bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediterra 2016 : Zéro gaspillage en Méditerranée
Authors: Capone Roberto , Bennett Anthony , Debs Philipp , Bucatariu Camelia Adriana , El Bilali Hamid , Smolak Jennifer , Lee Warren T. K. , Bottalico Francesco , Diei-Ouadi Yvette , Toppe Jogeir
Published: March 2021

Résumé Face aux menaces qui pèsent sur la sécurité alimentaire et à la raréfaction croissante des ressources, la question des pertes et des gaspillages alimentaires (PGA) est devenue très importante pour l’agenda international, en raison de leurs profondes implications sociales, économiques et environnementales. Les PGA étant particulièrement préoccupants pour la région méditerranéenne, leur réduction est largement reconnue comme un levier essentiel pour relever les défis de durabilité, insécurité alimentaire, changement climatique et pénurie d’eau. Ce chapitre se concentre sur les liens qu’ils entretiennent avec le développement durable, la sécurité alimentaire, la nutrition et les systèmes alimentaires durables, tout en soulignant leurs impacts économiques et environnementaux. L’énumération de leurs principales causes et la description de leur ampleur permettent de conduire une analyse comparative des pertes alimentaires de différents produits. L’évocation des opportunités et des défis qu’impliquent leur réduction et leur prévention en Méditerranée offre un aperçu du cadre juridique et de l’environnement institutionnel à construire. Une action coordonnée et une approche systémique et holistique, favorisées par une politique globale qui traite efficacement la question des PGA, sont nécessaires. L’organisation et la gouvernance au sein de la chaîne agroalimentaire doivent également être améliorées. À ce titre, le CIHEAM et la FAO ont un rôle crucial à jouer pour l’harmonisation et la coordination des initiatives régionales.
L'Année de la régulation n° 5 (2001-2002)
Authors: Lallement Michel , Mériaux Olivier
Published: March 2021

La controverse ouverte par les lois Aubry et l'initiative patronale de « refondation sociale » a réactivé un débat latent en France sur les places respectives du contrat et de la loi dans le champ du travail, de l'emploi et de la protection sociale. Pour les auteurs, l'intérêt majeur de cette controverse doctrinale est de montrer que l'on ne peut aujourd'hui analyser la dynamique des relations professionnelles sans la référer à un mouvement plus général de transformation des modes de gouvernement politique. Mais les équivoques du projet de « Refondation sociale » — et de sa rhétorique opposant la « liberté contractuelle » au « carcan législatif » — apparaissent clairement à la lumière du processus d'institutionnalisation des relations professionnelles françaises et de ses mutations récentes. Opposer la loi au contrat, c'est entretenir le mythe d'une autonomie collective auquel tous les acteurs sociaux sont attachés. Mais c'est aussi nier la réalité complexe des institutions au sein desquelles s'imbriquent et s'hybrident régulations autonomes (le contrat collectif et les instances qui en émanent) et régulations hétéronomes. Et c'est surtout renouer avec une philosophie contractualiste dont Durkheim avait déjà montré, à son époque, qu'elle méconnaissait la logique du droit social.
Santé internationale
Authors: Martini Jessica , Fligg Audrey
Published: March 2021

Le diabète de type 2 apparaît comme un nouveau problème de santé publique au Mali. Comment cette pathologie a-t-elle été appréhendée au niveau des politiques nationales de santé ? Comment s’est organisé l’apprentissage des connaissances autour de cette maladie dans les formations médicales et paramédicales dispensées à Bamako ? Un Plan stratégique de prévention et de lutte contre le diabète a été élaboré par le ministère de la Santé malien, qui manque néanmoins de ressources techniques et financières. Les bailleurs de fonds restent essentiellement focalisés sur les maladies infectieuses et la mobilisation nationale autour du diabète est alimentée surtout par la société civile (associations de patients, ONG, personnes ressources). L’enseignement du diabète dans les formations initiales médicales et paramédicales rencontre plusieurs difficultés. Des formations continues auprès du personnel soignant sont aujourd’hui néanmoins proposées par des organismes internationaux. Aujourd’hui, une intervention publique à large échelle de lutte contre le diabète manque des ressources financières et des données épidémiologiques nécessaires à sa validation et son application. Les autorités nationales sont aussi confrontées à des priorités internationales autres. Dans ce contexte, l’impulsion de la société civile s’avère cruciale, mais elle nécessite un cadre institutionnel. L’apprentissage des connaissances autour du diabète, par les étudiants et les professionnels de santé, nécessite également d’être amélioré.
Santé internationale
Authors: Sauneron Sarah
Published: March 2021

La crise des ressources humaines du secteur de la santé dans les pays en voie de développement est un phénomène multifactoriel. La migration des médecins africains vers les pays développés constitue ainsi une partie de ce problème et se retrouve au premier rang des préoccupations des décideurs politiques. En effet, si aucune mesure d’envergure n’est prise dès maintenant pour renforcer les ressources en personnel soignant, les futurs investissements en santé de la communauté internationale n’auront que des effets très limités sur la situation sanitaire des populations des pays concernés. Il s’agit ici de décrire l’ampleur du phénomène afin de mieux en expliquer les causes et les conséquences et d’envisager différentes solutions dans l’espoir de stopper cette fuite des cerveaux. Les institutions internationales semblent avoir pris la mesure de l’enjeu : il faut désormais que cela se traduise en actions concrètes.
Santé internationale
Authors: Delga Solenne
Published: March 2021

À l’aube du XXI e siècle, lutter contre la propagation mondiale des maladies infectieuses est un enjeu majeur de sécurité internationale. En 2005, la communauté internationale, consciente du danger que de telles maladies représentent, adopte le Règlement sanitaire international, par le biais de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé. Ce texte a pour vocation de contraindre juridiquement les États signataires afin de rendre cette lutte la plus efficace possible. Qu’en est-il réellement ? La souveraineté nationale traditionnellement inviolable s’incline-t-elle devant le droit à la santé ?
Santé internationale
Authors: Pletschette Michel
Published: March 2021

La contribution scientifique dans le domaine de la recherche en santé révèle l’idée que la fragmentation de la recherche sur les grands problèmes de santé dans les pays en développement est largement due au fait que leur système scientifique s’est développé à l’extérieur des systèmes de santé, privilégiant un modèle académique éclaté. Référence est faite au modèle intégratif développé par Abraham Flexner au début du XX e siècle aux États-Unis.
Les discriminations entre les femmes et les hommes
Authors: Burri Susanne
Published: March 2021

Résumé Le droit de l’Union européenne (UE) influence de plus en plus le droit des États membres tant en matière d’égalité de traitement entre les sexes qu’en matière de conciliation de la vie professionnelle et privée. Plusieurs directives s’appliquent dans ce domaine et doivent être transposées au niveau national. Ce chapitre offre un aperçu de l’approche et des objectifs de l’UE, des initiatives de la Commission européenne, des développements législatifs actuels et d’une partie de la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’UE en la matière. En ce qui concerne les discriminations liées à la grossesse et à la maternité, la Cour a contribué à améliorer la position des femmes. Sa jurisprudence n’a en général pas permis d’avancées significatives pour un partage plus équitable des tâches domestiques et familiales, mais les initiatives législatives de l’UE, même modestes, renforcent les droits des travailleurs. Ainsi, la durée minimale du congé parental est passée de trois à quatre mois, sans que ce congé ne soit rémunéré. Au niveau national, les conditions et les formes de congés varient considérablement d’un État membre à l’autre. Les travailleurs qui y recourent (en majorité des femmes) subissent souvent une baisse de salaire ou une détérioration de leurs conditions de travail, à court comme à long terme. Le développement de nouvelles approches permettant un partage des tâches plus équilibré mériterait une attention particulière, tant au niveau de l’UE qu’au niveau national.
La formation professionnelle comme éducation du regard au travail
Authors: Jobert Guy
Published: March 2021

Cet article examine la place et le rôle du « coup d’œil » dans le travail et son importance dans la compétence professionnelle. Il montre, à partir de chantiers de recherche dans des domaines professionnels différents, comment les perceptions interviennent dans l’action compétente, et comment s’apprend et se développe le « coup d’œil » dans le travail, notamment par les phénomènes mimétiques.
The Rhetoric and Realities of Internet Technologies on Trade Union Marketing
Authors: Stokes Peter John , Jones Brian , Kline Howard
Published: March 2021

The internet and the many technologies it has generated (for example, social media) create varying impacts in specific sectors. Trades unions (TUs) are a case in point and are significant longstanding institutions which have developed over a number of centuries in many different national contexts. While the internet has been adopted by TUs, they have also generally been cast in an idealised light as if the web should automatically be expected to radically transform and improve processes, communities, and relations. The paper challenges this zeitgeist and suggests that the predominant ‘utopian'-style idealistic presentation of TU and the web is the product of technological determinism. This has important implications for TUs ‘lived experiences' and realpolitik. There is a risk that technologies will continue to operate at a macro, rather than a micro individual level, and be more dominated by managerial and commercial motives which encroach on legitimate TU representation and resistance rather than TU interests.
A validation study of early warning system in high-risk pregnant women
Authors: Rathore Asmita Muthal , Meena Sunita Bai , Rani Reena , Goswami Deepti , Tripathi Reva
Published: March 2021

High-risk obstetric patients have chances of deterioration which can be detected by any early warning score. This study was aimed to assess the suitability of the Obstetrics National Early Warning System (ONEWS) for the pregnant women. This prospective study was conducted on 500 high-risk pregnant women attending a tertiary care teaching hospital. The ONEWS charts were plotted for each of them. The primary outcome measure was composite adverse maternal outcome (CAMO) in the form of one or more among mortality, severe maternal morbidity and intensive care unit admissions. Of the 500 women who participated, 200 (40%) had a score ≥3 (triggered an intervention). The CAMO among the triggered group [59.5% (n=119)] was significantly higher compared to that in the non-triggered group [13.3% (n=40) (P=0.001)]. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.800 (95% confidence interval 0.752-0.847). The sensitivity of the ONEWS in predicting CAMO was 74.8 per cent, specificity 76.2 per cent, positive predictive value 59.5 per cent and negative predictive value 86.7 per cent at a cut-off score of 3. ONEWS appears to be a useful tool for predicting adverse maternal outcomes in high-risk pregnant women.
Upsurge of chikungunya cases in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Ozair Ahmad , Khan Danish N. , Prakash Shantanu , Bhagat Amit , Verma Anil , Shukla Suruchi , Jain Amita
Published: March 2021

Background & objectives:

Chikungunya (CHIK) re-emerged in India in 2006 after a gap of three decades. In Uttar Pradesh (UP), <100 confirmed cases per million were reported during this outbreak. Based on an upsurge of CHIK cases at UP, this retrospective study was conducted to investigate clinical and serological profile of CHIK cases in UP.

Methods:

A retrospective study was done on all clinically suspected CHIK cases that had been tested by ELISA for anti-CHIK virus IgM antibodies from September 2012 to December 2017. Based on clinical features, a subset of patients had earlier been tested serologically for dengue and Japanese encephalitis (JE).

Results:

Of the 3240 cases enrolled, 771 (23.8%) were seropositive. Patients had a range of clinical manifestations with seropositivity highest in those exhibiting arthralgia with fever (40%), followed by fever of unknown origin (FUO) (22%), encephalitis (13%) and fever with rash (12%). Cases (total, seropositive) increased over 20-fold in 2016 (1389, 412) and 2017 (1619, 341), compared to 2012-2015. Nearly a third of dengue serology-positive cases and a fifth of JE serology-positive cases were co-positive for CHIKV.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Archival data from 2006-2011 and data from this study (2012-2017) indicated that UP experienced first CHIK outbreak in the decade in 2016, as part of a large-scale upsurge across northern India. CHIK should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with fever of unknown origin or fever with rash or acute encephalitis, in addition to classical arthralgia.
Validation of an indigenous assay for rapid molecular detection of rifampicin resistance in presumptive multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients
Authors: Gomathi N.S. , Singh Manjula , Myneedu V.P. , Chauhan D.S. , Tripathy Srikanth , Sarin Rohit , Mohan Anant , Bhatnagar Anuj , Khangembam Jiten Singh , Kannan T. , Rao M.V.V. , Logani Jyoti , Dey Bindu , Gangakhedkar R.R. , Swaminathan Soumya , Singh Urvashi B.
Published: March 2021

Background & objectives:

There is a need for an affordable, easy, high-sensitivity test usable at the peripheral health facility for diagnosis of drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis (TB) to interrupt disease transmission. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for early detection of DR-TB are ideal to bring testing near to the patient. Truenat™ MTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and Truenat™ MTB-RIF (rifampicin) is an indigenous chip-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based test for detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB. The test involves extraction of DNA using automated, battery operated Trueprep instrument and real-time PCR performed on the Truelab analyzer. We report here multicentric validation of Truenat MTB-RIF for detection of DR-TB in suspected DR-TB patients.

Methods:

Consecutive patients aged 18-65 yr, with symptoms suggestive of TB and with a history of previous treatment, reporting to the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) clinics under four national institutes, namely AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi), NITRD (National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi), NIRT (National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai) and ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, were included in the study. Two sputum samples (one spot and one morning) were collected from each patient, after obtaining informed written consent. The samples were subjected to smear, GeneXpert and MGIT 960 culture (and drug susceptibility testing to RIF) (surrogate for MDR-TB) to serve as reference tests. The samples were coded to ensure blinding and subjected to Truenat MTB-RIF. Truenat MTB-RIF Version 1.5 was used for testing 1084 samples for RIF resistance, while Version 2.0 was used to test another 1201 samples.

Results:

Truenat MTB-RIF Version 1.5 in comparison with comprehensive laboratory reference standards yielded sensitivity and specificity of 76.2 and 94.7 per cent, respectively for the detection of RIF resistance in 1084 samples, collected across four sites. Based on the analysis of discordant samples, Version 2.0 of Truenat was developed by the manufacturer and this was further tested on additional 1201 samples, yielding a sensitivity of 87.5 per cent and specificity of 99.5 per cent.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Multicentric trial of Truenat™ MTB-RIF demonstrated a great potential of this point of care NAAT for detection of MDR-TB. The test would be useful in limited resource settings and inaccessible areas without need for any additional infrastructure.
Indian Council of Medical Research consensus document on hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sirohi Bhawna , Shrikhande Shailesh V. , Gaikwad Vinay , Patel Amol , Patkar Shraddha , Goel Mahesh , Bal Munita , Sharma Atul , Shrimali Raj Kumar , Bhatia Vikram , Kulkarni Suyash , Srivastava Deep Narayan , Kaur Tanvir , Dhaliwal R.S. , Rath Goura Kishor
Published: March 2021

This document aims to assist oncologists in making clinical decisions encountered while managing their patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), specific to Indian practice, based on consensus among experts. Most patients are staged by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system which comprises patient performance status, Child-Pugh status, number and size of nodules, portal vein invasion and metastasis. Patients should receive multidisciplinary care. Surgical resection and transplant forms the mainstay of curative treatment. Ablative techniques are used for small tumours (<3 cm) in patients who are not candidates for surgical resection (Child B and C). Patients with advanced (HCC should be assessed on an individual basis to determine whether targeted therapy, interventional radiology procedures or best supportive care should be provided. In advanced HCC, immunotherapy, newer targeted therapies and modern radiation therapy have shown promising results. Patients should be offered regular surveillance after completion of curative resection or treatment of advanced disease.
Identification & characterization of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 & parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase variants in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Halder Tamali , Verma Shiv Prakash , Raj Janak , Pandey Sharad , Singh Ranjeet Kumar , Sharma Vivek , Joshi Deepika , Das Parimal
Published: March 2021

Background & objectives:

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a motor disorder that affects movement. More than 24 loci and 28 associated genes have been identified to be associated with this disease. The present study accounts for the contribution of two candidates, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PRKN) in the PD patients, and their characterization in silico and in vitro.

Methods:

A total of 145 sporadic PD cases and 120 ethnically matched healthy controls were enrolled with their informed consent. Mutation screening was performed by direct DNA sequencing of the targeted exons of LRRK2 and all exons flanking introns of PRKN. The effect of the pathogenic PRKN variants on a drug (MG-132) induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (△ΨM) was measured by a fluorescent dye tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM).

Results:

Twelve and 20 genetic variants were identified in LRRK2 and PRKN, respectively. Interestingly, five out of seven exonic LRRK2 variants were synonymous. Further assessment in controls confirmed the rarity of two such p.Y1527 and p.V1615. Among the pathogenic missense variations (as predicted in silico) in PRKN, two were selected (p.R42H and p.A82E) for their functional study in vitro, which revealed the reduced fluorescence intensity of TMRM as compared to wild type, in case of p.R42H but not the other.

Interpretation & conclusions:

About 6.2 per cent of the cases (9/145) in the studied patient cohort were found to carry pathogenic (as predicted in silico) missense variations in PRKN in heterozygous condition but not in case of LRRK2 which was rare. The presence of two rare synonymous variants of LRRK2 (p.Y1527 and p.V1615) may support the phenomenon of codon bias. Functional characterization of selected PRKN variations revealed p.R42H to cause disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (△ΨM) rendering cells more susceptible to cellular stress.
Динамика Вселенной Фридмана с добавлением граничных членов в действие
Authors: Kochkin Vladimir Ivanovich
Published: March 2021

Рассмотрена динамика Вселенной, следующая из вариационного принципа с добавлением граничных членов в действие. Вычислена скалярная функция, эффективно учитывающая вклад этих граничных членов в плотность и давление среды, заполняющей Вселенную. Интересным результатом предложенного подхода стало то, что автоматически (без дополнительных условий) возникает период сверхбыстрого расширения. Показана связь между описанием инфляционного расширения на основе скалярного поля и настоящей моделью.
Замечания об асимптотической независимости
Authors: Davydov Yurii Aleksandrovich , Novikov Svyatoslav
Published: March 2021

В данной работе вводятся несколько определений асимптотической независимости двух последовательностей случайных элементов. Обсуждаются их базовые свойства, некоторые простые взаимосвязи между ними и связи с условиями слабой зависимости. В частности, рассматривается в деталях случай плотных последовательностей. В заключение, чтобы прояснить взаимоотношения между различными определениями, приводятся некоторые контрпримеры.
The Paradox of Authenticity
Authors: Kovács Nóra
Published: March 2021

The book on the Slovakian authentic folklore movement by the American scholar Joseph Grim Feinberg working in the Czech Republic is a special treat for those interested in dance anthropology. It is always inspiring to look at social and cultural phenomena about the East-Central European region through the eyes of a researcher who is an outlander; this applies to the realm of music and dance, too. The title suggests two fundamental issues that may be interesting and important for Hungarian readers acquainted with the world of folk dancing. One of them is the authenticity of folk-dance related practices; the other is folk dance politics, a topic addressed extensively in the international world of dance anthropology.
Egy táncművészeti módszertani program bevezetésének vizsgálata a közoktatásban
Authors: Lanszki Anita , Papp-Danka Adrienn , Szabó Eszter
Published: March 2021

Az EFOP-3.2.6-16 A tanulók képesség-kibontakoztatásának elősegítése a köznevelési intézményekben pályázat keretében a Magyar Táncművészeti Egyetem kidolgozott egy művészeti képességfejlesztő nevelési-oktatási programot, melynek keretében a tánc öt formanyelvéhez módszertani segédanyagok és pedagógus-továbbképzések készültek. A 2018-ban és 2019-ben lebonyolított tréningeken 57 köznevelési intézmény, elsősorban alapfokú művészeti iskola 126 diplomás táncpedagógusa vett részt az MTE munkacsoportjainak irányításával. Jelen kutatásban feltérképeztük, hogy milyen tapasztalatokra tettek szert a 2019/2020-as tanévben azok a pedagógusok, akik beépítették a továbbképzéseken elsajátított módszertani programot oktatási gyakorlatukba. Kutatási módszerként az írásbeli kikérdezést választottuk, és egy 27 kérdésből álló online kérdőívet alkalmaztunk. A kérdések 3 nagyobb témakört érintettek: (1) az akkreditált továbbképzésről való vélemény, elégedettség; (2) az új módszertani anyagok mindennapi gyakorlatba való beépítése; (3) a differenciálás, a tehetséggondozás és a hátránykompenzáció kapcsolata az új módszertannal. A válaszadó tánctanárok (n=103) összességében nagyon pozitívan nyilatkoztak a továbbképzésről, annak minden vetületéről. A legtöbben már beépítették a gyakorlatukba az új módszertant, elsősorban a változatosság, az újítás és az élménypedagógia érdekében, de voltak olyan pedagógusok is, akik módosítottak az eredeti módszertanon annak érdekében, hogy a differenciálást, a tehetséggondozást és a hátránykompenzációt eredményesebben meg tudják valósítani.
Impact Assessment of a Methodological Program in Dance in Hungarian Public Education
Authors: Lanszki Anita , Papp-Danka Adrienn , Szabó Eszter
Published: March 2021

In the EFOP-3.2.6-16 Tender framework to Facilitate the Development of Student’ Skills in the Public Education System, the Hungarian Dance University developed a program with methodological guides and teacher training programs for ballroom dance, classical ballet, commercial dance, folk dance, and modern dance education. The training, held in 2018 and 2019, was attended by 126 graduate dance teachers from 57 public education institutions, mainly primary art schools. In this research, those teachers’ experiences are examined who included the methodological program in the 2019/2020 school year. For data collecting, an online questionnaire of 27 items was used. The questions covered three major topics: (1) opinion of teachers about the training; (2) incorporating new methodological materials into everyday practice; (3) the relationship between differentiation, talent management, and disadvantage compensation with the new methodology. Most teachers (n=103) have already incorporated the new methods into their practice, primarily for diversity, innovation, and experiential pedagogy. Still, there have also been teachers who have modified the original methodology to implement differentiation, talent management, and disadvantage compensation more effectively.
Hay que endurecerse, pero si perder la ternura jamás
Authors: Cutti Dirceu
Published: March 2021

Trav
Mercado de trabalho e reestruturação produtiva na indústria
Authors: Pires Elson L. S.
Published: March 2021

De acordo com a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio-PNAD da Fundação IBGE, durante a década de 80 persiste no mercado de trabalho o aumento contínuo da participação de trabalhadores ocupados em atividades urbanas (de 70,6% em 1981 para 74,3% em 1989), enquanto continua a queda do emprego na agricultura (de 29,5% para 23,5%). O maior desempenho na economia urbana na década ocorre por conta do crescimento da participação das ocupações no setor de senúços (de 27,8% para 32,4%), seguida das ocupações no comércio (de 10,3% para 12,3%), e na administração pública (de 4,0% para 4,7% do total dos ocupados). [...]
Migração religiosa afro-brasileira de Porto Alegre para o Mercosul
Authors: Oro Ari Pedro
Published: March 2021

Muitos anos antes da implementação da política de integração regional entre os países do sul do continente americano e da constituição do Mercosul, uma outra integração envolvendo Brasil. Argentina e Uruguai estava ocorrendo. Com efeito, se os esforços de integração visando a criação do mercosul remontam ao retomo da democracia nos países mencionados, a partir de 1985, ainda nas décadas de 50 e 60, indivíduos, crenças e valores circulavam entre esses países, configurando uma situação que se acentuou nas décadas posteriores. [...]
ІНДИВІДУАЛІЗАЦІЯ НАВЧАННЯ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ ЯК ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА
Authors: Алєксєєва Світлана
Published: March 2021

статті розкрито проблему індивідуалізації навчання у закладах загальної освіти. Основний акцент зроблено на феномен індивідуалізації навчання дітей «digital-native», для яких характерно персоналізація, мультизадачність, коротка концентрація, простота в комунікації. Розкриті ознаки такого навчання, що передбачає розроблення індивідуальної освітньої траєкторії; конструювання індивідуального освітнього маршруту; вибір індивідуального темпу навчання, форм з елементами доповненої реальності, інтерактивними способами комунікації в ігровому форматі, методів контролю, рефлексії. Розкрити суть індивідуалізації навчання як процесу формування й розвитку особистісних цінностей учнів, їх підтримка та захист, забезпечення механізмів самореалізації, саморозвитку, саморефлексії, саморегуляції та самовиховання, створення оптимальних умов для становлення самобутнього особистісного Я-образу, розвитку і становлення особистості як суб’єкта діяльності та суспільних відносин. Визначено, що розв’язання проблем індивідуалізованого навчання в умовах традиційної класно-урочної системи вимагає від вчителя попереднього вивчення і діагностики всіх індивідуальних особливостей розвитку учнів, зокрема, розумового, їх пізнавальної і практичної самостійності, індивідуальної системи діяльності. Констатовано, що індивідуалізації навчання у закладах загальної освіти сприятиме створенню сприятливих умов для гармонійного розвитку учнів, досягнень вершини своїх можливостей та здібностей, здатності до ефективного сприйняття дійсності та прийняття себе, підготовки до самостійного життя, соціалізації й самооктуалізації.
O Estado desenvolvimentista: vivo ou morto?
Authors: Wade Robert
Published: March 2021

Antes da década de 1980, a principal receita dada pelo Ocidente aos países em desenvolvimento para acompanhá-los atribuía ao Estado um papel de liderança sobre o mercado. Nos anos 1980, a situação mudou para um papel de fornecimento de um aparato para uma economia amplamente desregulada e aberta. Também tornou-se evidente que algumas economias capitalistas do Leste Asiático estavam crescendo tão rapidamente que se tornariam «desenvolvidas» em um futuro próximo, marcando-as como completamente excepcionais. Economistas do mainstream explicaram seu sucesso como resultado da adoção das receitas ocidentais, enquanto outros estudiosos atribuíram esse rápido crescimento ao “Estado Desenvolvimentista”. Este ensaio compara essas duas explicações para o desenvolvimento econômico bem-sucedido, concluindo em favor do último. O artigo também analisa os acontecimentos posteriores. Vários estudiosos que aceitam o papel fundamental do estado desenvolvimentista no período inicial de rápida industrialização no leste da Ásia passaram a argumentar que a Coreia do Sul, Taiwan e Cingapura se transformaram de estados desenvolvimentistas em estados quase neoliberais. Essa contribuição argumenta que os antigos Estados desenvolvimentistas do Leste Asiático realmente mudaram, mas não se transformaram em estados neoliberais. Em vez disso, eles se adaptaram e evoluíram, mas ainda assumem papéis de “missão social” de direção de mercado, muito além dos limites neoliberais. O ensaio também sugere como outros países em desenvolvimento podem aprender lições dessa experiência.
In-situ hydro-meteorological records in conjunction with stable isotope systematics to understand the hydrological processes in Glaciers of Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Kumar Amit , Verma Akshaya , Tiwari Sameer K , Rai Santosh K
Published: March 2021

Glaciers in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) are sensitive to climatic changes. Rivers originating from Himalaya have higher water yields in the ablation season due to large inputs from the melting of snow and glaciers, which is critical for sustaining downstream ecosystem, agricultural practices, hydroelectric power generation, and urban water supplies. Integrated investigations are frequently unavailable at a regional scale over a longer period, which is hampered due to the non-availability of data caused by harsh weather conditions, difficult terrain, as well as difficulty in maintaining the instruments at such high altitudes (> 3000 m asl). The hydrological understanding of melting processes from glacierized basins requires a network of reliable meteorological and hydrological observations. In absence of such reliable meteorological data, most of the hydrological simulation studies are forced to extrapolate air temperature from nearby basins, lower elevations, or consider satellite-based observations, which often deviate or differ from the actual ground conditions and lead to large uncertainty in model outputs. Therefore, an integrated approach for collecting hydrological and meteorological data along with other data like snow-cover, suspended sediment transfer and stable isotopic signatures of different components of the hydrograph were conceptualized for glacierized river basins in Garhwal Himalaya (Bhagirathi and Alaknanda). Our results suggest that the annual distribution of temperature lapse rates (TLR) established exhibits a bimodal pattern and the TLR’s are significantly lower than the adiabatic lapse rate. The major components of the streamflow are derived from snow and glacier melt, while rainfall contributes little during the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM). Westerlies significantly feed the glacier with snow, while rainfall is dominant during the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM). Precipitation and temperature are the dominant meteorological factors controlling melting processes and sediment delivery. Climate and topography control the distribution of seasonal snow cover/ snowline in the region. Extreme events like heavy rainfall, flash floods, glacial lake outbursts floods, etc. can be traced using hydrometeorological and isotopic data at high altitude stations. Therefore, in light of the challenges and potential research gaps, the study produces actionable knowledge in the Garhwal Himalaya for better understanding and modeling of glacio-hydrological processes by incorporating ground-based observations.
Spectrum of kinetic plasma turbulence at 0.3-0.9 AU from the Sun
Authors: Alexandrova Olga , Krishna Jagarlamudi Vamsee , Hellinger Petr , Maksimovic Milan , Shprits Yuri , Mangeney Andre
Published: March 2021

We investigate the spectral properties of the turbulence in the solar wind which is a weakly collisional astrophysical plasma, accessible by in-situ observations. Using the Helios search coil magnetometer measurements in the fast solar wind, in the inner heliosphere, we focus on properties of the turbulent magnetic fluctuations at scales smaller than the ion characteristic scales, the so-called kinetic plasma turbulence. At such small scales, we show that the magnetic power spectra between 0.3 and 0.9 AU from the Sun have a generic shape ~f-8/3exp(-f/fd) where the dissipation frequency fd is correlated with the Doppler shifted frequency fρe of the electron Larmor radius. This behavior is statistically significant: all the observed kinetic spectra are well described by this model, with fd=fρe/1.8. These results provide important constraints on the dissipation mechanism in nearly collisionless space plasmas.
Comparison of the ecohydrological models AnnAGNPS and ZIN-AgriTra for a small agricultural catchment 
Authors: Schwenkel Johanna , Zeunert Stephanie , Le Huyen , Müller-Thomy Hannes , Schöniger Matthias , Meon Günter
Published: March 2021

The ecohydrological models AnnAGNPS and ZIN-AgriTra are compared regarding their performance in a small watershed. Both models are presently applied for the transport simulation of plant protection products (PPP) from an agricultural area to a small stream to quantify the impact of reduction measures as part of a comprehensive study.

The spatial discretization of AnnAGNPS is based on hydrologic response units with homogeneous characteristics (land use, slope and soil type). For the continuous simulations daily time steps are used, only soil moisture is simulated using hourly time steps. The underlying equations are physically based, mostly simple calculation methods are used.
ZIN-AgriTra operates on grid cells, which allows a more accurate representation of the flow paths. The model is physically based, e. g. for the unsaturated soil zone the Richards equation is used. This requires detailed soil properties for its parameterization and leads to small computational time steps (minutes to hours) to fulfil the mass balance requirements. The detailed spatial and temporal scales, as well as the complex equations, result in a long computation time in comparison to AnnAGNPS.  
AnnAGNPS and ZIN-AgriTra are compared regarding their accuracy in the water balance and the mass balance simulation. For the mass balance different constituents as e. g. sediment, phosphorus and selected pesticides are simulated.

The study area is located in southern Lower Saxony, Germany. The catchment area has a size of 5 km2. The investigated stream (Lahbach) flows along agriculturally cultivated land. The relatively high slopes and the fine soil texture lead to a high fraction of generated discharge (as surface runoff, erosion and rapid interflow) from precipitation events. In the ongoing study the catchment was intensively monitored regarding meteorological and hydrological data. In addition, an event-based monitoring campaign was performed to quantify the reaction of the Lahbach during precipitation events, particularly the change in constituent concentrations. Due to the close cooperation with a local farmer, management measures are known very precisely.

The different temporal resolution of the input data and the time step of output parameters lead to differences in the agreement between measured and simulated time series among the two models. Overall, ZIN-AgriTra led to a more accurate reproduction of the rainfall-runoff events.
How to build reach-averaged rating curves for remote sensing discharge estimation? The potential of periodic geometry hypotheses
Authors: Mahdade Mounir , Le Moine Nicolas , Ribstein Pierre
Published: March 2021

River discharge is an essential component in the hydrological cycle. It is used to monitor rivers, the atmosphere, and the ocean through in-situ measurements, acquired on the surface, or from remote sensing to characterize natural disasters such as floods.

Estimating discharge in ungauged rivers with remote sensing data such as the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission but without any prior in-situ information is difficult to solve, especially in the case of unknown bathymetry, friction, and lateral river flows. However, the current literature suggests that a better knowledge of bathymetry could considerably facilitate roughness and discharge inferring. SWOT observes water surface elevations, slopes, river widths for several overpasses. We propose an inverse method to estimate discharge in a non-uniform steady-state, maintaining longitudinal (alternating pool-riffle) and lateral (meanders) morphological variability of the river. The idea is to build a rating curve (water level - discharge relationship) at the reach scale using hydraulic signatures (quantities not related to a particular section of the reach, which characterize an aspect of the overall hydraulic behavior: e.g., flooded area as a function of Q, mean water level as a function of Q). The inverse approach requires building a model that produces rating curves that optimally correspond to the hydraulic signatures. It requires a direct hydraulic model and a geometric simplification to facilitate the resolution of the inverse problem.

The approach is based on the geomorphology of rivers. Indeed, the geometry of natural rivers presents high-frequency variability, characterized by alternating flow units: fast-flowing flow units in rectilinear and shallow areas (riffles), slow-flowing flow units in deeper areas (pools at alternating banks or inner side of meandering bends). This variability generates a variability of the hydraulic variables that covary at the reach scale. However, a simplification into a uniform geometry without spatial variability reappears as a bias in the frictional parameters, thus reducing the inversion's accuracy. For this, we propose a periodic approach that consists of representing the reach equivalent geometry by sinusoidal functions.

This direct periodic model is used to create a whole periodic geometry (curved based asymmetry sections, Kinoshita curves to model the meander planform) and then solve the Saint-Venant equations in the 2D Basilisk hydraulic model (http://basilisk.fr), which is based on finite volume methods with adaptive grid refinement.

This model does not require boundary conditions (use of periodic boundary conditions) and provides the ability to model floodplains and thus flood mapping. In the end, there are few parameters to adjust in the model (use of parameters covariances).
SOL40: forty years of simulations under a climate and land use change scenario 
Authors: Ceppi Alessandro , Gambini Enrico , Lombardi Gabriele , Ravazzani Giovanni , Mancini Marco
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, one major issue concerns the land-use change due to urban developments that alters the basin response to meteorological events. With less storage capacity and more rapid runoff, urban river basins rise more quickly during storms and have higher peak discharge rates than rural catchments.

An exemplary case of this situation is the city of Milan and its whole territory that extends towards north that collects meteoric precipitation, through the Seveso, Olona and Lambro (SOL) rivers plus a number of minor tributaries for a total drainage surface of about 1300 km2.

In order to assess the impact of anthropogenic development on urban catchment scale hydrology, a reanalysis of 40 years of simulations has been carried out with the Curve Number (CN) map based on current land use, and compared to simulations with the CN maps derived using past land use.

A coupled hydro-meteorological system which comprises the physically based rainfall-runoff hydrological model FEST-WB, developed by the Politecnico di Milano and the ERA5-Land hourly dataset from 1981 to present, provided by ECMWF under the framework of Copernicus Climate Change Service Programme has been built.

The study (named as SOL40) exactly analyses 40-years trends of the main meteorological (air temperature, precipitation, etc.) and hydrological variables (soil moisture, evapotranspiration and runoff) over the SOL area, and try to quantify and separate the impact of land use change from the climate change scenario.
Methodological approaches to studying coupled human-water systems
Authors: Pande Saket , Scolobig Ann , Kueger Tobias , Guillaume Joseph , Haeffner Melissa , Adamowski Jan , Ajami Newsha , Perez Dionisio , Castelletti Andrea , Du Erhu , Roy Tirthankar , Carr Gemma
Published: March 2021

This paper reports on the progress being made on the “Methodologies” chapter of the Panta Rhei synthesis book due in May 2023 and to be officially launched at 2023 IUGG General Assembly in Berlin.

Panta Rhei cornerstone emphasis is to support policies and decision making through better understanding of social and hydrological processes and anticipate their future evolution. However definitions of and motivations for anticipating future evolution, e.g. prediction of trajectories, have different sets of challenges for different disciplines. Human-water relations have been studied from a variety of perspectives. And Panta Rhei is not the first time human water relations are being studied. There is decades of experience, so why is it different this time than the last decades. The dominant paradigm of Panta Rhei has been prediction, with a few exceptions. And prediction itself has been approached differently within Panta Rhei and the research traditions it draws on. What can we learn from these differences in perspectives and methods for studies of humans and water?

In spite of all such differences, all such diverse perspectives are similar in understanding human-water relations through their own lenses and unified in their goal of improving societal well being through better understanding of social-hydrological relations. Different disciplines have different societal objectives or similar objectives with different lens within the domain of Panta Rhei. As a result different are methods used, with their respective challenges.

Taking stock of extensive research conducted in the past decade in context Panta Rhei, this chapter explores the motivations of diverse disciplines and challenges faced. It identifies a spectrum of methods that have been used to understand and interpret human water relations, with predictive methods at one end and descriptive methods at the other end of the spectrum. The chapter then synthesizes all such methods by taking three diverse examples of human water relations and interrogates how diverse methods approach the same examples – one of which is presented from which diverse themes around terminologies, ontology vs. epistemology, diverse methodologies used, generalizability vs transferability of methods and new data sets emerge.

It is concluded that for the first time diverse disciplines are converging in their pursuit of understanding and predicting human water systems for social good and Panta Rhei has accelerated this convergence. This chapter ends with a call to action on what further methodological developments appear promising and what methods should be more widely adopted, i.e. a celebration of what has been accomplished so far.
Long Short-Term Memory Networks for Real-Time Runoff Forecasting using Remotely Sensed Data
Authors: Muñoz Paul , Muñoz David F. , Orellana-Alvear Johanna , Moftakhari Hamed , Moradkhani Hamid , Célleri Rolando
Published: March 2021

Current efforts on Deep Learning-based modeling are being put for solving real world problems with complex or even not-fully understood interactions between predictors and target variables. A special artificial neural network, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a promising data-driven modeling approach for dynamic systems yet little has been explored in hydrological applications such as runoff forecasting. An aditional challenge to the forecasting task arises from the uncertainties generated when using readily-available Remote Sensing (RS) imagery aimed to overcome lack of in-situ data describing the runoff governing processes. Here, we proposed a runoff forecasting framework for a 300-km2 mountain catchment located in the tropical Andes of Ecuador. The framework consists on real-time data acquisition, preprocessing and runoff forecasting for lead times between 1 and 12 hours. LSTM models were fed with 18 years of hourly runoff, and precipitation data from the novel PERSIANN-Dynamic Infrared Rain Rate near real-time (PDIR-Now) product. Model efficiencies according to the NSE metric ranged from 0.959 to 0.554, for the 1- to 12-hour models, respectively. Considering that the concentration time of the catchment is approximately 4 hours, the proposed framework becomes a useful tool for delivering runoff forecasts to decision makers, stakeholders and the public. This study has shown the suitability of using the PDIR-Now product in a LSTM-modeling framework for real-time hydrological applications. Future endeavors must focus on improving data representation and data assimilation through feature engineering strategies.

Keywords: Long Short-Term Memory; PDIR-Now; Hydroinformatics; Runoff forecasting; Tropical Andes