bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Exploratory Study on Trends in Flourish Research among College Students and Adults
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Jeon Jonghee
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate and explore research trends related to flourish for college students and adults. Flourish is a developmental concept of happiness and is a life that falls within the best range of human positive moods and effective functions. This study investigated all domestic academic studies for college students and general adults related to Flourish. The data collection and organization of this study took place on October 5-9, 2023, and descriptive statistics and multiple response analysis were conducted after quantifying the data. As a result of the study, both college students (13 cases) and adults (27 cases) have continued to increase in the number of research, focusing on quantitative research. Along with categorization, college students were in the order of influence and structural relationship, scale development, and validation, and general adults had a lot of influence relationships, and there were also studies on scale development, validation, and group differences. In relation to Flourish, there were studies on career, occupation, psychological needs/capital/emotion for college students, and studies on office workers, teachers, and adults(general) for adults. Through this study, it will be possible to identify trends in flourish to continue the optimal state of strengthening positivity and maximizing ability, and to explore the plan of education.
A Study on the Case of Using ChatGPT in General English Classes
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Cha Minyoung , Im Heejoo
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this paper is to examine the students’ satisfaction and learning comprehension through the class activities using chatGPT in general English classes. To that end, tasks using chatGPT and online survey were conducted on 100 students enrolled in an university in Chungcheong-namdo. Tasks using chatGPT includes 6 steps: log in to chatGPT, request reading materials on a topic, receive and solve problems related to reading materials, and self-study worksheet. As a result of this study, students’ satisfaction showed positive result on tasks using chatGPT and learning comprehension. Using chatGPT helped students acquire words, expressions, and information, and improve overall literacy skills. In addition, it is possible to learn vocabulary or high-level English reading materials, and chatGPT could be used in various ways. Based on the result, to use chatGPT as a learning tool educators or teachers should understand the pros and cons of generative AI such as chatGPT and develop teaching methods to enhance students’ autonomous learning ability.
Trends and Challenges in Korean Culture Education Research in the New Normal Era: Focusing on Academic Journal Papers Published after 2020
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Park Jungmi
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine how cultural education in Korean language education has changed in the New Normal era and to provide basic data to seek the direction of Korean culture education in the future. To this end, we used the systematic review research method to analyze research trends by research object, research purpose, research topic, and research method in 109 academic journal papers published after 2020, and suggest implications based on the results. We found suggestions for trends and challenges in Korean cultural education research.
Classification and Case Studies of Innovation in University Education: A Focus on University Innovation Support Project
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Eom yoogyung
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this paper to explore recent innovation cases of university education. To this end, domestic universities’ innovation programs which received an evaluation of A grade in University Innovation Support Project(UISP) were analyzed. in addition, the existing contents of educational innovation that domestic universities are already implementing were analyzed. As a result of a comprehensively examining the contents of the research topic, an analysis framework consisting of four areas (undergraduate system, education content, education method, educational environment) and 8 sub-divisions (major system, credit system, degree system, AI・SW education, shared university, performance management) was developed. And detailed programs for each area were analyzed. The results of the study will provide a solid ground for exploring the education innovation of university education.
The Aesthetic Value of Art in the Literature of Ryunosuke Aketagawa: Focusing on the Relativity Absoluteness of Art in “Autumn Mountain” and “Swamps”
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Im Manho
Published: January 2024

This study examines the aesthetic value of art in the literature of Ryunosuke Akutagawa, focusing on the works “Autumn Mountain” and “Swamps.” “Autumn Mountain” shows the relativity of art, in which a painting can go from being a poor work to a masterpiece depending on whether or not one has preconceived notions about the time and place of the painting, while “Swamps” shows the absoluteness of art, in which a painting is considered a masterpiece despite having preconceived notions about the time and place of the painting. This absoluteness of art also appears figuratively in “Puppet of Noroma” and although the relativity of art is depicted in the work, it can be said that the ‘precious jewel’ mentioned in the stage (Kyogen) “puppet of Noroma” is the absoluteness of art in that it has an eternal and immutable nature, which is characteristic of jewelry. The ‘strange painting of autumn mountain’ of “Autumn Mountain,” the ‘precious jewel’ of “Puppet of Noroma,” and the ‘ecstatic thrill of the spleen’ of “Swamps,” are all examples of the aesthetic value of Akutagawa’s literature.
A Study on Temporal Aspects and Post-Semantic Relationships in Song Chan-Ho's Poetry
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Park hanra
Published: January 2024

This paper seeks to examine the process by which de-semantic features appear by examining the temporal aspects in Song Chan-ho's poetry. In Song Chan-ho's poetry, time passes by as the 'moment' on the layer of reality splits into various layers, making objects or thoughts impossible to identify. The reason why time can pass even though it remains a ‘moment’ at the level of reality comes from the continuation of ‘division.’ As a result, the narrative of Song Chan-ho's poetry develops in a direction that denies the meaning that constitutes reality, as even misfortune and immorality remain 'unsettled' that cannot be defined in language. Additionally, the ‘atypical image’ in Song Chan-ho’s poetry is the result of losing its form by cutting off the identity and meaning of the past. ‘Language’ is expressed in Song Chan-ho’s poetry as coming from ‘atypical images’ that have eliminated meaning. The mutation of these atypical images can be viewed as a time of ‘eternal return of a different future’ in which the structure of ‘atypical image → birth → death → atypical image’ is repeated. To express this fluidity, Song Chan-ho's poetry sometimes expresses the future through substances such as liquid or gas.
Rhythmic Transformation and Its Dramatic Effects in the Musical “West Side Story”: Focusing on ‘Jet Song’ and ‘America’
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Park Keyyoung
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how Leonard Bernstein transformed the rhythm patterns of popular music in the musical “West Side Story”, and to find out how such musical transformation contribute to character building and dramatic enhancement in the musical work. This study was conducted with the literature research on previous studies and the musical analysis of the musical “West Side Story” OST. In particular, the number ‘Jet Song’ and ‘America’, which symbolize the two hostile groups, were analyzed on the rhythmic side. Through this study, we were able to confirm that the artistic achievement of musical works depends on a creative spirit that does not hesitate to make experimental changes to existing art forms to build characters and strengthen narratives.
The Status and Musical Analysis of Paik Young Ho's Early Film Themes: A Focus on Pre-'Dongbaek Agassi' Works
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Jeong Jin
Published: January 2024

This study was aimed to musical analyze the status and early film Themes of Paik Young ho. This study analyzed 38 film scores by year and collaboration musicians. This study focused on investigating the structural, melodic, rhythmic, and formal characteristics of the 37 scores, as well as the relationship between lyrics and melody. This results revealed that Paik composed scores for 38 themes in 21 films and collaborated with numerous figures from popular arts. At this time, elements such as the 7-tone scale, sequential progressions of major 2nd intervals, triads, and choral songs reflected the trends in Korean popular music. However, the characteristics of Paik's film themes during this period were marked by high pitches and wide vocal ranges, frequent jumps of 4th intervals, abrupt leaps of 7th to 10th intervals, intentionally used irregularities, and distinctive compositional techniques. The intensified film score activities during this period continued and led to Paik's musical prime, marked by “Dongbaek Agassi.”
Communication and Identity Restoration in the movie “Hidden Figures”: Focusing on the Imagination of Geometry and Analysis
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kim Youngsun , Kim Taesoo
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this article is to investigate the relational communication, successful mission performance, and identity recovery process of the main character in the movie “Hidden Figures” to overcome workplace discrimination, focusing on the mathematical theory used in space development. First, the social atmosphere revealed in the spatial structure of the text was examined from a geometric perspective, the aspects of discrimination and relationships were approached through hermeneutical imagination, and the events unfolding at the border between oppression and freedom were analyzed from a dynamic perspective. In addition, the meaning and symbolism of the social atmosphere that changes depending on the intervention of external force by a white boss who opposes discrimination is presented in relation to Newtonian mechanics. And an attempt was made to semantically connect the scenes that reveal the mathematician's genius and passion using differential equation terms. At the level of academic convergence, this paper examines institutional improvement and communication methods for successful space development through geometry, analysis, and dynamics theory, and presents various analysis methods for the social success of minorities, overcoming discrimination, and factors in identity recovery.
A Study on the Unconditional Hospitality Aspects of the Darden Brothers’ Films
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Cho Kyuchan
Published: January 2024

This study examines the (im)possibility of unconditional hospitality, Levinas' theory, targeting “Young Ahmed” and “Tori and Rockita” among the works of the Darden brothers. Levinas argues that from the perspective of other ethics, the subject and the other should practice other-centered social ethics by moving toward an ethical relationship. However, as Levinas argues, it is always difficult to realize unconditional hospitality because the subject may not respond fully to the other's appeal, and the other also does not always exist as a weak person in front of the subject. First, “Young Ahmed” shows the possibility of unconditional hospitality as a monstrous other is converted into a weak due to the efforts of the subject due to the contrary religious beliefs. Next, “Tori and Rockita” reveals that unconditional hospitality is impossible when the other is monstrized in the process of forming a relationship with a selfish subject as a weak person. In the end, through these two works, it is possible to confirm the change in the Darden brothers' perception of the refugee problem faced around the world.
Development and Effectiveness Verification of a Group Counseling Program to Improve Mind-reading for Elementary School Students
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Ha Moonsun , An Suyeon
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to examine whether a group counseling program to improve mind-reading was effective in improving mind-reading and peer relationships in elementary school children. First, after implementing the mind reading improvement group counseling program developed in this study, dependent samples t-test was conducted for each of the experimental and control groups. As a result, the experimental group had statistically significant mean differences in interactive reading and mind reading, but the control group did not show significant results. Next, analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of covariance were conducted to examine whether this program was purely effective in improving mind reading and peer relationships. As a result, the experimental group significantly improved than the control group in both mind reading and its subfactors, namely interaction reading and higher order thought reading, but no significant results were found in peer relationships. Implications and suggestions were presented based on the research results.
The Effect of Entrepreneurship on Entrepreneurship Motivation and Intention to Participate in Educational Programs: The Regulating Effect of Family Support
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, y GANTUMUR KHONGORZUL , Kim Wonjong , y BATMUNKH SHURENTSETSEG
Published: January 2024

The specific purpose of this study is as follows. First, through theoretical considerations of senior entrepreneurs, prior studies such as entrepreneurship, motivation for start-ups, participation in start-up education programs, and family support will be reviewed in detail to present definitions and concepts. The empirical analysis results of this study are as follows. First, it found that corporate spirit partially affects the motivation for start-ups. In other words, risk sensitivity and initiative significantly affected the motivation for start-ups. In contrast, innovation did not affect the motivation for start-ups. Second, entrepreneurial motivation significantly influenced the intention to participate in entrepreneurship education programs. Third, there was a partial difference between entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial motivation based on family support. In other words, the path coefficient of the effect of risk sensitivity on entrepreneurial motivation according to family support differs in the high group.
Brief Study on the International Student Attraction Policy ‘Study Korea 300K Project’
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kim Taeun
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the contents of the Study Korea 300K Project, jointly announced by the Ministry of Education and related ministries on August 16, 2023, is pursuing the same direction in attracting top talent that our government is currently aiming for. To do so, government policy reports, academic papers, and related reports were closely examined using the literature analysis method and the gap between the policy and field were organized. As a result, it was found that Korea’s international student attraction policy was intended to solve various purposes such as the problem of population decline, revitalization of local universities, replenishment of university finances, and solution to manpower shortage. Therefore, it is necessary to secure the identity of international students first, in a long-term perspective, and create realistic job and settlement incentives that are tailored to their majors and levels.
PERPLEXING IMPACTED THIRD MOLARS IN A CASE OF TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA AND ARACHNOID CYST (CASE REPORT)
Authors: Lugito Manuel Dwiyanto Hardjo
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is the most frequent form of craniofacial neuropathic pain, with a wide range of severity. Trigeminal neuralgia classically has been associated with neurovascular compression in the prepontine cistern at the nerve root entry zone or in Meckel’s cave due to an abnormal vessel, tumor, or cyst. Arachnoid cysts of the posterior cranial fossa are still less commonly compared to those superior to the constituent part of the posterior cranial fossa meninges. However, the arachnoid cyst in conjunction with the impacted third molar may cause compression of the trigeminal ganglion with similar clinical symptoms. The aim of this report is to explain the management of the first division of trigeminal neuralgia with an arachnoid cyst perplexed by impacted third molars. Case report: A case of a 27-year-old female with throbbing pain on top of her head, forehead, temple, and eyes several times. Extensive clinical and radiologic examinations were performed and revealed an arachnoid cyst and impacted third molars. Impacted third molars were removed. The patient declined the surgery for the arachnoid cyst and was treated symptomatically with amitriptyline 25 mg once daily until recently. The definitive diagnosis was the first division of trigeminal neuralgia and an arachnoid cyst. Conclusions A fundamental aspect of the diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia is to examine and exclude all possible underlying etiologies and structural pathologies, which can refer the pain to a location remote from the stimulus.
How Earth System Models Can Inform Key Dimensions of Marine Food Security in the Alaskan Arctic
Authors: Gibson Georgina A. , Eicken Hajo , Huntington Henry P. , Deal Clara J. , Lee Olivia , Smith Katherine M. , Jeffery Nicole , Sam Josephine-Mary
Published: January 2024

The Arctic is home to several groups of Indigenous Peoples, each with distinct ways of interacting with their environment and ways of life. Arctic, Indigenous Peoples’ food sovereignty is tightly linked with food security. Subsistence harvesting activities provide nutritious and culturally vital foods for Alaska Native households and communities. Climate change is causing rapid and more unpredictable shifts in environmental conditions that impact three of the key aspects of food security, availability, stability, and accessibility. While communities monitor the abundance and health of food webs and environments as part of subsistence harvest practices, anticipating major transformations and changes in these systems is challenging. We explored the potential of Earth System Model output in helping anticipate or project physical or ecosystem changes relevant to Alaska Indigenous peoples’ food security needs. Through examples of model products, that provide measures of accessibility and availability of marine resources, we show that modern models, such as the Energy Exascale Earth System Model presented here, can provide estimates of a broad suite of variables relevant to food security. We investigate how Earth System Model output could contribute to exploring questions related to aspects of Arctic food security such as accessibility and availability and highlight present model shortcomings that, if addressed, would move Earth System Models closer to being a useful tool for understanding environmentally driven changes to the availability and accessibility of harvestable food resources. Our example model-derived food security indicators illustrate how Earth System Model output could be combined with relevant, non-model, information sources; These model products are meant only as a starting point and a tool for engaging community members and to present, in an accessible way, the model’s potential utility, or current lack thereof, to rights holders and stakeholders concerned about food security. We are hopeful that with example products in hand, additional model development efforts will have a higher likelihood of success in achieving an iterative discussion with stakeholders regarding feasible and desired products.
Navigating formula shortages: associations of parental perspectives on transitioning to alternative infant formulas for cow's milk protein allergy during the 2022 national formula shortage
Authors: Fabbrini Abigail L. , Farrar Andrew A. , Brown Jerry M. , Oliveros Lea V. , Florio Jared , Beacker Jesse , Lamos Luke , Baran Jessica V. , Wilsey Michael J.
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic led to supply chain disruptions causing a severe shortage of infant formula. The shortage impacted parents of infants with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) who rely on specialized formulas. However, research on parent perspectives during formula shortages is limited. We aimed to understand the factors guiding parents' decisions when transitioning to alternative amino acid formula (AAF) or extensively hydrolyzed formula (eHF) during the national formula shortage. We conducted a survey using the ZSMoments platform and found that before the shortage, parents valued safety (83%), tolerability (78%), and reputability (78%) as primary factors in selecting eHFs and AAFs. Post-shortage, formula tolerability (86%), assurance (84%), and safety (80%) gained more importance. Among those switching eHF (n = 54), health care provider recommendations (81%), reputability (78%), taste (78%), and tolerability (78%) were rated as “extremely important.” Among those switching AAF (n = 26), top factors included tolerability (77%), assurance (73%), safety (73%), cost-effectiveness (73%), and formula trustworthiness (73%). These data suggest that parents carefully weigh various factors when managing their child's CMPA and transitioning to different AAF or eHF options.
Stability simulation analysis of targeted puncture in L4/5 intervertebral space for PELD surgery
Authors: Liu Yuhuai , Zhang Qiongchi , Ji Ning , Wang Jie , Li Jie , Du Jinpei , Zhao Jinghao , Ouyang Pengrong , Qin Jie , Li Haopeng , Wang Dong
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The application prospects of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) as a minimally invasive spinal surgery method in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation are extensive. This study aims to find the optimal entry angle for the trephine at the L4/5 intervertebral space, which causes less lumbar damage and has greater postoperative stability. To achieve this, we conduct a three-dimensional simulated analysis of the degree of damage caused by targeted puncture-based trephine osteotomy on the lumbar spine.

Methods: We gathered clinical CT data from patients to construct a lumbar model. This model was used to simulate and analyze the variations in trephine osteotomy volume resulting from targeted punctures at the L4/5 interspace. Furthermore, according to these variations in osteotomy volume, we created Finite Element Analysis (FEA) models specifically for the trephine osteotomy procedure. We then applied mechanical loads to conduct range of motion and von Mises stress analyses on the lumbar motion unit.

Results: In percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy, the smallest osteotomy volume occurred with a 20° entry angle, close to the base of the spinous process. The volume increased at 30° and reached its largest at 40°. In percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy, the largest osteotomy volume was observed with a 50° entry angle, passing through the facet joints, with smaller volumes at 60° and the smallest at 70°. In FEA, M6 exhibited the most notable biomechanical decline, particularly during posterior extension and right rotation. M2 and M3 showed significant differences primarily in rotation, whereas the differences between M3 and M4 were most evident in posterior extension and right rotation. M5 displayed their highest stress levels primarily in posterior extension, with significant variations observed in right rotation alongside M4.

Conclusion: The appropriate selection of entry sites can reduce lumbar damage and increase stability. We suggest employing targeted punctures at a 30° angle for PEID and at a 60° angle for PTED at the L4/5 intervertebral space. Additionally, reducing the degree of facet joint damage is crucial to enhance postoperative stability in lumbar vertebral motion units.
Bioactive decellularized extracellular matrix-based hydrogel supports human adipose tissue-derived stem cell maintenance and fibrocartilage phenotype
Authors: Josino Raphaella , Stimamiglio Marco Augusto
Published: January 2024

Articular cartilage is a highly specialized tissue able to tolerate physical stress. However, its capacity for restoration is restricted, and injuries to the cartilage do not recover spontaneously. Interest in mesenchymal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue (hASCs) is growing due to their potential to improve tissue healing and recovery. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)-based hydrogels combined with hASCs could serve as an interface for studying behavior and differentiation properties in a cartilage microenvironment. In the present study, we described the behavior of hASCs cultured in a commercial dECM MatriXpec™. The structural microtopography of MatriXpec™ was analyzed by scanning electron micrography, and its protein composition was accessed by mass spectrometry. The protein composition of MatriXpec™ is mainly represented by collagen proteins, building its fibrous ultrastructure. hASCs were cultured three-dimensionally (3D) on MatriXpec™ to perform cell viability, growth, and cartilage differentiation analysis. We showed that MatriXpec™ could be loaded with hASCs and that it supports cell maintenance for several days. We observed that the three-dimensional ultrastructure of the biomaterial is composed of nanofibers, and its protein composition reflects the tissue from which it was harvested. Finally, we showed that the molecular cues from the hydrogel are biologically active as these influence cell behavior and differentiation phenotype, increasing the expression of fibrocartilage-related genes such as SOX9, COL1, COL10, and MMP13. MatriXpec™ hydrogel can be used as an interface for 3D hASCs culture studies as it maintains cell viability and supports its differentiation process.
VitroGel-loaded human MenSCs promote endometrial regeneration and fertility restoration
Authors: Wu Meijuan , Wu Shengnan , Tan Shidong , Xu Qingxin , Zhang Donghai , Sun Jiaxue , Yang Haoyu , Wang Cancan , Duan Tao , Xu Yao , Wei Zhiyun
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Intrauterine adhesions (IUA), also known as Asherman's syndrome, is caused by trauma to the pregnant or non-pregnant uterus, which leads to damaged endometrial basal lining and partial or total occlusion of the uterine chambers, resulting in abnormal menstruation, infertility, or recurrent miscarriage. The essence of this syndrome is endometrial fibrosis. And there is no effective treatment for IUA to stimulate endometrial regeneration currently. Recently, menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) have been proved to hold therapeutic promise in various diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, and liver cirrhosis.

Methods: In this study, we examined the effects of MenSCs on the repair of uterine adhesions in a rat model, and more importantly, promoted such therapeutic effects via a xeno-free VitroGel MMP carrier.

Results: This combined treatment reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, increased the expression of anti-inflammatory factors, restricted the area of endometrial fibrosis, diminished uterine adhesions, and partially restored fertility, showing stronger effectiveness than each component alone and almost resembling the sham group.

Discussion: Our findings suggest a highly promising strategy for IUA treatment.
Gelatin-containing porous polycaprolactone PolyHIPEs as substrates for 3D breast cancer cell culture and vascular infiltration
Authors: Jackson Caitlin E. , Doyle Iona , Khan Hamood , Williams Samuel F. , Aldemir Dikici Betül , Barajas Ledesma Edgar , Bryant Helen E. , English William R. , Green Nicola H. , Claeyssens Frederik
Published: January 2024

Tumour survival and growth are reliant on angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, to facilitate nutrient and waste exchange and, importantly, provide a route for metastasis from a primary to a secondary site. Whilst current models can ensure the transport and exchange of nutrients and waste via diffusion over distances greater than 200 μm, many lack sufficient vasculature capable of recapitulating the tumour microenvironment and, thus, metastasis. In this study, we utilise gelatin-containing polymerised high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) templated polycaprolactone-methacrylate (PCL-M) scaffolds to fabricate a composite material to support the 3D culture of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and vascular ingrowth. Firstly, we investigated the effect of gelatin within the scaffolds on the mechanical and chemical properties using compression testing and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. Initial in vitro assessment of cell metabolic activity and vascular endothelial growth factor expression demonstrated that gelatin-containing PCL-M polyHIPEs are capable of supporting 3D breast cancer cell growth. We then utilised the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay to assess the angiogenic potential of cell-seeded gelatin-containing PCL-M polyHIPEs, and vascular ingrowth within cell-seeded, surfactant and gelatin-containing scaffolds was investigated via histological staining. Overall, our study proposes a promising composite material to fabricate a substrate to support the 3D culture of cancer cells and vascular ingrowth.
Pulmonary decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) modified polyethylene terephthalate three-dimensional cell carriers regulate the proliferation and paracrine activity of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Li Jinze , Zhang Jiali , Ye Hao , Wang Qixuan , Ouyang Yanran , Luo Yuxi , Gong Yihong
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess a high degree of self-renewal capacity and in vitro multi-lineage differentiation potential. Decellularized materials have garnered considerable attention due to their elevated biocompatibility, reduced immunogenicity, excellent biodegradability, and the ability to partially mimic the in vivo microenvironment conducive to cell growth. To address the issue of mesenchymal stem cells losing their stem cell characteristics during two-dimensional (2D) cultivation, this study established three-dimensional cell carriers modified with lung decellularized extracellular matrix and assessed its impact on the life activities of mesenchymal stem cells.

Methods: This study employed PET as a substrate material, grafting with polydopamine (PDA), and constructing a decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) coating on its surface, thus creating the PET/PDA/dECM three-dimensional (3D) composite carrier. Subsequently, material characterization of the cellular carriers was conducted, followed by co-culturing with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, aiming to investigate the material’s impact on the proliferation and paracrine activity of mesenchymal stem cells.

Results and Discussion: Material characterization demonstrated successful grafting of PDA and dECM materials, and it had complete hydrophilicity, high porosity, and excellent mechanical properties. The material was rich in various ECM proteins (collagen I, collagen IV , laminin, fibronectin, elastin), indicating good biocompatibility. In long-term in vitro cultivation (14 days) experiments, the PET/PDA/dECM three-dimensional composite carrier significantly enhanced adhesion and proliferation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs), with a proliferation rate 1.9 times higher than that of cells cultured on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) at day 14. Furthermore, it effectively maintained the stem cell characteristics, expressing specific antigens for HUCMSCs. Through qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA experiments, the composite carrier markedly promoted the expression and secretion of key cell factors in HUCMSCs. These results demonstrate that the PET/PDA/dECM composite carrier holds great potential for scaling up MSCs’ long-term in vitro cultivation and the production of paracrine factors.
Targeted delivery of miR-34a-5p by phenylborate-coupled polyethylenimide nanocarriers for anti-KSHV treatment
Authors: Li Fangling , Cao Dongdong , Yao Lixia , Gu Wenyi , Liu Zhiyong , Li Dongmei , Cui Lin
Published: January 2024

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) can infect a variety of cells and cause malignant tumors. At present, the use of microRNA (miRNA) for anti-KSHV is a promising treatment strategy, but the instability and non-specific uptake of miRNA still limit its use in the treatment of KSHV. In the present study, we constructed a nano-drug delivery system employing chemical grafting and electrostatic adsorption to solve the problems of easy degradation and low cell uptake of miRNA during direct administration. This nano-drug delivery system is to graft 4-carboxyphenylboric acid (PBA) and lauric acid (LA) onto polyethylenimine (PEI) through amidation reaction, and then prepare cationic copolymer nanocarriers (LA-PEI-PBA). The drug-carrying nanocomplex LA-PEI-PBA/miR-34a-5p was formed after further electrostatic adsorption of miR-34a-5p on the carrier and could protect miR-34a-5p from nuclease and serum degradation. Modification of the drug-carrying nanocomplex LA-PEI-PBA/miR-34a-5p by targeted molecule PBA showed effective uptake, increase in the level of miR-34a-5p, and inhibition of cell proliferation and migration in KSHV-infected cells. In addition, the drug-carrying nanocomplex could also significantly reduce the expression of KSHV lytic and latent genes, achieving the purpose of anti-KSHV treatment. In conclusion, these cationic copolymer nanocarriers with PBA targeting possess potential applications in nucleic acid delivery and anti-KSHV therapy.
Smart contract life-cycle management: an engineering framework for the generation of robust and verifiable smart contracts
Authors: Mustafa Iqra , McGibney Alan , Rea Susan
Published: January 2024

The concept of smart contracts (SCs) is becoming more prevalent, and their application is gaining traction across many diverse scenarios. However, producing poorly constructed contracts carries significant risks, including the potential for substantial financial loss, a lack of trust in the technology, and the risk of exposure to cyber-attacks. Several tools exist to assist in developing SCs, but their limited functionality increases development complexity. Expert knowledge is required to ensure contract reliability, resilience, and scalability. To overcome these risks and challenges, tools and services based on modeling and formal techniques are required that offer a robust methodology for SC verification and life-cycle management. This study proposes an engineering framework for the generation of a robust and verifiable smart contract (GRV-SC) framework that covers the entire SC life-cycle from design to deployment stages. It adopts SC modeling and automated formal verification methodologies to detect security vulnerabilities and improve resilience, extensibility, and code optimization to mitigate risks associated with SC development. Initially, the framework includes the implementation of a formal approach, using colored Petri nets (CPNs), to model cross-platform Digital Asset Modeling Language (DAML) SCs. It also incorporates a specialized type safety dynamic verifier, which is designed to detect and address new vulnerabilities that can arise in DAML contracts, such as access control and insecure direct object reference (Idor) vulnerabilities. The proposed GRV-SC framework provides a holistic approach to SC life-cycle management and aims to enhance the security, reliability, and adoption of SCs.
Combination of cellulose nanofiber and artificial fusion protein for biocementation
Authors: Nawarathna Thiloththama Hiranya Kumari , Sakai Jin , Nakashima Kazunori , Kawabe Tetsuya , Shikama Miki , Takano Chikara , Kawasaki Satoru
Published: January 2024

Biomineralization occurring in living organisms is mostly controlled by organic macromolecules such as polysaccharides and proteins. Recently, biomineralization has been attracting much attention as a green and sustainable cementation technique including enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP), where CaCO3 is formed by hydrolysis of urea by urease in the presence of calcium ions. In this study, we have developed a novel hybrid biocementation method combining CaCO3 and cellulose nanofiber (CNF). In nature, matrix proteins work as a binder at the interface of organic and inorganic materials to form hybrid biomaterials. By mimicking the natural system, we designed an artificial fusion protein to facilitate the deposition of CaCO3 on CNF. Calcite-binding peptide (CaBP) and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) were introduced in the artificial fusion protein CaBP-CBM to connect CaCO3 and cellulose. The addition of CNF in the EICP system resulted in the formation of a number of small particles of CaCO3 compared to a non-additive system. The addition of the fusion protein CaBP-CBM to CNF led to an increase in the size of CaCO3 particles. Furthermore, the combination of CaBP-CBM and CNF provides higher strength of samples in sand solidification. Therefore, introduction of CNF and the fusion protein would be promising for novel biocementation techniques.
Characterisation techniques for investigating TBC and EBC failure: a review
Authors: Scotson Daniel , Paksoy Ahmet Hilmi , Xiao Ping
Published: January 2024

Materials characterisation plays a crucial role in developing thermal barrier coatings and environmental barrier coatings for gas-turbine engines. The failure of thermal barrier coatings and environmental barrier coatings is influenced by a complex interdependence of microstructure, residual stress, and thermomechanical properties. Validating our mechanistic understanding of each of these factors that contribute to failure requires a selection of suitable characterisation techniques. Presented in this review are characterisation techniques, both ex situ and in situ, that have advanced the understanding of thermal barrier coating and environmental barrier coating failure. Targeted coating development that is both effective and efficient depends on these characterisation techniques to obtain superior coatings with improved performance and lifetime.
Mechanisms and otoprotective strategies of programmed cell death on aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity
Authors: Han Lei , Wang Zijing , Wang Daqi , Gao Ziwen , Hu Shaowei , Shi Dazhi , Shu Yilai
Published: January 2024

Aminoglycosides are commonly used for the treatment of life-threatening bacterial infections, however, aminoglycosides may cause irreversible hearing loss with a long-term clinical therapy. The mechanism and prevention of the ototoxicity of aminoglycosides are still limited although amounts of studies explored widely. Specifically, advancements in programmed cell death (PCD) provide more new perspectives. This review summarizes the general signal pathways in programmed cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis, as well as the mechanisms of aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity. Additionally, novel interventions, especially gene therapy strategies, are also investigated for the prevention or treatment of aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss with prospective clinical applications.
Biological functions and applications of LncRNAs in the regulation of the extracellular matrix in osteoarthritis
Authors: Shi Di , Mei Yufeng , Hao Wan , Li Jun , Liu Shuguang , Lin Xiao
Published: January 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability, characterized by chronic pain, irreversible destruction, and loss of function of the articular cartilage. The integrity and arrangement of the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are essential for maintaining the elasticity, integrity, and mechanical support function of the cartilage tissue. Osteoarthritis causes substantial changes in the ECM, driving the progression of the disease. Recent studies have shown that the ECM plays a critical role in the development of cartilage tissue as well as the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis by directly or indirectly regulating chondrocyte proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and gene expression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs derived from large transcripts. Mutations and disorders of lncRNAs are closely related to the development of osteoarthritis. Abnormal expression of lncRNAs in osteoarthritic cartilage regulates the synthesis and decomposition of the cartilaginous ECM. Therefore, the use of lncRNAs as nucleic acid drugs that regulate their targets may reduce ECM degradation, thereby delaying the pathological progression of osteoarthritis. In this review, the regulatory effects of lncRNAs on ECM in different cell behaviors related to OA are summarized. The roles of lncRNAs in the proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and ECM-related gene activity of chondrocytes, as well as the application of lncRNAs as potential gene therapy drugs for the repair and regeneration of osteoarthritic tissue, are also reviewed. A better understanding of the roles of lncRNAs in guiding chondrocyte behavior and ECM metabolism is critical for their future applications in osteoarthritis therapy and regenerative medicine.
Post-translational modifications of Keap1: the state of the art
Authors: Song Yunjia , Qu Ying , Mao Caiyun , Zhang Rong , Jiang Deyou , Sun Xutao
Published: January 2024

The Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cellular defense against oxidative stress-induced damage. Its activation entails the expression and transcriptional regulation of several proteins involved in detoxification and antioxidation processes within the organism. Keap1, serving as a pivotal transcriptional regulator within this pathway, exerts control over the activity of Nrf2. Various post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Keap1, such as alkylation, glycosylation, glutathiylation, S-sulfhydration, and other modifications, impact the binding affinity between Keap1 and Nrf2. Consequently, this leads to the accumulation of Nrf2 and its translocation to the nucleus, and subsequent activation of downstream antioxidant genes. Given the association between the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and various diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes, comprehending the post-translational modification of Keap1 not only deepens our understanding of Nrf2 signaling regulation but also contributes to the identification of novel drug targets and biomarkers. Consequently, this knowledge holds immense importance in the prevention and treatment of diseases induced by oxidative stress.
Preparation and characterization of lignin-derived carbon aerogels
Authors: Jõul Piia , Järvik Oliver , Lees Heidi , Kallavus Urve , Koel Mihkel , Lukk Tiit
Published: January 2024

Lignin is considered a valuable renewable resource for building new chemicals and materials, particularly resins and polymers. The aromatic nature of lignin suggests a synthetic route for synthesizing organic aerogels (AGs) similar to the aqueous polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde (FA). The structure and reactivity of lignin largely depend on the severity of the isolation method used, which challenges the development of new organic and carbon materials. Resorcinol aerogels are considered a source of porous carbon material, while lignin-based aerogels also possess great potential for the development of carbon materials, having a high carbon yield with a high specific surface area and microporosity. In the present study, the birch hydrolysis lignin and organosolv lignin extracted from pine were used to prepare AGs with formaldehyde, with the addition of 5-methylresorcinol in the range of 75%–25%, yielding monolithic mesoporous aerogels with a relatively high specific surface area of up to 343.4 m2/g. The obtained lignin-based AGs were further used as raw materials for the preparation of porous carbon aerogels (CAs) under well-controlled pyrolysis conditions with the morphology, especially porosity and the specific surface area, being dependent on the origin of lignin and its content in the starting material.
Unravelling staphylococcal small-colony variants in cardiac implantable electronic device infections: clinical characteristics, management, and genomic insights
Authors: Liu Si , Chen Hongbin , Xu Fangjie , Chen Fengning , Yin Yuyao , Zhang Xiaoyang , Tu Shangyu , Wang Hui
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Staphylococcal small-colony variants (SCVs) are common in cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections. This is the first retrospective and multi-case study on CIED infections due to staphylococcal SCVs, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical management of CIED and device-related infections caused by staphylococcal SCVs.

Methods

Ninety patients with culture positive CIED infections were enrolled between 2021 and 2022. We compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with and without SCVs and performed genomic studies on SCVs isolates.

Results

Compared to patients without SCVs, those with SCVs had a longer primary pacemaker implantation time and were more likely to have a history of device replacement and infection. They showed upregulated inflammatory indicators, especially higher NEUT% (52.6 vs. 26.8%, P = 0.032) and they had longer hospital stays (median 13 vs. 12 days, P = 0.012). Comparative genomics analysis was performed on Staphylococcus epidermidis wild-type and SCVs. Some genes were identified, including aap, genes encoding adhesin, CHAP domain-containing protein, LPXTG cell wall anchor domain-containing protein, and YSIRK-type signal peptide-containing protein.

Conclusion

Staphylococcal SCVs affect the clinical characteristics of CIED infections. The process of staphylococcal SCVs adherence, biofilm formation, and interaction with neutrophils play a vital role.
Probiotics for functional constipation in children: an overview of overlapping systematic reviews
Authors: Zhang Yunxin , Li Aiping , Qiu Jing , Wen Hua , Zhang Hanwen , Sun Xiangjuan
Published: January 2024

Background

This overview of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analysis (MAs) aimed to systematically collate, appraise and synthesize evidence of probiotics for functional constipation (FC) in children.

Methods

SRs/MAs of probiotics for FC in children were systematic identified by searching Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of science. Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2), Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) were unitized by two reviewers independently to assess the methodological quality, reporting quality, and quality of evidence, respectively.

Results

Seven SRs/MAs met the eligibility criteria and were included in this study. According to AMSTAR-2, a very low methodological quality assessment was given to the included SRs/MAs due to the limitations of items 2, 4 and 7. For the PRISMA statement, the overall quality of reporting was unsatisfactory due to the lack of reporting on protocol, risk of bias across studies, synthesis of results, and additional analysis. According to GRADE, the quality of evidence for outcomes was rated as very low to moderate.

Conclusions

Probiotics may be beneficial in improving FC in children. Because of limitations and inconsistent conclusions, further rigorous, normative and comprehensive SRs/MAs are needed to provide robust evidence for definitive conclusions.