bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Newly discovered KI, WU, and Merkel cell polyomaviruses: No evidence of mother-to-fetus transmission
Authors: Sadeghi Mohammadreza , Riipinen Anita , Väisänen Elina , Chen Tingting , Kantola Kalle , Surcel Heljä-Marja , Karikoski Riitta , Taskinen Helena , Söderlund-Venermo Maria , Hedman Klaus
Published: September 2010

Background

Three* human polyomaviruses have been discovered recently, KIPyV, WUPyV and MCPyV. These viruses appear to circulate ubiquitously; however, their clinical significance beyond Merkel cell carcinoma is almost completely unknown. In particular, nothing is known about their preponderance in vertical transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of fetal infections by these viruses. We sought the three by PCR, and MCPyV also by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), from 535 fetal autopsy samples (heart, liver, placenta) from intrauterine fetal deaths (IUFDs) (N = 169), miscarriages (120) or induced abortions (246). We also measured the MCPyV IgG antibodies in the corresponding maternal sera (N = 462) mostly from the first trimester.

Results

No sample showed KIPyV or WUPyV DNA. Interestingly, one placenta was reproducibly PCR positive for MCPyV. Among the 462 corresponding pregnant women, 212 (45.9%) were MCPyV IgG seropositive.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that none of the three emerging polyomaviruses often cause miscarriages or IUFDs, nor are they transmitted to fetuses. Yet, more than half the expectant mothers were susceptible to infection by the MCPyV.
Detection of DNA fusion junctions for BCR-ABL translocations by Anchored ChromPET
Authors: Shibata Yoshiyuki , Malhotra Ankit , Dutta Anindya
Published: September 2010

Anchored ChromPET, a technique to capture and interrogate targeted sequences in the genome, has been developed to identify chromosomal aberrations and define breakpoints. Using this method, we could define the BCR-ABL1 translocation DNA breakpoint to a base-pair resolution in Philadelphia chromosome-positive samples. This DNA-based method is highly sensitive and can detect the fusion junction using samples from which it is hard to obtain RNA or cells where the RNA expression has been silenced.
Directional illumination analysis using the local exponential frame
Authors: Mao Jian , Wu Ru-Shan , Gao Jing-Huai
Published: September 2010

We have developed an efficient method of directional illumination analysis in the local angle domain using local exponential frame beamlets. The space-domain wavefields with different shot-receiver geometries are decomposed into the local angle domain by using the local exponential beamlets, which form a tight frame with the redundancy ratio two and are implemented by a linear combination of local cosine and local sine transforms. Because of the fast algorithms of the local cosine/sine transforms, this method is much more efficient than the previously used decomposition methods in directional illumination analysis, such as the local slant-stacking method and the Gabor-Daubechies frame method. The results of directional illumination (DI) maps and the acqui-sition dip responses (ADR) for the 2D SEG/EAGE salt model and the 45-shot 3D SEG/EAGE model demonstrated the validity and feasibility of our method. Compared with the illumination results using local slant-stacking decomposition, the new method produces illumination maps of similar quality, but it does so a few times faster. Furthermore, because of its high computational efficiency and saving in memory usage, the new method makes the 3D directional illumination analysis readily applicable in the industry.
Optimal trace selection for AVA processing of shale-sand reservoirs
Authors: Guest Thomas , Curtis Andrew
Published: September 2010

When processing data, a principal aim is to maximize information inferred from a data set by minimizing the expected postprocessing uncertainties on parameters of interest. Nonlinear statistical experimental design (SED) methods can be used to find optimal trace profiles for processing amplitude-variation-with-angle (AVA) surveys that account for all prior petrophysical information about the target reservoir. Optimal selections change as prior knowledge of rock parameters and reservoir fluid content changes, and which of the prior parameters have the greatest effect on selected traces can be assessed. The results show that optimal profiles are far more sensitive to prior information about reservoir porosity than to information about saturating fluid properties. By applying ray-tracing methods, AVA results can be used to design optimal processing profiles from seismic data sets for multiple targets, each with different prior-model uncertainties.
Spectral induced polarization signatures of abiotic FeS precipitation
Authors: Ntarlagiannis Dimitrios , Doherty Rory , Williams Kenneth H.
Published: September 2010

In recent years, geophysical methods have been shown to be sensitive to microbial-induced mineralization processes. The spectral induced-polarization (SIP) method appears to be very promising for monitoring mineralization and microbial processes. With this work, we study the links of mineralization and SIP signals, in the absence of microbial activity. We recorded the SIP response during abiotic FeS precipitation. We show that the SIP signals are diagnostic of FeS mineralization and can be differentiated from SIP signals from biomineralization processes. More specifically, the imaginary conductivity shows almost linear dependence on the amount of FeS precipitating out of solution, above the threshold value [Formula: see text] under our experimental conditions. This research has direct implications for the use of the SIP method as a monitoring and decision-making tool for sustainable remediation of metals in contaminated soils and groundwater.
Outside the Dwelling of Culture: Estrangement and Difference in Postcolonial Zululand
Authors: White Hylton
Published: September 2010

Body of Power, Spirit of Resistance was distinguished by its strongly dialectical analysis of Zionist Christian practice in apartheid South Africa, showing how Zionist ritual worked with the largest questions of power under a form of colonial capitalism. In this paper, I explore how dialectics of estrangement structure practices directed at the spirits of the dead in post-apartheid South Africa. I do so through an ethnographic study of the practice of building dwellings for the dead in the Zululand region, showing how this practice works with the legacies of political violence and labor migration, while enacting the deeply ambivalent production of forms of ethno-cultural difference.
Living and Praying in the Code: The Flexibility and Discipline of Indian Information Technology Workers (ITers) in a Global Economy
Authors: Amrute Sareeta
Published: September 2010

This paper uses Jean Comoroff's argument in Body of Power, Spirit of Resistance to reflect on the changing nature of religious practice in the contemporary world. It draws on Comaroff's method, which situates "religion" in a complex social, economic, and political field that is itself in the process of unfolding. Using Hindu practices among Indian IT workers in the diaspora as a case in point, the paper suggests that the forms of techo-scientific labor that IT workers are involved in demands certain types of religious practice that discipline mind and body. At the same time, engaging in those practices opens up challenges to dominant tropes around religious belief and worker disposition, since it creates critical spaces for reflection in the gap between religious practices, technological work, and the ideologies of transnational and national technological economies.
The "Dialectics of Toil": Reflections on the Politics of Space after Apartheid
Authors: Makhulu Anne-Maria
Published: September 2010

Sixteen years since the end of the liberation struggle South Africa's cities have become crucial spaces of self-determination and lively community democracy. Yet their form has changed very little instead highlighting the persistence of poverty (and racism) within neoliberal, post-apartheid capitalism that the transition promised to end. This article explores the enduring quality of deep economic and social marginalization, specifically in the context of Cape Town's informal settlements, which reflect both collective desires for "rights to the city" and their denial.
Accidental Histories, Post-Historical Practice?: Re-reading Body of Power, Spirit of Resistance in the Actuarial Age
Authors: Morris Rosalind C.
Published: September 2010

To read and reread Jean Comaroff's Body of Power, Spirit of Resistance today, more than two decades after its publication, is to be reminded of what historical anthropology can be, and to confront what it seems no longer capable of being. In this essay, I return to Comaroff's explicit analysis of the conjuncture of blood and money, and the less theorized figures of the car as the sign of foreign economic power in order to think again about the relationship between apartheid's economic history and postapartheid social forms. Exploring automobility as the condition of possibility for the peasant proletariat, I examine the doubled structure of fear and desire that has come to inhere in the figure of the car and the value of speed with which it is always associated—a value that functions both as the index of sovereignty and as the engine of its encompassment by global capitalism. South Africa's posthistorical predicament, like that which preceded it, remains deeply racialized. Today, however, the interpellation of subjects often takes place through private institutions, which operate in the space between accident and contingency, through the management of fear and the calculation of risk. These forces were shrewdly intuited in Comaroff's perspicacious analysis, long before speed acquired its autonomy and actuaralization had assumed its place as the dominant science of the new govenmentality.
Rethinking Africa through its Exclusions: The Politics of Naming Criminal Responsibility
Authors: Clarke Kamari
Published: September 2010

The African focus on the International Criminal Court (ICC) rule of law movement is far from incidental. It has everything to do with the identification of particular crimes as of gravest concern to humanity, crimes which, when viewed in political terms, foster cooperation by the majority of state parties. This article explores the workings of a global elite of liberalist lawyers and policy makers engaged in establishing what particular types of violence are considered part of an international moral and political agenda. I argue the ICC's emphasis on "command responsibility," conceptions of "justice," and human rights overlooks colonial history and its continuing postcolonial effects and the geo-political implications of resource competition.
Maori Cowboys, Maori Indians
Authors: Somerville Alice Te Punga
Published: September 2010

Reflecting on a short story in which two young Maori boys comment after watching a western film that "neither of us wanted to be an Indian," this article explores the layers of complexity inherent to comparative Indigenous studies. Maori engagement with the visual cultures of Cowboys and Indians suggests that Indigenous-Indigenous connection can itself be articulated as disjuncture or dis-identification. We expect Maori to identify with Indians, but how do we think about the moments in which Maori do not? Ultimately, recognizing differences between Indigenous people and centering the various effects of colonialism can produce the conditions for remaining committed to – rather than the reasons to depart from – the pursuit of ethical, grounded, careful comparative Indigenous work.
Experimental Encounters: Filipino and Hawaiian Bodies in the U.S. Imperial Invention of Odontoclasia, 1928–1946
Authors: Kim Jean J.
Published: September 2010

Through extensive dietary and dental surveys among infants and children living in Hawai'I starting in the late 1920s, medical researchers transformed immigrant and indigenous children's mouths into objects of pathological comparison, establishing sites of alternative empirical and epistemological contact that are endemic to U.S. Pacific empire. These studies resulted in the extension of odontoclasia, a veterinary diagnosis, from dogs to humans. As a dietary antidote, researchers recommended the wider consumption of poi, a starchy Hawaiian staple. Although this appears to be a novel endorsement of indigenous foodways predating contemporary activist efforts to reinstate traditional food cultures to support indigenous health, narrow technocratic specificity and the biomedical emphasis on the cultural rather than structural etiology of odontoclasia marginalized Hawaiian health by reducing morbidity to failures to conform to U.S. imperial modernity, which included industrial medical surveillance on plantations. Conversely, doctors credited plantations for saving Filipinos through successful imperial and hygienic assimilation.
A Dying West?: Reimagining the Frontier in Frank Matsura's Photography, 1903–1913
Authors: Mimura Glen M.
Published: September 2010

This essay is a critical analysis of the work of Frank Matsura, a Japanese immigrant photographer whose epistemological framework and, in many ways, visual rhetoric depart from the established canon of frontier photography, and the dominant ideas of the American West it promoted. Matsura's work merits greater scholarly attention, I argue, for the epistemological importance of its alternative vision of late frontier society, particularly with regard to its unique, complex and sensitive representation of Native Americans' continuing survival, adaptation, and resistance. Toward this effort, the essay identifies and appraises the larger discursive patterns that characterize his photography: his "commercial aesthetic" both of developing industries and of unpeopled, "timeless" natural photography; and his locally-specific and historicized visual rhetoric, more critically resistant to dominant commercial and ideological modes of representation.
Los Indios Bravos: The Filipino/American Lyric and the Cosmopoetics of Comparative Indigeneity
Authors: Sohn Stephen Hong
Published: September 2010

In American Sāmoa, lines are being drawn between immigrants from Western Sāmoa, Tonga and the Philippines, and the indigenous population. A close study of the 2007 Future Political Status report, as well as the responses to the closure of the Chicken of the Sea tuna cannery, demonstrate how anti-immigrant sentiment has grown, along with fears over the stability and survival of the local economy. Such tensions between American Sāmoans and immigrant workers have masked potential synergies in the struggles of both groups. This essay provides preliminary suggestions on how the goals of colonized indigenous groups might be combined with those of exploited working-class immigrants living in the same region. As part of the same U.S. colonial legacy, both groups have a historical basis for joining together and fighting against continued imperialism in the region. Each group could benefit from collaboration to contest colonial structures that constrain their daily lives.
Introduction
Authors: Lai Paul , Smith Lindsey Claire
Published: September 2010

In Native studies, many scholars propose "decolonization" as a guiding principle for Native scholarship and activism. This work generally presumes a non-Christian framework for decolonization, because the imposition of Christianity within Native communities is understood as part of the colonial process. But interestingly, some Native evangelicals are reading the same works cited above and are also applying decolonization as a guiding principle for biblical faith. This article will focus on one "unexpected place" for indigenous decolonization—Native evangelical leaders and organizations that circulate through the North American Institute of Indigenous Theological Studies (NAIITS).
Between Dangerous Extremes: Victimization, Ultranationalism, and Identity Performance in Gerald Vizenor's Hiroshima Bugi: Atomu 57
Authors: Sokolowski Jeanne
Published: September 2010

This essay discusses Gerald Vizenor's novel Hiroshima Bugi: Atomu 57 within the context of identity construction, foregrounding parallels between nationalist movements in post-World War II Japan and in Native American communities. Through an analysis of Vizenor's characterization of these nationalist movements, the author argues for a reading of the novel as critiquing the potential for these movements to devolve into the extremes of victimization or excessive cultural pride. The essay concludes with a focus on how Vizenor employs a musical metaphor to suggest an alternative to the dangerous extremes of nationalism, and as an exemplar of how cultural exchanges and interracial alliances can function to support efforts for survival in a postnational, racially hybridized and hybridizing world.
Decolonization in Unexpected Places: Native Evangelicalism and the Rearticulation of Mission
Authors: Smith Andrea
Published: September 2010

In Native studies, many scholars propose "decolonization" as a guiding principle for Native scholarship and activism. This work generally presumes a non-Christian framework for decolonization, because the imposition of Christianity within Native communities is understood as part of the colonial process. But interestingly, some Native evangelicals are reading the same works cited above and are also applying decolonization as a guiding principle for biblical faith. This article will focus on one "unexpected place" for indigenous decolonization—Native evangelical leaders and organizations that circulate through the North American Institute of Indigenous Theological Studies (NAIITS).
Attacking Trust: Hawai'i as a Crossroads and Kamehameha Schools in the Crosshairs
Authors: Rohrer Judy
Published: September 2010

American law in particular, renders indigenous claims inarticulable by racializing native peoples, while simultaneously normalizing white subjectivity through invocation of a colorblind ideology. The inherent contradiction in these two positions – race matters/race does not matter – is played out in the frictions surrounding lawsuits against native Hawaiian entitlements. This paper will look at recent litigation and political mobilization aimed at forcing Kamehameha Schools to eliminate the admissions preference it gives Kanaka Maoli (native Hawaiian) students. Kamehameha Schools is a large multi-campus private institution serving over 6,000 K-12 students in Hawai'i. It was founded in 1887 for the purpose of benefiting Kanaka Maoli youth. The attacks against Kamehameha Schools can be understood in the context of a recent discourse that represents all Kanaka Maoli preferences or entitlements as illegal racial preference, rather than part of efforts toward native recovery from the violences of colonization.
Toward a U.S.-China Comparative Critique: Indigenous Rights and National Expansion in Alex Kuo's Panda Diaries
Authors: Jin Wen
Published: September 2010

In his novel Panda Diaries (2006), Chinese American author Alex Kuo juxtaposes the Indian policies of the nineteenth-century U.S. with the Chinese government's efforts to integrate ethnic minorities into the project of socialist modernization during the Cultural Revolution. This comparison highlights the colonization of minority space that has occurred in the process of national expansion in both countries, thus constituting a form of double critique. The novel brings Native Americans and ethnic minorities in China into a virtual dialogue, laying a theoretical foundation for comparative studies of their experiences and possible strategies to build political alliances between them. It also intervenes in an emerging discourse in China that parallels the Chinese government's ongoing campaign to develop its western regions, which have a high concentration of minorities, with the American westward expansion, a parallel that largely serves as a justification for prioritizing the state's conception of economic and social development over minority interests.
Transnational Indigenous Exchange: Rethinking Global Interactions of Indigenous Peoples at the 1904 St. Louis Exposition
Authors: Medak-Saltzman Danika
Published: September 2010

When the St. Louis Exposition opened in 1904 it became host to the largest gathering of the world's Indigenous peoples to that date. However, questions about how Native peoples understood these transnational Indigenous interactions have remained largely out of the realm of academic inquiry—a fact often attributed to the "absence" of primary sources. This article counters such assertions by providing a rereading that interrogates colonial assumptions embedded in both archival materials and contemporary scholarly interpretations. By analyzing a candid photograph of two Native women—one Tzoneca, the other Ainu—taken at the fair by Jessie Tarbox Beals and utilizing Frederick Starr's journal, this article ultimately questions whether the Exposition's celebration of empire may have inadvertently served anti-colonial purposes. Namely, by presenting Indigenous participants with opportunities to forge relationships across the globe, a fact that may have served to inform the late 20th century emergence of a global Indigenous consciousness.
Kēwaikaliko's Benocide : Reversing the Imperial Gaze of Rice v. Cayetano and its Legal Progeny
Authors: Saranillio Dean Itsuji
Published: September 2010

Through the use of historically legible images and the spatial configurations of a lynching, Hawaiian visual artist Kēwaikaliko critiques the legal challenges emerging out of the 2000 Rice v. Cayetano Supreme Court decision in his artwork Benocide . Providing observations of the complex power relations between Native Hawaiians, Asian Americans, and whites, the artwork draws attention to the hidden aspects of colonial history and racist power that underpin both the authority of the courts and the legal assaults in U.S. occupied Hawai'i. Kēwaikaliko assembles various historical references to theorize on race and indigeneity challenging the sanctity of U.S. jurisprudence by implicating it in the maintenance of a violent colonial order dependent on antiindigenous genocide. By highlighting visuality, this essay traces how Benocide appropriates an imperial gaze blind to Hawaiian birthrights and reverses it upon settlers and collaborative Hawaiians making the violence of such an optic visible through the medium of visual art.
"Sowing Death in Our Women's Wombs": Modernization and Indigenous Nationalism in the 1960s Peace Corps and Jorge Sanjinés' Yawar Mallku
Authors: Geidel Molly
Published: September 2010

This paper explores the centrality of gender and sexual politics to both 1960s modernization discourses and anti-imperialist cultural nationalist ideologies through an analysis of Jorge Sanjinés' 1969 radical neorealist film Yawar Mallku , the text that led to the Peace Corps' expulsion from Bolivia. After outlining the development discourse that explicitly guided both the Peace Corps and the Revolutionary Nationalist (MNR) government of Bolivia and exploring the relationship of this discourse to the Bolivian radical and indigenous movements of the late 1960s, this paper reads Yawar Mallku in the context of these movements to arrive at an understanding how cultural nationalism in Bolivia became directed towards the developmentalist ideal of a masculine utopia whose construction would entail controlling women's bodies. Finally, the paper attempts to understand how indigenous women in Bolivia have articulated radical political visions within and in response to U.S. modernizing forces and indigenous cultural nationalism.
"Sioux Yells" in the Dawes Era: Lakota "Indian Play," the Wild West, and the Literatures of Luther Standing Bear
Authors: Burt Ryan E.
Published: September 2010

In 1902, in an era when the federal government endeavored to immobilize, disband, and assimilate the Lakota into the national body, Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West enabled Luther Standing Bear to leave Pine Ridge and, consequently, transformed his life and his life's work. Ultimately Standing Bear's literature, in particular his autobiography My People the Sioux (1928), was dynamically conversant with both Cody's and cinematic representations of American expansion that featured Lakota violence. While dismantling accounts, such as the Battle of Little Big Horn, central to Cody's narrative, Standing Bear grounded the veracity of My People in a Cody-esque rhetoric of "authenticity." The Lakota writer also engaged the rhetoric of white liberal reformers who equated racial "uplift" with private-property-owning American citizenship. In Land of the Spotted Eagle (1933) he blasted "progressives" whose beliefs threatened to destroy, because they failed to understand, the sophistication and value of Lakota society.
Indigeneity in the Diaspora: The Case of Native Hawaiians at Iosepa, Utah
Authors: Aikau Hokulani K.
Published: September 2010

The literature on indigenous immigrants in the diaspora tends to focus on their continued relationship to the homeland focusing in part on generational issues that emerge when subsequent generations, born in the "host" country, makes sense of their connection to an imagined homeland. My investigation of a Polynesian Mormon community at Iosepa, Utah asks how Native Hawaiians maintain our indigeneity not only in relationship to home, Hawai'i, but also to the native peoples upon whose lands we dwell, the Skull Valley Goshutes. When the analytical gaze shifts from the homeland to alternative contact narratives, we must recalibrate the way we see and understand how settler-colonialism is articulated with indigeneity. What responsibilities do diasporic indigenous people have to the indigenous people upon whose land they now occupy? The example of two waves of Mormon Polynesian migration to Utah, which occurred a century apart, offers an evocative case for interrogating these linkages.
Mexican Indigenismo, Choctaw Self-Determination, and Todd Downing's Detective Novels
Authors: Cox James H.
Published: September 2010

Todd Downing, the Choctaw author of ten detective novels published between 1933 and 1945, is one of the most prolific and most neglected American Indian writers of the twentieth century. In eight of the novels, Downing appropriates and refigures Mexican indigenismo —the official post-revolutionary celebration of Mexico's indigenous history and culture—to reveal evidence of the modern indigenous people obscured by indigenismo discourse. He also makes three extraordinary discoveries in the context of mid-twentieth-century American Indian literary and activist histories. He detects a persistent though enervated European colonial presence and a more potent neocolonial invasion of Mexico by U.S citizens. He also identifies a contested yet successful indigenous Mexican resistance to this invasion. Finally, Downing's literary model of self-determination in novels such as The Cat Screams anticipates the anticolonial discourses of the American Indian civil rights movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s and the literary renaissance that attended it.
Bridging Indigenous and Immigrant Struggles: A Case Study of American Sāmoa
Authors: Poblete-Cross JoAnna
Published: September 2010

In American Sāmoa, lines are being drawn between immigrants from Western Sāmoa, Tonga and the Philippines, and the indigenous population. A close study of the 2007 Future Political Status report, as well as the responses to the closure of the Chicken of the Sea tuna cannery, demonstrate how anti-immigrant sentiment has grown, along with fears over the stability and survival of the local economy. Such tensions between American Sāmoans and immigrant workers have masked potential synergies in the struggles of both groups. This essay provides preliminary suggestions on how the goals of colonized indigenous groups might be combined with those of exploited working-class immigrants living in the same region. As part of the same U.S. colonial legacy, both groups have a historical basis for joining together and fighting against continued imperialism in the region. Each group could benefit from collaboration to contest colonial structures that constrain their daily lives.
Not E-mailing Albert: A Legacy of Collection, Connection, Community
Authors: Somerville Alice Te Punga
Published: September 2010

Albert Wendt’s literary and critical legacy in the Pacific is well documented and loudly acknowledged; what is less widely recognized is his work as an anthologist. This article explores the impact of Wendt’s literary collections, focusing on the extent to which the regional anthologies have produced not only a record of writing in the Pacific but also connections between writers. Unlike the regional and national anthologies of elsewhere, which perform the task of representing the canonical tip of a large body of work, anthologies in the Pacific have often had a different job. Pacific anthologies have become archives of writing, repositories of elsewhere unpublished texts, sites of contestation, and—perhaps most significantly— articulations of a region.
Cowboys in the House of Polynesia
Authors: Salesa Damon
Published: September 2010

Despite Albert Wendt’s departure from the formal discipline of history as a graduate student, he has established himself at the center of an alternate, influential stream of Pacific history writing. This has turned on the crafting of a new relationship to the past that is radical and dissenting, not only against colonialism, but certain iterations of indigenous culture, politics, and tradition. Wendt pursues this not only through remembering ancestral lives and worlds, but also through inventions and innovative appropriations—such as the Samoan cowboy. Cowboys appear repeatedly in Wendt’s work, often at crucial junctures. But his utilization of the cowboy is not, as some might suppose, simply imaginative. As early as 1914 Samoans had appropriated cowboy films and narratives, and cowboys were to remain compelling and powerful features in Samoan life, as they were in other colonized locations from New Zealand to the Congo. The mythic qualities of the cowboy that appealed to some Samoans are much the same as those that Wendt orchestrates in his work through cowboys. The Samoans who laid claim to being cowboys were inhabiting a renegade, dangerous masculinity, one that was decisive and good, which opposed colonialism but which was also critical of many dimensions of tradition and local life. As such, the Samoan cowboy is a specially revealing figure not only for Wendt’s work, but for understanding the Samoan past.
In the Shade of the Banyan Tree
Authors: Najita Susan Y.
Published: September 2010

This essay explores the ways that Wendt’s early novel Leaves of the Banyan Tree and his most recent novel, The Mango’s Kiss, engage with the history of the Mau in Sāmoa, in the period leading up to Samoan independence and in that leading to the emergence of the Mau as an overt political movement for independence, respectively. I examine how the novels’ commentaries on indigenous practices of orality critique the ongoing adoption and appropriation of the discursive legacy of the Mau. In Leaves, the character Galupo’s Borgesian practices within the genre of the fāgogo mimic the adoption of the Mau’s discursive legacy by the postcolonial nation-state through a narrative of genealogical grafting. In Mango’s Kiss, a reversal of these dynamics occurs, wherein the oral tradition itself—and the genealogy of the Mau that emerges through it—is energized and motivated by the colonial archive. It is through the English trader Ralph Barker and a British novelist named Stenson, modeled after Robert Louis Stevenson, that the colonial archive is installed in village life, serving as a “fabulous” world, literally constructed out of colonial discourse—fictional and otherwise. As in Leaves, storytelling alters genealogy and history, determining what realities might be contained and conveyed through these forms. In Mango’s Kiss, the decolonizing process involves a dance between oral and written forms; the oral can accommodate imperial knowledge, but also undoes the claims to civilization of the indigenized Church. Oral practices are also challenged by written forms, even as the oral itself has profoundly accommodated the archive.
Gifted Flows: Making Space for a Brand New Beat
Authors: Henderson April K.
Published: September 2010

This essay discusses Albert Wendt’s incorporation of elements of hip hop culture in his literary and dramatic writing, and reflects on the relevance and usefulness of Wendt’s work to the author’s research on Samoan involvement in hip hop music, dance, and visual art. The widespread popularity of hip hop among diasporic Samoans is noted, as are the tendencies among some in Samoan communities to simplistically dismiss or criticize hip hop involvement as a sign of culture loss or a cause of disruptive behavior. In light of such critiques, the author credits Wendt for his consistent receptiveness to hip hop and the “space-making” gestures his work offers for a nascent Pacific hip hop arts movement.
Against Tradition
Authors: Mallon Sean
Published: September 2010

Albert Wendt’s career as a writer and academic is well documented. Less widely known are his contributions to cultural development through his service on advisory groups and boards for different institutions. To these roles he brought a strong intellect and influential voice as a cultural activist and administrator. In the early 1990s, Wendt was an adviser for two of New Zealand’s leading cultural institutions. One of his key interventions was to critique the use of the terms “tradition” and “traditional” in the representation of Pacific arts and cultural practices. In this article, I reflect on Wendt’s written and vocal protestations against the uncritical use of these terms by Pacific Islanders and others in cultural discourse in New Zealand. In particular, I analyze his influence on the curatorial representation of Pacific peoples at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
Albert Wendt’s Critical and Creative Legacy in Oceania: An Introduction
Authors: Teaiwa Teresia , Marsh Selina Tusitala
Published: September 2010

This special issue of The Contemporary Pacific features a selection of artists and academics who have emerged in the wake of Albert Wendt’s pioneering (and occasionally polarizing) career as the Pacific’s most prominent poet, novelist, essayist, academic, and painter. The contributors conscientiously grapple with both the possibilities and the problematics that his work has opened up for them. Taken as a whole, this special issue marks out the space of a contemporary Oceanic imaginary and politics that our contributors have been able to discover, revisit, claim, contest, expand, and depart from—all as a direct consequence of Wendt’s having traveled there first. This introduction delineates the significance of Wendt’s critical and creative legacy in Oceania by providing a brief précis of Wendt’s literary, institutional, cultural, and political achievements. It articulates the vision of this collection: that our generation of artists and scholars, and subsequent generations of Pacific public intellectuals must begin or purposefully continue to (a) draw on both scholarship and art as equally valid sources of critical and creative perception for the consolidation and invigoration of social and political analysis in Oceania, and (b) foster a sense of intellectual history to successfully navigate the ongoing challenges of representation by and for the Pacific.
A Search for the New Oceania
Authors: Whimp Graeme
Published: September 2010

Albert Wendt described the occasion of the writing of his groundbreaking and still influential 1976 essay, “Towards a New Oceania,” as the conclusion of “a return to where I was born.” It is clear that the return is from an immersion in some of the moribund elements of the postindependence Pacific, but the form of the return itself is by no means clear from a casual reading. Drawing on a variety of texts written before and after 1976, this brief investigation seeks to discover the location and, more importantly, the nature of that return. Discarding the possibility of the return being to then-Western Sāmoa or, indeed to any geographical location, or even of it being in any sense a temporal or traditional one, I turn to the possibility that the return is a metaphorical one to an Oceanic imagination originally encountered in the storytelling of Wendt’s grandmother and reemerging in the new Pacific writing of the 1970s.
Faculty and Staff Partnering With Student Activists: Unexplored Terrains of Interaction and Development
Authors: Kezar Adrianna
Published: September 2010

In this study, we build on two recent works (Gaston-Gayles, Wolf-Wendel; Tuttle, Twombley, and Ward, 2004; Slocum & Rhoads, 2008) that examine faculty and staff work with student activists, but expand the scope to include new questions such as why and how they partner with students, the impact of institutional context, and what role it might play in student development. We use the tempered radical theory to frame the study. The research project involved case study research of five campuses and interviews with 165 grassroots leaders. We believe the main contribution of this study examining faculty/staff and student partnerships for change was being able to identify the everyday, common, and humble ways that these groups work to create change on an ongoing basis that is often missed in literature that focuses on dramatic and radical events of student activism. We also believe that it is through these common and every day experiences that students have the most opportunity for student development because they occur regularly, provide ongoing opportunities to practice activism, and teach students the everyday skills of being a good citizen.
Parents' Divorce is More Strongly Related to the Self-Perceived Promiscuity and Drinking Behavior of Male than of Female College Students
Authors: Stringfellow Erica L. , McAndrew Francis T.
Published: September 2010

A study of 357 students (112 males, 245 females) responding to an online survey at a Midwestern liberal arts college revealed that males and children from divorced families perceived themselves as more promiscuous and drank more than did students from intact families. However, a significant interaction between the gender of the students and the parents' marital status revealed that this effect was due almost entirely to the responses of the males from divorced families being so much higher than any of the other groups. There were no significant differences in the frequency of reported actual sexual activity. The results are discussed in light of the importance of identifying the factors that place college students at risk for reckless drinking and sexual behavior.
Making It (or Not) on a Dime in College: Implications for Practice
Authors: Hornak Anne M. , Farrell Patricia L. , Jackson Natalie J.
Published: September 2010

This longitudinal, mixed-method study explores how the financial burdens of college attendance impact student involvement and experiences throughout the first year of college. The student participants at 4 Midwestern, public universities were engaged to describe their experiences throughout their first year as they navigated a complex and expensive system. The policy recommendations of this study implicate many functional areas and levels at the university including academic and student affairs.
Social Influence and Selection Processes as Predictors of Normative Perceptions and Alcohol Use Across the Transition to College
Authors: Abar Caitlin C. , Maggs Jennifer L.
Published: September 2010

Research indicates that social influences impact college students' alcohol consumption; however, how selection processes may serve as an influential factor predicting alcohol use in this population has not been widely addressed. A model of influence and selection processes contributing to alcohol use across the transition to college was examined using structural equation modeling among a sample of late adolescents ( N = 193). Results indicate selection processes occur as students transition into college with the opportunity to seek out and join new friend circles, while peer influence occurs once students have settled within a circle of friends at college. Implications for prevention of alcohol abuse are discussed.
Majority as Temporary Minority: Examining the Influence of Faculty-Student Relationships on Satisfaction Among White Undergraduates at Historically Black Colleges and Universities
Authors: Strayhorn Terrell L.
Published: September 2010

Using a sample of 215 White undergraduates attending HBCUs, this study examined through multilevel regression analyses the impact of faculty-student relationships on satisfaction with college. Faculty-student interactions were positively related to participants' subjective evaluation of their experiences in college, indicating that White undergraduates at HBCUs who engaged faculty frequently and in varied ways were more satisfied than their disengaged or less-engaged peers. Age and academic major also emerged as significant predictors. Taken together, the regression equation accounted for 19% of the variability in satisfaction scores. Implications for future policy and practice are highlighted, as well as recommendations for extending this important line of inquiry on "temporary minorities" in higher education.
Influences on College Students' Capacities for Socially Responsible Leadership
Authors: Dugan John P. , Komives Susan R.
Published: September 2010

This study of 14,252 college seniors from 50 institutions representing 25 states and the District of Columbia explored the influences of higher education on eight leadership outcome measures theoretically grounded using the social change model of leadership development. Hierarchical regression models explained between 31% and 40% of the variance in students' reported capacities across the eight outcomes. Results identified socio-cultural conversations with peers, faculty mentoring, and participation in community service as key influences which were complemented by findings related to the importance of leadership efficacy as an intermediate outcome.
Preliminary Evidence of the Reliability and Validity of a Quantitative Measure of Self-Authorship
Authors: Creamer Elizabeth G. , Baxter Magolda Marcia , Yue Jessica
Published: September 2010

This article presents preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of a measure of self-authorship derived from 18 items in the Career Decision Making Survey. The research conceptualizes a quantitative measure of self-authorship as a three-part score that reflects level of agreement with statements at each of the first three phases of development toward self-authorship. The instrument could be used to assess the outcomes of initiatives designed to promote growth in the development of self-authorship.
The Psychological Well-Being and Sociocultural Adaptation of Short-Term International Students in Ireland
Authors: O'Reilly Aileen , Ryan Dermot , Hickey Tina
Published: September 2010

This article reports on an empirical study of the psychosocial adaptation of international students in Ireland. Using measures of social support, loneliness, stress, psychological well-being, and sociocultural adaptation, data were obtained from international students and a comparison sample of Irish students. The study found that, although international students had high levels of social support and low levels of loneliness and stress, students were experiencing high levels of sociocultural adjustment difficulties and psychological distress. Significant differences invariables were reported across time, whereas differences between international and Irish students were also discovered. Suggestions for further research and for individuals working with international students are proposed.
Impact of the Headscarf Ban Policy on the Identity Development of Part-Time Unveilers in Turkish Higher Education
Authors: Seggie Fatma Nevra , Austin Ann E.
Published: September 2010

This qualitative study examines the impact of the Turkish higher education headscarf ban policy on the plural self-identities (i.e., as Turkish citizens, as Muslims, and as females) of part-time unveilers, female students who cover their hair in their private life but who remove the headscarf (or conceal it to appear unveiled) while at a Turkish university in deference to the policy. Findings indicate the headscarf ban seems to challenge, undermine, and make more difficult the development of the plural self-identities of these women and appears to encumber them with significant psychological challenges (e.g., managing guilt, anxiety, and fear).
“All this that has happened to me shouldn’t happen to nobody else”: Loretta Ross and the Women of Color Reproductive Freedom Movement of the 1980s
Authors: Nelson Jennifer
Published: September 2010

Loretta Ross exemplifies women of color feminist participation in and transformation of the women’s health movement of the 1970s and 1980s. Ross helped build a women’s health movement that by the late 1980s made the demands of women of color central. This movement was attractive to many women of color who had rejected the collapse of a broader women’s health movement into the abortion rights movement as too narrowly focused. Many women of color activists, including Ross, argued that the emphasis on abortion rights and choice failed to address the linked socioeconomic and community health issues confronted by many women of color and poor women. Ross’s work spurred coalition building among white women and women of color that focused on expanding reproductive justice and women’s health beyond legal abortion. By the 1990s these efforts had produced a vibrant and engaged feminist reproductive justice movement that promoted the socioeconomics of good health for all women.
Clear and Pregnant Danger: The Making of Prenatal Psychology in Mid-Twentieth-Century America
Authors: Eisenberg Ziv
Published: September 2010

Despite shaky evidence, American medical literature in the twenty-first century includes assumptions about the ability of expectant women’s psyche to impact their pregnancy. This essay argues that such notions are rooted in “prenatal psychology,” a discursive hybrid constructed by renowned psychiatrists in the 1940s and 1950s. Benefiting from the popularity of Freudianism and from women’s social status after the war, doctors like Karl Menninger, William Menninger, Helene Deutsch, and Flanders Dunbar fused traditional ideas about the power of women’s emotions to influence pregnancy with trendy ego psychology and psychosomatic theories. They argued that women who experienced difficult pregnancies, threw up excessively or miscarried, suffered from a problem that had a name: neurosis. Several leading obstetricians and gynecologists embraced these ideas and helped spread them in the professional literature, urging their colleagues to use talk therapy in the care of pregnant women.
From Breakthrough to Bust: The Brief Life of Norplant, the Contraceptive Implant
Authors: Watkins Elizabeth Siegel
Published: September 2010

This essay examines the history of Norplant from its development in the 1960s, to its approval by the FDA in 1990, through its tumultuous reception in American society, to its removal from the market in 2000. The rejection of Norplant by women was influenced by the social and political climate of the 1990s, in which a feminist health agenda, a consumerist ideology in health care, a growing tendency toward class action litigation, and increasing distrust of the pharmaceutical industry worked together to empower women to take charge of their reproductive decision making. The rhetoric of population control in the 1960s, when the pill and IUD were introduced, was very different from the language of individual choice that dominated in the 1990s, the era of Norplant. This investigation of Norplant extends the historical analysis of reproductive politics to the very end of the twentieth century.