bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hipertensi Resisten: Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana
Authors: Rachmawan Yogi Puji , Pratiwi Witri
Published: January 2025

Hipertensi resisten masih menjadi salah satu masalah yang dihadapi oleh klinisi dalam praktek sehari-hari. Penegakan diagnosis hipertensi resisten memerlukan eksklusi adanya pseudo-resistensi. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kriteria diagnosis hipertensi resisten dan tatalaksananya sehingga dapat menjadi acuan dalam manajemen terapi yang optimal. Metode yang dilakukan adalah melalui kajian literatur (literature review) dari artikel ilmiah hasil penelitian yang dipublikasikan di jurnal, data kementerian kesehatan, dan pedoman tatalaksana (guidelines), baik nasional maupun internasional. Literatur yang dikumpulkan berkaitan dengan data epidemiologi hipertensi, hipertensi resisten, diagnosis dan manajemen terapi. Pencarian data dilakukan melalui database Google Scholar, PubMed dan Scopus dengan memasukkan kata kunci. Hipertensi resisten didiagnosis bila tekanan darah belum terkontrol walaupun sudah mendapatkan obat anti hipertensi lebih dari 3 jenis dengan salah satunya golongan diuretik atau tekanan darah pasien baru terkontrol setelah mendapatkan ³4 jenis obat anti hipertensi. Manajemen terapi meliputi non-farmakologis, farmakologis dan intervensi device.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Flashcard Digital Untuk Meningkatkan kemampuan Kosakata Pada Anak Autisme Di Surakarta
Authors: Azizah Mardhiatul , Putri Anggi Resina , Setyaningsih Wiwik
Published: January 2025

Penggunaan kosakata menjadi salah satu aspek penting dalam perkembangan bahasa. Pada anak-anak, masa kanak-kanak merupakan periode optimal untuk pengembangan kosakata. Anak autisme sering mengalami keterlambatan bahasa dan kemampuan berbicara yang terbatas, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan kosakata. Penggunaan flashcard, terbukti membantu meningkatkan kemampuan kosakata. Flashcard digital yang dirancang secara menarik dapat memberikan stimulasi visual dan kognitif, sehingga efektif untuk mendukung perkembangan bahasa, terutama bagi anak dengan autisme. Untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan flashcard digital untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kosakata pada anak autisme di Surakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian adalah pre- experimental design dan menggunakan one group pretest-posttest design sebagai metode pendekatan pengambilan data. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan sampel berjumlah 15 reponden. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Wilcoxon. Hasil uji Wilcoxon didapatkan nilai sig. 0.000 yang berarti p<0.05 sehingga Ha diterima bahwa penggunaan flashcard digital efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kosakata pada anak autisme di Surakarta
Rare Occasions: Tidal Disruption Events Rarely Power the AGNs Observed in Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Tan Joanne , Yang 杨 Guang 光 , Walsh Jonelle L. , Brandt W. N. , Luo Bin , Bauer Franz E. , Chen Chien-Ting , Sun Mouyuan , Xue Yongquan
Published: January 2025

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) could be an important growth channel for massive black holes in dwarf galaxies. Theoretical work suggests that the observed active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in dwarf galaxies are predominantly TDE-powered. To assess this claim, we perform variability analyses on the dwarf-hosted AGNs detected in the 7 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South survey, with observations spanning ≈16 yr. Based on the spectral energy distribution modeling with x-cigale, we select AGNs hosted by dwarf galaxies (stellar mass below 1010
M
⊙). We focus on X-ray sources with full-band detections, leading to a sample of 78 AGNs (0.122 ≤ z ≤ 3.515). We fit the X-ray light curves with a canonical TDE model of t
−5/3 and a constant model. If the former outperforms the latter in fitting quality for a source, we consider the source as a potential TDE. We identify five potential TDEs, constituting a small fraction of our sample. Using true- and false-positive rates obtained from fitting models to simulated light curves, we perform Bayesian analysis to obtain the posterior of the TDE fraction for our sample. The posterior peaks close to zero (2.56%), and we obtain a 2σ upper limit of 9.80%. Therefore, our result indicates that the observed AGNs in dwarf galaxies are not predominantly powered by TDEs.
Coordinated Velocity Shift of Multiple C iv and Si iv Broad Absorption Lines in Quasar SDSS J113048.45+225206.6
Authors: Lu 陆 Wei-Jian 伟坚 , Lin 林 Ying-Ru 樱如
Published: January 2025

We present an analysis of the coordinated velocity shifts observed in multiple C iv and Si iv broad absorption lines (BALs) in the quasar SDSS J113048.45+225206.6. The quasar exhibits an extensive BAL system spanning a velocity range of approximately 13,000 km s−1, which can be further delineated into five absorption systems (A1 to A5). Our analysis revealed coordinated velocity shifts in the C iv BALs of systems A1 and A2 and in the Si iv BALs of systems A2 and A3. These shifts were accompanied by coordinated variations in equivalent widths, which can be attributed to changes in the ionization state of the clouds in response to fluctuations in the ionizing continuum. By comparing the absorption line systems, we deduced that the velocity-shifted systems (A1 to A3) are located closer to the central engine, possess higher velocities, and are in a higher ionization state compared to the nonshifted systems (A4 to A5). These characteristics suggest that the outflow producing the velocity-shifted systems is situated in a more extreme environment and is more severely impacted by background radiation energy than the nonshifted systems. Furthermore, the synchronization of these velocity shifts across multiple components suggests a common underlying mechanism. Consequently, we infer that the coordinated velocity-shift signatures may indicate actual deceleration of the outflow clouds, driven by radiation pressure from the background light source.
Haciendo ciencia en femenino: Filomena Ramírez y las estrategias de las maestras para producir y divulgar conocimiento en Chile
Authors: Gandara Natalia , Ramírez Errázuriz Verónica
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo estudia el rol de la profesora y bióloga chilena, Filomena Ramírez, como productora y divulgadora de conocimiento científico. El análisis se centra en el periodo de entre siglos (XIX-XX) y se enmarca en los procesos de institucionalización, profesionalización y especialización de las ciencias en América Latina, así como en la participación de las mujeres en estos. El artículo se basa, por una parte, en estudios de historiadores de la ciencia sobre la relevancia de los públicos, así como de las relaciones entre expertos y legos, y entre profesionales y aficionados; y, por otra, incluye fuentes documentales que permiten comprender la trayectoria científica de Filomena Ramírez. Finalmente, se demuestra, a través del caso de esta chilena, que las pedagogas de primaria y secundaria ejercieron no solo como mediadoras del saber, sino también como agentes activos en la generación de nuevo conocimiento.
Ida Baccini (1850-1911), une féministe modérée
Authors: Colin Mariella
Published: January 2025

Ida Baccini (1850-1911) fut une journaliste et une écrivaine du royaume d’Italie. Auteure d’un grand nombre de livres pour les écoles et pour l’enfance (notamment pour les petites filles), elle défendit longtemps des idées traditionnelles pour l’éducation des femmes, destinées à devenir de bonnes épouses et de bonnes mères. Mais au début du xxe siècle elle rejeta ses opinions conservatrices et se déclara féministe. Ses derniers ouvrages − La mia vita (1904), Tra suocera e nuora (1909) – témoignent de ce changement. Son engagement en faveur de l’émancipation féminine resta toutefois modéré, et ne donna pas lieu à une attitude franchement militante.
« J’avance attentive car j’avance seule ». La question de l’émancipation féminine dans la littérature sentimentale italienne (1919-1935)
Authors: Meazzi Barbara
Published: January 2025

Quand et que se passe-t-il quand la protagoniste d’un roman découvre que le mariage ne coïncide point avec le bonheur rêvé ? Qu’arrive-t-il à celle qui choisit de rester seule ? Qu’en est-il des romans qui racontent l’histoire de femmes préférant une solitude digne à une union malheureuse ? Sans s’attarder sur les différences entre émancipationnisme et féminisme au début du xxe siècle, et sans revenir sur les batailles et les débats sur le divorce qui enflamment l’opinion publique italienne entre 1878 et 1902, on partira ici de l’hypothèse selon laquelle la solitude qu’Amalia Guglielminetti revendique en 1907 en affirmant être celle qui « avance attentive parce qu’[elle] avance seule » est, d’un point de vue littéraire, révolutionnaire et subversive. Pour démontrer la validité de mon hypothèse, ont été sélectionnées quatre romancières, Rosa Rosà, Amalia Guglielminetti, Fausta Cialente et Diotima, auteures de quatre romans significativement publiés entre 1919 et la première moitié des années 30, c’est-à-dire entre le retour des hommes de la guerre (et les conséquences que cela implique pour les femmes) et le renforcement de la politique démografique fasciste.
Une approche des genres textuels par la prototypicalité : perspectives pédagogiques
Authors: Brantley Kate
Published: January 2025

Où commence et où finit un genre ? Cette question fondamentale a été posée dans l’œuvre phare de Swales, Genre Analysis, en 1990. Pour y répondre, il a suggéré que l’application de la théorie de prototypicalité de Rosch (1975) offre une approche plus flexible et moins problématique pour la catégorisation des genres que l’application d’une définition rigide. Selon cette approche les textes individuels sont considérés en fonction de leur proximité avec un exemple représentatif. Dans la salle de classe, une approche par la « prototypicalité » est apte à résoudre plusieurs difficultés liées à l’utilisation du concept de genre, telles que la prise en compte de la variation et de l’évolution des genres. Cette étude examine l’utilité d’une approche par la prototypicalité dans le contexte des cours de LANSAD pour les étudiants de deuxième année en Culture et Médias à l’Université de Lille. Dans le contexte d’un programme visant à développer leur genre awareness, c’est-à-dire leur sensibilisation à la façon dont les genres fonctionnent dans la société, les étudiants ont été amenés à évaluer la prototypicalité générique de 6 textes différents. Ainsi, un corpus d’évaluations d’étudiants sur la prototypicalité générique de différents textes a été constitué. Dans cet article, nous décrivons le développement et l’analyse de ce corpus ainsi que ses perspectives pédagogiques.
Analyse des erreurs de collocations dans les écrits universitaires : étude comparative chez quelques étudiants allophones et francophones
Authors: Pirooz Azadeh
Published: January 2025

Cet article examine les collocations transdisciplinaires de type verbe-nom comme mener une étude, effectuer une analyse, dans les écrits universitaires des étudiants natifs et non natifs du français. En analysant 60 textes constitués de synthèses et de résumés d’articles produits par ces étudiants au cours de leur parcours universitaire, nous avons utilisé une grille d’erreurs pour identifier et évaluer les collocations transdisciplinaires. Cette analyse a mis en lumière les erreurs fréquentes et les tendances observées. Les résultats révèlent un processus d’apprentissage en cours. Les étudiants natifs et non natifs améliorent leur maîtrise des collocations au fil du temps, mais les natifs partent d’un niveau plus élevé et progressent de manière plus uniforme. On observe une diminution des erreurs grammaticales et contextuelles chez les non‑natifs en passant de Master 1 à Master 2. Cependant, ils rencontrent des difficultés importantes sur le plan lexical en M2, probablement en raison de la complexité du lexique et des structures qu’ils tentent de maîtriser. Cette analyse souligne l’importance cruciale d’une acculturation aux collocations transdisciplinaires pour améliorer la compétence linguistique des étudiants dans un contexte académique exigeant.
Evaluating the Resilience of Brazilian Energy Firms on B3
Authors: Silva Vaz Larissa Cristina , Leão Zelma Alves , de Macena Araújo Risolene Alves , Silva Adriana Rodrigues
Published: January 2025

In this chapter, the authors examine the connection between investments in innovation and the sustainable performance of companies operating within the Oil, Gas, and Biofuels sector, specifically those listed on the B3 stock exchange, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample for this analysis consisted of nine companies. The data analysis occurred in 2020, with 2019 data used for comparative purposes. This choice was motivated by the World Health Organization's declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic, which ushered in significant economic, social, and environmental consequences for organizations. The study revealed no substantial disparity in innovation investments between 2020 and 2019. However, it did unveil a moderately positive relationship between overall innovation efforts and sustainable performance. This outcome likely stemmed from the consistent commitment of organizations in the examined sector to investing in innovation, enhance their engagement with stakeholders and adhere to corporate social responsibility principles.
Stakeholders' Views on Ai-Powered Chatbots for Enhancing Student Support Services in Nigerian Universities: A Case Study of Al-Hikmah University
Authors: Suleiman Y. , Akanbi I. M. , Ibrahim Y. O. , Emeruem I. C.
Published: January 2025

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education has led to growing interest in the use of AI-powered chatbots to enhance student support services. This qualitative study explores stakeholders' views on AI-powered chatbots for enhancing student support services in Nigerian universities: a case study of Al-Hikmah university. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 46 university administrators, faculty members, IT staff, and students, alongside focus group discussions with students, to gather diverse perspectives on this emerging technology. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes related to the perceived benefits, such as improved efficiency, personalized support, and 24/7 availability of services, as well as challenges, including concerns about data privacy, lack of human interaction, and potential technical issues. Findings suggest that while stakeholders acknowledge the potential for AI-powered chatbots to streamline administrative tasks and enhance student experience, there are reservations about their readiness and the infrastructural demands for effective implementation. The study concludes by highlighting the need for comprehensive training, improved infrastructure, and stakeholder involvement to ensure the successful adoption of AI-powered chatbots in student support services. These views provide valuable in-formation for policymakers and university administrators considering AI-driven solutions for improving student support in Nigerian universities.
Understanding Women’s Horrors in Refugee Camps through Silence is My Mother Tongue
Authors: Adhikari Tara Prasad
Published: January 2025

The study on “Understanding Women's Horrors in Refugee Camps through Silence is My Mother Tongue” explores the psychological and social challenges faced by women refugees in refugee camps worldwide. Using a semi fictional narrative from Silence is My Mother Tongue by Sulaiman Addonia, this study examines the mental health impacts of displacement and the compounded marginalization of refugee women in patriarchal societies. It addresses key thematic issues such as identity construction, resilience, gender-based violence, female autonomy and social protection. This paper also critically reviews human rights frameworks and the role of humanitarian agencies in addressing the needs of female refugees. The study emphasizes the importance of gender-sensitive policies and aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on gender justice for displaced women. Using a literary research paradigm, the paper discusses how refugee women navigate their experiences in the camps offering insight into the broader implications for policy and humanitarian practice.
Anxiety and Depression among Officer Cadets during the Army Basic Training in the Sri Lankan Army
Authors: De Silva Savithri Vishmika , Dissanayake Malathie
Published: January 2025

Depression and anxiety are common mental health conditions among the Army cadet officers that have been extensively studied in the world across varying populations. They are vulnerable enough to develop such conditions due to the military training process and adjustment issues. However, mental health conditions of the Army officer cadets have seldom been studied in Sri Lanka. The current study was conducted to examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Army officer cadets during basic army training and associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 236 officer cadets, ranging in age from 18 to 27 years who have had the training recently. A self-reported questionnaire which included the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale- 21 and General Health Questionnire-30 was used to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety. Prevalence of anxiety was 43% while the depression was reported 22% among the studied cadet officers. Findings suggest the importance of providing mental health support for these individuals during basic army training. Implementing tailored mental health support programmes that provide accessible resources, counseling services, and coping mechanism training will help officer cadets improve their mental well-being.
Assessing Flipped Classroom Techniques for Business Management Education in Bangladesh
Authors: Mia Nahid
Published: January 2025

In the 21st century, Business Management students are becoming increasingly aware of the economic, technological, societal and global market dynamics shaping their fields. In response, educators must adapt to these evolving needs to effectively meet the demands of modern learners. Traditional teaching methods must be updated to foster the higher-order skills that are in high demand by employers. To engage students and cultivate these critical skills, a variety of pedagogical strategies are being implemented. One such strategy is the flipped classroom, which emphasizes application-based learning and active student participation, promoting higher-order thinking skills through a blended learning approach. This study seeks to assess the applicability of the flipped classroom strategy in Business Management classrooms in Bangladesh, ensuring alignment with the country's university curriculum. The research primarily draws on secondary data from various literature sources to explore both the significance and challenges of implementing the flipped classroom approach in Business Management education in Bangladesh. A critical evaluation of current practices highlights their limitations and underscores the potential of the flipped classroom in fostering higher-order thinking skills. Additionally, the study presents a lesson plan, and rubrics developed based on the flipped classroom model, informed by the existing literature. The research also identifies potential challenges to implementation and explores how the flipped classroom strategy can support the development of higher-order skills among students. It is anticipated that this study will benefit tutors, academic institutions, education policymakers and administrators in Bangladesh by offering insights and strategies to enhance the employability skills of Business Management graduates.
Editorial
Authors: Weerakoon Shyama R.
Published: January 2025

No abstract available
New Candidate Cultivars from TRI 5000 Series for Up - Country Tea Growing Region
Authors: Kottawa-Arachchi J. D. , Ranatunga M. A. B. , Ranaweera K. K. , Sinniah G. D. , Karunajeeva D. G. N. P. , Navaratna N. , Abeysekara A. R. , Senanayake P. D. , Mohotti K. M. , Jayasinghe L. , Weerawardena W. M. S. , Priyanthi W. , Fernando M. S. C. , Tharangika H. B.
Published: January 2025

Tea Research Institute has released new TRI 5000 series cultivars suitable for up country tea growing region of Sri Lanka. After vigorous evaluations for 27 years, release of four cultivars viz. TRI 5001, TRI 5002, TRI 5003 and TRI 5004 provides growers with diversified options for their fields. New tea cultivars recorded around 10-15% yield increase compared to existing TRI 2000, TRI 3000 and TRI 4000 series cultivars. All four tea cultivars are resistant to Blister Blight disease, the most severe leaf disease in the up-country. TRI 5001 and TRI 5002 cultivars produce high quality black tea and TRI 5003 cultivar produces moderate quality black tea. TRI 5003 cultivar is highly tolerant to root nematodes and other three cultivars are moderately tolerant to root nematode. TRI 5002, TRI 5003 and TRI 5004 cultivars show moderate susceptibility to Shot Hole Borer. TRI 5000 series cultivars possess combination of key traits and characteristics with enhanced adaptability to diverse environments and grower acceptability to ensure increased productivity and profitability in tea plantations in the up-country region.
Symptomological Variations in Tea caused by Six Isolates of the Root Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus Loosi in Sri Lanka
Authors: Amarasena P. G. D. S. , Mohotti K. M. , Costa D. M. , Prematunga A. K.
Published: January 2025

The root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus loosi is the major nematode species causing significant above-ground and below-ground stress symptoms in tea. Unusual spread and damage levels of P. loosi were evident in all tea growing regions in the recent past and warranted in-depth studies on symptomology and pathogenicity caused by different P. loosi populations. Hence, a series of studies was conducted to assess the pathogenicity and symptomology of different P. loosi populations under controlled conditions and in P. loosi infested fields in six locations in Sri Lanka i.e. Cicilton (Balangoda), Delmar (Ragala), Hapugastenna (Ratnapura), Mahadowa (Passara), Nawalapitiya and Richiland (Deniyaya).  The data revealed six different P. loosi populations causing damage to tea with significantly different virulence and pathogenicity levels and causing varying symptoms. Cicilton population seemed highly virulent at soil temperature 24 oC showing significantly higher reduction in plant height (52.3%) and root weight (42.6%). However, Richiland (Deniyaya) population caused significantly higher reduction (58.67%) in shoot weight. Data also confirmed significantly different virulence and pathogenicity levels of P. loosi triggered by changing soil temperatures.  Overall, the six isolates of P. loosi showed irreversible damage to tea at different magnitudes in different agro ecological regions and elevations.  Stunting of plants, root lesions, fall of feeder roots/fragments, flowering and fruiting as triggered through hormonal imbalances and dry matter production were symptoms in tea.  These warranted appropriate isolate/location specific nematode management and mitigation strategies in different tea growing regions.
The parent-doctor-child triangle: a structural equation modeling-based study in pediatric outpatient clinics in Indonesia
Authors: Idarto Areta , Antonio Ferdi
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Parental satisfaction is essential for evaluating pediatric care quality and influences healthcare practices and performance. Pediatric patients frequently experience anxiety, affecting their and their parents’ satisfaction. Nurses play a key role in reducing anxiety and improving care interactions. Meeting parents’ expectations shapes long-term outcomes and impacts the hospital’s reputation. While instruments such as the Child ZAP (Zufriedenheit in der Arztpraxis) provide comprehensive measures of satisfaction, their use in Indonesia has not been explored. This study aimed to validate the Child ZAP and offer insights to improve pediatric care quality in Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 139 mothers whose children were older than 5 years and received treatment at private hospitals. Structured questionnaires were analyzed using partial least squared-structural equation modeling in SmartPLS 4, and a disjoint two-stage method was used to test dimensionality.Results: All hypotheses were significant (p<.05), demonstrating strong support. All Child ZAP dimensions, treated as lower-order constructs, effectively measured parents’ satisfaction as a higher-order construct. Overall parental satisfaction significantly influenced behavioral intention and mediated its relationship with Child ZAP. The mother’s and the child’s age served as moderating factors. The research model exhibited strong predictive power, underscoring pediatric nurses’ pivotal role in improving communication among parents, physicians, and children to ensure quality care.Conclusion: The Child ZAP instrument effectively evaluates parental satisfaction by examining how children interact and communicate with medical staff. It assesses doctors’ engagement with children and their communication skills, highlighting nurses’ essential role in providing family-centered pediatric care.
Socioecological factors influencing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among adolescents in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ra Jin Suk , Kim Sun Hwa
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study explored the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and school factors, following the socioecological model, associated with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in Korean high-school students.Methods: A total of 231 students from first to third grade, aged 15–18 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors.Results: Among the intrapersonal factors, fast-food consumption (β=0.13, t=1.97, p=.050) and habit strength of SSB consumption were positively associated (β=0.35, t=4.30, p<.001), and sleep duration was negatively associated with SSB consumption (β=–0.14, t=–2.02, p=.045). Among interpersonal factors, perceived SSB consumption by peers was positively associated (β=0.30, t=4.93, p<.001), and among school factors, vending machines at school (β=0.13, t=2.07, p=.039) and supermarkets and convenience stores near schools were positively associated with SSB consumption (β=0.17, t=2.87, p=.005).Conclusion: School nurses should propose policies and interventions that consider the multilevel factors to reduce SSB consumption in adolescents.
Automated Chemiluminescent Hair Cortisol Measurement and Its Association with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Case-Control Study in Latin American Adults
Authors: Machulsky Nahuel Fernandez , Colla Julian , Gonzalez Diego , Fortuna Federico , Ibar Carolina , Jamardo Juan , Gagliardi Juan , Fabre Bibiana , Berg Gabriela
Published: January 2025

Background:

Chronic and psychosocial stresses are the emerging factors linked to cardiovascular disease. Assessment of cortisol levels in hair can serve as an indicator of an individual’s exposure to prolonged stressful events. For its evaluation, mass spectrometry is the reference method. However, because of its limitations for clinical laboratories, an automated chemiluminescent method was developed in our laboratory. The objective of the study is to evaluate the hair cortisol levels measured by an automated method and its association with psychosocial stress and cardiometabolic risk factors in a Latin American population.

Materials and Methods:

Hair samples were obtained from 56 consecutive patients hospitalized with an ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 56 consecutive controls randomly recruited in routine consultation. Perceived stress and social support were evaluated by the validated questionnaires. Hair cortisol was measured by an automated chemiluminescent method. Glycemia and lipoprotein profile were measured in serum samples.

Results:

Hair cortisol was significantly higher in patients than in controls (175 [40–424] vs. 60.5 [40–155] pg of cortisol/mg of hair [P < 0.001]). Hair cortisol was not related to age or body mass index; however, it was related to glycemia (r = 0.461, P < 0.001) and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TGs/HDL-c) index (r = 0.398, P = 0.001). Perceived stress was related to hair cortisol (r = 0.425, P < 0.001), age (r = 0.321, P = 0.01), and social support (r = −0.208, P = 0.028). TGs/HDL-c index and perceived stress partially explain hair cortisol variation ([F = 8.69, P = 0.004] and [F = 24.9, P < 0.001], respectively).

Conclusion:

We observed higher hair cortisol concentrations, measured by an automated method, in STEMI patients than in controls in a Latin American population. In addition, it was related to perceived stress and cardiometabolic parameters.
General practitioners’ attitude and performance about the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorder
Authors: Mosavi Asadolah , Shirazi Mandana , Gandomkar Roghayeh , Mohamadhoseinpour Hafez , Mojtahed Zadeh Rita , Afrasiabifar Ardashir
Published: January 2025

Background:

Despite the high prevalence of depression and the need for timely diagnosis and treatment, research results show different and sometimes contradictory attitudes and practices among general practitioners about depressed patients. This study investigated the attitude and performance of general practitioners in depression diagnosis and treatment.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 in Yasuj, Iran. One hundred and two general practitioners participated in this study using convenience sampling. The Revised Depression Attitude Assessment Questionnaire (R-DAQ) was used to collect participants’ attitudinal information regarding depression, and the checklists completed by standard patients were used to evaluate their performance status. The collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 software using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:

The average score of the overall attitude of the participants was 77.09 ± 21.03 and the average score in three domains, including professional trust in depression care, optimism in depression treatment, and public opinion about the occurrence of depression, its identification, and its management were 22.31 ± 6.47, 36.54 ± 9.51, and 19.05 ± 5.05, respectively. The mean score of overall diagnosis was 42.09 ± 19.24, and the mean score of treatment measures was 4.20 ± 3.06. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female participants in terms of performance score (P > 0.05). Also, the results showed that there was no correlation between the attitude score of the participants (dimensions and overall score) and the performance score (diagnosis and treatment).

Conclusion:

The findings of this study showed that the performance of general practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorder was relatively weak. Considering the high prevalence of depressive disorder in societies and the need for timely and appropriate diagnosis and treatment of this disorder, it is important to empower general practitioners in this regard. Therefore, medical schools and continuing education centers can play an essential role in solving this problem by revising the educational programs related to general practitioners.
Adiponectin as a potential mediator of the pro-cognitive effects of physical exercise on Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Guo Hui-Hui , Ou Hai-Ning , Yu Jia-Sui , Rosa Julia Macedo , Formolo Douglas Affonso , Cheng Tong , Yau Suk-Yu , Tsang Hector Wing Hong
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally. Physical exercise, as an effective strategy for improving general health, has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity, particularly in aging brains. However, the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear. Adiponectin, a cell-secreted protein hormone, has recently been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and mediate the antidepressant effects of physical exercise. Studies on the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin have revealed potential innovative treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Here, we reviewed the functions of adiponectin and its receptor in the brains of human and animal models of cognitive impairment. We summarized the role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease, focusing on its impact on energy metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammation. We also discuss how exercise increases adiponectin secretion and its potential benefits for learning and memory. Finally, we highlight the latest research on chemical compounds that mimic exercise- enhanced secretion of adiponectin and its receptor in Alzheimer's disease.
Synaptic and synchronic impairments in subcortical brain regions associated with early non-cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Riffo-Lepe Nicolás , González-Sanmiguel Juliana , Armijo-Weingart Lorena , Saavedra-Sieyes Paulina , Hernandez David , Ramos Gerson , Martín Loreto S. San , Aguayo Luis G.
Published: January 2025

For many decades, Alzheimer's disease research has primarily focused on impairments within cortical and hippocampal regions, which are thought to be related to cognitive dysfunctions such as memory and language deficits. The exact cause of Alzheimer's disease is still under debate, making it challenging to establish an effective therapy or early diagnosis. It is widely accepted that the accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide in the brain parenchyma leads to synaptic dysfunction, a critical step in Alzheimer's disease development. The traditional amyloid cascade model is initiated by accumulating extracellular amyloid-beta in brain areas essential for memory and language. However, while it is possible to reduce the presence of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain with newer immunotherapies, cognitive symptoms do not necessarily improve. Interestingly, recent studies support the notion that early alterations in subcortical brain regions also contribute to brain damage and precognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. A body of recent evidence suggests that early Alzheimer's disease is associated with alterations (e.g., motivation, anxiety, and motor impairment) in subcortical areas, such as the striatum and amygdala, in both human and animal models. Also, recent data indicate that intracellular amyloid-beta appears early in subcortical regions such as the nucleus accumbens, locus coeruleus, and raphe nucleus, even without extracellular amyloid plaques. The reported effects are mainly excitatory, increasing glutamatergic transmission and neuronal excitability. In agreement, data in Alzheimer's disease patients and animal models show an increase in neuronal synchronization that leads to electroencephalogram disturbances and epilepsy. The data indicate that early subcortical brain dysfunctions might be associated with non-cognitive symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, and motivation deficits, which precede memory loss and language alterations. Overall, the evidence reviewed suggests that subcortical brain regions could explain early dysfunctions and perhaps be targets for therapies to slow disease progression. Future research should focus on these non-traditional brain regions to reveal early pathological alterations and underlying mechanisms to advance our understanding of Alzheimer's disease beyond the traditionally studied hippocampal and cortical circuits.
La responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas en Alemania
Authors: Kubiciel Michael
Published: January 2025

Resumen: En Alemania no existe un verdadero Derecho penal para las personas jurídicas. En cambio, la ley permite imponer sanciones administrativas o “parapenales”. Una comparación jurídica de modelos del ordenamiento jurídico angloamericano y de conceptos discutidos en España y América Latina revela otras particularidades y muestra que el Derecho alemán ‑al menos en su forma legalista y su justificación dogmática‑ es cada vez más singular. Una mirada a la historia jurídica muestra que estas peculiaridades se basan principalmente en coincidencias históricas, no en necesidades dogmáticas. Las reformas son urgentemente necesarias.
A Multi-Time Scale FFRLS-AEKF Joint Algorithm for Lithium-Ion Battery
State of Charge Estimation
Authors: Liang Dan , Yang Bo , Liu Bing , Liu Shuai , Cao Chang
Published: January 2025

Accurate and reliable SOC estimation plays a vital role in the engineering
application and development of LIBs. A multi-time scale joint algorithm
combining FFRLS and AEKF is introduced in this paper. The FFRLS algorithm is
employed for online parameter identification of a second-order
resistance-capacitance ECM, while the AEKF algorithm estimates the SOC. To
account for the time-varying nature of model parameters and SOC, different
sampling periods are selected, enabling the parameter identification and SOC
estimation processes to operate on distinct time scales. Experimental results
demonstrate that, under constant current conditions at room temperature, the
multi-time scale FFRLS-AEKF joint algorithm can maintain a high level of
accuracy while reducing the computational burden, with MAE and RMSE values of
0.0111 and 0.0129, respectively. Simultaneously, a public data set is used to
prove the application of the algorithm in complex operating conditions, and the
computed results of this dataset align with the experimental data. This approach
minimizes unnecessary computations in the parameter identification process,
thereby conserving computational resources.
Thermal Management of Electric Heavy-Duty Truck Equipped with Water
Source Heat Pump in Winter Condition
Authors: Yu Bo , Dai Huwei , Lin Jiewei , Han Feng , Jiang Feifan , Zhang Junhong
Published: January 2025

The electric heavy-duty truck has been receiving much attention due to its low
carbon emission characteristic. This paper presents the winterized design of
thermal management for an electric heavy-duty truck. The changes of important
parameters in the modes of rapid heating from a cold start battery, cabin
defrosting, and cabin heating in winter are discussed based on water source heat
pumps. It takes 1300 seconds to warm the battery to 5°C from an ambient
temperature of -10°C. Under the same heat production condition, the proposed
water source heat pump can save 28.2% energy comparing with the air source heat
pump, the cabin air conditioner air outlet can stay above 40°C for more than 5
minutes, and the cabin temperature can be stabilized at 20°C to meet the heating
demand of the crew in winter.
Design and Performance Optimization of an Air-Cooled Battery Thermal
Management System Based on Flow Field Disturbance
Authors: An Dou , Cui Feifei , Meiwei Wang , Wang Chun , Xi Huan
Published: January 2025

As global energy concerns and environmental challenges intensify, the automotive
industry is rapidly transitioning toward more sustainable solutions, with new
energy vehicles, particularly battery electric vehicles (BEVs), at the
forefront. BEVs depend on lithium-ion batteries due to their high energy
efficiency, large storage capacity, and ability to support long-range driving.
However, maintaining optimal performance, safety, and battery longevity is
critical, especially during high-rate charging and discharging operations. To
address these challenges, effective battery thermal management systems (BTMS)
are essential. Poor thermal management can lead to overheating, reduced battery
lifespan, and potential safety hazards. This study focuses on improving
air-cooled BTMS, which are widely used for their cost-effectiveness, by
introducing spoilers to enhance airflow within the cooling channels. By
combining simulation with experimental methods, experiments on the air-cooled
BTMS considering different air inlet and outlet positions were conducted,
verifying the feasibility of the proposed method in other air-cooled BTMS. The
results show that the system with L-type inlet and outlet arrangement
demonstrated superior temperature uniformity, reducing the maximum temperature
difference by 4.97 K compared to the system of Z-type. Moreover, in the further
experimental investigation of adding the sopilers appropriately in the cooling
channel, the thermal performance of both modified Z-opt and I-opt systems
significantly improved. The I-opt system showed the best thermal performance,
with its peak temperature being 6.49 K lower than that of the system with
Z-type, and a temperature difference reduced by 8.35 K, which underscores the
potential of incorporating turbulence promoters like spoilers in air-cooled BTMS
designs.
Design of a Passive Balancing Battery Acquisition
Device
Authors: Ge Renzhou , Duan Chendong
Published: January 2025

A power battery parameter acquisition device was designed and developed with
STM32 as the core, featuring the functions of a battery management system (BMS)
to ensure the safety and stability of the battery pack during operation. The
device includes functions such as battery charge and discharge management,
battery safety protection, and battery status monitoring, enabling real-time
monitoring of cell parameters. The hardware design covers the power circuit,
charge and discharge cycle circuit, battery acquisition circuit, communication
module circuit, and single-cell balancing circuit. The software part completes
the design and development of each functional module. This paper addresses
issues in battery management systems, such as low accuracy in battery parameter
acquisition, inconsistencies between individual cells, and weak BMS balancing
capabilities. The developed acquisition device can collect parameters for 15
series-connected power batteries, and conduct sampling tests of cell voltage,
current, and temperature, as well as balancing tests between cells. The maximum
voltage test error does not exceed 0.257%, the maximum current error does not
exceed 2.9%, and the maximum temperature error does not exceed 2.7%. The
balancing test results show that the voltage difference between individual cells
is controlled within 50 mV.
Optimized Design and Analysis of a Novel Multi-Mode Series-Parallel
Hybrid Powertrain
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Zou Yunge , Yang Yalian
Published: January 2025

To enhance energy efficiency of series-parallel hybrid system, this paper
investigates and compares the effects of adding the gear ratio at different
power source position on the performance of the vehicle. Firstly, the effect of
adding gears at various positions is analyzed on the basis of intelligent
multi-mode drive (IMMD) configuration, and the potential working modes resulting
from the added gear ratios at different power source positions are examined.
Secondly, multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is used
to optimize the transmission ratio of new gears, laying the groundwork for
comparing different configurations. Moreover, the fuel economy performance of
the optimized series-parallel configuration was evaluated using a rapid dynamic
programming approach with the objective function of minimizing fuel consumption
during power transfer. Finally, in accordance with the aforementioned research,
the acceleration performance and economic performance of different
configurations were compared quantitatively. The comparative analysis shows that
for series-parallel hybrid powertrain, increasing the driving motor direct drive
gear had a significant effect on improving the dynamic performance, the 100 km
acceleration time increased by 14.08%. increasing engine direct drive gear had a
significant effect on improving the economy under urban dynamometer driving
schedule (UDDS), the fuel consumption was reduced by 4.76% on average,
increasing the engine and driving motor direct drive gears at the same time had
a significant effect on improving the economy and dynamics, exhibiting a 20.63%
improvement in acceleration and a 4.29% improvement in fuel economy under
worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC) cycle.
Research on Invalid Target Filtering and Target Tracking Algorithm
Optimization in Millimeter-Wave Radar Technology
Authors: Liu Qi , Song Kang , Xie Hui , Meng Chunyang
Published: January 2025

The application of millimeter-wave radar technology in autonomous driving has
become increasingly widespread with the rapid development of intelligent
transportation systems. However, millimeter-wave radar is easily affected by
environmental noise, multipath reflections, and electromagnetic interference,
resulting in a large number of invalid target signals that reduce the system’s
detection accuracy and safety. We proposes a method for filtering invalid
targets based on interference signal characteristics and an Adaptive Interactive
Multiple Model Kalman Filter (IMM-KF) target tracking algorithm. First, we
effectively filter out empty targets, ghost targets, and false targets through a
threshold method and lifecycle assessment, achieving a filtering rate exceeding
99.8%. Second, the improved Adaptive IMM-KF algorithm, combined with the
Hungarian algorithm, associates and tracks multiple targets. The root mean
square error (RMSE) of our methods is reduced by 7.07% and 8.05% compared to the
traditional IMM and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithms in scenarios with a
single pedestrian moving in a straight line. And in scenarios involving both
pedestrians and motor vehicles, the RMSE is reduced by 4.29% and 7.61% compared
to the traditional IMM and UKF algorithms, respectively. Real-vehicle
experiments have validated the robustness and accuracy of the proposed method
across various scenarios.
Predictive Torque Control of Open End Winding PMSM Under Single Phase
Fault with Torque Ripple Suppression
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Mo Fushen , Lin Xiaogang
Published: January 2025

To enhance the operating performance of the common-bus open-winding permanent
magnet synchronous motor under single-phase open-circuit faults, this paper
proposes a model predictive torque control strategy with torque ripple
suppression. First, the operating principles of the model predictive torque
control system for both normal operation and single-phase fault conditions are
analyzed. Based on this analysis, the electromagnetic torque controller in the
model predictive torque control system is restructured. However, if the
conventional space vector modulation strategy used during fault-free operation
is continued, the required stator voltage cannot be achieved. Therefore, analyze
the phase relationship of the current before and after the fault, derive a new
Clark transformation matrix, and then based on the principle of torque
invariance that can be generated by the fundamental magnetic flux, derive the
coefficients of the Park transformation of the two-phase current. To simplify
the inductance matrix into a focusing matrix, a Park transformation matrix for
two-phase voltages can be derived. Based on this, derive a new coordinate
transformation matrix, and based on the new coordinate transformation matrix, a
torque formula considering the third harmonic magnetic flux is derived to
suppress torque ripple, and the model predictive torque control method is used
to control the motor system. Finally, the proposed fault-tolerant model
predictive control strategy is validated using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation
results show that when a single-phase fault occurs in the motor drive system,
the proposed strategy can keep the electromagnetic torque and stator magnetic
flux ripple relatively small. The research results can provide theoretical basis
for the control of common busbar open winding permanent magnet synchronous
motors after phase failure.