bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a novel bioengineered 3D brain‐like tissue for studying primary blast‐induced traumatic brain injury
Authors: Snapper Dustin M. , Reginauld Bianca , Liaudanskaya Volha , Fitzpatrick Vincent , Kim Yeonho , Georgakoudi Irene , Kaplan David L. , Symes Aviva J.
Published: October 2022

Primary blast injury is caused by the direct impact of an overpressurization wave on the body. Due to limitations of current models, we have developed a novel approach to study primary blast‐induced traumatic brain injury. Specifically, we employ a bioengineered 3D brain‐like human tissue culture system composed of collagen‐infused silk protein donut‐like hydrogels embedded with human IPSC‐derived neurons, human astrocytes, and a human microglial cell line. We have utilized this system within an advanced blast simulator (ABS) to expose the 3D brain cultures to a blast wave that can be precisely controlled. These 3D cultures are enclosed in a 3D‐printed surrogate skull‐like material containing media which are then placed in a holder apparatus inside the ABS. This allows for exposure to the blast wave alone without any secondary injury occurring. We show that blast induces an increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity and glutamate release from the cultures, indicating cellular injury. Additionally, we observe a significant increase in axonal varicosities after blast. These varicosities can be stained with antibodies recognizing amyloid precursor protein. The presence of amyloid precursor protein deposits may indicate a blast‐induced axonal transport deficit. After blast injury, we find a transient release of the known TBI biomarkers, UCHL1 and NF‐H at 6 h and a delayed increase in S100B at 24 and 48 h. This in vitro model will enable us to gain a better understanding of clinically relevant pathological changes that occur following primary blast and can also be utilized for discovery and characterization of biomarkers.
Peptide mapping of proteins by capillary electromigration methods
Authors: Kašička Václav
Published: October 2022

This review article provides a wide overview of important developments and applications of capillary electromigration methods in the area of peptide mapping of proteins in the period 1997–mid‐2022, including review articles on this topic. It deals with all major aspects of peptide mapping by capillary electromigration methods: i) precleavage sample preparation involving purification, preconcentration, denaturation, reduction and alkylation of protein(s) to be analyzed, ii) generation of peptide fragments by off‐line or on‐line enzymatic and/or chemical cleavage of protein(s), iii) postcleavage preparation of the generated peptide mixture for capillary electromigration separation, iv) separation of the complex peptide mixtures by one‐, two‐ and multidimensional capillary electromigration methods coupled with mass spectrometry detection, and v) a large application of peptide mapping for variable purposes, such as qualitative analysis of monoclonal antibodies and other protein biopharmaceuticals, monitoring of posttranslational modifications, determination of primary structure and investigation of function of proteins in biochemical and clinical research, characterization of proteins of variable origin as well as for protein and peptide identification in proteomic and peptidomic studies.
Investigate the metabolic profile and potential active compounds of Fructus Corni in the treatment of heart failure by applying ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and network pharmacology
Authors: Wang Yinjie , Chen Shiyan , Mo Jiaxin , Chen Xiaoshan , Yang Yinping , Zhang Kaiming , Chen Zhengxiong , Zhang Cui‐Xian
Published: October 2022

Fructus Corni has been reported to contain a wide variety of pharmacological effects and previous studies had revealed that Fructus Corni might protect the cardiac indices. However, the all‐encompassing metabolic profile of Fructus Corni has not been well illuminated. In this research, high‐sensitivity ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method was adopted to identify the metabolic profile after oral administration of Fructus Corni extract, especially the metabolic characterization of serum and heart, for which the targets and signaling pathways about heart failure were hunted through compound‐target‐disease‐pathway intersection network. Ultimately, 37 ingredients were identified in Fructus Corni extract, and 22 prototypes and 134 metabolites that were identified in serum, heart, feces, and urine were tentatively characterized, which contained iridoids, flavonoids, tannins, organic acids, and others. Additionally, 10 putative key compounds including four prototypes and six phase I metabolites were screened by network pharmacology and molecular docking, among which, secoxyloganin (P7), loganin (P14), cornuside III (P17) and cornuside (P20) were the absorbed compounds to represent the potential active ingredients of Fructus Corni engaged in heart failure condition. In general, this method provided the combined strategy to preliminarily settle the complex of Fructus Corni’s metabolic profiling and anti‐heart failure pharmacologic activities.
The role of time since trauma on treatment outcomes of veterans in two intensive posttraumatic stress disorder treatment programs
Authors: Splaine Cailan , Smith Dale L. , Held Philip
Published: October 2022

Research on the impact of time since trauma (TST) on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment outcomes lacks consensus and has not been examined in cognitive processing therapy (CPT)–based intensive PTSD treatment programs (ITPs). Furthermore, little is known about how TST impacts other trauma‐related outcomes, such as depressive symptoms and negative posttrauma cognitions. We examined whether TST predicted severity and changes in PTSD and depressive symptoms and negative posttrauma cognitions, controlling for trauma type (combat or military sexual trauma), age, sex, and race, in two separate samples of veterans with PTSD who completed 2‐week (n = 132) or 3‐week (n = 407) CPT‐based ITPs. In the 3‐week sample, PTSD symptom reduction differed based on TST; however, these differences lacked clinical significance, TST x Time R2b = .002, and were not replicated in the 2‐week sample, R2b < .001. TST did not significantly predict depressive symptoms, R2b = .005, or negative posttrauma cognition severity or changes, R2b = .002, in the 3‐week sample. In the 2‐week sample, linear mixed‐effects models indicated that TST also did not significantly predict PTSD or depressive symptoms, R2bs < .001, or negative posttrauma cognition severity or changes, R2bs = .002. These findings suggest that TST is not a clinically relevant predictor of PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, or negative posttrauma cognitions among individuals engaged in CPT‐based ITPs. Future research should investigate the association between TST and trauma‐related outcomes in more trauma type– and age‐diverse samples within different intensive treatment settings.
Cancer‐associated fibroblast‐secreted miR‐421 promotes pancreatic cancer by regulating the SIRT3/H3K9Ac/HIF‐1α axis
Authors: Zhou Bin , Lei Jing‐Hao , Wang Qiang , Qu Teng‐Fei , Cha Li‐Chao , Zhan Han‐Xiang , Liu Shang‐Long , Hu Xiao , Sun Chuan‐Dong , Guo Wei‐Dong , Qiu Fa‐Bo , Cao Jing‐Yu
Published: October 2022

This study was designed to explore the effects of exosomal miR‐421 secreted by cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on pancreatic cancer (PC) progression and the mechanisms involved. CAFs and exosomes (exos) were isolated and identified. PC cells were treated with CAF‐derived exos (CAF‐exos). Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to measure miR‐421, sirtuin‐3 (SIRT3), and hypoxia duciblefactors‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α) levels. Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), wound‐healing, and transwell migration assays were used to measure proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of the cells. Dual‐luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiment analyzed the relationship between miR‐421 and SIRT3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (f)‐verified H3K9Ac enrichment in the HIF‐1α promoter region. In vivo tumorigenesis experiments were performed to further explore the effects of exosomal miR‐421 from CAFs on PC. CAFs and exos were successfully isolated. CAF‐exo‐treated PC cells highly expressed miR‐421 and had increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. Knocking down miR‐421 increased the expression of SIRT3. SIRT3 is a target of miR‐421, and inhibiting the expression of SIRT3 reversed the negative effects of miR‐421 knockdown on PC cell. Knocking down miR‐421 in CAF‐exo inhibited the expression of HIF‐1α in PC cells. Moreover, SIRT3‐mediated HIF‐1α expression by regulating H3K9Ac. HIF‐1α overexpression reversed the inhibiting effects of SIRT3 overexpression on PC progression and counteracted the inhibiting effects of miR‐421 knockdown on glycolysis. Moreover, in vivo tumorigenesis experiments showed that knocking down miR‐421 attenuated CAF‐exo induced tumor growth. Exosomal miR‐421 from CAFs promoted PC progression by regulating the SIRT3/H3K9Ac/HIF‐1α axis. This study provided insights into the molecular mechanism of PC.
MinK: A conceptual framework for individual knowledge assessment in organizational context
Authors: Ragab Mohamed AF , Arisha Amr
Published: October 2022

Effectual knowledge management (KM) entails knowledge assessment capability which enables organizations to identify knowledge holders and hence optimize human capital allocation and retention. The purpose of this paper is to present a new framework, referred to asMinK, that empowers organizations in appraising individual knowledge by providing an inclusive assessment platform. Following a comprehensive literature review, an exploratory study was conducted to explore the underlying constructs of individual knowledge from a practitioner's perspective. Semi‐structured interviews were held with 20 senior executives from diverse industries. Managers provided valuable insights about their conceptualization of individual knowledge and the characteristics of knowledge holders. Findings from the interviews complemented the literature in informing the design of the framework. The MinK framework evaluates individuals' knowledge from a number of perspectives using a multi‐dimensional scorecard of theoretically grounded measures. The assessment process adopts the 360‐degree approach to collate multi‐source appraisals from different echelons of the organization, ultimately producing an Individual Knowledge Index for each employee. The index is computed using a unique mathematical formula that combines multi‐criteria decision analysis techniques to consolidate results into a single reflective numeral. The incorporation of technology allows the complete automation of the assessment process and helps to address parametric multiplicity and arithmetic complexity. This paper contributes to KM theory by unveiling the underlying constructs of individual knowledge in organizational context and proposing a comprehensive theoretical framework that signifies the pivotal role of individuals in firm knowledge dynamics. It also provides managers with an innovative and integrated individual knowledge assessment framework.
Clinical factors associated with early disease progression after radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma and feasibility of post‐progression systemic therapy
Authors: Van Laeken Charlotte , Taelman Thibault , Cappuyns Sarah , Maleux Geert , Vandecaveye Vincent , Verslype Chris , Deroose Christophe , Dekervel Jeroen
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims

Radioembolization (RE) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can provide clinical benefit for well‐selected patients, whilst in others, rapid disease progression is observed. As an alternative for this patient population, new potent systemic treatment options are emerging. We aimed to identify the clinical factors associated with rapid progression following RE and assess the feasibility of starting a systemic treatment after progression.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients with unresectable HCC undergoing RE at a single referral centre between January 2009 and December 2018. Progression‐free and overall survival times were calculated. Uni‐ and multivariate cox regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with poor outcomes. Charts were reviewed for post‐progression treatment strategies.

Results

Overall, 116 patients with unresectable HCC were included. Median PFS after RE was 6.7 months (95% CI 3.97–9.37), which varied significantly (P < .001) with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (EGOC PS) (ECOG 0, 20.9 months [95% CI 8.6–33.2]; ECOG 1, 7.7 months [95% CI 3.1–12.1]; ECOG 2, 4.4 months [95% CI 1.7–7]). This association remained significant after multivariate testing, together with the number of HCC lesions (P = .017) and α‐FP (P = .050). Progressive disease after RE occurred in 82 patients, of whom only 40 received subsequent systemic treatment. Again, ECOG PS at the time of progression was significantly better for patients who did receive systemic treatment versus those who did not (P = .002).

Conclusion

Patients with unresectable HCC, impaired general condition and multinodular disease have inferior outcomes after radioembolization. After RE, close monitoring of patient performance status, liver function and cancer control is warranted to allow timely initiation of systemic treatment when indicated.
Numerical Characterization of Mixing in a Kneading Element Channel of Dual‐Speed Corotating Non‐Twin Screws Using Lagrangian Statistics Method
Authors: Xu Baiping , Liang Ruifeng , Xiao Shuping , Tan Lingcao , Song Jian , Yu Huiwen
Published: October 2022

A novel kind of dual‐speed corotating non‐twin kneading elements with a zero stagger angle is designed to improve mixing ability. The physical model considering several narrow gaps is developed where the inlet and outlet transition sections are also included. Finite element method associated with the mesh superposition technique is further applied to solve the time‐dependent flow field where fluid is assumed to obey the Carreau constitutive model. The tracers initially from different locations are tracked using a self‐developed fourth‐order Runge–Kutta scheme. Distributive mixing is evaluated through evolution of tracer droplets and decaying of variance index with time. In addition, a Lagrangian statistics method is used to characterize the dispersive mixing in terms of the statistical distributions of mixing index and their integration areas within the range of mixing index larger than 0.5. In contrast, the kneading elements of a conventional twin screw configuration are also modeled to show the mixing difference.
Performance of plasma source and irradiation for optical properties improvement of gelatin/silver composite
Authors: Radwan S.I. , Shehata M.M. , Abdel Samad S. , El‐Khabeary H.
Published: October 2022

This article describes the design, development and operation of a plasma generator using nitrogen gas for various materials processing applications. It consists of two electrodes, anode and cathode, made of palladium rods of different diameters serve as the plasma source. The plasma between the anode and cathode was formed at different pressures using nitrogen gas. When compared the palladium electrodes to graphite ones, the discharge characteristics of palladium electrodes without and with Teflon insulators that covered all electrodes save the head were investigated. The discharge characteristics at the optimum anode‐cathode distance and the diameter of palladium electrodes without and with a Teflon insulator were compared. Also, the discharge characteristics for palladium and graphite electrodes at the optimum anode‐cathode distance and electrode diameter without and with Teflon insulator were compared. The gelatin/silver composite specimens (for solar cells) were exposed to nitrogen plasma at different intervals. The photoluminescence and ultraviolet‐visible spectra of these specimens were analyzed and the results appeared to show that the specimens were sensitive to the visible spectrum. Except plasma irradiation time of 360 s, when the optical band gap energy rose, the band gap decreased as nitrogen plasma irradiation times increased.
Investigation of the potential of topology optimization in additive manufacturing using the example of components subject to bending stress
Authors: Jantos D.R. , Röttger A. , Junker P.
Published: October 2022

In this application‐oriented work, we examine the performance of topology‐optimized structures as compared to the reference I‐beam. We make use of the thermodynamic topology optimization based on a linear elastic compliance minimization, i. e. minimization of the elastic strain energy of the whole structure. We investigate, how the optimization of the rather theoretical strain energy influences the efficiency of more practical measurements, i. e. the force‐displacement response at the loading points and the maximum tolerable force. For this purpose, starting from a cuboid design space with the boundary conditions of a 3‐point and 4‐point bending stress, the geometry with constant volume was optimized. The topology‐optimized bending beams were subsequently produced by stereolithography and mechanically tested with respect to the previously defined boundary conditions. In order to avoid a falsification of results due to internal sample defects, all samples were previously examined with the aid of computer tomography with regard to the defects in the volume. As a general result, the topology‐optimized bending beams can bear a higher load in the experiment, which shows the usefulness of the coupling of additive manufacturing and topology optimization methods without any special constraints or enhancements regarding the manufacturing process within the optimization.
Numerical modeling of fiber reinforced polymer textile composites for characterizing the mechanical behavior – a review
Authors: Kaushik V. , Sharma P. , Priyanka P. , Mali H.S.
Published: October 2022

Polymeric composites are used worldwide due to their enhanced applications in various sectors such as automotive, defense, aerospace, marine, and many others. Its lightweight and high‐strength applications make it convenient to use in high‐security fields such as defense and aerospace. Thus, it is essential to characterize composite materials for product development. Numerical simulation of composites has advantages over experimental characterization. The paper presents the mechanical behavior of polymer textile composites, employing geometrical modeling and a numerical simulation approach, under several loading conditions such as tension, compression, flexural, and impact loading. Failure mechanisms are also discussed with different failure modes and damage criterions. This review paper is limited to high‐strength fibers, such as carbon, Kevlar, and Glass fibers in unidirectional and woven formation. Various test specimens used in mechanical characterizations are presented with significant research summaries. Classification charts are also provided for a better understanding of the numerical simulation approach for characterizing the mechanical behavior.
Optimization using response surface methodology for producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil using fishbone catalyst
Authors: Maqsood K. , Alsaady M.
Published: October 2022

Fuel demand has increased due to motorization and industrial activities. Specially cultivated crops can be used to make biodiesel. However, certain forms of biodiesel create ethical concerns since they are derived from crops utilized as food sources. Biodiesel manufacturing technologies that are cost‐effective and environmentally friendly must be continually researched and improved if this biofuel is competitive with petroleum‐based fuels while resolving these ethical concerns. Substituting a less expensive oil like waste cooking oil (WCO) for vegetable oil for biodiesel can lower the entire production cost. Biodiesel from waste cooking oil has shown promising results. Generally, an optimal combination of temperature and reaction time is required to develop a biodiesel manufacturing method that is both long‐term and cost‐effective. One viable alternative is the methanolysis of used cooking oil utilizing fish bone waste as a catalyst. This research focuses on modeling and optimizing temperature and time‐dependent characteristics for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using fishbone as a catalyst. The results of the experiments with 6 % catalyst and with a temperature range of 55 °C to 65 °C and reaction duration between 5 minutes to 120 minutes were utilized to optimize the biodiesel manufacturing process using the response surface methodology (RSM).
Inferred Trophic Characteristics and Ecological Roles of Native and Nonnative Fishes in Odell Lake, Oregon
Authors: Meeuwig Michael H. , Bailey Elizabeth J. , Clements Shaun P. , Hodgson Brett L.
Published: October 2022

Introduction and establishment of nonnative fishes can negatively affect native species and ecosystems through a variety of ecological interactions. For example, competition between species that occupy a similar trophic guild can result in extirpation or reduced abundance of native fishes. We used a combination of standard sampling methods and stable isotope analysis to evaluate relative abundance and isotopic niche overlap among native and nonnative species in Odell Lake, Oregon. Our primary focus was on interactions between native Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus and nonnative Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush; however, we also evaluated relative abundance and isotopic niche characteristics of other native and nonnative species. Overall, the relative abundance of nonnative fishes was greater than that of native fishes. For example, Lake Trout outnumbered Bull Trout 27:1, and the numerically most dominant species in our sample was nonnative Tui Chub Siphateles bicolor. We also observed isotopic niche overlap among a variety of native and nonnative fishes. Bull Trout and Lake Trout are both top-level predators in Odell Lake and the probability that Bull Trout were within the isotopic niche of Lake Trout was 0.23. The probability that nonnative kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka and Tui Chub were within the isotopic niche of native Mountain Whitefish Prosopium williamsoni exceeded 0.95, and the probability that Tui Chub were within the isotopic niche of Rainbow Trout O. mykiss was 0.90. Based on data presented here and rangewide patterns for Bull Trout, we conclude that competition with Lake Trout is plausible and has the potential to influence the persistence of Bull Trout in Odell Lake. Further, we discuss ecological interactions potentially influencing the abundance of other native fishes in Odell Lake.
Synthesis and photoinitiated polymerization of new ionic liquid methacrylates
Authors: Strehmel Veronika , Kaestner Pia Isabel , Strehmel Bernd
Published: October 2022

Synthesis of new ionic liquid methacrylates and dimethacrylates is described comprising ammonium structures and various anions (bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NTf2), tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (FAP), triflate (TFl), and trifluoroacetate (TFAc)). The structure of the anion has a stronger effect on both melting behavior and photopolymerization kinetics compared to the cation pattern. Photo‐differential scanning calorimetry investigation shows significant differences in the polymerization rate and final conversion depending on both the polymerization technique (bulk or solution polymerization using an ionic liquid as solvent) and the ionic liquid monomer under consideration. The results show that NTf2 or FAP should be preferred as anion over TFl and TFAc in the crosslinking photoinitiated polymerization because NTf2 and FAP result in both faster polymerization and higher final conversion. Interestingly, the presence of an ionic liquid methacrylate comprising the same anion as the ionic liquid dimethacrylate during the photoinitiated polymerization of the ionic liquid dimethacrylates results in an increase in final conversion that may be caused by lower crosslink density of the network formed, and therefore, higher mobility during the crosslinking process.
Fons et origo: reflections on the 60th anniversary ofIndustrial Dynamics
Authors: Lane David C.
Published: October 2022

This paper records and reflects on the anniversary of the publication of Forrester'sIndustrial Dynamics. It considers the book from four perspectives. First, it samples the earlier publications that heralded and anticipated its publication. Second, it explores in depth some contemporary reviews, drawn from a range of disciplines. The paper then looks in detail at how the book was influenced by, and itself influenced, three neighbouring areas: MS/OR, system science and the social sciences, and ‘problem structuring methods’. Fourth, to further place the book in context, the paper considers in brief the varied life of Forrester himself, indicating how his experiences informedIndustrial Dynamics. The paper closes by recapitulating the importance ofIndustrial Dynamicsas the founding publication of the system dynamics field. © 2022 The Author.System Dynamics Reviewpublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Experimental methods for the analysis of the durability behavior of concrete joints
Authors: Höffgen Jan P. , Mohs Matthias , Lamparter Sarah , Malárics‐Pfaff Viktória , Dehn Frank
Published: October 2022

This article addresses the applicability of experimental methods for the evaluation of concrete durability on localized structural weaknesses posed by joints. Three different types of exposure are analyzed: chloride penetration, carbonation, and freeze–thaw attack. First, established experimental methods for the characterization of the durability of plain concrete are presented and their general applicability on concrete joints is discussed. The experimental program focuses on the execution of selected tests on laboratory specimens with and without joints. Indicator tests for both chloride penetration and carbonation are generally feasible, but require attention to specimen preparation. Rapid chloride migration yielded inconclusive results, while uniaxial chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete joints cannot be determined because of the areal extent of profile grinding. For the same reason, the characterization of the resistance to freeze–thaw cycles through surface deterioration is not applicable for concrete joints. The structural damage was instead successfully qualified through direct tension tests.
Phosphorus based hybrid materials for green fuel generation
Authors: Ghosh Srabanti , Bera Susmita , Samajdar Soumita , Pal Sourabh
Published: October 2022

Phosphorene, also referred to as phosphorus‐based elemental material (black and red), display unusual electronic‐structure characteristics, which can significantly enrich the fields of energy application and possesses huge potential in photocatalysis owing to its bandgap tunability, high optical absorption, large surface area, high charge carrier mobilities, and efficient solar to chemical energy conversion. However, due to chemical instability and the poor visible‐light utilization efficiency, individual phosphorus materials cannot promote charge transfer and separation. For designing active photocatalysts, phosphorus‐based hybrid materials with effective charge carriers separation at the heterojunction interface has played significant role. In this respect, considerable attempts have been made to fabricate black–red phosphorus heterostructure for photocatalytic applications and solar fuel generation, such as photocatalytic and electrocatalysis water splitting, CO2 reduction, carbohydrates synthesis, etc. This review article highlights the strategies for the synthesis of black–red phosphorus heterostructure materials for catalysis with a special focus on their potential for solar fuel generation applications. Recently developed black–red phosphorus heterostructure will be discussed, which can improve the most challenging drawback of phosphorus materials. Finally, the major challenges along with future trends of black–red phosphorus heterostructure in catalytic applications are outlined.

This article is categorized under:

Sustainable Energy > Solar Energy

Emerging Technologies > Materials

Emerging Technologies > Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Resummation effects in the bottom-quark fragmentation function
Authors: Maltoni Fabio , Ridolfi Giovanni , Ubiali Maria , Zaro Marco
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We compute the perturbative component of the fragmentation function of the b quark to the best of the present theoretical knowledge. The fixed-order calculation to order $$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

of the fragmentation function at the initial scale is matched with soft-emission logarithm resummation to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy, so that order-$$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

corrections are accounted for exactly, and logarithmically enhanced contributions from loops of b quarks are included. This requires the calculation of the Mellin transform of the order-$$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

result in the whole complex plane for the Mellin variable, which we provide for the first time for all the fragmenting partons. Evolution is performed to next-to-next-to-leading log accuracy, and mixing with the gluon fragmentation function is taken into account. The perturbative fragmentation functions are made available via LHAPDF grids.
Lepton-flavor violating axions at MEG II
Authors: Jho Yongsoo , Knapen Simon , Redigolo Diego
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We study the sensitivity of the existing MEG data to lepton flavor violating axion-like particles produced through μ+ → e+aγ and estimate the discovery potential for the upcoming MEG II experiment in this channel. The MEG II signal efficiency can be improved significantly if a new trigger can be implemented in a dedicated run with a reduced beam intensity. This search would establish the world leading measurement in this channel with only 1 month of data taking.
Global axisymmetric Euler flows with rotation
Authors: Guo Yan , Pausader Benoit , Widmayer Klaus
Published: October 2022

We construct a class of global, dynamical solutions to the 3d Euler equations near the stationary state given by uniform “rigid body” rotation. These solutions are axisymmetric, of Sobolev regularity, have non-vanishing swirl and scatter linearly, thanks to the dispersive effect induced by the rotation. To establish this, we introduce a framework that builds on the symmetries of the problem and precisely captures the anisotropic, dispersive mechanism due to rotation. This enables a fine analysis of the geometry of nonlinear interactions and allows us to propagate sharp decay bounds, which is crucial for the construction of global Euler flows.
Linear isoperimetric inequalities for free boundary submanifolds in a geodesic ball
Authors: Lee Eunjoo , Seo Keomkyo
Published: October 2022

We derive linear isoperimetric inequalities for free boundary submanifolds in a geodesic ball of a Riemannian manifold in terms of the modified volume. It is known that the twice of the area of a free boundary minimal surface in a Euclidean unit ball is equal to the length of its boundary. This can be extended to space forms by using our linear isoperimetric inequalities for the modified volume. Moreover, we obtain a sharp lower bound for the modified volume of free boundary minimal surfaces in a geodesic ball of the upper hemisphere $$\mathbb {S}_+^3$$

S
+
3

. Finally, it is proved that the monotonicity property still holds for the modified volume of any submanifold in a complete simply connected Riemannian manifold with sectional curvature bounded above by a constant.
Cross domain fusion in power electronics dominated distribution grids
Authors: Sante Pugliese , Landsiedel Olaf , Kuprat Johannes , Liserre Marco
Published: October 2022

In the near future, a drastic change in the structure of the electric grid is expected due to the increasing penetration of power electronics interfaced renewable energy sources (e.g. solar and wind), highly variable loads (e.g. electric vehicles and air conditioning) and unexpected energy demanding events (e.g. pandemics or natural disasters). Energy balancing management, voltage and frequency stability, reduced system inertia, grid resilience to fault conditions, and power quality of the supply are a few of the main challenges in the future power electronics dominated grids. Power electronics can solve these by integrating information and communication technology in new intelligent, highly reliable, and efficient devices like smart transformers. Smart transformers can increase the power flow flexibility by enabling the correct meshed-hybrid grid operations, as long as load mission and power generation profiles are known. Those profile are generally driven by heterogeneous, highly sparse and often incomplete data that belong to different domains. This article highlights the necessity of new approaches and models to identify patterns and events of interest that can serve as a common base. The resulting patterns can then be cross-fused in a common language and form the basis of further data analytics in future distribution grids.
Spinal cord from body donors is suitable for multicolor immunofluorescence
Authors: Reissig Lukas F. , Carrero-Rojas Genova , Maierhofer Udo , Moghaddam Atieh Seyedian , Hainfellner Andreas , Gesslbauer Bernhard , Haider Thomas , Streicher Johannes , Aszmann Oskar C. , Pastor Angel M. , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Blumer Roland
Published: October 2022

Immunohistochemistry is a powerful tool for studying neuronal tissue from humans at the molecular level. Obtaining fresh neuronal tissue from human organ donors is difficult and sometimes impossible. In anatomical body donations, neuronal tissue is dedicated to research purposes and because of its easier availability, it may be an alternative source for research. In this study, we harvested spinal cord from a single organ donor 2 h (h) postmortem and spinal cord from body donors 24, 48, and 72 h postmortem and tested how long after death, valid multi-color immunofluorescence or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immunohistochemistry is possible. We used general and specific neuronal markers and glial markers for immunolabeling experiments. Here we showed that it is possible to visualize molecularly different neuronal elements with high precision in the body donor spinal cord 24 h postmortem and the quality of the image data was comparable to those from the fresh organ donor spinal cord. High-contrast multicolor images of the 24-h spinal cords allowed accurate automated quantification of different neuronal elements in the same sample. Although there was antibody-specific signal reduction over postmortem intervals, the signal quality for most antibodies was acceptable at 48 h but no longer at 72 h postmortem. In conclusion, our study has defined a postmortem time window of more than 24 h during which valid immunohistochemical information can be obtained from the body donor spinal cord. Due to the easier availability, neuronal tissue from body donors is an alternative source for basic and clinical research.
Caudodorsal approach combined with in situ split for laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy
Authors: Yang Chongwei , Zhang Rixin , Zhu Ling , Zheng Xiaolin , Li Kai , Wang Pi-Xiao
Published: October 2022

Background

Laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy (LRPS) was technically challenging and lack of standardization. There were some approaches for LRPS, such as caudal approach and dorsal approach. During our practice, we initiated pure LRPS using the caudodorsal approach with in situ split and present several advantages of this method.

Methods

From April 2018 to December 2021, consecutive patients who underwent pure LRPS using the caudodorsal approach with in situ split at our institution entered into this retrospective study. The key point of the caudodorsal approach was that the right hepatic vein was exposed from peripheral branches toward the root and the parenchyma was transected from the dorsal side to ventral side. Specially, the right perihepatic ligaments were not divided to keep the right liver in situ before parenchymal dissection for each case.

Results

11 patients underwent pure LRPS using the caudodorsal approach with in situ split. There were 9 hepatocellular carcinoma, 1 sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma, and 1 hepatic hemangioma. Five patients had mild cirrhosis and 1 had moderate cirrhosis. All the procedures were successfully completed laparoscopically. The median operative time was 375 min (range of 290–505 min) and the median blood loss was 300 ml (range of 100–1000 ml). Five patients received perioperative blood transfusion, of which 1 patient received autologous blood transfusion and 2 patients received blood transfusion due to preoperative moderate anemia. No procedure was converted to open surgery. Two patients who suffered from postoperative complications, improved after conservative treatments. The median postoperative stay was 11 days (range of 7–25 days). No postoperative bleeding, hepatic failure, and mortality occurred.

Conclusion

The preliminary clinical effect of the caudodorsal approach with in situ split for LRPS was satisfactory. Our method was feasible and expected to provide ideas for the standardization of LRPS. Further researches are required due to some limitations of this study.
Inanspruchnahme der Notfallversorgung im Nordwesten Deutschlands
Authors: Seeger Insa , Thate Stefan , Ansmann Lena , Lubasch Johanna Sophie
Published: October 2022

Hintergrund

Mangelnde Kenntnisse über die Zuständigkeiten der Notfallversorgung führen zu einem höheren Bedarf an Ressourcen in der Notfallrettung. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob sich die Inanspruchnahme und das Verhalten in Notfällen nach soziodemografischen Faktoren unterscheiden lassen.

Methodik

Von Januar bis Juli 2021 wurde eine anonyme schriftliche Befragung von über 4000 Besuchern des Oldenburger Impfzentrums durchgeführt. Der Fragebogen umfasste allgemeine Fragen zur Inanspruchnahme der Notfallversorgung sowie Fragen zur Selbsteinschätzung des eigenen Verhaltens in Notfällen und die Frage nach der Rufnummer des ärztlichen Bereitschaftsdiensts. Alter, Geschlecht und höchster Schulabschluss wurden ebenfalls erfasst. Sonderimpftage für medizinisch-pflegerisches Personal ermöglichten eine gesonderte Betrachtung der Stichprobe.

Ergebnisse

Weibliche Befragte hatten häufiger Kontakt zum ärztlichen Bereitschaftsdienst (19,6 % bzw. 15,6 %), jüngere Befragte suchten häufiger die Notaufnahme aus Eigeninitiative auf (72,1 % bzw. 13,2 %). Bei Schlaganfallsymptomen würden sich 10 % der Befragten mit höherem Schulabschluss und 25 % der Befragten mit niedrigem Schulabschluss zuerst an den Hausarzt wenden. Die Rufnummer des ärztlichen Bereitschaftsdiensts konnten 54,7 % des medizinisch-pflegerischen Personals korrekt wiedergeben. Im Notfall konnten sich 76,4 % aller Befragten eine erste ärztliche Beratung per Telefon oder Video vorstellen.

Diskussion

Soziodemografische Faktoren wirken sich auf die Nutzung der Ressourcen der Notfallrettung aus. Aufklärungsaktionen, frühzeitige Wissensvermittlung, ein gemeinsames Notfallleitsystem sowie eine telemedizinische Beratung bei niedrigschwelligen Einsätzen könnten zu einer Entlastung des Gesundheitssystems beitragen.
Couple stresses and discrete potentials in the vertex model of cellular monolayers
Authors: Jensen Oliver E. , Revell Christopher K.
Published: October 2022

The vertex model is widely used to simulate the mechanical properties of confluent epithelia and other multicellular tissues. This inherently discrete framework allows a Cauchy stress to be attributed to each cell, and its symmetric component has been widely reported, at least for planar monolayers. Here, we consider the stress attributed to the neighbourhood of each tricellular junction, evaluating in particular its leading-order antisymmetric component and the associated couple stresses, which characterise the degree to which individual cells experience (and resist) in-plane bending deformations. We develop discrete potential theory for localised monolayers having disordered internal structure and use this to derive the analogues of Airy and Mindlin stress functions. These scalar potentials typically have broad-banded spectra, highlighting the contributions of small-scale defects and boundary layers to global stress patterns. An affine approximation attributes couple stresses to pressure differences between cells sharing a trijunction, but simulations indicate an additional role for non-affine deformations.
Identifying digital capabilities in university courses: An automated machine learning approach
Authors: Fan Zongwen , Chiong Raymond
Published: October 2022

Digital capabilities have become increasingly important in this digital age. Within a university setting, digital capability assessment is key to curriculum design and curriculum mapping, given that digital capabilities not only can help students engage and communicate with others but also succeed at work. To the best of our knowledge, however, no previous studies in the relevant literature have reported the assessment of digital capabilities in courses across a university. It is extremely challenging to do so manually, as thousands of courses offered by the university would have to be checked. In this study, we therefore use machine learning classifiers to automatically identify digital capabilities in courses based on real-world university course rubric data. Through text analysis of course rubrics produced by course academics, decision makers can identify the digital capabilities that are formally assessed in university courses. This, in turn, would enable them to design and map curriculums to develop the digital capabilities of staff and students. Comprehensive experimental results reveal that the machine learning models tested in this study can effectively identify digital capabilities. Among the prediction models included in our experiments, the performance of support vector machines was the best, achieving accuracy and F-measure scores of 0.8535 and 0.8338, respectively.
Cobots, “co-operation” and the replacement of human skill
Authors: Sorell Tom
Published: October 2022

Automation does not always replace human labour altogether: there is an intermediate stage of human co-existence with machines, including robots, in a production process. Cobots are robots designed to participate at close quarters with humans in such a process. I shall discuss the possible role of cobots in facilitating the eventual total elimination of human operators from production in which co-bots are initially involved. This issue is complicated by another: cobots are often introduced to workplaces with the message (from managers) that they will not replace human operators but will rather assist human operators and make their jobs more interesting and responsible. If, in the process of learning to assist human operators, robots acquire the skills of human operators, then the promise of avoiding replacement can turn out to be false, and if a human operator loses his job, he has been harmed twice over: once by unemployment and once by deception. I shall suggest that this moral risk attends some cobots more than others.
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ma Wei , Yang Yi-Bao , Xie Ting-Ting , Xu Yi , Liu Na , Mo Xue-Ni
Published: October 2022

Cerebral small vessel disease is a common neurological disease, and its incidence is increasing year by year worldwide. In recent years, research on cerebral small vessel disease has gained more and more attention. Our research aims to visualize publications to identify the hotspots and frontiers of cerebral small vessel disease research, and to provide reference and guidance for further research. Publications related to cerebral small vessel disease were searched from the Web of Science Core Collection and screened according to inclusion criteria. CiteSpace 5.8.R3 was used to evaluate and visualize results, including generating web maps and analyzing annual publications, countries, institutions, bibliographic and co-cited references, and keywords; in this article, we use CiteSpace and VOSviewer for the 2012 Cerebral small vessel disease and bibliometric analysis from January 1, 2022 to April 30, 2022. A total of 3037 papers related to cerebral small vessel disease were retrieved, and the number of published papers showed a steady upward trend. Among them, Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration, the most symbolic references in the field of cerebral small vessel disease have been cited a total of 438 times. Stroke is the most active journal (227 articles) and USA publishes up to 800 articles. Harvard Med SchUniv Edinburgh (133 papers) and Charidimou (85 papers) are the institutions and authors who have made the most contributions in this field, respectively. Among the keywords, most of them are related to the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease. After 2018, gut-brain axis and cortex are the keywords with the strongest number of cited outbreaks. There is increasing evidence that cerebral small vessel disease is a research frontier and may remain a research hotspot in the future.
The Symbolic Life of Courts: How Judicial Language, Actions, and Objects Legitimize Credibility Assessments of Asylum Appeals
Authors: Johannesson Livia
Published: October 2022

Asylum determinations are highly complex and difficult decisions. At the heart of this decision lies a credibility assessment of the asylum claimant’s narrative, which confronts the decision-maker with a seemingly straightforward question: do I believe this person’s story? To uphold legitimacy of this assessment, semi-legal criteria have been established internationally. However, these criteria have been criticized for relying on inaccurate and simplistic assumptions about human behavior, autobiographical memory, and communication. In light of this contestation, I ask how the legal-administrative practice of assessing credibility of asylum applications gains legitimacy in the eyes of the public, policy-makers, and legal professionals despite resting on highly disputable assumptions? To answer this question, I draw on interviews, observations, and written judgements from the Swedish administrative courts to explore how symbolic messages are tacitly conveyed through the use of judicial language, activities, and objects. The analysis suggests that cohesive, albeit tacit, messages about credibility assessments being accurate (rather than arbitrary), objective (rather than subjective), professional (rather than lay), and just (rather than unjust) are produced to both near and distant audiences. The study contributes to the literature on credibility assessments by offering a theoretical perspective that can unpack the relationship between symbolic communication in courts and perceived legitimacy for disputed practices within asylum determinations and migration control.
Face masks inhibit facial cues for approachability and trustworthiness: an eyetracking study
Authors: Bylianto Listryarinie Ongko , Chan Kai Qin
Published: October 2022

Wearing face masks during the Covid-19 pandemic has undeniable benefits from our health perspective. However, the interpersonal costs on social interactions may have been underappreciated. Because masks obscure critical facial regions signaling approach/avoidance intent and social trust, this implies that facial inference of approachability and trustworthiness may be severely discounted. Here, in our eyetracking experiment, we show that people judged masked faces as less approachable and trustworthy. Further analyses showed that the attention directed towards the eye region relative to the mouth region mediated the effect on approachability, but not on trustworthiness. This is because for masked faces, with the mouth region obscured, visual attention is then automatically diverted away from the mouth and towards the eye region, which is an undiagnostic cue for judging a target’s approachability. Together, these findings support that mask-wearing inhibits the critical facial cues needed for social judgements.