bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post cholecystectomy common bile duct dilatation: a study from upper hills of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Sood Rajan , Singh Rinku , Chawla Sumit
Published: February 2020

Background: Relationship between cholecystectomy followed by postoperative dilatation of the common bile duct is uncertain. Various studies have shown variable results regarding the dilatation of common bile duct after cholecystectomy.Methods: This study was a 1-year prospective study conducted at IGMC, Shimla with consent and ethical approval from the committee. Total 50 cases of symptomatic cholelithiasis belonging to either sex admitted in Surgical Wards of IGMC Shimla for elective surgery were selected for the present study. Cholecystectomy was done in all cases, after doing all the investigations.Results: The mean preoperative CBD diameter in the study group was 4.2mm, 48 hours postoperatively was 5.58mm and at 1-month interval following cholecystectomy was 6.02mm, so the mean postoperative diameter observed was (6.02+5.58=5.8mm).Conclusions: Significant dilatation does occur in CBD which is purely compensatory as there was no evidence of any pathological dilatation. This dilatation occur only in early post-operative period till the CBD adapts to contain bile equal to the Gall Bladder.
A single centre 10-year experience of Mitrofanoffs procedure for varied indications with its outcome
Authors: Athawale Hemangi R. , Mane Shivaji B. , Vagheriya Natasha , Kotawala Hussain , More Prathamesh , Daginawala Taha
Published: February 2020

Background: To evaluate long term efficacy and complications of Mitrofanoffs procedure in patients with bladder dysfunction.Methods: Authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 51 patients who underwent construction of a continent catherisable channel (mitrofanoffs and monti) from 2009 till 2019 in our institution. Clinical findings and investigations result along with surgical techniques used were noted for these patients. Postoperative complications along with urinary continence and renal outcome were evaluated.Results: Mean age was 7 years and mean follow up was for 3 years. 27 patients were with neurogenic bladder and 24 with non-neurogenic bladder. The most common type of conduit was appendicovesicostomy (38) followed by illeal monti (12) and ureter (1). The most common stomal site was umbilicus (44) followed by right lower abdominal quadrant (6). Catherterizable conduit complications included stomal leakage in 3, mucosal prolapse at the stoma site in1 and an intra peritoneal leak requiring exploratory laprotomy and revision in1. Relative stomal continence was achieved in 98%. The preoperative serum creatinine & blood urea nitrogen (BUN) at the time of mitrofanoffs procedure at the last follow up after the procedure were sought and compared using Chi square test showed statistically significant improvement (p<0.01). No differences in outcome and complication rates were noted between different types of conduit, sites of implantation, or segments used for augmentation.Conclusions: Mitrofanoff is a safe and reliable procedure in children who are dependent on intermittent catherisation in developing countries. Appendicovesicostomy is our first option followed by yang -monti illeovesicostomy.  While stomal continence is excellent patient education, family motivation and cost reduction are important factors for its lasting efficiency.
Factors associated with open air defecation in a rural field practice area of a medical college: a cross sectional study
Authors: Taranum Arshiya , Reddy Satya , G. Muhammed Muntazeem , Kurre Bhaskar
Published: February 2020

Background: Open defecation is the practice where people go out in fields, bushes, forests, open bodies of water or other open spaces rather than using the toilet to defecate. The health hazards due open air defecation are soil and water pollution, contamination of foods and propagation of flies which results in the spread of diseases like typhoid, cholera, dysenteries, diarrheas, hookworm diseases, ascariasis, viral hepatitis and other intestinal infections.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Singanodi village. 122 houses were selected for interview. One member from each household, preferably the head of the family was interviewed. The questionnaire included the socio-demographic features, practices about sanitary latrine usage and awareness about the diseases due to open air defecation. Data was entered in MS Excel and analysed using SPSS vs 20.Results: In the study the prevalence of open air defecation was found to be 63.1%. Majority of the study participants (52.5%) had sanitary latrines in their houses. 15.6% of the household practices open air defecation in spite of having toilets in their homes. Significant association was found between education and overcrowding with open air defecation.Conclusions: The study reinforces the importance of creating awareness about the importance of sanitary latrines and involvement of Government, NGO and communities is essential to stop open air defecation practices.
Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among women with gestational diabetes mellitus in semi-urban area, Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu: a case control study
Authors: Pushparani Joy Patricia , Yazhini M. , Priya K. Caroline
Published: February 2020

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hence early detection by screening and management of GDM is very essential to reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes. Objectives was to evaluate the strength of association of GDM and type 2 diabetes among women aged 30 to 35 years in Thiruvallur District, to find the association of other risk factors with type 2 diabetes.Methods: A study was conducted among 160 women with 44 cases and 116 controls aged 30-35 years attending NCD clinics in Thiruvallur District between March and September 2016. The cases and controls were matched for age and time period between last delivery and the time of screening as 5 years or more. GDM exposure was ascertained if their venous blood glucose levels during their antenatal and postpartum period exceeded the oral glucose tolerance test criteria recommended by national guidelines.Results: In the study it was found that women with history of GDM are 4.65 times higher at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. There was significant association (p=0.000) between type 2 diabetes and risk factors like family history of diabetes, co-morbidities like hypertension, hypothyroidism.Conclusions: Gestational diabetes is a predictor of type 2 diabetes, as the women are registered in the pregnancy and infant cohort monitoring and evaluation system, it has the potential to identify women at risk of type 2 diabetes and intervene at the earliest.
Awareness and behavior patterns regarding road safety measures among undergraduate medical students of western Uttar Pradesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chaurasiya Shailendra Kumar , Jain Pankaj Kumar , Kumar Sandip , Bajpai Prashant Kumar , Ali Nawazish
Published: February 2020

Background: More than 1.2 million deaths occur each year on the world's roads. In India, the number of motor vehicles on the road is increasing with the population and economic growth. It has been estimated that if effective and immediate action is not taken, deaths due to road traffic accidents will become the fifth leading cause of deaths by 2020. Objectives was to assess the level of awareness and behavior regarding road safety rules among undergraduate medical students.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in a Medical College of western Uttar Pradesh. In the present study 200 final and pre-final year, undergraduate medical students were selected with the help of simple random selection, who drive/use vehicles either of their own or others. The study period was from June 2019 to August 2019.Results: About 29 percent of participants responded that they do not follow lane rules while driving. Study showed that 72.1% and 42.0% were aware that what documents to be carried with them while driving among those who attend and did not attend any program on road safety measures respectively. About 58.1 % and 38.2% were aware that penalty for driving without a helmet can be imposed among those who attend and did not attend any program on road safety measures.Conclusions: Awareness of road safety measures among participants was satisfactory, but the gap was also seen between awareness and behavior patterns regarding road safety measures.
Alcohol and drug intake pattern among truckers of Haryana, India
Authors: Punia Mehar S. , Punia Anita , . Anish , . Mayank , . Sanjeet , Jha Sanjay K. , . Babita
Published: February 2020

Background: Use of psychoactive substances by truckers is a common occurrence globally. Truckers have been the objects of a great deal of attention for their high-risk behaviour. Intake of drugs and alcohol by truckers is closely interlinked with high risk sex behaviour. Thus, the present study was pursued to know drug and alcohol consumption pattern.Methods: Cross-sectional study among truckers for more than a year in occupation, aged 18 years and above having residence/operating base in Haryana. Sample of 4000 truckers, 1000 from each from four administrative divisions of Haryana, was taken.Results: About three fourth truckers (77%) were less than 40 years. More than half of truckers (53.2%) consumed alcohol. Only 0.4% truckers confessed of using injectable drugs during last 12 months. 14.9% of truckers confessed of using non-injectable drugs. Ganja, Bhurki and Affim were some of the commonly consumed drugs.Conclusions: Majority truckers (53.2%) consumed alcohol. Drug intake was comparatively less common (14.9%). Injectables were used the least. Directly proportional association of alcohol and drug intake with age, duration of job, non-veg diet among truckers primarily indicated as consequences of long, lonely and harsh occupational conditions. Hence, comprehensive interventions including, improvement in road conditions, entertainment and health facility at halt places, stringent driving license terms and conditions to ensure professional competency and better wages to make truckers life worth living. This will also make them amenable to health education promoting healthy and risk-free behavior among them.
How aware are our truck drivers regarding prevention of road traffic accidents? A cross-sectional study in Dankuni area, Hooghly
Authors: Das Kuroram , Dasgupta Aparajita , Naskar N. N. , Pal Bobby , Bandopadhyay Lina
Published: February 2020

Background: Road traffic accidents are an emerging global health problem. It is projected that road traffic injuries will move up to the third by the year 2020 among leading causes of the global disease burden.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 248 truck drivers in Dunkuni area Hooghly for a period of 2 years from August 2017 to July 2018. By simple random sampling 248 truck drivers were selected from 641 registered drivers of the two-truck driver’s association. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics committee of AIIH and PH, Kolkata. After getting informed written consent for participation, the pre-designed pre-tested schedule was filled up. Data was analysed using SPSS16 version and bivariate analysis was done. For knowledge score (12 items), each item of positive response was scored as +2 and for negative response +1. Stress among truck drivers was assessed using perceived stress scale.Results: Mean age of the participants was 37 years. 24.2% participants studied up to secondary school and 134 (54%) belonged to class IV. 21.0% had history of alcohol addiction, 80.6% had high stress. Adequate knowledge of traffic sign was observed among 79.8% participants and overall adequate knowledge was found among 135 (54.4%) participants.Conclusions: Regular behavioural change communication sessions and intermittent sessions on safe-driving methods among truckers may prove beneficial in preventing road traffic accidents.
Effect of in-house training of health care personnel on biomedical waste management in a tertiary care hospital, Warangal, Telangana, India
Authors: Sriramula Priyanka , Neelakanti Rajashekar , Supriya P. S.
Published: February 2020

Background: Every day, relatively large amount of potentially infectious and hazardous wastes is generated in the health-care hospitals and facilities around the world. Indiscriminate disposal and improper management of waste generated in health care facilities causes serious threat to environment and to human health that requires specific treatment and management prior to its final disposal.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among 241 health care personnel working at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial hospital, Warangal. Data was collected and pre and post analysis was done using a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire. Data was entered in MS Excel and analysed using SPSS 17 software.Results: Among 241 respondents, 33.2% were sanitary staff, 35.3% are nursing staff and 31.5% are nursing students. Only 35.7% of participants has knowledge regarding the colour of the bag into which expired antibiotics are discarded and 45.2% of participants were aware of the colour of the bag in which IV bottles, gloves were discarded. Scoring for 10 was done in both pre and post-test and post test scores were found to be higher and there is significant increase in level of knowledge of biomedical waste management rules in study population in post-test analysis (p<0.001).Conclusions: Training program on the waste management in the health sector has significant effect in increasing knowledge of the healthcare personnel.
A study on knowledge and practice in maternal health care by accredited social health activists of Vijyapaura district, Karnataka, India
Authors: Motappa Rohith , Angadi Mahabaleshwar
Published: February 2020

Background: One of the key components of national rural health mission was to create a band of female health volunteers, appropriately named “accredited social health activist” (ASHA) in each village within the identified States to act as a bridge between the rural people and health services outlets. They act as health activists in community who will create awareness on health and its determinants, counsel mothers on key healthy behaviors and mobilize the community towards local health planning and increased utilization and accountability of the existing health services. Objectives of the study was to describe the socio-demographic profile of ASHAs working in Vijayapur district and to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, practice of ASHAs towards the maternal care.Methods: A cross-sectional study on 617 ASHAs of Vijayapur district. A pre-designed, semi- structured questionnaire was prepared in English and the interview was conducted in Kannada by explaining them questions one by one.Results: Out of 617 ASHAs interviewed, 427 (69.2%) of them told a pregnant woman should have antenatal care (ANC) visits and 413 (65.3%) ASHAs opined that a minimum of four ANC visits are required. While 542 (87.2%) ASHAs told that they should accompany pregnant woman transport to health centre during labour pains and 570 (92.8%) told that they should stay with the pregnant lady until her delivery is over. Also, it was found that knowledge of ASHAs regarding maternal care was significantly associated with age and duration of service of ASHAs.Conclusions: On the whole, knowledge of ASHAs about care during pregnancy and care of new-born was considerably good.
Association Between Waist Circumference As Central Obesity Marker And Cooper Test Result In Security Personnel
Authors: Nathanael Nathanael , Mirtha Listya Tresnanti , Mansyur Muchtaruddin
Published: February 2020

Background: Obesity is a problem that is found all over the world. Individuals who has increased of waist circumference or body mass index will have reduced physical fitness. This condition can also be found in security personnel who need great physical fitness for their occupation. Objectives: To find the correlation between waist circumference as marker of central obesity and Cooper test result in security personnel. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done to security personnel at Faculty of Medicine University as Indonesia with measuring waist circumference and Cooper test or 12-minutes run test distance covered. Result: From 43 subjects, we found that central or abdominal obesity prevalence is 27.9% and the mean of distance covered on Cooper test is 1787.41 ± 271.71 m. Spearman correlation test from both variables give significant inversely proportional correlation. (p value = 0.02; r = −0.430; 95% CI = −0.672 − −0.150). Conclusion: Increasing waist circumference in a person has correlation with decreasing physical fitness especially cardiorespiratory fitness.
Saberes e sabores do turismo na Paraíba: uma análise de um Guia de Viagem
Authors: Prado Santiago Marina , Cabrera Medina Julio César , Simões Brasileiro Maria Dilma
Published: February 2020

As resenhas gastronômicas dos guias de viagens constroem uma imagem não somente da oferta de restaurantes do destino, mas também da cultura, dos hábitos alimentares e das tradições dos sabores dos lugares. Neste sentido, este estudo tem como objetivo compreender como a gastronomia paraibana se apresenta como atrativo turístico no Guia Quatro Rodas. Mais especificamente, analisa como a gastronomia de João Pessoa, capital da Paraíba (Brasil), é apresentada por este guia para a demanda turística. Este estudo é de abordagem qualitativa e os resultados demonstram que o Guia reforça a ideia de um nordeste reduzido ao sertão, ao apresentar hábitos alimentares que remetem à identidade alegórica da figura do povo sertanejo, mesmo em territórios litorâneos. As mensagens veiculadas desvalorizam a diversidade de sabores e de transformações da própria cozinha nordestino-paraibana, assim como a oferta de novas opções gastronômicas na capital paraibana.
GÊNERO E DIAGNÓSTICO EM SAÚDE MENTAL: QUE RELAÇÃO É ESSA?
Authors: Closs Boeff Muriel , Camargo Tatiana Souza de
Published: February 2020

A partir da identificação dos dados epidemiológicos de saúde mental, os quais classificam as mulheres como as maiores portadoras de depressão, teve-se como objetivo realizar uma discussão sobre a abordagem das questões de gênero no momento da realização de um diagnóstico. Como metodologia, este trabalho delineou-se como um Estudo de Caso que utilizou ferramentas de cunho etnográfico, entre elas a entrevista semiestruturada, a observação participante e o Diário de Campo. Após a coleta de todos os materiais, foi realizada uma análise dos dados de forma combinada, delimitando categorias. Dessa forma, neste artigo buscou-se discutir o processo o de gendramento dos diagnósticos em saúde mental e suas implicações frente à construção do diagnóstico de depressão em mulheres.
АНАЛИЗ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНОГО ПЕРЕГРЕВА ПАРА В КОТЛЕ-УТИЛИЗАТОРЕ ГТ-НАДСТРОЙКИ ТЕПЛОФИКАЦИОННОГО ЭНЕРГОБЛОКА
Authors: Минор Александр Александрович , Ромашова Ольга Юрьевна
Published: February 2020

Актуальность. Модернизация существующего теплоэнергетического оборудования является одним из приоритетных направлений развития энергетики. Внедрение газотурбинной установки в тепловую схему паросилового энергоблока с сохранением инфраструктуры станции может быть менее затратным вариантом по сравнению с сооружением новых энергоблоков парогазовых установок. Одним из малозатратных вариантов интеграции газотурбинных установок в тепловую схему паротурбинных энергоблоков является использование тепловой мощности котла-утилизатора для промежуточного перегрева отработавшего в паровой турбине рабочего тела с утилизацией оставшейся теплоты для нагрева питательной воды и основного конденсата. По сравнению с наиболее распространенными схемами с вытеснением регенерации в котел-утилизатор предложенный альтернативный вариант позволяет повысить тепловую экономичность паротурбинного контура. Такая схема уступает в тепловой экономичности схеме с параллельной генерацией пара в котле-утилизаторе, однако не требует испарительного контура, что упрощает проектирование котла-утилизатора. Проведенный анализ энергетических характеристик газотурбинных установок показал необходимость исследования схемы и параметров промежуточного перегрева для теплофикационных энергоблоков с учетом режимов работы паровой турбины. Объект: паротурбинный энергоблок Т–165/210–130 с газотурбинной надстройкой (ГТ-надстройкой) для промежуточного перегрева отработавшего в паровой турбине рабочего тела с утилизацией оставшейся теплоты для нагрева питательной воды и основного конденсата. Цель: выбор схемы и расчет оптимальных параметров промежуточного перегрева применительно к паротурбинному энергоблоку Т–165/210–130 с ГТ-надстройкой, анализ его основных показателей при работе по тепловому графику при изменении температуры промежуточного перегрева в котле-утилизаторе. Методы: системный анализ и математическое моделирование. Результаты. Разработана математическая модель и программа расчета предложенной схемы. Выполнен анализ особенностей, связанных с организацией промежуточного перегрева в котле-утилизаторе ГТ-надстройки. Показано, что эффективность работы теплофикационного энергоблока с промежуточным перегревом может быть повышена путем организации промежуточного перегрева в котле-утилизаторе ГТ-надстройки. Определено, что в этом случае наивысшая экономичность паротурбинного энергоблока с ГТ-надстройкой при работе в расчетном теплофикационном режиме достигается при температуре промежуточного перегрева ниже номинального значения.
МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТНЫЙ СОСТАВ ВОДНЫХ ЭКСТРАКТОВ НЕКОТОРЫХ ОБРАЗЦОВ ДИАТОМИТОВ И ЛИДИТОВ КАРЕЛИИ
Authors: Феоктистов Владимир Михайлович , Медведев Павел Владимирович
Published: February 2020

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью получения достоверной информации об элементном составе водных экстрактов диатомитов и лидитов. В настоящее время диатомиты используются в различных отраслях промышленности, в том числе медицинской и фармацевтической. Однако детального изучения состава их водных экстрактов практически не проводилось. Цель: изучить микроэлементный состав водных экстрактов нескольких образцов диатомитов и лидитов. Объекты: три образца диатомитов и два образца лидитов территории Республики Карелия. Методика: лабораторный эксперимент, водная экстракция, масс-спектрометрия с индуктивно-связанной плазмой (ICP MS). Результаты. Изучен элементный состав водных экстрактов нескольких образцов диатомитов и лидитов территории Республики Карелия методом ICP MS. Во всех исследованных экстрактах образцов диатомитов и лидитов преобладающими элементами являются Mg, Na, Ca, K и Al (до нескольких тысяч мкг/л). Экстракты образцов диатомитов имеют однородный состав. Максимальные содержания в них других, наиболее значимых, элементов составляли: P – до 650, Fe – до 1700 (образец № 1) и Mn – до 3300 (образец № 3) мкг/л. Концентрации в диапазоне от 10 до 100 мкг/л характерны для ряда элементов (Li, B, Ti, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Y, Zr и Ba) в экстрактах всех образцов диатомитов. Экстракты образцов диатомитов № 1 и 2 имели максимальные концентрации легких редкоземельных элементов (РЗЭ): Nd (до 247), Ce (до 230), La (до 156 мкг/л). Химический состав экстрактов образцов лидитов заметно отличался, как между собой, так и от экстрактов диатомитов. Кислая среда (рН 4,5–4,6) экстракта образца № 4 способствовала накоплению ряда элементов: Ni, Sr, Be, Mn, U, Tl, и особенно V, Co, Cu, Zn, Y, Ba. В то же время в экстракте образца № 5 в слабощелочных условиях (рН 7,4–7,5) наблюдались максимальные концентрации Mo, W, Zr, Hf. В исследованных экстрактах образцах диатомитов и лидита № 4 концентрации Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn превышали значения предельно допустимых концентраций (ПДК) рыбохозяйственных водоемов. Водные экстракты образцов диатомитов показали значительное содержание элементов, которые могут оказать влияние на формирование состава маломинерализованных карельских вод. При этом содержание ряда полезных для развития растений микроэлементов (Ca, Mg, К, Р, Cu, Zn, V, Mn, Sr, Y, Zr) предполагает возможность их использования как «мягких» удобрений (или добавок к минеральным удобрениям).
SEROLOGICAL MONITORING OF ANTIBODIES LEVELS TO MEASLES, RUBELLA, AND MUMPS PATHOGENS IN SCHOOLCHILDREN AGED 11-17 YEARS IN SEVEN REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Mukozheva Radima A. , Kulichenko T. V. , Brzhozovskaya E. A. , Dzhgarkava I. Z. , Radygina T. V. , Filyanskaya E. G. , Mayansky N. A.
Published: February 2020

Background. Vaccination against measles, rubella, and mumps (MRM) is the most effective and safe way to prevent these infections. To assess the quality of immunization, it is rational to control vaccination coverage and carry out serological monitoring in decreed groups. Aim. Performance of serological monitoring of the antibodies level to measles, rubella, and mumps pathogens in schoolchildren aged 11-17 years in seven regions of the Russian Federation and assessing vaccination coverage for these infections in these two regions. Materials and methods. In 1000 schoolchildren aged 11-12 years and 897 cases of 15-17 years residing in seven regions of the Russian Federation 1897 sera samples were obtained to study antibodies to measles, rubella, and mumps pathogens by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In 418 schoolchildren from Smolensk and Yakutsk, the vaccine status for measles, rubella, and mumps was evaluated on the basis of a retrospective analysis of individual medical records (certificate of vaccinations). Results. The percentage of seropositivity for mumps was equal to the level of 90.5%, which is within the acceptable level according to the criteria for epidemic welfare. A protective level of measles and rubella antibodies was found only in 62.8% and 79% of children, respectively. This can lead to an increase in the incidence of infection and outbreaks of infection. Moreover, our data confirm a satisfactory (>95%) coverage with vaccination and revaccination against measles, rubella, and mumps in 2 studied regions. The reasons for the high percentage of seronegative individuals to measles and rubella viruses may include the use of low-quality vaccines, the different immunological efficacy of measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine components and primary and secondary vaccination failures. For measles, it may also be affected by the reason of the absence of boosting by the wild virus in individuals vaccinated because of a decrease in the intensity virus circulation at the elimination stage of the disease. The possibility of providing inaccurate data for vaccinations cannot be excluded as well. Serological monitoring of collective immunity has the utmost importance in the system of epidemiological surveillance of MRM with the high vaccination coverage of children on required timeframes.
ECHOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURFACE STRUCTURES OF THE LIVER IN CHRONIC FORMS OF ORGAN PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN
Authors: Khrolenko P. V. , Dyakonova E. Yu. , Fisenko A. P. , Surkov A. N. , Dvoryakovsky I. V. , Yatsyk S. P.
Published: February 2020

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is characterized by a progressive course, the formation of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Existing echographic criteria for assessing pathological changes fail to allow to determine accurately the severity of fibrosis, and sometimes, cirrhosis. A liver biopsy carries the risk of non-informative biopsies and the development of complications. In this regard, additional diagnostic criteria are needed to judge the state of the liver tissue, in particular, its surface structures, in both cases without liver involvement and CLD patients. Materials and methods. 75 CLD patients were included in the main group and 73 children without liver pathology - in the control group. An ultrasound system of the expert class was used to perform an echographic assessment of the surface structures of the liver: the thickness of the Glisson’s capsule, the presence of its stratification and nodularity, increased subcapsular blood flow, and the shape of the edge of the liver. In order to assess the severity of pathological changes, all patients of the main group underwent an edge biopsy of the liver under laparoscopic control, followed by histological examination of biopsy specimens. The obtained ultrasound data in CLD patients were compared with the results of a morphological study. Fibrosis stages were calculated using the METAVIR scale. Results. The thickness of the liver capsule in patients of the main group was found to be significantly greater than in the control group (p = 0.000). The degree of thickening of the surface structures in CLD patients increases significantly with the age when compared with healthy children. Significant differences were found in the incidence of stratification and heterogeneity of the surface structures of the liver in CLD children. The presence of echographic changes in the liver capsule was detected in 29 out of the 75 patients of the main group. In these patients, rounding of the edge of the liver was often noted - 27 cases and stratification of the surface structures - 26 cases. Changes in the surface structures of the liver were detected primarily in patients with cirrhosis (stage F4). Stratification of the surface structures of the liver was often noted in them, and capsule heterogeneity and asynchronous movement of the capsule and visceral peritoneum were detected in more than half of cases among all echographic changes in CLD children. Conclusion The echographic heterogeneity of the liver capsule and the asynchronous movements of the capsule and visceral peritoneum in CLD children are informative criteria for organ pathology and can be used for diagnosis.
IMPACT OF THE STATE OF THE INFANT HEALTH ON THE TIMING OF BIEKOST
Authors: Alekseeva A. V.
Published: February 2020

To determine the optimal timing of the introduction of complementary foods and their impact on the health status of infants during the first year of life, a study was conducted on the basis of 7 children’s clinics in the city of St. Petersburg. Materials and methods. At stage I, there was conducted a random survey of 534 mothers, whose infants received breast milk up to a year and later. At stage II, the data on the child’s health groups were copied from the account form 112 /U “History of the development of the child”. Results. 81.1% of mothers were found to begin to give vegetable complementary foods at the age of 4-6 months. Vegetable puree was given to children of health groups I and II on time, as well as to children who have chronic diseases at the stage of compensation (health group III). For children with chronic diseases at the stage of sub- and decompensation (IV and V health groups), vegetable complementary foods were introduced into the diet after the recommended period. 71.5% of mothers gave grain complementary foods on time, 24.5% - later. In all children, regardless of health group, most mothers introduced porridge into the diet in a timely manner. Most mothers introduced mashed potatoes, as well as other protein products, including cottage cheese, egg yolk, and mashed fish later regardless of the state of health of the child. 24.9% of mothers introduced meat puree, 22.8% women cottage cheese, 30.0% egg yolk, and 17.9% fish puree earlier. The majority of mothers did not introduce fermented milk products on time: only 35.5% of mothers started introducing them on time, 46.8% - later. 61.4% administered whole milk earlier, and mothers introduced it into the diet of healthy children (I and II health groups) at the prescribed time, and in children with chronic diseases (III-V groups) later than recommended. Conclusion There is a relationship between the state of the child’s health and the timing of the introduction of complementary foods: vegetable puree and whole milk, children with chronic diseases are introduced later.
MODELING OF THE SANOGENETIC DEVELOPING ENVIRONMENT AND STARTING NON-DRUG HABILITATION OF PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: Basargina Milana A. , Fisenko A. P. , Bombardirova E. P. , Smirnov I. E. , Kharitonova N. A. , Illarionova M. S.
Published: February 2020

The review presents modern data on postnatal adaptation in infants born prematurely, which are characterized by “catching up” the pace of development. It is shown that the conditionally early neonatal period in extremely immature infants can stretch up to 3-4 months of the postnatal life, which is associated with a high risk of adaptation failures with inadequate environmental influences, but at the same time is the basis for a mild aimed correction of perinatal brain damage. Functionally immature structures of the central nervous system of a premature baby were been established to have pronounced plasticity, which can be considered as the ability of the nervous system of a growing organism to reorganize. Plasticity of the nervous system is associated with increased expression of a large complex of neurotrophic biologically active compounds - protein and peptide growth factors of nervous tissue, which intensify the growth and development of nerve cells. At the early stages of the development, changes in the microenvironment of the child and the environment can change the morphofunctional properties of the central nervous system, the rate of psychomotor development, and the behavior of the newborn too significantly. The urgency of the problem is associated with a high incidence of disability in infants born prematurely, as well as with the undesirability of drug loading on an immature organism. The effectiveness of new methods of physical treatment, including weightlessness modeling and positional therapy, as well as the need for active participation of the family in the process of child rehabilitation and in creating a sensory-developing environment, is presented.
Dosimetría absoluta mediante película radiocrómica en un sistema de irradiación gamma, utilizando un espectrofotómetro UV-VIS
Authors: Vargas-Segura Walter
Published: February 2020

El propósito de este trabajo fue la calibración de las películas Gafchromic HD-V2 mediante la adaptación de los procedimientos de calibración de películas utilizados en dosis bajas. Las películas se irradiaron en 11 valores de dosis en el rango de 0 a 106,28 Gy en un sistema de irradiación gamma y utilizando un espectrofotómetro UV-VIS para medir la densidad óptica. Se obtuvieron los espectros de absorbancia para varias dosis y el pico de máxima absorbancia se ubicó en la longitud de onda de 677 nm. Esta longitud de onda se utilizó para realizar las medidas de la densidad óptica (OD), y estos resultados se utilizaron para realizar el gráfico de dosis en función a la densidad óptica neta (ODn). Se obtuvieron la curva de calibración de las películas y la incertidumbre en la dosis, con valores inferiores al 4% en dosis entre 10 a 20 Gy, e incertidumbres inferiores al 3% para dosis superiores a 20 Gy hasta completar el rango de la curva. La calibración del sistema película radiocrómica-espectrofotómetro se obtuvo para el rango de dosis y el sistema de irradiación gamma empleado.
The Confidence of New Nurse Graduates in the Application of Environmental Health in the Nursing Process
Authors: Jackman-Murphy Kathryn P.
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to report the findings gathered in an author-designed survey of new nurse graduates in Connecticut of their confidence in the application of environmental health in their nursing practice. An invitation to the survey was included in newsletters of Connecticut Nurses Association sent to all practicing nurses in Connecticut. New nurse graduates' confidence level regarding incorporation of environmental health vary substantially among the aspects of environmental health and this confidence decreases as they progress through the steps of the nursing process.
A Proposal: Nurse-Sensitive Environmental Indicators
Authors: Johnson Sarah , Schenk Elizabeth
Published: February 2020

Healthcare contributes significant pollution to the natural environment. Nurses are obligated by professional commitment, to avoid causing harm in their care processes and decisions, including environmental harm. Nurse awareness of healthcare-generated pollution is growing but nurses may lack an understanding of how nursing contributes specifically to this pollution and what nurses can do within their scope and span to address it. This chapter introduces the concept “Nurse-Sensitive Environmental Indicators” as a proposal to identify, measure, and reduce the unintended harm of nursing practice that contributes to healthcare-generated pollution. It discusses the environmental problem, environmental health, and healthcare. The chapter explains what environmental stewardship has to do with nursing and describes nurse sensitive indicators. As has been the case with other quality outcomes measures, identifying agreed-upon environmental outcomes measures may give the nursing profession tools to measure and then address environmental impacts arising from nursing practice.
School Nurses and Climate Change
Authors: May Karen , Noel Delani
Published: February 2020

Climate change is a serious threat to human health. Nurses recognize vulnerable populations are disproportionately affected by the consequences from climate change, especially the elderly, pregnant women, and children. Children with asthma and chronic health conditions are at the greatest risk for negative health outcomes and are the most important reason for climate advocacy. This descriptive correlational study seeks to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of school nurses related to the health impacts of climate change. School nurses are in a unique position to address the health impacts of climate change and become fierce advocates of climate justice because of population they serve. School-age and adolescent students are particularly vulnerable to the consequences climate change, which include poor air quality, increasing temperatures, and increasing pollen counts. School nurses were invited to participate in the study via email and provided information about the Nurses Climate Change Challenge. It was the goal of the study to assess these domains in school nurses' and later develop continuing education to support the care and advocacy of students. The results suggest more continuing education on climate change and climate conscious care is needed for school nurses. The current challenge is not only to be more prepared to treat a greater number of illnesses induced by climate change, it is also to maintain expertise and adapt to a changing environment. Nurses must address the impact of climate change on a local level by making changes in practice and engaging in research so that they are prepared with the knowledge, and skills to offer expertise in environmental health and the care of school-age populations.
Induction of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Callus Culture of 'Karaerik' (Vitis vinifera L.) by Ultraviolet Irradiation Effect
Authors: OĞUZ Dilhem , KESKİN Nurhan , ÖZDEMİR Fethi Ahmet
Published: February 2020

In this study, the effect of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the induction of anthocyanin production in calluscultures of 'Karaerik' grape cultivar was investigated. The most appropriate callus tissues were obtained from the leaves ofthe cuttings grown in in vitro plants. Gamborg B-5 medium containing 3 combinations of NAA (naphthalene acetic acid),and Kin (kinetin) was used. Callus tissues were subcultured two times with 21 days intervals. After the second subculture,12 and 15 day old callus tissues were exposed to 254 nm UV-C light at 10 cm distance from the source for 10 and 15 min byopening covers of the petri dishes in the sterile cabin. After the treatment, callus tissues were incubated under darkconditions. Anthocyanin values were measured at 0, 24th, 48th and 72nd hours by spectrophotometer. It has been determinedthat UV radiation is effective for the induction of anthocyanin production in grape tissues. The highest anthocyaninproduction (196.74 μmol g-1 FW) was obtained from 12 day old calli grown in the first medium for a 72-hour incubationperiod after 10 min UV irradiation.
Fuente Pérez, Mª Jesús y Ruiz Franco, Rosario (eds.). Mujeres peligrosas
Authors: Rodríguez López Sofía
Published: February 2020

Este artículo reseña: Fuente Pérez, Mª Jesús y Ruiz Franco, Rosario (eds.). Mujeres peligrosas. Anejos de la Revista de Historiografía nº 9. Madrid, 2019. 319 págs.
¿Por qué tenemos que reevaluar el consentimiento en el contexto de la violencia sexual?
Authors: Williams Jiménez Iván
Published: February 2020

Resumen. La violencia sexual está ampliamente arraigada y es un problema sistémico a nivel mundial. En su tratamiento jurídico esta problemática todavía es trivializada y carece de la debida relevancia en la agenda normativa. El incremento de sucesos mediáticos y una mayor visibilizacion de debates públicos en relación con el consentimiento en el contexto de la violencia sexual demuestran que existe una imperiosa necesidad de redefinir que constituye el consentimiento en el marco jurídico. Este término con un marcado enfoque de género todavía se enmarca en un espacio relacionado con la violencia sexual que no ha sido deliberadamente analizado por parte del legislador ni acompasado con los actuales tiempos.En este ámbito los legisladores han estado históricamente predispuestos por estereoti­pos culturales y normas sociales impuestas que han limitado un progreso natural en cómo se entiende e interpreta el consenso. La necesidad de abordar este debate a nivel nacional viene determinada por una mayor casuística existente en otras jurisdicciones (en su gran mayoría a nivel europeo) en la definición por parte de la ley sobre que es el consentimiento sexual. Ante esta situación cabe cuestionarse, ¿está el marco jurídico preparado para abordar esta problemática?Palabras clave: consentimiento, violencia sexual, abuso sexual, vionencia de género
Crónica de la jornada sobre el empleo de las personas con discapacidad, celebrada el día 7 de noviembre de 2019
Authors: Gutiérrez Colominas David
Published: February 2020

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Análisis de la película Custodia compartida
Authors: Oliete León Aida
Published: February 2020

Resumen. En este artículo analizo la película Custodia compartida, a través del mismo quiero explicar todos aquellos problemas que la cinta muestra de modo más o menos sutil, entre ellos, lo peligroso y pernicioso que es obviar el carácter violento y agresivo de un hom­bre que ha mostrado ser violento con sus hijos y su ex mujer, lo peligroso que muchas veces es rechazar las declaraciones de los hijos en situaciones como la que esta película muestra. Parece mentira, pero a día de hoy todavía debemos recordar que un maltratador no puede ser un buen padre y que por lo tanto todos tendríamos que ser conscientes de lo mucho que pue­den llegar a sufrir los menores que se encuentren bajo su tutela, pasar tiempo con un hombre agresivo e inestable que ya ha tenido malos comportamientos con sus hijos y cuyas actitudes han hecho que desarrollen un miedo más que justificado hacia él no puede ser considerado un hecho poco relevante por parte de quienes defienden el interés supremo del menor. Es muy importante estudiar cada caso de forma separada y no aplicar el mismo criterio de forma general, estoy segura de que esto no se hace en la mayoría de las ocasiones, pero aun así, este tipo de historias nos hacen reflexionar.
Bracelet from an Elunino burial at the Teleut Vzvoz-I site
Authors: Valkov I.A.
Published: February 2020

The article studies a stone bead bracelet found in an Early Bronze Age burial of the Elunino archaeological culture during the excavation of the Teleut Vzvoz-I burial ground (heterogeneous in time) in the south of Western Siberia (Forest-Steppe Altai). According to a series of calibrated radiocarbon dates, the Elunino burial ground at the Teleut Vzvoz-I site was used in the 22nd–18th centuries BC. The artefact under study was found in double burial No. 16 of the indicated burial ground, on the wrist of an adult (gender is not established). The bracelet in-cludes 66 stone beads, as well as one stone base. This piece of jewellery is unique in terms of technique, as well as the sacral meaning embedded in it. The ornament found on the beads bears no analogies to those discovered in the well-known Bronze Age archaeological sites of Western and Eastern Siberia. The present publication con-siders the morphological and raw material characteristics of the bracelet, as well as the specifics of its production and use. In this study, trace analysis was performed, i.e. the analysis of macro- and micro-traces left on the sur-face of the item as a result of its production and subsequent use. All traces were examined using an MBS-10 stereoscopic microscope at a magnification of ×16–56. It was found that some of the beads in the bracelet were made of serpentinite. The nearest sources of this stone are at least 250–300 km away from Teleut Vzvoz-I. The beads are made by counter-drilling, drilling of blind holes, polishing and grinding. This find is unique due to orna-mental compositions found on several beads in the form of oblique notches on side faces. The extremely small size of the beads (average diameter of 3.3 mm; average thickness of 1.4 mm) makes the pattern invisible to the naked eye. Thus, it is concluded that the ornament had a sacred meaning, and the bracelet itself served as an amulet. Despite no finds of ornamented bracelets dating back to the Bronze Age in Western Siberia and adjacent territories, typologically the bracelet bears analogies to the antiquities of the Okunevo culture, the Yamna cultural and historical community, as well as in the materials of the Bronze Age archaeological site of Gonur Depe (Turk-menistan). The study of the bracelet demonstrates the relevance of performing trace analysis of such items from other archaeological sites.
Diseño de un marteloscopio para la simulación de gestión selvícola de alcornocal en condiciones reales
Authors: Abellanas Oar Begoña , Baldero Echarren Fernando , Guada González Luis , Cuadros Tavira Simón , Pérez Moreno Pedro J. , Sellez Ruiz Álvaro , Urbano Fuentes-Guerra Enrique
Published: February 2020

Un marteloscopio es una herramienta didáctica de gran utilidad para el entrenamiento en selvicultura. La disponibilidad de datos reales sobre la masa forestal en dispositivos móviles (tablets) en combinación con un software adecuado permite la retroalimentación directa entre las decisiones selvícolas y los resultados, tanto económicos como ecológicos de las mismas. A través de este Proyecto de Innovación Docente, se ha avanzado en esta línea formativa diseñando e implementando, por primera vez, un marteloscopio en monte alcornocal orientado a la producción de corcho. Como resultado, se ha establecido una parcela permanente de entrenamiento en un alcornocal, que se ha monitorizado de forma exhaustiva, y se ha desarrollado un software nuevo para pc o tablet que simula en tiempo real los efectos de ejercicios de claras selvícolas y de descorches, que el usuario introduce, y que genera salidas instantáneas sobre la producción de corcho obtenida y sus características y sus efectos sobre la masa forestal. Esta simulación facilita el aprendizaje realista de la gestión de alcornocales y la comprensión de los efectos que las decisiones de gestión tomadas tienen sobre los aspectos productivos y ecológicos de la masa forestal.