bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome annotation of 17 porcine tissues using nanopore sequencing technology
Authors: Li Jinghui , Guan Dailu , Halstead Michelle M. , Islas‐Trejo Alma D. , Goszczynski Daniel E. , Ernst Catherine W. , Cheng Hao , Ross Pablo , Zhou Huaijun
Published: November 2022

The annotation of animal genomes plays an important role in elucidating molecular mechanisms behind the genetic control of economically important traits. Here, we employed long‐read sequencing technology, Oxford Nanopore Technology, to annotate the pig transcriptome across 17 tissues from two Yorkshire littermate pigs. More than 9.8 million reads were obtained from a single flow cell, and 69 781 unique transcripts at 50 108 loci were identified. Of these transcripts, 16 255 were found to be novel isoforms, and 22 344 were found at loci that were novel and unannotated in the Ensembl (release 102) and NCBI (release 106) annotations. Novel transcripts were mostly expressed in cerebellum, followed by lung, liver, spleen, and hypothalamus. By comparing the unannotated transcripts to existing databases, there were 21 285 (95.3%) transcripts matched to the NT database (v5) and 13 676 (61.2%) matched to the NR database (v5). Moreover, there were 4324 (19.4%) transcripts matched to the SwissProt database (v5), corresponding to 11 356 proteins. Tissue‐specific gene expression analyses showed that 9749 transcripts were highly tissue‐specific, and cerebellum contained the most tissue‐specific transcripts. As the same samples were used for the annotation of cis‐regulatory elements in the pig genome, the transcriptome annotation generated by this study provides an additional and complementary annotation resource for the Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes effort to comprehensively annotate the pig genome.
Expression and T cell regulatory action of the PD‐1 immune checkpoint in the ovary and fallopian tube
Authors: Johnson Joshua , Kim So‐Youn , Sam Peter Ka , Asokan Rengasamy , Cari Evelyn Llerena , Bales Elise S. , Luu Thanh‐Ha , Perez Lauren , Kallen Amanda N. , Nel‐Themaat Liesl , Polotsky Alex J. , Post Miriam D. , Orlicky David J. , Jordan Kimberly R. , Bitler Benjamin G.
Published: November 2022

Problem

Immune cell trafficking and surveillance within the ovary and fallopian tube are thought to impact fertility and also tumorigenesis in those organs. However, little is known of how native cells of the ovary and fallopian tube interact with resident immune cells. Interaction of the Programmed Cell Death Protein‐1 (PD‐1/PDCD‐1/CD279) checkpoint with PD‐L1 is associated with downregulated immune response. We have begun to address the question of whether PD‐1 ligand or its receptors (PD‐L1/‐L2) can regulate immune cell function in these tissues of the female reproductive tract.

Method of study

PD‐1 and ligand protein expression was evaluated in human ovary and fallopian tube specimens, the latter of which included stages of tubal cell transformation and early tumorigenesis. Ovarian expression analysis included the determination of the proteins in human follicular fluid (HFF) specimens collected during in vitro fertilization procedures. Finally, checkpoint bioactivity of HFF was determined by treatment of separately‐isolated human T cells and the measurement of interferon gamma (IFNγ).

Results

We show that membrane bound and soluble variants of PD‐1 and ligands are expressed by permanent constituent cell types of the human ovary and fallopian tube, including granulosa cells and oocytes. PD‐1 and soluble ligands were present in HFF at bioactive levels that control T cell PD‐1 activation and IFNγ production; full‐length checkpoint proteins were found to be highly enriched in HFF exosome fractions.

Conclusion

The detection of PD‐1 checkpoint proteins in the human ovary and fallopian tube suggests that the pathway is involved in immunomodulation during folliculogenesis, the window of ovulation, and subsequent egg and embryo immune‐privilege. Immunomodulatory action of receptor and ligands in HFF exosomes is suggestive of an acute checkpoint role during ovulation. This is the first study in the role of PD‐1 checkpoint proteins in human tubo‐ovarian specimens and the first examination of its potential regulatory action in the contexts of normal and assisted reproduction.
Extrinsic outflow graft flow obstruction in patients with HeartMate3 LVAD
Authors: Ajello Silvia , Pieri Marina , Bertoglio Luca , Altizio Savino , Nardelli Pasquale , Scandroglio Anna Mara
Published: November 2022

Blood flow obstruction at the level of the outflow graft is a rare but severe complication of LVAD support. We present a series of five patients supported with HeartMate3 LVAD (Abbott Labs, Chicago, IL) that developed an outflow graft obstruction after 607–1250 days of support, during prolonged antithrombotic therapy. Three patients presented with severe symptoms of heart failure, were treated with endovascular stenting and experienced full recovery. Preoperative computed tomography angiography and intraoperative angiography together with intravascular ultrasound provided diagnosis and guided treatment. In two patients, outflow obstruction was an occasional finding at imaging without heart failure symptoms and a “watchful waiting” approach was adopted: delayed treatment in one of them was futile. This late adverse event is peculiar for its pathophysiology and not yet discussed among the mechanical circulatory support community.
Increased duration and similar outcomes of V‐V ECLS in patients with COVID‐19 ARDS compared to non‐COVID ARDS: Single center experience
Authors: Benedetto Maria , Piccone Giulia , Baiocchi Massimo , Cerchierini Elisa , Adversi Marco , Rossi Agostino , Dell'Olio Alessio , Di Luca Daniela , Castelli Andrea , Ranieri V. Marco , Tonetti Tommaso
Published: November 2022

Background

Veno‐venous extracorporeal life support (V‐V ECLS or V‐V ECMO) has been adopted as a rescue support in severe cases of COVID‐19 ARDS. Initial reports on the use of V‐V ECLS in COVID‐19 patients reported very high mortality rates (57%–94%), but subsequent studies showed much lower rates (30%–40%). The aim of this study is to analyze demographic features, clinical course and outcomes of COVID‐19 treated with V‐V ECLS during the Italian ‘third wave’, in which the alpha variant was prevalent in the country.

Methods

Single‐center, retrospective observational study conducted at the ECLS referral center of a teaching hospital in Italy from January 1st, 2021 and October 31st, 2021.

Results

Between January and October 2021, 18 consecutive adult patients who underwent V‐V ECLS for severe ARDS due to COVID‐19 were enrolled. Thirteen patients (72.2%) were male, and their median age was 50 years; the median P/F ratio before V‐V ECLS initiation was 43 mm Hg (IQR, 40; 56), and the median RESP score was 0.5 (IQR, −2.25; 1.0). The mortality rate at 90 days was 55.6, compared to 55.7% in non‐COVID patients in our center (p > 0.05); the median duration of ECLS was 29 days (IQR, 11; 32), compared to 10 days (IQR, 8; 15), in non‐COVID patients (p = 0.004). Incidence of complications was high.

Conclusions

In patients with COVID‐19 ARDS receiving V‐V ECLS, unadjusted mortality was similar to pre‐pandemic V‐V ECLS cases, while the duration of ECLS was almost three times longer and with frequent complications. This could be partly explained by the selection of very sick patients at the baseline that evolved to multiorgan failure during the course of ECLS.
Progenitor cell‐derived basophils: A novel barcoded passive degranulation assay in allergic diseases
Authors: Wu Jiakai , Bahri Rajia , Tsoumani Marina , Semic‐Jusufagic Aida , Murray Clare S. , Custovic Adnan , Guibas George V. , Bennett Miriam , Wang Ran , Gauvreau Gail , Cusack Ruth , Mills Clare , Bulfone‐Paus Silvia , Simpson Angela
Published: November 2022

Background

Effector cells assays provide an overall measure of responsiveness to allergen, but the lack of reliable and high‐throughput assays limits the clinical utility. We aimed to develop a high‐throughput basophil activation test based on human progenitor cell‐derived basophils (PCB) and investigate the role of PCB activation test (PCBAT) in allergic diseases.

Methods

Progenitor cell‐derived basophils were differentiated from CD34+ progenitor cells and sensitized with sera from subjects sensitized to cat, peanut or atopic controls. Sensitized PCBs were stimulated with increasing concentrations of the corresponding allergens in vitro. Degranulation was assessed by measuring CD63 expression using flow cytometry. The correlations between PCBAT and clinical allergy were assessed.

Results

Following passive sensitization of the mature PCBs with serum and allergen stimulation, an allergen specific dose‐dependent increase in CD63 expression was observed. Sera from subjects sensitized to cat (n = 35, of which 17 subjects had clinical reactivity quantified using inhaled allergen challenge), peanut allergic (n = 30, of which 15 subjects had clinical reactivity validated using double blind, placebo controlled food challenges [DBPCFC]), peanut‐sensitized but tolerant subjects (n = 5) were used to sensitize PCBs. PCBAT area under the curve (AUC) correlated with sIgE (r2 = .49, p = .001) in subjects sensitized to cat (sIgE ≥ 0.35KU/L). The provocation concentration of inhaled cat allergen (PC20) correlated with PCBAT AUC (r2 = .33, p = .016). In subjects sensitized to peanut, PCBAT AUC was highly correlated with sIgE to Ara h 2 (r2 = .59, p < .0001). Peanut threshold cumulative dose during DBPCFC was negatively correlated with PCBAT AUC (r2 = .57, p = .001) and IgE to Ara h1 (r2 = .55, p = .007), but not with sIgE to whole peanut or Ara h2. All peanut‐sensitized but tolerant subjects showed no reaction to peanut on PCBAT.

Conclusion

Progenitor cell‐derived basophils activation test is a high‐throughput assay, which correlates with clinical allergy and may confer a powerful alternative tool in allergy testing.
Adverse reactions to cosmetics reported to the Chongqing adverse drug reaction monitoring centre system in China
Authors: Wang Sha , Jiang Yang , Lyu Jing , Li Jiajia , Diao Qingchun
Published: November 2022

Background

Cosmetic adverse reactions (CARs) are becoming widespread in China. However, a comprehensive analysis of data is lacking.

Objective

To analyse the clinical characteristics of patients with reported adverse reactions to cosmetics in Chongqing, China.

Methods

Cases with CARs reported to the Chongqing Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Centre System from 2017 to 2021 were analysed.

Results

A total of 23 245 cases were identified, of which 94.5% were women. Contact dermatitis (84.3%) was the most common diagnosis of CARs, followed by acne (3.1%). The most frequently reported clinical signs were erythema (70.1%), followed by papules (35.5%). The majority of CARs were reported to be due to ordinary cosmetics (87.9%), of which 81.0% were skin care products and 7.1% were makeup products. Cosmetics with special functions constituted 12.2%, of these, skin whitening (54.0%) and sunscreen (28.0%) products were most frequently reported.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that adverse reactions to cosmetics are of concern in China, and dermatologists should actively identify and diagnose CARs. In addition, we should establish a convenient and effective model for collecting, reporting, and evaluating CARs.
Infants’ sense of approximate numerosity: Heritability and link to other concurrent traits
Authors: Viktorsson Charlotte , Lindskog Marcus , Li Danyang , Tammimies Kristiina , Taylor Mark J. , Ronald Angelica , Falck‐Ytter Terje
Published: November 2022

The ability to perceive approximate numerosity is present in many animal species, and emerges early in human infants. Later in life, it is moderately heritable and associated with mathematical abilities, but the etiology of the Approximate Number System (ANS) and its degree of independence from other cognitive abilities in infancy is unknown. Here, we assessed the phenotypic specificity as well as the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the ANS in a sample of 5‐month‐old twins (N = 514). We found a small‐to‐moderate but statistically significant effect of genetic factors on ANS acuity (heritability = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.33), but only when differences in numerosity were relatively large (1:4 ratio). Non‐verbal ability assessed with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) was found to be heritable (0.47; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.57) and the phenotypic association between ANS acuity and non‐verbal ability performance was close to zero. Similarly, we found no association between ANS acuity and general attention during the task. An unexpected weak but statistically significant negative association between ANS acuity and scores on the receptive language scale of the MSEL was found. These results suggest that early ANS function may be largely independent from other aspects of non‐verbal development. Further, variability in ANS in infancy seems to, to some extent, reflect genotypic differences in the population.

Highlights

Assessing 514 infant twins with eye tracking, we found that infants' sense of approximate numerosity is heritable and not positively associated with concurrent attentional, cognitive or motor abilities.

These results have implications for our understanding of development of mathematical ability and the link between cognitive abilities early in postnatal life.
Education and employment as young adults living with spina bifida transition to adulthood in the USA: A study of the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry
Authors: Liu Tiebin , Ouyang Lijing , Walker William O. , Wiener John S. , Woodward Jason , Castillo Jonathan , Wood Hadley M. , Tanaka Stacy T. , Adams Richard , Smith Kathryn A. , O'Neil Joseph , Williams Tonya R. , Ward Elisabeth A. , Bowman Robin M. , Riley Catharine
Published: November 2022

Aim

To describe the education and employment transition experience of young adults with spina bifida (YASB) and investigate factors associated with employment.

Method

We queried education and employment data from the US National Spina Bifida Patient Registry from 2009 to 2019. We applied generalized estimating equations models to analyze sociodemographic and disease‐related factors associated with employment.

Results

A total of 1909 participants (850 males, 1059 females) aged 18 to 26 years contributed 4379 annual visits. Nearly 84% had myelomeningocele and, at last visit, the median age was 21 years (mean 21 years 5 months, SD 2 years 10 months). A total of 41.8% had at least some post‐high school education, and 23.9% were employed. In a multivariable regression model, employment was significantly associated with education level, lower extremity functional level, bowel continence, insurance, and history of non‐shunt surgery. This large, national sample of YASB demonstrated low rates of post‐secondary education attainment and employment and several potentially modifiable factors associated with employment.

Interpretation

Specific sociodemographic, medical, and functional factors associated with employment are important for clinicians to consider when facilitating transition for YASB into adulthood. Additional research is needed to understand the impact of cognitive functioning and social determinants of health on transition success in YASB.

What this paper adds

There were low education attainment and employment rates in a large sample of young adults with spina bifida.

Specific sociodemographic, medical, and functional factors are associated with employment.

Some employment‐associated factors, such as continence and self‐management skills, are modifiable.
Characteristics and pathogenesis of Koebner phenomenon
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Lei Li , Jiang Ling , Fu Chuhan , Huang Jinhua , Hu Yibo , Zhu Lu , Zhang Fan , Chen Jing , Zeng Qinghai
Published: November 2022

The Koebner phenomenon, also known as isomorphic reaction, refers to the development of secondary lesions with the same clinical manifestations and histopathological characteristics as the primary lesions in normal skin after trauma or other stimuli. The triggering factors of Koebner phenomenon include physical trauma, chemical stimulation, mechanical stress, iatrogenic stimulation and pathogenic infection. Vitiligo, psoriasis and lichen planus are considered true Koebner phenomenon. Recent studies have shown that immunological disorders, oxidative stress, defective melanocyte adhesion and growth factor deficiency are the main pathological mechanisms of vitiligo Koebner phenomenon. In psoriasis, triggers may drive skin inflammation to induce a psoriatic phenotype through multiple signalling pathways and thereby cause Koebner phenomenon in susceptible individuals. Significantly, keratinocytes mediate the occurrence of Koebner phenomenon in psoriasis through mechano‐induced signalling pathways after sensing mechanical signals and explains the high frequency of psoriasis lesions on the extensor side of the elbow and knee joints. On the contrary, TRPA1‐driven mechano‐transduction, autoimmunity and actinic damage are the underlying mechanisms of Koebner phenomenon in lichen planus. In this review, we have summarized the current understanding of the characteristics and pathogenesis of Koebner phenomenon.
Pregnancy and childbirth in women with bleeding disorders: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Young Ashli , Lim Ming Y. , Sanders Jessica , Branch D. Ware , Simonsen Sara E.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Reproductive‐age women with bleeding disorders (BDs) are underdiagnosed and understudied, despite their increased risk for adverse health outcomes and pregnancy complications.

Aim

This study examines pregnancy outcomes and obstetric complications of Utah women with BDs.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study utilized linked birth records and clinical billing data from two large Utah healthcare systems. Utah residents who had their first birth at > 20 weeks gestation (2008–2015) and who received non‐emergent care within either system before delivery were included (n = 61 226). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine relationships between BDs and neonatal and obstetric outcomes.

Results

A total of 295 women (.48%) were included in the BD study population. Women with BDs had significantly increased odds of preterm birth (aOR 1.85, 95% CI 1.32–2.60), Caesarean delivery (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.06–1.79), postpartum blood transfusion (aOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.05–6.22), unplanned postpartum hysterectomy (aOR 33.96, 95% CI 7.30–157.89) and transfer to an intensive care unit (aOR 18.18, 95% CI 7.17–46.08). All of the women with BDs who experienced these serious complications were not diagnosed with a BD until the year of their first birth. Additionally, those with BDs were more likely to experience maternal and infant mortality.

Conclusion

Women with BDs had an increased risk for preterm birth, Caesarean delivery, blood transfusion, unplanned hysterectomy, intensive care unit admission, maternal and infant mortality. Those who were not diagnosed with a BD before the year of their first birth were at an increased risk for serious pregnancy complications.
Public understanding and awareness of and response to monkeypox virus outbreak: A cross‐sectional survey of the most affected communities in the United Kingdom during the 2022 public health emergency
Authors: Paparini Sara , Whitacre Ryan , Smuk Melanie , Thornhill John , Mwendera Chikondi , Strachan Sophie , Nutland Will , Orkin Chloe
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Our objective was to examine the public response to public health and media messaging during the human monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak in the UK, focusing on at‐risk communities.

Methods

A co‐produced, cross‐sectional survey was administered in June and July 2022 using community social media channels and the Grindr dating app. Basic descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and odds ratio p values are presented.

Results

Of 1932 survey respondents, 1750 identified as men, 88 as women, and 64 as gender non‐conforming. Sexual identity was described as gay/lesbian/queer (80%), bisexual (12%), heterosexual (4%), and pansexual (2%); 39% were aged <40 years; 71% self‐identified as White, 3% as Black, 8% as Asian, 2%as LatinX, and 11% as ‘Mixed or Other’ heritage groups. In total, 85% were employed and 79% had completed higher education. A total of 7% of respondents identified themselves as living with HIV. Overall, 34% reported limited understanding of public health information, 52% considered themselves at risk, 61% agreed that people with MPXV should isolate for 21 days, 49% reported they would first attend a sexual health clinic if symptomatic, 86% reported they would accept a vaccine, and 59% believed that MPXV originated from animals. The most trusted sources of information were healthcare professionals (37%), official health agencies (29%), and mainstream media (12%).

Conclusions

Vaccine acceptability was very high, yet the understanding and acceptance of public health information varied. Social determinants of health inequalities already shaping the UK landscape risk were compounded in this new emergency. Engagement with structurally disadvantaged members of affected communities and better dissemination of public health messaging by trusted healthcare professionals are essential for the public health response.
Effects of single rinse with three different types of mouthwashes on VSCs levels in morning breath: Randomized, double‐blind, crossover clinical trial
Authors: Luzi Silvia , Mancini Leonardo , Tarallo Francesco , Manenti Rebecca Jewel , Mattei Antonella , Fiasca Fabiana , Marchetti Enrico
Published: November 2022

Objective

Morning breath is a temporary and unpleasant malodour sourced from the mouth, which occurs upon awakening. This double‐blind, crossover, randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the bad‐breath suppression of three commercially available mouthwashes: Mentadent Professional® Chlorhexidine 0.05% with vitamin C (ChxC), Meridol Alito Sicuro® (SnF2) and CB12® (ZnChx) compared to a placebo (PbO) on morning halitosis.

Methods

Thirty‐two subjects refraining from oral hygiene practices for 12 h before the evaluation, performed a 30‐s rinse with 15 ml of mouthwash, followed by a 5‐s gargle, in the evening before bedtime. In order to assess morning halitosis, visual inspection (Winkel Tongue Coating Index), organoleptic (Rosenberg index) and chromatographic measurements were used. Gas chromatography was carried out by means of a dedicated device, the Oral Chroma. The recorded measurements have to be considered solely after the rinse since no data about the pre‐exposure were available. A washout period of 1 week passed between one administration and the next.

Results

The mean value of the organoleptic indices after administration of ChxC mouthwash is similar to ZnChx, SnF2 and PbO values. Thus, no statistically significant differences were recorded among the mouthwashes and PbO. Nevertheless, ChxC seems to be more efficient in comparison with the PbO regarding VSCs levels analysed with Oral Chroma, (CH3SH; p = 0.0081) and [(CH3)2 S; p = 0.0003].

Conclusion

Considering our limited sample, instrumental examination demonstrated that the use of the analysed mouthwashes can result in low VSCs levels after 12 h from a single rinse. Furthermore, the highest number of patients (n = 14) were proved to be free from bad smell after using a single administration of ChxC with respect to the other commercial products. The other tested mouthwashes did not show better performances with respect to the placebo after a single rinse.
Perspective: Coping with Covid‐19: An isolation risk assessment and management guideline for healthcare staff
Authors: Edwards Kim , Cowan Darrin , Brunero Scott
Published: November 2022

The mental health consequences of pandemic isolation have been well documented extending from psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression to increased falls risk, medication errors and delirium. Whilst risk factors associated with isolation are known, there remains a gap in the guidance for healthcare staff on how to assess for these risks and develop effective management plans. Using a structured professional judgement (SPJ) approach and the author's recent experience providing consultation and leadership to clinical staff working with at‐risk patients during the pandemic, an isolation risk assessment and management guideline was developed. SPJ is an evidenced‐based analytical method used to understand and mitigate risk that was primarily developed for the assessment and management of aggression and violence. This paper discusses an evidenced‐based process used to develop the guideline and the application of its use from the author's clinical experience.
Impact of lymphadenectomy in patients with locally recurrent or persistent cervical cancer treated with salvage hysterectomy
Authors: Mabuchi Seiji , Komura Naoko , Kodama Michiko , Matsuzaki Shinya , Matsumoto Yuri , Kamiura Shoji , Kimura Tadashi
Published: November 2022

Aim

To investigate the role of lymphadenectomy (LND) in locally recurrent or persistent cervical cancer patients treated with salvage hysterectomy.

Methods

Locally recurrent or persistent cervical cancer patients treated with salvage hysterectomy, with or without LND, were identified. Patients were divided into two groups according to the status of radiologic evidence of lymph node metastasis, and the impact of LND was investigated by evaluating postoperative survival.

Results

This study included 72 patients; 48 did not show radiological evidence of lymph node metastasis (Group 1) while 24 did (Group 2). Overall, the addition of LND to salvage hysterectomy resulted in increased postoperative complications. In Group 1, salvage hysterectomy plus LND resulted in the identification of five cases with false‐negative lymph nodes (19.2%), but showed no advantage over salvage hysterectomy alone in terms of postoperative survival. In Group 2, all patients underwent LND, which resulted in the identification of eight cases with false‐positive nodes (33.3%), and reasonably long postoperative survival. The estimated 3‐year postoperative survival rate in this group was 39.7%.

Conclusion

Including LND in salvage hysterectomy allows for precise lymph node staging but increases risk of postoperative complications. However, considering the inability to improve survival, LND should not be performed during salvage hysterectomy in patients without radiological evidence of lymph node metastasis. In patients with radiological evidence of lymph node metastasis, salvage hysterectomy plus LND can only be performed in those who understand the risk of postoperative complications and the limited evidence supporting its survival advantage.
Stakeholder Perspectives on the School Experiences of Students With Traumatic Brain Injury: The Effects of COVID‐19 Pandemic on Service Delivery
Authors: Unruh Deanne , Gomez Doug , Slocumb Jody , McCart Melissa , Davies Susan , Haarbauer‐Krupa Juliet , Glang Ann
Published: November 2022

Background

For students with traumatic brain injury (TBI), the COVID‐19 pandemic exacerbated challenges they were already experiencing at school.

Methods

This qualitative study employed focus groups and interviews with students, parents, school, and medical personnel to explore the school experiences of students with TBI. Thematic qualitative analyses were used.

Results

Key themes from the analysis include (a) incidence of brain injuries decreased; (b) screen time for students with TBI exacerbated symptoms; (c) COVID protocols at school made it difficult for educators to identify and provide accommodations for students with TBI; (d) COVID protocols at school could inadvertently exacerbate mental health difficulties after a TBI; and (e) COVID‐related logistics increased the time between an injury and return to school or return to play.

Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity

The results from this study suggest that professional development for teachers supporting students with TBI is needed, especially for online learning environments. Additionally, because mental/behavioral health concerns may arise for students with TBI in online learning environments, school health care providers can work with families to assess a student's mental health, making referrals to appropriate supports.

Conclusions

There is a significant need for professional development and school‐wide infrastructure supportive of students with TBI.
Punitive school discipline as a mechanism of structural marginalization with implications for health inequity: A systematic review of quantitative studies in the health and social sciences literature
Authors: Duarte Catherine dP. , Moses Candice , Brown Melissa , Kajeepeta Sandhya , Prins Seth J. , Scott Janelle , Mujahid Mahasin S.
Published: November 2022

Punitive school discipline deploys surveillance, exclusion, and corporal punishment to deter or account for perceived student misbehavior. Yet, education and legal scholarship suggests it fails to achieve stated goals and exacerbates harm. Furthermore, it is disproportionately imposed upon Black, Latinx, Native/Indigenous, LGBTQIA, and disabled students, concentrating its harms among marginalized young people. Its implications for health, however, are less clear. Using public health theories of sociostructural embodiment, we propose a framework characterizing pathways linking societal ideologies (e.g., racism) to punitive discipline with implications for health and health inequity and then present our systematic review of the punitive school discipline–health literature (N = 19 studies) conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Data were extracted on guiding theories, study characteristics, measurement, methods, and findings. This literature links punitive school discipline to greater risk for numerous health outcomes, including persistent depressive symptoms, depression, drug use disorder in adulthood, borderline personality disorder, antisocial behavior, death by suicide, injuries, trichomoniasis, pregnancy in adolescence, tobacco use, and smoking, with documented implications for racial health inequity. Using our adapted framework, we contextualize results and recommend avenues for future research. Our findings support demands to move away from punitive school discipline toward health‐affirming interventions to promote school connectedness, safety, and wellbeing.
The effectiveness of interventions during the first 1,000 days to improve energy balance‐related behaviors or prevent overweight/obesity in children from socio‐economically disadvantaged families of high‐income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Lioret Sandrine , Harrar Faryal , Boccia Delia , Hesketh Kylie D. , Kuswara Konsita , Van Baaren Céline , Maritano Silvia , Charles Marie‐Aline , Heude Barbara , Laws Rachel
Published: November 2022

This narrative systematic review examined effectiveness of interventions during pregnancy and up to 2 years of age in improving energy balance‐related behaviors or prevent overweight/obesity in children from families experiencing socio‐economic disadvantage. We identified 24 interventions, from 33 articles, since 1990. Overall, despite their heterogeneity and variability in internal and external validity, there was some evidence of beneficial impact of interventions on obesity risk (4/15), and associated behaviors, e.g.: breastfeeding (9/18), responsive feeding (11/16), diet (7/8), sedentary (1/3) and movement (4/7) behaviors, and sleep (1/2). The most effective interventions aimed at promoting breastfeeding commenced antenatally; this was similar for the prevention of obesity, provided the intervention continued for at least 2 years postnatally and was multi‐behavioral. Effective interventions were more likely to target first‐time mothers and involve professional delivery agents, multidisciplinary teams and peer groups. Among ethnic/racial minorities, interventions delivered by lay agents had some impact on dietary behavior but not weight outcomes. Co‐creation with stakeholders, including parents, and adherence to theoretical frameworks were additional ingredients for more pragmatic, inclusive, non‐judgmental, and effective programs. The growing body of evidence on obesity prevention interventions targeting families experiencing socio‐economic disadvantage is promising for reducing early inequalities in obesity risk.
Dental negligence: Root cause analysis of an oral surgery expert Witness's experience
Authors: Causey Christine , Marley John
Published: November 2022

Aim

Clinical negligence claims are relatively common within dentistry and have added to the apprehension felt by dentists, particularly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Previous negligence claims provide an important source of learning for other dentists through identifying contributors to claims and ways in which these may be prevented in future. This paper looks at the key contributing factors to cases using root cause analysis (RCA) and suggests measures that might be put in place to help mitigate these factors in future.

Materials and Method

An RCA was undertaken of 30 negligence cases formally reported on by a single Oral Surgeon expert witness in Northern Ireland. Common contributing factors identified were stratified into groups and each factor was individually reviewed to identify potential changes to practice that may prevent similar cases in future.

Results

Five key themes were identified as contributing to complaints, and included, task, patient, communication, organisational, and dentist‐related factors. All cases demonstrated contributing factors from multiple themes highlighting the complexity of the work environment and that there are many areas where learning and safeguards can be implemented to reduce the risk of future cases.

Conclusion

Negligence cases and complaints are increasingly a part of healthcare, and the Covid‐19 pandemic is likely to have compounded this situation due to reduced capacity, access barriers, deskilling, and lack of hands‐on training. There are, however, many ways to manage and mitigate common errors contributing to cases, and we hope to have been able to highlight these and suggest how they may be avoided in future cases.
Odontogenic infection; a pain in the back…
Authors: Chana Pav , Nolan Suzanne
Published: November 2022

Discitis is an infection of the intervertebral disc space which can lead to a para‐spinal abscess, paralysis, significant neurological injury or other fatal complications if untreated. Published case reports have explored an association between dental procedures and spinal infections. However, the development of discitis and a para‐spinal abscess secondary to a dental infection, without a history of dental treatment, has never been reported before. We report such a case where the haematogenous spread of bacteria from a 64‐year‐old man's odontogenic infection was established as the probable cause of his discitis. He presented to the accident and emergency twice complaining of back pain, pyrexia, and tachycardia, he was subsequently diagnosed with discitis and a para‐spinal abscess. Both resolved following extraction of the infected tooth and long‐term antibiotics.
Between a rock and a hard place: Balancing the duties of political responsiveness and legality in the civil service
Authors: Bischoff Carina Saxlund
Published: November 2022

Civil servants play a key role in upholding the core democratic principles of majority rule and legality in daily government operations. Yet we know little about how civil servants balance these principles in practice—or why. This study asks and answers these questions by qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing Danish civil servants' responses to survey questions on dilemmas that force them to choose between their duty to be responsive to government and their duty to uphold the law. To explain their choices, the analysis draws on rational and sociological institutional theories of bureaucratic behavior. The results suggest that factors related to both rational self‐interest and socialization explain that as many as one in four civil servants choose responsiveness over legality. Formal organizational roles also predict their behavior.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in serine/threonine kinase 4 (STK4) deficiency: Report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Uygun Vedat , Keleş Sevgi , Daloğlu Hayriye , Öztürkmen Seda , Yalçın Koray , Karasu Gülsün , Yeşilipek Akif
Published: November 2022

Background

Serine/threonine kinase 4 (STK4) deficiency is a combined immunodeficiency (CID) characterized by early onset recurrent bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative therapy for CID; however, little is known about the necessity and benefits of HSCT in patients with STK4 deficiency.

Methods

We report two siblings with STK4 deficiency transplanted from two unrelated donors with the same conditioning regimen.

Results

In the conditioning regimen, rituximab was given on Day −11 (375 mg/m2), and sirolimus was added on the same day. Busulfan was administered at a myeloablative dose (3.2 mg/kg; Days −7 to −4) with 150 mg/m2 of fludarabine (Days −7 to −3). They were transplanted with peripheral blood stem cells, and graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was administered with 10 mg/m2 methotrexate on Days 1, 3, and 6. In addition, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was started on Day 1 with ongoing use of sirolimus. We did not encounter veno‐occlusive disease (VOD), high‐grade acute GVHD, or significant organ toxicity in either patient. Both patients were well at the end of the first year after HSCT with complete donor chimerism.

Conclusions

Serine/threonine kinase 4 deficiency is a disease with high mortality post‐HSCT; therefore, the conditioning regimen and GVHD prophylaxis strategies are important considerations in these patients. In our opinion, the conditioning regimen, which includes rituximab and busulfan and fludarabine (BU‐FLU), GVHD prophylaxis with sirolimus and MMF, and short‐term methotrexate, offers favorable outcomes and is well tolerated in our STK4‐deficient patients.
Risk of a blood donation contaminated with hepatitis E virus entering the blood supply before the implementation of universal RNA screening in France
Authors: Pillonel Josiane , Maugard Claude , Sommen Cécile , Figoni Julie , Pierre Chloé , LeCam Sophie , Richard Pascale , Morel Pascal , Gallian Pierre , Laperche Syria
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives

The risk of a blood donation contaminated with hepatitis E virus (HEV) entering the blood supply before introducing universal HEV‐RNA screening in France was estimated to assess the benefit of such a measure.

Materials and Methods

The results of selective HEV nucleic acid testing (HEV‐NAT) performed in mini pool of six plasma donations between 2018 and 2020 were extrapolated to the whole blood donor (BD) population after adjustment on three variables: regional establishment, sex and age group.

Results

Among the 246,285 plasma donations collected from 172,635 BDs tested for HEV‐RNA, 248 (10.1/10,000) were positive. The extrapolation to all BDs led to an estimated rate of 5.9/10,000 donations (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5–7.4) which would be positive to HEV‐RNA and a prevalence of 9.9/10,000 BDs (95% CI: 7.5–12.3). This prevalence was 4.4 times higher in males than females (16.8/10,000 vs. 3.8/10,000, p < 10−4). The highest prevalence was observed in males in the 30–39 age group (20.5/10,000) and the lowest in females in the 50–70 age group (2.8/10,000).

Conclusion

The risk of an HEV‐RNA‐positive donation entering the blood supply was estimated at 1 in 1682 donations. This risk does not translate directly to the risk of HEV transfusion transmission, which mainly depends on the total number of viral particles in the transfused blood component and the sensitivity of NAT.
Mental Health and Stand-up Comedy: ‘Unhappy’ Stand-up Comedy as a Reflection of Liquid Modernity
Authors: Pereira Ann Christina , Tyagi Sarika
Published: November 2022

Stand-up comedy reflects the dominant mood of a period with its philosophies, fears and prejudices. Today, an increasing number of stand-up comedians have started discussing their personal experiences regarding mental health issues, most commonly depression and anxiety. The aim of this type of comedy is seldom to elicit laughter. This paper aims to understand the climate that has led to the popularity of this type of comedy. The paper argues that ‘unhappy’ stand-up is a reflection of liquid modernity by studying the stand-up comedy of Daniel Fernandes, Neville Shah and Taylor Tomlinson. Zygmunt Bauman refers to liquid modernity as a society where nothing is permanent and boundaries are not fixed. The paper traces three main features of liquid modernity: anxiety due to “reflexivity of the self”; the evaluation of the exchange value of people, relationships and things, thus reducing human beings as commodities; and the disappearance of the boundaries between the private sphere and the public sphere. This study finds that ‘unhappy’ stand-up is a way for individuals disillusioned with their predicament in liquid modernity to channel their inner struggles and in the process cope with the process.
As Possibilidades da Tradução Jurídica, Seus Limites e Impactos nos Estudos Jurídicos Comparados
Authors: Campos Dutra Deo
Published: November 2022

O debate em torno da possibilidade da tradução jurídica é, recentemente, um dos campos de pesquisa mais interessantes e sofisticados dos estudos jurídicos comparados.  Marcado pela interdisciplinaridade e em profundo diálogo com diversos campos do saber exteriores ao direito, o campo apresenta pontos de reflexão que são de interesse para toda pesquisa científica jurídica, quer seja ela focada no direito interno ou internacional. Esta pesquisa possui como problema central questionar a efetividade ou não da realização da chamada tradução jurídica. Para isso, pretende apresentar duas hipóteses principais que se contrapõe entre os juristas comparatistas. A primeira delas é aquela que argumenta pela possibilidade da tradução jurídica ser realizada e aplicada de forma cientificamente rigorosa e eficaz, em que pese os limites encontrados nessa tarefa. A segunda, por outro lado, advoga pela impossibilidade da tradução no campo do direito tal qual é feita atualmente, defendendo que os prejuízos inevitáveis decorrentes de todo processo de tradução inviabilizariam a empreitada no campo do direito. Para responder ao problema em torno da questão, adotamos uma abordagem metodológica descritiva e analítica, à partir do método hipotético-dedutivo, privilegiando pesquisas qualitativas de cunho bibliográfico.
Numerical Investigation of the Fuel/Air Ratio Sensor Sensitivity in a Port-Fuel-Injected Spark-Ignition Engine Equipped With Three-Way Catalysts
Authors: Yang Ruomiao , Sun Xiaoxia , Zhang Yu , Fu Jiahong , Liu Zhentao
Published: November 2022

The internal combustion engine will continue to be the primary source of power for transportation. Spark ignition (SI) engines are still widely used for mobility due to their wide range of operating conditions. The key operating variables of an engine are primarily controlled by an engine control unit that has been calibrated. However, a less accurate sensor can lead to large variations in engine performance and emissions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of air–fuel ratio sensor precision during operation of various engines. In this study, a one-dimensional (1D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was used to analyze the engine response due to the variation of the equivalence ratio sensor precision at different engine speeds and loads, to explore the main indicators influenced by the precision of equivalence ratio measurements, and to propose a discriminant criterion for evaluating the suitability of the proposed equivalence ratio precision in relation to the conversion rate of three-way catalyst and vehicle emissions. The results show that for engine performance, it varies slightly with small changes in the fuel-to-air ratio. At higher engine speeds, a slight change in the air–fuel ratio leads to a smaller change in emissions. At the same time, changes in fuel-to-air ratio have a significant effect on carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. Carbon monoxide is the most sensitive to the air–fuel ratio, followed by nitrogen oxides, while unburned hydrocarbons are not sensitive to it. And for the three measurement accuracies studied in this paper (0.5%, 1%, and 2%), the accuracies are acceptable, but combining the relative errors of the actual emissions of CO and in order to achieve accurate combustion control, it is recommended that the sensor accuracy should be at least higher than 1% for the port fuel injected engine investigated in this study.
Parametric Investigation of a V-Shape Ribbed Absorber Tube in Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors
Authors: Altwijri Faisal , Sherif S. A. , Alshwairekh Ahmed M.
Published: November 2022

This paper reports on a parametric investigation of the thermal enhancement of a double-reflector parabolic trough collector when employing an in-line mixed V-shape (IMVS) ribbed absorber tube. Three heat transfer fluids (HTFs) are investigated, and a wide range of fluid inlet temperatures are studied. Various geometric parameters of the V-shape rib are analyzed to determine the optimum design of such a modification to the wall of the absorber tube. Results show that the HTF thermal oil Syltherm 800 is superior to the other HTFs that were studied. Results also show that a lower inlet temperature of the HTF leads to better thermo-hydraulic performance. The study provides a set of values for designing a V-shape ribbed absorber tube that produces optimum thermo-hydraulic performance. The optimum ribbed tube design shows a performance enhancement of about 64% compared to a smooth tube.
The Role of Compliance in Generating Traveling Waves on a Bio-Inspired Flexible Propulsor
Authors: Hess Isabel , Musgrave Patrick
Published: November 2022

Body and caudal fin fish, like tuna and eels, are classified on a scale of kinematic modes from thuuniform to anguilliform. What differentiates the thuuniform and anguilliform motion is the relative dominance of standing and traveling waves in their body’s deformation. The anguilliform swimming mode, where a traveling wave is propagated along the body length, is desirable for certain applications of bio-inspired underwater vehicles because of its low-speed efficiency and high maneuverability. In nature, anguilli form swimmers are more flexible and slender than thuuniform fishes. The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between body flexibility, fluid damping, and induced swimming kinematics in a bio-inspired propulsor. A nonlinear electro-hydro-elastic model was derived and a parametric study was conducted over different body stiffness. To find the relative strength of standing and traveling waves in the body deformation the steady-state response was analyzed using orthogonal decomposition. Traveling wave quality was dependent on excitation frequency and the presence of nonlinear fluid damping. A peak in traveling wave quality was induced at the natural frequencies due to significant nonlinear fluid loading. At the first couple natural frequencies, flexible beams had greater overall traveling wave quality, but stiffer beams exhibited a stronger nonlinear response. While future work is needed to examine the high frequency response of flexible structures, the frequency band which maximizes traveling wave quality may identify an optimal regime for passively flexible bio-inspired propulsors.