bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of a new group of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica in Switzerland with altered antimicrobial susceptibilities, 1996 to 2013
Authors: Origgi F C , Frey J , Pilo P
Published: July 2014

Molecular analysis of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates from humans and animals revealed the presence of two subgroups belonging to the phylogenetic groups B.FTNF002-00 and B.13 in Switzerland. This finding suggests a broader spread of this group in Europe than previously reported. Until recently, only strains belonging to the Western European cluster (group B.FTNF002-00) had been isolated from tularaemia cases in Switzerland. The endemic strains belonging to group B.FTNF002-00 are sensitive to erythromycin, in contrast to the strains of the newly detected group B.13 that are resistant to this antibiotic. All the strains tested were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and chloramphenicol but showed reduced susceptibility to tetracycline when tested in a growth medium supplemented with divalent cations. The data show a previously undetected spread of group B.13 westwards in Europe, associated with changes in the antibiotic resistance profile relevant to treatment of tularaemia.
What the willow teaches: Sustainability learning as craft
Authors: Cato Molly Scott
Published: July 2014

Whilst the importance of mainstreaming sustainability in higher education curricula is now widely acknowledged, the challenge for educators at university level is to develop and maintain authority and confidence in an area dominated by limited knowledge and uncertainty. This article suggests that the most empowering and authentic response is to adopt an approach of shared learning, but with the pedagogue demonstrating expertise and inspiration. I suggest that this is an approach to learning and teaching more familiar in areas of craft learning, characterised by apprenticeship and learning-by-doing. The article relies heavily on the work of Richard Sennett in providing a sociological account of craft learning, which is then applied to the field of sustainability. I explore how his three modes of instruction – 'sympathetic illustration', 'narrative' and 'metaphor' – are being used in the field of sustainability education, and draw parallels from the craft of basket weaving in particular, to show how these approaches might be developed. I conclude by suggesting that sustainability education is best undertaken within a community and in place, rather than abstractly and in the classroom.
A partnership across the ocean between the University of the Western Cape and the University of Missouri-St. Louis: Facilitating a global research programme for doctoral students
Authors: Boyer Patricia G. , Holtman Lorna , Murphy Carole H. , Thaver Beverley
Published: July 2014

The downturn of the global economy requires universities worldwide to do more with fewer resources. These conditions have presented an opportunity for two universities, the University of the Western Cape and the University of Missouri-St. Louis, to collaborate on a research course offered to postgraduate students. The purpose of this article is to outline the overall administration, management and structure of an innovative research programme between two countries. The aim is also to share the experiences and challenges of this research partnership, to explain how the parties involved navigated policies, to demonstrate what expertise the two educational institutions gained from the collaboration and to recount the benefits received by students and faculty from working internationally.
Play a starring role in your textbook: A digital web platform with an embedded role-playing game
Authors: Spielvogel Laura , Spielvogel Christian
Published: July 2014

In this report, we introduce our digital e-textbook web platform with an integrated role-playing game, which has been created for 'introduction to anthropology' courses. We believe that textbooks have the potential to do more to motivate students' pursuit of learning if their material (topically organised chapters supported by leading theories, concepts and ideas in a discipline) is tied to an engaging role-playing narrative whereby students can access, analyse, critique and apply information as characters in a simulation. Thus, we have created a two-sided platform that allows students to flip between a macro context and a role-playing simulation. The macro context explores the challenges and rewards of fieldwork, the politics surrounding ethnographic representation and the contested theories of culture. These issues are typically covered in a print-based anthropology textbook but here they have additional digital features. These topics are then applied in a role-playing simulation, Marriage of Cultures, that allows each student anonymously to play a character in a three to four week, open-ended narrative structured around the imaginary wedding of a Japanese bride and her Italian-American groom.
Spontaneous out-of-body experience in a child with refractory right temporoparietal epilepsy
Authors: Fang Tie , Yan Rong , Fang Fang
Published: July 2014

The authors describe the case of a spontaneous out-of-body experience (OBE) in a 15-year-old right-handed boy with intractable epilepsy in whom psychosis had been misdiagnosed. After successful resection of a right temporoparietal focal cortical dysplasia, the OBE and seizures resolved. The authors analyzed the underlying causes of the OBE and discussed the mechanism of the OBE caused by an epileptic lesion.
Establishing Bedding Requirements on Trailers Transporting Market Weight Pigs in Warm Weather
Authors: Kephart Rebecca , Johnson Anna , Sapkota Avi , Stalder Kenneth , McGlone John
Published: July 2014

During warm weather, incorrect bedding levels on a trailer transporting market weight pigs may result in heat stress, fatigue, and death. Two experiments were conducted in June and July of 2011; Experiment 1 used 80 loads (n = 13,887 pigs) to determine the effects of two bedding levels (3 (68.1 kg) or 6 bags (136.2 kg) of wood shavings/trailer [each bag contained 22.7 kg, 0.2 m3]) on pig measures (surface temperature, vocalizations, slips and falls, and stress signs). Experiment 2 used 131 loads (n = 22,917 pigs) to determine the effects of bedding (3 vs. 6 bags) on transport losses (dead, sum of dead- and euthanized- on arrival; non-ambulatory, sum of fatigued and injured; total transport losses sum of dead and non-ambulatory). Bedding did not affect surface temperature, vocalizations, or slips and falls (p = 0.58, p = 0.50, and p = 0.28, respectively). However, pigs transported on 6 bags/trailer had 1.5% more stress signs than pigs transported on 3 bags/trailer (p < 0.01). No differences were observed between bedding levels for non-ambulatory, dead, or total transport losses (p = 0.10, p = 0.67, and p = 0.34, respectively). Within the context of these experiments, bedding level did not result in deleterious effects on pig measures or transport losses. However, using more bedding may result in higher costs to the industry. Therefore, 3 bags of bedding/trailer may be used when transporting market weight pigs during warm weather in the Midwestern U.S.
Ciprofloxacin Affects Host Cells by Suppressing Expression of the Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides Cathelicidins and Beta-Defensin-3 in Colon Epithelia
Authors: Sarker Protim , Mily Akhirunnesa , Mamun Abdullah , Jalal Shah , Bergman Peter , Raqib Rubhana , Gudmundsson Gudmundur , Agerberth Birgitta
Published: July 2014

Antibiotics exert several effects on host cells including regulation of immune components. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), e.g., cathelicidins and defensins display multiple functions in innate immunity. In colonic mucosa, cathelicidins are induced by butyrate, a bacterial fermentation product. Here, we investigated the effect of antibiotics on butyrate-induced expression of cathelicidins and beta-defensins in colon epithelial cells. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that ciprofloxacin and clindamycin reduce butyrate-induced transcription of the human cathelicidin LL-37 in the colonic epithelial cell line HT-29. Suppression of LL-37 peptide/protein by ciprofloxacin was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that ciprofloxacin suppresses the rabbit cathelicidin CAP-18 in rectal epithelia of healthy and butyrate-treated Shigella-infected rabbits. Ciprofloxacin also down-regulated butyrate-induced transcription of the human beta-defensin-3 in HT-29 cells. Microarray analysis of HT-29 cells revealed upregulation by butyrate with subsequent down-regulation by ciprofloxacin of additional genes encoding immune factors. Dephosphorylation of histone H3, an epigenetic event provided a possible mechanism of the suppressive effect of ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, LL-37 peptide inhibited Clostridium difficile growth in vitro. In conclusion, ciprofloxacin and clindamycin exert immunomodulatory function by down-regulating AMPs and other immune components in colonic epithelial cells. Suppression of AMPs may contribute to the overgrowth of C. difficile, causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
Evaluation of Cueing Innovation for Pressure Ulcer Prevention Using Staff Focus Groups
Authors: Yap Tracey , Kennerly Susan , Corazzini Kirsten , Porter Kristie , Toles Mark , Anderson Ruth
Published: July 2014

The purpose of the manuscript is to describe long-term care (LTC) staff perceptions of a music cueing intervention designed to improve staff integration of pressure ulcer (PrU) prevention guidelines regarding consistent and regular movement of LTC residents a minimum of every two hours. The Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) model guided staff interviews about their perceptions of the intervention’s characteristics, outcomes, and sustainability. Methods: This was a qualitative, observational study of staff perceptions of the PrU prevention intervention conducted in Midwestern U.S. LTC facilities (N = 45 staff members). One focus group was held in each of eight intervention facilities using a semi-structured interview protocol. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis, and summaries for each category were compared across groups. Results: The a priori codes (observability, trialability, compatibility, relative advantage and complexity) described the innovation characteristics, and the sixth code, sustainability, was identified in the data. Within each code, two themes emerged as a positive or negative response regarding characteristics of the innovation. Moreover, within the sustainability code, a third theme emerged that was labeled “brainstormed ideas”, focusing on strategies for improving the innovation. Implications: Cueing LTC staff using music offers a sustainable potential to improve PrU prevention practices, to increase resident movement, which can subsequently lead to a reduction in PrUs.
Coexistence of Granular Cell Tumor and Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer in Contralateral Breasts: A Case Report
Authors: Di Bonito Maurizio , Cantile Monica , Collina Francesca , De Cecio Rossella , Petrosino Teresa , Botti Gerardo
Published: July 2014

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a benign tumor of the breast that can mimic, on breast imaging, invasive carcinomas. Biological evolution of mammary GCT is unknown, especially if it is associated with an invasive carcinoma in the same or contralateral breast. This report details the morphological features of these synchronous lesions highlighting their biological characteristics and suggesting an appropriate follow up.
The Positive Feedback Loop between the Impacts of Climate Change and Agricultural Expansion and Relocation
Authors: Bajželj Bojana , Richards Keith
Published: July 2014

Climate change and agriculture influence each other. The effects of climate change on agriculture seem to be predominantly negative, although studies show a large variation in impacts between crops and regions. To compensate for these effects, agriculture can either intensify or expand in area; both of these options increase greenhouse gas emissions. It is therefore likely that such negative effects will increase agriculture’s contribution to climate change, making this feedback a positive, self-reinforcing one. We have previously used a data-driven model to examine greenhouse gas emissions in 2050 related to agricultural scenarios of increasing demand for food. Here, we extend this approach by introducing the impacts of climate change on agricultural yields. We estimate the additional losses of natural habitats and increases in greenhouse gas emissions resulting from agricultural expansion and relocation induced by the negative effects of climate change. We studied two climate change scenarios and different assumptions about trade. These additional impacts caused by climate change are found to be relatively moderate compared to demand-driven impact, but still significant. They increase greenhouse gas emissions from land use change by an additional 8%–13%. Climate change tends to aggravate the effects of demand drivers in critical regions. Current emission scenarios are underestimates in that they do not include these feedback effects.
Bioactivity of Sodium Free Fluoride Containing Glasses and Glass-Ceramics
Authors: Chen Xiaojing , Chen Xiaohui , Brauer Delia , Wilson Rory , Hill Robert , Karpukhina Natalia
Published: July 2014

The bioactivity of a series of fluoride-containing sodium-free calcium and strontium phosphosilicate glasses has been tested in vitro. Glasses with high fluoride content were partially crystallised to apatite and other fluoride-containing phases. The bioactivity study was carried out in Tris and SBF buffers, and apatite formation was monitored by XRD, FTIR and solid state NMR. Ion release in solutions has been measured using ICP-OES and fluoride-ion selective electrode. The results show that glasses with low amounts of fluoride that were initially amorphous degraded rapidly in Tris buffer and formed apatite as early as 3 h after immersion. The apatite was identified as fluorapatite by 19F MAS-NMR after 6 h of immersion. Glass degradation and apatite formation was significantly slower in SBF solution compared to Tris. On immersion of the partially crystallised glasses, the fraction of apatite increased at 3 h compared to the amount of apatite prior to the treatment. Thus, partial crystallisation of the glasses has not affected bioactivity significantly. Fast dissolution of the amorphous phase was also indicated. There was no difference in kinetics between Tris and SBF studies when the glass was partially crystallised to apatite before immersion. Two different mechanisms of apatite formation for amorphous or partially crystallised glasses are discussed.
Synthesis, Characterization and in Vitro Antitumor Activity of Platinum(II) Oxalato Complexes Involving 7-Azaindole Derivatives as Coligands
Authors: Štarha Pavel , Trávníček Zdeněk , Popa Igor , Dvořák Zdeněk
Published: July 2014

The platinum(II) oxalato complexes [Pt(ox)(naza)2] (1–3) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis (C, H, N), multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 15N, 195Pt) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS); naza = 4-chloro-7-azaindole (4Claza; 1), 3-bromo-7-azaindole (3Braza; 2) or 4-bromo-7-azaindole (4Braza; 3). The prepared substances were screened for their in vitro antitumor activity on the osteosarcoma (HOS) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) human cancer cell lines, where 2 showed moderate antitumor effect (IC50 = 27.5 μM, and 18.3 μM, respectively). The complex 2 was further tested on a panel of six others human cancer cell lines, including the malignant melanoma (G361), cervix carcinoma (HeLa), ovarian carcinoma (A2780), cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma (A2780R), lung carcinoma (A549) and prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP). This substance was found to be moderate antitumor effective against G361 (IC50 = 17.3 μM), HeLa (IC50 = 31.8 μM) and A2780 (IC50 = 19.2 μM) cell lines. The complex 2 was also studied by NMR for its solution stability and by ESI-MS experiments for its ability to interact with biomolecules, such as cysteine, glutathione or guanosine 5'-monophosphate.
Investigating Spatial Patterns of Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Point Targets and Landslide Occurrences in the Arno River Basin
Authors: Lu Ping , Bai Shibiao , Casagli Nicola
Published: July 2014

Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) has been widely used for landslide studies in recent years. This paper investigated the spatial patterns of PSI point targets and landslide occurrences in the Arno River basin in Central Italy. The main purpose is to analyze whether spatial patterns of Persistent Scatterers (PS) can be recognized as indicators of landslide occurrences throughout the whole basin. The bivariate K-function was employed to assess spatial relationships between PS and landslides. The PSI point targets were acquired from almost 4 years (from March 2003 to January 2007) of RADARSAT-1 images. The landslide inventory was collected from 15 years (from 1992–2007) of surveying and mapping data, mainly including remote sensing data, topographic maps and field investigations. The proposed approach is able to assess spatial patterns between a variety of PS and landslides, in particular, to understand if PSI point targets are spatially clustered (spatial attraction) or randomly distributed (spatial independency) on various types of landslides across the basin. Additionally, the degree and scale distances of PS clustering on a variety of landslides can be characterized. The results rejected the null hypothesis that PSI point targets appear to cluster similarly on four types of landslides (slides, flows, falls and creeps) in the Arno River basin. Significant influence of PS velocities and acquisition orbits can be noticed on detecting landslides with different states of activities. Despite that the assessment may be influenced by the quality of landslide inventory and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, the proposed approach is expected to provide guidelines for studies trying to detect and investigate landslide occurrences at a regional scale through spatial statistical analysis of PS, for which an advanced understanding of the impact of scale distances on landslide clustering is fundamentally needed.
Decision Fusion Based on Hyperspectral and Multispectral Satellite Imagery for Accurate Forest Species Mapping
Authors: Stavrakoudis Dimitris , Dragozi Eleni , Gitas Ioannis , Karydas Christos
Published: July 2014

This study investigates the effectiveness of combining multispectral very high resolution (VHR) and hyperspectral satellite imagery through a decision fusion approach, for accurate forest species mapping. Initially, two fuzzy classifications are conducted, one for each satellite image, using a fuzzy output support vector machine (SVM). The classification result from the hyperspectral image is then resampled to the multispectral’s spatial resolution and the two sources are combined using a simple yet efficient fusion operator. Thus, the complementary information provided from the two sources is effectively exploited, without having to resort to computationally demanding and time-consuming typical data fusion or vector stacking approaches. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is validated in a complex Mediterranean forest landscape, comprising spectrally similar and spatially intermingled species. The decision fusion scheme resulted in an accuracy increase of 8% compared to the classification using only the multispectral imagery, whereas the increase was even higher compared to the classification using only the hyperspectral satellite image. Perhaps most importantly, its accuracy was significantly higher than alternative multisource fusion approaches, although the latter are characterized by much higher computation, storage, and time requirements.
A Comprehensive Review of Sensors and Instrumentation Methods in Devices for Musical Expression
Authors: Medeiros Carolina , Wanderley Marcelo
Published: July 2014

Digital Musical Instruments (DMIs) are musical instruments typically composed of a control surface where user interaction is measured by sensors whose values are mapped to sound synthesis algorithms. These instruments have gained interest among skilled musicians and performers in the last decades leading to artistic practices including musical performance, interactive installations and dance. The creation of DMIs typically involves several areas, among them: arts, design and engineering. The balance between these areas is an essential task in DMI design so that the resulting instruments are aesthetically appealing, robust, and allow responsive, accurate and repeatable sensing. In this paper, we review the use of sensors in the DMI community as manifested in the proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME 2009–2013). Focusing on the sensor technologies and signal conditioning techniques used by the NIME community. Although it has been claimed that specifications for artistic tools are harder than those for military applications, this study raises a paradox showing that in most of the cases, DMIs are based on a few basic sensors types and unsophisticated engineering solutions, not taking advantage of more advanced sensing, instrumentation and signal processing techniques that could dramatically improve their response. We aim to raise awareness of limitations of any engineering solution and to assert the benefits of advanced electronics instrumentation design in DMIs. For this, we propose the use of specialized sensors such as strain gages, advanced conditioning circuits and signal processing tools such as sensor fusion. We believe that careful electronic instrumentation design may lead to more responsive instruments.
Experimental Analysis of Natural Gravel Covering as Cool Roofing and Cool Pavement
Authors: Pisello Anna , Pignatta Gloria , Castaldo Veronica , Cotana Franco
Published: July 2014

Passive solutions for building energy efficiency represent an interesting research focus nowadays. In particular, natural materials are widely investigated for their potential intrinsic high thermal energy and environmental performance. In this view, natural stones represent a promising solution as building envelope covering and urban pavement. This paper concerns the experimental characterization of several low-cost and local gravel coverings for roofs and urban paving, properly selected for their natural high albedo characteristics. To this aim, the in-field albedo of gravel samples is measured with varying grain size. These in-field measurements are compared to in-lab measurements of solar reflectance and thermal emissivity. The analysis shows a significant variation of the albedo with varying grain size. Both in-lab and in-field measurements agree that the stones with the finest grain size, i.e., fine sand, have the best optic-thermal performance in terms of solar reflectance (62%). This feature results in the reduction of the surface temperature when exposed to solar radiation. Moreover, a natural mixed stone is compared to the high reflectance stone, demonstrating that the chosen stone presents an intrinsic “cool” behavior. Therefore, this natural, low-cost, durable and sustainable material could be successfully considered as a natural cool roof or cool paving solution.
Assessment of Groundwater Chemistry and Status in a Heavily Used Semi-Arid Region with Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xuedi , Qian Hui , Chen Jie , Qiao Liang
Published: July 2014

This hydrogeological study assessed the quality of phreatic water supplies across the semi-arid, traditional agricultural region of the Yinchuan region in northwest China, near the upper reaches of the Yellow River. We analyzed the chemical characteristics of water collected from 39 sampling stations before the 2011 summer-autumn irrigation period, using multivariate statistical analysis and geostatistical methods. We determined which factors influence the composition of groundwater, using principal component analysis (PCA) and two modes of cluster analysis. PCA showed that the most important variables in the study area were the strong evaporation effect caused by the dry climate, dissolution of carbonate minerals and those containing F− and K−, and human activity including the treatment of domestic sewage and chemical fertilization. The Q-mode of cluster analysis identified three distinct water types that were distinguished by different chemical compositions, while the R-mode of analysis revealed two distinct clusters of sampling stations that appeared to be influenced by distinct sets of natural and/or anthropogenic factors.
Nurse-Police Coalition: Improves Safety in Acute Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Allen Diane E. , Harris Frank N. , de Nesnera Alexander
Published: July 2014

Although police officers protect and secure the safety of citizens everywhere, nurses are the primary guardians of patient safety within the treatment milieu. At New Hampshire Hospital, both nurses and police officers share ownership of this responsibility, depending on the needs that arise specific to each profession. Psychiatric nurses take pride in their ability to de-escalate agitated and potentially aggressive patients; however, times arise when the best efforts of nurses fail, or when a situation requires intervention from police officers. Nurses and police officers at New Hampshire Hospital have worked together for many years to develop a trusting, respectful alliance. This coalition has resulted in a safe, clear, orderly process for transfer of authority from nurses to police during violent, clinically unmanageable psychiatric emergencies. Nurses and police officers work collaboratively toward the common goal of ensuring safety for patients and staff, while also acknowledging the unique strengths of each profession. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 52
(9), 27–31.]
Relationship of foraminiferal abundance with the trophic conditions in a marine coastal area of western India
Authors: Avilavalappil Amrutha , Patil Rajashekhar K. , Hiriyur Mallaiah Somashekarappa
Published: July 2014

Surface seawater and sediment parameters indicate the trophic state of coastal marine systems. We used a biochemical approach to identify descriptors of the trophic state and environmental quality of intertidal ecosystems, based on the analysis of the quality and quantity of sedimentary organic matter, water nutrients and their correlation with the foraminiferal population at two sites on the west coast of India. Surface intertidal sediments were collected for a period of 17 months from January 2012 to May 2013 at intervals of two months by using a short core tube. Total foraminiferal number and live foraminiferal number showed a peak during the post-monsoon period, when there is an enrichment of sediment chlorophyll a as well as a dominance of carbohydrates over sedimentary protein. Thus, a small change in the trophic status of the environment from a lower oligotrophic to a higher oligotrophic condition is responsible for the enhancement of foraminiferal population and diversity in the study sites. In particular, sediment protein concentration appeared to be a good descriptor of the trophic state. A gradual increase in foraminiferal population from a protein-rich, fresh organic matter environment to a carbohydrate-rich, detritus organic matter environment indicates the foraminiferal preference for detritus food sources. Thus, the main regulation factor for abundance and diversity of foraminifera at the study sites is trophication.
Use of Geo-Information in Environmental Policy
Authors: Vullings Wies , Bulens Jandirk , Walvoort Dennis
Published: July 2014

To date, use of the full potential of geo-information is not often applied in the daily practice of policy makers. The main questions explored by this research are: Why is geo-information not widely used in policy and how can this be improved? A conceptual framework was developed to evaluate the use of geo-information. For five cases, the use of geo-information was evaluated by means of this framework. The results of the evaluation, as well as the usefulness of the framework, are discussed. Recommendations on spatial thinking and practice, availability and quality of a spatial data infrastructure and implementation of new geo-applications in policy-making are also made.
Integration between Cloud Computing Benefits and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Processes to Improve Organization's Performance
Authors: Al-nsour Sana'a , Alryalat Haroun , Alhawari Samer
Published: July 2014

Due to the rapid growth in the electronic business, information technology has become necessary for building efficiency and effective transactions among organizations. Consequently, Cloud Computing (CC) becomes a very important area to achieve the organization's performance. The process of integration between Cloud Computing (CC) and the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a new research area. Therefore, scientific research and literature review related to Cloud Computing and CRM processes are limited. This paper takes a holistic approach that examines the combined effects of Cloud Computing Benefits (cost and ease of use) and CRM processes (customer acquisition, customer retention and customer expansion) on organization's performance. It also presents a conceptual framework for Cloud Computing and CRM processes, based on the analysis of various models presented in Cloud Computing and CRM processes. The main emphasis is focused on the concept of Cloud Computing Benefits and CRM processes by examining some reasons that make the organization interested in using this modern technology from one hand and how Cloud Computing can encourage organizations to implement CRM to improve their performance on the other. This paper contributes to develop three models: Cloud Computing Benefits, CRM process, and integration between the Cloud Computing and CRM process to improve organization performance model. Also, it describes more valid factors to identify how an organization deals with its performance in the future by providing an advice for the Information Technology (IT) industry as how an analytical integration between Cloud Computing Benefits and CRM process improves organization's performance – something that should be taken into account in developing countries to attain a competitive advantage. This study is divided in three sections: Literature Review, Research Model, and Conclusion.
Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing Environment using AHP Technique
Authors: Singh Anil , Dutta Kamlesh , Singh Avtar
Published: July 2014

Cloud Computing has changed the strategy of the way of providing different services to business and government agent as well as to sole users. Cloud Computing provides scalable and on demand services to users irrespective of their physical area. But this computing technology has many challenges. One of them is on demand resource allocation. In this paper a resource allocation method is proposed based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) called Multicriteria Preference Synthesis (MPS) method. MPS method combines many AHP synthesis methods (Additive Normalization, EigenVector, Multicriteria Synthesis etc.) to assign the priorities to the users' tasks. In MPS method Error Criteria is used to provide the consistency in providing the priorities to users' tasks if any violation is there.
Performance Evaluation of Secure Data Transmission Mechanism (SDTM) for Cloud Outsourced Data and Transmission Layer Security (TLS)
Authors: Alhaj Abdullah A.
Published: July 2014

The Cloud has become a significant topic in computing; however, the trend has established a new range of security issues that need to be addressed. In Cloud, the data and associated software are not under their control. In addition, with the growing demands for Cloud networks communication. With the increasing demand for computer communications the need for security is growing dramatically. The existing research related to security mechanisms focuses on security of the data transmission in the communication networks only. The authors developed specific Secure Data Transmission Mechanism (S SDTM) for cloud outsourced data is a set of technologies and solutions to enforce security policy and bandwidth compliance on all devices seeking to access network computing resources, in order to limit damage from emerging security threats and to allow network access only to compliant and trusted endpoint devices. IPSec is a suite of protocols that adds security to communications at the IP level. Protocols within the IPSec suite make extensive use of cryptographic algorithms. Since these algorithms are computationally sophisticated, some hardware accelerators are needed to support high throughput. In this paper, the authors compare between secure data transmission mechanism for cloud outsourced data with preemption control algorithm and TLS to improve the properties of the S SDTM and the Virtual Private Networks (VPN) built with both protocols.
Exploring the Influence of a Salesperson's Selling Approach on Buyer-Seller Relationship Outcomes
Authors: Kilic Ozcan , Miller Darryl W.
Published: July 2014

It is widely recognized that a salesperson's selling approach is of crucial importance to buyer-seller relationship development. This study examines the influence of a salesperson's selling approach on buyer-seller relationship outcomes. A model was developed and tested via structural equation modeling (SEM). Data collected from a dealership network in the blue jeans industry was used to test the model. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to purify the measurement scale. Results indicate that a salesperson's customer orientation positively influences customer commitment. Surprisingly customer satisfaction does not affect customer commitment. Results also indicate that culture specific measurement scales of satisfaction, trust and commitment will lead to a better understanding and comparison of these constructs in international markets. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are also discussed.
ICT and Economic Growth
Authors: Roy Subaran , Ahmed Abdel Moneim M. B. , Abonamah Abdullah A.
Published: July 2014

Technological progress is a significant factor that drives economic growth. One of the most visible evidence of modern technological progress is Information and Communication Technology (ICT). In this paper we examine the importance of ICT in the context of economic growth. Based on the availability of data a group of 12 MENA economies (including GCC countries) are included in the study for the time period 1995-2007. A first look on the data clearly indicates huge increase in the use of internet, personal computers, land lines and cell phones for most of the countries in the sample. Using the error component model with Autoregressive disturbance of order 1 [AR(1)] results indicate significant evidence for 3 measures of ICT in enhancing economic growth. To avoid biased estimates in all results we always control for the other relevant variables that can potentially affect economic growth. Results are robust to inclusion of the other variables.
What Kind of Employee Wants to Use Corporate E-Learning
Authors: Luor Tainyi , Lu Hsi-Peng , Lin Judy Chuan-Chuan , Yu Hueiju
Published: July 2014

Despite the plethora of previous studies on the various uses of e-learning, there is a dearth of research on employees' action to use corporate e-learning (ACE1). The present study attempts to address this lack in literature by investigating whether individual factors such as self-esteem and need for cognition, and job factors such as job hygiene factors (JHF) and job motivation factors (JMF) applied from Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory affect learners' ACE. This study tests the difference between high action and low action learners. Findings indicate that high action learners have higher individual factors and JMF than lower action learners. The difference in JHF between high action learners and low action learners is not significant. From a practical perspective, the authors' findings provide corporate e-learning providers with a heightened perspective into the possible actions of its employees regarding their use of corporate e-learning programs and platforms, which could offer organizations with important insights into human capital investment.
Effects of Implementing STEM-I Project-Based Learning Activities for Female High School Students
Authors: Lou Shi-Jer , Tsai Huei-Yin , Tseng Kuo-Hung , Shih Ru-Chu
Published: July 2014

This study aims to explore the application of STEM-I (STEM-Imagination) project-based learning activities and its effects on the effectiveness, processes, and characteristics of STEM integrative knowledge learning and imagination development for female high school students. A total of 72 female high school students were divided into 18 teams. Students were provided with a place to discuss, share, and integrate learning activities. A questionnaire and focus group interviews were conducted for data collection. The results show that STEM-I project-based learning activities can promote the development of diverse abilities and effectively expand STEM knowledge integration and learning for female high school students as well as enhance their imagination in the project-based activities. Additionally, the STEM-I instructional model with the process of initiation, development, expression, alternative, and links (IDEAL) is confirmed. Finally, some suggestions are proposed for future studies on STEM education and imagination integrative instruction.
Evolving In Step or Poles Apart?
Authors: Koc-Michalska Karolina , Lilleker Darren G.
Published: July 2014

Comparative studies are rare in the study of online communication campaigning. The authors chose two cases, Poland and France, to describe the two campaigns for the Parliamentary elections. Content analysis allowed the authors to detect online communication strategies and parties' attempt to reach different audiences. Web-cartography illustrates the parties' network connections. The authors find strong cross-country and resource-based differences for the more interactive and engaging features (Web 2.0), which are not that powerful for explaining audience-targeting strategies. Overall a sales strategy and a focus on marketing dominated over e-representation (exhibiting the parties' political record). In both countries social media platforms are well incorporated into online strategies. Facebook dominates in Poland, Twitter in France. Web cartography gives a counterintuitive picture of the Polish parties' network being much more personalized but also of more ghettoing within the supporting environment.
Modeling and Experimental Verification of Nano Positioning System for Nanomanufacturing
Authors: James Sagil , Blake Lauren , Sundaram Murali M.
Published: July 2014

Vibration Assisted Nano Impact-machining by Loose Abrasives (VANILA) is a novel nanomachining process that combines the principles of vibration-assisted abrasive machining and tip-based nanomachining has been developed by the authors to perform target specific nano abrasive machining of hard and brittle materials. One of the critical factors in achieving nanoscale precision during the VANILA process is to maintain an optimal machining gap between the tool and the workpiece surface. Piezoelectric crystal based positioning systems is a proven method for achieving ultraprecision control, however the application of such a system for controlling the nanoscale machining gap during a machining process is not explored. In this paper, the possibility of using a piezoelectric crystal based nano positioning setup to achieve the desired gap during the VANILA process is explored. This research thus finds a new application for the nanopositioning systems in order enhance the capability of existing VANILA process. Analytical models based on piezoelectric theory are done to predict the vibrational behavior of the piezoelectric crystal in the nano-positioning setup under different machining conditions. Further experiments are conducted to validate the model and study the mass-loading effect on the piezoelectric crystal. The model developed is agreeing within 20% with the experimentally determined values and thus the model forms the basis for using the nano-positioning system for maintaining optimal gap between the tool tip and the workpiece surface.
Microlubrication Effects During End Milling AISI 1018 Steel
Authors: Shaikh Vasim , Boubekri Nourredine , Scharf Thomas W.
Published: July 2014

Flood cooling is primarily used to cool and lubricate the cutting tool and workpiece interface during a machining process. But the adverse health effects caused by the use of flood coolants are drawing manufacturers' attention to develop methods for controlling occupational exposure to cutting fluids. Microlubrication serves as an alternative to flood cooling by reducing the volume of cutting fluid used in the machining process. In this study the effects of microlubrication during end milling of AISI 1018 steel was investigated using vegetable based cutting fluid aerosol. A solid carbide cutting tool was used with varying cutting speeds and feed rates having a constant depth of cut. A full factorial experiment was conducted and regression models were generated along with parameter optimization for the aerosol mass concentration and the aerosol particle size. The study shows that with a proper selection of the cutting parameters it is possible to reduce the aerosol mass concentration in end milling under microlubrication. But more scientific assessments are needed to lower the mass concentration of the aerosol particles, below the recommended value of 5 mg/m3 by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Limited studies have been reported to investigate the effectiveness and quality of mist produced under microlubrication. No study has been reported to date on end milling 1018 steel under microlubrication.
A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of the Mechanical Properties of Carbon-Nanotube Reinforced Nylon 6 Composite
Authors: Tahreen Nabila , Masud A.K.M.
Published: July 2014

In recent years, polymer/carbon nanotube composites have attracted a lot of attention because the polymer properties are significantly improved. In particular, intensive efforts have been directed toward synthesizing, characterizing and understanding polymer/CNT composites. In this paper, as an effort to explore the effective use of carbon nanotubes as a reinforcing material for advanced nanocomposites with polymer matrix, a single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is used to reinforce Nylon 6 matrix. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to study two periodic systems - a long CNT-reinforced Nylon 6 composite and amorphous Nylon 6 matrix itself. The axial and transverse elastic moduli of the amorphous Nylon 6 matrix and nanocomposites are evaluated using constant-strain energy minimization method. The results from molecular dynamics simulations are compared with corresponding rule-of-mixture predictions. The simulation results show that CNTs significantly improve the stiffness of Nylon 6/CNT composite, especially in the longitudinal direction of the nanotube. The conventional rule-of-mixture predicts a much larger value than MD simulation for the nanocomposite.
Preventing Groupthink Risk through Deliberative Discussion
Authors: Turner Marlene E. , Pratkanis Anthony R.
Published: July 2014

This study examined the role of deliberative discussion strategies in improving group performance under conditions associated with groupthink. Three-person groups solved a complex decision task in one randomly assigned condition of a 2 (collective threat: low vs. high) by 2 (deliberative discussion strategies: none vs. provided) between-subjects design. All groups were also given a manipulation designed to induce high cohesion consistent with a social identity maintenance framework. Highly cohesive groups facing a collective threat produced poorer quality decisions (indicative of groupthink) when not provided with discussion strategies than groups in all other conditions. However, when provided with deliberative discussion strategies, highly cohesive groups facing a collective threat produced the highest quality decisions. Results were consistent with the social identity maintenance model of groupthink.
Board Independence and Expropriation Risk in Family Run Businesses
Authors: Kim Jin Wook (Chris)
Published: July 2014

Due to their significant stock ownership and control, founding families are generally immune from the disciplinary forces associated with the market for corporate control. As a result, founding families may spend cash on the pursuit of private benefits. In this paper, the author examines whether independent directors protect outside shareholder rights from the risk of expropriation. In particular, the author examines how board independence impacts a firm's efficiency in utilizing cash reserves. The author finds evidence that the value of an extra dollar of unexpected cash holding is greater in family firms with a greater percentage of independent directors on their boards, suggesting that independent directors prevent the potential risk of value destruction that results from founding families' pursuit of private benefits.
Determinants of Financial Failure in Ghana
Authors: Amponsah Richard , Kanyoke Gordon
Published: July 2014

Most countries in the world were negatively impacted by the USA financial crisis of 2008. In 2010-2012 people have seen economic failures of Greece and Iceland impact the European Union and other countries. Interestingly, the factors which caused the financial industry failures in these developed nations were not identical; nonetheless, the results were similar: severe economic recession. It is important to better understand the financial predictors and best-practices for developed and emerging nations in other countries, particularly outside USA and the European Union - namely Africa. Businesses in Ghana (and the continent of Africa) make a significant economic contribution to the global Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which is important to study because their financial activities impact many countries, since our global economic systems have become interconnected. This study examined a large bank in Ghana (a country located on the north-west coast of Africa, to empirically identify problems and to propose solutions to improve financial policies associated with Small-to-Medium-Sized-Enterprise (SME) industry - who are the key contributors to national GDP. A statistically significant probit logistic model was developed using a mixed-method approach which also included a qualitative SWOT analysis. The results indicated that the critical socio-economic success factors of financial success versus failure for SME businesses were: age of owners, company size, total income, and quality of hired labour. The secondary factors were institutionally-related: organisational structure, credit policies, inadequate technology platform management, ineffective monitoring of SMEs, and weak economic recovery strategies. Recommendations were made to improve national economic policies for the banking industry in Ghana, based on this model.
Maritime Empty Container Repositioning
Authors: Khakbaz Hossein , Bhattacharjya Jyotirmoyee
Published: July 2014

Maritime shipping containers are important to a number of different industries as they facilitate the reduction of transportation costs. To address the needs of shippers, empty containers need to be repositioned globally between seaports. Since the cost of empty container repositioning (ECR) constitutes a significant element of the total cost of running a global container fleet operation, the problem has been receiving increasing attention from scholars. The diversity of this literature necessitates the development an appropriate classification scheme to identify trends, gaps, and directions for future research. This paper reviews publications on maritime ECR over the last two decades and examines such trends and potential research directions.