bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caso Clínico: Mesotelioma primario de pericardio
Authors: Sánchez León Juan Sebastián , Torres Washima Irene Lucía , Cobos Gálvez Anabel Stefanía , Molina Alvarado Gladis Margarita
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Primary pericardial mesothelioma is an extremely rare mesodermal tumor, among oncological diseases, with a very low incidence. About 350 cases have been described around the world, most of them diagnosed post-mortem. The short term prognosis is poor, regardless of the treatment, which is mostly palliative. We present a case report regarding this pathology. CASE REPORT: 69 year old patient hospitalized with dyspnea and severe anemia. Complementary workup showed pleural effusion and pericardial effusion. Histopathology report of the pericardial fluid revealed pericardial mesothelioma. EVOLUTION: Due to recurrence of pericardial effusion, it was decided to perform pericardiectomy and left pleurectomy as palliative treatment, to alleviate the patient’s symptoms. Chemotherapy was planned after the procedure, but the patient’s general condition deteriorated severely leading to his death. CONCLUSION: Primary pericardial mesothelioma is a rare tumor, whose symptoms are characterized by the associated pericardial effusion, making the diagnosis difficult due to it low incidence. The prognosis is poor in short- term, and there isn’t an established protocol for the treatment with results that showed improve in mortality. KEYWORDS: MESOTHELIOMA, PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, PERICARDIECTOMY, PLEUROTOMY.
Dobra em Z de segunda ordem: três casos que mostram soluções simples e efetivas
Authors: Meireles José Kleber Soares de
Published: July 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: As dobras para refinamento ortodôntico confeccionadas em arcos contínuos podem prover ótimas soluções clínicas para obtenção de determinadas correções dentárias individuais ou de um conjunto de dentes. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente artigo é detalhar uma dessas dobras ortodônticas, a dobra em Z de segunda ordem, explicando sua confecção e versatilidade. Para isso, serão apresentadas três situações corriqueiras nas quais essa dobra pode prover uma correção adequada em um curto espaço de tempo. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento das indicações e da biomecânica das dobras em Z de segunda ordem pode ser um grande diferencial na nossa prática clínica, permitindo a obtenção rápida dos resultados esperados.
Dogmas e mitos sobre a polpa no tratamento ortodôntico, trauma oclusal e doença periodontal
Authors: Consolaro Alberto , Miranda Dario A. Oliveira , Consolaro Renata Bianco
Published: July 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: As implicações do tratamento ortodôntico na polpa e em seu envelhecimento, no trauma oclusal e na doença periodontal, têm dogmas e mitos de uma época em que nada se podia comprovar ou testar com muita precisão e metodologia, pois as imagens eram ruins e as observações microscópicas, muito raras. DESCRIÇÃO: Quem envelhece a polpa não é a idade da pessoa, são fatores externos ao complexo dentinopulpar. Tratamento ortodôntico, trauma oclusal e doença periodontal inflamatória crônica não envelhecem a polpa. Por sua vez, o traumatismo dentário provoca metamorfose cálcica da polpa e necrose asséptica, mas também não envelhece o complexo dentinopulpar. Também é um dogma afirmar que exames imagiológicos não são auxiliares importantes no diagnóstico das alterações pulpares. CONCLUSÃO: Para o clínico, é muito importante ter definidas as causas para as alterações pulpares, com base em evidências bem estabelecidas, eliminando-se aspectos opinativos, tradicionais e dogmáticos.
Fiabilidad y validez de un instrumento que mide el emprendimiento
Authors: Cruz García Lirios , Quiroz Campas Celia Yaneth , Bermúdez Ruíz Gilberto , Sandoval Vázquez Francisco Rubén , Carreón Valencia Oscar Igor
Published: July 2021

The process that goes from prospective decisions (oriented to risks of maximum profits with respect to minimum insurance benefits) to delibe-rate actions (oriented by avoidance of failures, based on the systematization of errors and successes) is addressed in the present work, aiming to specify a model for the study of Internet entrepreneurship. A non-experimental study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of 135 entrepre-neurs. From a structural model, the reflective factor of the construct was found to be deliberate actions, but such findings are only applicable to the sample since the type of study, sampling, and statistical analysis suggest the contrast of the model in other scenarios would increase the percentage of the explained variance of its factors, that added to 57% in this case.
La legitimación del privilegio en colegios de elite chilenos: De la responsabilidad social al discurso del mérito
Authors: Ilabaca Turri Tomas
Published: July 2021

Los colegios de elite chilenos han sido históricamente espacios no solo para asegurar la homogeneidad de estos grupos y su reproducción, sino que de transmisión y socialización del privilegio. Este artículo presenta los hallazgos de una investigación etnográfica en dos establecimientos, en la que se abordó cómo los colegios de elite comprenden, socializan y buscan legitimar su lugar de privilegio. Los resultados evidencian como ambos establecimientos abordan el privilegio de distintos modos. En el primer colegio se busca que sus alumnos se auto-comprendan como privilegiados, y su legitimación es por medio de formar a sus alumnos con un sello social de vincularse con los problemas del país. El segundo colegio comprende y legitima el privilegio por medio de procesos de resignificación del privilegio en tanto mérito. El artículo sugiere una forma más amplia de pensar la transmisión del privilegio, donde se hace necesario contemplar las dinámicas de diferenciación de los establecimientos en contextos de mercado, así como también la correspondencia socioeducativa entre los tipos de proyectos, las estrategias y las divisiones internas en las elites.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Left Ventricular Connexin43 Expression and Distribution in Juvenile and Young Adult Rats
Authors: Ariningpraja Rustiana Tasya , Santoso ‪Dewi Irawati Soeria , Jusuf Ahmad Aulia , Hany Alfrina
Published: July 2021

Background: Gap Junction (GJ) plays a role in supporting the heart electricity. Connexin43 (Cx43) as the main protein constituent of GJ in left cardiac ventricle, will increase in number and slightly redistributed to the lateral sides of cardiomyocytes after aerobic exercise in adulthood. The effects of aerobic exercise that begin at childhood are not well known.Objective: This study aims to observe the effect of aerobic exercise which started from childhood on left ventricle Cx43 distribution.Methods: This study was conducted on 28 male Juvenile (4 weeks) and young adult (8 weeks) rats, divided into 7 groups: 1) Juvenile rats undergoing 4 weeks of exercise (E-J4); 2) Control E-J4 (C-J4); 3) Juvenile rats undergoing 8 weeks of exercise (E-J8); 4) Control EJ-8 (C-J8); 5) Juvenile rats undergoing 12 weeks of exercise (E-J12; 6); Young adult rats undergoing 8 weeks of exercise (E-Yo8); 7) Control E-J12 and E-Yo8 (C-JY128). Exercise group will undergo different length of duration, starting from week 4 until 12 weeks. Cx43 was identified by immunohistochemical staining and analyzed with ImageJ software. Comparison was analyzed using independent t-test.Results: Insignificant lower of total Cx43 expression in E-J4 (64200.45 + 4243.676 total area, p >0.05) compared to control. In contrast, a significant higher of total Cx43 expression was observed in EJ-8, EJ-12 and E-Yo8 (80152.95 + 3760.481, p = 0.001; 75596.775 + 3976.333, p = 0,002; 81216.85+ 2475.768, p = 0,000). Slightly higher of lateral Cx43 redistribution occurred in all aerobic exercise, with significant lateralization in E-J8 and E-Yo8.Conclusion: Aerobic exercise increases Cx43 and slightly redistributed to lateral myocytes under normal condition both in juvenile and young adult rats.
Cushing’s syndrome manifesting as chronic insomnia caused by adrenal cortical adenoma with incidental pituitary microadenoma: a case report
Authors: Rakhmayanti Rizky , Minuljo Tania Tedjo , Suryawati Herlina , Fitrikasari Alifiati , Soedarso Mohamad Adi , Priambada Dody
Published: July 2021

Background: Cushing’s syndrome is condition caused by excessive glucocorticoid with insomnia as one of its neuropsychiatric manifestation. Cushing’s syndrome may be caused by excessive adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH-dependent), for example from ACTH producing pituitary tumors, or by overproduction of cortisol by adrenocortical tumors. In this report, we presented a case with Cushing’s syndrome manifesting as chronic insomnia with adrenal cortical adenoma and pituitary microadenoma.Case presentation: A 30-year-old woman was consulted from the Neurologic Department to the Internal Medicine Department with the chief complaint of insomnia and worsening headache since 6 months prior to the admission. She had undergone head MRI and abdominal CT scan previously and was found to have both pituitary microadenoma and left adrenal mass. From the physical examination she had clinical signs of Cushing’s syndrome like Cushingoid face and purplish striae on her stomach. Midnight cortisol serum examination was done initially and showed high level of cortisol. High dose dexamethasone suppression test or DST (8 mg overnight) was later performed to help determine the main cause of Cushing’s syndrome. The result failed to reach 50% suppression of cortisol serum, suggestive that the Cushing’s syndrome was not ACTH-dependent from the pituitary but potentially from overproduction of cortisol by the left adrenal mass. Therefore, left adrenalectomy was performed and the histopathological study supported the diagnosis of adrenal cortical adenoma.Conclusion: Chronic insomnia is a very important symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome that should not be neglected. The patient had both microadenoma pituitary and left adrenal mass thus high dose DST test (8 mg overnight) needed to be performed to differentiate the source of Cushing’s syndrome. The result showed only little suppression therefore the pituitary microadenoma was not the source of Cushing’s syndrome and more suggestive from the adrenal etiology.
Kinopoezja? Ruch i fotogenia jako kategorie estetyczne poetyckiej awangardy
Authors: Orska Joanna
Published: July 2021

Szkic opowiada historię wczesnych związków pomiędzy awangardowym filmem niemym a poezją, przyglądając się w szczególności wypowiedziom programowym powiązanym z filmem francuskich impresjonistów. Poezja czy poetyckość była w manifestach i szkicach Ricciotta Canuda, Germaine Dulac czy Louisa Delluca często traktowana jako metaforycznie rozumiana przestrzeń odniesień wynikających z przekonania, że film jako nowa, „siódma” sztuka stanowi doskonałą syntezę właściwości pozostałych. Z poezją, awangardową poetyckością powiązał swoje koncepcje filmu bezpośrednio Jean Epstein, którego pisma miały w Polsce lat dwudziestych sporą i chłonną publiczność. Wiele z elementów jego teorii, powiązanych z ruchem filmowym i „fotogenicznością”, przeniknęło, czego próbuję tu dowieść, także do tekstów programowych polskiej awangardy poetyckiej.
Filmy pisane
Authors: Levi Pavle
Published: July 2021

Początek lat dwudziestych XX wieku to okres rozwoju europejskich kierunków awangardowych. Dominującemu surrealizmowi towarzyszyło powstawanie lokalnych prądów: rumuńskiego integralizmu, czeskiego poetyzmu i artyficjalizmu oraz jugosłowiańskiego zenityzmu, hipnizmu, sumatryzm (czy pojęcie jest w porządku?) i kosmizmu. Dzięki pomysłowości oraz oryginalności poszczególnych artystów i teoretyków tworzono inspirujące, niemniej traktowane jako peryferyjne i „egzotyczne” manifesty. Działacze jugosłowiańscy, choć pozostający pod wpływem twórców rosyjskich (W. Chlebnikowa, W Majakowskiego, A. Rodczenki), blisko współpracowali i aspirowali do działalności centrali paryskiej (za A. Bretonem, B. Péretem). Znana jest ich bogata korespondencja z Francuzami, a w niektórych przypadkach i bezpośrednie kontakty. „Stół bohemy z [belgradzkiej] kawiarni Moskva stał się surrealistycznym stołem w kawiarni Le Cyrano w Paryżu”. W tekście przywoływani są najważniejsi działacze jugosłowiańskiej awangardy: Ljubomir Micić, Rade Drainac, Boško Tokin, ale szczególną uwagę autor poświęca (skromniej dotychczas przedstawianej w refleksji krytycznoliterackiej) działalności Monny’ego de Boully (serb. Moni Buli). Na podstawie jego utworu Doktor Hipnison, ili tehnika života, określanego jako rodzaj filmu pisanego (paper movies), Pavle Levi przybliża czytelnikowi koncepcję i konkretną realizację „filmu na papierze” – w wizji protagonisty Boully’ego. W nowym formacie widz zaproszony jest do „przestrzeni nieskrępowanej perspektywą”, staje się odbiorcą aktywnym, zaangażowanym do doświadczania filmu różnymi zmysłami.
Obiektyw kamery Stefanii Zahorskiej
Authors: Hendrykowska Małgorzata
Published: July 2021

W obszernym i różnorodnym dorobku Stefanii Zahorskiej (1889–1961) obejmującym m.in. publikacje z zakresu historii i teorii sztuki, filozofii, psychologii, historii kultury, istotne miejsce zajmuje refleksja teoretyczno- i krytycznofilmowa. Stefania Zahorska była najwybitniejszym krytykiem filmowym dwudziestolecia międzywojennego. Decydował o tym nie tylko jej talent pisarski, krytyczny, ale erudycja, rozległe wykształcenie, a przede wszystkim niezależność sądów. Gdy w latach trzydziestych dość powszechnie traktowano film jako hubę żerującą na organizmie literatury, Zahorska w artykule Co powieść zawdzięcza filmowi opublikowanym w 1934 roku na łamach „Kuriera Literacko-Naukowego”, stwierdza, że także powieść powoli zaczyna być dłużnikiem widowiska filmowego. Autorka skupia swoją uwagę na polskiej powieści współczesnej i na potencjalnych zyskach, jakie dla literatury płyną ze strony filmu. Przekonująco pokazuje, w jaki sposób inspiracja filmowa wpłynęła na literacki konkret, jak pod wpływem filmu zmienił się model czasoprzestrzeni w literaturze. Analizując „zainfekowanie” powieści filmem, wskazuje na jego udział w kształtowaniu współczesnej metafory literackiej. Oryginalność jej spojrzenia polega na przełamaniu popularnego dyskursu na temat podobieństw między ekranizacją a pierwowzorem oraz wskazaniu, że relacja między obiema dziedzinami nie przebiega wyłącznie jednokierunkowo: od literatury w stronę filmu. Można ją opisać poza tradycyjną domeną samej adaptacji, w kategoriach metapoetyki oraz estetyki słowa i ruchomego obrazu. W Polsce to ważny i prekursorski głos w sposobie widzenia głębszych relacji pomiędzy filmem a literaturą.
Passive Cross-Holding in a Stackelberg Oligopoly
Authors: Ma Hongkun , Zeng Chenhang
Published: July 2021

We show that bilateral cross-holding can be profitable for firms with symmetric technologies in a Stackelberg oligopoly. Furthermore, if firms involved in cross-holding obtain a strategic advantage to be the leaders (i.e. Stackelberg leadership through cross-holding), such cross-holding will improve both consumer surplus and social welfare. We also discuss robustness of our main results with respect to convex costs and product differentiation.
A Rehabilitation of the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility: An Ordinal Marginal Utility Approach
Authors: Lin Chung-Cheng , Peng Shi-Shu
Published: July 2021

The model in which an individual maximizes his ordinal or cardinal total utility has long been the paradigm of individual choice theory. However, the two mainstream utility theories, the ordinal and cardinal total utility theories, have caused a dilemma, i.e. one has to sacrifice one of the following two: the good property of utility ordinality, or common-sense notions such as the law of diminishing marginal utility. Ordinal theory keeps the former but gives up the latter, while cardinal theory keeps the latter but sacrifices the former. We propose an ordinal marginal utility approach aiming to solve this dilemma by changing the very first assumption regarding individual choice.
Variability and improvement of optical and antimicrobial performances for CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs composites via in situ synthesis
Authors: Cheng Youliang , Wang Mingjie , Fang Changqing , Wei Ying , Chen Jing , Zhang Jin
Published: July 2021

To change the optical properties and improve the antibacterial performances of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and Ag NPs, mesoporous SiO2 spheres were combined with them to form the composites. In this paper, CQDs with a uniform size of about 3.74 nm were synthesized using glucose as carbon source. Then, CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs composites were obtained in situ under UV light irradiating by using mesoporous SiO2 and Ag NO3 as the carrier and silver resource, respectively. The diameter of CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs particles was in the range of 200–250 nm. With the increase in irradiating time, the red-shift in the UV-Vis spectrum for as-prepared CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs composites was found, and the adsorption peak was widened. In addition, the composites showed a high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli via disc diffusion method. These results indicated that inhibition circles for Ag NPs/mesoporous SiO2/CQDs and mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs were similar in diameter. Furthermore, the two composites had a better bactericidal performance compared with other particles. Therefore, as-prepared CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs composites in this paper have great potential applications for fluorescent materials and antibacterial materials.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Characterization and its potential biomedical applications
Authors: Alwhibi Mona S. , Soliman Dina A. , Awad Manal A. , Alangery Asma B. , Al Dehaish Horiah , Alwasel Yasmeen A.
Published: July 2021

In recent times, research on the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) has developed rapidly and attracted considerable attention. The use of plant extracts is the preferred mode for the biological synthesis of NPs due to the presence of biologically active constituents. Aloe vera is a plant endowed with therapeutic benefits especially in skincare due to its unique curative properties. The present study focused on an environmental friendly and rapid method of phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using A. vera gel extract as a reductant. The synthesized Ag-NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). TEM micrographs showed spherical-shaped synthesized Ag-NPs with a diameter of 50–100 nm. The UV-Vis spectrum displayed a broad absorption peak of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 450 nm. The mean size and size distribution of the formed Ag-NPs were investigated using the DLS technique. Antibacterial studies revealed zones of inhibition by Ag-NPs of A. vera (9 and 7 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, respectively. Furthermore, the antifungal activity was screened, based on the diameter of the growth inhibition zone using the synthesized Ag-NPs for different fungal strains. Anticancer activity of the synthesized Ag-NPs against the mouse melanoma F10B16 cell line revealed 100% inhibition with Ag-NPs at a concentration of 100 µg mL−1. The phytosynthesized Ag-NPs demonstrated a marked antimicrobial activity and also exhibited a potent cytotoxic effect against mouse melanoma F10B16 cells. The key findings of this study indicate that synthesized Ag-NPs exhibit profound therapeutic activity and could be potentially ideal alternatives in medicinal applications.
Reading Stephen’s Speech as a Counter-Cultural Discourse on Migration and Dislocation
Authors: Hogeterp Albert L. A.
Published: July 2021

The speech of Stephen in Acts 7:2–53 contains a wealth of references to biblical migration narratives, but their significance for understanding the message of Luke–Acts has been understudied. This is partly due to a recurrent focus on either accusations against Stephen (Acts 6:8–15) or the polemical conclusion of the speech (Acts 7:47–50.51–53). It also partly relates to a teleological interest in early Christian mission narrative. This article reads Stephen’s speech as a counter-cultural discourse on migration and dislocation. It provides a close reading of its biblical story-telling in conjunction with its polemical upshot, and further compares Lucan narrative choices with early Jewish and Jewish Hellenistic literary cycles about patriarchal and Mosaic discourse. It applies a critical lens to the use of ancient narratives of migration and dislocation in discussions about identity, ethnicity, and “othering;” this is of further importance for contemporary identity politics around migration. Through comparing the speech with intra-Jewish dimensions and Graeco-Roman contexts, Stephen emerges as a counter-cultural speaker whose discourse appeals to human–divine intersectionality, specifically regarding the cause of justice for the ill-treated stranger; at the same time, it avoids cultural stereotyping through categories of Hebrews vs Hellenists, Jews vs Christians, Graeco-Roman elite standards vs supposedly “non-European” profiles.
A Magyarországra érkező külföldi működőtőke gazdasági kapcsolatrendszer-vizsgálatának elméleti alapjai
Authors:   PTE, Földtudományok Doktori Iskola, Lendvai Tamás , Tésits Róbert ,   PTE, Földrajzi és Földtudományi Intézet, Alpek B. Levente ,   PTE, Földrajzi és Földtudományi Intézet
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study is to systematize the Hungarian literature (1960–2004) on working capital coming into Hungary. A special role is given to the identification of the trends and topics, as well as the separation of the criteria systems shaping the paradigms. In the content analysis, we focused on not only quantitative but mainly qualitative aspects related to working capital. We interpreted the trends in two periods: the era between the 1960s and 1990, as well as the period between the 1990 and Hungary’s accession to the EU, by evaluating articles mainly on macroeconomics, industrial economics and economic geography. Before 1990, the emphasis was placed on the economic effects related to foreign direct investment. From the 1990s, first the quantitative aspects, then from the middle of the decade again the qualitative elements – specifically the economic and regional integration of working capital and the additional effects arising from it – came to the focus of scientific inquiry.
Within-Trial Persistence of Learned Behavior as a Dissociable Behavioral Component in Hippocampus-Dependent Memory Tasks: A Potential Postlearning Role of Immature Neurons in the Adult Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Luchetti Alessandro , Yamaguchi (山口拓馬) Takuma , Uemura Masato , Yovianto Glen , Čulig Luka , Yang Ming , Zhou Wei , Oschmann Franziska , Lua MinFeng , Tashiro (田代　歩) Ayumu
Published: July 2021

The term “memory strength” generally refers to how well one remembers something. But more precisely it contains multiple modalities, such as how easily, how accurately, how confidently and how vividly we remember it. In human, these modalities of memory strength are dissociable. In this study, we asked whether we can isolate a behavioral component that is dissociable from others in hippocampus-dependent memory tasks in mice, which potentially reflect a modality of memory strength. Using a virus-mediated inducible method, we ablated immature neurons in the dentate gyrus in mice after we trained the mice with hippocampus-dependent memory tasks normally. In memory retrieval tests, these ablated mice initially showed intact performance. However, the ablated mice ceased learned behavior prematurely within a trial compared with control mice. In addition, the ablated mice showed shorter duration of individual episodes of learned behavior. Both affected behavioral measurements point to persistence of learned behavior. Thus, the effect of the postlearning manipulation showed dissociation between initial performance and persistence of learned behavior. These two behavioral components are likely to reflect different brain functions and be mediated by separate mechanisms, which might represent different modalities of memory strength. These simple dissociable measurements in widely used behavioral paradigms would be useful to understand detailed mechanisms underlying the expression of learned behavior and potentially different modalities of memory strength in mice. We also discuss a potential role that immature neurons in the dentate gyrus may play in persistence of learned behavior.
Action Costs Rapidly and Automatically Interfere with Reward-Based Decision-Making in a Reaching Task
Authors: Pierrieau Emeline , Lepage Jean-François , Bernier Pierre-Michel
Published: July 2021

It is widely assumed that we select actions we value the most. While the influence of rewards on decision-making has been extensively studied, evidence regarding the influence of motor costs is scarce. Specifically, how and when motor costs are integrated in the decision process is unclear. Twenty-two right-handed human participants performed a reward-based target selection task by reaching with their right arm toward one of two visual targets. Targets were positioned in different directions according to biomechanical preference, such that one target was systematically associated with a lower motor cost than the other. Only one of the two targets was rewarded, either in a congruent or incongruent manner with respect to the associated motor cost. A timed-response paradigm was used to manipulate participants’ reaction times (RT). Results showed that when the rewarded target carried the highest motor cost, movements produced at short RT (<350 ms) were deviated toward the other (i.e., non-rewarded, low-cost (LC) target). In this context participants needed an additional 150-ms delay to reach the same percentage of rewarded trials as when the LC target was rewarded. Crucially, motor costs affected the total earnings of participants. These results demonstrate a robust interference of motor costs in a simple reward-based decision-making task. They point to the rapid and automatic integration of motor costs at an early stage of processing, potentially through the direct modulation of competing action representations in parieto-frontal regions. The progressive overcoming of this bias with increasing RT is likely achieved through top-down signaling pertaining to expected rewards.
Evaluating biocompatibility of vaterite-mineralized polycaprolactone matrices in subcutaneous implantation tests on white rats
Authors: Ivanov Aleksei , Kurtukova Mariya , Kozadayev Maksim , Tyapkina Dariya , Kustodov Sergei , Savelieva Mariya , Bugaeva Irina , Parakhonsky Bogdan , Galashina Elena , Gladkova Ekaterina , Norkin Igor
Published: July 2021

Objective: to estimate biocompatibility of matrices manufactured from polycaprolactone (PCL) and mineralized by vaterite (CaCO3) via studying local and systemic manifestations of inflammatory reaction in subcutaneous implantation tests on white rats. Material and Methods. The experiment was conducted on 40 rats divided into four groups of equal sizes: control, comparison (rats with imitation of implantation), negative control (rats with implanted non-biocompatible matrices) and experimental group, comprised of animals with implanted PCL/CaCO3-matrices. Local inflammatory manifestations were analyzed by morphological investigation of implantation area tissues. Systemic inflammatory manifestations were estimated via TNF-α and interleukin-1β (IL-1) concentrations in blood serum by ELISA. Results. The changes in cellular population content demonstrated that, on day 21 after the implantation, the PCL/CaCO3-matrice was evenly colonized by fibroblast cells and afterwards vascularized. Such matrices did not cause intense inflammatory reaction observed in negative control animals. It was accompanied by systemic manifestations, such as statistically significant increase in TNF-α and IL-1 concentrations. Conclusion. Our data confirmed the biocompatibility of PLC/CaCO3-scaffolds, thus experimentally substantiating the potential for their use in tissue engineering.
Experimental study of synthetic polymeric materials as a basis for developing advanced carrier matrices for cultivating limbal stem cells
Authors: Karpovich Vadim , Kulikov Alexey , Churashov Sergey , Chernysh Valery , Grigoriev Stepan , Blinova Miralda , Nashchekina Yulia , Alexandrova Olga , Khorolskaya Yulia , Nikonov Pavel , Tsobkallo Ekaterina , Moskalyuk Olga , Melnikov Alexander , Serdobintsev Pavel , Mashel Tatiana , Pisugina Galina , Perepletchikova Daria , Khoroshikh Dmitry
Published: July 2021

Objective: to conduct an experimental study on the properties of three different types of synthetic polyester matrices, to carry out their comparative assessment, and to identify the optimal carrier for the cultivation and transplantation of limbal stem cells while eliminating limbal insufficiency.
Materials and methods. Transparency, mechanical properties (strength, relative elongation at break, and elastic modulus), biocompatibility with corneal cell cultures were assessed, and duration of matrix biodegradation in vivo were studied.
Results. In the course of our study, the optical and mechanical properties of matrices, made of polylactide-glycolide (PLG), polylactide-caprolactone (PLC) and poly-E-caprolactone (PCL), were studied. It has been experimentally shown that limbal stem cells of humans and rabbits, as well as human corneal epithelial cells, adhered to the surface of all types of the studied matrices. During the cultivation process, they retained the typical structure of the actin cytoskeleton, along with the ability to proliferate and migrate. Differences in the interaction of different cell cultures with different types of carriers were revealed. The biodegradation time of 5 μm thick PLC matrices was about 30 days.
Conclusion. Our results obtained implied the possibility of using 5 µm thick PLC matrices as a carrier for cultured limbal stem cells.
Using endoscopic hemithyroidectomy in patients with benign thyroid diseases
Authors: Vertyankin Sergey , Turlykova Isabella , Meshcheryakov Vitaly , Grekov Vladimir , Chupakhin Nikolai , Vanzha Yana , Ivanova Victoria , Zhurkin Kirill
Published: July 2021

Objective: the development and assessment of endoscopic hemithyroidectomy technique improving visualization of anatomical structures and excluding the so-called conflict of instruments in the operative field.
Materials and methods. We analyzed the treatment results of 103 patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy with endoscopic or traditional approaches during 2014-2018 at the S.R. Mirotvortsev Hospital of Saratov State Medical University. In terms of approach mode, patients were divided into two groups. The compression syndrome, functional autonomy of a thyroid, and results of a punch biopsy were indications to operation.
Results. Unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) was diagnosed in one patient after traditional intervention, diminishing after 1.5 months; and in three patients after endoscopic hemithyroidectomy, diminishing anywhere between 7 days and 1.5 months. Signs of hypoparathyroidism were not found in any of the patient groups. There were no complications associated with the introduction of carbon dioxide. No conversion was required in any of the cases.
Conclusion. Development, application and assessment of a new endoscopic hemithyroidectomy technique, which proved itself feasible, safe and provisioning highly esthetic outcome were conducted.
Morphological aspects of orbital defect reconstruction in rats with elastin-based biomaterial
Authors: Lebedeva Anna , Nigmatullin Rafik , Kutushev Rinat
Published: July 2021

The objective of the study was to identify morphological aspects of replacement of xenogeneic decellularized elastin matrix (ХDEM) transplanted into a bone defect of the upper orbital wall in rats.
Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on 60 Wistar rats with artificially created 7×4 mm defect in the upper edge of their orbit. In the experimental group (n=30), DХEM was placed in the defect area. Its size matched the size of the defect, and it was attached with a suture material (50 μm silk). Soft tissues were sutured layer by layer in the control group (n=30). Tissue excision was performed after 1, 3 and 12 months. Histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods were employed.
Results. We were gradually replacing DХEM with bone tissue against the background of a pronounced reaction of CD68+/MMP-9+ macrophages, which implied its resorption and lysis. Osteogenesis occurred via intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification, which was preceded by centripetal migration of endothelial kidneys with subsequent differentiation into capillaries and overgrowth of loose fibrous connective tissue containing progenitor cells. The microenvironment, represented by reticulin fibers, TGF-β1, and sulfated glycosaminoglycans, could contribute to the differentiation of progenitor cells in the osteogenic direction and to osteogenesis per se. In the control group, the defect remained open throughout the experiment.
Conclusion. Decellularized biomaterial, based on elastin matrix, has osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties and can serve an adequate biomimetic for reconstruction of the bone defects.
Over-the-counter protein supplement resulting in impaired thyroxine absorption in a hypothyroid patient
Authors: Kumarathunga P A D M , Kalupahana N S , Antonypillai C N
Published: July 2021

Whey protein is a popular dietary supplement that is claimed to provide multiple health benefits. It has been shown to delay gastric emptying and impair ileal nutrient absorption. Additionally, some of the other additives like papain enzyme, soy lecithin in these protein supplements could interfere with L-thyroxine absorption. There is no evidence in the literature for the effects of protein supplements on L-thyroxine absorption. Herein, we describe a case of a 34-year-old lady who was on endocrinology follow up for primary hypothyroidism with stable thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within the normal range while on L-thyroxine with a dose of 125 µg daily for the last 3 years, presenting with mild hypothyroid symptoms and elevated TSH level following a recent introduction of a protein supplement by her physical care adviser. Her treatment adherence and ingestion technique were good throughout, she was not on other medications or herbal remedies, there were no other changes in her food pattern or features suggestive of malabsorption, she was not pregnant, was taking the same L-thyroxine brand and TSH test was done from the routine lab. Since the only factor which could have contributed to the deranged TSH levels was the recent introduction of the whey protein supplement, we advised her to stop the protein supplement while continuing the same dose of L-thyroxine. Her TSH level was repeated in 6 weeks and was found to be normal (1.7 mIU/L). Our case report demonstrates that over-the-counter protein supplements could interfere with L-thyroxine absorption. Therefore, patients on L-thyroxine should be cautious when taking them.

Learning points

Over-the-counter protein supplements could interfere with oral L-thyroxine absorption.

The underlying mechanism could be the effect of whey protein by delaying gastric emptying and reduced responsiveness of organic anion transporters in the ileum, and there may be a contribution from other additives like papain and soy lecithin present in these supplements.

When there is an elevation of previously stable thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) value in a hypothyroid patient on oral L-thyroxine, the patient's assessment should include inquiring for a recent introduction of protein supplement, in the absence of other well-known risk factors.

Discontinuation of protein supplement results in normalization of thyroid function tests.

Patients on oral L-thyroxine should be cautious when taking over-the-counter protein supplementation.
AR gene rearrangement analysis in liquid biopsies reveals heterogeneity in lethal prostate cancer
Authors: Daniel Mark , Knutson Todd P , Sperger Jamie M , Li Yingming , Singh Anupama , Stahlfeld Charlotte N , Passow Courtney , Auch Benjamin , Lang Joshua M , Dehm Scott M
Published: July 2021

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is driven by AR gene aberrations that arise during androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy. AR amplification and mutations have been profiled in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), but whether AR gene rearrangements can be assessed in CTCs is unknown. In this study, we leveraged CRPC cell lines with defined AR gene rearrangements to develop and validate a CTC DNA analysis approach that utilized whole genome amplification and targeted DNA-sequencing of AR and other genes important in CRPC. We tested the utility of this approach by analyzing matched CTC DNA and plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from a case series of ten CRPC patients. One of ten CTC samples and two of ten cfDNA samples were positive for AR gene rearrangements. All AR gene rearrangements were discordant between matched liquid biopsy samples. One patient harbored separate AR gene rearrangements in CTC DNA and cfDNA, but concordant AR amplification and AR T878A mutation. This patient also displayed concordant loss of TP53 and PTEN, but the loss of RB1 in cfDNA only. The overall frequency of discordant alterations in these genes between matched CTC DNA and cfDNA was high. This study establishes the technical feasibility of analyzing structural rearrangements, mutations, and copy number variants in AR and other CRPC genes using two different sources of DNA from a single blood sample. Paired CTC DNA and cfDNA analysis may have utility for capturing the heterogeneity of genetic alterations in CRPC patients.
Emissions from the fused filament fabrication 3D printing with lignocellulose/polylactic acid filament
Authors: Zhu Qianqian , Yao Qian , Liu Jun , Sun Jianzhong , Wang Qianqian
Published: July 2021

The application of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D printing for offices, educational institutions, and small prototyping businesses has recently attracted increased attention. Thermal-fused filaments could emit potentially hazardous atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study evaluated the particle and VOCs emission characteristics of an FFF 3D printer with lignocellulose/polylactic acid (PLA) filament to reduce emissions. The PM2.5, PM0.2-10, and VOCs emission behaviors of the FFF 3D printer with a lignocellulose/PLA filament were investigated in a test chamber under different printing conditions. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was applied to analyze the formation of VOCs from lignocellulose/PLA filaments. Analysis indicated that particle formation dominated the heating process, whereas VOCs were mainly released during the printing process. The results further showed that printing at higher relative humidity and high filament feeding temperatures triggered higher VOCs emissions. In addition, high humidity facilitated particle agglomeration and reduced PM concentration. Printing at higher filament feeding temperatures also resulted in high particle emissions. Finally, Py-GC/MS analysis determined the decomposition products of the lignocellulose/PLA filament corresponding to the main ingredients of VOCs.
The potential of using forest waste as a raw material in particleboard manufacturing
Authors: Şahin Halil İbrahim
Published: July 2021

Wood particles and a mixture of forest waste were investigated as raw material for the particleboard industry. Urea formaldehyde resin was used as the adhesive in the production of the particleboards. Some chemical (pH, dilute alkali solubility, hot and cold water solubility), physical (density, moisture, thickness swelling, and water absorption), mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength, and screw holding strength) properties, as well as the contact angle values of the resulting particleboards were determined. Due to its needle litter and cone content, the forest waste exhibited a lower pH value and a higher content of extractive material than wood. Increasing the addition of forest waste led to significant reductions in the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards. The addition of forest waste reduced the internal bond strength the most (56.6%), whereas the least reduction (15.7%) was in the value of screw holding strength perpendicular to the surface. The values of all panels except panel type F exceeded the minimum modulus of elasticity (1600 N mm-2) required for furniture production according to the EN 312-P2 standard. Results of the analyses showed that forest waste (10% and 20%) is a suitable renewable raw material source for panel production.
Clinical Practice Guideline: Evaluation and Management of Well-Appearing Febrile Infants 8 to 60 Days Old
Authors: Pantell Robert H. , Roberts Kenneth B. , Adams William G. , Dreyer Benard P. , Kuppermann Nathan , O’Leary Sean T. , Okechukwu Kymika , Woods Charles R. ,   SUBCOMMITTEE ON FEBRILE INFANTS
Published: July 2021

This guideline addresses the evaluation and management of well-appearing, term infants, 8 to 60 days of age, with fever ≥38.0°C. Exclusions are noted. After a commissioned evidence-based review by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, an additional extensive and ongoing review of the literature, and supplemental data from published, peer-reviewed studies provided by active investigators, 21 key action statements were derived. For each key action statement, the quality of evidence and benefit-harm relationship were assessed and graded to determine the strength of recommendations. When appropriate, parents’ values and preferences should be incorporated as part of shared decision-making. For diagnostic testing, the committee has attempted to develop numbers needed to test, and for antimicrobial administration, the committee provided numbers needed to treat. Three algorithms summarize the recommendations for infants 8 to 21 days of age, 22 to 28 days of age, and 29 to 60 days of age. The recommendations in this guideline do not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a standard of medical care. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate.
MAIN TYPES OF AMERICAN SLANG AND ITS TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN
Authors: Hurko Olena
Published: July 2021

Background. Today, issues related to the study of slangisms are gaining new perspectives as slang is becoming an integral part of modern linguistics. Slangisms gradually become part of the language, function in it, and then disappear, giving opportunity new ones to exist (so new slang expressions can be formed). However, American slang is peculiar and unique, created in different social and age groups as a desire for brevity and expressiveness, sometimes as a protest against long words or as a desire to name an object or its properties in its own way. Therefore, considering the fact that linguistics of the 21st century is characterized by a tendency to analyze live communication, and oral language communication is still the most important aspect of language, we consider the study of American slang and the identification of its major groups to be relevant at the present stage of the development of linguistics and translation.Purpose. In our scientific study we aim to investigate the specifics of using American slangisms.Methods. In the context of studies, a descriptive method was used, which made it possible to theoretically generalize the results, systematize and interpret the functioning of slang units at a particular stage of language development, continuous sampling method was used to distinguish modern American slang units from the total number of lexemes as well as the method of translation transformations to achieve the adequate transmission of the content of these slangisms.Results. Scientists mainly distinguish two types of slang – general and special. However, there is currently no unanimity in distinguishing between special slang. Some researchers believe that special slang encompasses argo, kent, rhyming slang, social jargon and professional speeches, back slang. Others are convinced that special slang is a specific vocabulary and phraseology of social jargon, professional speeches, and the argo of the criminal world. However, in our opinion, special slang is basically a national phenomenon that has no analogues in another culture. Therefore, within our study we distinguish 4 types of slang: 1) rhyming slang; 2) mobile slang; 3) student slang; 4) everyday slang.Discussion. The issue of slang translation is one of the most difficult ones in translation theory. At the same time, it is important for any translator, because it is related to a number of elements, in particular, the translation variety of country studies, the culture of the translator, the availability of equivalents, context, education and knowledge of the translator. In our view, promising areas include the study of gender features in the use of American slang
POSTMODERN NON-LAUGHTER IRONY IN OŚCI BY I. KARPOWICZ AND FRUTCHEN BY T. HAVRYLIV
Authors: Kropyvko Iryna , Budilova Alexandra
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground. Irony and laughter in postmodern carnival prose are interrelated, yet notinterdependent. Irony is traditionally defined in terms of its laughter-causing trend; however,postmodern irony can be not funny. Its predominating sign is meaning ambiguity resulting from thegap between pronounced and non-pronounced. Irony is traced both in a meaning-shaping aspect(in which case both a message, and a code matter, and separate fragments of an ironic utterancegain significance), and in an intertextually-formal aspect of irony as a stylistic device and anexpression of the overall postmodern ironic mind.

Purpose. The article seeks to trace the narrative forms of the ironic game’s domination as anarrative pattern and composition principle of the prose by postmodern writers.

The research employs the methods of narrative analysis and receptive aesthetics.

Results. The meaning vector of Ignacy Karpowicz’s narrative strategy in his Ości tends tocreate a peculiar range of polysemy, which, among other meanings, is implied in the book title. Thetitle’s polysemy transits to the level on non-pronounced, to “ness”, which indicates a leftover fromthe verbalized. The intertextually-formal aspect of the irony determines the novel’s receptivestrategy. The reader has to read characters’ “true” story following the picture provided by thenarrator. The reader is offered a detailed picture of their thinking and self-analysis. The authorseems to be kidding at the techniques innate in formula-based genres, inheriting them and breakingstereotypes at the same time. An ironic effect is produced via hints, understatements, unexpectedapproaches to representation. The “narrative” irony is combined with irony over contemporarytrends in literary studies and postmodern philosophical discussions. Irony becomes not onlypolysemic, but multidimensional: it unfolds on the surface of the text like language and narrativegame and alludes to other texts, emphasizing the need for professional interpretation. Frutchen byTymofiy Havryliv is explored in terms of conceptual comparison with “S / Z” by R. Barthes, wherehe outlines the principles of deconstructive analysis. T. Havryliv seems to be following reverselogic; he constructs his text as a reflection of the way to read a hermeneutic code declared by R.Barthes, he walks his reader through all “twists” of deconstructive thinking. A complex system ofnarrators and narrative in the story makes a multidimensional irony over the theme, forms andnorms of academic presentation and formula-based fiction texts.

Discussion. The article outlines the forms of non-laughter irony and traces its impact on thecreation of polysemy of the postmodern fiction text. Besides, it indicates narrative devices andreceptive strategies used by the authors. In future, it is necessary to focus on the correlationbetween laughter and non-laughter poetics to emphasize ironic postmodern thinking in fiction texts.