bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting Physician/Attorney Collaboration on Behalf of Older Individuals: The Contribution of Medical School Regional Campuses
Authors: Turner Gregory , Kapp Marshall B.
Published: January 2018

There are many situations in which an older person needs the services of both an attorney and a physician and communication and collaboration between members of those two professions would be highly advantageous to the older patient/client’s well-being.  Unfortunately, the record of physician/attorney interprofessional collaboration on behalf of the shared older patient/client in such circumstances too often is deficient and needs to be improved.  This article reports on a project designed to maximize the synergistic value of physicians as patient advocates and attorneys as problem solvers when the two professions work together.   The project consisted of several components, culminating in the availability of a continuing education toolkit for these two helping professions that identifies and aims to overcome an array of potential impediments inhibiting effective physician/attorney collaboration in the aging arena.  One project component featured here focuses on the contribution of the Florida State University College of Medicine’s Regional Campuses in carrying out the described project.

 

Financial support: This project was supported by Retirement Research Foundation Grant #2015-121 to the Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc.

Human Subjects: This project was approved and reapproved by the Florida State University Human Subjects Committee, HSC No. 2017.20466.
Why the Journal of Regional Medical Campuses? Why now?
Authors: Termuhlen Paula M. , Johns Alan
Published: January 2018

There has never been a better time for us to start a journal that reflects the innovation and flexibility of the regional medical campus.  For those of us who serve on regional campuses in the roles of faculty, staff, administrators, and students, we know why we came, who we are and what we do.  However, for many in the medical education community, little is known about the 115 regional campuses in the United States and Canada.
The Role of Non-Physician Health Care Professionals in the Education of Medical Students at Satellite Campuses
Authors: Lien Kelly , Kays-Sommer Jennifer , Bite Alexandra , Ladha Zamin , Roeper Rhiana , Costa Andrew
Published: January 2018

Phenomenon: Satellite campuses of medical schools in Canada introduce smaller communities to new medical learners. Non-physician health care professionals (NPHCPs) in regional hospitals may have had little prior exposure to learners. Lack of clarity regarding the role of the medical student is a barrier that hinders interprofessional collaboration. The purpose of this project was to examine the educational relationship between students and NPHCPs in regional hospitals.

Approach: Surveys were distributed to NPHCPs of various disciplines at two community hospitals in Waterloo Region. A second survey was distributed to medical students attending a satellite medical campus of McMaster University.  

Findings: Surveys completed by 141 NPHCPs identified the following themes: frequent student interaction, no orientation to students, uncertainty of roles, willingness to teach, and barriers to teaching. Student surveys demonstrated frequent interactions, lack of familiarity of their role by NPHCPs at regional hospitals, desire to learn from NPHCPs, and specific teachable procedures. 

Insights: NPHCPs and medical students agree that interprofessional medical education can improve patient care, communication and the quality of education. While there is interest in involving NPHCPs in teaching, orienting NPHCPs to the roles of students in regional hospitals may improve relationships and allow informal teaching opportunities.

 

Funding: This work was supported by the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University.
Promoting Scholarship at Regional Medical Campuses
Authors: Cathcart-Rake William , Robinson Michael
Published: January 2018

Multiple regional medical campuses (RMCs) have been established in North America as part of the effort to train physicians in locations geographically removed from the main medical school campus. RMCs may vary in size, geographic location and mission from the main campus, but scholarly activity by faculty and students is expected and should be promoted on all campuses. If the definition of scholarship is limited to research demonstrated by publication, and academic recognition and advancement is largely based on this criterion, faculty at the RMC who fail to participate may be at a disadvantage. Thus, in addition to expanding research opportunities at the RMC, it is argued that the definition of scholarship needs to be expanded to recognize the accomplishments of RMC faculty. RMC students must also be introduced to biomedical research principles and provided opportunities to engage in scholarly pursuits. Documented participation in scholarly activity may be necessary to make the student more competitive for residency positions. The authors review an expanded definition of scholarship, present an approach to promote faculty and student scholarship, and describe achievable options for scholarly activity on the RMC.
Esthetic Nasolabial Angle according to the Degree of Upper Lip Protrusion in an Asian Population
Authors: Choi So Young , Kim Su Jin , Lee Ho Yun , Chang Dong Sik , Choi Myoung Su
Published: January 2018

Background

The positioning of the nasal tip is as esthetically important as the tip projection when rhinoplasty is being considered. It is not uncommon for Asians to have a protruding upper lip and teeth that affect the nasolabial angle (NLA). This study aimed to find the preferred NLA according to the degree of upper lip protrusion in an Asian population.

Methods

A left-side lateral photograph of each participant was used for simulation of six different tip angles by using a photoshop program. First, the angles of the upper lip protrusion were changed into 10, 20, and 30° by a perpendicular line to the Frankfort line in each image; then, the NLAs were changed into six different angles (from 75 to 110°) for each of the three angles of upper lip protrusion for each model. Newly transformed images of nasal tips, six for the male model and six for the female model, were made by using presentation software slides and were placed in a random order. Then, 120 Korean raters were asked to choose the most preferred image from among the slides.

Results

In 10° of upper lip protrusion, the preferred mean ± standard deviation (SD) NLAs for the male and female models were 88.7 ± 6.4° and 92.9 ± 6.9°, respectively. In 20° of upper lip protrusion, the preferred mean ± SD NLAs for the male and female models were 80.9 ± 6.9° and 83.9 ± 5.7°, respectively. In 30° of upper lip protrusion, the preferred mean ± SD NLAs for the male and female models were 78.4 ± 5.5° and 79.0 ± 5.4°, respectively.

Conclusion

In an Asian population, the preferred NLA was changed to a more acute angle according to the degree of upper lip protrusion.
Using the Nasoseptal Flap for Reconstruction after Endoscopic Debridement of Radionecrosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Ryu Gwanghui , So Yoon Kyoung , Seo Min Young , Park Woori , Kim Hyo Yeol , Dhong Hun-Jong , Chung Seung-Kyu , Hong Sang Duk
Published: January 2018

Background

Radionecrosis is a complication of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) that is difficult to treat. Endoscopic debridement is the first-line treatment for radionecrosis. After debridement, however, either bone or the internal carotid artery is exposed and requires mucosal coverage.

Objectives

This study sought to demonstrate the effectiveness of a nasoseptal flap (NSF) after endoscopic debridement of radionecrosis in the reconstruction ofnasopharyngeal or skull base defects.

Methods

Nine patients with NPC who underwent navigation-guided endoscopic debridement, followed by NSF reconstruction between April 2013 and July 2016, were included. The patients' clinical features and outcomes were evaluated.

Results

All nine patients had headaches, and eight had a foul odor associated with their radionecrosis. One patient underwent three radiotherapy treatments, four had two treatments, and the remaining four had just one treatment. The foul odor disappeared after treatment in all the patients who had been affected. The headache was significantly reduced after treatment in all patients. The NSF detached in two patients. In one patient, NSF failed, and the patient experienced postoperative rupture of the internal carotid artery. In the seven other patients, the NSF successfully covered the resultant defects, despite one intraoperative internal carotid artery rupture. Only two patients required further debridement, whereas the others experienced complete healing after just one surgical procedure. The nasopharyngeal surface was healthy-appearing in eight patients (median follow-up, median 11 months).

Conclusion

Reconstruction by using NSF after endoscopic debridement for radionecrosis of NPC allowed for faster healing and reduced the need for further debridement.
Comparison between Endoscopic and External Dacryocystorhinostomy by Using the Lacrimal Symptom Questionnaire: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wong Wai Keat , Dean Simon , Nair Salii
Published: January 2018

Background

Epiphora has a significant impact on the patient's quality of life and is commonly caused by nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has traditionally been performed via an external approach, which involves a skin incision. With the advent of endoscopes, the endonasal approach to DCR has gained significant popularity.

Method

To prospectively compare the quality of life of adult patients who underwent either an endonasal or an external DCR for acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction, the Lacrimal Symptom Questionnaire (Lac-Q) was administered before and after surgery. The treatment group assignment was nonrandom and performed based on patient preference. The Lac-Q is a validated questionnaire that assesses the subjective perception of one's well-being from an eye-specific symptom and social impact standpoint. Total scores range from 0 (no concerns) to 33 (maximal degree of ocular symptoms and social impact).

Results

Sixty patients (22 in the endonasal group, 38 in the external group) were recruited between January 1, 2014, and January 1, 2016. Postoperative assessment was performed at 3 and 6 months. Patients who underwent external DCR reported a median 7.0–point improvement (interquartile range [IQR], 3.0–11.0) in total Lac-Q scores. A 12.0–point improvement (IQR, 10.0–18.5) was seen in the endonasal group (p = 0.005). The median change in the social impact score was 3.0 and 4.0 in the external group and the endoscopic group, respectively (p = 0.029). Changes in the median lacrimal symptom score were 4.0 in the external group and 8.0 in the endoscopic group (p = 0.014). The anatomic patency rate was lower in the external group (60.0%) when compared with the endonasal group (90.4%). Patients in the external DCR group were significantly older (median age, 51 versus 41 years).

Conclusion

Our study indicated that both endonasal and external DCR can lead to improvement in quality of life by using a validated questionnaire. Although there are differences in age and anatomic success rates between the two groups, subgroup analyses indicated that the differences in the Lac-Q scores persisted when age and anatomic patency were removed as potential confounding factors. Further larger, randomized studies would be helpful.
Assessing the Onset of Allergic Rhinitis by Nasal Cytology and Immunoglobulin E Antibody Levels in Children
Authors: Otsuka Hirokuni , Otsuka Kuninori , Matsune Shoji , Okubo Kimihiro
Published: January 2018

Background

It is difficult to identify the onset of allergic rhinitis in infants because making a conclusive diagnosis can be challenging.

Objective

We used a combination of cell differentials in nasal swabs and immunoglobulin E (sIgE) antibody values to food and inhalant allergens to make the diagnosis and identify relevant allergens for investigation of the onset of allergic rhinitis.

Methods

We studied 302 children, 2 to 120 months old, who visited our clinic for rhinorrhea. Nasal swabs were taken from all children, and neutrophils (N), eosinophils (Eo), and mast cells (Mc) were identified by nasal cytology and their numbers were estimated. Levels of sIgE antibodies to various food and inhalant allergens were determined in patients with nasal Eo and Mc.

Results

Percentages of participants with Eo-Mc and Eo-Mc-N at 2–14 (n = 84), 15–24 (n = 57), 25–60 (n = 73), and 61–120 months of age (n = 88) were 20, 23, 58, and 65%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the 2–14 and 15–24, and 25–60 and 61–120 months age groups, but there was a significant difference between the 15–24 and 25–60 months age groups (p = 0.00013). The percentages of participants with sIgE antibodies to food and inhalant allergens as solitary or main allergen were 12%/0% at 2–14 months old, 10.5%/7% at 15–24 months old, 1.3%/42.4% at 25–60 months old, and 0%/56.8% at 61–120 months old, respectively with a significant difference between 15–24 and 25–60 months old groups (p = 0.00025) for inhalant allergens.

Conclusion

Allergic rhinitis associated with inhalant allergens in infants <15 months of age is rare, but it is tempting to postulate that symptoms of rhinitis in these infants may be associated with sIgE antibodies to food allergens. Transition of sIgE responses from food to inhalant allergens occurred after 15 months of age, and sIgE antibodies to inhalant allergens were predominant after 25 months.
Studies on soil quality indices and agricultural functionality potentials of Ariara Market Solid Waste Dumpsite Aba, Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Chinyere G. C. , K. U. Osuocha O. R. Chima Ezika,
Published: January 2018

Soil physicochemical properties and selected enzyme activities were assessed at thirteen different points at a depth of 0-45cm (sample A) and 46-90cm (sample B) from Ariara Market solid waste dump site Aba, Abia State. Control samples were collected 100m away from discharge point devoid of solid waste impaction. The studied points were discharge point (DC), 4 meters away East (E1), West (W1), North (N1), and South (S1) from the center of the dumpsite and 8 meters away East (E2), West (W2), North (N2) and South (S2) from the center of the dumpsite. Results indicated an alkaline pH for all the studied points. Significantly high (p<0.05) temperatures and percentage moisture contents were also obtained at the discharge points (DC) of the dumpsite compared to control points. Similarly, dumpsite alkaline phosphatase, hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase and urease activities were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of control points at 0-45cm depth (sample A). These finding suggest that wastes from this dumpsite could be harnessed as biofertilizers for agricultural purposes.
WOMEN, WEALTH GENERATION AND PROPERTY OWNERSHIP IN TRADITIONAL SHONA CULTURE IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Makaudze Godwin
Published: January 2018

Feminist scholarship is awash with literature that strives to vindicate its position that women in general have never enjoyed status and platforms equal to those of their male counterparts in the social, economic, religious and political spheres in life. The literature bemoans the invisibility of women in matters to do with economics and property ownership. The literature further posits that women neither wielded any power nor had any platforms for the generation and accumulation of wealth or the ownership of property. Leaning on Africana Womanist theory, this paper contends that such a perception is the antithesis of what actually takes place in the Shona milieu where, traditionally, women have, not just platforms to generate and accrue personal wealth, but have also authority over the use and disposal of such wealth. Avenues for the generation and accumulation of wealth and other property by Shona women range from marriage negotiations, the institution of marriage itself as well as the family, working using oneâ€™s hands and commanding positions of leadership.
TIME AS A METAPHYSICAL DILEMMA: JOSE LUIS BORGES’ TREATMENT OF THE NATURE OF TIME IN HIS SELECTED WORKS
Authors: Mposa Tukumbeje
Published: January 2018

The  concept  of  time,  which  has  been  a  major  subject  of  study  in  various  fields,  defies  a  neat  definition.  Many  scholars  have  failed  to  define  it  in  a  manner  applicable  to  all  fields.  Generally, time can be defined as the unlimited continued progress of existence and events  in  the  past,  present  and  future,  regarded  as  a  whole.  It  is  a  measure  in  which  events  can  be  ordered  from  the  past  through  the  present  into  the  future.  Some  schools  of  thought  deny the existence of time. They argue that the present is undefined and indefinite; and the  future has no reality except as present recollection. In some of his works, Jose Luis Borges (1899–1986) describes time in a linear manner, that is to say, that humans experience time  as a series of present moments, one following the other.  The past and the future both exist  nowhere but in the human mind. Borges seems to agree with the notion that time is but a  figment of the mind. In other stories, his perception of time is circular. Thus, the focus of the  current  article  is  on  time,  which  is  a  metaphysical  dilemma,  and  Borges’  treatment  of  the   nature of time in his selected works.
PARADIGM SHIFTS IN THE PERCEPTIONS OF DEATH IN SHONA LITERARY CREATIONS
Authors: Charamba Tyanai
Published: January 2018

This article aims to establish a paradigm shift in the way Shona traditional culture perceives death and funeral proceedings and in the manner that literary creations that were published before Zimbabwe attained political independence in 1980, perceive the same aspects. The article will also establish that there has been a paradigm shift in the manner that literary creations which were published before independence and those that were published after independence treat death and funeral proceedings. Thus, the article will establish that Shona culture perceives death and funeral proceedings as painful but not as monstrous and fearsome. Although that is the case in Shona culture, those Zimbabweans of Shona expression who created literature before independence view death and funeral proceedings as both painful and monstrous. However, some literary creations, which were published after independence, treat death and funeral proceedings as neither painful nor fearsome. In fact, there is a tendency by writers of Shona expression who published literary works after independence, to treat death and funeral proceedings as if they are natural and normal occurrences. They at times depict them as if they are lucrative life experiences and proceedings. The article has been written on the understanding that the paradigm shift in the manner death and funeral proceedings are treated in literary creations is indicative of some metamorphosis that Shona culture is undergoing as politico-economic and socio-cultural conditions and circumstances change in relation to the changing eras of Zimbabwe's history.
18 DIAS - QUANDO LULA E FHC SE UNIRAM PARA CONQUISTAR O APOIO DE BUSH. RIO DE JAINERO: OBJECTIVA
Authors: Stuenkel Oliver
Published: January 2018

Book Review
THE G77+CHINA'S ROLE IN TRADE MULTILATERALISM: ADVOCATING FOR SOUTH AGENCY
Authors: Walaza Sibulele
Published: January 2018

The Group of Seventy-Seven (G77) plus China is positioned in global multilateralism as a platform for advancing the collective interests and issues of the global South in the United Nations (UN) system. For this reason, the organization has a special role to play in the multilateral trade negotiation system where groups, coalitions and alliances are crucial negotiation levers for individual countries. On this basis, the G77 seeks a fair, just and equitable international trade environment, an ideal linked directly to the pursuit of global reform towards a post-Western-led world. This article analyses critically the role of the G77 in exercising global South agency on international trade within the World Trade Organization (WTO) system and the efficacy of its role in promoting South-South trade co-operation. As the group is not without its challenges and its diverse membership has varied interests within the multilateral trade system, it is difficult to ascertain the group’s authority in advocating for reforms in the system. The G77’s advocacy for South agency, however, remains important.
THE G77 AND THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kamga Serges Djoyou
Published: January 2018

Established in 1964, the G77 is the largest intergovernmental organisation representing developing countries in the United Nations. It was established to ensure a just world order and to ensure the realisation of the controversial right to development (RTD). The aim of this article is to explore the role of the G77 in fostering this realisation. To this end, it examines the platforms on which the G77 operates at the UN and beyond to explore the likelihood to lead to the achievement of the RTD. It finds that the UN Second, Third and Fourth Committees provide opportunities where the G77 can use its number to vote on various issues related to the realisation of the RTD. However, the G77 faces challenges related to the non-binding feature of the right, the constant opposition of many powerful Western countries that take important RTD decisions away from the UN, such as the World Trade Organisation, the International Monetary Fund and the G8 and the G20. To mitigate these challenges, the article calls on China's influence in these fora to claim the RTD.
IDEOLOGIES (NEW), ECONOMICS, DEFENCE AND PEOPLE: FIVE DECADES IN THE STATE OF SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: De Wet Francois , Liebenberg Ian
Published: January 2018

The economy of politics and the politics of economy converge in interesting ways, sometimes with long-term consequences for a state. In a crucial and dynamic interface economy, community, (non-)diplomacy, defence posture, balance sheets, the hapless â€˜citizenâ€™ and â€˜leadersâ€™ are all precariously intertwined. It is often argued that the South African economy declined under apartheid as a result of the Border War and international sanctions, with the result that theNational Party had little choice other than to engage its contenders in political talks to ensure transition to democracy as a counter to the eventual economic and political collapse of South Africa. Some were of the opinion that the military over-extension of South Africa, especially in Namibia and Angola, became a core reason for the non-sustainability of apartheid. While this argument may hold, it does not mean that transition at the end of the Border War brought guarantees for future economic growth and political stability.
CHINAâ€™S USE OF SOFT POWER AS A RISING POWER
Authors: Paruk Farhana
Published: January 2018

Chinaâ€™s foreign policy has been isolationist for most of the past 100 years.During the past 30 years it has gradually shifted to becoming a global power in international relations; in the process it has joined several multilateral organisations and played a key role in establishing its prominence within these organisations.This article focuses on Chinaâ€™s use of â€œsoft powerâ€ to conscientiously and strategically enhance its global appeal. Chinaâ€™s diplomatic strategy uses multilateralism, economic diplomacy and a good-neighbour policy as three forms of soft power in order to increase its attractiveness in the international community and, together with its hard power, to manage its rise as a world power.
INTERPRETING THE â€˜OTHERâ€™ IN DEMOCRACY: TOWARDS A DELIBERATIVE ETHIC
Authors: Wolmarans Gerhard
Published: January 2018

This article cautions against underestimating the complexity of the intersubjective interpretation involved in deliberation between citizens in a democracy. The subjective nature of interpretation potentially sabotages the possibility of truly hearing, or reading, others on their own terms, which, in turn, undermines the democratic ideal of basing decisions on the actual will of the interlocutors.Authentic deliberation can in fact only follow on from a â€˜good readingâ€™ of the other, based on the actual rather than the interpreted views of the various parties. I argue that literary theoryâ€™s long engagement with such interpretive complexity can be employed to illuminate an interpretive stance that would do justice to both deliberation and democracy. In particular, C.S. Lewisâ€™s and Mikhail Bakhtinâ€™s arguments point to a reading of the other that, while acknowledging our subjectivity, also envisions the possibility of engaging with the other on his or her own terms.
Editorial
Authors: Maphunye Kealeboga J.
Published: January 2018

Editorial
A Comparative Study of the Challenges of Being Independent: Case studies (Botswana Independent Electoral Commission and Electoral Commission of Zambia)
Authors: Sesa Leonard L.
Published: January 2018

Elections in a democracy are a way to bring about a peaceful transfer of power in an organised and peaceful manner within a legal framework. However, this process, in most countries, carries with it elements of uncertainty and tension. Southern African countries like Botswana and Zambia have more experience with comparative democratic electoral politics than others. This article seeks to identify the legal framework that govern and the weaknesses and opportunities that exist in the electoral commissions of Botswana and Zambia in order to eradicate the current challenges faced by election management bodies (EMBs); more importantly, it seeks to understand their image as impartial players in the conduct of general and other elections that are held in Botswana and Zambia in order for the SADC region to learn from these two EMBs. The purpose of this article is to critically compare and analyse the independence of the Zambia Electoral Commission and the Botswana Independent Electoral Commission, in order to establish the extent of the adequacy of the legal frameworks that govern their independence. The article argues that an EMB has to win the confidence of all stakeholders in the electoral process.
South Africa â€“ Twenty years Into Democracy: The March to the 2014 Elections
Authors: Tshishonga Ndwakhulu
Published: January 2018

Book Review
AN INDUCTIVELY DERIVED RESEARCH FRAMEWORK FOR STUDENT SATISFACTION IN ODL: THE HIGHER EDUCATION ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Mdakane Marry , Els Christo J. , Blignaut A. Seugnet
Published: January 2018

Student satisfaction, as a key psychological-affective outcome of tertiary education, is a direct measure of the success of Open Distance Learning (ODL). It is therefore vital for ODL Higher Education Institutions to assess and improve student satisfaction constantly. Existing theories on student satisfaction are mostly derived from deductive research, i.e. from research that considers the existing body of knowledge, followed by an investigation of a specific aspect or component, in order to reach a specific conclusion. We, however, maintain the inductive stance that a research framework for student satisfaction in ODL should be derived from students themselves. Accordingly, we purposively collected qualitative data from N=34 South African postgraduate ODL students, representative of various cultural language groups, with regard to student satisfaction. Supported by Atlas.ti, we composed an integrated dataset comprised of studentsâ€™ responses to two focus-group interviews, as well as studentsâ€™ written narratives in response to qualitative questions. Through meticulous qualitative data-analysis, we detected data categories, sub-categories, patterns and regularities in the integrated dataset. Theories and findings from the existing corpus of knowledge pertaining to student satisfaction in ODL illuminated our qualitative findings. This paper reports on the knowledge we gained from our participants pertaining to their student satisfaction with the Higher Education (HE) environment, the first of three main research components of an inductively derived research framework for student satisfaction in ODL.
THE PREPARA TION AND ECONOMIC VALUE OF INDIGENOUS MUKUMBI DRINK: AN AFRO-SENSED REFLECTION
Authors: Shokane Allucia L , Badetswana R , Mogorosi Lobelo D
Published: January 2018

For millennia, indigenous plants have been playing an essential role in the lives of indigenous people by satisfying their spiritual and material needs. This is also the case in rural areas, where indigenous plants contribute significantly as sources of shelter, clothing, firewood, medicine and food for local communities. This paper describes the process of innovation and the economic value of the indigenous marula drink, also referred to by the Tshivenda name, mukumbi. The article aims to focus on the nature of innovation and economic value of the mukumbi and also the article discusses its importance for socialisation. There are evident opportunities for the use of mukumbi. It therefore behoves one to seriously look the indigenous context where mukumbi is prepared and consumed. The central idea of the article is to advance and situate the course of indigenous knowledge scholarship by looking at mukumbi.
FOLKLORE: AN INSTRUMENT OF CONFLICT PREVENTION, TRANSFORMATION AND RESOLUTION IN THE ETHIOPIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Bahta G T
Published: January 2018

The article assesses the role of folklore in the form of verbal, ritual and material objects as a means of customary dispute prevention, transformation and resolution in selected ethnic groups in Ethiopia. Samples of oral narratives in the form of proverbs, myths and legends from the Amhara, Tigray, Oromo and Issa linguistic groups are found to have cohesive functions that reiterate harmony among the respective communities and individuals prior to conflicts; conciliatory and mediatory functions during inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic or personal conflicts; and lastly, compensatory functions after conflicts. The familiarity of the content in the narratives and the beauty of the language of the mediators, usually the elders, transform the state of enmity into the state of tolerance and recompense. The pre-reconciliation, reconciliation and post-reconciliation rituals usually accompanied by animal sacrifice, as well as the venues of the rituals (usually river banks and under trees), create a local colour that foreground a feeling of exoneration, absolution, communalism as well as commitment to discontinue blood feuds. The material objects mostly used during the reconciliation rituals, such as Tabots, crosses and other relics of the Orthodox Church, Kalacha, boku, Chachu, Siniqee and Hanfala of the Oromo have a frightening effect on the people who want to redress damages by force. The widest usage of folkloric elements for conflict prevention, resolution and transformation is found to have a consoling and therapeutic effect on the material and psychological dimensions of conflict. On the other hand, it is suggested that concerned bodies should preserve and make use of such rich folkloric heritage that conform with the constitution of the country and international human right conventions.
TABOOS IN THE UPBRINGING OF A MOSOTHO CHILD
Authors: Qhala T , Thetso M
Published: January 2018

In most African societies there are expressions that are meant to caution people against behaviours and actions which are considered culturally unacceptable or dangerous to lives of people. Such actions and behaviours, regarded as taboo, are observable amongst Basotho. Taboos are the sources of peace and stability in a society. They guide human behaviour and are a symbol of identity. Without the use of these teaching aids, Basotho children‟s lives will be disrupted. Thus, taboos are one of the fundamental teachings of Sesotho culture. This article is intended to demonstrate how the message is communicated to Basotho young boys and girls through taboos. It further analysed them to find out what is taboo about their intended messages as well as their relevance in the upbringing of a Mosotho child. Change this sentence to: Conclusions will be drawn from the discussion.
MARRIAGE PRACTICES AND INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: THE CASE OF AFRICAN COMMUNITIES
Authors: Mafela M J
Published: January 2018

Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Marriage Practices and Intercultural Communication: The Case of African Communities Case of African Communities Case of African Communities Case of African Communities Case of African Communities Case of African Communities Case of African CommunitiesCase of African CommunitiesCase of African CommunitiesCase of African Communities Case of African Communities
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ANCESTORS AS A CULTURAL COMPONENT IN M. MBAMBO’S AMAKROZA (1992)
Authors: Mtumane Z
Published: January 2018

This article examines the significance of ancestors which is illustrated as a cultural component in Mncedi Mbambo’s novel entitled Amakroza (1992). It will be shown how the novel reflects the deceased as deities among amaXhosa, and the belief that they dwell in the spiritual world as spiritual beings. It will also be reflected in the study how the departed are believed to be caring for, punish and are visited and spoken to by the living. The rituals of sending off, bringing back and imbeleko, as they are associated with ancestors, will be part of the discussion. Of further importance in the novel is the idea that both males and females are regarded as valuable ancestors alike, and how the patriarchal society is challenged by having a woman officiating a ritual in the presence of men. The significance of fasting and the shedding of blood, as related to conducting a ritual, will also be alluded to. All these points will be discussed as they are illustrated in the narrative discussed in this study. The research framework will be included briefly after the introductory section of this article. Before the actual discussion of these aspects, the concept of culture will be defined as part of the introductory section. Finally, concluding remarks will be included where the summary, evaluation and recommendations are made.
THE SPEECH FORM OF PROVERBS AND RIDDLES IN CHISHONA UNDER SIEGE
Authors: Rwodzi C
Published: January 2018

Proverbs and riddles are representative samples of any African language’s rich tapestry. They form the distilled wisdom of a nation or ethnic group. Proverbs and riddles as parts of speech, form the curriculum of the social traditional higher education for transmission and practice of a nation’s values, beliefs, knowledge system and legislative framework. This article seeks to explore the threats and consequences of language change and development befalling the continued use of proverbs and riddles in everyday human speech communication by the current generation. Technological development, migration across boundaries, social change necessitated by improved infrastructure and communication networks has become agents of language and culture change. The change has perpetuated the gradual disuse of proverbs in modern interactive speech.
MANAGEMENT WISDOM IN XITSONGA PROVERBS
Authors: Nkuna P
Published: January 2018

Proverbial wisdom is a powerful tool that is used by the Vatsonga in their communications to instil cultural norms and values that have a powerful impact on peopleâ€™s lives. This article focuses on the management ideas contained in some Xitsonga proverbs. Its emphasis is on the Vatsongaâ€™s proverbial wisdom in relation to management and business issues. The article covers the following management principles and techniques: dealing with work; being an effective manager; dealing with business associates; dealing with competition; dealing with superiors; dealing with the workforce; dealing with middle management; dealing with communication; and dealing with finances. It challenges language practitioners and the education system â€“ the business schools in particular â€“ to take a new look at ways of developing modules that fit in with South Africaâ€™s local content.
CONTESTING VIEWS ON FEMALE CHARACTERS IN áº¸Ì€Jáº¸Ì€ MEÌJÃŒ, A YORUBA MOVIE
Authors: Omolola Bayo R , Mutasa Davie E
Published: January 2018

The paper examines a Yoruba movie, links it to some Yoruba beliefs and asserts the connection between the reality and the creative production. To anchor its major point, it incorporates some verbal expressions of the Yoruba, draws attention to the thoughts that other scholars have about womenâ€™s empowerment and the challenges that educated African women face as they engage with their illiterate counterparts, and cites evidence from the movie, áº¸Ì€jáº¹Ì€ MeÌjiÌ€. At the end, the paper drifts towards a better painting of womenâ€™s image even though it echoes existing contradictory views on women.
JANGWA WEDDING SONGS AMONG THE MANYIKA PEOPLE OF ZIMBABWE: CULTURAL MEANINGS AND FUNCTIONS CONVEYED THROUGH SONG LYRICS
Authors: Mugandani Viola , Vermeulen Dorette
Published: January 2018

Jangwa music is indigenous to the Manyika people of Zimbabwe. African societies carefully craft song texts for different contexts to serve a functional and educational purpose, and an investigation was undertaken to explore the ways in which this is embodied through jangwa wedding music. The aim of this article is to discuss the cultural meanings and functions conveyed through song lyrics amongst the Manyika people of Zimbabwe. Since the young generation no longer values traditional music being performed at weddings, 150 elderly Manyika people acted as key informants, performing jangwa songs of which they had extensive knowledge and experience.Data collection strategies included participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus-group discussions. Most jangwa wedding songs have a positive outlook and encouragement for the newly-weds, while other songs are more critical and warn of the possible pitfalls in marriage. Findings revealed that the majority of jangwa wedding songs focus on the role of brides and married women as a whole, signifying the pivotal role they play within the Manyika society. Active participation in indigenous African musical arts is diminishing, therefore a concerted effort is needed to ensure that jangwa wedding music is revived and documented for future generations.
SYNTHESISATION OF STORY TELLING AND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Mdlalose N , Mabalane J
Published: January 2018

Storytelling in the African epistemological context is known for its ability to communicate morals and values, and is instrumental in conflict resolution and peace building. Conversely, the strength of modern technology is on mass distribution of products. However, a relationship that exists between tradition and modern technology has not exhausted its potential of being innovative. In order to contribute to the discourse relating to the role of technology in the preservation, restoration and dissemination of indigenous knowledge, the view presented in this article explores the nature and use of certain technologies and their communication strategies within a personalized domestic setting. Herein traditional content in a technological package is presented. This article therefore, seeks to explore ways that speak to the need to deconstruct African identity and tradition and poses the question â€˜Who am Iâ€™ as it sits at the heart of being innovative with modern technology.
THE IMPACT OF THE 2000 LAND REFORM PROGRAMME ON THE CAPITAL BLOCK, POPULARLY KNOWN AS THE â€˜NEW MALAWIâ€™
Authors: Phiri Calvin , Khumalo Njabulo Bruce , Masuku Mehluli
Published: January 2018

The 2000 land reform programme implemented by the government of Zimbabwe came with an initiative of acquiring enormous hectares of white-owned farmland and distributing it on a massive scale to small-scale farmers. Indeed the greater part of the land was taken from the white commercial farmers and distributed to the majority black Zimbabweans, leaving only a small share of the farmland in the hands of the whites. The land reform programme, undoubtedly, benefited Zimbabweans. In Zimbabwe, especially in mining areas, there are classes of Zimbabweans, those who originate from Zimbabwe, as well as those who are of foreign origin, but are Zimbabweans by birth. Zimbabweans by birth who are of foreign origin occupied an allocated A2 farm, Capital Block, located near a cement mining area, Colleen Bawn. Most of them were of Malawian origin, and the area is now popularly known as â€˜New Malawiâ€™. This study sought to investigate how Zimbabweans of foreign origin benefited from the 2000 land reform programme. The article further sought to reveal the diverse farming systems as well as Indigenous Knowledge (IK), which were passed on from the forefathers who were born in Malawi, but migrated to Zimbabweâ€™s mining areas in search for employment in the then Rhodesia around 1960. A qualitative methodology was used in this research, in which oral history interviews were conducted with the people living in the area of the â€˜New Malawiâ€™. The study revealed that most of the land was being used for farming purposes. Beneficiaries of the programme had become self-dependent. The study further revealed that there was knowledge sharing among the beneficiaries of different foreign origins including Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Botswana and those of Zimbabwean origin. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the programme benefited a number of people of foreign origins who were now Zimbabweans by birth and Zimbabweans by both birth and origin were happy with these people benefiting, a situation which shows the extent to which Zimbabweans are tolerant of foreigners.
THE ROLE OF ARCHIVES IN THE DOCUMENTATION OF ORAL TRADITIONS, A CASE OF THE SAN PEOPLE IN TSHOLOTSHO AND PLUMTREE
Authors: Bhebhe Sindiso , Chirume Anele
Published: January 2018

The Tshwao or San people, formally known as Bushmen, are believed to have been the first people to settle in what is known as Zimbabwe today. The migration of the agriculturalist ethnic groups, especially the Ndebele and Kalanga kingdoms, into their territory has affected their social way of life. It has led to forced assimilation, marginalization and dispossession of their land, including their rock paintings and denial of land rights. This has meant that they have lost most of their cultural values and identity, most notably their language, land and religion. There is therefore an urgent need to document the activities of the San people in order to salvage their cultural activities. Various cultural activities of the San people are connected to their land. Their religion is connected toÂ  articular land, for example Matopo and Njelele. This land has been taken away from their control, meaning their religion has been compromised. The San are generally nomadic and more inclined to a gathering and hunting life style. The fact that they can no longer move around because of resettlements of the Kalanga and Ndebele people on their land has disturbed this way of life. This article is based on the use of oral history interviews in collecting data. Purposive sampling will be done so that specifically targeted San people will be interviewed in such a way that they tell their life histories. Literature regarding the San people will also be reviewed.
â€˜IF A STORY CAN SO MASTER THE CHILDRENâ€™S SOULâ€™: CHRISTIAN SCRIPTURAL PEDAGOGY, ORALITY AND POWER IN THE WRITINGS OF JOHN CHRYSOSTOM
Authors: De Wet Chris L
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study is to give account of the dynamics between Christian scriptural pedagogy, orality and power in the writings of John Chrysostom. The study firstly examines Chrysostomâ€™s views on the discourse of reading scripture, with reference to his In Acta apostolorum homilia 19. Thereafter, the study investigates the practical application of this discourse in the household ritual of reading scripture, here with reference to Chrysostomâ€™s In Genesim sermo 6. Finally, on an even higher level of abstraction, the study looks at scriptural pedagogy in the education of children as seen in Chrysostomâ€™s De inani gloria.
IS STIGMA RECEDING? STORIES OF AIDS SUPPORT GROUP MEMBERS IN PIETERMARITZBURG, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Denis Philippe , Longwe Molly , Zitha Ntokozo
Published: January 2018

The paper describes the experience of people living with HIV in KwaZulu-Natal. It is based on oral history interviews with members of two support groups in the Pietermaritzburg area that were conducted in 2009 and 2011, respectively. The interviews show that, if stigma and discrimination remain a key component of the experience of people living with HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, certain evolutions are taking place. Nearly all theÂ  nterviewees were on antiretroviral treatment and their health conditions had improved. They deeply appreciated the solidarity they found in their support groups. In most cases their families, friends and neighbours responded positively when they disclosed their status. Yes, obstacles remained. The interviewees, most of whom were women, saw gender stereotypes and menâ€™s resistance to testing, treatment and care as one of their biggest challenges.
DOCUMENTING AND RECORDING ORAL HISTORY IN THE HLUHLUWE / IMFOLOZI GAME RESERVE: A CASE STUDY OF THE MAGQUBU NTOMBELA FOUNDATION PROJECT
Authors: Turner Noleen S.
Published: January 2018

This paper highlights the Oral History efforts of the Magqubu Ntombela Foundation, which was established in 1995 and is named after a famous deceased game ranger from the Imfolozi Hluhluwe Game Reserve, Magqubu Ntombela, who dedicated his life as a game guard to wildlife conservation from 1914 to 1993. This Foundation intends to prevent the loss of records containing the history, culture and conservation of the Hluhluwe Imfolozi Park area (HIP), which are reflected in the names of the places, mountains, rivers and streams as well as in the oral stories of its past custodians. It aims through projects such as the revision of the HIP area map as well as recording the oral narratives of the old and retired game guards, to preserve part of the â€˜soul of the countryâ€™, which is in such danger of slipping away and being buried in the mire of modern technology. There is a great need in South Africa to safeguard its intangible heritage by collecting, recording and archiving memories of community members in different parts of the country. Conservation of these memories involves the extrapolation of oral histories, testimonies and personal recollections of the people and past events of this area. These memories richly enhance our current knowledge and understanding of this important wildlife sanctuary and can serve not only as a rich historical source of the people and places of the area but also of the flora and fauna.