bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photo- and radio-luminescence of porphyrin functionalized ZnO/SiO2nanoparticles
Authors: Crapanzano Roberta , Villa Irene , Mostoni Silvia , D’Arienzo Massimiliano , Di Credico Barbara , Fasoli Mauro , Lorenzi Roberto , Scotti Roberto , Vedda Anna
Published: August 2022

This work presents the morphology and spectroscopy of ZnO/SiO2nanoparticles functionalized with porphyrin and discusses the correlation between the design of multicomponent nanosystems and their luminescence response upon X-ray exposure.
Ion transport mechanism in anhydrous lithium thiocyanate LiSCN Part I: ionic conductivity and defect chemistry
Authors: Joos Markus , Conrad Maurice , Rad Ashkan , Kaghazchi Payam , Bette Sebastian , Merkle Rotraut , Dinnebier Robert E. , Schleid Thomas , Maier Joachim
Published: August 2022

Anhydrous Li(SCN) is systematically doped with Mg2+, Zn2+, and Co2+ to investigate its ion transport properties. A complete quantitative defect chemical model is derived and connections to relevant other Li+ cation conductors are discussed.
Magneto-thermal properties and slow magnetic relaxation in Mn(ii)Ln(iii) complexes: influence of magnetic coupling on the magneto-caloric effect
Authors: Oyarzabal Itziar , Zabala-Lekuona Andoni , Mota Antonio J. , Palacios María A. , Rodríguez-Diéguez Antonio , Lorusso Giulia , Evangelisti Marco , Rodríguez-Esteban Corina , Brechin Euan K. , Seco José M. , Colacio Enrique
Published: August 2022

Magneto-structural correlations reveal the basis to design Mn(ii) and lanthanide-based complexes with magneto-caloric effect or slow relaxation of the magnetization.
Adipic acid directed self-healable supramolecular metallogels of Co(ii) and Ni(ii): intriguing scaffolds for comparative optical-phenomenon in terms of third-order optical non-linearity
Authors: Lepcha Gerald , Singha Tara , Majumdar Santanu , Pradhan Amit Kumar , Das Krishna Sundar , Datta Prasanta Kumar , Dey Biswajit
Published: August 2022

Adipic acid-directed supramolecular self-healing Co(ii) and Ni(ii)-metallogels have been achieved to explore a comparative study of third order optical non-linearity.
Inactivation mechanisms of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica by free residual chlorine
Authors: Abnavi Mohammadreza Dehghan , Larimian Taban , Srinivasan Parthasarathy , Munther Daniel , Kothapalli Chandrasekhar R.
Published: August 2022

The sub-cellular mechanisms by which residual free chlorine (FC) inactivates E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica in the absence of organic matter was investigated.
Highly efficient catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis for the conversion of Kraft lignin into bio-oil over heteropoly acids
Authors: Zhang Haichuan , Fu Shiyu
Published: August 2022

Herein, we have developed a heteropoly acid-catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis reaction for Kraft lignin valorization under mild conditions in the absence of H2.
Conversion of polyethylene terephthalate into pure terephthalic acid through synergy between a solid-degrading cutinase and a reaction intermediate-hydrolysing carboxylesterase
Authors: Mrigwani Arpita , Thakur Bhishem , Guptasarma Purnananda
Published: August 2022

LCC (in green) binds to the hydrophobic surface of solid PET and degrades it into TPA and degradation intermediates (OET, BHET and MHET) that partition away into aqueous solution. TTCE (in red) turns degradation intermediates into TPA, in solution.
Coir fiber-reinforced PVA aerogels for oil adsorption
Authors: Wang Yi , Huang Jinxia , Guo Zhiguang
Published: August 2022

Mechanically and thermally stable hydrophobic aerogels were prepared by simple boric acid condensation, freeze-drying, and chemical vapor deposition for the treatment of oily wastewater.
Development of fluorophoric [2]pseudorotaxanes and [2]rotaxane: selective sensing of Zn(ii)
Authors: Bej Somnath , Nandi Mandira , Ghosh Pradyut
Published: August 2022

Fluorophoric threaded/interlocked systems composed of a fluorophoric axle and a naphthalene-containing heteroditopic macrocycle are synthesized via Ni(ii) templation and π–π stacking interactions, and rotaxane displays selective sensing of Zn(ii) ions.
Magnesium catalyzed [3 + 3] heteroannulation of α-enolic dithioesters with MBH acetate: access to functionalized 3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyrans
Authors: Soni Sonam , Shukla Gaurav , Singh Maya Shankar
Published: August 2022

An efficient heteroannulation employing racemic Morita–Baylis–Hillman acetate and α-enolic dithioesters enabling the formation of dihydro-2H-thiopyrans is reported.
Cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol-xanthan gum hydrogel fabricated by freeze/thaw technique for potential application in soft tissue engineering
Authors: Bernal-Chávez Sergio Alberto , Alcalá-Alcalá Sergio , Tapia-Guerrero Y. S. , Magaña Jonathan J. , Del Prado-Audelo María Luisa , Leyva-Gómez Gerardo
Published: August 2022

A polyvinyl alcohol–xanthan gum hydrogel was developed and the influence of the freeze/thaw technique on different characteristics was evaluated.
Azodioxy compounds as precursors for C-radicals and their application in thermal styrene difunctionalization
Authors: Plöger Stefanie , Mück-Lichtenfeld Christian , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido
Published: August 2022

An atom-economic thermal α,β-difunctionalization of various styrenes with readily prepared azodioxy compounds is reported.
Correction: Expanding medicinal chemistry into 3D space: metallofragments as 3D scaffolds for fragment-based drug discovery
Authors: Morrison Christine N. , Prosser Kathleen E. , Stokes Ryjul W. , Cordes Anna , Metzler-Nolte Nils , Cohen Seth M.
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘Expanding medicinal chemistry into 3D space: metallofragments as 3D scaffolds for fragment-based drug discovery’ by Christine N. Morrison et al., Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 1216–1225, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9SC05586J.
Measurement Properties of Mean Length of Utterance in School-Age Children
Authors: Potratz Jill R. , Gildersleeve-Neumann Christina , Redford Melissa A.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Mean length of utterance (MLU) is one of the most widely reported measures of syntactic development in the developmental literature, but its responsiveness in young school-age children's language has been questioned, and it has been shown to correlate with nonsyntactic measures. This study tested the extent to which MLU shows measurement properties of responsiveness and construct validity when applied to language elicited from elementary school children.

Method:

Thirty-two typically developing children in two age groups (5 and 8 years) provided four short language samples each. Language samples were elicited in a question–answer context and a narrative context. MLU was calculated with both morpheme and word counts. Other established measures of syntactic complexity (clausal density [CD], developmental level [D-Level], mean length of clause [MLC]) and lexical diversity (lexical density, moving-average type–token ratio, number of different words) were also calculated.

Results:

Linear mixed-effects analyses revealed that MLU varied systematically with discourse context and children's age group. The syntactic measures, CD and MLC, were found to vary systematically with MLU. None of the lexical diversity measures varied systematically with MLU.

Conclusion:

Results suggest that MLU is a responsive and valid measure of children's syntactic development across age and discourse context during the early school-age years.
Class‐wise boundary regression by uncertainty in temporal action detection
Authors: Chen Yunze , Chen Mengjuan , Gu Qingyi
Published: August 2022

Temporal action detection is a crucial aspect of video understanding. It aims to classify the action as well as locate the start and end boundaries of the action in the untrimmed videos. As deep learning is frequently utilized, the accuracy of annotation is crucial to boundary localization. However, it is observed that some annotation instances are ambiguous and the ambiguity varies between categories. To solve the problem above, a Gaussian model is built to estimate the boundary uncertainty for each instance. Based on instance uncertainty, category uncertainty is applied to describe the uncertainty of each category. By combining instance and category uncertainty, the boundaries of the selected proposals are refined and the ranking of candidate proposals is adjusted. Furthermore, overcorrection is avoided for categories with a high level of uncertainty. With the uncertainty approach, state‐of‐the‐art performance is achieved: 57.5% on THUMOS14 (mAP@0.5) and 35.4% on ActivityNet (mAP@Avg).
Les pesticides au prisme des sciences humaines et sociales. Focus sur les deuxièmes journées d’études du réseau SHS-Pesticides
Authors: Bureau-Point Ève , Aulagnier Alexis , Barthélémy Carole , El Kotni Mounia , Goulet Frédéric , Hunsmann Moritz , Jas Nathalie , Temple Ludovic
Published: August 2022

Depuis février 2020, le réseau SHS-Pesticides contribue à structurer une communauté de chercheurs en sciences humaines et sociales (SHS) travaillant sur l’objet « pesticides ». Les journées d’études annuelles organisées par ce réseau permettent de rendre compte de la diversité des approches sur la question, de confronter les regards disciplinaires et de mieux faire connaître, aux différents publics intéressés, les travaux en SHS sur cet objet. Nous partons du principe que le croisement des regards disciplinaires sur les pesticides est un moyen de mieux répondre aux enjeux sanitaires, sociaux et environnementaux qu’ils soulèvent. Les deuxièmes journées d’études de mai 2021, dont on donne un aperçu dans cet article, ont été l’occasion de présenter un état des lieux des travaux en SHS réalisés dans le cadre académique français et d’approfondir trois dimensions de la question : les alternatives aux pesticides, les mobilisations sociales autour des questions de pesticides, ainsi que les enjeux de temporalité dans leur gouvernement. Le réseau se structure, il permet de mieux faire connaître les travaux en SHS sur le sujet au sein même de la communauté de recherche mais également auprès des acteurs et actrices des politiques publiques et/ou du milieu associatif.
Effet du feedback visuel sur les principaux indices dynamiques du geste graphique et les habiletés de transcription chez les enfants de 5 ans
Authors: Labat Hélène , Ecalle Jean , Magnan Annie
Published: August 2022

L’écriture de mots nécessite l’acquisition du code alphabétique et la maîtrise du geste graphique. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer avec des enfants de 5 ans : (1) l’effet du feedback visuel dans l’exploration motrice des lettres sur le tracé de lettres ; (2) l’effet du développement des processus moteurs sur la transcription de pseudo-mots. Un design pré-test / entraînement (avec ou sans feedback visuel) / post-tests est utilisé. Les principaux indices dynamiques qui reflètent les processus moteurs sont identifiés et analysés.
Évolution de la gestion de l’orthographe en production de textes entre 6 et 15 ans : apports du TAL
Authors: Ponton Claude , Brissaud Catherine , Wolfarth Claire
Published: August 2022

Nous présenterons une analyse assistée par des outils informatiques de données recueillies dans le cadre du projet E-Calm, pour les niveaux allant du CP à la 3e. Nous étudierons l’évolution de la segmentation en mots, du traitement du verbe et de la morphologie de l’adjectif dans des productions narratives. Des pistes didactiques seront proposées.
Enjeux didactiques de l’e-learningde l’orthographe du français : les plateformes Projet Voltaire et Orthodidacte
Authors: Pallanti Luca
Published: August 2022

L’étude vise la description et l’analyse du fonctionnement des plateformes e-learning de l’orthographe Projet Voltaire et Orthodidacte. Il s’agit de décrypter les modèles didactiques qu’elles proposent à travers une comparaison de leurs stratégies de communication avec les résultats de deux groupes d’étudiants de l’IUT de Grenoble ayant utilisé les deux plateformes.
Réviser collectivement un texte dicté : effets sur les accords catégoriels en CE1
Authors: Wattelet-Millet Sandrine , David Jacques
Published: August 2022

Soixante-seize élèves de CE1 hors REP de la région parisienne ont participé à une étude visant à mesurer les effets d’un dispositif de révision collective d’un texte dicté, la dictée révisée, sur leurs compétences morphographiques. Cette dictée, qui suscite les interactions entre élèves autour des graphies produites et sollicite la mise en oeuvre de raisonnements grammaticaux, a été utilisée pendant une année scolaire par trente élèves de la cohorte. En nous appuyant sur l’analyse quantitative et qualitative du double corpus composé de 45 phrases dictées soit 2970 syntagmes nominaux et de 10 entretiens métagraphiques, nous décrirons son impact autour de deux des trois problèmes posés par notre système d’écriture sur son versant sémiographique à savoir l’amuïssement et la redondance des marques morphographiques.
La recherche collaborative pour faire émerger une conscience disciplinaire de l’oral pour enseigner et apprendre la grammaire en cycle 3
Authors: Durrieu-Gardelle Magali
Published: August 2022

Cette communication s’intéresse au lien entre la conscience disciplinaire des enseignants et celle de leurs élèves en grammaire. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que la recherche collaborative peut transformer leur conscience disciplinaire de l’oral pour construire les savoirs. Nous nous appuyons sur les retranscriptions des séances et des auto-confrontations.
Former à l’enseignement de l’orthographe : quelles médiations ?
Authors: Elalouf Marie-Laure
Published: August 2022

Cet article présente les effets d’un dispositif de formation à l’enseignement de l’orthographe sur la pratique d’enseignants se destinant à devenir formateurs. Dans le cadre d’un master, ils sont invités dans leur mémoire à analyser leur propre pratique et l’année suivante à concevoir l’accompagnement d’un débutant. Nous montrons à travers l’analyse de deux corpus longitudinaux comment la pratique régulière de la transcription permet une prise de distance au service de la construction d’une posture métalinguistique explicite et d’un traitement de l’accord plus conscient des conceptions des élèves et des savoirs en jeu pour leur permettre d’évoluer.
Sociolinguistique historique et scripturalité Normes linguistiques et pratiques de l’orthographe
Authors: Branca-Rosoff Sonia
Published: August 2022

Cette conférence revient de façon synthétique sur les conceptions de la norme, en particulier des normes orthographiques. Elle aborde d’abord les liens de ces normes et de la constitution de l’État français, avec l’élimination des variantes dialectales, et la pression sociale croissante de l’orthographe à partir de la fin du 18e siècle. Elle s’interroge ensuite sur l’interprétation de Bourdieu en termes de violence symbolique. Enfin, elle signale le renouvèlement apporté par l’approche « cognitive » de Goody. Les déviations orthographiques d’usagers qu’elles soient involontaires chez les « peu-lettrés » ou volontaires chez les féministes inclusivistes montrent qu’on ne se débarrasse pas facilement d’une instance pouvant édicter une norme.
Unlocking Electrophilic N-Aryl Intermediates from Aryl Azides, Nitroarenes, and Aryl Amines in Cyclization–Migration Reactions
Authors: Driver Tom G.
Published: August 2022

An account of our development of reactions to construct N-heterocycles by triggering cyclization–migration tandem reactions from aryl azides, nitroarenes, and aryl amines is described. The reactivity patterns of metal N-aryl nitrenes, nitrosoarenes, N-aryl nitrogen radical anions, and N-aryl nitrenoids are compared.

1 Introduction

2 Unlocking the Reactivity Embedded in Aryl Azides

3 Exploiting the Reactivity of Nitrosoarenes Generated from Nitroarenes

4 Radical Anion N-Aryl Nitrogen Reactive Intermediates from Nitroarenes

5 Oxidation of Aryl Amines to Access Electrophilic N-Aryl Nitrenoids

6 Conclusion
Saturation pressure of nonequilibrium titanium evaporation during additive manufacturing by electron powder bed fusion
Authors: Farsy Abderzak el , Antunes Vinicius G. , Seznec Benjamin , Schiesko LoÏc , Ballage Charles , Minea Tiberiu
Published: August 2022

Electron beam powder bed fusion (E-PBF) is an attractive technology for the additive manufacturing of metal parts. However, process improvements require precise control of the energy transferred to the powder by the electron beam. Here, we used tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TD-LAS) to measure the velocity distribution functions of titanium atoms evaporated during E-PBF. The narrow spectral ranges emitted by laser diodes allow for high-resolution absorption profiles of the evaporated atoms and thus accurate determinations of their Doppler broadening, density, and temperature during melting. The obtained vapor temperature reveals overheating at the surface of the melt pool relative to the low-pressure (0.1 Pa) boiling point of titanium, indicating that evaporation occurs under nonequilibrium conditions. We characterized the influence of the linear energy density on titanium evaporation and found it to be consistent with the saturation vapor pressure. Our characterization of the vapor properties provides reliable inputs for melt pool simulations. Furthermore, TD-LAS may be further exploited to prevent the evaporation of low-concentration alloy elements, which can induce defects in the printed part.
Understanding interfacial energy structures in organic solar cells using photoelectron spectroscopy: A review
Authors: Kang Ju Hwan , Lee Jin Hee , Walker Bright , Seo Jung Hwa , Chang Gap Soo
Published: August 2022

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have received considerable attention as a promising clean energy-generating technology because of their low cost and great potential for large-scale commercial manufacturing. With significant advances in new charge-transport material design, interfacial engineering, and their operating conditions, power conversion efficiencies of OSCs have continued to increase. However, a fundamental understanding of charge carrier transport and especially how ionic moieties affect carrier transport is still lacking in OSCs. In this regard, photoelectron spectroscopy has provided valuable information about interfacial electronic structures. The interfacial electronic structure of OSC interlayers greatly impacts charge extraction and recombination, controls energy level alignment, guides active layer morphology, improves material’s compatibility, and plays a critical role in the resulting power conversion efficiency of OSCs. Interfacial engineering incorporating inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials can effectively enhance the performance of organic photovoltaic devices by reducing energy barriers for charge transport and injection while improving compatibility between metal oxides and donor–acceptor based active layers or transparent conducting electrodes. This article provides a review of recent developments in interfacial engineering underlying organic photovoltaic devices of donor–acceptor interfaces.
Resonant three-wave interactions with linear source/sink terms: Exploring the parameter space
Authors: Yakusevich Y. , Krasheninnikov S. I.
Published: August 2022

It is shown that the resonance three wave interactions in the presence of linear source/sink terms exhibit a wide variety of time-evolution dynamics, such as exponential growth, limit cycles, and strange attractors. The particular features of the dynamics are determined primarily by the values of linear growth rates, forming a 2D parameter space. An exploration of this parameter space is the main focus of this present work.
Temperature-controlled focusing of Brownian particles in a channel
Authors: Nie Deming , Lin Jianzhong
Published: August 2022

The preferential motion of Brownian particles in a channel with heated or cooled walls was numerically simulated using a direct numerical simulation method, that is, the fluctuating-lattice Boltzmann method. The resulting focusing of Brownian particles on the channel centerline induced by heated walls is the focus of this study. The effects of wall temperature, fluid thermal diffusivity, and particle size and density were considered in terms of both the focusing efficiency and performance of Brownian particles. It was revealed that the particle focusing process follows a quadratic relationship with time at high wall temperatures or a linear relationship at low wall temperatures. For a fixed wall temperature, the focusing efficiency (i.e., how fast the Brownian particles aggregate) is dominated by the Prandtl number, that is, the relative importance of the heat transfer and momentum transfer in the fluid. Meanwhile, the Lewis number, that is, the ratio of the fluid thermal diffusivity to the particle self-diffusivity, controls the focusing performance (i.e., to what extent Brownian particles aggregate). The possible mechanisms behind this are discussed. Finally, the negligible influence of particle density on both the focusing efficiency and performance was revealed.
Use of electronic medical records to monitor the safe and effective prescribing of medicinal cannabis: is it feasible?
Authors: Hallinan Christine M. , Gunn Jane M. , Bonomo Yvonne A.
Published: August 2022

Background General practitioners are well positioned to contribute to the pharmacovigilance of medical cannabis via the general practice electronic medical record (EMR). The aim of this research is to interrogate de-identified patient data from the Patron primary care data repository for reports of medicinal cannabis to ascertain the feasibility of using EMRs to monitor medicinal cannabis prescribing in Australia. Methods EMR rule-based digital phenotyping of 1 164 846 active patients from 109 practices was undertaken to investigate reports of medicinal cannabis use from September 2017 to September 2020. Results Eighty patients with 170 prescriptions of medicinal cannabis were identified in the Patron repository. Reasons for prescription included anxiety, multiple sclerosis, cancer, nausea, and Crohn’s disease. Nine patients showed symptoms of a possible adverse event, including depression, motor vehicle accident, gastrointestinal symptoms, and anxiety. Conclusions The recording of medicinal cannabis effects in the patient EMR provides potential for medicinal cannabis monitoring in the community. This is especially feasible if monitoring were to be embedded into general practitioner workflow.
Widespread hydroxylation of unstructured lysine-rich protein domains by JMJD6
Authors: Cockman Matthew E. , Sugimoto Yoichiro , Pegg Hamish B. , Masson Norma , Salah Eidarus , Tumber Anthony , Flynn Helen R. , Kirkpatrick Joanna M. , Schofield Christopher J. , Ratcliffe Peter J.
Published: August 2022

The Jumonji domain–containing protein JMJD6 is a 2-oxoglutarate–dependent dioxygenase associated with a broad range of biological functions. Cellular studies have implicated the enzyme in chromatin biology, transcription, DNA repair, mRNA splicing, and cotranscriptional processing. Although not all studies agree, JMJD6 has been reported to catalyze both hydroxylation of lysine residues and demethylation of arginine residues. However, despite extensive study and indirect evidence for JMJD6 catalysis in many cellular processes, direct assignment of JMJD6 catalytic substrates has been limited. Examination of a reported site of proline hydroxylation within a lysine-rich region of the tandem bromodomain protein BRD4 led us to conclude that hydroxylation was in fact on lysine and catalyzed by JMJD6. This prompted a wider search for JMJD6-catalyzed protein modifications deploying mass spectrometric methods designed to improve the analysis of such lysine-rich regions. Using lysine derivatization with propionic anhydride to improve the analysis of tryptic peptides and nontryptic proteolysis, we report 150 sites of JMJD6-catalyzed lysine hydroxylation on 48 protein substrates, including 19 sites of hydroxylation on BRD4. Most hydroxylations were within lysine-rich regions that are predicted to be unstructured; in some, multiple modifications were observed on adjacent lysine residues. Almost all of the JMJD6 substrates defined in these studies have been associated with membraneless organelle formation. Given the reported roles of lysine-rich regions in subcellular partitioning by liquid–liquid phase separation, our findings raise the possibility that JMJD6 may play a role in regulating such processes in response to stresses, including hypoxia.
Focused ion beam preparation of halide perovskite microscopy specimens: evaluation of the beam induced damage
Authors: Lu Yuan , Wang Hao , Chen Yi , Akriti  , Hu Xiangchen , Dou Letian , Mi Qixi , Ning Zhijun , Yu Yi
Published: August 2022

Focused ion beam (FIB) is currently one of the most commonly used methods for preparing transmission electron microscopy bulk specimens. However, for ion beam-sensitive materials such as halide perovskites, the ion beam milling process can easily cause decomposition and structure damage to the specimen. Here we investigate the influence factors of ion beam damage theoretically and experimentally, and successfully obtain the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of inorganic halide perovskite sample prepared by FIB. Theoretical investigations indicate that the temperature rises extremely fast for ion beam milling, reaching more than 80% of the highest temperature in less than one picosecond. Experimental investigations of halide perovskites in various forms (nanostructures, thin film devices, and single crystals) suggest choosing appropriate FIB acceleration voltage and beam current together with strategies to reduce the milling time may alleviate structure damage.
Probability-driven identification mechanism for degradation of magnetic drive pumps
Authors: Cao Ruijia , Yuan Jianping , Zhao Fei , Kong Xiangxu , Peng Guoyi , Qiu Ning
Published: August 2022

Pump-state prediction and health management have entered the intelligent era. Data analysis, feature extraction, and automatic classification are the critical stages of the state self-recovery regulation of machines. To explore the identification mechanism of degraded states in magnetic drive pumps, the wavelet packet transform is utilised to filter the raw vibration signals. A classification model is subsequently established based on K-means clustering analysis. The highly sensitive characteristic parameters are accessed via a corresponding pre-processing procedure. Herein, clustering points are acquired, and the detected states are classified. Moreover, the probability of operating states over time is ascertained using hidden Markov models. Thus, the healthy machine states are validated via comparison of the calculated results, indicating that the trigger mechanism can recognise the degraded machine states successfully. The proposed probability-driven identification mechanism makes the automatic identification and intelligent decision-making of self-recovery systems possible, and may be used to provide technical details for application to other rotating machinery systems.
Role of Fermi-level depinning in quenching of V4+ related photoluminescence in semi-insulating 4H-SiC
Authors: Chakravorty Anusmita , Kabiraj Debdulal
Published: August 2022

Vanadium atoms in 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) single crystals have prospective applications as solid-state quantum emitters, making it crucial to understand the modifications of vanadium-related optical properties due to defects in the host lattice. We introduce controlled defects using 100 MeV Ag ion irradiation and report on quenching of luminescence from neutral vanadium V4+ atoms in vanadium-doped semi-insulating (SI) 4H-SiC. A reduction in intensity from V4+ related α and β emissions, and a correlated increase in thermally stimulated current (TSC), attributed to the increase in irradiation-induced defects, are observed with increasing ion fluence (Ag cm−2). Activation energies of the defect levels involved in compensation loss are estimated from TSC. We also demonstrate a partial recovery of SI behavior after thermal annealing.
Feedback control and quantum error correction assisted quantum multi-parameter estimation
Authors: Hong Hai-Yuan , Lu Xiu-Juan , Kuang Sen
Published: August 2022

Quantum metrology provides a fundamental limit on the precision of multi-parameter estimation, called the Heisenberg limit, which has been achieved in noiseless quantum systems. However, for systems subject to noises, it is hard to achieve this limit since noises are inclined to destroy quantum coherence and entanglement. In this paper, a combined control scheme with feedback and quantum error correction (QEC) is proposed to achieve the Heisenberg limit in the presence of spontaneous emission, where the feedback control is used to protect a stabilizer code space containing an optimal probe state and an additional control is applied to eliminate the measurement incompatibility among three parameters. Although an ancilla system is necessary for the preparation of the optimal probe state, our scheme does not require the ancilla system to be noiseless. In addition, the control scheme in this paper has a low-dimensional code space. For the three components of a magnetic field, it can achieve the highest estimation precision with only a 2-dimensional code space, while at least a 4-dimensional code space is required in the common optimal error correction protocols.
Analysis of influencing factors of excitation parameters for magnetoacoustic tomography with current injection
Authors: Li Su , Liu Guoqiang , Guo Liang , Zhang Wenwei , Lu Chaosen , Xia Hui
Published: August 2022

Magneto-acoustic tomography with current injection (MAT-CI) is a type of hybrid imaging; under the excitation of the static magnetic field, the thermoacoustic effect and the Lorentz force effect will exist at the same time. Therefore, the detected signal is a mixed signal generated by the simultaneous action of the two effects, but the influence of excitation parameters on the two effects is different. In this paper, for objects with different conductivity, the proportion of thermoacoustic signal (TA) and magneto-acoustic signal (MA) in the mixed signal is quantitatively analyzed in terms of three aspects: the magnetic induction intensity, pulse excitation and injection current polarity. Experimental and simulation analyses show that the intensity ratio of MA to TA is not affected when the conductivity varies from 0.1 S/m to 1.5 S/m and other conditions remain unchanged. When the amplitude of the pulse excitation and the strength of the magnetic induction are different, the growth rates of MA and TA are different, which has a significant impact on the proportion of the two signals in the mixed signal. At the same time, due to the Lorentz force effect, MA is affected by the polarity of the injected current and the direction of the static magnetic field. The combination of the static magnetic field and the injected current can not only distinguish the two signals in the mixed signal, but also effectively enhance the intensity of the mixed signal and improve the quality of the reconstructed image.
One-dimensional sp carbon: Synthesis, properties, and modifications
Authors: Lv Chao-Fan , Yang Xi-Gui , Shan Chong-Xin
Published: August 2022

Carbyne, as the truly one-dimensional carbon allotrope with sp-hybridization, has attracted significant interest in recent years, showing potential applications in next-generation molecular devices due to its ultimate one-atom thinness. Various excellent properties of carbyne have been predicted, however, free-standing carbyne sample is extremely unstable and the corresponding experimental researches and modifications are under-developed compared to other known carbon allotropes. The synthesis of carbyne has been slowly developed for the past decades. Recently, there have been several breakthroughs in in-situ synthesis and measurement of carbyne related materials, as well as the preparation of ultra-long carbon chains toward infinite carbyne. These progresses have aroused widespread discussion in the academic community. In this review, the latest approaches in the synthesis of sp carbon are summarized. We then discuss its extraordinary properties, including mechanical, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties, especially focusing on the regulations of these properties. Finally, we provide a perspective on the development of carbyne.
Effect of weak randomness flaws on security evaluation of practical quantum key distribution with distinguishable decoy states
Authors: Zhou Yu , Li Hong-Wei , Zhou Chun , Wang Yang , Lu Yi-Fei , Jiang Mu-Sheng , Zhang Xiao-Xu , Bao Wan-Su
Published: August 2022

Quantum key distribution provides an unconditional secure key sharing method in theory, but the imperfect factors of practical devices will bring security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we characterize the imperfections of the sender and analyze the possible attack strategies of Eve. Firstly, we present a quantized model for distinguishability of decoy states caused by intensity modulation. Besides, considering that Eve may control the preparation of states through hidden variables, we evaluate the security of preparation in practical quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme based on the weak-randomness model. Finally, we analyze the influence of the distinguishability of decoy state to secure key rate, for Eve may conduct the beam splitting attack and control the channel attenuation of different parts. Through the simulation, it can be seen that the secure key rate is sensitive to the distinguishability of decoy state and weak randomness, especially when Eve can control the channel attenuation.
Enhanced photon emission by field emission resonances and local surface plasmon in tunneling junction
Authors: Li Jian-Mei , Hao Dong , Sun Li-Huan , Tang Xiang-Qian , An Yang , Shan Xin-Yan , Lu Xing-Hua
Published: August 2022

We investigated the photon emission spectra on Ag (111) surface excited by tunneling electrons using a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope in ultrahigh vacuum. Characteristic plasmon modes were illustrated as a function of the bias voltage. The one electron excitation process was revealed by the linear relationship between the luminescence intensity and the tunneling current. Luminescence enhancement is observed in the tunneling regime for the relatively high bias voltages, as well as at the field emission resonance with bias voltage increased up to 9 V. Presence of a silver (Ag) nanoparticle in the tunneling junction results in an abnormally strong photon emission at the high field emission resonances, which is explained by the further enhancement due to coupling between the localized surface plasmon and the vacuum. The results are of potential value for applications where ultimate enhancement of photon emission is desired.
Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect in RE
55Co30Al10Si5 (RE = Er and Tm) amorphous ribbons
Authors: Sun Hao , Wang Junfeng , Tian Lu , Gong Jianjian , Mo Zhaojun , Shen Jun , Shen Baogen
Published: August 2022

The magnetic and magnetocaloric effects (MCE) of the amorphous RE
55Co30Al10Si5 (RE = Er and Tm) ribbons were systematically investigated in this paper. Compounds with R = Er and Tm undergo a second-order magnetic phase transition from ferromagnetic (FM) to paramagnetic (PM) around Curie temperature T
C ∼ 9.3 K and 3 K, respectively. For Er55Co30Al10Si5 compound, an obvious magnetic hysteresis and thermal hysteresis were observed at low field below 6 K, possibly due to spin-glass behavior. Under the field change of 0 T–5 T, the maximum values of magnetic entropy change (

−
Δ

S
M

max

) reach as high as 15.6 J/kg⋅K and 15.7 J/kg⋅K for Er55Co30Al10Si5 and Tm55Co30Al10Si5 compounds, corresponding refrigerant capacity (RC) values are estimated as 303 J/kg and 189 J/kg, respectively. The large MCE makes amorphous RE
55Co30Al10Si5 (RE = Er and Tm) alloys become very attractive magnetic refrigeration materials in the low-temperature region.
Experimental realization of two-dimensional single-layer ultracold gases of 87Rb in an accordion lattice
Authors: Wang Liangwei , Wen Kai , Liu Fangde , Li Yunda , Wang Pengjun , Huang Lianghui , Chen Liangchao , Han Wei , Meng Zengming , Zhang Jing
Published: August 2022

We experimentally realize two-dimensional (2D) single-layer ultracold gases of 87Rb by dynamically tuning the periodicity of a standing wave, known as accordion lattice. In order to load 87Rb Bose–Einstein condensate into single dark fringe node of the blue detuning optical lattice, we reduce the lattice periodicity from 26.7 μm to 3.5 μm with the help of an acousto-optic deflector (AOD) to compress the three-dimensional BEC adiabatically into a flat and uniform quasi-2D single-layer. We describe the experimental procedure of the atoms loading into the accordion lattice in detail and present the characteristics of the quasi-2D ultracold gases. This setup provides an important platform for studying in- and out-of equilibrium physics, phase transition and 2D topological matter.
Oscillations for active sensing in olfaction: bioinspiration from insect antennal movements
Authors: Claverie Nicolas , Steinmann Thomas , Bandjee Mourad Jaffar , Buvat Pierrick , Casas Jérôme
Published: August 2022

Crustacean and insect antennal scanning movements have been postulated to increase odorant capture but the exact mechanisms as well as measures of efficiency are wanting. The aim of this work is to test the hypothesis that an increase in oscillation frequency of a simplified insect antenna model translates to an increase of odorant capture, and to quantify by how much and through which mechanism. We approximate the antennal movements of bumblebees, quantified in a previous study, by a vertical oscillatory movement of a cylinder in a homogeneous horizontal flow with odorants. We test our multiphysics flow and mass transfer numerical model with dedicated experiments using particle image velocimetry. A new entire translating experimental measurement setup containing an oil tank enables us to work at appropriate Strouhal and Reynolds numbers. Increasing antennal oscillating frequency does increase the odorant capture rate, up to 200%, proving this behavior being active sensing. This result holds however only up to a critical frequency. A decrease of efficiency characterizes higher frequencies, due to molecules depletion within oversampled regions, themselves defined by overlaying boundary layers. Despite decades of work on thermal and mass transfer studies on oscillating cylinders, no analogy with published cases was found. This is due to the unique flow regimes studied here, resulting from the combination of organ small size and low frequencies of oscillations. A theory for such flow regimes is thus to be developed, with applications to fundamental research on animal perception up to bioinspired olfaction.
Enhanced self-cleaning performance of bio-inspired micropillar-arrayed surface by shear
Authors: An Huazhen , Jia Ning , Wang Shuai , Peng Zhilong , Chen Shaohua
Published: August 2022

Inspired by the sliding behavior of gecko feet during climbing, the contribution of the shear effect to the self-cleaning performance of a bio-inspired micropillar-arrayed surface is studied through a load-shear-pull contact process. It is found that self-cleaning efficiency can be enhanced significantly by shear. The efficiency also depends on microparticle size. For the case of relatively large and small microparticles, self-cleaning efficiency increases first and then almost keeps a constant with the increase of shear distance at different preloads. For medium microparticles, shear can effectively improve self-cleaning efficiency only when the preload is small. The mechanical mechanism under such enhancement is mainly due to the varying contact states between microparticles and micropillars with the shear distance. When the shear distance is large enough, the final self-cleaning efficiency is not sensitive to shear distance anymore because the contact state reaches dynamic equilibrium. Based on such a self-cleaning mechanism of large microparticles, a simple and effective manipulator that can efficiently transfer solid particles is further proposed.
Comment on ‘Egypt’s water budget deficit and suggested mitigation policies for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam filling scenarios’
Authors: Wheeler Kevin , Jeuland Marc , Strzepek Kenneth , Hall Jim , Zagona Edith , Abdo Gamal , Basson Thinus , Blackmore Don , Block Paul , Whittington Dale
Published: August 2022

In their recent paper in ERL, ‘Egypt’s water budget deficit and suggested mitigation policies for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) filling scenarios,’ Heggy et al (2021 Environ. Res. Lett.
16 074022) paint an alarming picture of the water deficits and economic impacts for Egypt that will occur as a consequence of the filling of the GERD. Their median estimate is that filling the GERD will result in a water deficit in Egypt of ∼31 billion m3 yr−1. They estimate that under a rapid filling of the GERD over 3 yr, the Egyptian economy would lose US$51 billion and 4.74 million jobs, such that in 2024, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita would be 6% lower than under a counterfactual without the GERD. These and other numbers in Heggy et al (2021 Environ. Res. Lett.
16 074022) article are inconsistent with the best scientific and economic knowledge of the Nile Basin and are not a dependable source of information for policy-makers or the general public. In this response to Heggy et al (2021 Environ. Res. Lett.
16 074022) we draw on high quality peer-reviewed literature and appropriate modeling methods to identify and analyze many flaws in their article, which include (a) not accounting for the current storage level in the High Aswan Dam reservoir (b) inappropriately using a mass-balance approach that does not account for the Nile’s hydrology or how water is managed in Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia; (c) extreme and unfounded assumptions of reservoir seepage losses from the GERD; and (d) calculations of the economic implications for Egypt during the period of reservoir filling which are based on unfounded assumptions. In contrast to Heggy et al (2021 Environ. Res. Lett.
16 074022), robust scientific analysis has demonstrated that, whilst there is a risk of water shortages in Egypt if a severe drought were to occur at the same time as the GERD reservoir is filling, there is minimal risk of additional water shortages in Egypt during the filling period if flows in the Blue Nile are normal or above average. Moreover, the residual risks could be mitigated by effective and collaborative water management, should a drought occur.
Musculoskeletal tissues-on-a-chip: role of natural polymers in reproducing tissue-specific microenvironments
Authors: Petta D , D’Amora U , D’Arrigo D , Tomasini M , Candrian C , Ambrosio L , Moretti M
Published: August 2022

Over the past years, 3D in vitro models have been widely employed in the regenerative medicine field. Among them, organ-on-a-chip technology has the potential to elucidate cellular mechanism exploiting multichannel microfluidic devices to establish 3D co-culture systems that offer control over the cellular, physico-chemical and biochemical microenvironments. To deliver the most relevant cues to cells, it is of paramount importance to select the most appropriate matrix for mimicking the extracellular matrix of the native tissue. Natural polymers-based hydrogels are the elected candidates for reproducing tissue-specific microenvironments in musculoskeletal tissue-on-a-chip models owning to their interesting and peculiar physico-chemical, mechanical and biological properties. Despite these advantages, there is still a gap between the biomaterials complexity in conventional tissue engineering and the application of these biomaterials in 3D in vitro microfluidic models. In this review, the aim is to suggest the adoption of more suitable biomaterials, alternative crosslinking strategies and tissue engineered-inspired approaches in organ-on-a-chip to better mimic the complexity of physiological musculoskeletal tissues. Accordingly, after giving an overview of the musculoskeletal tissue compositions, the properties of the main natural polymers employed in microfluidic systems are investigated, together with the main musculoskeletal tissues-on-a-chip devices.
Micro-level analysis of climate-smart agriculture adoption and effect on household food security in semi-arid Nakasongola District in Uganda
Authors: Egeru Anthony , Bbosa Martha Mwesiga , Siya Aggrey , Asiimwe Robert , Mugume Isaac
Published: August 2022

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is fronted as a sustainable, transformative, and technologically innovative approach that increases agricultural productivity, income and enhances greenhouse gas mitigation. However, there is limited micro-level evidence on the effects of the adoption of CSA on food security despite intensified promotion efforts in Uganda. A cross-sectional household survey among 165 respondents, undertaken in August–September 2020, was used to collect requisite data. Principal component analysis (PCA) with iteration and varimax rotation and analysis of variance were used in characterizing CSA practices. An ordered logit model was applied to identify the reported levels of CSA utility. Meanwhile, an endogenous switching regression was adopted to determine the effect of CSA adoption on household food security. Results showed that households used a combination of practices, including soil and water management, pasture management, livestock productivity and disease management. The PCA results revealed six major categories for the 16 most commonly used CSA practice combinations. The key factors that influenced the adoption of CSA practices among households included; access to climate information, total livestock units, ownership of non-livestock assets, and participation in off-farm activities. Results also revealed that the expected food consumption scores (FCS) for adopters and non-adopters were 53.87 and 66.92 respectively. However, when adopters and non-adopters were compared, we found that the adopters of CSA practices would have had a significantly lower counterfactual FCS had they not adopted CSA. While the adoption levels of CSA in this study is low, the counterfactual effects have shown that households that adopted CSA would have had a lower FCS and therefore lower food security status had they not adopted CSA. We recommend CSA promotional efforts that give more attention to combined CSA practices and respond to local production constraints.
Nonradiality of second eigenfunctions of the fractional Laplacian in a ball
Authors: Benedikt Jiří , Bobkov Vladimir , Dhara Raj , Girg Petr
Published: August 2022

Using symmetrization techniques, we show that, for every

N
≥
2

N \geq 2

, any second eigenfunction of the fractional Laplacian in the

N
N

-dimensional unit ball with homogeneous Dirichlet conditions is nonradial, and hence its nodal set is an equatorial section of the ball.