bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neoliberalism's Imagined Futures: Sustainability as Colonialism in Eco‐City Design
Authors: Tvorun‐Dunn Maxim
Published: December 2024

This article examines the architectural tropes used in designs which are concurrently branded as sustainable and futuristic, offering a critique of techno‐solutionist architectures that have been promoted by the European Union, World Expos, and forward‐looking design pedagogy. Through an analysis of the designs of Belgian architect Vincent Callebaut, I observe that such “eco‐futurist” images symbolically communicate an association with sustainability through the visible use of “green” technologies and the adoption of highly contextual encounters with greenery, rhetorically prefaced on the ability of techno‐science to mediate human–nature relationships, and visually bound within the design tropes of luxury tourist destinations. By intertwining the aspirational futures of sustainable design with the aesthetic sensibilities of the wealthy, I argue that eco‐futurism primarily aligns itself with the interests of neoliberal property development and the spatial and social logics of colonialism.
A Nationwide Cross‐Sectional Survey of the Prevalence of and Association of Physical Activity With Suicidal, Psychosocial and Health‐Risk Indicators Among Adolescents in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Mohammad Jobair , Ali Mohammed Usman , Sayma  , Ganesan Balasankar , Abdullahi Auwal , Hasan S. M. Mahmudul , Khan Atiqur Rahman , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain , Winser Stanley John
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study investigated the associations between physical activity (PA) and suicidal behaviours, psychosocial outcomes and indicators of health risks.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of data from the Global School‐Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) database. A total of 2058 adolescents aged 11–17 years in Grades 7–10 completed a self‐administered questionnaire. Sex‐stratified logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between PA and suicidal behaviours, psychosocial outcomes and indicators of health risks. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to test whether PA‐related factors predicted suicidal, psychological and lifestyle‐related behaviours. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) examined the contributions of PA to these factors.

Findings

Half of the adolescents (18.9% boys and 30.3% girls) indicated satisfactory PA per the World Health Organization guidelines. The most active group in terms of frequency of activity and walking or bicycling to school was positively associated with suicidal behaviour. Isolated adolescents reported anxiety despite frequent PA. Reduced frequency of PA was significantly associated with sexual activity, smoking, tobacco product use (girls), alcohol abuse (boys) and other drug use (boys and girls). The LASSO revealed that different PA‐related factors predicted suicidal, psychological and lifestyle‐related behaviour among girls and boys. The GLMM showed a significant contribution of PA to selected predictors.

Conclusion

Increased PA may lower suicidal behaviour among adolescents. The most physically active groups were associated with predictors that varied by sex; boys were bullied, whereas girls experienced physical abuse.
Featured Cover
Authors: Yao Yao , Bin Xin , Xu Yanxuan , Chen Shaowan , Chen Si , Yuan Xiang‐Ling , Cao Yingjie , Ng Tsz Kin
Published: December 2024

The cover image is based on the article Cellular senescence mediates retinal ganglion cell survival regulation post‐optic nerve crush injury by Yao Yao et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.13719.

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Strengthening children's sibling relationships using an online preventive intervention program for parents
Authors: Kramer Laurie , Carroll Payton E. , Devarajan Reshika Sai
Published: December 2024

Objective

The purpose was to test a new evidence‐based online preventive intervention designed to help parents improve the sibling relationships of their 4‐ to 8‐year‐old children.

Background

Few evidence‐based resources exist to address parents' concerns about fostering positive sibling relationships. To address this need, the emotion‐focused online program placed parents in the role of educator, preparing them to teach their children social and emotional competencies shown in previous research to promote prosocial sibling interaction.

Method

Eighty‐six mothers provided assessments of children's sibling relationship quality, child and parent emotion regulation abilities, and coparenting quality prior to and following completion of four online lessons. A randomly assigned wait‐list control group of mothers (n = 49) provided comparable assessments.

Results

Repeated measures multivariate analyses of covariance revealed that, following program completion, participants perceived their children to demonstrate greater sibling warmth and less agonism and rivalry. Effects were sustained at 3 months. Mothers also reported increased abilities to regulate their own emotions as well as greater collaboration and support in their coparenting relationship.

Conclusion

Results support the effectiveness of the online More Fun with Sisters and Brothers Program for Parents for enabling mothers from diverse international communities to support positive sibling relationships.

Implications

Increasing access to evidence‐based tools for strengthening sibling relationships can enable parents to support these vital lifelong bonds.
A Hybrid Neural Network–Based Approach to Predict Crack Propagation Paths
Authors: Huang Zekai , Liu Qida , Liu Ran , Chang Dongdong , Yang Xiaofa , Zuo Hong , Dong Yingxuan
Published: December 2024

A data‐driven method based on a hybrid neural network (HNet) model is proposed to predict the crack propagation path. Using images as input enables the HNet model to predict crack propagation paths for different structures and defect types. To validate the effectiveness of this method, crack propagation paths on holed plates are investigated. The HNet model is trained to approximate the nonlinear relationship between the structural geometric parameters and the crack propagation paths. The feasibility of this method is verified by comparing the prediction results of the HNet model with the finite element calculation results. Furthermore, explainable artificial intelligence enhances the transparency of the HNet model, increasing its credibility. The challenge of data acquisition is effectively addressed by active learning, reducing the required training data volume. This method provides a fresh insight into the path prediction of crack growth problems.
Phosphorus Cycling as a Function of Soil Microbiome
Authors: Feng Youzhi , Chen Ruirui
Published: December 2024

Phosphorus (P), especially its availability, plays a pivotal role in the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. The recent article makes several key discoveries with substantial implications for understanding the global soil P cycling as a function of microbiome and ecological effects of human activities.
Biogeography of a Global Plant Invader: From the Evolutionary History to Future Distributions
Authors: Zhang Lei , van Riemsdijk Isolde , Liu Mu , Liao Zhiyong , Cavé‐Radet Armand , Bi Jingwen , Wang Shengyu , Zhao Yujie , Cao Peipei , Parepa Madalin , Bossdorf Oliver , Salmon Armel , Aïnouche Malika , Ju Rui‐Ting , Wu Jihua , Richards Christina L. , Li Bo
Published: December 2024

Biological invasions pose a global challenge, affecting ecosystems worldwide and human societies. Knowledge of the evolutionary history of invasive species is critical to understanding their current invasion success and projecting their future spread. However, to date, few studies have addressed the evolutionary history and potential future spread of invaders simultaneously. In this study, we explored both evolutionary history and spatiotemporal dynamic patterns of the distribution of Reynoutria japonica, known as one of the world's worst plant invaders. We analysed 265 R. japonica samples from its current geographical ranges across three continents, using seven chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers to establish the phylogenetic relationships among extant populations. We combined these with ecological niche modelling to infer historical and more recent migration patterns and predict potential future distribution changes under climate change. Our results indicate that climate fluctuations and sea level changes likely facilitated the expansion of R. japonica from southern Japan to continental East Asia in the Pliocene, followed by a contraction in East Asian populations. In the recent Holocene, human activities have then enabled a linage of this species to spread from Japan to Europe and North America, resulting in three major global clades. Future climate scenarios suggest a northward expansion of R. japonica in Europe and North America, but shrinking habitat in China. Our study, thus, demonstrates the complex influences of historical climate‐driven migrations, human activities and future climate changes on the global distribution of an invasive species.
PRISMA‐7 is a predictor of intensive care unit admission and mortality in older patients in an emergency department
Authors: Çelik Şimşek , Türkdoğan Onur , Erdoğan Tayfun , Çelik Pelin
Published: December 2024

Aim

To compare the performance of the Programme of Research on the Integration of Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy (PRISMA‐7), which is used to assess the frailty of older patients visiting emergency departments, with the quick Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) and Emergency Severity Index (ESI) in terms of 28‐day mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Methods

This study was prospective and observational. All patients above the age of 65 who were admitted to the Sivas Republic University Medical Faculty Hospital from March 1 to April 30 in the year 2024 were included in the study. Patients' all‐cause mortality values and ICU acceptance rates were evaluated for a 28‐day period following their applications.

Results

The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve stood for the 28‐day mortality, while the values for PRISMA‐7, ESI, and qSOFA were, respectively, 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–0.84), 0.78 (95% CI: 0.72–0.83), and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.65–0.77). Our findings have demonstrated PRISMA‐7 to be more effective than ESI and qSOFA in terms of hospitalization predictions. However, while it was found to be more effective than qSOFA in mortality predictions, it was determined that, despite PRISMA‐7 having a larger AUC than ESI, no meaningful difference existed between PRISMA‐7 and ESI.

Conclusions

In conclusion, PRISMA‐7, which is thought of as a reliable and valid tool for the determination of frailty in emergency departments, has predictive value for individuals' 28‐day mortality risk as well as for their acceptance to the ICU. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 61–66.
Higher bee species richness in conservation areas compared with non‐conservation areas in south‐west Germany
Authors: Frenzel Tobias , Bigalk Sonia , Gamba Raffaele , Görn Sebastian , Haas Michael , Haas‐Renninger Maura , Haselböck Andreas , Hörren Thomas , Sorg Martin , Sumser Hubert , Theves Florian , Wendt Ingo , Krogmann Lars
Published: December 2024

Insects are declining in both species richness and abundance. Conservation areas are expected to mitigate this diversity loss, as they typically sustain higher species richness across various insect taxa compared with non‐conservation areas. However, there is growing evidence that the rates of decline are similar in both area types. This indicates that the current implementation of protected areas is insufficient for preserving insect diversity. More robust data are needed to identify the primary factors causing this decline.

We here analyse bee species recorded by Malaise trapping from 3 years of a rotational survey at 32 sites in south‐west Germany. Sites within state conservation areas of Baden‐Württemberg had higher bee species richness than unprotected sites, as well as a higher conservation value that we calculated based on the threat status of Red List species. Further, there was no difference in flying insect biomass between conservation and non‐conservation sites based on records of 40 sites from 2018 to 2023.

We also considered environmental variables, including plant‐associated data derived from vegetation surveys, and the proportion of habitat types within a 500 m radius of the surrounding landscape. Substrate nitrogen levels were significantly higher at non‐conservation sites and negatively impacted bee species richness and site conservation value. Additionally, the richness of insect‐pollinated plant species influenced bee species richness.

The continuation of the programme will provide records of local trends in species richness and abundance of different taxa, and help identify factors related to species loss that affect conservation areas.
Association of Visceral Adipose Tissue With Hypertension: Results From the NHANES 2011–2018 and Mendelian Randomization Analyses
Authors: Liao Jia , Qiu Miaohan , Li Jing , Li Yi , Han Yaling
Published: December 2024

The causal relationship between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and hypertension remains unclear. We aimed to examine the potential association between them using observational and two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018 were used, applying multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between VAT mass and hypertension risk. Independent genetic variants related to VAT mass were derived from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) in 325 153 UK Biobank participants. The primary analysis employed the random‐effects inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method, with MR‐Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode as sensitivity analyses. A total of 7661 participants were included. After adjusting for confounding factors, increased VAT mass was associated with a higher risk of hypertension (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: OR:1.85, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.31–2.63). Furthermore, VAT mass exhibited greater accuracy than body mass index (BMI) in predicting hypertension (areas under the curve [AUC]: 0.701 vs. 0.676, p for comparison < 0.001). The MR analyses demonstrated a causal relationship between increased VAT mass and the risk of hypertension in primary analyses (odds ratio [OR]:1.768, 95% CI: 1.594–1.861). Consistent findings across various MR models substantiate the robustness and strength of this causal relationship. These analyses provide additional support for both the positive association and causal relationship between elevated VAT and the risk of developing hypertension, suggesting that targeted interventions for VAT may be beneficial in preventing hypertension.
Preferential clustering of microglia and astrocytes around neuritic plaques during progression of Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes
Authors: Tsering Wangchen , de la Rosa Ana , Ruan Isabelle Y. , Philips Jennifer L. , Bathe Tim , Villareal Jonathan A. , Prokop Stefan
Published: December 2024

Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathological cascade of Alzheimer's disease (AD) along with aggregation of extracellular amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular aggregates of tau protein. In animal models of amyloidosis, local immune activation is centered around Aβ plaques, which are usually of uniform morphology, dependent on the transgenic model used. In postmortem human brains a diversity of Aβ plaque morphologies is seen including diffuse plaques (non‐neuritic plaques, non‐NP), dense‐core plaques, cotton‐wool plaques, and NP. In a recent study, we demonstrated that during the progression of Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes (ADNC), a transformation of non‐NP into NP occurs which is tightly linked to the emergence of cortical, but not hippocampal neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology. This highlights the central role of NP in AD pathogenesis as well as brain region‐specific differences in NP formation. In order to correlate the transformation of plaque types with local immune activation, we quantified the clustering and phenotype of microglia and accumulation of astrocytes around non‐NP and NP during the progression of ADNC. We hypothesize that glial clustering occurs in response to formation of neuritic dystrophy around NP. First, we show that Iba1‐positive microglia preferentially cluster around NP. Utilizing microglia phenotypic markers, we furthermore demonstrate that CD68‐positive phagocytic microglia show a strong preference to cluster around NP in both the hippocampus and frontal cortex. A similar preferential clustering is observed for CD11c and ferritin‐positive microglia in the frontal cortex, while this preference is less pronounced in the hippocampus, highlighting differences between hippocampal and cortical Aβ plaques. Glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive astrocytes showed a clear preference for clustering around NP in both the frontal cortex and hippocampus. These data support the notion that NP are intimately associated with the neuroimmune response in AD and underscore the importance of the interplay of protein deposits and the immune system in the pathophysiology of AD.

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Pharmacological target sites for restoration of age‐associated deficits in NMDA receptor‐mediated norepinephrine release in brain
Authors: Aljohani Yousef , Payne William , Yasuda Robert P. , Olson Thao , Kellar Kenneth J. , Dezfuli Ghazaul
Published: December 2024

Aging affects virtually all organs of the body, but perhaps it has the most profound effects on the brain and its neurotransmitter systems, which influence a wide range of crucial functions, such as attention, focus, mood, neuroendocrine and autonomic functions, and sleep cycles. All of these essential functions, as well as fundamental cognitive processes such as memory, recall, and processing speed, utilize neuronal circuits that depend on neurotransmitter signaling between neurons. Glutamate (Glu), the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS, is involved in most neuronal excitatory functions, including release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE). Previous studies from our lab demonstrated that the age‐associated decline in Glu‐stimulated NE release in rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus mediated by NMDA glutamate receptors, as well as deficits in dendritic spines, and cognitive functions are fully rescued by the CNS stimulant amphetamine. Here we further investigated Glu‐stimulated NE release in the cerebral cortex to identify additional novel target sites for restoration of Glu‐stimulated NE release. We found that blockade of alpha‐2 adrenergic receptors fully restores Glu‐stimulated NE release to the levels of young controls. In addition, we investigated the density and responsiveness of NMDA receptors as a potential underlying neuronal mechanism that could account for the observed age‐associated decline in Glu‐stimulated NE release. In the basal state of the receptor (no added glutamate and glycine) the density of NMDA receptors in the cortex from young and aged rats was similar. However, in contrast, in the presence of 10 μM added glutamate, which opens the receptor channel and increases the number of available [3H]‐MK‐801 binding sites within the channel, the density of [3H]‐MK‐801 binding sites was significantly less in the cortex from aged rats.

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Dopamine transporter endocytic trafficking: Neuronal mechanisms and potential impact on DA‐dependent behaviors
Authors: Bolden Nicholas C. , Pavchinskiy Rebecca G. , Melikian Haley E.
Published: December 2024

The dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) is a major determinant of DAergic neurotransmission, and is a primary target for addictive and therapeutic psychostimulants. Evidence accumulated over decades in cell lines and in vitro preparations revealed that DAT function is acutely regulated by membrane trafficking. Many of these findings have recently been validated in vivo and in situ, and several behavioral and physiological findings raise the possibility that regulated DAT trafficking may impact DA signaling and DA‐dependent behaviors. Here we review key DAT trafficking findings across multiple systems, and discuss the cellular mechanisms that mediate DAT trafficking, as well as the endogenous receptors and signaling pathways that drive regulated DAT trafficking. We additionally discuss recent findings that DAT trafficking dysfunction correlates to perturbations in DA signaling and DA‐dependent behaviors.

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Validation of the Korean version of inflammatory Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale in patients with inflammatory neuropathy
Authors: Ju Woohee , Min Young Gi , Kim Jong Su , Choi Jiwon , Lee Jiwon , Choi Seok‐Jin , Kim Sung‐Min , Hong Yoon‐Ho , Sung Jung‐Joon
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

The Inflammatory Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale (I‐RODS) is an effective activity measure for use in inflammatory peripheral neuropathy. The aim of this study was to validate the Korean version of the I‐RODS in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS), anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathy, and autoimmune nodopathy.

Methods

A total of 120 patients underwent clinical evaluations, which included the I‐RODS, Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) assessment, and Jamar grip strength (kg) measurement. Follow‐up assessments were performed for 83 patients during their regular clinic visits. To estimate the test–retest reliability of the I‐RODS, the scale was reapplied to a subset of 16 patients within 2–7 days of the initial test. Overall, reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the I‐RODS were evaluated.

Results

Internal consistency was good, as indicated by a person separation index of 0.966. The raw and standardized Cronbach's alpha values were both 0.974. The test–retest reliability analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was also high (ICC = 0.972). The I‐RODS showed a strong correlation with INCAT scores (ρ = −0.81, p < .001) and a moderate correlation with grip strength (ρ = 0.61, p < .001). Furthermore, the sensitivity for detecting clinically meaningful improvement was highest for grip strength (60.4%) followed by I‐RODS (52.1%), while for capturing deterioration, it was highest for I‐RODS (80.0%).

Interpretation

The Korean version of the I‐RODS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring disability in patients with inflammatory neuropathy. The I‐RODS is useful for both clinical practice and research applications.
Prediction of Nursing Need Proxies Using Vital Signs and Biomarkers Data: Application of Deep Learning Models
Authors: Baek Yunmi , Han Kihye , Jeon Eunjoo , Yoo Hae Young
Published: December 2024

Aim

To develop deep learning models to predict nursing need proxies among hospitalised patients and compare their predictive efficacy to that of a traditional regression model.

Design

This methodological study employed a cross‐sectional secondary data analysis.

Methods

This study used de‐identified electronic health records data from 20,855 adult patients aged 20 years or older, admitted to the general wards at a tertiary hospital. The models utilised patient information covering the preceding 2 days, comprising vital signs, biomarkers and demographic data. To create nursing need proxies, we identified the six highest‐workload nursing tasks. We structured the collected data sequentially to facilitate processing via recurrent neural network (RNN) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) algorithms. The STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used for reporting.

Results

Both the RNN and LSTM predicted nursing need proxies more effectively than the traditional regression model. However, upon testing the models using a sample case dataset, we observed a notable reduction in prediction accuracy during periods marked by rapid change.

Conclusions

The RNN and LSTM, which enhanced predictive performance for nursing needs, were developed using iterative learning processes. The RNN and LSTM demonstrated predictive capabilities superior to the traditional multiple regression model for nursing need proxies.

Implications for the Profession

Applying these predictive models in clinical settings where medical care complexity and diversity are increasing could substantially mitigate the uncertainties inherent in decision‐making processes.

Patient or Public Contribution

We used de‐identified electronic health record data of 20,855 adult patients about vital signs, biomarkers and nursing activities.

Reporting Method

The authors state that they have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines: STROBE statement for cross‐sectional studies.

Impact

Despite widespread adoption of deep learning algorithms in various industries, their application in nursing administration for workload distribution and staffing adequacy remains limited. This study amalgamated deep learning technology to develop a predictive model to proactively forecast nursing need proxies. Our study demonstrates that both the RNN and LSTM models outperform a traditional regression model in predicting nursing need proxies. The proactive application of deep learning methods for nursing need prediction could help facilitate timely detection of changes in patient nursing demands, enabling the effective and safe nursing services.
The Relationship Between Perceived Nursing Workload and Occupational Fatigue in Clinical Nurses: The Moderating Role of Nursing Teamwork
Authors: Nemati‐Vakilabad Reza , Ebadi Erfan , Homaei Amirreza , Hoseini Soraya , Mirzaei Alireza
Published: December 2024

Aim

This study investigated the association between perceived nursing workload and occupational fatigue in clinical nurses. We specifically focused on how nursing teamwork moderates this relationship.

Background

Hospital nurses often face heavy workloads, leading to significant fatigue. Understanding the link between workload, fatigue and teamwork is crucial to addressing nurse burnout.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 356 clinical nurses from five educational‐therapeutic hospitals in Ardabil, Iran. Data were collected using validated instruments, including the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery‐15 (OFER) scale, the Quantitative Workload Inventory (QWI) and the Nursing Teamwork Survey (NTS). Hierarchical linear regression analysis assessed the relationships between perceived workload, occupational fatigue and nursing teamwork.

Results

The study's findings show that increased nursing workloads were significantly linked to higher levels of both acute (B = 5.70 to 6.76, p < 0.001) and chronic fatigue (B = 6.71 to 7.16, p < 0.001). Additionally, effective nursing teamwork, comprising trust, team orientation, support, shared mental models and team leadership was associated with reduced fatigue levels.

Conclusion

Our study shows high workloads are linked to increased fatigue among nursing professionals. Teamwork can help lessen the adverse effects of workload on fatigue. Healthcare organisations should focus on optimising workload distribution and strengthening teamwork. Further research is needed to understand these dynamics and develop targeted interventions to support nursing staff in high‐demand environments.

Implications for Nursing and Health Policy

The study emphasises the need for healthcare organisations to prioritise workload management and enhance teamwork among nursing staff. Implementing structured workload assessments and fostering a collaborative work environment, along with policies promoting work–life balance, can improve patient care quality, benefit nursing professionals and contribute to a more resilient healthcare system.
Artificial intelligence applications in smile design dentistry: A scoping review
Authors: Baaj Rakan E. , Alangari Talal A.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are growing in smile design and aesthetic procedures. The current expansion and performance of AI models in digital smile design applications have not yet been systematically documented and analyzed. The purpose of this review was to assess the performance of AI models in smile design, assess the criteria of points of reference using AI analysis, and assess different AI software performance.

Methods

An electronic review was completed in five databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, World of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus. Studies that developed AI models for smile design were included. The search strategy included articles published until November 1, 2024. Two investigators independently evaluated the quality of the studies by applying the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi‐Experimental Studies and Textual Evidence: Expert Opinion Results.

Results

The search resulted in 2653 articles. A total of 2649 were excluded according to the exclusion criteria after reading the title, abstract, and/or full‐text review. Four articles published between 2023 and 2024 were included in the present investigation. Two articles compared 2D and 3D points while one article compared the outcome of satisfaction between dentists and patients, and the last article emphasized the ethical components of using AI.

Conclusion

The results of the studies reviewed in this paper suggest that AI‐generated smile designs are not significantly different from manually created designs in terms of esthetic perception. 3D designs are more accurate than 2D designs and offer more advantages. More articles are needed in the field of AI and smile design.
A consort‐guided randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial on the effects of 6 weeks training on heart rate variability in thoroughbred horses
Authors: Santosuosso Emma , Léguillette Renaud , Shoemaker Sierra , Baumwart Ryan , Temple Sierra , Hemmerling Kaneesha , Kell Tessa , Bayly Warwick
Published: December 2024

Background

Fitness assessment of horses remains challenging. Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to monitor human athlete's training, but its value is unknown in horses.

Hypothesis

The linear domain HRV variables are affected by fitness.

Animals

Twelve healthy untrained thoroughbreds were randomly split into a training group (6 weeks of incremental racetrack training) and a control group (no training).

Methods

Linear domain HRV variables were analyzed (high frequency [HF], low frequency [LF], their normalized units [Hfnu, Lfnu], root mean square of successive differences between beats [RMSSD], Poincaré plot features [SD1 and SD2]) while resting overnight before (baseline) and after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of training. V̇O2max and echocardiographic indexes were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks. Changes in HRV variables over time (ANOVA), and correlation with V̇O2max (Pearson's chi‐squared test) were tested (P < .05 significance).

Results

V̇O2max, LF/HF ratio, and LFnu increased while HFnu decreased in the training group (before and after training mean [SD] values: V̇O2max 134 [12.8]‐146 [16.5] mL/[kg min]; P < .001; LF/HF ratio 0.51 [0.2]‐0.91 [0.3] [P = .02]; LFnu 37.5 [10.1]‐46.8 [7.8] [P = .02]; HFnu 76.2 [7.9]‐53.2 [7.7] [P < .001]). Training did not affect RMSSD, SD1, SD2, resting HR, or echocardiographic indexes. Strong correlations were found between V̇O2max and HRV variables (V̇O2max and LFnu [r = −0.59, P = .04]; ΔV̇O2max and the corresponding ΔLF [r = −0.88, P = .02]).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Six weeks of training affected some frequency domain HRV variables. Further studies are necessary to validate the use of HRV for monitoring horses' responses to training.
Willow above, changes below: Seedless tree invader impacts riparian seed bank in the Patagonian ecotone
Authors: Torres María del Milagro , Franzese Jorgelina , Blackhall Melisa , Relva María Andrea
Published: December 2024

Aim

The soil seed bank, an ecosystem component with a crucial role in the natural regeneration of plant communities, can be impacted by invasive non‐native plants. The impact of non‐native plants can be direct with the production of their own seeds or indirect without producing seeds, which has been less investigated. We determined the impact of an invasive seedless tree, non‐native willow (Salix × rubens), on the soil seed bank in a riparian ecosystem.

Location

Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina.

Methods

In autumn and spring 2022, we collected soil samples and estimated understorey cover, respectively, in plant communities invaded by willow and in uninvaded communities with a canopy dominated by native species. Over a year, we recorded the seedling emergence of soil samples to estimate the abundance, richness, and composition of the seed bank. We also compared the composition between the seed bank and understorey.

Results

Total seed abundance and native woody species seed abundance decreased twofold and fourfold, respectively, in invaded plant communities in comparison with uninvaded communities. The most affected woody species was Ochetophila trinervis, a key tree species, because of its dominance in the canopy and understorey, and its role in various ecological processes (nitrogen cycling). In addition, willow invasion moderately changed the seed bank species composition producing species turnover. For both the seed bank and the understorey, species composition was more similar between invaded and uninvaded communities than between the seed bank and understorey. Willow invasion had more impact on understorey composition than on the seed bank.

Conclusions

Although willows do not produce seeds regionally, their invasion negatively impacts the soil seed bank by replacing native woody canopy species that supply seeds to the seed bank. These impacts could result in notable changes in the structure of the plant communities and the ecosystem dynamics of riparian areas.
Henckelia davidwoodii (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Indian eastern Himalayas
Authors: Borah Dipankar , Taram Momang , Maity Rohan
Published: December 2024

Henckelia davidwoodii (Gesneriaceae) is described here as a new species based on collections made from the Shi‐Yomi district in the eastern Himalayan state of Arunachal Pradesh, India. This new species resembles H. lallanii Taram, D.Borah, Tag and R.Kr. Singh in its habit, infundibuliform corolla without flaps or flanges, and stamens with slightly geniculate filaments, but it can be differentiated by having 2‐flowered cymes (versus solitary in H. lallanii), ovate bracts with undulate margins (versus narrowly ovate‐lanceolate bracts with entire margins in H. lallanii), non‐reflexed 5‐veined calyx lobes (versus reflexed calyx lobes without veins in H. lallanii), and a cupular disc (versus tubular in H. lallanii). It also superficially resembles H. urticifolia (Buch.‐Ham. ex D.Don) A.Dietr., however, it can be differentiated by its distinct sessile to sub‐sessile bracts with undulate margins and a round to cordate base, often recurved at the base and overlapping to form a conical to cupulate structure, and stamens that are slightly geniculate (versus bracts with serrate margins and cuneate bases, never forming the aforementioned structures; stamens distinctly geniculate in H. urticifolia). A detailed taxonomic description is provided for this new species, accompanied by photographs and ecological information.
Looking beyond Popper: how philosophy can be relevant to ecology
Authors: Heger Tina , Elliot‐Graves Alkistis , Kaiser Marie I. , Morrow Katie H. , Bausman William , Dietl Gregory P. , Dormann Carsten F. , Gibson David J. , Griesemer James , Itescu Yuval , Jax Kurt , Latimer Andrew M. , Liu Chunlong , Starrfelt Jostein , Stephens Philip A. , Jeschke Jonathan M.
Published: December 2024

Current workflows in academic ecology rarely allow an engagement of ecologists with philosophers, or with contemporary philosophical work. We argue that this is a missed opportunity for enriching ecological reasoning and practice, because many questions in ecology overlap with philosophical questions and with current topics in contemporary philosophy of science. One obstacle to a closer connection and collaboration between the fields is the limited awareness of scientists, including ecologists, of current philosophical questions, developments and ideas. In this article, we aim to overcome this obstacle and trigger more collaborations between ecologists and philosophers. First, we provide an overview of philosophical research relevant to ecologists. Second, we use examples to demonstrate that many ecological questions have a philosophical dimension and point to related philosophical work. We elaborate on one example – the debate around the appropriate level of complexity of ecological models – to show in more detail how philosophy can enrich ecology. Finally, we provide suggestions for how to initiate collaborative projects involving both ecologists and philosophers.
The distribution of distances to the edge of species coexistence
Authors: Desallais Mario , Loreau Michel , Arnoldi Jean‐François
Published: December 2024

In Lotka–Volterra community models, given a set of biotic interactions, recent approaches have analysed the probability of finding a set of species intrinsic growth rates (representing intraspecific demographic features) that will allow coexistence. Several metrics have been used to quantify the fragility of coexistence in the face of variations in those intrinsic growth rates (representing environmental perturbations), thus probing a notion of ‘distance' to the edge of coexistence of the community. Here, for any set of interacting species, we derive an analytical expression for the whole distribution of distances to the edge of their coexistence. Remarkably, this distribution is entirely driven by (at most) two characteristic distances that can be directly computed from the matrix of species interactions. We illustrate on data from experimental plant communities that our results offer new ways to study the contextual role of species in maintaining coexistence, and allow us to quantify the extent to which intraspecific features and biotic interactions combine favorably (making coexistence more robust than expected), or unfavourably (making coexistence less robust than expected). Our work synthesizes different study of coexistence and proposes new, easily calculable metrics to enrich research on community persistence in the face of environmental disturbances.
Social Media and the Adolescent Transplant Recipient
Authors: Barreda Christina , Moreno Megan A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Social media is interwoven into adolescents' daily lives. Many adolescents utilize digital technology in their healthcare journeys, as do their caregivers. Health systems increasingly seek ways to leverage these new tools toward supporting and caring for patients. These approaches may be of particular importance of adolescents, as well as healthcare systems, in providing care for chronic and serious illness including transplant patients.

Methods

This review article will begin with an overview of adolescent social media use. We will then consider ways in which social media may impact adolescents' healthcare experience including identity development and adherence.

Results

Caregivers may leverage social media for information seeking. Families may use social media to seek social support, as well as potential donors. For healthcare systems, social media may enhance research efforts as well as information delivery.

Discussion

Future directions include studies examining how social media can support adolescent transplant patients. incorporation of youth voice into these studies may enhance application of findings to clinical practice.
Photoprotective Effect of Taurine‐Rich Protamex Extract From Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Byproduct Against Ultraviolet B‐Induced Skin Damage in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Zebrafish Model
Authors: Im Seung Tae , Kim Wook Chul , Lee Seung‐Hong
Published: December 2024

Background

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 expression, leading to skin damage. Several studies have reported that protein‐rich fish byproducts from enzymatic hydrolysis exhibited a variety of health benefits such as antioxidant and anti‐inflammation. In the current study, we investigated the protective effect of protein hydrolysate from salmon byproduct (SBPH) in ultraviolet B (UVB)‐irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and zebrafish.

Methods

Antioxidant activities of SBPH were evaluated by the oxidative radical scavenging assay. To determine the cytotoxicity of SBPH, the CCK‐8 assay was performed. The protective effects of SBPH against photodamage was evaluated by DCF‐DA, ELISA, and western blotting analysis in UVB‐induced in vitro and in vivo model.

Results

SBPH significantly increased cell proliferation and suppressed UVB‐induced intracellular ROS generation and MMP‐1 expression by regulating activator protein 1 (AP‐1) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways in HDF cells. In addition, SBPH reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and alleviated the inflammatory response via suppressing nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). Moreover, UVB‐induced abnormal homeostasis in HDF cells was remarkably improved via the downregulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins including p53 and p21. Furthermore, the in vivo photoprotective effect was determined by reducing the level of ROS in the UVB‐induced zebrafish model.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that SBPH possesses strong protective effects against UVB and may serve as a potential ingredient in pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals.
Unruly subjects: The subaltern struggle for media justice, multimodality, and autoethnography in academia and beyond
Authors: Osman Wazhmah
Published: December 2024

In this autoethnographic article, I explore the “crisis of representation” and the struggle of subaltern people for reparative representation and media justice. I argue that the field of visual anthropology and its multimodal programs have emerged from the margins to be at the forefront of decolonizing media and representation in the academy and beyond, but more work still needs to be done to achieve parity. I highlight the work and programs of leading scholar‐practitioners and their methodological and theoretical approaches that have shifted the paradigm of modern anthropology and representational politics and practice more generally. I focus on the trajectory of Faye Ginsburg's scholarship and media activism working with Indigenous, disability, and reproductive justice movements and show its impact on my work in the media worlds of the United States and Afghanistan and on Middle Eastern and Asian contexts and studies more broadly.
Optical metasurface fabricated using 3D nanoimprint lithography
Authors: Ye Jiacheng , Wang Yunxiang , Tang Zhexiang , Liu Zerui , Zhang Hongming , Hsu Ting-Hao , Hossain Sushmit , Hiramony Nishat Tasnim , Wu Wei
Published: December 2024

To improve the performance of the next-generation optical metasurface device, we investigated the feasibility of practical design and fabrication processes for 3D optical metasurface. 3D nanoimprint lithography technology could duplicate the multilayer pattern of the device in a single fabrication process with high resolution, which shows the prospect of manufacturing the 3D optical metasurface. To verify the superiority of this method, we designed a novel multilayer optical metasurface 1-to-8 beam splitter, which could achieve high energy utility efficiency and light intensity distribution of the eight beams based on the principle of Dammann grating. The multilayer structure that we designed was prepared on a Si wafer. Then, the pattern could be duplicated by the 3D nanoimprint lithography. We also do the sensitivity analysis on how the fabrication errors influence the optical properties of the device. The analytical results show the fabrication process is robust. The sample we made with 3D nanoimprint lithography technology has a performance of 86.4% power efficiency and only 2.33% light intensity deviation. The high device performance and the low fabricating cost show that the 3D nanoimprint lithography technology is a solid way to manufacture the optical metasurface with complex structures.
Performance and Psychophysiological Effects of Light-Guided Pacing During a 5000-m Run
Authors: Casado Arturo , Hornillos Alberto , Foster Carl , Ranieri Luis E. , Renfree Andrew , Domínguez Raúl
Published: December 2024

Purpose: In world-class middle- and long-distance running races, a Wavelight signal has recently been used as a pacing guide for setting records. The aim of the present study was to compare performance and psychophysiological effects between light-guided, drafting, and nonassisted pacing conditions in distance runners. Methods: Fifteen male middle- and long-distance runners of national and regional standard ran three 5000-m time trials in a counterbalanced order with the following pacing distribution: the first 4000 m and last 1000 m were covered at submaximal and maximal intensities, respectively. The 3 trials (conditions) were (1) self-paced, (2) guided by a light signal, and (3) guided by a cyclist in front (drafting condition). Pace, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and affective valence were recorded every 500 m. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between pacing-light and self-paced conditions. Running time was shorter in the drafting versus self-paced condition in the final 500-m section (P = .031; d = 0.76). No differences were found between drafting and light conditions. Similarly, whereas 9 out of 10 significant differences in terms of lower heart rate, or rating of perceived exertion, or higher affective valence responses were found in the drafting versus self-paced condition (P = .004–.041; d = 0.63–1.39), only 4 were found across the tests in the drafting versus light condition (P = .005–.016; d = 0.66–0.84). Conclusion: Light-guided pacing did not influence performance or psychophysiological responses in distance runners during a 5000-m test, but drafting produced a large effect.
Acquisition, Retention, and Transfer Effects of Landing Training to Increase Foot Progression Angle During Bilateral Drop Landings
Authors: Weinhandl Joshua T. , Genter Alec M. , Peel Shelby A. , Zhang Songning , Fairbrother Jeffrey T.
Published: December 2024

Foot position during landing directly influences knee mechanics. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine success in practicing, repeating, and transferring a desired foot progression angle (FPA) during landing, as well as changes in knee mechanics. Twenty females were randomly assigned to a control or verbal instruction group. On day 1, each group performed 40 drop landings. The verbal instruction group was instructed to “Land with 30 degrees of external rotation” before every trial. Feedback was provided on a terminal schedule in the form of knowledge of FPA error. On day 2, retention was assessed with 5 drop landings, while transfer was assessed during a 2-step stop-jump landing. Repeated-measures analyses of variance (2 × 4 [group × time]) were used to assess the influence of verbal instruction on knee mechanics. Participants who received verbal instruction exhibited increased FPA. They also demonstrated increased initial contact knee abduction during acquisition and retention. For all participants, initial contact knee flexion increased, while peak knee adduction moment decreased during acquisition. While the verbal instruction cue was effective in promoting an increase in FPA and reducing some ACL injury risk factors during practice and retention, this cue may only be effective to tasks similar to what was practiced.