bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CD40L protects against mouse hepatitis virus-induced neuroinflammatory demyelination
Authors: Saadi Fareeha , Chakravarty Debanjana , Kumar Saurav , Kamble Mithila , Saha Bhaskar , Shindler Kenneth S. , Das Sarma Jayasri
Published: December 2021

Neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-A59/RSA59) infection in mice induces acute neuroinflammation due to direct neural cell dystrophy, which proceeds with demyelination with or without axonal loss, the pathological hallmarks of human neurological disease, Multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies in the RSA59-induced neuroinflammation model of MS showed a protective role of CNS-infiltrating CD4+T cells compared to their pathogenic role in the autoimmune model. The current study further investigated the molecular nexus between CD4+T cell-expressed CD40Ligand and microglia/macrophage-expressed CD40 using CD40L-/-mice. Results demonstrate CD40L expression in the CNS is modulated upon RSA59 infection. We show evidence that CD40L-/-mice are more susceptible to RSA59 induced disease due to reduced microglia/macrophage activation and significantly dampened effector CD4+T recruitment to the CNS on day 10 p.i. Additionally, CD40L-/-mice exhibited severe demyelination mediated by phagocytic microglia/macrophages, axonal loss, and persistent poliomyelitis during chronic infection, indicating CD40-CD40L as host-protective against RSA59-induced demyelination. This suggests a novel target in designing prophylaxis for virus-induced demyelination and axonal degeneration, in contrast to immunosuppression which holds only for autoimmune mechanisms of inflammatory demyelination.
Sustainable development and the aspirational male consumer: Tengri, making the case for sustainable luxury
Authors: Radclyffe-Thomas Natascha
Published: December 2021

Luxury is an industry that defines its value through the quality of its raw materials, which fosters creativity, elevates artisanship and relies on brand heritage and local production to underpin the provenance of its products and justify its pricing strategy and, as such, can be considered as embodying many of the practices of sustainability. Yet, despite public commitments and pledges for better business, both financial and cultural factors have contributed to a lack of progress in implementing the necessary system changes implied by slow fashion, sustainable development and the circular economy. Social enterprises use business to address social and environmental issues. In Tengri’s case, founder Nancy Johnston was inspired by her experiences travelling with Mongolia’s yak herders where she was confronted with the harshness of the nomadic way of life and threats to its continuing existence. She was driven to action when she juxtaposed these conditions with the promoted glamour of the luxury fashion industry, which relies on supplies of ingredients from just such workers. This article explores how Tengri combines social and environmental awareness with luxury product development incorporating the UN SDGs into a sustainable luxury menswear brand in a virtuous cycle of ethical fashion consumption and production.
Slavophiles on the European Enlightenment and the Reforms of Peter the Great as Causes of the Transformation of Russian Cultural Identity and Historical Memory
Authors: Shirokova M.A.
Published: December 2021

The author addresses the problems of the correlation between the national and the global (universal) in the cultural identity of Russia, as well as the interaction of tradition and modernization in the development of all spheres of Russian society. The article presents the position of the founders of the ideology of Slavophilism — A.S. Khomyakov, I.V. Kireevsky and J. F. Samarin. In the conditions of Russian autocracy in the middle of the 19th century Slavophiles demonstrated double civil courage, opposing their point of view to the state conservatism and state modernization. The attitude of Slavophile thinkers to the reforms of Peter the Great as a turning point in the history of Russian society and state, as well as in the formation of national selfconsciousness is shown. There were disagreements between Slavophiles in assessing the state of pre-Petrine Russia. However, the most important negative consequence of Peter's reforms and uncritical borrowing of the Western enlightenment was seen by all Slavophile authors as a split in Russia's cultural identity: the separation of educated society from the people and separation of the state from society. The Slavophiles associated the bridging of this gap with two factors. Firstly, with a revival of the Russian Enlightenment based on a synthesis of the national spiritual tradition and the universal achievements of Western civilization. Secondly, with the implementation of social and political reforms “from above”, first of all — with the abolition of serfdom.
Noricum Venetians as a Proto-Slavic Element
Authors: Piven P.V.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of finding the Proto-Slavic homeland. Based on data from historical sources, archeology, philology, anthropology, materials of genetic studies of various populations of Slavs, an attempt made to establish the area of formation of the Proto-Slavs. As one of the fundamental elements in the ethnogenesis of the Proto-Slavs, the bearer of the Pomeranian culture considered, presumably based on the substrate of the Western Balts and, possibly, the Venetes linguistically close to them. Based on a retrospective analysis, work done to summarize information about the Venetes as possible migrants from the Asia Minor peninsula, in connection with which an attempt made to establish the chronology of their resettlement across Europe. The area of formation of the Proto-Slavs considered in the context of the existing trade routes that connected the tribes living in the Vistula basin with the Mediterranean, the Eastern Baltic, the Dnieper basin, Germany and Gaul. It was shown that the expansion of the Velbar culture led to the division of the area of the Proto-Slavs, which resulted in their cultural differentiation. This approach allows us to explain the presence of Proto-Slavs in the polyethnic Przeworsk, Zarubinets and Chernyakhov cultures.
EVALUATING THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF CUCUMBERS FOR IMPROVED HEALTH AND SKIN CARE
Authors: Murad H. , Nyc M.A.
Published: December 2021

Epidemiological and nutritional studies indicate that cucumbers, a fruit in the cucurbitaceae family, have numerous benefits internally, externally and even emotionally. As a food, cucumbers offer superior hydration, as they are about 95% water. They have been used for decades for their anti-inflammatory benefits on skin, soothing properties for digestion, and other therapeutic uses. The following contribution offers an overview of cucumbers, specifically, their use to augment cellular water and address common conditions (i.e.: skin discoloration and aging, cardiovascular and cancerous diseases, bone health, inflammation, and connective tissue disorders).
EFECTO INHIBITORIO DE Lactobacillus plantarum AISLADOS DESDE LAS DISTINTAS ETAPAS DE LA CADENA PRODUCTIVA DE CARNE PORCINA FRENTE A Campylobacter coli
Authors: Ruiz M J
Published: December 2021

Lactobacillus plantarum has a great capacity to adapt to environmental and have antibacterial capacity against different pathogen. This is a potential alternative for the control of pathogen in food coming slaughter animal. The objective of this work was to determine the antibacterial effect of L. plantarum strains against C. coli strains. L. plantarum LP1, LP3, LP5 and LP7 of porcine origin and a reference strain of Campylobacter coli NCTC 11366 were used. C. coli and L. plantarum was reactivated. Lyophilized ELC and ELCn were obtained. C. coli was distributed on the surface of mCCDA by swab and the ELC and the ELCn were inoculated in wells previously made on the agar. After 48 h, the diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured. The inhibition halos produced were 23.2 mm. The ELCn showed less antagonistic activity. The LP5 ELC generated higher inhibition halos and ELCn showed no differences between the four strains studied. L. plantarum strains, isolated from the pig production chain, could potentially be applied to control C. coli. This data is added to the scarce scientific evidence of the inhibitory effect of L. plantarum before this zoonotic pathogen of importance in public health.
[Review] Deborah Bird Rose. Shimmer: Flying Fox Exuberance in Worlds of Peril. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2022. 240 pp.
Authors: Laird Tessa
Published: December 2021

Animal Studies Journal 2021 10(2): [Review] Deborah Bird Rose. Shimmer: Flying Fox Exuberance in Worlds of Peril. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2022. 240 pp.
Nature in the Dark - Public Space for More-than-Human Encounters
Authors: Brueggemeier Jan
Published: December 2021

Drawing on the continuing work of the Nature in the Dark (NITD) project, an art collaboration and publicity campaign between the Centre for Creative Arts (La Trobe University) and the Victorian National Parks Association (VNPA), this paper aims to explore some of the disciplinary crossovers between art, science and philosophy as encountered by this project and to think about their implications for an environmental ethics more generally. Showcasing animal life from Victoria, Australia, the NITD video series I and II invited international artists to create video works inspired by ecological habitat surveys from the Victorian National Parks land and water. Videos and photographs originally used to identify animals and population sizes are now creatively repurposed and presented to new audiences. NITD negotiate ‘the distribution of the sensible’ (Rancière), as they mark the domain of what is accessible to the public. This paper relates the discussion in the contemporary arts about the politics of aesthetics with the ethical conundrum of how we might care about something that is beyond our reach and we are not yet aware of, given our own perceptual blind spots. Drawing on a conversation between the philosopher Georgina Butterfield and myself as an artist and curator, this paper argues that we cannot justify setting arbitrary limits on our valuing, questioning or understanding of the non-human world, and as such it is a position both the philosopher and artist share. While it may be an ultimately unreachable goal, it is paradoxically an essential starting point for ecological ethics.
[Review] Teya Brooks Pribac. Enter the Animal: Cross-species Perspectives on Grief and Spirituality. Sydney University Press, 2021. 262 pp
Authors: Schaefer Donald O.
Published: December 2021

Animal Studies Journal 2021 10(2): [Review] Teya Brooks Pribac. Enter the Animal: Cross-species Perspectives on Grief and Spirituality. Sydney University Press, 2021. 262 pp
Układ nadawczo-odbiorczy w wielkopolskich inwentarzach z 2. połowy XVIII wieku
Authors: Osowski Błażej
Published: December 2021

Inwentarze dóbr szlacheckich z 2. połowy XVIII w. są tekstami wielowarstwowymi ze względu na zmieniający się w nich układ nadawczo-odbiorczy. Są to dokumenty zawierające wypowiedzi osób trzecich i elementy innych aktów komunikacji. Analizowany proces staje się tym samym kilkuetapowy (poczynając od zeznań świadków, a na wydaniu tekstów kończąc). Elementy poziomu niższego stają się na poziomie wyższym częścią komunikatu i mogą być modyfikowane, co przejawia się m.in. zmianą kodu, odmiany językowej czy formy podawczej. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytania: kto i do kogo mówi w analizowanych inwentarzach i jakie na poziomie cech językowych niesie to konsekwencje dla tekstu.
Атлас української мови як джерело дослідження української діалектної акцентної системи
Authors: Kobirynka Walina
Published: December 2021

У студії звернено увагу на джерела дослідження української діалектної акцентної системи, зокрема докладніше проаналізовано загальномовний «Атлас української мови». Зʼясовано, що межі поширення акцентуаційних рис представлено на різнотипних картах: регіональних, які відбивають протиставлення акцентуаційних явищ у межах окремих зон; ізоглосних, на яких лініями окреслено межі поширення акцентних одиниць; синтетичній, комплексній, чи так званій зведеній, методом побудови якої є рекартографування – акцентуаційні риси проаналізовано на всьому українському діалектному континуумі. Окрім карт, присвячених акцентній системі української мови, наголошення в «Атласі української мови» зображено також як супровідну рису на фонетичних, морфологічних, лексичних картах. Визначено, що обʼєктом картографування були іменники, прикметники, числівники, займенники та їх граматичні форми; описано ареали функціонування акцентуаційних рис, явищ, які проілюстровані на картах АУМ. Виявлено, що чимало інформації зберігають некартографовані матеріали. Водночас зазначено риси, тенденції, особливості наголошення, про які сигналізують карти АУМ. Зауважено, що АУМ також є надійним джерелом у вивченні явища інтерференції на акцентному рівні; виявленні діалектної основи літературно-нормативного наголошення. Зроблено висновок, що саме за допомогою лінгвогеографічного методу дослідник має змогу отримати новий цінний і переконливий матеріал, який уможливлює не лише окреслити ареали функціонування певного явища, а й доповнити наукові положення, уточнити, змінити чи й зовсім заперечити їх.
Vzájemné působení a prolínání apelativní a propriální slovní zasoby v nářeční rovinĕ češtiny
Authors: Čižmárová Libuše
Published: December 2021

Příspěvek vychází ze zaměření autorky na nářeční apelativní a propriální slovní zásobu v češtině. Vzájemné ovlivňování a prolínání obou složek je ilustrováno na příkladech ze dvou obcí – z Hlohovce, obce s původně chorvatským obyvatelstvem na pomezí východní Moravy a Rakouska, jejíž název byl zřejmě uměle vytvořen na základě mylné interpretace apelativního východiska jména obce (jméno Hlohovec patrně nesouvisí s apelativem hloh, ale se slovesem ležet), a z Rácova na Jihlavsku na Českomoravské vysočině, kde v důsledku zániku regionálního apelativa došlo k mylnému chápání motivace pomístního jména a jeho přetvoření ve jméno nové, předpokládající zcela jinou motivaci (M/močihuba : MozciHuba : Mučí Huba : Mlčí Huba -> Tiché údolí, Mlčící dolina).
Materiały do osiągnięć leksykografii słowiańskiej
Authors: Ryabets Lyudmila
Published: December 2021

Materiały do dialektologii.
About synonymy in dialects in the context of the general Polish language
Authors: Sierociuk Jerzy
Published: December 2021

This article presents the issue of synonymy in dialects. The phenomenon is viewed in a context of contemporary dialectal lexicographic descriptions and the abounding material excerpted from a corpus of a dialect spoken in a single village in Wielkopolska (Bukówiec Górny, Leszno county). If we agree that synonymy is a stylistic phenomenon, c h o i c e gains in importance as the prerequisite for a synonymic relation. The presented analyses indicate that a proper synonymic relation in dialects occurs only on the level of idiolects.
Performance of a solution of the direct geodetic problem by Taylor series of Cartesian coordinates
Authors: Marx C.
Published: December 2021

The direct geodetic problem is regarded on the biaxial and triaxial ellipsoid. A known solution method suitable for low eccentricities, which uses differential equations in Cartesian coordinates and Taylor series expansions of these coordinates, is advanced in view of its practical application. According to previous works, this approach has the advantages that no singularities occur in the determination of the coordinates, its mathematical formulation is simple and it is not computationally intensive. The formulas of the solution method are simplified in the present contribution. A test of this method using an extensive test data set on a biaxial earth ellipsoid shows its accuracy and practicability for distances of any length. Based on the convergence behavior of the series of the test data set, a truncation criterion for the series expansions is compiled taking into account accuracy requirements of the coordinates. Furthermore, a procedure is shown which controls the truncation of the series expansions by accuracy requirements of the direction to be determined in the direct problem. The conducted tests demonstrate the correct functioning of the methods for the series truncation. However, the considered solution method turns out to be significantly slower than another current method for biaxial ellipsoids, which makes it more relevant for triaxial ellipsoids.
Vertical differentiation of pedogenic iron forms – a key of hydromorphic soil profile development
Authors:   Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Ringer Marianna , Jakab Gergely ,   Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary ; ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Budapest, Hungary, Sipos Péter ,   Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Szabó Máté ,   Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Horváth-Szabó Kata ,   Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Perényi Katalin ,   ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary, Szalai Zoltán ,   Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary ; ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Budapest, Hungary
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on the vertical distribution and characterisation of pedogenic iron forms in a Gleysol- Histosol transect developed in a marshy area in the Danube-Tisza Interfluve, Hungary. Four soil profiles were investigated along a series of increasing waterlogging and spatial and temporal patterns of hydromorphic pedofeatures (characteristics of pedogenic iron forms) were recorded. Frequent and wide-range redox potential (Eh) changes caused the emergence of many types of redoximorphic iron features, including mottles, plaques and nodules. The forms of these features depended on the micro-environments determined by the vertical position in the soil profile and the presence of plant roots. The greatest iron enrichment occurred in the zone of most intensive and widest-range redox fluctuations. Increasing water saturation resulted the extension of gleyic pattern due to the existence of permanent reduction. Most of the features also showed annual variations during the varying periods of water saturation and aeration.
Yáñez, Juan Carlos. (Coord.). Gobernar es alimentar. Discursos, legislación y políticas de alimentación popular. Chile, 1900-1950
Authors: Paredes Hernández Carlos Luis
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de este libro es aportar al estudio de un periodo clave en la formulación e implementación de políticas públicas sobre la alimentación en Chile (p. 11). En ese sentido, todos sus artículos consideran tres temas fundamentales: la «cuestión social» (p. 40) chilena entendida como la emergencia de problemas urbanos a consecuencia de la industrialización en determinadas zonas del país a inicios del siglo XX; el proceso de «medicalización de la sociedad» (p. 91) en donde los médicos asumieron la «cuestión social» (p. 91) como una responsabilidad propia; y el Estado, que es abordado como un actor clave en la identificación e implementación de soluciones a la «cuestión social» (p. 12). Asimismo, salvo el primero, los artículos se refieren a políticas públicas en sus distintas etapas: formulación, debate e implementación. Incluso, los dos últimos textos se refieren a productos resultantes de ellas. Además, cada artículo explora aspectos poco abordados por la historia de la alimentación.
Study of the influence of quick-hardened alloy on the properties of metal polymers
Authors: Yeriomina K. A. , Lysenko O. B. , Nosenko V. K. , Yarovyi Ya. E.
Published: December 2021

The article explores the effect of quick-hardened alloy PR-N65X25S3R3 based on nickel, (chemical composition – Ni64,6Cr25C1,2Si2,7B2,5Mn0,2Fe3,8) on the physical and mechanical properties of metal-containing polymers. Carried out tests and results have shown that the use of quick-hardened alloys, which are characterized by a set of unique properties, is appropriate. The developed metal-containing polymers that contain aromatic polyamide phenylone and 5 - 20 wt.% of self-fluxing amorphous alloys PR-N65X25S3R3 are characterized by 2 times greater abrasive wear resistance and better adhesive strength between the components. Due to the use of quick-hardened alloy it was possible to increase theeffective filler content from 15 wt.% to 20 wt.% that will increase the electromagnetic properties of metal-containing polymers.
Non-isothermal crystallization of LiNaGe4O9 glass
Authors: Skrypnik Ye. V. , Trubitsyn M. P. , Diachenko A. O. , Volnianskii M. D.
Published: December 2021

The glass of lithium-sodium tetragermanate LiNaGe4O9 is crystallized on heating under the control of differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. The measurements were prepared in the temperature range 300-870 K and showed the relatively weak endothermic DSC anomaly and 40-50 K above the single exothermic peak. The endothermic anomaly observed at Tg testified to softening the glass structure whereas the exothermic peak at TC manifested crystallization of the amorphous phase. Studying of TGA demonstrated smooth nearly linear dependences without any visible anomalies. Varying the heating rate from 1.2 up to 40 K/min resulted in noticeable increase of the characteristic temperatures Tg and TC. Lower limit of the glass transition temperature Tg0 was estimated with the help of the existing model. The mechanism of the LiNaGe4O9 glass crystallization is discussed.
Coloring of Bi4Ge3O12 – Mn crystals induced by electric field
Authors: Bochkova T. M.
Published: December 2021

The effect of the direct electric field on the optical transmittance of Bi4Ge3O12 single crystals doped with Mn is studied in the mode of using asymmetric contacts when only one electrode (Ag or In-Ga) is injected. It is found that changes in the optical transmittance spectra under the action of unipolar injection of electrons and holes are different. They also differ from the case of using symmetrical electrodes (double injection mode). The optimal temperature and field  conditions for electrochromic coloring are determined from the correspondence between the manifestations of the electrochromic effect in Bi4Ge3O12 ─ Mn crystals and the current-voltage characteristics. It is shown that the maximum effect is achieved by injecting holes into a Bi4Ge3O12 ─ Mn sample annealed in a reducing atmosphere.
Calculation of a non-reflective connection in a coaxial line
Authors: Morozov V. M. , Magro V. I.
Published: December 2021

The calculation of the non-reflective connection in the coaxial line is performed by the integral equation method. The connection of coaxial lines with a significant difference in geometric dimensions is considered. A system of equations is obtained that allows calculating the reflection coefficient of the T-wave from such an inhomogeneity. This technique makes it possible to calculate a multistage coaxial waveguide in order to minimize the reflection coefficient from inhomogeneities.
Bouveret-szindróma
Authors: Tóth Kinga , Penyige József , Al-Droubi Husni , Somlai Krisztián , Pauer Éva , Freisinger Lilla , Igaz Iván
Published: December 2021

Összefoglaló. A Bouveret-szindróma egy bilioenteralis fistulán
keresztül a vékonybélbe – az esetek 85%-ában a duodenumba – jutó nagy epekő
okozta bélelzáródást jelenti. Leggyakrabban idős nők körében fordul elő. Jelen
közleményünk célja e kórkép tüneteinek, diagnosztikájának és terápiás
lehetőségeinek ismertetése egy esetbemutatás kapcsán. A 79 éves nőbeteg
felvételi hasi panaszainak hátterében típusos gyomorkimenet-obstrukciós
szindrómát okozó, a duodenumban beékelődött epekő, Bouveret-szindróma
igazolódott. A diagnózist az elvégzett natív hasi röntgen és hasi
ultrahangvizsgálatok már felvetették, de megerősítésére további képalkotó
vizsgálatot (hasi CT) és endoszkópos beavatkozást végeztünk. Ezt követően
sebészeti beavatkozás történt, melynek során a cholecystoduodenalis fistula
zárása és az epekő eltávolítása után a beteg gyógyultan távozott.
Közleményünkben a diagnózisfelállítás idejének fontosságáról, illetve a terápiás
lehetőségekről számolunk be, valamint szeretnénk felhívni a figyelmet az epekő
okozta gyomorürülési zavar ezen ritka formájára. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(49):
1982–1986.

Summary. Bouveret syndrome is a rare form of bowel obstruction
resulting to the small intestine – in 85% of the cases to the duodenum – caused
by a gallstone from a bilioenteral fistula. It occurs most commonly in elderly
women. The aim of the present study is to describe the symptoms, diagnostic and
therapeutic options of Bouveret syndrome due to our case report. The background
of epigastric pain of the 79-year-old woman was the typical gastric outlet
obstruction syndrome caused by Bouveret syndrome with an impacted gallstone into
the duodenum. This diagnosis was suggested by abdominal X-ray and abdominal
ultrasound; however, it was confirmed with abdominal computer tomography and
upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. This was followed by surgical intervention to
close the cholecystoduodenal fistula and remove the gallstone, finally the cured
patient was discharged. In our study, we summarize the importance of timely
diagnosis and therapeutic options, respectively, furthermore, draw attention to
this rare form of gallstone-caused gastric outlet obstruction syndrome. Orv
Hetil. 2021; 162(49): 1982–1986.
The effect of menstrual cycle on anaerobic power and jumping performance
Authors: Yapıcı-Öksüzoğlu Ayşegül , Egesoy Halit
Published: December 2021

Background and Study Aim. There has been a significant increase in the participation levels of women in competitive sports in recent years. This has contributed to the increase of research on women's participation in sports and their health. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle on anaerobic power and jumping performance. Material and Methods. In this study, 15 female athletes between the ages of 18-24, who have a regular menstrual cycle for the last 6 months Wingate Anaerobic Power Test and Active Jumping Test applied to athletes during their menstrual phases (second day of the menstruation period) and follicular phases (14th day of the menstruation period). In the statistical analysis of the data, descriptive analyses of test measurements of athletes were calculated as mean and standard deviation. Whether there is a significant difference between the measurements taken on two different days was analyzed using the t-test in dependent groups. Results. It was determined that the anaerobic power and active jump performances of the participants had an effect on peak power, fatigue index and active jump performance between day 2 and day 14 values. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between these values (p<0.05). Conclusions. This situation can be explained as a result of the hormonal changes in the menstrual period of the athletes and the effects of psychological factors specific to this period.
Social representations of physical education teachers concerning the game: a qualitative study in Chile
Authors: Almonacid-Fierro Alejandro , Mondaca Urrutia Jessica , Sepúlveda-Vallejos Sergio , Valdebenito Karla
Published: December 2021

Background and Study Aim. The objective of this research was to determine the social representations of the game in physical education teachers belonging to the Chilean educational system, searching for the sense and meaning given by the educators to the game aspect.

Material and Methods. The study sample consisted of 14 physical education teachers, who were chosen by the convenience sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from the participants, maintaining gender equity. The analysis of the data obtained was by means of content analysis and the NVivo 11 program was used to process the data.

Results. Our research indicates that of the categories analyzed, the highest was the role of the game (22.29%), demonstrating the relevance given by teachers to the game in the development of meaningful learning. On the contrary, the category characteristics of the game (17.42%), describe how teachers visualize the contributions of play at the educational level, in this sense, the role of the game goes beyond motor contributions, but also provides tools for social and cognitive development.

Conclusions. For the teachers, the game promotes autonomous and proactive actions of the students, which will be beneficial to understand that playfulness in education implies not to put in contradiction the rational and emotional faculties. This comprehensive view is called full attitude, and it is a relevant step toward the understanding of the game from a complex perspective. In this area, it is evident that, in the social representations of the participating teachers, the game constitutes a natural environment in which children develop, where the physical education teacher should create an environment that facilitates the game, facilitating the expression of autonomy, freedom, creativity, and playfulness.
The influence of motor skills on the short sprint results
Authors: Aksović Nikola , Skrypchenko Iryna , Bjelica Bojan , Mohan Singh R. Ram , Milanovic Filip , Nikolic Dejan , Zelenović Milan
Published: December 2021

Background and Study Aim. The curriculum of physical education in high schools is based on learning motor skills, as well as their development in sports sections, where the 100-meter sprint dominates. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of motor skills on the 100 m running results.

Material and Methods. The research was conducted on a sample of 80 high school students in Novi Pazar and Kraljevo, aged 16 and 17 years (± 6 months). 12 variables were used to assess motor skills, three variables each: explosive power, segmental speed, repetitive power, and flexibility (standing long jump), triple jump, five jumps. For estimating segmental speed: foot tapping, hand tapping, foot tapping on the wall. For the assessment of repetitive power: lifting the torso on the Swedish bench, mixed pull-ups, squats. To assess flexibility: deep bench press, twine, stick twist.

Results. Results were obtained to confirm that there is a positive influence of motor skills on the 100 m sprint results at the level of (p=.000). The results in the 100 m sprints are statistically significantly dependent on the motor skills that manifest segmental speed and explosive power. Variables (standing long jump, foot tapping on the wall and foot tapping) have a statistically significant effect on the criterion variable of the 100 m sprint.

Conclusions. Recommendation to future researchers would be to conduct a study over a longer period of time with the aim of examining the biomechanical factors that determine the success in sprint, is the production of force in the phase of sprint acceleration and sprint deceleration.
Ideological principles in art as a frame for the artist’s creativity. About the democratization of art
Authors: Szklarska Anna
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the problem of ideological principles applied to the space of art as a specific framework for the creative process and the work itself. The author also considers the phenomenon of democratization of art. Do democratic values penetrate into contemporary art and to what extent, to what extent do they shape it and how should this phenomenon be assessed? In her considerations, the author refers, among others, to the reflections of Ortega y Gasset or Chantal Mouffe. The context of the apology of democratic values that permeate the sphere of art is also worth analyzing. The deliberations are interdisciplinary in nature, they constitute only an outline of the title issue, oscillate around the issues of several philosophical sub-disciplines, with particular emphasis on the history of ideas, philosophy of culture, social philosophy and aesthetics. The author considers it worth considering the answer to the question: Is contemporary art democratic and what would it mean?
Cultural transgressions in contemporary literary texts for children
Authors: Warzocha Anna
Published: December 2021

Literature, also created with children in mind, to quote Kazimierz Brodziński, is a mirror of the age and the nation. Reacting to the change of cultural paradigm, it opens the borders, meets the current needs of the audience, adapts its repertoire to their interests and new narrative practices. Contemporary technological ubiquity generates an asymmetry of semiotic matter and communicative context, which realizes displacements in the area triad: culture-literature-media, thus triggering transgressions in literary texts. The questioning of the conventions of writing and printing causes modifications in the architectural structure of readings, which become on-linear, use the language of old and new media, and follow the example of audiovisual productions. The article highlights some of the transformations taking place in literature aimed at the on-adult reader in times of a culture that is changing anthropologically in spectacular and audiovisual way.
Maxime Rovere, Co zrobić z idiotami. I jak samemu nie wyjść na idiotę, transl. Maria Zawadzka-Strączek, IW ZNAK, Kraków 2021, ss. 238
Authors: Śliwerski Bogusław
Published: December 2021

The text being presented is a review paper referring to the publication by Maxime Rovere (2021), Co zrobić z idiotami. I jak samemu nie wyjść na idiotę, translated by Maria Zawadzka-Strączek, Kraków: IW ZNAK, pp. 238. The title of the book of this French philosopher contains the word ‘idiota’ (which is the Polish word for ‘idiot’), which is the subject-matter of a multi-dimensional reflection in this paper. In the publication referred to in this paper, Rovere perceives idiots from the philosophical point of view as a problem relevant to relationships, society and psychology (intrapsychic). The author discusses the above-indicated issues in interdisciplinary terms, presenting the diverse possibilities of interpreting the notion referred to in the title of the book. In turn, social, professional, family-related and educational contexts are addressed by the author in his book.
Two representations of case: Evidence from numerals and relatives
Authors: Grabovac Anna
Published: December 2021

This paper highlights a fundamental tension between the representations required for case syncretism versus the representations required for case priority. Case syncretism is captured with a feature decomposition based on the patterns established in Caha 2009. However, a different decomposition is required for case priority relations, which are instantiated in Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS) numeral constructions and in BCS and German relative constructions. The paper proposes that this conflict can be resolved by introducing two levels of representation into the case system: priority is determined by set structures in the syntax, while syncretism is analyzed following a post-syntactic unification operation.
Archaeology Lessons From Lockdown
Authors: Crawford Katherine A. , Goodwin Karl , Mazzilli Francesca , Misic Blanka , Scoppie Sarah U.
Published: December 2021

The editorial of the fourth issue of the Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal (TRAJ) focuses on what we have learned during the COVID-19 pandemic. The editors focus on the positive outcome of the pandemic, while emphasising aspects of the TRAC organisation that can be improved in the coming years. In this editorial we highlight TRAC’s strong tradition of introspection to bring awareness to how we as a community can continue to improve in terms of diversity and inclusivity.
Improving the Regulatory Framework in the Field of Preventive Medicine as a Factor of Public Health Safety
Authors: Burlakov Vladimir , Shchepelkov Vladislav , Diveeva Nelli
Published: December 2021

In 2020, within the framework of the RFBR grant «Legal and Criminological Problems of Preventive Medicine», the first stage of the study on criminological risks in the field of preventive medicine (hereinafter referred to as PM) was conducted and its results were published. It was found that corruption risks are the main threat to criminological security in the field of PM.
This article presents the results of a new study, which is a continuation of the work under the designated RFBR grant. The anti-corruption expertise of a number of legal acts regulating relations in the field of PM showed that they create significant prerequisites for corruption during preventive medical examinations, and as a result, a decrease in the safety of public health. The analysis of the results of the discussion of draft departmental regulations on the official government website, as well as the results of a survey of medical professionals, lead to the same conclusion.
An analysis of the totality of the results obtained in the course of the study suggests that the current model of organizing preventive medical examinations is largely the result of lobbying on the part of medical organizations that receive income from PM, including corruption lobbying.
The authors come to the conclusion that the organization of preventive medical examinations should be put under effective public control, and adjustments should be made to the anti-corruption expertise of draft normative legal acts on preventive medical examinations: medical specialists should be involved in such expertise and preliminary sociological studies should be conducted to establish the acceptability of the projected legal regulation for the participants in the relations.
Criminal Law Sanctions and the Practice of Their Implementation in Counteracting Some Crimes of Corruption
Authors: Gavrilov Boris , Rogova Evgeniya
Published: December 2021

When analyzing the problem of counteracting crimes with a corruption component, specialists single out different areas: criminological, victimological, criminal prevention, organizational-management, etc. The authors of the article focus on such criminal law area as the application of criminal law sanctions and their effectiveness in counteracting some most common types of crimes of corruption. This topic is of much interest because the introduction of amendments into criminal legislation in 2003–2011 and later years that eliminated the minimum punishment of incarceration or fine for a considerable number of norms, the lack of coordination between specific types of punishment, and a number of other factors created conditions for a rather wide and often unjustified use of judicial discretion when determining punishment for crimes of corruption, which led both the research community and the practicing lawyers to believe that the criminal law itself contains a corruption component. The abovementioned factors, together with the task of liberalizing criminal legislation on economic crimes set by the country’s leadership, demand a simultaneous improvement of the effectiveness of criminal law measures used for the category of unlawful actions under discussion. Taking into consideration the analysis of criminal law sanctions for specific types of crimes of corruption, the existing court practice of awarding criminal sentences for them, and the statistical data of the Court Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to draw attention of court authorities and lawmakers to the existing problems both in the legislative content of criminal law sanctions and in their implementation; their essence is outlined in the current article. The choice of the types of crimes of corruption, the criminal law sanctions for which are analyzed in the article, is not accidental and is justified by their prevalence in the practice of law enforcement.
BIND&MODIFY: Long-range single-molecule mapping of chromatin modification in eukaryotes v1
Authors: Weng Zhe
Published: December 2021

Here we describe a powerful method, BIND&MODIFY, for probing histone modifications and transcription factors at single molecular level. Our approach used the recombinant fused protein A-M.EcoGII, which tethers the methyltransferase M.EcoGII to the protein binding sites and locally labels the neighboring DNA regions via artificial methylations. This method could reveal ingle-molecule heterogenous histone modification status and CpG methylation at the same time, and could enable quantify the correlation between the distal elements. Further applications based on this method's concept could be applied to probe multiple protein binding events on the same single molecular DNA. The method proposed herein may soon become an essential tool for third-generation sequencing in the future.
Isolating and growing fibroblast cells from threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) v2
Authors: Q Le Gabrielle , Steinel Natalie , Fuess Lauren , Rodgers Maria , Bolnick Daniel
Published: December 2021

This protocol goes through the process of isolating and growing fibroblast cells from threespine stickleback.
Mecánica sagital del cambio de dirección en jugadoras de fútbol de diferente nivel competitivo
Authors: García-Quiles Violeta , Aparicio Sarmiento Alba
Published: December 2021

La evaluación del cambio de dirección podría contribuir de forma importante tanto a orientar el entrenamiento preventivo como a guiar los procesos de recuperación de las futbolistas. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron describir la mecánica sagital del cambio de dirección (COD) de un grupo de jugadoras de fútbol y comparar la biomecánica sagital del COD, así como el rendimiento de las jugadoras en la prueba en función de su nivel competitivo. Para ello, se analizaron las mecánicas de flexión de rodilla y flexión de tronco de las futbolistas durante el penúltimo (PA) y último apoyo en un COD de 90º. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal con 34 jugadoras de entre 16-28 años pertenecientes a dos equipos femeninos de diferente nivel competitivo. Para el análisis de la biomecánica sagital del COD se utilizó el software Kinovea. El tiempo de ejecución fue calculado mediante células fotoeléctricas. Se encontró que la posición media del tronco fue en flexión en el momento del contacto inicial durante el penúltimo apoyo, tanto en el COD hacia la derecha (7,0±4,8º), como en el COD hacia la izquierda (6,1±5,6º). La flexión de rodilla máxima (DER: 94,1±21º; IZQ: 91,5±26,7º) fue considerablemente superior (valores inferiores) a la flexión de rodilla en el contacto inicial (DER: 122,9±21,1º; IZQ: 122,4±24,1º) del último apoyo. Por otro lado, tanto la flexión de tronco inicial como máxima durante el último apoyo, presentaron valores significativamente superiores en el equipo de futbolistas de élite (inicial: 12,1±6,7º vs. 5,2±6,3º; máxima: 13,4±6,8º vs. 7,3±6º). En conclusión, las jugadoras de fútbol mostraron una estrategia de flexión de tronco de bajo riesgo durante el apoyo final, sin embargo, no realizaron una estrategia de deceleración clara y eficiente durante el PA, aunque sí que presentaron una adecuada flexión de rodilla. Las futbolistas de élite realizaron el cambio de dirección más rápido y de forma más segura.
“Yo no soy un cuerpo, yo soy una cabeza pensante”
Authors: Durán Gisela
Published: December 2021

Este artículo, inserto en una investigación etnográfica más amplia sobre las vivencias del proceso de envejecimiento en unas mujeres madrileñas, examina el impacto que tiene en estas mujeres la interiorización de dicotomías clásicas como las que oponen mente y cuerpo, jerarquizando los dos términos de la polaridad. Este estudio plantea que la conciencia del cuerpo que envejece podría reforzar en ellas el pensamiento dicotómico, privilegiando la identificación con la mente y el desapego de un cuerpo que, según un orden simbólico dualista, aparece como inmanente, inferior al espíritu y necesitado de control.
Greko-Romen ve Serbest Stil Güreşçilerde Yaralanma/Sakatlanma Oranlarının Karşılaştırılması: Bir Sistematik Derleme ve Meta-Analiz Çalışması
Authors: ULUPINAR Süleyman , ÖZBAY Serhat , GENÇOĞLU Cebrail , İNCE İzzet
Published: December 2021

Güreş, temaslı mücadelenin yoğun olarak yaşandığı sporların başında gelmektedir. Müsabakalar ve antrenmanlar sırasında güreşçilerin maruz kaldığı fiziksel eforlar yaralanma/sakatlanma riskini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Ancak güreş stilleri arasında yaralanma/sakatlanma riski açısından bir fark olup olmadığı belirsizdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Greko-Romen (GR) ve serbest (Srb) stil güreşçilerin yaralanma/sakatlanma oranlarını meta-analiz yöntemiyle karşılaştırmaktır. Veri tabanları taranarak konuyla ilgili çalışmalar incelenmiştir ve dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 8 çalışmadan toplam 1365 güreşçiye (GR: 662; Srb: 703) ait verinin meta-analizi yapılmıştır. Yaralanma/sakatlanma riskini değerlendirmek için odds oranları (OO) hesaplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları GR ve Srb stil güreşçilerin genel yaralanma/sakatlanma oranları arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığını göstermiştir (OO=0.705; p=0.111). Yaralanma/sakatlanma bölgeleri açısından farklılıklar incelendiğinde, diz (OO=0.330; p=0.038) bölgesinde Srb stil güreşçilerin yaralanma/sakatlanma oranının anlamlı derecede daha yüksek olduğu bulunurken; gövde/sırt/kaburga (OO=1.719; p=0.002) ve omuz/köprücük kemiği/kürek kemiği (OO=1.451; p=0.027) bölgelerinde GR güreşçilerin anlamlı derecede daha yüksek yaralanma/sakatlanma oranına sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayak/ayak bileği/topuk (OO=0.835; p=0.347), el/el bileği/el parmakları (OO=1.194; p=0.529), dirsek (OO=1.351; p=0.178), kafa/yüz/boyun (OO=1.160; p=0.506) ve uyluk/kalça/bel (OO=1.159; p=0.480) bölgelerinde ise iki grup arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışma kapsamında yapılan tüm meta-analizler, yayın yanlılığı açısından bir asimetri olmadığını göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma genel yaralanma/sakatlanma oranları açısından stiller arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığını gösterirken; diz bölgesinde Srb stil güreşçilerin, gövde/sırt kaburga ve omuz/köprücük kemiği/kürek kemiği bölgesinde GR güreşçilerin anlamlı derecede daha yüksek bir orana sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu araştırmanın sonuçları hem günlük antrenmanlar öncesinde hem de daha uzun vadeli antrenman planlamasında güreş stillerine göre yaralanma/sakatlanma oranlarını azaltmak için alınacak tedbirlere rehberlik edebilir.