bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RNA Interference in the Age of CRISPR: Will CRISPR Interfere with RNAi?
Authors: Unniyampurath Unnikrishnan , Pilankatta Rajendra , Krishnan Manoj
Published: February 2016

The recent emergence of multiple technologies for modifying gene structure has revolutionized mammalian biomedical research and enhanced the promises of gene therapy. Over the past decade, RNA interference (RNAi) based technologies widely dominated various research applications involving experimental modulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Recently, a new gene editing technology, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and the CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) (CRISPR/Cas9) system, has received unprecedented acceptance in the scientific community for a variety of genetic applications. Unlike RNAi, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is bestowed with the ability to introduce heritable precision insertions and deletions in the eukaryotic genome. The combination of popularity and superior capabilities of CRISPR/Cas9 system raises the possibility that this technology may occupy the roles currently served by RNAi and may even make RNAi obsolete. We performed a comparative analysis of the technical aspects and applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and RNAi in mammalian systems, with the purpose of charting out a predictive picture on whether the CRISPR/Cas9 system will eclipse the existence and future of RNAi. The conclusion drawn from this analysis is that RNAi will still occupy specific domains of biomedical research and clinical applications, under the current state of development of these technologies. However, further improvements in CRISPR/Cas9 based technology may ultimately enable it to dominate RNAi in the long term.
Nutrigenetics and Nutrimiromics of the Circadian System: The Time for Human Health
Authors: Micó Víctor , Díez-Ricote Laura , Daimiel Lidia
Published: February 2016

Even though the rhythmic oscillations of life have long been known, the precise molecular mechanisms of the biological clock are only recently being explored. Circadian rhythms are found in virtually all organisms and affect our lives. Thus, it is not surprising that the correct running of this clock is essential for cellular functions and health. The circadian system is composed of an intricate network of genes interwined in an intrincated transcriptional/translational feedback loop. The precise oscillation of this clock is controlled by the circadian genes that, in turn, regulate the circadian oscillations of many cellular pathways. Consequently, variations in these genes have been associated with human diseases and metabolic disorders. From a nutrigenetics point of view, some of these variations modify the individual response to the diet and interact with nutrients to modulate such response. This circadian feedback loop is also epigenetically modulated. Among the epigenetic mechanisms that control circadian rhythms, microRNAs are the least studied ones. In this paper, we review the variants of circadian-related genes associated to human disease and nutritional response and discuss the current knowledge about circadian microRNAs. Accumulated evidence on the genetics and epigenetics of the circadian system points to important implications of chronotherapy in the clinical practice, not only in terms of pharmacotherapy, but also for dietary interventions. However, interventional studies (especially nutritional trials) that include chronotherapy are scarce. Given the importance of chronobiology in human health such studies are warranted in the near future.
Future Persons and Legal Persons: The Problematic Representation of the Future Child in the Regulation of Reproduction
Authors: Ten Haaf Lisette
Published: February 2016

Increasingly, the law has been paying attention to the future child and the prevention of preconceptual harms. Regulation on procreation often appeals to the future child’s interests in order to justify the prevention of the child’s existence. However, besides bioethical critique, there is also a legal-theoretical problem that has been neglected so far. This article argues that the future child whose existence is prevented by an appeal to its own interests does not fit in the “regular” concept of law’s subject: the legal person. This creates two representation problems: First, the law lacks the proper vocabulary to address and represent this non-existent entity. Second, the appeal to its own interests as a justification of the prevention of the child’s existence creates a paradox, as the future child is treated as a subject and a non-subject at the same time. These two representation problems complicate the way law can “deal with” this singular entity. Since the vocabulary of the legal person is not equipped to articulate the future child, this article argues that further research is needed to understand what the future child is and how it functions in law.
Cytotoxic 1,3-Thiazole and 1,2,4-Thiadiazole Alkaloids from Penicillium oxalicum: Structural Elucidation and Total Synthesis
Authors: Yang Zheng , Huang Nianyu , Xu Bang , Huang Wenfeng , Xie Tianpeng , Cheng Fan , Zou Kun
Published: February 2016

Two new thiazole and thiadiazole alkaloids, penicilliumthiamine A and B (2 and 3), were isolated from the culture broth of Penicillium oxalicum, a fungus found in Acrida cinerea. Their structures were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic analysis, total synthesis and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Biological evaluations indicated that compound 1, 3a and 3 exhibit potent cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines through inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT/PKB (Ser 473), one of important cancer drugs target.
A Brief Review on Multivalent Intercalation Batteries with Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Guduru Ramesh , Icaza Juan
Published: February 2016

Rapidly growing global demand for high energy density rechargeable batteries has driven the research toward developing new chemistries and battery systems beyond Li-ion batteries. Due to the advantages of delivering more than one electron and giving more charge capacity, the multivalent systems have gained considerable attention. At the same time, affordability, ease of fabrication and safety aspects have also directed researchers to focus on aqueous electrolyte based multivalent intercalation batteries. There have been a decent number of publications disclosing capabilities and challenges of several multivalent battery systems in aqueous electrolytes, and while considering an increasing interest in this area, here, we present a brief overview of their recent progress, including electrode chemistries, functionalities and challenges.
Gastrointestinal Nutrient Infusion Site and Eating Behavior: Evidence for A Proximal to Distal Gradient within the Small Intestine?
Authors: Alleleyn Annick , Van Avesaat Mark , Troost Freddy , Masclee Adrian
Published: February 2016

The rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity demands new strategies focusing on prevention and treatment of this significant health care problem. In the search for new and effective therapeutic modalities for overweight subjects, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is increasingly considered as an attractive target for medical and food-based strategies. The entry of nutrients into the small intestine activates so-called intestinal “brakes”, negative feedback mechanisms that influence not only functions of more proximal parts of the GI tract but also satiety and food intake. Recent evidence suggests that all three macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrates) are able to activate the intestinal brake, although to a different extent and by different mechanisms of action. This review provides a detailed overview of the current evidence for intestinal brake activation of the three macronutrients and their effects on GI function, satiety, and food intake. In addition, these effects appear to depend on region and length of infusion in the small intestine. A recommendation for a therapeutic approach is provided, based on the observed differences between intestinal brake activation.
Associations between Vitamin B-12 Status and Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Diabetic Vegetarians and Omnivores
Authors: Lee Yau-Jiunn , Wang Ming-Yang , Lin Mon-Chiou , Lin Ping-Ting
Published: February 2016

Diabetes is considered an oxidative stress and a chronic inflammatory disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between vitamin B-12 status and oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic vegetarians and omnivores. We enrolled 154 patients with type 2 diabetes (54 vegetarians and 100 omnivores). Levels of fasting glucose, glycohemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profiles, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes activity, and inflammatory makers were measured. Diabetic vegetarians with higher levels of vitamin B-12 (>250 pmol/L) had significantly lower levels of fasting glucose, HbA1c and higher antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase) than those with lower levels of vitamin B-12 (≤250 pmol/L). A significant association was found between vitamin B-12 status and fasting glucose (r = −0.17, p = 0.03), HbA1c (r = −0.33, p = 0.02), oxidative stress (oxidized low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, r = −0.19, p = 0.03), and antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, r = 0.28, p = 0.01) in the diabetic vegetarians; vitamin B-12 status was significantly correlated with inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, r = −0.33, p < 0.01) in diabetic omnivores. As a result, we suggest that it is necessary to monitor the levels of vitamin B-12 in patients with diabetes, particularly those adhering to a vegetarian diet.
Holy Dung: Comic Signs of Consubstantiality in Martin Luther Films
Authors: Lindvall Terry , Stroyeck Morgan
Published: February 2016

One problem with the religious sub-genre of Hagiographic films is that they frequently romanticize, sentimentalize, or idealize the lives of saints. Our purpose is to excavate three major film biopics on the life of Protestant reformer Martin Luther and demonstrate where the use of excremental humor humanizes him. Such coarse embodied humor invites a consubstantial identity of a holy man with his secular audience. Where laughter is present, saints are not elevated to being “more spiritual than God.” The use of excremental humor gives weight, or the gravity of earth, to the transcendent, bringing the holy down into the everyday. We argue that it is the comedy in the life of Luther that makes him more authentic, showing how film can communicate the presence of God in earthen vessels.
Remembering to Ask the Boss: Priming and the Dynamics of Priest Reliance on Bishop Cues
Authors: Calfano Brian , Oldmixon Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

Though the degree of influence that US bishops have over Catholic parishioners is inconsistent, the institutional power bishops have over parish priests suggests that bishops enjoy reliable influence over their local subordinates. However, there are an array of competing influences over parish priests that, when made salient, might make priest reliance on bishop instructions for political behavior less reliable. Using data from the first ever survey experiment on a national sample of US Catholic priests, we assess the effects of randomly priming priests with varying considerations of their professional responsibilities and relevant constituencies (including parishioner expectations). Results suggest that priests opt to rely on bishop cues when primed to consider institutional responsibilities as part of their professional identity, but that bishop influence over priest political behavior is, at best, indirect.
Spatio-Temporal Modeling of the Urban Heat Island in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area: Land Use Change Implications
Authors: Wang Chuyuan , Myint Soe , Wang Zhihua , Song Jiyun
Published: February 2016

This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of the surface urban heat island (SUHI) intensity in the Phoenix metropolitan area and the relationship with land use land cover (LULC) change between 2000 and 2014. The objective is to identify specific regions in Phoenix that have been increasingly heated and cooled to further understand how LULC change influences the SUHI intensity. The data employed include MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) 8-day composite June imagery, and classified LULC maps generated using 2000 and 2014 Landsat imagery. Results show that the regions that experienced the most significant LST changes during the study period are primarily on the outskirts of the Phoenix metropolitan area for both daytime and nighttime. The conversion to urban, residential, and impervious surfaces from all other LULC types has been identified as the primary cause of the UHI effect in Phoenix. Vegetation cover has been shown to significantly lower LST for both daytime and nighttime due to its strong cooling effect by producing more latent heat flux and less sensible heat flux. We suggest that urban planners, decision-makers, and city managers formulate new policies and regulations that encourage residential, commercial, and industrial developers to include more vegetation when planning new construction.
Interpretation of Forest Resources at the Individual Tree Level in Japanese Conifer Plantations Using Airborne LiDAR Data
Authors: Deng Songqiu , Katoh Masato
Published: February 2016

More than 50% of the national lands in Japan have been surveyed by airborne laser scanning (ALS) data with different point densities; and developing an effective approach to take full advantage of these ALS data for forest management has thus become an urgent topic of study. This study attempted to assess the utility of ALS data for individual tree detection and species classification in a mixed forest with a high canopy density. For comparison, two types of tree tops and tree crowns in the study area were delineated by the individual tree crown (ITC) approach using the green band of the orthophoto imagery and the digital canopy height model (DCHM) derived from the ALS data, respectively. Then, the two types of tree crowns were classified into four classes—Pinus densiflora (Pd), Chamaecyparis obtusa (Co), Larix kaempferi (Lk), and broadleaved trees (Bl)—by a crown-based classification approach using different combinations of the three orthophoto bands with intensity and slope maps as follows: RGB (red, green and blue); RGB and intensity (RGBI); RGB and slope (RGBS); and RGB, intensity and slope (RGBIS). Finally, the tree tops were annotated with species attributes from the two best-classified tree crown maps, and the number of different tree species in each compartment was counted for comparison with the field data. The results of our study suggest that the combination of RGBIS yielded greater classification accuracy than the other combinations. In the tree crown classifications delineated by the green band and DCHM data, the improvements in the overall accuracy compared to the RGB ranged from 5.7% for the RGBS to 9.0% for the RGBIS and from 8.3% for the RGBS to 11.8% for the RGBIS. The laser intensity and slope derived from the ALS data may be valuable sources of information for tree species classification, and in terms of distinguishing species for the detection of individual trees, the findings of this study demonstrate the advantages of using DCHM instead of optical data to delineate tree crowns. In conclusion, the synthesis of individual tree delineation using DCHM data and species classification using the RGBIS combination is recommended for interpreting forest resources in the study area. However, the usefulness of this approach must be verified in future studies through its application to other forests.
A 3D Shape Descriptor Based on Contour Clusters for Damaged Roof Detection Using Airborne LiDAR Point Clouds
Authors: He Meizhang , Zhu Qing , Du Zhiqiang , Hu Han , Ding Yulin , Chen Min
Published: February 2016

The rapid and accurate assessment of building damage states using only post-event remote sensing data is critical when performing loss estimation in earthquake emergency response. Damaged roof detection is one of the most efficient methods of assessing building damage. In particular, airborne LiDAR is often used to detect roofs damaged by earthquakes, especially for certain damage types, due to its ability to rapidly acquire accurate 3D information on individual roofs. Earthquake-induced roof damages are categorized into surface damages and structural damages based on the geometry features of the debris and the roof structure. However, recent studies have mainly focused on surface damage; little research has been conducted on structural damage. This paper presents an original 3D shape descriptor of individual roofs for detecting roofs with surface damage and roofs exhibiting structural damage by identifying spatial patterns of compact and regular contours for intact roofs, as well as jagged and irregular contours for damaged roofs. The 3D shape descriptor is extracted from building contours derived from airborne LiDAR point clouds. First, contour clusters are extracted from contours that are generated from a dense DSM of individual buildings derived from point clouds. Second, the shape chaos indexes of contour clusters are computed as the information entropy through a contour shape similarity measurement between two contours in a contour cluster. Finally, the 3D shape descriptor is calculated as the weighted sum of the shape chaos index of each contour cluster corresponding to an individual roof. Damaged roofs are detected solely using the 3D shape descriptor with the maximum entropy threshold. Experiments using post-event airborne LiDAR point clouds of the 2010 Haiti earthquake suggest that the proposed damaged roof detection technique using the proposed 3D shape descriptor can detect both roofs exhibiting surface damage and roofs exhibiting structural damage with a high accuracy.
Investigating the Ground Deformation and Source Model of the Yangbajing Geothermal Field in Tibet, China with the WLS InSAR Technique
Authors: Hu Jun , Wang Qijie , Li Zhiwei , Zhao Rong , Sun Qian
Published: February 2016

Ground deformation contains important information that can be exploited to look into the dynamics of a geothermal system. In recent years, InSAR has manifested its strong power in the monitoring of ground deformation. In this paper, a multi-temporal InSAR algorithm, WLS InSAR, is employed to monitor and characterize the Yangbajing geothermal field in Tibet, China, using 51 ENVISAT/ASAR images acquired from two overlapping descending tracks. The results reveal that the WLS InSAR algorithm can suppress the adverse effects of seasonal oscillations, associated with the freezing-thawing cycle of the permafrost in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Deformations of up to 2 cm/yr resulting from the exploitation of the geothermal resource have been detected in the southern part of the Yangbajing field between 2006 and 2010. A source model inversion of the subsurface geothermal fluids was carried out based on the elastic half-space theory using the accumulated deformations. It was found that most geothermal fluid loss has occurred in the southern part of the shallow reservoir as the pore space beneath the northern part of field was recharged by the ascending flow from the deep layers of the reservoir through well-developed faults in the region.
Device Data Ingestion for Industrial Big Data Platforms with a Case Study
Authors: Ji Cun , Shao Qingshi , Sun Jiao , Liu Shijun , Pan Li , Wu Lei , Yang Chenglei
Published: February 2016

Despite having played a significant role in the Industry 4.0 era, the Internet of Things is currently faced with the challenge of how to ingest large-scale heterogeneous and multi-type device data. In response to this problem we present a heterogeneous device data ingestion model for an industrial big data platform. The model includes device templates and four strategies for data synchronization, data slicing, data splitting and data indexing, respectively. We can ingest device data from multiple sources with this heterogeneous device data ingestion model, which has been verified on our industrial big data platform. In addition, we present a case study on device data-based scenario analysis of industrial big data.
Joint Prior Learning for Visual Sensor Network Noisy Image Super-Resolution
Authors: Yue Bo , Wang Shuang , Liang Xuefeng , Jiao Licheng , Xu Caijin
Published: February 2016

The visual sensor network (VSN), a new type of wireless sensor network composed of low-cost wireless camera nodes, is being applied for numerous complex visual analyses in wild environments, such as visual surveillance, object recognition, etc. However, the captured images/videos are often low resolution with noise. Such visual data cannot be directly delivered to the advanced visual analysis. In this paper, we propose a joint-prior image super-resolution (JPISR) method using expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to improve VSN image quality. Unlike conventional methods that only focus on upscaling images, JPISR alternatively solves upscaling mapping and denoising in the E-step and M-step. To meet the requirement of the M-step, we introduce a novel non-local group-sparsity image filtering method to learn the explicit prior and induce the geometric duality between images to learn the implicit prior. The EM algorithm inherently combines the explicit prior and implicit prior by joint learning. Moreover, JPISR does not rely on large external datasets for training, which is much more practical in a VSN. Extensive experiments show that JPISR outperforms five state-of-the-art methods in terms of both PSNR, SSIM and visual perception.
A DIRECT LINKAGE BETWEEN AGN OUTFLOWS IN THE NARROW-LINE REGIONS AND THE X-RAY EMISSION FROM THE ACCRETION DISKS
Authors: Wang J. , Xu D. W. , Wei J. Y.
Published: February 2016

The origin of outflow in the narrow-line region (NLR) of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) is studied in this paper by focusing on the relationship between the [O iii]λ5007 line profile and the hard-X-ray (in a bandpass of 2–10 keV) emission from the central super-massive black hole (SMBH) in type-I AGNs. A sample of 47 local X-ray selected type-I AGNs at

is extracted from the 2XMMi/SDSS-DR7 catalog, which was originally cross-matched by Pineau et al. The X-ray luminosities in an energy band from 2 to 10 keV of these luminous AGNs range from 1042 to

. A joint spectral analysis is performed on their optical and X-ray spectra, in which the [O iii] line profile is modeled by a sum of several Gaussian functions to quantify its deviation from a pure Gaussian function. The statistics allow us to identify a moderate correlation with a significance level of 2.78σ: luminous AGNs with stronger [O iii] blue asymmetry tend to have steeper hard-X-ray spectra. By identifying the role of

on the correlation at a 2–3σ significance level in both direct and indirect ways, we argue that the photon index versus the asymmetry correlation provides evidence that the AGN’s outflow commonly observed in its NLR is related to the accretion process occurring around the central SMBH, which favors the wind/radiation model as the origin of the outflow in luminous AGNs.
DETAILED CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES IN THE r-PROCESS-RICH ULTRA-FAINT DWARF GALAXY RETICULUM 2*
Authors: Roederer Ian U. , Mateo Mario , III John I. Bailey , Song Yingyi , Bell Eric F. , Crane Jeffrey D. , Loebman Sarah , Nidever David L. , Olszewski Edward W. , Shectman Stephen A. , Thompson Ian B. , Valluri Monica , Walker Matthew G.
Published: February 2016

The ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxy Reticulum 2 (Ret 2) was recently discovered in images obtained by the Dark Energy Survey. We have observed the four brightest red giants in Ret 2 at high spectral resolution using the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System. We present detailed abundances for as many as 20 elements per star, including 12 elements heavier than the Fe group. We confirm previous detection of high levels of r-process material in Ret 2 (mean [Eu/Fe] = +1.69 ± 0.05) found in three of these stars (mean [Fe/H] = −2.88 ± 0.10). The abundances closely match the r-process pattern found in the well-studied metal-poor halo star CS 22892–052. Such r-process-enhanced stars have not been found in any other UFD galaxy, though their existence has been predicted by at least one model. The fourth star in Ret 2 ([Fe/H] = −3.42 ± 0.20) contains only trace amounts of Sr ([Sr/Fe] = −1.73 ± 0.43) and no detectable heavier elements. One r-process enhanced star is also enhanced in C (natal [C/Fe] ≈ +1.1). This is only the third such star known, which suggests that the nucleosynthesis sites leading to C and r-process enhancements are decoupled. The r-process-deficient star is enhanced in Mg ([Mg/Fe] = +0.81 ± 0.14), and the other three stars show normal levels of α-enhancement (mean [Mg/Fe] = +0.34 ± 0.03). The abundances of other α and Fe-group elements closely resemble those in UFD galaxies and metal-poor halo stars, suggesting that the nucleosynthesis that led to the large r-process enhancements either produced no light elements or produced light-element abundance signatures indistinguishable from normal supernovae.
ORBITS FOR NINE BINARIES AND ONE LINEAR SOLUTION
Authors: Cvetković Z. , Pavlović R. , Ninković S.
Published: February 2016

The subject of the present paper is the analysis of the orbital elements for nine binaries: WDS 00463–0634 = HDS 101, WDS 03264+3520 = HDS 430, WDS 03307–1926 = HDS 441, WDS 04025+0638 = HDS 510, WDS 09252+4606 = HDS 1353, WDS 09446+6459 = CHR 176, WDS 10294+1211 = HDS 1507, WDS 10596+1800 = HDS 1568, and WDS 14562+1745 = HDS 2108. The orbital elements are calculated for the first time for all of them. The eight binaries, denoted as HDS, were discovered during the Hipparcos mission. One binary, denoted as CHR, was discovered in the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy, CHARA, in 1988. These studied pairs have measured separations of less than 0.41 arcsec. For the eight pairs that have measured separations less than 0.3 arcsec, the resulting orbital periods fall within 16 and 55 years, and for the remaining one pair the orbital period is 94 years. In addition to the orbital elements, we also give (O − C) residuals in θ and ρ, masses, dynamical parallaxes, absolute magnitudes, spectral types, and ephemerides for the next five years. We also present one linear solution for the double star WDS 19218+7708 = HDS 2740 that has also been calculated for the first time. For this system we give (O − C) residuals in θ and ρ as well, along with ephemerides for the next five years.
AN M DWARF COMPANION TO AN F-TYPE STAR IN A YOUNG MAIN-SEQUENCE BINARY
Authors: Eigmüller Ph. , Eislöffel J. , Csizmadia Sz. , Lehmann H. , Erikson A. , Fridlund M. , Hartmann M. , Hatzes A. , Pasternacki Th. , Rauer H. , Tkachenko A. , Voss H.
Published: February 2016

Only a few well characterized very low-mass M dwarfs are known today. Our understanding of M dwarfs is vital as these are the most common stars in our solar neighborhood. We aim to characterize the properties of a rare F+dM stellar system for a better understanding of the low-mass end of the Hertzsprung–Russel diagram. We used photometric light curves and radial velocity follow-up measurements to study the binary. Spectroscopic analysis was used in combination with isochrone fitting to characterize the primary star. The primary star is an early F-type main-sequence star with a mass of (1.493 ± 0.073) M
⊙ and a radius of (1.474 ± 0.040) R
⊙. The companion is an M dwarf with a mass of (0.188 ± 0.014) M
⊙ and a radius of (0.234 ± 0.009) R
⊙. The orbital period is (1.35121 ± 0.00001) days. The secondary star is among the lowest-mass M dwarfs known to date. The binary has not reached a 1:1 spin–orbit synchronization. This indicates a young main-sequence binary with an age below ∼250 Myr. The mass–radius relation of both components are in agreement with this finding.
COMPANIONS TO APOGEE STARS. I. A MILKY WAY-SPANNING CATALOG OF STELLAR AND SUBSTELLAR COMPANION CANDIDATES AND THEIR DIVERSE HOSTS
Authors: Troup Nicholas W. , Nidever David L. , Lee Nathan De , Carlberg Joleen , Majewski Steven R. , Fernandez Martin , Covey Kevin , Chojnowski S. Drew , Pepper Joshua , Nguyen Duy T. , Stassun Keivan , Nguyen Duy Cuong , Wisniewski John P. , Fleming Scott W. , Bizyaev Dmitry , Frinchaboy Peter M. , García-Hernández D. A. , Ge Jian , Hearty Fred , Meszaros Szabolcs , Pan Kaike , Prieto Carlos Allende , Schneider Donald P. , Shetrone Matthew D. , Skrutskie Michael F. , Wilson John , Zamora Olga
Published: February 2016

In its three years of operation, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-1) observed >14,000 stars with enough epochs over a sufficient temporal baseline for the fitting of Keplerian orbits. We present the custom orbit-fitting pipeline used to create this catalog, which includes novel quality metrics that account for the phase and velocity coverage of a fitted Keplerian orbit. With a typical radial velocity precision of ∼100–200 m s−1, APOGEE can probe systems with small separation companions down to a few Jupiter masses. Here we present initial results from a catalog of 382 of the most compelling stellar and substellar companion candidates detected by APOGEE, which orbit a variety of host stars in diverse Galactic environments. Of these, 376 have no previously known small separation companion. The distribution of companion candidates in this catalog shows evidence for an extremely truncated brown dwarf (BD) desert with a paucity of BD companions only for systems with

0.1–0.2 AU, with no indication of a desert at larger orbital separation. We propose a few potential explanations of this result, some which invoke this catalog’s many small separation companion candidates found orbiting evolved stars. Furthermore, 16 BD and planet candidates have been identified around metal-poor ([Fe/H] < −0.5) stars in this catalog, which may challenge the core accretion model for companions

. Finally, we find all types of companions are ubiquitous throughout the Galactic disk with candidate planetary-mass and BD companions to distances of ∼6 and ∼16 kpc, respectively.
ANISOTROPY OF X-RAY BURSTS FROM NEUTRON STARS WITH CONCAVE ACCRETION DISKS
Authors: He C.-C. , Keek L.
Published: February 2016

Emission from neutron stars and accretion disks in low-mass X-ray binaries is anisotropic. The non-spherical shape of the disk as well as blocking of the neutron star by the disk make the observed flux dependent on the inclination angle of the disk with respect to the line of sight. This is of importance for the interpretation of thermonuclear X-ray bursts from neutron stars. Because part of the X-ray burst is reflected off the disk, the observed burst flux depends on the anisotropies for both direct emission from the neutron star and reflection off the disk. This influences measurements of source distance, mass accretion rate, and constraints on the neutron star’s equation of state. Previous predictions of the anisotropy factors assumed a geometrically flat disk. Detailed observations of two so-called superbursts allowed for the direct and the reflected burst fluxes to each be measured separately. The reflection fraction was much higher than what the anisotropies of a flat disk can account for. We create numerical models to calculate the anisotropy factors for different disk shapes, including concave disks. We present the anisotropy factors of the direct and reflected burst fluxes separately, as well as the anisotropy of the persistent flux. Reflection fractions substantially larger than unity are produced in the case where the inner accretion disk increases steeply in height, such that part of the star is blocked from view. Such a geometry could possibly be induced by the X-ray burst if X-ray heating causes the inner disk to puff up.
DISK EMISSION FROM MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS OF SPINNING BLACK HOLES
Authors: Schnittman Jeremy D. , Krolik Julian H. , Noble Scott C.
Published: February 2016

We present the results of a new series of global, three-dimensional, relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of thin accretion disks around spinning black holes. The disks have aspect ratios of

and spin parameters of

, and 0.99. Using the ray-tracing code Pandurata, we generate broadband thermal spectra and polarization signatures from the MHD simulations. We find that the simulated spectra can be well fit with a simple, universal emissivity profile that better reproduces the behavior of the emission from the inner disk, compared to traditional analyses carried out using a Novikov–Thorne thin disk model. Finally, we show how spectropolarization observations can be used to convincingly break the spin-inclination degeneracy well known to the continuum-fitting method of measuring black hole spin.
LATE TIME MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF SWIFT J1644+5734: A LUMINOUS OPTICAL/IR BUMP AND QUIESCENT X-RAY EMISSION
Authors: Levan A. J. , Tanvir N. R. , Brown G. C. , Metzger B. D. , Page K. L. , Cenko S. B. , O’Brien P. T. , Lyman J. D. , Wiersema K. , Stanway E. R. , Fruchter A. S. , Perley D. A. , Bloom J. S.
Published: February 2016

We present late time multi-wavelength observations of Swift J1644+57, suggested to be a relativistic tidal disruption flare (TDF). Our observations extend to >4 years from discovery and show that 1.4 years after outburst the relativistic jet switched off on a timescale less than tens of days, corresponding to a power-law decay faster than t
−70. Beyond this point weak X-rays continue to be detected at an approximately constant luminosity of L
X ∼ 5 × 1042 erg s−1 and are marginally inconsistent with a continuing decay of t
−5/3, similar to that seen prior to the switch-off. Host photometry enables us to infer a black hole mass of M
BH = 3 × 106
M
⊙, consistent with the late time X-ray luminosity arising from sub-Eddington accretion onto the black hole in the form of either an unusually optically faint active galactic nucleus or a slowly varying phase of the transient. Optical/IR observations show a clear bump in the light curve at timescales of 30–50 days, with a peak magnitude (corrected for host galaxy extinction) of M

R
 ∼ −22 to −23. The luminosity of the bump is significantly higher than seen in other, non-relativistic TDFs and does not match any re-brightening seen at X-ray or radio wavelengths. Its luminosity, light curve shape, and spectrum are broadly similar to those seen in superluminous supervnovae, although subject to large uncertainties in the correction of the significant host extinction. We discuss these observations in the context of both TDF and massive star origins for Swift J1644+5734 and other candidate relativistic tidal flares.
MAGELLAN/M2FS SPECTROSCOPY OF TUCANA 2 AND GRUS 1*
Authors: Walker Matthew G. , Mateo Mario , Olszewski Edward W. , Koposov Sergey , Belokurov Vasily , Jethwa Prashin , Nidever David L. , Bonnivard Vincent , III John I. Bailey , Bell Eric F. , Loebman Sarah R.
Published: February 2016

We present results from spectroscopic observations with the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System (M2FS) of 147 stellar targets along the line of sight to the newly discovered “ultrafaint” stellar systems Tucana 2 (Tuc 2) and Grus 1 (Gru 1). Based on simultaneous estimates of line of sight velocity and stellar-atmospheric parameters, we identify 8 and 7 stars as probable members of Tuc 2 and and Gru 1, respectively. Our sample for Tuc 2 is sufficient to resolve an internal velocity dispersion of

km s−1 about a mean of

km s−1 (solar rest frame), and to estimate a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = 

. These results place Tuc 2 on chemodynamical scaling relations followed by dwarf galaxies, suggesting a dominant dark matter component with dynamical mass

enclosed within the central ∼160 pc, and dynamical mass-to-light ratio

. For Gru 1 we estimate a mean velocity of

km s−1 and a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = 

but our sample does not resolve Gru 1's velocity dispersion. The radial coordinates of Tuc 2 and Gru 1 in Galactic phase space suggest that their orbits are among the most energetic within a distance of

. Moreover, their proximity to each other in this space arises naturally if both objects are trailing the Large Magellanic Cloud.
CLUSTERING PROPERTIES AND HALO MASSES FOR CENTRAL GALAXIES IN THE LOCAL UNIVERSE
Authors: Wang Lixin , Li Cheng , Jing Y. P.
Published: February 2016

We investigate the clustering and dark matter halo mass for a sample of ∼16,000 central galaxies selected from the SDSS/DR7 group catalog. We select subsamples of central galaxies on three two-dimensional planes, each formed by stellar mass (M

) and one other property out of optical color (g − r), surface stellar mass density (

), and central stellar velocity dispersion (

). For each subsample we measure both the projected cross-correlation function (

) relative to a reference galaxy sample, and an average mass of the host dark matter halos (M

). Both

and M

show the strongest dependence on M

, and there is no clear dependence on the other properties when M

is fixed. This result provides strong support to the previously adopted assumption that, for central galaxies, stellar mass is the best indicator of the host dark halo mass. For comparison we have estimated

for the full galaxy population and the population of satellite galaxies. Both populations show similar clustering properties in all cases, but they are similar to the centrals only at high masses (M

). At lower masses, their

depends more strongly on

and g − r than on M

. It is thus necessary to consider central and satellite galaxies separately when studying the link between galaxies and dark matter halos. We discuss the implications of our results for the relative roles of halo mass and galaxy structure in quenching the star formation in central galaxies.
Long-Term Outcome after Rehabilitation of Bilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty in Renal Transplant Recipient â€“ A Case Report
Authors: Nikolikj Dimitrova Erieta , Adamov Aleksandar , Koevska Valentina , Mitrevska Biljana , Gacevikj Ivan , Agushi Arsim
Published: February 2016

INTRODUCTION: Total hip replacement is generally proposed for renal transplant patients with avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head.PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to report the long-term outcome after rehabilitation of bilateral total hip arthroplasty in a patient with renal transplantation suffering from avascular osteonecrosis of the both femoral heads.MATERIAL AND METHOD: The patient S.D, 49 years old at follow-up. Few months after renal transplantation, the patient had got avascular osteonecrosis of both femoral head. One year after transplantation the total hip arthroplasty for both hip joints were performed. Three years later repeat total hip arthroplasty surgery for left hip was performed. After any surgery intervention the patient was referred for inpatient rehabilitation. For clinical assessment the clinical findings and Harris Hip Score have been used. The rehabilitation program consisted of exercises, occupational therapy, and patient education. RESULTS: After any rehabilitation treatment the patient had improvement of clinical findings. At follow-up assessment outcome for both hip function was good - Harris Hip Score was 81 points.CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation is integral part of multidisciplinary treatment of renal transplant recipient after total hip arthroplasty. Regular exercise training of these patients is very important for improving of their long-term outcome.
La démarche analytique au poste de commande
Authors: Cohen Solal Henri
Published: February 2016

Beit Ham, la Maison chaleureuse, est inspirée par le courant de la psychothérapie institutionnelle. Elle s’appuie sur deux piliers analytiques : l’analyse du sujet adolescent et l’analyse institutionnelle. La passerelle que nous offrons dans la Maison, entre l’adolescent et l’institution, se trouve engagée à travers un cheminement analytique où l’une et l’autre des parties sont investies. Nous amenons une hypothèse de travail : le couple sujet-institution serait aussi important que le couple homme-femme sur les chemins de la construction d’identité et de sens. Nous définissons la démarche analytique tout d’abord par un « état d’esprit » qui pense l’adolescent et l’institution comme sujets en mouvement qui se rencontrent. En destituant d’un côté comme de l’autre les forces qui s’y opposent, les constructions idolâtriques, totémiques, fétichisées qui figent, paralysent et enferment le sujet et l’institution, la psychothérapie institutionnelle va autoriser la mise en place d’un rapport praticable entre le sujet et l’institution, un rapport qui produit du sens et accompagne la mue de l’adolescent et sa naissance en sujet social. Nous rendons compte ici des données fondamentales liées à la construction de la Maison, lieu d’accueil et de rencontre entre l’adolescent, sujet singulier, et l’institution, sujet collectif, ouverte et plurielle, démocratique et cogérée, corollaire nécessaire pour penser le « passage adolescent ».
Quand éduquer c’est accueillir
Authors: Spriet Andras
Published: February 2016

Nous interrogeons, dans le cadre d’une recherche doctorale et en collaboration avec le Collège doctoral Paris-Jérusalem, le rapport au « discours du maître » (J. Lacan) chez ces enfants et ces adolescents exceptions aux « lois de la nécessité » (S. Freud) accueillis au sein de la Maison chaleureuse de la banlieue sud de Tel Aviv, en Israël. Nous relevons la problématique de l’accompagnement de ces jeunes chez qui le discours du maître est mis à l’épreuve à partir de la demande et du savoir chez ces enfants et ces adolescents sujets à une précarité familiale, sociale et psychique importante, mais aussi sujets à la violence et au danger. Le questionnement qu’ils soulèvent est celui de leur existence au monde ou de leur existence signifiante, que le manque relève. Dès lors, la structure qui participe de cette existence signifiante est interrogée, et le rapport qu’entretiennent ces enfants et ces adolescents à une « structure » semble fonction de cette problématique de leur existence, non sans lien au manque.
Leçons sur Tchouang-Tseu
Authors: Ramuscello Fabienne
Published: February 2016

Il sera question de la non-transmission en tant qu’elle ne peut pas faire l’objet d’un enseignement mais seulement se décliner dans la pratique et la répétition du geste là où le corps devra assumer sa prééminence. Laissant loin derrière les immixtions du langage, l’apprenant sera entraîné malgré lui vers la conquête d’un savoir insu attendant d’être révélé, permettant ainsi au désir de s’exprimer librement sans être inféodé au diktat du vouloir.
Trois métiers impossibles, trois métiers de résistance
Authors: Christaki Angélique
Published: February 2016

Ce texte traite la question de l’impossible auquel se confrontent les trois métiers : gouverner, éduquer, analyser. De quel ordre est cet impossible qui constitue pour Freud un élément d’affiliation pour la parole en psychanalyse et un lien pour les trois métiers ?
Financement du supérieur : les étudiants ou le contribuable ?
Authors: Allègre Guillaume
Published: February 2016

Ne serait-il pas plus juste et plus efficace que les étudiants contribuent au financement de leurs études ? La mise en place de droits d’inscription dans le supérieur est souvent présentée comme une réforme évidente. Les arguments récurrents sont que l’État serait trop pauvre pour financer de manière satisfaisante l’enseignement supérieur ; le financement par l’impôt serait anti-redistributif car le contribuable moyen est moins aisé que le diplômé moyen de l’enseignement supérieur ; les droits d’inscription permettraient un meilleur appariement entre étudiants et filières d’études. Toutefois, pris séparément, aucun de ces arguments n’emporte l’adhésion : le financement public n’est pas nécessairement un pauvre financement ; l’impôt progressif sur le revenu répond mieux au souci d’équité verticale ; la sélection est un meilleur moyen d’appariement que les frais d’inscription en présence d’asymétrie d’information bilatérale et d’aversion au crédit. Au-delà des arguments d’équité verticale ou d’efficacité, la question du financement de l’enseignement supérieur reste avant tout une question de répartition entre ceux qui ont fréquenté l’enseignement supérieur et ceux qui ne l’ont pas fréquenté. C’est une question d’équité horizontale qui dépend de la conception adoptée de la justice distributive, du rôle de l’enseignement supérieur et de la justification de l’impôt progressif.
Finance and International Trade: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Vaubourg Anne-Gaël
Published: February 2016

Ce papier propose une revue de la littérature consacrée aux liens entre financement et commerce international. Nous montrons tout d’abord que les firmes et les secteurs les plus fragiles financièrement exportent moins que les autres. De même, un développement financier insuffisant et la survenance de crises financières réduisent d’autant plus les exportations que l’entreprise ou le secteur dépend fortement du financement externe. Ensuite, les outils de financement du commerce international, tels que les lettres de crédit ou l’assurance-crédit export, constituent un puissant canal de transmission des chocs financiers au commerce international. Enfin, nous insistons sur la complexité des liens entre finance et commerce international. D’une part, la causalité entre les deux sphères est en fait réciproque. D’autre part, il existe des interactions institutionnelles entre les réformes financières et les politiques commerciales.
La régulation asymétrique : un mécanisme de financement des coûts échoués irrécupérables
Authors: Clastres Cédric
Published: February 2016

Les régulations asymétriques modifient les contextes réglementaires et concurrentiels des industries de réseaux. L’efficacité économique, la collusion ou le financement des coûts échoués irrécupérables sont autant de questions qui émergent avec ces mesures réglementaires. Les régulateurs se doivent d’adapter leur politique de régulation afin d’internaliser ces questions et de maximiser le welfare . Nous montrons à l’aide d’un modèle oligopolistique « à la Cournot » qu’il est possible pour un régulateur de financer les coûts échoués irrécupérables et de conserver l’efficacité productive. Le succès de cette politique dépend de l’efficacité de l’OH et du prix des sources alternatives d’approvisionnement.
Comprendre la dynamique salariale par temps de crise
Authors: Blot Christophe , Péléraux Hervé , Sampognaro Raul , Villemot Sébastien
Published: February 2016

Depuis le déclenchement de la crise financière en 2007, le marché du travail s’est fortement ajusté dans les principales économies avancées. En particulier, la zone euro compte encore 6 millions de chômeurs supplémentaires par rapport au début de la crise. Mais le nombre de chômeurs au sens strict ne reflète pas toujours les nombreuses facettes d’une réalité multiforme. L’objectif de cette étude est de juger si les évolutions salariales observées depuis la crise ont été conformes à leurs déterminants historiques – dont notamment le taux de chômage – ou si au contraire la mécanique traditionnelle a été altérée par des changements structurels du mode de formation des salaires. Notre analyse montre que la courbe de Phillips est un bon modèle de la dynamique salariale sur longue période mais il reste à savoir si cette relation parvient bien à rendre compte de l’évolution des salaires observée depuis le début de la crise. D’après les prévisions issues des courbes de Phillips, trois phases se seraient succédé : entre 2008 et 2010, une période durant laquelle les salaires ont baissé moins que ce que laissait attendre la hausse du chômage ; entre 2011 et 2012, une période d’inflation salariale trop basse par rapport au modèle et, depuis 2013, un retour à une situation de « déflation manquante ». Un certain nombre de ces erreurs de prévision peuvent s’expliquer par des transformations survenues sur les marchés du travail (ajustement par le temps de travail, développement de formes de chômage mal mesurées par les statistiques officielles et à terme éloignement durable de certains chômeurs de la population active). La prise en compte, encore imparfaite, de ces transformations permet d’améliorer les prévisions issues des courbes de Phillips. Ainsi, une connaissance plus fine des transformations des marchés du travail améliorerait certainement la spécification des modèles macroéconomiques.