bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hospital admission and surgical approach to tubal ectopic pregnancy in Australia 2000 to 2014: A population‐based study
Authors: Paull Charlotte , Robson Stephen J.
Published: October 2017

Background

There are several accepted approaches to management of ectopic pregnancy, both surgical and non‐surgical. When a surgical approach is used, there appears to be an equipoise between tubal preservation and removal. We sought to determine the patterns of surgical management of ectopic pregnancy in Australia since the year 2000.

Materials and Methods

Data regarding hospital admissions for ectopic pregnancy were extracted from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare national procedural dataset for the years 2000–2013. Surgical procedures were classified as open or laparoscopic, and involving salpingotomy or salpingectomy (tubal removal). The results were stratified into age bands.

Results

Over the study period hospital admission rates for ectopic pregnancy rose in women under the age of 30, without an increase in surgical procedures, while the rate of surgical procedures fell in women in older age groups. Rates of management of ectopic pregnancy via laparotomy fell in all age groups, as did rates of tubal preservation.

Conclusion

Since the year 2000 there have been changes in the management of ectopic pregnancy, with significant reductions in open surgery and tubal preservation.
Letter: immunogenicity of infliximab originator vs. CT‐P13 in IBD patients
Authors: Fiorino G. , Correale C. , Radice S. , Allocca M. , Furfaro F. , Gilardi D. , Nagore D. , Del Rio L. , Pascual J. , Martínez A. , Danese S.
Published: October 2017

This article is linked to Komaki et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14274 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13990.
Letter: low rates of HBV serology testing in patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving direct acting antivirals
Authors: Dimitroglou J. , Zampetas D. , Vasilieva L. , Koullias E. , Ketikoglou I. , Alexopoulou A. , Dourakis S. P.
Published: October 2017

This article is linked to Mücke et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14286 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14177.
Editorial: a novel approach to monitor mucosal healing in coeliac disease—as simple as shifting goalposts?
Authors: Tye‐Din J. A.
Published: October 2017

This article is linked to Fang et al and Fang and Murray papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14250 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14333.
Feeding forage mixtures of alfalfa hay and maize stover optimizes growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs
Authors: Sun Lin , Yin Qiang , Gentu Ge , Xue Yanlin , Hou Meiling , Liu Liying , Jia Yushan
Published: October 2017

A feeding experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different proportions of alfalfa hay and maize stover on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of fattening lambs. Forty‐two healthy 3.5‐month‐old male Small‐tail Han lambs of 23.89 ± 0.38 kg body mass were assigned to seven groups, which were fed mixed diets composed of maize stover and alfalfa hay containing 0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 100% maize stover on a dry matter (DM) basis. Each lamb received 1.5 kg DM of forage mixture three times daily and supplementary concentrate (0.5 kg corn per lamb per day) for 60 days. Compared with the control forage diet of maize stover only, forage intake rate and forage conversion rate on the 40% maize stover/60% alfalfa hay mixture were 30% and 5% higher, respectively. Body weight, dressing percentage and net income were 6.7 kg, 8% and 94.37 Yuan higher per lamb, respectively. Thus, feeding lambs with a forage mixture of maize stover and alfalfa hay in a ratio of 40:60 optimized the production performance, slaughter performance, and the income derived from lambs.
Drug management in acute kidney disease – Report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative XVI meeting
Authors: Ostermann Marlies , Chawla Lakhmir S. , Forni Lui G. , Kane‐Gill Sandra L. , Kellum John A. , Koyner Jay , Murray Patrick T. , Ronco Claudio , Goldstein Stuart L. ,   ADQI 16 workgroup
Published: October 2017

Aims

To summarize and extend the main conclusions and recommendations relevant to drug management during acute kidney disease (AKD) as agreed at the 16th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) consensus conference.

Methods

Using a modified Delphi method to achieve consensus, experts attending the 16th ADQI consensus conference reviewed and appraised the existing literature on drug management during AKD and identified recommendations for clinical practice and future research. The group focussed on drugs with one of the following characteristics: (i) predominant renal excretion; (ii) nephrotoxicity; (iii) potential to alter glomerular function; and (iv) presence of metabolites that are modified in AKD and may affect other organs.

Results

We recommend that medication reconciliation should occur at admission and discharge, at AKD diagnosis and change in AKD phase, and when the patient's condition changes. Strategies to avoid adverse drug reactions in AKD should seek to minimize adverse events from overdosing and nephrotoxicity and therapeutic failure from under‐dosing or incorrect drug selection. Medication regimen assessment or introduction of medications during the AKD period should consider the nephrotoxic potential, altered renal and nonrenal elimination, the effects of toxic metabolites and drug interactions and altered pharmacodynamics in AKD. A dynamic monitoring plan including repeated serial assessment of clinical features, utilization of renal diagnostic tests and therapeutic drug monitoring should be used to guide medication regimen assessment.

Conclusions

Drug management during different phases of AKD requires an individualized approach and frequent re‐assessment. More research is needed to avoid drug associated harm and therapeutic failure.
Reduced electroencephalogram responses to standard and target auditory stimuli in bipolar disorder and the impact of psychotic features: Analysis of event‐related potentials, spectral power, and inter‐trial coherence
Authors: Lundin Nancy B , Bartolomeo Lisa A , O'Donnell Brian F , Hetrick William P
Published: October 2017

Background

Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with reductions in the P3b event‐related potential (ERP) response to target auditory stimuli, which suggests deficits in context updating. Previous studies have typically examined these responses in the temporal domain, which may not capture alterations in specific frequencies of phase‐locked or induced electrophysiological activity. Therefore, the present study examined early and late ERPs in temporal and frequency domains in a bipolar sample with and without current psychotic features.

Methods

The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded during an auditory oddball task. Seventy‐five BD patients and 98 healthy controls (HCs) discriminated between standard and target tones. N1 ERPs to standards and P3b ERPs to targets were analyzed in the temporal domain. Event‐related spectral perturbation (ERSP) and inter‐trial coherence (ITC) were analyzed in the frequency domain.

Results

The early N1 response to standard tones was not significantly different between the total HC and BD samples irrespective of psychotic features. However, N1 amplitude was reduced in BD patients with psychotic features (BDP) compared to HCs and BD patients without psychotic features. P3b was reduced in BD patients versus HCs, with the BDP sample having the most reduced amplitude. In the time‐frequency analysis, delta and theta ERSP and ITC were reduced across the time window for both standard and target stimuli in BD patients compared to HCs, but did not differ in the psychotic features analysis.

Conclusions

The results provide neural evidence that BD is associated with disrupted sensory, attentional, and cognitive processing of auditory stimuli, which may be worsened with the presence of psychotic features.
PROFITABLE STRATEGIC DELEGATION WITH CONJECTURAL VARIATIONS
Authors: Ciarreta Aitor , García‐Enríquez Javier
Published: October 2017

Firms delegate strategic decisions to managers because they find it profitable to do so. In the product market, when agents make conjectures about the reaction of their rivals to marginal changes in their own strategies, the set of equilibriums can be enlarged with respect to the case of no conjectures. This paper takes a duopolistic linear market parameterization where firms selling differentiated products can delegate either price or output decisions to managers. We show that it is a dominant strategy for firms to delegate no matter whether firms are Cournot or Bertrand competitors, although the equilibrium is not necessarily efficient. Futhermore, in equilibrium Cournot competition is more profitable for firms than Bertrand competition. Finally, requiring consistency in conjectures yields the same outcome no matter what type of strategic interaction and managerial choice there is on the part of firms.
Diagnosis of dermatomyositis: Autoantibody profile and muscle pathology
Authors: Uruha Akinori , Suzuki Shigeaki , Nishino Ichizo
Published: October 2017

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, which not only affects skeletal muscle and skin, but it is also associated with arthritis/arthralgia, interstitial lung disease and cancer. The diagnostic criteria for myositis that Bohan and Peter formulated in 1975, which are often still used now, depend on the presence of a characteristic skin rash for classification of DM; without it, a diagnosis of polymyositis is given. However, advances in understanding the etiology of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies over the past few decades are impressive, encompassing discovery of myositis‐specific/associated autoantibodies and development of muscle pathology, and enable us to classify them more precisely based on the underlying etiology. Correlations between clinical phenotypes and DM‐specific autoantibodies (anti‐Mi‐2, TIF‐1, NXP2, MDA5 and SAE) have been mostly elucidated, suggesting the diagnostic utility of autoantibody measurement. Advances in muscle pathology include analysis at the molecular level, such as the detection of myxovirus resistance protein A in myofibers, which can be used as a sensitive and specific pathological marker of DM. Today, a multidisciplinary approach – autoantibody profiling and pathological assessment, as well as clinical evaluation – is cardinal for a diagnosis of DM. The present review consolidates current knowledge about autoantibodies and muscle pathology in terms of diagnostic practice of DM.
Distinctive Approaches to Computer Graphics Education
Authors: Santos B. Sousa , Dischler J.‐M. , Adzhiev V. , Anderson E.F. , Ferko A. , Fryazinov O. , Ilčík M. , Ilčíková I. , Slavik P. , Sundstedt V. , Svobodova L. , Wimmer M. , Zara J.
Published: October 2017

This paper presents the latest advances and research in Computer Graphics education in a nutshell. It is concerned with topics that were presented at the Education Track of the Eurographics Conference held in Lisbon in 2016. We describe works corresponding to approaches to Computer Graphics education that are unconventional in some way and attempt to tackle unsolved problems and challenges regarding the role of arts in computer graphics education, the role of research‐oriented activities in undergraduate education and the interaction among different areas of Computer Graphics, as well as their application to courses or extra‐curricular activities. We present related works addressing these topics and report experiences, successes and issues in implementing the approaches.
Linguistic and Perceptual Mapping in Spatial Representations: An Attentional Account
Authors: Valdés‐Conroy Berenice , Hinojosa José A. , Román Francisco J. , Romero‐Ferreiro Verónica
Published: October 2017

Building on evidence for embodied representations, we investigated whether Spanish spatial terms map onto the NEAR/FAR perceptual division of space. Using a long horizontal display, we measured congruency effects during the processing of spatial terms presented in NEAR or FAR space. Across three experiments, we manipulated the task demands in order to investigate the role of endogenous attention in linguistic and perceptual space mapping. We predicted congruency effects only when spatial properties were relevant for the task (reaching estimation task, Experiment 1) but not when attention was allocated to other features (lexical decision, Experiment 2; and color, Experiment 3). Results showed faster responses for words presented in Near‐space in all experiments. Consistent with our hypothesis, congruency effects were observed only when a reaching estimate was requested. Our results add important evidence for the role of top‐down processing in congruency effects from embodied representations of spatial terms.
Fraxinus excelsior seed is not a probable introduction pathway for Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
Authors: Marčiulynienė D. , Davydenko K. , Stenlid J. , Shabunin D. , Cleary M.
Published: October 2017

We investigated the transmission of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus from infested seed to germinating seedlings of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in order to determine the potential risk associated with intra‐ and intercontinental movement of seed. Neither fungal isolations from necrotic or healthy embryos nor PCR testing with H. fraxineus‐specific primers detected the pathogen. Similarly, H. fraxineus was not detected in axenically grown seedlings generated from infested seed lots. The results help clear up prior confusion of the pathogen being seed‐borne. Any remaining surface contamination by pathogen spores could be washed off seeds as a quarantine measure.
In vitro studies of the antimicrobial effect of non‐thermal plasma‐activated water as a novel mouthwash
Authors: Li Yinglong , Pan Jie , Ye Guopin , Zhang Qian , Wang Jing , Zhang Jue , Fang Jing
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of non‐thermal plasma‐activated water (PAW) as a novel mouthwash in vitro. Three representative oral pathogens – Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus and Porphyromonas gingivalis – were treated with PAW. The inactivation effect was evaluated using the colony‐forming unit (CFU) method, and the morphological and structural changes of a cell were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The physicochemical properties of PAW were analysed, and its influence on the leakage of intracellular proteins and DNA was evaluated. The results showed significant reduction of Streptococcus mutans within 60 s, of Actinomyces viscosus within 40 s, and of Porphyromonas gingivalis in less than 40 s. Scanning electron microscopy and TEM images showed that the normal cell morphology changed by varying degrees after treatment with PAW. Intracellular proteins (280 nm) and DNA (260 nm) leaked from all three species of bacteria after treatment with PAW. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially atomic oxygen (O), hydroxyl radical (˙OH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), were generated and led to strong oxidative stress and cell damage. These results suggest that PAW has potential use as a novel antimicrobial mouthwash.
Interaction between calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐immunoreactive neurons and satellite cells via P2Y12R in the trigeminal ganglion is involved in neuropathic tongue pain in rats
Authors: Sugawara Shiori , Okada Shinji , Katagiri Ayano , Saito Hiroto , Suzuki Tatsuro , Komiya Hiroki , Kanno Kohei , Ohara Kinuyo , Iinuma Toshimitsu , Toyofuku Akira , Iwata Koichi
Published: October 2017

The P2Y12 receptor expressed in satellite cells of the trigeminal ganglion is thought to contribute to neuropathic pain. The functional interaction between neurons and satellite cells via P2Y12 receptors and phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) underlying neuropathic pain in the tongue was evaluated in this study. Expression of P2Y12 receptor was enhanced in pERK1/2‐immunoreactive cells encircling trigeminal ganglion neurons after lingual nerve crush. The administration to lingual nerve crush rats of a selective P2Y12 receptor antagonist, MRS2395, attenuated tongue hypersensitivity to mechanical and heat stimulation and suppressed the increase in the relative numbers of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)‐immunoreactive neurons and neurons encircled by pERK1/2‐immunoreactive cells. Administration of the P2Y1,12,13 receptor agonist, 2‐(methylthio)adenosine 5′‐diphosphate trisodium salt hydrate (2‐MeSADP), to naïve rats induced neuropathic pain in the tongue, as in lingual nerve crush rats. Co‐administration of 2‐MeSADP + MRS2395 to naïve rats did not result in hypersensitivity of the tongue. The relative number of CGRP‐immunoreactive neurons increased following this co‐administration, but to a lesser degree than observed in 2‐MeSADP‐administrated naïve rats, and the relative number of neurons encircled by pERK1/2‐immunoreactive cells did not change. These results suggest that the interaction between activated satellite cells and CGRP‐immunoreactive neurons via P2Y12 receptors contributes to neuropathic pain in the tongue associated with lingual nerve injury.
Praying for Rain: Indigenous Systems of Rainmaking in Kenya
Authors: Gumo Sussy
Published: October 2017

Africa in general and Kenya in particular are facing climate change challenges. Since most Kenyan communities depend on agriculture as the backbone of the economy for sustenance, some of these, including the Abanyore, Akamba, Ameru, Turkana, and Maasai, have been involved in the practice of rainmaking rituals. They use African traditional indigenous knowledge embedded in African religion to “pray for rain” by predicting, causing, redirecting, and controlling rain within their locality. The role of rainmaking and its effects is therefore crucial. The purpose of this contribution is to examine the indigenous systems of rainmaking in Kenya. It situationally analyzes the art of rainmaking in Africa in general and further contextually examines rainmaking rituals among three Kenyan communities. It suggests that rainmaking is performed as an expression of African religion through communal ceremonies, and further notes that indigenous knowledge in rainmaking rituals is significant in helping local communities respond to climate changes, allowing them to execute this knowledge in mitigation or adaptation of climate challenges. The article concludes that local communities need to integrate both indigenous knowledge and scientific knowledge to forecast and dispel rainfall patterns to effectively predict weather patterns.
Ontogenetic changes in chemical alarm cue recognition and fast‐start performance in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Xia Jigang , Cheng Meiling , Cai Ruiyu , Fu Shijian , Cooke Steven J. , Elvidge Chris K.
Published: October 2017

Risk recognition and fast‐start performance are critical to fish survival when faced with predators. Many fish species have been shown to recognize risks associated with chemical cues released by injured conspecifics. However, little is known about the ontogeny of “risk” recognition via damage‐released chemical alarm cues and fast‐start performance in prey fishes. The objectives of this study were to determine whether risk recognition and fast‐start performance in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) exhibit ontogenetic variation, and whether there is a trade‐off between risk recognition and fast‐start performance. To achieve these objectives, individual guppies from replicate groups were assayed on one of the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, or 28th day after their birth. We found that both the risk recognition and fast‐start performance in guppies exhibited ontogenetic variation, as on days 1 and 7, fish did not exhibit risk recognition when exposed to alarm cues from conspecifics, but by day 14, such recognition was evident. Noticeable increases in maximum linear velocity (Vmax), maximum linear acceleration (Amax), and escape distance (S120 ms) were concurrent with progressive ontogenetic stage, and no significant correlations were found between risk recognition and fast‐start performance at any ontogenetic stage. Our findings reveal ontogenetic variation in damage‐released chemical cue recognition and fast‐start performance in guppies.
Interspecific association of brown trout (Salmo trutta) with non‐native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at the fry stage
Authors: Lovén Wallerius Magnus , Näslund Joacim , Koeck Barbara , Johnsson Jörgen I.
Published: October 2017

The introduction of non‐native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Europe has led to displacement and decreasing populations of native brown trout (Salmo trutta). Some studies have found that brown trout shift to a diet niche similar to brook trout when the two species live in sympatry, which conflicts with the competitive exclusion principle. A change in feeding niche may be a sign of early interspecific association and social learning, leading to behavioral changes. As a first step to address this possibility, it is essential to assess the interspecific association between the species during the early ontogenetic life stages. In this study, we therefore assess whether juvenile brown trout associate with non‐native juvenile brook trout to the same extent as with conspecifics by setting up two experiments: (i) a binomial choice test allowing visual and chemical cues to estimate the species specificity of group preference, and (ii) an association test without physical barriers to estimate the degree of association of a focal brown trout with a group of either conspecifics or heterospecifics. In experiment (1), we found that focal juvenile brown trout preferred to associate with the stimuli groups and did not discriminate either against conspecific or heterospecific groups. Furthermore, more active individuals showed stronger preference for the stimuli group than less active ones, regardless of species. In experiment (2), we found that brook trout groups had a tighter group structure than brown trout groups, and that focal brown trout showed stronger association with brook trout than with brown trout. These results indicate that brown trout may associate with brook trout at an early life stage, which would allow for interspecific social learning to occur. Future studies should look closer into causes and consequences of interspecific association and social learning, including potential effects on the phenotype selection in brown trout populations.
Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis shows overlapping histological features with IgG4‐related cholecystitis
Authors: Hong Soon Auck , Sung You‐Na , Kim Hyoung Jung , Lee Sang Soo , Lee Jae Hoon , Ahn Chul‐Soo , Hwang Shin , Yu Eunsil , Zen Yoh , Kim Myung‐Hwan , Hong Seung‐Mo
Published: October 2017

Aims

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC), an unusual histological variant of chronic cholecystitis, is characterised by mixed foamy histiocytic and lymphoplasmocytic infiltration and fibrosis. Radiologically, the poorly defined nodular growth pattern often leads to the misinterpretation of XGC as gallbladder cancer. In this study, we aimed to identify the relationship of XGC with IgG4‐related cholecystitis.

Methods and results

We re‐evaluated 57 surgically resected XGCs and 104 conventional chronic cholecystitis cases, according to the histological features observed in IgG4‐related disease, including lymphoplasmocytic infiltration, storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, and IgG4‐positive plasma cells. XGCs contained a significantly increased mean number of IgG4‐positive plasma cells [34.8/high‐power field (HPF)] as compared with conventional chronic cholecystitis (4.8/HPF; P < 0.001), and 16 XGCs (28%) harboured >50 IgG4‐positive cells per HPF. Nine XGCs (16%), including one case with IgG4‐related autoimmune pancreatitis, showed ‘the histological features suggestive of IgG4‐related disease’, as described in the consensus statement regarding this condition. Extracholecystic inflammatory extension (seven cases, P = 0.009) and mass‐forming lesions (eight cases, P < 0.001) were more frequently seen in XGC cases with histological features suggestive of IgG4‐related disease than in cases without those microscopic changes.

Conclusions

XGCs with IgG4‐positive cell infiltration are considered to be mimickers, as xanthogranulomatous inflammation generally contradicts a diagnosis of IgG4‐related disease and is weakly associated with other typical organ manifestations of IgG4‐related disease. However, XGC may be a concurrent condition, particularly in patients with IgG4‐related disease in other organs.
Understanding patterns of invasion: a novel approach to assessment of podoplanin expression in the prediction of lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Boaz Karen , Natarajan Srikant
Published: October 2017

Aims

Cellular motility is considered to be central to the process of metastasis, and podoplanin expression can be explored as a prospective link, owing to its ability to modulate the actin cytoskeleton. We aimed to evaluate the tumoral expression of D2‐40 (monoclonal antibody against podoplanin) in pathologically neck‐node‐negative/positive cases (pN0/N+) to characterise the pattern of invasion, potentially explaining the role of various patterns of invasion in causing tumour metastasis.

Methods and results

Paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks of 60 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases of known nodal status were selected for immunohistochemical staining of tumour (invasive front) by D2‐40 along with routine staining by haematoxylin and eosin. Various staining patterns were assessed and evaluated for D2‐40 expression, and correlated with nodal status. Tumoral D2‐40 expression correspondingly increased with nodal metastasis (P = 0.261). Furthermore, D2‐40 staining was more efficient in detecting individual tumour cells, and also characterised the motility factor irrespective of the pattern of invasion (P = 0.001). The pattern of D2‐40 staining did not show a significant association with tumour grade, indicating that motility is an overlooked, albeit important, component of the pattern of invasion in routine histological grading.

Conclusions

D2‐40 expression successfully identifies the motility profile of tumour, irrespective of the pattern of invasion. The presence of larger motile islands in the tumour cohort supports the concept of ‘collective cell migration’. Podoplanin also aids evasion of immune responses by inducing platelet aggregation over tumour cells, thereby favouring distant metastasis. A multivariate model using immunohistochemical staining with D2‐40 provides greater sensitivity for the prediction of lymph node metastasis.
Melanocytic naevi with perineurial differentiation: a distinctive variant of neurotised naevi and a diagnostic pitfall with desmoplastic melanoma
Authors: Ferreira Ingrid , Kind Peter , Van Den Berghe Ivo , Melly Lucy , Offner Felix , Hornick Jason L , Brenn Thomas
Published: October 2017

Aims

Spindle cell differentiation is not an uncommon finding in common acquired naevi, and may represent a form of neurotisation with Schwannian differentiation of melanocytes. Perineurial differentiation in this context appears to be very rare, and is only poorly documented in the literature. We therefore aimed to study this rare form of neurotisation in melanocytic naevi more comprehensively.

Methods and results

We have identified six melanocytic tumours showing spindle cell morphology and perineurial differentiation from routine and referral material. Clinical data and follow‐up were obtained, and the histological and immunohistochemical features were analysed. The tumours affected middle‐aged adults (median, 48 years; range, 26–74 years), with a wide anatomical distribution and benign follow‐up (median, 13 months; range, 6–48 months). All tumours were nodular and circumscribed but asymmetrical, with extension into the deep dermis and superficial subcutis. A characteristic finding was a biphasic growth pattern with a lentiginous compound naevus in the superficial aspect and abrupt transition to a prominent nodular spindle cell proliferation in the deeper reaches. Spindle cells were bland and uniform, and arranged singly and in short fascicles in a loose fibromyxoid stroma. In areas, a whorled arrangement of slender spindle cells with wavy nuclei was seen. Distinctive intratumoral hypocellular nodules and peripheral lymphoid aggregates were additional features. By immunohistochemistry, the spindle cells were mainly S100‐positive melanocytes. In areas, S100‐negative/epithelial membrane antigen‐positive spindle cells showing coexpression of Glut‐1 and claudin‐1 were closely admixed.

Conclusion

This perineurial differentiation probably represents a rare and unusual form of neurotisation. The tumours are benign but may be mistaken for desmoplastic melanoma. Awareness of and careful attention to the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features allow reliable separation.
Secondary school tuck shop options and student choices: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Ma Ada W. W. , Wong Man Chun
Published: October 2017

Obesity in children is rapidly becoming a major public health problem in Hong Kong; the prevalence of overweight in children increased from 16.2% to 22.2% between 1998 and 2008. Healthy eating programs and policies exist, but only for primary schools, and students’ eating habits change when they are exposed to the new environment in secondary schools. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between available food in secondary school tuck shops and students’ purchasing preferences. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted from mid‐March to mid‐April 2016 across six secondary schools, using a questionnaire to measure students’ healthy eating knowledge and eating habits and a checklist to explore food options in each school's tuck shop. Linear regression was used to explore the relationship between eating knowledge and eating habits and logistic regression to explore the relationship between available foods at the tuck shops and the children's purchasing preferences. A total of 374 junior secondary students participated in the survey. A weak, positive correlation was found between healthy eating knowledge and healthy eating habits. No association was found between available food at tuck shops and children's purchasing preferences. The results reveal a definite knowledge‐attitude gap where healthy eating is concerned. Despite there being no significant association between the food offerings in tuck shops and students’ measured purchasing preferences (p > .05), 81% of the students stated that they would choose healthy food if offered, illustrating the urgent need to assess the variety and nutritional quality of foods available in secondary school tuck shops.
A cross‐cultural and cross‐gender analysis of compulsive buying behaviour's core dimensions
Authors: Maccarrone‐Eaglen Agata , Schofield Peter
Published: October 2017

This study seeks to address the disagreement in the literature about compulsive buying behaviour's (CBB) dimensional structure and tests for cross‐cultural and cross‐gender invariance in young British, Chinese, Czech and Spanish consumers using structural equation modelling. The results show that CBB has two compulsive dimensions: Compulsive Purchasing (CP) and Self‐control Impaired Spending (SIS). These dimensions are cross‐culturally invariant, although the influence of SIS on CBB is higher in more developed countries, particularly among females. The confirmation of the SIS dimension and the external validity of the CBB construct established through the cross‐cultural invariance in CBB dimensions indicate that screening tools should be revised accordingly. The SIS dimension has possibly been previously misinterpreted as impulsive and/or as spontaneous buying and may explain the higher incidence of CBB among female consumers.
Teaching & Learning Tips 1: Teaching perspectives – an introduction
Authors: Rana Jasmine , Burgin Susan
Published: October 2017

Challenge: Clinical and research responsibilities often leave little or no time to plan thoughtful teaching encounters with trainees. This “Teaching & Learning Tips” series is designed to be an accessible guide for dermatologists who want to improve their teaching skills. It is comprised of 12 articles about how to enhance teaching in various settings informed by research about how people learn and expert‐derived or data‐driven best practices for teaching. The series begins with a review of principles to optimize learning in any setting, including cognitive load theory, active learning strategies, and the impact of motivation and emotion on learning. It transitions into a practical “how to” guide format for common teaching scenarios in dermatology, such as lecturing, case‐based teaching, and teaching procedures, among others. Herein, we kickoff the series by unpacking assumptions about teaching and learning. What does it mean to teach and learn?
How Does a Loving God Punish? On the Unification of God's Love and Punitive Wrath
Authors: Wessling Jordan
Published: October 2017

There are two influential and opposing theological paradigms concerning the relationship between God's love and punitive wrath. According to the first paradigm, which is here labelled the ‘divergent account’, God may sometimes punish an individual in a manner that is opposed to his love. Alternatively, there is the ‘unitary account’, according to which God's punitive wrath is an expression of love that seeks the creature's good. In the present article, an argument for the unitary account is provided, and a fresh way of understanding God's punishment therein is considered. The article proceeds as follows. In the first section, a dominant motivation for the divergent account is distilled through an examination of the writings of Emil Brunner. This motivation is then rejected and the unitary account is defended in the next section, in light of the New Testament ethic of love. In the third section, the work of Gregory of Nyssa and the contemporary philosopher R.A. Duff is utilized to develop a communicative theory of God's punishment, which illuminates and fortifies the unitary account. In the final section, the unitary account, together with the communicative theory of divine punishment, is applied to the doctrine of hell.
Developing nursing research in the United Arab Emirates: a narrative review
Authors: McCreaddie M. , Kuzemski D. , Griffiths J. , Sojka E.M. , Fielding M. , Al Yateem N. , Williams J.J.
Published: October 2017

Aim

This article identified, critically analysed and synthesized the literature on international nursing and midwifery research capacity building and standards.

Background

The United Arab Emirates is heavily dependent up on expatriate nurses. Only 4% of nurses working within the country are Emirati. The nation is therefore committed to developing nurses and nursing as a profession.

Introduction

The United Arab Emirates’ Nursing and Midwifery Council was formed in 2009 and initially focused on regulation, education and specialization. This review was undertaken to inform the work of the Council's newly established Scientific Research Sub‐Committee.

Methods

A rapid narrative review was conducted using the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature database, key words, Boolean operators, parameters and a journal‐specific search. An inclusion/exclusion criterion was identified.

Results

The search provided 332 articles with 45 included in the final review. The literature on nursing research ‘standards’ and ‘capacity building’ is diverse and inconsistent across continents and in approaches.

Discussion

Nursing research has evolved to varying degrees across the globe. Nevertheless, irrespective of the locale, there are similar problems encountered in growing research, for example nursing faculty shortage, lack of collaborative research, funding. There are also specific challenges in the Middle East and North Africa region.

Limitations

The review was constrained by time and access.

Conclusion and implications for nursing policy

There are specific challenges for the United Arab Emirates. However, the country is well placed to learn from the experiences of colleagues elsewhere. Time and commitment is required to build the solid foundations necessary to ensure robust, sustained growth. Identifying research capacity as both a process and outcome at the outset may also assist. Further, it may be prudent to consider initiating a Gulf Coast Countries’ collaborative approach to building research capacity to harness scare resources and create a larger critical mass.
Treatment abandonment in children with cancer in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mansell Rikka , Purssell Edward
Published: October 2017

Aims

To establish and quantify the main reasons for treatment abandonment in children with cancer in Sub‐Saharan Africa through a systematic review of the literature.

Background

Great advances have been made in the treatment of childhood cancer, however this requires that families are able to complete treatment. Failure to do this is referred to as treatment abandonment, which is recognized as a reason for treatment failure.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis of data on the reasons for treatment abandonment in Sub‐Saharan Africa.

Data sources

Ovid MEDLINE 1946 to May Week 1 2017 and Embase 1974 to 2017 Week 19. Additional hand‐searching was undertaken.

Review methods

Two reviewers independently screened papers and extracted the data. The R package meta was used to calculate the relative risk of treatment abandonment or the proportion of parents stating a reason.

Results

The relative risk of treatment abandonment was highest for not being in a research cohort; followed by mothers only having primary education, being HIV negative, parents not being employed, travel and no insurance. When parents who had abandoned treatment were asked, the most common reason was finance, followed by insurance, transport, lack of social support, their child appearing well, fear and waiting.

Conclusions

More data are needed on the extent of treatment abandonment in different countries. Clinicians should encourage parents without insurance to enrol onto the relevant insurance programme straight after diagnosis, provide housing for patients and families close to the treatment centres and to develop treatment at more localized centres.
Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention on migraine: A study protocol
Authors: Renjith Vishnu , Pai Aparna , Radhakrishnan Kurupath , Nayak Baby S , Devi Elsa Sanatombi , Ladd Elissa , George Anice
Published: October 2017

Aim

To describe a randomized controlled trial protocol that evaluates the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention in improving the outcomes (quality of life, disability, intensity, frequency and duration) of patients with migraine.

Background

Migraine affects various facets of Quality of Life and results in moderate to high levels of disability among migraineurs. Migraine pain can be intense and unremitting that can interfere with the daily routine and reduce the ability to think and function normally. Many people can lower their risk of a migraine by simply avoiding stress, getting enough sleep, eating regularly and by avoiding triggers. Hence, the present study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention in managing migraine headaches. The multicomponent intervention includes behavioural lifestyle modification program and sessions of pranayama (a form of yogic breathing exercise).

Design

The study is a prospective, randomized, controlled, single‐blinded trial with parallel arms.

Methods

The study participants are randomized to intervention and control arms. The participants randomized to the intervention arm would receive the specific multicomponent intervention based on the protocol. The participants in the control arm would receive routine care. They are followed up for 24 weeks and the outcomes are assessed.

Discussion

Various studies report that non‐pharmacological therapies and integrative therapies play a major role in the management of migraine headaches. The findings of the study are expected to open up new horizons in health care arena emphasizing the use of non‐pharmacological therapy for less focused areas of primary care health problems such as migraine.

Trial Registration

The trial is registered with the Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI). The CTRI India is one of the primary registries in the WHO registry network (Ctri.nic.in, ). CTRI reference ID: CTRI/2015/10/006282.
The natural agent rhein induces β‐catenin degradation and tumour growth arrest
Authors: Liu Shu , Wang Jiao , Shao Ting , Song Peiying , Kong Qingbin , Hua Hui , Luo Ting , Jiang Yangfu
Published: October 2017

The natural agent rhein is an ananthraquinone derivative of rhubarb, which has anticancer effects. To determine the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of rhein, we detected the effect of rhein on several oncoproteins. Here, we show that rhein induces β‐catenin degradation in both hepatoma cell HepG2 and cervical cancer cell Hela. Treatment of HepG2 and Hela cells with rhein shortens the half‐life of β‐catenin. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 blunts the downregulation of β‐catenin by rhein. The induction of β‐catenin degradation by rhein is dependent on GSK3 but independent of Akt. Treatment of HepG2 and Hela cells with GSK3 inhibitor or GSK3β knockdown abrogates the effect of rhein on β‐catenin. GSK3β knockdown compromises the inhibition of HepG2 and Hela cell growth by rhein. Furthermore, rhein dose not downregulate β‐catenin mutant that is deficient of phosphorylation at multiple residues including Ser33, Ser37, Thr41 and Ser45. Moreover, rhein induces cell cycle arrest at S phase in both HepG2 and Hela cells. Intraperitoneal administration of rhein suppresses tumour cells proliferation and tumour growth in HepG2 xenografts model. Finally, the levels of β‐catenin are reduced in rhein‐treated tumours. These data demonstrate that rhein can induce β‐catenin degradation and inhibit tumour growth.
Do they stay or do they go? Acoustic monitoring of whale sharks at Ningaloo Marine Park, Western Australia
Authors: Norman B. M. , Whitty J. M. , Beatty S. J. , Reynolds S. D. , Morgan D. L.
Published: October 2017

Whale sharks Rhincodon typus were monitored via acoustic transmitters at the northern end of Western Australia's Ningaloo Marine Park to establish the extent to which the species inhabits the region beyond the whale‐shark ecotourism industry season, which usually extends from March to August in each year. Despite the vast majority (c. 98%) of photographic submissions of R. typus from Ningaloo Reef being between March and August, acoustic detections from the tagged R. typus at Ningaloo were recorded in all months of the year, but do not preclude the occurrence of extended absences. It is concluded that as a species, R. typus occurs year round at Ningaloo, where it generally remains in close proximity to the reef edge, but that some individuals move outside of the detection range of the array for extended periods.
The determinants of service complexity in children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Stewart S. L. , Falah Hassani K. , Poss J. , Hirdes J.
Published: October 2017

Background

To date, little is known about the predictors of healthcare service utilisation in children with intellectual disability (ID). The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with service complexity in children with ID in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

The population of this cross‐sectional study consisted of 330 children with ID ages 4 to 18 years who accessed mental health services from November of 2012 to June of 2016 in four agencies. All participants completed the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health and Developmental Disability Assessment Instrument, which is a semi‐structured clinician‐rated assessment that covers a range of common issues in children with ID. The outcome of this study was a service complexity variable based on (1) mental health service utilisation including any services provided to the child and (2) the management involved in providing that care. Eight individual items were summed, resulting in a scale that ranged from 0 to 8. Scores were then dichotomised into two groups: a score of 0–2 identified children with a low service complexity and a score of 3 or higher identified children with a high service complexity.

Results

After adjustment for other covariates, gender was not associated with service complexity. Children aged 11–14 years and children with autism spectrum disorder used over twofold higher levels of service complexity than children aged equal to or less than 10 years or children with other causes of ID. Moreover, victims of bullying, high scores on the family functioning scale or learning or communication disorder were associated with greater service complexity.

Conclusions

The findings of this study indicate that a variety of factors are related to service complexity ranged from children's nonclinical (age and experiences of bullying) to clinical (e.g. aggression, learning/communication problems and autism spectrum disorder) characteristics.
Dimensionality and internal structure of the Colombian version of the INICO‐FEAPS quality of life scale
Authors: Verdugo‐Alonso M. A. , Henao‐Lema C. P. , Córdoba‐Andrade L. , Arias González V. B.
Published: October 2017

Background and objective

Measuring quality of life (QoL) in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) can help organisations and practitioners to implement evidence‐based practices and develop person‐centred planning and individualised supports. There is no reliable and valid instrument for assessing QoL in people with ID in Colombia. We investigated the internal structure of the Colombian version of the INICO‐FEAPS scale and tested whether the scale identified the eight interrelated domains of the QoL conceptual framework originally described by.

Method

Data were collected from 602 adults with moderate levels of ID and respective proxies, who completed the self‐report and the report by other scales, respectively. Five measurement models were tested through confirmatory factor analysis.

Results

The eight correlated dimension model showed the best fit to the data. Reliability and convergent validity of the indicators were satisfactory in both versions of the scale (self‐report and proxy report).

Conclusions

This study contributes to research on QoL measurement by providing the first empirical evidence regarding the dimensionality, internal structure and psychometric properties of the Colombian version of the INICO‐FEAPS scale. Moreover, the study presents the first adaptation of a specific QoL scale for people with ID in Colombia, which may in the future be useful for implementing evidence‐based practices and developing person‐centred support plans.