bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Daun (Allium fistulosum L.) Varietas Linda Akibat Pemberian Pupuk Kandang Ayam dan Pupuk Urea
Authors: Yusdian Yudi , Antralina Merry , Diki Ahmad
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk urea terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang daun. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kampung Legokkaso Desa Cinanggela Kecamatan Pacet Kabupaten Bandung Provinsi Jawa Barat. dengan jenis tanah Latosol dengan pH 5,7, terletak pada ketinggian 1.200 m di atas permukaan laut. Curah hujan 2.205 mm/tahun termasuk curah hujan tipe C3 (Oldeman, 1979). Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret sampai dengan bulan Mei 2014. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan kombinasi pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk urea adalah sebagai berikut: A (0g+2,2g), B (12g+2,0g), C (14g+1,8g), D (16g+1,6g), E (18g+1,4g), F (20g+0g).Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis 16 g pupuk kandang ayam dan 1,6 g pupuk urea memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan,  dan hasil per tanaman bawang daun varietas Linda. This study aimed to determine the effect of chicken manure and urea dosage combination on the growth and yield of spring onions. The experiment was conducted in the Legokkaso Residential, Cinanggela Village, Pacet Subdistrict, Bandung Regency, of West Java Province. The soil was Latosol with pH 5.7, located at an altitude of 1,200 m above sea level. Rainfall was 2.205 mm/years including precipitation C3 type (Oldeman, 1979). The experiment was conducted from March to May 2014. The research method used was randomized block design method (RBD) consisting of 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment was combination of chicken manure and urea as follows: A (0g + 2,2g), B (12g + 2,0g), C (14g + 1,8g), D (16g + 1,6g), E (18g + 1,4g), F (20g + 0g). The result showed that dosage 16g of chicken manure and 1.6 g urea gave a better effect on the growth of plant height, number of tillers, yield of plant.
Peningkatan Produksi Bawang Merah Melalui Teknik Pemupukan NPK
Authors: Istina Ida Nur
Published: September 2016

Bawang merah merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura strategis yang penyebarannya hampir di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Permasalahan pengembangan komoditas ini adalah masih rendahnya produktivitas sebagai akibat adaptasi dan kecukupan asupan hara tanaman. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis pupuk NPK yang efektif dan efisien telah dilakukan di desa Langensari Kecamatan Lembang Kabupaten Bandung Barat dari Maret sampai Mei 2014 menggunakan Rancangan Acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Pupuk NPK yang digunakan adalah A= NPK 18+9+10+Te, B=NPK 15+15+sulfat 10, C=NPK 12+11+18z+(S) z +3 Mg+3,8S+Te, D= NPK 15+9+20(S)+2 MgO+3,8 S+Te, E= NPK 25+7+7 dan F=kontrol. Parameter yang diamati meliputi: tinggi tanaman, jumlah umbi, jumlah daun, panjang umbi (cm), diameter umbi (cm), bobot basah (g) dan bobot kering brangkasan (g). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa NPK 12+11+18z+(S)z+3 Mg+3,8S+Te menghasilkan bobot umbi terbaik. The shallot is one of the strategic and valuable horticultural commodities which is spreaded almost all over Indonesia area. Commodity development constrain by the low productivity as a result of adaptation and inadequate intake of plant nutrients. The research purposed  to get the kind of NPK fertilizers that was efective and efficient on shallot production had been done in the Langensari village Langensari Lembang district, West Bandung regency from March till May 2014, using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 3 repplications. NPK fertilizer used were: A = NPK 18+9+10+Te, B = NPK 15+15+sulfate 10, C = NPK 12+11+18z+(S) z + 3 Mg+3,8S+Te, D = NPK 15+9+20(S)+2MgO+3,8 S+Te, E = NPK 25+7+7 and F = control. The observed parameters were plant height (cm), number of tubers, leaf number, tuber length, tuber diameter, fresh weight and dry weight tuber. The results showed that NPK 12+11+18z+ (S)z+3 Mg+3,8S+Te gave the best growth and production.
Efektivitas Jumlah Telur Corcyra cephalonica Terparasitasi Trichogramma sp. terhadap Persentase Telur yang Terparasit dan Jumlah Larva Penggerek Batang Tebu Bergaris (Chilo sacchariphagus)
Authors: Setiati Yati , Mutmainah Neneng Hayatul , Subandi M
Published: September 2016

Hama penggerek batang merupakan hama yang paling penting pada tanaman tebu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh telur Corcyra cephalonica yang terparasitasi Trichogramma sp. terhadap hama penggerek batang tebu bergaris (Chilo sacchariphagus). Serta untuk mengetahui jumlah telur Corcyra cephalonica yang terparasitasi Trichogramma sp. yang paling efektif terhadap pengendalian hama penggerek batang tebu bergaris (Chilo sacchariphagus) Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di PT. PG Rajawali II Unit Puslit Agro (pusat penelitian Agronomi) Desa Sumber Jatitujuh-Majalengka, dari bulan April sampai bulan Juni 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada parasitasi penggerek batang tebu bergaris (Chilo saccaripagus) perlakuan 5 pias (750 butir telur Trichogamma sp.) memiliki jumlah larva terendah rata-rata 4,33 larva dengan persentasi telur yang terparasit 92,23%.  Stem borer is the most important pest in sugarcane. This study aimed to determine the effect of Corcyra cephalonica eggs which were parasited by Trichogramma sp. On striped cane stem borer (Chilo sacchariphagus). As well as to determine the number of eggs of Corcyra cephalonica parasited by Trichogramma sp. The research was conducted at PT. PG Rajawali II Unit Center for Agro (Agronomy research centers) Sumber Jatitujuh Village Majalengka ,from April to June 2015. The result showed that in parasitism of striped cane stem borer (Chilo saccaripagus) treatment of 5 “pias” (750 eggs of Trichogamma sp.) had the lowest number of larvae on average 4,33 larvae with parasited eggs percentage of 92,23%.
Beyond the Second Reconstruction: C. Vann Woodward’s Concept of the Third Reconstruction in the South
Authors: Walton Hanes , Allen Josephine A.V. , Puckett Sherman C. , Deskins Donald R.
Published: September 2016

Best known for the innovative historical and analytical concept of the “Second Reconstruction,” Professor C. Vann Woodward is much less known for his other related and linked concept the “Third Reconstruction.” Moreover, this latter concept is clearly not as well understood, described, and explained, as was the initial one. Yet, it exists. Professor Woodward in the updated third edition of his classic, The Burden of Southern History (which came out initially in 1968, 1991, 1993, and 2008 with an added Postscript in April of 1968 after the assassination of Reverend Doctor Martin Luther King), discusses the “Third Reconstruction” in Chapter Eight entitled: “What Happened to the Civil Rights Movement” (Woodward 2008, 186).
Descriptive Representatives, Party Status, and Latino Representation in Congressional Legislation
Authors: Wilson Walter Clark
Published: September 2016

Empirical research has yet to adequately address the substantive implications of Latino descriptive representation in legislative activities like bill sponsorship, or to explore whether party status impacts the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation. I examine an original dataset of bills sponsored during the 109th and 110th congresses to assess the effect of descriptive representation on the sponsorship of Latino interest bills. Results illustrate that Latino representatives sponsored more Latino interest bills than their non-Latino colleagues during both congresses. The heightened commitment of Latino representatives to the sponsorship of Latino interest bills was unaffected by important partisan changes during the period in question, underscoring the substantive effect of descriptive representation.
Transcultural adaptation of the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool
Authors: Martinez Maria Carmen , Iwamoto Viviane Ernesto , Latorre Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira , Noronha Adriana Moreira , Oliveira Ana Paula de Sousa , Cardoso Carlos Eduardo Alves , Marques Ifigenia Augusta Braga , Vendramim Patrícia , Lopes Paula Cristina , Sant'Ana Thais Helena Saes de
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: to perform the transcultural adaptation and content validity analysis of the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool to assess both fall risk and fall-related injury risk for hospitalized elderly in Brazil. Method: the transcultural adaptation consisted of translating the scale to Portuguese (Brazil), back-translating it into its language of origin, establishing a consensus version, and having an expert committee verify its transcultural equivalence. Content assessment was conducted by a committee of judges, ending with the calculation of the items and scales' content validity index. Nurses tested the tool. Results: the scale's translated version went through two evaluation rounds by the judges, based on which, the items with unsatisfactory performance were changed. The content validity index for the items was ≥80.0% and the global index 97.1%. The experimental application showed the scale is user-friendly. Conclusion: the scale presents valid content for the assessment of fall risk and risk of fall-related injuries and is easy to use, with the potential to contribute to the proper identification of risks and the establishment of care actions.
Provision of Child Trauma Services in Emergency Family Housing (Practice Note)
Authors: Wenocur Katharine , Parkinson-Sidorski Meghan , Snyder Sean
Published: September 2016

Child homelessness is highly correlated with complex traumatic exposure, which may include experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV), community violence, and chronic illness. Individuals exposed to complex trauma in childhood are at increased risk for poor health and psychosocial outcomes in adulthood. Despite this, trauma-focused behavioral health services are not a core service offered to families in shelter, and families often face barriers to accessing such services. In recognition of these barriers, a small family shelter (Jane Addams Place) secured a grant to offer trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) to its resident children. TF-CBT, an evidence-based practice, has proven successful in treating symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in this setting. This article describes the challenges and successes of this program, and proposes several practice implications.
Parenting and Homeless: Profiles of Young Adult Mothers and Fathers in Unstable Housing Situations
Authors: Narendorf Sarah C. , Jennings Sheara Williams , Maria Diane Santa
Published: September 2016

Young adults who are pregnant or parents are a vulnerable subgroup of the homeless population, yet there is limited research about their specific service needs. To fill this gap, we used data from a survey of homeless and unstably housed young adults, ages 18–24, collected over 4 weeks in Houston, Texas, to examine the characteristics, risk factors, and protective factors of homeless parents (n = 109) compared to other homeless young adults (n = 243), then differences between mothers (n = 61) and fathers (n = 48). Unique risk and protective profiles for homeless parents were identified, as well as differences between mothers and fathers. Implications for service delivery targeted to the unique needs of young adult homeless mothers and fathers are discussed.
Using VoiceThread to Facilitate Asynchronous Communication: A Design Case
Authors: Trespalacios Jesús
Published: September 2016

Online courses have traditionally used text as the only medium to communicate. However, new technologies make it easier than ever before to integrate audio and video communication into online courses. The purpose of this design case study is twofold. Firstly, we sought to describe the different instructional activities designed for an Instructional Design online graduate course. Secondly, this study undertook to explain the integration of VoiceThread (a Web 2.0 tool with multimedia capabilities) to facilitate students’ interactions and the revisions made on some activities that used this tool. Data collected from two surveys administered at the end of the course showed the effectiveness of the changes implemented in the instructional activities and the advantages of using VoiceThread.
¿Producción llave en mano o autogestionaria? Efectos sociourbanos de las políticas públicas de vivienda popular
Authors: Zapata María Cecilia
Published: September 2016

El acceso público a una vivienda para los sectores populares se configuró, en los últimos años, como una de las problemáticas más acuciantes debido a los efectos segregadores que trajo consigo. En este artículo se evalúa comparativamente los resultados obtenidos de la política de producción de vivienda social nueva (llave en mano y autogestionaria) desplegada en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires entre los años 2003-2013. Asimismo se analiza los efectos sociourbanos y territoriales de inserción de unos complejos y otros a escala barrial, su localización, sus efectos en los desplazamientos y se valora si existen diferencias en términos de apropiación a la vivienda e integración/segregación a la ciudad. Para ello, se recurrió a una metodología cualitativa basada en fuentes secundarias y primarias, trianguladas metodológicamente para su procesamiento, con el fin de lograr un abordaje que permita la recuperación de la voz y perspectiva de los usuarios destinatarios de las viviendas entregadas habitadas.
El desplazamiento de lo posible: experiencia popular y gentrificación en el Centro Histórico de Ciudad de México
Authors: Moctezuma Mendoza Vicente
Published: September 2016

En este artículo se estudia el desplazamiento de sectores populares en el Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México como parte del proceso de gentrificación en dicho espacio. En particular, se analiza una forma de desplazamiento que el autor denomina: “el desplazamiento en los horizontes populares de lo posible” y que supone una reinterpretación situada –desde las características de los procesos de gentrificación en Latinoamérica y del trabajo de campo antropológico– del concepto de “desplazamiento por exclusión” propuesto por Peter Marcuse. Se examina el desplazamiento a través del acercamiento etnográfico a algunos itinerarios residenciales que dan cuenta de condiciones heterogéneas de construcción de arraigo por los sectores populares durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX y de la revisión de la permanencia o desaparición de dichas condiciones en el contexto contemporáneo.
Crecimiento, segregación y mecanismos de desplazamiento en el periurbano de Quito
Authors: Durán Gustavo , Martí Marc , Mérida Juan
Published: September 2016

Este artículo busca una aproximación cualitativa a la periferia urbana de Quito con el propósito de indagar, en el contexto del proceso expansivo de la ciudad, los posibles efectos de la acción inmobiliaria en las transformaciones socioespaciales de los habitantes tradicionales de aquellas zonas donde se intensificó el proceso urbanizador. A través del método etnográfico, se utilizaron técnicas de contextualización de la muestras, procesos de observación pasiva y entrevistas a actores clave. A partir de la identificación de las transformaciones en el paisaje urbano y la caracterización de los procesos y actores más relevantes en el marco de esas transformaciones, se logró construir evidencia empírica sobre procesos de desplazamiento y generación de conflictos como fruto del desarrollo urbano en la periferia en Quito.
La ciudad esconde el proceso. La protesta popular en Vila Autódromo, Río de Janeiro
Authors: Villegas Claudia , Esteban Khalil , Nussbaumer Beatriz
Published: September 2016

Ensayo visual "La ciudad esconde el proceso. La protesta popular en Vila Autódromo, Río de Janeiro"
Global Education in the '21st Century': two different perspectives on the 'post-' of postmodernism
Authors: Andreotti Vanessa
Published: September 2016

In this paper I compare two possible interpretations of the need to shift conceptualisations of knowledge, learning and identities in education towards an emphasis on fluidity and provisionality in global societies. I outline the arguments and potential implications of a framework concerned
with 'cognitive adaptation', which conceptualises the 'post' in 'postmodernism' as 'after'; and another concerned with 'epistemological pluralism', which conceptualises the 'post' in 'postmodernism' as 'questioning'. Both perspectives align in their conceptualisation of knowledge, learning,
reality and identities as socially constructed, fluid, open to negotiation and always provisional, and in the call for epistemological shifts away from mono-epistemicism. However, they are motivated by different conceptualisations of social problems and envisaged solutions. In the second part
of the paper, I discuss some of the tensions created in working towards epistemological shifts and present an example of the translation between emerging theories and practices based on the idea of epistemological pluralism.
Difference and Conflict in Global Citizenship in Higher Education in Canada
Authors: Andreotti Vanessa , Jefferess David , Pashby Karen , Rowe Cash , Tarc Paul , Taylor Lisa
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a multi-voiced response to the question: how might conflict and difference be conceptualised in global citizenship education (GCE) imaginaries in Canada? It offers responses from six educators engaged with GCE research and practice in higher education institutions
in Canada. The responses address different angles and issues related to difference and GCE, such as multiculturalism, (neo) colonialism, paternalism, indigeneity, internationalism, neoliberalism, benevolence and national identity building in Canada.
De-centering and Re-visioning Global Citizenship Education Abroad Programs
Authors: Jorgenson Shelane
Published: September 2016

This paper explores the neocolonial implications of a global citizenship education program that annually sends a group of Canadian university students to volunteer in Thailand. Postcolonial theory is utilized to deconstruct hegemonic notions of globalization, citizenship and global
citizenship and explore the ways in which a group of university students challenges and perpetuates imperialist discourses and practices. While the scope of this study is limited to six interviews, the post-colonial theoretical framework provides insight into the ways that such educational
programs ought to be modified in order to curtail their colonial trends. In light of these findings, I propose a shift in our 'Western' understanding and enactment of global citizenship and global citizenship educational programs towards inclusion of multiple epistemologies, an ethical concern
for social justice and fostering equitable relationships, mutual exchange and reciprocity.
Analysis of Views on the Development of Education for Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship Policy in Wales
Authors: Norcliffe David , Bennell Sheila
Published: September 2016

This paper is concerned with the development of the strategy for Education for Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship (ESDGC) in Wales. It is based on semi-structured interviews with key participants in the policy development process and explores the different drivers, views,
approaches and attitudes which led to ESDGC being adopted in its present form. It explores how participants from a variety of organisations with very different aims came together to develop ESDGC and how this fits with various models of constructivist learning, including communities of practice
and activity theory. It concludes that there were a range of drivers involved in the process, for instance the Welsh Assembly Government's constitutional commitment to sustainability, the drive and enthusiasm of key individuals, the sharing and subsequent modification of different perspectives,
the influence of research into the views of teachers, and a generally conducive zeitgeist.
Global education and cross-cultural learning: A challenge for a research-based approach to international teacher education
Authors: Scheunpflug Annette
Published: September 2016

This article discusses teaching competencies for global education, beginning with an outline of some of the challenges for orientation and learning which are the result of rapid globalisation. An example of a situation in a recent class is used to illustrate the kinds of professional
challenges that teachers encounter, including those related to dealing with paternalism, complexity and insecurity. The consequences of these challenges for teacher education are then outlined. Finally, the discussion highlights a number of areas of research which are needed in the future
and suggest a framework for research-based teacher education in global learning.
Developing a Global Citizenship Education Programme for Three to Six Year Olds
Authors: Oberman Rowan , Waldron Fionnuala , Dillon Sheila
Published: September 2016

This article outlines the development of a global citizenship education programme for three to six year olds. The programme, entitled Just Children, was created by Education for a Just World, a partnership between an Irish Development Non-Governmental Organisation (DNGO),
Trócaire, and the Centre for Human Rights and Citizenship Education located in St Patrick's College, Drumcondra, Dublin. 1 The programme was developed through three phases of research. The first phase examined young children's engagement with global justice issues; the second phase
explored possible strategies for including global citizenship education in early childhood educational settings; and the third phase tested a draft global citizenship education programme. This article explores the key principles integral to educating for and about global justice and, responding
to the results of research as well as the early childhood education landscape, arrives at strategies for introducing global justice work into early childhood settings. This article suggests that introducing a global perspective into early childhood education, using open-ended and active methodologies,
supports the development of global citizenship skills, attitudes and understanding.
'The Impulse to Help': (Post) humanitarianism in an era of the 'new' development advocacy
Authors: Bryan Audrey
Published: September 2016

This paper draws on the Republic of Ireland as a case study of the 'new' development advocacy, i.e. government, philanthropic, and celebrity humanitarian engagement with international development and statutory efforts to deepen understanding of international development among citizens
in the global North (Biccum, 2010; 2011). It outlines some of the culturally specific narratives that inform the 'new' development advocacy in an Irish context, with reference to a set of recurrent tropes that have come to dominate both official and popular discourses of development 'at home'.
Utilizing critical discourse analytic techniques, it illuminates the self-constituting function these public pedagogical efforts perform and highlights the function that remembering instances of historical trauma and suffering, and of forgetting or ignoring Ireland's role in
the history of imperialism, play in shaping and constituting the nation through orthodox development discourses. Rooted in a critical development education framework informed by postcolonial theory (Andreotti, 2006), the paper stresses the need for alternative development discourses that open
up – rather than close down – possibilities for a deeper engagement with difficult questions of individual and collective responsibility, and with what it means to 'take action' in response to global problems or to engage with the suffering of Others.
Didactic or Dialogical? The shifting nature of INGO development education programming in England and Canada
Authors: Weber Nadya
Published: September 2016

This paper looks at the changing nature of international development non-governmental organizations' development education programming in England and Canada. A documentary analysis of the changes in Save the Children Canada and Save the Children UK's development education materials
illuminates the shift in international development agencies' education programmes since the late 1990s. A review of a selection of materials produced by Save the Children UK and Save the Children Canada between 1999 and 2007 illustrates the trend of international development agencies moving
away from programming that is longer-term, participatory, and dialogical with an emphasis on collective social change towards programming that is shorter-term, individualistic, and didactic, and which reinforces the status quo.
Implementation of Global Development Education into the Curriculum at the Faculty of Economics and Management, Slovak University of Agriculture
Authors: Svitačová Eva , Mravcová Anna
Published: September 2016

The new phenomenon of global development education (GDE) has gradually penetrated the curricula in Slovakia. For the purpose of more comprehensively preparing future economic actors, who will operate in the new global economic and social environment, we have decided to incorporate this
topic into the curriculum at the Faculty of Economics and Management, Slovak University of Agriculture (FEM SUA). The national research project KEGA, supported by the Slovak Republic 's Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Sport, is also focused on this issue. Its objective is to
develop a more comprehensive and current system of GDE for economic faculties in Slovakia, and to propose appropriate methods for its implementation into the educational process. This paper presents information about how the various themes and issues associated with the new educational approach
are implemented into the curriculum at FEM SUA, as well as information on what new measures are proposed and are currently being gradually realized in order to clarify to the students the global dimension of processes and phenomena. The project is based on qualitative research undertaken via
the study and analysis of public documents and of audio and video recordings made of faculty and at national discussion workshops. Through the analysis of individual discussions we identify not only the appropriate content of GDE within economics faculties but also the most appropriate forms
for its implementation into the educational process at FEM SUA and at other economics faculties in Slovakia.
World-mindedness of students and their geography education at international (IB-DP) and regular schools in the Netherlands
Authors: Béneker Tine , van Dis Hanneke , van Middelkoop Daniel
Published: September 2016

This article reports the results of a study conducted to gain insight into the worldmindedness of young people living in the Netherlands. Two groups are compared: students attending 'regular' Dutch schools and students attending international schools. A questionnaire measured the students'
world-mindedness and their evaluation of their geography education in terms of global content and pedagogy. In our limited study, international school students were overall more world-minded than young people attending Dutch conventional schools. However, similarities were also seen: both
groups were positive about values such as respect, diversity, and sustainability, and less positive about values such as solidarity and equality. International schools aimed more towards global learning than did Dutch schools, because of the experiential learning of students exposed to an
international educational environment. In the opinion of the students, geography education at Dutch schools was often limited to learning about global issues and perspectives, while at international schools it seemed also to encompass learning for a global perspective.
Education for sustainable development and global citizenship: Leadership, collaboration, and networking in primary schools
Authors: Bennell Sheila J.
Published: September 2016

The interaction of leadership, collaboration, and networking in the development of Education for Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship (ESDGC) is examined in five north Wales primary schools noted for their ESDGC development. Strong leadership and considerable, but varying,
forms of distributed leadership were found in each of the schools. All schools had extensive external networks with a wide range of visitors and community links. However, participation in these networks and in external professional development was largely confined to key ESDGC players. Some
schools had designed effective ways of sharing the knowledge, skills, and understanding of key players with their fellow teachers. Where internal collaboration and networking were frequent, the staff appeared to be more knowledgeable about and committed to ESDGC.
Theorizing learning process: An experiential, constructivist approach to young people's learning about global poverty and development
Authors: Brown Kate
Published: September 2016

Learning processes in global education have not been significantly theorized, with the notable exception of the application of transformative learning theory. No theory of learning is complete, and to understand the complexity of learning, multiple theoretical lenses must be applied.
This article looks at Jarvis's (2006) model of lifelong learning and argues that it can help global educators understand young people's learning about global poverty and development. Considering young people's learning through the lens of this theory highlights the way in which learning occurs
in multiple contexts, its individual nature, and the significance of emotion, action, and identity as well as knowing in the process. These themes are already evident within existing research into the way in which young people in England learn about global poverty and development, as well
as global education theory and commentary. As a result, and despite some limitations, Jarvis's learning theory has potential utility in extending global educators' understanding of young people's global learning.
THINK PIECE: Cognitive justice and integration without duress - The future of development education – perspectives from the South
Authors: Odora Hoppers Catherine A.
Published: September 2016

In a time of unacceptable global injustice, growing inequalities in the distribution of power, accelerating climate change, and unwavering racism and social exclusion, we are today facing the biggest challenges of human history' (European Conference on Intercultural Dialogue in Development
Education, 2008: 1). A favourable wind is blowing slowly and steadfastly from the South. No longer is the South an 'object' of inquiry (Bhaba, 1995; De Silva et al., 1988; Prakash, 1995). The transition from bandit colonialism through the intricate systems of the modern triage society
(Nandy, 1997; 2000) that is wired for Western cultural compliance is being challenged. We have to start 'rethinking thinking' itself from the constitutive rules: how paradigms are made; how rules are policed; how the architecture of modern institutions is fashioned to make them behave the
way they do (Odora Hoppers, 2009b; Odora Hoppers and Richards, 2012). We have to raise the issue of the fate of the grass roots into the global arena, where ways of knowing and the issue of indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) can be given higher priority. By doing this, we join hands in articulating
the defences of the mind and conceptual categories that the grass roots use to organize their thoughts and keep their actions alive, not just in the villages, but also in the public sphere. Turning the previously colonized into participants in a new moral and cognitive venture against oppression
requires more than just periodic elections. The atrophy of human capabilities that has characterized human development in the context of both bandit colonialism and the modern triage society demands the development of a plurality of insights, of critical traditions, and a deepening of the
tools for diagnosis, and hence the quality of prognosis.
Embolia Pulmonar em Portugal: Epidemiologia e Mortalidade Intra-Hospitalar
Authors: Gouveia Miguel , Pinheiro Luís , Costa João , Borges Margarida
Published: September 2016

Introdução: Em Portugal, a epidemiologia da embolia pulmonar aguda é mal conhecida. Neste estudo, pretendeu-se caracterizar a embolia pulmonar a partir dos dados do internamento hospitalar, assim como avaliar a sua mortalidade intra-hospitalar (definida como mortalidade do internamento hospitalar) e respetivos fatores de prognóstico.Material e Métodos: Microdados dos Grupos de Diagnóstico Homogéneo dos hospitais do Sistema Nacional de Saúde (2003 a 2013) e dados sobre população do Instituto Nacional de Estatística para estabelecer a evolução dos internamentos, da mortalidade intrahospitalar e das taxas de incidência na população. Os microdados foram estudados numa regressão logit modelizando a mortalidade intra-hospitalar como função de características individuais e de variáveis de contexto.Resultados: Entre 2003 e 2013 ocorreram 35 200 episódios de internamento (doentes ≥ 18 anos) em que pelo menos um dos diagnósticos foi embolia pulmonar (diagnóstico principal em 67% dos casos). A taxa de incidência estimada em 2013 foi 35/100 000 habitantes (≥ 18 anos). Entre 2003 e 2013, o número anual de episódios foi aumentando, mas a taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi diminuindo (de 31,8% para 17% em todos os episódios e de 25% para 11,2% nos episódio com embolia pulmonar como diagnóstico principal). Entre 2010 e 2013 a probabilidade de morte reduziu-se com a existência de registo de tomografia computorizada, em doentes do género feminino e aumentou com a idade e a presença de comorbilidades.Discussão: Na última década ocorreu um aumento da incidência de embolia pulmonar provavelmente relacionado com um maior número de pessoas dependentes e acamadas. No entanto, verificou-se uma redução da mortalidade intra-hospitalar de tal dimensão que a própria taxa de mortalidade na população em geral se reduziu. Uma explicação possível é que tenha ocorrido um aumento dos episódios de embolia pulmonar com níveis de gravidade incrementalmente menores, pela maior capacidade de diagnóstico de casos menos graves. Outra explicação possível é uma maior efetividade dos cuidados de saúde hospitalares. De acordo com a análise deregressão logística, as melhorias na efetividade dos cuidados hospitalares nos últimos anos são o principal responsável pela redução da mortalidade.Conclusão: Cerca de 79% da redução da mortalidade intra-hospitalar da embolia pulmonar entre 2003 e 2013 pode-se atribuir à maior efetividade dos cuidados de saúde hospitalares e o restante à alteração favorável nas características dos doentes associadas ao risco de morte.
Tratamento de Carcinomatose Meníngea por Quimioterapia Intratecal Através de Catéter Reservatório de Ommaya: Experiência de um Centro Neurocirúrgico
Authors: Lavrador José Pedro , Simas Nuno , Oliveira Edson , Carvalho Manuel Herculano
Published: September 2016

Introdução: A carcinomatose meníngea consiste na infiltração de células tumorais ao longo das leptomeninges e espaço subaracnoideu, encontrando-se associada a uma sobrevida média de 2 - 5 meses. As indicações sobre a modalidade mais adequada de tratamento permanecem tema de discussão, sendo fundamental um correto conhecimento da história natural da doença e da dualidade risco-benefício para uma decisão terapêutica interdisciplinar.Material e Métodos: Análise retrospectiva dos doentes com diagnóstico de carcinomatose meníngea com origem em tumores sólidos submetidos a colocação de catéter reservatório de Ommaya no período entre 2006 a 2014 no Serviço de Neurocirurgia do Hospital Santa Maria.Resultados: Foram operados 23 doentes com carcinomatose meníngea (19 mulheres, quatro homens) com idade média de 56,1 ± 2,2 anos. A origem do tumor primário foi: mama – 16 doentes, pulmão – quatro doentes, estômago, bexiga e colo do útero – um doente cada. Não se verificaram complicações tais como infecção, hematomas intracranianos ou fístula de líquor. A sobrevida média dos 21 doentes falecidos à data foi de 26,4 ± 7,7 semanas (mínimo nove dias, máximo 118 semanas). A análise estatística não ajustada revelou que o sexo masculino esteve associado a pior prognóstico (p value = 0,0032), enquanto a análise ajustada mostrou que a origem na mama esteve associada a melhor prognóstico (p value = 0,036) quando comparada com as outras etiologias (HR: 4,36 ± 3,06; 95% IC: 1,10 - 17,25). Um maior tempo de evolução de doença primária até ao diagnóstico esteve associado a melhor prognóstico, apesar de não ter atingido significado estatístico.Discussão: Apesar da colocação de catéter reservatório de Ommaya ser um procedimento com baixo risco de complicações, a resposta à quimioterapia intratecal é limitada e o prognóstico da doença poderá não justificar um procedimento cirúrgico num doente com mau estado funcional. A relação da sobrevida global com a origem do tumor primário sugere que o prognóstico da carcinomatose meníngea deve ser considerado no contexto da doença sistémica e não como uma doença isolada. O pior prognóstico do sexo masculino pode justificar-se pela menor incidência do tumor da mama neste género.Conclusão: A carcinomatose meníngea está associada a um mau prognóstico. Origem primária na mama, maior tempo de evolução de doença primária e idade < 60 anos estiveram associados a sobrevida mais longa.
Prevalência da Cárie Dentária de Doentes Diabéticos Tipo 1 Tratados com Bomba Infusora de Insulina
Authors: Garcia Rosana , Coelho Ana , Paula Anabela , Ferreira Manuel Marques , Caramelo Francisco , Barros Luísa , Batista Carla , Melo Miguel , Silva Mário Jorge , Carrilho Eunice
Published: September 2016

Introdução: A diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e a saúde oral relacionam-se de forma estrita e recíproca, reconhecendo-se nos pacientes diabéticos uma maior suscetibilidade a uma grande variedade de patologias orais. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em investigar a relação entre a prevalência da cárie dentária em indivíduos diabéticos tipo 1 tratados com bomba infusora de insulina e a de indivíduos não diabéticos.Material e Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo clínico observacional, analítico e transversal. Incluíram-se no grupo de estudo 30 indivíduos adultos com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 tratados com bomba infusora de insulina (selecionados do Centro Hospitalar da Universidade de Coimbra) e no grupo de controlo 30 doentes não diabéticos (selecionados por entre os acompanhantes dos primeiros). Os elementos de ambos os grupos foram observados entre janeiro e maio de 2015, na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, por um médico dentista. A avaliação clínica foi acompanhada do preenchimento de um formulário clínico adaptado aos objetivosda investigação. Para análise estatística assumiu-se um nível de significância de 5%.Resultados: O grupo de estudo apresentou valores semelhantes de índice de cárie dentária e de placa bacteriana aos registados no grupo de controlo. Não se registaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos no que diz respeito a hábitos de higiene oral e à frequência de visitas ao médico dentista.Discussão: Embora a dieta dos doentes diabéticos seja menos abundante em hidratos de carbono, prevendo uma menor exposição a alimentos cariogénicos, o elevado número de refeições ingeridas de forma fracionada pode aumentar o risco de cárie, uma vez que o valor de pH crítico para desmineralização é atingido mais vezes ao longo do dia. No entanto, a existência de uma patologia crónica pode determinar um elevado nível de cuidados preventivos gerais, inclusivamente resultando numa melhoria global do seu nível de saúde oral, o que poderá justificar os resultados obtidos.Conclusão: A presença de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 em doentes tratados com bomba de insulina não está associada a um aumento da prevalência de lesões de cárie dentária.
Causes of Death in an Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Unit of a Portuguese General Hospital
Authors: Barbosa Sofia , Sequeira Márcia , Castro Sara , Manso Rita , Câmara Catarina Klut , Trancas Bruno , Borja-Santos Nuno , Maia Teresa
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Psychiatric patients are at increased risk of death from a number of natural and unnatural causes. This study examines the mortality causes of all psychiatric inpatients of an acute psychiatric unit at a general hospital in Portugal for sixteen years (1998 to 2013).Material and Methods: Twenty-one inpatients died at the inpatient unit between 1998 and 2013 (average 1.3 per year). A retrospective study through case-file review was carried to collect demographic characteristics, medical and psychiatry diagnosis. Patients transferred to other wards during their admission were not included.Results: Circulatory system diseases were the most prevalent causes of death, occurring in 2/3 of patients and include pulmonary embolism (n = 6), acute stroke (n = 3), cardiac arrhythmia (n = 2), acute myocardial infarction (n = 1), abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture (n = 1) and heart failure (n = 1). Two patients died with pneumonia and in four cases the cause of death was undetermined. Only one case of suicide was registered.Discussion: Circulatory conditions were the most frequent causes of death in our inpatient unit. Albeit a relatively rare event, inpatient suicide does occur and, in addition to its complex consequences on staff, family and patients should remain a focus for continued prevention.Conclusion: Mortality studies are important for determining quality of health care and to create recommendations for preventive measures.
Infectious Postpartum Sacroiliitis: The Importance and Difficulty of Early Diagnosis
Authors: Vale-Fernandes Emídio , Rodrigues Fedra , Monteiro Carla , Carvalho Luís
Published: September 2016

The sacroiliitis accounts for about 1.5% - 10% of all cases of septic arthritis and it is strongly associated with gynaecological infections, pelvic trauma or drug abuse (3.4% - 12.8% of cases occur during the postpartum period). Early diagnosis is difficult because the symptoms are nonspecific in pregnancy and in the postpartum period, making the delay of treatment a serious risk of irreversible damage to the joint and development of post-infectious complications. The authors describe the case of a 37-year-old puerperal woman presented to hospital, weeks after urgent caesarean section, with endometritis, post-anesthetic epidural hematoma and secondary infectious postpartum sacroiliitis. The diagnosis of sacroiliac joints pathology during pregnancy and puerperium is challenging. The pathogenesis of infectious sacroiliitis results from local contamination by contiguous infection or hematogenous spread of bacterial infections. The prognosis is usually favorable and depends on early diagnosis and treatment.
Streptococcus agalactiae Native Valve Endocarditis: Uncommon Presentation of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Pinho Oliveira Ana , Delgado Anne , Martins Cláudia , Gama Pedro
Published: September 2016

Adults with chronic immunosuppressive conditions are at an increased risk for Streptococcus agalactiae endocarditis, which is typically characterized by acute onset, presence of large vegetations, rapid valvular destruction and frequent complications. We report a rare case of a 74 years old man presenting with fever, renal infarction, ischemic stroke and uveitis. Infective endocarditis was diagnosed and Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated in blood cultures. A multiple myeloma Ig G-K was also diagnosed. The infective endocarditis was successfully treated with a course of benzylpenicillin and gentamicin. The authors highlight the severity of vascular embolic disease present in this case and the diagnostic challenge. They also intend to remind about the association between Streptococcus agalactiae endocarditis and chronic diseases, despite its low reported prevalence.
Propeller Cavitation in Non-Uniform Flow and Correlation with the Near Pressure Field
Authors: Alves Pereira Francisco , Di Felice Fabio , Salvatore Francesco
Published: September 2016

An experimental study is carried out in a cavitation tunnel on a propeller operating downstream of a non-uniform wake. The goal of this work is to establish quantitative correlations between the near pressure field and the cavitation pattern that takes place on the propeller blades. The pressure field is measured at the walls of the test section and in the near wake of the propeller, and is combined with quantitative high-speed image recording of the cavitation pattern. Through simple harmonic analysis of the pressure data and image processing techniques that allow to retrieve the cavitation extension and volume, we discuss the potential sources that generate the pressure fluctuations. Time correlations are unambiguously established between pressure peak fluctuations and cavitation collapse events, based upon the Rayleigh collapse time. Finally, we design a model to predict the cavitation-induced pressure fluctuations from the derivation of the cavitation volume acceleration. This simple model demonstrates a remarkable agreement with the actual pressure field.
Assessment of Impediments and Factors Affecting Waste Management: A Case of Accra Metropolis
Authors: Fagariba Clifford James , Song Shaoxian
Published: September 2016

Solid waste management in Accra is a major challenge to the Metropolitan Authorities and inhabitants. The rapidly increasing population coupled with poor capacity of the municipal and private waste management companies to management waste effectively has created issues of environmental concern. Due to poor wastement managements systems, most household dispose waste discriminately leading to floods and health issues. The study showed that about 60% of household waste is organic materials which has the potential to be converted to compost for agriculture purpose. Meanwhile plastics and rubbers which litters the environment  as well as blocking major storm drains and gutters hence creating huge environmental hazard is made of 11% of the total component of most household waste generated daily. The study also revealed that among the methods of disposing waste, dumping waste in skip containers located at authorized places was the preferred means of disposing waste by household though others also dispose waste by other means such as burying and burning. Inadequate skip containers per population of household in an area coupled with irregularity of tracks picking these containers makes skip containers dumping site ugly scene, hence creating health issues. Among the constraints that impact negatively on sustainable waste management in Accra Metropolis, economic constraints was perceived as the main challenge which affect efficient waste management as currently the country is going through serious economic challenges so government does not release money timely to fund projects which waste management is key. Most donor partners that use to support the government with funds have either reduced or redrawn their services as they have no confidence in the state of Ghana economy. Aside the constrains, the study also indicated that factors such as poor public attitude towards waste management, poor enforcement of sanitation by-laws, inadequate and untimely release of government funds were also seen as the main factors affecting waste management.