bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of process-induced strain glass states in austenitic and martensitic NiTi shape memory alloy plates
Authors: John Neha S. , Ashmore Bailey , Wall Michael T. , Wheeler Robert W. , Young Marcus L. , Giri Anit K.
Published: September 2023

Strain glass alloys (SGAs) are metallic alloys with glassy martensitic nanodomains within a crystalline material that occur from compositionally or processing-induced strain. SGAs originate from shape memory alloys (SMAs) and exhibit similar shape memory properties and high actuation densities. The transition from SMA to SGA is relatively unexplored, and although there are similarities to amorphous SMAs and cold-worked SMAs, SGAs should be distinguished as a separate grouping. The transition occurs by interrupting the long-range martensitic order, which in turn disrupts the martensitic transformation, resulting in short-range martensitic order. A glassy martensitic phase is produced that exhibits enhanced structural and load-bearing abilities, functional stresses, and recoverability. In this study, the transformation from SMA to SGA is explored in two common commercially available SMAs, Ni49.5Ti50.5 and Ni50.8Ti49.2 (at. %), to compare martensitic versus austenitic SGAs, respectively. SMA plates were cold worked in 5% increments until a strain glass transition occurred. Characterizations of the samples at various stages of cold work were examined via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Vickers hardness, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD). Some prominent characteristics between the two plates, such as enthalpy peaks, twin size reduction, and crystallographic structure, were examined and compared to improve the understanding of the SMA to SGA transition.
GFS-CNN: A GPU-friendly Secure Computation Platform for Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Guo Chao , Cheng Ke , Fu Jiaxuan , Fan Ruolu , Chang Zhao , Zhang Zhiwei , Song Anxiao
Published: September 2023

Outsourcing convolutional neural network (CNN) inference services to the cloud is extremely beneficial, yet raises critical privacy concerns on the proprietary model parameters of the model provider and the private input data of the user. Previous studies have indicated that some cryptographic tools such as secure multi-party computation (MPC) can be used to achieve secure outsourced inferences. However, MPC-based approaches often require a large number of communication rounds across two or more non-colluding servers, which make them hard to exploit GPU acceleration. In this paper, we propose GFS-CNN, a GPU-friendly secure computation platform for convolutional neural networks. The following two specific efforts of GFS-CNN have been made by combining machine learning and cryptography techniques. Firstly, We use quadratic activation functions to replace most of the ReLU functions without losing much accuracy, so as to create a mixed linear layer for better efficiency by integrating convolution, batch normalization, and quadratic activation. Secondly, for the rest ReLU functions, we implement the secure ReLU protocol using function secret sharing, enabling GFS-CNN to evaluate the secure comparison function via a single interaction during the online phase. Extensive experiments demonstrate that GFS-CNN is accuracy-preserving and reduces online inference time by 16.4% on VGG-16 models compared to Delphi (USENIX Security’20).
A Least Significant Bit Steganographic Method Using Hough Transform Technique
Authors: Nashat Dalia , Mamdouh Loay
Published: September 2023

Steganography is a data-hiding scientific branch that aims to hide secret data in an image, video, or audio. Image steganography methods try to embed a large amount of data into images with high imperceptibility. However, increasing the number of embedded data in the image decreases its quality. Therefore, in this paper, a new method based on Least Significant Bit (LSB) using Hough Transform is proposed to improve the stego image quality with increasing the amount of embedded data. The LSB is the common embedding steganography method due to its simplicity of implementation and low complexity. The proposed method inverts the LSBs of image pixels to enhance the quality of stego image. First, improved edge detection filter is used to detect edges areas. Then, we invert LSBs for the pixel in edge area pixels. Finally, the LSBs smooth area pixels of the cover image are inverted. The performance of the presented method is evaluated for the stego image quality and the amount of embedded data. The results show that the new method has better performance in comparison with the current methods in terms of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and capacity.
Análise epidemiológica dos níveis de atividade física e dos aspectos da Síndrome de Burnout entre os profissionais de saúde do município de Araguaína em 2022
Authors: De Andrade Vitor Soares Machado , Dos Santos Samuel Winícios , Ferraz Leandro , Ferraz Fabrícia de Jesus Silva
Published: September 2023

Introdução: a síndrome de Burnout (SB) é caracterizada por sinais e sintomas que espelham o estado de exaustão física e mental decorrentes de um ambiente que provoca estresse crônico. O exercício físico, como gerador de diversos benefícios físicos e psíquicos – pode estar relacionado a uma diminuição dos aspectos dessa síndrome. Objetivos: verificar a presença de aspectos da síndrome de Burnout (SB) e analisar o nível de atividade física entre os profissionais de saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na linha de frente do COVID-19. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, com objetivo descritivo, de abordagem quali-quantitativa, de natureza básica, realizada no município de Araguaína do Estado do Tocantins com 53 profissionais do SUS (médicos, enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem, dentistas, fisioterapeutas, entre outros). Foram aplicados três questionários com questões objetivas acerca do nível de atividade física, da presença de aspectos da SB e da correlação entre a prática de exercício físico e a atenuação dos aspectos da SB. A análise descritiva foi realizada através dos gráficos, cálculos de média simples e tabelas de frequência, com a intenção de sintetizar e explorar os dados coletados. Resultados/Discussão: a média de idade dos profissionais entrevistados foi de aproximadamente 35 anos; 25 praticam atividade física de forma vigorosa, 19 de maneira moderada e 9 foram classificados como leve; 25 participantes praticam atividade física de forma adequada de acordo com o tempo mínimo ideal; 5 entrevistados apresentaram aspectos relevantes da SB; 2 dos entrevistados com aspectos da SB praticam atividade física de forma adequada. Conclusão: por efeito da metodologia empregada, torna-se inviável associar as variáveis do estudo e, por isso, mantém-se a dúvida sobre a influência da atividade física como forma de amenizar os aspectos da SB. Contudo, contribui-se com a descrição e registro de alguns determinantes da condição de saúde dos profissionais atuantes.
Cirurgia endoscópica endonasal de tumores de base do crânio: uma nova perspectiva
Authors: Assunção Larissa Rodrigues , Boaventura Felipe Gomes , Da Silva Amábile Castro , Tomazini Hisllani Thauanni dos Santos , Franca Emanuele Janoca , Sikorski Amanda Carolina , Queiroz Patricia de Castro Ferreira , Alves Douglas Felipe de Brito , Custódio Crysller Blenda de Souza , Lucas Felipe Toledo
Published: September 2023

A cirurgia endoscópica endonasal (CEE) evoluiu ao longo de um século, para se tornar uma técnica estabelecida e amplamente utilizada nas duas últimas décadas, na abordagem de tumores, lesões císticas e vasculares do viscerocrânio. Os tumores de base de crânio são de difícil acesso, e muitas das vezes, põem em risco estruturas nobres adjacentes.  As vantagens da CEE tratadas no artigo, incluem menor tempo de internação e melhor recuperação pós-operatória com bom resultado estético. Além disso, menor risco de traumas vasculares, plegia de nervos periféricos e meningite quando comparada à cirurgia microscópica transesfenoidal e a transcraniana aberta. Apesar de ser minimamente invasiva, ainda podem ocorrer complicações, como necessidade de incisões maiores para ampliar a visualização e rompimentos vasculares na região nasal, sobretudo venosos. Há limitações para acessar cirurgicamente as lesões no terceiro ventrículo, enquanto existem maiores taxas de sucesso nas abordagens de lesões selares e suprasselares, tais como adenomas hipofisários, cordomas e meningiomas. A CEE é uma alternativa eficaz, e precisa estar no rol de opções do neurocirurgião durante a escolha de tratamento cirúrgico dos tumores de base de crânio.
O impacto da resistência antimicrobiana bacteriana no manejo da Sepse Neonatal
Authors: Araújo Bárbara Luíza de Arruda , De Souza Diogo Quintino , Martins Gabriel Lima , Peixoto Henrique Gomes Rocha , Correa João Lucas Guelber , Pires Lara Maria Toledo , Werneck Lory Arantes , De Assis Paula Alvim , Freire Paulo Eduardo de Jesus , Nunes Tales Corrêa
Published: September 2023

A sepse neonatal é uma síndrome clínica a qual se caracteriza pela presença de bacteremia associada a sinais e sintomas sistêmicos de infecção no primeiro mês de vida, sendo considerada a terceira causa mais frequente de mortalidade neonatal pela OMS. Frequentemente, a prescrição empírica de antibióticos é necessária para se tratar precocemente essa condição clínica com grande letalidade, tendo em vista a dificuldade de se realizar seu diagnóstico de forma precisa nos primeiros dias de sintomas. Nesse contexto, o aumento da resistência antimicrobiana (RAM) em relação ao tratamento preconizado na atualidade tem se tornando tema de debate no meio científico. A RAM ocorre quando alterações nas bactérias permitem com que os medicamentos usados para tratar infecções se tornem menos eficazes, sendo considerada pela OMS como uma questão urgente que requer um plano de ação global para ser resolvido, uma vez que se não for controlada, a disseminação da RAM pode tornar muitos patógenos ainda mais letais do que são atualmente. Dessa forma, novas opções terapêuticas promissoras têm sido debatidas para uma possível substituição da terapia empírica da sepse neonatal definida na atualidade.
Relação entre antidepressivos e deficiência de vitamina B12 – revisão de literatura
Authors: Dressel Paula
Published: September 2023

Introdução: a depressão é um transtorno mental caracterizado por sintomas de tristeza e alterações de humor e o seu tratamento é feito à base de medicações, principalmente antidepressivos. A etiologia da doença é multifatorial, no entanto, discussões recentes têm vinculado a deficiência de vitamina B12 ao desenvolvimento da doença. Objetivos: discutir sobre a relação entre o uso de antidepressivos e a deficiência de vitamina B12 em pessoas com depressão. Metodologia: revisão bibliográfica em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais priorizando os últimos 5 anos em inglês e português. Resultados e discussão: foram selecionados 4 artigos para análise que. Os artigos evidenciam a importância da manutenção de níveis adequados de vitamina B12 no organismo, visto que a mesma potencializa o efeito dos antidepressivos. Conclusão: a avaliação dos níveis séricos e correção de possíveis deficiências de vitamina B12 é importante para ao prognóstico da depressão.
How Do Natural Factor and Human Activity Affect Urban Land Surface Heat Environment in China?
Authors: Qiao Zhi , He Tong , Wang Nan , Wu Feng , Chen Jiayue , Xu Xinliang , Liu Luo , Zhang Qian
Published: September 2023

In climate change adaptation and mitigation, including the reduction of negative impacts associated with urban heat environment, it is essential to quantify the contributions of natural and anthropogenic factors. Using remotely sensed land surface temperature, emissivity, land use types, and nightlight data for 364 Chinese cities, we proposed an urban land surface heat environment change attribution algorithm based on land use types, attributing the change of urban land surface heat environment to natural factors, land use change, and other anthropogenic factors at urban scale. From 2005 to 2020, summer daytime land surface temperature decreased and increased in 40.93% and 59.07% of these cities, respectively. Natural factors made a larger contribution than land use change and other anthropogenic factors to urban land surface temperature changes in 79.67% of cities; in 60.44% of cities, other anthropogenic factors other than land use change and natural factors experienced the highest contribution intensities. Three factors were spatially heterogeneous. Urban land surface temperatures were influenced by background natural climate endowment and human social development values, increasing with population density (up to 2,000 people·km
−2
) and annual precipitation (up to 800 mm·year
−1
). These results have important implications for the detection and attribution of urban-scale climate change and will be useful in designing management plans to optimize land use configuration, lead in climate actions, and carry out collaborative mitigation and adaptation strategies to achieve sustainable development.
Dynamic Evolution of the Ecological Resilience and Response under the Context of Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Li Bo , Li Xinyuan , Liu Chenghao
Published: September 2023

Among the background of rapid urbanization and climate change, the capacity of urban ecosystems to recover from disturbances has been considerably disrupted. However, the existing study often lacks dynamic assessments in terms of the response process underlying ecological resilience. Here we use the “resistance, adaptability, and recovery” framework to quantify the ecological resilience, and the dynamic response of ecological resilience to carbon storage and emissions was investigated. The results showed that (a) the ecological resilience of Dalian demonstrated a trend of continuous decline from 2005 to 2019; (b) the clustering characteristics of cold/hot spots for ecological resilience in Dalian were obvious. The cold spots of ecological resilience agglomerated into larger cold spots area during the study. The new patches were mainly located in the southern of Jinzhou and the downtown area of Dalian; (c) carbon storage had a clear positive impact on urban ecological resilience, and this impact showed an increasing trend. In contrast, carbon emissions had a clear negative impact on urban ecological resilience. The piecewise linear regression results reveal that the impact of carbon emission on ecological resilience had a threshold effect, and the area above the threshold became the key area for ecological resilience management; (d) according to the development trend and response conclusion of ecological resilience, the study area was divided into areas of low ecological resilience emission reduction, high ecological resilience carbon storage, and ecological resilience stability protection zone. The present study provides spatial guidance for investigating the evolution and response process of ecological resilience.
Generic Interpretable Reaction Condition Predictions with Open Reaction Condition Datasets and Unsupervised Learning of Reaction Center
Authors: Wang Xiaorui , Hsieh Chang-Yu , Yin Xiaodan , Wang Jike , Li Yuquan , Deng Yafeng , Jiang Dejun , Wu Zhenxing , Du Hongyan , Chen Hongming , Li Yun , Liu Huanxiang , Wang Yuwei , Luo Pei , Hou Tingjun , Yao Xiaojun
Published: September 2023

Effective synthesis planning powered by deep learning (DL) can significantly accelerate the discovery of new drugs and materials. However, most DL-assisted synthesis planning methods offer either none or very limited capability to recommend suitable reaction conditions (RCs) for their reaction predictions. Currently, the prediction of RCs with a DL framework is hindered by several factors, including: (a) lack of a standardized dataset for benchmarking, (b) lack of a general prediction model with powerful representation, and (c) lack of interpretability. To address these issues, we first created 2 standardized RC datasets covering a broad range of reaction classes and then proposed a powerful and interpretable Transformer-based RC predictor named Parrot. Through careful design of the model architecture, pretraining method, and training strategy, Parrot improved the overall top-3 prediction accuracy on catalysis, solvents, and other reagents by as much as 13.44%, compared to the best previous model on a newly curated dataset. Additionally, the mean absolute error of the predicted temperatures was reduced by about 4 °C. Furthermore, Parrot manifests strong generalization capacity with superior cross-chemical-space prediction accuracy. Attention analysis indicates that Parrot effectively captures crucial chemical information and exhibits a high level of interpretability in the prediction of RCs. The proposed model Parrot exemplifies how modern neural network architecture when appropriately pretrained can be versatile in making reliable, generalizable, and interpretable recommendation for RCs even when the underlying training dataset may still be limited in diversity.
Biomimetic Gland Models with Engineered Stratagems
Authors: Lin Xiang , Sun Lingyu , Lu Minhui , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: September 2023

As extensively distributed tissues throughout the human body, glands play a critical role in various physiological processes. Therefore, the construction of biomimetic gland models in vitro has aroused great interest in multiple disciplines. In the biological field, the researchers focus on optimizing the cell sources and culture techniques to reconstruct the specific structures and functions of glands, such as the emergence of organoid technology. From the perspective of biomedical engineering, the generation of biomimetic gland models depends on the combination of engineered scaffolds and microfluidics, to mimic the in vivo environment of glandular tissues. These engineered stratagems endowed gland models with more biomimetic features, as well as a wide range of application prospects. In this review, we first describe the biomimetic strategies for constructing different in vitro gland models, focusing on the role of microfluidics in promoting the structure and function development of biomimetic glands. After summarizing several common in vitro models of endocrine and exocrine glands, the applications of gland models in disease modelling, drug screening, regenerative medicine, and personalized medicine are enumerated. Finally, we conclude the current challenges and our perspective of these biomimetic gland models.
Insight into the Role and Evidence of Oxygen Vacancies in Porous Single-Crystalline Oxide to Enhance Catalytic Activity and Durability
Authors: Ye Lingting , Ma Jiaming , Zhang Jie , Yin Wen , Xia Yuanguang , Xie Kui
Published: September 2023

Introducing and stabilizing oxygen vacancies in oxide catalysts is considered to be a promising strategy for improving catalytic activity and durability. Herein, we quantitatively create oxygen vacancies in the lattice of porous single-crystalline β-Ga
2
O
3
monoliths by reduction treatments and stabilize them through the long-range ordering of crystal lattice to enhance catalytic activity and durability. The combination analysis of time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and extended x-ray absorption fine structure discloses that the preferential generation of oxygen vacancy tends to occur at the site of tetrahedral coordination oxygen ions (O
III
sites), which contributes to the formation of unsaturated Ga–O coordination in the monoclinic phase. The oxygen vacancies are randomly distributed in lattice even though some of them are present in the form of domain defect in the PSC Ga
2
O
3
monoliths after the reduction treatment. The number of oxygen vacancies in the reduced monoliths gives 2.32 × 10
13
, 2.87 × 10
13
, and 3.45 × 10
13
mg
−1
for the Ga
2
O
2.952
, Ga
2
O
2.895
, and Ga
2
O
2.880
, respectively. We therefore demonstrate the exceptionally high C
2
H
4
selectivity of ~100% at the C
2
H
6
conversion of ~37% for nonoxidative dehydrogenation of C
2
H
6
to C
2
H
4
. We further demonstrate the excellent durability even at 620 °C for 240 h of continuous operation.
The Advent of Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesiology and Pain Management: A Review Article
Authors: Latifi Kaveh , Negaresh Mohammad , Javanshir Nima , Safari Saeid
Published: September 2023

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has brought about advancements in several areas, including anesthesiology. A description of the current state of the literature regarding the use of AI in relation to anesthesiology is needed to analyze whether AI is implemented in clinical anesthetic practice. AI and machine learning (ML) have been proven to be useful in developing effective healthcare strategies. Although AI has been employed to automate anesthetic delivery, it is not yet that common in anesthesiology and pain management. Methods: Various studies on the diverse uses of AI in the areas related to anesthesiology were compiled from several databases such as the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Medline (Ovid), and PubMed from 2003 to 2023. The obtained data were then classified, condensed, and juxtaposed finally. The study included diverse permutations of AI, ML, pain, and anesthesiology. Results: Postoperative pain has been one of the major concerns of anesthesiologists, and poor management in this regard can be associated with adverse events. In recent years, remarkable advances have been made in pain management strategies. One of them, which has attracted increasing attention, is the use of AI in anesthesiology and pain management. However, despite its great popularity, it has not been without challenges. Conclusion: In general, most of the studies explored in this review article have envisaged a bright future for the use of AI in anesthesiology and pain management. Some studies, however, have reported mixed results. Accordingly, further investigations with larger sample sizes are required to validate these findings.
Long and Short-terms Effects of Ablative Fractional Laser Therapy on Human Skin: A Network Analysis
Authors: Razzaghi Zahra , Arjmand Babak , Rezaei Tavirani Mostafa , Hamzeloo-Moghadam Maryam , Rostami Nejad Mohammad , Robati Reza Mohamoud
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Time-dependent effects of laser radiation have been investigated by researchers. An understanding of the molecular mechanism of the time course effect of the laser needs molecular assessment and function evaluation of the related genes. In the present study, the importance of repetition of treatment after 4 weeks and gene expression alteration after 7 days of laser radiation versus one day on the human skin was evaluated via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and gene ontology enrichment. Methods: The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and assessed via PPI network analysis. The critical DEGs were enriched via gene ontology. The related biological processes and biochemical pathways were retrieved from "GO-Biological process" and "Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes" (KEGG) respectively. Results: The repetition of laser therapy after 4 weeks of the first treatment did not have a significant effect on treatment efficacy. Sixty-three significant DEGs and six classes of biological terms discriminated the samples seven days after the treatment from individuals one day after the treatment. The studied DEGs were organized into two clusters with certain functions. Conclusion: Based on the findings after laser therapy, several days are required to complete the critical processes such as DNA biosynthesis and skin cornification.
Comparison of Wavelength-Dependent Penetration Depth of 532 nm and 660 nm Lasers in Different Tissue Types
Authors: Aldalawi Ali A. , Suardi Nursakinah , Ahmed Naser Mahmoud , Al-Farawn Mahdi A. S. , Dheyab Mohammed Ali , Jebur Wisam I. , Kadhim Faisal J.
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The depth of laser light penetration into tissue is a critical factor in determining the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the optimal laser light penetration depth necessary for achieving maximum therapeutic outcomes in PDT remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of laser light penetration depth at two specific wavelengths, 532 nm and 660 mm. Methods: Chicken and beef of different thicknesses (1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 mm±0.2 mm) were used as in vitro tissue models. The samples were subjected to irradiation by a low-level laser diode of 532 and 660 nm in continuous mode for 10 minutes. with power densities of 167 and 142 J/cm2 , respectively. Laser light transmission through the tissue was measured using a power meter. Results: For beef samples, the 660 nm wavelength achieved a maximum transmission intensity of 30.7% at 1 cm thickness, while the 532 nm laser had a transmission intensity of 6.5%. Similarly, in chicken breast samples, the maximum transmission occurred at 1 cm thickness with 68.1% for the 660 nm wavelength and 18.2% for the 532 nm laser. Conclusion: Results consistently demonstrated a significant correlation (P<0.05) between tissue thickness and laser light penetration. Thicker tissues exhibited faster declines in light transmission intensity compared to thinner tissues within 10 minutes. These findings highlight the importance of further research to enhance light delivery in thicker tissues and improve the efficacy of PDT in various medical conditions.
A Good Craftsperson Knows Their Tools: Understanding of Laser and Ureter Mechanics in Training Urologists
Authors: O’Meara Sorcha , Croghan Stefanie , O’Brien Fergal J. , Davis Niall F.
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Recent decades have seen a move to minimally invasive techniques to manage urolithiasis. Trainees are expected to develop competency in common endourology procedures. Knowledge of ureter mechanics and the theory behind new technologies is important to ensure safe and efficient techniques. We aim to evaluate the exposure to endourology, self-reported competency in common techniques and knowledge of basic ureter biomechanics and technology in training urologists. Methods: An online survey was circulated to all training urologists in the Republic of Ireland. Questions focused on self-reported competency, clinical knowledge, ureter mechanical properties and laser technology. Results: Thirty responses were received with a range of 1-8 years of urology experience (mean=4 years). The respondents reported high levels of exposure to endourology with the majority reporting competency in flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) (n=18, 60%) and semi-rigid ureteroscopy (URS) (n=21, 70%). The respondents demonstrated good clinical knowledge but variable knowledge of laser settings, laser thermodynamics and ureter mechanics. Half of the respondents (n=15, 50%) correctly described fragmentation laser settings, with 10 trainees (n=33%) accurately identifying both factors that increase ureteral access sheath (UAS) insertion force. Most of the respondents (n=20, 67%) described the proximal ureter as the site with the greatest compliance, while the site of the greatest force during ureteroscope insertion was correctly identified by 17% (n=5). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this represents the first study evaluating urologist understanding of laser technology and the mechanical properties of the human ureter. Despite trainees reporting high levels of experience in endourology, there is a variable understanding of the principles of laser technology and ureter mechanics. Further research and education are needed with a focus on laser safety, suitable laser settings and the safe limit of insertion forces.
Combination of Fractional Er:YAG Laser, Pulsed Dye Laser, and Intralesional Triamcinolone With 5-Fluorouracil for Keloid Treatment
Authors: Anggawirya Bonnie Yudistha , Wardhani Putri Hendria , Indramaya Diah Mira , Listiawan Muhammad Yulianto
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Benign fibroproliferative scars that are larger than the initial lesion are called keloids. Keloids treatment in clinical practice is still difficult. Although there are various therapy choices, none is embraced by everyone or is relapse-free. Various treatment modalities such as intralesional corticosteroid injection with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), fractional Er:YAG laser, pulsed dye laser (PDL), and others can be used either as monotherapies or combined therapies. Therefore, efforts should be made to select the treatment that will provide the best results. Case Presentation: A 6-year-old boy with keloids on the lower lips extending to the chin was successfully treated with a 2940-nm fractional Er:YAG laser alternated with a 595-nm long-PDL followed by the combined intralesional injection of corticosteroid and 5-FU. The patient was followed up for 1 year with no lesion recurrence. Conclusion: Our case supports a combined therapy to successfully treat a patient with a keloid on the chin. Therapy using a combination of these four modalities seems safe and effective and may have a synergistic effect with minimal downtime.
Effectiveness of peer assisted learning in improving HIV knowledge, attitude, and perception among community health workers
Authors: Heidarpoor Peigham , Mousavikashi Seyedehbeheshteh
Published: September 2023

Background: Community health workers (CHWs) act as a bridge between community and clinical care in caring for HIV patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of peer education in improving HIV knowledge, attitude, and perception of CHWs in Babol, Iran in 2019. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted among CHWs in the health centers of Babol, Iran. The city was divided into two areas of the North and the South according to the geographical map. Then, based on the list of the health centers in each of the areas, one health center was randomly selected and assigned to either the experimental or the control group. Results: Following peer education, all study variables including knowledge score, attitude, and perception about HIV-related issues significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the pre-intervention phase (P=0.002, P=0.02, and P=0.00 respectively). The most significant change was in misconception score with a approximately large effect size (0.78), presenting an increase of 95.53% from 15 to 29.33 after the intervention, while attitude and knowledge respectively presented 85.04% and 81.07% increase with a smaller effect size of 0.57 and 0.52. Conclusion: In the study peer education proved to be an effective strategy in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and perception of CHWs concerning HIV/AIDS. Therefore, the peer-to-peer training model can fill a critical gap in the training of CHW based on the idea that not only do the CHWs themselves need to enhance their knowledge of related topics but they also need to train others. In turn, this will result in providing cost-effective health promotion and prevention services in a more culturally appropriate manner.
Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual sebagai Turut Tergugat dalam Perkara Gugatan Penghapusan Merek Terdaftar (Studi Putusan Nomor 991 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2019)
Authors: Pratama Jerry
Published: September 2023

Trademark is ones of intellectual property protected by the Directorate General of Ministry of Law and Human Rights based on the First to File principle. In principle, the registered trademark must be used by the applicant for goods and/or services. The trademark that has not been used for 3 years implied that the third person can file a lawsuit regarding the deletion of the trademark to the Commercial Court. The lawsuit will involve interested parties, such as the Trademark Applicant as a defendant and Directorate General of Intellectual Property as a co-defendant.

The research wants to describe how the Directorate General of Intellectual Property protects trademark as one of intellectual property and how important to involve the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Ministry of Law and Human Rights as a co-defendant on the lawsuit.

The researcher took the research object based on verdict number 991 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2019  in the case of trademark deletion where Directorate General of Intellectual Property didn't involve as a co-defendant on the lawsuit.

The result of this research shows that there is no obligation to involve the Directorate General of Intellectual Property as a co-defendant in the case of the trademark deletion lawsuit.
Kinerja Baznas Kabupaten Siak Dalam Upaya Mengurangi Kemiskinan Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pengelolaan Zakat
Authors: Hasibuan Supri Yadin
Published: September 2023

Tulisan ini mengangkat masalah kemiskinan yang menjadi problem di kalangan masyarakat, khususnya Umat Islam. Islam sebenarnya sdh memiliki sistem untuk mengurangu jumlah kemiskinan, akan tetapi masih dipandang dengan sebelah mata karena kemampuannya yang dianggap tidak representatif dalam membangun kekuatan ekonomi. Dalam hal ini, zakat memiliki potensi strategis yang layak dikembangkan menjadi salah satu instrumen pemerataan pendapatan masyarakat. Selama ini potensi zakat di Indonesia belum dikembangkan secara optimal dan belum dikelola secara profesional. Hal ini disebabkan belum efektifnya Lembaga Zakat yang menyangkut aspek pengumpulan administrasi, pendistribusian, monitoring serta evaluasinya. Dengan kata lain, sistem organsisasi dan manajemen pengelolaan zakat hingga kini dinilai masih bertaraf klasikal, bersifat konsumtif dan terkesan Inefisiensi sehingga kurang berdampak sosial yang berarti. Dengan alasan tersebut maka sangatlah penting peran Pemerintah dalam mengatasi masalah zakat tersebut. Melalui Lembaga Amil Zakat baik di Pusat maupun di Daerah diharapkan pengelolaan zakat dapat optimal. Peran Pemerintah dengan dikeluarkannya UU No. 23 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pengelolaan zakat menggantikan UU sebelumnya yaitu UU No. 38 Tahun 1999, tentang Pengelolaan Zakat telah membawa dampak positif bagi Umat Islam dalam mengelola zakat dari para muzakki. Sebagai tindak lanjut untuk menerapkan Undang-undang tersebut Kabupaten Siak telah mengeluarkan Perda Nomor 6 Tahun 2013 tentang Pengelolaan Zakat dan Infaq atau Shodaqoh Kabupaten Siak. Dengan Peraturan Daerah ini Pengelolaan Zakat di Kabupaten Siak lebih efektif dan berdaya guna sehingga mampu mengurangi jumlah kemiskinan.
Oviposition site of Megalurothrips sjostedti (fryb.) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on cowpea flowers: Short note
Authors: OKWAKPAM B.A
Published: September 2023

To establish the oviposition sites of Megalurothrips sjostedti (Tryb.), five different parts of cowpea flowers were sampled for eggs. Before examination, the flower parts were boiled in lactophenol to make them transparent. The investigation revealed a very high percentage (94.2%) of the total number of eggs in the calyx tube of the cowpea flower indicating that M. sjostedti oviposits mainly on the calyx tube. The remaining eggs (5.8%) were found in flower petals.
Assessment of exposure of pest control operators to pesticides in selected centres in Nigeria
Authors: OLAIFA J.I
Published: September 2023

The study is a profile of a sample of 135 pest control operators (PCOs) from 24 Federal and State Institutions, private and multinational companies in Nigeria with regard to their training, experience on the job, relative use of spraying equipment, work outfit, personal hygiene and health complaints. Majority (83%) of the PCOs were adults between 30-50 years of age, who learned on the job. The PCOs engaged mainly in the control of field insect pests (48.1%) and weeds (27.4%). About 50.0% worked part-time and 41% worked only during the rainy season. Rubber boots and overalls were the most popular clothing items and only 24.1% of the PCOs were fully satisfied with their work outfit. Improvements were needed on the shirt and trousers and on the cap for PCOs dealing with tree crops. Up to 54.2% of their work outfits were washed along with their household laundry. The commonest spraying equipment used were knapsack sprayers which after use were cleaned by 77.1% of the PCOs themselves or by 22.9% of the junior workers. Symptoms suspected to be related to pesticide exposure have been experienced by about 29% of the operators, yet 94.3% have never had their cholinesterase level tested. These findings are discussed in relation to pesticide legislation, education and training in Nigeria.
The zoogeographical distribution of Atherigona species (Diptera: Muscidae) in Nigeria
Authors: DIKE M.C.
Published: September 2023

Distributional records of Atherigona species in Nigeria were made. Atherigona lineata (Adams) and A. tomentigera van Emden were the most widely distributed as they were found in all the major ecological zones of Nigeria except the Sahel Savanna Zone. Many species were, however, not found outside their place of description. In the Owerri area of the Forest Zone, there are no records of Atherigona, possibly because of the scarcity of grasslands, the only suitable habitat for the insect. In other parts of the Forest Zone, limited records were made only in the derived passland areas. Most of the species occurred in the Northern and Southern Guinea Savanna Zones with the least record from the Sahel Savanna Zone. Several species were obtained from the mountainous areas of Mambilla Plateau and Obudu.
Some aspects of the biology of Conchyloctenia nigrosparsa Boh. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a sweet potato defoliator in southern Nigeria.
Authors: EMEHUTE J.K.U. , ODIETE W.O.
Published: September 2023

The behaviour and the biology of Conchyloctenia nigrosparsa Boh. were investigated in sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam; plots and in the laboratory. Adults and larvae fed voraciously on sweet potato leaves. Females required frequent copulation to sustain oviposition. Mating reduced adult life by 18-20 days, mated females outlived mated males by 6.0 days. A mated female laid 24.0 oothecae, each containing about 30.0 eggs. The stadium for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th, instars was 2;1.;l;3 and 4 days respectively. The developmental time from egg to adult emergence was 26-27 days when C. nigrosporsa was reared on L batatas, I repens (L.), Lcairica (L.) and L involucrata (Beauvois). The data also showed that the larval instars could be separated accurately by measuring the head capsules. Fifteen to six percent of eggs of C. nigrosparsa were parasitised by Tetrastichus sp. Hotea gambiae, Westw., Afrius purpureus Westw. and Rhincoris bicolor (p.) preyed actively on the. immature stages of C. nigrosparsa.
Morphology and histology of the accessory glands of’ male variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus L. (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) at different ages of the adult.
Authors: MUSE W.A. , BALOGUN R.A
Published: September 2023

The morphology and histology of the accessory glands of adult male Zonocerus variegatus Linnaeus) at different ages were described. The accessory glands consist of eleven pairs of slender tubules and five accessory gland types were identified. The glands comprised the basement membrane and an epithelial layer. As the insect aged, the cells of the epithelial layer decreased in height and the diameter of its lumen increased simultaneously suggesting an apocrine mode of secretion.
Effect of chemical control of insects at three growth stages on the yield parameters of Kenaf (Hibiscus canabinus L.) in Nigeria
Authors: ONU I.
Published: September 2023

Three sprays of a synthetic pyrethroid, Polytrin 440 EC (cypermethrin + protonenofos) were applied fortnightly to control insect pests at the vegetative, flowering and fruiting stages of Kenaf. These correspond to 2-6,6-10 and 10-14 weeks after planting (WAP). Data gathered included the number capsules damaged by both bollworms and sap-sucking insects. At harvest, data were collected on capsules, fibre and seed yield as well as stem length and diameter (butt). The plants protected only at the vegetative stage had mote capsules damaged by insect when compared with other treatments. Significantly higher seed yields were obtained from plants sprayed against insects at the flowering stage.
Invertase of the alimentary canal of the kola weevil, Sophrorhinus insperatus Faust
Authors: ADEDIRE C.O. , BALOGUN R.A
Published: September 2023

The nature of alpha-glucosidase in the alimentary canal of the kola weevil, Sophrorhinus insperatus Faust has been studied with respect to sucrose. In both larval and adult stages of the weevil. the optimum conditions for invertase activity involve a reaction mixture of pH 6.0 and 1% sucrose at 37°C. Enzymatic activity was consistently higher in the larva than in the adult, indicating that the larva is the more destructive stage of the weevil. Extracts of the nuts of Cola nitida and C. acuminata inhibited invertase activity to varying degrees in vitro, thus suggesting the presence of naturally occurring inhibitors in the two kola varieties. The possible roles of these inhibitors in plant resistance mechanisms are discussed.
Resistance of cassava cultivars to green spider mite, Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) infestation in Nigeria
Authors: EZULIKE T.O. , EGWUATU R.I
Published: September 2023

One thousand cassava cultivars in the germplasm were screened for resistance to the cassava green spider mite. Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) under natural field infestation. Twenty-one cultivars were identified as possessing levels of tolerance or resistance to the mite. These were subjected to artificial populations of M tanajoa in the greenhouse in order to confirm either their tolerance or resistance. Of the twenty-one cultivars, TMS 4(2) 1425 was found to be the most tolerant to M tanajoa infestation, followed by 74/538, Anti – Ota, 73/93, 30195 and 1531 in that order. These six cultivars supported fewer numbers of mites and four of them, TMS 4(2) 1425, 73/93,74/538, 74/538 and Anti – Ota, had pubescent leaves associated with resistance. Mite density and damage were not correlated with variations in leaf hydrogen cyanide content. This factor did not appear therefore to have influenced the mite resistance observed in the cassava cultivars.
Seenotrettung? Frag doch einfach!
Authors: Madjidian Nassim , Wissmann Sara
Published: September 2023

Seenotrettung erfolgt nahezu täglich – auch im Mittelmeer. Nassim Madjidian und Sara Wissmann beleuchten in ihrem Buch historische Hintergründe und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen der Seenotrettung. Anschaulich erklären sie, wann eine Seenot vorliegt und ob Seenotrettung strafbar ist. Auch auf die Rechtspflichten von Küsten- und Flaggenstaaten sowie von Kapitän:innen gehen sie ein. Dabei zeigen sie auf, welche Akteur:innen sich an Seenotrettungsoperationen beteiligen, und heben die menschenrechtliche Dimension von Seenotrettung hervor. Ein Kapitel zu den staatlichen und politischen Reaktionen auf maritime Migration und zivile Seenotrettung rundet den Band ab.
Frag doch einfach! Die utb-Reihe geht zahlreichen spannenden Themen im Frage-Antwort-Stil auf den Grund. Ein Must-have für alle, die mehr wissen und verstehen wollen.
Pflanzenbasierte Ernährung im Sport
Authors: Machner Dominik
Published: September 2023

Weltweit ernähren sich immer mehr Menschen fast oder vollständig ohne tierische Produkte. Dieses Buch stellt die Auswirkungen einer pflanzenbasierten Mischkost, vegetarischen und veganen Ernährungsweise auf die sportliche Leistungsfähigkeit dar mit dem Ziel, die aktuelle Studienlage und den wissenschaftlichen Konsens zur Sporternährung mit besonderem Fokus auf der pflanzenbasierten Ernährung zu beleuchten. Dafür wurden Daten auf der Ebene der Nährstoffe, Lebensmittelgruppen und Ernährungsmuster ausgewertet.
Ein unverzichtbares Lehr- und Nachschlagewerk für Studierende und Absolventen der Sport- und Ernährungswissenschaften.
utb+: Begleitend zum Buch stehen den Leser:innen in Form von Diagrammen zahlreiche Informationen zur Nährstoffzufuhr bei Mischkost, vegetarischer und veganer Ernährung bei Sportler:innen verschiedener Sportarten und in der Normalbevölkerung zur Verfügung. Die Darstellung der Inhalte erfolgt jeweils getrennt nach Männern und Frauen (Abbildungsteile a und b).
Tourismussoziologie
Authors: Heuwinkel Kerstin
Published: September 2023

Alle Ansätze und Paradigmen im Überblick
Tourismus nur durch die ökonomische Brille zu betrachten, greift zu kurz. Die Tourismuswirtschaft ist bedingt durch gesellschaftliche Zustände und Praktiken. Schließlich agieren Besucher:innen, Einheimische und touristische Dienstleister:innen miteinander. Auf dieses Beziehungsgeflecht geht Kerstin Heuwinkel ein:
Sie stellt tourismussoziologische Ansätze und Paradigmen vor, skizziert wichtige Methoden und vermittelt die Vielzahl von soziologischen Zugängen zum Tourismus – z. B. Werte und Normen, Rollen, Macht und Identität. Soziologische Anwendungsfelder skizziert sie zudem – u. a. Verantwortung im Tourismus, Mobilitäten, Embodiment und soziale Medien.
Ein Buch für Studierende der Tourismuswissenschaft, Soziologie und Humangeografie.
Wissenschaft gekonnt präsentieren
Authors: Franck Norbert
Published: September 2023

Wie gelingen Vorträge und (Poster-)Präsentationen? Wie gekonnt anfangen und wirkungsstark schließen? Was zeichnet einen professionellen Medieneinsatz aus? Wie souverän mit Lampenfieber umgehen und in Diskussionen bestehen? Ob Kongress-, Lehr- oder populärwissenschaftlicher Vortrag, Bewerbungsgespräch oder Moderation: Dieses Buch zeigt, wie Wissenschaft souverän präsentiert werden kann.
Grundlagen der Sportökonomie
Authors: Daumann Frank
Published: September 2023

Der Sport hat sich zu einem bedeutenden Wirtschaftsfaktor entwickelt. Die Sportökonomie wendet das ökonomische Instrumentarium auf das Phänomen „Sport“ an und leitet Empfehlungen für das Sportmanagement sowie die Sportpolitik ab.
Dieses Buch stellt die Disziplin im Detail vor: Es vermittelt die ökonomischen Grundlagen, geht auf die Besonderheiten der Zuschauernachfrage und der sportlichen Wettbewerbe ein. Es analysiert die Produktion sportlicher Leistungen im Teamsport und beleuchtet die ökonomischen Besonderheiten einer Liga und des Spielermarktes. Schließlich setzt es sich mit Sportwetten und der Digitalisierung im Sport auseinander.
Die vorliegende Neuauflage berücksichtigt die aktuellen Entwicklungen aus der Forschung und richtet sich an Studenten der Wirtschafts- und Sportwissenschaften.
Sozialraumanalysen
Authors: Spatscheck Christian , Wolf-Ostermann Karin
Published: September 2023

Das Buch fasst übersichtlich und handlungsorientiert das nötige Grundwissen und die
leitenden Methoden von Sozialraumanalysen in den Bereichen Soziales, Gesundheit und Bildung zusammen. Studierende und Fachkräfte werden in die Lage versetzt, Sozialraumanalysen eigenständig, verantwortlich und fundiert zu konzipieren, umzusetzen und auszuwerten. Eine unverzichtbare Grundlage in aktualisierter Neuauflage.
Grundlagen der Medienökonomie
Authors: Fuchs Christian
Published: September 2023

Das Buch führt in eine Vielzahl von Methoden und Themen ein, darunter die politische Ökonomie der Kommunikation im Kapitalismus, Medienkonzentration, Werbung, globale Medien und transnationale Medienkonzerne, Klassenverhältnisse und Arbeitsbedingungen in der Medien- und Kommunikationsindustrie, das Internet und digitale Medien, die Informationsgesellschaft und der digitale Kapitalismus, die Medien in der Öffentlichkeit, öffentlich-rechtliche Medien, das öffentlich-rechtliche Internet und das Medienmanagement.
Das Buch kann in Studiengängen mit den Schwerpunkten Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft, Digitale Medien, Medienökonomie, Soziologie, Politikwissenschaft, Management- und Organisationswissenschaft, Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Volkswirtschaftslehre und Betriebswirtschaftslehre eingesetzt werden.