bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic features and outcomes of patients with lung adenocarcinomas harboring BRAF mutations in the Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium
Authors: Villaruz Liza C. , Socinski Mark A. , Abberbock Shira , Berry Lynne D. , Johnson Bruce E. , Kwiatkowski David J. , Iafrate A. John , Varella‐Garcia Marileila , Franklin Wilbur A. , Camidge D. Ross , Sequist Lecia V. , Haura Eric B. , Ladanyi Mark , Kurland Brenda F. , Kugler Kelly , Minna John D. , Bunn Paul A. , Kris Mark G.
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND

The advent of effective targeted therapy for BRAFV600E‐mutant lung adenocarcinomas necessitates further exploration of the unique clinical features and behavior of advanced‐stage BRAF‐mutant lung adenocarcinomas.

METHODS

Data were reviewed for patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomas enrolled in the Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium whose tumors underwent testing for mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), AKT1, BRAF, dual‐specificity mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1), neuroblastoma RAS viral (v‐ras) oncogene homolog (NRAS), and phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit α (PIK3CA); for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocations; and for MET amplification.

RESULTS

Twenty‐one BRAF mutations were identified in 951 patients with adenocarcinomas (2.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4%‐3.4%): 17 (81%; 95% CI, 60%‐92%) were BRAFV600E mutations, and 4 were non‐BRAFV600E mutations. Among the 733 cases tested for all 10 genes, BRAF mutations were more likely to occur than most other genotypic abnormalities in current or former smokers (BRAF vs sensitizing EGFR, 82% vs 36%, mid‐P < .001; BRAF vs ALK, 39%, mid‐P = .003; BRAF vs other mutations, 49%, mid‐P = .02; BRAF vs patients with more than 1 oncogenic driver [doubleton], 46%, mid‐P = .04.) The double‐mutation rate was 16% among patients with BRAF mutations but 5% among patients with other genomic abnormalities (mid‐P = .045). Differences were not found in survival between patients with BRAF mutations and those with other genomic abnormalities (P > .20).

CONCLUSIONS

BRAF mutations occurred in 2.2% of advanced‐stage lung adenocarcinomas, were most commonly V600E, and were associated with distinct clinicopathologic features in comparison with other genomic subtypes and with a high mutation rate in more than 1 gene. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive genomic profiling in assessing patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomas. Cancer 2015;121:448–456. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
A scalable approach to solving dense linear algebra problems on hybrid CPU‐GPU systems
Authors: Song Fengguang , Dongarra Jack
Published: October 2014

Aiming to fully exploit the computing power of all CPUs and all graphics processing units (GPUs) on hybrid CPU‐GPU systems to solve dense linear algebra problems, we design a class of heterogeneous tile algorithms to maximize the degree of parallelism, to minimize the communication volume, and to accommodate the heterogeneity between CPUs and GPUs. The new heterogeneous tile algorithms are executed upon our decentralized dynamic scheduling runtime system, which schedules a task graph dynamically and transfers data between compute nodes automatically. The runtime system uses a new distributed task assignment protocol to solve data dependencies between tasks without any coordination between processing units. By overlapping computation and communication through dynamic scheduling, we are able to attain scalable performance for the double‐precision Cholesky factorization and QR factorization. Our approach demonstrates a performance comparable to Intel MKL on shared‐memory multicore systems and better performance than both vendor (e.g., Intel MKL) and open source libraries (e.g., StarPU) in the following three environments: heterogeneous clusters with GPUs, conventional clusters without GPUs, and shared‐memory systems with multiple GPUs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rationalization of Dye Uptake on Titania Slides for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by a Combined Chemometric and Structural Approach
Authors: Gianotti Valentina , Favaro Giada , Bonandini Luca , Palin Luca , Croce Gianluca , Boccaleri Enrico , Artuso Emma , van Beek Wouter , Barolo Claudia , Milanesio Marco
Published: October 2014

A model photosensitizer (D5) for application in dye‐sensitized solar cells has been studied by a combination of XRD, theoretical calculations, and spectroscopic/chemometric methods. The conformational stability and flexibility of D5 and molecular interactions between adjacent molecules were characterized to obtain the driving forces that govern D5 uptake and grafting and to infer the most likely arrangement of the molecules on the surface of TiO2. A spectroscopic/chemometric approach was then used to yield information about the correlations between three variables that govern the uptake itself: D5 concentration, dispersant (chenodeoxycholic acid; CDCA) concentration, and contact time. The obtained regression model shows that large uptakes can be obtained at high D5 concentrations in the presence of CDCA with a long contact time, or in absence of CDCA if the contact time is short, which suggests how dye uptake and photovoltaic device preparation can be optimized.
Transient partial permeabilization with saponin enables cellular barcoding prior to surface marker staining
Authors: Behbehani Gregory K. , Thom Colin , Zunder Eli R. , Finck Rachel , Gaudilliere Brice , Fragiadakis Gabriela K. , Fantl Wendy J. , Nolan Garry P.
Published: October 2014

Fluorescent cellular barcoding and mass‐tag cellular barcoding are cytometric methods that enable high sample throughput, minimize inter‐sample variation, and reduce reagent consumption. Previously employed barcoding protocols require that barcoding be performed after surface marker staining, complicating combining the technique with measurement of alcohol‐sensitive surface epitopes. This report describes a method of barcoding fixed cells after a transient partial permeabilization with 0.02% saponin that results in efficient and consistent barcode staining with fluorescent or mass‐tagged reagents while preserving surface marker staining. This approach simplifies barcoding protocols and allows direct comparison of surface marker staining of multiple samples without concern for variations in the antibody cocktail volume, antigen‐antibody ratio, or machine sensitivity. Using this protocol, cellular barcoding can be used to reliably detect subtle differences in surface marker expression. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Impacts of land use changes on hydrological components and macroinvertebrate distributions in the Poyang lake area
Authors: Schmalz B. , Kuemmerlen M. , Kiesel J. , Cai Q. , Jähnig S. C. , Fohrer N.
Published: October 2014

Land use and land cover changes are important issues globally resulting in changing hydrological and ecological conditions. In addition to field sampling and measurements, we applied a model cascade comprising an ecohydrological model and a species distribution model. We developed five land use scenarios (three deforestation and two afforestation scenarios) for our Chinese study basin in the Poyang lake area. In detail, we assessed the impact of land use changes on the hydrologic regime and stream macroinvertebrate distributions for the most likely deforestation scenario.

Simulated deforestation scenarios result in higher streamflow and surface runoff compared with the base model. The spatial distribution of stream macroinvertebrates, a group of organisms well known as water quality indicators, was modelled to describe the effect of the changing environmental conditions on the freshwater ecosystem. For the deforestation scenario, species richness was reduced, and the occurrence of the stonefly Togoperla sp. decreased considerably. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interplay of Photoabsorption, Electronic Structure, and Recombination Rate of Charge Carriers on Visible Light Driven Photocatalytic Activity of Cu‐ and N‐Doped Ba3V2O8
Authors: Veldurthi Naveen Kumar , Bandipalli Priyanka , Ravi Gundeboina , Reddy Jitta Raju , Palla Suresh , Bhanuprakash Kotamarthi , Vithal Muga
Published: October 2014

Palmierite Ba3V2O8 and related Cu‐ and N‐doped congeners were prepared by sol‐gel, ion‐exchange, and solid‐state reactions, respectively, with the aim of tailoring their optical, electronic, and photocatalytic properties. The catalysts were characterized by XRD analyis, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, SEM with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, photoluminence spectroscopy, BET measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and TEM analysis. The electronic structures of Cu‐ and N‐doped optimal compositions were calculated theoretically on the basis of density functional theory. A series of photocatalytic degradation experiments of methylene blue under visible light irradiation disclosed the optimal dopant concentrations of Cu and N into Ba3V2O8, and the photocatalytic ability of the optimal compositions was also tested by the degradation of aniline. The differences in the degradation performance of Cu‐ and N‐doped samples are discussed on the basis of inextricably linked parameters such as photoabsorption, electronic structure, and mobility of the photoinduced charge carriers.
Porous Copper‐Modified Graphite Pencil Electrode for the Amperometric Detection of 4‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Kawde Abdel‐Nasser , Aziz Md. Abdul
Published: October 2014

To overcome the well‐known carbon electrodes surface fouling of phenols, we report on a simple and rapid method for the preparation of a disposable porous Cu‐modified graphite pencil electrode (Cu‐GPE) for sensing 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP). The bare‐ and Cu‐modified graphite pencil electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and SEM. The two electrodes displayed distinct electrocatalytic activities in response to the electrochemical redox reaction of 4‐NP. A difference of three orders of magnitude is obtained on the amperometric detection limits of 1.9 µM on porous Cu‐modified vs. 1.0 mM on bare‐graphite pencil electrode at 3σ. The Cu‐GPEs are fabricated utilizing a simple single method, and at an extremely low cost with high stability, selectivity and sensitivity, offering a promising tool for sensing 4‐NP.
Pacemaker Activated by an Abiotic Biofuel Cell Operated in Human Serum Solution
Authors: Holade Yaovi , MacVittie Kevin , Conlon Tyler , Guz Nataliia , Servat Karine , Napporn Teko W. , Kokoh K. Boniface , Katz Evgeny
Published: October 2014

An “abiotic” biofuel cell composed of catalytic electrodes modified with inorganic nanostructured species was used to activate a pacemaker. The catalytic nanoparticles of various compositions, AuxPty, deposited on carbon black (CB) were prepared and extensively characterized to select the species with selectivity for glucose oxidation and oxygen reduction. Then two kinds of 3D‐electrode materials with different morphology, buckypaper composed of carbon nanotubes (ca. 50 nm diameter) and carbon paper made of carbon fibers (ca. 7 µm diameter), were used in a combination with different catalytic species. Finally, Au/CB nanospecies deposited on buckypaper were selected for catalyzing glucose oxidation (composing the biofuel cell anode) and Au60Pt40/CB species deposited on carbon paper were selected for catalyzing oxygen reduction (composing the biofuel cell cathode). The catalytic electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry in an aqueous buffer solution and the polarization function for the biofuel cell was studied in a human serum solution. The open circuit voltage, Voc, short circuit current density, jsc, and maximum power produced by the biofuel cell, Pmax, were found as 0.35 V, 0.65 mA cm−2 and 104 µW, respectively (in human serum at 5.4 mM glucose). The biofuel cell produced the steady state open circuit voltage over 10 hours with its slow decrease over 50 hours originating from the glucose depletion and slow mass‐transport within the 3D‐electrode. The voltage produced by the biofuel cell was amplified with an energy harvesting circuit and applied to a pacemaker resulting in its proper operation. The present study continues the research line where different implantable (enzyme‐based or abiotic) biofuel cells are used for the activation of biomedical electronic devices, e.g., pacemakers.
Waste law framework for the recovery of material excavated from tunnels / Abfallrechtliche Rahmenbedingungen für die Verwertung von Tunnelausbruchmaterial
Authors: Danzer Mathilde
Published: October 2014

This paper has been conceived for the future “Leaflet for the reuse of the material excavated in tunnelling”. The goal was to explain the term “waste” in contrast to non‐waste (product), the requirements for dealing with wastes, the permissible recovery of wastes and the time when the end‐of‐waste starts. Apart from the passages of legal texts which are most important from the technical point of view, explanations, legal material and letters already written by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management on this issue have been used. Moreover the decisive provisions of the Landfill Ordinance 2008 and of the Law on the Remediation of Contaminated Sites are presented.

Diese Arbeit wurde für das kommende “Merkblatt für die Verwertung von Tunnelausbruchmaterial” konzipiert und soll die Grundzüge der aktuellen abfallrechtlichen Situation in Österreich darstellen. Ziel war es, den Begriff Abfall gegenüber Nicht‐Abfall (Produkt), die Anforderungen an den Umgang mit Abfällen, die zulässige Verwertung von Abfällen und den Zeitpunkt, wann das Abfallende eintritt, zu erläutern. Neben den aus fachlicher Sicht wichtigsten Gesetzesstellen wurden Erläuterungen, Gesetzesmaterialien und bereits ergangene Schreiben des Bundesministeriums für Land‐ und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft verwendet. Darüber hinaus werden die maßgeblichen Bestimmungen der Deponieverordnung 2008 und des Altlastensanierungsgesetzes dargelegt.
Maintenance‐optimised drainage system for the New Semmering Base tunnel and Pummersdorf Tunnel / Instandhaltungsoptimiertes Entwässerungssystem für den Semmering‐Basistunnel neu und Tunnel Pummersdorf
Authors: Wagner Oliver K. , Koch Daniel , Lemmerer Johann , Druckfeuchter Hubert , Petraschek Thomas
Published: October 2014

In order to reduce operational interruptions for the maintenance of the drainage system, the ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG has developed an innovative drainage flushing system, which has different features depending on tunnel system and overburden.

Um Betriebseinschränkungen für die Dränageinstandhaltung zu reduzieren, wurden seitens der ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG innovative Dränagespülsysteme entwickelt. Abhängig von Tunnelsystem und Überlagerung sind diese unterschiedlich ausgebildet.
Advance probing measures on the TBM drives of the south contracts of the Gotthard Base Tunnel – experience and implications for other projects / Vorauserkundungsmaßnahmen bei den TBM‐Vortrieben der Südlose des Gotthard‐Basistunnels – Erfahrungen und Folgerungen für andere Projekte
Authors: Rehbock‐Sander Michael , Wieland Gerd , Jesel Thomas
Published: October 2014

The investigation measures carried out for the construction of the Gotthard Base Tunnel provide a demonstrative example for dealing with geological risk through appropriate investigation at each state of the project. Due to the length and deep overburden, it was impossible to completely investigate the entire length of the tunnel in advance. The concept in the southern sections intended the performance of probing ahead of the machine only in particularly critical locations, with the tunnelling and lining concept for the individual sections being designed to cope with possible hazard scenarios for the section and the provision of more intensive probing ahead of the continued drive in order to specify the necessary constructional measures. In addition, massive formation water ingress was to be expected in certain sections, which could reach a high quantity and high pressures (up to 200 bars).

The advance probing concept included in the contract for the almost 30 km long southern TBM drives of the Gotthard Base Tunnel with hammer drilling, seismic investigation and core drilling is described and the experience gained during the progress of the tunnel and the necessary adaptations are summarised. Suggestions are then derived for future projects.

Die durchgeführten Erkundungsmaßnahmen beim Bau des Gotthard‐Basistunnels stellen ein anschauliches Beispiel für den Umgang mit dem Baugrundrisiko mittels phasengerechter Baugrunderkundung dar. Aufgrund der Länge und der großen Überlagerung war eine vorgängige vollumfängliche Erkundung über die gesamte Tunnellänge nicht möglich. Das Konzept in den südlichen Abschnitten sah vor, nur für die besonders kritischen Bereiche vorgängige Erkundungsmaßnahmen durchzuführen, die Vortriebs‐ und Ausbaukonzepte in den einzelnen Abschnitten auf die möglichen Gefährdungsbilder dieser Abschnitte auszulegen und die Vorauserkundungsmaßnahmen aus den laufenden Vortrieben zu intensivieren, um die erforderlichen baulichen Maßnahmen im Vortrieb festzulegen. Zudem musste in bestimmten Abschnitten mit massiven Bergwasserzutritten gerechnet werden, die einen hohe Schüttmenge und hohe Wasserdrücke (bis zu 200 bar) erreichen können.

Das in den knapp 30 km langen südlichen TBM‐Vortrieben des Gotthard‐Basistunnels gemäß Werkvertrag vorgesehene Vorauserkundungskonzept mit Schlagbohrungen, Seismik und Kernbohrungen wird aufgezeigt, und die Erfahrungen und erforderlichen Anpassungen während der Vortriebsarbeiten werden dargestellt. Schlussendlich werden die Erkenntnisse aus den Vortriebsarbeiten zusammenfassend dargestellt und daraus Vorschläge für andere Projekte aufgezeigt.
Sustainability in infrastructure construction – on the transferability of assessment concepts for buildings to civil engineering works / Nachhaltigkeit im Infrastrukturbau – Zur Übertragbarkeit von Bewertungskonzepten für Gebäude auf den Tiefbau
Authors: Maydl Peter
Published: October 2014

The trend to sustainable construction in the building sector has greatly increased in recent years. In certain segments of the market (e.g. office and retail properties), building certificates are essential marketing aids and are having an increasing effect on competition, with questions of energy efficiency and interior air quality being of particular significance. A comprehensive series of European standards is now available, which also include a harmonised assessment concept. In infrastructure construction, this development has mostly been reflected in the estimation of lifecycle costs, durability and maintenance costs in bridge building and the recycling of material excavated from tunnels.

The new EU construction products regulation has required since 01/07/2013 the recyclability and durability of structures (i.e. buildings and infrastructure works) as well as the use of environmentally compatible raw materials and secondary materials. This paper investigates the question, whether and to what extent the assessment concepts and methods that have been developed can be applied to the design of civil engineering works, as is currently under discussion by the technical committee CEN/TC 350 “Sustainability of construction works”.

Der Trend zum nachhaltigen Bauen hat in den letzten Jahren im Hochbau stark zugenommen. In bestimmten Marktsegmenten (z. B. Büro‐ und Handelsimmobilien) sind Gebäudezertifikate unentbehrliche Vermarktungshilfen, die zunehmend den Wettbewerb beeinflussen, wobei oft Fragen der Energieeffizienz oder der Raumluftqualität im Vordergrund stehen. Mittlerweile steht ein umfassendes europäisches Regelwerk zur Verfügung, das auch ein harmonisiertes Bewertungskonzept umfasst. Im Infrastrukturbau konzentriert sich diese Entwicklung vor allem auf die Abschätzung von Lebenszykluskosten, Dauerhaftigkeit und Instandhaltungsaufwand im Brückenbau oder auf die Verwertung von Tunnelausbruch.

Die neue EU‐Bauprodukteverordnung fordert seit 01.07.2013 die Rezyklierbarkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit von Bauwerken (also Gebäude und Infrastrukturbauten) sowie die Verwendung von umweltverträglichen Rohstoffen und Sekundärbaustoffen. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob und in welchem Ausmaß die zwischenzeitlich entwickelten Bewertungskonzepte und Ansatzpunkte für die Planung auf den Tiefbau übertragen werden können, wie dies gegenwärtig auch im CEN/TC 350 “Sustainability of construction works” diskutiert wird.
The determination of performance‐ and payment‐relevant parameters in TBM tunnelling – State of the technology and outlook / Ermittlung leistungs‐ und vergütungsrelevanter Parameter für TVM‐Vortriebe – Stand der Technik und Ausblick
Authors: Galler Robert , Handke Dieter , Nolden Mario
Published: October 2014

The success of mechanised tunnelling is greatly influenced by the interactive behaviour of machine and ground. A multitude of published research and practice reports documents the problem of a targeted forecast based on tests and forecasting models [19]. The paper describes the currently used methods of estimating performance‐relevant parameters, including current research into the subject of crack propagation in solid rock and developments in disc force measurement on the tunnel boring machine and its forecasting from laboratory tests.

Der Erfolg eines maschinellen Tunnelvortriebs wird maßgeblich vom Interaktionsverhalten Maschine‐Baugrund bestimmt. Die Vielzahl der veröffentlichten Forschungs‐ und Praxiserfahrungen dokumentiert die Problematik einer zielgerichteten Prognose auf der Basis von Versuchen und Prognosemodellen [19]. Im Beitrag werden die derzeit zur Anwendung kommenden Methoden zur Abschätzung leistungsrelevanter Parameter unter Einbeziehung der aktuell laufenden Forschungen zum Thema Rissausbreitung im Festgestein sowie der Entwicklungen zur Diskenkraftmessung an der Tunnelvortriebsmaschine und deren Prognose anhand von Laborversuchen dargelegt.
Refurbishment of tunnels on the autobahn and main road network – Experience and requirements in the view of the road operator / Sanierung von Tunnelanlagen des Autobahnen‐ und Schnellstraßennetzes – Erfahrungen und Anforderungen aus der Sicht des Straßenbetreibers
Authors: Rattei Günter , Lorber Wilhelm
Published: October 2014

The ASFINAG operates an extensive network of about 2,175 km of important roads in Austria. The oldest routes date from the 1940s, and the average age of the roads is about 30 years. The ASFINAG also operates about 150 tunnel systems with a total length of about 350 km of tunnel, with 17 single‐bore tunnels still carrying 2‐way traffic. The lifetime of the structures is indeed relatively high but changed requirements for road safety and new standards for the fitting out of tunnels can make refurbishment or upgrading of the tunnels necessary. Since the tragic events of the Tauern Tunnel fire in 1999, about 4 billion Euros have been invested in the safety of tunnels, with a further approx. 1.4 billion planned for the next few years. The safety technology in all tunnels on Trans‐European (TEN) routes have to be upgraded by the end of 2019. From the point of view of operation, long lifetime and maintenance freedom are the most important factors, in order not to impair road safety and not to unnecessarily affect the availability for road users (customers). The road tunnel safety law (STSG) requires additional measures of constructional, electrical, ventilation and control technology for the upgrading of road safety.

Die ASFINAG betreibt in Österreich ein rund 2.175 km umfassendes Netz mit hochrangigen Straßen. Die ältesten Strecken stammen aus den frühen 1940er‐Jahren; das mittlere Streckenalter beträgt rund 30 Jahre. Die ASFINAG betreibt ca. 150 Tunnelanlagen mit insgesamt ca. 350 km Röhrenlänge, wobei derzeit noch 17 einröhrige Tunnel mit Gegenverkehr existieren. Zwar ist die Lebensdauer von konstruktiven Ingenieurbauwerken relativ hoch, allerdings können geänderte Anforderungen an die Verkehrssicherheit und neue Standards zur Ausrüstung der Tunnelanlagen eine Sanierung bzw. Nachrüstung erforderlich machen. Seit den tragischen Ereignissen um den Tauerntunnelbrand 1999 wurden ca. 4 Mrd. € in die Sicherheit von Tunneln investiert; in den nächsten Jahren sind Investitionen von ca. 1,4 Mrd. € vorgesehen. Bis Anfang 2019 sind alle Tunnel auf transeuropäischen Routen (TEN‐Strecken) sicherheitstechnisch aufzurüsten. Aus betrieblicher Sicht stehen Langlebigkeit und Wartungsfreiheit von Strecken im Vordergrund, um einerseits die Verkehrssicherheit nicht zu gefährden und andererseits die Verfügbarkeit für den Nutzer (Kunden) nicht unnötig zu beeinträchtigen. Für die Erhöhung der Verkehrssicherheit sind entsprechend dem Straßentunnelsicherheitsgesetz (STSG) bauliche, elektro‐, lüftungs‐, und steuerungstechnische Maßnahmen notwendig.
Tunnelling for the third section of the Stadtbahn line U12 in Stuttgart / Der Vortrieb für den dritten Teilabschnitt der Stadtbahnline U12 in Stuttgart
Authors: Gradnik Richard , Kicherer Manfred , Zwick Markus
Published: October 2014

Under contract to SSB, the urban rail operator in Stuttgart, Alfred Kunz Untertagebau München has been working on the Waltraud Tunnel since February 2014, which is the key structure in the extension of the U12 in the third section from Hallschlag to the Aubrücke bridge. This tunnel, with a length of 200 m, is mostly being constructed in fill material. The greatest challenge will be to tunnel beneath a 150 year old railway embankment with less than one diameter cover under continued operation.

In order to minimise settlement and to reduce risk for the client, it is planned to drive the tunnel with two side headings. Alternatively to the tendered concept of a side heading drive, an optimisation of construction operations was investigated as part of the detailed design, which differed from the tendered tunnelling concept in investigating full face excavation for comparison with the tender variant.

Im Auftrag der Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen AG errichtet Alfred Kunz Untertagebau München ab Februar 2014 den Waltraudtunnel, der das Herz der Erweiterung der U12 im dritten Teilabschnitt vom Hallschlag zur Aubrücke ist. Dieser Tunnel mit einer Länge von 200 m wird großteils in Auffüllungsmaterial errichtet. Als Höhepunkt wird ein ca. 150 Jahre alter Bahndamm mit weniger als einem Durchmesser Überlagerung unter laufendem Betrieb durchfahren.

Zur Setzungsminimierung und zur Minimierung der Risiken für den Auftraggeber ist es geplant, den Tunnel mit doppelten Ulmenstollen aufzufahren. Alternativ zum ausgeschriebenen Konzept eines Ulmenstollenvortriebs wird im Zuge der Ausführungsplanung eine baubetriebliche Optimierung untersucht, die abweichend vom ausgeschriebenen Vortriebskonzept die Durchörterung im Vollausbruch untersucht und mit der ausgeschriebenen Variante vergleicht.
Drilling processes to explore the rock mass and groundwater conditions in correlation with TBM‐tunnelling / Bohrtechnische Verfahren zur Erkundung der Gebirgs‐ und Bergwasserverhältnisse im Zusammenhang mit TVM‐Vortrieben
Authors: Kogler Kurt , Krenn Harald
Published: October 2014

Deep Alpine tunnels are characterised by great lengths and deep overburden and are mostly bored by TBMs. The exploration of rock mass conditions plays an essential role with regard to the technical feasibility, the estimation of advance rates and the safety and cost‐effectiveness of a project. Investigation drilling from the surface is often not possible due to the topographical conditions and the very high cost considering the great depths involved. Most TBMs are therefore designed to permit the exploration of the ground in parallel to continued tunnelling.

This paper offers an overview of currently available drilling processes, with hammer drilling with logging of drill data, core drilling with the use of preventers and directional drilling methods. Special attention is paid to the restricted space available at the cutterhead of a TBM and the practicalities of installing machinery. The quality of exploration results under the conditions of TBM operation, which is mainly intended to optimise advance rate, is also considered.

Tiefliegende Alpentunnel sind gekennzeichnet von großen Vortriebslängen und hohen Überlagerungen und werden vorwiegend mit TVM's aufgefahren. Die Erkundung der Gebirgsverhältnisse spielt dabei eine wesentliche Rolle im Hinblick auf die technische Machbarkeit, die Einschätzung von Vortriebsleistungen sowie die Sicherheit und die Wirtschaftlichkeit eines Projekts. Erkundungsbohrungen von der Geländeoberfläche sind wegen der topographischen Verhältnisse, aber auch wegen der sehr hohen Kosten aufgrund der großen Überlagerungshöhen oft nicht machbar. Daher werden die meisten TVM‐Vortriebe mit einer parallel zum Vortrieb laufenden Untergrunderkundung konzipiert.

Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen Bohrverfahren von Hammerschlagbohrungen mit Bohrdatenaufzeichnung über Kernbohrungen mit dem Einsatz von Bohrpreventern bis hin zu gesteuerten Bohrmethoden. Dabei wird speziell auf die Anforderungen der engen Platzverhältnissen im Bereich des Bohrkopfs einer TVM und deren gerätetechnischen Möglichkeiten eingegangen. Darüber hinaus erfolgt eine Betrachtung der Qualität der Erkundungsergebnisse unter den Zwängen eines TVM‐Vortriebs, der in erster Linie auf Vortriebsleistung ausgelegt ist.
Full face versus partial face in NATM tunnelling / Vollausbruch versus Teilausbruch bei der NÖT
Authors: Gamper Christian
Published: October 2014

In the planning of tunnels to be excavated according to NATM principles, the decision between full face or partial face excavation is of fundamental and decisive importance for the entire tunnel project. The current paper compares tunnel drives with full face and partial face excavation from various angles. In addition, the influential factors that have to be considered in the decision are explained. Also, an explanation as to how decisions are made in the course of the design, tendering and construction phases is presented. The paper is only concerned with NATM tunnelling; other methods like ADECCO or mechanised tunnelling methods are not considered.

Bei Vortrieben, die nach der NÖT aufgefahren werden, ist die Entscheidung zwischen Vollausbruch oder Teilausbruch von grundlegender und entscheidender Bedeutung für das gesamte Tunnelbauprojekt. Der vorliegende Beitrag vergleicht Vortriebe im Vollausbruch und im Teilausbruch aus unterschiedlichen Gesichtspunkten. Zudem wird erörtert, welche Einflussfaktoren bei der Entscheidung berücksichtigt werden sollten und wie die Entscheidungen im Verlauf von Planung, Ausschreibung und Ausführung gefällt werden. Der Beitrag behandelt ausschließlich NÖT‐Vortriebe. Andere Bauverfahren wie ADECCO oder maschinelle Vortriebsmethode werden nicht betrachtet.
Parcellation of the human orbitofrontal cortex based on gray matter volume covariance
Authors: Liu Huaigui , Qin Wen , Qi Haotian , Jiang Tianzi , Yu Chunshui
Published: October 2014

The human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is an enigmatic brain region that cannot be parcellated reliably using diffusional and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) because there is signal dropout that results from an inherent defect in imaging techniques. We hypothesise that the OFC can be reliably parcellated into subregions based on gray matter volume (GMV) covariance patterns that are derived from artefact‐free structural images. A total of 321 healthy young subjects were examined by high‐resolution structural MRI. The OFC was parcellated into subregions‐based GMV covariance patterns; and then sex and laterality differences in GMV covariance pattern of each OFC subregion were compared. The human OFC was parcellated into the anterior (OFCa), medial (OFCm), posterior (OFCp), intermediate (OFCi), and lateral (OFCl) subregions. This parcellation scheme was validated by the same analyses of the left OFC and the bilateral OFCs in male and female subjects. Both visual observation and quantitative comparisons indicated a unique GMV covariance pattern for each OFC subregion. These OFC subregions mainly covaried with the prefrontal and temporal cortices, cingulate cortex and amygdala. In addition, GMV correlations of most OFC subregions were similar across sex and laterality except for significant laterality difference in the OFCl. The right OFCl had stronger GMV correlation with the right inferior frontal cortex. Using high‐resolution structural images, we established a reliable parcellation scheme for the human OFC, which may provide an in vivo guide for subregion‐level studies of this region and improve our understanding of the human OFC at subregional levels. Hum Brain Mapp 36:538–548, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Moderate to vigorous physical activity volume is an important factor for managing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A retrospective study
Authors: Oh Sechang , Shida Takashi , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Tanaka Kiyoji , So Rina , Tsujimoto Takehiko , Shoda Junichi
Published: October 2014

Recently, the beneficial effects of increased physical activity (PA) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese subjects were reported. However, the optimal strength and volume of PA in lifestyle modification to improve NAFLD pathophysiology and be recommended as an appropriate management of this condition are unclear. The primary goal of this retrospective study was to estimate the beneficial effects of a varying volume of moderate to vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) on the improvement of NAFLD. A total of 169 obese, middle‐aged men were enrolled in a 12‐week weight reduction program through lifestyle modification consisting of dietary restrictions plus aerobic exercise. Among these obese subjects, 40 performed MVPA for <150 min·wk−1, 42 performed MVPA for 150‐250 min·wk−1, and 87 performed MVPA for >250 min·wk−1. The subjects in the MVPA ≥250 min·wk−1 group, in comparison with those in the MVPA <250 min·wk−1 group, showed significantly attenuated levels of hepatic steatosis (−31.8% versus −23.2%). This attenuation was likely independent of the detectable weight reduction. MVPA for ≥250 min·wk−1 in comparison with that for <150 min·wk−1 led to a significant decrease in the abdominal visceral adipose tissue severity (−40.6% versus −12.9%), levels of ferritin (−13.6% versus +1.5%), and lipid peroxidation (−15.1% versus −2.8%), and a significant increase in the adiponectin levels (+17.1% versus +5.6%). In association with these changes, the gene expression levels of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells also significantly decreased and increased, respectively. Conclusion: MVPA for ≥250 min·wk−1 as part of lifestyle management improves NAFLD pathophysiology in obese men. The benefits seem to be acquired through reducing inflammation and oxidative stress levels and altering fatty acid metabolism. (Hepatology 2015;61:1205–1215)
Addiction Education and Training for Counselors: A Qualitative Study of Five Experts
Authors: Lee Tiffany K.
Published: October 2014

Five themes emerged based on interviews of faculty with addiction counseling expertise. The findings are relevant to practitioners, educators, and students. Recommendations for the counseling field are addressed, and suggestions for addiction content, course design, and pedagogy are included.
Mediating Effects of Relationships With Mentors on College Adjustment
Authors: Lenz A. Stephen
Published: October 2014

This study examined the relationship between student adjustment to college and relational health with peers, mentors, and the community. Data were collected from 80 undergraduate students completing their first semester of course work at a large university in the mid‐South. A series of simultaneous multiple regression analyses indicated that higher levels of relational health with mentors were the strongest predictors of college student success during the first semester. Suggestions for developing a mentoring program are provided.
Self‐Compassion Among College Counseling Center Clients: An Examination of Clinical Norms and Group Differences
Authors: Lockard Allison J. , Hayes Jeffrey A. , Neff Kristin , Locke Benjamin D.
Published: October 2014

There has been growing interest in the mental health benefits of self‐compassion. This study was designed to establish norms on the Self‐Compassion Scale–Short Form, a popular measure of self‐compassion for individuals seeking counseling, and to examine group differences in self‐compassion based on gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, previous counseling, and psychiatric medication use. Data for this study were collected through the Center for Collegiate Mental Health, a practice‐research network of more than 240 college and university counseling centers.
Examining Treatment‐Seeking College Students With and Without Military Experience and Trauma Histories
Authors: Johnson Matthew C. , Graceffo James M. , Hayes Jeffrey A. , Locke Benjamin D.
Published: October 2014

An increasing number of veterans are returning from war, many with mental health problems. Some of these returning veterans will enroll in college, and it is important that campus counseling centers can meet the needs of this population. This study examined psychological distress among students with and without military experience. Results indicated that students with military experience showed elevated rates of hostility and family concerns. Clinical implications are discussed.
Change in Depressive Symptoms Among Treatment‐Seeking College Students Who Are Sexual Minorities
Authors: Effrig Jessica C. , Maloch Janelle K. , McAleavey Andrew , Locke Benjamin D. , Bieschke Kathleen J.
Published: October 2014

Changes in students’ depressive symptoms during the course of treatment at college counseling centers were examined by sexual orientation. In Study 1, results showed that depressive symptoms decreased similarly across sexual orientation groups during the course of treatment. In Study 2, family support did not moderate the relationship between pre‐ and posttreatment depressive symptoms but had a direct effect on posttreatment depressive symptoms for students questioning their sexual identity. Clinical implications are discussed.
The Effect of Perfectionism and Acculturative Stress on Levels of Depression Experienced by East Asian International Students
Authors: Hamamura Toshitaka , Laird Philip G.
Published: October 2014

This study examined relationships among acculturative stress, grade point average satisfaction, maladaptive perfectionism, and depression in 52 East Asian international students and 126 North American students. Results indicated that a combined effect of perfectionism and acculturative stress accounted for more than 30% of the variance related to depression. Implications include the importance of attending to perfectionism and acculturative stress for improving the overall well‐being of East Asian international students.

Este estudio examinó las relaciones entre el estrés aculturativo, la satisfacción con el promedio de calificaciones, el perfeccionismo inadaptado y la depresión en 52 estudiantes internacionales del este asiático y 126 estudiantes norteamericanos. Los resultados indicaron que el efecto combinado del perfeccionismo y el estrés aculturativo representó más del 30% de la varianza relacionada con la depresión. Las implicaciones incluyen la importancia de prestar atención a los niveles de perfeccionismo y estrés aculturativo para mejorar el bienestar general de los estudiantes internacionales del este asiático.
The Synonymic Nature of Professional Counseling and Humanism: Presuppositions That Guide Our Identities
Authors: VEREEN LINWOOD G. , HILL NICOLE R. , SOSA GLORIA AQUINO , KRESS VICTORIA
Published: October 2014

The authors present the argument that professional counseling is philosophically grounded in humanism. As evidence, 5 major presuppositions of professional counseling—relationality, development, empowerment, wellness, and social justice—are situated as fundamental to the understanding of humanism. These tenets are presented as a foundation to ground professional counselor identity as humanistic, and thus position humanism as synonymic with professional counseling.
Celiac Disease Autoimmunity and Hip Fracture Risk: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Heikkilä Katriina , Heliövaara Markku , Impivaara Olli , Kröger Heikki , Knekt Paul , Rissanen Harri , Mäki Markku , Kaukinen Katri
Published: October 2014

The impact of celiac disease autoimmunity on bone health is unclear. We investigated the associations of seropositivity for tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTGA) and endomysial antibodies (EMA) with incident hip fractures using data from a prospective cohort study, Mini-Finland Health Survey. Baseline serum samples, taken in 1978–80, were tested for tTGA and EMA. Incident hip fractures up to the year 2011 were ascertained from a national hospitalization register. Associations between seropositivity and hip fractures were modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, vitamin D, gamma-glutamyl transferase, smoking, and self-rated health. Our analyses were based on 6919 men and women who had no record of celiac disease or hip fracture before the study baseline. A total of 382 individuals had a hip fracture during a median follow-up of 30 years. Compared with the tTGA-negative individuals (n = 6350), tTGA-positive participants (n = 569; with hip fracture, n = 51) had a higher risk of hip fractures (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17, 2.14). The findings were similar for another tTGA test (n 200; with hip fracture, n = 26; HR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.49, 3.34). We found no evidence for an association between EMA positivity and hip fracture risk (HR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.34, 2.47; n = 74; with hip fracture, n = 4). In our prospective population-based study of Finnish adults, seropositivity for tTGA was associated with an increased hip fracture risk. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
HDAC5 Controls MEF2C-Driven Sclerostin Expression in Osteocytes
Authors: Wein Marc N , Spatz Jordan , Nishimori Shigeki , Doench John , Root David , Babij Philip , Nagano Kenichi , Baron Roland , Brooks Daniel , Bouxsein Mary , Pajevic Paola Divieti , Kronenberg Henry M
Published: October 2014

Osteocytes secrete paracrine factors that regulate the balance between bone formation and destruction. Among these molecules, sclerostin (encoded by the gene SOST) inhibits osteoblastic bone formation and is an osteoporosis drug target. The molecular mechanisms underlying SOST expression remain largely unexplored. Here, we report that histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) negatively regulates sclerostin levels in osteocytes in vitro and in vivo. HDAC5 shRNA increases, whereas HDAC5 overexpression decreases SOST expression in the novel murine Ocy454 osteocytic cell line. HDAC5 knockout mice show increased levels of SOST mRNA, more sclerostin-positive osteocytes, decreased Wnt activity, low trabecular bone density, and reduced bone formation by osteoblasts. In osteocytes, HDAC5 binds and inhibits the function of MEF2C, a crucial transcription factor for SOST expression. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we have mapped endogenous MEF2C binding in the SOST gene to a distal intergenic enhancer 45 kB downstream from the transcription start site. HDAC5 deficiency increases SOST enhancer MEF2C chromatin association and H3K27 acetylation and decreases recruitment of corepressors NCoR and HDAC3. HDAC5 associates with and regulates the transcriptional activity of this enhancer, suggesting direct regulation of SOST gene expression by HDAC5 in osteocytes. Finally, increased sclerostin production achieved by HDAC5 shRNA is abrogated by simultaneous knockdown of MEF2C, indicating that MEF2C is a major target of HDAC5 in osteocytes. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Quality and safety during the off hours in medicine units: A mixed methods study of front‐line provider perspectives
Authors: Gonzalo Jed D. , Moser Eileen , Lehman Erik , Kuperman Ethan
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND

Hospital off‐hours care is associated with poor outcomes. Mutual conceptualization among provider groups may facilitate improvement efforts. Provider‐perceived threats to quality are unreported.

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this study were to identify perceived off‐hours quality and safety issues, assess the most significant, and evaluate differences between nurses, and attending and housestaff physicians, and providers with day and night experience.

DESIGN

Prospective, sequential, exploratory mixed‐methods study.

MEASURES

Open‐ended descriptions of adverse events/near misses occurring overnight (n = 190) were analyzed using thematic analysis. From these results, a survey was developed to assess perceptions of quality/frequency of each issue (7‐point scale, 7 = the highest rating) and highest‐quality overnight period (7–10 pm, 10 pm−1 am, 1–4 am, 4–7 am).

RESULTS

Primary issues related to mismanagement, delivery processes, and communication/coordination. Of 214 surveys, 160 responses (75%) were received. Least‐optimal issues related to “communication” (2.93) and “timeliness/safety” (3.89) of emergency department transfers; most‐optimal issues related to timely lab reporting (4.70). On the 7‐point scale, comparisons among nurses, and attending and housestaff physicians revealed differences in quality of “communication between physicians” (4.29 vs 6.00 vs 5.14) and “communication between consultants–primary providers” (3.46 vs 5.75 vs 4.35, P < 0.001). Comparisons between day–night providers revealed lower ratings from day providers in 12/24 items (P < 0.05), including “communication during emergency department transfers” (4.81 vs 3.86). All groups ranked 4 to 7am lowest in quality.

CONCLUSIONS

Nurses, and attending and housestaff physicians lack a shared mental model of off‐hours care. Several issues, including emergency department transfers and timeliness of consults, were identified by all providers as problematic, meriting further investigation and intervention. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:756–763. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Identification of two Ag‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine surface species on Ag nanoparticle surfaces by excitation wavelength dependence of SERS spectra and factor analysis: evidence for chemical mechanism contribution to SERS of Ag(0)–tpy
Authors: Šloufová Ivana , Procházka Marek , Vlčková Blanka
Published: October 2014

Measurement and interpretation of the excitation wavelength dependence of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of molecules chemisorbed on plasmonic, e.g. Ag nanoparticle (NP) surfaces, are of principal importance for revealing the charge transfer (CT) mechanism contribution to the overall SERS enhancement. SERS spectra, their excitation wavelength dependence in the 445–780‐nm range and factor analysis (FA) were used for the identification of two Ag‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (tpy) surface species, denoted Ag+–tpy and Ag(0)–tpy, on Ag NPs in systems with unmodified and/or purposefully modified Ag NPs originating from hydroxylamine hydrochloride‐reduced hydrosols. Ag+–tpy is a spectral analogue of [Ag(tpy)]+ complex cation, and its SERS shows virtually no excitation wavelength dependence. By contrast, SERS of Ag(0)–tpy surface complex generated upon chloride‐induced compact aggregate formation and/or in strongly reducing ambient shows a pronounced excitation wavelength dependence attributed to a CT resonance (the chemical mechanism) contribution to the overall SERS enhancement. Both the resonance (λexc = 532 nm) and off‐resonance (λexc = 780 nm) pure‐component spectra of Ag(0)–tpy obtained by FA are largely similar to surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (λexc = 532 nm in resonance with singlet metal to ligand CT (1 MLCT) transition) and SERS (λexc = 780 nm) spectra of [Fe(tpy)2]2+ complex dication. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.