bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conservation and Production of Ipecac (Cephaelis ipecacuanha Rich.) Plants from Long Term Shoot Cultures
Authors: Chaudhuri Rituparna Kundu , Jha Timir Baran
Published: November 2009

In vitro germplasms of ipecac (Cephaelis ipecacuanha Rich.), an important medicinal plant, maintained through reduced growth conditions for more than 12-years, were used as source material for micropropagation. MS with different combinations of Kn (2 mg/l), BAP (2 mg/l), 2iP (2-3 mg/l), NAA (0.2 mg/l) and adenine (40-100 mg/l) as additive was used to induce fresh multiplication of shoots from the nodal meristems and direct shoot bud initiation on the internodal segments. Complete plant regeneration has been achieved from such long term cultures. Regenerated plants maintained their phenotypic and chromosomal stability. Eighty per cent hardened plants, survived in the field condition, are growing well and 25% of them produced flowers within one year. Long term preservation through reduced growth conditions and successful regeneration of morphologically stable plants with stable chromosome numbers (2n = 22) from such long term cultures of ipecae plants.  Key words: Long term culture, Ipecac, micropropagation, flowering D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i2.3646 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(2): 157-164, 2008 (December)
In vitro Regeneration of the Medicinal Plant, Plumbago zeylanica L. with Reference to a Unique Population in Maruthamalai, the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Mallikadevi T. , Senthilkumar P. , Paulsamy S.
Published: November 2009

The in vitro regeneration of Plubago zeylanica exhibited that the callus was initiated in the basal medium containing BAP, NAA, 2, 4-D, and IBA.  The high amount (90%) of organic calli was induced in the basal medium supplemented with 2, 4-D, alone at 2.0 mg/l. In the subculture the adventitious shoot formation was prominently higher (83%) in the basal medium containing BAP, and NAA at 3.5 and 0.3 mg/l, respectively. IAA (1.0 mg/l)effectively produced higher percen-tage (90) of roots and root growth. After sequential hardening, survivability rate was observed to be significantly higher (80%) in the hardening medium containing garden soil, sand and vermicompost in the ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 by volume under greenhouse condition.  Key words: Plumbago zeylanica, In vitro regeneration, Medicinal plant D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i2.3648 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(2): 173-179, 2008 (December)
[1-(4-Chlorophenyl)cyclopropyl](piperazin-1-yl)methanone
Authors: Padmashali Basavaraj , Mallikarjuna Siddapura , Chidananda Ballekere
Published: November 2009

The title compound, [1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclopropyl](piperazin-1-yl)methanone, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data.
Miniaturized pH Sensors Based on Zinc Oxide Nanotubes/Nanorods
Authors: Fulati Alimujiang , Usman Ali Syed M. , Riaz Muhammad , Amin Gul , Nur Omer , Willander Magnus
Published: November 2009

ZnO nanotubes and nanorods grown on gold thin film were used to create pH sensor devices. The developed ZnO nanotube and nanorod pH sensors display good reproducibility, repeatability and long-term stability and exhibit a pH-dependent electrochemical potential difference versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode over a large dynamic pH range. We found the ZnO nanotubes provide sensitivity as high as twice that of the ZnO nanorods, which can be ascribed to the fact that small dimensional ZnO nanotubes have a higher level of surface and subsurface oxygen vacancies and provide a larger effective surface area with higher surface-to-volume ratio as compared to ZnO nanorods, thus affording the ZnO nanotube pH sensor a higher sensitivity. Experimental results indicate ZnO nanotubes can be used in pH sensor applications with improved performance. Moreover, the ZnO nanotube arrays may find potential application as a novel material for measurements of intracellular biochemical species within single living cells.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Merle Philippe , Trepo Christian
Published: November 2009

Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex process that remains still partly understood. That might be explained by the multiplicity of etiologic factors, the genetic/epigenetic heterogeneity of tumors bulks and the ignorance of the liver cell types that give rise to tumorigenic cells that have stem cell-like properties. The DNA stress induced by hepatocyte turnover, inflammation and maybe early oncogenic pathway activation and sometimes viral factors, leads to DNA damage response which activates the key tumor suppressive checkpoints p53/p21Cip1 and p16INK4a/pRb responsible of cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence as reflected by the cirrhosis stage. Still obscure mechanisms, but maybe involving the Wnt signaling and Twist proteins, would allow pre-senescent hepatocytes to bypass senescence, acquire immortality by telomerase reactivation and get the last genetic/epigenetic hits necessary for cancerous transformation. Among some of the oncogenic pathways that might play key driving roles in hepatocarcinogenesis, c-myc and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling seem of particular interest. Finally, antiproliferative and apoptosis deficiencies involving TGF-β, Akt/PTEN, IGF2 pathways for instance are prerequisite for cancerous transformation. Of evidence, not only the transformed liver cell per se but the facilitating microenvironment is of fundamental importance for tumor bulk growth and metastasis.
Influence of spacer chain lengths and polar terminal groups on the mesomorphic properties of tethered 5-phenylpyrimidines
Authors: Starkulla Gundula F , Kapatsina Elisabeth , Baro Angelika , Giesselmann Frank , Tussetschläger Stefan , Kaller Martin , Laschat Sabine
Published: November 2009

Based on 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-octylpyrimidine 8, 5-phenylpyrimidine derivatives 3–7, 9 with different spacer chain lengths (C2 up to C6) and different terminal polar groups (Br, Cl, N3, OH, CN) were synthesized by etherification and nucleophilic substitution. The mesomorphic behaviour of these compounds was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray diffraction (WAXS and SAXS) and revealed smectic A mesophases for bromides, chlorides and azides 3, 4 and 6. For these compounds a maximum phase width was observed for the C5 spacer regardless of the terminal group, whereas the hydroxy- and cyano-substituted derivatives 5 and 7, respectively, were non mesomorphic and showed only melting transitions.
Molecular Cloning and Linkage Mapping of Cryptochrome Multigene Family in Soybean
Authors: Matsumura Hisakazu , Kitajima Hiroshi , Akada Shinji , Abe Jun , Minaka Nobuhiro , Takahashi Ryoji
Published: November 2009

The cryptochromes are a family of blue light photoreceptors that play important roles in the controls of plant development. Seven full‐length cryptochrome cDNAs (GmCRY1a, GmCRY1b, GmCRY1c, GmCRY1d, GmCRY2a, GmCRY2b, and GmCRY2c) were isolated by cDNA library screening and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction from ‘Williams’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], indicating that soybean cryptochrome genes comprise a multigene family. They had homologies ranging from 60 to 89% with CRY1 and CRY2 genes of Arabidopsis and pea (Pisum sativum L.). Two types of transcripts were isolated in GmCRY1b, GmCRY1c, GmCRY1d, and GmCRY2a. One type was derived from four exons, whereas the other type was derived from five exons. Occurrence of the former transcript could be explained by retention of the fourth intron, suggesting existence of alternative splicing. Gene sequences were compared between a soybean line, Tokei 780, and an accession of soybean wild relative, Glycine soja, Hidaka 4. Based on a 10‐bp indel, an amplicon length polymorphism (ALP) marker was designed for mapping of GmCRY2b. For mapping of the other cryptochrome genes, derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) markers were constructed. The cryptochrome genes were individually assigned to different molecular linkage groups (MLG) (GmCRY1a: MLG C1; GmCRY1b: C2; GmCRY1c: B2; GmCRY1d: F; GmCRT2a: O; GmCRY2b: D1b; GmCRY2c: I). The distribution of cryptochrome genes that was deduced from the soybean genome database was consistent with mapping results.
Comparative Transcriptional Profiling Established the Awn as the Major Photosynthetic Organ of the Barley Spike While the Lemma and the Palea Primarily Protect the Seed
Authors: Abebe Tilahun , Wise Roger P. , Skadsen Ronald W.
Published: November 2009

The lemma, palea, and awn of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) spike are photosynthetic organs that supply the developing seed with carbohydrates. The lemma and palea also enclose the seed and protect it from pathogens and insects. Despite the important roles they play, little information exists on gene expression in these organs that identifies their function. In this study, we compared gene expression among the lemma, palea, awn, and developing seed of barley during grain filling using the Barley1 Genome Array to identify highly expressed genes involved in the primary function of these organs. Hierarchical clustering and mixed model analysis revealed that the lemma and palea have closely related gene expression patterns. In addition, the lemma and palea overexpressed defense‐related genes compared with the awn. The awn preferentially expressed genes for photosynthesis, the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and carotenoids, and reactive oxygen species scavenging. This suggests the lemma and palea are mainly protective organs whereas the awn is primarily a photosynthetic structure. The seed was enriched with genes for the biosynthesis of starch, storage proteins, enzyme inhibitors, and cell proliferation.
Phytoplasma diseases and their relationships with insect and plant hosts in Canadian horticultural and field crops
Authors: Olivier Chrystel Y. , Lowery D. Thomas , Stobbs Lorne W.
Published: November 2009

Phytoplasmas are bacterial plant pathogens consisting of more than 50 phylogenetic groups that cause devastating diseases in various crops worldwide. They are obligate parasites restricted to the phloem tissue of the host plant and are transmitted from plant to plant mostly by leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). They reproduce within the tissues of their insect vectors and are transferred in the salivary secretions to new host plants during feeding. Phytoplasma epidemiology involves a tritrophic relationship between the pathogen and usually several hosts and vectors. The host-plant range depends on the number of vectors, their feeding habits, and their dispersal pattern. Interactions between phytoplasmas and their vector hosts are complex and influenced by insects' vectoring abilities and the consequences of infection for vectors. In Canada, seven phytoplasma taxa have been detected in various crops. Aster yellows, the primary vector of which is the leafhopperMacrosteles quadrilineatus(Forbes), is the most common and widespread. X-disease, transmitted by at least eight leafhopper species, is economically damaging to all cultivated species ofPrunusL. (Rosaceae). Clover proliferation, also transmitted byM. quadrilineatus, is the causal agent of important diseases such as clover proliferation and alfalfa witches' broom. Ash yellows and pear decline have caused economic problems for several decades, while bois noir, a quarantinable disease in Canada, was detected in Ontario and British Columbia for the first time only recently. Because of their cryptic nature, phytoplasmas are difficult to manage; quarantine measures and insecticide sprays remain the most common control measures. However, integrated pest management techniques using beneficial insects, biotechnology, and plant resistance are emerging.
Ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of female Ceratosolen solmsi marchali (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae: Agaoninae)
Authors: Li Zongbo , Yang Pei , Peng Yanqiong , Yang Darong
Published: November 2009

Fig-pollinating wasps are phytophagous wasps that mainly use olfaction to locate their fig (Ficus L., Moraceae) hosts. To provide a morphological framework for studying agaonid olfaction, we examined the antennal sensilla of female Ceratosolen solmsi marchali Mayr by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We identified and characterized (ultrastructure, distribution, abundance, and position) 13 types of sensilla: multiporous placoid sensilla (types 1 and 2), basiconic sensilla (types 1 and 2), basiconic capitate peg sensilla, sensilla chaetica (types 1–3), sensilla trichodea, sensilla coeloconica (types 1–3), and one specialized sensillum regarded as a sensillum obscurum. We suggest that five types are chemoreceptors because they are porous and innervated by multiple sensory neurons. Sensilla coeloconica type 1 may also function as chemoreceptors, based on external morphology. Other sensilla may be involved in mechanoreception, thermo- and (or) hygro-reception, or pressure detection. We discuss our results in relation to the lifestyle of C. solmsi marchali.
Plant module size and attack by the goldenrod spindle-gall moth
Authors: Heard Stephen B. , Cox Graham H.
Published: November 2009

Larvae of the gall-inducing mothGnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis(Riley) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) attack ramets ofSolidago altissimaL. andS. giganteaAiton (Asteraceae), initiating stem galls early in ramet growth. We examined the relationship between ramet size (as an indicator of plant vigour) and galling rate over 3 years at a field site in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. We markedSolidagoramets along line transects, measured their stem diameter, and recorded their fate (galled or ungalled) during the season. ForS. altissima, galls were numerous enough for analysis in 2 years, and the frequency of galling increased monotonically with ramet stem diameter in both years. ForS. gigantea, galls were numerous enough for analysis in all 3 years, but attack rate - stem diameter relationships were complex. In 2004 the galling frequency peaked at intermediate stem diameter, but in 2005 the galling frequency increased monotonically with stem diameter (and in 2006 the nonsignificant trend was similar). Overall, our data are most consistent with the plant-vigour hypothesis, but the 2004 data forS. gigantealend some support to the suggestion that herbivore attack might sometimes be most intense on intermediate-sized modules.
New species in theLasioglossum petrellumspecies group identified through an integrative taxonomic approach
Authors: Gibbs Jason J.
Published: November 2009

By means of an integrative taxonomic approach using morphology and DNA barcodes, multiple cryptic species withinLasioglossum(Dialictus)petrellum(Cockerell) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) were discovered. Analysis of DNA barcode sequence data from across the supposed range ofL. petrellumrevealed distinct genetic differences that correlate with patterns of morphological variation and geographical distribution. The most morphologically distinct pair of species had the smallest DNA-barcode gap. The taxonomic limits ofL. petrellumare revised and four new species are described and illustrated:L.(D.)tuolumnensesp. nov.,L.(D.)griswoldisp. nov.L.(D.)droegeisp. nov., andL.(D.)viridipetrellumsp. nov.A key to species of the “L. petrellum” group is provided.
Latridiidae (Coleoptera) of Atlantic Canada: new records, keys to identification, new synonyms, distribution, and zoogeography
Authors: Majka Christopher G. , Langor David , Rücker Wolfgang H.
Published: November 2009

Thirty-five species of Latridiidae are reported in Atlantic Canada as a whole, 17 in New Brunswick, 14 in Newfoundland, 31 in Nova Scotia, and 14 on Prince Edward Island. Fifty-six new provincial records are reported (11 in New Brunswick, 9 in Newfoundland, 23 in Nova Scotia, 13 in Prince Edward Island). Twenty-two species are newly recorded for Atlantic Canada. Of these,Cartodere(Aridius)bifasciata(Reitter),Enicmus histrioJoy and Tomlin,Latridius consimilis(Mannerheim),Corticaria elongata(Gyllenhal),C. impressa(Olivier),C. saginataMannerheim,Corticarina longipennis(LeConte),Melanophthalma helvolaMotschulsky, andM. inermisMotschulsky are newly recorded in Canada, andC. bifasciata,E. histrio, andC. saginataare newly recorded in North America.Dienerella filiformis(Gyllenhal) is removed from the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island lists.Corticaria dentigeraLeConte is removed from the Labrador and Atlantic Provinces lists.Melanophthalma incultaMotschulskysyn. nov.andM. signataBelonsyn. nov.are designated as a junior synonyms ofM. inermisMotschulsky andM. picta(LeConte), respectively.Melanophthalma helvolaMotschulsky is reinstated as a valid species. Lectotypes and paralectotypes ofM. helvolaandM. americana(Mannerheim) are designated. Approximately half of the species are adventive (16 Palaearctic, 1 Australian) and half are native (13 Nearctic, 3 Holarctic). Two species are of uncertain zoogeographic status. Although some species are synanthropic, several have colonized native habitats. Nova Scotia has the largest number of adventive species, probably as a result of trans-Atlantic shipping. New Brunswick has the fewest, at least in part because of insufficient collecting there. Early detection dates and introduction processes are discussed. The native faunas on Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton Island, and Newfoundland appear diminished (33%–40%) compared with those of the neighbouring mainland. Although all latridiids are mycetophagous, many in the region show clear habitat preferences; however, the ecological role of those species requires further investigation.
Classification of Linear Weighted Graphs up to Blowing-Up and Blowing-Down
Authors: Daniel Daigle
Published: November 2009

We classify linear weighted graphs up to the blowing-up and blowing-down operations which are relevant for the study of algebraic surfaces.
Nilpotent Conjugacy Classes inp-adic Lie Algebras: The Odd Orthogonal Case
Authors: Diwadkar Jyotsna Mainkar
Published: November 2009

We will study the following question: Are nilpotent conjugacy classes of reductive Lie algebras overp-adic fields definable? By definable, we mean definable by a formula in Pas's language. In this language, there are no field extensions and no uniformisers. Using Waldspurger's parametrization, we answer in the affirmative in the case of special orthogonal Lie algebras so(n) fornodd, overp-adic fields.
Affine Lines on Affine Surfaces and the Makar–Limanov Invariant
Authors: Gurjar R. V. , Masuda K. , Miyanishi M. , Russell P.
Published: November 2009

A smooth affine surface X defined over the complex field C is an ML0 surface if the Makar– Limanov invariant ML(X) is trivial. In this paper we study the topology and geometry of ML0 surfaces. Of particular interest is the question: Is every curve C in X which is isomorphic to the affine line a fiber component of an A1-fibration on X? We shall show that the answer is affirmative if the Picard number ρ(X) = 0, but negative in case ρ(X) ≥ 1. We shall also study the ascent and descent of the ML0 property under proper maps.
SubRiemannian Geometry on the Sphere 𝕊3
Authors: Calin Ovidiu , Chang Der-Chen , Markina Irina
Published: November 2009

Abstract.We discuss the subRiemannian geometry induced by two noncommutative vector fields which are left invariant on the Lie group 𝕊3.
The Hilbert Coefficients of the Fiber Cone and the a-Invariant of the Associated Graded Ring
Authors: D'Cruz Clare , Puthenpurakal Tony J.
Published: November 2009

Let (A,m) be a Noetherian local ring with infinite residue field and let I be an ideal in A and let be the fiber cone of I. We prove certain relations among the Hilbert coefficients f0(I), f1(I), f2(I) of F(I) when the a-invariant of the associated graded ring G(I) is negative.
Residual Spectra of Split Classical Groups and their Inner Forms
Authors: Grbac Neven
Published: November 2009

This paper is concerned with the residual spectrum of the hermitian quaternionic classical groups G′n and H′n defined as algebraic groups for a quaternion algebra over an algebraic number field. Groups G′n and H′n are not quasi-split. They are inner forms of the split groups SO4n and Sp4n. Hence, the parts of the residual spectrum of G′n and H′n obtained in this paper are compared to the corresponding parts for the split groups SO4n and Sp4n.
Maximal Operators Associated with Vector Polynomials of Lacunary Coefficients
Authors: Hong Sunggeum , Kim Joonil , Yang ChanWoo
Published: November 2009

We prove the Lp(ℝd) (1 < p ≤ ∞) boundedness of the maximal operators associated with a family of vector polynomials given by the form ﹛(2k1 p1(t), … , 2kdpd(t)) : t ∈ ℝ﹜. Furthermore, by using the lifting argument, we extend this result to a general class of vector polynomials whose coefficients are of the form constant times 2k.
Twisted Gross–Zagier Theorems
Authors: Howard Benjamin
Published: November 2009

The theorems of Gross–Zagier and Zhang relate the Néron–Tate heights of complex multiplication points on the modular curve X0(N) (and on Shimura curve analogues) with the central derivatives of automorphic L-function. We extend these results to include certain CM points on modular curves of the form X (Ⲅ0(M ) ∩ Ⲅ1(S)) (and on Shimura curve analogues). These results are motivated by applications to Hida theory that can be found in the companion article “Central derivatives of L -functions in Hida families”,Math. Ann. 399(2007), 803–818.
Face Ring Multiplicity via CM-Connectivity Sequences
Authors: Novik Isabella , Swartz Ed
Published: November 2009

The multiplicity conjecture of Herzog, Huneke, and Srinivasan is verified for the face rings of the following classes of simplicial complexes: matroid complexes, complexes of dimension one and two, and Gorenstein complexes of dimension at most four. The lower bound part of this conjecture is also established for the face rings of all doubly Cohen–Macaulay complexes whose 1-skeleton's connectivity does not exceed the codimension plus one as well as for all (d−1)-dimensional d-Cohen– Macaulay complexes. The main ingredient of the proofs is a new interpretation of the minimal shifts in the resolution of the face ring via the Cohen–Macaulay connectivity of the skeletons of .
Prolongations and Computational Algebra
Authors: Sidman Jessica , Sullivant Seth
Published: November 2009

We explore the geometric notion of prolongations in the setting of computational algebra, extending results of Landsberg and Manivel which relate prolongations to equations for secant varieties. We also develop methods for computing prolongations that are combinatorial in nature. As an application, we use prolongations to derive a new family of secant equations for the binary symmetric model in phylogenetics.
Infinitesimal Invariants in a Function Algebra
Authors: Tange Rudolf
Published: November 2009

Let G be a reductive connected linear algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic and let 𝔤 be its Lie algebra. First we extend a well-known result about the Picard group of a semi-simple group to reductive groups. Then we prove that if the derived group is simply connected and 𝔤 satisfies a mild condition, the algebra K[G]𝔤 of regular functions on G that are invariant under the action of 𝔤 derived from the conjugation action is a unique factorisation domain.
Petits points d’une surface
Authors: Pontreau Corentin
Published: November 2009

Résumé. Pour toute sous-vari ét é géométriquement irréductible $V$ du groupe multiplicatif $\mathbb{G}_{m}^{n}$, on sait qu’en dehors d’un nombre fini de translat és de tores exceptionnels inclus dans $V$, tous les points sont de hauteur minorée par une certaine quantit é $q{{(V)}^{-1}}>0$. On conna ît de plus une borne supérieure pour la somme des degrés de ces translat és de tores pour des valeurs de $q(V)$ polynomiales en le degré de $V$. Ceci n’est pas le cas si l’on exige une minoration quasi-optimale pour la hauteur des points de $V$, essentiellement linéaire en l’inverse du degré.

Nous apportons ici une réponse partielle à ce problème : nous donnons une majoration de la somme des degrés de ces translat és de sous-tores de codimension 1 d’une hypersurface $V$. Les résultats, obtenus dans le cas de $\mathbb{G}_{m}^{3}$,mais complètement explicites, peuvent toutefois s’étendre à $\mathbb{G}_{m}^{n}$,moyennant quelques petites complications inhérentes à la dimension $n$.
Covering Maps and Periodic Functions on Higher Dimensional Sierpinski Gaskets
Authors: Ruan Huo-Jun , Strichartz Robert S.
Published: November 2009

Abstract.We construct covering maps from infinite blowups of the$n$-dimensional Sierpinski gasket$S{{G}_{n}}$to certain compact fractafolds based on$S{{G}_{n}}$. These maps are fractal analogs of the usual covering maps fromthe line to the circle. The construction extends work of the second author in the case$n=2$, but a differentmethod of proof is needed, which amounts to solving a Sudoku-type puzzle. We can use the covering maps to define the notion of periodic function on the blowups. We give a characterization of these periodic functions and describe the analog of Fourier series expansions. We study covering maps onto quotient fractalfolds. Finally, we show that such covering maps fail to exist for many other highly symmetric fractals.
Periodic and Almost Periodic Functions on Infinite Sierpinski Gaskets
Authors: Strichartz Robert S.
Published: November 2009

Abstract.We define periodic functions on infinite blow-ups of the Sierpinski gasket as lifts of functions defined on certain compact fractafolds via covering maps. This is analogous to defining periodic functions on the line as lifts of functions on the circle via covering maps. In our setting there is only a countable set of covering maps. We give two different characterizations of periodic functions in terms of repeating patterns. However, there is no discrete group action that can be used to characterize periodic functions. We also give a Fourier series type description in terms of periodic eigenfunctions of the Laplacian. We define almost periodic functions as uniform limits of periodic functions.
Close Lattice Points on Circles
Authors: Cilleruelo Javier , Granville Andrew
Published: November 2009

We classify the sets of four lattice points that all lie on a short arc of a circle that has its center at the origin; specifically on arcs of length tR1/3 on a circle of radius R, for any given t > 0. In particular we prove that any arc of length on a circle of radius R, with , contains at most three lattice points, whereas we give an explicit infinite family of 4-tuples of lattice points, (ν1, n, ν2, n, ν3, n, ν4, n), each of which lies on an arc of length on a circle of radius Rn.
On the Local Lifting Properties of Operator Spaces
Authors: Dong Z.
Published: November 2009

In this paper, we mainly study operator spaces which have the locally lifting property (LLP). The dual of any ternary ring of operators is shown to satisfy the strongly local reflexivity, and this is used to prove that strongly local reflexivity holds also for operator spaces which have the LLP. Several homological characterizations of the LLP and weak expectation property are given. We also prove that for any operator space V, V** has the LLP if and only if V has the LLP and V* is exact.
Monodromy Groups and Self-Invariance
Authors: Hubard Isabel , Orbanić Alen , Weiss Asia Ivić
Published: November 2009

For every polytope 𝒫 there is the universal regular polytope of the same rank as 𝒫 corresponding to the Coxeter group 𝒞 = [∞, … ,∞]. For a given automorphism d of 𝒞, using monodromy groups, we construct a combinatorial structure 𝒫d. When 𝒫d is a polytope isomorphic to 𝒫 we say that 𝒫 is self-invariant with respect to d, or d-invariant. We develop algebraic tools for investigating these operations on polytopes, and in particular give a criterion on the existence of a d-automorphismof a given order. As an application, we analyze properties of self-dual edge-transitive polyhedra and polyhedra with two flag-orbits. We investigate properties of medials of such polyhedra. Furthermore, we give an example of a self-dual equivelar polyhedron which contains no polarity (duality of order 2). We also extend the concept of Petrie dual to higher dimensions, and we show how it can be dealt with using self-invariance.
Wirtinger's Inequalities on Time Scales
Authors: Agarwal Ravi P. , Otero-Espinar Victoria , Perera Kanishka , Vivero Dolores R.
Published: November 2009

This paper is devoted to the study of Wirtinger-type inequalities for the Lebesgue Δ-integral on an arbitrary time scale 𝕋. We prove a general inequality for a class of absolutely continuous functions on closed subintervals of an adequate subset of 𝕋. By using this expression and by assuming that 𝕋 is bounded, we deduce that a general inequality is valid for every absolutely continuous function on 𝕋 such that its Δ-derivative belongs to([a,b) ∩ 𝕋) and at most it vanishes on the boundary of 𝕋.
Consecutive Large Gaps in Sequences Defined by Multiplicative Constraints
Authors: Alkan Emre , Zaharescu Alexandru
Published: November 2009

In this paper we obtain quantitative results on the occurrence of consecutive large gaps between B-free numbers, and consecutive large gaps between nonzero Fourier coefficients of a class of newforms without complex multiplication.
Boundedness from Below of Composition Operators on α-Bloch Spaces
Authors: Chen Huaihui , Gauthier Paul
Published: November 2009

We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a composition operator on an α-Bloch space with α ≥ 1 to be bounded below. This extends a known result for the Bloch space due to P. Ghatage, J. Yan, D. Zheng, and H. Chen.
On Gâteaux Differentiability of Pointwise Lipschitz Mappings
Authors: Duda Jakub
Published: November 2009

We prove that for every functionf:X→Y, whereXis a separable Banach space andYis a Banach space with RNP, there exists a setA∈such thatfis Gâteaux differentiable at allx∈S(f)\A, whereS(f) is the set of points wherefis pointwise-Lipschitz. This improves a result of Bongiorno. As a corollary, we obtain that everyK-monotone function on a separable Banach space is Hadamard differentiable outside of a set belonging to; this improves a result due to Borwein and Wang. Another corollary is that ifXis Asplund,f:X→ ℝ cone monotone,g:X→ ℝ continuous convex, then there exists a point inX, wherefis Hadamard differentiable andgis Fréchet differentiable.
A Multivalued Nonlinear System with the Vector p-Laplacian on the Semi-Infinity Interval
Authors: Filippakis Michael E. , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S.
Published: November 2009

We study a second order nonlinear system driven by the vector p-Laplacian, with a multivalued nonlinearity and defined on the positive time semi-axis ℝ+. Using degree theoretic techniques we solve an auxiliary mixed boundary value problem defined on the finite interval [0, n] and then via a diagonalization method we produce a solution for the original infinite time horizon system.
Existence of Solutions to Poisson's Equation
Authors: Hanley Mary
Published: November 2009

Let Ω be a domain in ℝn(n≥ 2). We find a necessary and sufficient topological condition on Ω such that, for anymeasureμon ℝn, there is a functionuwith specified boundary conditions that satisfies the Poisson equation Δu=μon Δ in the sense of distributions.
Kolmogorov, Linear and Pseudo-Dimensional Widths of Classes of s-Monotone Functions in 𝕃p, 0 < p < 1
Authors: Konovalov Victor N. , Kopotun Kirill A.
Published: November 2009

Let Bp be the unit ball in 𝕃p, 0 < p < 1, and let , s ∈ ℕ, be the set of all s-monotone functions on a finite interval I, i.e., consists of all functions x : I ⟼ ℝ such that the divided differences [x; t0, … , ts] of order s are nonnegative for all choices of (s + 1) distinct points t0, … , ts ∈ I. For the classes Bp := ∩ Bp, we obtain exact orders of Kolmogorov, linear and pseudo-dimensional widths in the spaces , 0 < q < p < 1:
The Noether–Lefschetz Theorem Via Vanishing of Coherent Cohomology
Authors: Ravindra G. V.
Published: November 2009

We prove that for a generic hypersurface in ℙ2n+1 of degree at least 2 + 2/n, the n-th Picard number is one. The proof is algebraic in nature and follows from certain coherent cohomology vanishing.
Group Algebras with Minimal Strong Lie Derived Length
Authors: Spinelli Ernesto
Published: November 2009

Let KG be a non-commutative strongly Lie solvable group algebra of a group G over a field K of positive characteristic p. In this note we state necessary and sufficient conditions so that the strong Lie derived length of KG assumes its minimal value, namely [log2(p + 1)].
The Kostrikin Radical and the Invariance of the Core of Reduced Extended Affine Lie Algebras
Authors: Tocón Maribel
Published: November 2009

In this paper we prove that the Kostrikin radical of an extended affine Lie algebra of reduced type coincides with the center of its core, and use this characterization to get a type-free description of the core of such algebras. As a consequence we get that the core of an extended affine Lie algebra of reduced type is invariant under the automorphisms of the algebra.
Relative Homotopy in Relational Structures
Authors: Witbooi P. J.
Published: November 2009

The homotopy groups of a finite partially ordered set (poset) can be described entirely in the context of posets, as shown in a paper by B. Larose and C. Tardif. In this paper we describe the relative version of such a homotopy theory, for pairs (X, A) where X is a poset and A is a subposet of X. We also prove some theorems on the relevant version of the notion of weak homotopy equivalences for maps of pairs of such objects. We work in the category of reflexive binary relational structures which contains the posets as in the work of Larose and Tardif.
Quantum Multiple Construction of Subfactors
Authors: Asaeda Marta
Published: November 2009

We construct the quantums-tuple subfactors for an AFD II1subfactor with finite index and depth, for an arbitrary natural numbers. This is a generalization of the quantum multiple subfactors by Erlijman and Wenzl, which in turn generalized the quantum double construction of a subfactor for the case that the original subfactor gives rise to a braided tensor category. In this paper we give a multiple construction for a subfactor with a weaker condition than braidedness of the bimodule system.
Value Distribution of the Riemann Zeta Function
Authors: Ascah-Coallier I. , Gauthier P. M.
Published: November 2009

In this note, we give a new short proof of the fact, recently discovered by Ye, that all (finite) values are equidistributed by the Riemann zeta function.
The Reconstruction Property in Banach Spaces and a Perturbation Theorem
Authors: Casazza Peter G. , Christensen Ole
Published: November 2009

Perturbation theory is a fundamental tool in Banach space theory. However, the applications of the classical results are limited by the fact that they force the perturbed sequence to be equivalent to the given sequence. We will develop amore general perturbation theory that does not force equivalence of the sequences.
Real Hypersurfaces in Complex Space Forms with Reeb Flow Symmetric Structure Jacobi Operator
Authors: Cho Jong Taek , Ki U-Hang
Published: November 2009

Real hypersurfaces in a complex space form whose structure Jacobi operator is symmetric along the Reeb flow are studied. Among them, homogeneous real hypersurfaces of type (A) in a complex projective or hyperbolic space are characterized as those whose structure Jacobi operator commutes with the shape operator.
Cyclic Vectors in Some Weighted Lp Spaces of Entire Functions
Authors: Izuchi Kou Hei
Published: November 2009

In this paper, we generalize a result recently obtained by the author. We characterize the cyclic vectors in . Let f ∈ and f be contained in the space. We show that f is non-vanishing if and only if f is cyclic.
Positive Solutions of the Falkner–Skan Equation Arising in the Boundary Layer Theory
Authors: Lan K. Q. , Yang G. C.
Published: November 2009

The well-known Falkner–Skan equation is one of the most important equations in laminar boundary layer theory and is used to describe the steady two-dimensional flow of a slightly viscous incompressible fluid past wedge shaped bodies of angles related to λπ/2, where λ ∈ ℝ is a parameter involved in the equation. It is known that there exists λ* < 0 such that the equation with suitable boundary conditions has at least one positive solution for each λ ≥ λ* and has no positive solutions for λ < λ*. The known numerical result shows λ* = –0.1988. In this paper, λ* ∈ [–0.4,–0.12] is proved analytically by establishing a singular integral equation which is equivalent to the Falkner–Skan equation. The equivalence result provides new techniques to study properties and existence of solutions of the Falkner–Skan equation.
Linear Equations with Small Prime and Almost Prime Solutions
Authors: Meng Xianmeng
Published: November 2009

Let b1, b2 be any integers such that gcd(b1, b2) = 1 and c1|b1| < |b2| ≤ c2|b1|, where c1, c2 are any given positive constants. Let n be any integer satisfying gcd(n, bi) = 1, i = 1, 2. Let Pk denote any integer with no more than k prime factors, counted according to multiplicity. In this paper, for almost all b2, we prove (i) a sharp lower bound for n such that the equation b1p + b2m = n is solvable in prime p and almost prime m = Pk, k ≥ 3 whenever both bi are positive, and (ii) a sharp upper bound for the least solutions p, m of the above equation whenever bi are not of the same sign, where p is a prime and m = Pk, k ≥ 3.
Condensed and Strongly Condensed Domains
Authors: Mimouni Abdeslam
Published: November 2009

This paper deals with the concepts of condensed and strongly condensed domains. By definition, an integral domain R is condensed (resp. strongly condensed) if each pair of ideals I and J of R, I J = ﹛ab/a ∈ I, b ∈ J﹜ (resp. I J = a J for some a ∈ I or I J = Ib for some b ∈ J). More precisely, we investigate the ideal theory of condensed and strongly condensed domains in Noetherian-like settings, especially Mori and strong Mori domains and the transfer of these concepts to pullbacks.
Big Ramsey Degrees and Divisibility in Classes of Ultrametric Spaces
Authors: Van Thé L. Nguyen
Published: November 2009

Given a countable set S of positive reals, we study finite-dimensional Ramsey-theoretic properties of the countable ultrametric Urysohn space QS with distances in S.
Noncommutative Symmetric Bessel Functions
Authors: Novelli Jean-Christophe , Thibon Jean-Yves
Published: November 2009

The consideration of tensor products of 0-Hecke algebramodules leads to natural analogs of the BesselJ-functions in the algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions. This provides a simple explanation of various combinatorial properties of Bessel functions.
On the Maximal Spectrum of Semiprimitive Multiplication Modules
Authors: Samei Karim
Published: November 2009

AnR-moduleMis called a multiplication module if for each submoduleNofM,N=IMfor some idealIofR. As defined for a commutative ringR, anR-moduleMis said to be semiprimitive if the intersection of maximal submodules ofMis zero. The maximal spectra of a semiprimitive multiplication moduleMare studied. The isolated points of Max(M) are characterized algebraically. The relationships among the maximal spectra ofM, Soc(M) and Ass(M) are studied. It is shown that Soc(M) is exactly the set of all elements ofMwhich belongs to every maximal submodule ofMexcept for a finite number. If Max(M) is infinite, Max(M) is a one-point compactification of a discrete space if and only ifMis Gelfand and for some maximal submoduleK, Soc(M) is the intersection of all prime submodules ofMcontained inK. WhenMis a semiprimitive Gelfand module, we prove that every intersection of essential submodules ofMis an essential submodule if and only if Max(M) is an almost discrete space. The set of uniform submodules ofMand the set of minimal submodules ofMcoincide. Ann(Soc(M))Mis a summand submodule ofMif and only if Max(M) is the union of two disjoint open subspacesAandN, whereAis almost discrete andNis dense in itself. In particular, Ann(Soc(M)) = Ann(M) if and only if Max(M) is almost discrete.
Stability of Biharmonic Legendrian Submanifolds in Sasakian Space Forms
Authors: Sasahara Toru
Published: November 2009

Biharmonic maps are defined as critical points of the bienergy. Every harmonic map is a stable biharmonic map. In this article, the stability of nonharmonic biharmonic Legendrian submanifolds in Sasakian space forms is discussed.
On Primitive Ideals in Graded Rings
Authors: Smoktunowicz Agata
Published: November 2009

Let R = be a graded nil ring. It is shown that primitive ideals in R are homogeneous. Let A = be a graded non-PI just-infinite dimensional algebra and let I be a prime ideal in A. It is shown that either I = ﹛0﹜ or I = A. Moreover, A is either primitive or Jacobson radical.
Universal Inner Functions on the Ball
Authors: Bayart Frédéric
Published: November 2009

It is shown that given any sequence of automorphisms (ϕk)k of the unit ball of ℂN such that ‖ϕk(0)‖ tends to 1, there exists an inner function I such that the family of “non-Euclidean translates” (I о ϕk)k is locally uniformly dense in the unit ball of H∞().
Expected Norms of Zero-One Polynomials
Authors: Borwein Peter , Choi Kwok-Kwong Stephen , Mercer Idris
Published: November 2009

Let = {a0 + a1z + · · · + an–1zn–1 : aj ∈ ﹛0, 1﹜¯﹜, whose elements are called zero- one polynomials and correspond naturally to the 2n subsets of [n] := ﹛0, 1, … , n – 1﹜. We also let = ﹛α(z) ∈ : α(1) = m﹜, whose elements correspond to the subsets of [n] of size m, and let , whose elements are the zero-one polynomials of degree exactly n.

Many researchers have studied norms of polynomials with restricted coefficients. Using ‖α‖p to denote the usual Lp norm of α on the unit circle, one easily sees that α(z) = a0+a1z+· · ·+aNzN ∈ ℝ[z] satisfies and , where .

If α(z) ∈ , say α(z) = zβ1 + · · · + zβm where β1 < · · · < βm, then ck is the number of times k appears as a difference βi – βj . The condition that α ∈ satisfies ck ∈ ﹛0, 1﹜ for 1 ≤ k ≤ n – 1 is thus equivalent to the condition that ﹛β1, … , βm﹜ is a Sidon set (meaning all differences of pairs of elements are distinct).

In this paper, we find the average of over α ∈ , α ∈ , and α ∈ . We further show that our expression for the average of over yields a new proof of the known result: if m = o(n1/4) and B(n,m) denotes the number of Sidon sets of size m in [n], then almost all subsets of [n] of size m are Sidon, in the sense that .
A Result in Surgery Theory
Authors: Cavicchioli Alberto , Spaggiari Fulvia
Published: November 2009

We study the topological 4-dimensional surgery problem for a closed connected orientable topological 4-manifoldXwith vanishing second homotopy and π1(X) ≅A∗F(r), whereAhas one end andF(r) is the free group of rankr≥ 1. Our result is related to a theorem of Krushkal and Lee, and depends on the validity of the Novikov conjecture for such fundamental groups.
The Effective Cone of the Kontsevich Moduli Space
Authors: Coskun Izzet , Harris Joe , Starr Jason
Published: November 2009

In this paper we prove that the cone of effective divisors on the Kontsevich moduli spaces of stable maps, , stabilize when r ≥ d. We give a complete characterization of the effective divisors on . They are non-negative linear combinations of boundary divisors and the divisor of maps with degenerate image.
C*-Algebras Associated with Mauldin–Williams Graphs
Authors: Ionescu Marius , Watatani Yasuo
Published: November 2009

A Mauldin–Williams graphis a generalization of an iterated function system by a directed graph. Its invariant setKplays the role of the self-similar set. We associate aC*-algebra(K) with a Mauldin–Williams graphand the invariant setK, laying emphasis on the singular points. We assume that the underlying graphGhas no sinks and no sources. Ifsatisfies the open set condition inK, andGis irreducible and is not a cyclic permutation, then the associatedC*-algebra(K) is simple and purely infinite. We calculate theK-groups for some examples including the inflation rule of the Penrose tilings.
Expansion of the Riemann Ξ Function in Meixner–Pollaczek Polynomials
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexey
Published: November 2009

In this article we study in detail the expansion of the Riemann Ξ function in Meixner– Pollaczek polynomials. We obtain explicit formulas, recurrence relation and asymptotic expansion for the coefficients and investigate the zeros of the partial sums.
Amsterdam Properties of Cp(X) Imply Discreteness of X
Authors: Lutzer D. J. , van Mill J. , Tkachuk V. V.
Published: November 2009

We prove, among other things, that if Cp(X) is subcompact in the sense of de Groot, then the space X is discrete. This generalizes a series of previous results on completeness properties of function spaces.
Guessing with Mutually Stationary Sets
Authors: Matet Pierre
Published: November 2009

We use the mutually stationary sets of Foreman and Magidor as a tool to establish the validity of the two-cardinal version of the diamond principle in some special cases.
On Tensor Products of Polynomial Representations
Authors: Purbhoo Kevin , van Willigenburg Stephanie
Published: November 2009

We determine the necessary and sufficient combinatorial conditions for which the tensor product of two irreducible polynomial representations of GL(n, ℂ) is isomorphic to another. As a consequence we discover families of Littlewood–Richardson coefficients that are non-zero, and a condition on Schur non-negativity.
Chasing Silver
Authors: Rosłanowski Andrzej , Steprāns Juris
Published: November 2009

We show that limits of CS iterations of the n-Silver forcing notion have the n-localization property.
Vanishing Theorems in Colombeau Algebras of Generalized Functions
Authors: Valmorin V.
Published: November 2009

Using a canonical linear embedding of the algebra of Colombeau generalized functions in the space of -valued ℂ-linear maps on the space of smooth functions with compact support, we give vanishing conditions for functions and linear integral operators of class . These results are then applied to the zeros of holomorphic generalized functions in dimension greater than one.
Summation of Series over Bourget Functions
Authors: Vidanović Mirjana V. , Tričković Slobodan B. , Stanković Miomir S.
Published: November 2009

In this paper we derive formulas for summation of series involving J. Bourget's generalization of Bessel functions of integer order, as well as the analogous generalizations by H. M. Srivastava. These series are expressed in terms of the Riemann ζ function and Dirichlet functions η, λ, β, and can be brought into closed form in certain cases, which means that the infinite series are represented by finite sums.
Augmented currents of an HCN2 variant in patients with febrile seizure syndromes
Authors: Dibbens Leanne M. , Reid Christopher A. , Hodgson Bree , Thomas Evan A. , Phillips Alison M. , Gazina Elena , Cromer Brett A. , Clarke Alison L. , Baram Tallie Z. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Berkovic Samuel F. , Petrou Steven
Published: November 2009

The genetic architecture of common epilepsies is largely unknown. HCNs are excellent epilepsy candidate genes because of their fundamental neurophysiological roles. Screening in subjects with febrile seizures and genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus revealed that 2.4% carried a common triple proline deletion (delPPP) in HCN2 that was seen in only 0.2% of blood bank controls. Currents generated by mutant HCN2 channels were ∼35% larger than those of controls; an effect revealed using automated electrophysiology and an appropriately powered sample size. This is the first association of HCN2 and familial epilepsy, demonstrating gain of function of HCN2 current as a potential contributor to polygenic epilepsy. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:542–546