bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSII-31 Effects of restricted dietary intake on protein expression of oviductal glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1) in the oviductal ampulla of beef cows
Authors: Reynolds Lawrence P , McCarthy Kacie L , Crouse Matthew S , Kassetas Cierrah J , Baumgaertner Friederike , Dorsam Sheri T , Kirsch James D , Neville Tammi L , Coy Pilar , Caton Joel , Borowicz Pawel P , Dahlen Carl R
Published: November 2020

In vitro production of embryos (IVP) results in poor pregnancy rates, with 10 to 40% of embryos transferred surviving to term. Inclusion of oviductal fluid (OF) in the culture media improves success of IVP and pregnancy rates, but factors influencing OF composition are not well investigated. Therefore, we examined the effects of restricted maternal dietary intake on expression of oviductal glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1; or oviductin), a highly conserved glycoprotein involved in fertilization and early embryo cleavage. Multiparous nonpregnant beef cows were randomly assigned to one of 2 intake groups (n = 9 per group) designed to maintain [control (CON)] or lose [0.7 kg/d, negative (NEG)] body weight (BW) for 9 wk; for each cow, initial and final body condition score (BCS; 1–9 scale) and body weight (BW) were determined. Cows were estrus synchronized (Co-Synch + CIDR protocol) and slaughtered 3 d after synchronized ovulation. At slaughter, cross sections of the oviductal ampulla adjacent to the ovary containing the corpus luteum were fixed in neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained using a primary antibody against OVGP1 and fluorescently-labeled secondary antibody. Intensity of immunofluorescent staining for OVGP1 was quantified by image analysis, and differences between intake groups analyzed by t-test. Change (final – initial) in BCS and BW were greater for the NEG compared with CON cows (BCS: -1.06 vs. -0. 50, P< 0.03; and BW: -40.8 vs. -3.6 kg, P < 0.0001). The OVGP1 glycoprotein was expressed in the luminal epithelium of the ampulla, and site of expression did not differ between NEG and CON intake groups. Intensity of staining also did not differ (P >0.30) between NEG and CON intake groups (7.110 vs. 7.153 arbitrary intensity units; SEM = 0.059). Thus, restriction of maternal nutrient intake for 9 weeks did not influence protein expression of OVGP1, a major oviductal glycoprotein.
PSII-23 Aflatoxin B1 influences expression of TRPM8 in SKOV, ovarian epithelial cancer cells
Authors: Boss Kristina S , Austin Kathleen J , Alexander Brenda M
Published: November 2020

Aflatoxins are mold products of Aspergillus flavus. They are common food contaminants that affect dietary staples. Aflatoxins are most prevalent in emerging countries and negatively impact the health and reproduction of several animals. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) affects fertility in many species by decreasing the number of gametes. The mechanism for aflatoxin’s effect on gamete production has not been fully elucidated. In aflatoxin treated rats, steroidogenesis is affected by the competitive binding of aflatoxin to the StAR protein. The transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a nonselective cation channel highly expressed in male reproductive tracts, and sheep ovaries. TRPM8 binds testosterone and is responsive to steroids. The objective of these experiments is to determine if AFB1 influenced the expression of TRPM8 channels in an ovarian cell line. Human epithelial ovarian cells, SKOV, were seeded into chamber slides and treated in triplicate with media containing ethanol, 5µg/ml AFB1, 10µg/ml AFB1, or 20µg/ml AFB1 for 24 hours. The cells were stained for TRPM8 using immunocytochemistry and in a replicate experiment, analyzed for mRNA using Real Time RT-PCR protocols. Images were captured at 200x magnification and analyzed. Mean gray scale intensity was used to determine staining intensity as a reflection of TRPM8 expression. SKOV cells treated with AFB1 had increased staining (P ≤ 0.001) compared to ethanol treated cells. Relative TRPM8 mRNA did not differ with AFB1 treatments (P = 0.2). Inconsistency between mRNA and protein expression may be due to the timing of mRNA synthesis and translation of the protein. Based on these results, expression of TRPM8 in SKOV cells increased in response to AFB1. Although it is not certain if this effect is restricted to these transformed cells, the possibility remains that changes in TRPM8 expression may contribute to the negative reproductive consequences of AFB1 exposure in humans and livestock species.
PSXI-19 Investigating the Relationship Between Temperament and Performance Traits in Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Bouffiou Jesse , Boles Jane A , Thomson Jennifer M
Published: November 2020

Temperament in cattle, is defined as behavioral changes in response to humans or changes in the environment, and has been associated with reduced feed efficiency, reduced growth rate, and poor feedlot health. The objective of the study was to determine if temperament affected the performance, growth and health of feedlot cattle. One-hundred and thirty-one Angus x Simmental steers from a single ranch were sampled at a commercial feedlot in Chappell, NE. Blood samples for metabolite analysis, exit velocity, and blood lactate concentration for temperament classification were collected in addition to feedlot performance data and carcass quality measurements. The GLM and LSM procedures of SAS (SAS 9.4, 2014) were used to evaluate differences between temperament classifications. Pearson correlations were calculated between temperament and performance variables. Steers were divided into three exit velocity classifications, with fast animals (n = 27) having exit velocity greater than one standard deviation from the mean and slow animals (n = 26) having exit velocities lower than one standard deviation from the mean. Feed intake and behavior was monitored for 42 days with GrowSafe feed bunks and average daily gain, dry matter intake and residual feed intake calculated. There were significant differences between the temperament classifications of fast, medium and slow for both exit velocity and blood lactate (P < 0.0001), indicating there was a difference in responses from the classifications. Exit velocity had no effect on any of the growth parameters measured. There was a significant positive correlation between exit velocity and blood lactate (P < 0.0001). RFI was significantly correlated with exit velocity (P = 0. 051) and blood lactate (P < 0.05). This suggests that animals with higher RFI or less efficient animals had more flighty temperaments as determined by blood lactate and exit velocity.
PSXI-2 An update on the development of the Ruminant Farm Systems (RuFaS) model
Authors: Hansen Tayler L , Tricarico Juan , Reed Kristan F
Published: November 2020

Research, extension, and education communities often focus on the adoption of single strategies because they lack the tools to integrate opportunities at a farm level. Modeling is the best approach to synchronize the complex linkages between animal health, animal-based protein production, water resources, and soil health on dairy farms. Available farm systems models have limitations that prevent scalability and adaptation to evolving technologies and scientific knowledge. Participatory modeling with corporate partners and farmers is being used to create the Ruminant Farm Systems (RuFaS) model. RuFaS tracks the flows of nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus through four biophysical modules: soil and crop, feed storage, animal herd, and manure. Users input farm variables through tiered files, from general farm information (e.g., crop type, animal numbers, field characteristics) to advanced inputs (e.g., soil characteristics, milk production parameters). The soil and crop module predicts alfalfa, corn, and soybean growth. The animal module uses a Monte-Carlo approach to determine individual animal characteristics and production, incorporating breed traits, reproduction protocols, and animal management decisions. RuFaS calculates animal nutrient requirements from NRC equations, which are averaged on a pen basis to reflect industry practices. A nutritional grouping algorithm can allocate lactating cows to different pens. Manure processing and feed storage modules are currently being developed. RuFaS is coded in python, a general-purpose programming language emphasizing readability. Pool and flux values are stored daily and transferred to an output generator before being cleared annually. Simulation data can be summarized to determine resource use, greenhouse gas emissions, and the cost of production. RuFaS will be available as open-source software to radically change users’ access to dairy farm systems models. The completed RuFaS model will be an essential tool for researchers to evaluate strategies for farm sustainability, and we anticipate the first version of RuFaS will be available in 2021.
PSXI-15 Effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochars on nutrient disappearance, methane production and ruminal fermentation of a silage-based diet in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC)
Authors: Tamayao Paul , Ribeiro Gabriel O , McAllister Tim A , Yang Hee-Eun , Saleem A M , Ominski Kim , Okine Erasmus , McGeough E J
Published: November 2020

This study investigated the effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochar on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a barley silage-based diet. The basal diet consisted of 60% barley silage, 27% barley grain, 10% canola meal and 3% mineral/vitamin supplement (DM basis). Three spruced-based biochars, treated post-pyrolysis with either zinc chloride, hydrochloric acid/nitric acid mixture or sulfuric acid were added at 2.0% of substrate DM. In a randomized complete block design, treatments were assigned to sixteen vessels (n = 4/treatment) in two RUSITEC systems. The experiment was conducted over 15 d, with 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Nutrient disappearance of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was determined after 48 h of incubation from d 9 to 12, and microbial protein synthesis was measured from d 13–15. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS, with the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of RUSITEC system and vessel. Biochar inclusion did not affect disappearance of DM (P = 0.49), OM (P = 0.60), CP (P = 0.14), NDF (P = 0.48), ADF (P = 0.11) or starch (P = 0.58). Biochar also had no effect on total gas production (P = 0.31) or CH4 produced expressed as a % of total gas production (P = 0.06), mg/d (P = 0.70), mg/g of DM incubated (P = 0.74), or mg/g of DM digested (P = 0.64). No effect on total VFA (P = 0.56) or NH3-N (P = 0.20) production were observed. Neither microbial protein synthesis nor total protozoa count were affected by biochar addition (P > 0.05). In conclusion, biochar inclusion in a silage-based diet did not exhibit the potential to mitigate CH4 emissions or improve digestion in a RUSITEC system.
PSII-3 Carbohydrases enzymes improve the productive performance of grazing Nellore steers fed different nutritional plans during dry season
Authors: Acosta Anderson P , Vasconcellos Guilherme S , Perdigão Alexandre , de Carvalho Victor V Valério , Acedo Tiago S , Pedrini Cibeli A , Gandra Jefferson R
Published: November 2020

The aim was to evaluate two nutritional plans with the addition of dosages of carbohydrases enzyme blend on productive performance of grazing Nellore bulls in dry season. A total of 102 Nellore bulls (BW = 294.10 ± 3.35 kg) were equally distributed in six paddocks (17 bulls/paddock) following a completely randomized design in a 2x3 factorial arrangement, being the factors different nutritional plans (2): mineral-proteic supplementation (PS; Fosbovi® Proteico 35) offered at 0,1% BW or mineral-protein-energetic supplementation (PES; Fosbovi® Proteico-Energético 25) offered at 0.3% BW; and levels of enzymatic carbohydrases blend (3):0,00 (control), 4,75 or 9,50 g/animal/day. The enzymatic blend was mainly composed by beta-glucanase and xylanase enzymes (Ronozyme® VP and Ronozyme® WX) and included in the supplements (both enzymes and supplements provided by DSM Nutritional Products Brasil S.A.). Supplement intake and animal weighting were carried out daily and individually by an automatic scale system installed in each paddock, thus, animal was considered the experimental unit. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS and means were compared by polynomial regression. A quadratic effect was observed on enzyme level for ADG in both nutritional plans (P = 0.014), with intermediary dosages presenting the highest values of ADG for PS (0,283 vs. 0,188 kg/day) and PES (0.429 vs. 0.391 kg/day), over control respectively. Although no linear and quadratic enzyme effect was observed for final BW (FBW), animals supplemented with PES presented 20,06 kg higher FBW compared to PS (341,63 vs. 321,57 kg, P < 0.001). An increasing linear effect was observed for supplement intake (kg/day), for both PS and PES (P = 0.020). According the polynomial regression, it is recommended to include 4.67 g/day of carbohydrases blend in PS and 3.77 g/day in PES, being the carbohydrases blend a viable technology to grazing cattle. Moreover, mineral-protein-energetic supplementation can optimize Nellore bulls performance during dry season.
PSII-19 Effect of zinc and chromium supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers
Authors: Hallmark Harrison D , Zervoudakis Joanis T , Torrecilhas Juliana Akamine , Hatamoto-Zervoudakis Luciana K , Toller Henrique , Guimaraes Octavio , Engle Terry E
Published: November 2020

One hundred and sixty-five crossbred steers were used in this experiment to investigate the influence of supplemental zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet. Steers were blocked by initial BW (518.9 ± 8.4 kg) within cattle source (2 sources) and housed in pens containing 6–7 steers per pen. Pens within blocks were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with factors being: 30 or 90 mg of Zn/kg DM and 0.0 or 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM. Treatments consisted of: 1) 30 mg Zn/kg DM; 2) 90 mg Zn/kg DM; 3) 30 mg Zn + 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM; and 4) 90 mg Zn/kg + 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM. Zinc was supplemented as ZnSO4 and Cr supplemented as Cr propionate. Steers were individually weighted on 2 consecutive days prior to initiating dietary treatment and on 2 consecutive days at the end of the experiment. Dietary treatment were initiated 64 days prior to slaughter (total days on feed = 240). All cattle were transported to a commercial abattoir on the same day and slaughtered. Steers receiving supplemental Cr had greater final BW (P < 0.02) and ADG (P < 0.03) when compared to non-Cr supplemented steers. Additionally, hot carcass weight (P < 0.005) and marbling score (P < 0.03) were greater (P < 0.005) for steers receiving 30 mg Zn/kg DM + 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM when compared with all other treatments. Dry matter intake, morbidity and mortality, and all the other carcass measurements were similar across treatments. These data indicate that under the conditions of this experiment, Zn and Cr supplementation may influence feedlot cattle growth and carcass characteristics.
PSII-7 Complete genome analysis of a novel mucolytic bacterium, Prevotella mucinisolvens sp. nov., isolated from bovine rumen epithelium
Authors: Hong Soo Jong , Kim Do Hyun , Jung Da Jin Sol , Haque Md Najmul , Baik Myunggi
Published: November 2020

We report the complete genome sequence of a novel mucolytic bacterium, Prevotella mucinisolvens sp. nov. Mucolytic bacteria were isolated from rumen epithelium of the dorsal sac of Korean cattle steer using a targeted cultivation on a mucin defined medium as a sole carbon source in anaerobic conditions. The genome of P. mucinisolvens was sequenced by means of both the Illumina HiSeq™ X and PacBio RSII platforms. The genome (2,730,135 bp) was found to contain 2,445 genes, 2,374 coding sequences, 61 transfer RNA, 1 transfer-messenger RNA, and 9 ribosomal RNA. The P. mucinisolvens had a total 51 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), of which 14 GHs, including β-galactosidases (GH2, GH20), α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases (GH101), α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (GH89), sialidase (GH33), and fucosidases (GH29, GH95), were identified as enzymes involved in mucin degradation. Following the KEGG pathways, the putative mucolytic pathway was constructed, including the metabolism of carbon sources such as galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid), and mannose. The presence of putative extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis pathways, including Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway (4 putative glycosyltransferases, 3 acetyltransferases, 1 flippase, 1 polymerase, 1 polysaccharide co-polymerase, and 1 outer membrane transport protein) and synthase-dependent pathway (1 putative synthase, 3 precursors of synthesis), was confirmed in P. mucinisolvens. Twelve putative virulence factors associated with adherence (hasB, KpsF, and htpB), stress reactions (clpP and clpC), antiphagocytosis (hasB and bcs1), O-antigen (gmd, fcl, and galE), and metabolic adaption (panD) were identified. This study contributes to a better understanding of epimural bacteria in putative mucin-degrading ability.
PSII-4 Changes in abundance of ruminal bacteria associated with urea level and tannin supplementation in grazing beef cattle
Authors: Cidrini Iorrano A , Salcedo Yury G , Alves Kenia L G C , Prados Laura F , Siqueira Gustavo R , Resende Flávio D
Published: November 2020

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of tannins extract (TN) associated to two levels of urea in the supplement of grazing beef cattle on ruminal bacterial abundance. Were used eight rumen cannulated Nellore steers (293 kg ± 5.6 BW) in a double Latin square 4 x 4 (four periods of 28 each and four supplements: LU = low urea without TN; LUT = low urea plus TN; HU = high urea without TN and HUT = high urea plus TN). Steers grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and were supplemented at 3 g/kg BW cwith soybean meal, corn, mineral mix and two levels of urea (3% or 5%) associated or not to TN (SilvaFeed-ByPro at 0.7 g / kg). Samples of ruminal content were collected after supplementation (+ 3h), V3/V4 regions of 16SrRNA gene was sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq. Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME v.1.9.1) were used to filter reads and determine Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). DESeq2 differential abundance analysis were performed using each steer on LU supplement as own control on others supplements and evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test considering statistical significance at P < 0.10. Only 5 OTUs differed significantly between treatments. Enterorhabdus.spp population were less abundant in HU, but TN was able to reduce the abundance in both LUT and HUT(P = 0.049). The ruminal abundance of Streptococcus.spp (P = 0.026), Fusobacterium.spp (P = 0.053) and Synergistes.spp (P = 0.048) was reduced by TN, but had no effect of urea level. Enterorhabdus.spp, Streptococcus.spp and Fusobacterium.spp are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, ruminal acidosis and to liver abscesses in cattle, respectively. Betaproteobacteria class were less abundant in HU treatment (P = 0.048), this heterogeneous class bacterial content some nitrogen fixing bacteria and some pathogens important in plants and animals. In conclusion, TN reduced the ruminal population of important ruminal pathogens bacterial.
PSII-13 Effect of corn stover silages inoculated with effective microorganisms (EM®) on digestibility of sheeps
Authors: Pérez- Manuel , Márquez-Mota Claudia C , Romero-Pérez Atmir , Avilés-Nieto Jonathan , Corona Luis
Published: November 2020

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of corn stover silages with two sources of energy (cane molasses or milk whey) and EM (effective microorganisms, 1 mL/kg DM) on the digestibility of nutrients and rumen fermentation. We hypothesized that inoculation with EM (lactobacillus spp and Rhodopseudomona palustris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in the silage process of corn stover coud improve the in vivo digestibility and ruminal fermentation in sheep. Six male sheep with cannula in the rumen were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Experimental periods consisted of 11 d for diet adjustment followed by 5 d for collection. The animals were housed in metabolic cages, with a harness to collect faeces individually. Diets consisted of concentrate (corn grain, soybean meal, mineral salt) 55% and corn stover 45% dry basis. The treatments were: CS-AMW= Corn stover with acid milk whey, CS-CM= corn stover with sugar cane molasses, SIL-AMW= corn stover silage with acid milk whey, SIL-CM= corn stover silage with cane molasses, SIL-AMW-EM= corn stover silage with acid milk whey and EMand SIL-CM-EM= Corn stover silage with cane molasses and EM. The results were analyzed with PROC MIXED procedures of SAS. The inoculation of corn stover with EM increased (P < 0.05) the content of CP in SIL-AMW-EM and SIL-CM-EM respect CS-CM (Table 1). SIL-CM-EM increase (P < 0.05) the ruminal N-NH3 and pH (Table 2) but no effect was observed for digestibility (Table 3). However, the SIL-AMW improved (5.8%, P < 0.05) the OM digestion compared with CS-AMW. A diet with 45% corn stover silage with EM was not sufficient to improve in vivo digestibility of nutrients in sheep. This project was supported by UNAM,DGAPA, PAPIIT (IT202120)
PSIX-12 Inclusion of dried distillers grains with solubles in Lespedeza or alfalfa-based diets for meat goats is associated with a unique ruminal microbiome
Authors: Pech-Cervantes Andres A , Ogunade Ibukun M , Pannell Donielle , Kouakou Brou
Published: November 2020

This study evaluated the effect of replacement of corn and soybean meal with distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in lespedeza or alfalfa-based diets on the ruminal microbiome of growing meat goats. A total of 36 meat goats with average body weight (BW) of 24 ± 1.8 kg were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to four isonitrogenous (18.0) and isocaloric (3.2 Mcal/ kg DM) diets in a completely randomized design for 60 days. The treatment diets were: (1) alfalfa-based diet (ALC; containing 40.5% alfalfa, 26% corn and 13% SBM), (2) alfalfa and DDGS (ALD; replacement of corn and SBM with DDGS), (3) Sericea lespedeza (SL)-based diet (SLC; containing 47.25% SL, 20% corn, 13% SBM), (4) SL and DDGS (SLD; replacement of corn and SBM with DDGS). At the end of the experiment, the goats were slaughtered and rumen contents were immediately sampled for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) were used to detect differentially abundant taxa among treatments. The relative abundance of 11 taxa, including Ruminococcaceae UCG 002, Succinivibrionaceae UCG 002 and Prevotellaceae YAB2003 were reduced (LDA > 2; P < 0.05) while 62 taxa, including Ruminococcaceae UCG 013, Ruminococcaceae UCG 001, and Saccharofermentans were enriched (LDA > 2; P < 0.05) in ALD compared to ALC. Relative abundance of 35 taxa, including Ruminococcus YE281, Succinivibrio, and Lachnospiraceae ND3007 were reduced while 42 taxa, including Prevotellaceae UCG 003 and Ruminococcus were enriched (LDA > 2; P < 0.05) in SLD, compared to SLC. A total of 68, 35, 61, and 91 taxa were respectively detected ALC, SLC, SLD, and ALD, but not in other treatments. These results showed that inclusion of DDGS in lespedeza or alfalfa-based diet causes a shift in ruminal microbial community and is associated with a unique ruminal microbial community
PSVI-19 Evaluation of an automated system for monitoring water intake in group-housed beef cattle
Authors: De Moura Felipe H , Batalha Isadora , Franco Arturo , Bello Camilo , Archilia Evandro , Silva Aghata , Moreira Gabriel , Norris Aaron , Schutz Luis , Fonseca Mozart
Published: November 2020

This study was performed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of an automated water trough system (Intergado, Pro-Eficiencia Solucao para Agronegocios S.A., Betim, Minas Gerais, Brazil) for measuring water intake (WI) of beef cattle. The dataset was obtained from thirteen Angus x Hereford registered crossbred breeding bulls over a 90 d research trial. Animals were consuming beardless wheat (Triticum aestivum) hay near maintenance requirements with free access to water and a trace mineral block. The animals were assigned to 1 of 2 shaded pens provided with a total of eight automated water trough systems. For each voluntary visit to the water trough, the system recorded the animal identification, water consumed, and initial BW. The final BW was determined following each drinking event by accounting for the weight of water disappeared upon drinking (±0.050 kg), scale recorded weights (±0.500 kg), and flow of water consumed (L/s). Data were analyzed based on plotting observed against predicted for the identity line (slope = 0 and intercept = 1) and goodness-of-fit, both were assessed using the Model Evaluation System (Tedeschi 2006). Differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.10. The intercept was found to be different than zero (P < 0.001) but slope was similar to 1 (P = 0.0658). Differences were attributed to the inherent precision of the scales. The WI values presented a mean bias of 0.140 kg. The predicted WI accounted for 99.9% of the observed WI. Goodness-of-fit indicated very high values for modeling efficiency (0.999), accuracy (0.999), and the overall measurement of precision and accuracy (CCC; 0.998). Additionally, the major part of the prediction error was random (89%), indicating that only 11% of the error was associated with the prediction technique. Therefore, the Intergado automated water trough system is recommended for the monitoring of individual water intake for beef cattle.
PSVI-13 Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus-based enzyme extracts on rumen fermentation, fiber digestibility, and plasma metabolome of beef steers fed red clover/orchard hay
Authors: Ogunade Ibukun M , Compart Devan M , Pech-Cervantes Andres A
Published: November 2020

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and Aspergillus-based enzyme extracts (ABE) are respectively fed to improve gut health and forage digestibility in ruminants. Also, cells of SC contain polyamines which can regulate the immune function. This study evaluated the synergistic effects of SC and ABE on rumen fermentation, plasma polyamine concentrations, and in vitro fiber digestibility of beef steers fed red clover/orchard hay. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein steers were assigned to 4 treatments arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four 21-d periods. Dietary treatments were (1) CON (basal diet without additive), (2) SC (CON + 15 g/d of live SC; PMI, Arden Hills, MN, (3) ABE (5 g of ABE; PMI, Arden Hills, MN, USA) and (4) SC+ABE (15 g/d of live SC + 5 g of ABE). On d 21, blood samples were collected before morning feeding for analysis of plasma polyamines (spermines, spermidine, and putrescine). Rumen fluid samples were collected 3, 6, and 9 hours after feeding for analysis of VFA and in vitro dry matter and fiber digestibility. The model included the effects of treatment, period, and random effects of cow and square. Compared with CON, neither SC nor ABE had effects (P > 0.10) on ruminal VFA profile. In contrast, SC+ABE increased (P ≤ 0.05) the ruminal concentrations of acetate, butyrate, valerate and total VFA concentrations. In vitro dry matter and fiber digestibilities were increased (P < 0.05) by SC+ABE, but not by SC or ABE alone. Both SC and SC+ABE increased (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of spermidine and spermine. These results suggest that SC supplementation with or without ABE increased plasma concentrations of polyamines; however, SC and ABE synergistically improved the rumen fermentation and in vitro fiber and DM digestibility.
PSXII-8 The effect of tannins extract associated to two levels of urea in the supplement of grazing Nellore steers on ruminal microbial richness and diversity estimators
Authors: Cidrini Iorrano A , Salcedo Yury G , Abreu Mateus I , Cidrini Fernando A , Prados Laura F , Siqueira Gustavo R , Resende Flávio D
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of tannins extract (TN) associated to two levels of urea (UR) in the supplement of grazing Nellore steers on ruminal microbial richness and diversity estimators. The study used eight Nellore steers (293 kg ± 5.6 BW), rumen cannulated grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu distributed in a double Latin square 4 x 4 (four experimental periods and four supplements). Steers were supplemented at 3 g/kg BW with soybean meal, corn, mineral mix and two levels of UR (3% or 5%) associated or not to TN (SilvaFeed-ByPro at 0.7 g / kg). On d 26 of each experimental period, samples of ruminal content were collected after supplementation (+3h), V3/V4 regions of 16SrRNA gene was sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq. Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME v.1.9.1) were used to filter reads and determine Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and Alpha_diversity.py in QIIME was used to calculate ACE, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices. Richness and diversity estimators were compared between UR level and TN addition using a Friedman test and a Dunn’s post-hoc test using R. Sequencing produced 709,456 reads from16 samples. After trimming, the median number of reads was 81,005 per sample with good’s coverage median of 0.98. There was no effect of UR levels on the indexes of richness ACE (2487.4), Chao1 (2497.3), diversity Shannon (8.95) and Simpson (0.990) (P > 0.05). TN addition in the supplement increased ACE (2478.7 to 2483.1) and Chao 1 (2495.3 to 2507.9), had no effect in the diversity Shannon (8.93) and reduced Simpson index (0.993 to 0.990) (P < 0.05), suggesting higher microbiome growing and a more efficient rumen due to lower numbers of metabolic pathways. Higher richness and lower diversity indexes suggest that TN may improve the rumen microbiome growing and efficiency in grazing steers.
PSX-22 Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae as a natural source of rumen-protected eicosapentaenoic acid in diets of lactating Nubian goats
Authors: Anele Uchenna , Kholif Ahmed , Gouda Gouda
Published: November 2020

Dietary fats can affect lactational performance of goats and modify the profile of fatty acids in milk. The effects of providing lactating Nubian goats with Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae, as a natural source of rumen-protected eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), on the feed intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, lactational performance and milk fatty acid profile were evaluated. Fifteen lactating does, weighing 33.0 ± 1.3 kg after parturition, were randomly assigned to three treatments in a quintuplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Does were stratified according to their previous milk production, parity and expected average milk yield in a 12-week experiment. Does were fed a basal diet containing 300 g of berseem clover, 200 g wheat straw and 500 g of concentrates (control treatment) or the control diet supplemented with 5 g (NO5 treatment) or 10 g (NO10 treatment) of N. oculata microalgae. Dietary treatments did not affect feed intake but increased (P < 0.01) nutrient digestibility. Without affecting ruminal pH and ammonia-N, NO5 and NO10 treatments linearly increased total volatile fatty acids (P = 0.002) and propionic acid (P = 0.022). Dietary treatments linearly increased (P < 0.01) daily milk production and the concentration of lactose without affecting other milk components. Both NO5 and NO10 treatments decreased atherogenic index (P = 0.004) and increased the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and C20:5n3 (EPA). In conclusion, supplementing the diet of lactating Nubian goats with N. oculata microalgae at 5 and 10 g daily enhanced milk production and altered milk fatty acid composition. Although further research is needed, performance responses associated with increasing the dose of the microalgae from 5 g to 10 g /doe were not large; thus, the 5 g dose is recommended for practical use.
PSX-10 Program Chair Poster Pick: Effects of meat goat breed, salinity of drinking water, and level of protein supplementation on intake and digestion
Authors: Keli Abdelhafid , Merera Chala , Puchala Ryszard , Scronce Adaven , Ribeiro Luana P , Lourencon Raquel V , Rojas Miguel , Calle Mauricio , Goetsch Arthur L
Published: November 2020

The objective was to determine if effects of level of salinity in drinking water for yearling meat goat wethers consuming low-protein roughage are influenced by level of protein supplementation and breed. Eighteen Boer (initial BW of 37.9±1.12 kg and 1.15±0.009 yr) and 18 Spanish goats (33.5±0.66 kg and 1.16±0.008 yr) consumed wheat straw ad libitum for 10 wk. Soybean meal was supplemented at 0.13–0.14 or 0.27–0.28% BW (DM; Low and High, respectively) and water was fresh alone (240 mg/kg total dissolved salts) or with NaCl added at 5,000 or 10,000 mg/L (FW, MS, and HS, respectively). Final BW was not influenced by supplement or water treatments (P >0.12) and was greater (P = 0.003) for Boer vs. Spanish (38.6 and 34.7 kg; SEM=0.84). Water intake ranked (P < 0.05) FW< MS< HS (1,093, 1,295, and 1,541 g/d; SEM=66.6). Wheat straw DMI was similar between supplement treatments (684 and 692 g/d; SEM=21.1) and, thus, total DMI tended (P < 0.068) to be greater for High (733 and 793 g/d for Low and High, respectively; SEM=21.9). There was an interaction (P = 0.015) in total DMI between breed and water treatments because of a relatively low value for Spanish-FW (821, 733, and 811 for Boer and 636, 781, and 796 g/d for Spanish consuming FW, MS, and HS, respectively; SEM=38.0). Breed and water and supplement treatments did not influence the average of total tract digestibilities determined in wk 4 and 8 (P >010). In conclusion, these yearling meat goats displayed considerable tolerance of drinking water high in salinity as varied by NaCl addition, without consistent breed differences. Furthermore, under these conditions, effects of level of protein supplementation did not markedly differ among water treatments or between goat breeds. Future research should address animals with greater nutrient and energy demands and sources of saline water with various mineral arrays.
PSVII-30 Growth performance, and serum concentration of testosterone of male and female pigs immunocastrated with a GnRH analogue, fed wet low-protein diets
Authors: Vázquez Néstor Arce , Aguilar Nydia Corina Vásquez , Brenner Estela Garza , Sánchez Dávila Fernando , Trejo Adriana Morales , Ramírez Miguel Cervantes , Barragán Hugo Bernal
Published: November 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a GnRH analogue (Improvac, Zoetis, USA) on growth parameters, and serum concentration of testosterone in male and female pigs fed wet low-protein diets. Nineteen crossbred (York-Landrace x Duroc) pigs with an initial BW of 43.9±2.4 kg were individually housed in pens (1.44 m2) equipped with feeder and nipple water drinker, and randomly assigned to one of three treatments: ICM: immunocastrated males (n = 8); ICF: immunocastrated females (n = 6); and EFE: entire females (n = 5). All animals were fed ad libitum the same grower (44–65 kg BW) 14.4% CP, and finishing (65 kg BW to slaughter) 13.6% CP diets, offered as wet (1:1 water:feed). Immunocastrated pigs received two GnRH analogue doses at 119 and 147 days of age (days 22 and 49 of the experiment, respectively). Body weight, weight gain, feed intake and gain:feed were evaluated in three periods (P) of the experiment: P1 (21 days previous to the first dose); P2 (from the first to second GnRH analogue doses); P3 (21 days after the second analogue dose). Serum concentrations of testosterone were determined in blood samples at days 21, 35, 49, 63, and 70. Results were analyzed in a randomized design, with ANOVA using SPSS. Three contrasts were constructed: C1: ICM vs ICF; C2: ICF vs EFE, and C3: ICM vs EFE. Final body weight was similar among treatments (P >0.05). In P3, weight gain, feed intake, and gain:feed of ICM was higher than EFE (P< 0.05), however results were similar (P >0.05) among treatments for periods P1 and P2. Serum testosterone concentration in ICM was higher (P < 0.01) than ICF and EFE until the second GnRH analogue dose, but similar among treatments (P >0.05) thereafter. In conclusion, immunocastrated males had better growth parameters than entire females, but similar to those of immunocastrated females.
PSVII-29 Genetic differentiation of modern and historical samples of the Russian Large White pigs
Authors: Kostyunina Olga V , Getmantseva Lyubov , Abdelmanova Alexandra , Petrikeeva Lidia , Zinovieva Natalia A
Published: November 2020

Involvement in research of historical samples can help to clarify the demographic processes in livestock populations. In most cases, bone powder derived from teeth or skull bones are used for molecular genetic studies of historical samples. The aim of our study was to evaluate genetic differences between historical and modern samples of the Russian Large White pigs. Eight historical specimens of the Large White pigs dated by 60s of the 20th century which are maintained in the Craniological collection of the Livestock Museum named after E.F. Liskun were used for the study. The modern representatives of breed were presented by the samples from eight different farms (LW_New1 - LW_New8, n = 152). All works with historical DNA were carried out in the special facilities of the L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry dedicated for work with ancient DNA. DNA was isolated using COrDIS “Extract” Decalcin kit (COrDIS, Russia) and Prep Filer™ BTA Forensic DNA Extraction Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The whole-genome genotyping was performed using Porcine GGP HD BeadChip chips (Illumina/Novogene, USA). The quality control was performed in PLINK 1.9 using the following settings: geno-0.2, mind-0.2, MAF-0.01, HWE-P< 8.27×10−7. The fixation index (Fst) was calculated using the ADMIXTURE software. The concentration of DNA isolated from the historical samples was varied from 0.550 to 600 ng/μl (A260/280 = 1.46–1.96). The genotypes’ call rates were 0.187–0.986. Six historical samples passed through the quality control were used for the further study. Calculation of Fst values showed, that the historical samples were closer to the LW_new1 and LW_new4 groups (Fst = 0.151 and 0.157, respectively), and the most divergent from the LW_new3 group (Fst = 0.304). Our research result will help to elucidate the genetic architecture of the Russian Large White pigs. This research was supported by the RSF (Project No. 19-16-00109).
PSVII-27 Early plasma androstenone concentrations may indicate extent of boar taint at slaughter
Authors: Cameron Jocelyn , Bergeron Renee , Squires Jim
Published: November 2020

Castration is a highly invasive procedure performed on male pigs within the first few days after birth. Castration reduces aggressive and sexual behaviours and, more importantly, eliminates the incidence of a meat quality issue called boar taint. Androstenone, one of the boar taint causing compounds, is a steroid hormone produced during puberty in boars, and also during a spike of testicular steroidogenesis at 21 days of age. This peak is thought to mature the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis; however, 21-day steroid concentrations have not previously been linked to the extent of boar taint development at slaughter. The objective of this research is to determine if androstenone concentrations at 21 days of age can predict boar taint development at slaughter. Crossbred [(YorkshireXLandrace)XDuroc] boars (n = 36) were raised in pens of two females and two males to average market slaughter weight. Blood was taken at 21 days and slaughter, backfat was collected at slaughter. Plasma and fat androstenone concentrations were measured by androstenone-specific ELISA. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and ANOVA. Boars >120kg at slaughter showed positive correlation (R=0.54, P =.007) between 21-day plasma androstenone and fat androstenone concentrations at slaughter, and tended to correlate (R=0.40, P =.056) between 21-day plasma androstenone and plasma androstenone concentrations at slaughter. Boars yet to reach 120kg by slaughter did not show correlation (R=0.2, P = .2) between 21-day plasma androstenone and slaughter androstenone concentrations. There was no correlation between age and weight at slaughter, and plasma and fat androstenone concentrations were not different (P >.05) between groups above and below 120kg at slaughter. These results suggest that 21-day plasma androstenone concentrations may be indicative of androstenone accumulation in the fat and plasma if pigs are over 120kg at slaughter. This can aid with identifying boars at risk of developing boar taint early so that solutions such as immunocastration can be implemented.
PSVII-31 Impact of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in Drinking Water on Nursery Pig Performance
Authors: Samuel Ryan S , Clizer David A , Isensee Paige K , Woyengo Tofuko A , Levesque Crystal L
Published: November 2020

High concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) in water have been reported to increase the incidence of diarrhea and reduce nursery pig growth performance. The particular minerals of concern for pigs are typically intakes of magnesium and sodium sulfate salts. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drinking water with added concentrations of TDS from sulfate salts on animal performance and feed and water disappearance. Newly weaned pigs (n = 1,144; 20 d old PIC) were stocked at 26 pigs per pen of equal gender in 44 pens in a wean-to-finish commercial research barn. Each pen was randomly assigned to receive one of four water treatments into two cup waters per pen: 1) combination of CaSO4, MgSO4, and NaSO4; 2) CaSO4; 3) MgSO4; 4) NaSO4. The drinking water treatments were derived from stock solutions delivered at 1:128 to relevant pens using a separate medicator per water line (Table 1). Pigs were provided free access to four phase nursery diets and water throughout the trial. Pen weights were measured on d 0, 7, 21, 35, and 42 using a scale that weighs the entire pen of pigs. Feed remaining on weigh days was calculated according to a prepared calibration curve by measuring the distance from the top of the feeder to the top of the feed. Water meters at each pen were read on weigh days to determine the water disappearance per pen. Water treatment did not affect (P > 0.07) ADG nor ADFI of nursery pigs. Water disappearance tended to be greater (P = 0.10) in pens receiving the CaSO4 water compared to the combination treatment from d 21 to 35. The TDS concentrations from sulfate complexes used in this experiment did not impact the growth performance or feed or water disappearance of newly weaned nursery pigs.
PSI-32 Effect of pulmonary arterial pressure on reproductive performance in Angus heifers located in south central Wyoming
Authors: Duggan Kelley , Doyle Stephen , Foxworthy H , DeAtley Kasey
Published: November 2020

Pulmonary hypertension (i.e., high altitude disease) occurs in locations above 1,600 m in elevation and causes heart failure and death. Pulmonary arterial pressure scoring is an effective indicator of pulmonary hypertension and high-altitude disease. The objective of this study was to look at the effect of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) scoring on reproductive performance in Angus heifers. First service conception (FSC), pregnancy rate, and pulmonary arterial pressure scores were obtained from the Colorado State University Beef Improvement Center for 2,503 Angus heifers between 1995 and 2016. All spring-calving females were exposed to estrous synchronization and one-round of artificial insemination. After a 10-d holding period heifers were exposed to natural service sires for 60 days. First service conception and pregnancy rate traits were determined using ultrasonography via rectal palpation at 30 and 60 days post artificial insemination. Pulmonary arterial pressure scores were collected at ~12 mos of age. Data were analyzed with ANOVA as a completely randomized block design, blocking by birth year. Fixed effect was pulmonary arterial pressure group [high (>42mm Hg) vs. low (<42 mmHg)]. Logistic regression was used to further investigate fertility traits with PAP scores. Nodifferences were detected among pulmonary arterial pressure group for first service conception (P > 0.05); however, high pulmonary arterial pressure heifers had lower pregnancy rates compared to low PAP heifers (0.86 vs. 0.91 ± 0.01; P = 0.03). Logistic regression supported these findings, identifying PAP score as a significant predictor of breeding season pregnancy rate (P < 0.05), indicating an inverse relationship between PAP score and pregnancy rate. Cumulatively, results show an unfavorable relationship between heifers with high pulmonary arterial pressure scores and overall pregnancy rate.
PSI-36 Phenotypic Relationship of Feed Efficiency and Fertility in Angus and Red Angus Bulls
Authors: Lacey Taylor , Doyle Stephen , DeAtley Kasey
Published: November 2020

Recent advances in measuring feed intake improve selection for efficient beef bulls; however, such selection must not decrease bull fertility. Objectives herein were to determine the phenotypic relationship between feed efficiency and fertility traits in growing Angus (n = 14) and Red Angus (n = 14) bulls. Two feeding trials were conducted at the CSU, Chico University Farm in 2017 (87 d) and 2018 (84 d). Each year, bulls were randomly assigned to 7 x 18 m pens equipped with GrowSafe feed intake units and allowed ad libitum access to water and feed (CP: 15.6%, TDN: 56.22%, NDF: 52%, DM basis). Performance traits included: feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake [RFI; measured as the difference between predicted dry matter intake (PDMI) and actual dry matter intake (DMI)], start weight (SWT), end weight (EWT), metabolic mid-weight (MMWT), residual gain and average daily gain (ADG). Breeding soundness exams (BSE) were conducted at 18 mo of age and included traits: scrotal circumference (SC), motility (MT), and morphology (MP). Residual feed intake was calculated by regressing DMI on ADG and MMWT. The RFI group was categorized as low (0.5 SD above the RFI mean), marginal (± 0.5 SD about the RFI mean), and high (0.5 SD above the RFI mean) by year. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, blocking on year-pen and fitting breed and RFI group as independent factors. Tukey pairwise contrasts were run. Motility among breeds and RFI group were analyzed using chi-square. Pearson correlations were calculated between growth, feed efficiency, and BSE measures of SC and MP. There were no differences (P > 0.05) among breeds nor RFI groups for SWT, EWT, MMWT, residual gain, SC, and MT. No interaction was detected between breed and RFI group with exception of MP (P = 0.049); specifically, low RFI Red Angus bulls had poor MP compared to marginal and high RFI groups (66.94 ± 6.87 vs. 87.43 ± 3.77 and 93.74 ± 5.48 %, respectively). Angus bulls were superior to Red Angus bulls in ADG (1.23 ± 0.04 vs. 1.06 ± 0.05 kg/d; P = 0.01), FCR (7.98 ± 0.31 vs. 9.18 ± 0.38; P = 0.04), and RFI (-0.24 ± 0.09 vs. 0.09 ± 0.11 kg DMI/d; P = 0.04). High and marginal RFI groups had greater DMI compared to low RFI group (10.40 ± 0.26 and 9.64 ± 0.18 kg/d vs. 8.31 ± 0.32 kg/d; P < 0.001). There were no significant phenotypic correlations between growth and efficiency measures with SC and MP (P > 0.05). Cumulatively, results indicate that SC and MT were not affected in efficient bulls.