bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TWO NEW PARASITES FROM EUPOEYA SLOSSONIÆ
Authors: Ashmead William H.
Published: February 2010

♀.—Length, 4.5 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen above brownish-yellow; collar above, the middle mesothoracic lobe anteriorly, the lateral lobes and the metathorax, fuscous or blackish; head beneath mouth parts, pronotum, thorax at sides and beneath, tegulæ, legs and venter, white; the tarsi more or less and the femora toward apex with a decided yellowish tinge; stemmaticum dusky, the ocelli pale; occiput with two dusky spots. Antennæ 48-jointed, slender, much longer than the body, the scape and pedicel somewhat dusky, the flagellum pale brownish-yellow. Mesonotum smooth, trilobed, the metanotum shagreened. Wings hyaline; the costa, stigma, poststigmatal and basal veins pale yellowish, the other veins dusky; second abscissa of radius about three times as long as the first, the second submarginal cell, therefore, long, longer than the first and almost as long as the third Abdomen as long or possibly a little longer than the head and thorax united. Segments 1–3 coarsely longitudinally striated, the following almost smooth, but opaque; the first segment is scarcely as long as the second and third united, the third about half the length of the second, the fourth and following shorter, subequal; ovipositor distinctly exserted, scarcely as long as the basal joint of hind tarsi, the tip black. Type, No. 3648, U. S. N. M.
A GENERIC REVISION OF THE HYPOGYMNIDÆ (LIPARIDÆ)
Authors: Dyar Harrison G.
Published: February 2010

Before the generic names of our moths can become permanent, it is necessary that all the described genera should be compared, but specially the older genera of Europe. To make a beginning in this matter, I have drawn up the following synoptic table of the Hypogymnidæ, based on the characters used in Hampson's Moths of India, adding thereto the species found in Europe and in North America. The types of the genera are recognized as determined by Kirby.
NAKED AND COCOON PUPÆ OF ANTS
Authors: King Geo. B.
Published: February 2010

Ordinarily the tribe Camponotidæ can be separated from the other tribes of ants by its habit of having cocoon pupæ in which their young go through their transformation period; whereas those of the (so-called) aculeate genera remain naked and do not spin a cocoon, it will appear, however, if diligent search be made, that several species of this tribe (Camponotidæ) do have naked pupæ, mixed with their cocooned ones, Latreille seems to have been the first to discover that Formica fusca, L., had naked and cocoon pupæ. He could not, however, understand why this should be, and indeed it remains one of the dark mysteries of the present day. So far as I am aware no other species of ants have been listed, other than Formica fusca, L., having this habit. During my researches in the study of the ants of Massachusetts, I have found that other species have acquired the same habit. And to satisfy myself that no mistake was made on my part in the determination of the larva, cocoon or imago, I sent samples of them to my friend and coworker, Mr. Ernest Andra, of France, for his opinion, and at the same time enquired of him if any of the ants of Europe had been discovered with naked and cocooned pupæ, other than F. fusca.
THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA
Authors: Wickham H. F.
Published: February 2010

Easily recognized by the very short elytra which are divaricate and separately rounded at apex, about equalling the prothorax in length. M. bimaculatus, Say (fig. 23), is somewhat variable in colour, but is ordinarily black except a large testaceous blotch on each elytron. The thorax is rather broad, roughly punctured, the sides irregularly rounded, Length, .20–.32 in. Usually found on flowers, but has been bred from hickory, maple, ash, and dogwood.
NOTES ON RHOPALOCERA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES
Authors: Skinner Henry
Published: February 2010

I have received beautifully fresh specimens of Argynnis atossa taken in the mountains near Tehachapi, Southern California, July 7th, 1895. The inner half of the superiors below is bright red, almost a blood red. The species was described by Mr. Edwards from a specimen taken by Mr. H. K. Burrison. It is quite distinct and ranks with diana, idalia and nokomis as one of our handsomest Argynnids.
SOME NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN DORYDINI (Jassinæ)
Authors: Baker C. F.
Published: February 2010

Spangbergiella vulnerata, Uhler.—There are two specimens of this species in the National Museum collection from New York, and another in Fitch collection from Arkansas.

Spangbergiella Lynchii, Berg.—Signoret quotes the description of this species in his Essai sur les Jassides and says: “This species might well be the S. vulneratus.” Berg takes this suggestion as the final disposition of the species, and reduces Lynchii to a synonym of vulnerata. I have a specimen of what is undoubtedly this species, from the Herbert H. Smith collection taken at Corumba. While it is very near vulnerata. still I think it should retain its place as a good species.
CATALOGUE OF THE PHYTOPHAGOUS AND PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA OF VANCOUVER ISLAND
Authors: Harrington W. Hague
Published: February 2010

The following list is based upon a very interesting collection made, chiefly at Cedar Hill, near Victoria, by the Rev. G. W. Taylor, F.R.S.C., but includes such other species as I have found described, or recorded from Vancouver Island. Even with such additions it is a short list in comparison with those that could be compiled from much less extensive areas in Ontario. British Columbia has, as yet, had but few resident entomologists, and its rich fauna is, in consequence, but poorly known. Butterflies and beetles have been fairly well collected, but in other directions there are almost unexplored fields for investigation.
THE RASPBERRY-CANE MAGGOT (Phorbia rubivora, Coquillett)
Authors: Slingerland M. V.
Published: February 2010

This new raspberry pest has been discussed in detail in Bulletin 126, issued in February, 1897, from the Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station. The life-history and habits of this Anthomyiian are fully illustrated in the Bulletin. At the time the Bulletin was written; however, the name of the insect had not been determined. In April, 1897, I reared several more of the flies and sent some to Mr. D. W. Coquillett at Washington. He soon reported that the insect was a new species of Phorbia, and sent me the following technical description of the fly, which he had drawn up from the specimens I sent him.
THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA
Authors: Wickham H. F.
Published: February 2010

Represented by A. confusa, Say, the only Canadian species of the group Atimioides. Aside from the structural peculiarities given in the table of genera, it may be characterized by the blackish colour and the punctate surface clothed with rather long yellowish pubescence, which is irregularly disposed so as to leave abraded smooth spots. The elytra are broader than prothorax, truncate at tip. Length, .33–.40 inch.
THE HIND WINGS OF THE DAY BUTTERFLIES
Authors: Grote A. Radcliffe
Published: February 2010

I wish to offer here a few remarks on the structure of the hind wings of the diurnals especially, in extension of my recent paper on the Butterflies of Hildesheim.

The first point relates to the fact that the hind wings are more specialized as compared with the primaries. The probable explanation I offer is, that the hind wings bear more of the weight of the body (abdomen), and that they regulate the downward stroke of the fore wings.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPIDERS
Authors: Banks Nathan
Published: February 2010

Length ♀ 13 mm.; ceph. 5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide; patella plus tibia IV. 6 mm. long. Cephalothorax red-brown, darkest around head; mandibles dark red-brown; legs and palpi yellow-brown, lighter at tips; sternum dark red-brown; abdomen nearly black above, with faint indications of a light median streak, in the base of which is a black spear-mark; venter dark gray; spinnerets yellow. Posterior row of eyes straight, broader than anterior row; P. M. E. round, separated by their diameter, nearer to each other than to the larger P. S. E.; A. M. E. about half their diameter apart, and slightly nearer to the A. S. E. than to each other. Legs quite long, no spines above or below on tibia I., and none above on tibia IV.; thick scopulas to all tarsi and metatarsi (except IV.). Sternum broad; the abdomen long and narrow; the upper spinnerets distinctly two-jointed and much longer than the lower pair, the second joint more than twice as long as wide. The epigynum shows a rounded cavity, slightly longer than broad, broader behind than in front, the anterior portion paler than the rest; there is a median septum which in the fore part is narrow, but quite suddenly broadens at the middle and then tapers to the broadly rounded tip.
A NEW METHOD OF STUDYING NEURATION
Authors: Skinner Henry
Published: February 2010

The opprobrium cast on the lepidopterist has been that he did not study the anatomy of his specimens, but depended too much on maculation and colour. There has been much truth in the reproach, as there are few of us who would destroy a rare or unique specimen to examine the neuration. Fortunately the time has arrived when the neuration can be studied with the greatest ease and accuracy, and permanently rerecorded in a photograph, or, more strictly speaking, a radiograph. The anatomy of a living chrysalis may be studied without removing the cocoon, and also the internal anatomy of the thorax and abdomen can be fairly well seen, and in time the process may be improved for this work.
LARVA OF TITANIO HELIANTHIALES, Murtfeldt
Authors: Dyar Harrison G.
Published: February 2010

Miss Murtfeldt's interesting discovery of this leaf-mining Pyralid suggested to me the inquiry as to how far the setæ of the larva had been affected by this unusual habit. The leaf-mining Tineids have tubercles iv. and v. remote, while all the Pyralids that I have seen have these tubercles united. I was interested to learn how far fixed this Pyralid character is, especially as the setæ have been studied in but a few microlepidoptera.
THE NEW MEXICO SPECIES OF ANTHIDIUM
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

The bee-genus Anthidium is not very well represented in New Mexico, the following being all yet observed.

(1.) Anthidium larreœ, n. sp.— ♀. Length about 12Û mm., fairly stout, but the abdomen not subglobose; black, with yellow markings, those of the thorax recalling Steniolia duplicata. Head large, face nearly square, moderately shining, closely punctured, sides of vertex with punctures of unequal size; end of mandibles not developed into distinct teeth. Antennæ short, black.
A NEW ATTID SPIDER
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

Length not quite 5 mm. Cephalothorax above brilliant peacock green, slightly intermixed with brassy in front; white hairs above the row of eyes forming a weak band, also narrowly encircling the eyes; an irregular patch of white hairs beneath the hindmost eyes; lateral (inferior) margins of cephalothorax with a broad, well-defined white band. Legs black with white hairs, the hairs so arranged as to divide the legs into alternate sections of black and white; the tibiæ black at base and middle, the tarsi narrowly black at base. Palpi covered with white hairs. Mandibles black. Abdomen above brilliant metallic magenta, with the base yellowish green; the sides and the under surface white, minutely speckled with black.
LEDRA PERDITA vs. CENTRUCHUS LIEBECKII
Authors: Goding F. W.
Published: February 2010

In the February Canadian Entomologist, page 38, Prof. C. F. Baker contributes an article on Ledra perdita, A. and S., in which he attempts to identify the insect described by Amyot and Serville under that name with my Centruchus Liebeckii. Those authors describe their species from an admittedly inaccurate figure, the original type having been destroyed. They state that their species is from Northern America. [See note.] Van Duzee states (fide Baker) that perdita is from Pennsylvania, on what authority I do not know, and Prof. Baker decides that because Van Duzee gives that State as the habitat of the insect, and my species having been described from the same commonwealth, they must be identical. As there is no proof beyond the dictum of Van Duzee that Ledra perdita is from Pennsylvania that point may be dropped until we hear further from him. He is too careful a student of our Homoptera to be guilty of confusing a Membracid with a Ledra.
A PARASITE OF HEMIPTEROUS EGGS
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

The following description is offered of an insect to which I shall have occasion to allude in a forthcoming Bulletin, wherein such descriptive matter would be inappropriate.

Hadronotus mesillæ, n. sp.—♂. Length slightly over 1 mm.; black; coxæ black, legs otherwise rufous. Antennæ dark rufous, arising just above mouth, delicately pubescent; pedicel oval, shining, punctured, conspicuously shorter than the long first flagellar joint; second flagellar joint shorter than the tirst, but fully twice as long as broad; third to fifth joints oval, shorter than the second, the third slightly longer than the following, all longer than broad.
DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW GENERA IN THE FAMILY CYNIPIDÆ
Authors: Ashmead William H.
Published: February 2010

This new genus somewhat resembles Philonix, Fitch (= Actaspis, Mayr), and agrees with it in having 14-jointed antennæ, but otherwise is quite different. The head, thorax and abdomen are highly polished, impunctate, the mesonotum being entirely without any trace of the parapsidal furrows, and in this character differing widely from all other of the agamous genera of the Cynipinæ. The absence of the parapsidal furrows being peculiar only to the sexual genera Neuroterus (Ameristus, Færster) and Dolichostrophus, Ashmead. The third joint of the antennæ is not quite as long as joints 1 and 2 or 3 and 4 united, joints 10–13 a little longer than thick, while the last joint is fusiform, a little longer than the penultimate. The scutellum has a depression across its base, but is without distinct foveæ, and is also not separated from the base of the mesonotum by a delicate grooved line; apically it is obtusely rounded, shagreened and somewhat densely pubescent. The mesopleura have a large, rather deep vertical femoral impression. The wings are represented by very short pads which do not extend beyond the apex of the metathorax or just reach to base of abdomen. The abdomen is about twice as long as the head and thorax united, polished, bare; the second segment dorsally occupies about half the whole surface; the third segment dorsally is not quite as long as segments 4 and 5 united; the segments 4–7 subequal; while the hypopygium terminates in a long, pubescent spine. The hind tarsi are as long as their tibiæ, the claws being simple.
A NEW FOOD PLANT FOR PAPILIO ASTERIAS
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

A few days ago I received a letter from Mr. A. V. Thomsen, Chicago, giving a new food plant for Papilio Asterias. But I can give it best by quoting part of Mr. Thomsen's letter. He says:

“Having made a very interesting observation in my study of Lepidoptera, I herewith enclose the notes regardin; the same. Aug. 26, '97, I received from Mr. Higgins, in charge of Dept. of Hardy Perennials and Wild Flowers, Lincoln Park, four larvæ of Papilio Asterias, nearly full-fed.
NOTES ON GRAPTA INTERROGATIONIS, Fabr.
Authors: Lyman H. H. , Winn A. F.
Published: February 2010

This species was unusually abundant in this, as in many other localities, during the season of 1896, and afforded an excellent opportunity for studying it, which we took advantage of by rearing it from the egg. The preparatory stages are well known, and a full account of the life history was given by Mr. W. H. Edwards in Can. Ent. XIV., pp. 201–207. As noted by Mr. Edwards, the larvæ vary greatly, and this is true even in those raised from the same batch of eggs, and these variations seem to be in no way connected with the two forms of the imago.
NEW SPECIES OF CHIONASPIS
Authors: Cooley R. A.
Published: February 2010

At the request of Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, through correspondence with Prof. Fernald, I was induced to take up the study of the genus Chionaspis, and Prof. Lull the genus Pulvinaria. Prof. Fernald prepared and sent out a circular letter to all entomologists whose addresses could be obtained, in this and other countries, and personal letters were also sent to the leading coccidologists, asking for as many species as possible to aid in the preparation of monographs of these two genera. The result has been most gratifying, for already a very large amount of material has been received.
PREPARATORY STAGES OF PYRUS TESSELLATA, Scud.
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Diameter, .02 inch. Blunt conical, height about the same as the diameter; ridged with about 30 longitudinal striæ, with shallower cross striæ. Colour pale green. Duration of this period six days.

Young Larvæ.—Length, .08 inch; cylindrical; head somewhat cordate, two-thirds the width of the body; the anterior part of joint 2 about one-half the diameter of the head, the posterior part as wide as joint 3; each joint back of 2 with four low transverse folds besides the very narrow fold at each end of the joint. Colour pale greenish with a white sheen; piliferous spots concolorous; hairs erect, forked to about the middle, the forks curving back towards the body anteriorly and posteriorly.
A LIST OF MANITOBA MOTHS
Authors: Hanham A. W.
Published: February 2010

The following list of Manitoba species, it is hoped, will prove of interest to readers of the Canadian Entomologist:

With a few exceptions, the records are from my own observations and captures. The list covers the work or collecting of three whole seasons and the latter half of a fourth; and it is to a great extent a local one, very little collecting having been done outside of the Winnipeg district.
ON LEDRA PERDITA, A. & S.
Authors: Baker Carl F.
Published: February 2010

On page 577 of their great work on the Hemiptera, Amyot and Serville describe two species of Ledra. One, L. aurita, the well-known species of Europe, was characterized from specimens collected near Paris. I have specimens of it now before me. Its size, the broad membranous prolongation of the head, the ear-shaped horns on the thorax, together with other details of structure, separate it widely from any other homopterous insect. The other species described, L. perdita, though equally unique in form, was characterized under circumstances which, for such eminent scientists as Amyot and Serville, seem extraordinary. After a three-line description, they remark: “L'exemplaire unique d'après lequel cette espèce a été figurée, ayant été détruit, nous la décrivons d'après la figure.” Unfortunately, the figure, number five on plate II., is very poor. The species is credited to “Amérique septentrionale.”
SOME NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM THE WESTERN U. S.
Authors: Barnes WM.
Published: February 2010

♂.—Upper surface very much like Cybele; differs from Leto in the lighter shade of the ground colour and the much darker and more extensive basal area. This area is sharply limited at the outer edge and extends to the median row of markings, which on the hind wings are quite obscured by it. The apical region is not so clear as in Leto, the row of round spots in the outer belt continuing of large size up to the costa, and the dark blotch lying just within the upper three spots is very prominent, as in Cybele.
ON THE MEXICAN BEES OF THE GENUS AUGOCHLORA
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

A. labrosa is cited from Mexico by its describer, but I have not seen it from that country. Mr. Robertson sends it to me from Illinois. There are two species found in Texas, which may be expected also across the Mexican border. One of them is what passes for A. sumptuosa, Sm., in this country, and indeed agrees with Smith's description; but Col. Bingham finds that a co-type in the British Museum belongs to Section A above (spur minutely ciliate), while our insect belongs to Sect. B. It is just possible that the B. M. co-type is not identical with the true type of sumptuosa; if this is not so, our sumptuosa will have to be renamed. The other Texan species referred to was recorded by Cresson as A. lucidula, Sm., but it differs from that, and is referable to A. humeralis, Patton, of which it may perhaps constitute a geographical race.
CATALOGUE OF THE PHYTOPHAGOUS AND PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA OF VANCOUVER ISLAND
Authors: Harrington W. Hague
Published: February 2010

Amblyteles subrufus, Cress.—One ♀ labelled Ich. sequax, received by Mr. Fletcher, appears to belong to this species. It is certainly not sequax.

Amblyteles suturalis, Say.

Amblyteles superbus, Prov.— Thirteen ♀s, including Provancher's type, which Mr. Davis has found to equal suturalis (Can. Ent., Vol. XXVII., p. 287). They are yellower than Ottawa specimens; with sutural bands of abdomen weaker and sometimes wanting.
THE BLUEBERRY SPAN-WORM (DIASTICTIS INCEPTARIA, Walk.) AND THE BUMBLE FLOWER-BEETLE (EUPHORIA INDA, Linn.)
Authors: Slingerland M. V.
Published: February 2010

On May 20th, 1896, I received the following letter from a correspondent in Mount Vernon, N. H.: “I enclose you worms that are making sad havoc with the blueberry crop in this section. They seem to be great feeders, completely stripping the bushes of leaves and blossoms, but do not touch the green berries after they begin to form. The berry fields look as though a fire had passed over them, and the worms have nearly ruined the blueberry crop in this vicinity.
A NEW WATER-BUG FROM CANADA
Authors: Ashmead William H.
Published: February 2010

The interesting new species of water-bug described below was received some time ago from Abbé P. A. Bégin, of Sherbrooke, Canada. It was captured swimming on a fresh-water stream some little distance above Sherbrooke, and is of more than ordinary interest, from the fact that it belongs to the genus Halobatopsis, Bianchi, a genus not yet recognized in the North American fauna, and only recently characterized, being based upon the South American Halobates platensis, Berg., also a fresh-water species.
NEW FORMS OF OSMIA FROM NEW MEXICO
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

Osmia prunorum, n. sp.

♀.—Length, 9 mm.; shining dark greenish-blue, densely punctured with pale ochreous pubescence. Head subquadrate, face and front so densely punctured as to be cancellate; pubescence thin except on occiput; clypeus punctured just like the front, with no central keel, the anterior margin broadly dark purple, the edge straight and entire, two converging brushes of orange hair projecting from beneath it. Mandibles with the two lower teeth long and pointed. Antennæ rather short, flagellum only feebly brownish beneath. Thorax very closely punctured, not very densely hairy; basal triangle of metathorax minutely granular, its extreme base minutely longitudinally plicate. Tegulæ black, shining, sparsely punctured. Wings hyaline, faintly dusky beyond the nervures, nervures black. Legs black, with pale brownish or grayish pubescence, rufescent on inner sides of basal joints of tarsi; hind femora quite broad at ends, basal joint of hind tarsi quite stout. Abdomen short, suboval, convex, shining, strongly but not very closely punctured, first joint covered with sparse long pale ochreous pubescence; remaining joints with a sericeous pile, only noticeable in certain lights, when it will take more or less the appearance of bands. Apex with snow-white hairs. Ventral scopa black in middle and yellowish-white at sides.
FURTHER NOTES ON AUGOCHLORA
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

A portion of my table of Mexican species, on p. 4, should be amended to read as follows:—

5. Hind margins of abdominal segments broadly black, blue-green or more or less purplish-tinted species.
A NEW PYRALID
Authors: Murtfeldt Mary E.
Published: February 2010

Alar expanse 15 to 16 mm.

Head small, with long, rather bristly scales, of which it is easily denuded, the colours mingled dingy white and buff; labial palpi projecting, elongate triangular, densely scaled, of a buff colour, indistinctly margined with white; maxillary palpi not in evidence; tongue slender, naked, eyes globular, large, purplish brown; antennæ silvery white above, pale brown beneath, the joints distinct and clothed with very short pubescence. Thorax buff with white median line, patagia buff; bordered more or less distinctly with white. Abdomen clothed with buff or fulvous scales, with indistinct bands of white at base. Legs shading from pale brown femora to yellowish-white tarsi. Wings broad. Fore wings, ground dour of black, buff and white scales intermingled, ranging from dark to light in proportion to the number of white scales, which is variable; a narrow, rather indefinite, white streak extends longitudinally from the base of the wing near the inner margin to about the middle; a more distinct white area has its base on the costa in the apical third extending obliquely backward about half across the wing; a narrow white line curves around the outer margin, diverging quite widely from the latter near the apical and the outer angles, most distinct near the costa, where it very nearly touches the base of the costal fascia, to this succeeds a dark band and a second narrower white line followed by a fine black marginal line; fringes white, variegated with two dusky bands.
SYNONYMICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN ORTHOPTERA
Authors: Scudder Samuel H.
Published: February 2010

In a review of N. A. Decticinæ (Can. Ent., XXVI.), I referred (p. 180) an undescribed Pacific Coast species provisionally to Drymadusa, an Old World genus of which I had not then seen specimens. Direct comparison shows that it differs from that genus in the lack of a humeral sinus on the posterior border of the lateral lobes of the pronotum and in the great posterior extension of the pronotum. I propose for it the generic name Apote (μ-, ποτίι). The species, which may be called A. notabilis, is testaceous, tinged on the pronotum with olive-green, the abdomen fusco-testaceous, much and minutely marked with black and light testaceous, the tegmina abbreviate but attingent, testaceous with black veins. The length of the body is 37 mm.; of the ovipositor, 28 mm. Oregon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS OF THE LARVA OF SIBINE FUSCA, WITH NOTES ON THE FOUR KNOWN LARVÆ OF SIBINE
Authors: Dyar Harrison G.
Published: February 2010

Stoll figures the moth of two species of Sibine. He also figures two larvæ of Sibine, but, owing to the unfortunate confusion into which his labels must have fallen, they are not attributed to the right imagines, but to two species of Dioptidæ. After Stoll, Sepp also illustrated two species of Sibine, with their larvæ correctly shown. One of Sepp's species is the same as one of Stoll's, the other is different in both larva and moth. This gives three species of the genus known in both larval and mature states, assuming only that the larva which Stoll figures as micilia (228 G.) really belongs to the moth nesea, which I think is probably the case.
DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA AND PUPA OF AULAX NABALI
Authors: Fyles Thomas W.
Published: February 2010

The tall White Lettuce, Nabalus altissimus, Hooker, is a striking and graceful plant. At Quebec it is found in glades and on the edges of woodland roads. Its wand-like stems rise sometimes to the height of six feet, and end in panicles of greenish-white or pale straw-coloured flowers. The stems are hollow, but have a lining or inner coat of white downy pith, which in the summer is sometimes found to be broken with discoloured warts. Late in the fall, when the stems of the plant have become indurated and the pith has dried up, the warts are found to have developed into galls of the size, shape and colour of grains of hemp. I have found them in the stems from about six inches above the ground up to a height of three feet or perhaps more. Sometimes they appear in clusters, sometimes in rows, and sometimes singly at intervals. The proper inhabitant of each of these galls is a footless, spindle-shaped grub, one-eighth of an inch long. In colour it is like white wax, with the mouth organs brown. It is more pointed at the head than at the other extremity. It lies curled round in the gall.
A NEW SPECIES OF ANCYLOXYPHA
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

Female.—Expanse I inch. Fore wings with the costa more straight from the shoulder to near the apex than in Numitor, in this respect approaching Thymelicus; apex rounded, but less than in Numitor; outer margin and hind wing rounded, much as in Numitor; antennæ reaching but little more than one-third the distance to apex of fore wings; palpi as in Numitor, but the third joint longer; abdomen surpassing hind wings, but less so than in Numitor; the whole insect more robust than Numitor.
THE LOST LEDRA AGAIN
Authors: Osborn Herbert
Published: February 2010

The interesting note by Prof. Baker on Ledra perdita (Centruchus perdita, A. & S.) deserves notice on account of the mystery which it clears up, and it may also be worth while to add some testimony in the way of corroborative evidence.
ARGYNNIS IDALIA IN NEW BRUNSWICK
Authors: Fletcher J.
Published: February 2010

On February 1st I happened to spend a few hours in St. John, N. B., and through the kindness of Mr. Herbert E. Goold, of Sussex, N. B., and Mr. A. Morissey, of St. John, I was enabled to visit the very interesting museum of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick. In looking over the cases of insects I noticed two fine specimens of Argynnis idalirr, which Mr. Goold told me were taken by himself or his father at St. John. I could not remember at the time any record of A. idalia having been taken in New Brunswick, so asked Mr. Goold to enquire from his father if he remembered anything of the capture. He has since written to me: “In re Argynnis idalia—On my return home from St. John I asked my father about the specimens.
SOME NEW NOCTUIDÆ
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

Agrotis agilis, n. s.

Two males in good condition received from Mr. James Fletcher, from Vancouver, belong to a decidely different species from my semiclarata, Essay, Plate 1, Fig 9, though allied,as also to Californian gravis, and our Eastern venerabilis. Antennæ brush-like. Gray, with a brown tinge. Lines obliterate.
Placement of the Internal Pulse Generator for Deep Brain Stimulation in the Upper Back to Prevent Fracture of the Extension Wire due to Generator Rotation: Case Report
Authors: Garg Ankur , Mohan Avinash L. , Garell P. Charles
Published: February 2010

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a common surgical procedure used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor. A potential complication of this procedure is hardware failure. The authors report a case of DBS hardware failure in which repeated fractures of the extension wire were caused by abnormal rotational movements of the IPG placed in the loose subclavicular tissue of an overweight female. Implantation of the IPG in the suprascapular area prevented further extension wire fractures. This strategy may be especially relevant in overweight females with loose subclavicular tissue.
Primary aorto-enteric fistula
Authors: Thomson VS , Gopinath KG , Joseph E , Joseph G
Published: February 2010

A 70-year-old lady presented with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and septicemia caused by multiple enteric pathogens. She was diagnosed to have primary aorto-enteric fistula (PAEF) complicating abdominal aortic aneurysm. Endovascular aneurysm repair was carried out that arrested gastrointestinal bleeding, but despite prolonged antibiotic therapy the patient died a month later of probable sepsis. PAEF refers to abnormal communication between the aorta and the intestine resulting from disease at either site; this rare condition should be suspected in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm who present with unexplained life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding. Computerized tomography is the most sensitive investigation. Presence of ectopic gas adjacent to or within the aorta and of contrast within the gastrointestinal tract is the pathognomonic finding. Definitive treatment consists of surgical intervention, but it is associated with high risk in the acute setting. Endovascular therapy using stent-grafts is safe and effective in arresting gastrointestinal bleeding. However, it is frequently associated with recurrent sepsis even with continued antibiotic therapy, and should be considered as a bridge to more definitive surgical repair at a later time, after optimization of the patient's condition.
Yellow nail syndrome following thoracic surgery
Authors: Banta DP , Dandamudi N , Parekh HJ , Anholm JD
Published: February 2010

An 80-year-old man presented with the characteristic triad of yellow nail syndrome (chronic respiratory disorders, primary lymphedema and yellow nails) in association with coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Treatment with mechanical pleurodesis and vitamin E resulted in near complete resolution of the yellow nails, pleural effusions, and lower extremity edema. The etiology of the yellow nail syndrome has been described as an anatomical or functional lymphatic abnormality. Several conditions have previously been described as associated with this disease. This is the first report of the association of this syndrome with thoracic surgery.
Deflazacort
Authors: Joshi N , Rajeshwari K
Published: February 2010

Conventional oral steroids like prednisolone have various adverse effects both during short-term and long-term use. Hence a search for an alternative oral steroid with fewer side-effects is underway throughout the world. Deflazacort, an oxazoline derivative, is a step in this direction. The number of large randomized trials using deflazacort for steroid-responsive disorders in children is limited. Use of deflazacort has been explored largely in patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Preliminary data suggest reduced osteoporosis, lesser growth retardation and weight gain with use of deflazacort, as compared to other steriods. In view of the limited data demonstrating superiority of deflazacort over the available oral steroids and its prohibitive cost, it is early to advocate widespread use of this drug in children.
Myocardial infarction in the young
Authors: Cengel A , Tanindi A
Published: February 2010

An increasing number of patients under 40 years of age are being hospitalized with the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. This is partly due to the increased prevalance of risk factors for atherosclerosis in the younger age group; especially increased incidence of impaired fasting glucose, high triglyceride, low high-density lipoprotein levels and increased waist to hip ratio. However, non-atherosclerotic coronary artery disease or hypercoagulability should also be investigated or at least suspected in the younger patients. The pathophysiology of different clinical conditions and disease states which cause acute coronary syndromes in the young patients are reviewed, and the diagnostic modalities and therapatic options for these conditions are briefly discussed by searching for "premature atherosclerosis", "hypercoagulable states", "risk factors for atherosclerosis in youth", "novel risk factors for atherosclerosis", "non-atherosclerotic coronary artery diseases" in PubMed.
Ecoregion and farm size differences in feed and manure nitrogen management: 1. Survey methods and results for poultry
Authors: Sheppard S C , Bittman S. , Beaulieu M. , Sheppard M I
Published: February 2010

Environmental issues related to agriculture, and especially to animal production, are prominent in the regulatory agenda and are an area where the general public expects improvements. Many of the issues can be mitigated with changes in farm management practices. There is considerable potential for improvement, but before actions are recommended or mandated, it is important to document what are the current management practices and how they vary across the country and with farm size. This is the first of a series of papers that describes a large-scale livestock farm practices survey (LFPS) conducted across livestock farms in Canada, emphasizing manure nitrogen (N) management as it affects ammonia (NH3) emissions to the atmosphere. However, the survey results have much broader applicability. In this paper, the development of the survey and sampling strategy is described along with the results for the three main poultry sectors in Canada: broiler, layer and turkey. Husbandry in each poultry sector is generally uniform, but there were statistically significant regional differences in feeding practices and feed conversion efficiencies, and these imply differences in N excretion rates. Farm size was seldom significant as a covariate, suggesting that both small and large poultry farms have adopted similar husbandry and feeding practices. Key words: Manure, best management practices, emissions, odor
Monthly NH3 emissions from poultry in 12 Ecoregions of Canada
Authors: Sheppard S C , Bittman S. , Tait J.
Published: February 2010

Management of ammonia (NH3) is a multi faceted issue for farmers. It is simultaneously a toxicant that can affect farm worker and animal health, a volatile plant nutrient that is expensive to replace if lost, and a potential contributor to environmental degradation. The environmental implications have important spatial and temporal dimensions, beyond the farm. This paper describes a model developed to estimate NH3 emissions from poultry (broiler, layer and turkey) production in 2780 mapping units across Canada on a monthly time scale. It includes estimates of daily emission peaks within critical months. The results will contribute to estimates of haze and atmospheric aerosol production, as well as contributions to other potential impacts such as eutrophication of sensitive ecosystems. The model is based on a detailed survey of farm practices. Emissions vary strongly throughout the year, and in many regions there are peak emissions in early spring and late fall, associated with landspreading of manure. There are also markedly different nitrogen excretion rates among regions, and these and bird populations are the key factors controlling emissions. On average, 22% of excreted uric acid or ammoniacal N is emitted from barns, 2% from storage and 26% from landspreading, resulting in a total loss of 50%. Key words: Ammonia, PM2.5, acid rain, nitrogen
Effect of body weight on the carcass composition of French Lop rabbits
Authors: Michalik D. , Lewczuk A. , Brzozowski W. , Wawro K.
Published: February 2010

The experiment was performed on 60 male French Lop rabbits reared under extensive conditions and sacrificed at body weights of approximately 3 kg at the age of 150 d (30 animals) and approximately 4.5 kg at the age of 210 d (30 animals). Chilled carcasses without heads were divided into the front, middle and hind sections, which were then dissected to separate lean meat (including intramuscular fat), fat and bones. An increase in the body weight of rabbits at slaughter was accompanied by a decrease, of about 0.60%, in the proportion of the head and giblets (kidneys, liver, heart and lungs) in the carcass, and by an increase in the perirenal fat content from 0.66 to 1.69%. The average carcass dressing percentage of rabbits sacrificed at an average body weight of 3054 g reached 49.13%, and it was 2.49% higher than in rabbits slaughtered at a body weight of 4427 g. The percentage content of the front, middle and hind sections of the carcasses of the lighter rabbits was 38.50, 21.76 and 39.74%, respectively. In the carcasses of the heavier rabbits, the proportion of the front section was 2.29% higher, the proportion the hind section was 2.45% lower, while the proportion of the middle section remained at a similar level as in the lighter rabbits. The carcasses of the lighter rabbits, compared with the carcasses of the heavier rabbits, had a higher percentage content of meat (82.60 vs. 81.15%; P ≤ 0.01) and a lower percentage content of fat (1.78 vs. 4.38%). In addition, rabbits sacrificed at a body weight of approximately 3.0 kg were marked by a higher content of lean meat in the middle and front sections of the carcass (by 1.89 and 3.07%, respectively), and by a slightly lower content of lean meat in the hind section (by 0.85%). Key words: Rabbit, body weight, slaughter quality
Effects of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde on microbial fermentation when added to a barley- or corn-based diet in a continuous-culture system
Authors: Chaves A V , Schei I. , Wang Y. , McAllister T T , Benchaar C.
Published: February 2010

Six dual-flow continuous-culture fermenters (1300 mL) were used to evaluate in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement the effects of carvacrol (CAR) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN) supplementation [0.2 g kg-1 of dietary dry matter (DM)] and the source of grain (barley vs. corn) on microbial fermentation. Inoculum was collected from four ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows fed a mixed diet of 50% forage and 50% concentrate (16.3% crude protein, 33.5% neutral detergent fiber, DM basis). The experimental period consisted of 10 d, with the first 6 d for adaptation to experimental treatments, and 4 d of sample collection. Fermenter pH was lower for corn- than for barley-based diets (6.14 vs. 6.27; P < 0.05). True crude protein (CP) degradation tended (P = 0.10) to be higher for barley- than for corn-based diets (47.0 vs. 41.3%). Neither CAR nor CIN altered fermentation parameters [pH, NH3-N, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, and molar proportions of individual VFA], nutrient digestibility, N metabolism, and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. The results of this study show that at the dosage selected (0.2 g kg-1 of dietary DM), CAR and CIN had no effects on microbial fermentation, feed digestibility, and N metabolism in continuous-culture fermenters fed a barley- or corn-based diet. Key words: Essential oil compound, barley, corn, continuous-culture system
Phenotypic correlations of fatty acid composition among intramuscular, subcutaneous and intermuscular fat tissues in concentrate-fed beef cattle of differing genotypes
Authors: Aldai N. , Dugan M E.R. , Osoro K. , Wang Z. , Crews Jr. D H , Li C.
Published: February 2010

In an attempt to predict intramuscular fatty acid composition using easily accessible fat depots, between-tissue correlations were studied in 75 Asturiana de los Valles bulls with different levels of muscular hypertrophy, and 25 Asturiana de la Montaña bulls. Trans-18:1 in intramuscular fat was highly and positively correlated with levels in subcutaneous and intermuscular fats, while levels of total n-3 were not correlated. Predicting intramuscular fatty acid composition using easily accessible depots is thus possible for some fatty acids exhibiting high between-tissue correlations (e.g., trans-18:1) but breed and tissue specific deposition may limit this for others (e.g., n-3 fatty acids). Key words: Beef, fat tissue, fatty acid, correlation
Clearcut harvesting effects on soil and creek inorganic nitrogen in high elevation forests of southern interior British Columbia
Authors: Hope Graeme D
Published: February 2010

Responses of both soil and stream inorganic nitrogen (N) after operational clearcut harvesting were explored in two high elevation British Columbia Engelmann spruce-Subalpine fir (ESSF) forests. At one study site, net N mineralization was measured between 1 and 11 yr after harvest. At a second site, for 3 yr after harvesting, available soil ammonium and nitrate were measured using ion exchange resins, and drainage losses of N were estimated using tension lysimeters and soil water balance models. Stream water N concentrations were also measured in one unlogged, and two logged watersheds at the second study area for 12 yr, both pre- and post-clearcut harvesting. Growing season as well as over-winter increases in post-harvest soil nitrate were detected after 3 yr, and the increases were apparent for up to 11 yr. Seasonal losses of N in drainage were greater in clearcut soils than in the forest soils in year 2 for ammonium and in years 2 and 3 for nitrate. A high proportion of the N was lost in drainage during snowmelt. Stream water ammonium in all three streams and nitrate in the unlogged and one harvested creek remained at or below the detection level. In the third creek, the frequency of detection and concentrations of nitrate peaked 2 to 3 yr after 30 to 57% of the watershed was harvested. The annual peak in NO3-N concentrations occurred immediately before the snowmelt-driven stream flow peak. Drainage losses and stream N fluxes were both small, relative to the total soil N content. Key words: Nitrogen, N mineralization, nitrate, harvesting, leaching, stream N, snowmelt
A modular terrain model for daily variations in machine-specific forest soil trafficability
Authors: Vega-Nieva Daniel J , Murphy Paul N. C. , Castonguay Mark , Ogilvie Jae , Arp Paul A
Published: February 2010

A modular approach is presented to assess terrain-specific soil trafficability in terms of soil resistance to penetration and machine-specific rut depths. These modules address: (1) soil resistance to cone penetration (cone index, or CI) as affected by soil moisture, texture and pore space (Module 1), (2) machine-induced rut depths (single-pass and multi-cycles) as affected by wheel loads, tire specifications and CI (accounting for depth of compactable soil, Module 2), (3) temporal variations in hydrothermal conditions, CI, and potential rut depths due to daily soil moisture and temperature variations (Module 3), and (4) spatial variations in CI and rut depth across terrain due to corresponding changes in soil moisture, depth of compactable soil, bulk density, texture, frost depth, organic matter and coarse fragments (Module 4). The approach is applied to off-road wood-forwarding operations. Modules 1 and 2 were calibrated to apply to a wide range of soil conditions. Modules 3 and 4 were initialized for a wood-forwarding case study at CFB Gagetown, New Brunswick, Canada. Model results should be most applicable for flat to near-flat terrain, with insignificant wheel obstructions, and no organic matter accumulations on top of the mineral soil. Key words: Forest harvesting, soil penetration resistance, cone index, soil rut depth, soil disturbance, soil trafficability, soil compaction, terrain modelling
Effects of compaction on aeration and morphology of boreal forest soils in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Startsev A D , McNabb D H
Published: February 2010

Poor soil aeration is a factor limiting the productivity of boreal forests in western Canada. Soil compaction reduces air-filled porosity, which is hypothesized to further restrict soil aeration. Soil morphology at nine clearcut sites in west-central Alberta that had been significantly compacted by ground-based harvesting equipment and soil in an adjacent non-trafficked control were related to air-filled porosity and redox regimes. A warm-season air-filled porosity of about 0.1 m3 m-3 separated soils having adequate or restricted aeration, and was confirmed by redox < 200 mV. The values applied to both the undisturbed and compacted soil. Ratios of Feo:Fed and acid-soluble Fe:Mn in concretions were only associated with hydromorphism of undisturbed soil. Compaction reduced soil aeration for 3–4 yr after harvesting, and changed morphology of moderately well-drained soil to imperfectly drained soil at two of four sites; faster removal of water because of slope or vegetation probably prevented changes at the other two sites. Morphology of better and poorer drained soils was not altered by compaction because they either remain adequately aerated or aeration was naturally restricted. Sites with moderately well-drained soils are most at risk of detrimental soil compaction and in need of protective measures to maintain their productivity in these forests. Key words: Soil morphology, drainage class, air-filled porosity, soil aeration, redox potential, boreal forest soils, compaction