bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and evaluation of lipid emulsified docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Fang , Chang Minglu , Yu Yanna , Zhang Yongchun , Liu Guangpu , Wei Ting , Zuo Tiantian , Guan Yuanyuan , Lin Guimei , Zhao Zhongxi
Published: August 2015

Objectives

Lipid emulsified nanoparticles (LPNPs) have been developed to load anticancer drug docetaxel (DTX) in this work.

Methods

We evaluated DTX-loaded lipid emulsified nanoparticles (DTX-LPNPs) in vitro compared with the conventional nanoparticles (DTX-NPs). The newly developed formulation was compared with DTX-NPs in terms of physicochemical properties and in-vitro efficacy.

Key findings

These two formulations had similar physicochemical properties in our results. And it has been proven that phosphatidylethanolamine had higher emulsification efficiency (20-fold of polyvinyl alcohol) in the same preparation procedure. The in-vitro release of DTX from DTX-LPNPs showed burst release initially and then followed by a sustained release, which prolonged the half time. The cytotoxicity test indicated that the DTX-LPNPs were more effective against tumour growth, and the IC50 of Duopafei, DTX-NPs and DTX-LPNPs for the inhibition of human lung cancer A549 cells at 48 h (n = 3) were found to be 3.53 ± 0.43, 1.15 ± 0.06 and 0.55 ± 0.08 μm, respectively. The evaluation of the cellular uptake showed that DTX-LPNPs improved the drug delivery into cytoplasm compared with the commercial product Duopafei and DTX-NPs.

Conclusions

DTX-LPNPs may be a promising formulation for cancer therapy.
FgCDC14 regulates cytokinesis, morphogenesis, and pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Li Chaohui , Melesse Michael , Zhang Shijie , Hao ChaoFeng , Wang Chenfang , Zhang Hongchang , Hall Mark C. , Xu Jin‐Rong
Published: August 2015

Members of Cdc14 phosphatases are common in animals and fungi, but absent in plants. Although its orthologs are conserved in plant pathogenic fungi, their functions during infection are not clear. In this study, we showed that the CDC14 ortholog is important for pathogenesis and morphogenesis in Fusarium graminearum. FgCDC14 is required for normal cell division and septum formation and FgCdc14 possesses phosphatase activity with specificity for a subset of Cdk‐type phosphorylation sites. The Fgcdc14 mutant was reduced in growth, conidiation, and ascospore formation. It was defective in ascosporogenesis and pathogenesis. Septation in Fgcdc14 was reduced and hyphal compartments contained multiple nuclei, indicating defects in the coordination between nuclear division and cytokinesis. Interestingly, foot cells of mutant conidia often differentiated into conidiogenous cells, resulting in the production of inter‐connected conidia. In the interphase, FgCdc14‐GFP localized to the nucleus and spindle‐pole‐body. Taken together, our results indicate that Cdc14 phosphatase functions in cell division and septum formation in F. graminearum, likely by counteracting Cdk phosphorylation, and is required for plant infection.
Does job satisfaction mediate the relationship between healthy work environment and care quality?
Authors: Bai Jinbing
Published: August 2015

Background

A healthy work environment can increase nurse‐reported job satisfaction and patient care outcomes. Yet the associations between healthy work environment, nurse job satisfaction and QC have not been comprehensively examined in Chinese ICUs.

Aim

To investigate the mediating effect of nurse job satisfaction on the relationship between healthy work environment and nurse‐reported quality of care (QC) in Chinese intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods

A total of 706 nurses were recruited from 28 ICUs of 14 tertiary hospitals. The nurses completed self‐reported questionnaires to evaluate healthy work environment, job satisfaction and quality of patient care. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore the mediating effect between nurse‐reported healthy work environment and QC.

Results

Nurse work environment showed positive correlations with nurse‐reported QC in the ICUs. Nurse‐reported job satisfaction showed full mediating effects between healthy work environment and QC in the medical‐surgical ICUs, surgical ICUs and neonatal/paediatric ICUs and indicated a partial mediating effect in the medical ICUs.

Relevance to clinical practice

Significant mediating effects of nurse job satisfaction provide more support for thinking about how to use this mediator to increase nurse and patient care outcomes. Nurse administrators can design interventions to increase nurse work environment and patient care outcomes with this mediating factor addressed.
Accounting for Changes in Income Inequality: Decomposition Analyses for the UK, 1978–2008
Authors: Brewer Mike , Wren‐Lewis Liam
Published: August 2015

We analyse income inequality in the UK from 1978 to 2009 in order to understand why income inequality rose very rapidly from 1978 to 1991 but then remained broadly unchanged. We find that inequality in earnings among employees has risen fairly steadily since 1978, but other factors that caused income inequality to rise before 1991 have since gone into reverse. Inequality in investment and pension income has fallen since 1991, as has inequality between those with and without employment. Furthermore, certain household types – notably the elderly and those with young children – which had relatively low incomes in the period to 1991 have seen their incomes converge with others.
Kidney transplant in pediatric patients with severe bladder pathology
Authors: Sierralta María Consuelo , González Gloria , Nome Claudio , Pinilla Cesar , Correa Ramón , Mansilla Juan , Rodríguez Jorge , Delucchi Angela , Ossandón Francisco
Published: August 2015

The aim of the current study was to compare results in pediatric renal transplantation of patients with and without SBP. Between 2001 and 2013, a total of 168 kidney transplants were performed at our center. A retrospective analysis was performed and recipients were divided into two groups: NB and SBP. Incidence of surgical complications after procedure, and graft and patient survival were evaluated. A total of 155 recipients (92%) with complete data were analyzed, and 13 recipients that had had previous bladder surgeries were excluded (11 with VUR surgery and two with previous kidney transplants), of the 155 recipients: 123 (79%) patients had NB, and 32 (21%) patients had SBP, with a median follow‐up of 60 (1–137) and 52 (1–144) months, respectively. Among post‐transplant complications, UTI (68.8% vs. 23%, p < 0.0001) and symptomatic VUR to the graft (40.6% vs. 7.3%, p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the SBP group. There was no significant difference in overall graft and patient survival between groups. Renal transplantation is safe in pediatric recipients with SBP; however, urologic complications such as UTI and VUR were significantly higher in this group. Graft and patient survival was similar in SBP and NB groups.
Experimental and Numerical Calculation of Turbulent Timescales at the Exit of an Engine Representative Combustor Simulator
Authors: Koupper Charlie , Gicquel Laurent , Duchaine Florent , Bacci Tommaso , Facchini Bruno , Picchi Alessio , Tarchi Lorenzo , Bonneau Guillaume
Published: August 2015

To deepen the knowledge of the interaction between modern lean burn combustors and high pressure (HP) turbines, a nonreactive real scale annular trisector combustor simulator (CS) has been assembled at University of Florence (UNIFI), with the goal of investigating and characterizing the combustor aerothermal field as well as the hot streak transport toward the HP vanes. To generate hot streaks and simulate lean burn combustor behaviors, the rig is equipped with axial swirlers fed by a main air flow stream that is heated up to 531 K, while liners with effusion cooling holes are fed by air at ambient temperature. Detailed experimental investigations are then performed with the aim of characterizing the turbulence quantities at the exit of the combustion module, and specifically evaluating an integral scale of turbulence. To do so, an automatic traverse system is mounted at the exit of the CS and equipped to perform hot wire anemometry (HWA) measurements. In this paper, two-point correlations are computed from the time signal of the axial velocity giving access to an evaluation of the turbulence timescales at each measurement point. For assessment of the advanced numerical method that is large Eddy simulation (LES), the same methodology is applied to a LES prediction of the CS. Although comparisons seem relevant and easily accessible, both approaches and contexts have fundamental differences: mostly in terms of duration of the signals acquired experimentally and numerically but also with potentially different acquisition frequencies. In the exercise that aims at comparing high-order statistics and diagnostics, the specificity of comparing experimental and numerical results is comprehensively discussed. Attention is given to the importance of the acquisition frequency, intrinsic bias of having a short duration signal and influence of the investigating windows. For an adequate evaluation of the turbulent time scales, it is found that comparing experiments and numerics for high Reynolds number flows inferring small-scale phenomena requires to obey a set of rules, otherwise important errors can be made. If adequately processed, LES and HWA are found to agree well indicating the potential of LES for such problems.
Spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in northern Lake Huron
Authors: Binder Thomas R. , Riley Stephen C. , Holbrook Christopher M. , Hansen Michael J. , Bergstedt Roger A. , Bronte Charles R. , He Ji , Krueger Charles C.
Published: August 2015

Fidelity to high-quality spawning sites helps ensure that adults repeatedly spawn at sites that maximize reproductive success. Fidelity is also an important behavioural characteristic to consider when hatchery-reared individuals are stocked for species restoration, because artificial rearing environments may interfere with cues that guide appropriate spawning site selection. Acoustic telemetry was used in conjunction with Cormack–Jolly–Seber capture–recapture models to compare degree of spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery-reared lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in northern Lake Huron. Annual survival was estimated to be between 77% and 81% and did not differ among wild and hatchery males and females. Site fidelity estimates were high in both wild and hatchery-reared lake trout (ranging from 0.78 to 0.94, depending on group and time filter), but were slightly lower in hatchery-reared fish than in wild fish. The ecological implication of the small difference in site fidelity between wild and hatchery-reared lake trout is unclear, but similarities in estimates suggest that many hatchery-reared fish use similar spawning sites to wild fish and that most return to those sites annually for spawning.
A particle-number conserving microscopic approach to octupole deformation of normal deformed and superdeformed states in 194Pb
Authors: Nhan Hao T. V. , Phu Dat D. H. , Hoang Tung N. , Tran H. N.
Published: August 2015

The left–right asymmetric deformation of normal deformed (ND) and superdeformed (SD) states of 194 Pb has been investigated in the framework of the parity-symmetry projection of the highly truncated diagonalization approach (HTDA), which is suited to treat the correlations in an explicitly particle-number conserving microscopic approach. A Skyrme energy density functional using the SIII and SkM* interactions has been considered to treat the particle–hole channel, whereas a density-independent δ force has been adopted for the residual interaction. The obtained results are compared with previous approaches. The calculated octupole phonon excitation energy is found to be in good qualitative agreement with available data in the ND state.
Evaluation of Phototoxic and Skin Sensitization Potentials of PLA2-Free Bee Venom
Authors: Heo Yunwi , Pyo Min-Jung , Bae Seong Kyeong , Lee Hyunkyoung , Kwon Young Chul , Kim Je Hein , Kim Bokyung , Kim Choul Goo , Kang Changkeun , Kim Euikyung
Published: August 2015

Bee venom (BV) from honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) has been used in oriental medicine and cosmetic ingredients because of its diverse pharmacological activities. In many studies, among BV components, phospholipase A2(PLA2) is known as a major player in BV-induced allergic reaction. Therefore, we removed PLA2from BV using ultrafiltration and then investigatedin vitrophototoxicity andin vivoskin sensitization of PLA2-free BV (PBV) in comparison with regular BV. The 3T3 neutral red uptake phototoxicity assay can be appropriated to identify the phototoxic effect of a test substance upon the exposure of ultraviolet A. Chlorpromazine, a positive control, showed high levels of photoirritation factor and mean photo effect values, while BV and PBV had less of these values. Local lymph node assay is an alternative method to evaluate skin sensitization potential of chemicals. BALB/c mice were treated withp-phenylenediamine (PPD, positive control), BV, or PBV. In all of PPD concentrations, stimulation indexes (SI) as sensitizing potential of chemicals were ≥1.6, determined to be sensitizer, while SI levels of BV and PBV were below 1.6. Thus, based on these findings, we propose that both BV and PBV are nonphototoxic compounds and nonsensitizers.
Involvement of the Androgen and Glucocorticoid Receptors in Bladder Cancer
Authors: McBeth Lucien , Grabnar Maria , Selman Steven , Hinds Terry D.
Published: August 2015

Bladder cancer is encountered worldwide having been associated with a host of environmental and lifestyle risk factors. The disease has a male to female prevalence of 3 : 1. This disparity has raised the possibility of the androgen receptor (AR) pathway being involved in the genesis of the disease; indeed, research has shown that AR is involved in and is likely a driver of bladder cancer. Similarly, an inflammatory response has been implicated as a major player in bladder carcinogenesis. Consistent with this concept, recent work on anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid signaling points to a pathway that may impact bladder cancer. The glucocorticoid receptor- (GR-)αisoform has an important role in suppressing inflammatory processes, which may be attenuated by AR in the development of bladder cancer. In addition, a GR isoform that is inhibitory to GRα, GRβ, is proinflammatory and has been shown to induce cancer growth. In this paper, we review the evidence of inflammatory mediators and the relationship of AR and GR isoforms as they relate to the propensity for bladder cancer.
Evolution Game Model of Travel Mode Choice in Metropolitan
Authors: Wu Chaoqun , Pei Yulong , Gao Jingpeng
Published: August 2015

The paper describes an evolution game model of travel mode choice to determine whether transportation policies would have the desired effect. The model is first expressed as a two-stage sequential game in the extensive form based on the similarity between evolution game theory and the travel mode choice process. Second, backward induction is used to solve for Nash equilibrium of the game based on the Folk Theorem. Third, the sensitivity analysis suggests that a payoff reduction of travel by any mode will result in a rising proportion of inhabitants travelling by that mode and falling proportions of inhabitants travelling by other modes. Finally, the model is applied to Beijing inhabitants’ travel mode choices during morning peak hours and draws the conclusion that the proportion of inhabitants travelling by rail would increase when traffic congestion is more severe. This confirms that fast construction of the urban rail transit would be an effective means of alleviating traffic congestion. The model may be a useful tool for policy makers for analyzing the complex influence of travel mode choice processes on transport policies and transport construction projects.
A Relation Extraction Framework for Biomedical Text Using Hybrid Feature Set
Authors: Muzaffar Abdul Wahab , Azam Farooque , Qamar Usman
Published: August 2015

The information extraction from unstructured text segments is a complex task. Although manual information extraction often produces the best results, it is harder to manage biomedical data extraction manually because of the exponential increase in data size. Thus, there is a need for automatic tools and techniques for information extraction in biomedical text mining. Relation extraction is a significant area under biomedical information extraction that has gained much importance in the last two decades. A lot of work has been done on biomedical relation extraction focusing on rule-based and machine learning techniques. In the last decade, the focus has changed to hybrid approaches showing better results. This research presents a hybrid feature set for classification of relations between biomedical entities. The main contribution of this research is done in the semantic feature set where verb phrases are ranked using Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and a ranking algorithm. Support Vector Machine and Naïve Bayes, the two effective machine learning techniques, are used to classify these relations. Our approach has been validated on the standard biomedical text corpus obtained from MEDLINE 2001. Conclusively, it can be articulated that our framework outperforms all state-of-the-art approaches used for relation extraction on the same corpus.
Necrotizing Fasciitis Secondary to a Primary Suture for Anoperineal Trauma by Motorcycle Accident in a Healthy Adult
Authors: Saigusa Susumu , Ohi Masaki , Imaoka Hiroki , Uratani Ryo , Kobayashi Minako , Inoue Yasuhiro
Published: August 2015

A 41-year-old man experienced a swollen scrotum three days after a motorcycle accident and presented to our hospital. He had had a primary suture repair for anoperineal trauma in an outside hospital at the time of the injury. He presented to us with general fatigue, low grade fevers, and perineal pain. Abdominal computed tomography showed subcutaneous emphysema from the scrotum to the left chest. The sutured wound had foul-smelling discharge and white exudate. We made the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis and immediately opened the sutured wound and performed initial debridement and lavage with copious irrigation. We continued antibiotics and lavage of the wound until the infection was controlled. Fortunately, the necrotizing fasciitis did not worsen and he was discharged after 15 days. Our experience indicates that anoperineal injuries should not be closed without careful and intensive follow-up due to the potential of developing necrotizing fasciitis.
Hybrid Affects of Religious Nationalism: Pilgrimages to Kosovo and the Soundscapes of the Utopian Past
Authors: Atanasovski Srđan
Published: August 2015

In this paper I analyze the contemporary practice of Serbian pilgrimages to Kosovo, which have been on the rise in the aftermath of the Kosovo Declaration of Independence. Designating the Serbian pilgrimage to Kosovo as ahybridaffective experience, I investigate how sentiments of religion and nation interact through the media of sound and music, pointing out the role of the shared lived experience of the community. I discuss how affects, which are alternately produced by the social machines of religion and of nation, become hybridized and synergistically reinforcedin situ, not only relying on discursive games and strategies, but also on the immediacy of the lived ‘truth’. I emphasize in particular the role of musical experience in this process, showing how music activates mnemonic processes and provokes affects in the community as it is uncritically inscribed on the bodies of the individuals through both communal music-listening and music-making.
Moss and liverwort epiphytes on trunks of Cyathea delgadii in a fragment of tropical rain forest, São Paulo State, Brazil

Authors: Vital Daniel M. , Prado Jefferson
Published: August 2015

This study is a survey of the bryophyte species that occur on the trunks of Cyathea delgadii Sternb. (Cyatheaceae), a native tree fern, encountered in a fragment of Atlantic forest located in the area of the „Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI)“, São Paulo State, Brazil. Specimens of bryophytes were collected from March 2001 to October 2003. We found 35 bryophyte species (12 spp. of mosses and 23 of liverworts). Ceratolejeuenea dentacornuta Steph. is presented as a new record for Brazil. A brief discussion about previous records of bryophyte species growing on trunks of tree ferns in Brazil is also presented.
Taxonomy and systematics of the herichthyins (Cichlidae: Tribe Heroini), with the description of eight new Middle American Genera
Authors: MCMAHAN CALEB D. , MATAMOROS WILFREDO A. , PILLER KYLE R. , CHAKRABARTY PROSANTA
Published: August 2015

In recent years great strides have been made for improving our understanding of the evolutionary relationships among neotropical cichlids, particularly within the clade Heroini and its crown clade the herichthyins. Most phylogenetic studies have largely converged on congruent topologies for relationships among species and major lineages within the herichthyins. One major aspect missing from previous studies of these cichlids is a formal taxonomic revision, including the redefining of genera. Based on analysis of  52 species and three mitochondrial and two nuclear loci, we generate a Bayesian phylogeny for the herichthyin cichlids, and formally revise the taxonomy for genera within this clade using morphological features. Eight new genera are recognized and a key to all 16 genera of herichthyin cichlids is also presented.
Designation of a neotype for the kyphosid fish Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: GILBERT CARTER R.
Published: August 2015

Several major systematic papers have recently been published on the perciform fish family Kyphosidae. One is a world revision of the family by Knudsen and Clements (2013), based largely on information summarized from an unpublished molecular phylogenetic analysis, supplemented by meristic and morphometric data. The second, by Sakai and Nakabo (2014), is a review of the genus Kyphosus from the Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans only, based solely on conventional morphological and meristic information. The two papers include disagreements regarding identifications of two jointly examined specimens, erroneous or misleading information relative to types and type terminology, and conflicting meristic data. All of these have important taxonomic and nomenclatural implications, especially as regards Kyphosus sectatrix. Finally, the two studies were conducted completely independent of one another, and this is reflected both in the treatment of species and in certain of the respective conclusions.
Glocalization of Subway in India: How a US Giant Has Adapted in the Asian Subcontinent
Authors: Simi Demi , Matusitz Jonathan
Published: August 2015

This paper examines how Subway, the US fast food restaurant franchise, has adapted to Indian culture. Glocalization theory will be the guiding framework used in this analysis. Glocalization rests on the premise that a universal concept must change to fit and function in a local culture. Blending the local and the global, it provides a passage to empowerment where modifications to a particular commodity can make it prosper in various traditions. Four important themes of glocalization emerged from this analysis: (1) adjustment of restaurant ambience; (2) adoption of Jain values; (3) adjustment of advertising practices; and (4) adjustment of the use of social media. An important conclusion is that, although India is embracing modernity, Subway has honoured many religious and cultural views in that nation.
Identifying the Barriers to Games and Simulations in Education
Authors: Jean Justice Lenora , Ritzhaupt Albert D.
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this study was to create a valid and reliable instrument to measure teacher perceived barriers to the adoption of games and simulations in education. Previous research, interviews with educators, a focus group, a think-aloud protocol, and an expert review were used to design a survey instrument. After finalization, the survey was made available for trial on the Internet for a group of educators ( N = 255). A portion of the survey required respondents to rate to what degree 32 potential barriers were perceived as an impediment to the adoption of games and simulations. Some of the highest rated barriers included cost of equipment, lack of time to plan and implement, inability to try before purchasing, lack of balance between entertainment and education, lack of available lesson plans/examples, lack of alignment to state standards/standardized testing, inability to customize a game/simulation, and inability to track student progress within the game/simulation. An exploratory factor analysis identified seven factors that accounted for 67% of the variability in the respondents’ rankings. Several factors were found to have significant interactions with other questions on the survey. Implications of these results, as well as suggestions for future research, are discussed.
Effects of Case Libraries in Supporting a Problem-Based Learning STEM Course
Authors: Tawfik Andrew , Trueman Rebecca
Published: August 2015

Problem-based learning (PBL) is an instructional strategy that claims to support higher order learning as students attempt to resolve ill-structured problems. However, the research is somewhat mixed as to its efficacy. Some suggest that further investigation is needed regarding how students are supported in PBL, while others argue that scaffolds may overscript the inquiry process. Based on this research gap, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of case libraries in supporting PBL. Biology students ( N = 95) were assigned to two different conditions (case library and unsupported group) as they resolved an ill-structured science problem. Research revealed statistically significant differences in the number of correctly identified solutions, supporting evidence, and solutions proposed for participants in the case library condition. Implications for practice are discussed.
Is fiscal fatigue a threat to consolidation programmes?
Authors: Agnello Luca , Castro Vítor , Sousa Ricardo M
Published: August 2015

Building on a narrative approach to identify episodes of fiscal consolidation, data for a group of seventeen industrial countries over the period 1978–2009, and continuous-time duration models, we find evidence suggesting that the likelihood of a fiscal consolidation ending increases over time, but only for programmes that last fewer than six years. Additionally, fiscal consolidations tend to last longer in non-European than in European countries. Our results emphasize that chronic fiscal imbalances might lead to a vicious austerity cycle, while discipline in the behaviour of fiscal authorities is a means of achieving credible and shorter adjustment measures. Therefore, fiscal fatigue is likely to compromise the implementation and successfulness of fiscal consolidation programmes.
Constructed Landscapes and Social Memory: Tales of St Samson in Early Medieval Cornwall
Authors: Harvey David C
Published: August 2015

In this paper I consider the historical geography of place and space within the context of medieval Britain. Through examining the geography invoked within a particular hagiographie account about the life of St Samson, I explore how the medieval ‘natural’ world is both rendered understandable through its sacred symbolism, and reified as a familiar ‘map’ of instruction and collective social memory. Following a general discussion of the meaning of medieval hagiographies (which are comprised of curious compilations of factual and imaginative material relating to the ‘lives’ of saints from an even earlier time), I focus on their role as mediators of cultural identity. It is my premise in this paper that hagiographies are profoundly geographical, and are shot through with environmental metaphors and references to spaces, places, and landscapes. I examine how they both served as crucial tools of religious instruction, and carried geographical coordinates that helped to establish a sense of place. Through instilling local identity and collective memory with references to an imagined landscape of religious order, these saintly legends literally showed people how to experience the familiar landscape that they inhabited.
Situated solidarities and the practice of scholar-activism
Authors: Routledge Paul , Derickson Kate Driscoll
Published: August 2015

Drawing on an analysis of an ongoing collaboration with rural peasant movements in Bangladesh, we explore the possibility of forging solidarity through practices of scholar-activism. In so doing, we consider the practice of reflexivity, reconsider forms of solidarity, and draw on the concept of convergence spaces as a way to envision sites of possibility. We mobilize the notion of situated solidarities to propose an alternative form of reflexive practice in scholarship. We then posit that there are six ‘practices’ that provide a useful schematic for thinking through the opportunities for the construction of these solidarities.
Balancing past and present: The impact of accounting internationalisation on German accounting regulations
Authors: Fülbier Rolf Uwe , Klein Malte
Published: August 2015

Accounting plays a distinct role in a firm’s governance system and has evolved in a specific institutional setting over time to meet the contractual demands of various stakeholders. Against this backdrop, we argue that accounting internationalisation affects the contracting system when formal rules from other settings are introduced. To support our argument and to substantiate the interplay of accounting as a contractual device and country-specific institutions, we provide an in-depth case study of one European code-law country, Germany. Here, we place the recent phenomenon of accounting internationalisation into historical-institutional perspective and illustrate how accounting internationalisation has triggered a balancing act between a path-dependent preservation of the traditional contracting role and a moderate move towards valuation-based international benchmarks.
Historical innovations in the regulation of business and accounting practices: A comparison of absolutism and liberal democracy
Authors: Baker C Richard , Quéré Bertrand P
Published: August 2015

This historical review article draws upon two theoretical models to compare state regulatory innovations pertaining to business and accounting practices in two contrasting periods: the Colbert Period, a period of absolutism under Louis XIV in seventeenth-century France; and the period of liberal democracy in the United States in the early twentieth century, during which the US federal government sought to expand its power over the regulation of unregulated capitalist activity. These two contrasting periods of state intervention in business and accounting practices can be characterized as innovations whose underlying design was conditioned by contemporary circumstances. The theoretical models employed include that of Miller (1990), who maintained that a primary “reason of state” (i.e. “political rationality”) justifying intervention in business and accounting practices during the Colbert period was “military competition” between France and other European powers. The second theoretical model employed is based on Clarke (2004), who argued that there is cyclicality to reasons of state focusing on “restoring economic stability” in the face of economic crises. This article identifies innovations in the regulation of business and accounting practices that have helped states to obtain the economic resources necessary for the exercise of sovereignty while maintaining social order within their national boundaries.
Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in critically ill patients: a prospective, clinician-blinded investigation
Authors: Jones Sarah L. , Tanaka Aiko , Eastwood Glenn M. , Young Helen , Peck Leah , Bellomo Rinaldo , Mårtensson Johan
Published: August 2015

Introduction

Assessment of fluid status in critically ill patients is challenging. We aimed to assess the feasibility and validity of bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) as a measure of hydration in critically ill patients.

Methods

We performed twice-daily BIVA measurements and fluid balance calculations and recorded physiological variables in mechanically ventilated patients within 24 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission for up to 5 days. Treating clinicians were blinded to BIVA results.

Results

We performed 344 BIVA measurements in 61 patients. According to BIVA, 14 patients (23 %) were dehydrated, 22 (36 %) were normally hydrated and 25 (41 %) were overhydrated upon ICU admission. Patients with normal BIVA hydration were less sick, had fewer comorbidities and had less deranged physiology than patients found to be dehydrated or overhydrated with BIVA. Cumulative fluid balance increased in patients found to be dehydrated with BIVA by a mean of 3.4±2.2 L, whereas in patients found to be overhydrated with BIVA, it decreased by a mean of 4.5±6.9 L. In patients found to be normally hydrated with BIVA, fluid balance remained unchanged. BIVA-defined hydration increased with 1 L (median change 1.5 %, P =0.09) or 2 L (median change 0.7 %, P =0.09) of calculated fluid gains. BIVA-defined hydration decreased (median change −0.8 %, P =0.02) with a negative cumulative fluid balance of >2 L. BIVA-defined hydration between first and last measurement correlated with the corresponding change in fluid balance (ρ =0.25, P =0.05).

Conclusions

BIVA is feasible in critically ill patients. Its validity is supported by the observed characteristics of patients with different degrees of BIVA hydration upon admission and by different fluid management of such patients by blinded clinicians. The sensitivity of repeated BIVA hydration measurements to detect fluid accumulation or fluid balance changes <2 L was low, however. These contradictory findings provide the rational basis for studies of BIVA-assisted fluid management in ICU patients.
The Work of Waiting: Love and Money in Korean Chinese Transnational Migration
Authors: Kwon June Hee
Published: August 2015

During the past two decades, Yanbian, the Korean Chinese Autonomous Prefecture on the border with North Korea, has been dominated by the so-called Korean Wind, a massive Korean Chinese transnational labor migration to South Korea. Korean Chinese have undertaken this migration as a response to the onset of privatization in China. In so doing, they have built an economy and culture based on remittances sent back by family members working in South Korea. The ethnographic focus in this essay is on those who are waiting for remittances or the return of their loved ones, processes that are conditioned by visa constraints and economic needs. I argue that waiting, for love or money, is unwaged affective work that generates not only a financial safety net but also a binding force between the separated parties. I also argue that waiting as an act of love is eventually transformed into a form of labor that requires managing flows of money, and thereby remakes the expectations and realities of spousal relationships. My ethnography of waiting, which describes betrayals as well as appreciative partners, elaborates on the experiences of those who do not actually migrate but who nonetheless function as key agents sustaining one pole of migration. The work of waiting enables mobility and provides a foundation to migratory circulations.
Reconciling predator conservation with public safety
Authors: Ferretti Francesco , Jorgensen Salvador , Chapple Taylor K , De Leo Giulio , Micheli Fiorenza
Published: August 2015

Global loss of predators calls for increased conservation of these crucial ecosystem components. However, large predators can also threaten public safety and adversely affect economic activities, creating conflicts between different public interests. In the ocean, although many shark species are facing worldwide declines, recorded instances of unprovoked attacks by sharks on humans have been increasing, stirring public concern and generating radical policies such as culling. Here we show that despite increasing records of white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) attacks in California, the individual attack risk for ocean users has decreased by >91% over a 63‐year period (1950 to 2013). The decrease in risk could be explained by an undetected long‐term shark population decline and/or changes in behavior and spatial distribution of people and sharks, the latter possibly associated with the recovery of pinniped (Phocidae and Otariidae) populations. Promoting safer behaviors among human ocean users could prove orders of magnitude more effective than culling, while meeting the dual goal of improving public safety and conserving endangered marine predators.
Esthetic Management of a Recurrent Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma
Authors: Hutton Stephen B. , Haveman Kevin W. , Wilson John H. , Gonzalez‐Torres Karen E.
Published: August 2015

Introduction: A peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) presents similarly to other soft tissue reactive lesions, such as pyogenic granuloma or peripheral giant cell granuloma, and yet the pathogenesis of POFs remains undetermined. Surgical excision is the standard of care for a POF, but given their propensity to present in the esthetic area and likelihood for recurrence, these lesions must be addressed with careful technique to prevent mucogingival defects. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report to show that complete excision of a recurrent POF followed by a pouch recipient bed preparation for simultaneous soft tissue augmentation, and this technique may prove to be a novel and predictable approach to successfully treat such cases.

Case Presentation: A 57‐year‐old female presented with a firm, sessile, painless, broad‐based, gingival mass between the maxillary central and lateral incisors. It was excised conservatively and allowed to heal by secondary intention. A histopathologic diagnosis of POF was made, but after 12 months, the mass recurred. Subsequent excision of the recurrent lesion was performed by removing the free gingival margin and surrounding tissues. All gingival and periosteal tissues involved were removed aggressively in addition to thorough root planing. Peripheral undermining of the marginal tissue was performed to create a pouch, preparing a recipient site for simultaneous soft tissue augmentation. Palatal connective tissue was harvested and sutured into the recipient site such that the tissue defect was filled, and the exposed root remained completely covered after 48 months.

Conclusion: Aggressive surgical excision with simultaneous soft tissue augmentation may successfully resolve the pathologic process and ensure esthetic success in cases of recurrent POFs.
Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Human Papilloma Virus–Related Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Patient With Leukemia: A Case Report
Authors: Yassin Alaa , Dixon Douglas R. , Oda Dolphine , London Robert M.
Published: August 2015

Introduction: Close clinical inspection for intraoral lesions in patients with leukemia that develop chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) is critical. Additionally, neoplasias developing in bone marrow transplant patients after treatment for leukemia represent a significant obstacle for long‐term patient survival, necessitating lifetime follow‐up by health care providers. This case report describes the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a patient with leukemia who was treated previously with a stem cell transplant and referred for routine periodontal care.

Case Presentation: A 53‐year‐old male was referred to the Department of Periodontics for an assessment of tooth #10 with 2+ mobility and associated cross‐bite occlusion. The patient was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia at age 39 years, received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and later developed cGVHD followed by human papilloma virus (HPV) infections. During the periodontal evaluation, a large, non‐painful, exophytic, alveolar gingival mass was identified and later diagnosed as SCC. It is unusual that oral SCC presents as an exophytic, gingival swelling. The patient received comprehensive periodontal management in coordination with his otolaryngology team before and during the diagnosis of SCC secondary to cGVHD and HPV infection.

Conclusions: Patients with a history of HSCT treatment for leukemia and subsequent cGVHD are at a high risk of developing second primary oral malignancies, including SCC. Exposure to oncogenic HPV infection may compound this risk. Therefore, it is important for dentists to be aware of special treatment concerns and to frequently screen these patients to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of these neoplasms.
Hierarchical Multiscale Methods for Life-Cycle-Production Optimization: A Field Case Study
Authors: Oliveira D. F. , Reynolds A. C.
Published: August 2015

We apply hierarchical multiscale techniques previously developed by the authors to estimate the well controls that maximize the net present value of the long-term production from a real field offshore Brazil. This field has been in production for several years, and it represents a significant share of the overall oil production for the country.

The production-optimization step is preceded by a 10-year historical period, where seismic and production data were history matched by use of ensemble-based approaches. The well controls on a sequence of control steps (time intervals) are optimized for the next 10 years of production by use of the hierarchical-multiscale-optimization and the refinement-indicator-based hierarchical-multiscale-optimization techniques, which refine the control steps as the optimization proceeds. The performance of our approaches is compared with that of a reference case, which applies the well rates used to forecast the production of the real field, as well as with the performance of a standard optimization procedure that uses a fixed set of well controls and a simple procedure to refine control steps.
Optimal Decline Curve Analysis (DCA) Models for Liquid Rich Shale (LRS) Gas Condensate Reservoirs
Authors: Khanal A.. , Khoshghadam M.. , Lee W. J.
Published: August 2015

Arps' decline model was developed for the boundary dominated flow (BDF) regime that is reached quickly in conventional reservoirs. Without modification, the Arps model does not work well for unconventional reservoirs with long-duration transient flow and variable bottom-hole pressure. This paper presents results of a study of different decline models that are used to forecast production in LRS reservoirs with long-duration transient flow.

The study used synthetic future production data generated using reservoir parameters typical of those observed in practice. In traditional DCA, a single curve is fitted to the entire production data without using the historical pressure data. However, the first step in reliable DCA is to identify the different flow regimes using appropriate diagnostic plots and then fitting different flow regimes with different models. This procedure allows us to forecast future production using appropriate decline models.

The results from the study show that log-log pressure-normalized vs. time diagnostic plots correctly identify flow regimes in low permeability LRS plays. Pressure normalization removes the confounding effects of multiphase flow and variable pressure and allows us to predict the time at which we need to switch from transient to boundary-dominated-flow (BDF) DCA models. Pressure normalization can be used on rate restricted wells which would otherwise be not possible using only rate data. Hybrid models, in which early transient linear flow is fitted by models like Duong, or SEPD, followed by the Arps' decline model during BDF, were significantly more accurate than single-flow-regime models. The results from the study also showed that there is a long transition period between early transient linear flow to BDF due to the onset of multiphase flow. Each flow regime, including the transition flow regime, was modeled by calculating appropriate model parameters from available rate-pressure-time data. Hybrid models forecasted the gas EUR accurately. Condensate production was also estimated by using a method proposed by Yu which led to accurate forecasts for lean gas condensate samples.

LRS gas condensate reservoirs have fundamentally different flow behavior than traditional black oil/dry gas reservoirs, and we cannot forecast rates using traditional decline curve analysis without modification. We can use diagnostic plots to select appropriate decline curve methodology based on the type of reservoir fluid.
Dynamic Modeling of Hydraulic Fractures Using Multisegment Wells
Authors: Du Song , Yoshida Nozomu , Liang Baosheng , Chen Jianping
Published: August 2015

Hydraulic fracturing is a stimulation treatment routinely performed to create fracture network on low permeability reservoirs to enhance the productivity. Such induced fracture network has much higher conductivity and generally is treated through either local grid refinement (LGR) to capture the transient phenomenon or embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM). Both approaches require complex gridding meshes, leading to heavy computational time. LGR also requires the orthogonal orientation of hydraulic fracture with horizontal wellbore trajectory. Another challenge for LGR and EDFM comes from the dynamic meshing over the time, embedded from the request of infill drilling and re-fracturing due to the nature of the fast production decline in those hydraulically fractured wells. In the case of infill drilling or re-fracturing, the grids for the well or completion stages have to be generated from the beginning of simulation, causing computational inefficiency. In addition, sensitivity evaluation of well landing point, spacing and completion optimization needs easy preprocessing of model input and quick simulation time.

In this paper, we handled the above challenges through representing hydraulic fracture network with multisegment well (MSW) concept, offering an improved description of the wellbore physics over the conventional well modeling. Since MSW node system is independent upon reservoir grid system, fracture orientation can be at any angle freely with wellbore trajectory, which avoids the complex LGR or EDFM and reduces the number of grids. Meanwhile, MSW provides a flexibility of fracture geometry representation, enabling easy addition and alteration of fractures at any simulation time. We developed a user-friendly interface to process all the grid generation and seamlessly feed into reservoir simulator. We also linked the interface to our in-house uncertainty and optimization package to perform experimental design and automatically submit all the necessary simulations and statistically analyze the simulation results based on EUR and NPV objective functions.

Our MSW approach has been validated by comparing with the LGR through several benchmarking studies of a tight reservoir. A field case was demonstrated for infill drilling among existing vertical wells and re-fracturing operations. While the infill drilling of a well with hydraulic fractures is difficult by the other modeling approach, the MSW option makes it easy by just opening the wellbore with fractures at certain simulation time. The re-fracturing operation is modeled as the opening of the completion. These settings can be done for each well. Our approach also has potential to dynamically couple with stimulation design tools.