bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Failed Compromise About Power (Fall 1917)
Authors:   St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Science, Abrosimova T. A.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this article is to identify the reasons why attempts to compromise and establish a new social government in 1917 ended in failure. This paper focuses on multiple and sometimes heated discussions among leaders of different parties and strong discussions that took place within the same parties. In autumn 1917 the opportunity occurred for all socialist parties to create a single blog of forces on the Left. This issue had been resolved in September during the Democratic Conference that potentially could easily establish a “homogeneous” socialist power. However, after prolonged debate, the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries preferred an alliance with the Liberals. Temporary hopes for a peaceful union and creating a homogeneous socialist government during the meeting was not meant to be. The hope for uniting all socialist forces in Russia again took place again at the end of October, right before the opening of the second meeting of the Soviets. Unfortunately, after a hostile discussion, the Mensheviks and SRs left the meeting and thus gave an opportunity to the Bolsheviks to establish their power. The latest attempt to initiate negotiations of all democratic parties, in order to find a compromise among them, was undertaken at the initiative of Vikzhel. The Bolsheviks were willing to compromise, provided that the “controlling stake” in the government remained with them. The Mensheviks and SRs clearly refused this offer, and compromise was not reached.
On the Way to “Brezhnev Stability”: Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPSU, 1966–1968
Authors:   St. Petersburg Institute of History of Russian Academy of Sciences, Boldovskiy K. A. , Pivovarov N. Yu. ,   Institute of World History of History of Russian Academy of Sciences,   First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Published: November 2020

The article uses primary sources not previously published, including draft minutes of the CPSU Central Committee Secretariat during the period 1966–1967. This primary source clearly demonstrates the practice of making the most important decisions in one of the most important bodies of the party apparatus during the formation of the practice of “collective leadership”. The article shows the place of the CPSU Central Committee Secretariat in the power structure of the USSR. Despite the brevity of notes, an analysis suggests several conclusions about the political and economic orientations of the country’s leaders in the early Brezhnev period. Speeches made during discussions of various issues demonstrate the desire of party leaders to move away from unjustified (in their opinion), reforms of the Khrushchev-era management apparatus and to focus instead on systematic changes aimed at strengthening the role of the party-state apparatus and improving the economy. The article also analyzes speeches by individual party leaders who most clearly expressed their position, such as L.I.Brezhnev, M.A.Suslov, D.F.Ustinov, and A.N.Shelepin. The article discusses the organization of the activities of the Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee: the composition of participants in meetings, the distribution of responsibilities between them, the procedure for preparing agenda items for meetings of departments of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the practice of discussions, and attempts to streamline the work of the Secretariat.
Regional difference of water use in a significantly unbalanced developing region
Authors: He Yanhu , Lin Zhuliang , Chen Xiaohong
Published: November 2020

With a service for the most developed economy and dense population in China, the water use of Guangdong province shows distinct regional difference and is subject to multiple driving forces. The regional differences of total water use (TWU) and water use efficiency (WUE) for Guangdong province and its four sub-regions (i.e. Pearl River Dealt region (PRD), Eastern Wing (YD), Western Wing (YX), and Northern Mountain Region (YB)) were quantified by Theil index, and the influence of various variables on WUE was evaluated through multiple linear regression (MLR) models. Overall, Theil index of TWU showed a decreasing trend whereas Theil index of WUE increased in recent decades, suggesting that Guangdong province has experienced an enlarging regional difference of WUE along with a gradually weakened regional difference of TWU. The PRD has the most significant regional differences of WUE and TWU and accounts for a predominated proportion in the total regional difference. Theil indexes of GDP of industry, per capita GDP and per capita value-added by agriculture had positive regression coefficients and were found to have the most significant impact on the regional difference of WUE. This study has the potential to promote a balanced and coordinated regional development in terms of even regional WUE and TWU.
Transient simulation of vapor-liquid eruption and overpressure in the drainage terminal of an inclined pipeline during pigging process after water pressure test
Authors: Deng Tao , Zhou Jun , Zhou Xuan , Meng Tian , Liang Guangchuan , Gong Jing
Published: November 2020

Pigging technology is widely used in the oil and gas industry. During the course of pigging, after a water pressure test, the instability of the pig caused by terrain fluctuation can affect the stable operation of the pipeline and even cause burst accidents. This paper describes the four stages of pig movement in an inclined pipeline, with vapor-liquid eruption occuring in the last stage. A hydraulic transient model of the pigging operation after a water pressure test is established based on mass conservation and motion equations, the dynamic equation of the pig, and the vapor-liquid eruption model. The model can simulate the status of fluid flow in the pipeline, track the movement of the pig, and predict the pressure pulses. The simulation results are consistent with the data of two burst accidents, which verifies the correctness of the established model and the reliability of the calculated results. It can therefore provide a reliable and effective theoretical basis for developing a pigging plan on site.
CHANGES IN BLOOD PROTEOME OF COSMONAUTS WITH MICRO- AND MACROVASCULAR INJURIES DUE TO G-LOADS AT THE FINAL STAGE OF LONG-DURATION SPACE MISSIONS
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pastushkova L.Kh. , Kireev K.S. ,   Gagarin Research & Test Cosmonaut Training Center, Star city, Moscow region, Larina I.M. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2020

The integrated response of the human proteome to re-entry g-loads following long-term space missions was studied in 13 male cosmonauts at the age of 44 ± 6 years. Examination at the landing site discovered local petechial hemorrhages into soft tissues of the back and lower legs. The paper presents a new approach to evaluation of petechia and soft tissue hemorrhages in cosmonauts on return to Earth. Proteomic analysis was performed with the use of LC-MS. Bioinformation analysis was made using Perseus, PubMed, Uniprot and ANDSystem software. Nine out of 19 significantly different (p < 0.05) proteins were related to vascular injuries directly. We described proteins with a primarily protecting effect against endothelial cells apoptosis and augmentation of vascular permeability, proteins that are responsible for blood rheology and proteins antagonistic to the main triggers of ischeamia-reperfusion injuries of the lungs, liver and other parenchymal organs.
Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus 9-mediated Expression of Kallistatin Suppresses Lung Tumor Growth in Mice
Authors: Qu Weihong , Zhao Jianguo , Wu Yaqing , Xu Ruian , Liu Shaowu
Published: November 2020

Background:

Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in
China and worldwide. Traditional surgery and chemotherapy do not offer an effective cure, although
gene therapy may be a promising future alternative. Kallistatin (Kal) is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis
and tumorigenesis. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is considered the most
promising vector for gene therapy of many diseases due to persistent and long-term transgenic expression.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate whether rAAV9-Kal inhibited NCI-H446 subcutaneous
xenograft tumor growth in mice.

Methods:

The subcutaneous xenograft mode was induced by subcutaneous injection of 2×107 H446
cells into the dorsal skin of BALB/c nude mice. The mice were administered with ssrAAV9-Kal (single-
stranded rAAV9) or dsrAAV9-Kal (double-stranded rAAV9) by intraperitoneal injection (I.P.).
Tumor microvessel density (MVD) was examined by anti-CD34 staining to evaluate tumor angiogenesis.

Results:

Compared with the PBS (blank control) group, tumor growth in the high-dose ssrAAV9-Kal
group was inhibited by 40% by day 49, and the MVD of tumor tissues was significantly decreased.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that this therapeutic strategy is a promising approach for clinical
cancer therapy and implicate rAAV9-Kal as a candidate for gene therapy of lung cancer.
Epigenetic Modifications in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: From Cellular Mechanisms to Therapeutics
Authors: Fathi Ezzatollah , Farahzadi Raheleh , Montazersaheb Soheila , Bagheri Yasin
Published: November 2020

Background:

Epigenetic modification pattern is considered as a characteristic feature in
blood malignancies. Modifications in the DNA methylation modulators are recurrent in lymphoma
and leukemia, so that the distinct methylation pattern defines different types of leukemia. Generally,
the role of epigenetics is less understood, and most investigations are focused on genetic abnormalities
and cytogenic studies to develop novel treatments for patients with hematologic disorders.
Recently, understanding the underlying mechanism of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially
epigenetic alterations as a driving force in the development of ALL opens a new era of investigation
for developing promising strategy, beyond available conventional therapy.

Objective:

This review will focus on a better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms in cancer
development and progression, with an emphasis on epigenetic alterations in ALL including, DNA
methylation, histone modification, and microRNA alterations. Other topics that will be discussed
include the use of epigenetic alterations as a promising therapeutic target in order to develop novel,
well-suited approaches against ALL.

Conclusion:

According to the literature review, leukemogenesis of ALL is extensively influenced
by epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA hyper-methylation, histone modification, and miRNA
alteration.
Curcumin Prevents Neuroinflammation by Inducing Microglia to Transform into the M2-phenotype via CaMKKβ-dependent Activation of the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Pathway
Authors: Qiao Peifeng , Ma Jingxi , Wang Yangyang , Huang Zhenting , Zou Qian , Cai Zhiyou , Tang Yong
Published: November 2020

Background:

Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiological process
of various neurodegenerative diseases. It is well known that curcumin has obvious anti-inflammatory
effects in various neuroinflammation models. However, its effect on the modulation of microglial polarization
is largely unknown.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate whether curcumin changed microglia to an anti-inflammatory
M2-phenotype by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway.

Methods:

LPS treatment was used to establish BV2 cells and primary microglia neuroinflammation
models. The neuroinflammation mouse model was established by an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection
of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the lateral septal complex region of the brain. TNF-α was measured
by ELISA, and cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The expression of proinflammatory
and anti-inflammatory cytokines was examined by Q-PCR and Western blot analysis.
Phenotypic polarization of BV2 microglia was detected by immunofluorescence.

Results:

Curcumin enhanced AMPK activation in BV2 microglial cells in the presence and absence of
LPS. Upon LPS stimulation, the addition of curcumin promoted M2 polarization of BV2 cells, as evidenced
by suppressed M1 and the elevated M2 signature protein and gene expression. The effects of
curcumin were inhibited by an AMPK inhibitor or AMPK knockdown. Calmodulin-dependent protein
kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1) are upstream kinases that activate AMPK. Curcumin
can activate AMPK in Hela cells, which do not express LKB1. However, both the CaMKKβ inhibitor
and siRNA blocked curcumin activation of AMPK in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Moreover, the
CaMKKβ inhibitor and siRNA weaken the effect of curcumin suppression on M1 and enhancement of
M2 protein and gene expression in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Finally, curcumin enhanced AMPK activation
in the brain area where microglia were over-activated upon LPS stimulation in an in vivo neuroinflammation
model. Moreover, curcumin also suppressed M1 and promoted M2 signature protein and
gene expression in this in vivo model.

Conclusion:

Curcumin enhances microglia M2 polarization via the CaMKKβ-dependent AMPK signaling
pathway. Additionally, curcumin treatment was found to be neuroprotective and thus might be considered
as a novel therapeutic agent to treat the neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer‘s disease,
Parkinson's disease, etc.
Glia-Driven Neuroinflammation and Systemic Inflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hashioka Sadayuki , Wu Zhou , Klegeris Andis
Published: November 2020

The neuroinflammatory hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was proposed more than
30 years ago. The involvement of the two main types of glial cells microglia and astrocytes, in neuroinflammation,
was suggested early on. In this review, we highlight that the exact contributions of
reactive glia to AD pathogenesis remain difficult to define, likely due to the heterogeneity of glia
populations and alterations in their activation states through the stages of AD progression. In the
case of microglia, it is becoming apparent that both beneficially and adversely activated cell populations
can be identified at various stages of AD, which could be selectively targeted to either limit
their damaging actions or enhance beneficial functions. In the case of astrocytes, less information is
available about potential subpopulations of reactive cells; it also remains elusive whether astrocytes
contribute to the neuropathology of AD by mainly gaining neurotoxic functions or losing their
ability to support neurons due to astrocyte damage. We identify L-type calcium channel blocker,
nimodipine, as a candidate drug for AD, which potentially targets both astrocytes and microglia. It
has already shown consistent beneficial effects in basic experimental and clinical studies. We also
highlight the recent evidence linking peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation. Several
chronic systemic inflammatory diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis,
can cause immune priming or adverse activation of glia, thus exacerbating neuroinflammation and
increasing risk or facilitating the progression of AD. Therefore, reducing peripheral inflammation is
a potentially effective strategy for lowering AD prevalence.
Perceived Barriers, Benefits, Facilitators, and Attitudes of Health Professionals Towards Multidisciplinary Team Care in Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dankoly Usman Sani , Vissers Dirk , El Farkouch Zainab , Kolasa Esther , Ziyyat Abderrahim , Rompaey Bart Van , Maamri Abdellatif
Published: November 2020

Background::

The need for a multidisciplinary team approach to provide physical exercise,
diet, behavioral change, and insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment has
long been recognized. However, often patients with T2DM do not have access to a multidisciplinary
team.

Introduction::

In developing countries, most patients with T2DM receive their diabetes care in the
office of an internist or family practice physician or in a primary level health center with a general
practitioner. Knowledge of healthcare professionals regarding the perceived barriers, attitudes, facilitators,
and benefits of a multidisciplinary team approach in T2DM treatment can help facilitate
the implementation of multidisciplinary care in T2DM.

Methods::

A systematic search strategy was performed in six databases (PubMed, Web of Science,
CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane) using different keyword combinations to identify
studies describing the healthcare professionals’ views of multidisciplinary team care in T2DM. A
textual narrative synthesis was used to analyze data. The Critical Appraisals Skills Programme
(CASP) tool for qualitative studies was used to assess the risk of bias and transferability.

Results::

The views of health professionals about multidisciplinary team care in T2DM were categorized
into six major factors, namely working collaboratively to foster supportive relationships;
strong committed organizational and team leadership; diversity in expertise, with team members
tailored to local circumstances; shared goals and approaches to ensure consistency of message;
clear and open communication with the team and with patients; and the patient at the center of decision-
making.

Conclusions::

There is a huge gap in shared roles among health professionals in T2DM therapy.
Hence, there is a need for allied health professionals such as physiotherapists, dieticians, and psychologists
with expertise in diabetes to explore primary healthcare, barriers and facilitators to the
successful integration of multidisciplinary team, seamlessly distributedinto three hierarchal levels,
namely health management, health professionals, and diabetic patients.
Chiral Resolution and Content Determination of Ketorolac Tromethamine using High-performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Zheng Lei , Yang Jing , Guan Yu-yao , Zhang Lei , Song Chao , Zhang Xiao-li
Published: November 2020

Background:

Establishing R, S-enantiomer (S-KT and R-KT) chiral resolution and determination
methods for KT are of great significance.

Objective:

This study aimed to establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
method for the resolution and determination of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) enantiomers.

Methods:

A CHIRALPAK AGP column (0.4 × 10 cm, 5 μm) was used with 10 mmol/L ammonium
acetate (pH 5.5) and isopropanol (97:3) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was
324 nm, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 25°C, and the injection volume
was 5 μL.

Results:

The resolution between S-KT and R-KT was 2.8. S-KT and R-KT demonstrated a good
linear relationship in the range of 3-60 μg/mL (r > 0.999). The average recoveries of S-KT and RKT
were 99.2% and 99.8%, with relative standard deviations of 2.0% and 2.4%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The established method can be used for the resolution and determination of S-KT and R-KT.
Aplikasi bermain berdasarkan kegiatan seni lukis untuk stimulasi kreativitas anak usia 5-6 tahun
Authors: Hardiyanti Widya Dwi
Published: November 2020

Keterampilan yang harus dikuasai di abad ke-21 adalah kreativitas, pemikiran kritis, komunikasi, dan kolaborasi. Ini sejalan dengan Teori Bloom bahwa kreativitas adalah kemampuan tertinggi dalam aspek perkembangan kognitif. Karena itu kreativitas penting diberikan kepada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Pembelajaran anak usia dini untuk merangsang kreativitas dilakukan melalui berbagai kegiatan. Kegiatan yang diterapkan belum merujuk pada analisis yang diperlukan sesuai dengan standar pembelajaran anak usia dini. Kegiatan untuk merangsang kreativitas anak usia dini perlu disempurnakan dengan menyesuaikan pada tahapan anak, yaitu belajar melalui bermain. Bermain harus bisa merangsang tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Aplikasi bermain berdasarkan kegiatan seni lukis untuk merangsang pengembangan kreativitas anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan dengan melakukan studi buku dan jurnal. Hasil analisis studi teoritis menunjukkan bahwa bermain berdasarkan kegiatan seni lukis dapat membantu merangsang kreativitas anak usia dini. Ini karena aplikasi bermain berdasarkan kegiatan seni lukis memprioritaskan kebebasan anak dalam mengekspresikan dirinya. Kegiatan mengekspresikan diri akan secara aktif menumbuhkan imajinasi anak. Kreativitas membutuhkan kebebasan berekspresi dan bermain berdasarkan kegiatan seni lukis sebagai tautan yang tepat untuk membantu merangsang kreativitas anak usia dini.
Liver Transplantation as a Cure for Neurologically Advanced Wilson’s disease. Learning More from Experience
Authors: Moguilevitch Marina ,   Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th street, Bronx, NY, USA, Straker Tracey
Published: November 2020

Clinical presentation and progression of Wilson’s disease can be diverse in different groups of patients. While young children most likely to present with acute or chronic liver failure, older children and adults may exhibit extrahepatic manifestation like neuropsychiatric, cardiac, renal, pancreatic and several others. Diagnosis of Wilson’s disease is based on the combination of specific clinical findings, laboratory and genetic testing. There are different modalities of treatment available for this condition. Liver transplantation has become a acceptable treatment option for acute and chronic liver failure related to Wilson’s disease. It allows for resolution of metabolic disorder and hepatic disease progression. There are no definitive criteria and established outcomes in transplantation of the patients with Wilson’s disease who have different degree of neuropsychiatric presentation. Therefore, it is very important to create specific criteria for selecting of these patients before transplantation and to have short-and long-term follow up system to improve their outcome and survival.
Health Care Providers’ Perceptions of Quality, Acceptance, and Satisfaction With Telebehavioral Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey-Based Study
Authors: Wright Jesse , Dewan Shyam , Hilty Donald , Dewan Naakesh A
Published: November 2020

Background

Due to rapidly increasing rates of COVID-19 across the country, system-wide changes were needed to protect the health and safety of health care providers and consumers alike. Technology-based care has received buy-in from all participants, and the need for technological assistance has been prioritized.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the initial perceptions and experiences of interprofessional behavioral health providers about shifting from traditional face-to-face care to virtual technologies (telephonic and televideo) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A survey-based study was performed at a large, integrated medical health care system in West-Central Florida that rapidly implemented primary care provision via telephone and televideo as of March 18, 2020. A 23-item anonymous survey based on a 7-point Likert scale was developed to determine health care providers’ perceptions about telephonic and televideo care. The survey took 10 minutes to complete and was administered to 280 professionals between April 27 and May 11, 2020.

Results

In all, 170 respondents completed the survey in entirety, among which 78.8% (134/170) of the respondents were female and primarily aged 36-55 years (89/170, 52.4%). A majority of the respondents were outpatient-based providers (159/170, 93.5%), including psychiatrists, therapists, counselors, and advanced practice nurses. Most of them (144/170, 84.7%) had used televideo for less than 1 year; they felt comfortable and satisfied with either telephonic or televideo mode and that they were able to meet the patients’ needs.

Conclusions

Our survey findings suggest that health care providers valued televideo visits equally or preferred them more than telephonic visits in the domains of quality of care, technology performance, satisfaction of technology, and user acceptance.
Recommendations for Designing Health Information Technologies for Mental Health Drawn From Self-Determination Theory and Co-design With Culturally Diverse Populations: Template Analysis
Authors: Cheng Vanessa Wan Sze , Piper Sarah E , Ottavio Antonia , Davenport Tracey A , Hickie Ian B
Published: November 2020

Background

Culturally diverse populations (including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people of diverse genders and sexualities, and culturally and linguistically diverse people) in nonurban areas face compounded barriers to accessing mental health care. Health information technologies (HITs) show promising potential to overcome these barriers.

Objective

This study aims to identify how best to improve a mental health and well-being HIT for culturally diverse Australians in nonurban areas.

Methods

We conducted 10 co-design workshops (N=105 participants) in primary youth mental health services across predominantly nonurban areas of Australia and conducted template analysis on the workshop outputs. Owing to local (including service) demographics, the workshop participants naturalistically reflected culturally diverse groups.

Results

We identified 4 main themes: control, usability, affirmation, and health service delivery factors. The first 3 themes overlap with the 3 basic needs postulated by self-determination theory (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) and describe participant recommendations on how to design an HIT. The final theme includes barriers to adopting HITs for mental health care and how HITs can be used to support care coordination and delivery. Hence, it describes participant recommendations on how to use an HIT.

Conclusions

Although culturally diverse groups have specific concerns, their expressed needs fall broadly within the relatively universal design principles identified in this study. The findings of this study provide further support for applying self-determination theory to the design of HITs and reflect the tension in designing technologies for complex problems that overlap multiple medical, regulatory, and social domains, such as mental health care. Finally, we synthesize the identified themes into general recommendations for designing HITs for mental health and provide concrete examples of design features recommended by participants.
Lysophospholipid (S1P) receptors (version 2020.5) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Blaho Victoria , Chun Jerold , Jones Danielle , Jonnalagadda Deepa , Kihara Yasuyuki , Tan Valerie
Published: November 2020

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Lysophospholipid receptors [86]) are activated by the endogenous lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Originally cloned as orphan members of the endothelial differentiation gene (edg) family, current gene names have been designated as S1P1R through S1P5R [66, 16, 109]. S1PRs, particularly S1P1, are expressed throughout all mammalian organ systems. Ligand delivery occurs via two known carriers (or "chaperones"): albumin and HDL-bound apolipoprotein M (ApoM), the latter of which elicits biased agonist signaling by S1P1 in multiple cell types [18, 48]. The five S1PRs, two chaperones, and active cellular metabolism have complicated analyses of receptor ligand binding in native systems. Signaling pathways and physiological roles have been characterized through radioligand binding in heterologous expression systems, targeted deletion of the different S1PRs, and most recently, mouse models that report in vivo S1P1R activation [91, 93]. A crystal structure of an S1P1-T4 fusion protein confirmed aspects of ligand binding, specificity, and receptor activation determined previously through biochemical and genetic studies [62, 17]. fingolimod (FTY720), the first drug to target any of the lysophospholipid receptors, binds to four of the five S1PRs, and was the first oral therapy for multiple sclerosis )MS) [32]. siponimod and ozanimod that target S1P1 and S1P5 are also FDA approved for the treatment of various MS forms [16, 109]. The mechanisms of action of fingolimod and other S1PR modulating drugs in development include binding S1PRs in multiple organ systems, e.g., immune and nervous systems, although the precise nature of their receptor interactions requires clarification [126, 34, 56, 57].
Chemokine receptors (version 2020.5) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Bachelerie Francoise , Ben-Baruch Adit , Burkhardt Amanda M. , Charo Israel F. , Combadiere Christophe , Förster Reinhold , Farber Joshua M. , Graham Gerard J. , Hills Rebecca , Horuk Richard , Locati Massimo , Luster Andrew D. , Mantovani Alberto , Matsushima Kouji , Monaghan Amy E. , Moschovakis Georgios L. , Murphy Philip M. , Nibbs Robert J. B. , Nomiyama Hisayuki , Oppenheim Joost J. , Power Christine A. , Proudfoot  Amanda E. I. , Rosenkilde Mette M. , Rot Antal , Sozzani Silvano , Sparre-Ulrich Alexander H. , Thelen Marcus , Uddin Mohib , Yoshie Osamu , Zlotnik Albert
Published: November 2020

Chemokine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Chemokine Receptors [431, 430, 32]) comprise a large subfamily of 7TM proteins that bind one or more chemokines, a large family of small cytokines typically possessing chemotactic activity for leukocytes. Additional hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic roles have been identified for many chemokines in the areas of embryonic development, immune cell proliferation, activation and death, viral infection, and as antibiotics, among others. Chemokine receptors can be divided by function into two main groups: G protein-coupled chemokine receptors, which mediate leukocyte trafficking, and "Atypical chemokine receptors", which may signal through non-G protein-coupled mechanisms and act as chemokine scavengers to downregulate inflammation or shape chemokine gradients [32].Chemokines in turn can be divided by structure into four subclasses by the number and arrangement of conserved cysteines. CC (also known as β-chemokines; n= 28), CXC (also known as α-chemokines; n= 17) and CX3C (n= 1) chemokines all have four conserved cysteines, with zero, one and three amino acids separating the first two cysteines respectively. C chemokines (n= 2) have only the second and fourth cysteines found in other chemokines. Chemokines can also be classified by function into homeostatic and inflammatory subgroups. Most chemokine receptors are able to bind multiple high-affinity chemokine ligands, but the ligands for a given receptor are almost always restricted to the same structural subclass. Most chemokines bind to more than one receptor subtype. Receptors for inflammatory chemokines are typically highly promiscuous with regard to ligand specificity, and may lack a selective endogenous ligand. G protein-coupled chemokine receptors are named acccording to the class of chemokines bound, whereas ACKR is the root acronym for atypical chemokine receptors [33]. There can be substantial cross-species differences in the sequences of both chemokines and chemokine receptors, and in the pharmacology and biology of chemokine receptors. Endogenous and microbial non-chemokine ligands have also been identified for chemokine receptors. Many chemokine receptors function as HIV co-receptors, but CCR5 is the only one demonstrated to play an essential role in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis. The tables include both standard chemokine receptor names [684] and aliases.
Sexting between minors: Ethical, legal, and clinical considerations
Authors:   Walden University, Bradley Nicole , Gilea Brandy , Overton Stacy , O’Neill Rachel
Published: November 2020

Sexting has not been specifically addressed in relevant professional ethical codes or state/federal laws. Complicating this issue is the lack of consensus on the definition of sexting resulting in variance in the reported prevalence of sexting. Counselors are charged with addressing the ethical and legal challenges related to sexting when minors seek counseling due to treatment needs resulting from their involvement in sexting, referrals from schools and school counselors, or the mental health issues associated with sexting (e.g., trauma, anxiety, low self-esteem). In this article, the authors explore the definitions of sexting and the prevalence of sexting and minors, discuss the ethical and legal implications and the clinical considerations of sexting and minors, and provide treatment recommendations.
Eletroestimulação como adjuvante da fisioterapia pélvica na incontinência urinária pós prostatectomia: revisão integrativa
Authors: Latorre Gustavo Fernando Sutter , Rocha Flaviane Franco Mendes , Silveira Patrícia de Oliveira Mota , Carneiro Nunes Erica Feio
Published: November 2020

Introdução: A principal forma de tratamento para o câncer de próstata é a prostatectomia radical que, apesar das técnicas mais modernas, ainda traz sequelas como a incontinência urinária (IU), para as quais a fisioterapia emerge como solução, e tendo a eletroestimulação como um recurso disponível para tratamento. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos da eletroestimulação no tratamento da IU após a prostatectomia. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de estudos publicados em língua portuguesa, a partir de buscas nas bases de dados Scielo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), PubMed (Medline), Lilacs (Medline) e PEDro. Foram incluídos estudos que utilizaram a aplicação da eletroestimulação em homens com IU pós-prostatectomia radical, publicados entre os anos 2006 e 2016, na língua portuguesa, espanhola e inglesa. Foram excluídos os estudos que foram realizados em animais e revisões. O processo de seleção do estudo envolveu a triagem dos títulos e leitura dos resumos, após a qual, os artigos potencialmente relevantes foram obtidos no texto completo, para uma análise mais aprofundada dos critérios de elegibilidade. Resultados: Apenas cinco artigos se encaixaram aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão; todos apresentaram uso da eletroestimulação no tratamento da IU; nenhum descreveu a técnica como adjuvante proprioceptivo das primeiras fases do tratamento. Conclusão: A eletroestimulação funcional do assoalho pélvico tem efeitos benéficos no tratamento da incontinência urinária pós prostatectomia radical, quando associada ao treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico. Usada de forma isolada auxilia na propriocepção e aprendizagem da contração dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, e no tratamento da instabilidade do detrusor.
Formación de mediadores en los museos y centros de ciencias de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Authors: Macías-Nestor Alba Patricia , Reynoso Haynes Elaine , Torreblanca-Navarro Omar
Published: November 2020

En este artículo se presentan algunas propuestas para la capacitación de los anfitriones mediadores de museos de ciencias que se han explorado en los museos de la Dirección General de Divulgación de la Ciencia (DGDC) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) con el fin de aportar elementos para la reflexión sobre hacia donde debe ir este proceso de capacitación con base en la evolución de los museos y centros de ciencias (MCC), el papel que desempeñan en el contexto educativo, social y cultural en el que se encuentra, así como los nuevos aportes teóricos y metodológicos. Se describe cómo ha ido cambiando la concepción que se tiene del papel de los mediadores en la DGDC, los marcos teóricos que se han empleado, los perfiles que se requieren y por consiguiente cómo se han ido modificando los programas de capacitación para cumplir con estas propuestas. Finalmente, se presenta una breve discusión sobre las nuevas perspectivas en relación a la formación de los mediadores.
O papel e os desafios dos mediadores em quatro experiências de museus e centros de ciências itinerantes brasileiros
Authors: Norberto Rocha Jessica , Marandino Martha
Published: November 2020

Nesta pesquisa de caráter qualitativo estudamos a experiência de quatro museus e centros de ciências itinerantes brasileiros a fim de compreender como essas instituições entendem os papéis dos seus mediadores, quais são as especificidades da mediação na itinerância e os desafios encontrados. Os resultados apontam que esses profissionais são fundamentais para as instituições e é esperado que eles atuem junto aos públicos ampliando as possibilidades de interação e aprofundando conteúdos expostos, mesmo quando as exposições não apresentam concretamente insumos informativos para tal. Trazemos algumas reflexões sobre o papel desses mediadores itinerantes, sua formação e profissionalização, bem como desafios e recomendações.
A HISTÓRIA DO MEDO REVISITADA: ÉTICA DA ALTERIDADE FRENTE À COVID-19 COMO UMA PANDEMIA DO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Canabarro Ivo Dos Santos , Strücker Bianca , Hahn Noli Bernardo
Published: November 2020

O artigo tem como tema central discutir como uma pandemia do século XXI, a Covid-19, conseguiu trazer ao tempo presente as novas representações do medo da morte e o papel da alteridade no cuidado com a coletividade. Discute-se, com aportes teóricos, como a construção do medo da morte é uma permanência dos tempos passados das pestes e epidemias. A pergunta norteadora é: como enfrentar o medo da morte diante da pandemia do novo coronavírus? A hipótese apresentada direciona para a ética da alteridade, do cuidado com o Outro. Para alcançar os objetivos, divide-se o artigo em duas sessões: a primeira revisita as representações imaginárias sobre a morte e o medo da fi nitude da vida frente à pandemia. A segunda sessão é direcionada à discussão sobre a importância das relações de alteridade e respeito com a vida do Outro. A refl exão mescla, em termos metodológicos, as abordagens histórico-analítica e complexo-paradoxal.
IGREJA EM REDE E LITURGIA ONLINE, É POSSÍVEL?
Authors: Adam Júlio Cézar , Reblin Iuri Andréas , Saldanha Marcelo
Published: November 2020

Diante da pandemia da Covid-19, uma doença respiratória que tem o isolamento social como melhor forma de controle, as igrejas e religiões se viram impelidas a ocupar o espaço virtual, buscando a sobrevivência de seus cultos comunitários. Nesse contexto, o presente ensaio perguntará acerca da possibilidade de uma celebração comunitária em rede, usando a internet como meio. Para tanto, fará a contextualização de conceitos fundamentais como mídia, tecnologia e linguagem, para, então, pensar os elementos do culto on-line: o espaço, o tempo, o rito e a interação. Ao final, analisamos alguns casos de uso de tecnologia na celebração do culto ou serviço religioso, compreendendo como ela contribui para a fundamentação de uma forma de enfrentar os desafios trazidos a nós pela atual pandemia.
Smartphone-based colorimetric determination of DPPH free radical scavenging activity in vegetable oils
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Vucane Sanita , Sabovics Martins ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Leitans Lauris ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Cinkmanis Ingmars
Published: November 2020

Free radicals can rapidly and irreversibly oxidize various structures, including unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils, which affect the sensory properties. Spectrophotometry is the most widely used method for the determination of free radical scavenging activity (RSA) using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Barrier to the further use of classical analytical methods to analyze biologically active compounds in foodstuffs is that equipment requires high cost and has limited mobility. One of solutions is to replace classical methods, such as spectroscopy, with smartphonebased colorimetry. Huawei P30 Lite smartphone was used for colorimetric detection. The free radical scavenging activity (RSA) in vegetable oil was detected using an application ‘Color Picker’, with image matching algorithm for red, green, and blue (RGB) model. RSA was expressed as percentage and measured by the DPPH method. The aim of the study was to determinate the total free radical scavenging activity with smartphone-based colorimetry. For the data comparison and accuracy spectrophotometer as analytical optical instrument was used. Eleven vegetable oils: sea buckthorn, sunflower, rice, macadamia nut, hemp, corn, grape, linseed, rapeseed, olive and milk thistle oils were selected for analysis. The best results with no significant differences (p>0.05) compared to smartphone-based colorimetry from spectrophotometry were determined using RG values. The poor results were detected by using B value (p<0.05) and were not suitable for determination of RSA. Smartphone-based colorimetry can be used in the determination of the RSA in vegetable oils.
This shoal which is not one: Island studies, performance studies, and Africans who fly
Authors: Schneider Rebecca
Published: November 2020

This essay explores variant stories surrounding the 1803 ‘Igbo Landing’ on St. Simons Island, Georgia, in which a group of enslaved Africans mutinied against their captors and ran aground upon a shoal. Following Tiffany Lethabo King and other scholars of Black feminist thought, the essay explores not only the littoral fact of shoals in seafaring but also the concept of shoaling for troubling historical narratives oriented to settler colonial plot points. Following island studies scholar Jonathan Pugh, the essay asks what thinking with performance and the concept of liminality might offer attempts to account for sand, drift, and, in this case, accounts of Africans who fly. The essay also tells a story of its own regarding the author’s attempt to approach the historical site of Igbo Landing by sea. An example of performative writing, the essay does not so much launch and unpack a singular argument as it explores the littoral zones among and between ideas, stories, arguments, facts, and fabulations in relation.
Silk Road archipelagos: Islands of the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Grydehøj Adam , Davis Sasha , Guo Rui , Zhang Huan
Published: November 2020

The concept behind the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI; formerly ‘One Belt, One Road’) began to take shape in 2013. Since then, this Chinese-led project has become a major plank in China’s foreign relations. The BRI has grown from its basis as a vision of interregional connectivity into a truly global system, encompassing places—including many island states, territories, and cities—from the South Pacific to the Arctic, from East Africa to the Caribbean, from the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean. Islands and archipelagos are particularly prominent in the BRI’s constituent 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) and Polar Silk Road or Ice Silk Road projects, but little scholarly attention has been paid to how the BRI relates to islands per se. This special section of Island Studies Journal includes nine papers on islands and the BRI, concerning such diverse topics as geopolitics, international law and territorial disputes, sustainability and climate change adaptation, international relations of autonomous island territories, development of outer island communities, tourism and trade, and relational understandings of archipelagic networks. Taken together, these papers present both opportunities and risks, challenges and ways forward for the BRI and how this project may impact both China and island and archipelago states and territories.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING BERBASIS AKTIVITAS HIGHER ORDER THINKING PADA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Widiarta I Dewa Gede Putra , Parmiti Desak Putu , Margunayasa I Gede
Published: November 2020

This study aims to develop a guided inquiry learning tool based on higher order thinking (HOT) activities on the theme of 9th subtheme 1 grade V elementary school.This research is a development research conducted using the ADDIE model with stages, namely (1) analyze, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and ( 5) evaluation. However, the implementation phase and the evaluation stage were not carried out due to time constraints. The subject of this research is the learning kit consisting of syllabus, lesson plans, and LKPD. The instrument used to measure the validity of the device is the learning device assessment sheet to the expert. The device validation data that has been collected is then analyzed using the mean formula to find out the average score of device validity. The results of data analysis show that: (1) the average syllabus validation score is 4.73, is in very good qualifications, the average RPP validation score is 4.75, is in a very good qualification, the average LKPD validation score is 4.86, are in very good qualifications, and (2) the acquisition of the results of the validity of the equipment (syllabus, RPP, and LKPD) shows that the equipment that has been developed has very good qualifications.
PENERAPAN GERAKAN LITERASI SEKOLAH DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Wiratsiwi Wendri
Published: November 2020

This study aims to obtain information about the application of GLS or the School Literacy Movement in Cluster 01 Elementary School, Singgahan District, Tuban Regency. This study uses qualitative research with a case study research design. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that, the application of the School Literacy Movement in the Cluster 01 Elementary School in Singgahan District was still at the habituation stage, namely 1) through reading aloud for about 15 minutes before learning for the low class and heart reading for the high class, 2) making a reading corner in each class, and 3) provide school library facilities. In implementing the School Literacy Movement there are still some obstacles including: 1) the lack of reading books; 2) lack of interest in reading students; 3) the teacher has not fully carried out this activity; 4) lack of guidance from the local education office about this School Literacy Movement; 5) and parents of students who are somewhat indifferent to the needs of children in order to support the School Literacy Movement. Whereas efforts to overcome obstacles during the implementation of the School Literacy Movement are: 1) seeking the fulfillment of reading books and library facilities by allocating funds for School Operational Costs (BOS); 2) SDN Saringembat I frees students to choose whenever students want to read, it does not have to be 15 minutes pre-learning so that a carpet is provided in the reading corner for them to use as a base for seating when they want to read; 3) SDN Saringembat I in order to improve the quality of GLS implementation by discussing and collaborating with other schools on the occasion when gathering at the Teacher Working Group activities in group 01 and the Principal Working Group (KKKS) or to other schools that are also GLS reference schools.
AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT IN ELT: HOPES, CHALLENGES, AND PRACTICES
Authors: Suwartono Tono , Riyani Cici
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the need of authentic assessment in English language teaching in Indonesia. After the implementation of 2013 curriculum (Discovery Learning Curriculum), the evaluation that must be done by teacher is not only emphasized on cognitive domain but also in psychomotoric and affective domains. The authors reviewed the authentic assessment from both the information literacy and instructional design which can be applied by EFL teachers in their classes. Overall, this paper gives an outlook on what, why and how all about authentic assessment in ELT.