bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obstetrical and Gynecological conditions requiring intensive admission from Basra maternity and child hospital A five year survey
Authors: Al-Rubaei Sajdai
Published: January 2024

Objective:- To assess the obstetrical and gynecological cases admitted to ICU, causes of admission, intervention required, and their morbidity and mortality.Methods :- During the five years period from 1st of Jan 2004 till 1st of Jan 2009, 119 patients were admitted to ICU. Cases were reviewed in detail including age, parity, reason for ICU admission, clinical features, response to intervention and maternal outcome.Result :- mean maternal age was (29.8Â±6) years the main causes for admission massive bleeding, complications of anesthesia followed by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (42.8%) (21.8%) (18.4%) respectively, coagulopathy (36.1%) and respiratory failure (26.8%) were the main organ failure, most the admitted patients needed transfusion (50.4%) and ventilatory support (26.50%) specialized intervention like dialysis and surgical intervention were also required (20.1%) .Conclusion:- Invasive hemodynamic monitoring and ventilatory support were the two main interventions, improving quality of care before and after admission to ICU may reduce maternal mortality.
Common causes of neonatal sepsis in ALkadhimiyia Teaching Hospital
Authors: Jasem Albahadle Abdul karem , Abdul abass Areege
Published: January 2024

Sepsis is common in the neonatal period which may be acquired in utero through the placental or trans-cervical routes and during or after birth and because the immunological system of neonates is not well developed make this infection series and fatal if did not treated in optimal manner . To identify the most common causes of sepsis in ALKadhthimyia Teaching Hospital and its mortality rate. Cross-sectional study was conducted during the period between 14th of February 2009 to 25th of February 2010 on 127 neonates with sepsis diagnosed clinically and they wereadmitted in AL-Kadhthimyia Teaching Hospital ,they ere divided into two groups according to the time of appearance of the disease which were early onset sepsis and late onset sepsis. blood was taken from them and send for culture. The most common clinical presentation in early onset sepsis [EOS] were , poor feeding, lethargy and fever( 94.12% ,91.76 % ,and 52.94 % respectively )which is similar to late onset sepsis[LOS] (95.24%,92.86% and 57.14 % respectively). the most common organisms responsible for[EOS] were Staph.aureus, Enterobacteria,and staph.epidermidis (25.89 % ,21.18 % and21.18 % respectively ) while in[LOS] Staph.aureus Enterobacteria and E.coli ( 21.43 % ,16.67 % and 11.90 % ). The over all mortality was 29.92 % which was slightly more in [LOS] 30.95 % than in [EOS] 29.41% also it was more common in male than female in both groups. Staph.aureus,Enterobacteria were the leading cause of sepsis in both groups while staph.epidermidis wase more common in [EOS]and E.coli was more common in [LOS] .
Immune responses to outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella Typhimurium and their relations to enteric reactive arthritis
Authors: H. Ahmed Abdal Razak , Hadi Mohammed , Salman Hussan Jabbar
Published: January 2024

Objectives: In the present work, we analyzed the predominant Salmonella typhimurum component outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide (OMPs and LPS) that triggered an immune response in 45 patients with enteric reactive arthritis by assessing the anti-OMPs and anti-LPS antibodies (including IgG IgM and IgA) by ELISAMethods: Forty-five patients with reactive arthritis, they were 22(48.89%) males and 23(51.11%) females, the age range was 20 - 40 year with mean (33.6). All patients were outpatient visitor or hospitalized in city hospital in Baghdad over the period of study.They were diagnosed clinically by consultant rheumatologist, as well as some laboratory tests such as RF, CRP and E S R. The patients should be sero-negative (RF-negative) and fulfill Amor and European Criteria (1), to be included in this study , patients were classified according to disease activity in to three group severe, moderate and mild by using (DAREA score)(2),the majority of patients 19 (42.22%) presented with high disease activity (severe) and 15(33.33%) patients were moderate and the remainder were mild disease group consist of (11) patients (24.44%).Thirty age and sex matched apparently healthy individual, were considered in this study as a control group. Wells were coated with antigens (OMPs and LPS of Salmonella) in coating buffer and anti-OMPs and anti- LPS antibodies were assayed using ELISA technique.Results: The mean age of patients was (33.6) years and there were 23 females and 22 males with females to male ratio 1.05:1, the majority of patients 19 (42.22%) present with high disease activity (severe) and 15 (33.33%) patients were moderate and the remainder were mild disease group. Three classes of antibodies to OMPs and LPS antigens were studied by ELISA. Positive responses to OMPs and LPS in serum of patients were detected and the major antigenic target in Salmonella â€“induced ReA was LPS and the main antibodies were IgG anti-LPS. Also there was no significant difference between severe, moderate and mild among ReA patients.Conclusion: We concluded that LPS were the main bacterial antigens that triggered enteric ReA in this study, and determining the triggering bacterial components can help elucidate the precise causes of ReA and will contribute to the designing of a specific serological diagnostic method for this arthritis.
Low Level Laser Therapy In Treatment Of Tinnitus
Authors: A. Mahboba Saad
Published: January 2024

Many studies have been conducted regarding using low power laser in treating patients suffering from tinnitus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of 2Watt laser irradiation in the treatment of tinnitus(subjective tinnitus of sensor- neural in origin). A new procedure is used in this study by selecting 19 patients suffering from tinnitus who have not responded to medical therapy for a long period of time. Those treated by low level laser therapy have the irradiation toward cochlea,27 ears in 19 patients with unilateral or bilateral tinnitus , 2 Watt laser with wavelength of 790- 805 nm is applied toward cochlea for 7.5 minuets three times per week . A questionnaire is administered by asking patients to score their symptoms on a percentage scale before and after laser irradiation. A decrease of one scale regarding the loudness, duration of tinnitus and degree of annoyance of tinnitus is accepted to represent any improvement.The results are estimated by the change of loudness, duration and degree of annoyance due to tinnitus.57.8%of patients have demonstrated improvement in their tinnitus. It is concluded that laser therapy seemed to be worth trying on patients with intractable tinnitus.
The use of fimA gene primers for detection of Salmonella spp. isolated from children with diarrhea
Authors: Abdel-Kadhim Jawad Alaa , Hamad  AL-Hamadani Adnan , N. Al-Hajia Nasma , Rassul Hussain Al-Salih Aws
Published: January 2024

A total of 480 fecal samples were collected from children (less than 3 years old) , of both sexes suffering from diarrhea who admitted to The Teaching Hospital of Maternity and Pediatrics in Al- Diwaniya governorate. Salmonella spp. were isolated and identified using bacterial culturing on selective media, in addition to, biochemical and Mini API 20E. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect fimA gene encoding for biosynthesis of fimA of Salmonella spp.   The results revealed that the rate of Salmonella isolates in fecal samples of patients were (38/480) 7.9% using cultural and MiniAPI20 E, when the PCR technique was used to detect the presence of fimA gene,34Salmonella isolates belong to Salmonellaspp. appeared to contain this gene since DNA amplification showed onedistinct band (size 85 bp) when electrophorised on agarose gel. The results of this study revealed that the PCR technique had a high specifity (100%) in detection of Salmonella spp. in comparison to cultural and biochemical and Mini API20E tests.
A Study of Immunological and Clinical Effects of allergen immunotherapy on patients with allergic rhinitis in Babylon Province
Authors: H. Al-Turaihy Safaa , H. Abbas Amjed
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to assess the effects of allergen immunotherapy (AI) on patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Babylon Province. Allergen immunotherapy involved exposing a patient to gradually increasing doses of specific allergens with the intention of decreasing allergic and inflammatory response, ultimately leading to a sustained decrease in allergic symptoms. A build-up phase (once weekly injections for three months) was followed by a maintenance phase (once monthly injections) that generally continued for 3-5 years. The effects of allergen immunotherapy were assessed at 0 time, 3 months, and 6 months on 45 the patients with positive skin test to house dust mite and pollen as immunotherapy group (IT group) and the effects were compared to 30 patients as control group who remained on pharmacotherapy. The changes caused by AI were assessed by symptoms and medications (drugs) use scores, measurement of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G ( IgG), and side effects score . The study showed that the percentage of sensitivity to house dust mite, pollen, and mixed sensitivity (house dust mite and pollen) were 67% , 20%, and 13% from cases respectively. The mean levels of total IgE was significantly decreased in the IT group as compared to the control group. Also, there was a significant increase in the mean levels of total IgG between the IT and control group (pâ‰¤0.05).In addition, the study revealed marked but nonsignificant reduction in symptoms and medications use score in the IT group with the progression of treatment while less reduction in the control group. The study also demonstrated that the IT is a safe procedure and the complications in this study was not significant. The mean score of side-effects was 0.3.
The Degree Of Bother Of Nocturea On Quality Of Life In A Group From Al-Diwaniya Population
Authors: Hamdan AlKinany Ali , Hameed Neema Muntather , Mehdy Ali Falah , AbdulAmeer Alwan Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Background: Nocturia is common and disrupts sleep. Traditionally, one nightly episode has been regarded as clinically meaningless.Objective: To evaluate the bothersome effect of nocturia on health related quality of life (HRQoL) in a group from Al-Diwaniya population.Patients and methods: In 2006â€“2008, a survey was made on a random sample of 600 patients aged 18â€“79 yr who were identifiedfrom Al-Diwaniya teaching hospital, proportion was 62% males and 38% were females).Measurements: bother from nocturia on QoL were examined in relation to self-reported nocturia frequency (using the American Urological Association Symptom Score). Bother from nocturia was assessed on a four-point scale (none, small, moderate, major). Results and limitations: Degree of bother increased with nocturia frequency (p < 0.01). The most commonly cited degree of bother forthose with one, two, and three nightly voids was no bother, small bother, and moderate bother, respectively.Conclusions: At least two voids per night are bothersome and associated with impaired HRQoL. The majority of people report having bothered when the number of nocturia episodes is two and moderate or major bother when the number is three or more. One void per night does not identify subjects with interference from nocturia and, thus, is not a suitable criterion for clinically relevant nocturia.
The effect of green tea and Hibiscus sabdraffira aqueous extract on some immunologic aspect in lab animals
Authors: AL- Thahab Azhar
Published: January 2024

In this study compare between the effect of aqueous extract of green tea and Hibiscus sabdroffira on some immunological parameters in vivo . Five ml of watery extract of these was given in animal orally for three weeks after five weeks animals were killed and pieces of intestinal tract was collected to study local immunity .Green tea extract was shown higher significant at P â‰¥0.005 in stimulation systemic and mucosal antibodies than Hibiscus extract . Hibiscus sabdroffira was shown increase in total protein and secretory immunoglobulins .Two plants were show effect on cellular immunity by increasing LIF mucosally but not systemically.
Histopathological study for changes that caused by the administration chloramphenicol on the male local rabbits
Authors: K.Abbas Emad , R.Kueat AbedAljabar
Published: January 2024

This study shows the effect of chloramphicol drug on liver and kidney tissues in male rabbits. We used eight animals for each group . The first group used as a control by using physiological saline( 0.9%) concentration . The second group were taken the drug( 250 mg) for sixteen days. Biopsy were taken from the animals to examine their tissues histopathologically. Results were seen in liver tissues in the form of bleeding . cellular infiltration and necrosis .kidney tissues also reveal pathological changes like congestion and necrosis.
Noise induced hearing loss in textil factory and dental labrotory
Authors: Tahr Ali Runak , Abdulrazzaq Fatah Nabil , Fathullah Hasan Fatehiya
Published: January 2024

In order to provide a standard reference of noise induced hearing loss for Kurdistan population in Erbil city from textile factory & dental laboratory, a hearing loss survey was conducted on 125 sample of different ages and both sex .The hearing threshold of air conduction and bone conduction was measured over a frequency range from 250 Hz to 8 KHz under standard condition. Audiometric test was performed for the selected sample in a sound proof room, type (IAC). A pure tone manually operated Vienna tone type (Operating instruction MA 53), equipped with TDH 39 earphone mounted in Maico diagnostic GmbH. We faced in our ENT. practice patients complained of sensori -neural deafness especially in high frequency range they are working in differentnoisy places. In this study we selected our sample in the textile factory as its so noisy factory and so many adults persons working in it. Aiming to detect the incidence and the degree of deafness and any possible protective measures necessary available to prevent deafness and to determine the prevalence of hearing problems among dental personal. The results of data indicate that statistically there is no significant difference between the hearing thresholds of the right and left ears at all frequency . It is found the mean threshold of the exposed subjects was still significantly worse than that of the non -exposed subjects at all frequencies tested for the exposed subjects aged >20 and <40 year .while for the older group (40 -49 ) year, it was worse at the frequency 4 KHz . The results showed that there was no interaction between the noise - exposure and the age affect at any of the six frequencies tested .The effect of noise on hearing was statistically significant. This mean that at every frequency tested, the exposed subjects had worse measuredhearing threshold values than the non exposed subjects.
Arthroscopic partial meniscectoy( Short term clinical result)
Authors: Alzubady Ihssan
Published: January 2024

A Prospective clinical study , done in the orthopedic department of Aldiwanyia teaching hospital in the last year after introduction of arthroscopy in our hospital, including 30 patients with isolated traumatic meniscus injury , all of them are male, mean age was (27.5)year. All patients were under clinical assessment and MRI examination prior to the surgery to exclude other intra-articular lesion (cruciate ligaments injury or cartilage damage). Surgery done for them, which including diagnostic arthroscopy to confirm the diagnosis and then, partial arthroscopic meniscectomy done( 19 patients, medial partial meniscectomy. 11 patients, lateral partial meniscectomy). Each knee was classified 3 months after surgery as excellent, good, fair and poor result using criteria based on Hoover classification. There were 16 patients with excellent result (53.3%), 8 patients with good result(26.6%), 3 patients with fair result (10%),and 3 patients with poor result(1o%). From overall results, we conclude that, that, our arthroscopic partial meniscectomy gives comparable results with the same surgery done outside our country, on short term follow up.
Knowledge and awareness towards Swine Flu pandemic among a sample of paramedicals serving in primary health care centers in Baghdad
Authors: Fathalla Thabit Maral
Published: January 2024

Swine Flu is a respiratory illness of pigs caused by type A H1N1 influenza viruses that cause regular outbreaks in pigs, while Swine Flu viruses normally do not infect human, the disease that has spread lastly to human, is a version of this virus, it was first identified in Mexico at April 2009,people have full resistance against it, so a cross-sectional study was conducted on 126 randomly selected paramedicals serving in ten different PHCCs in Baghdad, to find out their knowledge and awareness towards Swine Flu. Data was collected by using previously structured questionnaires including 23 statements concerning the knowledge of disease, data was statistically analyzed by using simple binomial tests. The results show that the majority of correct premedicalâ€™s responses regarding disease definition(98.4%),spread of viruses between people through coughing or sneezing(97.6%),disease symptomatology similar to seasonal influenza (91.2%), immune suppressed people are more vulnerable to death(91.2%), different economic hazards(95.2%),prevention of disease through covering mouth and nose during coughing or sneezing(97.6%), only some disappointing responses regarding previous disease pandemics(35.%), circulation of the virus in humans, pigs and birds(42. 8%),no airborne infection between infected pigs (20.6%) and there are multiple vaccines given to pigs and not to human(19%).Conclusion: An overall acceptable level of paramedicas knowledge and awareness regarding Swine Flu. Recommendation was suggested for additional training and educational programmes as intensive courses for short periods with all available methods.
The pattern of skin diseases in Karbala city: A retrospective study
Authors: Tariq Abd Al Hassan Ali
Published: January 2024

Background: Knowing the patterns of skin diseases is a vital step in the education of primary health care physicians and in planning curriculum for teaching medical students.Moreover, these types of studies are necessary to provide adequate therapeutic services to those suffering from these diseases.Objective: To determine the characteristic pattern of various skin disorders for all the patients who visited the dermatology outpatient clinic at Al Husseiny Teaching Hospital, in Karbala City. Patients and methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted in order to describe the skin diseases patterns. The medical records of patients attending the dermatology outpatient clinic from January 2009 to January 2010 were reviewed. Diagnosis was mainly based on clinical findings, but supplemented by further investigations when needed.Results: A total of 4169 patients were seen during this period and theages ranged from4 days to 85 years. They represent 30 .4 % of the total patients visitedthe outpatient clinics at our hospital .There were 2267 (54.4%) males and 1902(45.62%) females giving a male: female ratio of 1.2:1. The highest number of people in this series was between the ranges 5-35 years of age making 61.4% of the total. The top six skin diseases were eczema/ dermatitis (28%), viral infections (20.5%), Bacterial infections (13.7%), parasitic diseases (10.8%), Acne vulgaris (7.02%) and Urticaria (6.23%).The major disorder in males and female was eczema/ dermatitis (15.3 %) and (12.7%) respectivelyConclusions: Our results showed that eczema/dermatitis, is the most common disease in both male and female followed by infection especially viral infection and parasitic disease in our region. Emphasis should be placed on this group of common skin diseases at all levels of health care system and should implement appropriate training programs for diagnosis and management to decrease referrals to dermatology clinics.
Protoscolicidal effects of ferulic acid on viability of protoscolices of hydatid cyst: In vitro study
Authors: N. Alshemary Maani , I. Mohammed Bassim , I. Felaih Haider
Published: January 2024

Ferulic acid is one of phenolic compounds derivatives that reported to be a successful antimicrobial agent. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Ferulic acid solution on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolises. To evaluate the effects of various concentrations of Ferulic acid, 126 samples of live protoscolices of hydatid cyst were exposed to 10, 20 and 30 mg/ml concentration of Ferulic acid and 50% hypertonic glucose solutions as a positive control and 30% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a control and solvent. The protoscolicidal effect evaluated after 1, 3 and 7 minute, the protoscolicidal effects were determined by 0.1% eosin (eosin exclusion test), in this test protoscolices viability determined depending on the change in protoscolices green color to red after dye. A 30 mg/ml of Ferulic acid revealed perfect protoscolicidal effect (100% fatality rate) in 7 minute post treatment wile 50% hypertonic glucose made a significant decrease in protoscolices viability (94% fatality rate) in the same duration of exposure. The results showed that Ferulic acid solution is highly effective in killing protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro.
Effect of licorice extract on lipid profile in hypercholestermic male rabbits
Authors: S. Alwash Yamama , A.Latif A. Razzak , J.Al-Bayati Nisreen
Published: January 2024

Atherosclerosis is degeneration, hardening and loss of elasticity ,it includes accumulation of lipid, inflammatory cells, and fibrous tissue in the intima, which causes intimal thickening of large and mid-sized arteries. Oxidative stress plays a major role in initiation, propagation and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. Glycyrrhiza glabra is an herb of Fabacea family which contain hypolipidemic compounds and flavonoids with high antioxidative properties. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on blood lipids and atherosclerosis in rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet.Results show that Glycyrrhiza glabra significantly decrease total cholesterol (TC), low- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels with increase in high- density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), also it significantly decreases MDA level and increases serum GSH level. Hence Glycyrrhiza glabra extract has hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect.
Determination of EEG for smell sensitive brainâ€™s areas by using chemical stimulators
Authors: S.Younis Abdulridha , H.Ramadhan Shireen
Published: January 2024

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a unique and valuable measure of the brainâ€™s electrical functions. It is a graphic display of a difference in voltages from two sites of brain function recorded over time. Physical, chemical and mechanical stimulators appear as wave frequency, action potential amplitude changes which are reaching different areas in the brain. Each area is responsible to record a certain type of stimulator whether it is chemical that is received by smelling, and test senses, physical stimulator by hearing, , and vision senses, or touching stimulator. This research is concentrated on the determination of the most sensitive areas (the correct channels of electrodes placement system) of the brain that are responsible to receive the highest chemical stimulation due to the action of Lavender perfume stimulator (Lavender perfume with concentration of 50 % ), for normal males and females subjects for smelling sense. Ten males and the same numbers of females all subjects selected within the age range between (25- 30) years old. It has been found that T3 and T4 are the best channels connections for smelling sense for both male and female, and that the mean relative action potential (The ratio of action potential amplitude after to that before exposure of perfume stimulation) for males are higher than that for females, these results reflect that males are more sensitive than females in this type of perfume and may be it is not in other type, and the mean relative action potential amplitude for the channels T3, T4, T5, T6, P3, and P4 are 2.05, 1.80, 1.12, 1.20, 1.10, and 1.10 for males and 1.96, 1.76, 1.12, 1.11, 1.09, 1.09 for females respectively.
A comparison study of saliva content before and after menopause
Authors: Abass Jabir Ferdous , Abass Frhan Buthena , Abd-Alazez Shaima
Published: January 2024

Background:- In recent year saliva test is used instead of blood test in many medical fields for being more accurate and not invasive, for example it is used for evaluation of the benefit of using hormonal replacement therapy as treatment in post menopausal women.Objective:- As relatively little is known about the effect of age on salivary composition, the aim of this study is to compare between saliva content before and after menopause for some of biochemical markers which are used for diagnosis ofmany medical condition and risk groups.Methods :- Sixty-eight female were participate in this study, divided for two groups the first group consist of thirty-four female in premenopausal age and another thirty-four female represent the second group postmenopausal. Salivary samples were taken to assess urea level, glucose level, uric acid and cholesterol levels.

Results:- The results shows that urea level along with cholesterol levelwere significantly higher in postmenopausal women (P<0.01) while uric acid and glucose shows no significant difference (P>0.01).
Effects of Phenolic Compound on the Viability of Leishmania tropica promastigotes: A comparative in vitro study
Authors: N. AlShammary Maani , H. Abdul Mageed Roaa , I. Mohamad Bassim
Published: January 2024

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Caffeic acid against the viability of Leishmania tropica promastigotes in vitro. The result showed that Caffeic acid had a fatal effect on the viability of Leishmania tropica promastigotes with the use of different concentrations leading to a gradual decreasing of living promastigotes number with the increase of Caffeic acid concentration. The mean parasiticidal effect of Caffeic acid was (24Ã—104, 30Ã—104, 38Ã—104, 44Ã—104, 53Ã—104) promastigote /ml at concentrations (10, 15, 20, 25, 30) mg/ml respectively after three days of incubation. It can be concluded that Caffeic acid posses a cidal effect on the Leishmania tropica promastigotes in vitro." P < 0.01 ".
The Value of Routine Scrotal Color Doppler Ultrasonography in the infertile male
Authors: M. AL-Aridy Hayder , Q . AL-Mosawi Hayder , Abd Aun Hayder
Published: January 2024

Clinical assessment of scrotal contents in patients with infertility has relied mainly on physical examination.Color Doppler ultrasonography (US) is generally not performed as a routine examination. However, physical examination might miss many abnormalities readily detected by US, including testicular tumor and testicular microlithiasis (TM). We assessed the value of scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography as a routine examination in infertile men compared with findings by physical examination. Scrotal Color Doppler ultrasonography was performed in 314 infertile men with a mean age of (25Â±5.4) years to detect intrascrotal abnormalities. Findings were compared with those of physical examination. Intrascrotal abnormalities were detected by ultrasonography in 86.6% of patients. Of 374 abnormalities, 31% were undetected by physical examination. Left varicocele was found in 234 patients (74%); testicular microlithiasis in 10 (3.1%);epididymal cyst in 23 (7.3%); right varicocele in 7(2.2%); and testicular cysts in 2 (0.6%). One occurrence (0.3%) was found for testicular tumor, hypoechoic small testicles in 11(3.2%), and hydrocele in 45(14.3%).Compared to ultrasonography, sensitivity in detecting left varicocele by physical examination was 77%. Sensitivity of physical examination in detecting left varicocele compared with to US was decreased as grade of left varicocele decreased. The routine Color Doppler ultrasonography is valuable for diagnosing scrotal abnormalities in infertile men,frequently detecting non-palpable lesions that were missed by physical examination.
Amblyopia Therapy in Older Children
Authors: Majied Hamied Furkaan
Published: January 2024

Amblyopia (lazy eye) is a common problem affecting 1-5% of children, it is a unilateral or bilateral reduction of best corrected visual acuity that cannot be attributed directly to any structural abnormality of the eye or the posterior visual pathway. A prospective study of tow years done on thirty child all of them older than seven years age presented with uni or bilateral amlyopia; visual acuity, ocular motility, Hurshberg taste, slit lump biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, and cycloplegic refraction, treatment with correction of the refractive error, full time occlusion, part time occlusion, and penalization according to the severity. Most of children gets an improvement in there visual acuity Most of new studies in amblyopia in agreement with our results, while the old opinion limiting the critical period at 6-7 years old. So we should try for treatment of amblyopia in older children while giving a full explanation to the child's family about the poorer results of treatment, for medico legal purposes.
Determination of guanase activity in patients with prolonged treatment with simvastatin
Authors: Hassan kathem Sawsan
Published: January 2024

In this study, 28 patients suffering from hyperlipidemia who were on simvastatin ,were included for determination serum guanase activity. Guanase activity was observed at high level in those patients (n = 16) who were on prolonged treatment with simvastatin (more than 30 days) but its activity remained within normal when simvastation was administrated at interrupted intervals . The results were compared with two control groups the first (n=10) with hyperlipidemia but with no simvastatin and the second (n=10) was normal individuals with no history of hyperlipidemia. However, guanase activity was found to be normal in both control groups .

Besides, this study was found that alkaline phosphatase was also increased in some patients , However , guanase activity was observed earlier than alkaline phosphatase which have suggested that simvastatine could cause liver injuries when used for a long time . This study is the first study conducted to predict liver injuries as a result of simvastatin through guanase elevation .
Study of lipid profile alteration in the patients infected with Giardia lamblia and compare the results with healthy individuals
Authors: N. Al-Shamari Ma'ani , M. Jabir Dhuha
Published: January 2024

This study was include collection of 40 stool samples from people were suffer from steatorrhea and the genral stool examination for these stool samples showed the presence of the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia the etiologic agent of giardiasis . Blood samples were collected from 60 individual 40 of them were the infected with Giardia lamblia patients and the other 20 were healthy and used as control ,then the serum was obtained from all blood samples in the field of the study and the estimation of total (Cholesterol ,Triglyceride ,High density lipoproteins, Low density lipoproteins and Very low density lipoproteins )was done . the result showed that the cholesterol levels were decreased in giardiasis patients while the other types of lipids were normal in the same patients because Giardia lamblia consumed the cholesterol of the host in the bio synthesis of the cell . because the parasite is unable to synthesize cholesterol by itself.
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Hospital Pseudomonas spp
Authors: Hamad Al-Hamdani Adnan , Mojer Al-Shamsi Mohammad , Noah Sheet Mohammad
Published: January 2024

The study was designed for isolation and identification of Pseudomonas spp. from neonatal nosocomial infections, from Three Teaching Hospitals of Maternity and Pediatrics in Al-Mosul city. The total collected samples were 288,which included clinical(134samples collected from preterm and full-term neonates who less one year of age ) and environmental samples(154)from anuary 2011 till end July 2011, in order to evaluate the classical laboratory diagnostic procedures for diagnosis of Pseudomonas isolates and compared them with molecular technique on the basis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Pseudomonas spp. has been isolated and identified by using cultural method, biochemical tests and Mini API 20NE system as confirmative test. On the other hand, PCR technique was utilized to detected 16SrRNA gene as a house keeping gene, specific for diagnosis of Pseudomonas spp. The present study showed that the isolation percent of Pseudomonas spp. from clinical samples was 17/30 (18.8%)and 30/111(27%) from environmental samples, whereas the PCR results showed that there were high specificity (100%) in detection of Pseudomonas spp. versus each of cultural, biochemical and Mini API 20NE system
Direct detection of Mycoplasma species from male with sterile Pyuria by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: H. S. Al-Azawi Ibtisam
Published: January 2024

To determine the percent of occurrence of Mycoplasma spp. in sterile pyuria and the evaluation of e-Myco PCR as rapid and sensitive technique for identification. Sterile pyuria urine samples collected from 55 patients attending to Al Diwania Teaching Hospital and different private laboratories in Al-Diwania province were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of Mycoplasma spp. by a new kit called e-Myco in addition to 20 healthy individual as control group. In the present study the ages of patients with sterile pyuria were (20-57) year old and the age group (20-30 years) recorded the highest incidence of sterile pyuria 31/55 (56.37%). From total 55 sterile pyuria patients 21 (38%) patients were positive for Mycoplasma spp. by direct detection by PCR with significant difference (P<0.05). On the other hand 7/21( 12.7% ) patients were with recurrent urinary tract infection, 4/11 (7.2%) patients with primary and secondary infertility, in 3/3 (5.5%) patients with urinary bladder cancer, in 3/6 (5.5%) patients with chronic prostitis and 4/14 (7.2%) in non complications patients were positive for Mycoplasma spp. PCR assay provide a rapid and effective measure to detect Mycoplasma spp. in sterile pyuria. The incidence of sterile pyuria decrease with progress in age.
The effect of some factors (age group of mother, new borne gender year months) on the congenital malformation percent of new borns in Al-Zahra Hospital for obstatric and pediatric / Najaf goverement
Authors: Ismeal Nasser Noor , Ali Salman Rokaya , Sallal Mohammed Abdul hadi
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted on specimen (402) of new born congital malformations during years (2009,2010,2011) in al-Zahra hospital of obstatric / Al-Najaf , for determine the relation-ship among (age group of mother ,new borne gender, and year months ) with malformation percent. The present study was revealed that the age group (22-26) year which more percentage of malformation , was (%38) in year 2009. (%31.6) in year 2010 , and (%29.4) in year 2011. The total of congenital malformations of new borns for three (years 2009, 2010, 2011) were (105 ,117, 180) case at respectively. The high percent (%19)of malformations appeared during year 2009 was congenital hydrocephalus, in the period year 2010, the high percent of malformation (%27) was Microcephallus, while the cardiovascular malformation were high percent in year 2011, that reached to (%40.5). The effect of new borne gender on the malformations percent was biostatical significant for year 2011 in the males (%59.5) when compared with female (%40.5), while in year 2010 the percent in female (%57.5). The high malformation percent (%10.2, %13.8) were appeared in the March and April in year 2010 and 2011. while the high percent of malformation (%14.2) was in year 2009 during December period.
A descriptive study of toenail and fingernail Onychomycosis in Al-Diwanyia city
Authors: K. Mohammed Heiam
Published: January 2024

A total of 44 clinical cases which clinically diagnosed as onychomycosis of those patients whom admitted the consult of dermatology and venereal diseases in AL-Diwanyia Teaching Hospital at the period from August- 2010 to June 2011.Nial clipping samples were taken from both gender and different ages to examine directly by KOH smear preparation and /or culturing on sabourauds Dextrose agar to isolate and identify the etiological agent .The results revealed that moulds ( Aspergillus spp.) constitute( 95.46%) and yeast ( Candida albicans ) (4.64%) as etiological agent of onychomycosis.According to age, the isolation percent was high (79.54%) in ages (30-40)years old and lowest(6.82%) in ages (50-60) years old,while in females,th percent of isolation was (45.46%) and males (54.54%). The MIC values of ketoconazole,griseofluvin and nystatin were determined for fungal isolates and ranged(1.2-4.12mg/ml) for ketoconazole,(2.6 62.5mg/ml) for griseofluvin and (1.2- 15.75mg/ml) for nystatin.In addition to that , the toenails was the most infected (79%) than the fingr nails (21%).
Prevalence of hepatitis c infection among multitransfused thalassemia major patients in ibn-albalady center of thalassemia
Authors: Jasem Albahadle Abdul karem , Abdul Abass Areege , Hussein Ali Ali
Published: January 2024

Back ground : Beta thalassemia major occurs in the Mediterranean littoral ,characterized by chronic heterolysis and frequent blood transfusion which carry a lot of complication like viral hepatitisObjective: To evaluate the prevalence of Hepatitis C infection among multitransfused thalassemia major patients.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 206 thalassemia major patients referred to the IBN-ALBALADY Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy from May to September 2011,data about age,sex,number of blood transfusion ,history of splenectomy and result of serological viral markers for anti HCV antibody, HBsAg and anti HIV antibody were obtained from the patient files at the hospital. The result were analyzed using Chisquared distribute to obtain the p-value.Results: Out of 206 patients, 99 (48.1%) were male and 107 (51.9%) were female.Forty one(19.9%) were seroposative for hepatitis C infection.Forty six patients were < 5 years tow(4.3%) of them were positive , 77 between 5-10 years,16 (20.8% )of them were infected and 83 above 10 years of age23(27.7%) of them were infected . Thirty three (16%) were received < 30 times blood transfusion only one(3%) of them get the infection, while 173 (84%) received â‰¥ 30 times40 (23.1%)of them get infecton . Fifty seven patients (27.7%) had already undergone splenectomy 11(19.3%) of them get the infection, while30(20.1%) of 149 patients without splenectomy get the infection.Conclusion: multi transfused thalassemic patients are at a risk for HCV infection. Thus routine screening using more accurate technique is necessary in order to prevent viral infection.
Acute Meningitis in Children:Clinical and Laboratory Profiles
Authors: Nadhim Abd Haider
Published: January 2024

Background: Meningitis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children around the world . Early diagnosis and treatment are the most important way in prevention of the complications.Objective: To estimate the frequency and types of meningitis, to describe various clinical and laboratory parameters, and to analyze mortality and early complications of childhood meningitis. Patients and methods: One hundred Children aged 1 month-15 years admitted to AL-Zahra Teaching Hospital in Wassit, with clinical suspicion of meningitis during the period from 1st January 2009 to 1st January 2010 were included in this study. They were subjected to clinical examination , blood tests and cerebrospinal fluid tests (CSF) which include: biochemical, bacteriological, and serological tests.Results: Thirty of the patients had bacterial meningitis, 34% had viral meningitis, 36% had partially treated bacterial meningitis. Majority of the patients admitted in January and February. Fever was the most common presenting symptom (94%) , followed by vomiting in 64%, poor feeding or appetite in 65%. Irritability and bulging fontanel were the main signs in those children below one year. Neck stiffness and positive kernig sign were the main signs in children above one year. The results of Cerebrospinal fluid studies in patients with bacterial meningitis were as following : (gram stain was positive in 18 (60%) patients, culture was positive in 22 (73%) patients, C-reactive protein (CRP) was positive in 23 (77%) patients). Serum C-reactive protein was positive in 16 (53%) patients with bacterial meningitis. Haemophilus influenza (H.influenza) was the main causative agent of bacterial meningitis. The main complication was recurrent convulsion (27% of bacterial meningitis,8% of viral meningitis, 5% of partially treated bacterial meningitis).Two cases required admission to intensive care unit. The overall mortality rate was 8%.Conclusion: H. influenza type B is the leading causative agent of bacterial meningitis. Fever was the most common presenting signs , recurrent convulsion was the most frequent complication in all age groups and in all types of meningitis. Positive C- reactive protein in the Serum and CSF was mainly found in patients with bacterial meningitis.
Phenotypic detection of extended â€“spectrum betalactamase production in Proteus. mirabilis isolation from Patients with Significant Bacteriuria in Najaf provina
Authors: Aleiwi Hussein Ahmad
Published: January 2024

250 mid-stream urine samples were collected from patients suspected of urinary tract infection (UTI) who were attended to Three hospitals (Medical Al-Sader City, Al-Hakeem, and Al-Zahra Maternity and Children) in Najaf provina during the period of October 2011 to January 2012 and screened for the presence of Proteus mirablis .The growth of â‰¥105 colony forming units/ml was considered as significant bacteriuria.

A total of 198 (79.2%) significant bacteriuria were detected. The study showed higher incidence of UTI in females 129 (65.2%)than males 69 (34.8% )However , 52 (26.3%) isolates of Proteus mirabilis , 146 (73.7%) isolates other species pathogens. The 52 isolates of Proteus mirabilis were tested for their antibiotic resistance against 11 antibiotics by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. All the isolates were found to be resistant to at least 5 antibiotics to which they were subjected. Therefore, all these isolates were considered to be multidrug resistant. The majority 39 (75.0%) isolates of Proteus mirabilis were able to produce Î²-lactamase enzymes with rapid iodometric method. All isolates of Proteus mirabilis were tested for their ability to produce Extended-spectrum Î²-lactamase . The result showed that 18 (34.6%) isolates were able to produce ESBLs.
Effectivness of 10% povidone iodine as ascolicidal agent in hydatid cyst surgery in compared with other scolicidal agents
Authors: Nayyef Assi Ali
Published: January 2024

Hydatid disease or Echinococcal disease, is a parasitic disease that affects both humans and other mammals such as sheep, dogs, rodents and horses.[1] There are three different forms of Echinococcosis found in humans, each of which is caused by the larval stages of different species of the tapeworm of genus Echinococcus[1].This study was done in the AL-Husseinteaching hospital (AL-Nassiyria)during3 years (between 1st January 2004 to december2006) and follow up for5 years,120 patients [70 females and 50 males] ages range between 12years to 56years presented withhydatid cyst in the liver only we concentrate on the hydatid cyst of liver( un complicated cases) confirm the diagnosis by U/S and CTscan ,and after surgery follow upalso by U/S and CTscan for 5 years. Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is a stable chemical complex of polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone, PVP) and elemental iodine. It contains from 9.0% to 12.0% available iodine, calculated on a dry basis.[1]To evaluate effectiveness of 10% povidone iodine as ascolicidal agent in liver hydatid cystsurgery in compare with hypertonic salinesolution and alcohol,povidone iodine have a better effect as a scolisidal effect because(1)there'sa lowerrecurrencerate during 5 years post operativlyfollow up (2) there is little post operative complication related to the povidone iodine(3)mild direct effect on the liver cell during six months follow up postoperativelyaccording to the liver function tests results as compare with other scolicidal agents, so we can use povidone iodine10% in surgical operation for hydatid cyst as ascolicidal because it highly effective against the scolices,little intra or post operative effects on the liver cells , cheep and widely available.
Sublay versus onlay mesh repair of ventral hernia
Authors: Shani Aoda Furat , Sharif Ibrahim Alaa
Published: January 2024

Ventral hernias are commonly encountered in surgical practice. The estimated incidence of ventral hernia is 15-20%. Although a wide variety of surgical procedures have been adopted for the repair of incisional hernia, but the implantation of prosthetic mesh remains the most efficient method of dealing with ventral hernia. Our study is to evaluate the technique of preperitoneal (sublay) mesh repair of ventral hernias and compare it to onlay mesh repair. The prospective study was carried out in 102 patients of incisional and paraumblical hernia.52 patients were managed by onlay mesh repair and 50 patients were managed by sublay mesh repair.Observation in both groups were made with regards to duration and ease of operation, placement and duration of drainage, woundcomplications, hospital stay, and recurrence. Follow up every three month for 12-24 months was done . In onlay group drain was removed after 2-5 days except one patient with large incisional hernia drain was removed after 14 days .In sublay group drain was removed after 2-3 days. Post operative complications like seroma & wound infection were comparable in both groups. In sublay group Seroma formation was 2%(one patient only) . Wound infection was2% (one patient only).No septic mesh was removed in the series. In onlay group seroma formation was24%(12 patients) most of seroma occur in large incisional hernias repair, wound infection was 4% (2 patient s)and one septic mesh was removed. In sublay recurrence rate was 0%,in onlay recurrence rate was 2%(one patient).ConclusionSub lay mesh repair is associated with less chances of seroma formation and almost no recurrence with low post operative complication like infection and wound edge necrosis.