bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and psychometric assessment of a survey to measure specialty care coordination as experienced by primary care providers
Authors: Vimalananda Varsha G. , Meterko Mark , Qian Shirley , Wormwood Jolie B. , Solch MSW Amanda , Fincke Benjamin Graeme
Published: July 2020

Objective

To assess the psychometric properties and construct validity of a survey of primary care providers' (PCPs’) experience of specialty care coordination, which is a counterpart to our existing survey ("CSC‐Specialist") that measures specialists’ experience of specialty care coordination.

Data Sources

We surveyed PCPs from Veterans Health Administration medical centers and community‐based outpatient clinics nationwide (N = 1576) in April 2018.

Study Design

We developed candidate items through literature review, existing surveys, PCP interviews, and expert opinion. We used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to develop scales and multivariable linear regression to determine their association with PCPs’ overall experience of coordination.

Data Collection

The online survey included 23 candidate scale items about specialty care coordination and a single item asking respondents to rate their overall experience of specialty care coordination on a 0‐10 scale. All VA PCPs were eligible. We sent survey invitations to PCPs following local Section Chiefs’ email introduction (N = 926) and by directly emailing two random samples (N = 400 and N = 6653), overall response rate across the three nonoverlapping samples = 24 percent.

Principal Findings

Analyses identified 20 items forming 6 scales with strong psychometric properties and predictive power for overall coordination. Two scales are identical to CSC‐Specialist scales: "Communication" (k = 3, α = 0.87) and “Data Transfer” (k = 2, α = 0.92); one is similar: “Relationships and Collaboration” (k = 6, α = 0.90). The three remaining scales address the PCP’s unique perspective: “Role Clarity” (k = 3, α = 0.85), “Role Agreement” (k = 3, α = 0.75), and “Making Referrals” (k = 3, α = 0.75). The six scales together explained 67 percent of the variance in PCPs’ overall coordination experience with specialists.

Conclusions

The Coordination of Specialty Care‐Primary Care Provider Survey (CSC‐PCP) is a novel 20‐item survey that can be used in quality improvement or health services research, alone or in combination with the CSC‐Specialist, to evaluate coordination of care as experienced by either or both participants.
Propofol for migraine in the emergency department: A pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mitra Biswadev , Roman Cristina , Mercier Eric , Moloney John , Yip Gary , Khullar Keshav , Walsh Kieran , Smit De Villiers , Cameron Peter A
Published: July 2020

Objective

To test the administration of intravenous (i.v.) propofol at a procedural sedation dose compared to standard therapy for initial management of migraine in the ED.

Methods

This was an open label, randomised controlled pilot trial. Eligible patients were adults with a diagnosis of migraine and planned for treatment with i.v. medications. Patients were randomised to propofol or standard therapy groups. The primary outcome variable was time to discharge (TTD) defined as time from intervention to discharge from the ED. Secondary outcomes were safety of propofol administration and change in pain scores. A reduction of pain by ≥50% or discharge from the ED was defined as favourable. All analyses were performed on an intention‐to‐treat basis.

Results

Data from 29 patients were analysed, with 15 patients in the propofol group and 14 patients in the standard therapy group. TTD was significantly lower in the propofol group with median of 290 (interquartile range 162–500) min compared to 554.5 (interquartile range 534–639) min in the standard therapy group (P= 0.021). The hazard ratio for the defined favourable outcome of reduction of pain scores or discharge from the ED was 1.54 (95% CI 0.69–3.41).

Conclusions

Initial management of migraine with i.v. propofol at procedural sedation doses significantly reduced TTD compared to standard therapy. We did not detect any significant safety concerns although the study was not adequately powered to detect safety of the intervention and requires validation.
Myosuppressin influences fecundity in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Gui Shun‐Hua , Taning Clauvis Nji Tizi , Smagghe Guy
Published: July 2020

Insect neuropeptides regulate various physiological processes, such as reproduction, feeding, growth and development, and have been considered as viable targets in the development of alternative strategies for pest control. Amongst these neuropeptides is myosuppressin (MS), a very conserved neuropeptide that has been reported to regulate cardiac and skeletal muscle contractility, feeding and pupal diapause in insects. In this study, we investigated the involvement of MS in fecundity in a notorious defoliator of potato and other solanaceous plants, the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata. We identified an MS‐precursor‐encoding transcript in the L. decemlineata transcriptomic database and then evaluated its transcript levels in various CPB tissues. MS transcript levels were found to be highest in the central nervous system, gut and muscle of CPB males and females. To investigate the role of MS in fecundity, MS was silenced in adult CPBs through RNA interference (RNAi). This resulted in a significant reduction in oviposition (over 80%) and oocyte size (69%) in the treated beetles compared to the controls. Also, the reduction in oviposition in treated females was confirmed to be dependent on MS knockdown and independent of male fertilization. Furthermore, MS‐knockdown in females resulted in decreased levels of ecdysteroid hormone titers and the transcript levels of its receptor. Interestingly, the injection of 20‐hydroxyecdysone into females following MS knockdown could rescue ovary development. Altogether, this study highlights the important role played by MS in regulating fecundity in CPB.
New Zealand whole milk powder options
Authors: Aschakulporn Pakorn , Zhang Jin E.
Published: July 2020

This paper studies the New Zealand (NZ) dairy derivatives, specifically, whole milk powder (WMP) options, which have been the most actively traded options in NZ since their inception in November 2011. Using the methodology of Zhang and Xiang, the dynamics of the implied volatility smirk of WMP options is documented. Overall, the level, slope and curvature were found to be 0.2625, −0.0194 and 0.0756, respectively. Modifying the CBOE VIX methodology, the NZ Dairy Volatility Index is created; this exhibits a downward trend and is the second‐best predictor of WMP returns, after curvature, in the latest subsample – after 26 June 2017.
Anatomical, histological and immunohistochemical study of the tongue in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Abbate Francesco , Guerrera Maria Cristina , Levanti Maria , Laurà Rosaria , Aragona Marialuisa , Mhalhel Kamel , Montalbano Giuseppe , Germanà Antonino
Published: July 2020

The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) is a fish commercially farmed all over the world. These fish are usually fed, in aquaculture, with pellets rich in proteins and fat. It is well known that there are close relationships among the adaptation of vertebrates to their environment, the capacity and the modality of feeding and the oral cavity morphology, especially the tongue one. No data are so far available about the morphology of the rainbow trout tongue, and therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate by light, scanning electron and confocal laser microscopy, the morphological characteristics of the tongue. An apex, a body and a root can be distinguished in the tongue, and the presence of teeth, taste buds and fungiform‐like papillae was demonstrated. Light microscopy shows the presence of an adipose tissue pad in the deeper layer of the apex and in the most superficial layer of the root. In the deeper layer of the body, a triangular‐shaped pad consisting of fusiform cells immersed in abundant extracellular matrix of the mesenchymal tissue was observed. The confocal laser microscopy shows the presence of cells with a fibroblast‐like morphology positive for vimentin. In the deepest layer of the tongue root, a large area of osteo‐cartilaginous tissue was observed. The results, besides the description of the morphological characteristics of the tongue, related to studies regarding the feeding, could be considered for the eventual applications of the use of mesenchymal cells, observed in adult fish, in cell therapies in different pathologies.
A folded model for compositional data analysis
Authors: Tsagris Michail , Stewart Connie
Published: July 2020

A folded type model is developed for analysing compositional data. The proposed model involves an extension of theα‐transformation for compositional data and provides a new and flexible class of distributions for modelling data defined on the simplex sample space. Despite its rather seemingly complex structure, employment of the EM algorithm guarantees efficient parameter estimation. The model is validated through simulation studies and examples which illustrate that the proposed model performs better in terms of capturing the data structure, when compared to the popular logistic normal distribution, and can be advantageous over a similar model without folding.
Assessing bulk emulsification at the silicone oil – saline solution interface in a 3D model of the eye
Authors: Wang Ru , Snead Martin , Alexander Philip , Ian Wilson D.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Emulsification of silicone oil (SiOil) in a vitrectomized eye was investigated using a 3D model of the vitreous cavity to test the hypothesis that oil droplet formation arises from the breakdown of the bulk SiOil‐aqueous interface during eye saccadic movement.

Methods

Round bottom flasks filled with SiOil and a saline phase modelled the vitrectomized SiOil‐filled eye. A stepper motor imposed saccadic movements and the oil/aqueous interface was monitored with digital cameras. A range of SiOil viscosities, flask diameters, motion scenarios and levels of fill were studied. Estimates of velocity profiles in the fluid on the equatorial plane of a sphere subject to saccadic motion were obtained from an analytical solution to the Navier‐Stokes equations.

Results

Interfacial waves were observed at saccadic motions with higher acceleration, amplitude and frequency. Low interfacial tension between the two fluids, lower oil viscosity and smaller level of SiOil fill all promoted large deformations of the interface. No droplets were formed at the bulk SiOil‐aqueous interface. However, formation and detachment of oil droplets were observed at the three‐phase contact line under certain conditions.

Conclusions

The stresses generated at the liquid‐liquid interface are not large enough to form droplets in the bulk region for conditions representative of these in the eye. Bulk emulsification of the SiOil, reported as the main formation mechanism by some workers, is not responsible for droplet formation in a vitrectomized SiOil‐filled eye set‐up. This result confirms recent finding on droplet formation driven by a surface emulsification mechanism.
Effect of malignant‐associated pleural effusion on endothelial viability, motility and angiogenesis in lung cancer
Authors: Changchien Chih‐Ying , Chen Ying , Chang Hsin‐Han , Chang Shan‐Yueh , Tsai Wen‐Chiuan , Tsai Hao‐Chung , Wang Chieh‐Yung , Lee Herng‐Sheng , Tsai Chen‐Liang
Published: July 2020

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and paramalignant pleural effusion (PPE) remain debilitating complications in lung cancer patients with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The role of vascular endothelial cells has not been explored in the pleural environment of lung cancer. By integrating MPE and PPE as malignant‐associated pleural fluid (MAPF), the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of MAPF on cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HUVEC. First, increased capillaries were identified in the subpleural layer of lung adenocarcinoma. Compatible with pathological observations, the ubiquitous elevation of HUVEC survival was identified in MAPF culture regardless of the underlying cancer type, the driver gene mutation, prior treatments and evidence of malignant cells in pleural fluid. Moreover, MAPF enhanced HUVEC motility with the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia and focal adhesion complex. Tube formation assay revealed angiogenic behavior with the observation of sheet‐like structures. HUVEC cultured with MAPF resulted in a significant increase in MAPK phosphorylation. Accompanied with VEGFR2 upregulation in MAPF culture, there was increased expressions of p‐STAT3, HIF‐1α and Nf‐kB. VEGF/VEGFR2 blockade regressed endothelial migration and angiogenesis but not cell proliferation. Our data indicate the angiogenic activities of MAPF on vascular endothelial cells that revealed increased pleural capillaries in lung cancer. Targeting the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway might modulate the angiogenic propensity of MAPF in future clinical investigations.
Young Children’s Memories for Social Actions: Influences of Age, Theory of Mind, and Motor Complexity
Authors: Gerson Sarah A. , Meyer Marlene
Published: July 2020

Children learn actions performed by a social partner better when they misremember these actions as their own. Identifying the factors that alter the propensity to make appropriation errors is critical for optimizing social learning. In two experiments (N = 110), we investigate the developmental trajectory of appropriation errors and examine social‐cognitive and motor‐related factors in 3‐ to 8‐year‐olds. Children with better theory of mind (ToM) skills made fewer appropriation errors for motorically complex actions. Appropriation errors did not differ as a function of ToM if children could perform the corresponding actions. A second experiment replicated this effect and found no influence of collaborative context on appropriation errors. This research sheds light on the complex relations among development, social‐cognition, and motor‐related factors.
Asthma and fixed airflow obstruction: Long‐term trajectories suggest distinct endotypes
Authors: Smith Benjamin M. , Zhao Nan , Olivenstein Ronald , Lemiere Catherine , Hamid Qutayba , Martin James G.
Published: July 2020

Background

Long‐term trajectories of asthma with fixed airflow obstruction (FAO) may reveal links to inflammatory endotypes.

Objective

We investigated whether measures of asthma control and airway inflammation and remodelling differed by long‐term FAO status in moderate‐to‐severe asthma.

Methods

Adults enrolled in the Difficult Asthma Study assessed initially using serial Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), exacerbation history, spirometry and sputum cytology over 12 months, as well as endoscopic bronchial biopsy with airway smooth muscle (ASM) quantification, were revaluated three or more years later with questionnaires and spirometry. FAO was defined as a persistent post‐bronchodilator forced expired volume in one second (FEV1)‐to‐forced vital capacity ratio below 0.70.

Results

Sixty‐two participants (mean ± SD age 48 ± 11 years; 50% female; 75% atopic; asthma duration 24 ± 14 years) returned for follow‐up assessment (median interval 7.9 years; IQR: 5.4‐8.8 years). Compared to participants without FAO (n = 28), those with FAO at baseline and long‐term follow‐up (n = 18) had higher baseline sputum neutrophil content and ASM, and a higher exacerbation frequency that persisted at long‐term follow‐up. Sputum eosinophils, ACQ and long‐term FEV1 decline did not differ. Participants with incident FAO at long‐term follow‐up (n = 16) had higher baseline exacerbation frequency, sputum eosinophil content, higher ACQ scores and greater decline in FEV1, whereas baseline ASM was similar to those without FAO.

Conclusion

In moderate‐to‐severe asthma, long‐term FAO is characterized by neutrophilic sputum inflammation and airway remodelling, but FEV1 decline is similar to those without FAO. Long‐term incident FAO is preceded by higher exacerbation frequency, higher sputum eosinophil content and significant FEV1 decline.
Serum level of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as a disease severity marker of myasthenia gravis: a pilot study
Authors: Uzawa A , Kojima Y , Ozawa Y , Yasuda M , Onishi Y , Akamine H , Kawaguchi N , Himuro K , Kuwabara S
Published: July 2020

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoantibody-mediated inflammatory disease of the neuromuscular junction. Biomarkers indicating disease activity in MG are warranted. Recently, the soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been reported to be associated with inflammation, tissue damage, disease activity and prognosis in various diseases, including autoimmune diseases. In this study, serum suPAR levels were measured in 40 patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive MG and 30 controls, and their correlations with clinical variables and severity scale scores were investigated. We identified that serum suPAR levels significantly correlated with MG activities of daily living scale (Spearman's ρ = 0·45; P = 0·004) and MG Foundation of America classification (Spearman's ρ = 0·37; P = 0·02) at serum sampling, but not with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody titers. In conclusion, serum suPAR levels can be a candidate for a novel biomarker of disease activity in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive MG.
Endoscopic mask innovation and protective measures changes during the coronavirus disease‐2019 pandemic: Experience from a Chinese hepato‐biliary‐pancreatic unit
Authors: Tian Qing , Yan Xiaodong , Shi Rui , Wang Guijie , Xu Xiaomei , Wang Hongyan , Wang Qingqing , Yang Long , Liu Zirong , Wang Lanying , Bahadur Shrestha Dhan , Zhang Yamin
Published: July 2020

Endoscopy is widely used as a clinical diagnosis and treatment method for certain hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases. However, due to the distinctive epidemiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus causing coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), healthcare providers are exposed to the patient's respiratory and gastrointestinal fluids, rendering endoscopy a high risk for transmitting a nosocomial infection. This article introduces preventive measures for endoscopic treatment enacted in our medical center during COVID‐19, including the adjustment of indications, the application of endoscope protective equipment, the design and application of endoscopic masks and splash‐proof films, and novel recommendations for bedside endoscope pre‐sterilization.
Cost‐effectiveness of botulinum neurotoxin A versus surgery for drooling: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bekkers Stijn , van Ulsen Kim J , M M Adang Eddy , R T Scheffer Arthur , J A van den Hoogen Frank
Published: July 2020

Aim

This study compared the cost‐effectiveness of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) injections with two‐duct ligation of the submandibular glands as treatment for severe drooling after one treatment cycle.

Method

The study was part of a larger, partly single‐blinded, randomized clinical trial (trialregister.nl identifier NTR3537). Data were collected between 2012 and 2017. Evaluation was at 32 weeks after one treatment cycle. Fifty‐seven patients with cerebral palsy or other neurological, non‐progressive disorders and severe drooling classified as having a drooling frequency ≥3 or a drooling severity ≥2, in whom conservative treatment was deemed ineffective, were randomized to treatment by BoNT‐A or two‐duct ligation. An incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated using the success rates as the measure of benefit. Treatment success was defined as a decrease ≥50% from baseline to 32 weeks in the subjective visual analogue scale for the severity of drooling or the objective drooling quotient.

Results

Fifty‐three patients were analysed (22 females, 31 males; mean age 11y, range 8–22y). Average costs for one treatment cycle, which included one BoNT‐A injection, were €1929 (standard error 62) for BoNT‐A and €3155 (standard error 99) for two‐duct ligation. Treatment success was in favour of two‐duct ligation (63% vs 27%; number needed to treat 3). The ICER was €34 per 1% gain in treatment success in favour of two‐duct ligation versus BoNT‐A.

Interpretation

The additional cost of two‐duct ligation is to some extent offset by a larger treatment success rate compared with BoNT‐A.

What this paper adds

Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) is less expensive per percentage of success than two‐duct ligation.

The additional cost of two‐duct ligation over BoNT‐A is offset by greater treatment success.
Outcomes of long‐term anticoagulant treatment for the secondary prophylaxis of splanchnic venous thrombosis
Authors: Serrao Alessandra , Merli Manuela , Lucani Benedetta , Aprile Francesca , Fiori Luciano , Gioia Stefania , Breccia Massimo , Riggio Olivero , Chistolini Antonio
Published: July 2020

Background

Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) is an uncommon but potentially life‐threatening disease usually related to different underlying clinical conditions. The risk of SVT recurrences is high over time in patients with an underlying permanent prothrombotic condition. Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) represent the mainstay of treatment for SVT. Data about the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are reported in the literature for the treatment of acute SVT, but less is known about their application for the secondary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of long‐term DOACs therapy in patients at high‐risk of thrombosis, compared to VKA.

Methods

This is a retrospective single‐centre study including 70 patients with SVT on long‐term anticoagulant treatment with VKA followed‐up at our Units between January 2017 and December 2019. All the patients were at high thrombotic risk defined as the presence of a permanent prothrombotic condition requiring long‐term anticoagulation. During follow‐up, 28 patients were shifted to DOACs and their clinical outcomes were compared to those of the patients who continued VKA therapy. All the arterial and venous thrombotic events of the splanchnic and extra‐splanchnic districts as well as the haemorrhagic adverse events occurring during follow‐up were recorded.

Results

Of the seventy patients enrolled in the study, 36 patients (51.4%) had a single‐segment involvement thrombosis (28.5% of portal vein, 7.1% of superior mesenteric vein, 4.3% of splenic vein, 11.5% of hepatic veins) and 34 patients (48.6%) had multi‐segment involvement at the time of diagnosis. 42 patients (60%) continued VKA therapy and 28 (40%) were switched to DOACs. Median follow‐up was 6 years (range 2‐8) during VKA and 1.9 years (range 1‐5.2) during DOACs. The incidence of thrombotic events was similar between patients on VKA and those on DOACs. Patients on VKA developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and of the patients on DOACs 1 developed NSTEMI and 1 DVT. No major haemorrhagic events occurred. Minor bleedings occurred in 26% of patients on VKA and in none of the DOACs patients (P: 0.09).

Conclusions

Our results highlight that DOACs could represent an effective and safe alternative to the VKA for secondary prophylaxis in SVT patients at high risk of thrombosis.
Different groups of ground‐dwelling spiders share similar trophic niches in temperate forests
Authors: Zuev Andrey , Heidemann Kerstin , Leonov Vladislav , Schaefer Ina , Scheu Stefan , Tanasevitch Andrei , Tiunov Alexei , Tsurikov Sergey , Potapov Anton
Published: July 2020

Generalistic interactions between predator and prey may vary with ecosystem type, predator traits, and prey traits, but the interplay of these factors has not been assessed in ground food webs.

We investigated trophic interactions of ground‐dwelling spiders across eight forests in European Russia associated with body size, hunting strategy, microhabitat specialization, potential prey type, potential prey population density, and forest type (coniferous vs. broadleaved). We analyzed 128 individual spiders, including juveniles, all identified to the family level with two complementary methods: molecular gut content analysis, and stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen.

The results suggest that feeding frequency of spiders is affected by predator body size and by selection of certain prey type. Stable isotope analysis showed similar trophic niches among spider families, varying moderately with forest type. Larger spiders had higher Δ13C values than smaller ones, but similar Δ15N values, suggesting that different size classes of spiders belong to different food chains. Results based on stable isotope and molecular gut content analyses were weakly linked, indicating them targeting different trophic niche dimensions.

At least for the group‐level interactions, family identity and hunting strategy of predator has little predictive power while predator body size and prey traits affected trophic niche dimensions calling for future studies in this direction. Large spiders feed more and rely on different basal resources than small spiders, suggesting that including small species and juveniles provides a more comprehensive picture of food web organization.
Pre‐pulse inhibition deficits in individuals at clinical high‐risk for psychosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Weidi , Mao Zhen , Bo Qijing , Sun Yue , Wang Zhimin , Wang Chuanyue
Published: July 2020

Aim

Neurophysiological markers of schizophrenia may help identify individuals who are at an increased risk of developing psychosis. As an operational measure of sensorimotor gating, pre‐pulse inhibition (PPI) deficit has been investigated in clinical high‐risk (CHR) individuals. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that investigated PPI in CHR individuals.

Methods

Relevant studies published as of July 2019 were retrieved from the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, PscyINFO, EBSCO and Chinese databases. PPI was evaluated by calculating the standard mean differences (SMDs) between CHR individuals and healthy controls (HC) in meta‐analysis. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. I2 index was used to assess heterogeneity and Egger's test was used to assess publication bias.

Results

Eight studies were found to be eligible. The meta‐analysis included five studies with a combined study population of 184 CHR subjects and 161 HC. CHR individuals showed lower PPI levels compared to HC in 120 ms inter‐stimulus interval or stimulus onset asynchrony paradigm (P = .491, SMD = −0.62). No significant heterogeneity was observed in 120 ms PPI paradigm (χ2 = 3.41, P = .491, I2 = 0.0%).

Conclusion

CHR individuals had lower PPI level compared to HC in 120 ms paradigm, which were relatively stable and significant. The results indicate the presence of information processing and inhibitory problems prior to the development of full‐blown psychosis. PPI may be clinically used as an objective indicator to supplement the understanding of CHR individuals.
Marker chromosome is a strong poor prognosis factor after allogeneic HSCT for adverse‐risk AML patients
Authors: Fuse Kyoko , Tanaka Tomoyuki , Shibasaki Yasuhiko , Furukawa Tatsuo , Narita Miwako , Sone Hirohito , Masuko Masayoshi
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Chromosome analysis is necessary for the risk classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Marker chromosome (MC) is a fragmented chromosome whose origin cannot be identified from other chromosomes and originates from marked genomic instability. Although AML with MC (MC+) has a poor prognosis even after intensive chemotherapy, its influence on the outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is unclear.

Objective and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 162 AML patients after allo‐HSCT. To evaluate the significance of MC, we compared it with other chromosomal abnormalities.

Result

Marker chromosome was detected in 14 (8.6%, MC+) patients (vs MC−, n = 158). The 2‐year overall survival (OS) in MC+ vs MC− was 26.8% vs 62.2% (P = .0098). The 2‐year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) in MC+ vs MC− was 80.4% vs 35.5% (P = .0004). Among adverse‐risk AML (AD‐AML, n = 36), AD‐AML/MC+ (n = 11) demonstrated a poorer 2‐year OS (9.1%, vs AD‐AML/MC− n = 25, 58.3%, P = .0031) and higher 2‐year CIR (89.6%, vs AD‐AML/MC− 44.7%, P = .002). In multivariate analysis, MC (HR 3.08, 95% CI; 1.02‐9.29, P = .046) and HCT‐CI (HR 3.23, 95% CI; 1.00‐10.4, P = .049) were independent risk factors for CIR among AD‐AML.

Conclusion

Our study suggests MC as a new independent factor for chromosome risk classification to further classify AD‐AML.
Argumentation Surrounding Argument‐Based Validation: A Systematic Review of Validation Methodology in Peer‐Reviewed Articles
Authors: Lavery Matthew Ryan , Bostic Jonathan D. , Kruse Lance , Krupa Erin E. , Carney Michele B.
Published: July 2020

Since it was formalized by Kane, the argument‐based approach to validation has been promoted as the preferred method for validating interpretations and uses of test scores. Because validation is discussed in terms of arguments, and arguments are both interactive and social, the present review systematically examines the scholarly arguments which appear in 83 papers on argument‐based validation methods published in peer‐reviewed journals. Findings suggest that scholars generally agree on the nature and importance of argument‐based validation but disagree on whether validation should be structured or unstructured, formal or informal. Implications are discussed, including promotion of theStandards for Educational and Psychological Testing(AERA, APA, and NCME) as a foundation for consensus in the field.
The increasing antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Iran: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sholeh Mohammad , Maleki Farajolah , Krutova Marcela , Bavari Shirin , Golmoradi Rezvan , Sadeghifard Nourkhoda , Amiriani Taghi , Kouhsari Ebrahim
Published: July 2020

Background

Antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori can result in eradication failure. Metadata on the antimicrobial resistance of H pylori in Iran could help to formulate H pylori eradication strategies in Iran.

Methods

A systematic review was performed after searching in MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. A meta‐analysis was performed, and a comparison of the rates between children and adults; time periods (1999‐2010, 2011‐2016, 2017‐2019); and the methods used was carried out.

Results

A total of 66 studies investigating 5936 H pylori isolates were analyzed. The weighted pooled resistance (WPR) rates were as follows: clarithromycin 21% (95% CI 16‐26), metronidazole 62% (95% 57‐67), clarithromycin in combination with metronidazole 16% (95% CI 10‐23), ciprofloxacin 24% (95% CI 15‐33), levofloxacin 18% (95% CI 9‐30), erythromycin 29% (95% CI 12‐50), furazolidone 13% (95% CI 4‐27), tetracycline 8% (95% CI 5‐13), and amoxicillin 15% (95% CI 9‐22). During the three time periods, there was an increased resistance to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, furazolidone, and tetracycline (P ˂ .05). Furazolidone and a clarithromycin/metronidazole combination had the higher resistance rates in children (P ˂ .05).

Conclusion

An increasing rate of resistance to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, furazolidone, and tetracycline in Iranian H pylori isolates was identified. In children, the resistance to furazolidone and a combination of clarithromycin and metronidazole is higher compared to adults. As a stable, high resistance to metronidazole was found in children and adults in all Iranian provinces, we suggest that metronidazole should not be included in the Iranian H pylori eradication scheme.
Physicochemical effects of nanosilica on C3A/C3S hydration
Authors: Hou Pengkun , Wang Xinming , Zhao Piqi , Wang Kejin , Kawashima Shiho , Li Qinfei , Xie Ning , Cheng Xin , Shah Surendra P.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, C3A‐gypsum and C3A‐C3S‐gypsum model cement systems with and without nanosilica were studied. The effects of nanosilica on the early stage cement hydration, particularly C3A hydration, were assessed through the heat of hydration (isothermal calorimetry), phase assemblage (quantitative X‐ray diffraction), zeta potential, ion concentration measurements, and morphology (scanning electron microscopy) examinations. The results indicate that while promoting C3S hydration, nanosilica retarded C3A hydration in both the systems studied. The retardation was caused by the adsorption and coverage of nanosilica on C3A surfaces through the electrostatic interaction, thus decreasing the C3A dissolution rate and hindering the precipitation of hydration products. Consequently, the reduced gypsum consumption rate and the seeding effect of nanosilica further promoted C3S hydration. These findings suggest that nanosilica and other silica‐based nanoparticles can physicochemically influence hydration of cement‐based materials, and a better understanding of these influencing mechanisms can help optimize performances of nanoparticle‐modified cement‐based materials.
Editorial: The role of digital technology in children and young people's mental health – a triple‐edged sword?
Authors: Hollis Chris , Livingstone Sonia , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund
Published: July 2020

The rapid expansion of access to, and engagement with, the Internet and digital technology over the past 15 or so years has transformed the social, educational and therapeutic space occupied by children and young people in contemporary society in remarkable ways. First, it has created previously unimaginable opportunities for learning and development and personal exploration and growth. Second, it seems that the very same qualities and characteristics of the Internet that make these positive contributions possible, such as its immediacy, portability, intimacy, unconstrained reach and lack of supervision and regulation of content, has opened children and young people up to a range of serious social, intellectual and mental health risks. Finally, over and above these 'effects', the digital space is increasingly successfully being harnessed for the identification and treatment of mental health problems. Accordingly, the Internet is not so much a double‐, as a triple‐edged sword, with regard to children’s mental health.
Measuring the Effectiveness of the Emotionally Focused Therapy Externship Training in Hungary done through Translation
Authors: Koren Réka , Woolley Scott R. , Danis Ildikó , Török Szabolcs
Published: July 2020

Our study adds to the rising field of dissemination and implementation research on Emotionally Focused Therapy. We evaluated the psychometric characteristics of the Hungarian EFT‐KACS, examined the impact of the EFT Externship training done through translation on Hungarian therapists, and we investigated how therapist background characteristics related to outcomes. A total of 340 Hungarian professionals completed the questionnaires (N = 152 in 2016; and N = 188 in 2018) at three data collecting points—prior to (N = 329), after the training (N = 254), and 6 months later (N = 101). Results suggest the Hungarian EFT‐KACS has similar psychometric properties as the original English version and shows high internal consistency. The 4‐day EFT Externship trainings done through translation provided significant, lasting increases in perceived EFT‐specific knowledge and competency, and in alliance, similar to findings in English‐ and Spanish‐speaking countries. Externship outcomes were also found to be related to specific therapist experience and background characteristics.
Do you know how to recommend a wig to your patient?
Authors: Weffort Flávia , Sales Martins Sofia , Plata Glaura Tinoco , Duraes Cibele Tamietti , Melo Daniel Fernandes
Published: July 2020

Background

Throughout history, wigs have often had a relevant cultural and social importance with correlations to wealth and position of power. Wigs help minimize the psychological consequences of different types of hair loss. They may reduce potential experiences of stigmatization, and improve social confidence and quality of life, besides enhancing self‐esteem and social adjustment. In dermatology, wigs may have a positive impact on the global treatment of patients suffering from alopecia as they offer an immediate and efficient cosmetic result. However, the medical literature on wigs is not extensive.

Aims

This review aims to discuss synthetic wigs and nonsynthetic custom‐made hair systems, highlighting different hair fibers, foundations, various types of prosthesis, and the most common methods of attachments used to make wigs.

Methods

The terms “wigs”, “hair” AND “camouflage”, “alopecia” AND “camouflage”, and “hair prosthesis” were used to perform a literature search in MEDLINE through PubMed until April 8th, 2020. The search was limited to English‐language peer‐reviewed journal articles about humans, and it included only nonsurgical alternatives to camouflage alopecia.

Conclusions

This article will help physicians, especially those who care for patients with hair loss, to provide appropriate advice for their patients about the wide variety and peculiarities of wigs and hairpieces currently available.
Antibody‐induced botulinum toxin treatment failure: A review and novel management approach
Authors: Srinoulprasert Yuttana , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima
Published: July 2020

Background

Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) has been used for cosmetic indications for many decades. Consumption of BoNT/A usage has been markedly increased for a few years. Even new formulations of BoNT/A to decrease immunogenicity have been released, repeated treatment to maintain efficacy outcome is inevitable and could finally provoke immune response. In the past, prevalence of botulinum treatment failure (BTF) in cosmetic indication was rare leading to less medical concern. Current decade, case reports on BTF, especially antibody‐induced botulinum toxin treatment failure (ABTF), have been increasingly revealed and risk factors associated with ABTF have been intensively studied.

Aims

In this article, we will review antibody‐induced botulinum toxin treatment failure (ABTF), risk‐associated ABTF, prevalence and recent case reports of ABTF, and new approach to deal with ABTF.

Methods

Literature search was conducted using PubMed. The relevant literatures published between January 2000 and May 2020 concerning BTF and ABTF including investigation for ABTF were included and analyzed.

Results

Possible causes of BTF were summarized. ABTF could be a tip of iceberg of BTF, its prevalence, and currently, 10‐year case reports of ABTF were published evidence. Risk factors and investigation methods for ABTF were also summarized. Based on previous studies and our experience, novel approach to management of ABTF was described.

Conclusion

Effective management of BTF is to explore causes of treatment failure. Antibodies against BoNT/A complex could be one of many possibilities. Laboratory in vitro tests could be alternative tools to decrease adverse effect and rebooting immune responses in BTF patients.
Translocations of digging mammals and their potential for ecosystem restoration: a review of goals and monitoring programmes
Authors: Palmer Bryony J. , Valentine Leonie E. , Page Manda , Hobbs Richard J.
Published: July 2020

Globally, translocations are commonly used to improve the conservation status of threatened species. There is increasing recognition that translocations of ecosystem engineers also have the potential to restore ecological processes. Digging mammals are often considered to be ecosystem engineers, as their diggings provide shelter for other species and can significantly alter soil properties, with subsequent changes to vegetation.

Using Australian species as a case study, we reviewed published and grey literature on digging mammal translocations to determine how often these translocations are conducted to restore ecosystem processes. We documented ecosystem‐level monitoring and research efforts, and assessed whether restoration was perceived to be occurring post‐release.

At least 208 translocations of 24 digging mammal species have been conducted in Australia, with a further 38 planned for the near future. Prior to 2019, only 3% of translocations included a goal relating to the restoration of ecosystem processes associated with digging activities. Nearly a quarter of pre‐2019 translocations have been the subject of some form of ecosystem‐level monitoring or research, but long‐term ecosystem‐level monitoring was very rare. In contrast, 74% of the translocations planned for post‐2018 include a goal relating to the restoration of ecological processes and most also include plans to conduct ecosystem‐level monitoring.

Ecosystem restoration was perceived to be occurring for 26% of the pre‐2019 translocations. None of the documents we reviewed indicated that ecological degradation had occurred post‐translocation, even when declines in other taxa were recorded.

The restoration of ecosystem processes is increasingly being identified as a goal for translocation programmes. Where this is the case, we suggest that translocation practitioners include success criteria for the restoration of ecosystem processes, and commit to long‐term monitoring designed to detect ecosystem‐level effects of translocations.
DNAmetabarcoding of feces to infer summer diet of Pacific walruses
Authors: Sonsthagen Sarah A. , Jay Chadwick V. , Cornman Robert S. , Fischbach Anthony S. , Grebmeier Jacqueline M. , Talbot Sandra L.
Published: July 2020

Environmental conditions in the Chukchi Sea are changing rapidly and may alter the abundance and distribution of marine species and their benthic prey. We used a metabarcoding approach to identify potentially important prey taxa from Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) fecal samples (n= 87). Bivalvia was the most dominant class of prey (66% of all normalized counts) and occurred in 98% of the samples. Polychaeta and Gastropoda occurred in 70% and 62% of the samples, respectively. The remaining nine invertebrate classes comprised <21% of all normalized counts. The common occurrence of these three prey classes is consistent with examinations of walrus stomach contents. Despite these consistencies, biases in the metabarcoding approach to determine diet from feces have been highlighted in other studies and require further study, in addition to biases that may have arisen from our opportunistic sampling. However, this noninvasive approach provides accurate identification of prey taxa from degraded samples and could yield much‐needed information on shifts in walrus diet in a rapidly changing Arctic.
Chondroprotective Effect of Wufu Decoction on Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α‐Induced Chondrocytes via the Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase 1/2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ye Zheng‐cong , Wang Can‐feng , Han Lei , Cao Guo‐ping , Shen Qin‐rong
Published: July 2020

Objective

Wufu Decoction (WFD) is a herbal formulation composed of five traditional Chinese herbs that is used clinically for arthritis treatment in China. The current study investigated the chondroprotective effects and the underlying mechanism of WFD for osteoarthritis (OA) therapy.

Methods

The chondroprotective effects of WFD were investigated based on vitro study. Following the successful isolation of chondrocytes from rat cartilage tissues and the identification of collagen II expression with immunofluorescence staining, chondrocytes were co‐incubated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) to induce an inflammation model; WFD was also administered. After the treatment, cell viability was determined by MTT assay, cell apoptosis was assessed by DAPI staining, the concentration of inflammation cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 were detected with ELISA assay, the expression of collagen II, MEK1/2‐ERK1/2 signaling pathway proteins was detected using western blotting, and mRNA expression of MMP‐1, MMP‐9 and MMP‐13 were determined with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Wufu Decoction significantly restored the cell viability suppressed by TNF‐α and inhibited the cell apoptosis induced by TNF‐α in chondrocytes. The high concentrations of IL‐1β and IL‐6 in TNF‐α‐induced model cells were significantly decreased in WFD‐treated chondrocytes, and the immunofluorescence staining and western blot results showed that the inhibited expression of collagen II in the TNF‐α‐induced model group was significantly increased in WFD‐treated chondrocytes. The protein expressions of MEK1/2, p‐ERK1/2, and P53 were significantly reduced in the WFD‐treated group compared with those in the model group, and the mRNA expressions of MMP‐1, MMP‐9, and MMP‐13 were also significantly reduced with WFD treatment.

Conclusion

The present study indicated that WFD exerted a chondroprotective effect in TNF‐α‐induced chondrocytes via the regulation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, suggesting that WFD has therapeutic potential for OA therapy.
Breeding systems of floral colour forms in theDrosera cistifloraspecies complex
Authors: von Witt C. G. , Anderson B. , Durbach I. N. , Johnson S. D.
Published: July 2020

Variation in plant breeding systems has implications for pollinator‐mediated selection on floral traits and the ecology of populations. Here we evaluate pollinator contribution to seed production, self‐compatibility and pollen limitation in different floral colour forms ofDrosera cistiflora sensu lato(Droseraceae). These insectivorous perennial plants are endemic to fynbos and renosterveld vegetation in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, and the species complex includes five floral colour forms (pink, purple, red, white and yellow), some of which are known to be pollinated by beetles.

Controlled hand‐pollination experiments were conducted in 15 populations ofD. cistiflora s.l.(two to four populations per floral colour form) to test whether the colour forms vary in their degree of self‐compatibility and their ability to produce seeds through autonomous self‐fertilization.

Yellow‐flowered forms were highly self‐incompatible, while other floral colour forms exhibited partial self‐compatibility. Seed set resulting from autonomous selfing was very low, and pollinator dependence indices were high in all populations. Since hand cross‐pollination resulted in greater seed set than open pollination in 13 of the 15 populations, we inferred that seed production is generally pollen‐limited.

Drosera cistiflora s.l.typically exhibits high levels of pollinator dependence and pollen limitation. This is unusual amongDroseraspecies worldwide and suggests that pollinators are likely to mediate strong selection on attractive traits such as floral colour and size inD. cistiflora s.l. These results also suggest that the floral colour forms ofD. cistiflora s.l.which are rare and threatened are likely to be vulnerable to local extinction if mutualisms were to collapse indefinitely.