bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUMBANGAN STUDI AL-QUR'AN BAGI KEILMUAN ISLAM DAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Fikri Abdun , Arif Mahmud
Published: August 2021

Science and technology, especially modern technology, are changing at a very fast pace, while religious movements are very slow, because religion and technology are not in sync. In the Encyclopedia of Religions and Philosophy, it is explained that Islam is the religion of Allah, and he ordered Allah to teach the principles and rules of the Prophet Muhammad. And commissioned him to convey religion to all mankind by inviting them to accept it. One of the distinguishing features of Islam is its emphasis on knowledge. The Qur'an and Sunnah invite Muslims to seek and acquire knowledge and wisdom, and place great importance on those who are knowledgeable. If we look at the verses in the Qur'an about the command to seek knowledge, then we will find that the commandment is universal, especially in the science called religious knowledge. The Qur'an emphasizes whether knowledge is beneficial or not. The criterion of useful knowledge is to approach the knowledge of the Creator as a form of devotion to Him. The encounter between Muslims and the modern world gave birth to various schools of thought, such as the Salaf school with the motto "Back to the Qur'an and Hadith" and the Tajid school with the motto "Forward with the Qur'an". recommends Reformation, as long as it does not castrate the true teachings of Islam, but strengthens, elevates and elevates the dignity of Muslims before the whole world.
ترجيح اسباب النزول في جامع البيان عن تاويل اى القران للطبري في ضوء سورة الإخلاص
Authors: Boihaqi Boihaqi
Published: August 2021

Praises be to Allah who created causality events and revealed the miraculous Holy Quran in which wisdom and good tidings are rewarded. Peace and salutation be upon Prophet Muhammad SAW, the noble human being amongst all. Exegesis is an exalted field of sciences which functions to decipher Quranic verses and clarify sharia sciences related thereto, it is infact often be seen as references to any other field of sciences. Hence, the early exegesis scholars had put enormous effort in order to decipher the meaning of Quran and they bequeath tafseer to their future successors which contained compilations of hadith, the saying of His companion and tabiâ€™in. Also, the scholars had made every effort to improve human comprehension of Quran. Among all the noted exegesis scholars was Ibnu Jarir Atthabary who wrote â€œJamiâ€™al Bayan Taâ€™wil Al-Quranâ€ which used distinctive method to decipher Quran. For instance, when interpreting Quranic verses, he said, â€œthe following is the Quranic interpretationâ€¦â€, and he vowed that the tafseer are results of sanad up to a Prophetâ€™s companion or Successors, which called tafseer bilmaâ€™sur. Furthermore, when there were dispute about the meaning of Quranic Verses, he quoted various opinions, sanad, and references. Then, he would explain the most acceptable argumentation amongst all, viewed them semantically if needed, and also vowed likewise.
This method, along with other Islamic theorems, was also used in deducing regulation/law (istimbath). The tafseer of Ibnu Jarir are invaluable reference for exegesis scholars. For this reason, the writer was interested in conducting discussions on â€œThe Background of Quranic Revelation Based on Atthabaryâ€™s Jamiâ€™al Bayan Taâ€™wilayat Al Quran and the Tafseerâ€™s Influences in Analyzing Most Righteous Argumentation (A study on Quranic Verses Al Ikhlash)â€. This study is a comprehensive causative study which especially discusses the contradictory argumentation in interpreting Quranic verses which has revelation background. As a matter of fact, the important findings highlighted of this research were Ibnu Jarir Atthabari is an obidient human being who mastered various branches of science related to his curriculum and was not a adhered to any specified realms. Moreover, his tafseer contains a lot of beneficial sciences for those who seek for knowledge.  Finally, it is only to Allah, the writer raised his hands for help, protection, and success. Praises be to Allah for His mercy which pours all the goodness amongs us.
PERSPEKTIF IMAM AL-QURTHUBI DALAM PENAFSIRAN SURAT AL-MAIDAH AYAT 89 TENTANG KIFARAT YAMIN
Authors: Masykar Tabsyir
Published: August 2021

Yamin or Oath is swearing a speech to convince others of his words by mentioning the name of Allah swt. There are so many among the Islamic community that they take the oath easily, but they do not care about the effect on the oath they have taken. So that some of them break the oath a lot without knowing what kifarat to do when they break the oath. The author intends to examine the interpretation of the kifarat oath and the procedures for carrying out the kifarat oath in surah al-maidah verse 89 which is mentioned in the book Al-jami 'Fi Ahkam Al-Qur'an by Imam Al Qurtubi. This study uses a descriptive methodology of analysis of the results of the literature review. The results of this study found that Imam Al-Qurtubi in his interpretation mentioned an oath that caused a kifarat and an oath that did not cause a kifarat. There are at least four types of oath models with various models of procedures for carrying out the oath.
KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN SEBAGAI SUATU KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK: SUATU ANALISIS TERHADAP KEKHUSUSAN KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN DI ACEH
Authors: RD Amirul Haq
Published: August 2021

Abstrak: Pendidikan merupakan salah satu usaha sadar untuk menciptakan Sumber Daya Manusia yang berkualitas, guna melahirkan Sumber Daya Manusia yang berintelektual dan bermoral maka dibutukan pula suatu kebijakan pendidikan yang mengatur sistem pendidikan, sebagai parameter dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif menyangkut tentang studi kebijakan publik terhadap kekhususan kebijakan pendidikan Aceh. Studi kebijakan publik dalam penelitian ini dimaksud untuk mengeksplorasi berbagai tindakan yang dilakukan pemerintah, untuk kepentingan siapa, dan bagaimana hasil, akibat dan dampaknya. Adapun subjek penelitian ini diambil dengan cara purposive sampling, dengan metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui 3 (tiga) macam cara yaitu; 1) observasi; 2) wawancara; dan 3) dokumentasi yaitu menganalisis isi kebijakan (content analysis), mengkaji dokumen-dokumen berupa kategori administratif maupun substantif, diantaranya berupa berbagai bentuk kertas kerja hingga naskah akademik suatu kebijakan pendidikan di Aceh. Setelah rangkaian data terkumpul, selanjutnya dilakukan pula analisis data dengan 4 (empat) tahap dan prosedur pengolahan data yaitu: 1) pemilahan/penyusunan klasifikasi data, 2) penyuntingan data, 3) konfirmasi/verifikasi/pendalaman data, dan 4) analisis data sesuai dengan konstruksi pembahasan hasil penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Aceh telah merumuskan suatu kebijakan publik tentang pendidikan di Aceh yaitu Qanun Aceh Nomor 11 Tahun 2014 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan, dan Qanun Aceh Nomor 9 Tahun 2015 tentang Perubahan Atas Qanun Aceh Nomor 11 Tahun 2014 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan, alasan utama dilakukan perumusan kebijakan khusus pendidikan Aceh diantaranya ialah sebagai bentuk implementasi dari Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintah Aceh. Melalui kebijakan yang telah dirumuskan berdasarkan Qanun Aceh itu pula, Pemerintah Aceh sangat menghendaki agar sistem pendidikan dikembangkan dengan menekankan pola Sistem Pendidikan Islami atau Sistem Pendidikan Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Islami (penekanannya pada penanaman nilai-nilai Islami dan pengembangan budaya islami).
Modelling of beyond budgeting, competitor accounting, transparency, competitive advantage, and organizational performance: The case of Indonesia SMEs
Authors: Harbi Valdiansyah Riyan , Augustine Yvonne
Published: August 2021

SMEs are the backbone in driving the Indonesian economy and play an essential role in creating jobs throughout Indonesia. Indonesian SMEs are the key to designing inclusive development through the merger of large & small businesses so that economic equity can touch all levels of society. This study examines several factors of Indonesian SMEs' organizational performance, such as beyond budgeting, competitor accounting, and transparency through competitive advantage. This research was conducted by distributing online questionnaires to business owners, financial managers, or financial supervisors of SMEs in Indonesia spread across six islands. A total of 155 questionnaires were obtained in this study and analysed by SMART PLS 3.2.9. The results show that beyond budgeting and transparency influence competitive advantage, while competitor accounting does not. Other results show that competitor accounting, transparency, and competitive advantage influence business performance, while beyond budgeting does not. Path analysis in this study shows that competitive advantage mediates beyond budgeting and transparency, while competitor accounting is not mediated. Researchers are aware that this study has limitations in data dissemination and was distributed during the COVID-19 pandemic conditions, which allowed for differences in results with other similar studies. Hopefully, with this research that practitioners will be able to provide other views beyond budgeting, competitor analysis, and the side of transparency for Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia. Policymakers can encourage SMEs to be more innovative and responsive to science through programs to increase business scale, considering the contribution of SMEs to Indonesia's gross domestic product.  Further research is expected to analyze more deeply what factors affect the competitive advantage and organizational performance of small and medium enterprises, such as the availability of working capital, SME access to banks, how digitalization plays a role, etc.
Optimism and dispositional hope to promote college students’ subjective well-being in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Genç Emel , Arslan Gökmen
Published: August 2021

Coronavirus stress with the restrictions and unexpected life changes has affected individuals and their satisfaction with life. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of optimism and hope on the relationship between coronavirus stress and subjective wellbeing among young adults in Turkey. A sample of 331 (M= 20.86 and 64% females) college students participated in this study. The results demonstrated that coronavirus stress was negatively associated with the college students’ sense of hope and optimism. Moreover, coronavirus stress had an indirect effect on subjective well-being through optimism and hope. Optimism and hope mitigated the adverse impacts of stress on well-being during the pandemic. These results indicated that young adults with a high level of stress due to coronavirus have lower optimism and hope, which in turn have less subjective well-being. The study findings hence highlight that being hopeful and optimistic are the potential resources to explain how coronavirus stress is related to subjective well-being.
LA SIMPLIFICACIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA EN EL DERECHO COMPARADO: EL EJEMPLO DE PORTUGAL. ELEMENTOS EXPORTABLES PARA UNA CONSTRUCCIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DEL PROCEDIMIENTO ADMINISTRATIVO DESDE LA SIMPLIFICACIÓN
Authors: MORA RUIZ MANUELA
Published: August 2021

La simplificación administrativa constituye un principio clave en
los procesos de reforma y/o modernización del Derecho Administrativo que se están
planteando en la actualidad. Los instrumentos de simplificación administrativa
se están impulsando desde organizaciones internacionales, y están siendo acogidos
de manera diversa en los países de nuestro entorno, proyectándose directamente
sobre el procedimiento administrativo. Este Trabajo pretende un estudio
de Derecho Comparado en torno a la incorporación de la simplificación administrativa
en Portugal. Desde esta perspectiva, el Ordenamiento administrativo portugués
puede considerarse un referente tanto en el diseño de una auténtica política
de simplificación administrativa, como en la positivación de sus técnicas a través
del procedimiento administrativo, poniendo de manifiesto la idoneidad de esta
Institución para reflejar cambios fundamentales del Derecho Administrativo.

Administrazio Zuzenbidea erreformatzeko eta/edo modernizatzeko
abian diren prozesuek dauzkaten printzipioen artean, Administrazioa sinplifikatzean
datzana funtsezkoa da. Nazioarteko erakundeak Administrazioa sinplifikatzeko
tresnak bultzatzen ari dira, eta gure inguruko herrialdeak hainbat modutara
ari dira printzipio hori aplikatzen, administrazio-prozeduran zuzenean txertatuta.
Lan honetako azterketa Zuzenbide konparatuan oinarritzen da, Portugalen administrazio-
sinplifikazioa zer-nola txertatu duten begiratuz. Ikuspegi horretatik,
Portugaleko ordenamendu administratiboa erreferente gisa har daiteke, bai administrazioa
sinplifikatzeko egiazko politika diseinatzeagatik, bai administrazio-prozeduraren
bidez teknikak positibatzeagatik, agerian jarriz erakunde hori oso egokia
dela Administrazio Zuzenbidearen funtsezko aldaketak islatzeko.

Administrative simplification is one of the keys of the process of
modernization of Administrative Law nowadays. The simplification techniques
and instruments are taking place in administrative procedure because of the International
Organizations¿ interest and the resultant implementation process is
different from one country to another. Therefore, this Paper aims to present a
comparative study of the Portuguese Administrative Law regarding the bases and
instruments of administrative simplification, so that Portugal can be considered as
a reference in order to design a public policy of simplification and to incorporate
its techniques in administrative procedure. From this point of view, we should remark
how administrative procedure is a basic institution to reflect the changes of
Administrative Law with regard to the principle of administrative simplification.
PERCEIVED EFFECT OF COACHING AND MENTORING ON EMPLOYEE JOB PERFORMANCE AMONG ACADEMIC STAFF IN UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ADEOGUN S. O. , ABIONA B. G. , ALABI O. S. , YILA J.
Published: August 2021

The study assessed the effect of coaching and monitoring on employees’ job performance among academic staff in University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used in obtaining data from ninety academic employees of Faculty of Agriculture University of Ibadan for the study. The data was analysed using Chi square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The mean age of the respondents was 51years while 66.3% were between ages 51-70 years, 52.3% were female and 50.2% were married. The average year of experience of the respondents was 18.1 years while majority (79.1%) of the respondents has obtained their PhD degree. On challenges facing coaching and mentoring, respondents identified mentee unwillingness to be mentored (x̅=2.84), and non conducive environment for coaching and mentoring (x̅=2.67) as the major constraints, while the least constraint was time and workload pressure (x̅=2.03). Many (62.1%) of the respondents have high job performance level. There was significant relationship between respondents’ marital status and job performance (P≤0.05). The study concluded that coaching and mentoring influence employees’ job performance positively among academic staff in academic institutions and recommended that provision of good work-environment for coaching and mentoring of academic staff should be provided by university management.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE, HAEMATOLOGY AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Clarias gariepinus JUVENILE FED CHICKEN EGG SHELLS AS REPLACEMENT FOR DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE
Authors: SOYINKA O. O. , SONEYE T. J.
Published: August 2021

The effects of substituting di-calcium phosphate (DCP.) with chicken egg shell (CES.) on the growth, haematology and biochemistry of Clarias gariepinus were investigated for ten weeks in a feeding experiment. One hundred and fifty juveniles of Clarias gariepinus were fed at varying inclusion levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% CES meals. Significant difference occurred (P < 0.05) in the mean weight gain (MWG) (35.54±5.69), average feed intake (AFI) (0.8029±0.0967) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) (1.48±0.18) of the fish, with the highest values in the fish fed 25%CES. while the lowest occurred at 75% substitution level.. In the haematological parameters, red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) levels were highest in the 50% CES. WBC values recorded in the fish fed with the test ingredients were significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the control. The biochemical analysis showed that the urea values observed in the fish fed with the test feed were significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the control with the highest value recorded in diet 50% CES. In conclusion, chicken egg shell could be substituted with di-calcium phosphate (DCP) up to 25% and or 50%level of substitution in Clarias gariepinus diet without any negative effects on the growth and feed efficiency.
MORPHOTAXONOMIC RE-CLASSIFICATION OF C. ANNUUM VAR. ACCUMINATUM FINGERH AS C. FRUTESCENS VAR. ACCUMINATUM
Authors: OYELAKIN A. S. , FAWIBE O. O. , OLABIYI D. O.
Published: August 2021

The taxonomic identities of some Capsicum varieties are somewhat controversial. This study is aimed at using morphological characters to ascertain the Capsicum species to which variety accuminatum belongs. The study was conducted at the Experimental Plot of the Department of Pure and Applied Botany, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (Latitude: 7.214952; Longitude: 3.437090) using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in 10 replicates. Quantitative and qualitative characters were evaluated through measurements and visual observation respectively. Data were analyzed using Statistical Analysis Systems version 9.2 and Duncan's Multiple Range Test was used to separate means at p ˂ 0.05. The reults revealed erect growth habit, lanceolate leaf shape, pendant flower position, white corolla colour, obtuse fruit shape at pedicel, elongated fruit shape, and pointed fruit shape at blossom end on variety accuminatum as characteristic features of C. frutescens. Plant canopy width 103.41±(4.30) cm, number of branches per plant 24.70±(0.15), days to flowering 73±(0.21), fruit length 11.69±(0.07) cm and fruit width 5.78±(0.05) cm in variety accuminatum are closer to mean values in C. frutescens. This study showed that variety accuminatum is morphologically and evolutionary related to C. frutescens. Therefore, re-naming of C. annuum var. accuminatum is hereby suggested and proposed to be C. frutescens var. accuminatum.
ANNONA MURICATA LINN. ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT AMELIORATES REPRODUCTIVE COMPLICATIONS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR RATS
Authors: ADELEYE O. E. , ABOAJAH N. A. , ADELEYE A. I. , SOGEBI E. A.O. , MSHELBWALA F. M. , ADETOMIWA A. S. , OLUKUNLE J. O.
Published: August 2021

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and metabolic disorder of humans and animals characterized by hyperglycemia and low blood insulin levels or insensitivity of target organs to insulin and it’s a major health problem affecting patient’s quality of life due to its many complications. Infertility is one of the major secondary complications in diabetes. Although numerous drugs have been used for intervention studies on diabetes-induced infertility worldwide, there are currently no treatments for diabetes associated infertility in humans. This study was performed to investigate the effects of Annona muricata ethanolic leaf extract (AMELE) on fertility of male diabetic rats and levels of blood glucose. Twenty male Wistar rats (150-200g) were randomly distributed into 4 groups (n=5) treated thus: CTRL (control), DNT, DT1 and DT2 (diabetic, single intraperitoneal injection, streptozotocin, 60 mg/kg). Group DT1 and DT2 received AMELE orally at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg respectively daily for fourteen days. Data were analysed using ANOVA at α0.05. The animals were sacrificed after 2 weeks via thiopental injection and testicular weights were recorded. Fasting blood glucose was determined using a digital glucometer. Sperm count, motility, viability and morphology were assessed microscopically. Testes were histologically evaluated. The results showed that oral administration of AMELE at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg to diabetic male rats for fourteen days significantly decreased blood glucose level and also ameliorated diabetes-induced decreases in sperm functions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats.
KOBİ'LERDE ISO 9001 KALİTE YÖNETİM SİSTEMİ UYGULAMALARINDA KARŞILAŞILAN SORUNLARIN TESPİTİNE YÖNELİK KEŞİFSEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KARAKUŞ Güzide
Published: August 2021

Amaç: ISO 9001 Kalite Yönetim Sistemi (KYS) Standardı dünya genelinde en çok uygulanan standart olmakla birlikte sistemin etkin kullanımına ilişkin soru işaretleri varlığını korumaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, KOBİ’lerde ISO 9001 KYS uygulamalarında karşılaşılan sorunların tespit edilmesi ve etkin bir sistem yönetimi için gerekliliklerin belirlenmesidir.Yöntem: Çalışmada nitel araştırma tekniklerinden Açıklayıcı Çoklu Durum Analizi kullanılarak sorunun “nasıl” ve “neden”leri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bulgular: Gözlem, belge inceleme, görüşme ve raporlama aşamalarından oluşan uygulama süreci sonunda elde edilen bulgular, KOBİ’lerin en fazla risk yönetimi, insan kaynakları, eğitim, düzeltici faaliyet, uygun olmayan ürünün kontrolü ve iç denetim süreçlerinin uygulanmasında zorlandığını göstermiştir. ISO 9001 KYS’de karşılaşılan sorunların temel nedenleri ise yönetimin gerekli desteği sunmaması, çalışanların sisteme gösterdikleri direnç ve iş yoğunluğu nedeniyle kalite sistemine vakit ayrılamaması olarak belirlenmiştir.Özgünlük: Bu çalışmanın literatürdeki diğer çalışmalardan temel farkı, öncelikle nitel araştırma yöntemi ile algılardan öte durum ve düşüncelerin analiz edilmesidir. Ayrıca çalışmada KOBİ’lerin KYS uygulamalarında karşılaştıkları sorunlar, farklı tarafların (İşletme Kalite Temsilcileri, ISO 9001 KYS Belgelendirme Denetçisi) bakış açısıyla tespit edilmiştir. Literatürde birden çok bakış açısının değerlendirildiği bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır.
Observations of iodine monoxide over three summers at the Indian Antarctic bases of Bharati and Maitri
Authors: Mahajan Anoop S. , Biswas Mriganka S. , Beirle Steffen , Wagner Thomas , Schönhardt Anja , Benavent Nuria , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Iodine plays a vital role in oxidation chemistry over Antarctica, with past observations showing highly elevated levels of iodine oxide (IO) leading to severe depletion of boundary layer ozone in West Antarctica. Here, we present MAX-DOAS-based (multi-axis differential absorption spectroscopy) observations of IO over three summers (2015–2017) at the Indian Antarctic bases of Bharati and Maitri. IO was observed during all the campaigns with mixing ratios below 2 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) for the three summers, which are lower than the peak levels observed in West Antarctica. This suggests that sources in West Antarctica are different or stronger than sources of iodine compounds in East Antarctica, the nature of which is still uncertain. Vertical profiles estimated using a profile retrieval algorithm showed decreasing gradients with a peak in the lower boundary layer. The ground-based instrument retrieved vertical column densities (VCDs) were approximately a factor of 3 to 5 higher than the VCDs reported using satellite-based instruments, which is most likely related to the sensitivities of the measurement techniques. Air mass back-trajectory analysis failed to highlight a source region, with most of the air masses coming from coastal or continental regions. This study highlights the variation in iodine chemistry in different regions in Antarctica and the importance of a long-term dataset to validate models estimating the impacts of iodine chemistry.
The nano-scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (nSEMS) and its application to size distribution measurements of 1.5–25 nm particles
Authors: Kong Weimeng , Amanatidis Stavros , Mai Huajun , Kim Changhyuk , Schulze Benjamin C. , Huang Yuanlong , Lewis Gregory S. , Hering Susanne V. , Seinfeld John H. , Flagan Richard C.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Particle size measurement in the low nanometer regime is of great importance to the study of cloud condensation nuclei formation and to better understand aerosol–cloud interactions. Here we present the design, modeling, and experimental characterization of the nano-scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (nSEMS), a recently developed instrument that probes particle physical properties in the 1.5–25 nm range. The nSEMS consists of a novel differential mobility analyzer and a two-stage condensation particle counter (CPC). The mobility analyzer, a radial opposed-migration ion and aerosol classifier (ROMIAC), can classify nanometer-sized particles with minimal degradation of its resolution and diffusional losses. The ROMIAC operates on a dual high-voltage supply with fast polarity-switching capability to minimize sensitivity to variations in the chemical nature of the ions used to charge the aerosol. Particles transmitted through the mobility analyzer are measured using a two-stage CPC. They are first activated in a fast-mixing diethylene glycol (DEG) stage before being counted by a second detection stage, an ADI MAGIC™ water-based CPC. The transfer function of the integrated instrument is derived from both finite-element modeling and experimental characterization. The nSEMS performance has been evaluated during measurement of transient nucleation and growth events in the CLOUD atmospheric chamber at CERN. We show that the nSEMS can provide high-time- and size-resolution measurement of nanoparticles and can capture the critical aerosol dynamics of newly formed atmospheric particles. Using a soft x-ray bipolar ion source in a compact housing designed to optimize both nanoparticle charging and transmission efficiency as a charge conditioner, the nSEMS has enabled measurement of the contributions of both neutral and ion-mediated nucleation to new particle formation.
Temporal variability and driving factors of the carbonate system in the Aransas Ship Channel, TX, USA: a time series study
Authors: McCutcheon Melissa R. , Yao Hongming , Staryk Cory J. , Hu Xinping
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The coastal ocean is affected by an array of co-occurring biogeochemical and
anthropogenic processes, resulting in substantial heterogeneity in water
chemistry, including carbonate chemistry parameters such as pH and partial
pressure of CO2 (pCO2). To better understand coastal and estuarine
acidification and air-sea CO2 fluxes, it is important to study baseline
variability and driving factors of carbonate chemistry. Using both discrete
bottle sample collection (2014–2020) and hourly sensor measurements
(2016–2017), we explored temporal variability, from diel to interannual
scales, in the carbonate system (specifically pH and pCO2) at the
Aransas Ship Channel located in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Using other
co-located environmental sensors, we also explored the driving factors of
that variability. Both sampling methods demonstrated significant seasonal
variability at the location, with highest pH (lowest pCO2) in the winter
and lowest pH (highest pCO2) in the summer. Significant diel variability
was also evident from sensor data, but the time of day with elevated
pCO2 and depressed pH was not consistent across the entire monitoring
period, sometimes reversing from what would be expected from a biological
signal. Though seasonal and diel fluctuations were smaller than many other
areas previously studied, carbonate chemistry parameters were among the most
important environmental parameters for distinguishing between time of day and
between seasons. It is evident that temperature, biological activity,
freshwater inflow, and tide level (despite the small tidal range) are all
important controls on the system, with different controls dominating at
different timescales. The results suggest that the controlling factors of
the carbonate system may not be exerted equally on both pH and pCO2 on
diel timescales, causing separation of their diel or tidal relationships
during certain seasons. Despite known temporal variability on shorter
timescales, discrete sampling was generally representative of the average
carbonate system and average air-sea CO2 flux on a seasonal and annual
basis when compared with sensor data.
Adding organic matter to restore wetland soils may increase methane generation and is not needed for hydric soil development
Authors: Scott Brian , Baldwin Andrew , Yarwood Stephanie
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions are a potent contributor to global warming and wetlands can be a significant CH4 source. In a microcosm study we evaluated how the practice of amending soils with organic matter as part of wetland restoration projects may affect CH4 production potential. Organic amendments including hay, manure, biosolids and compost were evaluated at three different levels. Using 1-liter glass microcosms, we measured the production of biogenic gases over 60 days in two soils, a sandy loam (SL) and a sandy clay loam (SCL). Fresh organic amendments increased CH4 production, leading to potentially higher global warming potential and wetland C loss, particularly in sandy soils. Organic amendments increased biogenic gas production in two sequential steady state phases: Phase 1 produced some CH4 but was mostly carbon dioxide (CO2) followed by Phase 2, two to six weeks later, with much higher total gas and nearly equal amounts of CH4 and CO2. The CH4 from the SCL soil ranged from 0.003–0.8 cc/Kg/day in Phase 1 to 0.75–28 in Phase 2 and the SL range from 0.03–16 cc/Kg/day in Phase 1 to 1.8–64 in Phase 2. We had set out to identify an organic amendment that would promote iron (Fe) reduction without excess CH4, but amendments were not needed to produce Fe and make soils hydric. Adding fresh organic matter (hay) resulted in both excess Fe2+ and CH4 whereas composted amendments had little effect. The potential for excess methanogenesis should be taken into account when considering organic matter amendments in mitigation wetlands.
Evaluation of a Quasi-steady state approximation of the cloud Droplet Growth Equation (QDGE) scheme for aerosol activation in global models using multiple aircraft data over both continental and marine environments
Authors: Wang Hengqi , Peng Yiran , von Salzen Knut , Yang Yan , Zhou Wei , Zhao Delong
Published: August 2021

Abstract. This research introduces a numerically efficient aerosol activation scheme and evaluates it by using stratus and stratocumulus cloud data sampled during multiple aircraft campaigns in Canada, Chile, Brazil, and China. The scheme employs a Quasi-steady state approximation of the cloud Droplet Growth Equation (QDGE) to efficiently simulate aerosol activation, the vertical profile of supersaturation, and the activated cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) near the cloud base. We evaluate the QDGE scheme by specifying observed environmental thermodynamic variables and aerosol information from 31 cloud cases as input and comparing the simulated CDNC with cloud observations. The average of mean relative error of the simulated CDNC for cloud cases in each campaign ranges from 17.30 % in Brazil to 25.90 % in China, indicating that the QDGE scheme successfully reproduces observed variations in CDNC over a wide range of different meteorological conditions and aerosol regimes. Additionally, we carried out an error analysis by calculating the Maximum Information Coefficient (MIC) between the mean relative error (MRE) and input variables for the individual campaigns and all cloud cases. MIC values are then sorted by aerosol properties, pollution level, environmental humidity, and dynamic condition according to their relative importance to MRE . Based on the error analysis we found that the magnitude of MRE is more relevant to the specification of input aerosol pollution level in marine regions and aerosol hygroscopicity in continental regions than to other variables in the simulation.
Exploring the possible role of satellite-based rainfall data to estimate inter‐ and intra‐annual global rainfall erosivity
Authors: Bezak Nejc , Borrelli Pasquale , Panagos Panos
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Despite recent developments in modelling global soil erosion by water, to date no substantial progress has been made towards more dynamic inter- and intra-annual assessments. In this regard, the main challenge is still represented by the limited availability of high temporal resolution rainfall data needed to estimate rainstorms rainfall erosivity. As this data scarcity is likely to characterize the upcoming years, the suitability of alternative approaches to estimate global rainfall erosivity using satellite-based rainfall data was explored. For this purpose, the high spatial and temporal resolution global precipitation estimates obtained with the NOAA CDR Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique (CMORPH) were used. Alternatively, the erosivity density (ED) concept was used to estimate global rainfall erosivity as well. The obtained global estimates of rainfall erosivity were validated against the pluviograph data included in the Global Rainfall Erosivity Database (GloREDa). Overall, results indicated that the CMORPH estimates have a marked tendency to underestimate rainfall erosivity when compared to the GloREDa estimates. The most substantial underestimations were observed in areas with the highest rainfall erosivity values. At continental level, the best agreement between annual CMORPH and interpolated GloREDa rainfall erosivity map was observed in Europe. Worse agreement was detected for Africa and South America. Further analyses conducted at monthly scale for Europe revealed seasonal misalignments, with the occurrence of underestimation of the CMORPH estimates in the summer period and overestimation in the winter period compared to GloREDa. The best agreement between the two approaches to estimate rainfall erosivity was found for autumn, especially in Central and Eastern Europe. Conducted analysis suggested that satellite-based approaches for estimation of rainfall erosivity appear to be more suitable for low-erosivity regions, while in high erosivity regions and seasons (> 1,000–2,000 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 yr−1), the agreement with estimates obtained from pluviograph data such as GloREDa is lower. Concerning the ED estimates, this second approach to estimate rainfall erosivity yielded better agreement with GloREDa estimates compared to CMORPH. The application of a simple-linear function correction of the CMORPH data was applied to provide better fit to the GloREDa and correct systematic underestimation. This correction improved the performance of the CMORPH but in areas with the highest rainfall erosivity rates the underestimation was still observed. A preliminary trend analysis of the CMORPH rainfall erosivity estimates was also performed for the 1998–2019 period. According to this trend analysis, increasing and statistically significant trend was more frequently observed than decreasing trend.
Evidence for iceberg fertilization of the NW Atlantic
Authors: Bigg Grant Robert , Jutard Quentin , Marsh Robert
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Icebergs are known to have a significant fertilizing impact on primary productivity in the Southern Ocean, but this link is yet to be investigated in the Northern Hemisphere. This study combines sightings of icebergs with satellite-derived ocean colour data from 1998 to 2015, to seek such a relationship in the NW Atlantic. Despite the obscuring coincidence of the seasonal iceberg flux with the spring bloom of chlorophyll, it is shown that there is a large-scale, one-month-lagged regional correlation between iceberg flux and chlorophyll levels. In addition, a spatial time-lag analysis is consistent with the main cause for the iceberg-chlorophyll relationship being through advection of the nutrients entrained in iceberg meltwater. This leads to a delayed fertilization response of 2–4 weeks. There are a range of possible sources for the nutrients likely leading to this delayed response. The Northern Hemisphere impact of iceberg meltwater on primary production is much less pronounced than in the Southern Ocean, but it is discernible.
Self-reported oral health status and associated factors among Afghan refugees in Peshawar Pakistan; a pilot study
Authors: Qadir Syed Abdul , Muhammad Shahzad , Khattak Maria Ishaq , Khan Zohaib , Khan Muslim , Haq Zia Ul
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Afghan refugees in Pakistan is the third largest refugee community in the world. However, till date, information about their oral health and disease burden is very limited. The current is aimed to assess self-reported oral health status, practices, dental care access and associated factors among Afghan refugees in district Peshawar, Pakistan.
Material & Methods: This pilot, cross sectional study was conducted on 644 adult Afghan refugees residing in district Peshawar from June to September 2020. Socio-demographic characteristics and data on selfreported oral health status, oral hygiene habits and dental care access was collected using self-reported oral health questionnaire. Statistical tests were applied to determine association between self-reported oral health status and participants characteristics using SPSS.
Results: Of all the respondents, majority (79.3%) were Pashtun by ethnicity and 41.6% did not obtain any formal education. Nearly all (97.2%) of them reported cleaning their teeth regularly, at least once a day with tooth brush and tooth paste being the commonest cleansing agents. More than half participants (58.1%) rated their oral health good/very good and 68.0% were satisfied with their dental appearance. Tooth ache and sensitivity were the most commonly reported oral problems. 28.7% of the participants never visited dentist in their life. Most of the participants (82.6%) felt need of dental care in the past one year but could not get it due to financial constraints. Significant association were found between self-rated oral health and age, marital status, country of birth, formal education and dentist visit (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Afghan refugees in Pakistan have poor self-reported oral health status. Access to dental care and oral health promotion and educations programs are crucial to improve oral health of this vulnerable population.
Work related musculoskeletal disorders in physical therapists; a systematic review
Authors: Haleem Muhammad Hammad , Ali Ikram , Khan Savera , Jehangir Abdullah , Ullah Irfan
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Physical therapists are required to perform tasks that predispose them to developing work related musculoskeletal disorders. The physical therapists personal and professional life can be affected by work related musculoskeletal disorders. High level evidence is lacking regarding work related musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to combine information on prevalence, risk factors and the consequences of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in physical therapists.
Material & Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.Three members independently searched the databases PubMed and other online sources including google scholar for relevant data from July 2014 to September 2020. Cross-sectional studies published in English language which reported work related musculoskeletal disorders in physical therapists were included. Studies involving physical therapy students and internees, having insufficient information about past or current work-related musculoskeletal disorders, sample size of physical therapists less than 50 and not published in peer reviewed journals were excluded.
Results: Twenty one articles were included in current systematic review. The 1-year prevalence of workrelated musculoskeletal disorders among physical therapists ranged from 38.5% to 97.6%. The low back was the commonest affected body part. Treating large number of patients and manual therapy were the leading risk factors for developing work related musculoskeletal disorders. The most common consequences were modifying treatment techniques and reducing work hours.
Conclusion: Prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders are high among physical therapists. The nature of physical therapy job presents significant risk factors which can lead to work related musculoskeletal disorders.
Ethnofolkloric aspects of the Mehedinți area – vernacular architecture and ‘nedeia’ celebrations
Authors:   Institute for Socio-Human Researches „C. S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor”, Romania, Boangiu Gabriela
Published: August 2021

Mehedinţi County impresses with the specificity of its traditions, with its heritage that speaks of a time of peace and order, through a horizon full of special symbolism. The study is organized on two coordinates with the intention of briefly presenting the issues addressed. , On the one hand, the elements of ethnography of traditional housing will be analyzed, on the other hand, it is intended to present some aspects of authentic Romanian spirituality manifested in the area of Mehedinţi, that of the local ‘nedei’. Regarding the ethnographic aspects of the traditional house, an attempt will be made to create a typology of houses with vernacular architecture in Mehedinți County, as well as to mention their conservation and restoration actions in the conditions of contemporary research. Among the calendar customs specific to the area, the most spectacular are the ‘nedeile’, because they represent the meeting between an ancient pre-Christian substratum with certain holidays and / or church feasts, i. e. with the Christian religion. The distinction between fairs and ‘nedeile’ will be discussed extensively, bringing arguments selected from specialized bibliography. At the same time, the important role of the ‘Iron Gates’ Museum from Drobeta Turnu Severin will be mentioned in the conservation and patrimonialization of the material and immaterial culture specific to the Mehedinți ethnographic region.
Folic acid Supplementation on placental Interleukin-6 and offspring growth in prenatal stress mice model
Authors: Amalia Rize Budi , Prasetyo Budi , Jayanti Ratna Dwi , Wittiarika Ivon Diah , Widjiati Widjiati , Sulistyono Agus
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Stress during pregnancy affects physical and psychological change, resulting in wide range of mild to severe abnormalities including inflammation, abberant placentation, fetal growth defect, and the decrease quality of life in the fetus’ adulthood. Previous study showed that Folic Acid (FA) has the potential effect in the pregnant and fetus’ prosperities due to the protective properties in the embryogenesis. To that end, we created the stress mice model and treated with FA, assessment was obtained by the expression of IL-6 in placenta and birth weight observation to reflect the fetus quality. Methods: subjects were 21 pregnant mice (Mus musculus) that divided into three groups (n=7) comprised of normal pregnant mice, stress mice model, and stress mice model treated with FA groups. Stress induction started from gestational day (gd) 10 to gd-15 by chronic restrain stress and 379 lux bright light exposure each twice-a-day within 30 minutes to induce depressive and anxiety-like behaviours. Folic acid treatment was begun with the similar time with the stress induction by dose dependent 3 mg/kg bw/day once a day prior the stress induction. On gd-16, mice were euthanized and fetal weight was examined followed by placental tissue collection for immunochemistry staining. Results: Placental IL-6 expression were not statistically different in stressed pregnant-mice treated by folic acid (p=0.077). There was a significant difference in fetal weight (p= 0.0001). In addition, the expression of placental IL-6 was associated with fetal weight (p= 0.021). Conclusions: The FA treatment has the ability to increase the fetal birth weight but unable to decrease the IL-6 as the pro-inflammatory cytokine in stress-induced mice.
Antiulcer activity of Lagerstroemia indica leaves in Indomethacin Induced
Gastric Ulcer in Rats
Authors: Saini Sweety , Majee Chandana
Published: August 2021

Lagerstroemia indica, is a natural plant which have traditional use from the ancient medicine for the treatment of many diseases. The gastroprotective effect of methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia indica and the possible mechanisms used to investigated the ulcer activity through indomethacin-induced ulcer model. Method: male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: (normal control, n=6), (standard omeprazole group, n=6) and (extract group, n=6). Each of control, omeprazole and extract were administered orally to the rats daily for 21 days before the induction of ulcer with the help of indomethacin. On the 21 days indomethacin was administered with single oral dose (20mg/kg). Four hours later after the administration of indomethacin dose treatment, the rats were sacrificed and gastric tissue was taken for histopathological investigation for the calculation of pH, ulcer inhibition, ulcer index. The observation significantly increased (p < 0.01) value that reduced the ulcer by the treatment with Lagerstroemia indica. Result: The result indicates the antiulcer effect of the Lagerstroemia indica extracts showed significant effect during comparision with control and standard group. The data of study revealed that the extracts of Lagerstroemia indica proved to show control over the model of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration which gives potent activity against ulceration.
Formulation and in vitro Evaluation of Matrix tablets containing Repaglinide
Authors: Patil C.C. , Vekatesh J. , Karajgi S. R , Vitthal Vijapure , G. Ashwini , Jorapur P. N. , M. Chetan
Published: August 2021

The aim of this project was to develop sustained release matrix tablets of Repaglinide. Sustained release matrix tablets of Repaglinide were prepared by the wet granulation method using polymers like Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, Microcrystalline cellulose, Eudragit RS-100 in different ratios. The matrix tablets of Repaglinide were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, friability, drug content uniformity, and in-vitro drug release. In order to determine the drug release mechanisms and kinetics, the data was subjected to zero order, first order, and higuchi and peppas diffusion model. Twelve batches of sustained release matrix tablets of Repaglinide were developed. Among these formulations F4, F8 and F12 formulation showed satisfactory physicochemical properties and drug content uniformity and sustained release of drug for 12 hours with maximum release of 86.95%, 84.91% and 84.91%. The optimized formulations were characterized for Differential scanning calorimetric analysis; Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopic studies. IR spectroscopic studies indicated that there were no drug-excipient interactions. The prepared sustained release matrix tablets of Repaglinide were successfully developed and evaluated.
Echogenic bubbles: An new avenue for cancer therapy
Authors: Saripilli1 Rajeswari , Shirisha Pikkala
Published: August 2021

The development of micro and nanobubbles as theranostics is been an emerging trend in the 21st century. Ultrasound molecular imaging is a real-time non-invasive, cost-effective, promising non-viral tool, which is been widely used in the recent times. These micro and nanobubbles are marked as ultrasound agents for both diagnosis and targeting therapeutic agents. These are designed in order to obtain efficient drug delivery. Micro and nanobubbles are very much used for targeting drug and achieving site specific release. These are stable and have longer residence time in systemic circulation, finally shows efficient and promising drug delivery [1]. These echogenic bubbles are helpful for disease diagnosis and therapy more prominently when compared with other novel drug delivery systems. This review describes about functioning of micro and nanobubbles along with mechanism, preparation and studies which describes the works on micro and nanobubbles.