bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A column generation approach for the lexicographic optimization of intra-hospital transports
Authors: Bärmann Andreas , Martin Alexander , Müller Alexander , Weninger Dieter
Published: January 2024

Over the last few years, the efficient design of processes in hospitals and medical facilities has received more and more attention, particularly when the improvement of the processes is aimed at relieving the workload of medical staff. To this end, we have developed a method to determine optimal allocations of intra-hospital transports to hospital transport employees. When optimizing transport plans in hospitals, there are various optimization goals to strive for. Therefore, we used a lexicographic approach to solve this multi-criteria optimization problem. To calculate optimal transport plans in a sufficiently short computation time, we have decomposed the problem at hand with the Dantzig–Wolfe reformulation and solved the resulting pricing subproblem with an enumerative column generation approach. To improve the efficiency of the column generation process, we have investigated and implemented different pruning methods, dominance rules and a column reuse mechanism for the online setting of the application at hand. In an extensive computational study, we first evaluated the efficiency of the different pruning methods before we compared our solution approach with the standard branch-and-bound column search approach, classical column generation methods and the solution of an integrated MIP model solved by a commercial solver. Finally, we present performance indicators of the transport optimization tool, which was developed from our method and is now productively used in a German hospital.
Macular dystrophy in Kabuki syndrome due to de novo KMT2D variants: refining the phenotype with multimodal imaging and follow-up over 10 years: insight into pathophysiology
Authors: Vaclavik Veronika , Navarro Aurelie , Jacot-Guillarmod Alain , Bottani Armand , Sun Young Joo , Franco Joel A. , Mahajan Vinit B. , Smirnov Vasily , Bouvet-Drumare Isabelle
Published: January 2024

Background

Kabuki Syndrome is a rare and genetically heterogenous condition with both ophthalmic and systemic complications and typical facial features. We detail the macular phenotype in two unrelated patients with Kabuki syndrome due to de novo nonsense variants in KMT2D, one novel. A follow-up of 10 years is reported. Pathogenicity of both de novo nonsense variants is analyzed.

Methods

Four eyes of two young patients were studied by full clinical examination, kinetic perimetry, short wavelength autofluorescence, full field (ff) ERGs, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). One patient had adaptive optic (AO) imaging. Whole exome sequencing was performed in both patients.

Results

Both patients had de novo nonsense variants in KMTD2. One patient had c.14843C>G; p. (Ser4948ter) novel variant and the second c.11119C>T; p. (Arg3707ter). Both had a stable Snellen visual acuity of 0.2–0.3. The retinal multimodal imaging demonstrated abnormalities at the fovea in both eyes: hyperreflectivity to blue light and a well-delimited gap—disruption of ellipsoid and interdigitation layer on OCT. The dark area on AO imaging is presumed to be absent for, or with structural change to photoreceptors. The ff ERGs and kinetic visual fields were normal. The foveal findings remained stable over several years.

Conclusion

Kabuki syndrome–related maculopathy is a distinct loss of photoreceptors at the fovea as shown by multimodal imaging including, for the first time, AO imaging. This report adds to the literature of only one case with maculopathy with two additional macular dystrophies in patients with Kabuki syndrome. Although underestimated, these cases further raise awareness of the potential impact of retinal manifestations of Kabuki syndrome not only among ophthalmologists but also other healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients with this multisystem disorder.
Host and parasite identity interact in scale-dependent fashion to determine parasite community structure
Authors: Brian Joshua I. , Aldridge David C.
Published: January 2024

Understanding the ecological assembly of parasite communities is critical to characterise how changing host and environmental landscapes will alter infection dynamics and outcomes. However, studies frequently assume that (a) closely related parasite species or those with identical life-history strategies are functionally equivalent, and (b) the same factors will drive infection dynamics for a single parasite across multiple host species, oversimplifying community assembly patterns. Here, we challenge these two assumptions using a naturally occurring host–parasite system, with the mussel Anodonta anatina infected by the digenean trematode Echinoparyphium recurvatum, and the snail Viviparus viviparus infected by both E. recurvatum and Echinostoma sp. By analysing the impact of temporal parasite dispersal, host species and size, and the impact of coinfection (moving from broader environmental factors to within-host dynamics), we show that neither assumption holds true, but at different ecological scales. The assumption that closely related parasites can be functionally grouped is challenged when considering dispersal to the host (i.e. larger scales), while the assumption that the same factors will drive infection dynamics for a single parasite across multiple host species is challenged when considering within-host interspecific competition (i.e. smaller scales). Our results demonstrate that host identity, parasite identity and ecological scale require simultaneous consideration in studies of parasite community composition and transmission.
A comparison of the effects of thoracolumbar interfascial plane (TLIP) block and erector spinae plane (ESP) block in postoperative acute pain in spinal surgery
Authors: Dilsiz Pelin , Sari Sinem , Tan Kadir Berkay , Demircioğlu Murat , Topçu İsmet , Erel Varlik Kamil , Aydin Osman Nuri , Turgut Mehmet
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Spinal surgeries are a very painful procedure. New regional techniques for postoperative pain management are being considered. The present study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that the ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane (ESP) block would lead to lower opioid consumption compared to the thoracolumbar interfascial plane (TLIP) block after lumbar disk surgery. The study's primary objective was to compare postoperative total opioid consumption, and the secondary objective was to assess postoperative pain scores.

Methods

Sixty-eight patients who underwent elective lumbar disk surgery were randomly assigned to either the ESP block group or the TLIP block group. The current pain status of the patients in both the ESP and TLIP block groups was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at specific time intervals (30 min, 1, 6, 12 and 24 h) during the postoperative period. The number of times patients administered a bolus dose of patient-controlled analgesia, (PCA) within the first 24 h was recorded.

Results

In the ESP group, the total opioid consumption in terms of morphine equivalents was found to be significantly lower (ESP group: 7.7 ± 7.0; TLIP group: 13.0 ± 10.1; p < 0.05). The NRS scores were similar between the groups at 30 min, 1, 6, and 12 h, but at 24 h, they were significantly lower in the ESP group. Moreover, the groups had no significant difference regarding observed side effects.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the analgesic efficacy of both techniques, revealing that the ESP block provides more effective analgesia in patients undergoing lumbar disk surgery.
Analytical Estimation of Strain Energy Accumulation in Retreating Longwall Mining and Sensitivity Analysis Using the Orthogonal Testing Method
Authors: Agrawal Harshit , Durucan Sevket , Cao Wenzhuo , Cai Wu
Published: January 2024

Excessive strain energy accumulation in the coal seam is one of the essential conditions for rockbursts to occur. It is imperative to understand the parameters that affect the strain energy accumulation in retreating longwall mining to optimise the design and minimise rockbursts occurrences. In this paper, new analytical models were developed to calculate the strain energy accumulation considering the current state-of-the-art longwall machinery being used in the industry. Seven parameters, i.e., mining depth, length of the cantilever roof, coal seam thickness, thickness of the immediate roof, Young’s modulus of coal and the roof, and Poisson’s ratio of the coal seam, were identified as the parameters affecting the strain energy accumulation. A detailed statistical analysis of the parameters was conducted using the orthogonal testing method, which revealed that mining depth, Young's modulus of coal and the coal seam thickness significantly influence the strain energy accumulation within a 99% confidence interval.
Tumorassoziierte Epilepsie bei Gliomen
Authors: Böhm Vincent , Leibetseder Annette
Published: January 2024

Epileptische Anfälle stellen eine häufige und die Lebensqualität stark beeinträchtigende Symptomatik bei Patient:innen mit diffusen Gliomen dar. Im Vergleich zu höhergradigen Gliomen sind niedriggradigere mit einem höheren Anfallsrisiko assoziiert. Neueste pathophysiologische Forschungsergebnisse zeigen einen engen Zusammenhang zwischen neuronaler Überaktivierung und deren tumorproliferativen Wirkung und damit zwischen epileptischer Aktivität und Tumorwachstum. Dementsprechend gilt als therapeutischer Ansatz der hirntumorassoziierten Epilepsie, die Tumormasse bestmöglich zu reduzieren und eine adäquate anfallssuppressive Medikation (ASM) zu etablieren. Insbesondere die operative Entfernung, aber auch eine Radiotherapie und/oder Chemotherapie können die Häufigkeit epileptischer Anfälle günstig beeinflussen. Die Wahl der ASM richtet sich nach verschiedenen Faktoren wie Anfallsart, Wirkmechanismus, Komorbiditäten und Nebenwirkungsprofil. In Monotherapie stellt Levetiracetam im europäischen Raum derzeit das beliebteste ASM dar. Auf die Gabe von ASM der ersten Generation sollte aufgrund starker enzymmodulierender Effekte möglichst verzichtet werden. Eine abschließende Bewertung möglicher antiproliferativer Effekte von ASM mit hemmendem Einfluss auf das Tumorwachstum lässt die derzeitige Studienlage nicht zu.

Die Dauer der Behandlung wie auch der Zeitpunkt der Beendigung einer ASM bei Gliompatient:innen unterliegt einer strengen Nutzen/-Risikoabwägung und ist individuell zu treffen.

Direkte Vergleichsstudien einzelner ASM wie auch detaillierte Register mit Auflistung der gewählten (Kombinations‑)Therapien sollten zukünftig forciert werden, um eine bessere Bewertung von Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit im Einsatz bei der hirntumorassoziierten Epilepsie zu ermöglichen.
Practical relevance of charge transfer resistance at the Li metal electrode|electrolyte interface in batteries?
Authors: Stolz Lukas , Winter Martin , Kasnatscheew Johannes
Published: January 2024

The theoretically possible energy and power densities of rechargeable batteries are practically limited by resistances as these lead to overvoltages, particularly pronounced at kinetically harsher conditions, i.e., high currents and/or low temperature. Charge transfer resistance (Rct), being a major type of resistance alongside with Ohmic (RΩ) and mass transport (Rmt), is related with the activation hindrance of electrochemical reactions. Its practical relevance is discussed within this work via analyzing $$\mathrm{Li}\mid \,\, \mid\mathrm{Li}$$

Li
∣

∣
Li

 cells with the galvanostatic/constant current (CC) technique. Rct at Li|electrolyte interfaces is shown to be relevantly impacted by electrode–electrolyte interphases; implying the electrolyte type, as well. While solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), e.g., based on poly(ethylene) oxide (PEO), show negligible Rct, it is evident for commercial liquid electrolytes and readily increase during storage. Given the asymptotic overvoltage vs. current behavior of Rct, obeying Butler-Volmer equation, Rct gets less relevant at enhanced currents, as experimentally validated, finally pointing to the dominance of RΩ and (depending on system) Rmt in the overall resistance.

Graphical Abstract
Sex-dependent different clinicopathological characterization of Epstein–Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma: a large-scale study
Authors: Kim Ji-Hyun , Kim Nayoung , Song Du Hyun , Choi Yonghoon , Jeon Eun-Bi , Kim Sihyun , Jun Yu Kyung , Yoon Hyuk , Shin Cheol Min , Park Young Soo , Lee Dong Ho , Oh Hyeon Jeong , Lee Hye Seung , Park Young Suk , Ahn Sang-Hoon , Suh Yun-Suhk , Park Do Joong , Kim Hyung Ho , Kim Ji-Won , Kim Jin Won , Lee Keun-Wook , Chang Won , Park Ji Hoon , Lee Yoon Jin , Lee Kyoung Ho , Kim Young Hoon , Ahn Soyeon
Published: January 2024

Background

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) has been reported to account for approximately 5–16% of all GCs with good prognosis compared to EBV-negative GC. We evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of EBVaGC including survival rate in South Korea.

Methods

A total of 4,587 patients with GC who underwent EBV in situ hybridization (EBV–ISH) were prospectively enrolled at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from 2003 to 2021. Age, sex, smoking status, cancer type and stage, tumor size and location, histological type, molecular features and survival information were analyzed.

Results

A total of 456 patients with GC (9.9%) were positive for EBV. The EBVaGC group displayed a higher proportion of males (P < 0.001), a predominant presence in the proximal stomach (P < 0.001), a higher proportion of undifferentiated cancer (P < 0.001), and a lower cancer stage (P = 0.004) than the EBV-negative group. Cox multivariate analyses revealed age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.025, P < 0.001), tumor size (HR = 1.109, P < 0.001), and cancer stage (stage2 HR = 4.761, P < 0.001; stage3 HR = 13.286, P < 0.001; stage4 HR = 42.528, P < 0.001) as significant risk factors for GC-specific mortality, whereas EBV positivity was inversely correlated (HR = 0.620, P = 0.022). Furthermore, the EBVaGC group displayed statistically significant survival advantages over the EBV-negative cancer group in terms of both overall (P = 0.021) and GC-specific survival (P = 0.007) on the Kaplan–Meier survival curve. However, this effect was evident only in males.

Conclusions

EBVaGC patients showed better prognoses despite their association with proximal location and poorly differentiated histology in male, probably due to the difference in immunity between males and females.
Using Artificial Intelligence to Predict Intracranial Hypertension in Patients After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Hal S. T. , van der Jagt M. , van Genderen M. E. , Gommers D. , Veenland J. F.
Published: January 2024

Intracranial hypertension (IH) is a key driver of secondary brain injury in patients with traumatic brain injury. Lowering intracranial pressure (ICP) as soon as IH occurs is important, but a preemptive approach would be more beneficial. We systematically reviewed the artificial intelligence (AI) models, variables, performances, risks of bias, and clinical machine learning (ML) readiness levels of IH prediction models using AI. We conducted a systematic search until 12-03-2023 in three databases. Only studies predicting IH or ICP in patients with traumatic brain injury with a validation of the AI model were included. We extracted type of AI model, prediction variables, model performance, validation type, and prediction window length. Risk of bias was assessed with the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool, and we determined the clinical ML readiness level. Eleven out of 399 nonduplicate publications were included. A gaussian processes model using ICP and mean arterial pressure was most common. The maximum reported area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.94. Four studies conducted external validation, and one study a prospective clinical validation. The prediction window length preceding IH varied between 30 and 60 min. Most studies (73%) had high risk of bias. The highest clinical ML readiness level was 6 of 9, indicating “real-time model testing” stage in one study. Several IH prediction models using AI performed well, were externally validated, and appeared ready to be tested in the clinical workflow (clinical ML readiness level 5 of 9). A Gaussian processes model was most used, and ICP and mean arterial pressure were frequently used variables. However, most studies showed a high risk of bias. Our findings may help position AI for IH prediction on the path to ultimate clinical integration and thereby guide researchers plan and design future studies.
Biochar: a high performance and renewable basic carbocatalyst for facilitating room temperature synthesis of 4H-benzo[h]chromene and pyranopyrazoles in water
Authors: Khalili Dariush , Ramjerdi Ali Asghar , Boostani Hamid Reza , Ghaderi Arash
Published: January 2024

This study has introduced a pioneering methodology by employing biochars as  a basic carbocatalyst in the context of multicomponent reactions. Biochars were produced from different manures and organic wastes using the pyrolysis-carbonization process under limited oxygen conditions. The prepared biochars were well characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The chemical characteristics and potentiometric titration analysis provide compelling evidence of the intriguing basicity properties exhibited by the prepared biochars. The pH values, ash content, and potentiometric titration results confirmed the exceptional basicity characteristics of cow manure biochar formed at 600 oC (CB600), establishing it as the most basic carbocatalyst in this study. Encouraged by these initial results, the activity of the biochars as basic carbocatalysts was evaluated in multicomponent synthesis of 4H-benzo[h]chromene and pyranopyrazoles and 600 °C exhibited the most pronounced catalytic performance owing to its superior total basicity. By these findings, it can be asserted that this work introduces the groundbreaking application of biochars as potent basic carbocatalysts for the multicomponent synthesis of structurally diverse heterocycles. Unveiling the vital basic role of biochars will definitely open up new opportunities in organic chemistry and provide salient features for environmentally-friendly chemistry, including easy retrieval, non-toxicity, and widespread accessibility.

Graphical Abstract
Data-Based Energy Demand Prediction for Hybrid Electrical Vehicles
Authors: Fink Daniel , Maas Oliver , Herda Daniel , Ziaukas Zygimantas , Schweers Christoph , Trabelsi Ahmed , Jacob Hans-Georg
Published: January 2024

To achieve a resource-efficient automotive traffic, modern driver assistance systems minimize the vehicle’s energy demand through speed optimization algorithms. Based on predictive route data, the required energy for upcoming operation points has to be determined. This paper presents a method to predict the energy demand of a hybrid electrical vehicle. Within this method, data-based approaches, such as neural networks, Gaussian processes, and look-up tables, are applied and assessed regarding their ability to predict the behavior of separate powertrain parts. The applied approaches are trained using measured data of a test vehicle. As a result, for every separate powertrain part, the best-suited data-based approach is selected to obtain an optimal energy demand prediction method. On a validation data set, this method is able to predict the transmission ratio of the gearbox causing a rmse of 0.426. The combustion engine’s torque prediction results in an rmse of 19.01 Nm and the electric motor torque prediction to 19.11 Nm. The root mean square error of the motor voltage results to 1.211 V.
Robotics in Healthcare: A Survey
Authors: Silvera-Tawil David
Published: January 2024

Research and innovation in the area of robotics in healthcare has seen significant growth in recent years. Global trends indicate that patients are getting older and sicker, while demands in healthcare workers are increasing their chance of injury. Robotic technology has the potential to enable high levels of patient care, clinical productivity and safety for both patients and healthcare workers. This paper surveys the state-of-the-art in robotics in healthcare and well-being, with particular attention to the key barriers and enablers to the implementation of this technology in real-world settings. Desktop research was used to identify available and emerging robotic technology currently in use (or with potential use) in healthcare settings. Primary sources of information included: academic publications, international organisations, commercial websites and online news agencies. In this paper, applications of robots in healthcare were divided into five main areas: service, assistive, socially-assistive, teleoperated and interventional robots. The maturity and readiness of different products is still an open challenge, with service and interventional robots leading the way. Wide-spread adoption of robots is likely to happen as the cost of the technology reduces, and wide evidence of beneficial long-term impact is available. This manuscript identified the main drivers, challenges, opportunities and considerations for implementing robots in healthcare. We hope this manuscript will raise awareness about robotics in healthcare among a wider audience to maximise availability, quality, and acceptability this technology.
Internet of things sensors and support vector machine integrated intelligent irrigation system for agriculture industry
Authors: Kumar G. Kranthi , Bangare Manoj L. , Bangare Pushpa M. , Kumar Chanda Raj , Raj Roop , Arias-Gonzáles José Luis , Omarov Batyrkhan , Mia Md. Solaiman
Published: January 2024

Because there is more demand for freshwater around the world and the world’s population is growing at the same time, there is a severe lack of freshwater resources in the central part of the planet. The world’s current population of 7.2 billion people is expected to grow to over 9 billion by the year 2050. The vast majority of freshwater is used for things like cooking, cleaning, and farming. Most industrialised countries are in desperate need of smart irrigation systems, which are now a must-have because of how quickly technology is improving. In article presents IoT based Sensor integrated intelligent irrigation system for agriculture industry. IoT based humidity and soil sensors are used to collect soil related data. This data is stored in a centralized cloud. Features are selected by CFS algorithm. This will help in discarding irrelevant data. Clustering of data is performed by K means algorithm. This will help in keeping similar data together. Then classification model is build using the SVM, Random Forest and Naïve Bayes algorithm. Model is trained, validated and tested using the acquired data. Historical soil and humidity related data is also used in training the model. K-means SVM hybrid classifier is achieving better results for classification, prediction of water demand and saving fresh water by intelligent irrigation. K-means SVM hybrid classifier has achieved accuracy rate of 98.5 percent. Specificity, recall and precision of K-means SVM hybrid classifier is also higher than random forest and naïve bayes classifier.
Imaging Patterns in Breast Cancer for Women Under 40 Years: A Descriptive Cohort Study
Authors: Alhaidary Amal A. , Al-Qudimat Ahmad R. , Arabi Haitham , Al-Zoubi Raed M.
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim

Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring malignant disease in women and remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among females worldwide. The aim of this study is to evaluate the imaging findings of breast cancer in women under the age of 40 and analyze their pathological patterns.

Method

A retrospective study was conducted from 2013 to 2019, involving 120 patients below 40 years of age with pathologically confirmed primary epithelial breast cancers. The data were collected from the electronic records of a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Mammograms were performed for 115 patients, ultrasounds were conducted for all patients, and MRI scans were carried out for 47 patients.

Results

All radiological findings and clinical characteristics of the 120 cases were retrieved from our digital-based system. The majority of breast cancer patients (83.4%) were between 30 and 40 years old, and the most common clinical presentation was a mass (45.8%). Out of the 73 patients who underwent genetic tests, 32.9% tested positive for gene mutations. No statistically significant correlation was found between specific age groups and breast composition (P = 0.216), specific mammogram abnormalities such as masses (P = 0.262), or microcalcifications (P = 0.421). Ultrasonography was performed for all patients, with abnormalities detected in only one patient who was diagnosed with Paget’s disease of the nipple. Masses, with or without parenchymal changes, were the predominant feature in 88.3% of cases.

Conclusion

The imaging findings in breast cancer cases typically involve masses with suspicious features, irregular shape, and spiculated margins on mammograms, and irregular shape with microlobulated or angular margins on ultrasound. MRI features commonly include masses with irregular shape and heterogeneous enhancement. The luminal B subtype was identified as the most prevalent pathological feature, characterized by a high proliferative index (Ki-67%).

Graphical Abstract
Purpose and Power
Authors: Stoker Donald
Published: January 2024

Across the full span of the nation's history, Donald Stoker challenges our understanding of the purposes and uses of American power. From the struggle for independence to the era of renewed competition with China and Russia, he reveals the grand strategies underpinning the nation's pursuit of sovereignty, security, expansion, and democracy abroad. He shows how successive administrations have projected diplomatic, military, and economic power, and mobilized ideas and information to preserve American freedoms at home and secure US aims abroad. He exposes the myth of American isolationism, the good and ill of America's quest for democracy overseas, and how too often its administrations have lacked clear political aims or a concrete vision for where they want to go. Understanding this history is vital if America is to relearn how to use its power to meet the challenges ahead and to think more clearly about political aims and grand strategy.
Netanyahu vs The Generals
Authors: Ziv Guy
Published: January 2024

Benjamin Netanyahu has carefully cultivated a self-image as Israel's 'Mr. Security' during his decades of political activity. His reputation as a security-minded leader has resonated with large swathes of the Israeli public, enabling him to become Israel's longest-serving prime minister. Yet the Israeli security community has long questioned Netanyahu's approach to national security. The Netanyahu era has seen unprecedented civil-military tensions, while retired generals and former heads of the Mossad and Shin Bet intelligence agencies, some of whom were appointed by Netanyahu, have publicly rejected both his leadership and his policies. Drawing on interviews with dozens of senior veterans of the Israeli security establishment, this book addresses this intriguing paradox. It sets out to explain the mutual distrust and intense disagreements between Netanyahu and the security community, as well as the underlying reasons behind the Israeli public's inattention to the collective judgment of hundreds of ex-generals and former spymasters.
Democracy's Resilience to Populism's Threat
Authors: Weyland Kurt
Published: January 2024

The recent global wave of populist governments, which culminated in Donald Trump's victory in 2016, has convinced many observers that populism is a grave threat to democracy. In his new book, Kurt Weyland critiques recent scholarship for focusing too closely on cases where populist leaders have crushed democracy, and instead turns to the many cases where would populist-authoritarians have failed to overthrow democracy. Through a systematic comparative analysis of thirty populist chief executives in Latin America and Europe over the last four decades, Weyland reveals that populist leaders can only destroy democracy under special, restrictive conditions. Left-wing populists suffocate democracy only when benefitting from huge revenue windfalls, whereas right-wing populists must perform the heroic feat of resolving acute, severe crises. Because many populist chief executives do not face these propitious conditions, Weyland proves that despite populism's threat, democracy remains resilient.
Succeeding and Adult Dyslexia
Authors: Leather Carol , Everatt John
Published: January 2024

There is a need to demonstrate the potential that dyslexic adults have to achieve success despite the difficulties often associated with dyslexia. A focus on adults with dyslexia is pertinent given that individual life experiences have the potential to make dyslexia in adulthood more variable in manifestation than in childhood. This book offers a comprehensive discussion of the relationship between dyslexia and success based on current understanding derived from theory and practice, including the challenges of dyslexia in work-related contexts and a range of potential solutions. It presents a framework to conceptualise adult dyslexia and these individual difficulties and provides a basis for success. Personal stories of adult dyslexics who have faced work-related challenges are included alongside a set of strategy-based solutions for dealing with and responding to such challenges. This is an essential resource for dyslexic adults themselves, plus coaches, HR departments, and managers in organisations and training institutions.
Wilhelm von Humboldt and Early American Linguistics
Authors: Drechsel Emanuel J.
Published: January 2024

Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835), an early pioneer in the philosophy of language, linguistic and educational theory, was not only one of the ﬁrst European linguists to identify human language as a rule-governed system –the foundational premise of Noam Chomsky's generative theory – or to reﬂect on cognition in studying language; he was also a major scholar of Indigenous American languages. However, with his famous naturalist brother Alexander 'stealing the show,' Humboldt's contributions to linguistics and anthropology have remained understudied in English until today. Drechsel's unique book addresses this gap by uncovering and examining Humboldt's inﬂuences on diverse issues in nineteenth-century American linguistics, from Peter S. Duponceau to the early Boasians, including Edward Sapir. This study shows how Humboldt's ideas have shaped the ﬁeld in multiple ways. Shining a light on one of the early innovators of linguistics, it is essential reading for anyone interested in the history of the ﬁeld.
Simulating the opening of a champagne bottle
Authors: Wagner Lukas , Braun Stefan , Scheichl Bernhard
Published: January 2024

The axially symmetric, swirl-free gas dynamics and interlinked motion of a cork stopper provoked by the opening of a champagne bottle are modelled rigorously and studied numerically. The experimental study by Liger-Belair et al. (Science Advances, 5(9), 2019) animated the present investigation. Inspection analysis justifies the inviscid treatment of the expanding jet of air enriched with dissolved carbonic acid gas initially pressurised in the bottle. Solving of the resulting Euler equations is facilitated by the open-source software Clawpack. Specific enhancements allow for resolving of the emerging supersonic pockets, associated with surprisingly complex shock structures, as well as the gas–stopper interaction with due accuracy. Our experimental effort provided modelling of the frictional behaviour, constitutive law and reversible (de-)compression of the cork material. Initially, the gas expands inside the bottleneck yet sealed by the stopper, and is hence accelerated by the gas but decelerated by dry sliding friction. Once the stopper has passed the bottle opening, the jet rapidly assumes locally supersonic speed, where a complex shock pattern is detected. Special attention is paid to the formation and dissolution of one or even two Mach discs between the opening and the released stopper. This simulated dynamics is found to be in fairly good agreement with recent experimental findings. It also provides a first insight into the generation of the typical popping sound.
A POSSIBLE PARTHIAN-ERA ANAHITA SANCTUARY AT RABANA IN THE KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ
Authors: Brown Michael , Rashid Rebin
Published: January 2024

Rabana-Merquly was a major regional centre of the Parthian era in the central Zagros highlands. This article explores the hypothesis that the Rabana intramural settlement was in part a ‘sanctuary’ devoted to the ancient Persian water goddess Anahita, based upon extensive architectural augmentations around an ephemeral waterfall, combined with the nearby construction of a probable fire altar. Two jar burials excavated in 2022 inside an adjacent building show this complex also functioned as a mausoleum. Carbon-14 dating of these cremation deposits supports occupation of the site during the second to first centuries B.C. Twin rock reliefs at the entrances to Rabana-Merquly indicate that the fortress was likely associated with the ruling dynasty of Adiabene, a vassal kingdom of the Parthian (or Arsacid) Empire in north-east Mesopotamia. A further link to Natounissarokerta/Natounia on the Kapros is suggested by the iconography of that city's coinage, which features an obverse image of a goddess, potentially a hybrid representation of Anahita-Tyche.
Understanding the interplay between sustainability strategy and the approach to sustainability reporting in SMEs
Authors: Guidi Michele , Vitali Sonia , Giuliani Marco , Chiucchi Maria Serena
Published: January 2024

The study aims to understand the interplay between sustainability strategy and the approach to sustainability reporting in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To achieve this purpose, a case study is developed, examining four companies that exemplify different sustainability strategy types delineated by Baumgartner: introverted, extroverted, conservative, and visionary. According to the findings of the research, while it is possible to identify sustainability strategies based on the key defining elements of the adopted conceptual map, and to interpret the company’s perception and approach to sustainability reporting considering the sustainability strategy, integrating owner-manager values, stakeholder proximity, and supply chain dynamics the conceptual map becomes a more adaptable and practical tool for SMEs seeking to thrive in an increasingly sustainability-focused business landscape. The incorporation of these insights extends Baumgartner’s work, enhancing the comprehension of sustainability strategies within SMEs and providing implications for regulatory bodies, consultants, and managers.
NON-TRIVIAL HIGHER HOMOTOPY OF FIRST-ORDER THEORIES
Authors: CAMPION TIM , YE JINHE
Published: January 2024

Let T be the theory of dense cyclically ordered sets with at least two elements. We determine the classifying space of

$\mathsf {Mod}(T)$

to be homotopically equivalent to

$\mathbb {CP}^\infty $

. In particular,

$\pi _2(\lvert \mathsf {Mod}(T)\rvert )=\mathbb {Z}$

, which answers a question in our previous work. The computation is based on Connes’ cycle category

$\Lambda $

.
Goldie dimension for C*-algebras
Authors: Rouzbehani Mohammad , Amini Massoud , Asadi Mohammad B.
Published: January 2024

In this article, we introduce and study the notion of Goldie dimension for C*-algebras. We prove that a C*-algebra A has Goldie dimension n if and only if the dimension of the center of its local multiplier algebra is n. In this case, A has finite-dimensional center and its primitive spectrum is extremally disconnected. If moreover, A is extending, we show that it decomposes into a direct sum of n prime C*-algebras. In particular, every stably finite, exact C*-algebra with Goldie dimension, that has the projection property and a strictly full element, admits a full projection and a non-zero densely defined lower semi-continuous trace. Finally we show that certain C*-algebras with Goldie dimension (not necessarily simple, separable or nuclear) are classifiable by the Elliott invariant.
Robust control and experimental validation of trajectory tracking for permanent magnet linear motors based on constraint-following under uncertainty
Authors: Zhen Shengchao , Huang Chenghui , Liu Xiaoli , Chen Ye-Hwa
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes a robust control approach to achieve high-precision trajectory tracking for permanent magnet linear motor (PMLM) system containing uncertainties by describing the dynamic model of PMLM based on the Udwadia-Kalaba equation combined with constraint-following method. First, the system of PMLM is described as a constraint-following system by adding the generalized constraint force to the unconstrained Udwadia-Kalaba equation of PMLM system. Second, the robust constraint-following controller is designed based on the proposed model after uncertainty analysis. Moreover, the proposed controller is verified to guarantee deterministic performance for uncertain systems: uniformly bounded and uniformly ultimately bounded. Third, the numerical simulation and experimental validation demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed controller. Finally, the design approach of constraint-following can be applied to other systems with uncertainties.
Asperity Size and Neighboring Segments Can Change the Frictional Response and Fault Slip Behavior: Insights From Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Corbi F. , Mastella G. , Tinti E. , Rosenau M. , Sandri L. , Pardo S. , Funiciello F.
Published: January 2024

Accurate assessment of the rate and state friction parameters of rocks is essential for producing realistic earthquake rupture scenarios and, in turn, for seismic hazard analysis. Those parameters can be directly measured on samples, or indirectly based on inversion of coseismic or postseismic slip evolution. However, both direct and indirect approaches require assumptions that might bias the results. Aiming to reduce the potential sources of bias, we take advantage of a downscaled analog model reproducing megathrust earthquakes. We couple the simulated annealing algorithm with quasi‐dynamic numerical models to retrieve rate and state parameters reproducing the recurrence time, rupture duration and slip of the analog model, in the ensemble. Then, we focus on how the asperity size and the neighboring segments' properties control the seismic cycle characteristics and the corresponding variability of rate and state parameters. We identify a tradeoff between (a–b) of the asperity and (a–b) of neighboring creeping segments, with multiple parameter combinations that allow mimicking the analog model behavior. Tuning of rate and state parameters is required to fit laboratory experiments with different asperity lengths. Poorly constrained frictional properties of neighboring segments are responsible for uncertainties of (a–b) of the asperity in the order of per mille. Roughly one order of magnitude larger uncertainties derive from asperity size. Those results provide a glimpse of the variability that rate and state friction estimates might have when used as a constraint to model fault slip behavior in nature.
A Comparison of Regional Climate Projections With a Range of Climate Sensitivities
Authors: Barnes Clair R. , Chandler Richard E. , Brierley Christopher M.
Published: January 2024

To investigate the extent to which differences in regional model projections can be explained by differences in the warming rates of their driving models, we compare projections of temperature and precipitation over the UK from two regional climate ensembles—the EuroCORDEX multi‐model ensemble and UKCP18 perturbed parameter ensemble—along with projections produced by the “parent” GCMs from which boundary conditions were taken. We evaluate the ensembles in terms of their representation of recent climate, then compare the changes simulated between 1981–2010 and 2050–2079. While both ensembles exhibit seasonal biases with similar magnitudes and spatial patterns during the evaluation period, the UKCP18 ensemble exhibits a somewhat stronger change signal in future simulations, due to a combination of higher climate sensitivity of the driving models, variations in the forcings applied, and—in the regional simulations—the inclusion of time‐varying aerosols. In order to reconcile the two sets of projections, we compare two periods corresponding to fixed global warming levels in the driving models, to constrain the variability within and between the ensembles which can be ascribed to differing rates of global warming: the discrepancy between the ensembles is greatly reduced, although some differences in the local response remain, with the UKCP18 runs slightly warmer and drier than the EuroCORDEX runs, particularly in summer. We also highlight potential pitfalls of comparing warming levels with a reference time period, due to uncertainty about the warming that has already occurred in the driving models prior to the reference period.
Hyperspectral and Photodiode Retrievals of Nighttime LED‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (LEDIF) for Tracking Photosynthetic Phenology in a Vineyard
Authors: Wong Christopher Y. S. , McHugh Devin P. , Bambach Nicolas , McElrone Andrew J. , Alsina Maria Mar , Kustas William P. , Magney Troy S.
Published: January 2024

The magnitude of chlorophyll fluorescence emission represents both chlorophyll content and energy quenching processes enabling its application to serve as a proxy of photosynthetic activity. Thus, there is interest in advancing methods for canopy‐scale monitoring of chlorophyll fluorescence. Remotely sensed solar‐induced fluorescence (SIF) retrievals offer daytime monitoring of chlorophyll fluorescence, which can serve as an indicator of photosynthesis. However, it represents an instantaneous measurement during the day, which is strongly influenced by incoming radiation, solar angle, and sun/shade fraction—making it difficult to tease out baseline information on plant health and potential photosynthetic capacity—which could be tracked by changes in fluorescence yield (independent of sunlight). Recent advances have demonstrated the potential for inducing nighttime chlorophyll fluorescence via LED light sources at the canopy‐scale, which can be retrieved as LED‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (LEDIF), potentially serving as a baseline indicator of plant health and photochemical capacity, independent of daytime conditions. In this study, we explored two methods of LEDIF retrievals: (a) hyperspectral sensor (1.33 nm full‐width half max) and (b) low‐cost Red‐Far‐Red photodiode sensor. LEDIF retrieved by the hyperspectral sensor demonstrated strong correlations with daytime SIF and gross primary productivity during mid to end of season phenology (R2 > 0.70). In contrast, phenological dynamics of LEDIF retrieved by the photodiode sensor was more subtle, likely due to weaker signal‐to‐noise ratio, but still demonstrated some potential. Overall, LEDIF offers a technique to monitor nighttime chlorophyll fluorescence emissions (and changes in its spectral shape with a hyperspectral sensor) to assess canopy‐scale phenology of photosynthetic potential.
The multifaceted functions of β-arrestins and their therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Kee Teresa R. , Khan Sophia A. , Neidhart Maya B. , Masters Brianna M. , Zhao Victoria K. , Kim Yenna K. , McGill Percy Kyle C. , Woo Jung-A A.
Published: January 2024

Arrestins are multifunctional proteins that regulate G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) desensitization, signaling, and internalization. The arrestin family consists of four subtypes: visual arrestin1, β-arrestin1, β-arrestin2, and visual arrestin-4. Recent studies have revealed the multifunctional roles of β-arrestins beyond GPCR signaling, including scaffolding and adapter functions, and physically interacting with non-GPCR receptors. Increasing evidence suggests that β-arrestins are involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). β-arrestins physically interact with γ-secretase, leading to increased production and accumulation of amyloid-beta in AD. Furthermore, β-arrestin oligomers inhibit the autophagy cargo receptor p62/SQSTM1, resulting in tau accumulation and aggregation in FTD. In PD, β-arrestins are upregulated in postmortem brain tissue and an MPTP model, and the β2AR regulatesSNCAgene expression. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2, and describe their physiological functions and roles in neurodegenerative diseases. The multifaceted roles of β-arrestins and their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases suggest that they may serve as promising therapeutic targets.
Apically localized PANX1 impacts neuroepithelial expansion in human cerebral organoids
Authors: Noort Rebecca J. , Zhu Hanrui , Flemmer Robert T. , Moore Craig S. , Belbin Thomas J. , Esseltine Jessica L.
Published: January 2024

Dysfunctional paracrine signaling through Pannexin 1 (PANX1) channels is linked to several adult neurological pathologies and emerging evidence suggests that PANX1 plays an important role in human brain development. It remains unclear how early PANX1 influences brain development, or how loss of PANX1 alters the developing human brain. Using a cerebral organoid model of early human brain development, we find that PANX1 is expressed at all stages of organoid development from neural induction through to neuroepithelial expansion and maturation. Interestingly, PANX1 cellular distribution and subcellular localization changes dramatically throughout cerebral organoid development. During neural induction, PANX1 becomes concentrated at the apical membrane domain of neural rosettes where it co-localizes with several apical membrane adhesion molecules. During neuroepithelial expansion, PANX1−/− organoids are significantly smaller than control and exhibit significant gene expression changes related to cell adhesion, WNT signaling and non-coding RNAs. As cerebral organoids mature, PANX1 expression is significantly upregulated and is primarily localized to neuronal populations outside of the ventricular-like zones. Ultimately, PANX1 protein can be detected in all layers of a 21–22 post conception week human fetal cerebral cortex. Together, these results show that PANX1 is dynamically expressed by numerous cell types throughout embryonic and early fetal stages of human corticogenesis and loss of PANX1 compromises neuroepithelial expansion due to dysregulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, perturbed intracellular signaling, and changes to gene regulation.