bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance Training in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Improves Uric Acid Levels
Authors: R. Sousa Moisés S.S. , Saavedra Francisco J.F. , Neto Gabriel R. , Novaes Giovanni S. , Souza Antonio C. R. , Salerno Verônica P. , Novaes Jefferson S.
Published: February 2015

Resistance training (RT) can provide several benefits for individuals with Type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on the strength levels and uric acid (UA) concentration in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. The study included 68 patients (57.7±9.0 years) that participated in an organized program of RT for 12 weeks. The volunteers were divided into two groups: an experimental group (EG; n=34) that performed the resistance training program consisting of seven exercises executed in an alternating order based on segments; and a control group (CG; n=34) that maintained their normal daily life activities. Muscle strength and uric acid were measured both pre- and post-experiment. The results showed a significant increase in strength of the subjects in the EG for all exercises included in the study (p<0.001). Comparing the strength levels of the post-test, intergroup differences were found in supine sitting (p<0.001), leg extension (p<0.001), shoulder press (p<0.001), leg curl (p=0.001), seated row (p<0.001), leg press (p=0.001) and high pulley (p<0.001). The measured uric acid was significantly increased in both experimental and control groups (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). The intergroup comparison showed a significant increase for the EG (p=0.024). We conclude that the training program was effective for strength gains despite an increase in uric acid in Type 2 diabetics.
The Effect of a Long-Term, Community-Based Exercise Program on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bello Marieni , Sousa Maria Cirilo , Neto Gabriel , Oliveira Leonardo , Guerras Ialuska , Mendes Romeu , Sousa Nelson
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a community-based exercise program on bone mineral density and body composition in postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Twenty postmenopausal women (aged 61.3 ± 6.0 years) with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to a community-based exercise program group (n=10) or a control group (n=10). The community-based exercise program was multicomponent, three days per week for 32 weeks, and included walking, resistance and aquatic exercises. Body composition and bone mineral density were measured pre and post-training by dual X-ray absorptiometry. In the exercise group significant increases were found in the ward’s triangle bone mineral density (+7.8%, p=0.043), and in fat-free mass (+2.4%, p=0.018). The findings suggest that regular multicomponent training is effective in preventing osteoporosis and sarcopenia among postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
The Effects of Different Exercise Programmes on Female Body Composition
Authors: Soares Costa de Mendonça Rosa Maria , Targino de Araújo Júnior Adenilson , Cirilo de Sousa Maria do Socorro , Fernandes Helder Miguel
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of 16 weeks of practicing different exercise programmes on body composition. This is an exploratory and descriptive study of 89 women aged 25 to 55 years (41.42 ± 9.23 years). The subjects were randomly divided into three experimental groups (EG): practitioners of strength training (SG), dance (DG), hydrogymnastics (HG), and a control group (CG) with sedentary women. Measurements of body mass and height, circumferences of the chest, waist, abdomen, hips, thighs, calves, and skinfolds of the triceps, suprailiac and thigh were registered in three different moments: prior to the commencement of the training program, again after 8 weeks of training, and finally after 16 weeks of training. Body density was estimated by using the trifold protocol by Jackson, Pollock and Ward. The ANOVA and deltas of change (Δ%) were used for data analysis. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The effects of greater statistical significance on body composition related the variables "time", "group" and the interaction between the two (time x group) were observed for the percentage of fat - F% (F (1.79, 152.52) = 24.59, p <0.001, η 2 = 0.22), fat mass - FM (F (1.75, 149.01) = 12.65, p <0.001, η 2 = 0.13) and lean mass - LM (F (1.77, 150.66) = 47.38, p <0.001, η 2 = 0.36). The HG and SG were more beneficial in reducing F%. It was observed that the EG indicated healthier anthropometric aspects compared to the CG, regardless of the type of exercise programmes practiced. The time factor was more representative over the effects of exercise on anthropometric dimensions.
Nutritional Status Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-School Children in the City of Montes Claros - Mg, Brazil
Authors: Cruz Igor Raineh Durães , Mourão Daniella Mota , Freitas Daniel Antunes , Souza Andrey George Silva , Pereira Alessandra Ribeiro , Aidar Felipe José , Carneiro André Luiz Gomes
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between nutritional status and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in middle-school students in the city of Montes Claros - MG. The sample consisted of 382 students, aged 10-16 years. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Body Mass Index (BMI). Metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined as the presence of two or more criteria in accordance with definition of the International Diabetes Federation. The overall prevalence of MS was 7.9%. 9.7% of students with MS were overweight and 72.4% were obese. Therefore, it can be inferred that carrying excess weight considerably increases the chances for a child to develop MS, and concomitantly increases the child’s risk for developing cardiovascular disease.
Relationship of Different Perceived Exertion Scales in Walking or Running with Self-Selected and Imposed Intensity
Authors: Dias Marcelo Ricardo Cabral , Simão Roberto , Machado Geraldo Heleno Ribeiro , Furtado Hélio , Sousa Nelson Fortuna , Fernandes Helder Miguel , Saavedra Francisco José Félix
Published: February 2015

The aims of this study were to: (1) compare the Heart Rate (HR) and Rating Perceived Exertion (RPE) in training with self-selected and imposed loads, and (2) associate the OMNI-Walk/Run and Borg scales with self-selected and imposed loads, both on a treadmill. Ten trained men (20.3 ± 2.0 years, 75.6 ± 9.8 kg, 175.1 ± 5.1 cm) participated in a training program with self-selected load (time and speed individually preferred) and another with imposed load (even self-selected time and speed 10% higher). The HR and RPE were measured, every minute of training, by the OMNIWalk/ Run and Borg scales. No significant differences were found in the HR and RPE between training sessions. The correlation between the OMNI-Walk/Run and Borg scales showed a moderate association (r = 0.55) in training with self-selected load and a strong association in imposed load (r = 0.79). In this study, self-selected load induced a suboptimal stimulus to elicit favorable organic adaptations. Moreover, high correlation of OMNI Walk/Run and Borg scales with the imposed load showed that the greater the load of training the best were answers of RPE.
Gender’s Effect on a School-Based Intervention in the Prepubertal Growth Spurt
Authors: Marta Carlos , Marinho Daniel , Casanova Natalina , Fonseca Teresa , Vila-Chã Carolina , Jorge Bernardete , Izquierdo Mikel , Esteves Dulce , Marques Mário
Published: February 2015

Children aged 10-11 years pass through a dynamic developmental period marked by rapid changes in body size, shape, and composition, all of which are sexually dimorphic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of gender on a school-based intervention in the prepubertal growth spurt. One hundred twenty-five healthy children (58 boys, 67 girls), fifth and sixth grade students from an urban public elementary school in Portugal (10.8 ± 0.4 years), were randomly assigned into two experimental groups: a strength training group (19 boys, 22 girls), and an endurance training group (21 boys, 24 girls); and a control group (18 boys, 21 girls; no training program). Training program for the two experimental groups was conducted twice a week for 8 weeks. Compared with the values at the beginning of the protocol, both strength and endurance training programs produced significant improvements (p< 0.05) in vertical and horizontal jumps, a 1 kg and 3 kg medicine ball throw, a 20 m sprint and VO2max, for both boys and girls. No significant changes were observed related to gender in training-induced strength (p> 0.05, ƞ_p^2= 0.16, Power= 0.29) and aerobic (p> 0.05, ƞ_p^2= 0.05, Power= 0.28) capacity. The results of the present study should be taken into consideration in order to optimize strength training school-based programs.
Do 12-Week Yoga Program Influence Respiratory Function Of Elderly Women?
Authors: Bezerra Lídia Aguiar , Fabrício de Melo Helton , Garay Ana Paula , Reis Victor Machado , Aidar Felipe José , Bodas Ana Rita , Garrido Nuno Domingos , Jacó de Oliveira Ricardo
Published: February 2015

Aging produces several respiratory limitations and reduces tolerance to physical efforts, sometimes leading to pulmonary diseases in the elderly. The literature draws attention to the possible benefits of Yoga practice among the elderly, presenting evidence for significant improvements in quality of life. It was hypothesized that yoga practice can improve respiratory function in the elderly. The effects of a yoga program on pulmonary volumes and respiratory muscle strength were verified in 36 elderly women divided into a yoga group [YG] (63.1 ± 13.3 years of age) and a control group (61.0 ± 6.9 years of age). Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure (MIP and MEP) were assessed by a manovacuometer and tidal volume (VT), vital capacity (VC) and minute ventilation (VE) were measured by a ventilometer. The program comprised 65 min sessions, 3 times/week during 12 weeks. The heart rate and respiratory rate decreased significantly in the YG (76-39 ± 8-03 vs. 74-61±10.26 bpm and 18.61 ± 3.15 vs. 16.72 ± 3.12 resp/min, respectively). In the YG, VT and VE increased significantly (0.55 ± 0.22 vs. 0.64 ± 0.2 ml and 9.19 ± 2.39 vs. 10.05 ± 2.11 ml, respectively), as well as VC (1.48 ± 0.45 vs. 2.03 ± 0.72 ml). Improvements were also found in MIP and MEP in the YG (62.17 ± 14.77 vs. 73.06 ± 20.16 cmH2O and 80.56 ± 23.94 vs. 86.39 ± 20.16 cmH2O, respectively). It was concluded that a 12-week yoga program significantly improves pulmonary function of aged women.
Physiological Responses Associated with Nordic-Walking Training in Systolic Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Latosik Ewelina , Zubrzycki Igor Z. , Ossowski Zbigniew , Bojke Olgierd , Clarke Anna , Wiacek Magdalena , Trabka Bartosz
Published: February 2015

Loss of physical strength and hypertension are among the most pronounced detrimental factors accompanying aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a supervised 8-week Nordic-walking training program on systolic blood pressure in systolic-hypertensive postmenopausal women. This study was a randomized control trial on a sample of 24 subjects who did not take any hypertension medications. There was a statistically significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and an increase in lower and upper-body strength in the group following Nordic-walking training. There was a decrease in serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density cholesterol. The obtained results indicate that an 8-week Nordic-walking program may be efficiently employed for counteracting systolic hypertension through a direct abatement of systolic blood pressure and an increase of maximal aerobic capacity.
Race Differences: Use of Walking Speed to Identify Community-Dwelling Women at Risk for Poor Health Outcomes—Osteoarthritis Initiative Study
Authors: Kirkness Carmen S. , Ren Jinma
Published: February 2015

Background

Onset of disability, risk for future falls, frailty, functional decline, and mortality are strongly associated with a walking speed of less than 1.0 m/s.

Objective

The study objective was to determine whether there were differences in slow walking speed (<1.0 m/s) between community-dwelling African American and white American adult women with osteoarthritis symptoms. An additional aim was to examine whether racial differences in walking speed can be attributed to age, obesity, socioeconomic factors, disease severity, or comorbidities.

Design

A cross-sectional design was used.

Methods

Community-dwelling adults were recruited from Baltimore, Maryland; Columbus, Ohio; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Participants were 2,648 women (23% African American) who were 45 to 79 years of age and had a self-selected baseline walking speed of 20 m/s in the Osteoarthritis Initiative Study. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to examine racial differences in walking speed (<1.0 m/s versus ≥1.0 m/s), with adjustments for demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, disease severity, and comorbidities.

Results

Walking speed was significantly slower for African American women than for white American women (mean walking speed=1.19 and 1.33 m/s, respectively). The prevalence of a walking speed of less than 1.0 m/s in this cohort of middle-aged women was 9%; about 50% of the women with a walking speed of less than 1.0 m/s were younger than 65 years. Women with a walking speed of less than 1.0 m/s had lower values for socioeconomic factors, higher values for disease severity, and higher prevalences of obesity and comorbidities than those with a walking speed of ≥1.0 m/s. After controlling for these covariates, it was found that African American women were 3 times (odds ratio=2.9; 95% confidence interval=2.0, 4.1) more likely to have a walking speed of less than 1.0 m/s than white American women.

Limitations

The study design made it impossible to know whether a walking speed of less than 1.0 m/s in women who were 45 years of age or older was a predictor of future poor health outcomes.

Conclusions

In this study, race was independently associated with a walking speed of less than 1.0 m/s in community-dwelling women who had or were at risk for osteoarthritis, with African American women having 3 times the risk for slow walking as white American women. This finding suggests that middle-aged African American women have an increased risk for poor health outcomes. Further longitudinal evaluations are needed to confirm the long-term health outcomes in a middle-aged population and to establish walking speed as a useful tool for identifying middle-aged women at high risk for poor health outcomes.
C-5 palsy after cerebrospinal fluid diversion in posttraumatic syringomyelia: case report
Authors: Ghobrial George M. , Beygi Sara , Viereck Matthew J. , Heller Joshua E. , Sharan Ashwini , Jallo Jack , Harrop James S. , Prasad Srinivas
Published: February 2015

Syringomyelia is a potentially debilitating disease that involves abnormal CSF flow mechanics; its incidence after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is approximately 15%. Treatment consists of restoration of CSF flow, typically via arachnoidolysis and syrinx decompression. The authors present a case of pronounced syringomyelia in a patient with concomitant severe cervical myelomalacia to demonstrate unilateral C-5 palsy as a potential complication of aggressive syrinx decompression at a remote level.

A 56-year-old man with a remote history of SCI at T-11 (ASIA [American Spinal Injury Association] Grade A) presented with complaints of ascending motor and sensory weakness into the bilateral upper extremities that had progressed over 1 year. MRI demonstrated severe distortion of the spinal cord at the prior injury level of T10–11, where an old anterior column injury and prior hook-rod construct was visualized. Of note, the patient had a holocord syrinx with demonstrable myelomalacia. To restore CSF flow and decompress the spinal cord, T-2 and T-3 laminectomies, followed by arachnoidolysis and syringopleural shunt placement, were performed. Postoperatively on Day 1, with the exception of a unilateral deltoid palsy, the patient had immediate improvement in upper-extremity strength and myelopathy. He was discharged from the hospital on postoperative Day 5; however, at his 2-week follow-up visit, a persistent unilateral deltoid palsy was noted. MRI demonstrated a significant reduction in the holocord syrinx, no neural foraminal stenosis, and a significant positional shift of the ventral spinal cord. Further motor recovery was noted at the 8-month follow-up.

Syringomyelia is a debilitating disease arising most often as a result of traumatic SCI. In the setting of myelomalacia with a pronounced syrinx, C-5 palsy is a potential complication of syrinx decompression.
Surgical outcomes of long spinal fusions for scoliosis in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mesfin Addisu , El Dafrawy Mostafa H. , Jain Amit , Hassanzadeh Hamid , Kostuik John P. , Lemma Mesfin A. , Kebaish Khaled M.
Published: February 2015

OBJECT

In this study, the authors compared outcomes and complications in patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who underwent surgery for spinal deformity.

METHODS

The authors searched the Johns Hopkins University database for patients with RA (Group RA) and without RA (Group NoRA) who underwent long spinal fusion for scoliosis by 3 surgeons at 1 institution from 2000 through 2012. Groups RA and NoRA each had 14 patients who were well matched with regard to sex (13 women/1 man and 12 women/2 men, respectively), age (mean 66.3 years [range 40.5–81.9 years] and 67.6 years [range 51–81 years]), follow-up duration (mean 35.4 months [range 1–87 months] and 44 months [range 24–51 months]), and number of primary (8 and 8) and revision (6 and 6) surgeries. Surgical outcomes, invasiveness scores, and complications were compared between the groups using the nonpaired Student t-test (p < 0.05).

RESULTS

For Groups RA and NoRA, there were no significant differences in the average number of levels fused (10.6 [range 9–17] vs 10.3 [range 7–17], respectively; p = 0.4), the average estimated blood loss (2892 ml [range 1300–5000 ml] vs 3100 ml [range 1700–5200 ml]; p = 0.73), or the average invasiveness score (35.5 [range 21–51] vs 34.5 [range 23–58]; p = 0.8). However, in Group RA, the number of major complications was significantly higher (23 vs 11; p < 0.001), the number of secondary procedures was significantly higher (14 vs 6; p < 0.001), and the number of minor complications was significantly lower (4 vs 12; p < 0.001) than those in Group NoRA.

CONCLUSIONS

Long spinal fusion in patients with RA is associated with higher rates of major complications and secondary procedures than in patients without RA.
Tumor pseudoprogression of spinal metastasis after radiosurgery: a novel concept and case reports
Authors: Taylor Douglas R. , Weaver Jason A.
Published: February 2015

Radiosurgery for primary and metastatic tumors of the central nervous system is increasing in utility and intensity. Known complications in the brain include radiation necrosis and the well-documented phenomenon of pseudoprogression. Known complications of radiosurgery to spinal column tumors include radiation myelopathy and delayed vertebral compression fractures; however, the concept of pseudoprogression of spinal column tumors has not been previously described. The authors review 2 cases of spinal metastasis treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and attempt to define the concept of spine tumor pseudoprogression.

Two patients who had undergone SRS to the spine for metastatic disease presented in early follow-up (3 and 7 weeks) with symptomatic complaints consisting of axial pain, radicular pain, or evidence of cord compression. In both patients, MRI revealed evidence of tumor enlargement. In one patient, the lesion had grown by 9 mm and 7.7 mm in the axial and sagittal planes, respectively. In the other patient, the tumor growth resulted in a 5-mm decrease in spinal canal diameter with epidural compression and right foraminal encroachment. Because of the absence of progressive neurological deficit, myelopathy, mechanical symptomatology of instability, or vertebral compression fracture, the first patient was treated expectantly with a corticosteroid taper and had improvement of symptoms at 1 month and near-total radiographic resolution of the tumor. In the second patient, worsening symptoms suggested a need for surgical intervention to address presumed radiosurgical failure and tumor progression. During surgery, only necrotic tumor cells were observed, without viable tumor. Follow-up imaging over 1 year showed ongoing local control.

To their knowledge, the authors report the first description of pseudoprogression involving spinal column metastasis in the literature and aim to alert the treating physician to this clinical situation. Unlike brain tumor pseudoprogression, spine tumor pseudoprogression is a relatively early posttreatment phenomenon, measured in days to 2 months. The authors believe that the acute inflammatory response associated with tumor necrosis and disruption of the tumor capillary integrity caused by radiotherapy is an important component in the development of pseudoprogression. Future studies will be fundamental in assigning clinical significance, defining the incidence and predictors, and affecting future management of this phenomenon.
Prostate cancer with perineural spread and dural extension causing bilateral lumbosacral plexopathy: case report
Authors: Capek Stepan , Howe Benjamin M. , Tracy Jennifer A. , García Joaquín J. , Amrami Kimberly K. , Spinner Robert J.
Published: February 2015

Perineural tumor spread in prostate cancer is emerging as a mechanism to explain select cases of neurological dysfunction and as a cause of morbidity and tumor recurrence. Perineural spread has been shown to extend from the prostate bed to the lumbosacral plexus and then distally to the sciatic nerve or proximally to the sacral and lumbar nerves and even intradurally. The authors present a case of a bilateral neoplastic lumbosacral plexopathy that can be explained anatomically as an extension of the same process: from one lumbosacral plexus to the contralateral one utilizing the dural sac as a bridge between the opposite sacral nerve roots. Their theory is supported by sequential progression of symptoms and findings on clinical examinations as well as high-resolution imaging (MRI and PET/CT scans). The neoplastic nature of the process was confirmed by a sciatic nerve fascicular biopsy. The authors believe that transmedian dural spread allows continuity of a neoplastic process from one side of the body to the other.
Cranial neurosurgical 30-day readmissions by clinical indication
Authors: Moghavem Nuriel , Morrison Doug , Ratliff John K. , Hernandez-Boussard Tina
Published: February 2015

OBJECT

Postsurgical readmissions are common and vary by procedure. They are significant drivers of increased expenditures in the health care system. Reducing readmissions is a national priority that has summoned significant effort and resources. Before the impact of quality improvement efforts can be measured, baseline procedure-related 30-day all-cause readmission rates are needed. The objects of this study were to determine population-level, 30-day, all-cause readmission rates for cranial neurosurgery and identify factors associated with readmission.

METHODS

The authors identified patient discharge records for cranial neurosurgery and their 30-day all-cause readmissions using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) State Inpatient Databases for California, Florida, and New York. Patients were categorized into 4 groups representing procedure indication based on ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes. Logistic regression models were developed to identify patient characteristics associated with readmissions. The main outcome measure was unplanned inpatient admission within 30 days of discharge.

RESULTS

A total of 43,356 patients underwent cranial neurosurgery for neoplasm (44.23%), seizure (2.80%), vascular conditions (26.04%), and trauma (26.93%). Inpatient mortality was highest for vascular admissions (19.30%) and lowest for neoplasm admissions (1.87%; p < 0.001). Thirty-day readmissions were 17.27% for the neoplasm group, 13.89% for the seizure group, 23.89% for the vascular group, and 19.82% for the trauma group (p < 0.001). Significant predictors of 30-day readmission for neoplasm were Medicaid payer (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.15–1.54) and fluid/electrolyte disorder (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.29–1.62); for seizure, male sex (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.17–2.60) and index admission through the emergency department (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.45–3.43); for vascular, Medicare payer (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.39) and renal failure (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.29–1.80); and for trauma, congestive heart failure (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.16–1.80) and coagulopathy (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.25–1.84). Many readmissions had primary diagnoses identified by the AHRQ as potentially preventable.

CONCLUSIONS

The frequency of 30-day readmission rates for patients undergoing cranial neurosurgery varied by diagnosis between 14% and 24%. Important patient characteristics and comorbidities that were associated with an increased readmission risk were identified. Some hospital-level characteristics appeared to be associated with a decreased readmission risk. These baseline readmission rates can be used to inform future efforts in quality improvement and readmission reduction.
Current surgical results with low-grade brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Potts Matthew B. , Lau Darryl , Abla Adib A. , Kim Helen , Young William L. , Lawton Michael T.
Published: February 2015

OBJECT

Resection is an appealing therapy for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) because of its high cure rate, low complication rate, and immediacy, and has become the first-line therapy for many AVMs. To clarify safety, efficacy, and outcomes associated with AVM resection in the aftermath of A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain AVMs (ARUBA), the authors reviewed their experience with low-grade AVMs—the most favorable AVMs for surgery and the ones most likely to have been selected for treatment outside of ARUBA's randomization process.

METHODS

A prospective AVM registry was searched to identify patients with Spetzler-Martin Grade I and II AVMs treated using resection during a 16-year period.

RESULTS

Of the 232 surgical patients included, 120 (52%) presented with hemorrhage, 33% had Spetzler-Martin Grade I, and 67% had Grade II AVMs. Overall, 99 patients (43%) underwent preoperative embolization, with unruptured AVMs embolized more often than ruptured AVMs. AVM resection was accomplished in all patients and confirmed angiographically in 218 patients (94%). There were no deaths among patients with unruptured AVMs. Good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0–1) were found in 78% of patients, with 97% improved or unchanged from their preoperative mRS scores. Patients with unruptured AVMs had better functional outcomes (91% good outcome vs 65% in the ruptured group, p = 0.0008), while relative outcomes were equivalent (98% improved/unchanged in patients with ruptured AVMs vs 96% in patients with unruptured AVMs).

CONCLUSIONS

Surgery should be regarded as the “gold standard” therapy for the majority of low-grade AVMs, utilizing conservative embolization as a preoperative adjunct. High surgical cure rates and excellent functional outcomes in patients with both ruptured and unruptured AVMs support a dominant surgical posture for low-grade AVMS, with radiosurgery reserved for risky AVMs in deep, inaccessible, and highly eloquent locations. Despite the technological advances in endovascular and radiosurgical therapy, surgery still offers the best cure rate, lowest risk profile, and greatest protection against hemorrhage for low-grade AVMs. ARUBA results are influenced by a low randomization rate, bias toward nonsurgical therapies, a shortage of surgical expertise, a lower rate of complete AVM obliteration, a higher rate of delayed hemorrhage, and short study duration. Another randomized trial is needed to reestablish the role of surgery in unruptured AVM management.
Improvement of In vitro release of Glibenclamide using Cyclodextrin inclusion complexation
Authors: Prasad Neelkant , Garud Navneet , Garud Akanksha
Published: February 2015

The present study aimed to improve the aqueous solubility of the oral hypoglycemic agent, glibenclamide (GLI), so as to improve its oral absorption, and hence bioavailability after oral administration. This was accomplished by complex formation between GLI and ?-cyclodextrin (?-CD). The study involves the preparation of the inclusion complexes using different techniques. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and XRay Diffractometry (XRD) results confirmed the complex formation between GLI and ?-CD. The solubility increase of GLI was due to 1:1 complex formation. The dissolution rate of GLI from the complex prepared by neutralization method was more rapid as compared to other methods used. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21855 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 15-21, 2014 (June)
An expeditious synthesis of 6-Amido-(1H,3H)-Pyrimidine- 2,4-Diones from Uracil-6-Carboxylic Acid
Authors: Khan Md Wahab , Haque Md Enamul , Ahmed Md Faiaz
Published: February 2015

2,4-Dichloro pyrimidine-6-carbonylchloride (2) was synthesized by refluxing uracil-6-carboxylic acid (orotic acid) with phosphorus oxychloride and phosphorus pentachloride. Compound (2) underwent a smooth coupling reaction with a number of substituted arylamines to yield 2, 4-dichloro-6-amidopyrimidines (8-12) which were converted to the corresponding 2, 4-dimethoxy-6-amidopyrimidines (13-17) on treatment with sodium methoxide in methanol. Compounds 13-17 afforded 6-amido-(1H, 3H)-pyrimidine-2, 4-diones (18-22) in good yield on refluxing with 6 M hydrochloric acid. These pyrimidinone derivatives may exhibit antiviral actitities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21856 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 23-29, 2014 (June)
Development and validation of HPLC method for simultaneous determination of Gliclazide and Enalapril maleate in tablet dosage form
Authors: Al Mahmud Md Abdullah , Bhadra Subrata , Haque Afroza , Al Mamun Md Elias , Haider Syed Shabbir
Published: February 2015

This paper describes a simple, sensitive and selective high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the separation and determination of gliclazide (GLI) and enalapril (ENA) maleate simultaneously in tablet dosage forms. The chromatographic separation was performed on an ODS column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 ?m particle size) at 40 ± 0.5°C, with a mobile phase composed of phosphate buffer (pH 4.4), acetonitrile and methanol in the ratio of 45:40:15, (v/v/v). The flow rate was maintained at 1.5 ml/min, injected volume was 20 ?l and detection wavelength was 217 nm. The method was validated according to ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines and found to be linear over a range of 40-120 ?g/ml (R2 = 0.991) and 2.5-7.5 ?g/ml (R2 = 0.998) for gliclazide and enalapril maleate, respectively. The proposed method was applied successfully for the assay of these two drugs in their combined inhouse developed tablet formulations and could be applicable for routine quality control analysis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21859 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 51-56, 2014 (June)
Studies on Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of an Endophytic Fungi from Magnifera indica L.
Authors: Haque Mozammel , Shoeb Mohammad , Nahar Nilufar
Published: February 2015

Two compounds, ergosterol (1) and 4-hydroxy-hexadec-6-enoic acid methyl ester (2) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungal strain labeled as MI-3, isolated from the leave of Magnifera indica L. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by 1H NMR studies and comparing with published data. The crude ethyl acetate extract, three column fractions and ergosterol were tested for antimicrobial activity against five Gram-positive and eight Gram-negative bacteria and three fungi by disc diffusion method. The general toxicity and antioxidant activity of the parent extract, column fractions and ergosterol were also evaluated by using brine shrimp lethality assay and free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Low activities were observed in all cases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21862 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 63-67, 2014 (June)
Preparation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Venlafaxine HCl Microspheres
Authors: Mokale Vinod , Naik Jitendra , Wagh Pankaj , Khairnar Gokul
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate sustained release microsphere of Venlafaxine HCl (VF-HCl). It has many side effects with a half life around 5 hr. To reduce the adverse actions due to burst effect a sustained release (SR) Eudragit RS-100 microspheres embedded VF-HCl was formulated. The VF-HCl microspheres were prepared by oil in oil (O/O) solvent evaporation method. Drug and Polymer interaction for formulated SR Eudragit RS-100 microsphere embedded on VF-HCl was characterized by FT-IR and X-RD studie. The result showed that there is no interaction between the drug and polymer. Surface morphology of formulation carried out by FE-SEM  showed good spherical geometry and uniformity in size and shape. It can be concluded that the formulated VF-HCl microspheres using widely accepted O/O method and polymer were capable for exhibiting sustained release formulation with decreasing dosing frequency thereby minimizing the occurrence of side effects with improved bioavailability. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21867 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 83-91, 2014 (June)
Development and evaluation of colon targeted drug delivery system by using natural Polysaccharides/Polymers
Authors: Godge GR , Hiremath SN
Published: February 2015

Colon is being extensively investigated as a drug delivery site. This study contains comparison of the usual enteric coating polymers viz. xanthan gum, guar gum, chitosan and ethyl cellulose, as carriers for colon specific drug delivery. Lactose based metoprolol succinate tablets were prepared. These were coated with one of the coating polymers to a varying coat thickness. Tablets were prepared using polysaccharides or synthetic polymer as binders. These included xanthan gum, guar gum, chitosan and ethyl cellulose. Metoprolol Succinate was used as a model drug. The prepared tablets were enteric coated with kollicoat MAE 100 DP to give protection in the stomach. The coated tablets were tested in-vitro for their suitability as colon specific drug delivery systems. The drug release studies were carried out in simulated stomach environment (pH 1.2) for 2 h followed by small intestinal environment at pH 6.8. The dissolution data obtained from tablets demonstrates that the dissolution rate of the tablet is dependent upon the type and concentration of polysaccharide/polymer used as binder. The results demonstrate that enteric coated tablets containing 3% chitosan as a binder, showed only 12.5% drug release in the first 5 h, which is the usual upper gastrointestinal transit time, whereas, tablets prepared using guar gum as binder, were unable to protect drug release under similar conditions. Preparations with xanthan gum as a binder formed time-dependent release formulations. When used in a concentration of 5.92% in the tablets, 28% drug release was observed in the usual upper gastrointestinal tract conditions. It was also found that enteric coated preparation formulated with 8.88% of kollicoat MAE 100 DP as binder could be used to carry water insoluble drug molecules. The above study shows that chitosan could be successfully used as a binder, for colon targeting of water insoluble drugs in preference to guar gum when used in the same concentration. Additionally, formulations developed with chitosan and kollicoat MAE 100 DP would be highly site specific since drug release would be at a retarded rate till microbial degradation or polymer solubilization takes place in the colon. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21874 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 105-113, 2014 (June)
Alkaloid, Sterol and Triterpenoids from Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC
Authors: Ahmed Iftekhar , Islam Ridwan , Sikder Md Al Amin , Haque Mohammad Rashedul , Al Mansur Md Abdullah , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: February 2015

Four compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla. The structures of the isolated compounds were solved as epi-oleanolic acid (1), ?-amyrin (2), spinasterol (3) and arborinine (4) by extensive spectroscopic studies, including high field NMR analyses as well as co-TLC with authentic samples. This appeares to be the first report of their occurrence from Glycosmis species. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21887 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 115-118, 2014 (December)
Validation and Optimization of a Simple RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Paracetamol in Human Serum and its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study with Healthy Bangladeshi Male Volunteers
Authors: Tanam Anisa Alam , Khan Mohammad Firoz , Rashid Ridwan Bin , Sultan Md Zakir , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: February 2015

Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is an analgesic and antipyretic agent with minimum anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study a simple, fast, accurate, precise and reproducible RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the quantification of paracetamol in human serum samples using theophylline as internal standard. Protein precipitation with perchloric acid was employed in the extraction of paracetamol and theophylline from biological matrix. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on Phenomenex C18 column with a mobile phase comprising of 0.05 mM sodium sulfate buffer (pH 2.2 ± 0.02 adjusted with phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile at a ratio of 93:7 at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The chromatogram was monitored by UV detection at a wavelength of 254 nm. The method was validated over a linear concentration range of 2-100 ?g/ml and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1.61 ?g/ml with a correlation coefficient (r2) 0.997. The intra-day and inter-day precision expressed as relative standard deviation were found to be 0.49 - 2.68% and 0.36 - 3.44%, respectively. The average recovery of paracetamol from serum ranged from 99.0 - 106.4%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of immediate release paracetamol tablet (1000 mg) in four healthy Bangladeshi volunteers. The mean Cmax was found to be 11.03 ± 3.21 ?g/ml, which occurred at Tmax of 0.88 ± 0.14 hr. The half life, AUC0-8 and AUC0-? values were found to be 3.09 ± 0.71 hr, 31.06 ± 6.57 hr-?g/ml and 37.92 ± 9.51 hr- ?g/ml, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21889 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 125-131, 2014 (December)
Bioactivities of Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii and Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.
Authors: Yeasmin Zokhroof , Tanvir Sharif , Sharmin Tasnuva , Rashid Ridwan Bin , Sikder Md Al Amin , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: February 2015

The study was designed to evaluate the bioactivities of crude methanol extracts of leaves of Malvaviscus arboreus and Phyllanthus reticulatus along with their pet-ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble partitionates. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteau reagents using butylated hydroxytolune (BHT) and ascorbic acid as standards. In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the crude methanol extract of M. arboreus revealed the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values 6.47 ± 0.78 ?g/ml. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the chloroform soluble materials of M. arboreus displayed the highest cytotoxic potential having LC50 values 2.73 ± 0.36 ?g/ml, whereas the standard vincristine sulphate exhibited an LC50 value of 0.45 ?g/ml. In the thrombolytic activity assay, the pet-ether soluble fractions of M. arboreus and P. reticulatus revealed 55.60 ± 0.48 % and 18.99 ± 0.84% clot lysis, respectively. In the membrane stabilizing activity assay, the chloroform soluble fraction of M. arboreus inhibited heat- and hypotonic solution- induced haemolysis of RBCs by 54.60 ± 0.81 % and 66.96 ± 0.84 % as compared to 57.06 % and 72.79 % inhibition by acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/ml), respectively. On the other hand, the pet-ether soluble materials of crude methanol extract of P. reticulatus demonstrated 57.11 ± 0.57 % and 70.62 ± 0.22 % inhibition of heat- and hypotonic solution- induced hemolysis, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21892 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 143-147, 2014 (December)
Pharmacokinetics study of Pioglitazone (30 mg) tablets in healthy volunteers
Authors: Saha Sajal K , Chowdhury AK Azad , Bachar Sitesh C
Published: February 2015

Pioglitazone, an excellent insulin sensitizer, is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present investigation demonstrated a single dose pharmacokinetic study of pioglitazone tablet in 24 healthy male volunteers in a randomized protocol. Blood samples were collected before and 0.5 to 24.0 h after a single oral dose of a 30 mg pioglitazone tablet. Plasma pioglitazone level was determined using a validated method of reversed phase binary high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pharmacokinetic parameters determined were 1.117 ± 0.315 (?g/ml), 2.5 ± 0.735 (h), 9.014 ± 3.385 (?g.h/ml), 8.081 ± 3.407 (?g. h/ml), 1.315 ± 0.964 (h), 0.707 ± 1.636 (h-1), 0.078 ± 0.02 (h-1) and 8.884 ± 03.808 (h) for Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-?, AUC0-24, Ka, T1/2 (?), Kel, and T1/2(?), respectively. Variation of pioglitazone pharmacokinetic parameters in Bangladeshi population compared to Chinese, Thai and German population may indicate the polymorphic variation in the pioglitazone responsive metabolizing gene CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 in our population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21896 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 181-186, 2014 (December)
Preparation of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Cotton and its Evaluation as Direct Compressible Excipient in the Formulation of Naproxen Tablets
Authors: Setu Md Nurul Islam , Mia Md Yeunus , Lubna Nur Jaharat , Chowdhury Abu Asad
Published: February 2015

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis from the cellulose purified from the cotton. Chemical assay, determination of degree of polymerization (DP) and FT-IR confirm the identification of prepared microcrystalline cellulose. The FT-IR spectrum of synthesized MCC is very similar to that of Avicel® PH- 102, a commercial direct compression excipient, at consideration of both band position and intensity. The degree of polymerization (DP) of prepared MCC and Avicel PH102, determined from the value of intrinsic viscosity, were 210 and 240, respectively. The tableting properties of prepared MCC was excellent while formulating naproxen tablet. The hardness and friability of the tablets prepared from MCC was 5.33 ± 0.45 kg and 0.077%, respectively which were comparable to the tablets prepared from marketed Avicel PH102 having hardness and friability 7.35 ± 0.41 kg and 0.063%, respectively. The disintegration time of tablet prepared from MCC and Avicel PH102 was 8.25 ± 0.41 min and 4.50 ±0.28 min, respectively. Again, the tablets prepared from MCC and Avicel PH102 showed more than 90% and 98% dissolution, respectively as per the USP specified medium. All these data indicate that the hardness, friability, disintegration and dissolution properties of tablets prepared by using our MCC comply with the USP specifications. This makes the prepared MCC as a promising candidate for direct compressible excipient of tablet. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21899 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 187-192, 2014 (December)
Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Bacteria isolated from ICU patients with respiratory tract infections
Authors: Soma Layla Jafrin , Shahriar Mohammad , Narjish Syeda Najah , Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed
Published: February 2015

A total of 58 samples of respiratory tract infection (RTI) patients were collected from intensive care unit of three Dhaka based hospitals namely National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital (NIDCH), City Hospital (CH) and Japan Bangladesh Friendship Hospital (JBFH). Out of 58 samples studied, 47 (81.03%) samples showed growth of organisms identified as Staphylococcus aureus (n=24, 51.06%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=9, 19.15%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=7, 14.89%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=3, 6.38%), Escherichia coli (n=2, 4.26%), Citrobacter (n=1, 2.13%) and Shigella (n=1, 2.13%). Most of the isolates were found resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam. All the isolates of S. pneumoniae (n=3), P. aeruginosa (n=9), K. pneumoniae (n=7), E. coli (n=2), Citrobacter (n=1), and Shigella (n=1) showed 100% resistance to piperacillin. S. aureus showed 79.17% resistance to piperacillin. Most of the isolates were 100% sensitive to imipenem, whereas S. aureus was only 91.67% sensitive to it. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21900 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 193-197, 2014 (December)
Pharmacogenetics: an Emerging Therapeutic option for Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Maizbha Uddin
Published: February 2015

From socioeconomic point of view adverse drug reactions (ADRs) present a challenging and expensive public health problem worldwide. Most important factors involved in this life threatening events are false diagnosis, failure of treatment, lack of proper patient counseling, lack of knowledge regarding medication use and polypharmacy. Pharmacogenetic research explores genetic variability between patients to explain observed differences in effectiveness of a drug therapy as well as adverse event profile. Thus, pharmacogenetic testings could help to prevent treatment failure and adverse drug reaction in patients. It also allows the detection and prediction of ADRs and is a tool that can reduce the risks associated with ADRs. In this particular review we will discuss how genetic variation can influence drug response and how personalized medicine can be achieved as well as some recent pharmacogenetic works carried out in Bangladesh. The aim of this review is to increase awareness of the physicians and other health care practitioners and professionals about the variation of drug response due to genetic variation. This review can help the physicians to identify genetic factors associated with ADRs with all drugs and effectively incorporate pharmacogenetics into the practice of pharmacovigilance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21902 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 207-214, 2014 (December)
Antibacterial activity of the organic extracts of stem bark of Cinnamomum aromaticum nees
Authors: Hoque Md Anarul , Khatun Mst Afroza , Islam Rezuanul , Shekhar Hossain Uddin , Haque Md Enamul , Hasan AKM Mahbub
Published: February 2015

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21904 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 221-224, 2014 (December)