bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
46‐4: High Frame Rate Scanning Backlight System For Gaming PC Display with IGZO‐TFT Technology
Authors: Kobayashi Masamitsu , Miura Takafumi , Yamaguchi Noriaki , Miyata Hidekazu , Yashiki Masafumi , Masuda Junichi , Takase Kenji , Hara Yoshihito , Kikuchi Tetsuo , Imai Hajime
Published: June 2021

The rapid expansion of the gaming PC market in recent years has increased the demand for high frame rate display modules. Especially for laptops, the demand for thinner profiles and narrower borders also continues to be strong. We have developed an LCD module with a combination of a high frame rate LC panel based on IGZO‐TFT technology and a scanning backlight that enables high moving picture quality in a thin profile with narrow borders on three sides. The scanning backlight has fewer segmented areas. Nevertheless, our LCD achieves higher moving picture quality by using a fast response LC.
48‐2: Flipping‐free Light Field Mirage Using Multiple Light Field Displays
Authors: Momonoi Yoshiharu , Yamamoto Koya , Yokote Yoshihiro , Sato Atsushi , Takaki Yasuhiro
Published: June 2021

We have previously proposed the light field mirage which replaced the parabolic mirrors in Mirage with multiple flat‐panel light field displays. We propose two techniques to eliminate rays generating the flipping. The lower half display system was constructed to verify the proposed techniques.
50‐2: LED‐Based Next Generation Immersive Virtual Reality
Authors: Hergert Steffen , Bues Matthias , Riedel Oliver
Published: June 2021

Currently, head mounted displays are the most widely used variant of Virtual Reality (VR) systems. While offering reasonable quality at moderate prices, their inherent limitation is that they isolate users from their surroundings, especially other persons in the room. Immersive VR systems with large fixed screens, such as CAVEs and Powerwalls, remain the preferable technology when maximum quality and unencumbered interpersonal communication is required. However, the state‐of‐the‐art of this technology is limited to a single users' view, with the others only seeing a more or less distorted image. Moreover, they are mostly using on rear projection, with its inherent drawbacks on brightness, contrast, and space requirements.

In this paper we propose a novel multi‐viewer immersive VR system based on LED display technology, which will overcome these limitations, leading to a new quality of co‐located collaborative VR.
51‐3: Color Shifting in High Dynamic Range OLED Displays
Authors: Kam Kevin A. , Fan Wei , Kymissis Ioannis
Published: June 2021

Displaying High Dynamic Range (HDR) video on an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display aged for 1200 hours produced noticeable color shifting in the HDR mode playback. The experiment and measurements on commercial high end OLED panels from two different companies prove the damaging effect and introduces a proposed measurement system to quantify the color shift in aged OLED panels.
53‐3: Dynamic Crosstalk Measurement for Augmented Reality 3D Head‐Up Display (AR 3D HUD) with Eye Tracking
Authors: Kang Byongmin , Hwang Chansol , Yanusik Igor , Lee Hui-Jin , Lee Jun-Hwan , Lee Jin-Ho
Published: June 2021

We propose a single‐frame‐image‐, eye‐motion‐prediction‐based dynamic crosstalk measurement method for augmented reality 3D head‐up display application in fast‐moving cars. Consequently, we establish the criteria for 3D‐2D content conversion to avoid driver distraction. We quantify the driver movement speed threshold and propose a technique for seamless content conversion.
55‐3: Invited Paper: Flexible Hybrid Electronics Using Display Infrastructure
Authors: Lee Cheng-Chung , Chiu Steve , Lai Hsin-Cheng , Wang Terry , Cheng Shau-Fei , Yang Frank , Chen Heng-Yin
Published: June 2021

Flexible and stretchable circuit is the key element for the upcoming flexible hybrid electronics in addition to high performance silicon based active devices and passive components. The circuitry and structure design of the circuit carrier have to be able to withstand the stress and tolerate biometric signal variation induced by external force. These circuit carriers can be fabricated by use of the flexible display technologies and facilities. In this study, we integrated ICs, passive components and sensors to form a system upon flexible/plastic circuit carrier. Bendable and/or stretchable smart textiles and patches were successful demonstrated with the functionality of electromyography (EMG) and electrocardiography (ECG).
56‐6: A Wearable Self‐Driven Piezoelectric Sensor Enabling Real‐Time Blood Pressure Estimation
Authors: Qian Ying , Li Huimin , Li Anqi , Liu Xinghui , Wu Guoxian , Yu Weikang , Wang Kai
Published: June 2021

In this article, a flexible wearable impulse wave sensor that utilizes a polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) film‐type piezoelectric sensor and an a‐Si:H dual‐gate thin‐film transistor as a buffer is reported. Differing from passive sensors, this active sensor provides signal rectification and amplification, and accurately collect the impulse wave signals with detailed characteristic peaks. We then propose an effective blood pressure estimation neural network method to obtain the blood pressure and extract parameters that are comparable to those from the model with the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI).
57‐4: Invited Paper: Imperceptible Electronics for Digital Transformation
Authors: Sekitani Tsuyoshi
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses the R&D of cyber‐physical interfaces using large‐area, flexible electronics realized with printing technology. We successfully developed health monitoring systems for large‐scale infrastructures by combining this concept with advanced Si‐LSI and information processing technologies. This paper introduces a new digital social infrastructure through integrated processes, devices, circuits and systems, and information processing.
60‐4: A MicroLED Device with 0mm Border
Authors: Lou Tenggang , Yao Lu , Wang Lei , Kong Xiangjian , Liu Jine , Qin Feng
Published: June 2021

We have developed a 7.5 inch micro LED device based on LTPS, the resolution is 320RGB × 240. The VSR driving circuits, demux circuits, ESD circuits were well‐distributed in AA combining with side bonding process, finally, we produced a 0mm border micro LED device. The VSR signal, PVDD and PVEE signal were well placed in panel in order to reduce the mura problem. We saved some extra space for edging to narrow border to negative value by adjusting AA circumference devices. Then the micro LED panel can be Seamless splicing while the pixel pitch seems continuous in spite of the Seam. Due to seamless splicing and the borderless features, we can assemble various size and resolution devices. The micro LED size is 85µm × 150µm and the luminance can reach beyond 600nit.
60‐5: Invited Paper: Display Technology Responds to COVID‐19 Challenges
Authors: Stevenson Matthew , Laleyan David , Mi Zetian , Coe-Sullivan Seth
Published: June 2021

We demonstrate the use of Nitride semiconductors as the light emitting layer in a series of devices, from Visible emitting LEDs, to far‐UVC LEDs and novel light emitting devices.
61‐3: Investigation of AlGaN‐Based Deep‐UV MicroLED as Highly Efficient Excitation Source for Green Perovskite Quantum‐Dot Display
Authors: Feng Feng , Zhang Ke , Liu Yibo , Chan Ka-Wah , Liu Zhaojun , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: June 2021

Displays based on inorganic micro light‐emitting diodes (MicroLED) are highly anticipated for the next‐generation display technologies. Deep‐UV Micro‐LED as the excitation source for green perovskite quantum dots display with high efficiency is demonstrated in this paper. Deep‐UV Micro‐LEDs were fabricated in different device sizes and lighted‐up on a green perovskite quantum dot film. The peak wavelength of Deep‐UV light shows a blue shift with the increasing current density. The light output intensity of a 300 × 200 ‐ pixel Deep‐UV Micro‐LED array with each pixel. size of 30×30 µm2 is shown in the distribution map.
62‐1: High‐Resolution Quantum‐Dot Photoresist for Full‐Color µ‐LED Microdisplays
Authors: Chen Chih-Jung , Chen Kuan-An , Chiang Ray-Kuang
Published: June 2021

Thick‐shell quantum dots (QDs) with high mass absorption of 450 nm blue light (absorbance >1.5 for green QD and absorbance > 2.0 for red QD at concentration of 1 mg QD/1 mL solvent) have been adopted to formulate high resolution QD photoresist (QDPR), which can achieve color gamut higher than 90% BT.2020 coverage at film feature resolution of 5 µm and thickness less than 2 µm. The thermal stability and photostability of the QD color converter films were tested to evaluate for the feasibility of applications in color converters for full‐color µ‐LED microdisplays.
63‐1: Invited Paper: High Performance Top Emission Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Hou Wenjun , Xu Wei , Yan Yiran , Liu Wenyong , Wu Longjia , Lu Zizhe , Zhou Likuan , Yang Yixing , Yan Xiaolin
Published: June 2021

Quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QLED) is expected to be a promising technology for the next generation display due to the unique advantages of quantum dots (QDs) materials. Great progress of QLEDs has been implemented by material synthetic optimizations and device fabrication improvements to meet commercial applications, including efficiency and lifetime. Meanwhile, high performance QLEDs were developed by the well‐controlling of the cavity length, which will accelerate the mass production of QLEDs display.
64‐2: ELQD Performance Modeling
Authors: Mlejnek Michal , Han Songfeng , Xun May , Kanehiro Masayuki , Nakanishi Yohei , Koyama Yoshitaka , Ishida Takeshi
Published: June 2021

An optimized top emitting (TE) electroluminescent quantum dot (ELQD) LED device design is achieved using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulation by allowing the thicknesses for QD Emission layer (EML) and an adjacent hole transmission layer (HTL) layers to differ for R, G, and B subpixels. Optical extraction efficiencies for R, G, and B subpixels reach ∼15, ∼23, and ∼24 % resp., while small angular color shift is sustained. Angular characteristics of the device are very sensitive to the thickness variation of the individual material layers in the design, indicating the importance of thickness control in device fabrication process.
65‐3: Quantum Dot Light‐emitting Diodes with High Color Purity RGB Cadmium‐Free Quantum Dots
Authors: Ryowa Tatsuya , Sakakibara Yusuke , Kobashi Tadashi , Kitano Keisuke , Ueda Masaya , Izumi Makoto , Ogura Yuko , Michiwaki Yoko , Nikata Soichiro , Mishima Akio , Kalousek Vit , Takasaki Mikihiro , Miyanaga Akiharu
Published: June 2021

This paper reports the highly efficient red, green and blue cadmium‐free quantum dots and light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LED). The red and green cadmium‐free QDs with well optimized structure exhibits high color purity. These new QDs have great potential to be used in next generation QD‐LED display with wide color gamut.
65‐6: Control of Oxygen Vacancy in ZnO Nanoparticles Electron Transport Layer by Intense Pulsed‐Light Post‐Treatment Under Fabrication of Ink‐Jet Printed QLEDs
Authors: Han Young Joon , Lee Jun Yeob , Kang Kyung-Tae , Ju Byeong-Kwon , Cho Kwan Hyun
Published: June 2021

Previously, we reported that the charge injection balance in spin‐coated quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLED) was achieved by controlling the current density characteristics via filling of the oxygen vacancies in Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) through intense‐pulsed light (IPL) post‐treatment [1]. In this work, we investigated the IPL posted‐treatment induced charge balance and stability of device performance prepared by the ink‐jet printed QLED. Oxygen vacancies (Vo) in the ZnO wurtzite structure were filled with oxygen by IPL post‐treatment process in the air atmosphere, and the ink‐jet printed QLED performance remained stable during the 8 day measurement period. The current efficiency (CE) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) characteristics of ink‐jet printed QLED showed a tendency to stabilize from the 2nd day, and the performance of the device were 34122 cd/m2 luminance, 7.3513 cd/A CE, and 1.943 % EQE.
66‐4: Invited Paper: Graphene Enhanced QD Image Sensor Technology
Authors: Allen Mark , Bessonov Alexander , Ryhänen Tapani
Published: June 2021

Machine vision is a driver for novel imaging solutions covering wavelength range from visible to SWIR light. Emberion produces high‐performance industrial cameras based on its own monolithically CMOS integrated image sensors that are built on two unique innovations: 1) using a combination of colloidal quantum dots and graphene, and 2) optimising the measurement principles and ROICs according to the requirements of these nanomaterials. Characteristics and performance of our photodetector structures, image sensors and cameras are discussed, highlighting the benefits of graphene electronics. Our devices have photoresponse from 400 nm to 2100 nm, with low noise at high frame rates.
67‐1: Full‐Color Electrophoretic Displays with Improved Update Time
Authors: Telfer Stephen J. , Chen W. T. , McCreary Michael D.
Published: June 2021

Full color displays rendering any color and white at any pixel location have previously been demonstrated using E Ink's ACeP technology. The update time has now been improved to less than 1 second for color, and a high‐speed black and white mode has been developed. Even faster color modes are available for animation and pen writing. The improvements are made possible by improved electrophoretic compositions and novel TFT backplane architecture.
67‐2: Color E‐Paper: Current Performance and Achievable Goals
Authors: Henzen Alex , Zhong Benpeng , Liu Linwei , Jiang Hongwei , Zhou Guofu
Published: June 2021

In the search for acceptable reflective displays, electrofluidic/electrowetting displays have emerged as the leading technology for achieving high chromaticity gamut as well as fast switching and good reflectance. The prototypes shown demonstrate capabilities, but also have several issues that still need work. One of the most obvious areas is the spurious reflections from internal surfaces and refractive index steps. But also unwanted diffusion and absorption play a role Finally, maximizing the aperture is something that needs further development in order to promote the white state from “limit acceptable” to “top of class”.
67‐3: Invited Paper: Progress in Electronic Paper Displays: Color Video Electrofluidic Display Technology
Authors: Sun Hailing , Tang Biao , Jiang Hongwei , Groenewold Jan , Henzen Alex , Zhou Guofu
Published: June 2021

Electronic paper displays have been well known as many superb features but currently find a limited application space in dedicated reading devices and shelf labels, the next generation electronic paper displays are highly expected the breakthrough in full color and video speed. In this perspective, we give an overview on the recent progress on color video electro‐fluidic display technology, in particular recent developments in modeling, materials, manufacturing, driving and industrialization.
68‐4: A New Thin‐Film Encapsulation Structure for Flexible OLED Display with Long Lifetime
Authors: Wang Tao , Sun Tao , Qin Chengjie , Zhang Ziyu , Zhang Song , Liu Zheng , Wang Dawei
Published: June 2021

A series of adhesion strength modified layer (ML) was introduced to develop the new TFE structures. The new encapsulation structures provided the long‐life time performance for the flexible OLED device. No pixel shrinkage or dark spots appeared after storing in an environment of 85% humidity and at 85 °C over 20,000 hours. The adhesion strength of the thin film system improved and the risk of peeling decreased.
69‐1: Invited Paper: Integrated Cover Window for Foldable Displays
Authors: Kuo Chen Kuan , Xu Wei Feng , Cheng Wen Zen , Hong Cyun-Tai
Published: June 2021

Flexible and foldable displays have been widely promoted in various usage scenarios. Here we discussed the failure of the cover window of the OLED panel when folded, and also investigated the optical image quality enhancement of the display simultaneously during application, such as controlling of color shift at bright state by viewing angle. Through optimization of these tailored optical films, we integrated them into one plate and demonstrated some superior properties on OLED
P‐3: LTPS Device and Panel Fabrication Using Excimer Laser Dehydrogenation and Crystallization
Authors: Kim Jin Sung , Lee Bokyoung , Kim Aram , Yeon Deuk Ho , Jeong Mijin , Bang Jungho , Nam Seung Hee , Park Kwon-Shik , Kim Jeomjae , Yoon Soo Young
Published: June 2021

The dehydrogenation process, which is one of the important processes for manufacturing low temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) devices in the industry, requires high temperature over 430–470 °C. In this paper, the hydrogen content in the a‐Si film was reduced by excimer laser annealing (ELA) at lower temperature compared with the conventional dehydrogenation process using a furnace. Not only dehydrogenation but also crystallization of a‐Si was performed in the same chamber to make poly‐Si Grain size and shape of poly‐Si seemed similar to those of poly‐Si obtained from the conventional high‐temperature furnace process. A thin film transistor (TFT) with poly‐Si channel was fabricated via this low‐temperature dehydrogenation process, and the characteristic value of the device was enough to drive the display panel. As a result, a 5.46 inch QHD panel was successfully demonstrated. It was confirmed that the optical properties of the fabricated QHD panel were at the same level as compared with control sample, which was fabricated by using the furnace process. We regard that low temperature dehydrogenation using ELA in this research is promising approach for low‐temperature process, such as transparent flexible substrates.
P‐5: New Capacitive Active‐Pixel Sensor Based on LTPS‐TFT Backplane Technology for Fingerprint Recognition
Authors: Kong Dexi , Zhong Kunjing , Li Cheng , Cheng Jin , Zhang Jie , Zhou Lin , Cai Shoujin , Yan Lei , Che Chuncheng
Published: June 2021

We report a new type of capacitive active pixel sensor based on LTPS TFT backplane technology. It is a pixel design method for image sensors, which combines amplifiers and capacitors to form a pixel unit. Each pixel contains three transistors. This structure includes a capacitor as a sensing element, a reset transistor RST (T3), a row selector RS (T1), and a signal amplifier SF (T2). The advantage is to amplify the signal before reading, which is effective reduce the influence of noise and interference sources, so as to achieve high image quality. Based on the new capacitive active pixel sensor, a capacitive fingerprint sensor array was realized and the fingerprint image was successfully captured.
P‐6: Reduction of Drain‐Current‐Drop Phenomenon in BCE a‐IGZO TFTs for 85‐in. 8K 120Hz GOA LCD
Authors: Zheng Ze-Ke , Li Shan , Li Yu-Zhi , Ge Shi-Min , Gong Cheng , Liu Quan-Sheng , Son Woosung , Xiao Jun-Cheng , Zhao Bin
Published: June 2021

In order to avoid the drain current drop (DCD) issue in GOA circuits of Cu‐process BCE a‐IGZO 85inch 8K 120Hz LCD Displays, which causes the decrease of TFT electrical characteristics and poor transmission of gate signal, leading to the failure of GOA function, the mechanism and reduction of DCD effect through process optimization was studied in this paper.
P‐7: In‐Cell‐Touch Display Design Using Gate Driver Circuits Integrated within Active Area and De‐Mux Source Driver
Authors: Tian Chao , Cao Haiming , Feng Jiebing , Li Mingyue , Guan Yanqing , Liu Guanghui
Published: June 2021

In this article, we develop a new In‐cell touch TFT LCD display with gate driver circuits integrated within the active area and De‐mux driver. We designed a GOA driver circuit based on LTPS technology, which integrated GOA circuit into AA and realized In‐cell touch technology. Due to the LTPS technology, the GOA TFT device and wiring are integrated within pixels, and the loss of aperture rate is reduced. However, as the GOA circuit is integrated inside Pixel and simultaneously the panel uses De‐mux source driver and In‐cell touch driver, the display data is vulnerable to GOA signal interference. We solved the influence of GOA on display through the new pixel design and De‐mux driver. Finally, we made the 6.53″ De‐mux 1 to 3 In‐cell touch LCD display and got a good display effect.
P‐9: Understanding Diffusion Behaviors of Light Elements in OLEDs
Authors: HAN Jae Bum , Park Young-Gil , Jeong Soo Im , Ahn Nari
Published: June 2021

In the OLED panel, we have been investigated to understand diffusion behaviors of light element in various perspectives. It has evaluated by using advanced analytical tools such nano‐SIMS. we could find the diffused hydrogen from insulating film in channel area of bad sample. Increased hydrogen is directly attributed to the negative Vth shift. Also, we make the cross sectional sample and find the diffusion source of internal outgassing using the cross‐sectional Ion Mapping analysis method.
P‐11: Self‐Heating Induced Degradation in a Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor on a Flexible Substrate and Its Mitigation
Authors: Xia Zhihe , Shi Runxiao , Lu Lei , Kwok Hoi-Sing , Wong Man
Published: June 2021

Self‐heating effects (SHE) in a metal‐oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT) built on a polyimide substrate are characterized and their correlation to the effects on the TFT subjected to positive‐bias thermal stress is verified. Techniques of mitigating SHE are proposed, including breaking up a wide channel into parallel tracks of narrower channels or fluorination of the channel.
P‐26: IoT Display‐based Non‐Face‐to‐Face Visual Experiment Method for Preferred Color Temperature under Varying Ambient Lights
Authors: Park Jae Sung , Woo Junhee , Kim Jiman , Jung Seongwoon , Baek Yeseul , Han Hyesun , Kwak Youngshin
Published: June 2021

An entirely wirelessly and remotely controlled experiment and its result on visually preferred color temperature on large IoT display screen under various ambient lights are presented. The remote solutions were implemented for a zero‐contact experimental environment to avoid spreading COVID‐19 between experimenter and subjects. Applications based on Android and Tizen operating system for controlling ambient lights, adjusting TV picture options and collecting dataset in server are implemented based on IoT technologies. Under the proposed experimental environment, a visual recognition experiment to find generally preferred color temperature of a given image set was conducted and the results are presented.
P‐27: ML‐Based Eye Tracking for Augmented Reality Heads‐Up Displays (AR HUDs)
Authors: Tur Ada Defne , Yaralioglu Deniz , Yilmaz Cemalettin
Published: June 2021

3D Augmented Reality (AR) Heads‐up Displays (HUDs) have the potential of overlaying virtual objects at the correct locations with accurate motion parallax. Accurate overlays require tracking the pupils of the driver's eyes. We developed an ML‐based pupil tracking system based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) to find the precise location of the pupils.
P‐31: Novel Calibration Methods to Calculate the Effective Capacitance of Gate line in LTPS Display
Authors: Tao Jian , Wang Yong , Feng Shuai , Li Yafeng , Peng Zhong , He Jian
Published: June 2021

In order to improve our design accuracy and narrow the gap between the design and actual value, we have done some investigations on measuring the effective capacitance of gate lines. We have proposed two method: one is integration method, and another is fitting method. The former is more accurate than the latter. And we find the relationship between effective capacitance and total capacitance of gate line can be described well by one‐dimensional RC‐chain circuit derived from Elmore model. Based on this, we can conclude an empirical coefficient which is suitable for our LTPS production line.
P‐38: A Study on the Difference of Thermal Behavior by Crystallization Method
Authors: Seo Hyunsang , Cho Dongyeon , Park Byulnim , Park Uiyoung , Lee Doohyoung , Park Myeongkyu , Ahn Nari
Published: June 2021

Indium‐Tin‐Oxide (ITO) / Ag (Silver) / ITO triple layer, are often used as anode electrodes, but when the Ag is eluted, they cause many problems, such as poor dark spots. In this paper, the thermal behavior of the upper ITO, which is presumed to be the most relevant, was observed to identify the cause of this defect. The ITO layer is deposited in an amorphous state during initial deposition to create a pattern. After patterning, it is crystallized by heat treatment to obtain electrical and physical characteristics. However, it was confirmed that partial crystallization was already in progress at initial deposition due to changes in thickness. Partial crystallization was mainly observed at the meeting points of the three Ag grains. It was also confirmed that the process of heat treatment led to different crystallization than the initial partial crystallization. The crystallization areas formed in these heterogeneous states showed different thermal behavior. Stress caused by different thermal behaviors accelerated as heat treatment progressed, producing pin‐holes after the heat treatment was completed. Thus, the number of pin‐holes increases as heterogeneous states increase, resulting in a difference in the level of Ag elution defect. In conclusion, a decrease in the number of triple points an Ag Grain meets can reduce dissimilarity and consequently reduce the probability of pin‐hole occurrence. Therefore, expanding the size of the Ag Grain is effective in reducing the defect of Ag elution.
P‐39: Detachment of Polymeric Substrate Using CO2 Point Laser for Large‐Area Flexible Display: An Alternative Approach for Laser Lift‐Off
Authors: Park Hyuk , Seong Suwon , Park Seongmin , Seo Taewon , Chung Yoonyoung
Published: June 2021

We present a new method of detaching flexible substrate from rigid carrier wafer using a CO2 point laser. A laser lift‐off detachment is mostly used detaching method in the fabrication of large‐area flexible display; however, illumination and thermal stresses on electronic devices due to the laser beam energy are still problems. Our approach using a point laser does not impose laser‐induced stress on electronic components. To minimize the de‐bonding stress, we precisely controlled the adhesion between flexible substrate and carrier wafer by simple modification on the carrier surface. A flexible indium‐tin‐oxide film exhibited almost no change on its resistance value after detachment.
P‐41: Reduction and Mechanism of MOD‐Contact ESD Failure in a‐Si Product Containing PLN
Authors: Zhang Xia , Liang Yuheng , Li Lanyan , Liu Gang , Hsieh Chung-Ching , Xiao Juncheng , Zhao Bin
Published: June 2021

In this paper, it is found that the residual of Multi Layer is the citical factors Lead to the failure of MOD contact ESD test, The cause of residual during Laser cut has been anaysised, and the mechanism has been studied, furthermore, several improvement methods has been proposed.
P‐44: Low Resistance Optical Transparent Electrode for Augmented Reality Near‐Eye Display and Eye Tracking Module
Authors: Ho Ming-Jaan , Shen Cloud F.Y. , Hsu Tina H.T. , Wei Wen-Zhu
Published: June 2021

Low reflective metal oxide alloys thin film and its additive trace on colorless polyimide (CPI) were proposed to achieve better visual experience for near‐eye display and eye tracking optical transparent electrode application. Furthermore, addictive manufacturing process on Cu(CuO)/Epoxy‐CPI structure was used to implement a prototype eye tracking electrode that showed low value of trace resistance and tight resistance tolerance.
P‐46: Accurate Measurement of Distances to Objects in Stereoscopically Displayed Space
Authors: Ezhov Vasily A.
Published: June 2021

Usual stereoscopic methods of distance measurement use binocular vision for real‐time visual comparison of the apparent distance to the observed object with the distances to the artificial marks entered into the stereoscopically displayed space. However, estimation of the distance to the stereoscopically observed object by eye comparison of its distance to the specific marks can be difficult. The method of accurate measurement of the distances described in this paper is based on visual fixation of zero screen parallax formed on the display as the difference between the natural parallax (with one sign) in the stereoscopic space and the introduced artificial parallax (with opposite sign).
P‐48: Student Poster: Light‐Efficient Virtual Reality Displays
Authors: Zhan Tao , Hsiang En-Lin , Zou Junyu , Xiong Jianghao , Li Kun , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2021

A VR display module is tailored with directional display panel and liquid crystal meta‐surface to make full use of light from the light source. The proposed method can effectively boost light efficiency by >2 times with negligible change in form factor. Both simulation and proof‐of‐concept experimental results are presented and discussed.
P‐55: Analysis of Bonding Optically Clear Adhesive in Dual‐Cell LCD
Authors: Feng Qibin , Su Kai , Du Gang , Wang Zi , Lyu Guoqiang
Published: June 2021

By bonding two pieces of LC cell, a dual‐cell LCD can efficiently reduce light leakage and greatly increase contrast ration. Bonding optically clear adhesive (OCA) should provide enough adhesion strength and present no influence on optical performance. Based on von Mises criteria, the paper employs finite element simulation to conclude that the thickness of OCA should be larger than 0.15mm for a 65in dual‐cell LCD. With the help of LCD design software, it is found that the optical performance of a 65in dual‐cell LCD has no obvious changes when the OCA thickness is less than 0.35mm The paper introduces an effective method to help analyze OCA effect on both adhesion strength and optical performance.
P‐58: DCI Quality Specifications for Emissive LED Screens
Authors: Bravo Jorge Pérez
Published: June 2021

The Digital Cinema Initiative (DCI) has established specifications for a theater system that creates a common shell where regardless of the technology (Projector, film, Emissive Screens) the experience experimented by the viewer is the closest to the one intended to be transmitted by the director.

The theater system is built of a few components, one of them is the player or Media Block and the second is the LED emissive Screen. The main function of the Media Block is to provide a secure system environment within it performs content essence decryption. In addition to this, the Media Block shall contain the Security Manager, Image, Audio and Subtitle processing capabilities along with associated forensic markers. The function of the LED screen is providing the proper color and luminance values to provide the right environment where the viewer can have the best experience of the content as it was a real‐life environment scene.

The quality of the system is based on the video performance. The Video performance can come from many parameters like brightness, contrast, color space, color consistency, refresh rate, and bit depth. For DCI, 12bits is the input bit depth, while the processing bit depth is much higher to reproduce the video on the right color space (specified as DCI‐P3) and providing the right grayscale performance values for what our eye is most sensitive area (scotopic vision) and at the same time for getting color (photopic vision). This experience is what brings a sensation that it is only achieved in theaters.
P‐60: Printable Quantum‐Dot Photopolymers as Color‐Conversion Layers for MicroLED Displays
Authors: Lin Yonghong , Feng Yang , Zhanghu Mengyuan , Liu Zhaojun
Published: June 2021

A quantum dots photopolymers color‐conversion layer is demonstrated. The black matrix is fabricated on glass substrate using photolithography process. The red and green quantum dots photopolymers are deposited into the black matrix by inkjet printing. It is found that the optimized quantum dots photopolymers viscosity could form uniform thin films, which can achieve full color under the excitation of the blue micro‐LEDs.
P‐63: Electro‐optical properties investigation in AlGalnP‐based Red Micro‐LED devices
Authors: Feng Yang , Zhanghu Mengyuan , Lin Yonghong , Liu Zhaojun
Published: June 2021

AlGalnP‐based light‐emitting diode (LED) arrays are a promising technology in a wide range of applications. The electrical characteristics and current transport properties of AlGaInP‐based red micro‐light‐emitting diodes were investigated using current‐voltage (I‐V) measurements. The ideality factor of device was obtained, indicating that the current conduction mechanism is defect‐assisted tunneling, which forms parasitic current paths across the active region. These results were consistent with the parasitic resistances obtained from the measured current‐voltage curves. It was attributed that the defects originated from sidewall damage of the active layer. The EL spectrum of the red micro‐LED is characterized by narrow emission width of ~19 nm
P‐107: Flexible Yagi Transparent Antennas on Flexible Glass Substrates
Authors: Lin Shih-Ming , Ji Bo-Chien , Yu Chen-Chun , Chen Hsin-Chu , Yeh Shu-Tang
Published: June 2021

Owing to great electrical properties and beautiful transparency of flexible glass substrates, many glass‐based devices are developed. However, flexible glasses are so fragile that they are very difficult to be processed. In this work, we try to fabricate a flexible CPW‐fed Yagi transparent antenna based on metal mesh conductor on ultra‐thin glass substrates which is designed for 2.45 GHz WiFi communication. The instant car accident video transmission scenario demonstration shows possible application of this flexible transparent antenna in smart automotive application, and enables another transformation opportunity for existing display manufacturing lines.
P‐69: Correlated Double Sampling Circuit Integrated on Glass Used for Active Pixel Sensing Array
Authors: Yuan Yi-Cheng , Tu Cheng-Che , Tai Ya-Hsiang
Published: June 2021

In recent years, promoting the sensing accuracy of the image pixel sensor has become a hot issue. For voltage type active pixel sensor (V‐APS), the readout voltage, as well as the sensing signal, will be affected by the thin film transistors (TFTs) characteristic variation, especially the shift in threshold voltage (Vth). In this paper, we introduce a novel correlated double sampling (CDS) circuit, which can be implemented on glass by only using TFTs and capacitors. Thus, the readout voltage variation due to the threshold voltage shift under same light intensity illumination can be eliminated.
P‐71: An Effective Quantification Method for Evaluating Horizontal Line Defects by Interference between Flexible OLED and Touch Sensor
Authors: Ko Jun Young , Kim Hyung-Bae , Choi Jae Woo , Seo Eun Sol , Jin Shin Yu
Published: June 2021

The absence of standardized methods of the visible defects quantification has induced inconsistent results in quality assurance of OLED displays. Herein, an effective quantification method for evaluating horizontal line defects by interference of flexible OLED and touch sensor were proposed and a specific contrast sensitivity (CS) levels below 1.0 was established as meaning “invisible defect”.
P‐73: Innovative Controller for Touch‐Sensor Panel in Heavy‐Load Parasitic Capacitance
Authors: Lee Innam , Kim JangHui , Lee Choonhyop , Kim Jaewon
Published: June 2021

The innovative design of fully differential analog front end is swhich is the parasitic capacitance of a touch sensor is approximately 60% higher than a conventional smartphone. The newly developed touch sensor controller shows approximately 40 % higher SNR than a commercialized flagship smartphone, which is defined with the noise of peak to peak value in the touch signal on the zebra pattern display.
P‐77: LTPS TDDI with Full‐screen Fingerprint Recognition
Authors: Liu Bozhi , Cai Xuanxian , Wu Jiaqian , Wu Xiaoxiao , Chen Binbin , Shi Xiaoqi , Xu Xiai , Huang Min , Wang Hailiang , Liu Bingping , Lan Xuexin , Chen Guozhao , Li Junyi
Published: June 2021

A method of FTDI (Fingerprint Touch Display Integration), namely LTPS TDDI with full‐screen optical multi‐points fingerprint recognition function, is proposed. Display driven circuit, touch function and fingerprint image sensor are designed in the same LTPS TFT glass substrate. Partitions image collection design combined with skip‐frame driving are adopted to realize multi‐points fingerprint image collection. Photoconversion characteristics together with noise characteristics of fingerprint system are also presented. By improving sensitivity of APS circuit and decreasing readout noise, the FTDI can get a false rejection ratio <1.0% when single point fingerprint recognition mode is used.
P‐82: Dichroic Dye‐Doped Dual‐Cell Smart Window Switchable Among Transparent, Dark and Scattering States
Authors: Zhou Bojun , Che Chuncheng , Li Yue , Wang Chunlei , Zhai Deshen , Wu Yifan , Chang Wenbo , Xiao Yuelei , Gong Lin , Cao Xue , Han Jidong , Zhang Xuebo , Song Xuechao
Published: June 2021

The paper introduces a dual‐cell smart window based on dichroic dyed‐doped liquid crystal. To promote light absorption, the rubbing directions of coated PI in each cell are made perpendicular to each other. Due to the crossed‐polarizer structure, very low transmittance of light is achieved. By varying the amplitude and frequency of the driving voltage, the window can be smoothly switched among transparent, dark and scattering states. Regular structures formed by the distortions of LC is observed through a thin film polarizer. At last, one cell working in light absorption mode while the other in dynamic scattering mode is demonstrated.
P‐83: Polarized Emission from Perovskite Nanocrystals Encapsulated in Stretched Porous Films for Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Yiyang Gao , Prodanov Maksym F. , Chengbin Kang , Vashchenko Valerii V. , Srivastava Abhishek K.
Published: June 2021

The Lead halide perovskite nanoparticles are a promising color conversion material for display application. The polarized emission from perovskite color enhancement films can boost LCD efficiency. In this article, we propose a method to induce the polarized emission from isotropic perovskite nano‐cubes, using a stretched porous polymer film. Optical simulation is performed to optimize the system design. The polarized perovskite color enhancement film can bring the optical efficiency improvement of 16.8% is expected for LCDs. Furthermore, the porous film offers good stabilization for the perovskite nanoparticles making it feasible for reliable device application.
P‐91: Measuring the Profile of the Emission Zone and Dipole Orientation in OLED by Polarized Radiation
Authors: Fan Yan , Fan Xing , Li Yansong , Wu Qixiao , Li Xin , Gao Hao , Wen Xiangmin , Zhang Zhihui , Li Xu , Wang Yanming , Han Cheng , Li Na
Published: June 2021

The profile of the emission zone and dipole orientation of dopants in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are two typical optical properties and have great impacts on the device performance. In the present study, these properties were investigated using in‐situ angle resolved polarized radiation and optical simulations. The results show that the emission is generated within a ~9 nm wide sheet at the prime layer/emissive layer (EML) interface, and 94% of the dipoles are horizontally aligned.
P‐94: A Novel Method to Estimate Color Separation of Reflected Light in OLED Displays
Authors: Huang Can , Gao Hongcheng , Bao Jiandong , Zhou Weifeng , Shi Dawei , Yang Lu , Wang Jiwei
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes a novel approach to objectively evaluate the severity of color separation based on the value of lab:
urn:x-wiley:2168-0159:sdtp14977:equation:sdtp14977-math-0001

The Max[lab] and polar diagram of lab are used to quantify the severity and reproduce the distribution of color separation, respectively, which are consistent with the visual results. In this way, the phenomenon of color separation can be evaluated more objectively and comprehensively.
P‐96: An Effective Image‐Capture‐Quality Evaluation Method for AMOLED Demura Systems
Authors: Wang Tsanghong , Huang Hsinwei , Zhu Guixiang , Liang Yao , Wang Chang , Kao ShanChen
Published: June 2021

An effective Demura preprocess evaluation system is called Demura Image Capture Performances Evaluation Method (DICEM) is proposed in this paper. Conventional evaluation methods including SNR, FFC, Shape Distortion, etc. are not effective enough for AMOLED Demura system. To effective evaluate the image quality for Demura IP to make sure the compensation results will be good enough, DICEM including adjacent pixel crosstalk (APC), panel adaptive MTF and Content Correlation Coefficient (CC) are proposed. It's well verified as an effective method for AMOLED Demura system.
P‐97: Separation of Isomeric OLED Materials Using Ion Mobility‐Mass Spectrometry (IM‐MS)
Authors: Shioji Hirotaka , Uematsu Azusa , Onoda Motoshi , Matsuda Keiko , Sawada Keisuke , Kitagawa Shinya , Ohtani Hajime
Published: June 2021

The separation of the structural isomers of OLED materials was carried out by using high performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS) and ion mobility‐mass spectrometry (IM‐MS). Almost all isomeric OLED materials were separated by using HPLC, however, some isomers were not distinguished with each other. On the other hand, by using IM, inseparable isomers by HPLC were separated and the structural information was obtained by MS/MS technique.
P‐99: Low Driving Voltage and High Color‐Stability White OLEDs on Silicon via Thin‐Charge Generation Unit for Microdisplays
Authors: Bae Hyeong Woo , An Myungchan , Kwon Yong Woo
Published: June 2021

In this research, we studied white organic light emitting diodes on silicon (OLEDoS) devices with low driving voltage and high color stability for microdisplay in augmented reality (AR) applications. In this device architecture, a thin charge generation unit (CGU) with 10 nm thickness was introduced into blue fluorescent and yellowish‐green phosphorescent emitting layers. It showed 5.8 V driving voltage at 1,000 cd/m2 with (0.276, 0.382) color coordinates which is sufficiently cool white emission. It also presented maximum luminance of 50,015 cd/m2 at 10 V driving voltage. It also showed high color stability of (± 0.007, ± 0.006) according to the luminance change from 500 to 2,000 cd/m2.
P‐102: Flexible Transparent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Suppressed Waveguide Modes
Authors: Jeong Changyeong , Guo L. Jay
Published: June 2021

We developed high efficiency transparent organic light‐emitting diodes (TOLEDs) with ultrathin metal electrodes. The modal calculation showed that our TOLED does not support waveguide mode, leading to potentially trapped‐energy free device. This high efficiency TOLEDs do not require complex modal outcoupler but only high‐quality metal thin film.
P‐105: Inkjet‐Printed Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Light Emitting Diode Adopting Metal Oxide as Hole Injection Layer
Authors: Kim Jiyoon , Park Soohyun , Lee Hwa-Young , Kim Yool-Guk , Kwak Donghoon , Lee Chang-Hee
Published: June 2021

The inkjet‐printed organic‐inorganic light emitting diode (HyLED) employing metal oxide‐based hole injection layer (HIL) is demonstrated. The metal oxide HIL is built by the single step of sputtering during the backplane fabrication process, and the hole transport layer and the emission layer are constructed by sequential inkjet printing processes. The effects of metal oxide HILs in both inkjet‐printed HyLED and vacuum thermal evaporation‐based HyLED are studied, and it is found that the metal oxide HIL shows the possibility of improving the hole injection only in our inkjet‐printed HyLEDs not in our thermal evaporated HyLEDs. The metal oxide HIL in our inkjet‐printed HyLED is also helpful for reducing the manufacturing cost and enhancing the yield by reducing the number of inkjet process for constructing organic functional layers.
47‐1: Invited Paper: High Resolution HDR VR display using Mini‐LED
Authors: Yang Chiu-Lien , Wu Yung-Hsun , Yao I-An , Tsou Yu-Shih , Tsai Chia-Hao , Lin Jiunn-Shyong
Published: June 2021

We present a non‐dizzy high resolution HDR VR display technology, which can effectively improve the issue of current VR products, such as screen door effect, motion blur, and visual fatigue problem with high dynamic range image. This product achieves the prefect image performance and highly improves the comfort of usage.
Formation of triazole inhibitive film on copper surface by click assembly in presence of Cu2S quantum dots
Authors: Gao Lixin , Wu Panpan , Zhang Kai , Li Jin , Zhang Daquan
Published: June 2021

The triazole inhibitive film was assembled on copper surface via the click reaction between p‐toluenesulfonyl azide (TA) and propiolic acid (PA) in presence of Cu2S quantum dots (CuDs). The click‐assembled film on copper surface has good anticorrosion property in 3 wt.% NaCl solution. The best protective efficiency is 93.7%. The role of CuDs for the click assembly is investigated by the spectral analysis, electrochemical measurements, and surface morphology characterization. The Cu(I) in CuDs exhibited good thermodynamic stability and catalytic activity. During the assembly process, CuDs become the new interface of the click reaction and facilitate the formation of the triazole inhibitive film on copper surface.
Assessing conditional causal effect via characteristic score
Authors: Hu Zonghui
Published: June 2021

Observational studies usually include participants representing the wide heterogeneous population. The conditional causal effect, treatment effect conditional on baseline characteristics, is of practical importance. Its estimation is subject to two challenges. First, the causal effect is not observable in any individual due to counterfactuality. Second, high‐dimensional baseline variables are involved to satisfy the ignorable treatment selection assumption and to attain better estimation efficiency. In this work, a nonparametric estimation procedure, along with a pseudo‐response, is proposed to estimate the conditional treatment effect through “characteristic score”—a parsimonious representation of baseline variable influence on treatment benefit. Adopting sparse dimension reduction with variable prescreening in the proposed estimation, we aim to identify the key baseline variables that impact the conditional treatment effect and to uncover the characteristic score that best predicts the treatment effect. This approach is applied to an HIV study for assessing the benefit of antiretroviral regimens and identifying the beneficiary subpopulation.
System dynamics gamification: A proposal for shared principles
Authors: Cunico Giovanni , Aivazidou Eirini , Mollona Edoardo
Published: June 2021

As gamification has been gaining ground in research practice, system dynamics is no exemption. Despite the long tradition of system dynamics gamification, capitalizing on lessons learned from previous experiences is still challenging for practitioners. Specifically, the extant literature introduces a repertoire of system dynamics‐based simulators and games under quite divergent perspectives and nomenclatures, while a comprehensive set of practical ‘how‐to‐gamify’ guidelines and a resource repository are lacking. Thus, this research aims to propose a set of shared principles by (i) providing an embryonic definition of system dynamics gamification and (ii) framing the most relevant challenges and drivers, to fill in the literature gaps and allow for effective knowledge accumulation. Overall, this work anticipates rendering gamification as a recognized branch of the systems dynamics domain by establishing a common language and recommending directions to improve practice and research efforts.
Nanofiber Membrane for Chiral Detection of Tyrosine Enantiomer
Authors: Tong Lei , Kuang Xuan , Duan Qian , Zheng Xiaodong
Published: June 2021

Chiral recognition has significant research value for understanding the specific bio‐functions and capacity for exploiting the utility of each enantiomer. A homochiral membrane by incorporating metal‐organic frameworks nanofibers into the chitosan matrix (MOF@CS) is synthesized. MOF@CS displays highly sensitive and quantitative detection of D/L‐Tyr.