bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Dehydration Characteristics of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Root Slices Using Refractance Window Drying Technology
Authors: Akinola Akinjide A , Azeta Osarhiemhen , Ezeorah Stanley N
Published: June 2020

This study investigates the drying characteristics of ginger (zingiber officinale) root slices using the Refractance Window™ drying technology. A laboratory-scale dryer was constructed by modifying a water bath. 3 mm thick ginger root slices were dried on the transparent Mylar PET plastic film that covered the bath, and the variation of the moisture content of the slices with time was determined as the drying progressed. A water temperature of 60 oC was maintained beneath the plastic film. Various drying kinetic data curves are plotted from the drying data and the thin layer model that best fits the drying data was determined. Observations indicated that the ginger root slices dried to a moisture content of 0.1g H2O/g solid on a dry basis in about 210 minutes. The regression analysis results showed that the Haghi and Ghanadzadeh thin layer model best describes the drying data for 3 mm sized slices with the coefficient of determination (  ) value of 0.9985. An effective moisture diffusivity of 8.99 x 10-8 m2/s was observed for the ginger root slices.
Development and Performance Evaluation of A Low-Cost Hydraulic-Operated Biomass Briquetting Machine
Authors: Dairo Olawale U , Adeleke Ademola E , Shittu Taofeek , Ibrahim Nageri A , Adeosun Olayemi J , Iyerimah Rita B
Published: June 2020

Large quantities of agricultural residues produced in Nigeria can provide an alternative way in meeting her energy demand through briquetting. Biomass briquetting is the process of compacting raw biomass materials (wood, charcoal, crop residues, and animal waste) into standard mini-brick units as solid fuel for improved handling and efficiency. A small scale, 40 bar hydraulic operated piston briquetting machine with a capacity of 120 briquettes per hour was developed. The machine comprised of hydraulic, control, press, power, ejection and frame sections, and adopted the binder-less technology. Sawdust and rice husk were used as sample biomass materials. The compressed biomass obtained from the developed machine in form of briquettes had mean diameter and height of 30 mm ±0.02 and 16 mm ±0.01 respectively. The force, deflection, and Young Modulus at peak were 16.30 N, 3.29 mm and 548.11 N/mm2 for Sawdust Briquettes (SB) respectively, while 12.50 N, 1.49 mm; and 481 N/mm2 were obtained for Rice Husk Briquettes (RHB).  The yield stress for SB and RHB were 12 and 9 N/mm2. The heating values obtained for SB and RHB were 51.0 Kcal/g and 39.4 Kcal/g respectively. The output efficiency of the machine was 88% indicating a satisfactory performance of the machine.
Mapping and Evaluation of Flood Risk Areas along Asa River using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
Authors: Adeniran Kamoru A , Ottawale Yinka A. , Ogunshina Matthew S.
Published: June 2020

Flooding in Ilorin city has become a yearly occurrence. Mapping and evaluation of flood risk areas along Asa River in Ilorin metropolis was carried out using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing. The technique used includes conversion of Digital Terrain Model (DTM) to Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) format. The geometric data was obtained from TIN through the use of United States Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Centre, Geo River Analysis System (USACE HEC-geoRAS) in GIS. The obtained geometric data, Manning’s roughness coefficient (n), Expansion and contraction coefficient values and steady flow data of the River were used in HEC-RAS. The n values of 0.035, 0.016 and 0.02 were used for the channel, 0.045, 0.016 and 0.03 were used for the overbank and 0.2 was used for the bridges. Contraction and expansion co efficient value of 0.1 and 0.3 were used for channel and 0.3 and 0.5 were used for the bridges. Gumbel equation was used to estimate the flow for return period of 10, 50 and 100 years and the values of 155.13, 213.44 and 221.43 m3/s were obtained respectively. Delineated map was then compared with TIN terrain model to generate inundation map. The map revealed that some areas in Ilorin such as Coca-Cola Road, Baba Ode, Unity road, Obo Road, Taiwo-Isale, Amilengbe, Isale Koko, Mubo Phase 1, Mubo Phase 11, Royal Valley and Akerebiata prone to flood disasters. Estimated maximum top width for inundated area along the river ranges from 900.74 to 2375.11m.Keywords:-GIS, River Asa, DEM, Flood risk, HEC-RAS, Ground slope
Effect of Traffic and Geometric Characteristics of Rural Two Lane Roads on Traffic Safety: a case study of Ilesha-Akure-Owo road, South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Popoola Monsuru O , Abiola Oladapo S , Odunfa Simeon O
Published: June 2020

Road safety engineering involves identifying influencing factors causing traffic crashes through accident data, carrying out detailed accident studies at different locations and implementing relevant remedial measures. This study was carried out to establish relationship between traffic accident characteristics (frequency and severity) and traffic and road design characteristics on a two-lane highway. Statistical models applied in traffic accident modeling are Poisson regression, Negative Binomial regression (NB), and Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial regression (ZINB).; Traffic flow and road geometry related variables were the independent variables of the models. Using Ilesha-Akure-Owo highway, South-West, Nigeria accident prediction models were developed on the basis of accident data obtained from Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) during a 4-year monitoring period extending between 2012 and 2015. Curve radius (CR), lane width (LW), shoulder factor (SF), access road (CHAR), average annual daily traffic (AADT), parentage heavy good vehicle (HGV) and traffic sign posted (TSP) were the identified effective factors on crash occurrence probability. Finally, a comparison of the three models developed proved the efficiency of ZINB models against traditional Poisson and NB models. Keywords— Traffic accidents. Single carriageway, accident prediction model, road geometric characteristics.
A Review of A Bioenergy Policy Implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Opportunities and Challenges- A Case of Nigeria, Ghana and Malawi
Authors: Odetoye Temitope E , Ajala Elijah O , Titiloye James Omotayo
Published: June 2020

In response to the global recognition of bioenergy as a significant source of renewable energy necessary for mitigating the global environmental challenge, the Governments of various African countries are starting to develop their economic and energy policies towards the adoption, development, production, and utilization of biomass for production of biofuel in some African communities. Although, Government’s role and policy have been identified as key factors for effective adoption of biomass energy, the implementation, its production, and utilization is not yet at fully blown stage in most countries of sub-Saharan African. Despite the challenges of non-competitive price of biofuel with fossil fuel and threat of electronic vehicle induced biofuel demand decrease, biofuel has potentials for alternative uses worthy of consideration in African countries. This paper reviews the current developments in adopting biofuel production and utilization in some sub-Saharan African countries, identifying the causes of being at the early stage, despite the enormous potential. This paper also recommends a strategy for achieving a relatively rapid outcome in bioenergy policy implementation in sub-Saharan African. Keywords— Bioenergy, biodiesel, biofuel, biomass, policy, Sub-Saharan African
An Improved Anomalous Intrusion Detection Model
Authors: Akinyemi Bodunde O , Adekunle Johnson B , Aladesanmi Temitope A , Aderounmu Adesola G , Kamagate Beman H
Published: June 2020

The volume of cyber-attack targeting network resources within the cyberspace is steadily increasing and evolving. Network intrusions compromise the confidentiality, integrity or availability of network resources causing reputational damage and the consequential financial loss. One of the key cyber-defense tools against these attacks is the Intrusion Detection System. Existing anomalous intrusion detection models often misclassified normal network traffics as attacks while minority attacks go undetected due to an extreme imbalance in network traffic data. This leads to a high false positive and low detection rate. This study focused on improving the detection accuracy by addressing the class imbalanced problem which is often associated with network traffic dataset. Live network traffic packets were collected within the test case environment with Wireshark during normal network activities, Syncflood attack, slowhttppost attack and exploitation of known vulnerabilities on a targeted machine. Fifty-two features including forty-two features similar to Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD ’99) intrusion detection dataset were extracted from the packet meta-data using Spleen tool. The features were normalized with min-max normalization algorithm and Information Gain algorithm was used to select the best discriminatory features from the feature space. An anomalous intrusion detection model was formulated by a cascade of k-means clustering algorithm and random-forest classifier. The proposed model was simulated and its performance was evaluated using detection accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity as metrics. The result of the evaluation showed 10% higher detection accuracy, 29% sensitivity, and 0.2% specificity than the existing model. Keywords— anomalous, cyber-attack, Detection, Intrusion
Environmental Assessment of Surface Water/Coal Deposit Interaction from Trace Minerals in Okaba Coal Field, Okaba North Central Nigeria
Authors: Adigun Oluwole D , Kayode Sunday
Published: June 2020

The concentration of inorganic chemical substances released into surface water from Okaba coal deposit were measured using spectroscopic techniques in order to assess the extent of pollution. Parameters measured (Pb, Fe, Cu, Cr, SO42-,  Cl-, Mn, Zn and pH) showed that water samples within the mine area contain Pb, Fe, Cr, Cl-, Mn and Zn in concentrations beyond permissible intake limits; and the concentration of chloride measured (3000 mg/L) is capable of causing acid mine drainage (AMD). Concurrent evaluation of these inorganic substances using quantitative assessment reveal the possible presence of trace minerals like galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and clay in Okaba coal deposit. Keywords— Acid mine drainage (AMD), Coal, Trace minerals, Water pollution
Determination of Strength Classes of Selected Nigerian Timbers in Accordance with EN338 (2009)
Authors: Sholadoye Idayat O , Abubakar Idris
Published: June 2020

Wood has several unique, independent properties. The physical and mechanical properties of wood do vary from species to species and even within species due to environmental conditions during growth. In Nigeria, timber is been grade based on permissible stress (NCP) an upgrade to the limit state is required. A laboratory test was carried out to develop the physical and mechanical properties (four-point bending test) of the timber species in accordance with EN 13153-1, ASTM D143 and EN 408. The strength classification of selected timber was performed according to EN 338 using characteristic value of the material properties in accordance with EN384 from the generated physical and mechanical properties, after being adjusted to 12% (Eurocodes reference moisture content). The timber species considered were Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea. The result showed Tectona grandis had a higher property than Gmelina arborea and the species were assigned to strength classes of D50 and D35 (hardwoods) respectively. The study shows that the selected timber species are suitable for structural purposes.Keywords: Strength classes, Nigerian timber, Four-point bending test, Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea
A Framework for Sustainable Maintenance of Offshore Energy Structures
Authors: Okoro Uzoma G , Adedipe Oyewole , Lawal Sunday A , Diugwu Ikechukwu A
Published: June 2020

This paper proposes a structure for maintenance decision support suitable for application to renewable energy assets. The method combines subjective tacit knowledge of subject-area experts with well-structured Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) to elicit weights of criteria relevant for effects evaluation of possible failures modes towards support for component’s maintenance decisions. The Technique for Ordered Preference using Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) algorithm is adopted for aggregating the evaluation scores and achieving priority indexing given the conflicting characteristics of some criteria. Part of the highlights of the Framework is the implementation of the group experts, as well as individual expert's elicitations in a complimentary manner that eliminates subjective opinions and achieves a repeatable evaluation score. The conclusion of the analysis is the prioritisation of the component’s failure; An indicative case study of offshore wind turbine jacket support structure is used to demonstrate the applicability of the approach and the analysis results-which shows priority failure modes for focused maintenance intervention as bending of Chord/Brace ( ), collapse of Chord/Brace ( ), buckling of Long piles ( ), and Truss( ), overturning of Skirt pile ( ), and fatigue of Long pile ( ), further demonstrates the capacity of the model to support maintenance decisions. Caution is exercised in the selection of criteria that would capture the objectives of the risk analyses by consulting wide range of industry experts. Keywords— AHP, Expert, Offshore energy, TOPSIS, Wind turbine Support Structure
Norma internacional 220 en el control de calidad de auditorías financieras en sociedades civiles ordinarias
Authors: Curiñahui-Ingaroca Anyela J.
Published: June 2020

La investigación tuvo el objetivo de describir la aplicación de la Norma Internacional de auditoría 220, en el control de calidad de la auditoría de los estados financieros realizada por dos Sociedades Civiles Ordinarias de la ciudad de Huánuco. El estudio fue de enfoque cuantitativo, aplicado, tipo descriptivo simple. La población muestral fue seleccionada no probabilísticamente conformada por 40 empleados de dos empresas Campos y Ramón, 20 de cada una. Se aplicó la técnica de encuesta y el análisis documental. Se utilizó una lista de cotejo y un cuestionario previamente validado y fiabilizado. Se tuvo en cuenta las consideraciones éticas. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo de carácter cualitativo con medidas de tendencias central. En los resultados se obtuvo que una cuarta parte de la muestra (25%) aplicaba la norma internacional 220 que establece normas profesionales y los requerimientos legales y reglamentarios, adecuadas en función de las circunstancias. Sin embargo, 47,5% tenía opinión favorable de su viabilidad de aplicación. Se concluye que las Sociedades Civiles Ordinarias, aplican en porcentajes bajos la Norma Internacional 220, en el control de calidad de auditorías financieras de las empresas, por lo que merece su difusión y generalización a fin de emitir informes sin salvedades.
Control interno y gestión de inventarios de la empresa constructora Peter Contratistas S.R. Ltda
Authors: Angulo-Rivera Rubin J.
Published: June 2020

La investigación tuvo el objetivo de determinar la relación entre el control interno y la gestión de inventarios de la empresa Constructora PETER Contratistas S.R. LTDA de la ciudad de Huánuco en el 2018. Fue de enfoque cuantitativo, nivel aplicado, prospectivo, transversal de tipo descriptivo correlacional. La población muestral la conformaron 18 trabajadores, seleccionados no probabilísticamente por conveniencia del investigador. Se utilizó la técnica de encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario de control interno y de gestión de inventarios, previamente validadas y fiabilizadas mediante el Alpha de Cronbach (α = 0,87). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y la comprobación de hipótesis fue mediante la X2, para p < 0,05. Se aplicaron las consideraciones éticas de investigación. Los resultados indican que 88.9% (16) consideraron que el control interno se aplicaba de manera adecuada y un 11.1% (2) refirieron lo contrario; 94.4% (17) de los encuestados consideró que la gestión de inventarios se desarrollaba de forma eficiente y 5.6% (1) consideran como deficiente. La comprobación de hipótesis mostró un valor x2 = 4,656 con p = 0,000. Se concluye que el control interno favorece la gestión de inventarios de la empresa Constructora PETER Contratistas S.R. LTDA., de la ciudad de Huánuco – 2019.
Gestión del financiamiento y desarrollo de la micro y pequeña empresa manufacturera en el departamento de Huánuco
Authors: Palomino-Gonzales Julia
Published: June 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo, demostrar que la gestión del financiamiento influye en el desarrollo de las micro y pequeñas empresas (MYPE) manufactureras de la región Huánuco en el 2017. Fue una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, aplicada, analítica, longitudinal y de diseño cuasi experimental. La población fue de 1,722 MYPES, y de ellas se seleccionaron 50 por muestreo no probalístico a conveniencia del investigador. En la recolección de datos, se utilizó una entrevista de características generales y un cuestionario de conocimiento de la gestión del financiamiento y de desarrollo empresarial, validado y con 0.8 de confiabilidad. Se aplicaron las consideraciones éticas para la investigación. Los resultados muestran que las dimensiones: necesidad de financiamiento, elección del proveedor financiero, gestión de los desembolsos y el acceso al crédito en el pre test fueron consideradas en la frecuencia de raramente; en el pos test hubo cambios hacia la frecuencia de siempre o a veces. El desarrollo de las MYPE en el pre test fue evaluado como moderado por 44% del grupo experimental. En el grupo control un 72% lo consideraba mínimo. En el post test, en la mayoría del grupo experimental, predominó el nivel de desarrollo moderado (80.0%) y 12% del grupo control, alcanzó el nivel moderado. Según la prueba t-Student se obtuvo t = 24.699, p 0,000, siendo las diferencias de promedios significativas, observándose mayor desarrollo en el grupo experimental y se concluye que la aplicación de la gestión del financiamiento desarrolla las MYPE manufactureras, por lo que se considera factible de aplicación.
Calidad de las recetas de enfermería y conocimiento de las madres sobre suplementación con hierro
Authors: Morales-Clemente James
Published: June 2020

La presente investigación, tuvo el objetivo de determinar la relación entre la calidad de las recetas de enfermería y el conocimiento de la madre sobre suplementación con hierro. Fue una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, aplicada, descriptiva, prospectiva, transversal y de tipo correlacional. La muestra la conformaron 54 madres que asistían al Servicio de Control de Crecimiento y Desarrollo del ACLAS “Pillco Marca” de Huánuco, las que fueron seleccionadas por el método de muestreo probabilístico tipo aleatorio simple. Para la recolección de datos, se empleó una guía de entrevista sociodemográfica, una lista de cotejo para evaluar la calidad de recetas y el cuestionario de conocimiento de la madre sobre suplementación con hierro al niño/niña, previamente validados y confiables. El análisis descriptivo se realizó de las variables abordadas y la comprobación de la hipótesis fue mediante la prueba Chi cuadrado para p ≤ 0,05 y 95% de confianza. Se aplicaron las consideraciones éticas de la investigación. Los resultados muestran que, al evaluar la calidad de las recetas de enfermería, 83.3%(45) presentaban buena calidad y solo 3.7%(2) fueron de mala calidad, en tanto el tipo de conocimiento de las madres sobre suplementación con hierro al niño/niña, fue correcto en 79.6%(43) y solo 20.4%(11) presentaron de forma incorrecta. Al contrastar la relación entre las variables, se obtuvo un valor X2 = 6.645 para un grado de libertad y p =0.002, siendo significativo. Se concluye que, la calidad de las recetas de enfermería tiene relación con el conocimiento de la madre sobre suplementación con hierro.
Antropologia, raça e educação higiênica: os estudos de Arthur Lobo da Silva sobre medicina militar no Brasil das primeiras décadas do século XX
Authors: Bomfim Tiago Vicente Penteado , Souza Vanderlei Sebastião de
Published: June 2020

O artigo analisa a atuação do médico e higienista Arthur Lobo da Silva (1873-1964) na produção e divulgação da medicina militar no interior do Exército Brasileiro, entre os anos de 1910 a 1940. Buscamos compreender de que maneira os debates envolvendo a medicina militar estiveram ligados tanto à educação higiênica e aos serviços de saúde do exército, quanto aos estudos de antropologia física e o debate sobre a criação dos “tipos raciais” e a formação da identidade nacional, temáticas centrais na tradição antropológica desse período. Para a realização deste artigo, analisamos as obras de Arthur Lobo e outros médicos, antropólogos e educadores, bem como os textos publicados em jornais, periódicos e revistas científicas das primeiras décadas do século XX, sobretudo aqueles relacionados ao campo da medicina militar, da educação higiênica e da antropologia física.
Entre experiências e saberes: narrativas de professoras em exercício nos anos iniciais
Authors: Monteiro Filomena Maria de Arruda
Published: June 2020

Neste artigo, pretende-se apresentar algumas reflexões, recorte de um projeto maior de pesquisa concluída com um grupo de professoras sobre experiências e saberes construídos em um dos momentos do processo de desenvolvimento profissional da docência. Igualmente, propõe-se a evidenciar os sentidos atribuídos pelas professoras em exercício ao trabalho docente nos anos iniciais e as contínuas negociações de significações em um espaço tridimensional: temporal, relacional e contextual, ancorando-se na pesquisa narrativa. O trabalho docente é marcado por um tempo e lugar, exige um compromisso político e pedagógico, implicando, muitas vezes, satisfação, tensões e desafios para as professoras na realização do exercício da docência. Há uma busca, nesse processo, para entender a si mesmas no convívio com os outros que, ao provocar mudanças uns nos outros, desencadeia aprendizagens coletivas. As experiências e os saberes narrados possibilitam-nos ver as singularidades e potencialidades para investigações sobre o desenvolvimento profissional, entrelaçado ao movimento de significações em um contexto específico de atuação, dando outros significados aos saberes e aos fazeres docentes.
Trans-formando a universidade: um estudo sobre o acesso e a permanência de pessoas trans no ensino superior
Authors: Scote Fausto Delphino , Garcia Marcos Roberto Vieira
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo trata do acesso e da permanência da população trans junto ao ensino superior. Paralelamente a uma revisão bibliográfica concernente ao tema, é apresentada uma pesquisa de campo composta por seis entrevistas abertas com mulheres trans e travestis e uma entrevista com um homem trans. Os sujeitos abordados pertencem a diferentes raças/etnias, classes sociais e frequentam diferentes universidades. Os resultados apontam que o acesso à universidade foi facilitado por conquistas específicas do movimento trans – como a implementação legal e o direito de utilização do nome social para travestis e transexuais em instituições de ensino que aderiram à legislação e nas avaliações nacionais como o ENEM – e por conquistas mais amplas, destacadas as políticas governamentais voltadas ao acesso de minorias étnicas e raciais de baixa renda, via oferta de vagas em universidades públicas federais e estaduais pelo sistema SISU, e oferta de bolsas de estudos em universidades privadas e confessionais, pelo PROUNI. Também foi fundamental o recurso de projetos sociais, como o “cursinho preparatório”, voltados a travestis e transexuais. Por outro lado, ainda são isolados os casos de políticas públicas de permanência relacionadas à população trans, inexistindo oferta e manutenção de políticas públicas específicas. Foram relatadas dificuldades relativas ao pagamento de matrícula e mensalidades da universidade; à utilização de banheiro segundo o gênero de identificação; ao acesso à moradia estudantil e a bolsas de auxílio-alimentação; e a falta de trato adequado por parte de docentes e funcionárias/os não capacitadas/os a lidarem com pessoas trans. Desta forma, conclui-se que a participação na militância trans no contexto universitário constitui elemento importante para a transformação deste ambiente, contribuindo para a mudança de paradigmas; a aceitação das subjetividades; o reconhecimento de direitos; e o respeito à diversidade humana.
O uso de articuladores no texto acadêmico-argumentativo: uma intervenção pedagógica sobre a escrita de estudantes de pedagogia a distância
Authors: Castro Rafael Fonseca de , Damiani Magda Floriana
Published: June 2020

Este artigo é resultado de uma tese de doutorado que objetivou investigar a evolução da escrita de acadêmicas de um curso de Pedagogia a distância de uma universidade do Sul do Brasil, por meio de uma pesquisa do tipo intervenção pedagógica. Sua relevância ancora-se nos resultados alarmantes relativos ao uso/domínio da escrita, inclusive entre os universitários brasileiros. A situação preocupa, sobremaneira, nos casos de futuras professoras alfabetizadoras da Educação Básica. As pesquisas do tipo intervenção pedagógica são investigações que envolvem o planejamento e a implementação de interferências (mudanças, inovações pedagógicas) destinadas a produzir avanços, melhorias, aprimoramentos em processos educacionais – e a posterior avaliação dos seus efeitos. Durante sete semestres, foram realizadas atividades pedagógicas sistematizadas orientadas e minucioso acompanhamento-interventivo sobre as produções textuais das acadêmicas. O referido estudo adotou como base teórico-metodológica a Teoria Histórico-Cultural, em profícuo diálogo com a Linguística Textual. Os dados da investigação foram coletados via análise documental (dos textos produzidos), questionário e entrevista. Os dados das análises dos textos foram cruzados com os depoimentos das acadêmicas, produzindo resultados comunicados via análise textual discursiva. Neste recorte, destacamos os resultados relativos à evolução linguística quanto ao uso de articuladores textuais nas escritas das acadêmicas, mediante o processo interventivo empreendido, com destaque para: o aumento proporcional do uso de articuladores nos textos; a diminuição da proporção de erros no uso desses recursos e; o aumento do repertório de articuladores textuais. O êxito da intervenção desmistifica preconceitos sobre “problemas de escrita” como se não fosse possível solucioná-los.
Imagem e educação: um estudo sobre a potencialidade educativa das imagens por meio da compreensão de imago e sua influência no exercício do pensar
Authors: Nunes Meire Aparecida Lóde , Oliveira Terezinha
Published: June 2020

O objetivo do texto é refletir acerca do uso de imagens como elemento educativo, tendo como parâmetro o conceito medieval de imago e sua importância para a constituição do pensamento. Nossa reflexão origina-se da consideração de que as imagens, a partir do século XX, Sugestão: têm papel protagonista na comunicação entre as pessoas, portanto, transformam-se em interlocutoras de ideias e de informações. Entretanto, sua relevância no campo educacional ainda é tímida. Em geral, as imagens são usadas para tornar o processo de aprendizagem menos árido. Em virtude disso, suscitamos como hipótese de estudo: o modus como as imagens foram usadas, enquanto recurso pedagógico em outros momentos sociais, estaria estreitamente vinculado à formação humana e, por conseguinte, distinto do modo como, em geral, a usamos hoje, ou seja, limitando-a a um recurso imagético. Nossas reflexões consideram a imagem em seus três domínios, tal como o conceito medieval de imago: imagem material, imagem como imaginação e imagem como semelhança divina. Estabelecidas essas premissas, salientamos que nossa abordagem tem como princípio teórico os fundamentos aristotélicos que nos permitem apreender a imagem como um processo mental, imprescindível ao exercício do pensar e à história social, o qual apresenta o homem como epicentro do fazer social. Consideramos que esses dois princípios nos permitirão pensar a imagem como recurso educativo sob a perspectiva de imago, uma vez que as formulações de Aristóteles foram a base desse conceito no medievo e a história é a base para compreender as ações dos homens no tempo.
Particle Aging and Aerosol–Radiation Interaction Affect Volcanic Plume Dispersion: Evidence from Raikoke Eruption 2019
Authors: Muser Lukas Ole , Hoshyaripour Gholam Ali , Bruckert Julia , Horvath Akos , Malinina Elizaveta , Peglow Sandra , Prata Fred J. , Rozanov Alexei , von Savigny Christian , Vogel Heike , Vogel Bernhard
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A correct and reliable forecast of volcanic plume dispersion is vital for aviation safety. This can only be achieved by representing all responsible physical and chemical processes (sources, sinks, and interactions) in the forecast models. The representation of the sources has been enhanced over the last decade, while the sinks and interactions have received less attention. In particular, aerosol dynamic processes and aerosol-radiation interaction are neglected so far. Here we address this gap by further developing the ICON-ART (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic – Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases) global modelling system to account for these processes. We use this extended model for the simulation of volcanic aerosol dispersion after the Raikoke eruption in June 2019. Additionally, we validate the simulation results with measurements from AHI (Advanced Himawari Imager), CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization), and OMPS-LP (Ozone Mapping and Profiling Suite – Limb Profiler). Our results show that around 50 % of very fine volcanic ash mass (particles with diameter d < 30 µm) is removed due to particle growth and aging. Furthermore, the maximum volcanic cloud top height rises more than 6 km over the course of 4 days after the eruption due to aerosol-radiation interaction. This is the first direct evidence that shows how cumulative effects of aerosol dynamics and aerosol-radiation interaction lead to a more precise forecast of very fine ash lifetime in volcanic clouds.
Atomic emission detector with gas chromatographic separation and cryogenic pre-concentration (CryoTrap-GC-AED) for atmospheric trace gas measurements
Authors: Karu Einar , Li Mengze , Ernle Lisa , Brenninkmeijer Carl A. M. , Lelieveld Jos , Williams Jonathan
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A gas detection system has been developed, characterized and deployed for pressurized gas phase sample analyses and near real-time online measurements. It consists of a cryogenic pre-concentrator (CryoTrap), a gas chromatograph (GC), and a new high-resolution atomic emission detector (AED III). Here the CryoTrap–GC–AED instrumental setup is presented and the performance for iodine (1635 ± 135 counts I-atom-1 pptv-1), sulfur (409 ± 57 counts S-atom-1 pptv-1), carbon (636 ± 69 counts C-atom-1 pptv-1), bromine (9.1 ± 1.8 counts Br-atom-1 pptv-1) and nitrogen (28 ± 2 counts N-atom-1 pptv-1) emission lines is reported and discussed. The limits of detection (LODs) are in the low pptv range (0.5–9.7 pptv) and the signal is linear to at least 4 orders of magnitude, which makes it a suitable method for diverse volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements in the atmosphere, even in remote, unpolluted regions. The new system was utilized in a field study in a boreal forest at Hyytiälä, Finland in late summer 2016 which made monoterpene measurements possible among the other VOCs. Furthermore, pressurized global whole-air sample measurement collected onboard the Lufthansa Airbus A340-600 IAGOS-CARIBIC aircraft in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region was carried out with the new setup, providing the observational data of many VOCs, including the long-lived organosulfur compound carbonyl sulfide.
Long-term Field Experiments in Germany: Classification and spatial Representation
Authors: Grosse Meike , Hierold Wilfried , Ahlborn Marlen C. , Helming Katharina
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The collective analysis of long-term field experiments (LTFE) can be used for detecting changes in soil properties and yield such as induced by climate change. However, information about existing LTFEs is scattered, and the research data are not easily accessible. In this study, meta-information on LTFEs in Germany is compiled and their spatial representation is analysed. The study is conducted within the framework of the BonaRes project, which, inter alia, has established a central access point for LTFE information and research data. A total of 205 LTFEs is identified with a minimum duration of twenty years and research in the context of soil and yield. Of these, 140 LTFEs are ongoing. LTFEs are categorized into fertilization, tillage, and crop rotation experiments. The spatial representation is analysed according to the climatic water balance (CWB) and the Müncheberger Soil Quality Rating (MSQR). The results show that, in general, the LTFEs well represent the area shares of both the CWB and the MSQR classes. 89 % of the arable land and 65 % of the grassland in Germany is covered by the three driest CWB classes, hosting 89 % and 71 % of the arable and grassland LTFE, respectively. LTFE cover all six MSQR classes, however with a bias towards the high and very high soil quality classes. The results confirm the very high potential of LTFE data for spatially differentiated analyses and modelling. However, reuse is restricted by the difficult access to LTFE research data. The common database is an important step in overcoming this restriction.
Tracking the impacts of the Aru glacier collapses on downstream lakes
Authors: Lei Yanbin , Yao Tandong , Tian Lide , Sheng Yongwei ,   Lazhu, Liao Jingjuan , Zhao Huabiao , Yang Wei , Yang Kun , Brun Fanny , Gao Yang , Wu Guangjian
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Two giant glaciers at the Aru range, western Tibetan Plateau, collapsed suddenly on 17 July and 21 September 2016, respectively, causing fatal damage to local people and their livestock. The ice avalanches, with a total volume of 150 × 106 m3, had almost melted by September 2019. Based on in-situ observation, bathymetry survey and satellite data, here we show the impacts of the two glacier collapses on the downstream lakes, the outflow Aru Co and the terminal Memar Co, in terms of lake morphology, water level and water temperature in the subsequent four years (2016–2019). After the first glacier collapse, the ice avalanche slid into Aru Co along with a large amount of debris, which significantly modified the lake’s shoreline and bathymetry. Lake surface temperature (LST) at Aru Co and Memar Co exhibited a significant decrease of 2–4 oC in the first 1–2 weeks after the first glacier collapse due to the intruding ice into Aru Co and its melting. Memar Co significantly deepened by 12.5 m between 2000 and 2018, with accelerated lake level increase after the glacier collapses. Memar Co expanded rapidly at a rate of 0.80 m/yr between 2016 and 2019, which is about 30 % higher than the average rising rate between 2003 and 2014. The meltwater from ice avalanches was found to contribute to about 26.4 % of the increase in lake storage between 2016 and 2019. This study implies that the Aru glacier collapses had long-term and dramatic impacts on the downstream lakes.
Improved Multimodel Superensemble Forecast for Sea Ice Thickness using Global Climate Models
Authors: Yangjun Wang , Kefeng Liu , Ren Zhang , Longxia Qian , Yu Zhang
Published: June 2020

Abstract. This paper aims to find a possible ensemble method to combine the global climate models, providing an accuracy forecast of sea ice thickness. Conventional multimodel superensemble, the advanced method that is widely used in atmosphere, ocean and other fields, cannot be well performed in sea ice thickness simulation. Hence, an adaptive forecasting through exponential re-weighting (AFTER) algorithm is adopted to improve the conventional multimodel superensemble. Results show our proposed methods perform better than any other mainstream ensemble methods by using a multi-criteria evaluation. The proposed method is used to predict the future sea ice thickness in the period of 2020–2049, where the possible biases are discussed.
Disrupting Contemporary Child Slavery Through Organization Networks: The Possibilities and Barriers
Authors: Shultz Lynette
Published: June 2020

Increases in slavery have been identified in most countries in the world and are understood to be a global problem with local patterns and consequences. Education organizations, including schools, teacher organizations, as well as non-formal education organizations, have the potential to function as powerful partners in preventing and eliminating child slavery through the provision of quality education and also as locations of information sharing and action coordination. This study examines existing organization, inter-organization and organization–institution networked relationships to understand if and how education organizations have taken up an active role as sites to disrupt contemporary child slavery or to rehabilitate children removed from slavery. The study reveals four key barriers to successful utilization of education providers and provides new understandings of how to more effectively address the ever more expansive and violent practice of child slavery.
Le redoublement de l'esclavage a été identifié dans la plupart des pays du monde et reconnu comme un problème mondial avec des conséquences et caractéristiques locaux. Les organisations scolaires, comprenant les écoles, les organisations des enseignants ainsi que d'autres organisations scolaires non formelles, ont la possibilité de fonctionner comme des partenaires puissants dans la prévention et l'élimination de l'esclavage des enfants en procurant une éducation de qualité et en servant comme les lieux d'échange de renseignements et de coordination d'actions. Cette étude examine la relation entre les membres du réseau déjà établi des organisations, inter-organisations et des institutions pour savoir si et comment les organisations scolaires prennent un rôle actif comme des sites, luttant contre l'esclavage contemporain des enfants, ou servant de centres de réadaptation aux enfants sauvés de l'esclavage. Cette étude montre les quatre barrières clés qui interdisent le succès du service des pourvoyeurs d'éducation et propose de nouvelles compréhensions pour montrer une voie plus efficace dans la lutte contre la pratique expansive et violente de l'esclavage des enfants.
Literacy, Diversity and Education: Meeting the Contemporary Challenge
Authors: Berger Marie , Die George , Forgette-Giroux René
Published: June 2020

The changing nature of our classrooms in terms of students’ racial population demands an understanding and validation into the different ways in which various ethnocultural and Aboriginal students respond to schools, classroom environments, curricula, and teaching strategies to ensure academic success. This paper is part of a larger study that examines literacy and diversity in relation to the educational challenges in Ontario schools. The focus of this paper is on a qualitative case study involving twenty educators. The study’s findings reveal educators’ articulations with regards to the connections between equity, diversity and multiple literacies.
La nature changeante de nos salles de classe en termes de la population raciale des étudiants exige une compréhension et une validation des différentes manières auxquelles les divers étudiants ethnoculturels et indigènes répondent aux écoles, aux environnements de salle de classe, aux programmes d’études, et aux stratégies d’enseignement pour assurer le succès scolaire. Ce travail fait partie d’une étude plus large qui examine la littératie et la diversité dans les écoles ontariennes par rapport aux défis éducationnels. Le travail met l’accent sur une étude de cas qualitative impliquant vingt éducateurs. L’étude révèle les articulations des éducateurs en ce qui concerne les liens entre l’équité, la diversité et les littératies multiples.
Cost-Sharing in Higher Education in Tanzania: The Experiences of the 1990s and One Decade Later
Authors: Puja Grace
Published: June 2020

This article discusses the cost- sharing experiences of 73 Tanzanian female undergraduates who took part in a 1997 study. It also integrated views and suggestions of the 2007 students from the University of Dar es Salaam and Sokoine University of Agriculture, Mazimbu campus. The University of Dar es Salaam was closed in 2007 because First Year students boycotted classes to protest the government’s policy that required them to pay 40% for their higher education. I advocate for partnership in student financing and the introduction of graduate tax for recovering higher education students’ loans.
Cet article traite les expériences du partage des coûts de 73 tanzaniennes du premier cycle qui ont pris part à une étude en 1997. Il a également intégré les avis et les suggestions des étudiants de 2007 venant de l’Université de Dar es Salaam et de l’Université d’agriculture Sokoine du campus de Mazimbu. L’Université de Dar es Salaam a été fermée en 2007 car les étudiants de première année ont boycotté les cours afin de protester contre la politique du gouvernement qui leur a exigé de payer 40 % des frais pour l’enseignement supérieur. Je préconise un partenariat de financement des étudiants ainsi que l’introduction d’un impôt gradué afin de recouvrir les prêts des étudiants de l’enseignement supérieur.
Japanese Aesthetics and English Education in the Global Age
Authors: Kurihara Kazuko
Published: June 2020

With the advent of the global information age, Japanese youth today are required to have authentic abilities to communicate with different peoples from different countries in the English language, rather than simply a good knowledge of practical and functional American English. Affective learners of English are created through aesthetic reading, especially English poetry, when moved or inspired by the authenticity of the content implying the profound but subtle meaning of human emotion in life. In this sense, the way of affective and aesthetic English learning follows the traditional Japanese appreciation of ephemeral beauty. As an authentic incentive to intellectual activities, this sensitivity leads to a deep, accurate, and rapid understanding of different peoples in the global world. American English education in Japan therefore should be aimed at a broader goal of English as a shared language for Internet-based communication, fostering a greater sense of traditional Japanese beauty for a more affective English-learner in the global community.
Avec l’avènement de l’ère de la mondialisation, la jeunesse japonaise d’aujourd’hui est tenue d’avoir des capacités authentiques afin de communiquer avec différents peuples de différents pays dans la langue anglaise, plutôt que de simplement avoir une bonne connaissance, pratique et fonctionnelle, de l’anglais américain. Des apprenants affectifs de l’anglais sont stimulés par la lecture esthétique, particulièrement la poésie anglaise, lorsqu’ils sont émus ou inspirés par l’authenticité du contexte impliquant la signification profonde mais subtile de l’émotion humaine dans la vie. Dans ce sens, la manière affective et esthétique de l’apprentissage anglaise suit l’appréciation japonaise traditionnelle de la beauté éphémère. Comme incitation authentique aux activités intellectuelles, cette sensibilité mène à une compréhension profonde, précise et rapide de différents peuples dans le monde globalisé. L’éducation de l’anglais américain devrait alors viser à un objectif plus général de l’anglais non seulement comme langue partagée pour la communication par Internet, mais aussi favorisant un plus grand sens de beauté traditionnelle japonaise afin de produire des apprenants affectifs dans la communauté globale.
Pour une conceptualisation de la compétence multiculturelle de l’enseignant
Authors: Moldoveanu Mirela
Published: June 2020

Dans un contexte de professionnalisation des enseignants, la compétence multiculturelle bénéficie d’un statut ambigu et controversé autant dans les discours gouvernementaux que dans la pratique enseignante. En s’appuyant sur des formalisations récentes du concept de compétence, cette étude vise à cerner le sens et le statut de la compétence multiculturelle de l’enseignant. Menée auprès de neuf étudiants-maîtres francophones, cette recherche exploratoire utilisant une méthodologie qualitative interprétative propose une définition de la compétence multiculturelle de l’enseignant et discute du statut à lui accorder parmi les autres compétences professionnelles. Enfin, des suggestions de développement de ladite compétence pendant la formation initiale des enseignants sont formulées.
In the context of teacher professionalization multicultural competence receives an ambiguous and controversial status both in the government discourse and in teaching practice. Based on recent formalizations of the concept of competence, this study aims at defining the meaning and status of teachers’ multicultural competence. This exploratory research carried out with nine francophone student teachers used an interpretive qualitative methodology to propose a definition of multicultural competence for teachers, and discusses the status it should be granted among other professional competences. Suggestions are provided on how to devleop this competence during initial teacher education.
Corruption and Reform in Higher Education in Ukraine
Authors: Osipian Ararat
Published: June 2020

At least thirty percent of Ukrainians enter colleges by paying bribes while many others use their connections with the faculty and administration. Corruption increases inequalities in access to higher education, prevents future economic growth in the country, and undermines quality and credentials of academic degrees. This paper considers corruption in higher education in Ukraine, including such aspects as corruption in admissions to higher education institutions and corruption in administering the newly introduced standardized test. The reform of higher education in Ukraine, based on the national examinations, is intended to be a response to the rapidly changing economic environment and the new social order.
Au moins un tiers des étudiants ukrainiens des collèges universitaires a été admis en payant des pots-de-vins, le reste s’est servi de ses contacts avec les départements académiques et administratifs. La corruption accentue un accès inégal aux universités, freine la croissance économique future du pays et remet en question la qualité et les cartes de présentation des diplômes académiques. Cet article vise la corruption dans les universités ukrainiennes et plus précisément, la corruption lors des processus d’admission dans les institutions d’éducation supérieure ainsi que dans l’administration du nouvel examen standard utilisé à cet effet. La réforme de l’éducation supérieure en Ukraine, basée sur l’application d’examens nationaux, cherche à répondre à un nouvel ordre économique et surtout à un environnement économique en constante mutation.
Capacity Building in Accounting in an Australian University – Lessons for South East Asia
Authors: Burritt Roger
Published: June 2020

Consideration is given to the promotion of and barriers to developing the intellectual capital of academics in triple bottom line accounting for countries in South East Asia. A range of considerations that promote intellectual capacity building in accounting are outlined. The main problems associated with development are also outlined.
Le but de cet article est d’analyser le pour et le contre de la formation des universitaires en comptabilité, tout en adoptant une vision de responsabilité sociale (ou de Triple Résultat) dans les pays du sud est asiatique. L’auteur discute des moyens nécessaires pour promouvoir le développement de compétences en comptabilité. Il offre aussi une élaboration des problèmes principaux associés au développement.