bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SURVEYING THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM WITH AN INFRARED SPACE TELESCOPE
Authors: Buie Marc W. , Reitsema Harold J. , Linfield Roger P.
Published: October 2016

We present an analysis of surveying the inner solar system for objects that may pose some threat to Earth. Most of the analysis is based on understanding the capability provided by Sentinel, a concept for an infrared space-based telescope placed in a heliocentric orbit near the distance of Venus. From this analysis, we show that (1) the size range being targeted can affect the survey design, (2) the orbit distribution of the target sample can affect the survey design, (3) minimum observational arc length during the survey is an important metric of survey performance, and (4) surveys must consider objects as small as

m to meet the goal of identifying objects that have the potential to cause damage on Earth in the next 100 yr. Sentinel will be able to find 50% of all impactors larger than 40 m in a 6.5 yr survey. The Sentinel mission concept is shown to be as effective as any survey in finding objects bigger than D = 140 m but is more effective when applied to finding smaller objects on Earth-impacting orbits. Sentinel is also more effective at finding objects of interest for human exploration that benefit from lower propulsion requirements. To explore the interaction between space and ground search programs, we also study a case where Sentinel is combined with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and show the benefit of placing a space-based observatory in an orbit that reduces the overlap in search regions with a ground-based telescope. In this case, Sentinel+LSST can find more than 70% of the impactors larger than 40 m assuming a 6.5 yr lifetime for Sentinel and 10 yr for LSST.
DEEP WIDEBAND SINGLE POINTINGS AND MOSAICS IN RADIO INTERFEROMETRY: HOW ACCURATELY DO WE RECONSTRUCT INTENSITIES AND SPECTRAL INDICES OF FAINT SOURCES?*
Authors: Rau U. , Bhatnagar S. , Owen F. N.
Published: October 2016

Many deep wideband wide-field radio interferometric surveys are being designed to accurately measure intensities, spectral indices, and polarization properties of faint source populations. In this paper, we compare various wideband imaging methods to evaluate the accuracy to which intensities and spectral indices of sources close to the confusion limit can be reconstructed. We simulated a wideband single-pointing (C-array, L-Band (1–2 GHz)) and 46-pointing mosaic (D-array, C-Band (4–8 GHz)) JVLA observation using a realistic brightness distribution ranging from 1 μJy to 100 mJy and time-, frequency-, polarization-, and direction-dependent instrumental effects. The main results from these comparisons are (a) errors in the reconstructed intensities and spectral indices are larger for weaker sources even in the absence of simulated noise, (b) errors are systematically lower for joint reconstruction methods (such as Multi-Term Multi-Frequency-Synthesis (MT-MFS)) along with A-Projection for accurate primary beam correction, and (c) use of MT-MFS for image reconstruction eliminates Clean-bias (which is present otherwise). Auxiliary tests include solutions for deficiencies of data partitioning methods (e.g., the use of masks to remove clean bias and hybrid methods to remove sidelobes from sources left un-deconvolved), the effect of sources not at pixel centers, and the consequences of various other numerical approximations within software implementations. This paper also demonstrates the level of detail at which such simulations must be done in order to reflect reality, enable one to systematically identify specific reasons for every trend that is observed, and to estimate scientifically defensible imaging performance metrics and the associated computational complexity of the algorithms/analysis procedures.
A REVERBERATION-BASED BLACK HOLE MASS FOR MCG-06-30-15
Authors: Bentz Misty C. , Cackett Edward M. , Crenshaw D. Michael , Horne Keith , Street Rachel , Ou-Yang Benjamin
Published: October 2016

We present the results of a reverberation campaign targeting MGC-06-30-15. Spectrophotometric monitoring and broad-band photometric monitoring over the course of four months in spring 2012 allowed a determination of a time delay in the broad Hβ emission line of τ = 5.3 ± 1.8 days in the rest frame of the active galactic nucleus (AGN). Combined with the width of the variable portion of the emission line, we determine a black hole mass of M
BH = (1.6 ± 0.4) × 106
M
⊙. Both the Hβ time delay and the black hole mass are in good agreement with expectations from the R
BLR–L and M
BH–σ
⋆ relationships for other reverberation-mapped AGNs. The Hβ time delay is also in good agreement with the relationship between Hβ and broad-band near-IR delays, in which the effective size of the broad-line region is ∼4–5 times smaller than the inner edge of the dust torus. Additionally, the reverberation-based mass is in good agreement with estimates from the scaling relationship of the break in the X-ray power spectral density, and with constraints based on stellar kinematics derived from integral field spectroscopy of the inner ∼0.5 kpc of the galaxy.
AFTER THE INTERACTION: AN EFFICIENTLY STAR-FORMING MOLECULAR DISK IN NGC 5195
Authors: Alatalo Katherine , Aladro Rebeca , Nyland Kristina , Aalto Susanne , Bitsakis Theodoros , Gallagher John S. , Lanz Lauranne
Published: October 2016

We present new molecular gas maps of NGC 5195 (alternatively known as M51b) from the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy, including 12CO(1–0), 13CO(1–0), CN(1

–

), CS(2–1), and 3 mm continuum. We also detected HCN(1–0) and HCO+(1–0) using the Onsala Space Observatory. NGC 5195 has a 12CO/13CO ratio (

 = 11.4 ± 0.5) consistent with normal star-forming galaxies. The CN(1–0) intensity is higher than is seen in an average star-forming galaxy, possibly enhanced in the diffuse gas in photo-dissociation regions. Stellar template fitting of the nuclear spectrum of NGC 5195 shows two stellar populations: an 80% mass fraction of old (≳10 Gyr) and a 20% mass fraction of intermediate-aged (≈1 Gyr) stellar populations. This provides a constraint on the timescale over which NGC 5195 experienced enhanced star formation during its interaction with M51a. The average molecular gas depletion timescale in NGC 5195 is

 = 3.08 Gyr, a factor of

larger than the depletion timescales in nearby star-forming galaxies, but consistent with the depletion seen in CO-detected early-type galaxies. While radio continuum emission at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths is present in the vicinity of the nucleus of NGC 5195, we find it is most likely associated with nuclear star formation rather than radio-loud AGN activity. Thus, despite having a substantial interaction with M51a ∼1/2 Gyr ago, the molecular gas in NGC 5195 has resettled and is currently forming stars at an efficiency consistent with settled early-type galaxies.
FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF BLUE STRAGGLERS IN 47 TUCANAE
Authors: Parada Javiera , Richer Harvey , Heyl Jeremy , Kalirai Jason , Goldsbury Ryan
Published: October 2016

Blue stragglers (BSS) are stars whose position in the color–magnitude diagram (CMD) places them above the main sequence (MS) turn-off (TO) point of a star cluster. Using data from the core of 47 Tuc in the ultraviolet (UV), we have identified various stellar populations in the CMD, and used their radial distributions to study the evolution and origin of BSS, and obtain a dynamical estimate of the mass of BSS systems. When we separate the BSS into two samples by their magnitude, we find that the bright BSS show a much more centrally concentrated radial distribution and thus higher mass estimate (over twice the TO mass for these BSS systems), suggesting an origin involving triple or multiple stellar systems. In contrast, the faint BSS are less concentrated, with a radial distribution similar to the MS binaries, pointing to the MS binaries as the likely progenitors of these BSS. Putting our data together with available photometric data in the visible and using MESA evolutionary models, we calculate the expected number of stars in each evolutionary stage for the normal evolution of stars and the number of stars coming from the evolution of BSS. The results indicate that BSS have a post-MS evolution comparable to that of a normal star of the same mass and a MS BSS lifetime of about 200–300 Myr. We also find that the excess population of asymptotic giant branch stars in 47 Tuc is due to evolved BSS.
LONG-TERM TREND OF SUNSPOT NUMBERS
Authors: Gao P. X.
Published: October 2016

Using the Hilbert–Huang Transform method, we investigate the long-term trend of yearly mean total sunspot numbers in the time interval of 1700–2015, which come from the World Data Center—the sunspot Index and long-term solar observations. The main findings of this study are summarized below. (1) From the adaptive trend, which is extracted from the yearly mean total sunspot numbers, we can find that the value gradually increases during the time period 1700–1975, then decreases gradually from 1975 to 2015. (2) The Centennial Gleissberg Cycle is extracted from the yearly mean total sunspot numbers and confirms that a new grand minimum is in progress; the Dalton Minimum, the Gleissberg Minimum, and low level of solar activity during solar cycle 24 (the part of the new grand minimum) all can be understood as minima of the Centennial Gleissberg Cycle. (3) Based on the adaptive (overall) trend, and the 100-year and longer timescale trend of yearly mean total sunspot numbers, we can infer that the level of solar activity during the new grand minimum may be close to that during the Gleissberg Minimum, slightly higher than that during the Dalton Minimum, and significantly higher than that during the Maunder Minimum. Our results do not support the suggestion that a new grand minimum, somewhat resembling the Maunder Minimum, is in progress.
THE PRIMORDIAL DEUTERIUM ABUNDANCE OF THE MOST METAL-POOR DAMPED Lyα SYSTEM∗
Authors: Cooke Ryan J. , Pettini Max , Nollett Kenneth M. , Jorgenson Regina
Published: October 2016

We report the discovery and analysis of the most metal-poor damped Lyα (DLA) system currently known, which also displays the Lyman series absorption lines of neutral deuterium. The average [O/H] abundance of this system is [O/H] = −2.804 ± 0.015, which includes an absorption component with [O/H] = −3.07 ± 0.03. Despite the unfortunate blending of many weak D i absorption lines, we report a precise measurement of the deuterium abundance of this system. Using the six highest-quality and self-consistently analyzed measures of D/H in DLAs, we report tentative evidence for a subtle decrease of D/H with increasing metallicity. This trend must be confirmed with future high-precision D/H measurements spanning a range of metallicity. A weighted mean of these six independent measures provides our best estimate of the primordial abundance of deuterium, 105 (D/H)P = 2.547 ± 0.033 (

). We perform a series of detailed Monte Carlo calculations of Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) that incorporate the latest determinations of several key nuclear reaction cross-sections, and propagate their associated uncertainty. Combining our measurement of (D/H)P with these BBN calculations yields an estimate of the cosmic baryon density, 100 ΩB,0
h
2(BBN) = 2.156 ± 0.020, if we adopt the most recent theoretical determination of the

reaction rate. This measure of ΩB,0
h
2 differs by ∼2.3σ from the Standard Model value estimated from the Planck observations of the cosmic microwave background. Using instead a

reaction rate that is based on the best available experimental cross-section data, we estimate 100 ΩB,0
h
2(BBN) = 2.260 ± 0.034, which is in somewhat better agreement with the Planck value. Forthcoming measurements of the crucial

cross-section may shed further light on this discrepancy.
THE IMPACT EJECTA ENVIRONMENT OF NEAR EARTH ASTEROIDS
Authors: Szalay Jamey R. , Horányi Mihály
Published: October 2016

Impact ejecta production is a ubiquitous process that occurs on all airless bodies throughout the solar system. Unlike the Moon, which retains a large fraction of its ejecta, asteroids primarily shed their ejecta into the interplanetary dust population. These grains carry valuable information about the chemical compositions of their parent bodies that can be measured via in situ dust detection. Here, we use recent Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer/Lunar Dust Experiment measurements of the lunar dust cloud to calculate the dust ejecta distribution for any airless body near 1 au. We expect this dust distribution to be highly asymmetric, due to non-isotropic impacting fluxes. We predict that flybys near these asteroids would collect many times more dust impacts by transiting the apex side of the body compared to its anti-apex side. While these results are valid for bodies at 1 au, they can be used to qualitatively infer the ejecta environment for all solar-orbiting airless bodies.
Éditorial
Authors: Point Sébastien , Le Flanchec Alice , Scouarnec Aline
Published: October 2016

Le débat traditionnel concernant l’arbitrage auquel est confrontée la recherche en management entre pertinence et rigueur n’épargne pas la GRH. L’ouvrage de Gibbons en a toutefois renouvelé les termes en décrivant deux régimes de production des savoirs (M1K et M2K) qui permettent de mieux cerner les caractéristiques principales de ce que certains appellent également la « science académique » versus la « science post académique ». Nous examinons, pour la GRH, chacune des caractéristiques de ces deux régimes (notamment en analysant les 106 articles du précédent congrès de l’AGRH à Montpellier) avant de proposer un pont entre les deux, la contextualisation.
L’improvisation en tant que situation managériale ? Comment évolue-t-elle durant la vie d’un projet ?
Authors: Vignikin Aristide , Leroy Daniel , Chédotel Frédérique
Published: October 2016

Dans cette étude empirique, nous nous intéressons aux concepts de « situation » et d’« improvisation » avec pour objectif de les relier dans le cadre d’un projet. Considérant que la pensée managériale se construit dans l’action, en se basant sur des travaux (Suchman, 1987 ; de Fornel et Quéré, 1999), cette recherche se fonde sur une représentation contextuelle de l’action basée sur des théories interactionnistes d’origine psychosociologique. Le premier concept, celui de « situation », semble souffrir cruellement d’une théorisation et le second, celui d’« improvisation », émerge progressivement d’une littérature qui se construit et qui suscite un intérêt croissant dans la communauté managériale à en croire les numéros spéciaux de revues académiques qui y sont consacrés. Cette étude ambitionne d’identifier et de caractériser les situations de management de projet se déroulant dans un contexte favorable à une improvisation et les différents degrés d’improvisation durant la vie du projet. À l’aide d’une démarche quantitative, elle met en évidence différentes situations « improvisationnelles » et l’existence de degrés d’improvisation spécifiques à chaque phase d’un projet. Les données utilisées pour valider ces relations théoriques proviennent d’une base significative (4200 situations vécues par près de 500 différents acteurs projet conçue dans le cadre d’un projet international de recherche).
Patient Satisfaction Is Associated With Time With Provider But Not Clinic Wait Time Among Orthopedic Patients
Authors: Patterson Brendan M. , Eskildsen Scott M. , Clement R. Carter , Lin Feng-Chang , Olcott Christopher W. , Del Gaizo Daniel J. , Tennant Joshua N.
Published: October 2016

Clinic wait time is considered an important predictor of patient satisfaction. The goal of this study was to determine whether patient satisfaction among orthopedic patients is associated with clinic wait time and time with the provider. The authors prospectively enrolled 182 patients at their outpatient orthopedic clinic. Clinic wait time was defined as the time between patient check-in and being seen by the surgeon. Time spent with the provider was defined as the total time the patient spent in the examination room with the surgeon. The Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey was used to measure patient satisfaction. Factors associated with increased patient satisfaction included patient age and increased time with the surgeon (
P
=.024 and
P
=.037, respectively), but not clinic wait time (
P
=.625). Perceived wait time was subject to a high level of error, and most patients did not accurately report whether they had been waiting longer than 15 minutes to see a provider until they had waited at least 60 minutes (
P
=.007). If the results of the current study are generalizable, time with the surgeon is associated with patient satisfaction in orthopedic clinics, but wait time is not. Further, the study findings showed that patients in this setting did not have an accurate perception of actual wait time, with many patients underestimating the time they waited to see a provider. Thus, a potential strategy for improving patient satisfaction is to spend more time with each patient, even at the expense of increased wait time. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(1):43–48.]
Knowledge of man about breastfeeding
Authors: Azevedo Sâmia Jamylle Santos de , Santos Flávia Andrea Pereira Soares dos , Vieira Caroline Evelin Nascimento Kluczynik , Mariz Larissa Soares , Silva Aylla Nauanna da , Enders Bertha Cruz
Published: October 2016

The male participation in the process of breastfeeding needs to be encouraged as it can contribute significantly to the prevention of early weaning. In this sense, this research aimed to identify a parent's knowledge about breastfeeding. This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, performed in the Family Health Strategy in Bom Jesus, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured interview with the guiding question: what is your understanding of breastfeeding? The population was 15 men with aged over 18 years old and preserved mental faculties, who lived with his wife and the child under one year of age and performed development and growth consultations in the Family Health Strategy. The interviews were conducted in place previously defined parent. The information was organized as content analysis Bardin, giving rise to two categories and analyzed according to the symbolic interacionism. It was observed that parents of participating antenatal clinics have more knowledge about it and recognize the benefits of breastfeeding in this way can encourage their wives in order to exclusive breastfeeding.
Loss of Neurokinin-1 Receptor Alters Ocular Surface Homeostasis and Promotes an Early Development of Herpes Stromal Keratitis
Authors: Gaddipati Subhash , Rao Pushpa , Jerome Andrew David , Burugula Bala Bharathi , Gerard Norma P. , Suvas Susmit
Published: October 2016

Substance P neuropeptide and its receptor, neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), are reported to present on the ocular surface. In this study, mice lacking functional NK1R exhibited an excessive desquamation of apical corneal epithelial cells in association with an increased epithelial cell proliferation and increased epithelial cell density, but decreased epithelial cell size. The lack of NK1R also resulted in decreased density of corneal nerves, corneal epithelial dendritic cells (DCs), and a reduced volume of basal tears. Interestingly, massive accumulation of CD11c+CD11b+ conventional DCs was noted in the bulbar conjunctiva and near the limbal area of corneas from NK1R−/− mice. After ocular HSV-1 infection, the number of conventional DCs and neutrophils infiltrating the infected corneas was significantly higher in NK1R−/− than C57BL/6J mice. This was associated with an increased viral load in infected corneas of NK1R−/− mice. As a result, the number of IFN-γ–secreting virus-specific CD4 T cells in the draining lymph nodes of NK1R−/− mice was much higher than in infected C57BL/6J mice. An increased number of CD4 T cells and mature neutrophils (CD11b+Ly6ghigh) in the inflamed corneas of NK1R−/− mice was associated with an early development of severe herpes stromal keratitis. Collectively, our results show that the altered corneal biology of uninfected NK1R−/− mice along with an enhanced immunological response after ocular HSV-1 infection causes an early development of herpes stromal keratitis in NK1R−/− mice.
Shelf life evaluation of ricotta fresca sheep cheese in modified atmosphere packaging
Authors: Pala Carlo , Scarano Christian , Venusti Massimiliano , Sardo Daniela , Casti Daniele , Cossu Francesca , Lamon Sonia , Spanu Vincenzo , Ibba Michela , Marras Michela , Paba Antonio , Spanu Carlo , De Santis Enrico Pietro Luigi
Published: October 2016

Ricotta fresca cheese is the product of Sardinian dairy industry most exposed to microbial post-process contamination. Due to its technological characteristics, intrinsic parameters, pH (6.10-6.80) and water activity (0.974-0.991), it represents an excellent substrate for the growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, which are usually resident in cheese-making plants environments. Generally, ricotta fresca has a shelf life of 5-7 days. For this reason, at industrial level, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is used to extend the durability of the product. However, few investigations have been conducted to validate the use of MAP in ricotta fresca. The aim of this work is to evaluate the shelf life of ricotta fresca under MAP. A total of 108 samples were collected from three Sardinian industrial cheese-making plants and analysed within 24 h after packaging and after 7, 14 and 21 days of refrigerated storage. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria, mesophilic and thermophilic cocci and lactobacilli, Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli, L. monocytogenes, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus cereus, yeasts and moulds, and the chemicalphysical parameters and composition of the product were determined. At the end of the shelf life, Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae reached high concentrations, 5 to 7 and 3 to 6 log10 colony forming unit g–1, respectively. The presence of environmental contaminants indicates that the use of MAP without the appropriate implementation of prerequisite programmes is not sufficient to extend the durability of ricotta fresca. Gas mixture and packaging material should be selected only on the basis of scientific evidence of their effectiveness.
Evaluation of hygienic quality and labelling of fish distributed in public canteens of Northeast Italy
Authors: Armani Mariachiara , Civettini Michele , Conedera Gabriella , Favretti Michela , Lombardo Dorotea , Lucchini Rosaria , Paternolli Sabrina , Pezzuto Alessandra , Rabini Michela , Arcangeli Giuseppe
Published: October 2016

Over the past few years, the demand for the introduction of fish products in public canteens (schools, hospitals and nursing-homes) has grown due to their good nutritional proprieties. The particular health conditions and sensitivity of some groups of consumers exposes them to greater risks of food poisoning. It is therefore important to monitor the raw materials that end up in mass catering implementing strategies of mass catering control, both with self-monitoring strategies and with regular controls performed by the competent health authorities. The purpose of this study is to assess the overall quality of seafood dealt out from public catering services located in Northeast Italy. In this paper we illustrate the results of microbiological analysis performed on 135 fish samples (58% of samples were raw fishes, 27% cooked fishes, 6% raw fish products, 9% cooked fish products) and species identification performed on 102 fish samples. Additionally, 135 environmental swabs were collected to determine the effectiveness of cleaning and sanitation of food contact (cutting boards, cooking equipment and food processing surfaces) and non-contact (refrigerator wall and handle, tap lever) surfaces. Of raw seafood samples 24% had total aerobic mesophilic bacteria count >105 CFU/g and for Enterobacteriaceae the faecal contamination was excluded since no Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli were isolated. Just 3.8% of raw seafood samples resulted positive for Listeria monocytogenes. The results of swab samples of cooking utensils and surfaces showed that sanitation practices should be improved. Molecular analysis for fish species identification revealed a mislabelling for 25% of sampled fishes. The results of this survey can provide valuable information for monitoring and surveillance programmes for the control of quality of fish and fish products.
Thymus vulgaris (red thyme) and Caryophyllus aromaticus (clove) essential oils to control spoilage microorganisms in pork under modified atmosphere
Authors: D'Amato Serena , Mazzarrino Giovanni , Rossi Chiara , Serio Annalisa , Chaves López Clemencia , Celano Gaetano Vitale , Paparella Antonello
Published: October 2016

In recent years, it has been confirmed that essential oils (EOs) exert antimicrobial activity as they are able to inhibit cell growth and inactivate microbial cells. The application of biopreservation strategies by means of EOs opens up interesting perspectives in the food industry, including meat production. The paper aims to evaluate the effects of Thymus vulgaris (red thyme) and Caryophyllus aromaticus (cloves) EOs on the development of the spoilage population of fresh pork packaged under modified atmosphere (MAP). In particular, the research was focused on Brochothrix thermosphacta, a specific spoilage microorganism of fresh meat packed in anaerobic conditions or under MAP. Amongst seven EOs, those that showed the highest antimicrobial activity on 5 B. thermosphacta strains in vitro were: cloves [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.6-2.5 mg/mL], savory (MIC 2.5-5.0 mg/mL), and red thyme (MIC 2.5 to 20 mg/mL). Red thyme and cloves EOs were selected for meat treatment, by increasing the dose at 20 and 40 mg/mL respectively, to take into account the matrix effect that can reduce EO availability. In spite of the minor efficacy observed in vitro, 40 mg/mL red thyme EO strongly limited the growth of B. thermosphacta in pork samples up to day 6 of storage [below 3.0 Log colony forming unit (CFU)/g, starting from 2.0 Log CFU/g at time 0], and exerted an antimicrobial effect also on the aerobic mesophilic count. Good results were obtained also with 20 mg/mL red thyme EO. The control of B. thermosphacta growth through EOs encourages research on alternative methods for extending the shelf life of fresh meat under MAP.
Amiata donkey milk chain: animal health evaluation and milk quality
Authors: Ragona Giuseppe , Corrias Franco , Benedetti Martina , Paladini Ilaria , Salari Federica , Altomonte Iolanda , Martini Mina
Published: October 2016

This study presents an investigation of Amiata donkey health and quality of milk for human consumption. Thirty-one lactating dairy jennies were examined. The following samples were collected: faecal samples from the rectum of animals for parasitological examination; cervical swabs for the detection of bacteria causing reproductive disorders; and blood samples for serological diagnosis of main zoonotic (Brucella spp., Leptospira spp.) and donkey abortion agents (Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., Salmonella abortus equi, Equine viral arterithis virus, Equine herpesvirus type 1). In addition, individual milk samples were collected and analysed for mastitis- causing pathogens and milk quality. Regarding animal health, we detected a high prevalence of strongyle parasites in donkeys. It is very important to tackle parasitic diseases correctly. Selective control programmes are preferable in order to reduce anthelmintic drug use. For dairy donkeys, withdrawal periods from anthelmintic drugs need to be carefully managed, in accordance with EU and national regulations. The isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in milk highlights the importance of preventing contamination during milking, by adopting appropriate hygiene and safety practices at a farm level. Lysozyme activity was high compared to cow’s milk, contributing to the inhibitory activity against certain bacteria. Donkey milk was characterised by high lactose content, low caseins, low fat, higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids compared to ruminant milks. Unsaturated fatty acids and omega 3 fatty acids in particular have become known for their beneficial health effect, which is favourable for human diet. These characteristics make it suitable for infants and children affected by food intolerance/ allergies to bovine milk proteins and multiple food allergies as well as for adults with dyslipidemias. It is also recommended to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Thermal inactivation and growth potential of Listeria monocytogenes in smoked tench
Authors: Branciari Raffaella , Valiani Andrea , Franceschini Raffaella , Ranucci David , Lupattelli Alessia , Urbani Eleonora , Ortenzi Roberta
Published: October 2016

An experimental study for the evaluation of Listeria monocytogenes inactivation during a hot smoking process in tench was performed using Listeria innocua strains. Furthermore, the survival of L. monocytogenes in smoked tench was determined after post-processing in contaminated samples, evaluating the growth potential during storage. L. innocua was not detected after the smoking process. In the challenge test, the growth potential of L. monocytogenes was 5.68 log colony forming unit g−1. The results showed that hot smoking at an inner temperature around 72°C is able to eliminate the microorganism. Nevertheless, the product is able to support the growth of the pathogen if post-process contamination occurs, as the food is suitable for Listeria multiplication. Product recontamination should be prevented by means of appropriate application of hygiene measures.
26th National Congress of the Italian Association of Veterinary Food Hygienists | Isola di Salina (ME), 14-16 September 2016
Authors: Civera Tiziana , De Santis Enrico Pietro Luigi , Giuffrida Alessandro , Tantillo Giuseppina Marilia
Published: October 2016

This abstract book contains the abstracts presented at the 26th National Congress of the Italian Association of Veterinary Food Hygienists | Isola di Salina (ME), Italy, 14-16 September 2016.
Cerebral Paragonimiasis Presenting with Sudden Death
Authors: Amaro Deirdre E. , Cowell Annie , Tuohy Marion J. , Procop Gary W. , Morhaime Jacquelyn , Reed Sharon L.
Published: October 2016

A 58-year-old Korean-born woman with a history of seizures and psychiatric issues was found dead at home. Autopsy was notable for large, calcified nodules that had nearly replaced her right temporal lobe. Histologic examination revealed the presence of Paragonimus eggs. This case demonstrates a rare manifestation of an aberrantly migrated lung fluke that resulted in epilepsy and sudden death years after the initial infection.
Prevention of Early Mortality by Presumptive Tuberculosis Therapy Study: An Open Label, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Manabe Yukari C. , Worodria William , van Leth Frank , Mayanja-Kizza Harriet , Traore Afsatou Ndama , Ferro Josefo , Pakker Nadine , Frank Matthias , Grobusch Martin P. , Colebunders Robert , Cobelens Frank
Published: October 2016

Early mortality after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) occurs in 9–39% of patients in sub-Saharan Africa. A significant proportion of deaths are attributable to tuberculosis (TB). Low baseline CD4 T-cell count and low body mass index (BMI) are strongly associated with early mortality. We hypothesized that initiation of ART concurrent with presumptive anti-TB chemotherapy in high-risk patients would reduce mortality within the first 6 months by treating unrecognized TB. From October 2011 to December 2012, ART-naive, smear-negative participants with a CD4 T-cell count < 50 cells/μL and BMI < 18 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to undergo either empiric four-drug anti-TB treatment followed 2 weeks later by efavirenz-based ART (N = 23) (ART + TB) or ART only (N = 20). This open-label, 1:1 randomized, controlled trial took place in Uganda, Mozambique, and Gabon and was stopped prematurely by the sponsor for slow recruitment. Overall, the 43 participants had a median CD4 of 22 (interquartile range [IQR]: 9–35) cells/μL and a median BMI of 17.5 (IQR: 16.6–18.0) kg/m2. The mortality was 14% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.3–27.9); two (10.0%) participants (ART-only group), and four (17.4%; ART + TB group). The associated hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was 1.6 (95% CI: 0.30–8.90). Despite limited enrollment, the study did not suggest that empiric TB treatment in severely immunosuppressed patients with low BMI decreased mortality and, had an HR in the opposite direction than expected. Notably, two participants in the ART + TB group died with autopsy-confirmed drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Improved TB diagnostics sensitive in immunosuppressed patients presenting late to care are urgently needed for more targeted interventions.
Imported Disease Screening Prior to Chemotherapy and Bone Marrow Transplantation for Oncohematological Malignancies
Authors: Sánchez-Montalvá Adrián , Salvador Fernando , Ruiz-Camps Isabel , Barba Pere , Valcárcel David , Sulleiro Elena , Sanz-García Enrique , Molina Israel
Published: October 2016

Reactivation of latent imported infections has been periodically reported in migrant patients undergoing immunosuppression. We performed a prospective study at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (Barcelona, Spain). Migrant patients over 16 years with the diagnosis of any oncohematologic disease were included. Patients were tested for soil-transmitted helminths, hepatitis virus, and human immunodeficiency virus, Treponema pallidum, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, latent tuberculosis infection, Toxoplasma spp., Plasmodium infection, Schistosoma spp., Trypanosoma cruzi infection, Leishmania spp., and dimorphic fungi. Patients were treated and followed for 1 year to assess reactivation. A total of 42 patients were included in this study. Median age was 39 (31–51) years. Twenty-five (59.5%) patients were women. More than half of the patients were of Latin American origin. Sixteen patients (38.1%) underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Of the patients, 71.4% had at least one imported infection. Patients with at least one positive result in the screening did not show any statistically significant association with the studied variables. We did not find any reactivation of the treated latent infections. After specific treatment we did not observe any reactivation. Screening of latent imported infections previous to an immunosuppressive treatment is easy to perform and it may be lifesaving.
Respostas fisiológicas de plantas jovens de macaúba a condições de seca cíclica
Authors: Mota Clenilso Sehnen , Oliva Cano Marco Antonio
Published: October 2016

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os impactos de três ciclos de seca/ reirrigação sobre os rendimentos quânticos da fluorescência da clorofila a, acúmulo de prolina e ajustamento osmótico. Dez plantas cultivadas em vasos com capacidade de 150 L de solo foram submetidas a três ciclos sucessivos de seca/reirrigação (S/R) e outras dez foram mantidas irrigadas em capacidade de campo. Os ciclos S/R não promoveram ajustamento osmótico nas plantas mantidas com suspensão da irrigação (CSI), apesar do acúmulo de prolina. A fluorescência mínima adaptada ao escuro aumentou e a eficiência quântica máxima do PSII teve redução nas plantas CSI. O rendimento quântico de conversão de energia fotoquímica do fotossistema II (PSII) e a taxa aparente de transporte de elétrons apresentaram redução, enquanto o rendimento quântico de dissipação regulada de energia não fotoquímica no PSII apresentou aumento nas plantas do grupo CSI em relação às plantas sem suspensão da irrigação (SSI). O rendimento quântico de dissipação não regulada de energia não fotoquímica do PSII e os teores de clorofilas e carotenoides não apresentaram alterações entre as plantas CSI e SSI ao longo dos ciclos S/R. Observa-se, assim, que a macaúba apresenta um eficiente mecanismo de dissipação de energia não fotoquímica.
Uso de biofertilizantes à base de aminoácidos na produção de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii
Authors: Rickli de Souza Louíse , Bandeira Peres Fabiana Schmidt
Published: October 2016

A produção de mudas florestais em quantidade e qualidade é uma das fases mais importantes para o estabelecimento de povoamentos florestais mais uniformes e produtivos. A maior sobrevivência e desenvolvimento das plantas após o plantio é dependente, dentre outros fatores, de um bom estado nutricional das mudas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial de utilização de dois biofertilizantes à base de aminoácidos como agentes promotores de crescimento inicial de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden, denominados respectivamente como “BIO 1” e “BIO 2”. O experimento foi conduzido em viveiro comercial no município de Imbituva, PR. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e 4 repetições, contendo 50 mudas por repetição. As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura da planta, diâmetro do coleto, peso de matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea e raízes, comprimento de raízes e índice de qualidade de Dickson. Houve respostas positivas pela aplicação dos biofertilizantes para todas as variáveis estudadas, destacando-se a aplicação do BIO 2.
In vitro seed germination and multiplication of Calophyllum brasiliense
Authors: Silveira Sheila Susy , Degenhardt-Goldbach Juliana , Quoirin Marguerite Germaine Ghislaine
Published: October 2016

Calophyllum brasiliense is a tree species with limited natural reproduction. In vitro germination may be an alternative for obtaining high-quality seedlings. Seeds were maintained in water before surface disinfestation and compared with control seeds (i.e. not immersed), without differences between treatments. HgCl2 used during surface-disinfestation reduced contamination rates of cultures. Fungal contamination was reduced with fungicide added to culture medium (23 to 6.4%), although bacterial contamination increased (24 to 36%). In another experiment, seeds were immersed in plant preservative mixture (PPM™) prior to surface disinfestation. By combining immersion for 48 h and 2 mL L-1 in culture medium, contamination was only 6%. Seeds immersion in GA3 prior to surface disinfestation reduced root formation as concentration increased. Germination rate and GSI were reduced, respectively, from 72% and 0.129 (24 h) to 60% and 0.092 (48 h) according to exposure time to GA3. After 90 days in multiplication medium containing benzylaminopurine, average number of shoots per nodal segment was 3.4. In conclusion, in vitro germination of C. brasiliense seeds is feasible in sucrose-free WPM medium and reaches a high contamination-free rate (up to 93.3%).
Recipiente de fibras de Attalea funifera para produção de mudas de eucalipto
Authors: Mendonça Andrea Vita Reis , Ribeiro Lucas Gonçalves , Assunção José Roque Azevedo , Freitas Teresa Aparecida Soares de , Souza Josival Santos
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade técnica do uso de recipientes biodegradáveis, feitos de resíduos de fibras de Attalea funifera Martius, na produção de mudas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em três fases: confecção dos recipientes biodegradáveis, produção de mudas e simulação em campo. O experimento da fase de produção de mudas foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com dois tratamentos (tubete de polietileno e recipiente biodegradável), 10 repetições com 64 plântulas por repetição. Após 93 dias, as mudas foram avaliadas por meio de variáveis indicadoras de qualidade. O experimento para simular o crescimento inicial em campo consistiu no plantio de mudas em recipientes de 11 L, realizado em DIC com três tratamentos: mudas produzidas em tubetes de polietileno; mudas produzidas em recipientes biodegradáveis, sem a remoção do recipiente durante o plantio; e mudas produzidas em recipientes biodegradáveis, com a remoção do recipiente durante o plantio, com dez repetições para cada tratamento, com uma muda por repetição. Os recipientes biodegradáveis resistiram ao ciclo de produção, resultando em mudas com padrões de qualidade aceitáveis. A utilização do recipiente biodegradável, feito de fibras de piaçava, dispensou a remoção deste no plantio definitivo.
Sample size for monitoring sirex populations and their natural enemies
Authors: Penteado Susete Do Rocio Chiarello , Oliveira Edilson Batista de , Iede Edson Tadeu
Published: October 2016

The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) was introduced in Brazil in 1988 and became the main pest in pine plantations. It has spread to about 1.000.000 ha, at different population levels, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo and Minas Gerais. Control is done mainly by using a nematode, Deladenus siricidicola Bedding (Nematoda: Neothylenchidae). The evaluation of the efficiency of natural enemies has been difficult because there are no appropriate sampling systems. This study tested a hierarchical sampling system to define the sample size to monitor the S. noctilio population and the efficiency of their natural enemies, which was found to be perfectly adequate.
Estratégias fenológicas de Byrsonima basiloba em Rio Verde, Goiás, Brasil
Authors: Silva Patrícia Oliveira da , Balestra Cristiane Libindo , Soares Michellia Pereira , Menino Gisele Cristina de Oliveira
Published: October 2016

Os estudos do gênero Byrsonima referente a fenologia envolvem apenas Byrsonima crassifolia, B. coccolobifolia, B. sericea e B. cripa. Dessa forma, este estudo descreve pela primeira vez a fenologia de B. basiloba. Para tanto, marcou-se 15 indivíduos para serem observadas mensalmente as fenofases reprodutivas e vegetativas. Para a coleta e análise dos dados utilizou-se o percentual de Fournier e a porcentagem de indivíduos, posteriormente os dados foram correlacionados aos fatores climáticos. B. basiloba floresceu na época chuvosa e de maneira sincrônica, se correlacionando com a pluviosidade e umidade. A frutificação ocorreu na transição do período seco para o chuvoso também de maneira sincrônica e correlacionada com a temperatura. Observou-se a maturação dos frutos principalmente na seca. A senescência foi registrada principalmente na seca, correlacionando-se com a precipitação. O enfolhamento ocorreu na transição do período seco para o chuvoso resultando na correlação com a pluviosidade e temperatura. A folhagem adulta esteve presente durante todo o estudo e se correlacionou com a precipitação e umidade. A espécie estudada apresenta comportamento reprodutivo distinto das espécies do mesmo gênero, mas semelhantes a outras espécies do Cerrado, os aspectos vegetativos são comuns entre o gênero Byrsonima.
Complejo funerario en Munich-Riem. Alemania
Authors: Meck architekten Arquitectos
Published: October 2016

Las tumbas fl otan como islas ligeramente elevadas en el paisaje circundante. Plantaciones de árboles de diferentes variedades de especies autóctonas tales como, abedul y pino, roble y carpe, cerezo y manzano, otorgan al cementerio un carácter especial. En el interior, las tumbas están encerradas entre secas paredes que sólo permiten una visión lejana. A las tumbas integradas en la pradera se llega por caminos angostos. La ruta funeraria conecta las islas entre sí, con el tanatorio y con la parte vieja del cementerio. Las curvas cerradas en las rutas de acceso se acentúan con elementos de agua. Visto desde fuera, el cementerio tiene un aspecto similar a un parque, el paisaje abarca desde las islas con praderas de fl ores y árboles frutales individuales hasta senderos y rutas para bicicletas que conducen más allá de los límites. Enmarcado por una bóveda de limoneros, el tanatorio se interpone entre la parte nueva y vieja del cementerio.
Field observations of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) exchange in red oaks
Authors: Cappellin Luca , Algarra Alarcon Alberto , Herdlinger-Blatt Irina , Biasioli Franco , Martin Scot , Loreto Francesco , McKinney Karena
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by forests strongly affect the chemical composition of the atmosphere. While the emission of isoprenoids has been largely characterized, forests also exchange many oxygenated VOCs (oVOCs), including methanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and acetaldehyde, which are less well understood. We monitored total branch-level exchange of VOCs of a strong isoprene emitter (Quercus rubra L.) in a mixed forest in New England, where canopy-level fluxes of VOCs had been previously measured. We report daily exchange of several oVOCs and investigated unknown sources and sinks, finding several novel insights. In particular, we found that emission of MEK is linked to uptake of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), a product of isoprene oxidation. The link was confirmed by corollary experiments proving in vivo detoxification of MVK, which is harmful to plants. Comparison of MEK, MVK and isoprene fluxes provided an indirect indication of within-plant isoprene oxidation. Furthermore, besides confirming bidirectional exchange of acetaldehyde, we also report for the first time direct evidence of benzaldehyde bidirectional exchange in forest plants. Net emission or deposition of benzaldehyde was found in different periods of measurements, indicating an unknown foliar sink that may influence atmospheric concentrations. Other VOCs, including methanol, acetone and monoterpenes, showed clear daily emission trends, but no deposition. Measured VOC emission and deposition rates were generally consistent with their ecosystem-scale flux measurements at a nearby site.
Parameterizing the instrumental spectral response function and its changes by a Super-Gaussian and its derivatives
Authors: Beirle Steffen , Lampel Johannes , Lerot Christophe , Sihler Holger , Wagner Thomas
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The instrumental spectral response function (ISRF) is a key quantity in DOAS analysis, as it is needed for wavelength calibration and for the convolution of trace gas cross-sections to instrumental resolution. While it can generally be measured using monochromatic stimuli, it is often parameterized in order to merge different calibration measurements and to plainly account for its wavelength dependency. For some instruments, the ISRF can be described appropriately by a Gaussian function, while for others, dedicated, complex parameterizations with several parameters have been developed. Here we propose to parameterize the ISRF as a "Super Gaussian", which can reproduce a variety of shapes, from point-hat to boxcar shape, by just adding one parameter to the "classical" Gaussian. The Super Gaussian turned out to describe the ISRF of various DOAS instruments well, including the satellite instruments GOME-2, OMI, and TROPOMI. In addition, the Super Gaussian allows for a straightforward parametrization of the effect of ISRF changes, which can occur on long-term scales as well as e.g.~during one satellite orbit, and impair the spectral analysis if ignored. In order to account for such changes, spectral structures are derived from the derivatives of the Super Gaussian, which are afterwards just scaled during spectral calibration or DOAS analysis. This approach significantly improves the fit quality compared to setups with fixed ISRF, without drawbacks on computation time due to the applied linearization. In addition, the wavelength dependency of the ISRF can be accounted for by accordingly derived spectral structures in an easy, fast, and robust way.