bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of Granitoids in Central Sumatra: An Identification of Plate Extension during Triassic
Authors: Irzon Ronaldo , Syafri Ildrem , Suwarna Nana , Hutabarat Johanes , Sendjaja Purnama , Setiawan Verry Edi
Published: July 2021

Previous investigations of granitoids in Sumatra were focused on age dating with minimum geochemistry composition analysis. The purpose of this study is to define the geochemistry classification of the intrusions in central Sumatra and to explain the rocks' correlation to Southeast Asia tectonic activities. A polarizing microscope was used for petrography description while XRF and ICP-MS were applied for geochemistry measurements. According to the geochemistry, almost all of the intrusions are the I-type volcanic arc granitoids. The oldest studied rock is the Late Permian Ombilin Granite that should have been formed before West Sumatra and West Burma move away from the Cathaysia. Sulit Air Granite and Tanjung Gadang Granite intrusion were triggered by the subduction of Meso-Tethys beneath West Sumatra while Lassi Pluton and Lolo Pluton due to Indo-Australia and West Sumatra convergency. The Triassic Sijunjung Granite depicts A-type granite natures to suggest an extension in the West Sumatra plate.
Auge y declive del sector de la fabricación y distribución de tractores agrícolas en España (1950-1994)
Authors: Esperante Bruno
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la evolución del sector de la fabricación y distribución de tractores agrícolas en España (1950-1994). Analizamos distintas empresas, fabricantes y distribuidoras para comprender la función de la oferta en el marco de los grandes cambios tecnológicos de la industrialización de la agricultura durante la Dictadura franquista, la transición y los primeros años de la democracia en España. Partimos de un enfoque elaborado desde la historia agraria, aunque combinando perspectivas con la historia industrial y empresarial, para analizar las distintas estrategias de empresas y multinacionales del sector, el marco regulador estatal y la demanda de tractores. Para la elaboración del artículo recurrimos a fuentes generadas por la Administración del Estado, documentación interna de empresas, revistas divulgativas y, también, entrevistas de historia oral.
Polígono Sur en Sevilla. Historia de una marginación urbana y social
Authors: Torres Gutiérrez Francisco José
Published: July 2021

Polígono Sur de Sevilla, considerado uno de los barrios más pobres y con mayores niveles de conflictividad social en el estado español, presenta graves problemáticas de índole social, urbana y ambiental. Las referencias estadísticas, los análisis efectuados en distintos estudios e informes y la propia expresión de su paisaje urbano lo convierten, sin ninguna duda, en uno de los casos extremos de la desigualdad urbana en España. Sus acusadas desventajas actuales enraízan en la concentración de población empobrecida que representó el proyecto urbanístico original: un polígono de viviendas sociales en la periferia de la ciudad, construido fundamentalmente entre los años 60 y 70, en el que se realojaron muchas familias humildes de distintas procedencias, desahuciadas de barrios históricos o provenientes de poblados chabolistas, refugios o infraviviendas, que sufre con mayor intensidad los diferentes momentos de crisis y que, durante largos periodos de tiempo, es desatendido por la Administración.
First-principle study on the influence of common impurities in diamond on the electronic structure of Ce-related defects
Authors: Tan Xin , Wang Jian , Wei Xueyuan , Pan Chao , Ren Yuan , Sun Shiyang , Jia Huiling
Published: July 2021

This paper determines the stable configuration and electronic structure of Ce-related defects (CeV) in diamonds doped with N, B, and Si impurities using the first-principle method based on density functional theory (DFT) and the Vienna ab-initio simulation package VASP software package. To this end, the zero-phonon line size of the color center of the doped diamond CeV is calculated and the corresponding fluorescence wavelength is measured. The results provide a theoretical explanation of the influence of various impurities on the fluorescence of the CeV color center in diamonds and provides a reference for their fabrication and application.
Gene name errors: Lessons not learned
Authors: Abeysooriya Mandhri , Soria Megan , Kasu Mary Sravya , Ziemann Mark
Published: July 2021

Erroneous conversion of gene names into other dates and other data types has been a frustration for computational biologists for years. We hypothesized that such errors in supplementary files might diminish after a report in 2016 highlighting the extent of the problem. To assess this, we performed a scan of supplementary files published in PubMed Central from 2014 to 2020. Overall, gene name errors continued to accumulate unabated in the period after 2016. An improved scanning software we developed identified gene name errors in 30.9% (3,436/11,117) of articles with supplementary Excel gene lists; a figure significantly higher than previously estimated. This is due to gene names being converted not just to dates and floating-point numbers, but also to internal date format (five-digit numbers). These findings further reinforce that spreadsheets are ill-suited to use with large genomic data.
Lethal and sublethal effects of synthetic and bio-insecticides on Trichogramma brassicae parasitizing Tuta absoluta
Authors: Nozad-Bonab Zahra , Hejazi Mir Jalil , Iranipour Shahzad , Arzanlou Mehdi , Biondi Antonio
Published: July 2021

The tomato leaf miner (TLM),Tuta absoluta(Meyrick), is an invasive tomato pest found worldwide. Sustainable control strategies aimed at increasing biological control approaches and decreasing chemical inputs are required, due to the tendency to develop insecticide resistance. In this study, the lethal and sublethal effects of four chemical insecticides (abamectin, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad) and the sublethal effects of the entomopathogenic fungusMetarhizium anisopliae(Metschnikoff) on a widespread TLM egg parasitoid,Trichogramma brassicaeBezdenko, were estimated. Concentration mortality response bioassays enabled the estimation of lethal concentrations of the tested insecticides for the parasitoids, with chlorantraniliprole having the lowest LC50and indoxacarb the highest. The LC25and LC50of the tested insecticides on the TLM were sprayed on eggs and then offered at three time intervals to the parasitoids. The fertility and other life table parameters of the individuals emerging from the treated eggs were estimated. All of the chemical insecticides, but not the fungus, had harmful effects onT.brassicae. The insecticide applications caused a 3.84–5.17 times reduction in the net reproductive rate (R0) compared with the control. No parameters were affected by spraying the fungus in the 0h treatment, but effects were recorded at 24 and/or 48h, except for the gross reproduction rate (GRR). The value of the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) also decreased to 0.528–0.617 after the insecticide treatments. The doubling time (DT) increased in all treatments compared to the control. Nevertheless, the generation time (T) was only very slightly affected. In addition, in the combination experiments,M.anisopliaeshowed a remarkable synergism withT.brassicaein controlling TLM eggs. These results indicate that low levels of lethal effects on key biological control agents should be considered in the choice of insecticides to be included in sustainable TLM control packages.
Psychophysical predictors of experimental muscle pain intensity following fatiguing calf exercise
Authors: Kristensen Nadja Strandberg , Hertel Emma , Skadhauge Camilla Hoffmeyer , Kronborg Sissel Højsted , Petersen Kristian Kjær , McPhee Megan E.
Published: July 2021

Musculoskeletal pain affects approximately 20% of the population worldwide and represents one of the leading causes of global disability. As yet, precise mechanisms underlying the development of musculoskeletal pain and transition to chronicity remain unclear, though individual factors such as sleep quality, physical activity, affective state, pain catastrophizing and psychophysical pain sensitivity have all been suggested to be involved. This study aimed to investigate whether factors at baseline could predict musculoskeletal pain intensity to an experimental delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) pain model. Demographics, physical activity, pain catastrophizing, affective state, sleep quality, isometric force production, temporal summation of pain, and psychophysical pain sensitivity using handheld and cuff algometry were assessed at baseline (Day-0) and two days after (Day-2) in 28 healthy participants. DOMS was induced on Day-0 by completing eccentric calf raises on the non-dominant leg to fatigue. On Day-2, participants rated pain on muscle contraction (visual analogue scale, VAS, 0-10cm) and function (Likert scale, 0–6). DOMS resulted in non-dominant calf pain at Day-2 (3.0±2.3cm), with significantly reduced isometric force production (P<0.043) and handheld pressure pain thresholds (P<0.010) at Day-2 compared to Day-0. Linear regression models using backward selection predicted from 39.3% (P<0.003) of VAS to 57.7% (P<0.001) of Likert score variation in DOMS pain intensity and consistently included cuff pressure pain tolerance threshold (P<0.01), temporal summation of pain (P<0.04), and age (P<0.02) as independent predictive factors. The findings indicate that age, psychological and central pain mechanistic factors are consistently associated with pain following acute muscle injury.
Urban-rural disparities in institutional delivery among women in East Africa: A decomposition analysis
Authors: Dewau Reta , Angaw Dessie Abebaw , Kassa Getahun Molla , Dagnew Baye , Yeshaw Yigizie , Muche Amare , Feleke Dejen Getaneh , Molla Eshetie , Yehuala Enyew Dagnew , Tadesse Sisay Eshete , Yalew Melaku , Fentaw Zinabu , Asfaw Ahmed Hussien , Andargie Assefa , Chanie Muluken Genetu , Ayele Wolde Melese , Hassen Anissa Mohammed , Damtie Yitayish , Hussein Foziya Mohammed , Asfaw Zinet Abegaz , Addisu Elsabeth , Adane Bezawit , Ayele Fanos Yeshanew , Kefale Bereket , Zerga Aregash Abebayehu , Mekonnen Tefera Chane , Necho Mogesie , Ebrahim Oumer Abdulkadir , Adane Metadel , Ayele Tadesse Awoke
Published: July 2021

Background

Though institutional delivery plays a significant role in maternal and child health, there is substantial evidence that the majority of rural women have lower health facility delivery than urban women. So, identifying the drivers of these disparities will help policy-makers and programmers with the reduction of maternal and child death.

Methods

The study used the data on a nationwide representative sample from the most recent rounds of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of four East African countries. A Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis and its extensions was conducted to see the urban-rural differences in institutional delivery into two components: one that is explained by residence difference in the level of the determinants (covariate effects), and the other components was explained by differences in the effect of the covariates on the outcome (coefficient effects).

Results

The findings showed that institutional delivery rates were 21.00% in Ethiopia, 62.61% in Kenya, 65.29% in Tanzania and 74.64% in Uganda. The urban-rural difference in institutional delivery was higher in the case of Ethiopia (61%), Kenya (32%) and Tanzania (30.3%), while the gap was relatively lower in the case of Uganda (19.2%). Findings of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition and its extension showed that the covariate effect was dominant in all study countries. The results were robust to the different decomposition weighting schemes. The frequency of antenatal care, wealth and parity inequality between urban and rural households explains most of the institutional delivery gap.

Conclusions

The urban-rural institutional delivery disparities were high in study countries. By identifying the underlying factors behind the urban-rural institutional birth disparities, the findings of this study help in designing effective intervention measures targeted at reducing residential inequalities and improving population health outcomes. Future interventions to encourage institutional deliveries to rural women of these countries should therefore emphasize increasing rural women’s income, access to health care facilities to increase the frequency of antenatal care utilization.
Unhealthy lifestyles and brain condition: Examining the relations of BMI, living alone, alcohol intake, short sleep, smoking, and lack of exercise with gray matter volume
Authors: Kokubun Keisuke , Pineda Juan Cesar D. , Yamakawa Yoshinori
Published: July 2021

Unhealthy lifestyles are damaging to the brain. Previous studies have indicated that body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake, short sleep, smoking, and lack of exercise are negatively associated with gray matter volume (GMV). Living alone has also been found to be related to GMV through lowered subjective happiness. However, to our knowledge, no GMV study has dealt with these unhealthy lifestyles simultaneously. By our analyses based on 142 healthy Japanese participants, BMI, alcohol intake, living alone, and short sleep were negatively associated with the gray-matter brain healthcare quotient (GM-BHQ), an MRI-based normalized GMV, after controlling for age, sex, and facility, not only individually but also when they were entered into a single regression model. Moreover, there were small but significant differences in the proportion of the variance for GM-BHQ explained by variables in a regression model (measured by R squared) between when these unhealthy variables were entered in an equation at the same time and when they were entered separately, with the former larger than the latter. However, smoking and lack of exercise were not significantly associated with GM-BHQ. Results indicate that some kinds of unhealthy lifestyles are somewhat harmful on their own, but may become more noxious to brain condition if practiced simultaneously, although its difference may not be large. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that overlapping unhealthy lifestyles affects the brains of healthy adults.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice on first aid management of choking and associated factors among kindergarten teachers in Addis Ababa governmental schools, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional institution-based study
Authors: Maalim Issack Ali , Jiru Tilahun , Wubetie Aniley Andualem
Published: July 2021

Background

Choking refers to a blockage of upper airways by food or other objects resulting in interruption of breathing. It is a medical emergency that needs immediate action by anyone near by the victim to save life. Chocking is a major cause of illness and death in the pediatric population under the age of 5 years. Children at this age spent more time in their school and are at high risk during their feeding and playing. Immediate provision of first aid in response to choking by a preschool teacher will help to decrease the risk of developing life-threatening complications, length of hospital stays, the cost of treatment, and death.

Methods

Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was applied to the study area using pretested, structured, and self-administered questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with Knowledge, attitude, and practice of kindergarten teachers towards first aid management of choking.

Results

A total of 224 Kindergarten teachers were involved in the study with a response rate of 95%. Only eighty-three (37%) of them were knowledgeable and 97 (43.3%) have faced a choked child in the school compound. Of these, only 42 (43.2%) had provided first aid to the victim. Most of the respondents 95.1% had a positive attitude towards choking first aid and 57.1% of them agreed that choking needs immediate management. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that Kindergarten teachers with the previous first aid training were 2.9 times more knowledgeable than those kindergarten teachers without previous first aid training (AOR: 2.902, 95% CI: 1.612, 5.227)

Conclusions

The level of knowledge and skills for providing first aid for choking children among kindergarten teachers is low. There is a need for urgent intervention to train teachers regarding the provision of first aid for choking children.
Between-session reliability of performance and asymmetry variables obtained during unilateral and bilateral countermovement jumps in basketball players
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , García-Ramos Amador , Janicijevic Danica , Delgado-García Gabriel , De la Cruz Juan Carlos , Rojas F. Javier , Cepero Mar
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the between-session reliability of single-leg performance and asymmetry variables during unilateral and bilateral countermovement jumps (CMJ). Twenty-three basketball players completed two identical sessions which consisted of four unilateral CMJs (two with each leg) and two bilateral CMJs. Mean and peak values of force, velocity and power, impulse, and jump height were obtained separately for each leg using a dual force platform. All performance variables presented an acceptable reliability (CVrange= 4.05–9.98%) with the exceptions of jump height for the unilateral CMJs and mean power, peak velocity, peak power, and impulse for the left leg during the bilateral CMJ (CV≥11.0%). Nine out of 14 variables were obtained with higher reliability during the unilateral CMJ (CVratio≥1.16), and 4 out of 14 during the bilateral CMJ (CVratio≥1.32). Asymmetry variables always showed an unacceptable reliability (ICCrange= 0.15–0.64) andpoor/slightlevels of agreement in direction (Kapparange= -0.10 to 0.15) for the unilateral CMJ, while an acceptable reliability (ICCrange= 0.74–0.77) andsubstantiallevels of agreement in direction (Kapparange= 0.65 to 0.74) were generally obtained for the bilateral CMJ. These results suggest that single-leg performance can be obtained with higher reliability during the unilateral CMJ, while the bilateral CMJ provides more consistent measures of inter-limb asymmetries.
Ageing like a supermodel: Negotiating body in the celebrity ‘self-life writing’1
Authors: Geiger Zeman Marija , Zeman Zdenko
Published: July 2021

In the modelling profession, ageing is a multi-challenging process. By analysing the auto/biography Becoming by Cindy Crawford and Katherine O´Leary, the ageing issues prove to be particularly stimulating. Crawford views her private and professional, internal and external self through a temporal perspective. The special focus of the analysis is a relationship to the body exposed to multiple views. In this context, the auto/biographical text becomes a relevant and stimulating document for questioning (self)presentations of ageing female celebrities, analysing the production of new cultural notions of appropriate ageing and transformations of beauty ideology that creates new (unrealistic) standards, norms and expectations.
La cara oculta de la contrainsurgencia franquista a través de un mando de la Guardia Civil: la experiencia de Eulogio Limia Pérez
Authors: Fernández Pasalodos Arnau
Published: July 2021

El análisis de las estrategias contrainsurgentes desarrolladas por el bando sublevado y por la dictadura franquista se ha visto relegado a un segundo plano en la historiografía. Las publicaciones cuyo objeto de estudio han sido el surgimiento, el progreso y el ocaso de las agrupaciones, o partidas guerrilleras, han eclipsado de forma habitual la investigación relativa a las experiencias de los agentes represores. El objetivo del presente estudio es mostrar cómo las estrategias antiguerrilleras favorecieron el proceso de radicalización experimentado en el seno de la Guardia Civil, al mismo tiempo que generaron contradicciones, miedos y tensiones internas dentro del Instituto. Para ello, se recurre a   documentación del teniente coronel Eulogio Limia Pérez y a bibliografía especializada sobre la guerrilla antifranquista.
El peronismo y sus tradiciones políticas en los años de la proscripción. Las celebraciones del Primero de Mayo y del 17 de Octubre en la Argentina entre 1962 y 1966
Authors: Funes Andrés Nicolás
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo estudia las tradiciones políticas del peronismo entre 1962 y 1966 en Argentina. Para ello, se analiza el sentido otorgado a dos celebraciones de su espacio político: el «Primero de Mayo» y el «17 de Octubre». Se conciben las tradiciones políticas como un conjunto selectivo de valores y prácticas, transmitidas desde el pasado, pero desplazadas y disputadas en el presente. A través de periódicos nacionales y provinciales se examinan estas conmemoraciones, entendiendo que los rituales políticos enlazan a los participantes con el pasado, les dan sentido de pertenencia y escenifican jerarquías. Durante los años sesenta argentinos, si bien la proscripción al peronismo seguía vigente, los gobiernos civiles de Arturo Frondizi y Arturo Illia ofrecieron espacios para que partidos de filiación peronista se insertaran en el sistema político-institucional argentino. No así Perón. Además de intensificar los conflictos internos, esas tentativas tuvieron un cierto impacto en el sentido otorgado a ambas celebraciones rituales peronistas.
CATALÁN, Gustavo, Una mirada atrás. Fotografías de la Transición (1975-1982). Toledo, Almud Ediciones de Castilla-La Mancha, 2021, 108 pp.
Authors: López Torán José Manuel
Published: July 2021

Reseña: CATALÁN, Gustavo, Una mirada atrás. Fotografías de la Transición (1975-1982). Toledo, Almud Ediciones de Castilla-La Mancha, 2021, 112 pp.
A tanári munkát hátráltató tényezők a 2020. tavaszi digitális oktatás időszakában
Authors: Szabó Éva , Jagodics Balázs , Kóródi Kitti
Published: July 2021

A kényszerű digitális átállás időszakában a pedagógusok jelentős szakmai kihívással kerültek szembe 2020. márciusában. Ennek megoldását néhány tényező tovább nehezítette, melynek következtében a tanárok hatékonyságuk csökkenésről számoltak be (Jagodics és mtsai., 2020; Kóródi és mtsai., 2020). Kutatásunk célja a hatékonyságcsökkenés hátterében álló tényezők feltárása volt kvalitatív megközelítéssel. A résztvevő pedagógusok (N= 769, Méletkor = 46,3 év) szabadon válaszolhattak arra a kérdésre, hogy mi nehezítette a munkájukat ebben a kritikus időszakban. A kapott adatokat tartalomelemzésnek vetettük alá. A válaszokat nyílt kódolási módszerrel kategóriákba soroltuk, majd az Asszociatív Csoport Analízis (AGA) szabályainak megfelelően dolgoztuk fel, és elemeztük.A kvalitatív elemzés eredménye azt mutatta, hogy leginkább a módszertani kihívások és a személyes kontaktus hiánya nehezítette a pedagógusok munkáját, emellett viszonylag nagy súllyal és gyakorisággal jelentek meg a szervezési nehézségek és a technikai problémák is. A személyorientált elemzés nyomán sikerült azonosítani egymástól különböző pedagógus csoportokat, akik más-más nehézséget éreztek kiemelkedőnek ebben a helyzetben. Tanulmányunkban részletezzük az így kialakult pedagógus-profilokat és azok jellegzetességeit. A tanulmányban bemutatott eredmények segíthetik a digitális oktatás kapcsán felmerülő problémák jobb megértését, és a kezelésükhöz szükséges fejlesztő lépések kidolgozását.
Influence of Anterior Guidance on the Inclination of Horizontal Condylar Guidance in Dentulous Subjects - A Clinical Study
Authors: Shetty Naresh , Shetty Sanath , Sarfaraz Hasan , Ahmed Syed Ghouse , Mohammad Fahad
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND One of the most widely used methods to record horizontal condylar guidance is the use of protrusive interocclusal records. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the reliability of protrusive interocclusal record with and without the influence of anterior determinant on horizontal condylar guidance among dentulous patients. METHODS Diagnostic impressions of 21 participants were made and casts were poured. Facebow record were obtained and transferred to semi-adjustable articulator. Protrusive interocclusal records were made using Alu-wax. In group 1, protrusive interocclusal records were obtained at incisal edge to edge position (conventional method). In group 2, 3 and 4 protrusive interocclusal records were obtained at a distance of 4 mm, 6 mm and at incisal edge to edge position respectively using a customized flat anterior jig. Programming of the Hanau articulator were done for all the 4 groups. One-way ANOVA test and Pearson’s correlation tests were done to compare and correlate horizontal condylar guidance. RESULTS The mean values obtained for flat anterior jig at incisal edge to edge position, at 4 mm and 6 mm provided good Pearson correlation values for the right (R = 0.773, R = 0.779, R = 0.632) as well as the left side (R = 0.631, R = 0.601, R = 0.545) respectively, on comparison with the conventional incisal edge to edge values. This indicated a positive correlation which was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The horizontal condylar guidance is influenced by anterior determinant. Therefore, the reliability of protrusive records is dependent on eliminating the influence of anterior determinant. KEY WORDS Horizontal Condylar Guidance, Anterior Determinant, Protrusive Interocclusal Records
Guillain-Barre Syndrome with Covid-19 Infection
Authors: Pohekar Savita Bansiram , Kothe Amruta Shalikram
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 from Wuhan, China has spread easily all over the world. Most of the COVID-19 infected patients have fever and breathing disorders. Here, we report a case of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) with a COVID-19 infection. GBS is a very rare disease with corona virus infection. It is really hard to diagnose. In this state the limbs of the patient are slowly weakened. The condition worsens daily with weakness of the limbs. The Guillain-Barre syndrome is a complex and acute or chronic neurological condition. Campylobacter jejuni and other viruses, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr Virus, are causing this condition.1 It is a disorder that is progressive, symmetric, proximate, distal, and characterised by weakness. Muscle reflexes are reduced to absent. Aetiology is unclear, Death is uncommon. The diagnosis of GBS can be made by cerebrospinal fluid analysis and nerve conduction studies.2 We present a case of Guillain-Barre syndrome with COVID-19 infection, who presented to the emergency Outpatient department with complaints of weakness against his bilateral upper and lower limb.
Influence of pH Level and Type of Archwire on the Time Bound Release of Nickel Ions from Orthodontic Appliances - An In Vitro Study
Authors: Mohammed Azhar , Soans Crystal Runa , S. Shivananda , Joshi Yatishkumar S. , Junaid Junaid , Tarakaram Surapaneni
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Orthodontic metallic appliances in the oral cavity are constantly in contact with biological fluids or tissues thereby releasing particulate masses. They can be common causes of contact allergies and should be considered as a critical issue in determining properties of biomaterials. Nickel ions in various forms and compounds have been known to cause carcinogenic, mutagenic, cytotoxic and allergenic reactions. Pattern of metal ions released from different stainless steel orthodontic appliances in vitro could provide valuable information to consider their application in clinical scenarios. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate metal ions released under different ph levels, immersion period time and using different archwire orthodontic appliances. METHODS Orthodontic appliances were constructed consisting of five brackets from central incisor to the second premolar, a buccal tube welded molar band and an archwire that were used as samples. Total of twelve appliances were constructed; using stainless steel, Ni - Ti, and Thermal Ni - Ti wires (N = 4 each). Half of these samples were immersed in artificial saliva at pH 3.5 and the other half were immersed in artificial saliva at pH 6.75. The samples were stored in an incubator at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius. Saliva samples from these bottles were collected at the end of 1, 7, 14 and 28 days and subjected to spectrophotometric analysis for estimation of nickel content. RESULTS Nickel release was maximum during the first week of immersion from orthodontic appliances comprising of Ni - Ti wires compared to Stainless steel and thermal Ni - Ti. A gradual decline in the nickel release was observed in the subsequent weeks. Ion release was increased by 30 times in the acidic pH medium, as compared to neutral pH conditions. CONCLUSIONS There is a definite release of nickel ions from orthodontic appliances when exposed to oral environment; however, the amounts are much lower than the daily dietary intake and don’t pose risk of toxicity. Care should be taken in patients with nickel hypersensitivity and wires such as beta - titanium or epoxy coated wires can be substituted. As there is an increase in ion release under acidic conditions the patients need to maintain hygienic oral environment thereby limiting corrosion of appliances. KEY WORDS NitiAlloy, Archwires, pH, Hypersensitivity
Evaluation of Clinical Characteristics and Knowledge in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: G. Sathya Prabha , N. Srinivasan , K.T. Manisenthil Kumar , S. Aravindh
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Chronic conditions of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease with unknown aetiology and relapse were collectively known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The occurrence of the disease in recent years has increased in developing countries like India with the higher rate of prevalence. The objective of the study was to evaluate the sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and knowledge in inflammatory bowel disease at a tertiary care hospital and also associate the variables with the disease and knowledge that was provided with pictorial education. Significantly, knowledge about the clinical condition and informational demands have hitherto not been studied in south India. METHODS This was an observational and nonrandomized study in 54 inflammatory bowel disease patients which was conducted from November 2018 to December 2019 at a tertiary care hospital. We obtained the patients sociodemographic and clinical characteristics through patient’s proforma and evaluated the patient’s disease knowledge using the validated questionnaire through direct interview method. Once after collecting the baseline information, patients were educated and provided with pictorial leaflets. RESULTS After the recruitment of 54 patients, there were 26 (48.6 %) ulcerative colitis patients and 28 (51.4 %) Crohn’s disease patients. Among inflammatory bowel disease patients, location of ulcerative colitis was maximum in pancolitis portion with mean of 16.00 ± 1.46 and the location of Crohn’s disease was maximum in ileac part with a mean of 15.91 ± 1.97. Insufficient knowledge of disease was observed during baseline visit but there was a slight improvement in the post visit after the pictorial education. The mean knowledge score during the baseline visit was 9.56 ± 3.26 and in the post visit period was 15.17 ± 1.16. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that pictorial education may improve knowledge and empower the patients by reducing the risk of various complications of the disease, as increasing trend of the disease can be managed by better outcome with the healthcare members. KEY WORDS Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Sociodemographic Features, Clinical Characteristics and Knowledge
Innovative Technique for the Closure of Rectovaginal Fistula Using Amplatzer™ Septal Occluder
Authors: Alabaz Omer , Topal Ugur
Published: July 2021

Rectovaginal fistulas (RVF) result from an abnormal epithelial connection between the vagina and the rectum, allowing the intestinal contents to pass through the vagina.1 Patients may clinically present with vaginal faeces or gas discharge in addition to inflammation in the pelvic cavity, which may lead to severe infection and poor quality of life.2 RVF is seen in women who previously received treatment for a malignant disease in the pelvic region. The malignancies in the pelvic area are often treated with radiotherapy. This treatment results in tissue damage and poor healing.3 Management of postoperative RVF is difficult and the results are often unsatisfactory. Currently there is no widely accepted and standardized treatment for RVF.3, 4 In the treatment of RVF, various surgical flaps (endorectal or vaginal), vascular tissue flaps (Martius, gracilis), grafts or biomaterials have been used.3,5,6 This case shows the first results using the Amplatzer™ Septal Occluder for the closure of rectovaginal fistula.
Railroad ballast of granites and basic rock in tropical regions: relationships between petrography, physical-mechanical properties and alterability
Authors: dos Santos Rony Souza , Ribeiro Rogério Pinto , Paraguassú Antenor Braga , Xavier Gustavo de Castro
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate, comparatively, the evolution of this degradation of three rock types, two granitoids and a microgabbro which, eventually, could be used as ballast, due to the proximity of the quarries to the design route of a railroad to be built between São Paulo and around Campinas, State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. They were tested for alterability in sodium sulfate and ethylene glycol solutions. Based on detailed petrographic analysis, Micro-Deval and Slake Durability Index tests were performed with and without conjugation to the referred alterability tests. The results obtained are punctual, valid and positive for the samples of the rock masses carefully selected and described, considering the different characteristics of the granitoids belonging to the Morungaba and Cantareira Complexes. In the case of basic rock, the microgabbro, should not be used as ballast in the studied tropical climate area, since the exposed fragments that make up the ballast are intensely affected by chemical weathering (notably reactions accelerated by water and temperature), which culminate in the decomposition of primary minerals and, consequently, in the faster physical-mechanical degradation of this rock. In practice, more frequent periodic maintenance and higher costs.
Assessment of the Solid Waste Dumping of Jahangirnagar University Campus in Bangladesh
Authors: Hafsa Bibi , Ahmed Raju
Published: July 2021

Solid waste management is a burning issue all over Bangladesh. Jahangirnagar University campus is also facing serious problems; especially, open waste dumping. In Jahangirnagar University open solid waste dumping sites are increasing which is illegal and contradictory to the environmental protection act. Solid waste created a toxicant environment which could be affected to the natural environment. In this circumstance, to protect the natural environment modern waste management strategy “clean and green” concept has been accepted in many renowned Universities for the higher education of the world.
Conceptualized Simulation for Templating Carbon Based Nano Structures for Li-ion Batteries: A DFT Investigation
Authors: Zaidi S.Z.J , Hassan S. , Raza M. , Harito C. , Yuliarto B. , Walsh F.C
Published: July 2021

CNT (10, 0) is carbon nanotube; Graphene is a 2-dimensional carbon allotrope being light weight and Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide. In this work, detailed analysis of the above three stated compounds as anode for lithium-ion batteries is stated. The density function theory (DFT) computations were used to carry out the investigation of the above stated compound as anode materials for the lithium-ion batteries. The analysis shows that Graphene and Chitosan are highly favorable to be used as anodes materials for the lithium-ion batteries. The results show that the Vcell of Graphene and Chitosan when they are used as an anode for lithium-ion batteries are extremely higher as compared to CNT (10, 0) at 5.632 Volts, 4.719 Volts and 1.22 Volts, respectively.
Supporting intercultural communication with visual information in virtual exchanges: when a picture paints a thousand words
Authors: Fondo Marta
Published: July 2021

Virtual exchanges (VEs) based on synchronous video communication allow learners to benefit from online intercultural experiences with a high degree of interactivity (Wang, 2004). Video conferencing tools allow synchronous audio-visual and non-verbal communication as in Face-To-Face (FTF) situations (Kock, 2005), although synchronous video communication differs from FTF communication because participants are not in the same physical space during interactions. However, technological restrictions during interaction can be compensated by media users as they adapt their communication behaviour (Walsh, 2018). This is the case of the present study which analyses the use of the video camera by learners to support oral communication with the visual information present in their physical spaces. For this purpose, 50 video-recorded intercultural activities carried out by 30 pairs of undergraduate students in Spain, Ireland, Mexico, and the United States were analysed through observation techniques. Results show how Visual Supported Actions (VSAs) are a new digital non-verbal communication which supports intercultural communication in the Foreign Language (FL), blurring the contextual physical restrictions of video conferences. Moreover, the study shows that VSAs are a new way of online Self-Disclosure (SD), a process of communication through which one person reveals information about themselves to another (Sprecher et al., 2013).
Continuous professional development on virtual exchange in Europe: insights from the Erasmus+ VE introductory online course
Authors: Beaven Ana , Davies Gillian
Published: July 2021

This presentation focuses on the Erasmus+ online introductory training course, which aims to introduce university educators and administrative/technical staff to Virtual Exchange (VE). The training, which requires no previous experience with VE, engages the participants in tasks that help them understand the requirements to successfully integrate an Erasmus+ VE project into existing courses and curricula, while gaining experience in digital literacy, including communicating and collaborating online. After a brief presentation of the structure of the four-week course, we will show how the design of the course – based on an experiential learning approach – elicited reflections and discussions on pedagogical and technological issues crucial to successful VE projects. Finally, we will show how forum interactions between teaching and administrative staff helped all the participants understand the pedagogical, technological, and administrative implications of setting up VE projects, and identify the necessary steps to engage the different stakeholders (teachers, administrative and technical staff, top management, and students) within their institutions. The overall evaluation of all training courses was highly positive: respondents reported discovering that the course boosted their confidence in communicating or working in a culturally diverse setting. They also felt that the training helped them develop their intercultural awareness, digital competences, active listening, communication skills, and acquire ideas for new teaching practices.
The Green Economy Concept as Development Strategy of Cempaka Tourism Village toward Sustainable Tourism Development
Authors: Hidayattuloh Mohamad Heri , Bambang Azis Nur , Amirudin Amirudin
Published: July 2021

Green economy is an economic concept that aims to improve human welfare, reduce inequality, and preserve the environment and carry out development that is in line with the carrying capacity of the environment. Tegal Regency has a complete tourist attraction consisting of natural attractions and special interest attractions. One of the special interest attractions being developed is Cempaka Tourism Village, Bumijawa District. This Cempaka Tourism Village relies on the concept of populist economy based on local wisdom and the beauty of the natural environment. The purpose of this study is to inventory the potential and attractiveness of Cempaka Tourism Village and to prioritize the most suitable tourism potential in the development of Cempaka Tourism Village as a means of improving the community's economy based on the concept of a green economy. This paper employs both the qualitative and quantitative methods. The analytical tool used is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method with the help of the Expert Choice application. Based on the results, it can be seen that Cempaka Tourism Village has the potential and attractiveness to be developed into a tourist village with the concept of a green economy. The best priority in the development of Cempaka Tourism Village is to utilize the Slumpring Market as an alternative to improve the environment-based community economy.
Government Investment in The Education Sector for Human Capital Development
Authors: Suhaili Muhammad , Widayati Ani , Fatah Abdul
Published: July 2021

An indicator is considered more representative to be used as a benchmark for development, namely the Human Development Index (HDI). The Human Development Index is another alternative to the definition of development that it is not only economic resources as a means to achieve development goals. The government has made various efforts to improve the quality of education to develop quality human resources. One of the components in the education budget is the education budget through transfers to the regions and village funds. Transfers to regions and village funds consist of general allocation funds and special allocation funds. This study aims to examine the effect of the government’s investment in the education sector through the education budget, particularly Special Allocation Funds-Physical (SAF Physical) and Special Allocation Funds-Non-Physical (SAF Non-Physical) on the Human Development Index (HDI). The study consists of two independent variables, i.e., Special Allocation Funds-Physical (SAF Physical) and Special Allocation Funds-NonPhysical (SAF Non-Physical), and one dependent variable: Human Development Index (HDI). The method used is a quantitative method with multiple regression analysis-ordinary least square (OLS). The data used is secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics/Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) in 2010-2018. The results showed that Special Allocation Funds-Physical (SAF Physical) and Special Allocation Funds-Non-Physical (SAF Non-Physical) significantly influence the Human Development Index (HDI). The Special Allocation Funds-Physical (SAF Physical) has a negative and insignificant effect. In contrast, the Special Allocation Funds-Non-Physical (SAF Non-Physical) has a positive and significant effect on the Human Development Index. Therefore, the government is expected to increase educational investment by allocating more budgets on both physical and non-physical investment to improve the quality of Human Resources.
Community Resilience to Climate Change in Agricultural Sector (Case Study of Sentolo Subdistrict)
Authors: Nucifera Fitria , Riasasi Widiyana , Sekaranom Andung Bayu , Nurjani Emilya
Published: July 2021

Climate change has become a global issue over last decades. Its impact affects to various aspects of human life. Uncertainty of dry and wet seasons present a consequence to and create losses on agriculture sector. Therefore, resilience to climate change is necessary for farmers. This research aims to identify exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity within the framework of community resilience to climate change in agricultural sector. Parameters used in this research include rainfall variability representing system exposure, landuse and topography representing sensitivity, and farmer’s knowledge and behavior representing adaptive capacity. Secondary data used in this research are daily rainfall data, land use and topographic maps, while primary data obtained by interview using purposive sampling method to measure adaptive capacity of farmers community. We employ trend, spatial, and descriptive analysis. The results show that Sentolo Subdistrict has a relatively high exposure to extreme events both in wet and dry seasons that occurred 5 times in 12 years. However, this high exposure did not affect agriculture sector on Sentolo significantly, both in terms of damages and losses to farmers. It indicates that the sensitivity to climate change in this area is low, while farmers’ community in Sentolo has a high level of adaptive capacity. They have sufficient level of knowledge to climate change, better adjustment to technology and well-managed assets. This interplay shows that the agricultural community in the study area has a relatively high resilience to climate change.
Upper facial surgery: simultaneous hairline-lowering surgery during endoscopic forehead lifting
Authors: Min Jang Hwan , Park Jinwoo , Baek Wooyeol
Published: July 2021

Background Endoscopic forehead lifting is one of the most common procedures in the field of upper facial surgery. The upper third of the face determines the facial expression and plays a key role in the appearance of facial youth. After the forehead, a high hairline is one of the most important features of the upper third of the face contributing to age identification. The combined evaluation of these two features should be a basic premise of upper facial surgery.Methods The authors present a surgical sequence in which endoscopic forehead lifting and lowering of the high hairline by means of a scalp flap advancement are carried out during the same operation. The incision line is located along the hairline. After the scalp and forehead flap are moved, they are fixed using the bone tunnel fixation method.Results In total, 194 patients were treated with endoscopic forehead lifting and simultaneous hairline lowering between August 2018 and July 2020. On average, the patients’ hairlines were 18 mm lower and their eyebrows were 5 mm higher. No patients had serious complications.Conclusions Endoscopic forehead lifting and simultaneous hairline lowering surgery make it possible to address the entire upper third of the face in a single facial rejuvenation operation.
Correction of a brow ridge deformity in a comminuted depressed skull fracture using a multiple-layered pericranial flap: the Persian carpet method
Authors: Jun Daiwon , Kim Jin Kwan , Suh Young Chul , Kim Young Jin
Published: July 2021

Frontal sinus fractures are common traumatic injuries of the head and neck, accounting for 8% of facial fractures. When a severe frontal sinus fracture and a naso-ethmoid-orbital fracture occur together, a postoperative contour deformity is highly likely. A pericranial flap is a reliable and versatile tool for craniofacial reconstruction. The authors fabricated an anteriorly-based pericranial flap in multiple layers to camouflage the fracture site and augment the brow ridge for volumization. Open reduction and pericranial flap coverage using this method (dubbed the “Persian carpet” method) were successfully performed in a 26-year-old male patient with a comminuted frontal bone fracture and a naso-ethmoid-orbital fracture.