bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EasyEyes — A new method for accurate fixation in online vision testing
Authors: Kurzawski Jan W. , Pombo Maria , Burchell Augustin , Hanning Nina M. , Liao Simon , Majaj Najib J. , Pelli Denis G.
Published: November 2023

Online methods allow testing of larger, more diverse populations, with much less effort than in-lab testing. However, many psychophysical measurements, including visual crowding, require accurate eye fixation, which is classically achieved by testing only experienced observers who have learned to fixate reliably, or by using a gaze tracker to restrict testing to moments when fixation is accurate. Alas, both approaches are impractical online as online observers tend to be inexperienced, and online gaze tracking, using the built-in webcam, has a low precision (±4 deg). EasyEyes open-source software reliably measures peripheral thresholds online with accurate fixation achieved in a novel way, without gaze tracking. It tells observers to use the cursor to track a moving crosshair. At a random time during successful tracking, a brief target is presented in the periphery. The observer responds by identifying the target. To evaluate EasyEyes fixation accuracy and thresholds, we tested 12 naive observers in three ways in a counterbalanced order: first, in the laboratory, using gaze-contingent stimulus presentation; second, in the laboratory, using EasyEyes while independently monitoring gaze using EyeLink 1000; third, online at home, using EasyEyes. We find that crowding thresholds are consistent and individual differences are conserved. The small root mean square (RMS) fixation error (0.6 deg) during target presentation eliminates the need for gaze tracking. Thus, this method enables fixation-dependent measurements online, for easy testing of larger and more diverse populations.
The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS398 ameliorates cisplatin-induced impairments in mitochondrial and cognitive function
Authors: Rashid Mohammad Abdur , Tang Jason J. , Yoo Ki-Hyun , Corujo-Ramirez Ana , Oliveros Alfredo , Kim Sang Hoon , Ullah Faheem , Altawell Raad , Hawse John R. , Cole Peter D. , Jang Mi-Hyeon
Published: November 2023

Chemobrain is a condition that negatively affects cognition in cancer patients undergoing active chemotherapy, as well as following chemotherapy cessation. Chemobrain is also known as chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) and has emerged as a significant medical contingency. There is no therapy to ameliorate this condition, hence identification of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent CICI is of great interest to cancer survivors. Utilizing the platinum-based chemotherapy cisplatin in an investigative approach for CICI, we identified increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the adult mouse hippocampus, and in human cortical neuron cultures derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Notably, administration of NS398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, prevented CICI in vivo without negatively affecting the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin or potentiating tumor growth. Given that dysfunctional mitochondrial bioenergetics plays a prominent role in CICI, we explored the effects of NS398 in cisplatin-induced defects in human cortical mitochondria. We found that cisplatin significantly reduces mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increases matrix swelling, causes loss of cristae membrane integrity, impairs ATP production, as well as decreases cell viability and dendrite outgrowth. Pretreatment with NS398 in human cortical neurons attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction caused by cisplatin, while improving cell survival and neurite morphogenesis. These results suggest that aberrant COX-2 inflammatory pathways may contribute in cisplatin-induced mitochondrial damage and cognitive impairments. Therefore, COX-2 signaling may represent a viable therapeutic approach to improve the quality of life for cancer survivors experiencing CICI.
MicroRNAs as biomarkers for trastuzumab-based therapy in HER2-positive advanced oesophago-gastric cancer patients
Authors: Lote Hazel , Mousoullou Florentia , Vlachogiannis George , Lampis Andrea , Satchwell Laura , Peckitt Clare , Fong Caroline , Begum Ruwaida , Kidd Shannon , Cromarty Susan , Gordon Anderley , Fribbens Charlotte , Rao Sheela , Starling Naureen , Chau Ian , Cunningham David , Valeri Nicola
Published: November 2023

Background

This study aimed to identify microRNAs (miRs) as circulating biomarkers of resistance to first-line trastuzumab-based therapy in advanced HER2-positive oesophago-gastric cancer patients.

Methods

A high-throughput 1015 Exiqon miRCURY LNA™ microRNA inhibitor library screen was performed in trastuzumab-treated HER2-positive NCI-N87 and HER2-negative FLO-1 oesophago-gastric cancer cell lines. NanoString nCounter® miR analysis was performed in NCI-N87, FLO-1, and MAGIC trial (ISRCTN93793971) formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) oesophago-gastric cancer patient samples. MiR-148a-3p copies in plasma samples were quantified using digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) from HER2-positive oesophago-gastric cancer patients treated with standard-of-care trastuzumab-based therapy within the FOrMAT (NCT02112357) and PLATFORM (NCT02678182) clinical trials. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) for plasma miR-148a-3p HIGH (>median) versus LOW (≤median). The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and 3-month progression-free rates (PFRs) miR-148a-3p HIGH versus LOW. PLATFORM sensitivity analysis normalised miR-148a-3p (NmiR-148a-3p).

Results

The inhibition of miR-148a-3p reduced NCI-N87 relative cell viability (<0.6) and expression was high (>242) in NCI-N87 and HER2-positive MAGIC trial patients (n=5). Normalised-miR-148a-3p (NmiR-148a-3p) LOW versus HIGH demonstrated a statistically significant difference in 3-month PFRs (n=23; OR, 0.11 [0.02–0.78]; p=0.027; aOR, 0.03 [0.001–0.71], p=0.029) but no difference in OS or PFS. There was no statistically significant relationship between miR-148-3p LOW versus HIGH for OS (PLATFORM, n=62; hazard ratio [HR], 0.98 [0.57–1.66]; p=0.933; FOrMAT, n=8; HR, 0.54 [0.13–2.31]; p=0.322), PFS (n=62; HR, 1.08 [0.65–1.81]; p=0.759; FOrMAT, n=8; HR, 1.26 [0.31–5.07]; p=0.714), or PFRs (PLATFORM, n=31; odds ratio [OR], 0.67 [0.2–2.8]; p=0.577).

Conclusion

Normalised miR-148a-3p may be a relevant biomarker for trastuzumab-based therapy in advanced HER2-positive oesophago-gastric cancer patients.
Social behavioral impairments in SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability
Authors: Naveed Hajer , McCormack Maria , Holder J. Lloyd
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Developmental synaptopathies are neurodevelopmental disorders caused by genetic mutations disrupting the development and function of neuronal synapses.

Methods

We administered the validated Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2) to investigate the phenotypic presentation of social-behavioral impairments for the developmental synaptopathy—SYNGAP1-related Intellectual Disability (SYNGAP1-ID) (n = 32) compared with a phenotypically similar disorder Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMD) (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 43). A short form SRS-2 analysis (n = 85) was also conducted.

Results

Both SYNGAP1-ID and PMD had significantly elevated total and subcategory T-scores, with no significant score differences between SYNGAP1-ID and PMD, consistent between the full and short form. Mild to severe deficiencies in reciprocal social behavior were found in 100% of PMD individuals and 87.1% of SYNGAP1-ID individuals. Surprisingly, a positive correlation between age and total score was discovered for SYNGAP1-ID participants and not found in individuals with PMD or healthy controls.

Discussion

The short form demonstrated greater utility for SYNGAP1-ID participants due to lower item-omission rates. In conclusion, significant impairment in reciprocal social behaviors is highly prevalent in SYNGAP1-ID.
Bone health in children with severe cerebral palsy
Authors: Barbier Vincent , Goeb Vincent , Gouron Richard , Fritot Severine , Mentaverri Romuald , Klein Céline
Published: November 2023

Aim

To describe bone health and associated factors in children with severe cerebral palsy.

Method

In a retrospective, single-centre study, we performed a comprehensive bone evaluation (including clinical, densitometric and bone biomarker assessments) of children with severe cerebral palsy.

Results

None of the 19 included children had a normal BMCTBLH Z score, and only one had a BMDTBLH Z score greater than −2. Six children had a BMDLS Z score greater than −2. The bone biomarker data were suggestive of excessive bone remodelling. Levels of bone remodelling markers factors and densitometric variables were not significantly related. Age, weight and pubertal stage were significantly related to bone mass.

Discussion

Our results highlights the insufficient increase in bone mass with age (probably due to excessive bone remodelling) and confirms the high prevalence of low bone mineral density in children with severe cerebral palsy. Possible preventive measures might include calcium + vitamin D supplementation and the systematic management of underweight and delayed puberty. Bone remodelling markers might be of value for follow-up.
Valorization of the essential oil from Drypetes gossweileri S. Moore (Putranjivaceae): in vitro, in vivo, and in silico nematicidal activity
Authors: Mbula Jean Pierre , Andres Maria Fe , Kitete Emmanuel M. , Kasiama N. G. , Tshilanda D. D. , Ngbolua K. N. , Tshibangu D. S. T. , Onautshu O. , González-Coloma Azucena , Mpiana Pius T.
Published: November 2023

The chemical composition, insect antifeedant, in vtro/in vivo nematicidal activity, phytotoxicity, and in silico nematicidal activity of the essential oil (EO) of the African medicinal plant Drypetes gossweileri were studied. Chemical analysis using GC/MS indicated that benzyl isothiocyanate (96.23%) was the major compound, followed by benzyl cyanide (1.38%). The biocidal effects of this oil were tested against insect pests and root-knot nematodes. All the insect species tested were significantly affected by the oil according to their feeding adaptations (Spodoptera littoralis and Myzus persicae were less affected than Rhopalosiphum padi) with efficient doses (EC50) of 29.4 8.3 μg/cm2, 14.744 8.3 μg/cm2, and 8.3 μg/cm2, respectively. The oil was highly effective against juveniles J2 of the nematode Meloidogyne javanica, with LC50–LC90 values of 0.007 mg/mL–0.0113 mg/mL. D. gossweileri EO at minimum lethal concentrations (MLC) and below strongly inhibited egg hatching in vitro, whereas soil treatment caused a strong suppression of nematode population, infection frequency, and multiplication rate. The EO inhibited ryegrass (Lolium perenne) germination at 0.4 mg/mL, while at 0.1 mg/mL, its effects on germination, root and leaf growth were moderate (32.4%, 8.4%, and 18.3%, respectively). The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) germination was not affected by the EO, but the root growth was reduced (56% at 0.1 mg/mL) at a dose 10 times higher than the LD50 calculated for M. javanica J2 mortality. Molecular docking of the nematicidal effects of the oil using PyRx revealed a strong interaction between potassium chloride transporting KCC3 (PDB ID: 7D90) and benzyl cyanide at a distance of 2.20 A° with GLN C:350, followed by benzyl isothiocyanate at a distance of 2.78 A° with ARG B:294. The in vivo nematicidal effects of D. gossweileri EO on M. javanica penetration and reproduction in tomato roots further support the potential of this EO as a nematicidal agent with insect antifeedant effects, which could be used by local farmers for crop protection.
The impact of teaching-research conflict on turnover intention: cross-level interaction effect of justice climate
Authors: Siqi Zhao , Hong Wang
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Research-based on the Job Demands-Resources theory (JD-R theory) has revealed a close relationship between teaching-research conflict and job burnout. However, there needs to be more investigation into the complex relationship between teaching-research conflict and turnover intentions from the perspective of this theory. To address these gaps, this study, grounded in the JD-R theory, explores the relationships among teaching-research conflict, career adaptability, justice climate, job burnout, and turnover intention.

Methods

Data collected through an online survey involving 858 Chinese university teachers, and the analysis utilized a Multilevel Structural Equation Model (MSEM) with Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation.

Results

The findings reveal that job burnout mediates the relationship between teaching-research conflict and turnover intention. Career adaptability plays a moderating role in the connection between job burnout and turnover intention. Furthermore, justice climate exhibits a cross-level interaction effect concerning the relationship between teaching-research conflict and turnover intention.

Discussion

These findings offer innovative strategies for mitigating and preventing faculty turnover intention.
Mapping interdisciplinary collaboration in music education: analysis of models in higher education across North America, Europe, Oceania, and Asia
Authors: Zhang Guozhong , Sun Jian , Sun Ying
Published: November 2023

Interdisciplinary collaboration is an emerging imperative in music education, but current understanding of global practices remains limited. Prior studies have focused narrowly on specific programs within limited geographic areas. However, there is minimal quantitative mapping of initiatives across institutions and regions. Contextual insights explaining regional variations are also scarce. Hence, this study aims to address these gaps by conducting a comprehensive analysis of interdisciplinary programs, partnerships, events, and publications across leading global music institutions using a mixed methods approach. The analysis reveals significant diversity in models and determinants of productivity across regions. For instance, while Europe leads in formal integration and research output, North America prioritizes technology-enabled innovation through media and emerging tools. Partnerships are ubiquitous but focus areas and curricular integration vary. The findings reveal significant diversity in interdisciplinary education practices and formats worldwide, implying a need for contextualized implementation aligned to institutional strengths rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Therefore, as music education evolves, tailored interdisciplinary strategies that blend local priorities with global best practices are recommended to creatively nurture multifaceted skills and maximize potential for innovation. Thus, this research contributes an invaluable knowledge base to inform evidence-based, nimble policies and frameworks for cultivating cutting-edge, socially engaged musicians and ventures worldwide.
Exploring positive teacher-student relationships: the synergy of teacher mindfulness and emotional intelligence
Authors: Wang Xue
Published: November 2023

Introduction

This study delves into the intricate synergy between teacher mindfulness and the quality of teacher-student relationships, with a specific and deliberate focus on the mediating influence of emotional intelligence. The way teachers engage with their students not only impacts the learning outcomes but also contributes significantly to the overall classroom atmosphere. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that drive these relationships is crucial for educators and policymakers alike. This research seeks to shed light on these critical dynamics.

Methods

To investigate this multifaceted interplay, a participant pool of 369 Chinese English teachers was assembled. The research employed a comprehensive approach to data collection, utilizing self-report questionnaires completed by the instructors. Structural equation modeling, a robust statistical technique, was employed to rigorously analyze the collected data.

Results

The data analysis unveiled a robust and direct association between teacher mindfulness and the quality of teacher-student relationships. Beyond this primary link, a noteworthy revelation emerged: emotional intelligence, as measured through our analysis, was identified as a pivotal mediating factor in this relationship. This finding highlights the intricate web of emotions, awareness, and interpersonal interactions that underpin effective teaching and positive teacher-student relationships.

Discussion

These significant findings underscore the critical roles of teacher mindfulness and emotional intelligence in shaping the educational landscape. The implications of this study reach far beyond academia, extending to the development of tailored educational interventions and support strategies.
Knowledge and attitude toward depression among healthcare professionals working in Ilu Aba Bor zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, 2021: a cross sectional study
Authors: Alemayehu Yadeta , Girma Million , Bacha Lemi , Boka Kefale , Tarafa Hunde
Published: November 2023

Background

Depression is the major mental disorder that frequently co-occurs with other physical illnesses, although its detection at primary healthcare is limited. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate health professionals’ knowledge and attitude toward depression and its related factors.

Objective

To assess knowledge and attitude of healthcare professionals toward people with depression at different health facilities of Ilu Aba Bor zone, Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 404 primary healthcare professionals using a systematic random sampling technique in February 2021. Attitude was assessed using depression attitude questionnaires. Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 26 was used for data entry and analysis. The p-values lower than 0.05 were deemed statistically significant.

Result

In the current study, 30.4% (95% CI; 25.86, 34.94) of the respondents have inadequate knowledge and 29.9% (95% CI; 25.4, 36.8) have negative attitude toward depression. A vast majority (77.7%) of healthcare professionals have never received any kind of training on mental health. Accordingly, contact with the person with mental illness and mental health training were significantly associated with inadequate knowledge. In addition, perceived cause of depression and mental health training were significantly associated with negative attitude.

Conclusion

According to this study, the magnitude of inadequate knowledge and negative attitude in the diagnosis and treatment of depression is comparably high. Therefore, primary healthcare settings should prioritize raising awareness, promoting positive attitudes, and improving detection and treatment of depression cases.
Can COVID-19 mark a tipping point for home-based telework? Conflict between untact technology and rigid institutions in Korea
Authors: Cho Joonmo , Lee Sanghee , Park Byungjin
Published: November 2023

Background

Previously, Korea showed a passive attitude toward home-based telework; however, this stance rapidly changed after the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustaining home-based telework entails adjusting productivity conditions, introducing performance-based evaluations, and modifying employment rules, as required by the Korean Labor Standards Act, which demand the consent of most workers. This study aims to explore the societal and institutional shifts necessary for ongoing home-based telework post-pandemic.

Methods

This study discusses the sustainability of home-based work based on survey data and materials from institutions and previous research. It used data from the Workplace Panel Survey provided by the Korea Labor Institution for 3 years (2015, 2017, and 2019) to examine the status of home-based work and business responses. It also addresses legal issues related to changes in working conditions and worker-management agreements resulting from telework implementation. Legal aspects of telework are explained using relevant sections of Korea’s labor laws.

Results

To establish home-based telework as a working method relevant to the Fourth Industrial Revolution after the pandemic, essential discussions are needed regarding its fundamental applicability to specific job sectors. Moreover, to activate home-based telework without deteriorating working conditions, achieving agreement between workers and management is imperative. However, legal complexities necessitate systemic changes for effective resolution. For the sustainable continuity of telework, a blend of societal awareness and institutional transformations is indispensable.

Discussion

The growth of home-based telework through untact technology expansion is hindered by inflexible Korean labor laws, judicial precedents, and worker-management relations. The absence of necessary legal and organizational changes could lead Korea to revert to pre-pandemic norms or slow implementation. Initially prevalent in IT, home-based telework has expanded across sectors due to the pandemic. Leading the “new normal,” companies creatively enhance productivity through telework, but rigid systems and outdated cultures could impede post-pandemic progress.

Conclusion

The study highlights the need for forward-looking institutional changes and adaptation to advancing technology. It provides valuable insights for organizations and policymakers to optimize work dynamics and enhance employee and employer well-being in the post-COVID-19 era.
Transforming the European Union's phosphorus governance through holistic and intersectoral framings
Authors: Kalpakchiev Teodor , Fraundorfer Markus , Jacobs Brent , Martin-Ortega Julia , Cordell Dana
Published: November 2023

This review paper presents a critical perspective on the transformation of phosphorus governance in the European Union to support food and environmental security, which are subject to systemic shocks. It presents three major limitations that act as constraints to this process: (1) the predominance of technical studies, which produce isolated meanings that fail to address the socio-political aspect of phosphorus management and cannot be translated into policy foresight; (2) approaches to change dominated by the linear resource efficiency paradigm narrowly confined within sectoral responses to system shocks; and (3) the constrained policy understanding of the circular economy, which hampers system change as phosphorus reuse is seen primarily as part of the biological cycle of the circular economy and does not advance critical perspectives. We argue that the siloed and heavy regulatory load related to phosphorus produces technocratic and incremental policy revisions, singular state-level approaches and reductionist prisms that exclude extraterritoriality. These exacerbate the inability of institutions to translate technical studies into policy foresight and counter the pervasiveness of linearity. Phosphorus requires instead a holistic and intersectoral governance object that is integrated with the multiple transition instruments on the policy-making agenda of the European Union. To achieve phosphorus sustainability and avoid the dependence on shocks for its self-renewal, phosphorus governance needs to overcome the technocratic incrementalism of individual sectors and adapt to alternative discursive framings that transcend the existing compartmentalization of its meanings. This would require disentangling phosphorus as a contested arena of controversial stakeholder priorities and selectively amplifying the discursive framings that can politicize and enhance its ubiquitous importance. While phosphorus has its unique properties, such an approach can be of relevance to other elements.
Predicting the Impact of Data Poisoning Attacks in Blockchain-Enabled Supply Chain Networks
Authors: Butt Usman Javed , Hussien Osama , Hasanaj Krison , Shaalan Khaled , Hassan Bilal , al-Khateeb Haider
Published: November 2023

As computer networks become increasingly important in various domains, the need for secure and reliable networks becomes more pressing, particularly in the context of blockchain-enabled supply chain networks. One way to ensure network security is by using intrusion detection systems (IDSs), which are specialised devices that detect anomalies and attacks in the network. However, these systems are vulnerable to data poisoning attacks, such as label and distance-based flipping, which can undermine their effectiveness within blockchain-enabled supply chain networks. In this research paper, we investigate the effect of these attacks on a network intrusion detection system using several machine learning models, including logistic regression, random forest, SVC, and XGB Classifier, and evaluate each model via their F1 Score, confusion matrix, and accuracy. We run each model three times: once without any attack, once with random label flipping with a randomness of 20%, and once with distance-based label flipping attacks with a distance threshold of 0.5. Additionally, this research tests an eight-layer neural network using accuracy metrics and a classification report library. The primary goal of this research is to provide insights into the effect of data poisoning attacks on machine learning models within the context of blockchain-enabled supply chain networks. By doing so, we aim to contribute to developing more robust intrusion detection systems tailored to the specific challenges of securing blockchain-based supply chain networks.
Minimum-Energy Transfer Optimization between Near-Circular Orbits Using an Approximate Closed-Form Solution
Authors: Suslov Kirill , Shirobokov Maksim , Tselousova Anastasia
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the use of the averaging method in the optimal control problem related to the multirevolution orbital transfer of a spacecraft with low-thrust capabilities. The regularized equations of motion are expressed using modified equinoctial elements with the eccentric longitude as a fast variable. The control function is represented as a Fourier series relative to the eccentric longitude. The classical averaging technique’s usage results in the averaged trajectory depending only on a limited number of optimization parameters. Moreover, when transferring between near-circular orbits, the averaged motion can be estimated using analytical formulas. As such, the optimal multiorbit flight problem is simplified to nonlinear programming with fewer parameters, thereby accelerating the optimal solution’s derivation. Two practical examples illustrate the technique’s application: orbital transfer near the geostationary orbit and circular orbit raising maneuver. The solutions derived are compared with Pontryagin extremals.
Conceptual Design of an On-Axis 6 m Space Telescope at the Diffraction Limit: Characteristics, Performance and Advantages
Authors: Calcines Rosario Ariadna
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the conceptual design of an on-axis 6 metre aperture space telescope designed to cover a field of view of ±0.2 degrees with an optical quality at the diffraction limit within a spectral range between 0.5 μm and 2.5 μm. The plate scale is 3 arcsec/mm, and the overall length is less than 12 m. A Korsch layout has been selected based on the superb aberration compensation offered by Three-Mirror Anastigmat systems. The proposed design presents some characteristics: an almost flat response in RMS wavefront error across the field and for the entire spectral range; a flat mirror has been included to reduce the overall volume, and this has been adjusted to be placed at an intermediate pupil position, acting as a baffle for stray light and as a Lyott to restrict background radiation. This mirror presents a central hole, defined to the aperture of the pupil, allowing the transmission of the beam towards the image focal plane, where it can be split for multiple payloads. It also allows the transmission of the central field, at 90 degrees with respect to the science beam, to be used for Active Optics monitoring and correction of the primary mirror in order to ensure optimum optical performance. This on-axis solution significantly reduces the technical complexity for manufacturing, metrology, integration, and tests and has an important impact in the cost of the telescope.
Environmental Impact Decision Support Tools for Horticulture Farming: Evaluation of GHG Calculators
Authors: Dzalbs Arnis , Bimbere Madara , Pubule Jelena , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: November 2023

Horticulture is essential in the European agricultural sector and fundamental for many EU member states. Decision Support Systems and Tools can play an essential role in a shift to result-based agriculture and evidence-based decision making, improving productivity and environmental performance of farming practices. Investigations have been conducted on horticulture crop and farming impact on the environment and Green House Gas emissions. Despite the availability of a broad spectrum of tools, the use of Decision Support Tools in agriculture in Europe could be much higher. This research aims to analyze and recommend environmental impact Decision Support Tools for small and medium-sized companies to approach, measure, and evaluate horticulture farming. The research methodology includes a systematic review, bibliometric analysis, Multicriteria Decision analysis, and a case study analysis. During the research, multiple tools, including calculators used for an impact assessment of the agricultural sector, were selected. After applying eligibility criteria, an in-depth analysis of eight of the most suitable calculators was performed. The results of the Multicriteria Decision analysis show that the Solagro Carbon Calculator, The Farm Carbon Calculator, and the Cool Farm Tool are recommended in the first place as Green House Gas calculators for farmers.
Climatic Damage Cause Variations of Agricultural Insurance Loss for the Pacific Northwest Region of the United States
Authors: Seamon Erich , Gessler Paul E. , Abatzoglou John T. , Mote Philip W. , Lee Stephen S.
Published: November 2023

Agricultural crop insurance is an important component for mitigating farm risk, particularly given the potential for unexpected climatic events. Using a 2.8 million nationwide insurance claim dataset from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), this research study examines spatiotemporal variations of over 31,000 agricultural insurance loss claims across the 24-county region of the inland Pacific Northwest (iPNW) portion of the United States from 2001 to 2022. Wheat is the dominant insurance loss crop for the region, accounting for over USD 2.8 billion in indemnities, with over USD 1.5 billion resulting in claims due to drought (across the 22 year time period). While fruit production generates considerably lesser insurance losses (USD 400 million) as a primary result of freeze, frost, and hail, overall revenue ranks number one for the region, with USD 2 billion in sales, across the same time range. Principal components analysis of crop insurance claims showed distinct spatial and temporal differentiation in wheat and apples insurance losses using the range of damage causes as factor loadings. The first two factor loadings for wheat accounts for approximately 50 percent of total variance for the region, while a separate analysis of apples accounts for over 60 percent of total variance. These distinct orthogonal differences in losses by year and commodity in relationship to damage causes suggest that insurance loss analysis may serve as an effective barometer in gauging climatic influences.
Detection of Black Spot Disease on Kimchi Cabbage Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Kuswidiyanto Lukas Wiku , Kim Dong Eok , Fu Teng , Kim Kyoung Su , Han Xiongzhe
Published: November 2023

The cultivation of kimchi cabbage in South Korea has always faced significant challenges due to the looming presence of Alternaria leaf spot (ALS), which is a fungal disease mainly caused by Alternaria alternata. The emergence of black spots resulting from Alternaria infection lowers the quality of the plant, rendering it inedible and unmarketable. The timely identification of this disease is crucial, as it provides essential data enabling swift intervention, thereby localizing the infection throughout the field. Hyperspectral imaging technologies excel in detecting subtle shifts in reflectance values induced by chemical differences within leaf tissues. However, research on the spectral correlation between Alternaria and kimchi cabbage remains relatively scarce. Therefore, this study aims to identify the spectral signature of Alternaria infection on kimchi cabbage and develop an automatic classifier for detecting Alternaria disease symptoms. Alternaria alternata was inoculated on various sizes of kimchi cabbage leaves and observed daily using a hyperspectral imaging system. Datasets were created based on captured hyperspectral images to train four classifier models, including support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), and one-dimensional residual network (1D-ResNet). The results suggest that 1D-ResNet outperforms the other models with an overall accuracy of 0.91, whereas SVM, RF, and 1D-CNN achieved 0.80, 0.88, and 0.86, respectively. This study may lay the foundation for future research on high-throughput disease detection, frequently incorporating drones and aerial imagery.
Influence of Farmyard Manure Application on Potential Zinc Solubilizing Microbial Species Abundance in a Ferralsol of Western Kenya
Authors: Bolo Peter , Mucheru-Muna Monicah Wanjiku , Mwirichia Romano Kachiuru , Kinyua Michael , Ayaga George , Kihara Job
Published: November 2023

Zinc is an important nutrient for plant growth and development. Its availability is influenced by zinc solubilizing microbes (ZSMs). The effects of commonly promoted agronomic practices on the abundance of ZSMs are so far not well understood. In this study, conducted in 2019, we assessed the effects of farmyard manure (FYM) application, either sole or in combination with residue and/or inorganic fertilizer inputs, on ZSM community structure using 11 treatments in a long-term (17 years) integrated soil fertility management experiment located in Western Kenya. Bacterial and fungal community composition were evaluated by amplicon sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform. The results showed that putative ZSMs (i.e., the ZSMs generally considered to possess the zinc solubilizing capabilities) were clustered in two major clades based on either the application or no application of FYM. Sole application of FYM significantly (p < 0.05) increased the abundance of several ZSMs under a maize–Tephrosia rotation. In addition, systems with the combined application of FYM with other inputs generally showed significantly increasing trends for some ZSMs under a maize–Tephrosia rotation. Moreover, the combined application of FYM and P rather than only P significantly increased the abundance of some ZSMs under maize monocropping systems. Furthermore, as well as affecting ZSM abundance, soil chemical variables involving soil organic carbon (SOC), total N and Olsen P significantly increased with FYM application. This study indicated that management practices such as the application of FYM that increase SOC, and other soil chemical parameters, also/concomitantly increase ZSM abundance. These results imply enhanced capacities for microbial-linked zinc availability with FYM application.
Sustainable Strategies for the Control of Pests in Coffee Crops
Authors: Góngora Carmenza E. , Gil Zulma Nancy , Constantino Luis Miguel , Benavides Pablo
Published: November 2023

Coffee is a worldwide commodity, and both coffee-producing and coffee-consuming countries have real concerns about environmental problems and economic growth strategies based on the efficient use of resources. Because this crop is a perennial, pests can significantly affect coffee production, causing considerable yield losses and threatening coffee supply and security. The presence of insects and control strategies for coffee pests is becoming a challenge. Environmental sustainability, conservation of biodiversity, and safety of the coffee seed must go hand in hand with the economic sustainability of coffee growers. This is especially important, as there has been an increase in demand for coffee and new consumer interest in differentiated quality coffee. Regular pest control methods based only on the use of synthetic pesticides are no longer effective or sustainable due to the development of insecticide resistance and negative effects on the environment, human health, and biodiversity. Thus, to ensure better control and ecological sustainability, it is crucial to reduce pesticide use by adopting original alternative strategies to maintain pest populations below the economic threshold level and towards reaching the European Green Deal. In this review, we collect information available for sustainable control of the principal coffee pests in Colombia: coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei; Monalonion velezangeli; coffee root mealybugs; coffee leaf miner: Leucoptera coffeella; and the coffee red spider mite: Oligonychus yothersi. The control strategies include deep knowledge of the biology of insects and the coffee plant, their relationship with weather and habitats, as well as natural controllers. These control strategies do not involve the use of insecticides, are ecologically friendly and novel, and can be applied in other coffee-producing countries.
Struvite as P Fertilizer on Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Nutrient Status in the Rice–Wheat Rotation System: A Two-Year Field Observation
Authors: Wang Jizheng , Xue Lihong , Hou Pengfu , Hao Tianjia , Xue Lixiang , Zhang Xi , Sun Tianyi , Lobanov Sergey , Yang Linzhang
Published: November 2023

Long-term large inputs of phosphorus (P) fertilizer in China have caused serious soil P accumulation, low P use efficiency (PUE) and high risk of P loss. Controlling the amount of P fertilizer applied presents an inevitable choice for improving the PUE. Struvite recycled from agricultural wastewater rich in N and P concentrations are capable of slow nutrient release, improving nutrient uptake and enabling the reuse of nutrients from environmental sources when applied to agricultural land. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of struvite combined with P reduction under a rice–wheat rotation system in eastern China. A total of five treatments were set up, including conventional fertilization (FP), a struvite substitution of 100% P fertilizer (SP), a 50% P reduction with struvite substitution (RSP), no application of N fertilizer (N0) and no application of P fertilizer (P0). Grain yield, crop N and P uptake, N and P use efficiency (NUE and PUE) and soil nutrient status were assessed. Under the same P application rate, the yield and aboveground biomass of the SP treatment were slightly higher than those of FP treatment, but the crop P uptake, PUE and soil available P content were significantly increased. The RSP treatment did not reduce yield with 50% P reduction, and significantly improved the PUE and soil available P content. Crop N uptake and NUE were also found to be increased in SP and RSP treatments with struvite substitution. The P apparent balance showed that both the SP and FP treatments had a P surplus, but the RSP treatment had a P break-even, and the soil available P content remains stable compared with the initial value. The results indicate that struvite application could improve the soil P availability and crop nutrient uptake then promote the crop yield. To increase the nutrient use efficiency of crops while ensuring crop yield and soil fertility, appropriate P reduction combined with struvite as a P fertilizer could be sustainable in the rice–wheat rotation system in the long run.
Soil Bacterial Community and Greenhouse Gas Emissions as Responded to the Coupled Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Microbial Decomposing Inoculants in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seedling Stage under Different Water Regimes
Authors: Kpalari Djifa Fidele , Mounkaila Hamani Abdoul Kader , Hui Cao , Sogbedji Jean Mianikpo , Liu Junming , Le Yang , Kama Rakhwe , Gao Yang
Published: November 2023

The soil microbial community is critically important in plant nutrition and health. However, this community is extremely sensitive to various environmental conditions. A pot experiment was conducted during the wheat seedling stage to better understand the influences of the coupled application of nitrogen (N) and microbial decomposing inoculants (MDI) on the soil bacteria community under different water regimes. There were two levels of water and six levels of fertilization. The results reveal that water stress increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and decreased that of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The application of 250 kg N ha−1 altered the diversity of the bacterial community but increased the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were negatively correlated with Myxococcota and Methylomirabilota while positively correlated with Patescibacteria. These two gases were also positively correlated with nitrifying bacteria, and the correlation was more significant under the full irrigation regime. These findings indicate that MDI does not substantially influence the soil bacterial community and its relationship with greenhouse gas emission at the wheat seedling stage and that the abundance of the soil bacterial community would mainly depend on the rational control of the amount of N and water applied.
Effect of Intercropping on Fruit Yield and Financial Benefits of Rosa roxburghii Tratt Orchard in Southwest China
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Yawen , Xiao Tianhao , Wu Yuguo , Li Yuan , He Ji , Xiang Yangzhou , Yao Bin
Published: November 2023

The practice of intercropping in Rosa roxburghii Tratt orchards holds potential for enhancing fruit yield and financial benefits, yet remains insufficiently explored. To address this, we delved into the effects of intercropping on fruit yield and financial viability of R. roxburghii orchards in Longli County, southern China. Orchards of varying ages (4 years old and 5 years old; 7 years old and 8 years old) were subjected to different treatments: (i) Zea mays and Capsicum annuum intercropping, and clean tillage for younger orchards, and (ii) Lolium perenne, natural grass, and clean tillage for older orchards. Each treatment was assessed for its impact on fruit yield and financial benefits. In younger orchards, intercropping with Z. mays and C. annuum did not significantly elevate fruit yield compared to clean tillage in the 4-year-old orchard; however, C. annuum intercropping significantly improved fruit yield in the 5-year-old orchard. Concurrently, intercropping significantly augmented the total financial benefit by 9234.35–10,486.25 CNY ha−1 (Z. mays) and 14,304.90–16,629.18 CNY ha−1 (C. annuum) compared to clean tillage. In older orchards, L. perenne intercropping significantly elevated fruit yield by 598.84–803.64 kg·ha−1, while natural grass reduced it by 394.61–986.24 kg·ha−1, compared to clean tillage. Additionally, L. perenne intercropping significantly boosted the total financial benefit by 8873.92–9956.56 CNY ha−1, whereas natural grass negatively impacted financial benefits by 78.42–2444.94 CNY ha−1 compared to clean tillage. Collectively, our results illustrate that judicious selection of intercrops, based on orchard age and conditions, can significantly enhance both fruit yield and financial advantages in R. roxburghii orchards. This study furnishes vital insights for orchard management and accentuates the prospective merits of intercropping in fruit production systems.
Determination of Behavioral Changes Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease in Australian Feedlots
Authors: White Brad J. , Goehl Dan R. , McMeniman Joe P. , Batterham Tony , Booker Calvin W. , McMullen Christopher
Published: November 2023

Accurately identifying bovine respiratory disease is challenging in feedlots, and previous studies suggest behavioral monitoring is important. The study objective was to describe individual differences in physical activity (distance traveled), feeding/watering patterns (proximity to feed and water), and social behavior (average cattle within 3 m) when associated with health status in commercially raised beef cattle during the first 28 days on feed. Data from a previous Australian feedlot study monitoring cattle behavior and associated health outcomes were analyzed. Health status categories were generated for all cattle, and each animal was categorized as known healthy (HLTH), known diseased (SICK), or intermediate/uncertain (INTR). The INTR animals were excluded from the final analysis. Key findings included: differentiation in activity between SICK (n = 138) and HLTH (n = 1508) cattle dependent on time of day, SICK cattle spending more time in water and feeding zones early in the feeding phase (<6 days on feed), SICK cattle spending more time in the water and feeding zone during the overnight hours, and SICK cattle spending more time in groups early in the feeding phase but more time in isolation after the first week on feed. Results illustrate behavioral data were associated with important health outcomes.
Structural Features of Connective Tissue Formed around Resin Implants Subcutaneously Embedded in Dairy Cows
Authors: Katayama Yuka , Ichii Osamu , Nakamura Teppei , Yanase Keita , Hiraishi Masaya , Namba Takashi , Otani Yuki , Ikeda Teppei , Tsuji Erika , Tsuzuki Natsuko , Kobayashi Ken , Kon Yasuhiro , Nishimura Takanori
Published: November 2023

Foreign body reactions (FBRs) are inadvertently observed in invading or artificially embedded materials, triggering inflammation and subsequent fibrotic processes to occur in situ. Here, we assessed the spatiotemporal formation of connective tissue around implanted materials to establish a technique using connective tissue formed by FBRs as xenografts. An acrylic resin implant, comprising a columnar inner rod and a tubular outer cylinder (OC) with several slits, was embedded in adult dairy cows. Tissues formed in the inner rod and OC groups were histologically analyzed at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Edematous tissues with non-collagenous fibers formed for 2 weeks and showed increased cellularity after 4 weeks. The weight, thickness, amounts of total protein, collagen, DNA, and quantitative scores of α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts or elastic fibers notably increased after 8 weeks, with condensed collagen fibers showing orientation. Inflammatory cells were primarily localized in tissues close to the OC, and their numbers increased, with the count of CD204+ cells peaking at 8 weeks and declining at 12 weeks. The count of Ki67+ proliferating cells slightly increased in tissues close to the OC; however, the number and lumen of CD31+ vessels increased. These results may help understand FBR-related tissue remodeling.
Effects of Rumen Fermentation Characteristics on Stress-Related Hormones and Behavior in Sheep
Authors: Qianrige  , Roh Sanggun , Kim Da-Hye , Shishido Tetsuro , Ogura Shin-Ichiro
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the relationship between rumen fermentation, stress-related hormones, and behavior in sheep with the aim of providing insights for improving animal welfare and feed management practices. Eight lambs were assigned to either a high concentration or control group. Blood samples were collected for hormone analysis, and an open field test was conducted to observe behavioral stress responses. The results showed that diet composition may affect the behavior of ruminants in response to stressors and novel situations, as evidenced by the higher number of escape attempts in the high-concentration group. In addition, analyses of individual volatile fatty acids (VFAs) showed a significant positive correlation between the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio and sniffing behavior of the novel object (p < 0.05, ρ = −0.414). These findings have important implications for animal welfare and feed management practices. Overall, this study provides insights into the potential impact of diet composition on the behavior of ruminants in response to stressors and novel situations, highlighting the importance of improving animal welfare through feed management practices. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying the complex relationship between rumen fermentation, stress-related hormones, and behavior in ruminant animals.