bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of radiation heat transfer influence on parameters of temperature fields of various design fuel rods
Authors: Gorbynov V.A. , Andrianov S.G. , Konovaltseva S.S.
Published: April 2021

VVER-1000 reactors use cylindrical smooth-core fuel rods. Previously, a model to determe the fuel rod temperature field in a two-dimensional problem statement has been developed and verified. However, modelling assumptions do not consider the influence of variable thermophysical properties, radiation heat transfer, and the opening in the fuel rod on the final parameters of the temperature fields. The impact assessment is an urgent task to improve the economic efficiency of the fuel cycle and the capacity of power units. To develop models and study the features of energy release in nuclear reactors, a numerical package of thermophysical modeling COMSOL Multiphysics software is used. The simulation of temperature fields is performed based on the heat equation with an internal heat source, under the boundary conditions of the second kind at the ends of the fuel rod and the boundary conditions of the third kind on the side surface of the rod. Аn axisymmetric model in two-dimensional problem statement and a three-dimensional model of the fuel rod are developed. The temperature distribution fields are determined by the finite element method. The results of calculations of various design fuel rods are presented. The results have showen that the radiation heat transfer significantly affects the maximum fuel temperature (UO2). The impact degree of variability of thermophysical properties and radiation heat transfer is determined. It was found that the temperature characteristics under different specified conditions have a difference in the range of 15,5–282,0 K (0,8–14,4 %). The developed models are reliable and confirmed by the previously verified model, the characteristics of the fuel assembly used on the VVER-1000 units. The results presented can be used for mathematical modeling of heat transfer processes, both during the modernization of the equipment in operation, and during the development, design, and operation, which will increase the efficiency of electric energy generation at the power unit of a nuclear power plant.
Algorithm to select the voltage class for the gas field electricity supply system
Authors: Bogachkov I.M. , Khamitov R.N.
Published: April 2021

The current algorithms and mathematical models to select the voltage class based on the theory of experimental planning are developed for industrial enterprises (overhead lines with a length of up to 10 km, a power of up to 20 MV, a radial arrangement with a transformation at the end of the line). They do not consider the features of gas fields (overhead lines with a length of up to 20 km and a capacity of 1 MV with a projected growth of up to 10 MV, a transmission network with one pass-through trunk line with distributed transformation along the line). Currently, to develop a mathematical model, the following factors are considered: the average length of the power line and the total load of an enterprise. The proposed models do not allow us to quantify the dynamics of the gas fields power supply system considering the multiple growth of the electrical load in each period of the life cycle. The purpose of this study is to develop a model to solve this problem. An extreme experiment has been carried out during the research. The following input data are set: the average length of the power line; the number of gas clusters; the growth rate of the electric load. The response function is the voltage class that is optimal for the minimum discounted cost. The authors suggest the regression model. In this model the “total load” factor is split into two components, they are gas clusters and growth rate of electric loads. The algorithm to select the optimal voltage class of a distribution grid is proposed. The dynamic experiment is carried out and the growth rate of electric loads in the regressive model is being changed while other factors are being unchanged. As a result, the optimal minimum of the discounted costs of the voltage class for each period of the field life cycle is obtained. The algorithm is implemented in “PRON” software. With the help of “PRON” software, the distribution grids of several operating gas fields in Western Siberia have been investigated. The optimal voltage class of a distribution grid of gas fields is 20 kV. The reliability of the results is verified by reference models of calculating discounted costs.
Public Engagement in Climate Communication on China’s Weibo: Network Structure and Information Flows
Authors: Yang Yixi , Stoddart Mark C. J.
Published: April 2021

This article provides an empirical study of public engagement with climate change discourse in China by analysing how Chinese publics participate in the public discussion around two Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports and how individual users interact with state and elite actors on the pre-eminent Chinese microblogging platform Weibo. Using social network analysis methods and a temporal comparison, we examine the structure of climate communication networks, the direction of information flows among multiple types of Weibo users, and the changes in information diffusion patterns between the pre- and post-Paris periods. Our results show there is an increasing yet constrained form of public engagement in climate communication on Weibo alongside China’s pro-environmental transition in recent years. We find an expansion of public engagement as shown by individual users’ increasing influence in communication networks and the diversification of frames associated with climate change discourse. However, we also find three restrictive interaction tendencies that limit Weibo’s potential to facilitate multi-directional communication and open public deliberation of climate change, including the decline of mutually balanced dialogic interactions, the lack of bottom-up information flows, and the reinforcement of homophily tendencies amongst eco-insiders and governmental users. These findings highlight the coexistence of both opportunities and constraints of Weibo being a venue for public engagement with climate communication and as a forum for a new climate politics and citizen participation in China.
Contrasting Views of Citizens’ Assemblies: Stakeholder Perceptions of Public Deliberation on Climate Change
Authors: Sandover Rebecca , Moseley Alice , Devine-Wright Patrick
Published: April 2021

It has been argued that a ‘new climate politics’ has emerged in recent years, in the wake of global climate change protest movements. One part of the new climate politics entails experimentation with citizen-centric input into policy development, via mechanisms of deliberative democracy such as citizens’ assemblies. Yet relatively little is known about the motivations and aspirations of those commissioning climate assemblies or about general public perceptions of these institutions. Addressing these issues is important for increasing understanding of what these deliberative mechanisms represent in the context of climate change, how legitimate, credible and useful they are perceived to be by those involved, and whether they represent a radical way of doing politics differently or a more incremental change. This article addresses these gaps by presenting findings from mixed method research on prior expectations of the Devon Climate Assembly, proposed following the declaration of a climate emergency in 2019. The research compares and contrasts the views of those commissioning and administering the citizens’ assembly, with those of the wider public. Findings indicate widespread support, yet also considerable risk and uncertainty associated with holding the assembly. Enabling input into policy of a broad array of public voices was seen as necessary for effective climate response, yet there was scepticism about the practical challenges involved in ensuring citizen representation, and about whether politicians, and society more generally, would embrace the ‘hard choices’ required. The assembly was diversely represented as a means to unlock structural change, and as an instrumental tool to achieve behaviour change at scale. The Devon Climate Assembly appears to indicate ‘cautious experimentation’ where democratic innovation is widely embraced yet carefully constrained, offering only a modest example of a ‘new climate politics,’ with minimal challenges to the authority of existing institutions.
The San Andreas Fault Paleoseismic Record at Elizabeth Lake: Why are There Fewer Surface-Rupturing Earthquakes on the Mojave Section?
Authors: Bemis Sean P. , Scharer Kate , Dolan James F.
Published: April 2021

The structural complexity of active faults and the stress release history along the fault system may exert control on the locus and extent of individual earthquake ruptures. Fault bends, in particular, are often invoked as a possible mechanism for terminating earthquake ruptures. However, there are few records available to examine how these factors may influence the along-fault recurrence of earthquakes. We present a new paleoearthquake chronology for the southern San Andreas fault at Elizabeth Lake and integrate this record with existing paleoearthquake records to examine how the timing and frequency of earthquakes vary through a major restraining bend. This restraining bend features a mature, throughgoing right-lateral strike-slip fault, two major fault intersections, proposed subsurface fault dip changes, and a >200  km long section of fault misaligned with the regional plate motion. The Frazier Mountain, Elizabeth Lake, Pallett Creek, Wrightwood, and Pitman Canyon paleoseismic sites are located on this relatively linear surface trace of the San Andreas fault between fault bends. Our paleoseismic investigations at Elizabeth Lake document 4–5 earthquakes, since ∼1100  C.E., similar to the number of earthquakes recorded at Pallett Creek. In contrast, the Frazier Mountain and Wrightwood sites each record 8–9 earthquakes during this same time period. Differences in earthquake frequency demonstrate that fewer earthquakes rupture the central portion of the restraining bend than occur near the fault bends and intersections. Furthermore, the similarity of earthquake records from the Bidart Fan paleoseismic site northwest of the restraining bend and the Frazier Mountain paleoseismic site suggests that the broad, 30° curve of the Big Bend section of the San Andreas fault exerts less influence on fault rupture behavior than the 3D geometry of the Mojave sections of the fault.
Ağız Florasındaki Streptokokların Adli Bilimlerde Kimliklendirme Açısından Araştırılması
Authors: Bozaslan Buse Sabiha , Çakan Hüseyin
Published: April 2021

Forensic Microbiology which is a new field and mentioned about this microscobic evidences in forensic science; comes into question in terms of defined of microorganisms with protected innocents and defined guilty at the result of changing social life. Located in mind that study of oral microflora streptococcus that we might be made on various objects; named in identification of microorganisms used and can not be used, planned to investigate.
This study; 50 people in the mouth, apples, cigarettes and chewing gum swabs cultivation operation, including 200 different swab broth is made.  All of microorganisms that have been investigated in the oral microflora of people. According to the obtained data; as the predominant species in these microorganisms has been determined that alpha hemolytic streptococci. It is unique flora in the mouth of people the rare microorganisms in the mouth that some people are determined to make it special in terms of identification. In this case, the bite mark left in any place, in any event and any objects it has been possible to say that an evidence of the gain will betray that person.
As a result; so much in terms of clinical and forensic science is important to us that these bacteria Streptococcus, we aim to contribute with a different approach in terms of forensic microbiology.
An Analysis of the Long-Run Performance IPOs and Effects in the Kenyan Stock Market
Authors: Mburugu Sarah Kinya
Published: April 2021

Listing of a company in the securities exchange has been observed to be followed by underpricing in the first day and long term period of underperformance in terms of pricing in the subsequent days. Consequently, there has been a considerable curiosity from stakeholders, investors and academics to comprehend the assessments of why companies go public and the issues surrounding the short and long-run performance of newly issued equities. Underpricing is necessary to induce uninformed investors to participate in IPO offering when faced with adverse selection from informed investors. This often leads to first day price not reflecting a fair value of the IPO. The objective of the study was to determine the long-run performance IPOs and effects in the Kenyan stock market for the period 2007-2014. A descriptive survey research design was employed in the study. The population of the study encompassed all the 64 listed companies at the NSE as at 2016. The study employed a non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data collected for this study was secondary data obtained from NSE website, NSE price lists and the Central Bank of Kenya website for the period 2007 to 2014. The data obtained was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Mean Average Buy and Hold Returns (MABHR), Abnormal Returns (AR) and Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CAR) were used to calculate the performance of the stocks. T-statistic for CAR was computed to the test for its significance. T-test was conducted at 95% confidence level to find if MABHR and CAR were statistically significant after IPOs announcement.
Dampak E-Learning terhadap Anggaran Pelatihan Kementerian Keuangan
Authors: Rakhmadina Dita , Setyaningrum Dyah
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to analyze the impact of e-learning on training budgets, compare the standard costs of traditional training and e-learning, and formulate standard output costs of e-learning. This study was conducted to provide recommendations for improving budget efficiency in government organizations. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach by exploring phenomena in the government budget due to e-learning implementation. Data collection techniques were interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that e-learning implementation significantly saves the training budget and increases the number of training participants. However, the cost standard is less optimal because they do not cover all the costs needed to deliver e-learning. The standard costs should be differentiated for each type of e-learning. Also, the current organizational structure needs to be changed to achieve maximum efficiency in e-learning implementation.Keywords: Budget, Efficiency, E-Learning, New Public Management AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak e-learning terhadap anggaran pelatihan, perbandingan standar biaya keluaran pelatihan klasikal dan e-learning, dan penyusunan standar biaya keluaran sesuai dengan komponen pembentuk biaya yang diperlukan untuk menyelenggarakan e-learning. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan rekomendasi  dalam rangka meningkatkan efisiensi anggaran  pada organisasi pemerintah penyelenggara pendidikan dan pelatihan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dengan menggali fenomena yang terjadi pada anggaran suatu instansi pemerintah sebagai akibat dari penyelenggaraan e-learning. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelenggaraan pelatihan e-learning secara signifikan dapat menghemat anggaran pelatihan dan meningkatkan jumlah peserta yang dapat dilatih. Namun, standar biaya yang disusun saat ini belum optimal karena belum mencerminkan seluruh biaya yang diperlukan untuk menyelenggarakan e-learning. Standar biaya yang disusun sebaiknya dibedakan sesuai jenis pelatihan e-learning. Selain itu, untuk meningkatkan efisiensi anggaran atas pelaksanaan e-learning diperlukan penyesuaian kebutuhan kompetensi SDM dan struktur organisasi yang ada saat ini yang lebih sesuai dengan proses bisnis pelatihan e-learning.Kata Kunci:  Anggaran, Standar Biaya, Efisiensi, E-Learning
Fuel Availability and Java Households Cooking Fuel Choices: Evidence from Indonesia’s LPG Subsidy Policy
Authors: Lestarianingsih Restu , Adrison Vid
Published: April 2021

In 2007, Indonesia launched a 3 kg Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinder for poor households, and micro-enterprises were started on Java island to reduce the burden of fuel subsidies. In its implementation, the subsidized LPG may also be used by non-target households, which has implications for the government’s fiscal burden. To avoid this, it is necessary to understand household behavior towards non-subsidized LPG choices. Household income and fuel availability determine the choice of household cooking fuel types. However, existing studies have not seen the relationship between subsidized and non-subsidized LPG as a household cooking fuel. Using rich data from the March 2018 National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (KESDM) information, this study examined the relationship between income, subsidized LPG quota as a representation of the availability of subsidized fuel, and non-subsidized LPG choices as household cooking fuel in Java in 2018. The Multinomial Logit model's estimation results found that an increase in income and a decrease in subsidized LPG quotas were correlated with an increase in the opportunity to choose non-subsidized LPG as household cooking fuel in Java in 2018. Furthermore, this study revealed that the largest subsidized LPG users were non-poor households.
Use of rescue high frequency oscillation ventilation in neonates with acute respiratory failure after failing conventional ventilation
Authors: Kumble Ali , Phadke Abhishek K. , Shafi Shakib
Published: April 2021

Background: High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a newer mode of ventilation in neonates. The objective of this study was to study the efficacy of rescue HFOV in improving the oxygenation and ventilation in neonates with acute respiratory failure after failing synchronised intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV).Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 12 months. Neonates with respiratory distress requiring ventilation on SIMV mode based upon the unit protocol were included in the study. Babies who have failed on SIMV were then switched over to HFOV. The primary outcome measures were oxygenation index (OI), ventilation: alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaDO2) and duration of ventilation with a secondary outcome measure of mortality and complications associated with ventilation.Results: A total of 65 babies were ventilated out of which 11 babies required high frequency oscillatory ventilation as per the study protocol. Of 11 neonates who were oscillated eight (72.7%) improved and survived. Among the babies who survived OI<13 was seen in a total of six babies in the first three hours of oscillation and OI<10 was seen in two babies. There was no statistically significance difference in the incidence of intra-ventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and pneumothorax between HFOV and SIMV group.Conclusions: High frequency oscillatory ventilation was found to improve short term oxygenation and ventilation in neonates who failed SIMV. HFOV is not associated with increased risk of pneumothorax or IVH.
Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity of 4-hydrooxy benzalydehide against NSAIDs induced ulcers in rats
Authors: Jadhav Rupali V. , Redasani V. K. , Kalbhare Shankar B. , Yadav Karishma , Langeh Aryan , Tidke Amuruta
Published: April 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate antiulcer activity of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde against NSAIDs induced ulcer in rats based differences in its morphology, distance with other external landmarks and also to sigmoid and transverse sinuses.Methods: The antiulcer activity of 4-HBD was evaluated using pylorus ligation-aspirin induced ulcer method. Animals of this models were treated with 4-HBD (50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg).Results: It has been observed that 4-HBD at low dose (50mg/kg), intermediate dose (100mg/kg) and high dose (150mg/kg) showed significant increase in pH, significant decrease in gastric volume, significant decrease in ulcer index and significant decrease in total acidity.Conclusions: The impact of 4-HBD therapy with intermediate (100mg/kg, p.o.) dose was observed to be similar with the positive control group.
Prophylactic ondansetron eight milligrams versus four milligrams against post spinal anaesthesia shivering
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Singh Anuj , Sharma Shamabhu P. , Dutta Amitava , Sharma Amit Kumar
Published: April 2021

Background: Shivering is one of the commonly encountered adverse affect after spinal anaesthesia. Shivering can be very discomforting to the patient and hampers operative maneuvering. Pharmacological therapies have been studied for control and management of shivering. One such drug is ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist. Aim of current study is to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic administration of ondansetron 8 mg vs. 4 mg for prevention of shivering.Methods: A prospective, randomized, and double blind study was conducted on 100 patients, from either gender, aged 20-60 years, of the American society of anesthesiologists grade I or II, scheduled for various surgeries under spinal anesthesia. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 50 each to receive either ondansetron 8 mg (group E) or ondansetron 4 mg, (group F) as slow intravenous infusion prior to spinal anesthesia. The primary end point were intraoperative shivering and secondary outcomes included hypotension, adverse reaction, cardiac dysrhythmia’s.Results: A total of 10 patients in group E (20%) and 20 (40%) patients in group F experienced shivering (p=0.029). Incidence of nausea was similar in both groups, total of 8 (16%) patients in group E and 5 (10%) in group B had hypotension (p=0.27). 1 (2%) patient in group E experienced bradycardia.Conclusions: Prophylactic administration of ondansetron 8 mg has better efficacy in prevention of spinal anaesthesia induced shivering with minimal side effects as compared to 4 mg dosage.
Thyroid ectopia: a case series
Authors: Sugunan Aneesh , Hussain Zahir S. , Palaniappan Kumaran Muthappan , Puzhakkal Shikhil , Ahmed Althaf , Ramesh Kalyanapu , Raghavan Adarsh , Priya Sahithi
Published: April 2021

Ectopic thyroid is a form of thyroid dysgenesis and is defined as the presence of thyroid tissue in an abnormal location. Its prevalence is about 1 per 1,00, 000-3,00,000 people, rising to 1 per 4,000-8,000 patients with thyroid diseases. The most common sites of ectopic thyroid are lingual (90%) and anterior neck (10%). They are usually diagnosed with hypothyroidism with a mass with, or without pressure symptoms in the 2nd or 3rd decade of life when there is increased demand of thyroid hormone. Presence of two ectopic foci of thyroid tissue simultaneously is rare, and very few such cases of dual thyroid ectopia have been reported. We present a case series of 3 ectopic thyroid with 3 different clinical presentation. The first case is a 19-year-old boy who presented with clinical and biochemical overt hypothyroidism and was discovered to have only a sublingual ectopic thyroid gland. The second case is a 16-year-old girl who presented with dysphagia and on evaluation was found to have a dual ectopic thyroid gland in the lingual and sub lingual region. The third case is a 28-year-old women who presented with a sub hyoid swelling which on evaluation was diagnosed as a dual ectopic thyroid in the lingual and sub lingual region.
Vanek's tumour: a rare cause of small bowel intussusception
Authors: Jain Meenal , Sundaresan Vinoth , Gowthaman Siddhartha , Manickam Ramanathan
Published: April 2021

Adult intussusceptions which are most always caused by pathological lead points are rare and account for about 1% of all bowel obstructions and 5% of all intussusceptions. Most of them present with acute or chronic non-specific symptoms and due to which its initial diagnosis can sometimes be missed or delayed. We present the case of a 52-year-old lady who presented with intestinal obstruction caused by an ileo-ileal intussusception, caused by a peculiar tumour, inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP).
Diagnostic role of rapid urinary trypsinogen-2 strip test in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Jain Meenal , Sundaresan Vinoth , Gowthaman Siddhartha , Manickam Ramanathan
Published: April 2021

Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common surgical conditions that present with acute abdomen. Serum amylase and lipase are one of the most important and widely used laboratory methods to diagnosis acute pancreatitis. However, these tests have had unsatisfactory results in terms of their sensitivity and specificity. Urinary trypsinogen-2 strip test has been developed for the detection of increased levels of trypsinogen-2 in urine and has been suggested to play an important role in the screening of aucte pancreatitis on the basis of its rapid results. In this review, we aimed to assess the diagnostic role of the same existing articles using databases like pubmed, google scholar, medline, pubmed central. We analysed about 50 articles all of which were in English and 15 were excluded on the basis of our subject criteria.
TOPRSS: a simple clinical score to predict outcome and mortality in paediatric emergency department
Authors: S. Trishya Reddy , Raja D. Venkatapathy
Published: April 2021

Background: To validate the clinical scoring system TOPRSS for the severity of the illness to prioritize care and predict outcomes in the emergency department.Methods: This prospective hospital-based observational study in 100 children for three months carried out. Cases<1-month age or>14 years excluded. Demographics data, provisional diagnosis, hemodynamics, seizures, and other clinical parameters were recorded on predesigned proforma at the time of admission. Final outcome of the patient, either discharge or death, was considered as the primary variable.Results: Out of 100 children, 92 were discharged and 8 deaths were recorded. Of the six variables, oxygen saturation and sensorium were found to be significantly associated with mortality. Logistic regression found that variables such as oxygen saturation and sensorium were strongly associated with mortality with a highly significant p value of 1% and variables such as pulse rate and seizures were also associated with mortality with a significant P value of 5%.Conclusions: For triage in pediatric emergency, a patient with two or more abnormal variables should be evaluated to facilitate admission as they have a potential risk of death. TOPRSS score being a simple clinical scoring system which does not require any expertise can applied at all levels of health care to identify critically ill patient referral to higher centre especially in regions of resource poor environment.
Neurological assessment and immediate outcome of newborns treated with therapeutic hypothermia at tertiary care hospital of southern Rajasthan-a randomized control trial
Authors: Goyal Suresh , Sanadhya Anuradha , Mehrotra Juhi , Jain Bhupesh , Kachhwaha Ritika
Published: April 2021

Background: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is standard-of-care for infants with moderate and severe HIE in developed countries; TH has been shown to decrease the risk of brain injury in asphyxiated newborns. Observations were like: 1) Asses morbidity and mortality in neonates with moderate and severe birth asphyxia treated with TH and 2) Asses neurological outcome in neonates.Methods: A RCT was done in NICU of Balchikitsalaya, RNTMC, Udaipur. Phase changing material, FS 21, FS 29 used to provide TH for 72 hours, started within 6 hours of birth and neurological outcome was assessed.Results: Total 60 neonates were enrolled 30 cases given TH and 30 control not given TH. Neurological assessment on basis of Thompson scoring, done on admission, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours for both groups. At 48 hours, mean score in controls 14.5±1.67 and cases 11.47±2.34 (p<0.05). At discharge, mean score for controls was 11.31±3.67 and for cases was 5.24±2.72 (p<0.005). Mortality was 4 (13.3%) in cases and 11 (36.7%) in control group. Among 45 survivors, 25 (55.5%) required anticonvulsant at discharge; 15 from controls, 10 from cases group.Conclusions: There was significant decrease in mortality in birth asphyxia babies given TH as compared to babies not given TH. Also, significant improvement in Thompson score among the cooled neonates at and after 48 hours of age suggestive of better immediate neurological outcome in these babies. Anticonvulsant’s requirement was also significantly less in therapeutic hypothermia group.
Establish normative value of Alberta infant motor scale in Pune population
Authors: Khandare Shilpa , Patel Krina , Shah Vidhi , Gazbare Preeti
Published: April 2021

Background: The Alberta infant motor scale (AIMS) is a norm-reference test that assessed the spontaneous motor performance of infant 0-18 month. AIMS is development, motor assessment tools in the evaluation of motor risk in infants, but this scale was formulated by using western samples. In every country various differences are observed in the culture and ethnicity. Therefore, there is a need to establish normative value of AIMS in Pune population. Aim of the study was to establish normative value of AIMS in Pune population.Methods: A descriptive one time study of 420 healthy infants aged between 0 to 18 months was included in the study. Infants were observed in prone, supine, sitting, and standing positions. Infants were measured using the AIMS test and represent normative value in Pune population.Results: Medcalc software was used for the statistical analysis. For each month we calculated the mean AIMS score, and standard deviation, as well as percentiles. Results showed increases in raw scores across age groups from 0 to 15 months of age. The stability of raw scores was observed after 16 months of age. Pune infants demonstrated lower scores in specific ages compared to the Canadian sample.Conclusions: Although the AIMS is used in both research and clinical practice, it has certain limitations in terms of behavioral differentiation before 2 months and after 15 months. This reduced sensitivity at the extremes of the age range may be related to the number of motor items assessed at these ages’ months.
Bargaining with social construction of gender identities: transgender realities in Cumilla, Bangladesh
Authors: Nasrin Shamema
Published: April 2021

Background: This study explored the agency of intention of transgender women within everyday forms of resistance (thought, desire, intension, and communication) against the rigorous binary biological composition and gender identities in Bangladesh's social context. Transgender women ask society to take distinct and subjective gender identities thoughtfully and uphold their right to make a transition. Transgender women go through the psychological narrative where a specific sex organ does not outline the intact gender identifications. They want to be accepted, understood and supported by establishing their inner gender identities endeavored to their agency and deconstruction of customary gender identities. Methods: The study was conducted at Kaptan Bazar, Cumilla Sadar in Cumilla, Bangladesh; twenty in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions were adopted to gather primary data. The study participants engaged with various projects and contributed health services and social counseling to other transgender and male sex workers.Results: The result considered transgender womans agency grounded in internal sharing, communication, daily activities, and viewpoints of identity position. Informal, undeclared thoughts, actions, and experiences portrayed numerous connections to their agency of intention. Encounters of participants presented a profound explanation of everyday resistance.Conclusions: The agency of intention of transgender women may create a dialogue against socio-cultural prejudice and structural injustice; simultaneously, it can intersect a better consequence in proper contexts.
Perception, practices and preparedness of the adult population in response to SARS CoV-2 pandemic in India
Authors: Jain Arpita , Toppo Manju , Gour Devendra , Verma Shipra
Published: April 2021

Background: COVID-19 infection is a highly contagious disease and has affected a large population. As COVID-19 is a new disease and is having the most devastating effects globally, its emergence and spread, causes confusion, anxiety and fear among the general public. Objectives of the study were to know the preparedness measures adopted by the community by large in the beginning of epidemic of COVID-19 and to find out the perceptions and behavioral change of the community regarding COVID-19.Method: A cross sectional survey was conducted amongst the residents of India from 11th April 20 to 30th May 20. It was an online study. An online semi-structured questionnaire having both open and close ended   questions was developed by using Google forms, with a consent form appended to it. Data was collected in Google form and was reentered in MS excel and analyzed using EPIINFO.Results: Out of 301 study participants majority i.e., 162 (53.8%) of them were male. Majority of the participants were in the age group of 21-30. Occupation status of the respondents revealed that doctor accounted for 125 (41.5%). Only, 24 (8%) had chronic illness. Awareness regarding COVID-19 was 297 (98.7%).Conclusions: Perceptions have a great role in behavioral change.
Assessment of health problems and healthcare expenditure, utilization of healthcare schemes and insurances among residents of Dhanas UT Chandigarh
Authors: Thakur Kanchan , . Raveen , . Sita , Kumar Suresh , Sharma Vineeta , Prinja Shankar , Saini Sushma Kumari
Published: April 2021

Background: Non-communicable diseases account for high burden of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Increased burden and need of long-lasting medical care pose adverse financial implications on poor households. It becomes even more difficult in the absence of any financial risk protection (FRP). In that case the families are forced to manage health care expenditures from the money needed for their routine daily expenses thus increasing Out of pocket expenditures. Objective of the study was to assess the morbidity burden, and out of pocket (OOP) expenditure on healthcare; assess the utilization of health care insurance schemes.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the residents of Dhanas Village Chandigarh using systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected by interviewing the participants as per interview schedule on disease patterns, OOP expenditures, and coping methods used for   incurring health care expenses.  From total 419 selected families, one adult member from each family was interviewed at their own house setting.Results: A low insurance coverage (20.5%) was reported and among insured 66.2% had availed benefits. The illness rate was found to be 14.2% and hospitalization rate was 3.7%. The endocrinal disorders were most prevalent among the residents. One third (36.5%) of households had faced catastrophic expenditure for outpatient and 10% for the inpatient care. The salary was leading source of expenditure.Conclusions: There is low insurance coverage and high catastrophic expenditure among the households.
A community-based study on the awareness and prevention of hypercholesterolemia in adults
Authors: Bhatia Kunalika , Patel Puja T. , Das Biplob K.
Published: April 2021

Background: Intake of unhealthy junk food results into long standing health issues and the research in this paper is focused towards analyzing the knowledge of non-medical population about hypercholesterolemia and to upgrade their education concerned with healthy lifestyle modifications and essential safety measures identified with elevated cholesterol levels and related diseases.Methods:  It was a prospective pre-and post-education interventional study carried out on 400 non-medical students at PES degree college Bangalore. A self-managed survey was conveyed to participants using a validated questionnaire during their usual college hours. The data analysis was done utilizing Microsoft excel tool.Results: Out of 400 participants in pre-education interventional study awareness about hypercholesterolemia was found excellent in 129 subjects, average in 243 subjects and poor in 28 subjects, where as in post-education interventional study awareness about hypercholesterolemia was found to be excellent in 355 subjects average in 44 subjects and poor in 1 subject.Conclusions: The significant increment was found in the degree of information among the participants. All over the study was an achievement and the objective of the examination was satisfied. Few participants showed lack of interest however spreading awareness and instructing about wellbeing viewpoints can bring the distinction just if the picked-up information is executed in everyday life.
A cross-sectional study on awareness and perceptions regarding taxation and health warnings and factors influencing decreased consumption of sugar sweetened beverages among medical students of Bhopal, India with respect to future implementation of such policies
Authors: Mandal Soumya K. , Revadi G. , Parida Darshan , Sembiah Sembagamuthu , Majumdar Anindo
Published: April 2021

Background: Consumption of excessive sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been linked to non-communicable diseases. It is imperative to understand the perceptions regarding taxation and health warnings amongst the medical students, since they are important stakeholders and as there is some evidence that the government may introduce these soon. Objective was to document the awareness and perceptions about taxation and health warnings on SSBs and the predictors of decreasing consumption of SSBs with regards to their future implementation.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among all the undergraduate medical students of a premier teaching hospital of central India during October and November 2019. A web-based self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection using Kobo toolbox. Data were analysed using the SPSS software version 24 (IBM SPSS).Results: About three fourths of the study participants were not aware of any taxes on SSBs and had never seen any health warning on SSB packaging. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that those aged ≥ 20 were not in favour of decreasing SSB consumption if health warning is present. Participants who were females, whose fathers were professionals, had consumed SSB in the previous seven days, were aware of taxes and those with inadequate sleep were not in favour of decreasing SSB consumption if taxes are increased.Conclusions: There is a need to include health education regarding the harmful effects of consumption of SSBs and to make aware of the benefits of the taxes and warning labels beginning from school days and continued during medical schools.
A case of mistaken identity: an enthesitis-related arthritis case report
Authors: Blackard Michael F. , Patel Prapti A. , Pandya Divya A. , Gupta Manish K. , Pandya Abhijit S.
Published: April 2021

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common inflammatory rheumatological condition affecting children. The condition stems from the inability of the immune system to discriminate between self and not-self leading to inappropriate immune reactions against joints. The different subtypes are differentiated by the number of joints involved and the presence or absence of certain exclusion factors. Due to overlapping diagnostic criterion and range of clinical presentation, diagnosis can be a difficult task. Our patient initially presented with joint swelling without pain that was initially diagnosed with traumatic swelling that later was considered to be of an infectious etiology. A biopsy revealed synovitis but current treatment for traumatic and infectious causes continued to fail. Finally, an additional joint showed inflammation leading to additional testing that uncovered that the patient was positive for HLA-B27 as well as a first degree relative with ankylosing spondylitis. This coupled with the inflammatory biopsy findings led to the diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The identification of an HLA-B27 positive patient is important as this population has been shown to have low rates of remission, resistance to certain treatments used for juvenile idiopathic arthritis, specifically DMARDS and corticosteroids which are often first line treatments for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The HLA-B27 patient population has also been shown to progress to axial involvement and joint destruction leading to earlier need for arthroplasties. As early identification is important in the determination to begin biologic treatments early in the disease course, physician should maintain a clinical suspicion for JIA when dealing with swollen joints in the pediatric population.
Infant oral health care: a review on parent’s role in infant oral health
Authors: Singh Raghavendr , Lakhanam Medha
Published: April 2021

The maintenance and prevention of oral health is one of major concern of parents. Dental caries is one of most common oral manifestation because of lack of knowledge and improper techniques. The first visit should be planned at early ages only so that proper guidance and knowledge should be imparted to the parent to prevent oral diseases. The first visit should include oral screening, oral habit monitoring, Brushing technique demonstration and fluoride application if needed. There should be more involvement to strengthen the role of pediatricians’ in children’s oral health requires an understanding of their current knowledge and practice. In this scoping review, we aimed to comprehensively map what is known about the knowledge and practice of parents regarding children’s oral health.
A rare case of primary cutaneous diffuse large B cell lymphoma, leg type with metastasis
Authors: Bose Agni K. , Khade Pandharinath K. , Kharkar Vidya D.
Published: April 2021

Primary cutaneous diffuse large B cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL-LT) is a rare and aggressive type of primary cutaneous B cell lymphoma (PCBCL), which represents 10-20% cases of PCBCL. It has a 40-50% recurrence rate and 5 year survival rate of 50%. Here, we present a case of an 86 year old female who presented to us with complaints of slightly tender annular plaques with an oedematous base present over bilateral lower limbs and pitting oedema. Histopathological examination from the annular lesion showed normal epidermis, grenz zone and a dense lymphoid infiltrate involving almost the entire dermis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed histological findings, atypical cell were positive for CD20 and MUM1 protein with focal expression of BCL 6 which is rare. Based on the above findings, we made a diagnosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma-leg type and started her on palliative radiotherapy. As PCBCL-LT is rare and aggressive lymphoma, we present this case to review literature and summarise its clinical features.
Inert Gas and Refrigerating Vapor Mass Flow Rates Ratio: A Much Promising Parameter for Diffusion-Absorption-Refrigeration Systems Performances Evaluation
Authors: Zebbar Djallel , Zebbar Souhila , Kherris Sahraoui , Mostefa Kouider
Published: April 2021

This paper is consecrated to the thermodynamic study and analysis of diffusion-absorption-refrigeration (DAR) plants. The mass and energy balances analysis at the evaporator has allowed to highlight a new and original parameter, which can be used to analyze DAR system performances. It is the ratio of inert gas to refrigerant vapor mass flow rates at the evaporator inlets. This coefficient, which expression has been for the first time deduced mathematically, informs about the quality of the cycle and its performance, which are deeply affected by the growth of the inert gas flow energy expended to drive the refrigerant through the evaporator. The study shows that the coefficient of performance is decreasing with the increase of the mass flow rates ratio. The latter can be also used to find the optimal operating mode for the DAR machine with a specified working fluid.
De los estudios locales a una perspectiva regional: análisis integrado de datos secundarios en un proyecto colaborativo sobre vulnerabilidades asociadas al uso de drogas en Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay (1998-2004)
Authors: Ralón Gonzalo , Rossi Diana , Vila Marcelo , Latorre Laura , Bastos Francisco Inácio , Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira
Published: April 2021

Este artículo desarrolla los fundamentos metodológicos del diseño de análisis integrado a partir de su empleo para el estudio de situaciones de vulnerabilidad entre usuarios de drogas a nivel regional. Se integraron datos de trece estudios transversales realizados en Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay entre 1998 y 2004. Una revisión crítica del concepto de matriz de datos, que distingue cuatro componentes estructurales, permitió: definir las unidades de análisis abarcando las distintas poblaciones originales; identificar un núcleo común de variables (características sociodemográficas, uso de drogas, prácticas sexuales, serologías de infecciones de transmisión sexual y sanguínea) con sus respectivos valores; examinar los indicadores, las dimensiones y procedimientos empleados para la medición de las variables; y establecer su compatibilidad mediante un análisis comparativo y temático de los instrumentos. Se obtuvo una nueva matriz de 3.534 casos. La colaboración multidisciplinaria entre equipos e instituciones de los tres países hizo posible maximizar las fuentes disponibles para el análisis de características locales y de la región en su conjunto.
Descentralización y equidad: el gasto público en salud en los municipios de la provincia de Buenos Aires
Authors: Lago Fernando Pablo , Moscoso Nebel Silvana , Elorza María Eugenia , Ripari Nadia Vanina
Published: April 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el grado de equidad en el acceso a los servicios de salud del subsector público entre los habitantes sin cobertura de salud de los municipios de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Mediante un estudio cuantitativo y retrospectivo se analizó la desigualdad en la distribución del gasto público en salud per cápita, variable que se emplea como una proxy de la capacidad de acceso a los servicios de salud de los habitantes de cada jurisdicción. Los resultados indican la existencia de fuertes disparidades en los niveles de gasto en salud por habitante sin cobertura sanitaria. Asimismo, la existencia de mayores necesidades de atención de la salud (estimadas con la tasa de mortalidad infantil y el porcentaje de hogares con necesidades básicas insatisfechas) no se corresponde con niveles más altos de gasto público. Finalmente, se detectó una asociación positiva entre la riqueza relativa de los municipios (medida por el producto bruto geográfico per cápita) y el monto per cápita de las erogaciones en salud.
La Universidad de Buenos Aires en la década de 1970: análisis del comunicado de prensa en solidaridad con Rodolfo Puiggrós
Authors: Recalde Aritz
Published: April 2021

Este artículo reconstruye el contexto histórico de aparición del comunicado de prensa emitido por las autoridades de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en solidaridad con el historiador y rector de la universidad, Rodolfo Puiggrós, luego de su renuncia. Su gestión intentó ligar los planes científicos y tecnológicos de la institución al nuevo modelo de desarrollo iniciado por Héctor Cámpora y el peronismo en el año 1973. Se hace referencia al proyecto de transformación de la universidad que fue impulsado por Puiggrós y que articuló tradiciones ideológicas marxistas, reformistas y nacionalistas; se introducen algunas claves de lectura para analizar la causa de la renuncia de Puiggrós y se recuperan los argumentos del comunicado de prensa publicado por la Dirección de Prensa y Difusión de la Universidad de Buenos Aires el 5 de octubre de 1973.