bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Elevated FIB-4 Score Is Associated with an Increased Incidence of Depression among Outpatients in Germany
Authors: Schöler David , Kostev Karel , Demir Münevver , Luedde Mark , Konrad Marcel , Luedde Tom , Roderburg Christoph , Loosen Sven H.
Published: April 2022

Background: Liver disease and depression are known to be closely associated. Non-invasive tests (NIT), such as the FIB-4 score, have been recommended by different guidelines to rule out advanced fibrosis and to stratify the risk of liver-related outcomes in patients with chronic liver diseases. However, the predictive value of an elevated FIB-4 score regarding the development of depression and/or anxiety disorders among the general population is unknown. Methods: By using the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA), which compiles diagnoses and laboratory values as well as basic medical and demographic data of patients followed in general practices in Germany, we identified 370,756 patients with available lab values for FIB-4 score calculation between 2005 and 2019. Patients with an FIB-4 score < 2 were matched 1:1 to patients with an FIB-4 index ≥ 2 by age, sex and yearly consultation frequency. Results: In regression analysis, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of depression was significantly higher among patients with an FIB-4 score ≥ 2.0 compared to patients with a lower FIB-4 score <2.0 (IRR: 1.12, p < 0.001). This association was significant for both female (IRR: 1.10, p = 0.004) and male (IRR: 1.15, p < 0.001) patients and strongest in the age groups ≤50 years (IRR: 1.42, p < 0.001) and 51-60 years (IRR: 1.34, p < 0.001). There was no significant association between an elevated FIB-4 score ≥ 2.0 and the incidence of depression among patients aged 60 years and older. There was no significant increase in the IRR of anxiety disorders for patients with high or low FIB-4 scores. Conclusion: Our study suggests a previously unknown association between an elevated FIB-4 score and an increased incidence of depression. This finding suggests that the FIB-4 score is not only a valuable tool for the prediction of liver-specific endpoints but also may be of relevance for the prediction of extrahepatic comorbidities, which in turn may argue for clinical screening programs in patients with an elevated FIB-4.
Perioperative and Long-Term Anatomical and Subjective Outcomes of Laparoscopic Pectopexy and Sacrospinous Ligament Suspension for POP-Q Stages II–IV Apical Prolapse
Authors: Szymczak Paulina , Grzybowska Magdalena Emilia , Sawicki Sambor , Futyma Konrad , Wydra Dariusz Grzegorz
Published: April 2022

The aim of this paper was to analyze perioperative and long-term outcomes in 114 women undergoing surgery for POP-Q ≥ 2 apical prolapse: sacrospinous ligament colpo/hysteropexy (SSLF/SSHP)—61; laparoscopic pectopexy (LP)—53. Validated questionnaires (PGI-I, ISI, #35 EPIQ, PFIQ-7, PFDI-20) were completed at baseline and follow-up. POP-Q stages II, III and IV were diagnosed in 1 (0.9%), 84 (73.7%) and 29 (25.4%) patients, respectively. Mean operative time and hospital stay were 151.8 ± 36.2 min/2.6 ± 1.1 days for LP and 69 ± 20.4 min (p < 0.001)/2.7 ± 1.0 days for SSLF. Severe intraoperative complications occurred in two (1.8%) patients. Mean follow-up was 26.9 ± 12 and 37.3 ± 17.5 months for LP and SSLF, respectively. At follow-up, significant improvement for all POP-Q points was observed in both groups (p < 0.001). Shortening of total vaginal length was found in both groups, but predominantly in SSLF patients (p = 0.01). The sensation of vaginal bulge (EPIQ) was reduced, and total PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 scores improved (p < 0.04) in both groups. Subjective success was reported by 40 (75.5%) LP and 44 (72.1%) SSLF patients. ISI detected no deterioration in urinary incontinence. PGI-I, PFDI-20, #35 EPIQ, PFIQ-7 and ISI did not differ between the groups. In conclusion both, SSLF and LP for apical prolapse generate good anatomical and subjective outcomes, with protective effect on the anterior compartment observed for LP.
The Incidence of Myocarditis and Pericarditis in Post COVID-19 Unvaccinated Patients—A Large Population-Based Study
Authors: Tuvali Ortal , Tshori Sagi , Derazne Estela , Hannuna Rebecca Regina , Afek Arnon , Haberman Dan , Sella Gal , George Jacob
Published: April 2022

Myocarditis and pericarditis are potential post-acute cardiac sequelae of COVID-19 infection, arising from adaptive immune responses. We aimed to study the incidence of post-acute COVID-19 myocarditis and pericarditis. Retrospective cohort study of 196,992 adults after COVID-19 infection in Clalit Health Services members in Israel between March 2020 and January 2021. Inpatient myocarditis and pericarditis diagnoses were retrieved from day 10 after positive PCR. Follow-up was censored on 28 February 2021, with minimum observation of 18 days. The control cohort of 590,976 adults with at least one negative PCR and no positive PCR were age- and sex-matched. Since the Israeli vaccination program was initiated on 20 December 2020, the time-period matching of the control cohort was calculated backward from 15 December 2020. Nine post-COVID-19 patients developed myocarditis (0.0046%), and eleven patients were diagnosed with pericarditis (0.0056%). In the control cohort, 27 patients had myocarditis (0.0046%) and 52 had pericarditis (0.0088%). Age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.93 to 1.00) and male sex (aHR 4.42; 95% CI, 1.64 to 11.96) were associated with myocarditis. Male sex (aHR 1.93; 95% CI 1.09 to 3.41) and peripheral vascular disease (aHR 4.20; 95% CI 1.50 to 11.72) were associated with pericarditis. Post COVID-19 infection was not associated with either myocarditis (aHR 1.08; 95% CI 0.45 to 2.56) or pericarditis (aHR 0.53; 95% CI 0.25 to 1.13). We did not observe an increased incidence of neither pericarditis nor myocarditis in adult patients recovering from COVID-19 infection.
The Impact of Exosomes/Microvesicles Derived from Myeloid Dendritic Cells Cultured in the Presence of Calcitriol and Tacalcitol on Acute B-Cell Precursor Cell Lines with MLL Fusion Gene
Authors: Turlej Eliza , Goszczyński Tomasz Marek , Drab Marek , Orzechowska Beata , Maciejewska Magdalena , Banach Joanna , Wietrzyk Joanna
Published: April 2022

Vitamin D analogs (VDAs) may directly inhibit the growth of normal and malignant (derived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)) B cells, as both types of cells express vitamin D receptor (VDR). We performed anti-proliferative, morphology tests and phenotyping to evaluate the sensitivity of monocytes and iDCs (immature myeloid-derived dendritic cells) on calcitriol and tacalcitol treatment, phenotyping, morphology, and size distribution measurement to determine the characteristics of microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (EXs) derived from them and, finally, phenotyping and Elisa test to determine the effects of VDAs on modulation of the phenotype of B cells through extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by iDCs. Our results confirmed that both SC cells and iDCs were sensitive to the VDAs and showed altered surface expression of markers associated with monocyte differentiation, which was resulting in the phenotypic changes in EVs derived from them. We also showed that obtained EVs could change the morphology and phenotype of ALL-B-derived precursor cells in a different way, depending on their origin. The differential effect of VDAs on ALL-B cells, which was associated with increased or decreased expression of CD27, CD24, CD38, and CD23 expression, was observed. Hence, further studies to explain the modulation in the composition of EVs by VDAs are required.
Ezrin Regulates the Cell Surface Localization of PD-L1 in HEC-151 Cells
Authors: Tanaka Chihiro , Kobori Takuro , Okada Rie , Doukuni Rina , Tameishi Mayuka , Urashima Yoko , Ito Takuya , Takagaki Nobumasa , Obata Tokio
Published: April 2022

Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint molecule widely expressed on the surface of cancer cells and is an attractive immunotherapeutic target for numerous cancer cell types. However, patients with endometrial cancer derive little clinical benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy because of their poor response rate. Despite the increasingly important function of PD-L1 in tumor immunology, the mechanism of PD-L1 localization on endometrial cancer cell surfaces is largely unknown. We demonstrated the contribution of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) family, which consists of scaffold proteins that control the cell surface localization of several transmembrane proteins to the localization of PD-L1 on the cell surface of HEC-151, a human uterine endometrial cancer cell line. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoprecipitation analysis revealed the colocalization of all the ERM with PD-L1 on the cell surface, as well as their protein–protein interactions. The RNA-interference-mediated knockdown of ezrin, but not radixin and moesin, significantly reduced the cell surface expression of PD-L1, as measured by flow cytometry, with little impact on the PD-L1 mRNA expression. In conclusion, among the three ERM proteins present in HEC-151 cells, ezrin may execute the scaffold function for PD-L1 and may be mainly responsible for the cell surface localization of PD-L1, presumably via the post-translational modification process.
Adverse Drug Reactions and Potentially Inappropriate Medication in Older Patients: Analysis of the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance Database
Authors: Gomes Daniel , Herdeiro Maria Teresa , Ribeiro-Vaz Inês , Ferreira Pedro Lopes , Roque Fátima
Published: April 2022

Criteria have been developed to identify potentially inappropriate medications that can enhance adverse reactions, highly prevalent in older patient’s therapy. This study aimed to identify potentially inappropriate medications within the adverse drug reactions reported in the Portuguese pharmacovigilance system, characterizing the reports where inappropriate medications were identified. INFARMED, I.P. provided all adverse drug reactions reported from January to December 2019 in 65-year-old and older patients. Adverse drug reactions were characterized according to the System Organs Classes, seriousness, and medications with the Anatomical Therapeutical Classification. Potentially inappropriate medications were identified by applying the EU-(7)-PIM and the Beers criteria. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. From the 2337 reports considered for the analysis, PIMs were found in 12.8% of these, and 64.7% of all adverse reaction reports were classified as serious. Within the group of reports including at least one PIM, 71.4% were classified as serious, with hospitalization the most common criteria (35.1%). From the 3170 suspected medicines identified, 10.6% were classified as PIMs. Amiodarone was the most frequent PIM identified in the study (10.1%). Reports including at least one PIM were more associated with a higher number of ADRs (p = 0.025) reported in the same record, higher number of suspected medicines identified (p < 0.001), seriousness (p = 0.005), and hospitalization (p < 0.001). Potentially inappropriate medications are important enhancers of serious adverse drug reactions, increasing the likelihood of hospitalizations. This reinforces the importance of improving medication appropriateness in the older population.
Characterization of Microfragmented Adipose Tissue Architecture, Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Content and Release of Paracrine Mediators
Authors: Ragni Enrico , Viganò Marco , Torretta Enrica , Perucca Orfei Carlotta , Colombini Alessandra , Tremolada Carlo , Gelfi Cecilia , de Girolamo Laura
Published: April 2022

The use of microfragmented adipose tissue (µFAT) for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, especially osteoarthritis (OA), is gaining popularity, following positive results reported in recent case series and clinical trials. Although these outcomes were postulated to rely on paracrine signals, to date, a thorough fingerprint of released molecules is largely missing. The purpose of this study was to first characterize both structure and cell content of unprocessed lipoaspirate (LA) and µFAT, and further identify and frame the array of signaling factors in the context of OA disease, by means of high throughput qRT-PCR for extracellular-vesicle (EV) embedded miRNAs and proteomics for tissue and secreted factors. Cell count showed reduction of blood cells in µFAT, confirmed by histological and flow cytometry analyses, that also showed a conserved presence of structural, endothelial and stromal components and pericytes. In the secretome, 376 and 381 EV-miRNAs in LA and µFAT, respectively, were identified. In particular, most abundant and µFAT upregulated EV-miRNAs were mainly recapitulating those already reported as ASC-EVs-specific, with crucial roles in cartilage protection and M2 macrophage polarization, while only a scarce presence of those related to blood cells emerged. Furthermore, secretome proteomic analysis revealed reduction in µFAT of acute phase factors driving OA progression. Taken together, these results suggest that processing of LA into µFAT allows for removal of blood elements and maintenance of tissue structure and stromal cell populations, and possibly the increase of OA-protective molecular features. Thus, microfragmentation represents a safe and efficient method for the application of adipose tissue properties in the frame of musculoskeletal disorders.
Activity-Oriented Antiedema Proprioceptive Therapy (TAPA) for Shoulder Mobility Improvement in Women with Upper Limb Lymphedema Secondary to Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Muñoz-Alcaraz María Nieves , Jiménez-Vílchez Antonio José , Santamaría-Peláez Mirian , Pérula-de Torres Luis A. , Olmo-Carmona María Victoria , Muñoz-García María Teresa , Jorge-Gutiérrez Presentación , Serrano-Merino Jesús , Romero-Rodríguez Esperanza , Rodríguez-Elena Lorena , Refusta-Ainaga Raquel , Lahoz-Sánchez María Pilar , Miró-Palacios Belén , Medrano-Cid Mayra , Magallón-Botaya Rosa , Mínguez-Mínguez Luis A. , González-Santos Josefa , González-Bernal Jerónimo J.
Published: April 2022

Background: Lymphedema, secondary to breast cancer (BCRL), is the abnormal accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the interstitium caused by a malfunction of the lymphatic system. It causes swelling, deficiencies in upper limb functions and structures, sensory pain and emotional alterations, which have a chronic course and affect the upper limb’s functionality. This study aims to verify the efficacy and efficiency in the upper limb´s functionality of a protocolized experimental approach based on occupational therapy, TAPA (activity-oriented proprioceptive antiedema therapy), in the rehabilitation of BCRL in stages I and II, comparing it with the conservative treatment considered as the standard, complex decongestive therapy (CDT), through a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Methods: a randomized and prospective clinical trial was conducted with experimental and control groups. Women diagnosed with BCRL belonging to institutions in Córdoba and Aragon (Spain) participated. Sociodemographic variables and those related to the functionality of the affected upper limb were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in the analysis of covariance performed for the variable joint balance of the shoulder´s external rotation (p = 0.045) that could be attributed to the intervention performed; however, the effect size was minimal (η2 ≤ 0.080). In the rest of the variables, no significant differences were found. Conclusions: TAPA may be an alternative to the conservative treatment of women with BCRL. It was shown to be just as effective for volume reduction and activity performance as CDT but more effective in improving external rotation in shoulder joint balance.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) Is a Promising Predictor of Mortality and Admission to Intensive Care Unit of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Regolo Matteo , Vaccaro Mauro , Sorce Alessandra , Stancanelli Benedetta , Colaci Michele , Natoli Giuseppe , Russo Mario , Alessandria Innocenza , Motta Massimo , Santangelo Nicola , Fiorito Letizia , Giarrusso Ornella , Giangreco Federica , Arena Andrea , Noto Paola , Ciampi Claudio , Carpinteri Giuseppe , Malatino Lorenzo
Published: April 2022

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inflammatory marker predicting the prognosis of several diseases. We aimed to assess its role as a predictor of mortality or admission to the intensive care unit in COVID-19 patients. We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 411 patients with COVID-19 infection. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) of patients with COVID-19 were compared. The median age of our sample was 72 years (interquartile range: 70–75); 237 were males. Hypertension, diabetes and ischemic heart disease were the most common comorbidities. The study population was subdivided into three groups according to NLR tertiles. Third-tertile patients were older, showing significantly higher levels of inflammatory markers; 133 patients (32%) died during hospitalization, 81 of whom belonged to the third tertile; 79 patients (19%) were admitted to ICU. NLR showed the largest area under the curve (0.772), with the highest specificity (71.9%) and sensitivity (72.9%), whereas CRP showed lower sensitivity (60.2%) but slightly higher specificity (72.3%). Comparisons between NLR and CRP ROC curves were significantly different (p = 0.0173). Cox regression models showed that the association between NLR and death was not weakened after adjustment for confounders. Comparisons of ROC curves showed no significant differences between NLR, PLR, and CRP. Cox regression analysis showed that NLR predicted the risk of admission to ICU independently of demographic characteristics and comorbidities (HR: 3.9597, p < 0.0001). These findings provide evidence that NLR is an independent predictor of mortality and a worse outcome in COVID-19 patients and may help identify high-risk individuals with COVID-19 infection at admission.
Comparison of Efficacy of 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate–Alcohol and 10% Povidone-Iodine–Alcohol against Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections and Bacterial Colonization at Central Venous Catheter Insertion Sites: A Prospective, Single-Center, Open-Label, Crossover Study
Authors: Lin Ming-Ru , Chang Po-Jui , Hsu Ping-Chih , Lin Chun-Sui , Chiu Cheng-Hsun , Chen Chih-Jung
Published: April 2022

An effective antiseptic agent is an essential component of a central venous catheter (CVC) care bundle, to protect against catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). We conducted a trial to compare the incidences of CRBSI and the growth of insertion site flora in patients with CVC using 2% chlorhexidine gluconate–alcohol (CHG) or 10% povidone-iodine–alcohol (PVI) in the CVC care bundle. Patients who were admitted to two medical intensive care units (ICUs) and had CVC placement for >48 h were enrolled. Using a two-way crossover design with two six-month interventions, the ICUs were assigned to use either CHG or PVI in their care bundles. A total of 446 catheters in 390 subjects were enrolled in the study. The detection rate of flora was greater in the PVI group on both day 7 (26.6% versus 6.3%, p < 0.001) and day 14 (43.2% versus 15.8%, p < 0.001). The incidence rate of CRBSI was higher in the PVI group compared to the CHG group (2.15 vs. 0 events per 1000-catheter-days, p = 0.001), although the significance was lost in the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, 2% CHG was superior to 10% PVI in the CVC care bundle in terms of the inhibition of skin flora growth at CVC insertion sites and was potentially associated with lower incidence rates of CRBSI.
Inulin, Choline and Silymarin in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation—Randomized Case-Control Study
Authors: Bărboi Oana-Bogdana , Chirilă Ioan , Ciortescu Irina , Anton Carmen , Drug Vasile-Liviu
Published: April 2022

(1) Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease, with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms involved. A single treatment for all the patients with IBS is not possible. Prebiotics may have a beneficial effect on IBS patients with constipation. (2) Methods: A randomized cross-over case-control study was conducted, including patients with IBS and constipation (IBS-C), who were randomized into two groups receiving a specific constipation diet with or without a food supplement containing inulin, choline and silymarin (Stoptoxin®, Fiterman Pharma, Iasi, Romania). Patients were evaluated at baseline, after four and eight weeks, using a questionnaire to assess IBS symptoms. (3) Results: 51 IBS-C patients were included, of which 47 patients finished the trial (33 women, mean age 52.82 years). Adding Stoptoxin® to a diet for constipation brought extra benefits. Abdominal pain severity improved by 68.3% after the diet and Stoptoxin® (p = 0.004) and abdominal bloating severity parameter improved by 34.8% (p = 0.040). The stool number per week and the stool consistency according to the Bristol scale were improved, but without statistical significance between groups (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The combination of inulin, choline and silymarin associated with a specific-constipation diet had obvious clinical beneficial effects on IBS-C patients in terms of bowel movement, abdominal pain and bloating.
Reliability of OMERACT Scoring System in Ultra-High Frequency Ultrasonography of Minor Salivary Glands: Inter-Rater Agreement Study
Authors: Izzetti Rossana , Fulvio Giovanni , Nisi Marco , Gennai Stefano , Graziani Filippo
Published: April 2022

Minor salivary gland ultra-high frequency ultrasonography (UHFUS) has recently been introduced for the evaluation of patients with suspected primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS). At present, ultrasonographic assessment of major salivary glands is performed using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) scoring system. Previous reports have explored the possibility of applying the OMERACT scoring system to minor salivary glands UHFUS, with promising results. The aim of this study was to test the inter-reader concordance in the assignment of the OMERACT score to minor salivary gland UHFUS. The study was conducted on 170 minor salivary glands UHFUS scans of patients with suspected pSS. Three independent readers performed UHFUS image evaluation. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was employed to assess inter-reader reliability. Bland and Altman analysis was employed to test the agreement with a gold standard examiner. ICC values > 0.9 were found for scores 0 and 1, while score 2 and score 3 presented ICCs of 0.873 and 0.785, respectively. The measurements performed by the three examiners were in agreement with the gold standard examiner. According to these results, UHFUS interpretation showed good inter-observer reliability, suggesting that OMERACT score can be effectively used for the evaluation of glandular alterations, even for minor salivary glands.
Selecting for Learning Potential: Is Implicit Learning the New Cognitive Ability?
Authors: Montuori Luke M. , Montefiori Lara
Published: April 2022

For decades, the field of workplace selection has been dominated by evidence that cognitive ability is the most important factor in predicting performance. Meta-analyses detailing the contributions of a wide-range of factors to workplace performance show that cognitive ability’s contribution is partly mediated by the learning of task-relevant skills and job-specific declarative knowledge. Further, there is evidence to suggest that this relationship is a function of task complexity, and partially mediated by learning performance in workplace induction and training activities. Simultaneously, evidence is mounting that stable individual differences in implicit learning exist, which are at least partially independent of traditional measures of intelligence. In this article we provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of implicit learning, outline some of the advantages offered by its measurement, and highlight some of the challenges associated with its adoption as a measure of interest.
Experimental Investigation of Wave-Induced Forces on a Large Quasi-Elliptical Cylinder during Extreme Events
Authors: Yang Zhiying , Ding Hao , Li Ke , Cheng Liang , Huang Bo , Ren Qingyang
Published: April 2022

Large quasi-elliptical cylinders are extensively used in ocean engineering. To enhance a better understanding of the hydrodynamic wave force on such quasi-elliptical cylinders during extreme events, a series of experiments on extreme wave interaction with a quasi-elliptical cylinder were conducted. A series of waves with various wave heights, wave periods, and wave incident directions were tested to investigate the wave parameter effect and wave directionality effect on the wave forces on the quasi-elliptical structure. The experimental results indicate that the extreme wave-induced forces on the quasi-elliptical cylinder are strongly correlated to the wave period and wave incident direction. The peak forces on the quasi-elliptical model do not vary monotonically with the increasing wave period but show an increase followed by a decrease. Both the longitudinal and transversal forces are significantly increased when the wave incident direction changes from 0° to 45° and the wave directionality effect is enhanced when the wave period is decreased. Additionally, the inertial force equation was applied to the wave force estimation for such quasi-elliptical cylinders, and the inertia coefficient CM was fitted based on the experimental results of α = 0°.
Long-Term Benefits of Coastline Ecological Restoration in China
Authors: Zhang Yaowen , Lin Haoli , Ye Guanqiong
Published: April 2022

Coastline ecological restoration is a critical approach for improving the coastal ecological environment and natural disaster mitigation capacity. Zhejiang Province, with the longest coastline in China, has carried out a three-year action of coastline remediation and restoration, expecting to complete the 300-km coastline restoration by 2020 as part of China’s coastline restoration project. We developed a cost–benefit framework synthesizing the ecosystem services (ES) analysis pattern and input-output approach to evaluate Zhejiang’s coastline ecological restoration projects. The results showed that the average value of ecosystem services (VES) of coastline restoration in Zhejiang was approximately 11,829 yuan/m, which was lower than the average VES of natural coastline. Obviously, damaged natural coastline could cause VES degradation, which cannot make up for the loss in a short time. In an optimistic scenario, coastline ecological restoration projects would deliver enormous well-being to Zhejiang and even China. Our results suggested that making decisions should be based on the net value after accounting for costs (NES), because ignoring costs might mislead planners to overstate the perceived benefits. The study provided a realistic data basis and method for coastline restoration projects in terms of the design, implementation and effectiveness evaluation to achieve sustainable development.
Integrated Dynamics Response Analysis for IEA 10-MW Spar Floating Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Guo Xiaojiang , Zhang Yu , Yan Jiatao , Zhou Yiming , Yan Shu , Shi Wei , Li Xin
Published: April 2022

Wind energy in the deep-sea area is more abundant and the capacity of wind turbines can be made larger. Therefore, the research on deep-sea floating offshore wind turbines will be the primary strategy for wind energy exploitation in the future. The spar-type platform depends on the characteristics of a small water plane, deep draft, and good stability, which has been applied to the commercial development of deep-sea wind energy. In the next ten years, the 10-MW wind turbine will become the mainstream class installed in the floating offshore wind turbine farm. Thus, it is very necessary to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth study on the 10-MW spar type floating offshore wind turbine. The direct-drive 10-MW offshore wind turbine was proposed by the International Energy Agency (IEA) in Wind Task 37 in 2019. In this paper, a spar-type platform is designed to support the IEA 10-MW reference wind turbines, and a nonlinear aero-hydro-servo-elastic numerical model is established using the FAST tool (which is developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL). Then, the accuracy of the wind turbine and the sensitivity of the controller are verified, and the natural periods of the floating offshore wind turbine are obtained by free-decay tests. The natural periods of the platform in six degrees-of-freedom are found to be within the range recommended by the design standard. The measured wind and wave data of the target site close to Fujian Province of China are used to evaluate the performance of the floating offshore wind turbine under the 100-, 50-, 5-, and 2-year-return stochastic weather conditions. The results indicate that the design of the spar platform is reasonable and has excellent hydrodynamic performance.
On the Response of Zhejiang Coastal Waters to 12 Typhoons from 2011 to 2015
Authors: Pan Yunhe , Cao Anzhou , Wu Yuqian , Lu Shiming , Fan Luteng , Li Peiliang
Published: April 2022

Based on the hybrid coordinate ocean model (HYCOM) reanalysis data, the dynamical and thermal response of Zhejiang coastal waters to 12 typhoons from 2011 to 2015 was studied, and the relationship between the oceanic response and typhoon characteristics was analyzed. The HYCOM reanalysis data were validated by satellite-observed sea surface temperature data. Results show that all the 12 typhoons caused near-inertial waves, sea surface cooling and seafloor warming, but significant differences existed among them. Based on statistics, it was found that the domain-averaged near-inertial kinetic energy and seafloor warming are significantly correlated with the typhoon’s maximum wind speed, both of which show a positive relationship. The domain-averaged seafloor warming also decreases with the typhoon’s translation speed. Moreover, there exists a positive correlation between the domain-averaged sea surface cooling and seafloor warming. The different mechanisms that caused the seafloor warming for the 12 typhoons were also investigated in this study.
Effects of the Parameter C4ε in the Extended k-ε Turbulence Model for Wind Farm Wake Simulation Using an Actuator Disc
Authors: Li Ning , Li Li , Liu Yongqian , Wu Yulu , Meng Hang , Yan Jie , Han Shuang
Published: April 2022

The actuator disc model (ADM) incorporated into the k-ε turbulence model of EI Kasmi is able to simulate the wind farm wakes with high fidelity, which is essential for layout optimization and the evaluation of power production in modern wind farms. However, the effects of the parameter C4ε in the k-ε model of EI Kasmi on turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in the superposition areas and the recovery of wind farm wake velocity have rarely been studied. To this end, the k-ε model of EI Kasmi is coupled with the advanced ADM in PHOENICS to investigate the influence of the parameter C4ε on the wake simulation of wind farms (e.g., two offshore wind farms, one onshore wind farm). It is concluded that a decreased parameter C4ε makes the generation range of TKE in the vicinity of the rotor smaller, but the TKE near the rotor becomes larger, and the wake recovery rate of the downstream turbine is less affected by the near wake. As the interwind turbine spacing increases, the influence area of TKE in the wake region of each downstream machine gradually reduces, and atmospheric turbulence plays a dominant role in wake recovery. A decreased parameter C4ε can effectively promote the inflow wind velocity and power output of downstream turbines. The power output simulated compares well with the measured power value when the parameter C4ε = 0.15.
Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Asymmetry of Flow Velocity on the Wake Vortex of Hydrofoils
Authors: Xia Xiang , Ge Liangcheng , Zhou Lingjiu , Feng Yingyao , Zeng Haiyan , Wang Zhengwei
Published: April 2022

The Karman vortex street is a common flow phenomenon. In hydraulic machinery, it is usually located downstream of the guide vanes and the runner blades, which reduces hydraulic performance and may also cause fatigue damage to the structure. The latest research suggested that the difference in velocity gradient on each side of the blade trailing edge may have a significant impact on the strength of the wake vortex. The current work aims to verify the above conclusion and further explore the influence of asymmetry of flow velocity on the wake vortex. A numerical model with the velocity ratio, α, between the two sides of the hydrofoil as the only variable was designed, and the wake characteristics were solved by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method based on the finite volume. The unsteady Reynolds-average Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations were numerically solved by coupling with a transitional shear-stress transport (SST) turbulence model. The results showed that with the increase of α, the vortex shedding frequency decreased first, and then increased after reaching the critical velocity ratio αc1 ≈ 1.4. The vortex intensity first gradually decreased, and the vortex street suddenly disappeared after reaching the critical velocity ratio αc2 ≈ 2.2. The value of αc1 was affected by the thickness of the trailing edge, and αc2 was affected by the thickness and the Reynolds number. Besides, the asymmetry of the flow velocity also affected the effectiveness of the trailing-edge trimming. This research can provide references for the design of hydraulic machinery and other submerged structures.
An NMR-Based Metabolomics Assessment of the Effect of Combinations of Natural Feed Items on Juvenile Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus
Authors: Casu Fabio , Klett David , Yost Justin , Denson Michael R. , Watson Aaron M.
Published: April 2022

This study evaluated the effects of seven diets composed of natural feed components (chopped fish, shrimp, and squid) alone or in combination on the liver metabolite profile of juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) cultured in a 24-tank recirculating aquaculture system over the course of 12 weeks using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. Experimental diets included fish (F), shrimp (SH), squid (SQ), fish and shrimp (FSH), fish and squid (FSQ), shrimp and squid (SHSQ), fish, shrimp, and squid (FSHSQ). A commercial fishmeal-based pelleted diet was used as a control. Fish were fed isocalorically. Red drum liver samples were collected at five different time points: T0, before the start of the trial (n = 12), and subsequently every 3 weeks over the course of 12 weeks (T3, T6, T9, T12), with n = 9 fish/diet/time point. Polar liver extracts were analyzed by NMR-based metabolomics. Multivariate statistical analyses (PCA, PLS-DA) revealed that red drum fed the F diet had a distinct liver metabolite profile from fish fed the other diets, with those fed SH, SQ and the combination diets displaying greater similarities in their metabolome. Results show that 19 metabolites changed significantly among the different dietary treatments, including amino acids and amino acid derivatives, quaternary amines and methylamines, carbohydrates and phospholipids. Specifically, γ-butyrobetaine, N-formimino-L-glutamate (FIGLU), sarcosine and beta-alanine were among the most discriminating metabolites. Significant correlations were found between metabolites and six growth performance parameters (final body weight, total length, condition factor, liver weight, hepatosomatic index, and eviscerated weight). Metabolites identified in this study constitute potential candidates for supplementation in fish feeds for aquaculture and optimization of existing formulations. Additionally, we identified a quaternary amine, γ-butyrobetaine as a potential biomarker of shrimp consumption in red drum. These results warrant further investigation and biomarker validation and have the potential for broader applicability outside of the aquaculture field in future investigations in wild red drum populations and potentially other carnivorous marine fishes.
Effects of the NaCl Concentration and Montmorillonite Content on Formation Kinetics of Methane Hydrate
Authors: Zeng Haopeng , Zhang Yu , Zhang Lei , Chen Zhaoyang , Li Xiaosen
Published: April 2022

Most resources of natural gas hydrate (NGH) exist in marine sediments where salts and sea mud are involved. It is of great importance to investigate the effects of salts and sea mud on NGH formation kinetics. In this study, the mixture of silica sand and montmorillonite was used to mimic sea mud. The effects of the NaCl concentration of pore water and montmorillonite content on methane hydrate formation were studied. A low NaCl concentration of 0.2 mol/L and a low montmorillonite content range of 10–25 wt% is beneficial to reduce the induction time of hydrate formation. The high NaCl concentration and high content of montmorillonite will significantly increase the induction time. The average induction time for the experiments with the NaCl concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.6, and 1.2 mol/L is 20.99, 8.11, 15.74, and 30.88 h, respectively. In the pure silica sand, the NaCl concentration of 0.2 mol/L can improve the final water conversion. In the experiments with pure water, the water conversion increases with the increase of the montmorillonite content due to the improvement of the dispersion of montmorillonite to water. The water conversion of the experiments in pure water with the montmorillonite contents of 0, 10, 25 and 40 wt% is 12.14% (±1.06%), 24.68% (±1.49%), 29.59% (±2.30%), and 32.57% (±1.64%), respectively. In the case of both montmorillonite and NaCl existing, there is a complicated change in the water conversion. In general, the increase of the NaCl concentration enhances the inhibition of hydrate formation and reduces the final water conversion, which is the key factor affecting the final water conversion. The average water conversion of the experiments under the NaCl concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.6 and 1.2 mol/L is 24.74, 15.14, 8.85, and 5.74%, respectively.
Geographic Differentiation of Morphological Characteristics in the Brown Seaweed Sargassum thunbergii along the Korean Coast: A Response to Local Environmental Conditions
Authors: Kim Sangil , Choi Sun Kyeong , Van Seohyeon , Kim Seong Taek , Kang Yun Hee , Park Sang Rul
Published: April 2022

Intraspecific variation in morphology is widespread among seaweed species in different habitats. We examined the morphological variation in Sargassum thunbergii involving diverse environmental factors. We quantified 16 morphological characteristics on 15 rocky intertidal shores in Korea. A cluster analysis based on morphology identified three groups. Group M1 comprised populations on the northern part of the east coast, where the thalli was short and thick, with large leaf and air-vesicle. Group M3 consisted of populations on the west coast exclusively separated from other populations, with short, slender and sparsely branched thalli. Group M2 comprised populations on the southern part of the east coast and on the south coast (including Jeju Island), with longest thalli and lateral branches. Principal coordinate analyses showed that group M1 and M3 were mostly influenced by strong wave action and large tidal amplitudes, respectively. Group M2 were under the influence of warm temperatures and high irradiance. Biota-environment matching analysis showed that the morphology is affected by combinations of different local environmental factors and also that tidal condition is important as a single variable, suggesting that morphology of S. thunbergii reflects and adapts to local environmental conditions.
FFGA1 Protein Is Essential for Regulating Vegetative Growth, Cell Wall Integrity, and Protection against Stress in Flammunina filiformis
Authors: Du Muyun , Xie Yongbo , Wang Meng , Yang Huan , Hu Banghui , Mukhtar Irum , Liu Yuanyuan , Tao Yongxin , Liu Fang , Xie Baogui
Published: April 2022

Flammulina filiformis is a popular mushroom which has been regarded as a potential model fungus for mycelium growth, fruiting body development, and stress response studies. Based on a genome-wide search, four genes encoding heterotrimeric G protein α subunits were identified in F. filiformis. The data of conserved domain analysis showed that these genes contain only one subgroup I of Gα subunit (Gαi), similar to many other fungi. To explore the function of Gαi, FfGa1 over-expression (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi) strains were generated using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) approach. RNAi transformant strains showed remarkably reduced growth on PDA medium and added sensitivity to cell wall-enforcing agents with maximum growth inhibition, but showed better growth in response to hypertonic stress-causing agents, while OE strains exhibited more resistance to thermal stress and mycoparasite Trichoderma as compared to the wild-type and RNAi strains. Taken together, our results indicated that FfGa1 positively regulates hyphal extension, and is crucial for the maintenance of cell wall integrity and protection against biotic and abiotic (hypertonic and thermal) stress.
Biocontrol Activity of Trichoderma Species Isolated from Grapevines in British Columbia against Botryosphaeria Dieback Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Pollard-Flamand Jinxz , Boulé Julie , Hart Miranda , Úrbez-Torres José Ramón
Published: April 2022

Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) is a grapevine trunk disease (GTD) causing significant yield losses and limiting the lifespan of vineyards worldwide. Fungi responsible for BD infect grapevines primarily through pruning wounds, and thus pruning wound protection, using either synthetic chemicals or biological control agents (BCAs), is the main available management strategy. However, no products to control GTDs are currently registered in Canada. With a focus on more sustainable grapevine production, there is an increasing demand for alternatives to chemical products to manage GTDs. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify Trichoderma species from grapevines in British Columbia (BC) and evaluate their potential biocontrol activity against BD fungi Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum. Phylogenetic analyses identified seven species, including T. asperelloides, T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. tomentosum, and two novel species, T. canadense and T. viticola. In vitro dual culture antagonistic assays showed several isolates to inhibit fungal pathogen mycelial growth by up to 75%. In planta detached cane assays under controlled greenhouse conditions identified T. asperelloides, T. atroviride and T. canadense isolates from BC as providing 70% to 100% pruning wound protection against BD fungi for up to 21 days after treatment. In addition, these isolates were shown to provide similar or better control when compared against commercial chemical and biocontrol products. This study demonstrates the potential that locally sourced Trichoderma species can have for pruning wound protection against BD fungi, and further supports the evaluation of these isolates under natural field conditions.
Invasive Respiratory Fungal Infections in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Raffaelli Francesca , Tanzarella Eloisa Sofia , De Pascale Gennaro , Tumbarello Mario
Published: April 2022

Patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) often develop respiratory fungal infections. The most frequent diseases are the COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), COVID-19 associated pulmonary mucormycosis (CAPM) and the Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), the latter mostly found in patients with both COVID-19 and underlying HIV infection. Furthermore, co-infections due to less common mold pathogens have been also described. Respiratory fungal infections in critically ill patients are promoted by multiple risk factors, including epithelial damage caused by COVID-19 infection, mechanical ventilation and immunosuppression, mainly induced by corticosteroids and immunomodulators. In COVID-19 patients, a correct discrimination between fungal colonization and infection is challenging, further hampered by sampling difficulties and by the low reliability of diagnostic approaches, frequently needing an integration of clinical, radiological and microbiological features. Several antifungal drugs are currently available, but the development of new molecules with reduced toxicity, less drug-interactions and potentially active on difficult to treat strains, is highly warranted. Finally, the role of prophylaxis in certain COVID-19 populations is still controversial and must be further investigated.
The Feasibility of Ultra-Sensitive Phonocardiography in Acute Chest Pain Patients of a Tertiary Care Emergency Department (ScorED Feasibility Study)
Authors: Schnaubelt Sebastian , Eibensteiner Felix , Oppenauer Julia , Kornfehl Andrea , Brock Roman , Poschenreithner Laura , Du Na , Baldi Enrico , Schlager Oliver , Niessner Alexander , Domanovits Hans , Roth Dominik , Sulzgruber Patrick
Published: April 2022

Background: Thoracic pain is one of the most frequent chief complaints at emergency departments (EDs). However, a respective workup in cases without clear electrocardiographic signs is complex. In addition, after having ruled out acute coronary syndrome (ACS), patients are often left with an unclear etiology of their symptoms. Ultra-sensitive phonocardiography is already used to rule out stable coronary artery disease (CAD); however, its feasibility in an ED-setting remains unknown. Methods: We prospectively used ultra-sensitive phonocardiography via the CADScor®System to measure hemodynamically stable patients with the chief complaint of chest pain during routine waiting times at a high-volume tertiary ED. Results: A total of 101 patients (49% male; 94% Caucasian; 61 (51–71) years; BMI 28.3 (24.2–31.6)) were enrolled. Patient workflow was not hindered, and no adverse events were recorded. In 80% of cases, a score was successfully calculated, with 74% at the first, 5% at the second, and 1% at the third attempt. Feasibility was judged as 9.0 (±1.8) by the patients, and 8.9 (±2.6) by the investigators on a 10-point Likert scale. Conclusions: Ultra-sensitive phonocardiography was found to be feasible in acute chest pain patients presenting to a tertiary ED. Thus, the CAD score measured during routine waiting times could potentially serve as an additional tool in a diagnostic pathway for thoracic pain.