bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting Antitumor Drug Efficacy with Chemically Engineered Multidomain Proteins
Authors: Kuan Seah Ling , Fischer Stephan , Hafner Susanne , Wang Tao , Syrovets Tatiana , Liu Weina , Tokura Yu , Ng David Yuen Wah , Riegger Andreas , Förtsch Christina , Jäger Daniela , Barth Thomas F. E. , Simmet Thomas , Barth Holger , Weil Tanja
Published: June 2018

A facile chemical approach integrating supramolecular chemistry, site‐selective protein chemistry, and molecular biology is described to engineer synthetic multidomain protein therapeutics that sensitize cancer cells selectively to significantly enhance antitumor efficacy of existing chemotherapeutics. The desired bioactive entities are assembled via supramolecular interactions at the nanoscale into structurally ordered multiprotein complexes comprising a) multiple copies of the chemically modified cyclic peptide hormone somatostatin for selective targeting and internalization into human A549 lung cancer cells expressing SST‐2 receptors and b) a new cysteine mutant of the C3bot1 (C3) enzyme from Clostridium botulinum, a Rho protein inhibitor that affects and influences intracellular Rho‐mediated processes like endothelial cell migration and blood vessel formation. The multidomain protein complex, SST3‐Avi‐C3, retargets C3 enzyme into non‐small cell lung A549 cancer cells and exhibits exceptional tumor inhibition at a concentration ≈100‐fold lower than the clinically approved antibody bevacizumab (Avastin) in vivo. Notably, SST3‐Avi‐C3 increases tumor sensitivity to a conventional chemotherapeutic (doxorubicin) in vivo. These findings show that the integrated approach holds vast promise to expand the current repertoire of multidomain protein complexes and can pave the way to important new developments in the area of targeted and combination cancer therapy.
Versatile Core–Sheath Yarn for Sustainable Biomechanical Energy Harvesting and Real‐Time Human‐Interactive Sensing
Authors: Dong Kai , Deng Jianan , Ding Wenbo , Wang Aurelia C. , Wang Peihong , Cheng Chaoyu , Wang Yi‐Cheng , Jin Limin , Gu Bohong , Sun Baozhong , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: June 2018

The emergence of stretchable textile‐based mechanical energy harvester and self‐powered active sensor brings a new life for wearable functional electronics. However, single energy conversion mode and weak sensing capabilities have largely hindered their development. Here, in virtue of silver‐coated nylon yarn and silicone rubber elastomer, a highly stretchable yarn‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with coaxial core–sheath and built‐in spring‐like spiral winding structures is designed for biomechanical energy harvesting and real‐time human‐interactive sensing. Based on the two advanced structural designs, the yarn‐based TENG can effectively harvest or respond rapidly to omnifarious external mechanical stimuli, such as compressing, stretching, bending, and twisting. With these excellent performances, the yarn‐based TENG can be used in a self‐counting skipping rope, a self‐powered gesture‐recognizing glove, and a real‐time golf scoring system. Furthermore, the yarn‐based TENG can also be woven into a large‐area energy‐harvesting fabric, which is capable of lighting up light emitting diodes (LEDs), charging a commercial capacitor, powering a smart watch, and integrating the four operational modes of TENGs together. This work provides a new direction for textile‐based multimode mechanical energy harvesters and highly sensitive self‐powered motion sensors with potential applications in sustainable power supplies, self‐powered wearable electronics, personalized motion/health monitoring, and real‐time human‐machine interactions.
Generalization and fine mapping of red blood cell trait genetic associations to multi‐ethnic populations: The PAGE study
Authors: Hodonsky Chani J. , Schurmann Claudia , Schick Ursula M. , Kocarnik Jonathan , Tao Ran , van Rooij Frank J. A. , Wassel Christina , Buyske Steve , Fornage Myriam , Hindorff Lucia A. , Floyd James S. , Ganesh Santhi K. , Lin Dan‐Yu , North Kari E. , Reiner Alex P. , Loos Ruth J. F. , Kooperberg Charles , Avery Christy L.
Published: June 2018

Red blood cell (RBC) traits provide insight into a wide range of physiological states and exhibit moderate to high heritability, making them excellent candidates for genetic studies to inform underlying biologic mechanisms. Previous RBC trait genome‐wide association studies were performed primarily in European‐ or Asian‐ancestry populations, missing opportunities to inform understanding of RBC genetic architecture in diverse populations and reduce intervals surrounding putative functional SNPs through fine‐mapping. Here, we report the first fine‐mapping of 6 correlated (Pearson's r range: |0.04‐0.92|) RBC traits in up to 19 036 African Americans and 19 562 Hispanic/Latino participants of the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology consortium. Trans‐ethnic meta‐analysis of race/ethnic‐ and study‐specific estimates for approximately 11 000 SNPs flanking 13 previously identified association signals as well as 150 000 additional array‐wide SNPs was performed using inverse‐variance meta‐analysis after adjusting for study and clinical covariates. Approximately half of previously reported index SNP‐RBC trait associations generalized to the trans‐ethnic study population (p < 1.7 × 10−4); previously unreported independent association signals within the ABO region reinforce the potential for multiple functional variants affecting the same locus. Trans‐ethnic fine‐mapping did not reveal additional signals at the HFE locus independent of the known functional variants. Finally, we identified a potential novel association in the Hispanic/Latino study population at the HECTD4/RPL6 locus for RBC count (p = 1.9 × 10−7). The identification of a previously unknown association, generalization of a large proportion of known association signals, and refinement of known association signals all exemplify the benefits of genetic studies in diverse populations.
Twisted N‐Doped Nano‐Graphenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Resolution
Authors: Hahn Uwe , Maisonhaute Emmanuel , Nierengarten Jean‐François
Published: June 2018

Two diastereoisomeric N‐doped nanographene derivatives have been efficiently prepared in two synthetic steps starting from an ethynylated hexaazatriphenylene building block. The first derivative adopts a D3‐symmetrical propeller‐shaped structure with three equivalent nanographene foils. The structure of the second diastereoisomer is C2‐symmetrical and differs from the first one by the way two peripheral nanographene foils overlap. Owing to their intertwined structures, the two N‐doped nanographenes are soluble in organic solvents and could be characterized by a combination of several analytical tools. Resolution of the D3‐symmetrical derivative has been achieved and CD measurements revealed extremely strong Cotton effects.
Enhanced mechanical flexibility and performance of sodium alginate polymer electrolyte bio‐membrane for application in direct methanol fuel cell
Authors: Shaari N. , Kamarudin S. K. , Basri S. , Shyuan L. K. , Masdar M. S. , Nordin D.
Published: June 2018

A new membrane was synthesized containing pure alginate, crosslinking agent (CaCl2), and plasticizer (glycerol). Characterization studies of the membrane were applied to determine the characteristics and morphology using field emission scanning electron microscope, EDX, FTIR, XRD, and atomic force microscopy analysis. The half‐cell performance test of the membrane was verified by several tests, including proton conductivity and methanol permeability. The best membrane had high proton conductivity (10.1 × 10−3 S cm−1) and very low methanol permeability (1.984 × 10−7 cm2 s−1), which consequently resulted in very high selectivity (5.0907 × 104 Ss cm−3). Glycerol had a positive modification and good influence on the alginate characteristics. Furthermore, the poor mechanical properties of the alginate biopolymer were enhanced by calcium chloride and glycerol inside the polymer. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46666.
Removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto wheat straw cellulose‐based polymeric composites
Authors: Kong Wenjia , Li Qian , Li Xiaodi , Su Yuan , Yue Qinyan , Zhou Weizhi , Gao Baoyu
Published: June 2018

The wheat straw cellulose‐based hydrogels were synthesized by graft copolymerization followed by semi‐interpenetrating network technology. The prepared hydrogels were characterized through various methods including Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption performances of hydrogels toward Cu(II) ions. The results suggested that the introduction of semi‐interpenetrating network polymers, sodium alginate and poly(vinyl alcohol), could greatly enhance the adsorption property of hydrogels. And the wheat straw cellulose‐g‐poly(potassium acrylate)/sodium alginate hydrogel showed a highest Cu(II) ions adsorption capacity of 130 mg/g. The equilibrium isotherm and adsorption kinetics were also studied. Besides, the mass transfer coefficients and the thermodynamics of Cu(II) ions adsorption were also probed. Finally, the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis further demonstrated that the Cu(II) ions adsorption was mainly via complexation reaction of NH2 and O‐containing groups in hydrogels. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46680.
Reduced graphene oxide–poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite as a supercapacitor
Authors: Zabihi Zabiholah , Rodriguez Paul Eduardo David Soto , Boujakhrout Abderrahmane , Viera Juan Carlos , del Valle Jorge Alonso , Araghi Houshang , Villalonga Reynaldo
Published: June 2018

An exhaustive study on a nanocomposite–poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix material as a supercapacitor is presented. The study includes morphological, structural, and electrochemical characterization. Different electrolytes were used, for which both pseudocapacitance (for reduced graphene oxide) and electric double‐layer capacitance (for functionalized graphene) were observed. An optimum nanocomposite weight percentage was found (2%), and the best performance with highest capacitance (30.4 F/g) was seen for the electrolyte including the smallest anions (OH−), being among the best values for similar systems, that is, a nanocomposite/nonconductive polymer matrix. In addition, a model is presented that explains the underlying electron transport mechanism. The results are promising for the construction of supercapacitors based on novel nanocomposite–poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46685
Effect of ferric citrate on amyloid‐beta peptides behavior
Authors: Galante D. , Cavallo E. , Perico A. , D'Arrigo C.
Published: June 2018

Amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation and oxidative stress are two of the central events in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Both these phenomena can be caused by the interaction of Aβ with metal ions. In the last years the interaction between ZnII, CuII, and Aβ was much studied, but between iron and Aβ it is still little known. In this work we determine how three Aβ peptides, present in AD, interact with FeIII‐citrate. The three Aβ peptides are: full length Aβ1‐42, an isoform truncated at Glutamic acid in position three, Aβ3‐42, and its pyroglutamated form AβpE3‐42. Conformation and morphology of the three peptides, aggregated with and without FeIII‐citrate were studied. Besides, we have determined the strength of the interactions Aβ/FeIII‐citrate studying the effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as chelator. Results reported here demonstrate that FeIII‐citrate promotes the aggregation in all the three peptides. Moreover, Aspartic acid 1, Glutamic acid 3, and Tyrosine 10 have an important role in the coordination with iron, generating a more stable complex for Aβ1‐42 compared to that for the truncated peptides.
Plasma cell‐free DNA quantification is highly correlated to tumor burden in children with neuroblastoma
Authors: Wang Xisi , Wang Lijun , Su Yan , Yue Zhixia , Xing Tianyu , Zhao Wen , Zhao Qian , Duan Chao , Huang Cheng , Zhang Dawei , Jin Mei , Cheng Xianfeng , Chen Shenglan , Liu Yi , Ma Xiaoli
Published: June 2018

To evaluate plasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) as a promising biomarker for neuroblastoma (NB) tumor burden. Seventy‐nine eligible patients with newly diagnosed NB were recruited from Beijing Children's Hospital between April 2016 and April 2017. Additionally, from September 2011 to June 2017, 79 patients with stable NB were evaluated with a median follow‐up time of 21 months. Approximately 2 mL of peripheral blood was drawn upon enrollment, and plasma cfDNA levels were measured via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Total cfDNA analysis was performed using the long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE‐1) 79 bp fragment, and DNA integrity was calculated by the ratio of the LINE‐1 300 bp fragment to the LINE‐1 79 bp fragment. A total of 79 NB patients with a median age of 36 months comprised the group of newly diagnosed NB patients. The main primary tumor site was the retroperitoneal and adrenal region (81%). Three or more metastatic sites were found in 17.7% of patients. Stable NB patients older than 18 months comprised 98.7% of the stable NB patients. Neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cfDNA levels were dramatically increased in the newly diagnosed NB patients and significantly different from those in the stable NB patients. Moreover, the concentration of cfDNA was much higher in patients with larger tumors. By analyzing the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), the areas of total cfDNA, NSE, and LDH levels were 0.953, 0.929, and 0.906, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity data clarified that the level of circulating cfDNA in plasma can be considered as a reliable biomarker for describing tumor load in NB. The plasma cfDNA concentration was as good as the levels of LDH and NSE to discriminate the tumor burden in children with NB.
Feasibility of using negative ultrasonography results of axillary lymph nodes to predict sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients
Authors: Chen Xue , He Yingjian , Wang Jiwei , Huo Ling , Fan Zhaoqing , Li Jinfeng , Xie Yuntao , Wang Tianfeng , Ouyang Tao
Published: June 2018

Knowledge of the pathology of axillary lymph nodes (ALN) in breast cancer patients is critical for determining their treatment. Ultrasound is the best noninvasive evaluation for the ALN status. However, the correlation between negative ultrasound results and the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) pathology remains unknown. To test the hypothesis that negative ultrasound results of ALN predict the negative pathology results of SLN in breast cancer patients, we assessed the association between ALN ultrasonography‐negative results and the SLN pathology in 3115 patients with breast cancer recruited between October 2010 and April 2016 from a single cancer center, prospective database. Of these patients who met the inclusion criteria, 2317 (74.4%) had no SLN pathological metastasis. In the univariate analysis, other 798 patient with positive SLN tended to be under age 40 and premenopausal, having large tumor sizes (>2 cm), higher histological grade of primary tumor, positive hormone receptors, and negative HER‐2 status (P < .05 for all). In the multivariate analysis, menstrual status, tumor size, ER status and histological types of primary tumor remained to be independent predictors for SLN pathological metastasis. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.658 (95% CI = 0.637‐0.679), P > .05. In conclusion, only a 74.4% consistency between ALN ultrasonography‐negative results and negative pathological SLN results, although menstrual status, tumor size, histologic subtypes of primary tumor and ER status were found to be statistically independent predictors of positive SLN among patients negative for ALN ultrasonography. Therefore, the present study suggests that negative ultrasound results of ALN do not adequately predict the negative pathology results of SLN in breast cancer patients.
Adjuvant radiotherapy after curative surgery for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and treatment effect of timing and duration on outcome—A Taiwan Cancer Registry national database analysis
Authors: Cheng Yung‐Jen , Tsai Mu‐Hung , Chiang Chun‐Ju , Tsai Sen‐Tien , Liu Tsang‐Wu , Lou Pei‐Jen , Liao Chun‐Ta , Lin Jin‐Ching , Chang Joseph Tung‐Chieh , Tsai Ming‐Hsui , Chu Pen‐Yuan , Leu Yi‐Shing , Tsai Kuo‐Yang , Terng Shyuang‐Der , Chien Chih‐Yen , Yang Muh‐Hwa , Hao Sheng‐Po , Wang Chuan‐Cheng , Tsai Ming‐Hsun , Chen Helen H. W. , Kuo Chin , Wu Yuan‐Hua
Published: June 2018

Conduct an accurate risk assessment of resected oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients by accessing a nationwide systemic investigation is pivotal to improve treatment outcomes. In this article, we tried to determine the impact of different prognostic factors for OSCC patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after curative surgery, using Taiwan's national cancer registry database (TCR). A nationwide, large population‐based study was conducted using TCR with patients identified from 2007 to 2015. The study variables included age, gender, cancer subsites, stage, histology grade, margin and extra‐nodal extension (ENE) status, treatment type, surgery to RT interval (ORI), total RT treatment time (RTT), and RT dose. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify predictors of the variables associated with overall survival (OS), cause‐specific survival (CSS), local‐regional relapse‐free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS). 8986 OSCC patients treated with surgery and adjuvant RT were analyzed. In multivariate analysis, worse outcomes were associated with males, older age, subsite in the oral tongue, advanced stage, higher histologic grade, involved margin, and positive ENE. ORI only showed an adverse trend in LRFS, when exceeding 7 weeks (P = .06). RTT >8 weeks was a significant poor predictor in OS, CSS and LRFS (P < .001). Extreme RT dose (>70 Gy or ≤50 Gy) also demonstrated an adverse impact on the outcomes. Prolonged RT treatment time and extreme RT doses were identified as significantly poor prognostic predictors in OSCC patients who received adjuvant RT after curative surgery.
Down‐regulation of exosomal miR‐106b‐5p derived from cholesteatoma perimatrix fibroblasts promotes angiogenesis in endothelial cells by overexpression of Angiopoietin 2
Authors: Li Yang , Liang JianMin , Hu Juan , Ren Xiaoyong , Sheng Ying
Published: June 2018

Human cholesteatoma perimatrix fibroblasts (hCPFs) can stimulate the endothelial cells of nearby microvessels to proliferate and migrate in a paracrine manner. Exosomes, secreted from various cell types, are one of the most important paracrine factors and play critical roles in intercellular communication. However, whether exosomes derived from human cholesteatoma perimatrix fibroblasts (hCPFs‐Exo) can promote angiogenesis has not been reported. In this study, we isolated exosomes secreted by hCPFs and observed that hCPFs‐Exo was able to promote migration and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Advanced studies revealed hCPFs‐Exo with low expression of miR‐106b‐5p was transferred into HUVECs, and decreased expression of miR‐106b‐5p could promote angiogenesis by targeting Angiopoietin 2 (Angpt2) via binding to its 3′‐UTR. Furthermore, low levels of miR‐106b‐5p triggered overexpression of Angpt2, and significantly increased HUVEC migration and tube formation. Taken together, our results suggest that hCPFs‐Exo transports low expressed exosomal miR‐106b‐5p to endothelial cells and promotes angiogenesis by overexpression of Angpt2.
Gynecomastia after euthyroidism restoration in a patient with type 1 diabetes and Graves’ disease
Authors: Calcaterra Valeria , Clerici Edoardo , Ceolin Valeria , Regalbuto Corrado , Larizza Daniela
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical Message

In patients with autoimmune disease, gynecomastia should not be considered as 1 of the first signs of hyperthyroidism, rather it is a breast pathology that can be present even when euthyroidism restoration is achieved. It is unknown whether the autoimmune nature of thyroid disorders or simply the hyperthyroidism effects breast changes.
Size‐Dependent Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance of Cu2O Nanocubes
Authors: Karthikeyan Sekar , Kumar Santosh , Durndell Lee J. , Isaacs Mark A. , Parlett Christopher M. A. , Coulson Ben , Douthwaite Richard E. , Jiang Zhi , Wilson Karen , Lee Adam F.
Published: June 2018

Well‐defined Cu2O nanocubes with tunable dimensions and physicochemical properties have been prepared using a simple one‐pot reaction. Reduction of Cu(II) salts by ascorbic acid in the presence of PEG as a structure‐directing agent affords crystalline Cu2O nanocubes of between 50 to 500 nm. Optical band gap, band energies, charge‐carrier lifetimes and surface oxidation state systematically evolve with nanocube size, and correlate well with visible light photocatalytic activity for aqueous phase phenol degradation and H2 production which are both directly proportional to size (doubling between 50 and 500 nm). HPLC reveals fumaric acid as the primary organic product of phenol degradation, and selectivity increases with nanocube size at the expense of toxic catechol. Apparent quantum efficiencies reach 26 % for phenol photodegradation and 1.2 % for H2 production using 500 nm Cu2O cubes.
Bifunctional Mg−Cu‐Loaded β‐Zeolite: High Selectivity for the Conversion of Furfural into Monoaromatic Compounds
Authors: Karnjanakom Surachai , Yoshida Akihiro , Bayu Asep , Kurnia Irwan , Hao Xiaogang , Maneechakr Panya , Abudula Abuliti , Guan Guoqing
Published: June 2018

Mg−Cu‐loaded β‐zeolite was prepared as an acid−base bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of furfural to monoaromatic compounds. It is found that this catalyst exhibited high selectivity towards benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTXs) production with anti‐polycyclic‐aromatic‐hydrocarbon formation as well as anti‐coking ability when compared with Cu‐loaded β‐zeolite and the parent β‐zeolite. The product distribution indicated that addition of Cu species significantly promoted the deoxygenation and aromatization of an intermediate product of furan while Mg apparently suppressed the polyaromatization. Especially, an optimum loading amount of 0.5 wt%Mg‐1 wt%Cu on β‐zeolite was obtained, which showed lower catalytic deoxygenation temperature and interestingly, only benzene was detected in the liquid product at a reaction temperature over 700 °C. Also, 0.5 wt%Mg‐1 wt%Cu/β‐zeolite exhibited long‐term stability for 10 cycles with 100 % of furfural conversion to monoaromatic compounds. The physicochemical properties of β‐zeolite after Cu and Mg loadings were characterized using N2 sorption, XRD, SEM‐EDX, TEM, H2‐TPR, UV‐Vis, XPS, NH3‐TPD and CO2‐TPD techniques. The significant changing of acidity and basicity of β‐zeolite were found after Cu and Mg loadings, which should be the main factors for the improvement of activity, selectivity and stability of the developed catalyst.
Catalytic Process Optimization of Birnessite‐based Fenton‐like Reaction with Surface Cu2+ Modification
Authors: Zang Chengjie , Hu Shiyu , Jin Shihu , Chen Feng
Published: June 2018

Layer‐structured birnessite (δ‐MnO2) has been applied recently in the heterogeneous Fenton‐like process. However, easy deactivation and low utilization efficiency of H2O2 limit its practical application. The catalytic processes of H2O2 on birnessite were successfully regulated via surface chemical modification as Cu2+ ions were intercalated into the birnessite by the ion‐exchange method (CuBir). The triple‐corner‐sharing inner‐sphere surface complexes of Cu2+ ions (TCS species) formed above Mn vacancies could effectively weaken the over‐complexation of H2O2 on the surface of [MnO6] sheets, and then decrease the self‐consumption of surface‐formed superoxide radicals. The surface TCS species have excellent Fenton‐like performances and enhance the conversion efficiency of H2O2 into reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the surface Cu2+‐modification engineering could prevent deactivation owing to degradation intermediate residues and improve the recyclability of catalyst.
Copper‐Basic Sites Synergic Effect on the Ethanol Dehydrogenation and Condensation Reactions
Authors: Quesada Jorge , Faba Laura , Díaz Eva , Ordóñez Salvador
Published: June 2018

Bioethanol upgrading through condensation is of key interest in the development of sustainable processes, shifting from fossil to renewable carbon. Here, a new strategy is proposed, which combines in one catalyst an appropriate distribution of acid/basic sites of a mixed oxide with the presence of an active dehydrogenation phase (Cu nanoparticles). Experiments, performed in a fixed bed reactor, reveal a very positive effect of Cu in the performance of Mg−Al catalyst, with 1‐butanol productivity 12 times higher at 523 K under inert conditions. The improvement is even more notable in presence of H2, almost 30 times higher, under same conditions. The presence of Cu on the surface increases the formation of acetaldehyde, limiting the extent of dehydration side‐reactions. In addition, hydrogen enhances the C4 hydrogenation, preventing oligomerizations and inhibiting decarbonylation steps that are directly related to the catalytic deactivation by poisoning.
Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among hospitalized patients with cancer
Authors: Nipp Ryan D. , El‐Jawahri Areej , D'Arpino Sara M. , Chan Andy , Fuh Charn‐Xin , Johnson P. Connor , Lage Daniel E. , Wong Risa L. , Pirl William F. , Traeger Lara , Cashavelly Barbara J. , Jackson Vicki A. , Ryan David P. , Hochberg Ephraim P. , Temel Jennifer S. , Greer Joseph A.
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Patients with cancer experience many stressors placing them at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, yet little is known about factors associated with PTSD symptoms in this population. This study explored relationships among patients' PTSD symptoms, physical and psychological symptom burden, and risk for hospital readmissions.

METHODS

We prospectively enrolled patients with cancer admitted for an unplanned hospitalization from August 2015‐April 2017. Upon admission, we assessed patients' PTSD symptoms (Primary Care PTSD Screen), as well as physical (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ESAS]) and psychological (Patient Health Questionnaire 4 [PHQ‐4]) symptoms. We examined associations between PTSD symptoms and patients' physical and psychological symptom burden using linear regression. We evaluated relationships between PTSD symptoms and unplanned hospital readmissions within 90‐days using Cox regression.

RESULTS

We enrolled 954 of 1,087 (87.8%) patients approached, and 127 (13.3%) screened positive for PTSD symptoms. The 90‐day hospital readmission rate was 38.9%. Younger age, female sex, greater comorbidities, and genitourinary cancer type were associated with higher PTSD scores. Patients' PTSD symptoms were associated with physical symptoms (ESAS physical: B = 3.41; P < .001), the total symptom burden (ESAS total: B = 5.97; P < .001), depression (PHQ‐4 depression: B = 0.67; P < .001), and anxiety symptoms (PHQ‐4 anxiety: B = 0.71; P < .001). Patients' PTSD symptoms were associated with a lower risk of hospital readmissions (hazard ratio, 0.81; P = .001).

CONCLUSIONS

A high proportion of hospitalized patients with cancer experience PTSD symptoms, which are associated with a greater physical and psychological symptom burden and a lower risk of hospital readmissions. Interventions to address patients' PTSD symptoms are needed and should account for their physical and psychological symptom burden. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Hazard Communication—Key to Work Safety
Authors: Brown Randy
Published: June 2018

Hazard communication, learning about and protecting yourself from the hazardous chemicals you work with, is the core of a dependable safety program. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration's hazard communication regulation (OSHA 1910.1220), known as HAZ COM, includes requirements to protect workers who use chemicals at work. The article lists the steps in building a hazard communication program.
Managing Stormwater Runoff in Urban Watersheds
Authors: Jr. DuPoldt Carl A.
Published: June 2018

Upstream areas of watersheds contribute to downstream problems simply because of the cumulative effects of storm water runoff. In many cases, land development in upstream areas has occurred with little thought of the consequences to downstream communities. Many local government entities are autonomous units primarily concerned with land used within their own boundaries. A watershed management entity can assist with the management of land within a watershed. This paper describes activities that can be implemented in upstream areas to manage storm water runoff and discusses the implementation of watershed management plans. Also included are steps for pulling watershed communities together.
Keys to Lime Handling and Process Control
Authors:   AWWA Coagulation and Filtration Committee, Elliott Larry E. , Alvarez Matthew B.
Published: June 2018

Part 1 (June 1998 issue of Opflow) of this series discussed several problems and associated solutions regarding handling and feeding lime to the treatment process. Once lime has been fed to the point of application, many process control issues can be addressed to optimize and control lime use. Part 2 will discuss some of the solutions that have been developed to enhance the performance of lime in various treatment applications.
Testing Meters in Place Saves Time, Money
Authors: Seidel Harris F. , Blumer David
Published: June 2018

A relatively small percentage of water utility customers consume a very high volume of water, measured through large water meters. Billing of these customers represents a significant portion of revenue generated by a water utility. Therefore, it is important for large water meters to measure accurately so the water utility is properly compensated. Large water meters should be tested on a regular basis. Testing large meters in place (TIP) is simpler, faster, more accurate, and less costly than the conventional method of removing and transporting them to a meter shop for testing and maintenance.
Treatment Plant Operations: Optimize Initial Mixing with Plug‐Flow Reactors
Authors: Lang John S.
Published: June 2018

Most of the currently operating water treatment plants can significantly reduce their operating costs by improving initial mixing. Retrofitting with currently available initial mixing equipment will significantly reduce operating costs with no degradation in the quality of the treated water. This article describes two classes of plug‐flow initial mixers currently available for use in treatment plants: axial‐flow propeller pumps and hydraulic jet deflectors.
Strategies for Taste‐and‐Odor Testing Methods
Authors: Dietrich Andrea M. , Burlingame Gary A. , Hoehn Robert C.
Published: June 2018

This article discusses sensory monitoring of water quality in detecting off‐tastes and odors in distribution systems. Various sensory methods are discussed, along with strategies for selecting the best method.
Water Professionals Tackle Asset Management
Authors: Harris Rhonda
Published: June 2018

This article discusses the many aspects and meanings of the term “asset management,” including the importance of considering people (water industry employees) as assets, evaluating and repairing system infrastructure, managing meters to collect revenues, water pressure management to prolong system life, maintaining storage facilities, building new structures, and implementing increased security measures.
Engaging Disturbing Books
Authors: Ivey Gay , Johnston Peter
Published: June 2018

There is evidence that student‐selected reading of compelling, relevant young adult literature helps address the problem of low reading engagement among adolescents, but schools rarely take up this option as a curricular priority. A major source of apprehension for adults is fear that students might be placed at risk by exposure to realistic content of some young adult books or that parents might object. In this article, the authors take up this problem by describing the experiences of eighth‐grade students in classes where engaged reading of disturbing books was the norm. The authors offer students’ perspectives, as well as those of some of their parents. Students documented the many positive ways that they were transformed by the books and the ensuing conversations. Their parents agreed and described resulting changes in family conversations and relationships.
Simultaneous downregulation of miR‐21 and miR‐155 through oleuropein for breast cancer prevention and therapy
Authors: Abtin Maryam , Alivand Mohammad R. , Khaniani Mahmoud S. , Bastami Milad , Zaeifizadeh Mohammad , Derakhshan Sima M.
Published: June 2018

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. It recently was proven that miRNAs play a critical role in BC development. The use of natural agents for control of cancer by modulating miRNAs is promising. Oleuropein is a natural polyphenolic agent with anti‐neoplastic properties and is well tolerated by humans. This study was undertaken to determine the therapeutic effects of oleuropein through modulation of master oncomiRs (miR‐21 and miR‐155) in BC cells. The present study provides the first link between miRNA and oleuropein as a mechanism in BC. MCF‐7 cells were tested with and without oleuropein and the cell viability, apoptosis, and migration were examined. The effect of oleuropein on miR‐21 and miR‐155 expression was assessed through qRT‐PCR. It was found that oleuropein induced apoptosis and retarded cell migration and invasion in a dose‐dependent manner in the human MCF7 BC cell line. It was observed that oleuropein significantly decreased expression of both miR‐21 and miR‐155 over time in a dose‐dependent manner. These results demonstrate that oleuropein is a potential therapeutic and preventive agent for BC. Oleuropein exhibits an anti‐cancer effect by modulation of tumor suppressor gene expression, which is targeted by oncomiRs.
FGF9‐induced ovarian cancer cell invasion involves VEGF‐A/VEGFR2 augmentation by virtue of ETS1 upregulation and metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Bhattacharya Rahul , Ray Chaudhuri Susri , Roy Sib S.
Published: June 2018

Ovarian cancer (OC) renders its lethality to enhanced metastasis and late detection. A plethora of growth factors including Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) stimulated signaling pathways regulate the invasive/metastatic behavior of ovarian tumors contributing to its aggressiveness. Autocrine VEGF‐functioning by virtue of upregulated VEGFR2 contributes to the invasiveness of OC cells by modulating the MMPs. Studies have highlighted the interaction between FGF and VEGF signaling pathways during angiogenesis. Moreover, the previous involvement of FGF9 in controlling the OC invasiveness prompted us to investigate its role in regulating VEGF‐A/VEGFR2 expression that may control the invasive behavior of the cells. Here we demonstrate that, FGF9‐induction resulted in the augmentation of VEGF‐A/VEGFR2 levels and the subsequent invasion of OC cells through the activation of the ERK‐signaling pathway. Moreover, the ETS1 transcription factor was found to enhance the VEGFA/VEGFR2 expression by directly binding to their promoters and facilitated FGF9‐dependent elevation of VEGF‐signaling which augmented the metastatic potential of OC cells. Enhanced cellular invasiveness was associated with increased aerobic glycolysis, LDH‐A expression, and lactate production. Lactate, in turn, controlled VEGF‐A/VEGFR2 expression and the resulting cell invasion. Taken together, the augmentation of VEGF‐A/VEGFR2 expression and subsequent invasion of OC cells were governed by FGF9‐dependent enhancement of both ETS1 and LDH‐A/lactate levels. Therefore, this study provides an insight into the mechanism governing elevated VEGF‐autocrine functioning in OC that contributes to its invasive/metastatic behavior.
Hypoxia inducible factor‐1α/vascular endothelial growth factor signaling activation correlates with response to radiotherapy and its inhibition reduces hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis in lung cancer
Authors: Zhu Hongjun , Zhang Shuanglin
Published: June 2018

Like other tumors, lung cancer must induce angiogenesis as it grows. Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) is the inducible subunit of the HIF‐1 transcription factor that regulates genes involved in the response to hypoxia, some of which contributes to angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the genes upregulated by HIF‐1 and is the primary cytokine in relation to angiogenesis. In this study we tested whether aberrant activation of hypoxia inducible factor‐1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF‐1α/VEGF) pathway correlates with response to radiotherapy and examined the response of lung cancer cells to hypoxia in vitro. We determined increased expressions of HIF‐1α and VEGF‐A in 76 cancerous tissues of responders (complete remission and partial remission). HIF‐1α and VEGF‐A were shown to be upregulated in lung cancer cells in response to hypoxia. The treatment with anti‐HIF‐1α siRNA prior to hypoxia exposure was shown to decrease HIF‐1α and VEGF‐A expressions and reduce hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis, suggesting that HIF‐1α expression resulted in increased VEGF‐A expression and activation of HIF‐1α/VEGF pathway was responsible for hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis. In conclusion, we identified the relationship between HIF‐1α/VEGF pathway and response to radiotherapy and its role in angiogenesis in lung cancer in vitro. HIF‐1α/VEGF pathway as a target for antiangiogenic treatment strategies for this tumor requires further investigation.
The Nogo‐B receptor promotes human hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth via the Akt signal pathway
Authors: Dong Chengyong , Liu Ying , Jiang Keqiu , Wang Haibo , Qu Weikun , Zhang Chi , Liang Rui , Gao Zhenming , Zhao Baofeng , Miao Qing , Shao Shujuan , Wang Liming
Published: June 2018

Nogo‐B receptor (NgBR) is a type I receptor with a single transmembrane domain and specifically binds to ligand Nogo‐B. A previous study demonstrated that NgBR was highly expressed in human breast invasive ductal carcinoma and promoted epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in breast tumor cells. Our recent work found that NgBR expression was associated with a poor prognosis in human patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we elucidate that the increased expression of NgBR contributes toward the increased cell growth of human HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability and clonogenic survival analysis results demonstrated that knockdown of NgBR inhibits the cell growth in human HCC cells, which correlates with a reduction in the phosphorylation of Akt levels. Furthermore, overexpression of NgBR by the cotransfected pIRES‐NgBR plasmid together with NgBR siRNA in human HCC cells can rescue impaired phosphorylation of Akt levels in NgBR knockdown human HCC cells. In addition, cell viability analyses showed that NgBR overexpression can rescue the cell growth inhibition presented in human HCC NgBR knockdown cells. Taken together, our results suggest that NgBR potentially acts as an oncogene in HCC by increasing Akt activity. Thus, NgBR may represent a new potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
Sideroxylin (Callistemon lanceolatus) suppressed cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and an increase of lipid peroxidation
Authors: Park Sunwoo , Lim Whasun , Jeong Wonsik , Bazer Fuller W. , Lee Dongho , Song Gwonhwa
Published: June 2018

Sideroxylin is a C‐methylated flavone isolated from Callistemon lanceolatus and exerts antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. However, the anticancer effects of sideroxylin and its intracellular signaling mechanisms have not yet been identified. Results of our study showed that sideroxylin decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, causing DNA fragmentation, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and an increase of lipid peroxidation in ovarian cancer cells (ES2 and OV90 cells). Additionally, sideroxylin activated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, P38, and MAPK proteins and the use of LY294002, U0126, SB203580, and SP600125 to block their phosphorylation, respectively, in ES2 and OV90 cells. Collectively, the results of present study indicated that sideroxylin was a novel therapeutic agent to combat the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells through the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction and the activation of PI3 K and MAPK signal transduction.
Magnetic resonance cold pressor test to investigate potential endothelial dysfunction in patients suffering from type 1 diabetes
Authors: Weng Andreas M. , Wilimsky Stefan , Bender Gwendolyn , Hahner Stefanie , Köstler Herbert , Ritter Christian O.
Published: June 2018

Background

In its course, diabetes impairs microvascular function through endothelial dysfunction. As the response of myocardial perfusion to sympathetic stimulation through cold is modulated by endothelium‐related factors, an incipient endothelial dysfunction might be observed noninvasively by investigation of myocardial perfusion with a cold pressor test (CPT). This approach has been used in clinical MRI previously.

Purpose

To assess endothelial function of patients suffering from type 1 diabetes by MR CPT.

Study Type

Prospective cohort study.

Subjects

Twenty type 1 diabetics and 20 healthy volunteers.

Field Strength/Sequence

3T, dynamic contrast enhanced perfusion (steady‐state free precession).

Assessment

Absolute quantitative myocardial perfusion values at rest and under CPT.

Statistical Tests

Kolmogorov–Smirnov test to determine normal distribution of the results. T‐test for independent samples.

Results

Patients' mean myocardial perfusion was 0.68 cc/g/min at rest and 0.80 cc/g/min during CPT, respective values of 0.81 cc/g/min and 1.36 cc/g/min were found in healthy volunteers. Perfusion values differed significantly for CPT (P < 0.01) but not for resting conditions (P = 0.06).

Data Conclusion

This study demonstrated that endothelial function might be impaired in type 1 diabetes patients. This fosters the thesis that endothelial function may serve as an early biomarker for coronary artery disease in patients with type 1 diabetes while these patients are still clinically asymptomatic.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1595–1601
Detection of rotavirus‐ and norovirus‐specific IgG memory B cells in tonsils
Authors: Sharma Sumit , Hagbom Marie , Nordgren Johan , Frodlund Jonas , Hinkula Jorma , Ledin Torbjörn , Svensson Lennart
Published: June 2018

Because rotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NoV) are transmitted through the fecal‐oral route, tonsils due to their location within the oropharynx may sample or become infected with these viruses. We investigated if RV and NoV RNA/antigen, or virus‐specific memory/plasma B cells can be detected in the tonsils. While neither RV/NoV antigen, nor genomic RNA was detected, 90% (27/30) of tonsils tested had RV‐ and NoV‐specific IgG memory B cells. However, the mechanism explaining how these cells get there (whether because of local induction or homing after induction at other sites) and the role these cells might play during active infection is not yet clear.
Chloride induced reinforcement corrosion in cracked and coated concrete: From experimental studies to time‐dependent numerical modeling
Authors: Hiemer Florian , Jakob Denise , Keßler Sylvia , Gehlen Christoph
Published: June 2018

The aim of the presented research work is to analyze and numerically describe the time‐dependent anode kinetics of steel in cracked reinforced concrete, which is exposed to de‐icing salts for a short time (one winter period) before a concrete coating is applied. In experimental studies the mechanism of chloride induced macro cell corrosion is investigated by measuring essential corrosion parameters. Therein, the surface coating finally leads to a halt of macro cell current for all actively corroding samples. The anode kinetics is identified as the decisive control factor leading to a stop of corrosion. In order to transfer the laboratory results onto real component geometries, numerical methods are used. These require a detailed workup of the anodic reaction kinetics, since the time‐dependent characteristics of the anode, identified in the experimental program, must be taken into account in the numerical simulations. For this, specific integral polarization resistances (rpi,a) are determined as an adequate approach which also allow for an extrapolation of the anode kinetics beyond the experimental investigations. The main findings of the numerical study are that geometrical and electrochemical influences, except the driving potential, are eventually superimposed by increasing rpi,a. As in the experimental studies, rpi,a is again identified as the dominant control factor stopping corrosion.
Effect of water content on the corrosiveness of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids
Authors: Noori Seyedreza , Diamanti Maria Vittoria , Pedeferri MariaPia , Brenna Andrea , Ormellese Marco
Published: June 2018

Ionic liquids (ILs) are gaining attention in CO2 absorption, thanks to their favorable selectivity towards CO2 and physical characteristics, yet their corrosion behavior towards metallic equipment needs deeper evaluation, especially when approaching potential working conditions. Here we investigate the behavior of carbon steel and stainless steel in imidazolium based ILs with different alkyl chain lengths, mixed with various water contents. Oxygen reduction is identified as cathodic process, with limiting current density affected by fluid viscosity, oxygen solubility and diffusivity. The effect of water on ILs corrosiveness changes with its quantity and depends on the formation of a miscible solution or phase separation. Moreover, dissociation of ILs anions releases fluoride ions in water phase, increasing electrolyte aggressiveness.
A multiband self‐complementary SRR loaded dipole antenna
Authors: Rajendran Jolly , Menon Sreedevi K.
Published: June 2018

In this article, a novel self‐complimentary, split ring resonator‐loaded dipole antenna (SCSDA) is proposed, which could be used in L and S bands. The proposed antenna consists of U‐shaped dipoles loaded with split ring resonators. Along with the dipoles, SRRs excites additional resonances yielding multi‐band operation. The measured average gain is 7 dBi across the bandwidth for the antenna. The measured results confirm that SCSDA is a multiband antenna and can be a good candidate for L and S band applications.
Performance comparison of liquid level sensors using fiber coupler and fiber‐bundled probe
Authors: Samian Samian , Zaidan Andi , Yasin Moh , Sujito Sujito
Published: June 2018

Detection liquid level using fiber coupler, a pair, and concentric bundled probes has been demonstrated. The detection mechanism is based on displacement sensor and utilizing the principle of hydrostatic pressure. The results indicate that the concentric bundled probe has the best performance with a sensor range of 130 cm.