bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cetology Now
Authors: Helmreich Stefan , Roosth Sophia , Friedner Michele
Published: November 2017

This chapter proposes a classification of today's whales according to three different formats: the analog whale, the digital whale, and the simulated whale. The analog whale would be a whale of the waves, rising, though mostly falling. As the type of the ANALOG, think of the whale fall, the sunken carcass of a whale, which in its deep death can give rise to an ecology all its own. The cetacean understood as a linear sequence of DNA, of discrete nucleotide bases, fits into the category of the digital whale. Under the simulated whale, we can place the fiberglass whale made by the marine biologist Jenifer Hurley, of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories in California, to train sea lions to film migrating whales. The chapter suggests that all of these representations of whales in their migrations toward death reach toward another format: the virtual.
Homo Microbis
Authors: Helmreich Stefan , Roosth Sophia , Friedner Michele
Published: November 2017

This chapter examines some of the celebratory accounts that have gathered around the human microbiome—the ecology of microbes that exist in human bodies, with a particular focus on how it is infused with older idioms of “sex” and “race.” Dissecting the idea of the species, the chapter challenges some of the new materialisms in science studies that, in the name of attending to the agency of the material world, take scientific stories as literal truths, as exhaustive of what microbial life and other material phenomena might be and mean. It argues that “biology” does not speak for itself, either about humans or nonhumans. Rather, biology is a historically crafted discipline, and its materials come thickly figured and configured by the histories and cultures through which they are imagined and inhabited.
Chimeric Sensing
Authors: Helmreich Stefan , Roosth Sophia , Friedner Michele
Published: November 2017

This chapter examines auditory chimerism, an experimental technique in which sound recordings are decomposed and then reconstituted otherwise, often with the aim of testing the limits and possibilities of human hearing. Auditory chimeras are sound events realized through a technical practice of sieving one sound through another. The auditory chimera delivers a kind of structured nonsense meant to force listeners to confront their assumptions about how and what they are hearing when they hear. The chapter considers auditory chimerism through the work of the electronic composer Florian Hecker, who has experimented with this technique to produce against-the-grain redescriptions of sound. Its goal is to show how to think of bio-chimerical human hearing next to the technical process of making auditory chimeras, and what happens when chimeric listening meets chimeric composition.
In-Your-Face Politics
Authors: Mutz Diana C.
Published: November 2017

Americans are disgusted with watching politicians screaming and yelling at one another on television. But does all the noise really make a difference? Drawing on numerous studies, this book provides the first comprehensive look at the consequences of in-your-face politics. The book contradicts the conventional wisdom by documenting both the benefits and the drawbacks of in-your-face media. “In-your-face” politics refers to both the level of incivility and the up-close and personal way that we experience political conflict on television. Just as actual physical closeness intensifies people's emotional reactions to others, the appearance of closeness on a video screen has similar effects. We tend to keep our distance from those with whom we disagree. Modern media, however, puts those we dislike in our faces in a way that intensifies our negative reactions. This book finds that incivility is particularly detrimental to facilitating respect for oppositional political viewpoints and to citizens' levels of trust in politicians and the political process. On the positive side, incivility and close-up camera perspectives contribute to making politics more physiologically arousing and entertaining to viewers. This encourages more attention to political programs, stimulates recall of the content, and encourages people to relay content to others. In the end, this book demonstrates why political incivility is not easily dismissed as a disservice to democracy—it may even be a necessity in an age with so much competition for citizens' attention.
Stealing Helen
Authors: Edmunds Lowell
Published: November 2017

It's a familiar story: a beautiful woman is abducted and her husband journeys to recover her. This story's best-known incarnation is also a central Greek myth—the abduction of Helen that led to the Trojan War. Stealing Helen surveys a vast range of folktales and texts exhibiting the story pattern of the abducted beautiful wife and makes a detailed comparison with the Helen of Troy myth. This book shows that certain Sanskrit, Welsh, and Old Irish texts suggest there was an Indo-European story of the abducted wife before the Helen myth of the Iliad became known. Investigating Helen's status in ancient Greek sources, the book argues that if Helen was just one trope of the abducted wife, the quest for Helen's origin in Spartan cult can be abandoned, as can the quest for an Indo-European goddess who grew into the Helen myth. The book explains that Helen was not a divine essence but a narrative figure that could replicate itself as needed, at various times or places in ancient Greece. It recovers some of these narrative Helens, such as those of the Pythagoreans and of Simon Magus, which then inspired the Helens of the Faust legend and Goethe. This book offers a detailed critique of prevailing views behind the “real” Helen and presents an eye-opening exploration of the many sources for this international mythical and literary icon.
Helen in the Fifth Century and After
Authors: Edmunds Lowell
Published: November 2017

This chapter explores the fifth-century strands of reception of Helen. The Helens discussed in this chapter are a selection made to illustrate the postepic narrative as presupposed by various writers in various media. In addition to these fifth-century strands, the chapter also turns to the fourth century, which is another important strand of reception. The fourth century traces a strand which begins with the Pythagoreans in Croton in southern Italy and leads on to Goethe by way of Simon Magus. Another strand begins with the first fictional Helen, which can be found in Ovid. The chapter accompanies this discussion with an introduction into the concept of fiction. Finally, this chapter provides an example of the parallel phenomenon in Greek literature.
Introduction
Authors: Hayes Christine
Published: November 2017

In the Hellenistic period, popular and highly eclectic versions of the tenets of the central philosophical schools penetrated the eastern end of the Mediterranean, and Jews living in this area were exposed to the divine law discourses of the classical tradition. Hellenistic philosophical schools of all stripes commonly attributed certain traits to divine natural law. It was held to be universal, rational, unwritten, eternal, and unchanging, and to govern the sage without effort. By contrast, human positive law was held to be particular, grounded in a sovereign will, written, temporary, and flexible. Positive law is superfluous for the sage, who automatically pursues the virtue that he rationally perceives, and deficient for the fool, who rebels against its strictures....
The “Truth” about Torah
Authors: Hayes Christine
Published: November 2017

This chapter explores the rabbinic concept of divine law on the specific question of truth. It examines a wide range of rabbinic texts that shed light on a constellation of questions addressing the divine law's relationship to truth: Is truth in the form of a mind-independent, objective measure associated with the divine law in rabbinic texts, and if so, in what way? Is biblical divine law understood to be identical with or to conform to truth—whether an eternal, unchanging, and universal rational truth as for Philo, or empirically verifiable or divinely revealed ontological reality as for some Qumran writings, or some other standard or conception of truth? Alternatively, is divine law divorced from truth, and if so, does the divorce of truth and divine law undermine the latter's claim to authority and divinity? Finding the answers to these questions is complicated by certain structural dissimilarities between biblical divine law and Greco-Roman conceptions of divine law.
The Flexibility of Torah
Authors: Hayes Christine
Published: November 2017

This chapter examines sources that shed light on a variety of issues bearing on the question of the flexibility of the divine law of Israel according to the talmudic rabbis. In many of these sources, the Law is seen to be susceptible to change through rational adjustments by humans. The rhetoric surrounding human adjustment of the Law varies. In some passages these adjustments are represented as a kind of natural evolution justified by values and commitments internal to the system. In some passages, however, they are represented as interventions based on values and commitments external to the system, raising important questions about the agency and authority of human beings in a system of divine law. On what grounds do humans modify the Law? How is it that rational modification of the Law and the implied fallibility of the divine lawgiver do not impinge upon the Law's divinity in the eyes of the rabbis?
Introduction
Authors: Hurd Elizabeth Shakman
Published: November 2017

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book considers the history of state efforts to define and shape forms of religiosity that are understood to be conducive to particular regimes of governance. It offers a focused discussion that brings together several questions and concerns that have not been considered together before to develop three related arguments about these political projects and the fields in which they are deployed. First, it shows how particular constructs of religious freedom, religious tolerance, and the rights of religious minorities are being packaged into political projects and delivered around the world by states and others. Second, it contributes to the literature on religion and international relations by historicizing and politicizing the attempt over the past two decades to incorporate a concern for religion into the study and practice of global politics. Third, the book embeds the study of religion and politics in a series of broader social and interpretive fields by exploring the relation between these international projects and the social, religious, and political contexts in which they are deployed.
Minorities under Law
Authors: Hurd Elizabeth Shakman
Published: November 2017

This chapter explores the implications of adopting religion as a category to draw together individuals and communities as corporate bodies that are depicted as in need of legal protection to achieve their freedom. It draws on an extended case study of the Alevis in Turkey. Ongoing uncertainty about the legal and religious status of the Alevis opens a space in which to explore claims to the category of religious minority, constructs of religious freedom, and the implications of contemporary legal approaches to managing religious difference. The chapter begins with a short introduction to the Alevis, a social group that was formally constituted as a single community relatively recently as part of the Turkish nation-building project. It then evaluates two legal definitions of Alevism by the Turkish state and the European Court of Human Rights. These distinct institutional contexts produce different constructions of Alevism with significant legal and political implications for arbitrating major social issues in Turkey, such as who is a Muslim, who is a minority, and what is religion.
Beyond Religious Freedom
Authors: Hurd Elizabeth Shakman
Published: November 2017

This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. It raises the question of what would it mean to dethrone religion as a stable interpretive and policy category, as suggested in this book. What would it entail to disaggregate religion and consider the interrelations between expert, lived, and governed religion? What if we were to accept both that secularization theory was misguided and that religion is also deeply problematic as a political category? It reconsiders what is often named as “religious” violence and persecution. It then turns to how scholars of religion and politics might serve not as producers of information, but rather as carriers of critical insights that can be brought to bear on how policy is developed and implemented.
Euripides and the Politics of Form
Authors: Wohl Victoria
Published: November 2017

How can we make sense of the innovative structure of Euripidean drama? And what political role did tragedy play in the democracy of classical Athens? These questions are usually considered to be mutually exclusive, but this book shows that they can only be properly answered together. Providing a new approach to the aesthetics and politics of Greek tragedy, this book argues that the poetic form of Euripides' drama constitutes a mode of political thought. Through readings of select plays, the book explores the politics of Euripides' radical aesthetics, showing how formal innovation generates political passions with real-world consequences. Euripides' plays have long perplexed readers. With their disjointed plots, comic touches, and frequent happy endings, they seem to stretch the boundaries of tragedy. But the plays' formal traits—from their exorbitantly beautiful lyrics to their arousal and resolution of suspense—shape the audience's political sensibilities and ideological attachments. Engendering civic passions, the plays enact as well as express political ideas. The book draws out the political implications of Euripidean aesthetics by exploring such topics as narrative and ideological desire, the politics of pathos, realism and its utopian possibilities, the logic of political allegory, and tragedy's relation to its historical moment. Breaking through the impasse between formalist and historicist interpretations of Greek tragedy, the book demonstrates that aesthetic structure and political meaning are mutually implicated—and that to read the plays poetically is necessarily to read them politically.
The Politics of Political Allegory
Authors: Wohl Victoria
Published: November 2017

This chapter reads Suppliants, focusing on the form of its allegory and allegory as a tragic form. If all tragedy is inherently allegorical, as historicist scholarship assumes, Euripides turns this generic feature into a resource for thought. His experiment in mimetic compression allows him to explore the nature of tragic mimesis as a mode of representation, both aesthetic and political. The mimetic form itself becomes a kind of theoretical content: the doubleness of allegory offers not only a means of saying one thing through the vehicle of another, but also a way of thinking about the relationship between vehicle and tenor, tragedy and politics. By heightening tragedy's inherent allegorical potential, Suppliants challenges our historicist presuppositions, forcing us to rethink tragedy's role in and relation to the city and the possibilities and paradoxes of “political tragedy.”
Broken Plays for a Broken World
Authors: Wohl Victoria
Published: November 2017

This chapter analyzes the relation between tragedy and its historical moment, focusing in particular on Orestes. It elaborates on an anticipatory temporality of tragic politics suggested at the end of chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 2 showed that the ethical demands tragedy makes on its audience cannot be met within the Theater of Dionysus: if tragedy's beauty (or its ugliness) makes us just, that justice remains to come, and it is our responsibility to bring it into being. Chapter 3 proposed that Electra's utopianism lies not in its “realist” depiction of an egalitarian scenario, but in its staging of egalitarianism as an emergent possibility, not yet realized in the present time of the play's production. The chapter argues that tragedy can do more than just imagine such future possibilities. By literally representing the affective experience of emergent scenarios, it can make them real.
Content of the Form
Authors: Wohl Victoria
Published: November 2017

This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. It argues that Euripides' imperfect alignment of form and meaning forces form itself onto center stage. It makes us aware of a play's form, granting it density and texture. Even at its emptiest, form is always full, replete with meaning. We have seen Euripides exploring that meaning, thinking in form about tragic form and its fullness and emptiness. The plays have shown us form as generative and enabling, producing, for example, an aspiration to justice (in Hecuba and Trojan Women), or a renewed attachment to the polis (in Ion), or even history itself (in Suppliants and Orestes. We have also seen the constraints and oppressions of form, both dramatic and social. In Electra, empty forms encrusted with outdated content constrained human behavior and foreclosed radical social possibilities. Form functioned as a deadweight upon the play's own imagination.
The Other Bruhat-Tits Buildings
Authors: M¨uhlherr Bernhard , Petersson Holger P. , Weiss Richard M.
Published: November 2017

This chapter summarizes the results about the residues of Bruhat-Tits buildings other than those associated with the exceptional Moufang quadrangles examined in previous chapters. It first considers cases, for which it assumes that Λ‎ is complete with respect to a discrete valuation in an appropriate sense. It then presents the Coxeter diagram of Ξ‎ and the vertex set S of such diagram, along with the J-residue of the building Ξ‎, which is called a gem if J is the complement in the S of a special vertex. The chapter also discusses the structure of the gems of Ξ‎ as well as cases in which the pseudo-quadratic space is defined to be ramified or unramified.
Strictly Semi-linear Automorphisms
Authors: M¨uhlherr Bernhard , Petersson Holger P. , Weiss Richard M.
Published: November 2017

This chapter considers the action of a strictly semi-linear automorphism fixing a root on the corresponding root group. It begins with the hypothesis whereby Δ‎ is a Moufang spherical building and Π‎ is the Coxeter diagram of Δ‎; here the chapter fixes an apartment Σ‎ of Δ‎ and a root α‎ of Σ‎. The discussion then turns to a number of assumptions about an isomorphism of Moufang sets, anisotropic quadratic space, and root group sequence, followed by a lemma where E is an octonion division algebra with center F and norm N and D is a quaternion subalgebra of E. The chapter concludes with three versions of what is really one result about fixed points of non-linear automorphisms of the Moufang sets.
Epistemic Angst
Authors: Pritchard Duncan
Published: November 2017

This book offers a completely new solution to the ancient philosophical problem of radical skepticism—the challenge of explaining how it is possible to have knowledge of a world external to us. The book argues that the key to resolving this puzzle is to realize that it is composed of two logically distinct problems, each requiring its own solution. The book then puts forward solutions to both problems. To that end, the book offers a new reading of Wittgenstein's account of the structure of rational evaluation and demonstrates how this provides an elegant solution to one aspect of the skeptical problem. The book also revisits the epistemological disjunctivist proposal and shows how it can effectively handle the other aspect of the problem. Finally, the book argues that these two anti-skeptical positions, while superficially in tension with each other, are not only compatible but also mutually supporting. The result is a comprehensive and distinctive resolution to the problem of radical skepticism, one that challenges many assumptions in contemporary epistemology.
Epistemological Disjunctivism and Closure-Based Radical Skepticism
Authors: Pritchard Duncan
Published: November 2017

This chapter explains that the Achilles' heel of epistemological disjunctivism as an anti-skeptical strategy lies in the response that it offers to the closureRK-based radical skeptical paradox. In particular, whereas the epistemological disjunctivist's claim that one can possess a rational grounding for one's everyday beliefs that favors those beliefs over radical skeptical alternatives is well motivated, such that epistemological disjunctivism can evade the problem posed by underdeterminationRK-based radical skepticism, a stronger epistemological thesis is required to deal with closureRK-based radical skepticism, and this thesis is not well motivated. In particular, what is required is the idea that one can have rationally grounded knowledge of the denials of radical skeptical hypotheses, and such a claim appears epistemically immodest in the extreme.
The Web of Practices
Authors: Ferreirós José
Published: November 2017

This chapter is a general introduction to the current trend of studies of mathematical practice, with particular emphasis on historical and philosophical work. It offers a preliminary explanation of the notion of mathematical practice, first by considering the work of historians and philosophers on mathematical practices, from Archimedes and David Hilbert to Jens Høyrup, Penelope Maddy, Marcus Giaquinto, and Philip S. Kitcher. The chapter then characterizes the notion of mathematical practice by successively proposing several constraints. It argues that several different levels of practice and knowledge are coexistent and that their interrelationships are crucial to mathematical knowledge. It shows how the scheme of a web of interrelated practices—counting practices, measuring practices, technical practices, scientific practices—with their systematic links acting as constraint and guide, can be applied in the analysis of very different levels of mathematical activity.
Ethical Affordances, Awareness, and Actions
Authors: Keane Webb
Published: November 2017

This introductory chapter provides a definition of some key terms: ethics, morality, reflexive awareness, and affordance. Studies that focus on virtues, values, and ways of life tend to fall under the rubric of ethics. Those that focus on obligations, prohibitions, general principles, systematicity, and momentary decisions are treated as morality. There is a great deal of overlap and interaction between these. Cutting across the distinction between ethics and morality is another one, that between the tacit and the explicit—those background assumptions, values, and motives that go without saying or are difficult to put into words, on the other hand, and those that easily lend themselves to conscious reflection, on the other. Meanwhile, ethical affordance is any aspects of people's experiences and perceptions that they might draw on in the process of making ethical evaluations and decisions, whether consciously or not.
Problematizing Interaction
Authors: Keane Webb
Published: November 2017

This chapter looks at a variety of ethnographic cases to show how recognition and intentionality are elaborated and brought into focus in different cultural contexts. It studies the concept of dewa, which seems to thematize the role that other people play in one's own sense of self. This concept, however, is not simply just one way of describing a universal feature of interaction. Once crystallized as an object of reflections, something that Sumbanese consciously know about the world and can connect to other things they know about their world, it also guides them as they purposefully undertake ethical actions. Indeed, the chapter argues that if recognition and intentionality are basic features of all social interaction anywhere, they also serve as affordances for dealing with, or reflecting on, particular ethical questions that concern a given community.
Universal smooth k-tame central extension
Authors: Conrad Brian , Prasad Gopal
Published: November 2017

This chapter describes the construction of canonical central extensions that are analogues for perfect smooth connected affine k-groups of the simply connected central cover of a connected semisimple k-group. A commutative affine k-group scheme of finite type is k-tame if it does not contain a nontrivial unipotent k-subgroup scheme. The chapter establishes good properties of the universal smooth k-tame central extension, noting that the property “locally of minimal type” is inherited by pseudo-reductive central quotients of pseudo-reductive groups. Although inseparable Weil restriction does not generally preserve perfectness, the chapter shows that the formation of the universal smooth k-tame central extension interacts with derived groups of Weil restrictions.
Constructions with regular degenerate quadratic forms
Authors: Conrad Brian , Prasad Gopal
Published: November 2017

This chapter uses degenerate quadratic forms and quadrics in Severi–Brauer variety to give a geometric description of all non-standard absolutely pseudo-simple k-groups G of minimal type with root system Bn over ks such that ZG = 1 and the Cartan k-subgroups of G are tori. It begins with an overview of the lemma and propositions for regular degenerate quadratic forms, coupled with two examples. It then considers the conformal isometry between quadratic spaces over a field, which is a linear isomorphism that respects the quadratic forms up to a nonzero scaling factor. It also introduces a proposition that provides sufficient conditions for an absolutely pseudo-simple k-group to be isomorphic to SO(q) for a regular quadratic form q. Finally, it describes all descents in terms of automorphisms of certain quadrics in Severi–Brauer varieties over k.
Who Watches the Watchers?
Authors: Sagar Rahul
Published: November 2017

This introductory chapter explains that the book explores the question of whether state secrecy threatens the interests of citizens or whether it actually furthers them. It examines a means by which citizens and lawmakers can be—and indeed are—alerted to wrongdoing: unauthorized disclosures of classified information. It argues that the possibility of unauthorized disclosures provides the most effective and credible guarantee that those who have the formal authority over state secrecy cannot systematically use it to their own advantage. The book considers whether the judicial review of state secrecy has been deferential, and, if so, whether such deference can be justified. It also discusses the practice of leaking as a practical means by which officials could alert citizens and lawmakers to wrongdoing. The chapter provides an overview of the chapters that follow.
Workhorse Models
Authors: Antràs Pol
Published: November 2017

This chapter provides a succinct account of the rich intellectual history of the field of international trade and offers an overview of its modern workhorse models. This field has experienced a true revolution in recent years. Firms rather than countries or industries are now the central unit of analysis. The workhorse trade models used by most researchers both in theoretical work as well as in guiding empirical studies were published in the 2000s. While these benchmark frameworks ignore contractual aspects, they constitute the backbone of the models developed later in this volume, so the chapter provides a basic understanding of their key features.
Politics among the Victors: Issues and Elections in November 1919
Authors: Maier Charles S.
Published: November 2017

This chapter examines the political and social issues that were brought to the fore by the parliamentary elections held simultaneously in France, Germany, and Italy in November 1919. It explains why parliaments fell gradually into eclipse and Europeans turned to more corporatist means of winning the consensus needed to govern. It shows that in France the voting confirmed a broad antisocialist and nationalist consensus clearly emergent under Premier Georges Clemenceau. In Italy neither the administration of Vittorio Emanuele Orlando nor Francesco Saverio Nitti provided consistent bourgeois directives, nor could the electoral mandate furnish them as a surrogate. Hence French bourgeois security seemed consolidated by the election results, whereas Italian conservatives would have to resist the logic of the new parliamentary alignments—or, alternatively, reduce the role of the parliament itself.
The Politics of Reparation
Authors: Maier Charles S.
Published: November 2017

This chapter examines the politics of reparation in France, Germany, and Italy. The reparation issue was not settled at the Paris Peace Conference. Woodrow Wilson resisted the most extensive demands of the European allies, but recompense for civilian damages, which he sanctioned, was bound to be enormous. Furthermore, Britain won the principle that separation allowances and pensions for veterans or dependents must also be shouldered by Germany. To forestall divisive arguments, it was agreed that a Reparations Commission would determine the total damages and levy a final bill by May 1, 1921. The chapter discusses issues relating to reparation, taxes, and the German heavy industry. It also considers how with French Prime Minister Aristide Briand and German Chancellor Joseph Wirth sought support on the basis of a reformist or moderate position and found themselves stalemated, suggesting that both men were hostage to each other's moderation on reparations.
Majorities without Mandates: Issues and Elections in the Spring of 1924
Authors: Maier Charles S.
Published: November 2017

This chapter examines issues arising from the elections that were held in France, Germany, and Italy in the spring of 1924, asking in particular whether the elections could resolve the political ambiguities persisting in the three countries. It suggests that the presence of important political alternatives could not guarantee that the voting would yield clear decisions. Even where significant majorities or shifts of opinion occurred, the results were not unequivocal in terms of the issues at stake. Choices on the ballot did not parallel real policy alternatives. Superficially decisive victories led merely to coalitions built around opportunity rather than policy. The chapter considers the limits of Benito Mussolini's majority, the setback suffered by the Social Democratic Party (SPD) at the polls, and the coalition between the Radical Socialist Party and the SPD to form the Cartel des Gauches.
Representations of the fundamental group and the torsor of deformations. An overview
Authors: Abbes Ahmed , Gros Michel
Published: November 2017

This chapter provides an overview of a new approach to the p-adic Simpson correspondence, focusing on representations of the fundamental group and the torsor of deformations. The discussion covers the notation and conventions, small generalized representations, the torsor of deformations, Faltings ringed topos, and Dolbeault modules. The chapter begins with a short aside on small generalized representations in the affine case, which will be used as intermediary for the study of Dolbeault representations. It then introduces the notion of generalized Dolbeault representation for a small affine scheme and the companion notion of solvable Higgs module, and constructs a natural equivalence between these two categories. It establishes links between these notions and Faltings smallness conditions and relates this to Hyodo's theory. It also describes the Higgs–Tate algebras and concludes with an analysis of the logical links for a Higgs bundle, between smallness and solvability.
Representations of the fundamental group and the torsor of deformations. Global aspects
Authors: Abbes Ahmed , Gros Michel
Published: November 2017

This chapter continues the construction and study of the p-adic Simpson correspondence and presents the global aspects of the theory of representations of the fundamental group and the torsor of deformations. After fixing the notation and general conventions, the chapter develops preliminaries and then introduces the results and complements on the notion of locally irreducible schemes. It also fixes the logarithmic geometry setting of the constructions and considers a number of results on the Koszul complex. Finally, it develops the formalism of additive categories up to isogeny and describes the inverse systems of a Faltings ringed topos, with a particular focus on the notion of adic modules and the finiteness conditions adapted to this setting. The chapter rounds up the discussion with sections on Higgs–Tate algebras and Dolbeault modules.
Cohomology of Higgs isocrystals
Authors: Tsuji Takeshi
Published: November 2017

This chapter describes the cohomology of Higgs isocrystals, which are introduced to replace the notion of Higgs bundles. The link between these two notions uses Higgs envelopes and calls to mind the link between classical crystals and modules with integrable connections. After discussing Higgs isocrystals and Higgs crystals, cohomology of Higgs isocrystals, and representations of the fundamental group, the chapter presents the main result: the construction of a fully faithful functor from the category of Higgs (iso)crystals satisfying an overconvergence condition to that of small generalized representations. It also proves the compatibility of this functor with the natural cohomologies and concludes by comparing the cohomology of Higgs isocrystals with Faltings cohomology.
Fourier Restriction for Hypersurfaces in Three Dimensions and Newton Polyhedra (AM-194)
Authors: Ikromov Isroil A. , Müller Detlef
Published: November 2017

This is the first book to present a complete characterization of Stein–Tomas-type Fourier restriction estimates for large classes of smooth hypersurfaces in three dimensions, including all real-analytic hypersurfaces. The range of Lebesgue spaces for which these estimates are valid is described in terms of Newton polyhedra associated to the given surface. The book begins with Elias M. Stein's concept of Fourier restriction and some relations between the decay of the Fourier transform of the surface measure and Stein–Tomas-type restriction estimates. Varchenko's ideas relating Fourier decay to associated Newton polyhedra are briefly explained, particularly the concept of adapted coordinates and the notion of height. It turns out that these classical tools essentially suffice already to treat the case where there exist linear adapted coordinates, and thus the book concentrates on the remaining case. Here the notion of r-height is introduced, which proves to be the right new concept. The book then describes decomposition techniques and related stopping time algorithms that allow to partition the given surface into various pieces, which can eventually be handled by means of oscillatory integral estimates. Different interpolation techniques are presented and used, from complex to more recent real methods by Bak and Seeger. Fourier restriction plays an important role in several fields, in particular in real and harmonic analysis, number theory, and PDEs. This book will interest graduate students and researchers working in such fields.
The Machiavellian Moment
Authors: Pocock J. G. A. , Whatmore Richard
Published: November 2017

Originally published in 1975, this book remains a landmark of historical and political thought. The book looks at the consequences for modern historical and social consciousness arising from the ideal of the classical republic revived by Machiavelli and other thinkers of Renaissance Italy. It shows that Machiavelli’s prime emphasis was on the moment in which the republic confronts the problem of its own instability in time, which the book calls the “Machiavellian moment.” After examining this problem in the works of Machiavelli, Guicciardini, and Giannotti, the book turns to the revival of republican ideology in Puritan England and in Revolutionary and Federalist America. It argues that the American Revolution can be considered the last great act of civic humanism of the Renaissance and it relates the origins of modern historicism to the clash between civic, Christian, and commercial values in eighteenth-century thought.
Structure of the Book
Authors: Isett Philip
Published: November 2017

This chapter provides an overview of the book's structure. Section 3 deals with the error terms which need to be controlled, whereas Part III explains some notation of the book and presents a basic construction of the correction. The goal is to clarify how the scheme can be used to construct Hölder continuous weak solutions—continuous in space and time—to the incompressible Euler equations that fail to conserve energy. Part IV shows how to iterate the construction of Part III to obtain continuous solutions to the Euler equations. It then discusses the concept of frequency energy levels, along with the Main Lemma. It also highlights some additional difficulties which arise as one approaches the optimal regularity and illustrates how these difficulties can be overcome. Parts V–VII verify all the estimates needed for the proof of the Main Lemma.
Constructing the Correction
Authors: Isett Philip
Published: November 2017

This chapter explains how the correction is constructed, first by considering the transportation of the phase functions. A solution (v, p, R) to the Euler-Reynolds equations is fixed and a correction v₁ = v + V, p₁ = p + P is presented. Here v is an approximation to the “coarse scale velocity” since the solution ultimately achieved by the process will resemble v at a sufficiently coarse scale. The next step is to eliminate the Transport term. A time cutoff function is also introduced, where the time cutoff itself is differentiated in the Transport term. Finally, the chapter describes the High–High Interference term and Beltrami flows, how to construct the corrections Vsubscript I, P₀ in such a way that the Stress term can be reduced to a new stress, and the Stress equation and initial phase directions.
Bounds for Coefficients from the Stress Equation
Authors: Isett Philip
Published: November 2017

This chapter estimates the bounds for coefficients from the Stress equation. It starts by considering the coefficients γ‎subscript I and the equation that implicitly defines it. It then estimates the derivatives of γ‎subscript I by differentiating the equation. The first transport derivative always costs a factor Ξ‎eᵥ½ in the estimates, and each spatial derivative costs a factor of Ξ‎ until the total order of differentiation exceeds L, at which point one obtains a larger cost of Nsuperscript 1/LΞ‎ per derivative. The chapter also considers the bounds satisfied by the coefficients γ‎subscript I and shows that the final bound for the coefficients γ‎subscript I is exactly the same quality as the corresponding bound for ε‎.
Eventual Quantities, Immediate Extensions, and Special Cuts
Authors: Aschenbrenner Matthias , Dries Lou van den , Hoeven Joris van der
Published: November 2017

This chapter deals with eventual quantities, immediate extensions, and special cuts. It first considers the behavior of eventual quantities before discussing Newton weight, Newton degree, and Newton multiplicity as well as Newton weight of linear differential operators. It then establishes the following result: Every asymptotically maximal H-asymptotic field with rational asymptotic integration is spherically complete. The chapter proceeds by describing special (definable) cuts in H-asymptotic fields K with asymptotic integration and introducing some key elementary properties of K, namely λ‎-freeness and ω‎-freeness, which indicate that these cuts are not realized in K. It shows that has these properties. Finally, it looks at certain special existentially definable subsets of Liouville closed H-fields K, along with the behavior of the functions ω‎ and λ‎ on these sets.
Triangular Automorphisms
Authors: Aschenbrenner Matthias , Dries Lou van den , Hoeven Joris van der
Published: November 2017

This chapter focuses on triangular automorphisms, which can be analyzed by Lie techniques. Throughout the discussion K is a commutative ring containing ℚ as a subring. A formalism is introduced to analyze triangular automorphisms of such a polynomial algebra by means of their logarithms, the triangular derivations. After presenting some definitions and simple facts about filtered modules, filtered algebras, and graded algebras, the chapter considers triangular linear maps and the Lie algebra of an algebraic unitriangular group. It then describes derivations on the ring of column-finite matrices, along with iteration matrices and Riordan matrices. It also explains derivations on polynomial rings and concludes by applying triangular automorphisms to differential polynomials.
Isolasi Cendawan Endofit pada Daun Bambu Betung (Dendrocalamus asper Backer.) dan Potensi sebagai Antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Safitri Lydia Yohana
Published: November 2017

Endophytic fungi are microorganisms found in healthy plant tissue but not pathogenic to plants, and produce secondary metabolites same host plant. Secondary metabolites can be used as a drug. The possibility of endophytic fungi are found in bamboo, because bamboo betung (Dendrocalamus asper Backer.) Has high potential as a drug, because it contains flavonoids, and phenolic coumarin. These compounds are secondary metabolites that produce antimicrobial substances that are used in the pharmaceutical field and are found in plant tissue. To avoid excessive use of medicinal plants that could lead to the extinction of these plants, then used the role of endophytic fungi are capable of producing secondary metabolites to the fullest. In addition, the endophytic fungus in plant tissue can be more than one type of fungal endophyte that the higher production of secondary metabolites. This study aims to determine the types of isolates of endophytic fungi on the leaves of Dendrocalamus asper and know the antibacterial potency against bacterial endophyte fungus Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that there were thirteen isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of Dendrocalamus asper. Ten isolates of endophytic fungi have potential as an antibacterial against S. aureus and three isolates of endophytic fungi did not show any antibacterial activity. Key Word: Endophytic fungi, Secondary metabolites, antibacterial activity.
An Overview of The Eye Component (Iris, Lens and Retina) From Mackerel Female (Rastrelliger brachysoma)
Authors: Fiolita Kiki
Published: November 2017

Fish ability to exist and defend their lifeinvolve sense of sight beside sense or another receptors. One of thefactor that influence fish behavior is the sight sharpness. Which is influence by amount and cell formation of cone cells, rod cells, and eye lens diameter. In Indonesia, comprehension and study about the fish sight ability is still minimal in fact this study is very important for fishery technology development. This research aims to describeof theeye components (Iris, Lens, and Retina). This research observe the component eye mackerel female.This research is descriptive, that is reveals  research object data actually. Research which observe the component of femalemackerelseye. Theeyes component which is taken is iris, lens, and retina, and the observation use Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).The results indicate that iris structure of the fish contain a lot of melanosoms pigment. The lens have the rounds shape and transparant yellows color, the retina have cone cell and rod cell. The conecell from sided mozaik also have two cells types, singular and doubled cone cells. The is due to mackerel high intensity in using their sense of sight, ability to distinguish colors and including fish that actively hunt prey. Keywords Rastrellige brachysoma, the structure of fish eyes, photoreceptors.
Respon Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Tomat (Solanum Lycopersicum) Dengan Pemberian Bokashi Tithonia (Tithonia Diversifolia)
Authors: Sari Andina Widya
Published: November 2017

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a vegetable that belongs to the family Solanaceae. Seeing the potential in the domestic and overseas large enough, then the tomato business has a bright prospect. Tomatoes are needed by humans to meet their needs. This is due to the nutritional content of tomato fruit consisting of vitamins and minerals that are very useful for maintaining health and preventing disease, to improve the productivity of tomatoes is done by using fertilizers that Tithonia Bokashi fertilizer. This study aimed to evaluate the response of growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) by giving Bokashi Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia). This type of research is an experimental study. The study design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments given are dose bokashi Tithonia A = 0 g / polybag, B = Urea, C = 200 g / polybag, D = 400 g / polybag, E = 600 g / polybag, F = 800 g / polybag, parameters tomatoes observed is high, the amount of tomatoes and tomato weight. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and a further test DNMRT at 5% level. Based on the research results show that the tomato plant height, number of tomatoes and tomato fruit weight was significantly different from the provision of Bokashi Tithonia. Dose of 800g / polybag best in improving the response to the growth and production of tomatoes. Key word : Bokashi, Tithonia diversifolia, Solanum lycopersicum
A evasão nos cursos de Engenharia e a sua relação com a Matemática: uma análise a partir do COBENGE
Authors: Godoy Elenilton , Almeida Eustáquio
Published: November 2017

Este artigo insere-se na linha de pesquisa Elementos e Metodologia do Ensino de Matemática e tem como objetivo analisar os trabalhos sobre o ensino de Matemática que privilegiam aspectos relacionados à evasão nos cursos de Engenharia apresentados no Congresso Brasileiro de Educação em Engenharia (COBENGE), no período compreendido entre os anos de 2000 a 2014. A escolha por analisar os trabalhos a partir do ano de 2000 ocorreu, principalmente, devido ao fato de que, nesse momento, o número de matrículas dos cursos superiores aumentou mais de 150,0%. A abordagem metodológica que subsidiou o estudo foi quantitativa por meio de análise de conteúdo, contudo, a imersão nos trabalhos do COBENGE deu-se por meio de um estudo sobre o estado da arte. A investigação revelou que existe uma forte relação entre evasão e reprovação nas disciplinas do Ciclo Básico, com destaque para a disciplina Cálculo Diferencial e Integral.
Palavras-chave: Cálculo Diferencial e Integral. Evasão nos cursos de Engenharia. Ensino Superior. Educação Matemática.
Educação ambiental na prática ações de sustentabilidade na escola
Authors: Pereira Alexandre De Jesus
Published: November 2017

O presente artigo traz um recorte da minha dissertação de mestrado intitulada Educação Ambiental e Ações de Sustentabilidade na Escola, pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar as experiências no âmbito de uma horta escolar, utilizada como estratégia pedagógica e interdisciplinar para o aprendizado de questões ambientais. A referida pesquisa partiu do pressuposto de que a presença de uma horta escolar pode servir como estratégia para despertar o interesse em alunos e professores sobre questões relativas à educação ambiental, além de possibilitar o desenvolvimento de diversas atividades pedagógicas relacionadas ao assunto. A pesquisa foi realizada na Escola Municipal Vereador Américo dos Santos, localizada na Cidade de Mesquita, na Baixada Fluminense - Rio de Janeiro surgiu em 2015 com o objetivo de auxiliar a formação dos alunos e da comunidade escolar em relação à educação ambiental. O Projeto envolveu professores e alunos da primeira e da segunda etapa do Ensino Fundamental