bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation der morphologischen Filterung und der Abplattung der Rauheitsspitzen mechanisch bearbeiteter Werkstücke und deren Auswirkung auf die Bewertung der Formabweichung in der Koordinatenmesstechnik
Authors: Kistner Thomas , Hausotte Tino , Imkamp Dietrich
Published: February 2021

Bei der taktilen Erfassung einer Oberfläche lässt sich eine Beeinflussung des Messergebnisses durch die morphologische Filterung infolge der endlichen Größe des Antastelementes und die Wirkung der mechanischen Antastkraft nicht vermeiden. Durch die Simulation dieser Filterung und der zusätzlichen Berücksichtigung der elastischen Abplattung können Modelle für die Simulation von taktilen Koordinatenmessungen bereitgestellt werden. Zur Simulation der Abplattung werden die Oberflächenprofile in die einzelnen Wellen- bzw. Ortsfrequenzbestandteile zerlegt. Jede Wellenamplitude wird entsprechend ihres Anteils an der Verformung reduziert. Das daraus resultierende Profil wird hinsichtlich verschiedener Oberflächenparameter analysiert. Bei der Auswertung der Welligkeit und der Geradheitsabweichungen lassen sich unterschiedliche Effekte für verschiedenen Simulationsparameter und Auswertebedingungen erkennen. Der Einfluss der elastischen Abplattung auf das Ergebnis steht in Abhängigkeit von der betrachteten Werkstückoberfläche und des verwendeten Tastkugelradius. Signifikante Effekte sind bei regelmäßigen Oberflächenstrukturen und der Verwendung kleiner Tastkugelradien zu beobachten. Die aus der Simulation entstehenden Modelle können auch für die Simulation der Messunsicherheit verwendet werden.
Epistemic stance in the translations of Chinese medicine classics: a case study of Huang Di Nei Jing
Authors: Yue Yan , Wu Canzhong
Published: February 2021

This article is a contrastive study of epistemic stance in the English translations of the Chinese medical classic Huang Di Nei Jing by clinicians and non-clinicians. Epistemic stance is concerned with a translator’s certainty about the proposition of a statement and is highly consequential to information validity. By drawing on the systemic functional linguistic framework and using two sets of translations of the Chinese medicine classic, Huang Di Nei Jing, by both clinicians and non-clinicians, the study investigates the linguistic choices concerning epistemic stance. The findings show that epistemic stance is closely related to the translators’ domain knowledge and expertise, with clinician-translators more likely to express their epistemic stance in the translations. However, this study also finds a counterintuitive epistemic pattern: non-clinician translators express more certainty in their translations.
Effects of radiofrequency radiation on colorectal cancer cell proliferation and inflammation
Authors: Ozgur Elcin , Kayhan Handan , Kismali Gorkem , Senturk Fatih , Sensoz Merve , Ozturk Goknur Guler , Sel Tevhide
Published: February 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) on apoptosis, proliferation, stress response, and inflammation markers in colorectal cancer cells.

Methods

We tested the effects of intermittent exposure to RFR at different frequencies on two different colorectal cancer cell lines; HCT-116 and DLD-1. Protein levels were subsequently analyzed by ELISA.

Results

RFR led to a decrease in P53, p-P53, p-P38, and p-IkB levels in HCT-116 cells, while leading to an increase in BAD, p-BAD, p-STAT3,NF-κB levels. Two thousand one hundred Megahertz of RFR altered the P53, BAD, and NF-ΚB expression in HCT-116 cells. P53, p-P53, BAD, p-BAD, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, p-P38, p-SAPK/JNK, p-STAT3, and p-IkB levels increased after exposure to RFR at 900 and 2,100 MHz in DLD-1 cells. Unlike HCT-116 cells, 1,800 MHz of RFR was reported to have no effect on DLD1 cells.

Conclusions

RFR increased apoptosis and inflammatory response in HCT116 cells, while lowering the active P38 and active P53 levels, which are indicators of poor prognosis in several cancers. Genetic differences, such as P53 mutation (DLD-1), are critical to the cell response to RFR, which explains the reason why scientific studies on the effects of RFR yield contradictory results.
Exercise Interventions With Trained Home Helpers for Preventing Loss of Autonomy and Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Receiving Home Heath Physical Therapy T4H: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Mézière Anthony , Oubaya Nadia , Michel-Pellegrino Valérie , Boudin Bertrand , Neau Marine , Robert Hervé , Cara Isabelle , Salgado Sanchez Laura , Baloul Samia , Piette François , Pautas Eric , Picou Yannick , Curtis Valentine , Schonheit Claire , Canouï-Poitrine Florence , Moreau Caroline
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:

Older adults at risk for falls live independently in the community in their own home and have rehabilitation needs. However, little is known about whether home coaching of older adults can decrease falls at home. We sought to determine whether a novel program for preventing falls and a loss of exercise capacity, the T4H program, in which home helpers act as exercise coaches by using an information technology (IT) device, was acceptable and feasible.

Methods:

Between February 2015 and October 2015, we performed a cluster randomized controlled trial in which home helpers either assisted older adults 75 years and over, to participate in the T4H program, or provided standard home help over 3 months. We assessed levels of acceptability and satisfaction among the older adults and home helpers with regard to the exercise program and the technologies used. To measure efficacy, the main outcome measures for the older adults were the absence of falls requiring medical or paramedical care, unplanned hospitalizations, walking ability in a Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and self-care ability by the Barthel Index at the 3-month follow-up visit.

Results and Discussion:

Overall, 35 older adults were included, aged 89 years and with 68.6% women. Eighty-five percent of the respondents were pleased or very pleased to have participated in the T4H exercise program, 70% were satisfied with the IT devices, and 92% were satisfied with their home helper's level of involvement. Two of the 4 home helper respondents were satisfied or very satisfied with the exercise program, and 2 were moderately satisfied. The proportions of older adult participants with no falls or no unplanned hospitalizations were higher in the T4H group (92.3% and 85.7%, respectively) than in the control group (81.8% and 71.4%, respectively), although these intergroup differences were not statistically significant. The T4H and control groups did not differ significantly with regard to the TUG time (median [IQR]: 27.6 seconds [17.9-58.6] vs 30.7 seconds [19.7-57.2], respectively) or the Barthel Index (median [IQR]: 90 [75-95] and 90 [75-95], respectively).

Conclusions:

The novel T4H home help model was feasible and was associated with a high level of participant satisfaction. We observed a trend toward fewer falls and hospitalizations and better quality of life in the older adults.
Impersonating Devotion
Authors: Furey Constance M.
Published: February 2021

What can biblical psalms teach us about literary devotion? An unexpected answer to that question is provided by Philip Sidney’s The Defence of Poesy (1595), a touchstone of literary criticism in its time and in ours. The argument in this essay unfolds from analysis of a single paragraph, which reveals how Sidney’s description of King David’s Psalms challenges our regnant categories in the following way: If today religion connotes fidelity or devotion to an external authority, as for many it does, and if literature entails authorial sovereignty and independent creativity (also a widespread assumption), then Sidney’s approach deviates by equating divine inspiration with poetic creativity. His celebration of variable voices and personae, in particular, undermines the distinction between fidelity and autonomy by offering the psalmist’s voice as a model of transformative self-expression.
Literary Persons and Medieval Fiction in Bernard of Clairvaux’s Sermons on the Song of Songs
Authors: Orlemanski Julie
Published: February 2021

Like many exegetes before him, the twelfth-century Cistercian abbot Bernard of Clairvaux regarded the lovers in the Song of Songs as allegorical fictions. Yet these prosopopoeial figures remained of profound commentarial interest to him. Bernard’s Sermons on the Song of Songs returns again and again to the literal level of meaning, where text becomes voice and voice becomes fleshly persona. This essay argues that Bernard pursued a distinctive poetics of fictional persons modeled on the dramatic exegesis of Origen of Alexandria as well as on the Song itself. Ultimately, the essay suggests, Bernard’s Sermons form an overlooked episode in the literary history of fiction.
Queer Melancholia
Authors: Trujillo Kris
Published: February 2021

GLQ: A Journal of Gay and Lesbian Studies, founded in 1993, offers an exemplary site for understanding the rise of queer theory, which, from the start, has struggled with the tension between institutionalization and radical resistance. By situating the emergence of this journal and queer theory in general within the AIDS crisis and the literary tradition of the elegy, this essay offers a reading of conventional academic practices as rituals of queer melancholia that comes to challenge the assumption of queer theory’s secularity.
The Unfinished Web: Transit Planning in Los Angeles, 1895–1953
Authors: Bethel A. C. W.
Published: February 2021

Because of its complexity and length this article is organized into two parts. Part I, which appeared in the previous issue of the Quarterly, traced attempts to improve rapid rail transit in Los Angeles from 1895 to 1925.

This concluding installment traces the political, civic, and taxpayer response to the 1925 comprehensive regional rapid transit plan. The plan was eclipsed by a seemingly unrelated controversy about a union station for the steam railroads. Meanwhile, though frustrated in its plan for a crosstown subway, the rapid transit provider, the Pacific Electric Railway (PE), was not passive: it worked cooperatively with other public-sector and private-sector agencies to create viaducts that separated its trains from busy intersections, bought new rolling stock, and installed safety measures.

The emerging multi-destinational, automobile-oriented city of the 1930s and 1940s led planners to include rail rapid transit in freeway medians, but the politically powerful State Division of Highways opposed it, as did various civic and commercial organizations and the Automobile Club of Southern California (ACSC). Sectional differences in how residents perceived their interests divided city council and state legislature support. PE’s management, now discouraged, gradually abandoned and finally sold its passenger service. Part II concludes with an examination of the PE’s financial condition in the 1920s in refutation of the often-made claim that the PE’s high debt and unprofitable financial account sheets precluded it from making capital investments.
Qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de mangueira (Mangifera indica L) var. 'Tommy Atkins' sob sistema orgânico no submédio São Francisco (Brasil)
Authors: Pinto P.A. da C. , Choudhury C.M.M. , Lins J.A. de , Homma S. , Pinto A.C.C , Silva C.P da , Oliveira R.S.
Published: February 2021

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade pós - colheita de frutos de mangueira Tommy Atkins, cultivada sob sistema orgânico. Os frutos foram avaliados logo ao chegarem ao laboratório (0) e após armazenamento em câmara fria a 10,5º ± 1 ºC e 85,5º ± 5 % de UR, durante, 14, 28 e 42 dias após a colheita (DAC), sendo que após cada período, foram retirados da câmara fria e mantidos durante quatro dias a 21 ± 1º C e 55-65 % de UR, após o que foram caracterizados física, biológica e químicamente. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos inteiramente ao acaso. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Os frutos foram avaliados quanto a: perda de água e a aparência, danos mecânicos, coloração da casca, firmeza da polpa, ocorrência de colapso interno, escurecimento de lenticelas, danos por lesões devido ao ataque de Lasiodiplodia, Colletotrichum ou por Alternaria ou por tripes; SST, ATT e o pH da polpa. As mangas estavam aptas para o consumo por volta dos 18 DAC, tempo, mais do que suficiente para se proceder ao transporte do produto até mercados distantes, como o americano e o europeu.
Uso de suelo y biomateriales
Authors: Garraín Daniel , Vidal Rosario , Franco Vicente
Published: February 2021

A la hora de diseñar un producto realizado con materiales biodegradables, se deben tener en cuenta todos los impactos asociados a lo largo de su ciclo de vida. La mayoría de los Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) existentes sobre biopolímeros no se han ocupado de la categoría de impacto de uso del suelo. Dado que la fracción orgánica de los productos biodegradables proviene normalmente de residuos agrícolas, esta categoría surge como una cuestión medioambiental primordial debido a los impactos que producen los cultivos.En el caso de que los biopolímeros tuvieran un gran éxito en el mercado, probablemente surgiría la necesidad de plantar nuevos campos de cultivo para cubrir la demanda, causando así nuevos impactos medioambientales derivados del uso del suelo.En este estudio se hace una comparación de las metodologías disponibles para evaluar dichos impactos, empleando distintas fuentes de datos para su aplicación. Para ello se evalúa el impacto causado por una hectárea de cultivo de patatas en dos zonas de España con diferentes características: los bosques mediterráneos del Sistema Ibérico y los pastos de la región cantábrica.Los resultados vienen a mostrar que no se han desarrollado aún metodologías fiables para evaluar esta categoría de impacto.
Esbozo de la iniciativa para la conservación de la ruta huichol a Huiricuta y de sus santuarios naturales asociados (México)
Authors: Giménez de Azcárate Joaquín , Fernández Borja Humberto
Published: February 2021

De entre las diferentes rutas de peregrinación que la sociedad huichol tiene a lo largo de su geografía cultural, la ruta a Huiricuta por los sitios sagrados naturales, destaca por su jerarquía, importancia ritual y frecuencia de uso. El itinerario discurre a lo largo de los estados de Nayarit, Jalisco,  Zacatecas y San Luis Potosí, y se inserta en un mosaico de territorios con particularidades biogeográficas, históricas y culturales, cuyos principales atributos son analizados. Es sobre este escenario donde se ha puesto en marcha una iniciativa consensuada para preservar su patrimonio biológico y cultural a partir de criterios de conservación, desarrollo sostenible y defensa de derechos y cultura indígenas; ello con el fin de reivindicar el papel trascendental que juegan los itinerarios culturales y de los sitios sagrados naturales. Se presentan finalmente algunos de los logros y avances obtenidos, a través de programas, mecanismos legales y actuaciones concretas.
Caracterización del regadío en la zona regable del Valle de Lemos (Lugo, España)
Authors: Cuesta Tomas S. , Neira Xan X. , Álvarez Carlos J. , Cancela Javier José
Published: February 2021

El primer paso en la aplicación del Plan nacional de Regadíos (PNR) debe ser el análisis del uso del agua en los regadíos tradicionales. Para ello nos interesa definir las prácticas de riego habituales y evaluar la incidencia social del regadío en el ámbito rural. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el estudio realizado en la zona regable del Valle de Lemos (Lugo, España). Se ha realizado una encuesta de campo incluyendo aspectos técnicos y sociales, así como evaluaciones de riego en parcelas de ensayo repartidas entre las clases de suelos existentes. Esta zona se caracteriza por una baja eficiencia en el uso del agua, unas pérdidas importantes en la red de distribución, una estructura atomizada de la propiedad y un escaso aprovechamiento de las infraestructuras existentes. A pesar de estos inconvenientes, la existencia de una importante red de distribución y la disponibilidad de agua hacen de la modernización de este regadío tradicional un reto que debemos afrontar.
Criteria for assessing dairy farm types
Authors: Álvarez Carlos J. , Marey Manuel F. , Amiama Carlos
Published: February 2021

In Galicia and in the rest of Spain, dairy barns are going through a transition to implement the latest technologies, improve labour efficiency, and increase size. Barns with capacity for more cows are required due to the new market demands. Such barns must be perfectly defined, so that the construction of new buildings may entail reduced investment and operating costs. A wrong decision in the design phase can lead to serious financial trouble, even to the extent of making the farm economically non-viable.This study focuses in determining the factors that most strongly affect the construction costs of dairy housing, based on the most common barn designs in Galicia. Such factors are determined by implementing different indices that analyse the shape of the building.The implemented indices concern the design of the building –mainly its shape– and consider in all cases the relation of the design to the total cost and cost per item of the different constructions. Among these indices, the ‘ratio of area to perimeter squared’ or shape index (dimensionless), and elongation (ratio between the length and the width of the building), enable the determination of the shapes that are more convenient from the economic perspective. The cost of the building envelope per square meter varies as the barn area increases. The relation between the variation in the cost of the building envelope and both indices is studied for the different design options considered.With the data obtained, some guidelines are suggested in order to help project designers find the most appropriate result for their design work.
A NEW RECORD OF Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis (Trypanosomatidae) FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF COLOMBIA
Authors: Martínez Abad Lily Paola , Paternina Luis Enrique , Paternina Gómez Margaret , Pérez Doria Alveiro José , Bejarano Martínez Eduar Elías
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study wasthe identification of Leishmaniaspecies that causescutaneous leishmaniasisin a patient from Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca, on the Pacific coast of Colombia.Clinical samples were obtained from a 29 years-old male who presented a distinct ulcer with raised borders on his neck. Samples were taken for direct microscopic examination, parasite culture, and molecular identification of the infecting Leishmania species by sequencing of the cytochrome b gene. Direct examination was positive for amastigotes of Leishmaniabut the culture was negative. The infecting parasite species was identified as L. (V.) guyanensisby means of the nucleotide sequence of a 509 bp fragment of the cytochrome b gene. We report the presence of L. (V.) guyanensisin rural areas of Buenaventura in Valle del Cauca, and the expansion of the geographical distribution of this species in the Pacific region of Colombia.
TOXICIDAD DE TRES INSECTICIDAS ORGANOFOSFORADOS EN EMBRIONES DE ANUROS A DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS.
Authors: Henao Muñoz Liliana Marcela , Triana Velásquez Teófila María , Galindo Martínez Carlos Alberto , Bernal Bautista Manuel Hernando
Published: February 2021

Los efectos de diferentes agroquímicos y de la temperatura han sido temas recurrentes en la investigación en anuros; sin embargo, estas variables se han abordado de manera independiente sin considerar que pueden ejercer una presión simultánea sobre las especies. Por esta razón, este trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar la toxicidad (a través de la Concentración Letal Media -CL50) de los insecticidas organofosforados clorpirifos, diazinón y monocrotofos, bajo tres regímenes térmicos (23, 28 y 33 ± 1 °C) sobre embriones de tres especies de anuros.  De acuerdo a los valores de CL50, el insecticida clorpirifos fue el más tóxico, seguido del diazinón y del monocrotofos. Por su parte, de manera general se encontró un incremento de la toxicidad de los insecticidas organofosforados a la temperatura más alta de experimentación (33 °C). Además, el efecto de la temperatura se hizo más notorio para los organismos expuestos al clorpirifos, el insecticida más letal. Estos resultados sugieren un efecto negativo para la fauna acuática de anuros debido al actual uso desmesurado de este tipo de agroquímicos y a su interacción con la temperatura ambiental. De acuerdo a los valores de CL50, el insecticida clorpirifos fue el más tóxico, seguido del diazinón y del monocrotofos. Por su parte, de manera general se encontró un incremento de la toxicidad de los insecticidas organofosforados a la temperatura más alta de experimentación (33 °C). Además, el efecto de la temperatura se hizo más notorio para los organismos expuestos al clorpirifos, el insecticida más letal. Este resultado sugiere un efecto negativo para la fauna acuática de anuros debido al actual uso desmesurado de este tipo de agroquímicos y su interacción con la temperatura ambiental.
EXPRESIÓN DE LA PROTEÍNA CORE DEL VIRUS DE LA HEPATITIS C EN CÉLULAS HEPG2 USANDO EL VIRUS DEL BOSQUE DE SEMLIKI
Authors: Mira Catalina , Yepes Jesús Orlando , Henao Luis Felipe , Montoya Guzmán Melissa , Navas Maria-Cristina
Published: February 2021

El Virus de la Hepatitis C (VHC) codifica la proteína Core. Core, además de ser la subunidad de la cápside, participa en diferentes mecanismos de patogénesis de la infección por VHC. Dado que el sistema de replicación in vitrodel VHC presenta limitaciones, el uso de vectores virales podría ser una herramienta útil para estudiar las propiedades de la proteína Core. Con el fin de validar el vector con el Virus del Bosque de Semliki (SFV) para el estudio de Core en células HepG2, se evaluó la expresión de la proteína verde fluorescente (GFP) y la proteína Core utilizando este vector viral. Las expresiones de GFP y Core se detectaron en células HepG2 transducidas con rSFV de 24 a 96 horas postransducción. La expresión de la proteína Core fue inferior a la expresión de GFP en las células HepG2. Teniendo en cuenta que la proteína Core del VHC puede regular la actividad del gen p53, se evaluó el nivel transcripcional de este gen. Se observó una disminución en el nivel de mARN de p53 en las células luego de la transducción, comparado con las células control. Aunque las células transducidas con rSFV-Core presentaron el menor nivel de mARN de p53,la diferencia no fue significativa comparada con las células transducidas con rSFV-GFP. Los resultados confirman que rSFV permite la expresión transitoria de proteínas heterólogas en líneas celulares de hepatoma humano. Se necesitan estudios adicionales para determinar si la expresión disminuida de Core puede deberse a degradación de la proteína viral.
INFECCIÓN NATURAL POR Trypanosoma cruzi (TRYPANOSOMATIDAE) EN TRIATOMINOS INTRADOMÉSTICOS DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE GUAINÍA
Authors: Solis Medina Cesil Alfonso , Zuluaga Sara , Triana-Chávez Omar , Cantillo-Barraza Omar
Published: February 2021

La búsqueda continua de triatominos forma parte de los programas de vigilancia de la enfermedad de Chagas en zonas con características ecológicas apropiadas para la presencia del vector, permitiendo priorizar y definir las acciones de intervención. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la presencia y estado de infección de triatominos en viviendas del municipio de Inírida (Guainía). El estudio se realizó entre 2018 y 2019mediante vigilancia comunitaria y búsqueda activa. Los vectores se identificaron y evaluaron por PCR. Se recolectaron cinco triatominos (un Panstrongylus lignariusy cuatro P. geniculatus). Se evidenció la infección natural en ambas especies. La genotipificación mostró la presencia de TcI Dom.Se actualiza así la presencia e infección P. lignarius, así como la infección de P. geniculatuspara Inírida.
Detection of efflux pump genes in multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST2 in Iran
Authors: Meshkat Zahra , Salimizand Himen , Amini Yousef , Mansury Davood , Zomorodi Abolfazl Rafati , Avestan Zoleikha , Jamee Azad , Falahi Jamal , Farsiani Hadi , Mojahed Azizollah
Published: February 2021

Acinetobacter baumannii, as a nosocomial pathogen has become a worldwide concern in recent years. In the current study, the resistance to tetracyclines and colistin were assessed in the isolates from different provinces of Iran.

During the timeline of this study, a number of 270 isolates of A. baumannii were collected from tracheal aspirates, wounds, urine and blood cultures. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, tigecycline and colistin were evaluated. Tetracycline resistance genes were assessed by PCR. The mean expression level of adeB, adeJ and adeG were assessed using semi quantitative Real-Time PCR. The clonal relationship of the isolates was evaluated by the repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR), International Clonal (IC) Lineage Multiplex PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (Pasteur scheme) methods.

The MIC by microdilution method showed that 87.5, 51.4, 28, 0.74 and 0% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, tigecycline and colistin respectively. The prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes was 99.2, 99.2, 98, 86.7, 10, 3.33, 0.37, 0% for adeB, adeJ, adeG, tetB, tetA(39), tetA, tetM and tetH in tetracycline-resistant isolates. Moreover, the expression level of adeB, adeJ, adeG genes in tigecycline-nonsusceptible A. baumannii (TNAB) strain was higher compared to the tigecycline-susceptible A. baumannii (TSAB). A broad genomic diversity was revealed, but ST2 was the most prevalent ST. Our results indicated that tetracycline resistance in Iran is mediated by resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) and tetB efflux pumps.
A FORWARD GENETIC SCREEN FOR ISOLATION OF FUSION DEFECTIVE MATING TYPE MINUS MUTANTS IN CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII
Authors: AKSOY Münevver , LA Tammy , LAM Nuenyan , FOREST Charlene
Published: February 2021

Many biological processes require cell fusion, therefore defects in cell fusion result in many diseases. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an excellent model organism to study cell-cell fusion. The objective of this study was to identify genes that are involved in C. reinhardtii mating type minus (MT_) gamete fusion. A forward genetics approach was taken in our work. We created several MT_ fusion defective mutants using DNA insertional mutagenesis. These mutants were normal in the early stages of mating; they agglutinated with mating type plus (MT+), removed their walls, adhered to their mating partner through their mating structures, but the cells did not fuse, indicating that the DNA insertional mutants were defective in the latest stages of fusion. The number of insertions was confirmed by Southern blots. Mutant J1 had one insertion and the flanking genomic DNA was cloned by TAIL-PCR and RESDA-PCR. The insertion is in a gene predicted to be involved in 5-deoxystrigol biosynthesis.
Radiotheranostics: fresh impetus of personalized medicine
Authors: Rumyantsev Pavel O.
Published: February 2021

Radionuclide therapy is a radionuclide therapy based on molecular imaging using various radiopharmaceuticals (RP), allowing in vivo visualization (SPECT, PET) and selectively affecting pathological metabolic processes caused by a tumor. Using the paradigm of theranostics since the 1950s with the help of radioactive iodine, thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer have been successfully treated. In recent years, thanks to advances in the development of nuclear medicine (an increase in the number of cyclotrons, SPECT/CT and PET/CT in medical institutions) and, above all, radiopharmaceuticals, radiotherapy is developing very rapidly in the world. The emergence of new radioligands based on 177Lu, 225Ac and other radioisotopes stimulated a huge number (more than 300) clinical studies on radioligand therapy for prostate cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, pancreatic cancer, and other malignant neoplasms. One of the most promising areas of radiotherapy is the development of radioligands based on targeted anticancer drugs, which makes it possible to summarize in one radiotherapy two effects: inhibition of signaling cascades and radiation damage. Radiotechnology is multidisciplinary in nature, technologically complex, a priori integral (isotopes, radiopharmaceuticals, RFP, SPECT, PET), requires high competence and teamwork. The development of radiotherapy and the development of targeted radiopharmaceuticals in our country is in its infancy. The main problems are the lack of specialists in this field: doctors, physicists, chemists, radiopharmaceuticals, biologists, geneticists, engineers, programmers. The low awareness of doctors and patients about the possibilities of radio therapy is also a big brake on its development and introduction into clinical practice in the country.
Reconstructing the conductivity profile of a graphite block using inductance spectroscopy with data-driven techniques
Authors: Hampton J , Tesfalem H , Fletcher A , Peyton A , Brown M
Published: February 2021

The radial depth profile of the electrical conductivity of the graphite channels in the UK's advanced gas-cooled reactors (AGRs) can be reconstructed and estimated by solving a non-linear optimisation problem using the mutual inductance spectra of a set of coils. This process is slow,
as it requires many iterations of a forward solver. Alternatively, a data-driven approach can be used to provide an initial estimate for the optimisation algorithm, reducing the amount of time it takes to solve the ill-posed inverse problem. Two data-driven approaches are compared: multi-variable
polynomial regression (MVPR) and a convolutional neural network (CNN). The training data are generated using a finite element (FE) model and superimposed on a noise floor in the interval [20, 60] dB of the weakest amplitude point in the corresponding spectrum. A total of 5000 simulated datasets
are generated for training. The results on smoothed test data show that the two models have a comparable mean percentage error norm of 17.8% for the convolutional neural network and 17.3% for multivariable polynomial regression. A further 500 unsmoothed profiles are tested in order to assess
the performance of each algorithm on conductivity distributions where the conductivity of each layer is independent of another. The performance of both algorithms is then assessed on reactor-type test data. The results show that the two data-driven algorithms have a comparable performance
when estimating the electrical conductivity depth profile of a typical reactor-type distribution, as well as vast deviations. More generally, it is thought that data-driven approaches for depth profiling of some electromagnetic quantity have the potential to be applied to other ill-posed inverse
problems where speed is a priority.
A Multi-Physics Experiment with a Temporary Dense Seismic Array on the Argentière Glacier, French Alps: The RESOLVE Project
Authors: Gimbert Florent , Nanni Ugo , Roux Philippe , Helmstetter Agnès , Garambois Stéphane , Lecointre Albanne , Walpersdorf Andréa , Jourdain Bruno , Langlais Mickael , Laarman Olivier , Lindner Fabian , Sergeant Amandine , Vincent Christian , Walter Fabian
Published: February 2021

Recent work in the field of cryo-seismology demonstrates that high-frequency (>1  Hz) seismic waves provide key constraints on a wide range of glacier processes, such as basal friction, surface crevassing, or subglacial water flow. Establishing quantitative links between the seismic signal and the processes of interest, however, requires detailed characterization of the wavefield, which, at high frequencies, necessitates the deployment of large and dense seismic arrays. Although dense seismic array monitoring has recently become increasingly common in geophysics, its application to glaciated environments remains limited. Here, we present a dense seismic array experiment made of 98 three-component seismic stations continuously recording during 35 days in early spring 2018 on the Argentière Glacier, French Alps. The seismic dataset is supplemented with a wide range of complementary observations obtained from ground-penetrating radar, drone imagery, Global Navigation Satellite Systems positioning, and in situ measurements of basal glacier sliding velocities and subglacial water discharge. We present first results through conducting spectral analysis, template matching, matched-field processing, and eikonal-wave tomography. We report enhanced spatial resolution on basal stick slip and englacial fracturing sources as well as novel constraints on the heterogeneous nature of the noise field generated by subglacial water flow and on the link between crevasse properties and englacial seismic velocities. We outline in which ways further work using this dataset could help tackle key remaining questions in the field.
Source Characteristics of the 2020 Mw 7.4 Oaxaca, Mexico, Earthquake Estimated from GPS, InSAR, and Teleseismic Waveforms
Authors: Wen Yangmao , Xiao Zhuohui , He Ping , Zang Jianfei , Liu Yang , Xu Caijun
Published: February 2021

On 23 June 2020, an Mw 7.4 earthquake struck offshore Oaxaca, Mexico, providing a unique opportunity to understand the seismogenic tectonics of the Mexican subduction zone. In this study, near-field coseismic deformation caused by the event was retrieved from Global Positioning System (GPS) observations and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements. Given static geodetic measurements, high-rate GPS waveforms, and teleseismic waveforms, the fault geometry and rupture process for the 2020 Oaxaca earthquake were robustly determined by nonlinear joint inversions. The main slip was located at a depth of 20–30 km with a peak slip of 3.4 m near the epicenter. The total released moment was 1.70×1020  N·m, corresponding to Mw 7.4. The whole rupture process lasted 14 s, with the dominant rupture slip occurring 5–8 s after initial rupture. The mainshock rupture mostly occurred along the fault strike, covering a size of ∼55  km(along strike)×∼35  km(along dip) and totally overlapping with the 1965 Mw 7.5 rupture zone. We speculate that this 2020 earthquake is a repeat event following that in 1965. Fluid percolation under the slab may be one of the key factors affecting the seismogenic depth in the Oaxaca region.
A study on treatment outcomes in MDR-TB patients on long term regimen in West Godavari district
Authors: Vasavi Gedela , Neerugatti Banerji , Kumar Chiranjeevi Uday , Jagannadha Rao Hari
Published: February 2021

Background: MDR-TB is defined as a TB patient whose biological specimen is resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin with or without resistant to other first line drugs, based on results from quality assured laboratory. The main aim of this study was to study the treatment outcomes of longer regimen for MDR-TB patients.Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study. After obtaining ethical committee approval from Institutional ethics committee, data was collected from district TB centre from 2011-2016. Outcomes of a regimen is measured in terms of cured, treatment completed, number of defaulters, treatment failure, number of patients shifted to XDR-TB regimen, number of patients died for patients on longer regimen of MDR-TB. The collected data was entered in Microsoft excel 2007 and analysed using SPSS version 20 software.Results: Out of 211 patients, 167 were males and 44 were females. The total numbers of patients registered from rural areas were 123 and from urban areas were 88. The association between geographical distribution and treatment outcome was measured using Chi-square test and X2=12.1026, p=0.0005 which was significant. Out of 211 patients registered, 87 (41.2%) were cured of disease, 55 (26%) died, 2 (0.9%) patients shifted to XDR. 18 (8.5%) patients were defined as defaulters and 2 (0.9%) patients were defined as treatment failures.Conclusions: Our study findings have indicated that treatment outcomes in drug resistant TB may be influenced by rural and urban distribution.
Measurement of endothelial function using photoplethysmography with continuous correction approach: a pilot study
Authors: Buyukaksu Murat , Sircan-Kucuksayan Aslinur , Canpolat Murat
Published: February 2021

Background: Photoplethysmography flow-mediated dilatation (PPG-FMD) is an endothelial function measurement tool, and its use is increasing as it is easy to apply and relatively inexpensive. The analysis protocol of PPG-FMD has not yet been standardized. This study aimed to define the continuous correction method in PPG-FMD analysis and interpret the results obtained from a healthy population.Methods: The study population consisted of 30 healthy persons. Endothelial function measurement was done with the PPG-FMD method. In the correction process of the PPG signal, a continuous (element-wise) correction approach was defined and applied. PPG-dilation indexes (PPG-DI) were calculated for each subject, and its correlation with demographic and anthropometric data were analyzed. Finally, the study group was divided into subgroups, and endothelial function results were compared.Results: The median PPG-DI (IQR) value of the whole study group was 112% (60). The Pearson correlation coefficients (r) obtained in the analysis were as follows; r=-0.6278 for age, r=-0.4635 for BMI, r=-0.4628 for waist circumference, r=-0.4207 for systolic blood pressure, r=-0.2804 for diastolic blood pressure. In the subgroup analysis, groups with older age, high BMI, male sex, smoker, and high waist circumference had lower PPG-DI results.Conclusions: PPG-FMD could be a good alternative in the endothelial function measurement, with its operator-independent and easily applicable nature. Although the measurement protocol is similar to USG-FMD, PPG-FMD contains much more technical details during the analysis process. We introduced a novel signal correction method, and we believe that this will be a basis for future studies on this subject.
Evaluation of Bohicon cotton ginning factory workers respiratory health using chest radiography
Authors: Hounsossou Hubert C. , Ahouansou Patricia Yekpe , Bonou Malomon A. , Babadjide Nazifatou R. , Tidjani Napelis M. O. , Biaou Olivier
Published: February 2021

Background: Chest radiography is widely used to monitoring the occupational lung disease caused by the inhalation or ingestion of dust particles. Our goal was to explore the respiratory system disease among cotton ginning workers at Bohicon using radiography.Methods: We performed cross-sectional descriptive from February 25 to June 11, 2015. It included 110 cotton ginners selected from the 416 workers of ginning factory.  The study participant underwent a survey and a postero-anterior chest X-ray, respectively. Radiographic examinations were performed with a conventional radiographic device. The radiograms were acquired on analog and were developed with automatic processor. The interpretation has been performed by a radiologist. We performed the data analysis with Epi Info 6.5 software.Results: The mean age of our sample is 33.96±4.22 years with a minimum age of 19 and a maximum of 56 years. Also, it should be noted that 89.1% of workers had between one year and 10 years of work experience. Chest tightness and cough are the most respiratory symptoms raised among its workers. 78.18% of workers said they had cough and 55.45 admitted to having chest tightness. Bronchial lesion was the most observed (70.90%) followed by plural lesion (07.26%). Only seven (07) over 110 (7.28%) participants had a lung lesion.Conclusions: In according our result, chest radiography could be used to respiratory health monitoring for the highlighting bronchial, lung and pleural lesion. A large case-control study will be performed to confirm our findings about this population.
An Overview on the Brazilian Digital Payment System: Legal, Business and Technological Aspects
Authors: Farias Novaes André Luiz , Hartmann Ivar
Published: February 2021

A adoção de novos meios de pagamento digitais traz benefícios significativos aos consumidores e à sociedade, tal como aumento da eficiência e competição, inclusão e expansão do mercado financeiro, e mais inovação, de acordo com o IMF em Digital Currencies: The Rise of Stablecoins, 2019. O mercado de pagamentos digitais é uma indústria de U$ 3.0 trilhões, correspondendo por 13% do comércio mundial, e mais do que dobrará de tamanho até 2022, informa a McKinsey report Global payments 2018: A dynamic industry continues to break new ground, 2018. Embora seja um mercado com boas perspectivas, o Sistema de Pagamentos Digitais (SPD) não é um tema de pesquisa em foco na academia, com uma literatura ainda em estado embrionário, de tal modo que não captura a tendência atual no mercado mundial. Através de um panorama extenso, mas não-exaustivo, esse artigo busca: desenvolver a literatura na área focando nas frentes de regulação, tecnologia e negócios; nivelar mercado e academia, através de uma análise compreensiva de KPIs usuais e estatísticas descritivas, estabelecendo um paralelo com a literatura recente em SPD; e, finalmente, descrever os desafios e oportunidades para o desenvolvimento do SPD tanto no mercado quanto na academia.
The Role of Low Energy Electrons in Radiobiology and Cancer Treatment
Authors: Esmaili Sasan , Allaveisi Farzaneh
Published: February 2021

Low energy radiation can be produced by all types of high energy radiation. Studies of low energy particle radiation help us to understand the chemistry induced by high energy radiations. Low energy electrons are capable of chemical selectivity in contrast to high energy electrons due to the large number of open dissociative channels in the former case and their resonant nature. Among different types of radiation, low energy electrons have a higher cross-section to DNA damage and they have an important role in the synergistic effect between radiation and chemotherapy anticancer agents in cancer treatment. Analysis of these combined records helps assign function of cells, identify metabolic and regulatory pathways and suggest targets for diagnostics and therapeutics identify animal models to develop new drugs, among other goals of biomedical interest.
Electromagnetic Field Shielding in Incubators
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Amin , Bazzi Afsane , Cheldavi Ahmad , Saviz Seyed Mehrdad
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Cell experiments are vitally dependent on CO2 incubators. The heating system of usual incubators result in undesirable induction of Electromagnetic (EM) fields on cells that result in decreased accuracy in bio-electromagnetic tests. EM shields can cause a considerable decrease in the stray fields and eliminate the undesirable induction.
Materials and Methods: CST-2019 is used for simulations. five different shielding systems have been examined in this paper. We try to modify shape and material used for shielding to achieve better result. (Iron, Mu-Metal, steel).
Results: We introduce a simple practical design, together with variations of previously reported ones, and numerical evaluation of their magnetic field attenuation.
Conclusion: The targeted design decreases the field within the shield to about 0.03 times of the incident magnetic field, while having holes for air and CO2 exchange.
Improving the Computational Complexity of Artificial Ultrasound Imaging Using a Combination of Independent Component Analysis and Adaptive Filter
Authors: Fathi Mohammad , Setarehdan Seyed Kamaledin , Nowshiravan Rahatabad Fereidoon , Jafarnia Dabanloo Nader
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The artificial aperture imaging method owns a good contrast in the data recording and imaging process. However, this method is very time consuming that prevents its practical implementation.
Materials and Methods: In this paper, the separated waveforms are sent by two elements together, instead of a single element, and the combination of the methods of independent component analysis and adaptive filtering both are used to extract different components in the received echoes. The obtained result illustrates that the imaging is performed in less time, and the computational complexity of this method is declined.
Results and Conclusion: The proposed algorithm has been evaluated on two sets of simulated data and experimental data. The results indicate that the proposed method in the point phantom mode is only 1.5% worse in the resolution than the conventional artificial aperture method. Also, from the contrasting viewpoint, the proposed method has made the CR parameter worse by about 1.34dB than the conventional artificial aperture method. These adverse points of resolution and contrast in the proposed method are neglected than the conventional artificial aperture method because of a slight decrease in image quality than the artificial aperture method. However, the proposed method improves the computational complexity by 45% than the conventional artificial aperture method. As a result, it has brought the researchers closer to the practical implementation of artificial aperture imaging.
The Improvement of a Brain Computer Interface Based on EEG Signals
Authors: Khakpour Maryam
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Brain Computer Interface (BCI) has provided a novel way of communication that can significantly revolutionize life of people suffering from disabilities. Motor Imagery (MI) EEG BCI is one of the most promising solutions to address. The main phases of such systems include signal acquisition, pre-processing, feature extraction, classification and the intended interface. The challenging obstacles in such systems are to detect and extract efficient features that present reliability and robustness alongside promising classification accuracy. In this paper it is endeavored to present a robust method for a two-class MI BCI that results in high accuracy.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the dataset 2b from BCI competition 2008, consisting of three channels (C3, C and Cz), was utilized. Firstly, the signals were bandpass filtered. Secondly, Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) was employed and then a number of features, including non-linear chaotic features were extracted from channels C3 and C4. After feature selection phase the number of features were reduced to 38 and 47. Finally, these features were fed into two classifiers, namely Support Vector Machine classifier (SVM) and Bagging to evaluate the performance of the system.
Results: Classification accuracy and Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of the proposed method for two MI EEG channels are 96.40% and 0.92, respectively.
Conclusion: These results indicate the high accuracy and stability of our method in comparison with similar studies. Therefore, it can be a promising approach in two-class MI BCI systems.
sectores dominantes en el Ecuador posneoliberal
Authors: Stoessel Soledad
Published: February 2021

Este artículo reconstruye el debate académico en torno a los sectores dominantes en Ecuador del ciclo posneoliberal (2007-2017). El objetivo es rastrear los enfoques teóricos y hallazgos que proponen los trabajos científicos en ciencias sociales sobre las élites económicas durante los gobiernos comandados por Rafael Correa. En esta etapa, el retorno estatal, la exclusión del capital privado en la toma de decisiones públicas y los procesos de redistribución social, debilitaron la influencia política, mas no necesariamente la económica, de ciertas élites, en especial las comprometidas con el neoliberalismo. La literatura al respecto se divide en aquella que atiende la dimensión agencial, la que analiza la dimensión estructural y la preocupada por el proceso político en clave relacional.