bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT DENGAN PENERIMAAN VAKSIN COVID 19 DI KECAMATAN WUA WUA KOTA KENDARI TAHUN 2021
Authors: Suhadi  , Lade Albar Kalza  , La Ode Liaumin Azim
Published: February 2022

Covid -19 are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from mild to severe symptoms. There are at least two types of coronavirus that are known to cause diseases that can cause severe symptoms such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). To find out the relationship between Knowledge and Public Perception in Receiving the Covid 19 Vaccine in Wua Wua District, Kendari City. Quantitative desain research with cross sectional approach. The research population is all people living in Wua-Wua District, Kendari City. Sampling was based on proportional random sampling technique. With a total sample of 99 respondents. The results of the chi square statistical test to test there is a relationship between knowledge and vaccine information obtained a value of = 0.026. There is no relationship between knowledge and economic status, the value = 0.639. There is no relationship between knowledge and access, the value = 0.116. The Wua-wua District Government is expected to coordinate with the Puskesmas to provide akuration complete information related to the safety of vaccine use, effectiveness and equitable distribution of vaccines.
ENSURING SEISMIC STABILITY OF THE VIBRATION-INSULATED FOUNDATION OF THE TURBINE UNIT
Authors: Тарасов В.А.
Published: February 2022

Статья содержит результаты анализа вариантов конструкции виброизолированного фундамента быстроходного турбоагрегата, работающего в условиях повышенной сейсмической активности. При проведении исследования были созданы пять различных рас­четных моделей, соответствующих различным конструктивным решениям в области виброизоляции фундамента турбоагрега­та. Моделирование и расчеты проводились в программе «NASTRAN». Основными расчетными характеристиками, используемыми для сравнительного анализа альтернативных вариантов конструктивных решений, явились: ускорения на фундаменте; пиковые сейсмические ускорения в спектре; наибольшие деформации изолирующих элементов. Сделан вывод о предпочтительности варианта конструктивного решения, предполагающего использование в опорах конденсаторов демпферов вместе с пружинными изоляторами повышенной горизонтальной жесткости, а в опорах фундамента турбоагрегата — комбинацию пружинных и пружинно-демпферных изоляторов.
PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS FROM TSUNAMI IN SEISMICALLY DANGEROUS AREAS
Authors: Белаш Т.А. , Нудьга И.Б. , Яковлев А.Д.
Published: February 2022

Значительная часть России подвержена различным природным бедствиям. Более того, на территории России есть районы, под­верженные нескольким опасным природным явлениям одновременно. Так на восточном побережье Российской Федерации существует высокая опасность землетрясений и волн цунами. Но в то же время, данный район представляет большой интерес для развития. Для решения задачи по обеспечению безопасности временно проживающих в данном районе людей предложено ряд небольших мало­этажных зданий располагать на автомобильной эстакаде. В статье описаны результаты по изучению сейсмостойкости такой кон­струкции. Установлены зависимости сейсмостойкости конструкции от ее геометрических и жесткостных параметров, а также даны рекомендации по их выбору
METHODS FOR INCREASING STABILITY OF INCLINATIONS AND SLOPES
Authors: Хомяков В.А. , Еменов Ю.М.
Published: February 2022

По результатам предварительного обследования состояния откосов и склонов в предгорных районах города Алматы (Казахстан) и изучения инженерно-геологических условий выделены наиболее характерные участки развития оползневых процессов. Исходя из специфики их геологического строения и физико-механических параметров грунтов, даны варианты по обеспечению устойчиво­сти склонов и откосов различной конфигурации и крутизны. Расчетным обоснованием подтверждена эффективность предлагаемых методов и даны конкретные конструктивные мероприятия
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS FOR THE DESIGN OF EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW GENERATION
Authors: Гурьев В.В. , Дорофеев В.М.
Published: February 2022

Рассматриваются вопросы состава норм проектирования сейсмостойкого строительства нового поколения как в области задания сейсмической опасности по данным общего и детального сейсмического районирования, а также микросейсморайонирования, так и в области применения моделей и методов расчета зданий и сооружений на сейсмические воздействия. Указана необходимость пере­хода оценки сейсмической опасности от макросейсмической шкалы MSK-64 к макросейсмической шкале МШИЗ-18. Приведена тре­бующаяся для расчетов зданий и сооружений сейсмологическая информация и предложена форма ее представления в нормативном документе. Отмечена важность установления связи предельных состояний конструкций с категориями технического состояния объектов при сейсмическом воздействии нормированного уровня, упорядочения использования тех или иных моделей и методов рас­чета для разных типов зданий и сооружений, в том числе с учетом их ответственности, представления связи используемых моделей и методов расчета зданий и сооружений с приведенной в нормах сейсмологической информацией.
SEISMIC ISOLATION OF BRIDGES
Authors: Курбацкий Е.Н. , Титов Е.Ю. , Баев Л.В.
Published: February 2022

Мосты, и в особенности мосты большепролетные, являются уязвимыми при воздействии землетрясений и получают серьезные по­вреждения, а иногда и разрушаются при сильных землетрясениях. Сейсмоизолирующие устройства позволяют существенно осла­бить воздействия землетрясений на мосты. Поэтому инженеры, проектирующие и сооружающие мосты в районах с повышенной сейсмической активностью, должны уметь применять различные типы сейсмоизоляторов, которые необходимо использовать в та­ких условиях. В работе приведены конструкции современных сейсмоизолирующих устройств для мостов и требования к ним.Для оценки влияния параметров сейсмоизоляции на реакцию моста на землетрясение используются специальные спектры ответов в виде зависимости спектра максимальных ускорений от максимальных перемещений, о которых в российских нормативных доку­ментах даже не упоминается.Анализируется реакция сооружений на сейсмические воздействия при использовании сейсмоизолирующих устройств. Рассмотрены основные типы сейсмоизолирующих опорных частей, получившие наиболее широкое применение на практике в последние годы, а так­же их математические модели.В СП «Транспортные сооружения в сейсмических районах» о сейсмоизоляции мостов нет ни слова. Антисейсмические устройства мостов «стопоры» и «буферы» не имеют никакого отношения к сейсмоизоляции.Считаем, что необходимо разработать СП, в котором должны быть изложены рекомендации, методы расчета и требования к сейс­моизолирующим устройствам для мостов и других сооружений.
CONSTRUCTIVE-TECHNOLOGICAL MEASURES FOR IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF SEISMIC PROTECTION OF THE ASSEMBLY-MONOLITHIC FRAMES OF CIVIL BUILDINGS IN CRIMEA
Authors: Шаленный В.Т.
Published: February 2022

В работе рассматривается проблема обеспечения надежности эксплуатации проектируемых зданий и сооружений в сейсмоопасных районах, к которым отнесена и Республика Крым. Показаны возможные пути совершенствования технологии монтажа конструк­ций кинематических систем изоляции, разработанных и апробированных проф. Курзановым А. М. и инж. Семеновым С. Ю. В случаях использования традиционной сейсмозащиты предлагаются конструктивно-технологические решения сборно-монолитного каркаса повышенной жесткости, обеспечивающейся монолитными сопряжениями его несущих элементов со сборными заполнениями стен и перекрытий из легких материалов.
DANGEROUS GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN DAGESTAN AND THE PROSPECTS OF THEIR STUDY
Authors: Мамаев С.А. , Юсупов А.Р. , Идрисов И.А. , Ибаев Ж.Г. , Мамаев А.С. , Сулейманов В.К.
Published: February 2022

Дагестан отличается широким распространением опасных геологических процессов (ОГП). Для отдельных участков региона вероят­ны резкие катастрофические процессы переформирования рельефа, причины которых могут быть различными. Среди причин боль­шую роль играют нестационарные процессы (землетрясения, техногенное воздействие, изменение климата, ливневые осадки и др.). Формирование крупных и сверхкрупных оползней региона может происходить вне связи с сейсмическими процессами. Потепление климата ведет к таянию ледников и запасов снега в высокогорье. Это приводит к формированию приледниковых озер и накоплению в них воды, что повышает вероятность формирования оползней, селей гляциального и гляциально-ливневого генезиса. К примеру та­кому оползню можно отнести самый молодой Дюльтычайский оползень сошедший в 2019 г. и образовавшееся в результате озеро. Для снижения таких опасностей необходимо провести мониторинг всех таких озер, локализовать скопления воды в их толще и пу­тем последовательного подрыва карнизов и стенок этих скоплений осуществить регулируемый спуск воды до достижения крити­ческих объемов. В настоящее время опасным геологическим процессам подвержена территория 362 населенных пунктов Дагестана, а суммарная площадь составляет более 6 тыс. км2. Для Дагестана, где сохраняется высокая плотность населения, вопросы снижения ущерба от опасных геологических процессов, в том числе оползневого процесса, особенно актуальны. Стихийно бесконтрольно воз­веденные дома на оползневых участках, к примеру в с. Бацада [1], лишний раз указывает необходимость прогноза ОГП и контроля строительства.
INSPECTION OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF APARTMENT BUILDINGS IN THE KATAV-IVANOVSK CITY BY SEISMIC METHODS
Authors: Воскресенский М.Н.
Published: February 2022

Статья посвящена описанию применения сейсмических методов для решения прикладных задач в инженерной геофизики, в частно­сти, обследование зданий и сооружений. После случившегося интенсивного сейсмического события в начале осени 2018 года близ города Катав-Ивановск, руководство города и района приняли решение проверить техническое состояние многоквартирных жилых домов. Выполнен анализ по результатам наблюдений и измерений типовой застройки на примере пятиэтажных панельных домов. В ре­зультате проведения исследовательских работ подтверждено соответствие динамических характеристик допустимым значениям, описанным в нормативных документах.
STUDIES OF CALCULATED SNOW COVER WEIGHT AND ALTITUDE COEFFICIENT VALUES IN MOUNTAINOUS AND POORLY STUDIED AREAS TO DETERMINE THE LOADS ON BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
Authors: Аджиев А.Х. , Беккиев М.Ю. , Кондратьева Н.В. , Юрченко Н.В. , Акбиев Р.Т.
Published: February 2022

Приведены результаты определения нормативного значения веса снегового покрова и изменения с высотой местности веса снега для проектируемых объектов Горно-металлургического комбината «Удокан» на высотах от 600 до 2000м. Для определения расчет­ной нагрузки снега на здания и сооружения на территории создания объекта использовались ряды ежегодных максимумов запаса воды в снежном покрове, полученные в результате снегомерных маршрутных наблюдений на высокогорных метеостанциях, расположенных вблизи от проектируемых объектов. По данным метеостанций построена регрессионная линейная модель зависимости водозапаса в снежном покрове от высоты над уровнем моря. Основным расчетным методом нахождения коэффициентов линейного уравнения является метод наименьших квадратов. Выявлено, что при увеличении высоты над уровнем моря на 1 м водозапас в снежном покрове увеличивается примерно на 0,1 мм.
Implementasi metode Karyawisata Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Amin M. Nurois
Published: February 2022

Elementary school age children are a period of play and activity for students and need movement in learning activities and interact directly with what is being learned. In reality, many learning activities in elementary schools still use the teacher center approach, namely the teacher as a source of knowledge. In the learning process, teachers in conveying learning competencies in the classroom using the lecture method and have not optimally utilized the surrounding environment in learning. The use of methods that are too frequent and the place of learning that is always in the class makes students bored in participating in learning. In the early learning activities the students looked enthusiastic, but a few minutes after entering the core lesson the students seemed to be playing alone due to boredom, as a result the student's learning achievement was not optimal. The problems above are classical problems that occur in every elementary school
Kajian Kebijakan Pendidikan dalam Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional
Authors: Imam Rohani
Published: February 2022

Keberlangsungan pendidikan dalam sebuah Negara tidak terlepas dari kebijakan-kebijakan yang diterapkan oleh Pemerintah setempat. Persoalan utama dalam pembahasan ini adalah apa sajakah kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia di bidang pendidikan yang tertuang dalam Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang menyertainya, dan menemukan apa saja yang muncul seiring dengan pemberlakuan Undang-Undang tersebut serta bagaimana solusi pemecahannya. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa kebijakan pendidikan nasional yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 2003 hingga 2010. Kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut adalah: 1) Standar Nasional Pendidikan yang kemudian menetapkan delapan standar nasional; 2) Wajib belajar sembilan tahun yang sering dianggap masyarakat sebagai sekolah gratis; 3) Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan yang didasarkan pada Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi dan semangat otonomi daerah; 4) Pengelolaan pendidikan dalam bentuk Badan Hukum Pendidikan yang kemudian dibatalkan; 5) Pendanaan pendidikan; 6) Sertifikasi bagi guru dan dosen; dan 7) Kebijakan penataan dalam penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Agama dan Pendidikan Keagamaan. Permasalahan yang muncul seiring dengan pemberlakuan berbagai kebijakan nasional di bidang pendidikan di Indonesia juga cukup banyak. Berbagai pemecahan sudah ditempuh untuk menyelesaikan problem-problem tersebut. Karena perbedaan situasi dan kondisi di masing-masing daerah tempat pelaksanaan berbagai kebijakan pendidikan, maka masih banyak problem yang belum teratasi dengan tuntas dan masih terus diupayakan.
Pendidikan Dalam Pemikiran Ibnu Khuldun Dan Kh Ahmad Dahlan (Sebagai Refleksi Sistem Pendidikan Islam Indonesia Di Era Perkembangan)
Authors: Yunia Sari Nia
Published: February 2022

The era of modernization is an era where developments and changes cover all aspects of human life. The development of the times seemed to continue running and make a change that is so obvious. Every human who lives in this era seems to continue to experience spontaneous changes whether consciously or unconsciously. These developments and changes permeate all aspects of life, including those in the aspect of education. Education in the modern era continues to improve, educational actors are competing to improve the quality of education according to their development, following the times, following the wishes of the people who are currently very "literate" about the times. In this modern era, education is a very important thing to be mastered by every individual. The community is competing to get their children into schools that are considered qualified to get a decent education. Speaking of contemporary or modern education in Indonesia, is inseparable from the portrait of the thoughts of educational leaders who brought it into modern education as it is today. Indonesia's education formulation was formed based on educational thought by educational figures as the forerunner to the birth of education and continues to develop into the present. And it should be noted that in its development, the Indonesian education system is inseparable from history and one of them is about Indonesian education figures who should not be forgotten as a reflection of the Indonesian education system in this modern era.
Penerapan Hybrid Learning dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Kontekstual
Authors: Qomariyah Darul lailatul
Published: February 2022

The study is aimed to know how to implement Hybrid Learning in contextual Islamic studies learning in high school. Hybrid Learning means the measurable combination between in-person and distance learning. Contextual Islamic studies learning aims to facilitate the students to actualize and internalize the values contained in Islamic studies by learning experiences during the learning process. This study offers some steps to do to implement Hybrid Learning in contextual Islamic studies learning. The implementation of Hybrid Learning in contextual Islamic studies needs to be tested, observed, and evaluated to make it successful at the future.
Industri 4.0 dan Pendidikan (Upaya Perguruan Tinggi dalam Mempersiapkan Kelulusan yang Siap Terhadap Gencaran Serangan Revolusi Industri 4.0)
Authors: Sari Nia Yunia
Published: February 2022

The society will always continue to change along with the times. And changes that occur in these communities are natural and unavoidable, although that the changes between one community and another will be different. Likewise with the modernization process. The modernization in certain societies will be different from other societies both in the process and in acceptance depending on the needs and desires of the community itself. Changes that occur in these societies are modernization process that will handcuff the community to consumerist culture, hedonism and others. Modernization is a form of society social change from a traditional society to a developed society following the development of other society which are considered to be more advanced and developing first. Era 4.0 is where the current development are running so fast and rapid. Era 4.0 brought much of changes with all its effect. The world community is always changing so fast. The change was dramatic at exponential speed. Changes that are very influential in several sektors of human life. And nothing can be separated from this change. The entry of the 4.0 era in people’s lives is colored with artificial intelligence, the era of super computers, genetic engineering, nanothecnology, innovation, etc. where sophisticated technology such as the internet of things, wearables, robotic and 3D printing enters all sektors of the industri and involves various stakeholders ranging from institution, governments, industri association, businesses, technology providers, research institutions and also education. The world of education is also inseparable from the grip of the 4.0 era modernization. Now a days, education runs fast in catching up with the times, following modernization. However, with this relity the community must be smart in choosing which of the modernization processes will be able to change society for the better, so that the benefits of modernization can be felt positively.
Kedudukan Keteapan MPR Pasca Amandemen Konstitusi
Authors: Rooza Meilia Anggraini
Published: February 2022

Abstract

After the amendment of UUD 1945, MPR is no longerthe highest state institution in Indonesia. This change had an effect on the function of the MPR. MPR just like a joint forum between the DPR and DPD. Amendments of UUD 1945 produce Institutions in horizontal functional relations, not in vertical structural relationships. This certainly has an impact on the legal products issued by the MPR, namely the TAP MPR. Then the legal products that can be outlined in the TAP MPR are only determination (beschikking), for example the determination of someone elected to be President and/or Vice President. Therefore the MPR regulation which is regulating as in the past will nolonger exist. But on the other hand the re-inclusion of the TAP MPR in the hierarchy of laws will lead to new problems,  how to purpose judisial review ofTAP MPR if it contradicts with the UUD 1945, while the authority of the Constitutional Court is limited to testing the Law to the Constitution. And till nowthere are not specific provisions to solve that. One way that can be doing is through legislative review conducted by that institution.

 

Abstrak

Pasca diamandemennya Undang Undang Dasar Tahun 1945, MPR tidak lagi menjadi lembaga tertinggi Negara. Perubahan ini membawa akibat pada fungsi MPR yang menjadi sebuah forum gabungan join session  antara DPR dan DPD. Amandemen UUD 1945 menghasilkan Lembaga Negara dalam hubungan funsional yang horizontal, bukan dalam hubungan structural vertical. Hal ini tentu berdampak kepada produk hukum yang dikeluarkan oleh MPR, yakni Ketetapan MPR. Maka produk hukum yang dapat dituangkan dalam ketetapan MPR hanyan keputusan yang bersifat penetapan (beschikking) saja misalnya penetapan seseorang terpilih menjadi Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden. Dengan demikian Ketetapan MPR yang bersifat mengatur  (regiling) seperti di masa lalu tidak aka ada lagi. Namun disisi lain kembali dimasukkannya TAP MPR dalam hirarki peraturan perundang undangan akan menimbulkan permasalahan baru, yakni bagaimana melakukan pengujian materi terhadap TAP MPR jika bertentangan dengan UUD 1945, sedangkan wewenang Mahkamah Konstitusi hanya terbatas sampai pada pengujian Undang Undang terhadap UUD. Dan sampai saat ini belum ada ketentuan khusus baik di  tingkat UUD maupun Undang Undang lainnya yang menerangkan tentang pengujian materi terhadap TAP MPR. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan yaitu melalui legislative review yang dilakukan lembaga itu sendiri dengan cara dibatalkan atau diubah melalui TAP MPR juga.
The Relationship between Social Exchange Variables and In-Role Performance, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Commitment: Evidence from Israeli Community Centers
Authors: Cohen Aaron , Blecher Liat
Published: February 2022

Community centers provide invaluable services for local communities worldwide. This study examines the relationships between social exchange variables (affection toward supervisors, job satisfaction, distributive justice, and psychological contract violation) and in-role performance, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and commitment forms (community center, job, and the local community). The target population consisted of employees from 24 community centers working for national nonprofit organizations in Israel. A total of 176 questionnaires were distributed, and 129 employees returned usable questionnaires (a response rate of 73%). Supervisors provided information on in-role performance and OCB. The findings show that affection toward supervisors has a strong positive relationship with the three investigated commitment forms and altruistic OCB. Further, psychological contract violation has a negative relationship with in-role performance and OCB. Therefore, we conclude that the process of social exchange represents an important mechanism for increasing in-role performance, OCB, and commitment.
PERBEDAAN INFORMASI CITRA SEKUEN THICK-SLAB SINGLE-SHOT FAST SPIN ECHO (SS-FSE) DAN SEKUEN 3D-FAST SPIN ECHO (FSE) PADA PEMERIKSAAN MAGNETIC RESONANCE CHOLANGIOPANCREATICOGRAPHY (MRCP)
Authors: Anisa Nur Istiqomah  , 2Hermina Sukmaningtyas  , Luthfi Rusyadi
Published: February 2022

Backgroud:There are sequences that have the same image and assessment functions are sequences thick-slab SS- FSE and 3D-FSE. Each hospital uses a different sequences for MRCP examination. Based on the different uses of these sequences carried out research with the aim to determine differences in image information thick-slab SS- FSE and 3D-FSE sequences and also to see better sequence for MRCP examination.

Methods: Type of this research is quantitative with observation approach. Ten patient have diagnose system biliaris and pancreas disease undergo MRCP with thick-slab SS-FSE and 3D-FSE sequence. Assessment images information using questionnaire that were read by three radiologist. Inter observer agreement examined by Cohen’s Kappa test. Analysis to discover the different of anatomy information, conspicuity of lesion, and artifact using cross tabulation and Wilcoxon test. To discover better sequence observe the mean rank of wilcoxon test.

Results: Result of this research demonstrate that there’s significantly different between sequence thick-slab SSFSE and 3D-FSE toward anatomy information p=0,010; conspicuity of lesion p=0,013; artifact p=0,008; Cystic Duct p=0,157; intra hepatic duct p=0,405.

Conclusion:There are significant image informationdifferences of Thick-slab SS-FSE and 3D-FSE sequences in MRCP examination.Better sequence for MRCP examination is thick-slab SS-FSE because short acquisition time and less artifact also showing conspicuity of lesion clearly. Sequence 3D-FSE still used to see small ductus as intra hepatic duct.
TEKNIK PEMERIKSAAN USG GINJAL PADA KLINIS HYDRONEPHROSIS : STUDI KASUS
Authors: Gando Sari  , Nursama Heru  , Darusalam
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Hydronephrosis is a renal swelling due to urine buildup. Symptom of hydronephrosis is according to acute or chronis blockage, partly or all of renal, happened unilateral or bilateral. Blockage happened on urethra causes of illness from uretha distention. Urine can not flow by normally as usually as make new infection which could be stone renal and bleeding on urine. If blockage happened, it causes of failure renal. To evalution hydronephrosis can do by ultrasonografi examination.

Keywords : Hydronephrosis, ultrasonografi (USG), renal, uretha.
PERUBAHAN VOLUME TUMOR POST-RADIASI EKSTERNA PADA PASIEN KANKER NASOFARING
Authors: Aidilawarti K. S.  , Guntur Winarno  , Asumsie Tarigan  , Moh. Haris
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The radiotherapists provides fractional treatment effectively and efficiently. The expected radiation response can be achieved for tumor volume change so that the principle in radiotherapy is to kill as many cancer cells as possible. However, due to the prognostic factors that may affect the radiation response such as Epstein-Barr Virus, TNM stage system, primary tumor, patient age, sex, type of treatment, and histopathology.

Objective: This study is intended to analyze changes in the volume of external post-radiation tumors in nasopharyngeal cancer patients.

Methods: This study is a descriptive quantitative study to determine changes in tumor volume from pro-radiation to post-radiation in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer. The sample used was the secondary data which belongs to Radiotherapy Installation at Dharmais Cancer Hospital Jakarta in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer in 2017. The study sample was taken on subjects who meet the criteria of inclusion and exclusion.

Results: From the 51 study samples, the results are obtained based on stages, post-radiation tumor volume changes from stage II, III, and IV by 206.56643cc, 135.81397cc, and 168.83302cc. By sex, post-radiation tumor volume changes of male and female sexes were 174,18946cc and 176,02196cc. By age, post-radiation tumor volume changes in the age group 20-39 years, 40-49 years and> 50 years of 183.42215cc, 175.36875cc, and 166.95548cc.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the largest tumor volume change which leads to radiation effectiveness and better prognosis based on stage is at stage II, based on sex is on female gender, and by age was in the age group of 20-39 years.

 

Keywords: Tumor volume change, Post-radiation, Nasopharyngeal cancer
PENATALAKSANAAN RADIASI EKSTERNA KASUS KANKER NASOFARING TEKNIK 2D MENGGUNAKAN PESAWAT COBALT 60
Authors: R. Prahardi  , Guntur Winarno  , Asumsie Tarigan  , Elena Marliani
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal cancer occupies the third place as a type of malignancy in the order of the number of patients receiving radiation treatment at the radiotherapy center in Indonesia. Treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer can be done with Radiotherapy or with Chemotherapy. In RSMS for nasopharyngeal cancer cases using 2D technique using cobalt plane 60.

Methods: Data collection is done by monitoring the patient at the first time to the radiotherapy installation to complete the treatment. Patients were irradiated with 2D techniques using a Cobalt 60 type GWXJ80 NPIC plane and a HMD-IB type simulator.

Results: 45-year-old male patients with stage IVA were irradiated using 2D techniques, with doses for opposite lateral left right field 35x2 Gy irradiation time 47 s, supraclavicula field 25x2 Gy radiation time 73 s, etxoid field 33x2 Gy time irradiation 75 s and 8x2 Gy AP-PA field booster.

Conclusion: Management of external radiation of nasopharyngeal cancer cases in RSMS using 2D technique with cobalt plane 60. Fields used there are 4 ie etmoid field, supraclavicula, opposing lateral kIri and right, and AP-PA field for booster.

 

Keywords: radiotherapy, nasopharyngeal cancer, 2 dimension (2D), cobalt 60, radiation procedure.
PENGARUH PENEMPATAN ISOCENTER TERHADAP KUALITAS CITRA DAN INFORMASI CITRA ANATOMI MRI BRAIN T1 FAST SPIN ECHO POTONGAN SAGITAL DI NASION DAN GLABELLA
Authors: Jackwin Surya. D. B  , Sigit Wijokongko  , Nanang Sulaksono
Published: February 2022

Background : Before conducting an MRI examination, there will be a positioning. One of the positions carried out is the placement of isocenter. Isocenter is a magnetic center point where each gradient will be centered at that midpoint (Brown and Semelka, 2010). Different isocenter placements can affect image quality (Caramanos et al, 2010). In practical experience in the Telogorejo Semarang SMC Hospital, the placement of the isocenter in the nation while in Dr. Soetomo and Premier Surabaya Hospital placed Isocenter in Glabella. To examine the effect of isocenter placement on image quality and MRI brain T1 fast spin echo anatomical image information in the nasion and glabella and determine the optimal isocenter placement between the nasion and glabella.

Method : This type of research is quantitative with an experimental approach. This research was conducted at Telogorejo SMC Hospital Semarang. Data in the form of 16 MRI images of sagittal brain pieces of T1 Fast Spin Echo weighting on isocenter placement in the nasion and glabella of 8 volunteers. Testing is done using the SPSS program where the image quality is analyzed by linear regression test, while for anatomical image information is analyzed by the Wilcoxon test.

Result : The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of isocenter placement on the quality of MRI brain images of T1 fast spin echo sagittal pieces as seen from p value SNR (0.039) and CNR (0.010) <0.05 and from SNR percentage effect of 16.85% while CNR of 5, 8%. in addition to the influence, there are also differences in the anatomical image information of the MRI brain T1 fast spin echo sagittal section which is seen from the p value generated is 0.001 <0.05.

Conclusion : Judging from the mean rank per anatomy, isocenter placement in the nasion is optimal in providing information on the mesencephalon, medulla oblongata, and cerebral subarachnoid space.
ANALISIS PERBEDAAN KUALITAS CITRA DAN INFORMASI ANATOMI PADA PEMERIKSAAN MRI LUMBAL SEKUEN T2WI FAST SPIN ECHO (FSE) POTONGAN SAGITAL DENGAN VARIASI NILAI TIME REPETITION
Authors: Bagus YB Merah , Darmini Darmini , Mulyati Sri
Published: February 2022

Background:

Lumbar MRI examination at T2 weighted is recommended using the Fast Spin Echo (FSE) sequence because it can detect early symptoms of a pathology, such as edema, tumors, infections, fractures, ligament injuries, and produce images with strong signals in CSF including details of nerve roots. Based on the observations of researchers at MRCCC Siloam Hospital Semanggi Jakarta that uses TR values ​​in the range of 3500-7500 ms with 3 Tesla MRI. This study aims to determine the differences in image quality and anatomical information as well as knowing the TR values ​​that produce best quality and anatomical information on Lumbar MRI on T2WI FSE.

Methods:

This type of research is an experiment, then a different friedman test was carried out to determine differences in image quality and anatomical information with variations in TR values ​​that produced best image quality and anatomical information.

Result:

Friedman test shows there are significant differences between the variation of TR on anatomical information produced with p-value < 0.001. The friedman test results obtained p-value SNR < 0.001, CNR < 0.001 and scan time < 0.001. TR which produces best image quality and anatomical information is TR 5500ms with mean rank 2.32 on Lumbar MRI examination by T2WI FSE sequence sagital slices.
REDUKSI MISPREPSI PULMONARY EMBOLISM (PE) PADA CT-SCAN ANGIOGRAFI PULMONARY
Authors: Maulidya Mar’athus N Ildsa , Marjuki Marjuki
Published: February 2022

Background: Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is the third highest cause of death in cardiovascular. Right ventricular failure usually occurs within the first few hours, leading to the occurrence of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD). Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is an imaging technique that is the gold standard in evaluating patients with suspected PE because of their high sensitivity and specificity. The presentation of Pulmonary CTA images in PE needs to be interpreted correctly so that there is no loss of diagnosis by radiologists and cardiologists. This article aims to find out how to minimize the presence of mispreseption in findings of PE cases using CT-Scan modalities with the CT Pulmonary Angiography protocol.

Methods: The type of research in this mini research is qualitative research with an experimental approach with measurements on the pulmonary arteries that have emboli, which are aimed at knowing the type and evaluating existing parameters to reduce misdiagnosis in PE patients.

Results: The results of identifying the type of emboli using ROI (Region Of Interestand) measurements of the right and left ventricles can be seen that the patient has acute pulmonary embolism. Precise parameter settings play a role in producing informative diagnostic images of Pulmonary CTA.

Conclusion: To obtain informative diagnostic images in cases of pulmonary embolism, it is necessary to pay attention in optimizing the procedures and parameters of pulmonary Angiography CT so that there is no misdiagnosis in patients.
APLIKASI 3D ARTERIAL SPIN LABELING SEQUENCE PADA PEMERIKSAAN BRAIN MRI
Authors: Nova Setiyanto Ary , Nur Mayani Anita
Published: February 2022

Background: MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is a noninvasive diagnostic examination that utilizes high magnetic field strength in producing an image. Non-contrast Brain MRI Examination in Radiology Installation of Adi Husada Undaan Wetan Hospital Surabaya using a sequence of Ax DWI b1000 routines, Ax T2 Flair FS, Ax T2 Propeller, Ax T1 FSE, MRA TOF, Ax T2 * GRE. Clinical suspect CVA infarct, Brain MRI examination in Radiology Installation of Adi Husada Hospital Undaan Wetan Surabaya added 3D ASL sequences without using gadolinium contrast media.

Methods: This type of research is qualitative research with a case study approach. Data was taken from January to February 2019. The object of the study was MRI Brain examination in CVA infract cases at Radiology Installation at Adi Husada Undaan Wetan Hospital, Surabaya. The research subjects are 2 radiographers and 1 radiologist.

Results: Based on the results of visual analysis with interview methods with radiologists, the image results on Ax DWI b1000, Ax T2 Flair FS and Ax T2 Propeller appear hyperintense images which indicate the presence of pathology in the restricted area. The addition of the 3D ASL sequence is used to determine CBF (cerebral blood flow).

Conclusions : The application of the 3D ASL sequence to the clinical suspect CVA infarct with the right method can greatly assist the radiologist to diagnose patient abnormalities.
ANALISIS KUALITAS HASIL GAMBAR SEQUENCE T1 FAT SAT DAN SPECTRAL ADIABATIC INVERSION RECOVERY (SPAIR) PADA POTONGAN SAGITAL MRI PELVIS DENGAN KLINIS ENDOMETRIOSIS
Authors: Mawarsari Septi
Published: February 2022

Background : Examination of women's pelvis with clinical endometriosis using sequence T1 fat sat with the reason in the description of T1 fat sat will increase the contrast of the filling, see the difference between tissues containing fat and not, increase the sensitiveness in detecting small endometriosis and help distinguish it from cysts. SPAIR is a very powerful technique for fat suppression, which gives different advantages compared to conventional fat suppression techniques. MRI examination of pelvic endometriosis on sagittal pieces using SPAIR is unlike in theory that more recommend T1 fat sat. Because of the sequence differences, the authors were interested to examine more about the quality of the picture results with the sequence of T1 fat sat and SPAIR on the partal pieces of MRI Pelvic endometriosis.

Method : Design This research is quantitative analytics with observation methods, experiments and questionnaires. Conducted at the MRI Installation of Fatmawati Central General Hospital in February 2016 to May 2016 with a study sample of 10 patients using primary data. T1 Fat Sat and SPAIR overviews are qualitatively analyzed using questionnaires based on the assessment of radiology specialists and radiographers by assessing diagnostic information in terms of anatomy, resolution, contrast and noise. Data analysis is done using Independent T test.

Result : The result of this study is to show a 'significant difference in anatomy, resolution and contrast characterized by the value p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05) while in the noise there is no significant difference marked by p value = 0.065 (p > 0.05).
ANALISIS INFORMASI CITRA MRI GENU POTONGAN AXIAL ANTARA SEQUENCE SHORT TAU INVERSION RECOVERY (STIR) DAN SEQUENCE T2-SPECTRAL ATTENUATION INVERSION RECOVERY (T2-SPAIR)
Authors: Ramandasari Suci , Gunawati Shinta , Winarno Guntur , Edy W Mahfud , Heriyanto Fransiscus
Published: February 2022

Background : This research aims to analyze the information of genu axial section image quality using T2 STIR and SPAIR sequences at Mayapada Hospital.

Methods : The design of this research is quantitative analytics with experimental approaches conducted at the Mayapada Hospital Radiology Installation with the study population taken from all MRI genu examination patients during September-December 2020 with a study sample of 5 patients aged 18-40 years with various complaints on Genu. Then, reconstruction is carried out with a stunt cut techniques on STIR and SPAIR sequence.

Result : The result of this study showed a difference in T2 STIR d an T2 SPAIR with p value of 0.025 < 0.05.

Conclusion : The contrast of MRI genu sequence STIR is brighter than SPAIR sequence as evidenced by the calculation of CNR value of STIR sequence 8,388 higher than SPAIR sequence value of 5,345. So it can be concluded that in MRI genu examination, the CNR value on the STIR sequence of a stunt pieces with SPAIR sequence of a stunt pieces has a significant difference.
Capacity Limit States for Nonductile Bridge Columns
Authors: Zhou Jin , Kunnath Sashi
Published: February 2022

The ShakeCast software platform, used by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), utilizes near real-time ground shaking maps generated by the US Geological Survey in conjunction with demand and capacity models, to evaluate the likely damage to all bridges in the vicinity of an earthquake event. The ability to estimate with reasonable accuracy the likelihood and extent of damage to bridges following an earthquake is crucial to post-earthquake activities such as the mobilization of emergency response. While the development of seismic demand models has seen considerable progress, there is a significant gap in our current ability to correlate demands with capacity limit states, particularly for older California bridges. Whereas modern bridges designed after 1990 are expected to perform well, older bridges, particularly those built before 1971 (and referred to as Era-1 bridges in this report), are vulnerable to damage. It is the goal of this research to address this gap by developing a range of component capacity limit states (CCLS), from minor damage up to collapse, for pre-1971 Caltrans bridge columns through modeling and comprehensive simulations. A simulation model is developed for typical non-ductile bridge columns considering flexure, shear and mixed shear-flexure failure modes and incorporating critical effects at the material level (such as confinement in concrete and bar buckling in reinforcing steel) and the sectional level (such as bond-slip due to strain penetration). Given the prevalence of drift-based measures in seismic design and assessment, the first choice considered in the development of the CCLS models was ductility. A strain-based approach was used to correlate damage with capacity limit states for both circular and wide rectangular sections that typify Era-1 bridge columns. Findings from this phase of work exposed a major drawback in using ductility-based measures to characterize capacity limit states under random earthquake-induced loading. Hence, a major effort was dedicated to developing a damage-index based approach to classifying limit states. The proposed damage-based approach to developing CCLS models was validated against experimental data and then applied to single, two and three-column bents. Fragility functions were developed wherein exceedance probabilities of damage states were examined as a function of a seismic intensity measure. The new damage-based methodology was successful in predicting a range of capacity limit states associated with visual damage such as cracking of the cover concrete, spalling of concrete, buckling of longitudinal reinforcement, crushing of the core concrete and multi-bar rupture. Findings from the study will not only assist in post-earthquake emergency response efforts but also in prioritizing strengthening of older, nonductile bridges.
De la mitigación de desastres a la interrupción de trampas de riesgo: La experiencia de aprendizaje-acción de cLIMA sin Riesgo
Authors: Allen Adriana , Belkow Teresa , Escalante Estrada Carlos , De los Ríos Silvia , Kamiya Marco , Lambert Rita , Miranda Liliana , Wesely Julia , Zilbert Soto Linda
Published: February 2022

En las últimas décadas hemos asistido a una profunda reformulación de cómo entender las condiciones de riesgo en el contexto urbano. Sin embargo, aún enfrentamos significativos desafíos para capturar conceptual, metodológica y empíricamente los círculos viciosos de reproducción de riesgos que configuran ‘trampas de riesgo urbano’ frecuentemente invisibilizadas. Entendemos a las trampas de riesgo como el resultado de la reproducción de riesgos cotidianos y de desastres repetitivos y frecuentes de pequeña escala, que afectan en forma desproporcional a los sectores empobrecidos en forma altamente localizada. A partir de cLIMA sin Riesgo - un proyecto de investigación-acción desarrollado por los autores en el contexto de Lima - este artículo explora las condiciones que producen y reproducen estas trampas, cómo y dónde se materializan, quiénes son afectados y con qué consecuencias para aquellos que viven en barrios tugurizados y/o asentamientos informales y marginalizados. La discusión examina cómo el conocimiento espacial de la urbanización en riesgo y la evaluación critica de las inversiones y los esfuerzos de mitigación realizados por parte de pobladores y agencias estatales permiten avanzar hacia una apreciación más precisa del impacto de dichas trampas a lo largo del tiempo, así como hacia estrategias de acción para su interrupción.
El Fanzine y la comunicación del riesgo: Una propuesta para el Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Thomas Javier , Rubio Julio , Muñoz Isabel
Published: February 2022

Uno de los aspectos que no ha sido significativamente valorado en el proceso de gestión del riesgo es el de las estrategias comunicativas. Este trabajo recoge la experiencia de un proyecto de investigación en el que se realizaron talleres pedagógicos que permitieron, de una parte, recrear hechos y experiencias particulares vividas por las personas en situaciones de riesgo, y de otra, resignificarlas para producir fanzines, como piezas comunicativas que, con sentido social y construcción colectiva, permiten abordar, contextualmente, aspectos particulares de la gestión social del riesgo. En este caso, en los municipios de Jamundí, Yumbo, Buga, Buenaventura, Sevilla y Ansermanuevo, del Departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia, con participación de las autoridades ambientales y las comunidades de base, se hicieron talleres que, sumados a la evaluación de piezas comunicativas institucionales existentes sobre la gestión del riesgo, posibilitaron hacer un balance de concepción y alcances de la comunicación del riesgo, como parte inherente de la política pública en el tema.
El desempeño de íconos como herramienta gráfica para comunicar la emergencia
Authors: Ramírez M. Rodrigo
Published: February 2022

La experiencia humana es un foco del Diseño, transferible a escenarios como el de la comunicación del riesgo. Una emergencia altera radicalmente la experiencia de información, considerada un soporte estructural para las acciones en contextos críticos. El diseño de información ha sido definido como una combinación de arte y ciencia de presentar información para ser usada eficiente y efectivamente por humanos. La información bien diseñada permite a las personas visualizar, comprender mensajes y facilitar decisiones. Cotidianamente los símbolos estandarizados o íconos constituyen una solución típica, ya que simplifican el contenido permitiendo sortear barreras de acceso. Se presenta el proyecto Guemil, una iniciativa de íconos para representar conceptualmente el ciclo Antes > Durante > Después de una emergencia. El set cubre la experiencia completa en el ciclo de la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres (GRD). Buscando entender la eficacia como solución gráfica supuestamente universal, se exploró sobre los significados y diferencias que las personas asignan a cada ícono. Su desempeño se midió desde pruebas estandarizadas y aplicables internacionalmente. Desde la evidencia obtenida se revisan aspectos específicos, analizando el desempeño en casos y discutiendo nociones sobre la comprensión de información en emergencia. Enfocado en preparación y adopción, se concluye reflexionando sobre oportunidades futuras del proyecto.
Ampliando nuestra comprensión sobre la creación y reducción del riesgo de desastres en Latinoamérica y el Caribe
Authors: Mena Ricardo
Published: February 2022

Este prólogo presenta el 3er número (Vol. 2, Núm. 2) de la Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos sobre Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres (REDER) e introduce sus articulos, que son el resultado de investigaciones recientes, así como reflexiones metodológicas sobre las variadas dimensiones sociales, económicas, políticas y ambientales que interactúan con los procesos de creación y reducción del riesgo de desastre en la región. Las investigaciones se relacionan de manera directa con las áreas de acción propuestas por el Marco de Sendai, el plan global para la reducción del riesgo de desastres adoptado en el año 2015 por los estados miembros de las Naciones Unidas, que tiene como propósito prevenir la aparición de nuevos riesgos, disminuir los existentes e implementar medidas para reforzar la resiliencia.
Dimensionando la precariedad urbana y su vínculo con la gestión del riesgo de desastres
Authors: Marin Juliette , Mendez Ingrid , Sarmiento Juan Pablo
Published: February 2022

Los procesos acelerados e informales de urbanización a nivel global y el aumento de personas viviendo en zonas expuestas a amenazas presentan un problema social mayor que necesita una relectura de la precariedad urbana desde una perspectiva de reducción de riesgo. El presente estudio aborda el análisis de 23 modelos de medición de precariedad urbanas, con el objetivo de caracterizar su multicausalidad, multidimensionalidad e identificar las tendencias de uso de las mismas. A través de la consideración de las diferentes dimensiones físicas, socioeconómicas, sociopolíticas y legales de la precariedad urbana, se busca relacionar estas dimensiones con factores de riesgo de desastre, para profundizar la comprensión de la interrelación de estos conceptos. Se muestra que, si bien estas dimensiones no están siempre relacionadas directamente a factores de riesgo, sus vínculos pueden potencializar la generación de riesgo que a su vez puede acentuar condiciones de precariedad, por lo que no pueden ser analizadas aisladamente. Se avanza en propuestas para la formulación de una herramienta de caracterización de precariedad urbana para la toma de decisiones y el desarrollo de propuestas de intervención territorial, que integre directamente el riesgo de desastres, representando más apropiadamente la multidimensionalidad de la precariedad.