bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE LYMAN CONTINUUM ESCAPE FRACTION OF THE COSMIC HORSESHOE: A TEST OF INDIRECT ESTIMATES*

†
Authors: Vasei Kaveh , Siana Brian , Shapley Alice E. , Quider Anna M. , Alavi Anahita , Rafelski Marc , Steidel Charles C. , Pettini Max , Lewis Geraint F.
Published: October 2016

High-redshift star-forming galaxies are likely responsible for the reionization of the universe, yet direct detection of their escaping ionizing (Lyman continuum [LyC]) photons has proven to be extremely challenging. In this study, we search for escaping LyC of the Cosmic Horseshoe, a gravitationally lensed, star-forming galaxy at z = 2.38 with a large magnification of ∼24. Transmission at wavelengths of low-ionization interstellar absorption lines in the rest-frame ultraviolet suggests a patchy, partially transparent interstellar medium. This makes it an ideal candidate for direct detection of the LyC. We obtained a 10-orbit Hubble near-UV image using the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3)/UVIS F275W filter that probes wavelengths just below the Lyman limit at the redshift of the Horseshoe in an attempt to detect escaping LyC radiation. After fully accounting for the uncertainties in the opacity of the intergalactic medium (IGM) and accounting for the charge transfer inefficiency in the WFC3 CCDs, we find a

upper limit for the relative escape fraction of

. This value is a factor of five lower than the value (0.4) predicted by the 40% transmission in the low-ion absorption lines. Though possible, it is unlikely that the nondetection is due to a high-opacity line of sight through the IGM (

% chance). We discuss several possible causes for the discrepancy between the escape fraction and the covering fraction and consider the implications for future attempts at both direct LyC detection and indirect estimates of the escape fraction.
ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE INNER DISK RADIUS WITH FLUX IN THE NEUTRON STAR LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARY SERPENS X-1
Authors: Chiang Chia-Ying , Morgan Robert A. , Cackett Edward M. , Miller Jon M. , Bhattacharyya Sudip , Strohmayer Tod E.
Published: October 2016

We analyze the latest Suzaku observation of the bright neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binary Serpens X-1 taken in 2013 October and 2014 April. The observation was taken using the burst mode and only suffered mild pile-up effects. A broad iron line is clearly detected in the X-ray spectrum. We test different models and find that the iron line is asymmetric and best interpreted by relativistic reflection. The relativistically broadened iron line is generally believed to originate from the innermost regions of the accretion disk, where strong gravity causes a series of special and general relativistic effects. The iron line profile indicates an inner radius of ∼8 R
G, which gives an upper limit on the size of the NS. The asymmetric iron line has been observed in a number of previous observations, which gives several inner radius measurements at different flux states. We find that the inner radius of Serpens X-1 does not evolve significantly over the range of L/L
Edd ∼ 0.4–0.6, and the lack of flux dependence of the inner radius implies that the accretion disk may be truncated outside of the innermost stable circular orbit by the boundary layer, rather than the stellar magnetic field.
THE DETACHED ECLIPSING BINARY KV 29 AND THE AGE OF THE OPEN CLUSTER M11
Authors: Bavarsad Ernest A. , Sandquist Eric L. , Shetrone Matthew D. , Orosz Jerome A.
Published: October 2016

We present an extensive set of photometry and radial velocities for the detached eclipsing binary KV 29 in the intermediate-aged open cluster M11 (NGC 6705). Spectroscopy shows that the system is double lined, and all available evidence (proper motion, photometry, and position on the color–magnitude diagram) indicates that it is a member of the cluster. We find the period of the binary to be 4.64276 ± 0.00001 days. We find masses

and

and radii

and

for the primary and secondary stars, respectively. Because the primary star in the binary is rapidly evolving and is brighter than the cluster turnoff in a color–magnitude diagram, the measurement of its mass leads to a strong constraint on the cluster age. We find the age of M11 to be

Myr, where the quoted uncertainties come from statistical errors in the calculated masses and radii, and systematic uncertainties due to the ambiguity of the metallicity of the open cluster and variations within the isochrone models concerning heavy elements and convective overshooting.
A COMPARISON OF GALAXY COUNTING TECHNIQUES IN SPECTROSCOPICALLY UNDERSAMPLED REGIONS
Authors: Specian Mike A. , Szalay Alex S.
Published: October 2016

Accurate measures of galactic overdensities are invaluable for precision cosmology. Obtaining these measurements is complicated when members of one’s galaxy sample lack radial depths, most commonly derived via spectroscopic redshifts. In this paper, we utilize the Sloan Digital Sky Survey’s Main Galaxy Sample to compare seven methods of counting galaxies in cells when many of those galaxies lack redshifts. These methods fall into three categories: assigning galaxies discrete redshifts, scaling the numbers counted using regions’ spectroscopic completeness properties, and employing probabilistic techniques. We split spectroscopically undersampled regions into three types—those inside the spectroscopic footprint, those outside but adjacent to it, and those distant from it. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that the preferred counting techniques are a function of region type, cell size, and redshift. We conclude by reporting optimal counting strategies under a variety of conditions.
TWO ECLIPSING ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCES IN M51
Authors: Urquhart R. , Soria R.
Published: October 2016

We present the discovery, from archival Chandra and XMM-Newton data, of X-ray eclipses in two ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), located in the same region of the galaxy M51: CXOM51 J132940.0+471237 (ULX-1, for simplicity) and CXOM51 J132939.5+471244 (ULX-2). Three eclipses were detected for ULX-1 and two for ULX-2. The presence of eclipses puts strong constraints on the viewing angle, suggesting that both ULXs are seen almost edge-on and are certainly not beamed toward us. Despite the similar viewing angles and luminosities (

erg s−1 in the 0.3–8 keV band for both sources), their X-ray properties are different. ULX-1 has a soft spectrum, well fitted by Comptonization emission from a medium with electron temperature

. ULX-2 is harder, well fitted by a slim disk with

–1.8 keV and normalization consistent with a ∼10 M
⊙ black hole. ULX-1 has a significant contribution from multi-temperature thermal-plasma emission (

erg s−1). About 10% of this emission remains visible during the eclipses, proving that the emitting gas comes from a region slightly more extended than the size of the donor star. From the sequence and duration of the Chandra observations in and out of eclipse, we constrain the binary period of ULX-1 to be either

days, or ≈12.5–13 days. If the donor star fills its Roche lobe (a plausible assumption for ULXs), both cases require an evolved donor, most likely a blue supergiant, given the young age of the stellar population in that Galactic environment.
L’enfant de l’adultère et l’enfant à tout prix
Authors: Boudailliez Sylvie
Published: October 2016

Le désir d’enfant sous-tendu par un fantasme de vengeance, de règlement de compte et une stérilité psychosomatique, dont sont démêlés les cordonnées, et qui conduira à une démarche de fiv .
Les gangs de motards criminalisés : une menace internationale parfois négligée
Authors: Codron Étienne
Published: October 2016

Les Gangs de motards criminalisés (GMC) sont parfois considérés comme de simples groupes marginaux, un peu folkloriques et surtout bien éloignés du crime organisé. Cet article est destiné à montrer que ces GMC sont insérés au cœur de la criminalité transnationale, bénéficiant d’un réseau bien établi à travers le monde et ayant de bonnes relations (d’affaires...) avec des organisations criminelles plus classiques. Ces clubs criminels, dont le plus connu est sans nul doute le Hells Angels Motorcycle Club, savent s’implanter dans des lieux stratégiques pour développer leurs activités criminelles : stupéfiants, armes, trafic d’êtres humains. Voici un regard sur ces criminels en uniforme...
Fraude documentaire : explosion d’une criminalité transversale à la jonction de tous les trafics
Authors: Naudin Christophe
Published: October 2016

La criminalité identitaire est désormais l’une des infractions qui connaît la plus forte croissance mondiale. Elle s’appuie sur notre dispositif d’État-civil, aménagé dans la hâte depuis le XVI e siècle et imposé au reste du monde sans discernement. Tous les États occidentaux sont touchés par ce phénomène criminel, lequel déstabilise fortement le fonctionnement de la société. Une solution existe : copier la nature en revenant à l’identification animale. C’est la fameuse biométrie ou « mesure du vivant ».
De la guerre impensable à la guerre impensée
Authors: Danet Laurent
Published: October 2016

L’histoire civilo-militaire des États-Unis semble s’ouvrir actuellement sur une disjonction entre la réflexion et l’action militaire. La seconde dans les faits précéderait la première, au moment où la plus grande puissance mondiale paraît s’acheminer vers une attitude plus impériale. À cet égard, entre intérêt de proximité civilisationnelle et divergence de situation stratégique, quelle conduite la France doit-elle choisir ?
L’OTAN et la cyberdéfense
Authors: Garrigues Arnaud , Kempf Olivier
Published: October 2016

La cyberdéfense a été promue au rang des priorités de l’Alliance atlantique depuis l’adoption du concept stratégique, à Lisbonne, en 2010. Un centre de réaction aux crises (NCIRC) a été mis en place, des politiques adoptées et un centre d’excellence cyber anime la réflexion à Tallinn. Cet article expose les origines de l’intérêt de l’Alliance pour la cyberdéfense, le dispositif mis en œuvre aujourd’hui et analyse les atouts et les limites de ce dispositif au regard des compétences nationales.
Bitcoin : entre économie dangereuse et nouveaux « idéaux »
Authors: Mortier Stéphane
Published: October 2016

« Bitcoin » est une monnaie virtuelle, électronique, cryptographique disponible en « peer to peer », créée en 2009. Au vu de sa popularité grandissante, le taux de convertibilité de cette monnaie augmente et baisse de façon incontrôlée depuis quelques mois. « Bitcoin », échappant par sa nature à tout contrôle des autorités financières, pourrait devenir un objet de spéculation, un outil utile aux « systèmes d’économie dangereuse » mais aussi constituer le ferment de changements sociétaux d’ampleur. Controversée, elle a fait l’objet de plusieurs tentatives de déstabilisation.
Capitalizing on Military Nurse Skills for Second-Career Leadership and Staff Development Roles
Authors: Lake Donna M. , Allen Patricia E. , Armstrong Myrna L.
Published: October 2016

Nursing continues to face professional workforce and diversity shortage problems. This article advocates for examining an untapped resource—the consideration of applicants for nursing leadership and educational positions in civilian health care organizations. This untapped resource is highly qualified, already retired (or going to be separated) military nurse officers (MNOs) who possess extensive health care knowledge, as well as distinctive ethnicity and gender composition. Clinical educators, as part of the organizational leadership, can play an important role in assisting the MNO civilian position assimilation because they come from a structured and unique cultural environment. Several innovative preparatory strategies are proposed to highlight the organization's support and commitment regarding preselection, recruiting, hiring, and mentoring, including the use of a specific navigational mentor to achieve the necessary acquired cultural assimilation for the MNO's success, satisfaction, and retention.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2016;47(11):503–510.
Reconstruction Using Expandable Endoprostheses for Skeletally Immature Patients With Sarcoma
Authors: Decilveo Alexander P. , Szczech Bartlomiej W. , Topfer Jacob , Wittig James C.
Published: October 2016

Expandable endoprostheses have become an acceptable modality to address the issue of limb-length inequality in limb-sparing procedures for skeletally immature patients afflicted with lower extremity bone sarcomas. This study retrospectively analyzed postoperative outcomes and complications for 7 patients (8 limbs) who underwent minimally invasive or noninvasive reconstruction during a 12-year period. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores and complication rates were reported. Mean functional outcome (MSTS scores) at final follow-up was 93.3%. Functional outcomes for the noninvasive and minimally invasive expandable prostheses were 97% and 85%, respectively. Complications included temporary peroneal nerve palsy (2 limbs), infection (2 limbs), prosthesis revision (3 limbs), stiffness (3 limbs), and wound healing problems (3 limbs). None of the patients required amputation. Both minimally and noninvasive expandable prostheses appear to be safe and reliable means of reconstruction that permit limb salvage in skeletally immature patients and provide good functional results considering the alternative is above-knee amputation or hip disarticulation. Although complications are frequent (range, 13%–38%), they often can be managed successfully without amputation, thus providing a good quality of life and functional limb. The noninvasive prosthesis may prove to be a more attractive option by potentially negating additional surgeries and reducing infection rates; however, the short-term experience with this prosthesis warrants further investigations with more patients and longer follow-up. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(1):e157–e163.]
The Present and Future for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Panagopoulos Georgios N. , Megaloikonomos Panayiotis D. , Mavrogenis Andreas F.
Published: October 2016

Peripheral nerve injury can have a potentially devastating impact on a patient's quality of life, resulting in severe disability with substantial social and personal cost. Refined microsurgical techniques, advances in peripheral nerve topography, and a better understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular basis of nerve injury have all led to a decisive leap forward in the field of translational neurophysiology. Nerve repair, nerve grafting, and nerve transfers have improved significantly with consistently better functional outcomes. Direct nerve repair with epineural microsutures is still the surgical treatment of choice when a tension-free coaptation in a well-vascularized bed can be achieved. In the presence of a significant gap (>2–3 cm) between the proximal and distal nerve stumps, primary end-to-end nerve repair often is not possible; in these cases, nerve grafting is the treatment of choice. Indications for nerve transfer include brachial plexus injuries, especially avulsion type, with long distance from target motor end plates, delayed presentation, segmental loss of nerve function, and broad zone of injury with dense scarring. Current experimental research in peripheral nerve regeneration aims to accelerate the process of regeneration using pharmacologic agents, bioengineering of sophisticated nerve conduits, pluripotent stem cells, and gene therapy. Several small molecules, peptides, hormones, neurotoxins, and growth factors have been studied to improve and accelerate nerve repair and regeneration by reducing neuronal death and promoting axonal outgrowth. Targeting specific steps in molecular pathways also allows for purposeful pharmacologic intervention, potentially leading to a better functional recovery after nerve injury. This article summarizes the principles of nerve repair and the current concepts of peripheral nerve regeneration research, as well as future perspectives. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(1):e141–e156.]
Joint Education Fosters Collaboration and Role Clarity Between Practical and Degree Nursing Students
Authors: Limoges Jacqueline M. , Jagos Kim
Published: October 2016

Background:

Tensions and hierarchies among nurses who have different educational preparations can hinder effective communication and collaborative practices.

Method:

A 2-year longitudinal cohort study involving 214 participants explored the influences of joint education on Canadian Practical Nursing (PN) and Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BScN) students.

Results:

Joint education helps students dismantle unhelpful power relations, address myths and misconceptions about the other, and develop respect for each other's contributions to patient care.

Conclusion:

Joint education enhances collaboration between nursing designations by placing a focus on the actual knowledge, skill, and judgment rather than on the hierarchies established through credentialing. Joint education also assists students to see overlap in scope of practice and points of intersection requiring collaboration. This understanding promotes safe patient-focused care. Contextualizing the findings within broader discourses, such as the professions, institutions, regulating organizations, and sociopolitical relations within nursing, exposes future possibilities within nursing education. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(11):623–630.]
Applications of VoiceThread
©
Technology in Graduate Nursing Education
Authors: Donnelly Mary K. , Kverno Karan S. , Belcher Anne E. , Ledebur Lindsay R. , Gerson Linda D.
Published: October 2016

Background:

Online graduate courses provide opportunities for faculty to use technology and digital applications to enhance student learning and learning environments. In nursing education, as we become increasingly dependent on technology, it is important to ensure that both faculty and students add digital literacy to their repertoire of knowledge and skills. VoiceThread
©
, one type of Web-based digital application tool, allows students and faculty to verbally communicate and collaborate asynchronously.

Method:

This article discusses the use of VoiceThread technology in graduate nursing education and offers four examples of VoiceThread teaching methods: personal introductions, issues discussions, case presentations, and the elevator speech.

Results:

Student participation in VoiceThread assignments is evaluated using leveled rubrics. A poll of the students in one of the graduate courses showed high overall satisfaction with VoiceThread in the online classroom.

Conclusion:

Strategies for effective use of VoiceThread technology to enhance student engagement and learning are recommended. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(11):655–658.]
Dual Intravitreal Injections With Foscarnet and Ganciclovir for Ganciclovir-Resistant Recurrent Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in a Congenitally Infected Infant
Authors: Boss Joseph D. , Rosenberg Kevin , Shah Rajiv
Published: October 2016

Resistant strains of cytomegalovirus can be difficult to treat in cases of congenital cytomegalovirus retinitis. The authors describe a case of recurrent bilateral congenital cytomegalovirus retinitis in an immunocompetent newborn with ganciclovir resistance successfully treated uniquely with dual therapy of intravenous ganciclovir and foscarnet and dual intravitreal injections with ganciclovir and foscarnet.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53:e58–e60.]
A Non Invasive Heart Rate Measurement System for Multiple People in the Presence of Motion and Varying Illumination
Authors: Nisar Humaira , Khan Muhammad Burhan , Yi Wong Ting , Ho Yeap Kim , Chun Lai Koon
Published: October 2016

A real time non-invasive heart rate (HR) measurement system for multiple people in an image has been proposed in this paper. The data has been gathered using a webcam with different distances with the subjects under varying illumination conditions. The effect of motion of the subjects on HR measurement is also observed. The data is gathered from the face and cheeks are selected as the region of interest (ROI). RGB color model is used for processing. Fast Fourier transform is used to detect the peak frequency after band pass filtering. The green channel of RGB color model gives best HR measurement. The minimum percentage error of 3.1% is achieved in the presence of slow movement and multiple persons at the relative distance of 100 cm.
Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets based Method for Multiple Criteria Decision-Making
Authors: Joshi Bhagawati Prasad
Published: October 2016

Due to the huge applications of fuzzy set theory, many generalizations were available in literature. Atanassov (1983) and Atanassov and Gargov (1989) introduced the notions of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFSs) respectively. It is observed that IFSs and IVIFSs are more suitable tools for dealing with imprecise information and very powerful in modeling real life problems. However, many researchers made efforts to rank IVIFSs due to its importance in fusion of information. In this paper, a new ranking method is introduced and studied for IVIFSs. The proposed method is compared and illustrated with other existing methods by numerical examples. Then, it is utilized to identify the best alternative in multiple criteria decision-making problems in which criterion values for alternatives are IVIFSs. On the basis of the developed approach, it would provide a powerful way to the decision-makers to make his or her decision under IVIFSs. The validity and applicability of the proposed method are illustrated with practical examples.
The Role of Service Level Agreements (SLAs) in Leveraging ICT in Tanzania
Authors: Mironge Veronica , Lupiana Dennis M.
Published: October 2016

Information Communication Technology (ICT) plays a significant role on enhancing service delivery and provision. To fully benefit from ICT, however, access to a reliable Internet connection is required. In Tanzania, like in many other countries, Internet connections are provided by Telecom companies where customers and providers enter in some sort of an agreement. This agreement is called Service Level Agreement (SLA). SLA specifies obligations of service providers and customers and hence it is a tool to ensure customers get value-for-money and hence they receive quality and reliable services. Thus, poor written or poor implementation of SLAs can have a potential impact on the use of ICT and subsequently to socio-economic developments. This article presents findings from a study conducted to assess the effectiveness of SLAs in Telecom industry in Tanzania. The study discusses findings from the study focusing on determining the roles SLAs plays on nurturing effort to take advantage of ICT in Tanzania.
An SMT-based Approach for Generating Coverage Oriented Metamodel Instances
Authors: Wu Hao
Published: October 2016

An effective technique for generating instances of a metamodel should quickly and automatically generate instances satisfying the metamodel's structural and OCL constraints. Ideally it should also produce quantitatively meaningful instances with respect to certain criteria, that is, instances which meet specified generic coverage criteria that help the modelers test or verify a metamodel at a general level. In this paper, the author presents an approach consisting of two techniques for coverage oriented metamodel instance generation. The first technique realises the standard coverage criteria defined for UML class diagrams, while the second technique focuses on generating instances satisfying graph-based criteria. With the author's approach, both kinds of criteria are translated to SMT formulas which are then investigated by an SMT solver. Each successful assignment is then interpreted as a metamodel instance that provably satisfies a coverage criteria or a graph property. The author has already integrated this approach into his existing tool to demonstrate the feasibility.
Should Open-Source Technology be used in Design Education?
Authors: Page Tom
Published: October 2016

There has been some argument as to the legitimacy of the use of open-source technology (OST) in product design and manufacturing. Much of this has focused on intellectual property rights of the designer in the use of open-source software (OSS) and open-source hardware (OSH). Furthermore, in design education the question as to whether product design and industrial design students should learn to use open-source technology has been widely asked. This research addresses this question and considers commercial and non-commercial applications of open-source technology. The research methods comprised interviews and questionnaire survey with practicing designers and design students. The findings were analysed and discussed in relation to the growth in the application of open-source technology in commercial and educational settings.
Open Source Developer Layer Assessment
Authors: Showole Aminat Abiola
Published: October 2016

Open Source developers play fundamental determinant role in the life of any open source project. This paper investigates developer motivation in contributing tirelessly to an open source project. Open source Onions were investigated and the developer layer modeled and validated based on ten case studies from SourceForge. Validation was based on Delphi's four rounds of successive stages. Results show that 62% of the developers around an open source development project community are skilled programmers, and that Open source developers are largely motivated by web based development platforms with universal programming language such as Java and that Developers are mostly attracted to the GPL licensed software development project with high project publicity as could be tracked from the hit rate on the project website. Finally, the few Core developers (Project Administrators) of about 19% actually controls and oversees the affairs carried out by about 81% of many developers showing the prominence of Pareto80/20 Principle in Open Source Project development.
Intellectual Property Regulation, and Software Piracy, a Predictive Model
Authors: D'Rosario Michael
Published: October 2016

In recent years, a number of studies have considered the impact of IPRs on software piracy, specifically TRIPS and more recently U.S. USTR 301 reporting, pursuant to the Trade Act. The work of Shadlen (2005) supports the assertion that a number of recent IPR reforms directly influence rates of copyright infringement. Shadlen (2005) is a significant study into the impact of the IPRs such as TRIPS, Out of Cycle reviews and USTR 301 reporting on software piracy. The study identified a number of key IPR reforms and sought to determine the impact of IPR reform differentials on observed piracy rates. The current study extends upon Shadlen (2005), comparing the pooled panel model framework to an alternative model of prediction, a backward propagation, multilayer perceptron network model. The analysis conducted herein focuses specifically on ASEAN member countries. The study employs the Garson (1991) and Goh (1995) methods of independent variable analysis to offer further insight into relative importance of the IPR reform variables.
Response of adult Colorado potato beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to water in the landscape
Authors: Boiteau Gilles , MacKinley Pamela
Published: October 2016

This laboratory study confirmed that the strategy of adult terrestrial Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say); Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) to survive the threat of drowning in water is based on avoidance of water crossings. It also showed that beetles at the surface of a body of water after failing to avoid it, long considered limited to passive floating and phoretic transport were in fact likely to rely on a complex fight or flee response. Beetles showed capacity to swim in a pattern similar to land foraging beetles. Beetles also tolerated submergence and walked underwater. These active behaviours should improve their probability of finding shore or refuge for longer survival. Results confirmed that Colorado potato beetles are likely to accumulate near water features in the potato agro-ecosystem landscape but suggest that successful crossings and colonisation of crops on the other side are more likely than previously expected. On a larger scale, new information provided by this study combined with our knowledge of dominant winds and currents should make it possible for future research to better predict the probability of surviving encounters with water and the orientation of invasive Colorado potato beetle colonisers dispersing at the surface of bodies of water.
Phenomenology of COPD: interpreting phenotypes with the ECLIPSE study
Authors: Papi Alberto , Magnoni Maria Sandra , Muzzio Carmelo Caio , Benso Gianmarco , Rizzi Andrea
Published: October 2016

The Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate End-points (ECLIPSE) study was a large 3-year observational multicentre international study aimed at defining COPD phenotypes and identifying biomarkers and/or genetic parameters that help to predict disease progression. The study has contributed to a better understanding of COPD heterogeneity, with the characterization of clinically important subtypes/phenotypes of patients, such as the frequent exacerbators or patient with persistent systemic inflammation, who may have different prognosis or treatment requirements. Because of the big amount of information that is starting to be produced from metabolomic, proteomic and genomic approaches, one of the biggest challenges is the integration of data in a biological prospective such as clinical prognosis and response to medicinal products. In this article we highlight some of the progress in phenotyping the heterogeneity of the disease that have been made thanks to the analyses of this longitudinal study.
The parable of the Feast (Lk 14:16b–23): Breaking down boundaries and discerning a theological–spatial justice agenda
Authors: Van Eck Ernest , Renkin Wayne , Ntakirutimana Ezekiel
Published: October 2016

The parable of the Feast (Lk 14:16b–23) is perhaps the example par excellence in the New Testament that addresses spatial justice and reconciliation. In the parable, Jesus advocates for the eradication of all boundaries linked to the social–economic status of the marginalised. The parable argues, from a social justice perspective, that there is no such thing as privileged space; priviliged space, on the contrary, builds boundaries. The reading of the parable presented critically engages with real-life experiences of marginalised people living on the periphery of the city and the boundaries that are created by megachurches in their close surroundings.
Vigilância e monitoramento de fluoretos em águas de abastecimento público: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Venturini Ceci Queluz , Narvai Paulo Capel , Manfredini Marco Antonio , Frazão Paulo
Published: October 2016

O fluoreto presente na água pode ser um fator de proteção ou de risco à dentição humana dependendo da sua concentração. O objetivo foi sumarizar as principais características metodológicas e os principais achados descritos em estudos sobre monitoramento da concentração de fluoreto em água de abastecimento público, que foram publicados em revistas científicas especializadas entre 2008 e 2012, examinando suas implicações para a vigilância em saúde pública. Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada buscando artigos nas bases de dados Embase, Lilacs e PubMed. Trinta e seis artigos foram incluídos: 28 das Américas, cinco da Ásia, dois da África e um da Europa. A variabilidade dos estudos quanto ao desenho e aos procedimentos metodológicos foi elevada. Embora tenha sido oferecida informação sobre a distribuição espaço-temporal das amostras, poucos trabalhos descreveram a população coberta pela fonte de abastecimento investigada. Quase metade dos estudos foi do tipo transversal e nenhuma medida de dispersão ou de variação foi associada ao valor médio. Predominou o uso do método eletrométrico e a classificação dicotômica do tipo adequado/inadequado e/ou acima/abaixo para avaliar os resultados. Menos da metade dos estudos esteve articulada à vigilância como ação do Estado, e um número ainda menor levantou hipóteses sobre possíveis fatores associados aos resultados encontrados. Há um espaço importante a ser diminuído entre os resultados dessas iniciativas e o uso das informações pelas autoridades de saúde pública e também para melhorar os procedimentos metodológicos em futuros estudos. A interação entre os pesquisadores e os órgãos de controle da qualidade da água deveria ser incrementada.
A Multifaceted Role for Myd88-Dependent Signaling in Progression of Murine Mammary Carcinoma
Authors: Higgins Mary J. , Serrano Antonio , Boateng Kofi Y. , Parsons Victoria A. , Phuong Tiffany , Seifert Alyssa , Ricca Jacob M. , Tucker Kyle C. , Eidelman Alec S. , Carey Maureen A. , Kurt Robert A.
Published: October 2016

Previous data obtained in our laboratory suggested that there may be constitutive signaling through the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88)-dependent signaling cascade in murine mammary carcinoma. Here, we extended these findings by showing that, in the absence of an added Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist, the myddosome complex was preformed in 4T1 tumor cells, and that Myd88 influenced cytoplasmic extracellular signal–regulated kinase (Erk)1/Erk2 levels, nuclear levels of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), tumor-derived chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) expression, and in vitro and in vivo tumor growth. In addition, RNA-sequencing revealed that Myd88-dependent signaling enhanced the expression of genes that could contribute to breast cancer progression and genes previously associated with poor outcome for patients with breast cancer, in addition to suppressing the expression of genes capable of inhibiting breast cancer progression. Yet, Myd88-dependent signaling in tumor cells also suppressed expression of genes that could contribute to tumor progression. Collectively, these data revealed a multifaceted role for Myd88-dependent signaling in murine mammary carcinoma.
Improving Individual Acceptance of Health Clouds through Confidentiality Assurance
Authors: Fabian Benjamin , Zarnekow Rüdiger , Ermakova Tatiana
Published: October 2016

Background Cloud computing promises to essentially improve healthcare delivery performance. However, shifting sensitive medical records to third-party cloud providers could create an adoption hurdle because of security and privacy concerns.

ObjectivesThis study examines the effect of confidentiality assurance in a cloud-computing environment on individuals’ willingness to accept the infrastructure for inter-organizational sharing of medical data.

MethodsWe empirically investigate our research question by a survey with over 260 full responses. For the setting with a high confidentiality assurance, we base on a recent multi-cloud architecture which provides very high confidentiality assurance through a secret-sharing mechanism: Health information is cryptographically encoded and distributed in a way that no single and no small group of cloud providers is able to decode it.

ResultsOur results indicate the importance of confidentiality assurance in individuals’ acceptance of health clouds for sensitive medical data. Specifically, this finding holds for a variety of practically relevant circumstances, i.e., in the absence and despite the presence of conventional offline alternatives and along with pseudonymization. On the other hand, we do not find support for the effect of confidentiality assurance in individuals’ acceptance of health clouds for non-sensitive medical data. These results could support the process of privacy engineering for health-cloud solutions.

Citation: Ermakova T, Fabian B, Zarnekow R. Improving individual acceptance of health clouds through confidentiality assurance.
Assessment of Oral Status in Pediatric Patients with Special Health Care Needs receiving Dental Rehabilitation Procedures under General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Awasthi Neha , Solanki Neeraj , Kundu Anjali , Mathur Suveet , Bidhumadhav Suresh
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Dental problems serve as additional burden on the children with special health care needs (CSHCN) because of additional hospitalization pressure, they face for the treatment of various serious medical problems. These patients have higher incidence of dental caries due to increased quantity of sugar involved in the drug therapies and lower salivary flow in the oral cavity. Such patients are difficult to treat with local anesthesia or inhaled sedatives. Single-sitting dental treatment is possible in these patients with general anesthesia. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective analysis of oral health status of CSHCN receiving various dental treatments in a given population.

Materials and methods

A total of 200 CSHCN of age 14 years or less reporting in the pediatric wing of the general hospital from 2005 to 2014 that underwent comprehensive dental treatment under general anesthesia were included in the study. Patients with history of any additional systemic illness, any malignancy, any known drug allergy, or previous history of any dental treatment were excluded from the study. Complete mouth rehabilitation was done in these patients under general anesthesia following standard protocols. Data regarding the patient's disability, type, duration, and severity of disability was collected and analyzed. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Chi-square test, Student's t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used to assess the level of significance.

Results

Statistically significant results were obtained while analyzing the subject's decayed missing filled/decayed extracted filled teeth indices divided based on age. Significant difference was observed only in cases where patients underwent complete crown placement even when divided based on type of disability. While analyzing the prevalence, statistically significant results were observed in patients when divided based on their age.

Conclusion

In CSHCN, dental pathologies and caries indices are increased regardless of the type or extent of disability.

Clinical significance

Children with special health care needs should be given special oral health care, and regular dental checkup should be conducted as they are more prone to have dental problems.

How to cite this article

Solanki N, Kumar A, Awasthi N, Kundu A, Mathur S, Bidhumadhav S. Assessment of Oral Status in Pediatric Patients with Special Health Care Needs receiving Dental Rehabilitation Procedures under General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):476-479.
Fundamentos para la Elaboración de Manuscritos Científicos en Trauma y Cuidado Agudo de Emergencias (Parte 1): Cómo Elaborar y Cómo Presentar un Resúmen para Una Reunión Científica
Authors: Rubiano Andres Mariano
Published: October 2016

Objetivo

Los resúmenes científicos son la forma más frecuente de dar a conocer la información relevante en avances en investigación. Existen metodologías recomendadas para elaborar resúmenes de alta calidad que permitan una comprensión rápida y óptima por parte de evaluadores y de la comunidad científica en general. El objetivo de esta revisión, es discutir y presentar elementos fundamentales para la elaboración y presentación de resúmenes científicos en el área de trauma y cuidados agudos de emergencia.

Antecedentes

Más de diez millones de artículos científicos del área biomédica son publicados anualmente; estos proceden regularmente de resúmenes presentados de manera oral o escrita en reuniones científicas. Muchos resúmenes presentan fallas en el proceso de elaboración y no permiten generar una comunicación efectiva entre el investigador y los jurados. Muchos de estos resúmenes de investigación no llegan con éxito a ser un artículo completo.

Resultados

Una de las metodologías estandarizadas para la elaboración de artículos científicos se conoce como el principio IMRaD. Este principio es un acrónimo que surge de las palabras: Introducción, Métodos, Resultados y (and) Discusión. Con la difusión de este tipo de metodologías, se ha logrado mejorar la calidad de elaboración de los resúmenes. Aún así, solo entre un 15 a un 45% de los resúmenes elaborados por los diferentes proponentes llegan a convertirse en una publicación completa. Los dos motivos más frecuentes para la nó elaboración del documento definitivo, incluyen la poca disponibilidad de tiempo por parte del investigador principal y la dificultad en generar el documento completo en un idioma diferente al nativo.

Conclusione

Existen metodologías estandarizadas para elaborar resúmenes científicos de alta calidad. Es deber de las asociaciones científicas de las diferentes especialidades y subespecialidades, difundir los lineamientos para la mejor elaboración de estos resúmenes.

How to cite this article

Rubiano AM, Echeverri RA, Puyana JC. Fundamentos para la Elaboración de Manuscritos Científicos en Trauma y Cuidado Agudo de Emergencias (Parte 1): Cómo Elaborar y Cómo Presentar un Resúmen para Una Reunión Científica. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(1):52-57.
Nature and Extent of Shallow Marine Convection in Subtropical Regions: Detection with airborne and spaceborne Lidar-Systems over the tropical North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Gutleben Manuel , Gross Silke , Wirth Martin , Schäfler Andreas
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Shallow marine cumulus convection over the Atlantic ocean near Barbados is studied with observations by airborne and spaceborne lidar instruments performed during the field campaign Next-generation Aircraft Remote Sensing for Validation Studies (NARVAL). For the first time airborne lidar measurements with the DLR high spectral resolution lidar system WALES on-board the German research aircraft HALO were conducted over the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. In the course of NARVAL several CALIPSO satellite underflights were performed, which allow comparisons of detected cloud top edges from the two lidar instruments (i.e. WALES and CALIOP on-board CALIPSO). The study concentrates on the comparison and investigation of detected cloud top height distributions derived from measured WALES and CALIOP lidar profiles by use of a newly developed cloud detection algorithm. This allows to test the utilization of satellite based lidar systems for the observation of shallow marine convection. The distribution of cloud top heights during wintertime measurements shows a two-layer structure with maxima in ∼1000 m and ∼2500 m in both WALES and CALIOP measurements. Cloud top heights vary with latitude. The analysed WALES and CALIOP data shows most frequent cloud tops in 10° to 20° N at heights from 1500 to 2500 m. A meridional decrease of detected cloud top heights over the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean, with lower values in the North, is observed. Approximately 36 % of all clouds in the Atlantic trades are detected to have a horizontal extent of less than 1 km in the winter season. Cloud gaps shorter than 1 km dominate the Atlantic trades. They make up approximately 45 % of all detected cloud gaps.
A historical review of gravimetric observations in Norway
Authors: Pettersen Bjørn Ragnvald
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The first gravity determinations in Norway were made by Edward Sabine in 1823 with a pendulum instrument by Henry Kater. Seventy years later a Sterneck pendulum was acquired by the Norwegian Commission for the International Arc Measurements. It improved the precision and eventually reduced the bias of the absolute calibration from 85 to 15 mGal. The last pendulum observations in Norway were made in 1955 with an instrument from Cambridge University. At a precision of ±1 mGal, the purpose was to calibrate a section of the gravity line from Rome, Italy, to Hammerfest, Norway. Relative spring gravimeters were introduced in Norway in 1946 and were used to densify and expand the national gravity network. These data were used to produce regional geoids for Norway and adjacent ocean areas. Improved instrument precision allowed them to connect Norwegian and foreign fundamental stations as well. Extensive geophysical prospecting was made, as in other countries. The introduction of absolute gravimeters based on free-fall methods, especially after 2004, improved the calibration by 3 orders of magnitude and immediately revealed the secular changes of the gravity field in Norway. This was later confirmed by satellite gravimetry, which provides homogeneous data sets for global and regional gravity models. The first-ever determinations of gravity at sea were made by pendulum observations onboard the Norwegian polar vessel Fram during frozen-in conditions in the Arctic Ocean in 1893–1896. Simultaneously, an indirect method was developed at the University of Oslo for deducing gravity at sea with a hypsometer. The precision of both methods was greatly superseded by relative spring gravimeters 50 years later. They were employed extensively both at sea and on land. When GPS allowed precise positioning, relative gravimeters were mounted in airplanes to cover large areas of ocean faster than before. Gravimetry is currently being applied to study geodynamical phenomena relevant to climate change. The viscoelastic postglacial land uplift of Fennoscandia has been detected by terrestrial gravity time series as well as by satellite gravimetry. Corrections for local effects of snow load, hydrology, and ocean loading at coastal stations have been improved. The elastic adjustment of present-day melting of glaciers at Svalbard and in mainland Norway has been detected. Gravimetry is extensively employed at offshore oil facilities to monitor the subsidence of the ocean floor during oil and gas extraction.
3D Indoor Building Environment Reconstruction using Least Square Adjustment, Polynomial Kernel, Interval Analysis and Homotopy Continuation
Authors: Jamali Ali , Anton François , Rahman Alias Abdul , Mioc Darka
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Nowadays, municipalities intend to have 3D city models for facility management, disaster management and architectural planning. Indoor models can be reconstructed from construction plans but sometimes, they are not available or very often, they differ from ‘as-built’ plans. In this case, the buildings and their rooms must be surveyed. One of the most utilized methods of indoor surveying is laser scanning. The laser scanning method allows taking accurate and detailed measurements. However, Terrestrial Laser Scanner is costly and time consuming. In this paper, several techniques for indoor 3D building data acquisition have been investigated. For reducing the time and cost of indoor building data acquisition process, the Trimble LaserAce 1000 range finder is used. The proposed approache use relatively cheap equipment: a light Laser Rangefinder which appear to be feasible, but it needs to be tested to see if the observation accuracy is sufficient for the 3D building modelling. The accuracy of the rangefinder is evaluated and a simple spatial model is reconstructed from real data. This technique is rapid (it requires a shorter time as compared to others), but the results show inconsistencies in horizontal angles for short distances in indoor environments. The range finder horizontal angle sensor was calibrated using a least square adjustment algorithm, a polynomial kernel, interval analysis and homotopy continuation.