bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutralizing antibodies after the third COVID-19 vaccination in healthcare workers with or without breakthrough infection
Authors: Reinholm Arttu , Maljanen Sari , Jalkanen Pinja , Altan Eda , Tauriainen Sisko , Belik Milja , Skön Marika , Haveri Anu , Österlund Pamela , Iakubovskaia Alina , Pasternack Arja , Naves Rauno A. , Ritvos Olli , Miettinen Simo , K. Häkkinen Hanni , Ivaska Lauri , Tähtinen Paula A. , Lempainen Johanna , Kantele Anu , Kakkola Laura , Julkunen Ilkka , Kolehmainen Pekka
Published: February 2024

Background

Vaccinations against the SARS-CoV-2 are still crucial in combating the ongoing pandemic that has caused more than 700 million infections and claimed almost 7 million lives in the past four years. Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants have incurred mutations that challenge the protection against infection and severe disease by the current vaccines, potentially compromising vaccination efforts.

Methods

We analyzed serum samples taken up to 9 months post third dose from 432 healthcare workers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and microneutralization tests (MNT) were used to assess the prevalence of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants.

Results

In this serological analysis we show that SARS-CoV-2 vaccine combinations of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx1 mount SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies with similar kinetics, but with differing neutralization capabilities. The most recent Omicron variants, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5, show a significant increase in the ability to escape vaccine and infection-induced antibody responses. Breakthrough infections in thrice vaccinated adults were seen in over 50% of the vaccinees, resulting in a stronger antibody response than without infection.

Conclusions

Different three-dose vaccine combinations seem to induce considerable levels of neutralizing antibodies against most SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, the ability of the newer variants BQ1.1 and XBB 1.5 to escape vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody responses underlines the importance of updating vaccines as new variants emerge.
Circadian Clock Signals in Endocrine Glands
Authors: Tominaga Keiko , Okamura Hitoshi
Published: February 2024

Hormones secreted from endocrine glands relay circadian timing signals produced in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to the organs in the whole body. The SCN controls endocrine organs directly via the hypothalamic neuroendocrine system and indirectly via the autonomic nervous system. Hypothalamic neuroendocrine hormones, including corticotropin-releasing hormones and thyrotropin-releasing hormones, control pituitary hormones. Pineal melatonin, strictly controlled by sympathetic rhythms that intimately reflect circadian SCN rhythms, is released into the circulation and into the cerebrospinal fluid, regulating circadian and seasonal physiology. Adrenal glucocorticoids, regulated by pituitary hormones and sympathetic nerve activity, transmit central rhythmic signals to peripheral organs, and coordinate the timing of cellular metabolism in the whole body. Adrenal aldosterone, another hormone of the adrenal cortex, is rhythmically produced by cells in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and controls circulation rhythms to maintain blood pressure (BP). Thus, hormones are involved in the generation of 24-hour rhythms using a unique control system that corresponds to their function.
Disease Conditions
Authors: Cornelissen Germaine , Gubin Denis , Otsuka Kuniaki
Published: February 2024

Since clock genes are involved in all physiological systems, their role in most disease conditions is not surprising. To complement the information reviewed in Part II for each physiological system considered separately, this chapter illustrates the interdigitating network of interactions taking place within multiple physiological systems in any given disease condition. Circadian disruption, a common factor in disease, is almost inseparable from disturbed sleep, which is present in conditions ranging from psychological to cardio-metabolic and neurodegenerative conditions. Sleep disruption also modifies the immune system. Herein, we highlight the pervasive role played by the circadian system in pathology based on a few examples of selected disease conditions, including some sleep disorders, mental disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer.
Identifying and Interpreting Rhythms in Biological Data
Authors: Yoo Alexander , Anafi Ron C.
Published: February 2024

Methods for detecting and measuring biological rhythms have greatly expanded over the past decades, in parallel with the development of techniques that can collect tens of thousands of molecular measures. This chapter begins by outlining the challenge of finding and describing rhythms in noisy biological data. Using the measurement of RNA expression as a representative example, we characterize the noise and biases inherent in experimental data. We then describe the simple principles underlying several parametric and nonparametric approaches to identify rhythms in time course data, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each approach. The chapter then considers algorithms for characterizing changes in biological rhythms and moves on to methods for contextualizing and interpreting these rhythms using well-curated gene or metabolite sets. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on the emerging body of techniques developed for characterizing biological rhythms without time course data.
Development of Ru-polypyridyl complexes for real-time monitoring of Aβ oligomers and inhibition of Aβ fibril formation
Authors: Chen Xian , Wang Jiaoyang , Mo Zhenzhuo , Han Lu , Cheng Kaiqing , Xie Cheng , Liu Genyan , Jiang Lijun , Wang Kai , Pan Jie
Published: February 2024

Two Ru complexes, Ru-WJ and Ru-YH, were designed and synthesized to detect Aβ aggregates at an early AD stage. Ru-WJ and Ru-YH could quickly cross the BBB of young AD mice. Ru-YH can also inhibit the growth of Aβ.
Potential neuroprotective benefits of plant-based fermented foods in Alzheimer's disease: an update on preclinical evidence
Authors: Chen Jie-Hua , Yin Xuan , He Hui , Lu Louise Weiwei , Wang Mingfu , Liu Bin , Cheng Ka-Wing
Published: February 2024

Preclinical evidence suggests that plant-based fermented foods possess promising potential for the management of AD through modulation of oxidative stress, synaptotoxicity, neuroinflammation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and amyloidogenic pathways.
3D printed bioactive calcium silicate ceramics as antibacterial scaffolds for hard tissue engineering
Authors: El Hayek Joelle , Belaid Habib , de Saint Cyr Louis Cornette , El Chawich Ghenwa , Coy Emerson , Iatsunskyi Igor , Gervais Christel , Elango Jeevithan , Zamora-Ledezma Camilo , Bechelany Mikhael , Nakhl Michel , Voiry Damien , Miele Philippe , Zakhour Mirvat , Soussan Laurence , Salameh Chrystelle
Published: February 2024

VAT photopolymerization technology was applied to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) porous β-Ca2SiO4 ceramic scaffolds functionalized with graphene oxide (GO) sheets decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
Optical spectroscopic detection of Schottky barrier height at a two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide/metal interface
Authors: Chen Du , Anantharaman Surendra B. , Wu Jinyuan , Qiu Diana Y. , Jariwala Deep , Guo Peijun
Published: February 2024

All-optical pump–probe measurements can probe the interfacial energy barriers between metals and two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs).
Integrated copper host/current collector engineering for enhanced sodium storage in SeS2 electrodes
Authors: Chen Guanghui , Deng Chengjiang , An Qi , Song Haobin , Ma Liuyuan , Mei Peng , Huang Shaozhuan
Published: February 2024

Cu@CNT/SeS2 electrodes evolve into Cu1.95S/Cu1.8Se during cycling, enhancing battery performance by protecting Cu foil, inhibiting the shuttle effect and improving kinetics and stability.
Pillar[5]arene/albumin biosupramolecular systems for simultaneous native protein preservation and encapsulation of a water-soluble substrate
Authors: Sultanaev Vildan , Yakimova Luidmila , Nazarova Anastasia , Sedov Igor , Mostovaya Olga , Mukhametzyanov Timur , Davletshin Damir , Takuntseva Daria , Gilyazova Elvina , Bulatov Emil , Stoikov Ivan
Published: February 2024

Pillar[5]arene with l-phenylalanine fragments retains the native form of BSA. Betaine pillar[5]arenes recognize the specific pocket of serum albumin.
Unprecedented light induced aggregation of cationic 1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide amphiphiles
Authors: Antoneli Rafael G. , Moraes Thaisa B. F. , Junqueira Helena C. , Sihn Luca M. , Toma Henrique E. , Pedras Bruno , Ferreira Luís F. V. , Frath Denis , Bucher Christophe , Steed Jonathan W. , Demets Gregóire J.-F. , Triboni Eduardo R.
Published: February 2024

Naphthalenediimide amphiphiles (NDI-as) with quaternary ammonium groups (DC4, DaP, and DaO) display unprecedented UV light-induced aggregation in solutions of water, acetonitrile and THF.
Neuroinflammatory response on a newly combinatorial cell–cell interaction chip
Authors: Zhao Yimeng , Lv Xuefei , Chen Yu , Zhang Chen , Zhou Di , Deng Yulin
Published: February 2024

Neuroinflammatory response on a novel combinatorial cell–cell interaction chip.
Metal–metal cooperativity boosts Lewis basicity and reduction properties of the bis(gallanediyl) CyL2Ga2
Authors: Helling Christoph , Döhler Lotta , Kysliak Oleksandr , Görls Helmar , Liebing Phil , Wölper Christoph , Kretschmer Robert , Schulz Stephan
Published: February 2024

The superior basicity and enhanced reducing capability of the bis(gallanediyl) CyL2Ga21 compared to its monometallic counterpart LGa 2 is attributed to a synergistic interaction between the two GaI centres.
NHC-ligated nickel(ii) cyanoborate complexes and salts
Authors: Luff Martin S. , Walther Luis , Finze Maik , Radius Udo
Published: February 2024

The synthesis and characterization of NHC-ligated nickel(ii) cyanoborate (CB) complexes and salts is reported. The diverse character of CBs as weakly to medium coordinating anions is demonstrated, which dependents on the nature of the CB and the NHC.
Metal-free synthesis of propargylamines via light-mediated persulfate activation and phase-transfer catalysis
Authors: Zaragoza Cesar A. D. , Peagno Gabriel S. G. , Minguine Ana J. A. , Salles Airton G.
Published: February 2024

A metal-free method to synthesize secondary and tertiary propargylamines from primary and secondary amines and alkynes using light-mediated persulfate activation and phase-transfer catalysis is reported.
Preparation of polybutene-based thermoplastic elastomers through the copolymerization of 1-butene with higher α-olefins
Authors: Liu Chao , Wang Fei , Kang Yuze , Mao Xiaohui , Pan Li , Ma Zhe , Li Yuesheng
Published: February 2024

The comb-like structure composed of a crystalline main chain and an amorphous side chain endows the copolymers with both high strength and high toughness.
Compositional effects on structural, electronic, elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric properties of GaInN alloys: a first-principles study
Authors: Shen Xue-Peng , Lin Jian-Bo , Hu Rui-Yi , Liu Ya-Chao , Xu Lian-Qiang , Niu Hai-Bo , Xiao Xue-Feng , Wang Vei
Published: February 2024

Comprehensive analysis of compositional effects on wurtzite GaxIn1−xN ternary alloys by first-principles study. Observed nuanced deviations from Vegard's law, especially in the band gap, elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric constants.
Technical indicator enhanced ultra‐short‐term wind power forecasting based on long short‐term memory network combined XGBoost algorithm
Authors: Zheng Yingying , Guan Shijie , Guo Kailei , Zhao Yongning , Ye Lin
Published: February 2024

The growing integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid has introduced unprecedented uncertainty. Ensuring an appropriately scheduled reserve is essential to accommodate renewable energy's intermittent and volatile nature. This study introduces an innovative approach to ultra‐short‐term wind power forecasting, which relies on feature engineering and a hybrid model. The effectiveness of this proposed method is showcased through a case study involving a utility‐scale wind farm in Inner Mongolia, China. The findings indicate that the hybrid model, which combines the XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) algorithm and LSTM (Long Short‐Term Memory) network with KDJ (Stochastic Oscillator), and MACD (Moving Average Convergence and Divergence), achieves the highest forecasting accuracy. Specifically, the proposed model yields a normalized mean absolute error of 0.0396 for wind power forecasting. The modelling and forecasting process takes approximately 550 s. Furthermore, the suggested method is employed to predict wind power and wind speed for a wind farm in the USA. The experimental results consistently indicate that the proposed model maintains a dependable performance across various raw datasets; it is suitable for use in power system operations.
The radiative and dynamical impact of clouds in the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter WASP-43 b
Authors: Teinturier L. , Charnay B. , Spiga A. , Bézard B. , Leconte J. , Mechineau A. , Ducrot E. , Millour E. , Clément N.
Published: February 2024

Context. Hot Jupiters are tidally locked gaseous exoplanets that exhibit large day-night temperature contrasts. Their cooler nightsides are thought to host clouds, as has been suggested by numerous observations. However, the exact nature of these clouds, their spatial distribution, and their impact on atmospheric dynamics, thermal structure, and spectra is still unclear.

Aims. We investigate the atmosphere of WASP-43 b, a short period hot Jupiter recently observed with James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), to understand the radiative and dynamical impact of clouds on the atmospheric circulation and thermal structure. We aim to understand the impact of different kinds of condensates potentially forming in WASP-43 b, with various sizes and atmospheric metallicities.

Methods. We used a 3D global climate model (GCM) with a new temperature-dependent cloud model that includes radiative feedbacks coupled with hydrodynamical integrations to study the atmospheric properties of WASP-43 b. We produced observables from our GCM simulations and compared them to spectral phase curves from various observations to derive constraints on the atmospheric properties.

Results. We show that clouds have a net warming effect, meaning that the greenhouse effect caused by clouds is stronger than the albedo cooling effect. We show that the radiative effect of clouds has various impacts on the dynamical and thermal structure of WASP-43 b. Depending on the type of condensates and their sizes, the radiative-dynamical feedback will modify the horizontal and vertical temperature gradient and reduce the wind speed. For super-solar metallicity atmospheres, fewer clouds form in the atmosphere, leading to a weaker feedback. Comparisons with spectral phase curves observed with HST, Spitzer, and JWST indicate that WASP-43 b's nightside is cloudy and rule out sub-micron Mg2SiO4 cloud particles as the main opacity source. Distinguishing between cloudy solarand cloudy super-solar-metallicity atmospheres is not straightforward, and further observations of both reflected light and thermal emission are needed.
The effect of lightning on the atmospheric chemistry of exoplanets and potential biosignatures
Authors: Barth Patrick , Stüeken Eva E. , Helling Christiane , Schwieterman Edward W. , Telling Jon
Published: February 2024

Context. Lightning has been suggested to play a role in triggering the occurrence of bio-ready chemical species. Future missions such as PLATO, ARIEL, HWO, and LIFE, as well as ground-based extremely large telescopes (ELTs), will carry out investigations of the atmospheres of potentially habitable exoplanets.

Aims. We aim to study the effect of lightning on the atmospheric chemistry. We also consider how it affects false-positive and false-negative biosignatures and whether these effects would be observable on exo-Earth and TRAPPIST-1 planets.

Methods. We utilised a combination of laboratory experiments and photochemical and radiative transfer modelling. We conducted spark discharge experiments in N2−CO2−H2 gas mixtures, representing a range of possible rocky-planet atmospheres. We investigated the production of potential lightning signatures (CO and NO), possible biosignature gases (N2O, NH3, and CH4), and important prebiotic precursors (HCN and urea). Using the measured CO and NO production rates, we conducted photochemical simulations for oxygen-rich and anoxic atmospheres for rocky planets orbiting in the habitable zones of the Sun and TRAPPIST-1 for a range of lightning flash rates. Synthetic spectra were calculated using SMART to study the atmosphere’s reflectance, along with the emission and transmission spectra.

Results. Lightning enhances the spectral features of NO, NO2, and (in some cases) CO through direct production; whereas CH4 and C2H6 may be enhanced indirectly. Lightning at a flash rate slightly higher than on modern-day Earth is able to mask the ozone features of an oxygen-rich, biotic atmosphere, making it harder to detect the biosphere of such a planet. Similarly, lightning at a flash rate at least ten times higher than on modern-day Earth is also able to mask the presence of ozone in the anoxic, abiotic atmosphere of a planet orbiting a late M dwarf, reducing the potential for a false-positive life detection.

Conclusions. The threshold lightning flash rates to eliminate oxygen (>0.1%) and ozone false positive biosignatures on planets orbiting ultra-cool dwarfs is up to ten times higher than the modern flash rate. This result indicates that lightning cannot always prevent these false-positive scenarios.
The large-scale environment of 3CR radio galaxies at z < 0.3
Authors: Casadei Samantha , Capetti Alessandro , Raiteri Claudia M. , Massaro Francesco
Published: February 2024

The question of whether and how the properties of radio galaxies (RGs) are connected with the large-scale environment is still an open issue. For this work we measured the large-scale galaxies’ density around RGs present in the revised Third Cambridge Catalog of radio sources (3CR) with 0.02 < z < 0.3. The goal is to determine whether the accretion mode and morphology of RGs are related to the richness of the environment. We considered RGs at 0.05 < z < 0.3 for a comparison between optical spectroscopic classes, and those within 0.02 < z < 0.1 to study the differences between the radio morphological types. Photometric data from the Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS) survey were used to search for “red sequences” within an area of 500 kpc of radius around each RG. We find that (1) RGs span over a large range of local galaxies’ density, from isolated sources to those in rich environments, (2) the richness distributions of the various classes are not statistically different, and (3) the radio luminosity is not connected with the source environment. Our results suggest that the RG properties are independent of the local galaxies density, which is in agreement with some previous analyses, but contrasting with other studies. We discuss the possible origin of this discrepancy. An analysis of a larger sample is needed to put out results on a stronger statistical basis.
Radio surface fluctuations in radio relics
Authors: Domínguez-Fernández P. , Ryu D. , Kang H.
Published: February 2024

Recent observations have revealed detailed structures of radio relics across a wide range of frequencies. In this work, we performed three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical (3D MHD) simulations of merger shocks propagating through a turbulent magnetized intracluster medium. We then employed on-the-fly Lagrangian particles to explore the physical processes behind the origination of radio substructures and their appearance in high and low-frequency observations. We employed two cosmic-ray (CR) electron acceleration models, with a fresh injection of electrons from the thermal pool and the re-acceleration of mildly relativistic electrons. We used the relative surface brightness fluctuations, δSν, to define a “degree of patchiness.” First, we found that patchiness is produced if the shock’s surface has a distribution of Mach numbers, rather than a single Mach number. Second, radio relics appear patchier if the Mach number distribution consists of a large percentage of low Mach numbers (ℳ ≲ 2.5). Furthermore, as the frequency increases, the patchiness also becomes larger. Nevertheless, if radio relics are patchy at high frequencies (e.g., 18.6 GHz), they necessarily will also be patchy at low frequencies (e.g., 150 MHz). Then, to produce noticeable differences in the patchiness at low and high frequencies, the shock front should have a Mach number spread of σℳ ≳ 0.3 − 0.4. Finally, the extent of the patchiness depends on the Mach number distribution as well as the CR acceleration model. We propose δSν as a potential tool for extracting merger shock properties and information on particle acceleration processes at shocks in radio observations.
Heavy element abundances in galactic globular clusters
Authors: Schiappacasse-Ulloa J. , Lucatello S. , Cescutti G. , Carretta E.
Published: February 2024

Context. Globular clusters are considered key objects for understanding the formation and evolution of the Milky Way. In this sense, the characterisation of their chemical and orbital parameters can provide constraints on chemical evolution models of the Galaxy.

Aims. We use the heavy element abundances of globular clusters to trace their overall behaviour in the Galaxy, with the aim to analyse potential relations between the hot H-burning and s-process elements.

Methods. We measured the content of Cu I and s- and r-process elements (Y II, Ba II, La II, and Eu II) in a sample of 210 giant stars in 18 galactic globular clusters from high-quality UVES spectra. These clusters span a broad metallicity range and the sample is the largest that has been uniformly analysed to date, with respect to heavy elements in globular clusters.

Results. The Cu abundances did not show a considerable spread in the sample, nor any correlation with Na, indicating that the Na nucleosynthesis process does not affect the Cu abundance. Most GCs closely follow the Cu, Y, Ba, La, and Eu field stars’ distribution, revealing a similar chemical evolution. The Y abundances in mid-metallicity regime GCs (−1.10 dex < [Fe/H] < −1.80 dex) display a mildly significant correlation with the Na abundance, which ought to be further investigated. Finally, we do not find any significant difference between the n-capture abundances among GCs with either Galactic and extragalactic origins.
Astrochemical effect of the fundamental grain surface processes
Authors: Chen Long-Fei , Quan Donghui , He Jiao , Wang Yao , Li Di , Henning Thomas
Published: February 2024

Context. Thermal diffusion is one of the basic processes for the mobility and formation of species on cosmic dust grains. The rate of thermal diffusion is determined by the grain surface temperature, a pre-exponential factor, and an activation energy barrier for diffusion. Due to the lack of laboratory measurements on diffusion, prior astrochemical models usually assume that the diffusion pre-exponential factor is the same as that for desorption. This oversimplification may lead to an uncertainty in the model predictions. Recent laboratory measurements have found that the diffusion pre-exponential factor can differ from that for desorption by several orders of magnitude. However, the newly determined pre-exponential factor has not been tested in astrochemical models so far.

Aims. We aim to evaluate the effect of the newly experimentally measured diffusion pre-exponential factor on the chemistry under cold molecular cloud conditions.

Methods. We ran a set of parameters with different grain temperatures and diffusion barrier energies using the NAUTILUS astro-chemical code and compared the molecular abundance between the models with the abundance obtained using the experimentally determined pre-exponential factor for diffusion and with the abundance obtained using the values commonly adopted in prior models.

Results. We found that statistically, more than half of the total gas-phase and grain surface species are not affected by the new pre-exponential factor after a chemical evolution of 105 yr. The most abundant gas-phase CO and grain surface water ice are not affected by the new pre-exponential factor. For the grain surface species that are affected, compared to the commonly adopted value of the pre-exponential factor for diffusion used in the chemical models, they could be either overproduced or underproduced with the lower diffusion pre-factor used in this work. The former case applies to radicals and the species that serve as reactants, while the latter case applies to complex organic molecules (COMs) on the grain and the species that rarely react with other species. Gas-phase species could also be affected due to the desorption of the grain surface species. The abundance of some gas-phase COMs could be varied by over one order of magnitude depending on the adopted grain surface temperature and/or the ratio of diffusion to desorption energy in the model. Key species whose diffusion pre-exponential factor significantly affects the model predictions were also evaluated, and these species include CH3OH, H2CO, and NO.

Conclusions. The results presented in this study show that the pre-exponential factor is one of the basic and important parameters in astrochemical models. It strongly affects the chemistry and should be determined carefully. More experiments to determine the diffusion of grain surface species are helpful for constraining their properties.
Curvature in the very-high energy gamma-ray spectrum of M 87
Authors:   H.E.S.S. Collaboration:, Aharonian F. , Ait Benkhali F. , Aschersleben J. , Ashkar H. , Backes M. , Barbosa Martins V. , Batzofin R. , Becherini Y. , Berge D. , Bernlöhr K. , Böttcher M. , Boisson C. , Bolmont J. , de Bony de Lavergne M. , Bradascio F. , Brose R. , Brun F. , Bruno B. , Bulik T. , Burger-Scheidlin C. , Bylund T. , Casanova S. , Cecil R. , Celic J. , Cerruti M. , Chand T. , Chandra S. , Chen A. , Chibueze J. , Chibueze O. , Collins T. , Cotter G. , Damascene Mbarubucyeye J. , Djannati-Ataï A. , Djuvsland J. , Dmytriiev A. , Egberts K. , Einecke S. , Fegan S. , Fontaine G. , Funk S. , Gabici S. , Glicenstein J. F. , Glombitza J. , Grolleron G. , Haerer L. , Hofmann W. , Holch T. L. , Holler M. , Horns D. , Jamrozy M. , Jankowsky F. , Joshi V. , Jung-Richardt I. , Kasai E. , Katarzyński K. , Khatoon R. , Khélifi B. , Kluźniak W. , Komin Nu. , Kosack K. , Kostunin D. , Kundu A. , Lang R. G. , Le Stum S. , Leitl F. , Lemière A. , Lemoine-Goumard M. , Lenain J.-P. , Lypova I. , Luashvili A. , Mackey J. , Malyshev D. , Martí-Devesa G. , Marx R. , Mehta A. , Meyer M. , Mitchell A. , Moderski R. , Moghadam M. O. , Mohrmann L. , Montanari A. , Moulin E. , Murach T. , de Naurois M. , Niemiec J. , Ohm S. , Olivera-Nieto L. , de Ona Wilhelmi E. , Panny S. , Panter M. , Parsons R. D. , Pensec U. , Pita S. , Pühlhofer G. , Punch M. , Quirrenbach A. , Regeard M. , Reimer A. , Reimer O. , Ren H. , Reville B. , Rieger F. , Rudak B. , Ruiz-Velasco E. , Sahakian V. , Salzmann H. , Santangelo A. , Sasaki M. , Schüssler F. , Schutte H. M. , Shapopi J. N. S. , Sol H. , Spencer S. , Stawarz Ł. , Steenkamp R. , Steinmassl S. , Steppa C. , Streil K. , Takahashi T. , Tanaka T. , Taylor A. M. , Terrier R. , Tsirou M. , van Eldik C. , Venter C. , Vink J. , Wach T. , Wagner S. J. , Wierzcholska A. , Zacharias M. , Zdziarski A. A. , Zech A. , Zilberman P. , Żywucka N.
Published: February 2024

The radio galaxy M 87 is a variable very-high energy (VHE) gamma-ray source, exhibiting three major flares, which were reported in 2005, 2008, and 2010. Despite extensive studies, the origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission is not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigate the VHE gamma-ray spectrum of M 87 during states of high gamma-ray activity, utilizing 20.2 h of H.E.S.S. observations. Our findings indicate a preference for a curved spectrum, characterized by a log-parabola model with extra-galactic background light (EBL) model above 0.3 TeV at the 4σ level, compared to a power-law spectrum with EBL. We investigate the degeneracy between the absorption feature and the EBL normalization and derive upper limits on EBL models that are mainly sensitive in the wavelength range of 12.4 μm–40 μm.
The powerful lens galaxy cluster PLCK G287.0+32.9 (θE ∼ 43″)
Authors: D’Addona M. , Mercurio A. , Rosati P. , Grillo C. , Caminha G. , Acebron A. , Angora G. , Bergamini P. , Bozza V. , Granata G. , Annunziatella M. , Gargiulo A. , Gobat R. , Tozzi P. , Girardi M. , Lombardi M. , Meneghetti M. , Schipani P. , Tortorelli L. , Vanzella E.
Published: February 2024

Aims.We present a new high-precision strong-lensing model of PLCK G287.0+32.9, a massive lens galaxy cluster atz = 0.383, with the aim of obtaining an accurate estimation of its effective Einstein radius and total mass distribution. We also present a spectroscopic catalog containing accurate redshift measurements for close to 500 objects up to redshiftz = 6, including multiply lensed sources and cluster member galaxies.

Methods.We exploited high-quality spectroscopic data from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE), covering a central 3 arcmin2region of the cluster. We supplemented the spectroscopic catalog by including redshift measurements from VIsible MultiObject Spectrograph (VIMOS) and DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (DEIMOS). We identified 129 spectroscopic cluster member galaxies with redshift values of 0.360 ≤ z ≤ 0.405, andmF160W ≤ 21. We complemented this galaxy cluster member sample with 24 photometric members identified with a convolutional neural network (CNN) approach. We also identified 114 multiple images from 28 background sources, of which 84 images from 16 sources are new and the remaining ones have already been identified in previous works. From these, we extracted “golden sample” of 47 secure multiple images and used them, together with the selected cluster member, to build and optimize several strong-lensing models with the software lenstool.

Results.The best-fitting lens model shows a root mean square (RMS) separation value between the predicted and observed positions of the multiple images of 0.″75. Using its predictive power, we found three new multiple images and we confirm the configuration of three systems of multiple images that were not used for the optimization of the model. For a source at a redshift ofzs = 2, we found a cluster with an Einstein radius ofθE = 43.4″ ± 0.1″. This value is in agreement with previous estimates and corresponds to a total mass enclosed in the critical curve ofME = 3.33−0.07+0.02 × 1014 M⊙.

Conclusions.The combined application of ancillaryHubbleSpace Telescope (HST) imaging, VIMOS and DEIMOS data, and the new MUSE spectroscopic observations allowed us to build a new lens model of the galaxy cluster PLCK G287.0+32.9, with an improvement in terms of reconstructing the observed positions of the multiple images of a factor of 2.5 with respect to previous models. The derived total mass distribution confirms this cluster to be a very prominent gravitational lens, with an effective Einstein radius ofθE ∼ 43″. We were also able to construct an extensive spectroscopic catalog containing 490 objects, of which 153 are bright cluster members withmF160W ≤ 21, and 114 are multiple images.
Emulating the interstellar medium chemistry with neural operators
Authors: Branca Lorenzo , Pallottini Andrea
Published: February 2024

Context. The study of galaxy formation and evolution critically depends on our understanding of the complex photo-chemical processes that govern the evolution and thermodynamics of the interstellar medium (ISM). In a computational sense, resolving the chemistry is among the weightiest tasks in cosmological and astrophysical simulations.

Aims. Astrophysical simulations can include photo-chemical models that allow for a wide range of densities (n), abundances of different species (ni/n) and temperature (T), and plausible evolution scenarios of the ISM under the action of a radiation field (F) with different spectral shapes and intensities. The evolution of such a non-equilibrium photo-chemical network relies on implicit, precise, computationally costly, ordinary differential equations (ODE) solvers. Here, we aim to substitute such procedural solvers with fast, pre-trained emulators based on neural operators.

Methods. We emulated a non-equilibrium chemical network up to H2formation (9 species, 52 reactions) by adopting the DeepONet formalism, namely: by splitting the ODE solver operator that maps the initial conditions and time evolution into a tensor product of two neural networks (named branch and trunk). We usedKROMEto generate a training set, spanning −2 < log(n/cm−3) ≤ 3.5, log(20) ≤ log(T/K) ≤ 5.5, −6 ≤ log(ni/n) < 0, and adopting an incident radiation field,F, sampled in 10 energy bins with a continuity prior. We separately trained the solver forTand eachnifor ≃4.34 GPUhrs.

Results. Compared with the reference solutions obtained by KROME for single-zone models, the typical precision obtained is of the order of 10−2, that is, it is 10 times better when using a training that is 40 times less costly, with respect to previous emulators that only considered a fixedF. DeepONet also performs well forTandnioutside the range of the training sample. Furthermore, the emulator aptly reproduces the ion and temperature profiles of photo dissociation regions as well; namely, by giving errors that are comparable to the typical difference between various photo-ionization codes. The present model achieves a speed-up of a factor of 128× with respect to stiff ODE solvers.

Conclusions. Our neural emulator represents a significant leap forward in the modelling of ISM chemistry, offering a good balance of precision, versatility, and computational efficiency. Nevertheless, further work is required to address the challenges represented by the extrapolation beyond the training time domain and the removal of potential outliers.
Probability distributions of initial rotation velocities and core-boundary mixing efficiencies of γ Doradus stars
Authors: Mombarg J. S. G. , Aerts C. , Molenberghs G.
Published: February 2024

Context. The theory of rotational and chemical evolution is incomplete, thereby limiting the accuracy of model-dependent stellar mass and age determinations. The γ Doradus (γ Dor) pulsators are excellent points of calibration for the current state-of-the-art stellar evolution models, as their gravity modes probe the physical conditions in the deep stellar interior. Yet, individual asteroseismic modelling of these stars is not always possible because of insufficient observed oscillation modes.

Aims. This paper presents a novel method to derive distributions of the stellar mass, age, core-boundary mixing efficiency, and initial rotation rates for γ Dor stars.

Methods. We computed a grid of rotating stellar evolution models covering the entire γ Dor instability strip. We then used the observed distributions of the luminosity, effective temperature, buoyancy travel time, and near-core rotation frequency of a sample of 539 stars to assign a statistical weight to each of our models. This weight is a measure of how likely the combination of a specific model is. We then computed weighted histograms to derive the most likely distributions of the fundamental stellar properties.

Results. We find that the rotation frequency at zero-age main sequence follows a normal distribution, peaking at around 25% of the critical Keplerian rotation frequency. The probability-density function for extent of the core-boundary mixing zone, given by a factor of fCBM times the local pressure scale height (assuming an exponentially decaying parameterisation), decreases linearly with increasing fCBM.

Conclusions. Converting the distribution of fractions of critical rotation at the zero-age main sequence to units of d−1, we find most F-type stars start the main sequence with a rotation frequency between 0.5 d−1 and 2 d−1. Regarding the core-boundary mixing efficiency, we find that it is generally weak in this mass regime.
Implementation of Sasi which impact on the sustainability of ecosystem services in Maluku
Authors: Sahusilawane Maria M. , Sunardi  , Iskandar Johan
Published: February 2024

Sasi is one of the local wisdom from Maluku as a form of prohibition for the community in taking natural products based on a certain time that has been determined by the authorized customary institution in an area. However, local wisdom is often ignored and considered outdated in the development of environmental conservation programs. Whereas in practice, armed with local knowledge capital such as biological and ecological knowledge, indigenous people have been able to successfully protect potential ecological processes and regenerate various varieties of plants and animals that are sasi. In addition, Sasi implementation activities can also have an impact on local ecosystem services so that the sustainability of local communities can take place economically, socially, culturally, and ecologically. The purpose of this research is to find out the implementation activities of Sasi and the ecosystem services that are produced sustainably for the people of Maluku. The method used in this research is a systematic literature review. The results of this study show that Sasi implementation activities have a positive impact on ecosystem services in an area.
The potential of Yarrowia lipolytica in converting bioenergy resources: a preliminary review
Authors: Puspita Sari Meli , Lara Utama Gemilang
Published: February 2024

Yarrowia lipolytica, a yeast species capable of producing oil or oily fatty acids, has the ability to utilize multiple carbon sources, including glycerol, acetic acid, and glucose, allows for the use of inexpensive carbon sources. Waste cooking oil can be utilized as an alternative carbon source while also there is potential in increasing the oil yield due to the presence of glycerol compounds. The study aims to explore the potential of Yarrowia lipolytica in producing lipid based bioenergy from by-product such waste cooking oils. One of the greatest challenges that will affect life is our continued reliance on fossil fuels, which are still derived from petroleum and fossils. Fuel is not only the primary source of energy that has a significant impact on every aspect, but its sustainability remains the primary concern as we search for alternative solutions that can circumvent these issues. Using yeast lipids, specifically Yarrowia lipolytica, has not been investigated, in addition to producie biodiesel, this yeast can use waste cooking oil as a growth medium and produce lipids. The third generation of biodiesel uses microorganism-produced lipids, which is new and worthy of further research to solve the problem of unsustainable and environmentally unfriendly diesel fuel. Yarrowia lipolytica's ability to accumulate lipids, produce wax esters synthase enzymes, and FAEE/FAME still have great potential.
The relationship between soil bacteria carbon utilization and soil physicochemical properties
Authors: Khafida Wilda , Klimek Beata , Niklińska Maria
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to explore the relationship between carbon utilization pattern of soil bacterial communities and the soil physicochemical properties in temperate forest of Poland under two different climatic conditions. Ten different forest soils from three forest types (deciduous, mixed, and coniferous forest) were incubated in laboratory conditions in two temperatures: 10°C and 30 °C, through 8 months. The soil bacteria carbon utilization was investigated using Biolog® Eco plates. The number of carbon substrate decayed on Biolog® Eco plates declined after the incubation in all studied forest soils. The soil samples originating from deciduous forest which were highly distinct performance with others correlated to their soil properties which were also highly different. Several soil properties e.g. pH, C/N ratio, SOM and the relation with vegetation types were found affecting the carbon utilization by bacterial communities. However, in this study, the relation between soil bacterial communities carbon utilization with soil physicochemical properties is limited, as soil bacteria are characterized by the high ability to adapt.
Fracture sonography – Literature review and current recommendations
Authors: Ackermann Ole , Berthold Daniel , Fischer Christian , Grosser Kay , Hauenstein Christina , Kluge Sebastian , Moritz Jörg D , Tesch Christian , v. Kaisenberg Constantin
Published: February 2024

Purpose Over the course of more than two years, an expert group of 9 professional societies has created the S2e guidelines for fracture sonography. This publication summarizes the key points regarding the individual indications.

Materials and Methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 2000 to March 2021 with evaluation of the literature lists. Randomized controlled clinical trials, observational clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews were included. Guidelines, conferences, reviews, case reports, and expert opinions were excluded. Evidence was graded using the SIGN grading system 1999–2012, and the SIGN tables were then presented to the expert group. These were used to develop specific recommendations for the use of fracture sonography. All recommendations were discussed in detail and finally unanimously agreed upon.

Results Of the 520 primary literature sources found, 182 sources (146 clinical studies and 36 meta-analyses and systematic reviews) were evaluated after screening and content assessment. 21 indications that allow reasonable application of fracture sonography were identified.

Conclusion Ultrasound is a sensible, easy-to-use diagnostic method that is feasible for a large number of indications.
Increased off-target binding of [18F]florbetaben in the skull of women with reduced skull density
Authors: Hipp Noah , Young Kim Lea , Apostolova Ivayla Ilieva , Klutmann Susanne , Hardewig Iris , Koglin Norman , Gallinat Jürgen , Buchert Ralph
Published: February 2024

Aim To investigate the relationship between off-target binding of the amyloid tracer [18F]florbetaben (FBB) in the skull and skull density.

Methods Forty-three consecutive patients were included retrospectively (age 70.2±7.5y, 42% females, 65% amyloid-positive). For each patient, CT skull density (in Hounsfield units) and (late) FBB uptake in the skull were obtained using an individual skull mask generated by warping the skull tissue probability map provided by the statistical parametric mapping software package (version SPM12) to the native patient space. Skull FBB uptake (mean of the 10% hottest voxels) was scaled to the individual median FBB uptake in the pons. The association between skull FBB uptake and skull density was tested by correlation analyses. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) of skull FBB uptake with dichotomized skull density (low: ≤ median, high), sex (female, male) and amyloid-status (positive, negative) as between-subjects factors was used to assess the impact of sex and amyloid status.

Results There was a significant inverse correlation between skull FBB uptake and skull density (Pearson correlation coefficient -0.518, p < 0.001; Spearman rho -0.321, p = 0.036). The ANOVA confirmed the bone density effect on the FBB uptake in the skull (p = 0.019). In addition, sex (p = 0.012) and density*sex interaction (p = 0.016) had a significant impact. Skull FBB uptake was significantly higher in females with low skull density than for all other combinations of sex and skull density. Amyloid status did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.092).

Conclusion Off-target binding of FBB in the skull is inversely associated with skull density. The relationship is mainly driven by females. Amyloid status does not have a major impact on skull FBB binding.
Development and Validation of a GC-FID Method for the Quantitation of Δ
8-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Impurities Found in Synthetic Δ
8-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Vaping Products
Authors: Gul Waseem , Shahzadi Iram , Sarma Nandakumara , Kim Nam-Cheol , ElSohly Mahmoud A.
Published: February 2024

Concerns about health hazards associated with the consumption of trans-delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol products were highlighted in public health advisories from the U. S. Food and Drug Administration and U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Simple and rapid quantitative methods to determine trans-delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol impurities are vital to analyze such products. In this study, a gas chromatography-flame ionization detection method was developed and validated for the determination of delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol and some of its impurities (recently published) found in synthesized trans-delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol raw material and included olivetol, cannabicitran, Δ
8-cis-iso-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ
4-iso-tetrahydrocannabinol, iso-tetrahydrocannabifuran, cannabidiol, Δ
4,8-iso-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ
8-iso-tetrahydrocannabinol,
4,8-epoxy-iso-tetrahydrocannabinol, trans-Δ
9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 8-hydroxy-iso-THC, 9α-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol, and 9β-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol. Validation of the method was assessed according to the International Council for Harmonization guidelines and confirmed linearity with R2 ≥ 0.99 for all the target analytes. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 1.5 and 5 µg/mL, respectively, except for olivetol, which had a limit of detection of 3 µg/mL and a limit of quantitation of 10 µg/mL. Method precision was calculated as % relative standard deviation and the values were less than 8.4 and 9.9% for the intraday precision and inter-day precision, respectively. The accuracy ranged from 85 to 118%. The method was then applied to the analysis of 21 commercially marketed vaping products claiming to contain delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol. The products analyzed by this method have various
levels of these impurities, with all products far exceeding the 0.3% of trans-Δ
9-tetrahydrocannabinol limit for hemp under the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018. The developed gas chromatography-flame ionization detection method can be an important tool for monitoring delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol impurities in commercial products.