bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competing analyses and differential cost in the production of non-subject relative clauses
Authors: Corrêa Letícia M. Sicuro , Augusto Marina R. A. , Marcilese Mercedes
Published: May 2018

The computational cost of restrictive non-subject relative clauses (RCs) in different processing conditions is discussed in relation to competing analyses of RCs. An elicited production experiment is reported in which adult speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) were asked to continue a preamble in such a way that a right-branching restrictive RC would enable a particular referent to be identified. Two processing conditions were contrasted: fully planned (FPlan), in which the speaker could plan the RC as the sentence production started; and partially planned (PPlan), in which production started before it was clear that a restrictive RC was the only option to encode the reference unambiguously. It was anticipated that the number of standard RCs would be lower in the PPlan condition, with an increase in the non-standard alternatives. This prediction is verified, with chopping standing as a cost reducing strategy in the production of indirect object RCs. It is argued that, for the standard strategy, RCs as complements (as conceived of in most raising analyses) suit an online model of RC computation in the fully planned condition; however, the possibility of RCs as adjuncts, as proposed by most head external and matching analyses, is required for the incremental computation of a restrictive RC in the partially planned condition.
La privatización, sus formas y su proceso
Authors: Peñate Guerra Margarita Isabel , Bonilla Romano Yudis Yaneth , Vásquez Alvarado Sergio Alonso
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 49, 1996: 25-42
Lower Extremity Megaprostheses in Orthopaedic Oncology
Authors: Lozano Calderón Santiago A. , Kuechle Joseph , Raskin Kevin A. , Hornicek Francis J.
Published: May 2018

The megaprosthesis is designed to reproduce the form and function of a removed or lost large segment of bone and accompanying soft tissues. Slow but substantial improvements in the design and surgical implementation of these devices have advanced the capacity to restore patients’ functional abilities. The essential challenges include identifying the ideal materials, bonding these materials to bone and soft tissues, reproducing functional anatomy, and adapting to the growing skeleton. Failure of these devices can result from soft-tissue insufficiency, aseptic loosening, structural failures, infection, and tumor recurrence. The history of the use of megaprostheses in the pelvis, proximal femur, distal femur, total femur, and proximal tibia has shown that each anatomic area presents unique challenges. Improvements that have been made over the years will guide the development of the next generation of devices. Despite early high complication rates, these devices are a reasonable choice in the right patient.
The Impact of Electronic Banking Services on Customer Satisfaction in the Sudanese Banking Sector
Authors: Hamid Adam Ahmed Musa , Alabsy Nabil Mohamed Abdo , Mukhtar Mohanad Abbas
Published: May 2018

This research paper aims to study the impact of electronic banking services on customer satisfaction at Sudanese banks. Questionnaires were designed by the researchers. Data and information have been collected and analyzed from the internet users in the Sudanese banks clients. The study found that there are statistical significant differences of electronic services provided by the Sudanese banks on customer satisfaction. The study attempted to explain the various means of electronic banking services which might lead to the customer satisfaction.This paper showed that the banking services over the internet has a positive impact on customer satisfaction. This study recommended that the bank management should focus on spreading the knowledge of the electronic banking services to the customers. This study emphasized the importance of the electronic banking services and recommended that the bank management should spread the technological awareness among current and prospective customers, and develop suitable infrastructure for electronic banking services in the Sudanese banking sector.
A New Policy-Making Model for Development of National Insurance Services Market Based on Resource-Based Approach
Authors: Mehr Mohammad Ayati , Haghighi Mohammad , Hosseini Mohammad Ali Shah , Naij Assad Allah Kurd
Published: May 2018

Insurance industry is one of those industries providing financial services for people that couldn’t achieve a balanced development in provision of different services. In other words, insurance companies didn’t have a favorable performance as compared with other countries, except for provision of services for automobile industry. This actually pinpoints that the conditions for development and penetration into this market is not that much optimal. The main objective of this study is to provide a policy-making model for the development of service market under the light of a resource-based approach and investigation of model relations. The research method applied in this study is qualitative and it follows an applied objective. The population for this study are specified to the development of the model and interview was used to identify the criteria. The sample includes insurance companies’ managers and experts. These people have at least a bachelor’s degree and they have more than ten years of experience of managerial work. The number of experts included in this study include 20 people using saturation limit approach. The data were analyzed using grounded theory approach. The results showed that the main phenomenon was the concept of market-orientation. In addition, the causal conditions of this study include future-orientation and technological infrastructures. In intervention part of the study, dynamism of industry has been specified. In another part related to the context, culture has been identified. The identified strategies in the field of policy-making include innovativeness, entrepreneurialism, and a positive picture of the industry. Finally, the outcome of this model was the development of the market. The main suggestion of this study was to improve social culture. Besides, it will create a trusting mechanism with regard to policy-making and therefore the required atmosphere for the development and strengthening the market will be created.
Water Security and Local People Sensitivity to Climate Variability and Change Among Coastal Communities in Zanzibar
Authors: Makame Makame Omar , Kangalawe Richard Y.M.
Published: May 2018

This paper presents one part of a larger, multidimensional study on the vulnerability of Zanzibar coastal communities to climate change and other stressors, focusing on water insecurity in two sites on the Zanzibar coast. Water security is composed of three components, namely water availability, water accessibility and the quality of available water. Findings from the study showed that water from wells is the major source of household water since tap water supply is often erratic. Farming systems are completely rain-fed, while some livestock owners use coral caves as the main source of water for their animals. Water quality is a major challenge along the coast as the majority of wells and coral caves in the study sites contain hard water with varying levels of salinity. A diversity of physical and social factors such as variability in water supply infrastructure, settlement structure, poverty, geology and geohydrology, variability in supply and poor water resource management adversely interact with local climate phenomena such as sea level rise, salt water incursion and drought to intensify water insecurity along the Zanzibar coast. Among the policy options to address these challenges would be to promote rainwater harvesting and increased utilisation of underground water for irrigation in the dry areas in order to increase agricultural production and reduce poverty.
Comparative Evaluation of Medical Thermal Image Enhancement Techniques for Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Abdul Wahab Asnida , Mohamad Salim Maheza Irna , Yunus Jasmy , Ramlee Muhammad Hanif
Published: May 2018

Thermography is a potential medical imaging modality due to its capability in providing additional physiological information. Medical thermal images obtained from infrared thermography systems incorporate valuable temperature properties and profiles, which could indicate underlying abnormalities. The quality of thermal images is often degraded due to noise, which affects the measurement processes in medical imaging. Contrast stretching and image filtering techniques are normally adopted in medical image enhancement processes. In this study, a comparative evaluation of contrast stretching and image filtering on individual channels of true color thermal images was conducted. Their individual performances were quantitatively measured using mean square error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). The results obtained showed that contrast stretching altered the temperature profile of the original image while image filtering appeared to enhance the original image with no changes in its profile. Further measurement of both MSE and PSNR showed that the Wiener filtering method outperformed other filters with an average MSE value of 0.0045 and PSNR value of 78.739 dB. Various segmentation methods applied to both filtered and contrast stretched images proved that the filtering method is preferable for in-depth analysis.
Recent Changes of Classification for Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Head and Neck
Authors: Cho Kyung-Ja , Song Joon Seon
Published: May 2018

Context.—

Interpretation of atypical squamous lesions of the head and neck has always been a nettlesome task for pathologists. Moreover, many different grading systems for squamous intraepithelial lesions have been proposed in past decades. The recent World Health Organization 2017 classification presents 2 types of 2-tier systems for laryngeal and oral precursor lesions.

Objective.—

To review the recent changes in classification and the clinical significance for squamous intraepithelial lesions of the head and neck.

Data Sources.—

Personal experience and data from the literature.

Conclusions.—

The 2-tier grading system for laryngeal dysplasia, presented by World Health Organization in 2017, is expected to improve diagnostic reproducibility and clinical implication. However, the diagnostic criteria for low-grade dysplasia do not distinguish it clearly from basal cell hyperplasia. The World Health Organization 2017 classification of oral epithelial dysplasia remains unclear, and complicated and variable grading systems still make head and neck intraepithelial lesions difficult to interpret.
Diffuse Gliomas for Nonneuropathologists: The New Integrated Molecular Diagnostics
Authors: Lee Sunhee C.
Published: May 2018

Diffuse gliomas comprise the bulk of “brain cancer” in adults. The recent update to the 4th edition of the World Health Organization's classification of tumors of the central nervous system reflects an unprecedented change in the landscape of the diagnosis and management of diffuse gliomas that will affect all those involved in the management and care of patients. Of the recently discovered gene alterations, mutations in the Krebs cycle enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) 1 and 2 have fundamentally changed the way the gliomas are understood and classified. Incorporating information on a few genetic parameters (IDH, ATRX and/or p53, and chromosome 1p19q codeletion), a relatively straightforward diagnostic algorithm has been generated with robust and reproducible results that correlate with patients' survival far better than relying on conventional histology alone. Evidence also supports the conclusion that the vast majority of diffuse gliomas without IDH mutations (IDH–wild-type astrocytomas) behave like IDH–wild-type glioblastomas (“molecular GBM”). Together, these changes reflect a big shift in the practice of diagnostic neuropathology in which tumor risk stratification aligns better with molecular information than histology/grading. The purpose of this review is to provide the readers with a brief synopsis of the changes in the 2016 World Health Organization update with an emphasis on diffuse gliomas and to summarize key gene abnormalities on which these classifications are based. Practical points involved in day-to-day diagnostic workup are also discussed, along with a comparison of the various diagnostic tests, including immunohistochemistry, with an emphasis on targeted next-generation sequencing panel technology as a future universal approach.
About a Rare Case of Low-Grade Chondrosarcoma of the Cranial Vault
Authors: Leonello Tacconi  , Gennaro D’Acunzi  , Camilla Russo  , Andrea Manto  , Ginevra F. D’Onofrio  , Raffaele Fristachi
Published: May 2018

Chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumour arising from the cartilage with a high variability in the clinicalcourse and overall prognosis. This entity has, generally, a predilection for long bones of the limbs and pelvis and the location in the cranial bones is quite rare. We report a case of a 38 year male with a large and poorly symptomatic parafalcine chondrosarcoma of the cranial vault which was removed en bloc. The described location is extremely rare. Magnetic Resonance Imaging permitted to better delineate the lesion and plan the most appropriate therapeutic approach. Final diagnosis was based on histological examination, which confirmed the hypothesis of low-grade parafalcine chondrosarcoma. Even though surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for cerebral chondrosarcomas, adjuvant radiotherapy such as stereotactic, proton beam or carbon ion-beam therapy might be necessary in aggressive or incomplete removed cases.
Pharmacotherapeutic Options for Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive CML
Authors: Atish Patel  , Hui Zhang  , Deshen Wang  , Dong-Hua Yang  , Sanjay Dholakiya  , Zhe-Sheng Chen1
Published: May 2018

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder of hematopoietic stem cells. Identifying the leading mutation in BCR-ABL that causes CML made it possible to develop a targeted approach against this vastly disseminating disease. The active tyrosine kinase protein of BCR-ABL was effectively blocked with an identified tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), imatinib. Imatinib became the first targeted therapy licensed for patients with chronic-phase CML and its introduction was associated with substantial improvements in response and survival compared with previous therapies. However, drug resistance towards imatinib therapy soon emerged and hence limited the complete eradication of CML in patients receiving imatinib. This is primarily due to the mutations within the ABL kinase domain, and to a lesser degree, due to residual disease after treatment. Nilotinib and dasatinib were soon introduced and showed improved clinical outcomes in patients intolerant and resistant to imatinib treatment. However, the T315I mutant overcame these agents along with imatinib, rendering the treatment ineffective. Exploring the kinase domain of the BCR-ABL protein and identifying key components involved in the signal transduction pathways is crucial towards understanding the disease and developing better strategic approaches towards combating it. In this review, we broadly discuss the current treatment options available against Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) positive BCR-ABL CML.
2014 World Figure Skating Championships in Reus: feedback from participants and economic legacy
Authors: Murillo C. , Carles M. , Llop M. , Moya X. , Planas D.
Published: May 2018

En 2014 se ha celebrado en Reus el Campeonato Mundial de Patinaje Artístico. Este evento acoge las distintas modalidades de patinaje. Participaron 1.200 deportistas y cerca de 20 mil espectadores. La satisfacción entre el público alcanzó la puntuación de 8,5, sobre 10, y 8,1 entre los deportistas. La fidelización se expresó favorablemente puesto que el 95% del público asistente y el 90% de los deportistas encuestados recomendarían a sus amigos y familiares la asistencia a un espectáculo parecido. El gasto directo estimado que ha revertido en el territorio es de 2,1 millones (euros). El multiplicador de la inversión es 3,22, mientras que el multiplicador relativo al consumo alcanza la cifra de 2,29 para el gasto de la organización y 2,71 para el gasto de asistentes. El efecto total se estima, para el conjunto de la economía de Cataluña, en 5,5 millones de euros. Los sectores más beneficiados son el turismo (22,8%), comercio (14,8%), servicios a empresas (14,2%) y transporte y comunicaciones (10%).
Analyse des compétences transactionnelles de jeunes élèves lors d’activités de lecture d’un album
Authors: Lassère-Totchilkine Camille
Published: May 2018

Cet article s’intéressera à l’activité d’élèves âgés de 3 ans environ dans une classe de petite section de maternelle, au cours de lectures d’un récit de fiction illustré. À partir de cinq séances enregistrées, nous analyserons les échanges langagiers oraux relevés pendant les lectures, et pendant la discussion qui les prolonge. Parmi ces échanges langagiers, nous distinguerons et catégoriserons quantitativement et qualitativement les énoncés d’élèves qui témoignent d’un dialogue avec le texte ou les illustrations : les compétences transactionnelles. L’étude de la quantité et de la diversité des catégories de transactions au fil des séances permettra de renseigner les caractéristiques de l’activité de lecture de très jeunes élèves.
Améliorer l’orthographe chez les élèves de 10 à 13 ans : entrainement par dictées guidées
Authors: Le Brun Isabelle , Bosse Marie-Line , Valdois Sylviane
Published: May 2018

Apprendre l’orthographe reste une tâche difficile pour nombre d’élèves et conditionne fortement leur vécu scolaire et leur réussite. Étudier l’efficacité des méthodes employées pour améliorer l’apprentissage de l’orthographe chez les élèves est donc primordial. Ici, nous avons testé l’efficacité d’un entrainement consistant à effectuer des dictées guidées par un support donnant plusieurs indices sur les mots à écrire, notamment leur nombre de lettres. Cet entrainement est comparé à un entrainement par des dictées classiques, non guidées. Les résultats indiquent que l’entrainement avec dictées guidées est plus efficace que l’entrainement avec dictées classiques pour les élèves de niveau moyen-faible en orthographe. Les élèves très faibles en orthographe progressent de façon similaire quel que soit le type d’entrainement et aucun progrès n’est observé chez les élèves déjà performants en orthographe.
L’écriture : ce qu’en disent des élèves de fin de primaire
Authors: Colin Didier
Published: May 2018

L’article présente les résultats d’une enquête sur l’écriture menée en France par questionnaire auprès de 160 élèves de dernière année de primaire (CM2). L’analyse de contenu menée fait apparaitre que les élèves interrogés ont du mal à objectiver ce qu’est l’écriture dans la diversité de ses fonctions. Le primat de la correction sur toutes les autres préoccupations et la peur de faire des erreurs ne facilitent pas leur entrée dans l’écriture. Pour les élèves, la langue posée en termes de maitrise est censée assurer aux scripteurs une réussite instantanée de leurs énoncés. Au vu des objets convoqués dans leurs réponses, les élèves ont construit, au terme de leur scolarité primaire, des conceptions encore peu susceptibles de faciliter leur entrée dans les dimensions spécifiques à l’écriture et partant, dans une littératie étendue.
L’usage du numérique à l’école élémentaire en France : résultats de l’étude « Lire-écrire au CP »
Authors: Viriot-Goeldel Caroline , Crinon Jacques , Piquée Céline , Marin Brigitte
Published: May 2018

La présente recherche exploite les données de l’étude «Lire-écrire au CP» pour déterminer et analyser la part du numérique dans l’enseignement de la lecture en première année d’école élémentaire en France. En moyenne, près de 6 % des tâches de lecture-écriture sont effectuées avec un support numérique. Si l’utilisation de l’ordinateur ou de la tablette demeure marginale, on note en revanche une percée du tableau numérique interactif (TNI). Parmi les 131 classes participant à notre étude, 24 en sont équipées. Elles l’utilisent en moyenne 117 minutes par semaine pour travailler la lecture-écriture. L’analyse des vidéos de ces classes témoigne d’une utilisation majoritairement assez proche de celle du tableau traditionnel. Les analyses multiniveaux conduites n’ont permis de déceler aucun effet de ce type d’usage du TNI sur les progrès des élèves.
Compréhension de lecture et habiletés inférentielles : exploration des connaissances et des pratiques déclarées d’enseignants au primaire
Authors: St-Pierre Marie-Catherine , Hamel Christine , Desmarais Chantal , Bélisle Brigitte , Desmeules Amélie
Published: May 2018

Générer des inférences justes est une habileté cruciale pour la compréhension en lecture (CL). Or, les pratiques d’enseignement pour cette habileté sont peu documentées. Pour mieux comprendre les pratiques actuelles, nous avons administré un questionnaire à 15 enseignantes pour dresser un portrait préliminaire des connaissances et pratiques déclarées quant aux inférences en CL. Nos résultats illustrent que la majorité des participantes démontre un niveau adéquat de connaissances générales quant aux inférences, alors que moins de 60 % démontrent un niveau plus approfondi. La plupart des enseignantes déclarent des pratiques documentées optimales, et ce, même si la régularité et la guidance sont rapportées par moins de 50 %. Au final, les pratiques déclarées apparaissent liées aux connaissances démontrées pour 73 % des participantes.
Les influences disciplinaires de la criminologie (1991-2014)
Authors: Nadeau1 France , Mongeon Philippe , Larivière Vincent
Published: May 2018

Au cours de son histoire, la criminologie a été influencée par de nombreuses disciplines. Elle est d’abord marquée, au début duxxesiècle, par la sociologie positiviste aux États-Unis et par la psychiatrie en Grande-Bretagne, avant d’être fortement influencée par des courants critiques issus de la sociologie. Puis, à partir des années 1990, elle s’ouvre à nouveau aux perspectives de différentes disciplines. Basée sur les références citées par un ensemble de revues de criminologie principalement de langue anglaise, cette étude analyse la place qu’y ont occupée les différentes disciplines entre 1991 et 2014. Il en ressort que les articles de criminologie sont de plus en plus interdisciplinaires, avec 65 % des articles de 2014 citant plus de trois disciplines. Au sein de ces articles, la proportion des références occupée par la psychologie est en progression, au détriment des références faites aux sciences sociales et au droit. Lorsqu’on examine les références citées par les revues et l’affiliation de leurs auteurs, on observe que 42 % des revues étudiées ont un profil interdisciplinaire alors que 22 % s’inscrivent dans une perspective sociocriminologique, 22 % sont centrées sur la psychologie et 4 % sur le droit. L’analyse du réseau de citations de ces revues montre enfin que les revues centrales de la discipline ont des influences disciplinaires variées : des revues ancrées dans la criminologie et les sciences sociales y côtoient des revues interdisciplinaires ainsi que des publications centrées sur la psychologie.
Les paradigmes de la revue Criminologie : auteurs, revues et disciplines qui ont marqué son histoire
Authors: Leclerc1 Chloé , Ream Fyscillia , Décary-Hétu David , Macaluso Benoît , Larivière Vincent
Published: May 2018

Cet article vise à décrire les influences intellectuelles de la revueCriminologie. Pour ce faire, les 19 813 références faites par les articles publiés dans la revueCriminologieau cours des 40 dernières années sont analysées de manière à dégager l’influence qu’elles ont pu avoir sur les auteurs de la revue. Les auteurs, revues et disciplines les plus influents sont répertoriés et mis en relation avec les caractéristiques des articles qui les citent. Les résultats montrent que le savoir qui inspire les auteurs de la revue est très décentralisé : aucun auteur ou revue ne peut prétendre avoir un ascendant sur un nombre important d’auteurs deCriminologie. Les auteurs et les revues les plus cités sont ceux qui ont su se diversifier et retenir l’attention d’un large auditoire qui travaille avec des traditions de recherches différentes.
Criminologie à portée de clic : analyse de l’usage de la revue numérique
Authors: Cameron-Pesant1 Sarah , Sainte-Marie Maxime , Jansen Yorrick , Larivière Vincent
Published: May 2018

À la fin des années 1990, Criminologie est l’une des premières revues savantes québécoises à passer au format numérique. Cet article dresse un portrait de l’usage numérique de la revue, basé sur l’analyse de 858 894 téléchargements extraits des logs du serveur de la plateforme Érudit, de 2010 à 2015. Dans l’ensemble, le lectorat de la revue semble bien établi, l’essentiel des usagers provenant d’Amérique du Nord et d’Europe. L’importance croissante de l’utilisation de la plateforme Érudit dans les pratiques de recherche des usagers, de pair avec l’effet positif de la suppression de la barrière mobile sur la diffusion de la recherche, sont également dignes de mention. Une asymétrie importante dans la distribution des consultations d’articles et de numéros thématiques a également pu être observée, une proportion importante de téléchargements étant l’affaire de quelques articles et numéros thématiques. Enfin, l’analyse des mots clés des articles téléchargés permet de souligner l’importance des problématiques locales ainsi que de la thématique autochtone en général.
Le criminel tel qu’il est représenté et étudié dans la revue Criminologie entre 1968 et 2016
Authors: Ouellet1 Frédéric , Thomas Valérie
Published: May 2018

Cet article examine la couverture et le traitement du criminel dans la revue Criminologie. Pour observer la représentation du criminel et son étude à travers le temps, des articles empiriques publiés entre 1968 et 2016 qui répondent à certains critères ont été retenus : ils devaient avoir pour objet d’étude principal le criminel et s’appuyer sur une méthodologie détaillée, rigoureuse et ayant un devis reproductible. Ainsi, 24 articles ont été retenus. Dans ceux-ci, la définition du criminel repose sur un présupposé opératoire. Alors que la manière d’identifier le criminel varie très peu et qu’elle se fait le plus souvent sur la base des antécédents criminels officiels, la nomination du criminel varie en fonction de diverses caractéristiques. L’étude du criminel, elle, se centre surtout autour des conduites ou des carrières criminelles, comme en témoigne la majorité des études qui en font leur question d’étude. Les devis sont variés, mais il y a une forte majorité de devis quantitatifs, et bien que les devis longitudinaux doivent être favorisés dans l’étude des carrières criminelles, ils se font rares. Les données autorapportées sont davantage employées dans l’étude du criminel que les données officielles, ce qui souligne la limite de celles-ci dans l’étude de cette thématique. Des pistes de recherche sur l’étude du criminel sont proposées dans la conclusion.
Mesquite bugs and other insects in the diet of pallid bats in southeastern Arizona
Authors: Czaplewski Nicholas J , Menard Katrina L , Peachey William D
Published: May 2018

The pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) is a species of arid and semiarid western North America, inhabiting ecoregions ranging from desert to oak and pine forest. Considered primarily insectivorous predators on large arthropods but taking occasional small vertebrate prey, pallid bats were recently shown to be at least seasonally omnivorous; they demonstrate unusual dietary flexibility and opportunism in certain parts of their geographic range and at different times of year. In a few areas they take nectar from cactus flowers and eat cactus fruit pulp and seeds. Until recently mesquite bugs were primarily tropical-subtropical inhabitants of Mexico and Central America but have since occupied the southwestern United States where mesquite trees occur. Pallid bats regularly use night roosts as temporary shelters in which to process and consume large arthropods caught near their foraging areas. Using a noninvasive method, we investigated the bats’ diet by collecting food parts discarded by the bats beneath three night roosts in soil-piping cavities at the Cienega Creek Natural Preserve, Arizona. We also made phenological and behavioral observations of the mesquite bugs, Thasus neocalifornicus, and their interactions with the mesquite trees. The bats discarded inedible parts of at least 36 species in 8 orders of mainly large-bodied and nocturnal insects below the night-roosts. In addition, one partial bat wing represents predation upon a phyllostomid bat, Choeronycteris mexicana. About 17 of the insect taxa are newly reported as prey for pallid bats, as is the bat C. mexicana. The large majority of culled insect parts (88.8%) were from adult mesquite bugs. As nymphs, mesquite bugs are aposematically colored and secrete noxious pheromones; nymphs did not appear in the bat-culled insect parts. Adult mesquite bugs are darkly colored and secrete different noxious pheromones than the nymphs. During daytime hours in the summer adult bugs are abundant, flying around the canopy and alighting on the edges of the trees. In late summer and early fall they breed and lay eggs that overwinter on the mesquite branches to hatch in January. Soon after breeding, the adult bugs die. When summer heat diminishes and nighttime low temperatures drop below 21°C, the adult bugs become immobile on the periphery of the trees where they probably make easy prey for foliage-gleaning pallid bats. The historically subtropical-tropical mesquite bugs may have moved into the southwestern United States with the spread of cattle and mesquites. In this area of Arizona, pallid bats provide an important natural control on the local mesquite bug population. The high diversity of other insect remains and the remains of another species of bat provide additional supportive evidence of a diet for pallid bats that reflects their plasticity across a variety of habitats. This behavioral plasticity probably enhances the bats’ survival across their range in the face of climate change.
Evaluative prenominal possessives in Spanish
Authors: Eguren Luis
Published: May 2018

In this paper, the properties of Spanish evaluative prenominal possessives (i.e. the affective possessive preceding a proper name, the so-called “emphatic possessive”, and the possessive in the Old and American Spanish doubled possessive construction) are thoroughly described, and compared with those of canonical prenominal possessives. It is mainly proposed that evaluative possessives, in contrast to canonical prenominal possessives, are not base-generated as nominal modifiers and then raise to D0, but are directly merged (mostly) within the DP domain, thus capturing the fact that affective, emphatic and doubling possessives just evaluate the relation between the possessum and the possessor, and are not interpreted as complements of the noun. In order to account for their different distribution, it is further argued that the three types of Spanish evaluative prenominal possessives are inserted (basically) in different structural positions in an split-DP.
Psychological verbs and their arguments
Authors: Seres Daria , Espinal M.Teresa
Published: May 2018

In this paper it is argued that objects of subject experiencer psychological verbs do not have kind reference, but rather refer to individual object entities: specific individuals, generic plurals, and even entity correlates of a property. We argue that objects of transitive subject experiencer psychological verbs must refer to atoms or sums of atoms, because they presuppose the existence of the Target-of-Emotion. Focusing mainly on data from various Romance languages and Russian, we also argue that the Target-of-emotion of psychological verbs such as odiar ‘hate’ cannot refer to a kind entity, conceived as an abstract individual or an abstract sortal concept, but instead can refer to a maximal sum of individual entities, instantiated through a generic plural.
Effect of elevated temperature on membrane lipid saturation in Antarctic notothenioid fish
Authors: Malekar Vanita C. , Morton James D. , Hider Richard N. , Cruickshank Robert H. , Hodge Simon , Metcalf Victoria J.
Published: May 2018

Homeoviscous adaptation (HVA) is a key cellular response by which fish protect their membranes against thermal stress. We investigated evolutionary HVA (long time scale) in Antarctic and non-Antarctic fish. Membrane lipid composition was determined for four Perciformes fish: two closely related Antarctic notothenioid species (Trematomus bernacchiiandPagothenia borchgrevinki); a diversified related notothenioid Antarctic icefish (Chionodraco hamatus); and a New Zealand species (Notolabrus celidotus). The membrane lipid compositions were consistent across the three Antarctic species and these were significantly different from that of the New Zealand species. Furthermore, acclimatory HVA (short time periods with seasonal changes) was investigated to determine whether stenothermal Antarctic fish, which evolved in the cold, stable environment of the Southern Ocean, have lost the acclimatory capacity to modulate their membrane saturation states, making them vulnerable to anthropogenic global warming. We compared liver membrane lipid composition in two closely related Antarctic fish species acclimated at 0 °C (control temperature), 4 °C for a period of 14 days inT. bernacchiiand 28 days forP. borchgrevinki,and 6 °C for 7 days in both species. Thermal acclimation at 4 °C did not result in changed membrane saturation states in either Antarctic species. Despite this, membrane functions were not compromised, as indicated by declining serum osmolality, implying positive compensation by enhanced hypo-osmoregulation. Increasing the temperature to 6 °C did not change the membrane lipids ofP. borchgrevinki.However, inT. bernacchii,thermal acclimation at 6 °C resulted in an increase of membrane saturated fatty acids and a decline in unsaturated fatty acids. This is the first study to show a homeoviscous response to higher temperatures in an Antarctic fish, although for only one of the two species examined.
Association of epilepsy and asthma: a population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chiang Kuo-Liang , Kuo Fang-Chuan , Lee Jen-Yu , Huang Chin-Yin
Published: May 2018

Background

Epidemiologic data supporting the epilepsy–asthma association are insufficient. Therefore, we examined this association in this study.

Methods

By using claims data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (Taiwan), we executed a retrospective cohort analysis. Analysis 1 entailed comparing 150,827 patients diagnosed as having incident asthma during 1996–2013 with disease-free controls who were selected randomly during the same period, frequency matched in terms of age and sex. Similarly, analysis 2 entailed comparing 25,274 patients newly diagnosed as having epilepsy with sex- and age-matched controls who were selected randomly. At the end of 2013, we evaluated in analysis 1 the epilepsy incidence and risk and evaluated in analysis 2 the asthma incidence and risk. We applied Kaplan–Meier analysis to derive plots of the proportion of asthma-free seizures.

Results

In analysis 1, the asthma group exhibited a higher epilepsy incidence than did the control group (3.05 versus 2.26 per 1,000 person-years; adjusted hazard ratio: 1.39, 95% CI [1.33–1.45]). We also noted a greater risk of subsequent epilepsy in women and girls. In analysis 2, we determined that the asthma incidence between the control and epilepsy groups did not differ significantly; however, some age subgroups including children and individuals in their 30s had an increased risk. A negative association was found in adolescents. The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed epilepsy to be positively associated with subsequent onset of asthma within seven years of epilepsy diagnosis.

Discussion

Asthma may be associated with high epilepsy risk, and epilepsy may be associated with high asthma risk among children and individuals in their 30s. Nevertheless, people with epilepsy in other age subgroups should be aware of the possibility of developing asthma within seven years of epilepsy diagnosis.
Annealing‐Induced Hardening in Ultrafine‐Grained Ni–Mo Alloys
Authors: Gubicza Jenő , Pereira Pedro Henrique R. , Kapoor Garima , Huang Yi , Vadlamani Subramanya Sarma , Langdon Terence G.
Published: May 2018

The influence of Mo alloying on annealing‐induced hardening in ultrafine‐grained (UFG) Ni is studied. The hardening observed after low temperature annealing is explained by the annihilation of mobile dislocations and a concomitant clustering of the remaining dislocations into low energy configurations. This study reveals that, with increasing Mo concentration, the hardening effect decreases as the Mo solute atoms hinder the annihilation and rearrangement of dislocations. This trend is the opposite to that observed in electrodeposited Ni–Mo alloys where the larger alloying element concentration yields a higher annealing‐induced strengthening effect. The difference is attributed to the different deformation mechanisms in UFG and nanocrystalline Ni–Mo alloys.
Distinct Optoelectronic Signatures for Charge Transfer and Energy Transfer in Quantum Dot–MoS2 Hybrid Photodetectors Revealed by Photocurrent Imaging Microscopy
Authors: Li Mingxing , Chen Jia‐Shiang , Routh Prahlad K. , Zahl Percy , Nam Chang‐Yong , Cotlet Mircea
Published: May 2018

Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have intriguing nanoscale properties like high charge mobility, photosensitivity, layer‐thickness‐dependent bandgap, and mechanical flexibility, which are all appealing for the development of next generation optoelectronic, catalytic, and sensory devices. Their atomically thin thickness, however, renders TMDCs poor absorptivity. Here, bilayer MoS2 is combined with core‐only CdSe QDs and core/shell CdSe/ZnS QDs to obtain hybrids with increased light harvesting and exhibiting interfacial charge transfer (CT) and nonradiative energy transfer (NET), respectively. Field‐effect transistors based on these hybrids and their responses to varying laser power and applied gate voltage are investigated with scanning photocurrent microscopy (SPCM) in view of their potential utilization in light harvesting and photodetector applications. CdSe–MoS2 hybrids are found to exhibit encouraging properties for photodetectors, like high responsivity and fast on/off response under low light exposure while CdSe/ZnS–MoS2 hybrids show enhanced charge carrier generation with increased light exposure, thus suitable for photovoltaics. While distinguishing optically between CT and NET in QD–TMDCs is nontrivial, it is found that they can be differentiated by SPCM as these two processes exhibit distinctive light‐intensity dependencies: CT causes a photogating effect, decreasing the photocurrent response with increasing light power while NET increases the photocurrent response with increasing light power, opposite to CT case.
The Drive Force of Electrical Breakdown of Large‐Area Molecular Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Yuan Li , Jiang Li , Nijhuis Christian A.
Published: May 2018

The origin of electrical breakdown of molecular tunnel junctions is systematically studied by determination of the breakdown voltages as a function of six types of bottom‐electrodes (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Ni, and Cu) and different thickness of self‐assembled monolayers of n‐alkanethiolates, S(CH2)n–1CH3 with n = 2, 4, …, 18, with GaOx/EGaIn top contacts. It is found that at positive bias, the migration of metallic atoms is dominated by the wind force, but, at negative bias, both the wind force and direct force are involved in the mechanism of filament formation. Remarkably, the breakdown voltage is independent of the molecular length for short molecules (n < 10), and the breakdown field could be improved by a factor of ≈2 from 0.80 to 1.5 GV m−1 by replacing the Ag with Pt (or Ni) bottom electrodes. These findings give insights into the design of stable molecular junctions.
3D DNA Origami Crystals
Authors: Zhang Tao , Hartl Caroline , Frank Kilian , Heuer‐Jungemann Amelie , Fischer Stefan , Nickels Philipp C. , Nickel Bert , Liedl Tim
Published: May 2018

3D crystals assembled entirely from DNA provide a route to design materials on a molecular level and to arrange guest particles in predefined lattices. This requires design schemes that provide high rigidity and sufficiently large open guest space. A DNA‐origami‐based “tensegrity triangle” structure that assembles into a 3D rhombohedral crystalline lattice with an open structure in which 90% of the volume is empty space is presented here. Site‐specific placement of gold nanoparticles within the lattice demonstrates that these crystals are spacious enough to efficiently host 20 nm particles in a cavity size of 1.83 × 105 nm3, which would also suffice to accommodate ribosome‐sized macromolecules. The accurate assembly of the DNA origami lattice itself, as well as the precise incorporation of gold particles, is validated by electron microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments. The results show that it is possible to create DNA building blocks that assemble into lattices with customized geometry. Site‐specific hosting of nano objects in the optically transparent DNA lattice sets the stage for metamaterial and structural biology applications.
Visualization and Quantitative Detection of Friction Force by Self‐Organized Organic Layered Composites
Authors: Terada Hideto , Imai Hiroaki , Oaki Yuya
Published: May 2018

Visualization and quantitative detection of external stimuli are significant challenges in materials science. Quantitative detection of friction force, a mechanical stress, is not easily achieved using conventional stimuli‐responsive materials. Here, the quantitative detection of friction force is reported, such as the strength and accumulated ammount, from the visible color of organic layered composites consisting of polydiacetylene (PDA) and organic amines without an excitation light source. The composites of the layered diacetylene monomer crystal and interlayer organic amine are synthesized through self‐organization from the precursor solution. After topochemical polymerization, the layered composites based on PDA show tunable temperature‐responsive and mechanoresponsive color‐change properties depending on the types of interlayer amines. The layered composites are homogeneously coated on a filter paper. The change in color of the paper is quantitatively used to visualize the strength and accumulated amount of the applied friction force. Furthermore, writing pressure is measured by friction force using the paper device.
Design of Multifunctional Soft Doming Actuator for Soft Machines
Authors: Tang Yichao , Yin Jie
Published: May 2018

Bilayer bending‐based soft actuators are widely utilized in soft robotics for locomotion and object gripping. However, studies on soft actuators based on bilayer doming remain largely unexplored despite the often‐observed dome‐like shapes in undersea animals such as jellyfish and octopus suction cup. Here, based on the simplified model of bending‐induced doming of circular bilayer plates with mismatched deformation, the design of a soft doming actuator upon pneumatic actuation and its implications in the design of multifunctional soft machines are explored. The bilayer actuator is composed of a patterned embedded pneumatic channel on top for radial expansion and a solid elastomeric layer on the bottom for strain‐limiting. It is shown that both the cavity volume and bending angle at the rim of the actuated dome can be controlled by tuning the height gradient of the pneumatic channel along the radial direction. Its potential multifunctional applications are demonstrated in swimming, adhesion, and gripping, including high efficient jellyfish‐inspired underwater soft robots with locomotion speed of 84 cm min−1and rotation‐based soft grippers with low energy cost by harnessing the large rim bending angle, and octopus‐inspired soft adhesion actuators with strong and switchable adhesion force of over 10 N by utilizing the large cavity volume.
Photoassisted Electric Field Modulation of Multiple Nonvolatile Resistance States in Highly Strained Epitaxial BiFeO3 Heterostructures
Authors: Li Dong , Zheng Dongxing , Jin Chao , Li Peng , Liu Xinjun , Zheng Wanchao , Bai Haili
Published: May 2018

For developing the high‐density and high‐speed nonvolatile memory storage, the photoassisted electric field modulation of resistive switching in ferroelectric heterostructures is studied. Highly strained epitaxial BiFeO3 heterostructures are fabricated on LaAlO3 substrates by magnetron sputtering. The electric field‐modulated wide range multilevel resistance and switchable photovoltaic effects are observed in these heterostructures. It is found that the electric field‐modulated interfacial barrier can be further affected by the photogenerated excitons. Therefore, a co‐modulation of light illumination and electric field on the resistive switching behavior is demonstrated, which generates four nonvolatile resistance states.
Mit sichtbarem Licht induzierte, organische photochemische Reaktionen über Energietransferrouten
Authors: Zhou Quan‐Quan , Zou You‐Quan , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: May 2018

Photokatalyse mit sichtbarem Licht ist eine sich schnell entwickelnde und wirksame Strategie zur Initiierung organischer Umwandlungen, und sie folgt den Prinzipien einer grünen und nachhaltigen Chemie. Im Allgemeinen verlaufen die Reaktionspfade der meisten durch sichtbares Licht induzierten photokatalytischen Reaktionen über einen Einelektronentransfer (single‐electron transfer, SET). Neuerdings erfahren auch Energietransferreaktionen (EnT‐Reaktionen), welche durch sichtbares Licht induziert werden, beträchtliche Aufmerksamkeit, da diese Strategie einen spezifischen Reaktionsweg aufweist und bemerkenswerte Fortschritte in diesem Feld erzielt wurden. In diesem Aufsatz diskutieren wir die neuesten Fortschritte im Bereich der durch sichtbares Licht induzierten EnT‐Reaktionen.
Spaltung nicht aktivierter Si‐C(sp3)‐Bindungen mit Reedschen Carboransäuren: Bildung bekannter und unbekannter Silyliumionen
Authors: Wu Qian , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Omann Lukas , Irran Elisabeth , Klare Hendrik F. T. , Oestreich Martin
Published: May 2018

Es wird über eine effiziente Methode zur benzeniumionvermittelten Spaltung reaktionsträger Si‐C(sp3)‐Bindungen berichtet. Damit werden verschiedene Tetraalkylsilane in die entsprechenden gegenanionstabilisierten Silyliumionen überführt. Die Reaktion ist im Falle von Hexamethyldisilan chemoselektiv. Berechnungen decken einen Mechanismus mit Rückseitenangriff des Protons an einer der Alkylgruppen auf. Eine Vielzahl aktivierter Si‐C(spn)‐Bindungen (n=3–1) reagieren gleichermaßen gut, und die Reaktionsvorschrift lässt sich auf die Erzeugung von Stannyliumionen übertragen.