bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Метод вибору варіанта реалізації групового застосування безпілотних літальних апаратів
Authors: Артюшин Леонід , Кононов Олексій , Герасименко Володимир , Наусенко Богдан
Published: February 2023

Статтю присвячено науковій проблематиці передпроєктного етапу створення нових видів високотехнологічних комплексів озброєння, а саме безпосередньо, апріорному обґрунтуванню вибору варіанта реалізації. Як предметну область розглянуто групове застосування безпілотних літальних апаратів. Пропонується ймовірнісний метод обґрунтування вибору. Функціонування системи “група безпілотних літальних апаратів - засоби протиповітряної оборони противника - об'єкт застосування” описується марковськими ймовірнісними моделями зміни дискретних станів у безперервному часі. У них враховується можливість диференціації інтенсивностей потоків подій залежно від станів. Доводиться, що для групового застосування безпілотних літальних апаратів можливість диференціації інтенсивностей залежно від станів не порушує вимог стаціонарності, ординарності та відсутності післядії потоків подій.

Сутність методу полягає у визначенні переваги варіантів за результатами послідовного аналізу їхніх фундаментальних властивостей. На першому етапі визначається відповідність необхідним умовам результативності групового застосування. Для порівняння пропонується застосовувати формат умови, який враховує можливість диференціації інтенсивностей потоків подій залежно від станів. На другому етапі аналізуються граничні ймовірнісні можливості аналізованих варіантів реалізації. На третьому етапі порівнюються найімовірніші ресурсні витрати, що необхідні для виконання поставлених бойових завдань. Як базис порівняння розглядаються не вартості ресурсів, а абсолютні кількісні значення. У разі неможливості визначення переваги на попередніх етапах, на четвертому етапі варіанти порівнюються за запропонованим інтегральним критерієм-згорткою. Для забезпечення об'єктивності вибору розглядається можливість визначення вагових коефіцієнтів критерію-згортки як відомими експертними методами, так й із застосуванням штучних нейронних мереж.

Відсутність необхідності прив'язки до конкретних льотно-технічних, конструктивних, динамічних особливостей літальних апаратів, специфіки схем застосування та керування дозволяє здійснити вибір варіанта реалізації з позиції найбільш загальних, фундаментальних можливостей систем групового застосування безпілотних літальних апаратів. Єдиною принциповою вимогою результативного застосування запропонованого методу є відповідність марковським умовам потоків подій системи “група безпілотних літальних апаратів - засоби протиповітряної оборони противника - об'єкт застосування”.

Ця особливість запропонованого методу дозволяє здійснити вибір варіанта реалізації з позицій найбільш загальних, принципових властивостей систем групового застосування безпілотних літальних апаратів, що створюються, як елементів комплексів високоточного озброєння.
Методика оцінювання рівня організації об’єднаної підготовки сил оборони
Authors: Георгадзе Олександр
Published: February 2023

Необхідність впровадження нових підходів щодо організації підготовки сил оборони держави, на основі принципів та стандартів прийнятих у збройних силах держав-членів НАТО, зумовлено збройною агресією Російської Федерації проти України. Зазначене вимагає обґрунтованого підходу до питань удосконалення їх системи підготовки, що не можливо без використання відповідного науково-методичного апарату з оцінювання рівня організації їх об’єднаної підготовки.

У статті запропонована методика оцінювання рівня організації об’єднаної підготовки сил оборони, яка дозволяє врахувати вплив суб’єктів підготовки на проведення навчання об’єктами підготовки. До показників, які здійснюють безпосередній вплив на рівень організації об’єднаної підготовки сил оборони віднесено: рівень планування об’єднаної підготовки, рівень всебічного забезпечення об’єднаної підготовки та рівень керівництва об’єднаною підготовкою.

Оцінка рівня планування об’єднаної підготовки розраховується за залежністю, яка враховує кількість спланованих заходів об’єднаної підготовки у кожній із складових сил оборони з урахуванням рівня заходу до загальної кількості військових організаційних структур визначених для набуття об’єднаних спроможностей.

Оцінка рівня всебічного забезпечення об’єднаної підготовки розраховується за залежністю, яка враховує достатність забезпеченості заходів об’єднаної підготовки сил оборони навчальною матеріально-технічною базою, логістичним та фінансовим забезпеченням.

Оцінка рівня керівництва об’єднаною підготовкою розраховується за залежністю, яка враховує діяльність суб’єктів підготовки щодо надання практичної допомоги об’єктам підготовки та впровадження передового досвіду об’єднаної підготовки у практику діяльності підлеглих військових організаційних структур.

Дана методика дозволяє отримати кількісну оцінку рівня організації об’єднаної підготовки сил оборони, виявити проблемні питання в діяльності суб’єктів підготовки, надати обґрунтовані пропозиції Головнокомандувачу Збройних Сил України для прийняття рішення на організацію об’єднаної підготовки.
Розрахунок диференціально-тейлорівського спектру оберненої матриці та детермінанта при моделюванні динамічних систем
Authors: Ракушев Михайло , Філатов Микола
Published: February 2023

У статті отримано залежності для визначення диференціально-тейлорівського спектру оберненої матриці та детермінанта ‑ визначника матриці. А саме, для випадку якщо відомий диференціально-тейлорівський спектр вихідної матриці та матриця не є виродженою, що забезпечує існування оберненої матриці, розраховується диференціально-тейлорівський спектр оберненої матриці. При розрахунку диференціально-тейлорівського спектру оберненої матриці, використовується підхід, який подібний до методів лінійної алгебри для розрахунку оберненої матриці – метод квадратного кореня, або метод виключення. З використанням запропонованого підходу, рекурентна залежність для шуканого диференціально-тейлорівського спектру оберненої матриці потребує проведення тільки однієї процедури з обернення матриці, тобто безпосередньо операція отримання оберненої матриці проводиться тільки один раз. Зазначений підхід, дозволяє отримати функціональну залежність, яка є подібною до залежності з визначення диференціально-тейлорівського спектру частки від ділення двох функцій. При визначенні диференціально-тейлорівського спектру детермінанта, використовується залежність для отримання похідних від детермінанта. Використання описаного підходу, дає змогу отримати залежність, яка має зручну форму для програмної реалізації на ЕОМ. Запропоновані співвідношення є суттєвими при розробці та дослідженні матричних математичних моделей розроблених на основі математичного апарату диференціально-тейлорівських перетворень. Отримані залежності є подальшим розвитком теоретичних основ вітчизняного математичного апарату диференціально-тейлорівських перетворень академіка Пухова Г.Є.
Аналіз використання інформаційно-телекомунікаційної системи “Термінал” в інтересах сил оборони Києва
Authors: Ракушев Михайло , Зуйко Віталій , Пантюшенко Роман
Published: February 2023

У статті проведено аналіз використання інформаційно-телекомунікаційної системи “Термінал” для збору, обробки, обміну та відображення розвідувальної інформації в інтересах сил оборони Києва. Розглянуто фазу активних бойових дій при обороні Києва у березні 2022 року. Показано, що основною частиною розвідувальної інформації яка оброблялась через “Термінал” була інформація повітряної розвідки, що отримувалася безпілотними літальними апаратами. Розкриті основні підходи з побудови інформаційно-телекомунікаційної системи “Термінал” розробки вітчизняної компанії “Товариство з обмеженою відповідальністю “УкрСпецСистемс”. Проведено огляд основних можливостей комп’ютерної програми “Термінал”, вимог до програмно-апаратних засобів для робочих місць користувачів та серверу, описані прийняті рішення з побудови архітектури мережі, використання технології VPN тунелів та наведено практичний досвід використання інтернету із використанням терміналів “Starlink” для організації мережі. Наводяться кількісні показники виконання завдань обробки розвідувальної інформації з використанням інформаційно-телекомунікаційної системи “Термінал”. За результатами аналізу досвіду виконання завдань збору, обробки, обміну та відображення розвідувальної інформації через інформаційно-телекомунікаційну систему “Термінал”, визначені пропозиції з доопрацювання комп’ютерної програми “Термінал” в частині супроводження розробником.
Dificuldades no acompanhamento pré-natal em tempos de COVID-19
Authors: Oliveira Elayne da Silva de , Ferreira Juliete Lemos Ferreira , Oliveira Amanda Larissa Gomes Bonfim , Souza Marília Gabriela Nascimento , Rique Juliana , Silva Fernanda da Mata Vasconcelos
Published: February 2023

Introdução: Em 2020, o Brasil registrou 560 óbitos de gestantes por COVID 19; em 2021, já são 1.156, mais do que o dobro do ano anterior. Objetivo: Elencar as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos enfermeiros na assistência pré-natal em tempos de COVID-19. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases da Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Banco de Dados em Enfermagem (BDEnf), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Web of Science e SCOPUS através do cruzamento dos descritores “cuidado pré-natal”, “enfermagem obstétrica” e “infecção por coronavírus”. Resultados: O cruzamento dos descritores foi realizado e 181 artigos foram encontrados. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e leitura crítica dos artigos, cinco respondiam a pergunta de pesquisa e foram selecionados para amostra. Analisando a situação mundial depois da COVID-19, as pessoas já não são mais as mesmas do ponto de vista psíquico, e com as gestantes não seria diferente, a angústia, a ansiedade e a depressão se tornaram mais comuns em todos os ambientes sociais. Nesse ambiente, ter uma assistencia pré-natal é imprescindível na redução de danos. Conclusão: Portanto, sente-se a necessidade de mais contribuições científicas com este foco, para que haja argumentos em que todos os profissionais estejam envolvidos, incluindo um ponto de vista único visando amenizar as dificuldades dos enfermeiros na assistência pré-natal.
Dimensões dos cuidados paliativos entre familiares/cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos no contexto domiciliar
Authors: Nascimento Naelly Gonçalves do , Lima Fernando Conceição de , Oliveira Letícia Gomes de , Teixeira Elizabeth , Ferreira Darlisom Sousa , Garcez Juliana Conceição Dias , Ueno Thalyta Mariany Rêgo Lopes
Published: February 2023

Introdução: Promover a qualidade de vida ao usuário com diagnóstico de doença em estágio terminal e que necessita de cuidados paliativos é uma forma de cuidar que ultrapassa a patologia de base, com intervenção precoce dos cuidados paliativos, manejo adequado da dor, condução do caso em concomitância com realidade biopsicossocial, cultural, econômica e espiritual subjetiva. Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica sobre as dimensões dos cuidados paliativos oncológicos em domicílio para familiares/cuidadores. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados BDEnf, Lilacs, Medline e Scielo. Utilizaram-se os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde: “cuidadores” AND “cuidados paliativos” AND “domicílio”; cuidadores AND “cuidados paliativos” AND “qualidade de vida”. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados no período de 2015 a 2020, no idioma português, inglês e espanhol, disponíveis na íntegra e que fossem pertinentes ao tema. Resultados: Dos 16 artigos selecionados, foi possível identificar três categorias temáticas: I) Vivências de familiares/cuidadores, II) Dificuldades enfrentadas pelos cuidadores nos cuidados especializados e III) Qualidade de vida dos familiares/cuidadores. Conclusão: As dimensões dos cuidados paliativos apontam necessidades dos familiares/cuidadores no que tange ao apoio para que possam manter a qualidade de vida, refletindo diretamente no bem-estar dos pacientes.
Saúde e meio ambiente: um estudo sobre a qualidade da água em um Assentamento Rural em Ribeirão Preto, SP
Authors: Nakano Nataly Mieko , Meira Gabriel de Sousa , Rodrigues Bárbara Faustino , Zagui Guilherme Sgobbi , Machado Gabriel Pinheiro , Silva Thaís Vilela , Torre Guilherme Carnio Della , Santos Danilo Vitorino dos , Leipner Maria Lúcia Pontin , Machado Carolina Sampaio , Meschede Marina Smidt Celere , Segura-Muñoz Susana Inés
Published: February 2023

Introdução: As restrições sanitárias em assentamentos rurais brasileiros podem afetar a qualidade da água e implicar em efeitos adversos para a saúde humana. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade da água consumida em um assentamento localizado em Ribeirão Preto (SP). Métodos: O assentamento rural estudado conta com 6 poços artesianos para abastecimento público, no entanto a água não passa por nenhum processo de tratamento. Foram coletadas 234 amostras de água em 77 residências, distribuídas em 7 núcleos de base do assentamento. As amostras foram avaliadas quanto a qualidade microbiológica (coliformes totais, fecais e parasitas) e físico química (pH, turbidez e concentração de metais). Os resultados foram comparados com os padrões de potabilidade da Portaria nº888/21 do Ministério da Saúde brasileiro. Resultados: Observou-se que em 59,7% das amostras houve crescimento para coliformes totais, 13% para coliformes fecais e em 20,8% detectou-se larvas de helmintos. As análises físico químicas mostraram que em 28% das residências o pH esteve abaixo do recomendado. A concentração de metais mostrou-se em congruência com as recomendações brasileiras, com exceção do chumbo em duas residências. Conclusão: O acesso à água potável é um direito fundamental segundo a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), entretanto o estudo ratifica que a ausência de sistemas satisfatórios de abastecimento hídrico prejudica a qualidade da água consumida no assentamento e representa um risco para a saúde da comunidade.
SISTEMAS AGROFLORESTAIS AGROECOLÓGICOS
Authors: Teles Arantes Felipe Rafaella , Pinto Rayol Breno , Nery Fernandes Vasconcelos Bruno , Ferreira Sales Eduardo , Mongeli Peneireiro Fabiana , Silveira Franco Fernando , Duarte da Fonsêca Flavio , Gonçalves Nobre Henderson , Siddique Ilyas , Parron Padovan Milton , Ryohei Kato Osvaldo , Deane de Abreu Sá Tatiana , Steenbock Walter
Published: February 2023

Agroecossistemas de alta resiliência e eficiência ecológica são uma necessidade real da sociedade moderna. Os Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAF), caracterizados pela combinação de plantas arbóreas e espécies agrícolas, associadas no tempo e no espaço, se apresentam como uma alternativa promissora. Os SAF trazem os princípios de funcionamento dos ecossistemas florestais, decodificados pelos povos originários e, atualmente, compreendidos à luz da Agroecologia. No Brasil, existem várias experiências exitosas com SAF Agroecológicos nas cinco regiões do país, os quais promovem melhorias socioambientais, soberania e segurança alimentar e nutricional, restauração de áreas degradadas, e são provedores de inúmeros serviços ecossistêmicos. Neste trabalho, buscou-se traçar uma trajetória histórica e lançar um olhar para as principais perspectivas e desafios dos SAF nos diferentes territórios, compilando experiências e aprendizados dos cinco cantos do Brasil.
CRIAÇÃO ANIMAL AGROECOLÓGICA
Authors: Pinheiro Machado Filho Luiz Carlos , Bran Agudelo José Alfredo , Cristina Pereira Fabiellen , Schenato Bica Gabriela , Wendling Adenor Vicente , Silva Kazama Daniele Cristina , Kuhnen Shirley
Published: February 2023

Os sistemas agrícolas convencionais têm promovido desmatamento, emissão de gases de efeito estufa, perda da fertilidade de solos, dependência de insumos com consequente aumento de custos, o êxodo e a masculinização do meio rural. A alardeada produtividade tem servido mais para satisfazer os interesses do mercado, do que para atender às necessidades alimentares das pessoas. Os sistemas agrícolas que adotam práticas agroecológicas favorecem a provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos e alimentos de qualidade. A agroecologia é uma ciência multi, inter e transdisciplinar, capaz de sustentar sistemas agrícolas, incluindo a criação animal, reduzindo impactos ambientais, com produção de alimentos de qualidade, e rentabilidade econômica. Essa revisão objetiva contextualizar os desafios para a criação animal agroecológica e suas possibilidades de integração com a produção vegetal para equilibrar diversos benefícios nos âmbitos ambiental, sanitário e econômico.
Pediatric syncope: pearls and pitfalls in history taking
Authors: Yeom Jung Sook , Woo Hyang-Ok
Published: February 2023

Syncope is a heterogeneous syndrome with complex underlying mechanisms, hence, the spectrum of patients presenting with syncope is broad. The diagnosis of syncope begins with history taking, and an accurate diagnosis can be established through correct history taking and interpretation. Building and interpreting patient history are the main factors that cause a diagnostic yield gap between experts and nonexperts. The most frequent source of error is a clinician’s misconception rather than an inaccurate account of patient symptoms. Clinicians can have several diagnostic pitfalls while evaluating patient history, which can be avoided by in-depth understanding of the link between syncope pathophysiology and clinical clues. Furthermore, clinicians need to understand the clinical features of diseases that require differentiation from syncope, such as seizures. The use of confusing terms is one of the barriers that prevents accurate diagnosis and communication between doctors and patients. In this review, we address the terms of syncope and its essential history-taking components in connection with the mechanism of syncope.
Pelatihan Prosedur Ekspor Terpadu: Peningkatan Pengetahuan Bagi Calon-Calon Eksportir
Authors: Sakti Sri Handoko , Mais Rimi Gusliana , Noormansyah Irvan , Mustika Maya , Nursanita Nursanita
Published: February 2023

pelatihan tata cara ekspor terpadu ini dilakukan guna membantu para calon eksportir baru yang ingin mengembangkan pengetahuannya di bidang ekspor-impor dan juga sebagai jawaban atas permasalahan di era perdagangan bebas yang membutuhkan peran para pengusaha, khususnya mereka yang yang ingin memasuki pasar ekspor, baik itu dari perorangan, UKM atau Pengusaha yang ingin memasarkan produknya ke luar negeri sehingga juga dapat membantu pemerintah dalam meningkatkan penerimaan devisa negara.

Metode pelatihan yang diberikan para peserta adalah dengan memberikan materi-materi praktis yang selalu update dan diakhir pelatihan diberikan soal dan kasus serta praktek pembuatan dokumen-dokumen penting yang dibutuhkan untuk mendukung kegiatan ekspor mereka.

Hasil luaran dari pelatihan ini diharapkan dapat membantu peserta dalam membangun usahanya agar berorientasi ekspor, mampu bersaing di pasar internasional dan di era perdagangan bebas ini tidak hanya menjadi pemain lokal tetapi juga ke tingkat internasional. Untuk itu diperlukan peran seluruh lembaga pemerintah dan swasta baik dalam hal pembiayaan maupun dalam bentuk kemitraan dan pendampingan
Validitas Media Pembelajaran Matematika Menggunakan Aplikasi Powtoon
Authors: Yolanda Nela Sari , Laia Niscaya
Published: February 2023

The role of learning media in the learning and teaching process is an integral part that cannot be separated from the world of education. Learning media is anything that can be used to channel messages from senders to recipients, so that they can stimulate students' thoughts, feelings, concerns, and interests to learn. Seeing the importance of media in learning, it is necessary to develop learning media that are valid and suitable for use in the learning process. In an effort to develop learning media, validation is carried out on the media that is being developed, the purpose of validating is to find out and correct errors that exist in the learning media being developed. This study aims to determine the validity of mathematics learning media using the powtoon application. This type of research is research and development (Research and Development). Based on the results of the validation, it shows that the learning media developed is valid, it can be seen from the results of the validity given by the experts (validators), both subject matter experts and language experts. The validation results obtained were 81% for material aspects and 90% for language aspects.
Sialorrhoea: How to Manage a Frequent Complication of Motor Neuron Disease
Authors: Pellegrini Andrea , Lunetta Christian , Ferrarese Carlo , Tremolizzo Lucio
Published: February 2023

Sialorrhoea, the unintentional loss of saliva through the mouth, is the frequent complication of neurological disorders affecting strength or coordination of oropharyngeal muscles, such as motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MND/ALS) or Parkinson’s disease. Sialorrhoea might affect up to 42% of ALS patients, with almost half of them having poorly managed symptoms. Sialorrhoea can impair patients’ social life, while dermatological complications, such as skin rashes, may arise due to constant exposure to moisture. Moreover, the excess mouth-retained saliva in ALS patients may lead to serious complications, such as choking, which causes anxiety, and aspiration with the consequent pneumonia. The inclusion of a sialorrhoea-related item in the ALS functional rating scale testifies both the incidence and importance of sialorrhoea during the ALS clinical course. Because of the progressive nature of ALS, presence and severity of sialorrhoea should be assessed at every visit and, when present, active treatment pursued. Available treatments include behavioural therapy, i.e. techniques to enhance periodic swallowing of saliva, systemic or local anticholinergic medications, botulinum toxin injection, electron beam irradiation, and surgical techniques. This review paper briefly describes the available options with related side-effects and current guideline recommendations for managing sialorrhoea in ALS patients.
Clinical Significance of Apathy in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Muhammed Kinan , Husain Masud
Published: February 2023

Apathy, or lack of motivation, is increasingly recognised as a major factor affecting quality of life and prognosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Impacting every stage of the disease, including de novo cases, reports have suggested it can affect up to 70% of patients. Despite the pervasiveness of apathy in PD, challenges remain in its detection, clinical assessment, and treatment. Strong overlap with depression and anhedonia can complicate diagnosis, and although common features exist between all of these neuropsychiatric conditions, dissociations may be suggestive of different underlying brain mechanisms. Several lines of evidence have implicated frontostriatal reward and effort-related neural pathways in the genesis of apathy, but the precise processes remain to be fully elucidated. The mainstay of current approaches in the treatment of apathy rely on dopamine replacement, although there is growing evidence that support a potential role for other agents. This paper reviews the current understanding of this important non-motor complication of PD.
Pengaruh Komposisi dan Temperatur Material Biokomposit Terhadap Kinerja Kampas Rem Non Asbestos
Authors: Sholihin Muhammad Lazuardi Imani
Published: February 2023

This research is focused on developing and evaluating the performance of brake pads made of biocomposite from teak wood, coconut shell charcoal, aluminum and polyurethane resin. Asbestos material which is widely used in brake pads  friction material is carcinogenic which is harmful to health. Nine specimens with different material compositions were made to analyze their mechanical properties as brake lining friction materials. The results obtained in this study hardness will increase at higher specimen numbers. Specimen 10 as a comparison has a hardness level that is not much different from specimens number 6, 7, and 8. Wear of specimens with variations in material composition has a lower level of wear on specimens with higher hardness levels. Meanwhile, the effect of temperature and the interaction of the two variables has no significant effect on the level of wear.
COMPARISON OF THE FUEL CALORIFIC VALUE FROM PLASTIC PYROLYSIS WITH COMMERCIAL FUEL
Authors: Kamal Dianta Mustofa
Published: February 2023

Plastic, which is originated from petrolum, is possible to turn it to alternative fuel. Moreover in 2008, the estimated amount of midden in Indonesia reached 38.5 million tons per year with the largest compositions are organic waste (58%), waste plastics (14%), waste paper (9%) and wood waste (4%) (Ministry of Environment, 2008). Meanwhile in Depok City, the amount of waste which goes to Depok City’s landfill waste is 350-400 tonnes / day (Head of Technical Unit Landscape Depok City Sanitation Department, 2012). From the data, above, can be confirmed using plastic waste as an alternative fuel can be superior because plastic waste is the raw material which is cheap, easily processed, and can reduce environmental pollution. The processing of plastic waste into fuel conversion is done using a plastic waste machine with a continuous system, the working principle of heating at high temperature. Tests which are conducted in this study is to test the octane rating by bomb calorie meter, test anylizer gas emissions, and test octane gas chromatography. Plastic waste fuel, which is the outcome from plastic waste conversion machine with continuous system, can be used as fuel for vehicles, it is because the plastic oil calorific value 10 519 cal / g equivalent calorific value premium. This research is expected to address the scarcity of fossil fuels, and increasing public awareness of using alternative fuel, especially plastic waste fuel.
Pengaruh Temperatur Pemanasan dan Pendinginan Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Pada Proses Annealing Baja AISI410 Setelah Pengerasan
Authors: PRANOTO BAYU , Subagiyo Subagiyo , Hadi Samsul
Published: February 2023

Stainless steel has good mechanical properties compared to other materials for strength and hardness, usually will experience an increase in hardness after hardening. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about: Value of hardness and strength Impact of martensitic stainless steel annealed with variations in temperature and cooling. The research method used is an experimental method, namely by annealing martensitic stainless steel with variations in temperature and cooling rate. The results were tested for Impact and hardness using the Rockwell C (HRC) method with the category of Research Infrastructure development and science and technology in the field of Mechanical Engineering. The research results are expected to be used as an alternative to improve the mechanical properties of materials, especially in the annealing process. The level of technological readiness to be achieved: 2, because in this study a model is made to test the truth of the basic principle that the hardness level of martensitic steel in annealing is influenced by varying temperatures and cooling.
Pengaruh Fraksi Volume Terhadap Sifat Mekanis Komposit Forged Fiberglass Metode Compression Mould
Authors: Fakhruddin Muhammad , Mashudi Imam , Muzaki Moch. , Firmansyah Hilmi Iman , Pranoto Bayu , Wicaksono Hangga
Published: February 2023

Fiber-reinforced composites can be classified into two parts, namely short fiber composites and long fiber composites. Long fibers are stronger than short fibers. Long fiber (continuous fiber) is more efficient in laying than short fiber but short fiber is easier to lay than long fiber. Fiber length affects the processability of the fiber composite. Judging from the theory, long fibers can continue the load and stress from the stress point to the other fiber. In this study, the volume of chopped glass fiber composite with random matrix direction was varied with respect to polyester resin. Making forged fiberglass composites with the press mold method to minimize the occurrence of air bubbles during the composite molding process. Testing the mechanical properties of the forged fiberglass composite using the three-point bending and tensile testing methods. The expected result is the variation of the volume fraction of random chopped glass fiber to polyester resin. The TKT to be achieved from this research is TKT level 3, which is an analytical study that supports the prediction of the performance of the effect of the volume fraction between glass fiber and resin on the mechanical properties of the tensile and bending strength of forged glass fiber composites.
ANALISIS PROPERTI BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK DARI PLASTIK LDPE (LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE) DAN PET (POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) MENGGUNAKAN PROSES PIROLISIS
Authors: Anggara Mietra , Mesa Ajie Prana , Putra Mbulu Bernadus Crisanto
Published: February 2023

Plastic waste is an environmental problem that is hotly discussed in the era of globalization. Almost all people are starting to realize the dangers caused by environmental damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the properties of fuel oil resulting from the pyrolysis process for LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) and PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) plastics. The research method used is through experiments with the Pyrolysis process. In managing LDPE and PET plastic waste, namely the pyrolysis technique which can produce fuel oil. The types of plastic used in this study were LDPE plastic bags, garbage bags and PET juice plastic cups and mica plastic. This research was carried out using a temperature of 300 0C with a time of 1 hour and a mass of 1 kg of plastic to get different density results. The results showed that the plastic bag had an average value (density) of 0.929 g/mL, (viscosity) with an average of 0.565 m2/s and (Flash point) 410C, but the trash bag had an average (density) of 0.909 g/mL, (viscosity) with an average of 0.43 m2/s and (Flash point) 560C, then on plastic juice cups it has an average value (density) of 0.884 g/mL (viscosity) with an average of 0.575 m2/ s and (Flash point ) 350C, while mica plastic has an average density value of 1.074g/mL, (viscosity) with an average of 0.575 m2/s and (Flash point ) 420C. The results of pyrolysis of LDPE and PET plastic types are good fuels to use, namely pyrolysis fuel for PET plastic juice cups closer to premium, while the LDPE plastic type in the plastic bag category tends to be close to premium
Advances in DNA, histone, and RNA methylation mechanisms in the pathophysiology of alcohol use disorder
Authors: Cruise Tara M. , Kotlo Kumar , Malovic Emir , Pandey Subhash C.
Published: February 2023

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has a complex, multifactorial etiology involving dysregulation across several brain regions and peripheral organs. Acute and chronic alcohol consumption cause epigenetic modifications in these systems, which underlie changes in gene expression and subsequently, the emergence of pathophysiological phenotypes associated with AUD. One such epigenetic mechanism is methylation, which can occur on DNA, histones, and RNA. Methylation relies on one carbon metabolism to generate methyl groups, which can then be transferred to acceptor substrates. While DNA methylation of particular genes generally represses transcription, methylation of histones and RNA can have bidirectional effects on gene expression. This review summarizes one carbon metabolism and the mechanisms behind methylation of DNA, histones, and RNA. We discuss the field’s findings regarding alcohol’s global and gene-specific effects on methylation in the brain and liver and the resulting phenotypes characteristic of AUD.
Gadolinium-doped whitlockite/chitosan composite scaffolds with osteogenic activity for bone defect treatment: In vitro and in vivo evaluations
Authors: Xiao Fei , Shi Jingjing , Zhang Xinhai , Hu Min , Chen Kangming , Shen Chao , Chen Xiaodong , Guo Yaping , Li Yang
Published: February 2023

Reducing the incidence of bone defects caused by trauma and other primary diseases is an urgent task in modern society. In the present study, we developed a gadolinium-doped whitlockite/chitosan (Gd-WH/CS) scaffold and assessed its biocompatibility, osteoinductivity, and bone regeneration capacity for the treatment of calvarial defect in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. The Gd-WH/CS scaffolds possessed a macroporous structure, with a pore size ranging 200–300 μm, which facilitated the growth of bone precursor cells and tissues into scaffold. Results of cytological and histological biosafety experiments showed that both WH/CS and Gd-WH/CS scaffolds were non-cytotoxic to human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) and bone tissue, which demonstrated the excellent biocompatibility of Gd-WH/CS scaffolds. Results of western blotting and real-time PCR analysis provided a possible mechanism that Gd3+ ions in the Gd-WH/CS scaffolds promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs through the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway and significantly upregulated the expression of osteogenic related genes (OCN, OSX and COL1A1). Finally, in animal experiments, SD rat cranial defects were effectively treated and repaired with Gd-WH/CS scaffolds due to its appropriate degradation rate and excellent osteogenic activity. This study suggests the potential utility of the Gd-WH/CS composite scaffolds in treating bone defect disease.
High level expression of nicotinamide nucleoside kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its purification and immobilization by one-step method
Authors: He Jian-Ju , Liu Xin-Xin , Li Ying , Wang Zhe , Shi Hong-Ling , Kan Yun-Chao , Yao Lun-Guang , Tang Cun-Duo
Published: February 2023

Nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK) plays an important role in the synthesis of β -nicotinamide nucleotide (NMN). NMN is a key intermediate of NAD+ synthesis, and it actually contribute to the well-being of our health. In this study, gene mining technology was used to clone nicotinamide nucleoside kinase gene fragments from S. cerevisiae, and the ScNRK1 was achieved a high level of soluble expression in E. coli BL21. Then, the reScNRK1 was immobilized by metal affinity label to optimize the enzyme performance. The results showed that the enzyme activity in the fermentation broth was 14.75 IU/mL, and the specific enzyme activity after purification was 2252.59 IU/mg. After immobilization, the optimum temperature of the immobilized enzyme was increased by 10°C compared with the free enzyme, and the temperature stability was improved with little change in pH. Moreover, the activity of the immobilized enzyme remained above 80% after four cycles of immobilized reScNRK1, which makes the enzyme more advantageous in the enzymatic synthesis of NMN.
resVAE ensemble: Unsupervised identification of gene sets in multi-modal single-cell sequencing data using deep ensembles
Authors: Ten Foo Wei , Yuan Dongsheng , Jabareen Nabil , Phua Yin Jun , Eils Roland , Lukassen Sören , Conrad Christian
Published: February 2023

Feature identification and manual inspection is currently still an integral part of biological data analysis in single-cell sequencing. Features such as expressed genes and open chromatin status are selectively studied in specific contexts, cell states or experimental conditions. While conventional analysis methods construct a relatively static view on gene candidates, artificial neural networks have been used to model their interactions after hierarchical gene regulatory networks. However, it is challenging to identify consistent features in this modeling process due to the inherently stochastic nature of these methods. Therefore, we propose using ensembles of autoencoders and subsequent rank aggregation to extract consensus features in a less biased manner. Here, we performed sequencing data analyses of different modalities either independently or simultaneously as well as with other analysis tools. Our resVAE ensemble method can successfully complement and find additional unbiased biological insights with minimal data processing or feature selection steps while giving a measurement of confidence, especially for models using stochastic or approximation algorithms. In addition, our method can also work with overlapping clustering identity assignment suitable for transitionary cell types or cell fates in comparison to most conventional tools.
Modeling human liver organ development and diseases with pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids
Authors: Ouchi Rie , Koike Hiroyuki
Published: February 2023

The discoveries of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has led to dramatic advances in our understanding of basic human developmental and cell biology and has also been applied to research aimed at drug discovery and development of disease treatments. Research using human PSCs has been largely dominated by studies using two-dimensional cultures. In the past decade, however, ex vivo tissue “organoids,” which have a complex and functional three-dimensional structure similar to human organs, have been created from PSCs and are now being used in various fields. Organoids created from PSCs are composed of multiple cell types and are valuable models with which it is better to reproduce the complex structures of living organs and study organogenesis through niche reproduction and pathological modeling through cell-cell interactions. Organoids derived from iPSCs, which inherit the genetic background of the donor, are helpful for disease modeling, elucidation of pathophysiology, and drug screening. Moreover, it is anticipated that iPSC-derived organoids will contribute significantly to regenerative medicine by providing treatment alternatives to organ transplantation with which the risk of immune rejection is low. This review summarizes how PSC-derived organoids are used in developmental biology, disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. Highlighted is the liver, an organ that play crucial roles in metabolic regulation and is composed of diverse cell types.
Morphological and phylogenetic evidence reveal three new Pseudohydnum (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota) species from North China
Authors: Zhou Hong-Min , Bau Tolgor , Si Jing
Published: February 2023

Pseudohydnum is characterized by gelatinous basidiomata with hydnoid hymenophores and longitudinally septate basidia. In this study, samples of the genus from North China were examined morphologically and phylogenetically using a dataset of the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal RNA gene and the nuclear large subunit rDNA. This study describes three new species, namely Pseudohydnum abietinum, Pseudohydnum candidissimum, and Pseudohydnum sinobisporum. Pseudohydnum abietinum is characterized by pileate and pale clay pink basidiomata when fresh, with a rudimentary stipe base, four-celled basidia, and broadly ellipsoid to ovoid or subglobose basidiospores (6−7.5 × 5−6.3 μm). P. candidissimum is characterized by very white basidiomata when fresh, frequently four-celled basidia, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores (7.2−8.5 × 6−7 μm). P. sinobisporum is characterized by ivory basidiomata when fresh, two-celled basidia, ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, or subglobose basidiospores (7.5−9.5 × 5.8−7.2 μm). The main characteristics, type localities, and hosts of Pseudohydnum species are listed.
Dutch national climate change adaptation policy through a securitization lens: Variations of securitization
Authors: Mees Heleen , Surian Jana
Published: February 2023

Climate change has been framed as a threat to human security and has therefore become securitized, scholars argue. But what about the securitization of climate changeadaptationas a policy response to fight climate change? Adaptation has risen on political agendas worldwide, and a few scholars have found some early signs of the securitization of adaptation at UN/EU levels. This paper analyzes how and to what extent adaptation has become securitized at national level, studying The Netherlands as one of the frontrunners in adaptation. We compared the levels of securitization for different adaptation issues, based on content analysis of 19 general and sectoral national policy documents and 7 in-depth interviews with national policy makers and experts. Securitization is studied with respect to the discourses used to frame the climate as a risk or threat, and the actors and tools that are put forward to address the climate risk or threat. The results show that climate change has made Dutch adaptation to flood risks even more prominent: in the two most important national policy documents climate change is framed as a wake-up call to speed up the plans and actions of the longstanding Delta program to protect The Netherlands against flooding. We also see considerable differences between the levels of securitization for different adaptation issues. Water-related adaptation issues show signs of riskification, while the same cannot be said for adaptation to heat stress and drought. Furthermore, most attention goes to the governance of adaptation in the built environment, while neglecting the social and health care domains and the need to take account of the capabilities of at-risk citizen groups. By applying the securitization lens this research has yielded new insights into national adaptation policy development. Future research could develop a better understanding of how securitization tendencies travel across different governance scales; for instance, on how national level discourses influence securitization of adaptation at the local level.
Prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy for Chinese ACS patients undergoing emergency PCI with drug-eluting stents: Benefits and risks
Authors: Zhang Yong , Chu Chao , Zhong Zhong , Luo Yong-bai , Ning Fei-Fei , Guo Ning
Published: February 2023

Background

In patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) may reduce ischemic events and increase the risks of bleeding events differently in different ethnic groups. However, whether prolonged DAPT in Chinese patients with ACS following emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) will be beneficial or dangerous remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the potential benefits and risks of prolonged DAPT in Chinese patients with ACS who have undergone emergency PCI with DES.

Methods

This study included 2,249 patients with ACS who underwent emergency PCI. If DAPT was continued for 12 or 12–24 months, it was classified as the standard (n = 1,011) or prolonged (n = 1,238) DAPT group, respectively. The incidence of the following endpoint events was determined and compared between the two groups: composite bleeding event (BARC 1 or 2 types of bleeding and BARC 3 or 5 types of bleeding) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) [ischemia-driven revascularization, non-fatal ischemia stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac death, and all-cause death].

Results

After a median period of 47 months of follow-up [47 (40, 54)], the rate of composite bleeding events was 13.2% (n = 163) in the prolonged DAPT group and 7.9% (n = 80) in the standard DAPT group [odds ratio (OR) 1.765, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.332–2.338, p < 0.001]. The rate of MACCEs was 11.1% (n = 138) in the prolonged DAPT group and 13.2% (n = 133) in the standard DAPT group (OR 0.828, 95% CI 0.642–1.068, p = 0.146). The DAPT duration was further shown to be insignificantly correlated with MACCEs as per the multivariable Cox regression model (HR, 0.813; 95% CI, 0.638–1.036; p = 0.094). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups. However, the DAPT duration was a separate predictor of composite bleeding events according to the multivariable Cox regression model (HR 1.704, 95% CI 1.302–2.232, p < 0.001). Compared with the standard DAPT group, the prolonged DAPT group had substantially more BARC 3 or 5 types of bleeding events (3.0 vs. 0.9% in those with standard DAPT, OR 3.430, 95% CI 1.648–7.141, p < 0.001) and BARC 1 or 2 types of bleeding events (10.2 vs. 7.0% in those with standard DAPT, OR 1.500, 95% CI 1.107–2.032, p = 0.008).

Conclusion

The prolonged DAPT group had a considerably greater incidence of composite bleeding events than the standard DAPT group. No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of MACCEs between the two groups.
Adaptation timescales of estuarine systems to human interventions
Authors: van Maren D. S. , Colina Alonso A. , Engels A. , Vandenbruwaene W. , de Vet P. L. M. , Vroom J. , Wang Z. B.
Published: February 2023

Many estuaries and tidal basins are strongly influenced by various human interventions (land reclamations, infrastructure development, channel deepening, dredging and disposal of sediments). Such interventions lead to a range of hydrodynamic and morphological responses (a changing channel depth, tidal amplitude and/or suspended sediment concentration). The response time of a system to interventions is determined by the processes driving this change, the size of the system, and the magnitude of the intervention. A quantitative understanding of the response time to an intervention therefore provides important insight into the processes driving the response. In this paper we develop and apply a methodology to estimate the response timescales of human interventions using available morphological and hydraulic data. Fitting an exponential decay function to data with sufficient temporal resolution yields an adaptation timescale (and equilibrium value) of the tidal range and deposited sediment volumes. The method has been applied in the Dutch Wadden Sea, where two large basins were reclaimed and where long-term and detailed bathymetric maps are available. Exponential fitting the morphological data revealed that closure of a very large part of a tidal basin in the Wadden Sea initially led to internal redistribution and import of coarse and fine sediments, and was followed by a phase of extensive redistribution while only fine-grained sediments are imported. Closure of a smaller part of a smaller basin led to shorter response timescales, and these response timescales are also more sensitive to rising mean sea levels or high waters. The method has also been applied to tidal water level observations in the Scheldt and Ems estuaries. Exponential fits to tidal data reveal that adaptation timescales are shortest at the landward limit of dredging. The adaptation time increases in the landward direction because of retrogressive erosion (Scheldt) or lowering of the hydraulic roughness (Ems). The seaward increase in adaptation time is related to the seaward widening of both systems.
Variable model for mechanical parameters of soft rock and elastoplastic solutions for tunnels considering the influence of confining pressure
Authors: Dong Yucang , Zhang Hai , Wang Mingnian , Yu Li , Zhu Yongquan
Published: February 2023

The accurate understanding of the influence of confining pressure on the mechanical characteristics of soft rock and how to comprehensively consider this influence in the elastoplastic analysis of tunnels are the fundamental premises for the effective evaluation of the deformation control and stability of soft rock tunnels. Therefore, this paper firstly investigates the effect of confining pressure on the deformation and strength characteristics of phyllite and slate, using triaxial experiment results and proposed variable models for the mechanical parameters (E, v, c, φ) of soft rock with confining pressure variation. Secondly, according to the second stress state around tunnels and these variable models for the mechanical parameters of soft rock, a new elastoplastic solution for tunnels is devised, which simultaneously considers the effect of confining pressure on the deformation and strength characteristics of the surrounding rock. Finally, with the proposed elastoplastic solution, the effect of multiple factors (initial pressure, supporting force, and tunnel radius) on the stress and displacement of tunnel surrounding rock is analyzed.