bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From precision physics to the energy frontier with the Compact Linear Collider
Authors: Sicking Eva , Ström Rickard
Published: April 2020

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a proposed high-luminosity collider that would collide electrons with their antiparticles, positrons, at energies ranging from a few hundred giga-electronvolts to a few tera-electronvolts. By covering a large energy range and by ultimately reaching collision energies in the multi-tera-electronvolts range, scientists at CLIC aim to improve the understanding of nature’s fundamental building blocks and to discover new particles or other physics phenomena. CLIC is an international project hosted by CERN with 75 institutes worldwide participating in the accelerator, detector and physics studies. If commissioned, the first electron–positron collisions at CLIC are expected around 2035, following the high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Here we survey the principal merits of CLIC, and examine the opportunities that arise as a result of its design. We argue that CLIC represents an attractive proposition for the next-generation particle collider by combining an innovative accelerator technology, a realistic delivery timescale, and a physics programme that is highly complementary to existing accelerators, reaching uncharted territory.
Genetic tool development in marine protists: emerging model organisms for experimental cell biology
Authors: Faktorová Drahomíra , Nisbet R. Ellen R. , Fernández Robledo José A. , Casacuberta Elena , Sudek Lisa , Allen Andrew E. , Ares Manuel , Aresté Cristina , Balestreri Cecilia , Barbrook Adrian C. , Beardslee Patrick , Bender Sara , Booth David S. , Bouget François-Yves , Bowler Chris , Breglia Susana A. , Brownlee Colin , Burger Gertraud , Cerutti Heriberto , Cesaroni Rachele , Chiurillo Miguel A. , Clemente Thomas , Coles Duncan B. , Collier Jackie L. , Cooney Elizabeth C. , Coyne Kathryn , Docampo Roberto , Dupont Christopher L. , Edgcomb Virginia , Einarsson Elin , Elustondo Pía A. , Federici Fernan , Freire-Beneitez Veronica , Freyria Nastasia J. , Fukuda Kodai , García Paulo A. , Girguis Peter R. , Gomaa Fatma , Gornik Sebastian G. , Guo Jian , Hampl Vladimír , Hanawa Yutaka , Haro-Contreras Esteban R. , Hehenberger Elisabeth , Highfield Andrea , Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Hopes Amanda , Howe Christopher J. , Hu Ian , Ibañez Jorge , Irwin Nicholas A. T. , Ishii Yuu , Janowicz Natalia Ewa , Jones Adam C. , Kachale Ambar , Fujimura-Kamada Konomi , Kaur Binnypreet , Kaye Jonathan Z. , Kazana Eleanna , Keeling Patrick J. , King Nicole , Klobutcher Lawrence A. , Lander Noelia , Lassadi Imen , Li Zhuhong , Lin Senjie , Lozano Jean-Claude , Luan Fulei , Maruyama Shinichiro , Matute Tamara , Miceli Cristina , Minagawa Jun , Moosburner Mark , Najle Sebastián R. , Nanjappa Deepak , Nimmo Isabel C. , Noble Luke , Novák Vanclová Anna M. G. , Nowacki Mariusz , Nuñez Isaac , Pain Arnab , Piersanti Angela , Pucciarelli Sandra , Pyrih Jan , Rest Joshua S. , Rius Mariana , Robertson Deborah , Ruaud Albane , Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki , Sigg Monika A. , Silver Pamela A. , Slamovits Claudio H. , Jason Smith G. , Sprecher Brittany N. , Stern Rowena , Swart Estienne C. , Tsaousis Anastasios D. , Tsypin Lev , Turkewitz Aaron , Turnšek Jernej , Valach Matus , Vergé Valérie , von Dassow Peter , von der Haar Tobias , Waller Ross F. , Wang Lu , Wen Xiaoxue , Wheeler Glen , Woods April , Zhang Huan , Mock Thomas , Worden Alexandra Z. , Lukeš Julius
Published: April 2020

Diverse microbial ecosystems underpin life in the sea. Among these microbes are many unicellular eukaryotes that span the diversity of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, genetic tractability has been limited to a few species, which do not represent eukaryotic diversity or environmentally relevant taxa. Here, we report on the development of genetic tools in a range of protists primarily from marine environments. We present evidence for foreign DNA delivery and expression in 13 species never before transformed and for advancement of tools for eight other species, as well as potential reasons for why transformation of yet another 17 species tested was not achieved. Our resource in genetic manipulation will provide insights into the ancestral eukaryotic lifeforms, general eukaryote cell biology, protein diversification and the evolution of cellular pathways.
Universality Classes and Information-Theoretic Measures of Complexity via Group Entropies
Authors: Tempesta Piergiulio , Jensen Henrik Jeldtoft
Published: April 2020

We introduce a class of information measures based on group entropies, allowing us to describe the information-theoretical properties of complex systems. These entropic measures are nonadditive, and are mathematically deduced from a series of natural axioms. In addition, we require extensivity in order to ensure that our information measures are meaningful. The entropic measures proposed are suitably defined for describing universality classes of complex systems, each characterized by a specific state space growth rate function.
Attosecond Coherence Time Characterization in Hard X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
Authors: Zhou Guanqun , Decker Franz-Josef , Ding Yuantao , Jiao Yi , Lutman Alberto A. , Maxwell Timothy J. , Raubenheimer Tor O. , Wang Jiuqing , Holman Aaron J. , Tsai Cheng-Ying , Wu Jerome Y. , Wu Weiwei , Yang Chuan , Yoon Moohyun , Wu Juhao
Published: April 2020

One of the key challenges in scientific researches based on free-electron lasers (FELs) is the characterization of the coherence time of the ultra-fast hard x-ray pulse, which fundamentally influences the interaction process between x-rays and materials. Conventional optical methods, based on autocorrelation, are very difficult to realize due to the lack of mirrors. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a novel method which yields a coherence time of 174.7 attoseconds for the 6.92 keV FEL pulses at the Linac Coherent Light Source. In our experiment, a phase shifter is adopted to control the cross-correlation between x-ray and microbunched electrons. This approach provides critical diagnostics for the temporal coherence of x-ray FELs and is universal for general machine parameters; applicable for wide range of photon energy, radiation brightness, repetition rate and FEL pulse duration.
The honeybee (Apis mellifera) developmental state shapes the genetic composition of the deformed wing virus-A quasispecies during serial transmission
Authors: Yañez Orlando , Chávez-Galarza Julio , Tellgren-Roth Christian , Pinto M. Alice , Neumann Peter , de Miranda Joachim R.
Published: April 2020

The main biological threat to the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) is the parasitic miteVarroa destructor, largely because it vectors lethal epidemics of honeybee viruses that, in the absence of this mite, are relatively innocuous. The severe pathology is a direct consequence of excessive virus titres caused by this novel transmission route. However, little is known about how the virus adapts genetically during transmission and whether this influences the pathology. Here, we show that upon injection into honeybee pupae, the deformed wing virus type-A (DWV-A) quasispecies undergoes a rapid, extensive expansion of its sequence space, followed by strong negative selection towards a uniform, common shape by the time the pupae have completed their development, with no difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic adults in either DWV titre or genetic composition. This suggests that the physiological and molecular environment during pupal development has a strong, conservative influence on shaping the DWV-A quasispecies in emerging adults. There was furthermore no evidence of any progressive adaptation of the DWV-A quasispecies to serial intra-abdominal injection, simulating mite transmission, despite the generation of ample variation immediately following each transmission, suggesting that the virus either had already adapted to transmission by injection, or was unaffected by it.
Economical production of vitamin K2 using crude glycerol from the by-product of biodiesel
Authors: Zhang Chao , Wu Daoji , Ren Huixue
Published: April 2020

Industrial waste, such as crude glycerol, was used for vitamin K2 by B. subtilis Z-15. Crude glycerol could be used instead of pure glycerin for vitamin K2 production. The combination of soybean peptone and yeast extract was more conducive to the synthesis of vitamin K2. The optimal composition of medium was obtained by response surface methodology. The results indicated that the optimal medium was as follows: 6.3% crude glycerol, 3.0% soybean peptone concentration and 5.1 g/L yeast extract. Under the optimal culture medium, vitamin K2 production was increased to 45.11 ± 0.62 mg/L. The fermentor test further proved that the use of crude glycerol affected neither the synthesis of vitamin K2 nor the growth of B. subtilis. These investigations could lay a foundation for reducing the pollution of crude glycerol, exploring a late model for vitamin K2 cleaner production.
The DsbA-L gene is associated with respiratory function of the elderly via its adiponectin multimeric or antioxidant properties
Authors: Oniki Kentaro , Nohara Hirofumi , Nakashima Ryunosuke , Obata Yui , Muto Narumi , Sakamoto Yuki , Ueno-Shuto Keiko , Imafuku Tadashi , Ishima Yu , Watanabe Hiroshi , Maruyama Toru , Otake Koji , Ogata Yasuhiro , Suico Mary Ann , Kai Hirofumi , Shuto Tsuyoshi , Saruwatari Junji
Published: April 2020

Oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role in the age-related decline in the respiratory function. Adipokine in relation to the metabolic and inflammatory systems is attracting growing interest in the field of respiratory dysfunction. The present clinical and experimental studies investigated the role of the disulfide bond-forming oxidoreductase A-like protein (DsbA-L) gene, which has antioxidant and adiponectin multimeric (i.e. activation) properties, on the respiratory function of the elderly. We performed a retrospective longitudinal genotype-phenotype relationship analysis of 318 Japanese relatively elderly participants (mean age ± standard deviation: 67.0 ± 5.8 years) during a health screening program and an in vitro DsbA-L knock-down evaluation using 16HBE14o-cells, a commonly evaluated human airway epithelial cell line. The DsbA-L rs1917760 polymorphism was associated with a reduction in the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and %FEV1 and with the elevation of the prevalence of FEV1/FVC < 70%. We also confirmed that the polymorphism was associated with a decreased respiratory function in relation to a decrease in the ratio of high-molecular-weight adiponectin/total adiponectin (as a marker of adiponectin multimerization) and an increase in the oxidized human serum albumin (as an oxidative stress marker). Furthermore, we clarified that DsbA-L knock-down induced oxidative stress and up-regulated the mucus production in human airway epithelial cells. These findings suggest that the DsbA-L gene may play a role in protecting the respiratory function of the elderly, possibly via increased systemic adiponectin functions secreted from adipocytes or through systemic and/or local pulmonary antioxidant properties.
Concepts of Double Hit and Triple Hit Disease in Multiple Myeloma, Entity and Prognostic Significance
Authors: Baysal Mehmet , Demirci Ufuk , Umit Elif , Kirkizlar Hakki Onur , Atli Emine Ikbal , Gurkan Hakan , Gulsaran Sedanur Karaman , Bas Volkan , Mail Cisem , Demir Ahmet Muzaffer
Published: April 2020

Risk assessment in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients (NDMM) is the first and the most crucial determinant of treatment. With the utilization of FISH analysis as a part of routine practice, high risk Multiple Myeloma (MM) is defined as having at least one of the mutations related with poor prognosis including; t(4;14) t(14;16), t(14;20), del 17p, p53 mutation, gain 1q and del 1p. M-Smart MM risk stratification guideline by Mayo Clinic has proposed a concept similar to high grade lymphomas. Having two of the high risk genetic abnormalities were defined as double hit MM and having any three as triple hit MM. Based on these definitions which may bring a much more clinically relatable understanding in MM prognosis, we aimed to assess our database regarding these two concepts and their probable significance in terms of outcome and prognosis. We retrospectively evaluated 159 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and their clinical course. Among these patients; twenty-four patients have one high risk determinant and also seven and two patients were classified as double hit MM and triple hit MM respectively. Overall survival (OS) of the patients with double hit MM was 6 months, 32.0 months for patients with single high risk abnormality and 57.0 months for patients with no high risk abnormality. Univariate analysis showed that Double Hit and Triple Hit MM is a predictive of low OS. Hazard Ratio of patients with one high risk abnormality was 1.42, double-hit MM patients was 5.55, and triple-hit MM patients was 7.3. Despite the development of novel drugs and their effects of prolonging survival, the treatment has not been individualized. Understanding the biology of each patient as a unique process will be the success of the treatment. As it is known that some MM patients harbor high risk genetic abnormalities according to FISH analysis, we can continue the argument that some patients bring an even higher risk and that can be defined as double or triple hit MM.
Individual differences predict endorsement of water resilience
Authors: Baird Julia , Dale Gillian , Farhad Sherman
Published: April 2020

In the epoch of the Anthropocene change, complexity, and uncertainty create a demand for new systems of water management and governance. One such management model that is rapidly gaining traction amongst both scholars and practitioners is the concept of water resilience. Although increasing attention has been paid to the overarching theoretical and applied issues surrounding water resilience, few have examined individual attitudes and perceptions towards this concept. In this paper, we examine to what extent individuals endorse – that is, agree with and see the importance of using - social-ecological resilience as a framework for management and governance of water resources. We approach the problem and promise of water governance in this way because individuals’ mindsets (and shifts in mindsets) offers one of the most effective leverage points for larger system change. To explore water resilience endorsement, we developed a scale (i.e., a water resilience scale) that was designed to capture individual endorsement of each of the seven principles of social-ecological water resilience. Three additional sets of questionnaires were also used to examine whether individual characteristics (i.e., demographics, psychological factors, and environmental attitudes) predict water resilience endorsement. Overall, there was considerable societal endorsement of water resilience. However, the degree to which individuals endorsed the concept of water resilience differed as a function of demographics, psychological characteristics, and attitudes toward the environment. Future research should examine the nuances of endorsement and consider targeted approaches to influence endorsement levels by using the predictor variables as a basis for engaging and shifting mindsets.
Metabolomic alternations of follicular fluid of obese women undergoing in-vitro fertilization treatment
Authors: Song Jingyan , Xiang Shan , Pang Conghui , Guo Jiayin , Sun Zhengao
Published: April 2020

Obesity exerts negative effects on the metabolic homeostasis of cells in various tissues, but how it influences ovum metabolism is not fully understood. Previous studies demonstrate that oocyte genes that regulate oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and inflammation are highly expressed in obese women. However, the metabolic effects of these genetic variations are not clear. To address this gap, we conducted an exploratory evaluation of follicular fluid (FF) metabolites in underweight, normal-weight, overweight, and obese women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. The FF samples from the underweight (Group A, n = 40), normal-weight (Group B, n = 40), overweight (Group C, n = 40), and obese women (Group D, n = 40) were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. A novel, high-coverage, semi-targeted metabolomics method (SWATH to MRM) and a targeted metabolomics method were employed to identify and verify the differential metabolites between the four groups. Sixteen differentially expressed FF metabolites were identified. Increase of BMI was associated with upregulation of 5 metabolites, ganoderiol H, LPI (18:3), sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate, austalide L and 2 - {[hydroxyl (3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylmethylidene] amino} acetic acid, and downregulation of 5 metabolites, 1-phenyl-1,3-elcosanedione, retinol acetate, p-Cresol sulfate, setariol and arachidonyl carnitine. These metabolites were enriched in different metabolic pathways of retinol metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. These obesity-related differential metabolites provide a pathogenesis mechanism that explains the decline of oocyte development during obesity. These results suggest that obesity affects follicular environment prior to pregnancy, a time-window that may be important for lifestyle interventions to decrease obesity levels.
Plasma Leucine-Rich α-2-Glycoprotein 1 Predicts Cardiovascular Disease Risk in End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Yang Feng-Jung , Hsieh Chun-Yih , Shu Kai-Hsiang , Chen I-Yu , Pan Szu-Yu , Chuang Yi-Fang , Chiu Yen-Ling , Yang Wei-Shiung
Published: April 2020

Plasma leucine-Rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is an innovative biomarker for inflammation and angiogenesis. Many adverse pathophysiological changes including inflammation, atherosclerosis, and premature mortality is associated with End-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, whether levels of plasma LRG1 correlate with the co-morbidities of ESRD patients is unknown. Plasma LRG1 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were analyzed by ELISA in 169 hemodialysis patients from the Immunity in ESRD (iESRD) study. Patient demographics and comorbidities at the time of enrollment were recorded. Peripheral blood monocyte and T cell subsets were assessed by multicolor flow cytometry. In the univariate analysis, a higher level of LRG1 was associated with the presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). In multivariate logistic regression models, higher LRG1 tertile was significantly associated with PAOD (odds ratio = 3.49) and CVD (odds ratio = 1.65), but not with coronary artery disease, history of myocardial infarction, or stroke after adjusting for gender, diabetes, hemoglobin, albumin, calcium-phosphate product, and level of hsCRP. In addition, the level of LRG1 had a positive correlation with IL-6, hsCRP, and also more advanced T cell differentiation. The association suggests that LRG1 participates in the progression of atherosclerosis by inducing inflammation. Therefore, the role of LRG1 in coexisting inflammatory response should be further investigated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with ESRD.
Generation of intestinal organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells for drug testing
Authors: Yoshida Shinpei , Miwa Hiroto , Kawachi Tomoyuki , Kume Shoen , Takahashi Koji
Published: April 2020

Drug absorption via the intestinal tissue is modulated by membrane permeability and metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In drug discovery research, using human IECs to evaluate membrane permeability and metabolic stability can offer very useful information when exploring for drug candidate compounds that have good bioavailability and when trying to predict the fraction absorbed and intestinal availability in humans. Here, we evaluated the pharmacokinetic functions of human IECs differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in 3D cultures. As human IECs differentiated in 3D cultures form intestinal organoids and spheroids (herein termed organoids), their morphology makes it difficult to evaluate their pharmacokinetic functions. Therefore, we dissociated intestinal organoids into single cells and attempted to purify human IECs. We found that hiPSC-derived IECs (hiPSC-IECs) expressed the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and could be highly purified by sorting EpCAM+ cells. The hiPSC-IEC monolayer showed a high TEER value (approximately 350 Ω × cm2). In addition, hiPSC-IECs oxidatively metabolized terfenadine (CYP3A and CYP2J2 substrate) and midazolam (CYP3A substrate). These results indicated that hiPSC-IECs form tight-junction and have cytochrome P450 enzymatic activities. In conclusion, we developed a novel application of hiPSC-derived intestinal organoids for drug testing.
Superior adsorption capability and excellent photocatalytic activity derived from the ferroelectric external screening effect in Bi3TiNbO9single-crystal nanosheets
Authors: Yin Xiaofeng , Sun Yingjie , Wu Xiaojun , Li Xiaoning , Liu Huan , Gu Wen , Zou Wei , Zhu Liuyang , Fu Zhengping , Lu Yalin
Published: April 2020

A new strategy based on the ferroelectric external screening effect was used to enhance dye adsorption and degradation activity.
Controlled protein mediated aggregation of polystyrene nanoplastics does not reduce toxicity towards Daphnia magna
Authors: Frankel Rebecca , Ekvall Mikael T. , Kelpsiene Egle , Hansson Lars-Anders , Cedervall Tommy
Published: April 2020

Aggregated small nanoplastics are still toxic whereas solid nanoplastics with the same size as the aggregates are not.
Synergistic effect of cobalt boride nanoparticles on MoS2 nanoflowers for a highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media
Authors: Lao Jie , Li Dong , Jiang Chunli , Luo Chunhua , Qi Ruijuan , Lin Hechun , Huang Rong , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Peng Hui
Published: April 2020

The CoB@MoS2 hybrid enhanced the HER activity compared to MoS2 in 1.0 M KOH solution (HER overpotential is 146 mV).
Understanding the thermally activated charge transport in NaPbmSbQm+2 (Q = S, Se, Te) thermoelectrics: weak dielectric screening leads to grain boundary dominated charge carrier scattering
Authors: Slade Tyler J. , Grovogui Jann A. , Kuo Jimmy Jiahong , Anand Shashwat , Bailey Trevor P. , Wood Maxwell , Uher Ctirad , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Dravid Vinayak P. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: April 2020

Addressing the irregular electrical conductivity in PbQ–NaSbQ2 thermoelectrics. Increasing the NaSbSe2 fraction weakens charge carrier screening and strengthens GB scattering.
Designing transition-metal-boride-based electrocatalysts for applications in electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Lu Yizhong
Published: April 2020

Recent progresses made in transition metal boride (TMB)-based electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting are summarized.
Design and construction of bi-metal MOF-derived yolk–shell Ni2P/ZnP2 hollow microspheres for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Zhang Jinyang , Sun Xuan , Liu Yang , Hou Linrui , Yuan Changzhou
Published: April 2020

Hierarchical yolk–shell Ni2P/ZnP2 hollow microspheres are smartly synthesized, and exhibit exceptional OER performance, benefiting from their unique compositional/structural merits.
Heterogeneous water oxidation photocatalysis based on periodic mesoporous organosilica immobilizing a tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium sensitizer
Authors: Waki Minoru , Shirai Soichi , Yamanaka Ken-ichi , Maegawa Yoshifumi , Inagaki Shinji
Published: April 2020

Ruthenium complex photosensitizer fixed on 2,2′-bipyridine bridged-periodic mesoporous organosilica with iridium oxide exhibits an efficient photocatalytic water oxidation.
Zeolitic imidazolate framework derived ZnCo2O4 hollow tubular nanofibers for long-life supercapacitors
Authors: Zhao Shihang , Yu Xianbo , Chen Hongmei , Tao Kai , Hu Yaoping , Han Lei
Published: April 2020

Uniform metal oxides hollow tubular nanofibers have been controllably prepared by calcination strategy using electrospun polymer nanofibers as soft templates and zeolitic imidazolate framework nanoparticles as precursors for long-life supercapacitor.
Covalently functionalized graphene oxide wrapped by silicon–nitrogen-containing molecules: preparation and simultaneous enhancement of the thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin nanocomposites
Authors: Sui Yanlong , Qu Lijie , Li Peihong , Dai Xueyan , Fang Qiangsheng , Zhang Chunling , Wang Ying
Published: April 2020

This study provided a modification strategy for improving the flame retardance of graphene and its derivatives in a polymer matrix.
Retraction: Synthesis and characterization of Co/Ti layered double hydroxide and its application as a photocatalyst for degradation of aqueous Congo Red
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: April 2020

Retraction of ‘Synthesis and characterization of Co/Ti layered double hydroxide and its application as a photocatalyst for degradation of aqueous Congo Red’ by Priyadarshi Roy Chowdhury and Krishna G. Bhattacharyya, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 92189–92206.
Oxidation promoted self-assembly of π-conjugated polymers
Authors: Hicks Garion E. J. , Jarrett-Wilkins Charles N. , Panchuk Jenny R. , Manion Joseph G. , Seferos Dwight S.
Published: April 2020

Conjugated block copolymers, where each block contains a unique electroactive group, allows selective block-oxidation in solution, which promotes reversible, redox-controlled self-assembly.
Origin of Recent Interstellar 60Fe on Earth
Authors: Koll Dominik , Faestermann Thomas , Korschinek Gunther , Wallner Anton
Published: April 2020

Over the last 20 years, evidence for a 2 Myr old supernova 60Fe influx onto Earth was provided by several authors. For the first time, independent investigations of samples from two different geological archives yielded conclusive data for a further, much younger 60Fe influx onto Earth. The origin of this influx is currently unclear because of the limited data available, the lack of consistent astrophysical models and a gap in the data between 50 kyr and 1 Myr. Possible astrophysical scenarios will be discussed with respect to the different influx patterns from different sources and a measurement to close the gap will be proposed.
Fission Product Yield Measurements from Neutron-Induced Fission of 235,238 U and 239Pu
Authors: Stoyer M. A. , Tonchev A. P. , Silano J. A. , Gooden M. E. , Wilhelmy J. B. , Tornow W. , Howell C. R. , Krishichayan F. , Finch S.
Published: April 2020

Fission product yields (FPY) are one of the most fundamental quantities that can be measured for a fissioning nucleus and are important for basic and applied nuclear physics. Recent measurements using mono-energetic and pulsed neutron beams generated using Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory’s tandem accelerator and employing a dual fission chamber setup have produced self-consistent, high-precision data critical for testing fission models for the neutron-induced fission of 235,238U and 239Pu between neutron energies of 0.5 to 15.0 MeV. These data have elucidated a low-energy dependence of FPY for several fission products using irradiations of varying lengths and neutron energies. This paper will discuss new measurements just beginning utilizing a RApid Belt-driven Irradiated Target Transfer System (RABITTS) to measure shorterlived fission products and the time dependence of fission yields, expanding the measurements from cumulative towards independent fission yields. The uniqueness of these FPY data and the impact on the development of fission theory will be discussed.
E2 collectivity in shell-model calculations for odd-mass nuclei near 132Sn
Authors: Gray T. J. , Stuchbery A. E. , Fuderer L. A. , Allmond J. M.
Published: April 2020

Shell-model calculations for 127,129In and 129,131Sb are presented, and interpreted in the context of the particle-core coupling scheme, wherein proton g9/2 holes or g7/2 particles are added to semimagic 128,130Sn cores. These results indicate that the particle-core coupling scheme is appropriate for the Sb isotopes, whilst less so for the In isotopes. B(E2) excitation strengths are also calculated, and show evidence of enhanced collectivity in both Sb isotopes, especially 131Sb. This observation suggests that 131Sb would be an excellent case for an experimental study seeking to investigate the early onset of collectivity near 132Sn.
Canine Neurodynamik – Untersuchung und Behandlung
Authors: Hárrer Sabine
Published: April 2020

Bei der Untersuchung eines neurodynamischen Problems stehen die Testung der Entfaltbarkeit peripherer Nerven (Neurotensionstest) und die Prüfung der Schmerzhaftigkeit der Nervendruckpunkte (Nervenpalpation) im Fokus. Durch die Lokalisation der Schmerzpunkte kann man feststellen, wo genau in seinem Verlauf der Nerv irritiert ist, sodass man eine gezielte Behandlung einleiten kann.
„Sexualität ist ein Grundbedürfnis – bitte sprecht darüber!“ – Sexualität als Betätigungsanliegen
Authors: Raß Lisa
Published: April 2020

Viele Klienten, die sich mit Erkrankungen wie Multiple Sklerose, Querschnittlähmung oder Schlaganfall in der ergotherapeutischen Praxis vorstellen, sind in ihrer Sexualität eingeschränkt. Darüber redet aber so gut wie niemand. Ergotherapeutin Katja Stolte findet, dass sich daran dringend etwas ändern muss. Gemeinsam mit ihrer Klientin Heike Zirnstein erläutert sie, warum es wichtig ist, sexuelle Einschränkungen stärker zu beachten. Im Interview erzählen sie, wie das in ihrem Fall funktioniert hat.
Parkinson-Netzwerke in Deutschland: Zukunft oder Utopie?
Authors: Eggers Carsten , Wolz Martin , Warnecke Tobias , Prell Tino , Tönges Lars
Published: April 2020

Hintergrund Die Parkinson-Krankheit erfordert von Diagnosestellung an eine enge Interaktion verschiedener Versorgungspartner, um eine bestmögliche Versorgung der Patientinnen und Patienten zu ermöglichen. Die Behandlungsrealität zeigt jedoch, dass hier oftmals noch deutliche Versorgungslücken bestehen. In den letzten Jahren wurde erkannt, dass die Bildung von Netzwerken zur Verbesserung der Versorgung von Parkinson-Patienten beitragen kann.

Ziel der Arbeit Es sollen der aktuelle Stand der Entwicklung von Parkinson-Netzwerken in Deutschland, die Evidenzlage sowie die Zukunft von Parkinson-Netzwerken dargestellt werden.

Material und Methoden Die Erfahrungen aus bestehenden Netzwerken in Deutschland wurden systematisch aufgrund von persönlichen Erfahrungsberichten sowie Veröffentlichungen erfasst. Die bestehende nationale und internationale Evidenz wurde zusammenfassend dargestellt, und es wurden kritische Erfolgsfaktoren sowie Hürden analysiert. Des Weiteren wurden mögliche Zukunftsszenarien entwickelt.

Ergebnisse Es gibt vielfältige integrierte Versorgungsansätze für eine Verbesserung der Versorgung von Parkinson-Patienten. Dies ist jedoch bisher meist vorbehaltlich der Initiative an einzelnen Standorten, ohne dass hierfür verbindliche Voraussetzungen vonseiten des Gesetzgebers oder der Kostenträger außerhalb von Modellprojekten geschaffen sind.

Diskussion Es muss festgestellt werden, dass aktuell eine problemlose und auch kosteneffiziente Entwicklung intersektoraler Netzwerkstrukturen innerhalb der bestehenden Möglichkeiten des deutschen Gesundheitswesens nur sehr schwer zu realisieren ist. Das hohe persönliche Engagement einzelner Akteure stellt derzeit die Basis der existierenden regionalen Netzwerke dar. Ein übergeordnetes gesundheitspolitisches Konzept ist nötig, um Parkinson-Netzwerke weiter inhaltlich und infrastrukturell zu fördern.
Prävalenz nicht-authentischer Beschwerdenbilder und
Indikatoren in der Begutachtung psychischer und psychosomatischer
Störungen – retrospektive Analyse einer
Begutachtungsstichprobe
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Krüger Martin , Ullmann Utz
Published: April 2020

Ziel der Studie Gutachterliche Entscheidungen hinsichtlich
nicht-authentischer Beschwerdendarstellungen psychischer und psychosomatischer
Störungen wurden untersucht. Änderungen der Gutachtenmethodik
über die Zeit und andere Einflussfaktoren sollten berücksichtigt
werden.

Methodik Es erfolgte die retrospektive Analyse eines Gutachtenpools einer
psychologischen Begutachtungsstelle zur Zusammenhangsfrage bei psychischen
Störungen (n=1175), der über einen Zeitraum von 16
Jahren (2000–2015) erstellt wurde.

Ergebnisse Mit komplexerer Methodik über die Zeit werden
häufiger Inkonsistenzen in der Datenlage aufgeführt.
Antwortverzerrungen in Beschwerdenvalidierungsverfahren sind häufig
(47,2%), die Einschätzung eines insgesamt nicht-authentischen
Beschwerdenbildes ist jedoch geringer (bis 15,8%). Ein Gutachter-Bias
findet sich bei einheitlicher Methodik nicht.

Schlussfolgerung Aktuelle eher niedrigere Schätzungen
nicht-authentischer Beschwerdenbilder in Gutachten werden gestützt.
Beschwerdenvalidierungsverfahren werden als bedeutende Entscheidungsquelle von
psychologischen Gutachtern genutzt. Für die Gesamteinschätzung
von Antwortverhalten ist jedoch ein multimethodales Vorgehen notwendig.
Effektivität von Screeningverfahren zur Identifizierung von
Medikamentenabhängigkeit: Vergleich der Severity of Dependence Scale
(SDS) und des Kurzfragebogens zu Medikamentenmissbrauch (KMM)
Authors: Bischof Gallus , Otto Christiane , Bischof Anja , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen
Published: April 2020

Ziel Abhängigkeit und Missbrauch von verschreibungspflichtigen
Medikamenten sind prävalente Störungen, die durch das
Suchthilfesystem kaum erreicht werden. Verfahren zur frühen Erkennung
von Betroffenen in medizinischen Settings könnte zu einer Verbesserung
der Versorgung beitragen, wobei entsprechende Screeningverfahren unzureichend
validiert sind.

Methodik In einer pro-aktiven, unausgelesenen Stichprobe von 6042
konsekutiven Patienten zweier Allgemeinkrankenhäuser in Lübeck
wurde ein Screening mittels des Kurzfragebogens zu
Medikamentenabhängigkeit und Missbrauch KMM und der Severity of
Dependence Scale durchgeführt. Bei Screening-auffälligen
Patienten (n=226, Ausschöpfung 55,3%) sowie einer
randomisierten Teilstichprobe von 334 Screening-negativen Patienten wurde eine
standardisierte klinische Diagnostik medikamentenbezogener Störungen
durchgeführt. Für beide Verfahren wurden optimale Cut-off-Werte
und die klinische Validität mittels ROC-Kurven bestimmt.

Ergebnisse Von 226 Screening-auffälligen Patienten mit Einnahme
abhängigkeitserzeugender Medikamente nach der Anatomical Therapeutical
Classification wurde bei 98 Personen eine medikamentenbezogene Störung
diagnostiziert. In der Teilstichprobe der Screening-negativen Patienten wurden
bei 2 Patienten entsprechende Störungen festgestellt. Bei beiden
eingesetzten Screeningverfahren zeigte sich eine gute Sensitivität und
Spezifität. Reine Fragebogendaten ohne Prüfung der eingenommenen
Medikamente führten jedoch zu hohen Raten falsch-positiver Befunde.

Schlussfolgerung Medikamentenbezogene Störungen können
ökonomisch und valide durch Fragebogenverfahren identifiziert werden,
wenn in einem zweiten Schritt die genaue Medikation erfasst und eine klinische
Diagnostik durchgeführt wird. Die Aussagekraft von Screeningverfahren zu
medikamentenbezogenen Störungen ohne fallbezogene klinische Validierung
ist eingeschränkt.
Perioperative Beta-Blocker for Atrial Fibrillation after Cardiac Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Sue Hyun , Jang Myoung-jin , Hwang Ho Young
Published: April 2020

Background This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of perioperative use of beta-blocker (BB) on postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery other than isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods Five online databases were searched. Studies were included if they (1) enrolled patients who underwent cardiac surgery other than isolated CABG and (2) demonstrated the impact of perioperative use of BB on POAF based on the randomized controlled trial or adjusted analysis. The primary outcome was the occurrence rates of POAF after cardiac surgery. A meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed according to the proportion of patients with cardiac surgery other than isolated CABG and the timing of BB use, respectively.

Results Thirteen articles (5 randomized and 8 nonrandomized studies: n = 25,496) were selected. Proportion of enrolled patients undergoing cardiac surgery other than isolated CABG ranged from 7 to 100%. The BBs were used in preoperative, postoperative, and both periods in 5, 5, and 3 studies, respectively. The pooled analyses showed that the risk of POAF was significantly lower in patients with perioperative BB than those without (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval = 0.56, 0.35–0.91 and 0.70, 0.55–0.91 in randomized and nonrandomized studies, respectively). The risk of POAF was lower in the BB group irrespective of the proportion of nonisolated CABG. Benefit regarding in-hospital mortality was inconclusive. Perioperative stroke and length of stay were not significantly different between BB and non-BB groups.

Conclusions Perioperative use of BB is effective in preventing POAF even in patients undergoing cardiac surgery other than isolated CABG, although it did not translate into improved clinical outcomes.
Saúde mental antes e depois da artroplastia total do joelho
Authors: Barbosa Igor Magalhães , de Sousa Thales Gonçalves , Fernandes Larissa Meireles , Campos Jessica Studart Matos , Nogueira João Bosco Sales , Bezerra Marcelo José Cortez
Published: April 2020

Objetivo Avaliar os resultados pré e pós-operatórios em relação à depressão, dor, limitações funcionais e episódios de queda em pacientes diagnosticados com osteoartrite (OA) grave do joelho submetidos a uma artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ), usando um implante móvel com uma plataforma rotativa e removendo o ligamento cruzado posterior.

Métodos O questionário de Lequesne foi utilizado para avaliar a dor e as limitações funcionais antes e após a ATJ. Além disso, a escala de depressão geriátrica (EDG) também foi utilizada. Os episódios de quedas antes e após a cirurgia foram estimados.

Resultados O escore médio de Lequesne antes da cirurgia foi de 15,95 e após a cirurgia foi de 6,5. Esse resultado foi estatisticamente significativo (p < 0,001). O escore médio da EDG antes da cirurgia foi de 7,43 e após a ATJ foi de 2,22 (p < 0,001). O número médio de ocorrências de queda antes do procedimento, em um período de 1 ano, foi de 1,22 e após a ATJ foi de 0,27 (p = 0,004). Foi encontrada uma relação direta entre os escores de Lequesne antes da cirurgia e os escores da EDG (p = 0,004).

Conclusões A ATJ resultou em melhora da dor e limitação funcional, diminuição ou desaparecimento da condição depressiva e diminuição das taxas de queda nos pacientes avaliados.
Interaction of electron acoustic waves in the presence of superthermal electrons in terrestrial magnetosphere
Authors: Jahangir R. , Masood W.
Published: April 2020

We have investigated the propagation and interaction of nonlinear electron acoustic waves (EAWs) in a plasma comprising hot (superthermal) and cold electrons and immobile ions. We have derived the Korteweg-de Vries equation for EAWs in the small amplitude limit. Employing the Hirota's Direct method, we have investigated the multisoliton solutions for electron acoustic solitary waves (EASWs). It has been found that the system under consideration admits only rarefactive electrostatic solitary structures. As the observable data are available in terms of electric field rather than electric potential, therefore, we have discussed our results in terms of bipolar electric field structures. The numerical analysis has revealed that the ratio of hot to cold electrons and superthermality of hot electrons play a crucial role in changing the amplitude of EASWs. The interaction of the two solitons and its dependence on the choice of propagation vectors, superthermality, and density ratio have also been elaborated. The results of the present study may be beneficial to comprehend the interaction between two EASWs in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.
Corrigendum to: Promoting pepper (Capsicum annuum) photosynthesis via chloroplast ultrastructure and enzyme activities by optimising the ammonium to nitrate ratio
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xie Jianming , Gan Yantai , Coulter Jeffrey A. , Dawuda Mohammed Mujitaba , Yu Jihua , Lv Jian , Li Jing , Zhang Xiaodan , Tang Chaonan , Wang Cheng , Niu Tianhang , Calderón-Urrea Alejandro
Published: April 2020

Optimal plant growth in many species is achieved when the two major forms of N are supplied at a particular ratio. In this pot experiment, the effects of five different ammonium:nitrate ratios (ANRs) (0:100, 12.5:87.5, 25:75, 37.5:62.5, and 50:50) on photosynthesis efficiency in chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants were evaluated. The results showed that an ANR of 25:75 increased the contents of chl a, leaf area and dry matter, whereas chl b content was not affected by the ANRs. Regarding chlorophyll fluorescence, an ANR of 25:75 also enhanced the actual photochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching and maximum photosynthetic rate. However, the 0:100 and 50:50 ANRs resulted in higher values for nonphotochemical quenching. An inhibition of maximal photochemical efficiency was found when 50% NH4+ was supplied at the later stage of plant growth. The addition of 25% or 37.5% NH4+ was beneficial for gas exchange parameters and the 25% NH4+ optimised the thylakoid of chloroplasts. Compared with nitrate alone, 12.5–50% NH4+ upregulated glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), the large subunit and the small subunit of Rubisco. It can be concluded that the 25:75 ANR accelerated N assimilation through active GDH, which provides a material basis for chloroplast and Rubisco formation, resulting in the increased photosynthetic rate and enhanced growth in chilli pepper.
Discourse markers as a lens to variation across speech and writing
Authors: Marmorstein Michal
Published: April 2020

This paper explores the use of the discourse marker (DM)yaʕni(lit. ‘it means’) in spoken and written Egyptian-Cairene Arabic. The DMyaʕnioriginates in conversational interaction and is symbiotic with its socio-cognitive constraints and goals: it serves to facilitate the verbalization of new or hard-to-activate ideas and to optimize the verbalization of already-introduced ideas, so as to enhance participants’ mutual understanding and involvement. When carried over to written discourse,yaʕniundergoes various forms of adaptation. In casual-personal proseyaʕniis frequently used; however, the distribution of the tokens is different and their function recontextualized. Tokens introducing new ideas are few and acquire symbolic meaning, while tokens introducing elaboration of prior discourse are widely used and serve to evoke conversational interaction. In expository discourse, as reflected in Egyptian Wikipedia data,yaʕniis considerably less frequent and limited to elaborations of concepts and facts. The paper shows the highly context-sensitive function of the DMyaʕniand the ways in which its indexical force, as a marker of conversationality, is either heightened or weakened in writing, depending on the genre in which it is put to use.
The ideological construction of Western ISIS-associated females
Authors: Nyamutata Conrad
Published: April 2020

Since the outbreak of the war in Syria, some Western women and girls have travelled to the warzone to join the group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and marry some of the group’s fighters. However, since the collapse of the ‘caliphate’ some of the women and girls have been stranded amid reluctance to accept them back to countries of origin. The women and girls have been the subject of various descriptions and labels. This is a conceptual and theoretical study which examines the ideological construction of females who travelled from Europe and West to join ISIS. The paper uses discourse analysis to examine the use of particular labels in the Western media, drawing primarily from the British press, on the ISIS-associated females seeking return to the West. The paper finds that a naturalized and dominant discourse has developed in the ideological construction of the females.
Meaning construction and motivation in the English benefactive double object construction
Authors: Guerrero Medina Pilar
Published: April 2020

This paper explores the interaction between verbal and constructional semantics in the benefactive double object construction in English. My main aim is to disentangle the semantics of the construction exploring the constructional potential of the main alternating verb classes, i.e., verbs of “obtaining”, “creation” and “preparing” (Levin, 1993), and spelling out the cognitive principles that motivate these and other extended uses as cases of lexical-constructionalsubsumptionwithin the framework of the Lexical Constructional Model (cf.Galera Masegosa & Ruiz de Mendoza, 2012;Ruiz de Mendoza, 2013). Rather than advocating a polysemous analysis of the ditransitive, as proposed by Goldberg (1992,1995), the position I take here is that ditransitives with beneficiary arguments and ditransitives with prototypical recipient arguments instantiate two different subconstructions which cannot be treated under the same general rubric, in spite of their “shared surface form” (Goldberg, 2002, p. 330).
Delivering the unconventional across languages
Authors: Lu Wei-lun , Shurma Svitlana , Kemmer Suzanne
Published: April 2020

This paper presents an analysis of nonce words that relies on Cognitive Grammar (CG) using the English version of “Jabberwocky” and its two Ukrainian renditions. We identify great variation among the versions, both inter-lingual and intra-lingual. In particular, not only do the versions differ greatly in terms of construal presented in CG terms, but there are various elements that do not, and simply cannot, get through between the English version and the Ukrainian ones. We accordingly propose that the use of Multiple-Parallel-Text (MultiParT) approach can not only help make generalizations across representative text producers within the same language but also allow one to investigate how different systems of human communication are equipped to produce unconventional meaning using its own conventionalized means, and that use of CG is capable of providing a reliable analytical framework with high descriptive adequacy. We also propose that a combination of MultiParT and CG may constitute an advantage in cross-linguistic research of literary semantics and cognitive poetics.
Translational neuroscience: the state of the nation (a PhD student perspective)
Authors: Davies Caitlin , Hamilton Olivia K L , Hooley Monique , Ritakari Tuula E , Stevenson Anna J , Wheater Emily N W
Published: April 2020

Many brain disorders are currently untreatable. It has been suggested that taking a ‘translational’ approach to neuroscientific research might change this. We discuss what ‘translational neuroscience’ is and argue for the need to expand the traditional translational model if we are to make further advances in treating brain disorders.