bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long Non-Coding RNA Prostate Cancer Non-Coding RNA 1/miR-211-5p/Death Effector Domain Containing 2 Axis Affects Preeclampsia by Modulating Trophoblast Cells Proliferation and Apoptosis
Authors: Li Caijuan , Zhang Lina , Guo Taoying , Zou Lina
Published: March 2022

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder that affects 5–7% of pregnant women and is characterized by edema, hypertension and proteinuria. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and newborns. Evidences
reveal that the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) prostate cancer non-coding RNA 1 (PRNCR1) is abnormal in PE. Therefore, we investigated the role of lncRNA PRNCR1 in PE development and its molecular mechanism. Methods: Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used
to determine the expression levels of lncRNA PRNCR1, microRNA (miR)-211-5p and mRNA leval of death effector domain containing 2 (DEDD2). Besides, the expression level of DEDD2 was detected by western blot assay. Cell proliferation ability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium
bromide (MTT) assay, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry assay. Transwell assay was used to detect the migration and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells. The relationship between miR-211-5p and lncRNA PRNCR1 or DEDD2 was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results:
Over-expression of lncRNA PRNCR1 induced apoptosis, impeded proliferation, migration, invasion in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Knockdown of lncRNA PRNCR1 inhibited apoptosis, promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and all these effects were offset by miR-211-5p inhibitor. The mRNA and
protein levels of DEDD2 were decreased by overexpressing miR-211-5p in HTR-8/SVneo cells, while miR-211-5p inhibitor significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of DEDD2. Conclusions: lncRNA PRNCR1 regulated cell behavior (proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion) via
the miR-211-5p/DEDD2 axis in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Thus, lncRNA PRNCR1 participated in the occurrence and development of PE.
lncRNA-CCAT2 Reduces the Drug Resistance of Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhou Jianyun , Wang Xiumei , Han Yun , Chu Qiaoxiang , Zheng Yanli
Published: March 2022

This study assesses lncRNA-CCAT2’s role in reducing the drug resistance of ovarian cancer cell lines. Cisplatin-resistant SKOV-3/DDP cells were established and assigned into CC group (transfected with lncRNA CCAT2 siRNA-NC) and CA group (transfected with lncRNA CCAT2 siRNA) followed
by analysis of cell proliferation, apoptosis, expression of CCAT2, ERK1/2, Sp1 and relationship between CCAT2 and ERK1/2 and Sp1. CCAT2 expression in SKOV-3/DDP was higher than IOSE80 and SKOV-3 (P < 0.001). ERK1/2 expression in SKOV-3 and SKOV-3/DDP was 0.67±0.09, 1.97±0.40
(t = 14.18, P < 0.001). Sp1 level in SKOV-3 and SKOV-3/DDP was 0.49±0.05, 1.07±0.11 (P = 21.47, P < 0.001). Transfection of CCAT2 reduced cell fluorescence activity of ERK1/2 and Sp1 (P < 0.001). Cell proliferation in CC group and CA
group had no difference at 0 h (P > 0.001) and the inhibition of cell proliferation was found at 24 h (P < 0.001). CC group (5.13±0.51) had lower cell apoptosis rate than CA group (20.52±2.24) (t = 29.96, P < 0.001) but higher ERK1/2 and Sp1
protein level CC group than CA group (P < 0.001). In conclusion, transfection of lncRNA-CCAT2 inhibits SKOV-3/DDP proliferation by targeting ERK1/2-Sp1 signaling pathway, promotes apoptosis and reduces drug resistance.
Retinoid Drugs Improve Autophagy of Medulloblastoma Cells via Hedgehog-Gli Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xiong Ping , Zhang Tao , Li Zheng , Tang Xiaoping
Published: March 2022

Our study aims to discuss the effect of retinoid drug on autophagy of medulloblastoma cells. Targeted ferrocenoretinoic acid was prepared and identified. The MB cells were assigned into blank group, control group and transfection group followed by analysis of cell survival rate and
expression of Rack1, Hedgehog-Gli, Beclin1 and LC3. The size and form of prepared ferrocenoretinoic acid was uniform. There was positive charge which can bind target. Ferrocenoretinoic acid treatment declined cell survival rate and increased cell apoptotic rate. The level of Rack1 and Hedgehog-Gli
in transfection group was lower than other two group. The tendency in expression of Beclin1 and LC3 was reversed. In conclusion, the expression of Rack1 is restrained by nano-retinoid drug so as to restrain the Hedgehog-Gli signal activity. Therefore, the survival rate of medulloblastoma cells
could be restrained and apoptotic rate could be prompted.
Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell on Collagen Deposition in Nude Mouse Model of Scleroderma
Authors: Chen Bo , Zhu Xiongxiang , Guo Jingdong , Peng Liang , Zhang Dongmei
Published: March 2022

Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease featured by uncontrolled fibrosis and collagen deposition. This study aimed to investigate the impact of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) transplantation on collagen in scleroderma. After establishment of scleroderma model using Bleomycin,
the animals received subcutaneous injection of 0.3 ml fat (group B) or 0.3 ml fat+1×106 ADSCs (group C), or 1×106 ADSCs alone (group D). Mice treated with PBS were taken as control group (group A). One month after operation, the skin tissue at injection site
was collected for H&E staining, and immunohistochemistry to determine the content of TGF-β1 and type III collagen. Compared to control group, group B, C, and D exhibited improvement in collagen deposition and reduction in TGF-β1 content and type III collagen. Combined
graft of fat and ADSCs exerted more significant effect compared to single ADSCs treatment. In conclusion, fat and ADSCs transplantation improves collagen deposition in nude mice with scleroderma and the combined treatment exerts a higher efficacy, suggesting that ADSCs need adipose carrier
and microenvironment. These findings provide a novel insight into the treatment of scleroderma.
Injectable Hyaluronic Acid/Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells/Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Promotes the Repair of Radial Bone Defects in Rabbits
Authors: Meng Weidong , Liu Yanjun , Zhu Zhehui , Liu Shenghang , Shen Yong , Liu Shizhang
Published: March 2022

Background: Bone defects are common in orthopedics and can be caused by congenital diseases, trauma, infection, tumors and other reasons. The treatment of large-scale bone defects is a clinical problem faced by orthopedists. The development of tissue engineering technology is
expected to solve this problem. Objective: To explore the effect of injectable hyaluronic acid/hUCMSC/BMP-2 on the healing of rabbit radial bone defects. Methods: X-ray examination and tissue specimens were examined to macroscopically observe bone defect healing; tetracycline
fluorescence and vonKossa staining were performed to observe the formation of new bone, and H&E staining was performed to examine cartilage and trabecular bone formation. Results: The injectable hyaluronic acid/hUCMSC/BMP-2 could significantly promote the early repair of bone defects
and accelerate the process of bone formation. Conclusion: The direct injection of hyaluronic acid/hUCMSC/BMP-2 into afresh bone defect site has a significant beneficial effect on early repair of the bone defect.
Fat Stem Cells Combined with Complement C3 Inhibits the Progress of Type 2 Diabetes in Rats
Authors: Liu Shuang , Chi Yangfeng , Wu Xinye , Zhu Bingbing , Wang Hao , Liang Yongping , Wang Yunman
Published: March 2022

This study assessed the effect of fat stem cells combined with complement C3 on Wnt/β-catenin pathway in type 2 diabetic rats. 30 male rats were randomly and equally divided into group of type 2 diabetes (intraperitoneal injection of urea with cephalosporins at a dose of
30 mg/kg and fed with high sugar and fat), type 2 diabetes+adipose stem cells+C3 group (after adipose stem cells+C3 group) and control group. Rats in adipose stem cells+C3 group received administration of stem cells and C3. The model of type 2 diabetic rats was successfully constructed. The
blood glucose of type 2 diabetic rats and fat stem cell+C3 group was significantly higher than 11.1 mmol/L. Adipocyte was induced to be differentiated into islet cells depending on insulin secretion and glucose concentration. The combination of complement C3 improved the glucose sensitivity
in type 2 diabetic rats. Compared with diabetic group, β-catenin and TCF in fat stem cell+C3 group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, fat stem cells combined with complement C3 inhibit the disease progression in type 2 diabetic rats possibly by inhibiting
the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17)-Modified Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Enhance Drug-Resistant Cervical Cancer Development
Authors: Zhou Chun , Chen Fengxia , Li Liling
Published: March 2022

ADAM-17 is a type I transmembrane protein, and its abnormal expression affects the body development and tumor growth. BMSCs act as a target gene carrier in tumor tissues. This study mainly aims to explore the role of ADAM-17 and BMSCs in drug-resistant cervical cancer (CC). BMSCs were
transfected with ADAM-17 or empty vectors and then co-cultured with cisplatin-resistant CC cells followed by analysis of cell morphology. The in vivo effect of ADAM-17-modified BMSC was evaluated using animal model of CC. The protein expression of ADAM-17, EGFR, PI3K, and Akt was detected
using Western blot and RT-qPCR. Transfection of ADAM-17 significantly facilitated tumor growth at different time points (4 d, 7 d, 10 d, 14 d), accompanied with the upregulation of ADAM-17, EGFR, PI3K, and Akt expression (p < 0.05) without differences between empty vector group and
blank group (p > 0.05). Mechanistically, ADAM-17 directly targets EGFR in CC. In conclusion, ADAM-17-modified BMSC enhances the growth of drug-resistant CC cell and tumor growth through EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which may contribute to a novel therapy for treating CC.
The Effect of Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Lipid Ligand on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced Leukocyte Infiltration in Rat Model
Authors: Liu Meimei , Wang Qi , Ji Dan , Zhou Jin , Yang Jun
Published: March 2022

Objective: To investigate the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate lipid ligand (DGLL) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-induced leukocyte infiltration in rat and underlying mechanisms. Methods: Sixty SD rats were randomly distributed into six groups, control
group, NAFLD model group, DGLL (30, 60, 120 mg/kg) treatment group and positive control (biphenyl biester tablets (BDP), 200 mg/kg) group. The expression and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in liver tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. The expressions of
leukocyte adhesion molecules in whole blood were determined by flow cytometry. The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressions in liver tissues was detected by western blotting. Results: Compared with NAFLD model groups, the expression and activity of MPO in liver tissues
of DGLL (30, 60, 120 mg/kg) treatment group were all significantly ameliorated by the administration of DGLL (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the up-regulation of adhesion molecules expressed on monocytes and neutrophils in whole blood, as well as endothelial ICAM-1 expression in NAFLD model
groups were eliminated by DGLL treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: DGLL ameliorated leukocyte activation and infiltration in rat liver with NAFLD, which might be related to suppression of adhesion molecules expression on leukocyte and endothelium.
Wound-Healing on Minimally Invasive Systems with Micro-Arc Oxidized (MAO) and Acid-Etched (SLA) Surface Modifications in Finite Element Liver Model
Authors: Lin Han-Jo , Cheng Han-Yi
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research is to study micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and acid etching (SLA) in the liver after minimally invasive treatment. The three-dimensional (3D) liver model is rebuilt by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to simulate the clinical process. The processing layer is an important factor in clinical applications. Several studies have investigated the finite element model of the liver; however, few people have studied the equipment model with treated layers. The results revealed that temperature was significantly decreased when devices using MAO and SLA thin films. In addition, the SLA treatment group showed a relatively low temperature, which was 12.88% lower. It is an effective means to reduce abnormally thermal injury and lateral thermal area. The present study reveals that the novel nanostructured thin film on electrosurgery devices is an effective means of improving the performance of reducing over thermal injury and uniformly distributing temperature in livers.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sociodemographic Disparities in Rates of Elective Hernia Surgeries
Authors: Rosen Samantha , Phillips Sharon , Gupta Anand , Pierce Richard
Published: March 2022

Background

The global pandemic has shed light on the role of health care disparities; however, little data exists to determine how COVID-19 affected access to elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of health care disparities and surgical care for patients undergoing hernia surgery across a national quality collaborative database.

Materials and Methods

All patients undergoing elective hernia surgery between March 2018 and April 2021 were identified within the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative. Patients were divided based on date of surgery into pre-, post-, and COVID-19 spike groups. Descriptive statistics were calculated for comorbidities, demographics, surgical location, Distressed Community Index (DCI), and hernia characteristics stratified by period of surgery. Rates and chi-squared test were used for categorical variables. Median, IQR, and Wilcoxon test were used continuous variables.

Results

35 149 patients met inclusion criteria. Pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 spike, and post-COVID-19 groups showed no significant difference in mean age or the proportion of patients in each DCI variable. Proportionately fewer females and more White non-Hispanic patients were operated on during the COVID-19 spike. Surgeons affiliated with academic hospitals saw proportionality fewer elective cases during the COVID-19 spike.

Discussion

This study suggests white males with private hospital affiliation were more likely to have elective hernia surgery during the COVID-19 spike, however these trends were not associated with health care DCI changes during the same period. Further study is necessary to determine the reasons for these differences and will be important to optimize surgical care for patients during a worldwide pandemic.
Persistence of Disparity in Thyroid Cancer Survival After Adjustments for Socioeconomic Status and Access
Authors: Nnorom Siobhan O. , Baig Hana , Akinyemi Oluwasegun A. , Tran Joseph H. , Harris Jeduthun , Sidhom Fady , Frederick Wayne A. , Cornwell Edward E. , Wilson Lori L.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Thyroid cancer incidence has increased substantially in the past 4 decades, estimated at 3.5% annually. Incidence is highest in white patients, yet black patients have the worst survival. Racial/ethnic differences in presentation and outcomes are hypothesized to be a result of differences in access to care. Analyses delineating the relative contribution of access to racial/ethnic survival disparities are scarce. We aimed to explore the association of delay in access to care and early/increased detection with racial/ethnic disparities in thyroid cancer survival.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried from 2007 to 2011 for patients with a first primary thyroid cancer diagnosis and up to 5 years of follow-up. Composite scores were generated from county-level variables to capture socioeconomic status and screening habits. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized for survival analysis.

Results

We identified 46,970 patients (67% white, 7% black, 15% Hispanic, 10% Asian or Pacific Islander, and 1% unknown/other). Compared to white patients, black, Hispanic, and Asian or Pacific Islander patients were more likely to present with distant disease (3% vs 5%, 5%, and 6%, respectively; P < .001). After adjusting for sex, age, stage, subtype, tumor size, surgery, radiation, socioeconomics, and screening habits, black patients were the only race/ethnicity found to have increased odds of 5-year mortality compared to white patients (24%, P < .001).

Conclusion

Thyroid cancer survival is worst for black patients regardless of socioeconomic status or screening habits. Racial/ethnic disparities in survival are not attributable to early detection alone.
Endovascular Repair of Transected Axillary Artery via Snare Assisted Through and Through Femoral to Brachial Artery Access
Authors: Grzeda Anthony L. , Hicks Adam C. , Cheadle Gerald A. , Sangroula Daisy , Wayne Erik J. , Dwivedi Amit J. , Sigdel Abindra
Published: March 2022

Axillary artery injury is a rare but complex surgical problem that often requires challenging exposures, lengthy operations, and morbid outcomes for repair. For these reasons, endovascular repair is an attractive alternative as it obviates many of the challenges present with open repair. While pseudoaneurysms, dissections, and short segment injuries with limited arterial disruption are regularly treated endovascularly, complete arterial transections are almost exclusively treated with open repair as obtaining wire access across the site of injury is often not possible. Here we report a case of successful endovascular repair of a completely transected axillary artery with the use of snare assistance to obtain through and through femoral to brachial artery access. This ultimately allowed for covered stent deployment across the axillary transection restoring distal blood flow. Snare assistance in obtaining through and through access across areas of complete transection can allow for increased use of endovascular repair.
Numbers Speak for Themselves, or Do They? On Performance Measurement and Its Implications
Authors: van der Kolk Berend
Published: March 2022

Performance measurement systems have the potential to improve organizational outcomes, but they often come at a cost. This commentary highlights the individual, organizational, and societal costs of performance measurement systems and explores how such costs could be reduced.
Headstrong Girls and Dependent Boys: Gender Differences in the Labor Market Returns to Child Behavior
Authors: Kaestner Robert , Malamud Ofer
Published: March 2022

The authors use data from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (C-NLSY79) to examine gender differences in the associations between child behavioral problems and early adult earnings. They find large and significant earnings penalties for women who exhibited more headstrong behavior and for men who exhibited more dependent behavior as children. By contrast, the authors observe no penalties for men who were headstrong or for women who were dependent. Although other child behavioral problems are also associated with labor market earnings, their associations did not differ significantly by gender. The gender differences in headstrong and dependent behavior are not explained by education, marriage, depression, self-esteem, health, or adult personality traits. One potential explanation is that these gender differences are a consequence of deviations from gender norms and stereotypes in the workplace.
What Does It Mean to be a “Citizen of the World”: A Prototype Approach
Authors: Carmona Margarida , Guerra Rita , Hofhuis Joep
Published: March 2022

The superordinate social category “ citizen of the world” is used by laypeople and scholars to embody several constructs (e.g., cosmopolitanism; global identity and citizenship), and prior research suggests that the concept is better represented as a prototype rather than having a clear-cut definition. This research aims to systematically examine the prototypical meaning of this social category, and how it is cognitively processed. Relying on a prototype approach, six studies ( n = 448) showed that certain attributes of this category were communicated more frequently and were regarded as more central (e.g., multiculturalism), and that central (vs. peripheral) attributes were more quickly identified, more often remembered, and more appropriate to identify a group member, as well as the self, as a “ citizen of the world.” These results systematically demonstrated that this category has a prototypical structure and there is a differentiated cognitive automatic processing for central and peripheral attributes. We propose that the specific content activated by the attributes regarded as central to the prototype of “citizens of the world” (e.g., intercultural contact; diversity), and the fact that these are more accessible in memory to form a mental representation, are important aspects to understand identity processes and their impact on intergroup outcomes.
How tenants’ reactions to rent increases affect displacement: An interactionist approach to gentrification
Authors: Rinn Moritz , Wehrheim Jan , Wiese Lena
Published: March 2022

Rising rents play an important role in the displacement of residents through gentrification processes in Germany. Applying an interactionist approach and conceptualising gentrification as an emergent phenomenon that results from an interaction process, we explore how residents of the gentrifying district Altona-Altstadt in Hamburg deal with situations of rent increases. Four strategies emerge: de-problematisation, unwilling consent, changing the field of action and confrontational rejection. Using an interpretive analysis and the concept of the ‘moral economies of housing’, we investigate the normative and strategic conditions of these strategies and how they contribute to or counteract housing-related displacement. This analysis contributes to qualitative research on how residents experience gentrification and negotiate situations relevant to displacement, and, thereby, to the exploration of power in the tenant–landlord relationship.
Older Adults’ Interpretation of Nurses’ Nonverbal Communication in Cameroon: A Grounded Theory Inquiry
Authors: Wanko Keutchafo Esther L. , Kerr Jane
Published: March 2022

Communication is central to nursing care. Yet, the nonverbal aspect of communication tends to be neglected or underestimated in nursing studies. Research has shown that older patients interpret nurses’ communication messages during the clinical encounter. This article conceptualizes older adults’ interpretation of and need for nonverbal communication (NVC) to enhance patient-centered communication advocated by the World Health Organization. The Corbin and Strauss (2015) inductive Grounded Theory approach was used to collect data from 3 hospital units in Cameroon using in-depth interviews with eight older adults, thirteen nurses, and four student nurses between July 2018 and January 2020. Open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were used for analysis, which reveals that interpretations of NVC can be positive or negative. It means that older adults view nurses either as angels or as difficult persons, depending on the nurses’ positive or negative NVC and behaviors. These interpretations lead to consequences ranging from a preference for some nurses to noncompliance with care. The results further show that older adults need active listening, humor, and affection from nurses. Information regarding older adults’ interpretation of and need for NVC can be used to improve curriculum content and to develop skills in and awareness of NVC with older adults. It is recommended that further research expand on effective nonverbal techniques during COVID-19 times where the meaning of facial expressions and voice inflection can be disrupted.
The Personality Assessment Screener as a Predictor of Self-Injuring Thoughts and Behavior Crisis Events in a Male Prison Sample
Authors: Truong Tiffany N. , Mccredie Morgan N. , Edens John F. , Morey Leslie C.
Published: March 2022

Mental disorder is widespread in correctional settings, as is the potential for suicide and self-harm among detained individuals. The ability of the Personality Assessment Screener (PAS) to identify potential mental health problems has been the focus of recent research in corrections, but few studies have examined the prediction of crisis events related to self-injuring thoughts and behaviors. We explored the utility of repeated PAS administrations among men incarcerated in prison ( N = 270) to identify those at risk for a subsequent crisis event involving potential self-harm. Baseline PAS total scores predicted the odds of experiencing a crisis event (odds ratio = 3.76–4.46) and, importantly, changes in PAS total scores over time incrementally predicted such events beyond scores assessed at a single time-point, t(49) = –2.14, p = .037. These preliminary findings demonstrate promise for the PAS as an indicator of potential self-injuring crisis events when administered at intake and regular intervals throughout incarceration.
CDS Channels of Influence on Discretionary Accruals
Authors: Cheng Hao , Lim Kian Guan
Published: March 2022

Existing studies indicated that firm debt holders can use the credit default swap (CDS) market to hedge their credit risk, and thus they would reduce their monitoring of the firms, leading to largely distressed firms shirking and increasing positive abnormal earnings accruals. Besides providing insurance, however, the CDS spreads also perform price discovery of credit risk information sought by trade creditors and potential lenders who are not protected. High absolute abnormal discretionary accruals or bad earnings quality, especially negative abnormal accruals, would lead adverse CDS price signals that are very costly to the firm. This compels the firm under nondistressed conditions to be able to improve cash holdings, cash flows, working capital, and earnings reporting quality. Our new results indicate that the channels of improvement in earnings quality are through a firm’s large accounts payable and low cash holdings related to trade credit exposures. In the longer run, this leads to higher profitability and improved firm value. Thus, the generation of public information via the CDS market reduces information asymmetry and can enforce greater discipline in discretionary accounts reporting.
How Short-Term Rentals are Changing the Neighborhood
Authors: Wrede Matthias
Published: March 2022

This paper examines how short-term rentals are changing living conditions and the composition of the population in affected parts of a town. First, to analyze the relation between quality, distance, and rents, we develop a spatial monocentric city model with varying housing quality levels. Second, for 200 m grids in the city of Berlin (Germany) in 2019, we show that the proportion of low and medium quality residential units correlates positively near the city center with the probability of Airbnb listings and the number of these listings, but negatively in the suburbs. Third, applying fixed effect and IV strategies, we investigate the impact of Airbnb listings on living conditions and the composition of the population in the almost 450 planning areas of Berlin in the years 2016–2019. We show that Airbnb offers increase the number of residents with long periods of residence and reduce the number of residents in low-quality residential environments, but we do not find above-average effects on socially weak groups.

JEL Classification: R21, R31, Z32
Challenges and Learning Needs of Nurse-Patients’ Family Communication: Focus Group Interviews With Intensive Care Unit Nurses in South Korea
Authors: Jin Juhye , Son Youn-Jung , Tate Judith A. , Choi JiYeon
Published: March 2022

Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are expected to facilitate effective day-to-day communication with patients and family members at the bedside. To date, communication training for ICU health care professionals has targeted mainly intensivists-in-training, but there is limited data on communication experience and needs to be evaluated among ICU nurses. This qualitative study used focus group interviews to explore daily communication experiences with patients’ families and communication training needs and preferences among ICU nurses in South Korea. Five focus group interviews were conducted with 27 ICU nurses (4–6 nurses per group). The results of inductive qualitative content analysis highlighted four main categories: “Perceived difficulties during communication,” “burden from working conditions,” “endeavors to promote communication skills,” and “strategies for cultivating effective communication.” Regarding suggestions for future communication training, nurses preferred interactive learning with peer-support over traditional methods (e.g., lectures). Nurses also suggested that communication training for ICU nurses should include learning skills appropriate for difficult situations (e.g., angry family members). Findings from this study can serve as a framework for stakeholders in ICU care and healthcare education (e.g., hospital and nursing administrators, nurse educators) when designing communication training to support ICU nurses with their practical knowledge and communication skills.
Utility of cephalic drains in infants receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Rose Allison T , Davis Joel , Williams Helen O , Clifton Matthew , Paden Matthew , Keene Sarah D
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The addition of cephalic drains (CDs) in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to augment venous drainage may offer benefit, though their use is varied. Our objective was to describe our institution’s experience with CDs including flow rates and patency. We also compared complication rates between patients with and without a CD.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included infants <12 months of age cannulated for ECMO between January 1, 2010 and September 30, 2019 at a single institution. Flow data were obtained for those with a CD. Demographic and complication rates were obtained for all.

Results

Of 264 patients in the final cohort, 220 (83%) had a CD of which 93.2% remained patent to decannulation. CDs typically provided 30% or more of ECMO flow throughout the ECMO run. The median time to CD clot was 139 h (range 48–635 h). Patients with a clotted CD had longer ECMO runs than those whose CD remained patent (median 382 h [IQR 217–538] vs 139 h [IQR 91–246], p < 0.001). Survival to discharge was lower for those with clotted versus patent CD (14% vs 70%, p < 0.001). Mechanical complications were more common in patients with CD ( p = 0.005). Seizures were more common in those without a CD ( p = 0.021).

Conclusions

In this cohort, the majority of CDs placed remained patent at decannulation and provided substantial additional venous drainage. Mechanical problems were common in patients with CDs, but without clinical sequelae. Further study is warranted to elucidate CD impact on short- and long-term outcomes.
Differentiating Sexual From Other Violent Offence Types for Case Assessment, Planning, and Management
Authors: Motiuk Laurence L. , Anne Keown Leslie
Published: March 2022

Core components of the Intake Assessment (IA) process in the Canadian federal corrections system were examined to determine whether a simplified algorithmic equation for individuals sentenced for sex crimes could be tailored and differentiated from other violent offence types. Two major offence type categories, namely sexual and other violent were constructed for 2,896 adult male first releases for 2016 to 2017 and 2017 to 2018. A restricted set of static risk indicators, dynamic need ratings, and other actuarial measures as well as whether or not there were any returns to federal custody were extracted for each case. A combined risk index yielded robust predictions of custodial return for sexual and other violent offence types with significant and robust AUCs of 0.77 and 0.71, respectively. Analyses showed that five-level risk groupings could be derived independently for the two offence type categorizations.
Investigating the Safety Effectiveness of Wildlife–Vehicle Crash Countermeasures using a Bayesian Approach with a Comparison between Carcass Removal Data and Traditional Crash Data
Authors: Ahmed Irfan U. , Ahmed Mohamed M.
Published: March 2022

Wildlife–vehicle crashes (WVCs) pose a significant threat to not only wildlife populations but also highway safety. The most expensive WVC countermeasures include crossing structures with fencing, whereas the least expensive countermeasure is the wildlife warning signs. This study is aimed at estimating the crash modification factors (CMFs) for these two countermeasures using cross-sectional analysis. Two types of WVC data are used in this study: carcass removal data and traditional crash data. A random-intercept Bayesian approach was utilized to incorporate the contributing factors representing traffic volume, roadway geometry, weather conditions, and unobserved heterogeneity resulting from between-site variance. The No-U-Turn Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling technique was employed because of its high efficiency in handling complex models. The results suggest that the treatment of implementing wildlife warning signs on hotspots of high WVCs has been ineffective, perhaps because warning signs are passive devices, and the high uncertainty of wildlife interaction still remains. The crossing structures are found to be effective, with an estimated CMF of 0.66 and 0.55 using the carcass data and crash data, respectively. Recommendations could be made to implement more active information dissemination via wildlife-actuated warning signs, where crossing structures may not be feasible. The findings from this study indicate that the carcass removal data are more comprehensive than the crash data, despite the underreporting issue existing in both datasets. Therefore, a unique identifier should be added in both datasets to enable merging the data and obtain more complete results from the analyses.
Les bases incarnées de l’institution monétaire
Authors: Bouguereau Benjamin , Bourgeois-Gironde Sacha
Published: March 2022

Money is a fundamental and ubiquitous institution in modern economies. It has the distinctive characteristic of being at the same time a complex social phenomenon and a very easily manipulated object in everyday life. By bringing together works carried out both in cognitive sciences and in philosophy of mind, and while continuing certain classical authors’ ideas, this article proposes to conceive money as a cognitive institution whose study would anchor in the paradigm of embodied cognition and extended cognition. Including the study of this artefact into embodied cognition and extended cognition would imply a refusal of any cerebrocentrism, and more broadly, to approach its multiple facets such as its affective dimension in relation to the embodiment of value. Moreover, presenting money as a cognitive institution would mean not only that it would be an extension of certain cognitive processes but also a condition of possibility for others. The cognitive processes in question relate to the objectivation of value in a market society, in order to orient the desire of agents and to the structuring of certain inter-individual actions.
A Comparative Analysis of Family Quality of Life Between Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Caregivers of People with Dementia
Authors: Anderson Joel G. , Jabson Tree Jennifer M. , Flatt Jason D. , Gross Alden L. , Williams Ishan C. , Rose Karen M.
Published: March 2022

Providing care for someone with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD) is associated with significant physical and mental strain affecting quality of life among caregivers. However, little attention has been given to sexual minority (SM; lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer) people caring for those with ADRD. In this cross-sectional study, we used psychosocial measures to describe the characteristics and family quality of life of SM and heterosexual caregivers for people with ADRD. SM caregivers were significantly younger and more frequently reported full or part-time employment compared with their heterosexual counterparts. Lesbian and bisexual caregivers reported more difficulty in paying for everyday basics. After controlling for demographic covariates, SM caregivers had significantly higher family quality of life scores compared with heterosexual caregivers. This study is among the first to compare family quality of life between SM and heterosexual caregivers. Findings can guide development of targeted interventions for SM caregivers.
In Their Own Words: The Challenges Experienced by Certified Nursing Assistants and Administrators During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Reinhardt Joann P. , Franzosa Emily , Mak Wingyun , Burack Orah
Published: March 2022

This qualitative study aimed to provide an in-depth understanding of the challenges experienced by certified nursing assistants and administrators during the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis. We conducted 6 administrator interviews and 10 remote focus groups with day and evening CNAs at 5 nursing homes ( N = 56) in downstate New York. Content analysis was conducted, and emerging themes were identified across sites and roles. Results showed numerous challenges for both CNAs and administrators including many that were personal. These personal challenges included feeling helpless, anxious, or fearful; experience of COVID illness; and balancing high concurrent demands of work and family. There were also many operational challenges such as a lack of COVID testing capacity, information, and consistent guidance and support, staffing and equipment. Understanding these challenges can facilitate goals to promote future safety, skill refinement, and enhanced resilience in the workforce.
BYSTANDER INTERVENTION AMONG DRINKING GAMERS Bystander Intervention Among College Student Drinking Gamers: Sexual Assault Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Intent to Intervene
Authors: Pazienza Rena , Martin Jessica L. , Wegner Rhiana , McAndrew Lisa M. , Carey Caitlyn , Blumenthal Heidemarie , Ham Lindsay S.
Published: March 2022

Heavy drinking and sexual assault warrant significant concern on U.S. college campuses as emerging evidence suggests that the risk for sexual victimization is amplified in the context of high-risk drinking behavior. Despite recent attention to sexual assault (e.g., MeToo Movement), rates of perpetration remain largely unchanged. In applying the bystander intervention framework, our understanding of the relation between key factors that may facilitate or prevent behavioral action, or when and how these factors are most salient, is limited. The present study examined whether bystander attitudes and bystander self-efficacy interact to predict bystander intent to intervene. Hypotheses were tested among college student drinking gamers, a group at particular risk for involvement in situations of sexual violence. Participants (N = 964) were traditional college-aged student drinking gamers recruited from three universities across the East and Southern Central United States. After controlling for Greek affiliation, prior intervention training and social desirability, hypotheses were partially supported. Higher rape supportive attitudes (rape myth acceptance) were negatively associated with bystander intent to intervene across all participants, but bystander self-efficacy significantly moderated the relation between bystander attitudes (rape myth acceptance) and bystander intent to intervene only among women college student drinking gamers. The interaction effect was not significant among men. For all participants, there was a significant relation between bystander self-efficacy and bystander intent to intervene such that as self-efficacy increases, bystander intent to intervene increases. The discussion addresses implications for sexual assault prevention programs on college campuses and directions for future research.
Intimate Partner Violence and Health Conditions Among U.S. Adults—National Intimate Partner Violence Survey, 2010–2012
Authors: Gilbert Leah K. , Zhang Xinjian , Basile Kathleen C. , Breiding Matthew , Kresnow Marcie-jo
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Few studies of intimate partner violence and health outcomes include multiple forms of intimate partner victimization, so this paper sought to examine health associations with intimate partner violence (IPV), including sexual, physical, stalking, and psychological forms, as well as polyvictimization.

Methods: Data are from the 2010-2012 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, an on-going national random-digit-dial telephone survey of U.S. adults. There were 41,174 respondents. Logistic regression was used to compute prevalence ratios for any IPV, adjusted for demographics and non-IPV victimization. For individual forms of IPV, prevalence ratios were further adjusted for other forms of IPV. Tests for linear trend in poly-victimization were performed.

Results: Any IPV was associated with all health conditions for both sexes with a few exceptions for males. Female penetrative sexual victimization and male stalking victimization were associated with the most health conditions. For each health condition, a significant linear trend indicated that as the number of forms of IPV experienced increased, prevalence of each health condition increased, with a few exceptions for males.

Conclusions: It is important for service providers to screen for multiple forms of IPV, including psychological aggression, because individual forms or polyvictimization may have unique and cumulative health effects.
Community Food Insecurity and Child Maltreatment Reports: County-Level Analysis of U.S. National Data From 2009 to 2018
Authors: Kim Hyunil , Gundersen Craig , Windsor Liliane
Published: March 2022

Current literature suggests that food insecurity increases child maltreatment risk. Yet, existing evidence is limited to individual-level associations among low-income, high-risk populations based on local, mostly urban data. This study aims to generalize prior findings to community-level associations in general populations, using national data including all urban-rural areas. We examined, for the first time, if food insecurity rates increase child maltreatment report (CMR) rates at the county level after controlling for potential confounders. We examined both within-community longitudinal changes (i.e., within-effects) and inter-community differences (i.e., between-effects) of food insecurity rates and their associations with CMR rates. We also examined differences by age, sex, race/ethnicity, maltreatment type, and urbanicity. We constructed longitudinal county-level data by linking multiple national databases, including all substantiated and unsubstantiated CMR records, the Map the Meal Gap’s community food insecurity estimates, and Census data. The data covered over 96% of U.S. counties from 2009 to 2018. For analysis, we used within-between random effects models. Regarding between-effects, we found that in inter-community comparisons, higher food insecurity rates were significantly associated with increased CMR rates. This association was consistent by age, sex, maltreatment type, and urbanicity. For within-effects, we found that the association between longitudinal changes of food insecurity rates and CMR rates significantly differed by urbanicity. Specifically, longitudinal increases of food insecurity rates significantly increased CMR rates among large urban counties, but not among small urban and rural counties. Study findings highlight the importance of conducting further research to better understand the mechanisms through which food insecurity impact child maltreatment at both individual and community levels. Our community-level findings from general populations especially have significant implications for community-based programs and large-scale policies to achieve population-level impact on child well-being.
Survivors’ Concerns During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Insights From the National Sexual Assault Online Hotline
Authors: Elliott Shannon A. , Bardwell Emma S. , Kamke Kristyn , Mullin Tara M. , Goodman Kimberly L.
Published: March 2022

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of stay-at-home orders in March 2020, experts warned of the possible threat of increased interpersonal violence among individuals isolated with abusers. Researchers have sought to understand how the pandemic impacted victims primarily through the analysis of administrative data sources, such as hospital and police records. However, the preponderance of this data shows a decrease in formal help-seeking among victims during the pandemic, speaking to an impaired access to services but limiting our understanding of other ways in which the pandemic has affected survivors. To overcome these limitations, we examined data collected about users of the National Sexual Assault Online Hotline (NSAOH). Information was collected through staff based on retrospective recall following one-on-one chat sessions with 470 victims of sexual violence who contacted the NSAOH in the first six months of the pandemic and discussed COVID-19-related concerns. We qualitatively examined open-ended descriptions of COVID-19-related concerns and identified the four most common: (1) mental health concerns, (2) creation or exacerbation of an unsafe living situation, (3) not being able to access services, and (4) not having access to a mandatory reporter or trusted adult. These findings demonstrate the myriad ways in which the pandemic affected the lives of victims of sexual violence and can inform practices for services and practitioners to best meet the needs of survivors moving forward. Specifically, these findings highlight the need for more accessible mental health services and funding for sexual assault service providers, as well as the importance of safety planning, particularly in times of crisis.
Exposure to an Anonymous Survivor Instagram Account is Linked to Institutional Betrayal Among Campus Sexual Misconduct Survivors
Authors: Hannan Susan M. , MacDonald Gillian
Published: March 2022

The main purpose of this study was to examine whether viewing an anonymous survivor social media (Instagram) account was linked to PTSD symptoms and institutional betrayal among campus sexual misconduct survivors. Data were collected from 259 undergraduate students (78.8% female; 79.2% White) who completed an online cross-sectional survey. Results demonstrated that 85 participants (32.8%) endorsed exposure to at least one unwanted sexual experience since coming to college. Of these trauma-exposed participants, 21 (24.7%) reported clinically elevated symptoms of PTSD secondary to the unwanted sexual experience. The average number of instances of institutional betrayal following the sexual trauma was 2.73 ( SD = 2.75), and institutional betrayal was positively correlated with PTSD symptoms ( r = .29, p = .008). An independent samples t-test showed that trauma-exposed participants who viewed an anonymous survivor Instagram account specific to their college reported higher institutional betrayal compared to trauma-exposed participants who did not view the account ( d = 1.55). Furthermore, frequent viewing of the Instagram account (i.e., at least once per week) was associated with the highest reported institutional betrayal ( d = .49). Whether or not trauma-exposed participants viewed the Instagram account did not appear to be associated with PTSD symptoms. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the associations among exposure to an anonymous survivor Instagram account, institutional betrayal, and PTSD symptoms. While further research is needed to understand the causal relationship among these variables, these results highlight the continued and urgent need of institutions of higher education to address campus sexual misconduct, in the form of reporting/adjudication processes and robust prevention programming.