bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the potential influence of crosslinguistic lexical similarity on word-choice transfer in L2 English
Authors: Shatz Itamar , Alexopoulou Theodora , Murakami Akira
Published: February 2023

We examined whether and how L1-L2 crosslinguistic formal lexical similarity influences L2 word choice. Our sample included two learner subcorpora, containing 8,500 and 6,390 English texts, written in an educational setting, by speakers of diverse L1s in the A1–B2 CEFR range of L2 proficiency. We quantified similarity based on phonological overlap between L1 words and their L2 (English) translations. This similarity relates to psycholinguistic cognancy, which occurs when words and their translations share a high level of formal similarity, often due to historical cognancy from shared etymology or language contact. We then used mixed-effects statistical models to examine how this similarity influences the rate of use of the L2 words; essentially, we checked whether L2 words that are more similar to their L1 translations are used more often. We also controlled for potential confounds, including the baseline L1 frequency of the English words. The type of crosslinguistic similarity that we examined did not influence learners’ choice of L2 words in their writing in the present sample, which represents a type of educational setting that many learners encounter. This suggests that the influence of such similarity is constrained, and that communicative needs can override transfer from learners’ L1 to their L2, which raises questions regarding when and how else situational factors can influence transfer.
High-throughput saturation mutagenesis generates a high-affinity antibody against SARS-CoV-2 variants using protein surface display assay on a human cell
Authors: Yang Ye , Liu Shuo , Luo Yufeng , Wang Bolun , Wang Junyi , Li Juan , Li Jiaxin , Ye Buqing , Wang Youchun , Xi Jianzhong Jeff
Published: February 2023

As new mutations continue to emerge, the ability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus to evade the human immune system and neutralizing antibodies remains a huge challenge for vaccine development and antibody research. The majority of neutralizing antibodies have reduced or lost activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this study, we reported a novel protein surface display system on a mammalian cell for obtaining a higher-affinity antibody in high-throughput manner. Using a saturation mutagenesis strategy through integrating microarray-based oligonucleotide synthesis and single-cell screening assay, we generated a group of new antibodies against diverse prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants through high-throughput screening the human antibody REGN10987 within 2 weeks. The affinity of those optimized antibodies to seven prevalent mutants was greatly improved, and the EC50 values were no higher than 5 ng/mL. These results demonstrate the robustness of our screening system in the rapid generation of an antibody with higher affinity against a new SARS-CoV-2 variant, and provides a potential application to other protein molecular interactions.
Review
Authors: Lee Chin-Chuan
Published: January 2023

Wagner, Rudolf G. (Ed.). Joining the Global Public: Word, Image, and City in Early Chinese Newspapers, 1870–1910. Albany: SUNY Press, 2007. 249 pp. Paperback $25.95, ISBN 978-0791471180.
Review
Authors: Arceneaux Noah
Published: January 2023

Amanda Lotz. The Television Will be Revolutionized. New York: New York University Press, 2007. 321 pp. Paperback $23.00, ISBN: 0814752209. Amanda Lotz, ed. Beyond Prime Time: Television Programming in the Post-network Era. New York: Routledge, 2009. 210 pp. Paperback $32.95,
ISBN: 0415996694.
Reviews
Authors: Farrell Thomas J. , LeVan Michael , Taylor Nathan , Winseck Dwayne R.
Published: January 2023

Webb, Adam K. Beyond the Global Culture War. New York: Routledge, 2006. 269 pp. Paper $39.95, ISBN 0-415-95313. Kleinman, Sharon, Ed. Displacing Place: Mobile Communication in the Twenty-first Century. New York: Peter Lang, 2007. 264 pp. Paper $31.95. ISBN 0-82048-659-0.
Rojcewicz, Richard. The Gods and Technology: A Reading of Heidegger. Albany: SUNY Press, 2006. 248 pp. Paperback $26.95, ISBN: 0791466426. Lanham, Richard A. The Economics of Attention. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. 326 pp. Paperback $18.00, ISBN: 0226468674.
Occurrence of citrus brown and black spot diseases and their control using pre-harvest approaches
Authors: Mohamed Saied Ali Khalil  , Nadia Gamel El-Gamal  , Nehal Samy El-Mougy  , Mokhtar Mohamed Abdel-Kader
Published: January 2023

Mild brown and black spot diseases symptoms were detected on citrus varieties, Valencia and Navel fruits during season 2018 in some citrus orchards at North Egypt. Collected diseased fruit samples revealed isolation of Alternaria alternata and Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlpine) van der Aa. Some organic acids, salts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated against the diseases incidents in vitro and in vivo. Complete growth inhibition was recorded for fungi tested at 2g/L of salicylic acid, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Tri-Sodium polyphosphate and 2.5 g/L of S. cerevisiae. All pre-harvest treated Valencia trees, inoculated fruits revealed no diseases symptoms up to 10 days of storage period. Meanwhile, S. cerevisiae and salicylic acid treatments had extended protective effect up to 20 days. Control strategy through spraying Valencia orange trees with yeast or some organic acids and salts as pre-harvest approaches should be taken in consideration especially these diseases began to occur in North region of Egypt.
Investigating the in-core 60Co production assembly for open pool type reactor
Authors: Abdelhady Amr
Published: January 2023

Production of high specific 60Co activity in nuclear research reactor needs long time of irradiation to reach the proper consumer demands. Cobalt device is a fixed experiment inside the core of the second research reactor (ETRR-2) that designed for production of 60Co with activity of 50,000 Ci. Cobalt device is assembly of 16 pins of aluminum cans that filling with the cobalt foils. Utilizing the programs that depend on the Monte Carlo method to estimate 60Co activity is the objective of this study. MCNP6, KENO-VI, and MAVRIC codes would be used to evaluate the time that the cobalt device has been spent inside the reactor core for reaching the proper 60Co activity considering the continuous irradiation as well as the discrete irradiation. The calculations show that nearly one year of continuous neutron irradiation is sufficient for reaching the required activity. In case of discrete irradiation, the time required for reaching the required activity would be more than a year depending on the reactor operation period.
Silencing of circ_002136 sensitizes gastric cancer to paclitaxel by targeting the miR-16-5p/HMGA1 axis
Authors: Kuang Zhijian , Yang Haitao , Cheng Shu , Zhou Xiaolong , Chen Lan , Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2023

The dysregulated expression of circRNA in gastric cancer (GC) induces paclitaxel (Tax) resistance of cancer cells, which in turn affects disease progression and prognosis. Here, we sought to investigate the role and mechanism of circ_002136 in Tax-resistant GC. In this study, we found the enriched circ_002136 level and the declined miR-16-5p level in Tax-resistant GC tissues and cells. Biologically, knockdown of circ_002136 elevated the Tax sensitivity of Tax-resistant GC cells, inhibited the cell motility properties, and simultaneously drove the apoptosis. Mechanically, circ_002136 promoted the HMGA1-mediated cellular Tax resistance and cell invasion by sponging miR-16-5p. Furthermore, circ_002136 silencing impeded the growth of Tax-resistant GC tumors in vivo. Overall, our study revealed a novel signaling pathway that could be used for future clinical applications, namely the circ_002136/miR-16-5p/HMGA1 axis to regulate the Tax resistance of GC cells.
Water Grabbing, Capitalist Accumulation and Resistance: Conceptualising the Multiple Dimensions of Class Struggle
Authors: Bieler Andreas , Moore Madelaine
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this article is to reflect on how we can conceptualise the multiple types of struggles over water. Through a historical materialist engagement with social reproduction theorists, post-colonial interventions and eco-socialism, we argue that capitalist reproduction not only depends on the exploitation of wage labour but also the expropriation of nature and people along different forms of oppression. By focusing on historical processes and the intertwined dynamics necessary for capitalist reproduction, we reveal the internal relations of these struggles to each other and to global capitalism. Moreover, by putting forward a conceptual and methodological guide for how to approach water struggles relationally, we can point to the anti-systemic potential of these struggles. We argue that the diversity of protesters apparent in struggles against water grabbing captures internally related and mediated forms of class struggle, where the terrain of class struggle is inclusive of the whole social factory.
KEYWORDS: Class struggle; exploitation; expropriation; primitive accumulation; water grabbing; incorporated comparison
Effect of PbO Incorporation with Different Particle Sizes on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Polystyrene
Authors: Osman Ahmad Firas , Badawi Mohamed S. , Roumie Mohamad , Awad Ramadan
Published: January 2023

Two different sizes of lead oxide (PbO) nanoparticles, notably PbO(A) and PbO(B) with sizes of 78 and 54 nm, respectively, were produced using a high-speed planetary ball milling machine under specific operating parameters. Following this, the novel polystyrene (PS) nanocomposite PS/PbO was prepared using compression molding by embedding 10, 15, 25, and 35 wt. % of PbO(Bulk), PbO(A), and PbO(B) into PS separately. The composite was further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). FTIR results confirmed the presence of PbO and indicated physical adsorption of the nanoparticle onto the PS matrix surface. SEM, EDS, and LIBS analyses revealed a more efficient diffusion of PbO in the PS matrix with the decrease of the nanoparticle size. On the other hand, tensile and Vickers microhardness tests were performed to investigate the composite’s mechanical properties. The stiffness was, indeed, enhanced with increasing weight fraction as well as with decreasing particle size of PbO. The strength of the composite was optimized with 15 wt. % of PbO. The microhardness test revealed an indentation size effect behavior of the composite and an increase in Hv values with PbO loads up to 15 wt. %. Accordingly, by adjusting the filler particle size and concentration, the mechanical properties of the composite were enhanced, increasing their use in a variety of applications such as coating, insulation, and radiation shield.
Modern-Day Neanderthal
Authors: Brisini Travis
Published: February 2023

Advances in contemporary genetic science have reshaped the narratives whereby individuals and communities make sense of their personal, family, and communal histories. In this process, unknown connections have been revealed and familiar orthodoxies disrupted. This essay examines the consequences of a particularly unusual revelation—the dawning awareness of the presence of nonhuman and archaic human DNA in human genetic lines—for efforts at writing about identity and society. In this autoethnographic account, I examine my own genetic inheritance of Neanderthal DNA, and posit a performative concept of genetic life writing that begins to unpack the complexities of this new knowledge about our human condition. Rather than providing the key to unlocking an “essential” humanity, the murky, messy, and multispecies genome reveals an essentially ecological quality to humanity, and to our individual identities.
Doping effect on properties of CdZnS nanoparticles
Authors:   Department of Medical Physics, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq, Mohammed K. A. , Ajam A. M. ,   Department of Medical Physics, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq, Kareem A. ,   Department of Medical Physics, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq, Salem K. H. ,   Pharmacy Department , Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq, Alkhafaji M. A. ,   College of Engineering Technology, Department of Medical Device Industry Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq, Zabibah R. S. ,   Medical Laboratory Technology Department , College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
Published: February 2023

In current work, Nanoparticles of cadmium zinc sulfide (CdZnS) and copper zinc sulfide (Cu:CdZnS) were synthesized through a capping-agent-free chemical co-precipitation method. This article focuses on the optical characteristics, elemental analysis, and surface morphology of CdZnS and Cu:CdZnS. this properties of prepared materials were investigated using a variety of techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and ultraviolet–visible absorption. The results show both pure and doped CdZnS have cubic structure. The energy gap of CdZnS was equal to 3.14 eV and 3.4 eV for Cu doped CdZnS. According to the results the prepared nanoparticles are suitable for photdegradation applications.
The effect of the structure on the physical properties in GexAs10Se90-x glasses
Authors:   College of Mathematics and Physics, Hunan University of Arts and Science, 415000, Changde, People’s Republic of China, Xu S. W. , Liang T. W. ,   College of Mathematics and Physics, Hunan University of Arts and Science, 415000, Changde, People’s Republic of China, Zhu X. Y. ,   College of Mathematics and Physics, Hunan University of Arts and Science, 415000, Changde, People’s Republic of China
Published: February 2023

We have prepared a group of GexAs10Se90-x glass(x=5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 at. %) and investigated their structure and physical properties. It was found that, the minimum refractive index and maximum optical bandgap occur in Ge25As10Se65 glass that is chemically stoichiometric. Analysis of Raman spectra of the glasses indicated that the number of the Ge-Ge, As-As, and Se-Se homopolar bonds is closely related to the bandgap, because the band-tails formed by homopolar bonds could reduce the optical bandgap. The transition behavior of the structural units and physical properties of the glasses occurs at the glass with the chemically stoichiometric composition, and thus the chemical composition dominates physical properties of GexAs10Se90-x chalcogenide glasses
Study on the effect of zinc oxide nanopowder doped with different concentrations of cobalt, on the properties of implants
Authors:   Constantin Brancuşi University of Târgu-Jiu, Faculty of Engineering, 30 Eroilor st., 210135, Târgu-Jiu, Romania, Mihuţ N. M. , Tătar A. M. ,   Constantin Brancuşi University of Târgu-Jiu, Faculty of Engineering, 30 Eroilor st., 210135, Târgu-Jiu, Romania, Pasăre M. M. ,   Constantin Brancuşi University of Târgu-Jiu, Faculty of Engineering, 30 Eroilor st., 210135, Târgu-Jiu, Romania, Cîrţînă D. ,   Constantin Brancuşi University of Târgu-Jiu, Faculty of Engineering, 30 Eroilor st., 210135, Târgu-Jiu, Romania, Radulescu C. ,   Constantin Brancuşi University of Târgu-Jiu, Faculty of Engineering, 30 Eroilor st., 210135, Târgu-Jiu, Romania, Ionici C. F. ,   Constantin Brancuşi University of Târgu-Jiu, Faculty of Engineering, 30 Eroilor st., 210135, Târgu-Jiu, Romania, Păsculescu D. ,   University of Petrosani, Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, 20 University st., Petroșani, Romania, Nioață A ,   Constantin Brancuşi University of Târgu-Jiu, Faculty of Engineering, 30 Eroilor st., 210135, Târgu-Jiu, Romania
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to improve the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of biomaterials used in medical applications, by depositing thin films with superior properties on the surface of the materials. Starting from the antibacterial effect of ZnO nanopowders, doped or not with different concentrations of cobalt, five thermally treated thin films were deposited at 500°C, on a metallic titanium substrate, by the spin coating technique, a simple method that does not involves too many costs of depositing thin films on metal surfaces, starting from precursor liquids that gel over time. From the analysis of the resulting films, from a compositional, microstructural, morphological point of view, an increase in the antimicrobial activity of the materials used in impantology was found.
Influence of calcination temperature of TiO2 nanowires via hydrothermal method for photocatalytic degradation
Authors:   School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China, Yang S. S. , Ren B. H. ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China, Chen S. Y. ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China, Liu S. N. ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China, Zhang Y. C. ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China, Sun Y. ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
Published: February 2023

TiO2 nanowires were prepared by hydrothermal method using tetrabutyl titanate as raw material and then calcined at various temperatures. The samples were characterized by Xray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The photocatalytic performance of TiO2 was analyzed by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The formation mechanism of TiO2 nanowires was revealed in this study. The results showed that the calcination temperature had a great influence on the crystal structure and morphology of TiO2 nanowires. The TiO2 sample calcined at 650 °C exhibited higher photocatalytic activity due to the enhanced crystallinity and the nanowire structure with large specific surface area. As the calcination temperature exceeded 650 °C, the nanowire structure collapsed, leading to a decrease in the photocatalytic degradation efficiency
Influence of succinic acid species on structural, spectroscopic,optical, Z-scan, frequency doubling, photoconductivity and antibacterial properties of glycine single crystals
Authors:   Department of Physics, Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India, Priya N. S. , Chudar Azhagan S. A. ,   Department of Physics, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
Published: February 2023

With succinic acid as an additive, glycine single crystals were grown by conventional solvent slow evaporation route. Effect of succinic acid on the growth, optical and dielectric properties of glycine polymorphs has been investigated. The occurrence of functional groups has been identified by vibrational FTIR spectrophotometer. The low value of dielectric constant and dielectric loss at higher frequency range attested the grown crystal for frequency doubling applications. The laser damage threshold energy of the grown crystal was calculated. Third order nonlinear susceptibilityχ (3) (esu) of succinic acid added glycine crystals were evaluated from Z-scan experiment.
Effect of CaF2 addition on the densification behavior and mechanical properties of resistant anorthite and its bioactivity
Authors:   Emergent Materials Research Unit, Setif 1 University, 19000 Setif, Algeria, Zaiou S. , Beldjebli O. ,   c Ceramics Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Mentouri Brothers-Constantine 1 University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria, Belfennache D ,   Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, P.O. Box 64, Cheraga, 16014 Algiers, Algeria, Tayeb M. ,   Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Zenikheri F. ,   Higher Normal School of Technological Education, Skikda, Algeria, Harabi A. ,   c Ceramics Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Mentouri Brothers-Constantine 1 University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
Published: February 2023

In the current study, anorthite ceramic (CaO, Al2O3, 2SiO2) was synthesized by a simple solid-state reaction method, using local Algerian raw materials. The effect of sintering temperature at 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, and 1100 °C for 1h under atmosphere, and 0.5, 1.5, and 3 wt % calcium fluoride (CaF2) addition on the densification and mechanical properties of anorthite were studied. The correlation between these properties and the bioactivity of samples was investigated. The results showed that samples with 1.5 wt.% CaF2 sintered at 900 °C has the highest bulk density (2.7 g.cm-3 ), lowest apparent porosity (3%), outstanding micro-hardness (8.7 GPa), and high flexural strength (222 MPa) of anorthite. The in vitro bioactivity test was assessed by determining the changes in surface composition and morphology after immersion in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 8 h to 21 days. The results of the bioactivity test determined the formation of hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH) on the sample surface after 3 days, suggesting it is a bioactive ceramic.
Positive impedance and low hysteresis MOS type humidity sensors via SRCBD poly crystalline SnxOy thin films
Authors:   Department of Physics, JSSATE Research Centre, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bengaluru-560060 Karnataka, India, Anand B. C. , Shashidhar R. ,   Department of Physics, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bengaluru-560060 Karnataka, India, Choudhary N. ,   Department of Physics, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bengaluru-560060 Karnataka, India
Published: February 2023

Resistivity-type humidity sensors have undergone extensive research as a result of the increasing demands in industry, agriculture, and daily life. Only a few carbon composites have been reported to exhibit positive humidity impedance, and the vast majority of humidity sensors currently in use are based on negative humidity impedance, in which electrical resistance increases as humidity levels increases. However, in this case, we only have fabricated positive impedance MOS type humidity sensors using SRCBD polycrystalline SnxOy thin films. By changing the composition of x and y due to air annealing, the resistance of SnxOy film sensors changes in response to relative humidity from a negative to a positive value. It was found that oxygen vacancy defects were the root cause of the positive humidity impedance. Positive humidity impedance sensors are more energy-efficient, simpler to miniaturize, and electrically safer than their negative counterparts as they operate at lower voltages, expanding the range of applications for humidity sensors. We also believe that by making vacancies in semiconducting materials, positive impedance humidity sensors can be made universally. A MOS device with low hysteresis was developed using SnxOy films that were air annealed at 450o C and can be used as a reliable humidity sensor in a variety of applications.
Numerical simulation of SnS/CZTSSe heterojunction solar cells
Authors:   Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, Yuan J. R. , Wang J. S. ,   Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, Liu S. Q. ,   Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, Zhao H. H. ,   Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, Wang P. ,   Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China, Deng X. H. ,   Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
Published: February 2023

This work combines the advantages of SnS and CZTSSe to constitute the SnS/CZTSSe heterojunction solar cells, and the effects of various factors on cell performance were studied by using numerical simulation. The results show that the optimal thickness of CZTSSe and SnS are 0.1 μm and 2.0 μm, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal doping concentrations of CZTSSe and SnS are 1×1017 cm-3 and 1×1016 cm-3 , respectively. In addition, defect states have little impacts on the cell performance when the density of Gaussian defect states of CZTSSe and SnS are less than 1×1016 cm-3 and 1×1014 cm-3 , respectively, and the density of tail defect states of these two materials are both less than 1×1019 cm-3 eV-1 . Moreover, the potential conversion efficiency of the SnS/CZTSSe heterojunction solar cells can reach 23.92%. Therefore, the SnS/CZTSSe heterojunction solar cell may be a promising photovoltaic structure
Synthesis and characterizations of nickel doped Co-Zn-Y ferrites
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia, Ali H. T. , Amin N. ,   Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan 38000, Akhtar M. ,   Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan 38000, Arshad M. I. ,   Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan 38000, Athar M. K. ,   Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan 38000, Morley N. A. ,   Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, UK, S1 3JD, Yusaf M. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia, Latif Z. ,   Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan 38000, Mehmood K. ,   Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan 38000
Published: February 2023

The Nickel substituted Cu-Co-Zn-Ce nano ferrites, Zn0.15Co0.45Cu0.40-xNix Fe1.85Ce0.15O4 with x=0, 0.1, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, were synthesized using the coprecipitation technique. The sample were sintered at 900 ℃ for 5h. The structural, electrical, dielectric and magnetic properties of all the prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SMU2401, UV-Vis and FTIR. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns of all the prepared samples confirmed the formation of single-phase cubic spinel structures. These samples further characterized for the electrical properties by using two-probe type method. The DC resistivity of all the ferrite composition decreased as the temperature increased, showing their semiconductor nature. UV-Vis and FTIR confirmed the substitution of nickel in Cu-Co-Zn-Ce ferrites. From UV-Vis it is observed that the optical band gap changes from 3.9 eV to 5.3 eV with addition of Ni. FTIR analysis revealed that a strong variation on tetrahedral absorption frequency band is present which is due to the replacement of Ni on Cu. All these results suggested that these materials can be used for wastewater treatment.
The Effect of Child Preschool Education on Labor Force Participation of Married Women of Childbearing Age
Authors: Min Weifang
Published: January 2023

In the context of the decline in working-age population and exhaustion of demographic dividend in China, how to increase the supply of labor has become an issue critical to economic development. Optimizing preschool education system and enhancing the accessibility of high-quality and low-cost pre-primary schooling help free married women from childcare, boost their labor force participation, and thus, augment the supply of labor. This study discovers that the labor force participation rate of women who enroll all their preschool-age children in kindergartens is 1.32 times that of those who do not do so; and that for working women, preschool attendance of all their kids can increase their working time by four hours per week. After classifying the sample according to the level of household income and type of Hukou (registered permanent residence), it finds that child preschool attendance can more significantly raise the employment probability of women from high-income families and more prominently increase working hours of those with rural Hukou.
Is Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor a Link between Inflammation and Tumor?
Authors: Stebbins Clarke
Published: January 2023

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a classic pro-inflammatory factor that helps control both innate and adaptive immune responses. The expression of MIF is much higher in many tumor tissues, which helps the tumor grow, spread, make new blood vessels, and create an immune microenvironment that helps the tumor. Due to the important role MIF plays in the development and growth of tumors, it is being looked at as a possible way to treat tumors. This review discusses what MIF is, where it is found, how it sends signals, what it does in inflammation and tumors, and how drugs that target MIF are being made.
Cytokines and Lymphoma
Authors: Omer Richard
Published: January 2023

Currently lymphoma is mainly treated with combination chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, immunotherapy, and new targeted therapy, but treatment-related drug resistance, recurrence, extranodal and central infiltration, and leukemic transformation are still clinical problems that need to be solved urgently. Studies have shown that cytokines are expressed to varying degrees in lymphoma patients, which are significantly related to the progression of lymphoma, poor prognosis, chemotherapy response, and drug resistance. It has been confirmed that interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-10 are highly expressed in all types of lymphoma, and IL-10 is highly expressed in cerebrospinal fluid of central nervous system lymphoma, and both of them indicate poor prognosis. This review discusses the role of cytokines in the development and potential treatment of lymphoma.
Improved life of circular saws used in primary wood processing
Authors: Torkghashghaei Maryam , Shaffer William , Ugulino Bruna , Georges Rémi , Hernández Roger E. , Blais Carl
Published: January 2023

The effects of the Engineered Micro-Geometry (EMG) of the carbide teeth of circular saws on their wear rate and resulting sawing variation for 2-time intervals were studied. The objective was to improve the wear resistance of circular saws used during the primary transformation of wood. The tests were carried out under industrial production conditions with two series of circular saws; 1- with up-sharp tips, and 2- with cutting edges honed to adopt a waterfall geometry. The duration of the tests was 255 min and 645 min. Wood studs were sampled to measure sawing variation. Recession on the rake and clearance faces of the tips as well as the width of the wear land were measured. The wear mechanisms of the cutting edges of both types of saws were studied. Chipping and cracking were the two dominant wear mechanisms observed on the up-sharp tips. Saws with waterfall hone tips showed remarkably reduced chipping and cracking. Wear rate of the latter was notably lower than that of saws with up-sharp tips at both periods of sawing. Between-stud, within-stud, and total sawing variations decreased when saws with modified cutting edges were used.
An environmentally friendly approach to soil improvement with by-product of the manufacture of iron
Authors: Keskin İnan , Şentürk İbrahim , Yumrutaş Halil İbrahim , Totiç Ermedin , Ateş Ali
Published: January 2023

Blast furnace slag has been used for many years in various applications related to civil engineering. Many studies have created a wide variety of cost-effective and environmentally friendly solutions for this industrial by-product. This study aims to contribute to the performance evaluations of the usability of the blast furnace slag for soil improvement and the effects of the additive ratio and curing time. Bentonite samples were prepared with the addition of blast furnace slag at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% ratios by weight at optimum water content (wopt). Results were evaluated using the liquid limit, plastic limit, unconfined compressive strength, and swelling tests performed after 1, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing time. Results revealed that the liquid limit value decreased, and the unconfined compressive strength increased with increasing curing time and blast furnace slag ratio in the mixture. Additionally, swelling pressure generally decreased with increasing slag contribution and curing time. The lowest values of the unconfined compressive strength were observed on the 7th day of curing time, and the minimum value was obtained at 10% mixing ratio. The highest unconfined compressive strength values were observed on the 28th days of curing time. The optimum mixing ratio was 5%.
Performance factors for filtration of air using cellulosic fiber-based media: A review
Authors: Owens Lindsay P. , Hubbe Martin A.
Published: January 2023

The filtration of air has attracted increasing attention during recent waves of viral infection. This review considers published literature regarding the usage of cellulose-based materials in air filtration devices, including face masks. Theoretical aspects are reviewed, leading to models that can be used to predict the relationship between structural features of air filter media and the collection efficiency for different particle size classes of airborne particulates. Collection of particles can be understood in terms of an interception mechanism, which is especially important for particles smaller than about 300 nm, and a set of deterministic mechanisms, which become important for larger particles. The effective usage of cellulosic material in air filtration requires the application of technologies including pulp refining and chemical treatments with such additives as wet-strength agents and hydrophobic sizing agents. By utilization of high levels of refining, in combination with freeze drying and related approaches, there are opportunities to achieve high levels of interception of fine particles. A bulky layer incorporating nanofibrillated cellulose can be used in combination with a coarser ply to achieve needed strength in a filter medium. Results of recent research show a wide range of development opportunities for diverse air filter devices containing cellulose.
Developing Teachers’ Soft Skills within the New Educational Paradigm: Competences, Values, Indicators, Results
Authors: Sydorenko Viktoriia V. , Dzhus Oksana , Kozenko Roman V. , Ivanenko Olena A. , Zavadska Tetiana M.
Published: January 2023

This paper deals with theoretical models of soft skills development in teacher education. The immediate purpose of this consideration is to develop a model for the development of a teacher’s soft skills as a competent, innovative, motivated, and competitive specialist in the labor market in the present time. The role of soft skills in the process of professional development of employees in all organizations has been increasing in recent times. However, the importance and necessity of teachers’ soft skills and, therefore, their formation among students studying in pedagogical areas are not yet adequately realized by many participants in the educational process. This paper examines the concept of soft skills and identifies the importance of these skills for the development of a specialist in the pedagogical field. In addition, a comparative analysis of hard skills and soft skills was conducted, and their components, namely competences, values, and behavioral indicators were evaluated. An analysis was conducted to assess the labor market needs for new qualifications. This made it possible to design a model of the modern teacher with skills reflective of their real environment. The results of this study can be further used in the improvement of lifelong learning and adult education.
Economic Adaptability in the Absence of Democratic Corporatism: Explaining Lithuania’s Export Performance*
Authors: Kuokštis Vytautas , Vilpišauskas Ramūnas
Published: January 2023

Viewed in light of democratic corporatism literature, Lithuania is a deviant case. Although it lacks essential institutional prerequisites deemed important for export success and flexible adaptation to external shocks, the small Baltic country has been among the best performers in the European Union on these dimensions. Lithuania has become very internationally integrated and has managed to quickly adjust to numerous shocks, such as the Russian financial crisis of 1998–99, the Global Financial Crisis of 2008–2009, and the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we analyse Lithuania’s export specialization and show how particular institutional elements have supported flexible adaptation and competitiveness improvements: we cover the labour market, state’s involvement in terms of domestic compensation and public goods provision, education and skills, and the role of political legitimacy. Lithuania’s case has implications for the literature on the political economy of small states and the debate regarding the middle-income trap.
Latvian Original Adverts and Translations in the 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Ločmele Gunta
Published: January 2023

Advertisements in the 1920s and 1930s Latvia were published mainly in Latvian, German and Russian. Besides original adverts for local products, there were numerous translations of advertisements, mainly from German. Translations of translations also circulated in the press, blurring the concept of a source text. Advertising, including translated adverts, made an impact on culture, glorifying feminine beauty in many cases but trivialising women by a specific use of language in others. Advertising also influenced the Latvian language itself. Translators added a second layer of German calques to the ones that already existed. However, new terms coming from adverts also enriched the language. Translations helped create the language of advertising as such, by developing its constituent parts: brands and slogans.
This is Your Brain, and This is Your Brain on Atrial Fibrillation: The Roles of Cardiac Malperfusion Events and Vascular Dysfunction in Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Zenger Brian , Rizzi Scott , Steinberg Benjamin A , Ranjan Ravi , Bunch T Jared
Published: January 2023

AF is an independent and strong predictor of long-term cognitive decline. However, the mechanism for this cognitive decline is difficult to define and likely multifactorial, leading to many different hypotheses. Examples include macro- or microvascular stroke events, biochemical changes to the blood–brain barrier related to anticoagulation, or hypo-hyperperfusion events. This review explores and discusses the hypothesis that AF contributes to cognitive decline and dementia through hypo-hyperperfusion events occurring during cardiac arrhythmias. We briefly explain several brain perfusion imaging techniques and further examine the novel findings associated with changes in brain perfusion in patients with AF. Finally, we discuss the implications and areas requiring more research to further understand and treat patients with cognitive decline related to AF.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВА ПАРЛАМЕНТСЬКИХ ВИБОРІВ В УКРАЇНІ ПІСЛЯ ВІЙНИ: ВТІЛЕННЯ ПОЛОЖЕНЬ НОВОГО ВИБОРЧОГО КОДЕКСУ ЧИ КОНСЕРВУВАННЯ ЗМІШАНОЇ СИСТЕМИ
Authors: Kliachyn Andrii
Published: January 2023

Стаття присвячена дослідженню еволюції виборчої системи України – за 8 парламентських електоральних циклів було послідовно застосовано три ключових модифікації (мажоритарна, змішана, пропорційна), а потім – країна повернулася до змішаної системи. Надана характеристика ключовим чинникам такої «турбулентності» виборчого процесу політичного та соціально-економічного характеру. Викладені переваги та вади застосування кожної з моделей виборчої системи безпосередньо в контексті політичних процесів в Україні. Наведені конкретні кейси щодо практичного втілення цих моделей виборчої системи під час парламентських та місцевих виборів в Україні. Проаналізований алгоритм виборчого процесу в умовах пропорційної виборчої системи з «відкритими списками» та можливими преференціями щодо голосування за партійних кандидатів. Порівняно аргументи за та проти втілення положень нового Виборчого кодексу України, з одного боку, та можливої консервації змішаної виборчої системи (з мажоритарною складовою) – з іншого.
ОСНОВНІ ПРОРАХУНКИ У СТРАТЕГІЇ ВИЩОГО ВІЙСЬКОВО-ПОЛІТИЧНОГО КЕРІВНИЦТВА РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ФЕДЕРАЦІЇ ПРИ ПЛАНУВАННІ ТА ПРОВЕДЕННІ ПОВНОМАСШТАБНОГО ВТОРГНЕННЯ НА ТЕРИТОРІЮ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Tverdokhlib Yuliia
Published: January 2023

таття присвячена аналізу гібридної стратегії Російської Федерації щодо намірів встановлення повного контролю над територією України шляхом організації та забезпечення повномасштабного вторгнення та виявленню основних прорахунків (оперативних, тактичних, стратегічних) та факторів (внутрішніх та зовнішніх), що спричинили її провал. Стаття містить короткий огляд історичного підґрунтя (політика, яку проводили Російська імперія та СРСР проти України та її громадян) та сучасних причин (внутрішня політична ситуація, яка існує сьогодні в Росії, та зовнішня – вплив міжнародного середовища на перебіг російської війни проти України) зриву стратегії вищого політичного та військового керівництва Російської Федерації під час підготовки, планування та здійснення повномасштабного вторгнення Збройних сил Російської Федерації на територію України. Стаття включає політичні, воєнні та дипломатичні прорахунки, яких припустилося вище військово-політичне керівництво Російської Федерації при плануванні та реалізації повномасштабного вторгнення на територію України. Також у статті визначено основні події, фактори та обставини, які здійснили переломний момент у перебігу російської повномасштабної війни проти України. Окрім усього вищезазначеного, у статті пояснюється головна причина, яка спричинила всі прорахунки та помилки, допущені особами, відповідальними за планування повномасштабного вторгнення в Україну, та пояснюється, чому ця причина не була взята до уваги вищим військово-політичним керівництвом Російської Федерації.
МЕХАНІЗМ ТРАНСБІОПОЛІТИЧНОГО ПЕРЕХОДУ У ГЕОПОЛІТИЦІ
Authors: Konnova Nina , Kuz Oleh , Cheshko Valentin
Published: January 2023

Постановка проблеми. Процес глобальної еволюції досяг епохи антропоцену. Цей факт практично одночасно породив одразу два кардинальні, нерозривно пов’язані між собою імперативи в ідеолого-світоглядному базисі сучасної цивілізації: по-перше, відчуття того, що нова геологічна епоха вимагає і принципово нових алгоритмів, що спрямовують практичну діяльність та її теоретичне осмислення, обґрунтування у всіх сферах політичної реальності, з неминучим виходом на рівень міжнародних відносин та геополітики; по-друге, зміст категорій АНТРОПОЦЕН і (ГЛОБАЛЬНА) КРИЗА перетинається настільки різноманітно і широко, що утворює практично нероздільну логічно і ментально амальгаму. Метою цієї публікації є виявлення власне політичних аспектів інтеграції нової біополітичної проблематики у життя сучасного соціуму. Зміст терміну біополітика нині не формалізовано остаточно. У нашій концепції біополітика визначається як процеси реалізації біовлади, тобто здатність (пряма чи опосередкована) владних структур соціуму контролювати та маніпулювати відправленням біологічних функцій окремих індивідуумів. На основі поєднання методів концептуального, дискурсивного та еволюційно-антропологічного аналізу (концепцій еволюційної стратегії та культурно-екологічної ніші) виявляються можливі сценарії майбутнього розвитку політичного процесу на внутрішньодержавному та міжнародному рівнях. Досліджено механізм трансбіополітичного переходу – інклюзії цивілізаційної та біологічної еволюції у політичний процес. У підсумку формулюється зміст категорії «трансбіополітика» як основного елемента раціоналізації глобально-еволюційного процесу в світі, що глобалізується. Трансбіополітика у нашому розумінні є міжнародно-політичною проблематикою, пов’язаною з раціоналізацією глобального еволюційного процесу. Технологізація глобального еволюційного процесу, вибір чинних технологічних проектів і форм їхнього інституційного забезпечення визначається, переважно, гео- та біополітичною мотивацією місцевих еліт та наявними в їх розпорядженні гуманітарними та іншими конвергентними технологіями.
Comportamiento morfofisiológico y productivo de chile dulce hidropónico en invernadero con diferentes estrategias de manejo del fertiriego
Authors: Soto-Bravo Freddy , Monge-Palma Josué Isaac
Published: January 2023

Introducción. El manejo del agua y de los nutrientes afecta el balance entre el crecimiento vegetativo y reproductivo de los cultivos de fruto y consecuentemente el potencial de rendimiento. Conocer los patrones morfofisiológicos y productivos de un cultivo aporta indicadores de un adecuado balance fuente/sumidero para obtener óptimos rendimientos. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto diferentes estrategias de manejo del riego y la nutrición sobre el comportamiento morfofisiológico y productivo del híbrido de chile dulce “Dulcitico” bajo condiciones hidropónicas en invernadero. Materiales y métodos. El ensayo se realizó en la Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno, Universidad de Costa Rica, con un diseño irrestricto al azar bifactorial (3 X 2), con 6 tratamientos con 3 repeticiones, que combinaron 3 niveles de nutrición: baja (BC), media (MC) y alta (AC) concentración de nutrientes y 2 estrategias de riego, con E1: menor volumen y mayor frecuencia y E2: mayor volumen y menor frecuencia. Se evaluó el área foliar (AF), número de hojas (NH), longitud (LT) y diámetro del tallo (DT), pesos secos de tallos (PsT), hojas (PsH) y florfruto verde (PsF), radiación fotosintéticamente activa interceptada (PARi), número de botones florales (BF), número de frutos cuajados (FC) y rendimiento de frutos total (RT), comercial (RC) según calidad: primera (I), segunda (II) y tercera (III) y desecho (D). Resultados. Únicamente hubo efecto de los distintos niveles de nutrición, sin interacción entre factores. Las plantas del tratamiento BC presentaron el menor crecimiento (AF, NH, PsT, PsH) y consecuentemente menos producción (5,4 kg.m-2). Las plantas del tratamiento AC tuvieron un crecimiento superior que MC, y consecuentemente más BF, FC y RT. No obstante, el tratamiento MC obtuvo el mayor RC (9,2 kg.m-2) debido a una mayor producción de frutos de I y II calidad, y menor producción de tercera y desecho. Conclusión. El tratamiento MC evidenció el mejor balance entre crecimiento vegetativo y productivo, que se reflejó en mayor producción de frutos comerciales de mejor calidad y menos desecho.
Evaluación de herbicidas preemergentes para el control de arvenses en camote
Authors: Herrera-Murillo Franklin , Picado-Arroyo Grettel
Published: January 2023

Introducción. Un manejo inadecuado de las arvenses puede disminuir el rendimiento del camote (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) y en Costa Rica son escasas las publicaciones que documenten alternativas de control químico en este cultivo. Objetivo. Identificar herbicidas preemergentes efectivos en el control de las arvenses y selectivos al camote variedad Zanahoria. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se realizó de setiembre a diciembre de 2019 en la Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit de la Universidad de Costa Rica, Alajuela. Se utilizaron esquejes de 4 a 5 nudos de la variedad de camote Zanahoria, a una densidad de 22 222 plantas por hectárea. Los tratamientos fueron metribuzin 0,6 kg ia.ha-1, pendimetalina 1,5 kg ia.ha-1, clomazone 0,48 kg ia.ha-1, metribuzin 0,6 kg ia.ha-1 + pendimetalina 1,5 kg ia.ha-1, y metribuzin 0,6 kg ia.ha-1 + clomazone 0,48 kg ia.ha-1, aplicados 5 días después del trasplante y en preemergencia de las arvenses. Se consideró además un testigo con deshierba a los 20 y 40 días después de la siembra, y otro con libre crecimiento de arvenses. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar, con 7 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones. Resultados. La mezcla metribuzin + clomazone fue el tratamiento químico más eficaz, ya que aún 75 días después de la aplicación presentó un control de arvenses de hoja ancha de 93%, poáceas de 95% y Commelinaceae del 100%, con solo un 4% de cobertura de arvenses y un rendimiento comercial de 13,5 t.ha-1. Estadísticamente la mezcla metribuzin + clomazone presentó un rendimiento comercial igual al testigo con deshierbas (14,1 t.ha-1). El metribuzin causó daños leves en las plantas de camote, pero estas se recuperaron a los 15 días después de la aplicación. La presencia de arvenses durante el ciclo del cultivo redujo en 89% el rendimiento de camotes comercializables. Conclusión. La mejor alternativa química para el manejo de las arvenses y la producción de camotes comercializables fue metribuzin + clomazone.