bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Foreign Experience in Teaching Driving and Developing Driving Competencies
Authors: Zubova Y.V.
Published: September 2023

Currently, it is becoming increasingly important to study progressive methods of teaching driving. This article presents a comparative analysis of traditional and progressive approaches to driving education, using the GDE (Goals for Driving Education) matrix of driving education goals as a comparative criterion. An analysis of the rationale for a progressive approach based on the theories of foreign authors was carried out. The advantages of a progressive approach to driving education open up opportunities to bring the process of driver training to a new level — the formation of not only driving skills, but also the development of self-efficacy skills — the driver's self-assessment of his/her capabilities and limitations when driving, assessing the level of risk of his/her actions, confidence in his/her abilities. Driver self-efficacy skills serve to make driving safer in a road traffic environment. The analysis of international experience indicates that driving training within the framework of only one approach cannot fully meet the need for the development of cognitive skills of various levels and fully meet all the goals of the driver training model according to the matrix-GDE. To implement all the goals set for driving training and aimed at developing a wide range of driving competencies, an integrated approach is required.
Current Trends in the Study of Emotional Burnout Phenomenon
Authors: Bulgakov A.V.
Published: September 2023

The article presents a review of current trends in empirical research of the phenomenon of emotional burnout over the last 5 years, which were on display in the ScienceDirect catalogue. As a result of the analysis three topical directions of burnout research were identified. The first one is connected with a role of emotional intelligence in a burnout occurrence. It was established that a person's understanding of his/her own and other people's emotions and managing them can help to overcome and prevent emotional burnout. The second direction investigates the role of emotional work in a burnout. It was found that a person's ability to direct his/her emotions and to use different strategies of their expression can help to reduce burnout, and "psychological flexibility" provides an opportunity to prevent the onset of emotional burnout. The third direction is related to a person's social identity. The link between a person's social identity and a reduction of burnout is demonstrated, the role of psychological connection to the group and social identity strengthening in the reduction of emotional burnout is shown. The growing interest in the role and place of a person's identity in burnout is especially emphasized in the review. The article presents perspectives for further research of a burnout phenomenon.
«NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS» Aktualema as the Subject of Translingual Communication: Means and Methods of Explication in Network Texts
Authors: Ledeneva V.V. , Prokopova D.V.
Published: September 2023

«NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS» aktualema is reviewed in the article as an instance of translingual communication, the subject of which is worldwide, and not only national, heritage.
Development of Software to Test Transitivity of Fuzzy Relations
Authors: Smerchinskaya S.O. , Kiselev D.M.
Published: September 2023

The problem of fuzzy relation transitivity checking and transitive closure finding is considered in the paper. Solution algorithms are formulated and corresponding software is described. A logical scheme is given.
Superellipsoidal Approximations in the Speed-in-action Problem for a Two-dimensional Linear Discrete System with Bounded Control
Authors: Ibragimov D.N. , Podgornaya V.M.
Published: September 2023

The paper considers a two-dimensional linear discrete system with bounded control. For the system, the problem of speed is solved, that is, the construction of a control process that transfers the system from the initial state to the origin in the minimum number of steps. If the set of acceptable control values has a superellipse structure, then the problem of calculating optimal control can be reduced to solving a system of algebraic equations. A superellipsoidal approximation method has been developed for sets of arbitrary structure. Examples are considered in the paper.
Analysis of the Pedagogical Experiment Results on the Implementation of Distance Learning Technologies in the Teaching of Mathematical Disciplines for Technical Specialties of Universities
Authors: Martyushova Y.G.
Published: September 2023

The article considers the results of a pedagogical experiment on the implementation of modern distance educational technologies in the teaching of mathematical disciplines to students of technical specialties of higher education. As a basis for the experiment, an electronic textbook on the course "Theory of the function of a complex variable" was used. It was used as part of the distance learning system CLASS.NET to teach this discipline at the Moscow Aviation Institute. The article presents the results of the preliminary statistical analysis of the homogeneity of experimental and control groups of students and the results of their questionnaire in order to identify the motivation for the use of distance learning tools in the educational process. A comparative analysis of the current ratings of students of experimental and control groups, calculated at the time of conducting control measures during the semester, is provided. The effectiveness of using the developed distance learning technology (LMS) in the educational process is confirmed by the results of statistical studies of the final assessments of students obtained during full-time testing.
Parent-Preschooler Kid’s Activities in the time of COVID-19 Outbreak: an Autoethnography on Child’s Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Nugraha D.S. , Rafly Z. , Boeriswati E. , Hasanah E.U.
Published: September 2023

The present study reported a life experience of a teacher family in Indonesia with a 4-year-old daughter. The observation occurred from March 2020 to July 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. This stay-at-home moment became an opportunity to create more parent-kid preschooler bonding and interaction that could impact the developing children language. Indonesian is our family native language (L1); therefore, the exposure started earlier for the kids. However, as parent-kid interaction was enhanced during the pandemic, we boosted our kid English (L2) with a variety of Edu-home activities such as reading aloud, storytelling, role-playing, and watching YouTube-kid. Her language production was documented, and the progress was analyzed. The aim was to generate a more profound understanding of our roles as parents in scaffolding the acceleration of preschoolers' English development, especially in creating meaningful activities. Going through an autoethnography, we reflect on our practice to know how the family members played the role of a language catalyst and which activities were taken more into account.
Student's Choice of an Individual Educational Trajectory: Subjective Position and Selection Strategies
Authors: Morozova I.S. , Bugrova N.A. , Kretsan Z.V. , Evseenkova E.V.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the study of students' ideas about the choice of an individual educational trajectory. The features of the digital transformation of education are determined, the parameters of subjectivity as a conscious attitude of the student acting as a participant in globalization processes are described. Interpretations of the concept of choice and its determining factors are considered. It is assumed that students' ideas about the choice of an individual educational trajectory are characterized by partial formation and differ depending on the direction of training. 218 first-year students were examined. It is shown that students' ideas about the individual educational trajectory are quite meaningful and adequate. At the same time, the understanding of the essence of choice and their participation in its implementation are fragmented. The differences in the understanding of the phenomena of "individual educational trajectory" (X2emp.=13,9, p≤0,05) and "digital educational environment" (X2emp.=12,5, p≤0,05) by students of different directions are shown. It is described that the phenomenon of "individual educational trajectory" is understood by students quite well (less than 15% of incorrect answers), while students of technical and pedagogical directions give more correct answers than students studying natural sciences and social sciences.
Cross-Cultural Study of the Characteristics of Students' Self-Concept
Authors: Lebedeva N.V. , Vasilyeva E.D.
Published: September 2023

Personal Self-concept can be viewed as an antecedent of ones’ educational and career achievements. It is a complex multidimensional construct. This study examines aspects of academic self-esteem: mathematical and verbal. An important factor influencing the formation of self-esteem is the environment – cultural values and economic development of the country. Previous empirical studies have shown differences in overall self-esteem among individuals from individualistic and collectivistic cultures. We decided to investigate self-esteem in more details and consider the differences and similarities in self-esteem by two factors "Mathematical self-esteem" and "Verbal self-esteem" of students from Russia and Kyrgyzstan. These countries share a common historical background and a similar educational system, but differ at the cultural level. This pilot study was conducted among students from Russia and Kyrgyzstan, using the questionnaire "Self Description Questionnaire". The research sample included 510 undergraduate students aged 18 to 27 years (60% – Russia, 40% – Kyrgyzstan). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Cohen's d to determine the effect size for significant differences between the means. The results of the study indicate a higher level of mathematical self-concept among students from Russia, which can be explained by differences in cultural dimensions – individualism and collectivism. At the same time, no significant differences in verbal self-esteem were found. This is due to its complexity. So, the communicative aspect of verbal self-esteem is more pronounced in the Eastern culture, and the speech aspect – in the Western one.
Potential of Professional Thinking and Emotional Burnout in the Professions of Socionomic Type
Authors: Serafimovich I.V.
Published: September 2023

The analysis of specific features of professional thinking and emotional exhaustion among teachers and doctors in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The growing demand for practical social psychological support of members of “person to person” professions during the unstable epidemiological situation due to COVID-19 have preconditioned the consideration of emotional exhaustion in the terms of interconnection with professional thinking that is able to contribute new professional and personal meaning to the activity process, thus becoming the cognitive resource that balances the levels and components of emotional exhaustion. The method of content analysis and expert evaluation alongside with mathematical statistical methods, such as correlation method of Charles Spearman and Student’s t-distribution, were used. Participants: 55 people, the members of professions of socionomic type, 25 teachers and 30 doctors, length of time worked – 10-25 years, men – 30%, women – 70%. The methods of studying the specific features of emotional exhaustion (V.V. Boyko; Christina Maslach, S. Jackson, adapted by N.E. Vodopiyanova) and components of professional thinking (the author’s method of self-analysis of the problem situation by I.V. Serafimovich and M.M. Kashapov). It has been demonstrated that suprasituatedness of thinking is negatively correlated with emotional burnout, while situatedness is positively correlated with it. It has been specified that the emotional burnout is more pronounced in doctors. It has been identified that adequacy and sufficiency of analysis of a problem situation are positively associated with the self-esteem of professional success and self-satisfaction, whereas validity is associated with the capability to cope with psychologically destructive circumstances. Under the high efficiency of analysis emotional involvement reduces, and when increasing the depth of analysis emotional burnout enhances. The obtained results about the partial connection of components of professional thinking and signs of emotional exhaustion can be used as the arguments for the author’s position of the ability of usage of thinking as a cognitive resource for solving practical problems.
The Relationship between the Need for Security and Its Personal Meanings among University Students
Authors: Tylets V.G. , Krasnyanskaya T.M.
Published: September 2023

The need for security as a powerful motivator causes a wide range of behavioral activity of the subject. Understanding the relationship between the need for security and personal security meanings can help to increase the accuracy of its prediction. The purpose of this study was to establish the features of this relationship among university students. His hypothesis was that the connection of the need for security with the personal meanings of the category "security" in university students can be determined by the subject, the strength and frequency of occurrence of this need and the content of the personal meanings of the category "security". The sample included 120 students (54,2% girls and 45,8% boys) of several Moscow universities aged 18 to 21 years (M=19,6 years, SD=1,5). The research possibilities of methods of associative experiment, analysis of products of activity, subjective scaling are used. The study confirmed the relationship between the need for security and personal meanings of security among university students. The complexity of the students' need for security is indicated. Students assign the greatest subjective significance and frequency of occurrence to clearly localized, specific varieties of security needs. The subjective significance of the need for security for students diverges from the frequency of its occurrence. The connection of the students' need for security with the personal meanings of security formed in them is revealed. The relationship between the subjective significance of the need for security and personal meanings of security among students is more versatile than the relationship between the frequency of the need for security and personal meanings of security.
The Relationship of Interests in One's Own Education and the Formation of the Ability to Make a Choice in Adolescence
Authors: Shilova N.P.
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of a study of the relationship between the stability of educational interests of boys and girls with awareness of choosing their own future and satisfaction with the choice made in adolescence. The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between the choice of one's own future and the stability of interests in one's own education. The hypothesis is based on the assumption that satisfaction with the choice of the future is interconnected with a high stability of interests in one's own education. The following methods were used: the electronic version of the "Four Quarters" methodology (authors N.P. Vasilyeva, E.V. Nikitina, B.I. Hasan); the self-determination test (author K. Sheldon, in the version of E.N. Osin); the test "Subjective quality of choosing a training profile" (authors D.A. Leontiev, E.Y. Mandrikova, A.H. Pham). The sample consisted of 686 teenagers and boys/girls from 14 to 21 years old. The analysis showed the relationship between the stability of the choice of compulsory education subjects with a sense of control over one's own life and a sense of conformity of one's own life to oneself. People with high stability of interests have made an independent and voluntary choice, are satisfied with it and feel positive emotions of interest in connection with it with indicators of formed choice since the age of 19. The findings demonstrated that: girls and boys, with a high level of stability of interests among young people aged 19 and over, education allows them to realize that their life as a whole meets their expectations, they have confidence in the independence of their choice and personal control over their lives, they feel satisfaction and positive emotions from what they have done choosing the future.
Contemporary Preschoolers’ Fears through the Eyes of Their Parents: The Results of an Empirical Study
Authors: Kochetova Y.A. , Rubtsova O.V. , Husnutdinova M.R. , Boguslavskaya E.V.
Published: September 2023

The article focuses on the results of an empirical study of preschoolers’ fears through the eyes of their parents. The research was conducted on the basis of the Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Contemporary Childhood in MSUPE in November 2022 – February 2023. Research methods included a questionnaire for parents of preschoolers elaborated by the research group and “Method of Regulating Fears and Anxiety in Children” by T. Rudskaya. 366 parents of preschoolers from different regions of the Russian Federation took part in the survey. The research provides information about the peculiarities of fears in contemporary Russian preschoolers, as well as on the association between children’s fears and such aspects of upbringing strategies as parents’ reactions to children’s fears and children’s “bad” behavior. In general, the empirical data testifies, that preschoolers’ fears are profoundly connected with the quality of parent-child interactions, which agrees with the results of Russian and foreign researchers.
About Genesis of Collective Subjectivity in The Activity of Technological Club (to The Research Program)
Authors: Gromyko Y.V. , Ustilovskaya A.A.
Published: September 2023

The paper presents the results of studying the activities of technology clubs operating in different regions of Russia. Based on the materials of the All-Russian competition of technological clubs, the objectives, content and forms of organization of activities, the team of the circle, history and traditions, the nature of the interaction of participants and some other issues were analyzed. The characteristics of activity common to technological clubs are highlighted and illustrative examples are given. The concept of “joint consciousness of the club team” is introduced to describe a phenomenon that manifests itself in most effectively working technological clubs. From the point of view of the authors, the presence of a joint consciousness of the members of the club simultaneously affects the development of each participant and the group as a whole. Joint consciousness is a prerequisite for the formation of collective subjectivity. The collective subjectivity that arises in the understanding and reflection of the members of the circle club, in turn, changes the form of the organization of consciousness, in which ideal elements shred between all members of the club appear – goals, values, means of organizing joint activities, tasks to be solved. The authors of the article propose a program for further research of the phenomenon of joint consciousness as the basis of the shared membership in the club and the process of the emergence of collective subjectivity.
Personality Predictors of Cyber-Victimization and Cyber-Bullying in Adolescence
Authors: Vikhman A.A.
Published: September 2023

The article presents an empirical study of personality predictors of cyber-victimization and cyber-bullying in adolescence. There is a shortage of domestic (Russian) studies of individual psychological predictors of both cyber victimization and cyber aggression. To overcome this deficit, an empirical study was organized on a sample of 220 students of secondary specialized and higher educational institutions (age range from 16 to 22 years old, average age 18.3). There is a strong gender bias towards the female in the sample. Using the adapted Cyberbullying and Online Aggression Survey S. Hinduja, J.W. Patchin we measured indicators of cyber-victimization and cyber-aggression among students. To diagnose personality traits, the Russian-language version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI) questionnaire was used. As a result of step-by-step regression analysis, several reliable models of personality traits were built that predict cyber victimization and cyber aggression. Cyber-victimhood predicts declining conscientiousness (β = -0.197) and increasing openness to new experiences (β = 0.148) and neuroticism (β = 0.145). Cyberbullying predicts declining conscientiousness (β = -0.227), benevolence (β = -0.178), and increasing extraversion (β = 0.171). The special role of the lack of conscientiousness, the only personality trait that affects both phenomena at once, is discussed. Analysis of personal predictors of cyber-victimhood in the domestic sample of students as a whole shows a similar picture with the available foreign data. Based on the identified models, it became possible to build preventive programs to reduce cyberbullying in adolescence.
Psychological Foundations of Psychological and Pedagogical Prevention of Extremism and Protest Behavior among Young People
Authors: Pazukhina S.V.
Published: September 2023

The work is aimed at clarifying the status of the concepts of “extremism”, “protest behavior” among young people from a psychological point of view and identifying their predictors. Analytical materials concerning the tendencies of extremism development at the present time, factors, types, causes, mechanisms, signs of the formation of extremist attitudes in the mind of a young person are presented. The scheme of the influence of extremist ideology on a young person is substantiated, reflecting the stages of development of extremist behavior in him. As predictors of the development of extremist attitudes and protest behavior, which make it possible to predict and timely prevent these negative manifestations, the following are highlighted: 1) age-psychological, psychophysiological features of young people due to the natural processes of their development, as well as socio-personal, determined by the social environment and upbringing; 2) knowledge of the reasons that determine the individual susceptibility of young people to the influence of extremist ideology; 3) socio-personal resource of subjects of educational relations. The author’s model of psychological and pedagogical prevention of youth extremism through the development of social and personal resources of subjects of educational relations, as well as empirical data of its approbation in practice, is described. The main directions of psychological and pedagogical prevention of extremism in the youth environment are work on a low level of external stimulation and overcoming the deficit of internal self-regulation, work on the development of subjectivity, self-activity of the individual, internal motivation of positive self-realization in socially significant activities. Technologies for their implementation are proposed for each of the directions.
Personal Correlates of Dependence on Social Networks of Belarusian and Russian Men and Women
Authors: Sheinov V. , Belykh T.V. , Nizovskikh N.A. , Dziavitsyn A.S.
Published: September 2023

Objective. Identification and analysis of personal correlates of dependence on social networks in Belarusian and Russian respondents.
Context and relevance. Social networks have now become very popular as a means of communication, but their excessive use is associated with the psychological risks of addiction. Identification of the relationship between addiction to social networks and the personal characteristics of their active users can contribute to the timely prevention of addictive behavior.
Study design. The study was carried out using a socio-psychological survey to identify a set of personality characteristics and their relationship with indicators of dependence on social networks in Russian and Belarusian men and women separately.
Participants. The 766 respondents: 404 Belarusians (74,3% women) and 362 Russians (65,7% women). The average age of the participants was 20,5 years (SD = 5,4).
Methods (tools). The personality questionnaires; the analysis of the correlations of social media addiction with impulsivity, narcissism, exposure to manipulation, assertiveness, and smartphone addiction.
Results. The dependence on social networks in all respondents is positively correlated with impulsivity and dependence on a smartphone (smartphone addiction). The correlate social media addiction and assertiveness, narcissism, and vulnerability to manipulation differs between Belarusian and Russian men and women.
Conclusions. The correlations of dependence on social networks with the personal characteristics of users revealed during the study can be taken into account in explanatory, preventive and corrective work.
Facial Expression Recognition Techniques and Comparative Analysis Using Classification Algorithms
Authors: BALLIKAYA Gamze , KAYA Duygu
Published: September 2023

With the development of technology and hardware possibilities, it has become possible to analyze the changes that occur as a result of the reflection of emotional state on facial expression with computer vision applications. Facial expression analysis systems are used in applications such as security systems, early diagnosis of certain diseases in the medical world, human-computer interaction, safe driving. Facial expression analysis systems developed using image data consist of 3 basic stages. These; extracting the face area from the input data, extracting the feature vectors of the data and classifying the feature vectors. In this study, the features of the dataset were obtained with the AlexNet model, which is one of the deep learning models that achieved successful results in classification problems. In the study in which the comparative analysis of the obtained results is presented, accuracy of 89.7%, 87.8% and 81.7% was obtained with machine learning techniques.
Geotechnical and Structural Investigations in Malatya Province after Kahramanmaraş Earthquake on February 6, 2023
Authors: YILDIZ Özgür , KINA Ceren
Published: September 2023

Two earthquakes with moment magnitudes of 7.7 and 7.6 occured on February 6, 2023, at 04:17 a.m. (with local time, GMT+3) in Kahramanmaraş-Ekinözü Pazarcık and at 13:24 p.m. (with local time, GMT+3) in Kahramanmaraş-Elbistan, respectively, in Turkey. The earthquake was felt in a wide area within Turkey and caused structural destructions and heavy damage of buildings, especially in eleven cities including Adana, Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Kilis, Malatya, Osmaniye, Şanlıurfa and Elazığ. The aim of this study was to present the detailed field investigation in Malatya province which was one of the most affected city in the region. The strong ground motion records have been analyzed and PGA distribution maps were presented. Structural defects in damaged and collapsed buildings were examined, and design and manufacturing defects were examined. The performance of soil structures was examined, and the defects demonstrated were evaluated in the context of the geological environment. The study is essential in terms of evaluating the damage and possible causes of the building stock in Malatya city center and its districts after the earthquake. In this sense, a holistic evaluation has been carried out, which can be a useful resource for Anatolian cities with typical building characteristics.
Non-Destructive Prediction of Bread Staling Using Artificial Intelligence Methods
Authors: ARGUN Mustafa Şamil , TÜRK Fuat , KURT Abdullah
Published: September 2023

In foods with limited shelf life and in new product development studies, it is important for producers and consumers to estimate the degree of staling with easy methods. Staling of bread, which has an essential role in human nutrition, is an important physicochemical phenomenon that affects consumer preference. Costly technologies, such as rheological, thermal, and spectroscopic approaches, are used to determine the degree of staling. This research suggests that an artificial intelligence-based method is more practical and less expensive than these methods. Using machine learning and deep learning algorithms, it was attempted to predict how many days old breads are, which provides information on the freshness status and degree of staling, from photos of whole bread and pieces of bread. Among the machine learning algorithms, the highest accuracy rate for slices of bread was calculated as 62.84% with Random Forest, while the prediction accuracy was lower for all bread images. The training accuracy rate for both slice and whole bread was determined to be 99% when using the convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. While the test results for whole breads were around 56.6%, those for sliced breads were 92.3%. The results of deep learning algorithms were superior to those of machine learning algorithms. The results indicate that crumb images reflect staling more accurately than whole bread images.
An Investigation of the Strength Properties of Fly Ash and Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Mortars Containing Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube, Nano Silica, and Nano Zinc
Authors: SELOĞLU Maksut , TANYILDIZI Harun , ÖNCÜ Mehmet Emin
Published: September 2023

In this study, the mechanical properties of geopolymer mortar composites containing different nanomaterials were investigated. Metakaolin (MK) and fly ash (FA) were used as binders in geopolymer mortar samples. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (12 M) were used as alkali activators. Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MW-CNT), nano-SiO2 (NS), and nano-ZnO (NZ) were used in the study. Geopolymer mortar samples without nanomaterials were determined as control samples, and geopolymer mortar samples containing 0.5% by weight of MW-CNT, NS, and NZ were prepared. All prepared samples were cured at 20±2 °C laboratory conditions for 7 days and 28 days. The curing geopolymer mortar samples were carried out with compressive strength and flexural strength tests. As a result of this study, the mechanical strength of all geopolymer mortar samples containing nanomaterials increased compared to the control samples. The highest compressive strength and flexural strength were obtained from geopolymer mortar samples containing MW-CNT. These samples were followed by geopolymer mortar samples containing NS and NZ, respectively.
Breast Cancer Segmentation from Ultrasound Images Using ResNext-based U-Net Model
Authors: KATAR Oğuzhan , YILDIRIM Özal
Published: September 2023

Breast cancer is a type of cancer caused by the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells in the breast tissue. Differentiating between benign and malignant tumors is critical in the detection and treatment of breast cancer. Traditional methods of cancer detection by manual analysis of radiological images are time-consuming and error-prone due to human factors. Modern approaches based on image classifier deep learning models provide significant results in disease detection, but are not suitable for clinical use due to their black-box structure. This paper presents a semantic segmentation method for breast cancer detection from ultrasound images. First, an ultrasound image of any resolution is divided into 256×256 pixel patches by passing it through an image cropping function. These patches are sequentially numbered and given as input to the model. Features are extracted from the 256×256 pixel patches with pre-trained ResNext models placed in the encoder network of the U-Net model. These features are processed in the default decoder network of the U-Net model and estimated at the output with three different pixel values: benign tumor areas (1), malignant tumor areas (2) and background areas (0). The prediction masks obtained at the output of the decoder network are combined sequentially to obtain the final prediction mask. The proposed method is validated on a publicly available dataset of 780 ultrasound images of female patients. The ResNext-based U-Net model achieved 73.17% intersection over union (IoU) and 83.42% dice coefficient (DC) on the test images. ResNext-based U-Net models perform better than the default U-Net model. Experts could use the proposed pixel-based segmentation method for breast cancer diagnosis and monitoring.
Management of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: challenges and strategies for optimal outcomes
Authors: Yoon Jae Hyun , Choi Sung Kyu
Published: September 2023

Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with a poor prognosis, management of early-stage HCC is often successful with highly efficacious treatment modalities such as liver transplantation, surgical resection, and radiofrequency ablation. However, unfavorable clinical outcomes have been observed under certain circumstances, even after efficient treatment. Factors that predict unsuitable results after treatment include tumor markers, inflammatory markers, imaging findings reflecting tumor biology, specific outcome indicators for each treatment modality, liver functional reserve, and the technical feasibility of the treatment modalities. Various strategies may overcome these challenges, including the application of reinforced treatment indication criteria with predictive markers reflecting tumor biology, compensation for technical issues with up-to-date technologies, modification of treatment modalities, downstaging with locoregional therapies (such as transarterial chemotherapy or radiotherapy), and recently introduced combination immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss the challenges to achieving optimal outcomes in the management of early-stage HCC and suggest strategies to overcome these obstacles.
COVID-19 Perceptions Among North Carolina Native Americans: Using a Qualitative Approach
Authors: Shi Xinyan , Mehng SiAhn , Locklear Alice Kay , Kang Zhixin , Locklear Tracie , Locklear Mary Beth , Jacobs Mary Ann , Maynor Tammy , Gao Guanlin , Kumar Deepak
Published: September 2023

Background

COVID-19 has amplified the health and economic disparities in Native American communities. However, there are limited data from Native American populations. This study is the first phase of the Building Resilience And Vital Equity (BRAVE) project, the scope of which is to understand Indigenous perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors about COVID-19 and design and implement culturally sensitive interventions to increase testing and vaccinations among Native American communities.

Method

We recruited 26 Native Americans and conducted open-ended, semi-structured interviews to explore participants’ perceptions of COVID-19 and related themes, such as needed support, informational sources, trust, communication, and protection of elders.

Results

The results show that wearing a mask, hand sanitizing, and social distancing had very high support while perceptions of testing and vaccination decisions were mixed. Additionally, two themes stand out: the lack of reliable information resources to learn about COVID-19 and the lack of trust in the government.

Limitation

This study included a small sample size, which makes it difficult to include participants from diverse demographic backgrounds. Lack of familiarity with the online meeting format and the limited internet access in some indigenous communities may have prevented some people from participating.

Conclusion

The findings confirmed the need to improve existing public health information infrastructure and helped explain the intensified impact of COVID-19 on the Indigenous marginalized community. The findings help identify the key factors that affect Native Americans’ testing and vaccination decisions and provide guidance on the designs of community intervention programs.
Pensamiento estratégico y lógica de programación: El caso salud
Authors: Testa Mario
Published: September 2023

Durante los primeros meses de 1986 tuve la oportunidad de discutir con algunas compañeras y compañeros del Departamento de Planificación y Administración de la Escuela Nacional de Salud de la Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, en Río de Janeiro, los materiales correspondientes al libro Pensar en salud. En esas conversaciones surgieron, como es natural, numerosos interrogantes, cuestionamientos y propuestas que abrían espacios de reflexión en torno a puntos oscuros o simplemente no tratados en el material analizado. Las preguntas que intento responder aquí partieron de una fundamental: ¿cuál es la relación entre la estrategia y la programación?, pregunta que es otra manera de interrogarse acerca de cómo se supera el nivel de la crítica que es el que sienta el tono de Pensar en salud para transformarse en base de sustentación de propuestas que no renuncien a ninguna de las dos críticas implícitas (a veces explícitas) en ese texto: la de la salud y la de la sociedad. Este texto debe mucho, más de lo que está en mis posibilidades expresar, a las discusiones mencionadas. Espero sinceramente, con toda la Sinceridad y la esperanza de que soy capaz, que este trabajo resulte un aporte para poner —como digo en un escrito previo— la ciencia social en manos del pueblo, única manera de hacer de la misma algo útil y necesario en el largo y tortuoso camino hacia la liberación.
COVID-19 e saúde mental: preocupações de estudantes do ensino superior do estado do Ceará
Authors: Oliveira Eliany Nazaré , Pereira Paulo , de Almeida Paulo César , Regino Oliveira Flávia , Petra Mororó Ziesemer Ravena , Monte Lima Muniz Lidiane , Monteiro da Silva Lídia Cristina , Cavalcante Costa João Breno , Ferreira Lima Gleisson
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: Objetivou-se apresentar as principais preocupações de estudantes do ensino superior do estado do Ceará, durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Metodologia: Trata-se de recorte de pesquisa maior denominada “Repercussões da pandemia do novo coronavírus na saúde mental dos estudantes de ensino superior”. Estudo descritivo e exploratório que utilizou abordagem transversal. A pesquisa contou com amostra de 3.691 alunos que participaram do estudo. Devido ao contexto da pandemia, a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio remoto, via Google Forms. Resultados: O estado de Saúde Mental, de forma global, as dimensões Bem-Estar Positivo e Distresse e as dimensões primárias apresentaram tendência para diminuir com o aumento da preocupação com a continuidade do curso de forma presencial. O estudo apresentou insegurança por parte dos estudantes universitários quanto ao retorno das aulas e de como seria o “novo normal”. Quanto ao medo de ser infectado e em relação à preocupação ao sair de casa, respectivamente, 76,72% e 84,85% apresentaram estado de saúde mental inferior, demonstrando, assim, como a pandemia fragilizou a saúde mental. Conclusão: Os resultados apresentaram validação estatisticamente significativas tanto para a Escala global quanto para as dimensões primárias. À vista desse panorama, constata-se o quanto a pandemia e o isolamento social repercutiram em emoções de medo e preocupação, estes sentimentos  interferiram negativamente na saúde mental dos  estudantes  pesquisados.
Regionalização da saúde no Rio Grande do Sul: aspectos históricos e organizacionais
Authors: Farfan Barroso Priscila , Quevedo André Luis Alves de , De Arruda Pereira Galvão Beatriz , Chisini Coutinho Lütz Karen , Chioro Arthur , Guimarães Cristian Fabiano
Published: September 2023

O artigo analisa os marcos legais e normativos construídos pelo Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), a partir das legislações federais, bem como destaca as escolhas e os caminhos traçados na gestão estadual para implementação da regionalização da saúde, de 1935 até o ano de 2020. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, utilizando documentos e normativas do Sistema Único de Saúde, disponíveis em sites públicos e nos arquivos internos da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A primeira fase compreendeu o período de estabelecimento da Secretaria de Saúde, de 1935 até 2000. A segunda fase abarca o Plano Diretor de Regionalização no RS, de 2002, passando pela implementação do Pacto pela Saúde, de 2006, e seus desdobramentos até 2009. E, a terceira fase, deu-se a partir da Portaria nº 4.279/2010 e do Decreto nº 7.508/2011, com a criação de uma nova configuração territorial para as regiões de saúde no Estado, objetivando a implementação das Redes de Atenção à Saúde. Conclui-se que no Estado do RS, a regionalização da saúde acompanhou as normativas federais, tendo configurações próprias da burocracia estatal.
Role and Effect of Migrant Workers on Economic Rationalization and the Unorganized Sector in Kerala
Authors: Nair Nitin Kumar , Cherian Jijo K. , Kamal  , Suresha S. , Ramalakshmi V.
Published: September 2023

Recently, there has been a significant arrival of migrant labourers from various parts of India to Kerala, attracted by higher wages, abundant job opportunities, and a shortage of local workers. This study aims to explore the impact of migrant workers on Kerala’s economy and labour market, examining their professional and personal benefits. Employing a descriptive research approach, the study heavily relies on secondary sources from print and digital media, including books, journals, newspapers, articles, and government databases. It analyzes the effect of migration on economic rationalization and assesses the economic and social advantages brought about by migration. Parameters such as the number of migrant employees, labour force participation rate, worker-population ratio, and wage rates are investigated. The study anticipates a substantial increase in migrant workers in the Kerala economy, from 650,000 in 2011 to 31,500,000 in 2020. It also reveals improvements in earnings and employment prospects, particularly in the construction industry (60%), manufacturing sector (8%), lodging and food services (7%), commerce (2%), and agriculture (2%). Migration enhances living conditions, enriches social lives, and promotes intergroup harmony through exposure to diverse cultures, traditions, and languages.
Food Security and Human Health
Authors: Gupta Aradhna , Kaicker Anju
Published: September 2023

Eradication of hunger is one of the sustainable development goals listed by the United Nations. By 2050 the expected world population would be 10 billion and to provide food for all, we need to prioritize food security. A robust food security ecosystem will help to ensure that hygienic, nutritious food is available to the general population of a country. A decrease in the production of nutritious and safe food or limited purchasing power of consumers leads to food insecurity. Individuals facing financial constraints are affected the most because of food insecurity and hence are at a high risk of hunger and malnutrition. A deficiency, excess or imbalance of certain nutrients in the diet leads to malnutrition. Malnutrition is often used synonymously with undernutrition, which can be because of a deficiency of protein and/or micronutrients in the diet. Among the micronutrients, iron, zinc, and folic acid deficiency is very prevalent and the leading cause of undernutrition. Protein-energy malnutrition leads to conditions like Marasmus and Kwashiorkor. The common infectious diseases associated with undernutrition are pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria, measles, and AIDS. Thus, food insecurity poses challenges not only to addressing public health but also affects the overall economic growth and socio-political stability of any nation. Hence at the global level, several programmes have been envisioned by the World Health Organization and United Nations Standing Committee on Nutrition. In context to the Indian population, the Government of India has started implementing various initiatives to establish food security. However, issues such as climate change, drought, floods, demographic changes, wars, increasing global population and pandemics need to be constantly addressed to achieve sustainable developmental goals. In this review, we have discussed what food security is and how in its absence, malnutrition predominates in a sizable population, especially children. The consequences of nutrient deficiency and their relationship with immunity and infection are highlighted and finally, the efforts that are being taken to tackle food security at a global level and in context to Indian issues are discussed.
Signs of time and representation of actual events in texts of modern wishes
Authors:   Saratov State University, Malashenkova Elena N.
Published: September 2023

Such a speech genre as wishing, which functions both in real communication and in the Internet environment, has considerable flexibility in terms of content, despite the rather stereotypical forms of expression. The content of wishes is traditionally influenced by the personality factor of the addressee, their gender, age, social and professional affiliation, hobbies. In addition, the wish genre actively responds to changes taking place in the social sphere. Themes, vocabulary and intertextuality of wishes reflect various processes that occur in the modern culture. The purpose of this study was to identify markers, or signs of time, that label the text as belonging to a specific historical period. The material of the study was mainly the friendly wishes of young people, recorded in speech and Internet communication, as well as the wishes of older people. The article analyzes the linguistic and content signs of time. Various types of precedent phenomena that are often found in wishes are considered, such as: song lyrics and advertising texts, names of musicians, media personalities, movie characters, names of social networks, popular public places. Precedents, firstly, give wishes an individual creative character, and secondly, serve as features of the 21stcentury. They can be said to be establishing the dates of the texts of wishes. Particular attention is paid to how global extralinguistic events that concern all age groups of people (such as the coronavirus pandemic, a special operation in Ukraine) affect the content plan of wishes, generate new thematic components in their texts, or update and fill traditional desiderata (meaningful wish components) with new connotations. The conclusion is made about the dependence of human values, actualized in the texts of wishes, on the social processes of the given period.
“A strange mystical village” in Bunin’s short novel Dry Valley: To the problem of sources
Authors:   Saratov State University, Mokina Natalia V.
Published: September 2023

The subject of research in the article is the image of the Dry Valley in Bunin’s short novel and its possible sources. The author believes that the main precedent texts for Bunin’s short novel and the concept of national life and national character embodied in it, are the novels by Fyodor Dostoevsky The Brothers Karamazov (as the researchers have already noted) and The Silver Dove by Andrey Bely. Bunin both argues with the writers and develops their ideas about the essence of the Russian character and the Russian life. The signs pointing at the ‘presence’ of Dostoevsky’s novel, as well as the facts of the writer’s biography, are the main plot collisions, special features of the psychology of the Dry Valley dwellers (their strangeness, warm-heartedness, posing etc.) and place-names. The novel by A. Bely is referred to by key antinomies in understanding the fate of the Russian person (West – East, civilization – primitive world, sacred – demonic, heaven – hell), loci (manor and village), material details and the names of the heroes. At the same time, in the Dry Valley life one can also see the manifestation of universal laws, the idea of which Bunin develops under the influence of the artistic discoveries of Edgar Alan Poe, the author of the short story The Fall of the House of Usher. This is evidenced by the idea, fundamental for the poetics of the two works, about the connection of the external world, including the inorganic one, with the soul and the fate of a person, and the form of its representation (common reference motifs and color dominants in the description of the estate, the nature, the appearance of the characters and their inner worlds, etc.), as well as the system of images.