bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ КОМПОЗИТОРІВ ДОНБАСУ в 1950-ті – СЕРЕДИНІ 1960-х РОКІВ
Authors: Стуканова Ю. Р.
Published: November 2023

Стаття присвячена проблемі діяльності композиторів Донбасу в 1950-ті –середині 1960-х рр. Доводиться, що в окреслені роки їхня діяльність передусім була пов'язана з іменами професійних діячів (З. Дунаєвський, С. Ратнер), а також розгорталася на рівні самодіяльного об'єднання, у лавах якого рівень музичної освіти був дуже неоднорідним. Професійні автори писали в симфонічному жанрі, музично-драматичному, камерні твори, тоді як самодіяльні – творили здебільшого в пісенно-вокальному жанрі. Діяльність композиторів несла відбиток державного втручання, внаслідок чого їхня творчість характеризувалася типовою тематичною вузькістю (теми праці, війни, Донбасу, партії), однак, вплив відлиги дещо зменшив владний контроль. Ключові слова: композитори Донбасу, професійні композитори, самодіяльні композитори, «відлига».
МОНОПРОФІЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ІСТОРИКО-УРБАНІСТИЧНИЙ ФЕНОМЕН: ВИМІР ДОНБАСУ
Authors: Богуненко В. О.
Published: November 2023

Розглядається специфіка мережі міст Донбасу з вузькою виробничою базою з метою віднайти найбільш прийнятний термін для їх виділення якурбаністичного феномену. Аналізуються наявні в сучасній літературі визначення «монопромислові», «монофункціональні» міста тощо. Доводиться, що, незважаючи на те, що основну частину міст Донбасу можна визначити як «монопромислові міста», більшість із яких складають «вугільні», при масштабному дослідженні урбаністичного фонду регіону доцільним є застосування терміну «монопрофільні міста», як більш змістовного
ПОХОВАННЯ ДОБИ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ БРОНЗИ БАХМУТСЬКОГО КРАЮ
Authors: Дубяга А. П.
Published: November 2023

У статті здійснено спробу порівняльного аналізу поховального реманенту, що походить з ареалу розповсюдження Донецько-донського варіанту катакомбної культури та Бахмутського краю. Було виявлено суттєві відмінності середніх показників щодо виробів із бронзи, а також поховань майстрів із виготовлення зброї, зокрема стріл. Цей аспект підтверджує концепт щодо розташування центру видобутку й обробки мідної руди в Бахмутській котловині за часів середньої бронзи. Ключові слова: бронзова доба, Донецько-донська катакомбна культура, поховання, бронзові вироби, майстри-зброяри.
ПРОБЛЕМИ РОЗБУДОВИ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ «НОВОЇ ГОРЛІВКИ» ПЕРІОДУ РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЇ (1927–1941 РР.)
Authors: Євсеєнко С. А.
Published: November 2023

Автор уперше розкриває частину основних проблеми розвитку виробничої інфраструктури Горлівки періоду реконструкції (1927–1941 рр.), що отримала назву «Нова Горлівка». У цей період йде удосконалення старих промислових підприємств, відкриваються нові, будується велика кількість житла, прокладається міський водогін, каналізація, перші дороги із твердим покриттям. Організовується рух першого маршруту трамваю, запускається перший автобус. Ключові слова: «Нова Горлівка», період реконструкції, Микита Ізотов, перший трамвай, водогін, парк
ЕКСПЕДИЦІЇ ДОНЕЦЬКОГО ІСТОРИКО-ЕТНОГРАФІЧНОГО ТОВАРИСТВА «КУРІНЬ» ДО С. ПРЕЛЕСНОГО ПІД СЛОВ’ЯНСЬКОМ ОЧИМА УЧАСНИКІВ (1990-1991 рр.)
Authors: Задунайський В. В.
Published: November 2023

У статті аналізуються експедиції-виїзди молодіжного історико-етнографічного товариства «Курінь» до села Прелесне Слов'янського району Донецької області в 1990 і 1991 роках через призму їх сприйняття авторами спогадів. Ці експедиції для молоді були досить важливими. Учасники експедицій активно займалися культурно-просвітницькою діяльністю. Проводилась реконструкція народних обрядів і свят. Члени товариства весь час спілкувалися дружньо і весело. Вони дотримувалися здорового способу життя і займалися спортом. Автори мемуарів наголошували, що на той час вони займалися вивченням та відродженням українських національних традицій у доброзичливому оточенні однодумців, що виключало формалізм і нещирість. Згадані події змальовано досить яскраво і змістовно
НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ РУХ НА СЛОВ’ЯНЩИНІ
Authors: Лисак Т. К. , Лисак Л. К.
Published: November 2023

Досліджено основні форми відродження національного руху на Слов'янщині, показана роль у цьому процесі видатних особистостей, починаючи з початку XX століття і до сьогодення. Ключові слова: нація, рух, просвіта, відродження, українська мова.
УЧАСТИЕ ПРОВЛАСТНЫХ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ПАРТИЙ В ВЫБОРАХ В ЖОГОРКУ КЕНЕШ (Парламент) КЫРГЫЗСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ-2020
Authors: Кытыкенова А. Т.
Published: November 2023

Статья посвящена участию политических партий в выборах в Жогорку Кенеш (Парламент) Киргизской Республики, итоги которых привели к признанию выборов в парламент страны недействительными. В статье рассмотрены особенности теоретического и практического аспектов участия политических партий на выборах в парламент страны как ключевого структурного элемента в политической системе общества. Ключевые слова: политические партии, выборы, государство, президент, парламент, государственная власть, смена власти.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE IN THE “NEW” HORLIVKA DURING THE PERIOD OF THE “GREAT RECONSTRUCTION” (THE LATE 1920S 1930S)
Authors: Євсеєнко С. А.
Published: November 2023

The author describes the development of education and culture during the period known as the “Great reconstruction” in “Nova” Horlivka in the late 1920s 1930s. It is noted the number of students, the teaching staff in the city and Horlivka district, analyzed the activities of clubs, libraries, and other new forms of the upbringing of a socialist person.
THE LITERARY MOVEMENT IN DONETSK REGION IN THE 1920S
Authors: Ковальська Н. В.
Published: November 2023

The article identifies general and special features of the literary movement in Donetsk region in one of the most controversial periods of Soviet history – the 1920s. The study is based on the first printed publications, in particular, the magazine Zaboy and the newspaper All-Russian Kochegarka, which were published in Bakhmut, Donetsk region. The author argues that the literary movement in Donetsk region was a reflection of the main searches in the literary activity of the 1920s: an active involvement of the new generation in literary work, the «revolutionary» enthusiasm of that generation, the diversity of literary organizations, accusations of «bourgeois literary search», the struggle for the true quality of the literary process.
THE HISTORY OF ONE PHOTOGRAPHY. MICHAEL KISIL – A TALENTED MUSICIAN OF PEREYASLAV REGION
Authors: Тетеря С. А. , Костюк Н. В.
Published: November 2023

The article considers the usage of musical instruments in the village of PolohyYanenky (Pereyaslav region). The study is based on the life path of the resident of this village, self-taught musician Kisil Mikhail Fedosiyovych, and on the results of the field research conducted by the research sector of The Museum of Kobzarism of the National Historical and Ethnographic Reserve “Pereyaslav”.
BAHMUT IN PERSONALITIES: A BRIGHT STAR OF ALEXANDRA KOLPAKOVA
Authors: Шулєпова С.О.
Published: November 2023

The article is dedicated to Kolpakova Alexandra Afanasievna, who led the anti-Nazi resistance in the occupied Artemivsk during the Second World War. The author presents her psychological portrait, outlines the main stages of formation and activity of her underground group. The article can be used as material for classroom and extracurricular activities.
THE PLACE OF REGIONAL STUDIES IN THE METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH OF MODERN UKRAINIAN-POLISH RELATIONS
Authors: Мєлєкєсцев К. І.
Published: November 2023

The article presents a literature review based on the use of new methodology connected to regional studies: materials from regional archives, regional press and other media, various documents concerning interregional communications and treaties. All these sources contribute to portraying contemporary international relations, which concern not only states, but also non-governmental actors and may change according to the activities of the actors in different regions. In particular, the Ukrainian-Polish relations have been used to show how regional studies allowed Ukrainian researchers of the first decades of the 21st century to reveal connections between major national events and the decisions of local government authorities of Polish and Ukrainian regions. Thus it has been shown the interconnection of interregional and international relations.
LOCAL HISTORY SEARCHES IN KRAMATORSK: HISTORIOGRAPHICAL OVERVIEW (THE 2010S-2020S)
Authors: Сиротенко В. П.
Published: November 2023

In regard of the educational importance of the notion Motherland, this article surveys a number of the research works of the Kramatorsk regional ethnographers. The works surveyed were published in the first and second decades of the 21st century. In respect of the research objects, the following major vectors have been singled out: unknown or forgotten facts from the history of Kramatorsk, outstanding fellow countryman, historical and archaeological discoveries, environmental condition in the town, and the literary life in Kramatorsk. The value of these works is that they help to reveal something unknown and make one regard the familiar realia in a new way. In the scope of the publications surveyed, there are also works of the summarizing and analytical-and-evaluative character. The latest research in the form of handwritten texts has also been treated (reports by V. Kotsarenko and N. Ovsyannikova).
RUSSIAN SOCIETY DURING THE WAR AGAINST UKRAINE: LETHARGY, FRUSTRATION AND CONFUSION
Authors: Andrey Makarychev
Published: November 2023

The essay discusses how different segments of Russian society react to the aggression against Ukraine.
ALMANACH. Filologia Polska. Roczniki Naukowe Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego. 2023 (2)
Authors: Sztyber Radosław ,   Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
Published: November 2023

ARCHIWUM NAUKOWE POLONISTYKI ZIELONOGÓRSKIEJ i P R A C O W N I K Ó W I[nstytutu] F[ilologii] P[olskiej] (2023 ROK)
ALMANACH. Filologia Polska. Roczniki Naukowe Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego. 2023 (4)
Authors: Sztyber Radosław ,   Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
Published: November 2023

PRACOWNICY INSTYTUTU FILOLOGII POLSKIEJ W ZIELONEJ GÓRZE (od 1971 roku). A-Z
THE EFFECT OF CREDIT PROVISION AND CREDIT RISK ON RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE) AT PT BANK SULSELBAR MAKASSAR CITY
Authors: Nurwafiyyah Auliyah , Kumala Putri P Andi Sri , Kurnia Fakhruddin
Published: November 2023

Auliyah Nurwafiyyah. 2018. The Effect of Credit Provision and Credit Risk on Return On Equity (ROE) at Bank Sulselbar. Supervisor : Suriyanti and Munawir Nasir.

This study aims to examine the effect of lending and credit risk having a significant impact on Return On Equity (ROE) in banking companies in South Sulawesi. The data in this study was obtained from the financial statements of banking companies in South Sulawesi.

This study uses secondary data by making observations by visiting the Capital Market Information Center (PIPM). The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis using a Likert scale with the help of SPSS analysis.

The results showed that partially, the provision of credit has a positive and insignificant effect on Return On Equity (ROE). In contrast, credit risk has a negative and significant impact on Return On Equity (ROE). Simultaneously, credit and credit risk affect Return On Equity (ROE).
EFFECT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON ASSET GROWTH AND FIRM VALUE (STUDY ON SERVICE COMPANIES IN THE PROPERTY AND REAL ESTATE SECTOR ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE)
Authors: Makmur Mariam , Kurnia M Fakhruddin , Yanti Nur Eva
Published: November 2023

The Effect of Capital Structure on Asset Growth and Firm Value in Property and Real Estate Sector Service Companies in 2014 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study aims to examine the effect of capital structure on asset growth and firm value in the property and real estate sectors. The population of this study is the property and real estate sector service companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014 totaling 42 companies. The sampling method used is a non-probability sampling approach, namely saturated sample. Data analysis method using Warp –PLS 5.0. The results of the study found that the relationship between capital structure and company value was negative and significant. The relationship between capital structure and firm value mediated by asset growth is negative and significant. This study uses the trade off theory.
 
Keywords: Capital Structure, Asset Growth and Firm Value.
APPLICATION OF VALUE FOR MONEY IN ASSESSING PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITALS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Lombi Fauziah Devitasari , Haliah Haliah , Nirwana Nirwana , Fahdal Imran Oemar Muh Alief
Published: November 2023

This study aims to critically discuss the application of value for money in assessing performance in public sector hospitals. The public sector hospital is a hospital that serves the community by using the maximum possible service, and of course, the public sector hospital does not pursue profit. Performance appraisal is carried out using a value-for-money application to assess how economical, efficient and effective the performance of the public sector hospital is. The research method used in this study is a Systematic Literature Review that examines the application of value for money in assessing the performance of public sector hospitals. The data analysis in this study collected several keywords and took ten selected journal articles from the last five years. This study implies the application of value for money in assessing the performance of public sector hospitals by measuring the economy, effectiveness, and efficiency. This study's findings can guide public sector hospitals to apply the value for money in assessing the performance of public sector organizations, including public sector hospitals.
THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION AND COMPENSATION ON EMPLOYEES' WORK SPIRIT AT PT MATAHARI DEPARTMENT STORE Tbk MALL RATU INDAH MAKASSAR
Authors: Asdar Muhammad
Published: November 2023

The Influence of Motivation and Compensation on Employee Morale at PT. Matahari Department Store Tbk. Mall Ratu Indah Makassar This study aims to determine whether motivation and compensation affect employee morale at PT. Matahari Department Store Tbk. Ratu Indah Mall Makassar. Collecting data using primary data obtained from questionnaires using the Probability Sampling technique. The population in this study were all permanent employees at PT Matahari Department Store Tbk Mall Ratu Indah Makassar, which amounted to 340 employees and the number of samples determined using the slovin formula was 77 employees. The results of the questionnaire have been tested for validity and reliability. Methods of data analysis using multiple regression techniques. The results show that simultaneously (F test) motivation and compensation together have a positive and significant effect on employee morale, and based on partial hypothesis testing (t-test), the motivation variable has a positive and significant effect on consumer buying interest, while compensation positive and significant effect on consumer buying interest.
THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE GROWTH AND LIQUIDITY ON BOND RATINGS OF BANKING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE (IDX)
Authors: Musmahendra Musmahendra
Published: November 2023

In order to ascertain and investigate the impact of firm growth and liquidity on bond ratings of Go Public banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), this study will look at both variables. The research method is descriptive and employs a quantitative methodology. During the observation period from 2020 to 2021, samples were drawn using purposive sampling from 30 Go Public banking organizations. Logistic regression was used to evaluate this research methodology. According to the study's findings, the level of bonds is not significantly impacted by the company's growth. Liquidity also has no discernible impact on bond rates. A company's solid financial position will be indicated by high liquidity, which might impact bond ratings. The company's growth is the main factor that affects the bond grade. This is because a bond issuer will have an investment grade bond rating if the company's growth is deemed good, but not if it is not.
HUMAN RESOURCES EMPOWERMENT STRATEGY IN BUSINESS ACTIVITIES AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN LAGUNA KAUR BEACH
Authors: Saputra Julian , Darmawan Dedy Darmawan , Islamiah Farida
Published: November 2023

Kaur Regency has a very good opportunity to boost regional competitiveness both at the regional and national levels, especially for a number of goods that have competitiveness in the tourism industry. The purpose of this research is to learn more about the training offered by the Office of Tourism and Creative Economy to tourism industry players in Laguna Beach. A descriptive approach is used in this qualitative research. Using observation, documentation, and interviews as data collection methods. To obtain sufficient data, information is collected from various sources. This information is then examined qualitatively and explained using words and phrases. The data analysis method used is data reduction, data visualization, and drawing conclusions. The findings of this study indicate that the training-based empowerment plan for Laguna Beach tourism business actors has been going quite well. This can be seen from the fact that business actors are given the necessary skills to manage beach tourism properly and effectively.
Catalytic Dry-reforming of Methane Process with Co,Ni,Pd/Ca-La-O Mixed Oxides
Authors: Al-Doghachi Faris Jasim , Al-Najar Ali M. A. , Safa-Gamal M. , Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin
Published: November 2023

A surfactant-assisted co-precipitation method was used to prepare the catalysts Co,Ni,Pd/CaO, Co,Ni,Pd/Ca0.97La3+0.03O, Co,Ni,Pd/Ca0.93La3+0.07O, and Co,Ni,Pd/Ca0.85La3+0.15O (1% each of Co, Ni, and Pd). La2O3 doping effect on the activity and stability of Co,Ni,Pd/CaO catalysts was investigated in dry reforming of methane. Catalysts were characterized by several techniques (X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Temperature Programmed Desorption H2 (H2-TPR), Transmission electron microscopes (TEM), and Temperature Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)) and were tested in a fixed-bed reactor at 900 °C and (Gas Hourly Specific Velocity (GHSV) = 15000 mL.gcat−1.h−1, atmospheric pressure).  Adding La2O3 had little effect on the morphology of the Co,Ni,Pd/CaO catalyst. However, it played a crucial role in enhancing the catalyst’s reducibility and CO2 adsorption at high temperatures, as indicated by the activity and stability of the Co,Ni,Pd/CaO catalyst. The carbon deposition on utilized catalysts after 5 hours at 900 °C was examined using TEM and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. Compared to Co,Ni,Pd/CaO catalysts across the entire temperature range, the tri-metallic Co,Ni,Pd/Ca0.85La3+0.15O catalyst with a lanthanum promoter demonstrated a greater conversion of CH4 (84%) and CO2 (92 %) at a 1:1 CH4:CO2 ratio. The selectivity of H2/CO reduced in the following order: Co,Ni,Pd/Ca0.85La3+0.15O > Co,Ni,Pd/Ca0.93La3+0.07O > Co,Ni,Pd/Ca0.97La3+0.03O > Co,Ni,Pd/CaO. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Label-free quantification of host cell protein impurity in recombinant hemoglobin materials
Authors: Henrion André , Arsene Cristian-Gabriel , Liebl Maik , O’Connor Gavin
Published: November 2023

Quantitative analysis relies on pure-substance primary calibrators with known mass fractions of impurity. Here, label-free quantification (LFQ) is being evaluated as a readily available, reliable method for determining the mass fraction of host cell proteins (HCPs) in bioengineered proteins which are intended for use as protein calibration standards. In this study a purified hemoglobin-A2 (HbA2) protein, obtained through its overexpression in E. coli, was used. Two different materials were produced: natural and U15N-labeled HbA2. For the quantification of impurities, precursor ion (MS1-) intensities were integrated over all E. coli proteins identified and divided by the intensities obtained for HbA2. This ratio was calibrated against the corresponding results for an E. coli cell lysate, which had been spiked at known mass ratios to pure HbA2. To demonstrate the universal applicability of LFQ, further proteomes (yeast and human K562) were then alternatively used for calibration and found to produce comparable results. Valid results were also obtained when the complexity of the calibrator was reduced to a mix of just nine proteins, and a minimum of five proteins was estimated to be sufficient to keep the sampling error below 15%. For the studied materials, HbA2 mass fractions (or purities) of 923 and 928 mg(HbA2)/g(total protein) were found with expanded uncertainties (U) of 2.8 and 1.3%, resp. Value assignment by LFQ thus contributes up to about 3% of the overall uncertainty of HbA2 quantification when these materials are used as calibrators. Further purification of the natural HbA2 yielded a mass fraction of 999.1 mg/g, with a negligible uncertainty (U = 0.02%), though at a significant loss of material. If an overall uncertainty of 5% is acceptable for protein quantification, working with the original materials would therefore definitely be viable, circumventing the need of further purification.
Microbial Diversity in African Foods and Beverages: A Systematic Assessment
Authors: Ghosh Soumya , Bornman Charné , Meskini Maryam , Joghataei Mehri
Published: November 2023

This article provides a comprehensive and in-depth examination of the microbial diversity inherent in African food and beverages, with a particular emphasis on fermented products. It identifies and characterizes the dominant microorganisms, including both prokaryotes and yeasts, prevalent in these foods, and furthermore, critically analyzes the health benefits of these microbial strains, especially their probiotic properties, which could potentially improve digestion and contribute to human health. Notably, it underscores the vital role these microorganisms play in bolstering food security across Africa by enhancing and preserving food quality and safety. It also delves into the potential applications of microbial products, such as metabolites, in the food industry, suggesting their possible use in food processing and preservation. Conclusively, with a summarization of the key findings, emphasizing the importance of gaining a deep understanding of microbial diversity in African beverages and foods. Such knowledge is crucial not only in promoting food security but also in advancing public health.

Graphical Abstract
Neutralizing tumor-related inflammation and reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts by Curcumin in breast cancer therapy
Authors: Jalilian Elnaz , Abolhasani-Zadeh Firoozeh , Afgar Ali , Samoudi Arash , Zeinalynezhad Hamid , Langroudi Ladan
Published: November 2023

Tumor-associated inflammation plays a vital role in cancer progression. Among the various stromal cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts are promising targets for cancer therapy. Several reports have indicated potent anti-inflammatory effects attributed to Curcumin. This study aimed to investigate whether inhibiting the inflammatory function of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with Curcumin can restore anticancer immune responses. CAFs were isolated from breast cancer tissues, treated with Curcumin, and co-cultured with patients' PBMCs to evaluate gene expression and cytokine production alterations. Blood and breast tumor tissue samples were obtained from 12 breast cancer patients with stage II/III invasive ductal carcinoma. Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) + CAFs were extracted from tumor tissue, treated with 10 μM Curcumin, and co-cultured with corresponding PBMCs. The expression of smooth muscle actin-alpha (α-SMA), Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), production of PGE2, and immune cell cytokines were evaluated using Real-Time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Analyzes showed that treatment with Curcumin decreased the expression of genes α-SMA and COX-2 and the production of PGE2 in CAFs. In PBMCs co-cultured with Curcumin-treated CAFs, the expression of FoxP3 decreased along with the production of TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-4. An increase in IFN-γ production was observed that followed by increased T-bet expression. According to our results, Curcumin could reprogram the pro-tumor phenotype of CAFs and increase the anti-tumor phenotype in PBMCs. Thus, CAFs, as a component of the tumor microenvironment, are a suitable target for combination immunotherapies of breast cancer.
Highly sensitive and selective SERS detection of caspase-3 during cell apoptosis based on the target-induced hotspot effect
Authors: Zhuang Yueyuan , Dong Han , Liu Tianqing , Zhao Yongmei , Xu Yan , Zhao Xiaojuan , Sun Dan
Published: November 2023

The workflow of sensing principle for the highly sensitive in situ monitoring of intracellular caspase-3 based on target-induced SERS “hotspot” effect.
Review of the potential impacts of freight rail corridors on livestock welfare and production
Authors: Kearton Tellisa R. , Almeida Amelia , Cowley Frances C. , Tait L. Amy
Published: November 2023

The proximity of rail corridors to livestock production enterprises poses potential risks to welfare and production. The association between these factors and production have been extensively investigated. This review aims to assess the potential impact on the basis of existing data in a livestock production context. Due to expansion of freight rail networks through agricultural land, there is a need to investigate potential impacts of rail (including train and track) noise, vibration and visual disturbance on the physiology and behaviour of the livestock and subsequent production traits. Additionally, the factors influencing the impact on animals were characterised broadly as noise, vibration, and visual and spatial disturbance. This information was used to develop conceptual frameworks around the contribution of rail impact on allostatic load, animal welfare and production. Placing rail noise in the context of other, known, noise impacts showed that proximity to the rail line will determine the impact of noise on the behaviour and physiology of the animal. Thresholds for noise levels should be determined on the basis of known noise thresholds, taking into account the impact of noise on allostatic load. Further research is recommended to investigate the behavioural, physiological and production impacts on livestock from proximity to rail corridors. Current literature suggests that the allostatic load will vary depending on the proximity of the animal to the source of stimulus, the type, size or level of stimuli, habituation and the individual animal variation in response to the stimuli.
Land revenue, inequality, and development in colonial India (1880–1910)
Authors: Caum-Julio Jordi
Published: November 2023

In my dissertation, I explore how colonial land institutions influenced both income inequality and the provision and funding of hospitals in colonial India. To do so, I present the first income inequality estimates assessing its evolution and levels across provinces and districts as well as a novel georeferenced hospital-level database. Findings suggest that the introduction of different colonial landownership rights—granting landownership and land revenue liability either to intermediaries or cultivators—explain differences in agricultural income inequality across districts and correlate with its evolution. These different landownership rights also affected the funding of hospitals through its interaction with local agency.
From medical therapy to mechanical support: strategies for device selection and implantation techniques
Authors: Bertoldi Letizia F , Montisci Andrea , Westermann Dirk , Iannaccone Mario , Panoulas Vasileios , Werner Nikos , Mangner Norman
Published: November 2023

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a complex clinical syndrome with a high risk of mortality. The recent, rapid development of temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) has altered CS treatment. While catecholamines remain the cornerstone of CS therapy, tMCS usage has increased. According to shock severity, different treatment strategies including catecholamines alone, catecholamines and tMCS, or multiple tMCS might be used. State-of-the-art implantation techniques are necessary to avoid complications linked to the invasive nature of tMCS. In particular, bleeding and access-site complications might counteract the potential haemodynamic benefit of a percutaneous ventricular assist device. In this review, we describe the role of catecholamines in CS treatment and present the different tMCS devices with an explanation on how to use them according to CS aetiology and severity. Finally, an overview of the best practice for device implantation is provided.
Polygenic risk scores associate with blood pressure traits across the lifespan
Authors: Øvretveit Karsten , Ingeström Emma M L , Spitieris Michail , Tragante Vinicius , Wade Kaitlin H , Thomas Laurent F , Wolford Brooke N , Wisløff Ulrik , Gudbjartsson Daniel F , Holm Hilma , Stefansson Kari , Brumpton Ben M , Hveem Kristian
Published: November 2023

Aims

Hypertension is a major modifiable cause of morbidity and mortality that affects over 1 billion people worldwide. Blood pressure (BP) traits have a strong genetic component that can be quantified with polygenic risk scores (PRSs). To date, the performance of BP PRSs has mainly been assessed in adults, and less is known about polygenic hypertension risk in childhood.

Methods and results

Multiple PRSs for systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure were developed using either genome-wide significant weights, pruning and thresholding, or Bayesian regression. Among 87 total PRSs, the top performer for each trait was applied in independent cohorts of children and adult to assess genotype-phenotype associations and disease risk across the lifespan. Differences between those with low (1st decile), average (2nd–9th decile), and high (10th decile) PRS emerge in the first years of life and are maintained throughout adulthood. These diverging BP trajectories also seem to affect cardiovascular and renal disease risk, with increased risk observed among those in the top decile and reduced risk among those in the bottom decile of the polygenic risk distribution compared with the rest of the population.

Conclusion

Genetic risk factors are associated with BP traits across the lifespan, beginning in the first years of life. Given the importance of exposure time in disease pathogenesis and the early rise in BP levels among those genetically susceptible, PRSs may help identify high-risk individuals prior to hypertension onset, facilitate primordial prevention, and reduce the burden of this public health challenge.
Genetic data are not always personal—disaggregating the identifiability and sensitivity of genetic data
Authors: Rahnasto Johanna
Published: November 2023

In both the EU and USA, genetic data are recognized as a special category of data that requires heightened privacy protection. Identifiability and sensitivity are central pillars of the regulatory framework in both jurisdictions: the privacy concerns stem from the assumption that genetic data are capable of identifying the individual and reveals sensitive information about them. But not all genetic data are identifiable and sensitive, nor are genetic data necessarily different from other types of big data in terms of these issues. This article argues that a more nuanced approach is needed to assess the threat to privacy interests posed by uses of genetic data. The privacy interests involved should be distinguished in terms of proposed use, the amount of data in question, and its uniqueness and informational content. When these factors are disaggregated, it is clear that both regulatory schemes could better achieve their goals by focusing more on the ways genetic data can be used rather than on their status as a special category of data.
Dollar Safety and the Global Financial Cycle
Authors: Jiang Zhengyang , Krishnamurthy Arvind , Lustig Hanno
Published: November 2023

We develop a model of the global financial cycle with one key ingredient: the international demand for safe dollar assets. The model matches patterns of dollar borrowing and currency mismatch, the U.S. external balance sheet, exorbitant privilege, spillovers of the U.S. monetary policy to the rest of the world, and the dollar as a global risk factor. In doing so, we lay out a novel transmission mechanism through which the U.S. monetary policy affects the currency market and the global economy. The global financial cycle is a dollar cycle.
Chemical Probes For Histidine Kinase Profiling And Inhibitor Discovery
Authors: Carlson Erin
Published: November 2023

Adaptive bacterial signaling is largely regulated by two‐component systems (TCSs). Comprised of histidine kinases (HKs) and response regulators (RRs), these phosphorylation cascades result in myriad intracellular responses that include various pathogenic mechanisms. Despite their abundance in Gram‐negative, Gram‐positive, and Mycobacterial organisms, little is known about global TCS regulation. We are working to address this deficiency by generation of probes to profile HK autophosphorylation activity. Significantly, we have identified the first non‐radioactive activity‐based probe for HK signaling, BODIPY‐FL‐ATP‐gamma‐S, a fluorescent adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐based probe that exploits thiophosphorylation to afford greater stability and thus more facile detection of protein activation. This and other ATP‐gamma‐S‐based probes are in development for the profiling of HK activity from bacterial proteomes. We also seek to inhibit TCS signaling networks and thereby severely attenuate bacteria's ability to cause infection. We have targeted the highly conserved ATP‐binding domain present across the HK superfamily. An ADP‐based probe enabled us to pursue new inhibitor scaffolds through the execution of a high‐throughput screen of ~75,000 diverse small molecules and natural product extracts. As a result, nine lead compounds have been identified for deactivation of multiple HKs. Scaffolds identified in these studies contribute to the foundation for HK inhibitor development, supporting a new class of antibiotics with a novel mechanism of action. Together, our chemical probes will continue to advance our current understanding of global HK regulation and inhibition.
Sympathetic Vasoconstriction is Attenuated in Young Women During Hypoxia and Cold Pressor Test
Authors: Ross Amanda J. , Muller Matthew D. , Luck J. Carter , Cui Jian , Sinoway Lawrence I.
Published: November 2023

Recent studies suggest that muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) at rest is correlated to vascular resistance in young men but not in young women. We hypothesized that increases in MSNA during acute physiological stressors induce less vasoconstriction in young women compared to young men. Nineteen healthy humans participated in this study (5 young women, 5 young men, 5 older men, 4 older women). Subjects underwent poikilocapnic hypoxia (5 min, 10% O2, 90% N2) and the cold pressor test (hand in ice water at 0° C for 2 min). MSNA, femoral blood velocity, heart rate, and blood pressure were acquired continuously. Femoral artery diameter was obtained every minute and used to calculate femoral blood flow (FBF) and vascular resistance (FVR). In response to hypoxia, young women had a similar increase in MSNA compared to young men (Δ 6 ± 1 vs. Δ 7 ± 2, bursts/min, P = 0.632) but an exaggerated increase in FBF (Δ 67 ± 10 vs. Δ 32 ± 14 mL/min, P = 0.031) and a greater reduction in FVR (45 ± 4% vs. 24 ± 9%, P = 0.050). In response to cold pressor test, young women had an attenuated rise in MSNA (Δ 5 ± 1 vs. Δ 26 ± 3, bursts/min, P = 0.008) and a smaller increase in FVR (8 ± 17% vs. 173 ± 48%, P = 0.037) compared to young men. Physiological responses to hypoxia and cold pressor test were comparable between older men and women (P > 0.1). These data suggest that young women have decreased sympathetic vasoconstrictor drive during physiological stress, which may explain decreased cardiovascular risk.

Support or Funding Information

UL1 TR000127, KL2 TR000126, P01 HL096570, 15PRE24470033
Mapping multiscalar variability dynamics in 1/f physiologic phase space for tracking the state of sepsis patients
Authors: Vandendriessche Benjamin , Abas Mustafa , Dick Thomas E , Loparo Kenneth A , Jacono Frank J
Published: November 2023

Objective

Early diagnosis of patients at‐risk for sepsis is paramount to their survival and recovery. However, identification of these patients is still based on snapshot observations, rather than on continuous data from real‐time monitoring systems that can generate a high‐resolution and comprehensive picture of the dynamical status of an individual patient. Quantifying changes in the nonlinear dynamics of physiologic waveforms can act as a proxy for a patients’ status but significant hurdles have to be overcome to understand how neural control mechanisms drive these dynamics and how they are influenced by systemic inflammation and the resulting multiple organ dysfunction.

Methods

(A) A waveform database of sepsis patients with vasopressor dependency that includes: (1) continuous acquisition of high‐resolution EKG, blood pressure and exhaled CO2 waveforms in a medical intensive care unit (MICU); (2) high‐throughput physiologic feature extraction from multi‐day waveform recordings via custom‐developed software; and (3) generation of a comprehensive database of waveform features (including inter‐beat intervals, respiratory phase transitions and measures of cardioventilatory coupling). (B) Constructing a physiologic phase space: (1) generation of a database of synthetic time series encompassing a wide spectrum of noise with 1/f spectral characteristics; (2) training an artificial neural network (ANN) to classify specific dynamical patterns in the synthetic time series in relation to progression of systemic inflammation, based on a proof‐of‐concept study in animal models of sepsis1; and (3) semi‐continuous classification of patient variability pattern dynamics via the ANN.

Results

A tool was developed that maps the ANN classification results in a physiologic phase space to visualize transitions from (meta)stable to unstable time series dynamics. The phase space provides a fast and straightforward interpretation of the variability of complex dynamical patterns as they fluctuate with time. For the patient data analyzed to date, the presence of primarily unstable variability dynamics tracked significantly with in‐hospital mortality (p < 0.05). Furthermore, state transitions from unstable to (meta)stable dynamics and v.v. tracked with certain MICU alarm triggering events.

Conclusions

Cluster analysis of a larger number of patients may identify state transitions that are predictive of clinical decompensation and/or vasopressor dependency in sepsis patients with higher sensitivity than current clinical approaches.

Support or Funding Information

Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative Pilot Award (CON501510‐V101); BV holds a postdoctoral fellowship from the Belgian‐American Educational Foundation (BAEF).
Enhanced expression of renal AQP2 and ENaC in rats with chronic heart failure: a role for renal nerves
Authors: Zheng Hong , Fleecs Jacob , Liu Xuefei , Patel Kaushik P
Published: November 2023

Previously we have shown that increased expression of renal epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) subunits may contribute to the renal sodium and water retention observed during chronic heart failure (CHF). The goal of this study was to examine whether renal denervation (RDN) changes the expression of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and two major renal sodium transporters ENaC and sodium‐hydrogen exchanger‐3 proteins (NHE3)] in rats with CHF. CHF was produced by left coronary artery ligation in rats. Four weeks after ligation surgery, bilateral RDN were performed. Western blot analysis indicated that RDN (one week later) significantly reduced enhanced protein levels of AQP2 (1.30±0.20 vs. 0.33±0.09, P<0.05), alpha‐ENaC (0.43±0.09 vs. 0.25±0.06, P<0.05), beta‐ENaC (0.11±0.03 vs. 0.05 ± 0.01, P<0.05) and gamma‐ENaC (0.89±0.15 vs. 0.44±0.09, P<0.05) subunits in the renal cortex of CHF rats compared to the CHF non‐denervated group. RDN had no significant effects on the protein expression of kidney NHE3 in both sham and CHF rats. These findings suggest a critical role for renal nerves in the enhanced expression of AQP2 and ENaC and subsequent pathophysiology of renal water and sodium retention associated with CHF.

Support or Funding Information

Supported by NIH grants HL124104 and HL62222
Are C1 Neurons Involved in the Sympathetic Overactivity Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia?
Authors: Moraes Davi J.A. , Bonagamba Leni G.H. , Paton Julian F.R. , Machado Benedito H.
Published: November 2023

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) produces expiratory‐related sympatho‐excitation in rats, which might contribute to the development of hypertension. We evaluated the role of sympatho‐excitatory cathecolaminergic medullary C1 neurons in the CIH‐induced expiratory‐related sympatho‐excitation and hypertension in rats. In awake rats in vivo and in in situ perfused preparations of rat, C1 neurons were acutely silenced by application of the insect peptide allatostatin following cell‐specific targeting with a lentiviral vector to express the inhibitory Drosophila allatostatin receptor in control and CIH rats (10 days). In awake rats in vivo, inhibition of ~ 72% of the C1 neurons resulted in a profound and similar fall in arterial pressure and heart rate in control (n=12) and CIH rats (n=12). However, CIH rats still presented elevated arterial pressure after C1 inhibition (p<0.05). In in situ, C1 inhibition resulted in reversible reductions of perfusion pressure, amplitude of inspiratory‐related bursts of thoracic sympathetic nerve and C1 pre‐sympathetic neurons activities in control (n=7) and CIH (n=9) rats. However, CIH‐ (n=9), acute hypoxia‐ (n=7) or CO2‐induced expiratory‐related sympatho‐excitation (n=10) were not affected by C1 inhibition. These data confirm a physiological role of C1 neurons in generating baseline sympathetic activity and arterial pressure. However, C1 neurons apparently are not involved in the expiratory‐related sympatho‐excitation and hypertension induced by CIH.

Support or Funding Information

FAPESP and CNPQ
Dysregulation of the Energy‐sensing AMPK Pathway in Skeletal Muscle‐specific ERRα−/− Mice
Authors: Huss Janice , McDonald Marisa , Hamilton Angie
Published: November 2023

The AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway is involved in both acute control and long‐term metabolic regulation in skeletal muscle. AMPK is activated during exercise and is required for many of the adaptive responses to endurance exercise, mediating its effects via transcription factors that control metabolic gene programs. We previously showed that the Estrogen‐related Receptor α (ERRα) is activated after an exercise bout and in response to AICAR, a pharmacologic AMPK activator. The muscle‐specific ERRα−/− mice (M‐ERRα−/−) exhibit a blunted metabolic response to endurance training. The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that AMPK signaling may be altered in ERRα‐deficient muscles and thus contribute to the exercise phenotype in these mice. M‐ERRα−/− and M‐ERRαWT (WT) mice were subjected to a single treadmill exercise bout (1hr) or an acute (30 min) AICAR treatment. M‐ERRα−/− muscles had reduced basal activity of both AMPK and its upstream kinase, LKB1, as assessed by western detection of the phosphorylated proteins. Despite reduced baseline activity, AMPK activation in response to acute exercise was maintained in the M‐ERRα−/− mice. Using IP‐activity assays we showed that AMPKα2 isoform specific activity was reduced at baseline in M‐ERRα−/− white vastus compared to WT. However, AMPKα2 was more robustly stimulated in the M‐ERRα−/− muscle in response to AICAR treatment (6.2‐fold, M‐ERRα−/− vs.2.3‐fold, WT). This is consistent with the greater reduction in blood glucose 30 min post‐AICAR administration observed in the M‐ERRα−/− mice, resulting from AMPK‐stimulated glucose uptake. Analysis of transcripts involved in AMPK signaling revealed that LKB1 and AMPKβ2 isoforms were consistently downregulated in ERRα‐deficient muscles or with ERRα inhibition in myocytes. We demonstrated that the regulatory regions of the Stk11 and Prkab2 genes that encode these transcripts, are directly regulated by ERRα in transient transfection experiments in myocytes. Thus, our data suggest that ERRα is involved in regulating AMPK pathway activity in skeletal muscle which can alter the responsiveness of the pathway to energetic and pharmacologic stimulation.

Support or Funding Information

Support by NIH R01DK74700 and Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, City of Hope..
Transcriptional Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy‐induced Gene Expression by Muscle‐Specific RING Finger 1 (MuRF1)
Authors: Kakareka Karina , Waddell David
Published: November 2023

Skeletal muscle wasting is a consequence of numerous physiological conditions, including denervation, corticosteroid treatment, immobilization, and aging. The E3 ubiquitin ligases, MuRF1 and MAFbx, are induced under nearly all atrophy conditions and are believed to play a key role in protein degradation in atrophying muscle. However, the preliminary data described in this study provides new evidence that MuRF1 may also act as a transcriptional modulator of neurogenic atrophy‐induced gene activity, including the regulation of MAFbx and MuRF1 expression. To characterize the transcriptional regulation of MuRF1 and MAFbx, reporter gene constructs containing fragments of the proximal promoter regions of these genes were developed, transfected into C2C12 cells with or without a MuRF1 expression plasmid and monitored for differences in reporter gene activity. The MuRF1 and MAFbx reporters each showed repressed activity in cells ectopically expressing MuRF1 compared to cells that did not overexpress MuRF1. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the myogenic regulatory factors (MRF), MyoD1 and myogenin, caused significant activation of the MuRF1 and MAFbx reporter constructs. However, co‐overexpression of MuRF1 with MyoD1 or myogenin resulted in reversal of MRF induction of reporter gene activity. To further characterize the role of the MuRF1 gene product in repression of MuRF1 expression, a MuRF1 RING domain mutant was created. The RING mutant construct was then co‐transfected along with MRF expression plasmids and the MuRF1 or MAFbx reporter gene into C2C12 cells and reporter gene activity was assessed. The MuRF1 RING mutant failed to reverse MRF activation of the reporter gene, suggesting that ubiquitin ligase activity is required for MuRF1 transcriptional regulatory effects. To further investigate the potential regulation of MRFs by MuRF1, Western blot analysis was performed in order to determine the impact on MRF protein levels in C2C12 cells in response to overexpression of MuRF1. Cells with ectopic expression of MuRF1 showed reduced levels of myogenin protein. In addition, cells overexpressing MuRF1 were treated with MG132, a general proteasome inhibitor, followed by Western blot analysis. The results of the Western blot revealed that cells treated with MG132 alone had increased myogenin protein levels, while cells ectopically expressing MuRF1 still exhibited reduced myogenin levels. MuRF1 repression of myogenin expression, with or without 26S proteasome inhibition, suggests that MuRF1 may be acting by a previously uncharacterized mechanism to regulate MRF expression, providing additional support that MuRF1 may act as a transcriptional regulator of atrophy‐induced gene expression. These data offer exciting evidence of a potential new function for MuRF1 as a transcriptional modulator of atrophy‐mediated changes in gene expression.

Support or Funding Information

University of North Florida Transformational Learning Opportunity Grant