bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Población de macrofauna en sistemas silvopastoriles dedicados a la producción lechera:análisis preliminar
Authors: Caicedo Rosero Diego Marcelo , Benavides Rosales Hernán Rigoberto , Carvajal Pérez Luis Alfredo , Ortega Hernández Jessica Paola
Published: March 2018

En esta investigación se presenta un estudio de la macrofauna en suelos silvopastoriles dedicados a la producción de leche, cuyo objetivo fue analizar las poblaciones de biota del suelo en sistemas de tratamiento silvopastoriles con las especies: aliso (Alnus acuminata), acacia (Acacia melanoxylon), y una mezcla forrajera. Los tratamientos están conformados en tres secciones: aliso y pasto; acacia y pasto, y el testigo solo pasto. En una primera etapa se realizaron 30 muestras en cada tratamiento, en los meses de baja precipitación, cada muestra es un cuadrante de 30 cm. x 30 cm. X 30 cm., en el cual se contabilizó la biota existente. Los datos de las poblaciones se analizaron usando los índices de biodiversidad como riqueza de Margalef, índice de dominancia de Berger – Parker, el índice de dominancia de Simpson y el índice de biodiversidad de Shannon, datos que permitieron concluir que la variación en número de especies no es significativa entre tratamientos y la existencia de biota mantiene la productividad. Además, estos datos servirán en una segunda investigación para hacer comparaciones del número de especies en meses de mayor y menor precipitación.
Estrés académico en estudiantes de tecnología superior
Authors: Alvarez Silva Luis Antonio , Gallegos Luna Roberto Medardo , Herrera López Pablo Samuel
Published: March 2018

The main objective of this research was to identify the level of academic stress to students of Higher Technology in Finance of a public higher education institution of the city of Guayaquil-Ecuador. The research design was non-experimental cross-sectional, with a non-probabilistic sample for convenience of 210 students, who have a stay in the institution greater than six months. The process of authorizing, surveying and analyzing information was carried out in the third quarter of 2017. The tool used was the SISCO Academic Stress Inventory designed by Dr. Barraza Macías Arturo of the Universidad Pedagógi-ca de Durango in Mexico. In this investigation, the instrument obtained a high level of reliability with a score of 0.894 according to Cronbach’s Alpha. In conclusion, academic stress is present in the middle le-vel, with the demands of the environment such as overload, the major triggers of psychological reactions.
Spatial variations of soil respiration and temperature sensitivity along a steep slope v2
Authors: Sun Qiqi
Published: March 2018

Spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity poses great challenge to accurately estimating carbon flux in global carbon cycling, which have been researched mostly on flatlands but few times in hillslope ecosystems. On an eroded slope (35°) of the semiarid Loess Plateau, soil respiration, soil moisture and soil temperature were measured in situ at upper and lower slope positions in triplicates from 2014 untill 2016, with soil biochemical and microbial properties also being determined.
The Influence of the CIRC and TTW Learning Model and Learning Motivation toward Grade 8 Students’ Report Writing Skills at SMP Muhammadiyah Padang
Authors: Kartika Diana , Morelent Yetty
Published: March 2018

The objectives of this research are (1) to find out whether the CIRC and TTW learning models significantly influence the students’ ability to write reports at Muhammadiyah Junior High School Padang, (2) to explore whether the CIRC and TTW learning models have a significant influence on the highly motivated students’ ability to write reports, (3) to analyze whether the CIRC and TTW learning models have a significant influence on the ability to write reports of the students with low motivation (4) to identify whether there is influence on the interaction between the use of CIRC type learning model and TTW and learning motivation toward their ability to write the report. This study was conducted within randomized control-group pretest-posttest experimental designs whose participants were Grade 8 students of Muhammadiyah Junior High School Padang. The instruments of data collection were report writing tests, questionnaires and interviews. The findings show that there is a significant influence of the use of CIRC and TTW type learning model with the students’ motivation to learn the skills of writing reports. Secondly, there is a significant influence on the use of CIRC and TTW learning models on the highly motivated students’ report writing skills. Thirdly, there is a significant influence on the use of CIRC and TTW learning models on the lowly motivated students’ report writing skills. Finally, there is the interaction of the use of learning models of CIR and TTE types with their learning motivation on their report writing skills.
Symbolism in Edgar Allan Poe’s Selected Short Stories
Authors: Jandaghi Hatameh Sadat , Zohdi Esmaeil
Published: March 2018

In Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories symbolism is the main figure of speech of his stories. The main aim of this study is recognizing the use of symbolism in “Hop – Frog” (1850), “The Pit and the Pendulum” (1842) and “The Cask of Amontillado” (1846), and decoding the symbols and various meanings they signify according to Herman Northrop Frye’s theory. This paper tries to explore the way symbolism is used in Edgar Allan Poe’s selected short stories, the writer’s motives and amount of his success.
The Impact of Different Teaching Strategies on Teaching Grammar to College Students
Authors: Hashemi Ali , Daneshfar Samran
Published: March 2018

Grammar is considered critical to the ability to use language. Grammar teaching is an issue that provokes strong feelings and attitudes. Grammar teaching is particularly prominent in English as a foreign language (EFL) settings as it is perceived that without a good grammar knowledge, language development will be seriously inhibited. In the current study, we used three grammar instruction techniques including “the Deductive Technique”, “the Inductive Technique”, and “the Implicit Technique”. 80 college students, studying different fields in Abbar, Zanjan, participated in the study. They were assigned to three experimental groups for each of the three teaching techniques. The Deductive group consisted of 31 law students, both boys and girls, the Inductive group comprised 27 boy and girl accounting students, and there were 28 IT students in the Implicit group. The results of data analysis indicated that these groups performed differentially in certain respect. Meanwhile, the Inductive group exceeded the other groups in their performance.
A Study on the Cultivation of Critical Thinking Ability of English Majors
Authors: Zhou Zhen
Published: March 2018

The critical thinking ability is the premise and foundation of innovation ability. It is also an important goal of talents training in higher education. College English teaching should not only focus on the cultivation of students’ English knowledge and skills, but also the cultivation of students' critical thinking ability. This article first discusses the connotation of critical thinking ability, followed by theoretical foundation introduction and analysis of the problems of critical thinking cultivation of English majors, and finally puts forward the countermeasures of cultivating students' critical thinking from the following eight aspects: paying attention to classroom questioning skills, changing the classroom teaching mode, creating relaxing teaching atmosphere, building a new student evaluation system, designing the classroom teaching reasonably and improving teachers' critical thinking ability and raising students' awareness of critical thinking ability self training, adopting PBL teaching method, in order to effectively cultivate students' independent thinking and judgment ability, and to better improve the teaching effect of college English.
Emotiv EPOC BCI with Python on a Raspberry pi
Authors: Salgado Patrón José , Barrera Monje Cristian Raúl
Published: March 2018

The hybrid Brain-Computer Interface [BCI] system gives an insight on the development of useful interfaces for users with different backgrounds, from medical applications to video games, where standalone and wearable means accessibility for the user. Systems such as EPOC offers a simple solution for acquiring electroencephalography and electromyography signals with low price and fast setup, compared to high tech medical equipment. From the processing point of view, a computer always offers the main foundation for solving any issue, as the Raspberry Pi [RPi] does, which provides the sufficient computational power for a BCI to be implemented and an open source operating system such as Raspbian. Certainly a wireless communication is a must between the robot and the RPi, where an Xbee module gives a simple bidirectional connection. Python is the principal tool used in the project with multiple libraries for the processing of brain and muscular signals not only for the preparation of them but classification as well, from multithreading functions, feature extraction such as power spectral density and Hjorth parameters, and a support vector machine  classifiera.
Supply chain decision making: A system dynamics approach
Authors: Cardona Triana Andrés , López Lasprilla Sebastian , Arenas Fernando Antonio
Published: March 2018

This paper presents an analysis of the impact of delays, information management and type of demand, on the performance of a three echelons supply chain, based on the "beer game". Four scenarios of access to information on final demand for different members of the chain were developed over a system dynamics model. For each of these scenarios delivery delay times and type of demand were changed and four indicators were used to measure the supply chain performance: return on assets, accumulated income, accumulated value of inventory and service level. The results show that the location (echelon) of the access to information is critical to the performance and in contrast to previous studies, this effect is independent of the type of demand. Moreover, the results are consistent with previous studies on the positive effect of the reduction in delays on the overall performance of the chain, regardless of the type of demand.
presentation
Authors: Claros Vaca José Ignacio
Published: March 2018

presentation
Exact solution and high frequency asymptotic methods in the wedge diffraction problem
Authors: Triana Hernan G. , Navarro Cadavid Andrés
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Sommerfeld exact solution for canonical 2D wedge diffraction problem with perfectly conducting surfaces is presented. From the integral formulation of the problem, the Malyuzhinets solution is obtained and this result is extended to obtain the general impedance solution of canonical 2D wedge problem. Keller’s asymptotic solution is developed and the general formulation of exact solution it’s used to obtain general asymptotic methods for approximate solutions useful from the computational point of view. A simulation tool is used to compare numerical calculations of exact and asymptotic solutions. The numerical simulation of exact solution is compared to numerical simulation of an asymptoticmethod, and a satisfactory agreement found.  Accuracy dependence with frequency is verified.
Presentation
Authors: Claros Vaca Jose Ignacio
Published: March 2018

Presentation
Benefits of using a mobile application in learning a foreign language
Authors: Bustillo Judith , Rivera Claribel , Guzmán Juan Genaro , Ramos Acosta Lizeth
Published: March 2018

This article aims to show how the use of a mobile application contributes to the development of listening comprehension in English as a teaching strategy to generate significant learning. The research was conducted with a group of level A1 students, according to Common European Framework for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment, who used Duolingo during an academic semester. The results indicate that the use of this application achieves a positive impact on the development of listening skills in English.
Free software for digitalization and management of electronic documents at official entities
Authors: López Martínez Javier
Published: March 2018

Taking into account the current regulations in Colombia about document management and best practices, a technological solution for digitization and document management in public sector entities was designed, following the Research Applied method. The solution includes the integration of two Web systems focused on free software. The first one, called FuidXel, is a development in PHP language, original of the present project, that includes a tool next to the client for digitization, and a Web application, next to the server, for the conformation of the document, that consists on libraries of tools for the treatment of images and PDF files. The second system is an enterprise content manager for managing electronic documents, called Alfresco. FuidXel integrates with Alfresco through CMIS protocol for the sending of PDF documents, made up of the product images of the digitization and management, information and traceability metadata.
Presentation
Authors: Claros José Ignacio
Published: March 2018

Presentation v15n40
Security control for website defacement
Authors: Mondragón Oscar , Mera Arcos Andrés Felipe , Urcuqui Christian , Navarro Cadavid Andrés
Published: March 2018

Cyber-attacks to websites are increasing steadily affecting the integrity and availability of information, so the implementation of safeguards to mitigate or reduce to acceptable levels the risks generated are necessary. Computer incidents produce economic and reputational impacts to different organizations. It has identified an increase in computer attacks on different organizations where one of them, and highly reputational impact, is the “Defacement” attack, which consists of unauthorized modification or alteration to the web sites using wordpress cms , affecting the integrity of information. The result of this article proposes the development of a model for establishing a security control to perform the containment and reporting of this attack type, which currently have focused on the websites of the government entities. The development model allows online control the attack on Web sites by constant reading of certain parts of the source code making the detection and maintenance of the integrity of information.
Mathematical model for a mixed energy system as a technological alternative in the supply of electrical energy in non-interconnected areas
Authors: Galvis Cabrera Oscar Iván , Lee Capera Cristian Arturo , Cardona Londoño Claudia María , Hernández Johann Alexander
Published: March 2018

The final product of this article is a mathematical model of a Mixed Energy System (MES) with Biogas-Electrical Energy (B-EE) that uses residual biomass of the pig waste, with which it is possible to estimate the amount of organic biomass necessary (or the number of animals required to produce it) to supply a farm for a certain number of hours a day, knowing the loads to be connected to the generator and taking into account the parameters necessary for the biodigester to perform its fermentation process and deliver the necessary biogas for the generator to supply power under normal conditions. The work was carried out in San Antonio del Tequendama (Cundinamarca, Colombia), a rural municipality, with a high degree of pork exploitation, and without supply of electrical energy. A small biodigester of 2.84 m3 was standardized, chorizo type, with a load of six pigs, C:N ratio of 1:30, temperature between 18-24 °C; a pH range of 6.8-7.2, for the supply of 2 kW of power, with a generator that runs with this biogas, for a consumption of 0.55 m3⁄h.
Implementing secure smart home using existing infrastructure
Authors: Banerjee Amit , Sameen Chishti Mohd , Kumar Sunjay
Published: March 2018

The emergence of Internet of Things [IoT] paves the path of the smart home.  A smart home learns the habits of residents to make intelligent decision, which requires knowledge to be communicated and stored. The communication of generated data creates loop-hole in security and privacy of the user of smart home. Another challenging issue while designing a smart home is that legacy home appliances lack the smart connectivity. This paper focuses on designing a secure architecture to access smart home appliances, while using the existing home appliances that lacks networking and processing power like a bulb or fan. To ensure secure communication using internet, we are using third party authentication tool deployed in cloud. We have installed a gateway as the entry point to our smart home and connected all the appliances to it. The user is authenticated by authentication server and gets access to the services. For implementation purpose, we used Kerberos as authentication tool and DragonBoard as gateway.
Pulse oximeter with Internet data visualization
Authors: Contreras Mota Gabriel , Lemuz López Rafael , Bautista Ramos Cesar
Published: March 2018

In this work, we describe the design and construction of a pulse oximeter for remote patient monitoring. The proposed device uses the ESP8266 microcontroller as the core component to establish the wireless connection and send information to a node.js server.  Then, a web service shows the saturation of oxygen and the heart rate through a WebSocket connection. This paper describes the hardware and software designs, justifying the decision to select each component of the proposed device. Finally, some experimental results are shown to illustrate the performance of the developed prototype.
Study of glycemic gap in hyperglycemic emergencies of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sivakumar Periyasamy , Moonishaa Thiyagarajan Manjuladevi , George Neethu
Published: March 2018

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with two serious hyperglycemic emergencies namely Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of glycemic gap in T2DM patients with DKA and HHS.Methods: T2DM cases above 20 years of age were included in this study. The study population was divided into three broad groups as T2DM without hyperglycemic emergencies, T2DM with DKA, T2DM with HHS, with 50 subjects in each group. Glycemic gap was calculated in the study population and compared between the three groups. The relationship between glycemic gap and the conventional indicators of severity in hyperglycemic emergencies of T2DM were determined.Results: Of the three study groups, T2DM cases with HHS presented with substantial alterations in the baseline biochemical parameters. The glycemic gap was also highly elevated in the HHS cases than the others. Glycemic gap showed significant correlation only with plasma osmolality of the HHS cases.Conclusions: Elevated glycemic gap indicating stress induced hyperglycemia (SIH) occur in hyperglycemic emergencies of T2DM, especially HHS.
Life – Paris Match – Świat: East/West Image Transfer in the Weekly Magazine Świat (1951–1969) and the Impact of the Magnum Style on Photo-Reportage in Poland
Authors: Wach Margarete
Published: March 2018

Polish photo-reportage of the 1950s and 1960s was crucially shaped by the illustrated weekly newspaper Świat (The World, 1951–1969). The magazine was conceived in the heyday of Stalinism and the socialist realist doctrine to keep pace with its Western counterparts Life, Paris Match or Picture Post during the Cold War. In the new political system, the social role of photography was to agitate, but the photoeditor- in-chief, Władysław Sławny (1907–1991), designed Świat in the style of Henry Cartier-Bresson’s ‘decisive moment’ aesthetics. He published the works of Magnum photographers and other Western colleagues. This article analyzes the massive transfer of knowledge, human resources and photography between Poland and France which flowered in the 1950s. The transcultural exchange was implemented with the aid of personal contacts and editorial practice that promoted photo transfer from the West and corresponded with the atmosphere of the ‘thaw’ after Stalin’s death. It shows that photographers travelled eastwards as well as westwards, and that the Iron Curtain was visually more permeable in both directions than has previously been suggested.
A Green and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 3,4- Dihydropyrano[c]chromene using Phosphate Fertilizers (MAP, DAP and TSP) as Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Souızı Abdelaziz , Chehab Soukaina , Merroun Youssef , Ghaılane Touriya , Ghaılane Rachida , Boukhrıs Said
Published: March 2018

This article presents a
simple and practical method for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrano[c]chromene,
which are heterocyclic compounds possessing a wide range of biological
properties. They have been obtained by the condensation of an aromatic
aldehyde, malononitrile and 4-hydroxycoumarin in presence of phosphate
fertilizers (MAP, DAP and TSP) as heterogeneous catalyst and ethanol as an
ecological solvent that makes this procedure environmentally friendly. The aim
of this study is the investigation of their catalytic activities through the
determination of the optimum conditions, which are the reaction time, the mass
of the catalyst used, the nature of the solvent and its appropriate volume.
These optimum conditions are the mean ones in the catalytic efficiency and they
permit to obtain better yields with shorter reaction times. The developed method
herein presents a green strategy which is characterized by mild reaction
conditions, high to excellent yields, short reaction times and easy catalyst
recovery. In addition, the experiment shows that these catalysts can be reused
successfully several times without significant loss of their catalytic
activity.
Proyecto educativo de centro: una alternativa real
Authors: Torres Aída , Papa Guzmán
Published: March 2018

A partir de la década de los 80, en el marco de la Sociología de la Educación, emerge un nuevo paradigma, en el cual el centro educativo es considerado como el ámbito de apropiación y resignificación de las políticas educativas en general. En tal sentido la realización efectiva de un proyecto de cambio exige considerar: a) el centro educativo como organización singular, b) la participación de los actores involucrados y c) un estilo de gestión institucional. Teniendo en cuenta estas dimensiones nos hemos preguntado cuál puede ser el sentido de la gestión y organización educativas, y en qué medida contribuyen estas estructuras al desarrollo y promoción de la calidad en la educación.
Gestión de la tutoría telemática en educación a distancia
Authors: Grau Jorge E. , Marabotto María Irma , Muelas Estela N.
Published: March 2018

Este trabajo presenta una aplicación experimental de tutoría telemática mediante correo electrónico e Internet, realizada durante 1999 con los alumnos de la Primera Convocatoria del Curso Universitario de Postgrado en Educación a Distancia que se dictó en la República Argentina en la Universidad CAECE junto con la Fundación para el Desarrollo de los Estudios Cognitivos, FUNDEC. Se analiza esta experiencia pedagógico-didáctica, desarrollada durante la primera parte del Curso, entre abril y junio de 1999, con casi cien alumnos distribuidos en más de 2.800.000 km2, a la luz de las posibilidades de las herramientas informáticas utilizadas.
Estudio sobre los factores que inciden sobre las interacciones interpersonales que tienen lugar en escenarios educativos no presenciales basados en inter/intranet
Authors: Laurta Estrella , Mazzotti Wellington
Published: March 2018

Los entornos de formación no presenciales implican un cambio profundo del escenario en donde tienen lugar los procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje. Es preciso detenerse a reflexionar sobre los impactos que produce este cambio de entorno. Las relaciones del triángulo enseñante–aprendiz– saber, son diferentes. Se debe pensar, desde la didáctica, sobre las nuevas formas de presentar los saberes, pues es claro que por lo menos, sin un previo debate, no es posible transferir las prácticas educativas que se realizan en las aulas tradicionales a los entornos virtuales. Se intenta explorar uno de los aspectos claves del proceso de aprendizaje: las relaciones interpersonales que tienen lugar entre los integrantes de un curso a distancia. No es posible transferir las experiencias de intercambio que tienen lugar en un entorno áulico a un entorno mediático virtual, por lo que con este estudio se intenta brindar información a los docentes para que puedan reflexionar sobre el nuevo escenario donde desarrollarán sus estrategias didácticas: pensar en términos de la dinámica comunicacional del grupo virtual y en función de esto cómo debe conducirse el proceso de enseñanza.
La enseñanza de la escritura en el primer ciclo de la educación primaria en los contextos desfavorables
Authors: Belocón Olga , Buzzetti Irupé , Ravazzani Ma. Cristina
Published: March 2018

Nuestra práctica como docentes de educación primaria nos ha llevado a transitar por distintos niveles de actuación docente: aula, dirección e inspección. Esta actuación nos ha posibilitado asimismo investigar y a estudiar con mayor detenimiento aspectos de la didáctica de la lengua, sensibilizadas por las diferencias de rendimiento escolar y de actuación social derivadas del uso del lenguaje que registran los alumnos provenientes de los contextos socioculturales favorecidos, en relación con los provenientes de contextos no favorecidos socioculturalmente. Esta actividad nuestra también nos ha hecho incursionar en la organización de cursos y jornadas de actualización docente en el área de Lengua.
Brechas emergentes en el uso de Internet: un frente de acción a la zaga en Colombia
Authors: Martínez-Coral Patricia Eugenia
Published: March 2018

El presente artículo expone los resultados de una investigación de carácter exploratorio, a través de la cual se analizó el alcance de los proyectos de inversión ejecutados por el Fondo de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, durante los dos últimos cuatrienios, para fomentar el acceso y uso de Internet en los hogares de estratos socio-económicos bajos. Elementos tales como la cobertura, oferta de servicios, selección de beneficiarios y ejecutores, diseño de las subvenciones aplicadas, y monto de la inversión, sirvieron como criterios orientadores en el desarrollo del análisis, y fueron complementados con la reconstrucción del contexto sectorial en el que cada proyecto ha sido implementado. El estudio de la política de servicio universal en Colombia permite concluir que existe un vacío ostensible de las dimensiones de uso que deben acompañar la oferta de infraestructura. Si bien, el despliegue subsidiado de redes de última milla, y el establecimiento de tarifas máximas del servicio de banda ancha, apuntan a superar barreas de asequibilidad que obstaculizan la difusión tecnológica, resulta imperativo desarrollar estrategias que incrementen la promesa de valor de uso de Internet, de tal modo que los beneficiarios no solo retribuyan la inversión pública mediante su disposición a pagar por el servicio, fortaleciendo la sostenibilidad de este tipo de proyectos, sino que además  aprovechen las condiciones de acceso haciendo uso productivo de la red.
Diseases affecting pigs: an overview of common bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens of pigs
Authors:   Iowa State University, USA, Ramirez Alejandro
Published: March 2018

Recent events such as the 2009 pandemic influenza outbreak, the continuous spread of African swine fever virus in Eastern Europe and the introduction of several new pathogens into the United States and their spread to Canada, Mexico, Central and South America have emphasized the ability of pig diseases to cross borders rapidly and the importance of global cooperation to improve the health and welfare of pigs. This chapter summarizes recent research on the causes and epidemiology of major bacteria, viruses and parasites found in pig production, focusing on those with a particular impact on safety and global production.
Changing patterns of disease affecting pigs: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea (PED)
Authors:   Scotland’s Rural College, UK, Correia-Gomes Carla
Published: March 2018

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv) and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea virus (PEDv) are two of the major viruses that affect pigs worldwide. This chapter focuses on the transmission, clinical presentation, evolution and spread of these two agents (PRRSv and PEDv), due to their importance in pig production worldwide and their evolution over the years. The chapter discusses in detail the agent, transmission, clinical presentation and evolution and spread of these two viruses in the pig population both worldwide, and more specifically, the United Kingdom. The chapter provides readers with an overview of the complexity of these two agents and how this influences their clinical presentation and evolution over time and space.
Disease identification and management on the pig farm
Authors:   Ghent University, Belgium, Maes Dominiek , Dewulf Jeroen ,   Ghent University, Belgium, Boyen Filip ,   Ghent University, Belgium, Haesebrouck Freddy ,   Ghent University, Belgium
Published: March 2018

Endemic diseases constitute a major threat for a profitable and sustainable pig production worldwide. This chapter reviews the diagnosis and monitoring of pig diseases, and control measures that can be implemented on the farm. The most important issues to establish a diagnosis are discussed. Monitoring of pig diseases should focus on different parameters such as clinical signs and antibiotic usage, animal responses to infection and detection of pathogens, lesions in slaughter pigs, and feed and drinking water intake. Advantages and disadvantages of different levels of disease control are discussed. The importance of management and biosecurity is illustrated, with an overview of the components of external and internal biosecurity. The role of vaccination and antimicrobial medication is discussed, followed by future trends for improving diagnosis and disease control. Future research is warranted to better understand host–pathogen interactions and to develop better diagnostics, vaccines and control measures against infectious pig diseases.
Understanding pig behaviour
Authors:   Scotland’s Rural College, UK, Turner Simon P. , D’Eath Richard B. ,   Scotland’s Rural College, UK
Published: March 2018

The behavioural patterns of domesticated pigs are well conserved from their ancestors. This suggests that the underlying motivational systems are similar to those of wild boar and feral domestic populations. This chapter describes how commercial conditions, whilst providing some welfare benefits, can constrain behavioural expression. The chapter reviews the behavioural ecology of pigs, introduces the concept of behavioural needs and considers the developmental and additive genetic basis behind individual differences in behaviour. It looks ahead to future trends in research in this area and provides suggestions for extensive further reading on the subject.
Defining and ensuring animal welfare in pig production: an overview
Authors:   University of Melbourne, Australia, Hemsworth Paul H.
Published: March 2018

Raising pigs for consumption involves the exercise of control over the quality and duration of their lives, and it is widely accepted that there is a duty to exercise this control humanely. This chapter begins by reviewing three conceptual frameworks which can be used to consider and assess animal welfare, and discusses the development of public opinion on the subject. It then concentrates on common welfare concerns raised by pig production practices, including those related to housing, stereotypies, injuries and surgical husbandry procedures. The chapter concludes by considering opportunities to safeguard pig welfare.
Pasture systems for pigs
Authors:   North Carolina State University, USA, Pietrosemoli Silvana , Green James T. ,   North Carolina State University, USA
Published: March 2018

The inclusion of pastures in outdoor pig systems contributes significantly to improving the sustainability of these farming systems. This chapter examines the characteristics of pasture pig systems, including forages and pasture management as well the effects of pasture on meat quality. The chapter also provides a detailed case study of the pasture pig system developed at the Center for Environmental Farming Systems (CEFS) in the United States. Finally, the chapter looks ahead to future research in the field of sustainable pasture pig systems and provides guidance on further reading in this area.
Prevalence of tobacco usage and its effect on the periodontal health parameters in the mining employees and the general population- A Comparative study
Authors: Shyagali Tarulatha , Salama Mohamed Helmy , Bhayya Deepak
Published: March 2018

Objective: Comparison of the prevalence of usage of tobacco products and its effect on the periodontal health parameters of the mining laborers and the general population of Udaipur city, India. Materials and methods: the cross sectional study was performed on the sample of 980 adults including 500 mining employees and 480 subjects from the general population. The presence or absence of the tobacco products usage was noted. The ADA type III examination using the community periodontal probe was done. The data obtained was subjected to chi-square and Cramer’ v statistical analysis. Results: 79.40% of the mining-employees and 61.67% of the general population used different tobacco products, the difference noted was statistically significant (p=0.000). The most common periodontal condition amongst the mining employees and the general population was the presence of calculus (39% and 35.63% respectively) followed by the 4-5mm periodontal probing depth (29.20% and 26.04% respectively). The difference spotted was significant (p=0.018). There was statistically significant difference between the tobacco users and non- users for the different periodontal conditions (p=0.000).
Effect of beverages on surface properties of resin-based sealants
Authors: Genari Bruna , Leitune Vicente Castelo Branco , Saucedo João Henrique Macedo , Samuel Susana Maria Werner , Collares Fabrício Mezzomo
Published: March 2018

Self-adhesive, dual-polymerizing resin cements require no treatment to the prepared tooth surfaces before cementation. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of curing mode on bond strength (BS) of three cementing systems to bovine dentin. Methods: The buccal enamel surfaces of 50 bovine incisors were removed to expose dentin and to flat the surface. The teeth were divided into five groups (n=10), which consisted of two resin cements (Multilink and Clearfil SA Cement) that were tested in dual- (halogen light for 40 s) and self-cured modes, and a control (RelyX ARC). Two cylinders of resin cements (1.0 mm X 0.75 mm) were prepared on each bonded dentin surface. After 24h at 37oC, resin cylinders were subjected to micro-shear testing in a universal testing machine (4411/Instron - 0.5 mm/min). Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA, Tukey and Dunnett`s test (5%). Results: Multilink showed higher BS than those observed on Clearfil SA. Light-curing resulted in higher BS for both Multilink and Clearfil SA. When Multilink was light-cured, no significant difference on BS was demonstrated between it and RelyX ARC. Conclusions: The highest BS values were obtained in control group and light-cured Multilink resin cement.
Transverse dimension of the alveolar bone in different masticatory patterns
Authors: Campos Marcio José da Silva , Caetano Paula Liparini , Felipe Fernanda Farage da Costa , Carvalho Gabriella Moreira de , Fraga Marcelo Reis , Vitral Robert Willer Farinazzo
Published: March 2018

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate, through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), the transverse dimension of the alveolar bone in the posterior region of the maxilla and mandible in subjects with different patterns of mastication, comparing both sides of the arches according to the performance of the masticatory function. Methods: 39 subjects not orthodontically treated, with normal occlusion or symmetrical malocclusion, and normal periodontal condition were selected. Twenty-one subjects (54%) were identified as having preferential unilateral mastication, 11 subjects (28%) had bilateral mastication and 7 (18%) had exclusive unilateral mastication. All participants were submitted to CBCT and the buccolingual dimension of the posterior regions was evaluated at a height of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10mm from the alveolar crest. Results and Conclusion: Subjects with bilateral mastication showed statistically significant difference between the right and left sides at the heights of 6 (p=0.030) and 8mm (p=0.023) between the first and second maxillary premolars. There was no difference in the transverse dimension of the alveolar bone in the posterior regions of maxilla and mandible between preferred and non-preferred sides in subjects with preferred unilateral mastication and between right and left sides in subjects with bilateral mastication.
Dimensão rural da insegurança alimentar: transformações nas práticas de autoconsumo entre famílias rurais do extremo sul gaúcho
Authors: Anjos Flávio Sacco dos , Caldas Nádia Velleda , Hirai Wanda Griep
Published: March 2018

O artigo é baseado em pesquisa qualitativa realizada no extremo sul do Rio Grande do Sul e explora as transformações sobre as práticas de autoconsumo no âmbito da agricultura familiar, motivadas, essencialmente, pelo processo de mercantilização da agricultura e da vida rural. As práticas de autoconsumo expressam a matriz cultural das famílias rurais, em que pese o valor simbólico atribuído aos produtos gerados no próprio estabelecimento rural, em comparação com o que é adquirido externamente no comércio, ou em outras unidades de produção. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada com trinta estabelecimentos de agricultura familiar, cuja atividade comercial principal das famílias residia, fundamentalmente, na produção de leite, pêssego e fumo. Os autores discutem os impactos da mercantilização da agricultura sobre as práticas de autoconsumo.
A segurança alimentar no Brasil: proposição e usos da escala brasileira de medida da insegurança alimentar (EBIA) de 2003 a 2009
Authors: Segall-Corrêa Ana Maria , Marin-Leon Letícia
Published: March 2018

Mesmo com os avanços observados na diminuição das desigualdades sociais no Brasil, ainda é grande o contingente de pessoas que vivem em situação de insegurança alimentar. Este trabalho descreve os resultados do uso da Escala Brasileira de Medida da Insegurança Alimentar a partir do seu processo de validação até os inquéritos de abrangência nacional, sua utilização por gestores municipais e, também, para produção acadêmica em diversas universidades. Por fim aponta a relevância da EBIA, como um instrumento auxiliar das políticas públicas de combate à fome no Brasil. Esse trabalho descreve o uso de métodos mistos de investigação, para a validação da EBIA, métodos qualitativos (painéis de especialistas e grupos focais) e quantitativos (inquéritos amostrais de população), em estudo multicêntrico, que envolveu quatro regiões do país, áreas rurais e urbanas e 6 instituições de pesquisa, 5 nacionais e uma norte americana. O principal resultado deste trabalho foi conseguir disponibilizar para os gestores públicos uma ferramenta, a Escala Brasileira de Medida da Insegurança Alimentar e Fome no Brasil – EBIA. Isto possibilitou a realização do primeiro diagnóstico nacional de acesso à alimentação em termos de qualidade e quantidade, bem como, mostrou a existência, em 2004 de 14 milhões de brasileiros que conviveram com a fome nos 3 meses que antecederam as entrevistas da PNAD 2004. Análise complementar dos dados da PNAD 2004, sobre o impacto na população de beneficiários dos programas de transferência de renda apontou que a cada 10 Reais transferidos havia um aumento de 8 % de chance, do domicílio, passar da situação de insegurança alimentar para a de segurança. O processo de investigação que culminou com o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta (EBIA) para diagnóstico da situação de segurança e insegurança alimentar no domicílio ultrapassou os interesses exclusivamente acadêmicos. Essa experiência constitui exemplo de parceria bem sucedida entre a academia e as instituições públicas do país. A escala tem sido apropriada pelos gestores públicos, de todos os níveis, para identificar populações vulneráveis, avaliar e ajustar os seus programas e ações.
Avaliação da viabilidade de implementação das boas práticas em unidades de alimentação e nutrição de centros de educação infantil de Piracicaba, São Paulo
Authors: Ravagnani Elisa Medeiros , Sturion Gilma Lucazechi
Published: March 2018

O trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o nível de adequação às Boas Práticas em Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN) de centros educacionais infantis (CEI) municipais de Piracicaba (SP) visando subsidiar ações para a melhoria da eficácia do Programa e contribuir para a garantia da segurança dos alimentos oferecidos e a saúde das crianças assistidas. Nas UAN de dois CEI aplicou-se uma lista de verificação para avaliação das Boas Práticas, elaborada com base nos regulamentos técnicos. Realizou-se a contagem total de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos e psicrotróficos, coliformes totais e fecais em duas preparações, consideradas de maior risco, distribuídas em cada CEI. A classificação das não conformidades observadas foi definida, de acordo com o grau de importância para a segurança dos alimentos. Concomitantemente foram identificados os investimentos requeridos para superação das mesmas. Constatou-se um nível insatisfatório médio de 64,3% de adequação às Boas Práticas. Dos itens não conformes, aproximadamente 45% evidenciaram a necessidade de medidas corretivas imediatas. As análises microbiológicas atestaram as deficiências no processo. Com base nas condições observadas, concluiu-se que é viável a implementação das Boas Práticas. Porém, recomenda-se a sensibilização dos dirigentes para otimizar os recursos disponíveis, visando a capacitação de manipuladores, e para a definição de recursos orçamentários a serem investidos especificamente para a eliminação das demais não conformidades.
Economic Empowerment Model for the Poor Through Zakat Institution Under Maqashid Syariah Concept in West Kalimantan
Authors: Indra Sukma
Published: March 2018

This research aimed at finding out the distribution of zakat and obstacles faced by BAZNAS West Kalimantan Province in economic empowerment for the poor. The research employed field research. After data collection done, the analysis carried out by doing Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to formulate maqāsid al-syari’ah based model of economic empowerment for the poor through BAZNAS West Kalimantan Province. The formulated model is able to be used as alternative for BAZNAS West Kalimantan Province in conducting maqāsid al-syari’ah based model of economic empowerment for the poor, especially in West Kalimantan.
Chromosome Synapsis and Recombination in Male Hybrids Between Two Chromosome Races of the Common Shrew (Sorex araneus L., Soricidae, Eulipotyphla)
Authors: Belonogova Nadezhda M. , Polyakov Andrei V. , Karamysheva Tatyana V. , Torgasheva Anna A. , Searle Jeremy B. , Borodin Pavel
Published: March 2018

The hybrid zone between chromosome races of the common shrew (Sorex araneus) provides an exceptional model to study the potential role of chromosome rearrangements in the initial steps of speciation. The Novosibirsk and Tomsk races differ by a series of Robertsonian fusions with monobrachial homology. They form a narrow hybrid zone and generate hybrids with both simple (chain of three chromosomes) and complex (chain of eight or nine) synaptic configurations. Using immunolocalisation of the meiotic proteins, we examined chromosome pairing and recombination in males from the hybrid zone. Homozygotes and simple heterozygotes for Robertsonian fusions showed a low frequency of synaptic aberrations (< 10%). The carriers of complex synaptic configurations showed multiple pairing abnormalities, which might lead to reduced fertility. Recombination frequency in the proximal regions of most chromosomes of all karyotypes was much lower than in the other regions. The strong suppression of recombination in the pericentromeric regions and co-segregation of race specific chromosomes involved in the long chains would be expected to lead to linkage disequilibrium between genes located there. Genic differentiation, together with the high frequency of pairing aberrations in male carriers of the long chains, might contribute to maintenance of the narrow hybrid zone.
EVALUASI SIFAT KIMIA TANAH DAN HASIL KEDELAI PADA SISTEM AGROFORESTRI BERBASIS POHON JATI
Authors: Prasetiyo Deni , Purnomo Djoko , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: March 2018

Soybean is one of the most important food commodities in Indonesia and also it has high value. The needs continue to increase each year, but not offset by increased production become an issue that must be addressed. One attempt to increase soybean production is through the cultivation in agroforestry systems through improving the quality of soil fertility. This research aims to study the effect of various doses of litter teak and NPK fertilizer on chemical soil fertility and the potential of soybeans yield in agroforestry systems based teak crops. Experiments using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors, namely litter teak doses (0 ton ha-1, 2.500 ton ha-1, 5.000 ton ha-1, 7.500 ton ha-1) and doses of NPK fertilizer (60-60-60 and 60-120-60) on Grobogan soybean varieties. The variables measured were pH, organic matter content, N-total soil, cation exchange capacity (CEC), plant tissue of N, P-total soil, and component production. Data analysis using analysis of variance F-test based on the level of 5% and significantly different variables followed by Tukey’s method level of 5%. The results showed that combination treatment with various doses of teak litter NPK fertilizers can increase total nitrogen content of the soil with the highest yield of 1.69% on S1D2 treatment, but to organic matter, CEC, pH, and total soil P not significant effect. Component of soybean varieties of the highest Grobogan of 0.83 tons ha-1 in the treatment S1D1. The result was still below the average of the national soybean production.
PENGEMBANGAN AGROWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Marwanti Sri
Published: March 2018

Karanganyar Regency is home to various agricultural resources that can be developed into tourist attractions. However, these resources have not been optimally developed to strengthen the economy. Farmers have contributed to the development of agricultural resources as tourist attractions, even though their participation is still limited to notification efforts, information gathering and discussions. This research aims to 1) find out the needs of the farmers concerning the development of agritourism, 2) explore the regency’s government policies and programs concerning the development of agricultural resources as tourist attractions, and 3) formulate a community-based agritourism development model. Research data were obtained from field observation, in-depth interview, Focus Group Discussion, and content analysis. Data were analyzed using interactive and thematic analysis. The results show that 1) support and facilitation from stakeholders are needed in order to develop agricultural resources as tourist attractions, 2) the regency’s government policies and programs are still limited, and 3) this research leads to the recommendation of Community Empowerment in Developing Agritourism (CEDA) as a model for community-based agritourism development.