bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a Computerized Insulin Order Template in General Medical Inpatients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wexler Deborah J. , Shrader Peter , Burns Sean M. , Cagliero Enrico
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether an electronic order template for basal-bolus insulin ordering improves mean blood glucose in hospitalized general medical patients with hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We randomly assigned internal medicine resident teams on acute general medical floors to the use of an electronic insulin order template or usual insulin ordering. We measured diabetes care parameters for 1 month on all patients with type 2 diabetes and blood glucose <60 mg/dl or >180 mg/dl treated by these physicians.

RESULTS

Intervention group patients (n = 65) had mean glucose of 195 ± 66 mg/dl. Control group patients (n = 63) had mean glucose of 224 ± 57 mg/dl (P = 0.004). In the intervention group, there was no increase in hypoglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS

Access to a computer insulin order template was associated with improved mean glucose levels without increasing hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Diversity and Population of Avifauna of Two Urban Sites in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Sarkar Noor Jahan , Sultana Dilruba , Jaman M. Firoj , Rahman M. Khalilur
Published: July 2010

A comparative study on diversity and population status of avifauna in Uttara urban area of Dhaka city with their breeding records was done in 12-months period from August 2004 to July 2005. A total of 27 species of birds were recorded from two urban sites (Sectors 7 and 9). Species diversity was significantly more in Sector 7 than that recorded in Sector 9. Regarding the relative abundance, the highest number of species of birds (44%) was very common in Sector 7. In contrast, the number of rare species (33.33%) was significantly high in Sector 9. Corvus splendens, C. macrorynchus, Passer domesticus and Sturnus contra were most dominant species in both study sites. On the taxonomic view point of avifauna, 14 (51.85%) species were passerines and 13 (48.15%) were non passerines. Six species of breeding birds were recorded, and all of them constructed nests in Sector 7 and only 2 species constructed nests in Sector 9. These data suggest that Sector 7 is more suitable habitat than the other. Preferences for nesting sites were significantly higher on the indigenous trees in both study sites, meaning that vegetation is important factor affecting the abundance of urban avifauna. Key words: Avifauna, diversity, population ecology, urban area, conservation. DOI: 10.3126/eco.v16i0.3464ECOPRINT 16: 1-7, 2009
The hydroid research of American naturalist Samuel F. Clarke, 1851–1928
Authors: CALDER DALE R. , STEPHENS LESTER D.
Published: July 2010

Samuel Fessenden Clarke was the leading specialist on hydroids (phylum Cnidaria) in North America over the last quarter of the nineteenth century. During that period he published taxonomic papers on hydroids from both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the continent, from the Gulf of Mexico, and from the eastern Pacific off Central and South America. He also authored a section on hydrozoan biology for “The Riverside Natural History” series. Most of his papers on hydroids were published while he was in his twenties.

Clarke described as new 61 nominal species, three nominal genera, and one nominal family, as well as two “varieties” of hydroids. A list of these, and their current taxonomic status, appears in the present work. Clarke consistently provided sound descriptions and locality data for all supposed new species, and drew accurate illustrations of most of them. His research on Hydrozoa, beyond alphataxonomy, was directed towards faunal distributions and the use of hydroid assemblages as biogeographic indicators.

In addition to investigations on hydroids, Clarke carried out research on the developmental biology of amphibians and reptiles. His doctoral dissertation at Johns Hopkins University was based on the embryology of the “Spotted Salamander” (=Yellow-spotted Salamander), and he published a major paper on the habits and embryology of the American Alligator.

Most of Clarke's career was devoted to academic duties at Williams College, Massachusetts, where he was recognized as a dedicated and inspiring teacher. He served the American Society of Naturalists in various capacities, including a term as its president, was an influential trustee of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, and promoted the study of science in American schools.
Francis Hamilton and the freshwater stingrays described in his Gangetic fishes (1822)
Authors: ROBERTS TYSON R.
Published: July 2010

Direct evidence bearing on identification of the two new species of Gangetic stingrays named Raia fluviatilis and R. sancur by Hamilton, 1822 comprises 1) the first written account by Hamilton (then Buchanan) of his encounters with Gangetic stingrays in 1807–1813, written at the time in manuscript, but not published until 1877; 2) Hamilton's accounts of Raia fluviatilis and Raia sancur published in 1822; 3) Hamilton drawing IV 7 in the archives of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (never published, original now lost); and 4) Hamilton drawing IV 65 in the same archives (published by Hora, 1929, original now lost; this drawing is not a copy or a version of drawing IV 7). The description of R. sancur clearly is based on a species of the genus Pastinachus. Drawing IV 7 presumably is the unfinished drawing of R. sancur mentioned by Hamilton, 1822, and is therefore also of a Pastinachus. Drawing IV 65, not mentioned by Hamilton, a complete drawing with dorsal and ventral views of a newborn male Pastinachus with an intact sting, is identified as based on Raia fluviatilis. Pending revision of the genus Pastinachus, the Gangetic species is tentatively identified as P. sephen (Forsskål, 1775). Identification of Raia fluviatilis with a large freshwater species of Gangetic Himantura advocated by Annandale, 1910; Chaudhuri, 1912; Compagno and Cook, 1996; and Zorzi, 1996 is based on unwarranted assumptions. There is no definite evidence that Hamilton ever saw a Gangetic Himantura. Himantura chaophraya Monkolprasit and Roberts, 1990 is the only available name applicable to huge large tropical Asian freshwater stingrays of the dasyatid genus Himantura. No specimens of Gangetic Himantura exist in present museum collections.
An annotated bibliography of the Irish botanist William Henry Harvey (1811–1866)
Authors: NELSON E. CHARLES , PARNELL J.
Published: July 2010

The Irish botanist William Henry Harvey (1811–1866), who came of Quaker stock, published more than 130 books, papers and pamphlets during his lifetime. He also drew and lithographed at least one thousand illustrations, mainly of marine algae from North America, the British Isles and Australia, but also flowering plants of southern Africa and California, and mosses from the Indian subcontinent and southern Africa. This annotated bibliography also includes his non-botanical works.
Biphasic role of 4‐1BB in the regulation of mouse cytomegalovirus‐specific CD8+ T cells
Authors: Humphreys Ian R. , Lee Seung‐Woo , Jones Morgan , Loewendorf Andrea , Gostick Emma , Price David A. , Benedict Chris A. , Ware Carl F. , Croft Michael
Published: July 2010

The initial requirement for the emergence of CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells is poorly understood. Mice deficient in the cosignaling TNF superfamily member, 4‐1BB, surprisingly developed exaggerated early CD8+ T‐cell responses to mouse CMV (MCMV). CD8+ T cells directed against acute MCMV epitopes were enhanced, demonstrating that 4‐1BB naturally antagonizes these primary populations. Paradoxically, 4‐1BB‐deficient mice displayed reduced accumulation of memory CD8+ T cells that expand during chronic/latent infection. Importantly, the canonical TNF‐related ligand, 4‐1BBL, promoted the accumulation of these memory CD8+ T cells, whereas suppression of acute CD8+ T cells was independent of 4‐1BBL. These data highlight the dual nature of the 4‐1BB/4‐1BBL system in mediating both stimulatory and inhibitory cosignaling activities during the generation of anti‐MCMV immunity.
Enhancing Magnetic and Magnetotransport Properties by Topotactic Reduction of the Sr2Fe1.33Mo0.66O6 Double Perovskite
Authors: López Carlos Alberto , Viola María del Carmen , Pedregosa José Carmelo , Alonso José Antonio , Fernández‐Díaz María Teresa
Published: July 2010

Sr2Fe1.33Mo0.66O6 (alternately written as Sr3Fe2MoO9) perovskite has been prepared in polycrystalline form by thermal treatment, in air, of previously decomposed citrate precursors. This material has been studied by X‐ray and neutron powder diffraction (XRPD and NPD), magnetic and transport measurements. At room temperature, the crystal structure is cubic with a = 7.8585(2) Å and V = 485.30(2) Å3, defined in the space group Fm$\bar {3}$m. Magnetic measurements indicate a ferromagnetic ordering below TC = 246 K. As prepared, the sample is an electrical insulator. A topotactic reduction of the stoichiometric sample performed at 600, 700, and 800 °C, in H2/N2 flows, leads to the oxygen‐deficient double perovskites, Sr2Fe1.33Mo0.66O6–δ with increasing δ values. The evolution of the crystal structure upon reduction has been studied from XRPD and NPD data. For the sample obtained at 800 °C, exhibiting the largest δ value, the low‐temperature evolution from NPD data was investigated between 2 K and 500 K: in all the temperature range the crystal structure is cubic with space group Fm$\bar {3}$m; at room temperature a = 7.87060(6) Å and V = 487.555(6) Å3. The magnetic behavior of this reduced sample suggests the presence of ferromagnetic domains characterized by Curie temperatures with TC > 400 K. The conductivity dramatically increases upon H2 reduction. Moreover, this reduced sample exhibits magnetoresistance, as high as 2.5 % at room temp. for H = 5 T. Magnetic and magnetotransport results are consistent with a large component of itinerancy for down‐spin Mo t2g electrons, injected through hydrogen reduction.
Programmable purification of type-I polarization-entanglement
Authors: Cialdi Simone , Brivio Davide , Paris Matteo G. A.
Published: July 2010

We suggest and demonstrate a scheme to compensate spatial and spectral decoherence effects in the generation of polarization entangled states by type-I parametric downconversion. In our device, a programmable spatial light modulator imposes a polarization dependent phase-shift on different spatial sections of the overall downconversion output and this effect is exploited to realize an effective purification technique for polarization entanglement.
A comparison of outpatients with intellectual disability receiving specialised and general services in Ontario's psychiatric hospitals
Authors: Lunsky Y. , Gracey C. , Bradley E. , Koegl C. , Durbin J.
Published: July 2010

Background  This study compares outpatients with intellectual disability (ID) receiving specialised services to outpatients with ID receiving general services in Ontario's tertiary mental healthcare system in terms of demographics, symptom profile, strengths and resources, and clinical service needs.

Methods  A secondary analysis of Colorado Client Assessment Record data collected from all tertiary psychiatric hospitals in the province was completed for a stratified random sample of 246 outpatients identified as having ID, from both specialised and general programmes.

Results  Individuals with ID in specialised programmes differed from patients with ID in general programmes with regard to demographics, diagnostic profile, symptom presentation and recommended level of care.

Conclusions  Further research is required to determine why individuals access some services over others and to evaluate whether specialised services are more appropriate for certain subgroups with ID than others.
Risk of herpes zoster among patients with psychiatric diseases: a population‐based study
Authors: Yang Y‐W , Chen Y‐H , Lin H‐W
Published: July 2010

Background  Psychiatric disorders have been shown to be associated with impaired immune response, including decreased cellular immunity to varicella‐zoster virus. However, the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in psychiatric patients is, to date, unknown.

Objective  The aim of this study was to determine the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in psychiatric patients compared with the general population.

Methods  We used data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database from 2004 to 2006. Our study cohort consisted of patients aged 18 years and older diagnosed with psychiatric disorders in 2004 (N = 42 340). The comparison cohort (N = 169 360) consisted of four age‐ and gender‐matched controls randomly selected for every patient in the study cohort. All subjects were followed from the date of cohort entry until they developed HZ or the end of 2006, whichever was earliest. Stratified Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed to compute the 2‐year HZ‐free survival rates.

Results  After adjusting for potential confounders, we found patients with psychiatric disorders were more likely to have an episode of HZ than the control population [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–1.38]. When stratified by age and psychiatric diagnostic categories, in patients aged ≤60 years, the adjusted HRs for HZ were 1.34 (P = 0.026) for patients with affective psychoses, 1.42 (P < 0.001) for those with neurotic illness or personality disorders and 1.53 (P < 0.001) for patients with other mental disorders. However, in patients aged >60 years, only neurotic illness or personality disorders were significantly associated with an increased risk of HZ (adjusted HR, 1.26; P = 0.003).

Conclusions  Our analysis suggests that patients with psychiatric disorders are at increased risk of HZ, especially those aged ≤60 years. Further study is required to elucidate the nature of this association.
Effects of Oestrogen on Phosphatase Activity in the Ventral Prostate of Intact, Castrated, and Androgen‐treated Castrated, Adult Rats
Authors: Andersson Maud , Müntzing Jonas
Published: July 2010

Male rats were subjected to the following treatment: 1. Castration or treatment with the oestrogens polyoestradiol phosphate (PEP) (estradurin®), polydiethylstilboestrol phosphate (PSP), polyoestriol phosphate (SEP) (triodurin®), oestradiol‐17‐undecylate (EU) (progynon®‐depot), oestradiol‐3‐N‐[bis(2‐chloroethyl)]‐carbamate‐17‐dihydrogenphosphate (E) (estracyt®) or diethylstilboestrol diphosphate (H) (honvan®). PEP, PSP, SEP and EU were given as a single injection intramuscularly in a dose of 8 mg/kg, whereas E and H were given orally as water solutions (8 mg/kg) every second day. 2. Castration and treatment with the oestrogens. 3. Castration and treatment with testosterone‐3‐(p‐hexyloxyphenyl)‐proprionate (A) (andradurin®) (60 mg/kg intramuscularly in a single injection) and the oestrogens. – After 20 days the weight of the ventral prostate in group 1 was reduced to 85% by SEP, to 20% by E and to 10% by castration and the administration of other oestrogens. In group 2 the prostatic weight was reduced to 10%. In 3, A alone or combined with PEP, SEP, EU or E restored the prostatic weight. PSP reduced the prostatic weight to 75% and H to 65%. The alkaline phosphatase activity in group 1 was reduced to 55% by castration and increased to 135% by EU; in group 2 PEP, PSP, EU and E restored the activity; in group 3, A given alone restored the activity and A + PEP, PSP, EU or H increased the activity to 175–350%. The acid phosphatase activity in group 1 was reduced to 45% by castration, to 55% by H and to 70% by PSP. In group 2 PEP, PSP and E partly reversed the decrease brought about by castration; in 3, A given alone restored the activity, which was increased to 115–155% after A + PEP, PSP, H or E. Secretion from the ventral prostate of intact rats or castrated rats treated with A or A + PEP was squeezed out. The alkaline and acid phosphatase activities after A + PEP were approximately doubled. The findings indicate that oestrogen can affect the rat ventral prostate in ways other than by reducing the secretion of testicular androgens.
SPREADING ACTIVATION OVER ONTOLOGY-BASED RESOURCES: FROM PERSONAL CONTEXT TO WEB SCALE REASONING
Authors: DIX ALAN , KATIFORI AKRIVI , LEPOURAS GIORGOS , VASSILAKIS COSTAS , SHABIR NADEEM
Published: July 2010

This paper describes methods to allow spreading activation to be used on web-scale information resources. Existing work has shown that spreading activation can be used to model context over small personal ontologies, which can be used to assist in various user activities, for example, in auto-completing web forms. This previous work is extended and methods are developed by which large external repositories, including corporate information and the web, can be linked to the user's personal ontology and thus allow automated assistance that is able to draw on the entire web of data. The basic idea is to augment the personal ontology with cached data from external repositories, where the choice of data to fetch or discard is related to the level of activation of entities already in the personal ontology or cached data. This relies on the assumption that the working set of highly active entities is relatively small; empirical results are presented, which suggest these assumptions are likely to hold. Implications of the techniques are discussed for user interaction and for the social web. In addition, warm world reasoning is proposed, applying rule-based reasoning over activated entities, potentially merging symbolic and sub-symbolic reasoning over web-scale knowledge bases.
The Relationships of Varieties and Fertilization to Observed Symptoms of Root Rots and Wilt of Alfalfa1
Authors: Stivers R. K. , Jackson W. A. , Ohlrogge A. J. , Davis R. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

At 3 rates of N, P, and K, in north central Indiana, the stand of 3rd year Buffalo alfalfa was poorer than Ranger and Grimm at the lowest rate, with less difference at the higher rates. More Buffalo plants had rot from the crown into the root, and at greater severity, than the other 2. For all varieties, percentage of plants with rot into the roots was highest at the lowest fertilization rate; percentage infected plants with crown rot alone was highest at the highest fertilization rate. Stands and yields of Grimm were poorer than the other 2 in the 4th and 5th year at all rates. Bacterial wilt was more severe (non‐significantly) at the lowest rate of fertilization.
Varietal Response to Natural Crossing in Cotton1
Authors: Simpson D. M. , Duncan E. N.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Differences in varietal response to natural crossing ranged from 29% to 60% at Knoxville, Tenn., in 1951. Subsequent retesting demonstrated that they were controlled by heritable factors, suggesting their utilization in practical hybrid cotton production.
Inheritance of Covered Smut Resistance in Two Barley Crosses1
Authors: Shands R. G.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The inheritance of resistance to race 6 of Ustilago hordei was conditioned by one major factor pair in barley crosses, Chevron ✕ Brachytic and Colsess ✕ Brachytic. Resistance was dominant in the F1 generation of the Chevron ✕ Brachytic cross and segregation of the F2 based on F3 progeny tests satisfactorily fitted 1:2:1 ratios in both crosses. Smut reaction was independent of 5 plant characters. Inoculated seed of resistant parents and hybrid progenies produced more plants that reached a classifiable stage for smut reaction than susceptible parents and progenies.
Photoelectric Seed Counter1
Authors: Pfeifer Robert P. , Bergman Robert J. , Sparks John E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A seed counter is described which provides swift and accurate counting of seeds or other small objects. Its accuracy depends on the ability of the feeder to separate and drop seeds one at a time.
The Cytogenetic Behavior of the Progeny from a Backcross (Sorghum vulgare. ✕ S. halepense. ✕ S. vulgare1)
Authors: Hadley Henry H. , Mahan J. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Most of 70 backcross progeny plants from pollinating a 30‐chromosome hybrid by Sweet Sudangrass had 20 chromosomes. Fertility was low and varied greatly among plants. At the 20‐chromosome level, selection seemed promising except for rhizomatous pure lines. Data suggest extraction of pure lines and their combination in synthetics or first generation hybrids.
Availability of Phosphate Carriers to Small Grains and Subsequent Clover in Relation To: I. Nature of Soil and Method of Placement1
Authors: Olson R. A. , Dreier A. F. , Lowrey G. W. , Flowerday A. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Comparative effectiveness of phosphate carriers as shown in yield and uptake with small grains was found to be as follows: ammonium phosphate ⋜ concentrated superphosphate ⋜ ordinary and ammoniated superphosphate, metaphosphate and high water solubility nitric phosphate > Rhenanian, low water solubility nitric and fused tricalcium phosphates > rock phosphate. Fertilizer nitrogen and effective placement were prime factors in promoting efficient utilization of phosphorus carriers. Phosphate availability to clover following oats was similar irrespective of carrier and placement method.
Time and Depth Patterns of Water Use by Corn1
Authors: Russell M. B. , Danielson R. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Corn utilized water to a depth of 5 feet or more in a deep Brunizem soil. In each of three widely different moisture regimes, total water disappearance was proportional to corn yield. Rainfall and irrigation affected the soil moisture profile to a depth of only 2 feet on both corn and fallow plots.
Factors Influencing Seed Set of Oat Crosses1
Authors: Brown Charles M. , Shands H. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Worker's experience and low field temperatures were two important factors favoring seed set in oat crosses at Madison, Wis. High temperatures at 3 to 4‐day intervals between emasculation and pollination decreased seed set. Optimum time interval was 1 to 3 days. More of the top florets set seed after short intervals, and more of the lower after long intervals. Opening and closing florets to remove 1 anther caused 30 to 50% reduction on hot days, but only 5 to 10% on cool days. Greater germination was observed by natural than by hand pollination.
Development of a Standard Artificial Freezing Technique for Evaluating Cold Resistance of Oats1
Authors: Amirshahi M. C. , Patterson Fred L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A greenhouse and cold room technique is described which rates cold resistance of oat varieties in the same relative order as that in uniform hardiness experiments in the field. Of various factors influencing survival of seedlings, soil moisture content, temperature, length of cold treatment, and age of seedling had the greatest effect. Hardening treatment, thawing treatment and level of nutrition had small effects.
The Effect of Time and Height of Cutting on the Yield, Crude Protein Content and Vegetative Composition of a Native Flood Meadow in Eastern Oregon1
Authors: Cooper Clee S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Four years of differential cutting treatments had no effect upon fifth year yield. Yield declines were associated with loss in soil fertility. No significant changes in vegetative composition. Crude protein content decreased with maturity and increased with cutting height.
Seasonal Variation in the Boron Content of Alfalfa1
Authors: Stewart F. B. , Axley J. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Boron of alfalfa in Maryland was lowest in July and August when deficiency symptoms occurred most frequently. Variations may due in part to amount and vertical distribution of boron in the soil and to soil moisture supply and stage and rate of growth. Boron content in plants in a single season may vary as much as 300% within a single treatment.
Factors Affecting Results of Grazing Trials With Yearling Steers1
Authors: Lynd J. Q. , Graybill F. , Totusek R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

· Evaluation of factors affecting steer performance used in pasture experiments are presented for three uniform herds. C.V.s increased through the wintering period and decreased through the following grazing periods. There was no relation between initial weight and total gain. No significant correlation was indicated between winter gain and corresponding pasture gains. Keratitis, wart virus and internal parasite egg count of fecal samples were not related to gains of treated steers.
Breeding Sugar Beets for Resistance to Nematodes1
Authors: Finkner R. E. , Swink J. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

With sugar yield as a measure of resistance, preliminary data indicate that a moderate level of resistance to nematode exists in currently grown varieties of Beta Vulgaries. Selection for resistance to nematode did not decrease root yields.
Differential Post‐Ripening Effects Among Seeds from the Same Parental Wheat Spike1
Authors: Hardesty Boyd , Elliott Fred C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Appreciable differences in primary root length after 96 hours germination of seed from the selection Rio × Rex #41 tended to disappear during storage, and were essentially nil after 6 months of storage. They were found to be related to the sequence of anthesis and maturation in florets of the parental spike.
Inheritance of the Mode of Reaction to Stem Rust, Particularly Race 15B, and Leaf Rust in Two Crosses of Vulgare Wheats1
Authors: Jones Guy L. , Ausemus E. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Inheritance of seedling reaction to stem rust race 15B was studied in the F, and F, generations of two crosses, Frontana × Mida‐Kenya 117A and Kenya 58‐Newthatch × Frontana, in the greenhouse at high temperatures (85° F.). Seedling reaction of the same F4 bulked lines to stem rust races 11, 17, 36, 38, and 56 and leaf rust races 5 and 15 were also studied. Stem and leaf rust reaction in the field to a collection of races was studied in the F3 generation.

Seedling resistance to stem rust race 15B was conditioned by three independent genes in both the crosses. Seedling reaction to each of the other races of stem and leaf rust appeared to be simply inherited.
Inheritance of Pollen Restoration and Transmission of Cytoplasmic Sterility in Popcorn1
Authors: Thomas W. I. , Johnson I. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Pollen restoration in each of the inbred lines K55 and Tx 1.27C appears to be conditioned by one gene. The genes in these two lines were found to be allelic. Use of cytoplasmic male sterility as a background to identify plants heterozygous for pollen restoration in a backcrossing program was satisfactory for two generations.
The Seedling Emergence of Grasses as Affected by Low Temperature1
Authors: Laude Horton M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Cold tolerance of the grass seedling decreases with advancing stage of the pre‐emergence period. Reduced tolerance is evidenced both by reduction and delay in emergence. Pre‐emergence cold tolerance may be masked by seedling susceptibility to soil‐borne pathogens if these are not adequately controlled.
Loss of Minerals from Mature Wheat and Flax by Simulated Rain1
Authors: Kingsley A. F. , Clagett C. O. , Klosterman Harold J. , Stoa T. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Simulated rain removed relatively small amounts of minerals from ripe wheat and flax plants which had been grown under field conditions. On the other hand considerably greater amounts of minerals were leached, under the same conditions, from ripe wheat plants grown in the greenhouse.

Pot watered, greenhouse plants showed more leachable mineral elements at the ripe stage, than foliage wetted plants, suggesting that leaching is a continuous process.
An Evaluation of Smooth‐awned and Hooded Atlas Barley1
Authors: Suneson Coit A. , Stevens Harland
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The smooth‐awn character transferred to Atlas showed no advantage in yield at 11 Western U. S. stations during 1953–55, but expressed a beneficial effect from late autumn sowing in 5 of 12 seasons of cumulative testing. Hooded Atlas had lower yields and kernel weights at Davis but yielded as well as Atlas at high altitudes.
Cytogenetics of Interspecific Hybrids in the Bromopsis Section of Bromus. II. Triploid Hybrids and their Amphiploid Derivatives1
Authors: Barnett F. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Hybrids between diploid and tetraploid Bromopsis species of Bromus were generally more vigorous than their parents. In most morphological aspects, however, they were intermediate. At MI they exhibited mean frequencies of 6.66 to 9.63 univalents and 4.78 to 5.48 bivalents per cell. Trivalents were moderately common at MI, and high frequencies of irregularity occurred in AI and quartet stages. All triploid hybrids were highly sterile. Artificial amphiploids obtained through chromosome doubling from the triploid hybrids showed bivalent frequencies of 18.93 to 20.10 per MI cell. Univalents, trivalents, and quadrivalents were moderately common in these forms. The amphiploids varied considerably in fertility.
The Accuracy of Gossypol Determinations From Open Pollinated vs. Inbred Cotton Seed1
Authors: O'Kelly J. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Data are presented which show at least partial dominance for high gossypol content in hybrids, higher gossypol in open pollinated than in inbred seed of the same line, and higher gossypol in seed grown with irrigation than without. It is concluded that gossypol determinations, to be reasonably precise, should be made on inbred seed, but that open pollinated seed may be used where the differences are fairly wide.
Inheritance of Head Characters in Tetraploid Wheat Hybrids: I. Glume Tenacity And Head Type in Mindum Durum × Vernal Emmer1
Authors: Smith Glenn S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In the cross Mindum durum ✕ Vernal emmer, the tough‐threshing character of the emmer parent was inherited in a complex manner. F3 progenies relatively homozygous for intermediate degrees of threshability were recovered.

A two‐factor hypothesis appeared to explain the appearance of clavate heads in this cross between two non‐clavate parents, but was not established conclusively. C1appeared to cause clavate in the absence of I, an inhibitor. The I gene, or a closely linked gene was one of the major factors for tough threshing.
The Effect of High Temperature Contact Treatment on Hard Seeds of Alfalfa1
Authors: Lunden A. O. , Kinch R. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Contact heat treatments sustained by allowing alfalfa seed to slide down a heated inclined plane were effective in increasing germination and decreasing hard seed content.

The treatments were more effective for samples high in hard seeds, although the relative effect was similar over all samples.
The Inheritance of Head Characters in Tetraploid Wheat Hybrids: II. Rachis Bristles, Awns, Glume Tenacity, Clavate Head, and Seed Color1
Authors: Lebsock K. L. , Smith Glenn S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Analysis of data from F2 and F3 populations of a Mindum durum × Vernal emmer cross indicated transgressive segregation for glume tenacity. Environment effects on this trait appeared to be unimportant. The parents differed by single factor pairs in the expression of awns, rachis bristles and kernel color. Three or four genes appeared to control clavateness of the head. The genes for awns and rachis bristles were linked with a recombination value of 32.3%. Average glume tenacity of nonclavate heads was significantly higher than that of clavate heads. Heads with red seeds had tougher glumes than those with amber seeds.
The Influence of Fertilizers on the Production and Quality of Peppermint in Central Washington1
Authors: Baird Jack V.
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

Oil quality and yield of peppermint were related to the plant nutrient status. Nitrogen, P, K, and S produced in that order decreasing influences on oil and hay yield. Menthol content of oil, especially in 1953, was decreased in those plants with increased nitrogen content, whereas menthofuran was increased. Leaf N was slightly more effective than leaf P in predicting menthol content and three times as effective in predicting menthofuran content. Menthol and menthofuran accounted for 76% of the variation in optical rotation of the oils in 1953. Menthol was more important in determining optical rotation in 1953.
The Relationship of a Dwarf‐Internode Gene to Several Important Agronomic Characters in Castorbeans1
Authors: Zimmerman L. H.
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

A dwarf‐internode gene was found to be inherited independently of node of first raceme, total number of nodes, dehiscence of the capsules, and the genes for monoecious or pistillate racemes.
Effect of Soil Type Differences on Crop Yields on Clarion‐Webster Soil in Iowa1
Authors: Shrader W. D. , Riecken F. F. , Englehorn A. J.
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

Several different methods of evaluating the relative effects of soil type differences on crop yields obtained in a long time rotation‐fertility experiment at the Agronomy Farm, Ames, Iowa, are presented. All methods of analysis used indicate that yield differences are associated with soil type differences. The relative productivity of the different soils was found to be dependent upon the crop and management system under consideration.
Effect of Seven Annual Legumes on the Yield of Corn and Oats on Norge Loam1
Authors: Harper Horace J. , Gray Fenton
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

Oat yields were increased more than corn yields when residue from legumes grown in a 3‐year rotation with these crops was returned to a reddish prairie soil in central Oklahoma. However, the average production of corn over a 24‐year period was higher than the average production of oats. Although seasonal rainfall in this area is more favorable for oats than for corn, soil temperature is more favorable for rapid decomposition of organic matter when corn is growing rapidly than when oats is making its most rapid growth. Consequently, a higher soil fertility level is needed for the maximum production of oats than for corn under the climatic environment that prevails in this sub‐humid region.
Yield and Chemical Composition of Ladino Clover as Affected by Fertilizer Treatments1
Authors: Wakefield R. C. , Schallock D. A. , Salomon M. , Olney C. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

On a Bridgehampton fine sandy loam satisfactory stands of Ladino clover were maintained with a minimum application of 60 pounds P2O5 and 120 pounds K2O per acre per year over a 4‐year period. Large initial applications of phosphate were not as effective as similar amounts divided over 2 or 4 years. No accumulation of extractable phosphorus was found in the soil at any level of phosphate application. Removal of potassium by the crop approximately equalled the 120‐pound K2O application. Excessive plant uptake and soil accumulation of potassium resulted at 240 pounds K2O per acre.
Border Effects in Winter Wheat and Spring Oat Tests1
Authors: Brown C. M. , Weibel R. O.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A 2‐foot border between plots resulted in a highly significant border effect in 3 winter wheat and 1 spring oat test. A significant border × variety interaction was obtained in 2 of the 4 tests. Weight per bushel was lower in all spring oat border rows than in center rows. Winter wheat border rows produced grain of approximately the same weight per bushel as center rows.
Nitrogen Changes Attending Various Crop Rotations on Clarion‐Webster Soils in Iowa1
Authors: Bartholomew W. V. , Shrader W. D. , Englehorn A. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Nitrogen declines with cultivation of Clarion‐Webster soil were largest under a cropping system of continuous corn followed in the order of decreasing decline by the 2‐year rotation of corn and oats, the 5‐year rotation with 2 years of meadow and the 3‐year rotation with 1 year of meadow. Plots with high initial nitrogen lost more nitrogen and a larger percentage of total nitrogen than plots with low initial nitrogen.
Cytoplasmic Influence in the Production of the Pistillate Sex Expression in Castorbeans1
Authors: Parkey Wade
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The pistillate sex expression of the castorbean selection, herein described as line 1–4, is governed by the interaction of a pistillate cytoplasm in the presence of at least one dominant genetic factor, The pistillate line is maintained by backcrossing to the homozygous dominant male parent. Utilization of this phenomena will enable a more economical commercial production of hybrid castorbean seed as roguing in hybrid increase fields is not required.
Comparison of Rock Phosphate to Superphosphate for Oats and Alfalfa on Three Podzolized Soils of Eastern Canada1
Authors: Finn B. J. , Cook R. L. , Harrison C. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Superphosphate increased oat yields more than did rock phosphate, even when applied on a citrate soluble basis. Rock phosphate resulted in higher yields of alfalfa hay and roots than did superphosphate in all but two cases. Lime did not greatly reduce the effectiveness of rock phosphate, except on one soil where the pH was raised to 8.0.
Fluorometric Assay of Free and Bound Coumarin in Sweetclover1
Authors: Haskins F. A. , Gorz H. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Free and bound coumarin are extracted by autoclaving leaf tissue in water. Free coumarin is determined directly from an aliquot of the water extract diluted in alkali. Additional autoclaving of the extract in concentrated alkali is required for release of the coumarin from the bound form, permitting an assay for total coumarin. Bound coumarin values are then obtained by difference. Results of the assay as applied to four different phenotypes of sweetclover are given.
Development of the Hard Red Winter Wheat Kernel in Relation to Yield, Test Weight, Kernel Weight, Moisture Content and Milling and Baking Quality1
Authors: Scott Gene E. , Heyne E. G. , Finney K. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Maximum yield, test weight, and kernel weight of hard red winter wheat occurred when the moisture content of the grain was about 40%. Immature seed germinated rapidly but mature seed gave better seedling vigor and storage life. The maximum protein quality was reached at about the same time as maximum yield and test weight.
Plant‐Nutrient Losses in Lysimeter Percolates1
Authors: Dreibelbis F. R. , McGuinness J. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Plant nutrient losses in the percolates from monolith lysimeters over the period 1940–1955 were analyzed for variables of soil type, farming practice and amounts of percolate. Under permanent grass the depth of rooting was associated with percolation amounts while farming practice governed the amount of nutrient losses. Under rotation crops the tighter Keene soils showed greater nutrient losses than the more permeable Muskingum soils. Nutrient losses under different farming practice showed a mixed response.
Tillering Studies in Oats III. Effect of Rate of Planting and Test Weight1
Authors: Wiggans S. C. , Frey K. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The number of head‐bearing culms per oat plant decreased as planting rate was increased. Low test weight seed produced a significantly higher number of headbearing culms per plant than high test weight seed in 4 of the 6 varieties grown in 1955. No similar relationship existed in 1954.
Inheritance of Awn Barbing in Two Barley Crosses1
Authors: Atkins R. E. , Frey K. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The inheritance of awn barbing was studied using F2 and F3 populations of two barley crosses. A single dominant factor governed the expression of semi‐smooth awns in one cross, while two dominant linked genes determined the segregation of rough and smooth awn types in the second cross. A recombination value of 26% was calculated for the linked genes operative in the second cross.
Soil Fertility Effects of Intensive Greenhouse Cropping With Peanuts1
Authors: Reid P. H. , York E. T.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Fertilization of peanuts with inorganic phosphorus plus potassium in amounts equal to that removed by the previous crop was more effective in maintaining peanut yield than was fertilization with the plant material. Phosphorus fertilization alone was of little value in maintaining production. After two crops, the soil potassium was reduced to a low level and a uniform rate of potassium supply was reached.
Changes in Composition of the Timothy Plant at the Bloom Stage1
Authors: Huq Fazlul , DeLong W. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Chemical analysis of plant parts at four growth stages provided evidence of upward translocation of magnesium coincident with accumulation of a phosphorus fraction in the upper part of the timothy plant. Fertilization with nitrogen 41 days prior to the first sampling influenced the carbohydrate content and the uptake and distribution of phosphorus.
Effect of 2,4‐D on the Growth and Yield of Oats Grown Under Three Levels of Fertility1
Authors: Aldrich Richard J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Plants in the minimum fertility level were relatively unaffected by 2,4‐D in any stage. At the medium fertility level yields were reduced most by treatment during the seedling stage but were also reduced significantly by treatment during anthesis. Mean yields at the high fertility level were reduced significantly only by treatment during anthesis.
Yield, Potassium Content and Root Distribution of Alfalfa and Bromegrass Grown Under Three Levels of Applied Potash in the Greenhouse1
Authors: Lawton K. , Tesar Milo B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In greenhouse trials, significant increases in yield and K absorption of alfalfa and bromegrass were obtained as applied K increased. Yield response to fertilizer K was less marked with soil containing more available soil K. Total production of bromegrass was half that of alfalfa, but the quantities of K removed were about equal. The change in several extractable fractions of soil K was directly related to the root distribution pattern of the forage.
Microtechnics Applied to Wheat Quality Evaluation1
Authors: Shellenberger J. A. , Shogren M. , Laude H. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Application of microtechnics to wheat quality evaluation provides a means for obtaining the following information on as little as 100 g. of sample: moisture, protein, ash, 1,000 kernel weight, flour yield, dough development characteristics, absorption, and loaf volume. Microtechnics can have wide application for wheat breeders by providing quality information on early generations of hybrid populations.
Effect of Rotation With Green Manuring and Irrigation on Physical Characteristics of Hesperia Sandy Loam1
Authors: Flocker W. J. , Vomocil J. A. , Vittum M. T. , Doneen L. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Some physical characteristics of Hesperia sandy loam were studied after 8 years of 9 different rotation treatments. Data from 4 rotations of cultivated row crops only were compared with data from 4 rotations of Cultivated row crops plus cover crops. Rotations which included cover craps did not significantly increase organic matter content of this soil nor the infiltration rate, did not change bulk density, but did slightly increase degree of cloddiness.
Forage Production of Rye, Oats, and Ryegrass as Influenced by Fertilization and Management1
Authors: Burton Glenn W. , Prine Gordon M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Over a 3‐year period, Abruzzi rye produced more for‐age than Southland oats at applied nitrogen rates of 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 pounds per acre. Domestic ryegrass made little growth at low nitrogen rates, but outyielded oats at the 400‐pound rate. All three species responded to phosphorus and potassium. Forage yields were increased by cutting at bimonthly, rather than monthly, intervals. Application of nitrogen increased the protein content of all species.
Rain and Sunshine Effects on the Wheat Meal Fermentation Time Test1
Authors: Pool Mart , Patterson Fred L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Rain and sunshine had large opposite effects on the fermentation of wheat meal of 3 varieties of soft red winter wheat during a delayed harvest period of 46 days. The hypothesis is offered that these effects are the result of an activation by rain and the inactivation by sunshine of glutathione or other sulfhydryl compounds.
An Evaluation of Granite Meal as a Source of Potassium for Coastal Bermudagrass1
Authors: Jackson James E. , Burton Glenn W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Finely crushed granite meal was an inferior source of potassium for Coastal Bermudagrass on a potash‐deficient Kershaw sand. One unit of K2O in muriate of potash supplied as much available potassium as 8 units of K2O in granite meal.
Soil Thermometer Giving the Average Temperature of Several Locations in a Single Reading1
Authors: Tanner C. B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

An in situ residence thermometer is described that gives the mean soil temperature of several locations at either one depth or over a depth range in a single temperature reading. The soil temperature may be recorded with a strip‐chart potentiometer.
Heritabilities in Sand Bluestem (Andropogon hallii Hack.) as Estimated from Parental Clones and Their Open‐Pollination Progenies1
Authors: Kneebone William R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Fair agreement was obtained for heritability estimates derived in three ways: variance components from clonal data, variance components from open‐pollination progeny data, and parent progeny regressions. Characters studied were plant height, plant diameter, leafiness, and protein percentage in the leaves. Considerable genetic potential was indicated for all characters, with height most heritable and protein percentage least.
Inheritance of Seed Color and Resistance to Races of Stem and Crown Rust in Avena strigosa1
Authors: Murphy H. C. , Zillinsky F. J. , Simons M. D. , Grindeland Roger
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Grey‐striped seed color of the CD 3820 parent was dominant to the white color of the CI 4748 parent and conditioned by a single factor. Resistance to 4 races of stem rust and 2 races of crown rust was apparently conditioned by the same gene or genes. Both parents and the F3 population were resistant to race 276 of crown rust.
Relative Importance of Test Sequence for General and Specific Combining Ability in Corn Breeding1
Authors: Lonnquist J. H. , Rumbaugh M. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Lines selected for specific combining ability were found to represent a random sample with respect to general combining ability when compared with an unselected group of lines from the same original source using a broad gene base tester. The data support the common practice of testing new lines first for general combining ability, followed by tests for specific combining ability. Population improvement was greater when selection was based on a broad gene base tester.
“Solution 32” as a Source of Nitrogen for Direct Application1
Authors: Cummings R. W. , Krantz B. A. , Mehlich A. , Nelson W. L. , Rankin W. H. , Weaver D. S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In manufacture, nitrogen fertilizer materials are first produced in liquid form. If these could be applied directly to the soil some of the costs involved in drying, pelleting, coating, and handling could be reduced or omitted.
Residual Effect of Irrigation on Soil Physical Properties and on Runoff1
Authors: Brill G. D. , Blake G. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Seven years of irrigation of sweet corn grown continuously and in rotation resulted in increased bulk density and lowered aggregate stability of soil and in increased runoff of rainfall. These effects persisted over winter after cessation of water application and were measureable prior to the first irrigation the following season even though as much as 36 inches of rainfall intervened.
Uronide Production in Soils as Affected by Crop Residues and Casein1
Authors: Hearns E. E. , Lynch D. L. , Cotnoir L. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The peak of uronide production generally occurred after 6 weeks and diminished greatly after 11 weeks. After 48 weeks all soils had uronide contents below their original values.
Effect of Light Treatment on the Relative Uptake of Labeled Carbon Dioxide by Legume Seedlings1
Authors: Rhykerd C. L. , Langston Ruble , Peterson J. B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Alfalfa and red clover fixed significantly greater quantities of CO2 under all light treatments than birdsfoot trefoil. Plants which had been grown under an illumination period with a constant light intensity took up a greater amount of CO2 than plants which had been grown under an illumination period of the same length and light quantity but at several different intensities.