bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Memoriam: René Fiasse (1936-2024)
Authors: Borbath I , Deprez P.H. , Dewit O , Lanthier N , Moreels T , Stärkel P , Piessevaux H
Published: September 2024

It is with great sadness that we learned of the death of Professor René Fiasse on the 26th of February 2024, at the age of 87. Born in Quiévrain in 1936 in the Borinage region, to two teachers, he was the eldest of four children. From an early age, he developed a quality that would mark him throughout his life: a committed humanism. Struck by the horrors of war, he became interested in international politics and then became actively involved in the pacifist movements and Amnesty International. Having received a pluralist education and thanks to his open-mindedness, he was always ahead of his time when it came to major ethical issues.
A Letter to the National Academy of Sciences
Authors: Calabrese Edward J. , Giordano James
Published: September 2024

A recent letter from two scientists to the National Academy of Sciences challenges the scientific deception that undergirds the “Linear No-Threshold” precept, a critical building block of the expansive regulatory state.
China and Our Perfidious Elite
Authors: Custred Glynn
Published: September 2024

A review of "Red-Handed: How American Elites Get Rich Helping China Win," by Peter Schweitzer, 2022, Harper, pp. 352, $16.99 hardbound.
Letters
Authors: Groothuis Douglas , Dunn John Dale
Published: September 2024

Letters to the editor from the fall 2022 issue.
We Do Have a Job
Authors: Iannone Carol
Published: September 2024

The liberal arts are vital to us personally, socially, and culturally. Unfortunately, the betrayal and subversion of the disciplines by their practitioners has led many to call for their abandonment.
What Everyone Should Know About Science—but Doesn't
Authors: Bauer Henry H.
Published: September 2024

Although science used to be revered as the font of the most reliable information about the physical world, over time more people have discovered that science is fallible, influenced by interested parties and conflicts of interest.
Citizenship in Crisis
Authors: Randall David
Published: September 2024

Two prominent conservative critics offer incisive evaluations of what ails the American republic. But both also exhibit an embarrassed unwillingness to conceive of the American nation as something worth defending for its own sake, or even defining.
External Recruitment and Staff Retention Dilemma at Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Tanzania
Authors: Kimaro Lilian L.
Published: September 2024

This paper describes the scenario of external recruitment and staff retention dilemma at Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE) as experienced between 2021 and 2023. In a similar period, a newly appointed Principal of the College, immediately started to analyze the issue with intention to sort it out by conveying regular meetings with the Head of Departments and senior staff. The case investigated the root causes behind the increased turnover rates among academic staff at DUCE, specifically the case explored the effectiveness of the institution's recruitment policy, weighing the advantages and disadvantages of hiring from external sources versus promoting employees internally. Using the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Equity Theory as guiding frameworks, the study examined the implications of both recruitment strategies on employee morale, satisfaction, and the institution's overall credibility. The business case adopted analytical approach in order to present the event or situation of external recruitment and staff retention dilemma in the College as well as the actions and decisions which were implemented against the problem. The qualitative data were collected by this business case through discussion with the protagonists and analyzed using qualitative methods of explanation and discussions. The research employed a decision-making case design and qualitative approach, involving interviews with 5 key administrative members at DUCE, documentation was used in reviewing the secondary information such as turnover rates statistics and recruitment policy.  Findings indicate that external recruitment, while beneficial for bringing in top talent and enhancing the institution's credibility, has demoralized internal staff, leading to higher turnover rates. Conversely, internal promotions enhance employee satisfaction and commitment but may not always meet the qualifications required for senior positions. The study concludes that a dual recruitment strategy, which balances internal promotions to boost morale and external hiring for specialized expertise, could be an effective solution to address the turnover dilemma. Recommendations include developing a robust internal control system, investing in staff capacity building, and aligning recruitment practices with government policies to ensure the institution's long-term sustainability and growth. In view of this, the business case proposes that the management need to strike the balance between the external recruitment objectives and the internal staff promotion procedures while keeping the employee retention system in place.
TÉCNICAS DE AVALIAÇÃO CIRÚRGICA EM GASTROENTEROLOGIA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Pinto Luiza Ribeiro , Melo Caio César Coelho de , Esteves André de Oliveira , Barroso Bernardo Zaidan , Campos Lucas Lopes
Published: September 2024

As técnicas de avaliação cirúrgica em gastroenterologia são fundamentais para o diagnóstico e tratamento de doenças complexas do sistema digestivo. A evolução dessas técnicas tem permitido intervenções mais precisas e com melhores resultados para os pacientes. A revisão sistemática em questão buscou compilar e analisar as metodologias e os avanços recentes nesse campo, destacando a importância da inovação tecnológica e da capacitação profissional na melhoria dos procedimentos cirúrgicos gastroenterológicos. Objetivo: O objetivo da revisão foi sintetizar os dados dos estudos mais recentes sobre as técnicas de avaliação cirúrgica em gastroenterologia, proporcionando uma visão abrangente dos métodos mais eficazes e seguros, bem como identificar áreas que necessitam de mais pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Metodologia: A metodologia baseou-se no checklist PRISMA, com uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science, utilizando descritores como "avaliação cirúrgica", "gastroenterologia", "endoscopia", "imagem abdominal" e "laparoscopia". Foram incluídos artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos que apresentavam estudos clínicos, revisões ou relatos de casos. Os critérios de inclusão focaram em estudos que detalham técnicas de avaliação e resultados cirúrgicos, enquanto foram excluídos artigos sem dados empíricos, relatórios sem revisão por pares e estudos com amostras não representativas. Resultados: Foram selecionados 12 estudos. Os resultados indicaram uma tendência crescente na adoção de tecnologias minimamente invasivas e na utilização de simulações computadorizadas para treinamento. Foi observado que técnicas avançadas, como a endoscopia intervencionista e a cirurgia robótica, têm contribuído para a redução de complicações pós-operatórias e para a recuperação mais rápida dos pacientes. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que as técnicas de avaliação cirúrgica em gastroenterologia têm passado por uma significativa evolução, com a incorporação de novas tecnologias e métodos de treinamento que aumentam a segurança e a eficácia dos procedimentos. A revisão destacou a necessidade contínua de pesquisa para otimizar ainda mais as técnicas cirúrgicas e melhorar os desfechos clínicos para os pacientes.
GESTÃO DE DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS EM CONSULTAS CLÍNICAS: ESTRATÉGIAS PARA MELHORIA DA ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO
Authors: Rolim Juliana Lages , Madureira Gabriel Nunes , Machado Rayssa Neto , Souza Gabriel Presciliano da Silva , Dantas Antônio José Pacheco , Jannis Leonardo Salmaso , Vaz Roby Alexandre , Paiva Matheus Carvalho Souza , Matos Isabela Fagundes , Nunes Ana Beatriz
Published: September 2024

A adesão ao tratamento é um fator crucial para a gestão eficaz de doenças crônicas, impactando significativamente os resultados clínicos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Este estudo visa analisar estratégias para melhorar a adesão ao tratamento em consultas clínicas, focando em quatro áreas principais: educação do paciente, suporte psicológico, intervenções tecnológicas e aprimoramento da comunicação. A revisão integrativa de estudos relevantes revelou que a educação do paciente, quando combinada com suporte psicológico e tecnologias de suporte, pode melhorar substancialmente a adesão ao tratamento. Além disso, a comunicação eficaz entre profissionais de saúde e pacientes é fundamental para promover o engajamento e a colaboração no manejo das condições crônicas. A integração dessas estratégias oferece um modelo robusto para enfrentar as complexidades da adesão ao tratamento. No entanto, a implementação dessas abordagens enfrenta desafios práticos, como a necessidade de personalização e a superação de barreiras tecnológicas. A revisão sugere que futuras pesquisas devem focar na otimização dessas estratégias e na identificação de soluções para os desafios práticos associados à adesão ao tratamento em doenças crônicas.
ABORDAGENS CIRÚRGICAS AVANÇADAS NO TRATAMENTO DE ANEURISMAS DA AORTA TORÁCICA: COMPARAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS ENDOVASCULARES E CIRURGIA ABERTA
Authors: Mattos Gabriela Almeida , Figueira Luís Eduardo Oliveira , Prado Alípio Henrique Oliveira , Oliveira Ruy Sergio Sampaio Rezende de , Santos Dayane Ataide , Aguinaga Eduarda Indio da Costa , Costa Costanza Ferraiuolo de Oliveira , Barreto Filho Luciano da Costa , Paiva Matheus Carvalho Souza , Torres Uedson Aparecido de Oliveira
Published: September 2024

O tratamento dos aneurismas da aorta torácica (AAT) tem evoluído significativamente, com a cirurgia aberta e o reparo endovascular (TEVAR) emergindo como as principais abordagens terapêuticas. Esta revisão integrativa comparou essas duas modalidades, avaliando suas respectivas vantagens e limitações em termos de mortalidade, morbidade, tempo de recuperação, qualidade de vida e durabilidade dos resultados. A TEVAR demonstrou menor mortalidade e morbidade perioperatória, bem como um tempo de recuperação mais curto, tornando-se uma opção preferencial para pacientes de alto risco. No entanto, a durabilidade inferior da TEVAR, associada a uma maior necessidade de reintervenções, destaca a cirurgia aberta como uma escolha mais adequada para pacientes jovens ou com anatomia complexa do aneurisma. A escolha entre TEVAR e cirurgia aberta deve ser individualizada, considerando os fatores anatômicos, clínicos e as expectativas de vida dos pacientes. Estudos futuros focados em inovações tecnológicas e acompanhamentos de longo prazo são necessários para aprimorar as estratégias terapêuticas e otimizar os desfechos em pacientes com AAT.
Add-on homeopathic treatment to institutional management protocol in children suffering from acute encephalitis syndrome: A retrospective comparative cohort study
Authors: Varanasi Roja , Prasad Ramesh , Upadhyay Alok , Maurya Vinod Kumar , Verma Preeti , Arya Shashi , Singh Supriya , Shukla Purnima , Gupta AK , Kumar Arvind , Oberai Praveen , Manchanda Raj K
Published: September 2024

Background and objectives: Acute encephalitis syndrome is a health burden to a populous country like India. It is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, altered sensorium with or without seizures, irritability, abnormal behaviour, or unconsciousness. This study aims to augment further evidence on the effects of add-on homeopathic treatment in reducing mortality and morbidity in children.
 Methods: This comparative retrospective study included children hospitalized with acute encephalitis syndrome between July 2016 to  December 2016. We compared the parameters of children for whom decisions on Glasgow Outcome scale and Liverpool outcome score aided by add-on homeopathy against those of children from the same year when the add-on homeopathy was not used. All the children were on conventional supportive care and treatment tailored to each child. We also counted the days until the resumption of oral feeding and the length of hospital stay.
Results: Ordinal regression analysis on analyses on 622 children (IH +CSC=329; IMP only=293) was done. Odds of a shift towards increased recovery were superior in the homeopathy-added group than in the IMP group without adjustment (crude OR 2·30, 95% CI 1·66 to 3·20; p=0·0001) and with adjustment (adjusted OR 3.38, 95% CI 2·38 to 4.81; p=0·0001). There was 14.8% less mortality and 17.4% more recovery in the add-on homeopathy group compared to CSC alone. Individualized homeopathic remedies commonly used were: Belladonna (n =238), Stramonium (n =17), Opium (n = 14), Sulphur (n=11) and Hyoscyamus niger (n = 7).
 Conclusion : This retrospective cohort study advocates for add-on homoeopathy in children suffering acute encephalitis which can produce notable improvements in terms of mortality and morbidity. Further studies in different settings are warranted.
Unchanged PM2.5 levels over Europe during COVID-19 were buffered by ammonia
Authors: Evangeliou Nikolaos , Tichy Ondrej , Svendby Otervik Marit , Eckhardt Sabine , Balkanski Yves , Hauglustaine Didier
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The coronavirus outbreak in 2020 had devastating impact on human life, albeit a positive effect for the environment reducing emissions of primary aerosols and trace gases and improving air quality. In this paper, we present inverse modelling estimates of ammonia emissions during the European lockdowns of 2020 based on satellite observations. Ammonia has a strong seasonal cycle and mainly originates from agriculture. We further show how changes in ammonia levels over Europe, in conjunction with decreases in traffic-related atmospheric constituents modulated PM2.5. The key result of this study is a -9.8 % decrease in emissions in the first half of 2020 compared to the same period in 2016–2019 attributed to restrictions related to the global pandemic. We further calculate the delay in the evolution of the emissions in 2020 before, during and after lockdowns, by an sophisticated comparison of the evolution of ammonia emissions during the same time periods for the reference years (2016–2019). Our analysis demonstrates a clear delay in the evolution of ammonia emissions of -77 kt, that was mainly observed in the countries that suffered the strictest travel, social and working measures. Despite the general drop in emissions during the first half of 2020 and the delay in the evolution of the emissions during the lockdown period, satellite and ground-based observations showed that European levels of ammonia increased. On one hand, this was due to the reduction of SO2 and NOx (precursors of the atmospheric acids with which ammonia reacts) that caused less binding and thus less chemical removal of ammonia (smaller loss – higher lifetime); on the other, the majority of the emissions persisted, because ammonia mainly originates from agriculture, a primary production sector that was not influenced by the lockdown restrictions, as practically agricultural activity never ceased. Despite the projected drop in various atmospheric aerosols and trace gases, PM2.5 levels stayed unchanged or even increased in Europe due to a number of reasons attributed to the complicated NH3 - H2SO4 - HNO3 system. Higher water vapour during the European lockdowns favoured more sulfate production from SO2 and OH (gas phase) or O3 (aqueous phase). Ammonia first neutralised sulfuric acid (due to higher atmospheric abundance) also producing sulfate. Then, the continuously accumulating free ammonia reacted with nitric acid shifting the equilibrium reaction towards particulate nitrate. In high free ammonia atmospheric conditions such as those in Europe during the 2020 lockdowns, a small reduction of NOx levels drives faster oxidation toward nitrate and slower deposition of total inorganic nitrate causing high secondary PM2.5 levels.
Global and regional hydrological impacts of global forest expansion
Authors: King James A. , Weber James , Lawrence Peter , Roe Stephanie , Swann Abigail L. S. , Val Martin Maria
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Large-scale reforestation, afforestation, and forest restoration schemes have gained global support as climate change mitigation strategies due to their significant carbon dioxide removal (CDR) potential. However, there has been limited research into the unintended consequences of forestation from a biophysical perspective. In the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2), we apply a global forestation scenario, within a Paris Agreement-compatible warming scenario, to investigate the land surface and hydroclimate response. Compared to a control scenario where land use is fixed to present-day levels, the forestation scenario is up to 2 °C cooler at low latitudes by 2100, driven by a 10 % increase in evaporative cooling in forested areas. However, afforested areas where grassland or shrubland are replaced lead to a doubling of plant water demand in some tropical regions, causing significant decreases in soil moisture (∼ 5 % globally, 5 %–10 % regionally) and water availability (∼ 10 % globally, 10 %–15 % regionally) in regions with increased forest cover. While there are some increases in low cloud and seasonal precipitation over the expanded tropical forests, with enhanced negative cloud radiative forcing, the impacts on large-scale precipitation and atmospheric circulation are limited. This contrasts with the precipitation response to simulated large-scale deforestation found in previous studies. The forestation scenario demonstrates local cooling benefits without major disruption to global hydrodynamics beyond those already projected to result from climate change, in addition to the cooling associated with CDR. However, the water demands of extensive forestation, especially afforestation, have implications for its viability, given the uncertainty in future precipitation changes.
Brief communication: Morphometric control on the frequency of snow avalanches on the left bank slope of the Tongquan River, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Wen Hong , Xia Zuqi , Shu Xiaoyan , Wang Dong , Sun Chunwei , Qiu Qingshui , Li Xiaoning
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Understanding the frequency of occurrence and mechanisms controlling snow avalanches (hereafter referred to as avalanches) is crucial for effective disaster prevention and mitigation, especially in the context of climate warming. In this study, the topographic features and historical activities within the four avalanche paths on the left bank slope of the Tongquan River are meticulously analysed through a comprehensive approach that combines field investigations, long-term remote sensing interpretation, and spatial analysis. Additionally, the morphometric controls on avalanche frequency are further investigated. The results indicate that the occurrence frequencies of the four avalanche paths on the same slope, despite having nearly identical macrometeorological and climatic conditions, are not uniform. This variation depends on morphometric factors, such as the size of the starting zone and slope orientation.
Investigating ice formation pathways using a novel two-moment multi-class cloud microphysics scheme
Authors: Lüttmer Tim , Spichtinger Peter , Seifert Axel
Published: September 2024

Abstract. We developed a novel microphysics scheme to investigate the formation pathways of ice crystals in the atmosphere. The new two-moment scheme distinguishes between five ice classes (’ice modes’) each with their unique formation mechanism: homogeneous freezing of solution droplets, deposition nucleation, homogeneous freezing of cloud droplets and raindrops, immersion freezing and secondary ice from rime splintering. The ice modes interact with each other, e.g. in competition for growth by deposition of water vapor and aggregation, but also with the other cloud particle classes, i.e., cloud droplets, rain, snow, graupel, hail. This scheme was employed to investigate the liquid origin vs in-situ formation in the fully glaciated parts of an idealised convective cloud. Liquid origin ice clouds stem from droplets that freeze close to water saturation. In-situ formed ice clouds form directly from the vapor phase below water saturation. The majority of the cloud ice in the deep convection cloud consisted of frozen droplets (liquid origin). This was caused by the high number concentration of cloud droplets available for freezing. In-situ formed ice was only relevant for the overshoot where ice from both formation pathways mixed. The new scheme is also useful for investigation of the ice formation in the mixed-phase parts of the convective cloud. There is a vertical layering of ice modes in the cloud. The lower most layer consists of secondary ice from rime splintering and occurred near the updraft core at temperatures around the Hallet-Mossop zone. In an altitude between 6 and 9 km ice mostly stems from immersion freezing. We find a correlation between the abundance of ice from immersion freezing and snow. The majority of ice crystals above 9 km stems from homogeneously frozen cloud droplets since ice nucleating particles (INP) required for immersion freezing where quickly depleted.
Delayed Stormflow Generation in a Semi-humid Forested Watershed Controlled by Soil Water Storage and Groundwater
Authors: Cui Zhen , Tian Fuqiang
Published: September 2024

Abstract. An analysis by Cui et al. (2024) of stormflow responses to rainfall in a mountainous forested watershed in the semi-humid regions of North China identified a distinct threshold for bimodal rainfall-runoff events, where delayed stormflow appeared to be influenced by shallow groundwater. This study further investigates the processes driving these bimodal events, focusing on the dynamics of soil water content (SWC) and groundwater level (GWL) during storm events. The results show that delayed stormflow is governed by the interplay between SWC and GWL. Delayed stormflow is initiated when SWC exceeds the soil’s water storage capacity, while its timing and volume are determined by GWL fluctuations. During rainfall, SWC increases rapidly; if it does not reach the soil's water-holding capacity, it stabilizes after the rainfall ends. Conversely, if SWC surpasses the soil's storage capacity, it decreases rapidly post-rainfall, with the excess rainwater infiltrating deeper to recharge groundwater, leading to a gradual rise in GWL. As GWL rises, increased hydraulic conductivity facilitates the movement of shallow groundwater into the stream channel, resulting in delayed stormflow. Simultaneously, the effective connection area between the stream channel and adjacent hillslopes expands vertically. At specific high GWL thresholds, GWL responses across the watershed converge, significantly increasing groundwater discharge and reducing lag times, often causing the delayed stormflow peak to merge with the direct stormflow peak. These findings enhance our understanding of delayed stormflow generation in similar regions and contribute to refining runoff generation theories.
Water hyacinths as riverine plastic pollution carriers
Authors: van Emmerik Tim Hans Martin , Janssen Tim Willem , Jia Tianlong , Bui Thank-Khiet L. , Taormina Riccardo , Nguyen Hong-Q. , Schreyers Louise Jeanne
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Plastic pollution is an emerging entity threatening freshwater and marine ecosystems. Rivers play an important role in the transport and retention of plastic from land to sea. Tropical rivers are among the most polluted globally, and are assumed to emit substantial amounts of plastic into the marine environment. Concurrently, tropical rivers are invaded by water hyacinths, a free-floating vegetation species native to the Amazon. Water hyacinths grow rapidly, forming dense mats of plants and other material including plastic pollution. With only limited anecdotal and scientific evidence of plastic-water hyacinth trapping, its full spatial extent along river systems remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate the consistent role of water hyacinths as carriers of plastic pollution along a river. Over 69 k plastic items and 57 k water hyacinth patches were identified along the 42 km most downstream section of the Saigon river, Vietnam. More than 73 % of all floating plastics were carried by water hyacinths, ranging between 58–82 % per specific location. The highest trapping ratio was found at the most upstream locations. Although water hyacinths only covered 1.3 % of the total river surface, the plastic concentration in water hyacinths was 197 times higher than in open water. Most downstream, the lowest water hyacinth coverage (0.2 %) corresponded to the largest difference between surface plastic concentration in water hyacinths and at the open water (factor 781). Previous work demonstrated the effective trapping of plastic pollution by water hyacinths at individual sites. Here, we show that plastic-water hyacinth aggregates consistently occur at the river scale. We quantified plastic and water hyacinths at five locations along the Saigon river, Vietnam, using drones and fixed cameras, in combination with a custom-trained YOLOv8 deep learning model. With our paper, we support the theory that water hyacinths effectively concentrate and carry plastic pollution along rivers. Further work on plastic-water hyacinth interactions is needed to better understand the transport, fate and impact of plastic in the world's most polluted rivers. Our results also support the idea of plastic monitoring from space using well-detectable floating vegetation as a proxy. Finally, our work suggests that current removal practices of water hyacinths may be optimized to also recover plastic pollution from rivers.
Global relevance of atmospheric and land surface drivers for hot temperature extremes
Authors: Uckan Yigit , Ruiz-Vásquez Melissa , De Polt Kelley , Orth René
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Hot temperature extremes have severe impacts on society and ecosystems. Their magnitude and frequency are increasing with climate change in most regions globally. These extremes are driven by both atmospheric and land surface processes such as advection or reduced evaporative cooling. The contributions of the individual drivers to the formation and evolution of hot extremes have been analyzed in case studies for major past events, but the global relevance of drivers still remains unclear. In this study, we determine the relevance of (i) atmospheric drivers such as wind, geopotential height, geopotential height differences and surface net radiation, as well as (ii) land surface drivers such as evaporative fraction and enhanced vegetation index for hot extremes across the globe using observation-based data. Hot extremes are identified at daily and weekly time scales through the highest absolute temperature and an analogue-based approach to determine the relevance of the considered drivers. The results show that geopotential height at 500 hPa is overall the most relevant driver of hot extremes across the globe. Surface net radiation and enhanced vegetation index are the second most relevant drivers in many regions, particularly in tropical and semi-arid areas. We find that the relevance of land surface drivers is increasing within the studied period, and from daily to weekly durations. Revealing key regions and influential time scales of land surface drivers on hot extremes can inform more efficient prediction and management of the increasing threat these extremes pose.
Investigating the impact of reanalysis snow input on an observationally calibrated snow-on-sea-ice reconstruction
Authors: Cabaj Alex , Kushner Paul J. , Petty Alek A.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. A key uncertainty in reanalysis-based snow-on-sea-ice reconstructions is the choice of reanalysis product used for snowfall input. Although reanalysis products have many similarities in their precipitation output over the Arctic Ocean, they nevertheless have relative biases that impact derived snow-on-sea-ice estimates. In this study, snowfall from the ERA5, JRA-55 and MERRA-2 reanalysis products is used as input to the NASA Eulerian Snow On Sea Ice Model (NESOSIM). A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach is used to calibrate the wind packing and blowing snow parameters in NESOSIM run with these different snowfall inputs. A multi-input-averaged snow-on-sea-ice product is then constructed from NESOSIM run with the three reanalysis products. JRA-55 shows the largest departure from the previously-used values (Bayesian priors) when the MCMC calibration is run, and also has the largest posterior uncertainty due to parameter uncertainties. The MCMC calibration reconciles snow depths between NESOSIM run with different reanalysis snowfall inputs, but produces larger discrepancies in snow densities, due to the sensitivity of snow density in NESOSIM to parameter values and weak observational constraints on density. Regional climatologies and trends in the calibrated products are examined and compared to another reanalysis-based snow-on-sea-ice reconstruction, SnowModel-LG. NESOSIM and SnowModel-LG show close agreement in snow depth climatologies in the Central Arctic Ocean region, but differ more in peripheral seas. Trends are found to be region-dependent, and the magnitude of Central Arctic Ocean snow depth trends is more sensitive to the choice of reanalysis input than to the choice of model.
Tongue strength and swallowing-related masseter activity and oropharyngeal timing across the lifespan
Authors: Martin-Cowger Alicia , Evers Dianna ,   Idaho State University, Osterhout Christy , Small Katie , Ashbocker Shelly , Astel Eric , Burke Rebecca , Dahl Natalie , Fish Rebecca , Fountain Jeanette , Frickey Sandra , Holbrook Elizabeth , Ives Carmen , Dallaserra Cassie , Juravich Leigha , Leckington Savannah , Purser Ashley , Randolf Heather , Reed Catherine , Ross David , Sedlezky Kristine , Seibold Chad , Sholes Erin , Sisneros Amanda , Tanner Blake , Ulrich Casey , Loftin Joni Grey , Seikel Tony
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study examined lifespan changes in maximum tongue strength, swallowing time, and masseter activity during swallowing. It provides normative data with which to compare clinical assessments of orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD) and oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD). Method: 409 healthy participants without identified OMD or OPD (ages 5 – 79 years) provided instrumental measures of tongue strength and electromyographic measurements for oropharyngeal transit time and masseter activity during swallows of four boluses. Participants were placed in three broad age groups (5 – 15, 16 – 59, 60 – 79) for crosssectional analysis. Results: Differences were found between age groups for tongue strength, such that the youngest group had significantly lower anterior tongue strength than the other groups, and lower posterior tongue strength than the 16 – 59 age group. Anterior tongue strength was significantly greater for males than females; posterior tongue strength did not differ significantly between the sexes. The youngest group had longer oropharyngeal transit times than either of the two older groups for most boluses. Swallowing transit time decreased in duration across the age groups, from youngest to oldest, for the 2.5 cc pudding bolus. Both right and left masseters differed in activation among tasks and age groups. The oldest age group had consistently greater levels of activation of the right masseter, and all groups had greater activation for the cracker bolus. Spearman rank-order correlations largely confirmed the inferential statistics and provided evidence of a relationship between tongue weakness and increased oropharyngeal transit time. Conclusion: Maximum tongue pressure generation and oropharyngeal timing measures support a developmental hypothesis, with lower tongue strength and longer swallowing transit times for children ages 5 through 15. The smaller pudding bolus provided the greatest differentiation among the age groups, which may prove to be a functional indicator for clinical evaluation. These results are largely consistent with existing data for tongue strength and oropharyngeal swallowing transit times.
DETERMINAN FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KINERJA SISTEM INFORMASI PADA KOPERASI DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Kusuma Wiguna Muhamad Wisnu , Oktaviana Amelita , Wiratno Adi
Published: September 2024

Currently, technological developments are increasingly rapid and sophisticated, one of which is developments in accounting information systems. In this situation, users are required to adapt to current developments in technology because many companies are competing to advance their business. This research aims to determine the variables influencing the performance of accounting information systems in cooperatives in Banyumas Regency. Data was obtained in this research by distributing questionnaires to employees with a total of 106 respondents. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling with certain criteria. The results of this research indicate that user technical abilities, formalization of system development, user training and education programs, and top management support have a positive influence on accounting information system performance, while the work experience variable has no effect.Keywords : performance; accounting information system; cooperative;
DIGITAL CURRENCIES OF THE CENTRAL BANKS OF THE EAEU MEMBER STATES: CONCEPTS, FINANCIAL AND LEGAL REGULATION, DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
Authors: БРЫКИН К.И.
Published: September 2024

Статья направлена на исследование молодого феномена в юридической науке – цифровой валюты центрального банка (ЦВЦБ, или Central Bank Digital Currencies, CBDC). Автором проанализированы до- клады и концепции цифровых валют стран – участниц ЕАЭС (цифровой рубль, цифровой беларусский рубль, цифровой сом, цифровой тенге, цифровой драм), выявлены тенденции использования CBDC и необходимость трансформации законодательства. С учетом доктринальных подходов, существующих в праве и экономике, отражены преимущества и риски использования CBDC. Автор приходит к выводу о необходимости проработки вопроса более глубокой экономической интеграции государств – членов ЕАЭС, в том числе создания валютно- го союза на базе эмиссии региональной CBDC ЕАЭС.

The article is aimed at researching a phenomenon that is young in legal science – the digital currency of the central bank (Central Bank or Central Bank Digital Currencies, CBDC). The author analyzes the reports and concepts of digital currencies of the EAC member countries (digital ruble, digital Belarusian ruble, digital som, digital tenge, digital dram), identifies trends in the use of CBDC and the need to transform legislation. Taking into account the doctrinal approaches existing in law and economics, the advantages and risks of using CB DC are reflected. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to work out the issue of deeper economic integration of the EAEU member states, including the creation of a monetary union based on the issuance of the regional system of the EAEU.
THE PRACTICE OF USING «GREEN CAMOUFLAGE» TECHNOLOGY IN MARKETING AND CONSUMER PROTECTION
Authors: СОЛДАТОВА Н.Ф.
Published: September 2024

Распространение мирового тренда ответственного потребления на российскую почву обеспе- чило повышение стандартов ведения бизнеса для части российских компаний. Рост количества потребителей, сознательно отказывающихся от товаров (услуг), оказывающих негативное влияние на окружающую среду, за- ставил часть компаний интенсивно применять маркетинговый инструмент «greenwashing».

The spread of the global trend of responsible consumption to the Russian soil has ensured an increase in business standards for some Russian companies. The growing number of consumers who consciously refuse goods (services) that have a negative impact on the environment has forced some companies to intensively use the marketing tool «greenwashing».
UNDERSTANDING JUSTICE IN SOVIET AND MODERN CRIMINAL LAW DOCTRINE
Authors: НИФТАЛИЕВА И.А.
Published: September 2024

В статье рассмотрены позиции ученых-правоведов советского периода с точки зрения идеи справедливости, а также представлены подходы к интерпретации названного принципа в современной уголов- но-правовой доктрине.

The article examines the positions of legal scholars of the Soviet period from the point of view of the idea of justice, and also presents approaches to the interpretation of this principle in modern criminal law doctrine.
FORMS OF LAWYER FIRMS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Authors: БИРЮКОВ П.Н. , РЕХОВСКИЙ А.Ф.
Published: September 2024

Настоящая статья является второй из цикла про адвокатуру Республики Корея. В статье рас- сматриваются обязанности адвокатов и формы адвокатских образований в Южной Корее. Авторы описывают правовую базу деятельности адвокатов. Подробно рассматривается вопрос о форме адвокатских образова- ний. Исследуется процедура учреждения адвокатских бюро, фирм и коллегий. В завершение сделан вывод, что система адвокатуры в Корее представляет собой сочетание традиционно корейских и западных правовых принципов. Она отличается высоким профессионализмом и способностью адвокатов представлять интересы клиентов на высоком уровне. Важно отметить, что в системе существует строгий контроль качества услуг, что обеспечивает надежную защиту прав клиентов.

This article is the second in a series about the legal profession of the Republic of Korea. The article discusses the responsibilities of lawyers and forms of legal firms in South Korea. The authors describe the legal framework for the activities of lawyers. The issue of the form of lawyer entities is considered in detail. The procedure for establishing law offices, firms and colleges is examined. In conclusion, it is concluded that the legal profession system in Korea is a combination of traditional Korean and Western legal principles. It is distinguished by high professionalism and the ability of lawyers to represent clients' interests at a high level. It is important to note that the system has strict quality control of services, which ensures reliable protection of customer rights.
COMPARING THE PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS SOFT COMPUTING APPROACHES IN LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL FOR INTERCONNECTED POWER SYSTEMS COMBINING THERMAL-HYDRO AND THERMAL-DIESEL SOURCES
Authors: Dhasagounder Murugesan , Kaliannan Jagatheesan , Shah Pritesh , SHEKAR RAVI
Published: September 2024

Interconnected power systems offer a solution for meeting the increasing demand for reliable and efficient electricity supply. However, maintaining stability in such networks, especially in the face of frequency fluctuations, presents a significant challenge. Effective load frequency control (LFC) optimization is vital for ensuring stability by mitigating the impact of these fluctuations resulting from various disturbances. This study introduces PID LFC optimization strategies applied to a thermal-hydro and thermal-diesel interconnected power system. Six optimization methods, including ACO, PSO, GA, TLBO, DE, and CIO, are explored using four cost functions. Random step load perturbations are applied to test the response consistency of the LFCs. Initial findings indicate that recently developed CIO outperforms other algorithms in achieving desired outcomes while maintaining competitive computational expenses. Specifically, the CIO-ITAE optimized LFC demonstrates improved resilience in addressing challenges in the interconnected power system.
Keywords: Load Frequency Control, LFC, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Differential Evolution (DE), Teaching Learning based Optimization (TLBO),Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Cohort Intelligence Optimization (CIO).
Metaverse Virtual Communication Through Roblox Games For Teenagers
Authors: Marini Marini , Salas Hagi Julio
Published: September 2024

The sophistication of technology has given rise to new trends among teenagers which are not only used to fill the need for information, but can also be used as entertainment that can be accessed without the limitations of space and time. Virtual communication is one way for teenagers to convey messages without having to meet in person. This is inseparable from the presence of the metaverse which has emerged as part of a means of communication which indirectly plays a role in forming interaction patterns in exchanging information among teenagers, one of which can be accessed through the Roblox game. The aim of this research is to determine virtual communication in the metaverse world among teenagers through the Roblox game. This research method is descriptive qualitative with theory using the basic concepts of virtual communication Werner J. Severin and James W. Tankard with data collection techniques using observation, interviews and literature study. The result is virtual metaverse communication through the Roblox game for teenagers, where in Roblox there is voice chat which is a means of virtual communication.
Outcomes of Femoral Popliteal Bypass in Octogenarians
Authors:   Division of Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, Hu James , Safir Scott ,   2Division of Vascular Surgery, New York University Langone Hospital, Mineola, New York, Bangiyev Ronald ,   Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, Weber Jonathan ,   DeMatteis Cardiovascular Institute, Saint Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York, Faries Peter ,   Division of Vascular Surgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, Vouyouka Ageliki ,   Division of Vascular Surgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, Lajos Paul ,   Division of Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Femoral-popliteal bypass (FPB) surgery is a common lower extremity revascularization procedure. As the population continues to age, this procedure is being performed increasingly on older patients. This study investigated whether outcomes differ in this population. Materials and Methods: Patients over and less than 80 years old who underwent FPB between 2009–2013 were queried using an existing hospital registry. Demographics, comorbidities, intraoperative complications, perioperative outcomes, and two-year patencies were compared. Results: Twenty-four patients in the octogenarian cohort (OC) and 72 patients in the non-octogenarian cohort (NOC) were identified. There was a lower prevalence of smoking (p=0.018) and higher prevalence of hypertension (p=0.021) among octogenarians. Other medical characteristics were similar (p<0.05). There were no differences in use of vein versus PTFE (p=0.002) as a conduit, or above (OC 20.0% vs. NOC 36.7%), versus below knee (OC 80.0% vs. NOC 63.3%) distal anastomosis (p>0.05) between the groups. There was a difference (p<0.01) in indication for procedure (OC/NOC): claudication (0%/44%), limb salvage (71%/31%), and rest pain (29%/25%). There were no differences in 30-day readmissions (17% vs. 21%; p=0.59) or incidence of postoperative (25% vs. 19%; p=0.56) or intraoperative complications (8.3% vs. 4.2%; p=0.52). Length of stay (LOS) was longer and statistically significant in octogenarians (12 days vs. 7 days; p=0.032) and remained significant after multivariate linear regression (p=0.015). Patencies in OC were lower and dropped faster after six months; however, there were no statistically significant differences in patencies at any time interval (p>0.05). The position of the distal anastomosis relative to the knee, conduit type, and indication were not independently predictive of patency outcomes (p>0.05). Conclusion: The safety and efficacy of FPB in octogenarians is similar to the general population despite LOS in octogenarians being 5.98 days longer. While the difference in indication suggests that vascular surgeons are more conservative in treating octogenarians, our analysis did not reveal significant differences between populations and suggests that lower extremity bypass can be performed safely with comparable results in this cohort. A larger cohort is needed to validate these results.
Advancements in Donation after Circulatory Death Heart Procurement and Preservation: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Innovations
Authors:   Department of Cardiac Surgery, Anthea Hospital GVM Care & Research, Bari, Italy, Condello Ignazio
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The persistent shortage of donor hearts for transplantation has prompted exploration into Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD) as a promising avenue for organ procurement. This comprehensive review aims to examine recent advancements in DCD heart procurement and preservation techniques to address the critical need for donor organs and improve transplant outcomes. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify relevant studies and innovations related to DCD heart procurement and preservation. Electronic databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords such as “DCD heart donation,” “organ preservation,” and “transplantation.” Studies with statistical analyses on transplant outcomes were included for further evaluation. Results: A meta-analysis of DCD heart transplantation outcomes revealed a statistically significant increase in successful transplants utilizing hearts procured after circulatory death (p<0.05). Normothermic machine perfusion demonstrated a 20% reduction in ischemic time compared to traditional cold storage methods, leading to improved post-transplant cardiac function and reduced rates of primary graft dysfunction. These findings highlight the potential of DCD heart procurement and preservation techniques to address the critical shortage of donor hearts while enhancing transplant outcomes. Conclusion: Recent innovations in DCD heart procurement and preservation techniques show promise in overcoming the challenges of donor organ scarcity and improving transplant success rates. Continued research and development in this field are essential to further optimize these techniques and meet the growing demand for donor hearts worldwide.
The Growing Role of Artificial Intelligence and Technology in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, Rainey Joshua , Sodhi Nipun ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwell Health, Riverhead, New York, Gililland Jeremy M. ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, Mont Michael A. ,   The Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence and technology have continued to evolve over recent decades, and their utility in hip and knee arthroplasty is growing with interest and enthusiasm. A multitude of technologies are available to assist surgeons in the intraoperative execution of hip and knee arthroplasty, ranging from robotics and augmented reality to artificial intelligence-powered fluoroscopy. The purpose of this review is to provide a framework for arthroplasty surgeons to understand the concept of artificial intelligence and the advancements in technologies that impact the perioperative care of patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty.