bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weight Loss Experiences of Obese Individuals; Qualitative Study
Authors: DÖNER GÜNER Pınar , KAHVECİ Rabia , AKSOY Hilal , ÖZKARA Adem
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Obesity is a leading preventable cause of
death worldwide. Being overweight or obese has a serious impact on health.
Treatment of obesity needs a comprehensive approach. Biopsychosocial approach
of family physicians is invaluable in obesity management. This study was
performed in order to find answers to “why”, “how’’ and “when’’ our patients
became obese.

Methods:We
conducted in-depth, semi-structured, face to face interviews with 30
participants (BMI>30). Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, and
qualitatively analysed using a thematic framework method.

Results:26
women and 4 men accepted to join our study. Analysis of indepth interviews
emerged 5 major themes which were the different perception of obesity among
individuals; awareness of obesity; loss of selfconfidence; belief in treatment
and effects on quality of life.

Conclusion:Each
patient has a different need and different expectation while controlling
weight. As a part of biopsychosocial approach the family physician needs to
understand the factors that bring the patient to current condition and see
which approach would be the best for individual patient for weight management.
Evaluation of Sociodemographic and Clinical Profiles of Adolescents Under-18 Years of Age Referred by the Judicial Authorities for Marriage License
Authors: YEKTAS Cigdem , BUKEN Bora
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the
sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of adolescents referred to a
university hospital by the judicial authority for determining whether any
mental and physical impediments to marriage exist.

Materials and Methods: 70 adolescents who were consulted to child and adolescent psychiatry
inquired by the judicial authorities if there was any impediment to marriage
were included to study. Psychiatric examination of the adolescents was
performed according to DSM 5. Data obtained from the study were examined retrospectively
with the method of file scanning system

Results: Mostly (94.3%) female children with a mean age of
16.05 ± 0.2 years were included in the study. None of the children attended to
school during the assessment. Most (89.5%) of the children were living in a
family environment with a low socioeconomic level. The most frequently psychiatric
diagnoses were; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (%4.3, n=3), depressive disorder (%4.3, n=3), mental retardation (%2.8, n=2) and post-traumatic stress disorder (%1.4, n=1). 85.7% of the children decided to marry individuals
they got acquainted from their immediate circle or from social media, while marriage
of only 14.3% (n=10) of them were previously arranged by their families.

Conclusions: Socio-economic
level, family characteristics and attending to school are important
predisposing factors for early marriages. It was also considered that marriage
at this age means an attempt for gaining an early autonomy. Encouraging to continue
their formal education for the development of healthy autonomy will be an
important factor to prevent early marriages.
LEITURA: A PRÁTICA DOCENTE NA FORMAÇÃO LEITORA
Authors: Baltazar Aline de Araujo Mello , Casagrande Samira
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo tem como intuito verificar como as professoras do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental trabalham a leitura no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Sendo assim, no referencial teórico foram apresentadas as ideias de diferentes autores referentes ao significado da leitura e a importância de utilizar estratégias para que a criança seja capaz de criar sentido para o texto e, assim, tornar-se um leitor proficiente. Desse modo, foram tratados assuntos como o significado da leitura, o ensino da leitura por meio das estratégias, a criação do sentido e a proficiência leitora. Para a produção deste artigo foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, em uma abordagem qualitativa. Foram pesquisadas seis professoras do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental, em escolas da rede pública estadual da cidade de Araranguá- SC. Diante desta pesquisa, percebeu-se que a leitura é vista pela maioria das professoras entrevistadas como um importante instrumento de aprendizagem da escrita, embora ainda caracterizem um ensino das habilidades leitoras por meio das tradicionais metodologias de decodificação. Percebeu-se ainda que as professoras possuem dificuldades de compreender o que são as estratégias de leitura e como elas podem ser inseridas no processo de ensino, visando à autonomia da criança para que ela possa dar o sentido ao texto e, por consequência, ter uma leitura significativa e proficiente.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Leitura. Leitor proficiente. Estratégias de leitura.
DATAS COMEMORATIVAS: “UM PARÊNTESE NO PLANEJAMENTO”
Authors: Silva Raquel Policarpi da , Camargo Gislene
Published: October 2019

O problema desse estudo teve origem nas vivências oportunizadas por meio do estágio não obrigatório na Educação Infantil, e a maneira como as datas comemorativas são inseridas nos planejamentos das (os) professoras (es), desse modo formulou-se a questão: Quais as implicações das datas comemorativas nos planejamentos das (os) professoras (es) da Educação Infantil? Foram elencados os objetivos para responder a problematização: verificar como são escolhidos os “eixos” a serem trabalhados na educação infantil; investigar se as datas comemorativas estão incluídas no planejamento da (o) professora (o) e de que forma são trabalhadas; averiguar como é realizado o planejamento nas escolas de Educação Infantil de Criciúma. Os sujeitos pesquisados foram oito professoras que atuam na Educação Infantil do município de Criciúma/SC, como metodologia foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado. A escrita desse artigo possibilitou reflexões acerca da inserção das datas comemorativas no planejamento e de que modo são abordadas com as crianças pequenas. O artigo foi constituído por reflexões teóricas referentes ao planejamento na Educação Infantil baseando-se nos autores Barbosa e Horn (2008); Ostetto (2002); Kramer (1995), “Fischmann (2004)”, Criciúma (2016) entre outros. Com esta pesquisa, foi possível constatar que as professoras questionadas, realizam atividades em datas comemorativas, dentre elas, as mais citadas pelas professoras foram o Dia das Mães, Dia dos Pais, Dia da Consciência Negra, e as que são inseridas no planejamento são Páscoa, Festa Junina e Natal. Averiguou-se que as atividades são descontextualizadas, descoladas do planejamento, desconsiderando a criança enquanto protagonista.PALAVRAS CHAVE: Datas Comemorativas. Planejamento. Educação Infantil.
A PERSPECTIVA POLÍTICO-PEDAGÓGICA NA EDUCAÇÃO POPULAR DE PAULO FREIRE E A RELEVÂNCIA DE SEU PENSAMENTO
Authors: Battestin Cláudia , Weyh Cênio Back
Published: October 2019

O artigo é resultado de um ensaio bibliográfico de caráter qualitativo. Como objetivo buscou-se destacar a relevância do pensamento de Paulo Freire para pensar a educação popular. Compreende-se que a práxis freireana contribui na potencialização das práticas educativas de caráter progressista e popular. A postura crítica em relação aos métodos tradicionais autoritários na educação brasileira, apontam para uma perspectiva democrática, libertadora e igualitária, fecundada pelo diálogo, no processo de construção do conhecimento. Freire pensa a educação com e a partir das classes populares. Entende-se que a centralidade de seu pensamento continua vigente e que o diálogo e a participação ativa dos sujeitos podem auxiliar a perceber as contradições e a realidade social na qual, em busca de transformação, educandos e educadores estão inseridos.
O MST COMO SUJEITO EDUCATIVO: HISTÓRIA DO ASSENTAMENTO ROSELI NUNES, EM MIRASSOL D´OESTE-MT
Authors: Da Cruz Marcia Aparecida de Barros , Machado Ilma Ferreira , Zart Laudemir Luiz
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho apresenta uma reflexão acerca do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra – MST, a partir das lutas que foram travadas historicamente, no Brasil, por terra e transformação social, e, de modo especial, do Assentamento Roseli Nunes, no município de Mirassol D’Oeste – MT. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma contextualização histórica do MST e do Assentamento Roseli Nunes, e buscar compreender este Movimento como um processo e sujeito educativo. Utilizou-se metodologia de pesquisa participante e a técnica da observação in loco. Os resultados mostram que a formação que se dá nas lutas e nos espaços mais especificamente educativos, a exemplo da escola, contribui, enormemente, para a construção de uma identidade dos trabalhadores do campo, identidade “sem terra”, assim como para se postular a superação do modelo de sociedade excludente e desumanizador em que vivemos. Nesse sentido, conclui-se que há necessidade de se fortalecer o campo como espaço de vida, de cultura e de trabalho e produção, de modo que a criança e o jovem tenham condições de permanecer neste espaço, junto às suas famílias.
CRIANÇAS, NATUREZA E FOTOGRAFIA: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA NO CERRADO
Authors: Da Silva Gabriella Pizzolante , Souza Carolina Rodrigues de , Ruffino Sandra Fagionato
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho objetivou analisar a relação de crianças com a natureza, a partir de imagens obtidas por instrumentos tecnológicos, e as narrativas por eles construídas. A intenção principal é revelar possíveis olhares e relações dessas crianças com a experiência que foram convidadas a vivenciar. A metodologia, centrada na concepção de criança como sujeito de direitos, valoriza a autoria e a lógica infantil e, inicialmente, combinou três momentos de relação das crianças com a fotografia: a tomada de imagens em uma trilha de cerrado, a análise dessas imagens e sua categorização. Posteriormente, inseriu-se também a análise dos desenhos produzidos pelas crianças, para identificar sua visão sobre a visita ao cerrado. Constatou-se a diversidade de olhares infantis sobre a natureza e sua relação com ela. As imagens retratam bem o cerrado e seus elementos, em diferentes ângulos, distâncias, enquadramentos, focos, propósitos e sentidos; as crianças se colocaram nas fotos e desenhos e compartilharam, como num jogo de negociação e poder, a autoria de algumas fotografias.
Koncepcja umowy o dzieło twórcze. Analiza krytyczna
Authors: Duraj Tomasz
Published: October 2019

W opracowaniu dokonuje się krytycznej oceny obowiązującej od jakiegoś czasu w orzecznictwie sądowym koncepcji umowy o dzieło twórcze (artystyczne). Jej istota polega na ograniczeniu zakresu stosowania umów o dzieło w obrocie prawnym jedynie do tych przypadków, gdy dzieło, które jest rezultatem tej umowy, spełnia cechy utworu w rozumieniu przepisów prawa autorskiego. W ramach tej koncepcji przyjmuje się dopuszczalność wykorzystywania umowy o dzieło wyłącznie w sytuacjach, gdy rezultat jest tworem oryginalnym, jedynym w swoim rodzaju, niepowtarzalnym, chronionym prawem autorskim i wymagającym specjalnych umiejętności od przyjmującego zamówienie (autora), stanowi wyraz jego kreatywności i szczególnych umiejętności. Autor ukazując istotne wady analizowanej koncepcji, próbuje udowodnić, że nie ma ona de lege lata żadnych podstaw w obowiązującym prawie, a dokonana przez judykaturę wykładnia przepisów Kodeksu cywilnego regulujących umowę o dzieło jest wykładnią contra legem. De lege ferenda należy zastanowić się nad objęciem umowy o dzieło składką na ubezpieczenie społeczne i zdrowotne oraz sformułowaniem odrębnej od prawa cywilnego definicji umowy o dzieło, która będzie miała swoje zastosowanie jedynie na gruncie przepisów regulujących ubezpieczenia społeczne.
Umowy cywilnoprawne a specyfika zawodu nauczyciela
Authors: Szadkowska Ewelina
Published: October 2019

Przedmiotem artykułu jest dopuszczalność stosowania umów cywilnoprawnych do zatrudniania nauczycieli w kontekście specyfiki tej grupy zawodowej. Zmiana w przepisach dotyczących zakazu zatrudniania nauczycieli na podstawie tych umów skłania do refleksji i skomentowania jej zasadności. Autorka charakteryzuje korzyści, jakie płyną dla nauczycieli szkół niepublicznych w związku z tą modyfikacją, oraz straty, jakie mogą ponieść pracodawcy. Omawiana zmiana weszła w życie 1 września 2018 r. i jest różnie oceniana przez dyrektorów szkół niepublicznych, jak i przez samych nauczycieli. W końcowej części artykułu autorka formułuje własną opinię na ten temat.
BIOLOGIA DO SIRI-AZUL NO MUNICÍPIO DE CAUCAIA, CEARÁ
Authors: Albuquerque Daniele Menezes , Dos Santos Ênio Nunes , Carvalho Janaina Graça de Oliveira , Ogawa Masayoshi Ogawa
Published: October 2019

Na região da Área de Proteção Ambiental do estuário do rio Ceará, existe uma grande biomassa da espécie Callinectes danae (Smith, 1869), conhecido como siri azul, entretanto a bibliografia existente sobre a espécie na costa do Ceará é escassa. Com o objetivo de aumentar o conhecimento sobre o estoque do siri azul no estuário do rio Ceará foi proposta a realização deste estudo sobre a abundância, proporção sexual, proporção entre os estágios de vida e maturação sexual. Foram capturados 2.543 exemplares do gênero Callinectes, sendo quase sua totalidade da espécie Callinectes danae. Os animais foram contados e classificados por espécie, sexo, estágio de maturação sexual, largura (LC) e comprimento (CC) da carapaça e peso úmido (P). Para o C. danae foi verificado uma maior proporção de machos em relação às fêmeas. Nos machos a largura média da carapaça foi 4,42 ± 1,44 cm, variando de 1,36 a 8,92 cm e nas fêmeas foi 4,18 ± 0,99 cm, oscilando de 1,92 a 9,20 cm. A relação peso úmido/largura da carapaça para indivíduos machos foi representada pela equação P = 0,139LC2,906 e para as fêmeas esta relação foi representada pela equação P = 0,121LC2,958. A maturidade fisiológica dos machos foi estimada com um L50% de 6,48 cm e das fêmeas foi estimada com um L50% de 5,93 cm. Conclui-se que no estuário do rio Ceará há uma grande proporção de jovens de C. danae em relação a adultos, demonstrando que o estuário do rio Ceará é uma importante área de recrutamento para a espécie.
THE ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM OF THE PLACENTA IN DIFFERENT TERMS OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND COMPLICATED PREGNANCY
Authors: Pogorelova Tatyana Nikolaevna , Gunko V. O. , Mikhelson A. A. , Nikashina A. A. , Mikhelson A. F. , Lebedenko E. Yu.
Published: October 2019

The activity of amino acid metabolism enzymes and the content of free amino acids in the placenta during physiological pregnancy and placental insufficiency (PI) were studied using spectrophotometric methods and ion-exchange chromatography. It was found that in PI placental activity of the studied enzymes: alanine-, cysteine-e, tyrosine-, glutamino- transferase, glutathione synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase decreases at different periods of gestation. The opposite variations occur for aspartataminotranferase and glutaminase. Similar changes are detected for amino acids synthesized or used in the course of appropriate reactions: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine, cysteine, tyrosine, arginine. The correlation between enzyme activity and amino acid content was revealed. Different periods of pregnancy are characterized by varying degrees of change, especially expressed in the second trimester, characterized by the most intense growth and development of the fetus, and its increased needs for trophic material. The revealed changes obviously play a pathogenetic role in the formation and further development of PI.
LECTIN POPULATIONS OF NK CELLS AGAINST VIRUSES-ASSOCIATED TUMORS (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)
Authors: Lakhtin V. M. , Lakhtin M. V. , Mironov A. Yu. , Aleshkin V. A. , Afanasiev S. S.
Published: October 2019

Analysis of the human NK (natural killers) cells and their functionally different populations in connection to tumor processes accompanied with viral infections is presented. Receptor lectins (non-immunoglobulin proteins and their complexes recognizing polysaccharides, glycoconjugates and glycopattern-containing molecules) play important role in regulation of innate immunity. Communicative diversity of NK-cell populations (in which lectins cofunction to other receptors) is directed against tumors and viruses. Effectiveness and selectivity of action of NK cell populations can be increased in cooperation together with adaptive immunity. Evaluations of occurrence, redistribution (also under influence of cytokines) and contribution of NK-populations (depending on lectin receptors recognition coupled to multifunctions of receptors) in respect of increasing antitumor and antiviral immune responces are given. The data indicate extended prospects of lectin receptors (coupled to other type receptors) containing NK populations of the network compartment of innate immunity upon realization of different variants of organism protection in cooperation with cellular and humoral immunity. Such NK populations are the basis for further intercellular interactions. Innate immunity Cross-Talk, involving the leader NK cell populations acting according to humoral immunity mechanisms, acts on duty regime (importance for therapy of chronic pathology) that results in providing optimal combined antitumor and antiviral cytokine and cytotoxic responses according to the principle of action as «network-in-network». The influence network of lectin, Ig-like, cytotoxic, other regulator NK populations (also throuph redistribution of production of cytokines by immunocompetent cells) is perspective for forming early prolongated antitumor and antiviral processes of different types in organism. It is of importance to consider CD diversity of receptor repertuar of lectin, Ig-like and other NK populations revealing different ontogenesis as well as to seach patient key NK-populations to select and construct personally (or for contingents in cases of epidemiological significance) optimal therapeutic/prophylactic NK populations (like variants of CAR-T). Aforementioned data indicate perspectiveness of NK cell populations in development of new antitumor/antiviral effective and selective vaccine strategies, preparations and regimes of their applications. Probiotic lectins reveal features of perspective ligands cofunctioning to network of NK cell populations.
TRIALS OF THE DOMESTICALLY PRODUCED NUTRIENT MEDIUM «AGAR MULLER-HINTON II - OBOLENSK»
Authors: Kosilova I. S. , Domotenko L. V. , Fursova N. K. , Dentovskaya S. V. , Ershova M. G. , Shepelin A. P.
Published: October 2019

The results of the comparative tests of the «Agar Muller-Hinton II - Obolensk» nutrient medium developed in SRCAMB, Obolensk, and the control nutrient medium imported «Mueller Hinton II Agar» are presented in the study. The susceptibility of bacterial clinical strains to antimicrobial agents (AMP) was determined by the disc diffusion method and the method of gradient diffusion (E-test). The carbapenemase activity of the strains carrying the carbapenemase genes was determined by CIM-test. Total 173 characterized bacterial strains of species Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli; Photorhabdus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp. were used in the study, including producers of OXA- and NDM-types carbapenemases for gram negative bacteria. A high degree of coincidence of the results obtained on both nutrient media was shown. The consistency index of the strain sensitivity categories to AMPs (S, I, and R) was 98.2% for the disc diffusion method, and 94.4-100% - for E-test and CIM-test methods. Thus, within the framework of the Import Substitution Program, the domestic nutrient medium «MHA II-Obolensk» has been successfully developed. The nutrient medium meets the requirements of GOST R ISO 20776-2-2010 «Clinical laboratory testing and in vitro diagnostic test systems - Susceptibility testing of infectious agents and evaluation of performance of antimicrobial susceptibility test devices».
NON-SPECIFIC PARAMETERS OF IMMUNE RESPONSE AS A RING IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF REMODELING OF THE VASCULAR WALL AND DESTRUCTION OF BONE TISSUE IN WOMEN WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN POSTMENAPUS
Authors: Petelina Tatiana Ivanovna , Avdeeva K. S. , Bykova S. G. , Musikhina N. A. , Gapon L. I. , Gorbatenko E. A. , Zueva E. V. , Leonovich S. V. , Lystsova N. L.
Published: October 2019

Recently, they increasingly began to pay attention to the role of a nonspecific immune-inflammatory vascular response as a link in general pathogenetic mechanisms with a change in the elastic properties of arteries and phenomena of destructive bone changes, which at the subclinical level is of great importance for the prevention of the development of socially significant diseases. A total of 104 patients were examined (mean age 57.45 years), which were divided into three groups. The first group included 39 healthy women, the second group included 30 patients with hypertension and osteopenia, and the third group included 35 women with hypertension and osteoporosis. The analysis of markers of the immune inflammatory response, endothelial dysfunction, hormonal and mineral-vitamin status parameters was conducted against the background of the study of parameters of daily monitoring of arterial pressure, study of parameters of vascular wall stiffness and densitometry to clarify the predictors of cardiovascular and degenerative bone changes in postmenopausal women. A significant increase in the concentration of HF-CRP, the level of homocystemine, IL-8, parathyroid hormone, against the background of a significant decrease in the level of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, with a persistent tendency to increase in total cholesterol, atherogenic lipid fractions, myeloperoxidase, endothelin-1 and decrease was recorded calcitonin, total and ionized calcium, with a significantly minimal value of vitamin D in the 3rd group of patients. The risks of development and progression of bone destructive changes were calculated using the logistic regression method for the group of AH with osteopenia and osteoporosis. Thus, for patients with hypertension and osteopenia, a significantly significant parameter associated with the risk of developing osteoporosis was an indicator of the velocity of the pulse wave, an increase in the level of which exceeds 12.05 m/s is associated with an increased risk of developing osteoporosis by 3.8 times. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory parameters, IL-6 and 8, TNF-α, HB-SRB, parathyroid hormone and reduced levels of progesterone and IL10, took the most active part in aggravating the degree of available bone tissue destruction. Timely specialized multidirectional study of biochemical and instrumental parameters (in particular, the study of the speed of the pulse wave and densitometry) can be the basis for the development of personalized prevention and treatment tactics for women in order to prevent socially dangerous cardiovascular and bone complications
El buen vivir y los derechos constitucionales dentro del estado constitucional y democrático en Colombia
Authors: Cárdenas-Hernández Carlos Alfonso , Hernández Zorro Juan Pablo
Published: October 2019

Por medio del presente artículo se quiere referenciar la relevancia teórico-  práctica de los derechos constitucionales en la búsqueda del buen vivir, en el ámbito de un Estado Constitucional y democrático con la interacción permanente entre el poder Constituyente y el poder constituido. Además, acompañado de la interpretación constitucional como soporte para el juez constitucional dentro del ejercicio de garantía y protección de los derechos constitucionales junto con la evolución al neoconstitucionalismo.
Unraveling the Draft Genome Sequence of Paenibacillus sp. tmac-D7 a Non-Rhizobial Endophyte from Trifolium macraei Located in Bodega Bay, California
Authors: White III Richard Allen , Mclachlan Emily E. , Dunham Joseph P. , Garoutte Aaron , Friesen Maren L.
Published: October 2019

Paenibacillus sp. tmac-D7 was isolated from coastline growing Trifolium macraei (double-head clover) root nodules from Bodega Bay, California. The draft genome is 5,567,337 bp with a G+C% of 52.4%, an N50 of 114,261 bp, and 5,282 predicted protein-coding genes. Paenibacillus, while found in many other environments, is frequently isolated from root nodules, with many acting as plant pathogen antagonists. Paenibacillus sp. tmac-D7 is the first genome of a non-rhizobial endophyte isolate from wild Trifolium macraei (double-head clover).
Construction of an Arabidopsis/Nicotiana inter-order graft for studies of scion-rootstock interaction
Authors: Deng Zhuying , Jiang Mengting , Wang Mi , Liang Dacheng
Published: October 2019

The authors have withdrawn the journal submission associated with this preprint and requested that the preprint also be withdrawn.
A foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Norovirus and Bacillus cereus at a university in the Shunyi District of Beijing, China 2018: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Dongwan , Li Yongjin , Lv Jinchang , Liu Xiufeng , Gao Peng , Zhen Guoxin , Zhang Wenzeng , Wu Dan , Jing Hongbo , Li Ying , Zhao Yao , Ma Xiaochen , Ma Huilai , Zhang Lijie
Published: October 2019

Background On September 4, 2018, a boarding school in the Shunyi District of Beijing, China reported an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis. At least 209 suspected students caused of diarrhea and vomiting. The case was investigated, and control measures were taken to prevent further spread. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among the school students and staff in order to test hypothesis that high risk of food served at the school canteen. We collected information on demographics, refectory records, person to person transmission by uniform epidemiological questionnaire. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% conﬁdence intervals (CI) were calculated. Stool specimens of cases and canteen employees, retained food, water, and environmental swabs were investigated by laboratory analysis. Results We identiﬁed 209 cases (including 28 laboratory-confirmed cases) which occurred from August 29 to September 10. All cases were students, and the average age was 20, 52% were male. The outbreak lasted for 13 days, and peaked on September 5. Consumption of Drinks stall and Rice flour stall on September 1 (RR:3.4, 95%CI:1.5-7.8, and RR:7.6, 95%CI:2.8-20.2), Rice flour stall and Fish meal stall on September 2 (RR:4.0, 95%CI:1.2-13.6, and RR:4.6, 95%CI:1.7-12.5), muslim meal stall on September 4 (RR:2.7, 95%CI:1.3-5.4), Barbeque stall on September 5 (RR:3.0, 95%CI:1.2-7.0) were independently associated with increased risk of disease within the following 2 days. Among 35 specimens of rectal swabs or feces from students, 28 specimens were positive. Norovirus GI.6 alone was detected in 23 specimens, Bacillus cereus alone in 3 specimens and both norovirus GI.6 and Bacillus cereus in 2 specimens. 10 specimens of rectal swabs from canteen employees were positive for norovirus GI, and 2 specimens were positive for Bacillus cereus. Four retained food specimens were positive for Bacillus cereus, and environmental samples were negative for any viruses or bacteria. Conclusion Our investigation indicated that canteen employees were infected by two pathogens (norovirus and Bacillus cereus) and transmission may have been possible due to unhygienic practices. Student consumption of food or drink at high-risk stalls was determined as the probable cause of the outbreak.
Radiological Appearance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Predicts the Response to Trans-arterial Chemoembolization in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xu An-Hui , Wang Wei , Wu Yan-Hui , Sun Qian-Ling , Shu Chang
Published: October 2019

Background: The ultimate goal of locoregional therapy (LRT) to the liver is to induce total tumor necrosis. Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the mainstay bridging therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) waiting for liver transplantation (LT). However, tumor response rate is variable. The purpose of this study was to correlate HCC radiological appearance with level of tumor necrosis during explant analysis from patients undergoing LT who received pre-LT TACE.

Methods: From January 2000 to December 2018, a total of 66 patients with HCC who had been treated prior to LT by means of TACE were analyzed. Diagnosis of HCC was made based on AASLD guidelines and confirmed via histopathology explant analysis. Radiologic tumor response after TACE was based on modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST). Degree of tumor necrosis was determined by histopathology analysis of liver explants. HCC radiological appearances on CT before TACE were assessed and correlated with histological findings after LT.

Results: Eighty nine TACE procedures (1.35±0.67; 1-4) were performed, of which 18 were repeated TACE (27.3%) procedures. In 56.1% of the patients, ≥90% (near-complete) tumor necrosis was achieved. Concordance between mRECIST criteria and pathology was observed in 63% of the patients, with an underestimation of tumor response in 18 (27%) patients and an overestimation in 6 (9.1%). Near-complete tumor necrosis upon pathological analysis was associated with tumor hyper-enhancement in the arterial phase (P=0.002), “typical tumor enhancement” (P=0.010) and smooth tumor margins (p=0.011). The multivariate analysis showed that well circumscribed HCCs with smooth margins and arterial hyper-enhancement independently correlated with post-TACE near-complete histological tumor necrosis.

Conclusion s : The well circumscribed HCC lesions with arterial hyper-enhancement are more susceptible to TACE than lesions with arterial phase iso or hypo-enhancement and lesions with infiltrative appearance. Pre-TACE CT imaging may ease the selection of an optimal treatment strategy for bridging patients with HCC to liver transplantation.
Template-switching artifacts resemble alternative polyadenylation
Authors: Balázs Zsolt , Tombácz Dóra , Csabai Zsolt , Moldován Norbert , Snyder Michael , Boldogkői Zsolt
Published: October 2019

Background: Alternative polyadenylation is commonly examined using cDNA sequencing, which is known to be affected by template-switching artifacts. However, the effects of such template-switching artifacts on alternative polyadenylation are generally disregarded, while alternative polyadenylation artifacts are attributed to internal priming.
Results: Here, we analyzed both long-read cDNA sequencing and direct RNA sequencing data of two organisms, generated by different sequencing platforms. We developed a filtering algorithm which takes into consideration that template-switching can be a source of artifactual polyadenylation when filtering out spurious polyadenylation sites. The algorithm outperformed the conventional internal priming filters based on comparison to direct RNA sequencing data. We also showed that the polyadenylation artifacts arise in cDNA sequencing at consecutive stretches of as few as three adenines. There was no substantial difference between the lengths of poly(A) tails at the artifactual and the true transcriptional end sites even though it is expected that internal priming artifacts have shorter poly(A) tails than genuine polyadenylated reads.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that template switching plays an important role in the generation of spurious polyadenylation and support the need for more rigorous filtering of artifactual polyadenylation sites in cDNA data, or that alternative polyadenylation should be annotated using native RNA sequencing.
Evaluation of the Teaching Recovery Techniques community-based intervention for unaccompanied refugee youth experiencing post-traumatic stress symptoms (Swedish UnaccomPanied yOuth Refugee Trial; SUPpORT): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sarkadi Anna , Warner Georgina , Salari Raziye , Fängström Karin , Durbeej Natalie , Lampa Elin , Baghdasaryan Zaruhi , Osman Fatumo , Gupta Sandra , Aronsson Anna Perez , Feldman Inna , Sampaio Filipa , Ssegonja Richard , Calam Rachel , Bjarta Anna , Leiler Anna , Rondung Elisabet , Wasteson Elisabet , Oppedal Brit , Keeshin Brooks
Published: October 2019

Background In 2015, 162 877 persons sought asylum in Sweden, 35 369 of whom were unaccompanied refugee minors (URM). Refugee children, especially URM, have often experienced traumas and are at significant risk of developing mental health problems, such as symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety, which can continue years after resettlement. The Swedish UnaccomPanied yOuth Refugee Trial (SUPpORT) aims to evaluate a community-based intervention, called ‘Teaching Recovery Techniques’ (TRT), for refugee youth experiencing PTSD symptoms. Methods/Design A randomised controlled trial will be conducted in which participants will be randomly allocated to one of two possible arms: the intervention arm (n = 109) will be offered the TRT programme, and the waitlist-control arm (n = 109) will receive services as usual, followed by the TRT programme around 20 weeks later. Outcome data will be collected at three points: pre-intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2; c.8 weeks after randomisation) and follow-up (T3; c.20 weeks after randomisation). Discussion This study will provide knowledge about the effect and efficiency of a group intervention for URM reporting symptoms of PTSD in Sweden.
Obtaining and managing data sets for individual participant data meta-analysis: scoping review and practical guide
Authors: Ventresca Matthew , Schünemann Holger J , Macbeth Fergus , Clarke Mike , Thabane Lehana , Griffiths Gareth , Noble Simon , Garcia David , Marcucci Maura , Iorio Alfonso , Zhou Qi , Crowther Mark , Akl Elie A , Lyman Gary H , Gloy Viktoria , Nisio Marcello Di , Briel Matthias
Published: October 2019

Background Shifts in data sharing policy have increased researchers’ access to individual participant data (IPD) from clinical studies. Simultaneously the number of IPD meta-analyses (IPDMAs) is increasing. However, rates of data retrieval have not improved. Our goal was to describe the challenges of retrieving IPD for an IPDMA and provide practical guidance based on a review of the literature and practical examples and observations. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify publications focused on strategies to obtain IPD. In addition, we searched pharmaceutical websites and contacted industry organizations for supplemental information pertaining to recent advances in industry policy and practice. Finally, we documented setbacks and solutions encountered while completing a comprehensive IPDMA and drew on previous experiences related to seeking and using IPD. Results Our scoping review identified 16 articles directly relevant for the conduct of IPDMAs. We present short descriptions of these articles alongside overviews of IPD sharing policies and procedures of pharmaceutical companies which display certification of Principles for Responsible Clinical Trial Data Sharing via Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America or European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations websites. Advances in data sharing policy and practice affected the way in which data is requested, obtained, stored and analyzed For our IPDMA it took 6.5 years to collect and analyze relevant IPD and navigate additional administrative barriers. Delays in obtaining data were largely due to challenges in communication with study sponsors, frequent changes in data sharing policies of study sponsors, and the requirement for a diverse skillset related to research, administrative, statistical and legal issues. Conclusions Knowledge of current data sharing practices and platforms as well as anticipation of necessary tasks and potential obstacles may reduce time and resources required for an IPDMA. Sufficient project funding and timeline flexibility are pre-requisites for successful collection and analysis of IPD. IPDMA researchers must acknowledge the additional and unexpected responsibility they are placing on study authors or data sharing administrators and should offer assistance in readying data for sharing.
Phytochrome B regulates seed germination by integrating light and temperature signals in Nicotiana tabacum L.
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Wang Xianya , Liu Yiling , Zhang Min
Published: October 2019

Background: Phytochrome is the most abundant photoreceptor in Arabidopsis thaliana ( Arabidopsis ), which integrates light and temperature signals, and in turn regulates plant development. However, the exact pattern of integrated signals during seed germination remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effect of NtPHYB1 genotype in response to ecological environments in Nicotiana tabacum L.
Results: The germination frequencies of WT seeds showed at least no significant difference, and were significantly higher than that of NtPHYB1 - GFP and NtPHYB1 -RNAi seeds in some environments or. According to the maximum germination frequency , germination of NtPHYB1 - GFP seeds was mainly inhibited by continuous light exposure, while the germination of NtPHYB1- RNAi seeds was repressed by low temperature and no light (darkness) exposure. At 15ºC, the germinations of all three genotypic seeds were inhibited by the low-temperature, and the germination frequency of NtPHYB1 - GFP seeds was significantly lower than that of WT and NtPHYB1 -RNAi seeds; while light signal had no effect at 15ºC. At 20 and 25ºC, the temperature signal promoted germination, and the signal of light was dispensable. At this condition, the maximum germination frequencies were obtained for NtPHYB1 - GFP and WT seeds. At 30 and 35ºC, the light signal was indispensable to maintain seed germination for all three genotypic seeds. At this condition, NtPHYB1 -RNAi seeds reached the maximum germination frequency.
Conclusion: Phytochrome B regulates seed germination by integrating light and temperature signals. The above results elucidate why warm spring and autumn (about 25ºC) are more suitable for sowing compared to cool winters (less than 15ºC) and hot summers (greater than 30ºC).
Association between the polymorphism of MMP-1 gene with knee osteoarthritis risk: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Feifan , Liu Pei , Wang Weiguo , Zhang Qidong , Guo Wanshou
Published: October 2019

Background: The existing studies on the association between polymorphisms of Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) (-1607 1G/2G) (rs1799750) polymorphism and the risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA, a complex multifactorial disease and a major degenerative form of arthritis) in different populations have yielded conflicting findings. Method: Literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of science, Google Scholar (From January 1990 to June 2019), and assessing this association by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity were also conducted. Statistical heterogeneity was quantitatively evaluated by X 2 test with the significance set P<0.10 or I 2 >50%. Result: Five case-control based studies (924 cases and 928 controls) were included. The results suggested that the MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G) (rs1799750) gene polymorphisms were not associated with knee OA risk in all genetic models (Allele model OR =1.22, 95% CI: 0.72-1.76, p=0.615, Recessive model OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.70-2.15, p=0.486, and Dominant model OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 0.64-2.04, p=0.659, Figure 3-5) Conclusions: There is no association between the polymorphism of MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G) (rs1799750) polymorphism with the risk of knee osteoarthritis, a large number of studies may be necessary to verify this association in different populations and environmental factors.
Association of Maternal Ethnicity and Urbanicity on Severe Pediatric Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Chang Ya-Ting , Wang Huei-Shyong , Liu Jia-Rou , Tseng Chi-Nan , Chou I-Jun , Luo Shue-Fen , Kuo Chang-Fu , See Lai-Chu
Published: October 2019

Background A healthy migrant effect on birth outcomes has been reported, however, whether this protective effect persists throughout childhood is unknown. The effect of urbanicity on child health among an immigrant population is unclear. Objectives We compared the incidence rate and cumulative incidence of severe diseases among urban children of Taiwan-born mothers, rural children of Taiwan-born mothers, urban children of foreign-born mothers, and rural children of foreign-born mothers. Methods A nationwide cohort study was conducted for children born in Taiwan during 2004-2011 and follow-up till age 4 to 11 years old by linkage the Taiwan Birth Registry 2004-2011, Taiwan Death Registry 2004-2015, and National Health Insurance Research Database 2004-2015. Cox proportional hazards model (multivariable) was used to examine differences among the four study groups. Results There were 682,982 urban children of Taiwan-born mothers, 662,818 rural children of Taiwan-born mothers, 61,570 urban children of foreign-born mothers, 87,473 rural children of foreign-born mothers. Children of foreign-born mothers had a lower incidence of vasculitis, mainly Kawasaki disease. The incidences of congenital disorders did not differ between children of foreign-born mothers and children of Taiwan-born mothers. The incidence of psychotic disorders was higher in urban children. However, children in rural areas had a higher incidence of major trauma/burn and a higher mortality rate. Conclusions A healthy migrant effect was only seen for Kawasaki disease. The mental health of urban children born to immigrant mothers warrants concern.
Heart rate and oxygen saturation in children at high altitudes. A differential response between natives and non-natives at 3500 m.
Authors: Lopez Vasthi , Moraga Daniel , Calderon-Jofré Rodrigo , Moraga Fernando
Published: October 2019

Objective. To determine if there is a difference between the cardiorespiratory response of children who chronically live at high altitude (Aymaras and non-Aymaras) compared to children that arrive as tourist at a high altitude of 3500 m (Putre, Chile). Subjects. Children (Aymaras and non-Aymaras) who were born and live in Putre and children who came to the same location for a tourist visit. Materials and Methods. Oxygen saturation (%) and heart rate (HR, bpm) were evaluated by pulse oxymetry in children from Putre. Results. Similar levels of oxygen saturation were observed among chronic Aymaras and non-Aymara children. A lower oxygen saturation was found in children with acute exposure when compared with chronic children (p<0.0001). The HR of Aymaras and nonAymara chronic children was lower than that observed in the non-native children (p<0.05). In contrast acute children had a higher HR than chronic children (p<0.001). Negative relationships were observed with correlation values (p<0.01) between oxygen saturation and HR in all groups. Conclusion. Chronic Aymara children exhibited a higher slope and correlation between oxygen saturation vs HR compared to chronic children who are non-Aymaras, suggesting that chronic natives are more sensitive to hypoxia. And, chronic non-Aymara children have an early blunting response to hypoxia. Further studies are needed to understand the physiological mechanisms in this population group.
How parents cope with the care of a child with epilepsy: Based upon grounded theory
Authors: nematollahi Monirsadat , Rabori Roghayeh Mehdi pour , Keshavarz Fatemeh , bagherian behnaz
Published: October 2019

Abstract: parents of children with seizure have to face the complicated health issues of their children. Coping strategies of parents as major care providers impact not only their handling of stresses on themselves, but also the children’s quality of life. This study investigated the coping processes of parents of children with seizure at two educational hospitals affiliated with the Kerman University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Method: Twenty parents (15 mothers and 5fathers) and three nurses were selected using the purposive sampling method. Data was collected using qualitative semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the method suggested by Corbin and Strauss. Interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was achieved. Results: The adaptation process had five phases: “Disbelief, Patience on what happened , patient on what happened, change to preserve, and acceptance of the current situation by the parents and her child and empowerment”. In summary, parents of children with seizure have a 5-phase coping strategy. Core category is achieved “continued efforts of parents to restore calm”. Conclusion: Properly assessing the stresses on parents of children with seizure and their coping strategies may help medical staff and social services provide more targeted support and promote the balance of the family function.
Missed Opportunities for Family Planning Counselling among HIV-Positive Women Receiving HIV Care in Uganda
Authors: NABIRYE JULIET , Matovu Joseph KB , Bwanika John Baptist , Makumbi Fredrick , Wanyenze Rhoda K.
Published: October 2019

Introduction HIV-positive women who are still in the reproductive years need adequate sexual and reproductive health information to make informed reproductive health choices. However, many HIV-positive women who interface with the health system continue to miss out on this information. We sought to: a) determine the proportion of HIV-positive women enrolled in HIV care who missed family planning (FP) counselling; and b) assess if any association existed between FP counseling and current use of modern contraception to inform programming.Methods Data were drawn from a quantitative national cross-sectional survey of 5,198 HIV-positive women receiving HIV care at 245 HIV clinics in Uganda; conducted between August and November 2016. Family planning counseling was defined as receipt of FP information by an HIV-positive woman during ANC, at the time of delivery or at the PNC visit. Analyses on receipt of FP counseling were done on 2,760 HIV-positive women aged 15-49 years who were not currently pregnant and did not intend to have children in the future. We used a modified Poisson regression model to determine the Prevalence Ratio (PR) as a measure of association between receipt of any FP counseling and current use of modern contraception, controlling for potential confounders. Analyses were performed using STATA statistical software, version 14.1.Results Overall, 2,104 (76.2%) HIV-positive women reported that they received FP counseling at any of the three critical time-points. Of the 24% ( n =656) who did not, 37.9% missed FP counseling at ANC; 41% missed FP counseling during delivery; while 54% missed FP counseling at the post-natal care visit. HIV-positive women who received any FP counseling were significantly more likely to report current use of modern contraception than those who did not (adjusted PR [adj. PR] = 1.21; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.10, 1.33).Conclusion Nearly one-quarter of HIV-positive women did not receive any form of FP counseling when they interfaced with the healthcare system. This presents a missed opportunity for prevention of unintended pregnancies, and suggests a need for the integration of FP counseling into HIV care at all critical time-points.