bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using unsupervised machine learning to quantify physical activity from accelerometry in a diverse and rapidly changing population
Authors: Thornton Christopher B. , Kolehmainen Niina , Nazarpour Kianoush
Published: April 2023

Accelerometers are widely used to measure physical activity behaviour, including in children. The traditional method for processing acceleration data uses cut points to define physical activity intensity, relying on calibration studies that relate the magnitude of acceleration to energy expenditure. However, these relationships do not generalise across diverse populations and hence they must be parametrised for each subpopulation (e.g., age groups) which is costly and makes studies across diverse populations and over time difficult. A data-driven approach that allows physical activity intensity states to emerge from the data, without relying on parameters derived from external populations, offers a new perspective on this problem and potentially improved results. We applied an unsupervised machine learning approach, namely a hidden semi-Markov model, to segment and cluster the raw accelerometer data recorded (using a waist-worn ActiGraph GT3X+) from 279 children (9–38 months old) with a diverse range of developmental abilities (measured using the Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory–Computer Adaptive Testing measure). We benchmarked this analysis with the cut points approach, calculated using thresholds from the literature which had been validated using the same device and for a population which most closely matched ours. Time spent active as measured by this unsupervised approach correlated more strongly with PEDI-CAT measures of the child’s mobility (R2: 0.51 vs 0.39), social-cognitive capacity (R2: 0.32 vs 0.20), responsibility (R2: 0.21 vs 0.13), daily activity (R2: 0.35 vs 0.24), and age (R2: 0.15 vs 0.1) than that measured using the cut points approach. Unsupervised machine learning offers the potential to provide a more sensitive, appropriate, and cost-effective approach to quantifying physical activity behaviour in diverse populations, compared to the current cut points approach. This, in turn, supports research that is more inclusive of diverse or rapidly changing populations.
Can changing neighborhoods influence mental health? An ecological analysis of gentrification and neighborhood-level serious psychological distress—New York City, 2002–2015
Authors: Alroy Karen A. , Cavalier Haleigh , Crossa Aldo , Wang Shu Meir , Liu Sze Yan , Norman Christina , Sanderson Michael , Gould L. Hannah , Lim Sung woo
Published: April 2023

Neighborhood conditions influence people’s health; sustaining healthy neighborhoods is a New York City (NYC) Health Department priority. Gentrification is characterized by rapid development in historically disinvested neighborhoods. The gentrification burden, including increased living expenses, and disrupted social networks, disproportionally impacts certain residents. To ultimately target health promotion interventions, we examined serious psychological distress time trends in gentrifying NYC neighborhoods to describe the association of gentrification and mental health overall and stratified by race and ethnicity. We categorized NYC neighborhoods as hypergentrifying, gentrifying, and not-gentrifying using a modified New York University Furman Center index. Neighborhoods with ≥100% rent growth were hypergentrifying; neighborhoods with greater than median and <100% rent growth were gentrifying; and neighborhoods with less than median rent growth were not-gentrifying. To temporally align neighborhood categorization closely with neighborhood-level measurement of serious psychological distress, data during 2000–2017 were used to classify neighborhood type. We calculated serious psychological distress prevalence among adult populations using data from 10 NYC Community Health Surveys during 2002–2015. Using joinpoint and survey-weighted logistic regression, we analyzed serious psychological distress prevalence time trends during 2002–2015 by gentrification level, stratified by race/ethnicity. Among 42 neighborhoods, 7 were hypergentrifying, 7 were gentrifying, and 28 were not gentrifying. In hypergentrifying neighborhoods, serious psychological distress prevalence decreased among White populations (8.1% to 2.3%, β = -0.77, P = 0.02) and was stable among Black (4.6% to 6.9%, β = -0.01, P = 0.95) and Latino populations (11.9% to 10.4%, β = -0.16, P = 0.31). As neighborhoods gentrified, different populations were affected differently. Serious psychological distress decreased among White populations in hypergentrifying neighborhoods, no similar reductions were observed among Black and Latino populations. This analysis highlights potential unequal mental health impacts that can be associated with gentrification-related neighborhood changes. Our findings will be used to target health promotion activities to strengthen community resilience and to ultimately guide urban development policies.
Association between burnout and stigma in physicians
Authors: Favre S. , Bajwa N. M. , Dominicé Dao M. , Audétat Voirol M.-C. , Nendaz M. , Junod Perron N. , Perneger T. , Richard-Lepouriel H.
Published: April 2023

Background

Physicians suffering from burnout are more likely to develop depression, substance dependence, and cardiovascular diseases, which can affect their practices. Stigmatization is a barrier to seeking treatment. This study aimed to understand the complex links between burnout among medical doctors and the perceived stigma.

Methods and findings

Online questionnaires were sent to medical doctors working in five different departments of the Geneva University Hospital. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to assess burnout. The Stigma of Occupational Stress Scale in Doctors (SOSS-D) was used to measure the three stigma dimensions. Three hundred and eight physicians participated in the survey (response rate: 34%). Physicians with burnout (47%) were more likely to hold stigmatized views. Emotional exhaustion was moderately correlated with perceived structural stigma (r = 0.37, P < .001) and weakly correlated with perceived stigma (r = 0.25, P = 0.011). Depersonalization was weakly correlated with personal stigma (r = 0.23, P = 0.04) and perceived other stigma (r = 0.25, P = 0.018).

Conclusion

These results suggest the need to adjust for existing burnout and stigma management. Further research needs to be conducted on how high burnout and stigmatization impact collective burnout, stigmatization, and treatment delay.
“What do I think about implementing lung cancer screening? It all depends on how.” Acceptability and feasibility of lung cancer screening in Australia: The view of key stakeholders about health system factors
Authors: Dodd Rachael H. , Sharman Ashleigh R. , Marshall Henry M. , Yap Mei Ling , Stone Emily , Rhee Joel , McCullough A. O. M. Sue , Rankin Nicole M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide. Although international trials demonstrate that targeted screening using low dose computed tomography (LDCT) significantly reduces lung cancer mortality, implementation of screening in the high-risk population presents complex health system challenges that need to be thoroughly understood to support policy change.

Aim

To elicit health care providers’ and policymakers’ views about the acceptability and feasibility of lung cancer screening (LCS) and barriers and enablers to implementation in the Australian setting.

Methods

We conducted 24 focus groups and three interviews (22 focus groups and all interviews online) in 2021 with 84 health professionals, researchers, and current cancer screening program managers and policy makers across all Australian states and territories. Focus groups included a structured presentation about lung cancer and screening and lasted approximately one hour each. A qualitative approach to analysis was used to map topics to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results

Nearly all participants considered LCS to be acceptable and feasible but identified a wide range of implementation challenges. Topics (five specific to health systems and five cross-cutting with participant factors) identified were mapped to CFIR constructs, of which ‘readiness for implementation’, ‘planning’ and ‘executing’ were most salient. Health system factor topics included delivery of the LCS program, cost, workforce considerations, quality assurance and complexity of health systems. Participants strongly advocated for streamlined referral processes. Practical strategies to address equity and access, such as using mobile screening vans, were emphasised.

Conclusions

Key stakeholders readily identified the complex challenges associated with the acceptability and feasibility of LCS in Australia. The barriers and facilitators across health system and cross-cutting topics were clearly elicited. These findings are highly relevant to the scoping of a national LCS program by the Australian Government and a subsequent recommendation for implementation.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in pediatric patients with urinary tract infection: A feasibility study
Authors: Lee Han Byeol , Lee Seunghyun , Choi Young Hun , Cheon Jung-Eun , Lee Seul Bi , Cho Yeon Jin , Ahn Yo Han , Lim Seon Hee
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN) in pediatric patients with febrile urinary tract infection (UTI).

Materials and methods

Between March 2019 and January 2021, study participants with suspected UTI were assessed for APN using ultrasound. Parenchymal echogenicity changes, renal pelvis dilatation, and the presence of a focal suspected lesion were assessed using conventional grayscale ultrasound. The presence and location of a decreased perfusion area were evaluated using color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) and CEUS. Agreement between each ultrasound examination and a 99mTc‒dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan was assessed using the κ value, and the most visible period of the lesion was evaluated using CEUS.

Results

This study enrolled 21 participants (median age, 8.0 months; range, 2.0–61.0 months) with isolated urinary tract pathogens. Five increased parenchymal echotextures (11.9%) and 14 renal pelvic dilatations (33.3%) were confirmed, but no focal lesions were detected on the grayscale images. CDUS and CEUS showed decreased local perfusion suggestive of APN in two and five kidneys, respectively. DMSA scan showed substantial agreement with CEUS findings (κ = 0.80, P = 0.010), but other grayscale and CDUS findings did not agree with DMSA scan results (P > 0.05). All lesions were best observed in the late parenchymal phase on CEUS.

Conclusion

CEUS can reveal renal perfusion defects in pediatric patients with suspected APN without radiation exposure or sedation; therefore, CEUS may be a feasible and valuable diagnostic technique.
Brinjal leaf diseases detection based on discrete Shearlet transform and Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Abisha S. , Mutawa A. M , Murugappan Murugappan , Krishnan Saravanan
Published: April 2023

Different diseases are observed in vegetables, fruits, cereals, and commercial crops by farmers and agricultural experts. Nonetheless, this evaluation process is time-consuming, and initial symptoms are primarily visible at microscopic levels, limiting the possibility of an accurate diagnosis. This paper proposes an innovative method for identifying and classifying infected brinjal leaves using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) and Radial Basis Feed Forward Neural Networks (RBFNN). We collected 1100 images of brinjal leaf disease that were caused by five different species (Pseudomonas solanacearum, Cercospora solani, Alternaria melongenea, Pythium aphanidermatum, and Tobacco Mosaic Virus) and 400 images of healthy leaves from India’s agricultural form. First, the original plant leaf is preprocessed by a Gaussian filter to reduce the noise and improve the quality of the image through image enhancement. A segmentation method based on expectation and maximization (EM) is then utilized to segment the leaf’s-diseased regions. Next, the discrete Shearlet transform is used to extract the main features of the images such as texture, color, and structure, which are then merged to produce vectors. Lastly, DCNN and RBFNN are used to classify brinjal leaves based on their disease types. The DCNN achieved a mean accuracy of 93.30% (with fusion) and 76.70% (without fusion) compared to the RBFNN (82%—without fusion, 87%—with fusion) in classifying leaf diseases.
Radicalisation and political crisis: the personal transitions of a Guatemalan social Christian militant, 1942–1981
Authors: Véliz Estrada Rodrigo
Published: April 2023

This article examines the life of Mayan-K’iche’ social Christian activist Emeterio Toj Medrano. Through in-depth interviews, complemented with work in archives located in Guatemala and the United States, the article reconstructs how Emeterio developed and used personal tools to assess the moments of political crisis and radicalisation scenarios that he had to face during the Guatemalan experience of the inter-American Cold War. Taking into account different aspects of Emeterio’s life – his K’iche’ identity and historical memory, spheres of influence, narratives, militant activities and so on – helps us to understand specific dimensions in the process of political deterioration between certain social layers of central Highlands K’iche’ populationvis-à-visthe Guatemalan military regime. In articulating these local and national processes, his life also helps us to understand the different local nuances that characterised the polarisation of the Central American isthmus during the 1970s. The article is part of a historiographic trend that emphasises the importance of taking into account the personal scale to explain domestic, regional and global processes.
Abordagem baseada em Aumento de Dados para Avaliação Automática de Leiturabilidade
Authors: Cunha de Menezes Luiza , Paes Aline , Finatto Maria José Bocorny
Published: April 2023

Embora estudos sobre como medir a leiturabilidade de um texto remontem ao século passado, ainda não há um consenso sobre quais seriam as melhores métricas. Ferramentas de Processamento de Linguagem Natural (PLN) podem apoiar esta tarefa, mas dependem de um grande número de amostras para treinamento, o que é uma barreira para seu avanço. O objetivo principal deste artigo é analisar o impacto de determinados métodos de aumento de dados (AD) para enfrentar essa barreira e apoiar a classificação de leiturabilidade no português brasileiro (PB). Para tanto, foi estabelecido um corpus pareado e classificado, com textos originais complexos e suas versões simplificadas sobre temas de Ciências, desenvolvido por linguistas. Esse corpus foi aumentado com técnicas agnósticas de AD: substituição por sinônimos (SS) e retrotradução (RT). Foram avaliados 75 modelos com diferentes técnicas e combinações de atributos de entrada. O melhor resultado obtido para o conjunto dos textos do corpus sem aumento foi de 94,0% de taxa de acerto. Este resultado subiu para 95,2% combinando-se as métricas do sistema NILC-Metrix com representações vetoriais de texto contextualizadas. Quando comparados a outros trabalhos voltados para o PB, a metodologia proposta gerou um aumento na taxa de acerto em um domínio distinto ao de treino. Conclui-se que o modelo treinado com AD demonstra capacidade igual ou superior àqueles treinados sem aumento e, ao mesmo tempo, apresenta maior generalização quando aplicado a outros domínios.
Bioactive Constituent and Eugenol Synthase 1 Gene of Thai Red Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.)
Authors: Sripinyowanich Siriporn , Soipetch Wiboonwan , Maneeprasert Pariya , Lokkamlue Noppamart , lamtham Siriluck , Mongkolsiriwatana Chareerat
Published: April 2023

Red holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) is a commonly grown herb crop with diverse cultivars/accessions that contain highly ranked bioactive substances for medicinal potentialities. In this study, bioactive constituents and eugenol synthase 1 (EGS1) were characterized in Thai red holy basil. The compositions of the bioactive distilled from dried and fresh leaves and dried flower spikes were determined using headspace–solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography. Furthermore, a full-length of putative EGS1 was cloned from Thai red holy basil leaf tissue. The open reading frame of EGS1 contained 945 bp and encoded a 314-amino acid sequence. Phylogenetic analysis clearly distinguished two homology classes of EGS. EGS1 of red holy basil was closely related to that of white holy basil and lemon basil. Additionally, EGS1 expression in leaf tissue at the flowering stage was further assessed in ten local red holy basil accessions. EGS1 transcript levels were high, especially in aroma-rich accessions. EGS1 was expressed at higher levels in leaves than in flower spikes. Our study characterizes red holy basil in terms of both biochemical and gene information. This information can be used for further studies focusing on gene editing to increase the production of high-quality Thai red holy basil for the food and pharmacological industries.
Notes from the Editors, April 2023
Authors: Editors -
Published: April 2023

"There is no longer any question that the United States is waging a New Cold War," MR editors write in this month's "Notes from the Editors." This war, waged not only against Russia, but increasingly against China, whose approach to global governance is seen as a threat to U.S. imperialism.
Marxian Ecology, Dialectics, and the Hierarchy of Needs
Authors: Foster John Bellamy , Swain Dan , Woźniak Monika
Published: April 2023

In this interview, originally published in the Czech journal Contradictions, John Bellamy Foster discusses the history of environmental thought among socialists from Marx to the present day, with a view to the need to mobilize in order to protect humanity's only home.
Morphometry of Limulidae (Oscar E. Brown) in Leidong, Sei Berombang, and Tanjung Tiram, North Sumatera
Authors: Hasibuan Zhulian Hikmah , Widowati Ita , Yudiati Ervia , Syukur Syukur
Published: April 2023

Limulidae (Horseshoe crab), or Mimi in the local name, are known; there are four species, namely Limulus polyphemus in North America and Asia, namely Tachypleus tridentatus, T. gigas, and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. In Indonesia, these species are protected by the Decree of the Minister of Forestry Number 12/KPTS-II/1987; meanwhile, illegal fishing still occurs. This study aims to identify Limulidae species and analyze Mimi's morphometric characteristics and distribution in North Sumatra to conserve the species.  This research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method in Leidong, Sei Berombang, Tanjung Tiram - North Sumatera, from September to December 2021. Biometric measurements were performed on 98 Mimi, and the data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Multinomial logistics. The results showed that Mimi in the study area was identified as Tachypleus tridentatus, T. gigas, and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. The most commonly caught was T. tridentatus at the Tanjung Tiram. Based on the maximum width of the prosoma and body length, the largest to most petite sizes are T. tridentatus at Leidong (10.31 cm), T. gigas at Leidong, and Sei Berombang (10 cm) and C. rotundicauda at Sei Berombang (7.56 cm) respectively. The cluster analysis based on 27 morphometric characters showed that T. tridentatus had almost the same characteristics as T. gigas, while C. rotundicauda had its features. It can be concluded that the largest to most petite sizes of Mimi in the study area were T. tridentatus, T. gigas, and C. rotundicauda, respectively.
Fiscal incentives for improved forest management and deforestation-free agricultural commodities in Central and West Africa
Authors: Karsenty A. , Salau S.
Published: April 2023

Until recently, little or no use was made of fiscal instruments for forest protection in developing countries. The rise of independent third-party certification systems since the 1990s opens new perspectives for using taxation as an incentive. In the forestry sector, certification has
developed significantly in Central Africa but reached a plateau in the last ten years, apparently due to the reorientation of timber export flows towards Asian markets that do not demand certified products. Fiscal incentives, through tax cuts for responsible producers, could compensate for
the absence of price premiums but would diminish public revenues. The principle of the "bonus-malus" (feebates) seems promising to the extent that it does not reduce government budgetary revenues (budget neutrality). Bonus-malus schemes can also promote certified "zero deforestation" or "grown
in agroforestry" agricultural production, especially cocoa, a significant driver of deforestation in Africa. Governments can select one or several certification schemes, private or public ones, and target fiscal incentives related to these certified products. The peculiarity of a bonus-malus
system is that the revenues generated by the malus are expected to decrease progressively (with the adoption of certification), requiring a reduction of the bonus rates in order to respect budget neutrality. Adopting such a scheme would create winners and losers, therefore, complementary policy
measures targeting small-scale producers are desirable.
Indian forest governance during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rana P. , Fleischman F.
Published: April 2023

The unexpected nature of COVID-19 tested the institutional strength and resilience of state agencies across the world. Preliminary evidence is presented on how reduced mobility due to COVID-19 affected the functioning of the Forest Department in the northern Indian state of Himachal
Pradesh and triggered changes in forest use by local communities as perceived by forest officials. Our evidence shows mixed outcomes in terms of the effectiveness of the forest bureaucrats in handling the COVID-19 pandemic as assessed through their own perceptions and other forestry records.
The positive and negative elements relating to the bureaucratic forest administration during the COVID-19 lockdown are presented, and some possible reasons behind these varying patterns across the state of Himachal Pradesh are suggested. Lessons drawn from the COVID-19 crisis that can help
guide forest bureaucracies to deal effectively with unpredictable events in the future are presented.
Learning from the past to guide the future: a SWOT-AHP analysis of tree-based land restoration endeavours in the Northern Sahel region of Cameroon
Authors: Chia E.L. , Nsubuga F.W. , Chirwa P.W.
Published: April 2023

This paper analyses restoration efforts in the Northern Sahel region of Cameroon using a combination of SWOT analysis and the Analytical Hierarchical Process approach. Based on the perception of key informants from three stakeholder groups – representatives of the administration,
representatives of communities, representatives of local NGOs, the results show that the positive attributes of restoration efforts overshadow the negative aspects. Moreover, source of additional income for families from restoration received the overall highest factor score ranking
for strength. Tenure insecurity is the weakness with the highest score and the overall priority score for weaknesses was highest for key informants from local NGOs. On the other hand, improving livelihoods and natural resource base of communities received the highest overall
factor for opportunities, while inadequate supply of quality inputs for restoration was perceived as the most critical threat to land restoration efforts in the northern Sahel region of Cameroon.
Dirigentas, intérpretes, acompañantes: sobre metodologías participativas y construcción de la ciudadanía en el Perú
Authors: Ciudad Luis Andrade , Howard Rosaleen
Published: April 2023

El propósito de este artículo de reflexión es doble: en primer lugar, damos cuenta de la metodología participativa que aplicamos en el proyecto “Mejorando la vida de las mujeres a través del rol de las traductoras sociales en el Perú rural”. Este proyecto, desarrollado entre los años 2018 y 2019, tuvo como objetivos visibilizar y resaltar el rol desempeñado por lideresas comunitarias de Puno y Ayacucho, en el sur andino del Perú, como intérpretes y traductoras ad hoc, en beneficio de miembros de sus comunidades, muchos de ellos y ellas hablantes de quechua o aimara y español, con diferentes niveles de bilingüismo. En segundo lugar, sobre la base de esta experiencia, abordamos el alcance de las metodologías participativas como un recurso para crear conciencia sobre los procesos de construcción de ciudadanía “desde abajo” en Sudamérica.
Effect of surcharge load location on the behavior of cantilever retaining wall
Authors: Al-khafaji Rowida S. , Al-Obaydi Moataz A. , Al-Saffar Qutayba N.
Published: April 2023

In this study, the effect of location of surcharge load on the stability and behavior of the retaining wall under static and dynamic load has been considered. A cantilever retaining wall of 7 m height retained dry sandy soil with 50 kN/m2 surcharge load. Several parameters were taken into account in the numerical analysis, including the horizontal distance (X) from the edge of the wall to the surcharge load expressed as a ratio to the heel width (X/Bh
= 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1), as well as the effect of different values of the earthquake's horizontal component (kh
= 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3). Lateral earth pressure distribution decreases with increase (X/B

h
) in the upper one third of the wall. The effect of surcharge location at the top of the wall disappears at X/B

h
= 0.25. Under dynamic load, the maximum displacement at the top of the wall is obtained at X/B

h
= 0.5. It is increased by about 4 times at k

h
= 0.3. The possibility of sliding increases by about 4.8 times once the k

h
increases from 0.1 to 0.3. There is a maximum increase in rotation by 2 times at k

h
= 0.1. In the dynamic case, the differential settlement decreases with increase in X/B

h
, and increases with the increase in k

h
.
New insights from genetic studies of eczema
Authors: Marenholz Ingo , Arnau-Soler Aleix , Rosillo-Salazar Oscar Daniel , Lee Young-Ae
Published: April 2023

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provided fundamental insight into the genetic determinants of complex allergic diseases. For eczema, 58 susceptibility loci were reported. Protein-changing variants were associated with eczema at genome-wide significance at 12 loci. The majority of risk variants were, however, located in non-coding, regulatory regions of the genome. Prioritized target genes were enriched in pathways of the immune response and of epithelial barrier function. Interestingly, a large overlap in the genetic architecture underlying different allergic diseases was identified pointing to common pathomechanisms for eczema, asthma, hay fever, and food allergy. Here, we review the most recent findings from GWAS for eczema including the role of rare variants and genetic heterogeneity in ethnically diverse populations. In addition, we provide an overview of genes underlying Mendelian disorders featuring eczematous skin inflammation.
Positive Control(s) in Polyurethane Condom-Lubricant Compatibility Testing
Authors: Jui-An Lin Alexander , Huberman Erich Gerard , Chen Peiling , Mandadi Hyma , Sarkar Das Srilekha
Published: April 2023

Despite the proliferation of over-the-counter (OTC) personal lubricants (PLs) in the last two decades, to date, no known positive control has been identified to assess the compatibility of these PLs with polyurethane (PU) condoms. In the absence of suitable positive controls, PU condom compatibility with OTC PLs is assessed using a method built for testing compatibility of latex condoms with PLs. Herein, we attempt to identify a safe-to-handle positive control(s) for determining PU condom-lubricant compatibility. At room temperature (RmT), swelling of and induced stress in PU condom sample coupons were studied at various strain rates after discrete applications of a few ingredients common in commercial PLs. Additionally, stress reduction at a constant stretch was measured at 37°C. At low strain rates, changes in the induced stress and stress-to-strain ratio were detectable because of ingredients, e.g., hydroxy-terminated poly(dimethyl siloxane) of viscosity 25 cSt that caused substantial swelling of the condom materials at RmT, indicating prospective positive controls. At 37 °C, the percent stress reduction in PU samples under constant stretch was significant, with a few PL ingredients that did not significantly swell the PU material at RmT. Ingredients that enable significant stress reduction can serve as positive controls in PU condom-lubricant compatibility testing using the tensile method, provided the strain rate is comparable to the rate of condom-lubricant interaction, as evidenced by swelling study. At RmT, absence of swelling and insignificant changes in tensile properties at high strain rates do not guarantee the absence of interactions. Instead of testing mineral oil on latex condoms, manufacturers may now use a PU condom-specific positive control, when testing compatibility of PU condoms with OTC PLs.
UJI PRODUKSI GAS HIDROGEN MELALUI ELEKTROLISIS PLASMA AIR LAUT DENGAN KATALIS KOH DAN ZAT ADITIF ETANOL
Authors: Muthaharussayidun Muthaharussayidun , Anis Samsudin , Aryadi Widya
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tegangan, kadar katalis, konsentrasi aditif etanol dan menguji sumber produksi gas hidrogen dengan metode elektrolisis plasma pada air laut untuk memastikan hi-drogen yang diproduksi adalah dari air yang terdekomposisi atau dari katalis dan etanol yang bereaksi. Metode penelitian yangdigunakan adalah dengan menguji larutan elektrolit air laut dan dengan air suling dengan kadar katalis KOH 0 gram, 25 gram, 50 gram, 75 gram, dan konsentrasi etanol 0%, 5%, 10%dan 15% pada tegangan 125 volt, 175 volt dan 225 volt. Slide Regulator digunakan untuk mengatur besarnya tegangan. Hasil penelitian menun-jukkan tegangan yang digunakan berpengaruh terhadap laju produksi hidrogen. Selain tegangan, penambahan ka-talis dan aditif etanol juga sangat berpengaruh. Terlihat pada pengujian air laut tanpa penambahan kadar katalis dan zat aditif hanya muncul sedikit gas hidrogen. Hasil terbaik didapatkan pada tegangan 225 volt dengan 75 gram KOH dan 15% etanol sebesar 149,43 mL/s. Sedangkan konsumsi energi paling efisien didapat pada tegangan 225 volt dengan 75 gram KOH dan 10% etanol. Namun, pada setiap variasi penambahan konsentrasi aditif etanol 5%, 10% dan 15% tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap laju produksi gas dan konsumsi energi. Secara keseluruhan bias diambil kesimpulan bahwa hidrogen yang muncul adalah hasil dari reaksi katalis dan aditif yang terdekomposisi.
Peningkatan Mutu Briket dari Limbah Serbuk Kayu Jati dengan Penambahan Limbah Minyak Jelantah
Authors: Sakti Muhammad Iqbal Pujo , Saputro Danang Dwi
Published: April 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk Mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan campuran limbah serbuk kayu jati dengan campuran minyak jelantah terhadap karakteristik kimia, fisik, mekanik, dan laju pembakaran briket kayu jati. Variasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah komposisi minyak jelantah dengan perbandingan campuran serbuk jati : minyak jelantah, 95 : 5, 90 : 10, dan 85 : 15. Metodologi penelitian meliputi pengeringan, pengayakan, penghalusan, dan penyaringan serbuk kayu jati dengan ukuran mesh 40, minyak jelantah sebagai campuran, pencetakan dan pengepresan briket pada tekanan 200 kg/cm2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar air turun hingga 35,32% pada komposisi 15% minyak jelantah, Kadar abu turun mencapai 52,53%, Kadar zat terbangnya juga mengalami sebesar 13,52%, dan Kadar karbon meningkat 416,5% dari raw material. Variasi komposisi minyak jelantah yang semakin besar menyebabkan penurunan nilai densitas namun tidak terlalu signifikan. Kekuatan briket terbaik pada variasi komposisi campuran minyak jelantah 15% yang ditandai dengan jumlah partikel yang hilang terkecil yaitu 0,33%. Variasi komposisi campuran minyak jelantah menghasilkan temperatur yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi dan waktu pembakaran pada briket juga.
Pengembangan Sistem Kontrol Robot Pneumatik Pick And Place dengan Raspberry Pi Berbasis Internet Of Things (IoT)
Authors: Cahyono Riska Eko , Sumbodo Wirawan
Published: April 2023

Era industri 4.0 merupakan kondisi yang mengharuskan adanya suatu perubahan besar-besaran dengan memadukan teknologi yang ada. Penggunaan teknologi robot pneumatik pick and place dengan sistem kontrol berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan menekan biaya produksi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui rancangan sistem kontrol robot dan mengetahui tingkat kelayakan sistem kontrol robot pick and place dengan Raspberry Pi berbasis Internet of Things (IoT). Penelitian ini menggunakan model pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan RnD (Research dan Development). Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu terwujudnya sistem kontrol robot pneumatik pick and place dengan dimensi 59 x 40 x 20 cm. Sistem kontrol robot pneumatik pick and place memperoleh persentase kelayakan produk 86,7 % dengan kategori sangat layak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, sistem kontrol robot pneumatik pick and place mampu merespon dengan kecepatan 0,5 detik dengan menggunakan rata-rata kecepatan internet yaitu 1,49 Kb/s dengan jarak maksimal pengguna yaitu 50 meter.
Pengaruh Perubahan Temperatur terhadap Respon Amplitudo dengan Menggunakan Gelombang Ultrasonik pada Pola Aliran Slug Pipa Horisontal
Authors: Maulana Sonika
Published: April 2023

Industri menuntut pengukuran laju aliran dua fase dalam pipa dengan metodenon-invasif, dengan biaya rendah dan tidak rumit dalam penggunaannya. Untuk mengatasi hal ini diperlukan suatu alat ukur aliran tanpa melakukan perubahan pada penampang aliran, yaitu penggunaan flow meter ultrasonik. Penelitian ini menggunakan fluida kerja air dan udara, pipa acrylic dengan diameter dalam 18 mm dengan tebal 5 mm dan transparan agar perilaku aliran dapat diamati. Function generator untuk menghasilkan frekuensi gelombang ultrasonik yang dihubungkan ke transmitter dan diterima oleh receiver yang dihubungkan dengan oscilloscope. Pada penelitian ini akan dianalisis besar kecilnya amplitudo dan transit timeyang dihasilkan oleh spektrum frekuensi ultrasonik akibat perubahan temperatur pada pola aliran slug. Variasi temperatur yang digunakan adalah 40-700C. Kecepatan superfisial udara (JG) yang digunakan adalah 1,31 m/s â€“ 2,29 m/s, sedangkan Kecepatan superfisial air (JL) yang digunakan adalah 0,39 m/s â€“ 1,05 m/s. Data hasil penelitian berupa amplitudo dianalisis kemudian dicari hubungannya dengan perubahan temperatur dari fase air-udara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan temperatur pada aliran slug akan mempengaruhi besar kecilnya amplitudo dan nilai transit time gelombang ultrasonik.
ІСТОРИЧНІ ВИТОКИ ЗАХІДНОЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОЇ МУЗИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: СВЕРЛЮК ЯРОСЛАВ , СВЕРЛЮК ЛІЛІЯ , ПОТАПЧУК ТЕТЯНА
Published: April 2023

У статті виокремлюються певні вузлові питання наукових концепцій, які визначали у свій час особливості музичної освіти, її сутність, спрямування і зміст надеяких етапах історичного розвитку. Зазначено, що наявність навіть найпростіших форм музикування завжди тісно пов'язана з особливостями історичного розвитку суспільства, світоглядними позиціями і науково-теоретичними концепціями, а ще станом музично-виконавської практики.
КОМУНІКАТИВНА КОМПЕТЕНТНІСТЬ ЯК ЗАСІБ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ АДАПТАЦІЇ СТУДЕНТІВ В ОСВІТНЬОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ ЗАКЛАДУ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: ОЛІЯР МАРІЯ , ФОМІН КАТЕРИНА
Published: April 2023

Стаття присвячена проблемі соціальної адаптації майбутніх учителів початкових класів в освітньому середовищі ЗВО. Розкрито поняття соціальної адаптації, комунікативної компетентності студентів та її найважливіших компонентів. Висвітлено результати дослідження рівня соціальної адаптації студентів-першокурсників. Розкрито роль діалогічної культури майбутніх учителів, толерантності в комунікації як необхідних елементів успішної соціально-психологічної адаптації. Описано технологію формування комунікативної компетентності майбутніх педагогів.
МІСЦЕ І РОЛЬ LEGO МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПІД ЧАС ВИВЧЕННЯ КУРСУ "МЕТОДИКА ВИКЛАДАННЯ ПРЕДМЕТІВ МАТЕМАТИЧНОЇ ОСВІТНЬОЇ ГАЛУЗІ"
Authors: ЛУПІНОВИЧ СВІТЛАНА , ЛАПШИНА ІРИНА
Published: April 2023

Стаття присвячена теоретичному обґрунтуванню технології lego моделювання на уроках математики в початковій школі в умовах компетентнісного підходу. Авторами сформульовані основні принципи візуалізації навчальної діяльності молодших школярів на уроках математики за допомогою конструктора lego
КОРИСТАННЯ ЦИФРОВИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ ОНЛАЙНСЕРВІСУ "KAHOOT!" В ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ІГРОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: РОЗЛУЦЬКА ГАЛИНА , НАЗАРОВ ВОЛОДИМИР
Published: April 2023

У статті проаналізовано можливості застосування цифрових інструментів онлайн-сервісу "Kahoot!" у грі в освітньому процесі початкової освіти на основі емпіричних і теоретичних методів дослідження. Доведено, що цифрові ігрові технології у початковій освіті займають значиме місце, оскільки є складовою частиною сучасного педагогічного інструментарію, засобом взаємодії учасників освітнього процесу. Доходимо висновку, що ігри онлайн-сервісу "Kahoot!" містять потенціал у формуванні суб'єктної позиції дитини щодо власної діяльності, спілкування і самоствердження у соціумі. Узагальнено, що його цифрові інструменти стимулюють дитину молодшого шкільного віку до набуття інформаційної компетентності, створює сприятливі умови для розвитку дослідницької активності, креативності, моделювання ситуації, творчого самовияву, створення асоціативних схем, усвідомленого пошуку інформації та самостійного опанування нових технологій за допомогою цифрових пристроїв.
РОЗВИТОК КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА ВЧИТЕЛІВ У СИСТЕМІ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ
Authors: МАРИНОВСЬКА ОКСАНА
Published: April 2023

У статті розкрито особливості розвитку компетентності педагогічного партнерства вчителів у системі підвищення кваліфікації педагогічних працівників з урахуванням нормативно заданого змісту та результатів наукових досліджень щодо змісту, структури поняття "компетентність педагогічного партнерства".
Análisis comparativo de algoritmos concurrentes basado en tecnología web para optimizar el proceso de suscripción en los servicios de streaming
Authors: Torres Talaverano Luz Elena , Huarhuachi Ortega Andrea Mariana , Quito Cucho Giajahira Cristhel , Fernandez Caillahua Felix Alfonso , Alania Inga Gustavo Adolfo , Petrlik Azabache Ivan Carlo
Published: April 2023

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad realizar un análisis comparativo para optimizar el proceso de suscripción en los servicios de streaming a través de algoritmos concurrentes. La problemática de esta investigación es la dificultad de la suscripción en los clientes de las diversas compañías de streaming, la cual se debe a la falta de mantenimiento y gestión de suscripciones masivas, generando colapsos en las plataformas que ofrecen este servicio. Los algoritmos concurrentes han demostrado ser una solución eficiente al problema en la gestión de recursos en sistemas altamente visitados. El diseño de la investigación fue cualitativo y el tipo fue descriptivo, el resultado demuestra que por medio de la comparación de los algoritmos concurrentes en la plataforma web, tenemos un algoritmo desarrollado en Go (Sincronización, Message Passing y Barreras binarias), que al ejecutar el testeo, indica que con 1000 solicitudes para el proceso de suscripción se obtiene un tiempo de respuesta medio de 1402 ms con un rendimiento de 249.2 procesos por segundo en cambio el otro algoritmo desarrollado en PHP , que al ejecutar el testeo , indica que con 1000 solicitudes para el proceso de suscripción se obtiene un tiempo de respuesta medio de 1689 ms con un rendimiento de 524 procesos por segundo. Finalmente, llegamos a la conclusión del uso del algoritmo concurrente desarrollado en Go bajo la plataforma web, optimiza el proceso en base a sus indicadores de tiempo de respuesta medio y rendimiento para la suscripción en los servicios de streaming a través de la Sincronización, Message Passing y Barreras binarias.
Transformación digital en el Derecho
Authors: Huapaya Chumpitaz Mario , Cortez Chistama Grace Antonella , Cortez Chistama Fiorella Katherine , García Conde Ronald Ulises
Published: April 2023

La irrupción de la tecnología de la información especialmente internet ha propiciado que la abogacía se encuentre en una etapa de importantes transformaciones permitiendo simplificar muchas de las actividades cotidianas en la que se considera los datos como un factor de producción tan importante como el capital físico o el humano, a partir de las que se infiere que los profesionales del derecho que se adapten y aprovechen a los grandes datos se volverán más competitivos en donde la equidad y posesión de estos se volverá tan importante como el valor mismo de la marca, al mismo tiempo que resulta un requerimiento imperativo reflexionar sobre el marco jurídico más adecuado a los requerimientos teniendo en consideración que se trata con información muy sensible de la que es obligación, tanto ética como legal, hacer un uso responsable. El uso de la tecnología y los datos, facilita a los profesionales la oportunidad de ser mucho más eficientes y de disponer de más tiempo para dedicarnos a asuntos relacionados al conocimiento y a los equipos de trabajo. El proceso de Transformación Digital en Estudios de abogacía y para empresas que ofrecen Servicios Profesionales en abogacía hace referencia a la aplicación de técnicas, métodos, herramientas y estrategias digitales en cada uno de los procesos de trabajo y funcionamiento. No debe considerarse una opción, sino un requerimiento imperativo de innovarse adaptándose a la digitalización con el afán de seguir siendo competitivas.
La fotogrametría anatómica como medio de simulación pre quirúrgica en neurocirugía
Authors: Moscol Gonzales Jorge , Villaseca Carrasco Raúl , Ramos Serrano Daniela , Benites Bazán Milagros
Published: April 2023

En razón a la grave situación creada por la pandemia del Covid - 19, nos vimos obligados a enseñar anatomía de manera no presencial; hecho que nos comprometió a buscar la mejor manera de llevar el preparado cadavérico a nuestros alumnos a través de las redes de internet. De esta forma logramos virtualizar diversas piezas anatómicas, para el caso de este trabajo, de la cabeza y la columna vertebral con sus contenidos; las mismas que pueden ser interpretadas y manipuladas desde el punto de vista neuroquirúrgico; no sólo para recordar la anatomía antes del acto operatorio, sino también para planificar un correcto abordaje quirúrgico con la imagen cadavérica desde la sala de operaciones.
Recomendación de cirugía refractiva mediante arboles de decisión
Authors: Cortez Vásquez Augusto Parcemon , Aguilar Luna Victoria Miguel Angel
Published: April 2023

Introducción: Este artículo presenta los resultados finales de la construcción de un árbol de decisión a partir de un conjunto de datos de pacientes para recomendación de cirugía refractiva. Objetivo: Identificar las condiciones favorables para recomendación de cirugía refractiva. Método: Se utilizo el algoritmo PARTICION para la construcción de un árbol de decisión a partir de un conjunto de datos de pacientes, que luego sirvió para clasificar ejemplos distintos. Resultados: Se realizo una revisión exhaustiva sobre las condiciones para realizar una cirugía refractiva. A partir de un conjunto de datos y las condiciones establecidas se construyó el árbol de decisión. Conclusiones: Los árboles de decisión permiten sirve como instrumento de clasificación y de recomendación para someterse a cirugía refractiva.
When social status gets in the way of reproduction in modern settings: An evolutionary mismatch perspective
Authors: Yong Jose C. , Lim Amy J. , Li Norman P.
Published: April 2023

Low fertility is a growing concern in modern societies. While economic and structural explanations of reproductive hindrances have been informative to some extent, they do not address the fundamental motives that underlie reproductive decisions and are inadequate to explain why East Asian countries, in particular, have such low fertility rates. The current paper advances a novel account of low fertility in modern contexts by describing how modern environments produce a mismatch between our evolved mechanisms and the inputs they were designed to process, leading to preoccupations with social status that get in the way of mating and reproductive outcomes. We also utilize developed East Asian countries as a case study to further highlight how culture may interact with modern features to produce ultralow fertility, sometimes to the extent that people may give up on parenthood or even mating altogether. Through our analysis, we integrate several lines of separate research, elucidate the fundamental dynamics that drive trade-offs between social status and reproductive effort, add to the growing literature on evolutionary mismatch, and provide an improved account of low fertility in modern contexts.
Línguas selvagens não podem ser domadas: mulheres, linguagem e filosofia
Authors: Monteiro Juliana de Moraes
Published: April 2023

Resumo: No artigo, discuto como, de acordo com Barbara Cassin, a metafísica da tradição foi marcada por um regime discursivo com base nos imperativos de significado e significação, ao qual eu nomeio, no desenvolvimento da presente investigação, como masculino. Tendo em vista uma visada filosófica sobre o problema da linguagem, pretendo explorar as consequências políticas desse projeto que historicamente excluiu e silenciou mulheres ao aliar uma linguagem logocêntrica ao falocentrismo de uma cultura patriarcal, sendo este corolário daquele. Mobilizando referências da filosofia, da psicanálise, e também do campo da arte, tanto da literatura quanto das artes visuais, busco, no texto, interrogar se haveria - ou o que caracterizaria - uma experiência feminina da linguagem que nos permita pensar uma saída para fora da tirania do sentido legada por Aristóteles ao pensamento ocidental.
Structure and floristics of the plant community in Lagoa do São Bento, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil
Authors: Silva Carolina Penna e , Dutra Jr. Daniel Luiz da Silva , Machado Davi Nepomuceno da Silva , Barros Ana Angélica Monteiro de , Pontes Jorge Antônio Lourenço
Published: April 2023

Abstract Lagoa do São Bento is a coastal restinga wetland, remnant of a paleolake, located in Maricá, RJ. The study aimed to inventory native aquatic plants, make a floristic comparison with other coastal lagoons and analyze the regeneration of this community after anthropic impacts. In the floristic analysis of aquatic plants, 45 species were listed, 39 of which are Angiosperms and six are Ferns. Aeschynomene paniculata, Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Montrichardia linifera and Torenia thouarsii are new records for the municipality and Tabebuia cassinoides is threatened. Emerging plants (21 spp.) stand out, followed by amphibians (16 spp.), free floating (4 spp.), fixed floating (3 spp.) and tolerant (1 sp.). The comparison showed greater similarity with the Jacarepiá lagoon, in Saquarema, sharing 21 species. The phytosociological inventory listed 87 species, 83 of which were Angiosperms and four Ferns. The species with the highest IVI were: Fuirena umbellata, Pleroma gaudichaudianum, Xyris jupicai, Typha domingensis, Salvinia aff. auriculata, Eleocharis interstincta, Rhynchospora gigantea, Nymphoides humboldtiana, Nymphaea caerulea and Clitoria laurifolia. Shannon, Simpson and equity indexes were 3.83, 0.03 and 0.85, respectively. Native aquatic species represent the majority of the total inventoried (54%), with a considerable supply of exotic and ruderal, whose colonization reflects the anthropic interventions.