bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homeobox gene TGIF-1 is increased in placental endothelial cells of human fetal growth restriction
Authors: Gunatillake Tilini , Yong Hannah E J , Dunk Caroline E , Keogh Rosemary J , Borg Anthony J , Cartwright Judith E , Whitley Guy S , Murthi Padma
Published: August 2016

Aberrant placental angiogenesis is associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR). In mice, targeted disruption of the homeobox gene, transforming growth β-induced factor (Tgif-1), which is also a transcription factor, causes defective placental vascularisation. Nevertheless, the role of TGIF-1 in human placental angiogenesis is unclear. We have previously reported increased TGIF-1 expression in human FGR placentae and demonstrated localisation of TGIF-1 protein in placental endothelial cells (ECs). However, its functional role remains to be investigated. In this study, we aimed to specifically compare TGIF-1 mRNA expression in placental ECs isolated from human FGR-affected pregnancies with gestation-matched control pregnancies in two independent cohorts from Australia and Canada and to identify the functional role of TGIF-1 in placental angiogenesis using the human umbilical vein endothelial cell-derived cell line, SGHEC-7, and primary human umbilical vein ECs. Real-time PCR revealed that TGIF-1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in ECs isolated from FGR-affected placentae compared with that of controls. The functional roles of TGIF-1 were determined in ECs after TGIF-1 siRNA transfection. TGIF-1 inactivation in ECs significantly reduced TGIF-1 at both the mRNA and protein levels, as well as the proliferative and invasive potential, but significantly increased the angiogenic potential. Using angiogenesis PCR screening arrays, we identified ITGAV, NRP-1, ANPGT-1 and ANPGT-2 as novel downstream targets of TGIF-1, after TGIF-1 inactivation in ECs. Collectively, these results show that TGIF-1 regulates EC function and the expression of angiogenic molecules; and when abnormally expressed, may contribute to the aberrant placental angiogenesis observed in FGR.
Brugada Syndrome and Early Repolarisation: Distinct Clinical Entities or Different Phenotypes of the Same Genetic Disease?
Authors: Conte Giulio ,   Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland, Caputo Maria Luce ,   Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland, Regoli François ,   Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland, Moccetti Tiziano ,   Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland, Brugada Pedro ,   Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Brussels, Belgium, Auricchio Angelo ,   Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
Published: August 2016

Brugada and early repolarisation (ER) syndromes are currently considered two distinct inherited electrical disorders with overlapping clinical and electrocardiographic features. A considerable number of patients diagnosed with ER syndrome have a genetic mutation related to Brugada syndrome (BrS). Due to the high variable phenotypic manifestation, patients with BrS may present with inferolateral repolarisation abnormalities only, resembling the ER pattern. Moreover, the complex genotype–phenotype interaction in BrS can lead to the occurrence of mixed phenotypes with ER syndrome. The first part of this review focuses on specific clinical and electrocardiographic features of BrS and ER syndrome, highlighting the similarity shared by the two primary electrical disorders. The genetic background, with emphasis on the complexity of genotype–phenotype interaction, is explored in the second part of this review.
NAUJAI IŠSIVYSTANTIS CUKRINIS DIABETAS PO INKSTŲ TRANSPLANTACIJOS
Authors: Alavočiūtė Urtė , Kantauskaitė Marta , Miglinas Marius
Published: August 2016

Reikšminiai žodžiai: naujai išsivystantis cukrinis diabetas po inkstų transplantacijos (NODAT), cukrinis diabetas, transplantacija, rizikos veiksniai, gydymas. Naujai išsivystantis cukrinis diabetas po inkstų transplantacijos – tai diagnozė, nurodanti didelę riziką transplantuoto inksto funkcijos netekimui ir ankstyvųjų bei vėlyvųjų diabetui būdingų komplikacijų išsivystymo riziką. Negana to, tai diagnozė, nustatoma anksti potransplantaciniu periodu, todėl šio sutrikimo prevencija ir pacientų, priklausančių rizikos grupėms, identifikavimas yra esminiai žingsniai siekiant apsisaugoti nuo pačios ligos ir jos padarinių. Rizika apibūdinama nemodifikuojamais, pusiau modifikuojamais ir modifikuojamais veiksniais. Kiekvieną jų galima įvertinti iki transplantacijos, atsižvelgiant į juos parinkti imunosupresijos schemą ar imtis kitų priemonių diabeto išsivystymui mažinti. Šiame straipsnyje apžvelgėme naujai išsivystančio cukrinio diabeto epidemiologiją, rizikos veiksnius, diagnostiką ir gydymo galimybes.
HEMODIALIZE GYDOMŲ PACIENTŲ AKIŲ PAKITIMAI
Authors: Mockevičiūtė Eglė , Noreikytė Miglė , Rimševičius Laurynas , Galgauskas Saulius , Skvarciany Inesa
Published: August 2016

Reikšminiai žodžiai: hemodializė, lėtinė inkstų liga (LIL), akių pakitimai, tinklainės kraujagyslių skersmuo, optinė koherentinė tomografija (OKT). Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti hemodializuojamų pacientų, sergančių V stadijos lėtine inkstų liga (LIL), inkstų funkcijos rodiklius ir nustatyti, kokius akių pakitimus jie atspindi. Darbo metodika. 2014/11–2015/03 VUL SK atliktas pilotinis tyrimas, kuriame dalyvavo 11 pacientų, sergančių LIL V stadija. Neįtraukti pacientai, sergantys cukriniu diabetu. Nefrologijos centre vertinti epidemiologiniai, laboratoriniai, klinikiniai duomenys. Akių ligų centre – regėjimo aštrumas (RA), akispūdis, akių dugno kraujagyslės. Optinės koherentinės tomografijos (OKT) aparatu įvertintas tinklainės centrinės dalies storis. Glomerulų filtracijos greitis (GFG) apskaičiuotas CKD-EPI skaičiuokle. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta SPSS 22.0 programa. Duomenys laikyti statistiškai patikimi, kai p < 0,05. Rezultatai. Ištirta 11 ligonių: 4 vyrai (36,4 proc.), 7 moterys (63,6 proc.). Amžiaus vidurkis 62,5 ± 10,7 metų. LIL V stadijos vidutinė ligos trukmė 10,5 ± 8,2 metų. KMI vidurkis 24,3 ± 2,7. Lygindami tyrimų rezultatus tarp lyties nustatėme, kad vyrų arterijos ir venos santykis yra didesnis, palyginti su moterimis. Rasta statistiškai patikima koreliacija tarp KMI ir tinklainės centrinės dalies storio. Esant nekontroliuojamam AKS, centrinės tinklainės išorinė apatinė dalis yra plonesnė nei esant kontroliuojam AKS. Esant nekontroliuojamam AKS, gauta statistiškai patikima koreliacija tarp KMI ir centrinės tinklainės plonėjimo. Hipertenzine kardiomiopatija (KMP) sirgo 9 (81,8 proc.) pacientai. Jų akių dugno arterijos ir venos santykis yra didesnis, palyginti su tais, kurie KMP neserga. Nustatėme, jog, didėjant amžiui, labiau pažeidžiama premakulinė temporalinė, išorinė temporalinė, premakulinė apatinė ir išorinė apatinė sritys. Didėjant kreatinino koncentracijai, premaculinė temporalinė sritis plonėja labiau. Neradome statistiškai patikimos koreliacijos lygindami amžių, hemodializės ir arterinės hipertenzijos trukmę, GFG su akispūdžiu, OCT tyrimo rezultatais, akių dugno kraujagyslių diametru (p > 0,05). Išvados. Didesnis KMI – rizikos veiksnys tinklainės centrinės dalies plonėjimui. Nors negavome, jog arterinės hipertenzijos trukmė sąlygotų greitesnį tinklainės centrinės dalies plonėjimą, vis dėlto tų pacientų, kurių AKS yra kontroliuojamas, tinklainės centrinė dalis yra storesnė. Arterinės hipertenzijos sukelta KMP sąlygoja akių dugno kraujagyslių diametro pokyčius. Didėjant amžiui ir kreatinino koncentracijai, premakulinė temporalinė tinklainės sritis plonėja labiau. Taip pat lytis galimai įtakoja akių dugno arterijų ir venų kraujagyslių diametrų pokyčius. Tačiau reikia atsižvelgti, jog maža tiriamųjų imtis gali turėti įtakos statistiniams apskaičiavimams ir patikimumo nustatymui.
KIAUŠIDŽIŲ REZERVO VERTINIMO METODAI BEI CHIRURGINIO KIAUŠIDŽIŲ ENDOMETRIOZĖS GYDYMO REIKŠMĖ MOTERS VAISINGUMUI
Authors: Dapšauskaitė Agnė , Lūža Tomas , Mečėjus Gediminas
Published: August 2016

Reikšminiai žodžiai: endometriozė, kiaušidžių rezervas, nevaisingumas, laparoskopija. Endometriozė – dažna jaunų, vaisingo amžiaus moterių liga ir yra susijusi su vaisingumo problemomis. Endometriozė gali būti gydoma medikamentais ir/arba chirurgiškai. Siekiant vaisingumo, vaistai ne visada yra tinkama priemonė, o laparoskopinė operacija atliekama endometriozės ir/ar nevaisingumo diagnostikai bei gydymui. Endometriozei pažeidus kiaušides, laparoskopiškai šalinamos endometriodinės cistos. Literatūroje operacinis gydymas yra vertinamas nevienareikšmiškai. Kai kuriuose tyrimuose randama duomenų, kad laparoskospinis endometrioidinių cistų gydymas sumažina kiaušidžių rezervą, todėl kyla diskusija, kokia taktika yra veiksmingesnė siekiant gydyti moterį ir išsaugoti jos vaisingumą. Kiaušidžių rezervas yra svarbus rodiklis vertinant moters galimybę pastoti. Šiame straipsnyje apžvelgiami pagrindiniai kiaušidžių rezervo įvertinimo metodai.
SLAUGYTOJŲ POŽIŪRIO Į PRIEŠMIRTINĖS PAGALBOS TEIKIMĄ LIGONINĖJE ĮVERTINIMAS
Authors: Kymelytė-Slapšinskaitė Nijolė , Mikaliūkštienė Aldona , Kalibatienė Danutė
Published: August 2016

Reikšminiai žodžiai: priešmirtinė pagalba, priešmirtinės pagalbos sritys, paliatyvioji pagalba, slauga, ligoninė. Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti teikiamos priešmirtinės pagalbos kokybę ligoninėje remiantis slaugytojų požiūriu. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. 2015 metais vienoje Vilniaus ligoninių apklaustos 108 slaugytojos. Tyrimui panaudota originaliai parengta anketa, sudaryta remiantis atlikta literatūros analize apie paliatyviosios ir priešmirtinės pagalbų teikimą ligoninėje. Duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant kompiuterinės programos statistikos paketą „SPSS 13.0“ ir „Microsoft Office Excel 2007“ programą. Rezultatai ir išvados. Teikiant priešmirtinę pagalbą, slaugytojai dažniausiai bendrauja su gydytojais, į slaugos procesą įtraukiami pacientai ir jų šeimos nariai (atitinkamai – vid. = 4,09 ± 1,46 ir vid. = 3,77 ± 1,21). Vidutiniškai kartais taikomos slaugos priemonės: skausmo ir kitų nepageidaujamų simptomų vertinimas ir kontrolė bei bendravimas su pacientais (vid. = 3,42 ± 1,03 ir vid. = 3,42 ± 1,43). Teikiant priešmirtinę pagalbą, pacientams rečiausiai yra suteikiama psichosocialinė pagalba (vid. = 2,27 ± 1,28), vidutiniškai retai suteikiama dvasinė pagalba ir bendraujama su pacientų šeimos nariais (atitinkamai – vid. = 2,69 ± 1,27 ir vid. = 2,66 ± 1,40). Pacientams psichosocialinė ir dvasinė pagalbos yra teikiamos statistiškai reikšmingai dažniau nei jų šeimos nariams bei su pacientais bendraujama statistiškai reikšmingai dažniau nei su šeima (p < 0,05).
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AT WORK TRIGGERING GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS IN NURSES EMPLOYED BY SUPPORTIVE TREATMENT AND NURSING UNITS IN VILNIUS
Authors: Jakubynaitė Vaida , Ožeraitienė Violeta
Published: August 2016

Key words: nurses, supportive treatment and nursing units, psychosocial factors at work, gastrointestinal disorders. Aim of the work. To assess the impact of psychosocial risk factors at work on gastrointestinal disorders of nurses working in supportive treatment and nursing units in Vilnius. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study using an anonymous questionnaire was performed. 147 nurses aged 44.9 ± 10.1, employed by supportive treatment and nursing units in Vilnius filled out the questionnaires with questions concerning socio-demographic, psychosocial factors at work and gastrointestinal disorders. The odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated. Results. The most common psychosocial risk factor which affected nurses was psychological (64 %) and psychological (32.6 %) violence at work. The respondents were dissatisfied with limited career opportunities (53 %) and salary (43.5 %). 51.1 % of nurses suffered from physical and mental strain at work. Other psychosocial risk factors which impacted nurses were a lack of support from colleagues and superiors, unfair distribution of work, inability to control the pace of work, rush, difficult periods and the risk of injury. The likelihood to feel heartburn for nurses unable to control the pace of work was 5 times higher and they were 3.8 times more likely to have regurgitation. A lack of support from a superior increased the likelihood of nausea by 8.5 times, a early satiation – 14.4 times, a postprandial fullness – 5 times. A lack of support from colleagues increased the probability to feel epigastric burning by 7.2 times, to develop chronic gastritis – by 7 times – to suffer from gastric or duodenal ulcer – by 15.3 times. The accidental damage of equipment or performance outcomes increased the probability to develop gastric or duodenal ulcer by 11.4 times. Ignoring the nurses’ opinion on duties increased the chances to develop functional dyspepsia by 4.7 times. Conclusions. Psychosocial risk factors at work experienced by nurses significantly increase the risk of the symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders. The likelihood of the occurrence of the symptoms of functional dyspepsia was largely increased by the factors related to difficulties at work and bad relationship with superiors. The symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux are associated with the intensity and complexity of the performance, the responsibility for its outcomes. A lack of support from colleagues and responsibility for the performance outcomes increase the risk of the occurrence of chronic gastritis as well as gastric and duodenal ulcer.
VEIKSNIAI, LEMIANTYS OPERACINIŲ ŽAIZDŲ INFEKCIJAS PILVO CHIRURGIJOS SKYRIUOSE
Authors: Gierasimovič Zita , Kalibatienė Danutė , Mikaliūkštienė Aldona , Buckiūnienė Algimanta
Published: August 2016

Reikšminiai žodžiai: operacinių žaizdų priežiūra, žaizdų infekcija, tvarsčio vertinimas, antibiotikai. Tikslas. Ištirti chirurginių skyrių pacientų operacinių žaizdų būklę ir priežiūrą po pilvo srities operacijų. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Tyrimas atliktas 2015 metais Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės pilvo chirurgijos skyriuose. Tiriamąją grupę sudarė 20 pacientų (8 vyrai ir 12 moterų), 22–89 metų, amžiaus vidurkis – 53,25 ± 19,56 metų, mediana– 50,50. Operacinės žaizdos būklės dinamikos ir priežiūros kokybės tyrimas atliktas remiantis Higienos instituto parengta anketa „Operacinių žaizdų infekcijų epidemiologinė priežiūra chirurgijos skyriuose“. Statistinė duomenų analizė. Tyrimo duomenys koduoti ir analizuoti programa „IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0“. Skirtumui tarp neparametrinių rodiklių nustatyti naudotas Fišerio χ2 (chi kvadrato) kriterijus. Statistinio ryšio stiprumui nustatyti skaičiuotas Spearmeno koreliacijos koeficientas (rs). Skirtumai laikyti statistiškai reikšmingi, kai paklaidos tikimybės reikšmė p ≤ 0,05. Rezultatai. Vyresnio amžiaus pacientų operacinės žaizdos švarumas buvo statistikai reikšmingai mažesnis. Didesnė dalis pacientų turėjo antrą žaizdos švarumo klasę. Operacinės žaizdos tvarsčio būklė priklausė nuo jo buvimo laiko ant žaizdos ir operacinės žaizdos švarumo. Trečią stebėjimo parą pacientų, kuriems nustatyta pirma žaizdos švarumo klasė, šešis kartus dažniau tvarstis buvo nesuteptas biologiniu skysčiu nei pacientų, kuriems buvo antra žaizdos švarumo klasė. Nustatyta operacinės žaizdos dezinfekcijos pažeidimų, jos kokybė pooperaciniu laikotarpiu blogėjo. Ilgėjant pooperaciniam laikotarpiui, operacinės žaizdos skausmo intensyvumas reikšmingai mažėjo. Pooperaciniu laikotarpiu vyravo subfebrili kūno temperatūra, trečią parą didžiajai daliai ligonių temperatūra normalizavosi. Antrą ir trečią dieną kūno temperatūros svyravimai priklausė nuo tvarsčio būklės ir buvimo ant žaizdos laiko. Antimikrobinei profilaktikai prieš operaciją iš antibiotikų dažniausiai buvo skiriami pirmos kartos cefalosporinai, 5-nitroimidazolų grupės preparatai ir plataus veikimo spektro amino penicilinai. Visiems tirtiems pacientams operacinė žaizda gijo pirminiu būdu. Išvados. Operacinės žaizdos infekcija dažnesnė vyresnio amžiaus pacientams, po laparoskopinių operacijų ir jei operacijos trukmė ilgesnė nei valanda. Operacinės žaizdos infekcijos rizika nustatyta šeštadaliui pacientų. Tvarstydami operacinę žaizdą dalis slaugytojų nesilaiko chirurginės aseptikos reikalavimų, trečią parą pažeidimų padaugėjo penkis kartus, palyginti su pirmąja para po operacijos. Antimikrobinė profilaktika prieš operaciją buvo paskirta didžiajai daliai pacientų.
Physical activity levels and injury prevention knowledge and practice of a cohort of carpentry students
Authors: Overton Mark , Reynolds Emily , Clark Natalie , Bhana Haresh , Mulligan Hilda , Elliott Karen , Minnoch Penny
Published: August 2016

The levels of physical activity and knowledge about postures and practices in carpentry students have not been extensively investigated. This study will inform occupational health practitioners about carpentry students’ physical activity levels and workplace practices, so that back care and injury prevention education can be included in the curriculum. Data were collected from 51 participants using a questionnaire that asked about levels of physical activity and knowledge and practice for injury prevention. On average 6.4 hours of physical activity was performed weekly outside of work and/or study hours by 86% of participants. Most participants identified components of a safe lifting technique (‘bend knees’ 76%; ‘back straight’ 45%). They reported that heavy loads were frequently lifted (51% often/always lifted weights of 20–30kg independently and 69% rarely using the assistance of a co-worker or lifting device). Although participants had a basic knowledge of common lifting strategies for back care and injury prevention, weights lifted independently were frequently over the deemed safe lifting level. The findings indicate that carpentry students have a basic knowledge of injury prevention and lifting techniques but do not necessarily implement their knowledge into practice.
Green infrastructure integration in the urban periphery
Authors: Nefedov Valeriy
Published: August 2016

The paper considers the peculiarities of the territorial growth of the St Petersburg periphery and the problems of nature conservation as part of the ecological framework of the city. The author's attention is concentrated on the search for such an alternative solution of urban development, which would ensure the gradual formation of the natural infrastructure, integrated with new residential buildings and transport space. A number of alternative approaches to the creation of ecologically balanced environment in the periphery of St Petersburg is offered on the basis of the situation analysis in the city and the consideration of international experience. The author's core task in the urban periphery development is providing vital spaces for people's social and cultural interaction at their residence in the natural environment. An analysis of several conflict situations in the peripheral part of the city indicates the need of change of the town planning paradigm, which is capable of ensuring the coordination of the natural, engineering, transport and social infrastructure. The change from land use planning and management mainly for the multistorey building to the formation of integrated nature and architectural spaces of acceptable scale is demonstrated through several projects.
Panorama dos conteúdos de esporte adaptado nos programas de Pós-Graduação strito sensu de Educação Física no Brasi
Authors: Carmona Eduardo Klein , Bertoldi Rafaela , Mazo Janice Zarpellon , Hatje Marli , Palma Luciana Erina
Published: August 2016

Objetivo: apresentar um panorama dos conteúdos relativos à atividade física e ao esporte adaptado nos cursos de Pós-Graduação strito sensu, em Educação Física no Brasil. Método e Resultados: foram analisadas as informações que resultaram da avaliação dos PPGs disponibilizados pela CAPES e nos websites de cada curso no ano de 2013. Utilizaram-se as informações das áreas de concentração, linhas de pesquisa e disciplinas dos 29 PPGs na área de Educação Física existentes no Brasil. Destes, apenas o PPG da Unicamp apresenta uma área de concentração e duas linhas de pesquisa destinadas a promover estudos relacionados às pessoas com deficiência. A UNB oferece uma linha de pesquisa específica para estudos sobre pessoas com deficiência. Quanto às disciplinas, 11 cursos abordam a temática, sendo grande parte concentrados na UNICAMP. Considerações finais: os dados revelam que os conteúdos sobre atividade física adaptada e esporte adaptado ainda carecem de mais espaço na pós-graduação stricto sensu.
Aptidão física de escolares com deficiência intetectual leve
Authors: Panda Maria Denise Justo , Puglia Marilia Basilio
Published: August 2016

Atualmente, visualizamos muitas escolas com um trabalho significativo e contributivo para o processo de inclusão, com esforços direcionados para o desenvolvimento integral dos alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais nas escolas regulares e a educação física tem um papel importante nesse processo. Objetivo: avaliar a aptidão física relacionada à saúde e ao desempenho esportivo dos escolares diagnosticados com deficiência Intelectual leve, de três escolas participantes do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência – PIBID/UNICRUZ/Educação Física. Método: foram sujeitos do estudo 21 escolares, com idades entre 7 e 15 anos. O instrumento utilizado foi o Manual de testes e avaliação PROESP-BR (Projeto Esporte Brasil). Resultados: as variáveis que avaliaram a saúde dos educandos desencadearam maior preocupação, pois mostraram que a maioria dos alunos das três escolas está na zona de risco, principalmente no IMC (índice de massa corporal), estando eles acima do seu peso ideal, ou seja, com sobrepeso e até casos de obesidade. Outro resultado preocupante foram os índices de flexibilidade que mostram problemas de mobilidade corporal. As variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho esportivo desses alunos não foram tão alarmantes, mas estão aquém do esperado. Considerações finais: os resultados do estudo foram socializados e ofereceram indicadores para um planejamento de atividades, de acordo com as reais necessidades dos alunos, levando em conta que as oficinas de educação psicomotora do PIBID/UNICRUZ/ Educação Física devem apresentar significância para todos os seus participantes.
Efecto de ácidos hidroxicarboxilicos en la biorregulación del estrés causado por herbicidas en el cultivo de tomate
Authors: Rodríguez H. Jorge , Plaza Guido
Published: August 2016

Se llevó a cabo un experimento en invernadero y otro en condiciones de campo, evaluando el comportamiento de Ácidos hidroxicarboxílicos (AHC), como biorreguladores orgánicos en plantas de tomate tratadas con aplicación foliar de Metsulfuron-metil y Metribuzina a dosis comercial (X) y sobredosis (2X). En la etapa de invernadero, se evaluó la eficiencia cuántica (Fv/Fm), contenido de clorofilas, conductancia estomática e intercambio de CO2; en campo, se caracterizó el desarrollo foliar, crecimiento de raíces, TAN, TRC y rendimiento del cultivo bajo un sistema de producción convencional. La aplicación de Metsulfuron-metil (X y 2X) no alteró significativamente el contenido de clorofilas ni la conductancia estomática; sin embargo, disminuyó en 80% y 100% la eficiencia cuántica e intercambio de CO2 respectivamente, lo cual fue mitigado por la aplicación de AHC. Los AHC también evitaron la disminución del crecimiento de raíces y recuperaron la TAN y TRC durante el primer mes de evaluación, propiciando mayor llenado de fruto. Metribuzina afectó significativamente el intercambio de CO2 durante los primeros 15 dda; la aplicación en sobredosis afectó la eficiencia cuántica a partir de 7dda y causó defoliación a partir de 30 dda, lo que estuvo ligado con un descenso del 20% en producción. Los AHC sopesaron el estrés causado por Metribuzina y lograron valores similares a los alcanzados por las plantas testigo en todas las variables analizadas.
Los balances hídricos agrícolas en modelos de simulación agroclimáticos. Una revisión analítica
Authors: Cleves Leguízamo José Alejandro , Martínez Bernal Liven Fernando , Toro C. Javier
Published: August 2016

Los modelos agroclimáticos de simulación de cultivos, son de gran importancia porque permiten a los agricultores implementar medidas de manejo ante la ocurrencia de fenómeno hidroclimáticos asociados a la ocurrencia de eventos ENOS (también conocido como el niño/oscilación del sur). En este artículo se presentan las diferentes variables climatológicas requeridas para el cálculo de la ecuación de Penman-Monteith, se describen sus principales atributos, características y aplicabilidad. Posteriormente se comparan las diferentes metodologías utilizadas para la determinación de la evapotranspiración y se indican los componentes de la ecuación. Finalmente se define el balance hídrico, aplicabilidad y relación con el método Penman-Monteith y con los modelos agroclimáticos de simulación de cultivos CropWat y AquaCrop, señalando su sencilla pero eficiente aplicabilidad en diferentes escalas (agremiaciones, agricultores), convirtiéndose estos en herramientas sencillas y útiles para el diseño de estrategias de mitigación ante la incidencia de fenómenos asociados a la variabilidad climática.
Влияние развития информационных технологий на особенности использования ссылок в российских научных журналах и методы оценки на основе них наукометрических показателей
Authors: Брумштейн Юрий Моисеевич
Published: August 2016

Целью данной работы стал комплексный анализ вопросов, связанных с применением ссылок в публикациях; использованием информации о ссылках для решения наукометрических задач в отношении журналов и статей. В качестве материала для исследования использованы только российские научные издания, преимущественно периодические. Обоснована предпочтительность использования термина «ссылка» по сравнению с обычно применяемым выражением «цитирование». Показано, что развитие алгоритмов и программных средств выявления заимствований в научных работах и диссертациях происходит параллельно с совершенствованием средств маскировки таких заимствований. Проанализирована структура научных изданий России и сделан вывод о ее «не оптимальности» в силу наличия большого количества журналов/сборников с расплывчатыми названиями и тематикой публикаций; отсутствием прямых связей между журналами, научными конференциями, Советами по защите диссертаций; слабой координации деятельности изданий даже в пределах одного региона. Предложена одноуровневая схема категорирования научных изданий и двухуровневая схема для объектов, на которые делаются (могут делаться) ссылки в публикациях. Эти классификации могут быть использованы при построении схем учета «весов» для ссылок в рамках систем оценки результативности работы научных изданий и отдельных авторов. Показано, что развитие информационных технологий значительно улучшает доступность для авторов научных материалов, возможности их селективного выбора по запросам. Потенциально это способствует увеличению количества ссылок в публикациях, повышению степени их адекватности содержаниям статей. Предложены некоторые подходы к количественной оценке «связности» статей и отдельных научных журналов с научно-информационным пространством, основанные на учете количеств «входящих», «исходящих» и «внутрижурнальных» ссылок для научных публикаций. Проанализированы некоторые дополнительные возможности оценки качества публикаций и их востребованности, основанные на анализе количеств открытий Интернет-страниц с библиографической информацией о работах; просмотров их текстов в электронной форме; скачиваний (загрузок) этих текстов; определении продолжительностей просмотров текстов.
Integração soja e pastagem: Uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Viana J. S. , Barbosa J. G. , Silva J. A. , Brito T. R. C. , Badji C. A.
Published: August 2016

A necessidade do aumento de produção de alimentos de forma sustentável se faz cada vez mais presente. Neste aspecto, a soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) e a carne bovina são a base da alimentação mundial por serem fontes ricas em óleo e proteínas. No entanto, o cultivo convencional de soja e as pastagens extensivas não atende esses aspectos, principalmente quando relacionado à minimização dos impactos sobre o meio ambiente.  A integração lavoura – pecuária é uma solução viável para esta problemática, pois apresenta resultados positivos para produção de grãos de soja e para as pastagens, por meio do aumento da qualidade do solo, ciclagem de nutrientes, conservação da umidade, preparo único do solo, controle de plantas daninhas, interrompendo ciclos de insetos e doenças. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho apresentar a importância da soja para sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária. 

Integrating soybean and pasture: A literature review

Abstract: The needs for increasing the production of food in a sustainable way are more and more present nowadays. Regarding this, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and beef are the basis of global feed, because they are rich sources of protein and oil. However, the conventional growing of soy and the extensive pasturing do not meet these aspects, particularly when related to the minimization of their impacts on the environment. The integrated crop-livestock is a viable solution for such problem once it shows positive results for both the production of soybeans and pastures, by increasing soil quality, nutrient cycling, dampness conservation, single soil preparation, weed control, by interrupting insect cycles and diseases. Objective of this paper was to present the importance of soybeans for crop-livestock systems.
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Knockdown Impairs Interleukin‐1β‐Induced Cytokines in Human Periodontal Fibroblasts
Authors: Gabriele Lilian Gobbo , Morandini Ana Carolina , Dionísio Thiago José , Santos Carlos Ferreira
Published: August 2016

Background: The renin‐angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) has been reported as an important modulator of inflammatory and immune responses. Evidence suggests an alternative Ang 1‐7/Mas receptor axis as counter‐regulatory to the classic RAS Ang II/Ang II Type 1 (AT1) receptor axis. It is known that periodontal pathogens elicit host‐derived immune response due to release of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, and fibroblasts are among the most numerous sentinel cells that contribute to this production. The aim of this study is to determine whether AT1 receptor (AT1R) contributes to production of inflammatory cytokines that are important for periodontal pathogenesis using primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs) stimulated with IL‐1β.

Methods: Through RNA interference or pharmacologic inhibition using AT1R antagonist losartan, HGF and HPLF were stimulated by IL‐1β for 3 (messenger RNA [mRNA]) or 24 (protein) hours.

Results: IL‐1β upregulated mRNA expression of AT1R, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in HGF and HPLF. AT1R knockdown impaired IL‐1β‐induced IL‐6 and IL‐8 secretion in cultured HGF and HPLF. AT1R silencing also increased OPG gene expression in HGF only. Pharmacologic inhibition of AT1R through losartan modulated mRNA transcription of IL‐6 and IL‐8 in HPLF but not in HGF. In contrast, IL‐1β‐induced secretion of IL‐6 and IL‐8 was not influenced by losartan in HGF or HPLF.

Conclusion: These results suggest that AT1R knockdown and AT1R pharmacologic blockade by losartan may differently control balance of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐6 and IL‐8, in primary human periodontal fibroblasts.
Pueraria mirifica Exerts Estrogenic Effect and Promotes Mammary and Endometrial
Authors: Kakehashi Anna , Yoshida Midori , Tago Yoshiyuki , Ishii Naomi , Gi Min , Wanibuchi Hideki , Okuno Takahiro
Published: August 2016

Pueraria mirifica (PM) is a plant which dried and powdered tuberous root is now widely used as a rejuvenating herb to promote youthfulness in both men and women. In this study, we investigated the modifying effects of PM at various doses on mammary and endometrial carcinogenesis in female Donryu rats. Firstly, PM administered to ovariectomized Donryu rats at doses of 0.03, 0.3 and 3% in phytoestrogen-low diet for 2 weeks induced the significant increases of uterus weight. Secondly, 4-week PM application to non-operated rats at a dose of 3% after the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) initiation, resulted in significant elevation of cell proliferation in the mammary glands. In the third experiment, postpubertal administration of 0.3% (200 mg/kg b.w./day) PM to 5-week-old non-operated animals for 36 weeks following the initiation of mammary and endometrial carcinogenesis with DMBA and N-ethyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG), respectively, caused significant increases of mammary adenocarcinoma incidence and multiplicity. A trend for increase of uterine adenocarcinomas and a significant increase of endometrial atypical hyperplasia multiplicity was observed at 0.3% PM. Furthermore, PM at doses of 0.3 and mostly 1% induced dilatation, hemorrhage and inflammation of the uterine wall. In conclusion, the postpubertal long-term PM administration to Donryu rats exerted estrogenic effect in the mammary gland and uterus, and at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w./day promoted carcinogenesis initiated by DMBA and ENNG.
Control of Low-Cost Customizable Robot Arm Actuated by Elastic Tendons
Authors: Togashi Junki ,   Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Yamagata University, Mitobe Kazuhisa , Capi Genci ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hosei University
Published: August 2016

[abstFig src='/00280004/09.jpg' width='300' text='Elastic tendon driven robot arm' ] This paper presents a low-cost, lightweight robot arm with very low stiffness actuated by elastic tendons. To simplify the string tension control, a new winding device was developed. Small pulleys were incorporated into the winding drum to reduce friction between the tendon and the drum. A marionette-style two-link robot arm with compliant joints was prototyped. Because the arm and winding devices were separate from each other, the cost and weight of the robot were reduced. The links are made with lightweight wood connected by simple shaft joints. The robot design can be easily modified by the user because the mechanical parts do not require high machining accuracy. This robot is intended for implementation in tasks that do not require high positioning accuracy using a simple force control under environmental constraints. Because of its low stiffness, simple and sensor-less force control can be easily implemented based on the relationship between forces under static conditions. The proposed simple control method was evaluated experimentally by conducting position, static force, and hybrid position/force control tasks and was shown to perform well. The results also demonstrate that employing additional sensors, such as a camera, improves the accuracy of the controller.
Development of a New Pericardiocentesis Assist Device: Design Proposal and Evaluation of the Pericardium Grasping Mechanism
Authors: Fukushima Yuta ,   Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, Akita Ryo , Naemura Kiyoshi , Tsukihara Hiroyuki ,   Graduate School of Bionics, Computer and Media Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology,   Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
Published: August 2016

[abstFig src='/00280004/16.jpg' width='300' text='The pericardium grasp mechanism for pericardiocentesis' ] Complication ratio of the pericardiocentesis was reported 4.7%, due to the procedure using needle. To decrease complication of the pericardiocentesis, purposes of this study was to develop a new pericardiocentesis assist device without needle. The proposed device was able to aspirate fluid inside the pericardial space by grasping and cutting the pericardium. To cut the pericardium, the device needed to grasp the pericardium surely. In this paper, we designed pericardium grasping mechanism. The result of the structural analysis using the finite element method showed proposed grasping mechanism could keep grasping force of 120 N and pericardium elastic force of 2.7 N without fracture. Results of in vitro porcine pericardium grasping experiment using a proposed device model showed that the pericardium grasping force was elucidated to need more than 7.5 N, while the pericardium elastic force was 2.44 N. The proposed pericardium grasping mechanism could grasp a porcine pericardium securely without fracture.
A Formação do Sistema Previdenciário Brasileiro: 90 anos de História
Authors: Da Silva Lara Lúcia , Da Costa Thiago De Melo Teixeira
Published: August 2016

O trabalho objetivou traçar a evolução da Previdência Social brasileira nos 90 anos de história, para identificar  obstáculos e entraves em seu percurso para a efetivação dos direitos sociais e entender quais fatores contribuíram para a formação da atual situação financeira. Optou por dividir os 90 anos que marcam o cenário previdenciário em cinco momentos distintos, conforme suas peculiaridades, baseando-se em estudos como os de Malloy (1979), Oliveira e Teixeira (1989), Vianna (1998) e Santos (2009), em que foram analisadas as questões financeiras e políticas e a influência dos modelos da administração pública na formação das políticas previdenciárias. Percebeu-se que as políticas previdenciárias têm se caracterizado por um papel pouco redistributivo, baixa legitimidade democrática das coalizões dos trabalhadores, falta de uma autonomia burocrática e profissionalização das classes sociais e a pequena capacidade de mobilização, dificultando a condução de políticas previdenciárias voltadas para atender as necessidades de bem estar social da população.
Urinary Biomarkers at the Time of AKI Diagnosis as Predictors of Progression of AKI among Patients with Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome
Authors: Chen Chunbo , Yang Xiaobing , Lei Ying , Zha Yan , Liu Huafeng , Ma Changsheng , Tian Jianwei , Chen Pingyan , Yang Tiecheng , Hou Fan Fan
Published: August 2016

Background and objectives

A major challenge in early treatment of acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is the lack of predictors for progression of AKI. We aim to investigate the utility of urinary angiotensinogen and other renal injury biomarkers in predicting AKI progression in CRS.

Design, settings, participants, & measurements

In this prospective, multicenter study, we screened 732 adults who admitted for acute decompensated heart failure from September 2011 to December 2014, and evaluated whether renal injury biomarkers measured at time of AKI diagnosis can predict worsening of AKI. In 213 patients who developed Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stage 1 or 2 AKI, six renal injury biomarkers, including urinary angiotensinogen (uAGT), urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, urinary IL-18 (uIL-18), urinary kidney injury molecule-1, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, were measured at time of AKI diagnosis. The primary outcome was AKI progression defined by worsening of AKI stage (50 patients). The secondary outcome was AKI progression with subsequent death (18 patients).

Results

After multivariable adjustment, the highest tertile of three urinary biomarkers remained associated with AKI progression compared with the lowest tertile: uAGT (odds ratio [OR], 10.8; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.4 to 34.7), uNGAL (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.7 to 13.4), and uIL-18 (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 9.5). uAGT was the best predictor for both primary and secondary outcomes with area under the receiver operating curve of 0.78 and 0.85. These three biomarkers improved risk reclassification compared with the clinical model alone, with uAGT performing the best (category-free net reclassification improvement for primary and secondary outcomes of 0.76 [95% CI, 0.46 to 1.06] and 0.93 [95% CI, 0.50 to 1.36]; P<0.001). Excellent performance of uAGT was further confirmed with bootstrap internal validation.

Conclusions

uAGT, uNGAL, and uIL-18 measured at time of AKI diagnosis improved risk stratification and identified CRS patients at highest risk of adverse outcomes.
Biomechanical characterization of the periodontal ligament: Orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Uhlir Richard , Mayo Virginia , Lin Pei Hua , Chen Si , Lee Yan-Ting , Hershey Garland , Lin Feng-Chang , Ko Ching-Chang
Published: August 2016

Objective: To quantify the biomechanical properties of the bovine periodontal ligament (PDL) in postmortem sections and to apply these properties to study orthodontic tooth intrusion using finite element analysis (FEA). We hypothesized that PDL's property inherited heterogeneous (anatomical dependency) and nonlinear stress-strain behavior that could aid FEA to delineate force vectors with various rectangular archwires.

Materials and Methods: A dynamic mechanical analyzer was used to quantify the stress-strain behavior of bovine PDL. Uniaxial tension tests using three force levels (0.5, 1, and 3 N) and samples from two anatomical locations (circumferential and longitudinal) were performed to calculate modulus. The Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic (MRH) model was applied to the experimental data and used in an FEA of orthodontic intrusion rebounded via a 0.45-mm step bend with three archwire configurations of two materials (stainless steel and TMA).

Results: Force levels and anatomical location were statistically significant in their effects on modulus (P < .05). The apical part had a greater stiffness than did the middle part. The MRH model was found to approximate the experimental data well (r = 0.99), and it demonstrated a reasonable stress-strain outcome within the PDL and bone for FEA intrusion simulation. The force acting on the tooth increased five times from the 0.016 × 0.022-inch TMA to the 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel.

Conclusions: The PDL is a nonhomogeneous tissue in which the modulus changed in relation to location. PDL nonlinear constitutive model estimated quantitative force vectors for the first time to compare intrusive tooth movement in 3-D space in response to various rectangular archwires.
Different measles outbreaks in Belgium, January to June 2016 – a challenge for public health
Authors: Grammens Tine , Maes Virginie , Hutse Veronik , Laisnez Valeska , Schirvel Carole , Trémérie Jean Marie , Sabbe Martine
Published: August 2016

During the first half of 2016, several outbreaks of measles were reported in the three regions of Belgium. Main challenges for public health were severe complications occurring in adults, nosocomial transmission and infection in healthcare workers. Here, we describe those outbreaks and lessons learnt for public health.
Infection dynamics in a traveller with persistent shedding of Zika virus RNA in semen for six months after returning from Haiti to Italy, January 2016
Authors: Barzon Luisa , Pacenti Monia , Franchin Elisa , Lavezzo Enrico , Trevisan Marta , Sgarabotto Dino , Palù Giorgio
Published: August 2016

We describe the dynamics of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in a man in his early 40s who developed fever and rash after returning from Haiti to Italy, in January 2016. Follow-up laboratory testing demonstrated detectable ZIKV RNA in plasma up to day 9 after symptom onset and in urine and saliva up to days 15 and 47, respectively. Notably, persistent shedding of ZIKV RNA was demonstrated in semen, still detectable at 181 days after onset.
A Review of PROC IRT in SAS
Authors: Choi Jinnie
Published: August 2016

This article reviews PROC IRT, which was added to Statistical Analysis Software in 2014. We provide an introductory overview of a free version of SAS, describe what PROC IRT offers for item response theory (IRT) analysis and how one can use PROC IRT, and discuss how other SAS macros and procedures may compensate the IRT functionalities of PROC IRT.
Pediatric intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: age-related differences in clinical features, angioarchitecture, and treatment outcomes
Authors: Hetts Steven W. , Moftakhar Parham , Maluste Neil , Fullerton Heather J. , Cooke Daniel L. , Amans Matthew R. , Dowd Christopher F. , Higashida Randall T. , Halbach Van V.
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are rare in children. This study sought to better characterize DAVF presentation, angioarchitecture, and treatment outcomes.

METHODS

Children with intracranial DAVFs between 1986 and 2013 were retrospectively identified from the neurointerventional database at the authors' institution. Demographics, clinical presentation, lesion angioarchitecture, treatment approaches, angiographic outcomes, and clinical outcomes were assessed.

RESULTS

DAVFs constituted 5.7% (22/423) of pediatric intracranial arteriovenous shunting lesions. Twelve boys and 10 girls presented between 1 day and 18 years of age; boys presented at a median of 1.3 years and girls presented at a median of 4.9 years. Four of 8 patients ≤ 1 year of age presented with congestive heart failure compared with 0/14 patients > 1 year of age (p = 0.01). Five of 8 patients ≤ 1 year old presented with respiratory distress compared with 0/14 patients > 1 year old (p = 0.0021). Ten of 14 patients > 1 year old presented with focal neurological deficits compared with 0/8 patients ≤ 1 year old (p = 0.0017). At initial angiography, 16 patients harbored a single intracranial DAVF and 6 patients had 2–6 DAVFs. Eight patients (38%) experienced DAVF obliteration by the end of treatment. Good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) was documented in 77% of patients > 1 year old at presentation compared with 57% of patients ≤ 1 year old at presentation. Six patients (27%) died.

CONCLUSIONS

Young children with DAVFs presented predominantly with cardiopulmonary symptoms, while older children presented with focal neurological deficits. Compared with other pediatric vascular shunts, DAVFs had lower rates of angiographic obliteration and poorer clinical outcomes.
Toward a comprehensive assessment of functional outcomes in pediatric patients with brain arteriovenous malformations: the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory
Authors: Abecassis Isaac Josh , Nerva John D. , Barber Jason , Rockhill Jason , Ellenbogen Richard G. , Kim Louis J. , Sekhar Laligam N.
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE

Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are rare in pediatric patients but represent the most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke in this population. Pediatric patients demonstrate superior outcomes in comparison with adult patients with similar lesions and presentations. Most studies of clinical outcomes of pediatric bAVMs use the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), despite a lack of validation in pediatric patients.

METHODS

The authors interviewed the parents of 26 pediatric patients who underwent multimodality bAVM treatment and administered the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)—a well-validated tool for pediatric outcomes that quantifies performance in a physical, emotional, social, and school domains. They also reviewed clinical information from the patients' medical charts. Statistical analysis was performed using a log-transformed t-test, the Mann-Whitney exact test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman correlation. In addition, the literature was reviewed for prior reports of clinical outcome of pediatric cases of bAVM.

RESULTS

The average PedsQL health-related quality of life score was 71 ± 24, with an average age at diagnosis of 12.5 years and an average follow-up period of 6.8 years. Seventeen patients (65%) presented with hemorrhage and 4 (15%) with seizures. PedsQL scores correlated strongly and at a statistically significant level (p < 0.001) with mRS, Pediatric Overall Performance Category (POPC), Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC), and Glasgow Outcome Scale scores. Multivariate modeling validated special education, corrective devices, and cure status as significant predictors of PedsQL scores. Statistically significant risk factors for undergoing placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt included lower Glasgow Coma Scale motor scores on admission (p = 0.042), cerebellar location (p = 0.046), and nidus volume (p = 0.017). Neither treatment modality nor location statistically affected clinical outcomes at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

There have been few studies of long-term clinical outcomes of bAVM in pediatric patients, and previously published studies have used conventional metrics that have been validated in the adult population, such as the mRS. Although these metrics can serve as reasonable surrogates, an accurate understanding of overall health-related quality of life is contingent on utilizing validated toolsets, such as the PedsQL.