bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A five‐mRNA signature associated with post‐translational modifications can better predict recurrence and survival in cervical cancer
Authors: Ju Mingyi , Qi Aoshuang , Bi Jia , Zhao Lan , Jiang Longyang , Zhang Qiang , Wei Qian , Guan Qiutong , Li Xueping , Wang Lin , Wei Minjie , Zhao Lin
Published: April 2020

High mortality of patients with cervical cancer (CC) stresses the imperative of prognostic biomarkers for CC patients. Additionally, the vital status of post‐translational modifications (PTMs) in the progression of cancers has been reported by numerous researches. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to dig a prognostic signature correlated with PTMs for CC. We built a five‐mRNA (GALNTL6, ARSE, DPAGT1, GANAB and FURIN) prognostic signature associated with PTMs to predict both disease‐free survival (DFS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.967, 95% CI = 1.985‐7.927; P < .001) and overall survival (HR = 2.092, 95% CI = 1.138‐3.847; P = .018) for CC using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Then, the robustness of the signature was validated using GSE44001 and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. CIBERSORT algorithm analysis displayed that activated CD4 memory T cell was also an independent indicator for DFS (HR = 0.426, 95% CI = 0.186‐0.978; P = .044) which could add additional prognostic value to the signature. Collectively, the PTM‐related signature and activated CD4 memory T cell can provide new avenues for the prognostic predication of CC. These findings give further insights into effective treatment strategies for CC, providing opportunities for further experimental and clinical validations.
Field monitoring of onion maggot (Delia antiqua) fly through improved trapping
Authors: Willett Denis S. , Filgueiras Camila C. , Nyrop Jan P. , Nault Brian A.
Published: April 2020

Onion maggot (Delia antiqua) is an economically important pest of Allium crops in temperate regions throughout the world. Management of this pest is necessary to achieve economic returns and depends on insecticide regimes and cultural management. Current cultural management especially altering planting date, field location and crop rotation depend on monitoring. We evaluated the effect of shape, size, colour and chemical attractants on trap catch of field populations of adult D. antiqua flies in upstate New York. White, large diameter, spherical traps in conjunction with Delia Lure attractant performed the best in attracting and catching D. antiqua adults. These results suggest an improved means of attracting and capturing D. antiqua populations which could be useful in monitoring efforts and development of attract and kill strategies for pest control.
Friend or enemy? Review of 17β‐HSD10 and its role in human health or disease
Authors: Vinklarova Lucie , Schmidt Monika , Benek Ondrej , Kuca Kamil , Gunn‐Moore Frank , Musilek Kamil
Published: April 2020

17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β‐HSD10) is a multifunctional human enzyme with important roles both as a structural component and also as a catalyst of many metabolic pathways. This mitochondrial enzyme has important functions in the metabolism, development and aging of the neural system, where it is involved in the homeostasis of neurosteroids, especially in regard to estradiol, changes in which make it an essential part of neurodegenerative pathology. These roles therefore, indicate that 17β‐HSD10 may be a possible druggable target for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and in hormone‐dependent cancer. The objective of this review was to provide a summary about physiological functions and pathological roles of 17β‐HSD10 and the modulators of its activity.

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Faecal pH throughout the reproductive cycle of sows in commercial pig herds
Authors: Maes Dominiek , Chantziaras Ilias , Vallaey Eline , Demeyere Kristel , Meyer Evelyne , Janssens Geert P. J.
Published: April 2020

Despite the importance of swine intestinal health, there are no easy‐to‐use and cost‐efficient methods to evaluate it under field conditions for sows. To provide some indication about intestinal health, pH of faeces could be used but reference values for the currently high‐performing commercial sow breeds are missing. In response, faecal pH of healthy sows from three different herds (herd A: 230 sows, herd B: 350 sows, herd C: 500 sows) was measured throughout the reproductive cycle. Within each herd, 10 sows were selected and rectal faeces samples were collected at different time points during the reproductive cycle: day 90 of gestation, day 1, 7, 14 and 21 of lactation, 7 days post‐weaning and day 30 of the next gestation. In addition, data on sow body condition (back fat), feed composition and coarseness of the feed were collected. For individual pH measurements, the pH ranged from 6.30 to 7.93. However, for all herds together, the average faecal pH value of the sows throughout the reproductive cycle ranged from 6.89 to 7.15. Also, the variations due to sow and time of sampling during the reproductive cycle were low with coefficients of variation of less than 5%. The results from the pairwise comparisons of the statistical model showed that in the last stages of lactation (i.e., at day 21), significantly lower average pH values (p ≤ .05) are expected when compared to earlier stages of lactation (days 3 or 7), or at day 7 post‐weaning or compared to day 30 of the next gestation. Bearing its limitations, our study provided reference faecal pH values from high‐performing commercial sows under field conditions and as such they could be used directly in the field. Yet, further research is needed to provide more information on the factors affecting pH values throughout the reproductive cycle of the sow.
Optimization of medium using response surface methodology to enhance the growth of Effrenium voratum (Symbiodiniaceae, Dinophyceae)
Authors: Yang Fangfang , Long Chao , Wei Zhangliang , Long Lijuan
Published: April 2020

Survival of coral reef‐associated Symbiodiniaceae is vital to maintain the healthy coral community in coral reefs. However, knowledge about cultivation of free‐living or symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae has been limited. In this study, the response surface methodology was applied to optimize the medium for Effrenium voratum. The results showed that the impacts of nutrient components on algal growth were: FeCl3> NaH2PO4>MnSO4> MgSO4/CoSO4 > KCl>ZnSO4> CaCl2/NaNO3, among which NaH2PO4 and FeCl3 significantly affected algal growth. The optimal medium was: natural seawater supplemented with NaH2PO4·2H2O 0.25 mM,FeCl3·6H2O 14.24 μM, NaNO3 0.94 mM, MgSO4·7H2O 40.63 mM, KCl 5.37 mM, CaCl2·2H2O 4.08 mM, ZnSO4·7H2O 0.35 μM, MnSO4 9.93 μM, and CoSO4 0.36 μM. The use of the optimized medium resulted in an increase of biomass yield (0.76 g dry weight · L−1) by 46% over that using the initial medium, which agreed with the predicted value (0.71 g · L−1). Additionally, fatty acids, mainly consisting of palmitic acid (C16:0) and ethyl carbonate (C20:0), accounted for approximately 50% of the total fatty acids in E. voratum. Interestingly, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) accounted for 6% of total fatty acids, a high proportion that makes E. voratum a potential candidate feedstock in aquaculture for DHA production.
Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates hepatic inflammation in alcohol related liver disease
Authors: Sangineto Moris , Grabherr Felix , Adolph Timon E. , Grander Christoph , Reider Simon , Jaschke Nikolai , Mayr Lisa , Schwärzler Julian , Dallio Marcello , Moschen Alexander R. , Moschetta Antonio , Sabbà Carlo , Tilg Herbert
Published: April 2020

Background & Aims

Alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) comprises different liver disorders which impose a health care issue. ALD and particularly alcoholic steatohepatitis, an acute inflammatory condition, cause a substantial morbidity and mortality as effective treatment options remain elusive. Inflammation in ALD is fuelled by macrophages (Kupffer cells [KCs]) which are activated by intestinal pathogen associated molecular patterns, eg lipopolysaccharide (LPS), disseminated beyond a defective intestinal barrier. We hypothesized that the immunomodulator dimethyl‐fumarate (DMF), which is approved for the treatment of human inflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis or psoriasis, ameliorates the course of experimental ALD.

Methods

Dimethyl‐fumarate or vehicle was orally administered to wild‐type mice receiving a Lieber‐DeCarli diet containing 5% ethanol for 15 days. Liver injury, steatosis and inflammation were evaluated by histology, biochemical‐ and immunoassays. Moreover, we investigated a direct immunosuppressive effect of DMF on KCs and explored a potential impact on ethanol‐induced intestinal barrier disruption.

Results

Dimethyl‐fumarate protected against ethanol‐induced hepatic injury, steatosis and inflammation in mice. Specifically, we observed reduced hepatic triglyceride and ALT accumulation, reduced hepatic expression of inflammatory cytokines (Tnf‐α, Il‐1β, Cxcl1) and reduced abundance of neutrophils and macrophages in ethanol‐fed and DMF‐treated mice when compared to vehicle. DMF protected against ethanol‐induced barrier disruption and abrogated systemic LPS concentration. In addition, DMF abolished LPS‐induced cytokine responses of KCs.

Conclusions

Dimethyl‐fumarate counteracts ethanol‐induced barrier dysfunction, suppresses inflammatory responses of KCs and ameliorates hepatic inflammation and steatosis, hallmarks of experimental ALD. Our data indicates that DMF treatment might be beneficial in human ALD and respective clinical trials are eagerly awaited.
Cross‐species transmission and evolutionary dynamics of canine distemper virus during a spillover in African lions of Serengeti National Park
Authors: Weckworth Julie K. , Davis Brian W. , Dubovi Edward , Fountain‐Jones Nicholas , Packer Craig , Cleaveland Sarah , Craft Meggan E. , Eblate Ernest , Schwartz Michael , Mills L. Scott , Roelke‐Parker Melody
Published: April 2020

The outcome of pathogen spillover from a reservoir to a novel host population can range from a “dead‐end” when there is no onward transmission in the recipient population, to epidemic spread and even establishment in new hosts. Understanding the evolutionary epidemiology of spillover events leading to discrete outcomes in novel hosts is key to predicting risk and can lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of emergence. Here we use a Bayesian phylodynamic approach to examine cross‐species transmission and evolutionary dynamics during a canine distemper virus (CDV) spillover event causing clinical disease and population decline in an African lion population (Panthera leo) in the Serengeti Ecological Region between 1993 and 1994. Using 21 near‐complete viral genomes from four species we found that this large‐scale outbreak was likely  ignited by a single cross‐species spillover event from a canid reservoir to noncanid hosts <1 year before disease detection and explosive spread of CDV in lions. Cross‐species transmission from other noncanid species probably fuelled the high prevalence of CDV across spatially structured lion prides. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) could have acted as the proximate source of CDV exposure in lions. We report 13 nucleotide substitutions segregating CDV strains found in canids and noncanids. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that virus evolution played a role in CDV emergence in noncanid hosts following spillover during the outbreak, suggest that host barriers to clinical infection can limit outcomes of CDV spillover in novel host species.
Demography and adaptation promoting evolutionary transitions in a mammalian genus that diversified during the Pleistocene
Authors: de Jong Menno J. , Li Zhipeng , Qin Yanli , Quéméré Erwan , Baker Karis , Wang Wen , Hoelzel A. Rus
Published: April 2020

Species that evolved in temperate regions during the Pleistocene experienced periods of extreme climatic transitions. Consequent population fragmentation and dynamics had the potential to generate small, isolated populations where the influence of genetic drift would be expected to be strong. We use comparative genomics to assess the evolutionary influence of historical demographics and natural selection through a series of transitions associated with the formation of the genus Capreolus, speciation within this genus during the Quaternary and during divergence among European roe deer (C. capreolus) populations. Our analyses were facilitated by the generation of a new high‐coverage reference genome for the Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus). We find progressive reductions in effective population size (Ne), despite very large census sizes in modern C. capreolus populations and show that low Ne has impacted the C. capreolus genome, reducing diversity and increasing linkage disequilibrium. Even so, we find evidence for natural selection shared among C. capreolus populations, including a historically documented founder population that has been through a severe bottleneck. During each phylogenetic transition there is evidence for selection (from dN/dS and nucleotide diversity tests), including at loci associated with diapause (delayed embryonic development), a phenotype restricted to this genus among the even‐toed ungulates. Together these data allow us to assess expectations for the origin and diversification of a mammalian genus during a period of extreme environmental change.
Implementing, embedding and sustaining simulation‐based education: What helps, what hinders
Authors: Ferguson Jane , Astbury Jayne , Willis Sarah , Silverthorne Jennifer , Schafheutle Ellen
Published: April 2020

Objectives

Although there is much evidence to support the use of simulation‐based education (SBE) in undergraduate education of health care professionals, less attention has been paid to how SBE, viewed as a complex intervention, is implemented and becomes embedded and sustained. This paper aims to explore factors that inhibited or promoted SBE becoming normal practice in undergraduate health care professional programmes.

Methods

Participants involved in the organisation, design and delivery of SBE in the north of England were recruited purposefully from higher education institutions (HEI) and National Health Service (NHS) Trusts through local networks for qualitative telephone interviews. Transcripts were analysed inductively using a hybrid approach involving simultaneous inductive open coding and deductive coding using normalisation process theory (NPT) as a theoretical lens.

Findings

A total of 12 NHS staff from 11 trusts and seven individuals from four HEIs were interviewed. There was considerable variation in the approach taken to implementation across organisations, which resulted in varying degrees of embeddedness. Implementation was challenged or enabled by organisational leadership, professional buy‐in and the development and maturity of the strategic approach. Variation in understanding of the scope and pedagogical aims of SBE led to inequity between professions and organisations in investment and participation, as well as design and delivery of SBE.

Conclusions

Given the complexity of SBE, best practice in implementation should be considered fundamental to the successful delivery of SBE. The findings provide an explanation of how contextual factors can support or hinder implementation to maximise potential benefits and learning outcomes; this understanding can be used to better inform development of SBE strategies and highlight potential factors needed to navigate contextual barriers so that learning outcomes can be maximised.
Retrieval of lingually displaced root of lower third molar report of two cases and review of literature
Authors: Dhanrajani Parmanand
Published: April 2020

Accidental displacement of teeth or roots can occur during extractions. Lingually inclined or deeply impacted mandibular third molar teeth may have a higher risk of being displaced into soft tissues. A case of lingually displaced root while removing lower third molar is described. The techniques used to minimise the risk of accidental displacement of teeth and roots during extraction are discussed. The importance of recognising this complication and methods of retrieval are highlighted.
Pediatric anesthetic implications of COVID‐19—A review of current literature
Authors: Lee‐Archer Paul , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S.
Published: April 2020

Pediatric anesthetists have an important role to play in the management of patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID‐19. In many institutions, the COVID‐19 intubation teams are staffed with anesthetists as the proceduralists working throughout the hospitals also in the ICU and Emergency Departments. As practitioners who perform aerosol generating procedures involving the airway, we are at high risk of exposure to the virus SARS‐CoV‐2 and need to ensure we are well prepared and trained to manage such cases. This article reviews the relevant pediatric literature surrounding COVID‐19 and summarizes the key recommendations for anesthetists involved in the care of children during this pandemic.
Reduction in Migraine and Headache Frequency and Intensity With Combined Antioxidant Prophylaxis (N‐acetylcysteine, Vitamin E, and Vitamin C): A Randomized Sham‐Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Visser Eric John , Drummond Peter D. , Lee‐Visser Julia L. A.
Published: April 2020

Objective

To investigate the preventive effects of a combined antioxidant drug (N‐acetylcysteine, vitamin E, and vitamin C [NEC]) on migraine outcomes. Migraine is characterized by increased oxidative stress and neurogenic inflammation in the brain; therefore, antioxidants may have a migraine preventive effect.

Design

Randomized, double‐blind, sham‐controlled pilot study.

Setting

Australian community.

Subjects

Adults reporting 2 to 8 migraines per month for at least a year.

Methods

After a 1‐month baseline period, 35 subjects completed 3 months of treatment with NEC (n = 19) or sham (n = 16) capsules. The primary outcome was the difference in mean number of headaches per month between baseline and final month of the trial for NEC and sham groups; secondary outcomes are listed below.

Results

For NEC there was a significant decrease in mean number of headaches by 3.0 per month (P = 0.004) compared with 1.4 for sham (P = 0.073); there was no significant difference in these changes between the 2 groups (P = 0.052). Average monthly headache (P = 0.041) and migraine frequency (P = 0.018) were significantly less for NEC vs. sham. In NEC subjects, there was a significant decrease in average monthly migraine days (−3.1), moderate/severe headache days (−3.2), migraine duration, headache pain scores, and acute headache medication use.

Conclusions

This is the first randomized controlled trial to find that combined antioxidant therapy with NEC reduces headaches and migraines in adult migraineurs. Given the limitations of this pilot study, an adequately powered randomized controlled trial is planned to further investigate antioxidant prophylaxis in migraine.
Lifetime cocaine use is a potential predictor for conversion from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder: A prospective study
Authors: de Azevedo Cardoso Taiane , Jansen Karen , Mondin Thaise C. , Pedrotti Moreira Fernanda , de Lima Bach Suelen , da Silva Ricardo A. , de Mattos Souza Luciano D. , Balanzá‐Martínez Vicent , Frey Benicio N. , Kapczinski Flavio
Published: April 2020

Aim

We aimed to identify whether lifetime cocaine use is a risk factor for conversion from major depressive disorder (MDD) to bipolar disorder (BD) in an outpatient sample of adults.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 585 subjects aged 18 to 60 years who had been diagnosed with MDD as assessed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI‐Plus) at baseline (2012–2015). Subjects were reassessed a mean of 3 years later (2017–2018) for potential conversion to BD as assessed by the MINI‐Plus. Lifetime cocaine use was assessed using the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test.

Results

In the second wave, we had 117 (20%) losses, and 468 patients were reassessed. The rate of conversion from MDD to BD in 3 years was 12.4% (n = 58). A logistic regression analysis showed that the risk for conversion from MDD to BD was 3.41‐fold higher (95% confidence interval, 1.11–10.43) in subjects who reported lifetime cocaine use at baseline as compared to individuals who did not report lifetime cocaine use at baseline, after adjusting for demographic and clinical confounders.

Conclusion

These findings showed that lifetime cocaine use is a potential predictor of conversion to BD in an MDD cohort. Further studies are needed to assess the possible underlying mechanisms linking exposure to cocaine with BD conversion.
Combinatorial Tim‐3 and PD‐1 activity sustains antigen‐specific Th1 cell numbers during blood‐stage malaria
Authors: Dookie Rebecca S. , Villegas‐Mendez Ana , Kroeze Hans , Barrett Jordan R. , Draper Simon J. , Franke‐Fayard Blandine M. , Janse Chris J. , MacDonald Andrew S. , Couper Kevin N.
Published: April 2020

Aims

Co‐inhibitory receptors play a major role in controlling the Th1 response during blood‐stage malaria. Whilst PD‐1 is viewed as the dominant co‐inhibitory receptor restricting T cell responses, the roles of other such receptors in coordinating Th1 cell activity during malaria are poorly understood.

Methods and Results

Here, we show that the co‐inhibitory receptor Tim‐3 is expressed on splenic antigen‐specific T‐bet+ (Th1) OT‐II cells transiently during the early stage of infection with transgenic Plasmodium yoelii NL parasites expressing ovalbumin (P yoelii NL‐OVA). We reveal that co‐blockade of Tim‐3 and PD‐L1 during the acute phase of P yoelii NL infection did not improve the Th1 cell response but instead led to a specific reduction in the numbers of splenic Th1 OT‐II cells. Combined blockade of Tim‐3 and PD‐L1 did elevate anti‐parasite IgG antibody responses. Nevertheless, co‐blockade of Tim‐3 and PD‐L1 did not affect IFN‐γ production by OT‐II cells and did not influence parasite control during P yoelii NL‐OVA infection.

Conclusion

Thus, our results show that Tim‐3 plays an unexpected combinatorial role with PD‐1 in promoting and/ or sustaining a Th1 cell response during the early phase of blood‐stage P. yoelii NL infection but combined blockade does not dramatically influence anti‐parasite immunity.
Control of potato powdery scab caused by Spongospora subterranea by foliage cover and soil application of chemicals under field conditions with naturally infested soil
Authors: Tsror (Lahkim) Leah , Lebiush Sara , Hazanovsky Marina , Erlich Orly
Published: April 2020

Powdery scab (PS), caused by Spongospora subterranea, reduces the quality and marketability of potatoes worldwide. Disease symptoms include lesions on the tuber surface and root galling, which may lead to yield losses. In the current study we report a sustainable approach to reduce PS by manipulating soil temperature during tuber initiation. Plant cover with nonwoven fabric significantly reduced PS on tubers by 54%–69% in 2017 and 84%–93% in 2019, compared to the control, and root galling by 96% in 2019, due to an increased average minimum and maximum soil temperature of 1.8 and 4.2 °C in respective years. Additional preplanting soil treatments were also evaluated in naturally infested soil. In 2017, disease incidence and severity were significantly reduced using 2.5 or 5 L a.i./ha fluazinam in broadcast application or in‐furrow, and by 0.375 or 0.75 L a.i./ha flusulphamide applied in‐furrow. In 2019, disease incidence and severity were significantly reduced by the broadcast application of fluazinam, and 75 kg/ha calcium cyanamide, but the latter had a negative impact on yield. Soil fumigation with metam sodium resulted in a 98% reduction in PS. Root galling was significantly reduced by calcium cyanamide, metam sodium, and fluazinam in the 2019 trial only. Foliar application of resistance‐inducing phosphonates combined with fluazinam application had no additive effect on PS incidence and severity. Integrated approaches such as tolerant cultivars, soil testing, preplanting fungicide application, and sustainable means of control such as foliage cover for a short period may be implemented in order to control the disease and minimize damage.
Green leaf volatile (Z)‐3‐hexeny‐1‐yl acetate reduces salt stress in peanut by affecting photosynthesis and cellular redox homeostasis
Authors: Guo Run‐Ze , Yan Heng‐Yu , Li Xi‐Xu , Zou Xiao‐Xia , Zhang Xiao‐Jun , Yu Xiao‐Na , Ci Dun‐Wei , Wang Yue‐Fu , Si Tong
Published: April 2020

Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are released by plants when they encounter biotic stress, but their functions in the response to abiotic stress have not been determined. We have previously shown that exogenous application of (Z)‐3‐hexeny‐1‐yl acetate (Z‐3‐HAC), a kind of GLV, could alleviate salt stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedlings; however, notably little is known concerning the transcription regulation mechanisms of Z‐3‐HAC. In this study, we comprehensively characterized the transcriptomes and physiological indices of peanut seedlings exposed to Z‐3‐HAC and/or salt stress. Analysis of transcriptome data showed that 1420 genes were upregulated in the seedlings primed with Z‐3‐HAC under salt stress compared with the non‐primed treatment. Interestingly, these genes were significantly enriched in the photosynthetic and ascorbate metabolism‐related categories, as well as several plant hormone metabolism pathways. The physiological data revealed that Z‐3‐HAC significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, SPAD value, plant height and shoot biomass compared with the non‐primed peanut seedlings under salt stress. A significantly higher ratio of K+:Na+, reduced‐to‐oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG), and ascorbate‐to‐dehydroascorbate (AsA:DHA) were also observed for the plants primed with Z‐3‐HAC compared with the salt stress control. Meanwhile, Z‐3‐HAC significantly increased the activity of enzymes in the AsA‐GSH cycle. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of Z‐3‐HAC in protecting peanut seedlings against salt stress by affecting photosynthesis, cellular redox homeostasis, K+:Na+ homeostasis, and phytohormones.
Cognitive reappraisal moderates the quadratic association between heart rate variability and negative affectivity
Authors: Gray Jackson M. , Tully Erin C.
Published: April 2020

There is uncertainty as to how high‐frequency heart rate variability (HF‐HRV), a marker of an individual's capacity for flexible physiological reactivity, relates to an individual's tendency to experience negative emotions. We propose that both excessively high and excessively low HF‐HRV may reflect maladaptive physiological reactivity tendencies associated with high negative affectivity and that this association may be influenced by the use of emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitively reappraising negative environmental stimuli to downregulate the experience of negative emotions. The purpose of the current study was to examine the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal in the quadratic association between HF‐HRV and negative affectivity. Electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded at rest for 269 young adults (77% female; M = 19.7 years) who then completed self‐report rating scales assessing trait negative affectivity and trait cognitive reappraisal. As predicted, high and low HF‐HRV were associated with high negative affectivity at low levels of trait cognitive reappraisal. At high levels of trait reappraisal, the quadratic association between HF‐HRV and negative affectivity was not significant. These results suggest that, contrary to traditional views, high HF‐HRV may not always be an adaptive characteristic and may depend on an individual's use of emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal.
Enhancing coral larval supply and seedling production using a special bundle collection system “coral larval cradle” for large‐scale coral restoration
Authors: Suzuki Go , Okada Wataru , Yasutake Yoko , Yamamoto Hidekazu , Tanita Iwao , Yamashita Hiroshi , Hayashibara Takeshi , Komatsu Toshiaki , Kanyama Toru , Inoue Masahito , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: April 2020

Larval recruitment is essential for sustaining coral communities and a fundamental tool in some interventions for reef restoration. To improve larval supply and post‐settlement survival in sexually assisted coral restoration efforts, an integrated in situ collector system, the larval cradle, was designed to collect spawned gametes then culture the resulting larvae until settled on artificial substrates. The final design of the larval cradle was cylindrical, a nylon mesh structure with a volume of 9 m3, suspended in the sea and extending vertically toward the seabed. We found three key design features that improved the efficiency of the apparatus: (1) an open area of sea surface and mesh size of less than 100 μm produced high fertilization and optimal survival (>90%), (2) a special skirt‐shaped net (3 m in diameter) with a connection hose for attaching the cradle to collect bundles from many adult colonies over a wide area and at various depths, and (3) adding short square tube pieces, called square hollow sections, as a substrate for enhancing larval settlement and survival, to a larval cradle at 4 days after spawning was optimal for uniform settlement. This system allowed not only the collection of several million eggs, but also subsequent production of several thousand settled juvenile corals, without land facilities. Our design achieved several hundred times higher survival for early life stages of Acropora tenuis compared to nature.
From Practices to Values: Farmers’ Relationship with Soil Biodiversity in Europe
Authors: Hervé Morgane E.T. , Renault Michel , Plaas Elke , Schuette Rebekka , Potthoff Martin , Cluzeau Daniel , Nicolai Annegret
Published: April 2020

Agriculture benefits from soil functions, whereof many depend on soil biota, but some management practices can threaten soil organisms. We inventoried values that European farmers associate to soils and soil biota into their soil management decisions. We used Dewey’s pragmatic epistemology, stating that values can be observed through active behaviours, attitudes and communication acts. We applied a plural values framework on a dataset composed of 35 scientific articles and five focus groups. Farmers saw the soil as a single object. They hardly distinguished soil biota from other elements in their soils. Soil biota remained poorly known and little valued. Besides instrumental values, many other values, such as soil ecosystem resilience, influence farmers’ management choices. We conclude that soils and soil biota values are plural and that they can evolve along with changes in farmers’ practices. Further studies investigating values dynamics in time and space could be beneficial for designing an effective European soil conservation policy.
Hyperammonemia syndrome due to Ureaplasma infection after liver‐kidney transplant
Authors: Cannon Chase A. , Corcorran Maria A. , Shaw Kathryn W. , Montenovo Martin , Sibulesky Lena , Reyes Jorge D. , Rayhill Stephen C. , Larson Anne M. , Kritek Patricia A. , Giovanni Shewit , de Castro Iris , Arora Nayan , Rakita Robert M.
Published: April 2020

Hyperammonemia syndrome, with high levels of ammonia and neurologic dysfunction, is a syndrome with historically high mortality that may occur after solid organ transplantation. Recently, this has been associated with infection due to Ureaplasma, mostly following lung transplantation. We describe the first case of hyperammonemia syndrome due to Ureaplasma infection after liver‐kidney transplantation. Our patient rapidly recovered after specific antibiotic treatment. It is important to consider these infections in the differential diagnosis for encephalopathy post‐transplant, as these organisms often do not grow using routine culture methods and polymerase chain reaction testing is typically required for their detection. This is particularly critical after liver transplantation, where a number of other etiologies may be considered as a cause of hyperammonemia syndrome.
Predicting Future Flood Frequency Under Climate Change Using Copula Function
Authors: Goodarzi Mohammad Reza , Fatehifar Atiyeh , Moradi Ali
Published: April 2020

The joint behaviour of flood variables under climate change is of high importance for the economics of projects and risk reduction. This study investigates the implications of climate change using Gumbel–Hougaard copula function for future bivariate of flood peak and volume variables, in Azarshahr chay watershed. Canadian Earth system model (CanESM2) under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) along with statistical downscaling method (SDSM) and soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) were adopted to assess both baseline (1976–2005) and future (2030–2059) periods. Bivariate analysis of Copula improved the accuracy of model with an average NSE of 0.97 for all scenarios. Joint return period for severe floods has declined in the future, especially in RCP8.5. For a constant discharge and volume, joint return periods at the base period, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 were 24, 10, 13 and 9 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis may also provide useful information for flood risk assessment.
Management of people with venous leg ulcers by Australian general practitioners: An analysis of the national patient‐encounter data
Authors: Weller Carolina D. , Bouguettaya Ayoub , Britt Helena , Harrison Christopher
Published: April 2020

Venous Leg Ulcers cost Australia's healthcare system millions yearly, as they are underdiagnosed, and possibly undertreated. Most Venous Leg Ulcers are seen in general practice. However, it is currently unknown as to what treatment actions are most common in these contexts. Understanding how they are managed in these settings can improve healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. Using cross‐sectional general practitioner patient encounter data collected April 2006 to March 2016 from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health program, a continuous national study of general practice clinical activity in Australia, we aimed to describe the characteristics of venous leg ulcer management by general practitioners in Australia. Among the 972 100 general practitioner‐patient encounters recorded, 3604 (0.34%) involved management of VLU. Male general practitioners managed Venous Leg Ulcers significantly more often than female general practitioners. Most Venous Leg Ulcers were treated via dressings (76%) and/or pharmacological treatments (25.7%), with few patients receiving the best practice treatment of medical compression (2.1%) or referral (4.9%). Patients with new (first visit) Venous Leg Ulcers were more likely to receive pharmacological treatments and to be referred elsewhere, and less likely to receive dressings than patients receiving follow‐up care. There appears to be a large gap between best practice guidelines and actual Venous Leg Ulcers treatments, as referrals and appropriate treatment was low. Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of care for people with Venous Leg Ulcers who are managed by general practitioners.
“Civil rights? Yeah, right!”: Reflections on legislative changes from older sexual and gender minorities in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Betts David
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION: Sexual and gender minorities continue to face social stigma and discrimination in countries that have progressively passed legislation designed to support their wellbeing and social inclusion. This article explores the impact of similar legislative changes in Aotearoa New Zealand through the reflections of older sexual and gender minorities.METHODS: Semi-structured interviews with older sexual and gender minorities were conducted in multiple locations across Aotearoa New Zealand. Associations between legislative changes, social policy, and stigma and discrimination were examined in relation to the contemporary and historical experiences of older sexual and gender minorities.FINDINGS: Findings indicated that changes in legislation and social policy have not protected older sexual and gender minorities from social stigma and bias, and that social workers need to be active about their role in promoting a critical awareness of these intersections.CONCLUSIONS: With a growing number of older adults who identify as sexual and gender minorities in Aotearoa New Zealand, it is important that social workers promote a critical perspective about relying on legislation as the sole benchmark for social change.
What is the future of social work?
Authors: Rogowski Steve
Published: April 2020

Book review
Social work theory and methods: The essentials
Authors: Sheppard Rebecca
Published: April 2020

Book review
Reflections from the heart of shutdown Aotearoa
Authors: Beddoe Liz , Ballantyne Neil
Published: April 2020

Editorial
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE IMPACT OF PERIODIC RELEASE OF STERILE MALE MOSQUITOES AND SEASONALITY ON THE POPULATION ABUNDANCE OF MALARIA MOSQUITOES
Authors: IBOI ENAHORO A. , GUMEL ABBA B. , TAYLOR JESSE E.
Published: April 2020

This study presents a new mathematical model for assessing the impact of sterile insect technology (SIT) and seasonal variation in local temperature on the population abundance of malaria mosquitoes in an endemic setting. Simulations of the model, using temperature data from Kipsamoite area of Kenya, show that a peak abundance of the mosquito population is attained in the Kipsamoite area when the mean monthly temperature reaches [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, in the absence of seasonal variation in local temperature, our results show that releasing more sterile male mosquitoes (e.g., 100,000) over a one year period with relatively short duration between releases (e.g., weekly, bi-weekly or even monthly) is more effective than releasing smaller numbers of the sterile male mosquitoes (e.g., 10,000) over the same implementation period and frequency of release. It is also shown that density-dependent larval mortality plays an important role in determining the threshold number of sterile male mosquitoes that need to be released in order to achieve effective control (or elimination) of the mosquito population in the community. In particular, low(high) density-dependent mortality requires high(low) numbers of sterile male mosquitoes to be released to achieve such control. In the presence of seasonal variation in local temperature, effective control of the mosquito population using SIT is only feasible if a large number of the sterile male mosquitoes (e.g., 100,000) is periodically released within a very short time interval (at most weekly). In other words, seasonal variation in temperature necessitates more frequent releases (of a large number) of sterile male mosquitoes to ensure the effectiveness of the SIT intervention in curtailing the targeted mosquito population.
Aeroacoustic Attenuation Performance of a Helmholtz Resonator with a Rigid Baffle Implemented in the Presence of a Grazing Flow
Authors: Guan Di , Zhao Dan , Ren Zhaoxin
Published: April 2020

To broaden its’ effective frequency range and to improve its transmission loss performance, a modified design of a Helmholtz resonator is proposed and evaluated by implementing a rigid baffle in its cavity. Comparison is then made between the proposed design and the conventional one by considering a rectangular duct with the resonator implemented in the presence of a mean grazing flow. For this, a linearized 2D Navier-Stokes model in frequency domain is developed. After validated by benchmarking with the available experimental data and our experimental measurements, the model is used to evaluate the effects of (1) the width Lp of the rigid baffle, (2) its implementation location/height Hg, (3) its implementation configurations (i.e., attached to the left sidewall or right sidewall), (4) the grazing mean flow Mu (Mach number), and (5) the neck shape on a noise damping effect. It is shown that as the rigid baffle is attached in the 2 different configurations, the resonant frequencies and the maximum transmission losses cannot be predicted by using the classical theoretical formulation ω2=c2S/VLeff, especially as the grazing Mach number Mu is greater than 0.07, i.e., Mu>0.07. In addition, there is an optimum grazing flow Mach number corresponding to the maximum transmission loss peak, as the width Lp is less than half of the cavity width Dr, i.e., Lp/Dr≤0.5. As the rigid plate width is increased to Lp/Dr=0.75, one additional transmission loss peak at approximately 400 Hz is produced. The generation of the 12 dB transmission loss peak at 400 Hz is shown to attribute to the sound and structure interaction. Finally, varying the neck shape from the conventional one to an arc one leads to the dominant resonant frequency being increased by approximately 20% and so the secondary transmission loss peak by 2-5 dB. The present work proposes and systematically studies an improved design of a Helmholtz resonator with an additional transmission loss peak at a high frequency, besides the dominant peak at a low frequency.
Performance of Combined A/O Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactors for Biological Nutrients Removal from Domestic Wastewater under Different Gas/Water Ratios
Authors: Al-Aboodi Ali H. , Hassan Ayman Alak , Al-Shammari Musa Habib Jassim
Published: April 2020

In this experimental research, the continuous-upflow lab-scale combined A/O Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBRs), with 50% A/O volume ratio and 100% internal NO3− recycling ratio, were constructed to treat 60 L/day of domestic wastewater in Basra Province (Southern Iraq) under full nitrification-denitrification processes. The A/O treatment system consists of Plexiglas square anoxic reactor with effective volume (15 litters), Plexiglas square aerobic reactor with effective volume (30 litters), and 250-litter Plexiglas square primary and final settling tanks. Cylindrical K1 plastic Kaldnes carriers with density of 0.93 g/cm3 were added to both reactors with 60% filling ratio to achieve the process of biofilm attaching. The A/O treatment system was operated under the batch mode for four weeks for development of biofilm; then the system was operated in continuous-upflow mode with total hydraulic retention time (HRT) equal to 18 hours and five different gas : water ratios (5 : 1,7 : 1,10 : 1,15 : 1, and 20 : 1) in order to investigate the effect of gas : water ratio on the total performance of A/O system. The study results illustrated that gas : water ratio has no effect on the removing of NH4+-N and COD, while it significantly affects the removing of TP and TN. The optimum value of gas : water ratio is 7 : 1, with the average value of removal efficiency (R%) of TP, TN, NH4+-N, and COD being 84.49%, 78.67%, 97.27%, and 95.56%, respectively. Under this value of gas : water ratio, the average values of dissolved oxygen (DO) in both aerobic MBBR and anoxic MBBR are 3.96 mg/L and 0.181 mg/L, respectively.
Spermidine Suppresses Development of Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Liu Shuai , Huang Tingting , Liu Rui , Cai Huoying , Pan Baihong , Liao Mingmei , Yang Pu , Wang Lei , Huang Jianhua , Ge Yingbin , Xu Baohui , Wang Wei
Published: April 2020

Background

The protective effects of polyamines on cardiovascular disease have been demonstrated in many studies. However, the roles of spermidine, a natural polyamine, in abdominal aortic aneurysm (
AAA
) disease have not been studied. In this study, we investigated the influence and potential mechanisms of spermidine treatment on experimental
AAA
disease.

Methods and Results

Experimental
AAA
s were induced in 8‐ to 10‐week‐old male C57
BL
/6J mice by transient intra‐aortic infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase. Spermidine was administered via drinking water at a concentration of 3 mmol/L. Spermidine treatment prevented experimental
AAA
formation with preservation of medial elastin and smooth muscle cells. In immunostaining, macrophages, T cells, neutrophils, and neovessels were significantly reduced in aorta of spermidine‐treated, as compared with vehicle‐treated elastase‐infused mice. Additionally, flow cytometric analysis showed that spermidine treatment reduced aortic leukocyte infiltration and circulating inflammatory cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that spermidine treatment promoted autophagy‐related proteins in experimental
AAA
s using Western blot analysis, immunostaining, and transmission electron microscopic examination. Autophagic function was evaluated for human abdominal aneurysmal and nonaneurysmal adjacent aortae from
AAA
patients using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Dysregulated autophagic function, as evidenced by increased
SQSTM
1/p62 protein and phosphorylated
mTOR
, was found in aneurysmal, as compared with nonaneurysmal, aortic segments.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that spermidine supplementation limits experimental
AAA
formation associated with preserved aortic structural integrity, attenuated aortic inflammatory infiltration, reduced circulating inflammatory monocytes, and increased autophagy‐related proteins. These findings suggest that spermidine may be a promising treatment for
AAA
disease.
An improved path discretization method for automated fiber placement
Authors: He Ruming , Qu Weiwei , Ke Yinglin
Published: April 2020

In the automated fiber placement process, the continuous placement paths need to be discretized into a finite number of path points because the laying head cannot continuously trace the predetermined curved path. However, the discretization of the placement path, which is a spatial curve, will inevitably introduce error. In this paper, an improved path discretization algorithm is proposed for the fiber placement of complex double-curved structures. Firstly, the discrete error was decomposed into normal direction and binormal direction, and they are correlated with the laying process and their influences on the laying quality are discussed, respectively. Secondly, the relationship between the binormal error and the overlap of the tow is analyzed with differential geometry, and the influence of the normal error on laying force is discussed by the pressure experiment and the finite element method. Finally, the improved path discretization algorithm has been verified on double-curved surface and compared with the traditional path discrete algorithms. The results showed that the number of discrete path points decreases by 45.8% on average compared with the chordal deviation discretization algorithm and by 63.1% compared with the equal-arc discretization algorithm.
Research on the load equivalent model of wheel loader based on pseudo-damage theory
Authors: Yuan Zhengwen , Lu Yongneng , Hong Tao , Ma Hongfeng
Published: April 2020

The working device of wheel loader undergoes complicated load cycles in operation with changing attitude all the time. However, it is difficult to duplicate the exact load history in lab. The common practice is to apply a fixed load attitude and equivalent load, to the working device to assess its fatigue life. In this paper, a modeling technique to calculate equivalent attitude and equivalent load is proposed. In the process of equivalent model establishing, the damages at critical points are considered. The finite element method is used to obtain the strain time history to compare with tested data.