bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Striking Is the Intergenerational Difference in Exposure to Compound Heatwaves Over Southeast Asia?
Authors: Sun Xuerong , Ge Fei , Chen Quanliang , Fraedrich Klaus , Li Xing
Published: May 2023

Southeast Asia (SEA) is experiencing rapid warming, leading to more extreme heatwaves. Sustained compound heatwaves, with high temperatures during day and at night, pose profound threats in highly vulnerable regions, resulting in great stress on society. We estimated the changes in the compound heatwave characteristics and population exposure over SEA at the end of the 21st century based on the model outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. Results show that the projected compound heatwaves have significant intensified over SEA linked to increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Contemporary younger generations will face more potential risks than their parents' generation. A child born in the 2010s will experience 1,000 discrete heatwaves in their lifetime, a threefold increase compared with the 1980s. Climate change and population growth combine to drive increased population exposure. The climate effect accounts for 125% in the 0–24‐year‐old cohort, whereas the interaction effect accounts for 85% in the 75+ age group. The relative importance of effects evolves dynamically across age groups, gradually shifting from a predominance of climate effects to a synergy of the climate and population effects. Significant regional inequalities exist in the increased population exposure over SEA. The largest increase occurs in Indonesia, where the aggregate exposure ranges from 45 billion person‐days under the SSP1‐2.6 scenario to 81 and 108 billion person‐days, respectively, in the higher SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios. The study emphasizes the need for the SEA countries to focus on heat‐stress adaptation strategies, while also working toward fulfilling emission reduction commitments.
Interaction of Interplanetary Shocks With the Moon: Hybrid Simulations and ARTEMIS Observations
Authors: Omidi N. , Zhou X.‐Y. , Russell C. T. , Angelopoulos V.
Published: May 2023

When in the solar wind, the Moon is exposed to its embedded discontinuities such as interplanetary (IP) shocks. In this study we utilize 3‐D electromagnetic hybrid (kinetic ions, fluid electrons) simulations and observations of two events, by THEMIS/ARTEMIS spacecraft to understand the interaction of IP shocks with the Moon. Simulation parameters are based on one of the ARTEMIS events and include the presence of supra‐thermal ions in the solar wind. The results show that the absorption of the cold solar wind protons on the Moon's dayside leads to a density hole in the shock front behind the Moon. This density hole refills and recovers as the IP shock moves down the lunar tail. Penetration of the interplanetary magnetic field through Moon's body leads to the survival of a steepened magnetic structure associated with the shock surface. However, due to the lower pressures in the lunar tail the structure broadens in space and is expected to steepen when the IP shock is beyond the tail. The IP shock is also found to interact with the energetic ions in the lunar tail resulting in their acceleration to higher energies. Comparing the densities measured by ARTEMIS in the solar wind and lunar tail shows the absence of a shock front in density in the tail consistent with the formation of a density hole at the shock front. Similarly, comparing the magnetic field profiles in the solar wind and lunar tail shows the expected broadening of the magnetic field shock front.
Influences of Oceanic Processes Between the Indian and Pacific Basins on the Eastward Propagation of MJO Events Crossing the Maritime Continent
Authors: Hu Haibo , Li Yiran , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Wang Rongrong , Mao Kefeng , Yu Peilong
Published: May 2023

Tropical intraseasonal Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) is one of the dominant products of ocean‐atmosphere interactions. The relationship between its eastward propagation and atmospheric boundary layer processes has been emphasized. Using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) daily data, the eastward propagating MJO events are divided into the MJO_C events which pass through the Maritime Continent (MC) and MJO_N that cannot. In further research, the path from Lombok Strait to Timor Sea across the south of MC is identified as the critical movement path of MJO (MJO_SC) events. The differences in the oceanic processes and lower atmospheric fields are then revealed between the MJO_SC and MJO_N events along this critical path. The MJO_SC (MJO_N) events triggered in the eastern (western) side of the tropical Indian Ocean lead to the thermocline deepening (shallowing) and warm (cold) upper ocean in the Lombok Strait‐Timor sea. Subsequently, MJO_N events propagate northeastward over the land of MC and die out. However, MJO_SC events are pulled toward the Timor Sea. During the eastward propagation of the MJO_SC events, an eastward anomalous subsurface warm current is discovered in the Timor Sea, which is prior to the atmospheric convection center. This advective heat transport in the upper ocean dominates the sea surface warming under the MJO atmospheric convection center and its eastern flank. The followed outward turbulent heat flux and vapor cause an increase in moisture and instability in the lower atmosphere east of the MJO convection center, which promotes the growth and continued eastward propagation of the MJO.
Development of a Fast and Accurate Hybrid Model for Floodplain Inundation Simulations
Authors: Fraehr Niels , Wang Quan J. , Wu Wenyan , Nathan Rory
Published: May 2023

High computational cost is often the most limiting factor when running high‐resolution hydrodynamic models to simulate spatial‐temporal flood inundation behavior. To address this issue, a recent study introduced the hybrid Low‐fidelity, Spatial analysis, and Gaussian Process learning (LSG) model. The LSG model simulates the dynamic behavior of flood inundation extent by upskilling simulations from a low‐resolution hydrodynamic model through Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis and Sparse Gaussian Process learning. However, information on flood extent alone is often not sufficient to provide accurate flood risk assessments. In addition, the LSG model has only been tested on hydrodynamic models with structured grids, while modern hydrodynamic models tend to use unstructured grids. This study therefore further develops the LSG model to simulate water depth as well as flood extent and demonstrates its efficacy as a surrogate for a high‐resolution hydrodynamic model with an unstructured grid. The further developed LSG model is evaluated on the flat and complex Chowilla floodplain of the Murray River in Australia and accurately predicts both depth and extent of the flood inundation, while being 12 times more computationally efficient than a high‐resolution hydrodynamic model. In addition, it has been found that weighting before the EOF analysis can compensate for the varying grid cell sizes in an unstructured grid and the inundation extent should be predicted from an extent‐based LSG model rather than deriving it from water depth predictions.
Thank You to Our 2022 Reviewers
Authors: AghaKouchak Amir , Caylor Kelly K. , Dalin Carole , de Beurs Kirsten , Diffenbaugh Noah S. , Guan Dabo , Kopp Robert E. , Kroll Jesse , Mishra Vimal , Reed Patrick M. , Zhang Xin
Published: May 2023

Key Points

Earth's Future thanks its reviewers who contributed in 2022
Comparison of Soil Moisture Content Retrieval Models Utilizing Hyperspectral Goniometer Data and Hyperspectral Imagery From an Unmanned Aerial System
Authors: Nur Nayma Binte , Bachmann Charles M.
Published: May 2023

To understand surface biogeophysical processes, accurately evaluating the geographical and temporal fluctuations of soil moisture is crucial. It is well known that the surface soil moisture content (SMC) affects soil reflectance at all solar spectrum wavelengths. Therefore, future satellite missions, such as the NASA Surface Biology and Geology mission, will be essential for mapping and monitoring global soil moisture changes. Our study compares two widely used moisture retrieval models: the multilayer radiative transfer model of soil reflectance (MARMIT) and the soil water parametric (SWAP)‐Hapke model. We evaluated the SMC retrieval accuracy of these models using unmanned aerial systems (UAS) hyperspectral imagery and goniometer hyperspectral data. Laboratory analysis employed hyperspectral goniometer data of sediment samples from four locations reflecting diverse environments, while field validation used hyperspectral UAS imaging and coordinated ground truth collected in 2018 and 2019 from a barrier island beach at the Virginia Coast Reserve Long‐Term Ecological Research site. The (SWAP)‐Hapke model achieves comparable accuracy to MARMIT using laboratory hyperspectral data but is less accurate when applied to UAS hyperspectral imagery than the MARMIT model. We proposed a modified version of the (SWAP)‐Hapke model, which achieves better results than MARMIT when applied to laboratory spectral measurements; however, MARMIT's performance is still more accurate when applied to UAS imagery. These results are likely due to differences in the models' descriptions of multiply‐scattered light and MARMIT's more detailed description of air‐water interactions.
Species-specific relationships between deep sea sponges and their symbiotic Nitrosopumilaceae
Authors: Garritano Alessandro N , Majzoub Marwan E , Ribeiro Bárbara , Damasceno Taissa , Modolon Fluvio , Messias Camila , Vilela Caren , Duarte Gustavo , Hill Lilian , Peixoto Raquel , Thomas Torsten
Published: May 2023

Sponges thrive in the deep, dark and nutrient-depleted ocean and may rely on microbial symbionts for carbon acquisition and energy generation. However, these symbiotic relationships remain largely unexplored. In this study, we analyze the microbiome of deep-sea sponges and show that ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) of the family Nitrosopumilaceae make up at least 75% of the microbial communities of the sponges Aphrocallistes sp., Farrea sp. and Paratimea sp.. Given the known autotrophic metabolism of AOAs, this implies that these sponge holobionts can have the capacity for primary production in the deep-sea. We also show that specific AOA lineages are highly specific towards their hosts, hinting towards an unprecedent vertical transmission of these symbionts in deep-sea sponges. Our results show that the ecology and evolution of symbiotic relationships in deep-sea sponge is distinct from that of their shallow-water counterparts.
Functional and developmental changes in the inner hair cell ribbon synapses caused by Myosin VI knockout and deafness-inducing point mutation
Authors: Yin Ning , Zhao Jingjing , Zhang Panpan , Yu Baofu , Chai Renjie , Li Geng-Lin
Published: May 2023

Hearing loss is one of the most common neurosensory disorders in humans, and above half of hearing loss is caused by gene mutations. Among more than 100 genes that cause non-syndromic hearing loss, myosin VI (MYO6) is typical in terms of the complexity of underlying mechanisms, which are not well understood. In this study, we used both knock-out (Myo6−/−) and point mutation (Myo6C442Y) mice as animal models, performed whole-cell patch-clamp recording and capacitance measurement in the inner hair cells (IHCs) in the cochlea, and sought to reveal potential functional and developmental changes in their ribbon synapses. In Myo6−/− cochleae of both before (P8-10) and after hearing onset (P18-20), exocytosis from IHCs, measured in whole-cell capacitance change (ΔCm), was significantly reduced, Ca2+ current amplitude (ICa) was unchanged, but Ca2+ voltage dependency was differently altered, causing significant increase in Ca2+ influx in mature IHCs but not in immature IHCs. In immature IHCs of Myo6C442Y/C442Y cochleae, neither ΔCm nor ICa was altered, but both were reduced in mature IHCs of the same animal model. Furthermore, while the reduction of exocytosis was caused by a combination of the slower rate of depleting readily releasable (RRP) pool of synaptic vesicles and slower sustained release rate (SRR) in Myo6−/− immature IHCs, it was likely due to smaller RRP and slower SRR in mature IHCs of both animal models. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms of deafness caused by MYO6 mutations, and provide a solid theoretical and scientific basis for the diagnosis and treatment of deafness.
Geometric constraints on human brain function
Authors: Pang James C. , Aquino Kevin M. , Oldehinkel Marianne , Robinson Peter A. , Fulcher Ben D. , Breakspear Michael , Fornito Alex
Published: May 2023

The anatomy of the brain necessarily constrains its function, but precisely how remains unclear. The classical and dominant paradigm in neuroscience is that neuronal dynamics are driven by interactions between discrete, functionally specialized cell populations connected by a complex array of axonal fibres1–3. However, predictions from neural field theory, an established mathematical framework for modelling large-scale brain activity4–6, suggest that the geometry of the brain may represent a more fundamental constraint on dynamics than complex interregional connectivity7,8. Here, we confirm these theoretical predictions by analysing human magnetic resonance imaging data acquired under spontaneous and diverse task-evoked conditions. Specifically, we show that cortical and subcortical activity can be parsimoniously understood as resulting from excitations of fundamental, resonant modes of the brain’s geometry (that is, its shape) rather than from modes of complex interregional connectivity, as classically assumed. We then use these geometric modes to show that task-evoked activations across over 10,000 brain maps are not confined to focal areas, as widely believed, but instead excite brain-wide modes with wavelengths spanning over 60 mm. Finally, we confirm predictions that the close link between geometry and function is explained by a dominant role for wave-like activity, showing that wave dynamics can reproduce numerous canonical spatiotemporal properties of spontaneous and evoked recordings. Our findings challenge prevailing views and identify a previously underappreciated role of geometry in shaping function, as predicted by a unifying and physically principled model of brain-wide dynamics.
Myelin dysfunction drives amyloid-β deposition in models of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Depp Constanze , Sun Ting , Sasmita Andrew Octavian , Spieth Lena , Berghoff Stefan A. , Nazarenko Taisiia , Overhoff Katharina , Steixner-Kumar Agnes A. , Subramanian Swati , Arinrad Sahab , Ruhwedel Torben , Möbius Wiebke , Göbbels Sandra , Saher Gesine , Werner Hauke B. , Damkou Alkmini , Zampar Silvia , Wirths Oliver , Thalmann Maik , Simons Mikael , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi , Krueger-Burg Dilja , Kawaguchi Riki , Willem Michael , Haass Christian , Geschwind Daniel , Ehrenreich Hannelore , Stassart Ruth , Nave Klaus-Armin
Published: May 2023

The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, increases rapidly with age, but why age constitutes the main risk factor is still poorly understood. Brain ageing affects oligodendrocytes and the structural integrity of myelin sheaths1, the latter of which is associated with secondary neuroinflammation2,3. As oligodendrocytes support axonal energy metabolism and neuronal health4–7, we hypothesized that loss of myelin integrity could be an upstream risk factor for neuronal amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, the central neuropathological hallmark of AD. Here we identify genetic pathways of myelin dysfunction and demyelinating injuries as potent drivers of amyloid deposition in mouse models of AD. Mechanistically, myelin dysfunction causes the accumulation of the Aβ-producing machinery within axonal swellings and increases the cleavage of cortical amyloid precursor protein. Suprisingly, AD mice with dysfunctional myelin lack plaque-corralling microglia despite an overall increase in their numbers. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomics of AD mouse models with myelin defects show that there is a concomitant induction of highly similar but distinct disease-associated microglia signatures specific to myelin damage and amyloid plaques, respectively. Despite successful induction, amyloid disease-associated microglia (DAM) that usually clear amyloid plaques are apparently distracted to nearby myelin damage. Our data suggest a working model whereby age-dependent structural defects of myelin promote Aβ plaque formation directly and indirectly and are therefore an upstream AD risk factor. Improving oligodendrocyte health and myelin integrity could be a promising target to delay development and slow progression of AD.
Pan-KRAS inhibitor disables oncogenic signalling and tumour growth
Authors: Kim Dongsung , Herdeis Lorenz , Rudolph Dorothea , Zhao Yulei , Böttcher Jark , Vides Alberto , Ayala-Santos Carlos I. , Pourfarjam Yasin , Cuevas-Navarro Antonio , Xue Jenny Y. , Mantoulidis Andreas , Bröker Joachim , Wunberg Tobias , Schaaf Otmar , Popow Johannes , Wolkerstorfer Bernhard , Kropatsch Katrin Gabriele , Qu Rui , de Stanchina Elisa , Sang Ben , Li Chuanchuan , McConnell Darryl B. , Kraut Norbert , Lito Piro
Published: May 2023

KRAS is one of the most commonly mutated proteins in cancer, and efforts to directly inhibit its function have been continuing for decades. The most successful of these has been the development of covalent allele-specific inhibitors that trap KRAS G12C in its inactive conformation and suppress tumour growth in patients1–7. Whether inactive-state selective inhibition can be used to therapeutically target non-G12C KRAS mutants remains under investigation. Here we report the discovery and characterization of a non-covalent inhibitor that binds preferentially and with high affinity to the inactive state of KRAS while sparing NRAS and HRAS. Although limited to only a few amino acids, the evolutionary divergence in the GTPase domain of RAS isoforms was sufficient to impart orthosteric and allosteric constraints for KRAS selectivity. The inhibitor blocked nucleotide exchange to prevent the activation of wild-type KRAS and a broad range of KRAS mutants, including G12A/C/D/F/V/S, G13C/D, V14I, L19F, Q22K, D33E, Q61H, K117N and A146V/T. Inhibition of downstream signalling and proliferation was restricted to cancer cells harbouring mutant KRAS, and drug treatment suppressed KRAS mutant tumour growth in mice, without having a detrimental effect on animal weight. Our study suggests that most KRAS oncoproteins cycle between an active state and an inactive state in cancer cells and are dependent on nucleotide exchange for activation. Pan-KRAS inhibitors, such as the one described here, have broad therapeutic implications and merit clinical investigation in patients with KRAS-driven cancers.
In situ tumour arrays reveal early environmental control of cancer immunity
Authors: Ortiz-Muñoz Guadalupe , Brown Markus , Carbone Catherine B. , Pechuan-Jorge Ximo , Rouilly Vincent , Lindberg Henrik , Ritter Alex T. , Raghupathi Gautham , Sun Qianbo , Nicotra Tess , Mantri Shreya R. , Yang Angela , Doerr Jonas , Nagarkar Deepti , Darmanis Spyros , Haley Benjamin , Mariathasan Sanjeev , Wang Yulei , Gomez-Roca Carlos , de Andrea Carlos Eduardo , Spigel David , Wu Thomas , Delamarre Lelia , Schöneberg Johannes , Modrusan Zora , Price Richard , Turley Shannon J. , Mellman Ira , Moussion Christine
Published: May 2023

The immune phenotype of a tumour is a key predictor of its response to immunotherapy1–4. Patients who respond to checkpoint blockade generally present with immune-inflamed5–7 tumours that are highly infiltrated by T cells. However, not all inflamed tumours respond to therapy, and even lower response rates occur among tumours that lack T cells (immune desert) or that spatially exclude T cells to the periphery of the tumour lesion (immune excluded)8. Despite the importance of these tumour immune phenotypes in patients, little is known about their development, heterogeneity or dynamics owing to the technical difficulty of tracking these features in situ. Here we introduce skin tumour array by microporation (STAMP)—a preclinical approach that combines high-throughput time-lapse imaging with next-generation sequencing of tumour arrays. Using STAMP, we followed the development of thousands of arrayed tumours in vivo to show that tumour immune phenotypes and outcomes vary between adjacent tumours and are controlled by local factors within the tumour microenvironment. Particularly, the recruitment of T cells by fibroblasts and monocytes into the tumour core was supportive of T cell cytotoxic activity and tumour rejection. Tumour immune phenotypes were dynamic over time and an early conversion to an immune-inflamed phenotype was predictive of spontaneous or therapy-induced tumour rejection. Thus, STAMP captures the dynamic relationships of the spatial, cellular and molecular components of tumour rejection and has the potential to translate therapeutic concepts into successful clinical strategies.
Effects of the order of exposure to antimicrobials on the incidence of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Yasuda Nami , Fujita Tomoko , Fujioka Takahiro , Tagawa Mei , Kohira Naoki , Torimaru Kensho , Shiota Sumiko , Kumagai Takanori , Morita Daichi , Ogawa Wakano , Tsuchiya Tomofusa , Kuroda Teruo
Published: May 2023

Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP) is one of the most important pathogens in clinical practice. To clarify the mechanisms contributing to its emergence, we isolated MDRPs using the P. aeruginosa PAO1, the whole genome sequence of which has already been elucidated. Mutant strains resistant to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and new quinolones, which are used to treat P. aeruginosa infections, were isolated; however, none met the criteria for MDRPs. Then, PAO1 strains were exposed to these antimicrobial agents in various orders and the appearance rate of MDRP varied depending on the order of exposure; MDRPs more frequently appeared when gentamicin was applied before ciprofloxacin, but were rarely isolated when ciprofloxacin was applied first. Exposure to ciprofloxacin followed by gentamicin increased the expression of MexCD-OprJ, an RND-type multidrug efflux pump, due to the NfxB mutation. In contrast, exposure to gentamicin followed by ciprofloxacin resulted in more mutations in DNA gyrase. These results suggest that the type of quinolone resistance mechanism is related to the frequency of MDRP and that the risk of MDRP incidence is highly dependent on the order of exposure to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin.
Compact high-resolution FBG strain interrogator based on laser-written 3D scattering structure in flat optical fiber
Authors: Falak Przemyslaw , Lee Timothy , Zahertar Shahrzad , Shi Bo , Moog Bruno , Brambilla Gilberto , Holmes Christopher , Beresna Martynas
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain interrogator based on a scattering medium to generate stable and deterministic speckle patterns, calibrated with applied strain, which are highly dependent on the FBG back-reflection spectral components. The strong wavelength-dependency of speckle patterns was previously used for high resolution wavemeters where scattering effectively folds the optical path, but instability makes practical realization of such devices difficult. Here, a new approach is demonstrated by utilizing femtosecond laser-written scatterers inside flat optical fiber, to enhance mechanical stability. By inscribing 15 planes of pseudo-randomized nanovoids (714 $$\times$$
×
 500 voids per plane) as a 3D array in a 1 $$\times$$
×
 0.7 $$\times$$
×
 0.16 mm volume, the intrinsic stability and compactness of the device was improved. Operating as a wavemeter, it remained stable for at least 60 h with 45 pm resolution over the wavelength range of 1040–1056 nm. As a reflection mode FBG interrogator, after calibrating speckle patterns by applying tensile strain to the FBG, the device is capable of detecting microstrain changes in the range of 0–200 $$\mu \epsilon$$

μ
ϵ

with a standard error of 4 $$\mu \epsilon$$

μ
ϵ

, limited by the translation stage step size. All these characteristics make it an interesting technology for filling the niche of low-cost, high-resolution wavemeters and interrogators which offer the best available trade-off between resolution, compactness, price and stability.
Low energy nebulization preserves integrity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines for respiratory delivery
Authors: van Rijn Cees J. M. , Vlaming Killian E. , Bem Reinout A. , Dekker Rob J. , Poortinga Albert , Breit Timo , van Leeuwen Selina , Ensink Wim A. , van Wijnbergen Kelly , van Hamme John L. , Bonn Daniel , Geijtenbeek Teunis B. H.
Published: May 2023

Nebulization of mRNA therapeutics can be used to directly target the respiratory tract. A promising prospect is that mucosal administration of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based mRNA vaccines may lead to a more efficient protection against respiratory viruses. However, the nebulization process can rupture the LNP vehicles and degrade the mRNA molecules inside. Here we present a novel nebulization method able to preserve substantially the integrity of vaccines, as tested with two SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. We compare the new method with well-known nebulization methods used for medical respiratory applications. We find that a lower energy level in generating LNP droplets using the new nebulization method helps safeguard the integrity of the LNP and vaccine. By comparing nebulization techniques with different energy dissipation levels we find that LNPs and mRNAs can be kept largely intact if the energy dissipation remains below a threshold value, for LNP integrity 5–10 J/g and for mRNA integrity 10–20 J/g for both vaccines.
Assisted damage closure and healing in soft robots by shape memory alloy wires
Authors: Kashef Tabrizian Seyedreza , Terryn Seppe , Cornellà Aleix Costa , Brancart Joost , Legrand Julie , Van Assche Guy , Vanderborght Bram
Published: May 2023

Self-healing soft robots show enormous potential to recover functional performance after healing the damages. However, healing in these systems is limited by the recontact of the fracture surfaces. This paper presents for the first time a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire-reinforced soft bending actuator made out of a castor oil-based self-healing polymer, with the incorporated ability to recover from large incisions via shape memory assisted healing. The integrated SMA wires serve three major purposes; (i) Large incisions are closed by contraction of the current-activated SMA wires that are integrated into the chamber. These pull the fracture surfaces into contact, enabling the healing. (ii) The heat generated during the activation of the SMA wires is synergistically exploited for accelerating the healing. (iii) Lastly, during pneumatic actuation, the wires constrain radial expansion and one-side longitudinal extension of the soft chamber, effectuating the desired actuator bending motion. This novel approach of healing is studied via mechanical and ultrasound tests on the specimen level, as well as via bending characterization of the pneumatic robot in multiple damage healing cycles. This technology allows soft robots to become more independent in terms of their self-healing capabilities from human intervention.
Mitigating neutrophil trafficking and cardiotoxicity with DS–IkL in a microphysiological system of a cytokine storm
Authors: Shirure Venktesh S. , Yechikov Sergey , Shergill Bhupinder S. , Dehghani Tima , Block Anton V. , Sodhi Harkanwalpreet , Panitch Alyssa , George Steven C.
Published: May 2023

We created a vascularized cardiac tissue-chip system to study the impact of cytokine storm-like conditions and tested the effectiveness of a novel multivalent selectin-targeting conjugate to block infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN).
A synthetic cycle for iminophosphorane synthesis involving direct intermolecular NP bond formation on N2-derived molybdenum nitride
Authors: Jin Li , Zhang Guoqiang , Yang Xiaoqin , Song Jinyi , Wang Jin , Liao Qian
Published: May 2023

Phosphine abstracts the N atom, regenerating the Mo fragment to split the N2again.
B(C6F5)3-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective thiosulfonylation of terminal alkynes with thiosulfonates
Authors: Qin Wenjie , Ni Qian , Jiao Wenjun , Ma Yuanhong
Published: May 2023

Herein, we report a B(C6F5)3-catalyzed highly regio- and stereoselective thiosulfonylation of terminal alkynes with thiosulfonates to access diverse (E)-(β)-arylthiolvinyl sulfones.
Small molecule activation by well-defined compounds of heavy p-block elements
Authors: Oberdorf Kai , Lichtenberg Crispin
Published: May 2023

Recent advances in the activation of small molecules with well-defined molecular compounds of heavy p-block elements (with a principle quantum number ofn> 4) are summarized, highlighting key strategies, challenges, and opportunities.
Zr-MOF membranes with ultra-fast water-selective permeation towards intensification of esterification reaction
Authors: Liu Guozhen , Wang Zhenggang , Chen Cailing , Li Jiahui , Zhou Guangyuan , Ji Wenqi , Liu Gongping , Jin Wanqin
Published: May 2023

Zr-MOF membranes for removing water from organic solvents (ethyl acetate, ethanol, acetic acid) existing in esterification reaction.
Capturing CO2 by ceria and ceria–zirconia nanomaterials of different origin
Authors: Panayotov D. , Zdravkova V. , Lagunov O. , Andonova S. , Spassova I. , Nihtianova D. , Atanasova G. , Drenchev N. , Ivanova E. , Mihaylov M. , Hadjiivanov K.
Published: May 2023

Ceria and ceria–zirconia nanomaterials of different origin were studied in order to elucidate the role of their structural and textural characteristics in controlling the performance towards CO2 capture.
Exploring mechanochemical reactions at the nanoscale: theory versus experiment
Authors: Hopper Nicholas , Sidoroff François , Rana Resham , Bavisotto Robert , Cayer-Barrioz Juliette , Mazuyer Denis , Tysoe Wilfred T.
Published: May 2023

Mechanochemical reaction kinetics which are calculated using the steepest-descent pathway yield results that agree well with experiment for the normal-stress-induced decomposition of methyl thiolate on Cu(100).
Description of quantum interference using mixed quantum/classical theory of inelastic scattering
Authors: Bostan Dulat , Mandal Bikramaditya , Joy Carolin , Babikov Dmitri
Published: May 2023

Quantum oscillations of total scattering cross section in the N2 + O system are well reproduced by MOLSCAT and MQCT calculations.
Nuclear quantum and H/D isotope effects on intramolecular hydrogen bond in curcumin
Authors: Udagawa Taro , Yabushita Hinata , Tanaka Hikaru , Kuwahata Kazuaki , Tachikawa Masanori
Published: May 2023

Low-barrier hydrogen bond in curcumin and hemicurcuminoids are studied. Path integral molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the correlation between the proton migration and the reorganization of the π-delocalized structure is not so strong.
Molecular assembly with a figure-of-eight nanohoop as a strategy for the collection and stabilization of cyclo[18]carbon
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Wang Xia , Lu Tian , Wang Jiaojiao , Yan Xiufen , Wu Yang , Xu Jingbo
Published: May 2023

The recently synthesized novel figure-of-eight nanohoop with two strained oligoparaphenylenes (OPPs) was theoretically designed to collect and stabilize new allotropic carbon cyclo[18]carbon (C18) through molecular assembly.
GO nanosheets decorated with SnS nanoparticles: excellent photocatalytic performance under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Kharatzadeh Elham , Khademalrasool Marzieh
Published: May 2023

In this study, pristine SnS and SnS/reduced graphene oxide nanostructures were synthesized using a simple and cheap co-precipitation method.
Effect of depth of discharge (DOD) on cycling in situ formed Li anodes
Authors: Lee Kiwoong , Sakamoto Jeff
Published: May 2023

This study demonstrates that the stability of cycling in situ Li anodes depends on their depth of discharge (DOD). High DOD cycling results in unstable performance due to the accumulation of interfacial degradation at Li/LLZO interfaces.
What does it mean that “something is green”? The fundamentals of a Unified Greenness Theory
Authors: Nowak Paweł Mateusz
Published: May 2023

Proposal of a general theory of greenness, connecting all chemical disciplines and not only; the description of basic concepts and relationships.
Cell-free systems for biosynthesis: towards a sustainable and economical approach
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Wajid , Manan Sehrish , Ul-Islam Mazhar , Khattak Waleed Ahmad , Khan Khalid Ali , Liu Jun , Yang Guang , Sun Jianzhong
Published: May 2023

The advent of modern technologies has inspired biotechnologists to shift towardsin vitroapproaches that utilize cell-free environments for the generation of biochemicals and biomaterials.
Synthesis of AuPt/graphene quantum dots nanocomposites for determination of glucose by photoluminescence spectroscopy
Authors: Viet Thieu Quang Quoc , Thanh Huynh Phuoc , Khoi Do Minh , Thi Kieu Trinh Tran , My Ngo Nguyen Tra , Pham Toan Duy , Vu Thanh Luong Huynh , Tran-Nguyen Phuong Lan , Quyen Tran Thi Bich
Published: May 2023

In this study, a novel material, AuPt/graphene quantum dot nanocomposites (AuPt/GQDs NCPs), that have unique optical properties were successfully synthesized.
Correction: A hollow urchin-like metal–organic framework with Ni–O-cluster SBUs as a promising electrode for an alkaline battery–supercapacitor device
Authors: Chen Tianqi , Bian Sujuan , Yang Xutian , Lu Wenjie , Wang Kuaibing , Guo Yuxuan , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Qichun
Published: May 2023

Correction for ‘A hollow urchin-like metal–organic framework with Ni–O-cluster SBUs as a promising electrode for an alkaline battery–supercapacitor device’ by Tianqi Chen et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2023, 10, 2380–2386, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3QI00123G.
Correction: Highly active spherical amorphous MoS2: facile synthesis and application in photocatalytic degradation of rose bengal dye and hydrogenation of nitroarenes
Authors: Saha Namrata , Sarkar Arpita , Ghosh Abhisek Brata , Dutta Amit Kumar , Bhadu Gopala Ram , Paul Parimal , Adhikary Bibhutosh
Published: May 2023

Correction for ‘Highly active spherical amorphous MoS2: facile synthesis and application in photocatalytic degradation of rose bengal dye and hydrogenation of nitroarenes’ by Namrata Saha et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 88848–88856, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA19442C.
Restoration of the gut barrier integrity and restructuring of the gut microbiome in aging by angiotensin-(1–7)
Authors: Chittimalli Kishore , Jahan Jesmin , Sakamuri Anil , McAdams Zachary L. , Ericsson Aaron C. , Jarajapu Yagna P.R.
Published: May 2023

Compromised barrier function of colon epithelium with aging is largely due to gut microbial dysbiosis. Recent studies implicate an important role for angiotensin converting enzymes, ACE and ACE2, angiotensins, and the receptors, AT1 receptor (AT1R) and Mas receptor (MasR), in the regulation of colon functions. The present study tested the hypothesis that leaky gut in aging is associated with an imbalance in ACE2/ACE and that the treatment with angiotenisn-(1–7) (Ang-(1–7)) will restore gut barrier integrity and microbiome. Studies were carried out in Young (3–4 months) and old (20–24 months) male mice. Ang-(1–7) was administered by using osmotic pumps. Outcome measures included expressions of ACE, ACE2, AT1R, and MasR, intestinal permeability by using FITC-dextran, and immunohistochemistry of claudin 1 and occludin, and intestinal stem cells (ISCs). ACE2 protein and activity were decreased in Old group while that of ACE were unchanged. Increased intestinal permeability and plasma levels of zonulin-1 in the Old group were normalized by Ang-(1–7). Epithelial disintegrity, reduced number of goblet cells and ISCs in the old group were restored by Ang-(1–7). Expression of claudin 1 and occludin in the aging colon was increased by Ang-(1–7). Infiltration of CD11b+ or F4/80+ inflammatory cells in the old colons were decreased by Ang-(1–7). Gut microbial dysbiosis in aging was evident by decreased richness and altered beta diversity that were reversed by Ang-(1–7) with increased abundance of Lactobacillus or Lachnospiraceae. The present study shows that Ang-(1–7) restores gut barrier integrity and reduces inflammation in the aging colon by restoring the layer of ISCs and by restructuring the gut microbiome.
Hearing Impairment, Mental Health Services Use, and Perceived Unmet Needs Among Adults With Serious Mental Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xie Zhigang , Tanner Rebecca , Striley Catherine L. , Sheffield Sterling W. , Marlow Nicole M.
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

Individuals with hearing impairment have higher risks of mental illnesses. We sought to develop a richer understanding of how the presence of any hearing impairment affects three types (prescription medication, outpatient services, and inpatient services) of mental health services utilization (MHSU) and perceived unmet needs for mental health care; also, we aimed to identify sociodemographic factors associated with outpatient mental health services use among those with hearing impairment and discuss potential implications under the U.S. health care system.

Method:

Using secondary data from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, our study included U.S. adults aged ≥ 18 years who reported serious mental illnesses (SMIs) in the past year. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations of hearing impairment with MHSU and perceived unmet mental health care needs.

Results:

The study sample comprised 12,541 adults with SMIs. Prevalence of MHSU (medication: 55.5% vs. 57.5%; outpatient: 37.1% vs. 44.2%; inpatient: 6.6% vs.7.1%) and unmet needs for mental health care (47.5% vs. 43.3%) were estimated among survey respondents who reported hearing impairment and those who did not, respectively. Those with hearing impairment were significantly less likely to report outpatient MHSU (OR= 0.73, 95% CI [0.60, 0.90]).

Conclusions:

MHSU was low while perceived unmet needs for mental health care were high among individuals with SMIs, regardless of hearing status. In addition, patients with hearing impairment were significantly less likely to report outpatient MHSU than their counterparts. Enhancing communication is essential to improve access to mental health care for those with hearing impairment.
Collective fabrication of guided longitudinal SAW resonator without Bragg grating mirror
Authors: Baron Thomas , Oliveri Stefania , Richard Thomas , Soumann Valerie , Belharet Djaffar , Robert Laurent , Raschetti Marina , Salut Roland , Courjon Emilie , Laroche Thierry , Bernard Florent , Clairet Alexandre , Ballandras Sylvain
Published: May 2023

This Research article document discussed about a new structure composed of a sub‐micron‐thick layer of a single‐crystal piezoelectric material on a substrate. Longitudinal waves are used for experimental demonstration with 4’’ collective processes. Electrical experimental–computation validate the concept with Q × f products near 1012.
Classification method for multiple power quality disturbances via label distribution enhancement and multi‐granular feature optimization
Authors: Ruan Zihang , Hu Wenxi , Ma Xing , Xiao Xianyong , Lei Lei , Liu Huizi
Published: May 2023

Large‐scale integration of distributed generation and widespread use of power electronic equipment make power quality disturbances (PQDs) more complicated. There are still unsolved problems for the classification of multiple power quality disturbances (MPQDs) that consist of various kinds of single disturbances: (1) since the difference between the contribution degrees of every contained single disturbance to the composite disturbance is ignored, the logical labels cannot completely describe the composite disturbance; (2) the optimal feature in one granular space may not be optimal in another. These drawbacks lead to the degradation of MPQD classification, which should be considered a multi‐label model rather than single‐label model used in existing methods. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method to improve the classification performance of MPQDs. The label distribution, representing the contribution degree of a single disturbance to the composite disturbance, is introduced. In addition, the high‐dimensional feature space is reduced by multigranular optimization, where the fuzziness and redundancy are removed by the modified rough‐set method. To improve the performance of the classifier, the ensemble classification model based on homogeneous classifier integration is proposed to integrate the base classifiers constructed by the feature vectors from different granularity spaces. A large number of field recordings are applied to validate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method performs better than traditional methods, especially under noisy environments.
Scalable multi‐site photovoltaic power forecasting based on stream computing
Authors: Sun Yuxi , Yu Heyang , Geng Guangchao , Chen Changyu , Jiang Quanyuan
Published: May 2023

Photovoltaic (PV) is essential for global carbon neutrality, it is imperative to forecast PV generation accurately for power operation. With the rapid growth of distributed PV sites, a scalable cloud service tends to play a vital role in PV forecasting to address the increasing cost of computing resources and data subscriptions. Such a scheme creates a possibility to further enhance forecasting performance by re‐using forecasting model, data, and computing resources all in the cloud. In order to achieve this goal, this work proposes a multi‐site PV forecasting system design with a message queue (MQ) and stream computing engine, where a hybrid neural network model is trained and continuously updated using real‐time data. A performance benchmark with up to 60 sites served simultaneously was performed to verify the scalability of the stream computing based approach. Moreover, after incremental updating of the forecasting model, a decrease in normalized root mean square error and normalized mean absolute error of PV forecasting were observed, demonstrating that better short‐term forecasting accuracy was achieved.
A tectonic model for the juxtaposition of granulite- and amphibolite-facies rocks in the Eburnean orogenic belt (Sassandra-Cavally domain, Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Koffi Augustin Yao , Baratoux Lenka , Pitra Pavel , Kouamelan Alain Nicaise , Vanderhaeghe Olivier , Thébaud Nicolas , Bruguier Olivier , Block Sylvain , Fossou Kouadio Hervé Jean-Luc , Kone Jacques
Published: May 2023

The Sassandra-Cavally (SASCA) domain (SW Côte d’Ivoire) marks the transition between the Archean Kenema-Man craton and the Paleoproterozoic (Rhyacian) Baoule-Mossi domain. It is characterized by the tectonic juxtaposition of granulite-facies and amphibolite-facies rocks. Migmatitic grey gneisses, garnet–cordierite–sillimanite migmatitic paragneisses and garnet–staurolite-bearing micaschists reached peak pressure conditions ranging from ∼ 6.6 kbar at 620 °C to ∼ 10 kbar at 820 °C. These conditions are associated with the first recorded deformation D1and correspond to a Barrovian geothermal gradient of ∼ 25 °C/km. Subsequent exhumation, associated with a second deformation D2, was marked by decompression followed by cooling along apparent geothermal gradients of ∼ 40 °C/km. A D3deformation phase is marked by folding and local transposition of the regional S1/S2foliation into E-W trending shear zones. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating of monazite, which displays complex internal structures, reveals four age groups correlated to textural position of monazite grains and analytical points: (1) rare relictual zones yield dates at the Archean-Paleoproterozoic transition (ca. 2400–2600 Ma); (2) a cluster of dates centered at ca. 2037 Ma on grains aligned along the S2foliation of the migmatitic grey gneiss, attributed to D2; (3) a cluster of dates centered at ca. 2000 Ma, and (4) dates spreading from ca. 1978 to 1913 Ma, documented for the first time in the West African Craton monazites. The ages of the latter two groups are similar to the ones identified in the Guiana Shield, and could be attributed to a disturbance by fluids, to a periodic opening of U–Pb system or to an episodic crystallization of monazite during slow cooling lasting several tens of Myrs. These data allow to propose a model for the tectonic evolution of the SASCA domain at the contact between the Rhyacian Baoule-Mossi domain and the Archean Kenema-Man nucleus whereby crustal thickening is achieved by crustal-scale folding and is followed by and concomitant with lateral flow of the thickened partially molten crust accommodated by regional transcurrent shear zones. This combination of crustal thickening controlled by tectonic forces and gravity-driven flow leads to the juxtaposition of granulite- and amphibolite-facies rocks.
Experimental measurement of turbulent aerosol jet characteristics
Authors: Goltsman Anna
Published: May 2023

The fields of vector velocity components and their turbulent pulsations of aerosol jets at low Reynolds numbers have been measured experimentally by an optical method. Smoke image velocimetry (SIV) technique based on digital processing of images with high particle concentration has been employed to obtain results quantitatively and qualitatively compared with direct numerical simulation results.
Effect of plastic elements thickness on colour transmission intensity with light behind
Authors: Dryukova Anna , Komkova Tatyana
Published: May 2023

This article looks into the possibility of transmitting different colours in 3D-printed lamps using different thicknesses of plastic. During this work, an experimental stand was created to review the quality, structure, colour and translucency of printed elements. The analysis of decorative properties of plastic depending on the environment and colour was carried out. The colour was determined and such characteristics of the coating as colour, saturation, purity were calculated.
An approach to the digital transformation of industry based on the basic abstraction of the representation of the mechanism of action
Authors: Sviridov Aleksandr , Grishenko Andrey , Kucherova Margarita , Lapshina Karina
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to the development of methods that provide an effective transition to digitalization of industry. The proposed approach is aimed at developing a basic abstraction to describe the activities performed by employees at the enterprise. The proposed description is formed for the purpose of further analysis and selection of digitalization tools in accordance with the identified functional needs. The structure of the basic abstraction of describing the organization of an action in the form of a mechanism is proposed, the composition of the components of the mechanism in the form of elements, functions, tools, goals and results of the action is described. A graphical form of displaying the spatial representation of the mechanism of action has been developed. Approaches to the objectification of the organization of an action reflecting the process of preparing an action, including the representation of the components of an action in the form of nested mechanisms, are considered. The direction of further research in this area is to develop a methodology for describing activities as an interconnected set of actions of individual users, as well as a procedure for assessing compliance between the activities of an enterprise and existing or developing systems for digitalizing its work. Another area of research may be the formation of functional requirements for the design of an information system for a specific enterprise, taking into account all the details and logic of the performance of production activities. The development of the proposed approach can become the basis for increasing the efficiency of the realization of digital technologies into the industry activities of enterprises and reducing the costs of implementing this process.