bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital finance and renewable energy consumption: evidence from China
Authors: Yu Minli , Tsai Fu-Sheng , Jin Hui , Zhang Hejie
Published: May 2022

While digital finance and renewable energy consumption (REC) are two timely issues, it remains unclear whether the former affects the latter, especially in developing economies. This paper examines the impact of digital finance on China’s REC between 2011 and 2018 and explores the underlying mechanisms. Results show that digital finance, along with its coverage breadth and usage depth, significantly improved REC in China and that digital finance in the area of credit has had the most significant impact. Additionally, the results show that loan scale and income level are the main mediation variables, through which digital finance affects REC. The findings also suggest that economic growth and technological progress have increased REC in China, while carbon dioxide emissions have had no meaningful effect on this consumption. The results further indicate that policymakers must pay close attention to the role of digital finance when formulating policies on REC. To promote REC and environmental sustainability, developing economies like China should strengthen the breadth and depth of digital finance development, focus on the influence channels of digital finance, and promote economic growth and technological progress.
Autopsy findings in COVID-19 infection-related death: a systematic review
Authors: Sofizan Nik Muhammad Faiz Bin Nik , Rahman Ahmad Faiz Bin Abd , Soon Lai Poh , Ly Chng Kay , Abdullah Nor Zamzila Bt.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) has been declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. As of 28 November 2021, there were more than 260 million cases and nearly 5.2 million deaths caused by COVID-19. The most affected system by COVID-19 infection was the respiratory system although several other studies suggested multi-organ involvement with pathophysiology that was not clearly understood. Autopsy findings were beneficial to researchers to determine the mechanism behind these organ failures. The objective of this review was to summarize the autopsy findings related to COVID-19 death.

Method

Online literature search was conducted via online databases such as Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords inputted during the search were “post-mortem”, “autopsy” and “COVID-19” in title, abstract and keywords. The inclusion criteria were the topic related with the title of this review, published in 2020–2021, have full text available and in English language. Any articles that were not related, duplicated studies, review articles including systematic review and meta-analysis and in other languages were excluded.

Results

A total of 20 articles were included in this review. The articles reviewed were mostly case reports and case series while others were case-control and cohort study ranging from one to 348 cases. Majority were originated from the United States of America (USA).

Conclusion

The most frequent system described in autopsy findings in COVID-19 death was the respiratory system, with the most common histological finding of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Majority of the findings of other organs were related to chronic diseases.
Imaging diagnosis and management of primary spinal hydatid disease: a case series
Authors: Singh Neha , Anand Tushar , Singh Deepak Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background

Primary spinal hydatid disease (HD) is uncommon disease with significant morbidity. The diagnosis of this entity is not simple, unless the patient comes from an endemic area or has a history of HD elsewhere. Only few case reports and case series of this entity are available in the published literature. We report a series of three cases of primary spinal HD who had characteristic MR appearance and were managed successfully.

Case presentation

We report a series of 3 cases, two presenting with paraparesis and one with right lower limb weakness and hesitancy of micturition. MRI demonstrated multiloculated cystic lesion involving thoracic spine in two patients and lumbar spine in third patient. All the three patients were showing intraspinal extension with compression of neural structures. MRI features were characteristic of hydatid disease. All the three patients were managed surgically with gross total excision of the cysts followed by albendazole chemotherapy. Histopathology was consistent with hydatid cyst. Patients with dorsal spine disease showed improvement in motor weakness, but third one with lumbar spinal disease had to use foot splint for walking. None of the patient showed features of recurrence on follow-up.

Conclusion

Radiologist should be familiar with the typical and atypical manifestations of the disease and should keep it in the differential diagnosis of cystic spinal lesions. Radical surgical excision along with postoperative adjuvant albendazole chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment.
Analysis of codon usage patterns in open reading frame 4 of hepatitis E viruses
Authors: Shafat Zoya , Ahmed Anwar , Parvez Mohammad K. , Parveen Shama
Published: May 2022

Background

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a member of the family Hepeviridae and causes acute HEV infections resulting in thousands of deaths worldwide. The zoonotic nature of HEV in addition to its tendency from human to human transmission has led scientists across the globe to work on its different aspects. HEV also accounts for about 30% mortality rates in case of pregnant women. The genome of HEV is organized into three open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1 ORF2 and ORF3. A reading frame encoded protein ORF4 has recently been discovered which is exclusive to GT 1 isolates of HEV. The ORF4 is suggested to play crucial role in pregnancy-associated pathology and enhanced replication. Though studies have documented the ORF4’s importance, the genetic features of ORF4 protein genes in terms of compositional patterns have not been elucidated. As codon usage performs critical role in establishment of the host–pathogen relationship, therefore, the present study reports the codon usage analysis (based on nucleotide sequences of HEV ORF4 available in the public database) in three hosts along with the factors influencing the codon usage patterns of the protein genes of ORF4 of HEV.

Results

The nucleotide composition analysis indicated that ORF4 protein genes showed overrepresentation of C nucleotide and while A nucleotide was the least-represented, with random distribution of G and T(U) nucleotides. The relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis revealed biasness toward C/G-ended codons (over U/A) in all three natural HEV-hosts (human, rat and ferret). It was observed that all the ORF4 genes were richly endowed with GC content. Further, our results showed the occurrence of both coincidence and antagonistic codon usage patterns among HEV-hosts. The findings further emphasized that both mutational and selection forces influenced the codon usage patterns of ORF4 protein genes.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is first bioinformatics study evaluating codon usage patterns in HEV ORF4 protein genes. The findings from this study are expected to increase our understanding toward significant factors involved in evolutionary changes of ORF4.
Barriers and Facilitators of Implementing Automated Radiotherapy Planning: A Multisite Survey of Low- and Middle-Income Country Radiation Oncology Providers
Authors: McGinnis Gwendolyn J. , Ning Matthew S. , Beadle Beth M. , Joubert Nanette , Shaw William , Trauernich Christoph , Simonds Hannah , Grover Surbhi , Cardenas Carlos E. , Court Laurence E. , Smith Grace L.
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE

Global access to radiotherapy (RT) is inequitable, with obstacles to implementing modern technologies in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). The Radiation Planning Assistant (RPA) is a web-based automated RT planning software package intended to increase accessibility of high-quality RT planning. We surveyed LMIC RT providers to identify barriers and facilitators of future RPA deployment and uptake.

METHODS

RT providers underwent a pilot RPA teaching session in sub-Saharan Africa (Botswana, South Africa, and Tanzania) and Central America (Guatemala). Thirty providers (30 of 33, 90.9% response rate) participated in a postsession survey.

RESULTS

Respondents included physicians (n = 10, 33%), physicists (n = 9, 30%), dosimetrists (n = 8, 27%), residents/registrars (n = 1, 3.3%), radiation therapists (n = 1, 3.3%), and administrators (n = 1, 3.3%). Overall, 86.7% expressed interest in RPA; more respondents expected that RPA would be usable in 2 years (80%) compared with now (60%). Anticipated barriers were lack of reliable internet (80%), potential subscription fees (60%), and need for functionality in additional disease sites (48%). Expected facilitators included decreased workload (80%), decreased planning time (72%), and ability to treat more patients (64%). Forty-four percent anticipated that RPA would help transition from 2-dimensional to 3-dimensional techniques and 48% from 3-dimensional to intensity-modulated radiation treatment. Of a maximum acceptability/feasibility score of 60, physicians (45.6, standard deviation [SD] = 7.5) and dosimetrists (44.3, SD = 9.1) had lower scores than the mean for all respondents (48.3, SD = 7.7) although variation in scores by roles was not significantly different ( P = .21).

CONCLUSION

These data provide an early assessment and create an initial framework to identify stakeholder needs and establish priorities to address barriers and promote facilitators of RPA deployment and uptake across global sites, as well as to tailor to needs in LMICs.
Basket Trials: Review of Current Practice and Innovations for Future Trials
Authors: Hobbs Brian P. , Pestana Roberto Carmagnani , Zabor Emily C. , Kaizer Alexander M. , Hong David S.
Published: May 2022

Advances in biology and immunology have elucidated genetic and immunologic origins of cancer. Innovations in sequencing technologies revealed that distinct cancer histologies shared common genetic and immune phenotypic traits. Pharmacologic developments made it possible to target these alterations, yielding novel classes of targeted agents whose therapeutic potential span multiple tumor types. Basket trials, one type of master protocol, emerged as a tool for evaluating biomarker-targeted therapies among multiple tumor histologies. Conventionally conducted within the phase II setting and designed to estimate high and durable objective responses, basket trials pose challenges to statistical design and interpretation of results. This article reviews basket trials implemented in oncology studies and discusses issues related to their statistical design and analysis.
Scream Sound-induced Chronic Psychological Stress Results in Diminished Ovarian Reserve in Adult Female Rat
Authors: Xi Wenyan , Mao Hui , Cui Zhiwei , Yao Haoyan , Shi Ruiting , Gao Yane
Published: May 2022

It is well established that chronic psychological stress (PS) induces female reproductive dysfunction. However, the studies on the consequences of chronic PS exposure precisely targeting ovarian reserve are lacking. In the present study, we employed a chronic scream sound-induced PS model to investigate the potential effect of pure psychosocial stressors on ovary reserve. Female rats were subjected to scream sound stress, white noise, or background for 3 weeks. Animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation after stress for collection of blood or ovaries. Sex hormones were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The follicle number was examined by histopathology. Granulosa cell apoptosis of the ovaries was examined by in situ cell death detection kit. Finally, rats were mated with proven fertile male rats to study fertility parameters. Female rats exposed to scream sound were presented with reduced weight gain and sucrose preference, while immobility time in forced swim test and serum corticosterone concentration were significantly increased. Scream sound stress sequentially decreased plasma anti-Müllerian hormone and estradiol concentration, induced primordial and preantral follicles loss, augmented granulosa cell apoptosis in ovarian growing follicles, and eventually decreased litter sizes. Based on these results, we suggest that chronic PS induced loss of ovarian reserve by accelerated primordial follicle activation and destruction of growing follicles, which results in follicle depletion and decreased fertility.
Papillary Thyroid Cancer and a TERT Promotor Mutation-positive Paraganglioma in a Patient With a Germline SDHB Mutation
Authors: Alzahrani Ali S , Alswailem Meshael , Murugan Avaniyapuram Kannan , Alghamdi Balgees , Al-Hindi Hindi
Published: May 2022

Purpose

About 40% of paragangliomas (PGL) are due to germline mutations in one of several susceptibility genes. These genes rarely predispose to other non-PGL tumors. Here, we describe and functionally characterize a germline SDHB mutation in a patient who developed a BRAFV600E mutation-positive papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and a TERT promotor mutation-positive PGL.

Experimental design

A 28-year-old asymptomatic man was discovered incidentally to have a large left-sided mid-abdominal PGL and PTC. He underwent resection of the PGL and total thyroidectomy and neck dissection followed by I-131 adjuvant therapy for PTC. The histopathology revealed a high-grade PGL and a tall cell-variant PTC with lymph node metastases (T1b N1b M0). He soon developed PGL spinal metastases that have been rapidly progressing and is currently being treated with Lu177-dotatate therapy. Family screening revealed a positive SDHB mutation in the mother, a son, and a brother.

Results

In addition to the heterozygous SDHB germline mutation (c.688C>T, p.Arg230Cys), molecular analysis revealed a somatic TERT promotor mutation (C228T) in PGL (negative in PTC) and a somatic BRAFV600E mutation in PTC (negative in PGL). Functional studies showed a higher proliferation rate in the mutant compared with the wild-type SDHB.

Conclusion

Germline SDHB mutations rarely occur in patients with PTC and may contribute to its aggressiveness. Somatic TERT promotor mutations rarely occur in PGL and contribute to its aggressiveness and metastatic potential.
The developmental stage of the medulloblastoma cell-of-origin restricts Sonic hedgehog pathway usage and drug sensitivity
Authors: Smit Marlinde J. , Martini Tosca E. I. , Armandari Inna , Bočkaj Irena , Zomerman Walderik W. , de Camargo Magalhães Eduardo S. , Siragna Zillah , Meeuwsen Tiny G. J. , Scherpen Frank J. G. , Schoots Mirthe H. , Ritsema Martha , den Dunnen Wilfred F. A. , Hoving Eelco W. , Paridaen Judith T. M. L. , de Haan Gerald , Guryev Victor , Bruggeman Sophia W. M.
Published: May 2022

Sonic hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma originates from the cerebellar granule neuron progenitor (CGNP) lineage, which depends on Hedgehog signaling for its perinatal expansion. Whereas SHH tumors exhibit overall deregulation of this pathway, they also show patient age-specific aberrations. To investigate whether the developmental stage of the CGNP can account for these age-specific lesions, we analyzed developing murine CGNP transcriptomes and observed highly dynamic gene expression as a function of age. Cross-species comparison with human SHH medulloblastoma showed partial maintenance of these expression patterns, and highlighted low primary cilium expression as hallmark of infant medulloblastoma and early embryonic CGNPs. This coincided with reduced responsiveness to upstream SHH pathway component Smoothened, whereas sensitivity to downstream components SUFU and GLI family proteins was retained. Together, these findings can explain the preference for SUFU mutations in infant medulloblastoma and suggest that drugs targeting the downstream SHH pathway will be most appropriate for infant patients.
Low Threshold Amplified Spontaneous Emission from Multicolor-Tunable E,E-1,4-Bis(2-trifluoromethylstyryl)benzene Crystals
Authors: Mochizuki Hiroyuki
Published: May 2022

E,E-1,4-bis(2-trifluoromethylstyryl)benzene (2CF3) can form two types of crystals—one emitting purple-blue (vF-2CF3) and the other emitting green (gF-2CF3)—by simply drop-casting its solution onto polydimethylpolysiloxane. Subjecting vF-2CF3 to a N2 laser excitation causes it to exhibit amplified spontaneous emission with a low threshold of 6.8 µJ cm−2.
Children and the US Social Safety Net: Balancing Disincentives for Adults and Benefits for Children
Authors: Aizer Anna , Hoynes Hilary , Lleras-Muney Adriana
Published: May 2022

Economic research on the safety net has evolved over time, moving away from a focus on the negative incentive effects of means-tested assistance on employment, earnings, marriage, and fertility to include the potential positive benefits of such programs to children. Initially, this research on benefits to children focused on short-run impacts, but as we accumulated knowledge about skill production and better data became available, the research evolved further to include important long-run economic outcomes such as employment, earnings, and mortality. Once the positive long-run benefits to children are considered, many safety net programs are cost-effective. However, the current government practice of limiting the time horizon for cost-benefit calculations of policy initiatives often fails to take this into account. Finally, we discuss why child poverty in the United States is still higher than most OECD countries and how research on children and the safety net can better inform policy-making.
Should We Insure Workers or Jobs During Recessions?
Authors: Giupponi Giulia , Landais Camille , Lapeyre Alice
Published: May 2022

What is the most efficient way to respond to recessions in the labor market? To this question, policymakers on the two sides of the pond gave diametrically opposed answers during the COVID-19 crisis. In the United States, the focus was on insuring workers by increasing the generosity of unemployment insurance. In Europe, instead, policies were concentrated on saving jobs, with the expansion of short-time work programs to subsidize labor hoarding. Who got it right? In this article, we show that far from being substitutes, unemployment insurance and short-time work exhibit strong complementarities. They provide insurance to different types of workers and against different types of shocks. Short-time work can be effective at reducing socially costly layoffs against large temporary shocks, but it is less effective against more persistent shocks that require reallocation across firms and sectors. We conclude that short-time work is an important addition to the labor market policy-toolkit during recessions, to be used alongside unemployment insurance.
The $800 Billion Paycheck Protection Program: Where Did the Money Go and Why Did It Go There?
Authors: Autor David , Cho David , Crane Leland D. , Goldar Mita , Lutz Byron , Montes Joshua , Peterman William B. , Ratner David , Villar Daniel , Yildirmaz Ahu
Published: May 2022

The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) provided small businesses with roughly $800 billion dollars in uncollateralized, low-interest loans during the pandemic, almost all of which will be forgiven. With 94 percent of small businesses ultimately receiving one or more loans, the PPP nearly saturated its market in just two months. We estimate that the program cumulatively preserved between 2 and 3 million job-years of employment over 14 months at a cost of $169K to $258K per job-year retained. These numbers imply that only 23 to 34 percent of PPP dollars went directly to workers who would otherwise have lost jobs; the balance flowed to business owners and shareholders, including creditors and suppliers of PPP-receiving firms. Program incidence was ultimately highly regressive, with about three-quarters of PPP funds accruing to the top quintile of households. PPP’s breakneck scale-up, its high cost per job saved, and its regressive incidence have a common origin: PPP was essentially untargeted because the United States lacked the administrative infrastructure to do otherwise. Harnessing modern administrative systems, other high-income countries were able to better target pandemic business aid to firms in financial distress. Building similar capacity in the U.S. would enable improved targeting when the next pandemic or other large-scale economic emergency inevitably arises.
Pattern changes of cutaneous dermatoses among Iraqi women preceding and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: A. Abdullah Galawish
Published: May 2022

Background: We compared the pattern of cutaneous dermatoses among Iraqi females of all ages between 4 months preceding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and the same months 1 year later within the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, that targeted all female patients attending an outpatient clinic for dermatology and venereology in Al-Kindy teaching hospital, Baghdad between October 2019 to the end of January 2020, and the same 4-month duration 1 year later (October 2020 to the end of January 2021) after the COVID-19 peak period had passed and there was no or partial curfew to exclude seasonal impact.

Results: A total of 2657 female-patients of all ages were enrolled in this study with 1314 females during the 4 months pre COVID-19, and 1343 females during the pandemic. The mean age of patients presented before the pandemic was 27.2±16.6 years, while the mean age of patients during the pandemic was 28.1±15.6 years with no statistically significant difference in mean ages (P >0.05). Hair loss in general with telogen effluvium specifically increased significantly. Cutaneous contagious viral infections were reduced significantly and specifically of these molluscum contagiosum and condylomata accuminata. Other forms of infections including bacterial and parasitic were also reduced while dermatophytosis was increased but not to a significant level. Acne vulgaris, rosacea, lichen planus, urticaria, pityriasis rosea, seborrheic dermatitis, and vitiligo were increased, but psoriasis, alopecia areata, other types of dermatitis, and melasma were reduced but none to a significant level.

Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in changes in the pattern of diseases presented to an out-patient clinic for dermatology and venereology. This could be either related to COVID-19 infection or stress associated with the pandemic, because of curfew, or wearing facemasks which may cause a decrease or increase in certain diseases.
What and how do different stakeholders contribute to intervention development? A mixed methods study.
Authors: Racine Emmy , O Mahony Lauren , Riordan Fiona , Flynn Gráinne , Kearney Patricia M. , McHugh Sheena M.
Published: May 2022

Background: UK Medical Research Council guidelines recommend end-user involvement in intervention development. There is limited evidence on the contributions of different end-users to this process. The aim of this Study Within A Trial (SWAT) was to identify and compare contributions from two groups of end-users - people with diabetes’ (PWD) and healthcare professionals’ (HCPs), during consensus meetings to inform an intervention to improve retinopathy screening uptake.

Methods: A mixed method, explanatory sequential design comprising a survey and three semi-structured consensus meetings was used. PWD were randomly assigned to a diabetes only or combined meeting. HCPs attended a HCP only or combined meeting, based on availability. In the survey, participants rated intervention proposals on acceptability and feasibility. Survey results informed the meeting topic guide. Transcripts were analysed deductively to compare feedback on intervention proposals, suggestions for new content, and contributions to the final intervention.

Results: Overall, 13 PWD and 17 HCPs completed the survey, and 16 PWD and 15 HCPs attended meetings. For 31 of the 39 intervention proposals in the survey, there were differences (≥10%) between the proportion of HCPs and PWD who rated proposals as acceptable and/or feasible. End-user groups shared and unique concerns about proposals; both were concerned about informing but not scaring people when communicating risk, while concerns about resources were mostly unique to HCPs and concerns about privacy were mostly unique to PWD.  Fewer suggestions for new intervention content from the combined meeting were integrated into the final intervention as they were not feasible for implementation in general practice. Participants contributed four new behaviour change techniques not present in the original proposals: goal setting (outcome), restructuring the physical environment, material incentive (behaviour) and punishment.

Conclusions: Preferences for intervention content may differ across end-user groups, with feedback varying depending on whether end-users are involved simultaneously or separately.
What influences a person’s willingness to share health information for both direct care and uses beyond direct care? Findings from a focus group study in Ireland
Authors: Flaherty Sarah Jane , Duggan Catherine , O'Connor Laura , Foley Barbara , Flynn Rachel
Published: May 2022

Background: The sharing of health information is invaluable for direct care provision and reasons beyond direct care, such as for health services management. Previous studies have shown that willingness to share health information is influenced by an individual’s trust in a healthcare professional or organisation, privacy and security concerns, and fear of discrimination based on sensitive information. The importance of engaging the public in policy and practice development relating to the use and sharing of health information has been identified as an essential step for countries to take. This study’s aim was to examine the factors that influence the Irish public’s willingness to share their health information as part of a national public engagement on health information.

Methods: A qualitative study using online focus groups was conducted as part of a wider national public engagement on health information. Participants were purposively recruited from a combination of public, patient, and service user groups in Ireland. Focus group interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive content analysis.

Results: In total, 85 participants took part in 14 focus groups between January and March 2021. Two major themes were identified, trust and personal and public benefits of sharing health information. The ability to exercise control over personal information, perceived transparency of the process, and the extent to which the healthcare service was viewed as confidential, all influenced the level of trust a person held. Perceived benefits were influenced by the extent to which participants believed information sharing would support improved care or provide broader public benefit, and balanced against the potential for personal harm.

Conclusions: The findings allow for new insights into the views of the public on the use and sharing of personal health information and can be used to inform the development of a consent model for health information.
Adapting a first- and second-year medical student psychiatric interview course for virtual learning
Authors: Curry Ashley , Butterfield Austin , Kunkle Leigh , Sakai Joseph
Published: May 2022

Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a first- and second-year psychiatric interviewing course was converted to a virtual platform with interviews performed via video conferencing. Telepsychiatry has been shown to be an effective modality for patient care, but little is known about the effectiveness of using this modality to teach the psychiatric interview. We sought to examine how switching to remote learning would affect the quality of the course.

Methods: We compared student course evaluations from 2019 (in-person) with evaluations from the 2020 (virtual). Using Likert scales, students were asked to rate their comfort in interviewing patients, discussing emotional and psychological topics, and documenting the encounter. Student responses were supplemented with qualitative feedback and input from faculty facilitators.

Results: We found no significant difference in student reports of their overall experience with the course, comfort with interviewing patients or with discussing emotional and psychological issues. The course reduced student self-reported stigma toward mental illness.

Conclusions: The virtual delivery of this course offers learners a very similar experience to an in-person course. Looking beyond the pandemic, this model could have applications in other institutions where geographic or other logistical considerations would impede the implementation of such a course in-person.
Development and implementation of a customised rapid syndromic diagnostic test for severe pneumonia
Authors: Navapurkar Vilas , Bartholdson Scott Josefin , Maes Mailis , Hellyer Thomas P , Higginson Ellen , Forrest Sally , Pereira-Dias Joana , Parmar Surendra , Heasman-Hunt Emma , Polgarova Petra , Brown Joanne , Titti Lissamma , Smith William PW , Scott Jonathan , Rostron Anthony , Routledge Matthew , Sapsford David , Török M. Estée , McMullan Ronan , Enoch David A , Wong Vanessa ,   VAP-Rapid investigators, Curran Martin D , Brown Nicholas M , Simpson A John , Herre Jurgen , Dougan Gordon , Conway Morris Andrew
Published: May 2022

Background: The diagnosis of pneumonia has been hampered by a reliance on bacterial cultures which take several days to return a result, and are frequently negative. In critically ill patients this leads to the use of empiric, broad-spectrum antimicrobials and compromises good antimicrobial stewardship. The objective of this study was to establish the performance of a syndromic molecular diagnostic approach, using a custom TaqMan array card (TAC) covering 52 respiratory pathogens, and assess its impact on antimicrobial prescribing.

Methods: The TAC was validated against a retrospective multi-centre cohort of broncho-alveolar lavage samples. The TAC was assessed prospectively in patients undergoing investigation for suspected pneumonia, with a comparator cohort formed of patients investigated when the TAC laboratory team were unavailable.

Co-primary outcomes were sensitivity compared to conventional microbiology and, for the prospective study, time to result. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to validate findings in prospective samples. Antibiotic free days (AFD) were compared between the study cohort and comparator group.

Results: 128 stored samples were tested, with sensitivity of 97% (95% confidence interval (CI) 88-100%). Prospectively, 95 patients were tested by TAC, with 71 forming the comparator group. TAC returned results 51 hours (interquartile range 41-69 hours) faster than culture and with sensitivity of 92% (95% CI 83-98%) compared to conventional microbiology. 94% of organisms identified by sequencing were detected by TAC. There was a significant difference in the distribution of AFDs with more AFDs in the TAC group (p=0.02). TAC group were more likely to experience antimicrobial de-escalation (odds ratio 2.9 (95%1.5-5.5)).

Conclusions: Implementation of a syndromic molecular diagnostic approach to pneumonia led to faster results, with high sensitivity and impact on antibiotic prescribing.
JOE BIDEN’S NICKNAMES IN POLITICAL CARTOON
Authors: SEREDINA E.V. , KISLITSYNA E.V. , BEKH E.F.
Published: May 2022

The article examines unofficial nicknames for Joe Biden, sitting president of the USA, in the light of political humour. All of the used nicknames express popular public opinion, highlighting the individual characteristics of the president and emphasizing his particular behavior. The common feature of the illustrated nickname is a mockery on the president constructed by adding vivid adjectives to his name.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: MOSKALENKO O.G. , YASKEVICH R.A.
Published: May 2022

A review of the literature on the actual problem of medicine - the factors influencing the decrease in the quality of life associated with health in patients with arterial hypertension presented. The study of QOL and the factors affecting it can contribute to an increase in the individual effectiveness of treatment and comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with hypertension.
Czy Duch Święty jest bohaterem Dziejów Apostolskich na równi z apostołami?
Authors: Blajer Piotr
Published: May 2022

Autor artykułu stawia prowokacyjne pytanie: Czy Duch Święty jest bohaterem Dziejów Apostolskich na równi z apostołami? Aby odpowiedzieć na to pytanie, autor analizuje zarówno słownictwo użyte przez ewangelistę Łukasza, jak i niektóre fragmenty Dziejów Apostolskich, w których jest mowa o Duchu Świętym. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje, że Duch Święty nie tylko uzdalnia apostołów do świadczenia o Chrystusie zmartwychwstałym, ale także prowadzi i kieruje ich misją. Należy zatem odpowiedzieć twierdząco na postawione pytanie. Apostołowie głoszą „Słowo Boże” ad ultimum terrae (Dz 1,8) dzięki mocy Ducha Świętego otrzymanego z wysoka. W ten sposób czynnik ludzki i boski nadal współdziałają i doprowadzają powierzoną im misję do urzeczywistnienia.
Going Beyond Deterrence: A Middle-Range Theory of Motives and Controls for Insider Computer Abuse
Authors: Burns A. J. , Roberts Tom L. , Posey Clay , Lowry Paul Benjamin , Fuller Bryan
Published: May 2022

Reports indicate that employees are willing to share sensitive information under certain circumstances, and one-third to half of security breaches are tied to insiders. These statistics reveal that organizational security efforts, which most often rely on deterrence-based sanctions to address the insider threats to information security, are insufficient. Thus, insiders’ computer abuse (ICA)—unauthorized and deliberate misuse of organizational information resources by organizational insiders—remains a significant issue for industry. We present a motive–control theory of ICA that distinguishes among instrumental and expressive motives and internal and external controls. Specifically, we show that organizational deterrents (e.g., sanctions) do not create motives for ICA, but weaken existing motives (e.g., financial benefits). Conversely, financial benefits and psychological contract violations create motives to perform ICA, and insiders’ self-control diminishes the influence of these motives. The implications for practice are threefold: (1) organizations should make efforts to reduce psychological contract breach for employees by increasing the congruence between expectations and reality to reduce expressive motives for ICA; (2) organizations should seek maintain personnel with adequate self-control to diminish the impact of harmful ICA motives should they arise; and (3) organizations should develop targeted sanctions for committing ICA to control the harmful influence of financial motives.
Visual and Verbal Means to Attract our Clicks: Multimodality in Youtube Thumbnails
Authors: Riyandi Shierlynda Winnindya
Published: May 2022

Pictures, color, tones, and motions have all been identified as modalities that help to create the meaning-making process. A multimodal message is made up as two or more modes work together to give meaning for the overall discourse. This article is to describe how the visual and verbal signs work together in constructing meaning in video thumbnails. This study is used as a descriptive research method. The data are thumbnails of the most-viewed videos in Close the Door podcast.  They were analyzed by employing Kress& van Leeuwen's Visual Grammar and Halliday’s Functional Grammar of language, especially ideational meaning of clause, transitivity. These are to explain the relationships between the images and the texts and elucidates the functions of images in meaning interpretation. Based on the analysis, all the thumbnails evoke a clear message video; they have no ambiguity and are in line with content of the video. Amongst 4 data, there are four types used; relational, mental, material, verbal with descriptive sentences by three data and one imperative.  In terms of MDA Visual, the videos have Lead, Display and Emblems as the relationships between the images and the functions of images in meaning interpretation.
Esquema [X de]conect em língua portuguesa: uma análise funcional centrada no uso
Authors: Rosário Ivo Costa
Published: May 2022

À luz da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso (cf. FURTADO DA CUNHA; BISPO; SILVA, 2013; AUTOR, 2016), este artigo tem como objetivo geral postular a existência de uma ampla rede construcional associada ao esquema [X de]conect em língua portuguesa. A hipótese central é que esse esquemaabriga, pelo menos, dois subesquemas aos quais estão ligadas diversas microconstruções conectoras responsáveis pela combinação de orações hipotáticas não finitas em língua portuguesa. Este estudo, marcadamente de viés teórico, adota uma metodologia de cunho qualitativo. Os resultados aferidos comprovam que instanciações do esquema [X de]conect distanciam-se dos seus usos prepositivos canônicos e passam a figurar no domínio da conexão interoracional.
LULADRÃO E BOLSONAZI: um estudo do neologismo como recurso avaliativo em mídia social
Authors: Mercuri Karen Tank
Published: May 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar criações neológicas como recurso avaliativo em mídia social. Para isso, foram analisados comentários sobre postagens da página de verificação de notícias, agência Lupa, no Facebook, próximo ao segundo turno das eleições presidenciais no Brasil. Devido à predominância de discursos de ódio, optou-se por analisar os neologismos que expressavam avaliação negativa desses candidatos e de seus apoiadores, sob a perspectiva dos campos semânticos do sistema de Avaliatividade (MARTIN e WHITE, 2005), na busca de possíveis padrões linguísticos. Para melhor compreensão de como os neologismos eram construídos, recorreu-se ao processo de formação de palavras da gramática normativa da língua portuguesa (CUNHA e CINTRA, 2016). Notou-se que há uma preferência pelo processo de composição por aglutinação e, em mais da metade dos comentários analisados, o neologismo acrescenta uma avaliação diferente do complexo oracional. Em termos de padrão, somente em relação ao ex-presidente Lula há um único tipo julgamento: o de propriedade.
A EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA COMO PERIFÉRICA PARA A PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL
Authors: Monteiro Felipe Vieira , Fernandes Edicléa Mascarenhas
Published: May 2022

A partir da realidade da marginalização da pessoa com deficiência e, consequentemente, da rotulação da educação inclusiva como periférica, este artigo pretende trazer um breve histórico da pessoa com deficiência até a criação das primeiras instituições especializadas. Apresentam-se também o desenvolvimento da educação até a perspectiva da inclusão, as conquistas através dos documentos oficiais, como convenções, declarações, leis, decretos e portarias, além do capacitismo estrutural na contramão desse crescimento. Por fim, há o relato de uma pessoa com deficiência visual sobre os obstáculos enfrentados para o acesso à educação e às tecnologias assistivas que podem ser utilizadas, tais como piso podotátil, sistema de áudio em paradas de ônibus, Braille, audiotexto, audiodescrição e recursos táteis que podem ser um grande auxílio para a confecção de mapas geográficos, de localização, maquetes e quaisquer outros elementos que contribuam para a construção do conhecimento. Concluiu-se que as barreiras atitudinais, arquitetônicas, metodológicas, programáticas, comunicacionais, entre outras, devem ser derrubadas para se alcançar a equidade.
ALÉM DO BURACO NEGRO: discursos misóginos sobre a mulher cientista no Instagram
Authors: Fernandes Gomes Kalem Kanyk , Vieira da Silva Francisco
Published: May 2022

Este texto analisa comentários produzidos na rede social Instagram acerca da notícia em torno da descoberta do buraco negro pela cientista norte-americana Katie Bouman, em abril de 2019. O objetivo consiste em analisar como esses comentários inserem-se no âmbito de uma prática discursiva misógina a qual concebe a mulher como um sujeito indigno a ocupar um lugar no campo científico. O corpus de análise é composto por oito comentários retirados dos perfis @comecorda e @uoloficial no Instagram. Para fundamentar as análises, parte-se principalmente da perspectiva teórica de Michel Foucault acerca do discurso, do enunciado, da prática discursiva, do saber e poder. Do ponto de vista metodológico, tem-se um estudo descritivo-interpetrativo de natureza qualitativa. As análises permitem observar que os comentários acerca da descoberta de Katie Bouman assinalam-se por efeitos de uma misoginia responsável por reduzir o feito científico da pesquisadora ao capricho de uma mulher curiosa, sexualizar o corpo feminino e descredibilizar o trabalho desenvolvido pela cientista.
“BRUNA FECHOU O GOL HOJE”: o futebol como tecnologia sexopolítica na Educação Física escolar
Authors: Amorim July Roberta dos Santos , Fonseca Michele Pereira de Souza da , Brito Leandro Teofilo de
Published: May 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as percepções de estudantes sobre o futebol como conteúdo da Educação Física escolar. Tomamos como base as noções de Biopolítica de Michel Foucault, Sexopolítica de Paul Preciado e a dialética inclusão/exclusão, como referências teóricas centrais, e operacionalizamos uma pesquisa-ação em uma escola pública do Rio de Janeiro, como parte do projeto de extensão Educação Física escolar na perspectiva inclusiva. A partir de propostas pedagógicas reflexivas e inclusivas, que se voltam ao reconhecimento das diferenças nas aulas, emergiu a resistência do futebol ser vivenciado de forma igualitária por meninos e meninas, entretanto reconhecemos que tal questão pode ser tensionada e desestabilizada com ações inclusivas nos espaços de aula.
Photonics-assisted joint communication-radar system based on a QPSK-sliced linearly frequency-modulated signal
Authors: Wang Shi , Liang Dingding , Chen Yang
Published: May 2022

A photonics-assisted joint communication-radar system is proposed by introducing a quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK)-sliced linearly frequency-modulated (LFM) signal. An LFM signal is carrier-suppressed single-sideband modulated onto the optical carrier in one dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) of a dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPol-DPMZM). The other DPMZM is biased as an IQ modulator to implement QPSK modulation on the optical carrier. The polarization orthogonal optical signals from the DPol-DPMZM are further combined and detected in a photodetector to generate the QPSK-sliced LFM signal. The QPSK-sliced LFM signal is used to realize efficient data transmission and high-performance radar functions including ranging and imaging. An experiment is performed. Radar range detection with an error of less than 4 cm, inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging with a resolution of

14.99

c
m

×

3.25

c
m

, and communication with a data rate of 105.26 or 210.52 Mbit/s are successfully verified.
Tailored resonant waveguide gratings for augmented reality
Authors: Markowitz Matt , Cotrufo Michele , Zhou You , Stensvad Karl , Schardt Craig , Overvig Adam , Alù Andrea
Published: May 2022

We explore the use of tailored resonant waveguide gratings (RWG) embedded in a glass-like matrix as angularly tolerant tri-band reflection filters under oblique excitation. Through inverse design we optimize 1D grating structures to support multi-frequency narrowband resonances in an otherwise transparent background, ideally suited for augmented reality applications. In particular, we show theoretically and experimentally that a single RWG can be tailored to provide reflection levels larger than 50% under p-polarized excitation at three distinct wavelengths of choice, over a narrow bandwidth and within a substantial angular range around 58° incidence, while simultaneously eliminating ghost reflections from the glass/air interface. Similar performance can be achieved for s-polarization by cascading two RWG’s. Moreover, we demonstrate that these metrics of performance are maintained when the devices are fabricated using roll-to-roll techniques, as required for large-area industrial fabrication. Overall, these devices show exciting potential as large-area transparent heads-up displays, due to their ease of fabrication and material compatibility.
Spectrum sampling optimization for quantitative phase imaging based on Kramers–Kronig relations
Authors: Li Yutong , Wen Xiu , Sun Ming , Zhou Xuyang , Ji Yu , Huang Guancheng , Zhou Keya , Liu Shutian , Liu Zhengjun
Published: May 2022

Annular-illumination quantitative phase imaging based on space-domain Kramers–Kronig relations (AIKK) is a newly developed technique that is object-independent and non-iterative reconstructed inherently. Only capturing four low-resolution images, the AIKK system gains a resolution enhancement of nearly twofold. Under matching constraints between the illumination wave vector and pupil function aperture, we set a spectrum sampling criterion and establish a spectrum effective utilization model to search for the optimal solution of spectrum distribution for the specific annular structure. In view of the square spectrum structure, a diagonal-expanded sampling based AIKK method (DES-AIKK) is presented to get rid of the pixel aliasing problem. It is worth noting that the space–bandwidth–time product (SBP-T) further increases to 439.51 megapixels (1.8× of AIKK). Our work provides the guidelines and insights for designing the most suitable AIKK platform for high-throughput microscopic applications in pathology and real-time dynamic observation.
Nucleotide substitutions in the mexR, nalC and nalD regulator genes of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump are maintained in Pseudomonas aeruginosa genetic lineages
Authors: Aguilar-Rodea Pamela , Zúñiga Gerardo , Cerritos René , Rodríguez-Espino Benjamín Antonio , Gomez-Ramirez Uriel , Nolasco-Romero Carolina G. , López-Marceliano Beatriz , Rodea Gerardo E. , Mendoza-Elizalde Sandra , Reyes-López Alfonso , Olivares Clavijo Héctor , Vigueras Galindo Juan Carlos , Velázquez-Guadarrama Norma , Rosas-Pérez Irma
Published: May 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has different resistant mechanisms including the constitutive MexAB-OprM efflux pump. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mexR, nalC, and nalD repressors of this efflux pump can contribute to antimicrobial resistance; however, it is unknown whether these changes are mainly related to genetic lineages or environmental pressure. This study identifies SNPs in the mexR, nalC, and nalD genes in clinical and environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa (including high-risk clones). Ninety-one P. aeruginosa strains were classified according to their resistance to antibiotics, typified by multilocus sequencing, and mexR, nalC, and nalD genes sequenced for SNPs identification. The mexAB-oprM transcript expression was determined. The 96.7% of the strains were classified as multidrug resistant. Eight strains produced serine carbapenemases, and 11 strains metallo-β-lactamases. Twenty-three new STs and high-risk clones ST111 and ST233 were identified. SNPs in the mexR, nalC, and nalD genes revealed 27 different haplotypes (patterns). Sixty-two mutational changes were identified, 13 non-synonymous. Haplotype 1 was the most frequent (n = 40), and mainly identified in strains ST1725 (33/40), with 57.5% pan drug resistant strains, 36.5% extensive drug resistant and two strains exhibiting serin-carbapenemases. Haplotype 12 (n = 9) was identified in ST233 and phylogenetically related STs, with 100% of the strains exhibiting XDR and 90% producing metallo-β-lactamases. Haplotype 5 was highly associated with XDR and related to dead when compared to ST1725 and ST233 (RRR 23.34; p = 0.009 and RRR 32.01; p = 0.025). A significant relationship between the mexR-nalC-nalD haplotypes and phylogenetically related STs was observed, suggesting mutational changes in these repressors are highly maintained within genetic lineages. In addition, phylogenetically related STs showed similar resistant profiles; however, the resistance was (likely or partly) attributed to the MexAB-OprM efflux pump in 56% of the strains (only 45.05% showed mexA overtranscription), in the remaining strains the resistance could be attributed to carbapenemases or mechanisms including other pumps, since same SNPs in the repressor genes gave rise to different resistance profiles.