bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern biomarkers in cardiology
Authors: Dymova O. V.
Published: September 2018

Modern clinical practice requires obligatory use of results of laboratory researches, international experience demonstrates the need of the clinic in laboratory information for making up to 70% of medical decisions. Described a large number of biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases, high diagnostic efficiency with sufficient level of evidence is shown not for all. In article the possibilities of a modern laboratory in determining markers of myocardium damage (troponins, hFABP), myocardial stress (natriuretic peptides) and neurohumoral regulation (copeptin), the diagnostic and predictive importance of these researches are considered.
Effect of omeprazole on the hypotensive efficacy of amlodipine depending on the genetic characteristics of patients
Authors: Dorofeeva M. N. , Sizova Zh. M. , Shikh E. V. , Lapidus N. I. , Ryzhikova K. A. , Denisenko N. P. , Grishina E. A. , Sychev D. A.
Published: September 2018

Features of anti-hypertensive therapy amlodipiny at patients with the arterial hypertonia (AH) with comorbid pathology  – kislotozavisimy diseases (KZZ), accepting омепразол, depending on genetic features of the patient are studied and analysed. It is shown that a certain genetic polymorphism of an isoenzyme of P450 3A4 cytochrome can shift a metabolism of an omeprazol towards P450 3A4 cytochrome and promote more expressed oppression of activity of this enzyme. Depending on rate of a metabolism at the sick AG and KZZ receiving a combination of an amlodipin and an omeprazol various anti-hypertensive effect of an amlodipin can be observed. Reliable differences in dynamics of indicators of daily monitoring of the arterial blood pressure (ABP) at sick AG - slow metabolizator and sick AG – fast and intermediate metabolizator are received. Decrease of the activity of an isoenzyme of P450 3A4 cytochrome at patients - slow metabolizator leads to retardation of a metabolism of an amlodipin and, as a result, to rising of its concentration in a blood plasma that is clinically shown by more expressed anti-hypertensive effect.
Quality of life in patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Petrov V. S.
Published: September 2018

The article presents the results of a study of the quality of life in 102 non-surgically treated patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease (CRHD) over 5 years. The authors used questionnaires to assess the quality of life: the Short Form Medical Outcomes Study (SF-36), the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MHFLQ). During 5-year follow-up, a statistically significant decrease in the total index of SF-36 physical health component from 36.39 ± 0.54 to 34.04 ± 0.74 and the functional status KCCQ from 23.14 ± 0.56 to 21.2 ± 0.58 was recorded against a 18.6 meters decrease in 6 minute walk distance, an increase in dyspnoea according to a visual analogue scale, a 0.1 cm2 decrease in the mitral orifice area and an increase in the atrium size. According to the summary of the SF-36 mental health component, the total clinical KCCQ indicator, and according to MHFLQ data, no statistically significant changes were observed. Two summary indicators of the KCCQ questionnaire had a significant correlation with SF-36: the functional KCCQ status correlated with the physical (correlation coefficient 0.689) and SF-36 mental (correlation coefficient 0.365) health components. The overall clinical KCCQ indicator also correlated with the SF-36 physical (correlation coefficient 0.305) and mental health – 38.65 ± 0.73 (correlation coefficient 0.588) components. Thus, SF-36 and KCCQ proved to be the most appropriate questionnaires to assess the quality of life of patients with CRDS.
Organization of pharmacological support of patients with rare diseases in moscow as exemplified by pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Zhuravleva M. V. , Lebedeva A. Yu.
Published: September 2018

Orphan diseases are life-threatening, chronic, progressive and leading to a reduction in life expectancy or disability conditions. Patients with rare diseases are one of the vulnerable population groups, which is caused by several factors, such as insufficient awareness of practitioners about such diseases, complicated and lengthy diagnosis, and imperfection of legal environment in the area of pharmacological support of orphan diseases, when only 24 orphan diseases (List-24) are determined, which are treated at the expense of the RF subjects.

Imperfection of federal orphan diseases legislation is shown on the example of providing patients with PAH-specific therapy: only idiopathic form of pulmonary hypertension is included in the federal List-24, there is no well-established mechanism of pharmacological support for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) that is not included in the List-24. The article describes the successful experience in providing patients with orphan diseases, regardless of the inclusion of nosology in List-24 in Moscow, through the creation and implementation of the transparent medical and pharmacological support regulation for patients with orthopaedic diseases, which settled the timely process of provision of patients with the necessary therapy. As a result, patients with CTEPH also have access to existing pathogenetic treatment that can prolong life and improve the quality of life of such patients.
Features of diagnosis and treatment of patients with stable coronary artery disease at initially normal arterial pressure
Authors: Shaposhnik I. I. , Vvedenskaya N. V.
Published: September 2018

Of 875 patients being under the clinical follow-up at one of the polyclinics in Chelyabinsk, 216 (24.7%) had coronary artery disease (CAD) without arterial hypertension (AH) in past medical history. The authors conducted the comparative study of risk factors and clinical and instrumental features of the disease in 50 patients with isolated coronary artery disease and in 50 patients with coronary artery disease against the background of AH. It was found that the disease onset was more often manifested in the form of angina pectoris in patients with stable coronary artery disease without AG , and in the form of myocardial infarction in patients with CAD and AH. Pathological heredity, obesity, diabetes mellitus were more common in patients with the combination of CAD and AH. Stenosis of over 50% of at least one coronary artery is more often identified in patients with CAD and normal arterial pressure (AP). The full range of beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers may be prescribed to patients with CAD without AH in no more than 20% of cases due to excess drop in AP. The prescription of anti-ischemic drugs trimetazidine OD and ivabradine increased the CAD without AH, where these drugs probably should be referred to the first choice drugs.
Coronary heart disease: how to improve the effectiveness of treatment?
Authors: Karpov Yu. A.
Published: September 2018

A rational combination of drug and invasive management of a patient with stable coronary artery disease can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications and improve the quality of life. New technologies can significantly improve the results of treatment of these patients only if the prescribed regimens are followed. Meanwhile, adherence to cardiovascular therapy is low, and the task of its increase, in particular the regular use of antiplatelet drugs and statins, is very relevant. One of the effective methods of improving adherence is the appointment of fixed combinations of drugs.
Heart failure and senile asthenia syndrome
Authors: Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Rozanov A. V. , Kurashev D. H. , Tkacheva O. N.
Published: September 2018

The role of specific approaches to the management of patients with heart failure (HF) increases steeply with increasing age, as the patients of this age need attention to geriatric problems: reduced mobility, multiple diseases and cognitive impairment. Senile asthenia is a syndrome that reflects a decline in physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to various stressors. Senile asthenia is detected in 15–74% of patients with heart failure, the prevalence depends on the method of diagnosis and the studied population. This review discusses the effects of senile asthenia, comorbidity and geriatric syndromes on diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in elderly patients with heart failure. The detection of senile asthenia in patients with HF is important from a clinical point of view, since this condition has an adverse effect on the course of heart failure and is associated with a higher incidence of emergency hospitalization and mortality. Bodily exercises can improve mobility, and the introduction of nursing observation can enhance treatment adherence among patients.
А new drug in the complex therapy of diabetes mellitus. Post-registration experience in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Vorob'yev S. V. , Petrovskaya E. U. , Kuz'menko N. A. , Khripun I. A.
Published: September 2018

Diabetes mellitus (DM), due to its high incidence and prevalence, presents an urgent problem for the scientific community, which requires new ways of treating and preventing complications. Existing hypoglycemic treatment approaches do not always contribute to the achievement of glycaemic targets.

Objective. Study of Subetta-based therapy for patients with DM 1 and DM 2 in real-life clinical practice.

Materials and methods. The program involved 71 patients with DM 1 and 289 patients with DM 2, HbA1c ≥ 7.0%, who took Subetta in combination therapy of diabetes. The duration of the program was 12 weeks. The laboratory examination included the determination of the level of HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose.

Results. The administration of Subetta in complex therapy of DM 1 and DM 2 led to a significant reduction in HbA1c from 9.2 ± 1.85 to 8.13 ± 1.29 mmol/L and from 8.62 ± 1.54 to 7.49 ± 1.1 mmol/L, respectively (p<0.0001), reduction of fasting blood glucose from 9.33 to 7.65 mmol/l and from 9.25 to 7.08 mmol/l, respectively (p<0.0001). The effectiveness of therapy is highly appreciated by patients and physicians. The use of Subetta was not accompanied by the development of hypoglycemia and other adverse effects.

Conclusion. In real-life clinical practice, use of new locally developed antidiabetic drug Subetta demonstrated a significant decrease of HbA1c and fasting blood glucose, with no episodes of hypoglycemia in patients with DM 1 and DM 2.
Evaluation of the effect of taurine on the course of coronary artery disease associated with diabetes of the 2nd type, in patients undergoing coronary revascularization
Authors: Svarovskaya A. V. , Garganeeva A. A.
Published: September 2018

The aimwas to study the effect of taurine in the complex therapy of patients with coronary artery disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) who underwent coronary revascularization.

Material and methods. Examined 53 patients with coronary artery disease associated with type 2 diabetes, after undergoing endovascular revascularization of the myocardium, which were distributed in 2 groups. The 1st group included 30 patients who received, in addition to basic therapy, taurine at a dose of 500 mg 2 times a day. In group 2 (n = 23) – patients who received only basic therapy of ischemic heart disease and diabetes. Body mass index, waist and hip volume, as well as physical tolerance by means of Bicycle ergometry and 6-minute walk test were evaluated. Indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism wer e determined, insulin resistance index was calculated.

Results. At the end of 16-week therapy, physical tolerance according toVEM in group 1 increased by 29.67% (p<0.01), in group 2-by 9.14% (p>0.05). The distance during the 6-minute walk test was significantly increased in both groups: by 34.37% and by 25.80%, respectively. Patients of group 1 had a significant decrease in BMI by 11.52%, postprandial glucose level by 19.38% (p = 0.018), insulin by 18.90%, glyca ted hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 13.21%, insulin resistance index by 17.65%, triglyceride by 14.14% (p<0.05), low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 16.05% (p<0.01).), aspartate aminotransferases and alanine aminotransferases – by 27.75% and 16.52%, respectively.

Conclusion. Sup plement taurine standard therapy of coronary heart disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in patients who have undergone endovascular myocardial revascularization, has a positive effect on the performance of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, reduces body weight, improves physical performance.
The importance of prenatal odontological for pregnant: bibliographic review
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Fernando Azevedo Soares , Rocha Rafael de Almeida , França Mayra Maria Coury de
Published: September 2018

Durante a gravidez ocorrem diversas transformações fisiológicas, físicas e psicológicas no organismo da mulher. Por essa razão, retrata-se a relevância do acompanhamento qualificado por uma equipe multidisciplinar de saúde em conjunto com o cirurgião-dentistadurante o pré-natal.Nesse sentido evidencia-se que as complicações durante a gravidez podem repercutir, inclusive, na cavidade bucal. Deste modo, vale ressaltar que as orientações durante o pré-natal acerca dos cuidados preventivos e educativos, controle da placa bacteriana, alimentação saudável e higiene bucal, devem ser abordados durante todo o tratamento odontológico da gestante. Diante disso, este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica enfatizando a importância do pré-natal odontológico para gestantes.
Identificação de atributos valorativos para empreendimentos imobiliários residenciais multifamiliares
Authors: Ardel Juliana Santana , Dias João Fernando , Peruzzi Antônio de Paulo
Published: September 2018

O setor de empreendimentos imobiliários no Brasil tem apresentado avanços, mas tem maior potencial de crescimento, principalmente se ofertar aos compradores produtos que contemplem seus anseios e necessidades. Em conjunturas econômicas mais restritivas, disponibilizar produtos que tenham maior valor agregado e que contemplem os atributos considerados como valorativos, é uma forma de se destacar no mercado. Para que os empreendimentos atendam às necessidades e expectativas do público alvo, a fase de projeto do produto deve ser alimentada por informações confiáveis, cientificamente embasadas, que subsidiem o processo de planejamento do empreendimento. Nesse trabalho desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa em linguagem computacional, para que o entrevistado pudesse responder diretamente aos questionamentos, minimizando uma possível influência do entrevistador. As informações obtidas podem subsidiar os agentes envolvidos no processo de projeto de empreendimentos imobiliários, com informações do público consumidor, que possibilitem a valorização do imóvel ofertado, ao contemplar as necessidades e desejos dos compradores.
Atividades físicas adaptadas para deficientes visuais
Authors: Santos Claudiene Rosa de Souza , Maciel Rosana Mendes
Published: September 2018

A atividade física é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento saudável de qualquer indivíduo e isso inclui os portadores de deficiência. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a importância e a necessidade da adaptação de atividades físicas para os portadores de deficiência visual. Foi possível concluir que é fundamental que o professor esteja atento às reais necessidades do aluno, adaptando aulas, metodologias, materiais e recursos a fim de promover a participação, autonomia e a auto confiança do aluno, bem como desenvolver a cooperação e participação de todos os envolvidos no processo educacional. Para a efetivação deste estudo, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura com ênfase na prática do GoalBall que é uma atividade que promove a interação dos deficientes visuais, com o objetivo de desenvolver todas as suas capacidades de concentração e qualidades físicas.
Dental Students’ Performance in Detecting In Vitro Occlusal Carious Lesions Using ICDAS with E‐Learning and Digital Learning Strategies
Authors: Alves Luana S. , de Oliveira Renata S. , Nora Ângela Dalla , Cuozzo Lemos Luiz Fernando , Rodrigues Jonas A. , Zenkner Júlio Eduardo A.
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to assess the performance of dental students for detecting in vitro occlusal carious lesions using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) with different learning strategies. A convenience sample of all 64 fourth‐year dental students at a dental school in Brazil who had no previous experience with ICDAS was selected for the study in 2015. First, students performed the in vitro examination of the occlusal surfaces of 80 teeth according to ICDAS. Two weeks later, students were randomly allocated to three groups: G1 (n=21), ICDAS e‐learning; G2 (n=22), ICDAS e‐learning + digital learning tool (DLT); G3 (n=21), no training (control group). All students reexamined the 80 teeth according to ICDAS two weeks later. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated according to three thresholds. Of the 64 students, 59 completed all study phases, for a 92.2% participation rate. The intra‐group comparison found significantly higher sensitivity and specificity values for G1 and G2 students. G3 students showed an increased sensitivity at the D2 threshold. G2 was the only training strategy that resulted in significant improvement for the AUC. In the comparison of groups at the same threshold, G1 showed higher specificity at D3 threshold (0.78) than G2 (0.72) and G3 (0.73). Regarding sensitivity, G1 showed a lower value at D2 (0.91) threshold than G2 (0.94) and G3 (0.94). In this study, both training strategies (ICDAS e‐learning and ICDAS e‐learning + DLT) improved the performance of dental students for the in vitro detection of occlusal carious lesions, mainly when the association of methods was used.
Comparison of Dental Students’ Self‐Evaluation and Faculty Evaluation of Communication Skills During a Standardized Patient Exercise
Authors: Wiener R. Constance , Waters Christopher , Doris Joan , McNeil Daniel W.
Published: September 2018

The aims of this retrospective study, conducted in 2017, were to explore dental students’ perceptions of their first standardized patient encounters and to assess the relationship between students’ self‐evaluation and faculty members’ evaluation of students’ communication skills in those encounters. Data from a simulation training laboratory at one U.S. dental school were obtained for all 46 second‐year students, who had a standardized patient communication learning session. The students had completed self‐evaluations before and after a debriefing with a clinical psychology and/or social work faculty member and three or four student peers. The faculty members had also completed evaluations of the students’ communications skills. The results showed that the students found the standardized patient encounter helpful. The students rated “making an introduction” most positively. Students had a weighted Kappa agreement of 0.22 (p=0.024) with the faculty evaluations on their post‐debriefing evaluation of overall communication skills, which was within the 0.21–0.40 range of fair agreement. This study found that, during their first standardized patient simulation exercise, the second‐year students rated their overall communication skills in fair agreement with the faculty member after debriefing.
Happiness of primary school teachers reviewed from the Big Five personality theory
Authors: Wicaksani Alifia Cahya , Setiawati Farida Agus
Published: September 2018

This study aims to assess: (1) teachers’ happiness level, (2) dimensions of teachers’ personality, and (3) effect of the big five personality dimensions on the happiness of primary school teachers in Belik. The research applied a quantitative descriptive method with the ex-post facto approach. It took place at primary schools in Belik. The subject consisted of 210 primary school teachers in the District of Belik. The sample was established using the cluster random sampling technique. The data were collected through questionnaires, the big five was measured by an instrument called BFI, and PANAS-X and SWLS for data on happiness. The data were analyzed using the multiple regression at the significance level of 5%. The result of descriptive statistic analysis showed that: teacher’s happiness in Belik was high, for the big five dimensions of personality, the highest was extraversion followed by agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and neuroticism. The statistics quantitavely suggested that the types of personality significantly affected the teacher’s happiness. The Extraversion personality dimension gave contribution of 2.85%, agreeableness of 2.25 %, openness of 3.80% and neuroticism of 2.13% of happiness.
Social support as a mediator between social identity and college student’s stress
Authors: Umayyah Ummu
Published: September 2018

This study aims to find social support as a mediator of social identity against student stress. This study uses a stage cluster random sampling technique, the subject of this study amounted to 375 students scattered on 7 faculties at Yogyakarta State University. The result of the research shows that the social identity level of students is high, social support is high and stress level is classified. The path analysis a proved significant with the value of 0.036 <0.05, on path analysis proved significant with a value of 0.016 <0.05, in path analysis proved significant with a value of 0.000 <0.05, and path analysis was proved significant with value 0.000 <0.05. Mediation analysis is evident and includes partial mediation.
TARİHİ ESER YAPILARIN EMNİYET SEVİYESİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: BİR DURUM ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: YILDIZLAR Barış , AKÇAY Cemil
Published: September 2018

Tarihi eser niteliğini
sahip yapıların uzun yıllar emniyetle servis verebilmesi için servis ömrü
boyunca zaman zaman onarım süreci geçirmesi gerekmektedir. Söz konusu onarım
çalışmalarının yerini bazı durumlarda güçlendirme imalatları almaktadır. Anılan
türdeki uygulamalarda aynı zamanda yapının orijinal tasarımına uygun hale
getirilmesi için çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmektedir. Söz konusu yapılar, uzun
yıllar boyunca farklı sebeplerden dolayı mimari ve yapısal sistemine yönelik
gerçekte istenmeyen değişikliklere uğramaktadır. Hatta bazı durumlarda kullanım
amacı değişikliklerine uğraması neticesinde, söz konusu husus yapısal
elemanlara olumsuz müdahale olarak yansımaktadır. Aynı zamanda yapının emniyet
seviyesini son derece düşürebilmektedir. Çalışmada, İstanbul Üniversitesi
Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi binasının güçlendirme çalışmaları öncesi mevcut
durumu araştırılmış, emniyet seviyesi hızlı durum tespit yöntemi ile irdelenmiştir.
İnceleme kapsamındaki yapı Osmanlı döneminde imal edilmiş ve servis ömrü
boyunca çok defa kullanım amacı değişikliğine uğramıştır. Başlangıçta hastane,
sonrasında hapishane ve nihayetinde günümüzde eğitim binası olarak servis veren
yapı olması nedeni ile konvansiyonel konut türü yapılara oranla en az %40 daha
emniyetli barındırması gereken yapı türü için anılan hususlar kabul edilemez
niteliğe sahiptir. Yapısal elemanlar üzerinde gerçekleşen bilinçsiz
müdahalelerin yapının emniyetine olan etkisi araştırılmış, zaman ve finansal
parametreler üzerinden olumsuz sonuçları irdelenmiştir.
KONTROL ALAN AĞLARI İÇİN OPTİMUM STATİK MESAJ ZAMANLAMASI
Authors: YAVUZ Esin , SARICA Sertaç Selim , ARTUÇ Ekrem
Published: September 2018

Kontrol Alan Ağı (CAN), yüksek
performanslı ve yüksek güvenilirliği olan gerçek zamanlı bir haberleşme
protokolüdür. Bu çalışmada, SocketCAN ile bir CAN ağı tasarlanmış ve RM
algoritması kullanılarak optimum statik mesaj zamanlaması gerçekleştirilmiştir.
SocketCAN, Linux işletim sistemi için geliştirilen bir CAN uygulamasıdır. CAN
ağının performansı, öncelik karar mekanizmasına göre belirlenen zamanlamaya
bağlıdır. Optimum iletim için anahtar faktör, mesaj önceliklerinin
belirlenmesidir. RM zamanlama politikasına göre, iletilecek olan mesajların
öncelikleri iletim başlamadan önce belirlenir ve bir mesajın son teslim süresi
(deadline), periyoduna eşittir. En erken son teslim süresi olan mesaj, en
yüksek önceliği alır.
The Effect of Finishing Diet on Consumer Perception of Enhanced and Non-Enhanced Honduran Beef
Authors: Hardcastle N. C. , Garmyn A. J. , Legako J. F. , Brashears M. M. , Miller M. F.
Published: September 2018

The effects of experimental finishing diets and enhancement were tested to determine if they could improve Honduran beef palatability. Fifteen enhanced (ENH) and non-enhanced (NE) paired loins from 7 different finishing diets (n = 210 loins) were fed to Honduran consumers (n = 288). Diets consisted of a grass-finished control (CON) or diets with the inclusion of distiller’s dry grain (DDG), palm kernel meal (PKM), PKM replication (PKMR), sorghum (SORG), soybean meal and corn (SBMC), or sugarcane (SC). An interaction (P < 0.01) occurred between diet and enhancement to influence scores for all palatability traits, willingness to pay (WTP), and acceptability of traits. Consumers found enhanced samples were more tender (P < 0.05) than NE counterparts, excluding ENH- and NE-CON (P > 0.05). Without enhancement, CON was rated more tender (P < 0.05) than all other treatments, except PKMR. All ENH samples were juicier (P < 0.05) and had a flavor that was liked more (P < 0.05) than NE counterparts. Diet alone resulted in similar (P > 0.05) juiciness scores between CON, DDG, PKM, and PKMR; however, CON was rated juicier (P < 0.05) than all other treatments. Among NE samples, flavor liking scores were not different (P > 0.05) between CON, DDG, PKM, PKMR, and SBMC, and CON was liked more (P < 0.05) than SORG and SC. All enhanced steaks, except CON, had greater overall liking scores and WTP values (P < 0.05) than NE counterparts. Diet alone resulted in similar (P > 0.05) overall liking and WTP values between CON, DDG, PKM, PKMR, and SBMC, while SORG and SC were liked less overall (P < 0.05) than CON, which reduced (P < 0.05) WTP values. Experimental diets in conjunction with enhancement were able to improve the consumers’ perception of palatability traits, acceptability, and WTP.
Análise do controle social no Observatório Social de São José sob a ótica da gestão social
Authors: Lindemeyer Fernanda Matsukura , Moretto Neto Luis
Published: September 2018

Ao questionar como é executado o controle social na prática e quais seus critérios adotados, busca-se investigar os meios pelos quais o Estado e a sociedade se organizam para gerar o controle social nas organizações públicas. Desse modo, este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a relação do Observatório Social de São José com as organizações diretamente envolvidas no exercício do controle social na esfera do município de São José, sob a ótica dos critérios da cidadania deliberativa Inclusão, Autonomia e Bem Comum, propostos por Tenório et al. (2008) na gestão social. Esta pesquisa foi realizada de acordo com as diretrizes da abordagem qualitativa e, quanto aos meios utilizados para realizá-la, remeteram à classificação bibliográfica, documental e à utilização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise das principais falas coletadas durante as entrevistas realizadas contribuiu para a caracterização de algumas problemáticas verificadas na metodologia de execução das ações da entidade, tendo como dentre as principais apontadas o fraco relacionamento entre as entidades.
A constituição da Agricultura Familiar como categoria política: uma leitura a partir das lutas do sindicalismo rural do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Belem Régis Da Cunha , Menasche Renata
Published: September 2018

A partir do sul, este artigo conduz o olhar à segunda metade da década de 1980, mais especificamente ao momento inicial de constituição, no país, da agricultura familiar como categoria política. Culminava, então, um processo de lutas por preços de produtos, política agrícola, reforma agrária e política previdenciária, conflagradas sob tom de denúncia dos efeitos perversos da “modernização conservadora” e do regime que a promovera. É nesse contexto que a diferenciação entre pequenos, médios e grandes produtores no acesso a políticas públicas – erguida como bandeira em 1987, na jornada de lutas do sindicalismo rural de pequenos agricultores gaúchos em que se deu a conquista da não cobrança de juros correspondentes a financiamentos agrícolas referentes ao período do Plano Cruzado – viria a compor a pauta de reivindicações dos Sindicatos de Trabalhadores Rurais no debate sobre a Lei Agrícola, que teve por palco o Congresso Nacional nos anos 1989-91. No período pós-Constituinte, o reconhecimento da demanda por políticas públicas diferenciadas levaria à institucionalização de políticas públicas dirigidas a este público específico. A agricultura familiar passava, assim, a compor o vocabulário de agentes de governo, enquanto que a criação do Pronaf pode ser interpretada como expressão do reconhecimento, pelo estado, da pertinência da diferenciação. Este estudo inscreve-se, portanto, no esforço de revisitar o debate sobre a constituição da categoria agricultura familiar no Brasil, buscando especialmente identificar a contribuição do sindicalismo rural do sul do Brasil para a constituição dessa categoria política e analítica.
Política e meio ambiente: a influência do lobby nas decisões legislativas
Authors: Melo João Eduardo Branco de , Fritzen Adriano , Fernandes Sandra Beatriz Vicenci , Siedenberg Dieter Rugard , Allebrandt Sérgio Luís
Published: September 2018

O presente estudo pretende analisar a influência do lobby no poder legislativo brasileiro, mais especificamente a pressão exercida sobre os presidentes da Comissão de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, na Câmara dos Deputados e na Comissão de Meio Ambiente, Defesa do Consumidor e Fiscalização e Controle, do Senado Federal. Em um primeiro, momento é necessário caracterizar o lobby e de que forma ele atua; posteriormente, é realizada a identificação dos presidentes de cada comissão dentro das casas legislativas e, em seguida, o levantamento de dados de financiamento de campanha de cada um deles. Observamos que nas campanhas eleitorais dos parlamentares estudados atuaram como financiadoras empresas do ramo do agronegócio, da construção civil, do sistema financeiro, entre outros. As empresas destes segmentos realizam influência direta no posicionamento e nas decisões proferidas pelas casas legislativas, pois o fator econômico se mostra um diferencial nas campanhas eleitorais brasileiras
Sentidos do combinar e compartilhar: desigualdades e situações de vulnerabilidade de mulheres na pecuária familiar
Authors: Belem Langbecker Tatielle , Marques Lopes Marta Julia
Published: September 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir condições de trabalho e das dinâmicas familiares na pecuária familiar que consubstanciam situações de vulnerabilidade e privação de direitos das mulheres participantes de uma pesquisa acadêmica. Também se dedica a mostrar situações que configuram diferentes tipos de violência sofrida. Teoricamente apresenta uma leitura com autoras e autores contemporâneos dedicados a pensar a divisão sexual do trabalho, assim como a violência no rural além de reflexões inspiradas no sociólogo francês Pierre Bourdieu. Baseou-se em uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, em que se analisou conteúdo temático de 15 entrevistas. As categorias definidas e analisadas neste artigo foram: integração comunitária; distribuição e destino de renda e crédito agrícola. A discussão permitiu o entendimento de que alguns elementos estruturais do trabalho na pecuária e, certas dinâmicas familiares, são potenciais geradores de vulnerabilidades às mulheres confirmando a persistência de um sistema assimétrico e hierarquizado de relações de gênero. As análises apontam situações que sugerem a pertinência de novos olhares sobre as clássicas determinações masculinas da pecuária familiar, definidas pela autonomia econômica, qualificação profissional em áreas desconsideradas femininas, dentre outras.
O arrendamento de terras no Brasil: subsídios para políticas públicas
Authors: Guedes Ana Cecilia , Cazella Ademir Antonio , Capellesso Adinor José
Published: September 2018

Os contratos agrários de arrendamento são uma prática recorrente no Brasil, sendo grande parte deles realizada sem documentos comprobatórios. O objetivo principal deste artigo é demonstrar que o recurso ao arrendamento vem ganhando expressão enquanto mecanismo de acesso a terra no país, fenômeno subestimado pela metodologia de coleta de dados censitários e pelos elaboradores de políticas públicas. A coleta de dados adotou dois recursos metodológicos: questionários com agricultores familiares participantes da disciplina Vivência em Agricultura familiar; e entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores públicos, agricultores (familiares e não familiares) e proprietários de terras absenteístas de municípios do Oeste Catarinense. A análise comparativa dos dados demonstra a (in)visibilidade parcial do recurso ao arrendamento de terras pelos dados censitários. O sistema de coleta de informações adotado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) subestima o arrendamento por dois fatores: i) o caráter declaratório das informações censitárias, visto que o recurso ao arrendamento é, com frequência, ocultado pelo receio de muitos agricultores em perder o acesso a certas políticas públicas; e ii) a categorização exclusiva de produtor “proprietário” quando um agricultor cultivar concomitantemente terras próprias e arrendadas dentro de um mesmo “setor censitário”. A apresentação do caso francês permite demonstrar a importância que pode assumir o arrendamento de terras na política fundiária. Conclui-se apontando a carência de políticas públicas que normatizem e fortaleçam esse instrumento de acesso a terra no Brasil.
Construcción de un índice de selección para rasgos de comportamiento en toros de lidia
Authors: Domínguez-Viveros Joel , Rodríguez-Almeida Felipe Alonso , Callejas-Juárez Nicolás , Aguilar-Palma Nelson Guadalupe , Ortega-Gutiérrez Juan Ángel
Published: September 2018

En la ganadería de lidia, la selección está en función del desempeño del toro durante la lidia. Posición de la cabeza (PC) y de las manos (PM), recorrido del toro (RE) y modo de finalizar (FI) la embestida define el desempeño del toro, y pueden ser considerados como criterios de selección. El objetivo fue estimar heredabilidades (h2) y correlaciones genéticas (rg) para PC, PM, FI y RE; y construir dos índices de selección: IS1 con valores relativos de un análisis factorial, IS2 con valores relativos a partir de la desviación estándar de cada rasgo. Se calculó la respuesta a la selección (RS) y exactitud (EX) de cada IS. El número de observaciones (valor promedio ± desviación estándar) para PC, PM, RE y FI fue 984 (5.46 ± 1.4), 978 (2.93 ± 1.1), 981 (3.15 ± 0.7) y 785 (2.88 ± 1.1), respectivamente; con escalas de uno a siete para PC, y de uno a cinco para el resto de las variables. Para h2 y rg se realizó un análisis multivariado con el software MTDFREML. La h2 fue de 0.20 ± 0.06, 0.15 ± 0.05, 0.13 ± 0.03 y 0.17 ± 0.05 para PC, RE, PM y FI, respectivamente; todas las rg fueron positivas, de 0.57 a 0.94, con valor promedio de 0.753. IS1 = 0.068*PC + 0.048*RE - 0.012*PM + 0.088*FI; con EX de 0.46 y RS de 0.325. IS2 = 0.231*PC + 0.249*RE - 0.038*PM + 0.298*FI; con EX de 0.45 y RS de 1.15.
Uso de nisina y quitosano para la inhibición de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a antibióticos y asociado a mastitis bovina
Authors: Sánchez-Ceja Mónica , Arceo-Martínez Ma. Teresa , Sandoval-Flores Ma. Guadalupe , Alva-Murillo Patricia Nayeli , Jiménez-Mejía Rafael , Loeza-Lara Pedro Damián
Published: September 2018

En este trabajo se describen los patrones de resistencia a antibióticos de aislados de Staphylococcus aureus obtenidos de vacas con mastitis, así como su susceptibilidad in vitro a nisina, quitosano y al compósito nisina/quitosano. A partir de muestras de leche obtenidas de vacas enfermas se aislaron e identificaron 53 S. aureus, a los cuales se les analizó el perfil de resistencia a antibióticos. Los resultados evidenciaron una alta frecuencia de resistencia hacia el grupo de los beta-lactámicos, principalmente a penicilina, dicloxacilina y ampicilina. Asimismo, se detectó multirresistencia en algunos aislados, ya que mostraron tolerancia a 3 o 4 grupos de antibióticos, destacando los aislados AMC-9 (resistente a tres grupos) y AMC-23 (resistente a cuatro grupos). También se resalta que todos los aislados fueron susceptibles a levofloxacina. Por otra parte, se analizó la susceptibilidad in vitro de los aislados a nisina, quitosano y al compósito nisina/quitosano, mediante la determinación de la concentración mínima inhibitoria. Los resultados indican que el 100 % de los aislados fue susceptible a quitosano y al compósito nisina/quitosano y el 47.1 % a la nisina. El efecto del quitosano y del compósito nisina/quitosano sobre los aislados multirresistentes AMC-9 y AMC-23 fue bactericida. Estos resultados revelan el potencial de los compuestos antimicrobianos quitosano y nisina/quitosano para ser utilizados como agentes terapéuticos contra la mastitis bovina.
Immunolocalization of VirB11 protein in the Anaplasma marginale outer membrane and its reaction with bovine immune sera
Authors: Barrera Molina América Ivette , Cossío Bayúgar Raquel , Gutiérrez-Pabello José Ángel , Tello López Ángel Tolentino , Preciado de Torre Jesús Francisco , Rodríguez Camarillo Sergio D.
Published: September 2018

Type IV secretion system is composed by a group of proteins associated with substrate transfer between bacteria and eukaryotic organisms. VirB11 is a protein of this system and, in A. marginale it induces partial protection in cattle immunized with external membrane fragments of the rickettsia. The objectives of this study were: to determine the conservation rate of VirB11 among different Mexican isolates and to corroborate its cellular localization on the outer membrane of A. marginale. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence alignment of virB11 from nine Mexican isolates showed 100 % identity. Bovine sera from both naturally and experimentally infected cattle reacted against a multiple antigenic peptide (MAP‑VirB11) designed based on a B-type epitope present in VirB11. In addition, MAP‑VirB11‑rabbit immune sera reacted with native VirB11 by ELISA and western blot in rickettsial extracts and on the surface of bovine infected erythrocytes by indirect immunofluorescence and the localization of VirB11 protein was determined on the outer surface of A. marginale initial bodies.
Épocas de nacimiento basadas en un índice climático para el ajuste de modelos estadísticos para peso vivo de ganado bovino en México
Authors: Herrera-Ojeda Jessica Beatriz , Parra-Bracamonte Gaspar Manuel , López-Villalobos Nicolás , Vázquez-Armijo José Fernando , Orozco-Durán Karlos Edmundo , Magaña-Monforte Juan Gabriel , Martínez-González Juan Carlos , Jahuey-Martínez Francisco Joel
Published: September 2018

El objetivo fue comparar los efectos de una metodología para la clasificación de épocas climáticas, que tradicionalmente son utilizadas para establecer épocas de nacimiento (EN) en estudios y experimentos estadísticos. Esta metodología se basa en un índice de aridez (IA) para clasificar las EN utilizando información meteorológica histórica. Se trabajó una base de datos con un pedigrí de 7,460 animales, se ajustaron dos modelos para peso al nacimiento y peso al destete en bovinos Charolais manejados en pastoreo extensivo. Los modelos incluyeron el efecto fijo de grupo contemporáneo (GC= subclase de hato, sexo, año y EN) y edad de la madre. Los mismos modelos se compararon utilizando una clasificación tradicional de estaciones del año para clasificar las EN. Al estimar los componentes de varianza y valores genéticos (DEP) con sus exactitudes, los modelos fueron diferentes de acuerdo a la prueba de razón de verosimilitudes (P<0.01). El número de GC se redujo en 25 % para la EN basada en el IA, con GC con mayor número de individuos. El principal efecto observado en los modelos analizados fue el cambio en la jerarquización de las DEP para ambas características. Este método de clasificación de épocas de nacimiento, puede ayudar a mejorar el ajuste de modelos estadísticos en los sistemas ganaderos manejados en pastoreo extensivo.
Digital Technologies in Construction
Authors: Travush Vladimir I.
Published: September 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state and prospects of development of digital technologies in construction. The fundamental concepts of digital economy, digital production and digital technologies are introduced; a peculiar "evolution" of the design process in construction is described (transition from so-called "paper-based" technologies to computer aided design systems and further to information modeling of construction objects). Contemporary achievements of mathematical and computer modeling of loads and impacts, contemporary achievements and problems of mathematical (numerical) modeling of the stress-strain state, dynamics and stability at the basic and special combinations ofloads and impacts at significant stages oflife cycle of construction object are specified. Digital technologies in experimental and field studies are considered, the interrelation with mathematical modeling is shown, digital technologies in production of materials, products and structures are presented, the brief and substantial analysis of development of computer material science is given. Among the very topical issues raised in the article we should also highlight BIM - a fundamentally new approach in architectural and construction design, which includes creation of a computer model of a new building (structure), which carries all the information about the future of the object and is an instrument of control over its life cycle. Building Information Model is, in essence, a reflection of the ideas of the digital economy in construction and digital technology in the construction economy. The article also explains the concept of so-called "smart" home, "smart" district, "smart" city, "smart" region and "smart" country, which are normally used by professionals in terms of current realities,long-term and medium-term prospects. Finally, the expediency of development of design codes in the field of information technologies is assessed.
Analysis of Mechanical Safety of Stadiums for the World Cup 2018
Authors: Belostotsky Alexander M. , Akimov Pavel A. , Aul Andrey A. , Dmitriev Dmitry S. , Dyadchenko Yulia N. , Nagibovich Alexander I. , Ostrovsky Konstantin I. , Pavlov Andrey S.
Published: September 2018

It is obvious that contemporary design and construction of unique buildings and structures is unthinkable without mathematical (numerical) and computer modelling and advanced analysis ofload-bearing structures under various kinds ofloads and impacts. One of the most ambitious and important construction projects is the uniquelarge-span structures. These are, in particular, stadiums, sports palaces and water parks, shopping malls, pedestrian, road and railway bridges of various design solutions. The distinctive paper is devoted to theoretical foundations and results of mathematical (numerical) modeling of the state (in terms of the analysis of stress-strain state, strength and stability) of football stadiums built for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Finite element method is used for approximation and high-precision numerical solution of corresponding boundary problems of structural mechanics. It is the most universal and powerful numerical method of mechanics. The paper, in particular, describes some features of development of finite element models and the main results of the analysis of the mechanical (structural) safety of three- dimensionallarge-span systems "soil foundation - reinforced concrete structures of foundations and stands - steel structures of the coating and facades" of these football stadiums with the basic and specialload combinations. In addition, the key procedures of scientific support during the corresponding expertise and assessments are outlined. Generally, socially significant and knowledge-intensive problem of providing mechanical (constructive) safety of unique combined objects of construction (three-dimensional systems "foundation - reinforced concrete structures of foundations and stands - steel structures of coating and facades") has been solved at a new level as a result of the performed complex of research works.
On the Problem of Control of Prescription-Technological Factors of Concrete Production in the Course of Design and Synthesis of its Optimal Structure
Authors: Chernyshov Evgeny M. , Makeev Alexey I.
Published: September 2018

The problem of the place and role of the prescription and technological factors in the design and synthesis of concrete structures from the viewpoint of controlling the parameters of the stress field in them under mechanical loading and, respectively, the resistance to their destruction is discussed. Formation of the stress field in the structure of concrete as conglomerate building composites is considered in the system of phenomena of accumulation, dissipation, localization and concentration of energy of the external influence of the operating environment on the material in the structure. In this case, the parameters of the stress field are analyzed in relation to the prescription and technological factors that predetermine the characteristics of the constructed and synthesized homogeneously inhomogeneous structure of the composites. According to the criteria for minimizing the stress values in the composite, proposals are made to ensure the most effective operation of the structural bonds of the constructed material in work underload.
The 1930-s Unrealized Projects on Development of Gorky City (Nizhny Novgorod)
Authors: Orelskaya Olga V.
Published: September 2018

The article deals with little-known unrealized projects shaping the image of the socialist Gorky city, its river panoramas, squares and highways in accordance with the first Soviet master plan of 1935-1937, made by the creative collective of Leningrad Giprogor, under theleadership of N.A. Solofnenko. The development of the master plan of alarge city was based on the principles of reconstruction of the General plan of Moscow in 1935. The architecture of a post-avant-garde epoch allowed to clearly demonstrate the architectural searches of the period, identify their characteristics, their mistakes and achievements.

A radical reconstruction of an ancient city assumed a demolition of historic buildings. Instead of the lost town­planning dominants - churches that adorned the river facades of the city for many centuries, architects offered new high-rise accents in the form of monumental public buildings. Projects with classical compositions of central squares contributed to the formation of a fundamentally new image of the city. The tendencies of monumentalism appeared under the influence of well-known projects of accomplishment and organization of urban spaces in the capital cities - Moscow and Leningrad. This was an important phase of the new appeal to historicism, namely the development of the classics, which began in the mid 1930-ies and ended in the mid-1950s Archival photographs of 1930-ies complement the history of Russian Soviet architecture and urban planning and disclose the concept of the planned ambitious reforms.