bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Major Differences between the Banking Systems of the EAEU States
Authors: Chekanova T. E.
Published: June 2020

The presented study examines the problems of integration of the national banking systems of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).

Aim. The study aims to examine the major differences in various aspects of functioning of banking systems in the EAEU member states in terms of their impact on integration processes.

Tasks. The author identifies the most prominent features of the banking systems of the EAEU states; reveals the depth of the existing differences through a comparative analysis of various indicators of national banking systems; outlines ways of overcoming integration problems associated with differences in the banking sectors of the Union states.

Methods. This study is based on universal general scientific methods and elements of comparative, functional, and economic analysis within the framework of a systems approach. The author uses regulatory documents and banking reports of the EAEU states, statistical and analytical materials of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC), and data of Moody’s international rating agency.

Results. The study identifies a number of aspects that contain the major differences in the functioning of banking systems in the EAEU member states; highlights the disproportions in the scale, level of development, financial stability, and risks of the banking spheres of the Union states; comparatively analyzes the proportion of banking and non-banking structures in the system and the share of the government and non-resident companies in the capital of banks; marks the difference in the pricing of banking services; determines differences in the existing approaches to banking regulation and the established standards; analyzes the major differences in the legislative acts of the central banks and governments of the EAEU member states and in the terms and definitions used. According to the results of the study, the major factors hindering the development of integration processes between the banking systems of the EAEU states are identified.

Conclusions. The existing differences between the banking systems of the EAEU countries are diverse and multifaceted. The author states that the aspects addressed in this study have a significant negative impact on the further development of integration processes, describing the major directions and actions of the member states aimed at minimizing the exiting differences, which are required to facilitate the convergence of the states and the transition towards a common financial market.
الأمن الحضري في تخطيط المدن
Authors: Hassan Nagham Khalid Mohammed , Mohammed Luay Taha
Published: June 2020

منذ تخطيط أولى المدن، والطراز اليومي للمجتمع معرض للعديد من المخاطر؛ ونتيجة لنوع تخطيط المدينة ومشاكلها الخدمية تعرض الأمن الحضري إلى الخطر، لذلك فان لنمط تخطيط المدينة، ولطبيعة مجتمعها، ونوع الخدمات المقدمة فيها لها الأثر الكبير في توفير الأمن الحضري في جميع أبعاده ومستوياته. فالزيادة في أعداد السكان، والتوسعات التي تحدث في المدن بجميع أنواعها، وكثرة التعقيدات فيها على المستويات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية؛ أدى كل ذلك الى نشوء عدم السيطرة على الأمن في المدينة، لذلك سيتم التطرق للتسلسل التاريخي (كرونولوجي) من أجل تعيين مواطن الضعف في تخطيط المدن منذ النشأة الأولى للتوصل الى النتائج التي تقود إلى تعيين التخطيط الأمثل للمدن من أجل حفظ أمنها الحضري، أهمية البحث تكمن في تحقيق الأمن الحضري في المدينة عن طريق التخطيط لها بعد دراسة شاملة لمواطن الضعف والقوة، فإن ما سينتج عنه هو تحقيق بيئة حضرية متكاملة تستطيع أن تقدم احتياجات الساكنين بجميع أعمارهم ومكوناتهم المجتمعية، ومن دون أن يكون أحد الساكنين في حاجة أن تغطى احتياجاته أو أن يلجئ لطرائق قد تخل بالأمن الحضري في المدينة من أجل أن تسد حاجته، أو أن يساعد التخطيط الحضري في ان يولّد جريمة في أماكن معينة من المدينة ان لم تتم الدراسة الوافية للفضاءات. هدف البحث هو تحقيق النتيجة الأمثل في توفير الأمن الحضري للمدن الحالية عن طريق دراسة و عرض التخطيط الذي مرت به المدن عبر المراحل التاريخية المختلفة، أي استخدام منهجية عرض (كرونولوجي) لغاية توفير الأمن والأمان لمجتمع المدينة والارتقاء بالمستوى الخدمي المقدم لمجتمع المدينة الذي ينتج عنه توفير احتياجات أساسية وخدمات مجتمعية عن طريق التخطيط المواكب لمتطلبات العصر الحديث.
ANALISIS GAYA BAHASA DALAM BUKU CATATAN NAJWA DAN IMPLEMENTASI DI SMPN 2 BALIKPAPAN
Authors: Nursahira Era , Maryatin Maryatin , Ratnawati Indah Ika
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk gaya bahasa perbandingan yang digunakan oleh Najwa Shihab dalam buku Catatan Najwa dan bagaimana pengimplementasiannya dalam pembelajaran gaya bahasa di SMPN 2 Balikpapan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan stilistika. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah dengan menggunakan teknik simak dan catat. Prosedur dan teknik analisis adalah mencakup empat kegiatan yaitu (1) reduksi data, (2) penyajian data, (3) Implementasi dan (4) penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil analisis data pertama, penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ditinjau dari penggunaan gaya bahasa dalam buku Catatan Najwa karya Najwa Shihab, bentuk gaya bahasa perbandingan yang ditemukan berjumlah 27 data, masing-masing terdiri dari gaya bahasa perumpamaan berjumlah 4 data, gaya bahasa metafora berjumlah 9 data, gaya bahasa personifikasi berjumlah 9 data, gaya bahasa depersonifikasi berjumlah sebanyak 4 data, dan gaya bahasa antitesis berjumlah 1 data. Dari hasil tersebut terlihat bahwa Najwa Shihab lebih dominan menggunakan gaya bahasa perumpamaan dan personifikasi dengan jumlah yang sama yakni sebanyak 9 data. Kedua, buku Catatan Najwa dapat diimplementasikan sebagai bahan ajar dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMP.
HUBUNGAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI DAN PEMAHAMAN MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS X IPA SMA NEGERI 7 BALIKPAPAN TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Rochmah Ni’matur , Nur Indah Sari Tri Hariyati , Permatasari Besse Intan
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kemampuan komunikasi dan pemahaman matematis siswa kelas X IPA SMA Negeri 7 Balikpapan Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara tidak terstruktur untuk mencari data literatur awal kepada salah satu guru matematika, dan tes digunakan untuk mengukur pengetahuan siswa. Uji prasyarat analisis berupa uji normalitas dan linieritas. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah korelasi product moment. Teknik analisis data uji prasyarat menggunakan software SPSS windows 23. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kemampuan komunikasi dan pemahaman matematis siswa. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai r sebesar 0,085 dan nilai signifikansi 0,388 ≥ 0,05.
PESAN MORAL DAN GAYA BAHASA DALAM GRAFFITI DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Alawiyah Asmah , Maulida Nurliani , Prasetya Kiftian Hady
Published: June 2020

The focus of the problem in this study is motivated by the rise of the graffiti phenomenon which contains moral messages to be conveyed by graffiti artists in East Kalimantan, especially in Balikpapan City, Samarinda City, Bontang City, and Kutai Kartanegara District. The purpose of this study was to determine the moral message conveyed in the use of language styles on graffiti in East Kalimantan. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with a sociolinguistic approach. Research data in the form of written text from graffiti data sources in East Kalimantan. Data collection techniques using the stages of observation, study documentation, and interviews. Research instruments in the form of cellphones, stationery, notebooks, and moral style indicator message tables in Graffiti Language. The results found an attachment between language style and moral messages to be conveyed by graffiti makers found 30 data. Research findings include: (1) Religious moral messages, with indicators of submission to God, prayer in earnest, requests for guidance in life, repentance to God, confession of wrongdoing for sin, gratitude, patience, and sincerity. (2) Social moral messages, with indicators relating to human values, mutual respect, mutual cooperation, tolerance, caring, solidarity, and integrity. (3) Individual moral messages, with indicators that include values ​​of obedience, humility, caution in acting, honesty, confidence, accuracy, and wisdom. The conclusion of the study found the use of conflicting language style to be the dominant language style used to express the taste, intention, and work of graffiti makers. Choice of language style in graffiti has a tendency to the style of irony, satire, and sarcasm. Moral messages in graffiti are often accompanied by pictures as illustrations and are implied so that it requires careful observation and in-depth understanding to find out the message to be conveyed by graffiti makers.
City As Relationship
Authors: Johnson Martha
Published: June 2020

Volume XX (Spring 2011) of Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad takes a thematic focus on “Study Abroad and the City.” As part of the Global Cities Seminar hosted by CAPA International Education in Vancouver in May 2011, participants were asked to consider the use of the city as text, the city as document, and the city as cultural informant. The articles featured in the journal and at the workshop presented an array of case studies and compelling arguments for ensuring active engagement with the physical environment that various urban spaces provide as educative tools for students abroad.

During the discussion that followed the presentations, an aspect not fully explored either in the journal or on the panel occurred to me. What about the city as a relationship? As Rodríguez and Rink suggest in their article Performing the City: Engaging the High Tech Flaneur (2011), the ability of the city to elicit a visceral and emotional response is a powerful but often untapped element of the experience abroad. At the most obvious and basic level, travelers inevitably articulate their experience of destinations in the language of emotion: “I did not really like Venice, but I loved Rome.” I would like to give a bit of consideration to the emotional relationship travelers, and more specifically students on programs abroad, have with cities. I would also like to suggest some of the opportunities “the city as relationship” might offer if explored or presented as such.
The Effect of Proprioceptive Training on Core Muscles Strength and Single Leg Balancing Ability in Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Kovács Miklós , Pucsok József Márton
Published: June 2020

Core stability and the ability to balance have both a critical role in today’s modern soccer. Majority of injuries originated from the weakness and inefficient strength of core musculature and the kinetic chain. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of a three month proprioceptive training programme on core stability and the ability to balance. We hypothesized that both of the skills might improve by the end of the 12-week exercise program. We set up a group involving 15 players, who regularly participated in a weekly 40 minutes special proprioceptive training routine. The control group hasn’t attended any additional strengthening workout session. The youngsters executed a fitball balancing task, in a seated position, and the so-called Stork-test.  Before the 3-month exercise program, we implemented a pre-, at the end of the program a post-test. According to our results, we may conclude that we had measured a significant difference only in the Fitball-test when players executed the single leg balancing test (Stork-test), we haven’t observed any significant difference.
DEMENCIA VIZSGÁLATI ESZKÖZEI, FIZIKAI AKTIVITÁSSAL VALÓ ÖSSZEFÜGGÉSEINEK MÉRÉS-METODIKAI KÉRDÉSEI-ÁTTEKINTÉS
Authors: Makra Gabriella , Balogh László
Published: June 2020

Célkitűzés: Szeretnénk egy átfogó képet kapni a demencia mérésében használatos módszerekről, eszközökről.

Módszer: A témához kacsolódó szakirodalmi cikkek áttekintése, összegzése általunk meghatározott szempontok szerint (mérés típusa, mérési módszerek kapcsolata, mérések száma).

Eredmények: Az általunk átvizsgált kutatásokban igen sok mérési eszközt találtunk, mely alkalmas a demencia mérésére, tesztelésére. A mérések javarész kettő, vagy több mérő eszköz együttes használatával történik, hogy minél pontosabb és komplexebb eredményt kaphassanak a demenciát illetően. Valamint az is megállapítható, hogy napjainkban több gyakorlatias mérési formát használnak, ebben a témában is és a papír-ceruza tesztek csak kísérő mérésként, megerősítésként szerepel a kutatások többségében.

Következtetések: Megállapíthatjuk, hogy sok mérőeszköz áll rendelkezésünkre a demencia tesztelését illetően. Ezek közül kell kiválasztanunk a számunkra legmegfelelőbbet.
UTÁNPÓTLÁSKORÚ KÉZILABDÁZÓK ÉS LABDARÚGÓK TELJESÍTMÉNYÉNEK VIZSGÁLATA INTENZÍV MIKROMOZGÁSOK SZEMPONTJÁBÓL
Authors: Kovács Miklós , Pocsai Balázs , Zsanda Emilia , Pöszmet Tibor , Balogh László , Pucsok József Márton
Published: June 2020

Napjaink modern labdarúgása egyre szűkebb térben és cselekvési idő alatt zajlik, mely korábban elképzelhetetlennek tűnő mennyiségű mikro mozgás megtételére kényszeríti a játékosokat.  Az egyes játékhelyzetek hasonlóan szűk területen zajlanak, mint az egyébként jelentősen kisebb alapterületen játszott kézilabda mérkőzések. Felmerül tehát a kérdés, megfelelő e sportág-specifikus felkészítés, azaz képesek a kézilabdázókhoz hasonló teljesítményt produkálni a labdarúgók a kisterületen történő intenzív elindulások, gyorsítások, lassítások és irányváltások tekintetében? Hipotézisünket a Speed Court sportdiagnosztikai eszközön végzett mérésekkel igazoltuk.  A vizsgálat során utánpótláskorú sportolók két különböző felmérésen vettek részt. A felmérések végrehajtása magas színvonalú mozdulatgyorsasági és robbanékonysági képesség mellett, téri tájékozódó képességet, döntésgyorsaságot követelt a sportolótól. A ”60 méteres kergetés” és a ”30 másodperces kergetés” elnevezésű tesztek kiválóan alkalmasak voltak a mérkőzéseken előforduló szituációk modellezésére. A résztvevőknek három kísérlete volt, melynek eredményeit feljegyeztük, majd 12 hét elteltével újból megismételtük. A vizsgálati csoportok homogenitását bizonyítva testösszetétel vizsgálatnak is alávetettük a sportolókat, melynek eredménye szerint szinte tökéletesen megegyező testfelépítésű fiatalok képezték vizsgálatunk alanyait. A két sportág képviselőinek a teszteken elért eredményeit vizsgálva megállapíthatjuk, hogy a labdarúgók nem csupán képesek reprodukálni a kézilabdázók eredményeit, hanem minimális különbséggel túl is tudják teljesíteni azt.
FIZIKAI AKTIVITÁS ÉS A TESTEDZÉS HATÁSA AZ IMMUNRENDSZER MŰKÖDÉSÉRE
Authors: Arany Attila Csaba , Jámbor Ilona , Papp Gábor
Published: June 2020

A fizikai aktivitásnak és testmozgásnak kiemelt jelentősége van az egészség fenntartásában és számos megbetegedés kockázatának csökkentésében. A testmozgásnak kifejezett immunomoduláló hatásai vannak, befolyásolja a veleszületett immunrendszer elemeinek, úgymint a neutrofileknek, makrofágoknak, természetes ölősejteknek arányát és funkcióját, mely sejtek a gyulladás kialakításában, fenntartásában, megszüntetésében egyaránt részt vesznek. Az adaptív immunrendszer esetében a Th1/Th2 egyensúly eltolódása történik Th2 irányba, valamint a magas intenzitású edzés emelkedést okoz a regulatórikus T sejtek arányában, szemben a nem megterhelő testmozgás Treg sejtarányt csökkentő hatásával. A testmozgásra adott válaszban a B sejtek érintettségéről nincsenek egyértelmű adatok, ellenben néhány tanulmány az immunglobulin szekréció csökkenéséről számolt be. Saját kutatásaink során a naív és memória B sejtarányok megváltozását figyeltük meg. Edzés hatására az IL-6, egy proinflammatórikus citokin segíti a T sejtek proliferációját, aktiválását, valamint a B sejtek antitesttermelő plazmasejtekké történő differenciálódását is. Az immunológiai változások hátterében a hormonális tényezők fontos szerepet játszanak. A testmozgás, mind az adrenalin, mind a noradrenalin szekrécióját serkenti, koncentrációjuk a vérben egyenesen arányos a testmozgás időtartamával. A kimerítő testedzéshez megnövekedett kortizolszint társul, míg kis intenzitású testmozgás jelentősen nem befolyásolja a kortizolszintet. A testmozgás és a fizikai stressz 3-10-szeresére emelheti az endorfinok koncentrációját, a β-endorfin gátolja a T- és B sejtek aktivitását, így csökkentve az antitesttermelést. A tesztoszteron az IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ, illetve Ig-M és Ig-G antitestek csökkentéséhez vezet. Mindezek alapján az enyhe, illetve közepes terheléssel járó fizikai aktivitás hozzájárul az immunreaktivitás fokozódásához, illetve az immunrendszer erősödő válaszkészségéhez. Ezzel szemben azonban a fokozott intenzitással járó, kimerítő testedzés az immunfunkciók romlásához, az immunológiai védelem károsodásához vezet.
TÖRZS ÉS ALSÓ VÉGTAG STABILITÁSÁNAK VIZSGÁLATA LABDAJÁTÉKOSOK KÖRÉBEN
Authors: Lepp Kitti , Némethné Gyurcsik Zsuzsanna
Published: June 2020

A különböző labdajátékok technikai hátterét az alsó végtag szempontjából a törzs és végtag izmainak összehangolt működése biztosítja. A felületes és mély hasizmok aktivitása a mozgó (rúgó, ugró végtag), valamint a támaszkodó végtag gyorsító, fékező és stabilizáló funkcióját biztosítja. A sérülés prevenció egyik alapeleme a stabilizátorok működése. Az állapotfelmérés során alkalmazott standard tesztek lehetővé teszik a játékosok fizikális kondíciójának után követését és a célzott intervenciós program tervezését.

A kutatási program célja, a labdajátékosok – kosárlabdázó, vízilabdázó, labdarugó – törzs és alsó végtag izmainak stabilizáló funkciójának mérése, a három csoport összehasonlítása a különböző technikai háttér ismeretében, valamint a célcsoportok statisztikai összehasonlítása, elemzése.

A célcsoportjaink az U16-os vízilabdás, kosaras és labdarugó versenyjátékosok, 15 fő csoportonként. Mozgásszervi összehasonlító vizsgálatot végzünk célzottan a törzs és alsóvégtagi stabilitásra kiterjedő vizsgálatokkal, speciális tesztek segítségével. Nemzetközileg is alkalmazott standard tesztek: Single leg squat teszt (sec.), Single leg squat on TOGU teszt (sec.), Single leg wall-sit teszt (sec.) Single leg wall-sit with ball (sec.) Single leg bridge (sec.) Feltételezzük, hogy a standard tesztek különböző eredményeket adnak.

Az eredmények ismeretében következtethetünk, hogy mely terület, izom szinergizmus igényel fejlesztést az adott sportágban. További célok egy intervenciós program kidolgozása és megtartása, majd az utána következő ismételt állapotfelmérés, amelyből statisztikai elemzést végzünk.

Az eredményeket és a technikai hátteret figyelembe véve pedig a tornaprogram hatékonyságának megállapítása, hogy egy funkcionális szemléletmódra alapozott tornaprogram milyen mértékben befolyásolja a törzs és alsó végtag szinergista funkcióját a meghatározott tesztpozíciókban.
LABDARÚGÓ TELJESÍTMÉNY ELEMZÉSÉNEK IT ESZKÖZEI
Authors: Karikás Krisztián , Ráthonyi Gergely
Published: June 2020

A világ töretlenül legnépszerűbb sportja a labdarúgás, melyet jól reprezentál, hogy a 2018-as oroszországi labdarúgó világbajnokságot a világ lakosságának több mint fele követte valamilyen platformon. Egy-egy győzelem érdekében a csapatok mindent elkövetnek, hogy versenyelőnyt alakíthassanak ki a vetélytársaikkal szemben. Az információtechnológia az egyik olyan robbanásszerűen fejlődő terület, mely a labdarúgásban is jelentős változásokat eredményezett. Például innovatív megoldások jelentek meg a sportszergyártásban, melyek hozzájárultak a játék felgyorsulásához, a labdarúgó közvetítésekben megjelenő technológiai innovációk révén (3 dimenziós visszajátszás) növelhető a szurkolói élmény, vagy a nemrég bevezetett videóbíró és gólvonal-technológia pedig a vitatott szituációkat hivatottak eldönteni. A labdarúgásban kiemelkedő szerepe lehet a mérkőzéselemzésnek és az abból szármató adatoknak, melyek a játékosok és a csapat teljesítményét jellemzik, melyet több oldalról is vizsgálhatunk: technikai, taktikai, mentális és élettani. A technológia fejlődése révén a labdarúgásban dolgozó szakemberek számára jelentős mennyiségű, változó formátumú adat vált elérhetővé, melynek feldolgozás és felhasználása kulcsfontosságú számukra.

Jelen cikk elsődleges célkitűzése, hogy bemutassa a teljesítményelemzés informatikai eszközrendszerét és jelentőségét a labdarúgásban.
A DEMENCIA ÉS A FIZIKAI AKTIVITÁS KAPCSOLATÁNAK VIZSGÁLATA IRODALOMELEMZÉSSEL
Authors: Donka Dorottya Bianka , Balogh László
Published: June 2020

Bevezetés: Számos kutatás bizonyítja már, hogy a fizikai aktivitás és a kognitív képességek között van kapcsolat. Kutatásunk célja ebből következően, hogy a kognitív hanyatlás (demencia) kapcsolatát vizsgálja a fizikai aktivitással.

Módszer: A kutatás műfaja másodlagos irodalomelemzés volt. A szakirodalmi áttekintés elsősorban nemzetközi tudományos oldalokon megjelent cikkekből lett gyűjtve strukturális szempontok alapján.

Eredmény: Összesen 11 review-t vizsgáltunk meg a demencia és a fizikai aktivitás kapcsolatát vizsgálva, melyek 217 cikket foglalnak magukban. A kutatások alátámasztották a hipotézisünket, miszerint a rendszeres testmozgás pozitív hatással van a demencia megelőzésére, hiszen csökkenti a demencia kockázatát.

Következtetés: Érdemes lenne tovább vizsgálni, hogy mely testmozgások, milyen ismétlésszámmal, és intenzitással érik el a legkedvezőbb eredményeket a demencia kockázatának csökkentésére, vagy a már kialakult demencia folyamatának lassítására.
ÉJSZAKAI LÉGZÉSZAVAR EPIZÓDOK ÉS A SZÍVFREKVENCIA VARIABILITÁS KAPCSOLATA
Authors: Szabó Krisztina , Balogh László , Ihász Ferenc
Published: June 2020

Bevezetés: Vizsgálatunk célja volt összehasonlítani, a szívfrekvencia variabilitás éjszakai és nappali értékeit alvási apnoe szindrómában szenvedők és kontroll csoport között. Célunk volt továbbá vizsgálni, az apnoe súlyosságának hatását a HRV index mutatókra.

Célkitűzés: Célunk volt vizsgálni, hogy az éjszakai légzészavar epizódok befolyásolják -e a HRV indexeket.

Módszer: A vizsgálatban 40 fő adatait elemeztük, akik közül 20 személy alvási apnoes. A kontroll csoportba 20 olyan személy adatai kerültek, akiknek nincs alvási apnoéjuk.  A szívfrekvencia variabilitás idő és frekvencia paramétereit vizsgáltuk, melyhez 24 órás Schiller Medilog Holter monitor által rögzített adatok nappali és éjszakai értékeit használtunk. A két csoport átlagának eltérését kétmintás t-próbával vizsgáltuk, ahol a p<0,05.

Eredmények: A vegetatív egyensúlyi arányszámot és az R-R intervallumok standard deviációját vizsgálva, egyaránt szignifikáns különbséget kaptunk az apnoes betegek és egészséges csoport között az éjszakai időszakban. Az apnoe súlyosságát vizsgálva az idő és frekvencia mutatók átlagában nem találtunk szignifikáns különbséget a két csoport között, azonban az apnoes csoport értékeinek szűkülése a kontroll csoporthoz képest megfigyelhető.

Következtetés: Az apnoes betegek és a kontroll csoport vegetatív egyensúlyi arányszámának és idő paramétereinek éjszakai különbségei, illetve a kórkép súlyosságának változásával regisztrálható HRV mutató eltérések felhívják a figyelmet, a HOLTER monitorral mért HRV mutatók jelentőségére az éjszakai légzészavar epizódok szűrésének lehetőségére.
Analysis Of Status KEK Pregnant Mother Towards Weight Low Body Event (LBW) In Manggari Puskesmas Kuningan District, 2019
Authors: Rusependhi Usep , Utari Diah Mulyawati
Published: June 2020

Babies born at LBW (Low Body Event) are at risk of disrupting the growth and development of the baby, as well as the occurrence of hypertension, heart disease and diabetes in old age. One of the factors causing LBW is the condition of CED (Chronic Energy Deficiency) experienced by mothers during pregnancy. The highest prevalence of LBW in Kuningan Regency in 2018 is in the working area of the Manggari Community Health Center, which is 11.8% with the prevalence of pregnant women CED 10.1%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of maternal CED status during pregnancy with LBW events. The study design uses case control from cohort registers of pregnant women. The total sample of the study were 114 infants, consisting of 38 cases and 76 controls who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the statistical analysis of the Chi-Square test, obtained p value = 0.002 and OR = 4.317 (95% CI: 1.776-10.495) which means that there is a significant relationship between the status of CED during pregnancy with LBW events, where pregnant women CED risk 4.317 times higher for LBW delivery compared to pregnant women who are not CED. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the status of CED of mothers during pregnancy with the incidence of LBW.
Allergic manifestations in patients with sensitization to cat allergens
Authors: Bass E A , Tuzankina I A
Published: June 2020

Relevance. Cats and dogs are the most popular pets in many countries, what leads to a high and widespread prevalence of their allergens and increase of sensitization to animal allergens with tendency of changing the dominant profile of sensitization with the predominance of the major cat allergen. The purpose of this study was to assess the severity of allergic rhinitis and its combination with other forms of allergic diseases in children sensitized to cat allergens. Materials and methods. Under our supervision there were 228 children aged 3-16 years old living in the cities of the Sverdlovsk region. Evaluation of the sensitization spectrum was carried out according to the results of prick tests and the level of sIgE by immunofluorescence method. Results. All children had manifestations of persistent allergic rhinitis. In 42.1% (n=96) of cases the upper and lower respiratory tract comorbidities were detected, in 16.6% (n=38) - manifestations of atopic dermatitis. In 65.4% (n=149) of children the total level of points on the SFAR scale was
The response variability of the asthma patients to the standard pharmacotherapy
Authors: Pavlova K S , Mdinaradze D S , Kurbacheva O M
Published: June 2020

Background. The aim of this study was to analyse the group of patients with asthma, who prefer to use short-acting anticholinergics (SAMA) for relief of asthma attacks. At the same time, these patients are prescribed inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS) in combination with long-acting P2-agonists (LABA) as a basic therapy according to the standards. Tha aim. To study the cause of low efficacy of LABA in patients with asthma who do not have a sufficient response to SABA, as well as the probability of reducing of bronchial obstruction with LAMA. Materials and methods. 12 non-smoking adults with moderate to severe asthma (III-IV stage of GINA), receiving medium or high doses of ICS in combination with LABA as a basic therapy without adequate control over asthma symptoms were included in the study. First group of patients showed the efficacy of salbutamol (FEV1 reversibility was more than 12% and more than 200 ml after 400 ^g of salbutamol) and ipratropium bromide (SABA+SAMA+). Second group included patients with low response to salbutamol and positive test (FEVt reversibility) with ipratropium bromide (SABA-SAMA+). Spirometry was performed at baseline point and in 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after inhalation of bronchodilator (salmeterol 50 ^g, formoterol 12 ^g and tiotropium bromide 18 ^g in the different days). Results. It was shown that SABA-SAMA+ phenotype asthma patients demonstrated low response to LABA: FEV1 increased up to 7.64±1.67%, 156.0±16.0 ml after salmeterol inhalation and up to 9.4±5.8%, 166.7±103.1 ml after formoterol inhalation (compared with a group of SABA+SAMA+, where the response to salmeterol was 20.81±2.42%, 551.43±93.94 ml and the response to formoterol was 30.21±6.75%, 718.57±140.78 ml, p
Prevalence of severe bronchial asthma phenotypes in the Middle Urals
Authors: Beltyukov E K , Naumova V V , Abdullaev V Ch , Styazhkina Y A , Vedenskaya S S
Published: June 2020

Topicality. Severe asthma is a heterogeneous and cost-effective disease that requires a personalized treatment approach with inclusion of targeted therapy involving the phenotyping of asthma. Objective. Determine the dynamics of asthma prevalence in the Middle Ural, including severe asthma, and phenotype patients with severe asthma for the selection of targeted therapy. Materials and methods. Population studies of bronchial asthma prevalence were conducted in the Middle Ural from 2000 to 2012 using the standard ECRHS questionnaire. Also registers of patients with asthma were created. An analysis of outpatient records of patients with asthma was conducted in Ekaterinburg in 2018. The phenotyping of bronchial asthma was carried out by an allergist-immunologist. Results. The number of patients with bronchial asthma increased by 2.7 times over 17 years in the Middle Ural. Patients with mild asthma prevail in the population. The atopic asthma phenotype predominates in 70.8-81% of cases regardless of the population category. Severe uncontrolled bronchial asthma occurs in 10.2% of cases among all patients seeking medical care. Every second patient with severe uncontrolled asthma has an atopic phenotype, which is 5% of the total number of analyzed patients with bronchial asthma. Every fourth patient with severe uncontrolled bronchial asthma has an eosinophilic phenotype, which is 2.3% of all analyzed patients with bronchial asthma (n=216). Conclusion. Phenotyping of asthma has important practical significance for planning effective targeted therapy in a population of patients with severe uncontrolled asthma.
Indicators of activin A in patients with external genital endometriosis. Materials of 15th International Interdisciplinary Congress on Allergology and Immunology (May 22-24, 2019, Moscow)
Authors: Levkovich M A , Ermolova N V , Krukier I I , Avanesova T G , Nikashina A A
Published: June 2020

Actuality. External genital endometriosis (EGE), leading to functional and structural changes in the reproductive system and infertility, takes the 3rd place in the structure of gynecological pathology. Objective. To determine the local and systemic level of activin A in patients with external genital endometriosis. Materials and methods. The study included 71 patients with EGE, who were divided into two groups: 1 group - patients with I-II stages (n=31); 2 - patients with III-IV stages (n=40). The control group included 24 patients without EGE. The determination of the level of activin A in the serum and peritoneal fluid was performed by enzyme immunoassay using DSL test systems (USA). Results. In the blood serum the level of activin A exceeded in patients of both studied groups compared the control group, but the most evident changes were observed in patients with stage III-IV of EGE. In the study of peritoneal fluid an increase in activin A was found only in patients in the 2nd group. Conclusion. An increase of serum and peritoneal fluid activin A level was associated with the risk of developing of EGE in patients of reproductive age.
Bronchial asthma: pharmacogenetic approaches to optimization of inhaled glucocorticosteroid therapy
Authors: Zastrozhina A K , Zakharova I N , Sychev D A
Published: June 2020

According to national and international clinical guidelines, inhaled glucocorticosteroids (IGCS) are the most effective drugs in bronchial asthma (BA) therapy. However, IGCS do not always contribute to the full asthma control. In addition to external factors, including low adherence to medical recommendations, errors in the inhalation technique, comorbid conditions, lack of control over the effectiveness of therapeutic measures, and sometimes incorrect diagnosis, recently, much attention has been paid to pharmacogenetic mechanisms in reducing the effectiveness of asthma therapy. The article presents overview data on the pharmacogenetic features of reducing the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids in bronchial asthma therapy.
Passport of sensitization of schoolchildren as a tool for the prevention of asthma
Authors: Dzhambekova G S , Katsamaki S Petros , Garib V F
Published: June 2020

Molecular allergy diagnosis allows to identify sensitization to a large range of respiratory allergens, which is important in the diagnosis of allergic asthma. Moreover, based on the reactive IgE profile detected at an early age, it is possible to predict the development of allergic respiratory diseases even at the preclinical stage. The goal of the pilot project was to create a children's passport sensitization using a multiplex panel to be able to identify groups at risk for the development of asthma in children of early school age. Materials and methods. Parents of 33 students studying in the second grade of the Tashkent gymnasium were questioned using the ISAAC questionnaire for the clinical manifestations of respiratory diseases in their children. Their children’s sera were tested for the presence of IgE to various allergenic molecules using the MeDALL research method. Results. 30% of children were sensitized to at least one allergen, and 30% of them were born by Caesarean section. and 30% of them were born by Caesarean section. In total, 68 of the 176 allergenic molecules located on the MeDALL microchip were recognized. 80% of sensitized children had a genuine polysensitization to 3 or more major allergens. In 18% of children, IgE to household molecules of the risk of developing asthma, such as Alt a 1, Bla g 1, Bla g 2, Can f 1, Fel d 1, were detected. Conclusions. In general, clinical manifestations in the form of wheezing and obstruction were detected in 60% of sensitized children, but only 40% of these children were under the supervision of an allergist or received symptomatic treatment. In 20% of already sensitized children, clinical symptoms were absent. Molecular testing of the profile of IgE sensitization and the creation of an allergic passport allows us to identify a group of children at risk for developing asthma. This information can be used to assign therapy and secondary prevention of asthma in the early school years.
Hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast media
Authors: Khludova L G , Myasnikova T N , Smirnov V V , Latysheva T V , Khaitov M R
Published: June 2020

Hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast media are a pressing public health issue. Lack of understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms of such reactions leads to unjustified refuse of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures using iodinated contrast agents. Reactions of hypersensitivity to other iodine-containing medications are not a contraindication for use of contrast agents. Skin allergy tests are only performed in the patients who had a history of allergic reactions to iodinated contrast media. Usually it is possible to determine an alternative agent by means of skin tests. Premedication before a contrast-enhanced radiological examination has to be indicated to all patients with previous history of allergic disease.
Aeropalynological risks in the Yalta climatic resort in 2011-2013
Authors: Pirogova M E , Belyaeva S N , Savchenko V M
Published: June 2020

Relevance. Yalta traditionally is used as a climatic resort for the treatment and rehabilitation of bronchopulmonary patients since the late 19th century. Allergic features of plant pollen is well known . Therefore aeropalinological research can be helpful for prediction and correction of the patient’s treatment in the resort. Background. To identify the aeropalinological risks associated with plant pollen in the Yalta climatic resort and to investigate their dynamics to predict the periods unfavorable for climate therapy and rehabilitation of patients with bronchopulmonary diseases. Methods. The plant pollen in the air of Yalta was determined during 2011-2013 by gravimetric method using panes-traps. The pollen species and it’s amount were defined in 1 cm2. Aeropalinological risks were determined according to the recommendations of Gerard Sulmont (2005) and Meyer-Melikyan N.R. et al. (1999). Results. The largest pollen producers in Yalta are cypress and pine tree (46,7% and 20,8% of the total annual pollen amount, respectively). Other plants produce the pollen significantly lower: cedar - 5,7%, ash - 3,6%, hornbeam - 2,5%, ambrosia - almost 1% of the total annual pollen amount. The greatest aeropalinological risk in Yalta is observed in February-April, August and September, which corresponds to the periods of cypress and ragweed glowering. Summary. The obtained results can be used for drawing up the medical and ecological forecasts and informing the population (allergic sensitive persons) about unfavorable aeropalinological periods using the unified infocommunication system of the city, region and state.
Reflux-associated respiratory syndrome in children: a survey of algorithms in medical practice
Authors: Bardenikova S I , Shumeyko N K , Zaitseva O V , Snitko S Y , Melnikova E A , Kulikova E V , Dovgun O B
Published: June 2020

Purpose. Based on the clinical analysis of the course of BOS with GER, rational diagnostic algorithms are available in practical medicine. Materials and methods. The study included BOS children examined in the pulmonology department of the DGKB St. Vladimir in 2010-2017 years: patients with asthma (annually from 850 to 1000) and children with obstructive bronchitis (annually from 122 to 400). General clinical, laboratory, serological, instrumental studies were conducted. In cases of insufficient control of asthma and recurrent (or prolonged) BOS esophagogastroduodenofibroscopy and radiopaque examination of the esophagus was performed for revealing GER. Results. The mutual risks of weighting the symptoms of combined asthma with GERD in children are discussed. Attention is focused on the peculiarities of complaints, history and the status of patients with BOS in combination with comorbid diseases. Pulmonology department statistics data demonstrate the growing need for gastroenterological research. The rational algorithms for examination of BOS patients for the detection of GERD are discussed. Conclusion. Due to the high frequency of GER in patients with bronchial asthma and its influence on disease control, a comprehensive study of its symptoms is necessary. The presence of recurrent BOS, ETN comorbidity, night cough demands to exclude the role of GER in etiology of respiratory disorders.
Primary immunodeficiency - analysis of registry of Institute of Immnunology
Authors: Latysheva E A , Latysheva T V , Pashenkov M V , Klimova S V , Manto I A
Published: June 2020

The emergence of highly effective therapy has led to an increase in the life expectancy of patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID). Currently, we have the opportunity to observe the first generation of adults suffering from PID. Objective. To study the structure of the PID forms in Russian adults of the register of Institute of immunology of FMBA Russia. Materials and methods. The analysis of PID structure, demographic data and need for therapy was carried out on the basis of472 patient’s case histories who were treated in the Institute of immunology from 1983 to 2017. Results. The main part of patients older than 18 years (472 people) of Russian PID population are presented with predominant antibody deficiency - 61,22% and hereditary angioedema (HAE) - 30,72%, other PID forms are presented by isolated clinical cases. In 21,82% of cases, the disease debuted at the age of 18 years, with the diagnosis of PID was established after 18 years in 62,4% of cases (294 patients out of472). The average age of adult registry of PID patients is 39,6±6 years, median age - 35,6 years, maximum age - 86 years. Persistent disability is observed in 12,5% of cases. A study of the availability and adequacy of therapy showed that replacement therapy with immunoglobulins (IVIG) in need by 53,7%, but only 27,4% have it on the regularly and conditionally adequate dose, for 5,7% IVIG therapy is unavailable, while the majority of patients - 66,8% receive IVIG irregular and/or in inadequate dose. The presence of splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and enteropathy significantly lengthen the diagnosis period (p
Scale for efficacy and safety evidence based on design and methodological quality of treatments and preventive technologies trials
Authors: Rebrova O Yu
Published: June 2020

The quality of the evidence on the efficacy and safety of therapeutic and preventive interventions is analyzed in health technology assessment procedure (including the development of reimbursement lists such as the List of Vital and Essential Drugs in Russian Federation) and during development of clinical guidelines. The traditional approach to assess the evidence quality is based on the well-known pyramid of research designs (from meta-analyses to case descriptions), and now it is obsolete. The modern approach is to take into account also the methodological quality of studies. The methodological quality depends on risks of biases and the risk of incorrect data analysis. The article proposes a scale based on combinations of designs and three levels of methodological quality (high, medium, poor) for each of them. The scale differentiates meta-analyses based on randomized controlled trials and comparative studies of other designs. In the scale, the new design of indirect comparisons is envisaged, its’ evidence is lower than for RCT that are used for indirect comparisons. The scale can be used for assessing the absolute and relative effectiveness and safety of medical and preventive medical technologies. At present, the scale is included in the guidelines for the complex assessment of pharmaceuticals.
An issue of selecting of immunobiological therapy of bronchial asthma
Authors: Ilina N I
Published: June 2020

The results of indirect treatment comparison of the efficacy of anti-Il-5 pathway therapies in severe eosinophilic asthma on the basis of network meta-analysis and Cochrane review are presented in the article.
Atopic dermatitis in preschool children: prevalence, clinical and allergic characteristics and risk factors
Authors: Shakhova N V , Kamaltynova E M , Lobanov U F , Ardatova T S
Published: June 2020

Background. Information on atopic dermatitis (AD) epidemiology in preschool children is scarce. Objectives. To estimate the prevalence, clinical, allergological characteristics and risk factors of AD in preschool children. Materials and methods. 5156 children aged 3-6 years old living in the Altai Territory participated in the study. The study included a screening and clinical phases. At the screening stage of the study the prevalence of AD was evaluated using the Russian version of the ISAAC questionnaire, risk factors were evaluated using the additional questionnaire. At the clinical stage diagnosis of AD was verified by allergists. Results. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 9,9%. 73,8% of children had mild AD; 58,5% of children were sensitized: 25 (15,6%) to food allergens - 12 (7,2%) to egg, 12 (7,2%) to cow’s milk, 6 (3,6%) to wheat flour and 8 (4,9%) to fish. The most important inhaled allergens were house dust mites, the sensitivity to them was diagnosed in 44 (26,8%) children. The family anamnesis of allergic diseases increases risk of development of AD by 5 times (OR=5,7; 95% CI=4,1-7,9; p
The five year monitoring of the air environment in Samara
Authors: Manzhos M V , Khabibulina L R , Vlasova N V , Kavelenova L M , Mazokha K S , Zhukova N N , Aseeva E V , Kozlova O S , Moiseeva T V
Published: June 2020

Aim. To determine the regional characteristics of the pollen spectrum of the air environment by the end of the five-year monitoring; to create the pollen calendar of allergenic plants in Samara, Russia. Materials and methods. Pollen was sampled using the volumetric method with a self-engineered pollen impactor into glass slides, covered with a mixture of petrolatum and wax. The pollen grains were counted and classified according to the systematic groups. Results. IIn 2013 the Samara urban air basin contained pollen of 21 taxa (12 woody taxa and 9 herbaceous taxa); in 2014 - 20 taxa (13 woody and 7 herbaceous); in 2015 - 20 taxa (12 woody and 8 herbaceous); in 2016 - 21 taxa (13 woody and 8 herbaceous); in 2017 - 18 taxa (10 woody and 8 herbaceous). During the five-year survey the dominant taxa were ragweed (24.3%), poplar (12,0%), birch (11.5%), pine (7.5%), maple (6.3%), elm (6.3%), nettle (5.8%), willow (4.8%), Gramineae (4.7%), and wormwood (3.7%). 10 dominant taxa were determined, which formed from 90% to 95% of the annual pollen volume. The prevailing taxa varied considerably from year to year by specific weight. Only three pollen species were present in the spectrum annually in the amount of more than 4% of the annual amount: poplar, birch and ambrosia pollen grains. Conclusion. Regional features of aeropalynological situation was revealed and pollen calendar of allergenic plants in Samara was created.
Role of skin microbiome in epidermal barrier dysfunction and development of atopic dermatitis in high risk infants
Authors: Migacheva N B
Published: June 2020

Background. Colonization of skin with S. aureus in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients is a widespread phenomenon and a factor complicating the course of the disease. At present, it is not quite clear the role of S. aureus in the development of AD in children at risk. The aim of our study was to discribe the skin microbiome composition in young children at risk, as well as to investigate the role of S. aureus in skin barrier dysfunction and the development of AD. Material and methods. 12months follow-up study of 37 infants at risk has been performed. It included a general clinical examination, a microbiological investigation of skin microbiome (at 1 and 6 months), and investigation of epidermal barrier function by determining the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Realization of AD during the observation period was considered as main outcome. Results. The prevalence of S. aureus colonization of infants aged 1 month was 45.9%, at the age of 6 months - 29.7%. Correlation analysis revealed an association between the skin colonization with S. aureus and a decrease of TEWL (p = 0.004), as well as the cumulative incidence of AD (p
Foundation-level Gulf Arab Student Response to Self-Access Learning
Authors: Malcolm Diane , Majed Mohamed
Published: June 2020

This article describes the role of the self-access centre at Arabian Gulf University (AGU) in helping low proficiency students in our foundation year achieve the skills in English they will need to succeed in our medical college. Students’ previous training and expectations are described as well as some of the practices developed at AGU to monitor and encourage student participation in the centre. While students have generally responded well to their self-access work in our facility and endorse its role in developing their skills, they have also highlighted some areas for improvement. Although our centre is small and serves a specialized group of learners, some of the issues we face may be similar to those experienced by others in different settings and some of the solutions we have tried to find may be of interest.
Promoting Independent Language Learning Cross-Campus at the University of Leeds through a Self-Access Area
Authors: Schneider Carolin
Published: June 2020

The Language Centre at the University of Leeds concentrates on the full range of language training and preparation courses, both for pre-sessional and for current university students. These courses relate both to the learning of English and of foreign languages.

The Self-Access Area constitutes the Language Centre’s resource library for language learning materials and supports learners on Language Centre and other modern language courses, as well as independent language learners from across the university. Catering for approximately 11,000 users, the Self-Access Area opens, on average, for 46 hours per week, with evening and Saturday opening times during term time and exam weeks. Among the services that the Self-Access Area provides are a wide range of language learning resources in print and various audiovisual formats, induction tours, an up-to-date online library catalogue and a social media presence. As part of the Language Centre, the Self-Access Area team is connected with staff and students across the university. The service also offers a range of opportunities which encourage human interaction both amongst language learners and between learners and specialists. It also acts as a flexible social and study space.