bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiological training for the defence sciences: a unique playing field
Authors: Moise H. , Munsie T. , Green A.R.
Published: December 2024

Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC), part of the Department of National Defence, comprises seven research centres and forty-seven research and development (R&D) capabilities across Canada. Of these centres, the Suffield Research Centre, located in Alberta, provides training and expertise on radiological and nuclear technology through the Radiological and Nuclear Technologies Group (RNTG). Housed within the Canadian Forces Base, which includes a vast experimental proving ground facility, the RNTG is tasked with providing radiological training to various members and clients including Canadian Armed Forces Members, NATO allies, foreign nationals as arranged by Global Affairs Canada, and First Responders in the safe handling and remediation of radiological and nuclear material. The expansive inventory of various sources (in terms of activity (up to several TBq of material) and forms of ionising radiation), the Department of National Defence specific regulatory body, and the procurement and use of more novel isotopes, give it the unique capability to deliver specialised radiological training within the NATO partner nations. The RNTG's Radiological and Nuclear (RN) Defence program goes beyond field radiation training. Existing as a group of subject matter experts, the RNTG also conducts research and can provide expertise, advice and reach-back support to both Canadians and non-Canadian partners alike.
A comparative time-series analysis and deep learning projection of innate radon gas risk in Canadian and Swedish residential buildings
Authors: Khan S.M. , Pearson D.D. , Rönnqvist T. , Nielsen M.E. , Taron J.M. , Goodarzi A.A.
Published: December 2024

Accumulation of radioactive radon gas in indoor air poses a serious risk to human health by increasing the lifetime risk of lung cancer and is classified by IARC as a category one carcinogen. Radon exposure risks are a function of geologic, geographic, building design, and human behavioural variables, and can change over time. Using time series and deep machine learning modelling, we analyzed long-term radon test outcomes as a function of building metrics from 25,489 Canadian and 38,596 Swedish residential properties constructed between 1945 to 2020. While Canadian and Swedish properties built between 1970 and 1980 are comparable (96–103 Bq/m3), innate radon risks subsequently diverge, rising in Canada and falling in Sweden such that 21st Century Canadian houses show 467% greater average radon (131 Bq/m3) relative to Swedish equivalents (28 Bq/m3). These trends are consistent across housing types and regions within each country. The introduction of energy efficiency measures within Canadian and Swedish building codes coincided with opposing radon level trajectories in each nation. Deep machine learning modelling predicts that, without intervention, average Canadian residential radon levels will increase to 176 Bq/m3 by 2050, emphasizing the importance and urgency of future building code intervention to achieve systemic radon reduction in Canada.
Beyond radiation anxiety and country borders: applying health literacy in the field after the Fukushima nuclear disaster
Authors: Goto A. , Lloyd Williams A. , Okabe S. , Murakami M. , Machida M. , Koriyama C. , Nollet K.E.
Published: December 2024

The 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster placed health professionals and the public in the centre of an ‘infodemic’. We introduced health literacy training for health professionals to improve communication skills when facing a health crisis. By 2019, one in four public health nurses – our gatekeepers of community health – had been trained in Fukushima. Follow-up evaluations showed that the trained nurses applied their newly learned skills in practice, with more positive attitudes toward – and increased confidence in – their interactions with community residents. We also found that older residents and those unfamiliar with health services were more likely to notice improvements in written health information from the trained health workers. Health literacy training enhances communication between professionals and the public and makes health information more equitably accessible. This training has been incorporated into medical and nursing education, and also into primary school education, with participatory health-related activities for children in Fukushima and beyond. Our health literacy initiative covers the two arcs of health literacy: health professionals' ability to communicate health information and people's (including children's) ability to use the information.
Towards Recognition and Redistribution: Solidaric demands and subaltern subjectivities in Bangladeshi jute mills
Authors: Alamgir Fahreen , Riach Kathleen
Published: December 2024

This study develops a solidaric theory of organizational recognition through learning from one of the world’s most disenfranchised group of workers: women working in Bangladesh’s jute mills. Drawing on Nancy Fraser and Richa Nagar’s theoretical concerns with justice-seeking as central to subaltern modes of recognition, this study explores the gendered potential and limitations of solidaric recognition as constituted through institutionalized patterns of interpretation and valuation. Through a qualitative, in-depth study of a state-owned jute mill in Bangladesh that spanned over 10 years, our analysis focuses on how solidaric modes of recognition are both enabled and constrained through place-based, corporeal and diasporic conditions and socio-religious and economic experiences. In paying close attention to the interplay between political-economic and localized conditions that inform organizational subjectivities, we show how solidaric recognition, as an ontologically generative site for worker subjectivity, is inseparable from the broader socioeconomic conditions of provisional work.
Opinion: Develop a design thinking culture to better manage knowledge in the age of AI
Authors: Sayyadi Mostafa , Provitera Michael
Published: December 2024

We are in the new age of AI disruption and uncertainty and if we do not create a transformation in corporate culture, our business will be in chaos. Customers prefer smart homes, smart workplaces, smart friends, and most importantly, smart bosses. Customers also experience interaction with technology more intuitive, innovative, and enjoyable. Organizations need to analyze these new needs of customers and adapt their corporate culture in-house to these new needs in order to better meet customers’ emerging needs. Creating a design thinking culture is what today’s organizations need to better manage knowledge and understand what delights customers more as organizations build customer.
Progress of research into microglial mediation of central post-stroke pain
Authors: Li Yue-Rong , Dang Zhao-Hui , Li Shan-Shan , Li Guang-Ya , Cai Hao-Bin , Lu Yun-Wei , Xie Lin-Lin , Li Li-Ling , Huang Liu-Ling , Qin Xiu-De , Bu Fan
Published: December 2024

Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is a chronic neuropathic pain syndrome that commonly occurs after cerebral stroke, and it severely impairs the daily activities of stroke patients. A number of fundamental and clinical studies support the theory that CPSP is mainly caused by ischemic and hemorrhagic injury of the spinal-thalamic-cortical neural pathway. However, the underlying reasons of CPSP genesis and development are far from clear. In recent years, the majority of research focused on microglia, the main resident immune cells of the central nervous system, which highlighted its critical role in the regulation of CPSP. The present article concentrated on exciting discoveries of microglia in mediating CPSP from the perspectives of their bioactive factors, cellular receptors, and signaling pathways, in order to offer a convenient and easy-to-digest overview. In addition, the potential and challenges of several agents in clinical translation of CPSP treatment was discussed based on recent preclinical studies.
A partner in crime: Revisiting the dispositional basis of unethical loyalty
Authors: Seidl Alicia , Hilbig Benjamin E. , Thielmann Isabel
Published: December 2024

Unethical acts are often witnessed by bystanders who may lie to cover up for the transgressor, thereby helping them avoid sanctions. Here, we investigate the dispositional basis of such unethical loyalty, including the psychological processes involved. Interestingly, as unethical loyalty helps the transgressor, it sets prosociality against honesty—two behaviors that are usually unified within the same traits, most prominently HEXACO Honesty-Humility. Prior research suggests that individuals high in Honesty-Humility may solve this conflict in favor of honesty, but evidence is scarce and inconclusive. We aimed at extending previous findings in a pre-registered study ( N = 472) using a newly developed online version of an incentivized behavioral paradigm measuring unethical loyalty. As expected, Honesty-Humility showed a medium-sized negative relation with unethical loyalty, which was partly attributable to individual differences in perceiving unethical loyalty as (un)justifiable. Specifically, lower levels of Honesty-Humility were associated with perceiving unethical loyalty as justifiable particularly because it profits oneself, whereas considering unethical loyalty as profitable for the transgressor—and thus prosocial—was not significantly related to Honesty-Humility. This suggests that part of the predictive power of Honesty-Humility for unethical loyalty can be attributed to systematic differences in how individuals justify such unethical acts.
Adaptive self-triggered control for nonhomogeneous semi-Markov jump systems under finite-time interval
Authors: Wang Yifan , Qi Wenhai , Cheng Jun , Shi Kaibo
Published: December 2024

In this paper, an adaptive self-triggered control is studied for nonhomogeneous semi-Markov jump systems under finite-time interval, which can satisfy the dual purposes of suppressing interference and saving resources. Specifically, an adaptive self-triggered mechanism is proposed different from the traditional self-triggered mechanism, in which the threshold can be adjusted dynamically to reduce interference and obtain better performance. According to the current sampling data, the next executing time is predicted to effectively avoid Zeno behavior. At the same time, the relation expressions are derived among transition probability, probability distribution function, and probability density function. Taking the transient performance into account, sufficient conditions are proposed for finite-time boundedness of the underlying nonhomogeneous semi-Markov jump systems. In order to save communication resource, the triggered mechanism and the finite-time controller are co-designed. Finally, a physical mass-spring-damper mechanical system is given to verify the effectiveness of the design method.
Developing Effective Interventions for Math Anxiety
Authors: Sidney Pooja G. , Scheibe Daniel A. , Zahrn Lauren , Brown Kaitlyn G. I. , Thompson Clarissa A.
Published: December 2024

There is a pressing need for feasible, scalable interventions that address children’s and adults’ math anxiety and result in enhanced math learning. In this article, we suggest a pathway toward intervention development. First, we consider what is known about the mechanisms of math anxiety. To treat math anxiety, we must understand both how and why math anxiety interferes with mathematical learning, thinking, and problem-solving. We then review current approaches to ameliorating math anxiety. Finally, we consider pathways of developing more effective and robust interventions for math anxiety across the lifespan. We highlight clinical approaches to math anxiety and advocate for a double-pronged approach to “break the cycle” of math anxiety transmission from adults to children.
Caregiver Distress: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Patient Care
Authors: Gonzalez Alyssa Alinda , Janak Lindsay , Elles Aimee , Pangemanan Imelda , Narayanan Santhosshi , Bruera Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Background: Advanced cancer severely impacts the lives of patients as well as their caregivers and loved ones. The burden of the caregiver role often results in significant distress, especially near the end of life. Identifying ways to support patients and caregivers is an important focus of palliative care. Objectives: To report two cases depicting the negative impact of caregiver distress on patient care and end-of-life decision-making, requiring the collaboration of an interdisciplinary team. The cases outline interdisciplinary approaches to patient and caregiver support during this transition. Conclusions: Medical facilities providing cancer care should have structures and processes capable of assessing and managing caregiver distress. Interdisciplinary teams are needed to identify a process of supporting caregivers to minimize negative impacts of emotional dysregulation on patients, their caregivers, and staff.
Service-Learning with Intergenerational and Cross-Cultural Social Interactions: A Study of University Students in Hong Kong
Authors: Zhao Minzhu , Jin Yucheng
Published: December 2024

Background: Service-learning (SL) is an experiential educational approach integrating community service with academic study and personal growth. It is valued in higher education for enhancing student learning and development. Including intergenerational and cross-cultural engagement can promote social interaction between students and the community, although it also comes with challenges. Purpose: This paper reports on an investigation of the benefits and challenges of implementing SL projects with intergenerational and cross-cultural communication. Methodology/Approach: This study employed a mixed method combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to analyze survey results, student reflective reports for the course, and interview data. Findings/Conclusions: The outcomes encompassed enhancing professional skills, practical experience, and exploration of career options. Additionally, the analysis highlighted the positive impact of SL on students’ personal development. Furthermore, implementing SL projects with intergenerational and cross-cultural social interaction presented several challenges, including communication barriers among generations, resistance from interviewees who may be distracted, and cultural barriers for international students. Implications: In conclusion, this paper provides discussion and suggestions regarding designing and implementing SL projects within the human-computer interaction course. These insights are beneficial for enhancing the delivery of SL practice, particularly within the dynamic contexts of intergenerational and cross-cultural social interaction.
Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Indicator in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Gao Qiangang , Quan Mingming , Zhang Lilong , Ran Yanyun , Zhong Jijun , Wang Bin
Published: December 2024

Objective

In this study, we aimed to perform a comprehensive analysis to assess the prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels in patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer.

Methods

We systematically searched multiple databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, up until March 30, 2023, to identify relevant articles. The clinical outcomes evaluated in this study included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and cause-specific survival (CSS).

Results

This analysis includes 21 articles with 5187 patients in total. The pooled results revealed that patients with high NLR levels had significantly poorer OS (HR: 2.578, 95% CI: 2.050-3.242, P < 0.001), PFS (HR: 2.143, 95% CI: 1.616-2.843, P < 0.001), DFS (HR: 1.377, 95% CI: 1.045-1.816, P = 0.023), and CSS (HR: 2.842, 95% CI: 1.334-6.053, P = 0.007). The subgroup analyses were performed based on different study regions, treatment modalities, cancer types, and NLR cut-off values, and the above conclusion remained consistent in the majority of subgroup analyses. The stability and reliability of the aforementioned results were supported by the sensitivity analysis and publication bias test.

Conclusion

The baseline NLR levels were useful predictors of outcomes in patients with thyroid cancer.
Observers of the world: Primary grade students imagining solutions for broken environmental and social systems
Authors: Curwen Margaret S , Ardell Amy , MacGillivray Laurie
Published: December 2024

Systems thinking is a holistic framework recognizing the natural and human worlds as interconnected and interdependent. A systems thinking perspective using multimodal literacies can help children address current environmental, social, and economic problems. This qualitative case study captures the possibilities for young children’s expansive and sustained critical thinking across content areas. We asked how do teachers and students in a K-1 classroom apply a systems thinking view of the world’s interconnectedness using multimodal literacy practices to analyze problematic social and ecological issues? During a one-year period, data collection included classroom observations, photographs, student artifacts, and interviews with teachers and students analyzed through distinctions, systems, relationships, and perspectives (Cabrera and Colosi, 2008). We found that students made connections and explored relationships within and across complex systems, imagined solutions to broken systems, and developed as change agents. This article captures children’s ability to be agentive when facing “wicked problems.” These findings demonstrate the capacity of young children to make connections, see relationships, and wrestle with complex social and environmental issues as they develop imaginative solutions.
A procedural approach based on cellular automata for the generation of spatial layout designs
Authors: Ng Chelsea SX , Chen Chun-Hsien , Sathikh Peer M
Published: December 2024

Spatial layout planning is a complex architectural problem involving numerous constraints and potential solutions. Conventional methods can be tedious and time-consuming, prompting recent research toward automated layout generation to create more design alternatives and ease the process. Presented here is a procedural model for spatial layout design, inspired by methods in game design and based on cellular automata. The model considers user inputs such as geometry, topology (direct and indirect adjacencies), and privacy requirements to automatically generate design options. The generated layouts satisfy input requirements and are generated deterministically through specification of seeds that have virtually no upper limit. The proposed method aims to support architects and designers in the layout planning process by combining algorithmic efficiency of cellular automata with a top-down approach to adhere to user-defined constraints. This method also has potential for integrating additional design objectives and user interaction in future developments.
Mechanical characteristics of bionic pseudostem-like multilayer weft-knitted spacer fabric for personal protection
Authors: Huang Yuqing , Dong Zhijia , Chen Chaoyu , Ma Pibo
Published: December 2024

Inspired by the multi-layered structure found in banana pseudostem, an innovative bionic pseudostem-like multilayer weft-knitted spacer fabric (ML-WKSF) was proposed for the development of high-performance and mass-produced personal protective materials. ML-WKSFs with different spacer filament diameters (0.15, 0.175, and 0.2 mm) were produced on a computerized flat knitting machine, incorporating thermoplastic filaments during the knitting process to enhance structural supporting of the spacer filaments. In both flat compression and fatigue compression tests, the ML-WKSF with 0.15 mm filament exhibited superior compressive resistance and fatigue resistance due to the more compact fabric structure resulting from the smaller diameter monofilaments, which facilitated uniform stress distribution. Additionally, composite fabrics were prepared using a shear thickening fluid (STF) with a SiO2 mass fraction of 70%, and mechanical property tests were conducted. The composite fabrics displayed similar trends to the pure fabrics in both flat compression and fatigue compression tests. Differently, the integration of STF with the monofilaments led to an increase in compressive load bearing capacity. In low-velocity impact tests, larger spacer filaments resulted in better impact resistance for the fabrics as the impact force was locally dispersed. The composite with 0.2 mm spacer filaments demonstrated excellent impact resistance and energy absorption, achieving an energy absorption efficiency of 69% at an initial impact energy of 40 J.
Assessing institutional responsibility in scientific misconduct: A case study of enoximone research by Joachim Boldt
Authors: Wiedermann Christian J
Published: December 2024

Background:

Enoximone, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, was approved in Germany in 1989 and initially proposed for heart failure and perioperative cardiac conditions. The research of Joachim Boldt and his supervisor Gunter Hempelmann came under scrutiny after investigations revealed systematic scientific misconduct leading to numerous retractions. Therefore, early enoximone studies by Boldt and Hempelmann from 1988 to 1991 were reviewed.

Methods:

PubMed-listed publications and dissertations on enoximone from the Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen were analyzed for study design, participant demographics, methods, and outcomes. The data were screened for duplications and inconsistencies.

Results:

Of seven randomized controlled trial articles identified, two were retracted. Five of the non-retracted articles reported similarly designed studies and included similar patient cohorts. The analysis revealed overlap in patient demographics and reported outcomes and inconsistencies in cardiac index values between trials, suggesting data duplication and manipulation. Several other articles have been retracted. The analysis results of misconduct and co-authorship of retracted studies during Boldt’s late formative years indicate inadequate mentorship. The university’s slow response in supporting the retraction of publications involving scientific misconduct indicates systemic oversight problems.

Conclusion:

All five publications analyzed remained active and warrant retraction to maintain the integrity of the scientific record. This analysis highlights the need for improved institutional supervision. The current guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics for retraction are inadequate for large-scale scientific misconduct. Comprehensive ethics training, regular audits, and transparent reporting are essential to ensure the credibility of published research.
Contribution of psychological characteristics to talent identification in ice-hockey
Authors: Tétreault Émie , Fortin-Guichard Daniel , Grondin Simon
Published: December 2024

Talent identification and selection are crucial for the success of elite sport organizations. Scouts and managers generally select the most promising young athletes based on their current performances, physiological characteristics, and gut feelings. However, psychological characteristics (including perceptual-cognitive and self-regulation abilities) might still be overlooked by selectors. This study aimed at verifying the relationship between psychological characteristics and performance in elite ice-hockey. Eighty-eight youth elite ice-hockey players (forwards and defensemen) eligible for a Major Junior selection draft participated in the study. They were measured at 15 years old on perceptual-cognitive skills (decision-making and anticipation with eye-tracking at a temporal occlusion task) and self-regulated learning abilities (self-reported questionnaire). In addition, their current (draft rank and scouts’ subjective appreciation) and future (points, games played, differential for the following four years) performances were recorded. Multiple linear regression models showed that the scouts’ subjective appreciation was the best predictor of current and future performance. However, when scouts’ appreciation is removed from the models or when positions are analyzed separately, self-regulated learning abilities (effort, planning and reflection subscales) and decision-making could add to the prediction. Overall, this study shows that psychological characteristics could help scouts in the talent identification and selection process, but measuring these characteristics cannot replace their judgment.
Impact of elbow stiffness on running economy in trained athletes
Authors: Wilk Cecilia , Besson Cyril , Stockton Laurie , Vauclair Frédéric , Gremeaux Vincent
Published: December 2024

Background

Elbow injuries are likely to generate a decreased range of motion (ROM), which might negatively affect athletic performance. To date, the effect of elbow stiffness on endurance running performance has never been studied. We conducted an observational, prospective, cross-over study to examine the impact of elbow stiffness on running economy.

Methods

Twenty trained athletes performed running economy tests at 12 km·h−1, with and without a limited elbow ROM (flexion: 90°, extension: 45°), imposed by a dynamic brace mimicking a severe elbow stiffness. Relative intensity and performance indexes were measured during a subsequent maximal incremental exercise test.

Results

Running economy was measured at 180 ± 10.6 mlO2·km−1·kg−1 with a full ROM, and 180.2 ± 12.3 mlO2·km−1·kg−1 with the limited ROM showing a non-significant 0.1% difference ( p = 0.871).

Discussion

Athletes experiencing post-traumatic elbow stiffness can find reassurance in knowing that it does not seem to impact a crucial metric of endurance running performance, namely running economy. Further research could explore elbow movement at different intensities of running, from higher aerobic speeds to sprinting.
Ankle and foot deformities and malformations in proximal femoral focal deficiency
Authors: Chomiak Jiri , Frydrychova Monika , Ošťádal Martin , Dungl Pavel
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To describe foot abnormalities in proximal femoral focal deficiency and their correlation to the severity.

Methods:

Eighty-nine extremities in 87 patients were evaluated between 1996 and 2020 clinically and radiologically. Fibula length, ankle shape, tarsal coalitions, and the number of foot rays were recorded. Extremities with proximal femoral focal deficiency were classified according to Pappas and divided into severe (classes II and V), medium severe (classes III and IV), and mild groups (classes VII, VIII, and IX).

Results:

The fibula was short in 89% and absent in 11% of cases. An absent fibula occurred mostly in severe class III and only in 4% of mild grades (statistically significant, p = 0.004). The valgus ankle joint prevailed in 82% of cases. Spherical ankle joints (18% of cases) were associated in all cases with a tarsal coalition. Tarsal coalitions occurred in 14.6% and were present in all classes except class IV. Five ray feet were found in 83% of cases, four ray feet were found in 16%, and three ray feet in one extremity. Reduction in the number of foot rays occurred more commonly in association with fibular aplasia (30%).

Conclusions:

Abnormalities of the fibula and ankle joint represent a constant part of proximal femoral focal deficiency, whereas tarsal coalition and a reduction of foot rays do not. The severity of foot abnormalities does not correlate to the severity of proximal femoral focal deficiency but does with fibular aplasia.
Endoscopic assessment of gastric emptying in older adults after preoperative administration of 5% glucose solution: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Liu Yan , Yu Qian , Wang Run , Luo Linli
Published: December 2024

Background

Delayed gastric emptying of liquids may heighten the risk of aspiration reflux in elderly individuals. To investigate the gastric emptying of an oral supplement containing 5% dextrose solutions before sedation for gastroscopy.

Patients and methods

A total of 100 elderly patients who were scheduled for elective gastroscopy were randomly assigned to two groups: the NPO(nil per os ) group and the dextrose solution ingestion group, which ingested a 5% dextrose solution (5 ml/kg) two hours before the procedure. The primary outcome measure was the gastric volume (GV) suctioned and measured during the gastroscopic examination. Secondary outcome measures included GV per weight (GV/kg), post-discharge blood glucose levels, patient discomfort assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), clarity of gastric mucosal visualization during gastroscopy, and the incidence of adverse events. Additionally, linear regression analysis was employed to identify factors influencing gastric volume.

Results

There were no significant differences in gastric volume (GV) (P=0.258) and GV per weight (GV/W) (P=0.137) between the NPO group and the dextrose solution group. However,the NPO group had higher discomfort scores on the Visual Analog Scale compared to the dextrose solution group, with a statistically significant difference(P<0.001). The clarity of gastric mucosal visualization during gastroscopy was also significantly different between the two groups(P=0.038). Blood glucose levels and the incidence of adverse events showed no significant differences between the two groups.Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that younger age and higher functional dyspepsia symptom diary (FDSD) scores were associated with larger gastric volume, with the regression equation being: GV = 79.922 - 1.186 $$\times$$
×
age + 0.556 $$\times$$
×
FDSD.

Conclusion

In elderly patients, drinking 5 ml/kg of a 5 % glucose solution two hours prior to gastroscopy does not significantly increase gastric volume compared to midnight fasting.

Trial registration

ChiCTR2100047031 (date of registration: 7 June 2021).
Community-based physical and social activity for older adults with mild frailty: a rapid qualitative study of a collaborative intervention pilot
Authors: Liddle Jennifer , Stowell Melanie , Ali Michael , Warwick Stephanie , Thompson Alexandra , Brittain Katie , Brougham Adam , Hanratty Barbara
Published: December 2024

Background

Intervening to modify frailty trajectories may be critical to maintain health and independence in later life. The Active Ageing Programme (AAP) is a 16-week community-based intervention for older people with mild frailty that combines physical activity and social interaction. The programme aims to positively impact resilience and wellbeing, changing the physical, mental and social factors that impact on frailty trajectories. We conducted a rapid qualitative study with the first cohort to understand the acceptability and feasibility of the AAP.

Methods

Purposive sampling was used to identify and recruit staff and participants involved in the AAP for semi-structured interviews. The topic guides covered experiences and perceptions of training and referral, delivery and participation in activities, and benefits and challenges. Data from 20 interviews were analysed using a reflexive thematic approach with inductive coding. The Theoretical Domains Framework prompted consideration of potential individual, social and environmental factors influencing changes in behaviour and practice.

Results

Sixteen AAP staff (10) and participants (6) completed interviews. Two themes were developed: combining motivating components; addressing what matters. The AAP brought together a number of components that supported its acceptability and successful implementation by motivating older people and staff and sustaining their engagement. These included the convenient and familiar location, the opportunity to improve physical health (participants) and to gain experience of an activity intervention, training and confidence (staff), and the variety of activities on offer. The programme was perceived to have potential to improve physical and mental health and increase the personal resources (e.g. knowledge, confidence, motivation) of those taking part. Areas identified as important for the AAP’s future sustainability and success were: tailoring recruitment practices; enhancing organisational communication; and strengthening support for participants to achieve long-term increased physical and social activity and resilience.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that community-based physical and social activity interventions targeting frailty may be acceptable, feasible and useful. Further work is needed to investigate the impact of such programmes on health and service utilisation. Efforts should be targeted at improving the potential for long-term sustainability of programmes and their impacts.
Nickel and human sperm quality: a systematic review
Authors: Vinnikov Denis , Syurin Sergei
Published: December 2024

Background

Reproductive effects of chronic exposure to nickel (Ni), including sperm quality, have been a matter of debate given that published studies yielded contrasting results. We have, therefore, planned to systematically search and analyze medical literature with the aim to ascertain the association of exposure to nickel with the sperm quality in humans.

Materials and methods

We systematically searched Pubmed, Scopus and Embase for studies reporting the association of Ni with the sperm quality in humans with no time or language limits and used PRISMA to report the findings. The risk of bias was assessed using JBI critical appraisal checklist and SIGN tool. Because the reported effects were no coherent, meta-analysis was not possible.

Results

All included studies were observational and planned to test the effect of a group of trace elements, but not Ni alone. We identified and included 19 studies from 23 publications, published from 12 countries, which assessed sperm quality, sperm DNA damage and sperm metabolome. Ni was quantified in blood, semen plasma, spermatozoa and urine. Sixteen included cross-sectional studies were of acceptable quality, whereas three more case-control reports were of poor quality. Multivariate models were reported in only eight studies. Overall, studies were inconsistent in the direction of effect, when elevated Ni was not associated with the outcome (N = 8 studies), or some association was present (N = 11 studies). In the latter, 9 studies yielded elevated risk and 2 studies exhibited protective effect. Only one report was in an occupationally exposed population with some association with tail defects, but present in both welders and controls.

Conclusions

Existing evidence from the studies in humans is inconsistent and does not confirm a clear adverse effect of higher Ni concentrations in blood, urine or semen on the sperm quality. Robust methodology must be a key issue in the future studies. Studies with more powerful evidence, such as cohort or experimental reports are needed.
Smartphone-generated 3D facial images: reliable for routine assessment of the oronasal region of patients with cleft or mere convenience? A validation study
Authors: Singh Pradeep , Hsung Richard Tai‑Chiu , Ajmera Deepal Haresh , Said Noha A. , Leung Yiu Yan , McGrath Colman , Gu Min
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the validity and reliability of smartphone-generated three-dimensional (3D) facial images for routine evaluation of the oronasal region of patients with cleft by comparing their accuracy to that of direct anthropometry (DA) and 3dMD.

Materials and methods

Eighteen soft-tissue facial landmarks were manually labelled on each of the 17 (9 males and 8 females; mean age 23.3 ± 5.4 years) cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients’ faces. Two surface imaging systems, 3dMDface and Bellus3D FaceApp, were used to perform two imaging operations on each labelled face. Subsequently, 32 inter-landmark facial measurements were directly measured on the labelled faces and digitally measured on the 3D facial images. Statistical comparisons were made between smartphone-generated 3D facial images (SGI), DA, and 3dMD measurements.

Results

The SGI measurements were slightly higher than those from DA and 3dMD, but the mean differences between inter-landmark measurements were not statistically significant across all three methods. In terms of clinical acceptability, 16% and 59% of measures showed differences of ≤ 3 mm or ≤ 5º, with good agreement between DA and SGI and 3dMD and SGI, respectively. A small systematic bias of ± 0.2 mm was observed generally among the three methods. Additionally, the mean absolute difference between the DA and SGI methods was the highest for linear measurements (1.31 ± 0.34 mm) and angular measurements (4.11 ± 0.76º).

Conclusions

SGI displayed fair trueness compared to DA and 3dMD. It exhibited high accuracy in the orolabial area and specific central and flat areas within the oronasal region. Notwithstanding this, it has limited clinical applicability for assessing the entire oronasal region of patients with CLP. From a clinical application perspective, SGI should accurately encompass the entire oronasal region for optimal clinical use.

Clinical relevance

SGI can be considered for macroscopic oronasal analysis or for patient education where accuracy within 3 mm and 5º may not be critical.
Correlation between measured oral health and oral health-related quality of life in people with epidermolysis bullosa: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Joanning Theresa , Trento Guilherme , Köppe Jeanette , Daume Linda , Kleinheinz Johannes , Hanisch Marcel , Oelerich Ole
Published: December 2024

Background

Inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genetic disorder characterized by skin fragility and unique oral features. This prospective study aimed to analyze the correlation between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and the objectively measured oral health indices of people suffering from EB and within their subtypes.

Methods

The German version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14G) was employed for the assessment of OHRQoL. Furthermore, all participants underwent a comprehensive clinical examination to evaluate their oral health via the Physical Oral Health Index (PhOX). Study participants were included through various self-help groups in Germany, regular appointments at the outpatient clinic for rare diseases with orofacial involvement, at the Department of Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery at the University Hospital Münster and through contact via social media.

Results

A total of 33 individuals participated in the study. The study revealed that both OHRQoL and oral health were reduced. Individuals with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) were more negatively affected than were those in the junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) and epidermolysis simplex (EBS) groups. The OHIP-G14 mean score of participants diagnosed with DEB was 25.2 (95% CI: 18.4–32.0; ± 13.7, range 5–49), and the PhOX mean score of DEB was 54.6 (± 15.7). A significant correlation was observed between PhOX and the OHIP score (rs = -0.54; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The findings of this study corroborate the challenges faced by patients with EB in the oral domain and the deterioration of their OHRQoL. These results emphasize the necessity for dentists to engage comprehensively in disease management, encompassing routine examinations, preventive dental care and oral hygiene education. Consequently, enhanced communication is required not only between dental and dermatological teams but also with caregivers.
Online learning modules improve confidence in providing gender affirming care for youth
Authors: Hodax Juanita K. , Kahn Nicole F. , Crouch Julia M. , Sethness Janis L. , Bocek Kevin M. , Sumerwell Catherine , Sequeira Gina M.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Healthcare providers often lack training and education in caring for gender diverse youth. We aimed to explore changes in provider confidence and behaviors following the implementation of an online learning course focused on gender affirming care for youth.

Methods

An asynchronous, online training consisting of 2 modules was made available in October 2021. Participants were asked to complete 3 surveys for each module they completed: a pre-survey, a post-survey, and a 3-month follow-up survey. Surveys included demographic data and an assessment of provider confidence and self-reported behaviors related to the provision of gender affirming care for adolescents that were in line with the objectives outlined in each module. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare participant confidence at all timepoints.

Results

Participants (n = 487) completed at least one survey from one module. There was notable diversity in provider types, including mental health providers (n = 86, 17.7%), community health workers (n = 71, 14.6%), and medical students or health professionals (n = 61, 12.5%). Participants were significantly more confident in all aspects of care provision when comparing pre-surveys and post-surveys (p < 0.001 for all survey items focused on change in provider confidence ). At 3-month follow-up after module completion, improvements in confidence were sustained in providing information and resources to adolescents and their families, and having conversations with them about gender identity along with the importance of using affirming language. However, these modules did not result in self-reported behavior change regarding provision of gender affirming hormones or puberty blockers.

Conclusions

Online learning modules may be an effective means of educating a large number of healthcare providers about caring for gender diverse youth in a variety of settings and across disciplines.
Effect of a multimodal continuing professional development initiative on HIV testing in primary care in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Lynn Brenna M. , Barrows Jennifer A. , Lam Vivian W.Y. , Curran Vernon R.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Many persons are unaware of HIV infection until they present in an advanced stage of the disease. Diagnosing HIV infection in its earliest stages reduces morbidity and mortality and contributes to improved public health. Increased testing for HIV is critical for prevention, and primary care providers play an essential role in early HIV screening. However, lack of knowledge and confidence are barriers to the adoption of screening practices. Continuing professional development (CPD) may enhance greater HIV testing uptake amongst primary care providers by improving awareness and comfort. This paper aims to report on the impact of a multimodal CPD initiative to increase HIV screening and test ordering across primary care settings in British Columbia, Canada.

Methods

The ‘HIV Testing Initiative in Family Practice’ was designed as a multimodal education strategy to encourage family physicians to adopt routine HIV testing in their practices. The initiative encompassed a variety of core and supplementary educational activities, including interactive in-person CPD workshops, practice resources, and patient education materials. An interrupted time series study was undertaken to evaluate the effect on HIV test ordering before and after workshop participation. Participants also completed post-workshop surveys to assess satisfaction.

Results

In total, 316 individuals participated in the core educational activities of the initiative. The number of HIV tests ordered increased significantly amongst participants following workshop participation (p < .001). HIV test ordering increased for both rural and urban providers with no significant difference (p = .075) on the number of tests ordered between these groups. Participants were very satisfied with workshop participation, with an overall mean satisfaction rating of 4.78 (out of 5) and reported high satisfaction with the format (4.64 out of 5) and interactivity (4.76 out of 5) features across the workshops.

Discussion

The findings suggest that the introduction of a multimodal CPD intervention may have effected change in family physicians’ HIV testing practices. The HIV testing rates of physicians who had participated in CPD workshops increased significantly, and participant evaluation data indicated a greater understanding of the rationale for routine HIV testing, as well as an increase in comfort with recommending HIV tests to patients.
Quantitative Comparison and Clustering of Circular Dichroism Spectra Using a Symmetrized Weighted Spectral Difference
Authors: Chouchane Karim , Kirkitadze Marina , Misra Rahul , Kowal Przemyslaw , Dalloz-bourguignon Olivier , Greco Frederic , Fayard Sylvie , Marco Sergio , Clenet Didier
Published: December 2024

Spectroscopy (UV-visible, circular dichroism, infrared, Raman, fluorescence, etc.) is of fundamental importance to determine the structures of macromolecules and monitor their stability, especially for drug products, based on proteins or nucleic acids. In their 2014 article, Dinh et al. proposed Weighted Spectral Difference (WSD) as a method to quantitatively compute the dissimilarity of a given spectrum to a reference one. Despite the various properties of this method, its lack of symmetry and dependence on the selection of a reference limits the range of possible applications. Here, we propose a reference-free, symmetrized version of WSD (SWSD) that allows the computation of a semi-distance between two spectra. SWSD can be applied to perform group comparisons, track spectral kinetics, or construct a SWSD matrix leading to the hierarchical clustering of spectra. This method was tested on circular dichroism spectra from a split-virus-based (influenza) vaccine and a recombinant spike protein (COVID-19 vaccine). This approach resulted, first, in a perfect clustering of influenza A and B viruses into two distinct clusters, and second, in the detection of the change of secondary structure of the spike protein during a heating experiment, identifying two main temperatures of denaturation (Tm) by SWSD kinetics, in agreement with results obtained by conventional DSC. In summary, we have shown that SWSD is a versatile and efficient tool for quantitative spectral comparison, tracking spectral kinetics and enabling relevant unsupervised classification.
Baldwin/Delaney/Cazac
Authors: Boggs Nicholas
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, Nicholas Boggs responds to the gap in the scholarly engagement with James Baldwin’s Little Man, Little Man: A Story of Childhood, the 1976 genre-bending “child’s story for adults,” by digging deeper into the influence of two essential figures in the book’s overlooked history: Baldwin’s mentor Beauford Delaney, to whom it was dedicated, and the French artist Yoran Cazac, who provided its illustrations. Drawing on original research, the essay shows how Little Man, Little Man should be read as a particularly productive confluence of the artistic sensibilities of all three men, with roots in the time they spent together at Delaney’s studio on the outskirts of Paris more than a decade and a half before the book’s publication. Little Man, Little Man weds Baldwin’s political vision and linguistic virtuosity with the imprint of Delaney’s influence and refracts this union through Cazac’s dreamy watercolor illustrations.
Queer Radiance
Authors: Schmidt Tyler T.
Published: December 2024

This chapter, by Tyler T. Schmidt, centers on Beauford Delaney’s Self-Portrait in a Paris Bath (1971) to query the relationship between aesthetics and erotics in Delaney’s later work. Delaney’s depiction of himself as African royalty cites but also subverts European modernists’ interest in African sculpture and asks us to theorize anew a lineage of queer Africanist expression that might be drawn from Delaney to later artists such as Rotimi Fani-Kayode. The chapter also takes up James Baldwin’s narration of his public sex encounters in the essay “Here Be Dragons” (1985), placing it alongside discussions of the bathhouse by Samuel Delany, Douglas Crimp, and others. The bathhouse in Delaney’s painting is a site of queer radiance in queer time, in which the bathing Black body is linked to both a past and a future eroticism, prefiguring discourses about spaces of public sex published after Delaney’s death.