bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pragmatism, Factor Analysis, and the Conditional Incompatibility Thesis in Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Hathcoat John D. , Meixner Cara
Published: December 2015

This article advances the conditional incompatibility thesis, which when left unaddressed, poses challenges to the pragmatic maxim as a guiding framework for mixed methods research. The conditional incompatibility thesis stands in opposition to two claims, the first pertaining to the position that incompatibility can be avoided by adherence to a “whatever-works” maxim. Also questioned is the claim that quantitative and qualitative data are inherently incompatible. Arguing that there are conditions under which incompatibility occurs, we illustrate within the context of latent variable modeling how particular techniques, methods, and/or decisions fail to be philosophically neutral. Offered are methods through which researchers can be more mindful of, and thus transparent about, the influence of philosophical perspectives in their work.
Pictorial Narrative Mapping as a Qualitative Analytic Technique
Authors: Lapum Jennifer L. , Liu Linda , Hume Sarah , Wang Siyuan , Nguyen Megan , Harding Bailey , Church Kathryn , Cohen Gideon , Yau Terrence M.
Published: December 2015

Qualitative analysis is often a textual undertaking. However, it can be helpful to think about and represent study phenomena or narrative accounts in nontextual ways. In this article, we share our unique and artistic process in developing and employing pictorial narrative mapping as a qualitative analytic technique. We recast a nontextual, artistic–analytic technique by combining elements related to narrative mapping and narrative art. This technique involves aesthetic attunement to data and visual representation through pictorial design. We advanced this technique in the context of a narrative study about how arts-informed dissemination methods influence health-care practitioners’ delivery of care. We found that the Pictorial Narrative Mapping process prompted an aesthetic and imaginative experience in the analytic process of qualitative inquiry. As an analytic technique, Pictorial Narrative Mapping extends the inquiry process and enhances rigor through artistic means as well as iterative and critical dialogue. Additionally, pictorial narrative maps can provide a holistic account of the phenomenon under study and assist researchers to make meaning of nuances within complex narratives. As researchers consider employing Pictorial Narrative Mapping, we recommend that they draw upon this technique as a malleable script yielding to an organic process that emerges from both their own data and analytic discussions. We are further curious about its imaginative capacities in social and health science literature, its possibilities in other disciplinary contexts, and the prospects of what Maxine Greene refers to as becoming more wide awake—in our case, in future research analytic endeavors.
Lithium-ion battery remaining useful life prediction based on grey support vector machines
Authors: Li Xiaogang , Miao Jieqiong , Ye Jianhua
Published: December 2015

In this article, an improved grey prediction model is proposed to address low-accuracy prediction issue of grey forecasting model. The first step is using a trigonometric function to transform the original data sequence to smooth the data, which is called smoothness of grey prediction model, and then a grey support vector machine model by integrating the improved grey model with support vector machine is introduced. At the initial stage of the model, trigonometric functions and accumulation generation operation can be used to preprocess the data, which enhances the smoothness of the data and reduces the associated randomness. In addition, support vector machine is implemented to establish a prediction model for the pre-processed data and select the optimal model parameters via genetic algorithms. Finally, the data are restored through the ‘regressive generate’ operation to obtain the forecasting data. To prove that the grey support vector machine model is superior to the other models, the battery life data from the Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering are selected, and the presented model is used to predict the remaining useful life of the battery. The predicted result is compared to that of grey model and support vector machines. For a more intuitive comparison of the three models, this article quantifies the root mean square errors for these three different models in the case of different ratio of training samples and prediction samples. The results show that the effect of grey support vector machine model is optimal, and the corresponding root mean square error is only 3.18%.
The effect of tyre and rider properties on the stability of a bicycle
Authors: Bulsink Vera E , Doria Alberto , van de Belt Dorien , Koopman Bart
Published: December 2015

To work towards an advanced model of the bicycle-rider-environment system, an open-loop bicycle-rider model was developed in the commercial multibody dynamics software ADAMS. The main contribution of this article to bicycle dynamics is the analysis of tyre and rider properties that influence bicycle stability. A system identification method is used to extract linear stability properties from time domain analysis. The weave and capsize eigenmodes of the bicycle-rider system are analysed. The effect of tyre properties is studied using the tyre’s forces and torques that have been measured in several operating conditions. The main result is that extending simplified models with a realistic tyre model leads to a notable decrease in the weave stability and a stabilization of the capsize mode. This effect is mainly caused by the twisting torque. Different tyres and tyre inflation pressures have little effect on the bicycle’s stability, in the case of riding straight at a constant forward speed. On the other hand, the tyre load does have a large effect on bicycle stability. The sensitivity study of rider properties shows that body stiffness and damping have a small effect on the weave and capsize mode, whereas arm stiffness destabilizes the capsize mode and arm damping destabilizes the weave mode.
Natural convection in polygonal enclosures with inner circular cylinder
Authors: Saleh Habibis , Alsabery Ammar I , Hashim Ishak
Published: December 2015

This study investigates the natural convection induced by a temperature difference between cold outer polygonal enclosure and hot inner circular cylinder. The governing equations are solved numerically using built-in finite element method of COMSOL. The governing parameters considered are the number of polygonal sides, aspect ratio, radiation parameter, and Rayleigh number. We found that the number of contra-rotative cells depended on polygonal shapes. The convection heat transfer becomes constant at [Formula: see text] and the polygonal shapes are no longer sensitive to the Nusselt number profile.
An effective co-evolutionary quantum genetic algorithm for the no-wait flow shop scheduling problem
Authors: Deng Guanlong , Wei Ming , Su Qingtang , Zhao Mei
Published: December 2015

This article proposes a competitive co-evolutionary quantum genetic algorithm for the no-wait flow shop scheduling problem with the criterion to minimize makespan, which is a renowned NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. An innovative coding and decoding mechanism is proposed. The mechanism uses square matrix to represent the quantum individual and adapts the quantum rotation gate to update the quantum individual. In the algorithm framework, the store-with-diversity is proposed to maintain the diversity of the population. Moreover, a competitive co-evolution strategy is introduced to enhance the evolutionary pressure and accelerate the convergence. The store-with-diversity and competitive co-evolution are designed to keep a balance between exploration and exploitation. Simulations based on a benchmark set and comparisons with several existing algorithms demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
Research on the response improvement of optical actuation based on lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramics
Authors: Wang Xinjie , Huang Jiahan , Tang Yujuan
Published: December 2015

Lead lanthanum zirconate titanate actuators taken as one type of photo-deformable actuators have been widely applied for micro-driven systems and active vibration control of photostrictive laminated flexible structures. However, the slow response of photodeformation of single patch lead lanthanum zirconate titanate actuator greatly affects its application. In this article, the main factors for the slow response of the lead lanthanum zirconate titanate actuator are investigated using experimental method. The increasing temperature during light on state and the residual photovoltage and photodeformation during light off state are considered as dominant factors causing the slow response of the lead lanthanum zirconate titanate actuator. To gain a better driving capability of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate actuator, some effective solutions through weakening the effect of increasing temperature and eliminating residual photovoltage and photodeformation are proposed and experimentally validated in this article. Considering the effective solutions proposed in this article, a novel optical driving mechanism based on multi-patches combination is proposed.
Real-time pedestrian detection with the videos of car camera
Authors: Zhang Yunling , Wang Guofeng , Gu Xingfa , Zhang Shaoming , Hu Jianping
Published: December 2015

Pedestrians in the vehicle path are in danger of being hit, thus causing severe injury to pedestrians and vehicle occupants. Therefore, real-time pedestrian detection with the video of vehicle-mounted camera is of great significance to vehicle–pedestrian collision warning and traffic safety of self-driving car. In this article, a real-time scheme was proposed based on integral channel features and graphics processing unit. The proposed method does not need to resize the input image. Moreover, the computationally expensive convolution of the detectors and the input image was converted into the dot product of two larger matrixes, which can be computed effectively using a graphics processing unit. The experiments showed that the proposed method could be employed to detect pedestrians in the video of car camera at 20+ frames per second with acceptable error rates. Thus, it can be applied in real-time detection tasks with the videos of car camera.
Design and optimization of a novel throttling-inside-piston multi-stage hydraulic cylinder
Authors: Wang Xingjian , Wang Shaoping , Jiang Zhigen
Published: December 2015

In order to improve the performance of multi-stage cylinder to achieve rapid and steady extension, a novel throttling-inside-piston multi-stage hydraulic cylinder is proposed without changing physical size and piston working strokes of the traditional sequential multi-stage hydraulic cylinder. Based on internal structure optimal design and basic size parameter calculation, the mathematical model of the proposed throttling-inside-piston multi-stage hydraulic cylinder is studied using multi-rigid-body and impact-recovery dynamic theory. Then, the diameters of the orifices within the pistons are optimized using constraint optimization technique. Comparative simulation results show that the new type of throttling-inside-piston multi-stage hydraulic cylinder can significantly enhance the rapidity and steadiness for the erecting system.
Thruster fault identification method for autonomous underwater vehicle using peak region energy and least square grey relational grade
Authors: Zhang Mingjun , Yin Baoji , Liu Xing , Guo Jia
Published: December 2015

A novel thruster fault identification method for autonomous underwater vehicle is presented in this article. It uses the proposed peak region energy method to extract fault feature and uses the proposed least square grey relational grade method to estimate fault degree. The peak region energy method is developed from fusion feature modulus maximum method. It applies the fusion feature modulus maximum method to get fusion feature and then regards the maximum of peak region energy in the convolution operation results of fusion feature as fault feature. The least square grey relational grade method is developed from grey relational analysis algorithm. It determines the fault degree interval by the grey relational analysis algorithm and then estimates fault degree in the interval by least square algorithm. Pool experiments of the experimental prototype are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The experimental results show that the fault feature extracted by the peak region energy method is monotonic to fault degree while the one extracted by the fusion feature modulus maximum method is not. The least square grey relational grade method can further get an estimation result between adjacent standard fault degrees while the estimation result of the grey relational analysis algorithm is just one of the standard fault degrees.
Arg194–Arg399 haplotype of XRCC1 gene is susceptible to lung cancer in the Han population
Authors: Chen Qing-Quan , Dong Feng , Chen Min , Gao Feng , Liu Qi-Cai
Published: December 2015

Objective:

Lung cancer is still one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers all over the world, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between two well-characterized non-synonymous polymorphisms (Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln) in X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 ( XRCC1) gene and the risk of lung carcinoma in the Han population.

Methods:

This study was hospital-based in design and included 159 participants (63 patients with lung carcinoma and 96 cancer-free controls) of Chinese Han descent. Genomic DNA from blood samples was extracted for PCR studies, followed by direct sequencing to determine the variants of the XRCC1 gene.

Results:

Carriers with Arg194–Arg399 haplotype of XRCC1 gene conferred a 189.3% increased risk compared to the non-carriers (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.195–2.998; P = 0.006). And single-locus analysis (both allele and genotype distributions of polymorphism Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln) identified neither association with cancer risk nor with clinico-pathological parameters of lung carcinoma in the Han population.

Conclusions:

Arg194–Arg399 haplotype of XRCC1 gene might increase lung cancer susceptibility and serve as a risk factor for lung cancer in the Han population.
A comprehensive bioinformatics method to screen key genes for severe burn
Authors: Nong Qingwen , Li Shuntang , Liu Daen
Published: December 2015

Severe burn is a kind of traumatic injury, which can lead to serious financial burden, high morbidity and mortality following inflammatory response and complications. Microarray analysis has emerged as a popular tool for generating gene expression data and revealing the complex gene expression patterns. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository at the National Center for Biotechnology Information has become the leading public repository of microarray data. This study aimed to study the mechanisms of severe burn. Microarray of GSE37069 was downloaded from GEO including blood samples from 244 severe burn patients and blood samples from 35 healthy controls. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between blood samples from healthy controls and patients were identified by t-test in the LIMMA package of R. Their interaction relationships were searched using STRING online software and then protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by Cytoscape. Using DAVID online tool, underlying functions of the DEGs involved in the PPI network were analyzed by functional and pathway enrichment analyses. We screened 541 DEGs in blood samples from severe burns patients compared with blood samples from healthy controls. Meanwhile, DEGs including MMP9, TIMP1, GZMK, GZMA, and GZMB showed higher degrees in the PPI networks. Moreover, they may function in severe burn through interacting with others. According to functional enrichment analysis, these DEGs were mainly involved in BP categories associated with inflammatory responses. MMP9, TIMP1, HGF, GZMA, GZMB, and GZMK might play important roles in severe burns.
Mass media: Playground of stereotyping
Authors: Boden Jeanne
Published: December 2015

China’s position in the world has grown, but reliable information about China and reporting on China is often problematic due to reasons both from European and Chinese side. This leads to speculation, creation of wrong perceptions, the situation where journalists and writers copy each other. Before turning to issues at stake in the practice of mass media reporting about China in the West, this article considers the historical background, namely the postcolonial context, the schools of thought of Eurocentrism, Sinocentrism, Orientalism and Occidentalism. It also contemplates the information flow in China and in Europe respectively, as it takes place in different cultural, social and political contexts. Against this background, this article looks into issues in the practice of media reporting and the production of journalistic texts about China in Europe, such as news selection and news value, journalists and writers, language issues and presentation and representation of China in mass media in the West.
Histological assessment of the triangular fibrocartilage complex
Authors: Semisch M. , Hagert E. , Garcia-Elias M. , Lluch A. , Rein S.
Published: December 2015

The morphological structure of the seven components of triangular fibrocartilage complexes of 11 cadaver wrists of elderly people was assessed microscopically, after staining with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Elastica van Gieson. The articular disc consisted of tight interlaced fibrocartilage without blood vessels except in its ulnar part. Volar and dorsal radioulnar ligaments showed densely parallel collagen bundles. The subsheath of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle, the ulnotriquetral and ulnolunate ligament showed mainly mixed tight and loose parallel tissue. The ulnolunate ligament contained tighter parallel collagen bundles and clearly less elastic fibres than the ulnotriquetral ligament. The ulnocarpal meniscoid had an irregular morphological composition and loose connective tissue predominated. The structure of the articular disc indicates a buffering function. The tight structure of radioulnar and ulnolunate ligaments reflects a central stabilizing role, whereas the ulnotriquetral ligament and ulnocarpal meniscoid have less stabilizing functions.
Inter- and intra-tester reliability of sensibility testing in digital nerve repair
Authors: Bulut T. , Akgun U. , Ozcan C. , Unver B. , Sener M.
Published: December 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the inter- and intra-tester reliability of the static two-point discrimination and Semmes–Weinstein monofilament tests in digital nerve repair. A total of 100 digital nerves from 67 patients were included into the study. An experienced orthopaedic surgeon and a physiotherapist examined the sensory nerve recovery. The reproducibility score of both tests was at a poor level, but the reliability of the Semmes–Weinstein monofilament test was higher than the static two-point discrimination test. These tests should not be used alone in the quantitative monitoring of sensory recovery, but should be interpreted with the clinical findings.

Level 3 non-randomized controlled study.
Listeriosis Phytotherapy
Authors: Rafieian-Kopaei Mahmoud , Saki Kourosh , Bahmani Mahmoud , Ghafourian Sobhan , Sadeghifard Nourkhoda , Taherikalani Morovat
Published: December 2015

Listeria monocytogenes can be found in many processed foods, raw milk, dairy products, meat and meat products such as sausages, beef and fish products, seafoods, eggs, fruits, and vegetables such as radish and cabbage. This article is a review study on the Iranian medicinal plants applied for treatment of listeriosis. Information of this review article was obtained by searching various key words such as Listeria monocytogenes, medicinal plants, plant extracts and essential oils among scientific articles published in databases of Google scholar, ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, SID and Magiran. Thyme, German chamomile, great chamomile, yarrow, onion, oregano, nutmeg, sage, sagebrush, hyssop, rosemary, St John’s wort, safflower, ajowan, cumin, peppermint, shallot, anise, and parsnip are known antilisteriosis medicinal plants. Bioactive phytochemicals, antioxidants and monoterpenes, sesquiterpene, coumarin, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids are the main ingredients of antilisteriosis medicinal plants.
Asian National Adolescent Gambling Surveys: Methodological Issues, Protocols and Advice
Authors: Griffiths Mark D.
Published: December 2015

This paper provides practical information for researchers in Asia as an aid to develop the methodology for national studies of adolescent gambling and gaming behavior. The paper covers various areas including: (i) optimal study parameters; (ii) age of sample; (iii) time-frame; (iv) number of participants; (v) sampling approach; (vi) questionnaire topics; (vii) paper-based questionnaires versus online questionnaires; (viii) risks and challenges; (ix) practical advice on carrying out a national adolescent gambling survey; (x) obtaining schools’ agreement to participate; (xi) setting up the self-completion sessions; (xii) conducting the self-completion sessions; and (xiii) incentives. It is hoped that the somewhat prescriptive advice will aid the gathering of good quality data from adolescent Asian gamblers and help research teams develop robust and strategic research protocols during all stages of the research process.
Vietnamese Australian Gamblers’ Views on Luck and Winning: Universal Versus Culture-specific Schemas
Authors: Ohtsuka Keis , Ohtsuka Thai
Published: December 2015

This article examines Vietnamese Australian gamblers’ views on luck and winning to explore their subjective perspectives. Illusion of control beliefs have been identified as a predictor of gambling frequency and a risk factor for problem gambling. Culture-specific beliefs regarding luck and winning may further strengthen universal illusion of control beliefs. Twenty-one Vietnamese-Australian gamblers were interviewed with regard to their subjective views of luck and winning at gambling. It was hypothesized that regular gamblers would hold substantial illusion of control beliefs, that culture-specific schemas would be present in their beliefs about gambling outcomes, and that universal schemas commonly found in gamblers from other cultural backgrounds would also be present. The results indicated that Vietnamese Australian gamblers held both universal illusion of control beliefs and some culture-specific beliefs. The implications of culture-specific schemas in reinforcing illusion of control beliefs are discussed.
Stress, Health and Coping Resources of Chinese Pathological Gamblers’ Spouses
Authors: Leung Kai Chung , Wong Irene Lai Kuen , Lau Kam Mei , Yeung Sau Ching
Published: December 2015

Excessive gambling negatively impacts the lives of gamblers’ spouses. This study investigated stressful life events, perceived stress, coping resources and health risks of 10 spouses recruited from two treatment facilities. In semi-structured interviews, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale identified life events encountered in the past year. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire assessed psychiatric impairment of the participants who also answered questions on physical symptoms and emotional problems. Open-ended questions gathered information on coping resources. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed for thematic analysis. Replicating previous research results, the spouses disclosed marital, social, financial and vocational stresses related to gamblers’ disordered gambling. The majority utilized both formal and informal help, internal and external coping resources to deal with the adverse circumstances. Many reported significant symptoms of physical, emotional and mental health problems. Perceived stress, but not the number of negative life events, correlated significantly with physical and psychiatric symptoms. Only positive beliefs as a type of coping resources were inversely correlated with pathology. The study findings have implications for interventions and future research.
Gambling in Asian Communities in Great Britain
Authors: Forrest David , Wardle Heather
Published: December 2015

This paper examines the prevalence of gambling and problem gambling among people of Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi cultural backgrounds living in Great Britain. Information was gathered from the last two versions of a large-scale national adult prevalence survey and a similar survey of children aged 11 to 15 years, all conducted since 2007. Together, the surveys yielded sub-samples of 589 Asian adults and 482 Asian children from a combined total of more than 16,000 adults and nearly 9,000 children. In both adult and child Asian populations, the 7-day participation rate in gambling (22% and 13%, respectively) was found to be low relative to that in the white majority community, yet problem gambling prevalence, measured by the adult Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition screen (1.4%) and its juvenile equivalent (2.9%), was significantly higher, including among women. It therefore follows that those Asians who do gamble are unusually prone to experiencing problems, which has implications for public health policies such as the provision of information and help in minority languages. The relevance of the findings seems likely to extend to other countries with significantly sized Asian communities.
Responsible Gambling Policies and Practices in Macao: A Critical Review
Authors: Huang Gui-Hai
Published: December 2015

Gambling has been a legalized industry in Macao since 1847 and it is now the largest casino city in the world in terms of gross gaming revenue. However, no governmental efforts to control gambling-related harms were made until the Resilience Centre was set up in 2005. Based on a literature review and data gathered from field studies, this paper documents what has been undertaken by government, casino operators, gambling treatment and social service professionals, gambling researchers and academia to promote responsible gambling. Macao’s efforts to promote responsible gambling include public awareness for different communities, free treatment services for residents, as well as tourists who seek help, and also research. Although responsible gambling practices are new to Macao, and sound governance on responsible gambling policies has yet to be developed, the Macao government has announced its intention to enforce responsible gambling as an integral part of gaming policies. It is hoped that Macao will further improve responsible gambling practices under the leadership of local government.
Gambling Addiction in Asia: Need for a Medical Perspective?
Authors: Chim David
Published: December 2015

With the rise of legalized gambling in Macau, Singapore, and other Asian countries, pathological gambling should be more thoroughly discussed by clinical and research professionals in the Asia-Pacific region. Holistic strategies for proper diagnosis, treatment referrals and prevention need to be planned in anticipation of further pro-gambling legislation. Evidence for gambling addiction as a medical condition has been gathered in the West, and studying this social issue via a medical perspective in the East may be useful in the future. Counselors and other professionals working at the frontlines may consider incorporating the medical perspective into their evaluations of pathological gamblers, and collaborating with physicians to provide medical management when appropriate. Such a biopsychosocial approach to pathological gambling may be fruitful in terms of better treatment availability, more holistic care, and decreased stigma for pathological gamblers. Training opportunities for counselors and other professionals should be increased in the Asia-Pacific region for better understanding of gambling addiction as a bio-psychosocial disease.
PI3K regulates endocytosis after insulin secretion by mediating signaling crosstalk between Arf6 and Rab27a
Authors: Yamaoka Mami , Ando Tomomi , Terabayashi Takeshi , Okamoto Mitsuhiro , Takei Masahiro , Nishioka Tomoki , Kaibuchi Kozo , Matsunaga Kohichi , Ishizaki Ray , Izumi Tetsuro , Niki Ichiro , Ishizaki Toshimasa , Kimura Toshihide
Published: December 2015

In secretory cells, endocytosis is coupled to exocytosis to enable proper secretion. Although endocytosis is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis before and after secretion, knowledge about secretagogue-induced endocytosis in secretory cells is still limited. Here, we searched for proteins that interacted with the Rab27a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) EPI64 (also known as TBC1D10A) and identified the Arf6 guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) ARNO (also known as CYTH2) in pancreatic β-cells. We found that the insulin secretagogue glucose promotes phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) generation through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), thereby recruiting ARNO to the intracellular side of the plasma membrane. Peripheral ARNO promotes clathrin assembly through its GEF activity for Arf6 and regulates the early stage of endocytosis. We also found that peripheral ARNO recruits EPI64 to the same area and that the interaction requires glucose-induced endocytosis in pancreatic β-cells. Given that GTP- and GDP-bound Rab27a regulate exocytosis and the late stage of endocytosis, our results indicate that the glucose-induced activation of PI3K plays a pivotal role in exocytosis–endocytosis coupling, and that ARNO and EPI64 regulate endocytosis at distinct stages.
Salt sensitivity of the morphometry of Artemia franciscana during development: A demonstration of 3-D critical windows
Authors: Mueller Casey A. , Willis Eric , Burggren Warren W.
Published: December 2015

A 3-D conceptual framework of “critical windows” was used to examine if morphometry of Artemia franciscana is altered by salinity exposure during certain key periods of development. A. franciscana were hatched at 20 ppt (designated control salinity) and were then exposed to 10, 30, 40 or 50 ppt either chronically (day 1-15) or only on days 1-6, 7-9, 10-12 or 13-15. On day 15, maturity was assessed and morphometric characteristics, including mass, total body length, tail length and width, length of the third swimming appendage and eye diameter, were measured. Maturation and morphometry on day 15 were influenced by exposure window and salinity dose. A. franciscana were generally larger following exposure to 10 and 40 ppt during day 1-6 and 7-9 when compared to day 10-12 and 13-15, in part due to a higher percentage of mature individuals. Exposure to different salinities on day 1-6 produced the greatest differences in morphometry, and thus day 1-6 appears to be a period in development when A. franciscana is particularly sensitive to salinity. Viewing the developmental window as three-dimensional allowed more effective visualization of the complex interactions between exposure window, stressor dose and the magnitude of morphometric changes in A. franciscana.
The role of human ankle plantar flexor muscle-tendon interaction & architecture in maximal vertical jumping examinedin vivo
Authors: Farris Dominic James , Lichtwark Glen A. , Brown Nicholas A. T. , Cresswell Andrew G.
Published: December 2015

Humans utilise elastic tendons of lower limb muscles to store and return energy during walking, running and jumping. Anuran and insect species use skeletal structures and/or dynamics in conjunction with similarly compliant structures to amplify muscle power output during jumping. We sought to examine if human jumpers use similar mechanisms to aid elastic energy usage in the plantar flexor muscles during maximal vertical jumping. Ten male athletes performed maximal vertical squat jumps. Three-dimensional motion capture and a musculoskeletal model were used to determine lower limb kinematics that were combined with ground reaction force data in an inverse dynamics analysis. B-mode ultrasound imaging of the lateral gastrocnemius (GAS) and soleus (SOL) muscles was used to measure muscle fascicle lengths and pennation angles during jumping. Our results highlighted that both GAS and SOL utilised stretch and recoil of their series elastic elements (SEE) in a catapult-like fashion, which likely serves to maximise ankle joint power. The resistance of supporting of body weight allowed initial stretch of both GAS and SOL SEE's. A proximal-to-distal sequence of joint moments and decreasing effective mechanical advantage (EMA) early in the extension phase of the jumping movement were observed. This facilitated a further stretch of the SEE of the biarticular GAS and delayed recoil of the SOL SEE. However, EMA did not increase late in the jump to aid recoil of elastic tissues.
Metabolite profiling of symbiont and host during thermal stress and bleaching in a model cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis
Authors: Hillyer Katie E. , Tumanov Sergey , Villas-Bôas Silas , Davy Simon K.
Published: December 2015

Bleaching (dinoflagellate symbiont loss) is one of the greatest threats facing coral reefs. The functional cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis, which forms coral reefs, is based on the bi-directional exchange of nutrients. During thermal stress this exchange breaks down, however major gaps remain in our understanding of the roles of free metabolite pools in symbiosis and homeostasis. In this study we applied gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to explore thermally induced changes in intracellular pools of amino and non-amino organic acids in each partner of the model sea anemone Aiptasia sp. and its dinoflagellate symbiont.

Elevated temperatures (32°C for 6 d) resulted in symbiont photoinhibition and bleaching. Thermal stress induced distinct changes in the metabolite profiles of both partners, associated with alterations to central metabolism, oxidative state, cell structure, biosynthesis and signalling. Principally, we detected elevated pools of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the symbiont, indicative of modifications to lipogenesis/lysis, membrane structure and nitrogen assimilation. In contrast, reductions of multiple PUFAs were detected in host pools, indicative of increased metabolism, peroxidation and/or reduced translocation of these groups. Accumulations of glycolysis intermediates were also observed in both partners, associated with photoinhibition and downstream reductions in carbohydrate metabolism. Correspondingly, we detected accumulations of amino acids and intermediate groups in both partners, with roles in gluconeogenesis and acclimation responses to oxidative stress.

These data further our understanding of cellular responses to thermal stress in the symbiosis and generates hypotheses relating to the secondary roles of a number of compounds in homeostasis and heat stress resistance.
Friends with benefits: the role of huddling in mixed groups of torpid and normothermic animals
Authors: Nowack Julia , Geiser Fritz
Published: December 2015

Huddling and torpor are widely used for minimizing heat loss by mammals. Despite the questionable energetic benefits from social heterothermy of mixed groups of warm normothermic and cold torpid individuals, the heterothermic Australian marsupial sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) rests in such groups during the cold season. To unravel why they might do so, we examined torpor expression of two sugar glider groups of four individuals each in outside enclosures during winter. We observed 79 torpor bouts during 50 days of observation and found that torpor bouts were longer and deeper when all individuals of a group entered torpor together and therefore infer that they would have saved more energy in comparison to short and shallow solitary torpor bouts. However, all gliders of either group only expressed torpor uniformly in response to food restriction, whereas on most occasions at least one individual per group remained normothermic. On the other hand, the presence of warm gliders in mixed groups also appears to be of energetic advantage for torpid individuals, because nest box temperature was negatively correlated with the number of torpid gliders and normothermic individuals kept the nest temperature at a value closer to the threshold for thermoregulatory heat production during torpor. Our study suggests that mixed groups of torpid and normothermic individuals are observed when environmental conditions are adverse but food is available, leading to intermediate energy savings from torpor. However, under especially challenging conditions and when animals are starving, energy savings are maximized by uniform and pronounced expression of torpor.
Hind limb muscle fibre size and glycogen stores in bank voles with increased aerobic exercise metabolism
Authors: Jaromin Ewa , Wyszkowska Julia , Labecka Anna Maria , Sadowska Edyta Teresa , Koteja Paweł
Published: December 2015

To test hypotheses concerning physiological factors limiting the rate of aerobic exercise metabolism we used a unique experimental evolution model: lines of bank voles selected for high swim-induced aerobic metabolism (A) and unselected, control lines (C). Here we investigated putative adaptations to the increased performance in the hind limb muscle (gastrocnemius joined with plantaris). The body mass-adjusted muscle mass was higher in A- (0.093g) than in C-lines (0.083g; p=0.01). However, the selection did not affect mean muscle fibre cross-section area (p=0.34) or glycogen content assessed with histochemical periodic acid-Schiff reaction (PAS; p=0.81). The results suggest that the increased aerobic performance has been achieved by the increase of total muscle mass, without major qualitative changes in the muscle fibre architecture. However, such a conclusion should be treated with caution, because other modifications, such as increased density of capillaries or mitochondria, could occur.
Representações sociais de familiares de pacientes internados no centro de terapia intensiva sobre saúde e doença
doi: 10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v3i4.164.p202-208.2015
Authors: Vasconcelos Esleane Vilela , Freitas Karina de Oliveira , Bezerra Rosana Santos , Da Silva Sílvio Éder Dias , Araújo Jeferson Santos , Da Cunha Natacha Mariana Farias , Alves Poliana dos Santos , Baia Ronaldo de Sousa Moeira
Published: December 2015

Introdução: O processo saúde e doença representa o conjunto de relações e variáveis que produzem e condicionam o estado de saúde-doença de uma população que se modifica, nos diversos momentos históricos, conforme o desenvolvimento científico da humanidade, sendo uma expressão particular do processo geral da vida de cada meio social. Objetivo: Identificar, analisar e descrever as representações dos familiares de pacientes internados no CTI sobre saúde e doença. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa baseada na Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizada com 40 familiares de pacientes internados no CTI do HUJBB de Belém do Pará, no período de 11 a 29 de novembro de 2014, realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisada pela técnica de análise de conteúdo temático. Resultados: Os depoimentos dos familiares foram sintetizados em dois temas: Saúde e Doença: equilíbrio vital, que evidencia a concepção de exclusão dos conceitos em que, ter saúde é não ter doença; e Saúde e Doença: capacidade e incapacidade; nesta, a saúde é relacionada com a capacidade de se executarem atividades, e a doença, a incapacidade das mesmas. Desta, emergiram duas subunidades, Saúde: expressão positiva do viver e Doença: expressão negativa de viver; nestas, sobressaíram-se sentimentos como bem-estar e alegria no caso da saúde, e tristeza e sofrimento para a doença. Conclusões: Por meio de todo o exposto, foi possível descrever as representações sociais de familiares de pacientes internados no CTI quanto à saúde e à doença, identificando suas percepções e concepções sobre o que é saúde e doença.
Frutos do Cerrado: conhecimento e aceitação de Annona crassiflora Mart. (Araticum) e Eugenia dysenterica Mart. (Cagaita) por crianças utilizando o paladar e a visão
doi: 10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v3i4.168.p224-230.2015
Authors: Arruda Henrique Silvano , Fernandes Regiane Victória de Barros , Botrel Diego Alvarenga , Almeida Martha Elisa Ferreira
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento e a aceitação dos frutos do Cerrado Annona crassiflora Mart. (araticum) e Eugenia dysenterica Mart. (cagaita), por crianças, utilizando o paladar e a visão. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado com 190 crianças com idade entre 7 anos e 9 anos e 11 meses da Escola Estadual Professor José Luiz de Araújo no município de Rio Paranaíba (MG), nos meses de março e novembro de 2012. Para a avaliação utilizando o paladar, as crianças foram direcionadas individualmente a uma sala onde foram vendadas, sendo os frutos oferecidos in natura. Para a avaliação por meio da visão, os frutos foram apresentados em sua forma íntegra. As respostas foram analisadas utilizando o Teste Qui-Quadrado, com 5% de significância. Resultados: Com relação à identificação dos frutos, a porcentagem de acerto foi de apenas 1,58% (tanto paladar quanto visão) para o araticum, e de 14,39% (paladar) e 13,67% (visão) para a cagaita. O número de crianças que relatou nunca ter experimento estes frutos anteriormente foi maior (p<0,05) que aqueles que já os provaram. A aceitação da cagaita por ambos os gêneros foi superior (p<0,05) à rejeição, enquanto que o araticum foi mais rejeitado pelos meninos. Não houve diferença (p>0,05) quanto à apreciação/depreciação do araticum por ambos os sentidos, exceto para os meninos que depreciaram este fruto visualmente, já a cagaita apresentou apreciação superior (p<0,05) à depreciação tanto por meio do paladar quanto da visão. Conclusão: A maioria das crianças apresentou um baixo conhecimento sobre ambos os frutos, pois não os haviam experimentado anteriormente; no entanto, foram bem aceitos sensorialmente.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with sepsis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia
doi: 10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v3i4.169.p242-244.2015
Authors: Pereira Márcio da Silva , Sarubbi Gabriel Dantas , Rodrigues Renan Barbosa , Fontenele Maria Rafaelle Lourenço , Queiroz Lemos Daniele Rocha
Published: December 2015

The authors describe a case report of a 71 year-old female patient admitted at the emergency service due to severe precordial chest pain associated with dyspnea and sweating. The electrocardiogram performed on admission showed ST elevation on V2 and V3 leads and the ventriculography revealed left ventricular apical ballooning, denoting the diagnosis of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. At the eighth day of hospitalization, although the heart function was recovered, the patient died due the clinical complications of a septic shock.
Avaliação do acesso aos serviços de atenção primária à saúde em um município do nordeste brasileiro
doi: 10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v3i4.179.p209-217.2015
Authors: Carneiro Maria do Socorro Melo , Da Silva Marcelo Gurgel Carlos , Maia Pinto Francisco José , Napoleão Albuquerque Izabelle Mont’Alvernne , Santos Francisco Diogenes
Published: December 2015

Introdução: A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) deve configurar-se como principal porta de entrada do sistema de saúde e, por isso, a avaliação de seu acesso é necessária. O Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool) é um método de avaliação dos atributos da APS. Objetivo: avaliar o acesso aos serviços da APS em um município de médio porte do Nordeste brasileiro, mediante a aplicação do PCATool. Métodos: Realizada de agosto de 2010 a janeiro de 2012, envolveu os Centros de Saúde da Família (CSF) da sede e distritos. Participaram 98 profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família e 607 usuários. Na tabulação dos dados, utilizou-se o Excel e o aplicativo para as análises estatísticas foi o SPSS 19.0. Resultados: Verificou-se grande utilização do CSF pelos usuários, sobretudo nos distritos, principalmente por este ser o único equipamento de saúde local. A APS tem funcionado como serviço de primeiro contato para acesso aos serviços especializados. A acessibilidade não foi bem avaliada pelos usuários, implicando a necessidade de serem ofertados horários e dias alternativos de funcionamento dos CSF. Percebeu-se facilidade na marcação de consultas. Conclusão: A pesquisa mostrou melhores resultados nos CSF dos distritos e que os profissionais avaliam positivamente sua assistência, opinião diferente dos usuários.
Territórios de saúde, espaços públicos georreferenciados e as condições de vida na Equipe de Saúde da Família de Iguaçu, em Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brasil
doi: 10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v3i4.184.p231-241.2015
Authors: Perehouskei Nestor Alexandre , Silva Rodrigo Andrade da , Oliveira Tatiane Duarte Silva , Santos Jeater Waldemar Maciel  Correa , Mendes Simone de Oliveira
Published: December 2015

O presente estudo pretende, a partir de discussões sobre uma questão local, avaliar dados de níveis de vida, coletados pelas Equipes Saúde da Família (ESF), bem como identificar com a técnica do mapeamento digital, os espaços públicos urbanos inseridos nos territórios de saúde, que possam cumprir função social de apoio aos tratamentos preventivos em saúde. Com os resultados apresentados, verificou-se que as principais doenças ocorridas no período de 2010 a 2014, estão relacionadas a problemas circulatórios e respiratórios, que pressupõem em seus acompanhamentos a prática de atividades físicas. Locais como praças, parques, áreas verdes ou jardins públicos poderiam ser utilizados para facilitar esta prática. É curioso observar que, em geral, o arranjo espacial existente nas pequenas e médias cidades do Brasil, como é o caso de Rondonópolis, estabelece a localização desses equipamentos, principalmente, em áreas centrais da cidade, ficando as áreas periféricas, onde costumeiramente se localizam os serviços de saúde, desprovidas de espaços públicos estruturados livres. Nesta ótica, um primeiro esforço de manutenção desses espaços encontra-se na adoção de alguns locais, como praças, por empresários e lideranças de bairro que buscam, a partir do esforço coletivo das comunidades, manter a qualidade ambiental dos equipamentos urbanos
Reversão da osteoporose: uma realidade possível?
doi: 10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v3i4.191.p245-248.2015
Authors: Almeida Martha Elisa Ferreira , Tagliassachi Paula Moreira , Tavares Roberta Ornellas , Lujan Dagnith Liz Bejarano
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: Demostrar os efeitos de vários tratamentos sobre a densidade mineral óssea. Métodos: Foram avaliados os tratamentos para a osteoporose numa paciente, bem como sua densidade mineral óssea. Relato do Caso e Discussão: Após o diagnóstico da osteoporose houve mudanças em relação à dieta, ao uso de medicamentos e suplementos (cálcio e vitamina D), e à prática da atividade física. Durante nove anos houve um aumento da densidade mineral óssea do fêmur que permitiu mudar a classificação de osteopenia para normalidade e das vértebras mudou de osteoporose para osteopenia. Conclusão: A osteoporose pode ser revertida, a longo prazo, utilizando-se vários tratamentos.