bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to planting method, seed rate and fertility in late-sown condition
Authors: G. SNGH  , O. P. SINGH  , R. A. YADAVA  , R. S. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter reasons of 1989-90 and 1990-91 to study the response of wheat (Triricum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) to planting method, seed rate and fertilizer. Cross-row (22.5 cm X 22.5 cm) planting method gave significantly higher yields (grain + straw), yield attributes and benefrt : cost ratio than other planting methods. Cross and close row (15.0 cm) plantings had smothering effect on weed density and dry weight. Increasing seed rate from 100 to 150 kgha increased the grain and sttaw yields, however benefit : cost ratio was the highest with 125 kg seed/ ha seed rate. Applicatiop of recommended fertilizers (125 kg N + 60 kg P + 50 K kgha) increased the yield and yield attributes. However, benefit : cost ratio was highest with 50% of the recommended fertilizer (60 kg N + 30 kg P +25 kg m a ) .|| Of the various factors responsible for low management on wheat are lacking in flood- productivity, suboptimum plant population prone area of north-eastem plains zone of per unit area and poor fertilizer management Uttar Pradesh in late-sown conditions, an are of paramount importance in wheat attempt was made on this aspects. (Triricum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.).
Chemical weed control in Japanese barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea)
Authors: R. V. SINGH  , M. P. S. ARYA
Published: December 2023

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Dose and time of application of imazethapyr for weed control in soybean (~Zycine max) ,
Authors: N. N. ANGIRAS  , M. C. RANA
Published: December 2023

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Effect of irrigation schedule and phosphorus on yield attributes and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum)
Authors: G. S. RATHI  , R. S. SHARMA  , R. C. RqJAK
Published: December 2023

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Grain yield of oat (Avena sativa) as influenced by cutting and nitrogen management
Authors: S. PURUSHOTHAM  , M! MANJUNATHA  , K. UMWHA
Published: December 2023

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Productivity of newly evolved sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes-based intercropping systems
Authors: B. V. MAHAKULKAR  , S. S. WANJARI  , N. R. POTDUKHE  , V. B. SHEKAR  , R. W. INGLE
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons (kharif) of 1989-91 at Sorghum Research Unit, Akola, on Veaisols. Treatments included 3 newly evolved sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes (SPV 669, SPH 388) and SPH 468 as a main crop. Each genotype was intercropped with 3 leguminous crops, viz. pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.], greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.) and soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.], in 3 : 3 row propodon. Sole crop of 3 sorghum genotypes and 3 intercrops were taken for comparison with intercropping systems. Sorghum genotype SPH 468 intercropped with geengram recorded the highest mean land-equivalent ratio (1.28) and net monetary returns (Rs 11,465lha) compared with other intercropping treatments. Increase was 3.2% in SPV 669 + soybean intercropping over sole crbp of SPV 669. 0.53 and 6.2 and 8.8% in SPV 468 + pigeonpea, SPV 468 + greengram and SPV 468 + soybean intercroppings, respectively over sole crop of SPH 469; and 7.3 and 2.2% in SPV 388 + greengram and SPV 389 + soybean respectively over sole crop of SPH 388.
Effect of nutrient management on growth and grain yield of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum) in pearlmillet-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: ROSHAN LAL  , I. S. HOODA  , .D. R. DAHIYA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during crop and 100% recommended NP dose the rainy (kharifi season of 1991 at through fertilizers to winter crop; T,, 75% Agronomy Research Farm, Hisar. The group recommended NP dose through fertilizers + of soil was sierozem having sand 58.95%, 25% N through FYM to kharif crop and silt 24.01%, clay 17.04%, electrical conduc- 75% recommended NP dose through fertil- tivity 0.14 dS1m at 25OC, with pH 8.1. izers to winter crop; T,, 50% recommellded Available N, P and K were 130 kgha, 10.8 NP dose through fertilizers + 50% N >: kglha and 510 kglha respectively. The ex- through wheat straw to kharif crop and ,I- periment was laid out in randomized block 100% recommended NP dose through fertil- design with 4 replications. There were 12 izers to winter crop; T,, 75% recommended treatments, viz. TI, no fertilizer and no or- NP dose through fertilizers + 25% N ganic manure (control). to kharif crop of through wheat straw to kharifcrop and 75% pearlmillet (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz] and recommended NP dose through fertilizers to no fertilizer and no organic manure (con- winter crop; T,,, 50% recommended NP trol) to winter (rabi) crop of wheat L. dose through fertilizers + 50% N through emendThell. Fiori & Paol.); T,, 50% rec- green-manure to kharifcrop and 100% rec- ommended NP dose through fertilizers only ommended NP dose through fertilizers to to kharif crop and 50% recommended NP winter crop; T,,, 75% recommended NP dose through fertilizers only to winter crop; dose through fertilizers + 25% N through T,, 50% recommended NP dose through fer- green-manure to kharifcrop and 75% rec- tilizers to kharif crop and 100% recom- ommended NP dose through fertilizers to mended NP dose through fertilizers to win- winter crop; and TI,, conventional farmers ter crop; T,, 75% recommended NP dose practice (1 bag DAP + 1 bag urealha, given through fertilizers to kharifcrop and 75% in 2 splits) to rainy-season crop. The recom- recommended NP dose through fertilizers to mend dose of N, P,O, and 50 was 120,60 winter crop; T,, 100% recommended NP and 60 kgha respectively. HHB 60 pearl dose through fertilizers to kharifcrop and millet was drilled on 19 July 1991 @ 5 kg 100% recommended NP dose through fertil- seedlha, keeping intraline distance of 45 cm. izers to winter crop; T,, 50% recommended As per treatments, the entire dose of P in the NP dose through fertilizers + 50% N form of single superphosphate and half through farmyard manure (FYM) to kharif the quantity of N in the from of urea were
Cane yield and water-use efficiency of autumn-planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) under sole and intercropping stand at different levels of irrigation
Authors: J. M. L. GULATI  , M. M. MISHRA  , J. C. PAUL  , N. HATI
Published: December 2023

A field trial was conducted during sugarcane was fertilized with a basal dose of 1991-92 at Chiplima, Sambalpur (Orissa), 100 kg P,O,/ha and 60 kg 6Oha. Nitrogen on sandy-clay loam soil with autumn- was applied @ 225 kglha in 3 equal splits, . i planted sugarcane (Saccharum oflcinarum at 30, 90 and 120 days after planting. The - L.). The treatments consisting of 3 cropping recommended dose of NPK was applied to systems, viz. sugarcane sole, sugarcane intercrops of wheat and Indian mustard as +wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori per sole crop, i.e. @ 120,60 and 60 kg N. P & Paol.), sugarcane + Indian mustard and Klha, respectively for wheat; and 40, 20 [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson], and 20 kg N, P and Klha for Indian mustard and 3 levels of IW : CPE (0.8, 1 .O and 1.2) (50% N and full of P and K as basal and were tried in randomized block design with 50% N 21 days after sowing). Indian mus- 3 replications. Sugarcane Co 6304 was tard, wheat and sugarcane were harvested planted on flat-bed rows 80 cm part on 11 on 30 January, 22 February and 16 Decem- October 1991 and Indian mustard M 27 (1 ber 1992 respectively. -. : 2) and wheat Sonalika (1 :4) were sown Significantly highest cane yield of 13 1.60 on 9 and 4 November 199 1 respectively. The tonnesha was obtained from sugarcane sole
Effect of irrigation and nitrogen on yield, uptake and water-use efficiency of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)
Authors: G. S. KATARA  , K. N. BANSAL
Published: December 2023

In order to assess the effect of nitrogen gations-1 each at branching and grain fill- and irrigation on safflower [Carthamus ing; and I,, 3 irrigations-1 each at branch- tinctorius (L.f.) Cass.] an experiment was ing, flowering and grain-filling). There conducted on Vertisol soils of southern were total 24 treatment combinations which Rajasthan at Udaipur, during the winter sea- were replicated thrice in randomized block son of 1988-89. The treatments comprised design. The bulk density, field capacity and combinations of 4 levels of N (0,30,60 and permanent wilting points in 0-30 cm soil 90 kglha) and 6 irrigation schedules (I,, no layer were 1.43 g/cm3, 25.9 and 10.9% re- irrigation; I,, 1 irrigation at branching; I,, 1 spectively. The soil was alkaline in reaction irrigation at flowering; I,, 2 irrigations-1 with pH 8.2, medium in N (0.054% total N), each at branching and flowering; I,, 2 irri- medium in P,O, (20 kg available P,O,/ha) Table 1. Effect of different levels of N and irrigation schedules on seed yield, total N and P uptake, seasonal consump- tive use and water-use efficiency of safflower
Effect of sowing date on yield of cotton species) (Gossypium
Authors: S. K. TOMAR  , . S. RANA  , VIVEK
Published: December 2023

Recently the farmers of western Uttar tween sowing dates and varieties for seed- Pradesh are inclined to switch over to cotton yield. Pooled data revealed that maxi- summer cotton (Gossypium sp.), which mum yield was recorded i n . ~ b1 sown on might escape adverse effects of rainy season. 20 February (1,43 1 kglha), 5 March (2,199 Keeping this in view, an experiment was kglha) and 20 March (1,667 kgtha); in BD conducted to study the effect of 3 sown on 5 April (1,426 kglha), in BD 4 different dates of sowing in spring as well sown on 20 April (1,315 kglha); in BD .6 as rainy season on newly developed varieties sown on 5 May (1,333 kgtha) and 20 May of cotton to identify high-yielding (986 kgha); and in RG 10 sown on 7 June . genotypes. (1,028 kgtha) and 20 June (843 kgtha). Late r(- The present study was conducted during sowing significantly reduced the yield of all 1989 and 1990 at Charyar, with 9 newly de- the varieties, as also reported by Jain et al. veloped genotypes of Gossypium arboreum (1992). However, in the varieties of G. L. (BD l, BD 3, BD 4, BD 5, BD 6, hirsutum minimum losses in yields were re-- RG 10 and SD 5) and G. hirsutum L. corded with successive delay in sowing com- (Pusa 13 and Pusa 32) along with 2 culti- pared with losses in other varieties of G. vated varieties of G. hirsutum (Vikas and arboreum cotton with few exceptions, where LH 900). All the 11 genotypes were grown intensity of loss was the lowest in BD 6. in randomized block design with 3 replica- The good performance of these varieties of tions on 9 different dates (20 February, 5 G. hirsutum under delayed sowing may be - March, 20 March, 5 April, 20 April, 5 May, attributed to its better adaptability to envi- -,- 20 May, 5 June and 20 June). Each plot had ronmental conditions; however, their yield 6 rows of 4 m length with 60 cm row-to-row levels were quite low due to higher inci- spacing and 30 cm plant-to-plant spacing. dence of jassid and pink bollworm. The Uniform doses of 30 kg Ntha and 40 kg yield of BD 1 was at par when sown on 5 P,O,/ha as basal and 30 kg Ntha as top- April and 20 April and 20 April and 5 May dressing at flowering were applied. The soil and 5 June and 20 June, but significantly de- of the experimental field was sandy loam creased in successive sowings. with pH 7.7, organic carbon O.61%, avail- REFERENCE able P 22.8 kgtha and exchangeable K 216 kgtha. The seed-cotton yield per plot were JSn, M. P., Dixit, J. P., Pillai, P. V. and Khan, R. A. recorded separately and averaged over 2 1992. Effect of sowing dates on wheat (Trrticutn years. . aestivum) varieties under late-sown irrigated - condition. Indian Journal of Agricultural There was a significant interaction be- Sciences 62 (10) 669-7 1. :
/ Weed management in tranplanted, lowland rice (Oryzasativa)
Authors: A. K. GOmI
Published: December 2023

The field experin~nt was carried out during rainy (kharN season of 1990 and 1991 at Jorhat to find out effective weed-management practice in transplanted rice (Oryza saliva L.). Closer spacing (15 cm x 15 cm) and weeding with rottary weeder reduced the weed growth effectively and increased the grain yield compa- rable to weed-free condition. Among the herbicides, bupchlor (@ 1.0, cinmethyline @ 0.06 and anilofos @ 0.40 kgha proved effective in controlling weeds and recording crop yields similar to that under weed-free condition. The highest additional net return (Rs 2,250) was obtained in rottary weeder (days after trans- planting). Amongst the herbicides, butachlor @ 1.0 kgha gave the maximum additional return (Rs 2,122).
Effect of weed control on productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum)
Authors: B. P. SOOTRAKAR; K. N. NAMDEO  , L. J. KHARE
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of weed control yield of sesame (Scsmwn indicwn L.) at Tikamgarh. during the rainy (Wucra season of 1991 and 1992 on a sandy-clay-loam soil. Vegetative growth was higher in Local vdriety, whereas yield attributes were higher in improved varieties (JT 7 and JLSC 8). Seed yield, hayest index, seed oil, oil yield, benefit : cost ratio and net return were significantly higher in improved varieties than those in Local one. Hand-weeding (thrice) gave the maximum growth, yield attributes;seed oil and net return, followed by fluchloralin (ppi) @ 2 liveslha 4 1 hand-weeding. Flu- chloralin applied as pre-plant incorporation proved more effective than fluchloralin applied as preemer- gence. Benefit : cost ratio and net return were the maximum when fluchloralin was applied as pre-plant in- corporation. Highest net return (Rs 6,13 Iha) was recordcd from JLSC 8 grown with fluchloralin (ppi), followed by JLSC 8 with hand-weeding. With JT 7 (88 days), fluchloralin (ppi) alone was found suffi- cient, but for JLSC 8 (76 days) fluchloralin 4 1 hand-weeding was essential to obtain similar net return, i.e. Rs 5,633ha to Rs 5,737ha.
Effect of seed rate, row spacing and fertilizer on wheat (Trilicum aestivum)
Authors: A. K. BEHERA
Published: December 2023

Low tillering and poor plant stand arethe fertilization. The experiment was laid out in major problems for realizing the yield randomized block design, replicated 4 potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. times. The treatments comprising 2 row emend. Fiori & Paol.) in the eastern region. spacings (15 and 23 cm), 3 seed rates (100, A field experiment was conducted at 125 and 150 kgha) and 2 levels of fertilizer Regional Research Station, Chiplima, (60.30 and 40 kg/ha and 120,60 and 40 kg/ during the winter season of 1989-90 to ha of N, P and K respectively). The full dose overcome these problems by raising the seed of P,O, and %O and half dose of N. were rate and reducing the row spacing under applied at sowing and the remaining N was optimum and suboptimum doses of top-dressed with first irrigation (21 days
Response of pea (Pisum sativum) to phosphorus, molybdenum and biofertilizers
Authors: T. K. SRIVASTAVA  , I. P. S. AHLAWAT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 1991-92 and 1992-93 to study the effect of P, Mo and biofertilizers [Rhizobium and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB)] on growth and yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake by pea (Pisum sativum L. sensu lato) in a sandy-loam soil under semi-arid and subtropical climatic conditions. Application of P up to 25.8 kgha significantly improved nodulation, plant height, dry-matter accumulation, number of podslplant, seedslpod, seed yield, and N and F uptake by the crop. Moreover, response of seed yield to P was linear in nature. Similarly, addition of 0.5 kg Molha marked enhanced growth, yield attributes and yield of the crop. Seed inoculation with Rhizobium or PSB and the combined inoculation resulted in conspicuous increase in nodulation, nitrogenase activity, growth, yield and nutrient uptake by the crop over no inoculation. However, the increase was more pronounced with the combined inoculation than with the single ones.
On-farm assessment of management practices on the productivity of rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Tcum aestivum) system
Authors: K. S. GANGWAR  , S. K. SHARMA
Published: December 2023

On-farm trials were conducted from 1990-91 to 1992-93 to study the effect of different management practices on the productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) system. Productivity of rice and wheat as individual crops and total productivity of rice-wheat system could be incresased by 24.76,20.68 and 22.74% respectively over farmers practice by adoptlng integrated approach of recommended NPK + chemical weed control + need-based plant-protection measures. Among different management practices, chemical weed control showed highest contribution of 0.37 tonneha to rice yield, whereas application of balanced fertilizer (NPK) made greater contribution of 0.35 tonneha to wheat yield. Similarly, contribution of recommended NPK was higher (0.52 tonnelha), followed by chemical weed control (0.48 tonnelha) to the total productivity of rice-wheat system.
Effect of organic matter and phosphorus on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: V. RAMAMURTHY: K. SHIVASHANKAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted on sandy-loam soil at the Main Research Station. UAS, Hebbal, Bangalore, during 2 summer seasons of 1990 and 1991, to study the response of soybean [Glycinemnr (L.) Merr.] to organic matter (FYM t ri;e straw in the proportion of 1 :1 at 0,s and 10 tonnesha) and phosphorus (37.5 and 56.25 kg P,o,/ha:~. At the peak growth of 60 DAS, the leaf-area index &AI) was significantly increased from 2.57 in the control to 3.41 and 4.05 with 5 and 10 tonneslha of organic matter. Similarly, grain yield increased significantly from 20.7 to 23.0 and 26.9 qha with increase from 0 to 5 and 10 tonnestha organic matter and 22.7 to 24.1 qha with 37.5 to 56.25 kg P,O,/ha as a result *- - of increwed dry-matter production at various growth stages.
Nutrient removal by weeds and maize (Zea mays)
Authors: G. SREENIVAS  , V. SATYANARAYANA
Published: December 2023

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most influenced by different weed-management important grain crops grown in Andlira practices. The weeds under unweeded check Pradesh with an average yield of 1,700 kg1 recorded the highest uptake of NPK ha compared with national average of 1,474 nutrients on account of higher weed dry kglha. There is vast scope to raise its weight. The weed-management practices productivity through agronomic caused significant reduction in N, P and K management. Weeds form the major factor uptake by weeds. The treatments atrazine @ in limiting the yield by causing considerable 1.0 kglha + 2, 4-D Na salt @ 0.5 kglha and nutrient loss in maize crop recorded up to atrazine @ 1.0 kglha + glyphosate @ 1.0 62, 24 and 124 kglha of N, P and K kglha were found effective next only to the respectively (Vishwanath, 1978). farmers, practice in giving higher crop-dry A field experiment was conducted atthe matter as well as N, P and K uptake by the Agricultural College Farm, Rajendranagar, crop compared with other treatments Hyderabad, during the rainy season (kharif) including the unweeded check which of 199 1, to asses; the removal of N, P and K recorded the lowest values. The former 2 both by crop and weeds under different treatments were at par with each other. This weed-management practices as treatments was probably due to higher crop-dry matter (Table 1). The experimental soil was sandy on account of less weed competition as loam (Alfisols) in texture with low in evident from low dry-weed weight. available N (226 kglha) and P (18.5 kglha), Angiras and Singh (1989) also reported and medium in available K (235 kglha) the increaseduptake of NPK nutrients by having pH 7.6. The experiment was laid out maize crop due to chemical weed control in randomized block design and replicated compared with the unweeded control. It is thrice. Maize cv. DHM 105 was sown on 2 evident that the crop-weed competition in July 1991 and harvested on 21 October the unweeded check exerted an adverse 1991. Estimated values of N, P and K effect on the uptake and utilization of uptake by weeds as well as maize plant at nutrients by crop and thus result in low harvest are presented in Table 1. croped dry matter. The removal of nutrients by weeds The nutrient uptake by the crop can be showed a great impact on the availability of increased by effectively checking the weed nutrients to the crop thus affecting its dry- growth with the pre-emergence application matter accumulation. The nutrient removal of atrazine @ 1.0 kglha + post-emergence by both crop and weeds were significantly application of 2,4-D Na salt @ 05 kg/ha or
Response of winter-season sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties to sowing time and nitrogen
Authors: S. P. MULIK  , H. L. GHADGE  , A. S. JADHAV  , J. D. PATIL
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the winter season (rabi) of 1987-88 to 1989-90 to find out effect of sowing time and nitrogen on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties. The pooled grain and fodder yields of sorghum varieties were not differed significantly. However, improved variety Swati gave significantly more grain yield than M 35-1 during 1988-89. But fodder yield of M 35-1 was significantly more than Swati during the same year. The pooled grain yield was significantly the highest in the crop sown in meteorological week 40 and significantly the lowest in the crop sown in meteorological week 38. Application of 50 kg N/ha at seeding significantly increased the grain yield over the control during first 2 years and in pooled data.|| In the drought-prone area of Maharashtra, al. (1991) reporf-ed that the application of 50 winter-season (rabi) sorghum [Sorghum bi- kg Nha was the most important key factor color (L.) Moench] is the predominant crop for increasing production of rabi sorghum. occupying about 60% of the area.
Effect of sowing date and irrigation levels on seed yield and quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)
Authors: K. S. YADAV  , R. L. RAJPUT  , . P. VERMA  , R. P. YADAV
Published: December 2023

A 2-year field experiment conducted to study the effect of sowing date and irrigation on seed yield and quality of Indian mustard [Brassicajuncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson] indicated that early sowing (17 and 27 October) gave significantly higher seed, oil and protein yield and N uptake by seed compared with late sowing (6 November), Seed, oil and protein yield, N content and N uptake were significantly higher under 2 irrigation scheduled at pre-flowering and siliqua-development stages than no irrigation. However, oil content was more in unirrigated, while reverse was true for protein content.
Variation in yield, oil and protein content of rapeseed (Brassica campestris) in relation to levels of nitrogen, sulphur and plant density
Authors: M. H. ALI  , S. M. H. ZAMAN  , S. M. ALTAF HOSSAIN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1988-89 and 1989-90 to find the effect of different levels of nitrogen sulphur and plant density on yield, yield attributes, oil and protein content of rapeseed (Bmssica campesfris L.). Nitrogen up to 120 kg/ha increased the yield components (plant height, primary brancheslplant, siliquae/m2 and seedslsiliqua), seed and stover yieldstha and harvest index. Yield attributes, and seed and stover yields, harvest index progressively increased with the increase in level of sulphur. Lower plant density increased the plant height and branches/plant but plant density of 400,00O/ha significantly increased the number of siliquae/m2, seed and stover yieldstha and harvest index. Oil content was inversely related to the protein content in seed irrespective of different levels of nitrogen, sulphur and plant density. Increasing levels of nitrogen decreased the oil and increased the protein content in seed but sulphur and plant density increased the oil and decreased the protein content in seed.
Effect of planting method and nitrogen on potato (Solanum tuberosum) production under drip irrigation
Authors: N. SNGH  , M. C. SoOD
Published: December 2023

A &ld experiment was conducted on light-textured soil (Typic Ustocrept) during 1991 -92 and 1992-93, to evaluate the effect of planting methods and nitrogen levels on growth characters and tuber yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under drip irrigation. Flat-planting methods improved emergence-rate index, plant height and stem density. Potato tuber yield w q 4 7 5 2 2 . 0 and 26.8% higher under the treatments consisting of flat planting at 30 cm x 20 cm, 60 cm x 20 cm and single ridge planting as compared with double-row-ridge planting method, respectively. Potato response to N application at 60, 120 and 180 kg Niha was 77, 127 and 150 qiha respectively.
Effect of seed hardening, potassium fertilizer and paraquat as anti-transpirant on rainfed wheat (Triticum nestlvm)
Authors: J. C. DAS AM) A. K. CIiOUDHURY
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1988-89 and 1989-90 at Jorhat, to study tIlc cllcg( of2 seed hardening (normal and hardened seed with 1%KH2P0,, soaking for 18 hr), 4 levcls ol1~1i1s~jlllll 30, (I). 60 and 90 kg K20/ha) and application o f paraquat as anti-transpirant at 4 dillercnl gr(\\y[(l q[i\ges (control, tillering, boot-leaf and tillering + boot-leaft)on rainfed Sonalika wheat (fii/icrrrrl f f i q ~ ~ y ~ ( ~ r f L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). hardened seed proved better than normal seed and 30 kg K,0/h;1 sjelli)ipi\l~tly c;(lbc;{. increased the yield over the control. The paraquat application did not show any signilici~~~t $ecd hardening, 30 kg K,O/ha and application of paraquat werc found viable proposition li~r rnilllbd ~ I l ~ i l l .
Conservation of moisture through amendments under varying irrigation regimes on sugarcane (Sacchrtrum officinarum)
Authors: R. DURAI  , K. N. CHINNASWAMI  , K. KUMARASWAMY
Published: December 2023

Two field trials were conducted during the main season of 1987-88 and 1988-80 lo study Ihc cllicct of different irrigation regimes, application of amendments, and their intcra~iion on mois~urc conservation, cane growth and yield ofsugarcane (Saccharum oflcinanrm L.). Irrcsl~cctivc of irrigation regimes, basal incorporation of coinvaste at 25 tonnesflia recorded higher cane yicld of 134.3 tonneslha owing to more moisture-retentive capacity than other amendments. The cane yicld was ;~lso highcr in jalashakti treatment (124.6 tonnesfha) than farmyard manure (1 14 tonnesha) and prcssrn~~tl (I 19.9 tonnestha). Application of coinvaste and jalashakti in treatments where water was itpplictl once in 19 days resulted in the net profits of Rs 21,674 and Rs 16,248 respectively.
Performance of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties on a partially reclaimed sodic soil under different levels of nitrogen
Authors: S. C. DESHMUKH  , R. C. JOSH  , N. K. SINHA
Published: December 2023

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] The highest yield (1,085 kglha) was real- is an important crop in Nimar tract of Mad- ized with 90 kg Nlha, while it was lowest hya Pradesh. The newly evolved varieties (464 kglha) under no nitrogen application. possess 80-90% yield potential of hybrids, Similarly, the maximum test weight was similar to hybrids in maturity and hence also was higher at 60 kg Nlha and 90 kg N/ hold great promise. These new genotypes ha. In general, application of increased N have been found to be tolerant to the sodic doses hastened the maturity, but it was sig- soil conditions to some extent up to ex- nificant only at 90 kg N/ha compared with :- changeable sodium of 30%. Hence a field the control. As regard the varieties there - experiment was conducted on a partially re- were no apparent differences in plant claimed sodic clay soil at the Soil Salinity height. SPV 346 and SPV 462 were Research Station, Barwaha (Madhya found identical in maturity (126 to 128 Pradesh) during rainy season (kharij) 1988 days) but earlier than SPV 475 (132 days), and 1989. The pH, ESP, ECe and CEC of while SPV 351 was at par with SPV 346. the soil was 8.7, 25, 2.0 dS1m and 48 ceqkg Varieties recorded significant differences in respectively. Treatments included 16 combi- test weight; SPV 346 recorded the highest nations of 4 varieties of sorghum (SPV test weight followed by SPV 3 5 1 and SPV 346, SPV 35lY, SPV 462 and SPV 475) 462. SPV 351 and SPV 462 were at par, - and 4 levels of nitrogen [O, 30, 60 and 90 while SPV 475 had the lowest test weight. - kg/ha (one-third basal + one-third at 30 The yieldplant of SPV 346 and SPV 35 1 days after sowing + one-third at 45 days af- was almost equal but significantly higher ter sowing)]. A randomized block design than that of SPV 462 and SPV 475, with 4 replications was adopted. The crop which were identical in test weight was planted on 1 side of the ridges, spaced (Table 1). at 45 cm. A basal application of 40 kg P,O, The varieties SPV 34.6 and SPV 462 + 40 kg &O + 20 kg ZnSO,/ha was given as recorded almost equal grain yield (890 kg/ band placement. The thinning was done at 15 ha) but significantly higher than SPV 3 5 1 days to maintain intra-row spacing of 15 and SPV 475. The latter 2 were at par in cm. yield. It clearly indicated that the varieties 3- Increasing levels of nitrogen application with higher test weight gave the higher significantly increased the average plant yieldlha. The stover yields differed signifi- height, grain yieldplant and grain yieldha. cantly and SPV 346 gave the highest sto- 0
Effect of sowing dates and irrigation schedules on yield and water-use efficiency of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) K.S. YADAV, R.L. RAJBUT , M.S. AGARKAR .
Authors: K.S. YADAV  , R.L. RAJPUT ANO M.S. AGARKAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1988-89 and 1989-90 at Morena to study the effectof sowing dates and irrigation schedules on growth parameters and water-use efficiency of lndian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson). Timely sown crop (17 and 27 October) significantly increased the growth parameters, viz. leaf-area index, leaf-area ratio, and seed yield, consumptive use and water-use efficiency. Two irrigations at pre-flowering and siliqua-develop- ment stage, followed by 1 irrigation at pre-flowering stage increased growth charac- ters and seed yield significantly than other irrigation treatments. Consumptive use was also improved due to irrigation, whereas the water-use efficiency decreased with irrigation. -.;,
Effect of cutting management and nitrogen on yield, economics and energetic relationships of paragrass (Brachiaria mutica)
Authors: S. CHOUBEY  , R.K. BHAGATANDV.. SRIVASTAVA
Published: December 2023

A study was carried out during 1992 and 1993 to find out effect of cutting rnan- agernent and nitrogen levels on fodder production of paragrass [Brachiaria rnutica (Forskaal) Stapfl. The highest green-forage and dry-matter yields of 359.0 and 101.20 qlha respectively were recorded when the crop was cut at 60-day intervals and fertil- ized with 60 kg Nlha. This treatment also gave the highest gross return (Rs 17 9501 ha), net return (Rs 12,4891ha), net returnlrupee invested (Rs 4.671Re), gross energy out put (182,160 MJlha) and net energy out put (178,719 MJIha). However, the highest energy-use efficiency (152.23) and energy productivity (6,743 g M.l/ha) were obtained where no N was applied and the crop was cut at an interval of 75 days.
Effect of fertiliser and weed management of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa) on nutrient utilization
Authors: N. K. CHOUBEY  , R S. TRIPATHI  , B. C. GHOSH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during rainy seasons of 1993 and 1994 on sandy loam soil at IIT, Kharagpur to study the effect of fertilizer and weed management on nutrient uptake by direct seeded rice and associated weeds. Application of 60 kg N, 30 kg P20, and 30 kg K 2 0 + 6 t FYMlha recorded significantly higher N, P and K uptake by rice as compared to others; whereas, 30 kg P,O, and the highest nutrient removal by weeds was noted under 60 kg N, 30 kg K201ha. Hand weeding and chemical weeding treatments significantly decreased the nutrient removal through weeds as well as increased the uptake by crop and gave higher grain (1.51 and 1.07 Vha) and straw (2.39 and 1.97 Vha) yields. However, minimum nutrient uptake by crop and maximum N, P and K removal by weeds was noted under unweeded check.
Influence of nitrogen and sulphur on growth, yield and oil content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) grown in spring season
Authors: P.K. LEGHA  , GAJENDRA GlRl
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted at New Delhi during 1994 and1995 in sandy loam soil low in available N and S. Nitrogen application up to 80 kglha signifi- cantly improved the growth, yield attributes and seed and oil yields of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Sulphur at 30 kglha significantly increased the number of seeds and seed weight per capitulum resulting in significantly higher seed yields. Application of 60 kg Slha also increased the seed and oil yields in both the years. Optimum doses of N and S were 112 and 53.6 kglha respectively.
Effect of N, P and K on productivity and soil fertility in pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum)-wheat (Tritkum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: UPENDRA VERMA  , O.P. RAJPUT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Bichpuri, Agra, during 1990-93 on sandy loam soil low in available N, medium in available P and high in available K. The highest productivity and profitability of pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum L.1- wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) sequence could be sustained when both crops in sequence were fertilized separately with 120 kg N, 40 kg P,O, and 40 kg &O/ha, registering highest net return (Rs 10,364Iha) and B :C ratio (Rs 1.12). The fertilizer application at higher levels resulted in building up of the fertility of the soil.
Effect of farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilizer on performance of rice (Oryza sativa) under intermediate deepwater condition
Authors: A.R. SHARMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1992 and 1993 at Cuttack, to study the effect of combined use of farmyard manure (0 and 10 t FYMIha) and urea fertilizer (0,20 and 40 kg Nlha at sowing andlor top dressing at active tillering) on direct-sown Gayatri rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in up to 52-58 cm water depth. Adverse effects on growth vigour of rice plants due to initial drought and flooding were tolerated better with FYM application than that without or with N fertilizer alone. The grain yield response due to FYM was higher in the absence of N fertilizer (1.12-1.76 tlha) than when N fertilizer was also applied (0.69-1.34 tlha). Application of 10 t FYMIha re- sulted in either same or significantly higher grain yield than with 40 kg Nlha applied basally through urea fertilizer. Top dressing of 20-40 kg Nlha through urea supergranule placement resulted in no additional advantage in the FYM-treated plots, suggesting continued N supply throughout the crop growth period with organic manuring. The yield potential of rice was realized with 10 t FYMIha applied along with 20 kg Nlha at sowing under these drought-cum-flood prone lowland conditions,
Effect of irrigation, sowing methods and phosphorus in lucerne (Medicago sativa)
Authors: R. M. SOLANKI  , R. G. PATEL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted on loamy sand soil during 1992-94 at Sardar Krushinagar revealed that green fodder yield of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and consumptive use of water (CU) increased with the increase in irrigation levels from IW :CPE ratio of 0.75 to 1.25. A reverse trend was observed in case of water use efficiency (WUE). Moisture extraction decreased with the increase in soil depth. Highest extraction of moisture 0-45 cm was observed under IW : CPE ratio of 1.25. Line sowing at 25 cm recorded numerically higher values of yield, CU and WUE. Green fodder yield, CU and WUE increased with increase in P levels from 60 to 120kg P,O$ha.
Effect of cropweed competition on yield and nutrient uptake by direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) in rainfed, lowland situation
Authors: V.P. SINGH  , B.B. SINGH  , R. NAYAK G. SINGH  , R.K. SINGHI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during wet season of 1995 and 1996 to study the. effect of crop-weed competition on weed growth, yield, and nutrient uptake by direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). Initial weed-free for 45 days or longer, and weedy up to 15 days after sowing resulted significantly higher rice grain and straw yields, and lower dry weight and nutrient uptake by weeds during both the years. Weed infestation for first 15 days caused no significant loss in grain yield compared to weed-free for 45 or 60 days after sowing. The season- long weedy crop resulted 57% reduction in grain yield compared to season-long weed-free. Initial weed-free for first 30 days caused 25% reduction in grain yield which was higher than loss caused by initially weedy for 30 days (22%). The uptake of nutrients (NPK) by rice crop was significantly higher in weed-free treatment. The season-long weedy depleted 35 N, 15 P,05 and 45,hO kgha by weeds while rice crop under weed-free up to maturity removed 60, 26 and 80 kglha of N, P,05 and \O respectively.
Effect of organic manure, fertilizer level and seed rate on yield and quality of late-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: S.S. THAKUR  , I.B. PANDEY  , S.S. MISHRA
Published: December 2023

A fixed plot field experiment was conducted during winter during seasons of 1992-94, to study the effect of organic manure, fertilizer level and seed rate on yield and quality of late-sown wheat .(Trjticum aestjvum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). Organic manuring at 10 tonneslha recorded higher values of yield attributes, grain and straw yields, grain protein content, net return and net returnlrupee investment than no organic manure. Application of 150% more than recommended dose of fertilizers (100:50:25 kg N : P : Wha) recorded signifieantly higher grain yield, harvest index and grain protein content than the lower levels of fertilizers. However, net return and net returnlrupee investment - - with 125% or 150% more application of fertilizers than the recommended dose were at par. The seed rate of 200 kglha recorded significantly higher grain and straw yields than 150 and 100 kglha but both net return and net returnlrupee investment were at par with 150 kg seed rate. Protein content in grain was unaffected by seed rates. The seed rate of 150 kglha recorded significantly higher harvest index than 200 kg seedha. Application of 10 tonneslha organic manure along with the recommended dose of fertilizer resulted in the same yield as obtained with 125% higher dose of fertilizers. However, 10 tonnes organic manure together with 125% more than the recommended dose of fertilizers recorded significantly higher grain yield than the application of 150% more fertilizers alone.. ..
Effect of source and level of phosphorus on the yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under dryland conditions
Authors: B.S. RASKAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1993-94 to 1995-96 on Vertisol to assess the effects of 2 sources and levels of phosphorus on the yield of winter (rabi)sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] under dryland conditions.
Effect of seed rate and weed-control methods on yield of soybean (Glycine max) under rainfed condition
Authors: R.P. YADAV  , U.K. SHRIVASTAVA  , S.C. DWlVEDl
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 1996 and 1997 to study the effect of seed rate and weed-control treatments on the weed growth and yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Higher seed rate (150 kg/ha) s~gnificantly reduced the weed population and dry weight of weeds compared with the lower seed rates (125 and 100 kglha) and enhanced the soybean yield. Two hand-weedings and metolachlor granules (5%) @ 2 kglha were equally effective in reducing weed population and dry weight of weeds. Hand-weeding recorded the maximum seed yield and was significantly superior to all other treatments. - -i Key words : Soybean, Seed rate, Weedicides, Yield
Phosphorus management in rice (Oryza sativa jwheat .(flzticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: V. KAWaL  , K.S. GANGWAR  , B. GANGWAR  , K.P. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

The trials on rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheal (Tritcum aestivum L emend. Fiori & Paol.) cropping system were conducted during 1991-95 at Palampur, R.S. Pura and Varanasi centres of All-India Co-ordinated Research Project on Cropping Systems for determining the frequency of phosphorus application, so as to make judicious use of P fertilizer. Application of P,O,@ 90 kglha to both rainy season (khariq and winter (rabq season crops every year gave maximum system productivity of 8.6 tonneslha. However, fanners may apply 60 kg P20@a every year to rabi crops with greater net returns of Rs 22,705lhdyear at Palampur, whereas application of 60, kg P20Jha to both kharif and rabi crops every year recorded higher net returns of Rs 26,298lhdyear at R.S. Pura. Similarly, application of 60 kg P,OJha to rabicrops in alternate year resulted in maximum net returns of Rs 29,213/ha/year at Varanasi.
Productivity of forage-based farming systems with farm-boundary plantations. of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) under rainfed condition
Authors: R. L. ARYA  , K. P. NIRANJAN  , A. SINGH  , J. B. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 1993-94 to 1995-96 at the lndian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi to study the different food-fodder cropping systems and manurial schedules under rainfed conditions. Significantly higher grain and stover yields of sorghum were obtained in sorghum + pigeonpealCenchrus setigerus intercropping system compared with that in sorghum + cowpea intercropping system. Sorghum + cowpea intercropping produced significantly more green fodder and dry-matter yields of fodder crops than sorghum + grass strips plots. Sorghum grain-equivalent yield was more in sorghum + pigeonpea followed by sorghum + cowpea and sorghum + grass strips plots. Among the different manurial schedules, combined application of organic and inorganic sources of plant nutrients produced significantly higher grain and stover yields of sorghum, green fodder and dry- matter yields of fodder crop as well as sorghum grain-equivalent yield compared with 100% through inorganic fertilizers application. The survival of trees under rainfed condition was 84.3% after 20 months of their establishment. The tree attained 103.4 cm height and 1.33 cm collar diameter under rainfed condition.
Nutrient content and uptake by arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) as influenced by agronomic practices when grown as intercrop in coconut (Cocas nucifera) garden
Authors: H. P. MAHESWARAPPA  , H. V. NANJAPPA  , M. R. HEGDE  , C. C. BIDDAPPA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted during rainy season of 1995 to 1998 at CPCRI, Kasaragod revealed that sizes of planting material and plant-population levels did not influence the nutrient content of arrowroot (Maranta arundianacea L.). But organic manures like farmyard manure, vermicompost and combination of FYM + NPK, NPK alone treatments had higher average N, P and K contents compared with cornposted coir-pith treatment. Nutrient uptake did not differ significantly due to sizes of planting material, whereas with 166,OO population the uptake was significantly higher. Under farmyard manure, vermicompost and combination of FYM+ NPK treatments, the N, P and K removal was higher. The fresh- rhizome yield did not differ significantly due to size of planting material and population level. FYM + NPK combination recorded significantly higher fresh-rhizome yield.
Band placement of urea solution : a new technique to increase urea-N efficiency in transplanted rice (Oryzasativa)
Authors: P. DEVASENAPATHY  , SP. PALANIAPPAN
Published: December 2023

Alternative strategies studied for N fertiliser management to increase the N- use efficiency in lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) were studied in 1993-94. The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the band placement of urea solution in comparison with the application of prilled urea (PU) and neem- coated urea (NCU) and the point placement of urea supergranules (USG). Grain yield and N-use efficiency were higher for band placement of urea solution at both 50 and 100 kg Nlha levels compared with the conventional split application of PU at 100 kg Nlha. A total 15N recovery of 58.66% and 51.65% was recorded for the treatment with band placement of urea solution at 50 and 100 kg Nlha level respectively compared with 47.78% for NCU and 28.53% for : conventional split application as PU.
Production potential and economic feasibility of sesame (Sesamum indicum)-based intercropping system with pulse and oilseed crops on rice fallow land
Authors: R.K. SARKAR  , S.R. GANYAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the spring seeon of 1997 and 1998 at Baruipur, West Bengal, to evaluate the economically and biologically sustainable intercrop association of sesqme (Sesamum indicum L.) with greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.), blackgram (P. mungo L.), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on rice fallow land. An intercropping of groundnut with sesame was found most beneficial to sole stand yield of sesame. Among the intercrop associations, sesame + groundnut under 3:2 row proportion gave the maximum sesame-equivalent yield (947 kglha), land- equivalent ratio (1.31). product of relative crowding coefficient (K 3.87). monetary advantage (Rs 2,913/ha), net returns (Rs 5, 321/ha), income equivalent ratio (1.21) and also indicated a modest cornpetitinre ratio (0.86 : 1.16) and aggressivity factor (* It proved the best intercrop stand among dl the crop asocMms. 0.37).
Integrated management of green leaf, compost, crop-residues and inorganic fertilizers in rice (Oryza sativa)-rice system
Authors: R.A. RAJU  , M.N. REDDY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out in both rainy and winter seasons during 1992-98 at Maruteru, Andhra Pradesh, to find out the effect of integrated nutrient supply system in rice (Oryza sativa !-.)-rice system of coastal ecosystem. The highest (121.1 qlha) system productivity was obtained with the use of sesbania green leaf to substitute 50% NPK need. All organics in conjunction with inorganic fertilizers were superior to sole chemical fertilization in terms of agronomic efficiency. Green-leaf manuring with sesbania resulted in the maximum energy output (1 70, 079 MJIha) and with lesser energy (8,292 MJIha) involvement and resulted in the highest energy ratio (19 : 5). When half of the NPK was substituted through green leaf manure, there was maximum uptake of NPK and a low negative N balance. Phosphorus balance was positive in all treatments and its accumulation was particularly high when large amounts of compost, green- manure, and rice straw were incorporated. The pH values of all treatments declined after 6 years of continuous rice cropping. Organic carbon status declined in the control and among the normal fertilized plots, more organic carbon was present in straw-incorporated plots. Potassium values were remarkably augmented in all organic fertilized plots but more conspicuous in straw-applied treatments.