bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kidney transplant utilising donors after circulatory death: The first report from the African continent
Authors: Du Toit T , Manning K , Bertels L , Hoffman G , Thomson D , Barday Z A
Published: May 2024

Background. At Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, the number of deceased organ donors has declined over the past 2 decades, necessitating a more liberal approach to donor selection. In 2007, measures to expand the deceased kidney donor pool were implemented, including an HIV positive-to-positive transplant programme and the utilisation of extended-criteria donors as well as donors after circulatory death (DCDs).
Objectives. To report on our institutional experience with DCD kidney transplants and to encourage this approach among other African centres to improve access to transplantation.Methods. An observational cohort study of consecutive DCD kidney transplants at Groote Schuur Hospital over a 17-year period was performed. Primary endpoints were 1-, 2- and 5-year graft and patient survival. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF), 30-day morbidity, length of stay, and donor and recipient clinical characteristics.
Results. Fifteen DCD procurements were performed, with no kidneys discarded. Thirty kidney transplants were performed, with a median (interquartile range) cold ischaemic time of 11.5 (8 - 14) hours. The incidence of DGF was 60.0%, and 30-day morbidity (other than DGF) was 20.0%. Graft survival at 1, 2 and 5 years was 100%, 96.0% and 73.7%, respectively. Patient survival at 1, 2 and 5 years was 93.3%, 93.3% and 88.4%, respectively.
Conclusion. Long-term graft and patient survival was comparable with the international literature. DCD may present a unique opportunity to expand deceased donation throughout Africa, particularly in areas affected by a lack of brain death legislation and religious or cultural objections to donation after brain death.
Clinical course, management and outcomes of COVID-19 in HIV-infected renal transplant recipients: A case series
Authors: Bertels L , Manning K , Redd A , Du Toit T , Barday Z , Muller E
Published: May 2024

Background. HIV‐infected kidney transplant recipients with COVID‐19 are at increased risk of acute illness and death owing to their underlying comorbidities and chronic immunosuppression.
Objectives. To describe the incidence, clinical presentation and course of COVID‐19, vaccination status, and SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody positivity rate among HIV‐infected‐to‐HIV‐infected kidney transplant recipients in South Africa (SA).
Methods. This retrospective study reports on rates of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, COVID‐19 and mortality among SA HIV‐infected kidney transplant recipients who received organs from HIV‐infected donors (HIV positive to HIV positive), before and after vaccination. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, course, management and disease outcomes were analysed. Antibody serology tests were performed between May and September 2022.
Results. Among 39 HIV‐positive‐to‐HIV‐positive transplant recipients, 11 cases of COVID‐19 were diagnosed from March 2020 to September 2022. Six patients (55%) required hospitalisation, of whom 3 were admitted to a high‐care unit or intensive care unit. Two patients required mechanical ventilation, and 2 received acute dialysis. One patient was declined access to intensive care. Four patients (10%) died of COVID‐19 pneumonia. All the COVID‐19‐positive patients had at least one comorbidity. Vaccination data were available for 24 patients, of whom 5 had refused SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody data were available for 20 patients; 4 vaccinated patients had a negative nucleocapsid protein antibody test and a positive spike protein antibody test, suggesting vaccination‐acquired immunity. The remaining 16 patients demonstrated immunity that was probably due to COVID infection, and of these, 14 were also vaccinated. Of the 11 COVID‐19 cases, only 1 was observed after vaccination.
Conclusion. In our case series, ~10% of the HIV‐positive‐to‐HIV‐positive transplant recipients died of COVID‐19 pneumonia. This mortality rate appears higher than figures reported in other transplant cohorts. However, it is likely that the actual number of cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was much higher, as the study only included polymerase chain reaction‐confirmed cases. It remains unclear whether HIV infection, transplant or the combination of the two drives poorer outcomes, and larger studies adjusting for important demographic and biological factors may isolate these effects.
Promising Practices for Leadership Development: Exploring a Collaborative Professional Learning and Coaching Program
Authors: Thomas Christy , Koehn Jennette , Turner Jeff
Published: May 2024

Given the substantial impact school leaders have on school improvement, the imperative for continuous professional learning for leaders is evident. In this two-year action research study, researchers collaborated with a school division, forming a research-practice partnership, to design and explore a collaborative professional learning and coaching program. The primary objective of this program was to align with local leadership standards and foster leadership development. The central research question was: How does implementation of a collaborative professional learning and coaching program contribute to leadership development? Data were collected from district and school leaders and included pre and post surveys, interviews, and focus groups. The findings of this study indicate that district leadership practices show promising potential in fostering inservice opportunities for leadership development. These practices include the following: (a) ensure programs are sustained with a consistent focus, (b) utilize collaborative learning approaches, (c) assess growth through reflection and feedback, and (d) use action research to support continual improvement. This study aims to provide valuable insights to school districts and researchers regarding the implementation of sustained and job-embedded professional development for school leaders, with a specific focus on leadership development.
Improving corporate income tax control: a regional aspect
Authors: SHelepova Natal'ya Vasil'evna , Medved'ko Anastasiya Sergeevna
Published: May 2024

The article discusses ways to improve tax control on corporate income tax, based on the already well-known experience of tax authorities and tax reporting of the Federal Tax Service of Russia in the Amur region. The analysis of such areas of tax control as desk tax audits and on-site tax audits based on the materials of the Federal Tax Service for the Amur region was carried out. The analysis showed that the number of desk tax audits, the results of which revealed tax offenses, is decreasing, which may indicate an improvement in the information activities of the Federal Tax Service of Russia in the Amur region. The number of on-site tax audits, the results of which revealed a tax offense, practically corresponds to the number of on-site tax audits conducted, which indicates the predominant use of a risk-based approach to planning on-site tax audits of the Federal Tax Service of Russia in the Amur region. However, the revealed number of tax offenses based on the results of tax audits does not allow us to conclude that tax control is sufficiently effective. The most common schemes of illegal tax optimization and certain types of tax offenses are considered. The article also suggests ways to improve tax control on corporate income tax aimed at regulating, preventing and combating tax offenses.  The methods used in the study are horizontal analysis, induction and deduction. The methodology of the work is the justification of the relevance of the work, the formulation of the problem, the study of desk and field inspections, the results of the study and conclusions. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that the number of tax offenses identified by the results of tax audits based on the materials of the Federal Tax Service for the Amur Region suggests the need to improve tax control over corporate income tax using such methods of preventing and combating tax offenses as information notification to taxpayers about the revealed facts of tax offenses, interim measures and tax sanctions for these offenses, an increase in tax penalties and fines in an amount higher than the tax rate for which a tax offense has been detected and a ban on registration of more than two or three organizations per individual. This will lead to an increase in the volume of funds flowing to the budget of the Amur region and a decrease in tax offenses committed by taxpayers.
Human pannexin 1 channel is not phosphorylated by Src tyrosine kinase at Tyr199 and Tyr309
Authors: Ruan Zheng , Lee Junuk , Li Yangyang , Du Juan , Lü Wei
Published: May 2024

Protein phosphorylation is one of the major molecular mechanisms regulating protein activity and function throughout the cell. Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is a large-pore channel permeable to ATP and other cellular metabolites. Its tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent activation have been found to play critical roles in diverse cellular conditions, including neuronal cell death, acute inflammation, and smooth muscle contraction. Specifically, the non-receptor kinase Src has been reported to phosphorylate Tyr198 and Tyr308 of mouse PANX1 (equivalent to Tyr199 and Tyr309 of human PANX1), resulting in channel opening and ATP release. Although the Src-dependent PANX1 activation mechanism has been widely discussed in the literature, independent validation of the tyrosine phosphorylation of PANX1 has been lacking. Here, we show that commercially available antibodies against the two phosphorylation sites mentioned above—which were used to identify endogenous PANX1 phosphorylation at these two sites—are nonspecific and should not be used to interpret results related to PANX1 phosphorylation. We further provide evidence that neither tyrosine residue is a major phosphorylation site for Src kinase in heterologous expression systems. We call on the field to re-examine the existing paradigm of tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent activation of the PANX1 channel.
Gender Identity and Cultural Conflict in Chitra Banerjee’s Select Novels
Authors: Navarasi G.
Published: May 2024

Indian-born author Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni has a postcolonial diasporic identity. It has been noted that she is an Asian American writer of exceptional talent. She employs a variety of storytelling techniques while writing with a deep human insight. Her personas are portrayed with such realism that they leave the reader with a lasting impression. This paper looks at how a well-known male characters who show gender role reversal are portrayed in a few of Divakaruni's novels. The pieces under consideration for the analysis are Sister of My Heart and The Vine of Desire. Identity cannot be separated from religious, public, ethnic, and social setting of the reality. The unpredictability of author’s circumstances and assorted nature function in various places of the world. This causes the case of comprehensiveness of gender to an excess. Both the gender has wrestled with the subject of character, yet women’s quest for acknowledgment as a distinct has been confounded, as she begins to understand her capacities and failures. Divakaruni's works are set in a setting that alternates between India and America, and her fearless female characters come from all walks of life. Indian women in Divakaruni, who were torn between the two nations, struggle to define who they are and are entrapped by societal shifts. The novels Sister of My Heart and The Vine of Desire both address identity crises.
The Contribution of High‐Energy X‐Rays and Neutrons to Characterization and Development of Intermetallic Titanium Aluminides
Authors: Schmoelzer T. , Liss K.‐D. , Staron P. , Mayer S. , Clemens H.
Published: January 2011

Intermetallic γ‐TiAl based alloys are a novel class of lightweight structural materials that exhibit excellent high‐temperature strength while having low density. These properties make them ideal candidates for replacing dense Ni base alloys currently used in the temperature range from 550 to 750 °C. Therefore, extensive research activities were conducted during the last 20 years to make this innovative class of materials fit for service. In this task, diffraction methods have been an important tool for promoting the development of TiAl alloys. The ability to perform experiments in situ and to determine phase fractions even in cases where two phases are present in ultrafine lamellar structures are only two examples for applications in which diffraction methods are indispensable. In this work, a review is given concerning the use of diffraction methods in the development of TiAl alloys. Different methods are introduced and highlighted by examples. This review lists the advantages of diffraction experiments and critically discusses the limits of the individual methods.
A Generalized Mechanism for Ligand‐Induced Dipolar Assembly of Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticle Chain Networks
Authors: Li Mei , Johnson Sara , Guo Hongtao , Dujardin Erik , Mann Stephen
Published: January 2011

The mechanism of gold nanoparticle chain assembly associated with the induction of electric dipole–dipole interactions arising from the partial ligand exchange of surface‐adsorbed citrate ions by mercaptoethanol is investigated. UV‐vis spectrophotometry and electron microscopy are used, respectively, to determine the kinetics and time‐dependent structural changes associated with formation of the 1D nanoparticle superstructures between 5 and 50 °C. The results indicate that assembly of the plasmonic nanoparticle networks is extremely sensitive to changes in temperature. Formation of the nanoparticle chains is optimized at 25–30 °C and follows first order kinetics with increasing reaction rates attained for higher initial nanoparticle concentrations. Below 25 °C, plasmonic nanoparticle networks are produced but at a considerably reduced rate. In contrast, above 30 °C, short‐chain networks form rapidly but the process is superseded by a secondary mechanism that limits chain growth and produces small fragments and isolated Au nanoparticles. The changes in assembly behavior are attributed to the temperature‐dependent ordering and disordering of mercaptoethanol molecules associated with the gold nanoparticle surface. The results provide a general mechanistic model for the self‐assembly of metallic nanoparticles based on ligand‐induced electric dipolar interactions, which are globally under thermodynamic control but sensitive to kinetic aspects. It is also shown that the dipolar mechanism can be further exploited to introduce larger nanoparticles as topological dopants that reside specifically at branching points or termini in the self‐assembled 1D nanoparticle networks.
Charge transfer effects on the Fermi surface of Ba0.5K0.5Fe2As2
Authors: Nazir S. , Zhu Z.Y. , Schwingenschlögl U.
Published: January 2011

Ab‐initio calculations within density functional theory are performed to obtain a more systematic understanding of the electronic structure of iron pnictides. As a prototypical compound we study Ba0.5K0.5Fe2As2 and analyze the changes of its electronic structure when the interaction between the Fe2As2 layers and their surrounding is modified. We find strong effects on the density of states near the Fermi energy as well as the Fermi surface. The role of the electron donor atoms in iron pnictides thus cannot be understood in a rigid band picture. Instead, the bonding within the Fe2As2 layers reacts to a modified charge transfer from the donor atoms by adapting the intra‐layer Fe‐As hybridization and charge transfer in order to maintain an As3‐ valence state.
Primates of All Types Swing Through the Pages of The Anatomical Record
Authors: Laitman Jeffrey T. , Albertine Kurt H.
Published: January 2011

Painting of a spider monkey (Ateles) in an arboreal setting, gripping tree branches with hands, feet, and prehensile tail. Superimposed is a radiograph of a spider monkey (Ateles) tail (USNM 536100). The original painting is in acrylic, by Tim D. Smith. A special thanks to Leo W. Smith for allowing us to use his bedroom wall mural for the cover of this issue.
Exogenous Material in the Inner Ear of the Adult Port Jackson Shark, Heterodontus Portusjacksoni (Elasmbranchii)
Authors: Mills Morena , Rasch Ron , Siebeck Ulrike E. , Collin Shaun P.
Published: January 2011

Previous studies have suggested that the inner ear of some benthic species of elasmobranchs contain only exogenous material within their otoconial organs, a unique feature within vertebrates. However, these examinations have not accounted for the possibility of otoconial degeneration or used modern experimental methods to identify the materials present. Both of these issues are addressed in this study using inner ear samples from the adult Port Jackson shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni. A comparison of the otoconial mass in fixed specimens over short and medium time scales reveals that over those timescales the degeneration of calcium carbonate‐based otoconia does not occur and confirms that calcium carbonate‐based otoconia are not found within the otoconial organs of H. portusjacksoni. Additionally, microanalysis of the chemical composition and ultrastructure of the otoconial mass using energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy confirms that the entire otoconial mass is comprised of exogenous silicon dioxide particles, bound within a carbon matrix. This exogenous material is suggested to play an equivalent role to the otoconia found in other species of elasmobranchs, and allows both hearing and vestibular control to occur in benthic sharks that spend their lives foraging within a sandy substrate. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of 2‐Mercaptobenzimidazole Derivatives as Potential Anti‐microbial and Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Hosamani Kallappa M. , Shingalapur Ramya V.
Published: January 2011

A series of novel 2‐(1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐ylsulfanyl)‐N‐(4‐oxo‐2‐phenyl‐thiazolidin‐3yl)‐acetamide 5a–j have been synthesized from various aldehydes and 2‐(5‐phenyl‐[1,3,4]‐oxadiazol‐2‐ylmethylsulfanyl)‐1H‐benzimidazole 6a–j from various benzoic acids. These compounds were screened for their in‐vitro anti‐bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis as Gram positive, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli as Gram negative bacterial strains and for in‐vitro anti‐fungal activity against Asperigillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. The in vitro cytotoxic properties were studied using brine shrimp bioassay. Results revealed that, compounds 5b, 5d, 5g, 5i, 6b, 6e, 6f, and 6i showed excellent activity against a panel of microorganisms. The cytotoxic activities of 5b, 5g, 5i, 6b, 6f, 6h, and 6i were found to be good. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and MS.
An oral developmental neurotoxicity study of decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) in rats
Authors: Biesemeier John A. , Beck Melissa J. , Silberberg Hanna , Myers Nicole R. , Ariano John M. , Radovsky Ann , Freshwater Les , Sved Daniel W. , Jacobi Sylvia , Stump Donald G. , Hardy Marcia L. , Stedeford Todd
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND:Decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE; CASRN 1163‐19‐5) is a flame retardant used in a variety of manufactured products. A single oral dose of 20.1 mg/kg administered to mice on postnatal day 3 has been reported to alter motor activity at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.METHODS:To further evaluate these results, a developmental neurotoxicity study was conducted in the most commonly used species for studies of this type, the rat, according to international validated testing guidelines and Good Laboratory Practice Standards. DecaBDE was administered orally via gavage in corn oil to dams from gestation day 6 to weaning at doses of 0, 1, 10, 100, or 1,000 mg/kg/day. Standard measures of growth, development, and neurological endpoints were evaluated in the offspring. Motor activity was assessed at 2 months of age. Additional motor activity assessments were conducted at 4 and 6 months of age. Neuropathology and morphometry evaluations of the offspring were performed at weaning and adulthood.RESULTS:No treatment‐related neurobehavioral changes were observed in detailed clinical observations, startle response, or learning and memory tests. No test substance‐related changes were noted in motor activity assessments performed at 2, 4, or 6 months of age. Finally, no treatment‐related neuropathological or morphometric alterations were found.CONCLUSIONS:Under the conditions of this study, the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level for developmental neurotoxicity of DecaBDE was 1,000 mg/kg/day, the highest dose tested.Birth Defects Res (Part B)92:17–35, 2011.© 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vergleich berechneter und gemessener Verformungen der Vorpommernbrücke über die Warnow in Rostock
Authors: Podeyn Dirk , Mertzsch Olaf , Cramer Harald
Published: January 2011

Bei Spannbetonkonstruktionen ist grundsätzlich ein Nachweis der Verformungen erforderlich. Ausgehend von allgemeinen Betrachtungen zum Nachweis der Bauteilverformungen werden wesentliche materialseitige Einflüsse auf die Verformungsvorhersage diskutiert. Es wird deutlich, dass eine genaue Berechnung der Verformung nur bedingt möglich ist. Am Beispiel der Vorpommernbrücke über die Warnow in Rostock wird der Einfluss von nichtlinearen Materialgesetzen auf die Verformungsvorhersage verdeutlicht. Der Vergleich der Berechnungsergebnisse mit den Messwerten der Verformungen ergab eine gute Übereinstimmung.

Comparison of Calculated and Measured Deformations of the West‐Pomerania‐Bridge in Rostock

Generally, a proof of the deformations of prestressed concreteconstructions is required. On the basis of a general consideration of the structural deformations the influence of significant material characteristics on the predicted deformations is discussed in this paper. It will be obvious, that an accurate estimation is only possible in a restricted manner. The West‐Pomerania‐Bridge over the Warnow in Rostock serves as an example, to show the influence of non‐linear material‐laws on the predicted deformations. The comparison of the calculated deformations with the measurements results in a good agreement.
Tragverhalten und Dauerhaftigkeit einer schlanken Textilbetonbrücke
Authors: Hegger Josef , Kulas Christian , Raupach Michael , Büttner Till
Published: January 2011

Auf der Schwäbischen Alb wurde eine ältere Fußgängerbrücke aus Stahlbeton durch eine neue Brücke aus Textilbeton ersetzt, die durch die Kombination von textilbewehrtem Beton und einer Vorspannung ohne Verbund eine außergewöhnliche Schlankheit erreicht. Bei einer Betondeckung von nur 1,5 cm für die Bewehrung aus technischen Textilien war ein im Vergleich zu Stahlbetonbauteilen ungewöhnlich filigraner mehrstegiger Plattenbalkenquerschnitt als Überbau ausführbar. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden Untersuchungen zu den Werkstoffen, zum Tragverhalten und zur Dauerhaftigkeit vorgestellt. Das Tragwerk, die Bemessung und Konstruktion sowie insbesondere das Schwingungsverhalten sind Gegenstand eines separaten Beitrags in diesem Heft.

Load‐Bearing Behavior and Durability of a Slender Textile Reinforced Concrete Bridge

An older pedestrian bridge was replaced by a new bridge made of textile reinforced concrete (TRC) in Southern Germany. A remarkable slenderness was achieved by using a combination of TRC and an unbounded prestressing. The concrete cover of only 1,5 cm makes it possible to design an uncommonly slender Tbeam with seven webs and which is used as superstructure. The article deals with the experimental investigations of the material properties, load‐bearing behaviour and durability. The design and construction, especially the dynamic behaviour, of the bearing structure is described in a separate article in this issue.
Resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients without cirrhosis
Authors: Smoot R L , Nagorney D M , Chandan V S , Que F G , Schleck C D , Harmsen W S , Kendrick M L
Published: January 2011

Background

Outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without cirrhosis and factors associated with disease progression remain unclear. The goals of this single-institution study were to define the outcomes for such patients, and to determine factors associated with survival and disease progression.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of consecutive patients with HCC without cirrhosis who underwent hepatic resection between 1985 and 2003. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and risk factors were identified by Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

A total of 143 patients were enrolled, of whom 29·4 per cent had identifiable risk factors for chronic liver disease. Major resection (at least three segments) was undertaken in 63·6 per cent of patients. The operative mortality rate was 3·5 per cent. Median disease-free survival was 2·4 years. Multivariable analysis revealed presence of multiple tumours as the only independent predictor of tumour recurrence. Median overall survival was 3·3 years. Factors independently associated with decreased overall survival were multiple tumours, high histological grade, perioperative transfusion, male sex and age at least 66 years.

Conclusion

Patients with HCC but without cirrhosis have acceptable outcomes after resection. Specific risk factors for the development of HCC in these patients have yet to be defined.
Size‐ and Shape‐Dependent Activity of Metal Nanoparticles as Hydrogen‐Evolution Catalysts: Mechanistic Insights into Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Kotani Hiroaki , Hanazaki Ryo , Ohkubo Kei , Yamada Yusuke , Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: January 2011

The catalytic activity of Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) with different sizes and shapes was investigated in a photocatalytic hydrogen‐evolution system composed of the 9‐mesityl‐10‐methylacridinium ion (Acr+–Mes: photocatalyst) and dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH: electron donor), based on rates of hydrogen evolution and electron transfer from one‐electron‐reduced species of Acr+–Mes (Acr.–Mes) to PtNPs. Cubic PtNPs with a diameter of (6.3±0.6) nm exhibited the maximum catalytic activity. The observed hydrogen‐evolution rate was virtually the same as the rate of electron transfer from Acr.–Mes to PtNPs. The rate constant of electron transfer (ket) increased linearly with increasing proton concentration. When H+ was replaced by D+, the inverse kinetic isotope effect was observed for the electron‐transfer rate constant (ket(H)/ket(D)=0.47). The linear dependence of ket on proton concentration together with the observed inverse kinetic isotope effect suggests that proton‐coupled electron transfer from Acr.–Mes to PtNPs to form the PtH bond is the rate‐determining step for catalytic hydrogen evolution. When FeNPs were used instead of PtNPs, hydrogen evolution was also observed, although the hydrogen‐evolution efficiency was significantly lower than that of PtNPs because of the much slower electron transfer from Acr.–Mes to FeNPs.
Synthesis and Isomerization Studies of Cyclotrisazobiphenyl
Authors: Reuter Raphael , Wegner Hermann A.
Published: February 2011

We report an efficient synthesis of cyclotris[(E)‐3′‐(biphenyl‐3‐yldiazenyl)] compounds (CTBs). An unsubstituted CTB molecule is accessible in four steps in 10 % yield overall, whereas a hexa(methoxymethyl ether) CTB analogue was prepared in nine steps (26 % yield). The final macrocyclization step was accomplished in up to 80 % yield by using a metal‐template effect. Furthermore, the photochromic properties were investigated, and all four isomers were detected and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. A strong influence from the solvent and the irradiation wavelength on the switching process was observed. Irradiation in pyridine yielded the highest amount of the all‐Z isomer in the photostationary state. For a full conversion to the all‐E isomer, the reaction has to be heated to 45 °C. The isomerization to the all‐E isomer is slow at room temperature, with a half‐life time of the all‐Z isomer of more than nine days in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Conditions were established to access each possible isomer as the major component in the photostationary state.
ChemInform Abstract: A Series of New Ternary and Quaternary Compounds in the LiI—GaIII—TeIV—O System.
Authors: Kong Fang , Xu Xiang , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: February 2011

A systematic search of new compounds in the title system leads to the new isomeric ternary compounds (III) and (IV) (very low yield) and the quaternary compounds (VII) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Palladium Precatalyst Allows for the Fast Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions of Unstable Polyfluorophenyl and 2‐Heteroaryl Boronic Acids.
Authors: Kinzel Tom , Zhang Yong , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: February 2011

Polyfluorophenylboronic acid and five‐membered heteroaromatic boronic acids are used as coupling partners for Suzuki—Miyaura reactions in the presence of a newly developed precatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolidine‐Based Dicationic Acidic Ionic Liquids: Efficient and Recyclable Catalysts for Esterifications.
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Zhao Yingwei , Li Zhen , Chen Jing , Xia Chungu
Published: February 2011

A highly efficient and eco‐friendly esterification is achieved by a series of novel dicationic ionic liquids (the most efficient is shown in the scheme).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed [1,3]‐O‐to‐C Rearrangement of Pyrans Toward Functionalized Cyclohexanones.
Authors: Brioche Julien C. R. , Barker Thomas A. , Whatrup David J. , Barker Michael D. , Harrity Joseph P. A.
Published: February 2011

Rearrangement of the pyran‐based aryl enol ethers proceeds with nearly complete diastereoselectivity affording the (E)‐trans products, regardless whether (E)‐ or (Z)‐substrates are being used.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl and Vinyl Triflates to Bromides and Chlorides.
Authors: Shen Xiaoqiang , Hyde Alan M. , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: February 2011

The palladium‐catalyzed conversion of aryl triflates to aryl bromides and chlorides is developed .
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Aldol Condensation Using Amine‐Functionalized SiO2—Al2O3 Mixed‐Oxide under Solvent‐Free Condition.
Authors: Abbaspourrad Alireza , Javad Kalbasi Roozbeh , Zamani Farzad
Published: February 2011

The effects of solvent, temperature, catalyst support and amine loading on conversion and selectivity are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Two‐Step Oxidative Cleavage of 1,2‐Arylalkenes to Aryl Ketones Instead of Arylaldehydes in an Aqueous Medium: A Complementary Approach to Ozonolysis.
Authors: Sharma Naina , Sharma Abhishek , Kumar Rakesh , Shard Amit , Sinha Arun K.
Published: February 2011

The title reaction is applicable to diverse aromatic and polyaromatic arylalkenes bearing electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing groups on the aromatic ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of 5‐Phenylthiazolidine‐2,4‐diones to Chiral α‐Ketoamides via α‐Elimination.
Authors: Munive Laura , Bernes Sylvain , Sansinenea Estibaliz , Ortiz Aurelio
Published: February 2011

Based‐mediated reaction of thiones (I) in the presence of acetyl chloride gives diones (III) which undergo unexpected rearrangement in basic media to produce aryl‐α‐ketoamides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Interconversion Between Acid Fluorides and Thioesters Controlled Using Heteroatom Acceptors.
Authors: Arisawa Mieko , Yamada Toru , Yamaguchi Masahiko
Published: February 2011

The equilibrium transfer can be used to synthesize acid fluorides in the presence of hexafluorobenzene [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Arylthiourea by Cetyltrimethylammonium Dichromate.
Authors: Sahu Sandhyamayee , Sahoo Prangya Rani , Patel Sabita , Mishra B. K.
Published: February 2011

If the reaction is carried out in the absence of acetic acid the yields of the desired products (II) decrease along with an increase of corresponding aryl isonitriles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐[3‐(2‐Aminoethylsulfanyl)propylsulfanyl]ethanamine Bearing Dansyl Subunits: An Efficient, Simple and Rapid Fluorometric Sensor for the Detection of Mercury(II) Ions.
Authors: Wanichacheva Nantanit , Kamkaew Anyanee , Watpathomsub Supranee , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran , Grudpan Kate
Published: February 2011

Title compound (I) exhibits highly sensitive and selective on‐off Hg2+ fluorescence quenching behavior in aqueous MeCN solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Skeletal Transformation of 1,4‐Dihydroxythioxanthen‐9‐one on Treatment with Iodic Acid: The First Construction of the 2‐(5‐Oxofuran‐2‐ylidene)‐1‐benzothienyl‐3‐one Core.
Authors: Loskutov Vladimir A. , Gatilov Yurii V. , Shteingarts Vitalij D.
Published: February 2011

Treatment of substrate (I) with HIO3 results in formation of the corresponding trione and an unexpected rearrangement product (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrroloindoles. Part 22. Optimization of Preparative Methods for Some Isomeric Pyrroloindoles.
Authors: Samsoniya Sh. A. , Chikvaidze I. Sh. , Kadzhrishvili D. O. , Targamadze N. L.
Published: February 2011

Two alternative routes for the synthesis of angular and linear pyrroloindoles are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of 4‐Chloropyrazoles.
Authors: Mateos Carlos , Mendiola Javier , Carpintero Mercedes , Minguez Jose Miguel
Published: February 2011

A library of 5‐arylchloropyrazoles is prepared using a wide range of para‐, meta‐substituted aryl bromides and a 3‐pyridyl bromide [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Certain Benzimidazole and Fused Benzimidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Eisa Hassan M. , Barghash Alaa‐eldin M. , Badr Sahar M. , Farahat Abdelbasset A.
Published: February 2011

Compounds (VI), (IX), (XIV), and (XVII) show interesting antibacterial activity against E.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 1‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
Authors: Raushel Jessica , Fokin Valery V.
Published: February 2011

Toluene and water prove to be optimal solvents and both conditions allow the preparation of various synthetically important target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel 5‐Substituted 4‐(1,3,4‐Thiadiazol‐2‐yl)benzene‐1,3‐diols.
Authors: Matysiak Joanna , Skrzypek Alicja , Niewiadomy Andrzej
Published: February 2011

Twelve target compounds are prepared in a one‐pot reaction and screened in vitro against 5 phytopathogenic fungi.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct Intramolecular C—H Amination Reaction Cocatalyzed by Copper(II) and Iron(III) as Part of an Efficient Route for the Synthesis of Pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles from N‐Aryl‐2‐aminopyridines.
Authors: Wang Honggen , Wang Yong , Peng Changlan , Zhang Jiancun , Zhu Qiang
Published: February 2011

Electron‐withdrawing substituents in the meta position of the aniline moiety and any position of the pyridine ring are unfavorable in this reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Thienopyridine Derivatives as Specific anti‐Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Agents: Synthesis, Preliminary Structure—Activity Relationships, and in vitro Biological Evaluation.
Authors: Yang Li , et al. et al.
Published: February 2011

The most potent compound (VIIa) exhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)‐specific anticancer activity and can specifically inhibit the proliferation of the human hepatoma HepG2 cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Easy and Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Bicyclic Pyrimidinones under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Guo Qi , Yang Haijun , Liu Hongxia , Jiang Yuyang , Fu Hua
Published: February 2011

The title pyrimidones, containing six‐, seven‐, or eight‐membered rings, are prepared via cascade reactions of corresponding 2‐bromocycloalk‐1‐enecarboxylic acids (I) with amidines or guanidines under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Polycarbonyl Compounds via Their BF2‐Adducts.
Authors: Kersten Laura , Roesner Stefan , Hilt Gerhard
Published: February 2011

1,4‐Hydrovinylation reaction of 2,3‐dimethyl‐ or 2,3‐dipropyl‐1,3‐butadienes [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Hypersilylated Aromatic Compounds by Palladium‐Mediated Arylation Reaction.
Authors: Lesbani Aldes , Kondo Hitoshi , Sato Jun‐ichi , Yamanoi Yoshinori , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: February 2011

A variety of variably substituted aryl iodides is transformed into the title hypersilylated compounds by a novel mild protocol, that leaves the Si‐Si bonds intact.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of a Chiral β‐Amino Acid Derivative by the Grignard Reaction of an Aspartic Acid Equivalent.
Authors: Pan Xianhua , et al. et al.
Published: February 2011

A novel approach to the enantiopure β‐amino acid derivative (IV), a key intermediate in the synthesis of the new dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor sitagliptin, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐pyrimido[5,4‐e][1,2,4]triazine‐5,7‐(1H,6H)‐dione Libraries: Derivatives of Toxoflavin
Authors: Todorovic Nick , Giacomelli Andrew , Hassell John A. , Frampton Christopher S. , Capretta Alfredo
Published: February 2011

15 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Flavonoids from Dracocephalum tanguticum and Their Cardioprotective Effects Against Doxorubicin‐Induced Toxicity in H9c2 Cells
Authors: Wang Shu‐Qi , Han Xiu‐Zhen , Li Xia , Ren Dong‐Mei , Wang Xiao‐Ning , Lou Hong‐Xiang
Published: February 2011

isolation, structure elucidation and evaluation of antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of 17 flavonoids including the new flavonoids (I) and (II), preliminary structure—activity relationships
ChemInform Abstract: New Stilbenoid with Inhibitory Activity on Viral Neuraminidases from Erythrina addisoniae.
Authors: Nguyen Phi Hung , Na MinKyun , Dao Trong Tuan , Ndinteh Derek Tantoh , Mbafor Joseph Tanyi , Park Jaeyoung , Cheong Hyeonsook , Oh Won Keun
Published: February 2011

Two new stilbenoids (I) and (II) are isolated along with seven known flavonoid compounds from the root bark of Erythrina addisoniae.
ChemInform Abstract: An Organic White Light‐Emitting Dye: Very Small Molecular Architecture Displays Panchromatic Emission.
Authors: Nandhikonda Premchendar , Heagy Michael D.
Published: February 2011

The title compound (Ia) displays blue, green and white light emission depending on the excitation wavelength.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonylchromium Chalcogenide Complexes: Synthesis, Reactivity and Properties
Authors: Shieh Ming‐Huey , Miu Chia‐Yeh
Published: February 2011

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Metal—Metal Multiply Bonded Paddlewheel Compounds
Authors: Patmore Nathan J.
Published: February 2011

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation Reactions
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhang Aiqin
Published: February 2011

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Optical Resolution of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Through Molecular Recognition with Chiral Diporphyrin Nanotweezers
Authors: Peng Xiaobin , Wang Feng , Bauri Ajoy Kumar , Rahman A. F. M. Mustafizur , Komatsu Naoki
Published: February 2011

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modes of Coordination and Stereochemistry of Nitrate Groups in Organic and Organometallic Nitrates
Authors: Morozov I. V. , Serezhkin V. N. , Troyanov S. I.
Published: February 2011

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: γ‐Carbolines and Their Hydrogenated Derivatives. Part 2. Hydrogenated Derivatives of γ‐Carbolines: Methods of Synthesis
Authors: Alekseyev R. S. , Kurkin A. V. , Yurovskaya M. A.
Published: February 2011

Review: 145 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Aminopyrimidines. Part 2.
Authors: Dwivedi Parmesh Kumar , Tripathi Kishu , Mishra Mamta
Published: February 2011

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Aziridination of Styrenes
Authors: Lebel Helene , Parmentier Michael
Published: February 2011

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Functionalized β‐Lactams as Building Blocks in Heterocyclic Chemistry
Authors: D'Hooghe Matthias , Dekeukeleire Stijn , Leemans Erika , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: February 2011

Review: 58 refs.
BZM055, an Iodinated Radiotracer Candidate for PET and SPECT Imaging of Myelin and FTY720 Brain Distribution
Authors: Briard Emmanuelle , Orain David , Beerli Christian , Billich Andreas , Streiff Markus , Bigaud Marc , Auberson Yves P.
Published: January 2011

FTY720 (fingolimod, Gilenya®) is a sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator that shows significant therapeutic efficacy after oral administration to patients of multiple sclerosis. Because FTY720 does not contain any atom whose PET or SPECT radioisotope would have a half‐life compatible with its pharmacokinetic properties, it cannot be used directly for imaging. Instead, we propose BZM055 as a surrogate tracer to study its pharmacokinetics and organ distribution in patients and, given that FTY720 accumulates in myelin sheaths, for myelin imaging. BZM055 (2 a, 2‐iodo‐FTY720) can be easily radiolabeled with 123I (for SPECT) or 124I (for PET). Not only does it closely mimic the pharmacokinetics and organ distribution of FTY720, but also its affinity, selectivity for S1P receptors, phosphorylation kinetics, and overall physicochemical properties. [123I]BZM055 is currently under development for clinical imaging.
Pulmonary toxicity related to systemic treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: De Sanctis Alice , Taillade Laurent , Vignot Stephane , Novello Silvia , Conforti Rosa , Spano Jean Philippe , Scagliotti Giorgio Vittorio , Khayat David
Published: January 2011

Physicians who are responsible for the delivery of systemic treatment in lung cancer should be aware of the potential risk of drug‐induced pulmonary toxicity (DIPT), because such toxicity may develop in the context of a multifactorial clinical condition. First, most patients with lung cancer may suffer from other non‐neoplastic, smoking‐related lung diseases, such as emphysema and chronic obstructive lung disease, which may generate pathologic changes in lung parenchyma. In addition, lung cancer itself may worsen the respiratory function, inducing atelectasis and lymphangitic carcinomatosis. The superimposed iatrogenic damage may lead to respiratory failure and, sometimes, death. The risk of DIPT from chemotherapeutic agents has been widely examined in the past; and, currently, the potential for lung toxicity has been extended by the introduction of molecular targeted therapies. Because there are no univocal criteria with which to recognize DIPT, the diagnosis often is made by exclusion; consequently, it is hard to establish an early diagnosis. The objective of this review was to describe the major DIPTs associated with antineoplastic agents against nonsmall cell lung cancer to help physicians with this difficult diagnostic challenge. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Rapid IgE desensitization is antigen specific and impairs early and late mast cell responses targeting FcεRI internalization
Authors: Sancho‐Serra Maria del Carmen , Simarro Maria , Castells Mariana
Published: January 2011

Rapid IgE desensitization provides temporary tolerization for patients who have presented severe hypersensitivity reactions to food and drugs, protecting them from anaphylaxis, but the underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Thus, here we develop an effective and reproducible in vitro model of rapid IgE desensitization for mouse BM‐derived mast cells (BMMCs) under physiologic calcium conditions, and we characterize its antigen specificity and primary events. BMMCs were challenged with DNP‐human serum albumin conjugated (DNP‐HSA) and/or OVA antigens, delivered either as a single dose (activation) or as increasing sequential doses (desensitization). Compared to activated cells, desensitized BMMCs had impaired degranulation, calcium flux, secretion of arachidonic acid products, early and late TNF‐α production, IL‐6 production, and phosphorylation of STAT6 and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). OVA‐desensitized cells responded to DNP and DNP‐desensitized cells responded to OVA, proving specificity. Internalization of specific antigen, IgE and high‐affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) were impaired in desensitized BMMCs. Our results demonstrate that rapid IgE desensitization is antigen specific and inhibits early and late mast cell activation responses and internalization of the antigen/IgE/FcεRI complexes.
Anti‐inflammatory actions of phosphatidylinositol
Authors: van Dieren Jolanda M. , Simons‐Oosterhuis Ytje , Raatgeep H. C. (Rolien) , Lindenbergh‐Kortleve Dicky J. , Lambers Margaretha E. H. , van der Woude C. Janneke , Kuipers Ernst J. , Snoek Gerry T. , Potman Ron , Hammad Hamida , Lambrecht Bart N. , Samsom Janneke N. , Nieuwenhuis Edward E. S.
Published: January 2011

Chronic inflammatory T‐cell‐mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often treated with immunosuppressants including corticosteroids. In addition to the intended T‐cell suppression, these farmacons give rise to many side effects. Recently, immunosuppressive phospholipids have been proposed as less‐toxic alternatives. We aimed to investigate the immunoregulatory capacities of the naturally occurring phospholipid phosphatidylinositol (PI). Systemic PI treatment dramatically reduced disease severity and intestinal inflammation in murine 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis. Moreover, PI treatment inhibited the inflammatory T‐cell response in these mice, as T cells derived from colon‐draining LN of PI‐treated mice secreted less IL‐17 and IFN‐γ upon polyclonal restimulation when compared to those of saline‐treated mice. Further characterization of the suppressive capacity of PI revealed that the phospholipid suppressed Th cell differentiation in vitro irrespective of their cytokine profile by inhibiting proliferation and IL‐2 release. In particular, PI diminished IL‐2 mRNA expression and inhibited ERK1‐, ERK‐2‐, p38‐ and JNK‐phosphorylation. Crucially, PI did not ablate Treg differentiation or the antigen‐presenting capacity of DCs in vitro. These data validate PI as a pluripotent inhibitor that can be applied mucosally as well as systemically. Its compelling functions render PI a promising novel physiological immune suppressant.
Expression of IL‐10‐triggered STAT3‐dependent IL‐4Rα is required for induction of arginase 1 in visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Biswas Arunima , Bhattacharya Arijit , Kar Susanta , Das Pijush K.
Published: January 2011

Although enhanced macrophage‐specific arginase activity is directly related to increased parasite burden in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the regulation and precise role of arginase in the disease outcome of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has yet to be explored. As in CL, BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani showed increased levels of arginase in acute infection. Arginase 1 is the major isoform associated with infection and while the IL‐4‐induced arginase pathway is operative in CL, IL‐10 plays a crucial role in modulating arginase activity in VL, although a synergism with IL‐4 is required. IL‐10, in combination with IL‐4, regulated both in vivo and ex vivo arginase 1 induction in a STAT6 and C/EBPβ‐dependent fashion. Further investigation toward the cause of such synergism suggests that induction of a STAT3‐dependent IL‐10‐mediated cascade in VL triggers the expression and surface localization of the IL‐4 receptor alpha (IL‐4Rα) which, in turn, enhances IL‐4 responsiveness toward STAT6 and C/EBPβ‐dependent signaling for arginase 1. This could also offer a mechanistic explanation for the fact that, in spite of the low level of IL‐4 in VL, enhanced IL‐4‐Rα expression by IL‐10 might markedly amplify IL‐4‐mediated arginase 1 signaling and provide a possible mechanism for synergistic induction of arginase 1.