bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Advertising Strategies Based on Consumption Psychology of Young Females
Authors: Yao Jiaping
Published: September 2020

With a great number of post-90s generations enter the society, the consumer groups gradually become younger. By analyzing the influencing factors of young females’ consumption psychology, and aiming at the four consumption psychology which are psychology of seeking differences, comparison psychology, the psychology of pursuing material benefits and conformity psychology, some suitable advertising strategies are put forward in this article to help stimulating the consumption desire of young females.
Chinese and Foreign Supply-side Economics and the Current Chinese Economic Reform
Authors: Qin Yamin , Ma Guangqi
Published: September 2020

China’s economy has entered a new normalcy, and its economic growth has been slowing down. It urgently needs some effective measures to deal with it. With the central government’s constant mention of “supply-side structural reforms”, the supply-side economics, a economics of economics that flashed past in American history, gets more and more attention again. At the same time, “New Supply-side Economics” and its propositions stepped onto the stage of China’s economic reform. So where does the supply-side economics come from? Is the new supply economics different and connected with it? What impact will it have on China’s economic reforms? This article will make a simple and systematic review of these questions.
Research on the Refined Management of Engineering Cost in the Field of BIM Technology
Authors: Gong Jiacheng
Published: September 2020

With the development of the times, economy, technology and the requirements of the civil engineering industry in China have been improving constantly. In view of the low profit and high cost of the construction industry, BIM technology is used in the refined management of project cost to improve economic benefits. Based on this, the article introduces the concept of refined engineering cost management, discusses the problems in engineering cost refined management, and studies the feasibility of using BIM technology in engineering cost refined management.
El consumo de alcohol durante el tratamiento y seguimiento con drogodependientes
Authors: Sanabria Carretero Manuel
Published: September 2020

Se estudia la influencia del consumo de alcohol en la recuperación de drogadictos sometidos a tratamiento. Se relacionan los niveles de consumo de drogas ilegales y de alcohol de antes, durantey después del tratamiento en una muestra de 82 pacientes seguidos durante un año y medio. Se evidencia que tras la intervención aumenta el consumo de alcohol en el 50% de adictosy llega a niveles excesivos en un 10-13%. El mayor consumo coincide con la finalización del tratamiento. Posteriormente (18 meses) baja a niveles próximos a los iniciales. Estos resultados no permiten interpretar die ho aumento mediante la hipótesis de la sustitución, es decir, el desvío del consumo hacia sustancias más toleradas socialmente.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Lempung Magnetik (Mg/Al-Fe Hydrotalcite) serta Aplikasinya Sebagai Adsorben Asam Fulvat
Authors: Saputro Irwan Agung , Karmanto Karmanto
Published: September 2020

Sintesis lempung magnetik (Mg/Al-Fe Hydrotalcite) serta aplikasinya sebagaiadsorben asam fulvat telah dilakukan. Mg/Al-Fe Hydrotalcite disintesis dengan caramereaksikan larutan FeCl2.6H2O dan FeSO4.7H2O (1:1) dengan Mg(NO3)2.6H2O danAl(NO3)3.9H2O (2:1) menggunakan metode kopresipitasi serempak pada interval pH 10-13.Kajian sintesis meliputi kajian karakteristik padatan hasil sintesis menggunakan difraktometersinar-X dan spektrometer FTIR, uji kemagnetan Mg/Al-Fe Hydrotalcite menggunakan medanmagnet luar serta uji kestabilan Mg/Al-Fe Hydrotalcite dalam berbagai pH medium. Asamfulvat diisolasi menggunakan larutan metanol dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektroskopiFTIR. Kajian adsorpsi dan desorsi asam fulvat dipelajari dengan mengkaji kinetika adsorpsiasam fulvat oleh Mg/Al-Fe Hydrotalcite serta pengaruh waktu terhadap konsentrasi asamfulvat terdesorpsi dari Mg/Al-Fe Hydrotalcite.Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan karakteristik puncak serta gugus fungsi Mg/Al-FeHydrotalcite dalam difraktogram sinar-X dan spektra FTIR. Kestabilan Mg/Al-FeHydrotalcite cenderung stabil pada pH di atas 3. Berdasarkan data spektra FTIR, asam fulvatTeluk Panji memiliki gugus fungsi utama yaitu –COOH (alifatik dan aromatik) dan gugus –OH fenolat. Hasil pola adsorpsi asam fuvat oleh Mg/Al-Fe Hydrotalcite merupakan kinetikareaksi orde satu yang mencapai kesetimbangan dengan konstanta laju reaksi (k1) sebesar 24 x10-4 menit-1. Hasil karakterisasi pasca adsorpsi menunjukkan bahwa asam fulvat masuk kedalam antar lapis Mg/Al-Fe Hydrotalcite yang dibuktikan dengan peningkatan harga basalspacing pada d003 yang merupakan karakteristik dari hydrotalcite. Pengaruh waktu terhadapkonsentrasi asam fulvat terdesorpsi menunjukkan asam fulvat mampu terdesorpsi dari Mg/Al-Fe Hydrotalcite sebesar 82,83% atau sebesar 18,52 mg/L dari konsentrasi total 22,3556 mg/L.Kata kunci: Mg/Al-Fe Hydrotalcite, adsorpsi, desorpsi, asam fulvat.
Daily Activity of Male Mice (Mus musculus) in Laboratory
Authors: Oktiansyah Rian
Published: September 2020

The importance of observing the behavior of mice in the laboratory is additional information to compare with their behavior in nature and an effort to increase the welfare of mice (animal welfare) through alleviating the pain and suffering associated with scientific procedures. This study aims to study the daily activities of male mice in the laboratory. The method used was ad libitum and focal animal sampling. Based on the ad libitum sampling method, the daily activities of male mice in the laboratory were divided into 9 activities, namely locomotion, grooming, eating, foraging, social, exploration, resting, making nests, and drinking. Based on the focal animal sampling method, the main activity carried out by male mice in the laboratory was locomotion.
Identification of Anticancer Active Compound from GC-MS Test Results of Zodia Leaves (Evodia suaveolens) Ethanol Extract
Authors: Sanora Ghea Dionita , Mastura Elly Yana , Handoyo Muhammad Ongky Muji , Purnama Erlix Rakhmad
Published: September 2020

Cancer is estimated to be the second leading cause of death globally in 2018. The background of the study was the prevalence of cancer in Indonesia in 2018 reaching 775.120 people. Treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy have negative side effects. Herbal medicine is an alternative treatment with lower side effects that can reduce the side effects of existing treatments. The aim of this study was to identify the results of GC-MS active compounds from ethanol extract of zodia leaves which have the potential as anticancer. The method of this research was observational research through scientific literature. GC-MS results showed 22 active compounds contained in ethanol extract of zodia leaves. Based on the literature searching, there are 17 active compounds that have potential to be anticancer. Menthofuran; evodone; Bicyclopentene; Delta-Selinene; 3,5,7-Octatrien-2-Ol, 2,6-Dimethyl; Aromadendrene oxide 2; Alpha-bisabolol; 2,4-Dimethyl-2,4-Heptadienal; Phytol; Squalene; Beta-Tocopherol; D-alpha-Tocopherol; Stigmasta-5,23-dien-3.beta.-ol; (23S)-ethylcholest-5-en-3.beta.ol; 24,25-Dihydrolanosterol; Lanosterol; and Obtusifoliol. The compounds are targeted in breast, lung, and ovarian cancer.
Effect of Different Strenght of Medium on Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato and Sucrose Effect on Biomass of Tomato Callus
Authors: Setiaji Arkan
Published: September 2020

Bioactive compounds of plant cell culture extracts are currently being looked at for its potential for the development of nutraceutical products. Tomato callus is known to have cytoprotective activity. The availability for explants and its callus production are two important things. This paper reports the effect of different strengths of medium on seed germination and seedling growth of tomato cv. Permata and sucrose effects on their biomass callus. Seeds were grown on 4 kind of germination media. Hypocotyl were taken as explants for callus induction in MS medium supplemented by 2.0 mg/l BA and 0.2 mg/l NAA, 3% sucrose, and subcultured after 20 days on medium with 6 variations of sucrose. The highest values ​​for tomato hypocotyl’s height were obtained from the ½ and ¼ MS, while the highest fresh weight was obtained from the MS 0. Both the fresh weight and dry weight of the callus increased along with increasing sucrose concentration. The explant age and biomass need to be a concern regarding what kind of callus that will be produced.  Application of 5% sucrose concentration is recommended for callus production in this study.
TEACHING AND LEARNING TO READ AND WRITETHE QUR'AN USING AL-BARQY METHOD
Authors: Fitriana Fitriana , Mirani Dwi , Dianti Puspa
Published: September 2020

This article aimed to reveal the teaching-learning process of how to read and write the Qur'an with the Al-Barqy method to Faculty of Teacher Training and Education students at Sriwjaya University. The research method used qualitative method. The data collection was takenfrom observation, interviews, and documentation. The respondents consisted of students and lecturers of Islamic Education. This research focusedon the learning process of how to read and write the Al-Qur'an using the Al-Barqy method? What are the advantages and disadvantages used in the Al-Barqy method? The information obtained was analyzed with interactive analysis through several components, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Then the data from the observation and documentation were adjusted. This teaching-learning process only emphasized on the ability to read and write the Qur'an in Faculty of Teacher Training and Education students at Sriwijaya University. The result of this research of the teaching-learning process to read and write Al-Qur'an with the al-barqy method made students learn the Qur'an quicker and easiercompared to other methods. This method used easier steps and a fun process. And there were several advantages, namely: Used a short period of time which was up to 8 hours and for adults was only up to 200 minutes to read the Qur’an,can be used for all ages both children and adults. While the drawbacks of this method include: This method was called the 8-hour method meaning that the learning time was relatively short and if it was for children's education then we must pay attention to their conditions both endurance and their memories, the understandings of hijaiyah letters was not very deep.
Film dan propaganda politik (studi atas film “g-30s/pki” dan “jagal”)
Authors: Mirnawati Mirnawati
Published: September 2020

This paper examines and compares two films with the theme of political events / history in 1965, namely Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI and Jagal. Both films have the same object but are produced in different time frames. Specifically this paper will parse and analyze how the two films view, tell and visualize events known as the G30S movement. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data obtained through observation and film observation and supported by sources from various literature relevant to the theme. The data is analyzed, critically compromised, and then narrated. The film is part of the media used to entertain the audience but the film has other function to spread propaganda. The film Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI, produced by the state in the New Order era, depicts that PKI is an enemy of the state and is trying to overthrow the government. This film is very massive and successfully led to public perception that the events occurred on 30 September 1965 were masterminded by PKI. Meanwhile, Jagal made in the post-reformation period was used to create a new perception that PKI was a victim of the incident.

 

Keywords: Films, Political Propaganda and Public Opinion
Prespektif Islam Mengenai Tradisi Manganan di Punden Mbah Rahmad Desa Gelang Kabupaten Jepara
Authors: Khabib Muhammad Nur , Zafi Ashif Az
Published: September 2020

Tradisi manganan atau disebut juga dengan nyadran merupakan suatu tradisi yang masih terjaga dan terlestarikan sampai kini oleh masyarakat desa gelang, kecamatan keling, kabupaten Jepara. Biasanya dilaksanakan ketika menjelang perayaan sedekah bumi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripsi kualitatif. Hasil dari wawancara, serta studi pustaka kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif analisis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menerangkan bahwa 1) Pelaksanaan Tradisi Manganan di Punden Mbah Rahmad bertujuan sebagai media bersyukur kepada Allah atas melimpahnya hasil bumi dan sebagai do’a supaya dijauhkan dari malapetaka dan penyakit 2) Simbol dan makna dari tradisi manganan yang terdiri dari  daun berjajar mengandung makna tata cara sholat berjamaah, nasi dan lauk pauk yang mengandung makna simbol kerukunan antara sesama masyarakat, bubur abang putih melambangkan asal usul seorang anak, kemenyan yang mengandung makna sarana seseorang untuk memanjatkan doa, 3) Mengenai prespektif agama Islam terhadap tradisi manganan, dapat dihubungkan dari kaidah Imam Syafi’i yang menyebutkan bahwa menghargai gagasan yang tumbuh dan dijadikan panutan di kalangan masyarakat itu lebih baik, daripada memperselisihkan sunnah yang masih ikhtilah.
Tradisi Shalawat Ngelik di Kampung Santri Mlangi, Sleman, DIY
Authors: Rokhim Nur
Published: September 2020

The tradition of ngelik prayer is one of the traditions of the celebration of the birth of the Prophet Muhammad, in the Santri Village in Mlangi, Sleman, DIY. This tradition is carried out at the peak of the prophet's birthday celebration which is the 12th of Rabiu'ul Awal at Pathok Negoro Mosque in Mlangi. This research tries to reveal in detail the tradition and try to analyze why this tradition still exists today. This study uses two data collection techniques, namely literature and field studies. The approach used is a qualitative approach with an ethnographic model. This research reveals a brief history of Santri Mlangi Village formed by the initiative of KH. Nur Iman Mlangi, sibling of Sultan Hamengkubuwono I. This research also found that the tradition of ngelik prayer is a new culture as a result of a cross between Islamic and Javanese cultures. The celebration of the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, is an Islamic culture. While recitation of shalawat using Javanese-style notes is a Javanese tradition. This is inseparable from the influence of the existence of KH. Nur Iman Mlangi who is a royal descendant of the Yogyakarta Palace. This study also revealed that the existence of dozens of pesantren has a big role in maintaining the continuity of the tradition of ngelik prayer.

Keywords: Shalawat Ngelik, Mlangi, Pathok Negoro Mosque
Charly García
Authors: Favoretto Mara
Published: September 2020

La alegoría es un figura retórica antigua que atraviesa la historia y sigue reapareciendo de diferentes maneras como un modo simbólico efectivo y maleable. Durante el régimen militar conocido como el Proceso en Argentina (1976-1983),  la alegoría, en parte como reacción a la censura, aparece como principal estrategia retórica en el movimiento de resistencia conocido como rock nacional.  Siguiendo la teoría de Fletcher (1964), que estudió la alegoría como método de interpretación dialéctica que pretende descifrar lo oculto en todo tipo de textos e imágenes, se exploran en este trabajo las canciones de Charly García producidas durante los primeros cinco años de este período. Este músico, uno de los principales compositores de este género, se caracteriza por componer alegorías complejas que al ser revisitadas, décadas después, continúan revelando nuevas posibles asociaciones, comprobando así el carácter transcendente de esta forma simbólica.
PENGETAHUAN DAN PERAN APOTEKER TENTANG DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Authors: Setiyarini Lina Dwi , Prameswari Devita Ardina , Luisa Rachmad , Panggono Sisca Melani , Choiri Achmad Aziz , Fithriyah Nailul , Alodia Almira , Yaqin Istna Nur Ainul , Putri Gusti Ayu Manik Suartha , Najla Farah , Nikmah Anisa Ikrimatun , Zairina Elida
Published: September 2020

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan wilayah pesisir yang luas dan terpanjang di dunia. Negara dengan wilayah pesisir yang luas memiliki potensi terkena bencana tinggi, khususnya bencana banjir. Banjir di kota Surabaya dapat menyebabkan penyakit seperti diare, infeksi saluran pernapasan, serta infeksi lainnya. Apoteker memiliki peran dalam manajemen bencana dalam menangani pra, selama, dan pasca bencana. Penelitian merupakan penelitian cross sectional yang dilakukan untuk mengukur pengetahuan dan peran apoteker di Kota Surabaya, pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan non-random sampling pada apoteker yang bersedia menjadi responden. Kuesioner digunakan untuk pengambilan data dan diisi langsung oleh apoteker yang bersedia berpartisipasi. Hasil jawaban kuesioner pada masing-masing bagian akan dilakukan skoring dengan kategori baik, cukup, dan kurang. Skor kurang (0-3), cukup (4-6), dan baik (7-9) pada masing–masing pertanyaan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa responden memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai tentang peran apoteker dan kesediaan untuk menyiapkan obat dan perangkat medis jika terjadi bencana. Dari 104 apoteker yang menjadi responden, 99 orang diantaranya (95,2%) memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang peran apoteker, 5 responden (4,8%) dengan pengetahuan cukup, dan 0 responden (0%) dengan pengetahuan kurang. Kesediaan responden untuk menyiapkan obat-obatan dan peralatan medis yang cukup jika terjadi bencana ada pada kategori baik sejumlah 43 (41,3%), cukup sejumlah 58 (55,8%), dan kurang sejumlah 3 (2,9%). Responden memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang peran apoteker dalam penanggulangan bencana dan bersedia memberikan obat-obatan dan peralatan medis saat terjadi bencana.
PRAKTIK PENYIMPANAN DAN PEMBUANGAN OBAT DALAM KELUARGA
Authors: Savira Meidia , Ramadhani Firmansyah Ardian , Nadhirah Urfah , Lailis Silvy Restuning , Ramadhan Enrico Gading , Febriani Kholidah , Patamani Muhammad Yusuf , Savitri Dian Retno , Awang Mohd Ridhuan , Hapsari Miranda Wisnu , Rohmah Nabela Nailiatu , Ghifari Aileen Syifa , Majid Moch Davit Abdul , Duka Frederic Grorio , Nugraheni Gesnita
Published: September 2020

Penyimpanan obat harus disesuaikan dengan karakteristik terkait stabilitas untuk menjaga agar senyawa aktif dapat tetap bekerja dengan optimal dalam tubuh saat digunakan. Selain penyimpanan, hal yang masih menjadi perhatian adalah pembuangan obat dengan tepat. Obat berpotensi mencemari lingkungan apabila tidak dibuang dengan cara yang tepat. Akan tetapi, masih banyak masyarakat yang belum mengerti bagaimana cara menyimpan dan membuang obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktik masyarakat, faktor yang mempengaruhi, serta peran keluarga dalam penyimpanan dan pembuangan obat di rumah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dengan metode pengambilan sampel accidental sampling dengan kriteria inklusi berusia lebih dari 18 tahun dan tinggal bersama dengan keluarga. Sebanyak 140 responden berpartisipasi pada survei yang dilakukan. Hampir seluruh responden menyimpan obat di rumah 132(94,3%) dan 19 responden (13,6%) diantaranya menyimpan obat kedaluarsa. Hampir separuh responden 60(42,9%) menyimpan obat di tempat yang mudah dijangkau oleh anak-anak. Selain itu, lebih dari separuh responden 81(57,9%) tidak membuang obat dengan benar. Secara umum, praktik responden dalam manajemen obat di rumah termasuk dalam kategori sedang 71(66,4%). Karakteristik responden yang berpengaruh pada kualitas manajemen obat di rumah adalah usia (p=0,023) dan tingkat penghasilan (p=0,045). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih kurangnya praktik penyimpanan dan pembuangan obat di masyarakat dengan benar, sehingga diperlukan edukasi lebih lanjut kepada masyarakat terkait penyimpanan dan pembuangan obat yang benar.
The role of social media in promoting political participation: The Lebanon experience
Authors: Saud Muhammad , El Hariri Dima Bassam , Ashfaq Asia
Published: September 2020

Social media, as part of the political experience, is an emerging trend in the sociology of youths and politics. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamic role of social media in the context of promoting political participation in Lebanese society. A quantitative survey method was used to collect the data from the field, and a total number of 260 questionnaires were filled in throughout the study. The study suggests that people are openly sharing their political opinions on social media platforms and that their expression rate in terms of sharing and learning political knowledge is increasing.  The majority of respondents are using Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram for political purposes. The creation of social media has brought about an innovative advancement when it comes to individuals participating freely for political reasoning. Additionally, with exciting features and the freedom to share videos, pictures, and status updates, social media applications increasingly allow them to participate in political discussions. Where social media is providing opportunities for the public to participate in politics, electronic media is also facilitating a generation in terms of them gaining political knowledge from political talk shows. Social media’s appropriateness for spreading something broad has triggered a contagious phenomenon that allows every notice polled to be accessed by everyone. It is possible to conclude that social media is suitable for use as an online political platform, and it provides an opportunity for the respondents to participate in the political sector of their country.
Incivility and disrespectfulness in online political discussion
Authors: Aji Angga Prawadika , Sapto Ari
Published: September 2020

Reader’s comment columns on online political news pages are locations where political discussions between citizens can emerge and develop. The reader comment column is a standard feature of almost all media sites because of its ability to initiate discussion and promote a particular article or issues within the news site. Unfortunately, in its development, the online comment column’s discussion process is often filled by incivility and disrespectful expressions, such as sentences containing insults, condemnation, or expressions full of anger. Such sentences have the potential to undermine the discussion process and encourage pointless arguments, especially in articles that discuss political polarity. This study aims to determine the extent to which incivility and disrespectful expressions appear in readers’ comments columns of online news sites, especially on polarized political issues. This study uses content analysis techniques on 403 comments in political news on Detik.com, one of Indonesia’s main news portals. The results show that although the incivility expression shows a small number, the form of disrespectful shows a high number in the readers’ comments. The highest form of the expression of disrespectful is the expression tat contains name-calling (23%), followed by hyperbole (15.6%) and the use of sarcasm (6.2%). The high number of disrespectful expressions seems to be related to the comment column service feature that allows users to use anonymous identities.
O ESTADO DE COISAS INCONSTITUCIONAL FACE AO REITERADO ROMPIMENTO DE BARRAGENS NO BRASIL
Authors: Rosmaninho Alves Henrique
Published: September 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo averiguar a possibilidade de caracterização do Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional face ao quadro de reiterado rompimento de barragens no país. Para tanto analisou-se o histórico de desastres com barragens ocorridos ao longo dos últimos anos, os danos provocados por estes eventos, a legislação em vigor sobre segurança de barragens e o conteúdo e requisitos essenciais do Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional. Realizou-se uma investigação jurídico-sociológica, visto que se partiu da análise do fenômeno socioambiental, relativamente à sua origem e abrangência, para posteriormente debruçar-se sobre a legislação vigente e o cabimento da tese do Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional, momento no qual o estudo adquiriu um viés jurídico-dogmático. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, predominantemente bibliográfica, na qual adotou-se como marco teórico a concepção de Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional emanada pela Corte Constitucional da Colômbia, empregando-se o raciocínio dedutivo para a resolução do problema proposto. Conclui-se pelo cabimento da caracterização do Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional ao cenário de reiterados rompimentos de barragens, propondo-se a adoção de cinco medidas para auxiliar na promoção da superação do ECI no caso em tela.
O PRINCÍPIO DO MELHOR INTERESSE DA CRIANÇA: UMA ANÁLISE À LUZ DO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Freire dos Santos Bruna Aline , Alencar Bolwerk Aloísio
Published: September 2020

O texto visa a analisar a aplicação do princípio do melhor interesse da criança na legislação brasileira, por meio de um estudo do contexto histórico da situação jurídica das crianças e dos adolescentes e de uma discussão acerca das inovações legislativas nesse ramo do direito. O trabalho tem como objetivo defender a evolução legislativa como ferramenta na busca pela proteção integral da criança e do adolescente, de modo a destacar determinadas modificações legais ocorridas no Brasil. A partir do método dedutivo, foi possível apresentar a evolução do Direito da Criança e do Adolescente no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e apontar os avanços conquistados nesse ramo, ressaltando a importância da proteção jurídica aos menores de dezoito anos.
ANÁLISE DA POSSIBILIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO DA LEI DE LAVAGEM DE DINHEIRO NO MERCADO BITCOIN
Authors: De Sousa Moura Jéssyka , Sales Queiroz de Lima  Sibéria
Published: September 2020

O comércio eletrônico de moedas pode ser considerado uma nova alternativa de comércio no mercado financeiro e um meio de romper com o monopólio estatal sobre o dinheiro. Atualmente, tem chamado a atenção da sociedade a criação e desenvolvimento de criptomoedas, tendo como o mais recente exemplo a moeda Bitcoin. Essa moeda é caracterizada pela independência de qualquer autoridade regulamentadora. Com a contemporaneidade do tema e da escassez de material podem surgir algumas divergências, principalmente no âmbito jurídico, como a imprecisão nas fundamentações dos magistrados ao se depararem com ocorrências advindas, possivelmente da falta de regulamentação da moeda virtual. Além disso, todos os interessados no assunto, em algum momento podem se deparar com questionamentos relacionados à ausência da qualificação do Bitcoin em moeda ou não, e da viabilidade ou não da efetiva aplicação de normas. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório e método descritivo analítico, buscou-se, nesta pesquisa, sanar algumas dessas obscuridades relativas ao mercado de moeda virtual e o seu tratamento jurídico, além de responder a seguinte indagação: de que forma a Lei de Lavagem de Dinheiro pode ser aplicada no mercado Bitcoin? Conclui-se que a falta de regulamentação deixa lacunas para as autoridades policiais e judiciais quando se debaterem com essa situação, sendo assim, uma solução momentânea é a aplicação do critério da adaptação, que é utilizado para empregar dispositivos do Código Penal nos crimes virtuais.
New Quantum Diodes with Superconducting Properties at Non-Freezing Temperatures, and Their Computing Applications
Authors: Ishiguri Shinichi
Published: September 2020

Two opposed p–n diodes are connected with another junction that causes cancellation of the electric field in the depletion layer of each diode by the field of the other diode. This derived quantum diode is called the A system. Another dual diode, constructed by the same process but with the p- and n-types positioned as duality, called the B system. When a bias voltage is applied between the A and B systems, Lorentz conservation imparts a momentum (i.e., a wave number) to the carriers in the absence of any internal voltage. Thus, a superconducting bias current density appears without the need for cooling. The reappearances of electron–hole pairs on the junction surfaces are assumed to be described by entire wavefunctions normalized by the band gap. Based on the bias superconducting current, NOT and NAND gates were constructed from the quantum diode systems. Numerical calculations revealed that the constant phases of the entire wavefunctions of the p-and n-types converged. Accordingly, it was clarified that Bose–Einstein condensation and the Meissner effect (described by the London equation) occurred in the quantum diode systems. Moreover, the systems exhibited rectification characteristics and a switching speed of the order of 10-14 s. Combining this switching property with the large bias superconducting current (of the order of several V), we developed NOT and NAND gates with direct quantum correlations among many qubits, which are unaffected by random and thermal noises. These gates have memorization and initialization properties and are compatible with existing and accumulating programing algorithms. Moreover, when harvesting a divergent current output from these systems, the bias superconducting current and memorization property preserve the formed quantum correlations.
Differences in Household size, Employment Status and Ability to pay for the service, are Associated with Distance Travelled for Inpatient Care in Kenya
Authors: Mwenda Ngugi , Nduati Ruth , Kosgey Mathew , Kerich Gregory
Published: September 2020

Background: Distance to a health facility for inpatient care in developing countries has been a huge hindrance towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal three. The United Nation encourages countries to research on access to inpatient care, so as to form health policies based on data. Methods: Data on four hundred and eighty-one participants of all ages from forty-seven counties in Kenya who sought inpatient care in Kenya in 2018 were analyzed. Distance to a health facility was captured as a continuous variable and was self-reported by the respondent. The response exhibited a discrete mass at zero and continuous characteristic, therefore a Tweedie distribution was adopted for modelling. Due to the correlation nature of clustered data, we embraced the Generalized Estimating Equations approach with an exchangeable correlation. Since no standard software was available to analyze this problem, we developed an R functions. We assessed the best model fit using the QICu and criteria, in which the lowest value for the former and the highest for the later are preferred.Findings: Differences in employment, ability to pay for the service and household size are associated with the distance covered to access government facilities. Interpretation: Poor people tend to have large households and are more likely to live in rural areas and slums, thus are forced to travel for long distance to access inpatient care. Compared to unemployed, the employed could have better socio-economic status and possibly live within reach of the inpatient health facilities, therefore travel less distances to access. Longer distances are associated with high payments, signifying some form of specialized treatment care due to the complexity of the medical cases, that are expensive to treat.
Scale-up of Physics-based Models for Predicting Degradation of Large Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Hong-Keun , Lee Kyu-Jin
Published: September 2020

Large lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles and energy storage systems demonstrate different performance and lifetime compared to small LIB cells, owing to the size effects generated by the electrical configuration and property imbalance. However, the calculation time for performing life predictions with three-dimensional (3D) cell models is undesirably long. In this paper, a lumped cell model with equivalent resistances (LER cell model) is proposed as a reduced order model of the 3D cell model, which enables accurate and fast life predictions of large LIBs. The developed LER cell model is validated via the comparisons with results of the 3D cell models by simulating a 20-Ah commercial pouch cell (NCM/graphite) and the experimental values. In addition, the LER cell models are applied to different cell types and sizes, such as a 20-Ah cylindrical cell and a 60-Ah pouch cell.
In vivo Modelling of Toxicity of Eight Commercial Artificial Sweeteners in Daphnia Neonates and Zebrafish Embryos through Cardiac Performance Assessments
Authors: Saputra Ferry , Lai Yu-Heng , Fernandez Rey Arturo , Macabeo Allan Patrick G. , Lai Hong-Thih , Huang Jong-Chin , Hsiao Chung-Der
Published: September 2020

Artificial sweeteners are widely used food ingredients in beverages and drinks to lower calorie intake which in turn prevent lifestyle diseases such as obesity. Epidemiological evidences suggest that an overdose of artificial sweeteners could result to adverse effects after consumption. Thus, our study aims to systematically explore the potential adverse effects of eight commercial artificial sweeteners, including acesulfame-K, alitame, aspartame, sodium cyclamate, dulcin, neotame, saccharin and sucralose on cardiac performances of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Daphnia as model animals. Embryonic zebrafish and Daphnia were exposed to eight artificial sweeteners at 100 ppb concentrations and their cardiac performance (heart rate, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, stroke volume, cardiac output and heartbeat regularity) were measured and compared. Saccharin significantly increased the heart rate of zebrafish larvae while a significant decrease was observed in Daphnia. Significant increase was also noted in zebrafish heart rate variability after incubation in acesulfame K, dulcin, sodium cyclamate, and sucralose. However, a significant increase in Daphnia was only observed after incubation in dulcin. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering results, several artificial sweetener samples were species-specific to zebrafish and Daphnia. Our study demonstrates the potential adverse physiological effects of artificial sweeteners in cardiovascular systems of zebrafish larvae and Daphnia.
SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Binding hACE2: Viral Entry, Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Al-Zaidan Lobna , Mestiri Sarra , Raza Afsheen , Merhi Maysaloun , Inchakalody Varghese , Fernandez Queenie , Taib Nassiba , Uddin Shahab , Dermime Said
Published: September 2020

Pneumonia cases of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China, were reported to the WHO on 31st of December 2019. Later the pathogen was reported to be a novel coronavirus designated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is a novel pathogenic beta coronavirus that infects humans causing severe respiratory illness. However, multifarious factors can contribute to the susceptibility to COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality such as age, gender and underlying comorbidities. Importantly, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cells is mediated via ACE2 receptor. However, ACE2 receptor binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2 is 4 folds higher than that to SARS-CoV. Identification of different aspects such as binding affinity, differential antigenic profiles of spike glycoproteins, and ACE2 polymorphisms might influence the investigation of potential therapeutic strategies targeting SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 binding interface. Here we aim to elaborate on SARS-CoV-2 S1/ACE2 ligand that facilitates viral internalization as well as to highlight the differences between SARS-CoVs binding affinity to ACE2. We also discuss the possible immunogenic sequences of spike glycoprotein and the effect of ACE2 polymorphism on viral binding/infectivity and host susceptibility to disease. Furthermore, targeting of ACE2 will be discussed to understand its role in therapeutics.
Effects of Cane Emergence Time, Bending, and Defoliation on Flowering and Yield in Primocane-Fruiting Blackberry
Authors: Takeda Fumiomi , Rose Ann , Demchak Kathy
Published: September 2020

Primocane-fruiting (PF) blackberries are adaptable to different production systems. To increase yields in PF blackberries, their primocanes are typically tipped or topped in summer to encourage branch formation from axillary buds below the cut. In this study, we determined in PF ‘Prime-Ark Traveler’ whether early emerging primocanes were more productive than those that emerged later in the season and the effect of primocane bending and defoliation on flowering. The primocanes that emerged in April produced 64% more flower shoots than those that emerged after May. Also, these findings indicate the alternative primocane management practices of selecting the early emerging primocanes and bending to orient primocanes horizontally and leaf removal increase budbreak and flower shoot emergence. The present work contributes toward a better understanding of primocane emergence time and orientation-flowering relations and how they mediate crop performance in PF blackberry.
Hepatotoxicity of Two Progoitrin-Derived Nitriles in New Zealand White Rabbits
Authors: Collett Mark Grey , Matthews Zoe Maree , Parton Kathleen Henry
Published: September 2020

Cattle occasionally develop brassica-associated liver disease (BALD) and photosensitisation when grazing turnip or swede (Brassica spp.) forage crops. The liver toxin in these brassica varieties has yet to be discovered. Progoitrin is the dominant glucosinolate in incriminated crops. Apart from goitrin, progoitrin hydrolysis yields the nitrile, 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB), and the epithionitrile, 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3,4-epithiobutane (CHEB). The two compounds were custom-synthesised. In a small pilot trial, New Zealand White rabbits were given either CHB or CHEB by gavage. Single doses of 0.75 mmol/kg of CHB or 0.25 mmol/kg of CHEB were subtoxic and elicited subclinical effects. Higher doses were severely hepatotoxic causing periportal to massive hepatic necrosis associated with markedly elevated serum liver biomarkers often resulting in severe illness or death within 24 h. The possibility that one or both of these hepatotoxic nitriles causes BALD in cattle requires further investigation.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Natrium Silikat Terhadap Laju Korosi Paduan Aluminium dalam Lingkungan Natrium Klorida 3,5%
Authors: Rukiah Rukiah , Putra Diding Mandala , Solihudin Solihudin , Hartati Yeni Wahyuni , Noviyanti Atiek Rostika
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAK. Korosi merupakan proses penurunan kualitas logam akibat reaksi logam dengan lingkungannya. Air laut merupakan salah satu sistem yang korosif karena tingginya kadar ion klorida. Ion silikat dengan konsentrasi optimum mampu memperlambat laju korosi pada logam, seperti aluminium. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh ion silikat dalam larutan natrium klorida 3,5% terhadap laju korosi aluminium yang diuji dengan metode potensiostat dan dihitung dengan Ekstrapolasi Tafel. Pengaruh konsentrasi ion silikat terhadap laju korosi diamati pada variasi konsentrasinya yaitu 0, 25, 50, 75, dan 100 mM. Konsentrasi optimum natrium silikat untuk menurunkan laju korosi adalah 25 mM,  laju korosi turun dari 0,0118 menjadi 0,0084 mm/tahun. Sebaliknya, penambahan konsentrasi natrium silikat hingga 100 mM,  dapat meningkatkan laju korosi menjadi 0,101 mm/tahun.

ABSTRACT. The Effect of Sodium Silicate Concentration on the Corrosion Rate of Aluminum Alloy in Sodium Chloride 3.5%. Corrosion is a process of decreasing the quality of metals due to the reaction of metals with their environment. Seawater is one of the corrosive systems because of the high levels of chloride ions. Silicate ions with optimum concentrations can slow the rate of corrosion in metals, such as aluminum. This research examines the effect of silicate ions on the aluminum corrosion rate in a solution of sodium chloride 3.5%, tested by the potentiostat method and calculated by Tafel extrapolation. The effect of silicate ion concentration on the corrosion rate was observed in various concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM. The optimum concentration of sodium silicate in reducing the corrosion rate is 25 mM, in which the corrosion rate drops from 0.0118 to 0.0084 mm/year. Conversely, increasing the concentration of sodium silicate to 100 mM increased the corrosion rate to 0.101 mm/year.
Strategi Meningkatkan Pemerolehan Bahasa Arab dengan Memperhatikan Tipe Kepribadian Siswa
Authors: Chafidzoh Tsaniananda Fidyatul
Published: September 2020

The Arabic language is often categorized as a second language that is hard to learn and practiced as a means of communication. Although the government has made the Arabic language as the subject of elementary school through college, it does not make the Arabic language acquisition is easier and practicable for students to learn it. The level of language acquisition of each person is different; some can easily absorb the new language. This is because language acquisition is based on a natural process beneath the conscious. Therefore, by using descriptive qualitative research methods, this study aims to find the appropriate strategies for improving Arabic language acquisition based on student personality. The result of this study proves that extrovert or introvert personalities have different approaches to language acquisition. Extroverts tend to be more open, while introverts tend to be more closed. Extrovert personalities with more open tendencies have a more spontaneous language acquisition pattern, whereas introvert personalities with more inclined tendencies have a more disciplined and structured language acquisition pattern.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Bahasa Arab (Kitābah) dengan Menggunakan Metode Scramble di Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Authors: Hendrawanto Ch
Published: September 2020

The main purpose of this study is to find a clear description of the effectiveness of using the scramble method to improve students’ proficiency in Arabic writing skills. This research is a qualitative study using a class action research method for 4th-semester students of 2016, in the Arabic language Education Study Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, who took Kitābah 1 course. The results of this study indicate that there are changes in the attitudes and behavior of students who study Kitābah 1 with the scramble method before and after applying the method, starting from the pre-research to the first and second cycles. In this second cycle, there is a very significant change compared to before where students are more active in asking questions and discussing with their groups. Because of their activeness, the results obtained were also significant changes. This is proven by the following changes: there are 29 out of 85 students who get “very good” grades, 37 students get “good” grades, and 15 students who have “enough” grades. Meanwhile, only 4 students scored “less”. The lack of value is because the student concerned did not enter the lecture so the value and understanding are lacking in the material that has been submitted.
Athar al-Shi‘r fī Tadwīn al-Aḥdāth al-Tārīkhīyah fī al-Qarn al-Tāsi‘ ‘Ashar: Qaṣīdat al-Shaykh Muhammadu Bello ibn al-Shaykh Usman ibn Fodio fī Ghazwat Kano Unmūdhajān
Authors: Muhammad Safiyyu Abdul Kadir
Published: September 2020

Poetry is a notable record for historical events, a tool for arousing enthusiasm and a capability of emotional expression that drives society. The objective of this article is to investigate and appraise the degree for special literary description on poetic influence in the recording of historical events in the 19th century in Nigeria. The article contains a biography of the poet Shaykh Muhammadu Bello bin Sheikh Usman bin Fodio and preamble that will assist in understanding the meaning of historical Arabic poetry. The theme of this article comprises the meaning of historical Arabic poetry, word expression, skills in the language of poetry, the poet’s artistic doctrine, and the belief of the poet feels. The poetry of historical events is counted among the best poems in Arabic literature of the past and present period. The author collected lots of data and will use the descriptive and analytical methods in carrying out the research.
Cost-Effectiveness of Volar Locking Plate Compared with Augmented External Fixation for Displaced Intra-Articular Wrist Fractures
Authors: Hammer Ola-Lars , Jakobsen Rune Bruhn , Clementsen Stale , Fuglesang Hendrik , Bjornelv Gudrun Waaler , Randsborg Per-Henrik
Published: September 2020

Background:

The purpose of the present study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of treating displaced, intra-articular distal radial fractures with volar locking plate fixation compared with augmented external fixation.

Methods:

A cost-utility analysis was conducted alongside a randomized, clinical trial comparing 2 surgical interventions for intra-articular distal radial fractures. One hundred and sixty-six patients were allocated to either volar locking plate fixation (84 patients) or external fixation (82 patients) and were followed for 2 years. Health-related quality of life was assessed with the EuroQol-5 Dimensions and was used to calculate patients’ quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Resource use was identified prospectively at the patient level at all follow-up intervals. Costs were estimated with use of both a health-care perspective and a societal perspective. Results were expressed in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, and uncertainty was assessed with use of bootstrapping methods.

Results:

The average QALY value was equivalent between the groups (1.70463 for the volar locking plate group and 1.70726 for the external fixation group, yielding a nonsignificant difference of −0.00263 QALY). Health-care costs were equal between the groups, with a nonsignificant difference of €52 (p = 0.8) in favor of external fixation. However, the external fixation group had a higher loss of productivity due to absence from work (5.5 weeks in the volar locking plate group compared with 9.2 weeks for the external fixation group; p = 0.02). Consequently, the societal costs were higher for the external fixation group compared with the volar locking plate group (€18,037 compared with €12,567, representing a difference of €5,470; p = 0.04) in favor of the volar locking plate group. Uncertainty analyses showed that there is indifference regarding which method to recommend from a health-care perspective, with volar locking plate treatment and external fixation having a 47% and 53% likelihood of being cost-effective, respectively. From the societal perspective, volar locking plate treatment had a 90% likelihood of being cost-effective.

Conclusions:

External fixation was less cost-effective than volar locking plate treatment for distal radial fractures from a societal perspective, primarily because patients managed with external fixation had a longer absence from work.

Level of Evidence:

Economic and Decision Analysis Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Prearthritic Hip Disease: Important Issues
Authors: Millis Michael B.
Published: September 2020

Prearthritic hip disease is challenging to define, diagnose, and treat. The mechanically abnormal hip, which has not yet suffered irreversible damage but will do so if its abnormal mechanics are not corrected, can be considered to be in a prearthritic stage. A conundrum regarding the treatment of many patients with a variety of hip diseases involving a hip at mechanical risk is that the best opportunity for preventing progressive osteoarthritis lies in the period before symptoms are severe enough to demand treatment solely on that basis. It is difficult to institute treatment for a minimally symptomatic but at-risk hip because of the multitude of variables that affect symptoms and hip longevity. Input from an established team of multiple hip experts with varying areas of expertise is ideal. Shared decision-making is highly effective in this prearthritic situation of high patient sensitivity. The cornerstone of treatment of the prearthritic hip is the correction of the problematic mechanical abnormality. As methods of analysis and treatment methods evolve and as long-term outcomes of treatments become understood, the role of intervention during the prearthritic stage of hip disease is likely to increase.