bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OFICINA LITERÁRIA “MINHA TROVA”
Authors: CORSI Margarida da Silveira , OLIVARTE Cassia Mirelli Mussolim , RITTER Lilian Cristina Buzato
Published: October 2022

O presente artigo descreve uma oficina literária denominada “Minha Trova”, destinada a alunos das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental II. O objetivo da oficina é desenvolver a apreciação do gênero literário poema, por meio da leitura crítica e de reflexões intuitivas/subjetivas, embasadas na materialidade do texto, com foco na proficiência do aluno como sujeito leitor. Defendemos a leitura como uma prática libertadora e humanizadora, na qual deve ser garantido o seu acesso a todo cidadão, salientando que a leitura é o maior de todos os conhecimentos. A abordagem teórica está fundamentada, sobretudo, em Barthes (1980), Michelleti (2000), Candido (2004), Langlade (2013), Rouxel (2013) e Corsi e Fleck (2018). Dessa forma, propomos a atividade de leitura literária a partir de textos populares e próximos à vivência do aluno, sob orientação metodológica híbrida de Corsi e Fleck (2018) e de Micheletti (2000), perpassando as etapas de sensibilização, motivação, leitura, análise, interpretação e expansão. Com esta oficina, esperamos oferecer uma possibilidade de intervenção pedagógica no texto literário, que possibilite a reflexão crítica do sujeito leitor.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Leitura. Oficina literária. Poema. Trova.
A CENOGRAFIA DE CONFISSÃO NA PÁGINA SEGREDOS UFLA: UMA ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO EM CONTEXTO DE ANONIMATO
Authors: CANO Márcio Rogério de Oliveira , PENA Luana Nayara
Published: October 2022

Neste trabalho, a partir dos estudos desenvolvidos no Grupo de Pesquisa de Leitura e Produção de Discurso (GPLPD), propomos a análise dos discursos produzidos em uma página do Facebook conhecida como Segredos UFLA. Tal página permite o envio e a publicação de mensagens anônimas, encabeçadas por “Confesso que”. Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que os discursos da fan page se constituam a partir da cenografia de confissão, refletindo o processo de genealogia do discurso. A confissão é um espaço validado para dizer de si, e sua imposição pela Igreja Católica acarretou, ao longo dos anos, em uma sociedade confessional, que carrega traços da confissão em diversos discursos. A metodologia desta pesquisa envolve a constituição de corpus a partir de postagens da página Segredos UFLA, que foram agrupadas em categorias para sua melhor apreensão. Como referencial para a análise, são utilizados os estudos de Maingueneau (2015) sobre as cenas de enunciação, bem como as considerações de Foucault (1998) sobre os discursos da confissão e os estudos de Orlandi (2015) sobre sujeito discursivo. Além disso, o quadro teórico é constituído por estudos sobre os impactos da tecnologia na discursividade do mundo, tal como Pacheco (2014), Dias (2016) e Maingueneau (2015). As conclusões apontam que a própria cenografia faz emergir o sujeito anônimo ao mesmo tempo em que o valida por meio da cena de enunciação. A cenografia de confissão determina os papéis que os enunciadores devem assumir nesse quadro, bem como os próprios assuntos que serão tratados nessas postagens.
RITMOS DA ESCRITA MARCADOS PELA VULGARIZAÇÃO DE CONCEITOS CIENTÍFICOS NA MÍDIA IMPRESSA: UMA PERSPECTIVA DE LETRAMENTO
Authors: PEREIRA Anderson de Carvalho
Published: October 2022

A partir de uma abordagem discursiva dos estudos sobre letramento, o objetivo deste artigo é mostrar, por meio da análise de cinco recortes extraídos de reportagens publicadas na mídia impressa brasileira, por quais caminhos a presença de conceitos científicos define um ritmo da escrita. Foram privilegiados recortes que não destacavam de forma explícita um conceito científico mobilizado para a construção dos enunciados. Pudemos notar que esta presença não marcada é reconhecida em função de uma posição do intérprete que indicia um jogo de sentido voltado ao apagamento da presença do Outro no discurso para se estabelecer como definidora do ritmo da escrita. Pudemos concluir que este apagamento ratifica as estratégias de fortalecimento da aliança entre discurso científico e discurso jornalístico.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Letramento. Ciência. Escrita.
ATUAÇÃO DOCENTE E ORALIDADE NAS ASSEMBLEIAS ESCOLARES ESTUDANTIS
Authors: SILVA Roksyvan de Paiva , MIRANDA Joseval dos Reis
Published: October 2022

Embora alunos cheguem à escola sabendo falar português, são diferentes as condições de produção oral de textos situados em campos da vida pública e da vida privada, familiar ou íntima. Por lhes serem estranhas ou novas, à escola cabe desenvolver as competências discursivas do campo da vida pública, que coincidem com a formação do cidadão. A pesquisa buscou analisar formas de intervenção pedagógica que estimulam a oralidade de alunos reunidos em assembleia escolar estudantil. Participaram estudantes de sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública de João Pessoa, PB. De natureza qualitativa e cunho interventivo, o estudo se baseou, em relação ao conceito de trabalho, nas obras de Freinet (1998) e Lukács (1969, 2018); em relação ao funcionamento das assembleias, nas obras de Freinet (1973), Puig et al. (2000) e Araújo (2004); e, em relação aos gêneros discursivos, nas obras de Bakhtin (2010) e Volochínov (2010). Os dados foram gerados pela observação participante e por gravações em áudio das assembleias e rodas de conversa realizadas. Como resultado final da pesquisa, a análise levou à interpretação de que a atuação docente contribuiu para desenvolver na turma de alunos uma atividade oral autônoma, reflexiva e facilitadora da resolução de conflitos pelo diálogo.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Oralidade; Assembleia escolar estudantil; Assembleia de classe.
VARIAÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA NA ESCOLA: AMPLIANDO A CONSCIÊNCIA LINGUÍSTICA DOS ALUNOS DA ZONA RURAL POR MEIO DAS TIRAS DA TURMA DO XAXADO
Authors: SILVA Elizabete Bezerra da , NICOLAU Roseane Batista Feitosa
Published: October 2022

A Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BRASIL, 2017, 2018) recomenda um trabalho com a língua que a reconheça como fenômeno (geo)político, histórico, cultural, variável, heterogêneo e sensível aos contextos desses usos, vivenciando suas formas de expressão identitárias, pessoais e coletivas, reconhecendo que intrinsecamente a linguagem está ligada à construção identitária dos indivíduos e ao seu meio social. Nessa direção, este trabalho resulta de uma investigação de caráter intervencionista que buscou propiciar uma reflexão sobre a diversidade e a variação linguística, com alunos da zona rural do município de Sobrado – PB, por meio de atividades com tiras da Turma do Xaxado. Para o seu desenvolvimento, foram utilizadas as considerações de Bagno (2007, 2002, 2001), Faraco (2008) e Lucchesi (2015), os quais comungam com a ideia de que não há língua homogênea e de que a diversidade linguística é fator de riqueza e dinamismo. Foram utilizados, também, os estudos de Ramos (2017), que advogam o uso dos quadrinhos como importante instrumento de ensino da língua [...] As discussões e os questionamentos suscitados durante a aplicação do trabalho permitiram também que alguns alunos, a partir do reconhecimento de que a língua é constituída de variação, despertassem para a necessidade de uma atitude respeitosa frente à diversidade presente na língua.  PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Variação e diversidade linguística. Turma do Xaxado. Consciência linguística.
CONSTRUCIONALIZAÇÃO DO CONECTOR AGORA QUE EM PERSPECTIVA FUNCIONAL CENTRADA NO USO
Authors: De Figueiredo Francisco Clébio , Nunes Chagas Almeida Telma Patrícia , Bessa Vidal Rosângela Maria
Published: October 2022

Neste artigo investigamos o processo de mudança linguística de agora que em perspectiva pancrônica e através da análise dos dados registramos a sua mudança linguística para conector discursivo textual. Dão suporte às nossas discussões: Traugott (2008, 2010), Heine (2002), Goldberg (1995, 2006), Boas (2013), Diewald (2006), Bybee (1985, 2006, 2008, 2010), Langacker (1987), Croft (2001), Taylor (2002), Lakoff (1987), Hopper (2008), Givón (2012), Pezatti (2009), Votre (2012), Neves (2010, 2012, 2018, 2019), Martelotta (2003, 2008, 2011), Furtado da Cunha (2012), entre outros. O resultado desse processo foi analisado pela óptica da construcionalização gramatical e dos pressupostos teóricos da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso – LFCU, em diálogo com a Gramática de Construções e a Gramaticalização de Construções. Metodologicamente, adotamos a pesquisa netnográfica, método de procedimento científico de comunidades online, neste trabalho, a rede social Twitter. Selecionamos 100 amostras de agora que twittadas e que constituem o corpus para este trabalho. Elas apresentaram um deslizamento funcional em contextos específicos de comunicação em que agrega cognição, texto e uso. Com isso, as pressões pragmático-discursivas e o aumento das frequências type e token desse construto configuraram a sua rota evolutiva de gramaticalização. Assim, o estudo de agora que nos contextos de uso evidenciou neonálises de forma morfossintática e significado semântico-pragmático que levaram à criação da microconstrução [agora que conector textual], um pareamento forma nova e significado novo.
COESÃO E COERÊNCIA NA AVALIAÇÃO EXTERNA DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA: GRAMÁTICA E LINGUÍSTICA TEXTUAL NA ANÁLISE DE ITENS DE TESTES DE PROFICIÊNCIA DO ESPÍRITO SANTO
Authors: Araujo Pifano Higor Everson
Published: October 2022

O presente artigo busca refletir sobre a abordagem de habilidades relacionadas à coesão e à coerência textuais observadas em itens de múltipla escolha de avaliações em larga escala, com destaque para questões presentes em testes do Programa de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Espírito Santo – PAEBES. Partindo-se de uma breve apresentação sobre avaliação e os principais conceitos relacionados à avaliação externa, será traçada uma reflexão sobre o elemento condutor dessas tarefas avaliativas que é o texto, suporte para a elaboração dos itens que atendem a descritores (habilidades) que visam ao diagnóstico da competência leitora dos estudantes da Educação Básica. Seguindo-se a essa discussão, o texto buscará demonstrar como a normatividade gramatical encontra-se presente na Linguística Textual ao se observar o processo de coesão e coerência textuais avaliados em testes padronizados. Para isso, serão observados e analisados alguns exemplares de itens que avaliam três habilidades recorrentes em testes em larga escala: estabelecer relações entre partes de um texto, identificando repetições ou substituições que contribuem para a continuidade de um texto; estabelecer relação causa/consequência entre partes e elementos do texto; estabelecer relações lógico-discursivas presentes no texto, marcadas por conjunções, advérbios etc. Desse modo, buscar-se-á identificar como a visão normativa e a funcional encontram-se entrecruzadas na composição dos discursos, tomando por parâmetro as noções linguístico-textuais de Koch (1997; 2000; 2003), Fávero (2000), Travaglia (1997), Marcuschi, Costa Val (2006), entre outros.
O ENSINO DA GRAMÁTICA NA EJA: CAMINHOS E DESCAMINHOS
Authors: Porte Daniela
Published: October 2022

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar reflexões acerca do ensino da gramática normativa na Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Para tanto, primeiro propõe-se descrição e análise de atividade inspirada no livro “O ensino da gramática: caminhos e descaminhos”, de Carlos Eduardo Falcão Uchôa (2007). Em seguida, descreve-se, nova atividade, criada a partir da experiência com a primeira, com o intuito de investigar possibilidades para o ensino produtivo da gramática normativa na EJA, que, de fato, contribua para a emancipação linguístico-discursiva dos estudantes.
ANÁLISE DE PROCESSOS ANAFÓRICOS NA INTERAÇÃO ENTRE MATERIALIDADES TEXTUAIS EM MÍDIAS DIGITAIS
Authors: De Souza Welllington Gomes , Bezerra Lidiane de Morais Diógenes
Published: October 2022

Neste artigo, propomos uma abordagem sobre referenciação com base na ideia de que os processos referenciais anafóricos podem ser desenvolvidos intertextualmente ou hipertextualmente, posto que os referentes transitam entre superfícies textuais distintas. Portanto, o objetivo é analisar as construções anafóricas que ocorrem entre textos, numa perspectiva insólita em relação ao que se observa, tradicionalmente, nos estudos acerca desse fenômeno da Linguística Textual. Para tanto, elencamos textos que promovem a construção hipertextual e caracterizam a transposição de objetos de discurso entre gêneros presentes em mídias digitais, em situações que sustentam essa linha de estudo. Nessa esteira, percebemos a disposição interativa entre textos, a partir de sua apresentação em determinados suportes midiáticos. A discussão está fundamentada, principalmente, nos postulados de Mondada; Dubois (2003) e nos escritos de autores como Costa (2007), Koch (2009), Custódio Filho (2011) e Cavalcante et al (2020). Metodologicamente, realizamos uma pesquisa descritivo-interpretativa de natureza qualitativa. De acordo com o estudo, consideramos que os processos referenciais anafóricos podem ser configurados mantendo uma base de referencialidade, ainda que em superfícies textuais diferentes. Dessa forma, consideramos haver um campo de estudos profícuo para o tratamento desses processos para além dos limites de uma superfície textual. Palavras-chave: Linguística Textual. Referenciação. Anáforas. Intertexto. Hipertexto.
IMPLEMENTASI GOOD GOVERNANCE DALAM PENGADAAN LANGSUNG ELEKTRONIK PADA BIDANG PEMBINAAN SEKOLAH DASAR DISDIKBUD KABUPATEN SERANG
Authors: Gojali Jali
Published: October 2022

Masih dilakukannya pengadaan langsung manual berakibat pada tidak transparannya proses, akuntabilitas diragukan, partisipasi masyarakat dibatasi dan akan mengakibatkan proses dan keluaran hasil yang rawan kecurangan karena tidak sesuai dengan aturan hukum yang berlaku, serta tidak memperhatikan unsur kesetaraan didalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Implementasi Good Governance dalam kebijakan pengadaan langsung secara elektronik di Bidang Pembinaan Sekolah Dasar sudah sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip: transparansi, kompetensi, akuntabilitas, partisipasi, aturan hukum, dan kesetaraan. Penelitian ini  menggunakan metode kualitatif, pengambilan data melalui wawancara mendalam kepada 12 informan, observasi/pengamatan, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian pada bidang Pembinaan SD menerangkan bahwa dari total 24 paket pengadaan langsung, sebanyak 23 paket (95%) dilakukan secara elektronik. Implementasi Good Governance dalam Pengadaan Langsung Elektronik sudah memenuhi prinsip transparansi, kompetensi, akuntabilitas, partisipasi, aturan hukum dan kesetaraan. Khususnya pada prinsip aturan hukum, kebijakan tentang pengadaan langsung elektronik baik peraturan presiden nomor 12 tahun 2021, peraturan lembaga kebijakan pengadaan barang/jasa pemerintah nomor 12 tahun 2021, serta surat edaran bupati nomor 027/2799/BPBJ-2021 diimplementasikan dengan baik dilihat dari faktor komunikasi, sumberdaya, sikap para pelaksana, dan birokrasi di dalamnya menunjukan kebijakan tersebut mendukung pada terciptanya Good Governance. Namun dalam faktor komunikasi terkait mekanisme aturan dan kebijakan   dibutuhkan sosialisasi yang berkelanjutan dari pihak yang berwenang agar mekanisme dan kebijakan tersebut dapat diimplementasikan dengan baik.
The Handwritten Recipe Notebook as a Place of Memory
Authors:   “Constantin Brăiloiu” Institute of Ethnography and Folklore, Romanian Academy, Romania, JIGA ILIESCU LAURA
Published: October 2022

A handwritten recipe notebook is not a mere domestic collection of recipes, but a material support for an immaterial tradition that combines culinary knowledge with commensality practices. These are formalized texts (a title, a list of ingredients, and directions) activated through the oral performance of a formalized setting (the food preparation process), which combines sequences of gestures instead of (or together with) words, or/and through a writing activity (copying a model or transcribing the recipe after dictation). The final material artefact (namely the dish and the written recipe) incorporates the syncretic and immaterial memories of all previous performances. A recipe notebook is not a simple anthology of texts either, it is instead a subjective “critical edition” which grows page by page, according to imperceptible selection criteria; with the passing of time, the pages become impregnated with smells, traces of pots of oil or sugar, children’s fingerprints, figurative drawings, etc.
A Case of Functional Orality in the Digital Age: Olympos (Karpathos, Greece)
Authors:   Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales, France, NITTIS MELANIE
Published: October 2022

The cultural life of Olympos, a village on the island of Karpathos in Greece, is organized around sung poetic improvisation. From the time when a majority of the villagers were illiterate to the present, this ritual performance has shifted without changing its nature from “primary orality” to “mixed orality,” which coexists today with “mediated orality,” and is characterized by three main types of transmission. First, this performance is still being transmitted via oral memory since men are able to remember improvised couplets, in particular so as to avoid singing and hearing the same couplet twice. However, it is mainly the women attending the performances who memorize verses, which they can later play back, thus acting like an oral archive. Next, a written memory has developed in addition to this oral memory because some of the women have recorded the memorized verses in notebooks. Further, the emergence of local newspapers has led women to publish couplets in the community life sections. Under their influence, men also began to publish verses in these newspapers, but especially via the new media. Finally, recording technologies have made it possible to broadcast performances without losing their oral dimension. As a result, many recordings made by the villagers are exchanged via social media or broadcast on local digital radios to make them available to Greek emigrants, and in the process become archived. Despite the discrete presence of writing, Olympos oral poetry therefore remains rooted in Olympos’s social life as the community continues to perceive it as a functional form.
Identification Narratives, Local Stories, and Virtual Communication
Authors:   Rousse Regional Museum of History, Bulgaria, YOROVA STEFANA
Published: October 2022

In this article the author summarizes some conclusions drawn following her field research on narration and identity. Language itself is approached language itself as a guardian of ideas, structuring society, using humor as an integrative barrier. It is introduced the term identification narrative as crucial for understanding the self in the context of the community. The author briefly describes the cases of a popular local story that changed local oral practices and of a less popular local story that preserved local oral practices. She analyzes the natural transformations of local stories compared to their translations into the “language” of virtual communication. The author research the impact of new forms of communication on local cultures and how the narrative of the desired identity comes to replace the traditional social narrative of the self.
Surgically proven small bowel intussusception in children: Analysis of 36 cases
Authors: ZEYTUN Hikmet , BASUGUY Erol , ARSLAN Serkan , AYDOĞDU Bahattin , OKUR Mehmet Hanifi
Published: October 2022

Background: Intussusception is one of the most common abdominal emergencies in children. While the majority of childhood intussusceptions are ilecolic and idiopathic, small bowel intussusceptions are rare and a pathological trigger is often blamed for the etiology. Ultrasonography is the most commonly used diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of intussusception.

Objectives: To determine auxiliary diagnostic criteria for ultrasonography in the differentiation of small bowel intussusceptions based on ultrasonography, reduction and surgical findings of surgically confirmed small bowel intussusceptions and to contribute to the diagnosis and treatment algorithm of small bowel intussusceptions based on our clinical experience.

Methods: The records of patients who underwent surgery for small bowel intussusception at the Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery between January 2008 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic characteristics, ultrasonographic findings, onset and duration of symptoms, treatment method, intraoperative findings and histopathological results of the patients were recorded.

Results: Thirty-six pediatric patients with small bowel intussusception were operated. The average age of these patients was 59 ± 49.7 months and %78 was male. The location of the small bowel intussusception detected by ultrasound scan was the paraumbilical area and left quadrant in 19 (53%) patients and the right quadrant in 15 (42%) patients. In ultrasonography, the mean diameter of the invaginated segment was 3 (1.2-6.5) cm and the mean length was 6.7 (3-15) cm. Pathological lead points were detected in the etiology of nineteen (53%) patients. Thirteen (36%) patients underwent segmental resection and anastomosis due to necrosis.

Conclusions: Small bowel intussusceptions are often localized in the paraumbilical and left upper quadrant. However, it should be kept in mind that it may be localized in the right lower quadrant like ileocolic invaginations. Enema reduction can be used as an adjunctive diagnostic method to exclude ileocolic invaginations rather than treatment in these patients. The diameter and length of the invaginated segment may be decisive in the surgical decision of the small bowel intussusception.
SLEEP QUALITY AND AFFECTING FACTORS AMONG ELDERLY LIVING IN A NURSING HOME AT EAST NUSA TENGGARA INDONESIA
Authors: Adawiyah Asyifa Robiatul , Djokosujono Kusharisupeni , Sanga Jumiati Lelu
Published: October 2022

Sleep is one of the processes that greatly affects aging, It essential for mental, physical, and maintenance of physical health. Kupang East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, a research study in a nursing home of the elderly experience have a bad quality of sleep. This study aimed to analyze the sleep quality and the factors affecting, among old age living in a nursing home at East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia. The research design was cross-sectional with primary data on 103 elderly living in nursing homes. There was a relationship between age, gender, marital status, spouse, education background, have a chronic diseases, living arrangement, anxiety, and depression with sleep quality (p<0.05). The correlation showed that there was a strong and positive patterned relationship (<0.05) between the total anxiety score and the total sleep quality score (r=0.608) and the total depression score with the total sleep quality score (r=0.561) meaning that the higher of the elderly felt anxiety and depression worsened for the quality of sleep. Old age who lives alone are more susceptible to stress or depression resulting from unconvenient environment where they live. High levels of anxiety and depression in the elderly are associated with poorer sleep quality.
The Association Between Feeding Practices and History of Diarrhea with Nutritional Status of Toddlers
Authors: Setyani Lulu Indria , Anwar Khoirul
Published: October 2022

The age of 0-59 months is a phase of basic life formation that is vulnerable to nutritional problems. Causes such as infectious diseases and parenting. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between feeding practices and history of diarrhea with the nutritional status of children under five. This study used a cross-sectional design. Samples were taken by purposive sampling of as many as 96 toddlers. Data were collected by direct measurement of weight scales, stature meters, and interviews using the main questionnaire and the modified CFQ questionnaire. The statistical tests used were the chi-square test and fisher's exact test. A total of 28.1% of respondents practice inappropriate feeding and 47.9% of children under five have a history of diarrhea. There is a relationship between feeding practices and underweight (p=0.000), stunting (p=0.000), and wasting (p=0.000). There was a relationship between a history of diarrhea and being underweight (p=0.043), but there was no relationship between stunting (p=0.073) and wasting (p=0.063).Keywords: diarrhea, feeding, nutritional status, toddlers
Factors Associated with High Fat, Salt, And Sugar Food Selection on Online Food Delivery Service Among Students of SMAN (State High School) 47 Jakarta in 2022
Authors: Arifiana Arifiana , Djokosujono Kusharisupeni , Putra Wahyu Kurnia Yusrin , Muziana Nina
Published: October 2022

In the use of Online Food Delivery Service (OFDS), an online service applying a smartphone to make it easier for users to get food quickly, it was found that the foods selected tend to be unhealthy and may increase the risk of being overweight. The aim of this study was to determine predominant and other factors that differ in food selection in OFDS among students at SMAN (State High School) 47 Jakarta in 2022. This study applied a cross-sectional study design with 112 subjects. Data were taken through a questionnaire and analyzed by using an X²- test and multiple logistic regression. This study shows that 58.9% of students chose foods categorized as high in fat, salt, and sugar (HFSS) with fried chicken as the food type chosen the most. Bivariate results show that gender, reward sensitivity, OFDS frequency, and reduction in price, are all significantly different in the selection of foods ordered through OFDS. A multiple logistic regression analysis shows OFDS frequency as a predominant factor (OR=6,89). This study suggests that the school may collaborate with public health centers district health offices or colleges in nutritional sciences on providing nutrition education. This study also suggests that the government must apply high taxes on HFSS foods.
Quantum simulation of interacting fermions
Authors: Luo Yu-Chen , Li Xiao-Peng ,   Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China,   Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 201210, China
Published: October 2022

Fermions are basic building blocks in the standard model. Interactions among these elementary particles determine how they assemble and consequently form various states of matter in our nature. Simulating fermionic degrees of freedom is also a central problem in condensed matter physics and quantum chemistry, which is crucial to understanding high-temperature superconductivity, quantum magnetism and molecular structure and functionality. However, simulating interacting fermions by classical computing generically face the minus sign problem, encountering the exponential computation complexity. Ultracold atoms provide an ideal experimental platform for quantum simulation of interacting fermions. This highly-controllable system enables the realizing of nontrivial fermionic models, by which the physical properties of the models can be obtained by measurements in experiment. This deepens our understanding of related physical mechanisms and helps determine the key parameters. In recent years, there have been versatile experimental studies on quantum ground state physics, finite temperature thermal equilibrium, and quantum many-body dynamics, in fermionic quantum simulation systems. Quantum simulation offers an access to the physical problems that are intractable on the classical computer, including studying macroscopic quantum phenomena and microscopic physical mechanisms, which demonstrates the quantum advantages of controllable quantum systems. This paper briefly introduces the model of interacting fermions describing the quantum states of matter in such a system. Then we discuss various states of matter, which can arise in interacting fermionic quantum systems, including Cooper pair superfluids and density-wave orders. These exotic quantum states play important roles in describing high-temperature superconductivity and quantum magnetism, but their simulations on the classical computers have exponentially computational cost. Related researches on quantum simulation of interacting fermions in determining the phase diagrams and equation of states reflect the quantum advantage of such systems.
The role of conjunctive representations in prioritizing and selecting planned actions
Authors: Kikumoto Atsushi , Mayr Ulrich , Badre David
Published: October 2022

For flexible goal-directed behavior, prioritizing and selecting a specific action among multiple candidates are often important. Working memory has long been assumed to play a role in prioritization and planning, while bridging cross-temporal contingencies during action selection. However, studies of working memory have mostly focused on memory for single components of an action plan, such as a rule or a stimulus, rather than management of all of these elements during planning. Therefore, it is not known how post-encoding prioritization and selection operate on the entire profile of representations for prospective actions. Here, we assessed how such control processes unfold over action representations, highlighting the role of conjunctive representations that nonlinearly integrate task-relevant features during maintenance and prioritization of action plans. For each trial, participants prepared two independent rule-based actions simultaneously, then they were retro-cued to select one as their response. Prior to the start of the trial, one rule-based action was randomly assigned to be high priority by cueing that it was more likely to be tested. We found that both full action plans were maintained as conjunctive representations during action preparation, regardless of priority. However, during output selection, the conjunctive representation of the high-priority action plan was more enhanced and readily selected as an output. Furthermore, the strength of the high-priority conjunctive representation was associated with behavioral interference when the low-priority action was tested. Thus, multiple alternate upcoming actions were maintained as integrated representations and served as the target of post-encoding attentional selection mechanisms to prioritize and select an action from within working memory.
Study on eye movement characteristics and intervention of basketball shooting skill
Authors: Gou Qifeng , Li Sunnan , Wang Runping
Published: October 2022

Background

The shooting aiming point is very important in basketball because it may affect the field goal percentage (FG%). The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of shooting aiming point practice on FG% and to search for new training methods for shooting improvement in basketball.

Methods

A total of 24 expert basketball players and 24 amateur basketball players participated in the shooting task of Experiment 1. The participants in the two groups wore an eye movement instrument while shooting the ball. The shooting techniques included free throws, 45° direct shots and 45° bank shots to verify the differences in shooting aiming points between expert basketball players and amateur basketball players. Forty-eight amateur basketball players participated in the teaching experiment of Experiment 2. Twenty-four participants participated in routine teaching, and 24 participants had shooting aiming point practice for nine weeks to verify the difference in FG% between the two groups. The shooting aiming points of the participants were assessed immediately after shooting.

Results

Experiment 1 found that expert basketball players used shorter fixation duration, fewer fixation numbers and more reasonable (simple and efficient) fixation distributions than amateur players. Moreover, expert basketball players took the front edge of the hoop as the aiming point, and amateur players took the central or back edge of the hoop as the aiming point; the FG% of the expert group (83.47%) was significantly higher than that of the amateur group (34.86%) (P < 0.01). Experiment 2 found that for the total FG% of the three tests, the intervention group (30.19%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (27.27%) (P < 0.05). After five weeks of aiming point training, it can be found that was no significant difference in the FG% between the intervention group (28.19%) and the control group (26.53%) (P > 0.05). After 9 weeks of shooting aiming point training, the FG% of the intervention group (36.39%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (30.14%) (P < 0.05), and the FG% of the intervention group increased faster than that of the control group. Additionally, the aiming point of the intervention players changed from the center and back edge of the hoop to the front.

Conclusion

(1) There was a correlation between basketball shooting aiming point and FG%. FG% with the front edge of the hoop as the aiming point was higher than the back edge hoop or center. (2) The FG% could be more quickly improved by shooting aiming point practice; it will not be affected in a short time (5 weeks); however, 9 weeks of practice can significantly improve the FG%.
Mental Health Morbidities and Time to Cancer Diagnosis Among Adults With Colon Cancer in England
Authors: Benitez Majano Sara , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , de Wit Niek J. , White Becky , Rachet Bernard , Helsper Charles , Usher-Smith Juliet , Renzi Cristina
Published: October 2022

Importance

Mental health morbidity (MHM) in patients presenting with possible cancer symptoms may be associated with prediagnostic care and time to cancer diagnosis.

Objective

To compare the length of intervals to cancer diagnosis by preexisting MHM status in patients who presented with symptoms of as-yet–undiagnosed colon cancer and evaluate their risk of emergency cancer diagnosis.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was conducted using linked primary care data obtained from the population-based Clinical Practice Research Datalink, which includes primary care practices in England, linked to cancer registry and hospital data. Included participants were 3766 patients diagnosed with colon cancer between 2011 and 2015 presenting with cancer-relevant symptoms up to 24 months before their diagnosis. Data analysis was performed in January 2021 to April 2022.

Exposures

Mental health conditions recorded in primary care before cancer diagnosis, including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, alcohol addiction, anorexia, and bulimia.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Fast-track (also termed 2–week wait) specialist referral for investigations, time to colonoscopy and cancer diagnosis, and risk of emergency cancer diagnosis.

Results

Among 3766 patients with colon cancer (median [IQR] age, 75 [65-82] years; 1911 [50.7%] women ), 623 patients [16.5%] had preexisting MHM recorded in primary care the year before cancer diagnosis, including 562 patients (14.9%) with preexisting anxiety or depression (accounting for 90.2% of patients with preexisting MHM) and 61 patients (1.6%) with other MHM; 3143 patients (83.5%) did not have MHM. Patients with MHM had records of red-flag symptoms or signs (ie, rectal bleeding, change in bowel habit, or anemia) in the 24 months before cancer diagnosis in a smaller proportion compared with patients without MHM (308 patients [49.4%] vs 1807 patients [57.5%]; P < .001). Even when red-flag symptoms were recorded, patients with MHM had lower odds of fast-track specialist referral (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.94; P = .01). Among 2115 patients with red-flag symptoms or signs, 308 patients with MHM experienced a more than 2-fold longer median (IQR) time to cancer diagnosis (326 [75-552] days vs 133 [47-422] days) and higher odds of emergency diagnosis (90 patients [29.2%] vs 327 patients [18.1%]; adjusted OR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.23-2.24; P < .001) compared with 1807 patients without MHM.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that patients with MHM experienced large and prognostically consequential disparities in diagnostic care before a colon cancer diagnosis. These findings suggest that appropriate pathways and follow-up strategies after symptomatic presentation are needed for earlier cancer diagnoses and improved health outcomes in this large patient group.
Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Disorders in Children and Adolescents With Migraine
Authors: Falla Katherine , Kuziek Jonathan , Mahnaz Syeda Rubbia , Noel Melanie , Ronksley Paul E. , Orr Serena L.
Published: October 2022

Importance

Though it is presumed that children and adolescents with migraine are at risk of internalizing symptoms and disorders, high-level summative evidence to support this clinical belief is lacking.

Objective

To determine if there is an association between internalizing symptoms and disorders and migraine in children and adolescents.

Data Sources

A librarian-led, peer-reviewed search was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases (inception to March 28, 2022).

Study Selection

Case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies on the association between internalizing symptoms and disorders and migraine in children and adolescents 18 years or younger were eligible.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Two investigators independently completed abstract and full-text screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal using the Newcastle-Ottawa scales. Studies were pooled with random-effects meta-analyses using standardized mean differences (SMD) or odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs. Where sufficient data for pooling were unavailable, studies were described qualitatively.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was migraine diagnosis; additional outcomes included migraine outcomes and incidence. Associations between these outcomes and internalizing symptoms and disorders were evaluated.

Results

The study team screened 4946 studies and included 80 studies in the systematic review. Seventy-four studies reported on the association between internalizing symptoms and disorders and migraine, and 51 studies were amenable to pooling. Meta-analyses comparing children and adolescents with migraine with healthy controls showed: (1) an association between migraine and anxiety symptoms (SMD, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.64-1.63); (2) an association between migraine and depressive symptoms (SMD, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.46-0.87); and (3) significantly higher odds of anxiety disorders (OR, 1.93, 95% CI, 1.49-2.50) and depressive disorders (OR, 2.01, 95% CI, 1.46-2.78) in those with, vs without, migraine. Stratification of results did not reveal differences between clinical vs community/population-based samples and there was no evidence of publication bias. Twenty studies assessing the association between internalizing symptoms or disorders and migraine outcomes (n = 18) or incident migraine (n = 2) were summarized descriptively given significant heterogeneity, with minimal conclusions drawn.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, children and adolescents with migraine were at higher risk of anxiety and depression symptoms and disorders compared with healthy controls. It may be beneficial to routinely screen children and adolescents with migraine for anxiety and depression in clinical practice. It is unclear whether having anxiety and depressive symptoms or disorders has an affect on migraine outcomes or incidence.
Electrically Induced Bursting of Aqueous Capsules Made from Biopolymers: ‘Switching On’ the Release of Payloads
Authors: Gargava Ankit , Xu Wenhao , Raghavan Srinivasa R.
Published: October 2022

The use of electric fields to stimulate the delivery of drugs or other active ingredients is of great interest for wearable electronics and other applications. Most attempts at electrically induced delivery with soft materials in water have focused on electronically conducting polymers (e.g., polypyrroles) or conductive nanocomposites (e.g., polymers with carbon nanotubes). Here, electrical responses are induced even in structures made from nonconducting biopolymers that are widely available, biocompatible, and biodegradable. The materials studied here are spherical capsules created from the anionic polysaccharide alginate by cross‐linking with cations like Ca2+ or Cu2+. When these capsules are placed in an aqueous solution and subjected to an electric field (direct current) of ≈8 V cm−1, they deform within a couple of minutes and then burst and disintegrate into pieces within ≈5 min. Capsules across a range of length scales (200 µm to 2 cm) respond in the above manner, and the electroresponse persists even if the capsules are embedded in a nonionic gel matrix. This electroresponse is due to electrophoretic migration of charged species (ions and/or polyelectrolyte chain‐segments) within (or out of) the capsules. In an alginate capsule, the cations are induced to migrate away from the positive electrode, which creates a weakly cross‐linked region of the capsule that swells appreciably. This anisotropic swelling continues until the capsule eventually bursts. Applications for electroresponsive capsules that highlight the spatial and temporal accuracy possible with an electrical stimulus are discussed. The bursting of capsules can be used to release solutes loaded inside these structures. Also, even the deformation of intact capsules can be used to create electrically actuatable valves, where a liquid flows out through the valve only when a capsule plug is dislodged.
Achieving Color‐Tunable and Time‐Dependent Organic Long Persistent Luminescence via Phosphorescence Energy Transfer for Advanced Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Wang Deliang , Gong Junyi , Xiong Yu , Wu Hongzhuo , Zhao Zheng , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: October 2022

Organic ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have promising applications in anti‐counterfeiting. To improve the encryption level, the exploration of organic materials with tunable solid‐state long persistent luminescence is in urgent need. Herein, a series of organic ultralong RTP polymeric systems are prepared by doping versatile indolocarbazole isomers into the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. Notably, the doping film 11,12‐ICz@PVA exhibits excellent RTP property with an ultralong lifetime of 2.04 s and a high phosphorescence quantum yield of 44.1%. Theoretical calculations reveal that this excellent RTP property can be attributed to the strong electrostatic attraction resulting from the synergistic double hydrogen‐bond between the isomer 11,12‐ICz and PVA matrix. More impressively, color‐tunable and time‐dependent long persistent luminescence is successfully achieved through efficient phosphorescence energy transfer between the indolocarbazole isomers with ultralong blue RTP emissions and commercially available fluorescent dyes with emission colors ranging from green to red doped into the PVA matrix. Besides, diversified encryption patterns are fabricated to demonstrate the promising applications of these water‐soluble doping PVA systems with tunable solid‐state persistent luminescence in advanced anti‐counterfeiting technology.
High‐Performance Phototransistor Based on Graphene/Organic Heterostructure for In‐Chip Visual Processing and Pulse Monitoring
Authors: Han Chao , Liu Xianchao , Han Xingwei , He Meiyu , Han Jiayue , Zhang He , Hou Xin , Zhou Hongxi , Yu He , Wu Zhiming , Gou Jun , Wang Jun
Published: October 2022

Mimicking the real‐time sensing and processing capabilities of human retina opens up a promising pathway for achieving vision chips with high‐efficient image processing. The development of retina‐inspired vision chip also requires hardware with high sensitivity, fast image capture, and the ability to sense under various lighting conditions. Herein, a high‐performance phototransistor based on graphene/organic heterojunction is demonstrated with a superior responsivity (2.86 × 106 A W−1), an outstanding respond speed (rise time/fall time is 20 µs/8.4 ms), and a remarkable detectivity (1.47 × 1014 Jones) at 650 nm. The phototransistor combines weak‐light detection capability (minimum detectable light intensity down to 2.8 nW cm−2) with gate‐tunable bi‐directional photoresponse capable of simultaneously sensing and processing visual images for light intensities ranging over six orders magnitude (10–107nW cm−2). Moreover, the phototransistor also exhibits an intriguing feature undiscovered in other retina‐inspired devices, namely that it can real‐time monitor the human pulse signal and heart rate by using photoplethysmography technology, and the measured heart rate error is only 0.87% compared with a commercially available sensor. This study paves the way for the development of low‐light and bio‐signal sensitive artificial retinas in the future.
Photothermal Catalytic Polyester Upcycling over Cobalt Single‐Site Catalyst
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Xuchun , Li Qingye , Yan Tianran , Lou Xiangxi , Zhang Congyang , Cao Muhan , Zhang Liang , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Zhang Qiao , He Le , Chen Jinxing
Published: October 2022

Photothermal catalytic conversion of waste plastics into fuels and/or feedstocks using renewable solar energy can achieve solar‐to‐chemical conversion, resource sustainability, and environmental remediation simultaneously. However, the construction of photothermal catalysts with strong light absorption and high catalytic activity remains a great challenge. In this work, integrated cobalt single‐site catalysts (Co SSCs), coupled with strong photothermal conversion, high catalytic activity, and stability, are employed to catalyze the glycolysis of polyesters. The unique coordination‐unsaturated CoO5 single‐site can coordinate with the carbonyl groups in polyester, thus boosting the nucleophilic addition elimination processes. As a result, the space‐time yield of Co SSCs is an order of magnitude higher than that of general catalysts. In addition, the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) conversion and bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate yield in photothermal catalysis are 5.4 and 6.6 times higher than those of thermal catalysis under the same conditions, which are contributed by the localized heating effect. Technical economic analysis shows that the recycling of 105 tons of waste PET by photothermal catalysis consumes 146.4 GW·h electrical energy and misses 7.44 × 104 tons of CO2 emission. Therefore, a high‐efficient photothermal catalytic plastic recycling system is of great significance for waste plastic valorization.
A Cell‐Free Silk Fibroin Biomaterial Strategy Promotes In Situ Cartilage Regeneration Via Programmed Releases of Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Mao Zhinan , Bi Xuewei , Wu Chengai , Zheng Yufeng , Shu Xiong , Wu Sujun , Guan Juan , Ritchie Robert O.
Published: October 2022

In situ tissue regeneration using cell‐free biofunctional scaffolds has been extensively studied as a promising alternative strategy to promote cartilage repair. In this study, a cartilage‐biomimetic silk fibroin (SF)‐based scaffold with controlled sequential release of two bioactive molecules is developed. Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is initially loaded onto the SF scaffolds by physical absorption, which are then successively functionalized with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)‐specific‐affinity peptide (E7) via gradient degradation coating of Silk fibroin Methacryloyl (SilMA)/Hyaluronic acid Methacryloyl (HAMA). Such SF‐based scaffolds exhibit excellent structural stability and catilage‐like mechanical properties, thus providing a desirable 3D microenvironment for cartilage reconstruction. Furthermore, rapid initial release of E7 during the first few days, followed by slow and sustained release of TGF‐β1 for as long as few weeks, synergistically induced the recruitment of BMSCs and chondrogenic differentiation of them in vitro. Finally, in vivo studies indicate that the implantation of the biofunctional scaffold markedly promote in situ cartilage regeneration in a rabbit cartilage defect model. It is believed that this cartilage‐biomimetic biofunctional SF‐based scaffold with sequential controlled release of E7 and TGF‐β1 may have a promising potential for improved cartilage tissue engineering.