bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Productive capacity of siberian larch growing stands in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Пуряев А.С. , Зарипов И.Н.
Published: September 2020

Дана оценка производительности древостоев лиственницы в Республике Та- тарстан. Установлено, что запас лиственничников составляет около 100 м³/га. Основная доля запаса сосредоточена в древостоях, произрастающих в условиях свежих сураменей предкамской и закамской частей республики. Наибольшая до- ля запасов стволовой древесины приходится на насаждения этой породы, произ- растающие в условиях свежих сураменей и раменей (С2) и (D2), соответственно 69 и 26%. Возрастная структура насаждений лиственницы неравномерная, сред- ний возраст древостоев этой породы варьирует от 35,9 в Предкамье до 39,1 в Предволжье. Также наблюдается варьирование этого показателя в разрезе лесо- растительных условий. Наибольший запас древесины лиственницы отмечается в насаждениях, произрастающих в свежих раменях, причем, до 40 лет разница в запасах древесины между древостоями, произрастающими в разных ТЛУ, ста- бильная, а после этого возраста запас лиственничников в ТЛУ D2 заметно увели- чивается. В условиях D2 (свежих раменей) лиственничники отличаются наи- большим средним запасом, наибольшие значения которого достигаются после 80 лет. В этих же условиях древостои лиственницы формируют высокобонитетные насаждения (Iа класса бонитета), которые к тому же отличаются наибольшей от- носительной полнотой. Распределение площади древостоев лиственницы сибиской по относительной полноте указывает на то, что основная доля высокобони- тетных насаждений относится к древостоям с полнотой 0,7–0,8. Отмечена необъективность применяемой классификации лесорастительных условий при оценке условий местопроизрастания. В условиях свежих раменей лиственнични- ки во всех регионах республики произрастают по Iа классу бонитета. В ТЛУ С2 этот показатель варьирует от Iа,9 в Закамье до Iа,5 в Предкамье. Значения по среднему годичному приросту запаса древостоев также сильно варьируют в раз- резе ТЛУ и геоморфологических районов республики почти во всех возрастных группах. Сделан вывод о том, что выращивать лиственницу сибирскую в усло- виях Республики Татарстан целесообразно и перспективно, т. е. необходимо увеличить площадь лиственничных культур в регионе.
A mathematical model of the steering wheel skidder
Authors: Као Х.Ж. , Кочнев А.М.
Published: September 2020

Параметры рулевого управления трактора оказывают существенное влияние на его эксплуатационные свойства и, в первую очередь, на маневренность и устойчивость заданного направления движения, а также на утомляемость оператора. В основу выбора параметров рулевого управления должен быть положен динамический анализ. Цель исследования – разработка математической модели динамики гидросистемы рулевого управления колесных трелевочных тракторов. Для уточнения ряда параметров математической модели рулевого управления выполнен цикл экспериментальных исследований колесных трелевочных тракторов. Разработанная математическая модель работы рулевого управления колесных трелевочных тракторов, реализованная в виде пакета прикладных програма для ЭВМ, адекватна происходящим в нем реальным динамическим процессам и рекомендуется к использованию в АСНИ и САПР «Колесный трелевочный трактор» при исследовании и оптимизации параметров рулевого управления существующих и проектируемых тракторов для заготовки леса.

The steering parameters of the tractor have a significant impact on its performance, and primarily on the maneuverability, stability of a given direction of movement, as well as fatigue of the operator. The choice of steering parameters should be based on dynamic analysis. The aim of the research is to develop a mathematical model of dynamics of hydraulic steering wheel skidders. For specification of a number of parameters of mathematical model of steering control the cycle of experimental researches of wheel skidders is executed. The developed mathematical model of steering wheel skidders, implemented in the form of a package of application software for computers, adequate to the real dynamic processes taking place in it and is recommended for use in ASNI and CAD «Wheel skidding tractor» in the study and optimization of steering parameters of existing and projected tractors for logging.
Improving the efficiency of forest management based on the optimization of non-continuous felling of growing plantations
Authors: Базаров С.М. , Беленький Ю.И. , Бачериков И.В. , Ильюшенко Д.А. , Базарова М.В. , Нгуен Ф.З.
Published: September 2020

В результате анализа динамических таблиц роста высокопродуктивных сосновых, эвкалиптовых и акациевых насаждений с достаточно коротким оборотом рубок установлено, что в процессе роста древостоев общий объем уменьшения биомассы в результате естественного отпада деревьев равен (сосна) или превосходит (эвкалипт, акация) асимптотическое значение, соответствующее спелому состоянию. Поэтому равномерно-постепенные рубки древостоев по классам возрастов в сочетании со сплошными рубками спелых древостоев обеспечивают получение максимально возможного объема биомассы выращиваемых насаждений. Анализ динамического состояния системы «лес– заготовка» с позиции решения кинетических уравнений экологической модели «зайцы–лисы» (зайцы – лес, лисы – заготовка) указывает на возможность устойчивого осциллирующего состояния лесопользования при естественном возобновлении ресурсов. В результате решения кинетических уравнений становятся возможными определение частоты устойчивых осцилляций системы «лес–заготовка» (решение прямой задачи) и реализация принципа гармонии природных и техногенных систем. Здесь процесс заготовки осуществляется несплошными (равномерно-постепенными) рубками, роль класса возрастов выполняет период колебания, соответствующий определяемой частоте. Данный подход предполагает также решение обратной задачи: при выбранных частоте устойчивых осцилляций системы и динамике роста насаждений – определение соответствующих параметров заготовки.

Analysis of the dynamic state of the system «forest–harvesting» from the standpoint of solving the kinetic equations of the ecological model «hares–foxes» (hares – forest, foxes – harvesting) indicates the possibility of a sustainable oscillating state of forest management with the natural renewal of resources. As a result of the kinetic equations solution it becomes possible to determine the frequency of stable oscillations of the forest- harvesting system (direct problem solution) and to realize the principle of natural and man- made systems harmony. Here the process of harvesting is carried out by non-flat (evenly- gradual) felling, the role of the age class performs the period of oscillation corresponding to the determined frequency. With this approach, it is possible to formulate the same inverse problem: the chosen frequency of stable oscillations of the system and the growth dynamics of plantings to determine the appropriate parameters of the work piece.
Model of energy assessment of the rationality of combining up of forestry machines
Authors: Валяжонков В.Д. , Добрынин Ю.А. , Моштаков А.А.
Published: September 2020

Выбор наилучшего варианта машинно-тракторного агрегата (МТА) обычно выполняют с помощью тягового коэффициента полезного действия трактора ηт или коэффициента полезного действия агрегата ηа. Применение данных показателей при составлении агрегатов не совсем удачно. С помощью ηт можно дать энергетическую оценку только базовому трактору, но не агрегату в целом, так как он вскрывает полезную долю мощности не на рабочем органе агрегатируемого орудия, а на крюке трактора. Мощность, подводимая к рабочему органу орудия, учитывает ηа, но нет надежного метода ее измерения. Однако главным недостатком данных показателей является то, что они не отражают очень важную сторону явления – какое количество технологической работы можно создать на полезно затрачиваемую энергию. Для оценки рациональности составления машинно-тракторных агрегатов при выполнении лесохозяйственных работ предлагается использовать комплексный показатель «удельная энергопроизводительность», представляющий собой отношение технической производительности к используемой мощности двигателя базового трактора. Этот показатель отражает количество выполненной технологической работы при затраченной мощности, что дает возможность оценки с энергетической точки зрения конструктивного совершенства лесохозяйственных машинно-тракторных агрегатов и их приспособляемости к выполнению соответствующей технологической операции

The choice of the best version of the machine and tractor unit (MTU) is usually carried out by means of the traction efficiency (E) of the tractor ηm or unit efficiency ηа. Application of these indexes by drawing up units is not absolutely successful. With the help ηm it is possible to give a power assessment only to the basic tractor, but not the unit in general as it opens the useful share of power not on an action of the aggregated tool, and on a tractor hook. The power brought to a tool action considers ηа, but there is no reliable method of its measurement. However the main lack of these indicators is that they do not reflect very important party of the phenomenon – what number of technological work can be created on it is useful the spent energy. For assessment of rationality of drawing up machine and tractor units when performing forestry and landscape works the complex index – the specific power efficiency representing the attitude of technical efficiency towards the used engine capacity of the basic tractor is offered to use. This index reflects the number of the performed technological work at the spent power that the design perfection of forestry and landscape machine and tractor units and their adaptability to realization of the corresponding technological operation gives the chance of assessment from the power point of view.
Growth of pine stands on the dried lands of the Leningrad region
Authors: Бабиков Б.В. , Шурыгин С.Г. , Богданова Л.С.
Published: September 2020

Особенность исследований с оценкой изменения состояния древесных насаждений является необходимость длительного изучения. Для комплексной оценки влияния осушения на лесные биогеоценозы и окружающую среду в Лисино кафедрой почвоведения и гидромелиорации в 1973 г. был заложен стационар Малиновский . В статье приведены данные 40летних наблюдений за изменением водного режима объекта разной степени осушения и состояния почв и динамикой роста сосновых древостоев на осушенных территориях. Также приведены результаты почвенных исследований и динамика мощности торфа после осушения.

Feature of researches with assessment of change of a condition of wood plantings need of long studying. For complex assessment of the impact of drainage on forest biogeocenoses and the environment in Lisino by the department of soil science and hydromelioration in 1973 put a constant trial areas Malinovsky . In article data of 40 summer observations of dynamics of growth pine forest stands are given in the drained territories. Results of soil researches and the loudspeaker of power of peat after drainage are also given.
Notes on the new book «Honorary members of IUFRO: 1953-2017»
Authors: Алексеев А.С.
Published: September 2020

В сентябре 2017 года Международный союз лесных научно-исследовательских организаций (ИЮФРО) отметил свое 125-летие со дня основания. К этому мероприятию была подготовлена книга Теплякова В.К. Почетные члены ИЮФРО: 1953-2017 . В рецензии проведен анализ содержания книги и ей дана высокая оценка.

In September 2017, the international Union of forest research organizations (IUFRO) celebrated its 125th anniversary. To this event a book of Teplyakov V.K. Honorary members of IUFRO: 1953-2017 was written. The review analyzes the information content of the book and gives it a high rating.
Initial testing of students as part of the training method for the skidder operator
Authors: Грязин В.А.
Published: September 2020

Разработана методика первичного тестирования обучающихся на предмет приспособленности к работе с управляемым манипулятором по профессии рабочего 14269 Машинист трелевочной машины . Апробация методики проведена с использованием учебного стенда СГУ-ГПМ на базе Лаборатории сервиса лесных машин ФГБОУ ВО Поволжский государственный технологический университет . Приведенный анализ результатов исследования включает данные времени выполнения цикла перемещения груза для группы обучающихся. Установлено влияние количества повторений цикла работы СГУ-ГПМ на эффективность взаимодействия операторов с перегрузочным оборудованием. Доказано, что в процессе многократного повторения цикла обучающиеся усваивают основные навыки работы с манипулятором и запоминают функционал органов управления, как следствие сокращается время цикла и растет стабильность результатов за счет снижения разброса времени цикла. После стабилизации результатов на учебном стенде СГУ-ГПМ обучающийся получает устойчивый навык работы с органами управления и понимает особенности кинематики шарнирно-сочлененных гидравлических перегрузочных манипуляторов, что позволяет перейти к дальнейшим этапам обучения.

A methodology was developed for the primary testing of students for fitness for work with an operated manipulator by worker profession 14269 Skidder operator . The methodology was tested using the training stand on the basis of the Forest Machines Service Laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Volga State University of Technology . The analysis of the study results includes data on the execution time of the load movement cycle for a group of students. The influence of number of the training stand cycling on the efficiency of interaction between operators and handling equipment was established. It is proved that in the process of repeated cycling, students learn the basic skills of working with the manipulator and memorize the functionality of the controls, as a result, the cycle time is reduced and the stability of the results is increased by reducing the variation in cycle time. After stabilizing the results at the training stand, the student gains a steady skill in working with control devices and understands the kinematics of the articulated hydraulic overload manipulators, which allows us to proceed to the further stages of training.
Papermaking properties of tropical wood pulp
Authors: Кхоа Х.М. , Макаров М.И. , Казаков Я.В. , Окулова Е.О.
Published: September 2020

В работе рассмотрены структурно-морфологические и бумагообразующие свойства целлюлозы, полученной сульфатным способом из древесины тропических пород – Bambusa blumeana и акация Acacia hybrid, местом произрастания которых является Вьетнам. Выполнено сравнение со свойствами целлюлозы из древесины традиционных северных лиственных (смесь березы и осины 50:50) и хвойных пород. Структурно-морфологические свойства определены на автоматическом анализаторе волокна L&W Fiber Tester. Цифровые микрофотографии получены на микроскопе «ImagerM2m Carl Zeiss». Исследованы образцы до и после размола на мельнице Йокро до степени помола 30 °ШР, для целлюлозы из акации – 20 °ШР. Установлено, что, по сравнению с лиственной целлюлозой, волокна бамбука более длинные (1,8 мм против 1,0 мм), с меньшей шириной (17 мкм против 26 мкм), более изогнутые (фактор формы 87,5 против 92,5) и имеют больше изломов (0,42 против 0,29). Волокна акации более короткие (0,9 мм против 1,0 мм), с меньшей шириной (19 мкм против 26 мкм), более изогнутые (фактор формы 91,6 против 92,5) и имеют больше изломов (0,44 против 0,29). По сравнению с хвойной целлюлозой волокна бамбука и акации более короткие с меньшей шириной, менее изогнутые и имеют больше изломов. Использование небеленой целлюлозы из бамбука и акации в композиции небеленых видов бумаги и картона не приведет к повышению их прочности и жесткости, но может использоваться для повышения эластичности и растяжимости, что должно быть установлено в дальнейших исследованиях.

The paper considers the structural-morphological and papermaking properties of kraft pulp from tropical woods – Bambusa blumeana and Acacia hybrid, the place of growth of which is Vietnam. A comparison with the properties of traditional northern hardwood pulp (a mixture of birch and aspen 50:50) and softwood pulp was made. Structural and morphological properties are determined on an automatic fiber analyzer L&W Fiber Tester. Digital micrographs were taken with an ImagerM2m Carl Zeiss microscope. Samples were studied before and after refining at the Yokro mill to 30° SR, for acacia pulp – 20°SR. It was found that, compared with hardwood pulp, bamboo fibers are longer (1.8 mm vs 1.0 mm), with a smaller width (17 μm vs 26 μm), more curved (shape factor 87.5 vs 92.5) and have more kinks (0.42 versus 0.29). Acacia fibers are shorter (0.9 mm vs 1.0 mm), with a smaller width (19 μm vs
26 μm), more curved (shape factor 91.6 vs 92.5) and have more kinks (0.44 vs 0.29). Compared to softwood pulp, bamboo and acacia fibers are shorter with a smaller width, less curved and have more kinks. The use of unbleached pulp from bamboo and acacia in the furnish of unbleached types of paper and cardboard will not lead to an increase in their strength and stiffness, but can be used to increase elasticity and extensibility, which should be established in further studies.
Technologies of fibrous semi-finished products for various purposes from miscanthus
Authors: Булыгина С.В. , Севастьянова Ю.В. , Коваленко М.В.
Published: September 2020

В ходе исследовательской работы проанализированы способы получения целлюлозы из недревесного растительного сырья. Отработана технология получения целлюлозы высокого выхода сульфатным способом из мискантуса, пригодной для использования в композиции компонентов тарного картона. Условия получения целлюлозы высокого выхода: расход активной щелочи – 7%, температура – 150 °С, продолжительность – 30 мин, гидромодуль варки – 5, продолжительность горячего размола – 5 мин. Отработана технология получения химико-термомеханической массы из сечки. Условия получения: расход активной щелочи – 3%, продолжительность пропитки при 90 °С – 10 мин, продолжительность обработки при 120 °С – 10 мин, гидромодуль – 5. Отработан технологический режим отбелки химико-термомеханической массы из мискантуса по укороченной схеме Х – ЩП1 – ЩП2 с расходом Н2О2 60 кг/т, белизна образца составила 55% ISO. Отработана технология получения нейтрально-сульфитной полуцеллюлозы из мискантуса, пригодной для использования в композиции компонентов тарного картона. Условия получения нейтрально-сульфитной полуцеллюлозы: расход активной щелочи – 20%, температура – 175 °С, продолжительность – 50 мин, гидромодуль варки – 7, продолжительность горячего размола 5 мин. В соответствии с полученными результатами можно сделать вывод о том, что мискантус может быть использован для получения аналога лиственной сульфатной целлюлозы для применения в композиции различных видов бумаг.

In the course of the research work, methods for obtaining cellulose from non-wood plant raw materials were analyzed. The technology of obtaining high yield cellulose by sulphate method from miscanthus, suitable for use in the composition of container cardboard components, has been developed. Conditions for obtaining high yield cellulose: active alkali consumption –7%, temperature-150 °C, duration – 30 minutes, cooking hydromodule – 5, duration of hot grinding – 5 minutes. The technology of obtaining a chemical-thermomechanical mass from a cross-section has been worked out. Production conditions: active alkali consumption – 3%, impregnation duration at 90 °C – 10 min, processing duration at 120 °C – 10 min, hydromodule – 5. The technological mode of bleaching the chemical-thermomechanical mass from miscanthus according to the shortened scheme Q – P1 – P2 with a consumption of H2O2 of 60 kg/t, the sample whiteness was 55% ISO. The technology of obtaining neutral-sulfite semi-cellulose from miscanthus, suitable for use in the composition of container cardboard components, has been developed. Conditions for producing neutral-sulfite semicellulose: active alkali consumption – 20%, temperature – 175 °C, duration – 50 minutes, cooking hydromodule – 7, duration of hot grinding – 5 minutes. In accordance with the results obtained, it can be concluded that miscanthus can be used to obtain an analog of leafy sulphate cellulose for use in the composition of various types of papers.
Aktivitas Hidrolisis Ekstrak Kasar Lipase dari Kecambah Biji Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa L) dengan Variasi Waktu Perkecambahan
Authors: Hendrik Gersandi , Ledo Mellissa Erlyn Stephanie , Nitsae Merpiseldin
Published: September 2020

Biji kesambi mengandung beberapa jenis asam lemak seperti asam miristat, asam palmitat, asam stearat,asam arakidat, asam oleat dan asam linoleat. Proses perkecambahan merupakan tahap awal perkembangantumbuhan berbiji yang didukung oleh peran enzim. Enzim lipase berperan untuk mengatur kecepatanpemecahan lemak dan sintesis lemak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas hidrolisis ekstrakkasar lipase kecambah biji kesambi dan kadar protein dalam ekstrak kasar lipase kecambah biji kesambi. Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukan aktivitas hidrolisis ekstrak kasar lipase kecambah biji kesambi tertinggi adalah harike 13 sebesar 41,3 U/ml, kadar protein tertinggi pada hari ke 13 sebesar 1,11 gr/mL, aktivitas spesifik tertinggipada hari ke 11 sebesar 69,20 U/gr, sehingga penggunaan kecambah biji kesambi pada usia kecambah 11 haridirekomendasikan sebagai sumber lipase.
The impact of the capital structure on Iraqi banks’ performance
Authors: Mohsin Jadah Hamid , Adel Hassan Aya , Majed Hameed Teba , Hashim Mohammed Al-Husainy Noor
Published: September 2020

The current paper aims to investigate the effect of the capital structure on the profitability of a panel of eighteen Iraqi listed banks from 2009 to 2018. Furthermore, the unbalanced panel data approach (fixed effect and random effect) is utilized to explore the influence of capital structure on banks’ profitability. This study’s findings point out that the banks’ performance in terms of return on assets has a significant positive association with equity to assets ratio, liabilities to assets ratio, and bank size. On the other hand, long-term debt to assets ratio, short-term debt to assets ratio, and total debt to assets ratio showed a significant negative effect on banks’ performance. This study highlights new facts for an enhanced understanding of the capital structure and its association with banks’ performance in developing economies like Iraq. This study is considered one of the earliest studies of its types by determining the Iraqi banks’ optimal structure and examining capital structure’s impact on their performance. Nevertheless, the study contributes significantly to theoretical literature, policymakers, and industry so that conventional Iraqi banks can boost their performance.
A FILOSOFIA E A HISTÓRIA DA CIÊNCIA COMO ESTRATÉGIA PARA RESSIGNIFICAR O ENSINO NO CURRÍCULO INTEGRADO
Authors: Rodrigues Ricardo Antonio , Ramos de Souza Fernanda Lavarda , Ribeiro Liára Colpo
Published: September 2020

O Currículo Integrado exige uma abordagem interdisciplinar dos conceitos e conteúdos por parte dos docentes, tendo em vista a necessidade de que sejam constituídos pontes e diálogos entre os diferentes saberes, seja pelas disciplinas básicas ou técnicas. A abordagem de conceitos mais dedutivos formais em sala de aula pode produzir no estudante desencantamento se a ciência, a técnica e a tecnologia não forem humanizadas. A História e a Filosofia da Ciência podem ser o caminho mais eficiente para oportunizar uma experiência mais próxima da realidade do discente. Humanizar-se e humanizar a ciência e a tecnologia são meios eficazes para incluir no ato educativo, junto com os conteúdos e conceitos a serem trabalhados, a possibilidade de que o discente se faça as perguntas originárias, filosóficas e científicas que foram feitas através da história e se sinta convocado para ser produtor de conhecimento, não apenas um espectador de aulas sobre ciência e tecnologia. Nada pode ser mais eficaz do que discente se sentir motivado a pensar de modo filosófico e científico o mundo da ciência e da tecnologia à luz da interdisciplinaridade, algo inerente ao Currículo Integrado.
REPERCUSSÕES DA PRÁTICA PROFISSIONAL INTEGRADA NA FORMAÇÃO DE ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO INTEGRADO À EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Marques Maristela Beck , Vieira Josimar De Aparecido , Pontel Taiane Lucas
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho, oriundo de um recorte de uma investigação de dissertação de mestrado, analisa as percepções de egressos do ensino médio integrado à educação profissional (EMIEP) de dois cursos técnicos de um Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia no que diz respeito a metodologia de ensino denominada Prática Profissional Integrada (PPI) desenvolvida por esta instituição. Constituído numa abordagem qualitativa, é analisada a importância da PPI no processo formativo de estudantes do EMIEP e o reconhecimento (ou não) da presença da indissociabilidade do ensino, pesquisa e extensão e os desafios e perspectivas encontradas neste processo. Foi produzido a partir da revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e pesquisa de campo por meio de um estudo de caso envolvendo egressos dos referidos cursos, sendo que a coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um questionário. O trabalho apresenta os princípios do EMIEP e a indissociabilidade do ensino, pesquisa e extensão, as singularidades da PPI, os resultados e as discussões da investigação e as considerações finais. Esses pontos, apresentados de forma interligada e interdependente, indicam que é necessário trazer para a educação básica, metodologias capazes de superar a fragmentação curricular e a superação da distância da análise e intervenção na realidade.
PRODUÇÃO DE SENTIDOS A PARTIR DA LEITURA DE ESQUEMAS DIDÁTICOS REPRESENTATIVOS DA RESPIRAÇÃO HUMANA
Authors: Mendes Jacqueline Ribeiro de Souza , Carneiro Maria Helena Da Silva
Published: September 2020

Esquemas são representações visuais presentes nos livros didáticos de Ciências e Biologia, frequentemente utilizados no ensino e aprendizagem dessas disciplinas. Entretanto, pesquisas apontam dificuldades na interpretação dessas representações pelos alunos. Investigamos a produção de sentidos a partir da leitura de esquemas representativos de processos envolvidos no fenômeno da respiração, conteúdo trabalhado ao longo da educação básica. Participaram três alunas de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas, que realizaram atividades de leitura e produção de esquemas durante entrevistas individuais. Definimos níveis de leitura para a análise dos dados, a partir dos conceitos de iconografia e iconologia propostos por Panofsky e dos conceitos de sintaxe, semântica e pragmática utilizados por Calado em estudo sobre imagens em contextos educativos. Identificamos diferentes níveis de interpretação para um mesmo esquema, o que pode estar relacionado à familiaridade das participantes com elementos icônicos e simbólicos utilizados na produção dessas representações visuais, bem como a conhecimentos prévios acerca da respiração, em alguns casos em desacordo com o conhecimento científico vigente ou em um nível aquém do esperado o nível de escolarização das alunas. Enfatizamos a necessidade de discutir, em cursos de formação de professores, questões relacionadas à produção, leitura e utilização de esquemas.

Palavras-chave: Leitura. Imagens. Esquema. Respiração.
A PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA SOBRE AS MULHERES NA CIÊNCIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Da Conceição Josefa Martins , Fontoura Teixeira Maria Do Rocio
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo pesquisar o estado da arte da produção acadêmica sobre as mulheres na ciência brasileira entre 2007 e 2017. Como estratégias de busca, utilizou-se os descritores “mulheres na ciência”, “mulher e ciência”, “mulheres cientistas”, “gênero e ciência”, tendo como fonte o Portal de Periódicos da Capes, o Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Capes, a Base Scielo e a Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT). Neste estudo, selecionou-se 04 periódicos nacionais, classificados como A1, A2, B1 e B2 no Qualis – Capes e neles foram analisados 24 artigos. Os resultados revelam uma participação inegável das mulheres no campo científico, crescendo nas Ciências Biológicas, na Matemática e na Química. Demonstram uma atuação, mesmo que modesta, na Engenharia e na Física. A equação mulheres X mundo da ciência ainda não é a ideal, mesmo considerando os avanços recentes.
Palavras-Chave: Mulheres Cientistas. Estado da Arte. Gênero. Ciência Brasileira.
TRABALHO E UNIVERSIDADE: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O PERFIL DE JOVENS TRABALHADORES EGRESSOS DA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA NO PARÁ
Authors: Silva João Batista Do Carmo , Silva Benilda Miranda Veloso , Gaia Cheliane Estumano
Published: September 2020

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o processo de formação de egressos trabalhadores, investigando como ocorreu o processo de inserção destes no mundo do trabalho, a fim de compreender a sua vida profissional após a conclusão de um curso de Graduação em uma instituição privada de Educação a Distância (EaD), assim como, suas implicações para a sua formação. Metodologicamente, este trabalho, segundo as bases de investigação, utilizou o materialismo histórico dialético, valendo-se da pesquisa qualitativa e procedimento técnico do Estudo de Caso. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários socioeconômicos com licenciados do curso de Pedagogia e de entrevista semiestruturada. Assim, a partir dos resultados, é fato que a que a educação oferecida pela instituição contribuiu de forma significativa, tanto no aspecto profissional quanto humano de seus egressos. Conclui-se que existem contradições no perfil dos jovens universitários egressos da EaD e as possibilidades da EaD são consideradas positivas em decorrência da flexibilidade oferecida pela instituição, sendo que o aspecto negativo, dessa modalidade, se encontra na interatividade com os tutores que não conseguem suprir as dificuldades dos alunos, tornando a relação tutor/aluno uma dificuldade para a produção e a socialização do conhecimento.
Mercado de trabajo transfronterizo México-Guatemala: una construcción desde la experiencia de los trabajadores
Authors: Nájera-Aguirre Jéssica Natalia
Published: September 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es fundar la estructura y funcionamiento del mercado laboral local transfronterizo entre la región de Chiapas del Soconusco y el suroeste de Guatemala, a partir de una construcción “desde abajo”, basada en la experiencia vivida por trabajadores guatemaltecos entrevistados. La perspectiva transfronteriza, económica y poblacional fue la guía para vincular la oferta y la demanda de trabajadores, y los lugares de origen y destino laboral, como una forma de evitar el nacionalismo metodológico. La construcción de conocimiento desde la vida cotidiana permitió visibilizar la diversidad de los actores participantes, así como la conexión entre las necesidades de los trabajadores y los empleadores, las redes laborales transfronterizas (formales e informales) y las posibilidades de cruce, estancia y trabajo remunerado en el país vecino. El mercado laboral transfronterizo aquí detallado permite considerar nuevos escenarios a la luz de la reciente llegada de inmigrantes extranjeros a la región.
Identification of Functional Variants Associated with Obesity in Pakistani Kindred
Authors: Aftab Ayesha , Jamal Syed Babar , Bakhtiar Syeda Marriam
Published: September 2020

Background:

Obesity is an emerging pandemic considered to be an outcome of change in
lifestyle owing to more processed food and the use of mechanical locomotives. Obesity has not only
appeared as a problem in the esthetic appearance of an individual rather is a serious health issue due
to its associations with various chronic diseases such as coronary and cardiovascular problems, hypertension,
osteoarthritis, type-II diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and certain cancers. It is estimated
that 30 percent of the world’s population, i.e. approximately 2.1 billion people, are victims of
obesity. In addition to environmental causes, various genes and a group of genes are reported to be
increasing the suceptibility of obesity.

Objective:

Pakistan is a heterogeneous population, an amalgam of various races, therefore, narrowing
down the list of obesity-associated genes and their functional variance could help molecular biologists
to select potential SNPs in the Pakistani population for molecular diagnosis and treatment.

Method:

The extraction of a set of obesity-associated genes has been performed by using Polysearch2.
SNPs for each gene are retrieved from dbSNP. RegulomeDB and SNPinfo tools have been
used for the functional analysis of SNPs retrieved against the Pakistani population. For the prediction
of potential deleterious SNPs, SIFT, Polyphen-2, MUTTASTER, MUTASSESSOR, and LRT
(likelihood ratio test) are utilized. Functional analysis of potential deleterious SNPs has been performed
by studying protein stability and mapping of identified SNPs to protein structure. For the
protein stability analysis, I-Mutant and SNPs3D have been used.

Results:

Four genes FTO, POMC, LEPR, and MC4R and further analysis revealed 3 deleterious
SNPs in FTO, 4 in POMC, 1 in LEPR, and 1 in MC4R.

Conclusion:

This research was designed to identify obesity-associated genes and the most impactful
deleterious SNPs in these genes. These findings will be helpful for the molecular biologists and
pharmacists to design better and focused diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Luck’s Role in Business Success: Why it’s too Important to Leave to Chance
Authors: Hafer John , Gresham George G.
Published: September 2020

Luck is a complex concept that has received extensive exposure in the philosophical literature. However, as a variable relating to an individual’s professional success, it has seen little exposure in the management literature, and any previous work in that literature has defined luck only in the most general terms. Luck depends on many factors. Moral luck differs from epistemic luck, and each has complex sub-dimensions. These are explained, and in that explanation, four other constructs are shown to relate to luck, namely, attribution theory, locus of control theory, victimization and, finally, professional success. Several research hypotheses are offered, and possible explanatory models are presented relating these constructs.
Diagnose en echogeleide verwijdering van een vaginaal vreemd voorwerp bij een hond en een kat
Authors: Gatel L. , Gory G. , De Pauw B. , Rault D. N.
Published: September 2020

In deze casuïstiek worden de identificatie en verwijdering beschreven van een intravaginaal grasaar met behulp van echografie bij een hond en een kat. De hond werd aangeboden voor chronische vaginale uitvloei gedurende reeds meer dan twee jaar. De kat werd aangeboden voor acute lethargie, bloederige vaginale uitvloei en een voorgeschiedenis van perivulvaire uitvloei gedurende twee weken. Met behulp van echografie werden er een lineaire, hyperechogene, spoelvormige structuur en een milde verdikking van de vaginawand in beeld gebracht. Het grasaar werd in beide gevallen succesvol onder algemene anesthesie niet-invasief verwijderd, onder echobegeleiding en met behulp van een hartmanntang. Echogeleide verwijdering van een grasaar uit de vagina is een veilige en goedkope techniek.
Aangeboren immuniteit van aviaire macrofagen geïnduceerd door Chlamydia psittaci
Authors: Lagae S. , Vanrompay D.
Published: September 2020

Chlamydia psittaci is een obligate, gramnegatieve bacterie. Deze bacterie infecteert voornamelijk vogels en zoogdieren. Er is weinig bekend over hoe C. psittaci de aangeboren immuniteit initieert van zijn gastheercel. In deze studie worden de activering van macrofagen en de expressie beschreven van cytokinen, chemokinen, caspase-1, iNOS en TLR genen gedurende de vroege en middelste fase van de ontwikkelingscyclus van de hoog virulente C. psittaci stam 92/1293. Een significante opregulatie van alle genen werd geobserveerd na infectie, vooral tijdens de middelste fase van de ontwikkelingscyclus. De resultaten geven een beter beeld van hoe het aangeboren immuunsysteem van aviaire macrofagen beïnvloed wordt door een C. psittaci-infectie.
MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP FUNGSI MATA KULIAH MATEMATIKA EKONOMI MELALUI PERMAINAN KRIPTOGRAFI (CRYPTOGAME)
Authors: Mubarok Najib
Published: September 2020

Abstrak: Konsep fungsi merupakan salah satu materi abstrak matematika yang sangat penting dalam mata kuliah Matematika Ekonomi. Pembelajaran materi fungsi perlu disusun agar tidak deduktif, jauh dari unsur doktrinasi, serta bersifat konkret. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyusun aktifitas pembelajaran materi fungsi melalui permainan pengiriman pesan rahasia menggunakan algoritma kriptografi sandi Caesar. Lebih lanjut, tulisan ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh permainan kriptografi tersebut dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konseptual materi fungsi terhadap mahasiswa ES semester II STAINU Temanggung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen. Dari hasil uji perbandingan Mann Whitney-U, didapatkan nilai Asymp. Sig. (2 tailed) sebesar 0,039. Dengan demikian, terbukti bahwa permainan kriptografi memberikan dampak positif dalam memahami konsep fungsi.Abstract: Concept of function is one of the most critical abstract mathematical material in the Economics Mathematics course. Learning processes of function concept need to be arranged to make it not deductive, far from the elements of doctrine, and are concrete. This paper aims to arrange learning activities of the function concept through secret message delivery games using Caesar cryptographic algorithms. Moreover, this paper also aims to determine the effect of the cryptographic game in increasing conceptual understanding of functional material for the second semester ES students of STAINU Temanggung. The method used in this research was quasi-experimental. From the results of the Mann Whitney-U comparison test, the value of Asymp. Sig (2 tailed) is 0.039. Thus, it is proved that cryptographic games have a positive impact on understanding the concept of function.
Mental Health Practitioners’ Immediate Practical Response During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Questionnaire Study
Authors: Reilly Shannon E , Zane Katherine L , McCuddy William T , Soulliard Zachary A , Scarisbrick David M , Miller Liv E , Mahoney III James J
Published: September 2020

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased psychological distress, signaling the need for increased mental health services in the context of stay-at-home policies.

Objective

This study aims to characterize how mental health practitioners have changed their practices during the pandemic. The authors hypothesize that mental health practitioners would increase tele–mental health services and that certain provider types would be better able to adapt to tele–mental health than others.

Methods

The study surveyed 903 practitioners, primarily psychologists/doctoral-level (Psych/DL) providers, social workers/master’s-level (SW/ML) providers, and neuropsychologists employed in academic medical centers or private practices. Differences among providers were examined using Bonferroni-adjusted chi-square tests and one-way Bonferroni-adjusted analyses of covariance.

Results

The majority of the 903 mental health practitioners surveyed rapidly adjusted their practices, predominantly by shifting to tele–mental health appointments (n=729, 80.82%). Whereas 80.44% (n=625) were not using tele–mental health in December 2019, only 22.07% (n=188) were not by late March or early April 2020. Only 2.11% (n=19) reported no COVID-19–related practice adjustments. Two-thirds (596/888, 67.10%) reported providing additional therapeutic services specifically to treat COVID-19–related concerns. Neuropsychologists were less likely and Psych/DL providers and SW/ML providers were more likely than expected to transition to tele–mental health (P<.001). Trainees saw fewer patients (P=.01) and worked remotely more than licensed practitioners (P=.03). Despite lower rates of information technology service access (P<.001), private practice providers reported less difficulty implementing tele–mental health than providers in other settings (P<.001). Overall, the majority (530/889, 59.62%) were interested in continuing to provide tele–mental health services in the future.

Conclusions

The vast majority of mental health providers in this study made practice adjustments in response to COVID-19, predominantly by rapidly transitioning to tele–mental health services. Although the majority reported providing additional therapeutic services specifically to treat COVID-19–related concerns, only a small subset endorsed offering such services to medical providers. This has implications for future practical directions, as frontline workers may begin to seek mental health treatment related to the pandemic. Despite differences in tele–mental health uptake based on provider characteristics, the majority were interested in continuing to provide such services in the future. This may help to expand clinical services to those in need via tele–mental health beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Molecular and Cellular Biomarkers of COVID-19 Prognosis: Protocol for the Prospective Cohort TARGET Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kurizky Patricia , Nóbrega Otávio T , Soares Alexandre Anderson De Sousa Munhoz , Aires Rodrigo Barbosa , Albuquerque Cleandro Pires De , Nicola André Moraes , Albuquerque Patrícia , Teixeira-Carvalho Andréa , Naves Luciana Ansaneli , Fontes Wagner , Luz Isabelle Souza , Felicori Liza , Gomides Ana Paulo Monteiro , Mendonça-Silva Dayde Lane , Espindola Laila Salmen , Martins-Filho Olindo Assis , de Lima Sheila Maria Barbosa , Mota Licia Maria Henrique , Gomes Ciro Martins
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world’s attention has been focused on better understanding the relation between the human host and the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as its action has led to hundreds of thousands of deaths.

OBJECTIVE

In this context, we decided to study certain consequences of the abundant cytokine release over the innate and adaptive immune systems, inflammation, and hemostasis, comparing mild and severe forms of COVID-19.

METHODS

To accomplish these aims, we will analyze demographic characteristics, biochemical tests, immune biomarkers, leukocyte phenotyping, immunoglobulin profile, hormonal release (cortisol and prolactin), gene expression, thromboelastometry, neutralizing antibodies, metabolic profile, and neutrophil function (reactive oxygen species production, neutrophil extracellular trap production, phagocytosis, migration, gene expression, and proteomics). A total of 200 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction–confirmed patients will be enrolled and divided into two groups: mild/moderate or severe/critical forms of COVID-19. Blood samples will be collected at different times: at inclusion and after 9 and 18 days, with an additional 3-day sample for severe patients. We believe that this information will provide more knowledge for future studies that will provide more robust and useful clinical information that may allow for better decisions at the front lines of health care.

RESULTS

The recruitment began in June 2020 and is still in progress. It is expected to continue until February 2021. Data analysis is scheduled to start after all data have been collected. The coagulation study branch is complete and is already in the analysis phase.

CONCLUSIONS

This study is original in terms of the different parameters analyzed in the same sample of patients with COVID-19. The project, which is currently in the data collection phase, was approved by the Brazilian Committee of Ethics in Human Research (CAAE 30846920.7.0000.0008).

CLINICALTRIAL

Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-62zdkk; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-62zdkk

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/24211
Correction: mHealth Interventions to Promote Anti-Retroviral Adherence in HIV: Narrative Review (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Stephen B , Valerius Joanne
Published: September 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Antiretrovirals (ARVs) are key in the management of HIV. Although no cure exists, ARVs help patients live healthy lives and prevent transmission to others. Adherence to complex regimens is paramount to outcomes and in avoiding the emergence of drug-resistant viruses. The goal of therapy is to reach an undetectable viral load. However, adherence is a common problem, stemming from issues such as mental health, chaotic home situations, and busy work schedules. Mobile health (mHealth) represents a new approach in improving medication adherence, and multiple studies have been performed in this area.
IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF TURMESAC®
Authors: H. M. FIROZ , S. NANJUNDAIAH , C. T. SADASHIVA
Published: September 2020

Objective: In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective activity of Turmesac® on Human liver cells (HepG2 cell line) and anti-inflammatory effect on Murine macrophages (Raw 264.7 cell line) by flow Cytometry.

Methods: Cell viability of HepG2 and Raw 264.7 cells determined by the MTT [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide] assay to identify a non-cytotoxic concentration of Turmesac® for the respective cell lines after 24 h exposure period. Further hepatoprotective effect of Turmesac® was performed in H2O2 treated liver cells using H2DCF-DA staining by flow cytometry. The anti-inflammatory potency of Turmesac® was evaluated in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS 2µg/ml) stimulated Murine Raw 264.7 macrophages by measuring the relative fluorescence intensity of 2 cytokines, Interleukin-8(IL-8) and (Interleukin-12) IL-12 by flow cytometric analysis.

Results: Turmesac® concentrations of less than 50μg/ml did not show significant cytotoxicity on both HepG2 and Raw 264.7, cell lines following the treatment period of 24 h and selected 50μg/ml as the optimum concentration for hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory models. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) study revealed that Turmesac® (50μg/ml) effectively suppressed the H2DCF-DA expression in HepG2 cells. Secondly, Turmesac® significantly suppressed the anti-inflammatory cytokine expressions of IL-8 and IL-12 in LPS pre-stimulated cells categorising as a potentially potent anti-inflammatory drug. The mean fluorescence intensity percentage of IL-8 is control 8.86, LPS 50.49, Turmesac® 19.63 and IL12 is control 10.41, LPS 68.94, and Turmesac® 15.79 respectively.

Conclusion: This study highlighted that Turmesac® could be considered as a promising hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory compound and a therapeutic agent in curing liver-related and inflammation-related diseases.
GENERIC DRUG: PRESCRIBER’S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: SARKAR CHAYNA , WAHLANG JULIE , DAS BISWADEEP , D. K. BRAHMA , LAHON JOONMONI , NONGKYNRIH BANYLLASHISHA
Published: September 2020

Objective: Knowledge of doctors and their understanding of generic drugs could facilitate in recognizing potential barriers to larger generic medicine prescriptions. Hence, the primary objective of this study was focused to explore knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of doctors toward generic medicines.

Methods: It is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. The study participants are the doctors working in the hospital during the study period (2016–2017). The questionnaire designed for this study comprised of thirty-five questions related to the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of generic medicine and about demographic details of the participants.

Results: A total of 86 questionnaires were distributed among the health care professionals and the response rate is 37%. The majority of doctors who participated in this survey perceived that generic medicine is effective, safe and need to have the same active component, dose and bioequivalent as the brand name medicines. Most of the doctors (72%) were of the view that generic drugs were manufactured in poor quality than branded medicines. More than three-quarters of doctors (78%) prescribed generic drugs.

Conclusion: Majority of the participants had an honest angle about the efficaciousness and safety of generic and though they sometimes prescribe generic medicine, however a high range of doctors (72%) were of the opinion that generic was of poorer quality than brand medicine. To have a better understanding of the generic drug, the doctor must be well informed about the generics during their academic career resulting in savings to healthcare budgets.