bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design optimization of double wishbone suspension system for motorcycle
Authors: Arun Kumar G , Manepalli Parthiv , Narendran R
Published: October 2021

Double wishbone is the best suspension System for Motorcycle. It can manage a broader grouping of an area. This sort of suspension is generally placed in four wheelers. Double Wishbone Suspension System (DWSS) can also be designed for bike and bicycles by an adjusted design streamlined. This venture improved the DWSS by displacing the current suspension. The traveller bike is amassed with a DWSS and consolidated by a single damper unit is associated with the higher and base burden. This damping structure get-together depicted immediately. This DWSS brings about wonderful camber caster control. The damping structure has got weight optimized tires. It can be handled for better grip wheels in contact with the street also it can take care of perpendicular and parallel burden. The variables are verified and then advancement of design and the outcomes have been taken for reduction of mass.
Experimental investigation of the charging and discharging of latent heat in phase change material (PCM) based aluminium tube heat exchanger
Authors: Muthiah CT , Kanishkar H , Hariharan R L , Harieharan J , Sekar S
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, given the increasing importance of energy sources, the possibility of energy storage in the heat exchangers through the Phase Change Materials (PCM) and releasing it when needed has been extremely essential. This study seeks to develop a model as that of the domestic water heating system in which the phase change material is used for storing that heat energy as latent heat and it can be discharged during cooling. The behaviour of a PCM material is studied and the performance is tried to improve by using aluminium as the inner tubes instead of copper. In this experimental study, the thermal characteristics of PCM is studied by passing hot fluid and cold fluid through the tubes. Further the heat-storing capacity and the temperature distribution of wax along the tube was studied at different fluid temperatures. Also, the type of flow created by the fluid for different temperatures and the corresponding behaviour of the PCM during that particular temperature is also studied. A commercial grade Paraffin wax as PCM material with specific heat capacity of 2 kJ/kg-K is used and arrived at effectiveness around 0.48 for 40-50 °C and 0.59 for 50-60 °C. Logarithmic average of the temperature difference between 40°C-50 °C hot cycle is 10.654°C and during the cold cycle it is: 2.495°C, In the same way for 50°C -60 °C, during Hot cycle 11.56°C and for cold cycle 3.77°C. Finally, it is observed that based on the experimental study on the charging and discharging of latent heat storage, due to the low thermal conductivity of Phase change material, the rate of heat transfer during discharging is very low and the time required for discharging of latent heat storage is longer compared to the time required for charging of latent heat storage due to low heat transfer rate between PCM and hot Temperature fluid (Water).
Advances in concentrated solar absorber designs
Authors: Vighas V R , Bharath Subramaniam S , Harish G
Published: October 2021

Concentrated solar power (CSP) with thermal storage (TES) can generate continuous power output. It can be used for various applications by overcoming the intermittent solar radiation. As heat losses occur in absorber because of heat flux, tracking, optical errors. Hence, improving efficiency arises. Reducing heat loss is vital. The absorbers are volumetric, cavity, tubular liquid, solid particle-type. The occurrence of heat flux on absorbers from heliostats. Performance affects because of clouds in transient conditions. The review focuses on advances in solar absorber designs. It concentrates on meeting sustainable development’s energy and power requirements.
Numerical simulations over a three body launch vehicle for incompressible flows
Authors: Siva Krishna Reddy D , Gupta Sagar , Yadav Mayank
Published: October 2021

In the present work, three dimensional numerical simulations over a launch vehicle at 70 m/s are performed for 3 scale models. The vehicle has a cylindrical core body and two strap on boosters. The scaled models chosen so that they represent a wind tunnel blockage ratio of 3%, 4% and 5% respectively. Simulations are performed using commercial CFD software Ansys Fluent. Three dimensional structured mesh is generated using ICEMCFD software. The solver depends on finite volume technique, and SIMPLE calculation is utilized to address the couple continuity and energy conditions. K-w SST model is utilized for disturbance demonstration. The computed flow field is analyzed in terms of velocity, pressure and turbulent kinetic energy contours. Surface pressure acquired from the three simulation (relating to every blockage ratio) arrangements in balance plane is compared to understand the impact of blockage ratio on the stream field and drag coefficients. As the blockage is increased, it was observed that maximum velocity is increasing. Lowest blockage found to give highest drag coefficient.
Solidification behavior of water based Al2O3 nanofluids phase change material for energy efficient cool thermal storage system
Authors: Nanda Kumar S , Chandrasekaran P
Published: October 2021

The present study aims to investigate the solidification behavior of water based Al2O3 nanofluid phase change material encapsulated in a spherical capsule suitable for cool thermal energy storage application. The nanofluid phase change material is prepared by dispersing the Al2O3 nanoparticles mixed with DI water, which is used as a base phase shift material with a volume fraction of 0.1 %. The experiments are conducted with DI water and the Al2O3 nanofluid phase change material at surrounding bath temperatures of -6,-9 and -12 °C respectively. The presence of Al2O3 acts as a nucleating agent that causes an elimination in under cooling. The enhanced thermal properties of the Al2O3 are very useful to dissipate the concealed heat faster and helps to operate the CTES at higher operating temperature for a lesser duration, when compared with PCM where the nucleating agent is absent. So, this act fetches an energy-saving potential.
Performance analysis and efficiency enhancement of cooling tower in 210 MW thermal unit
Authors: Ravikumar Solomon G , Balaji R , Ilayaperumal K , Chellappa B
Published: October 2021

Heat exchangers, condensers plays a vital role in any kind of power cycle like modified Rankin cycle, these components involves transfer of both sensible and latent heat and have great influence over the power plant performance. The condenser employed in MTPS involves transfer of latent heat into steam. Yet it as to induce a phase change in thereby forming water. Increase in the effectiveness of condenser resulted in the increase of vacuum in the condenser. Thereby work done by steam is increased and coal saving (per ton of steam production) is achieved. This condensation process results in the formation of sludge’s (temporary) and (permanent). Along the inner periphery of the condenser tubes. These permanent scales have decreased thermal conductivity and inhibit the heat transfer rate. The more the thickness of the scale the less the heat is removed from the steam. This scale formation limits the life of the condenser tubes with maximum performance. In this project the thickness of the scale formed in the condenser tubes is calculated theoretically and the performance is analysed before and after scale formation in the condenser. Different materials which involve less scale formation, different ways of reducing scales and various scale removing methods are suggested.
Automatic detection of defects in pre-stressed multi strand wires using hall effect sensor
Authors: Dinesh Kumar V , Mohamed Jinnah Sheik , Nallasivan G , Sethu Ramalingam P , Karpagaraj M , Rajesh Kanna S K
Published: October 2021

Pre-stressed wire ropes are the steel-reinforced cables used in bridges to carry loads and to prevent the bridges from displacements. Steel strands are of different orientations and with arbitrary number of wires within it. This strands twisted one over the other to form the steel ropes, which plays a major role for supportive purpose and any defects in the strand wires leads to failure of the rope and the structures which it supports. So it became essential to inspect periodically, to ensure the safety operation. But, the challenges are that the ropes are at the non-accessible and non-demandable locations, thereby the common inspection methods are limited. So in this research, inspection of wire ropes had done by using a robot with Hall Effect sensor. This developed robot has to be allowed to pass over the cable and the detector detects the defects, if any based on the flux variations at the broken steel strands. The experimentation results proved that the developed robot is at par in detection and it can be used to detect the defects for various applications.
IoT based solar powered smart irrigation system
Authors: Devan P K , Arun K , Arvindkumar N H , Aravind R , Dinesh Kumar R
Published: October 2021

The basic and essential survival needs on earth is Water. In Recent times, the water scarcity is increased due to increase of population and deforestation. This paper based on development of an Internet of Things with solar powered irrigation using embedded method which is effective in agricultural field. Our project is to design a model of PIC for irrigation system which is supervised using Wi-Fi module (ESP8266). The WiFi module is operated using a (PIC) 16F877A from Microcontroller via utilizing the energy from the solar panel, run the motors which irrigates the field by sensing the moisture in the soil. The water above the marked level is pumped out by a motor by the information from the level sensor. The advancements of technology like IoT has vast demand in various operations. This system can easily access by the farmer to control the irrigation from anywhere in the world in an effective way.
Effects of various reinforcement on mechanical properties of plastic block: A review
Authors: Karthick K , Mohan Ramana V , Muralikrishnan M S , Vishnuvardhan Nallani , Naveen Kumar S
Published: October 2021

Solid waste management is one of the major problems of any developing country due to the rapid growth in urbanization and industrialization. In solid waste one of the main components is plastics. Some of the plastics used in household and industrial applications are polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and this kind of plastics can be recyclable but these plastics are simply dumped in landfills and water bodies and then plays a vital role in the causes for environmental pollution and other threats. Degradation rate of plastics also very slow, hence disposal of these plastic wastes without any cautions are not only affecting our surroundings but also affecting humans and other living beings. In addition to plastic waste another one main element is construction waste. Most of these waste plastics and construction wastes such as ceramic waste, metal scraps and quarry dust can be recycled by proper processes and can be reused. These waste plastics can be used to manufacture plastic blocks that may be used in construction works. This paper mainly focuses on the review of researches done on Improving mechanical properties of paver blocks using various waste materials as reinforcement. These plastic paver blocks with reinforcement can be used in nontraffic roads such as walkways, footpaths, pedestrian plazas, landscapes, monument premises and in waterlog areas due to their low water absorption property.
Domestic water treatment – an Indian perspective
Authors: Kumar S Senthil , Uma Mageswari S D , Dhanasekar S , Guru Prasaath R R , Dharun Kumar S , Yuvaraaj K R
Published: October 2021

Water scarcity in India is increasing in an astronomical rate. More than 50% of the population is experiencing water stress. Domestic waste water (inclusive of kitchen waste and bathroom waste) treatment plays a crucial role in treating the waste water and reuse it for recreational and agricultural activities. But in India, less than 50% of sewage water is only treated and the rest is disposed untreated. This untreated water pollutes the water bodies and may lead to adverse effects on aquatic life and also water quality. This paper reviews the various domestic waste water treatment plants, their advantages and limitations. Based on the literature, the study proposes a cost effective waste water treatment method.
Multiplicity based algorithms for processing group multi-criteria expert assessments
Authors: Pronichkin S V , Chernyshova Y S , Kholstov A V , Mamai I B
Published: October 2021

The paper discusses a new approach to the processing of verbal assessments, which express the opinions of experts on many criteria. The algorithm for verbal analysis of multi-feature objects expert assessments is proposed for identifying subgroups of experts with agreed opinions. It is proposed to use the multiplicity indices of multisets to calculate the coefficient of consistency. It is also proposed to use jointly the coefficients of consistency values to assess the consistency of the experts subgroups on one feature, and strive for the total maximization of the coefficients of consistency for all features. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is estimated. The results of calculations for the problem of choosing the best science-intensive technology are presented.
Satellite monitoring and visualization of vegetation indices for assessing crop productivity
Authors: Shurlaeva E S , Tokarev K E , Kh Sanzhapov B
Published: October 2021

The article discusses approaches to the use of remote sensing and satellite monitoring tools for assessing the productivity of agricultural crops based on the recognition of high-resolution aerial photographs, followed by numerical calculation of vegetation indices and visualization in cross-platform geoinformation systems.
Proposal of method for generating musical compositions of different genres
Authors: Nikitin N A , Orlova Y A , Rozaliev V L , Kuznetsova A S , Gilka V V
Published: October 2021

The work is dedicated to the research and development of methods and algorithms that automate and support the process of technical creativity, from the point of automated creation of musical compositions with different genres. The method is based on the use of neural networks to predict composition, and also suggests using various models that have been trained by songs in certain genres to improve the quality of the resulting musical composition. This work describes the algorithm itself, the process of collecting and classifying data for training, the process of training a neural network. In addition, it describes the process of choosing a neural network architecture. Also, the work proposes a system architecture for the automated generation of compositions using the proposed algorithm.
Software for generation of video files metadata
Authors: Shakurov M , Korobkin D , Fomenkov S , Golovanchikov A
Published: October 2021

In today’s world, information is one of the most important resources. Its large turnover in the media makes companies look for ways to automate processes related to labeling and storage of data. But often these processes are left on the shoulders of archive workers who have to review the footage in real-time and create metadata based on what they see, which will be transferred into the archive. This process is often very time-consuming. As a result of the analysis of approaches to video data processing, comparative analysis of the efficiency and availability of computer vision services, a software for searching faces, and forming metadata in the video archive of the VGTRK company was designed and implemented.
Intelligent system for processing and analysis of mammograms
Authors: Tomakova R A , Egorov I S , Lyubitsky N A , Kondrashov D S
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the possibilities for the development of automated processing of mammographic images based on the principles of a systematic approach. A structural diagram of an intelligent system for processing and analyzing mammographic images is proposed, which contains three main modules: a module for forming cascading windows, a module for combining cascading windows, and a module for classification and decision making. The software was developed in MATLAB 2018b environment. The possibilities of functioning of each module are considered. Experimental testing of the software of the intelligent system for the classification of breast radiographs according to the classes “no area of interest” or “area of interest” was carried out. A criterion for evaluating the results of classification of mammographic images is selected. Experiments on control samples showed diagnostic efficiency for the classes of radiographs “no region of interest” - “region of interest” not less than 90%.
Active tectonics of the Yogyakarta area (Central Java, Indonesia): preliminary findings obtained from a tectonic-geomorphic evaluation
Authors: Pena-Castellnou S , Steinritz V , Marliyani G I , Reicherter K
Published: October 2021

Throughout the island of Java, several shallow faults located in the vicinity of densely populated areas accommodate the tectonic strain generated by the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate beneath the Sunda Plate. These faults are characterized by a poor surface geomorphological expression due to the tropical climate that masks paleoseismological evidence making the identification of active faults in this environment challenging. We present preliminary data of a tectonic-geomorphic study that aims to identify and characterize active faults in the province of Yogyakarta (Central Java) as a basis to improve seismic hazard assessment. Here we focus on the Opak fault by describing its geomorphology and structure, using field data and remote sensing-based observations to contribute to the understanding of its geometry, kinematics, and tectonic activity. We show preliminary data supporting the Opak Fault as an active SW-NE transtensional left-lateral strike-slip reactivated normal fault consisting of several parallel fault strands. Although geomorphological expression of active tectonics is poor and diffuse, we found numerous field evidence of active tectonics ranging from tilted Quaternary fluvial terrace risers, triangular facets, and linear valleys to peculiar drainage patterns that allow us to provide evidence of the Holocene activity of the Opak Fault.
Spatial modeling of tsunami for evacuation planning in Ciletuh Bay, Sukabumi, West Java
Authors: Arifah Dinda Z , Supriatna  , Saraswati Ratna
Published: October 2021

Indonesia is a country located at the meeting of three tectonic plates. This condition makes Indonesia a disaster-prone region, especially caused by the movement of tectonic plates, one of which is the tsunami. Several tsunami occurs were recorded in Indonesia. Tsunami occur on a large scale and causes losses, both environmental damage and fatalities. Therefore, evacuation planning is needed to minimize the number of fatalities when a tsunami occurs. This study aims to find out the potential threat of tsunami hazard in Ciletuh Bay and analyze evacuation planning in the region. The method used in this research is the spatial modeling method which is divided into tsunami inundation modeling, population distribution, and estimated evacuation travel time. The result of this study is that potential tsunami hazard in Ciwaru Village id found in two hamlets with an area of 104.63 Ha. A total of 590 exposed residents can evacuate within 0 – 15 minutes. The selection of evacuation routes with the fastest travel time is needed so that residents can reach the evacuation collection point before the tsunami arrives. The availability of road access in the hamlet makes it easier for residents in tsunami-exposed areas to reach evacuation gathering points.
Characterization of shallow groundwater chemistry in the Yogyakarta basin, Central Java
Authors: Kämpfner L , Rüde T R , Eka Putra D P
Published: October 2021

Sufficient water supply can still be a big challenge in developing countries. A large number of households in Yogyakarta still relay on private dug wells to meet their daily demand. But water from shallow aquifers is prone to pollution from sewage systems, industry and agriculture. To assess the water quality in the basin of Yogyakarta, this study determines the chemical characteristics of the shallow groundwater in anthropogenically influenced and uninfluenced areas in and around the city of Yogyakarta. Therefore, a combination of on-site and laboratory analysis is used to distinguish areas of different water types. The observations give a major ion distribution for the whole research area and show significant anomalies in nitrate and phosphate concentrations especially in the city. Furthermore, high DOC values point out that the aquifer is widely polluted. There is a need for a better groundwater protection and remediation strategy to facilitate future use of those groundwaters.
Estimation of near-surface temperature in Suwawa Geothermal Prospect, Gorontalo, Sulawesi, Indonesia, based on magnetotelluric and artificial neural network
Authors: Maryadi M , Bramanthyo P , Zarkasyi A , Mizunaga H
Published: October 2021

A geophysical survey using broadband magnetotelluric (MT) technology was carried out in Suwawa Geothermal Prospect Area, Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. The target of that research is to evaluate the geothermal potential hidden below the surface, based on underground resistivity distribution. However, the information about resistivity alone is not enough to get a proper understanding of the geothermal system in this area. Another important subsurface feature that could be useful for the evaluation is temperature. In this study, an attempt to predict the subsurface temperature using resistivity and limited information from a shallow borehole thermogram was carried out. Employing the dependency between resistivity and temperature an indirect temperature estimator was built, thanks to the applicability of artificial neural network (ANN) to learn the pattern connecting both parameters. Comparing some neural network training data shows that the predictive powers of the calibrated neural network highly influenced by the geological difference between the location of borehole and MT station. The best trained ANN was then used to predict the temperature below the other MT stations. The result shows that a proper ANN architecture is important to improve the deeper temperature estimation. The best ANN estimator was obtained from the BT01 and AMT39 data pair, which has the highest correlation as well. This preliminary study gives useful insight into how resistivity could be an alternative tool to delineate the near-surface temperature profile, in order to get a more comprehensive image of the subsurface geothermal system.
Groundwater potential zones identification in Purwobinangun, Pakem, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta using vertical electrical sounding (VES)
Authors: Samodra S B , Sembiring R T , Ramadhan G R , Kharis H A , Siregar T R
Published: October 2021

Water is crucial part in tourism development. However, not all locations have good and accessible groundwater resources. Ngepring Vineyard in Purwobinangun Village, Pakem District, Sleman, Yogyakarta face this problem. Ngepring vineyard is a developing tourism area at southern mountainside of Merapi which is one of geotourism destination in Indonesia. In its development, there were obstacles to fulfill the water supply for tourism and locals’ daily use. This research aims to determine groundwater potential zone and recommend a drilling point for a new well. Geoelectric resistivity survey conducted to evaluate subsurface condition by measuring and interpretating rock resistivity properties. Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) configuration used with a maximum spacing from the center point as far as 250 meters with three VES were measured in study area along two N-S profiles perpendicular to one E-W profile. As the results, there is a sand layer at approximately 80m depth interpreted as aquifer. This result can be used as a preliminary study used to determine potential location for a new water resource in Ngepring vineyard.
Hummock size and alignment in Gadung debris avalanche deposit, Raung Volcanic Complex, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Moktikanana M L A , Wibowo H E , Rahayu E , Harijoko A
Published: October 2021

Debris avalanche deposit is formed by the failure of volcanic edifice and has a high potential to directly impact human civilization. The famous characteristic landform of debris avalanche deposit is hummocky hills. To understand the dynamics of avalanche flow, we investigate the morphometric characters of debris avalanche hummocks from Gunung Gadung in Raung Volcanic Complex. The collapse of Gunung Gadung follows two main flow direction with two different kinds of debris avalanche, i.e., freely spreading and valley filling. Our study recorded that there is no significant correlation between hummock size and distance from the source. The distribution of Gadung hummock size is mainly controlled by pre-existing morphologic feature such as Iyang-Argapura Volcanic Complex and Meru Betiri Mountains. We identify four domains area of Gadung debris avalanche flow based on hummock size distribution, which are Toreva domain, Hummock domain, Collision domain, and Oblique collision domain. Hummock orientation and displacement angle of Gadung debris avalanche deposit depend on structural regime existed in certain area. Compressional regime may occur because of collision between Gadung avalanche flow and Iyang-Argapura Volcanic Complex, or shifting of main flow direction. Meanwhile, extensional regime may happen due to decreasing in slope and spreading of avalanche flow.
A preliminary study of geology and skarn of Cemorosewu Area, Bayat, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad W N , Setiawan N I , Husein S , Nukman M
Published: October 2021

We present the first finding of skarn rocks in Cemorosewu area of East Jiwo Hill, Bayat, Central Java, Indonesia. The geological conditions of this area which related to the appearance of the skarn is also reported. The methods used in this research are DEM acquisition using drone to generate basemap for geological mapping and thin section petrographic analyses. The geological map shows that Cemorosewu area consists of metamorphic rocks (mica phyllite, graphite phyllite, with quartzite and marble lenses), sedimentary rocks (carbonate breccia and siltstone), and igneous rock (microdiorite). Based on the field observation and geological map, the regional metamorphic rocks are the oldest units in this area followed by sedimentary rocks and igneous rock which intruded both rocks. Skarn rocks were cropped out as a boulder along the Kluwihan creek with the maximum size of 8 m in length. The skarn consists of garnet, clinopyroxene, zoisite, actinolite, and minor quartz. Metasiltstone and skarn rock are suggested formed by contact metamorphism of microdiorite intrusion. The marble, which lenses within the phyllites, is suggested to be the protolith of the skarn formation in this area.
Need for system of protection against floods and high waters in mountain and foothill rivers of the Caucasus
Authors: Bandurin M A , Bandurina I P , Bandurin A P
Published: October 2021

The article presents findings on the estimation of fast-forming floods parameters and hydrological forecasts for short-term changes in water content in the foothill and mountain rivers of southern Russia as exemplified by the Krasnodar Krai. The research aims to provide economic facilities and population with better protection against rapidly forming mixed-origin floods. The need to develop a system of protection against floods and high waters on the mountain and foothill rivers of the Caucasus are considered. The floods in the Tuapse region in October 2010, Krymsk in July 2012, Novomikhaylovsky in August 2012 are taken as an example. The causes of floods and high waters on rivers are different. Precipitation is the main and dominant source of floods and high waters (exclusive of natural and anthropogenic discharge breakthrough floods) in river basins. The North-West Caucasus territory and especially its Black Sea coast is distinguished by rain floods at any time of the year. The main reason for floods is rainfall with an intensity of minimum 50-100 mm/day. Considering that 1 mm of precipitation causes the fallout of 1 liter of water over 1 m2 of the earth’s surface, this amount of precipitation is equivalent to the flow of 50-100 liters of water per 1 m2 of mountain slopes. The surface of the slopes cannot immediately absorb and hold such an amount of water, and it rushes down into the rivers’ and streams’ beds. An increase in water content leads to a sharp rise in the water level and flooding of the territories adjacent to the river.
Energy-saving technologies at oilfield facilities
Authors: Ulyasheva V , Ponomarev N
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of the analysis of energy generation and consumption systems at the oil field facilities. The assessment of the state of the energy supply systems of the facility was carried out. The research presents the results of thermal imaging control of heat generation and transmission losses through the external fences of buildings. The generalized characteristics of the energy efficiency of the surveyed object are considered. The article analyses the directions of energy-saving, taking into account the peculiarities of the climatic features of the location of oil fields. The research justifies the relevance of using energy-saving technologies.
Kinetics of hydrolysis reactions and triacylglycerols oxidation in olive oil during prolonged storage
Authors: Kolodiaznaia V S , Alnakoud M , Kiprushkina E I , Rumiantceva O N , Mironova D Y
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of the antioxidant beta-carotene and storage temperature on hydrolytic and oxidative processes occurring during storage of extra virgin olive oil obtained from olives grown in the soil and climatic conditions in Syria. The research aims to study the effect of temperature and beta-carotene on the kinetics of the hydrolysis reactions of triglycerides and fatty acids oxidation in olive oil during storage. The object of the study was extra virgin olive oil obtained from olives grown in Syria according to the generally accepted technology in 2019. And beta-carotene, produced by Ekoresurs, has been used as a natural antioxidant. The kinetics of the hydrolysis and oxidation reaction was evaluated by studying the change in the content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids during storage of the control sample from olive oil (sample No. 1), and experimental samples with the addition of beta-carotene at concentrations of 400 mg/L (sample No. 2) and 600 mg/L (sample No. 3). These samples were stored at 18 ° C. And sample No. 4 was stored without adding beta-carotene at 4 ° C. Upon receipt for storage and during this process, the content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the test samples was determined periodically by gas chromatography on an LC-20 Shimadzu chromatograph, and organoleptic quality indicators were evaluated on a five-point scale. In addition, the content of triacylglycerols, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were determined based on the change in beta-carotene dose, temperature, and period of storage. Also, the rate constants of the fatty acid oxidation reaction have been calculated. It was shown that the minimum rate of free fatty acids oxidation during storage of extra virgin olive oil for 7 months was in the olive oil sample stored at + 18 ° C with the addition of 400 mg/L of beta-carotene, as well as in the olive oil sample stored in the refrigerator at + 4 ° C without adding antioxidant.
Technology for obtaining essential fatty acids and protein hydrolyzate from by-products of slightly salted herring production
Authors: Demidov P I , Manuilov A N , Yakkola A N , Filippov V I , Kuprina E E , Abramzon V V
Published: October 2021

The technology for the rational use of collagen-containing waste, namely the skin from cutting slightly salted herring, is presented. The technology for obtaining oil containing polyunsaturated fatty acids and collagen hydrolyzate from by-products of production of preserves from slightly salted herring was developed. The rational parameters of hydrolysis in gentle conditions using electrochemically obtained catholytes have been determined and substantiated, which ensures waste-free processing of raw materials and the reduction of oxidized nutrients. The cryoconcentration method was used to concentrate essential acids. We studied the phase transitions of the obtained lipids in the temperature range from + 15 ° C to minus 40 ° C in a calcium chloride environment using a low-temperature refrigeration unit. The properties of 5 lipid fractions formed during lipid phase transitions have been identified and studied. The technology was applied to fatty raw materials - skin from cutting slightly salted herring into fillets. The physical and chemical properties of raw materials and finished products have been investigated. The mass yields of fish oil and collagen hydrolyzate have been determined. Comparative analysis of fatty acid composition of fish skin before and after electrochemical treatment has been carried out.
Analysis of increase in efficiency of air-cooled heat exchangers due to intensification of heat exchange
Authors: Artemyev David , Zaitsev Andrew
Published: October 2021

Currently, the issues of improving the heat transfer processes in air-cooled heat exchangers play a huge role in terms of increasing the cooling efficiency and thus reducing the size of heat exchangers. This significantly saves resources. There are several basic methods for increasing the heat transfer of fluids in air coolers, for example, such as: finning of tubes and heat exchange intensification with the help of tube inserts. The purpose of the study is to analyze the efficiency of different fin types and the use of tube inserts, as well as changes in the heat transfer coefficients of air and natural gas, depending on the changes in the types of fins and tube inserts, and their geometry. The application software is Xchanger Suite provided by the company HTRI to ITMO University. The result is the optimally selected geometry of the heat exchange intensifiers based on the analysis, what allows reducing the dimensions of the air- cooled heat exchangers, while providing the necessary heat load, the heat exchange surface reserve coefficient and the heat transfer coefficients.
Global allergens and refrigeration alarmism
Authors: Tsvetkov O B , Mitripov V V , Laptev Yu A , Baranov I V , Kustikova M A
Published: October 2021

The refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pumping industries are essential sectors of the world economy. The list of the major synthetic refrigerants characterized by the non-flammability, low toxicity, good thermophysical properties and stability are reviewed. The HCFCs and fully halogenated CFCs refrigerants are responsible for the destruction of stratospheric ozone. The paper details the effects of two allergens – the global climate change and the depletion of stratospheric ozone due to chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons. This situation has been estimated as sufficient to cause alarm. The urgent task today is to develop harmless refrigerants with zero ozone depletion potential and a minimal greenhouse effect potential.
Change of physical and chemical properties of asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits deposits in tubing
Authors: Veliev M M , Veliev E M , Sh Mukhametshin V , Zung Le Viet , Andreev A V , Kh Gabzalilova A
Published: October 2021

The paper analyzes the geological and physical characteristics of the White Tiger field, deep and estuary samples of oil and asphaltene-resin-paraffin (ARP) deposits, which revealed the main factors leading to the intensive accumulation of asphaltenes on tubing surface during oil production. First of all, these are high formation temperatures (80-120°C) in combination with high paraffin separation temperature (57°C) and a relatively large oil depth (up to 4,500 m). Experimental studies were carried out and chemical reagents consisting of a mixture of polyvinyl acetate and organic solvents were selected (naphthalene, toluene, aromatic derivatives), which affect paraffin separation, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in viscosity and dynamic shear stress at the same temperature, as well as a decrease in oil congelation temperature thereby promoting the inhibition of asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits by interacting with an activator for gel formation, adsorption on the surface of rocks, i.e. preventing the formation of asphaltene during oil production.
Environmental assessment of energy efficient and energy saving technologies
Authors: Savoskula V A , Pavlova A S , Sergienko O I , Vdovina I O , Pichugina K A , Kalashnikova L I
Published: October 2021

For the purpose of using the residual or wasted heat, many scientists are currently conducting research on the possibility of using the wasted heat. At the same time, an active search is underway for new materials and new technologies that will improve the characteristics to increase ecological efficiency of the thermal module and heat accumulator. To guarantee the transition to environmentally friendly energy when searching for or creating new materials and technologies, it is necessary to conduct an environmental analysis and confirm the safety of materials for the environment based on a life cycle assessment. Without a life cycle assessment, the claim that a product or service is safe for the environment will be unfounded. In addition, the transfer of the environmental load to the stage of obtaining materials can lead to the fact that the use of new energy converters will be much more dangerous and less efficient in terms of consumed natural resources than not using “lost” heat. In this regard, before introducing into mass production, it is advisable to analyze the life cycle of a new material (prototype) with obtaining confirmation of safety for the environment, which was done in this work. Based on the obtained results conclusions were drawn about the advisability of using auxiliary technologies that increase the energy efficiency of a traditional thermal installation.
Electrical distributed generation for industrial power supply
Authors: Golobokov S V , Stepanova K A , Yu Brostilova T , Kornilov G E
Published: October 2021

Distributed energy generation (DEG) is currently a promising direction in the energy sector. The article outlines the possibilities of using distributed generation for power supply to an industrial enterprise, and highlights the significant advantages of DEG for industry. As a result of the performed studies, calculations of economic indicators and comparison of delivery options for gas piston units of various capacities were carried out. The practicability of using mini-thermal power plants (mini-TPP) in the power supply system of the enterprise has been proved. The balance of active and reactive power of the generating equipment has been fulfilled. The calculation of the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions has been carried out.
Ecohydrological mechanism of phytoplankton distribution in the water body
Authors: Tskhai A A , Yu Ageikov V , Semchukov A N
Published: October 2021

The object of the study is the ecosystem of the Novosibirsk reservoir, which is the largest in Western Siberia. The work is aimed at studying the mechanism of the water quality formation. In limnology, it is usually believed that relatively small and low-flow parts of reservoirs are more susceptible to eutrophication, where water warms up better and phytoplankton biomass is more abundant. In the central part of the Novosibirsk reservoir, the opposite effect is regularly observed. The novelty of the study is in simulation of ecological processes in different aquatories of the Novosibirsk reservoir based on reproduction of biogeochemical cycles for limiting elements. The paradox of phytoplankton development in this reservoir is explained by the peculiarity of hydrothermal processes, which was shown by modeling.
Cell-assembled extracellular matrix (CAM): a human biopaper for the biofabrication of pre-vascularized tissues able to connect to the host circulation in vivo
Authors: Oliveira H , Médina C , Labrunie G , Dusserre N , Catros S , Magnan L , Handschin C , Stachowicz M L , Fricain J-C , L’Heureux N
Published: October 2021

When considering regenerative approaches, the efficient creation of a functional vasculature, that can support the metabolic needs of bioengineered tissues, is essential for their survival after implantation. However, it is widely recognized that the post-implantation microenvironment of the engineered tissues is often hypoxic due to insufficient vascularization, resulting in ischemia injury and necrosis. This is one of the main limitations of current tissue engineering applications aiming at replacing significant tissue volumes. Here, we have explored the use of a new biomaterial, the cell-assembled extracellular matrix (CAM), as a biopaper to biofabricate a vascular system. CAM sheets are a unique, fully biological and fully human material that has already shown stable long-term implantation in humans. We demonstrated, for the first time, the use of this unprocessed human ECM as a microperforated biopaper. Using microvalve dispensing bioprinting, concentrated human endothelial cells (30 millions ml−1) were deposited in a controlled geometry in CAM sheets and cocultured with HSFs. Following multilayer assembly, thick ECM-based constructs fused and supported the survival and maturation of capillary-like structures for up to 26 d of culture. Following 3 weeks of subcutaneous implantation in a mice model, constructs showed limited degradative response and the pre-formed vasculature successfully connected with the host circulatory system to establish active perfusion.This mechanically resilient tissue equivalent has great potential for the creation of more complex implantable tissues, where rapid anastomosis is sine qua non for cell survival and efficient tissue integration.
Prevalence and correlates of parosmia and phantosmia among smell disorders
Authors: Pellegrino Robert , Mainland Joel D , Kelly Christine E , Parker Jane K , Hummel Thomas
Published: October 2021

Among those many individuals who experience a reduced odor sensitivity (hyposmia/anosmia), some individuals also have disorders that lead to odor distortion, such as parosmia (i.e. distorted odor with a known source), or odor phantoms (i.e. odor sensation without an odor source). We surveyed a large population with at least one olfactory disorder (N = 2031) and found that odor distortions were common (46%), with respondents reporting either parosmia (19%), phantosmia (11%), or both (16%). In comparison to respondents with hyposmia or anosmia, respondents with parosmia were more likely to be female, young, and suffering from post-viral olfactory loss (P < 0.001), while respondents with phantosmia were more likely to be middle-aged (P < 0.01) and experiencing symptoms caused by head trauma (P < 0.01). In addition, parosmia, compared to phantosmia or anosmia/hyposmia, was most prevalent 3 months to a year after olfactory symptom onset (P < 0.001), which coincides with the timeline of physiological recovery. Finally, we observed that the frequency and duration of distortions negatively affects the quality of life, with parosmia showing a higher range of severity than phantosmia (P < 0.001). Previous research often grouped these distortions together, but our results show that they have distinct patterns of demographics, medical history, and loss in quality of life.
Hepatitis E Virus Species C Infection in Humans, Hong Kong
Authors: Sridhar Siddharth , Yip Cyril Chik Yan , Lo Kelvin Hon Yin , Wu Shusheng , Situ Jianwen , Chew Nicholas Foo Siong , Leung Kit Hang , Chan Helen Shuk Ying , Wong Sally Cheuk Ying , Leung Anthony Wai Shing , Tse Cindy Wing Sze , Fung Kitty S C , Tsang Owen Tak Yin , Hon Kam Lun , Cheng Vincent Chi Chung , Ng Ken Ho Leung , Yuen Kwok Yung
Published: October 2021

Background

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) variants belonging to Orthohepevirus species A (HEV-A) are the primary cause of human hepatitis E. However, we previously reported that Orthohepevirus species C genotype 1 (HEV-C1), a divergent HEV variant commonly found in rats, also causes hepatitis in humans. Here, we present a clinical-epidemiological investigation of human HEV-C1 infections detected in Hong Kong, with an emphasis on outcomes in immunocompromised individuals.

Methods

A surveillance system for detecting human HEV-C1 infections was established in Hong Kong. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HEV-C1 cases identified via this system between 1 August 2019 and 31 December 2020 were retrieved. Phylogenetic analysis of HEV-C1 strain sequences was performed. Infection outcomes of immunocompromised individuals with HEV-A and HEV-C1 infections were analyzed.

Results

HEV-C1 accounted for 8 of 53 (15.1%) reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–confirmed HEV infections in Hong Kong during the study period, raising the total number of HEV-C1 infections detected in the city to 16. Two distinct HEV-C1 strain groups caused human infections. Patients were elderly and/or immunocompromised; half tested negative for HEV immunoglobulin M. Cumulatively, HEV-C1 accounted for 9 of 21 (42.9%) cases of hepatitis E recorded in immunocompromised patients in Hong Kong. Immunocompromised HEV-C1 patients progressed to persistent hepatitis at similar rates (7/9 [77.8%]) as HEV-A patients (10/12 [75%]). HEV-C1 patients responded to oral ribavirin, although response to first course was sometimes poor or delayed.

Conclusions

Dedicated RT-PCR–based surveillance detected human HEV-C1 cases that evade conventional hepatitis E diagnostic testing. Immunosuppressed HEV-C1–infected patients frequently progress to persistent HEV-C1 infection, for which ribavirin is a suitable treatment option.
Postpartum Surgical Complications in Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Caesarian Section: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Friedman Sonia , Zegers Floor Dijkstra , Riis Jølving Line , Nielsen Jan , Nørgård Bente Mertz
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims

Our aim is to determine the 30-day postpartum surgical complications in women with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] who undergo a caesarian section rather than a vaginal delivery.

Methods

Using the Danish national registries, we established a study population of liveborn singleton births from January 1, 1997, through December 2015. We examined all mothers with IBD who had a caesarian section or a vaginal delivery. We examined 30-day maternal postpartum abdominal and perineal surgical outcomes and adjusted for multiple confounders. We examined acute versus elective caesarian sections and the effect of immunosuppressive therapies on outcomes.

Results

In women with IBD, 2.1% undergoing caesarian section [n = 3255] versus 0.3% undergoing vaginal delivery [n = 6425] had a surgical complication. Women with IBD who had a caesarian section were more likely to have small bowel and colon surgery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.00–12.51). Similar results were found regardless of acute [aOR 4.51, 95% CI 1.48–13.76] or elective [aOR 6.52, 95% CI 2.45–17.33] caesarian section. The risk of surgery after caesarian section was increased regardless of immunosuppressive use [aOR with immunosuppressives 8.79, 95% CI 2.86–27.05; and aOR without immunosuppressives 4.49, 95% CI 1.74–11.58].

Conclusions

The risk of a surgical complication after caesarian section as compared with a vaginal delivery is increased in women with IBD, regardless of whether the caesarian is performed for acute or elective reasons and/or of immunosuppressive use before delivery. Due to this increased risk, physicians should perform a caesarian delivery as the exception rather than the rule.