bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Downward Progression of Stratospheric Temperature Anomalies Using Long‐Term SABER Observations
Authors: Thurairajah Brentha , Cullens Chihoko Yamashita
Published: May 2022

It is well known that stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) are a result of the interaction between planetary waves (PWs) and the stratospheric polar vortex. SSWs occur when breaking PWs slow down or even reverse this zonal wind jet and induce a sinking motion that adiabatically warms the stratosphere and lowers the stratopause. In this paper we characterize this downward progression of stratospheric temperature anomalies using 18 years (2003–2020) of Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Radiometry (SABER) observations. SABER temperatures, derived zonal winds, PW activity and gravity wave (GW) activity during January and February of each year indicate a high‐degree of year‐to‐year variability. From 11 stratospheric warming events (9 major and 2 minor events), the descent rate of the stratopause altitude varies from 0.5 to 2 km/day and the lowest altitude the stratopause descends to varies from <20 to ∼50 km (i.e., no descent). A composite analysis of temperature and squared GW amplitude anomalies indicate that the downward descent of temperature anomalies from 50 to ∼25 km lags the downward progression of increased GW activity. This increased GW activity coincides with the weakening and reversal of the westward zonal winds in agreement with previous studies. Our study suggests that although PWs drive the onset of SSWs at 30 km, GWs also play a role in contributing to the descent of temperature anomalies from the stratopause to the middle and lower stratosphere.
Brain-penetrant calcium channel blockers are associated with a reduced incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Colbourne Lucy , Harrison Paul J.
Published: May 2022

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) differ in their ability to penetrate into the brain. Pharmacoepidemiological studies suggest that CCBs as a class may have beneficial effects on the risks and outcomes of some psychiatric and neurological disorders. It is plausible but unknown whether this effect relates to their brain penetrance. To address this, we used the TriNetX electronic health records network to identify people prescribed a brain-penetrant CCB (BP-CCB), or those given amlodipine, a CCB with low brain penetrability. We created cohorts of patients who, prior to first CCB exposure, either had to have, or could not have had, a recorded ICD-10 diagnosis in any of the following categories: psychotic disorder; affective disorder (including bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder); anxiety disorder; substance use disorder; sleep disorder; delirium; dementia, or movement disorder. Cohort pairs were propensity score matched for age, sex, race, blood pressure, body mass index, and a range of other variables. The outcomes were the incidence of these disorders measured over a two-year exposure period. Matched cohort sizes ranged from 17,896 to 49,987. In people with no prior history of psychiatric or neurodegenerative disorder, there was a significantly lower incidence of most disorders with BP-CCBs compared to amlodipine, with risk ratios ranging from 0.64 to 0.88 and an overall risk ratio of 0.88, i.e. a risk reduction of 12%. In people who did have a prior psychiatric or neurodegenerative diagnosis, differences were much smaller, but again showed lower risks for several disorders with BP-CCBs compared to amlodipine. The differences were somewhat more marked in women and in people less than 60 years old. Results were similar when comparing BP-CCBs with verapamil and diltiazem. We also compared BP-CCBs with angiotensin receptor blockers, and found an overall risk ratio of 0.94 in favour of BP-CCBs, but with differential effects across disorders including a higher risk of psychotic disorder and dementia, but a lower risk for anxiety and sleep disorders. In some analyses, there was evidence of residual confounding even after the extensive matching, in that negative control outcomes showed a reduced incidence with BP-CCBs relative to the comparator cohort. In summary, CCBs that readily penetrate the brain are associated with a lower incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders, especially first diagnoses, compared to CCBs which do not. This may reflect their blockade of neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels. The findings encourage repurposing trials using existing BP-CCBs, and suggest that novel BP-CCBs with enhanced and more selective central actions might have greater therapeutic potential for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
Deconstructing the functional neuroanatomy of the choroid plexus: an ontogenetic perspective for studying neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Bitanihirwe Byron K. Y. , Lizano Paulo , Woo Tsung-Ung W.
Published: May 2022

The choroid plexus (CP) is a delicate and highly vascularized structure in the brain comprised of a dense network of fenestrated capillary loops that help in the synthesis, secretion and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This unique neuroanatomical structure is comprised of arachnoid villi stemming from frond-like surface projections—that protrude into the lumen of the four cerebral ventricles—providing a key source of nutrients to the brain parenchyma in addition to serving as a ‘sink’ for central nervous system metabolic waste. In fact, the functions of the CP are often described as being analogous to those of the liver and kidney. Beyond forming a barrier/interface between the blood and CSF compartments, the CP has been identified as a modulator of leukocyte trafficking, inflammation, cognition, circadian rhythm and the gut brain-axis. In recent years, advances in molecular biology techniques and neuroimaging along with the use of sophisticated animal models have played an integral role in shaping our understanding of how the CP–CSF system changes in relation to the maturation of neural circuits during critical periods of brain development. In this article we provide an ontogenetic perspective of the CP and review the experimental evidence implicating this structure in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Card9 protects sepsis by regulating Ripk2-mediated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages
Authors: Xu Zhen , Li Daoqian , Qu Wei , Yin Yuxin , Qiao Shuping , Zhu Yanan , Shen Sunan , Hou Yayi , Yang Jie , Wang Tingting
Published: May 2022

Sepsis is characterized by systemic inflammation, it’s caused by primary infection of pathogenic microorganisms or secondary infection of damaged tissue. In this study, we focus on sepsis-induced intestine barrier functional disturbalice, presenting as increased permeability of intestinal epithelium. We observed that the phenotype of LPS-induced sepsis was exacerbated in Card9−/− mice, especially displaying more serious intestinal inflammation and gut barrier dysfunction. Next, we found the hyperactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the intestinal macrophages of Card9−/−-sepsis mice. Moreover, Card9 over-expression decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Furthermore, we found that Card9 inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation by recruiting Ripk2. The competitive binding between Ripk2 with Caspase-1, instead of ASC with Caspase-1, inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Over-expression of Ripk2 alleviated septic intestinal injury caused by Card9 deficiency. Taken together, we suggested Card9 acts as a negative regulation factor of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which protects against intestinal damage during sepsis. Therefore, maintaining Card9-Ripk2 signaling homeostasis may provide a novel therapy of septic intestinal damage.
GPR110 promotes progression and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Nam Hye-Jung , Kim Yeon-Ju , Kang Jae-Hyeok , Lee Su-Jae
Published: May 2022

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, and approximately 70% of all breast cancer patients use endocrine therapy, such as estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors. In particular, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a major threat due to the lack of targeted treatment options and poor clinical outcomes. Here, we found that GPR110 was highly expressed in TNBC and GPR110 plays a key role in TNBC progression by engaging the RAS signaling pathway (via Gαs activation). High expression of GPR110 promoted EMT and CSC phenotypes in breast cancer. Consequently, our study highlights the critical role of GPR110 as a therapeutic target and inhibition of GPR110 could provide a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TNBC patients.
Two-colour light activated covalent bond formation
Authors: Walden Sarah L. , Rodrigues Leona L. , Alves Jessica , Blinco James P. , Truong Vinh X. , Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Published: May 2022

We introduce a photochemical bond forming system, where two colours of light are required to trigger covalent bond formation. Specifically, we exploit a visible light cis/trans isomerization of chlorinated azobenzene, which can only undergo reaction with a photochemically generated ketene in its cis state. Detailed photophysical mapping of the reaction efficiencies at a wide range of monochromatic wavelengths revealed the optimum irradiation conditions. Subsequent small molecule and polymer ligation experiments illustrated that only the application of both colours of light affords the reaction product. We further extend the functionality to a photo reversible ketene moiety and translate the concept into material science. The presented reaction system holds promise to be employed as a two-colour resist.
Homogeneous solution assembled Turing structures with near zero strain semi-coherence interface
Authors: Zhang Yuanming , Zhang Ningsi , Liu Yong , Chen Yong , Huang Huiting , Wang Wenjing , Xu Xiaoming , Li Yang , Fan Fengtao , Ye Jinhua , Li Zhaosheng , Zou Zhigang
Published: May 2022

Turing structures typically emerge in reaction-diffusion processes far from thermodynamic equilibrium, involving at least two chemicals with different diffusion coefficients (inhibitors and activators) in the classic Turing systems. Constructing a Turing structure in homogeneous solutions is a large challenge because of the similar diffusion coefficients of most small molecule weight species. In this work, we show that Turing structure with near zero strain semi-coherence interfaces is constructed in homogeneous solutions subject to the diffusion kinetics. Experimental results combined with molecular dynamics and numerical simulations confirm the Turing structure in the spinel ferrite films. Furthermore, using the hard-soft acid-base theory, the design of coordination binding can improve the diffusion motion of molecules in homogeneous solutions, increasing the library of Turing structure designs, which provides a greater potential to develop advanced materials.
Depletion of skeletal muscle satellite cells attenuates pathology in muscular dystrophy
Authors: Boyer Justin G. , Huo Jiuzhou , Han Sarah , Havens Julian R. , Prasad Vikram , Lin Brian L. , Kass David A. , Song Taejeong , Sadayappan Sakthivel , Khairallah Ramzi J. , Ward Christopher W. , Molkentin Jeffery D.
Published: May 2022

Skeletal muscle can repair and regenerate due to resident stem cells known as satellite cells. The muscular dystrophies are progressive muscle wasting diseases underscored by chronic muscle damage that is continually repaired by satellite cell-driven regeneration. Here we generate a genetic strategy to mediate satellite cell ablation in dystrophic mouse models to investigate how satellite cells impact disease trajectory. Unexpectedly, we observe that depletion of satellite cells reduces dystrophic disease features, with improved histopathology, enhanced sarcolemmal stability and augmented muscle performance. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that satellite cells initiate expression of the myogenic transcription factor MyoD, which then induces re-expression of fetal genes in the myofibers that destabilize the sarcolemma. Indeed, MyoD re-expression in wildtype adult skeletal muscle reduces membrane stability and promotes histopathology, while MyoD inhibition in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy improved membrane stability. Taken together these observations suggest that satellite cell activation and the fetal gene program is maladaptive in chronic dystrophic skeletal muscle.
Single-cell chromatin profiling of the primitive gut tube reveals regulatory dynamics underlying lineage fate decisions
Authors: Smith Ryan J. , Zhang Hongpan , Hu Shengen Shawn , Yung Theodora , Francis Roshane , Lee Lilian , Onaitis Mark W. , Dirks Peter B. , Zang Chongzhi , Kim Tae-Hee
Published: May 2022

Development of the gastrointestinal system occurs after gut tube closure, guided by spatial and temporal control of gene expression. However, it remains unclear what forces regulate these spatiotemporal gene expression patterns. Here we perform single-cell chromatin profiling of the primitive gut tube to reveal organ-specific chromatin patterns that reflect the anatomical patterns of distinct organs. We generate a comprehensive map of epigenomic changes throughout gut development, demonstrating that dynamic chromatin accessibility patterns associate with lineage-specific transcription factor binding events to regulate organ-specific gene expression. Additionally, we show that loss of Sox2 and Cdx2, foregut and hindgut lineage-specific transcription factors, respectively, leads to fate shifts in epigenomic patterns, linking transcription factor binding, chromatin accessibility, and lineage fate decisions in gut development. Notably, abnormal expression of Sox2 in the pancreas and intestine impairs lineage fate decisions in both development and adult homeostasis. Together, our findings define the chromatin and transcriptional mechanisms of organ identity and lineage plasticity in development and adult homeostasis.
Observation of novel topological states in hyperbolic lattices
Authors: Zhang Weixuan , Yuan Hao , Sun Na , Sun Houjun , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: May 2022

The discovery of novel topological states has served as a major branch in physics and material sciences. To date, most of the established topological states have been employed in Euclidean systems. Recently, the experimental realization of the hyperbolic lattice, which is the regular tessellation in non-Euclidean space with a constant negative curvature, has attracted much attention. Here, we demonstrate both in theory and experiment that exotic topological states can exist in engineered hyperbolic lattices with unique properties compared to their Euclidean counterparts. Based on the extended Haldane model, the boundary-dominated first-order Chern edge state with a nontrivial real-space Chern number is achieved. Furthermore, we show that the fractal-like midgap higher-order zero modes appear in deformed hyperbolic lattices, and the number of zero modes increases exponentially with the lattice size. These novel topological states are observed in designed hyperbolic circuit networks by measuring site-resolved impedance responses and dynamics of voltage packets. Our findings suggest a useful platform to study topological phases beyond Euclidean space, and may have potential applications in the field of high-efficient topological devices, such as topological lasers, with enhanced edge responses.
Locomotion-induced ocular motor behavior in larval Xenopus is developmentally tuned by visuo-vestibular reflexes
Authors: Bacqué-Cazenave Julien , Courtand Gilles , Beraneck Mathieu , Straka Hans , Combes Denis , Lambert François M.
Published: May 2022

Locomotion in vertebrates is accompanied by retinal image-stabilizing eye movements that derive from sensory-motor transformations and predictive locomotor efference copies. During development, concurrent maturation of locomotor and ocular motor proficiency depends on the structural and neuronal capacity of the motion detection systems, the propulsive elements and the computational capability for signal integration. In developing Xenopus larvae, we demonstrate an interactive plasticity of predictive locomotor efference copies and multi-sensory motion signals to constantly elicit dynamically adequate eye movements during swimming. During ontogeny, the neuronal integration of vestibulo- and spino-ocular reflex components progressively alters as locomotion parameters change. In young larvae, spino-ocular motor coupling attenuates concurrent angular vestibulo-ocular reflexes, while older larvae express eye movements that derive from a combination of the two components. This integrative switch depends on the locomotor pattern generator frequency, represents a stage-independent gating mechanism, and appears during ontogeny when the swim frequency naturally declines with larval age.
Combining rapid antigen testing and syndromic surveillance improves community-based COVID-19 detection in a low-income country
Authors: Chadwick Fergus J. , Clark Jessica , Chowdhury Shayan , Chowdhury Tasnuva , Pascall David J. , Haddou Yacob , Andrecka Joanna , Kundegorski Mikolaj , Wilkie Craig , Brum Eric , Shirin Tahmina , Alamgir A. S. M. , Rahman Mahbubur , Alam Ahmed Nawsher , Khan Farzana , Swallow Ben , Mair Frances S. , Illian Janine , Trotter Caroline L. , Hill Davina L. , Husmeier Dirk , Matthiopoulos Jason , Hampson Katie , Sania Ayesha
Published: May 2022

Diagnostics for COVID-19 detection are limited in many settings. Syndromic surveillance is often the only means to identify cases but lacks specificity. Rapid antigen testing is inexpensive and easy-to-deploy but can lack sensitivity. We examine how combining these approaches can improve surveillance for guiding interventions in low-income communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Rapid-antigen-testing with PCR validation was performed on 1172 symptomatically-identified individuals in their homes. Statistical models were fitted to predict PCR-status using rapid-antigen-test results, syndromic data, and their combination. Under contrasting epidemiological scenarios, the models’ predictive and classification performance was evaluated. Models combining rapid-antigen-testing and syndromic data yielded equal-to-better performance to rapid-antigen-test-only models across all scenarios with their best performance in the epidemic growth scenario. These results show that drawing on complementary strengths across rapid diagnostics, improves COVID-19 detection, and reduces false-positive and -negative diagnoses to match local requirements; improvements achievable without additional expense, or changes for patients or practitioners.
Enantioselective alkylative cross-coupling of unactivated aromatic C–O electrophiles
Authors: Zhang Zishuo , Zhang Jintong , Gao Quan , Zhou Yu , Yang Mingyu , Cao Haiqun , Sun Tingting , Luo Gen , Cao Zhi-Chao
Published: May 2022

Nonpolar alkyl moieties, especially methyl group, are frequently used to modify bioactive molecules during lead optimization in medicinal chemistry. Thus transition-metal catalyzed alkylative cross-coupling reactions by using readily available and environmentally benign C–O electrophiles have been established as powerful tools to install alkyl groups, however, the C(sp3)–C(sp2) cross-coupling via asymmetric activation of aromatic C–O bond for the synthesis of alkylated chiral compounds remains elusive. Here, we unlock a C(sp3)–C(sp2) cross-coupling via enantioselective activation of aromatic C–O bond for the efficient synthesis of versatile axially chiral 2-alkyl-2’-hydroxyl-biaryl compounds. By employing a unique chiral N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, this transformation is accomplished via nickel catalysis with good enantiocontrol. Mechanistic studies indicate that bis-ligated nickel complexes might be formed as catalytically active species in the enantioselective alkylative cross-coupling. Moreover, further derivation experiments suggest this developed methodology holds great promise for complex molecule synthesis and asymmetric catalysis.
Economic significance of biofilms: a multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral challenge
Authors: Cámara Miguel , Green William , MacPhee Cait E. , Rakowska Paulina D. , Raval Rasmita , Richardson Mark C. , Slater-Jefferies Joanne , Steventon Katerina , Webb Jeremy S.
Published: May 2022

The increasing awareness of the significance of microbial biofilms across different sectors is continuously revealing new areas of opportunity in the development of innovative technologies in translational research, which can address their detrimental effects, as well as exploit their benefits. Due to the extent of sectors affected by microbial biofilms, capturing their real financial impact has been difficult. This perspective highlights this impact globally, based on figures identified in a recent in-depth market analysis commissioned by the UK’s National Biofilms Innovation Centre (NBIC). The outputs from this analysis and the workshops organised by NBIC on its research strategic themes have revealed the breath of opportunities for translational research in microbial biofilms. However, there are still many outstanding scientific and technological challenges which must be addressed in order to catalyse these opportunities. This perspective discusses some of these challenges.
Crystallographic effects on transgranular chloride-induced stress corrosion crack propagation of arc welded austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Qu Haozheng J. , Tao Fei , Gu Nianju , Montoya Timothy , Taylor Jason M. , Schaller Rebecca F. , Schindelholz Eric , Wharry Janelle P.
Published: May 2022

The effect of crystallography on transgranular chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (TGCISCC) of arc welded 304L austenitic stainless steel is studied on >300 grains along crack paths. Schmid and Taylor factor mismatches across grain boundaries (GBs) reveal that cracks propagate either from a hard to soft grain, which can be explained merely by mechanical arguments, or soft to hard grain. In the latter case, finite element analysis reveals that TGCISCC will arrest at GBs without sufficient mechanical stress, favorable crystallographic orientations, or crack tip corrosion. GB type does not play a significant role in determining TGCISCC cracking behavior nor susceptibility. TGCISCC crack behaviors at GBs are discussed in the context of the competition between mechanical, crystallographic, and corrosion factors.
The role of extracellular polymeric substances of fungal biofilms in mineral attachment and weathering
Authors: Breitenbach Romy , Gerrits Ruben , Dementyeva Polina , Knabe Nicole , Schumacher Julia , Feldmann Ines , Radnik Jörg , Ryo Masahiro , Gorbushina Anna A.
Published: May 2022

The roles extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play in mineral attachment and weathering were studied using genetically modified biofilms of the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola strain A95. Mutants deficient in melanin and/or carotenoid synthesis were grown as air-exposed biofilms. Extracted EPS were quantified and characterised using a combination of analytical techniques. The absence of melanin affected the quantity and composition of the produced EPS: mutants no longer able to form melanin synthesised more EPS containing fewer pullulan-related glycosidic linkages. Moreover, the melanin-producing strains attached more strongly to the mineral olivine and dissolved it at a higher rate. We hypothesise that the pullulan-related linkages, with their known adhesion functionality, enable fungal attachment and weathering. The released phenolic intermediates of melanin synthesis in the Δsdh1 mutant might play a role similar to Fe-chelating siderophores, driving olivine dissolution even further. These data demonstrate the need for careful compositional and quantitative analyses of biofilm-created microenvironments.
Improvements and persistent biases in the southeast tropical Atlantic in CMIP models
Authors: Farneti Riccardo , Stiz Alessandro , Ssebandeke John B.
Published: May 2022

State-of-the-art climate models simulate warmer than observed sea surface temperatures (SST) in eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS), generating biases with profound implications for the simulation of present-day climate and its future projections. Amongst all EBUS, the bias is largest in the southeastern tropical Atlantic (SETA). Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the performance in the SETA of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), including fine resolution (HighResMIP) and ocean-forced (OMIP) models. We show that biases in the SETA remain large in CMIP6 models but are reduced in HighResMIP, with OMIP models giving the best performance. The analysis suggests that, once local forcing errors have been reduced, the major source of the SETA biases lies in the equatorial Atlantic. This study shows that finer model resolution has helped reduce the local origin of the SETA SST bias but further developments of model physics schemes will be required to make progress.
Circularized fluorescent nanodiscs for probing protein–lipid interactions
Authors: Ren Qian , Zhang Shanwen , Bao Huan
Published: May 2022

Protein–lipid interactions are vital for numerous transmembrane signaling pathways. However, simple tools to characterize these interactions remain scarce and are much needed to advance our understanding of signal transduction across lipid bilayers. To tackle this challenge, we herein engineer nanodisc as a robust fluorescent sensor for reporting membrane biochemical reactions. We circularize nanodiscs via split GFP and thereby create an intensity-based fluorescent sensor (isenND) for detecting membrane binding and remodeling events. We show that isenND responds robustly and specifically to the action of a diverse array of membrane-interacting proteins and peptides, ranging from synaptotagmin and synuclein involved in neurotransmission to viral fusion peptides of HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Together, isenND can serve as a versatile biochemical reagent useful for basic and translational research of membrane biology.
Effect of adhesive interaction on strain stiffening and dissipation in granular gels undergoing yielding
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sebanti , Nagaraja Sharadhi , Majumdar Sayantan
Published: May 2022

Shear induced yielding in disordered solids, characterized by irreversibility and enhanced dissipation, is important for a wide range of industrial and geological processes. Although such phenomena in thermal systems have been extensively studied, they remain poorly understood for granular solids. Here, using oscillatory shear rheology we study energy dissipation in a disordered solid formed by dense granular suspensions of adhesive frictional particles. We find non-linear flow regimes showing intra-cycle strain stiffening and plasticity that strongly depend on both the applied strain amplitude and particle volume fraction, which can be captured by the normalized energy dissipation. Furthermore, in-situ optical imaging reveals irreversible particle rearrangements correlating with the spatio-temporal fluctuations in local velocity across the yielding transition. By directly measuring the critical jamming packing fraction using particle settling experiments, we propose a phase diagram that unravels the effect of inter-particle interactions on flow properties of the system for a large parameter space.
Repurposing of F-gases: challenges and opportunities in fluorine chemistry
Authors: Sheldon Daniel J. , Crimmin Mark R.
Published: May 2022

The applications, environmental issues, and methods for remediation of F-gases are reviewed.
Ion-selective membrane plasticizer leakage in all-solid-state electrodes – an unobvious way to improve potential reading stability in time
Authors: Jaworska Ewa , Maksymiuk Krzysztof , Michalska Agata
Published: May 2022

The effect of leakage of the plasticizer from the ion-selective membrane into the ion-to-electron transducer of all-solid-state potentiometric sensors is considered for the first time.
Untargeted urine metabolite profiling by mass spectrometry aided by multivariate statistical analysis to predict prostate cancer treatment outcome
Authors: Ma Yiwei , Zheng Zhaoyu , Xu Sihang , Attygalle Athula , Kim Isaac Yi , Du Henry
Published: May 2022

One of the key barriers to the prostate cancer is monitor treatment response. Here we described a conceptually new ‘MS-statistical analysis-metabolome’ strategy for discovery of metabolic features.
Simultaneous quantification of oligo-nucleic acids and a ferritin nanocage by size-exclusion chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for developing drug delivery systems
Authors: Yamazaki Junko , Inoue Ippei , Arakawa Akihiro , Karakawa Sachise , Takahashi Kazutoshi , Nakayama Akira
Published: May 2022

An analytical methodology, which can quantify nucleic acids, ferritin nanocages and their complexes in a single injection, was established by means of size-exclusion chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Identification and semi-quantification of nitrooxy organosulfates in aerosol particles by HPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Li Wenjing , Cao Maoyu , Ge Pengxiang , Fu Xiaoyu , Tang Jiajie , Chen Mindong
Published: May 2022

In this study, we established a HPLC-MS/MS method for the detection of pNOSs. We used SRM scan mode, which is different from other methods. Daily and seasonal variations in the total concentration of pNOSs in Nanjing are presented for the first time.
Sensitivity of gas sensors enhanced by functionalization of hexabenzoperylene in solution-processed monolayer organic field effect transistors
Authors: Gong Qi , Miao Qian
Published: May 2022

Highly sensitive detection of NH3 and NO2 in gas is achieved by monolayer films that consist of functionalized and unfunctionalized hexabenzoperylenes in a single homogeneous phase.
Deciphering the photophysical kinetics, electronic configurations and structural conformations of iridium–cobalt hydrogen evolution photocatalysts
Authors: Zhao Jiangyun , De Kreijger Simon , Troian-Gautier Ludovic , Yu Jin , Hu Wenhui , Zhang Xiaoyi , Elias Benjamin , Moonshiram Dooshaye
Published: May 2022

Picosecond optical and X-ray absorption spectroscopies with density functional theory revealed the reaction pathways of Ir–Co hydrogen evolution dyads with 2-phenylisoquinoline and 2-phenylpyridine ligands.
Metal ions impact on the isostructurality and properties of 2D coordination polymers
Authors: Chumakov Yurii M. , Danilescu Olga , Kulikova Olga V. , Bourosh Paulina , Bulhac Ion , Croitor Lilia
Published: May 2022

The degree of isostructurality of seven coordination polymers and the effect of metal ions on their properties were studied. Crystallographic, photoluminescence, NLO and thermoelectric analyses of the entire series were carried out.
Effect of Ca2+ doping on the upconversion luminescence properties of NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ nanoparticles and study of its temperature measurement performance
Authors: Meng Mingzhou , Zhang Rui , Cheng Zhenlong , Fa Xinmeng , Yang Jianghua , Ansari Anees A. , Ou Jun , Wurth Christian , Resch-Genger Ute
Published: May 2022

NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+/Ca2+ nanoparticles with high fluorescence intensity are applied to a sensitive temperature measurement technique with absolute and relative sensitivities as high as 0.0418 K−1 and 2.31% K−1, respectively.
Robust and emissive covalent organic frameworks formed via intramolecular hydrogen bond interaction
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Zhao Yanning , Zhang Chunyu , Luo Xiaolong , Liu Xiaoming
Published: May 2022

Robust and emissive COFs via intramolecular hydrogen bond interaction suggested high sensitivity, selectivity, and sensibility towards 2,4,6-trinitrophenol.
Hydrogen and halogen bond synergy in the self-assembly of 3,5-dihalo-tyrosines: structural and theoretical insights
Authors: Sori Lorenzo , Pizzi Andrea , Demitri Nicola , Terraneo Giancarlo , Frontera Antonio , Metrangolo Pierangelo
Published: May 2022

Halogenation is becoming a key supramolecular tool in peptides. Halogenated tyrosines include in the same moiety functionalities that could give rise to a complete set of noncovalent forces such as halogen bonds, hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions.
Ab initio calculation of X-ray and related core-level spectroscopies: Green's function approaches
Authors: Kas Joshua J. , Vila Fernando D. , Tan Tun S. , Rehr John J.
Published: May 2022

Green's function approaches facilitate efficient and accurate calculations of X-ray spectra that include key many-body effects.
Measuring surface phonons using molecular spin-echo
Authors: Chadwick Helen , Alexandrowicz Gil
Published: May 2022

A new method to measure surface phonons with a molecular beam is presented.
Comprehensive understanding of intrinsic mobility and sub-10 nm quantum transportation in Ga2SSe monolayer
Authors: Sa Baisheng , Shen Xiaotian , Cai Shuchang , Cui Zhou , Xiong Rui , Xu Chao , Wen Cuilian , Wu Bo
Published: May 2022

The Janus Ga2SSe monolayer presents high intrinsic electron mobility and outstanding properties in sub-10 nm field-effect transistors based on theoretical calculations by combining density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function.
A guide to nanoscale IR spectroscopy: resonance enhanced transduction in contact and tapping mode AFM-IR
Authors: Schwartz Jeffrey J. , Jakob Devon S. , Centrone Andrea
Published: May 2022

By combining capabilities of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with infrared (IR) spectroscopy, AFM-IR resolves nanoscale compositional details. This tutorial reviews technical breakthroughs, working principles, best practices, and future prospects of AFM-IR.
Sulfondiimines: synthesis, derivatisation and application
Authors: Passia Marco T. , Schöbel Jan-Hendrik , Bolm Carsten
Published: May 2022

Sulfondiimines are aza-analogues of sulfones and sulfoximines. Understanding their syntheses and derivatisations shall lead to more applications in medicinal and crop protecting chemistry.
Engineering the outcome of cofermentation processes by altering the feedstock sugar-to-protein ratio
Authors: Bevilacqua R. , Mauricio-Iglesias M. , Balboa S. , Lema J. M. , Carballa M.
Published: May 2022

Sugar-to-protein ratios equal or lower than 1.00 promote longer chain VFA production by stimulating chain elongation. Conversely, higher values favour short chain VFA production while hindering protein conversion.
Mechanochemical solid-state vinyl polymerization with anionic initiator
Authors: Yoo Kwangho , Lee Gue Seon , Lee Hyo Won , Kim Byeong-Su , Kim Jeung Gon
Published: May 2022

The polymerization of vinyl monomers with an anionic initiator was performed under mechanochemical ball-milling conditions. The investigation revealed that the process consists of anionic initiation and radical propagation.
Electrochemical radical–radical cross-coupling: direct access to β-amino nitriles from unactivated imines and alkyl nitriles
Authors: Zeng Wei-Mei , Wang Zhi-Lv , He Yan-Hong , Guan Zhi
Published: May 2022

The direct access to β-amino nitriles from unactivated imines and alkyl nitriles by electrochemical radical–radical cross-coupling was described.
Mobilization of platinum and palladium from exhausted catalytic converters using bio-cyanide and an ionic-liquid as mass transport carriers
Authors: Ilyas Sadia , Srivastava Rajiv Ranjan , Kim Hyunjung
Published: May 2022

An approach to precious metals’ reclamation from exhausted catalytic converters using an integrative bio-solvo-chemical strategy is demonstrated.
Electrochemical oxidation of phenols in flow: a versatile and scalable access topara-benzoquinones
Authors: Sprang Fiona , Herszman John D. , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: May 2022

An electrochemical flow protocol for the continuous synthesis ofpara-benzoquinones from abundant phenols is reported.
Utilization of Si/SiOx/Al2O3 materials from recycled solar cells for a high-performance lithium-ion battery anode
Authors: Liu Yi-Hung , Chen Yen-Lin , Chen Yu-Sin , Huang Shih-Ming , Huang Hsu-Min , Lin Shih-Jen , Yang Ching-Yi
Published: May 2022

Si/SiOx/Al2O3 composites obtained from recycled solar cells are integrated with modified carbon fiber substrates, forming a high-performance lithium-ion battery anode.
Phase transition modulation and biophysical characterization of biomolecular condensates using microfluidics
Authors: Chan Katherine W. Y. , Navi Maryam , Kieda Jennifer , Moran Thomas , Hammers Daniel , Lee Shaun , Tsai Scott S. H.
Published: May 2022

A microfluidic platform is used to generate phase diagrams for formation of biomolecular condensates without conventional manual sample preparation methods.
Enhancing the catalytic activity of CdX and ZnX (X = S, Se and Te) nanostructures for the hydrogen evolution reaction via transition metal doping
Authors: Xia Feifei , Shu Li , Wen Yingpin , Yang Fengli , Zhen Chunzhi
Published: May 2022

The enhanced catalytic activity of CdS nanostructures for the hydrogen evolution reaction via transition metal doping is reported.
Omics technologies for high-throughput-screening of cell–biomaterial interactions
Authors: Sari Buse , Isik Melis , Eylem Cemil Can , Bektas Cemile , Okesola Babatunde O. , Karakaya Ece , Emregul Emel , Nemutlu Emirhan , Derkus Burak
Published: May 2022

Recent research effort in biomaterial development has largely focused on engineering bio-instructive materials to stimulate specific cell signaling.
Experimental and DFT study of F− removed by Cl−-hydrotalcite
Authors: Wang Ruicong , Wang Danqi , Wang Xinyuan , Peng Wencai , Wang Yi , Zhang Jinli
Published: May 2022

The adsorption mechanisms of F− on Cl−-LDH were identified as ion exchange, electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding.
Quantitative study on the performance of CMCS/SA composite fibers by regulating the hydrogen bonding proportions
Authors: Han Ying , Zhou Zhichu , Bao Da , Yu Yue , Guo Jing , Zhang Sen
Published: May 2022

CMCS/SA composite fibers with various intermolecular hydrogen bonding (inter-MHB) proportions are prepared via a physical blending method.
Carbon nanotubes derived from waste cooking oil for the removal of emerging contaminants
Authors: Duarte Michelle Pains , Silva Rayane Cristian Ferreira , Medeiros Tayline P. Viana de , Ardisson José Domingos , Cotta Alexandre Alberto Chaves , Naccache Rafik , Teixeira Ana Paula de Carvalho
Published: May 2022

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were synthesized using ethyl acetate and waste cooking oil as more green and sustainable carbon sources, and further successfully applied for the adsorption of norfloxacin and 17α-ethinylestradiol.
A series of novel Cu-based MOFs: syntheses, structural diversity, catalytic properties and mimic peroxidase activity for colorimetric detection of H2O2
Authors: Chai Juan , Yuan Luohao , Wang Shiwei , Li Tong , Wu Mingxue , Huang Zhiwei , Yin Hongfeng
Published: May 2022

Three MOFs with three different types of Cu clusters have been synthesized. MOFs 1–3 efficiently catalyze the oxidation of cycloalkanes under mild conditions. Besides, MOFs1–3exhibited high peroxidase-like activity and could be applied for colorimetric detection of H2O2.
Manipulating the electronic structure and physical properties in monolayer Mo2I3Br3via strain and doping
Authors: Ren Wenning , Jin Kuijuan , Ma Cheng , Ge Chen , Guo Erjia , Wang Can , Xu Xiulai , Yang Guozhen
Published: May 2022

The large magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) and strain-tunable optical absorption coefficient of the monolayer Janus Mo2I3Br3 open up more opportunities for few-layer van der Waals crystals in spintronics and optoelectronic devices.
Modulating aptamer function by copper(ii)-mediated base pair formation
Authors: Heddinga Marius H. , Müller Jens
Published: May 2022

Copper(ii)-mediated base pairing can be used to modulate aptamer function.
Induction of a helical superstructure in photoresponsive liquid crystals: switching from linearly polarized to circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: He Yanrong , Fan Qingyan , Gao Jingjing , Chen Hong , Guo Jinbao
Published: May 2022

Switching from linearly polarized to circularly polarized luminescence during the formation of a cholesteric superstructure induced by visible or ultraviolet light is first reported.
Rapid construction of a polysubstituted “caged” oxa-bishomocubane framework from vinylidenecyclopropanes through a sequential dual catalysis of copper(i) and visible-light-induced photosensitization
Authors: Zhang Yan-Shun , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: May 2022

A sequential dual catalytic transformation of vinylidenecyclopropanes for the rapid construction of polysubstituted “caged” oxa-bishomocubane products under mild conditions.
Phosphate-based cathode materials to boost the electrochemical performance of sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Kanwade Archana , Gupta Sheetal , Kankane Akash , Srivastava Abhishek , Yadav Subhash Chand , Shirage Parasharam M.
Published: May 2022

Emerging sodium ion battery technology is superior with highly thermal and structurally stable, having high redox potential polyanionic compounds-based cathode materials among transition metal oxides, Prussian blue analogues and organic compounds.
A low‐computational‐cost alternating switches algorithm for real‐valued spatial covariance matrix reconstruction
Authors: Liu Changzan , Zhou Yan , Dang Bo
Published: May 2022

The application of the emerging hybrid analog–digital architecture for future millimeter‐wave communications has attracted significant attention. Although this architecture can reduce the hardware cost and power consumption considerably, the high‐resolution direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in the architecture based on switches is still a challenge. As a solution, an alternating switches algorithm (ASA) is proposed in this paper. By appropriately adjusting the switch connected to each antenna, the real‐valued spatial covariance matrix (SCM) is reconstructed with low‐dimensional vector‐to‐vector multiplication. Subsequently, the DOA angle of each signal is estimated based on a split subspace extracted from the real‐valued SCM. Finally, a set of simulation experiments are performed to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results indicate that the ASA can reconstruct the real‐valued SCM and realize high‐resolution DOA estimation with a substantially low computational cost.
MCG&BA‐Net: Retinal vessel segmentation using multiscale context gating and breakpoint attention
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Zhao Gangjing , Liu Jinping , Jahanshahi Hadi , Tang Zhaohui , Gong Subo
Published: May 2022

The accurate segmentation of blood vessels plays a crucial role in screening, diagnosis and treatment of multiple diseases. However, current automated segmentation approaches do not pay enough attention to the vascular topology errors (such as mistaking vessel‐breakpoints), resulting in considerable scattered vessel‐fragments in segmentation results. This article proposes a retinal vessel segmentation model using multi‐scale context gating and breakpoint attention mechanism, called MCG&BA‐Net. Specifically, it obtains a feature map containing contextual information of vessels through an introduced multi‐scale context module, and then filters the redundant features and noises by a gated structure to highlight target features. Furthermore, a kind of breakpoint attention module is proposed, which can locate and focus on potential breakpoint areas, thereby facilitating accurate segmentation results of tree‐like fine vessels. Extensive confirmatory and comparative experiments have been conducted on five public datasets, including three benchmark datasets, that is, DRIVE, CHASDB1 and SATRE, and two clinical datasets, that is, fundusimage1000 and RFMID. The AUC scores on the benchmark datasets are 0.9878, 0.9923 and 0.9942, respectively. Among them, the AUC score on CHADEDB1 and STARE outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art results. In addition, experimental results on the two clinical datasets demonstrate strong generalization capability of the propose method, indicating high clinical application values.
Asteroseismology of the multiple stellar populations in the globular cluster M4
Authors: Tailo M. , Corsaro E. , Miglio A. , Montalbán J. , Brogaard K. , Milone A. P. , Stokholm A. , Casali G. , Bragaglia A.
Published: May 2022

We present a new asteroseismic analysis of the stars in the globular cluster (GC) M4 based on the data collected by the K2 mission. We report the detection of solar-like oscillation in 37 stars, 32 red giant branch (RGB) and six red horizontal branch (rHB) stars, which is the largest sample for this kind of study in GCs up to date. Combining information from asteroseismology and multi-band photometry, we estimate both the masses and the radii of our targets. Our estimates are in agreement with independent sources, serving as a crucial verification of asteroseismology in the low metallicity regime. As M4 is an old GC, it hosts multiple stellar populations differing in light element abundances and in helium mass fraction. This generates a mass difference between the populations along the RGB, which in the case of M4 is estimated to be 0.017 M⊙. With this wealth of information, we can assign population membership and estimate the average mass of the stellar populations; however, the current uncertainties do not allow us to resolve this mass difference. The population membership and the seismic data of RGB and HB stars allow us, however, to assess the integrated mass loss along the RGB of the first generation stars in the cluster. We obtain ΔM = 0.227 ± 0.028 M⊙, which is in good agreement with independent estimates. Finally, we observe the presence of a statistically significant mass-temperature gradient in the rHB stars. This represents the first direct, model-independent observation of the colour-temperature-mass correlation predicted by the theory.
Kindliche Glaukomerkrankungen
Authors: Stingl Julia V. , Hoffmann Esther M.
Published: May 2022

Glaukomerkrankungen im Kindesalter sind selten. Da ohne Behandlung in der Regel die Erblindung eintritt, ist eine umgehende Diagnosestellung und Therapie von höchster Bedeutung. Die
Heterogenität der Erkrankung erfordert eine genaue Kenntnis der möglichen Ursachen und deren individuelle Behandlung. Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick über die kindlichen Glaukome
vermitteln und die wichtigsten Aspekte der Therapie aufzeigen.
Wachstumsschmerzen
Authors: Corts Magga , Dichtl Karoline , Stern Cornelia , Elfgang Rita
Published: May 2022

Vier Experten stellen Behandlungsansätze bei Wachstumsschmerzen mithilfe von Osteopathie, Schüßler-Salzen, Spagyrik und Gemmotherapie vor.
Prüfungsthema: Diagnose ohne Strom und Kabel
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: May 2022

In diesem HPA-Prüfungstrainer beschäftigen sich alle Fragen mit Diagnose ohne Strom und Kabel.
Von oben bis unten
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: May 2022

Summary: In der Heilpraktiker-Praxis untersucht man im Rahmen einer körperlichen Basisuntersuchung in der Regel nach dem sogenannten IPPAF-Schema: Inspektion, Palpation, Perkussion, Auskultation, Funktionsprüfung. Bei verschiedenen Symptomen wie Schwindel und Parästhesien ist der neurologische Status insbesondere durch Untersuchung der Hirnnerven und Reflexe zu ermitteln. Bei der Untersuchung der Hirnnerven I–XII werden funktionsabhängige Tests durchgeführt; beim Reflexstatus unterscheidet man zwischen Muskeleigen- und -fremdreflexen sowie Pyramidenbahnzeichen.
Ab dem ersten Moment
Authors: Rau Erika
Published: May 2022

Schon beim Erstkontakt zeigen sich verschiedene diagnostische Aspekte bei Patienten, beispielsweise durch die Stimme, den Händedruck und das Gesicht. Menschen können 3 Naturellen zugeordnet werden, dem Bewegungs-, Empfindungs- und Ruhenaturell, wobei bei den meisten Menschen Mischformen vorliegen. Äußere Erscheinungsmerkmale, insbesondere im Gesicht, können entsprechend physiognomischer Lehren auf Organschwächen oder andere Störungen hinweisen.
Ein langer Weg zur Diagnose
Authors: Gundacker Stefanie
Published: May 2022

Im vorgestellten Fall leidet eine junge Frau seit Monaten insbesondere unter Einschränkungen wie Konzentrationsmangel, wodurch ihr berufliches und privates Leben beeinträchtigt werden. Der Hausarzt der Patientin konnte keine körperliche Ursache für ihre Beschwerden finden und verschreibt ihr Psychopharmaka. Da sich keine Besserung einstellt, sucht sie die Naturheilpraxis der Autorin auf. Durch eine Blutuntersuchung in der Naturheilpraxis ergibt sich die mutmaßliche Diagnose Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis, die fachärztlich bestätigt und behandelt wird. Eine naturheilkundliche Unterstützung soll folgen.