bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gaziantep İlinde İvesi Koyun Yetiştiren İşletmelerde Hayvan Refahı ve Bazı Sürü Yönetimi Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Kaygısız Ali , Türkman Osman
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışma Gaziantep ilinde koyun yetiştiriciliği yapılan işletmelerde sürü yönetimi ve hayvan refahına yönelik uygulamaların değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 100 adet işletmeden yüz yüze anket yoluyla elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Koyun yetiştiren işletmelerin hayvan refahına ait yeterlilikleri incelendiğinde; dinlenme alanı işletmelerin %64’ünde, aydınlatma %49’unda, havalandırma %46’sında, suluk alanı %41’inde, yemlik alanı %38’inde, sağım bölmesi %8’inde, hasta hayvan bölmesi %7’sinde ve doğum bölmesi %5’inde yeterli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerde yapılan uygulamalar hayvan refahı açısından değerlendirildiğinde ise; doğuma hazırlık yapılmadığı, araç banyoluk ve ayak yıkama havuzu bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerde koyun banyoluğu (%3), aşılama yolu (%8) ve doğum bölmesi (%38) çok düşük oranda bulunmuştur. İşletmelerde göbek kordonu bakımı (%85), dış ve iç parazit mücadelesi (%75-97) yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Emiştirme döneminde yavru ölüm sebeblerinin başında ishalin (%61) geldiği, yabani hayvan saldırısı (%76) olduğu ve işletmelerde topal hayvan varlığı (%54) tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, koyun yetiştiren işletmelerde hayvan refahının tam olarak sağlanamadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu problemi çözmek için; koyun yetiştiricileri hayvan refahı konusunda eğitim verilerek, işletme sahipleri sürü yönetimi, barınma koşulları, hastalıklarla mücadele ve doğru bakım konularında bilinçlendirilmelidir. İşletmelerde ise hayvan refahını artırmak adına altyapı iyileştirmeleri yapılmalıdır. Dinlenme alanları, aydınlatma, havalandırma, suluk ve yemlik alanları daha etkili bir şekilde düzenlenmelidir. Yetiştiricilere destek sağlamak amacıyla ziraat mühendisleri, veterinerler ve hayvan sağlığı uzmanları ile işbirliği yapılmalıdır.
Assessment of Anti-Nuclear Antibodies and Anti-Extractable Nuclear Antigen Levels in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Aslan Elif , Abuaisha Asmaa , Emiroğlu Selman , Dogan Mehmet Ali
Published: May 2024

Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) are autoantibodies synthesized in response to the cell nucleus contents and use as biomarkers of systemic autoimmune diseases. Inflammation, apoptosis and necrosis of the cells are consequences that accompany breast cancer against which autoantibodies will be produced. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the presence of ANAs and anti-extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENAs) in breast cancer. A total of 33 luminal A and luminal B breast cancer patients were assessed for presence of ANAs and anti-ENAs. All the patients had received hormone therapy at least for 6 months before the tests. Patients were screened to ANAs by indirect immunofluorescence on human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cells. AESKUBLOTS® ANA-17 comp kit was used to identify the concentrations of U1-snRNP, snRNP/Sm, SmD1, dsDNA, SS-A/Ro 60, SS-A/Ro 52, SS-B/La antibodies. Fifteen (45.5%) patients were luminal A and 18 (54.5%) patients were luminal B. The median of age was 57 and the median of tumor size was 25. 19 (57.6%) patients had grade I or II and 14 (42.4%) had grade III. 3 patients had ANAs test positive. All the patients who had positive ANA test were luminal A breast cancer and had grade I or II tumors and positive lymph node, whereas, pathological tumor stage were varied. No statistically significant association was found between ANAs positivity and molecular subtype, age, body mass index (BMI), grade, tumor stage or lymph node involvement. Moreover, there were negative correlations between the anti-U1-snRNP and anti-dsDNA with Ki-67 and a correlation between anti-snRNP/Sm and anti-SS-A/Ro 52 was found. Comparing with luminal A, anti-U1-snRNP and anti-snRNP/Sm concentrations were statistically significantly lower in luminal B tumors (p= 0.015 and 0.016 respectively). Patients who had high grade tumors showed low concentrations of anti-snRNP/Sm (p=0.027), whereas patients who had lymph node metastasis showed high concentrations of anti-U1-snRNP (p=0.031). ANAs positivity was more common in luminal A breast cancer patients compared with luminal B. Anti-U1-snRNP and anti-snRNP/Sm concentrations were lower in luminal B. Moreover, patients who had high grade tumors showed low concentrations of anti-snRNP/Sm, whereas those who had lymph node metastasis showed high concentrations of anti-U1-snRNP.
Formulating edible films with red pitahaya extract and probiotic
Authors: Asan-Ozusaglam Meltem , Celik Irem
Published: May 2024

Preventing food spoilage and prolonging its shelf life are of great importance to meet the increasing food demand. Dietary fibers in red pitahaya are known to help maintain food freshness. Lactic acid bacteria have probiotic properties and can be a good alternative to additives in food production. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential use of gum-based edible films containing red pitahaya extract and probiotic as a coating material in the food industry.
Firstly, we determined the antimicrobial activity of red pitahaya peel and flesh extracts against pathogenic microorganisms and probiotic strains. Then, we employed the well diffusion method to determine the antimicrobial activity of the edible films containing red pitahaya extracts and Limosilactobacillus fermentum MA-7 used as a probiotic strain.
The largest inhibition zone diameters of peel and flesh extracts were 12.97 and 13.32 mm, respectively, against Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The inhibition of the growth of lactic acid bacteria was lower as the extract concentration decreased. The gum-based films with flesh extract and probiotic had the largest inhibition zone diameters of 21.63 and 21.52 mm, respectively, against Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC19570 and C. albicans ATCC 10231.
The edible films containing red pitahaya extract and L. fermentum MA-7 may have the potential to prevent spoilage caused by microorganisms in the food industry and to extend the shelf life of foods.
The impact of lead, cadmium, and mercury on the reproduction of mountain hares (Lepus timidus L., 1758) in the north of Krasnoyarsk Krai
Authors: Kochkarev Pavel , Perevozchikova Maria , Sergeyev Alexey , Shiryaev Valery , Dvornikov Mikhail
Published: May 2024

Reproduction is key to the survival and development of a species. Anthropogenic activities release significant amounts of toxic pollutants into the environment. In this study, we aimed to determine effects of heavy metals on some reproductive parameters of the mountain hare.
Female mountain hares (n = 41) were hunted in the reference and industrially polluted areas of Krasnoyarsk Krai during four seasons. Their skeletal muscles, liver, and kidneys were subjected to atomic absorption spectrometry to determine concentrations of lead, cadmium, and mercury.
The contents of lead, cadmium, and mercury were significantly higher in the hares from the contaminated areas compared to the reference sites. According to the results, the exposure to lead, cadmium, and mercury had an impact on the reproductive potential of the female mountain hares. In particular, we established correlations between numbers of embryos and corpora lutea and contents of lead in the kidneys and liver, as well as cadmium in the kidneys. The number of corpora lutea and embryonic losses in the female hares from the contaminated areas were higher than those in the hared from reference areas. However, the numbers of embryos did not differ significantly between the compared areas.
Our study showed that about 40% of the liver samples and 100% of the muscle tissue samples obtained from the hares in the impact zone contained high concentrations of lead and cadmium. Therefore, hunting in these industrially polluted areas may pose a toxic hazard to the indigenous peoples living there. Further research is needed to assess potential and actual fertility, offspring survival, and other important parameters of mountain hare populations exposed to different levels of chemical pollution.
Quercetin isolated from Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb. as a preventer of metabolic diseases
Authors: Vesnina Anna , Milentyeva Irina , Le Violeta , Fedorova Anastasiya , Altshuler Olga , Prosekov Alexander
Published: May 2024

Diseases associated with metabolic disorders seem to affect more and more people worldwide. Biologically active supplements may prevent or relieve metabolic disorders. Quercetin is known for its potential to inhibit metabolic syndrome. This paper introduces an in vivo experiment on rodents. It featured hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, and hepatotoxic properties of quercetin.
Quercetin was obtained from the hairy root extract of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb. Two doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) were used to evaluate its hypoglycemic potential. Rats with induced diabetes were tested for body weight, glucose, and cholesterol while mice with induced hypercholesterolemia were checked for blood cholesterol changes. Potential biochemical and pathological changes in the liver were also studied on rats.
Quercetin treatment caused neither significant health problems nor death in the model animals. It had no effect on body weight, even in the animals with induced diabetes. In addition, quercetin did not increase glucose and cholesterol in the blood and triggered no pathological changes in the liver.
Quercetin isolated from H. neglectum hairy root extract demonstrated no hepatotoxicity. Unfortunately, it showed no beneficial effect on cholesterol and glucose levels and had no efficacy against metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to assess the effect of quercetin on other metabolic markers, e.g., genes associated with the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, etc.
Oral tobacco-free nicotine products: Quality and safety during storage
Authors: Pankov Nikita , Lushnikova Anastasia , Perezhogina Tatiyana , Gnuchikh Evgeniya , Lobanov Vladimir , Vanitskaya Tamara
Published: May 2024

Oral non-tobacco nicotine products have gained enormous popularity in recent years. The countries of the Eurasian Economic Union also produce and sell this type of innovative but poorly studied goods. As a result, the safety profile and quality of such products as nicotine poaches require urgent comprehensive research. This study featured the changes in quality of nicotine poaches during storage, i.e. nicotine content, water activity, and microbiological index.
The research featured nicotine poaches of several popular brands. The authors used standard research methods; the experiments were performed in the laboratory for chemistry and quality control, Institute of Tobacco, Makhorka, and Tobacco Products, Krasnodar, and at the Department of Bioorganic Chemistry and Technical Microbiology, Kuban State Technological University, Krasnodar.
The water activity was 0.8911–0.9502 Aw at the initial stage and remained stable in most samples even after six months of storage. Velo Freeze was the only brand to show significant variations in water activity. The nicotine content was 10.115–12.950 mg/g at the initial stage. Only four samples maintained the initial values after six months of storage. The fluctuations of nicotine content were also mentioned by the manufacturer. The microbiological profile remained stable during the six months of storage and met the requirements for similar products, i.e., chewing gum and unglazed caramel.
The project needs further research because the qualitative characteristics of nicotine poaches provided rather unambiguous results. Our study will help develop state standards for oral nicotine products. The results obtained will be used to formulate proposals to the organizations responsible for the future Technical Regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union for nicotine products.
Comparative evaluation of four actual evapotranspiration models over different ecosystems and climate zones in China
Authors: Yuan Mengjia , Gan Guojing , Bu Jingyi , Su Yanxin , Ma Hongyu , Liu Xianghe , Gao Yanchun
Published: May 2024

To better understand the discrepancies in evapotranspiration (ET) simulations between ET models, we intercompared four models in China: Priestley–Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL), Penman–Montieth–Leuning Version 2 (PML-V2), Sigmoid Generalized Complementary Function (SGCF), Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC). Data from 18 flux sites were used to evaluate the model performance at daytime (when incident shortwave radiation is greater than 20 W/m2) scales. To compare more fairly, we took the intersection of the outputs from four models for the analyses in the main text. All models yielded acceptable results, with PML-V2 or SGCF performing best at most sites. The average coefficient of determination and root mean square error among all sites of LE (latent heat of ET) were 0.72 and 51.71 W/m2 for PT-JPL, 0.80 and 46.65 W/m2 for PML-V2, 0.79 and 41.13 W/m2 for SGCF, 0.70 and 51.09 W/m2 for METRIC. PT-JPL and PML-V2 underestimated ET at most sites, whereas SGCF overestimated, potentially due to uncertainties in the vegetation indices and ET constraint parameters. Compared to measurements, PT-JPL underestimated the proportion of transpiration to evapotranspiration (0.81 versus 0.59), while PML-V2 overestimated (0.81 versus 0.90). Furthermore, all models performed best in the semi-arid zone dominated by grassland sites.
Today’s Mechanisms of Financing the 4th Energy-Transition
Authors: Altukhova E. V.
Published: May 2024

Today global community focuses on stepping-up efforts aimed at cutting emissions of green-house gases to the atmosphere. It is connected with active realization of the 4th energy-transition strategy based on replacement of one power sources by others that are more efficient and ecologically clean. Current trends of sustainable development define priorities and new approaches to sources and forms of financing. Serious impact on selection of finance mechanisms is made by sectoral specific features demonstrating key lines of development. The article studies accessible efficient finance tools, which can provide a new format of interaction with regard to principles of power system functioning. As auxiliary resources fostering finance priority identification the author put forward ESG-accounting and ESG-ratings. European experience of using mechanisms of financing energy-effective projects can be interesting. The author formulated principles of the 4th energy-transition, showed key lines in the 4th energy-transition financing with regard to coordination of economic interests of process participants and highlighted the most important sources of financing. It is recommended to prioritize the development of technological competences oriented to home market.
Updating the Content of Bookkeeping Method in Conditions of Regulatory Framework Reorganization and On-Going Digitalization of Accounting in Russia
Authors: Asriev S. V.
Published: May 2024

The article tries to substantiate the extension of the list of accounting methods, which make up the method of current bookkeeping. Focus is not made on specifying content of the present and established in practice ways of accounting but on insertion in the list such elements of the method that foster realization of tasks facing the current accounting within the frames of informational support of management and outward control. At the same time these elements of the method were not taken into consideration in the regulatory framework. According to the author, extension of the list of elements of bookkeeping methods can build a frame for shaping the home regulatory framework in bookkeeping. Reorganization of Russian accounting rules (standards), which can be traced lately, demonstrates timeliness of introduction of new approaches to elaborating the system of enactments. Insertion in the list of key issues liable to regulation of matters of methodology underlines the importance of the principle of content priority over form. It can help adjust regulatory framework in accordance with procedure and technological principle. The author put forward methodology, which can be applied to any type of objective accounting.
Today’s Finance Markets in Conditions of Poly-Crisis and Crisis of Cost of Living
Authors: Frumina S. V. , Khominich I. P.
Published: May 2024

The article provides characteristics, statistics and factual material on countries connected with the current global economic crisis of the cost of living. The notion of the current poly-crisis was defined as a sum total of old and new risks in their close interaction and their adverse impact on global and national economy and finance markets. The focus was made on tightening of monetary and credit policy of national central banks in 2022–2023 in view of combating inflation, which resulted in more expensive credits, higher profitability of state treasury bonds, bankruptcy of corporations and declining standard of living of people. On the background of the global poly-crisis the author assessed macro-prudential policy of the Bank of Russia and standing of its banking system, including market of preferential mortgage with state support. Within the frames of crisis-management risks of Russian insurance and re-insurance industries were shown, as well as non-credit life insurance as a today’s driver of insurance market growth. In view of import-substitution policy an important innovation of the Moscow exchange – the informational-analytical, financial and trade terminal ‘Trade Radar’ was put forward. The author showed economic essence, trends and tools of de-dollarization policy of Russia and friendly countries, including BRICS project aiming at development of common supranational payment unit.
The Role of Artificial Intellect in Today’s Banking System
Authors: Cisse Demba
Published: May 2024

The article shows the use of artificial intellect (AI) in different spheres of banking, including client servicing, risk analysis, fraud combating, process automation and decision-making. AI use in banking fosters higher efficiency and accuracy of information processing. It makes automation of standard tasks easier and gives employees wider opportunities to work at complicated and analytical goals. AI helps banks assess quickly and correctly credit risks thereby decreasing possibility of default and enhancing general security of the banking system. The author pointed out that AI improves the quality of client servicing. Chat-bots based on AI can give fast and precise answers to client’s requests and assist in problem solving. Accurate treatment of requests gives banks an opportunity to develop personalized offers and services taking into account preferences and needs of clients. However, besides numerous benefits of using AI the author puts forward problems connected with challenges and difficulties of its introduction in the banking sector. Such issues of transparency, ethics of AI use, possible risks and threats need further study as well as the development of necessary control mechanisms.
Ética e Organização do Conhecimento
Authors: Correa Lucas Andrade Sá , Milani Suellen Oliveira , Tognoli Natália Bolfarini
Published: May 2024

This article seeks to relate the foundations of Ethics and Knowledge Organization, perceiving them as internally connected, in order to build conceptual bridges between the two fields. The objective is to propose a characterization of Ethics and Social Justice, pointing out the consequences of its denial or absence in the Knowledge Organization. For this, a qualitative investigation was carried out that places the ethical debate in Plato and in the formation of ancient Greek philosophy, as well as presenting the concept of Social Justice as parity of participation, along the lines established by Nancy Fraser. The results indicate that the practice focused on Social Justice can be considered a super value for the Organization of Knowledge, acting in the sense of strengthening its own theoretical foundation and its orientation towards the expansion of democracy.
The Role of Vitamins, Magnesium, and Trace Elements in COVID-19 Treatment and Post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation: An Updated Overview
Authors: Bjørklund Geir , Drapak Iryna , Zimenkovsky Borys , Shanaida Mariia , Kobylinska Lesya , Denefil Olha , Lysiuk Roman , Pokryshko Olena , Logoyda Liliya , Oliinyk Petro , Shanaida Volodymyr , Semenova Yuliya
Published: May 2024

This review summarizes the scientific knowledge concerning the impact of vitamins,
magnesium, and trace elements on various mechanisms contributing to the possible
treatment and prevention of COVID-19, including its delayed consequences. A
search was conducted in various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.-
gov, and Web of Science. Among the main mechanisms involved in the effects of the
studied micronutrients, immune-boosting, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
were also highlighted. The analyzed clinical trials confirmed that supplementation with
higher daily doses of some micronutrients can reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load and hospitalization
time. The potential role of most known vitamins in preventing, treating
COVID-19, and rehabilitating patients was considered. The most promising agents for
combating COVID-19 and its consequences might be the following vitamins: vitamin D,
ascorbic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and some B complex vitamins. Inorganic
elements deserving attention include magnesium and trace elements, such as zinc,
selenium, copper, and iron. Some associations were found between micronutrient deficiencies
and COVID-19 severity in children, adults, and older people. Patients can obtain
the aforementioned micronutrients from natural food sources or as supplements/-
drugs in various dosage forms. The reviewed micronutrients might be considered adjunctive
treatment strategies for COVID-19 patients.
Cuproptosis-related Gene Signatures and Immunological Characterization in Sepsis-associated Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Zhu Mingyu , Tang Xiaokai , Xu Jingjing , Gong Yuanqi
Published: May 2024

Background:

Sepsis is a frequent cause of acute lung injury (ALI), characterized by
immune dysregulation and a high mortality rate. The role of cuproptosis, a recently discovered
cell death mechanism, in sepsis-associated ALI is still unclear. The study aimed to investigate
the regulatory mechanisms and immune characteristics associated with cuproptosis in sepsisassociated
ALI, with implications for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Methods:

Data from the GEO database was utilized to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the
cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in sepsis-associated ALI. Gene enrichment analysis, WGCNA,
CIBERSORT algorithm, and consensus clustering were employed to investigate the associations
between CRGs and immune cells. A predictive model for sepsis-associated ALI was developed
based on key CRGs, and its diagnostic accuracy was assessed. Finally, qPCR was employed
to validate alterations in the expression of CRGs in the sepsis-associated ALI cellular
model.

Results:

A total of 14 CRGs were identified in sepsis-associated ALI. Strong correlations between
the CRGs and immune cells were observed, and two different CRG subtypes were identified.
The expression of immune-related factors in both the CRG and gene clusters exhibited similarities,
suggesting a connection between the subgroups and immune cells. The prediction model
effectively forecasted the incidence of sepsis-associated ALI based on the expression of
CRGs. Finally, qPCR analysis confirmed that the expressions of CRGs in the sepsis-associated
ALI cell model closely matched those identified through bioinformatic analyses.

Conclusion:

The study comprehensively evaluated the complex relationship between cuproptosis
and sepsis-associated ALI. CRGs were found to be significantly associated with the occurrence,
immune characteristics, and biological processes of sepsis-associated ALI. These findings
provide valuable new insights into the mechanisms underlying sepsis-associated ALI.

result:

In total, 14 CRGs were identified in sepsis-associated ALI with healthy controls. Strong correlations between the CRGs and immune cells were observed and two different CRG subtypes were identified. The expression of immune-related factors in the CRG and gene clusters were similar, indicating an association between the subgroups and immune cell. The prediction model was effective in predicting the incidence of sepsis-associated ALI through the expression of CRGs. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of CRGs in the sepsis-associated ALI cell model were similar to those from bioinformatic analyses.
Shuangdong Capsule Activates Insulin Signal Pathway to Improve Urinary Tract Infection in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Zhao Cong , Wang Bin , Mu Qi-xiang , Wu Jun , Cheng Zhen-han , Liu Qing , Li Hai-song , Wang Jisheng
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim:

Diabetes and Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are both common
and serious health problems. Shuangdong capsule, a Chinese patent medicine, has been
used to treat these conditions. This study assesses its efficacy and mechanism in treating diabetes
combined with UTIs.

Methods:

We induced diabetes in rats using streptozotocin and UTIs with Escherichia coli, dividing
the rats into five groups: control, model, levofloxacin, Shuangdong capsule, and
levofloxacin + Shuangdong capsule. After two weeks, we measured blood glucose, insulin, infection
indicators, and bladder histology. We also detected the expression of insulin receptor
substrate 1 (IRS1)-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-C-X-C motif
chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) signaling pathway by Western Blot and the myeloperoxidase
(MPO) levels by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Additionally, we conducted
a Mendelian randomization study using genetic variants of the insulin receptor to assess its
causal effect on UTI risk.

Results:

Shuangdong capsule improved bladder pathology and infection indicators, similar to
levofloxacin. It did not affect blood glucose or insulin levels. Moreover, it reversed the suppression
of the IRS1-PI3K-Akt-CXCL2 pathway and MPO levels caused by UTI in diabetic rats.
The Mendelian randomization study showed that increased insulin receptor expression reduced
UTI risk, which was consistent with the results of the animal experiments.

Conclusion:

The Shuangdong capsule was effective in treating diabetes with UTIs. It may function
by activating the IRS1-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, thereby increasing CXCL2 and MPO
levels, enhancing innate immunity, and promoting bacterial clearance. The Mendelian randomization
study provided further evidence supporting the causal role of the insulin receptor in UTI
prevention.

other:

No.
Lignans: Advances in Biosynthesis, Bioavailability, and Pharmacological Activity
Authors: Singh Sonia , Sharma Shiwangi
Published: May 2024

Lignans, a group of naturally occurring compounds abundant in various plant-based
foods, are becoming increasingly popular due to their potential health benefits. The literature
suggests that these bioactive substances can reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, such as
postmenopausal colon and breast cancer. Moreover, the significance of lignans for improving
cardiovascular health has been recognized, as studies have revealed a potential correlation between
the intake of lignans and a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. These complex molecules
possess diverse bioactive capabilities, rendering them potential alternatives for preventing
chronic diseases. Further research is needed to examine the mechanisms responsible for
their beneficial outcomes. Recent research has emphasized the pharmacological properties of
lignans as effective substances for human health. Incorporating foods rich in lignans into the
diet may be a practical approach to enhancing protection against life-threatening ailments, such
as cardiovascular diseases and malignancies.
From Synthesis to Solutions: Hydrogels' Impact on the Biomedical
Landscape
Authors: Mittal Ravi K. , Krishna Gaurav , Mishra Raghav , Uddin Rehan , Sharma Vikram
Published: May 2024

This review aims to examine the hydrogel structure concisely, approaches to hydrogel
synthesis, and the most recent progressions in hydrogel technology along with its multifaceted
applications within the domain of biomedicine, emphasizing its capacity to transform the delivery
of drugs, tissue engineering, and diagnostics.
This review employs an organized search of the literature to gather and evaluate state-of-the-art
examines on hydrogel uses for biomedicine, synthesizing significant developments and breakthroughs
to provide a holistic comprehension of their developing role and possible impact.
The review's findings emphasize the revolutionary potential of recent advances in hydrogel uses
within biomedicine, which includes improved drug delivery, cutting-edge tissue engineering, and
recognized diagnostics.
In summary, this scholarly article explores the intricacies of hydrogel structure, methodologies
for hydrogel synthesis, and notable breakthroughs in the biomedical utilization of hydrogels.
Given the extraordinary potential of hydrogels to transform diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies,
this article emphasizes the growing significance of hydrogels in biomedicine and the
critical need for further investigation into this subject matter. Consequently, hydrogels can pave
the way for enhanced healthcare standards.
LncRNA TUG1 and its Molecular Mechanisms in Human Cancer
Authors: Wu Shijie , Wu Kun , Yang Yuqing , Ou Zhiwen , Lei Xiaoyong , Yang Xiaoyan
Published: May 2024

As lncRNAs have increasingly been investigated, they are no longer simply
defined as RNAs with no transcription capability. Studies have identified significant
associations between the abnormal expression of lncRNAs and human diseases,
particularly the mechanisms by which lncRNAs play a part in cancers, which are of
considerable attention to researchers. As a result of the complex spatial structure, the
mechanisms of interaction of lncRNAs in cancer cells are also complicated and
diversified. Among a series of lncRNAs, TUG1, which is now considered to be a very
high-value lncRNA, has recently been identified to express abnormally in some
malignancies, leading to different alterations in cancer cells proliferation, migration,
invasion, apoptosis, and drug resistance, and hence promoting or inhibiting cancer
progression. Current studies have implicitly indicated that TUG1 can be used as a
therapeutic target for human cancers. However, the biological functions of TUG1 have
been studied for a short period of time, and the complete molecular mechanism still
needs to be clarified. Accordingly, this review focuses on the principal molecular
mechanisms of TUG1 in human cancers and the specific mechanisms of action in
different cancer development processes based on existing studies.
Factors Impacting ART Adherence among HIV-Positive Older Adolescents and Younger Adults in Namibia: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Kamangu Jacques Wa Nsenda , Mboweni Sheillah Hlamalani
Published: May 2024

Background

Namibia, like many sub-Saharan African countries, faces the challenges of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) affecting diverse age groups. However, the demographic group of older adolescents and younger adults, specifically those aged 15-24, faces distinct challenges in terms of psychological, sociocultural, and healthcare-related factors that impact their adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment (ART). It is important to conduct further research to investigate these specific challenges and address them effectively.

Aim

This paper aimed to investigate factors impacting adherence to ART medication among Older Adolescents (OA) and Younger Adults Living with HIV (YALHIV) in the seven high-burden regions in Namibia.

Objective

The objective of this study was to explore and describe the factors that influence adherence to ART medication among older adolescents and younger adults living with HIV to provide valuable insights to inform the development of evidence-based HIV programs that can effectively address the adherence challenges in this particular population.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive phenomenology research design was followed, utilising an in-depth interview to capture the experiences of older adolescents and younger adults living with HIV. Participants were recruited from healthcare facilities across Namibia, ensuring a diverse sample in terms of gender, socio-economic status, and urban-rural representation. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select 29 participants who were willing to take part in the study and data saturation was achieved with this sample size. The interviews were telephonically recorded with the permission of the participants. The researcher used Colaizzi's six steps for phenomenological study to analyze the data.

Results

The study reveals four main themes that contribute to adherence issues in OALHIV and YALHIV and include patients-related factors, family-related factors, facility and healthcare providers-related factors, and community and socio-cultural characteristics-related factors.

Conclusion

The study sheds light on factors affecting adherence to ART among OALHIV and YALHIV. It emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive interventions addressing personal, sociocultural, economic, and healthcare challenges for their well-being. Future research and policies should focus on tailored interventions based on these diverse findings.
Recent Advances and Clinical Approach to Cancer Treatment with Nanotechnology
Derived Biomolecule
Authors: Singh Atul Pratap , Akhtar Wasim , Alam Saif , Naziya
Published: May 2024

Cancer nanomedicine has the potential to take advantage of the multifunctionality and diverse
biological activity of nanostructures based on biomolecules. Novel drug delivery vehicles can
be designed by programming the supramolecular features of biomolecules to achieve multiple therapeutic
goals at once, including efficient in vivo transport and targeted drug administration. Proteins,
peptides, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides can all be engineered into multipurpose nanomedicines.
Even while numerous cancer medications reduce mortality, they are still insufficient. Early cancer
cell detection and high-specificity therapeutic administration optimise treatment and prevent toxicity.
Nanotechnology is improving cancer diagnosis and treatment due to increased systemic toxicity
and refractoriness with current methods. Nanotechnology-based immunotherapeutic drugs have reduced
cancer cell invasiveness while protecting healthy cells in several cancer types. Carbon nanotubes,
polymeric micelles, and liposomes improve cancer medication pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Nanomedicines' use in patient care and promising nanotechnology-based cancer interventions
have been covered in this article. Nanomaterials used in treating cancer have been discussed.
Additionally, nanomaterial obstacles that hinder their applicability and clinical translation in
certain cancer types are addressed.
Patent Analysis of Soft Pneumatic Actuators: A Systematic Literature
Review
Authors: Mastrisiswadi Hasan , Sari Wangi Pandan , Tontowi Alva Edy , Herianto
Published: May 2024

Background::

The soft pneumatic actuator is a technology in the robotics field driven by
pneumatic power. Further, the problems in complicated fabrication processes can now be overcome
with new technologies, such as additive manufacturing. Thus, the number of patent documents will
also continue to increase. For this reason, a patent analysis is needed to help researchers map the direction
of the research to be carried out.

Objective::

By analyzing existing patents, unnecessary investment in technology can be avoided as
early as possible. Thus, this article aimed to find updates and gaps in existing patents.

Method::

The patent analysis in this study used the systematic literature review method, which started
with identifying, screening, and determining the patents being reviewed.

Result::

In the early stages, 114 patents were obtained, and after screening, 18 patents related to the
soft pneumatic actuator were obtained, divided into six families. Patents related to the existing soft
pneumatic actuator are more directed to robotics and wearable devices. Hence, the current patent
gap is still very wide open regarding fabrication, geometric shapes, and its application in other
fields.

Conclusión::

Research gaps were obtained related to fabrication technology, geometric shapes, and
applications in fields other than robotics and wearable devices that are still very wide open for development
and patent registration to advanced technology.
A Calculation Method for Static Hysteresis Loop and its Applications
Authors: Fu Yu , Miao Yu , Li Xinhao , Zhao Xiaojun , Qian Ziyi , Wang Haoming
Published: May 2024

Background:

Due to experimental equipment limitations, it is usually difficult to
measure the quasi-static hysteresis loop at extremely low frequencies, which inevitably introduces
errors in the static hysteresis model.

Objective:

This study aims to propose a method for calculating the static hysteresis loops of grainoriented silicon steel sheets so as to improve the accuracy of the static and dynamic hysteresis
model.

Methods:

The parameters n0 and V0 in the magnetic field strength expression of the excess loss are
determined by the measured losses within the range of 0-100Hz. Subsequently, the dynamic components in the quasi-static hysteresis loops are eliminated. Furthermore, a dynamic hysteresis
model is established based on the loss and field separation theory, which incorporates the inverse
Preisach model.

Results:

The dynamic hysteresis loops of the grain-oriented silicon steel sheets are measured in
the range of 8-250Hz and compared with the results of both the improved model and the original
model.

Conclusion:

Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the improved
model. The proposed method for calculating static hysteresis loops has universal applicability and
is meaningful for accurate simulation and prediction of magnetic properties in soft magnetic materials.
A New Algorithm for Solving Fully Fuzzy Linear Programming Problems using the Lexicographic Method
Authors: Nishad Anil Kumar , Agarwal Gunjan , Singh S. R. , Singh Gajraj
Published: May 2024

In the current situation, ranking a general fuzzy number is a difficult task, and various
ranking methods have been developed, but no perfect ranking method exists. To solve fully
fuzzy linear programming problems, many ranking functions have been developed and
implemented in the literature. However, all of these methods have some limitations. In this
chapter, we propose a new method for comparing two triangular fuzzy numbers in a generalised
form. The Ezzati method [1] has been expanded upon using the suggested approach to handle
fully fuzzy linear programming issues (FFLPP). The implementation of the developed
algorithm has been illustrated through numerical illustrations. The proposed algorithm has been
applied to a transportation problem in light of extensive testing, and it has been discovered that
it is effective and generally offers a better solution.
Fixed Charged Nonlinear Solid Transportation Problem with Budget Constraints Using Bounded Parameters
Authors: Bhurjee A. K. , Kumar P.
Published: May 2024

This chapter considers a fixed charged solid transportation problem where all
parameters of the problem have uncertainty due to ambiguity in the data set. These uncertain
parameters (destination budget, accessibility, necessity, conveyance capacity, and
transportation cost) are considered bounded. The problem’s solution is obtained by applying a
transformation of the interval-based model into a conventional nonlinear programming
problem. The transformed model is solved using any nonlinear programming technique. The
solution obtained by the deterministic model is an acceptable solution to the main model. An
examples with hypothetical data are explained to validate the developed model and
methodology.
Monofunctional urban settlements in Bulgaria - theoretical and practical aspects
Authors: Penerliev Milen
Published: May 2024

The paper deals with the functional and spatial structure of the monofunctional urban settlements in Bulgaria. Some examples have been given, using parameters such as population number, depopulation rate, unemployment rate, etc. Special attention has been paid to urban settlements with no leading function. An attempt has been made to clarify the situation that has led to the existence of such towns in Bulgaria. Through the analysis of literary sources, a universally valid definition of monofunctional urban settlements has been proposed and applied. The elaboration of that definition was based mainly on the experience of Russian researchers, considering the fact that such type of urban settlements prevail in that country, and as such, are subjected to systematic analysis and research. As a result of the analyses, the introduction of a separate group of monofunctional urban settlements with no leading function has been proposed, which would enhance the identification of problems, as well as the elaboration of more accurate projections. Some basic guidelines for future studying of monofunctional urban settlements have been given, considering that so far the issue has been somewhat disregarded.
Nas bibliotecas não há bandeiras: os 17 ODS e o papel das bibliotecas na formação de cidadãos do mundo
Authors: Santos Isabel
Published: May 2024

This article aims to highlight the role of public libraries not only in terms of promoting books and reading, but also in training individuals as agents of citizenship, highlighting the importance of public libraries in their four fundamental pillars: education, culture, recreation and information. Exploring this dimension of public libraries, which can and should go far beyond books and reading, a good example is presented in the work carried out by Biblioteca Municipal António Mota, in Baião, which intends to correspond, in the most as comprehensive as possible to the 17 goals for sustainable development established by the UN. Through the execution of an activity plan specially designed for the 17 SDG, very diverse themes are explored, ranging from gender equality, to the promotion of peace and justice, inclusion, poverty eradication, good food practices, animal protection, to the environment and planetary sustainability, always bearing in mind a diversified cultural offer that trains not only readers, but also aware and informed citizens. Through the description of each of the activities carried out or to be carried out, this article aims to demonstrate how public libraries, autonomously or in partnership with other organizations and local entities, will be able to respond to the 17 SDG, simultaneously seeking to demystify the idea that libraries are just a mediating service between the book and the reader, when they can and should be, in fact, a dynamic hub of the community, not only with regard to the practice of reading, but also as an agent of inclusion, integration and interculturality, corresponding to the needs of different types of public, taking into account the economic, cultural and social context in which they operate, preserving the past, but, at the same time, sowing the future not only of Portugal or Europe, but of the world. That's why libraries shouldn't have flags, because the relevance of their practices goes beyond national patriotism and European citizenship: libraries must, above all, train citizens of the world, ensuring that the humanity that our race is or should be underlying. To write this article, documentation was researched on the IFLA – International Federation of Library Associations website that was directly related to the topic addressed here, the website of the municipality of Baião was explored with regard to its distinction as a Sustainable Touristic Destination and a search was carried out on Google Scholar using the terms “Agenda 2030” and “Libraries and the 17 SDGs”, in order to relate the work developed locally by the António Mota Municipal Library with the global objectives stipulated by the international organizations mentioned in this work.
The environment in Brazilian Mineral Legislation since 2017
Authors: Farina Cefas Dutra , Carramillo Lucio , Silva Francisco José da , Mothé Filho Heitor Fernandes
Published: May 2024

The methodological model used in this work was to carry out bibliographical research on the Brazilian mineral legislation in the Federal sphere, listing Laws, Decrees, regulations, ordinances and in force from 2017, until 2022. This survey aims to demonstrate how, and in what way, mineral legislation in Brazil protects the environment, therefore disregarding legal apparatus originating from environmental agencies. In 2018, Decree No. 9,406 was published, known as the New Regulation of the Mining Code, which updated the old text in force since 1968. One of the main advances aimed at environmental protection of this Regulation is the establishment that recovering the environment is an obligation generated as a result of the exercise of the mining activity, in addition to requiring the introduction of an environmental recovery project in the Mine Closure Plan. The Brazilian Mining Code, published in 1967, underwent significant changes in the environmental area, only in 2020 when Law 14,066 came into force, which brought important revisions to the original text, such as the establishment of fines that can reach amounts of one billion reais (BRL 1,000,000,000.00), equivalent to approximately one hundred and eighty million euros (EUR 180,000,000.00) in January 2023, depending on the severity. There were also major advances in issues related to tailings dams, and impacts on the population and the environment, such as leaks or ruptures of dams. In 2020, the concept of environmental disaster was created, establishing punishments for both individuals and legal entities, without distinction of intent or guilt (whether or not there was intention on the part of the person responsible to carry out the illegal action). Resolution No. 68 edited by ANM in 2021 significantly deepened the criteria that must be taken into account at the time of environmental recovery. Morphological, geomechanical, chemical, and thermodynamic criteria of the entire area impacted by mining activities must be evaluated and retrieved. Concerning dams, these must be decharacterized whenever possible, and when technically impossible, continuous monitoring must be maintained even after the complete conclusion of the mine closure works. Decree No. 10,965/2022 brings a review of the calculation of fines, which now take into account factors such as antecedents, level of seriousness, and the financial capacity of the violator, keeping the holder of the mining concession as responsible for the area until that the final report of the mine closure plan is approved by both the ANM and the environmental agencies. From this work, the concern of Brazilian mining management bodies with environmental care and protection is evident, revealing the advances achieved over the years in creating a legal framework that allows essential mining activities to be carried out in balance and harmony with the environment.