bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential drug–drug interactions with direct oral anticoagulants in elderly hospitalized patients
Authors: Forbes Heather L. , Polasek Thomas M.
Published: September 2017

Background:

To determine the prevalence and nature of potential drug–drug interactions (DDIs) with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in elderly hospitalized patients.

Methods:

This was a retrospective observational study. Inclusion criteria were: aged over 65 years; taking apixaban, rivaroxaban or dabigatran; and admitted to the Repatriation General Hospital between April 2014 and July 2015. A list of clinically relevant ‘perpetrator’ drugs was compiled from product information, the Australian Medicines Handbook, the Australian National Prescribing Service resources, and local health network guidelines. The prevalence and nature of potential DDIs with DOACs was determined by comparing inpatient drug charts with the list of perpetrator drugs.

Results:

There were 122 patients in the study with a mean age of 82 years. Most patients had nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and were taking DOACs to prevent thrombotic stroke (83%). Overall, 45 patients (37%) had a total of 54 potential DDIs. Thirty-five patients had potential pharmacodynamic DDIs with antidepressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antiplatelets (35/122, 29%). Nineteen patients had potential pharmacokinetic DDIs (19/122, 16%). Of these, 68% (13/19) were taking drugs that increase DOAC plasma concentrations (amiodarone, erythromycin, diltiazem or verapamil) and 32% (6/19) were taking drugs that decrease DOAC plasma concentrations (carbamazepine, primidone or phenytoin). There were no cases of patients taking contraindicated interacting drugs.

Discussion:

Potential DDIs with DOACs in elderly hospital inpatients are relatively common, particularly interactions that may increase the risk of bleeding. The risk–benefit ratio of DOACs in elderly patients on polypharmacy should always be carefully considered.
ICD lead extraction: Not a benign procedure. External chest compression: Not a benign manoeuvre
Authors: Sertic Federico , Bosco Paolo , Ferrara Antonella , Heck Patrick , Abu-Omar Yasir
Published: September 2017

This is the case of a 45-year-old man who was electively admitted to our hospital for revision and extraction of his faulty implantable cardioverter–deﬁbrillator lead and box. The procedure was complicated by cardiac tamponade requiring pericardiocentisis (unsuccessful) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The patient was then rushed to theatre for emergency sternotomy and institution of cardiopulmonary bypass. A tear in the superior vena cava was identified and repaired. Unfortunately, the patient suffered of a liver laceration, due to chest compression, which required emergency laparotomy. The aim of this report is to highlight the combination and management of two rare life-threatening complications that occurred in a single case.
A case study on a home-based caregiver-delivered music-with-movement intervention for people with early dementia
Authors: Lai Daniel LL , Lai Claudia KY
Published: September 2017

Background:

Music has been found to improve sleep and reduce anxiety.

Purpose:

This article reports a 78-year-old Chinese female who had been diagnosed with early dementia underwent an 8-week music-with-movement intervention delivered by her husband at home after being trained in a day care center.

Methods:

Both the patient and the husband’s data were collected through repeated interviews and regular observations.

Conclusion:

The results indicated signs of improvement of the patient in terms of sleep quality and depressive symptoms.
Hero is Back- The rising of Chinese audiences: The demonstration of SHI in popularizing a Chinese animation
Authors: Jiang Fei , Huang Kuo
Published: September 2017

This article studies how Chinese audiences’ participation contributes to a new all-time animation box-office champ, “Monkey King: Hero is Back,” and how such participation may contribute to facilitating a richer and more varied cultural life in China in the future. This made-in-China animation film snatched the throne from DreamWorks Animation’s “Kung Fu Panda 2” by breaking the latter’s 4-year record (617 million RMB) after announcing its box-office sale had exceeded 800 million RMB on 4 August. The significance of the animation is approved by a seminar held by the Publicity Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television, naming it “the milestone of domestic animation film production” on 4 August. The legend of the animation is an exemplification of the enthusiasm of Chinese audiences, who identify themselves not only as fans but also followers and cheerleaders of the film. They self-addressed themselves as zi lai shui (literally means tap-water, 自来水), figuratively means the Internet mercenaries willing to advertise the film on social media at their own expense. Drawing on the literature of power and influence, fans of “Monkey King: Hero is Back” will be interviewed and their online activities and comments will be analyzed to find out (1) how the scattered audience members built a united identification online and (2) how such spontaneous but also well-organized Internet aggregation turns into SHI (overwhelming with numerical strength, social capital, and influence) and further empowers the Chinese audiences in an era in which social media prosper in China.
Promoting Pulmonary Arterial Growth via Right Ventricle-to-Pulmonary Artery Connection in Children With Pulmonary Atresia, Ventricular Septal Defect, and Hypoplastic Pulmonary Arteries
Authors: Rabinowitz Edon J. , Epstein Shilpi , Kohn Nina , Meyer David B.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Complete repair of pulmonary atresia (PA) ventricular septal defect (VSD) with hypoplastic or absent native pulmonary arteries, often with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs), involves construction of an adequate sized pulmonary arterial tree. We report our results with a previously described staged strategy using initial right ventricle (RV)-to-reconstructed pulmonary arterial tree (RV-PA) connection to promote pulmonary arterial growth and facilitate later ventricular septation.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed data for all patients (N = 10) with initial echocardiographic diagnosis of PA-VSD and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries operated in our center from October 2008 to August 2016. Pulmonary arterial vessel size measured on preoperative and postoperative angiography was used to calculate Nakata index.

Results:

Seven patients had PA-VSD, three had virtual PA-VSD, and seven had MAPCAs. All underwent creation of RV-PA connection at a median age of 7.5 days and weight 3.6 kg. Eight patients had RV-PA conduits, two had a transannular patches, and seven had major pulmonary artery reconstruction simultaneously. There were no deaths or serious morbidity; one conduit required revision prior to complete repair. Complete repair with ventricular septation and RV pressure less than half systemic was achieved in all patients at a median age of 239 days. Nakata index in neonatal period was 54 mm2/m2 (range 15-144 mm2/m2) and at time of septation 184 mm2/m2 (range 56-510 mm2/m2; P = .004). Growth rates of right and left branch pulmonary arteries were similar. The 10 patients underwent 28 catheterizations with 13 interventions in 8 patients prior to full repair.

Conclusion:

Early palliative RV-PA connection promotes pulmonary arterial growth and facilitates eventual full repair with VSD closure with low RV pressure and operative risk.
Isolated Right Juxtaposition of the Atrial Appendages in Adult With Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: Boutayeb Alaae , Kenassi Fayçal , Bensouda Adil , Marmade Lahcen
Published: September 2017

We report the case of a 30-year-old male who had symptomatic bicuspid aortic valve stenosis. Operative findings unexpectedly revealed right juxtaposition of the atrial appendages. This is a rare association, as juxtaposition of atrial appendages is generally associated with more complex forms of congenital heart disease. The patient underwent successful surgery with uneventful postoperative course.
Cardiac Tumors in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tzani Aspasia , Doulamis Ilias P. , Mylonas Konstantinos S. , Avgerinos Dimitrios V. , Nasioudis Dimitrios
Published: September 2017

This systematic review sought to investigate the current evidence regarding surgical management of primary cardiac tumors in children and adolescents. Twenty-eight studies were deemed eligible, reporting on 745 pediatric patients. Rhabdomyoma was the most prevalent histologic type and echocardiography was the most common diagnostic tool. Cumulative 30-day mortality rate was 6.7%. Rhabdomyomas and teratomas had the highest 30-day mortality. The higher percentage of tumor relapse was noted for myxoma and teratoma. Although cardiac tumors are rare, their atypical clinical presentation, potential for recurrence, and the poor prognosis associated with recurrence elucidate the need for reliable diagnostic and therapeutic management.
Return to Sports and Recurrences After Arthroscopic Anterior Shoulder Stabilization in Martial Arts Athletes
Authors: Ranalletta Maximiliano , Rossi Luciano A. , Sirio Adrian , Diaz Dilernia Fernando , Bertona Agustin , Maignon Gastón D. , Bongiovanni Santiago L.
Published: September 2017

Background:

The high demands to the glenohumeral joint and the violent shoulder blows experienced during martial arts (MA) could compromise return to sports and increase the recurrence rate after arthroscopic stabilization for anterior shoulder instability in these athletes.

Purpose:

To report the functional outcomes, return to sports, and recurrences in a series of MA athletes with anterior shoulder instability treated with arthroscopic stabilization with suture anchors.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 20 consecutive MA athletes were treated for anterior shoulder instability at a single institution between January 2008 and December 2013. Range of motion (ROM), the Rowe score, a visual analog scale (VAS), and the Athletic Shoulder Outcome Scoring System (ASOSS) were used to assess functional outcomes. Return-to-sport and recurrence rates were also evaluated.

Results:

The mean age at the time of surgery was 25.4 years (range, 18-35 years), and the mean follow-up was 71 months (range, 36-96 months). No significant difference in preoperative and postoperative shoulder ROM was found. The Rowe, VAS, and ASOSS scores showed statistical improvement after surgery ( P < .001). In all, 19 athletes (95%) returned to sports. However, only 60% achieved ≥90% recovery after surgery. The recurrence rate was 20%.

Conclusion:

In this retrospective study of a consecutive cohort of MA athletes, arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization significantly improved functional scores. However, only 60% of the athletes achieved the same level of competition, and there was a 20% recurrence rate.
“From Fools for Christ to Fools for Politicians”: A Critique of Zambian Pentecostal Theopolitical Imagination
Authors: Kaunda Chammah J.
Published: September 2017

This study analyzes how Zambian Pentecostals understand the meaning of the Declaration (i.e., a 1991 statement by President Chiluba that Zambia is a Christian nation) in relation to politics. Employing empirical missiological approach, the study demonstrates that Pentecostals hold to two diverging political perspectives—transforming politics from within and maintaining a subversive political imagination.
Frequency of post-stroke electroencephalographic epileptiform activity – a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Bentes Carla , Rodrigues Filipe B , Sousa Diana , Duarte Gonçalo S , Franco Ana C , Marques Raquel , Nzwalo Hipólito , Peralta Ana R , Ferro José M , Costa João
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Cerebrovascular diseases are the most frequent risk factor for epilepsy in the elderly, and epileptic phenomenon following stroke is known to worsen the prognosis. Although electroencephalography is the gold standard epilepsy biomarker, it is rarely used in post-stroke studies, and the frequency of post-stroke epileptiform activity is still uncertain.

Patients and methods

We analysed studies indexed to MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO and OpenGrey (up to March 2015), reporting post-stroke electroencephalographic epileptiform activity frequency in adults. Epileptiform activity was classified as ictal (electrographic seizures) and interictal (non-periodic spikes and sharp waves). Data selection, extraction and appraisal were done in duplicate. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool frequencies.

Results

The pooled frequency of post-stroke ictal and interictal epileptiform activity was 7% (95% CI 3%–12%) and 8% (95% CI 4%–13%), respectively. The use of continuous electroencephalogram was not associated with an increased frequency of electrographic seizures ( p = 0.05), nor did the management setting (Intensive Care Unit versus non- Intensive Care Unit, p = 0.31). However, studies with continuous electroencephalogram showed a higher frequency of interictal epileptiform activity ( p = 0.01).

Discussion

This study provides the best available estimates of the frequency of post-stroke electroencephalographic epileptiform activity. Due to detection bias, it was not possible to correlate clinical and electrographic seizures.

Conclusion

The frequency of ictal and interictal epileptiform activity in the electroencephalogram was comparable with previous frequency analyses of clinical seizures. The frequency of ictal epileptiform activity did not change with continuous record or clinical setting, while the frequency of interictal epileptiform activity increased with continuous record.
Macrophage dysfunction in the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma
Authors: Fricker Michael , Gibson Peter G.
Published: September 2017

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition frequently associated with aberrant airway and systemic inflammation. Various inflammatory phenotypes in asthmatic airways have been described that relate to clinical phenotypes and impact on responses to conventional and novel asthma therapies. Macrophages are abundant immunocytes in the lung, capable of mounting diverse responses required for homeostasis and defence against pathogens.

Here, we summarise the clinical evidence regarding macrophage dysfunction in asthma. We also describe evidence supporting the role of macrophages as therapeutic targets in asthma. We conclude that macrophage dysfunction in asthma is highly prevalent and heterogeneous, and hypothesise that macrophages may play roles in promoting the discrete inflammatory phenotypes of asthma.

These clinical findings, along with recent ground-breaking insights into the ontogeny, behavioural complexity and longevity of pulmonary macrophages, support continued research into the role of macrophages as disease modifiers, biomarkers and therapeutic targets in asthma.
Treating breathlessnessviathe brain: changes in brain activity over a course of pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Herigstad Mari , Faull Olivia K. , Hayen Anja , Evans Eleanor , Hardinge F. Maxine , Wiech Katja , Pattinson Kyle T.S.
Published: September 2017

Breathlessness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often discordant with airway pathophysiology (“over-perception”). Pulmonary rehabilitation profoundly affects breathlessness, without influencing lung function. Learned associations influence brain mechanisms of sensory perception. We hypothesised that improvements in breathlessness with pulmonary rehabilitation may be explained by changing neural representations of learned associations.

In 31 patients with COPD, we tested how pulmonary rehabilitation altered the relationship between brain activity during a breathlessness-related word-cue task (using functional magnetic resonance imaging), and clinical and psychological measures of breathlessness.

Changes in ratings of breathlessness word cues positively correlated with changes in activity in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex. Changes in ratings of breathlessness-anxiety negatively correlated with activations in attention regulation and motor networks. Baseline activity in the insula, anterior cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex correlated with improvements in breathlessness and breathlessness-anxiety.

Pulmonary rehabilitation is associated with altered neural responses related to learned breathlessness associations, which can ultimately influence breathlessness perception. These findings highlight the importance of targeting learned associations within treatments for COPD, demonstrating how neuroimaging may contribute to patient stratification and more successful personalised therapy.
Multicomponent seismic data registration by nonlinear optimization
Authors: Gao Wenlei , Sacchi Mauricio D.
Published: September 2017

Mapping PS-wave data to the PP-wave time domain is a critical step before joint PP- and PS-wave data interpretation and inversion. Registration techniques are often constrained by having access to a known [Formula: see text] ratio. When an accurate [Formula: see text] ratio is not provided, one can solve the problem of seismic data registration by minimizing the difference between the PP-wave and the warped PS-wave data with a smoothing constraint applied on the warping function. To avoid undesirable foldings or rapid changes in the warped PS-wave image, we require a warping function that is monotonic and smooth. We invert the [Formula: see text] ratio directly from PP- and PS-wave data instead of estimating it from the warping function. Seismic data registration is posed as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem. Furthermore, we represent the [Formula: see text] ratio by spline functions and adopt a parameterization that guarantees monotonic warping functions. Our parameterization in terms of splines significantly reduces the number of unknowns of our problem, and the convergence to a smooth monotonic solution is guaranteed.
VS-κ0 Correction Factors for Input Ground Motions Used in Seismic Site Response Analyses
Authors: Cabas Ashly , Rodriguez-Marek Adrian
Published: September 2017

Input motions used in seismic site response analyses are commonly selected based on similarities between the shear wave velocity ( V S) at the recording station, and the reference depth at the site of interest (among other aspects such as the intensity of the expected ground motion). This traditional approach disregards the influence of the attenuation in the shallow crust on site response. Given that this attenuation (damping) can be characterized by the distance-independent high-frequency attenuation parameter κ0, a V S -κ0 correction framework for input motions is proposed to render them compatible with the assumed properties of the reference depth at the site. The proposed correction factors were applied to a subset of recordings from the KiK-net database, and compared to traditional deconvolution. Results indicate that V S -κ0 corrected motions outperform deconvolved motions in the characterization of the spectral energy in the high-frequency range. However, motions recorded at sites with soft deposits are not good candidates for the V S -κ0 correction approach. V S -κ0 corrections also affect amplification functions which are important in the assessment of site-specific seismic hazards.
Randomized Phase III Trial of Adjuvant Pazopanib Versus Placebo After Nephrectomy in Patients With Localized or Locally Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Motzer Robert J. , Haas Naomi B. , Donskov Frede , Gross-Goupil Marine , Varlamov Sergei , Kopyltsov Evgeny , Lee Jae Lyun , Melichar Bohuslav , Rini Brian I. , Choueiri Toni K. , Zemanova Milada , Wood Lori A. , Reaume M. Neil , Stenzl Arnulf , Chowdhury Simon , Lim Ho Yeong , McDermott Ray , Michael Agnieszka , Bao Weichao , Carrasco-Alfonso Marlene J. , Aimone Paola , Voi Maurizio , Doehn Christian , Russo Paul , Sternberg Cora N. ,   on behalf of the PROTECT investigators
Published: September 2017

Purpose

This phase III trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of pazopanib versus placebo in patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at high risk for relapse after nephrectomy.

Patients and Methods

A total of 1,538 patients with resected pT2 (high grade) or ≥ pT3, including N1, clear cell RCC were randomly assigned to pazopanib or placebo for 1 year; 403 patients received a starting dose of 800 mg or placebo. To address toxicity attrition, the 800-mg starting dose was lowered to 600 mg, and the primary end point analysis was changed to disease-free survival (DFS) for pazopanib 600 mg versus placebo (n = 1,135). Primary analysis was performed after 350 DFS events in the intent-to-treat (ITT) pazopanib 600 mg group (ITT600mg), and DFS follow-up analysis was performed 12 months later. Secondary end point analyses included DFS with ITT pazopanib 800 mg (ITT800mg) and safety.

Results

The primary analysis results of DFS ITT600mg favored pazopanib but did not show a significant improvement over placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.06; P = .165). The secondary analysis of DFS in ITT800mg (n = 403) yielded an HR of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.94). Follow-up analysis in ITT600mg yielded an HR of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.77 to 1.14). Increased ALT and AST were common adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation in the pazopanib 600 mg (ALT, 16%; AST, 5%) and 800 mg (ALT, 18%; AST, 7%) groups.

Conclusion

The results of the primary DFS analysis of pazopanib 600 mg showed no benefit over placebo in the adjuvant setting.
Estrogen Activation by Steroid Sulfatase Increases Colorectal Cancer Proliferation via GPER
Authors: Gilligan Lorna C , Rahman Habibur P , Hewitt Anne-Marie , Sitch Alice J , Gondal Ali , Arvaniti Anastasia , Taylor Angela E , Read Martin L , Morton Dion G , Foster Paul A
Published: September 2017

Context

Estrogens affect the incidence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), although the precise molecular mechanisms remain ill-defined.

Objective

The present study investigated prereceptor estrogen metabolism through steroid sulphatase (STS) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and subsequent nongenomic estrogen signaling in human CRC tissue, in The Cancer Genome Atlas colon adenocarcinoma data set, and in in vitro and in vivo CRC models. We aimed to define and therapeutically target pathways through which estrogens alter CRC proliferation and progression.

Design, Setting, Patients, and Interventions

Human CRC samples with normal tissue-matched controls were collected from postmenopausal female and age-matched male patients. Estrogen metabolism enzymes and nongenomic downstream signaling pathways were determined. CRC cell lines were transfected with STS and cultured for in vitro and in vivo analysis. Estrogen metabolism was determined using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.

Primary Outcome Measure

The proliferative effects of estrogen metabolism were evaluated using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine assays and CRC mouse xenograft studies.

Results

Human CRC exhibits dysregulated estrogen metabolism, favoring estradiol synthesis. The activity of STS, the fundamental enzyme that activates conjugated estrogens, is significantly (P < 0.001) elevated in human CRC compared with matched controls. STS overexpression accelerates CRC proliferation in in vitro and in vivo models, with STS inhibition an effective treatment. We defined a G-protein–coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) proproliferative pathway potentially through increased expression of connective tissue growth factor in CRC.

Conclusion

Human CRC favors estradiol synthesis to augment proliferation via GPER stimulation. Further research is required regarding whether estrogen replacement therapy should be used with caution in patients at high risk of developing CRC.
Effect of an Intravenous Dexamethasone Added to Caudal Local Anesthetics to Improve Postoperative Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Kawakami Hiromasa , Mihara Takahiro , Nakamura Nobuhito , Ka Koui , Goto Takahisa
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:

Caudal anesthesia has been used for postoperative pain control in pediatric surgical patients, but the duration of the analgesic effect is occasionally unsatisfactory. Intravenous steroids have been shown to be effective for postsurgical pain management after certain surgeries. The aim of this meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA) was to evaluate the analgesic effect of steroids in patients administered with caudal anesthesia.

METHODS:

This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis. A search of published literature was conducted in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases and in trial registration sites. Randomized controlled trials that compared intravenous steroids with a placebo in pediatric patients who had received caudal anesthesia for surgery were included in the study. The primary outcomes from the present meta-analysis were the analgesic duration and the number of patients who required rescue analgesics. The analgesic duration and incidence of rescue use were summarized using mean difference or risk ratio with a 97.5% confidence interval (CI), respectively. If the 97.5% CI of the mean difference or risk ratio included a value of 0 or 1, respectively, we considered the difference not to be significant. We used the random effects model to combine the results. Heterogeneity was quantified with the I
2 statistic. The quality of the trials was evaluated using the Cochrane methodology. Moreover, a TSA with a risk of type 1 error of 2.5% and power of 90% was performed. We established the minimum clinically meaningful difference of analgesic duration as 3 hours. The target sample size for meta-analysis was also calculated in the TSA. We also assessed adverse events.

RESULTS:

Six trials with 424 patients were included; 211 patients received intravenous steroids. All trials compared dexamethasone of at least 0.5 mg/kg dose with a placebo. Dexamethasone prolonged the duration of caudal analgesia (mean difference, 244 minutes; 97.5% CI, 188–300). Heterogeneity was considerable with an I
2 value of 94.8%. Quality of evidence was very low. The TSA suggested that only 17.0% of the target sample size had been reached, but the cumulative Z score crossed the trial sequential monitoring boundary to indicate a benefit. Rescue use was reported in 4 studies with 260 patients. Rescue use was not significantly reduced in the dexamethasone group (risk ratio, 0.53; 97.5% CI, 0.09–3.30; I
2, 98.7%). No increase in adverse events was reported.

CONCLUSIONS:

Intravenous dexamethasone prolongs the analgesic duration of caudal anesthesia. Trials to investigate the effectiveness of a lower dose of the dexamethasone in prolonging analgesic effects would be of interest. Further trials with a low risk of bias are necessary.
Common Ice Hockey Injuries and Treatment: A Current Concepts Review
Authors: Mosenthal William , Kim Michael , Holzshu Robert , Hanypsiak Bryan , Athiviraham Aravind
Published: September 2017

Injuries are common in ice hockey, a contact sport where players skate at high speeds on a sheet of ice and shoot a vulcanized rubber puck in excess of one hundred miles per hour. This article reviews the diagnoses and treatment of concussions, injuries to the cervical spine, and lower and upper extremities as they pertain to hockey players. Soft tissue injury of the shoulder, acromioclavicular joint separation, glenohumeral joint dislocation, clavicle fractures, metacarpal fractures, and olecranon bursitis are discussed in the upper-extremity section of the article. Lower-extremity injuries reviewed in this article include adductor strain, athletic pubalgia, femoroacetabular impingement, sports hernia, medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligament tears, skate bite, and ankle sprains. This review is intended to aid the sports medicine physician in providing optimal sports-specific care to allow their athlete to return to their preinjury level of performance.
Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction in the Athlete: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Peebles Rebecca , Jonas Christopher E.
Published: September 2017

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction is a common cause of low back pain in the athlete, especially in sports with repetitive, asymmetric loading. Complex anatomy and broad pain referral pattern make diagnosis difficult. Identifying three or more positive physical examination maneuvers for the SIJ improves examination sensitivity and specificity. Imaging is rarely helpful in establishing the diagnosis but is often used to rule out other pathology. Conservative management with activity modification, medication, physical therapy, manipulation and bracing is first line treatment. After at least 6 weeks of conservative efforts or if pain limits the athlete’s tolerance of these measures, diagnostic and therapeutic intra-articular or periarticular injections or nerve blocks can be used. Radiofrequency ablation is recommended as the next approach for treatment. When all other options have been exhausted, surgical management can be considered. For athletes, once the underlying dysfunction is adequately addressed, gradual progression to full participation is encouraged.
Description of two new species of Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Almeida Jessica Feijó , Farias Emanuelle de Sousa , Alencar Ronildo Baiatone , Pessoa Felipe Arley Costa
Published: September 2017

Resumo. Duas novas espécies de insetos predadores e bioindicadores da qualidade da água do gênero Palpomyia, grupo distincta, são descritas e ilustradas baseadas em espécimes machos. Os imaturos das espécies Palpomyia amazonensis sp. nov. e Palpomyia lanceolata sp. nov. foram coletados em armadilhas ovitrampas e criados em laboratório até adultos. Ambas novas espécies são semelhantes a Palpomyia guyana Clastrier, 1992 e Palpomyia turnbowi Grogan et al., 2013 e diferem de Palpomyia versicolor Macfie, 1939, única espécie do grupo distincta descrita na Amazônia Brasileira. Com as duas descrições, foram aumentadas para três o número de espécies para a Amazônia e 32 para o Brasil.Descrição de duas novas espécies de Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) da Amazônia brasileiraAbstract. Two new Amazonian predaceous midge of the genus Palpomyia, from the distincta group, were described based on male specimens. This genus is an important bioindicator of aquatic environments. The immatures of Palpomyia amazonensis sp. nov. and Palpomyia lanceolata sp. nov. were collected with ovitraps and reared in laboratory until adulthood. Both new species are similar with Palpomyia guyana Clastrier, 1992 and Palpomyia turnbowi Grogan et al., 2013 but differs from Palpomyia versicolor Macfie, 1939, the unique species described in Brazilian Amazon until now. With the description of these new species we increase to three the representative species of the distincta group in the Brazilian Amazon and to 32 the number of Brazilian species of Palpomyia.
Ocorrência de Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) em quiabeiro no Estado do Acre
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Souza , Peronti Ana Lúcia Benfatti Gonzalez
Published: September 2017

Resumo. As cochonilhas são insetos sugadores de seiva que causam enfraquecimento das plantas, queda de frutos, além de atuarem como vetores de fitopatógenos e favorecerem a ocorrência da fumagina, que por sua vez diminui a capacidade fotossintética das plantas. A espécie Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley é uma espécie polífaga e relatada em plantas cultivadas, ornamentais, hortaliças e espécies daninhas. No presente estudo, registrou-se a ocorrência da cochonilha P. solenopsis na cultura do quiabeiro no município de Rio Branco, estado do Acre, Brasil. Exemplares da cochonilha foram coletados em plantas de quiabeiro cultivados em horta urbana em março de 2015. Observou-se que a infestação da cochonilha ocorreu em brotos terminais, caules e frutos dessa malvácea. Ressalta-se ser esse o primeiro relato de ocorrência e infestação de P. solenopsis em quiabeiro no estado do Acre. Occurrence of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in okra in Acre state, BrazilAbstract. Mealybugs are sap-sucking insects that cause weakening of plants, fruit drop, and act as vectors of pathogens and favor the occurrence of sooty mold which decreases in the photosynthetic capacity of plants. The species Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley is a polyphagous species and has been reported in cultivated, ornamental plants, vegetables and weeds. In the present study, the mealybug P. solenopsis was reported in okra culture in the county of Rio Branco, state of Acre, Brazil. Samples of mealybug were collected in cultivated okra plants in urban garden in March 2015. It was observed that the infestation of the mealybug occurred in terminal buds, stems and fruits of these plants. It is noteworthy that this is the first report of occurrence and infestation of P. solenopsis in Acre state.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a CPR Decision Support Video for Patients Admitted to the General Medicine Service
Authors: Merino Aimee M. , Greiner Ryan , Hartwig Kristopher
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Patient preferences regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are important, especially during hospitalization when a patient's health is changing. Yet many patients are not adequately informed or involved in the decision‐making process.

OBJECTIVES

We examined the effect of an informational video about CPR on hospitalized patients' code status choices.

DESIGN

This was a prospective, randomized trial conducted at the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System in Minnesota.

PARTICIPANTS

We enrolled 119 patients, hospitalized on the general medicine service, and at least 65 years old. The majority were men (97%) with a mean age of 75.

INTERVENTION

A video described code status choices: full code (CPR and intubation if required), do not resuscitate (DNR), and do not resuscitate/do not intubate (DNR/DNI). Participants were randomized to watch the video (n = 59) or usual care (n = 60).

MEASUREMENTS

The primary outcome was participants' code status preferences. Secondary outcomes included a questionnaire designed to evaluate participants' trust in their healthcare team and knowledge and perceptions about CPR.

RESULTS

Participants who viewed the video were less likely to choose full code (37%) compared to participants in the usual care group (71%) and more likely to choose DNR/DNI (56% in the video group vs. 17% in the control group) (P < 0.00001). We did not see a difference in trust in their healthcare team or knowledge and perceptions about CPR as assessed by our questionnaire.

CONCLUSIONS

Hospitalized patients who watched a video about CPR and code status choices were less likely to choose full code and more likely to choose DNR/DNI.
Antidepressant Use and Depressive Symptoms in Intensive Care Unit Survivors
Authors: Wang Sophia , Mosher Chris , Gao Sujuan , Kirk Kayla , Lasiter Sue , Khan Sikandar , Kheir You Na , Boustani Malaz , Khan Babar
Published: September 2017

Nearly 30% of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors have depressive symptoms 2‐12 months after hospital discharge. We examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms and risk factors for depressive symptoms in 204 patients at their initial evaluation in the Critical Care Recovery Center (CCRC), an ICU survivor clinic based at Eskenazi Hospital in Indianapolis, Indiana. Thirty‐two percent (N = 65) of patients had depressive symptoms on initial CCRC visit. For patients who are not on an antidepressant at their initial CCRC visit (N = 135), younger age and lower education level were associated with a higher likelihood of having depressive symptoms. For patients on an antidepressant at their initial CCRC visit (N = 69), younger age and being African American race were associated with a higher likelihood of having depressive symptoms. Future studies will need to confirm these findings and examine new approaches to increase access to depression treatment and test new antidepressant regimens for post‐ICU depression.
Influenza Season Hospitalization Trends in Israel: A Multi‐Year Comparative Analysis 2005/2006 Through 2012/2013
Authors: Glatman‐Freedman Aharona , Kaufman Zalman , Stein Yaniv , Sefty Hanna , Zadka Hila , Gordon Barak , Meron Jill , Gordon Ethel‐Sherry , Dichtiar Rita , Haklai Ziona , Afek Arnon , Shohat Tamy
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Influenza‐related morbidity impacts healthcare systems, including hospitals.

OBJECTIVE

To obtain a quantitative assessment of hospitalization burden in pediatric and internal medicine departments during influenza seasons compared with the summer months in Israel.

METHODS

Data on pediatric and internal medicine hospitalized patients in general hospitals in Israel during the influenza seasons between 2005 and 2013 were analyzed for rate of hospitalizations, rate of hospitalization days, hospital length of stay (LOS), and bed occupancy and compared with the summer months. Data were analyzed for hospitalizations for all diagnoses, diagnoses of respiratory or cardiovascular disease (ICD9 390‐519), and influenza or pneumonia (ICD9 480‐487), with data stratified by age. The 2009‐2010 pandemic influenza season was excluded.

RESULTS

Rates of monthly hospitalizations and hospitalization days for all diagnoses were 4.8% and 8% higher, respectively, during influenza seasons as compared with the summers. The mean LOS per hospitalization for all diagnoses demonstrated a small increase during influenza seasons as compared with summer seasons. The excess hospitalizations and hospitalization days were especially noticed for the age groups under 1 year, 1‐4 years, and 85 years and older. The differences were severalfold higher for patients with a diagnosis of respiratory or cardiovascular disease and influenza or pneumonia. Bed occupancy was higher during influenza seasons compared with the summer, particularly in pediatric departments.

CONCLUSIONS

Hospital burden in pediatric and internal medicine departments during influenza seasons in Israel was associated with age and diagnosis. These results are important for optimal preparedness for influenza seasons.
Does Offline TV Advertising Affect Online Chatter? Quasi-Experimental Analysis Using Synthetic Control
Authors: Tirunillai Seshadri , Tellis Gerard J.
Published: September 2017

This study analyzes the impact of offline television advertising on multiple metrics of online chatter or user-generated content. The context is a quasi experiment in which a focal brand undertakes a massive advertising campaign for a short period of time. The authors estimate multiple dimensions of chatter (popularity, negativity, visibility, and virality) from numerous raw metrics using the content and the hyperlink structure of consumer reviews and blogs. The authors use the method of synthetic control to construct a counterfactual (synthetic) brand as a convex combination of the rivals during the preadvertising period. The gap in the dimensions of chatter between the focal brand and the synthetic brand in the test versus advertising periods assesses the influence of advertising. Offline television advertising causes a short but significant positive effect on online chatter. This effect is stronger on information-spread dimensions (visibility and virality) than on content-based dimensions (popularity and negativity). Importantly, advertising has a small short-term effect in decreasing negativity in online chatter.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1040
Can Trustworthiness in a Supply Chain Be Signaled?
Authors: Beer Ruth , Ahn Hyun-Soo , Leider Stephen
Published: September 2017

The relationship between a buyer and its suppliers often relies on factors beyond the terms of a contractual agreement. Buyers can therefore benefit from identifying trustworthy suppliers. We argue that precontractual actions by a supplier, for example making costly buyer-specific investments without a long-term contract, can signal a supplier’s trustworthiness. We develop a theoretical model to reflect supplier trustworthiness, and determine when a buyer can benefit from identifying trustworthy suppliers. We show that costly relationship-specific investments can serve as a signal of trustworthiness, and that supply chain profits increase when trustworthy suppliers are able to identify themselves in this fashion. We demonstrate the importance of the signaling mechanism using laboratory experiments. The experimental results show that relationship-specific investments lead to more collaborative transactions, with buyers offering higher prices and suppliers returning higher-quality products. This results in increased profits for both buyers and suppliers. Additionally, we design a treatment which shuts down the signaling mechanism and show that the benefits of the buyer-specific investment are no longer present in this case. Finally, we show that the benefits of buyer-specific investments for both suppliers and buyers are strengthened when firms interact repeatedly.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2817 .

This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
When Customers Anticipate Liquidation Sales: Managing Operations Under Financial Distress
Authors: Birge John R. , Parker Rodney P. , Wu Michelle Xiao , Yang S. Alex
Published: September 2017

The presence of strategic customers may force an already financially distressed firm into a death spiral: sensing the firm’s financial difficulty, customers may wait strategically for deep discounts in liquidation sales. In turn, such waiting lowers the firm’s profitability and increases the firm’s bankruptcy risk. Using a two-period model to capture these dynamics, this paper identifies customers' strategic waiting behavior as a source of a firm’s cost of financial distress. We also find that customers' anticipation of bankruptcy can be self-fulfilling: when customers anticipate a high bankruptcy probability, they prefer to delay their purchases, making the firm more likely to go bankrupt than when customers anticipate a low probability of bankruptcy. Such behavior has important operational and financial implications. First, the firm acts more conservatively when facing either more severe financial distress or a large share of strategic customers. As its financial situation deteriorates, the firm lowers inventory alone when financial distress is mild or only a small share of customers are strategic and lowers both inventory and price in the presence of severe financial distress and a large fraction of strategic customers. Under optimal price and inventory decisions, strategic waiting accounts for a large part of the firm’s total cost of financial distress, although a larger proportion of strategic customers may result in a lower probability of bankruptcy. In addition to inventory reduction and (immediate) price discount, we find that a deferred discount, in the form of rebates and/or store credits for future purchases, can act as an effective mechanism to mitigate strategic waiting. As a contingent price reduction, deferred discounts align the interests of customers and the firm and are most effective when the fraction of strategic customers is high and the firm’s financial distress is at a medium level.
Improving calf-side diagnosis of respiratory disease on UK dairy farms
Authors: Glover Ian D
Published: September 2017

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) is a common and costly disease on UK dairy farms. Sensitivity and specificity of BRD diagnosis on some UK dairy farms is suboptimal, leading to lack of treatment of affected calves and sometimes inappropriate treatment of healthy calves.

Various options are available for calf-side diagnosis of BRD. Unstructured observation of clinical signs is subjective and suffers from poor sensitivity and specificity. Clinical scoring systems such as the Wisconsin Calf Health Score and the California Calf Health Score offer an improvement in terms of diagnostic accuracy and repeatability. Thoracic ultrasonography is available through use of linear ultrasound units commonly carried by farm practitioners, and constitutes a simple, rapid, accurate and repeatable diagnostic test for BRD. Various systems for remote monitoring of body temperature are available, and allow early detection of BRD when used in combination with other diagnostic tests.
Updates on gastric ulceration in adult horses
Authors: McGovern Kate
Published: September 2017

Much has been learned about gastric ulceration in the past decade. It is now known that any equid can develop gastric ulceration, from leisure horses to ponies, broodmares and donkeys. Little has changed in the diagnosis of the condition and it remains relatively straightforward with gastroscopy now being widely available; however interpreting the clinical significance of lesions remains challenging in some cases. Omeprazole remains the mainstay of treatment but much has been learned about its application. Research in recent years has demonstrated that squamous and glandular ulceration are likely to be separate conditions, and that different treatment may be appropriate. Owner awareness and education is important, as treatment is only part of the battle; on-going management is necessary to help prevent recurrence. This article is not a complete overview of gastric ulceration but aims to provide updates on recent knowledge and research, and is illustrated with some case examples.
Say goodbye to the weakest link
Authors: Rogers Michelle
Published: September 2017

Michelle Rogers discusses the importance of cold chain compliance and maintenance to patient safety
A simple method of measuring the wear of explanted acetabular component inserts
Authors: Krakow L. , Klockow A. , Roehner E. , Brodt S. , Eijer H. , Bossert J. , Matziolis G.
Published: September 2017

Objectives

The determination of the volumetric polyethylene wear on explanted material requires complicated equipment, which is not available in many research institutions. Our aim in this study was to present and validate a method that only requires a set of polyetheretherketone balls and a laboratory balance to determine wear.

Methods

The insert to be measured was placed on a balance, and a ball of the appropriate diameter was inserted. The cavity remaining between the ball and insert caused by wear was filled with contrast medium and the weight of the contrast medium was recorded. The volume was calculated from the known density of the liquid. The precision, inter- and intraobserver reliability, were determined by four investigators on four days using nine inserts with specified wear (0.094 ml to 1.626 ml), and the intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated. The feasibility of using this method in routine clinical practice and the time required for measurement were tested on 84 explanted inserts by one investigator.

Results

In order to get the mean for all investigators and determinations, the deviation between the measured and specified wear was -0.08 ml (sd 0.12; -0.21 to 0.11). The interobserver reliability was 0.989 ml (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.964 to 0.997) and the intraobserver reliability was 0.941 for observer 1 (95% CI 0.846 to 0.985), 0.983 for observer 2 (95% CI 0.956 to 0.995), 0.939 for observer 3 (95% CI 0.855 to 0.984), and 0.934 for observer 4 (95% CI 0.790 to 0.984). The mean time required to examine the samples was two minutes (sd 2; 1 to 5).

Conclusion

The method presented here was shown to be sufficiently precise for many settings and is a cost-effective and quick method of determining the volumetric wear of explanted acetabular components. However, the measurement of wear for scientific purposes will probably continue to involve more accurate and dedicated laboratory equipment. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2017;6:530–534.