bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning consciousness in managing water for the environment, exemplified using Macquarie River and Marshes, Australia
Authors: McLoughlin Craig A. , Kingsford Richard T. , Johnson William
Published: August 2024

Context Ongoing learning is essential for freshwater ecosystem management, but there is limited documentation of successful integration into management. Aims We aimed to increase learning-related understanding required for effective adaptive management of water for the environment, in water-stressed and contested river systems. Methods We developed a learning approach (requisite learning) for managing water for the environment, demonstrated with real-world examples from the Macquarie River and Marshes, Australia. Key results Four co-existing, interdependent learning types enable effective management of water for the environment: (1) ‘adjusting routines’, (2) ‘adaptive assessment’, (3) ‘changing practice’, and (4) ‘transforming governance’, exemplified by using management of water for the environment for the Macquarie River and Marshes. To enable and improve requisite learning, stakeholder social learning, and flexibility in governance arrangements, must develop. Conclusions Ongoing learning is essential for effective adaptive management. Understanding what requisite learning is and how capacity can be improved, will help achieve outcomes required of managing water for the environment. Implications Effective management of water for the environment is essential, transparently delivering environmental outcomes and accounting for decision-making. To do this, we need to improve explicit learning understanding by nurturing learning mandates and champions, fostering social learning, increasing flexibility in governance arrangements, and institutionalising learning.
Generating fuel consumption maps on prescribed fire experiments from airborne laser scanning
Authors: McCarley T. Ryan , Hudak Andrew T. , Bright Benjamin C. , Cronan James , Eagle Paige , Ottmar Roger D. , Watts Adam C.
Published: August 2024

Background Characterisation of fuel consumption provides critical insights into fire behaviour, effects, and emissions. Stand-replacing prescribed fire experiments in central Utah offered an opportunity to generate consumption estimates in coordination with other research efforts. Aims We sought to generate fuel consumption maps using pre- and post-fire airborne laser scanning (ALS) and ground measurements and to test the spatial transferability of the ALS-derived fuel models. Methods Using random forest (RF), we empirically modelled fuel load and estimated consumption from pre- and post-fire differences. We used cross-validation to assess RF model performance and test spatial transferability. Key results Consumption estimates for overstory fuels were more precise and accurate than for subcanopy fuels. Transferring RF models to provide consumption estimates in areas without ground training data resulted in loss of precision and accuracy. Conclusions Fuel consumption maps were produced and are available for researchers who collected coincident fire behaviour, effects, and emissions data. The precision and accuracy of these data vary by fuel type. Transferability of the models to novel areas depends on the user’s tolerance for error. Implications This study fills a critical need in the broader set of research efforts linking fire behaviour, effects, and emissions.
Lining the small intestine with mycobacteriophages protects from
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
and eliminates fecal shedding
Authors: Harman-McKenna Victoria K. , Eshraghisamani Razieh , Shafer Natali , De Buck Jeroen
Published: August 2024

Johne’s disease (JD), a chronic, infectious enteritis caused by
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
(MAP), affects wild and domestic ruminants. There is no cure or effective prevention, and current vaccines have substantial limitations, leaving this disease widespread in all substantial dairy industries causing economic, and animal welfare implications. Mycobacteriophages (MPs) have been gaining interest in recent years and are proposed as a promising solution to curtailing MAP infection. Using a well-validated infection model, we have demonstrated the preventative potential of MPs to protect dairy calves against MAP infection. Calves were supplemented daily with a phage cocktail from birth till weaning at 2 m of age and inoculated with MAP at 2 wk of age. Infection status was measured for 4.5 mo through blood, fecal, and postmortem tissue samples. Our findings highlight the remarkable efficacy of orally administered MPs. Notably, fecal shedding of MAP was entirely eliminated within 10 wk, in contrast to the infected control group where shedding continued for the entirety of the trial period. Postmortem tissue culture analysis further supported the effectiveness of MPs, with only 1 out of 6 animals in the phage-treated group testing positive for MAP colonized tissues compared to 6 out of 6 animals in the infected control group. Additionally, plaque assay results demonstrated the ability of phages to persist within the intestinal tract. Collectively, these results underscore the potential of orally administered MP cocktails as a highly effective intervention strategy to combat JD in dairy calves and by extension in the dairy industry.
Real-time single-molecule observation of incipient collagen fibrillogenesis and remodeling
Authors: Roth Jonathan , Hoop Cody , Williams Jonathan K. , Nanda Vikas , Baum Jean
Published: August 2024

The hierarchic assembly of fibrillar collagen into an extensive and ordered supramolecular protein fibril is critical for extracellular matrix function and tissue mechanics. Despite decades of study, we still know very little about the complex process of fibrillogenesis, particularly at the earliest stages where observation of rapidly forming, nanoscale intermediates challenges the spatial and temporal resolution of most existing microscopy methods. Using video rate scanning atomic force microscopy (VRS-AFM), we can observe details of the first few minutes of collagen fibril formation and growth on a mica surface in solution. A defining feature of fibrillar collagens is a 67-nm periodic banding along the fibril driven by the organized assembly of individual monomers over multiple length scales. VRS-AFM videos show the concurrent growth and maturation of small fibrils from an initial uniform height to structures that display the canonical banding within seconds. Fibrils grow in a primarily unidirectional manner, with frayed ends of the growing tip latching onto adjacent fibrils. We find that, even at extremely early time points, remodeling of growing fibrils proceeds through bird-caging intermediates and propose that these dynamics may provide a pathway to mature hierarchic assembly. VRS-AFM provides a unique glimpse into the early emergence of banding and pathways for remodeling of the supramolecular assembly of collagen during the inception of fibrillogenesis.
Improvement of a mouse infection model to capture
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
chronic physiology in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Duncan Rebecca P. , Moustafa Dina A. , Lewin Gina R. , Diggle Frances L. , Bomberger Jennifer M. , Whiteley Marvin , Goldberg Joanna B.
Published: August 2024

Laboratory models are central to microbiology research, advancing the understanding of bacterial physiology by mimicking natural environments, from soil to the human microbiome. When studying host–bacteria interactions, animal models enable investigators to examine bacterial dynamics associated with a host, and in the case of human infections, animal models are necessary to translate basic research into clinical treatments. Efforts toward improving animal infection models are typically based on reproducing host genotypes/phenotypes and disease manifestations, leaving a gap in how well the physiology of microbes reflects their behavior in a human host. Understanding bacterial physiology is vital because it dictates host response and bacterial interactions with antimicrobials. Thus, our goal was to develop an animal model that accurately recapitulates bacterial physiology in human infection. The system we chose to model was a chronic
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis (CF). To accomplish this goal, we leveraged a framework that we recently developed to evaluate model accuracy by calculating the percentage of bacterial genes that are expressed similarly in a model to how they are expressed in their infection environment. We combined two complementary models of
P. aeruginosa
infection—an in vitro synthetic CF sputum model (SCFM2) and a mouse acute pneumonia model. This combined model captured the chronic physiology of
P. aeruginosa
in CF better than the standard mouse infection model, showing the power of a data-driven approach to refining animal models. In addition, the results of this work challenge the assumption that a chronic infection model requires long-term colonization.
Plant, insect, and fungi fossils under the center of Greenland’s ice sheet are evidence of ice-free times
Authors: Bierman Paul R. , Mastro Halley M. , Peteet Dorothy M. , Corbett Lee B. , Steig Eric J. , Halsted Chris T. , Caffee Marc M. , Hidy Alan J. , Balco Greg , Bennike Ole , Rock Barry
Published: August 2024

The persistence and size of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) through the Pleistocene is uncertain. This is important because reconstructing changes in the GrIS determines its contribution to sea level rise during prior warm climate periods and informs future projections. To understand better the history of Greenland’s ice, we analyzed glacial till collected in 1993 from below 3 km of ice at Summit, Greenland. The till contains plant fragments, wood, insect parts, fungi, and cosmogenic nuclides showing that the bed of the GrIS at Summit is a long-lived, stable land surface preserving a record of deposition, exposure, and interglacial ecosystems. Knowing that central Greenland was tundra-covered during the Pleistocene informs the understanding of Arctic biosphere response to deglaciation.
A corpus-based study of subtitling religious swear words from English into Arabic
Authors: Sahari Yousef , Qassem Mutahar , Asiri Eisa Ahmad S. , Alasmri Ibrahim , Assiri Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Subtitling Hollywood films with religious taboo words for conservative and closed societies, such as an Arab
society, is a difficult task. This study investigates the dominant religious terms and functions used in Hollywood films and to
identify the dominant translation strategies used for them in Arabic subtitles and determines whether these strategies are source
language-oriented or target language-oriented (domesticating or foreignising). A corpus of 90 Hollywood films released between
2000 and 2018 is used to answer these questions; insights from descriptive translation studies are also taken (Toury, 2012). The corpus is analysed quantitatively and qualitatively using a
self-designed, parallel and aligned corpus of 90 films and their Arabic subtitles. Findings reveal that the functions of religious
taboo words have significant impacts on the choices of subtitling strategies. Foreignization strategies are used in roughly
two-thirds of all occurrences of religious taboo words despite the cultural distance between English and Arabic. Using Modern
Standard Arabic in Arabic subtitles limits subtitlers’ linguistic options. Furthermore, the nature of audio-visual translation
influences subtitler choices because the meaning of a word can appear on the screen as a gesture, image or sound.
The shadow drama
Authors: Andreasen Søren Mosgaard
Published: August 2024

This study examines how discursive polarization between majority populations and so-called non-Western immigrant
identities is enabled via verbal and visual metaphors in outputs by the Human Rights Service (HRS), a prominent Norwegian
extreme-right media outlet. Focusing especially on the HRS’s use of visual primary metaphors of cold and darkness, a contribution
is made to the existing literature regarding how right-wing outlets construct an image of immigrants and Muslims as threatening
Others. As such, the potential polarizing outcomes of the HRS’s visual primary metaphors are theorized to arise from a capacity to
invite certain forms of embodied cognition and implicitly associate the target identities with a range of negative emotions.
Ultimately, the HRS’s visual primary metaphors of cold and darkness are best understood as polarization vehicles that tacitly
support anti-social biases by leveraging the rapidity and efficiency with which subjects can respond emotionally to visual
information—especially fear triggers.
Enemy narratives
Authors: Bonnet Alma-Pierre
Published: August 2024

Within the fields of narratology, cognitive linguistics and discourse analysis, this article studies how “Vote
Leave” – the “respectable” side of the pro-Brexit debate –, used storytelling to frame an exclusionary conception of the British
nation. To do so, the article relies on a critical narrative analysis of the storytelling elements at the heart of a corpus of
official documents from the 2016 campaign, and argues that those Brexit narratives were instrumental in the creation of a nativist
conception of the British nation. The paper contributes to the rich literature on Brexit narratives by adopting an original
approach focusing on what we call “enemy narratives” and on how this type of narratives helped construct a restrictive
understanding of the British nation. The result will be correlated with the growing political polarization of post-Brexit British
society and the emergence of what some researchers consider as a culture war
A comparative study of transition oscillator strengths and static polarizabilities of the hydrogen atom confined in Gaussian potential
Authors: Liu Junbo , Lai Xiangjun , Hu Ji Xiao , Liu Aihua , Montgomery Jr Henry E , Kam Ho Yew , Guang Jiao Li
Published: August 2024

The multipole (dipole, quadrupole, and octopole) photon-absorption transition oscillator strengths for the ground state of hydrogen atom confined in Gaussian potential are investigated for a great variety of potential depths and confining radii. It is interestingly found that at fixed potential depth the gradual increase of confining radius shows first destructive and then constructive effect on the multipole oscillator strengths. Such an effect can be understood from the overlap between the initial and final states. Multipole polarizabilities of the system are obtained through the sum-over-states formalism where the contributions from both the bound and continuum spectra of the system are included. Although the separate bound and continuum contributions can not be determined accurately, due to the long-range nature of the Coulomb potential introduced by the nucleus, their summations can be obtained to reasonably good accuracy, leading to fast convergence of numerical calculations of multipole polarizabilities. The present results are compared with previous calculations available in the literature. Although good agreement is observed for the dipole polarizability, significant differences exist in the quadrupole polarizability and orders-of-magnitude differences appear in the octopole polarizability. The possible reason for such large differences is analyzed by comparing the sum rule of corresponding oscillator strengths.
Heating mode transitions in capacitively coupled CF4 plasmas at low pressure
Authors: Wen Hui , Schulze Julian , Zhang Quan-Zhi
Published: August 2024

Capacitively coupled plasmas operated in CF4 at low pressure are frequently used for dielectric plasma etching. For such applications the generation of different ion and neutral radical species by energy dependent electron impact ionization and dissociation of the neutral background gas is important. These processes are largely determined by the space and time dependent electron energy distribution function and, thus, by the electron power absorption dynamics. In this work and based on a particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision model, we show that the electron heating mode in such plasmas is sensitive to changes of the gap at a constant pressure of 3 Pa. At a gap of 1.5 cm, the dominant mode is found to be a hybrid combination of the Drift-Ambipolar (DA) and the α-mode. As the gap is increased to 2 cm and 2.5 cm, the bulk power absorption and ambipolar power absorption decreases, and the DA mode decays. When the gap reaches 3 cm, the α-mode becomes more prominent, and at a gap of 3.75 cm the α-mode is dominant. These mode transitions are caused by a change of the electronegativity and are found to affect the discharge characteristics. The presence of the DA-mode leads to significant positive electron power absorption inside the bulk region and negative power absorption within the sheaths on time average, as electrons are accelerated from the bulk towards the collapsed sheath. The heating mode transitions result in a change from negative to positive total electron power absorption within the sheaths as the gap increases. When accounting for secondary electron emission, the transition of the heating mode can occur at shorter gaps due to the enhanced plasma density and decreased electronegativity.
3D imaging and flow analysis of sandstone pore structure
Authors: Jian Lingchen
Published: August 2024

Micro CT technology can provide three-dimensional high-precision digital images with micrometer (or smaller) resolution, offering robust technical support for the study of the internal structure of rocks. Based on the data obtained from the CT scanning of Leopard sandstone, a series of image processes were carried out using the Avizo software to extract pore distribution. The watershed algorithm was employed to independently segment each pore, and the largest sphere algorithm was used to establish a sphere-tube model. Based on the constructed pore network model, quantitative analyses of the porosity, fractal dimensions, permeability, and other parameters of the sandstone sample were conducted. Moreover, the connectivity of the pores was analyzed using an automatic skeleton model. Results show: ① CT scanning digital core technology can not only visualize the three-dimensional connectivity and isolated pores of sandstone but also quantitatively characterize the pore structure parameters; ② The analyzed Leopard sandstone has a connected porosity of 13.76%, an isolated porosity of 0.53%, and the pore radius is mainly concentrated in the 0-70μm small pore range, occupying 76.1% of the total pore volume; ③ The lower the sample porosity, the higher the fractal dimension, indicating a more complex pore structure.
Application of nanomaterials for improving zinc-ion batteries performance
Authors: Chen Yixin
Published: August 2024

Extensive endeavours are underway to devise global strategies for energy storage, aiming to fulfil the burgeoning energy demands in the foreseeable future. While lead-acid batteries (LABs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently two common and widely used types of batteries, they are accompanied by environmental implications and safety apprehensions. In this context, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as an up-and-coming solution, exhibiting an economically viable composition and leveraging nanomaterials to enhance electrochemical performance and facilitate efficient energy storage. This passage delves into recent studies about incorporating nanoparticles in rechargeable aqueous AZIBs and evaluates their performance characteristics. A comprehensive analysis of eight studies has been conducted, scrutinizing various aspects such as electrochemical performance, stability, specific capacity, and charging rate. By juxtaposing these studies, noteworthy observations have been made regarding the impact of nanoparticles, along with insights into potential advancements for the AZIBs in the future.
Nanotechnology applied in lithium-ion battery electrode
Authors: Ma Junlong
Published: August 2024

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the device that are widely used to store energy for various applications such as electric vehicles. However, the application of the LIBs still faces limitations such as energy density, durability, charging speed and safety. Nanomaterials, which have at least one dimension under nanoscale, can offer some solutions to these challenges by modifying the properties and performance of the electrode materials. In this research, recent progresses and challenges of using nanomaterials as electrode materials for LIBs are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of nanomaterials are being discussed, such as nanoparticles, nanocoating, nanotubes, and nanocomposites, and their effects on the electrochemical behavior of the LIBs. On the other hand, some of the key issues and future directions for the development of nanomaterials-based LIBs are also being highlighted. This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview and perspective on the application of nanomaterials for better performance LIBs.
Assumption on the optimization direction of positive electrode materials and new methods for recycling electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wu Bingchen
Published: August 2024

With the increasing scarcity of non-recyclable resources such as international fossil energy and coal industries, representatives from various countries at the Paris Summit advocated the strategy of “carbon neutrality, carbon peaking” and promoted the use of recyclable resources, namely electricity. There are many ways to generate electricity, such as solar power, hydroelectric power, thermal power, tidal power and wind power. However, the method of mobile storage of electricity is relatively single - using batteries. The most widely used mobile battery currently is lithium-ion battery. This research will focus on the different choices of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, analysing and comparing their performance, functional stability, lifespan, capacity, price, and working conditions under extreme temperatures. At the same time, in-depth analysis will be conducted on existing electrode material recycling methods. Finally, the development direction of electrode materials with economic benefits and promising development prospects, as well as recycling methods that are more in line with economic benefits and increase resource utilization, are proposed.
Study on adsorption of scandium by iminodiacetic acid resin TP207
Authors: Su Wenrou , Wang Zhanzhao
Published: August 2024

Scandium (Sc) is a rare transition metal applied in unique electronic/alloy materials such as magnesium scandium alloy, aluminum scandium alloy, laser glass, superconductors, and electronic components. However, scandium is extremely hard to obtain. In this paper, the iminodiacetic acid resin TP207 was first applied for the recovery of scandium from a hydrochloric acid solution. The adsorption of Sc3+ by TP207 resin was analyzed by SEM-EDS, FT-IR, and XPS. It was found that the best adsorption time was 2 hours with the equilibrium adsorption rate reaching 99%. The saturated adsorption amount of resin was 0.05g/ml. This process involves the ion exchange of scandium ions with sodium ions on the resin and the chemisorption of scandium with the -COO- group. Furthermore, the TP207 resin exhibited a quasi-second-order kinetic mechanism towards Sc3+, which was the rate of adsorption is proportional to the concentration of the reactants. In addition, the adsorption of resin for Sc3+ is an endothermic reaction by calculating the thermodynamic parameters, and there is a 3.6% difference in adsorption efficiency between the two cycle experiments. In a word, the TP207 resin is a very promising adsorbent for Sc beneficiation from the HCl system.
Application of porous carbon nanoelectrode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Huishan
Published: August 2024

In order to achieve carbon neutrality and gradually improve the current global warming environmental situation, the world’s major research teams are committed to developing lithium-ion batteries with better performance, trying to use in various new energy facilities, such as electric vehicles, which can effectively reduce polluting gas emissions. Nowadays, many electrode materials that can improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries have been continuously emerging, such as carbon nanotubes and silicon-based nanomaterials. However, carbon nanotube electrode materials have the disadvantages of high irreversible capacity, voltage lag and high manufacturing cost, while silicon-based nanomaterials also have the drawbacks of volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity. Based on the mature research of carbon materials, extensive raw material sources and large reserves, completely non-toxic and low comprehensive cost, this research analyzes three new porous carbon nanoelectrode materials with high development potential, and shows their electrochemical performance advantages, such as high charge-discharge specific capacity, excellent rate performance, and low charge transfer impedance.
Application of cathode materials in lithium ion phosphate battery and its modification
Authors: Gu Jiadong , Yang Funa
Published: August 2024

Lithium ion batteries have been widely used in various fields, such as electric vehicles, due to their excellent electrochemical performance. Especially, introducing some functional materials into batteries can further improve battery performance. This research analyses the application of lithium-ion phosphate as the cathode materials of the batteries, with a particular focus on the structural characteristics and various indices of the modification of lithium iron phosphate battery cathode materials. The electrode material is systematically described, highlighting its advantages, disadvantages, and application range while emphasizing its crucial role in different electrochemical performance such as energy density and recyclability. In addition, the relationship between the electrochemical performance and structure properties of cathode materials in LiFePO4 is summarized by placing emphasis on nanoparticle characteristics, interface environment effects, and electrode structures. This research also presents a series of achievements in modifying lithium iron phosphate cathode materials. And it identifies areas that require improvement and looks forward to future challenges and developments in lithium-ion battery cathode materials.
Using multi-layer perceptron to predict sea surface temperature
Authors: Yan Xinyi
Published: August 2024

This study employs a Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) model to predict Sea Surface Temperature (SST) using Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) data collected by NASA over a period of 55 years. SSS is closely related to SST, as both are influenced by similar factors such as solar radiation, evaporation, and precipitation. The accuracy of these predictions is then evaluated through an error analysis, conducted on both annual and monthly scales. The results of this study indicate that the MLP model can effectively utilize SSS data to predict SST. However, it was observed that the model’s predictive performance varies across different seasons and regions. This study demonstrates that the MLP model is an effective tool for predicting SST based on SSS data. By employing a MLP to predict SST based on SSS data, this study contributes to the field of meteorology in several ways. However, further research and optimization of the model are needed to improve its predictive accuracy. Additionally, more data needs to be collected and the model’s performance needs to be validated across a wider temporal and spatial scale.
The road to carbon neutrality in the metallurgical industry: Hydrogen metallurgy processes represented by hydrogen-rich coke oven gas, short-process metallurgy of scrap and low-carbon policy
Authors: Guo Yuanchang , Wang Xinyi , Deng Kangze
Published: August 2024

With the acceleration of global industrialization, the concentration of carbon dioxide is increasing in the atmosphere, and its negative impacts have seriously affected all walks of human life, so achieving carbon neutrality has become an urgent task for achieving sustainable development. As an important energy-intensive industry, the metallurgical industry occupies an important position in the global carbon-neutral agenda. In China, the metallurgical industry is actively researching and developing a new green metallurgical model of “replacing carbon with hydrogen”, exploring the feasibility of utilizing renewable energy sources to produce hydrogen from electrolysis to reduce iron ore, and at the same time utilizing hydrogen-rich coke oven gas to get rid of the over-reliance on coke; at the same time, the government’s policies provide support and incentives to elevate sustainable development and technological innovation in the metallurgical industry. support and incentives to elevate sustainable development and technological innovation in the metallurgical industry. Against this background, this paper describes the key initiatives taken by the metallurgical industry in the process of achieving carbon neutrality, including the metallurgy using hydrogen processes using hydrogen-rich coke oven gas as a source of reducing gas, short-process metallurgy of scrap, and technology that reduce emissions and save energy. Through case studies and policy analyses of new green metallurgy, this study demonstrates the potential and achievements of the metallurgical industry in achieving global carbon neutrality. It concludes with a call for the metallurgical industry to continue to strengthen innovation and work with governments and academia to pave the way toward carbon neutrality. Through new metallurgical technologies, improved energy and resource efficiency, and sustainable development, the metallurgical industry will make a significant contribution to the goal of global carbon neutrality.
Standard cell library design for edge computing chips
Authors: Lei Chuanlong , Tang Ying
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of big data, IoT, and other technologies, edge computing has emerged, and the core of edge computing is the edge computing chip. To meet the rapidly growing data computing speed and data computing volume and taking into account the short design cycle and low cost, this paper proposes a standard cell library for designing edge computing chips based on the PDK of 0.13 μm SOI process. Compared with the existing edge computing chips that operate at 100 MHz, the edge computing chip designed with this cell library can operate at 1 GHz. The design process includes selecting cell types and heights for the cell library, designing and drawing circuit logic and layout, extracting characteristic parameters of the cell library, and verifying the cell functions. The validation results show the designed cell can operate at 1 GHz with low delay. Compared with a commercial device, the designed device has a higher operating frequency and realizes a good balance between area and power consumption, and the standard cell library has a good application prospect.
Method of field measurement of electromagnetic environment of high speed maglev train
Authors: Li Yunfeng , Zhang Jiahui , Fu Shanqiang , Wu Donghua , Xu Qiongxiao
Published: August 2024

In order to reduce the complexity of the magnetic field test of maglev trains and improve the accuracy of measurement data, this paper proposes a field measurement method of maglev train radiation emission based on high-speed parallel adaptive filter denoising technology. This measurement method is not limited by special measurement sites, and has the characteristics of high-speed measurement, real-time data processing, and large-capacity data storage. It breaks through the technical bottleneck of the traditional measurement system. The electromagnetic radiation emission of high-speed maglev trains is measured in real-time through multi-antenna synchronous measurement technology, and multi-channel high-speed RF signal measurement and acquisition of external signals are further carried out by blind source separation technology, environmental pre-scanning is carried out, environmental interference characteristics are obtained through feature statistics, and the radiation signal to be measured is estimated by blind source separation algorithm. It helps to achieve the purpose of accurately measuring the electromagnetic radiation emission of high-speed maglev trains. Through field testing, the denoising performance of the method reached 20 dB. Through field testing, the denoising performance of the method reached 20 dB.
A novel LDO circuit with high-speed current detection
Authors: He Jiangping , Liu Xinrui , Xia Yankun
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes a Low Dropout Regulator (LDO) circuit with high-speed current detection. The current detection circuit utilizes a latch-based structure to expedite comparisons and perform detection. Its primary objective is overcurrent protection in certain practical applications, achieving current limit functionality. The LDO circuit structure can stably provide a 5 V output voltage under a 9 V input voltage, with a maximum output current limit of 70 mA. In practical applications, the circuit can function with a load current of 40 mA, resulting in an output voltage (Vout) of 4.96 V. In the design of the LDO circuit, the Error Amplifier (EA) module departs from conventional internal structures, employing a dual-potential folded cascode common-gate common-source amplifier. This choice enhances parameters such as EA gain and Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR). The gain achieves 98 dB, and the low-frequency PSR reaches 92 dB. Simultaneously, the dual potential configuration significantly economizes the layout area required in practical implementations. The LDO is designed using a 0.18 μm standard CMOS process.
A low noise CLASS AB operational amplifier with high voltage output capability by 180 nm BCD process
Authors: Li Peipei , Luo Li , Wei Qi
Published: August 2024

In this work, a low noise CLASS AB operational amplifier, which can output high voltage, has been fabricated by a 180 nm BCD process. For the objective of achieving low noise, the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) input stage with the base current compensation structure is employed. Experimental results show that the low noise amplifier’s equivalent input current and voltage noise are 3.2 pA/sqrt (Hz) and 16.73 nV/sqrt (Hz) separately, and the rising and falling slew rates are 10.40 MV/s and 6.67 MV/s separately. With the die area of 0.629 mm2, the amplifier’s power consumption is 18.3 mW, which flows 60 μA on the 5 V low power supply and 600 μA on the 25 V high power supply.
A High-gain omnidirectional conformal antenna on the aerial vehicle
Authors: Zhang Peng
Published: August 2024

A series-fed conformal microstrip antenna with the tail wing of a UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)is proposed and implemented in this paper. In the target frequency band, the antenna has a nice performance of omnidirectional radiation and high gain, which easily conforms with the tail wing structure, achieving good wind resistance characteristics and meeting the strict aerodynamic requirements of the UAV. The antenna radiator is etched onto a printed board with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a size of 644mm×112mm×4mm. In addition, the radiator is fixed with PMI form and formed a tail shape with surrounding glass fiber cloth, which has strong rigidity as a whole and has passed the flight test. The test results show that the antenna achieves a gain of more than 4.2 dBi at 564-676 MHz, a gain of more than 5.6 dBi at 600-650 MHz, and a gain of less than 3dB at 564-676MHz. This proposed antenna has a reasonable structure and good performance, which is verified by engineering experiments and is suitable for harsh environment requirements. It is expected that this antenna has wide applications in high-speed UAV communication.
Radar signal sorting based on image semantic segmentation
Authors: Mei Jincheng , Li Chuang , Cao Yu , Wang Xuyang , Liu Ze
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the application of image semantic segmentation networks in radar signal sorting. Unlike traditional methods, it does not depend on predefined parameters or prior information, so it can show enhanced adaptability in dealing with a more complex electromagnetic environment. Firstly, the pulse descriptor PDW of collected signals is encoded into corresponding sequence images, and then U-net is used to train pulse sequence images. The trained model can be applied with high accuracy in radar signal sorting. At the same time, an attention mechanism is introduced into the U-net, which improves the recognition rate of signal features.
Research on laser communication ranging Integration and VLC nonlinear compensation technology
Authors: Liu Hao , Gao Qian , Li Ling
Published: August 2024

Visible light communication (VLC) is a new spectrum communication technology that provides a new direction to solve spectrum resource problems. The nonlinearity problem in VLC will lead to a significant reduction in the performance of the communication system. To solve this problem, this paper studies the integration of laser communication ranging and VLC nonlinear compensation technology based on analyzing the principles of ranging methods and factors affecting ranging performance. Aiming at the problem that the complexity of the Random Fourier Features Kernel adaptive filter (RFF-KAF) method will increase significantly as the dimension of the mapping space increases, we introduce some second-order Volterra series square terms into the input vector of RFF-KAF and propose an improved prediction method. Experimental simulation results show that the method proposed in this article can greatly improve the performance of the RFF-KAF method while maintaining the same mapping space dimension. Compared with obtaining similar performance by increasing the mapping space dimension, the cost of this method is greatly reduced.
A Comparative study of pseudoinverse and damped least squares approaches in inverse kinematics for a 5-DOF hydraulic arm
Authors: Hashem Muhamed M. , Ghamry Khaled A. , Saleh Amr , Elsherif Ibrahim A.
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a comparative study of two iterative methods for solving the inverse kinematics problem on a hydraulically actuated 5-DOF arm with non-standard geometries. The work aims to determine the joint angles required to achieve a desired end effector position and orientation, which indicates a specific displacement of the hydraulic actuators. A simulation model is used with the Pseudoinverse and damped least squares methods. The results show that using the model with both methods can be utilized to solve the inverse kinematics problem. The damped Least Squares method exhibits higher accuracy and robustness to singularities than the Pseudoinverse method, however, the Pseudoinverse method is more computationally efficient and can give results close to the damped least squares method but with some modifications. The paper concludes with implications of the findings and recommendations for future research, particularly in the application of these methods to real-world hydraulically actuated robotic systems.
Optimization of dielectric oils for immersion liquid cooling of server rack
Authors: Mohammed Nada , El-Maghlany Wael , Elhelw Mohamed , Abdelaziz Ahmed
Published: August 2024

In this research, two-phase immersion cooling is utilized to cool a server rack of 8 kW that contains 42 servers. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of server rack model is analyzed by ANSYS 18.1, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Comparative analysis between two types of dielectric engineered oils is performed, FC-72 and a new oil technology SF-33. The simulation shows a great decrease in temperature ranges for model using SF-33 oil with 34% decrease of the minimum temperature where the most surfaces of servers are at temperatures between 37 °C to 48 °C. Using SF-33 oil makes the hot spot temperature is higher than that for FC-72 by about 3°C. Power consumption for cooling with SF-33 oil is higher due to higher amount of vapor.
Performance Enhancement of Power-Cycle Hydro- Mechanical Transmission with Accumulator
Authors: Nagib Y M , Mokhiamar O , Elgamal H
Published: August 2024

In this study, a new power-cycling hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission system (PCHMCVT) with energy recovery using an accumulator is proposed. The simulation of the basic characteristics of PCHMCVT is done using Simulink/Simscape and these characteristics have been validated with previous studies. The model is then used to examine the effect of adding energy recovery using an accumulator on the output power and the efficiency. The system is simulated on a driving cycle and the output velocity is investigated. The hydro-mechanical transmission system works in two modes of operation to improve the driving range. The effect of the accumulator is investigated in both of these modes. A comparison between the performance of the system with and without an accumulator is made to show the effect of the accumulator on the system and energy recovery. The results indicate that the energy recovery system can be utilized in both the driving and braking of the vehicle. The addition of an accumulator has improved the efficiency of the system by 8.1% and the power consumption of the engine has been reduced by 20.8%.
Optimizing Track Contact Length for Enhanced Dynamics and Performance of Tracked Vehicles: A Particle Swarm Optimization Approach
Authors: Elsharkawy Ahmed F. , Salem A. M. , Kamel Mohamed A. , Abdelshafy Mohamed H.
Published: August 2024

Through an in-depth investigation of tracked vehicle dynamics, this paper explores the crucial role that the track contact length (L) plays in affecting the dynamic performance of tracked vehicles. The study delves into the basic equations that control straight-line motion and turning as functions of track contact length, with an emphasis on these concepts. To improve the tracked vehicle’s overall performance, an optimization procedure is carried out using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique that is implemented in MATLAB. The aim of this study is to clarify the complex relationship between track contact length and tracked vehicle dynamics, offering useful information for enhancing vehicles’ mobility. The study includes a pioneering validation, aligning computational results with real-world data, affirming the accuracy and practical utility of the designed code. This research provides valuable insights for designing tracked vehicles through offering a reliable guide for optimizing track contact length.
Developments of 7.62 x39mm armor piercing projectiles
Authors: Fayed A
Published: August 2024

Calibers 7.62 x39mm are one of the most common calibers used all over the world. As a result of developments of modern armors that become lighter, and with-stand more impact kinetic energies. Consequently, the development of ammunition becomes important to increase the combat ability of used weapons to face modern armors. In this paper, some modifications are already done in construction and design of existing bullets, in which the inner cores or parts of them are replaced by harder material, tungsten carbide, instead of lead or hard steel core. Some internal and external ballistic predictions are calculated to make sure the expected developments do not affect the weapons barrels compared with the original bullets and the check of the stability during the flight are also studied by using PRODAS package Resultant depths of penetrations are compared experimentally with that of original types, the experimental results show a noticeable increase in depth of penetration compared with that of original bullets.
Optimizing ORB-SLAM For Varied Weather Conditions Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Fekry John E. , Awad Mohammed I. , Ibrahim Fady
Published: August 2024

In the rapidly evolving domains of self-driving cars, the resilience of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms to varying environmental conditions remains a critical challenge. This paper leverages the CARLA simulator to create comprehensive datasets that encompass an array of weather scenarios, ranging from clear sky to complex combinations of fog and rain, during both daytime and nighttime. The primary objective of this study is to optimize the performance of ORB-SLAM2 under these harsh conditions, improving resilience and robustness against different weather conditions. The evaluation is conducted using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as the key metric. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is developed to optimize the parameters of ORB-SLAM. The GA aims to reduce the RMSE for each unique weather situation. The results show a significant improvement in ORB-SLAM’s performance and resilience, contributing to its potential applications in the broader landscape of autonomous systems and intelligent mobility networks.
Modelling and Parametric Study for Panel Flutter Problem using Functionally Graded Materials
Authors: Fayed Mohamed E , Semary Mourad S , El Desouky A A , Ali Ehab , Tawfik Mohammad
Published: August 2024

In this paper we will demonstrate the possibility of weight optimization of panels under aero-thermal loading in hypersonic flow using functionally graded materials (FGM). The in-plane volume fraction of two constituents (Aluminium and Nickel) is modelled using polynomial distributions. Different material grading layouts are investigated, including cases with Nickel concentrated at corners, sides, midpoints and center. The solution of the problem utilized a higher order element with C1 continuity. The study covers the linear boundaries of the panel flutter problem as well as the non-linear post-buckling deflections. The results indicated Nickel placement strategies are shown to enhance dynamic pressure and vibration performance for a given mass reduction through optimal center and edge localization. Overall, the integrated modelling approach demonstrates the potential to systematically optimize stability, weight and integrity in hypersonic flow to optimize the weight of panels subject to aero-thermal loads.
Development of accurate contour residual stress measurement technique for sustainable structural integrity assessment in additive manufacturing
Authors: Sayeed Hossain Mohammad , Harthy Tariq Al , Naveed Nida , Garza Carlos
Published: August 2024

Accurate analysis of residual stress present within an engineering component plays a fundamental role to its sustainable structural integrity assessment. This is particularly important for a safety critical component within the power generation sectors, aerospace, and oil and gas industries. The accurate stress analysis not only allows operators to determine the life remaining in a component but also avoid over-conservative estimates and thereby contribute to life extension of engineering plants and components. By utilizing and unifying multiple residual stress analysis tools of different nature a robust and more accurate method of stress analysis is achieved. The main aim of the current study focusses on the development and optimization of a robust residual stress tool based on the contour technique to accurately analyse inherent stress in an engineering component.