bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concise Review: Periodontal Tissue Regeneration Using Stem Cells: Strategies and Translational Considerations
Authors: Xu Xin-Yue , Li Xuan , Wang Jia , He Xiao-Tao , Sun Hai-Hua , Chen Fa-Ming
Published: December 2018

Periodontitis is a widespread disease characterized by inflammation-induced progressive damage to the tooth-supporting structures until tooth loss occurs. The regeneration of lost/damaged support tissue in the periodontium, including the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum, is an ambitious purpose of periodontal regenerative therapy and might effectively reduce periodontitis-caused tooth loss. The use of stem cells for periodontal regeneration is a hot field in translational research and an emerging potential treatment for periodontitis. This concise review summarizes the regenerative approaches using either culture-expanded or host-mobilized stem cells that are currently being investigated in the laboratory and with preclinical models for periodontal tissue regeneration and highlights the most recent evidence supporting their translational potential toward a widespread use in the clinic for combating highly prevalent periodontal disease. We conclude that in addition to in vitro cell-biomaterial design and transplantation, the engineering of biomaterial devices to encourage the innate regenerative capabilities of the periodontium warrants further investigation. In comparison to cell-based therapies, the use of biomaterials is comparatively simple and sufficiently reliable to support high levels of endogenous tissue regeneration. Thus, endogenous regenerative technology is a more economical and effective as well as safer method for the treatment of clinical patients. Stem Cells Translational Medicine  2019;8:392–403
What Really Matters for Literacy Teacher Preparation?
Authors: Risko Victoria J. , Reid Louann
Published: December 2018

The authors report on substantial evidence documenting what matters in literacy teacher preparation and invite deans, department heads, program directors, literacy teacher educators, and literacy leaders to design programs that are supported by credible evidence of impact.
Exploring the Possibilities for Professional Learning
Authors: Vu Julie
Published: December 2018

This department highlights literacy leaders across the globe who are working in the field of literacy education. It features a variety of invited authors whose work is timely and relevant to the theme of access.
Proliterate Rhythms of Screen Time and Homework
Authors: Ehret Christian
Published: December 2018

Young students must become proficient in the new literacies of 21st‐century technologies to be considered literate. This department explores how literacy educators can integrate information and communication technologies into the curriculum.
Titanic’s mirage, part 4: How might currents have affected visibility and the rescue operation?
Authors: Zinkova Mila
Published: December 2018

Ocean currents played an important role in the Titanic disaster, bringing sea ice and icebergs to the area in which the collision occurred. The currents also could have affected the Californian's drift, making her move in a circular motion that was confusing for all who witnessed the tragedy, and they could have made it more difficult to establish communications between the vessels. However, the currents might have helped the rescue ship Carpathia to navigate directly to the Titanic's lifeboats, in spite of the fact that the Carpathia was given an incorrect SOS position. This article provides historical and up to date information on the subject of the currents in the area of the disaster and explains what role the currents might have played in some of the remaining Titanic‐related mysteries.
Developing Egyptian water quality index for drainage water reuse in agriculture
Authors: El‐Sayed A. , Shaban M.
Published: December 2018

In Egypt, water quality (WQ) is an ordinary activity. However, the calculation of a tailor‐made Egyptian WQ index is not. Therefore, this research attempts to develop an index for the agricultural drainage water (EG‐DWQI) that can be reused for irrigation based on collected WQ data measured monthly from August 2000 to July 2015. The development of the EG‐DWQI was carried out in four main steps, namely, parameters selection, parameter transformation to a common scale, assignment of parameters weights, and aggregation of subindices to produce a final index score. In its final form, the index can be easily estimated using a set of rating curves and their corresponding equations that were statistically tested and proved to be verified. The developed index was successfully employed to delineate the drainage WQ status that can be reused for irrigation in the Nile Delta of Egypt as benchmarking for future comparisons. The EG‐DWQI is proved to be easy, fast, and does not entail complex mathematics and can be easily managed by means of a spreadsheet.

Practitioner points

This research develops a tailor made water quality index for assessing agricultural drainage water that can be re‐used for irrigation.

Then, the developed index was successfully employed to delineate the water quality in the main drains located in the Nile Delta of Egypt as benchmarking for future comparisons.

The application of the index is proved to be easy, fast and does not entail complicated mathematics especially with the new computer facilities.
Fiducial distributions in Higgs and Drell-Yan production at N3LL+NNLO
Authors: Bizoń Wojciech , Chen Xuan , Gehrmann-De Ridder Aude , Gehrmann Thomas , Glover Nigel , Huss Alexander , Monni Pier Francesco , Re Emanuele , Rottoli Luca , Torrielli Paolo
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The perturbative description of certain differential distributions across a wide kinematic range requires the matching of fixed-order perturbation theory with resummation of large logarithmic corrections to all orders. We present precise matched predictions for transverse-momentum distributions in Higgs boson (H) and Drell-Yan pair (DY) production as well as for the closely related ϕ

η

*
distribution at the LHC. The calculation is exclusive in the Born kinematics, and allows for arbitrary fiducial selection cuts on the decay products of the colour singlets, which is of primary relevance for experimental analyses. Our predictions feature very small residual scale uncertainties and display a good convergence of the perturbative series. A comparison of the predictions for DY observables to experimental data at 8 TeV shows a very good agreement within the quoted errors.
Loss-of-function of sox3 causes follicle development retardation and reduces fecundity in zebrafish
Authors: Hong Qiang , Li Cong , Ying Ruhong , Lin Heming , Li Jingqiu , Zhao Yu , Cheng Hanhua , Zhou Rongjia
Published: December 2018

Folliculogenesis is essential for production of female gametes in vertebrates. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying follicle development, particularly apoptosis regulation in ovary, remain elusive. Here, we generated sox3 knockout zebrafish lines using CRISPR/Cas9. sox3 knockout led to follicle development retardation and a reduced fecundity in females. Comparative analysis of transcriptome between sox3−/− and wild-type ovaries revealed that Sox3 was involved in pathways of ovarian steroidogenesis and apoptosis. Knockout of sox3 promoted follicle apoptosis and obvious apoptosis signals were detected in somatic cells of stages III and IV follicles of sox3−/− ovaries. Moreover, Sox3 can bind to and activate the promoter of cyp19a1a. Up-regulation of Cyp19a1a expression promoted 17β-estradiol synthesis, which inhibited apoptosis in follicle development. Thus, Sox3 functions as a regulator of Cyp19a1a expression, via 17β-E2 linking apoptosis suppression, which is implicated in improving female fecundity.
Level of Service Analysis for Metro Station with Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Manual: A Case Study—Shohada Station in Iran
Authors: Azadpeyma Arash , Kashi Ehsan
Published: December 2018

One of the main infrastructures in rail transportation is metro station. Obviously, analyzing and improving the capacity of the stations will ultimately lead to improved performance of the overall network. The capacity of metro station is the ability of the station and its associated spaces to create safety and comfort for the number of passengers expected to use the station. In this research, volume of passengers in the Shohada Square metro station has been used and simulated using VISSIM software. By the results of the simulation and regarding TCRP manual, six scenarios were analyzed in this research and different conditions were evaluated. Two main solutions for improving the performance of station were considered. It shows that the decision to remove the manual ticket purchase location will result in a 43% improvement in the performance of control space section and the approach to reducing the headway of trains from 240 s to 180 s will increase the amount of accessible space for each pedestrian in the platform to 35%. The method presented in this study can be used to evaluate and analyze other metro stations and even other transportation network stations.
Cortical expression of AMPA receptors during postnatal development in a genetic model of absence epilepsy
Authors: Adotevi Nadia Kafui , Leitch Beulah
Published: December 2018

Childhood absence epilepsy has been associated with poor academic performance, behavioural difficulties, as well as increased risk of physical injury in some affected children. The frequent episodes of ‘absence’ arise from corticothalamocortical network dysfunction, with multifactorial mechanisms potentially involved in genetically different patients. Aberrations in glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in some seizure models, and we have recently reported that reduced cortical AMPA receptor (AMPAR) expression (predominantly GluA4‐ containing AMPARs) in parvalbumin‐containing (PV+) inhibitory interneurons, could underlie seizure generation in the stargazer mutant mouse. In the present study, we investigate AMPA receptor subunit changes occurring during postnatal development in the stargazer mouse, to determine when these changes occur relative to seizure onset and thus could be contributory to seizure generation. Using quantitative western blotting, we analysed the expression of AMPAR GluA1‐4 subunits in the somatosensory cortex at three critical time points; two before seizure onset (postnatal days (PN) 7–9 and 13–15), and one at seizure onset (PN17–18) in stargazers. We report that compared to their non‐epileptic littermates, in the stargazer somatosensory cortex, there was a significant reduction in expression of AMPARs containing GluA1, 3 and 4 subunits prior to seizure onset, whereas reduction in expression of GluA2‐AMPARs appears to be a post‐seizure event. Thus, while loss of GluA4‐containing AMPARs (likely GluA1/4 and GluA3/4) may be linked to seizure induction, the loss of GluA2‐containing AMPARs is a secondary post‐seizure mechanism, which is most likely involved in seizure maintenance.
When relining potable water networks becomes reality
Authors: Nickels Liz
Published: December 2018

A new relining process involving a styrene-free resin suitable for drinking water applications allowed engineers to renovate an old pipe in the middle of Amsterdam with minimal upheaval. Liz Nickels spoke to resin supplier AOC Aliancys about the process and its future use.
Homosexuality, Witchcraft, and Power: the Politics of Ressentiment in Cameroon
Authors: Roxburgh Shelagh
Published: December 2018

In this study I hope to deconstruct dominant and popular homophobic discourses in Cameroon to offer a deeper analysis of the common association made between homosexuality, witchcraft, and cults. Through a closer engagement with rumors that suggest homosexuality, witches, and cults are working collectively and covertly to destroy Cameroonian society important issues of power, morality, and inequality emerge, providing a more complex understanding of homophobic violence. I argue that in order to address homophobic concerns in Cameroon, activists must contend with the complexity of epistemological differences and speak to the root causes of an emerging ressentiment.
RE-EVALUATING THE CREDIBILITY OF EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY: THE MISINFORMATION EFFECT AND THE OVERCRITICAL JUROR
Authors: Puddifoot Katherine
Published: December 2018

Eyewitnesses are susceptible to recollecting that they experienced an event in a way that is consistent with false information provided to them after the event. The effect is commonly called the misinformation effect. Because jurors tend to find eyewitness testimony compelling and persuasive, it is argued that jurors are likely to give inappropriate credence to eyewitness testimony, judging it to be reliable when it is not. It is argued that jurors should be informed about psychological findings on the misinformation effect, to ensure that they lower the credence that they give to eyewitness testimony to reflect the unreliability of human memory that is demonstrated by the effect. Here I present a new argument, the overcritical juror argument, to support the conclusion that eyewitnesses are likely to make inappropriate credence assignments to eyewitness testimony. Whereas previously authors have argued that jurors will tend to give too much credence to eyewitness testimony, I identify circumstances in which jurors will give too little credence to some pieces of testimony. In my view jurors should be informed by psychological findings relating to the misinformation effect to ensure that they do not lower the credence that they give to eyewitness testimony when they should not.
Identity Change and Rebel Party Political Success
Authors: Ishiyama John
Published: December 2018

Does a rebel party’s identity change impact its political success after civil wars end? Most work on political parties examines why parties change identities but does not examine the effects of such changes. In this article I examine whether identity change (indicated by party name changes and the official renunciation of violence) affects the political success of rebel parties in terms of seat shares won in the legislature, and inclusion into the executive. Using an original data set on rebel party identity change, I conduct both Prais–Winsten and logit regression analyses and find that although name changes have little impact on political success, renunciation of violence significantly increases the likelihood of both increased seat shares and inclusion in the executive. This finding has important implications regarding the impact of identity change and the transformation of rebel groups into political parties.
Organizational antecedents to designing a comprehensive complaint management system
Authors: S.Phabmixay Chanthaly , Rodríguez-Escudero Ana I , Rodríguez-Pinto Javier
Published: December 2018

The literature highlights two main approaches to designing an effective complaint management system: the mechanistic and the organic. The mechanistic approach emphasizes the establishment of guidelines for the correct processing, attention and resolution of complaints received. In contrast, the organic approach relies on creating a supportive internal environment for correct customer attention, made possible through training and empowering employees responsible for complaint management and by promoting extra-role behaviour among them. The present research aims to study the antecedents of adopting these two approaches. From a strategic perspective, we analyse the influence of organizational culture variables (the extent to which the firm is customer and innovation oriented) and the nature of the objectives pursued by complaint handling (defensive vs. improvement objectives). The proposed model is tested on a sample of 140 manufacturing firms. Findings indicate these antecedents shape the complaint management system in a diverse and significant manner.
New leaf-mine fossil from the Geumgwangdong Formation, Pohang Basin, South Korea, associates pygmy moths (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) with beech trees (Fagaceae,Fagus) in the Miocene
Authors: Sohn Jae-Cheon , Doorenweerd Camiel , Nam Kye Soo , Choi Sei-Woong
Published: December 2018

A nepticulid leaf-mine ichnofossil,Stigmellites janggiSohn and Nam, n. ichnosp., is described on the basis of a fossil leaf ofFagusfrom the early Miocene Geumgwangdong Formation in Pohang Basin. This mine trace is characterized by a linear-blotch type with a clear centric frass trail composed of closely and randomly dispersed pellets filling the mine width in the early stage. We found traces of a possible egg case and an exit slit from the leaf. These features are most consistent with those produced by members of Nepticulidae. Our record demonstrates for the first time the trophic association of Nepticulidae withFagusin the Miocene and suggests the persistence of a long-term association between the insect family and the plant genus from the Miocene to the present. Other Nepticulidae leaf mines in the Miocene and leaf-mine fossils from the Geumgwangdong Formation are briefly reviewed.

UUID:http://zoobank.org/fff951f6-ca82-4cca-a274-863e0d91acaa
ON THE STANDARD TWIST OF THE -FUNCTIONS OF HALF-INTEGRAL WEIGHT CUSP FORMS
Authors: KACZOROWSKI JERZY , PERELLI ALBERTO
Published: December 2018

The standard twist$F(s,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})$of$L$-functions$F(s)$in the Selberg class has several interesting properties and plays a central role in the Selberg class theory. It is therefore natural to study its finer analytic properties, for example the functional equation. Here we deal with a special case, where$F(s)$satisfies a functional equation with the same$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$-factor of the$L$-functions associated with the cusp forms of half-integral weight; for simplicity we present our results directly for such$L$-functions. We show that the standard twist$F(s,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})$satisfies a functional equation reflecting$s$to$1-s$, whose shape is not far from a Riemann-type functional equation of degree 2 and may be regarded as a degree 2 analog of the Hurwitz–Lerch functional equation. We also deduce some results on the growth on vertical strips and on the distribution of zeros of$F(s,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})$.
Probing the high-redshift universe with SPICA: Toward the epoch of reionisation and beyond
Authors: Egami E. , Gallerani S. , Schneider R. , Pallottini A. , Vallini L. , Sobacchi E. , Ferrara A. , Bianchi S. , Bocchio M. , Marassi S. , Armus L. , Spinoglio L. , Blain A. W. , Bradford M. , Clements D. L. , Dannerbauer H. , Fernández-Ontiveros J. A. , González-Alfonso E. , Griffin M. J. , Gruppioni C. , Kaneda H. , Kohno K. , Madden S. C. , Matsuhara H. , Najarro F. , Nakagawa T. , Oliver S. , Omukai K. , Onaka T. , Pearson C. , Perez-Fournon I. , Pérez-González P. G. , Schaerer D. , Scott D. , Serjeant S. , Smith J. D. , van der Tak F. F. S. , Wada T. , Yajima H.
Published: December 2018

With the recent discovery of a dozen dusty star-forming galaxies and around 30 quasars at z > 5 that are hyper-luminous in the infrared (μ LIR > 1013 L⊙, where μ is a lensing magnification factor), the possibility has opened up for SPICA, the proposed ESA M5 mid-/far-infrared mission, to extend its spectroscopic studies toward the epoch of reionisation and beyond. In this paper, we examine the feasibility and scientific potential of such observations with SPICA’s far-infrared spectrometer SAFARI, which will probe a spectral range (35–230 μm) that will be unexplored by ALMA and JWST. Our simulations show that SAFARI is capable of delivering good-quality spectra for hyper-luminous infrared galaxies at z = 5 − 10, allowing us to sample spectral features in the rest-frame mid-infrared and to investigate a host of key scientific issues, such as the relative importance of star formation versus AGN, the hardness of the radiation field, the level of chemical enrichment, and the properties of the molecular gas. From a broader perspective, SAFARI offers the potential to open up a new frontier in the study of the early Universe, providing access to uniquely powerful spectral features for probing first-generation objects, such as the key cooling lines of low-metallicity or metal-free forming galaxies (fine-structure and H2 lines) and emission features of solid compounds freshly synthesised by Population III supernovae. Ultimately, SAFARI’s ability to explore the high-redshift Universe will be determined by the availability of sufficiently bright targets (whether intrinsically luminous or gravitationally lensed). With its launch expected around 2030, SPICA is ideally positioned to take full advantage of upcoming wide-field surveys such as LSST, SKA, Euclid, and WFIRST, which are likely to provide extraordinary targets for SAFARI.
Continuous solutions and approximating scheme for fractional Dirichlet problems on Lipschitz domains
Authors: Felmer Patricio , Topp Erwin
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we study the fractional Dirichlet problem with the homogeneous exterior data posed on a bounded domain with Lipschitz continuous boundary. Under an extra assumption on the domain, slightly weaker than the exterior ball condition, we are able to prove existence and uniqueness of solutions which are Hölder continuous on the boundary. In proving this result, we use appropriate barrier functions obtained by an approximation procedure based on a suitable family of zero-th order problems. This procedure, in turn, allows us to obtain an approximation scheme for the Dirichlet problem through an equicontinuous family of solutions of the approximating zero-th order problems on ${\bar \Omega}$. Both results are extended to an ample class of fully non-linear operators.
QUANTITATIVE PROPERTIES OF MEROMORPHIC SOLUTIONS TO SOME DIFFERENTIAL-DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
Authors: WANG QIONG , HAN QI , HU PEICHU
Published: December 2018

We investigate several quantitative properties of entire and meromorphic solutions to some differential-difference equations and generalised delay differential-difference equations. Our results are sharp in a certain sense as illustrated by several examples.
MAXIMUM CUTS IN GRAPHS WITHOUT WHEELS
Authors: LIN JING , ZENG QINGHOU , CHEN FUYUAN
Published: December 2018

For a graph $G$, let $f(G)$ denote the maximum number of edges in a bipartite subgraph of $G$. Given a fixed graph $H$ and a positive integer $m$, let $f(m,H)$ denote the minimum possible cardinality of $f(G)$, as $G$ ranges over all graphs on $m$ edges that contain no copy of $H$. Alon et al. [‘Maximum cuts and judicious partitions in graphs without short cycles’, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 88 (2003), 329–346] conjectured that, for any fixed graph $H$, there exists an $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}(H)>0$ such that $f(m,H)\geq m/2+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}(m^{3/4+\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}})$. We show that, for any wheel graph $W_{2k}$ of $2k$ spokes, there exists $c(k)>0$ such that $f(m,W_{2k})\geq m/2+c(k)m^{(2k-1)/(3k-1)}\log m$. In particular, we confirm the conjecture asymptotically for $W_{4}$ and give general lower bounds for $W_{2k+1}$.
POSITIVE CENTRE SETS OF CONVEX CURVES AND A BONNESEN TYPE INEQUALITY
Authors: YANG YUNLONG
Published: December 2018

We consider the positive centre sets of regular $n$-gons, rectangles and half discs, and conjecture a Bonnesen type inequality concerning positive centre sets which is stronger than the classical isoperimetric inequality.
A NOTE ON POSITIVE OPERATORS
Authors: DOUST IAN
Published: December 2018

We show that positive absolutely norm attaining operators can be characterised by a simple property of their spectra. This result clarifies and simplifies a result of Ramesh. As an application we characterise weighted shift operators which are absolutely norm attaining.
A comparison of the effect of a Growing Up Milk – Lite (GUMLi) v. cows’ milk on longitudinal dietary patterns and nutrient intakes in children aged 12–23 months: the GUMLi randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lovell Amy L. , Davies Peter S. W. , Hill Rebecca J. , Milne Tania , Matsuyama Misa , Jiang Yannan , Chen Rachel X. , Grant Cameron C. , Wall Clare R.
Published: December 2018

The second year of life is a period of nutritional vulnerability. We aimed to investigate the dietary patterns and nutrient intakes from 1 to 2 years of age during the 12-month follow-up period of the Growing Up Milk – Lite (GUMLi) trial. The GUMLi trial was a multi-centre, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial of 160 healthy 1-year-old children in Auckland, New Zealand and Brisbane, Australia. Dietary intakes were collected at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-randomisation, using a validated FFQ. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis of the frequency of food item consumption per d. The effect of the intervention on dietary patterns and intake of eleven nutrients over the duration of the trial were investigated using random effects mixed models. A total of three dietary patterns were identified at baseline: ‘junk/snack foods’, ‘healthy/guideline foods’ and ‘breast milk/formula’. A significant group difference was observed in ‘breast milk/formula’ dietary pattern z scores at 12 months post-randomisation, where those in the GUMLi group loaded more positively on this pattern, suggesting more frequent consumption of breast milk. No difference was seen in the other two dietary patterns. Significant intervention effects were seen on nutrient intake between the GUMLi (intervention) and cows’ milk (control) groups, with lower protein and vitamin B12, and higher Fe, vitamin D, vitamin C and Zn intake in the GUMLi (intervention) group. The consumption of GUMLi did not affect dietary patterns, however, GUMLi participants had lower protein intake and higher Fe, vitamins D and C and Zn intake at 2 years of age.
CITING EMPEDOCLES: A BILINGUAL PUN AT OVID,MET.15.58
Authors: Roche Paul
Published: December 2018

Ovid completes his narrative of the origin of Croton with the following lines (Met. 15.58–9):talia constabat certa primordia famaesse loci positaeque Italis in finibus urbis.It was agreed by sure fame that such were the beginningsof the place and of the city established within Italian borders.
FROM GENOCIDE TO POSTGENOCIDE: SURVIVAL, GENDER, AND POLITICS
Authors: Der Matossian Bedross
Published: December 2018

On 31 July 2018, eighteen representatives of religious minority groups in Turkey, including the Armenians, Greeks, and Syriacs, issued a joint declaration saying: “As religious representatives and directors of different faiths and beliefs who have been residing in our country for centuries, we live out our faiths freely and practice our worship freely according to our traditions.” This state-orchestrated declaration contradicts a long history of discrimination suffered by minorities under different late Ottoman and Turkish political regimes. In the last two decades of the Ottoman Empire's rule, Ottoman Armenian, Greek, and Syriac subjects/citizens, among others, suffered extreme depredations and persecutions culminating in ethnic cleansing, genocide, and population exchange. The books under review deal with a grim phase in Ottoman and Turkish history: the Armenian Genocide during World War I and its repercussions during the subsequent republican period.
Colonization dynamics of periphytic ciliates at different water depths in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, northern China
Authors: Sikder Mohammad Nurul Azim , Abdullah Al Mamun , Hu Guobin , Xu Henglong
Published: December 2018

The colonization features of ciliate communities have proved to be a useful tool for indicating water quality status in aquatic ecosystems. To determine an optimal water depth for bioassessment using these ecological bioindicators, the colonization process of periphytic ciliates was studied at four depths of 1, 2, 3.5 and 5 m in Chinese coastal waters. Samples were collected at time intervals of 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days using glass slides. The periphytic ciliate communities represented similar colonization dynamics from a depth of 1 to 3.5 m: (1) the temporal variability was well fitted to the MacArthur-Wilson and logistic models; (2) the species composition reached an equilibrium during the exposure time periods of 10–14 days; and (3) the maximum abundances were definitely higher at a depth of 1 m than those at 3.5 m. PERMANOVA test revealed that the colonization pattern at 1 m depth was significantly different from those at the other three depths. Results suggest that the colonization dynamics of periphytic ciliates may be influenced by water depth in coastal waters. These findings provide an important reference for establishing an optimal sampling strategy for bioassessment on large spatial/temporal scales in marine ecosystems.
Effects of victimization on mental health and substance use trajectories in young sexual minority men
Authors: Swann Gregory , Forscher Emily , Bettin Emily , Newcomb Michael E. , Mustanski Brian
Published: December 2018

Young sexual minority men (YSMM) experience more victimization and are at higher risk for mental health and substance use problems compared with heterosexual youth. We attempt to understand change over time in the experience of these constructs among YSMM. Data were taken from a diverse community-based sample of YSMM (N = 450, baseline mean age 18.93) surveyed every 6 months for 2.5 years. Multilevel modeling was used to model within-person change in victimization, internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, alcohol frequency, marijuana use, and illicit drug use. We tested the indirect effect of concurrent and time-lagged victimization on the association between age and mental health and substance use. Victimization, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms decreased over time. Concurrent victimization was associated with higher internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, alcohol use, marijuana use, and illicit drug use. Analysis of indirect effects suggested that the association between victimization and mental health and substance use outcomes decreased as participants transitioned from adolescence into adulthood. This study found that the reduction in victimization that YSMM experience as they grow older is associated with a reduction in negative mental health and substance use outcomes. Prevention efforts to limit victimization exposure may reduce health disparities for YSMM.
Childhood adversity, externalizing behavior, and substance use in adolescence: Mediating effects of anterior cingulate cortex activation during inhibitory errors
Authors: Fava Nicole M. , Trucco Elisa M. , Martz Meghan E. , Cope Lora M. , Jester Jennifer M. , Zucker Robert A. , Heitzeg Mary M.
Published: December 2018

Childhood adversity can negatively impact development across various domains, including physical and mental health. Adverse childhood experiences have been linked to aggression and substance use; however, developmental pathways to explain these associations are not well characterized. Understanding early precursors to later problem behavior and substance use can inform preventive interventions. The aim of the current study was to examine neurobiological pathways through which childhood adversity may lead to early adolescent problem behavior and substance use in late adolescence by testing two prospective models. Our first model found that early adolescent externalizing behavior mediates the association between childhood adversity and alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use in late adolescence. Our second model found that activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during an inhibitory control task mediates the association between childhood adversity and early adolescent externalizing behavior, with lower ACC activation associated with higher levels of adversity and more externalizing behavior. Together these findings indicate that the path to substance use in late adolescence from childhood adversity may operate through lower functioning in the ACC related to inhibitory control and externalizing behavior. Early life stressors should be considered an integral component in the etiology and prevention of early and problematic substance use.
Spatial ecology of the Mariana Crow Corvus kubaryi: Implications for management strategies
Authors: FAEGRE SARAH K. , NIETMANN LINDSEY , HUBL DYLAN , HA JAMES C. , HA RENEE R.
Published: December 2018

Knowledge of species-specific spatial ecology is critical for applying appropriate management strategies to maximise conservation outcomes. We used radio-telemetry to describe spatial behaviour of the critically endangered, island-endemic Mariana Crow Corvus kubaryi. To determine whether management strategies should reflect life stage, we measured the home ranges and daily movements of 22 Mariana Crows. Fledgling mobility was low during the first 31 days post-fledging and effects of age (fledgling or sub-adult) and time (months post-fledging or post-dispersal) were often driven entirely by this period. After controlling for reduced fledgling mobility, cumulative home range size increased over time for both age classes and was, on average, more than twice the area for sub-adults than fledglings. Sub-adults also tended to make longer daily movements than fledglings. Non-cumulative, monthly home range areas did not increase over time but the average overlap in home range area between consecutive months was only 63%, suggesting large shifts in space use each month. These results highlight the dynamic nature of Mariana Crow home ranges and suggest that large-scale management efforts are critical for protecting both breeding and non-breeding individuals. The application of the traditional home range concept to Mariana Crows and other wide-ranging passerine birds may result in sub-optimal management strategies. Instead, we recommend that the spatial and temporal scale of conservation efforts be informed by species-specific spatial behaviour across all relevant life stages.
Emerging trends in the prenatal diagnosis of complex CHD and its influence on infant mortality in this cohort
Authors: Gorla Sudheer R. , Chakraborty Abhishek , Garg Ashish , Gugol Rubee A. , Kardon Richard E. , Swaminathan Sethuraman
Published: December 2018

Background

Fetal echocardiography is the main modality of prenatal diagnosis of CHD. This study was done to describe the trends and benefits associated with prenatal diagnosis of complex CHD at a tertiary care centre.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of patients with complex CHD over an 18-year period was performed. Rates of prenatal detection along with early and late infant mortality outcomes were studied.

Results

Of 381 complex CHD patients born during the study period, 68.8% were diagnosed prenatally. Prenatal detection rate increased during the study period from low-50s in the first quarter to mid-80s in the last quarter (p=0.001). Rate of detection of conotruncal anomalies increased over the study period. No infant mortality benefit was noted with prenatal detection.

Conclusions

Improved obstetrical screening indications and techniques have contributed to higher proportions of prenatal diagnosis of complex CHD. However, prenatal diagnosis did not confer survival benefits in infancy in our study.
Getting the Message Out: Social Media and Word-of-Mouth as Effective Communication Methods during Emergencies
Authors: Wolkin Amy F. , Schnall Amy H. , Nakata Nicole K. , Ellis Esther M.
Published: December 2018

Effective communication is a critical part of managing an emergency. During an emergency, the ways in which health agencies normally communicate warnings may not reach all of the intended audience. Not all communities are the same, and households within communities are diverse. Because different communities prefer different communication methods, community leaders and emergency planners need to know their communities’ preferred methods for seeking information about an emergency. This descriptive report explores findings from previous community assessments that have collected information on communication preferences, including television (TV), social media, and word-of-mouth (WoM) delivery methods. Data were analyzed from 12 Community Assessments for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPERs) conducted from 2014-2017 that included questions regarding primary and trusted communication sources. A CASPER is a rapid needs assessment designed to gather household-based information from a community. In 75.0% of the CASPERs, households reported TV as their primary source of information for specific emergency events (range = 24.0%-83.1%). Households reporting social media as their primary source of information differed widely across CASPERs (3.2%-41.8%). In five of the CASPERs, nearly one-half of households reported WoM as their primary source of information. These CASPERs were conducted in response to a specific emergency (ie, chemical spill, harmful algal bloom, hurricane, and flood). The CASPERs conducted as part of a preparedness activity had lower percentages of households reporting WoM as their primary source of information (8.3%-10.4%). The findings in this report demonstrate the need for emergency plans to include hybrid communication models, combining traditional methods with newer technologies to reach the broadest audience. Although TV was the most commonly reported preferred source of information, segments of the population relied on social media and WoM messaging. By using multiple methods for risk communication, emergency planners are more likely to reach the whole community and engage vulnerable populations that might not have access to, trust in, or understanding of traditional news sources. Multiple communication channels that include user-generated content, such as social media and WoM, can increase the timeliness of messaging and provide community members with message confirmation from sources they trust encouraging them to take protective public health actions.

WolkinAF, SchnallAH, NakataNK, EllisEM. Getting the message out: social media and word-of-mouth as effective communication methods during emergencies. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(1):89–94.
Rethinking the Consumer Metaphor versus the Citizen Metaphor: Frame Merging and Higher Education Reform in Sweden
Authors: Nordensvärd Johan , Ketola Markus
Published: December 2018

Neoliberal metaphors of students often describe students as consumers, managers and even as commodities, but this analysis often disregards the discursive complexity of education. We argue that frame merging is essential to understand the hybrid modalities of neoliberal images of students in the Swedish context, where the image of the student is suspended between a social democratic welfare service model, academic capitalism, new public management and welfare nationalism. We demonstrate this through the case study of introducing student fees for non-EU students in Swedish higher education, and how the merging of universal tax financing with a more individualised fee paying solution creates variegated and complex metaphors of students and higher education. These metaphors are infused with social democratic social citizenship, neoliberal reform of welfare services, academic capitalism and nationalist welfare chauvinism. This implies that, in practice, it is nigh on impossible to disentangle the neoliberal consumer metaphor from that of social citizenship; instead they merge to generate multiple contextually relevant metaphors to fit the local debates in higher education.
MODELS OF POSITIVE TRUTH
Authors: ŁEŁYK MATEUSZ , WCISŁO BARTOSZ
Published: December 2018

This paper is a follow-up to [4], in which a mistake in [6] (which spread also to [9]) was corrected. We give a strenghtening of the main result on the semantical nonconservativity of the theory of PT−with internal induction for total formulae${(\rm{P}}{{\rm{T}}^ - } + {\rm{INT}}\left( {{\rm{tot}}} \right)$, denoted by PT−in [9]). We show that if to PT−the axiom of internal induction forallarithmetical formulae is added (giving${\rm{P}}{{\rm{T}}^ - } + {\rm{INT}}$), then this theory is semantically stronger than${\rm{P}}{{\rm{T}}^ - } + {\rm{INT}}\left( {{\rm{tot}}} \right)$. In particular the latter is not relatively truth definable (in the sense of [11]) in the former. Last but not least, we provide an axiomatic theory of truth which meets the requirements put forward by Fischer and Horsten in [9]. The truth theory we define is based on Weak Kleene Logic instead of the Strong one.
Psychotic experiences and subjective cognitive complaints among 224 842 people in 48 low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Koyanagi A. , Stubbs B. , Lara E. , Veronese N. , Vancampfort D. , Smith L. , Haro J. M. , Oh H. , DeVylder J. E.
Published: December 2018

Aims

Cognitive deficits are an important factor in the pathogenesis of psychosis. Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) are often considered to be a precursor of objective cognitive deficits, but there are no studies specifically on SCC and psychotic experiences (PE). Thus, we assessed the association between SCC and PE using data from 48 low- and middle-income countries.

Methods

Community-based cross-sectional data of the World Health Survey were analysed. Two questions on subjective memory and learning complaints in the past 30 days were used to create a SCC scale ranging from 0 to 10 with higher scores representing more severe SCC. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to identify past 12-month PE. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed.

Results

The final sample consisted of 224 842 adults aged ⩾18 years [mean (SD) age 38.3 (16.0) years; 49.3% males]. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, a one-unit increase in the SCC scale was associated with a 1.17 (95% CI 1.16–1.18) times higher odds for PE in the overall sample, with this association being more pronounced in younger individuals: age 18–44 years OR = 1.19 (95% CI 1.17–1.20); 45–64 years OR = 1.15 (95% CI 1.12–1.17); ⩾65 years OR = 1.14 (95% CI 1.09–1.19). Collectively, other mental health conditions (perceived stress, depression, anxiety, sleep problems) explained 43.4% of this association, and chronic physical conditions partially explained the association but to a lesser extent (11.8%).

Conclusions

SCC were associated with PE. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand temporal associations and causal inferences, while the utility of SCC as a risk marker for psychosis especially for young adults should be scrutinised.
Seismic Evidence for a Mantle Transition Zone Origin of the Wudalianchi and Halaha Volcanoes in Northeast China
Authors: Wei Wei , Hammond James O. S. , Zhao Dapeng , Xu Jiandong , Liu Qian , Gu Yaning
Published: December 2018

There exists much debate about origins of Cretaceous to present volcanism in northeast (NE) China. Here we present high‐resolution seismic images of the upper mantle beneath NE China obtained by inverting P wave traveltime data recorded by two dense linear arrays. The inclusion of the new data set has greatly improved sampling of the upper mantle beneath the study region, providing tight constraints on the seismic structure under the intraplate Wudalianchi and Halaha volcanoes. Local‐scale low P wave velocity (low‐Vp) anomalies are revealed in the shallow mantle beneath the two volcanoes, whereas a large‐scale high‐Vp zone is imaged in the mantle transition zone. These new results suggest that the two volcanoes, though located at different sites above the stagnant Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone, are likely related to the deep subduction and dehydration of the Pacific slab, possibly through hot and wet upwelling in the big mantle wedge beneath Wudalianchi and through deeper hydrous upwelling related to slab avalanche beneath Halaha. Our results also reveal other striking features, such as high‐Vp anomalies resting atop the 410‐km discontinuity beneath the Great Xing'an Range and the Songliao Basin, which are attributed to detached continental lithosphere. The delamination most likely occurred in the Cretaceous, which induced widespread magmatism in NE China.
Strain Field Associated With a Component of Divergent Motion Along the Southern Dead Sea Fault: Insights From Magnetic Fabrics
Authors: Issachar R. , Levi T. , Marco S. , Weinberger R.
Published: December 2018

In order to reconstruct the strain field along the southern segment of the Dead Sea Fault (DSF) plate boundary, we analyzed the magnetic fabrics of carbonate rocks, outcropping along it. The magnetic fabrics provide a microstructural indicator that help to approximate the principal strain directions in the rocks. Our analysis includes ~900 cores from 58 sampling localities, along ~400 km of the southern DSF. We measured the magnetic fabrics of (1) pure calcite‐bearing limestones that consist diamagnetic fabrics and (2) chalks with composite fabrics, which we further separated into diamagnetic and paramagnetic subfabrics, using measurements of Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility at low temperatures. The results show that 87% of the diamagnetic fabrics and subfabrics are of tectonic origin. The orientations of the maximum Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility axes (K3axes) approximately align with the maximum horizontal shortening directions along the southern segment of the DSF, differ from the remote stress direction, and are largely parallel to the main trace of the DSF. This parallelism is not related to local variations in the geometry of the faults. We suggest that the deflection of the maximum horizontal shortening parallel to the transform plate boundary is a kinematic consequence of the Sinai‐Arabia relative plate motion, which expresses a component of divergence along the southern segment of the DSF. We conclude that magnetic fabrics of carbonate rocks are sensitive and reliable microstructural indicators for determination of the strain field along major fault systems.
Structural and Geochronological Constraints on Devonian Suprasubduction Tectonic Switching and Permian Collisional Dynamics in the Chinese Altai, Central Asia
Authors: Jiang Y. D. , Schulmann K. , Sun M. , Weinberg R. F. , Štípská P. , Li P. F. , Zhang J. , Chopin F. , Wang S. , Xia X. P. , Xiao W. J.
Published: December 2018

Kinematic significance and time scales of geodynamic processes forming the Altai Orogenic Belt are addressed through structural and petrological analysis combined with zircon and monazite geochronology. The study area is composed of orogenic lower crust represented by a Devonian migmatite‐magmatite complex and orogenic middle and upper crust formed by an amphibolite‐facies Ordovician sedimentary sequence and a weakly to unmetamorphosed Devonian volcano‐sedimentary cover, respectively. The orogenic lower and middle crust were first affected by moderate thickening, which formed subhorizontal Barrovian metamorphic schistosity. This fabric was reworked by deep crustal melting and intrusion of granite sheets during horizontal extension at 400–380 Ma. Soon after, this horizontal fabric was affected by NW‐SE shortening generating crustal‐scale upright folding associated with subvertical flow of still partially molten orogenic lower crust. During this event, the orogenic lower and middle crust were tightly juxtaposed with upper crustal sedimentary rocks. The last event was related with a NE‐SW oriented convergence resulting in large‐scale folding and megafold interference pattern in the Permian at 280–273 Ma. Combined with existing regional data, our results allow proposing a Devonian tectonic switching from compression to extension and back to compression, as a response to variations of subduction dynamics between slab advance and retreat in a Pacific‐type suprasubduction system. The Permian folding was associated with the progressive northward exhumation of thermally softened crust. This tectonic evolution is in response to the indentation of the rigid Junggar arc domain into the weak Altai wedge.
A microscale spectrophotometric method for quantification of doxorubicin in exhaled breath condensate
Authors: Jouyban Abolghasem , Samadi Azam , Jouyban-Gharamaleki Vahid , Khoubnasabjafari Maryam
Published: December 2018

This study presents a microscale spectrophotometric method for the determination of doxorubicin, one of the most important anticancer drugs in the clinic, based on the localized surface plasmon resonance property of silver nanoparticles.