bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motivating Students to Learn How to Write Code Using a Gamified Programming Tutor
Authors: Grey Simon , Gordon Neil A.
Published: February 2023

Engagement and retention are widely acknowledged problems in computer science and more general higher education. The need to develop programming skills is increasingly ubiquitous, but especially so in computer science where it is one of the core competencies. Learning to write code is a particularly challenging skill to master, which can make retention and success even more difficult. We attempt to address student engagement within an introductory programming module by attempting to motivate students using a gamified interactive programming tutor application that provides immediate feedback on the student’s work. In this paper, we describe the design of the gamified programming tutor application, along with a related topology to characterize student engagement. We discuss the design of the software, the gamified elements, and the structured question design. We evaluate the engagement with the gamified programming tutor of two cohorts of students in the first year of a computer science programme, with over two hundred students taking part. We attempt to frame this engagement in terms of frequency, duration, and intensity of interactions, and compare these engagement metrics with module performance. Additionally, we present quantitative and qualitative data from a survey of students about their experience using the programming tutor application to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach.
Design of Low Probability Detection Signal with Application to Physical Layer Security
Authors: Li Lintao , Lv Jiayi , Ma Xin , Han Yue , Feng Jiaqi
Published: February 2023

In this work, we mainly focus on low probability detection (LPD) and low probability interception (LPI) wireless communication in cyber-physical systems. An LPD signal waveform based on multi-carrier modulation and an under-sampling method for signal detection is introduced. The application of the proposed LPD signal for physical layer security is discussed in a typical wireless-tap channel model, which consists of a transmitter (Alice), an intended receiver (Bob), and an eavesdropper (Eve). Since the under-sampling method at Bob’s end depends very sensitively on accurate sampling clock and channel state information (CSI), which can hardly be obtained by Eve, the security transmission is initialized as Bob transmits a pilot for Alice to perform channel sounding and clock synchronization by invoking the channel reciprocal principle. Then, Alice sends a multi-carrier information-bearing signal constructed according to Bob’s actual sampling clock and the CSI between the two. Consequently, Bob can coherently combine the sub-band signals after sampling, while Eve can only obtain a destructive combination. Finally, we derived the closed-form expressions of detection probability at Bob’s and Eve’s ends when the energy detector is employed. Simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER) at Alice’s end is gradually decreased with the increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in both the AWGN and fading channels. Meanwhile, the BER at Eve’s end is always unacceptably high no matter how the SNR changes.
A True Process-Heterogeneous Stacked Embedded DRAM Structure Based on Wafer-Level Hybrid Bonding
Authors: Wang Song , Jiang Xiping , Bai Fujun , Xiao Wenwu , Long Xiaodong , Ren Qiwei , Kang Yi
Published: February 2023

In response to the increasing manufacturing complexity/cost in maintaining DRAM advancements through traditional scaling, three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) and 2.5-dimensional ICs with Si interposers are known as promising candidates to overcome these challenges due to their advantages of low power, small form factor, high density, and high bandwidth. In this work, we present a true process-heterogeneous stacked embedded DRAM (SeDRAM) using hybrid bonding 3D integration process, achieving high bandwidth of 34 GBps/Gbit and high energy efficiency of 0.88 pJ/bit. Moreover, the critical factors of the SeDRAM design are presented (e.g., the low data movement energy, high-density physical interface, simplified protocol definition, process compatibility, density extensibility, and hybrid bonding connection fast test by DFT (design for test). Our results and design methodology have paved the way to realize applications of hybrid bonding to high bandwidth and energy efficiency DRAM. More importantly, the SeDRAM solution can also support the maximum storage density of 48 Gbit and the bandwidth capability of TBps. It can greatly alleviate the “memory wall” problem and thus improve its competitiveness in near-memory computing/computing-in-memory fields.
The Implications of Triple Transformation on ESG in the Energy Sector: Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Findings
Authors: Nitlarp Theerasak , Mayakul Theeraya
Published: February 2023

Digital transformation has emerged as a key driver of business innovation and growth in the 21st century. As organizations increasingly rely on digital technologies to operate and interact with customers, digital transformation has become an essential strategy for remaining competitive in today’s rapidly evolving business landscape. Simultaneously, the relevance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues has increased in the context of consumers, investors, and regulators, as the negative consequences of business activities on the natural environment and society become increasingly evident. In this research article, we examine the relationship between ESG and the triple transformation of business, people, and technology, as well as how organizations can use digital technologies to enhance their ESG performance. Our aim is to identify the principal drivers and mechanisms that shape ESG performance in the context of triple transformation and to investigate the trade-offs and synergies between different ESG dimensions. We used a mixed-methods approach combining fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the implications of triple transformation on ESG in the energy sector. The results showed that triple transformation has positive impacts on ESG performance, depending on the specific context and the interaction between different drivers and mechanisms. We suggest that energy companies that are able to effectively navigate the challenges and opportunities of triple transformation are likely to outperform their peers in terms of ESG performance. Our study contributes to the literature on ESG in the energy sector by providing a nuanced and dynamic view of the relationships between triple transformation and ESG performance.
Analysis of Selected Dielectric Properties of Epoxy-Alumina Nanocomposites Cured at Stepwise Increasing Temperatures
Authors: Dąda Anna , Błaut Paweł , Kuniewski Maciej , Zydroń Paweł
Published: February 2023

The paper presents the effects of gradual temperature curing on the dielectric properties of epoxy nanocomposite samples. Samples were prepared based on Class H epoxy resin filled with nano-alumina (Al2O3) for different wt% loadings (0.5 wt% to 5.0 wt%) and two different filler sizes (13 nm and <50 nm), i.e., two different specific surface area values. During the research, specimen sets were cured gradually at increasingly higher temperatures (from 60 °C to 180 °C). Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) was used to determine the characteristics of the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss factor in the frequency range from 10−3 Hz to 105 Hz. As a result, it was possible to analyze the impact of the progressing polymer structure thermosetting processes on the observed dielectric parameters of the samples. The nano-Al2O3 addition with 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, and 3.0 wt% resulted in a decrease in dielectric constant values compared to neat epoxy resin samples. The most significant reductions were recorded for samples filled with 0.5 wt% of 13 nm and <50 nm powders, by about 15% and 11%, respectively. For all tested samples, the curing process at a gradually higher temperature caused a slight decrease in the dielectric constant (approx. 2% to 9%) in the whole frequency range. Depending on the nanofiller content and the curing stage, the dielectric loss factor of the nanocomposite may be lower or higher than that of the neat resin. For all tested samples cured at 130 °C (and post-cured at 180 °C), the differences in the dielectric loss factor characteristics for frequencies greater than 100 Hz are low. For frequencies < 100 Hz, there are prominent differences in the characteristics related to the size of the nanoparticle and the individual wt% value. At a small nanofiller amount (0.5 wt%), a decrease in the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor was observed for frequencies < 100 Hz for samples with nanofillers of both sizes.
Influence of Battery Energy, Charging Power, and Charging Locations upon EVs’ Ability to Meet Trip Needs
Authors: Kempton Willett , Pearre Nathaniel S. , Guensler Randall , Elango Vetri V.
Published: February 2023

One year of high-resolution driving data from a sample of 333 instrumented gasoline passenger vehicles are used to create a trip inventory of U.S. vehicle travel requirements. A set of electric vehicles (EVs) is modeled, differing in battery size (kWh), recharging power (kW), and locations for charging when parked. Each modeled EV’s remaining energy is tracked while traversing the entire sample’s trip inventory in order to estimate how well each EV meets all U.S. driving requirements. The capital cost of refueling infrastructure is estimated per car, for gasoline and for each analyzed combination of charging station locations. We develop three metrics of the ability of different EV characteristics to meet trip requirements: the percentage of trips successfully met by each modeled EV, the number of days that the driver must “adapt” EV use to meet more demanding trip requirements, and the total driver time required for refueling. We also segment the market of trip patterns per car, finding that 25% to 37% of the vehicle population could meet all their drivers’ trip needs with a smaller-battery EV combined with community charging. This potential combination of EVs and charging would enable lower-price EVs and lower-cost recharging power, and would broaden EV availability to groups for whom today’s EVs and charging configurations are less accessible.
Lithofacies Characteristics and Their Effects on Shale Oil Enrichment: A Case Study from Shahejie Formation of the Qibei Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Bian Congsheng , Guo Bincheng , Pu Xiugang , Zeng Xu , Liu Wei , Li Yongxin , Zhou Kejia , Tian Qianhui , Ma Chao
Published: February 2023

The lithology and lithofacies assemblage of shale are highly complex and heterogeneous in the continental shale formations due to rapid changes in the sedimentary environment and source material, complicating the evaluation of shale oil enrichment areas, such as the member 3 of the Shahejie Formation in the Qikou sag, Bohaibay Basin, China. We used core observations and descriptions of well F39 × 1 and performed X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis to investigate the shale lithofacies characteristics and types in member 3 of the Shahejie Formation, and their effects on shale oil enrichment. The results showed the following. (1) The lithofacies are divided into four types according to the shale’s laminar structure, lithological characteristics, mineral composition, and organic matter content: thin laminar shale, thick laminar shale, massive mudstone, and argillaceous siltstone. These are divided into six subcategories. Each lithofacies has thin vertical layers. (2) The thin and thick laminar shale layers have favorable conditions for shale oil enrichment, such as a high total organic carbon content (TOC) (1.1–1.6%), many micropores (with the diameter of 0.5–2 µm) and fissures, a high residual hydrocarbon content (1.0–2.3 mg/g), and a good source-reservoir relationship, making them suitable for shale oil exploration. (3) The degree of lamina development influences the organic matter and residual hydrocarbon contents, the number of micropores, and the degree of shale oil enrichment. The semi-deep and deep lake facies are favorable areas for shale oil development.
Assessment of the Thermodynamic and Numerical Modeling of LES of Multi-Component Jet Mixing at High Pressure
Authors: Begemann Alexander , Trummler Theresa , Doehring Alexander , Pfitzner Michael , Klein Markus
Published: February 2023

Mixing under high pressure conditions plays a central role in several engineering applications, such as direct-injection engines and liquid rocket engines. Numerical flow simulations have become a complementary tool to study the mixing process under these conditions but require complex thermodynamic modeling as well as validation with accurate experimental data. For this reason, we use experiments of supercritical single-phase jet mixing from the literature, where the mixing is quantified by the mixture speed of sound, as a reference for our work. We here focus on the thermodynamic modeling of multi-component flows under high pressure conditions and the analytical calculation of the mixture speed of sound. Our thermodynamic model is based on cubic equations of state extended for multi-components. Using an extension of OpenFOAM, we perform large-eddy simulations of hexane and pentane injections and compare our results with the experimentally measured mixture speed of sound at specific positions. The simulation results show the same characteristic trends, indicating that the mixing effects are well reproduced in the simulations. Additionally, the effect of the sub-grid scale modeling is assessed by comparing results using different models (Smagorinsky, Vreman, and Wall-Adapting Local Eddy-viscosity). The comprehensive simulation data presented here, in combination with the experimental data, provide a benchmark for numerical simulations of jet mixing in high pressure conditions.
The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the Baltic Countries’ Agriculture: A Non-Linear Framework
Authors: Makutėnienė Daiva , Staugaitis Algirdas Justinas , Vaznonis Bernardas , Grīnberga-Zālīte Gunta
Published: February 2023

The development of a country’s economy is directly related to the use of energy in that country’s economic sectors. Therefore, the energy–environmental Kuznets curve (EEKC) is often used when analysing a country’s potential and challenges in sustainable development, green economy, and green growth. This hypothesis tests whether there is an inverse “U”-shaped relationship between energy use and economic growth and is especially important when analysing developing countries to assess if, at a certain point, energy use begins to drop, resulting in fewer greenhouse gas emissions, environmental degradation, and the consumption of fossil-based fuels. This study aims to examine the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the Baltic States from 1995 to 2019, with a focus on the agriculture sector. The study uses the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model for individual and panel time series. Total energy use, as well as electricity use, is included in the study, whereas gross value added is employed as a measure of economic growth. Research data analysis reveals that energy use in all three Baltic countries stabilises as gross value added increases. However, there is insufficient evidence to show that after a certain point, energy use begins to drop; thus, the hypothesis for the inverse “U”-shaped energy–environmental Kuznets curve (EEKC) is rejected. Research results have important practical implications regarding countries’ policies toward energy, including the use of electricity and sustainable development.
Anaerobic Co-Digestion: A Way to Potentiate the Synergistic Effect of Multiple Substrates and Microbial Diversity
Authors: Ferdeș Mariana , Paraschiv Gigel , Ionescu Mariana , Dincă Mirela Nicoleta , Moiceanu Georgiana , Zăbavă Bianca Ștefania
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the latest research in the field of anaerobic co-digestion related to the advantages of using different mixtures of substrates on the performance of the process and increasing its efficiency is reviewed. The main aspects presented in this review refer to the study of the most commonly used types of substrates, highlighting their characteristics, the diversity of microbial communities involved in the production of biogas, the applied pretreatments, and the possibility of obtaining an improved digestate as a secondary product. The main types of substrates used in anaerobic co-digestion are food waste, sewage sludge, animal manure, lignocellulosic biomass, algae, fats, oils, and greases. The data from the studied works demonstrated that the anaerobic co-digestion process improves the carbon/nitrogen ratio and nutrient balance, increases the process stability, and diminishes the concentration of toxic inhibitors. At the same time, the use of appropriate mixtures of substrates leads to an increase in the diversity of microbial communities, among which synergistic relationships are established that ultimately favor the growth of the methanogenic potential. Finally, based on the research results found, one of the main trends is the need to adapt technology to the type of substrate and the industry.
Photovoltaic Module Degradation Forecast Models for Onshore and Offshore Floating Systems
Authors: Mannino Gaetano , Tina Giuseppe Marco , Cacciato Mario , Merlo Leonardo , Cucuzza Alessio Vincenzo , Bizzarri Fabrizio , Canino Andrea
Published: February 2023

The degradation trend of photovoltaic modules depends on the technology, manufacturing techniques and climatic conditions of the site where they are installed. Longer useful life of the PV modules means that they will be able to produce much more energy than was used to build them; thus, extending the useful life of the modules is beneficial for the environment and increases the cost effectiveness of PVs. The problem of land use has prompted the development of agrivoltaic systems to exploit the same land both for the production of energy and for agriculture, and on water surfaces such as lakes and dams (floating PV). The exploitation of floating PV systems in onshore and offshore areas is currently under study. This constitutes an opportunity for which many factors must be taken into account; a fundamental aspect is the environmental impact, on which some recent studies have focused. Another aspect is the impact of the marine environment on PV system reliability and durability, due to the stress on operating conditions. The aim of this preliminary study is to evaluate the influence of the marine environment on the degradation trend of photovoltaic modules, based on existing models whose inputs are meteorological data from offshore locations. The results obtained from the application of a cumulative exposure model unexpectedly showed a lower degradation value in the offshore environment than on the mainland: −0.95% and −3% values of power decay, respectively. The absolute value of power decay in the onshore case is higher than the typical values because the used model has to be revised, as the empirical coefficients of the model have to be calculated according to the installation environment. The empirical coefficients used in the model were obtained in environmental conditions different from those under study. In the offshore case, the degradation estimated by the model does not take into account some environmental factors typical of the marine environment. Model adaptations calibrated with datasets of plants in environmental conditions similar to those analyzed would allow for greater accuracy in the results.
A New Tree-Level Multi-Objective Forest Harvest Model (MO-PSO): Integrating Neighborhood Indices and PSO Algorithm to Improve the Optimization Effect of Spatial Structure
Authors: Qiu Hanqing , Zhang Huaiqing , Lei Kexin , Hu Xingtao , Yang Tingdong , Jiang Xian
Published: February 2023

Accurate, efficient, impersonal harvesting models play a very important role in optimizing stand spatial structural and guiding forest harvest practices. However, existing studies mainly focus on the single-objective optimization and evaluation of forest at the stand- or landscape-level, lacking considerations of tree-level neighborhood interactions. Therefore, the study explored the combination of the PSO algorithm and neighborhood indices to construct a tree-level multi-objective forest harvest model (MO-PSO) covering multi-dimensional spatial characteristics of stands. Taking five natural secondary forest plots and thirty simulated plots as the study area, the MO-PSO was used to simulate and evaluate the process of thinning operations. The results showed that the MO-PSO model was superior to the basic PSO model (PSO) and random thinning model Monte Carlo-based (RD-TH), DBH dominance (DOMI), uniform angle (ANGL), and species mingling (MING) were better than those before thinning. The multi-dimensional stand spatial structure index (L-index) increased by 1.0%~11.3%, indicating that the forest planning model (MO-PSO) could significantly improve the spatial distribution pattern, increase the tree species mixing, and reduce the degree of stand competition. In addition, under the four thinning intensities of 0% (T1), 15% (T2), 30% (T3), and 45% (T4), L-index increased and T2 was the optimal thinning intensity from the perspective of stand spatial structure overall optimization. The study explored the effect of thinning on forest spatial structure by constructing a multi-objective harvesting model, which can help to make reasonable and scientific forest management decisions under the concept of multi-objective forest management.
Development of New Preventive Strategies for Pine Pitch Canker Caused by Fusarium circinatum in Irrigation Water and Evaluation in a Real Nursery Context
Authors: Fernandes Luís , Paiva Diana , Roxo Ivo , Fernandes Ana Rita , Ribeiro Dina , Ribeiro Henrique , Portugal António
Published: February 2023

Fusarium circinatum is one of the many threats to forests and Pinus nurseries all over the world, being classified as a quarantine organism by several organizations and governing bodies, such as the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) and the European Union (EU), with associated phytosanitary measures in place to prevent its spread through the various means of dispersal. One such means of dispersal is the water used for irrigation in nurseries, which can contain fungal propagules. Three different treatments, namely, Desogerme, Intra Hydrocare and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), were tested for their efficacy in eliminating F. circinatum spores in water at several concentrations. Those that showed 100% disinfection rates were selected for further assays regarding seed germination and water quality impact. From these studies, Desogerme 1% and Intra Hydrocare 4% were then selected for large-scale seed germination and plant certification assays in nurseries, where they showed promising results in regard to the prevention of infections in nurseries, and in this way, contribute to the efforts of mitigating this disease.
A Commented Review of Eco-Product Value Realization and Ecological Industry and Its Enlightenment for Agroforestry Ecosystem Services in the Karst Ecological Restoration
Authors: Yang Ying , Xiong Kangning , Huang Huiqiong , Xiao Jie , Yang Biliang , Zhang Yu
Published: February 2023

The achievement of eco-product value and the growth of eco-industry can boost the economic advancement of karst areas. The findings of a statistical analysis of 520 relevant studies reveal the following: (1) From a time series perspective, the amount of papers increase with each wave of research; (2) contents mainly concentrate on four aspects, namely, ecosystem services supply (8.46%), value accounting (10.58%), value realization (37.88%), and eco-industry (30.38%); (3) the study areas are primarily concentrated in Asia (85.96%), Europe (7.12%), and North America (4.04%), most of which are located in China’s karst areas with vulnerable ecological environments and regions that are aware of eco-product values; and (4) research frontiers are reflected through four aspects of the ecosystem, namely, services supply, value accounting, value realization, and the eco-industry. Based on the analysis in this paper, it can be concluded that paths, mechanisms, and models for eco-product value realization are still slow. Therefore, to support the growth of karst agroforestry ecosystem services, it is imperative to further research the capacity of agroforestry ecosystem services supply, value accounting systems, ecological compensation mechanisms, the value realization models of eco-products, and the formation mechanism of eco-industries.
An Analysis of Physiological Changes and Spectral Characteristics of Platanus occidentalis Leaves Infested by Corythucha ciliata (SAY) (Hemiptera:Tingidae)
Authors: Zhang Xinwei , Zhang Yan , Wang Mengxiao , Liu Yin , Wu Haiwei , Wang Kemei
Published: February 2023

Since its infestation was first discovered in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in October 2006, Corythurcha ciliata has become an important piercing-sucking pest of Platanus occidentalis. In this paper, the content of secondary plant products, nutrients, and resistance enzymes in damaged leaves of P. occidentalis was determined, and the leaves infested by different numbers of adults (0 head, 1–3 heads, or >7 heads) were tested via spectrum analysis. The results showed that the tannin content of the damaged leaves was 1.47 mg/100 g, which was higher than that of the undamaged leaves (1.20 mg/g). The tannin content in the control poplar (Populus × euramericana cv.‘74/76’) leaves was 0.2 mg/100 g higher than that in damaged leaves. The soluble sugar content in intact leaves of P. occidentalis (1.35 mg/100 g) was significantly higher than that of damaged leaves and poplar leaves. C. ciliata feeding can induce an increase in defense enzymes, such as peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, in host leaves. In the west and south part of the crown, 580–680 nm is a sensitive band for monitoring C. ciliata. The results of this study can be used to reveal the host-selection mechanism of C. ciliata and to explore new infestation-monitoring technologies.
Machine Learning for Data Center Optimizations: Feature Selection Using Shapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP)
Authors: Gebreyesus Yibrah , Dalton Damian , Nixon Sebastian , De Chiara Davide , Chinnici Marta
Published: February 2023

The need for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models to optimize data center (DC) operations increases as the volume of operations management data upsurges tremendously. These strategies can assist operators in better understanding their DC operations and help them make informed decisions upfront to maintain service reliability and availability. The strategies include developing models that optimize energy efficiency, identifying inefficient resource utilization and scheduling policies, and predicting outages. In addition to model hyperparameter tuning, feature subset selection (FSS) is critical for identifying relevant features for effectively modeling DC operations to provide insight into the data, optimize model performance, and reduce computational expenses. Hence, this paper introduces the Shapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) values method, a class of additive feature attribution values for identifying relevant features that is rarely discussed in the literature. We compared its effectiveness with several commonly used, importance-based feature selection methods. The methods were tested on real DC operations data streams obtained from the ENEA CRESCO6 cluster with 20,832 cores. To demonstrate the effectiveness of SHAP compared to other methods, we selected the top ten most important features from each method, retrained the predictive models, and evaluated their performance using the MAE, RMSE, and MPAE evaluation criteria. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that the predictive models trained using features selected with the SHAP-assisted method performed well, with a lower error and a reasonable execution time compared to other methods.
Cinnamaldehyde Decreases the Pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila by Inhibiting Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation
Authors: Li Shengping , Zhou Shun , Yang Qiuhong , Liu Yongtao , Yang Yibin , Xu Ning , Ai Xiaohui , Dong Jing
Published: February 2023

Antibiotics were the main fishery drugs for treating Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) infection, which would generate selective pressure and result in the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system provides a new alternative strategy against A. hydrophila infection. QS inhibitors can reduce bacterial virulence behaviors by disrupting QS, which has no effect on bacterial growth. Therefore, we studied the effect of cinnamaldehyde from a natural plant extract on the QS of A. hydrophila aiming to reduce its pathogenicity. The efficacy of cinnamaldehyde against A. hydrophila was evaluated from various aspects, including the effects on aerolysin, lipase, protease, swarming motility, biofilm formation, acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), and QS-related genes. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of cinnamaldehyde in vitro and in vivo was studied. The results showed that cinnamaldehyde could decrease the virulence phenotypes of A. hydrophila regulated by QS. Moreover, the transcriptions of related genes (aerA, ahyR, and ahyI) were downregulated following the addition of cinnamaldehyde. The in vitro and in vivo therapeutic assays show that cinnamaldehyde could reduce the aerolysin-mediated A549 cell injury and increase the survival rate of crucian carp infected with A. hydrophila. These results indicate that cinnamaldehyde would be a candidate QS inhibitor against A. hydrophila infection.
History of Polish Canidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) and Their Biochronological Implications on the Eurasian Background
Authors: Marciszak Adrian , Kropczyk Aleksandra , Gornig Wiktoria , Kot Małgorzata , Nadachowski Adam , Lipecki Grzegorz
Published: February 2023

The remains of 12 canid species that date back ca. 4.9 myr have been found at 116 paleontological localities. Among these localities, eight are dated to the Pliocene age, 12 are dated to the Early Pleistocene age, 12 are from the Middle Pleistocene age, while the most numerous group includes 84 sites from the Late Pleistocene–Holocene age. Some, especially older forms such as Eucyon odessanus and Nyctereutes donnezani, have only been found at single sites, while the remains of species from the genus Lycaon, Canis and Vulpes have been recorded at numerous sites from the last 2 myr. Ancient canids such as Eucyon and Nyctereutes had already vanished from Poland in the Earliest Pleistocene, between 2.5 and 2.2 myr ago. Poland’s extant canid fauna is characterised by the presence of two new species, which spread into the territory due to a human introduction (Nyctereutes procyonoides) or natural expansion (Canis aureus). Research indicates a strong competition between dogs, especially between Lycaon, Canis and Cuon, with a strong lycaon-limiting effect on the wolf between 2.5 and 0.4 myr ago. After the extinction of Lycaon lycaonoides, Canis lupus evolved rapidly, increasing in number and size, and taking over the niche occupied by Lycaon. In order to reduce competition, the body size of Cuon alpinus gradually reduced, and it became an animal adapted to the forest, highland and mountain environments. Generally, the history of canids in Poland is similar to that known of Eurasia with some noteworthy events, such as the early occurrence of Canis cf. etruscus from Węże 2 (2.9–2.6 myr ago), Lycaon falconeri from Rębielice Królewskie 1A or one of the latest occurrences of L. lycaonoides from Draby 3 (430–370 kyr). Predominantly lowland or upland in the southern part and devoid of significant ecological barriers, Poland is also an important migration corridor in the East–West system. This 500–600 km wide corridor was the Asian gateway to Europe, from where species of an eastern origin penetrated the continent’s interior. In colder periods, it was in turn a region through which boreal species or those associated with the mammoth steppe retreated.
Head Size in Phelan–McDermid Syndrome: A Literature Review and Pooled Analysis of 198 Patients Identifies Candidate Genes on 22q13
Authors: Sarasua Sara M. , DeLuca Jane M. , Rogers Curtis , Phelan Katy , Rennert Lior , Powder Kara E. , Weisensee Katherine , Boccuto Luigi
Published: February 2023

Phelan–McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a multisystem disorder that is associated with deletions of the 22q13 genomic region or pathogenic variants in the SHANK3 gene. Notable features include developmental issues, absent or delayed speech, neonatal hypotonia, seizures, autism or autistic traits, gastrointestinal problems, renal abnormalities, dolichocephaly, and both macro- and microcephaly. Assessment of the genetic factors that are responsible for abnormal head size in PMS has been hampered by small sample sizes as well as a lack of attention to these features. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between head size and genes on chromosome 22q13. A review of the literature was conducted to identify published cases of 22q13 deletions with information on head size to conduct a pooled association analysis. Across 56 studies, we identified 198 cases of PMS with defined deletion sizes and head size information. A total of 33 subjects (17%) had macrocephaly, 26 (13%) had microcephaly, and 139 (70%) were normocephalic. Individuals with macrocephaly had significantly larger genomic deletions than those with microcephaly or normocephaly (p < 0.0001). A genomic region on 22q13.31 was found to be significantly associated with macrocephaly with CELSR1, GRAMD4, and TBCD122 suggested as candidate genes. Investigation of these genes will aid the understanding of head and brain development.
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in a Portuguese Bronchiectasis Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Tinoco Eduarda Milheiro , Gigante Ana Rita , Ferreira Edite , Sanches Inês , Pereira Rute , Sá Rosália , Monteiro Regina , Sousa Mário , Pascoal Ivone
Published: February 2023

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare hereditary condition characterized by decreased mucociliary clearance of the airways and a compromised reproductive system, resulting in male and female infertility. Several mutations with varied clinical and pathological features have been documented, making diagnosis a challenging process. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical and pathological features of Portuguese patients with PCD and to examine their genetic variants. A retrospective observational analysis was conducted with patients who were being monitored at a bronchiectasis outpatient clinic in 2022 and had a confirmed or high-likelihood diagnosis of PCD. In total, 17 patients were included in the study, with 12 (66.7%) having PCD confirmed and 5 (29.4%) having a high-likelihood diagnosis. Furthermore, 12 patients were subjected to transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with 7 (58.3%) exhibiting one hallmark defect. Genetic test data was obtained for all 17 patients, with 7 of them (41.2%) displaying a pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutation in homozygosity. To summarize, PCD is an uncommon but significant hereditary illness with consequences regarding morbidity and mortality. Despite the lack of a specific treatment, it is critical to confirm the diagnosis with genetic testing in order to effectively manage the disease and its accompanying disorders.
Role of the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis: A Genetic, Epigenetic and Molecular Pilot Study
Authors: Gasperini Beatrice , Visconti Virginia Veronica , Ciccacci Cinzia , Falvino Angela , Gasbarra Elena , Iundusi Riccardo , Brandi Maria Luisa , Botta Annalisa , Tarantino Umberto
Published: February 2023

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates bone development and calcium homeostasis, suggesting a central role in musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoporosis (OP). Several studies have examined the contribution of VDR polymorphisms and epigenetic signatures in bone metabolism and OP risk, with sometimes inconclusive results. Our study aimed to explore the association between genetic variability, expression and the methylation pattern of VDR with the risk of OP in a cohort of Caucasian patients. Genomic DNA from 139 OP, 54 osteopenic (Ope) and 73 healthy (CTR) subjects were used for genotyping the rs731236 (TaqI), rs2228570 (FokI) and rs11568820 (Cdx2) polymorphisms of the VDR gene by an allelic discrimination assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of VDR expression levels and pyrosequencing analysis of a VDR promoter CpG island were carried out in a subcohort (25 OP and 25 CTR) of subjects. Data obtained showed a significantly higher OP risk for rs11568820 G/A and A/A genotypes (p = 0.05). qRT-PCR revealed lower VDR gene expression levels in the OP group compared to CTR subjects (p = 0.0009), also associated with both the rs11568820 A/A genotype (p = 0.03) and femoral fragility fractures (p = 0.05). No association was found between the methylation pattern of the region analyzed of the VDR promoter and its expression levels. Our results identify a significative association between Cdx2 rs11568820 polymorphism and OP risk. In addition, the VDR transcriptomic profile suggests a putative interconnection with OP progression, providing a useful tool to stratify OP phenotype and fragility fracture risk.
Prenatal Clinical Findings in RASA1-Related Capillary Malformation-Arteriovenous Malformation Syndrome
Authors: Coccia Emanuele , Valeri Lara , Zuntini Roberta , Caraffi Stefano Giuseppe , Peluso Francesca , Pagliai Luca , Vezzani Antonietta , Pietrangiolillo Zaira , Leo Francesco , Melli Nives , Fiorini Valentina , Greco Andrea , Lepri Francesca Romana , Pisaneschi Elisa , Marozza Annabella , Carli Diana , Mussa Alessandro , Radio Francesca Clementina , Conti Beatrice , Iascone Maria , Gargano Giancarlo , Novelli Antonio , Tartaglia Marco , Zuffardi Orsetta , Bedeschi Maria Francesca , Garavelli Livia
Published: February 2023

Pathogenic variants in RASA1 are typically associated with a clinical condition called “capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation” (CM-AVM) syndrome, an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by a broad phenotypic variability, even within families. In CM-AVM syndrome, multifocal capillary and arteriovenous malformations are mainly localized in the central nervous system, spine and skin. Although CM-AVM syndrome has been widely described in the literature, only 21 cases with prenatal onset of clinical features have been reported thus far. Here, we report four pediatric cases of molecularly confirmed CM-AVM syndrome which manifested during the prenatal period. Polyhydramnios, non-immune hydrops fetalis and chylothorax are only a few possible aspects of this condition, but a correct interpretation of these prenatal signs is essential due to the possible fatal consequences of unrecognized encephalic and thoracoabdominal deep vascular malformations in newborns and in family members carrying the same RASA1 variant.
Healthcare Resource Consumption and Related Costs in Patients on Antiretroviral Therapies: Findings from Real-World Data in Italy
Authors: Perrone Valentina , Dovizio Melania , Sangiorgi Diego , Andretta Margherita , Bartolini Fausto , Cavaliere Arturo , Ciaccia Andrea , Chinellato Alessandro , Costantini Alberto , Dell’Orco Stefania , Ferrante Fulvio , Gentile Simona , Lavalle Antonella , Moscogiuri Rossella , Mosele Elena , Procacci Cataldo , Re Davide , Santoleri Fiorenzo , Roccia Alessandro , Maggiolo Franco , Degli Esposti Luca
Published: February 2023

This real-world analysis conducted on administrative databases of a sample of Italian healthcare entities was aimed at describing the role of therapeutic pathways and drug utilization in terms of adherence, persistence, and therapy discontinuation in HIV-infected patients under antiretroviral therapies (ART) and Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF)-based regimens on healthcare resource consumption and related direct healthcare costs. Between 2015 and 2019, adults (≥18 years) prescribed with TAF-based therapies were identified and characterized in the year prior to the first prescription (index-date) for TAF-based therapies and followed-up until the end of data availability. Overall, 2658 ART-treated patients were included, 1198 of which were under a TAF-based regimen. TAF-based therapies were associated with elevated percentages of adherence (83.3% patients with proportion of days covered, PDC > 95% and 90.6% with PDC > 85%) and persistence (78.5%). The discontinuation rate was low in TAF-treated patients, ranging from 3.3% in TAF-switchers to 5% in naïve. Persistent patients had lower overall mean annual healthcare expenditures (EUR 11,106 in persistent vs. EUR 12,380 in non-persistent, p = 0.005), and this trend was statistically significant also for costs related to HIV hospitalizations. These findings suggest that a better therapeutic management of HIV infection might result in positive clinical and economic outcomes.
Low Back Pain in Cycling. Are There Differences between Road and Mountain Biking?
Authors: Garrosa-Martín Gerson , Muniesa Carlos Alberto , Molina-Martín Juan José , Diez-Vega Ignacio
Published: February 2023

Low back pain (LBP) is known to affect cyclists. This study aimed to describe perceived lumbar dysfunction and compare the pain sensation in recreational cyclists who practice road and mountain biking. Forty males were randomly assigned to carry out a 3-h road cycling (RC) and mountain biking (MTB) time trial (TT) at submaximal intensity. LBP and pain pressure threshold (PPT) were measured before and after the TT. A significant increment at the LBP was found after RC TT (p < 0.001; d = 2.61), similar to MTB TT (p < 0.001; d = 2.65). However, PPT decreased after completing the RC TT (p < 0.001; d = 1.73) and after MTB TT (p = 0.024; d = 0.77). There were no differences in the LBP evolution between both interventions (p > 0.01). Low back pain perception increases with cycling in recreational cyclists. Nevertheless, this increase appears to be more related to the traits of the cyclist than the modality practiced.
“New Balls Please”: Physical Load Imposed on Ball Boys during the Roland Garros 2022
Authors: Brandli Cedric , Svalina Filip , Veršić Šime , Novak Dario
Published: February 2023

The process of becoming a ball kid at the French Open consists of different stages of selection and training. Selection and training of the ball kids is organized by the French Federation of Tennis (FFT) and is intended to be an immersive and educational experience. A sample was made up of ball kids participating at the 2022 French Open (Roland Garros). For this study, 26 ball kids were analyzed during several rotations of their activity on the court with different durations (N = 26; age = 15.00 ± 0.84; height = 169.03 ± 9.62; weight = 52.26 ± 7.35). Each ball kid participated in several analyzed rotations (data entry N = 94). Two groups are analyzed: ball kids at the net and in the back of the court. The result of the statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the variables: meters covered per minute on court (t = 6.85, p = 0.00), total number of decelerations per minute (t = 8.39, p = 0.00), walking and jogging meters per minute (t = 4.68, p = 0.00), and maximum velocity achieved (t = 3.02, p = 0.00). Participating as a ball kid during a professional tournament presents a unique experience for young athletes. Young people that are participating can improve their fitness, social skills, mental abilities, and well-being due to requests for the ball kids’ duties during match play and out of play activities.
Creating an Implementation Enhancement Plan for a Digital Patient Fall Prevention Platform Using the CFIR-ERIC Approach: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Delaforce Alana , Li Jane , Grujovski Melisa , Parkinson Joy , Richards Paula , Fahy Michael , Good Norman , Jayasena Rajiv
Published: February 2023

(1) Background: Inpatient falls are a major cause of hospital-acquired complications (HAC) and inpatient harm. Interventions to prevent falls exist, but it is unclear which are most effective and what implementation strategies best support their use. This study uses existing implementation theory to develop an implementation enhancement plan to improve the uptake of a digital fall prevention workflow. (2) Methods: A qualitative approach using focus groups/interview included 12 participants across four inpatient wards, from a newly built, 300-bed rural referral hospital. Interviews were coded to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and then converted to barrier and enabler statements using consensus agreement. Barriers and enablers were mapped to the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) tool to develop an implementation enhancement plan. (3) Results: The most prevalent CFIR enablers included: relative advantage (n = 12), access to knowledge and information (n = 11), leadership engagement (n = 9), patient needs and resources (n = 8), cosmopolitanism (n = 5), knowledge and beliefs about the intervention (n = 5), self-efficacy (n = 5) and formally appointed internal implementation leaders (n = 5). Commonly mentioned CFIR barriers included: access to knowledge and information (n = 11), available resources (n = 8), compatibility (n = 8), patient needs and resources (n = 8), design quality and packaging (n = 10), adaptability (n = 7) and executing (n = 7). After mapping the CFIR enablers and barriers to the ERIC tool, six clusters of interventions were revealed: train and educate stakeholders, utilize financial strategies, adapt and tailor to context, engage consumers, use evaluative and iterative strategies and develop stakeholder interrelations. (4) Conclusions: The enablers and barriers identified are similar to those described in the literature. Given there is close agreement between the ERIC consensus framework recommendations and the evidence, this approach will likely assist in enhancing the implementation of Rauland’s Concentric Care fall prevention platform and other similar workflow technologies that have the potential to disrupt team and organisational routines. The results of this study will provide a blueprint to enhance implementation that will be tested for effectiveness at a later stage.