bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESULTS ON LOCAL COHOMOLOGY OF WEAKLY LASKERIAN MODULES
Authors: ZAMANI NASER
Published: March 2011

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring, 𝔞 be an ideal of R and M be an arbitrary R-module. In this paper, among other things, we show that if, for a non-negative integer t, the R-module [Formula: see text] is weakly Laskerian and [Formula: see text] is 𝔞-weakly cofinite for all i < t, then, for any weakly Laskerian submodule U of [Formula: see text], the R-module [Formula: see text] is weakly Laskerian. As a consequence the set of associated primes of [Formula: see text] is finite.
QUASIRECOGNITION BY PRIME GRAPH OF THE SIMPLE GROUPS G2(q) AND 2B2(q)
Authors: ZHANG QINGLIANG , SHI WUJIE , SHEN RULIN
Published: March 2011

Let G be a finite group. The main result of this paper is as follows: if G is a finite group such that Γ(G) = Γ(M), where M is G2(q) (q = 32n+1) or 2B2(q) (q = 22n+1 > 2), then G is quasirecognizable by prime graph. Hence we generalize some known results of G2(q) and 2B2(q).
ON QUOTIENTS OF AFFINE SUPERSCHEMES OVER FINITE SUPERGROUPS
Authors: ZUBKOV A. N.
Published: March 2011

We consider an affine superscheme X over a field K, of characteristic that is different from 2, together with an action of a finite supergroup G on it. We prove that if G acts freely on X, then the sheaf quotient [Formula: see text] (with respect to fppf topology) is again an affine superscheme Y, where K[Y] ≃ K[X]G. Besides, K[X] is a finitely presented progenerator as a K[X]G-module.
A NOTE ON ℵ0-INJECTIVE RINGS
Authors: SHEN LIANG
Published: March 2011

A ring R is called right ℵ0-injective if every homomorphism from a countably generated right ideal of R to RR can be extended to a homomorphism from RR to RR. In this note, some characterizations of ℵ0-injective rings are given. It is proved that if R is semilocal, then R is right ℵ0-injective if and only if every homomorphism from a countably generated small right ideal of R to RR can be extended to one from RR to RR. It is also shown that if R is right noetherian and left ℵ0-injective, then R is quasi-Frobenius. This result can be considered as an approach to the Faith–Menal conjecture.
ATTACHED PRIMES UNDER SKEW POLYNOMIAL EXTENSIONS
Authors: ANNIN SCOTT
Published: March 2011

In the author's work [S. A. Annin, Attached primes over noncommutative rings, J. Pure Appl. Algebra212 (2008) 510–521], a theory of attached prime ideals in noncommutative rings was developed as a natural generalization of the classical notions of attached primes and secondary representations that were first introduced in 1973 as a dual theory to the associated primes and primary decomposition in commutative algebra (see [I. G. Macdonald, Secondary representation of modules over a commutative ring, Sympos. Math.11 (1973) 23–43]). Associated primes over noncommutative rings have been thoroughly studied and developed for a variety of applications, including skew polynomial rings: see [S. A. Annin, Associated primes over skew polynomial rings, Commun. Algebra30(5) (2002) 2511–2528; and S. A. Annin, Associated primes over Ore extension rings, J. Algebra Appl.3(2) (2004) 193–205]. Motivated by this background, the present article addresses the behavior of the attached prime ideals of inverse polynomial modules over skew polynomial rings. The goal is to determine the attached primes of an inverse polynomial module M[x-1] over a skew polynomial ring R[x;σ] in terms of the attached primes of the base module MR. This study was completed in the commutative setting for the class of representable modules in [L. Melkersson, Content and inverse polynomials on artinian modules, Commun. Algebra26(4) (1998) 1141–1145], and the generalization to noncommutative rings turns out to be quite non-trivial in that one must either work with a Bass module MR or a right perfect ring R in order to achieve the desired statement even when no twist is present in the polynomial ring "Let MR be a module over any ring R. If M[x-1]R is a completely σ-compatible Bass module, then Att (M[x-1]S) = {𝔭[x] : 𝔭 ∈ Att (MR)}." The sharpness of the results are illustrated through the use of several illuminating examples.
CHAIN CONDITIONS ON NON-SUMMANDS
Authors: AYDOĞDU PINAR , ÖZCAN A. ÇIĞDEM , SMITH PATRICK F.
Published: March 2011

Let R be a ring. Modules satisfying ascending or descending chain conditions (respectively, acc and dcc) on non-summand submodules belongs to some particular classes [Formula: see text], such as the class of all R-modules, finitely generated, finite-dimensional and cyclic modules, are considered. It is proved that a module M satisfies acc (respectively, dcc) on non-summands if and only if M is semisimple or Noetherian (respectively, Artinian). Over a right Noetherian ring R, a right R-module M satisfies acc on finitely generated non-summands if and only if M satisfies acc on non-summands; a right R-module M satisfies dcc on finitely generated non-summands if and only if M is locally Artinian. Moreover, if a ring R satisfies dcc on cyclic non-summand right ideals, then R is a semiregular ring such that the Jacobson radical J is left t-nilpotent.
ON INTEGRAL DOMAINS WITH CYCLIC GROUP ACTIONS
Authors: SATO JUNRO , ODA SUSUMU , YOSHIDA KEN-ICHI
Published: March 2011

Let A be a commutative integral domain with quotient field L, and let R be a subdomain of A with quotient field K. Assuming that L is a Galois extension of K, Nagata required the condition for R to be normal when A is called a Galois extension of R (see p. 31, M. Nagata, Local Rings (Wiley, New York, 1962)). However in this paper, A is considered in the case that R is not necessarily assumed to be normal. We introduce the notion of cyclic Galois extensions of integral domains and investigate several properties of such ring extensions. In particular, we completely determine the seminormalization [Formula: see text] of A in an overdomain B such that both A ⊆B are cyclic Galois extensions of R.
UNITS OF THE GROUP ALGEBRA 𝔽2κ(C2× D8)
Authors: GILDEA JOE
Published: March 2011

The structure of the unit group of the group algebra of the group C2× D8over any field of characteristic 2 is established in terms of split extensions of cyclic groups.
A CHARACTERIZATION OF CERTAIN MORPHIC TRIVIAL EXTENSIONS
Authors: DIESL ALEXANDER J. , DORSEY THOMAS J. , MCGOVERN WARREN WM.
Published: March 2011

Given a ring R, we study the bimodules M for which the trivial extension R ∝ M is morphic. We obtain a complete characterization in the case where R is left perfect, and we prove that R ∝ Q/R is morphic when R is a commutative reduced ring with classical ring of quotients Q. We also extend some known results concerning the connection between morphic rings and unit regular rings.
TWO-SIDED IDEALS IN LEAVITT PATH ALGEBRAS
Authors: COLAK PINAR
Published: March 2011

We explicitly describe two-sided ideals in Leavitt path algebras associated with a row-finite graph. Our main result is that any two-sided ideal I of a Leavitt path algebra associated with a row-finite graph is generated by elements of the form [Formula: see text], where g is a cycle based at vertex v. We use this result to show that a Leavitt path algebra is two-sided Noetherian if and only if the ascending chain condition holds for hereditary and saturated closures of the subsets of the vertices of the row-finite graph E.
NILPOTENT AND LOCALLY FINITE MAXIMAL SUBGROUPS OF SKEW LINEAR GROUPS
Authors: RAMEZAN-NASSAB M. , KIANI D.
Published: March 2011

Let D be a division ring and N be a subnormal subgroup of D*. In this paper we prove that if M is a nilpotent maximal subgroup of N, then M′ is abelian. If, furthermore every element of M is algebraic over Z(D) and M′ ⊈ F* or M/Z(M) or M′ is finitely generated, then M is abelian. The second main result of this paper concerns the subgroups of matrix groups; assume D is a noncommutative division ring, n is a natural number, N is a subnormal subgroup of GLn(D), and M is a maximal subgroup of N. We show that if M is locally finite over Z(D)*, then M is either absolutely irreducible or abelian.
THERMODYNAMIC AND SECOND-ORDER NON-LINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF TAUTOMERIC FORMS OF (E)-4-METHOXY-2-[(4-NITROPHENYL)IMINOMETHYL]PHENOL: A DENSITY FUNCTIONAL STUDY
Authors: KOSAR BASAK
Published: March 2011

This work presents a computational study on the tautomeric forms of (E)-4-Methoxy-2-[(4-nitrophenyl)iminomethyl]phenol, an ortho-hydroxy Schiff base compound. The electronic structure of title compound has been characterized at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of density functional theory. The first hyperpolarizability values have been obtained from the molecular polarizabilities for both tautomers. The second-order non-linear optical properties have been investigated based on their relationships with the natural bond orbitals and frontier molecular orbitals. The changes of thermodynamic properties with temperature going from 100 K to 300 K have been investigated for the reactants and the reaction products tautomers. Tautomeric equilibrium constant derived from the difference between the Gibbs free energies of tautomers has been obtained at different temperatures. The relationship between formation enthalpy and entropy changes has been investigated with the enthalpy-entropy compensation.
COMPARATIVE QUANTUM STUDY ON TERT-BUTYL RADICAL AND CATION
Authors: IGNACZAK ANNA
Published: March 2011

Detailed comparative analysis of properties of the tert-butyl radical and cation is performed using 14 density functional (DFT) methods combined with double-zeta and triple-zeta quality Gaussian basis sets with polarization and diffuse functions. Stability of different conformers is discussed. Structural parameters, dipole moment, adiabatic ionization potential (IP), inversion barrier and isotropic hyperfine coupling constants are examined and compared to values obtained at the standard MP2 level and to experimental data available. All methods indicate that that the CC bond in the radical is longer than in the cation by about 0.033 Å. The IP values are found to be very sensitive to the method used and range from 612 to 709 kJ/mol, but majority oscillate around 646÷656 kJ/mol. Calculated inversion barrier for the radical is higher than the experimental estimate of 2.68 kJ/mol; with the 6-311++G** basis set and most DFT methods it is predicted in the range 3.86÷4.82 kJ/mol. All DFT methods predict for the out-of-plane CC3 bending mode of the radical the frequency around 260 cm-1, while in the cation the corresponding frequency is higher by about 180 cm-1.
EFFECT OF LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE ON ADIABATIC PASSAGE IN A SUPERCONDUCTING NANOCIRCUIT
Authors: LA COGNATA A. , CALDARA P. , VALENTI D. , SPAGNOLO B. , D'ARRIGO A. , PALADINO E. , FALCI G.
Published: March 2011

Recent experiments have demonstrated coherent phenomena in three-level systems based on superconducting nanocircuits. This opens the possibility to detect Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) in artificial atoms. Low-fequency noise (often 1/f) is one of the main sources of decoherence in these systems, and we study its effect on the transfer efficiency. We propose a way to analyze low frequency fluctuations in terms of fictitious correlated fluctuations of external parameters. We discuss a specific implementation, namely the Quantronium setup of a Cooper-pair box, showing that optimizing the trade-off between efficient coupling and protection against noise may allow us to observe coherent population transfer in this nanodevice.
WIGNER FUNCTION OF PULSED FIELDS RECONSTRUCTED BY DIRECT DETECTION
Authors: ALLEVI ALESSIA , BONDANI MARIA , ANDREONI ALESSANDRA
Published: March 2011

We present the experimental reconstruction of the Wigner function of some optical states. The method is based on direct intensity measurements by non-ideal photodetectors operated in the linear regime. The signal state is mixed at a beam-splitter with a set of coherent probes of known complex amplitudes and the probability distribution of the detected photons is measured. The Wigner function is given by a suitable sum of these probability distributions measured for different values of the probe. For comparison, the same data are analyzed to obtain the number distributions and the Wigner functions for photons.
Ti/AuTES AS SUPERCONDUCTING DETECTOR FOR QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: LOLLI L. , BRIDA G. , DEGIOVANNI I. P. , GRAMEGNA M. , MONTICONE E. , PIACENTINI F. , PORTESI C. , RAJTERI M. , BERCHERA I. RUO , TARALLI E. , TRAINA P.
Published: March 2011

Single photon detectors are fundamental tools for quantum metrology, e.g. to calibrate both detectors and sources, as for quantum information. One of the most promising detectors able to resolve single photons is the transition-edge sensor (TES). We report our last results obtained with Ti/Au TES deposited on SiN substrate. Photon counting measurements, obtained by using pulsed sources, in the NIR-visible wavelength range, show the ability to resolve up to fourteen photons with an energy resolution of 0.44 eV at 690 nm (1.80 eV) and 0.38 eV at 1310 nm (0.95 eV), with a good linearity. A preliminary measurement obtained by using a parametric down conversion (PDC) heralded single photon source, at 812 nm (1.53 eV), is also reported.
ENGINEERING LONG RANGE DISTANCE INDEPENDENT ENTANGLEMENT VIA LOCAL MANIPULATION OF A KONDO SPIN CHAIN
Authors: BAYAT ABOLFAZL , SODANO PASQUALE , BOSE SOUGATO
Published: March 2011

We exploit the unique features of the entanglement in the gapless Kondo regime to show that a single local quench at one end of a Kondo spin chain may always induce fast and long lived oscillatory dynamics, which establishes a high quality entanglement between the individual spins at the opposite ends of the chain. This entanglement is a footprint of the presence of the Kondo cloud and may be engineered so as to attain — even for very large chains- a constant high value independent of the length; in addition, it is thermally robust. To better evidence the remarkable peculiarities of the Kondo regime, we carry a parallel analysis of the entanglement properties of the Kondo spin chain model in the gapped dimerised regime where these remarkable features are absent.
QUANTUM OPERATIONS: A FANO-REPRESENTATION APPROACH
Authors: BENENTI GIULIANO , STRINI GIULIANO
Published: March 2011

The Fano representation is a particularly simple and physically appealing description of quantum operations, in that it directly provides the evolution of the expectation value of polarization measurements. The usefulness of this approach is illustrated in quantum process tomography and in computing the distance between two quantum channels.
ENTANGLEMENT CREATION IN SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOT CHARGE QUBIT
Authors: BUSCEMI FABRIZIO , BORDONE PAOLO , BERTONI ANDREA
Published: March 2011

We study theoretically the appearance of quantum correlations in two- and three-electron scattering in single and double dots. The key role played by transport resonances into entanglement formation between the single-particle states is shown. Both reflected and transmitted components of the scattered particle wavefunction are used to evaluate the quantum correlations between the incident carrier and the bound particle(s) in the dots. Our investigation provides a guideline for the analysis of decoherence effects due to the Coulomb scattering in semiconductor quantum dots structures.
DYNAMICS OF A QUANTUM PARTICLE IN ASYMMETRIC BISTABLE POTENTIAL WITH ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE
Authors: CALDARA P. , LA COGNATA A. , VALENTI D. , SPAGNOLO B. , BERRITTA M. , PALADINO E. , FALCI G.
Published: March 2011

In this work we analyze the dynamics of a quantum particle subject to an asymmetric bistable potential and interacting with a thermal reservoir. We obtain the time evolution of the population distributions in both energy and position eigenstates of the particle, for different values of the coupling strength with the thermal bath. The calculation is carried out using the Feynman-Vernon functional under the discrete variable representation.
LOCAL APPROACH TO THE NON-MARKOVIAN EVOLUTION OF QUANTUM SYSTEMS
Authors: CHRUŚCIŃSKI DARIUSZ , KOSSAKOWSKI ANDRZEJ
Published: March 2011

We analyze a local approach to the non-Markovian evolution of open quantum systems. It turns out that any dynamical map representing evolution of such a system may be described either by non-local master equation with memory kernel or equivalently by equation which is local in time. The price one pays for the local approach is that the corresponding generator might be highly singular and it keeps the memory about the starting point "t0". This is the very essence of non-Markovianity. We illustrate a local approach by simple examples.
QUANTUM CONTROL IN STRONGLY DRIVEN OPTICAL LATTICES
Authors: CIAMPINI DONATELLA , MORSCH OLIVER , ARIMONDO ENNIO
Published: March 2011

Matter waves can be coherently and adiabatically loaded and controlled in strongly driven optical lattices. This coherent control is used in order to modify the modulus and the sign of the tunneling matrix element in the tunneling Hamiltonian. Our findings pave the way for studies of driven quantum systems and new methods for engineering Hamiltonians that are impossible to realize with static techniques.
MEASUREMENT IN CONTROL AND DISCRIMINATION OF ENTANGLED PAIRS UNDER SELF-DISTORTION
Authors: DELGADO FRANCISCO
Published: March 2011

Quantum correlations and entanglement are fundamental resources for quantum information and quantum communication processes. Developments in these fields normally assume stable resources, not susceptible of distortion. That is not always the case, Heisenberg interactions between qubits can produce distortion on entangled pairs generated for engineering purposes (e. g. quantum computation or quantum cryptography). The presence of parasite magnetic fields modifies the expected properties and behavior for which the pair was intended. Quantum measurement and control help to discriminate the original state in order to correct it or reconstruct it using some procedures which do not alter their quantum nature. Different kinds of quantum entangled pairs driven by a Heisenberg Hamiltonian with an additional inhomogeneous magnetic field become distorted. They can be reconstructed by adding an external magnetic field with fidelity close to one. In addition, each state can be efficiently discriminated. Combining both processes, first reconstruction without discrimination and after discrimination with adequate non-local measurements, it is possible to (a) improve the discrimination, and (b) reprepare faithfully the original state. The complete process gives fidelities better than 0.9. Some results about a class of equivalence for the required measurements are found, allowing to select the experimentally most adequate.
INFORMATION TRANSFER IN INDIVIDUAL QUANTUM MEASUREMENTS
Authors: MAYBUROV S.
Published: March 2011

The information transfer in quantum measurements between the measured object Ω and measuring system [Formula: see text] is studied. It was found that due to the quantum-mechanical (QM) constraints, the information about the purity of Ω state is not transferred to [Formula: see text] during the measurement of arbitrary Ω observable V. As a result, [Formula: see text] can not discriminate the pure and mixed Ω ensembles with the same [Formula: see text]. It is shown that such information constraints induce the appearance of stochasticity in the measurement of Ω pure ensemble, so that [Formula: see text] would detect the random a "pointer" coordinates qi; their distribution obeys Born rule. The influence of [Formula: see text] decoherence by its environment is studied, it is shown that the account of its effects does not change this result principally.
COMPARATIVE TEST OF TWO METHODS OF QUANTUM EFFICIENCY ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENT BASED ON SQUEEZED VACUUM DIRECT DETECTION
Authors: AGAFONOV I. N. , CHEKHOVA M. V. , PENIN A. N. , RYTIKOV G. O. , SHUMILKINA O. A. , ISKHAKOV T. SH.
Published: March 2011

We realize and test in experiment a method recently proposed for measuring absolute quantum efficiency of analog photodetectors. Similar to the traditional (Klyshko) method of absolute calibration, the new one is based on the direct detection of two-mode squeezed vacuum at the output of a traveling wave OPA. However, in the new method, one measures the difference-photocurrent variance rather than the correlation function of photocurrents (number of coincidences), which makes the technique applicable for high-gain OPA. In this work we test the new method versus the traditional one for the case of photon-counting detectors where both techniques are valid.
GENERATION OF THE NON-CLASSICAL STATES OF THE QUANTIZED CAVITY FIELD IN THE INTERACTION WITH TRAPPED EQUIDISTANT THREE-LEVEL ION
Authors: KOROLI V.
Published: March 2011

The interaction between the laser cooled and trapped equidistant three-level atom (ion) and the quantized cavity field is investigated. The dipole moment matrix transition elements between the adjacent atomic energy levels d12 and d23 are assumed to be different. This model generalizes the problem of the pair of indistinguishable two-level atoms interacting with the squeezed vacuum which is equivalent to the equidistant three-level atom with equal dipole moment matrix transition elements. The exact analytical solution for the atom-field state-vector is found in the case in which at the initial moment t = 0, the single-mode cavity field is supposed to be in the squeezed vacuum state. With the help of this solution, the quantum-statistical and squeezing properties of the radiation field are studied. The obtained results are compared with those for the single two-level atom model. It should be noted that in the proposed model, the exact periodicity of the squeezing revivals is violated by the analogy with the single two-level atom one.

The two limiting cases are analyzed. In the first limiting case in which d12 → d23 the quantum-statistical properties of the single-mode cavity field resemble those for the pair of indistinguishable two-level atoms. In the second one d12 → 0 the quantum-statistical and squeezing features of the proposed model are similar with those for the single two-level atom model.
QUEST FOR THE TIME OPERATOR WITH A SINGLE TRAPPED ION
Authors: CHAMPENOIS CAROLINE , DURT THOMAS
Published: March 2011

The status of Time in the Quantum Theory remains even today a largely open question. In particular, the existence of a Quantum Time Operator that would describe the distribution of decay times of an unstable quantum system (in analogy with the Position operator that is associated to the position distribution) remained a polemichal question during several decades. Recently, we conceived experimental proposals involving CP violating processes (of single mesons and entangled pairs of mesons) that can be considered as crucial experiments aimed at testing the existence of a Quantum Time Operator. In the present paper, we shall present a similar proposal that can be realized with a single trapped ion. These proposals aim at bringing fundamental problems related to the status of Time in the Quantum Theory to the realm of experimental physics.
MODELING NON-LINEAR COHERENT STATES IN FIBER ARRAYS
Authors: LEÓN-MONTIEL R. DE J. , MOYA-CESSA H.
Published: March 2011

A class of nonlinear coherent states related to the Susskind-Glogower (phase) operators is obtained. We call these nonlinear coherent states as Bessel states because the coefficients that expand them into number states are Bessel functions. We give a closed form for the displacement operator that produces such states.
TOWARD THIRD ORDER GHOST IMAGING WITH THERMAL LIGHT
Authors: BRIDA G. , DEGIOVANNI I. P. , FORNARO G. A. , GENOVESE M. , MEDA A.
Published: March 2011

Recently it has been suggested that an enhancement in the visibility of ghost images obtained with thermal light can be achieved exploiting higher order correlations.1 This paper reports on the status of a higher order ghost imaging experiment carried on at INRIM labs exploiting a pseudo-thermal source and a CCD camera.
PROBABILISTIC BIDIRECTIONAL QUANTUM SECURE COMMUNICATION BASED ON A SHARED PARTIALLY ENTANGLED STATES
Authors: SHEIKHEHI FAIEGH , NASERI MOSAYEB
Published: March 2011

A new probabilistic bidirectional quantum secure communication protocol based on a shared partially entangled states is proposed. In this scheme the decoy-photon technique is exploited to ensure the security of the transmission of qubits. The highlight of our protocol is that in addition to elimination of the drawback "information leakage", In our protocol it is not necessary to the parties of communication to have an ideal maximally entangled pairs, which makes this scheme more convenient than previews protocols in a practical application.
MAKING NONLOCAL REALITY COMPATIBLE WITH RELATIVITY
Authors: NIKOLIĆ HRVOJE
Published: March 2011

It is often argued that hypothetic nonlocal reality responsible for nonlocal quantum correlations between entangled particles cannot be consistent with relativity. I review the most frequent arguments of that sort, explain how they can all be circumvented, and present an explicit Bohmian model of nonlocal reality (compatible with quantum phenomena) that fully obeys the principle of relativistic covariance and does not involve a preferred Lorentz frame.
EFFICIENT QUANTUM CIRCUITS FOR PERFECT AND CONTROLLED TELEPORTATION OF n-QUBIT NON-MAXIMALLY ENTANGLED STATES OF GENERALIZED BELL-TYPE
Authors: PATHAK ANIRBAN , BANERJEE ANINDITA
Published: March 2011

An efficient and economical scheme is proposed for the perfect quantum teleportation of n-qubit non-maximally entangled state of generalized Bell-type. A Bell state is used as the quantum channel in the proposed scheme. It is also shown that the controlled teleportation of this n-qubit state can be achieved by using a GHZ state or a GHZ-like state as quantum channel. The proposed schemes are economical because for the perfect and controlled teleportation of n-qubit non-maximally entangled state of generalized Bell-type, we only need a Bell state and a tripartite entangled state respectively. It is also established that there exists a family of 12 orthogonal tripartite GHZ-like states which can be used as quantum channel for controlled teleportation. The proposed protocols are critically compared with the existing protocols.
Megafans and outsize fans from catastrophic slope failures in Alpine glacial troughs: the Malser Haide and the Val Venosta cluster, Italy
Authors: Jarman David , Agliardi Federico , Crosta Giovanni B.
Published: March 2011

A cluster of exceptionally large sediment fans occurs in Val Venosta, a glacial trough in the east-central Alps, Italy. Its 59 tributary valleys generate 49 fans with volume:catchment area ratios varying across four orders of magnitude. Geomorphological and statistical analysis distinguish ‘allometric’ and ‘anomalous’ fans. Catastrophic massive slope failure origins are suggested for the anomalous cases. They comprise ‘outsize fans’ and ‘megafans’, the latter attaining 400 m cone height and 2700 m radius, and dominating the trough. Above most fans, evidence is found for source cavities of comparable volume. Reconstruction of the missing sides and heads of two tributary valleys reveals lost mountains 700 m deep. They are credible sources for the Malser Haide, a globally significant 11 km-long megafan with an estimated volume of 1650 Mm
3
, and the St Valentin outsize fans. Generally, anomalous fans occur where landslides are funnelled, comminuted and controlled through ‘debouchures’ high enough above the trough floor for conoidal deposition. Although sedimentological data are sparse, these fans may represent a new category of catastrophic slope failure outcome, mimicking conventional sediment fans of incremental origin. The Val Venosta cluster is the largest in the Alps, with concentrated glacial erosion in conducive geology among the possible factors explaining anomalous fan incidence.
Rock slope instabilities in Sogn and Fjordane County, Norway: a detailed structural and geomorphological analysis
Authors: Böhme Martina , Saintot Aline , Henderson Iain H. C. , Henriksen Helge , Hermanns Reginald L.
Published: March 2011

More than 250 rock slope failures have occurred in Sogn and Fjordane County in historical times. So far, 28 sites are known where open cracks indicate that rock slope failures may occur in the future. Detailed structural and geomorphological analyses of these sites have been conducted, and form the basis for an evaluation and comparison of the unstable rock slopes. Four of these sites are described in detail herein. The main characteristics for rock slope instabilities in Sogn and Fjordane are: (1) a preferred location within relatively weak rock units, such as phyllites and weathered mafic gneisses; and (2) the development of most instabilities at convex slope breaks, which are evident as knick-points in the slope profile.

Sogn and Fjordane is compared with other Norwegian regions, particularly Møre and Romsdal County, with respect to the spatial distribution of past and current rock slope instabilities. Sogn and Fjordane shows the greatest number of historical slope failures, whereas in Møre and Romsdal a larger amount of potential instabilities is observed. We propose that the larger amount of unstable rock slopes in Møre and Romsdal may be controlled by a locally high gradient of ongoing post-glacial uplift and a higher rate of neotectonic activity.
Complex landslide behaviour and structural control: a three-dimensional conceptual model of Åknes rockslide, Norway
Authors: Jaboyedoff Michel , Oppikofer Thierry , Derron Marc-Henri , Blikra Lars Harald , Böhme Martina , Saintot Aline
Published: March 2011

Åknes is an active complex large rockslide of approximately 30–40 Mm
3
located within the Proterozoic gneisses of western Norway. The observed surface displacements indicate that this rockslide is divided into several blocks moving in different directions at velocities of between 3 and 10 cm year
−1
. Because of regional safety issues and economic interests this rockslide has been extensively monitored since 2004.

The understanding of the deformation mechanism is crucial for the implementation of a viable monitoring system. Detailed field investigations and the analysis of a digital elevation model (DEM) indicate that the movements and the block geometry are controlled by the main schistosity (S
1
) in gneisses, folds, joints and regional faults. Such complex slope deformations use pre-existing structures, but also result in new failure surfaces and deformation zones, like preferential rupture in fold-hinge zones.

Our interpretation provides a consistent conceptual three-dimensional (3D) model for the movements measured by various methods that is crucial for numerical stability modelling. In addition, this reinterpretation of the morphology confirms that in the past several rockslides occurred from the Åknes slope. They may be related to scars propagating along the vertical foliation in folds hinges. Finally, a model of the evolution of the Åknes slope is presented.
Regulation of whole body energy homeostasis with growth hormone replacement therapy and endurance exercise
Authors: Oosterhof Robert , Ith Michael , Trepp Roman , Christ Emanuel , Flück Martin
Published: March 2011

We hypothesized that network analysis is useful to expose coordination between whole body and myocellular levels of energy metabolism and can identify entities that underlie skeletal muscle's contribution to growth hormone-stimulated lipid handling and metabolic fitness. We assessed 112 metabolic parameters characterizing metabolic rate and substrate handling in tibialis anterior muscle and vascular compartment at rest, after a meal and exercise with growth hormone replacement therapy (GH-RT) of hypopituitary patients ( n = 11). The topology of linear relationships (| r | ≥ 0.7, P ≤ 0.01) and mutual dependencies exposed the organization of metabolic relationships in three entities reflecting basal and exercise-induced metabolic rate, triglyceride handling, and substrate utilization in the pre- and postprandial state, respectively. GH-RT improved aerobic performance (+5%), lean-to-fat mass (+19%), and muscle area of tibialis anterior (+2%) but did not alter its mitochondrial and capillary content. Concomitantly, connectivity was established between myocellular parameters of mitochondrial lipid metabolism and meal-induced triglyceride handling in serum. This was mediated via the recruitment of transcripts of muscle lipid mobilization (LIPE, FABP3, and FABP4) and fatty acid-sensitive transcription factors (PPARA, PPARG) to the metabolic network. The interdependence of gene regulatory elements of muscle lipid metabolism reflected the norm in healthy subjects ( n = 12) and distinguished the regulation of the mitochondrial respiration factor COX1 by GH and endurance exercise. Our observations validate the use of network analysis for systems medicine and highlight the notion that an improved stochiometry between muscle and whole body lipid metabolism, rather than alterations of single bottlenecks, contributes to GH-driven elevations in metabolic fitness.
MicroRNAs 29 are involved in the improvement of ventricular compliance promoted by aerobic exercise training in rats
Authors: Soci U. P. R. , Fernandes T. , Hashimoto N. Y. , Mota G. F. , Amadeu M. A. , Rosa K. T. , Irigoyen M. C. , Phillips M. I. , Oliveira E. M.
Published: March 2011

MiRNAs regulate cardiac development, hypertrophy, and angiogenesis, but their role in cardiac hypertrophy (CH) induced by aerobic training has not previously been studied. Aerobic training promotes physiological CH preserving cardiac function. This study assessed involvement of miRNAs-29 in CH of trained rats. Female Wistar rats ( n = 7/group) were randomized into three groups: sedentary (S), training 1 (T1), training 2 (T2). T1: swimming sessions of 60 min/5 days/wk/10 wk. T2: similar to T1 until 8th wk. On the 9th wk rats swam 2×/day, and on the 10th wk 3×/day. MiRNAs analysis was performed by miRNA microarray and confirmed by real-time PCR. We assessed: markers of training, CH by ratio of left ventricle (LV) weight/body wt and cardiomyocytes diameter, pathological markers of CH (ANF, skeletal α-actin, α/β-MHC), collagen I and III (COLIAI and COLIIIAI) by real-time PCR, protein collagen by hydroxyproline (OH-proline) concentration, CF and CH by echocardiography. Training improved aerobic capacity and induced CH. MiRNAs-1, 133a, and 133b were downregulated as observed in pathological CH, however, without pathological markers. MiRNA-29c expression increased in T1 (52%) and T2 (123%), correlated with a decrease in COLIAI and COLIIIAI expression in T1 (27%, 38%) and T2 (33%, 48%), respectively. MiRNA-29c was inversely correlated to OH-proline concentration (r = 0.61, P < 0.05). The E/A ratio increased in T2, indicating improved LV compliance. Thus, these results show that aerobic training increase miR-29 expression and decreased collagen gene expression and concentration in the heart, which is relevant to the improved LV compliance and beneficial cardiac effects, associated with aerobic high performance training.
Do Simulation-Based Skill Exercises and Post-Encounter Notes Add Additional Value to a Standardized Patient-Based Clinical Skills Examination?
Authors: Prislin Michael D. , Ahearn Sue , Boker John
Published: March 2011

Background. Standardized patient (SP) clinical assessments have limited utility in assessing higher-level clinical competencies. This study explores the value of including simulation exercises and postencounter notes in an SP clinical skills examination.Methods. Two exercises involving cardiac auscultation and ophthalmic funduscopy simulations along with written post encounter notes were added to an SP-based performance examination. Descriptive analyses of students' performance and correlations with SP-based performance measures were obtained.Results. Students' abilities to detect abnormalities on physical exam were highly variable. There were no correlations between SP-based and simulation-derived measures of physical examination competency. Limited correlations were found between students' abilities to perform and document physical examinations and their formulation of appropriate differential diagnoses.Conclusions. Clinical simulation exercises add depth to SP-based assessments of performance. Evaluating the content of post encounter notes offers some insight into students' integrative abilities, and this appears to be improved by the addition of simulation-based post encounter skill exercises. However, further refinement of this methodology is needed.
Flow-Injection Preconcentration of Chloramphenicol Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for HPLC Determination in Environmental Samples
Authors: Kowalski Damian , Poboży Ewa , Trojanowicz Marek
Published: March 2011

The residue of antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP) is important issue for food quality control and also for the environmental monitoring. It is banned for use in food-producing animals and has very limited use in human medicine, because of its severe impact on human health. Determination of trace level of CAP in environmental samples requires a very sensitive analytical method and efficient preconcentration procedure. CAP can be efficiently preconcentrated in flow-injection system using flow-through reactor packed with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), but determination of CAP in eluate from MIP requires the application of chromatographic separation, which was made in reversed-phase HPLC system with UV detection. In optimized conditions the limit of detection for 100 mL sample in HPLC with offline preconcentration on MIP was evaluated as 0.66 mg/L. In hyphenated FIA-HPLC system with zone sampling the LOD for developed method was evaluated as 15 ng/L, which indicates the possibility of using it for analysis of environmental samples.
Chromosome Mapping of Repetitive Sequences in Rachycentron canadum (Perciformes: Rachycentridae): Implications for Karyotypic Evolution and Perspectives for Biotechnological Uses
Authors: Jacobina Uedson Pereira , Cioffi Marcelo de Bello , Souza Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues , Calado Leonardo Luiz , Tavares Manoel , Manzella João , Bertollo Luiz Antonio Carlos , Molina Wagner Franco
Published: March 2011

The cobia, Rachycentron canadum, a species of marine fish, has been increasingly used in aquaculture worldwide. It is the only member of the family Rachycentridae (Perciformes) showing wide geographic distribution and phylogenetic patterns still not fully understood. In this study, the species was cytogenetically analyzed by different methodologies, including Ag‐NOR and chromomycin A3 (CMA3)/DAPI staining, C‐banding, early replication banding (RGB), and in situ fluorescent hybridization with probes for 18S and 5S ribosomal genes and for telomeric sequences (TTAGGG)n. The results obtained allow a detailed chromosomal characterization of the Atlantic population. The chromosome diversification found in the karyotype of the cobia is apparently related to pericentric inversions, the main mechanism associated to the karyotypic evolution of Perciformes. The differential heterochromatin replication patterns found were in part associated to functional genes. Despite maintaining conservative chromosomal characteristics in relation to the basal pattern established for Perciformes, some chromosome pairs in the analyzed population exhibit markers that may be important for cytotaxonomic, population, and biodiversity studies as well as for monitoring the species in question.
Adaptive Immune Responses in Primary Cutaneous Sarcoidosis
Authors: Bordignon Matteo , Rottoli Paola , Agostini Carlo , Alaibac Mauro
Published: March 2011

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic inflammatory disorder with cutaneous lesions present in about one-quarter of the patients. Cutaneous lesions have been classified as specific and nonspecific, depending on the presence of nonnecrotizing epithelial cell granulomas on histologic studies. The development and progression of specific cutaneous sarcoidosis involves a complex interaction between cells of the adaptive immune systems, notably T-lymphocytes and dendritic cells. In this paper, we will discuss the role of T-cells and skin dendritic cells in the development of primary cutaneous sarcoidosis and comment on the potential antigenic stimuli that may account for the development of the immunological response. We will further explore the contributions of selected cytokines to the immunopathological process. The knowledge of the adaptive immunological mechanisms operative in cutaneous sarcoidosis may subsequently be useful for identifying prevention and treatment strategies of systemic sarcoidosis.
Production of Active Nonglycosylated Recombinant B‐Chain of Type‐2 Ribosome‐Inactivating Protein from Viscum articulatum and Its Biological Effects on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Lu Tzu-Li , Chuang Jing-Yuan , Yang Jai-Sing , Chiu Shau-Ting , Hsiao Nai-Wan , Wu Mei-Chen , Wu Shih-Hsiung , Hsu Ching-Hsiang
Published: March 2011

Type‐2 ribosome‐inactivating proteins, composed of a toxic A‐chain and lectin‐like B‐chain, display various biological functions, including cytotoxicity and immunomodulation. We here cloned the lectin‐like B‐chain encoding fragment of a newly identified type‐2 RIP gene, articulatin gene, from Viscum articulatum, into a bacterial expression vector to obtain nonglycosylated recombinant protein expressed in inclusion bodies. After purification and protein refolding, soluble refolded recombinant articulatin B‐chain (rATB) showed lectin activity specific toward galactoside moiety and was stably maintained while stored in low ionic strength solution. Despite lacking glycosylation, rATB actively bound leukocytes with preferential binding to monocytes and in vitro stimulated PBMCs to release cytokines without obvious cytotoxicity. These results implicated such a B‐chain fragment as a potential immunomodulator.
Metastatic Ureteral Involvement of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kodama Koichi , Imao Tetsuya , Komatsu Kazuto
Published: March 2011

Metastases from a variety of malignant tumors can involve the ureters, but ureteral involvement by lung cancer is extremely rare and usually described at autopsy. We report a rare case of a 76-year-old man who presented with a three-month history of right flank dullness and was noted to have a nonhomogeneous retroperitoneal mass with hydronephrosis of the right kidney on computed tomography of the abdomen. Computed tomography of the thorax showed a nodule in the lower lobe, measuring3×2 cm, in the right lung. After excluding the presence of other primary tumors and metastases, we reached a final diagnosis of solitary retroperitoneal metastasis of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Although rare, in patients of non-small cell lung cancer, presence of hydronephrosis should alert the physician to the possibility of metastasis.
On the Elliptic Problems Involving Multisingular Inverse Square Potentials and Concave‐Convex Nonlinearities
Authors: Hsu Tsing-San
Published: March 2011

A semilinear elliptic problem (Eλ) with concave‐convex nonlinearities and multiple
Hardy‐type terms is considered. By means of a variational method, we establish the existence
and multiplicity of positive solutions for problem (Eλ).
Tocotrienol‐Rich Fraction Prevents Cell Cycle Arrest and Elongates Telomere Length in Senescent Human Diploid Fibroblasts
Authors: Makpol Suzana , Durani Lina Wati , Chua Kien Hui , Mohd Yusof Yasmin Anum , Wan Ngah Wan Zurinah
Published: March 2011

This study determined the molecular mechanisms of tocotrienol‐rich fraction (TRF) in preventing cellular senescence of human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). Primary culture of HDFs at various passages were incubated with 0.5 mg/mL TRF for 24 h. Telomere shortening with decreased telomerase activity was observed in senescent HDFs while the levels of damaged DNA and number of cells in G0/G1 phase were increased and S phase cells were decreased. Incubation with TRF reversed the morphology of senescent HDFs to resemble that of young cells with decreased activity of SA‐β‐gal, damaged DNA, and cells in G0/G1 phase while cells in the S phase were increased. Elongated telomere length and restoration of telomerase activity were observed in TRF‐treated senescent HDFs. These findings confirmed the ability of tocotrienol‐rich fraction in preventing HDFs cellular ageing by restoring telomere length and telomerase activity, reducing damaged DNA, and reversing cell cycle arrest associated with senescence.
Intravitreal Bevacizumab (Avastin) for Diabetic Retinopathy: The 2010 GLADAOF Lecture
Authors: Arevalo J. Fernando , Sanchez Juan G. , Lasave Andres F. , Wu Lihteh , Maia Mauricio , Bonafonte Sergio , Brito Miguel , Alezzandrini Arturo A. , Restrepo Natalia , Berrocal Maria H. , Saravia Mario , Farah Michel Eid , Fromow-Guerra Jans , Morales-Canton Virgilio
Published: March 2011

This paper demonstrates multiple benefits of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) on diabetic retinopathy (DR) including diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) at 24 months of followup. This is a retrospective multicenter interventional comparative case series of intravitreal injections of 1.25 or 2.5 mg of bevacizumab for DME, PDR without tractional retinal detachment (TRD), and patients who experienced the development or progression of TRD after an intravitreal injection of 1.25 or 2.5 mg of bevacizumab before vitrectomy for the management of PDR. The results indicate that IVB injections may have a beneficial effect on macular thickness and visual acuity (VA) in diffuse DME. Therefore, in the future this new therapy could complement focal/grid laser photocoagulation in DME. In PDR, this new option could be an adjuvant agent to panretina photocoagulation so that more selective therapy may be applied. Finally, TRD in PDR may occur or progress after IVB used as an adjuvant to vitrectomy. Surgery should be performed 4 days after IVB. Most patients had poorly controlled diabetes mellitus associated with elevated HbA1c, insulin administration, PDR refractory to panretinal photocoagulation, and longer time between IVB and vitrectomy.
Relation between Press Intensity and Angular Velocity at a RPPP Mechanism
Authors: Baydaş Şenay , Karakaş Bülent
Published: March 2011

We study some properties of RPPP. RPPP is discussed by rising with
constant velocity along a given axis. The constant pressure which it stresses on a
constant axis is defined by the increasing PPP. Some relations between the increase at
PPP and angular velocity at R are analyzed and relations of correlation are investigated
at Matlab.
Incidental Cutaneous Reaction Patterns: Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis, Acantholytic Dyskeratosis, and Hailey-Hailey-Like Acantholysis: A Potential Marker of Premalignant Skin Change
Authors: Gaertner Erich M.
Published: March 2011

Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis (FAD), epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EHK), and Hailey-Hailey-like acantholysis (HH) represent unique histology reaction patterns, which can be associated with defined phenotypic and genotypic alterations. Incidental microscopic foci demonstrating these patterns have been identified in skin and mucosal specimens in association with a gamut of disease processes. These changes, when secondary, are of unclear etiology and significance. The following study further analyzes the incidence and association of these histologic patterns in a routine pathology/dermatopathology practice.