bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A conventional immune regulator mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein blocks hepatic steatosis by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis
Authors: Fu Jiajun , Hu Fengjiao , Ma Tengfei , Zhao Wen‐Jie , Tian Han , Zhang Yan , Hu Manli , Zhou Junjie , Zhang Yanfang , Jian Chongshu , Ji Yan‐Xiao , Zhang Xiao‐Jing , Jiang Jingwei , She Zhi‐Gang , Cheng Xu , Zhang Peng , Bai Lan , Yang Juan , Li Hongliang
Published: August 2021

Background and Aims

Although the prevalence of NAFLD has risen dramatically to 25% of the adult population worldwide, there are as yet no approved pharmacological interventions for the disease because of uncertainty about the underlying molecular mechanisms. It is known that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor in the development of NAFLD. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is a critical signaling adaptor for host defenses against viral infection. However, the role of MAVS in mitochondrial metabolism during NAFLD progression remains largely unknown.

Approach and Results

Based on expression analysis, we identified a marked down‐regulation of MAVS in hepatocytes during NAFLD progression. By using MAVS global knockout and hepatocyte‐specific MAVS knockout mice, we found that MAVS is protective against diet‐induced NAFLD. MAVS deficiency induces extensive mitochondrial dysfunction during NAFLD pathogenesis, which was confirmed as impaired mitochondrial respiratory capacity and membrane potential. Metabolomics data also showed the extensive metabolic disorders after MAVS deletion. Mechanistically, MAVS interacts with the N‐terminal stretch of voltage‐dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2), which is required for the ability of MAVS to influence mitochondrial function and hepatic steatosis.

Conclusions

In hepatocytes, MAVS plays an important role in protecting against NAFLD by helping to regulate healthy mitochondrial function. These findings provide insights regarding the metabolic importance of conventional immune regulators and support the possibility that targeting MAVS may represent an avenue for treating NAFLD.
Finite element analysis on the hydrothermal pattern of radiative natural convective nanofluid flow inside a square enclosure having nonuniform heated walls
Authors: Acharya Nilankush
Published: August 2021

The present article enlightens us on the hydrothermal pattern of a steady incompressible laminar natural convective nanofluid flow inside a heated square chamber. The square enclosure is filled with water‐based spherical‐shaped ferrous (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. Magnetic effect and thermal radiation are presumed within the flow. The left‐sided vertical wall and one bottom wall of the chamber are nonuniformly and uniformly heated, while the remaining right‐sided vertical wall is isothermally cooled at a constant temperature and the upper wall is insulated. A detailed analysis is conducted to exhibit that how nonuniform and uniform heated walls influence flow within the square chamber. The leading dimensional equations are made into a dimensionless form using apposite similarity variables and the Galerkin finite element technique is executed to solve those equations. The grid independence test and a parallel comparison with existing literature are presented to verify the validity of the outcomes. The streamlines, isotherms, temperature, velocities, and average Nusselt number are depicted through several graphs for several parametric values of Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, thermal radiation, and nanoparticle volume fraction. The outcomes showed that increasing nanoparticle concentration and Rayleigh number lead to improve the Nusselt number, while heat transport is reduced for Hartmann number and radiation parameter. The uniformly heated walls convey better heat transport as compared to nonuniformly heated walls.
Comparison of metal bioaccumulation in crop types and consumable parts between two growth periods
Authors: Awino Florence B. , Maher William , Lynch A. Jasmyn J. , Asanga Fai Patricia B. , Otim Ochan
Published: August 2021

A high proportion of populations in most developing countries live below the poverty line and those near refuse grounds resort to dumpsite farming to grow food. Consequently, high levels of waste-derived contaminants are found in crops consumed by these people. This study investigates the extent to which crops cultivated on the Mbale dumpsite (Uganda) were contaminated by 11 metals and 2 non-metals: iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As). We investigated how element bioaccumulation in crops was influenced by the growth period (short- and long-term crop maturity). The short-term crops were Zea mays and Amaranthus cruentus, whereas the long-term crops were Manihot esculenta, Colocasia esculenta, Musa acuminata, Carica papaya, Coffea arabica, and Saccharum officinarum. Results showed that nine metals were present at concentrations above World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO) food safety recommendations and hence may pose health risks to consumers. In this study, leaves contained higher metal concentrations than other analyzed consumable parts. Pb and Co were found at higher concentrations in leaves of short-term crops than in long-term crops. Among short-term crops, only Z. mays seeds contained permissible metal concentrations by WHO/FAO standards. The growth period was also found to influence metal bioaccumulation in crop types. Pb, Co, Fe, Al, and Cu concentrations were significantly higher in the short-term crops than in long-term crops, while Mn, Ni, and Cr concentrations were higher in long-term crops than in short-term crops. Overall, public awareness about the health risks associated with consuming short-term leafy crops grown on dumpsites should be improved to reduce toxic metal exposure. While implementing such a campaign, the food supply of individuals whose survival depends on such crops should not be jeopardized. Therefore, farmers need alternative farming areas outside dumpsites. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1056–1071. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

KEY POINTS

Short-term crops that mature in ≤6-month period contained higher metal concentrations for most metals. Higher Pb, Co, Fe, Cu and Al concentrations were exhibited by short-term crops, while Mn, Ni and Cr concentrations were higher in long-term crops. Leaves from both short-term and long-term crops accumulated higher metal concentrations than other crop parts analyzed in this study. Crops from Mbale dumpsite contain Hg, Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn, Al, Zn, Fe and Cu concentrations above WHO and FAO food safety limits, which may pose health risks to Mbale consumers.
The impact of refinery and oil demand shocks on the motor fuel market in Sweden
Authors: Karimu Amin , Salia Samuel , Hussain Javed J.
Published: August 2021

This paper examines the link between the oil market and the motor fuel market in Sweden by developing a joint oil and motor fuel market in a structural VAR model. We explore the dynamic relationship between the oil market and motor fuel market (both gasoline and diesel) by focusing on the effects of oil demand and refinery shocks on motor fuel price and consumption. The results reveal opposite responses of gasoline and diesel consumption to positive oil demand shocks. Moreover, motor fuel price response to both oil demand and refinery shocks is greater than that of motor fuel consumption. We also assess the immediate and long‐run contributions of each of the shocks to the total variation of motor fuel price and consumption in the Swedish motor fuel market.
Three local actions in 6‐valent arc‐transitive graphs
Authors: Hujdurović Ademir , Potočnik Primož , Verret Gabriel
Published: August 2021

It is known that there are precisely three transitive permutation groups of degree 6 that admit an invariant partition with three parts of size 2 such that the kernel of the action on the parts has order 4; these groups are called , and . For each , we construct an infinite family of finite connected 6‐valent graphs and arc‐transitive groups such that the permutation group induced by the action of the vertex‐stabiliser on the neighbourhood of a vertex is permutation isomorphic to , and such that is exponential in . These three groups were the only transitive permutation groups of degree at most 7 for which the existence of such a family was undecided. In the process, we construct an infinite family of cubic 2‐arc‐transitive graphs such that the dimension of the 1‐eigenspace over the field of order 2 of the adjacency matrix of the graph grows linearly with the order of the graph.
Role of platelet‐to‐lymphocyte count ratio (PLR), as a prognostic indicator in COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sarkar Soumya , Kannan Sundara , Khanna Puneet , Singh Akhil Kant
Published: August 2021

Prognostic predictors are of paramount interest for prompt intervention and optimal utilization of the healthcare system in the ongoing context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The platelet‐to‐lymphocyte count ratio (PLR), has emerged as a potential tool for risk stratification of critically ill patients with sepsis. The current systematic review explores the utility of PLR as a prognostic predictor of COVID‐19 patients. We screened the electronic databases until May 15, 2021 after enrolling in PROSPERO (CRD42021220269). Studies evaluating the association between PLR on admission and outcomes in terms of mortality and severity among COVID‐19 patients were included. We retrieved 32 studies, with a total of 2768 and 3262 COVID‐19 patients for mortality and disease severity outcomes. Deceased and critically ill patients had higher PLR levels on admission in comparison to survivors and non‐severe patients (mean differences [MD] = 66.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 47.75–84.44; p < 0.00001 and MD = 86.74; 95% CI: 67.7–105.7; p < 0.00001, respectively). A higher level of PLR on admission in COVID‐19 patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the evidence is of low quality and further studies regarding the cut‐off value of PLR are the need of the hour.
The complex relationship between diet, symptoms, and intestinal inflammation in persons with inflammatory bowel disease: The Manitoba Living With IBD Study
Authors: Dolovich Casandra , Shafer Leigh Anne , Vagianos Kathy , Witges Kelcie , Targownik Laura E. , Bernstein Charles N.
Published: August 2021

Background

We aimed to examine whether an association exists between diet quality, based on the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Healthy Diet Score (HDS), and active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

Participants were drawn from the Manitoba Living With IBD Study cohort. The Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to calculate the HDS at two time points: baseline and 1‐year follow‐up. Using generalized estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression, we assessed the association between the HDS and (1) the IBD Symptom Inventory (IBDSI); (2) intestinal inflammation, measured by fecal calprotectin (FCAL); and (3) self‐reported IBD flares.

Results

There were 294 completed FFQs among 153 people. Of these, 100% had completed data about an IBD flare, 98% had FCAL measurements, and 96% had completed IBDSI scores. On a HDS scoring method of 0–8, the odds of FCAL >250 mcg/g were lower for participants with a HDS of 4 vs 0–3 (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.38; 95% CI, 0.19–0.77). When applying a second HDS scoring method (8–40), the odds of having an IBD flare were 3.6 times greater with a HDS between 21 and 24 compared with an HDS ≤20 (adjusted OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.03–12.78).

Conclusions

We found that active inflammation was less likely among those with a moderate HDS , whereas symptomatic IBD flares were more likely. People may choose to consume a moderate amount of healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables, even knowing that those foods may cause a symptomatic flare.
Development of Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) Domains in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps
Authors: Khan Asif H. , Reaney Matthew , Guillemin Isabelle , Nelson Lauren , Qin Shanshan , Kamat Siddhesh , Mannent Leda , Amin Nikhil , Whalley Diane , Hopkins Claire
Published: August 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

The 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) is a validated chronic rhinosinusitis health‐related quality‐of‐life outcome (HRQoL) measure; however, SNOT‐22 domains have not been validated specifically for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Study Design

Validation of SNOT‐22 domain structure, using data from 3 randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded, multicenter clinical trials of dupilumab in adults with moderate‐to‐severe CRSwNP.

Methods

Preliminary dimensional structure was derived by exploratory factor analyses of SNOT‐22 data from a phase 2 trial (NCT01920893) of dupilumab for the treatment of CRSwNP. Data from 2 phase 3 clinical trials (NCT02912468 and NCT02898454) were then used for confirmatory factor analysis, and evaluated for reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness. In all three trials, the SNOT‐22 was administered electronically on a tablet and trial participants were required to answer all items.

Results

Factor analysis supported five domains: Nasal, Ear/Facial, Sleep, Function, and Emotion. Correlations between domains were moderate to high, ranging from 0.53 (Nasal–Emotion) to 0.88 (Function–Sleep). Construct validity was mostly supported; relationships with other measures were almost always in the intended direction and magnitude. Internal consistency reliability also confirmed questionnaire structure with strong Cronbach's alpha values (all >0.80). Moderate‐to‐high correlations were observed between change in SNOT‐22 domain scores and other study patient‐reported outcome measures, along with large effect‐size estimates (≥0.7), demonstrating responsiveness of the Nasal, Sleep, and Function domains. Emotion and Ear/Facial domains had small‐to‐moderate effect sizes.

Conclusions

Psychometric analyses support the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of five domains of SNOT‐22 (Nasal, Ear/Facial, Sleep, Function, and Emotion) for assessing symptoms and impact on HRQoL in patients with CRSwNP. Laryngoscope, 132:933–941, 2022
Hydrogel Composites with Different Dimensional Nanoparticles for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Li Xingchen , Yang Zhe , Fang Linan , Ma Chengyuan , Zhao Yue , Liu Hou , Che Songtian , Zvyagin Andrei V. , Yang Bai , Lin Quan
Published: August 2021

The treatment of large segmental bone defects and complex types of fractures caused by trauma, inflammation, or tumor resection is still a challenge in the field of orthopedics. Various natural or synthetic biological materials used in clinical applications cannot fully replicate the structure and performance of raw bone. This highlights how to endow materials with multiple functions and biological properties, which is a problem that needs to be solved in practical applications. Hydrogels with outstanding biocompatibility, for their casting into any shape, size, or form, are suitable for different forms of bone defects. Therefore, they have been used in regenerative medicine more widely. In this review, versatile hydrogels are compounded with nanoparticles of different dimensions, and many desirable features of these materials in bone regeneration are introduced, including drug delivery, cell factor vehicle, cell scaffolds, which have potential in bone regeneration applications. The combination of hydrogels and nanoparticles of different dimensions encourages better filling of bone defect areas and has higher adaptability. This is due to the minimally invasive properties of the material and ability to match irregular defects. These biological characteristics make composite hydrogels with different dimensional nanoparticles become one of the most attractive options for bone regeneration materials.
Isonormal surfaces: A new tool for the multidimensional dynamical analysis of iterative methods for solving nonlinear systems
Authors: Capdevila Raudys R. , Cordero Alicia , Torregrosa Juan R.
Published: August 2021

The dynamical behavior of the rational vectorial operator associated with a multidimensional iterative method on polynomial systems gives us interesting information about the stability of the iterative scheme. The stability of fixed points, dynamic planes, bifurcation diagrams, etc. are known tools that provide us this information. In this manuscript, we introduce a new tool, which we call isonormal surface, to complement the information about the stability of the iterative method provided by the dynamical elements mentioned above. These dynamical instruments are used for analyzing the stability of a parametric family of multidimensional iterative schemes in terms of the value of the parameter. Some numerical tests confirm the obtained dynamical results.
Is bladder outlet obstruction responsible for a successful surgical outcome in women with complicated stress urinary incontinence? Urodynamic results before and after a Remeex® readjustable sling
Authors: Mateu Arrom Laura , Sabiote Rubio Laia , Palou Joan , Errando‐Smet Carlos
Published: August 2021

Aims

To describe the changes in urodynamic parameters after Remeex® placement in women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence (rSUI) or intrinsic sphincteric deficiency (ISD) and to analyze a potential relationship between postoperative bladder outlet obstruction and a successful surgical outcome.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of those women who had undergone Remeex® placement due to rSUI or ISD in our department between 2000 and 2017. All patients underwent urodynamic evaluation before and after the surgery. If tension readjustment was required, postoperative urodynamics was performed after the last regulation, once the final continence status had been achieved. The female Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index (BOOIf) was calculated for all patients postoperatively. Obstruction was considered present if BOOIf was >18. Pre‐ and postoperative urodynamic variables were compared. Postoperative urodynamic changes were also compared between cured and noncured patients.

Results

A total of 205 women were included. After a follow‐up of 89 ± 36 months, 165 women (80.5%) were continent. A significant impairment in the majority of the urodynamic parameters was observed. Mean postoperative BOOIf was −11.8 ± 21.5 in cured patients and −15.3 ± 23.1 in noncured patients (p = 0.365); 15 (9.1%) patients in the cured group had a postoperative BOOIf >18, whereas all (100%) patients in the noncured group had a postoperative BOOIf <18.

Conclusions

Most urodynamic parameters may worsen after the Remeex® system placement. Postoperative urodynamic parameters may not differ substantially between cured and noncured patients, although a certain grade of bladder outlet obstruction could be related to postoperative continence status in some patients.
Design of an individualised questionnaire to measure the impact of cancer on quality of life: The cancer dependent quality of life (CancerDQoL) questionnaire
Authors: Garden Amy , Taylor Michelle D. , Davidson Jonathan , Gilbride Charlie J. , Bradley Clare
Published: August 2021

Aim

To design an individualised questionnaire to measure the impact of cancer and its treatments on quality of life (QoL).

Materials & Methods

Design of the Cancer‐Dependent Quality of Life (CancerDQoL) questionnaire was based on the Audit of Diabetes Dependent QoL (ADDQoL) questionnaire and related –DQoLs for other conditions. Item selection, face validity and content validity were established through clinician and patient ratings of the importance and relevance of 60 domains from the –DQoL Item Library, and semi‐structured interviews with 25 English‐speaking participants with a range of cancers attending a cancer centre in Zimbabwe (age range: 25‐78 years; 16 women, 9 men). Ten interviews were subsequently conducted with UK English‐speaking participants with a range of cancers attending Maggie’s Centres in London and Dundee (age range: 40‐76; 5 women, 5 men) to adapt the CancerDQoL for UK use.

Results

The first draft of the CancerDQoL contained 25 domain‐specific items from the ‐DQoL Item Library plus four overview items. Zimbabwean participants indicated that cancer negatively impacted on all life domains included, except ‘having children’. Weighted impact (impact ratings multiplied by importance) was most negative for ‘sex life’, ‘depend on others’ and ‘physical capability’. The least negative weighted impact was found for ‘having children’, ‘spiritual/religious life’ and ‘past medical/self‐care’. UK interviews confirmed no new items were required.

Conclusions

Face and content validity of the CancerDQoL is established for an adult sample of English‐speaking cancer patients in Zimbabwe and confirmed in an adaptation following UK interviews.
Comparison of intravenous and non‐intravenous antibiotic regimens in eradication of P. aeruginosa and MRSA in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Mursaloglu H. Hakan , Akın Can , Yılmaz Yeğit Cansu , Ergenekon Almala P. , Suzer Uzunoglu Burcu , Taştan Gamze , Gökdemir Yasemin , Erdem Eralp Ela , Karahasan Yağcı Ayşegül , Karakoç Fazilet , Karadağ Bulent
Published: August 2021

Background

Chronic pulmonary infection is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The most common pathogens isolated in CF are Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Chronic infection of PA and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are associated with worse survival and antibiotic eradication treatment is recommended for both. This study compared the outcomes between intravenous (IV) and non‐IV antibiotics in eradication of PA and MRSA.

Methods

This was a single‐center retrospective study. All respiratory specimen cultures of 309 CF patients and eradication regimens between 2015 and 2019 were reviewed. Patients received eradication treatment in case of first ever isolation or new isolation after being infection‐free ≥1 year. The primary analysis was the comparison of the percentage of successful eradication after receiving IV and non‐IV eradication regimens. Demographic and clinical risk factors for eradication failure were also analyzed.

Results

One hundred and two patients with PA isolations and 48 patients with MRSA were analyzed. At 1 year, 21.6% in PA group and 35.4% in MRSA group were successfully eradicated. There was not any statistically significant difference between IV versus non‐IV antibiotic regimens on eradication in either group. Additionally, none of the clinical risk factors was significantly associated with eradication failure in PA and MRSA groups.

Conclusion

In the eradication of PA and MRSA, IV and non‐IV treatment regimens did not show any superiority to one another. Non‐parenteral eradication could be a better option considering the cost‐effectiveness and the treatment burden of IV treatments due to hospitalization and the need for IV access.
The heterogeneity of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is associated with different efficacy of standard first‐line therapy for patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Zhu Sha , Zhao Jinge , Nie Ling , Chen Xueqin , Zhang Mengni , Chen Ni , Sun Guangxi , Chen Junru , Ni Yuchao , Dai Jindong , Liu Zhenhua , Tao Ronggui , Zhang Xingming , Zhu Xudong , Zhang Haoran , Liang Jiayu , Wang Zilin , He Ben , Shen Pengfei , Zeng Hao
Published: August 2021

Background

To explore whether metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with distinct intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC‐P) subtypes respond differently to abiraterone and docetaxel treatment.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data of 170 mCRPC patients receiving abiraterone or docetaxel as first‐line therapy. PSA response, PSA progression‐free survival (PSA‐PFS), radiographic progression‐free survival (rPFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed based on the presence of IDC‐P and its subpatterns.

Results

IDC‐P was confirmed in 91/170 (53.5%) patients. Among them 36/91 (39.6%) and 55/91 (60.4%) harbored IDC‐P patterns 1 and 2, respectively. Patients with IDC‐P pattern 1 shared similar clinical outcomes to those without IDC‐P in both abiraterone and docetaxel treatment. However, against cases without IDC‐P or with IDC‐P pattern 1, patients with IDC‐P pattern 2 had markedly poorer prognosis in either abiraterone (mPSA‐PFS: 11.9 vs. 11.1 vs. 6.1 months, p < 0.001; mrPFS: 18.9 vs. 19.4 vs. 9.6 months, p < 0.001) or docetaxel (mPSA‐PFS: 6.2 vs. 6.6 vs. 3.0 months, p < 0.001; mrPFS: 15.1 vs. 12.6 vs. 5.5 months, p < 0.001) treatment. For patients without IDC‐P, docetaxel had comparable therapeutic efficacy with abiraterone. However, the efficacy of docetaxel was significantly inferior to abiraterone in patients with either IDC‐P pattern 1 (mPSA‐PFS: 6.6 vs. 11.1 months, p = 0.021; mrPFS: 12.6 vs. 19.4 months, p = 0.027) or pattern 2 (mPSA‐PFS: 3.0 vs. 6.1 months, p = 0.003; mrPFS: 5.5 vs. 9.6 months, p = 0.007).

Conclusion

Compared to docetaxel, abiraterone exhibited better efficacy in patients with IDC‐P of either pattern. However, IDC‐P pattern 2 responded unsatisfactorily to either abiraterone or docetaxel therapy. Novel therapeutic strategies for IDC‐P pattern 2 need further investigations.
6: Simultaneous Tracking, Tagging and Mapping for Augmented Reality
Authors: Kang Yixiao , Xu Yiyang , Chen Chao Ping , Li Gang , Cheng Ziyao
Published: August 2021

We present a method of simultaneous tracking, tagging and mapping (STTM) for the augmented reality (AR) by feeding off the deep‐SORT‐based object tagging and lightweight unsupervised deep loop closure.
34.1: Invited Paper: Availability of a‐IGZO semiconductor TFT in the large size Gen. 11 facilities for competitive high‐end applications
Authors: Seo Hyun-Sik , Sun Qianhui , Wu Wei , Hsu Yuan-Jun , Li Shan , Cao Weiran , Xiao Jun Cheng , Wu Yuan-Chun , Zhao Bin , Zhang Xin , Yan Xiaolin
Published: August 2021

We investigated the four‐phase amorphous‐InGaZnO (a‐IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) in the world largest generation 11 factory (Gen.11, 2940mm × 3370mm) which has the cost advantage for future high‐end applications compared to generation 8.5 (Gen. 8.5, 2200mm × 2500mm). Self‐aligned coplanar structure TFT has been developed for large size inkjet printing (IJP) OLED display, and 4 mask back channel etched (BCE) type TFT has been developed for large size 8K4K LCD applications. For the purpose of low cost, high‐end applications, the availability of large size oxide TFT is essential in Gen. 11.
36.3: Flexible ZnO Thin‐Film Transistors Fabricated on PEN Substrate by Atomic Layer Deposition at Low Temperature
Authors: Li Qi , Li Huijin , Dong Junchen , Wang Jingyi , Han Dedong , Wang Yi
Published: August 2021

Flexible ZnO thin‐film transistors (TFTs) have been successfully fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate with a maximum processing temperature of 200 °C. The flexible ZnO TFTs show competitive electrical properties with high saturation mobility (μsat) of 17.5 cm2/Vs, small subthreshold slope (SS) of 91 mV/dec, high Ion/Ioff of 3.8×109 and good uniformity. The larger characteristic trapping time τ for flexible ZnO TFT under NBS is the indication of less trapped charges compared with the device under PBS. In addition, we also investigate the mechanical bending test of flexible ZnO TFTs. The flexible ZnO TFTs exhibit a negative turn‐on voltage (Von) shift and degraded SS with increasing tensile strains because the mechanical strain at the bending part of TFT channel generates donor‐like and acceptor‐like defects. Our results demonstrate that ALD process flexible ZnO TFTs exhibiting tremendous potential to be applicable in flexible electronics.
P‐5.6: Efficient Aging Compensation of AMOLED Displays Based on Data Counting Model
Authors: Tang Rui , Zhang Tianyou , Tian Fan , Xu Jing , Hwang Jason
Published: August 2021

The fast aging speed has been one of the biggest disadvantages of AMOLED displays, which can cause multiple problems, such as the short lifetime and image sticking phenomenon. The aging compensation based on data counting model is considered as a cost‐effective solution for practical products. However, the compensation for high‐resolution displays at a real‐time speed remains challenging due to the difficulty of processing the huge amount of data. Here, we propose an efficient aging compensation method that can significantly reduce the data amount. Numerical analysis shows that the proposed method is promising for practical use.
P‐17.5: The Performance Improvement of BD‐Cell Display Module in Automotive Area
Authors: Zhang ZhiPeng , Yoon Dk , Ma Qing , Han Rui , Yu Jie , Cui Dong , Zhao TieLei , Wang YaoYao , Zhai Yue
Published: August 2021

Since BOE Dual Cell (BD‐Cell) display technology was successfully mass‐produced on TV products in 2019, BOE has gradually expanded it in various fields such as industrial control, medical, and automotive. BD‐Cell products just a new application in LCD display which has been successfully used in automotive area. It can meet reliability test and achieve ultra‐high contrast, about 100000:1, which can compared with OLED products in visual result. However, in the process of technology development, we found that its stacked screen structure will have some unique problems, such as moiré defect, large viewing angle halo, and large power consumption. The structure of BD‐Cell module that has been sent sample to Visteon as shown in figure 1–1.
Optimization and Prediction Model of Flatness Actuator Efficiency in Cold Rolling Process Based on Process Data
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Jin Shuren , Li Xu , Huang Huagui , Wang Haifeng , Zhang Dianhua , Li Wentian , Yao Yulin
Published: August 2021

The accuracy of flatness actuator efficiency (FAE) is a prerequisite to achieve high precision automatic flatness control. This study proposes an accurate acquisition approach of FAE based on the combination of simulation modeling and data‐driven modeling for flatness control of cold‐rolled strip. First, a 3D rolling feature space model is constructed according to the change interval of rolling process parameters based on rolling conditions. A 3D finite element simulation model is subsequently established to determine the prior value of actuator efficiency at each node in the feature space model. Then, to improve the accuracy of prior value, an online optimization model is developed by means of data‐driven mechanism. The sorting algorithm and the central limit theorem are introduced to filter the measured process data and calculate the variable weighting. The processed data are imported into the model to improve the fitting model. Finally, a linear output prediction model based on the trend extrapolation method is proposed to realize the accurate acquisition of FAE under any rolling conditions. The data analysis of the production process shows that the model is adaptive and accurate, which can realize high precision flatness control.
Solutions of Hyperbolic Stochastic PDEs on Bounded and Unbounded Domains
Authors: Coriasco Sandro , Pilipović Stevan , Seleši Dora
Published: August 2021

We treat several classes of hyperbolic stochastic partial differential equations in the framework of white noise analysis, combined with Wiener–Itô chaos expansions and Fourier integral operator methods. The input data, boundary conditions and coefficients of the operators are assumed to be generalized stochastic processes that have both temporal and spatial dependence. We prove that the equations under consideration have unique solutions in the appropriate Sobolev–Kondratiev or weighted-Sobolev–Kondratiev spaces. Moreover, an explicit chaos form of the solutions is obtained, useful for calculating expectations, variances and higher order moments of the solution.
A novel p-harmonic descent approach applied to fluid dynamic shape optimization
Authors: Müller Peter Marvin , Kühl Niklas , Siebenborn Martin , Deckelnick Klaus , Hinze Michael , Rung Thomas
Published: August 2021

We introduce a novel method for the implementation of shape optimization for non-parameterized shapes in fluid dynamics applications, where we propose to use the shape derivative to determine deformation fields with the help of the $$p-$$

p
-

Laplacian for $$p > 2$$

p
>
2

. This approach is closely related to the computation of steepest descent directions of the shape functional in the $$W^{1,\infty }-$$

W

1
,
∞

-

topology and refers to the recent publication Deckelnick et al. (A novel $$W^{1,\infty}$$

W

1
,
∞

approach to shape optimisation with Lipschitz domains, 2021), where this idea is proposed. Our approach is demonstrated for shape optimization related to drag-minimal free floating bodies. The method is validated against existing approaches with respect to convergence of the optimization algorithm, the obtained shape, and regarding the quality of the computational grid after large deformations. Our numerical results strongly indicate that shape optimization related to the $$W^{1,\infty }$$

W

1
,
∞

-topology—though numerically more demanding—seems to be superior over the classical approaches invoking Hilbert space methods, concerning the convergence, the obtained shapes and the mesh quality after large deformations, in particular when the optimal shape features sharp corners.
Methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: a narrative review
Authors: Jaeschke Rafał R. , Sujkowska Ewelina , Sowa-Kućma Magdalena
Published: August 2021

Rationale

Psychostimulants, including methylphenidate (MPH), are the mainstay of pharmacotherapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Even though MPH is the most commonly used medication for ADHD these days, there are relatively few resources available that provide comprehensive insight into the pharmacological and clinical features of the compound.

Objective

The aim of this paper is to provide an up-to-date outline of the pharmacology and clinical utility of MPH for ADHD in adult patients.

Methods

While conducting the narrative review, we applied structured search strategies covering the two major online databases (MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials). In addition, we performed handsearching of reference lists of relevant papers.

Results

Methylphenidate exhibits multimodal mechanism of action, working primarily as a dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. It also protects the dopaminergic system against the ongoing ‘wearing off’ (by securing a substantial reserve pool of the neurotransmitter, stored in the presynaptic vesicles). In placebo-controlled trials, MPH was shown to be moderately effective both against the core ADHD symptoms (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35–0.64), and the accompanying emotion regulation deficits (SMD, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.23–0.45). The most common adverse events related to long-term treatment with MPH are decreased appetite (~ 20%), dry mouth (15%), heart palpitations (13%), gastrointestinal infections (~ 10%), and agitation/feeling restless (~ 10%).

Conclusions

There is substantial body of evidence to suggest that MPH is an effective and safe treatment option for adults with ADHD.
Dosing 225Ac-DOTATOC in patients with somatostatin-receptor-positive solid tumors: 5-year follow-up of hematological and renal toxicity
Authors: Kratochwil Clemens , Apostolidis Leonidas , Rathke Hendrik , Apostolidis Christos , Bicu Felix , Bruchertseifer Frank , Choyke Peter L , Haberkorn Uwe , Giesel Frederik L , Morgenstern Alfred
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The aim of this retrospective analysis is to estimate the most appropriate single cycle and cumulative doses of 225Ac-DOTATOC in patients treated for somatostatin-receptor-expressing cancers.

Methods

225Ac-DOTATOC was administered to thirty-nine patients with various somatostatin-receptor-positive tumors. Baseline and follow-up 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT, lab tests, and renal scintigraphy were obtained. Patients received long-term follow-up either at the local cancer center or in close collaboration with external oncologists. Acute and chronic hematological toxicity was evaluated quantitatively over time. Long-term follow-up of creatinine was used to approximate the annual loss of estimated GFR (eGFR).

Results

Dose-dependent acute hematological toxicity was seen at single doses above 40 MBq or repeated doses greater than approximately 20 MBq 225Ac-DOTATOC at 4 month intervals. Treatment-related kidney failure occurred in 2 patients after a delay of >4 years but was independent of administered radioactivity, and other clinical risk factors were important contributors to renal decline. In general, the annual decline of eGFR among patients did not follow a clear dose-effect relationship even in patients with previous β-therapy. An average eGFR-loss of 8.4ml/min (9.9%) per year was observed which is similar to the experience with β-therapy studies.

Conclusion

Treatment activities of approx. 20 MBq per cycle (4 monthly repetition) and cumulative doses up to 60–80 MBq generally avoided both acute and chronic grade 3/4 hematotoxicity in patients with advanced stage malignancies. Chronic renal toxicity was observed at these doses, but pre-existing renal risk factors were important co-factors. These data represent a starting point for additional research to more precisely define safety thresholds of 225Ac-DOTATOC.
Survival rates and prognostic factors in right- and left-sided colon cancer stage I–IV: an unselected retrospective single-center trial
Authors: Degro Claudius E. , Strozynski Richard , Loch Florian N. , Schineis Christian , Speichinger Fiona , Lee Lucas D. , Margonis Georgios A. , Lauscher Johannes C. , Beyer Katharina , Kreis Martin E. , Kamphues Carsten
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Colorectal cancer revealed over the last decades a remarkable shift with an increasing proportion of a right- compared to a left-sided tumor location. In the current study, we aimed to disclose clinicopathological differences between right- and left-sided colon cancer (rCC and lCC) with respect to mortality and outcome predictors.

Methods

In total, 417 patients with colon cancer stage I–IV were analyzed in the present retrospective single-center study. Survival rates were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and uni/multivariate analyses were performed with a Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results

Our study showed no significant difference of the overall survival between rCC and lCC stage I–IV (p = 0.354). Multivariate analysis revealed in the rCC cohort the worst outcome for ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) score IV patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 16.0; CI 95%: 2.1–123.5), CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) blood level > 100 µg/l (HR: 3.3; CI 95%: 1.2–9.0), increased lymph node ratio of 0.6–1.0 (HR: 5.3; CI 95%: 1.7–16.1), and grade 4 tumors (G4) (HR: 120.6; CI 95%: 6.7–2179.6) whereas in the lCC population, ASA score IV (HR: 8.9; CI 95%: 0.9–91.9), CEA blood level 20.1–100 µg/l (HR: 5.4; CI 95%: 2.4–12.4), conversion to laparotomy (HR: 14.1; CI 95%: 4.0–49.0), and severe surgical complications (Clavien-Dindo III–IV) (HR: 2.9; CI 95%: 1.5–5.5) were identified as predictors of a diminished overall survival.

Conclusion

Laterality disclosed no significant effect on the overall prognosis of colon cancer patients. However, group differences and distinct survival predictors could be identified in rCC and lCC patients.
Early white matter pathology in the fornix of the limbic system in Huntington disease
Authors: Gabery Sanaz , Kwa Jing Eugene , Cheong Rachel Y. , Baldo Barbara , Ferrari Bardile Costanza , Tan Brendan , McLean Catriona , Georgiou-Karistianis Nellie , Poudel Govinda R. , Halliday Glenda , Pouladi Mahmoud A. , Petersén Åsa
Published: August 2021

Huntington disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. The typical motor symptoms have been associated with basal ganglia pathology. However, psychiatric and cognitive symptoms often precede the motor component and may be due to changes in the limbic system. Recent work has indicated pathology in the hypothalamus in HD but other parts of the limbic system have not been extensively studied. Emerging evidence suggests that changes in HD also include white matter pathology. Here we investigated if the main white matter tract of the limbic system, the fornix, is affected in HD. We demonstrate that the fornix is 34% smaller already in prodromal HD and 41% smaller in manifest HD compared to controls using volumetric analyses of MRI of the IMAGE-HD study. In post-mortem fornix tissue from HD cases, we confirm the smaller fornix volume in HD which is accompanied by signs of myelin breakdown and reduced levels of the transcription factor myelin regulating factor but detect no loss of oligodendrocytes. Further analyses using RNA-sequencing demonstrate downregulation of oligodendrocyte identity markers in the fornix of HD cases. Analysis of differentially expressed genes based on transcription-factor/target-gene interactions also revealed enrichment for binding sites of SUZ12 and EZH2, components of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, as well as RE1 Regulation Transcription Factor. Taken together, our data show that there is early white matter pathology of the fornix in the limbic system in HD likely due to a combination of reduction in oligodendrocyte genes and myelin break down.
High-grade salivary gland cancer: is surgery followed by radiotherapy an adequate treatment to reach tumor control? Results from a tertiary referral centre focussing on incidence and management of distant metastases
Authors: Freitag Viola , Lettmaier Sebastian , Semrau Sabine , Hecht Markus , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Müller Sarina K. , Traxdorf Maximillian , Iro Heinrich , Agaimy Abbas , Fietkau Rainer , Haderlein Marlen
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Salivary Gland cancer (SGC) is a rare and heterogenous group of tumors. Standard therapeutic options achieve high local but poor distant control rates, especially in high-grade SGC. The aim of this monocentric study was to evaluate patterns of recurrence and its treatment options (local ablative vs. systemic) in a homogenously treated patient population with high-grade SGC after surgery and radio(chemo)therapy.

Methods

Monocentric, retrospective study of patients with newly diagnosed high-grade salivary gland cancer. We retrospectively reviewed clinical reports from 69 patients with high-grade salivary gland cancer in a single-center audit. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and prognostic variables were analyzed (univariate analysis: log-rank test; multivariate analysis: Cox regression analysis).

Results

The median time of follow-up was 31 months. After 5 years, the cumulative overall survival was 65.2%, cumulative incidence of local recurrence was 7.2%, whereas the cumulative incidence of distant metastases was 43.5% after 5 years. 30 of 69 patients developed distant metastases during the time of follow-up, especially patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma, salivary duct carcinoma, adenocarcinoma NOS and acinic cell carcinoma with high-grade transformation. The most common type of therapy therefore was chemotherapy (50%). 85.7% of patients with local ablative therapy of distant metastases show disease progression during follow-up afterwards.

Conclusion

With surgery and radio-chemotherapy, a high rate of loco-regional control is reached, but over 40% of patients develop distant metastases in the further follow-up which usually present a diffuse pattern involving in a diffuse metastases. Therefore, in the future, intensified interdisciplinary combination therapies even in the first-line treatment in certain subtypes of high-grade SGC should be investigated.
The RAP study, report 4: morphological and topographical characteristics of multifocal macular neovascularization type 3
Authors: Haj Najeeb Bilal , Deak Gabor G. , Sacu Stefan , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Gerendas Bianca S.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

To report on the morphological characteristics and regional distribution of multifocal macular neovascularization type 3 (mMNV3).

Methods

Twenty-two consecutive eyes of 21 patients with mMNV3 were included using multimodal imaging. The count and stage of lesions of all MNV types and the existence of exudate and hemorrhage were determined. Also, we addressed the regional distribution of MNV3 lesions between the superior-inferior and the nasal-temporal halves of the macula, and the range of the distance of the lesions from the central fovea. Furthermore, we explored the number of feeding vessels including the cilioretinal artery.

Results

We found 51 lesions in 22 eyes of 21 patients. They were bifocal in 16 (73%) eyes, trifocal in 5 (23%), and quadrifocal in one (4%). No lesion of MNV1 or 2 was found. Fifteen (68%), 2 (9%), and 16 (73%) eyes were associated with retinal hard exudate, subretinal pigment epithelium exudate, and intraretinal hemorrhage, respectively. Thirty (59%) lesions were located in the temporal half of the macula, whereas 21 (41%) were located nasally (p = 0.07). One (2%) lesion was closer than 500 µm, 49 (96%) between 500 and 1500 µm, and one (2%) between 1500 and 3000 µm. The lesions were supplied by one arteriole in one (4%) eye, two arterioles in 16 (73%) eyes, and 3 arterioles in 5 (23%) eyes. The CRA contributed as a feeding vessel in 5 (23%) eyes.

Conclusion

The multifocal variant of MNV3 has specific morphological and topographical characteristics. Multimodal imaging allows the understanding of the pathomorphological condition in more detail.
Bayesian inversion for unified ductile phase-field fracture
Authors: Noii Nima , Khodadadian Amirreza , Ulloa Jacinto , Aldakheel Fadi , Wick Thomas , François Stijn , Wriggers Peter
Published: August 2021

The prediction of crack initiation and propagation in ductile failure processes are challenging tasks for the design and fabrication of metallic materials and structures on a large scale. Numerical aspects of ductile failure dictate a sub-optimal calibration of plasticity- and fracture-related parameters for a large number of material properties. These parameters enter the system of partial differential equations as a forward model. Thus, an accurate estimation of the material parameters enables the precise determination of the material response in different stages, particularly for the post-yielding regime, where crack initiation and propagation take place. In this work, we develop a Bayesian inversion framework for ductile fracture to provide accurate knowledge regarding theeffectivemechanical parameters. To this end, synthetic and experimental observations are used to estimate the posterior density of the unknowns. To model the ductile failure behavior of solid materials, we rely on the phase-field approach to fracture, for which we present aunifiedformulation that allows recovering different models on a variational basis. In the variational framework, incremental minimization principles for a class of gradient-type dissipative materials are used to derive the governing equations. The overall formulation is revisited and extended to the case of anisotropic ductile fracture. Three different models are subsequently recovered by certain choices of parameters and constitutive functions, which are later assessed through Bayesian inversion techniques. Astep-wiseBayesian inversion method is proposed to determine the posterior density of the material unknowns for a ductile phase-field fracture process. To estimate the posterior density function of ductile material parameters, three common Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques are employed: (i) the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, (ii) delayed-rejection adaptive Metropolis, and (iii) ensemble Kalman filter combined with MCMC. To examine the computational efficiency of the MCMC methods, we employ the$$\hat{R}{-}convergence$$R^-convergencetool. The resulting framework is algorithmically described in detail and substantiated with numerical examples.