bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Shaped Like an Anchor"
Authors: Fink Marty
Published: November 2013

Looking to queer and trans cultural texts from DIY zines to classic queer literature to contemporary experimental cinema, this article considers how sailors represent boyhood as a trangressive embodiment that reworks masculinities and processes of representation. By locating the youthful transmasculine body as a representational norm, queer/trans films like Maggots and Men (2009) create spaces through which sailors reshape meanings assigned to maleness, boys, and men. A linked analysis of Micah Bazant’s self-published Timtum (1999) and James Baldwin’s Giovanni’s Room (1956) raises further questions about the signs and codes of sailors and postadolescent boyhood in opening up new embodiments for gender non-conforming adults. Investigating how trans sailors become icons of youthful nostalgia and queer masculinities, this paper also questions correlations between sailors and Whiteness, boyhood, colonialism, migration and race.
The Technocratic Momentum after 1945, the Development of Teaching Machines, and Sobering Results
Authors: Tröhler Daniel
Published: November 2013

This article investigates the development of new teaching ideologies in the context of the technocratic ideology of the Cold War. These ideologies did not simply vanish after 1989. The catchwords were “programmed instruction” and “teaching machines”, accompanied by the promise that all students would make efficient learning progress. Although Eastern and Western states fought the Cold War over political ideologies, their teaching ideologies (perhaps surprisingly) converged. This may explain why neither the apparent failure of these educational ideologies nor the end of the Cold War led to the modification of the ideologies themselves, but rather to the modification of devices serving the ideologies.
Impact of preoperative anemia on outcomes in patients undergoing elective cranial surgery
Authors: Alan Nima , Seicean Andreea , Seicean Sinziana , Neuhauser Duncan , Weil Robert J.
Published: November 2013

Object

The objective of this study was to assess whether preoperative anemia in patients undergoing elective cranial surgery influences outcomes in the immediate perioperative period (≤ 30 days).

Methods

The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) was used to identify 6576 patients undergoing elective cranial surgery between 2006 and 2011. Propensity scores were used to match patients with moderate to severe anemia (moderate-severe) or mild anemia with patients without anemia. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict the outcomes of interest. Sensitivity analyses were used to limit the sample to patients without perioperative transfusion as well as those who underwent craniotomy for definitive resection of a malignant brain tumor.

Results

A total of 6576 patients underwent elective cranial surgery, of whom 175 had moderate-severe anemia and 1868 had mild anemia. Patients with moderate-severe (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.8) and mild (odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.3–1.7) anemia were more likely to have prolonged length of stay (LOS) in the hospital compared to those with no anemia. Similarly, in patients who underwent craniotomy for a malignant tumor resection (n = 2537), anemia of any severity was associated with prolonged LOS, but not postoperative complications nor death.

Conclusions

Anemia is not associated with an overall increased risk for adverse outcomes in patients undergoing elective cranial surgery. However, patients with anemia are more likely to experience prolonged hospitalization postoperatively, resulting in increased resource utilization.
Delayed leptomeningeal and subependymal seeding after multiple surgeries for supratentorial diffuse low-grade gliomas in adults
Authors: Alvarez de Eulate-Beramendi Sayoa , Rigau Valérie , Taillandier Luc , Duffau Hugues
Published: November 2013

Object

Diffuse WHO Grade II glioma (diffuse low-grade glioma [DLGG]) is an infiltrative brain tumor that usually migrates along the white matter fibers. The delayed CSF dissemination of supratentorial DLGGs is an exceptional complication and is rarely described in adults. Here, the authors report outcomes in a surgical series of 9 patients with DLGGs with subsequent leptomeningeal and/or subependymal seeding (LMSS) following multiple incomplete resections.

Methods

The authors performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent surgery for histopathologically confirmed WHO Grade II gliomas between 1998 and 2012 and experienced a secondary CSF spread. Information regarding clinical features, surgical procedures, histopathological results, adjuvant treatment, and clinical outcomes was collected and analyzed.

Results

Nine consecutive patients were included in this study. There were 6 men and 3 women whose mean age was 35.5 years (range 22–59 years) at the time of initial symptom onset. All patients underwent surgery with the aid of intraoperative mapping, with incomplete tumor removal because of invasion of eloquent structures. The neuropathological examination diagnosed a DLGG in all cases (7 oligodendrogliomas, 1 astrocytoma, and 1 oligoastrocytoma). Five patients had a 1p19q codeletion. Because of tumor regrowth, the 9 patients underwent reoperation (2 surgeries in 6 cases and 3 surgeries in 3 cases), again with incomplete resection. There were no surgical complications. Adjuvant therapy (radiotherapy and chemotherapy) was administered in all patients because of progression to a higher grade of malignancy that was histopathologically confirmed in all tumors. The patients suddenly worsened, and the diagnosis of LMSS was made with a mean delay of 77 months (range 27–140 months) after the initial symptom onset. Six patients benefited from salvage chemotherapy while palliative care was chosen in 3 cases. The median survival in the 6 patients who underwent LMSS treatment was significantly longer than that in the 3 patients who did not receive salvage chemotherapy (p = 0.03). Indeed, all patients died, with a mean delay between the diagnosis of LMSS and death of 11 months (range 2–38 months) and with a mean delay between the initial symptom onset and death of 88 months (range 34–144 months).

Conclusions

Cerebrospinal fluid dissemination of DLGG is a rare but possible event. It can occur throughout the progression of WHO Grade II oligodendrogliomas, oligoastrocytomas, and astrocytomas, regardless of 1p19q status. This complication seems to appear in patients who have undergone multiple incomplete resections. Salvage therapy can be considered in patients with good neurological status. However, LMSS is associated with a decreased overall survival. Therefore, this rare entity deserves further multicenter studies to better understand its pathophysiology and to adapt therapeutic strategies.
Bypass surgery for complex middle cerebral artery aneurysms: impact of the exact location in the MCA tree
Authors: Kivipelto Leena , Niemelä Mika , Meling Torstein , Lehecka Martin , Lehto Hanna , Hernesniemi Juha
Published: November 2013

Object

The object of this study was to describe the authors' institutional experience in the treatment of complex middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms necessitating bypass and vessel sacrifice.

Methods

Cases in which patients with MCA aneurysms were treated with a combination of bypass and parent artery sacrifice were reviewed retrospectively.

Results

The authors identified 24 patients (mean age 46 years) who were treated with bypass and parent artery sacrifice. The aneurysms were located in the M1 segment in 7 patients, MCA bifurcation in 8, and more distally in 9. The mean aneurysm diameter was 30 mm (range 7–60 mm, median 26 mm). There were 8 saccular and 16 fusiform aneurysms.

Twenty-one extracranial-intracranial and 4 intracranial-intracranial bypasses were performed. Partial or total trapping (only) of the parent artery was performed in 17 cases, trapping with resection of aneurysm in 3, and aneurysm clipping with sacrifice of an M2 branch in 4.

The mean follow-up period was 27 months. The aneurysm obliteration rate was 100%. No recanalization of the aneurysms was detected during follow-up.

There was 1 perioperative death (4% mortality rate) and 6 cerebrovascular accidents, causing permanent morbidity in 5 patients. The median modified Rankin Scale score of patients with an M1 aneurysm increased from 0 preoperatively to 2 at latest follow-up, while the score was unchanged in other patients. Most of the permanent deficits were associated with M1 aneurysms. Twenty-one patients (88%) had good outcome as defined by a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 4 or 5.

Conclusions

Bypass in combination with parent vessel occlusion is a useful technique with acceptable frequencies of morbidity and mortality for complex MCA aneurysms when conventional surgical or endovascular techniques are not feasible. The location of the aneurysm should be considered when planning the type of bypass and the site of vessel occlusion. Flow alteration by partial trapping may be preferable to total trapping for the M1 aneurysms.
Reduction cranioplasty with the aid of simulated computer imaging for the treatment of hydrocephalic macrocephaly
Authors: Shen Shang-Hang , Kwan Aij-Lie , Wang Bo-Liang , Guo Jian-Feng , Tan Guo-Wei , Chen Si-Fang , Liu Xi-Yao , Liu Feng , Cai Ming , Wang Zhan-Xiang
Published: November 2013

Object

The occurrence of hydrocephalic macrocephaly is uncommon. When the condition does occur, it is usually seen in infants and young children. Patients with this disorder have an excessively enlarged head and weak physical conditions. Various surgical techniques of reduction cranioplasty for the treatment of these patients have been reported. In this study, a revised surgical procedure with the aid of simulated computer imaging for the treatment of hydrocephalic macrocephaly is presented.

Methods

Five cases of hydrocephalic macrocephaly in children ranging in age from 16 to 97 months were reviewed. These patients underwent surgical treatment at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University over a period of 4 years from January 2007 to January 2011. After physical examination, a 3D computer imaging system to simulate the patient's postoperative head appearance and bone reconstruction was established. Afterward, for each case an appropriate surgical plan was designed to select the best remodeling method and cranial shape. Then, prior to performing reduction remodeling surgery in the patient according to the computer-simulated procedures, the surgeon practiced the bone reconstruction technique on a plaster head model made in proportion to the patient's head. In addition, a sagittal bandeau was used to achieve stability and bilateral symmetry of the remodeled cranial vault. Each patient underwent follow-up for 6–32 months.

Results

Medium-pressure ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery or shunt revision procedures were performed in each patient for treating hydrocephalus, and all patients underwent total cranial vault remodeling to reduce the cranial cavity space. Three of the 5 patients underwent a single-stage surgery, while the other 2 patients underwent total cranial vault remodeling in the first stage and the ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation 2 weeks later because of unrecovered hydrocephalus. All patients had good outcome with regard to hydrocephalus and macrocephaly.

Conclusions

There are still no standard surgical strategies for the treatment of hydrocephalic macrocephaly. Based on their experience, the authors suggest using a computer imaging system to simulate a patient's postoperative head appearance and bone reconstruction together with total cranial vault remodeling with shunt surgery in a single-stage or 2-stage procedure for the successful treatment of hydrocephalic macrocephaly.
Return to system within 30 days of pediatric neurosurgery
Authors: Wrubel David M. , Riemenschneider Kelsie J. , Braender Corinne , Miller Brandon A. , Hirsh Daniel A. , Reisner Andrew , Boydston William , Brahma Barunashish , Chern Joshua J.
Published: November 2013

Object

Quality assessment measures have not been well developed for pediatric neurosurgical patients. This report documents the authors' experience in extracting information from an administrative database to establish the rate of return to system within 30 days of pediatric neurosurgical procedures.

Methods

Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics were prospectively collected in administrative, business, and operating room databases. The primary end point was an unexpected return to the hospital system within 30 days from the date of a pediatric neurosurgical procedure. Statistical methods were used to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with the primary end point.

Results

There were 1358 pediatric neurosurgical procedures performed in the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta operating rooms in 2012, with 37.4% of these surgeries being preceded by admissions through the emergency department. Medicare or Medicaid was the payor for 54.9% of surgeries, and 37.6% of surgeries were shunt related. There were 148 unexpected returns to the system within 30 days after surgery, and in 109 of these cases, the patient had a presenting complaint that was attributable to the index surgery (related returns). The most common complaints were headache, nausea, vomiting, or seizure after shunt revision or cranial procedures (n = 62). The next most common reason for re-presentation was for wound concerns (n = 30). Thirty-seven of the 109 related returns resulted in a reoperation. The monthly rate of related returns was 8.1% ± 2.5% over the 12-month study period. When using related returns as the dependent variable, the authors found that patients who underwent a shunt-related surgery were both more likely to unexpectedly return to the system (OR 1.86, p = 0.008) and to require surgery upon readmission (OR 3.28, p = 0.004). Because an extended hospitalization shortened the window of time for readmission after surgery, extended length of stay was protective against return to system within 30 days of surgery. Importantly, if related and unrelated returns were analyzed together as the dependent variable (n = 148), no independent clinical and demographic risk factor could be identified.

Conclusions

Quality assessment measures need to be clearly and carefully defined, as the definition itself will impact the analytical results. Clinicians must play a leading role in the development of these measures to ensure their clinical meaningfulness.
Traumatic, high-cervical, coronal-plane spondyloptosis with unilateral vertebral artery occlusion: treatment using a prophylactic arterial bypass graft, open reduction, and instrumented segmental fusion
Authors: Manjila Sunil , Chowdhry Shakeel A. , Bambakidis Nicholas C. , Hart David J.
Published: November 2013

The authors present a case of traumatic, complete, high cervical spine injury in a patient with gradual worsening deformity and neck pain while in rigid cervical collar immobilization, ultimately resulting in coronal-plane spondyloptosis. Due to the extent of lateral displacement of the spinal elements, preoperative evaluation included catheter angiography, which revealed complete right vertebral artery (VA) occlusion. A prophylactic arterial bypass graft from the right occipital artery to the extradural right VA was fashioned to augment posterior circulation blood supply prior to reduction and circumferential instrumented fusion. Following surgery, the patient was able to participate in an aggressive rehabilitation program allowing early mobilization, and he ceased to be ventilator-dependent following implantation of a diaphragmatic pacer. The authors review factors leading to progression of this type of injury and suggest technical pearls as well as highlight specific management pitfalls, including operative risks.
Prospective assessment of concomitant lumbar and chronic subdural hematoma: is migration from the intracranial space involved in their manifestation?
Authors: Kokubo Rinko , Kim Kyongsong , Mishina Masahiro , Isu Toyohiko , Kobayashi Shiro , Yoshida Daizo , Morita Akio
Published: November 2013

Object

Spinal subdural hematomas (SDHs) are rare and some are concomitant with intracranial SDH. Their pathogenesis and etiology remain to be elucidated although their migration from the intracranial space has been suggested. The authors postulated that if migration plays a major role, patients with intracranial SDH may harbor asymptomatic lumbar SDH. The authors performed a prospective study on the incidence of spinal SDH in patients with intracranial SDH to determine whether migration is a key factor in their concomitance.

Methods

The authors evaluated lumbar MR images obtained in 168 patients (125 males, 43 females, mean age 75.6 years) with intracranial chronic SDH to identify cases of concomitant lumbar SDH. In all cases, the lumbar MRI studies were performed within the 1st week after surgical irrigation of the intracranial SDH.

Results

Of the 168 patients, 2 (1.2%) harbored a concomitant lumbar SDH; both had a history of trauma to both the head and the hip and/or lumbar area. One was an 83-year-old man with prostate cancer and myelodysplastic syndrome who suffered trauma to his head and lumbar area in a fall from his bed. The other was a 70-year-old man who had hit his head and lumbar area in a fall. Neither patient manifested neurological deficits and their hematomas disappeared under observation. None of the patients with concomitant lumbar SDH had sustained head trauma only, indicating that trauma to the hip or lumbar region is significantly related to the concomitance of SDH (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

As the incidence of concomitant lumbar and intracranial chronic SDH is rare and both patients in this study had sustained a direct impact to the head and hips, the authors suggest that the major mechanism underlying their concomitant SDH was double trauma. Another possible explanation is hemorrhagic diathesis and low CSF syndrome.
Potomacapnos apeleutherongen. et sp. nov., a new Early Cretaceous angiosperm from the Potomac Group and its implications for the evolution of eudicot leaf architecture
Authors: Jud Nathan A. , Hickey Leo J.
Published: November 2013

•Premise of the study:Eudicots diverged early in the evolution of flowering plants and now comprise more than 70% of angiosperm species. In spite of the importance of eudicots, our understanding of the early evolution of this clade is limited by a poor fossil record and uncertainty about the order of early phylogenetic branching. The study of Lower Cretaceous fossils can reveal much about the evolution, morphology, and ecology of the eudicots.

•Methods:Fossils described here were collected from Aptian sediments of the Potomac Group exposed at the Dutch Gap locality in Virginia, USA. Specimens were prepared by degaging, then described and compared with leaves of relevant extant and fossil plants. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters using parsimony while constraining the tree search with the topology found through molecular phylogenetic analyses.

•Key results:The new species is closely related to ranunculalean eudicots and has leaf architecture remarkably similar to some living Fumarioideae (Papaveraceae).

•Conclusions:These are the oldest eudicot megafossils from North America, and they show complex leaf architecture reflecting developmental pathways unique to extant eudicots. The morphology and small size of the fossils suggest that they were herbaceous plants, as is seen in other putative early eudicots. The absence of co‐occurring tricolpate pollen at Dutch Gap either (1) reflects low preservation probability for pollen of entomophilous herbs or (2) indicates that some leaf features of extant eudicots appeared before the origin of tricolpate pollen.
Dynamic nanoindentation by instrumented nanoindentation and force microscopy: a comparative review
Authors: Cohen Sidney R , Kalfon-Cohen Estelle
Published: November 2013

Viscoelasticity is a complex yet important phenomenon that drives material response at different scales of time and space. Burgeoning interest in nanoscale dynamic material mechanics has driven, and been driven by two key techniques: instrumented nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy. This review provides an overview of fundamental principles in nanoindentation, and compares and contrasts these two techniques as they are used for characterization of viscoelastic processes at the nanoscale.
Synthesis of indole-based propellane derivatives via Weiss–Cook condensation, Fischer indole cyclization, and ring-closing metathesis as key steps
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Chinnam Ajay Kumar , Tiwari Arti
Published: November 2013

A variety of highly functionalized indole-based [n.3.3]propellane derivatives is described. The synthesis of the propellane derivatives involves a Weiss–Cook condensation, a Fischer indole cyclization, and a ring-closing metathesis as key steps.
La haine
Authors: Loncan Anne
Published: November 2013

Dans le cadre du travail psychanalytique familial, les thérapeutes rencontrent régulièrement des émergences haineuses, tantôt installées dans la diachronie, tantôt surgissant d’une manière éruptive qui les surprennent, voire les saisissent. En s’intéressant à cet affect passion, l’auteur tente de le définir, d’en cerner les contours dans la pensée philosophique et dans la théorie psychanalytique afin de dégager ses fonctions en psychanalyse familiale, d’en percevoir les impacts dans le tissu intersubjectif si complexe du groupe familial dont la vie psychique inclut à la fois les ancêtres et les descendants.
La haine du fœtus
Authors: Darchis Élisabeth
Published: November 2013

La haine semble une nécessité pour participer au processus du devenir parent. Mais parfois cet affect a une intensité qui confond fantasmes et réalité. Même en amont de la naissance, le fœtus est désigné alors comme un être haineux et les parents vont jusqu’à organiser sa disparition. La haine agie envers le fœtus serait issue des haines non traitées et éprouvées autrefois dans le groupe d’origine. Une haine transgénérationnelle s’adresse parfois à l’ancêtre honteux et haï. La régression de la thérapie familiale psychanalytique est accompagnante pour élaborer ces vécus archaïques.
Une forme particulière d'attaque des liens familiaux : les mensonges enfantins
Authors: Masuy Véronique
Published: November 2013

Au travers d’une vignette clinique familiale, il est proposé de voir combien le recours répétitif aux mensonges vient malmener les processus de filiation, dans leurs dimensions intersubjectives et narcissiques. Cette analyse axe son approche sur la fonction paternelle dans sa difficulté à incarner une loi structurante pour le groupe et les sujets du groupe. Ne sont traités ici que les mensonges qui attaquent les liens.
La haine des origines et le refus du maternel
Authors: Barraband Maryvonne
Published: November 2013

La haine s’origine dans l’histoire de la culture et de la famille. La haine en héritage s’apparente à des forces empruntées et s’exprime ici sous la forme de la capture imaginaire et aliénante, d’un scénario incestueux qui se répéterait de génération en génération. Elle peut être à l’origine du refus pour la femme de s’inscrire dans une filiation maternelle. À travers un exemple clinique, l’auteur explore le refus initial de la maternité : un refus qui convoque les fantasmes originaires et le lien haineux à la mère établi en partie sur un héritage de traumatismes sexuels, non symbolisés ; une identification imaginaire dont le sujet se déleste au moyen de l’identification projective. On peut reconnaître à la haine une valeur salvatrice et réorganisatrice pour la structuration du sujet quand elle est une tentative de se déprendre d’une identification à une imago haineuse. L’indication de thérapie dans un dispositif plurisubjectif est judicieuse lorsque la passion haineuse est à l’œuvre dans le couple et la famille, où certains sont l’objet de projections haineuses.
La reconstruction d'un lien de filiation adoptive au péril de la haine partagée
Authors: Ozoux-Teffaine Ombline
Published: November 2013

L’expérience de la crise adolescente chez un jeune adopté éclate au grand jour dans cet article. Elle est agie de façon explosive, convoquant irrémédiablement des éléments de son passé qu’il tente de reconstruire en un roman de ses origines, tandis que des éléments du passé transgénérationnel paternel surgissent à sa rencontre sur la scène thérapeutique familiale psychanalytique. L’ébauche d’une reconstruction du lien père-fils va s’organiser au fur et à mesure que se dépose une haine familiale partagée. Le psychanalyste en lieu et place d’un intermédiaire, tiers qui a été défaillant autrefois, se prêtera aux projections de figures originaires que l’adolescent cherche à conjurer.
Le génogramme libre au service de l'élaboration auprès de jeunes parents à risque de maltraitance envers leur enfant
Authors: Gilbert Sophie , Lussier Véronique
Published: November 2013

Dans un contexte de parentalité à haut risque, inscrite dans une situation de précarité à la fois psychique et sociale, et devant la reproduction d’une génération à l’autre des facteurs de risque de la maltraitance, les auteurs ont cherché, au-delà de l’apparence d’inertie et de passivité chez ces jeunes parents qui échappent aux efforts de prévention et d’intervention, à mobiliser les forces de mouvement et de désir repérables à même leur parcours de grossesses « accidentelles ». En prenant la répétition comme point nodal de l’intervention (reprise inconsciente et remise au travail de conflictualités transgénérationnelles), elles ont proposé l’implantation d’une modalité novatrice de soutien à l’élaboration auprès de ces jeunes parents en grande difficulté par l’emploi du génogramme libre inséré au cœur du suivi psychosocial régulier. À travers cet outil de représentation graphique, support à l’élaboration de fantasmatiques générationnelles, elles ont voulu créer un lieu où les jeunes parents à risque de signalement aux services de protection de l’enfance pourraient élaborer les impasses générationnelles de leur histoire et situer la nouvelle cellule familiale au sein de leur filiation.
La Chine et le changement climatique
Authors: Maréchal Jean-Paul
Published: November 2013

L’objet de cet article est d’analyser les raisons qui expliquent le refus chinois d’accepter des engagements contraignants en matière climatique. Il met en évidence la relation entre la croissance économique chinoise de ces trente dernières années et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre du pays. Il est ainsi possible de mesurer la « contribution » chinoise au changement climatique actuel et de se faire une idée de ce que celle-ci pourrait être dans les décennies à venir. La deuxième partie de l’article met en évidence deux éléments susceptibles de conduire la Chine à réduire ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre : tout d’abord les effets désastreux de la pollution de l’air sur la santé de la population, et les perspectives économiques liées au développement des technologies vertes.
Les relations Chine-Taïwan sous la présidence de Ma Ying-jeou : l’impossible statu quo
Authors: Le Pesant Tanguy
Published: November 2013

Depuis l’élection de Ma Ying-jeou et le retour du Kuomintang aux commandes de l’État taïwanais en 2008, les relations entre les deux rives du détroit de Formose ont connu une certaine stabilisation. La cascade d’accords signés et la libéralisation rapide des échanges conduisent certains à penser que les relations Chine-Taïwan sont désormais sur les rails d’une « unification pacifique » inexorable. Mais c’est oublier que, derrière cette apparente détente, toutes les dynamiques au cœur des tensions sont toujours à l’œuvre. Contrairement à ce que prétend Ma, sa présidence n’est caractérisée ni par la préservation du statu quo , ni par un apaisement, et encore moins par un effacement de la menace chinoise. En revanche, elle a abouti à un affaiblissement de la position de Taïwan, alors même que l’identification à un État-nation taïwanais et le rejet de l’unification se renforcent.
« Chine à tous les étages ». L'impact du voisinage de la Chine sur les transformations spatiales et sociales centrasiatiques
Authors: Laruelle Marlène , Peyrouse Sébastien
Published: November 2013

En deux décennies, le paysage géopolitique de l’Asie centrale postsoviétique a changé en profondeur, et la Chine a joué un rôle majeur dans ces évolutions. Le voisinage chinois a laissé une empreinte nouvelle sur les sociétés centrasiatiques, à plusieurs échelles : il a modelé l’identité régionale de l’Asie centrale par le biais de l’Organisation de coopération de Shanghai et le discours sur les « routes de la soie » ; il a offert à chacun des cinq États une « Chine à la carte », contribuant à créer dans chaque pays une vision différente du voisin chinois suivant que sont mis en avant le partenariat stratégique, les coopérations économiques, ou les peurs culturelles ; il a transformé les réalités spatiales et sociales à une micro-échelle, en créant de nouvelles identités locales et sociales fondées sur la proximité avec la Chine.
La durée de séjour en soins palliatifs
Authors: Schneider Martin , Zulian Gilbert B.
Published: November 2013

Un séjour en unité spécialisée de soins palliatifs doit être optimal pour que les patients puissent bénéficier des soins adaptés à leur situation. L’influence de facteurs socio-économiques sur la durée de séjour est peu connue. Du 1 er décembre 2011 au 31 mai 2012, les données démographiques, médicales et socio-économiques des patients hospitalisés au service de médecine palliative des Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève ont été recueillies et liées à la durée et l’issue du séjour par un modelé de Cox. Pendant la période d’observation, 181 patients ont été hospitalisés. Trois quarts souffraient de cancer. Le séjour médian était de 14 jours et 75% des patients sont décédés. Les patients de moins de 65 ans et ceux de nationalité suisse demeuraient plus longtemps à l’hôpital. L’âge et la nationalité ont influencé la durée de séjour. Des facteurs socio-économiques ont pu jouer un rôle pendant l’hospitalisation. Leur identification pourrait être utile dans les décisions que les soignants sont amenés à prendre.
PUSHOVER Analysis in the Application of the Framework Structure Reinforcement
Authors: Liu Ying Li , Zhao Jin Long , Du Bing Xuan
Published: November 2013

This paper firstly introduces the basic principle of PUSHOVER analysis and general steps of analysis. And then use the actual construction example to illustrate its application. This paper aims to evaluate the anti-seismic property through setting the parameters, building the data model and establishing the PUSHOVER conditions, and then do the static elastoplastic analysis. When the anti-seismic property of the building can not meet the necessary standard, the strengthening is needed. What is more, this paper employs the steel plate for reinforcement since its advantages.
Properties of Oil Absorptive Resins and Swelling Kinetics
Authors: Liu Xin , Wei Zheng , Wang Yuan Sheng , Yu Hong Wei
Published: November 2013

The oil absorption performances of PBMA, P(BMA-BA), PLMA and P(LMA-MMA) for aviation kerosene and dimethylbenzene were studied. The results showed that PBMA had perfect oil absorption for dimethylbenzene, absorptive ratio of P(BMA-BA) for aviation kerosene was the highest,and PLMA had great oil-absorbing amount for aviation kerosene. Moreover, the kinetic mode of swelling process was discussed and correlative parameter indicated that the oil-absorbing process obeyed the first-order kinetics well.
A Digital Control for Swinging Arc Narrow Gap MAG Welding System
Authors: Zhu Jie , Xiong Wei Qiong , Zhang Wei Hua , Li Wen Hang , Wang Jia You
Published: November 2013

This paper presents a digital control system for swinging arc narrow gap MAG welding based on double single-chip microcomputers. The control system utilizes a single-chip microcomputer to set and display welding process parameters, and then uses another single-chip microcomputer to realize the control functions that are necessary for the swing arc process, in which the two single-chip microcomputers can exchange data through asynchronous serial communication circuit. Experimental results show that the control system works stably and reliably with strong anti-interference capabilities, and can completely satisfy the requirements of swinging arc narrow gap welding process.
Design of Transformer Substation Low Frequency Sound Absorber and Test Study on Sound Absorption Property
Authors: Zhang Xia , Duan Shu Ning , Cao Mei Gen , Mo Juan , Sun Yu Han , Guo Yu Chun , He Gang
Published: November 2013

In allusion to the characteristic that transformer noise is mainly low-frequency noise, firstly the sound absorber is studied and analyzed on aspect of materials, sound absorption structure cavity thickness and punching rate etc in standing wave tube laboratory, secondly transformer substation low-frequency sound absorber is presented, and finally sound absorption properties of absorber is verified through random incidence Test. The analyses and study indicates that: compared with thin plate resonance absorber and micropunching sound absorber, the sound absorption band width of transformer substation low-frequency sound absorber has been improved under unchanged sound absorption effect and transformer low-frequency noise may be effectively absorbed.
The Transformation of Traditional Air Compressor Based on Fuzzy-PID Control Strategy
Authors: Hu Ying Zhan , Zhang Li
Published: November 2013

The method of using loaded and unloaded air supply control on the traditional air compressor not only makes the supply pressure unstable, but also makes frequently changing of the load state of the air compressor and causes economic losses. In order to save energy and improve efficiency,it designs a self-tuning PID control system based on parameter fuzzy to complete the transformation of the traditional air compressor.It uses C8051F020 microcontroller to control the closed-loop PWM frequency control system.After the transformation, the system can adjust the motor speed according to the size of gas consumption, and realize precisely constant gas pressure supply.It can be used in machinery,chemical industry and many other fields.
Synthesis and Application of 1-(2,5-dimethyl-3-thiazolyl)-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-3-thienyl]perfluoroyclopentene
Authors: Fu Ying Long , Li Xue , Liu Gang
Published: November 2013

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene with thiazole ring 1-(2,5-dimethyl-3-thiazolyl)-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-3-thienyperfluorocyclopentene (1o) has been synthesized, and its properties, such as photochromism and fluorescence properties were investigated. Diarylethene 1 changed the color from colorless to orange upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, in which absorption maxima were observed at 487 nm in hexane.
Synthesis and Properties of 1-[2-trifluoromethylpheny-2-[2-methyl-5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3-thienyl] perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Liao Guang Ming , Pu Shou Zhi , Sun Zhi Yuan
Published: November 2013

An asymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1-[2-trifluoromethylpheny-2-[2-methyl-5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3-thienyperfluorocyclopentene (1o) was synthesized and its phtochromic, fluorescent properties in both solution and PMMA films were investigated in detail. This compound exhibited remarkable photochromism, upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, the colorless solution of 1o turned to plum with a new visible absorption band centered at 544 nm (ε =3.75 × 103 L mol-1 cm-1) attributable to the closed-ring isomer 1c.The fluorescence intensity of diarylethene decreased dramatically along with the photochromism from open-ring isomer to closed-ring isomer in PMMA films and in hexane. The emission intensity of diarylethene 1o in a photostationary state was quenched to ca. 64% in hexane and 27% in PMMA films.
Synthesis and Properties Study of 1-(2,4-dimethoxyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-2-[2-methyl-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-thieny-l]perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Liu Jing Jing , Jia Hong Jing , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: November 2013

A novel photochromic diarylethene with a six-membered pyrimidine was synthesized to investigate its photochromic behaviors. This compound exhibited reversible photochromism, changing from colorless to red after irradiation with UV light both in solution and in poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) amorphous film. Moreover, it exhibited remarkable fluorescence switching in solution. The results indicated that the pyrimidine moiety played a very important role during the process of photochromic reaction for the diarylethene derivative.
The Application of CFRP Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Liu Ying Li , Du Bing Xuan , Zhao Jin Long
Published: November 2013

This paper expounds the excellent characteristics of CFRP in engineering application, analyzes the scope of application of CFRP reinforced plastics.This paper introduces the principle and the carbon fiber composite reinforcement method and frame beams and carbon fiber reinforced beam in the structure of the calculation results were analyzed .By SAP2000 software analyzing, results show that after using CFRP reinforced plastics has dramatically enhanced the bearing capacity of the frame beam, improve the ductility of the components, prolong the life span of the structure .
Synthesis and Properties of 1-(2-cyanophenyl)-2-[2-methyl-5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3-thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Xue Dan Dan , Pu Shou Zhi , Sun Zhi Yuan
Published: November 2013

An unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene was synthesized and its photochromism and fluorescent properties were investigated in detail. The compound exhibited remarkable photochromism, changing from colorless to violet after irradiation with 297 nm UV light, in which absorption maxima were observed at 535 nm in hexane and at 541 nm in PMMA amorphous films, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of diarylethene1odecreased upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, in which fluorescence peaks were observed at 448 nm in hexane and at 426 nm in PMMA amorphous films, respectively. And the modulation efficiency were 12% and 75% in both hexane and PMMA films.
Synthesis and Property of 1-(2,4-dimethoxyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-2-[2-methyl-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Liu Hong Liang , Jia Hong Jing , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: November 2013

A novel photochromic diarylethene based on pyrimidine moiety was synthesized. Its properties, including photochromism and fluorescence were investigated in detail. The compound exhibited remarkable photochromism, changing from colorless to red after irradiation with UV light. The fluorescence had a remarkable initial increase with subsequent dramatic decrease with increasing concentration. The results indicated that the pyrimidine moiety played a very important role during the process of photochromic reaction for the diarylethene derivative.
Research on Electrospinning of Cellulose Acetate Prepared by Acetone /DMAc Solvent
Authors: Wei Na , Sun Cheng , Wang Jing , Huang Li Qiang
Published: November 2013

Electrospinning is a technique that can be used to produce nanofibres from a polymeric solution or melt under the influence of a high electrostatic field [. In this paper, we used Acetone/N, N-Dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) and Acetic acid as the solvent, to explore the influencing factors of using electrospinning to prepare the nanofiber of cellulose acetate, and studied on how solvent, voltage and viscosity impact on the morphology and diameter of nanofiber. The results of the study show that: Acetone/DMAc as solvent, when the solvent ratio is 3:1, the spinning of the concentration is 4%～6%, the viscosity is 7.1～8.3 Poise, the voltage is 15kV, and deposition distance is 12cm, we could obtain the gelatin nanofibers with the diameter of 200-300 nanometer prepared by electrospinning. This study provided the theoretical basis for cellulose acetate prepared by electrospinning in antimicrobial food packaging materials development.
Preparation and Study on Temperature-Resistance Environment-Friendly Ink Based on Natural Pigment and Soybean Oil
Authors: Liu Zhuang , Liu Qi , Yang Liu , Sun Jing Yi , Ma Gui Yu , Zhang Ben Long
Published: November 2013

Traditional ink based on natural pigment and soybean oil has disadvantages of poor temperature adaptive in application process. This project broke the limitations that stocks printing with traditional ink based on natural pigment and soybean oil could not be used for heating. Developing practical temperature-resistance environment-friendly ink based on natural pigment and soybean oil is of great importance. The experiment introduced the silicone material, and made full use of its characteristic. The Si-O bond of silicone can be 121 kcal/mole, and its molecular bond can not be broken down at a high temperature (or exposure to radiation). The property of high temperature resistance mainly depends on its unique functional group or long polymer chain structure. The experiment studied temperature resistance environment-friendly ink's performance in color, in order to improve its practical application value.
Research on Fracture Surface Morphology and Tensile Properties of Cellulose-Based Green Food Packaging Membrane Materials
Authors: Li Zhi Jian , Meng Qing Jun
Published: November 2013

The Green food-packaging membranes were prepared with N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) as the major solvent by using L-S phase inversion technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was adopted to characterize fracture surface morphology of membrane, and tensile machine was adopted to test the membrane strength performance. Research results show with the concentration of cellulose increases from 5% to 9%, structure of membrane becomes compact, aperture size becomes small and even, value of tensile strength increases 59.6%, and value of elongation increases 67.5%. With dissolving temperature increases from 100°C to 120°C, structure of membrane becomes loose, pore size becomes big and uneven, value of tensile strength decreases 19.2%, and value of elongation decreases 13.1%. The research can provide the theoretical reference for optimizing technology, adjusting the structure of membrane, and improving the performances of membrane.
Structural Effect of Thiol-Compounds on the Thiol-Ene Based UV Curable Adhesive
Authors: Wang Qing , Chen Guang Xue , Tai Jing Lei , Chen Qi Feng
Published: November 2013

Three thiol-compounds with different functionalities were synthesized through esterification reaction which was prepared by 1, 4-butanediol, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol and 3-mercapto propionic acid respectively. Thiol-compounds and polyurethane-acrylate prepolymer were blended with addition of photo-initiator in certain proportions in order to form polyurethane curing film under UV irradiation. The structure and properties of the thiol-compounds and the polyurethane curing film were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, and TG. The results showed that the thiol-ene addition reaction between the urethane acrylates and the thiol-compounds was preceeded. With the increase of functionality of mercaptopropionic acid ester, the thermal stability improved, and the T-peel strength enhanced. When the moral ratio of urethane acrylates and trimethylolpropane-3-mercapto propionic acid ester was 1:1, the adhesive showed the best mechanical properties and thermal stability with curing time 40s, T-peel strength 88N/m and 50 % mass loss at 369°C, respectively.
Preservation Effect of Rhubarb and Cinnamon Extracts on Fresh Beef
Authors: Han Chun Yang , Liu Guang Fa , Li Yang , Cui Yan , Tao Yuan , Wang Jian Qing
Published: November 2013

The effect of rhubarb ethanol extracts (REE) and cinnamon essential oil (CEO) were used individually and in combination to maintain quality of fresh beef steaks stored for 18 days at 4±1°C was investigated. Beef characteristics, including pH, total viable counts (TVC), instrumental color (CIE a*), lipid oxidation (TBARS) and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) were determined. The treatments significantly inhibited bacterial growth (p< 0.05) and maintained the pH, TVB-N, TBARS of beefsteaks and reduced instrumental color loss (p< 0.05). The results indicated that the treatments could efficiently maintain quality of fresh beef during storage and the combination of CEO and REE antimicrobial packaging had better application potential on fresh beef preservation.
Studies on Respiration Rate Model of Mung Bean Sprout in Modified Atmosphere Packaging
Authors: Hu Yun Feng , Liu Guo Hua , Yao Yao , Yu Shu Yan , Lu Min , Li Ping
Published: November 2013

This study took mung bean sprout as test materials to measure the variation of gas concentration in the film over time. This study measured the permeability coefficient of the selected LDPE film under 8°C,13°C,18°C,23°C and 28°C and calculated the respiratory rate of mung bean sprout under temperature ranges from 8°C to 28°C by the method of Osmosis system using C language. The chemical kinetics model equation was fitted to the respiration rate of bean sprouts. Experimental results: 1. Permeability coefficient of film increased with the temperature, the relationship between the permeability coefficient of the film and the temperature fitted with the Arrhenius equation. 2. With the temperature increasing, the respiratory rate of mung bean sprouts increased. By fitting chemical kinetics equation of model to the respiration rate, the results showed that the variation of respiration rate conformed to the chemical kinetics equations. The relationship between temperature and the respiration rate constantkof the chemical kinetics equations were found following of Arrhenius equation.
Highly Elastic Corrugated Cardboard and its Experimental Study on Strength Properties
Authors: Fu Chun Ying , Jiang Dong Sheng
Published: November 2013

In order to overcome weaknesses of the limited strength of the traditional corrugated cardboard, and the corrugated cardboard with alternative high and low corrugated sandwich cores was developed by someone, named highly elastic corrugated cardboard. The highly elastic corrugated cardboard has excellent rebound properties of cushioning . On the existing research results, according to Wang Dong-mei development of its production methods, the author can product highly elastic corrugated cardboard in the laboratory in order to study its Strength properties. These experimental data provide a basis for actual production.
Study on Different Folding Carton Damaged in Drop Condition
Authors: Jiang Dong Sheng , Fu Chun Ying
Published: November 2013

This paper studies on the drop experiments for different tube folding carton structure. First of all, combined with the general height in goods, three height of tube folding carton are set in these experiments. Secondly, these experiments make some different carton structure. Each kind of tube folding cartons is made of 40 samples. Thirdly, using experimental instrument, these folding cartons are carried through drop experiment. The method of inspection is subjective test, namely observing folding carton damaged appearance after dropped. In the analysis of sample data, some reasonable suggestions are given to lay exquisite packaging. It can avoid packaging inadvertently damaged on movement or placed which caused these packaging not easy sell.
Research on Halftone Information Embedding and Extracting Technology Based on CCD Detection
Authors: Wang Zhen Rong , Tang Wan You , Zhao Xiao Mei
Published: November 2013

This study introduces a new anti-counterfeiting method of packaging and printing. Based on CCD (Charge Coupled Device) detection, it changes the dot area to realize hidden information embedding into the halftone image which generated by own separate color program. After print and scan, CCD gain the scan image, combined with program to realize information extracting. The experiment results show that: this method has high speed and accuracy in embedding and extracting information. The function of prevent copy is good. This method can be widely used in packaging and printing anti-counterfeiting.