bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling the terminal layer atom of InTe for enhanced electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction performance
Authors: Wu Jie , Shao Zhiyu , Zheng Beining , Zhang Yuan , Yao Xiangdong , Huang Keke , Feng Shouhua
Published: March 2023

The terminal layer atoms of InTe was regulated via molecular-beam-epitaxial growth to achieve enhanced electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction performance.
Boosting the crystallinity of novel two-dimensional hexamine dipyrazino quinoxaline-based covalent organic frameworks for electrical double-layer supercapacitors
Authors: Iqbal Rashid , Majeed Muhammad Kashif , Hussain Arshad , Ahmad Aziz , Ahmad Muhammad , Jabar Bushra , Akbar Abdul Rehman , Ali Sajjad , Rauf Sajid , Saleem Adil
Published: March 2023

A novel and conjugated 2D 250-HADQ COF exhibits a high specific surface area and excellent thermal stability yielding high values of gravimetric capacitance and energy density in two-electrode double-layer supercapacitor cells.
Fast, highly enantioselective, and sustainable fluorination of 4-substituted pyrazolones catalyzed by amide-based phase-transfer catalysts
Authors: Wang Yakun , Wang Shuaifei , Wu Yufeng , Zhao Ting , Liu Jie , Zheng Junlin , Wang Lin , Lv Jieli , Zhang Tao
Published: March 2023

Highly enantioselective and sustainable fluorination of 4-substituted pyrazolones has been developed by amide-based phase-transfer catalysts.
Sulfur-doped NiFe(CN)5NO nanoparticles as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Yi , Shen Xiaoping , Song Chunsen , Ji Zhenyuan , Du Fei-Hu
Published: March 2023

A facile approach to fabricate sulfur-doped bimetallic NiFe(CN)5NO nanoparticles was adopted; they displayed superior catalytic activity towards the OER with an overpotential of 274 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and maintained good stability over 1000 cycles.
Identifying an Appropriate Picture Stimulus for a Bangla Picture Description Task
Authors: Mazumdar Barnali , Donovan Neila J. , Duncan E. Susan
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

The absence of culture- and language-specific aphasia assessment in Bangla underscores a critical problem in communication sciences and disorders. Aphasia occurs in ~41% of Bangla-speaking stroke survivors. In the past 40 years, stroke incidence has doubled in low- and middle-income countries, such as Bangladesh and India, where there are ~250 million native Bangla speakers. This study aims to initiate the first step toward identifying an appropriate picture stimulus for the Bangla picture description task (PDT) intended for inclusion in a Bangla aphasia assessment. Researchers have reported the importance of cultural relevance and three visuographic variables of a picture (high-context, color, and photograph vs. black-and-white line drawing) for faster comprehension and comprehensive language production in people with aphasia and neurologically healthy adults.

Method:

Ninety-six neurologically healthy native Bangla speakers of three age groups (young 19–30, middle age 40–55, and older 65–89 years) were recruited to compare spontaneous language production for four selected culturally related and nonrelated picture stimuli with and without the three visuographic variables. Five linguistic variables were used to analyze the language samples.

Results:

The results demonstrated a significant (a) picture type effect for moving-average type–token ratio, words per minute (WPM), and mean length of utterance in morphemes (MLU) and (b) age group effect for WPM, MLU, and complexity index.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that a culturally related high-context color photograph is the optimal choice for the Bangla PDT. This study also indicates reduced fluency, grammatical complexity, and syntactic complexity in healthy Bangla-speaking adults aged 65 years and above.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22233664
The effect of variations in the magnetic field direction from turbulence on kinetic-scale instabilities
Authors: Opie Simon , Verscharen Daniel , Chen Christopher H. K. , Owen Christopher J. , Isenberg Philip A.
Published: March 2023

At kinetic scales in the solar wind, instabilities transfer energy from particles to fluctuations in the electromagnetic fields while restoring plasma conditions towards thermodynamic equilibrium. We investigate the interplay between background turbulent fluctuations at the small-scale end of the inertial range and kinetic instabilities acting to reduce proton temperature anisotropy. We analyse in situ solar wind observations from the Solar Orbiter mission to develop a measure for variability in the magnetic field direction. We find that non-equilibrium conditions sufficient to cause micro-instabilities in the plasma coincide with elevated levels of variability. We show that our measure for the fluctuations in the magnetic field is non-ergodic in regions unstable to the growth of temperature anisotropy-driven instabilities. We conclude that the competition between the action of the turbulence and the instabilities plays a significant role in the regulation of the proton-scale energetics of the solar wind. This competition depends not only on the variability of the magnetic field but also on the spatial persistence of the plasma in non-equilibrium conditions.
Analytic characterization of sub-Alfvénic turbulence energetics
Authors: Skalidis R. , Tassis K. , Pavlidou V.
Published: March 2023

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is a cross-field process relevant to many systems. A prerequisite for understanding these systems is to constrain the role of MHD turbulence, and in particular, the energy exchange between kinetic and magnetic forms. The energetics of strongly magnetized and compressible turbulence has so far resisted attempts to understand them. Numerical simulations reveal that kinetic energy can be orders of magnitude higher than fluctuating magnetic energy. We solved this lack-of-balance puzzle by calculating the energetics of compressible and sub-Alfvénic turbulence based on the dynamics of coherent cylindrical fluid parcels. Using the MHD Lagrangian, we proved analytically that the bulk of the magnetic energy transferred to kinetic energy is the energy that is stored in the coupling between the ordered and fluctuating magnetic field. The analytical relations are in strikingly good agreement with numerical data, up to second-order terms.
Low-energy Cross Section Measurements of 12C(p, γ) Deep Underground at LUNA
Authors: Skowronski Jakub , Boeltzig Axel
Published: March 2023

The 12C(p, γ)13N reaction cross section is currently under investigation in the low-background environment of the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics (LUNA). It is being studied using different types of solid targets, and employing two complementary detection techniques: HPGe spectroscopy and activation counting. To reduce systematic uncertainties, targets have been accurately characterized and their degradation under the intense beam of the LUNA-400 accelerator monitored. We present the experimental techniques and the corresponding analyses used to extract the reaction cross section.
Direct reactions for nuclear astrophysics
Authors: Erbacher Philipp , Benjamin Brückner , Dellmann Sophia Florence , Göbel Kathrin , Heftrich Tanja , Reich Markus , Kurtulgil Cem Deniz , Reifarth Rene , Volknandt Meiko , Weigand Mario , Härth Alexandra , Bennedik Marcel , Kuttner Tabea Marie , Strahl Janina , Ademi Ernest
Published: March 2023

The neutron activation technique is a well established method to measure neutron capture cross sections relevant for the s-process. The7Li(p,n) reaction at Ep= 1912 keV is often used as a neutron source since the energy distribution of the emitted neutrons closely resembles a Maxwell-Boltzmann spectrum ofkBT= 25 keV, mimicking the22Ne(α,n) phase in TP-AGB stars. The weak s-process, which takes place in massive stars, can reach energies up tokBT = 90 keV. Neutron spectra corresponding to a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution withkBT> 25 keV cannot be produced by the7Li(p,n) reaction directly. We developed a method to obtain quasi-Maxwellian neutron capture cross sections over a wide energy range by combining a set of spectrum average cross sections measured at six different proton energies and distances between the lithium target and the sample. The measured spectrum averaged cross section can be used to calculate the Maxwellian-Averaged cross-section (MACS) fromkBT= 25 keV tokBT= 90 keV. Over the last two years neutron capture cross sections on over 20 isotopes have been measured at Goethe University Frankfurt using this methodology. An overview of the current experimental method, challenges during data analysis and the first results are presented.
Analysis methods to determine the bound-state beta-decay half-life of Thallium-205
Authors: Leckenby Guy , Sidhu Ragandeep Singh , Chen Rui Jiu , Litvinov Yuri , Glorius Jan , Griffin Christopher , Dillmann Iris
Published: March 2023

Bound-state β−-decay is an exotic decay mode that produces temperature-dependent stability in nuclei. A striking example is 205Tl, in part because of its impact on the 205Pb/204Pb cosmochronometer—a short-lived ra-dionuclide clock that can provide unique constraints on s process material in the early solar system. The bound-state β−-decay of 205Tl was measured at GSI, where fully stripped 205Tl81+ ions were produced and stored in the Experimental Storage Ring. Decay occurred during storage producing increased 205Pb daughters with increased storage time. This contribution briefly outlines the experiment and describes analytical corrections required to extract the half-life.
Neutron activations for lower s-process temperatures
Authors: Heftrich Tanja , Al-Khasawleh Kafa , Borzek Sandra , Brückner Benjamin , Dellmann Sophia Florence , Dogan Ozan Can , El Mard Asmaa , Erbacher Philipp , Gail Madeleine , Göbel Kathrin , Habermehl Fabian , Heybeck Benedict , Kisselbach Timo , Kurtulgil Deniz , Mourad Rim , Reich Markus , Reifarth René , Sheriff Silas , Staab Tom , Volknandt Meiko , Weigand Mario
Published: March 2023

The slow neutron capture process produces heavy elements in different stellar sites at different temperatures. Neutron capture cross sections for stellar temperatures between kBT = 5 keV and kBT = 100 keV are crucial for a quantitative understanding of the s-process abundance distribution. Over the last decade activation measurements were performed at the Goethe University Frankfurt to study cross sections at a temperature of kBT = 25 keV. We developed a new method to measure neutron capture cross sections at kBT = 6 keV.
Understanding the cosmic abundance of 22Na: Lifetime measurements in 23Mg
Authors: Fougères C. , de Oliveira Santos F. , Smirnova N. A. , Michelagnoli C.
Published: March 2023

Simulations of explosive nucleosynthesis in novae predict the production of 22Na, a key astronomical observable to constrain nova models. Its gamma-ray line at 1.275 MeV has not yet been observed by the gamma-ray space telescopes. The 20Ne/22Ne ratio in presolar grains, a possible tool to identify nova grains, also depends on 22Na produced. Uncertainties on its yield in classical novae currently originate from the rate of the 22Na(p, γ)23Mg reaction. At peak novae temperatures, this reaction is dominated by a resonance at ER=0.204 MeV, corresponding to the Ex=7.785 MeV excited state in 23Mg. The resonance strengths measured so far disagree by one order of magnitude. An experiment has been performed at GANIL to measure the lifetime and the proton branching ratio of this key state, with a femtosecond resolution for the former. The reactions populating states in 23Mg have been studied with a high resolution detection set-up, i.e. the particle VAMOS, SPIDER and gamma tracking AGATA spectrometers, allowing the measurements of lifetimes and proton branchings. We present here a comparison between experimental results and shell-model calculations, that allowed us to assign the spin and parity of the key state. Rather small values obtained for reduced M1 matrix elements, M(M1) ≲ 0.5 µN, and proton spectroscopic factors, C2Sp<10−2, seem to be beyond the accuracy of the shell model. With the reevaluated 22Na(p, γ)23Mg rate, the 22Na detectability limit and its observation frequency from novae are found promising for the future space telescopes.
Neutron-induced charged-particle reaction studies in nuclear astrophysics with a Micromegas based gaseous detector
Authors: Yadav Chandrabhan , Green Akiva , Friedman Moshe
Published: March 2023

Neutron-induced charged-particle reaction studies on various unstable nuclei play an important role in understanding various nucleosynthesis processes occurring in explosive astrophysical scenarios. We are pursuing a novel experimental approach to study neutron-induced charge particle cross-sections for various unstable nuclei at effective temperatures of 1.5-3.5 GK using the 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction as a neutron source with three orders of magnitude higher neutron intensities with respect to currently available neutron time-of-flight facilities. We plan to perform our experiments with a 10-µA proton beam at the Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt facility (PTB, Germany), with a Micromegas based gaseous detector being developed.
New experimental study of the3He(α,γ)7Be reaction around theEcm= 3 MeV resonance
Authors: Tóth Ákos , Szücs Tamás
Published: March 2023

The total cross section of the3He(α,γ)7Be reaction was measured by the activation technique in the energy range ofEcm= 2.6 - 3.1 MeV, covering the first known resonance in the reaction. Consistent results were obtained with the only one available literature dataset in this energy range.
A new 12C+12C reaction rate: Impact on stellar evolution
Authors: Monpribat E. , Choplin A. , Martinet S. , Courtin S. , Heine M. , Adsley P. , Curien D. , Dumont T. , Ekström S. , Jenkins D.G. , Moukaddam M. , Nippert J. , Tsiatsiou S. , Meynet G.
Published: March 2023

Among the reactions driving stellar evolution during carbon burning, 12C + 12C fusion provides the key ingredients. This system reveals many resonances, but also regions with suppressed fusion cross-sections. The reaction was recently measured by the STELLA collaboration utilizing the gammaparticle coincidence technique for precise cross-section measurements reaching down to the Gamow window of massive stars. From the experimental data, reaction rates were determined by approximating a hindrance parametrization and by adding on top a resonance at the lowest measured energy. The impact of these reaction rates on the evolution of massive stars was explored with models of 12 and 25 M⊙ using the stellar evolution code GENEC, and a detailed study of the resulting nucleosynthesis with a 1454 elements network was performed. The sensitivity of the STELLA experimental cross-sections on the temperature range for C-burning for the stellar models studied were presented. The final abundances and their impacts on stellar evolution were discussed.
Studies of low-energy K−-nucleus/nuclei interactions with light nuclei by AMADEUS
Authors: Skurzok Magdalena , Bazzi Massimiliano , Bragadireanu Mario , Bosnar Damir , Cargnelli Michael , Clozza Alberto , De Paolis Luca , Del Grande Raffaele , Fabbietti Laura , Guaraldo Carlo , Iliescu Mihai , Levi Sandri Paolo , Marton Johann , Miliucci Marco , Moskal Paweł , Piscicchia Kristian , Ramos Angels , Scordo Alessandro , Silarski Michał , Sirghi Diana Laura , Sirghi Florin , Spallone Antonio , Vazquez Doce Oton , Wycech Sławomir , Zmeskal Johann , Curceanu Catalina
Published: March 2023

The AMADEUS Collaboration aims to provide unique experimental constraints to the antikaon-nucleon strong interaction in the regime of nonperturbative QCD. The K− nuclear captures, both at-rest and in-flight, are studied using the monochromatic low-momentum kaon beam (pK ∼ 120 MeV/c) produced at the DAΦNE collider, interacting with the KLOE detector materials. The studies are performed by reconstructing the hyperon-pion and hyperonnucleon final states. In this work a brief description of AMADEUS results for Λπ− and Λp final states is presented.
Beta decay along the N=Z line and its relevance in rp-process and X-Ray bursts
Authors: Nácher E. , Parra S. , Briz J.A. , Aguilera P. , Agramunt J. , Algora A. , Berry T. , Borge M.J.G. , Carmona M. , Fraile L.M. , Ganioglu E. , Gelletly W. , Guadilla V. , Illana A. , Lică R. , Marroquín I. , Molina F. , Morales A.I. , Orce N. , Orrigo S.E.J. , Perea A. , Romero J. , Rubio B. , Sotty C. , Taín J.L. , Tengblad O. , Tolosa A.
Published: March 2023

Nucleosynthesis in Type I X-ray bursts (XRB) proceeds eventually through the rp-process near the proton drip-line. Several N=Z nuclei act as waiting points in the reaction network chain. Astrophysical calculations of XRB light curves depend upon the theoretical modelling of the beta decays of interest, with the N=Z waiting points 64Ge, 68Se, 72Kr, 76Sr, and their second-neighbours N=Z+2 being key nuclei in this context. We have carried out different experimental campaigns at ISOLDE (CERN) to determine the B(GT) distributions, in the decay of several N=Z, N=Z+2 and their daughters, of particular relevance in rp-process calculations. To this aim the Total Absorption Spectroscopy technique is applied. Here we present results on the beta decay of 64Ga and the status of the analysis of 64Ge. Our results provide benchmarks for testing and constraining models under terrestrial conditions that can be used later for predictions in stellar environments.
Protrahierter Verlauf mit Fingeramputation in Folge einer
Steinfischvergiftung
Authors: Schnegg Jakob Richard , Först Jörg , van Schoonhoven Jörg , Prommersberger Karl-Josef , Mühldorfer-Fodor Marion
Published: March 2023

Fallbericht

Eine 53-jährige Frau stellte sich 2,5 Wochen, nachdem sie sich auf Mauritius
eine Steinfischstichverletzung am rechten Kleinfinger zugezogen hatte, in unserer
Notfallambulanz vor. Sie hatte im Urlaub beim Schwimmen am Meeresufer versehentlich
auf einen im Sand vergrabenen Steinfisch gegriffen (Abb. 1). Sofort war es neben massiven
Schmerzen am gesamten Arm zu einer Rötung am Kleinfinger und einer
Schwellung der Hand gekommen. Nach notfallmäßigem Transport in das
nächste Krankenhaus wurde der Patientin dort aufgrund einer starken
systemischen Reaktion ein Antidot im Rahmen eines kurzzeitigen intensivmedizinischen
Aufenthaltes verabreicht. Bei Blasenbildung wurde eine oberflächliche
Wundrevision und eine Kompartmentspaltung palmar an der rechten Hand am Folgetag
durchgeführt. Die Narben ließen allerdings auf eine nur minimale
Eröffnung der Stichwunde und der Intermetakarpalräume
schließen. Eine Antibiotikatherapie erfolgte während des
4-tägigen Krankenhausaufenthaltes mittels Ampicillin/Sulbactam
intravenös, welche bei Entlassung oralisiert und bis zur Vorstellung in
unserer Klinik fortgesetzt wurde.
Focal Application of Neurotrophic Factors Augments Outcomes of Nerve–Muscle–Endplate Grafting Technique for Limb Muscle Reinnervation
Authors: Mu Liancai , Chen Jingming , Sobotka Stanislaw , Li Jing , Nyirenda Themba
Published: March 2023

Background We have developed a novel muscle reinnervation technique called “nerve–muscle–endplate grafting (NMEG) in the native motor zone (NMZ).” This study aimed to augment the outcomes of the NMEG-NMZ (NN) by focal application of exogenous neurotrophic factors (ENFs) for limb reinnervation.

Methods Adult rats were used to conduct NN plus ENF (NN/ENF) and autologous nerve grafting (ANG, technique control). The nerve innervating the left tibialis anterior (TA) muscle was resected and the denervated TA was immediately treated with NN/ENF or ANG. For NN procedure, an NMEG pedicle was taken from the lateral gastrocnemius muscle and transferred to the NMZ of the denervated TA. For ANG, the nerve gap was bridged with sural nerve. Three months after treatment, the extent of functional and neuromuscular recovery was assessed by measuring static toe spread, maximal muscle force, wet muscle weight, regenerated axons, and innervated motor endplates (MEPs).

Results NN/ENF resulted in 90% muscle force recovery of the treated TA, which is far superior to ANG (46%) and NN alone (79%) as reported elsewhere. Toe spread recovered up to 89 and 49% of the control for the NN/ENF and ANG groups, respectively. The average wet muscle weight was 87 and 52% of the control for muscles treated with NN/ENF and ANG, respectively. The mean number of the regenerated axons was 88% of the control for the muscles treated with NN/ENF, which was significantly larger than that for the ANG-repaired muscles (39%). The average percentage of the innervated MEPs in the NN/ENF-treated TA (89%) was higher compared with that in the ANG-repaired TA (48%).

Conclusion ENF enhances nerve regeneration and MEP reinnervation that further augment outcomes of NN. The NN technique could be an alternative option to treat denervated or paralyzed limb muscles caused by traumatic nerve injuries or lesions.
Revisiting the Coulomb problem: A novel representation of the confluent hypergeometric function as an infinite sum of discrete Bessel functions
Authors: Alhaidari A. D.
Published: March 2023

We use the tridiagonal representation approach to solve the radial Schrödinger equation for the continuum scattering states of the Coulomb problem in a complete basis set of discrete Bessel functions. Consequently, we obtain a new representation of the confluent hypergeometric function as an infinite sum of Bessel functions, which is numerically very stable and more rapidly convergent than another well-known formula.
Effect of poling on the dielectric properties of synthesized β-poly (vinylidene fluoride) foam
Authors: Abdelaziem Ali , Mohamed Ayman M. , Yousry Yasmin M. , Borayek Ramadan , Razeen Ahmed S. , Zhang Nan , Chen Shuting , Zhang Lei , Lin Ke , Liu Zheng
Published: March 2023

A straightforward scalable method for synthesizing β-poly (vinylidene fluoride) polymer foam from a sugar template has been used. A characteristic β-phase of the foam was confirmed by infrared and micro-Raman spectroscopy with significant enhancement observed after poling. The electrical polarization of the foam revealed a ferroelectric nature with dielectric strength higher than 30 kV/cm which is close to the commercial value. Poled samples had a dielectric constant of 5.5, higher than the value of the unpoled sample (3.05). These values appear stable over the low-frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz. Significant reverse behavior was observed at higher frequencies from 300 GHz to 3 THz frequencies. It was found that the open-cell foam with a porosity of 88% has the lowest dielectric constant value (1.07 at 1.8 THz, reaching 1.04 at 2.9 THz) compared to the foam with 20% porosity (2.17 at 1 THz, reaching 1.83 at 3 THz). Furthermore, the Maxwell Garnett model, in conjunction with THz imaging, confirmed the impact of porosity on dielectric properties. These findings pave the way for the efficient fabrication of ferroelectric porous polymer structures that can be used in dielectric switching at the kHz–THz frequency range.
Bragg spectrum, K-theory, and gap labeling of aperiodic solids
Authors: Kellendonk Johannes
Published: March 2023

The diffraction spectrum of an aperiodic solid is related to the group of eigenvalues of the dynamical system associated with the solid. Those eigenvalues with continuous eigenfunctions constitute the topological Bragg spectrum. We relate the topological Bragg spectrum to topological invariants (Chern numbers) of the solid and to the gap-labeling group, which is the group of possible gap labels for the spectrum of a Schrödinger operator describing the electronic motion in the solid.
Kinetic study on heterogeneous nucleation and incubation period during chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Shima Kohei , Otaka Yuhei , Sato Noboru , Funato Yuichi , Fukushima Yasuyuki , Momose Takeshi , Shimogaki Yukihiro
Published: March 2023

The kinetics of heterogeneous nucleation during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is still unclear despite its importance. Nucleation delay is often observed in many CVD processes, which is known as the incubation period (τi). In this study, the effects of concentration (C) and sticking probability (η) of film-forming species on τi were formulated based on our kinetic model. To discuss the kinetics, τi−1 with the rate dimension was used and formulated using C and η. Because η onto heterogeneous surfaces (ηhetero) is difficult to evaluate, the study was initiated with η onto homogeneous surfaces (ηhomo), followed by a discussion on its reasonability. The formulation was validated using the experimental dataset for SiC-CVD from CH3SiCl3/H2 onto BN underlayers because CVD involves multiple film-forming species with different ηhomo ranging from 10−6 to 10−2 and thus is a suitable system for studying the effect of ηhomo. High-aspect-ratio (1000:1) parallel-plate microchannels consisting of τi-involving BN and a τi-free Si surface were utilized to separate these film-forming species along the microchannel depth. τi was exceptionally long, up to several hours, depending on the CVD conditions. τi−1 was found to be proportional to Cn, where n is the reaction order. n was quantified as ≈1.6, suggesting the initial nucleation was triggered by the impingement of two adspecies in the second order and lowered possibly by the discrepancy between C in the gas-phase and that actually producing adspecies on the surface. τi−1 was also found to be proportional to ηhomo. The exceptionally long τi was likely originated from the significantly lower ηhetero than ηhomo and the higher activation energy for ηhetero than that for ηhomo.
Investigation and passivation of boron and hydrogen impurities in tetragonal ZrO2 dielectrics for dynamic random access memory capacitors
Authors: Li Guangzhuo , Liu Zhu-You , Zhang Cai-Xin , Cai Xuefen , Yan Lei , Zhang Chen , Deng Hui-Xiong
Published: March 2023

Tetragonal ZrO2 high-k material as the dielectric layer of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) capacitors faces bulk defect related leakage current, which is one of the main obstacles to the down-scaling of DRAM devices. Boron and hydrogen impurities are known to be responsible for leakage current degradation and are hard to be removed in DRAM capacitors. However, the defect origins of boron and hydrogen leakage current are still puzzling, and corresponding suppression methods are urged. In this work, the properties of boron and hydrogen impurities in tetragonal ZrO2 are investigated using first-principles calculations, and defect types such as boron and hydrogen interstitials are discovered to have detrimental defect levels related to leakage current. Based on the discovery, a chlorine co-doping approach that can passivate detrimental defects by forming defect complexes is further proposed. By introducing level repulsion due to coupling between defect states, defect levels of passivated defect complexes are moved out of the region of leakage current contribution. Thus, bulk defect related leakage current in tetragonal ZrO2 based DRAM capacitors can be effectively suppressed without device structure modification, and a broad vista is opened for next-generation DRAM devices.
High magnetic, transport, and optical uniaxial anisotropies generated by controlled directionally grown nano-sheets in Fe thin films
Authors: Favieres C. , Vergara J. , Madurga V.
Published: March 2023

Fe films with thicknesses between 17 and 95 nm were grown with a nano-sheet morphology, which enabled their high uniaxial magnetic, transport, and optical in-plane anisotropies. The top edge of the nano-sheets was directly visualized as nano-string-like structures of approximately 12.5–14 nm width and 100–300 nm length. The hysteresis loops showed a clear easy direction of magnetization in the longitudinal direction of the nano-sheets, whereas the hard direction loops were anhysteretic, with no remanence and zero coercive field. The anisotropy field exhibited values between 70 and 111 kA/m depending on the thickness of the films, with the maximum value corresponding to a 34 nm thick sample. The resistance of the films was also found to be highly anisotropic. The ratio (R⊥–R||)/R|| was ≈86%, with R|| and R⊥ being the resistances in the parallel and perpendicular directions of the nano-sheets, respectively. Likewise, the reflectivity of the samples behaved anisotropically; the ratio (IReflmax–IReflmin)/IReflmax of the intensity of reflected light by the films reached up to 61% for 34 nm thick samples, achieving the maximum value, IReflmax, when the plane of the incident light coincided with the direction of the nano-sheets and the minimum, IReflmin, when this plane was perpendicular to the direction of the nano-sheets. The origin of these anisotropic behaviors was established. These anisotropic films with high magnetization and high uniaxial anisotropies at the nanoscale can be useful for microelectronics applications, for devices such as magnetic sensors and transducers, or for ultrahigh frequency inductors.
Optimal low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation for promoting anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages
Authors: Iacoponi Francesco , Cafarelli Andrea , Fontana Francesco , Pratellesi Tiziano , Dumont Erik , Barravecchia Ivana , Angeloni Debora , Ricotti Leonardo
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we stimulated M1-like macrophages (obtained from U937 cells) with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) to lower pro-inflammatory cytokine production. A systematic screening of different frequencies, intensities, duty cycles, and exposure times was performed. The optimal stimulation conditions leading to a marked decrease in the release of inflammatory cytokines were determined to be 38 kHz, 250 mW/cm2, 20%, and 90 min, respectively. Using these parameters, we verified that up to 72 h LIPUS did not affect cell viability, resulting in an increase in metabolic activity and in a reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, we found that two mechanosensitive ion channels (PIEZO1 and TRPV1) were involved in the LIPUS-mediated cytokine release modulation. We also assessed the role of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and observed an enhancement of actin polymerization. Finally, transcriptomic data suggested that the bioeffects of LIPUS treatment occur through the modulation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
Path separation of dissipation-corrected targeted molecular dynamics simulations of protein–ligand unbinding
Authors: Wolf Steffen , Post Matthias , Stock Gerhard
Published: March 2023

Protein–ligand (un)binding simulations are a recent focus of biased molecular dynamics simulations. Such binding and unbinding can occur via different pathways in and out of a binding site. Here, we present a theoretical framework on how to compute kinetics along separate paths and on how to combine the path-specific rates into global binding and unbinding rates for comparison with experimental results. Using dissipation-corrected targeted molecular dynamics in combination with temperature-boosted Langevin equation simulations [S. Wolf et al., Nat. Commun. 11, 2918 (2020)] applied to a two-dimensional model and the trypsin–benzamidine complex as test systems, we assess the robustness of the procedure and discuss the aspects of its practical applicability to predict multisecond kinetics of complex biomolecular systems.
pH/thermal dual-responsive multifunctional drug delivery system for effective photoacoustic imaging-guided tumor chemo/photothermal therapy
Authors: Wang Jun , Wu YanYan , Liu Kai , Yang Weitao , Zeng Weiwei , Gao Xiaolong , Liu ShiYuan , Zhang Bingbo
Published: March 2023

The development of a combination of chemo/photothermal therapy could overcome the limitations of single-modality therapy and enhance therapeutic efficacy. In this study, a pH/thermal dual-responsive multifunctional drug delivery system with dual-drug loading and enhanced chemo/photothermal therapy is developed based on polydopamine-coated mesoporous silica-gold nanorods (PDA-AuNRs@MSN). Nanoscale mesoporous silica-gold nanorods encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) are designed as a core and then modified by polydopamine. The PDA shell not only conjugates with another anticancer bortezomib (Btz) to form pH-sensitive bond through boronic acid and catechol but also acts as a gatekeeper to control the release of doxorubicin and enhance the photothermal effect. Such a nanocarrier not only acts as a contrast agent for PA imaging but also serves as a therapeutic agent for enhanced chemo/photothermal therapy. The DOX and Btz could be released in an on-demand mode under near-infrared light irradiation and acid environment. The tumor size and location could be observed via PA imaging after intravenous injection into 4T1-bearing mice. Compared with AuNRs@MSN, PDA-AuNRs@MSN exhibit an increased near-infrared (NIR) absorption at 808 nm and an enhanced photothermal effect. The integrated D/B-PDA-AuNRs@MSN nanoparticles show higher cell apoptosis and enhanced tumor treatment efficacy in vitro and in vivo in comparison with single chemotherapy or photothermal therapy. Combined together, D/B-PDA-AuNRs@MSN show pH/thermal-responsive controlled-release and synergistic chemo/photothermal therapy for tumor.
Impact of organic amine cations on photoluminescence and magnetic properties in Dion-Jacobson hybrid manganese halide perovskites
Authors: Panda Debendra Prasad , Swain Diptikanta , Athinarayanan Sundaresan
Published: March 2023

A strenuous effort has been made to design multifunctional lead-free organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) halide compounds, which are envisioned as next generation solar cell materials. However, it is challenging to design OIH halides that can exhibit both long-range magnetic ordering and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) since the dimensionality of the compounds has a contrasting effect on them. In this article, we have shown an approach to enhance PLQY in two-dimensional (2D) Heisenberg antiferromagnets by increasing the alkylene chain length of [H3N–(CH2)m–NH3]MnCl4 (m = 2, 3, and 4) compounds. All these compounds exhibit 2D layers of corner-sharing MnCl6 octahedra where the organic cations are intercalated between them. These compounds exhibit long-range antiferromagnetic ordering confirmed by the DC magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements. The Néel temperature (TN) decreases with increasing the length of spacer cations due to a decrease in interlayer exchange interactions; however, interestingly, the lifetime of photoexcited electrons and PLQY enhances from 24 to 56 µs and 8% to 23%, respectively. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements provide insight into thermal quenching and exciton binding energy. We believe this study can help to design new OIH halides with long-range magnetic ordering and high PLQY.
Fluorescence in quantum dynamics: Accurate spectra require post-mean-field approaches
Authors: Bustamante Carlos M. , Gadea Esteban D. , Todorov Tchavdar N. , Horsfield Andrew , Stella Lorenzo , Scherlis Damian A.
Published: March 2023

Real time modeling of fluorescence with vibronic resolution entails the representation of the light–matter interaction coupled to a quantum-mechanical description of the phonons and is therefore a challenging problem. In this work, taking advantage of the difference in timescales characterizing internal conversion and radiative relaxation—which allows us to decouple these two phenomena by sequentially modeling one after the other—we simulate the electron dynamics of fluorescence through a master equation derived from the Redfield formalism. Moreover, we explore the use of a recent semiclassical dissipative equation of motion [C. M. Bustamante et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 087401 (2021)], termed coherent electron electric-field dynamics (CEED), to describe the radiative stage. By comparing the results with those from the full quantum-electrodynamics treatment, we find that the semiclassical model does not reproduce the right amplitudes in the emission spectra when the radiative process involves the de-excitation to a manifold of closely lying states. We argue that this flaw is inherent to any mean-field approach and is the case with CEED. This effect is critical for the study of light–matter interaction, and this work is, to our knowledge, the first one to report this problem. We note that CEED reproduces the correct frequencies in agreement with quantum electrodynamics. This is a major asset of the semiclassical model, since the emission peak positions will be predicted correctly without any prior assumption about the nature of the molecular Hamiltonian. This is not so for the quantum electrodynamics approach, where access to the spectral information relies on knowledge of the Hamiltonian eigenvalues.
Redox metabolism maintains the leukemogenic capacity and drug resistance of AML cells
Authors: Huang Dan , Zhang Changcheng , Xiao Ming , Li Xie , Chen Weicai , Jiang Yu , Yuan Yamin , Zhang Yaping , Zou Yejun , Deng Lei , Wang Yang , Sun Yuying , Dong Wenping , Zhang Zhuo , Xie Li , Yu Zhuo , Chen Chiqi , Liu Ligen , Wang Jing , Yang Yi , Yang Jie , Zhao Yuzheng , Zheng Junke
Published: March 2023

Rewiring of redox metabolism has a profound impact on tumor development, but how the cellular heterogeneity of redox balance affects leukemogenesis remains unknown. To precisely characterize the dynamic change in redox metabolism in vivo, we developed a bright genetically encoded biosensor for H
2
O
2
(named HyPerion) and tracked the redox state of leukemic cells in situ in a transgenic sensor mouse. A H
2
O
2
-low (HyPerion-low) subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells was enriched with leukemia-initiating cells, which were endowed with high colony-forming ability, potent drug resistance, endosteal rather than vascular localization, and short survival. Significantly high expression of malic enzymes, including ME1/3, accounted for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) production and the subsequent low abundance of H
2
O
2
. Deletion of malic enzymes decreased the population size of leukemia-initiating cells and impaired their leukemogenic capacity and drug resistance. In summary, by establishing an in vivo redox monitoring tool at single-cell resolution, this work reveals a critical role of redox metabolism in leukemogenesis and a potential therapeutic target.
Muscle PARP1 inhibition extends lifespan through AMPKα PARylation and activation in
Drosophila
Authors: Guo Shanshan , Zhang Shuang , Zhuang Yixiao , Xie Famin , Wang Ruwen , Kong Xingyu , Zhang Qiongyue , Feng Yonghao , Gao Huanqing , Kong Xingxing , Liu Tiemin
Published: March 2023

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) has been reported to play an important role in longevity. Here, we showed that the knockdown of the PARP1 extended the lifespan of
Drosophila
, with particular emphasis on the skeletal muscle. The muscle-specific mutant
Drosophila
exhibited resistance to starvation and oxidative stress, as well as an increased ability to climb, with enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and activity at an older age. Mechanistically, the inhibition of PARP1 increases the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) and mitochondrial turnover. PARP1 could interact with AMPKα and then regulate it via poly(ADP ribosyl)ation (PARylation) at residues E155 and E195. Double knockdown of PARP1 and AMPKα, specifically in muscle, could counteract the effects of PARP1 inhibition in
Drosophila
. Finally, we showed that increasing lifespan via maintaining mitochondrial network homeostasis required intact PTEN induced kinase 1 (PINK1). Taken together, these data indicate that the interplay between PARP1 and AMPKα can manipulate mitochondrial turnover, and be targeted to promote longevity.
Is haploinsufficiency a sufficient mechanism for MYBPC3 truncating mutations?
Authors: Barefield David Y.
Published: March 2023

Reduced expression of MYBPC3 causes early dysfunction in human cell culture models prior to reduced cMyBP-C levels.
A working-condition-robust method for two-stage health measurement of rolling bearings based on energy entropy distribution and dynamic adversarial transfer network
Authors: Jiang Wei , Xue Xiaoming , Zhang Nan , Xu Yanhe , Liu Jie , Shan Yahui
Published: March 2023

Accurate and robust health measurement for rolling bearings under variable working conditions has great significance in guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of rotating machinery. In this paper, a two-stage and working-condition-robust health measurement method is proposed, systematically blending energy entropy theory, a deep-learning approach and transfer-learning technology. In the first stage, a state boundary of energy entropy is systematically deduced based on an adaptive variational mode decomposition (VMD) improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (IFOA) and the principle of statistical analysis to detect abnormal states in bearings, where the IFOA is developed to search for the optimal parameters of the VMD with high efficiency. In the second stage, if a fault exists, a hybrid robust auto-encoder adopting a multi-layer and deep structure is constructed to strengthen the feature extraction capacity and automatically capture valuable and robust fault features from original samples. Considering the insufficiently labeled samples and significant data distribution discrepancy, a novel dynamic adversarial transfer network (DATN) is designed to extract the transferable and domain-invariant features between source and target datasets and achieve accurate fault identification. Specifically, a dynamic adversarial coefficient based on Wasserstein distance is provided in the DATN to quantitatively evaluate the relative importance of marginal and conditional distributions. Extensive experiments on two rolling bearing datasets validate the superior performance of the proposed method compared with other state-of-the-art identification models and transfer-learning approaches.
Nanopatterned rGO/ZnO:Al seed layer for vertical growth of single ZnO nanorods
Authors: Chalangar Ebrahim , Mustafa Elfatih , Nur Omer , Willander Magnus , Pettersson Håkan
Published: March 2023

In this work, we demonstrate a novel low-cost template-assisted route to synthesize vertical ZnO nanorod arrays on Si (100). The nanorods were grown on a patterned double seed layer comprised of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The seed layer was fabricated by spray-coating the substrate with graphene and then dip-coating it into a Al-doped ZnO sol–gel solution. The growth template was fabricated from a double-layer resist, spin-coated on top of the rGO/ZnO:Al seed layer, and patterned by colloidal lithography. The results show a successful chemical bath deposition of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods with controllable diameter and density in the nanoholes in the patterned resist mask. Our novel method can presumably be used to fabricate electronic devices on virtually any smooth substrate with a thermal budget of 1 min at 300 °C with the seed layer acting as a conductive strain-relieving back contact. The top contact can simply be made by depositing a suitable transparent conductive oxide or metal, depending on the specific application.
Low temperature nucleation of thermochromic VO2 crystal domains in nanocolumnar porous thin films
Authors: Alcaide A M , Regodon G , Ferrer F J , Rico V , Alvarez R , Rojas T C , González-Elipe A R , Palmero A
Published: March 2023

The low temperature formation of monoclinic VO2 crystal domains in nanocolumnar vanadium/oxygen thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering at oblique angles is analyzed. The synthesis procedure involved the deposition of amorphous nanocolumnar VO1.9 thin films at room temperature and its subsequent annealing at temperatures between 250 °C and 330 °C in an oxygen atmosphere. The thermochromic transition of these films was found at a temperature of 47 °C when the annealing temperature was 270 °C and 58 °C when the annealing temperature was 280 °C and 290 °C, presenting a clear drop of the optical transmittance in the infrared region of the spectrum. The significant downshift in the temperature window to obtain VO2 in comparison with compact films and other strategies in literature is explained by the particular morphology of the nanocolumnar structures, which contains numerous defects along with open and embedded porosity.
New one-parametric extension of the Starobinsky inflationary model
Authors: Pozdeeva Ekaterina O , Vernov Sergey Yu
Published: March 2023

We propose a one-parametric extension of the Starobinsky R + R
2 model by adding the

R
+

m

2

β

2

3

/

2

term. The parameter m is the inflaton mass, which is determined in the same way as in the Starobinsky model, and β is a dimensionless constant. Using the Einstein frame and the scalar field potential, we get the inflationary parameters of the model proposed. The value of the tensor-to-scalar ratio r can be significantly larger than in the Starobinsky model. The considered inflationary model is in a good agreement with the current observational data. The corresponding scalar field potential is a polynomial of the exponential function.
Non-unitary three-neutrino mixing in the early Universe
Authors: Gariazzo Stefano , Martínez-Miravé Pablo , Mena Olga , Pastor Sergio , Tórtola Mariam
Published: March 2023

Deviations from unitarity in the three-neutrino mixing canonical picture are expected in
many physics scenarios beyond the Standard Model. The mixing of new heavy neutral leptons with the
three light neutrinos would in principle modify the strength and flavour structure of
charged-current and neutral-current interactions with matter. Non-unitarity effects would
therefore have an impact on the neutrino decoupling processes in the early Universe and on the
value of the effective number of neutrinos, N
eff. We calculate the cosmological energy
density in the form of radiation with a non-unitary neutrino mixing matrix, addressing the
possible interplay between parameters. Highly accurate measurements of N
eff from
forthcoming cosmological observations can provide independent and complementary limits on the
departures from unitarity. For completeness, we relate the scenario of small deviations from
unitarity to non-standard neutrino interactions and compare the forecasted constraints to other
existing limits in the literature.
Primordial black holes and third order scalar induced gravitational waves*
Authors: Chang Zhe , Kuang Yu-Ting , Zhang Xukun , Zhou Jing-Zhi
Published: March 2023

The process of primordial black hole (PBH) formation is inevitably accompanied by scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs). The strong correlation between PBH and SIGW signals may offer a promising approach to detecting PBHs in upcoming gravitational wave experiments, such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). We investigate third order SIGWs during a radiation-dominated era in the case of the monochromatic primordial power spectrum

. For LISA observations, the relationships between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and monochromatic primordial power spectrum are studied systematically, revealing that the effects of third order SIGWs extend the cutoff frequency from

to

and lead to an approximately 200% increase in the SNR for the frequency band from

Hz to

Hz, corresponding to PBHs with masses in the range

. We find that there is a critical value,

, for the amplitude of the monochromatic primordial power spectra, such that when

, the energy density of third order SIGWs is larger than that of second order SIGWs.