bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The pleiotropic effects of Innexin genes expressed in Drosophila glia encompass wing chemosensory sensilla
Authors: Raad Hussein , Robichon Alain
Published: July 2019

The neuroanatomy of Drosophila wing chemosensilla and the analysis of their sensory organ precursor cell lineage have demonstrated that they are surprisingly related to taste perception. The microarchitecture of wing bristles limits the use of electrophysiology methods to investigate wing chemosensory mechanisms. However, by monitoring the fluorescence of the complex calcium/GCaMP, calcium flux triggered upon tastant stimulation was observed within sensilla aligned along the wing anterior nerve. This string of fluorescent puncta was impaired in wings of Innexin 2 (Inx2) mutant flies; although it is unclear whether the Innexin proteins act at the level of the wing imaginal disc, adult wing and/or at both levels. Glial cells known to shelter Innexin(s) expression have no documented role in adult chemosensory sensilla. Our data suggest that Innexin(s) are likely required for the maturation of functional wing chemosensilla in adulthood. The unexpected presence of most Innexin transcripts in adult wing RNAseq data set argues for the expression of Innexin proteins in the larval imaginal wing disc that are continued in wing chemosensilla at adulthood.

Open Practices

This article has earned an Open Data badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available as supporting materials and includes the electronic lab notebook. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
In silico validation of the non‐antibiotic drugs acetaminophen and ibuprofen as antibacterial agents against red complex pathogens
Authors: Vijayashree Priyadharsini Jayaseelan
Published: July 2019

Background

Acetaminophen (APAP) and ibuprofen (IB) are drugs commonly used to alleviate pain due to their anti‐inflammatory, anti‐pyretic, and analgesic effect. The aim of the present study is to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial potential of these two drugs against red complex pathogens, namely, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, by using in silico tools, since they are potentially associated with inflammatory conditions related to periodontal infections.

Methods

The STITCH v5.0 pipeline was primarily used for identifying drug‐protein interactions; VirulentPred and VICMPred were used for elucidating the virulence property and functional class of the proteins. The subcellular localization of virulent proteins was assessed using PSORTb v3.0 and the epitopes were identified using BepiPred v1.0 Linear Epitope Prediction tool.

Results

APAP and IB were found to interact with proteins involved in cellular process, metabolism, and virulence. The virulent proteins targeted by the drugs were located in the cytoplasm, which would further add to the effectiveness of the drugs to serve as antimicrobial agents. Finally, epitope prediction revealed multiple epitopes in the virulent proteins which can be specifically focused on.

Conclusions

APAP and IB were found to target vital proteins involved in the cellular process, metabolism, and virulence of red complex pathogens. An in‐depth knowledge on the interaction of these drugs and their antibacterial activity would add to the plethora of merits gained by these drugs in clinical settings. Further in vitro studies on a wide range of pathogens are warranted to substantiate the true interactions between the drugs and the protein repertoire of pathogens.
Effect of low‐temperature preservation on quality changes in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei: a review
Authors: Pan Chuang , Chen Shengjun , Hao Shuxian , Yang Xianqing
Published: July 2019

Shrimp has been widely accepted as an excellent resource for white meat due to its high‐protein and low‐fat content, especially low cholesterol. However, shrimps are highly perishable during preservation and retailing procedures due to the activities of enzymatic proteolysis, lipid oxidation, and microbial degradation. With increasing knowledge of and demands for safety, nutrition, and freshness of shrimp products, energy efficient, quality, maintained, and sustainable preservation technologies are needed. Low‐temperature preservation, a practical processing method for improving the shelf life of food products, is widely used in the aquatic industry. This review focuses on the effects of low‐temperature preservation on the quality changes in Litopenaeus vannamei. It considers physicochemical properties, sensory evaluation, melanosis assessment, and microbiological analysis. The perspectives of non‐protein‐based techniques on quality analysis of shrimps during preservation are also discussed. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A close look on the effect of polyethylene glycol on the levansucrase thermostability: a case study of Brenneria sp. levansucrase
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhang Wenli , Guang Cuie , Zhang Tao , Mu Wanmeng
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

To increase the low residual activity of levansucrase during long‐time processing, an enhancement of its weak thermostability is needed. Here, the effect of metal ions and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the thermostability of levansucrase from Brenneria sp. EniD312 were studied and evaluated. The residual activity was determined and the protein structure was evaluated by circular dichroism spectrum, fluorescence intensity (FI), and surface hydrophobicity (S0).

RESULTS

As a result of incubation with 10% (w/v) PEG 4000, the enzyme activity was increased by 1.24‐fold. After incubation with 5% PEG 4000 for 6 h, the residual activity at 35 and 45 °C was decreased to 55% and 60% of the initial activity, with an increase of 1.2‐ and 3.3‐fold than the wild‐type enzyme. Furthermore, the random coil content of enzyme was decreased from 53% of the wild‐type enzyme to 33.9% of the PEG pre‐incubated enzyme. Additionally, the FI was maximally increased and the S0 was decreased from 117 to 69.

CONCLUSION

All of these results suggested that after incubation with PEG 4000, the secondary and tertiary structure of wild‐type enzyme could be greatly maintained and then its thermostability could be increased. This study was the first report on the enhancement of levansucrase thermostability by PEG incubation and might be a good guideline to other researches on levansucrase. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Deciphering Islamic theocracy and tourism: Conceptualization, context, and complexities
Authors: Seyfi Siamak , Hall C. Michael
Published: July 2019

International tourism development in theocratic structures where Islam exercises considerable influence over social, political, and regulatory systems embodies a range of challenges, complexities, and conflicts. Against this backdrop, this paper aimed at exploring the interactions between Islamic theocracy and tourism via an interpretivist approach. Saudi Arabia and Iran are both recognized as countries with a theocratic system of governance and serve as distinctive tourism destinations that provide cases for exploring the interaction between tourism and theocratic institutions and the implications for tourism practice. The study identified several key areas of theocratic influence on tourism, namely, policy‐making, marketing, and gender, and highlighted the complexities of developing tourism outside of pilgrimage and religious travel in theocratic environments. Theocratic conceptualization of governance alongside a framework for understanding the linkages between Islamic theocracy and tourism and implications of such connections are also proposed.
Development of augmented‐reality applications in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery
Authors: Rose Austin S. , Kim Hyounghun , Fuchs Henry , Frahm Jan‐Michael
Published: July 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

Augmented reality (AR) allows for the addition of transparent virtual images and video to one's view of a physical environment. Our objective was to develop a head‐worn, AR system for accurate, intraoperative localization of pathology and normal anatomic landmarks during open head and neck surgery.

Study Design

Face validity and case study.

Methods

A protocol was developed for the creation of three‐dimensional (3D) virtual models based on computed tomography scans. Using the HoloLens AR platform, a novel system of registration and tracking was developed. Accuracy was determined in relation to actual physical landmarks. A face validity study was then performed in which otolaryngologists were asked to evaluate the technology and perform a simulated surgical task using AR image guidance. A case study highlighting the potential usefulness of the technology is also presented.

Results

An AR system was developed for intraoperative 3D visualization and localization. The average error in measurement of accuracy was 2.47 ± 0.46 millimeters (1.99, 3.30). The face validity study supports the potential of this system to improve safety and efficiency in open head and neck surgical procedures.

Conclusions

An AR system for accurate localization of pathology and normal anatomic landmarks of the head and neck is feasible with current technology. A face validity study reveals the potential value of the system in intraoperative image guidance. This application of AR, among others in the field of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery, promises to improve surgical efficiency and patient safety in the operating room.

Level of Evidence

2b Laryngoscope, 129:S1–S11, 2019
Prognostic factors for survival and nonfunctional larynx in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx
Authors: Nachalon Yuval , Reicher Yael , Alkan Uri , Levi Lirit , Bachar Gideon , Popovtzer Aron
Published: July 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

Prognostic variables upon presentation can assist in recommending the optimal treatment for patients and may help in management of patient's expectations and side effects. Our objective was to evaluate prognostic factors for survival and nonfunctional larynx in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Methods

All patients diagnosed as having laryngeal SCC from January 2007 through December 2016 in a tertiary, university‐affiliated medical center were reviewed. Main outcomes were survival and nonfunctional larynx rate.

Results

Two hundred sixty‐five patients were identified; the male:female ratio was 4.5:1. Mean age at diagnosis was 64 ± 11.8 years. Overall and disease‐free survival were 7.9 and 6.7 years, respectively. A univariate analysis found that older age significantly affected survival. Alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus, and advanced disease stage at presentation were also found to decrease survival but were not significant. A multivariate Cox regression found age, alcohol abuse, and advanced disease stage to significantly affect and lower survival (P < .05). Of the entire cohort 19% were defined as having a nonfunctional larynx (e.g., tracheostomy or feeding‐tube dependent). A backward logistic regression found that male sex and advanced disease stage increased the risk, and anterior commissure involvement was found to lower the probability of nonfunctional larynx (P < .01).

Conclusions

Older age, history of alcohol use, and advanced disease stage at presentation negatively affect survival in larynx cancer patients. Male gender and advanced disease stage increased the risk, and anterior commissure involvement was found to lower the risk for tracheostomy or feeding‐tube dependency.

Level of Evidence

4

Laryngoscope, 130:1202–1205, 2020
Splicing dysregulation contributes to the pathogenicity of several F9 exonic point variants
Authors: Katneni Upendra K. , Liss Aaron , Holcomb David , Katagiri Nobuko H. , Hunt Ryan , Bar Haim , Ismail Amra , Komar Anton A. , Kimchi‐Sarfaty Chava
Published: July 2019

Background

Pre‐mRNA splicing is a complex process requiring the identification of donor site, acceptor site, and branch point site with an adjacent polypyrimidine tract sequence. Splicing is regulated by splicing regulatory elements (SREs) with both enhancer and suppressor functions. Variants located in exonic regions can impact splicing through dysregulation of native splice sites, SREs, and cryptic splice site activation. While splicing dysregulation is considered primary disease‐inducing mechanism of synonymous variants, its contribution toward disease phenotype of non‐synonymous variants is underappreciated.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed 415 disease‐causing and 120 neutral F9 exonic point variants including both synonymous and non‐synonymous for their effect on splicing using a series of in silico splice site prediction tools, SRE prediction tools, and in vitro minigene assays.

Results

The use of splice site and SRE prediction tools in tandem provided better prediction but were not always in agreement with the minigene assays. The net effect of splicing dysregulation caused by variants was context dependent. Minigene assays revealed that perturbed splicing can be found.

Conclusion

Synonymous variants primarily cause disease phenotype via splicing dysregulation while additional mechanisms such as translation rate also play an important role. Splicing dysregulation is likely to contribute to the disease phenotype of several non‐synonymous variants.
An integrated numerical method with error analysis for solving fractional differential equations of quintic nonlinear type arising in applied sciences
Authors: Kürkçü Ömür Kıvanç , Aslan Ersin , Sezer Mehmet
Published: July 2019

In this study, fractional differential equations having quintic nonlinearity are considered by proposing an accurate numerical method based on the matching polynomial and matrix‐collocation system. This method provides an integration between matrix and fractional derivative, which makes it fast and efficient. A hybrid computer program is designed by making use of the fast algorithmic structure of the method. An error analysis technique consisting of the fractional‐based residual function is constructed to scrutinize the precision of the method. Some error tests are also performed. Figures and tables present the consistency of the approximate solutions of highly stiff model problems. All results point out that the method is effective, simple, and eligible.
Evaluation of tissue deformation during radiofrequency and microwave ablation procedures: Influence of output energy delivery
Authors: Liu Dong , Brace Christopher L.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze tissue deformation during radiofrequency (RF) and microwave ablation for varying output energy levels.

Methods

A total of 46 fiducial markers which were classified into outer, middle, and inner lines were positioned into a single plane around an RF or microwave ablation applicator in each ex vivo bovine liver sample (8 cm × 6 cm × 4 cm, n = 18). Radiofrequency (500 kHz; ~35 W average) or microwave (2.4 GHz; 50–100 W output, ~35–70 W delivered) ablation was performed for 10 min (n = 4–6 each setting). CT images were acquired over the entire liver volume every 15 s. Principle strain magnitude and direction were determined from fiducial marker displacement. Normal and shear strain were then calculated such that negative strain denoted contraction and positive strain denoted expansion. Temporal variations, the final magnitudes, and angles of the strain were compared across energy delivery settings, using one‐way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's tests.

Results

On average, tissue strain rates peak at around 1 min and decayed exponentially over time. No evidence of tissue expansion was observed. The tissue strains from RF and 50 W, 75 W, and 100 W microwave ablation at 10 min were −8.5%, −38.9%, −54.4%, and −65.7%, respectively, from the inner region and −3.6%, −23.7%, −41.8%, and −44.3%, respectively, from the outer region. Negative strain magnitude was positively correlated to energy delivery in the inner region (Spearman’s  = −0.99). Microwaves at higher powers (75–100 W) induced significantly more strain than at lower power (50 W) or after RF ablation (P < 0.01). Principal strain angles ranged from 0.8° to −8.1°, indicating that tissue deformed more in the direction transverse to the applicator than along the direction of the applicator.

Conclusions

The influence of output energy on tissue deformation during RF and microwave ablation was analyzed. Microwave ablation created significantly greater contraction than RF ablation with similar energy delivery. During microwave ablation, more contraction was noted at higher power levels and in proximity to the antenna. Contraction primarily transverse to the antenna produces ablation zones that are more elongated than the original tissue volume.
Eine Substanz, viele Namen
Authors: Leusmann Eliza
Published: July 2019

Wenn deutsche Chemiker sich unterhalten oder publizieren, verwenden sie oft unterschiedliche Begriffe für Moleküle, obwohl sie das Gleiche meinen. Woran das liegt, verrät ein Blick in die 1970er und 1980er Jahre – die Neuerungen aus dieser Zeit wirken bis heute.
Gaschromatogramm in einer Minute
Authors: Boeker Peter
Published: July 2019

Eine Luftströmung erzeugt an der Trennsäule eines Gaschromatographen einen Temperaturgradienten und beschleunigt so GC‐Messungen.
Künstliche Intelligenz als Chemiker
Authors: Osterath Brigitte
Published: July 2019

Computer schlagen Menschen bei Brettspielen wie Schach und Go oder bei Strategie‐Videospielen und müssen zuvor nicht mal die Regeln kennen. Aber damit nicht genug: Inzwischen entwerfen sie sogar Retrosynthesen.
Diploma Supplement neu formuliert
Authors: Salzer Rainer
Published: July 2019

Hochschulabsolventen erhalten mit ihrem Abschlusszeugnis ein Dokument, das ihre Qualifikation beschreibt, und das europaweit einheitlich. Wie der Text zu formulieren ist, haben die beteiligten Staaten nun überarbeitet und präzisiert.
Trendbericht Biochemie Teil 2: Strukturaufklärung peptidbindender GPCRs
Authors: Kaiser Anette , Krug Ulrike , Schmidt Peter
Published: July 2019

Peptidtherapeutika und ihre Rolle in der Behandlung und Diagnostik von Tumorerkrankungen; G‐Protein‐gekoppelte Rezeptoren – ihre Struktur und Funktionsweise; Mini‐Organe aus Stammzellen; Kopplung elektrochemischer und biologischer Systeme für Synthesen und zur Stromerzeugung.
Trendbericht Biochemie Teil 3: Adhäsions‐GPCR ‐‐ Hindernisse und Perspektiven
Authors: Scholz Nicole , Prömel Simone , Liebscher Ines
Published: July 2019

Peptidtherapeutika und ihre Rolle in der Behandlung und Diagnostik von Tumorerkrankungen; G‐Protein‐gekoppelte Rezeptoren – ihre Struktur und Funktionsweise; Mini‐Organe aus Stammzellen; Kopplung elektrochemischer und biologischer Systeme für Synthesen und zur Stromerzeugung.
Industrie und Patente
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: July 2019

Die chemisch‐pharmazeutische Industrie hat einen überdurchschnittlichen Erfinderinnenanteil. Insgesamt sind Chemieerfindungen wichtig. Dennoch rechnet die deutsche Chemieindustrie mit sinkenden Umsätzen.
Wandel der Pharmabranche
Authors: Bong Barbara
Published: July 2019

Die Umsätze deutscher Pharmaunternehmen sanken im Jahr 2018 leicht. Neue Behandlungsansätze und die Digitalisierung verändern die Branche.
Automatisierte Biotechnik
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: July 2019

Der Labvolution Award zeichnet Anwender aus, die zeigen, wie sie ihr Labor optimiert haben. Gewonnen hat mikrobielles Kultivieren.
Abbruch nach der Promotion
Authors: Bong Barbara
Published: July 2019

Bei Chemieprofessoren in den USA ist der Frauenanteil gestiegen. Allerdings setzen viele Chemikerinnen ihre akademische Karriere nicht fort.
Mikroplastik durch die Luft
Authors: Leusmann Eliza
Published: July 2019

Fasern mit einer Länge bis zu 750 μm und Fragmente mit einer Größe von bis zu 300 μm verbreiten sich nicht nur im Wasser.
Devoted or negotiated routes of adherence: Narratives of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea using a continuous positive airway pressure device
Authors: Møkleby Margareta , Mengshoel Anne Marit
Published: July 2019

Aims

To explore the narratives of patients about receiving a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea and using a continuous positive airway pressure device.

Design

A qualitative design with a narrative approach.

Methods

Participants with personal experience of using a continuous positive airway pressure device were recruited through purposive sampling. Two women and five men were interviewed in 2017. The data material was subjected to a narrative analysis.

Results

Two storylines portraying two different trajectories of continuous positive airway pressure use were identified: “A route of devotion” reflects patients experiencing immediate health benefits, which lead to committed use. “A route of negotiations” is characterized by more irregular use, and the perceived benefits were less evident than for those displaying a devoted route. Individuals adjust to a continuous positive airway pressure device differently based on their prior and present life situation and whether use of the device is experienced as an opportunity to regain ordinary life or as an obstacle to maintaining ordinary life.
A commentary on the rollout of 5g mobile in the UK
Authors: Jones Peter , Comfort Daphne
Published: July 2019

The first waves of the fifth generation of mobile phone technology, 5G, are breaking on the telecommunication shores of the United Kingdom. The government's ambition is for the United Kingdom to be a global leader in 5G mobile technology, but its widespread commercial deployment faces a number of barriers and challenges. The aims of this commentary paper are to outline the main characteristics and rollout of 5G mobile technology, to explore the forces driving and shaping the 5G market, to examine the perceived barriers to the deployment of 5G networks, and to offer some wider reflections on the rollout of 5G.
The integrin αvβ6 drives pancreatic cancer through diverse mechanisms and represents an effective target for therapy
Authors: Reader Claire S , Vallath Sabari , Steele Colin W , Haider Syed , Brentnall Adam , Desai Ami , Moore Kate M , Jamieson Nigel B , Chang David , Bailey Peter , Scarpa Aldo , Lawlor Rita , Chelala Claude , Keyse Stephen M , Biankin Andrew , Morton Jennifer P , Evans TR Jeffry , Barry Simon T , Sansom Owen J , Kocher Hemant M , Marshall John F
Published: July 2019

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a 5‐year survival rate of less than 4% and desperately needs novel effective therapeutics. Integrin αvβ6 has been linked with poor prognosis in cancer but its potential as a target in PDAC remains unclear. We report that transcriptional expression analysis revealed that high levels of β6 mRNA correlated strongly with significantly poorer survival (n = 491 cases, p = 3.17 × 10−8). In two separate cohorts, we showed that over 80% of PDACs expressed αvβ6 protein and that paired metastases retained αvβ6 expression. In vitro, integrin αvβ6 promoted PDAC cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion. Treatment of both αvβ6‐positive human PDAC xenografts and transgenic mice bearing αvβ6‐positive PDAC with the αvβ6 blocking antibody 264RAD, combined with gemcitabine, significantly reduced tumour growth (p < 0.0001) and increased survival (log‐rank test, p < 0.05). Antibody therapy was associated with suppression of tumour cell activity (suppression of pErk growth signals, increased apoptosis seen as activated caspase‐3) and suppression of the pro‐tumourigenic microenvironment (suppression of TGFβ signalling, fewer αSMA‐positive myofibroblasts, decreased blood vessel density). These data show that αvβ6 promotes PDAC growth through both tumour cell and tumour microenvironment mechanisms and represents a valuable target for PDAC therapy. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Neuropilin‐2 contributes to tumor progression in preclinical models of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Bollard Julien , Patte Céline , Radkova Kristina , Massoma Patrick , Chardon Laurence , Valantin Julie , Gadot Nicolas , Goddard Isabelle , Vercherat Cécile , Hervieu Valérie , Gouysse Géraldine , Poncet Gilles , Scoazec Jean‐Yves , Walter Thomas , Roche Colette
Published: July 2019

The identification of novel regulators of tumor progression is a key challenge to gain knowledge on the biology of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI‐NETs). We recently identified the loss of the axon guidance protein semaphorin 3F as a protumoral event in SI‐NETs. Interestingly the expression of its receptor neuropilin‐2 (NRP‐2) was still maintained. This study aimed at deciphering the potential role of NRP‐2 as a contributor to SI‐NET progression. The role of NRP‐2 in SI‐NET progression was addressed using an approach integrating human tissue and serum samples, cell lines and in vivo models. Data obtained from human SI‐NET tissues showed that membranous NRP‐2 expression is present in a majority of tumors, and is correlated with invasion, metastatic abilities, and neovascularization. In addition, NRP‐2 soluble isoform was found elevated in serum samples from metastatic patients. In preclinical mouse models of NET progression, NRP‐2 silencing led to a sustained antitumor effect, partly driven by the downregulation of VEGFR2. In contrast, its ectopic expression conferred a gain of aggressiveness, driven by the activation of various oncogenic signaling pathways. Lastly, NRP‐2 inhibition led to a decrease of tumor cell viability, and sensitized to therapeutic agents. Overall, our results point out NRP‐2 as a potential therapeutic target for SI‐NETs, and will foster the development of innovative strategies targeting this receptor. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Neutropenia Associated with Ceftaroline or Ceftriaxone in Patients Receiving at Least 7 Days of Therapy for Severe Infections
Authors: Veve Michael P. , Stuart Misa , Davis Susan L.
Published: July 2019

Study Objective

Ceftarolinefosamil is a cephalosporin with broad clinical utility; however, limited data suggest that prolonged ceftaroline exposure may be associated with neutropenia. The objective was to determine drug and patient factors associated with neutropenia in patients receiving ceftaroline or ceftriaxone for deep‐seated infections.

Design

Retrospective, ratio‐matched cohort study.

Setting

Four acute‐care hospitals within an urban health care system.

Patients

A total of 176 hospitalized adults who received definitive ceftaroline (44 patients) or ceftriaxone (132 patients) therapy for at least 7 days between January 2013 and April 2017 for any of the following indications: bone and joint infections (BJI), infective endocarditis (IE), or bloodstream infections (BSI).

Measurements and Main Results

The primary outcome was development of neutropenia while receiving cephalosporin therapy, defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <1500 cells/mm3. Neutropenia severity and patient characteristics were described and compared between the ceftaroline and ceftriaxone groups. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) antibiotic prescription duration was 41 (29–44) days for the ceftaroline group and 40 (28–44) days for the ceftriaxone group (p=0.9). Cephalosporin indications were 112 (64%) BJI, 27 (15%) BSI, 16 (9%) IE, and 21 (12%) multiple infections; ceftaroline was more commonly used in BJI (p=0.03), and ceftriaxone was more commonly used in IE (p=0.01). Neutropenia developed in 16 (9%) patients: 8 (18%) in the ceftaroline group and 8 (6%) in the ceftriaxone group (p=0.03). Median (IQR) onset to neutropenia was 22 (15–28) days, and median (IQR) change in ANC was 2.86 (1.50–4.08) cells/mm3; most cases of neutropenia were mild (12 patients [75%]). The median (IQR) time to mild or moderate‐severe neutropenia was not significantly different (p=0.68): 22 (14–28) and 22 (21–36) days, respectively. Treatment was discontinued in 4 (25%) patients due to neutropenia. Ceftaroline use was independently associated with neutropenia (adjusted odds ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval 1.2–10.5) after adjusting for lower body mass index strata (18.5–25 kg/m2).

Conclusion

Prolonged ceftaroline use was an independent risk factor for developing mild neutropenia. Clinicians should be cognizant of ANC monitoring in scenarios where prolonged ceftaroline courses are prescribed.
Synthesis of comb‐like dispersants and a study on the effect of dispersant architecture and carbon black dispersion
Authors: Holbrook Travis P. , Masson Georgeta M. , Storey Robson F.
Published: July 2019

Comb dispersants suitable for stabilization of carbonaceous deposits found in automotive lubricating oils were derived from the copolymerization of vinyl‐ether terminated polyisobutylene (VE‐PIB) macromonomers with maleic anhydride (MAH). The rate and degree of copolymerization of VE‐PIB with MAH was greatly influenced by the molecular weight of the VE‐PIB. Longer PIB tails imposed greater hindrance of the chain end resulting in slower propagation and lower degrees of copolymerization for PIB‐alt‐MAH copolymers. Functionalization of PIB‐alt‐MAH with a polyamine proceeded smoothly at elevated temperatures as evidenced by disappearance of anhydride stretches via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Analogous linear and grafted dispersants were prepared to investigate the influence of architecture on the physical properties of the dispersants. Characterization of the intermediates and final dispersants was conducted by nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and ultraviolet–visible. Using Langmuir adsorption studies and carbon black as a substitute for carbonaceous deposits, it was found that comb and grafted dispersants exhibit greater affinities for adsorption but decreased packing efficiencies in comparison to linear dispersants. Rheological studies investigating viscosity as a function of loading for dispersant/oil mixtures with carbon black present a similar finding. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1682–1696
A fresh look at patterns and assumptions in the field of entrepreneurship: What can we learn?
Authors: Dushnitsky Gary , Matusik Sharon F.
Published: July 2019

Research Summary

This article invites scholars to reconsider how the evolution of entrepreneurial phenomena affects the underlying theories employed in our field. We highlight three themes affected by changes to the entrepreneurial journey nowadays in a way that can challenge some foundational research in each area. To that end, we engage in a dual conversation; explicitly revisiting extant theories, as well as deliberately seeking out practice insights on how behaviors and actions are changing. This approach provides fertile ground for future work to re‐examine the theoretical assumptions we often take for granted. Such investigation can either provide fresh evidence of the robustness of extant theory, or create new pathways of inquiry. For entrepreneurship scholars who are dedicated to researching innovation and progress in firms and individuals, this is an exciting time to create innovation and progress in our field.

Managerial Summary

Has the entrepreneurial journey remained unchanged over the past decades? And if there have been substantive changes, what are they? And what are their implications? These are critical questions that talk to entrepreneurship scholars and practitioners alike. The purpose of this article is to encourage a dialogue among and across the two groups. We present dual theory‐practitioner conversations around three points of dialogue; the origin of entrepreneurial opportunity, organizing and scaling, and resource acquisition. In each case, we show that drawing on both the practice and academic community is important in identifying the value of extant theories and frameworks and where there are important opportunities for new frameworks and predictions. We believe that this kind of theory‐practitioner dialogue offers invaluable guidance to further advance our field.

A video abstract is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7o9Yy-Vtzs.
Red‐Emitting Ratiometric Fluorescence Chemodosimeter for the Discriminative Detection of Aromatic and Aliphatic Amines
Authors: Sathiskumar Udayadasan , Easwaramoorthi Shanmugam
Published: July 2019

A NIR‐emitting fluorescent probe using phenothiazine and 1,3‐dimethylbarbituric acid (PMB) connected through methylene bridge was developed in a two‐step simple chemical reaction. The fluorescent probes were highly reactive towards various primary amines and the reaction was accompanied by the changes in the optical and fluorescent properties of the PMB characteristic to the amine and thereby can have the potential to be used as a sensor for amines. In addition to the ratiometric changes in the fluorescence intensity corresponding to the PMB before and after reaction with an amine, the emission spectral maximum is specific to the analyte. For, example 1,4‐diaminobenzene, 4‐methoxyaniline, aniline, hydrazine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine respectively shows the maximum at 532, 546, 555, 484, 497, and 488 nm and this unique feature originated due to the involvement of the analyte in the extended π‐conjugation with the probe. Sensor strips prepared using PMB coated filter paper were able to sense the volatile amine gases with shorter response time. Analysis of the strips using the CIELAB 1976 color coordinates provides different signals for hydrazine, aniline, propylamine, and ethylamine gases. The applicability of the sensor was further ascertained by monitoring the decomposition of skin used for leather processing and also proteins engineered with an amino‐functionalized unnatural amino acid.
A Fluorescent Probe with a Significant Selective Turn‐On Response for HClO Detection and Bioimaging in Living Cells
Authors: Wang Wenling , Jin Lei , Shen Zheyu , Li Zonghao , Zhang Xinya , Wang Qingming
Published: July 2019

Hypochlorous/Hypochlorite(HClO/ClO−) plays an important biochemistry roles in normal operation of the life system. Herein, a fluorescent probe 7‐chloro‐3‐((E)‐3‐(4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl)‐ acryloyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (CCO) was rationally designed and synthesized via aldehyde ketone condensation reaction to detect ClO− in Tris‐HCl (pH=7.2, 60% DMF) solution. Probe CCO was cleaved conceivably in the coumarin lactone ring by an oxidation reaction with ClO− and emitted intensive bright yellow fluorescence. The sensing mechanism was further confirmed by ESI‐MS and DFT calculation. The fluorescence emission of probe CCO triggered by ClO− was obviously enhanced within 20 s. The limit of detection of probe CCO was calculated as low as 2.6 nM. Furthermore, probe CCO can be given as an effective and outstanding fluorescent exogenous ClO− probe in living HEK293T cells for microscopic cell imaging.
Anchoring RuO2 Nanoparticles on Ultrathin Porous Carbon Shell toward High Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Guo Xiaoqing , Yu Huali , Liu Xiaofei , Lu Youcai , Liu Qingchao , Li Zhongjun
Published: July 2019

Despite the high theoretical specific capacity and energy density, the practical application of lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) battery is still hampered by the shuttle of lithium polysulfides and sluggish kinetics of cathode, which results in the loss of active materials and rapid capacity decay of the sulfur cathode. Herein, we develop novel hierarchical ultrathin porous carbon shell anchored with RuO2 nanoparticles as efficient cathode hosts for lithium‐sulfur batteries. The carbon shell can allow efficient impregnation of sulfur and provide effective spatial confinement to reduce polysulfide diffusion. In addition, the volume expansion of sulfur upon lithiation can be also remitted due to the sufficient space inside the carbon shell. The anchored RuO2 nanoparticles in the host material can synergistically enhance the immobilization of polysulfide and accelerate their redox reaction. Accordingly, this hierarchical structure based‐cathode containing 70.6 wt% sulfur content delivers enhanced electrochemical performances including high specific capacity, excellent rate performance and superior cycling stability.
Janus Graphene Liquid Crystalline Fiber with Tunable Properties Enabled by Ultrafast Flash Reduction
Authors: Kim In Ho , Im Tae Hong , Lee Han Eol , Jang Ji‐Soo , Wang Hee Seung , Lee Gil Yong , Kim Il‐Doo , Lee Keon Jae , Kim Sang Ouk
Published: July 2019

Flash photothermal treatment via Xenon lamp with a broad wavelength spectrum can effectively remove oxygen functionalities and restore sp2 domains at graphitic carbon materials. The chemical composition and relevant structure formation of flash reduced graphene oxide liquid crystal (GOLC) fibers are investigated in accordance with flash irradiation conditions. Owing to the spatial controllability of reduction level via anisotropic flash irradiation, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of graphene fibers can be delicately counterbalanced to attain desired properties. High sensitivity humidity sensors can be fabricated from the flash reduced fibers demonstrating notably higher sensitivity over the thermally reduced counterparts. This ultrafast flash reduction holds great promise for multidimensional macroscopic GO based structures, enabling a wide range of potential applications, including textile electronics and wearable sensors.
Unraveling Photoexcited Charge Transfer Pathway and Process of CdS/Graphene Nanoribbon Composites toward Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xia Yang , Cheng Bei , Fan Jiajie , Yu Jiaguo , Liu Gang
Published: July 2019

Converting solar energy into chemical fuels is increasingly receiving a great deal of attention. In this work, CdS nanoparticles (NPs) are solvothermally anchored onto graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) that are longitudinally unzipped from multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The as‐synthesized CdS/GNR nanocomposites with recyclability present GNR content‐dependent activity in visible‐light‐driven hydrogen evolution from water splitting. In a range of 1–10 wt% GNRs, the CdS/GNR composites with 2 wt% GNRs achieves the greatest hydrogen evolution rate of 1.89 mmol h−1 g−1. The corresponding apparent quantum efficiency is 19.3%, which is ≈3.7 times higher than that of pristine CdS NPs. To elucidate the underlying photocatalytic mechanism, a systematic characterization, including in situ irradiated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Kelvin probe measurements, is performed. In particular, the interfacial charge transfer pathway and process from CdS NPs to GNRs is revealed. This work may open avenues to fabricate GNR‐based nanocomposites for solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion and beyond.
Online optimization of l2 gain performance for constrained linear systems by model predictive control with state resets
Authors: Khonjun Surajet , Wada Nobutaka , Inoue Kotaro
Published: July 2019

In this article, we address a model predictive control problem for constrained linear systems in the presence of l2 disturbances. In the proposed control method, the feedback gain and the controller state are updated online so that the l2 gain of the system is minimized. The problem of determining the feedback gain and the controller state is formulated as a convex optimization problem with linear matrix inequality constraints. We show that both feasibility of the control algorithm and the dissipation inequality are guaranteed for all times. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Providing Reading Competence Feedback to the National School System of Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Alexander Annetta , Wyke Wallis , Lewis Theodore , Taylor‐Ryan Maureen
Published: July 2019

The authors report findings from an evaluation of the reading competence of students in selected elementary schools in Trinidad and Tobago. The work was conducted in eight schools and involved the testing of 450 students in standards (grades) 1 and 5 for competence in comprehension, oral reading, and word recognition. Methods and results relating to each of these three areas of inquiry are described.
Type D Personality and Health-Related Quality of Life in Vascular Surgery Patients
Authors: Bouwens Elke , van Lier Felix , Rouwet Ellen V. , Verhagen Hence J. M. , Stolker Robert Jan , Hoeks Sanne E.
Published: July 2019

Background

This study evaluated the association of type D personality and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and assessed the stability of type D personality in vascular surgery patients during the year after surgery.

Method

In a prospective cohort study between 2008 and 2014, 294 patients were assessed with validated questionnaires preoperatively and at 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Associations between type D personality, depression, and HRQoL were analyzed by generalized estimating equation models. Type D personality was analyzed in its standard dichotomous form as well as continuous (z) scores of its two components, negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI), and their interaction term.

Results

Prevalence of type D personality varied between 18% and 25%. However, only 9% of the complete responders were classified as type D personality at all four assessments, whereas one third changed between type D classifications. Continuous scores showed greater stability over time. Dichotomized type D personality measured over time was significantly associated with impaired HRQoL, but this was not the case if measured once at baseline, like in general use. The continuous NA score and depression were also significantly associated with impaired HRQoL over time.

Conclusion

Type D personality was not a stable trait over time. Preoperative assessment of type D personality did not predict improvement in HRQoL after vascular surgery. However, the study revealed associations between the NA component of type D personality, depression, and lower HRQoL. This indicates that measures of overall negative affect should be taken into account when assessing HRQoL patient-reported outcomes in vascular surgery patients.
When the eyes say buy: visual fixations during hypothetical consumer choice improve prediction of actual purchases
Authors: Imai Taisuke , Kang Min Jeong , Camerer Colin F.
Published: July 2019

Consumers typically overstate their intentions to purchase products, compared to actual rates of purchases, a pattern called “hypothetical bias”. In laboratory choice experiments, we measure participants’ visual attention using mousetracking or eye-tracking, while they make hypothetical as well as real purchase decisions. We find that participants spent more time looking both at price and product image prior to making a real “buy” decision than making a real “don’t buy” decision. We demonstrate that including such information about visual attention improves prediction of real buy decisions. This improvement is evident, although small in magnitude, using mousetracking data, but is not evident using eye-tracking data.
Botulinum toxin A injection in the management of shoulder muscle overactivity: A scoping review
Authors: Baguley Ian James , Barden Hannah Louise Holman , Jesulola Emmanuel , Nott Melissa Therese
Published: July 2019

The majority of studies examining botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in the management of upper limb muscle overactivity and pain focus on the distal arm and hand. Research has begun to look at BTX-A efficacy in more proximal upper limb muscles, with literature showing equivocal findings. This scoping review identified 15 studies meeting inclusion criteria whose data were examined against three outcome variables: muscle overactivity, range of movement and pain. Overall, while the majority of injected participants improved on these variables, between-study methodological variability such as research design potentially underpowered studies and arbitrary decision making gave a high likelihood of influencing the interpretation of their results. Future research is warranted, with a robust focus on functional anatomy, a critical appraisal of how BTX-A may help the individual being studied and utilising individualised rather than protocol-driven research paradigms.
Long-term Safety and Dosing of OnabotulinumtoxinA: A Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Wein Theodore , Jog Mandar , Bhogal Meetu , Dhani Sonja , Miller Robert , Ismail Farooq , Beauchamp Richard , Trentin Grace
Published: July 2019

Background:

Although therapeutic treatments are intended to help alleviate symptoms associated with disease, safety must be carefully considered and monitored to confirm continued positive benefit/risk balance. The objective of MOBILITY was to study the long-term safety of onabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of various therapeutic indications.

Methods:

A prospective, multicenter, observational, Phase IV Canadian study in patients treated with onabotulinumtoxinA for a therapeutic indication. Dosing was determined by the participating physician. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded throughout the study.

Results:

Patients (n= 1372) with adult focal spasticity, blepharospasm, cerebral palsy, cervical dystonia, hemifacial spasm, hyperhidrosis, or “other” diagnoses were enrolled into the safety cohort. Eighty-three patients (6%) reported 209 AEs; 44 AEs in 24 patients (2%) were considered treatment-related AEs. Seventy-two serious AEs were reported by 38 patients (3%); 10 serious AEs in 5 patients (0.4%) were considered treatment related. Most commonly reported treatment-related AEs were muscular weakness (n= 7/44) and dysphagia (n= 6/44).

Conclusions:

In patients with follow-up for up to six treatments with onabotulinumtoxinA, treatment-related AEs were reported in <2% of the safety population over the course of nearly 5 years. Our findings from MOBILITY provide further evidence that onabotulinumtoxinA treatment is safe for long-term use across a variety of therapeutic indications.
Here to stay or go? Connecting turnover research to applied attrition modeling
Authors: Speer Andrew B. , Dutta Subhadra , Chen Menghan , Trussell Glenn
Published: July 2019

Attrition modeling is a direct application of extant turnover research that can favorably impact workforce planning and action planning. However, while academic research enables practitioners insights into understanding turnover phenomena, there is no single document that comprehensively translates this work to give guidance as to the many practical decisions that must be made when modeling turnover, as well as how to apply psychological research to messier operational data. This focal article introduces and provides guidance on attrition modeling by outlining early considerations when planning a study, describing how to mesh theory with operational considerations when identifying turnover predictors within organizational settings, highlighting analytical strategies to model turnover, and considering how to appropriately share results. Collectively, this article serves as a guide to conducting attrition modeling within organizations and offers suggestions for future research to inform best practices.