bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward a pedagogy for faculty and student co-responsibility in curating college museum exhibitions
Authors: Rodgers Susan
Published: October 2014

When undergraduates work with college faculty on complex research projects, the students are often asked to take on the role of “secondary-level” gatherers of data. This can be legitimate: the students have no graduate training and the faculty mentor is more experienced in research design and analysis. This study, however, offers an alternative model for student/faculty joint research: a model for pedagogy on the arts in anthropology that fosters stronger degrees of student agency and “ownership” of a museum project. At issue was a college art gallery exhibition called “Transnational Ikat: An Asian Textile on the Move” co-curated by an anthropologist (the author) and undergraduates. Some institutions invite undergraduates to curate exhibitions via museum studies seminars. However, the model discussed here had more scope: the team did ethnographic fieldwork in Bali, then cowrote the exhibition website, and then led gallery tours. Co-ownership of the entire undertaking was fostered in all stages.
Theorizing Television’s Writer–Producer
Authors: Perren Alisa , Schatz Thomas
Published: October 2014

Alisa Perren and Thomas Schatz honor television studies scholar and former Peabody Director Horace Newcomb’s career. The authors illustrate how one of Newcomb’s less frequently cited books, The Producer’s Medium (coauthored with Robert Alley), expresses themes central to his larger body of work and serves as a groundbreaking study of American television, authorship, and industry in its own right. In addition, they illustrate key ways that the book might inspire contemporary investigations into convergent-era television.
No evidence of association between variant rs2075650 in lipid metabolism-related locus APOE/TOMM40 and advanced age-related macular degeneration in Han Chinese population
Authors: Kan Mengyuan , Weng Xiaoling , Wang Ting , Liu Fatao , Ye Junyi , Zhang Hong , Xu Mingqing , Zhou Daizhan , He Lin , Liu Yun
Published: October 2014

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a late-onset, neurodegenerative disease. Genes related to lipid metabolism are important in AMD pathogenesis. Recently, a variant rs2075650 located in lipid metabolism-related locus APOE/TOMM40 was identified to be associated with advanced AMD and early AMD, respectively, in two genome-wide association studies with European ancestry, while no association study between rs2075650 and overall advanced AMD in Chinese population has been conducted before. We evaluated the potential effect of this variant on advanced AMD in a Han Chinese cohort with 204 advanced AMD patients and 1536 healthy controls. The results suggested that rs2075650 was neither associated with advanced AMD in allele level ( P = 0.348) nor in genotype level ( P = 0.890 under additive model with age and sex adjusted). In conclusion, our study did not confirm the impact of rs2075650 on advanced AMD risk, indicating that rs2075650 is unlikely a superior marker for APOE/TOMM40 susceptible region with advanced AMD in Han Chinese population.
Matrix effects break the LC behavior rule for analytes in LC-MS/MS analysis of biological samples
Authors: Fang Nianbai , Yu Shanggong , Ronis Martin JJ , Badger Thomas M
Published: October 2014

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) are generally accepted as the preferred techniques for detecting and quantitating analytes of interest in biological matrices on the basis of the rule that one chemical compound yields one LC-peak with reliable retention time (Rt.). However, in the current study, we have found that under the same LC-MS conditions, the Rt. and shape of LC-peaks of bile acids in urine samples from animals fed dissimilar diets differed significantly among each other. To verify this matrix effect, 17 authentic bile acid standards were dissolved in pure methanol or in methanol containing extracts of urine from pigs consuming either breast milk or infant formula and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The matrix components in urine from piglets fed formula significantly reduced the LC-peak Rt. and areas of bile acids. This is the first characterization of this matrix effect on Rt. in the literature. Moreover, the matrix effect resulted in an unexpected LC behavior: one single compound yielded two LC-peaks, which broke the rule of one LC-peak for one compound. The three bile acid standards which exhibited this unconventional LC behavior were chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and glycocholic acid. One possible explanation for this effect is that some matrix components may have loosely bonded to analytes, which changed the time analytes were retained on a chromatography column and interfered with the ionization of analytes in the MS ion source to alter the peak area. This study indicates that a comprehensive understanding of matrix effects is needed towards improving the use of HPLC and LC-MS/MS techniques for qualitative and quantitative analyses of analytes in pharmacokinetics, proteomics/metabolomics, drug development, and sports drug testing, especially when LC-MS/MS data are analyzed by automation software where identification of an analyte is based on its exact molecular weight and Rt.
First step toward near-infrared continuous glucose monitoring: in vivo evaluation of antibody coupled biomaterials
Authors: Gellynck Karolien , Kodeck Valérie , Van De Walle Elke , Kersemans Ken , De Vos Filip , Declercq Heidi , Dubruel Peter , Vlaminck Lieven , Cornelissen Maria
Published: October 2014

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is crucial in diabetic care. Long-term CGM systems however require an accurate sensor as well as a suitable measuring environment. Since large intravenous sensors are not feasible, measuring inside the interstitial fluid is considered the best alternative. This option, unfortunately, has the drawback of a lag time with blood glucose values. A good strategy to circumvent this is to enhance tissue integration and enrich the peri-implant vasculature. Implants of different optically transparent biomaterials (poly(methyl-methacrylate) [PMMA] and poly(dimethylsiloxane) [PDMS]) – enabling glucose monitoring in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum – were surface-treated and subsequently implanted in goats at various implantation sites for up to 3 months. The overall in vivo biocompatibility, tissue integration, and vascularization at close proximity of the surfaces of these materials were assessed. Histological screening showed similar tissue reactions independent of the implantation site. No significant inflammation reaction was observed. Tissue integration and vascularization correlated, to some extent, with the biomaterial composition. A modification strategy, in which a vascular endothelial-cadherin antibody was coupled to the biomaterials surface through a dopamine layer, showed significantly enhanced vascularization 3 months after subcutaneous implantation. Our results suggest that the developed strategy enables the creation of tissue interactive NIR transparent packaging materials, opening the possibility of continuous glucose monitoring.
Salivary Protein Glycosylation as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Assessment of Glycemia
Authors: Rao Paturi V. , Laurie Amber , Bean Eric S. , Roberts Charles T. , Nagalla Srinivasa R.
Published: October 2014

Background:

Assessment of short-term glycemic control can facilitate monitoring of diabetes development in at-risk individuals and monitoring response to lifestyle modification or medication. We evaluated salivary protein glycosylation levels as a novel, noninvasive, short-term glycemic index in comparison to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fructosamine, 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Methods:

Ten subjects with type 2 diabetes were monitored by CGM and saliva and blood were collected at baseline and days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 for determination of salivary protein glycosylation, serum fructosamine, and serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels, as well as HbA1c (baseline and day 28). Weekly, 14-day, 21-day, and 28-day summary blood glucose measures from CGM were computed and matched to the time of each study visit.

Results:

Salivary protein glycosylation exhibited a moderate correlation with fructosamine ( r = .65) and 1,5-AG ( r = –.48) at baseline, and weak correlation with HbA1c ( r = .3).

Conclusions:

Salivary protein glycosylation exhibited a stronger correlation than fructosamine and 1,5-AG with 7-, 14-, and 21-day average BG ( r = .84, .84, and .69, respectively, vs –.37, –.28, and .00 [fructosamine] and .00, –.21, and –.57 [1,5-AG]), maximum BG ( r = .79, .76, and .53 vs –.09, –.21, and –.05 [fructosamine] and –.32, –.27, and –.52 [1,5-AG]), and percentage of time over 140 mg/dL ( r = .87, .79, and .59 vs –.26, –.32, and .07 [fructosamine] and –.04, –.10, and –.50 [1,5-AG]). Salivary protein glycosylation represents a promising noninvasive technology for monitoring short-term glycemic control.
Truth Will Out
Authors: Hilbig Benjamin E. , Moshagen Morten , Zettler Ingo
Published: October 2014

Individual differences in morality and honesty are inherently connected such that individuals more likely to engage in immoral behavior will typically be less likely to admit to it. Indeed, this is a central prediction of the Honesty-Humility (HH) factor of personality, recently proposed as part of the HEXACO Model of Personality (Honesty-Humility [H], Emotionality [E], Extraversion [X], Agreeablenes [A], Conscientiousness [C], and Openness to Experience [O]). However, this very link between morality and honesty necessarily limits the conclusiveness of typical investigations—especially those relying on self-report data for both constructs. Herein, we apply an indirect questioning technique to overcome such limitations and provide evidence for individual differences in trait honesty and morality in line with the HH factor of personality. Specifically, results show that individuals low in (self-reported) HH are indeed more likely to engage in immoral behavior although less likely to be upfront about it when directly questioned.
Good, Giving, and Game
Authors: Muise Amy , Impett Emily A.
Published: October 2014

In two dyadic studies (a short-term longitudinal study and a daily experience study), we demonstrate that people high in sexual communal strength (i.e., those motivated to meet a romantic partner’s sexual needs) have partners who are more satisfied with and committed to their relationships. In Study 1, people higher in sexual communal strength had partners who felt more satisfied and committed to the relationship both at that time and 3 weeks later. In Study 2, the partners of people high in sexual communal strength perceived their partners as more responsive to their needs during sex, and this was one reason why they reported feeling more satisfied and committed in the relationship. Implications for theories of communal motivation and approaches to sexuality in romantic relationships are discussed.
A Day in the Life of an Urban Emergency Department
Authors: Curoe Ann , Kralewski John , Savage Megan , Lindholm Beth
Published: October 2014

Importance: The annual number of patient visits to emergency departments (EDs) continues to increase. Patients seen in the ED for nonemergent conditions potentially increase the cost of health care and lead to overcrowding in EDs. Objective: To gain insights into the factors leading to nonemergent use of hospital EDs. Design, Setting, and Participants: During a 24-hour period, we interviewed 67 patients in an urban ED. A total of 232 patients were seen in the ED and the hospital provided all claims data. Intervention: None. Main Outcomes and Measures: Elicit and record patient-stated reasons for seeking care in the ED. Results: Interview results showed that 90% of patients had a primary care clinic although 23% of those clinics were not affiliated with the hospital. Of the 67 interviewed patients, 72% reported they came to the ED because their condition was an emergency, 79% had spoken to someone prior to going to the ED, but only 30% consulted medical personnel. Conclusions and Relevance: Patients did not go to the ED because they lacked a primary care clinic. Most patients did not discuss their condition with medical personnel prior to going to the ED. Informing patients of clinic and hospital affiliations may improve continuity of care and access to electronic health records.
The Impact of Processing Instruction on the Recognition and Production of English Derivational Affixes Among EFL Learners
Authors: Baleghizadeh Sasan , Saharkhiz Arash
Published: October 2014

In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of processing instruction (PI) as opposed to traditional deductive exercise-based intervention (TI) in teaching English derivational affixes. There was also a comparison non-intervention (NI) group, and the groups were posttested. To teach the target affixes via PI, new structured input tasks were developed. In all, 101 adult male and female lower-intermediate participants initially took part in the study, but this was later reduced to 71 as a result of the pretest, and so on. The results were analyzed through MANOVA and paired t test. In recognition, PI and TI outperformed non-intervention, while PI and TI did not outperform one another. In production, TI outperformed the other groups, while the other groups did not outperform one another. More studies must be carried out before drawing any conclusions about the transferability of PI to output activities for teaching derivational affixes. The students were also interviewed to survey their attitudes. Affectively, PI created self-confidence and an enjoyable atmosphere among the learners. Also cognitively, PI was the only group that satisfied the participants in their ability to recognize and produce derivational affixes. We found PI a highly effective and positive approach for teaching recognizing derivational affixes. We also believe it to possess a high potential for teaching their production, as it gave the participants a good sense of self-confidence for the production of the affixes.
Understanding the Role of Chaplains in Veteran Suicide Prevention Efforts
Authors: Kopacz Marek S. , O’Reilly Laurie M. , Van Inwagen Chris C. , Bleck-Doran Theodore L. , Smith William D. , Cornell Nancy
Published: October 2014

In recent years, identifying ways to mitigate the risk of suicidal behavior in Veteran populations has become a major public health challenge of special significance. This has included identifying support options that can be used by Veterans in times of distress or crisis. For example, Veterans at increased risk of suicide will sometimes voice complaints indicative of a need for spiritual and pastoral care support. At U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, such support is provided to Veterans by clinical chaplains. This discussion paper aims to present the contextual framework in which chaplaincy services are provided to Veterans at increased risk of suicide, better conceptualize the spiritual and pastoral care needs of at-risk Veterans who request chaplaincy services, and offer practical suggestions for framing the provision of spiritual and pastoral care services.
Using the Brief Resilience Scale to Assess Chinese People’s Ability to Bounce Back From Stress
Authors: Lai Julian C. L. , Yue Xiaodong
Published: October 2014

This study examined the utility of an adapted version of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) to measure Chinese undergraduates’ ability to bounce back from stress. The BRS together with measures tapping optimism, self-esteem, pessimism, and physical health were administered to 547 Hong Kong and 268 mainland Chinese undergraduates. The BRS was found to measure one single construct and exhibited convergent validity in both samples. Further analyses using a path analytic model showed that the BRS scores substantially mediated the link between the two positive traits (optimism and self-esteem) and physical health in the two samples. The results suggested that the BRS is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring Chinese undergraduates’ ability to bounce back from stress. The implications for further research related to resilience in Chinese people are discussed.
Postoperative Morbidity by Procedure and Patient Factors Influencing Major Complications Within 30 Days Following Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Shields Edward , Iannuzzi James C. , Thorsness Robert , Noyes Katia , Voloshin Ilya
Published: October 2014

Background:

Little data are available to prioritize quality improvement initiatives in shoulder surgery.

Purpose:

To stratify the risk for 30-day postoperative morbidity in commonly performed surgical procedures about the shoulder completed in a hospital setting and to determine patient factors associated with major complications.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This retrospective study utilized the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from the years 2005 to 2010. Using Current Procedural Terminology codes, the database was queried for shoulder cases that were divided into 7 groups: arthroscopy without repair; arthroscopy with repair; arthroplasty; clavicle/acromioclavicular joint (AC) open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)/repair; ORIF of proximal humeral fracture; open tendon release/repair; and open shoulder stabilization. The primary end point was any major complication, with secondary end points of incisional infection, return to the operating room, and venothromboembolism (VTE), all within 30 days of surgery.

Results:

Overall, 11,086 cases were analyzed. The overall major complication rate was 2.1% (n = 234). Factors associated with major complications on multivariate analysis included: procedure performed ( P < .001), emergency case ( P < .001), pulmonary comorbidity ( P < .001), preoperative blood transfusion ( P = .033), transfer from an outside institution ( P = .03), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score ( P = .006), wound class ( P < .001), dependent functional status ( P = .027), and age older than 60 years ( P = .01). After risk adjustment, open shoulder stabilization was associated with the greatest risk of major complications relative to arthroscopy without repair (odds ratio [OR], 5.56; P = .001), followed by ORIF of proximal humerus fracture (OR, 4.90; P < .001) and arthroplasty (OR, 4.40; P < .001). These 3 groups generated over 60% of all major complications. Open shoulder stabilization had the highest odds of reoperation (OR, 8.34; P < .001), while ORIF of proximal humerus fracture had the highest risk for VTE (OR, 6.47; P = .001) compared with the reference group of arthroscopy without repair.

Conclusion:

Multivariable analysis of the NSQIP database suggests that open shoulder stabilization, ORIF for proximal humerus fractures, and shoulder arthroplasty are associated with the highest risk of major complications within 30 days after shoulder surgery in a hospital setting. Age, functional status, ASA score, pulmonary comorbidity, emergency case, preoperative blood transfusion, and transfer from an outside institution are patient variables that significantly influence complication risk.
Incorporation of Cr, Mn and Ni into goethite (α-FeOOH): mechanism from extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy
Authors: Singh Balwant , Sherman D. M. , Gilkes R. J . , Wells M. A. , Mosselmans J . F. W.
Published: October 2014

The crystal-chemical mechanisms by which transition metals are associated with goethite are fundamental to our understanding of the solubility and bioavailability of micronutrients and heavy metals in soils, and in the formation of laterite ore deposits. Transition metals such as Cr, Mn and Ni may sorb onto goethite by forming surface precipitates, surface complexes or by replacing Fe3+ in the goethite structure. In the work reported here, we investigated the local coordination environment of Cr, Mn and Ni in synthetic goethite using EXAFS spectroscopy. We demonstrate the isomorphous substitution for Fe3+ by Cr3+ (up to 8 mol.%), Mn3+ (up to 15 mol.%) and Ni2+ (up to 5 mol.%). We find, however, that the next-nearest-neighbour coordination environment changes with composition. The perturbations are likely to be responsible for limiting the accommodation of Cr3+, Mn3+ or Ni2+ in the FeOOH structure.
Clinical and laboratory predictors of chronic immune thrombocytopenia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heitink-Pollé Katja M. J. , Nijsten Joyce , Boonacker Chantal W. B. , de Haas Masja , Bruin Marrie C. A.
Published: October 2014

Key Points

Older age, insidious onset, no preceding infection, mild bleeding, and higher platelet count are the strongest risk factors for chronic ITP. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment seems to protect against development of chronic ITP.
Epidemiology of incident immune thrombocytopenia: a nationwide population-based study in France
Authors: Moulis Guillaume , Palmaro Aurore , Montastruc Jean-Louis , Godeau Bertrand , Lapeyre-Mestre Maryse , Sailler Laurent
Published: October 2014

Key Points

Incidence of ITP was 2.9/100 000 person-years with age, seasonal, and regional variations; in adults, 18% were secondary. Severe (gastrointestinal or central nervous system) bleeding at ITP onset was rare (<1%); the risk increased with age.
Cell behaviour on a polyaniline nanoprotrusion structure surface
Authors: Nam Hyoryung , An Taechang , Lim Geunbae
Published: October 2014

The extracellular matrix provides mechanical support and affects cell behaviour. Nanoscale structures have been shown to have functions similar to the extracellular matrix. In this study, we fabricated nanoprotrusion structures with polyaniline as cell culture plates using a simple method and determined the effects of these nanoprotrusion structures on cells.
Methylomic profiling of human brain tissue supports a neurodevelopmental origin for schizophrenia
Authors: Pidsley Ruth , Viana Joana , Hannon Eilis , Spiers Helen , Troakes Claire , Al-Saraj Safa , Mechawar Naguib , Turecki Gustavo , Schalkwyk Leonard C , Bray Nicholas J , Mill Jonathan
Published: October 2014

Background

Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder that is hypothesized to result from disturbances in early brain development. There is mounting evidence to support a role for developmentally regulated epigenetic variation in the molecular etiology of the disorder. Here, we describe a systematic study of schizophrenia-associated methylomic variation in the adult brain and its relationship to changes in DNA methylation across human fetal brain development.

Results

We profile methylomic variation in matched prefrontal cortex and cerebellum brain tissue from schizophrenia patients and controls, identifying disease-associated differential DNA methylation at multiple loci, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, and confirming these differences in an independent set of adult brain samples. Our data reveal discrete modules of co-methylated loci associated with schizophrenia that are enriched for genes involved in neurodevelopmental processes and include loci implicated by genetic studies of the disorder. Methylomic data from human fetal cortex samples, spanning 23 to 184 days post-conception, indicates that schizophrenia-associated differentially methylated positions are significantly enriched for loci at which DNA methylation is dynamically altered during human fetal brain development.

Conclusions

Our data support the hypothesis that schizophrenia has an important early neurodevelopmental component, and suggest that epigenetic mechanisms may mediate these effects.
Tacrolimus ameliorates functional disturbances and oxidative stress in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction
Authors: Khorrami Arash , Hammami Mojtaba , Garjani Mehraveh , Maleki-Dizaji Nasrin , Garjani Alireza
Published: October 2014

Background

The inflammatory responses play a major role in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Early inhibition of inflammation may improve post MI cardiac function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tacrolimus on cardiac function, hemodynamic parameters as well as histopathologic and electrocardiographic changes in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of control, isoproterenol alone, tacrolimus alone, and isoproterenol plus tacrolimus (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg). Isoproterenol (100 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously for two consecutive days to induce myocardial infarction, and simultaneously tacrolimus was administered orally twice a day for three days.

Results and conclusions

Administration of isoproterenol resulted in myocardial edema and necrosis as well as a marked reduction in the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular contractility (LVdP/dtmax) and relaxation (LVdP/dtmin) along with a severe elevation in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Isoproterenol also elevated the ST-segment and suppressed the R-amplitude and R-R interval on ECG. It was found that all doses of tacrolimus could amend the ECG pattern and ameliorated the isoproterenol induced disturbances in cardiac function. Acute and short term treatment with tacrolimus at dose of 2 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.001) improved LVdP/dtmax from 2712 ± 82 in myocardial infarcted rats to 4592 ± 149 mmHg/sec. Similarly, tacrolimus lowered LVEDP from 17.6 ± 0.68 in MI group to the value of 5.6 ± 0.22 mmHg (P < 0.001). Furthermore, tacrolimus was found to reduce malondialdehyde concentration in serum and myocardium by 50-70% (P < 0.001).

The results of this study showed that acute treatment with tacrolimus, coincided with the occurrence of myocardial infarction, strongly protected the myocardium against the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction; where this might be due to the anti-inflammatory properties of tacrolimus.
Pre-clinical studies of bone regeneration with human bone marrow stromal cells and biphasic calcium phosphate
Authors: Brennan Meadhbh Á , Renaud Audrey , Amiaud Jérôme , Rojewski Markus T , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Heymann Dominique , Trichet Valerie , Layrolle Pierre
Published: October 2014

Introduction

Repair of large bone defects remains a significant clinical challenge. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), a subset of which is known as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, show therapeutic potential for bone regeneration. However, their isolation, expansion and implantation will need to be conducted under good manufacturing practices (GMP) at separate locations. An investigation which mimics this clinical scenario where large bone defects shall be regenerated is required before clinical trials can be initiated.

Methods

Seven batches of 100 million human ex-vivo expanded BMSCs from five donors were transported fresh in syringes from a GMP facility in Germany to France. BMSCs were mixed with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) biomaterial prior to subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. The capacity of BMSCs in unison with BCP to regenerate critical sized cranial bone defects was also evaluated. BMSCs expressing luciferase were used to assess the viability and bio-distribution of implanted cells. In situ hybridization, using the human-specific repetitive Alu sequence, was performed for the identification of human cells in explants.

Results

Eight weeks after implantation of BMSCs, mineralized bone containing mature bone marrow territories was formed in ectopic sites and in calvaria defects. Significant loss of cell viability was observed by bioluminescence imaging and only 1.5 percent of the initial number of transplanted cells remained after 37 days. After eight weeks, while explants were comprised primarily of host cells, there were also human cells attached along the periphery of BCP and embedded in osteocyte lacunae dispersed throughout the newly formed bone matrix.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of BMSC/BCP combinations and provides crucial information for the implementation of BMSC therapy for bone regeneration.
Ontogeny of melanophore photosensitivity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Chen Shyh-Chi , Robertson R. Meldrum , Hawryshyn Craig W.
Published: October 2014

Migratory species experience morphological and physiological changes during transitions between different life stages. In particular, modification of sensory systems is critical for animals to adapt to new environments. For example, to prepare for entry into seawater, salmonids undergo smoltification with dramatic changes in ultraviolet photoreceptors and polarized vision, which are important for orientation and foraging behaviours. Extraretinal organs are also involved in photoreception; however, the ontogenetic development of extraretinal photoreceptors is not well known, especially in migratory species. Here, we investigated whether rainbow trout dermal photoreceptors, melanophores, undergo change in spectral sensitivity during smoltification and which candidate molecules may account for this ontogenetic alteration. Our results showed that, contrary to parr melanophores which are insensitive to light, smolt melanophores displayed chromatic photoresponses with the emergence of cryptochrome and melanopsin expression. We suggest that these modifications may benefit the active foraging behaviour of smolts and enable adaptation to variable environments.
Acoustic Measurements and Correction of a Council Room
Authors: Iannace Gino , Trematerra Amelia
Published: October 2014

This paper presents the acoustic correction of a Council Room, with an original reverberation time of 1.0 kHz higher than 3.0 seconds and marble floors walls and ceiling in plaster smooth. The work was conducted in four phases: the first was the measurement of acoustic characteristics with the empty hall; the second phase was the identification of the soundproof material for the acoustic correction and the measurement of the absorption coefficients with the tube of “Kundt”; the third phase was the implementation of a numerical model with the software “Odeon” to choose the position of absorbent material and of the plaster surface to be coated; the latest phase, after the installation of soundproof panels, was the acoustic measurement to verify if the results of the acoustic measurements are equal to those one of the numerical model.
Performance Evaluation of Semi Precast Concrete Beam-Column Connections with U-Shaped Strands
Authors: Ha Sang-Su , Kim Seung-Hun , Lee Moon Sung , Moon Jeong-Ho
Published: October 2014

In this study, a new precast concrete (PC) beam-column joint of moment resisting frame applicable for moderate seismic regions is proposed. A semi PC beam-column connection with U-shaped strands is developed in an attempt to improve workability and provide effective stress transfer mechanism at the joint. The structural system consists of PC beams with U-shaped strands, PC columns, PC slabs, and topping concrete. A series of three interior and three exterior semi PC joint specimens was tested to investigate the structural behavior of the system subjected to the lateral cyclic load. Key test variables are the number of strands placed in the PC beam and the presence or absence of the transverse reinforcements at the connection. The experiment and performance evaluation of the system were conducted in accordance with ACI T1.1–01 (2001). According to the test results, the proposed structural system with transverse reinforcements at the joint is sufficient to use in moderate seismic regions.
Design and Experimental Investigations of a Vibration Based Wireless Measurement System for Bridge Cable Tension Monitoring
Authors: Yu Yan , Zhang Chunwei , Zhu Xinqun , Kang Won Hee , Mao Xingquan , Uy Brian
Published: October 2014

Cables are important components of a cable-stayed bridge, and the cable tension is a crucial factor in determining the overall condition assessment of a cable-stayed bridge structure. Based on the vibration frequency method, a wireless monitoring system for bridge cable tension force monitoring has been investigated and experimentally validated through laboratory and field tests in this paper. The vibration frequency-based method for cable tension measurement, the design method of the wireless measurement system with embedded identification algorithm, the test procedures, and relevant results are discussed, respectively. The developed wireless monitoring system is verified by a bridge model test in the laboratory and full-scale bridge tests in the field. Field experimental results show that the relative error between this wireless monitoring system and the reference wired system values is within 0.5%. Therefore, the developed wireless measurement system can provide an estimation of cable tension with sufficient accuracy. Moreover, the developed system is highly integrated and convenient in terms of installation and dismantling, and it has potential applicability prospects in emergency for the quick detection of cable tension.
Influence of Turbulence on MAV Roll Perturbations
Authors: Mohamed A. , Watkins S. , Clothier R. , Abdulrahim M.
Published: October 2014

There are significant challenges in the control of fixed-wing Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) in high turbulence environments. Birds can sustain stable flight in such environments by obtaining flow information through mechanoreceptors embedded in their wings. Inspired by nature's flyers, an investigation into replicating the function of mechanoreceptors with commercially available pressure sensors is presented. Implementation requires an in-depth understanding of the level of correlation that exists between pressure variations over the wing and the roll perturbation of the MAV. This paper investigates the variation in correlation and coherence along a representative wing-chord and wing-span of a MAV. Highest correlation and coherence is found to exist in the vicinity of the leading edge, with significant perturbations which are evident up to ∼35Hz for a 0.49m wingspan MAV.
Mechanisms of Complete Turbulence Suppression in Turbidity Currents Driven by Mono-Disperse and Bi-Disperse Suspensions of Sediment
Authors: Shringarpure Mrugesh S. , Cantero Mariano I. , Balachandar S.
Published: October 2014

Turbidity currents are submarine flows where the sediment fluid mixture (heavy current) drives along the sloping ocean floor displacing the surrounding clear fluid (light ambient). Under the influence of gravity, the suspended sediments drive the current and at the same time settle down on the ocean bed. The interplay of turbulent mixing and settling sediments leads to stable stratification of sediments in the turbidity current. In previous studies (Cantero et al. 2009b; Cantero et al., 2009a; Cantero et al., 2012a; Talling et al., 2007) it was observed that strong settling tendency (large sediment sizes) could cause complete turbulence suppression. In this study, we will analyse this process of complete turbulence suppression by means of direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbidity currents. In wall bounded unstratified flows, it has been long established that turbulence is sustained by the process of auto-generation of near-wall hairpin like and quasi-streamwise turbulent vortical structures. It was also identified that auto-generation is possible only when the strength of the turbulent structures is greater than a threshold value (Zhou et. al., 1996). Through quadrant analysis of Reynolds stress events and visualization of turbulent vortical structures, we observe that stratification by sediments lead to damping and spatial re-distribution of turbulent vortical structures in the flow. We propose that complete turbulence suppression is brought about by a total shutdown in the auto-generation process of the existing turbulent structures in the flow. We also identify three parameters – Reynolds number ( Reτ), Richardson number ( Riτ) and sediment settling velocity ( V˜z) that quantify the process of turbulence suppression. A criterion for complete turbulence suppression is also proposed which can be defined as a critical value for RiτV˜z. This critical value is a function of Ret and based on simulations, experiments and field observations it appears to have a logarithmic dependence on Reτ (Cantero et al. 2012). DNS of turbidity currents driven by bi-disperse suspension of sediments is also carried out and compared with the results of mono-disperse suspensions.
On the Development of High Order Realizable Schemes for the Eulerian Simulation of Disperse Phase Flows: A Convex-State Preserving Discontinuous Galerkin Method
Authors: Sabat Macole , Larat Adam , Vié Aymeric , Massot Marc
Published: October 2014

In the present work, a high order realizable scheme for the Eulerian simulation of disperse phase flows on unstructured grids is developed and tested. In the Eulerian modeling framework two approaches are studied: the monokinetic (MK) [1] and the Gaussian closures [2, 3]. The former leads to a pressureless gas dynamics system (PGD). It accurately reproduces the physics of such flows at low Stokes number, but is challenging for numerics since the resulting system is weakly hyperbolic. The latter deals with higher Stokes numbers by accounting for particle trajectory crossings (PTC) [4]. Compared to the MK closure, the resulting system of equation is hyperbolic but has a more complex structure; realizability conditions are satisfied at the continuous level, which imply a precise framework for numerical methods. To achieve the goals of accuracy, robustness and realizability, the Discontinuous Galerkin method (DG) is a promising numerical approach [5, 6, 7, 8]. Based on the recent work of Zhang et al. [6], the DG method used is associated to a convex projection strategy, which respects the realizability constraints without affecting the accuracy. The main contribution of this work is to apply one of the latest developments in the field of numerical methods (DG) to physical models, taking into account the free transport and drag terms of the disperse phase flow, which are the building blocks for the Eulerian modeling based on moment methods. DG results are eventually compared qualitatively and quantitatively to the Lagrangian results and to the reference simulations provided by a second order structured MUSCL/HLL finite volume scheme [9, 3]. Through these comparisons, the DG method is shown to be competitive for the description of such flows.
Numerical Study on Mass Transfer of a Vapor Bubble Rising in Very High Viscous Fluid
Authors: Kunugi T. , Ose Y. , Enomoto T. , Urata S.
Published: October 2014

This study focused on a bubble rising behavior in a molten glass because it is important to improve the efficiency of removal of bubbles from the molten glass. On the other hand, it is expected that some gas species which exists in a bubble are transferred into the molten glass through the bubble interface, i.e., the mass transfer, subsequently, it may cause a bubble contraction in the molten glass. In this paper, in order to understand the bubble rising behavior with its contraction caused by the mass transfer through the bubble interface in the very high viscous fluid such as the molten glass, a bubble contraction model has been developed. The direct numerical simulations based on the MARS (Multi-interface Advection and Reconstruction Solver) coupled with the mass transfer equation and the bubble contraction model regarding the mass transfer from the rising bubble in very high viscous fluid have been performed. Here, the working fluids were water vapor as the gas species and the molten glass as the very high viscous fluid. Also, the jump conditions at the bubble interface for the mass transfer were examined. Furthermore, the influence of the bubble contraction for the bubble rising compared to that in the water as a normal viscous fluid was investigated. From the result of the numerical simulations, it was found that the bubble rising behavior was strongly affected not only by the viscosity of the working fluid but also by the bubble contraction due to the mass transfer through the bubble interface.
Numerical Simulation of Bubble Formation and Transport in Cross-Flowing Streams
Authors: Wielhorski Yanneck , Abdelwahed Amine Ben , Arquis Eric , Glockner Stéphane , Bréard Joël
Published: October 2014

Numerical simulations on confined bubble trains formed by cross-flowing streams are carried out with the numerical code THETIS which is based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method and has been developed for two phase flow studies and especially for a gas-liquid system. The surface tension force, which needs particular attention in order to determine the shape of the interface accurately, is computed using the Continuum Surface Force model (CSF). Through the coupling of a VOF-PLIC technique (Piecewise-Linear Interface Calculation) and a smoothing function of adjustable thickness, the Smooth Volume of Fluid technique (SVOF) is intended to capture accurately strong interface distortion, rupture or reconnection with large density and viscosity contrasts between phases. This approach is extended by using the regular VOF-PLIC technique, while applying a smoothing procedure affecting both physical characteristics averaging and surface tension modeling. The front-capturing strategy is extended to gas injection. We begin by introducing the main physical phenomena occurring during bubble formation in microfluidic systems. Then, an experimental study performed in a cylindrical T-junction for different wetting behaviors is presented. For the wetting configuration, Cartesian 2D numerical simulations concerning the gas-liquid bubble production performed in a T-junction with rectangular, planar cross sections are shown and compared with experimental measurements. Finally, the results obtained of bubble break-up mechanism, shape, transport and pressure drop along the channel will be presented, discussed and compared to some experimental and numerical outcomes given in the literature.
Concepts of CDIO Standards and Education Management Standards in Teaching Engineering Programs
Authors: ������  , Redko S. , ������  , Shadrin A.
Published: October 2014

The article surveys peculiarities of CDIO � an international framework forengineering programs based on twelve standards of education institutions

activity:the context, learning outcomes, integrated curriculum, introduction to engineering, design-implement experiences, engineering workspaces,

integrated learning experiences, active learning, enhancement of faculty CDIO competence, enhancement of faculty teaching competence, CDIO learning

assessment, CDIO program evaluation.

The concept is proven to have common purpose with well-known IWA 2 concept and GOST R 52614.2 � internationaland Russian national standards of

education. Key aspects of these standards are evaluated: structures of specified standards are comparable to typical structure of international management

standards; CDIO standards specify methods and processes of engineering school.

Combined application of CDIO standards and GOST R 52614.2 for engineering education in Russian colleges is recommended.
Algorithmic Approach for Improved Mixed-Integer Reformulations of Convex Generalized Disjunctive Programs
Authors: Trespalacios Francisco , Grossmann Ignacio E.
Published: October 2014

In this work, we propose an algorithmic approach to improve mixed-integer models that are originally formulated as convex generalized disjunctive programs (GDPs). The algorithm seeks to obtain an improved continuous relaxation of the mixed-integer linear and mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MILP/MINLP) model reformulation of the GDP while limiting the growth in the problem size. There are three main stages that form the basis of the algorithm. The first one is a presolve, consequence of the logic nature of GDP, which allows us to reduce the problem size, find good relaxation bounds, and identify properties that help us determine where to apply a basic step. The second stage is the iterative application of basic steps, selecting where to apply them and monitoring the improvement of the formulation. Finally, we use a hybrid reformulation of GDP that seeks to exploit both of the advantages attributed to the two common GDP-to-MILP/MINLP transformations, the Big-M, and the Hull reformulation. We illustrate the application of this algorithm with several examples. The results show the improvement in the problem formulations by generating models with improved relaxed solutions and relatively small growth of continuous variables and constraints. The algorithm generally leads to reduction in the solution times.
Damage by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis to seedlings of two native and five introduced tree species in Sweden
Authors: Wallertz Kristina , Nordenhem Henrik , Nordlander Göran
Published: October 2014

There is increasing interest in using introduced species in Swedish forestry in response to climate change, but it is important to assess their resistance to native pests. Thus, we compared the extent of pine weevil feeding on two dominant native conifers, Scots pine ( L.) and Norway spruce ( (L.) Karst.), the non-host deciduous broadleaf hybrid aspen ( Ã HÃ¤met-Ahti) and four introduced conifers: Douglas fir ( (Mirb.) Franco), hybrid larch ( Ã Coaz), Sitka spruce ( (Bong.) CarriÃ©re) and lodgepole pine ( Douglas ex Loudon). The extent of feeding damage on seedlings and its effect on their vitality were examined in a field study in south-central Sweden and a laboratory experiment, which gave largely consistent results. Generally, the species most heavily attacked by the pine weevil, in both experiments, were Douglas fir and Sitka spruce. In the field experiment pine weevils killed or severely damaged significantly higher proportions of Douglas fir and Sitka spruce seedlings (60%) than any other species except Norway spruce (49%). Among conifer seedlings the proportions of killed or severely damaged seedlings were lowest for Scots pine and hybrid larch (27%) and Lodgepole pine (36%). The results indicate that most conifer species planted on young clear-cuttings in Sweden need some kind of pine weevil protection, and the possibility that introducing new tree species might increase damage caused by pests must be considered. For instance, widespread use of hybrid aspen could reduce damage by pine weevils, but increase damage by other, untested pests or pathogens.Pinus sylvestrisPicea abiesPopuluswettsteiniiPseudotsuga menziesiiLarixmarschlinsiiPicea sitchensisPinus contorta
Vicugna habitat use and interactions with domestic ungulates in Jujuy, Northwest Argentina
Authors: Arzamendia Yanina , Vilá Bibiana
Published: October 2014

Worldwide vicugna numbers are slowly recovering after the implementation of conservation measures in several areas of the Andean Puna. Amongst some communities, vicugnas are sustainably managed through captures, shearing, and release schemes. In this study, we explored habitat use and interactions between vicugnas and domestic livestock in Jujuy, Northwest Argentina. We measured the habitat selectivity of vicugna by evaluating the relationship between the availability and its use of vegetation. We estimated the extent and overlap of habitat niche, as well as the foraging effort of vicugnas on the basis of their individual behaviour. Vicugnas and domestic livestock were highly selective in their use of land. They also had similar foraging preferences, grazing rather on the mixed steppe grasses and grasslands that offered greater grass cover. The distribution of vicugna in relation to domestic animals differed according to species and density. With mean density of llamas, vicugnas showed mixed herds but with any other livestock and greater densities, they were segregated. In mixed grazing, when vicugnas engaged with llamas, no behavioural interaction or competition was observed. The presence of herders with dogs was the main stress factor for vicugnas. Here we discuss the importance of a multi-specific management approach.