bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The output flexibility optimization control of load-side wind turbine considering client demand response
Authors: Huang He , Liu Jiaxin , Gao Ling , Ning Lin
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on optimizing the output flexibility control of load-side wind turbines considering client demand response. Considering the potential and role of client demand response, a load-side wind turbine output objective function was constructed, client demand response constraints were designed, and a two-layer model for flexible optimization control of load-side wind turbine output was constructed. The top is the power allocation hierarchy, and the core objective of this layer is to achieve power optimization distribution of wind turbines under various constraint conditions. The lower layer is the frequency control layer, which optimizes and controls the dynamic frequency of load-side wind turbine output. The experimental results show that the optimized control strategy not only enhances the efficiency of wind turbines, but also effectively reduces energy loss and enhances the stability and reliability of the power grid. Through precise calculation and real-time adjustment of the double-layer model, we can more accurately predict and control the output of wind turbines, thereby ensuring the supply-demand balance of the power grid and reducing potential risks caused by frequency fluctuations and power offsets.
Study on the effect of gas-liquid ratio and crude oil viscosity on the gas separation efficiency of composite gas anchor
Authors: Su Rigu , Wang Xiaomeng , Ma Jifeng , Tian Siqi , Li Yaoqing , Meng Sinuo
Published: November 2024

In the latter stages of production for fire-drive oil wells, decreasing wellbore pressure results in substantial gas production. This study examines the gas separation performance of a composite gas anchor through experimental and simulation approaches to mitigate the effects of gas entering the pump. The experimental findings indicate that the gas separation efficiency stabilizes at a gas-liquid ratio of 800 m3/m3, showing minimal variation with further increases. Additionally, examining the efficiency across varying crude oil viscosities reveals a peak efficiency at a viscosity of 20 mPa·s. Beyond this viscosity, efficiency initially increases but subsequently declines. Simulations corroborated these results, highlighting that the gas-liquid two-phase flow dynamics promote effective separation. Increased crude oil viscosity lowers the flow rate and accentuates the viscosity disparity between gas and liquid phases. This disparity predominantly enhances separation efficiency when the viscosity is below 20 mPa·s. However, as viscosity exceeds this threshold, the mixture’s flow rate becomes the dominant factor, decreasing gas separation efficiency. This study identifies the optimal gas-liquid ratio and crude oil viscosity for the composite gas anchor’s operation, offering valuable insights into gas prevention strategies for oil wells with high gas-liquid ratios.
Studying the storage index systems and geological storage conditions of CO2 in typical coal basins
Authors: Zou Zhuo , Sun Jie , Liu Kang , Zhang Li
Published: November 2024

In China, the geological storage of CO2 in coal reservoirs started relatively late. There are still issues with the index mechanism for choosing storage sites. This study has identified eight types of basic engineering geologic indexes, ten types of basic storage potential indexes, and three types of basic socio-economic indexes at the regional scale for the type of coal reservoir in order to grasp the areas favorable for geological storage of carbon dioxide and the potential for storage in China. These categories are based on the results of current research and engineering practice both domestically and internationally.
The influence of grid-forming energy storage and distributed synchronous condenser on the multiple renewable energy stations short circuit ratio
Authors: Ma Xin , Gu Wenbo , Xue Fei , Lv Sizhuo
Published: November 2024

With the improvement of technical performance and reduction of cost, the scale of grid-forming energy storage and distributed synchronous condenser centralized access is constantly expanding, and their impact on the Multiple Renewable Energy Stations Short Circuit Ratio (MRSCR) is highly concerned by the power planning and operation departments. In this paper, the MRSCR calculation model considering distributed synchronous condenser and grid-forming energy storage is constructed, and the influence of distributed synchronous condenser and grid-forming energy storage on MRSCR is analyzed, which are very helpful for improving the MRSCR and the short-circuit capacity.
Research on integrated energy multi-body trading strategy under electricity market based on double-layer game
Authors: Wu Simin , Dou Zhenlan , Du Yang , Zhang Chunyan , Chen Hongtao , Yang Zhongguang , Guo Lingyu , Yu Hui
Published: November 2024

Driven by the energy revolution, the energy development method is developed in the direction of diversification, greening, and intelligence. To improve the efficiency of the interaction between integrated energy systems and electricity markets, a multi-constituent trading strategy for integrated energy under the power market based on a two-layer game is proposed, and an improved BAS algorithm is used to solve the two-layer model to obtain the optimal trading strategy. The optimal trading strategy is obtained by solving the two-layer model with the improved BAS algorithm. Taking an integrated energy system in a certain region as an example, three trading strategies are set up for the comparative analysis of the optimization results, and the results show that the proposed trading strategy based on the two-layer game model can effectively improve the interaction efficiency and interaction effectiveness between the system and the market and energy entities.
A knee at the table: Jay-Z, Colin Kaepernick, and the endurance of competing strategies in Black social justice
Authors: Kunda Lily
Published: November 2024

In August 2019, the U.S. National Football League (NFL) and entertainment company Roc-Nation entered into a partnership to amplify the league’s “social justice efforts.” This partnership received mixed reactions from news media and fans with significant negative criticism. Many accused the NFL of using the celebrity reputation of Roc-Nation founder, Jay-Z, for cultural capital to recoup from the negative press received following the 2016 protest of Colin Kaepernick. This article examines the media discourse following the announcement of the partnership and how it perpetuates a long-existing ideological feud within Black social justice that questions if the path to racial progress must be achieved with the help of white institutions. I argue that the adoption of neoliberal ideologies into contemporary activism has shifted focus from the needs of the communities being served to the brand image and market profits of celebrity activists and corporations.
Multi-scenario flexibility requirement analysis of high proportion of new energy access to power system
Authors: Liu Guangjun , Dou Dong , Wang Yanyu , Li Xin , Gao Zetian , Lv Haixia
Published: November 2024

To address climate change, the proportion of renewable energy integration into the grid system is gradually increasing, leading to higher demands for flexibility. Current research typically employs methods such as dynamic system modeling, the construction of flexibility indicators, and scenario analysis to measure the flexibility requirements of the power system across different time scales. The use of frequency decomposition algorithms to explore flexibility requirements from the perspective of net load curves is relatively rare. This study utilizes net load data from the Western Inner Mongolia Power Grid to explore the distribution patterns of net load across different time scales under various seasonal and penetration scenarios using frequency decomposition algorithms. The results reveal that renewable energy output exhibits significant fluctuations and distinct diurnal variations, while net load also shows notable patterns and considerable volatility and seasonality. The analysis of flexibility requirements on typical seasonal days highlights the differences in demand distribution at various frequencies, with long-time-scale components primarily reflecting the overall trend of net load, while the medium-to-long time scale components characterize smaller, more frequent fluctuations. Additionally, the uncertainty associated with wind and solar output significantly affects the diurnal fluctuations of net load, with seasonal changes mainly represented in short-time-scale components. The study also emphasizes the impact of different penetration levels on flexibility requirements, indicating that as penetration decreases, the midnight requirement peak diminishes, suggesting differences in flexibility requirements based on renewable energy integration levels. Furthermore, the paper proposes corresponding solution technologies for “generation–grid–load–storage” across different time scales of flexibility requirements, ensuring the stable operation of the grid amidst climate change and rising electricity demand.
Laparoscopically assisted aneurysmorrhaphy for iliac artery aneurysms following endovascular repair: reports of two cases
Authors: Mukasa Kotaro , Yakita Yasunori , Tsuda Musashi , Abe Shinichiro , Asano Soichi
Published: November 2024

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is commonly utilized for iliac artery aneurysms (IAA), yet some cases necessitate additional intervention due to aneurysm re-expansion. We report two cases: a 68-year-old male with a left internal IAA (IIAA) and an 80-year-old female with both a left common iliac artery aneurysm (CIAA) and IIAA, who underwent aneurysmorrhaphy following initial EVAR. Both procedures were successful, significantly reducing aneurysm size without immediate complications. The use of laparoscopy in aneurysmorrhaphy enhances oversight of inflow vessels and facilitates suturing in deep pelvic areas. Our cases indicate that incorporating laparoscopy can substantially improve surgical outcomes.
Message Not Government, Religion Not State
Authors: al-Raziq ‘Ali ‘Abd
Published: November 2024

‘Ali ‘Abd al-Raziq (Egypt, 1888-1966) unleashed a storm of debate with this controversial short book. A shari’a (Islamic law) judge and an academic at the AI-Azhar University in Cairo, ‘Abd al-Raziq argued that Islam does not specify any particular form of government, thus allowing Muslims to create democratic regimes. This reasoning may have been intended to undermine the Egyptian king’s claims to the caliphate in the wake of the elimination of the Ottoman caliphate in 1924.1 However, the argument is worded in general terms, thereby challenging the holistic view of Islam as comprising both spiritual ity and politics. ‘Abd al-Raziq was fired from his judgeship and his academic position and was even criticized by Islamic modernists such as Rashid Rida. Beyond the borders of Egypt, his book “generated violent controversy throughout the Muslim world” and “continues to stimulate debate” today.3 Other portions of ‘Abd al-Raziq’s book were translated into English from a French edition in 1982. fall into the next, and each time they attempted to rid themselves of a problem, the problem would con front them again more intensely than before.
Shari’a: The Codification of Islamic Law
Authors: Al-’Ashmawi Muhammad Sa’id
Published: November 2024

Muhammad Sa’id Al-’Ashmawi (Egypt. born 1932), chief judge of the High Court of Appeals and the High Court of State Security, may well have passed sentence on the Islamic radicals who have waged a campaign against the authoritarian Egyptian state. In the book excerpted here, he condemns the radicals in a different manner, criticizing the theological basis for their calls for an “Islamic state.” His “vigorous” attack1 on what he calls “political lslam” provoked “intense reactions” when it was published in Egypt in 1987, angering conservatives-including the head of the state-run Islamic university, the Shaykh al-Azhar-and pleasing liberals, even oppositionists who infrequently sympathize with top state officials.3 Since the adoption of the Egyptian Constitution in 1971, which states that “the principles of Islamic Law (shari’a) are a principal source of legislation,” the question of the codification of the shari’a has taken on a political dimension. This concerns the ruling as well as the opposition parties, the moderate religious scholars ( ‘ulama’), as well as preachers who know how to play upon tensions. Because of such politicization, discussion of the law does not rise above the level of political agitation and superficial reflection and feelings. This politicization is to the detriment of serious approaches which seek to be impartial.
Accountability, Parliament, and ljtihad
Authors: Zafar S. M.
Published: November 2024

Pakistan was created in 1947 as a Muslim homeland for South Asians, but its founders disagreed whether the new nation should be organized democratically or theocratically, with secular government or Islamic government, Western civil laws or Islamic shari’a law.1 The debate over these issues was initially settled in favor of the secularists, but the succeeding decades did not dampen the controversy. By 1980, when the following selection was published, the secularist position was largely out of favor, and the military regime was set to impose shari’a law-hence the importance of this work by S. M. Zafar (Pakistan, born 1930). As secretary-general of the defunct Muslim League (Pagara Group), Zafar enjoyed Islamic credentials; as a lawyer and head of the Pakistan Human Rights Organization, Zafar was keenly interested in ensuring the rule of civil law. Zafar argues in this excerpt that an elected parliament is both grounded in Islamic precedent and necessary for holding the government accountable in the modem world. line. Thus religion brings humankind closer to God. Through religion, humans realize the existence of the authority of God.
Participation 1n Non-Islamic Government
Authors: Ghannouchi Rachid
Published: November 2024

Rachid Ghannouchi (Tunisia, born 1941) received a philosophy degree at the University of Damascus and, after a year of study in France, returned to Tunisia in 1969 as a high school teacher. The following year, Ghannouchi helped to establish a reformist movement that opposed the secular socialism of the ruling party in Tunisia and proffered a modernist interpretation of Islam. This movement, formalized as the Islamic Tendency Movement-now called the Renaissance party-grew to become the leading political opposition in Tunisia, and Ghannouchi its leading figure. After a decade in and out of prison for his political activities, Ghannouchi left Tunisia for Europe in the early 1990s. While similar movements elsewhere in North Africa have turned to armed revolt and antidemocratic rhetoric, Ghannouchi continues to resist radicalization.1 In this paper, Ghannouchi argues for democratic power-sharing as a nonviolent means to effect a transition to Islamic rule.
A Feminist Interpretation of Women’s Rights in Islam
Authors: Memissi Fatima
Published: November 2024

Fatima Memissi (Morocco, born 1940), “one of the best known Arab-Muslim feminists,” was part of the first generation of Moroccan women to be granted access to higher education. She studied at the Mohammed V University in Rabat and went on to receive her doctorate in sociology in the United States in 1973. She returned to Morocco to teach at her alma mater and currently works at a research institute in Rabat “She is a recognized public figure in her own country,” and her work has been translated into several European languages.1 According to a fellow academic, Memissi is the first Muslim woman in the Middle East to succeed “in extricating herself from the issue of cultural loyalty and betrayal” that plagues so many Muslim feminists tom between their double identities.
Qur’an and Woman
Authors: Wadud-Muhsin Amina
Published: November 2024

Muslims number more than 3 million in the United States and constitute one of the country’s fastest-growing religious groups. African-Americans, comprising a third of this Islamic community-most of the rest are immigrants from Islamic countries and their descendants-have traditionally practiced heterodox forms of Islam not recognized as “Islamic” by Muslim scholars in other countries. Since Malcolm X’s ( 1925-1965) famous pilgrimage in 1964, however, many African-American Muslims have adopted more orthodox Islamic practices. At the same time, African-American Muslims have brought their own historical experiences to bear on their Islamic faith. A leading representative of this approach is Amina Wadud-Muhsin (United States, born 1952), a professor at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. Wadud-Muhsin combines gendered readings of the Qur’an with the experience of African-American women to argue that Islamic injunctions must be interpreted in relation to specific historical circumstances.ing” I mean the process of reviewing the words and their context in order to derive an understanding of the text. Every “reading” reflects, in part, the intentions of the text, as well as the “prior text” of the one who makes the “reading.” Although each “reading” is unique, the understanding of various readers of a single text will converge on many points.
Islam and the 1995 Beijing World Conference on Women
Authors: Shahrour Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Muhammad Shahrour (Syria, born 1938) attended primary and secondary school in Damascus. When he was nineteen, he went to Moscow to study engineering. Although not a Marxist, Shahrour was fascinated by Marxist theory and practice, which played a role in shaping his writing on Islamic themes. Shahrour returned to Syria in 1964 but left again in 1968 to study for his master’s and doctoral degrees in soil mechanics and foundation engineering at the University College, Dublin, Ireland. He became a faculty member world following its publication in 1990. Using modem linguistics and frequent metaphors and analogies drawn from engineering and the sciences, Shahrour argues that the Qur’an should be read and interpreted, not through the prism of centuries of jurisprudence, but as if “the Prophet just died and informed us of this Book.” The essay translated here, originally prepared in response to written questions posed by the editor of a Kuwaiti newspaper, defends the right of Muslim women to participate in the Fourth United Nations Conference on Women, held at Beijing, China, in 1995. More self-contained than Shahrour’s books, it shows how he invokes and interprets Qur’anic texts to address contemporary social and religious themes.
Universalism ,n Islam
Authors: Muzaffar Chandra
Published: November 2024

Since the late I 960s, Malaysia has witnessed tensions and occasionally open conflict between the Muslim community, which comprises a slight majority, and non-Muslim Chinese and South Asians. This communalism has taken both ethnic and religious forms because of the combination of ethnicity (Malay) and religion (Islam) in the identity of Bumiputra (literally, son of the soil). Chandra Muzaffar (Malaysia, born 1947), a political scientist and civic activist, has analyzed Malay communalism in his academic work and combated it in his civic work, in particular, the multicommunal, pro-democracy organization Aliran Kesedaran Negara (National Awareness Movement), which he founded in the late 1970s and led until the early 1990s. In the 1990s, Muzaffar founded an inter national organization, the Just World Trust, which seeks to promote similar ideals globally, and coauthored a declaration on human rights that was adopted by more than two hundred Asian and Pacific nongovernmental organizations. Muzaffar has been harassed by the Malaysian government for his criticism of its undemocratic practices.
The Medina Document
Authors: Bula Ali
Published: November 2024

Ali Bula; (Turkey, born 195 I) is a leading figure among the growing group of Muslim intellectuals in Turkey. His first book, published in the late 1970s, achieved the status of “a kind of manifesto of the Muslim intellectuals.” Bula argues that Islam represents a viable alternative to Western political systems that solves many of the social and political ills associated with the West, but only if Muslim intellectuals undertake a systematic analysis of Islam’s applicability to modem problems. His more recent work has attempted to supply some of this analysis and begun to focus on the issue of pluralism, particularly ethnic and religious pluralism. Bula’s basis for analysis is the Medina Document, a contract signed by the Prophet Muhammad, Jews, and polytheists granting Muslims the right to rule in the Arabian city and at the same time protecting the rights of other groups. themselves as a distinct social group. Later the Roman Suhayl, the Persian Salman and the Kurdish Gavan would be added to this group. Indeed, the second article of the Medina Document [translated and discussed in this chapter] would designate this social group as “an umma [community] distinct from other people” on a religious and legal basis.
The Evolution and Devolution of Religious Knowledge
Authors: Soroush Abdul-Karim
Published: November 2024

Abdul-Karim Soroush (Iran, born 1945), a pharmacologist and philosopher educated in Iran and England, was until recently a dean at the Research Institute for Human Sciences in Tehran and “one of the most prominent speakers in Iran in the 1990s,” lecturing at mosques, universities, and over the radio.1 Soroush used this prominent position to argue forcefully for a rethinking of Islam’s relationship to the non-Muslim West. In particular, his studies in the philosophy of science have led him to suggest that Islamic nations can and must allow scientific advance, including relatively free conditions for researchers, and that religion can be studied “rationally” like other phenomena. In this essay, Soroush argues that religion is divine but religious interpretation is human, fallible, and even sociologically determined. Such positions have put Soroush at odds with other Islamic scholars in Iran. In the mid-\ 990s, Soroush received death threats for his theological positions, was physically attacked on two occasions, has been banned from public lectures, and may lose his job.
The Necessity of Renewing Islamic Thought and Reinvigorating Religious Understanding
Authors: Madjid Nurcholish
Published: November 2024

A native of Java, educated through college level at Islamic schools, Nurcholish Madjid (Indonesia, born 1939) rose to national prominence in the late I 960s as leader of the Islamic Students Association. In a speech of January 2, 1970, the first of two translated here, Madjid called for deep-seated changes in Islam to keep pace with changes in the world, even using the controversial term secularism.1 He had not intended for this speech to be circulated or published-indeed, he later called the talk’s bluntness “a tactical blunder”-but he did not disavow the ideas expressed in the speech. The second talk translated here, delivered in 1972, was an attempt to develop these ideas further, and his 1984 doctoral dissertation under Fazlur Rahman at the University of Chicago (see chapter 31 )-on thethirteenth-to-fourteenth-century Islamic reformer lbn Taymiyya-sought to “reexplain” his views with greater historical and philosophical sophistication.3 Still an active and controversial figure in Indonesian Islamic debates, Madjid now heads a private Islamic research institute.
Islam and Humanism
Authors: Dia Mamadiou
Published: November 2024

Mamadiou Dia (Senegal, born 191 I) was a schoolteacher, a headmaster, and a journalist before turning to politics in the mid-I 940s. He served as a senator of the French Republic, representing Senegal; then after independence, he was prime minister of Senegal for four years. Dia’s long collaboration with President Leopold Sedar Senghor, a non-Muslim, symbolized the relative absence of religious strife in Senegal, where the population is more than four-fifths Muslim. Nonetheless, Dia broke with Senghor in 1962 and was jailed for a dozen years. During his incarceration, Dia turned from politics to religion, integrating his fervent socialism into a theory of”lslamic humanism.”1In a series of books on Islam published after his release from prison, Dia argues that interpretation of Islam must respond positively to the modern world, as Christianity has. Dia refers frequently to recent French theology for inspiration and methodological guidance-the effect being an opacity somewhat different from the Qur’anic exegesis of other works in this book. cares there, but to draw from thence elements for the renovation and revitalization of Islamic philosophy.
Islam and Modernity
Authors: Rahman Fazlur
Published: November 2024

Fazlur Rahman (Pakistan-United States, 19 19-1988) was born and raised in the British colonies that would later become Pakistan. He embarked on an academic career that took him to graduate degrees at Punjab University and Oxford and teaching positions in Islamic philosophy in England and Canada. He returned to Pakistan in 1961 to lead the Central Institute of Islamic Research in Karachi, a state-sponsored organization that Rahman mobilized to battle religious traditionalists and radicals. Rahman’s modernist views were controversial: “his detractors referred to him as ‘the destroyer of hadiths [traditions of the Prophet]’ because of his insistence on judging the weight of hadith reports in light of the overall spirit of the Qur’an.”1 Rahman returned to academia in 1968 as a professor at the University of Chicago, where he continued to argue for a modem reinterpretation of lslam. “A measure of this leading thinker’s impact,” a colleague wrote after Rah man’s death in 1988, “is that wherever I have traveled in the world ... I have never met a Muslim scholar or other specialist on Islam who has not heard of Fazlur Rahman or who is neutral about his contributions.” those people who have been once as much as touched by traditional education, remain forever irreconcilably estranged from modem learning.”4 In the same work he quotes Muhammad ‘Abduh [Egyptian modernist, 1849-1905] as saying to him, after bemoan ing the plight of al-Azhar [University in Cairo], about the Egyptian products of Western education, “These are even more misguided.
Islam and the Challenge of the Modern World
Authors: Akhtar Shabbir
Published: November 2024

Shabbir Akhtar (Pakistan-England, born 1960) attended college in England and received his doctorate in the philosophy of religion in Canada. He worked for a time as a local community relations officer in England, but his calling appears to be broader in scope. Since the late 1980s, Akhtar has published a series of books that aim to speak for the Islamic community of England. At the same time, Akhtar has also taken on the role of religious reformer within this community. One of his primary themes is the need to con front and learn from modernity-a challenge that contemporary Islamic theology has shied away from, he argues.1 In A Faith for All Seasons, excerpted here, Akhtar is so successful at representing secular perspectives that “a number of Muslims felt he had lost his faith, and he was heavily criticised in the Muslim press.” theologies of scripture but also with the sometimes recalcitrant realities of a world and human nature under their usual tuition.
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
Authors: Kolb Robert , Hêche Aymeric
Published: November 2024

The period 1 August 2022–July 2023 is characterized by an intense activity. The International Court of Justice’s docket has never been so full, and the trend is clearly upwards. Four judgments were issued, the International Court of Justice ruled on four applications for provisional measures, and numerous hearings were conducted. The judgments were very different in scope and subject matter: law of international watercourses was at the heart of Chile v. Colombia, interpretation of treaties in Iran v. United States, the “Monetary Gold” principle in Guyana v. Venezuela, and the existence of customary international law in Nicaragua v. Colombia.
Wood microbiome variation and interactions with fungal symbionts of invasive ambrosia beetles
Authors: Lynch Shannon Colleen , Na Francis , Reyes-Gonzalez Edeli , Bossard Emily , Alarcon Karen S. , Eskalen Akif , Gilbert Gregory S.
Published: November 2024

The microbiomes of plants can modulate the impacts of pests, including through interactions with microbiomes of pathogen vectors such as ambrosia beetles. While physical and chemical traits of plant hosts are known to affect beetle-carried microbes, how beetle and host microbiomes interact is seldom explored. We aimed to determine whether wood-inhabiting endophytes mediate host susceptibility to Fusarium dieback, an emergent tree disease complex that includes ambrosia beetle vectors. We studied three competent host tree species (Persea americana, Salix spp., Platanus racemosa) common in disease hot spots in agricultural and wildland habitats. Using culturing methods, we compared wood microbiomes of 319 attacked and 133 non-attacked trees across a network of 47 beetle-infested and 41 non-infested plots in southern California, USA. We conducted 1,148 in vitro assays to evaluate antagonism by wood-inhabiting endophytic fungi (60 species) and bacteria (40 species) to the Fusarium pathogens, finding 15 fungal and 11 bacterial species with clear antagonism to the pathogen. Such wood endophytes may potentially protect tree hosts as biological control agents. Antagonistic microbes were more common in attacked trees than in non-attacked trees, suggesting the abundance of antagonistic fungi and bacteria in the wood is insufficient to determine host susceptibility to attack or they are enriched in attacked trees. Wood-inhabiting microbial communities were consistently different between cultivated P. americana and wildland tree species, as there were some differences based on host attack status. Differences between attacked and non-attacked trees were reflected in different microbial consortia rather than the abundance of individual, antagonistic microbial species.
Postpartum Emergency Department Use Following Midwifery-Model vs Obstetrics-Model Care
Authors: Sorbara Carla , Ray Joel G. , Darling Elizabeth K. , Chung Hannah , Podolsky Sho , Stukel Therese A.
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7:e248676)

Midwives work in conjunction with obstetrics professionals and collaborate with other specialists when clinically indicated. Women receiving obstetrics care are often discharged quickly after birth and have only 1 follow-up visit at 6 weeks postpartum.
US Public Opinion About Reproductive Health Care in School-Based Health Centers
Authors: Haeder Simon F. , Marthey Daniel , Skinner Daniel
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from Contraception 2024;132:110374)

Reproductive education and health services for adolescents are extremely variable, depending on location and community access. Restrictions on abortion and the end of Medicaid continuous enrollment have contributed to regressions in access to different varieties of reproductive health care, and thus research targeting ways to mitigate these regressions is paramount.
Exploring Global Barriers to Optimal Ovarian Cancer Care: Thematic Analysis
Authors: Sfeir Selina , Allen Lucy , Algera Marc Daniël , Morton Rhett , Farrell Rhonda , Brennan Donal , van Driel Willemien J. , Rijken Marcus J. , Eiken Mary , Sundar Sudha S. , Coleman Robert L.
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from Int J Gynecol Cancer 2024:ijgc-2024-005449)

Ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate, with a great deal of variation both within countries and between countries; the highest mortality rates are observed in countries with poor access to healthcare. Previous research has suggested that disparities in survival rates can stem from stage differences at the time of diagnosis, but in addition to this, there are observable differences that remain within each stage.
Social Determinants of Health and Cancer Care: An ASCO Policy Statement
Authors: Tucker-Seeley Reggie , Abu-Khalaf Maysa , Bona Kira , Shastri Surendra , Johnson Wenora , Phillips Jonathan , Masood Azam , Moushey Allyn , Hinyard Leslie
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from JCA Oncol Pract 2024;20(5):621–630)

Factors that affect access to health care and represent conditions out of an individual’s control are collectively known as social determinants of health (SDOHs); health-related social needs (HRSNs) are related to these, being unmet needs that affect health and health care. In the United States, disparities in health care that are related to both SDOHs and HRSNs are prevalent despite years of research and efforts to minimize them.
Extradigital Symplastic Glomus Tumor and Review of the Literature
Authors: Niklinska Eva B. , Miller Jonathan , Zwerner Jeffrey P. , Boyd Alan S.
Published: November 2024

Symplastic glomus tumors are a rare subtype of glomus tumor defined by nuclear atypia without additional markers of malignancy such as large size, deep location, or atypical/prevalent mitotic figures. Glomus tumors, including the symplastic subtype, most commonly present in the subungual area with rarer extradigital presentation. To our knowledge, there have been less than 25 cases of symplastic glomus tumors described in the literature. Herein, we present a case of extradigital symplastic glomus tumor with review of the literature.
Latissimus Dorsi Free Flap: Subfascial Flap Dissection in a Case of Scalp and Forehead Reconstruction
Authors: Reynoso Rafael , Echeverría Alfonso , Mejia Rivera Samaria Estefania , Villasana Sánchez Jazmín
Published: November 2024

Total avulsion of the scalp represents a therapeutic challenge with no consensus nowadays. Currently, microsurgical reimplantation is the reconstructive procedure of choice, but in case it is not feasible, the literature does not define an ideal treatment for an immediate reconstruction. We present the case of an 18-year-old woman with total avulsion of the scalp and forehead skin without possibility of reimplantation. We performed the surgical reconstruction with a latissimus dorsi free flap, and to achieve greater malleability, the flap was harvested without fascia. A large coverage was immediately achieved, and 1 year after the procedure, the patient showed excellent cranial symmetry and a high level of satisfaction. The optimal treatment of total avulsion of the scalp with no option of reimplantation remains a challenge. In our case, the subfascial dissection increased the flap area to cover the defect. Our procedure could be considered as an alternative surgical strategy in flap harvest, but more cases are needed.
Technique and Expected Benefit of Intraoperative Perfusion Imaging of Peripheral Nerves
Authors: Schäfer Benedikt , Freund Gerrit , Orr Jonah , Nolte Kay , Weis Joachim , Bahm Jörg , Beier Justus P.
Published: November 2024

Peripheral nerve surgery, particularly in cases of nerve compression syndrome (NCS), necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of intraneural blood flow, as localized reductions in nerve perfusion are integral to the etiopathogenesis of such conditions. Although nerve perfusion is currently guided by morphologic characteristics, this assessment is subjective and prone to bias. Intraoperative fluorescence-assisted perfusion imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) is an established tool in flap and lymphatic surgery to objectively assess perfusion intraoperatively. However, only a few unspecific applications of ICG in peripheral nerve surgery have been published so far. In this study, we performed intraoperative perfusion imaging using ICG in 16 consecutive operations within the peripheral nervous system, including microsurgical reconstructions after obstetric brachial plexus injury, decompression for NCS, and vascularized ulnar nerve interposition transfers. Our findings show the utility of ICG in delineating healthy perfusion borders at proximal and distal stump levels after neuroma resection, and we demonstrate a correlation between histological findings and these clinically observed perfusion patterns. In NCS cases, we demonstrate that ICG imaging is effective in highlighting reduced perfusion predecompression and improved perfusion postdecompression. Additionally, ICG proved valuable for assessing perfusion of free vascularized nerve grafts. Intraoperative ICG perfusion imaging is a valuable tool during surgery of the peripheral nervous system, providing insights into the etiopathogenesis of NCS and aiding in the visualization of perfusion. This study underscores the potential of ICG in nerve surgery and its applicability for improving surgical outcomes and advancing our understanding of peripheral nerve pathologies.
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Headache Disorders—A Review of Categorization and Selected Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Pradhan Saroj K. , Todeschini Giada , Gantenbein Andreas R. , Wang Xiaying , Schürer Qiong , Lyu Xiaoying , Chen Bingjun , Li Yiming , Furian Michael
Published: November 2024

Headaches have emerged as a prevailing global health concern, impacting millions of individuals and posing challenges to public health care systems. With an escalating number of patients seeking complementary therapies to attain a more holistic approach for headaches, Traditional Chinese Medicine has gained significant popularity. It plays a pivotal role in advancing the safeguarding of health and the alleviation of prevalent, recurrent, and complex medical conditions. Traditional Chinese Medicine covers a diverse array of therapeutic procedures for headaches, incorporating Chinese herbal medicine, acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, and life cultivation. This narrative review delves into the fundamental principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its categorization of headaches while exploring the potential selected applications of their treatment. Based on recent scientific findings and the ancient history of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the field of headaches, we conclude that selected Traditional Chinese Medicine therapies can be used as an alternative and complementary therapy against headaches.
Novel Technique to Close Stellate Corneal Lacerations
Authors: Brooks Steven E. , Johnson Alex , Kreuger Emily A.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

The study was performed to evaluate and optimize a novel technique to close stellate corneal lacerations in a wet laboratory environment.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-one ex vivo porcine eyes with standardized, experimentally created stellate corneal lacerations were assigned to one of three surgical repair techniques. In Group 1 (n = 9), lacerations were closed with simple interrupted sutures only. In Group 2 (n = 7), a large-radius central purse string was used in addition to simple interrupted sutures. In Group 3 (n = 5), a small-radius central purse string was used in addition to simple interrupted sutures. Wound stability was assessed by determining the intraocular pressure (IOP) at which wound leak occurred.

Results:

Group 3 eyes demonstrated a mean wound leak IOP of 56.1 mm Hg (range 32–90.3) compared with groups 1 and 2, which demonstrated mean wound leak IOPs of 6.4 mm Hg (range 1.9–19) and 13.3 mm Hg (range 2.8–31), respectively. These differences were highly statistically significant (P < 0.002 and P < 0.015, respectively, compared with Group 3).

Discussion:

The use of a small-radius internal purse-string suture, when combined with simple interrupted sutures, produced a highly effective watertight closure in experimentally created stellate corneal lacerations, significantly outperforming approaches using only interrupted sutures or a large-radius purse string. The use of a small-radius purse-string suture should be considered for clinical use in the repair of stellate corneal lacerations.
The case for geography in nursing practice
Authors: Krainak Kelly S.
Published: November 2024

The discipline of geography is an increasingly necessary lens required to understand population-level diseases. Syndemics, or co-occurring diseases or epidemics within a specific population, are contextualized by place—preexisting social, economic, and political structures. Nurse practitioners are well-positioned to critically assess the impact of geography on patient health and well-being. This perspective provides a brief summary of syndemic crises, with a case example in the West Virginia coalfields. The position of this paper is one that supports geography, in addition to social determinants of health, as a framework for syndemics. A geographic perspective provides a more comprehensive picture of marginalized populations and regions facing the phenomenon. Given the significance of holistic nursing, attention to the role of geography in syndemics provides an increased dimension of care and treatment.
Decreased mortality in patients with fragility fracture of a fracture liaison service coordinated by Chile's first nurse practitioner
Authors: Leyan Sandra , Olate Catalina Vidal , Klaber Ianiv , Kelly-Weeder Susan
Published: November 2024

Background:

Fragility fractures have significant sequelae, including pain, loss of mobility, and increased risk of mortality. Fracture liaison services (FLS) represent a coordinated, interdisciplinary approach to secondary prevention and reduce mortality.

Purpose:

To investigate the effectiveness and patient outcomes regarding readmission and mortality of a newly developed, nurse practitioner (NP) coordinated FLS in Chile.

Methodology:

Retrospective longitudinal analysis of 214 patients who agreed to participate in a FLS was conducted. Variables studied include patient age, gender, anatomical fracture site, dual x-ray absorptiometry scans, medication, readmission information, and mortality. Demographics and clinical data were collected and analyzed with bivariate and multivariate statistics. Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests were performed to compare survival curves between those who did and did not participate in the FLS.

Results:

The study sample was predominantly female (85%) with a mean age of 76 (SD: 12; range 41–101) years. The most frequently noted fracture sites were hip (n = 167), wrist (n = 132), and spine (n = 72). At one-year follow-up, the FLS group had a significantly lower mortality (5%, 10 patients) than those who did not participate in the program (12% [N = 50], p = .005). The Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that patients who participated in the FLS had significantly better survival rates than those who did not participate.

Conclusions:

Significantly improved survival rates were observed in FLS patients. Chile's first FLS demonstrated improved patient outcomes, specifically a reduced mortality in patients who were enrolled in the FLS.

Implications:

The NP role was fundamental in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with osteoporosis.
Diagnosis and Management of Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: A Comprehensive Review of Major Guidelines
Authors: Giouleka Sonia , Tsakiridis Ioannis , Emmanouilidou Garyfallia , Boureka Eirini , Kalogiannidis Ioannis , Mamopoulos Apostolos , Athanasiadis Apostolos , Dagklis Themistoklis
Published: November 2024

Importance

Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) represents a significant contributor of maternal and neonatal morbidity complicating a significant proportion of pregnancies worldwide.

Objective

The aim of this review was to summarize and compare the most recently published guidelines on the diagnosis and management of this critical pregnancy complication.

Evidence Acquisition

A comparative review of 3 recently updated national guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, and the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada on PPROM was conducted.

Results

There is an overall agreement that the diagnosis of PPROM should be mainly based on sterile speculum examination and patient’s history, followed by additional tests in equivocal cases, although the accuracy and contribution of both ultrasound and amniotic proteins tests in the diagnosis remain debatable. Following PPROM confirmation, all guidelines recommend the performance of vaginal and rectal swabs, the evaluation of fetal and maternal status, the administration of antibiotics and corticosteroids, and the immediate induction of labor, if severe complications are identified. Expectant management from viability until late preterm period is universally recommended; nevertheless, there are discrepancies on the optimal timing of delivery. Magnesium sulfate should be administered in case of imminent preterm delivery; however, there is no consensus on the upper gestational age limit. Recommendations on inpatient and outpatient management of PPROM are also inconsistent. Moreover, there is no common guidance on the use of tocolysis or antibiotic regimens. Finally, all medical societies agree that closer surveillance of future pregnancies is required.

Conclusions

PPROM remains the most common identifiable risk factor of preterm delivery, despite constant improvement in prenatal provision of care. Thus, the establishment of consistent international practice protocols for the timely and accurate diagnosis and the optimal management of this complication seems of vital importance and will hopefully lead to significant reduction of the associated adverse outcomes.

Target Audience

Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives

After participating in this activity, the learner should be better able to (1) describe the diagnostic methods of PPROM; (2) identify all the PPROM-related complications indicating immediate delivery; and (3) explain the appropriate management techniques of PPROM based on gestational age.