bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virulence parameters in the characterization of strains of Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: GOMES Maria A , MELO Maria N. , PENA Gil P.M. , SILVA Edward F.
Published: May 2005

Differences in virulence of strains of Entamoeba histolytica have long been detected by various experimental assays, both in vivo and in vitro. Discrepancies in the strains characterization have been arisen when different biological assays are compared. In order to evaluate different parameters of virulence in the strains characterization, five strains of E. histolytica, kept under axenic culture, were characterized in respect to their, capability to induce hamster liver abscess, erythrophagocytosis rate and cytopathic effect upon VERO cells. It was found significant correlation between in vitro biological assays, but not between in vivo and in vitro assays. Good correlation was found between cytopathic effect and the mean number of uptaken erythrocytes, but not with percentage of phagocytic amoebae, showing that great variability can be observed in the same assay, according to the variable chosen. It was not possible to correlate isoenzyme and restriction fragment pattern with virulence indexes since all studied strains presented pathogenic patterns. The discordant results observed in different virulence assays suggests that virulence itself may not the directly assessed. What is in fact assessed are different biological characteristics or functions of the parasite more than virulence itself. These characteristics or functions may be related or not with pathogenic mechanisms occurring in the development of invasive amoebic disease
Detection and identification of dengue virus isolates from Brazil by a simplified reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method
Authors: FIGUEIREDO Luiz Tadeu Moraes , BATISTA Weber Chelli , IGARASHI Akira
Published: May 2005

We show here a simplified RT-PCR for identification of dengue virus types 1 and 2. Five dengue virus strains, isolated from Brazilian patients, and yellow fever vaccine 17DD as a negative control, were used in this study. C6/36 cells were infected and supernatants were collected after 7 days. The RT-PCR, done in a single reaction vessel, was carried out following a 1/10 dilution of virus in distilled water or in a detergent mixture containing Nonidet P40. The 50 µl assay reaction mixture included 50 pmol of specific primers amplifying a 482 base pair sequence for dengue type 1 and 210 base pair sequence for dengue type 2. In other assays, we used dengue virus consensus primers having maximum sequence similarity to the four serotypes, amplifying a 511 base pair sequence. The reaction mixture also contained 0.1 mM of the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates, 7.5 U of reverse transcriptase, 1U of thermostable Taq DNA polymerase. The mixture was incubated for 5 minutes at 37ºC for reverse transcription followed by 30 cycles of two-step PCR amplification (92ºC for 60 seconds, 53ºC for 60 seconds) with slow temperature increment. The PCR products were subjected to 1.7% agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized by UV light after staining with ethidium bromide solution. Low virus titer around 10 3, 6 TCID50/ml was detected by RT-PCR for dengue type 1. Specific DNA amplification was observed with all the Brazilian dengue strains by using dengue virus consensus primers. As compared to other RT-PCRs, this assay is less laborious, done in a shorter time, and has reduced risk of contamination
Water-contact patterns and risk factors for Schistosoma mansoni infection in a rural village of Northeast Brazil
Authors: SILVA Antônio Augusto Moura da , CUTRIM Raimundo Nonato Martins , ALVES Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto e , COIMBRA Liberata Campos , TONIAL Sueli Rosina , BORGES Diane Paixão
Published: May 2005

Schistosomiasis mansoni in the Serrano village, municipality of Cururupu, state of Maranhão, Brazil, is a widely spread disease. The PECE (Program for the Control of Schistosomiasis), undertaken since 1979 has reduced the prevalence of S. mansoni infection and the hepatosplenic form of the disease. Nevertheless piped water is available in 84% of the households, prevalence remains above 20%. In order to identify other risk factors responsible for the persistence of high prevalence levels, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in a systematic sample of 294 people of varying ages. Socioeconomic, environmental and demographic variables, and water contact patterns were investigated. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed by the Kato-Katz technique. Prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 24.1%, higher among males (35.5%) and between 10-19 years of age (36.6%). The risk factors identified in the univariable analysis were water contacts for vegetable extraction (Risk Ratio - RR = 2.92), crossing streams (RR = 2.55), bathing (RR = 2.35), fishing (RR = 2.19), hunting (RR = 2.17), cattle breeding (RR = 2.04), manioc culture (RR = 1.90) and leisure (RR = 1.56). After controlling for confounding variables by proportional hazards model the risks remained higher for males, vegetable extraction, bathing in rivers and water contact in rivers or in periodically inundated parts of riverine woodland (swamplands)
Human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in Nasca, Peru: A seroepidemiological survey (1)
Authors: SOLIS ACOSTA Hilda Maria , FERREIRA Cláudio Santos , CARVALHO Maria Esther de
Published: May 2005

We estimated the proportion of seropositivity for infection with Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas’ disease) in a sample of the rural population of the Province of Nasca, Department of Ica, southwestern Peru. Although Triatoma infestans, the only vector species identified in the Department of Ica, is often found in domestic environments, data of the extent of human infection with T. cruzi are scant. This study comprised 446 houses, known to be infested with triatomines, distributed in 19 rural localities. While visiting those houses we collected filter paper bloodspots from 864 occupants (of both sexes, aged one year or over). By means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), we detected anti-T. cruzi IgG antibodies in samples from 178 individuals (20.6%). Seropositivity was significantly more frequent in females (23.8%) than in males (17.5%). Among the 410 individuals in the 1- to 10-year-old age group (47.5% of the population sample), 85 (20.7%) were found seropositive, which is indicative of an early acquisition of the infection. Within this group no significant differences in seropositivity were associated with sex
Epidemiological and clinical aspects of snAkebite in Belo Horizonte, Southeast Brazil
Authors: CAIAFFA Waleska Teixeira , ANTUNES Carlos M. F. , Oliveira Helen Ramos de , DINIZ Carlos Ribeiro
Published: May 2005

Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of 310 hospitalized snakebite patients and 310 matched controls were described, over a seven years period, from an emergency hospital in Belo Horizonte, Southeast Brazil. The diagnosis was based upon clinical picture or actual snake identification. Fifty six percent of victims were bitten by the snakes of genus Bothrops, 32.0% by Crotalus, 1.0% by Lachesis and 10.0% undetermined. During the study period, stable number of cases and marked seasonal variation were noted. In comparing cases of snakebite and controls, those from a rural area or who were involved in agricultural labor activity were identified as a high risk group, with an odds ratio (OR) of 14.7 and 6.7, respectively, in favor of being bitten. Upon treatment, snakebite patients were 13.5 times more likely to have had early anaphylactic reactions than their controls, with a higher association in the age group ³ 20 years (OR = 30.3). Increased risks were also detected for pyrexia (OR = 11.7), with a marked association in the group under 19 years old (OR = 16.6). Severe cases of snakebite are an important treatable cause of morbidity in Brazil but therapy may be potentially life threatening. The higher case-fatality ratio encountered, compared to national statistics may be due the representativeness of the more severe cases who sought hospitalization. Preventing snakebite and early referral of those who are bitten is proposed
Decay of antibody isotypes against early developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni after treatment of schistosomiasis patients
Authors: KANAMURA Herminia Yohko , HOSHINO-SHIMIZU Sumie , KIMURA Regina Tomie , MATSUMOTO Tokiko Kyomen , SILVA Luiz Caetano da , LIMA Dirce Mary Correa , ABRANTES-LEMOS Clarice Pires
Published: May 2005

Antibodies to a number of parasite antigens are found in schistosomiasis patients, and antibodies to early developmental stages were demonstrated to be efficient immunologic markers for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. In the present study, decay patterns of IgM and IgG antibodies against cercariae and schistosomula were investigated, in comparison to antibodies against worms and eggs in schistosomiasis patients after chemotherapy, for an investigation of seroepidemiologic aspects. Data obtained in the study of 359 serum samples from patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection, noninfected individuals, and patients followed-up for a period of 12 to 15 months after treatment provided the basis to postulate a general pattern for the kinetics of antibody decay. Before treatment, the antibody pattern was represented by a unimodal curve, which shifted to a bimodal curve after treatment, and ended with a unimodal curve similar to that for the noninfected group. Different types of antibodies were classified into four categories according to their decay features, and anti-schistosomulum IgM was classified into the moderate-decay caterogy, whereas other antibodies to early parasite stages were classified into the slow-decay category. The present methodology permits the identification of the most suitable antibodies to be detected in field control programs for schistosomiasis or other parasitoses
Efficiency of indirect immunofluorescence assay as a confirmatory test for the diagnosis of human retrovirus infection (HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II) in different at risk populations
Authors: GASTALDELLO René , GALLEGO Sandra , ISA María Beatriz , NATES Silvia , MEDEOT Silvia
Published: May 2005

We compared the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with Western blot (Wb) as a confirmatory method to detect antibodies anti retrovirus (HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II). Positive and negative HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II serum samples from different risk populations were studied. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, negative predictive and kappa index values were assayed, to assess the IFA efficiency versus Wb. The following cell lines were used as a source of viral antigens: H9 ( HTLV-III b); MT-2 and MT-4 (persistently infected with HTLV-I) and MO-T (persistently infected with HTLV-II). Sensitivity and specificity rates for HIV-1 were 96.80% and 98.60% respectively, while predictive positive and negative values were 99.50% and 92.00% respectively. No differences were found in HIV IFA performance between the various populations studied. As for IFA HTLV system, the sensitivity and specificity values were 97.91% and 100% respectively with positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 97.92%. Moreover, the sensitivity of the IFA for HTLV-I/II proved to be higher when the samples were tested simultaneously against both antigens (HTLV-I-MT-2 and HTLV-II-MO-T). The overall IFA efficiency for HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II-MT-2 antibody detection probed to be very satisfactory with an excellent correlation with Wb (Kappa indexes 0.93 and 0.98 respectively). These results confirmed that the IFA is a sensitive and specific alternative method for the confirmatory diagnosis of HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II infection in populations at different levels of risk to acquire the infection and suggest that IFA could be included in the serologic diagnostic algorithm.
Characterization of rotavirus P genotypes circulating among paediatric inpatients in Northern Brazil
Authors: MASCARENHAS Joana D’Arc P. , GUSMÃO Rosa Helena P. , BARARDI Célia R. M. , PAIVA Fernanda L. , SIMÕES Cláudia O. , GABBAY Yvone B. , MONTEIRO Talita A. F. , LINHARES Alexandre C.
Published: May 2005

Between November 1992 and August 1993, twenty-eight rotavirus-positive stool samples obtained from paediatric inpatients in Belém, Brazil, aged less than four years, were tested by RT-PCR to determine the P genotype specificities. With the exception of 7 non-diarrhoeic children, all patients were either diarrhoeic at admission or developed diarrhoea while in hospital. Rotavirus strains with the gene 4 alleles corresponding to P1B[4] and P1A[8] types (both of which bearing G2 specificity) predominated, accounting for 78.6% of the strains. While only one P2A[6] type strain - with (mixed) G1 and 4 type specificities - was detected, the gene 4 allele could not be identified in 4 (14.3%) of the strains. Most (81%) of the specimens were obtained from children during their first 18 months of life. Rotavirus strains bearing single P1B[4] type-specificity were identified in both diarrhoeic (either nosocomial, 28.6% or community-acquired diarrhoea, 28.6%) and non-diarrhoeic (42.8%) children. P1A[8] gene 4 allele, on the other hand, was detected only among diarrhoeic children, at rates of 57.1% and 42.9% for nosocomial- and- community acquired diarrhoea, respectively. Mixed P1A[8],1B[4] type infection was identified in only one case of community-acquired diarrhoea.
Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Authors: REY Luís C. , RAMALHO Isabel L.C.
Published: May 2005

A serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in population groups in Fortaleza, Brazil, was conducted, in order to identify seroprevalence rates according to age and risk factors associated with acquired infection. A Toxoplasma IgG-antibody enzyme immunoassay (Sanofi Pasteur Diagnostics, Marnes la Coquette, France) was employed to assess the immunity. Public day-care centers and schools were randomly selected, while three large antenatal clinics and maternity units were choosen by its importance. Population groups and results of 997 blood tests were: 227 children (mean age 3.8 years), 22.8% seropositives; 584 students (mean 11.4 years), 58.4%, and pregnant and postpartum women (mean 24 years), 71.5% seropositives (p < 0.001). Of 256 participants reporting close contact with cats, 59.8% were seropositive, in contrast with 51% seropositives without contact (relative risk 1.17; 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.33; p = 0.01). Having three or more siblings at home was related to higher seroprevalence in children and students (relative risk 1.39; 95% confidence interval 1.21-1.60; p < 0.01). In conclusion, toxoplasmosis seroprevalence showed a rapid increase during the first ten years of life, in association with close contact with cats and larger households, probably related to inappropriate hygiene and child-care practices.
Serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: usefulness of IgA detection and IgG avidity determination in a patient with a persistent IgM antibody response to Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: BERTOZZI Luciana C. , SUZUKI Lisandra A. , ROSSI Cláudio L.
Published: May 2005

We report the detection of specific IgA antibodies and the determination of IgG avidity in sequential serum samples from a patient exhibiting significant levels of Toxoplasma-specific IgM antibodies for seven years after the onset of the clinical symptoms of toxoplasmosis. IgM antibodies were detected by an indirect immunofluorescence test and by three commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Anti-T. gondii IgA was quantified by the a-capture ELISA technique using a commercial kit. As defined by the manufacturer of the IgA ELISA test used, most patients with acute toxoplasmosis have antibody levels > 40 arbitrary units per ml (AU/mL). At this cut-off level, the patient still had a positive ELISA result (45 AU/mL) in a serum sample taken one year after the beginning of clinical manifestations. The IgG avidity-ELISA test was performed with the Falcon assay screening test (F.A.S.T.®) - ELISA system. Avidity indices compatible with a recent Toxoplasma infection were found only in serum samples taken during the first 5 months after the onset of the clinical symptoms of toxoplasmosis. These results show that the interpretation of positive IgM results as indicative of recently acquired toxoplasmosis requires additional laboratory confirmation either by other tests or by the demonstration of a significant rise in the antibody titers in sequential serum samples.
Production of TNF-a by primary cultures of human keratinocytes challenged with Loxosceles gaucho venom
Authors: MÁLAQUE Ceila M.S. , ORI Maria , SANTOS Sânia A. , ANDRADE Dahir R.
Published: May 2005

Primary cultures of human keratinocytes were challenged with increasing doses from 10 ng/mL to 2 mg/mL of Loxosceles gaucho venom, responsible for dermonecrotic lesion in humans. TNF-a was investigated by bioassay and ELISA in the supernatant of the cultures challenged with 100 ng/mL, 500 ng/mL, 1 and 2 mg/mL of venom. TNF-a was detected by bioassay in the supernatant of cultures challenged with 100 ng/mL, after 6 h. The cytokine was detected by ELISA in the supernatant of the cells challenged with doses of l mg/mL, after 6 and 12 h. The results point out the capacity of this venom to activate the keratinocytes in primary cultures to produce TNF-a. The production of cytokines could contribute to the local inflammatory process in patients bitten by Loxosceles sp.
Chronic hepatitis C virus infections in Brazilian patients: association with genotypes, clinical parameters and response to long term alpha interferon therapy
Authors: BASSIT Leda , DA SILVA Luiz C. , RIBEIRO-DOS-SANTOS Gabriela , MAERTENS Geert , CARRILHO Flair J. , FONSECA Luis E. P. , ALVES Venâncio A. F. , GAYOTTO Luis C.C. , PEREIRA Analice N. , TAKEI Kioko , CHAMONE Dalton , SÁEZ-ALQUÉZAR Amadeo
Published: May 2005

The present study assessed the clinical significance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and their influence on response to long term recombinant-interferon-alpha (r-IFN-a) therapy in Brazilian patients. One hundred and thirty samples from patients previously genotyped for the HCV and with histologically confirmed chronic hepatitis C (CH-C) were evaluated for clinical and epidemiological parameters (sex, age, time of HCV infection and transmission routes). No difference in disease activity, sex, age or mode and time of transmission were seen among patients infected with HCV types 1, 2 or 3. One hundred and thirteen of them were treated with 3 million units of r-IFN-a, 3 times a week for 12 months. Initial response (IR) was significantly better in patients with genotype 2 (100%) and 3 (46%) infections than in patients with genotype 1 (29%) (p < 0.005). Among subtypes, difference in IR was observed between 1b and 2 (p < 0.005), and between 1b and 3a (p < 0.05). Sustained response (SR) was observed in 12% for (sub)type 1a, 13% for 1b, 19% for 3a, and 40% for type 2; significant differences were found between 1b and 2 (p < 0.001), and between 1b and 3a (p < 0.05). Moreover, presence of cirrhosis was significantly associated with non response and response with relapse (p < 0.05). In conclusion, non-1 HCV genotype and lack of histological diagnosis of cirrhosis were the only baseline features associated with sustained response to treatment. These data indicate that HCV genotyping may have prognostic relevance in the responsiveness to r-IFN-a therapy in Brazilian patients with chronic HCV infection, as seen in other reports worldwide.
Human leptospirosis: a twenty-nine-year serological study in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Romero Eliete Caló , Bernardo Carla Cristiane da Motta , Yasuda Paulo H.
Published: May 2005

A retrospective study of 9,335 cases of human leptospirosis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, diagnosed between 1969 and 1997 showed that the disease is endemic throughout the state. Middle-aged adults, with a range of 20-39 years, were most frequently infected (32.40%). The mean annual incidence was 0.53 per 100,000 population and the disease was more frequent in males (87.0%). Cases occurred mainly in January to April each year. A peak was observed in 1991 and 1996 which rainfall average was 159.9 and 160.3, respectively. These data emphasize the potential public health importance of leptospirosis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
Dermatophyte agents in the city of São Paulo, from 1992 to 2002
Authors: Chimelli Patricia Augusta Vianna , Sofiatti Alexandre de Abreu , Nunes Ricardo Spina , Martins Jose Eduardo da Costa
Published: May 2005

Dermatophytosis are superficial mycoses caused by fungi that can invade stratum corneum and keratinized tissues. In order to study the frequency of dermatophytes species and the clinical manifestations caused by these fungi, in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, the authors analyzed cultures isolated at the Mycology Laboratory from a selected population (15,300 out-patients of the Hospital das Clínicas, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo) from January 1992 to June 2002. The most prevalent dermatophyte was Trichophyton rubrum (48.7%), followed by Microsporum canis (20.9%), Trichophyton tonsurans (13.8%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (9.7%), Epidermophyton floccosum (4.1%), and Microsporum gypseum (2.5%). These agents determined more than one clinical manifestation, i.e., tinea corporis (31.5%), tinea capitis (27.5%), tinea unguium (14.8%), tinea cruris (13.9%), tinea pedis (9.9%), and tinea manuum (1.9%). Clinical variants of dermatophytosis and their relationship to the etiologic agents were studied and the results were compared to those obtained in previous studies in other regions of Brazil and in other countries.
Heterologous antigen extract in ELISA for the detection of human IgE anti-Strongyloides stercoralis
Authors: Costa-Cruz Julia Maria , Madalena Joaquina , Silva Deise Aparecida de Oliveira , Sopelete Mônica Camargo , Campos Dulcinéa Maria Barbosa , Taketomi Ernesto Akio
Published: May 2005

Strongyloides ratti larval extract was used for the standardization of ELISA to detect genus-specific IgE in human strongyloidiasis. Forty serum samples from monoinfected patients shedding S. stercoralis larvae (Group I), 40 from patients with other intestinal parasites (Group II), and 40 from copronegative healthy subjects (Group III) were analyzed. Genus-specific IgE levels (ELISA Index: EI) were significantly higher in the group I (EI = 1.43) than groups II (EI = 0.70) and III (EI = 0.71), showing positivity rates of 55%, 2.5% and 0%, respectively. Similarly, sera from copropositive patients had significantly higher levels of total IgE (866 IU/mL) as compared to those from group II (302 IU/mL) and III (143 IU/mL). A significant positive correlation was found between levels of Strongyloides specific-IgE and total IgE in sera from patients with strongyloidiasis. In conclusion, S. ratti heterologous extract showed to be a useful tool for detecting genus-specific IgE by ELISA, contributing for a better characterization of the immune response profile in human strongyloidiasis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis: relationship between sputum bacilloscopy and radiological lesions
Authors: Gomes Mauro , Saad Jr. Roberto , Stirbulov Roberto
Published: May 2005

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of radiological manifestations of chest tuberculosis among the tuberculosis outpatients at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Hospital, and to correlate these radiological findings with the sputum bacilloscopy. SAMPLE AND METHODS: A review was made of the medical record cards and chest X-rays of all patients attended between January 1996 and December 1998. Patients with a diagnosis of tuberculosis who presented intrathoracic manifestations of the disease and negative anti-HIV serology were selected. RESULTS: The selection included 153 patients, with an average age of 37.5 years, who were predominantly male (60.8%) and white (56.9%). Pulmonary lesions were present in 121 (79.9%) and extrapulmonary lesions in 32 (20.1%). Parenchymal-infiltrate lesions appeared in 56 patients (36.6%), cavity lesions in 55 (36.0%), pleural effusion in 28 (18.3%), isolated nodules in 6 (3.9%), mediastinal enlargement in 4 (2.6%) and miliary pattern in 4 (2.6%). Cavities were present in 45.5% of the patients with pulmonary lesions, generally in association with the parenchymal-infiltrate lesions. Parenchymal infiltrate was present in 86.8% of the patients with pulmonary lesions. There was significant presence of alcohol-acid resistant bacillus in the sputum of patients with cavities (76.4%), in comparison with those without cavities (50%) (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Parenchymal-infiltrate lesions are the most frequent radiological manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis, and they are generally associated with cavities. There is a relationship between the presence of acid fast bacilli in sputum and pulmonary cavity lesions.
Evaluation of the formalin-Tween concentration technique for parasitic detection
Authors: Methanitikorn Rungkanta , Sukontason Kom , Sukontason Kabkaew L. , Piangjai Somsak
Published: May 2005

The formalin-Tween sedimentation method was compared with the formalin-ether sedimentation for parasitic detection. Of a total 297 fecal specimens examined, 72.1% were positive. The formalin-tween technique was effective for ascertaining helminths, particularly Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm eggs; however it has less capability for protozoa detection. This method is simple, inexpensive, less time consuming and highly sensitive when detecting the parasitic infection, particularly when focusing on helminth eggs.
Profissionalização de atendentes de enfermagem no Estado de São Paulo: um estudo sobre a oferta e demanda de formação
Authors: Oliveira Lavínia Santos de Souza , Lampe Glória Nicoladelli , Martins Cleide Lavieri , Miyashiro Sueli Yuriko
Published: May 2005

Este estudo exploratório objetivou contextualizar a problemática de profissionalização dos atendentes de enfermagem e analisar a oferta de cursos e a demanda de formação de nível técnico de enfermagem em São Paulo. As informações foram obtidas a partir de levantamento documental sobre qualificação profissional na área, nos anos 90. Identificou-se um cenário de mudanças conceituais e políticas de profissionalização e a existência de grande contingente de atendentes a serem profissionalizados. Verificou-se uma tendência de aumento na oferta de cursos e na demanda para a formação e as especializações de nível técnico.
Trajetória profissional das enfermeiras obstétricas egressas da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo: um enfoque da fenomenologia social
Authors: Merighi Miriam Aparecida Barbosa
Published: May 2005

Este estudo objetivou compreender a experiência vivida pelas ex- alunas dos cursos de habilitação ou de especialização em Enfermagem obstétrica da EEUSP. Os dados foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas realizadas com ex-alunos, com trajetórias distintas, depois da sua formação. A proposta de investigação foi fundamentada no referencial teórico metodológico da Sociologia Fenomenológica, de Alfred Schutz, considerando-se que as pessoas expressam, em suas ações socialmente vividas, os significados dessas vivências. Os resultados apontaram para dois tipos sociais: aquelas que continuam na área, porque gostam do que fazem, acreditam na enfermagem obstétrica, sentem-se realizadas, e aquelas que não atuam na área porque se decepcionaram, sentem-se frustradas, com falta de autonomia profissional. Os motivos alegados para deixarem de atuar na área sugerem pontos importantíssimos para serem repensados por aquelas que estão exercendo a profissão, pelas entidades de classe e pelos responsáveis pela formação desses profissionais.
The use of the "Progressive Muscle Relaxation" technique for pain relief in gynecology and obstetrics
Authors: Paula Adriana Aparecida Delloiagono de , Carvalho Emilia Campos de , Santos Claudia Benedita dos
Published: May 2005

Pain is one of the most frequent symptoms observed in patients and various treatments are proposed for its relief, including relaxation techniques. With the purpose of testing the effect of a specific intervention (progressive muscle relaxation) in a determined situation (pain), this study aimed at verifying the level of pain in post-surgery patients prior to and after the application of the Progressive Muscle Relaxation technique. The subjects, 61 patients, had been submitted to abdominal surgical interventions, of which 52.5% had a gynecological nature and 47.5% obstetrical. Our data showed statistically significant alterations in life parameters as well as muscular alterations after the application of the Progressive Muscle Relaxation technique. It was concluded that the use of the Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique enabled the subjects to determine that their pain levels decreased.
Tipo de parto: expectativas das mulheres
Authors: Oliveira Sonia Maria Junqueira Vasconcellos de , Gonzalez Riesco Maria Luiza , Rosas Miya Claudia Fumiko , Vidotto Paula
Published: May 2005

Estudo descritivo e exploratório, realizado mediante entrevista com 221 puérperas que tiveram parto em maternidades públicas estaduais, localizadas no município de São Paulo. Teve como objetivos: 1. identificar o tipo de parto esperado pelas mulheres, considerando a via vaginal ou cesariana, e sua justificativa; 2. verificar a ocorrência do tipo de parto, segundo as expectativas dessas mulheres; 3. comparar a indicação médica da cesariana com o entendimento das mulheres sobre justificativa dessa intervenção. Os dados revelam que 74,7% tinham expectativa de que o parto fosse normal, e 25,3%, de que fosse cesárea. O parto normal, esperado por 165 entrevistadas, ocorreu em 66,1% dessas mulheres. A justificativa mais citada pelas mulheres para esperar o parto normal foi a recuperação pós-parto mais rápida e, para a cesárea, ter tido cesárea anterior. As justificativas apresentadas por 61 mulheres para a realização da cesariana não era coincidente com a indicação médica em 47,5% dos casos.
O cuidar do doente mental crônico na perspectiva do enfermeiro: um enfoque fenomenonlógico
Authors: Bressan Vânia Regina , Scatena Maria Cecília Morais
Published: May 2005

Este estudo se propõe, através do método fenomenológico, compreender o fenômeno: o cuidar do doente mental crônico internado na perspectiva do enfermeiro. Foram coletados os discursos de enfermeiros que trabalham com doentes mentais crônicos em dois macrohospitais do interior do Estado de São Paulo e realizada observação dos locais. Além do estudo com a finalidade de desvelar a visão que o enfermeiro tem do doente mental crônico, desvelou-se também a percepção do enfermeiro no cuidado/trabalho com tais pacientes. Uma reflexão sobre o cuidar, aproximando-se do pensamento de Heidegger, foi realizada, o que possibilitou chegar à sua compreensão.
A educação reflexiva na pós-modernidade: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Gomes Jomara Brandini , Casagrande Lisete Diniz Ribas
Published: May 2005

Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica buscando situar o ensino no momento histórico que estamos vivendo, denominado pós-modernidade, e que tem desencadeado uma mudança paradigmática em todos os níveis de compreensão do ser humano. Foram resgatados os conflitos educacionais da atualidade e apresentados os pressupostos para uma educação pós-moderna, destacando-se, dentre eles, a educação reflexiva, divulgada e proposta por Donald A. Shön, que centra a aprendizagem prática na "reflexão-na-ação", como alternativa para a formação do profissional reflexivo.
La gerencia aclarada en el trabajo del enfermero
Authors: Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa , Trevizan Maria Auxiliadora , Lourenço Maria Regina
Published: May 2005

La gerencia aclarada presupone que todo individuo de prioridad a una conducta fuerte y determinada, en detrimento de una conducta pasiva. Presupone también una profunda preocupación con las cuestiones de la especie humana, los problemas éticos, la relación con la naturaleza, en fin, con el futuro del hombre. De esta forma, las autoras, basadas en los presupuestos subyacentes a la política de gerencia aclarada de Maslow(1), tienen el objetivo de centralizar este tipo de gerencia en el trabajo del enfermero. Creen que, a través de ésta reflexión los enfermeros podrán incorporar en su práctica nuevos valores, más sintonizados con la naturaleza humana.
Adequação da teoria do déficit de autocuidado no cuidado domiciliar à luz do modelo de Barnum
Authors: Fialho Ana Virgínia de Melo , Pagliuca Lorita Marlena Freitag , Soares Enedina
Published: May 2005

O estudo objetiva analisar a adequação da Teoria do Déficit de Autocuidado, enfocando o ambiente e a pessoa cuidadora no domicílio. Adotou-se o modelo de Barnum, que sugere questões para aplicação de seus conceitos, buscando suas interrelações e alcance. Procurou-se responder a essas questões por meio da Teoria do Autocuidado, aplicada numa situação real, observada em visitas domiciliárias realizadas no segundo semestre de 2000 a um paciente paraplégico, sob cuidados domiciliares da esposa e da equipe de saúde da família. Constataram-se condições mínimas de adequação para o cuidado domiciliar, tanto ambientais como dos cuidadores. Considerou-se, comparativamente, que a teoria escolhida pode ser orientada para o cuidado de pacientes em regime de internação domiciliar, desde que supervisionada pelo enfermeiro.
Programas tutoriais para os cursos de enfermagem
Authors: Saupe Rosita , Geib Lorena Teresinha Consalter
Published: May 2005

A implementação dos Projetos Político-Pedagógicos, impulsionada pelas políticas de educação e saúde, gerou a necessidade de incorporar à matriz curricular vários programas para atender aos interesses e necessidades emanados dos cursos de graduação. Um deles é o Programa Tutorial, destinado a amparar o aluno como sujeito da educação e do cuidado. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo objetiva contribuir com a proposição e avaliação de um modelo tutorial, que possa preencher as lacunas detectadas no processo de construção dos Projetos Político-Pedagógicos. Para tanto, o artigo descreve o modelo teórico idealizado, com vistas a sua inclusão nos cursos de graduação.
Assistência à parturiente por enfermeiras obstétricas no Projeto Midwifery: um relato de experiência
Authors: Davim Rejane Marie Barbosa , Bezerra Luiz Gonzaga de Medeiros
Published: May 2005

Este estudo destaca os modelos assistenciais de enfermagem que valorizam a mulher no processo do trabalho de parto, parto e nascimento. Descreve a assistência humanizada prestada à parturiente por enfermeiras obstétricas no Projeto Midwifery de uma maternidade escola. Ressalta que a prática desses modelos possibilita a participação ativa do enfermeiro no processo de trabalho de parto, parto e nascimento, proporcionando, fundamentalmente, satisfação à parturiente e ao profissional.
Idosos com afecção onco-hematológica: ações e as dificuldades para o autocuidado no início da doença
Authors: Toledo Edegarda Helena Rusisca-de , Diogo Maria José D'Elboux
Published: May 2005

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar as ações e dificuldades para o autocuidado no início da doença onco-hematológica, em idosos submetidos a tratamento ambulatorial. Foram entrevistados 30 idosos num centro de hemotalogia do município de Campinas (SP). Por meio da análise identificou-se que, no início da doença, a ação de autocuidado mais relevante foi a procura por cuidado médico, no entanto, a demora ou a dificuldade do diagnóstico, bem como o enfrentamento da doença e acesso ao serviço de saúde, foram as dificuldades mais apontadas.
Compreensão das bases teóricas do planejamento participativo no currículo integrado de um curso de enfermagem
Authors: Laluna Maria Cristina M. Capel , Ferraz Clarice Aparecida
Published: May 2005

O presente trabalho trata de estudo exploratório que buscou identificar as bases teóricas que sustentam o planejamento participativo pautado no referencial do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional, utilizadas no currículo integrado da graduação em enfermagem, para o desenvolvimento do desempenho do planejamento participativo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da análise documental dos vinte e dois cadernos das Unidades Educacionais que compõem o currículo do Curso de Enfermagem da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, objetivando reconhecer os recortes de conhecimentos que contribuíram para a formação dos conceitos de ator social, situação e produção social. Na análise dos resultados, foram reconhecidos a insuficiência das bases teóricas, o predomínio de objetivos de domínio cognitivo e a descrição dos desempenhos na forma de objetivos. Contudo, revelou haver tentativas na integração dos conhecimentos e suas sucessivas aproximações, no tocante ao planejamento participativo, buscando coerência com os princípios do currículo integrado.
Metacognição e ensino de enfermagem: uma combinação possível?
Authors: Stedile Nilva Lúcia Rech , Friendlander Maria Romana
Published: May 2005

Ensinar alunos a aprender a aprender é um desafio para as escolas que pretendem formar indivíduos autônomos e capazes de tomar decisões. Esses são aspectos essenciais para profissionais da área da saúde que se defrontam permanentemente com situações complexas e com uma multiplicidade de problemas a serem resolvidos pela atuação profissional. O desejo de mudanças, explícito no discurso dos educadores, não garante alterações substanciais na forma como o ensino vem sendo desenvolvido. Como promover essas alterações é uma pergunta ainda sem resposta. Os estudos desenvolvidos, nas duas últimas décadas, sobre metacognição parecem apontar uma estratégia possível de ser utilizada para transformar conhecimento em conduta profissional relevante, uma vez que favorece o pensar sobre o processo de pensamento e o desenvolvimento e controle de habilidades mentais capazes de promover maximização no uso das potencialidades individuais necessárias ao enfermeiro para resolver problemas de saúde.
Os nexos entre concepção do processo saúde/doença mental e as tecnologias de cuidados
Authors: Silva Ana Luisa Aranha e , Fonseca Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da
Published: May 2005

A história da humanidade vem inscrevendo convenções sobre doença e tratamento, numa dialética mediada pelas condições materiais e objetivas onde práticas em saúde podem ser identificadas. No campo da saúde mental, podem ser identificados conceitos de adoecimento psíquico e as terapêuticas operadas nos diferentes períodos de desenvolvimento político e econômico e da organização da sociedade humana, dos primórdios à idade contemporânea. Este artigo propõe uma aproximação dos nexos entre a compreensão do processo saúde-doença mental e as formas de tratar, referidos aos dados contextos históricos onde se inscreveram ou se inscrevem, além de buscar o sentido das práticas e sua significação social atual.
Acerca de las bases teóricas, filosóficas, epistemológicas de la investigación científica: el caso de la enfermería
Authors: Carvalho Vilma de
Published: May 2005

En este trabajo, la discusión es (como en el título) acerca de las bases teóricas, filosóficas, epistemológicas de la investigación científica - el caso de la enfermería. La autora toma de partida las cuestiones fundamentales de la Enfermería - ciencia y arte. Pero no solo en el interés de la profesión como práctica social, sino tambien como práctica de la investigación y de la construcción científica. La Enfermería es así comprendida como "ciencia-en-contrucción", y como un conocimento específico aunque impreciso, sin embargo en vias de tornarse científico por la confiabilidad de los resultados y por sus evidencias. Además, es una ciencia que se justifica no por la precisión sino por la necesidad misma de buscar respuestas para la posibilidad de elevarse al alcance epistemológico de los resultados de la investigación en enfermería - su saber y su quehacer. Y a seguir el enfasis radica en la cuestión del cuidado que debe ser el punto crucial de la reflexión, y tambien el punto de interés mayor para las investigaciones en enfermería.
Dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem em um hospital universitário
Authors: Antunes Arthur Velloso , Costa Moacir Nascimento
Published: May 2005

Este estudo apresenta o dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem realizado em um hospital universitário. Teve como objetivos: estipular o número de enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares para os diversos setores, definir o Índice de Segurança Técnica que reflita a realidade do Hospital, verificar a adequação de um Sistema de Classificação de Pacientes e verificar se o método utilizado para os setores de internação é adequado. Na metodologia, utilizamos uma fórmula que considera o cuidado progressivo, calculamos o Índice de Segurança Técnica, adaptamos e testamos um Sistema de Classificação de Pacientes e aplicamos um questionário para avaliar a metodologia utilizada. As conclusões foram as seguintes: o estudo nos permitiu alcançar o número de pessoal necessário para cada um dos setores do hospital, o Índice de Segurança Técnica atendeu à finalidade de cobrir as ausências, o Sistema de Classificação de Pacientes usado é adequado, exceto para dois setores, e a fórmula empregada para os setores de internação é adequada.
Higher frequency of uncommon 1.5–2 Mb deletions found in familial cases of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Fernández Luis , Lapunzina Pablo , Pajares Isidora López , Criado Germán Rodríguez , García‐Guereta Luis , Pérez Jesús , Quero José , Delicado Alicia
Published: May 2005

Familial 22q11.2 deletions have been reported as a 6%–28% of the total affected cases of 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome (del22q11.2). Different deletion genotypes have been described for this disorder, with a predominant 3 Mb deletion present in 90% of the cases, a less common 1.5–2 Mb deletion in 8%, and atypical smaller deletions in 2%. We have studied 15 cases of del22q11.2 from 6 families (two of them three‐generation families) that were previously diagnosed through FISH. We have sized the deleted region by allele genotyping of 12–16 polymorphic markers in all cases, and we have found three families affected with the 1.5–2 Mb deletion, two affected with the 3 Mb deletion, and one in which the deletion size could not be determined. This predominance of the smaller 1.5–2 Mb deletions in our familial cases differs from the minor frequency observed in sporadic cases of del22q11.2. This finding suggests that small deletions are more linked to familial inheritance than large ones, possibly due to psychosocial or biological factors associated with differences in the phenotype. Deletion sizing on routine diagnosis may help characterizing the inheritability of 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unstable Robertsonian translocations der(13;15)(q10;q10): Heritable chromosome fission without phenotypic effect in two kindreds
Authors: Perry Jo , White Sue M. , Nouri Sara , Bain Sharon M. , Hutchinson Rhonda G. , La Phung , Northrop Emma , Eyre Helen J. , Pertile Mark D. , Hocking Trudy A. , Thompson Elizabeth M. , Yu Sui , Choo K.H. Andy , Slater Howard R.
Published: May 2005

Robertsonian translocations (RTs) are amongst the most common chromosome abnormalities, but being essentially balanced are not usually associated with phenotypic abnormality. Despite being dicentric, RTs are almost always transmitted stably through cell division without chromosome breakage. We have investigated spontaneous fission of der(13;15)(q10;q10) chromosomes in eight individuals from two unrelated kindreds with a view to assessing clinical significance and to seek an explanation for the peculiar heritable instability displayed by these chromosomes. In Family 1, fission products were observed in five members in three generations. The instability was observed in cells derived from chorionic villus and lymphocytes. In Family 2, the same phenomenon was observed in amniocytes from two separate pregnancies and maternal blood lymphocytes. Detailed FISH analysis of these RTs showed them to be dicentric with an unremarkable pericentromeric structure. Notably, combined immunofluoresence and FISH analysis showed the presence of the centromere‐specific proteins CENP‐A and CENP‐E, consistent with functional dicentricity in >75% of cells analyzed. The fission products are, therefore, presumed to be the result of sporadic, bipolar kinetochore attachment, anaphase bridging with resultant inter‐centromeric breakage in a small proportion of mitoses. None of the eight carriers shows phenotypic abnormality and therefore, for prenatal counseling purposes, there appears to be no increased specific risk associated with this phenomenon. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Highest Bond Order Between Heavier Main‐Group Elements in an Isolated Compound? Energetics and Vibrational Spectroscopy of S2I4(MF6)2 (M: As, Sb).
Authors: Brownridge Scott , Cameron T. Stanley , Du Hongbin , Knapp Carsten , Koeppe Ralf , Passmore Jack , Rautiainen J. Mikko , Schnoeckel Hansgeorg
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ternary Thallides LnMgTl (Ln: Y, La—Nd, Sm, Gd—Tm, Lu).
Authors: Kraft Rainer , Poettgen Rainer
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Zr Stabilized Ti5Te4‐Type Hafnium Telluride.
Authors: He Meng , Simon Arndt , Duppel Viola
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural Diversity of Sheets in Rubidium Uranyl Oxoselenates: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Rb2 [(UO2)(SeO4)2(H2O)] (H2O), Rb2 [(UO2)2(SeO4)3 (H2O)2](H2O)4, and Rb4 [(UO2)3(SeO4)5(H2O)].
Authors: Krivovichev Sergey V. , Kahlenberg Volker
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High‐Pressure Synthesis of α‐Ln2B4O9 (Ln: Sm, Ho), with a Structure Type Displaying Edge‐Sharing BO4 Tetrahedra.
Authors: Emme Holger , Huppertz Hubert
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemiluminescent Reactions Induced by Gold Nanoparticles.
Authors: Cui Hua , Zhang Zhi‐Feng , Shi Ming‐Juan
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Characterization of Two Quaternary Thorium Chalcophosphates: Cs4Th2P6S18 and Rb7Th2P6Se21.
Authors: Chan Benny C. , Hess Ryan F. , Feng Patrick L. , Abney Kent D. , Dorhout Peter K.
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Nickel(II) Cation Inclusion within the Mixed‐Valence Polyoxomolybdate Capped with Four NiII(en)(H2O) Groups: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure of [MoV8MoVI4O30 (μ2‐OH)6 (NiIIO4){NiII(en) (H2O)}4].
Authors: Cui Xiao‐Bing , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrochemical Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photomagnetic Properties of a Three‐Dimensional Cyano‐Bridged Copper—Molybdenum Complex.
Authors: Hozumi Toshiya , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi
Published: May 2005

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Electrochemical Dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinoline to 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinoline.
Authors: Okimoto Mitsuhiro , Takahashi Yukio , Numata Kaori , Sasaki Gaku
Published: May 2005

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Candida rugosa Lipase‐Mediated Enantioselective Acetylation Studies on (.+‐.)‐3‐Arylmethyl‐3‐hydroxymethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1‐benzopyran‐4(H)‐ones.
Authors: Trikha Smriti , Kumar Rajesh , Dhawan Ashish , Poonam Poonam , Prasad Ashok K. , Cholli Ashok L. , Olsen Carl E. , Watterson Arthur C. , Parmar Virinder S.
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Allylic Amines. Evaluation of Ferrocenyloxazoline Palladacycle Catalysts and Imidate Motifs.
Authors: Anderson Carolyn E. , Donde Yariv , Douglas Christopher J. , Overman Larry E.
Published: May 2005

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Contrast Performance in Catalytic Ability — New Cinchona Phase Transfer Catalysts for Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Elango Shanmugam , Venugopal Murugapillai , Suresh P. S. , Eni Eni
Published: May 2005

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Chemoselective Allylation of Aldehydes Using Cerium(III) Chloride: Simple Synthesis of Homoallylic Alcohols.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Kondaji G. , Reddy J. Shyam Sunder
Published: May 2005

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Evaluation of Ethyl 2‐Carbomethoxyethenesulfinates as 2‐Hydroxymethyl Enethiol Equivalents in the Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Faragher Robert J. , Alberico Dino , Schwan Adrian L.
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.