bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Economic Determinants on Capital Structure with Market Conditions as a Control Variable (Case Study of IDX-Listed LQ 45 Manufacturing Company in 2015-2019)
Authors: Theresalin Theresalin , Agung Ulupui I Gusti Ketut , Kuncara Harya
Published: February 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of economic determinants on Capital Structure as measured by Profitability, Company Size, Company Growth, Asset Structure, Liquidity, Effective Tax Rate, Business Risk in LQ 45 Manufacturing Companies Listed on the IDX in the 2015 – 2019 Period. The information used in this study came from the company's annual report, which was made available to the public via the Indonesia Stock Exchange or the company's website. Purposive sampling was employed, with a total sample size of 135 samples. Multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to analyze the data in this study. Classic assumption testing, such as descriptive analysis, chow test, Hausman test, LM test, data normality, heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity, and autocorrelation, had previously been performed on the data. The research data were found to be regularly distributed during the observation period. No variables diverged from the traditional assumptions based on the normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation tests. This demonstrates that employing several linear regression equation models, the given data met the requirements. The variables of company size, company growth, effective tax rate, and business risk do not have a substantial effect on capital structure, according to this study. Capital structure is influenced by profitability, asset structure, and liquidity.
Supervisors Professionality Implementation in Improving The Creativity of Islamic Religious Education Teachers: Study of Middle School Learning Management in Sumedang Regency
Authors: Sukarelawan Asep Ganjar , Heru Sujiarto  , Gaffar Andriana , Mardiana Dinny
Published: February 2022

This research is based on the non-optimal professionality of supervisors, which in turn has an impact (outcome) on the quality of learning output(output)in the form of increased creativity of teachers who overall the relationship between these components forms a system. The main problem of this research is how the implementation of supervision of the creativity of Islamic Education teachers in improving the quality of learning, both from planning, implementation, evaluation, follow-up. This study aims to find out the picture related to the implementation of supervision on planning, implementation, evaluation and follow-up in increasing the creativity of Teachers of Islamic Religious Education Junior High School in Sumedang Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach using descriptive analysis. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis is done through data reduction, organizing and grouping, examination, interpretation, and verification. The data analysis is further described according to the problem and the purpose of the research. The results showed that the planning of supervisory coaching of Islamic Religious Education teachers was developed based on the results of supervision in the previous year and contained coaching priorities with their achievement targets in the short, medium-term, and long term
Penggunaan Metode Resitasi dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran Fiqih di MTS Madrasatul Qur’an Tebuireng Jombang
Authors: Mawaddah Umi Khumairoh , Ilahiyah Iva Inayatul
Published: February 2022

Learning is the activity of delivering knowledge given by educators to students which aims to achieve educational targets. From this learning activity can be determined whether or not the goals of education are achieved. The use of inappropriate methods can cause problems during learning activities. The material that has been delivered by the educator will be in vain because students cannot digest the lesson effectively. The use of the recitation method in learning activities can increase the effectiveness of learning. The purpose of this study is to explain the use of the recitation method or the most effective assignment if applied in MTs Madrasatul Qur'an because it trains students to think and be responsible when carrying out the obligations presented by the educator. Besides directing students to think and be responsible for using the recitation method, it also trains students' independence so that students become more active because they seek or explore knowledge on their own without assistance from the educators. So that the learning objectives are easily achieved and will produce quality learning. In this study the approach used is descriptive qualitative. And the type of research used is field research or field research and uses qualitative research methods. The results of this study indicate that the recitation method can improve the quality of Fiqh learning, it can be seen from the students who are very enthusiastic about participating in learning activities and the increase in the value of student learning outcomes can be seen from the student assignment scores above the KKM score.
Pemikiran Thomas Aquinas: Relevansi Pendidikan Spiritual dan Moral Aquinas dengan Pendidikan Islam di Tengah Era Disrupsi
Authors: Muvid Muhamad Basyrul
Published: February 2022

Globalization gave birth to a new paradigm for human life that gave rise to both negative and positive sides. Most of them are trapped in the negative side of globalization. The negative paradigms are liberalism, secularism, individualism, materialism, hedonism which causes humans to be far from the spirit of religion and norms. Finally, he experienced a drought; spiritual and moral crisis that has an impact on his social life. The purpose of this study is to analyze the thoughts of Thomas Aquinas, who is a famous realist philosophy figure about spiritual and moral education as a solution to the problems of society in the era of disruption and its relevance to Islamic education. Aquinas' spiritual education is a process to educate people to know their God by optimizing their minds through the meaning of the five paths offered by Aquinas. Then, Aquinas' moral education is the process of forming behavior in accordance with God's instructions as an effort to achieve true happiness by always emphasizing actions that are in accordance with God's norms. The relevance of Aquinas' spiritual and moral education with Islamic education is that Islamic education is also a process to educate people to become obedient individuals to God and individuals who uphold moral values ​​for their social life. Spiritual and moral aspects are a priority in Islamic education in addition to the knowledge aspect.
Implementation of Hidden Curriculum in Online Learning at PKVM Al Ishlah Central Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors:   Community Education Study Program, Postgraduate Program - State University of Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia, Durotul Yatimah Karnadi
Published: February 2022

The main quality of a nation is mainly determined by the quality of its education. The national education system according to Law No. 20 of 2003 includes formal education, non-formal education and informal education. Equality education is a non-formal education unit with the same graduate competency standards as formal schools. During the COVID-19 pandemic, all learning pathways for education are carried out online. The problem is that not all educators have optimal readiness to carry out online learning, both in methods and media assistance, so every educator is required to be able to find the right form of online learning to implement the formal curriculum and at the same time a hidden curriculum to develop the knowledge, skills and mental character of the participants educate.
Experiences of Patients with Bipolar Disorder in a Psychoeducational Group: A Qualitative Study
Authors:   Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay sin número, Talca, Chile., Salgado Raúl Hormazábal
Published: February 2022

Background: Bipolar disorder contributes to high rates of morbidity with serious consequences on the quality of life. There is limited research on life experience of people with this mental disorder in educational interventions, in Chile. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder who participated in a psychoeducational programme in a regional hospital. Methodology: The methodological approach used was qualitative descriptive. The participants were selected until the theoretical saturation of the information was reached. Information was collected through semi-structured interviews. Results: The psychoeducational group experience favours learning and acceptance of the disease. The interviewees reported seeing themselves reflected in other participants, feeling welcomed within the group, wanting to help and establishing close relationships with other participants. Confidence on mental healthcare providers and their role in educating about the disease and pharmacological treatment were emphasized. Conclusion: Psychoeducational group experience is significant for the interviewees and helps them manage their disease.
Economic Growth and Financial Deepening – A Case Study of Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Banking and Finance, College of Management and Social sciences, Rhema University Aba, Nigeria, Godfrey Dr. Ogbonna Udochukwu
Published: February 2022

The study examined Economic Growth and Financial Deepening – A Case Study of Nigeria. The study employed the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) to test the presence of multicollinearity in the model, Augmented Dicky Fuller (ADF) unit root test to check the stationarity of the variables, the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) was used to estimate the model established, and the Pairwise Granger Causality test to check the existence of causality among the dependent and independent variables. The result of the study of cointegration and equilibrium test of Economic Growth and Financial Deepening shows generally, a long run cointegration between economic growth and financial deepening. However, further study of the relationship shows that money supply shows a significant relationship with economic growth, while credit to private sector shows insignificant relationship with economic growth. Furthermore, there is no significant causal relationship between credit to private sector and gross domestic product, while there is an existence of bi-directional causality between money supply and gross domestic product. The implication of this is that money supply as it can cause economic growth and vice versa, while credit to private sector does not have any impact on economic growth.
Towards Secure Construction Networks: A Data-Sharing Architecture Utilizing Blockchain Technology and Decentralized Storage
Authors: Semih Sonkor Muammer , Garcia de Soto Borja
Published: February 2022

Collaboration in construction projects is reinforced with building information modelling (BIM) technologies and the use of common data environments (CDEs). However, utilizing centralized data-sharing platforms in projects involving many stakeholders from different disciplines/organizations raises cybersecurity concerns. This article proposes a data-sharing architecture that utilizes blockchain technology and decentralized storage for enhanced cybersecurity. The proposed schema suggests not storing the project files in the blockchain blocks but instead storing their fingerprints. Decentralized storage is proposed for storing and exchanging the actual files in the construction network. While blockchain provides immutability and enables enhanced change tracking, utilizing a peer-to-peer (P2P) decentralized storage mechanism improves the transaction speed and reduces the total size of the blockchain (copy) that every stakeholder holds in the network. The article presents the proposed idea on a conceptual level. The authors are working on a prototype of the proposed data-sharing architecture to better understand the possible limitations for further improvement and actual implementation.
Organ Donation in the 21st Century a Call for Social Care
Authors:   Faculty of Medical Sciences Buenos Aires, Catholic University Argentina, Cantarovich Félix
Published: February 2022

This study analyses the current state of a serious and persistent social emergency, the shortage of organs, and discusses possible alternatives for a solution. It should be mentioned in this regard that society is currently experiencing a terrible epidemic with high rates of contamination and critical mortality, COVID 19. This serious situation has generated changes in the medical-social approaches and in the therapeutically resources of habitual solution. Of course organ and tissue transplantation has had to undergo this health crisis. The persistent presence of “organ shortage” before the pandemic showed unsatisfactory statistical results of organ transplants worldwide. Based on the results, the following key factors have been suggested as potentially responsible for this reality, and ideas and conclusions
Atypical Macular Distortion After Chlorine Dioxide Administration Case Report
Authors:   Human Photosynthesis® Research Center. Aguascalientes, México, Herrera Arturo Solís , Solís-Arias Paola E
Published: February 2022

Chlorine dioxide, and its byproducts, chlorite, and chlorate, at daily dose of 5 ppm, administered to normal healthy adult male volunteers for 12 weeks, was accompanied by no clinically important physiological effects. An extensive battery of tests was used to evaluate the physiological impact of the ingested water disinfectants [1].
ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TOWARDS TEACHING ART AND DESIGN USING ICT TOOLS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN AKURE, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA.
Authors: ADELOYE Adebayo
Published: February 2022

This study assessed the attitudes of secondary school students in Akure south local government, Ondo state towards learning Art using ICT tools. The study adopted survey research design. Two hundred (200) students were randomly selected from four schools in Akure south local government area of Ondo state. One objective and one research hypothesis were generated for the study. Students Attitude towards ICT (SATICT) questionnaire was used as the research instrument for the study. The study revealed that students, both male and female have a positive disposition towards learning Art using ICT tools. It was therefore recommended that the use ICT in the teaching of Art be engrafted in the curriculum of Art in secondary schools.
CASE STUDY ON SMALL LUNG CELL CARCINOMA IN A 26-YEAR-OLD MALE
Authors: Achonu Chinmeri U , Iwuchukwu Peter J , Ogunleye Ezekiel
Published: February 2022

Introduction: A small-cell lung carcinoma is an aggressive form of lung cancer that is strongly associated with cigarette smoking and tends to early disseminate in the body. It represents about 20 per cent of all lung cancer. Increasing evidence has implicated autocrine growth loops, proto-oncogenes, and tumour-suppressor genes in its development as well as cigarette smoking, exposure to occupational carcinogens such as radon, asbestos, arsenic, crystalline silicon and benzopyrene e.t.c.

Materials and Methods: This case study reports the management of suspected small lung cell cancer in a resource-limited centre diagnosed from transthoracic pleural biopsy in a 26-year-old male who had a history of cigarette smoking from preteen years (9 years). He was stabilized at the emergency with insertion of chest tube, antibiotics, analgesics and oxygen but couldn't commence treatment for lung cancer owing to the late diagnostic test done as a result of severe financial constraints and died three weeks post-hospital admission.

Results: This case shows that early exposure to risk factors associated with lung cancer such as cigarette smoking, exposure to harmful chemicals in Plaster of Paris can lead to aggressive lung cancers like small cell lung cancer in young people.

Recommendations: Increase public awareness of tobacco smoking in all age groups, adequate healthcare financing and insurance schemes and adequate funding for small cell lung cancer research to improve and promote prevention, early detection and proper treatment of the disease.
Bird Populations Associated With an Electric Transmission Right-Of-Way
Authors: Yahner Richard H. , Hutnik Russell J. , Liscinsky Stephen A.
Published: February 2022

A 2-year study of bird populations was conducted along a 230-kV transmission line right-of-way (ROW) in spring (June) and summer (August) 2000 and 2001. Forty-four species were observed on the ROW during 2000 and 2001. In 1987 and 1988 combined, 39 species were noted on the ROW; thus, bird populations have changed relatively little over the past 13 to 14 years. In both 2000 and 2001, slightly more species occurred on the ROW in summer (n = 26—32) than in spring (n = 25—26), and considerably fewer species were noted in the adjacent forest in both spring (n = 8—13) and summer (n = 7). Common bird species (≥50 individuals/100 ha/day) on the ROW were those adapted to brushy or early successional habitat. Most species were found in the low-volume basal spray and foliage spray units (n = 29 and 28 species, respectively), and fewest species were noted in the handcutting unit (n = 19 species). Considerably more bird species were observed in border zones than in wire zones of the ROW in 2000 and 2001 combined (n = 39 versus 17 species, respectively). Moreover, abundance of all bird species combined was nearly fourfold higher in border zones (1,530 individual birds/100 ha/day) than in wire zones (393 birds/100 ha/day). Thus, the border zone is a very important habitat for birds along a ROW, with its combination of shrub-forb-grass cover type.
The Efficacy of Micro-Injected Imidacloprid and Oxydemeton-Methyl on Red Gum Eucalyptus Trees (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) Infested With Red Gum Lerp Psyllid (Glycaspis brimblecombei)
Authors: Young Lester C.
Published: February 2022

A stand of red gum eucalyptus trees(Eucalyptus camaldulensis)heavily infested with red gum lerp psyllid (RGLP)(Glycaspis brimblecombei)was micro-injected at crown level with a single standard treatment of imidacloprid, oxydemeton-methyl, or a combination of both. Psyllid populations were monitored for 15 months following initial treatment. Significant mortality and reduced population levels of immature RGLP occurred within 1 week following an application of all treatment materials. Oxydemeton-methyl was significantly effective, when compared to untreated trees, for approximately 2 months. Imidacloprid-treated trees showed statistically significant reduction of psyllid nymphs, compared to untreated trees, for approximately 8 months. The combination of both materials significantly reduced psyllid nymph populations for approximately 8 months. Many trees continued to show control up to 15 months with imidacloprid. However, nymph population variances among treatment trees were too high to statistically detect significant differences among treatment averages. The longer residual activity in some trees may indicate variability among individual trees sustaining levels of imidacloprid beyond 8 months.
Discoloration and Decay Associated With Hardware Installation in Trees
Authors: Kane Brian C.P. , Ryan H.D.P.
Published: February 2022

Tree support systems have been used for many years to help reduce the risk of tree failure due to weak and split crotches and from cracks in branches and trunks. Because any wound that breaks the bark of a tree initiates the decay and compartmentalization processes, new tree support systems have been designed to eliminate the need to drill holes into a tree during installation. Recent research suggests that the new systems do not injure tree parts as much as drilling holes, because drilling wounds the tree. A sample of 20 bolts of wood that had hardware previously installed was collected from arborists throughout the northeastern United States. The samples received came from trees regarded as good compart-mentalizers. Simple measurements and visual analysis indicate that decay and discoloration directly attributable to hardware installation appear not to be as severe as expected (even after 37 years in one sample). More quantitative research into physiological and mechanical aspects of tree support systems is needed to assess each system’s utility for arborists.
Comparative Study of GRIHA, LEED, BREEAM Rating Systems for Green Building
Authors: Pratibha Patil  , Alka Avasthi  , Vijeta Kundlikar  , Sampat Nanaware  , Prasad Joshi
Published: February 2022

The negative impacts of the industries such climate change, global warming, ozone depletion and inefficient resource consumption have received a great concern and awareness among the public, politicians and academicians and this need demand of Green or sustainable design approach in all industries and sectors. Thus, a lot of efforts have been applied either in terms of theories or practices in order to reduce the adverse impacts of the industries. Green building rating tool, is a voluntary environmental rating system which evaluates the environmental design and construction of buildings, amid growing concern about urban environmental degradation. In this study, three primary rating systems prevailing in India are selected and analysed with the aim of providing insights into the current situations; highlighting the strengths, weaknesses, successes, and failures; and making recommendations for future improvements. The common aspect of all the rating system is to create a sustainable architecture in all respect so as to minimize negative environmental impact upon the environment. Certain analysis and data have been represented in this paper with the help of case study to highlight ambiguities and shortcomings in the weighting, scoring, and rating, which is mentioned in discussions. The three most prevailing rating system in India GRIHA, BREEAM and has been studied and compared with each other on the criteria upon which that are based.
Implementación de técnicas digitales para la documentación arqueológica en la villa romana de Salar (Granada)
Authors: Henestrosa Ángela Rosa , Román Punzón Julio M. , Moreno Alcaide Manuel , Ruiz Montes Pablo
Published: February 2022

La aplicación de técnicas digitales para la documentación gráfica es, cada vez, más habitual en los proyectos de investigación arqueológica. Sin embargo, su implementación se ha realizado, en muchos casos, sin la necesaria reflexión crítica acerca de su utilidad real frente a los sistemas tradicionales, y/o un breve análisis que permita optimizar su uso. En este trabajo, pretendemos ofrecer ciertas evidencias al respecto de la relación entre tiempo, usabilidad y precisión en la aplicación de técnicas fotogramétricas para la representación gráfica en intervenciones arqueológicas a partir de nuestra experiencia en la villa romana de Salar.
Radiotelegraph communication of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR) of 1917-1921 as a fundamental basis for the founding of public radio broadcasting in Ukraine
Authors: Nahorniak Maiia
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the article is to study the issues related to the unexplored period of formation of the Ukrainian national radio broadcasting. It is about the proclamation and foundation of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR)1917–1921; to prove that radiotelegraph content serves as a prototype of modern public radio broadcasting in Ukraine.The research methodology involved the use of methods belonging to two groups: scientific and practical methods –method of studying archival materials, observation and description; scientifiс theoretical methods –formalization, axiomatization, analysis and synthesis, analogy.One of the first steps of the UNR government was creation of the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs, which was engaged in the production of radiotelegraph content. It allowed for effective internal and external communication of the UNR government. The main form of content was numerous orders, orders, speeches, appeals, explanatory notes, which we consider a prototype of primary information messages.Results. One of the first steps of the UNR government was creation of the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs, which was engaged in the production of radiotelegraph content. It allowed for effective internal and external communication of the UNR government. The main form of content was numerous orders, orders, speeches, appeals, explanatory notes, which we consider the primary information messages.Given the high social significance of radiotelegraph content, its extreme relevance in a controversial historical era, prompt delivery to the audience, a balanced approach to information, there is every reason to believe that radiotelegraph communication is a precursor to modern public radio broadcasting in Ukraine.Conclusions. Radiotelegraphic content of the Ukrainian People's Republic of the period 1917–1921 became the first information product of the young country's activity. Thanks to the production of this content, the first steps in providing it have been taken domestic and foreign institutions, communities with reliable, comprehensive information about the turbulent events of the First World War and the postwar years. Dissemination of important socio-political information by radiotelegraph and radio communication was considered a strategic task of the state. Having passed a long and painful way of its formation, the radiotelegraphic content of the period of the Ukrainian People's Republic of 1917–1921 later managed to produce purely radio methods and techniques of presenting information, which could not but affect the quality and effectiveness of providing the community with important and necessary socially significant information, which is the basis for the development of public broadcasting in Ukraine. Key words: radiotelegraph, radiocommunication, radiotelegraphic content, information message, public radio broadcasting.
CAPITAL CULTURAL E EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Guimarães Reginaldo Oliveira
Published: February 2022

Este artigo tem o objetivo de promover uma breve reflexão sobre os argumentos expostos por Bourdieu sobre o capital cultural e sua contribuição no processo educativo onde ele explica a diferença entre educação formal escolar e a educação familiar e como este segundo processo pode contribuir com a educação formal. Com esse objetivo, foi produzida, no decurso deste artigo, uma reflexão a fim de avaliar o posicionamento da família na educação dos filhos perante os desafios impostos pelo capitalismo; e, nas últimas décadas, pelo neoliberalismo. Foram efetuadas pesquisas para fins de complementação dos argumentos usados por Bourdieu em sua obra. A escolha do tema justifica-se em função das inúmeras explicações e argumentações sobre as consequências do que vem ocorrendo na educação no Brasil, frente as imposições do sistema financeiro. A nosso ver, há um posicionamento governamental no sentido de adotar dispositivos legais para atender as demandas impostas pelo referido sistema, o que trouxe consequências cujo viés mais penoso é não admitir que a educação seja a mola propulsora do desenvolvimento de uma nação.
Are reactive oxygen species (ROS) a suitable metric to predict toxicity of carbonaceous aerosol particles?
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Hui , Hartner Elena , Utinger Battist , Gfeller Benjamin , Paul Andreas , Sklorz Martin , Czech Hendryk , Yang Bin Xia , Su Xin Yi , Jakobi Gert , Orasche Jürgen , Schnelle-Kreis Jürgen , Jeong Seongho , Gröger Thomas , Pardo Michal , Hohaus Thorsten , Adam Thomas , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Rudich Yinon , Zimmermann Ralf , Kalberer Markus
Published: February 2022

Abstract. It is being suggested that particle-bound or particle-induced
reactive oxygen species (ROS), which significantly contribute to the
oxidative potential (OP) of aerosol particles, are a promising metric
linking aerosol compositions to toxicity and adverse health effects.
However, accurate ROS quantification remains challenging due to the reactive
and short-lived nature of many ROS components and the lack of appropriate
analytical methods for a reliable quantification. Consequently, it remains
difficult to gauge their impact on human health, especially to identify how
aerosol particle sources and atmospheric processes drive particle-bound ROS
formation in a real-world urban environment. In this study, using a novel online particle-bound ROS instrument (OPROSI),
we comprehensively characterized and compared the formation of ROS in
secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) generated from organic compounds that
represent anthropogenic (naphthalene, SOANAP) and biogenic (β-pinene, SOAβPIN) precursors. The SOA mass was condensed onto
soot particles (SP) under varied atmospherically relevant conditions
(photochemical aging and humidity) to mimic the SOA formation from a mixing
of traffic-related carbonaceous primary aerosols and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We systematically
analyzed the ability of the aqueous extracts of the two aerosol types
(SOANAP-SP and SOAβPIN-SP) to induce ROS production
and OP. We further investigated cytotoxicity and cellular ROS production
after exposing human lung epithelial cell cultures (A549) to extracts of the
two aerosols. A significant finding of this study is that more than 90 %
of all ROS components in both SOA types have a short lifetime, highlighting
the need to develop online instruments for a meaningful quantification of
ROS. Our results also show that photochemical aging promotes particle-bound
ROS production and enhances the OP of the aerosols. Compared to SOAβPIN-SP, SOANAP-SP elicited a higher acellular and cellular ROS
production, a higher OP, and a lower cell viability. These consistent results
between chemical-based and biological-based analyses indicate that
particle-bound ROS quantification could be a feasible metric to predict
aerosol particle toxicity and adverse human effects. Moreover, the cellular
ROS production caused by SOA exposure not only depends on aerosol type but
is also affected by exposure dose, highlighting a need to mimic the process
of particle deposition onto lung cells and their interactions as
realistically as possible to avoid unknown biases.
Assessment of negative and positive CO2 emissions on global warming metrics using large ensemble Earth system model simulations
Authors: Vakilifard Negar , Williams Richard G. , Holden Philip B. , Turner Katherine , Edwards Neil R. , Beerling David J.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The benefits of implementing negative emission technologies for a century (years 2070–2170) on the global warming response to cumulative carbon emissions until year 2420 are assessed with a comprehensive set of intermediate complexity Earth system model integrations. Model integrations include 82 different model realisations covering a wide range of plausible climate states. The global warming response is assessed in terms of two key climate metrics: the effective transient climate response to cumulative CO2 emissions (eTCRE), measuring the surface warming response to cumulative carbon emissions and associated non-CO2 (RCP4.5) forcing, and the zero emissions commitment (ZEC), measuring the extent of any continued warming after net zero is reached. The TCRE is approximated from eTCRE by removing the contributions of non-CO2 forcing as 2.15 °C EgC−1 (with a 10–90 % range of 1.6 to 2.8 °C EgC−1). During the net positive emission phases, the eTCRE decreases from 2.62 (1.90 to 3.65) to 2.30 (1.73 to 3.23) °C EgC−1 due to a weakening in the increase in radiative forcing with an increase in atmospheric carbon, which is partly opposed by an increasing fraction of the radiative forcing warming the surface as the ocean stratifies. During the negative and zero emission phases, a progressive reduction of the eTCRE to 2.0 (1.4 to 2.8) °C EgC−1 is driven by the reducing airborne fraction as CO2 is drawn down by the ocean. The model uncertainty in the slopes of warming versus cumulative CO2 emissions varies from being controlled by the radiative feedback parameter during positive emissions to also being affected by ocean circulation and carbon-cycle parameters during zero or net-negative emissions. There is hysteresis in atmospheric CO2 and surface warming, where atmospheric CO2 and surface temperature are higher after peak emissions compared with before peak emissions. The continued warming after emissions cease defining the ZEC for the model mean without carbon capture is −0.01 °C at 25 years and decreases in time to −0.15 °C at 90 years after emissions cease. However, there is a spread in the ensemble with a temperature overshoot occurring in 50 % of the ensemble members at year 25. The ZEC only becomes negative in all ensemble members if modest carbon capture is included. Hence, incorporating negative emissions enhances the ability to meet climate targets and avoid risk of continued warming after net zero is reached.
A new digital Lithological Map of Italy at 1:100.000 scale for geo-mechanical modelling
Authors: Bucci Francesco , Santangelo Michele , Fongo Lorenzo , Alvioli Massimiliano , Cardinali Mauro , Melelli Laura , Marchesini Ivan
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Lithological maps contain information about the different lithotypes cropping out in an area. At variance with geological maps, portraying geologic formations, lithological maps may differ as a function of their purpose. Here, we describe the preparation of a lithological map of Italy at a scale of 1:100,000, obtained from classification of a comprehensive digital database and aimed at describing geo-mechanical properties. We first obtained the full database, containing about 300,000 geo-referenced polygons, from the Italian geological survey. We grouped polygons according to a lithological classification by expert analysis of the original 5,456 unique descriptions of polygons, following compositional and geo-mechanical criteria. The procedure resulted in a lithological map with a legend including 19 classes, and it is linked to a database allowing ready interpretation of the classes in geo-mechanical properties, and amenable to further improvement. The map is mainly intended for statistical and physically based modelling of slope stability assessment, geo-morphological and geo-hydrological modelling. Other possible applications include geo-environmental studies, evaluation of river chemical composition, estimation of raw material resources.
How many modes are needed to predict climate bifurcations? Lessons from an experiment
Authors: Dubrulle Bérengère , Daviaud François , Faranda Davide , Marié Louis , Saint-Michel Brice
Published: February 2022

Abstract. According to everyone's experience, predicting the weather reliably over more than 8 d seems an impossible task for our best weather agencies. At the same time, politicians and citizens are asking scientists for climate projections several decades into the future to guide economic and environmental policies, especially regarding the maximum admissible emissions of CO2. To what extent is this request scientifically admissible? In this review we will investigate this question, focusing on the topic of predictions of transitions between metastable states of the atmospheric or oceanic circulations. Two relevant examples are the switching between zonal and blocked atmospheric circulation at mid-latitudes and the alternation of El Niño and La Niña phases in the Pacific Ocean. The main issue is whether present climate models, which necessarily have a finite resolution and a smaller number of degrees of freedom than the actual terrestrial system, are able to reproduce such spontaneous or forced transitions. To do so, we will draw an analogy between climate observations and results obtained in our group on a laboratory-scale, turbulent, von Kármán flow in which spontaneous transitions between different states of the circulation take place. We will detail the analogy, investigate the nature of the transitions and the number of degrees of freedom that characterize the latter, and discuss the effect of reducing the number of degrees of freedom in such systems. We will also discuss the role of fluctuations and their origin and stress the importance of describing very small scales to capture fluctuations of correct intensity and scale.
Snow Avalanche Frequency Estimation (SAFE): 32 years of remote hazard monitoring in Afghanistan
Authors: Caiserman Arnaud , Sidle Roy C. , Gurung Deo Raj
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Snow avalanches are the predominant hazards in winter in high elevation mountains. They cause damage to both humans and assets but cannot be accurately predicted. Until now, only local maps to estimate snow avalanche risk have been produced. Here we show how remote sensing can accurately inventory large avalanches every year at a basin scale using a 32-yr snow index derived from Landsat satellite archives. This Snow Avalanche Frequency Estimation (SAFE) built in an open-access Google Engine script maps snow hazard frequency and targets vulnerable areas in remote regions of Afghanistan, one of the most data-limited areas worldwide. SAFE correctly detected of the actual avalanches identified on Google Earth and in the field (Probability of Detection 0.77 and Positive Predictive Value 0.96). A total of 810,000 large avalanches occurred since 1990 within an area of 28,500 km2 with a mean frequency of 0.88 avalanches/km2yr−1, damaging villages and blocking roads and streams. Snow avalanche frequency did not significantly change with time, but a northeast shift of these hazards was evident. SAFE is the first robust model that can be used worldwide and is capable of filling data voids on snow avalanche impacts in inaccessible regions.
Research challenges and needs for the deployment of wind energy in atmospherically complex locations
Authors: Clifton Andrew , Barber Sarah , Stökl Alexander , Frank Helmut , Karlsson Timo
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The continuing transition to renewable energy will require more wind turbines to be installed and operated in many new locations on land as well as offshore. The need to have geographic diversity, as well as limited availability of land in historically "good" locations for wind energy, means that wind turbines will also need to be deployed in hilly or mountainous regions, often known as "complex terrain". These areas can also experience challenging weather and climate conditions and may experience instrument- and blade icing that can further impact their operation. This paper – a collaboration between several IEA Wind Tasks and research groups based in mountainous countries – sets out the research and development needed to improve the financial competitiveness and ease of integration of wind energy in hilly or mountainous regions and in regions subject to icing. The focus of the paper is on the interaction between the atmosphere, terrain, land cover, and wind turbines, and covers all stages of a project lifecycle. The key needs include collaborative research and development facilities, improved wind and weather models that can cope with mountainous terrain, frameworks for sharing data and a common, quantitative definition of site complexity.
What Means Social Media in Authoritarian Regimes and For Authoritarian Regimes?
Authors: Muammer Fuat Aslan
Published: February 2022

New technologies are important challengers for societies and states. There are many examples in hu-man history that technologies changed the way of thinking, the way of administration, and daily life. However, in the 21st century, new information and communication technologies are changing all these institutions very quickly. Moreover, it is difficult to follow all the updates. The digital divide is a real big challenge in people’s lives and futures. Therefore, the importance of the digital divide becomes more visible through modernization and digitization. Although people want to follow the developments in the digital area, it is not easy when there is a digital gap. Hence, liberation technologies help people to stay up to date. It also expands a person's rights and freedoms, so it can be seen as a threat by autocratic regimes. During the Egyptian Uprisings, social media be-came the main tool of citizens using liberation technologies. There was a mass protest from near and far, hence, a resource model of political participation was used to understand the high level of participation in uprisings. The resources were time, money, and civil skills. When the Egyptian uprising has resulted in the resignation of the president, Hosni Mubarak, social media played a key role in achieving important successes for citizens of Egypt. Consequently, the impact of social media in authoritarian regimes was discussed.
Caridad pastoral como caridad filial en el sacerdocio ministerial: Don de sí a la luz de la vida y actuación del Hijo
Authors: Cabiedas Tejero Juan Manuel
Published: February 2022

“Caridad pastoral como caridad filial en el sacerdocio ministerial” es el título de una reflexión desarrollada en dos estudios sucesivos. Considerando la sensibilidad cristológica de la Carta a los Hebreos, el presente artículo se interesa por mostrar cómo el título “Hijo de Dios”, a la luz de la radicalidad de la obediencia de Jesús a Dios Padre y la unicidad de su donación al otro, conduce a la primera Iglesia a reconocer la condición sacerdotal de Cristo como exponente de aquel estilo de mediación salvífica que marca el camino de todo discípulo hacia la plena realización de su identidad personal en relación con Dios Padre. En continuidad con este punto de partida, en un segundo trabajo será posible explorar cómo esa sinergia sacerdotal entre identidad y donación que conforma germinalmente la vida cristiana, define a su vez el carácter relacional que funda el sentido y orienta la misión del sacerdocio ministerial en la Iglesia.
«Ministros de tu Hijo Jesucristo» La dimensión cristológica del ministerio ordenado
Authors: Cordovilla Ángel
Published: February 2022

El ministerio ordenado es ante todo una configuración con Cristo. Esta dimensión ha de vivirse en la esencial condición de discípulos en el camino de seguimiento detrás del Señor; como apóstoles enviados en su misma misión; en las relaciones constitutivas que forman parte de la naturaleza del ministerio y, finalmente, en las tres funciones fundamentales que constituyen su ministerio: en el anuncio de la Palabra; en la santificación a través de la vida sacramental; y en el gobierno y la conducción de la comunidad eclesial. La configuración con Cristo no es solo el don que le es otorgado al presbítero con el sacramento del orden, sino la tarea más importante de su vocación realizada a través de las relaciones que son esenciales a su ser y el ejercicio del ministerio en el que se expresa de forma concreta su misión. Por lo tanto, la dimensión cristológica del ministerio no permite una comprensión estática y abstracta de este, sino que implica una comprensión relacional, apostólica y existencial.
La dimensione ecclesiale del presbitero diocesano
Authors: Castellucci Erio
Published: February 2022

La dimensione ecclesiale è essenziale per il presbitero diocesano, così come quella cristologica, dalla quale dipende. Egli è infatti il cristiano chiamato (vocazione) e abilitato (ordinazione) a dedicarsi completamente all’edificazione della Chiesa, attraverso il ministero dell’annuncio della parola di Dio, della celebrazione dei sacramenti e della guida pastorale. Questo triplice compito implica l’inserimento nella rete di relazioni di una Chiesa locale, e concretamente nella relazione di corresponsabilità con il popolo di Dio profetico, sacerdotale e regale, con il presbiterio e con il vescovo. Povertà, castità e obbedienza, nella loro declinazione ministeriale, se vissute nella carità pastorale, favoriscono una donazione piena e gioiosa.
“Y aun así, volando”: una épica de la resiliencia.
Authors: Lojo María Rosa
Published: February 2022

Reflexión en torno a la primera generación argentina de hijos de exiliados españoles, a la lengua y el decir materno como clave identitaria, sobre un yo ¿de dónde?
Capitalismo, historia y autoficción: una propuesta rizomática
Authors: García Rivera René Camilo
Published: February 2022

El género autoficcional explota al máximo las tensiones entre realidad, inventio y ficción. Genera un espacio donde se imbrican las vivencias personales, los hechos históricos y escenas inventadas por el autor que ponen en entredicho la distinción entre verdad y mentira, entre lo verdadero y lo falso. A la crítica, frecuentemente, le ha costado lidiar con la ambigüedad propia del género, definido por primera vez en 1977 en un texto de Serge Doubrovsky. El presente artículo parte de las concepciones teóricas predominantes en la crítica autoficticia, pero propone la síntesis con otros postulados adyacentes al problema: la concepción de mundo de Ludwig Wittgenstein, el rizoma de Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari, y el “carácter destructivo” identificado por Walter Benjamin. La integración de estas líneas de pensamiento favorecen una comprensión renovada del género autoficcional, que sin negar o abandonar los enunciados teóricos predominantes, ofrece nuevas perspectivas de análisis al problema
Vedolizumab for perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ayoub Fares , Odenwald Matthew , Micic Dejan , Dalal Sushila R. , Pekow Joel , Cohen Russell D. , Rubin David T. , Sakuraba Atsushi
Published: February 2022

Background/Aims: Perianal fistulas are a debilitating manifestation of Crohn’s disease (CD). Despite the advent of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy, the medical management of fistulizing CD continues to be challenged by unmet needs. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of vedolizumab for the management of perianal fistulizing CD.Methods: A search of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was performed from inception to June 2020 for studies reporting rates of perianal fistula healing in CD patients treated with vedolizumab. The primary outcome of interest was complete healing of perianal fistulas and the secondary outcome was partial healing. The pooled fistula healing rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated utilizing a random effects model.Results: A total of 74 studies were initially identified, 4 of which met the inclusion criteria. A total of 198 patients with active perianal fistulas were included, 87% of whom had failed previous anti-TNF therapy. The pooled complete healing rate was 27.6% (95% CI, 18.9%–37.3%) with moderate heterogeneity (I2=49.4%) and the pooled partial healing rate was 34.9% (95% CI, 23.2%–47.7%) with high heterogeneity (I2=67.1%).Conclusions: In a meta-analysis of 4 studies that included 198 patients with perianal fistulizing CD, the majority of whom had failed previous anti-TNF therapy, vedolizumab treatment led to healing of perianal fistulas in nearly one-third of the patients. The lack of high-quality data and significant study heterogeneity underscores the need for future prospective studies of fistula healing in patients receiving anti-integrin therapy.
Endoscopy for assessment of mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis: time bound or response guided?
Authors: Sood Ajit , Mahajan Ramit , Singh Arshdeep , Midha Vandana , Mehta Varun
Published: February 2022

The timing of colonoscopy in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) lacks coherence. The published guidelines and recommendations advocate time-bound colonoscopy in patients with active UC to assess for mucosal healing. However, the practice of performing colonoscopies at fixed time frames lacks reasoning. The time to achieve mucosal healing in UC is not uniform across the patient populations and is influenced by the disease severity and efficacy and time to therapeutic response of the drugs being used. Additionally, with the availability of sensitive noninvasive inflammatory biomarkers such as fecal calprotectin, that parallel the disease activity and correlate with mucosal healing, the notion of performing colonoscopy at fixed intervals sounds unjustifiable. The authors express their view that a response-guided colonoscopy (driven by normalization of clinical symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers), rather than a time-bound colonoscopy, would be more logical, apart from being cost-effective and patient-friendly.