bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case Report of 4-Years Old Patient With Nuclear Protein in Testis Midline Carcinoma of Larynx
Authors: Kim Min Seok , Woo Seung Hoon
Published: December 2023

Nuclear protein in testis midline carcinoma (NMC) is an extremely aggressive subtype of squamous cell carcinoma characterized by chromosomal rearrangements of the nuclear protein in testis (NUT) gene. NMC predominantly arises in the anatomical midline locations of the body, with a high occurrence in the thoracic, head and neck regions. However, NMC remains a rarely reported disease, making its inclusion in the initial differential diagnosis challenging. This case involves a 4-year-old boy who presented with a neck mass initially diagnosed as a poorly differentiated carcinoma originating from the larynx with the cervical Lymph node metastasis. However, further tests confirmed the diagnosis of NUT midline carcinoma. This case highlights the importance of conducting NUT immunohistochemistry in cases of squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma occurring in the head and neck, as it can provide meaningful insights for diagnosis and treatment decisions.
A Case of Cholesterol Granuloma in the Nasal Septum
Authors: Kang Hyun Seok , Yun Seong Jin , Kim Jae Wook , Lee Kyung Chul
Published: December 2023

Cholesterol granuloma is a rare disease in which cholesterol crystals act as a foreign substance in the surrounding tissues and cause granulomatous reactions and fibrosis. It is commonly found in the mastoid or petrous apex, but the involvement of the nasal septum is very rare. Mucocele, which has pathogenesis similar to that of cholesterol granuloma, is a relatively common cystic lesion of the paranasal sinus; but rarely, it also occurs in the nasal septum. We report a case of cholesterol granuloma, which was clinically thought of as mucocele at first but managed successfully by endoscope-assisted marsupialization.
Inferior Turbinate Swing Approach for Inaccessible Maxillary Sinus Lesions
Authors: Koh Ji Hoon , Kim Jong Seung
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives Maxillary sinus is easily accessible through endoscopic surgery; however, additional combined approaches may be required depending on primary lesions. These approaches are canine fossa approach (CFA), Caldwell-Luc operation (C-L op), Denker approach, and inferior turbinate (IT) swing technique. Our purpose was to analyze and compare the overall results of these surgical approaches to determine superiority.Subjects and Method Records of patients who underwent surgery of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) with CFA, C-L op, Denker approaches or IT swing technique in a single tertiary hospital from 2015 to 2023 were studied retrospectively. Patients who underwent additional surgery other than CFA, C-L op, Denker, and IT swing technique were excluded.Results A total 86 patients underwent FESS with combined approaches. IT swing technique was used for 30 patients, Denker op was performed for three patients, and C-L op or CFA was used for 53 patients. IT swing technique, Denker op, and C-L op were mainly used for nasal cavity tumor, such as inverted papilloma (IP). CFA was used for not only CRS w NP but also for IP. Recurrence was reported for the IT swing group and CFA group in IP. Three out 20 patients relapsed in the IT swing group, and two out of six patients relapsed in the CFA group.Conclusion The IT swing technique is a good minimally invasive surgical method that can secure the anteromedial field of view of maxillary sinus, but complete drilling of the remnant bone is required for IP.
AI and Chat GPT in Language Teaching: Enhancing EFL Classroom Support and Transforming Assessment Techniques
Authors: Amin Momen Yaseen M.
Published: December 2023

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and Chat GPT technology in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction has ushered in transformative changes in language learning and assessment. This essay explores the multifaceted impact of AI and Chat GPT on EFL education, emphasizing their role in personalized language learning, real-time language practice, and examination techniques. AI facilitates personalized language learning by tailoring lessons to individual students' needs, promoting deeper language understanding. Real-time language practice is enhanced through dynamic interactions with AI-powered chatbots, which provide immediate feedback, boosting proficiency and confidence. In examination techniques, AI automates grading and feedback, improving efficiency and consistency, while also enhancing test security. The integration of AI and Chat GPT raises ethical considerations regarding privacy, equity, and responsible AI usage. Successful case studies, including Duolingo's language learning platform, Chat GPT in EFL classrooms, and ExamSoft's examination software, highlight the practical benefits of AI integration. The future of EFL education lies in a collaborative relationship between human teachers and AI, addressing challenges and limitations while prioritizing ethical considerations, equitable access, and meaningful human interaction. The potential for a more effective and engaging EFL learning experience is achievable with a commitment to these principles.
Mycodiversity of Orchha Wildlife Sanctuary (M.P.) India
Authors: Richhariya Jyoti , Dassani Sippy , Sharma Tirthesh K.
Published: December 2023

Fungi being saprophytic, play a vital role in decomposition and recycling of litter and forest debries. Fungi also help to keep soil healthy by releasing nutrients.. The objective of current study is to investigate the fungal diversification in Orchha Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh. Samples of degrading litter were collected throughout the year in the Orchha region. The collected material was dissolved in double distilled water and serially diluted upto three times. The Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium-filled petriplates were streaked with both the undiluted and diluted solutions. As slants, pure cultures were kept at 4°C. Macroscopic and microscopic both methods were used to identify fungus isolates. There were 33 distinct fungi that were isolated and named - Acremonium implicatum, Alternaria alternata, Ascochyta graminicola, Aspergillus flavipes, A. flavus, A. fischeri, A. fumigatus, A. japonicus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. terreus, A. tamarii, Beltraniella humicola, Ceratocystis paradoxa, Chaetomium salami, Cladosporium sphaereospermum, Colletotrichum capsici, Cunninghamella blakesleeana, Curvularia lunata, Emericella nidulans, Fusarium oxysporum, Gibberella zeae, Humicola fuscoatra, Mucor hiemalis, Paecilomyces lilacinus, P. variotii, Pestalotiopsis mangiferae, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. decumbens, Rhizopus stolonifer, Rhodotorula glutinis, Scopulariopsis brumptii and Trichoderma viride.
Influence of various coagulants on quality of paneer prepared from milk (Buffalo and
Soy milk) and their blends
Authors: Singh Praveen Kumar , Singh Satyavir
Published: December 2023

The present study was undertaken with various proportion (0:100, 70:30, 55:45 and 100:0) of buffalo milk and soy milk (grinded soybean) soaking with 0.1 Soda bicarb (9 hours). After draining and washing the soybean cooked at 1200C for 5 minutes, grinding with water followed by filtration were done for preparation of soy milk. Buffalo milk and soy milk after blinding (P1-0:100,P2-70:30, P3-55:45 and P4-100:00) the heating (800C and 950C) and cooling followed by CaCl2 (2% and 5%),lactic acid (2% and 5%) and citric acid (2% and 5%). Cagulants were used for paneer making. The highest quality paneer production (219.7 g/L) was obtained P4 proportion (100:0) using 2% CaCl2 as coagulant at 950C temperature followed by (213.0 g/L) using 2% CaCl2& 5% lactic acid at 800C temperature, (210.5 g/L) using 5% citric acid at 800C & 950C temperature. Lowest (133.0 g/L) production was obtained using 5% CaCl2 as coagulant at 950C temperature.
Effect of Leaf Crinkle Virus infection on Nodulation, Productivity and Yield of Black
Gram Vigna mungo
Authors: Srivastava Sanjay , Srivastava D.K. , Singh Alok K.
Published: December 2023

In the present study, effect of Urd bean leaf crinkle virus (ULCV) infection on the nodulation, productivity and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo) was investigated. Virus infection was shown to reduce the number, size and weight of nodules in both the cultivars of black gram viz., T-9 and IPU 94-1. Primary productivity was also adversely affected due to virus infection. Gross and net production rates decreased whereas respiratory loss increased in infected leaves. Virus infection also reduced the grain yield which ranged from 6.81 to 66 percent over healthy plants when inoculated at different growth stages. Decrease in the number of pods per plant and 100 grain weight was recorded. Early inoculated plants showed higher yield loss than the mid and late inoculated ones.
Fish scales : Waste processing as a potential source of bioactive compounds
Authors: Mangal Sudipto , Ranjan Gaurav , Gupta Srijani Das , Ray Moumita
Published: December 2023

The rise of fish processing over the years has led to an upsurge of by-products like fish scales, bones and skin which are often considered as trash and discarded. Study on two most common carp fish in Indian freshwater, Catla catla and Labeo rohita revealed some valuable by- products from nonedible fish scales such as type I collagen, gelatin, hydroxyapatite, chitin and chitosan. The remarkable antioxidant effects of fish gelatin isolated from fish scale is of great pharmaceutical importance in addition to type I collagen which is utilized for implants to culture skin cells or as drug carrier for restoration of skin. Collagen has haemostatic characteristic and facilitate blood coagulation as well as tissue repair. A natural biocompatible component of fish scale that coexists with collagen protein is hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite is also used in controlled drug release by pharmaceutical industry and hip replacement surgery. Currently chitosan obtained from chitin present in fish by-product is gaining popularity as a potential drug candidate and gene carrier for anticancer chemotherapy. Taken altogether, our study highlights the importance and method of extraction of different by-products of Indian fresh water fishes in health science.
Manifestation of Acrylamide induced alterations in the CA1 region of hippocampus of
mice by the leaf extract of Meetha Neem : Murraya koenigii
Authors: Bano Habiba , Jatav Jayanti
Published: December 2023

A global concern has been observed since the findings about acrylamide formation during high temperature cooking and its presence in infant formulas causing deleterious damage to the vital organs of the body including the major organ brain. Acrylamide is a well-known neurotoxin. It causes alterations and changes in the normal structure of hippocampus. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover herbal formulation that can combat the toxic effects of acrylamide. Hence, in the present investigation Murraya koenigii is used to establish its efficacy as a neuroprotectant against acrylamide damage.
Kesejahteraan, Motivasi, dan Inovasi: Peran Mediasi Motivation to Learn dalam Hubungan Well-Being Oriented Management dan Innovative Work Behavior
Authors: Pramusiwi Aloysia Desy , Tegar Satya Putra
Published: December 2023

Studi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti bagaimana Well-being Oriented Management (WOM) dapat mendorong inovasi karyawan. Belum banyak literatur yang mengkaji inovasi sebagai sebuah tuntutan pekerjaan yang menyita sumber daya pegawai. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini menilik hubungan antara WOM, salah satu pendekatan pengelolaan karyawan yang mengdepankan kesejahteraan, Motivation To Learn (MTL) dan Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) menggunakan metode kuantitatif.  Kuesioner didistribusikan kepada 150 responden dan dianalisis menggunakan SEM-PLS. Temuan menyoroti bahwa WOM berdampak positif pada MTL, yang pada gilirannya meningkatkan IWB. Selain itu, MTL berperan sebagai mediator parsial antara WOM dan IWB. Secara singkat, studi ini menunjukkan pentingnya WOM dalam mendorong inovasi karyawan. Manajer disarankan mengadopsi praktik tersebut untuk mendukung karyawan dalam berinovasi dan memastikan kesejahteraan mereka terpenuhi, mengingat inovasi adalah suatu kegiatan yang menantang.
ANTIMICROBIAL COMBINATION OF LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA L. ESSENTIAL OIL WITH KOJIC ACID
Authors: KIRCI Damla , ÖZŞEN BATUR Özge , DEMİRCİ Betül
Published: December 2023

Objective: Lavandula angustifolia L. (Lavender) is one of the most plants essential oils used in the cosmetic, food and biological activities. Kojic acid has been used in cosmetics for its whitening effect and pharmaceutical activity. The aim of this study to determine the composition of the Pharmacopoeia quality L. angustifolia essential oil (EO). Moreover, antimicrobial activities against skin pathogens and synergistic antibacterial activity were also examined of EO and kojic acid.
Material and Method: In this work, chemical composition of the EO was defined. Linalyl acetate (43.3%) and linalool (38.6%) were determined as the major components by GC-MS and GC-FID, simultaneously. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Candida albicans, C. glabrata, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium.
Result and Discussion: EO and kojic acid showed weak antimicrobial effects. MIC values were determined as the EO 10 mg/ml and kojic acid 1.25 mg/ml against S. typhimurium. To assess the synergistic activity was evaluated by the checkerboard microdilution assay, EO was combined with kojic acid against S. typhimurium. Among the tested skin pathogen microorganisms, S. typhimurium was more sensitive to kojic acid. Therefore, synergic activity was investigated against S. typhimurium and found indifferent effect.
MIXUE'S SURABAYA BRAND IMAGE, PRODUCT QUALITY, BRAND LOVE AND LOYALTY INFLUENCE
Authors:   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Samekto Jonathan Felix Alfredo , Lindawati Tuty ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Kristanti Maria Mia ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this research is to test the influence analysis of Brand Image and Product Quality on Brand Love and Brand Loyalty Mixue in Surabaya. The sampling technique used non-probability sampling with purposive sampling method. The samples taken were 160 respondents who were consumers from Mixue in Surabaya. While the tools used to retrieve and collect data are in the form of online questionnaires via the Google form. The data analysis technique uses Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) using the LISREL program. The results of this study state that Brand Image has a positive and insignificant effect on Brand Love, Product Quality has a positive and significant effect on Brand Love, Brand Image has a negative and insignificant effect on Brand Loyalty, Product Quality has a positive and insignificant effect on Brand Loyalty, Brand Love has a positive and significant effect on Brand Loyalty.
ACTN3 (rs1815739) GENİ İLE DARBEYE BAĞLI OLMAYAN SPOR YARALANMALARI İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KAHYA Sedat
Published: December 2023

Günümüz dünyasında sporun artan popülaritesi ve sporcuların performans limitlerinin ötesine geçme isteği beraberinde birtakım sorunları gündeme getirmiştir. Bu sorunlardan biri olan spor yaralanmaları, spora ayrılan zamanın kaybolması ile sonuçlanan multifaktöriyel özelliğe sahip olumsuz bir durumdur. Spor yaralanmalarının oluş mekanizmaları dikkate alındığında, içsel ve dışsal birçok faktörün bu fenomen üzerinde önemli etkilere sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Bu faktörlerden biri olmaya aday genetik, sporcuları yumuşak doku yaralanmalarına karşı daha duyarlı hâle getirebilmektedir. Derleme, bugüne kadar ACTN3 rs1815739 gen polimorfizmi ve spor yaralanmaları ile ilgili internet veri tabanına kayıtlı çalışmaların değerlendirmesini içermektedir. ACTN3 rs1815739 gen polimorfizmi, kaslarda aktin filamentlerinin Z diskine bağlanmasını sağlayan alfa aktinin 3 proteinini kodlamaktadır. Aktin miyofilamentleri, kas fibrillerinin kasılma fonksiyonunda önemli bir göreve sahiptir. ACTN3 geninin kodladığı alfa aktinin proteini, kan ve kasdaki seviyeye bağlı olarak kas morfolojisini etkileyebilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, ACTN3 rs1815739 gen polimorfizmindeki genotip ve aleller darbeye bağlı olmayan kas yaralanmalarının mekanizmasını önemli ölçüde değiştirebilmektedir.
EXAMINING THE CHANGES REGARDING “SPORTS AT HOME” IN THE FRAMEWORK OF YOUTUBE COMMENTS BEFORE AND DURING THE PANDEMIC
Authors: AKYILDIZ MUNUSTURLAR Müge , YOLCU Edanur , ERDOĞAN Yeliz
Published: December 2023

This study aims to reveal the difference between opinions of individuals who do sports at home by watching videos on YouTube, which gained popularity all over the world before and during the pandemic. In order to examine the change in subject of "sports at home" before and during the pandemic, the most watched "exercise" themed video titled "Do This Everyday to Lose Weight" was selected as data source and user comments were categorized thematically. To analyze data set, Mozdeh Big Data Text Analysis (2020) was used to collect user comments from videos and the number of interactions of these comments via API connection. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze user comments. The themes were categorized as feedback as a result of regular participation, feedback to content creator, body image anxiety, being happy with body changes, insights focused on weight loss, motivation, challenge and struggle, barriers to participation, flow experience, health status reporting, leisure and enjoyment. It was determined that especially the groups of challenging and struggling, use of leisure time, enjoyment were the themes that received more interaction.
CASH CONVERSION CYCLE EFFECTS ON PROFITABILITY OF MALAYSIAN PLANTATION SECTOR
Authors: Md Aris Nazaria , Minggu Brenda Nu , Tan Yuin Weng , Lim Pei Jia , Mohamed Ahmad Syubaili
Published: December 2023

The cash conversion cycle (CCC) is a crucial indicator in determining how efficiently a firm can turn its inventory into sales and subsequently into cash. Data from 43 firms listed in Bursa Malaysia from 2016 to 2019 were used to study the relationship between the CCC and profitability. The determinants for CCC are the days sales outstanding (DSO), days payables outstanding (DPO), and days inventory outstanding (DIO) while profitability is represented by the return on assets (ROA) of the firms. The data were collected from the published annual reports and audited financial statements of the local plantation firms and analyzed using EViews version 10. The result reported that DSO positively influences profitability significantly. DIO also reported a positive influence on profitability but the relationship is insignificant. On the other hand, DPO has an adverse effect on profitability and the relationship is insignificant. The findings provide useful information for the Malaysian government, investors, and policymakers in developing effective policies, rules, or regulations to promote economic productivity, growth, and the best plantation financing decision.
THE IMPACTS OF FINANCIAL RATIOS ON STOCK PRICES IN MALAYSIA: EVIDENCE FROM BANKING INDUSTRY
Authors: Karim Bakri Abdul , Patres Annescia Franciene , Chow Yi Ying Bridney , Kung Lien Jefferson Tiong
Published: December 2023

The objective of this study is to identify whether the financial ratios have an impact towards the stock price in the banking industry of Malaysia. The financial ratios used in this study are the net profit margin, price to earnings ratio and dividend payout ratio. The sample collected for this empirical study covered 10 years of data from 2013-2022. The study found that the net profit margin and price to earnings ratio boost stock price, however the dividend payout ratio decreases stock price. The influence of net profit margin and dividend payment ratio on stock price is negligible, in contrast to price to earnings ratio, which has a large effect on stock price.
Membandingkan Amanat Puisi “My Mistress’ Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun” Berbentuk Terjemahan dan Aslinya: Menggunakan Metode Penerjemahan Setia-Idiomatis
Authors: Putri Rizka Ekasari
Published: December 2023

Salah satu jenis puisi yang sering ditemui adalah puisi bergenre romance yang terkadang memuat amanat berisi pesan sosial seperti pada puisi berjudul “My Mistress’ Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun”. Untuk mengetahui hal tersebut maka dibutuhkan adanya sebuah proses penerjemahan terhadap puisi dengan tujuan utamanya membandingkan unsur amanat pada TSu dan TSa. Dalam menerjemahkan puisi tentu saja seorang penerjemah harus dapat menyampaikan kembali isi dan makna puisi dari bahasa sumber ke dalam bahasa sasaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat terjemahan yang mempertahankan nuansa idiomatis puisi. Penerjemahan dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode penerjemahan Setia-Idiomatis dan beberapa prosedur penerjemahan. Setelah melakukan penerjemahan dan perbandingan maka hal yang selanjutnya dilakukan adalah penarikan kesimpulan terkait kesesuaian dan ketidaksesuaian amanat puisi dalam TSu maupun TSa. Dengan melakukan penerjemahan terhadap puisi tersebut maka akan ditemukan juga beberapa hal terkait kendala yang terjadi pada proses penerjemahan sehingga menyebabkan adanya ketidaksesuain. Selain itu menerjemahkan puisi juga dapat menambah kepahaman terhadap penerapan metode, prosedur, dan teknik penerjemahan.
Menyoal Asas Equality Before the Law dalam Realitas Peradilan di Indonesia melalui Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: M. Ainun Najib
Published: December 2023

Asas equality before the law sudah menjadi acuan utama dalam peradilan di Indonesia. Asas tersebut dipandang dapat menjaga keadilan tetap terpenuhi dalam proses peradilan antara si kaya dan si miskin, penguasa dan yang bukan. Namun dengan realitas bahwa Indonesia belum sempurna dalam instrumen penegakan hukumnya, maka asas ini tidak lagi menjadi gambaran dari keadilan, melainkan menjadi wajah baru dari penindasan. Kajian ini menggunakan metode normatif yang berfokus pada pasal-pasal dan pendapat-pendapat para ahli, kemudian dikaji menggunakan pendekatan sociological jurisprudence untuk mendeskripsikan kesenjangan antara law in books dengan law in action. Terakhir, kajian ini juga menggunakan studi komparatif untuk menemukan jalan keluar penyelesaian kesenjangan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa realitas penerapan asas equality before the law di Indonesia masih jauh dari kata ideal. Jalan keluarnya adalah dengan memperbaiki instrumen penegakan hukum di Indonesia, atau mengadakan pembaharuan dalam kriteria pengangkatan Hakim sebagaimana yang diterapkan dalam wilāyah al-maẓalim.
Social Conflict Among Religious Groups in the Perspective of Sociology of Religion
Authors: Komang Ariyanto
Published: December 2023

Social conflicts between religious communities are a social and cultural issue that still needs to be addressed. They pose a challenging phenomenon within society, creating tension and fractures between individuals and groups with different beliefs. These tensions often pose a threat to the harmony and cohesion among religious communities in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to examine the phenomenon of social conflicts among religious communities from the perspective of sociology of religion. Employing a qualitative method with a literature study approach, it explores social conflicts among religious communities from the viewpoint of sociology of religion. The research findings indicated that interfaith dialogue is recognized as an evolving effort to foster associational and social interactions among religious believers. The significant role of the sociology of religion lies in its integral part in the continuous social process, shaping tolerance among religious followers.
Heuristic Greedy-Gradient Route Search Method for Finding an Optimal Traffic Distribution in Telecommunication Networks
Authors: Gaipov Konstantin , Tausnev Daniil , Khodenkov Sergey , Shepeta Natalya , Malyshev Dmitry , Popov Aleksey , Kazakovtsev Lev
Published: December 2023

Rapid growth in the volume of transmitted information has lead to the emergence of new wireless networking technologies with variable heterogeneous topologies. With limited radio frequency resources, optimal routing problems arise, both at the network design stage and during its operation. We propose an algorithm based on a minimum loss intensity (greedy-gradient algorithm) to search for optimal routes of information transmission in telecommunication networks. The relevance of the developed algorithm is determined by its practical use in data-transmitting modeling systems. The proposed algorithm satisfies several requirements, such as the speed of the calculations performed, the fulfillment of the conditions for its convergence, and its independence on the selected loss probability function, as well as on the network topology. The idea of the algorithm is a step-by-step recalculation of metrics based on derivatives of the loss intensity function with simultaneous redistribution of information flows along the routes determined by the Floyd algorithm. The comparative efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by computational experiments on various network topologies (up to 100 nodes) with various traffic intensities.
Cosserat Rod-Based Dynamic Modeling of a Hybrid-Actuated Soft Robot for Robot-Assisted Cardiac Ablation
Authors: Roshanfar Majid , Dargahi Javad , Hooshiar Amir
Published: December 2023

Soft robotics has emerged as a promising field due to the unique characteristics offered by compliant and flexible structures. Overcoming the challenge of precise position control is crucial in the development of such systems that require accurate modeling of soft robots. In response, a hybrid-actuated soft robot employing both air pressure and tendons was proposed, modeled, and validated using the dynamic Cosserat rod theory. This approach comprehensively addresses various aspects of deformation, including bending, torsion, shear, and extension. The designed robot was intended for robot-assisted cardiac ablation, a minimally invasive procedure that is used to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Within the framework of the Cosserat model, dynamic equations were discretized over time, and ordinary differential equations (ODEs) were solved at each time step. These equations of motion facilitated the prediction of the robot’s response to different control inputs, such as the air pressure and tension applied to the tendons. Experimental studies were conducted on a physical prototype to examine the accuracy of the model. The experiments covered a tension range of 0 to 3 N for each tendon and an air pressure range of 0 to 40 kPa for the central chamber. The results confirmed the accuracy of the model, demonstrating that the dynamic equations successfully predicted the robot’s motion in response to diverse control inputs.
Vibration Damping and Noise Reduction of a New Non-Newtonian Fluid Damper in a Washing Machine
Authors: Song Yuanjin , Zhuang Zhong , Wang Xianping , Fang Qianfeng , Cheng Zhijun , Zhang Tao
Published: December 2023

Due to friction vibration dampers’ inability to effectively dampen low loads during high-frequency dewatering, drum washing machines vibrated intensively. In order to address this problem, in this paper, a novel type of low-cost non-Newtonian fluid damper is proposed and investigated based on the non-Newtonian fluid shear thinning properties’ effect on vibration suppression during the high-frequency dewatering process of the washing machine. In contrast to other commonly used dampers, the homemade non-Newtonian fluid damper significantly suppresses the growth trend of the apparent elastic coefficient at high frequencies. A systematic investigation of damper structural parameters reveals that smaller gap height, higher piston head number, and more viscous fluid viscosity are adequate for vibration suppression and noise reduction. These results demonstrate that the non-Newtonian fluid damper can produce an excellent vibration-damping effect for the entire washing process of the washing machine, especially for the high-frequency dewatering process. The acceleration attenuation ratio can reach up to 83.49%, the energy attenuation is up to 98.44%, and the noise reduction is up to 10.38 dB.
Simulation and Validation of an Incremental Bending Process for Cylindrical Fuselage Components
Authors: Jepkens Jan , Müller Philipp , Wester Hendrik , Hübner Sven , Wehrmann Simon , Behrens Bernd-Arno
Published: December 2023

In the aviation industry, a large number of processes are not digitalised. Simultaneously, many special processes are used in production, such as incremental bending. In order to model and efficiently design multi-stage processes with methods such as FEM, automation and linking of the individual simulations are necessary. This paper therefore presents a method for automatically simulating and evaluating a complete incremental bending process with 24 strokes in LS-Dyna using a Python framework with cfiles. The final validation of the force–displacement relationships and inner radii of the generated scaled fuselage shell show high prediction accuracies of about 90%. Thus, the presented methodology enables a FEM-based process design of incremental bending in the aviation industry.
Analyzing Multi-Mode Fatigue Information from Speech and Gaze Data from Air Traffic Controllers
Authors: Xu Lin , Ma Shanxiu , Shen Zhiyuan , Huang Shiyu , Nan Ying
Published: December 2023

In order to determine the fatigue state of air traffic controllers from air talk, an algorithm is proposed for discriminating the fatigue state of controllers based on applying multi-speech feature fusion to voice data using a Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (FSVM). To supplement the basis for discrimination, we also extracted eye-fatigue-state discrimination features based on Percentage of Eyelid Closure Duration (PERCLOS) eye data. To merge the two classes of discrimination results, a new controller fatigue-state evaluation index based on the entropy weight method is proposed, based on a decision-level fusion of fatigue discrimination results for speech and the eyes. The experimental results show that the fatigue-state recognition accuracy rate was 86.0% for the fatigue state evaluation index, which was 3.5% and 2.2%higher than those for speech and eye assessments, respectively. The comprehensive fatigue evaluation index provides important reference values for controller scheduling and mental-state evaluations.
Flight-Validated Electric Powertrain Efficiency Models for Small UASs
Authors: Saemi Farid , Benedict Moble
Published: December 2023

Minimizing electric losses is critical to the success of battery-powered small unmanned aerial systems (SUASs) that weigh less than 25 kgf (55 lb). Losses increase energy and battery weight requirements which hinder the vehicle’s range and endurance. However, engineers do not have appropriate models to estimate the losses of a motor, motor controller, or battery. The aerospace literature often assumes an ideal electrical efficiency or describes modeling approaches that are more suitable for controls engineers. The electrical literature describes detailed design tools that target the motor designer. We developed SUAS powertrain models targeted for vehicle designers and systems engineers. The analytical models predict each component’s losses using high-level specifications readily published in SUAS component datasheets. We validated the models against parametric experimental studies involving novel powertrain flight data from a specially instrumented quadcopter. Given propeller torque and speed, our integrated models predicted a quadcopter’s battery voltage within 5% of experimental data for a 5+ min mission despite motor and controller efficiency errors up to 10%. The models can reduce development costs and timelines for different stakeholders. Users can evaluate notional or existing powertrain configurations over entire missions without testing any physical hardware.
Research of Unsteady Aerodynamic Characteristics of Electrically Controlled Rotor Airfoils with Trailing-Edge Flaps
Authors: Liang Changwu , Li Hong , Su Taoyong , Frank Caleb Alistair , Li Kewei
Published: December 2023

An electrically controlled rotor (ECR), also known as a swashplateless rotor, eliminates the swashplate system to implement the primary control via the trailing-edge flaps (TEFs), which can result in enhancements in rotor performance, as well as substantial reductions in weight, drag, and cost. In this paper, the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil with TEF of a sample ECR under unsteady freestream condition are investigated. The CFD results are obtained with sliding and overset grid techniques that simulate the airfoil pitching and flap deflection. Comparative analysis of the aerodynamic characteristics under steady and unsteady freestream conditions at different advance ratios is conducted. At various advance ratios, the lift and drag coefficients are higher at a small angle of attack under unsteady freestream condition; however, it is the opposite at a large angle of attack. The peak values of the lift and drag coefficients show an increased trend with the increase in the advance ratio. On the contrary, the pitch moment and flap hinge moment coefficients demonstrate minor variation under unsteady freestream condition. Furthermore, the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils become more unsteady with variation in the freestream. Therefore, the lift and drag coefficients of the ECR airfoil with TEF show significant differences between steady and unsteady freestream conditions; however, the pitch moment and the flap hinge moment coefficients show little difference.
MLP-YOLOv5: A Lightweight Multi-Scale Identification Model for Lotus Pods with Scale Variation
Authors: Lu Ange , Liu Jun , Cui Hao , Ma Lingzhi , Ma Qiucheng
Published: December 2023

Lotus pods in unstructured environments often present multi-scale characteristics in the captured images. As a result, it makes their automatic identification difficult and prone to missed and false detections. This study proposed a lightweight multi-scale lotus pod identification model, MLP-YOLOv5, to deal with this difficulty. The model adjusted the multi-scale detection layer and optimized the anchor box parameters to enhance the small object detection accuracy. The C3 module with transformer encoder (C3-TR) and the shuffle attention (SA) mechanism were introduced to improve the feature extraction ability and detection quality of the model. GSConv and VoVGSCSP modules were adopted to build a lightweight neck, thereby reducing model parameters and size. In addition, SIoU was utilized as the loss function of bounding box regression to achieve better accuracy and faster convergence. The experimental results on the multi-scale lotus pod test set showed that MLP-YOLOv5 achieved a mAP of 94.9%, 3% higher than the baseline. In particular, the model’s precision and recall for small-scale objects were improved by 5.5% and 7.4%, respectively. Compared with other mainstream algorithms, MLP-YOLOv5 showed more significant advantages in detection accuracy, parameters, speed, and model size. The test results verified that MLP-YOLOv5 can quickly and accurately identify multi-scale lotus pod objects in complex environments. It could effectively support the harvesting robot by accurately and automatically picking lotus pods.
Physiological Response of Miscanthus sinensis (Anderss.) to Biostimulants
Authors: Jańczak-Pieniążek Marta , Pikuła Wojciech , Pawlak Renata , Drygaś Barbara , Szpunar-Krok Ewa
Published: December 2023

Soil salinity stress is a serious problem in plant cultivation. The effect of this stress is to disrupt the photosynthetic process, which can cause growth restrictions and a decrease in plant productivity. The use of biostimulants can be one of the stress mitigation strategies in plant cultivation. Biostimulants increase the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses, thus mitigating their adverse effects. In the present study, based on a pot experiment, the effect of foliar application of biostimulants differentiated in terms of chemical composition (Bombardino (B1), Quantis® (B2), Biofol Plex (B3) and Megafol (B4)) on the physiological properties of Chinese silver grass (Miscanthus sinensis (Anderss.)) plants growing under salt stress conditions was determined. Salt stress was induced by soil application of NaCl at concentrations of 200 and 400 mM. The application of salt solutions was followed by spraying Miscanthus plants with biostimulants using a hand-held sprayer. Physiological investigations (chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange) have been carried out twice: on the 1st (Term I) and 7th (Term II) day after spraying with biostimulants. It was shown that salt stress causes a decrease in the values of most of the physiological indicators tested (except Ci). On both measurement dates, the application of biostimulants, especially B2, caused an improvement in the values of the physiological indices studied, both for plants growing under optimal conditions and under salt stress. Term II showed an upward trend in most of the analyzed parameters compared to Term I, indicating plant acclimatization to stress conditions. Conducted studies have shown that using biostimulants contributes to the alleviation of the effects of soil salinity stress. The implementation of these practices can contribute to the advancement of sustainable farming.
Monthly and Pregnancy-Related Concentration of Cu and Zn in Serum of Mares in an Equine Breeding Herd
Authors: Maśko Małgorzata , Chałabis-Mazurek Agnieszka , Sikorska Urszula , Ciesielska Anna , Zdrojkowski Łukasz , Domino Małgorzata
Published: December 2023

Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are trace minerals with multiple biological functions, playing roles in fetal development and immune regulation. Despite their known significance, research on Cu and Zn administration and supplementation for pregnant mares is insufficient. This study aims to evaluate Cu and Zn serum concentrations monthly throughout the year and through pregnancy in Polish Konik mares. The study was conducted in 2020 on 36 mares from the Polish state stud farm, with 24 mares in the pregnant group and 12 mares in the non-pregnant group. Monthly blood samples were collected, and serum Cu and Zn concentrations were measured. The total Cu concentration in the serum of all mares was higher (p < 0.0001) in August and September (13.98 ± 3.00 μmol/L) than in May, June, July, and November (11.04 ± 2.74 μmol/L). Similarly, the total Zn concentration was higher (p < 0.0001) in August, September, October, November, and December (19.80 ± 9.72 μmol/L) than in May, June, and July (14.50 ± 6.94 μmol/L). No evidence of a linear relation between Cu and Zn concentrations was demonstrated (slopes difference p < 0.001). No differences in Cu (p > 0.05) or Zn (p > 0.05) concentrations were found between pregnant (Cu: 12.08 ± 3.01 μmol/L; Zn: 18.02 ± 9.03 μmol/L) and non-pregnant (Cu: 11.23 ± 2.51 μmol/L; Zn: 18.59 ± 10.37 μmol/L) mares in any of the examined months of the year. In conclusion, the month of the year, rather than pregnancy, affects serum Cu and Zn concentrations.
A Lightweight Detection Method for Blueberry Fruit Maturity Based on an Improved YOLOv5 Algorithm
Authors: Xiao Feng , Wang Haibin , Xu Yueqin , Shi Zhen
Published: December 2023

In order to achieve accurate, fast, and robust recognition of blueberry fruit maturity stages for edge devices such as orchard inspection robots, this research proposes a lightweight detection method based on an improved YOLOv5 algorithm. In the improved YOLOv5 algorithm, the ShuffleNet module is used to achieve lightweight deep-convolutional neural networks. The Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is also used to enhance the feature fusion capability of lightweight deep-convolutional neural networks. The effectiveness of this method is evaluated using the blueberry fruit dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that this method can effectively detect blueberry fruits and recognize their maturity stages in orchard environments. The average recall (R) of the detection is 92.0%. The mean average precision (mAP) of the detection at a threshold of 0.5 is 91.5%. The average speed of the detection is 67.1 frames per second (fps). Compared to other detection algorithms, such as YOLOv5, SSD, and Faster R-CNN, this method has a smaller model size, smaller network parameters, lower memory usage, lower computation usage, and faster detection speed while maintaining high detection performance. It is more suitable for migration and deployment on edge devices. This research can serve as a reference for the development of fruit detection systems for intelligent orchard devices.
Optimization of Working Parameters for Rotary-Cutting Soil Collection Device: Experiment and Simulation
Authors: Weng Wuxiong , Chen Weixiang , Chen Longbin , He Minglei , Wang Jinfeng , Zheng Shuhe
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to address the problem of the poor quality of rotary cutting and soil collection during the process of mechanical ridge building in paddy fields. In order to improve the soil collection rate and decrease the coefficient of variation of soil collection uniformity, the present work mainly combined the advanced rotary-cutting and tillage technology and the rotary-cutting soil collection device, at domestic and international, to study the motion characteristics and distribution situation of soil particles during rotary-cutting and soil collection operations. The test of rotary-cutting soil collection device was simulated by using the EDEM2018 Version: 4.0.0, the accuracy of numerical model was validated by the data of trial test. The results of the single-factor experiment indicated that the working speed level of the rotary blades was 450 r/min to 550 r/min, the operating speed level of the rotary blades was 0.6 km/h to 1.0 km/h, and the tilling depth level of the rotary blades was 180 mm to 200 mm. Moreover, the operating parameter of the rotary-cutting soil collection device were obtained by a multi-factor test, and it was proved that the rotary-cutting soil collection device performed better and the soil collection quality was higher, with a soil collection rate and a coefficient of variation of soil collection uniformity of 87.22% and 6.73%. This study could provide technical support for the research of rotary tillage devices and improve the level of mechanized ridge building in paddy fields.
Small Doses of Lime with Common Fertilizer Practices Improve Soil Characteristics and Foster the Sustainability of Maize Production
Authors: Dugalić Marijana , Životić Ljubomir , Gajić Boško , Latković Dragana
Published: December 2023

Lime application combined with complementary sustainable management practices increases crop yields, but liming is only modestly applied in Serbia. This study investigated the influence of liming (1000 kg/ha) combined with the common application of mineral fertilizers on maize yield and the chemical properties of pseudogley soil. The experiment was conducted near Kraljevo, Western Serbia, on the maize hybrid ZP 606 sown in a two-year monoculture. The experiment had three treatments: fertilizer, fertilizer + lime, and a control treatment. The soil is acid, poor in humus, and contains an increased content of mobile aluminum. There was a significant increase in yield under the fertilizer and lime + fertilizer treatments, compared to the control. The yield of maize in the limed treatment was 4.4–9% higher than in the fertilizer treatment. The positive effects of liming on soil are related to an increase in pH, base saturation, and available phosphorus, and a decrease in available aluminum. In the fertilizer treatment, there was a small decrease in pH and base saturation, whereas the amount of aluminum remained high, indicating that the further application of fertilizers without lime can increase aluminum content and foster its toxicity. The long-term sustainability of maize production in Serbia should include liming as a regular management practice on pseudogley soil, with the utilization of smaller doses of lime because of the potential CO2 effects. To improve soil health, food, and environmental security, and to incorporate new crops, developing a framework promoting liming as a sustainable management practice is of high importance.
Advances in Sprinkler Irrigation: A Review in the Context of Precision Irrigation for Crop Production
Authors: Chauhdary Junaid Nawaz , Li Hong , Jiang Yue , Pan Xuwei , Hussain Zawar , Javaid Maria , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: December 2023

The non-judicious use of water at the farm level in traditional irrigation application methods is a present-day concern across the world that can be resolved by enhancing application efficiency through the adoption of advanced irrigation techniques. Sprinkler irrigation is a method that has high application efficiency, which can be further increased when coupled with automation toward precision irrigation. The objectives of this review are to summarize the main aspects of sprinkler and precision irrigation and their development, scope, and future prospects specifically in Asian countries. In this paper, a modified methodology, inspired by PRISMA guidelines, was used to explore the available literature to summarize the existing knowledge in the field. Regarding the technological aspects of the analyzed works, it became evident that sprinkler systems are an efficient method to not only irrigate crops (with 39% water saving) but also for the application of fertilizers with higher efficiency (>35%) and water productivity (>14.1%) compared with gravity irrigation systems. Moreover, this paper highlights the prominent features of precision irrigation for maximizing agricultural productivity. The use of sprinkler irrigation with precision applications using automation with a sensor-based mechanism for field data collection, data transformation, data analysis, and operation of IoT-based automatic solenoid valves can save 20–30% more irrigation water and increase crop yield by 20–27%. An analytical understanding and knowledge of the field were used to draw conclusions that are thought-provoking for scientists, researchers, and other stakeholders.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of FAR1/FHY3 Gene Family in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Li Xuelian , Li Yihua , Qiao Yali , Lu Siting , Yao Kangding , Wang Chunlei , Liao Weibiao
Published: December 2023

The FAR1-RELATED SEQUENCE1 (FAR1) and FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3) gene family plays a crucial role in various physiological and developmental processes, including seed germination, photomorphogenesis, flowering and stress responses. However, genome analysis of FAR1/FHY3 in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) has not been systemically investigated. In this study, 20 FAR1/FHY3 genes in cucumber were identified. The 20 FAR1/FHY3 members are randomly distributed on six chromosomes. The examination of subcellular localization indicated that the nucleus is the primary site where the 20 FAR1/FHY3 members are predominantly found. The analysis of the phylogenetic tree further revealed that the FAR1/FHY3 genes in cucumber are grouped into three distinct categories, exhibiting remarkable resemblance to the corresponding genes in other plant species. The analysis of cis-acting elements showed that most FAR1/FHY3 genes contain a variety of hormones as well as stress-related and light response elements. Through scrutinizing the expression patterns in various tissues, it was discerned that these genes are prominently expressed in roots, stems and leaves, with roots exhibiting the highest level of expression. Additionally, the 20 cucumber FAR1/FHY3 genes are all responsive to jasmonic acid methyl ester (Me-JA) and abscisic acid (ABA). CsFAR6 and CsFAR12 are significantly induced by Me-JA and ABA, respectively. CsFAR13 positively responds to NaCl and PEG6000 stresses. CsFAR11, CsFAR15 and CsFAR13 are significantly induced by the dark. The findings presented in this study establish compelling support for the potential involvement of FAR1/FHY3 genes in the growth, development and stress response of cucumbers. Moreover, these results serve as a solid basis for future investigations into the functional analysis of FAR1/FHY3.