bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling the effect of macroeconomic factors on residential real estate investment returns in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Agava Halim Yusuf , Gamu Faoziah Afolashade
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study evaluated the effect of macroeconomic factors on residential real estate (RE) investment returns in the cities of Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria, with a view to guiding RE investors and researchers.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey research design was employed using a questionnaire to collect RE transaction data from 2008 to 2022 from estate surveying and valuation firms in the study areas. Rental and capital value data collected were used to construct rental and capital value indices and total returns on investment. The macroeconomic data used were retrieved from the archives of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Granger causality (GC) and multiple regression models were adopted to evaluate the effect of selected macroeconomic variables on residential RE investment returns in the study areas.

Findings

The study found a progressive upward movement in rental and capital values of residential RE investment in the study areas within the study period. Total and risk-adjusted returns on investment were equally positive within the study period. Only the inflation rate, unemployment rate and real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita were found to be the major determinants of residential RE investment returns in the study areas within the study period.

Research limitations/implications

The secrecy associated with property transaction information/data by RE practitioners in the study areas posed a challenge. Property transaction data were not adequately kept in a way for easier access and retrieval in many of the estate firms and agent offices. Consequently, there was a lack of data that spanned the study period in some of the sampled estate firms or agent offices. This data collection challenge was, however, overcome by the excess time spent retrieving the required data for this study to ensure that the findings appropriately answer the research questions.

Practical implications

Inflation and GDP per capita have been found to be significant factors that influence residential RE investment performance in the study areas. Therefore, investors should pay attention to these identified macroeconomic factors for residential RE investment in the study areas whilst making investment decisions in order to mitigate a possible loss of income or return. The government should formulate and implement economic policies that would address the current high unemployment and inflation rates in Nigeria at large.

Originality/value

This study has extended and further enriched the existing body of knowledge in the field of RE investment analysis in Nigeria. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to adopt the Cornish Fisher value-at-risk and modified Sharpe ratio models to analyse risk and risk-adjusted returns on residential RE investment, respectively, in Nigeria. It has therefore redirected the focus of RE researchers and practitioners to a more objective approach to RE investment performance analysis in Nigeria.
Stewardship regulation and institutional investors' preference for investee governance quality
Authors: Routledge James
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper examines whether the adoption of Japan’s Stewardship Code by institutional investors influences their preference for investee companies' governance quality. The Code, introduced by the Financial Services Agency in 2014, promotes constructive engagement between institutional investors and investee companies. Engagement with investees should improve institutional investors' ability to assess governance quality across their portfolios. The paper examines if this results in a positive relationship between the levels of Code-compliant institutional shareholding and investee governance quality.

Design/methodology/approach

The association between Code-compliant institutional shareholding levels and a governance quality score is examined for Nikkei 500 companies.

Findings

A positive association is observed between shareholdings by Code-compliant institutional investors and investee governance, with board independence playing a key role. Analysis shows that the association between institutional shareholding and governance is stronger for the Code-compliant shareholding than for overall institutional shareholdings. In addition, no significant relationship is found between the levels of shareholding by non-Code-compliant institutional investors and the governance quality score of investee companies. Taken together, the results suggest that Code adoption strengthens institutional investors' preference for high-quality investee governance.

Originality/value

Despite the introduction of stewardship regulation worldwide, there is a scarcity of empirical research that examines its operation. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into how compliance with stewardship regulation influences institutional investor decision-making.
The influence of quality of big data marketing analytics on marketing capabilities: the impact of perceived market performance!
Authors: Haverila Matti Juhani , Haverila Kai Christian
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Big data marketing analytics (BDMA) has been discovered to be a key contributing factor to developing necessary marketing capabilities. This research aims to investigate the impact of the technology and information quality of BDMA on the critical marketing capabilities by differentiating between firms with low and high perceived market performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The responses were collected from marketing professionals familiar with BDMA in North America (N = 236). The analysis was done with partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The results indicated positive and significant relationships between the information and technology quality as exogenous constructs and the endogenous constructs of the marketing capabilities of marketing planning, implementation and customer relationship management (CRM) with mainly moderate effect sizes. Differences in the path coefficients in the structural model were detected between firms with low and high perceived market performance.

Originality/value

This research indicates the critical role of technology and information quality in developing marketing capabilities. The study discovered heterogeneity in the sample population when using the low and high perceived market performance as the source of potential heterogeneity, the presence of which would likely cause a threat to the validity of the results in case heterogeneity is not considered. Thus, this research builds on previous research by considering this issue.
Augmenting the cities’ and metropolitan regional demands for mega rail infrastructure: the application of SWOT and factor analysis
Authors: Mihocic Emma , Gharehbaghi Koorosh , Hilletofth Per , Tee Kong Fah , Myers Matt
Published: January 2024

Purpose

In successfully meeting city and metropolitan growth, sustainable development is compulsory. Sustainability is a must-focus for any project, particularly for large and mega rail infrastructure. This paper aims to investigate to what degree social, environmental and economic factors influence the government when planning sustainable rail infrastructure projects. To respond to such a matter, this paper focuses on two Australian mega-rail projects: the South West Rail Link (SWRL) and the Mernda Rail Extension (MRE).

Design/methodology/approach

As the basis of an experimental evaluation framework strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) and factor analysis were used. These two methods were specifically selected as comparative tools for SWRL and SWRL projects, to measure their overall sustainability effect.

Findings

Using factor analysis, in the MRE, the factors of network capacity, accessibility, employment and urban planning were seen frequently throughout the case study. However, politics and economic growth had lower frequencies throughout this case study. This difference between the high-weighted factors is likely a key element that determined the SWRL to be more sustainable than the MRE. The SWOT analysis showed the strengths the MRE had over the SWRL such as resource use and waste management, and natural habitat preservation. These two analyses have shown that overall, calculating the sustainability levels of a project can be subjective, based on the conditions surrounding various analysis techniques.

Originality/value

This paper first introduces SWRL and MRE projects followed by a discussion about their overall sustainable development. Both projects go beyond the traditional megaprojects' goal of improving economic growth by developing and enhancing infrastructure. Globally, for such projects, sustainability measures are now considered alongside the goal of economic growth. Second, SWOT and factor analysis are undertaken to further evaluate the complexity of such projects. This includes their overall sustainable development vision alignment with environmental, economic and social factors.
Separation techniques for manufacturing fruit spirits: From traditional distillation to advanced pervaporation process
Authors: Wang Xiaoqin , Cui Wenwen , Guo Wentao , Sun Baoguo , Huang Mingquan , Li Jinchen , Li Hehe , Meng Nan
Published: January 2024

Separation process is one of the key processes in the production of fruit spirits, including the traditional distillation method and the new pervaporation membrane method. The separation process significantly determines the constituents and proportions of compounds in the fruit spirit, which has a significant impact on the spirit quality and consumer acceptance. Therefore, it is important and complex to reveal the changing rules of chemical substances and the principles behind them during the separation process of fruit spirits. This review summarized the traditional separation methods commonly used in fruit spirits, covering the types, principles, and corresponding equipment of distillation methods, focused on the enrichment or removal of aroma compounds and harmful factors in fruit spirits by distillation methods, and tried to explain the mechanism behind it. It also proposed a new separation technology for the production of fruit spirits, pervaporation membrane technology, summarized its working principle, operation, working parameters, and application in the production of fruit spirits, and outlined the impact of the separation method on the production of fruit spirits based on existing research, focusing on the separation of flavor compounds, sensory qualities, and hazard factors in fruit spirits, along with a preliminary comparison with distillation. Finally, according to the current researches of the separation methods and the development requirement of the separation process of fruit spirits, the prospect of corresponding research is put forward, in order to propose new ideas and development directions for the research in this field.
Drying kinetics prediction and quality effect of ultrasonic synergy vacuum far‐infrared drying of Codonopsis pilosula
Authors: Wang Tongxun , Ying Xinyu , Zhang Qian , Xu Yanrui , Jiang Chunhui , Shang Jianwei , Zang Zepeng , Wan Fangxin , Huang Xiaopeng
Published: January 2024

By using ultrasonic synergy vacuum far‐infrared drying (US‐VFID), the effects of different conditions on the drying kinetics, functional properties, and microstructure of Codonopsis pilosula slices were studied. The sparrow search algorithm (SSA) was used to optimize the back‐propagation (BP) neural network to predict the moisture ratio during drying. With the increase of ultrasonic frequency, power and radiation temperature, the drying time of C. pilosula was shortened. The drying time of US‐VFID was 25% shorter than VFID, when radiation temperature was 50°C, ultrasonic power was 48 W, and frequency was 28 kHz. The SSA‐BP neural network, the average absolute error prediction was 0.0067. Compared with hot air drying (HAD), the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of C. pilosula by US‐VFID were increased by 29.47% and 8.67%, respectively, and a reduction in color contrast of 16.19%. The dilation and generation of microcapillary of C. pilosula were more obvious. The study revealed US‐VFID could be used for the selection and process control of agro‐processing methods for C. pilosula products.
Effect of edible coatings and films enriched with plant extracts and essential oils on the preservation of animal‐derived foods
Authors: Antonino Claudia , Difonzo Graziana , Faccia Michele , Caponio Francesco
Published: January 2024

Edible coatings and films for food preservation are becoming more popular thanks to their environmentally friendly properties and active ingredient‐carrying ability. Their application can be effective in contrasting quality decay by limiting oxidation and deterioration of foods. Many reviews analyze the different compounds with which films and coatings can be created, their characteristics, and the effect when applied to food. However, the possibility of adding plant extracts and essential oils in edible coatings and films to preserve processed animal‐derived products has been not exhaustively explored. The aim of this review is to summarize how edible coatings and films enriched with plant extracts (EXs) and essential oils (EOs) influence the physico‐chemical and sensory features as well as the shelf‐life of cheese, and processed meat and fish. Different studies showed that various EXs and EOs limited both oxidation and microbial growth after processing and during food preservation. Moreover, encapsulation has been found to be a valid technology to improve the solubility and stability of EOs and EXs, limiting strong flavor, controlling the release of bioactive compounds, and maintaining their stability during storage. Overall, the incorporation of EXs and EOs in edible coating and film to preserve processed foods can offer benefits for improving the shelf‐life, limiting food losses, and creating a food sustainable chain.
Preparation, characterization, and release properties of Rosa roxburghii Tratt seed oil and β‐carotene‐coloaded proliposomes
Authors: Bi Huimin , Yang Jianqiu , Jiang Houwei , Fan Fangyu
Published: January 2024

Rosa roxburghii Tratt seed oil (RSO) and β‐carotene (βC) were chosen to prepare proliposomes by the thin‐film dispersion method. The characteristics of unloaded proliposome, RSO proliposome (L‐R), βC proliposome (L‐β), and RSO/βC proliposome (L‐R‐β) were analyzed, and their antioxidant activity, storage stability, and release properties were investigated. The proliposomes had an encapsulation efficiency (RSO, βC) higher than 83.10%, nanometer size, smooth surface, and irregular structure. L‐R‐β showed better dispersibility, stability, and antioxidant activity than L‐R and L‐β. Simultaneous encapsulation of RSO and βC reduced the phospholipid oxidation of proliposomes and improved the retention rate of RSO in storage environments of 4, 25, and 40°C. Moreover, the RSO and βC release kinetics of proliposomes in the simulated saliva fluid and gastric fluid phases can be described by the first‐order model, and the Korsmeyr–Peppas method was applied to describe their release mechanism in the simulated intestinal fluid phase.
Difficult intubation in syndromic versus nonsyndromic forms of micrognathia in children
Authors: Hunyady Agnes I. , Sergeeva Vera , Kovatsis Pete G. , Evans Kelly N. , Staffa Steven J. , Zurakowski David , Fiadjoe John E. , Jimenez Nathalia ,   Members of the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Research Consortium
Published: January 2024

Background

We investigated how syndromic versus nonsyndromic forms of micrognathia impacted difficult intubation outcomes in children. Primary outcome was the first‐attempt success rate of tracheal intubation, secondary outcomes were number of intubation attempts and complications. We hypothesized that syndromic micrognathia would be associated with lower first‐attempt success rate.

Methods

In micrognathic patients enrolled in the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry (08/2012–03/2019) we retrospectively compared demographic and clinical characteristics between children with nonsyndromic and syndromic micrognathia using standardized mean differences (SMD) and assessed the association of the presence of syndrome with the primary and secondary outcomes using propensity score matching analysis with and without matching for airway assessment findings.

Results

Nonsyndromic patients (628) were less likely to have additional airway abnormalities. Syndromic patients (216) were less likely to have unanticipated difficult intubation (2% vs. 20%, SMD 0.59). First‐attempt success rates of intubation were: 38% in the syndromic versus 34% in the nonsyndromic group (odds ratio [OR] 1.18; 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] 0.74, 1.89; p = .478), and 37% versus 37% (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.66, 1.48; p = .959). Median number of intubation attempts were 2 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1, 3; range: 1, 8) versus 2 (IQR: 1, 3; range 1, 12) (median regression coefficient = 0; 95% CI: −0.7, 0.7; p = .999) and 2 (IQR: 1, 3; range: 1, 12) versus 2 (IQR: 1, 3; range 1, 8) (median regression coefficient = 0; 95% CI: −0.5, 0.5; p = .999). Complication rates were 14% versus 22% (OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.34, 1.04; p = .07) and 16% versus 21% (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.43, 1.17; p = .185).

Conclusions

Presence of syndrome was not associated with lower first‐attempt success rate on intubation, number of intubation attempts, or complication rate among micrognathic patients difficult to intubate, despite more associated craniofacial abnormalities. Nonsyndromic patients were more likely to have unanticipated difficult intubations, first attempt with direct laryngoscopy.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of cytisine for the treatment of smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: De Santi Omar , Orellana Marcelo , Di Niro Cecilia Andrea , Greco Vanina
Published: January 2024

Background and aims

Smoking is considered the main cause of preventable death world‐wide. This study aimed to review the efficacy and safety of cytisine for smoking cessation.

Methods

This review included an exhaustive search of databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in health centers of any level with smokers of any age or gender investigating the effects of cytisine at standard dosage versus placebo, varenicline or nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).

Results

We identified 12 RCTs. Eight RCTs compared cytisine with placebo at the standard dose covering 5922 patients, 2996 of whom took cytisine, delivering a risk ratio (RR) of 2.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.42–3.56; I2 = 88%; moderate‐quality evidence]. The greater intensity of behavioral therapy was associated directly with the efficacy findings (moderate‐quality evidence). The confirmed efficacy of cytisine was not evidenced in trials conducted in low‐ and middle‐income countries. We estimate a number needed to treat (NNT) of 11. Two trials compared the efficacy of cytisine versus NRT, and the combination of both studies yields modest results in favor of cytisine. Three trials compared cytisine with varenicline, without a clear benefit for cytisine. Meta‐analyses of all non‐serious adverse events in the cytisine group versus placebo groups yielded a RR of 1.24 (95% CI = 1.11–1.39; participants = 5895; studies = 8; I2 = 0%; high‐quality evidence).

Conclusions

Cytisine increases the chances of successful smoking cessation by more than twofold compared with placebo and has a benign safety profile, with no evidence of serious safety concerns. Limited evidence suggests that cytisine may be more effective than nicotine replacement therapy, with modest cessation rates.
Exact testing for heteroscedasticity in a two‐way layout in variety frost trials when incorporating a covariate
Authors: Pilkington Angelika A. , Clarke Brenton R. , Diepeveen Dean A.
Published: January 2024

Two‐way layouts are common in grain industry research where it is often the case that there are one or more covariates. It is widely recognised that when estimating fixed effect parameters, one should also examine for possible extra error variance structure. An exact test for heteroscedasticity, when there is a covariate, is illustrated for a data set from frost trials in Western Australia. While the general algebra for the test is known, albeit in past literature, there are computational aspects of implementing the test for the two way when there are covariates. In this scenario the test is shown to have greater power than the industry standard, and because of its exact size, is preferable to use of the restricted maximum likelihood ratio test (REMLRT) based on the approximate asymptotic distribution in this instance. Formulation of the exact test considered here involves creation of appropriate contrasts in the experimental design. This is illustrated using specific choices of observations corresponding to an index set in the linear model for the two‐way layout. Also an algorithm supplied complements the test. Comparisons of size and power then ensue. The test has natural extensions when there are unbalanced data, and more than one covariate may be present. Results can be extended to Balanced Incomplete Block Designs.
Paediatric perspectives in the diagnosis of polyuria‐polydipsia syndrome
Authors: Huynh Tony , Signal Dana , Christ‐Crain Mirjam
Published: January 2024

The elucidation of the underlying cause of polyuria‐polydipsia syndrome (PPS) is a challenging—especially in the differentiation of partial defects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion or action from primary polydipsia. The water deprivation test has been utilized for many decades, and its application in the paediatric population has been applied using parameters predominantly established in adult cohorts. In more recent times, the development of automated commercial assays for copeptin, a surrogate marker for AVP, has represented a significant advancement in the diagnostic approach to PPS. Measurement of copeptin concentrations has major advantages and has essentially superseded measurement of AVP in diagnostic protocols for PPS. Additionally, stimulated‐copeptin protocols utilizing hypertonic saline infusion, arginine, and glucagon have been investigated, and are promising. However, further studies are required in the population—incorporating the differences in physiological regulation of water homeostasis, and safety requirements—before there is widespread adoption into clinical practice.
Contact allergy caused by acrylates in nail cosmetics: A pilot study from Greece
Authors: Gkousiaki Maria , Karalis Vangelis D. , Kyritsi Aikaterini , Almpani Chara , Geronikolou Styliani , Stratigos Alexandros , Rallis Michail Christou , Tagka Anna
Published: January 2024

Background

The growing popularity of nail techniques based on acrylates has led to a higher frequency of sensitization in both nail technicians and users.

Objectives

The study aimed to assess cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by acrylates in individuals with occupational or non‐occupational exposure to nail techniques.

Methods

A preliminary study was conducted on 30 patients with ACD caused by acrylates in nail techniques, who were patch tested from September 2022 to March 2023 at the First Department of Dermatology and Venereology of Andreas Syggros Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Results

Thirty female patients with ACD to acrylates were documented (15 users and 15 nail technicians and users). The most common allergens were: 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), which tested positive in all 30 patients (100.0%). Twenty patients (66.7%) had been exposed to dental procedures involving acrylates, before the onset of ACD. Nail technicians exhibited extensive skin lesions, 40.0% experienced ACD within the first year of work and 13.3% during their professional practice. Three of them (20.0%) had to discontinue their work.

Conclusion

Acrylates have been identified as potent allergens, necessitating the implementation of safety measures for the use of these chemicals in nail techniques.
S3 guideline Atopic dermatitis: Part 2 ‐ Systemic treatment
Authors: Werfel Thomas , Heratizadeh Annice , Aberer Werner , Augustin Matthias , Biedermann Tilo , Bauer Andrea , Fölster‐Holst Regina , Kahle Julia , Kinberger Maria , Nemat Katja , Neustädter Irena , Peters Eva , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Schmitt Jochen , Schwennesen Thomas , Simon Dagmar , Spindler Thomas , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Werner Ricardo Niklas , Wollenberg Andreas , Worm Margitta , Ott Hagen
Published: January 2024

The present S3 guideline was created based on the European English‐language S3 guideline, with special consideration given to the medical conditions in the German‐speaking region, and with additions from the previous German‐language version, in accordance with the criteria of the AWMF. This second part of the guideline addresses the systemic therapy of atopic dermatitis (AD). It covers topics such as the indication for systemic therapy in children, adolescents, and adult patients with AD. Furthermore, it addresses all medications approved for AD, such as the biologics dupilumab and tralokinumab, the Janus kinase inhibitors abrocitinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib, as well as conventional immunosuppressive therapies with systemic glucocorticosteroids and ciclosporin. Additionally, it discusses systemic off‐label therapies. The first part of the guideline, published separately, includes the definition and diagnostic aspects of AD, describes topical therapy, non‐drug therapy approaches, and addresses aspects related to special patient groups.
The volatility of survey measures of culture and its consequences
Authors: Zanella Giulio , Bellani Marina M.
Published: January 2024

Measures of cultural attitudes derived from the World Values Survey are often used in economics to investigate the relation between individual culture and aggregate output. We show (i) that these measures are constructed from underlying variables that exhibit within‐country volatility and time trends; and (ii) that such lack of persistence implies fragile correlations between cultural measures and output. These points are illustrated by revisiting prominent studies in this literature.
Adhesion to and survival of foodborne pathogens in produce and strategies for their biocontrol
Authors: Barba‐León Jeannette , Arista‐Regalado Aurora Dolores , Mancilla‐Becerra Lilia Mercedes , Flores‐Valdez Mario Alberto , González‐Aguilar Delia Guillermina
Published: January 2024

Foodborne pathogens can cause gastrointestinal infections in consumers and in some cases can even lead to outbreaks. In the last decade, it has been observed that some zoonotic pathogenic bacteria can use plants as secondary hosts. Contamination with foodborne bacteria becomes relevant in foods that are regularly eaten raw, such as lettuce, cilantro, fenugreek, rocket leaves, basil, and so forth, and some fruits such as tomatoes, melons, and green peppers; because the elimination of these pathogenic bacteria is difficult to achieve with conventional sanitization processes. Contamination of produce can occur throughout the entire production chain. In farmlands, pathogenic bacteria can contaminate the seed, mainly when contaminated water is used for irrigation. Later, bacteria can reach other plant tissues such as the stems, leaves, and fruits. Another form of contamination is when the produce is in contact with feces from domestic, production, or wild animals. Additionally, poor handling practices during harvest, packaging, distribution, and sale can contaminate produce. Studies have shown that foodborne pathogens can adhere to produce, sometimes forming a biofilm, and can also be internalized into the plant or fruit, which protects them from sanitation processes. For this reason, in this text we address three biocontrol strategies such as bacteria, lytic bacteriophages, and some fungi, as an alternative approach for the control of both foodborne and plant pathogens. Additionally, the use of these biological agents can represent an advantage for the development of the plant, making them a good strategy to favor yield.
Stigma and loneliness among young and middle‐aged stroke survivors: A moderated mediation model of interpersonal sensitivity and resilience
Authors: Huang Haitao , Zhang Liao , Dong Wanglin , Tu Ling , Tang Haishan , Liu Shejuan , Chen Hong , Xie Naze , Chen Chaoran
Published: January 2024

Accessible Summary

What is known about the subject?

Loneliness is common among young and middle‐aged stroke survivors. It not only hinders the recovery of their neurological and physical functions but also increases the risk of stroke recurrence, disability, and even death.

Improving the mental health of young and middle‐aged stroke survivors is of utmost importance. However, previous research has not yet investigated the impact of interpersonal sensitivity and resilience on the relationship between stigma and feelings of loneliness.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

This study confirms that stigma has a positive impact on loneliness among young and middle‐aged stroke survivors.

Interpersonal sensitivity partially mediates the relationship between stigma and loneliness, and resilience plays a moderating role in the mediating mechanism.

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health nurses can formulate nursing interventions to reduce loneliness of young and middle‐aged stroke survivors with the goals of improving stigma, reducing interpersonal sensitivity and cultivating resilience.

Introduction

Previous studies have not explored the impact of interpersonal sensitivity and resilience on the relationship between stigma and loneliness. However, improving the resilience of young and middle‐aged stroke survivors and increasing their social participation is of great significance for reducing patients' loneliness of patients and promoting their physical and mental rehabilitation.

Aims

To investigate the influence of stigma, interpersonal sensitivity and resilience on loneliness among young and middle‐aged stroke survivors.

Methods

A cross‐sectional design was used to collect data. A total of 330 participants completed measures of stigma, resilience, interpersonal sensitivity and loneliness. The descriptive statistical approach, Pearson's correlation analysis and Hayes' PROCESS Macro Model 4 and 7 in regression analysis were used to analyse the available data.

Results

The results revealed that young and middle‐aged stroke survivors' stigma, resilience, interpersonal sensitivity and loneliness were significantly correlated between every two variables, with coefficients ranging between −0.157 and 0.682. Interpersonal sensitivity played a partial mediating role in stigma and loneliness, accounting for 63.27% of the total effect; This process was moderated by resilience.

Discussion

Stigma positively predicts participants' loneliness. As a mediating mechanism with moderating, interpersonal sensitivity and resilience further explain how stigma affects loneliness.

Implications for Practice

Understanding this mechanism is of guiding significance to reduce loneliness of young and middle‐aged stroke patients and promote their physical and mental rehabilitation.
Screening Candida auris through a multiplex stepwise PCR algorithm directly from clinical samples of patients suspected of otomycosis in south of Iran; Detection of five cases
Authors: Naeimi Behrouz , Safari Fatemeh , Ahmadikia Kazem , Ahmadipour Mohammad Javad , Sadeghzadeh Farzaneh , Kondori Nahid , Ahmadi Bahram
Published: January 2024

Background

Otomycosis is an infection of the external auditory canal caused by molds and yeasts with descending frequency. Laboratory diagnosis is usually confirmed by microscopy and culture. However, they are not specific enough to reliably differentiate the causative agents, especially for rare pathogens such as Candida auris. The purpose of the current study was to the molecular screening of C. auris species from direct clinical samples of patients with suspected otomycosis in Southern of Iran.

Materials and Methods

A total of 221 ear aspirates collected from 221 patients with suspected otomycosis over a four‐year period. All the ear aspirations were examined with pan‐fungal primers, then those with a positive result was included in two separate reaction mixtures simultaneously to identify the most clinically relevant Aspergillus and Candida species. The validity of positive samples for C. auris was assessed by sequencing.

Results

Of the 189 pan‐fungal positive PCRs, 78 and 39 specimens contained Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp., respectively. Furthermore, 65 specimens showed simultaneous positive bands in both Candida and Aspergillus species‐specific multiplex PCR including five samples/patients with positive result for C. auris (5/189; 2.6%). Four out of five cases with C. auris species‐specific PCR were reconfirmed by sequencing, while none were positive for C. auris in culture.

Conclusion

Unfortunately, due to high treatment failure rates of antifungal classes against C. auris species, rapid and accurate identification of patients colonised with C. auris is critical to overcome the challenge of preventing transmission. This PCR assay can be successfully applied for rapid and accurate detection of C. auris directly in patient samples and is able to differentiate C. auris from closely related Candida species.
Best Practices in STEM Education for Preschool Children: A Case Study in Malaysia
Authors: Ghazali Azam , Mohamad Ashari Zakiah , Hardman Joanne , Omar Romarzila , Handayani Sri Wiji
Published: January 2024

Previous research has demonstrated that since 1967, the Malaysian government has set a target percentage rate of 60:40 for student involvement in the science stream compared to literature. This ratio policy has been followed throughout the national school system ever since. However, such a ratio appears to be impossible to maintain year after year. Therefore, the empowerment of science education needs to be explored from an earlier. This study was conducted to (i) explore best practices in Early Science in relation to the implementation of STEM activity in preschool; (ii) explore best practices in Early Mathematics in relation to the implementation of STEM activity in preschool; (iii) explore technology-assisted teaching tools in relation to the implementation of STEM activity in preschool; and (iv) explore engineering activity in relation to the implementation of STEM activity in preschool. This qualitative study employed a case study approach, with data triangulation based on interviews, observations, and document analysis serving as the exploratory method. This study was conducted independently in three Malaysian preschools in Perak and Selangor respectively, with four teachers and 39 children participating as study participants. ATLAS.ti version 8 software was used to generate, arrange, and organise the themes from the three research instruments described utilizing descriptive analysis with the flow of coding processes. The results show that there are nine STEM education best practices, with play-based learning being identified by participants the most frequently. Thus, this study's most significant contribution is the potential to bridge the gap between the Ministry of Education Malaysia's goals to advance STEM education globally, starting in the early years.
K‐theory Soergel bimodules
Authors: Eberhardt Jens Niklas
Published: January 2024

We initiate the study of ‐theory Soergel bimodules, a global and ‐theoretic version of Soergel bimodules. We show that morphisms of ‐theory Soergel bimodules can be described geometrically in terms of equivariant ‐theoretic correspondences between Bott–Samelson varieties. We thereby obtain a natural categorification of ‐theory Soergel bimodules in terms of equivariant coherent sheaves. We introduce a formalism of stratified equivariant ‐motives on varieties with an affine stratification, which is a ‐theoretic analog of the equivariant derived category of Bernstein–Lunts. We show that Bruhat‐stratified torus‐equivariant ‐motives on flag varieties can be described in terms of chain complexes of ‐theory Soergel bimodules. Moreover, we propose conjectures regarding an equivariant/monodromic Koszul duality for flag varieties and the quantum ‐theoretic Satake.
New Developments in Hydroelectric Power-Plant Design
Authors: Sirnit J. A.
Published: January 2024

The most logical and simplest way to maintain the full capacity of a hydraulic power plant during flood periods is to remove the high tail water from the discharge opening. This may be most successfully accomplished by a backwater suppressor utilizing the waste water and the present paper is chiefly devoted to the development and application of this method.

Two testing models are described and the results presented, while the design of the draft-tube orifice is discussed at considerable length. Finally the plant of the Alabama Power Company at Mitchell Dam on the Coosa River in Alabama, where the Thurlow type of backwater suppressor was first conceived and applied, is described, details of its construction and equipment being included.
Stress Concentration Produced by Holes and Fillets
Authors: Timoshenko S. , Dietz W.
Published: January 2024

In many practical cases a very high stress concentration is produced by holes, grooves, notches, and sharp variation of cross-sections. This stress concentration is particularly undesirable where materials undergo reversal of stress. Coefficients of safety as hitherto employed have been large enough to cover such weakness. The modern tendency in design is to increase working stresses, thus obtaining lighter and more economical structures, and concentration of stress is thus receiving more attention.

The authors attack a number of practical problems relating to holes and fillets, and employ several methods of approach; namely, analytical method giving approximate solutions for certain simple cases; photoelastic method by means of which stress concentration can be studied if the problem is a two-dimensional one; Lueders’ Line, method, the study of certain lines appearing on the polished surfaces of a mild-steel specimen subjected to simple tension or compression, at the points of highest stress concentration; and fine extensometer measurements at points of stress concentration. Analytical and experimental methods are found by the authors to be in satisfactory agreement as far as static loads are concerned. When reversal of stress is involved, the weakening effect of stress concentration can only be established accurately on the basis of fatigue tests.
Tangential Vibration of Steam-Turbine Buckets
Authors: Campbell Wilfred , Heckman W. C.
Published: January 2024

At the spring meeting of this Society in 1924 a paper was presented by the author on The Protection of Steam-Turbine Disk Wheels from Axial Vibration.2 The present paper describes how the same research was extended to include tangential vibration. Substantially the same testing apparatus was used and the same methods of protection have been adopted. Resonant conditions are avoided by carefully prescribed margins. In unsymmetrical reaction buckets, the component vibration lying most nearly in the plane of the wheel is, by definition, treated as tangential vibration. The methods described suffice for protection against any combined or intermediate type. Additional results are given by W. C. Heckman in Part II.
The Theory of the Dynamic Vibration Absorber
Authors: Ormondroyd J. , Den Hartog J. P.
Published: January 2024

The “vibration absorber” discussed in this paper consists of a small vibratory system tuned to the operating frequency of a larger machine and attached to it in a suitable location. When properly designed this will reduce the vibrations of the machine itself materially. The absorber, without damping, annihilates vibrations of its own frequency completely, but creates two other critical speeds in the machine system. Therefore it is suitable only for applications on constant-speed machinery. When damping is introduced into the absorber it constitutes a simple and efficient means of diminishing the vibrations of a machine of variable speed. An analysis of its operation in simple cases with and without damping is given in the paper, tests made on a model are described, and actual applications are discussed.
Cooling and Lubrication of Cutting Tools: Progress Report No. 1 of the Sub-Committee on Cutting Fluids of the A.S.M.E. Special Research Committee on Cutting of Metals
Authors: Hersey Mayo D. , Ashman G. H. , Blood B. H. , Boston O. W. , De Leeuw A. L. , Yonkman W. , Nichols W. W.
Published: January 2024

This report begins with a review of the many unsettled questions of cutting-fluid performance which have led to the formulation of a general program for research on that subject by the Society in cooperation with the Bureau of Standards and other organizations. Then follows a brief survey of current practice in the selection of cutting fluids for the respective operations and for the various materials to be cut, based upon information received from a number of the leading metal-cutting plants in the United States. Afterward there is given a brief outline of recent experimental work which will be continued as rapidly as financial support is obtained. The report is concluded by appendixes containing (1) a bibliography of cutting-fluids literature; and (2) a chart for tabulating current shop practice in the use of cutting fluids.

The experimental program recommended by the Sub-Committee aims to determine quantitative relations connecting the cutting performance of the fluid in any given process such as finish-turning of steel, with the numerous variables on which it may depend, including not only such factors as speed and depth of cut, but also the physical properties of the fluid, such as its specific heat and its oiliness.
Bragg Resonance of Surface Gravity Waves by Surface-Piercing Vertical Multi-Plate Breakwaters
Authors: Chen Changzhe , Wu Jingping , Pan Jun , Zou Zaojian
Published: January 2024

The interaction between surface gravity waves and surface-piercing vertical multi-plate breakwaters in finite water depth is investigated under the assumption of potential flow theory. The time-domain desingularized boundary integral equation method (DBIEM) is adopted to solve the boundary value problem. A decomposition method based on the superposition principle is used to obtain reflected waves. The effect of the vertical plates as a floating breakwater by making full use of Bragg resonance is analyzed. Initially, the waveforms calculated without breakwaters are compared with second-order Stokes regular wave to obtain the appropriate desingularization distance. Then, the interaction of surface gravity waves with the breakwaters with the single plate, double, and triple plates are analyzed. The transmission and reflection coefficients of the breakwater with the single plate are verified with the analytical solutions of previous literature. The transmission and reflection coefficients of the breakwaters with double and triple plates are verified with experimental results. Finally, the transmission and reflection coefficients of surface-piercing vertical multi-plate breakwaters with different plate numbers and drafts are also calculated. The occurring condition of Bragg resonance and its values affected by the plate number and the draft are analyzed. The present results are reference values for the optimal design of vertical plates as a floating breakwater for offshore and coastal engineering applications by fully using Bragg resonance.
Surgical pit crew: initiative to optimise measurement and accountability for operating room turnover time
Authors: Goldhaber Nicole H , Schaefer Robin L , Martinez Roman , Graham Andrew , Malachowski Elizabeth , Rhodes Lisa P , Waterman Ruth S , Mekeel Kristin L , Clay Brian J , McHale Michael
Published: January 2024

Background and objectives

Turnover time (TOT), defined as the time between surgical cases in the same operating room (OR), is often perceived to be lengthy without clear cause. With the aim of optimising and standardising OR turnover processes and decreasing TOT, we developed an innovative and staff-interactive TOT measurement method.

Methods

We divided TOT into task-based segments and created buttons on the electronic health record (EHR) default prelogin screen for appropriate staff workflows to collect more granular data. We created submeasures, including ‘clean-up start’, ‘clean-up complete’, ‘set-up start’ and ‘room ready for patient’, to calculate environmental services (EVS) response time, EVS cleaning time, room set-up response time, room set-up time and time to room accordingly.

Results

Since developing and implementing these workflows, measures have demonstrated excellent staff adoption. Median times of EVS response and cleaning have decreased significantly at our main hospital ORs and ambulatory surgery centre.

Conclusion

OR delays are costly to hospital systems. TOT, in particular, has been recognised as a potential dissatisfier and cause of delay in the perioperative environment. Viewing TOT as one finite entity and not a series of necessary tasks by a variety of team members limits the possibility of critical assessment and improvement. By dividing the measurement of TOT into respective segments necessary to transition the room at the completion of one case to the onset of another, valuable insight was gained into the causes associated with turnover delays, which increased awareness and improved accountability of staff members to complete assigned tasks efficiently.
Implementer report: ICD-10 code F44.5 review for functional seizure disorder
Authors: Ali Sana F , Bornovski Yarden , Gopaul Margaret , Galluzzo Daniela , Goulet Joseph , Argraves Stephanie , Jackson-Shaheed Ebony , Cheung Kei-Hoi , Brandt Cynthia A. , Altalib Hamada Hamid
Published: January 2024

Objective

The study aimed to measure the validity of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition (ICD-10) code F44.5 for functional seizure disorder (FSD) in the Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System electronic health record (VA EHR).

Methods

The study used an informatics search tool, a natural language processing algorithm and a chart review to validate FSD coding.

Results

The positive predictive value (PPV) for code F44.5 was calculated to be 44%.

Discussion

ICD-10 introduced a specific code for FSD to improve coding validity. However, results revealed a meager (44%) PPV for code F44.5. Evaluation of the low diagnostic precision of FSD identified inconsistencies in the ICD-10 and VA EHR systems.

Conclusion

Information system improvements may increase the precision of diagnostic coding by clinicians. Specifically, the EHR problem list should include commonly used diagnostic codes and an appropriately curated ICD-10 term list for ‘seizure disorder,’ and a single ICD code for FSD should be classified under neurology and psychiatry.