bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aromaterapi Lavender dapat Menurunkan Intensitas Nyeri Perineum pada Ibu Post Partum
Authors: Widayani Wiwin
Published: January 2017

Perineals pain affects  woman ability to mobilize so that it can cause complications such as post-partum haemoragik. Trauma to the perineum also cause discomfort and dyspareunia, therefore, perineal pain management is important. Currently the handling used to relieve pain is complementary therapy aromatherapy with essential oils of lavender, because lavender has the properties of anticonvulsant, antidepressant, anxiolytic, and also soothing. Aromatherapy stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete chemical mediators that serve as pain relievers and give rise to feelings of happiness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lavender aromatherapy to the perineal pain intensity in post partum women. This study is a quasy experiment pre and post non random control in postpartum women at Bidan Praktik Mandiri in Bandung. Sampling this study using consecutive sampling technique. The data taken using the instrument in the adaptation of a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and analyzed by using the wilcoxon signed rank test. The result is there was a decrease in pain intensity before and after the administration of inhaled lavender aromatherapy (Z=-3.77) with p-value 0.001. Lavender aromatherapy can be a complementary alternative therapy to reduce pain in postpartum women but more research necessary is needed with more respondents.
Dukungan Keluarga Berhubungan dengan Asupan Energi Anak Retardasi Mental di SLB Negeri 01 Bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Paramashanti Bunga Astria , Rakhman Arief , Endriyani Lia
Published: January 2017

Patients of Down Syndrom mostly do not get proper support and care from their families, it is likely that families keep distance from public due to embarrasement of having a family member with such condition. Family support in this term plays an essential role in terms of child growth, which may be influential to physical aspect, self-care, communication, socialization, mentality, and emotion. Children will be malnourished if the nutrition necessary to support growth process is not fulfilled appropriately. The purpose of this research is to identify the relation between family support and energy intake in children with mental retardation in SLB N 01 of Bantul, Yogyakarta. This research was a quantitative research with cross sectional design. Population in this research was all children with mental retardation since the age of elementary school until senior high school. Samples in this research were 66 subjects. Data collection used questionnaires and systematic random sampling. Data was analyzed by using Kendal Tau statistical test. Results found that respondents who had good family support and sufficient energy intake were 27 subjects (40.9%), subjects who had fair family support and sufficient energy intake were 13 subjects (19.7%), subjects with sufficient family support and insufficient energy intake were 10 subjects (15,2%). According to Kendal Tau analysis, it was showed that p-value was 0.001 (p<0.05) which described that there was a significant relation betweeen family support and energy intake in children with mental retardation in SLB N 01 of Bantul, Yogyakarta. Therefore, it is essential to provide motivation and education for parents with mentally retarded children, especially on child food intake.
Aplicación del enfoque geoecológico para la interpretación espacial de los niveles de urbanización
Authors: Martínez-Serrano Ayesa , Bollo Manent Manuel
Published: January 2017

La comprensión geoecológica del espacio en la interacción naturaleza-sociedad demanda el desarrollo teórico del enfoque sistémico, la modelación, la automatización y el manejo de las geotecnologías. La interrelación entre los paisajes naturales y los elementos antropogénicos originan unidades geoecológicas en un espacio geográfico. El análisis delimita 30 unidades de paisajes físico-geográficos, a partir de los componentes naturales y del modelo sombreado del terreno. Posteriormente, mediante procedimiento matricial por superposición con la tipología del uso del suelo y la cobertura, fueron obtenidas y caracterizadas 247 unidades geoecológicas para la descripción del espacio urbano, periurbano y rural.
Vivienda social periurbana en Santiago de Chile: la exclusión a escala regional del trasurbanita de Santiago de Chile
Authors: Cáceres-Seguel César
Published: January 2017

La localización periurbana de vivienda social en Santiago de Chile ha sido ampliamente estudiada desde sus implicancias territoriales y políticas, sin embargo, poco sabemos del impacto de estas urbanizaciones en la calidad de vida del habitante. Mediante entrevistas con residentes de proyectos localizados en Lampa se sugiere el surgimiento de trasurbanitas, para ellos, el acceso a un bienestar básico depende de habitar cotidianamente territorios fragmentados entre la vivienda periurbana y comunas centrales que albergan servicios urbanos elementales.El subsidio de vivienda desencadena la exclusión a escala regional congrupos habitando bordes periurbanos carentes de transporte público eficiente yservicios básicos.
Peran Babinsa Dalam Kegiatan Deteksi Dini Guna Pencegahan Aksi Terorisme (Relevansi Di Wilayah Kodim 0618/Bs Kota Bandung)
Authors: Simanjuntak Komarudin
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peran Babinsa dalam kegiatan deteksi dini, kendala peran Babinsadalam kegiatan deteksi dini dan merumuskan upaya optimalisasi peran Babinsa dalam kegiatan deteksi dini gunapencegahan aksi terorisme. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulandata: Pertama, orientasi teoritik; pengumpulan data dengan tiga tahap yaitu orientasi, eksplorasi pengumpulandata, dan penelitian terfokus; Kedua, wawancara mendalam dan komprehensif; Ketiga, observasi peran serta; danKeempat, dokumentasi. Dalam penelitian ini akan diambil kelompok / orang yang terkait dengan permasalahanperan Babinsa dalam kegiatan deteksi dini untuk menemukan permasalahan di lapangan terhadap pejabat strukturaldalam kelembagaan organisasi tersebut. Hasil yang diharapkan untuk mengetahui kondisi obyektif saat ini tentang peran Babinsa dalam kegiatandeteksi dini pada tingkat pemahaman, dan kepedulian serta kemampuannya dalam membantu pencegahan danpenanggulangan aksi terorisme di wilayah, serta mampu mengidentifi kasi faktor keberhasilan dalam kegiatandeteksi dini serta kendala dalam melaksanakan peran dilihat pada aspek tingkat keamanan lingkungan. Lalu,tentang komitmen serta kesadaran masyarakat berpartisipasi dalam membantu pencegahan dan penanggulanganaksi terorisme, dengan meninjau kelembagaan Babinsa disertai dengan bagaimana kerja sama penanganan antaraparat terkait dalam peningkatan peran Babinsa. Sehingga, dapat menemukan kebijakan, strategi dan upaya yangditingkatkan melalui pembinaan rutin aparat terkait dan meningkatkan kapabilitas peran Babinsa dalam kegiatandeteksi dini, serta keterpaduan penanganan dalam membantu pencegahan dan penanggulangan aksi terorisme.
PERAN KEPUASAN MEMEDIASI PENGARUH ATRIBUT PRODUK, DAN PENGETAHUAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Kamener Dahliana
Published: January 2017

This study aimed to analyze the role of the Consumers Satisfaction in Mediating the Effect of Product Attributes and knowledge Of Products Embroidery Minang on consumers buying decisions. The population is consumers who decide to purchase the products in Padang. The spreading questionnaires to the consumers who have bought and used to wear the embroidery Minang. The  analysis was using descriptive, multiple regression analysis and statistical test tools by using Structural Equation Modelling SmartPLS 3. Finding indicated that the product attributes show positive not significantly effect on consumer decisions. Also knowledge indicate positive significantly influence on consumer decisions. Furthermore, Product attributes also tend to have a positive effect on satisfaction. Eventhough, Consumers knowledge have positive not significantly effect on consumers satisfaction and satisfaction has partially impact on consumers decisions. From this result it can be recommended that the industry of the Embroidery Minang should improve their attribute in term of design, style, color more unique that can be wear by all level of consumers and also the industries have to be more active in marketing and giving the knowledge of consumers.
Memória e identidade cultural da comida no Masterchef Brasil
Authors: Chao Adelaide Rocha de la Torre , Maia João Luis De Araújo
Published: January 2017

Observamos aqui o programa de televisão MasterChef Brasil. A partir do talent show afirmamos que a culinária se estabelece no imaginário coletivo e afetivo marcando as nossas vidas de maneira sensível através de uma narrativa que recorre às situações do passado, trazendo saudades. Observando a comida como fenômeno comunicacional, seja preparada em casa, restaurante ou em competição no programa de televisão, percebemos que as lembranças afetivas dos participantes e jurados assumem o papel de “agente socializador” nas relações de mediação e vinculação. A relação entre comida e cultura marca as identidades que a alimentação proporciona ao indivíduo e ao grupo.
Completamos um ano
Authors: Dubeux Veranise J. C.
Published: January 2017

Junto ao Mestrado Profissional em Gestão da Economia Criativa da ESPM-Rio de Janeiro, nasceu a Revista Diálogo com a Economia Criativa. Com este terceiro número, nossa revista do programa de mestrado completa um ano de existência. Ao planejarmos esta edição, nosso principal objetivo foi abrir um espaço para que pesquisadores pudessem aumentar o fluxo de diálogos em prol da geração de ideias criativas.
“Crônicas do Mal de Amor”: Elena Ferrante e a subversão da “performatividade do gênero feminino”
Authors: Fernandes Verônica Daminelli
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como a produção literária se insere no contexto da economia criativa como espaço de luta e denúncia sociais. Para isso, propomos uma leitura do livro “Crônicas do Mal de Amor”, da italiana Elena Ferrante, que ilustra o rompimento do imaginário comum sobre a “identidade natural” das mulheres. Além de mostrar uma literatura que problematiza a subjetividade das mulheres numa atualidade em que o “ser-mulher” continua engessado dentro daquilo que Judith Butler chamou de “performatividade de gênero”, tal trabalho visa ilustrar de que modo a escrita de Ferrante tenta subverter a inteligibilidade do gênero “feminino”.
Secondary buyouts, private equity and firms’ corporate governance
Authors: Capizzi Vincenzo , Giovannini Renato , Pesic Valerio
Published: January 2017

During last years numerous studies have focused attention on determinants of leverage buyouts (LBOs), finding strong evidence about the capability of those operations to improve firms’ productivity and operating performance. Nonetheless, there is a lack of research concerning the performance realized by secondary buyouts (SBOs), which are operations where a LBO is refinanced with a new ownership structure that includes a new set of private equity financiers and a new debt structure. By the analysis of a initial dataset of 164 transactions occurred in Italy during the period from 2000 to 2008, we find evidence of SBOs’ rationales of corporate governance, with significant firms’ performance improvements.
Corporate governance, external audit and the audit process
Authors: Ismail Hashanah
Published: January 2017

This paper reports on interviews with audit partners of listed companies on their perspectives of impact of corporate governance on the audit process. Based on responses received the study finds that audit risk framework is dynamic enough to incorporate expected changes in control environment brought about by greater consciousness on the part of directors on the need for good internal control. However there is still skepticism that good governance practice has filtered through clients’ control environment as auditors believe dominant CEO’s may still moderate the effectiveness of audit committees
Firm size, corporate leverage and corporate dividend: Evidence from Korean banking industry.
Authors: Lee Seok Weon
Published: January 2017

This paper examines how the dividend policy of banks is associated with the level of safety of the banks. As the proxy for the safety of the bank, we employ the asset size and leverage measures. Considering that the explicit protection system of deposit insurance backing up the banking industry is prevailing and implicit forbearance policy practiced by the banking regulators generally would not allow the failure of especially large banks, the banks with larger asset size, other things being equal, would be considered safer than smaller banks. Also, following the implications of finance literature, higher leverage is believed to represent higher riskiness and the firms in higher leverage positions would have greater risk-taking incentives to maximize potential upward gains from high profit. From the panel data of Korean banks during 1994-2005, we find that the banks in a safer position significantly pay more dividends. That is, the banks with larger asset size and lower leverage tend to pay more dividends. In the tests employing partitioned samples and interaction variables for risk characteristics, we find more transparent and consistent results.
Do analysts leak information to preferred customers?
Authors: Ekholm Anders , von Nandelstadh Alexander
Published: January 2017

Our research question is whether financial analysts leak proprietary information to their preferred customers by warning them of future earnings forecast revisions. We explore this question by monitoring investors’ trading behavior during the weeks prior to analyst earnings forecast revisions using a unique stock transactions data set from Finland. We do not find evidence of large investors systematically being warned of future earnings forecast revisions. However, our results indicate that the very largest investors show trading behavior partly consistent with being informed about future earnings forecast revisions.
Ownership structure and earnings perception management in Chinese IPOs
Authors: Aerts Walter , Cheng Peng
Published: January 2017

We examine the impact of ownership structure on two distinct investor perception management processes: earnings management and explanatory impression management with regard to earningsrelated outcomes. Using detailed content analysis of earnings explanations in the MDA (Management Discussion and Analysis) section of 104 recent Chinese IPOs, we find that firms exhibit intense assertive verbal behavior in framing positive earnings outcomes. Ownership structure marginally affects both the amount of assertive causal tactics used and the assertive bias in the causal disclosures. However, the effect of ownership structure is more evident for earnings management propensity Earnings management propensity is significantly affected by the nature of the controlling shareholder. This effect is intensified by the size of shareholdings of the controlling shareholder.
Mandatory governance, voluntary governance and firm performance: An analysis of china listed firms
Authors: Ma Lian-fu , Chen De-qiu , Zhong Yun-jia
Published: January 2017

Under the background of evoluntion of the corporate governance institution from mandatory governance to voluntary governance , the paper examined the effects of mandatory governance and voluntary governance on firm performance, whichbased on a constructed index for China listed firms voluntary governance level.we find that mandatory governance has no significant effect on firm performance;voluntary governance has an impetus effect on firm performance,and the impetus effect of volunray governance on firm performance is higher with lower mandatory governance.These results are still exist even considering the endogeneity of voluntary governance.
Creating competitive advantage through research and development: An empirical investigation of the determinants of research and development reported on annual financial statements
Authors: Samudhram Ananda Rao , Sivalingam Vglingam
Published: January 2017

This study examines the determinants of reported R&D expenditure (where R&D expenditure proxies for R&D activities) in listed Malaysian firms, to gain insights into factors that promote R&D in Malaysian firms. It examines thecharacteristics of listed firms that undertake R&D in Malaysia and offers policy recommendations for promoting firm level R&D in Malaysia and other developing nations that suffer from similar low levels of R&D. Successful promotion of research and development in private firms can lead to the creation of intangible assets that can boost the growth of local companies and help to establish a competitive edge for the local economy. This competitive edge will enable local firms to successfully match the growing top-notch, international level competition resulting from increasing globalisation, and do well in the global arena
Governance indices: An Australian perspective
Authors: Strydom Maria , Skully Michael
Published: January 2017

This study develops a weighted internal governance index as a comprehensive proxy of good governance in Australia. We identify those variables empirically found to be associated with good governance and include them in a principal component analysis to calculate the index. We apply Principal Component Analysis to examine the internal governance of a sample of 450 listed Australian companies for the period 1999 – 2006. Results indicate that there are two key facets to internal governance in Australia: Board Activity and Board Independence. They in turn incorporate eight specific governance factors which are included in the index on a weighted basis. This approach contributes to the literature by overcoming a number of limitations of previous governance measures and is the first internal governance index to be developed. A similar approach could be employed in other countries to overcome difficulties with previous index efforts and to provide a more comprehensive measure of firm level (internal) governance. The findings of this study have many implications: for firms, there is now a straight forward basis on which to compare their governance standards with those of competitors as well as against prior years. For investors, they can now easily identify which firms are better governed and incorporate this factor in the share selection process as well as lobby for further improvements.
Ownership structure, corporate performance and failure: Evidence from panel data of emerging market the case of Jordan
Authors: Zeitun Rami
Published: January 2017

This study investigates the impact of ownership structure (mix and concentrate) on a company’s performance and failure in a panel estimation using 167 Jordanian companies during 1989-2006. The empirical evidence in this paper shows that ownership structure and ownership concentration play an important role in the performance and value of Jordanian firms. It shows that inefficiency is related to ownership concentration and to institutional ownership. A negative correlation between ownership concentration and firm’s performance both, ROA and Tobin’s Q, is found, while there is a positive impact on firm performance MBVR. The research also found that there is a significant negative relationship between government ownership and a firm’s accounting performance, while the other ownership structure mixes have significant coefficients only in Tobin’s Q using the matched sample. Firm’s profitability ROA was negatively and significantly correlated with the fraction of institutional ownership, and positively and significantly related to the market performance measure, MBVR. The result is robust when indicators of both concentration and ownership mix are included in the regressions. The results of this study are, to some extent, inconsistent with previous findings. This paper also used ownership structure to predict the corporate failure. The results suggest that government ownership is negatively related to the likelihood of default. Government ownership decreases the likelihood of default, but has a negative impact on a firm’s performance. The results suggest that, in order to increase a firm’s performance and decrease the likelihood of default, it is reasonable to reduce government ownership to some extent. Furthermore, a certain degree of ownership concentration is needed to increase the firm’s performance and to decrease the firm’s chance of default.
The impacts of managerial and institutional ownership on firm performance: The role of stock price informativeness and corporate governance
Authors: Cheung William , Fung Scott , Tsai Shih-Chuan
Published: January 2017

This paper provides new evidence on the relations between managerial and institutional ownerships and firm performance. These relations are found to be affected by firm’s stock price informativeness and corporate governance. Based on a sample of US firms from NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ between 1989 and 2006, we document three important findings. First, managerial ownership and firm future performance are non-linearly related; the positive relation is stronger for firms with less informative prices or more agency problems. This finding suggests that poor governance and uninformative price increase the importance of managerial value creation for their firms by improving internal governance. Second, institutional ownership has a significant positive impact on firm future performance, with larger impact for firms with less informative prices or good governance. However, institutional ownership, which reflects external monitoring, has a weaker positive effect compared to managerial ownership, which controls for internal governance. Third, the interaction between managerial ownership and institutional ownership has a significant positive impact on firm future performance, suggesting that there are synergistic effects of internal and external corporate governance mechanisms in improving firm value.
Ownership structure and corporate voluntary disclosure-evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Liao Grace M. , Lu Chilin
Published: January 2017

Compared to western markets, listed firms in East Asia typically have low levels of information transparency and do not motivate to disclose proprietary information to the public. One of the most frequently cited reasons for the low level of transparency and disclosure quality is poor corporate governance structures in this region. In this study, we explore the association between ownership structure and voluntary information disclosure in Taiwan. Annual report index data from Information Disclosure and Transparence Ranking System (IDTRS) are used as the proxy of the firm’s voluntary information. The empirical results indicate that the level of information disclosure is likely to be less in “insider” or family-controlled companies.
The impact of problem loan, ownership structure, and market structure upon the bank performance
Authors: Chein Andy
Published: January 2017

Some research on the causes of bank failure finds that failing institutions had large proportions of problem loans prior to failure, and that the extra costs of administering these loans reduced the bank performance. At this moment, if bank management goes after maximizing one’s utility, not the bank performance, in addition confronting from rising competitive environment, it would be quite dangerous. So, this article studies the impact of problem loan, ownership structure, and market structure upon the bank performance with the basis of cost efficiency. Empirical results show that problem loan, ownership structure, and market structure have a significant effect upon the bank performance
Information shares: Empirical evidence from the FTSE China A50 index and the iShares FTSE A50 China tracker.
Authors: Laih Yih-Wenn , Li Chun-An
Published: January 2017

We study the price discovery process and common factor weights of SS50 (the FTSE China A50 Index traded in Mainland China) and A50 (the iShares FTSE A50 China Tracker traded in Hong Kong) using daily open-to-open price pairs and close-to-close price pairs. Due to Qualified Domestic Institutional Investor (QDII) scheme (13 April 2006) and US subprime mortgage crisis (middle 2007), our sample, which covers from November 18, 2004 to October 31, 2008, is divided into three periods. We find A50 has a much larger common factor weight than SS50, and A50 dominants for both open and close prices during all periods. The QDII enlarges the contribution of SS50, but financial crisis reduces it.
The significance of R&D reporting as an element of corporate governance: normative implications and empirical evidence from Germany
Authors: Freidank Carl-Christian , Velte Patrick , Weber Stefan С.
Published: January 2017

Investment activity in research and development (R&D) represents a central component of a company policy directed toward shareholder value maximation. This article discusses business reporting about the corporate R&D activity, in which in addition to the depiction in the (consolidated) balance sheet the authors concentrate on the management reporting. As a result of the restrictions on recording R&D expenditures in the balance sheet according to the German law (“Handelsgesetzbuch” (HGB)) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), (consolidated) management reporting as the information interface between financial accounting and voluntary value reporting takes on a key position in corporate governance.
Does corporate ownership affect capital structures and adjustment of capital structures — evidences from Chinese listed companies
Authors: Wang Zhengwei , Lin Wei , Keefe Michael
Published: January 2017

In Chinese transition economy, compared with state-owned firms, private firms face higher financial friction in financing activities, but have more incentive to adjust toward optimal capital structure to maximize the shareholders‟ benefit. Based on panel data of China’s listed firms from 1998 to 2007, we compare the capital structures of state-owned and privately-owned listed firms. The empirical results show that there is structural difference in static capital structure between state-owned and private listed firms while controlling for firm characteristics. We then investigate the difference in dynamics of the capital structure between these two groups of firms. Further study results tell us that the adjustment to an optimal capital structure to be faster for the private firm than for the state-owned firm.
Ownership structure and performance in family businesses at early developmental stage: evidence from China
Authors: Qin Zhong , Deng Xin
Published: January 2017

This paper explores the impact of ownership structure on performance of family businesses at its early developmental stage in a context of under-developed market environment. Using a survey data of 296 private family firms in Ningbo, China, we find both management and single largest shareholder’s ownership is positively related to firm’s performance. However, family’s shareholding does not have significant impact on performance. Further inquiry on firm’s willingness to give shares to managers who are not family members indicates that while nearly half of the firms are willing to provide shares to professional managers, weak corporate governance mechanism and under-developed market may discourage such practice.
Corporate governance, minority shareholders and dynamic value: the Italian experience of the freeze-out
Authors: Romano Mauro
Published: January 2017

The principal subject of this paper is the analysis of the main corporate governance profiles that are directly or incidentally affected by the freeze-out and the study of the positive and normative factors impacting the determination of the strike price of the freeze-out. The work first aims to investigate the effect that can be generated by the forced exclusion of minority shareholders during the processes of acquisition and replacement of corporate control and, secondly to examine the share value drivers of the freeze-out, with the aim of combining the legislative functions with the laws of economic dynamics. The regulatory framework, which in Italy has recently undergone a major evolution as a result of approval, with Legislative Decree dated November 19th 2007 n. 229 of the 2004/25/EC Directive concerning tender offer process, is the background to issues of economic nature which will be investigated in this work.
Corporate governance and ADR effects on earnings quality in the Brazilian capital markets
Authors: de Almeida Jose Elias Feres , de Lima Gerlando Augusto Sampaio Franco , Lima Siqueira
Published: January 2017

The value relevance of accounting information has been tested in many studies, however, there are little evidence from Brazil about the content information in earnings and the improvement of its relevance according to adoption of better corporate governance practices and the cross listing on the NYSE. This study aims to verify the impact of earnings interactively with corporate governance levels of BOVESPA and ADR listing on the NYSE on firms’ market value measured by market-to-book ratio. Our sample is composed by 231 public companies’ listed and unlisted on special segments of governance at BOVESPA and on the NYSE from 2000 up to 2006, totalizing 1.253 observations. Methodologically, we present results of different estimation procedures such as Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) and panel data with Random Effects (RE) and Fixed Effects (FE) following Breusch-Pagan and Hausman Tests to indicate the best estimators. The results indicate that: i) BOVESPA’s corporate governance levels improve the content information of accounting earnings reported and enhance the coefficients; ii) earnings of firms’ which trade ADR on the NYSE are not relevant but, have positive coefficients and; iii) the content information in earnings of firms listed on Level 2 and level New Market are more relevant from firms on Level 1 or unlisted. This paper contributes with the discussion about accounting information relevance to the market, investors, regulators and practitioners, as well as, the role of corporate governance to improve information quality.
Corporate governance relationships in complex product development: evidence from the business aviation industry
Authors: Mustilli Mario , Izzo Filomena
Published: January 2017

Corporate Governance relationships have become more relevant to the changed nature of the firm, the role of human capital has become very important in managing the firm in those environments where the source of competitive advantage is strongly based on knowledge and intangible resources as in the case of complex product systems industries. The important role of this intangible asset in managing the complex environment has amplified the incompleteness of the agency theory, changing the nature of the Corporate Governance relationships and highlighting the role of the human capital. This paper attempts to describe, using Problem Solving Behaviour approach, how the Corporate Governance relationships work in high competitive and complex environments as in case of the business aviation industry.
Corporate governance, CSR and using mental models in employee retention
Authors: Naude Marita
Published: January 2017

The value added contribution of this article is twofold. Firstly, this article advocates that Board members, Directors and Managers must have a clear understanding that the mental models of employees and themselves influence the effectiveness of strategies implemented within an effective Corporate Governance (CG) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) framework. Secondly, this article uses data collected and findings from participants in Australia and South Africa regarding the factors (from their mental model) that retain them in their organisation as one example of how Board members, Directors and Managers could explore the mental models of their employees regarding retention and then develop strategies (within a CSR framework) based on a solid CG foundation.
Regulation of Glucose Uptake and Enteroendocrine Function by the Intestinal Epithelial Insulin Receptor
Authors: Ussar Siegfried , Haering Max-Felix , Fujisaka Shiho , Lutter Dominik , Lee Kevin Y. , Li Ning , Gerber Georg K. , Bry Lynn , Kahn C. Ronald
Published: January 2017

Insulin receptors (IRs) and IGF-I receptors (IGF-IR) are major regulators of metabolism and cell growth throughout the body; however, their roles in the intestine remain controversial. Here we show that genetic ablation of the IR or IGF-IR in intestinal epithelial cells of mice does not impair intestinal growth or development or the composition of the gut microbiome. However, the loss of IRs alters intestinal epithelial gene expression, especially in pathways related to glucose uptake and metabolism. More importantly, the loss of IRs reduces intestinal glucose uptake. As a result, mice lacking the IR in intestinal epithelium retain normal glucose tolerance during aging compared with controls, which show an age-dependent decline in glucose tolerance. Loss of the IR also results in a reduction of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) expression from enteroendocrine K-cells and decreased GIP release in vivo after glucose ingestion but has no effect on glucagon-like peptide 1 expression or secretion. Thus, the IR in the intestinal epithelium plays important roles in intestinal gene expression, glucose uptake, and GIP production, which may contribute to pathophysiological changes in individuals with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and other insulin-resistant states.
First Infant Formula Type and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study
Authors: Hummel Sandra , Beyerlein Andreas , Tamura Roy , Uusitalo Ulla , Andrén Aronsson Carin , Yang Jimin , Riikonen Anne , Lernmark Åke , Rewers Marian J. , Hagopian William A. , She Jin-Xiong , Simell Olli G. , Toppari Jorma , Ziegler Anette-G. , Akolkar Beena , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Virtanen Suvi M. , Norris Jill M. ,   the TEDDY Study Group
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE

Studies on the introduction of infant formulas and its effect on the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D) have yielded inconsistent results. We investigated whether the introduction of formula based on hydrolyzed cow’s milk as the first formula is associated with reduced islet autoimmunity risk in a large prospective cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study prospectively monitors 8,676 children at increased genetic risk for T1D. Autoantibodies to insulin, GAD65, and IA2 were measured regularly to define islet autoimmunity. Information on formula feeding was collected by questionnaires at 3 months of age.

RESULTS

In survival analyses, after adjustment for family history with T1D, HLA genotype, sex, country, delivery mode, breast-feeding ≥3 months, and seasonality of birth, we observed no significant association with islet autoimmunity in infants who received extensively hydrolyzed compared with nonhydrolyzed cow’s milk–based formula as the first formula during the first 3 months (adjusted hazard ratio 1.38 [95% CI 0.95; 2.01]), and a significantly increased risk for extensively hydrolyzed formula introduced during the first 7 days (adjusted hazard ratio 1.57 [1.04; 2.38]). Using a partially hydrolyzed or other formula as the first formula, or no formula, was not associated with islet autoimmunity risk.

CONCLUSIONS

These results add to the existing evidence that islet autoimmunity risk is not reduced, and may be increased, by using hydrolyzed compared with nonhydrolyzed cow’s milk–based infant formula as the first formula in infants at increased genetic risk for T1D.
Taphonomic Historiography: Excavating and Exhuming the Past in Suzan-Lori Parks’s The America Play
Authors: Spalink Angenette
Published: January 2017

This essay examines Suzan-Lori Parks’s The America Play from an ecocritical perspective, analysing the play’s use of soil and its somatic, social, ecological, and historical significance. Taphonomy and historiography are put into conversation, as both disciplines investigate the processes that govern the persistence of remains over time and, thus, generate tools for theatre and performance studies. The essay contends that the Foundling Father’s repetitive digging in the soil communicates meaning regarding the history of antebellum slaves in the United States. It employs Deleuze and Guattari’s theories of affect and immanent philosophy to argue that the Foundling Father becomes Lincoln in the affective sense, as he unearths what Deleuze and Guattari call “concepts” that “reterritorialize” history. Layered on the imagery of slavery and predicated on a literal descent into historical earth, this affective relationship allows for a powerful interrogation and reconstruction of the dominant narratives of history.
Dramatizing Queer Visibility inEl público: Federico García Lorca in Search of a Modern Theatre
Authors: De Witte Ben
Published: January 2017

As perhaps no other of Federico García Lorca’s works for the stage, his unfinished and posthumously published play El público (“the public” or “the audience”) stands out for its formal difficulty and idiosyncrasy: called unstageable and “a poem to be booed at” by Lorca, El público is an iconoclastic metatheatrical drama that draws on international vanguardist desires to offend rather than to entertain audiences. However, few commentators have explicitly connected the play’s radical vision for the theatre to its concern with queer representation, or what I call queer visibility. This article argues that El público self-consciously dramatizes a search for a modern theatre by reflecting on the spectator’s ability to see and endure queer visibility on stage. Applying an unapologetically queer reading to the play’s absorption of international influences, this article also aims to recover El público for the canon of queer modernist drama.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Utility and Potential for High Altitude Crew Recovery Missions
Authors: Galdamez Laura A. , Clark Jonathan B. , Antonsen Erik L.
Published: January 2017

INTRODUCTION: Flights to high altitude can lead to exposure and unique pathology not seen in normal commercial aviation.METHODS: This paper assesses the potential for point-of-care ultrasound to aid in management and disposition of injured crewmembers from a high altitude
incident. This was accomplished through a systematic literature review regarding current diagnostic and therapeutic uses of ultrasound for injuries expected in high altitude free fall and parachuting.RESULTS: While current research supports its utility in diagnostics, therapeutic
procedures, and triage decisions, little research has been done regarding its utility in high altitude specific pathology, but its potential has been demonstrated.DISCUSSION: An algorithm was created for use in high altitude missions, in the event of an emergency descent and traumatic
landing for an unconscious and hypotensive pilot, to rule out most life threatening causes. Each endpoint includes disposition, allowing concise decision-making.Galdamez LA, Clark JB, Antonsen EL. Point-of-care ultrasound utility and potential for high altitude crew recovery missions. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(2):128–136.
Simulated Microgravity Effects on Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration
Authors: Chung Jae Ho , Ahn Chi Bum , Son Kuk Hui , Yi Eunjue , Son Ho Sung , Kim Han-Sung , Lee Sung Ho
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND: Despite improvements in medical technology, lung cancer metastasis remains a global health problem. The effects of microgravity on cell morphology, structure, functions, and their mechanisms have been widely studied; however, the biological effects of simulated microgravity
on the interaction between cells and its eventual influence on the characteristics of cancer cells are yet to be discovered. We examined the effects of simulated microgravity on the metastatic ability of different lung cancer cells using a random positioning machine.METHODS: Human
lung cancer cell lines of adenocarcinoma (A549) and squamous cell carcinoma (H1703) were cultured in a 3D clinostat system which was continuously rotated at 5 rpm for 36 h. The experimental and control group were cultured under identical conditions with the exception of clinorotation.RESULTS:
Simulated microgravity had different effects on each lung cancer cell line. In A549 cells, the proliferation rate of the clinostat group (2.267 ± 0.010) after exposure to microgravity did not differ from that of the control group (2.271 ± 0.020). However, in H1703 cells, the
proliferation rates of the clinostat group (0.534 ± 0.021) was lower than that of the control group (1.082 ± 0.021). The migratory ability of both A549 [remnant cell-free area: 33% (clinostat) vs. 78% (control)] and H1703 cells [40% (clinostat) vs. 68% (control)] were increased
after exposure to microgravity. The results of the molecular changes in biomarkers after exposure to microgravity are preliminary.DISCUSSION: Simulated microgravity had different effects on the proliferation and migration of different lung cancer cell lines.Chung JH, Ahn CB,
Son KH, Yi E, Son HS, Kim H-S, Lee SH. Simulated microgravity effects on nonsmall cell lung cancer cell proliferation and migration. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(2):82–89.
Neck and Shoulder Muscle Activation Among Experienced and Inexperienced Pilots in +Gz Exposure
Authors: Honkanen Tuomas , Oksa Juha , Mäntysaari Matti J. , Kyröläinen Heikki , Avela Janne
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to compare differences in electromyography (EMG) activation of the neck and shoulder muscles between groups of inexperienced and experienced pilots during controlled +Gz exposure in a centrifuge. METHODS: The subjects were volunteer cadets (inexperienced group) and lieutenants (experienced group) undergoing their first centrifuge training. The first group did not have any high performance aircraft (HPA) experience, while the latter one had a 1-yr experience of intense flying of HPA. During the centrifuge run, EMG activity was recorded from the left and right shoulder, neck flexor, and neck extensor muscles. RESULTS: The pilots without HPA experience had significantly higher muscle activity in the neck flexor and extensor muscles during the last 5 s of the recorded period at G levels exceeding +7.4. DISCUSSION: Muscle activity in the neck and shoulder muscles was gradually higher among the whole study group with increasing +Gz forces. Because pilots without any HPA experience had significantly higher muscle activity than their counterparts with experience of HPA, we suppose that the experience of high +Gz forces might lead to lower muscle activation in the same flight mission. Honkanen T, Oksa J, Mäntysaari MJ, Kyröläinen H, Avela J. Neck and Shoulder Muscle Activation Among Experienced and Inexperienced Pilots in +Gz Exposure. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(2):90–95.
Additive Effects of Sinusoidal Lower Body Negative Pressure on Cardiovascular Responses
Authors: Ishibashi Keita , Oyama Fuyuki , Yoshida Hisao , Iwanaga Koichi
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND: Sinusoidal lower body negative pressure (SLBNP) has been used to investigate the cardiovascular response to slow periodic changes in blood shifts, but measurements of slow fluctuations take a long time if measured for each period of SLBNP separately. Our study aimed
to investigate whether the cardiovascular responses to superimposed SLBNP (S-SLBNP), which is expected to reduce the measurement time, are different from responses measured individually.METHODS: S-SLBNP was configured by superimposing two conventional SLBNPs (C-SLBNP) at 180-s and
30-s periods in the pressure range from 0 to −25 mmHg. As the S-SLBNP has double the static load of C-SLBNP, we also used offset SLBNP (O-SLBNP), which has the same static load level as S-SLBNP. Heart rate (HR), thoracic impedance (Z0), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were
measured from 11 male subjects. The transfer functions of gains from MAP to HR (Gain-HR/MAP) and from Z0 to HR (Gain-HR/Z0) were calculated as indexes of arterial baroreflex and cardiopulmonary baroreflex regulation of HR, respectively.RESULTS: The Gain-HR/MAP
in the 180-s period (2.11 ± 0.17 bpm/mmHg; mean ± SEM) was larger than that of the 30-s period (1.04 ± 0.09 bpm/mmHg); however, there was no significant difference between the SLBNP conditions. The Gain-HR/Z0 in C-SLBNP (9.37 ± 1.47 bpm/ohm) was smaller
than that of the other conditions [18.46 ± 2.45 bpm/ohm (O-SLBNP); 16.09 ± 2.29 bpm/ohm (S-SLBNP)].DISCUSSION: Using S-SLBNP could reduce the measurement time needed to examine the arterial baroreflex. However, the cardiopulmonary baroreflex was modified by the static
load of SLBNP.Ishibashi K, Oyama F, Yoshida H, Iwanaga K. Additive effects of sinusoidal lower body negative pressure on cardiovascular responses. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(2):137–141.
Temporal and Spiritual: Prolegomenon to the More - St. German Controversy
Authors: Rockett William
Published: January 2017

In spite of the recent modest interest in Christopher St. German, we have little to go on when contemplating the beginning of his career in controversy at about the time of the second session of the Reformation Parliament. However, a work that has gone almost unnoticed by students of St. German’s role in Cromwellian reform is a set of proposals for parliamentary authority in spiritual matters that were appended to the 1531 editions of A dyaloge in Englysshe and The Secunde dyaloge in Englysshe. These proposais, which bore the heading “Newe Addycyons,” are the earliest certain indication of St. German’s interest in several controversial bills and petitions that were before parliament in the sessions of 1529 and 1531; and they amount to persuasive evidence that it was not the divorce but, rather, the question of parliament’s authority to rule in ecclesiastical matters that led him into controversy.
Christopher St. German’s Doctor and Student: From Legal Debate to Religious Division
Authors: Young Archibald
Published: January 2017

In the First Dialogue of Doctor and Student, Christopher St. German addressed an audience of lawyers and judges for whom he sought to clarify the relation between Chancery and courts of common law. By the time he turned to the Second Dialogue, St. German was directing his attention to a more general public, and shifting his interest to the role of conscience in chancery law. Comparing the use of that principle in secular and ecclesiastical courts, he concluded that the former offered better legal remedies, but acknowledged that the jurisdiction of secular courts could not be enlarged effectively unless English law was changed. St. German contributed to Henry VIII’s anti-clerical campaign in a third dialogue, titled New Additions, which outlined new parliamentary measures aimed at limiting the jurisdiction of ecclesiastical courts.
John Guy’s Thomas More: On the Dimensions of Political Biography
Authors: Headley John M.
Published: January 2017

John Guy’s full-length biography of Thomas More proves both intellectually stimulating and historically clarifying. Committed at the outset to a broad skepticism, denying the possibility of a truly historical biography of More on account of the plethora of myths and icons created both during the subject’s own life and by posterity, he proceeds to demolish these obstacles, much to the interest of any reader. Yet while most can draw satisfaction from the work of this highly competent legal/political historian, one cannot help but feel that he discloses the emerging flaw in his own enterprise, when very early he hazards the suggestion that More probably wanted most to be remembered for his stand against Henry VIII. In an imperialist mobilization and ruthless reduction of all the evidence to the political activities and import of More’s life, he produces a political biography, which for all its clarifications fails to do justice to the religious dimension of More’s being.