bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relaxed and logarithmic modules of $$\widehat{{{\mathfrak {s}}}{{\mathfrak {l}}}_3}$$
Authors: Adamović Dražen , Creutzig Thomas , Genra Naoki
Published: June 2023

In Adamović (Commun Math Phys 366:1025–1067, 2019), the affine vertex algebra $$L_k({{\mathfrak {s}}}{{\mathfrak {l}}}_2)$$

L
k

(
s

l
2

)

is realized as a subalgebra of the vertex algebra $$Vir_c \otimes \Pi (0)$$

V
i

r
c

⊗
Π

(
0
)

, where $$Vir_c $$

V
i

r
c

is a simple Virasoro vertex algebra and $$\Pi (0)$$

Π
(
0
)

is a half-lattice vertex algebra. Moreover, all $$L_k({{\mathfrak {s}}}{{\mathfrak {l}}}_2)$$

L
k

(
s

l
2

)

-modules (including, modules in the category $$KL_k$$

K

L
k

, relaxed highest weight modules and logarithmic modules) are realized as $$Vir_c \otimes \Pi (0)$$

V
i

r
c

⊗
Π

(
0
)

-modules. A natural question is the generalization of this construction in higher rank. In the current paper, we study the case $${\mathfrak {g}}= {{\mathfrak {s}}}{{\mathfrak {l}}}_3$$

g
=
s

l
3

and present realization of the VOA $$L_k({\mathfrak {g}})$$

L
k

(
g
)

for $$k \notin {\mathbb {Z}}_{\ge 0}$$

k
∉

Z

≥
0

as a vertex subalgebra of $${\mathcal {W}}_ k \otimes {\mathcal {S}} \otimes \Pi (0)$$

W
k

⊗
S
⊗
Π

(
0
)

, where $${\mathcal {W}}_ k $$

W
k

is a simple Bershadsky–Polyakov vertex algebra and $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
is the $$\beta \gamma $$

β
γ

vertex algebra. We use this realization to study ordinary modules, relaxed highest weight modules and logarithmic modules. We prove the irreducibility of all our relaxed highest weight modules having finite-dimensional weight spaces (whose top components are Gelfand–Tsetlin modules). The irreducibility of relaxed highest weight modules with infinite-dimensional weight spaces is proved up to a conjecture on the irreducibility of certain $${\mathfrak {g}}$$
g
-modules which are not Gelfand–Tsetlin modules. The next problem that we consider is the realization of logarithmic modules. We first analyse the free-field realization of $${\mathcal {W}}_ k $$

W
k

from Adamović et al. (Lett Math Phys 111(2), Paper No. 38, arXiv:2007.00396 [math.QA], 2021) and obtain a realization of logarithmic modules for $${\mathcal {W}}_ k $$

W
k

of nilpotent rank two at most admissible levels. Beyond admissible levels, we get realization of logarithmic modules up to a existence of certain $${\mathcal {W}}_k({{\mathfrak {s}}}{{\mathfrak {l}}}_3, f_{pr})$$

W
k

(
s

l
3

,

f

pr

)

-modules. Using logarithmic modules for the $$\beta \gamma $$

β
γ

VOA, we are able to construct logarithmic $$L_k({\mathfrak {g}})$$

L
k

(
g
)

-modules of rank three.
Emergence of sense of body ownership but not agency during virtual tool-use training is associated with an altered body schema
Authors: Najafabadi Amir Jahanian , Küster Dennis , Putze Felix , Godde Ben
Published: June 2023

In this study we examined if training with a virtual tool in augmented reality (AR) affects the emergence of ownership and agency over the tool and whether this relates to changes in body schema (BS). 34 young adults learned controlling a virtual gripper to grasp a virtual object. In the visuo-tactile (VT) but not the vision-only (V) condition, vibro-tactile feedback was applied to the palm, thumb and index fingers through a CyberTouch II glove when the tool touched the object. Changes in the forearm BS were assessed with a tactile distance judgement task (TDJ) where participants judged distances between two tactile stimuli applied to their right forearm either in proximodistal or mediolateral orientation. Participants further rated their perceived ownership and agency after training. TDJ estimation errors were reduced after training for proximodistal orientations, suggesting that stimuli oriented along the arm axis were perceived as closer together. Higher ratings for ownership were associated with increasing performance level and more BS plasticity, i.e., stronger reduction in TDJ estimation error, and after training in the VT as compared to the V feedback condition, respectively. Agency over the tool was achieved independent of BS plasticity. We conclude that the emergence of a sense of ownership but not agency depends on performance level and the integration of the virtual tool into the arm representation.
Outcome and risk prediction of early progression in patients with extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma from the CLCG study
Authors: Li Jia-Ying , Hou Xiao-Rong , Chen Si-Ye , Liu Xin , Zhong Qiu-Zi , Qian Li-Ting , Qiao Xue-Ying , Wang Hua , Zhu Yuan , Cao Jian-Zhong , Wu Jun-Xin , Wu Tao , Zhu Su-Yu , Shi Mei , Zhang Hui-Lai , Zhang Xi-Mei , Su Hang , Song Yu-Qin , Zhu Jun , Zhang Yu-Jing , Huang Hui-Qiang , Wang Ying , He Xia , Zhang Li-Ling , Qu Bao-Lin , Yang Yong , Hu Chen , Deng Min , Wang Shu-Lian , Qi Shu-Nan , Li Ye-Xiong
Published: June 2023

Recently, progression-free survival at 24 months (PFS24) was defined as clinically relevant for patients with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma. Herein, the clinical data from two independent random cohorts (696 patients each in the primary and validation datasets) were used to develop and validate a risk index for PFS24 (PFS24-RI), and evaluate its ability to predict early progression. Patients achieving PFS24 had a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 95.8%, whereas OS was only 21.2% in those failing PFS24 (P<0.001). PFS24 was an important predictor of subsequent OS, independent of risk stratification. The proportion of patients achieving PFS24 and 5-year OS rates correlated linearly among risk-stratified groups. Based on multivariate analysis of the primary dataset, the PFS24-RI included five risk factors: stage II or III/IV, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score ≥2, primary tumor invasion, and extra-upper aerodigestive tract. PFS24-RI stratified the patients into low-risk (0), intermediate-risk (1–2), high-risk (≥3) groups with different prognoses. Harrell’s C-index of PFS24-RI for PFS24 prediction was 0.667 in the validation dataset, indicating a good discriminative ability. PFS24-RI calibration indicated that the actual observed and predicted probability of failing PFS24 agreed well. PFS24-RI provided the probability of achieving PFS24 at an individual patient level.
Genderkompetenz: Leer- oder Lehrstelle?
Authors: Schigl Brigitte , Ahlers Corina
Published: June 2023

Gender ist eine nach wie vor unterbelichtete Therapeut:innen- (und Patient:innen)Variable der Psychotherapieforschung. Dieser Beitrag definiert Gendersensibilität und Genderkompetenz und stellt vier qualitative Studien vor, die Aussagen dazu in Bezug auf österreichische Psychotherapeut:innen liefern: Die qualitativen Daten der ersten beiden Studien resultieren aus einer Sekundäranalyse, in der Aussagen zum Thema Sprechen über Sexualität sowie leibliche Berührung in der Psychotherapie untersucht wurden. Eine weitere Arbeit beschäftigt sich direkt mit der Genderkompetenz von Psychotherapeut:innen im Prozess der Zielvereinbarung am Beginn der Psychotherapie. Eine Studie aus dem systemischen Feld analysiert Briefe Studierender an Patient:innen (Einzelpersonen, Paare, Familien). Die kritischen Analysen aller Daten verweisen auf eher klischeehafte Vorstellungen von Gender bzw. aus Identifikation resultierende Interaktionen und relativ wenig diesbezügliche Reflexion seitens der Psychotherapeut:innen. Allerdings auch, dass Gendersensibilität angestoßen werden kann und vielfach bei Studierenden ein Wunsch nach mehr Information und Auseinandersetzung damit besteht.
Enhanced damage classification accuracy on a transmission by extending existing datasets with generative adversarial networks
Authors: König Timo , Wagner Fabian , Kley Markus , Liebschner Marcus
Published: June 2023

In many areas of drive technology, condition monitoring of transmissions and drive systems is becoming an increasingly important discipline. Condition monitoring systems are used in many cases in combination with machine learning algorithms. The generation of a sufficient amount of data per condition class is relevant to ensure training stability and accuracy of the applied algorithms. Especially in early development phases a sufficient data generation is not often given. In the scope of this paper, a Generative Adversarial Network is applied to generate synthetic data and therefore extend existing measurement data sets. Acceleration data in three different condition classes is used, that has been collected on a gearbox as part of the PHM Data Challenge 2009. In order to highlight relevant features and reduce the number of data points, data is pre-processed via appropriate signal analysis techniques, in this case with the spectral kurtosis. It is shown, that in this use case the synthetically generated data via a Generative Adversarial Network has the same feature characteristics as the real measured data sets. The augmentation of the existing data set also improves the detection accuracy with artificial neural networks for the classification of different system states.
Neurostimulation and sleep in patients with epilepsy—English version
Authors: Voges Berthold , Imbach Lukas
Published: June 2023

Background

Chronic sleep disturbance may affect seizure frequency and efficacy of treatment in epilepsy patients. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) can both induce sleep disturbance as a side effect.

Aim

The goal of this review is to provide information and clinical advice about potential interactions between DBS at the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) and sleep as well as between VNS and sleep.

Materials and methods

We provide an up-to-date overview of the currently available literature, giving insights for diagnostics and therapy based on clinical studies, and experience in two epilepsy centers with longitudinal cohorts of patients under chronic neurostimulation.

Results

In patients with chronic ANT-DBS and VNS, stimulation-correlated, probably dose-dependent sleep disturbances have been reported in several studies. The reason for this is assumed to be an accidental co-stimulation of the ascending reticular arousal system in the case of DBS, and an indirect effect via induction of sleep-related breathing disorders in the case of VNS. Furthermore, VNS might also influence sleep through modulation of noradrenergic and dopaminergic, arousal-inducing systems in the pons and midbrain. Reduction of stimulation amplitudes, changes in stimulation parameters, and localization of the active stimulation zone are discussed as treatment strategies in DBS. In the case of VNS-induced sleep disturbance, a nocturnal reduction of stimulation (bilevel therapy) can be offered.

Conclusion

As data are currently still sparse, it seems important to optimize treatment regimens for VNS and DBS in order not to antagonize their potential anticonvulsant effects by inducing sleep fragmentation.
Bioenergy production from chicken manure: a review
Authors: Tawfik Ahmed , Eraky Mohamed , Osman Ahmed I. , Ai Ping , Zhou Zhongbo , Meng Fangang , Rooney David W.
Published: June 2023

Adopting waste-to-wealth strategies and circular economy models can help reduce biowaste and add value. For instance, poultry farming is an essential source of protein, and chicken manure can be converted into renewable energy through anaerobic digestion. However, there are a number of restrictions that prevent the utilization of chicken manure in bioenergy production. Here, we review the conversion of chicken manure into biomethane by anaerobic digestion with focus on limiting factors, strategies to enhance digestion, and valorization. Limiting factors include antibiotics, ammonia, fatty acids, trace elements, and organic compounds. Digestion can be enhanced by co-digestion with sludge, lignocellulosic materials, food waste, and green waste; by addition of additives such as chars, hydrochars, and conductive nanoparticles; and by improving the bacterial community. Chicken manure can be valorized by composting, pyrolysis, and gasification. We found that the growth of anaerobic organisms is inhibited by low carbon-to-nitrogen ratios. The total biogas yield decreased from 450.4 to 211.0 mL/g volatile solids in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and chlortetracycline in chicken manure. A chlortetracycline concentration of 60 mg/kg or less is optimal for biomethanization, whereas higher concentrations can inhibit biomethane production. The biomethane productivity is reduced by 56% at oxytetracycline concentrations of 10 mg/L in the manure. Tylosin concentration exceeding 167 mg/L in the manure highly deteriorated the biomethane productivity due to an accumulation of acetate and propionate in the fermentation medium. Anaerobic co-digestion of 10% of primary sludge to 90% of chicken manure increased the biogas yield up to 8570 mL/g volatile solids. Moreover, chemicals such as biochar, hydrochar, and conducting materials can boost anaerobic digestion by promoting direct interspecies electron transfer. For instance, the biomethane yield from the anaerobic digestion of chicken manure was improved by a value of 38% by supplementation of biochar.
Lessons of Hope and Resilience: A Co-Produced Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Youth Living with Psychosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria
Authors: Bella-Awusah Tolulope , Abdurahman Haleem , Omobowale Olubukola , Aturu Olayinka , Afolayan Adeola , Ogunmola Olusegun , Fasoranti Bisola , Olusanmi Mayowa , Tamambang Rita , Bamidele Olayinka , Ryan Grace , Shakespeare Thomas , Eaton Julian , Omigbodun Olayinka
Published: June 2023

Much of the emerging evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on people with psychosocial disabilities comes from high-income countries. This study sought to explore the perceptions and experiences of youths living with psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Using a co-produced research process, a facility-based study was conducted among youth with confirmed diagnosis of a psychotic disorder. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 participants. Data was transcribed, double-coded and analysed with Atlas.ti using a thematic analysis approach. We found that participants were aware of good evidence-based information on the nature of the disease and the pandemic. Many of them described worsening mental health and disruptions to daily routines. Opportunities for deepening family relationships, skill building, helping others, and extended time for previously neglected self-development activities were described. This study benefitted from co-production with persons with lived experience, which could be harnessed for future research on psychosis.
Towards privacy-preserving digital marketing: an integrated framework for user modeling using deep learning on a data monetization platform
Authors: Han Qiwei , Lucas Carolina , Aguiar Emila , Macedo Patrícia , Wu Zhenze
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a novel approach to privacy-preserving user modeling for digital marketing campaigns using deep learning techniques on a data monetization platform, which enables users to maintain control over their personal data while allowing marketers to identify suitable target audiences for their campaigns. The system comprises of several stages, starting with the use of representation learning on hyperbolic space to capture the latent user interests across multiple data sources with hierarchical structures. Next, Generative Adversarial Networks are employed to generate synthetic user interests from these embeddings. To ensure the privacy of user data, a Federated Learning technique is implemented for decentralized user modeling training, without sharing data with marketers. Lastly, a targeting strategy based on recommendation system is constructed to leverage the learned user interests for identifying the optimal target audience for digital marketing campaigns. Overall, the proposed approach provides a comprehensive solution for privacy-preserving user modeling for digital marketing.
Substance Use Disorder-Related Deaths and Maternal Mortality in New Mexico, 2015–2019
Authors: Fuchs Jessica R. , Schiff Melissa A. , Coronado Eirian
Published: June 2023

Background

In recent decades, maternal mortality has increased across the U.S. Experiences of pregnant and postpartum people with Substance Use Disorder (SUD)-related deaths have not been previously evaluated in New Mexico. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors related to substance use and explore substance use patterns among pregnancy-associated deaths in New Mexico from 2015 to 2019.

Methods

We conducted an analysis of pregnancy-associated deaths to assess the association between demographics, pregnancy factors, circumstances surrounding death, treatment of mental health conditions, and experiences with social stressors among Substance Use Disorder (SUD)-related and non-SUD-related deaths. We performed univariate analyses of risk factors using chi-square tests to assess the differences between SUD-related and non-SUD-related deaths. We also examined substance use at time of death.

Results

People with SUD-related deaths were more likely to die 43–365 days postpartum (81% vs. 45%, p-value = 0.002), have had a primary cause of death of mental health conditions (47% vs 10%, p < 0.001), have died of an overdose (41% vs. 8%, p-value = 0.002), have had experienced any social stressors (86% vs 30%, p < 0.001) compared to people with non-SUD-related deaths, and received treatment for SUD at any point before, during, or after pregnancy (49% vs. 2%, p < 0.001). The substances most used at time of death were amphetamines (70%), and most cases engaged in polysubstance use (63%).

Conclusions for Practice

Providers, health departments, and community organizations must prioritize supporting people using substances during and after pregnancy to prevent death and improve quality of life for pregnant and postpartum people.
Investigating the dissolution of soil phosphate
Authors: Barrow N. J. , Debnath Abhijit , Sen Arup
Published: June 2023

Aims

The effectiveness of phosphate fertilisers decreases with increasing period of reaction. One explanation for this is that the phosphate (P) has changed its chemical form. Evidence for this is provided by fractionation schemes which include extraction with alkali, followed by extraction with acid. Our aim was to test whether alkali and acid extracted different moieties and to test their ability to reflect changes in phosphate form over time.

Methods

We measured the effect of period of reaction between P and an iron (hydroxy)oxide (goethite), an aluminium oxide, and a soil, using two methods. These are: extraction with acid and extraction with alkali.

Results

Extraction of P by acid was similar to extraction by alkali. This is not consistent with the idea that they extract different kinds of phosphate. With increasing period of reaction, more iron and more aluminium needed to be dissolved in order to dissolve the same amount of P. The rate of dissolution of iron and of aluminium decreased with increasing period of reaction with phosphate.

Conclusions

Our results are consistent with diffusion of P into the reacting materials rather than formation of different chemical forms. We think the increased resistance to disolution occurred because phosphate diffused into defects and repaired them. Fractionation methods reflect increasing vigour of extraction rather than the presence of separate forms.
The Current of Consciousness: Neural Correlates and Clinical Aspects
Authors: Friedman Garrett , Turk Katherine W. , Budson Andrew E.
Published: June 2023

Purpose of Review

In this review, we summarize the current understanding of consciousness including its neuroanatomic basis. We discuss major theories of consciousness, physical exam-based and electroencephalographic metrics used to stratify levels of consciousness, and tools used to shed light on the neural correlates of the conscious experience. Lastly, we review an expanded category of ‘disorders of consciousness,’ which includes disorders that impact either the level or experience of consciousness.

Recent Findings

Recent studies have revealed many of the requisite EEG, ERP, and fMRI signals to predict aspects of the conscious experience. Neurological disorders that disrupt the reticular activating system can affect the level of consciousness, whereas cortical disorders from seizures and migraines to strokes and dementia may disrupt phenomenal consciousness. The recently introduced memory theory of consciousness provides a new explanation of phenomenal consciousness that may explain better than prior theories both experimental studies and the neurologist’s clinical experience.

Although the complete neurobiological basis of consciousness remains a mystery, recent advances have improved our understanding of the physiology underlying level of consciousness and phenomenal consciousness.
Early Intravenous Beta-Blockade with Esmolol in Adults with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (EBB-TBI): Protocol for a Phase 2a Intervention Design Study
Authors: Thomas Matt , Hayes Kati , White Paul , Ramesh Aravind , Culliford Lucy , Ackland Gareth , Pickering Anthony
Published: June 2023

Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Interventions that mitigate secondary brain injury have the potential to improve outcomes for patients and reduce the impact on communities and society. Increased circulating catecholamines are associated with worse outcomes and there are supportive animal data and indications in human studies of benefit from beta-blockade after severe traumatic brain injury. Here, we present the protocol for a dose-finding study using esmolol in adults commenced within 24 h of severe traumatic brain injury. Esmolol has practical advantages and theoretical benefits as a neuroprotective agent in this setting, but these must be balanced against the known risk of secondary injury from hypotension. The aim of this study is to determine a dose schedule for esmolol, using the continual reassessment method, that combines a clinically significant reduction in heart rate as a surrogate for catecholamine drive with maintenance of cerebral perfusion pressure. The maximum tolerated dosing schedule for esmolol can then be tested for patient benefit in subsequent randomized controlled trials.

Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN11038397, registered retrospectively 07/01/2021 https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN11038397
Rapid Versus Gradual Weaning of External Ventricular Drain: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ebel Florian , Lichter Eric , Mariani Luigi , Guzman Raphael , Soleman Jehuda
Published: June 2023

The insertion of an external ventricular drain (EVD) is one of the most common neurosurgical procedures. Whether the weaning method (gradual or rapid) influences the ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) insertion rate has not been conclusively established. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic literature review and conduct a meta-analysis of studies comparing gradual with rapid EVD weaning regarding VPS insertion rate. Articles were identified by searching the Pubmed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases throughout October 2022. Two independent researchers assessed the studies for inclusion and quality. We included randomized trials, prospective cohort studies, and retrospective cohort studies, which compared gradual and rapid EVD weaning. The primary outcome was VPS insertion rate, whereas secondary outcomes were EVD-associated infection (EVDAI) rate and length of stay in the hospital and intensive care unit (ICU). Four studies directly comparing rapid versus gradual EVD weaning, with 1337 patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage, were identified and included in the meta-analysis. VPS insertion rate was 28.1% and 32.1% in patients with gradual and rapid EVD weaning, respectively (relative risk 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.49–1.46, p = 0.56). Further, the EVDAI rate was comparable between the groups (gradual group 11.2%, rapid group 11.5%, relative risk 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.24–1.89, p = 0.45), whereas length of stay in the ICU and hospital were significantly shorter in the rapid weaning group (2.7 and 3.6 days, respectively; p < 0.01). Rapid EVD weaning seems comparable to gradual EVD weaning concerning VPS insertion rates and EVDAI, whereas hospital and ICU length of stay is significantly reduced.
Structured software development versus agile software development: a comparative analysis
Authors: Mishra Alok , Alzoubi Yehia Ibrahim
Published: June 2023

The use of agile methodology has become widespread in organizations that previously relied on traditional or structured software development methods, such as the waterfall approach. Successful completion rates for agile initiatives are at 40%, whereas only 15% of waterfall projects were successfully completed. To take advantage of the benefits of each method, many organizations are using a hybrid approach that combines Agile with Waterfall and structured software development methodologies. Rather than asking which methodology is superior, it is more productive to determine which one is most effective for a particular project. Agile projects have a failure rate of 10%, while waterfall projects fail 30% of the time. This study aims to compare and contrast agile and waterfall methodologies in order to create a decision tree for selecting the most suitable method for a software development project. Several cases and scenarios are examined using the hybrid development approach. Despite many advantages of Agile methodologies, a combination approach may be necessary, as Waterfall may be required for certain projects or development phases. This study explores the feasibility of combining Waterfall and Agile methodologies in software development management.
Modification of graphene oxide with imidazolium-based ionic liquid for significant sorption of La(III) and Pr(III) from aqueous solutions
Authors: Elgoud Elsayed Mustafa Abu , Abd-Elhamid Ahmed Ibrahim , Aly Hisham Fouad
Published: June 2023

A straightforward ferrocyanide immobilization on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) was conducted for rapid and efficient adsorption capacity for lanthanum and praseodymium from an aqueous solution. The GO was mixed with 1-methyl imidazole in the presence of epichlorohydrin to form GO-imidazole-Cl and thereafter suspended in a potassium ferrocyanide solution to fabricate GO-imidazole-FeCN. The prepared materials were characterized with different advanced techniques confirming the preparation method. The adsorption ability of GO-imidazole-FeCN towards La(III) and Pr(III) ions was evaluated. Moreover, the adsorption isotherm showed that the sorption process was fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model with a considerable maximum adsorption capacity of 781.25 mg g−1 for La(III) and 862.07 mg g−1 for Pr(III). The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of both metal ions was spontaneous and endothermic. In addition, the adsorbent showed excellent adsorption–desorption behavior over 5 times, suggesting that GO-imidazole-FeCN may be considered a potential candidate for La(III) and Pr(III) removal from different metal ions which present in fission products.
A Vector Fitting Approach for the Automated Estimation of Lumped Boundary Conditions of 1D Circulation Models
Authors: Fevola Elisa , Bradde Tommaso , Triverio Piero , Grivet-Talocia Stefano
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The choice of appropriate boundary conditions is a crucial step in the development of cardiovascular models for blood flow simulations. The three-element Windkessel model is usually employed as a lumped boundary condition, providing a reduced order representation of the peripheral circulation. However, the systematic estimation of the Windkessel parameters remains an open problem. Moreover, the Windkessel model is not always adequate to model blood flow dynamics, which often require more elaborate boundary conditions. In this study, we propose a method for the estimation of the parameters of high order boundary conditions, including the Windkessel model, from pressure and flow rate waveforms at the truncation point. Moreover, we investigate the effect of adopting higher order boundary conditions, corresponding to equivalent circuits with more than one storage element, on the accuracy of the model.

Method

The proposed technique is based on Time-Domain Vector Fitting, a modeling algorithm that, given samples of the input and output of a system, such as pressure and flow waveforms, can derive a differential equation approximating their relation.

Results

The capabilities of the proposed method are tested on a 1D circulation model consisting of the 55 largest human systemic arteries, to demonstrate its accuracy and its usefulness to estimate boundary conditions with order higher than the traditional Windkessel models. The proposed method is compared to other common estimation techniques, and its robustness in parameter estimation is verified in presence of noisy data and of physiological changes of aortic flow rate induced by mental stress.

Conclusion

Results suggest that the proposed method is able to accurately estimate boundary conditions of arbitrary order. Higher order boundary conditions can improve the accuracy of cardiovascular simulations, and Time-Domain Vector Fitting can automatically estimate them.
Attitudes towards machine translation and languages among travelers
Authors: Carvalho Inês , Ramires Ana , Iglesias Montserrat
Published: June 2023

Machine translation (MT), i.e., automatic translation, is a growing field in artificial intelligence with huge impacts on societies and businesses. Despite its importance for traveling and tourism communication, it has not been approached within tourism research. This study aims to fill this gap in knowledge by analyzing how attitudes toward machine translation are related to tourists’ profiles, travel behaviors, and language mindsets. It comprises two parts. The first one concerns a sample of 2535 individuals, while the second concerns a sub-sample of 907 language tourists (LTs). Specific research goals are set for each study: (1) to compare individuals with opposing viewpoints on the importance of MT in terms of profiles and attitudes toward languages; and (2) to understand how LTs’ profiles and travel experiences differed according to their agreement with the importance of MT in their most significant language trip. Statistical exploratory and inferential analyses have been conducted. We conclude that those with more positive views of MT tend to be younger and less educated, report poorer language skills, and attribute greater importance to the role of English as a lingua franca. Concerning LTs, those who rate MT as less important are more likely to have acquired language skills formally, engage more in cultural activities, and have closer contact with locals during their language trips. Acknowledging the role of MT in their most significant language trip is neither associated with a more unfavorable attitude towards the role of language in tourism nor with perceived diminished travel outcomes.
Effect of Particle–Particle and RBC–Particle Interactions on Capture Efficiency of Magnetic Nanocarriers Under the Influence of a Nonuniform Magnetic Field
Authors: Lahonian Mansour , Khedri Sepideh , Aminian Saman , Ranjbari Leyla , Ardalan Aram
Published: June 2023

In this study, the capture efficiency (CE) of magnetic carrier particles at the region of interest (ROI) in a micro-vessel was investigated. A nonuniform magnetic field produced by a Nd-Fe-B magnet was applied to capture the carrier particles at the ROI. The particle–particle and red blood cell (RBC)–carrier particle interactions were taken into account. Other parameters including carrier particle diameter, magnetic force, and non-Newtonian behavior of blood were also considered. The finite element method was used to solve the governing equations. Four cases were considered: (1) Newtonian without interaction forces, (2) Newtonian with interaction forces, (3) non-Newtonian without interaction forces, and (4) non-Newtonian with interaction forces. The results showed that for a particle diameter of 2000 nm, the CE values for the case without interaction force and with interaction force were 70% and 53%, respectively. It was found that by considering the particle–particle and RBC–carrier particle interactions for all magnet–vessel distances, the CE of carrier particles decreased, on average, by nearly 19%. At a magnet–vessel distance of 2.5 cm ($$d=2.5\,\mathrm{cm}),$$

d
=
2.5

cm
)
,

it was seen that the CE values for case 2 and case 3 were nearly 70% and 45%, representing the maximum and minimum CE values, respectively.
Advancement of risk analysis methods during prolonging the service life of industrial equipment
Authors: Belodedenko S. , Bilichenko G. , Hanush V. , Izhevskyi Y.
Published: June 2023

The aim of the work was to trace the relationship between the durability of the equipment and its maintenance strategy. This is done by examples of basic structures of industrial equipment. They have a long service life and during this time manage to accumulate certain damages that need to be diagnosed, after which decisions on its maintenance and repair must be made. Problems associated with the technique for extending the service life of industrial equipment are addressed. The authors have created a technique called the resource safety index (RSI), which uses this characteristic as a diagnostic metric. The usage of the risk function to control the technical state of base structures is shown in this study. It is demonstrated how the behavior of the risk function affects the choice of the inspection model. A risk function model for base structures is proposed, which is based on the concepts of stepwise assignment of the limit state and the corresponding useful life. An algorithm for determining the optimal period of restoration measures according to minimizing the cost intensity criterion, where the risk indicator is a parameter, has been developed. The proposed concepts were put into practice when deciding on the further operation of the housings of the 350 pipes rolling unit. The housings of the piercing mill and the automatic mill, which had been in operation for 80 years, were diagnosed. For the first time, it was discovered that the housings risk function at the crack break through point stage can be represented by a linear dependence directly proportional to the accumulation of operating time. One of the signs of deterioration in the technical condition of rolling mill stands is a malfunction of the system of fixing and securing the housings.
Fostering pre-service teachers' assessment skills in a video simulation
Authors: Nickl Michael , Sommerhoff Daniel , Böheim Ricardo , Ufer Stefan , Seidel Tina
Published: June 2023

Abstract: An adequate on-the-fly assessment of relevant learner characteristics is an essential professional ability for effective teaching. However, this task is challenging, particularly for teacher students, as they often struggle in applying conceptual knowledge and lack perception of personal value and utility of study contents. Video-based simulations enable the acquisition of practice-oriented abilities for student assessment in initial teacher education. Implementing additional scaffolding in simulations can increase learning gains. The present study examines whether a utility value intervention and conceptual knowledge prompts can effectively support the assessment of relevant learner characteristics and how such effects are influenced by success expectancy. The study participants were N = 108 pre-service teachers, who completed a validated video-based simulation. They were randomly assigned to both interventions (utility value intervention, conceptual prompts) in a 2 × 2 design. The results showed that conceptual prompts improved judgment accuracy effectively. The utility value intervention yielded only descriptive improvements that require further investigations. The combination of both interventions was least effective. Furthermore, the results suggest that participants with low success expectancy benefited more from conceptual prompts. These results suggest that conceptual knowledge prompts and tentatively also utility value interventions can be used as effective scaffolds in simulations in the context of assessment skills. However, they also tentatively suggest that more processing and reflection time might be required for the combined scaffold to be effective. In addition, the differential effectiveness of both scaffolds emphasizes that an adaptation of scaffolds based on, for example, success expectancy can support additional learning gains.
Angehörige von Menschen mit Demenz beraten
Authors: Vögeli Samuel , Wolf Nina
Published: June 2023

Die Autor_innen des Praxishandbuchs zur Beratung der Angehörigen von Menschen mit Demenz beziffern, wie viele Menschen direkt oder als Angehörige von Demenz betroffen sind. Sie beschreiben die Aufgaben, Belastungen, Bedürfnisse und Ressourcen von Angehörigen. Die Autor_innen klären grundlegende Konzepte, Kompetenzen, Prinzipien und Settings der Beratung und stellen die aktuelle Studienlage zum Thema „Angehörigenberatung von Menschen mit Demenz“ dar. Sie beschreiben den Beratungsprozess und benennen häufige Beratungsthemen, wie die Organisation von Entlastungen und pflegerisch-finanziellen Unterstützungsangeboten sowie die Vereinbarkeit von Berufstätigkeit und Pflegearbeit. Konkret zeigen sie auf, wie Angehörige zum Krankheitsbild und zu Behandlungsoptionen einer Demenz informiert werden können. Sie beschreiben, wie Techniken zur Entspannung und Stressminderung vermittelt und Angehörige bei schwierigen Entscheidungen bezüglich Autofahren, Risikomanagement, Fremdbetreuung und palliativer Versorgung unterstützt werden sollten. Ausführlich diskutieren sie, welche Konflikte sich aus der Demenzerkrankung eines Familienmitgliedes für Beziehungen ergeben können. Die Autor_innen geben Tipps für sinnvolle Beschäftigungen und anregenden Aktivitäten im Alltag. Konkret beschreiben sie, was es bei der Beratung zu den Themen Ernährung, Körperpflege und Kontinenz zu beachten gilt, und mit welchen Beratungsansätzen Angehörige herausforderndes Verhalten mindern, Verluste betrauern sowie Resilienz, Vereinbarkeitskompetenz und Hilfsangebote aufbauen können.
Die Gen-Lotterie
Authors: Harden Kathryn Paige
Published: June 2023

Kathryn Paige Harden informiert über den neuesten Stand der Genforschung, räumt mit gefährlichen eugenischen Vorstellungen auf und konfrontiert uns mit der Frage, was Gleichheit und Gerechtigkeit bedeuten in einer Welt, in der Menschen mit unterschiedlichen Fähigkeiten geboren werden. Sie fordert uns dazu auf, die Bedeutung des genetischen Zufalls ernst zu nehmen, wenn wir jemals versuchen sollten, eine gerechte Gesellschaft zu entwickeln. 
Dieses richtungsweisende Buch befreit die Genetik vom Erbe der Eugenik und präsentiert eine kühne Vision von einer Gesellschaft, in der alle Menschen erfolgreich sind unabhängig davon, wie sie in der Gen-Lotterie abschneiden. 
„Ich empfehle das Buch von Kathryn Harden, denn in der heutigen Zeit, in der vieles einfach argumentativ wegdiskutiert wird, ist ein solches Buch sehr interessant. Es gibt eben doch teilweise massive oder auch nur moderate genetische Einflüsse auf das Verhalten, die man nicht wegdiskutieren kann.“ Prof. Dr. Lutz Jäncke
Postpartale Depression
Authors: Wolkenstein Larissa
Published: June 2023

Eine von zehn Frauen leidet nach der Geburt ihres Kindes unter einer postpartalen Depression. Obwohl dies nicht nur für die Betroffenen selbst, sondern auch für deren Kinder und ihr gesamtes familiäres System schwerwiegende Folgen nach sich zieht, bleibt diese Störung in unserem Gesundheitssystem oftmals unerkannt. Betroffene erhalten folglich nicht die dringend gebotene Behandlung. Ziel des Buches ist es, Leserinnen und Leser mit dem Störungsbild der postpartalen Depression vertraut zu machen und diese zu befähigen, eine vorliegende postpartale Depression zu erkennen und sie von anderen psychischen Störungen abzugrenzen.
Der Band beschreibt Instrumente, mit deren Hilfe postpartale Depressionen zuverlässig diagnostiziert werden können. Zudem wird ein multifaktorielles Entstehungsmodell dargestellt, das neben psychosozialen und physiologischen Vulnerabilitätsfaktoren auch potenziell auslösende Stressoren berücksichtigt. Praxisorientiert werden evidenzbasierte psychotherapeutische Behandlungsmöglichkeiten geschildert. Besonders wird dabei die kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische Behandlung der postpartalen Depression in den Blick genommen. Neben der Darstellung spezifischer Interventionsmethoden und Hinweisen zu deren Indikation wird deren konkrete Umsetzung anhand von Fallbeispielen verdeutlicht. Das Buch geht auf häufig auftretende Probleme in der Behandlung der postpartalen Depression ebenso ein wie auf hilfreiche Lösungsmöglichkeiten. Weiterhin enthält der Band Materialien, die bei der Arbeit mit Patientinnen, die unter einer postpartalen Depression leiden, genutzt werden können – z.B. im Rahmen von Erstgesprächen, Paargesprächen, Therapiegesprächen oder zur Beobachtung der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion.
Impact of Tibetan Plateau Spring Snow on the Summer Heat Wave Frequency Over the Indochina Peninsula
Authors: Zhang RuiZhi , Jia XiaoJing , Qian QiFeng
Published: June 2023

In this work, we investigated the impact of the interannual variation in Tibetan Plateau snow cover (TPSC) on the summer heat wave frequency (HWF) over the Indochina Peninsula (ICP) (HWF_ICP) for 1981–2020. This study shows that the spring TPSC variation over the central Tibetan Plateau (TP) is positively correlated with the summer HWF_ICP and can explain up to 30% of the summer HWF_ICP variance. Analysis of the apparent heat source shows that more‐than‐normal spring snow cover over the central TP has a cooling effect on the above atmosphere, which induces negative geopotential height anomalies in the upper troposphere. The anomalous spring TPSC and its cooling effect can persist until summer. In summer, the TPSC‐associated low anomalies propagate eastward to the East Asia‐Japan Sea area. The anomalous westerly winds along the south flank of these low anomalies strengthen the climatological westerly jet. Changes in the westerlies are accompanied by anomalous ascending and descending air motion north and south of 30°N over the coast of East Asia and the western Pacific. The anomalous descending air motion south of 30°N causes an enhanced subtropical high, less cloud cover, and more downward solar radiation, which are favorable conditions for a greater occurrence of heat waves over the ICP. The results of current study may provide useful information for improving the seasonal forecast skill of the summer HWF_ICP variation.
The Ellipse‐Fitting Detection of Winter North Pacific Jet and the Associated Air Temperature Variations in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Zhao Shan , Huang Danqing , Zhu Jian , Zhang Yaocun , Gong Zhaohui
Published: June 2023

In the mid‐latitudes, the strongly meandering jet stream has contributed to worldwide weather patterns and climate variations. However, the shape variations of the jet and its climatic impacts remain unclear. In this study, we introduced an ellipse‐fitting technique to fit the high‐value wind speeds and identified the location, shape, and strength variations of the winter‐averaged North Pacific jet (NPJ). Particularly, this method has the advantage of objectively detecting the shape variations of the NPJ, including the area and orientation. Focused on the NPJ shape, the area and orientation variations are generally out‐of‐phase, leading to a large‐straight jet and a small‐tilted jet. The shape variation of the NPJ is highly linked to the variations in both mean and extreme temperatures in winter over East Asia and North America. Associated with the small‐tilted NPJ, northern East Asia and northern North America frequently suffer from warm and cold events in winter, respectively, while associated with the large‐straight NPJ, the patterns are almost opposite but with an asymmetric distribution to the small‐tilted NPJ. The distribution of the 300 hPa wind speed anomalies shows a spatial‐asymmetric feature at the exit and entrance of the NPJ. Large positive (negative) anomalies and the poleward (equatorward) shift at the NPJ exit and locations downstream (170°E−140°W) act in combination on the formation and maintenance of the large‐straight (small‐tilted) jet, which may be strongly connected with the sea surface temperature variations and synoptic‐scale transient eddy activities there. Our findings would be helpful in providing potential indicators of temperature variations.
Silicon Isotopes Highlight the Role of Glaciated Fjords in Modifying Coastal Waters
Authors: Hatton J. E. , Ng H. C. , Meire L. , Woodward E. M. S. , Leng M. J. , Coath C. D. , Stuart‐Lee A. , Wang T. , Annett A. L. , Hendry K. R.
Published: June 2023

Glaciers and ice sheets are experiencing rapid warming under current climatic change and there is increasing evidence that glacial meltwaters provide key dissolved and dissolvable amorphous nutrients to downstream ecosystems. However, large debate exists around the fate of these nutrients within complex and heterogenous fjord environments, where biogeochemical cycling is still often poorly understood. We combine silicon (Si) concentration data with isotopic compositions to better understand silicon cycling and export in two contrasting fjordic environments in south‐west Greenland. We show that both fjords have isotopically light dissolved silicon (DSi) within surface waters, despite an apparently rapid biological drawdown of DSi with increasing salinity. We hypothesize that such observations cannot be explained by simple water mass mixing processes, and postulate that an isotopically light source of Si, most likely glacially derived amorphous silica (ASi), is responsible for further modifying these coastal waters within the fjords and beyond. Fjord to coastal exchange is likely a relatively slow process (several months), and thus is less impacted by short‐term (<seasonal) changes of glacial meltwater input into the fjord, which has implications when considering the role of glacial meltwaters on nutrient export beyond the shelf break. We highlight the need for isotopic studies combined with dissolved and particulate nutrient concentration analysis to provide a more detailed analysis into the biogeochemical cycles within these highly dynamic fjord environments.
Data‐Driven Estimation of Groundwater Level Time‐Series at Unmonitored Sites Using Comparative Regional Analysis
Authors: Haaf E. , Giese M. , Reimann T. , Barthel R.
Published: June 2023

A new method is presented to efficiently estimate daily groundwater level time series at unmonitored sites by linking groundwater dynamics to local hydrogeological system controls. The proposed approach is based on the concept of comparative regional analysis, an approach widely used in surface water hydrology, but uncommon in hydrogeology. Using physiographic and climatic site descriptors, the method utilizes regression analysis to estimate cumulative frequency distributions of groundwater levels (groundwater head duration curves, HDC) at unmonitored locations. The HDC is then used to construct a groundwater hydrograph using time series from distance‐weighted neighboring monitored (donor) locations. For estimating times series at unmonitored sites, in essence, spatio‐temporal interpolation, stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and nearest neighbors are compared. The methods were applied to 10‐year daily groundwater level time series at 157 sites in unconfined alluvial aquifers in Southern Germany. Models of HDCs were physically plausible and showed that physiographic and climatic controls on groundwater level fluctuations are nonlinear and dynamic, varying in significance from “wet” to “dry” aquifer conditions. XGB yielded a significantly higher predictive skill than nearest neighbor and MLR. However, donor site selection is of key importance. The study presents a novel approach for regionalization and infilling of groundwater level time series that also aids conceptual understanding of controls on groundwater dynamics, both central tasks for water resources managers.