bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ionic Liquid Induced Static and Dynamic Interface Double Shields for Long‐Lifespan All‐Temperature Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qiu Meijia , Xin Yijia , Liang Yuxuan , Liu Yongtao , Chen Jinguo , Li Jinliang , Sun Peng , Fan Hong Jin , Mai Wenjie
Published: February 2025

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have experienced substantial advancements recently, while the aqueous electrolytes exhibit limited thermal adaptability. The low‐cost Zn(BF4)2 salt possesses potential low‐temperature application, while brings unsatisfied stability of Zn anodes. To address this challenge, an ionic liquid based eutectic electrolyte (ILEE) utilizing the Zn(BF4)2 presenting remarkable stability across a temperature range of ≈−100–150 °C is developed, enabling ZIBs to operate in diverse thermal conditions. The inner Zn2+ solvation structure can be modulated to a BF4−‐rich state within the ILEE system, forming a static ZnF₂ layer at the electrolyte‐Zn anode interface, as evidenced by ab initial molecular dynamic simulations. Moreover, the positively charged EMIM+ can accumulate on the Zn anodes to form the secondary electrostatic dynamic shield that mitigates the uncontrollable Zn dendrites growth, enhancing the overall cycling life of Zn anodes to over 10 times compared with the pure Zn(BF4)2 system. When utilizing the ILEE as the electrolyte, PANI||Zn full cells demonstrate acceptable performances under the all‐temperature environments, especially presenting a long life of over 9500 cycles at a low temperature of −40 °C and 500 cycles at a high temperature of 60 °C. This special ILEE holds significant promise for future aqueous batteries in extreme environment.
Conjugated Coordination Polymer Aerogels with Increased Accessibility of Well‐Defined Single‐Atom Metal Sites as a New Paradigm of Electrocatalysts
Authors: Ma Ziwei , Zhan Shuting , Xie Yufeng , Liu Yunxia , Ding Yidan , Zhang Shouhan , Lin Haiping , Zhang Longsheng , Liu Tianxi , Xie Yi
Published: February 2025

Developing high‐performance single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with maximum metal utilization efficiency is of significance, which presents enormous potentials to be extensively applied. It is desired yet challenging to elaborately tailor the coordination structures of active sites in SACs and simultaneously enable sufficient accessibility of these active sites to reactants. Here, a facile and general strategy to prepare conjugated coordination polymer aerogels (CCPA) with porous architectures that can markedly increase the accessibility of their elaborately‐tailored active sites, which as a new electrocatalyst paradigm can fully present both the structural advantages of SACs and aerogel materials, is reported. Taking nickel (Ni) as an example, Ni‐based CCPA (Ni‐CCPA) and its counterpart Ni‐CCP with non‐aerogel feature are studied as a proof‐of‐concept case. Electrochemical measurements show that, relative to Ni‐CCP, Ni‐CCPA exhibits appreciably higher performance toward alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Both the experimental results and theoretical simulations unravel that the improved OER performance of Ni‐CCPA arises from the accelerated OH− diffusion within its porous architecture and enhanced OH− concentration near its highly exposed active sites at its high‐curvature surfaces with localized electric fields. Importantly, as evidenced by the Cu‐CCPA and Zn‐CCPA examples, such strategy can be promisingly applied to prepare high‐performance CCPA targeted toward various catalytic reactions and beyond.
Optimization Strategies and Efficiency Prediction for Silicon Solar Cells with Hybrid Route of PERC and SHJ Passivation Contact
Authors: Zhou Zixiao , Kang Qian , Sun Zhaoqing , He Yongcai , Li Jingjie , Wu Lu , Sun Chang , Xue Chaowei , Qu Minghao , Chen Xiaoqing , Zheng Zilong , Wang Bo , Yan Hui , Xu Xixiang , Zhang Yongzhe
Published: February 2025

PERC solar cell technology, which emerged in the 1980s, has garnered a substantial portion of the PV market over the past decade. However, the main factors limiting their further efficiency advancements and wider commercialization lie in metal contact recombination and the passivation properties of the functional layers. Despite heterojunction cells demonstrating remarkable efficiency, challenges persist in terms of cost reduction and stability enhancement. This study introduces a novel hybrid solar cell architecture that integrates a diffusion‐free front surface field with a high‐quality heterojunction passivation contact. Through rigorous simulation analysis, it is revealed that the hybrid design surpasses conventional PERC in several key aspects: diminished front‐surface recombination losses, enhanced rear‐contact characteristics, and reduced grid shading. By strategically optimizing the front passivation and adopting single‐side wet etching techniques, a PCE of 24.17% and VOC of 716 mV is successfully achieved on a full‐size commercial czochralski silicon wafer (274.15 cm2). Additionally, both experimental EQE tests and simulations delve into the composition of JSC gain during the optimization process. This comprehensive investigation not only offers an in‐depth assessment of hybrid solar cell performance, but also outlines promising avenues for future optimization aimed at pushing theoretical efficiency limits further and enhancing suitability for large‐scale production.
Biomimetic MOF Nanocarrier‐Mediated Synergistic Delivery of Mitochondria and Anti‐Inflammatory miRNA to Alleviate Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Shou Xin , Chen Changjiang , Ying Hangjie , Liu Zhiyun , Zeng Lingyao , Li Qiujie , Lei Lanjie , Mao Bingyong , Zhang Wei , Cui Shumao , Shi Liyun
Published: February 2025

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinically critical disease characterized by overwhelming inflammatory response and significant tissue damage with no specific treatment available currently. As a key player in the pathogenesis of ALI, macrophages are aberrantly activated and polarize toward the pro‐inflammatory phenotypes, leading to overzealous inflammation and lung injury. Mitochondria is recognized as a crucial signaling hub governing macrophage function and polarization, deregulation of which is causatively related with defective metabolism of macrophages, deregulated inflammation, and hence ALI. Herein, an inflammation‐responsive, biomimetic metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanoplatform, termed a127/mito@ZIF@Ma is developed, which is sophistically designed for synergistic delivery of macrophage‐derived mitochondria and anti‐inflammatory miRNA‐127 antagonist to resume pulmonary macrophages homeostasis and alleviate lung inflammation and injury. Notably, macrophage membrane encapsulation conferred the biomimetic MOF with enhanced transport efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the administration of the nanoparticles accordingly conferred a profound protection of mice against lung inflammation and injury induced by either bacterial or viral infection with unnoticeable tissue toxicity. The study thus devises a novel MOF‐based nanosystem that integrates mitochondria transplantation and miRNA therapeutics, which may open a new avenue for treating ALI and relevant critical diseases.
Construction of a Biomimetic Tubular Scaffold Inspired by Sea Sponge Structure: Sponge‐Like Framework and Cell Guidance
Authors: Meng Si , Wu Nihuan , Fang Jie , Yu Yidan , Tang Xin , Wang Yihan , Deng Xiaokang , Qi Cheng , Kong Tiantian , Ding Tengda , Liu Zhou
Published: February 2025

Engineering hollow fibers with precise surface microstructures is challenging; yet, essential for guiding cells alignment and ensuring proper vascular tissue function. Inspired by Euplectella sponges, a novel strategy to engineer biomimetic hollow fibers with spiral surface microstructures is developed. Using oxidized bacterial cellulose, bacterial cellulose, and polydopamine, a “brick‐and‐mortar” scaffold is created through precise shear control during microfluidic coaxial spinning. The scaffold mimics natural extracellular matrices, providing mechanical stability and supporting cell growth. In vitro studies show successful co‐culture of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), with SMCs aligning along spiral surface microstructures and ECs forming a confluent inner layer. In vivo implantation confirms biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. This Euplectella‐inspired scaffold presents a promising approach for vascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Postnatal Progressive Craniosynostosis: An Unusual Case Presentation Leading to Cascade Diagnosis for Multiple Generations
Authors: Ogawa Jessica T. , Guyler Maura , Tomei Krystal L. , Wang Howard D.
Published: February 2025

NM_000141.5: FGFR2 c.1032G>A is a pathogenic variant that causes Crouzon syndrome through activation of a new donor splice site. This clinical report highlights the intrafamilial variability that can exist with this specific variant. The proband is a 4‐year‐old boy who initially presented with concern for seizures. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed pancraniosynostosis and Chiari 1 malformation. Papilledema on fundoscopic exam and copper beaten appearance of the skull on imaging both suggested the presence of elevated intracranial pressure. Genetic testing identified c.1032G>A (p.Ala344=) in FGFR2. Familial testing and genetic evaluation confirmed the same pathogenic variant in the father (age 25) and clinical diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome in the paternal grandmother (age 50). Both had only mild facial features, including hypertelorism and midface hypoplasia without other symptoms. This family illustrates a wide range of clinical phenotypes, including asymptomatic midface hypoplasia to progressive postnatal pancraniosynostosis with elevated intracranial pressure. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is indicated for mild cases with isolated midface hypoplasia and hypertelorism to achieve early diagnosis.
A Case of Prenatal Diagnosis of NFIA‐Related Disorder Indicated by Noninvasive Prenatal Testing
Authors: Zhao Ganye , Yang Shaozhe , Kong Xiangdong
Published: February 2025

Few cases of prenatal screening and diagnosis for NFIA‐related disorders (OMIM # 613735) have been reported. Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been extensively utilized for the screening of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Here, we report a case of prenatal diagnosis of an NFIA‐related disorder following the NIPT result. A 24‐year‐old pregnant woman chose expanded noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT‐plus) for screening fetal chromosomal abnormalities at 19 weeks and 5 days of gestation with a singleton pregnancy. The results of NIPT‐plus revealed a 0.9 Mb deletion in chromosome 1p31.3, including the NFIA gene, which was confirmed after amniocentesis using copy number variation sequencing. At 24 weeks of gestation, ultrasound observations revealed that there was an enlargement in the occipitofrontal diameter, protrusion of the forehead, anterior rotation of the nasal passages, and a shortened nasal bone. These phenotypic manifestations observed were consistent with the deletion of the NFIA gene. After being informed of the associated risks of this syndrome, the pregnant woman and her family decided to terminate the pregnancy at 26+4 weeks of gestation. We presented the first case of prenatal diagnosis of NFIA‐related disorder following the results of NIPT. NIPT could provide insights at earlier gestational stages than ultrasound for screening NFIA‐related disorder.
Development and internal validation of a risk prediction model for dementia in a rural older population in China
Authors: Liu Keke , Hou Tingting , Li Yuqi , Tian Na , Ren Yifei , Liu Cuicui , Dong Yi , Song Lin , Tang Shi , Cong Lin , Wang Yongxiang , Xiao Wei , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION

We sought to develop a practical tool for predicting dementia risk among rural‐dwelling Chinese older adults.

METHODS

This cohort study included 2220 rural older adults (age ≥ 65 years) who were dementia‐free at baseline (2014) and were followed in 2018. Dementia was diagnosed following the DSM‐IV criteria. The prediction model was constructed using Cox models. We used C‐index and calibration plots to assess model performance, and the decision curve analysis (DCA) to assess clinical usefulness.

RESULTS

During the 4‐year follow‐up, 134 individuals were diagnosed with dementia. We identified age, education, self‐rated AD8 score, marital status, and stroke for the prediction model, with the C‐index being 0.79 (95% confidence interval = 0.75–0.83) and the corrected C‐index for internal validation being 0.79. Calibration plots showed good performance in predicting up to 4‐year dementia risk and DCA indicated good clinical usefulness.

DISCUSSION

The 4‐year dementia risk can be accurately predicted using five easily available predictors in a rural Chinese older population.

Highlights

We developed and internally validated a practical tool for dementia risk prediction among a rural older population in China.

The prediction tool showed good discrimination and excellent calibration for predicting up to 4‐year risk of dementia.

The prediction tool can be used to identify individuals at a high risk for dementia for early preventive interventions.
Life span policies and macroeconomic transition will help the 21st‐century brain health revolution in developing countries
Authors: Mostert Cyprian M. , Udeh‐Momoh Chinedu , Kumar Manasi , Khan Murad , Ali Shehzad , Muchungi Kendi , Chemutai Gloria , Smith Cynthia , Trepel Dominic , Eyre Harris , Atwoli Lukoye , Merali Zul
Published: February 2025

In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued the Intersectoral Global Action Plan for Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders for 2022 to 2031, emphasizing important connections between brain health, population well‐being, and economic growth. A year later, the WHO followed up with strategic guidelines aimed at enhancing brain health outcomes in developing countries. However, critical gaps remain. Our policy forum paper advocates for policies that target brain health across all stages of life, starting with measures to reduce the consumption of alcohol, sugar, and tobacco. Additionally, we propose the integration of school meal programs and social pension schemes as essential lifespan policies to safeguard brain health. To support these policies, developing countries must implement key macroeconomic reforms. These include revising international trade agreements, strengthening tax systems, curbing illicit financial flows, eliminating financial exclusions, and expanding social welfare systems. Such reforms are critical for creating an environment that supports long‐term brain health initiatives.

Highlights

The are critical gaps in the WHO policy framework for brain health.

We advocate policies that target brain health across all stages of life, starting with measures to reduce alcohol, sugar, and tobacco consumption.

Additionally, we propose integrating school meal programs and social pension schemes as essential lifespan policies to safeguard brain health.

To support these policies, developing countries must implement key macroeconomic reforms.

By adopting these measures, developing countries can lead the charge in advancing the 21st‐century brain health agenda, fostering both societal well‐being and sustainable economic development.
Efficient Generation of Negative Hydrogen with Bimetallic‐Ternary‐Structured Catalysts for Nitrobenzene Hydrogenation
Authors: Shen Ji , Tang Minhao , Shi Zuhao , Guan Shuyan , Shi Yijie , Zhuang Zechao , Li Runze , Yang Jiarui , He Daping , Liu Baozhong , Dou Yuhai , Wang Dingsheng
Published: February 2025

Transition metal‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation (TH) with in situ negative hydrogen (H‐) has received extensive attention as an alternative to conventional high‐pressure hydrogenation processes. However, the insufficient activity of hydrogen production and unclear the conversion process of hydrogenation remain a great challenge. In this work, brand new bimetallic ternary‐structured catalysts (Ru1+nM1‐TiO2, M=Co, Cu, Fe, Ni) were synthesized to efficiently generate H‐ donors from ammonia borane (AB, NH3BH3) for nitrobenzene hydrogenation under moderate conditions. The Ru1+nCo1‐TiO2 catalysts exhibited highest activity for hydrogen production form AB hydrolysis with a TOF value of 2716 min‐1. The Ru1+nCo1‐TiO2 achieved >90% yields within 3‐4 hours in converting nitrobenzene to anilines using AB. Mechanistic studies revealed that the high hydrolysis activity was due to that the Ru SA and Co SA sites of the bimetallic‐ternary‐structured catalyst required the lowest energy for the activation of AB and H2O, respectively. Remarkably, the Co SA and Ru clusters exhibited an obvious synergistic effect in the TH process, which promoted the tandem hydrogenation of nitroaromatics. This work demonstrated an efficient approach to generate H‐ donor with bimetallic‐ternary‐structured catalysts in TH process and further provided new inspiration on the development of multifunctional catalysts.
Application of Modified Starch @ Phenolic Resin Flame Retardant Coating on RPUF
Authors: Peng Haoping , Li Dingding , Xu Shouwu , Zhao Yonggang , Lei Yun , Zhu Haoran , Tan Qigui , Li Zhiwei
Published: February 2025

In this study, sodium tripolyphosphate was used to modify starch, resulting in a novel starch‐based flame retardant. The phenolic resin was employed as the matrix, with the starch‐based flame retardant incorporated as a filler and applied to the surface of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) to prepare the composite material. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the coating effectively penetrated the RPUF framework, forming a strong and tightly bonded layer with excellent coverage. The combustion and mechanical properties of the composite material were investigated. The results showed that, in vertical combustion tests, the composite material met the UL940‐5VA standard. In thermogravimetric analysis, the composite exhibited a 42.71% increase in char residue compared with the RPUF. In three‐point bending pulverization resistance tests, the composite demonstrated a 28.42% reduction in chalking compared with the RPUF coated solely with phenolic resin. This study paves a new path for the practical application of bio‐based flame retardants.
Mapping the Global Impact of Mining Activities on Freshwater Biodiversity to Inform Conservation Priorities
Authors: Brabant Christophe , Noorbhai Nakiya , Bendixen Mette , Iversen Lars L.
Published: February 2025

Natural resource mining is a vital global industry serving sectors such as construction, infrastructure and electronics. The negative impacts of mining, exacerbated by poor governance and lax legislation, have detrimental consequences on the environment, especially in freshwater systems. Mining is shown to disrupt hydrological regimes, sediment dynamics and vegetation structure, which affect water quality, species composition and overall ecosystem health. However, little is known about the global extent of mining impacts on freshwater biodiversity, ultimately hindering mitigation efforts and effective policy implementation. Here, we address this knowledge gap by developing an impact probability model to generate global threat maps based on the impact of mining for freshwater fish, macrophytes and odonatan. We show that the impact of mining differs significantly between taxonomic groups, with hotspots of risk coinciding with high‐biodiversity and wilderness areas. Using a random forest machine learning model, we show that the extent of mining impacts is driven primarily by environmental and anthropogenic variables, such as land surface runoff and the Human Development Index. This overview of the global distribution of mining's threat is urgently needed for conservation plans to mitigate the impact of mining on biodiversity.
Early life functional transitions impact craniofacial morphology in osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Miller Courtney A. , Emanuel Tanusha , Menegaz Rachel A.
Published: February 2025

Early life behaviors have a profound role in shaping adult craniofacial morphology. During early life, all mammals undergo the dynamic transition from suckling to mastication, a period coinciding with rapid cranial biomineralization. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a genetic disorder that impacts the production of type I collagen, disrupts biomineralization, leading to craniofacial growth differences affecting quality of life. This study investigates craniofacial development during infant oral motor developmental stages in OI mice compared to unaffected wild‐type littermates (WT mice). We hypothesize OI mice will exhibit smaller overall size, and the adult OI phenotype will develop postnatally in response to masticatory loading. Point cloud and fixed landmarks were collected from micro‐computed tomography scans, then geometric morphometric analyses and interlandmark distances (ILDs) compared craniofacial size and shape between OI and WT mice at birth (P0; n = 27 OI murine/20 WT) and postnatal Days 7 (P7; n = 21/21), 14 (P14; n = 16/20), 21 (P21; n = 20/26), and 28 (P28; n = 26/33). This study found no size and shape differences between genotypes at birth. Starting at P7, OI mice are significantly (p < 0.05) smaller and display pronounced shape changes (p < 0.001) characterized by a larger neurocranium and a shorter viscerocranium. At P21, significant differences emerge in cranial base orientation, neurocranial width, viscerocranial shortening, and zygomatic arch displacement. These findings underscore the importance of early life oral motor stages in developing the adult OI craniofacial phenotype and oral health, suggesting earlier craniofacial interventions may improve effective treatment of OI.
RECYCLED RARE EARTH IONS FROM E‐WASTE IN BOROGERMANATE GLASSES FOR MAGNETO‐OPTICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Berno Ana Elisa , Caixeta Fábio José , Ruzene João Pedro Costa , Feltran Aline Martins , Albino Leonardo Vieira , Abuçafy Marina Paiva , Silva Otávio de Brito , Rodrigues João Pedro Pessin , Ferreira Neto Elias Paiva , Rosa Amauri P. A. , Bevilaqua Denise , Nalin Marcelo , Ribeiro Sidney JL , Franco Douglas Faza
Published: February 2025

Magneto‐optical borogermanate glasses were developed by incorporating electro‐electronic waste recovered from fluorescent lamps. Glasses with a composition of (41GeO₂–25B₂O₃–4Al₂O₃–10Na₂O–20BaO)‐x%wst, (x = 0, 10, 20, 30, and 50 wt% of waste) were prepared. The final chemical composition was determined, and the glasses were characterized through thermal, structural, morphological, optical, and magneto‐optical analyses. The addition of lamp waste to the glass matrix did not induce crystallization and stable glass materials were obtained, as confirmed by thermal analysis. Raman spectroscopy has shown that the addition of different amounts of waste into the vitreous matrix induces structural rearrangements as evidenced by the vibration bands of non‐bridging B–O⁻ bonds. Regarding optical properties, the transmittance of the glasses slightly decreased with waste incorporation. Photoluminescence showed electronic transitions attributed to the Tb³⁺ and Eu³⁺ ions and non‐radiative energy transfer from the host to both Ln³⁺ ions and between them was observed. Finally, a Verdet constant value of ‐40.9 rad. T⁻¹.m⁻¹ at 632.8 nm was obtained, highlighting the potential of these sustainable glasses as Faraday rotators.
Mean Distances and Dependence Structures for Lifetimes of Systems With Shared Components
Authors: Capaldo Marco , Di Crescenzo Antonio , Pellerey Franco
Published: February 2025

Distortion and copula functions represent powerful tools in the description of the reliability of some complex systems as functions of their components' reliability. On this aim, we study several pairs of reliability systems with one or more shared components, in the case when their lifetimes are independent and identically distributed or independent but not identically distributed. We focus on the dependence that arises from sharing components, often described by Marshall‐Olkin copulas, making use of some distance measures related to the Gini's mean difference and its new recent generalizations. A special role is played by a new distortion function related to the ROC curve.
Investigation of a broad‐spectrum micronutrient formulation as a possible precipitant of pharmacokinetic micronutrient–drug interactions
Authors: Kew Bess M. , Doogue Matthew P. , McNeill Richard , Zhang Mei , Rucklidge Julia J. , Frampton Christopher M. , Mulder Roger T. , Beaglehole Ben
Published: February 2025

Aims

Daily broad‐spectrum micronutrients are being used by the general public and formulations are receiving research interest in mental health settings. Despite concerns about combining medicines and broad‐spectrum micronutrients in mental health care, there have not been any formal evaluations of potential interactions. Our objective was to evaluate a broad‐spectrum micronutrient formula as a potential precipitant of pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions through inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes.

Methods

This was a single‐centre pharmacokinetic study. Twelve healthy participants received broad‐spectrum micronutrients for 14 days (Days 1–14). Participants were administered a ‘cocktail’ of selective CYP probes midazolam 2 mg (CYP3A), dextromethorphan 30 mg (CYP2D6), losartan 25 mg (CYP2C9), omeprazole 20 mg (CYP2CI9) and caffeine 100 mg (CYP1A2) on Day 0 and Day 14, before taking and while taking broad‐spectrum micronutrients. Plasma drug concentrations were measured at baseline and for 8 h following cocktail administration. AUC, Cmax and Tmax were compared before and after broad spectrum micronutrient administration using paired t­tests.

Results

Pre‐ and post‐micronutrient geometric means (SD) for AUC0‐8h (μg*h/L) were: midazolam 25 (13) and 26 (14), P = 0.60; dextromethorphan 25 (99) and 19 (110), P = 0.46; losartan 219 (105) and 205 (76), P = 0.20; omeprazole 474 (394) and 402 (342), P = 016; and caffeine 13 800 (5400) and 12 800 (3500), P = 0.79. There were no statistically significant changes in geometric means of probe Cmax, or Tmax for any of the study drugs.

Conclusions

Broad‐spectrum micronutrients are unlikely to be a major precipitant of pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions.
Intersections between cognitive‐emotion regulation, critical thinking and academic resilience with academic motivation and autonomy in EFL learners: Contributions of AI‐mediated learning environments
Authors: Yang Chao , Wei Ming , Liu Qi
Published: February 2025

The rapid and pervasive integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into education presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges. While AI‐powered tools offer personalised learning experiences and access to vast knowledge repositories, their successful implementation hinges on a nuanced understanding of how learners' psychological and cognitive processes interact within these dynamic environments. This study delved into the intricate interplay between cognitive‐emotion regulation, critical thinking, academic resilience, academic motivation and autonomy in a cohort of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners engaged in AI‐mediated learning. For this, a sample of 302 EFL learners was recruited using a stratified random sampling method. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling and confirmatory factor analysis through SMART PLS software. Findings revealed that there was a significant correlation between cognitive‐emotion regulation and academic motivation and autonomy among EFL learners in AI‐mediated learning environments. Moreover, the results showed that a significant correlation between critical thinking and academic motivation and autonomy existed. Additionally, the outcomes indicated that the academic resilience was significantly correlated with the academic motivation and autonomy. These findings underscored that by cultivating learners' ability to effectively manage their emotions, engage in critical inquiry and exercise autonomy, educators can empower them to navigate the complexities of AI‐integrated learning environments, achieve academic success and develop the essential skills for lifelong learning in the digital age.
Fluorometric Innovations for Ultrasensitive Trace Element Analysis in Environmental Matrices
Authors: Pragathi Y. , Naga Prashant K. , Suvarna Yenduri
Published: February 2025

Trace elements in environmental matrices and their potential harm to humans and the ecosystem are causing growing concern. For environmental monitoring and assessment, trace element analysis in water, soil, and air must be precise. Due to its selectivity and sensitivity, fluorometric analysis has grown in popularity. This review covers the latest fluorometric approaches for trace element measurement in environmental samples. This review discusses sensitive and selective fluorometric probes. A significant increase in fluorescence intensity makes this probe better for trace element research. Various parameters like pH, temperature, and reaction time were carefully optimized in each approach to increase sensitivity and accuracy. The current study sheds light on this analytical approach's concepts, applications, and difficulties. In general, fluorometric analysis is important for environmental studies. For researchers, it allows them to use fluorometric technology with other methods and focus on real‐time analysis to solve environmental challenges.
Synthesis of Novel Donor‐π‐Acceptor Benzothiazole‐Thiazolidinone Fluorescent Chromophores With Enhanced Biological Activity
Authors: Alharbi Haifa , Alsharief Hatun H. , Alrefaei Abdulmajeed F. , Alsharari Abdulrhman M. , Al‐Ghamdi S. A. , Aldosari F. M. , Alatawi Ibrahim S. S. , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M.
Published: February 2025

Four benzothiazole‐thiazolidine‐4‐one derivatives 6 and 7a–c were prepared, and their chemical constructions were proved by IR, NMR, UV–Vis absorption, and emission spectra. The absorption spectra of the synthesized derivatives showed that extending the conjugated system through the insertion of a substituted benzylidene group led to a red shift of λmax, where the nitro derivative 7c displayed the longer wavelength. Likewise, the emission spectra presented the same effect, where the Stock shift displayed a reversed order in which the parent 6 has the highest value. The synthesized derivatives exhibited cytotoxic effectiveness against several tumor cell lines, where compound 7b displayed significant cytotoxicity towards MCF‐7 cells (IC50 = 8.73 ± 0.41 μM). The in vitro VEGFR‐2 kinase inhibitory activity of synthetic benzothiazole‐thiazolidin‐4‐one derivatives has been assessed, where derivative 7c had the strongest inhibition (IC50 = 0.20 ± 0.10 μM), followed by derivatives 7b and 7a, respectively. However, the molecular docking showed that derivatives 7b and 7c have higher binding affinity than Sorafenib due to unique molecular interactions with target residues. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic parameters of the newly synthesized derivatives showed that derivative 7b revealed moderate lipophilicity and a lack of Lipinski violations, making it a viable lead contender.
Process Optimization of Stir‐Fried Inonotus hispidus Based on the Box–Behnken Design‐Response Surface Method and the Component Variations During the Stir‐Frying Process
Authors: Yang Xueqi , Song Jipeng , Lu Huali , Gao Xinyu , Sun Rong , Wang Jiaxin , Li Zhiyong , Zhang Guoying , Zhao Pan , Zhao Xin , Liu Jiangting
Published: February 2025

The present study was designed to optimize the processing of Inonotus hispidus (I. hispidus) by single‐factor studies and response surface methodology (RSM). Stir‐frying temperature, stir‐frying time, and rotational speed of the stir‐frying machine were considered as the variables under investigation, whereas ergosterol, total polysaccharides, alcohol‐soluble leachate, appearance, and shape were the parameters being studied. Based on single‐factor studies, the optimal stir‐frying process parameters for I. hispidus were determined using the subjective evaluation analytic hierarchy process (AHP)–entropy weighting method in conjunction with the Box–Behnken design‐response surface method (BBD). Correlation analysis of the indicator components and colorimetric values was conducted using correlation and stepwise regression analysis methods. Compositional changes during processing of the concoction were analyzed using UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap/MS. The optimal process conditions for stir‐frying I. hispidus were a stir‐frying temperature of 160°C, a stir‐frying time of 9 min, and a rotational speed of the stir‐frying machine of 40 r/min. Indicators that have a correlation with colorimetric values include alcohol‐soluble leachate, appearance and shape. The composition has changed during the concoction process, particularly the styrylpyrones. The preferred formulation process is stable and feasible, providing a reference for researching the formulation process of I. hispidus and clinical medication.
Marine‐Derived Chemotherapeutic Agent for Acute Leukemia: In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Boyina Revathi , Kosanam Sreya , M Kishore Babu
Published: February 2025

Background: Acute leukemia, a severe hematological malignancy marked by abnormal white blood cell proliferation, often resists conventional therapies. The growing interest in natural therapeutics has spotlighted marine‐derived compounds for their unique bioactivities.
Objective: This study explores the therapeutic potential of Ascophyllum nodosum extract, focusing on Laminine, in modulating key leukemia‐associated proteins, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PIK3), using in silico and in vitro approaches.
Methods: Molecular docking was performed to assess Laminine’s binding interactions with LDH and PIK3. An in vitro leukemia model was established using NEU‐treated Wistar rats. Efficacy was evaluated through LDH release, PIK3 activity, hematological parameters, and clinical signs of leukemia.
Results: Docking studies revealed moderate binding affinities (‐6.5 kcal/mol) of Laminine with LDH and PIK3, suggesting potential therapeutic interactions. In vitro, the extract demonstrated dose‐dependent cytoprotective effects, reducing LDH release and restoring PIK3 activity. Leukemia‐induced hematological abnormalities, including elevated WBC counts, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, were partially reversed. The highest dose (50 µM) showed maximal efficacy in reducing cytotoxicity and modulating signaling pathways.
Conclusion: Ascophyllum nodosum extract, particularly Laminine, shows potential as a therapeutic candidate against leukemia by targeting metabolic and signaling pathways. Further research is needed to optimize its clinical utility and elucidate its mechanisms.
Quantification of propargylated RNA nucleosides after metabolic labeling via the methylation pathway
Authors: Kück Nadine , Hüwel Sabine , Hoffmann Arne , Rentmeister Andrea
Published: February 2025

RNA modifications are involved in numerous biological processes and vary in different cell types. Methylation is the most widespread type of RNA modification and occurs via S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM). We recently developed a metabolic labeling approach based on intracellular formation of a clickable SAM analog (SeAdoYn) and demonstrated its use in mapping methyltransferase (MTase) target sites in mRNA from HeLa cells. Here we investigate how metabolic labeling via the clickable SAM analog modifies four different nucleosides in RNA of HEK293T in comparison to HeLa cells. We find that HEK293T cells retain higher cell viability upon feeding the clickable metabolic SAM precursor. In poly(A)+ RNA we find high Aprop/A levels (0.04%) and in total RNA (but not poly(A)+ RNA) we detect prop3C, which was not detected previously in HeLa cells. We discuss the findings in the context of data from the literature with respect to mRNA half‐lives in cancer and non‐cancer cell lines and suggest that CMTr2 is most likely responsible for the high Aprop level in poly(A)+ RNA.
Bryophyllum pinnatum Induces p53‐Dependent Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer Cells via Increased Intracellular ROS and G2/M Cell‐Cycle Arrest In Vitro and Validated in Silico by Molecular Docking
Authors: Mukherjee Sumoyee , Banik Sheuli Kangsa , Chakraborty Sourio , Das Tanya , Choudhury Manabendra Dutta , Tripathi Anusri
Published: February 2025

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical treatments of cancer having several limitations and toxic side‐effects, have led researchers to focus towards development of alternative natural plant‐based therapeutics that can reduce disease severity. The present research work is mainly focussed towards identifying molecular mechanisms of apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells (HCT116) by perennial herb Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf‐extract via both in vitro experimentations and in silico analysis. B. pinnatum leaf extract induced highest cytotoxicity at lowest dose (IC50:0.01 mg/mL) against HCT116 cells with 49.5% (p < 0.0001) cellular death, in comparison to other cancer cell lines. It has arrested HCT116 cell populations at G2/M cell‐cycle phase and led to 10 folds (p < 0.0001) and 5.5 folds (p < 0.0001) increased intracellular ROS production in treated groups. ROS production might have led to significant 34.23% and 21.03% (p < 0.0001) apoptosis in treated cells, proved in vitro and in silico, with significant upregulation of p53 (p < 0.0001), BAX (p = 0.0252), CASPASE3 (p < 0.0001) and downregulation of BCL2 (p = 0.0058), leading to increased nuclear p53 (p = 0.0002) accumulation in treated cells, suggesting that the leaf‐extract might have induced p53‐dependent apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. The phyto‐extract also possess significant gene‐modulatory potential as evident from qRT‐PCR analysis of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Leaf's bioactive phyto‐constituents were elucidated by GC‐MS and HPLC‐ESI/MS analysis. In silico STITCH analysis provided significant network interactions between these bioactive phyto‐compounds and studied proteins. Further Molecular Docking studies revealed strong binding between such docked complexes. Also, predicted major bioactive phyto‐constituents of B. pinnatum leaf‐extract such as Quercetin, Morin and β‐Sitosterol have induced significant (p < 0.0001) apoptosis and increased intracellular ROS, validating their in silico interactions with studied proteins of HCT116 cells. All these studies together demonstrated ability of B. pinnatum to be used as a suitable natural phyto‐therapeutic agent for development of chemo‐preventive medications against colorectal cancer.
Sulfur‐Doped Carbonized Polymer Dots: A Biocompatible Photocatalyst for Rapid Aqueous PET‐RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Yu Yue , Tao Songyuan , Zeng Qingsen , Ma Zhihui , Zhang Kai , Yang Bai
Published: February 2025

To achieve the target of carbon neutrality, it is crucial to develop an efficient and green synthesis methodology with good atomic economy to achieve sufficient utilization of energy and sustainable development. Photoinduced electron transfer reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer (PET‐RAFT) polymerization is a precise methodology for constructing polymers with well‐defined structures. However, conventional semiconductor‐mediated PET‐RAFT polymerization still has considerable limitations in terms of efficiency as well as the polymerization environment. Herein, sulfur‐doped carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) were hydrothermally synthesized for catalysis of aqueous PET‐RAFT polymerization at unprecedented efficiency with a highest propagation rate of 5.05 h−1. The resulting polymers have well‐controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight dispersion (Ð < 1.10). Based on the optoelectronic characterizations, we obtained insights into the photoinduced electron transfer process and proposed the mechanism for CPD‐mediated PET‐RAFT polymerization. In addition, as‐synthesized CPDs for PET‐RAFT polymerization were also demonstrated to be suitable for a wide range of light sources (blue/green/solar irradiation), numerous monomers, low catalyst loading (low as 0.01 mg mL−1), and multiple polar solvent environments, all of which allowed to achieve efficiencies much higher than those of existing semiconductor‐mediated methods. Finally, the CPDs were confirmed to be non‐cytotoxic and catalyzed PET‐RAFT polymerization successfully in cell culture media, indicating broad prospects in biomedical fields.
Design, Synthesis, and Biophysical Characterization of Pyridine Bis‐Quinazoline Derivatives as Selective G‐Quadruplex DNA Stabilizers
Authors: Das Rabindra Nath , Chorell Erik
Published: February 2025

Non‐canonical G‐quadruplex (G4) DNA structures play key roles in cellular regulation and are promising targets for cancer therapy. This study reports the design, synthesis, and biophysical evaluation of 15 novel pyridine bis‐quinazoline derivatives for their ability to selectively bind and stabilize G4 DNA structures. The pyridine‐bis‐quinazoline central fragment was synthesized with various amine side chains via a 4–5 step sequence in high yields. Comprehensive analyses using different fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays, fluorescence intercalator displacement (FID), circular dichroism (CD), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) assays revealed strong G4 stabilization and selectivity over double‐stranded DNA. The presence and composition of the aliphatic amine side chain proved critical and propylamine linkers exhibited superior performance, achieving ΔTm values exceeding 20 °C and dissociation constants in the nanomolar range. Structural preferences were observed for parallel and hybrid G4 topologies, and the ligands induced minimal conformational changes in G4 DNA upon binding. Finally, cell viability assays on HCT‐8 and HepG2 cancer cell lines revealed that most ligands effectively entered the cells and decreased cancer cell viability in a dose‐dependent manner. These findings underline the potential of pyridine bis‐quinazoline derivatives as selective G4‐stabilizing agents, paving the way for further exploration in anticancer drug development.
Pursuing Heat‐resistant and Insensitive Energetic Materials by Constructing Imino Bridged Conjugated Planar Structures
Authors: Zhang Xing , Jiang Xiue , Pan Linhu , Wang Ruihui , Yang Boqian , Xia Honglei , Qi Xiujuan , Zhang Qinghua
Published: February 2025

Developing insensitive heat‐resistant energetic materials is currently a significant challenge in the research of energetic materials. In this study, two heat‐resistant energetic materials (compounds 3 and 4) were designed and prepared by incorporating imino bridged (−NH−) the fused ring of pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine. All the newly synthesized compounds exhibit excellent thermal stabilities (Td: 316.5−343.9 °C) and good detonation performances (D: 8183−8206 m s‐1), as well as satisfactory sensitivities (IS > 40 J, FS > 360 N). These remarkable stabilities are attributed to the π‐conjugated planar structures and strong weak interactions in crystals. The comprehensive performances of compound 4 (Td: 343.9 °C, D: 8183 m s‐1, IS > 40 J, FS > 360 N) are superior to those of the widely used heat‐resistant explosive 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′‐hexanitrostilbene (HNS) (Td: 318 °C, D: 7612 m s‐1, IS: 5 J, FS: 240 N), indicating its great potential to be used as heat‐resistant and insensitive energetic materials.
Procedural Complications and Inpatient Outcomes of Leadless Pacemaker Implantations in Rural Versus Urban Hospitals in the United States
Authors: Nguyen Amanda , Khan Muhammad Zia , Sattar Yasar , Alruwaili Waleed , Nassar Sameh , Alhajji Mohamed , Alyami Bandar , Neely Joseph , Asad Zain Ul Abideen , Agarwal Siddharth , Raina Sameer , Balla Sudarshan , Nguyen Bao , Fan Dali , Darden Douglas , Munir Muhammad Bilal
Published: February 2025

Background

Disparities in invasive cardiovascular care and outcomes in rural and urban hospitals across the United States have been reported. However, studies investigating disparities regarding leadless pacemaker outcomes and complications based on hospital location are lacking.

Objective

To evaluate differences in outcomes and complications related to leadless pacemaker implantations among rural and urban hospitals.

Methods

The National Inpatient Sample was used to identify patients who underwent leadless pacemaker implantations in the United States from 2016 to 2020. Study endpoints assessed included procedural complications and inpatient outcomes of leadless pacemaker implantations among rural and urban hospitals.

Results

From 2016 to 2020, there were a total of 28 340 and 665 leadless pacemaker implantations in urban and rural hospitals, respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar among both groups, with notable exceptions of higher rates of coagulopathies (13.2% vs. 6.8%, p < 0.001) and peripheral vascular disorders (10.4% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001) among urban patients. After multivariable adjustment for confounding variables, leadless pacemaker placements occurring in rural hospitals had lower odds of major complications (aOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.41–0.86), but increased odds of inpatient mortality (aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.21–2.40). Overall, rural leadless pacemaker recipients experienced lower rates of discharge to home, as well as lower costs and length of stay.

Conclusions

A majority of leadless pacemaker implantations occurred in urban hospitals in the United States. Important differences in outcomes were described based on urban and rural hospital location. Further investigation and policy changes are encouraged to promote improved cardiovascular care and outcomes in rural residents.
Surface Defect Detector Based on Deformable Convolution and Lightweight Multi‐Scale Attention
Authors: Xia Zilin , Huang Zedong , Gu Jinan , Wang Wenbo
Published: February 2025

The detection of defects on industrial surfaces is essential for guaranteeing the quality and safety of products. Deep learning‐based object detection methods have demonstrated impressive efficacy in industrial applications in recent years. However, due to the complex and variable shape of defects, the similarity between defects and background, large intra‐class differences, and small inter‐class differences lead to low classification accuracy, it is a great challenge to achieve accurate defect detection. To overcome these challenges, this research proposed a novel network specifically designed for defect detection. First, a feature extraction network, ResDCA‐Net, is constructed based on deformable convolution and lightweight multi‐scale attention, where deformable convolution can adaptively adjust to extract features of defects with complex and variable shapes. Second, the lightweight multi‐scale attention module is constructed, which uses multi‐branch and cross‐space fusion to obtain the complete feature space attention map, thereby improving the defect feature attention and reducing the background feature attention. Third, to enhance the classification and localization accuracy, an attention‐based decoupled prediction module is proposed to ensure that the classification and regression branches of the model can focus on their required features. Finally, extensive comparative experiments indicate that the proposed approach performs best, achieving 83.7% and 83.4% mean Average Precision (mAP) on the GC10‐DET and NEU‐DET datasets, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed individual modules is further validated in ablation experiments, which demonstrate the excellent performance and potential in defect detection tasks.