bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Struktur von Mimulaxanthin / The Structure of Mimulaxanthin
Authors: Nitsche Helfried
Published: August 2018

Mimulaxanthin, a xanthophyll from the petals of Mimulus guttatus (Monkey flower), has the structure of a 6,7,6′,7′-tetradehydro-5,6,5′,6′-tetrahydro,β,β-carotene-3,5,3′,5′-tetrol. This was con­ firmed by mass, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectra. The pigment yielded a diacetate, diacetate-di (trimethylsilyl)-ether, and a diether with acidified methanol. The free or acetylated pigment was transformed into the diacetylenic xanthophyll alloxanthin (7,8,7′,8′-tetra-dehydro-β,β-carotene-3,3′-diol) or alloxanthin-diacetate with acidic acetone.
Fluorescence Studies on Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase
Authors: Böger Peter , Lien Stephen S. , San Pietro Anthony
Published: August 2018

With highly purified preparations of ferredoxin-NADP reductase (EC 1.6.99.4; also EC 1.6.1.1) from spinach chloroplasts a strong flavin fluorescence was observed (excitation at 450 nm). At pH 7.0, the fluorescence was approximately 40% higher than that of free FAD. Pure reductase from the heterokont alga Bumilleriopsis had only a fluorescence of less than 5% of that of the spinach protein. Essentially the same low fluorescence was found with impure spinach reductase preparations. The low-fluorescent samples of both species exhibited about the same quenching response to salts and buffers which differed from the highly fluorescent spinach flavoprotein preparation. The low fluorescence of the algal protein could be enhanced by NADP, but not by ferredoxin. Maximum fluorescence increase was observed when reductase and NADP were present in a 1:1 molar ratio. Ferredoxin did not counteract the reductase are hereby substantiated.
The Effect of Pattern Movement on the Impulse Activity of the Cervical Connective of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Hengstenberg R.
Published: August 2018

Action potentials of some of the 3578 nerve fibres in the cervical connective of Drosophila melanogaster can be recorded with extracellular electrodes. The spike rate increases if moving striped patterns are presented to the compound eyes, especially with horizontal front-to-back movement. The response is small or absent with the reverse (or with vertical) directions of movement. The main properties of this response are described, and briefly discussed.
Measurement of a Steady State Current in the Dark in Photoreceptors of the Barnacle
Authors: Krischer Christof C. , Hupp D.
Published: August 2018

Receptor potentials are measured extracellularly by means of an air gap method along the optic nerve of the median and the lateral photoreceptor of the barnacle. Both photoreceptors have an outward dark current (photoreceptor positive with respect to the nerve) which is diminished ap­proximately 70% during the plateau phase of the receptor potential. Ouabain abolishes dark current and receptor potential in the same proportion. With a Limulus lateral eye preparation a dark cur­rent and light induced current changes were measured which had the same polarity and a similar magnitude as the receptor currents of the barnacle.
Effects of Ultrasonic Irradiation upon Amoeba proteus
Authors: Holmer N. G. , Johnsson A. , Josefsson J..
Published: August 2018

Amoeba proteus was ultrasonically irradiated, the ultrasonic mean output intensity being about 0.4 W/cm2 at 1 MHz. Contractions of amoebae, rotations and aggregation of intracellular particles and cell membrane damages were observed. At even lower ultrasonic intensities sodium pinocytosis was found to increase after application of ultrasound.
Effect of D2O on the Circadian Rhythm of Petal Movement of Kalanchoe
Authors: Maurer Albrecht , Engelmann Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

D2O lengthens the free running period of the circadian petal movement of isolated Kalanchoe flowers by 1.6% per 10% heavy water. This corresponds to findings reported in the literature for other organisms. 100% D2O administered in the form of 4 hour pulses at various phases of the circadian cycle lead to phase responses zero to maximally 1.5 hour delays. No advancing phase shifts occur. Possible ways in which lengthening of the period occurs are discussed.
Effect of Salts on the Activity and Inhibition of E. coli Membrane ATPase by Ethacrynic Acid and Inhibitors
Authors: Günther Theodor , Pellnitz Wolfgang , Mariß Gert
Published: August 2018

The [Mg, Ca]-ATPase activity of E. coli depends on the anion present and follows the chaotropic sequence: Acetate- > HCO3
- > Cl- > I- > NO3
- > SCN-. There are only small differences between the different alkali chlorides. The [Mg, Ca]-ATPase was inhibited by all these salts when the ratio of Mg or Ca to ATP was 1: 5 at pH 9.1.

At pH 9.1 or 7.5 and a Mg to ATP ratio of 1 some salts activate and others inhibit the enzyme according to their position in the chaotropic sequence. With Ca the ATPase was activated under these conditions only by acetate. The contradictory activation or inhibition by NaCl or KCl reported by various authors are due to differences in the Mg: ATP ratios used. The inhibition of ATPase by ethacrynic acid, NEM, pCMB. DCCD and azide is much greater at pH 9.1 than at pH 7.5 and is drastically affected by NaCl or KCl.
Transforming Activity in Both Complementary Strands of Bacillus subtilis DNA
Authors: Köhnlein Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

A Bacillus subtilis mutant (strain 168 try- thy-) with a thymine-adenine bias in complementary DNA strands was found. After BrU-incorporation into the DNA it was possible to separate physically hybrid DNA-molecules BrU-labeled in different complementary strands using CsCl density gradient centrifugation. These hybrid DNA preparations were used to investigate whether both strands can be informative during transformation. Taking advantage of the selective degradation of BrU-labeled DNA strands by long wavelength UV it was found that the loss of transforming acti vity was the same for both hybrid DNA preparations. Thus indicating that both complementary DNA strands can be genetically active during transformation. These results are supported by trans­ formation experiments with denatured and reannealed DNA-molecules and heteroduplex DNA-molecules.
Isolation of Cyanogen Bromide Cleavage Peptides from Myoglobins
Authors: Marshall Robert C. , Jones, Jr. Warren C. , Vigna Robert A. , Gurd Frank R. N.
Published: August 2018

The chemical cleavage of apomyoglobins by the cyanogen bromide procedure1 has provided frag­ ments suitable for sequence analysis2, 3 and for studies of physical 4-6 and immunochemical pro­ perties 7. Offord 8 has used a peptide obtained from the cyanogen bromide cleavage of ribonuclease in studies aimed at the semi-synthesis of a protein.

The purpose of this report is to present conditions that reliably separate pure peptide fragments produced from the apomyoglobins of several species. A single gel filtration step obviates the need for additional purification2,3,6. The evidence re­ ported here concerns specifically the apoprotein of sperm whale (Physeter catodon) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) . The procedure additionally has heen applied9 without modification to the separation of the cyanogen bromide fragments of apomyoglobin from Amazon River dolphin (lnia geoffrensis), Minke whale (Balaenoptera aeutoro- strala), gray whale (Eschrichtius gibbosus), Dali porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli dalli) and the bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Cyanogen bromide fragments from two of the variant myoglo­bins which occur to a minor extent in the sperm whale were also separated by this method 10.
The Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron Transport by DBMIB and its Restoration by p-Phenylenediamines; Studied by Means of Prompt and Delayed Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Green Algae
Authors: Bauer Robert , Wijnands Mathijs J. G.
Published: August 2018

The effect of the plastohydroquinone antagonist dibromothym oquinone (DBMIB) on photosynthetic electron transport reactions was studied in the presence and absence of p-phenylene-diamines by means of measurements of prompt and delayed chlorophyll fluorescence induction of the green alga Scenedesm us obliquus.

Prompt and delayed chlorophyll fluorescence induction phenomena are valid indicators for the native presence of and cooperation between the two photosynthetic light reactions. Their kinetics reflect the balancing of electron exchange reactions in the chain of coupled redox-systems between the two photosystems upon sudden illumination.

From distinct alterations of the short-term (sec) light induced changes in the yield of prom pt and delayed chlorophyll fluorescence it is concluded that DBMIB inhibits the photosynthetic electron transport in the chain of redox-systems between the two light reactions. There is evidence to show that upon illumination of DBMIB treated cells only the reduction of primary electron ac­ceptor pools of photosystem II (i. e. Q and PQ) is still possible. After their reduction the further electron transport through photosystem II is blocked.

The addition of p-phenylenediamines to DBM IB-treated cells abolishes the typical DBMIB-affected prom pt and delayed fluorescence inhibition curves and the normal induction curves re­ appear qualitatively in all their important features. From these measurements it is suggested that the redox properties of p-phenylenediamines allow an electron transport bypass of the DBMIB inhibition site which results in a fully restored photosynthetic electron transport from water to NADP.
The Influence of Wingbeat Synchronous Feedback on the Motor Output Systems in Flies
Authors: Heide Gerhard
Published: August 2018

Action potentials have been recorded from fibrillar and from non-fibrillar flight muscles of tethered flying flies (Calliphora erythrocephala and Musca domestica).

Analyses of the spike-trains from the fibrillar muscles reveal a clear preference of the spikes to appear at a special phase with respect to the wingbeat cycle. This holds true even in cases of ex­perimentally changed motor output patterns. There seems to be some kind of wingbeat-synchronous feedback which influences the output system phasically.

Crosscorrelations between spike-trains from the fibrillar muscles on the one hand and the non-fibrillar muscles on the other give evidence that there are strong interactions between the output producing neurons of both systems with at least one inhibitory pathway.
Einfluß von Serum auf die Eliminierung von Phospholipiden aus embryonalen Rattenfibroblasten in Kultur /Influence of Serum on the Release of Phospholipids from Embryonic Rat Cells in Culture
Authors: Ristow Hans-Jiirgen , Pachowsky Heinz , Frank Werner
Published: August 2018

The phospholipids of embryonic rat fibroblasts in tissue culture have been labelled with [3H] (myo) inositol, [3H] choline, [3H] glycerol and inorganic 32P , respectively. After 24 hours in serum-free medium the cells have been triggered by fetal calf serum or by a mixture of the growth-stimulating serum proteins S1 and S2, and the phospholipids were examined.

1. Up to 15 - 20 percent of total radioactivity are eliminated from the phospholipid fraction during 30 min after stimulation, when the cells have been prelabelled with [3H ]inositol; within 2 hours, however, the original value is restored. When the cells are prelabelled with 32P, the radio­ activity also decreases, but in contrast to the experiments with [3H] inositol it remains low. From this result one must conclude that part of the PI in the membranes is broken down after stimula­ tion, and that the inosit moity is reutilized for newly synthesized PI. After stimulation, a small amount of labelled PI is also found in the culture medium .

2. The elimination of radioactivity does not exclusively take place in phase. It can also be demonstrated with cells in S after removal of serum for one hour and readdition.

3. The loss of radioactivity cannot be demonstrated when the cells are triggered by dialysed fetal calf serum or by the serum factors S1 and S2. Examination of the dialysate revealed phosphatidvlinositol as compound which necessarily must be present for the elimination process after stimulation. This elimination process is also demonstrable if the biosynthesis of PI is blocked by gamma-or delta-hexachlorocyclohexane, whereas the beta derivative is completely ineffective.
Eine quantitative Bestimmungsmethode des Uracilgehaltes biologischen Materials im Nanogramm-Bereich mit Hilfe der Hochdruck-Flüssigchromatografie / A Method for the Quantitative Estimation of Uracil Content in Biological Materials in the Nanogramme-Range Using High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Breter Hans-Joachim , Schnaus Marianne , Müller Werner E. G. , Zahn Rudolf K.
Published: August 2018

A method is described for the estimation of the uracil content in biological materials by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography. Hydrolysis of the tissues and total liberation of RNA bases are carried out in 70% perchloric acid. Less than 1 mg of the materials are needed for analysis. A pre-purification of the hydrolyzates is carried out by anion-exchange chromatography. Recoveries are estimated by isotope dilution analysis with [2-14C] labelled uracil.

The method is highly sensitive - about 6000 pmol of uracil content can at least be estimated quantitatively - and analysis time is short. In routine analysis a single sample needs 4 hours to be completed. When preparing several samples at a time an analysis is completed every 45min.
DNA, a Component of the Outer Membrane of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells and its Role in RNA Uptake by These Cells
Authors: Schell P. L. , Müller W. H.
Published: August 2018

DNase treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells releases DNA fragments from the membrane surface. This increases the capacity of the cells for homoribopolynucleotide uptake.

Another portion of membrane DNA is embedded in protein structures and is not accessible for DNase. This DNA does not hinder ribopolynucleotide uptake unless it is unwrapped by a sub­ equent pronase treatment of the cells. We interprete these findings to be the consequence of alterations of the net negative charge brought about by the removal and reestablishment of "open" surface DNA.
Mass Spectral Study of D-Sesamin from Phyllarthron comorense
Authors: Joshi Krishna C. , Bansal R. K. , Singh Pahup
Published: August 2018

D-Sesamin, Phyllarthron comorense, Mass Spectrum The petroleum ether extract of the heartwood of Phyllarthron comorense DC affords D-sesamin along with paulownin, lapachol, dehydrotectol, dehydro-a-lapachone, /Mapachone, tectol and /5-sitosterol1. We have earlier communicated the mass spectrometric studies of dehydro-a-lapachone2 and paulownin3. The present work deals with the formulation of pos­ sible fragmentation schemes in the case of D-sesamin. This compound is a member of 3,7-dioxabicyclo-Table I. Mass spectral data of D-sesamin a. S. No. m\e Ion composition Relative intensities
Chemical Constituents of Corchorus capsuJaris and C. olitorius (Jute Plant), III. Structure of Corosin
Authors: Manzoor-i-Khuda M. , Habermehl Gerhard
Published: August 2018

Corosin (8; R = R1 = H) has been reisolated through a modified procedure, as its acetate (8; R=H, R1 = Ac), in an overall yield of 0.2% from jute roots.

On pyrolysis in vacuo, corosin gave pyro corosin (1a; R1 = OH, R2= COOH, R3 = R5 = H, R4 = R6 = Me), shown to have a 12:18 (17) di-ene formed by elimination of the 19-OH and the angular C-28 carboxyl in the molecule. On rearrangement with concentrated sulphuric acid in acetic acid, corosin acetate gave corosin anhydro lactone acetate (7; R1 = Ac, R = H), having a 13(18) double bond and a lactone bridge between the 28-carboxyl and the 20-carbon atom. Corosin acetate ester (8; R = Me, R 1 = Ac), on treatment with sulphuric-acetic acid reagent, gave as the main product anhydro corosin acetate ester (7; R = Me, R1= A c), with a 12:18(19)-diene. The structure of corosin is proposed to be urs-12-ene-2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxy-24, 28-dioic acid (8; R = R1= H).
Flüchtige Inhaltsstoffe von Ambrosiakäfern (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), II / Volatile Substances from Ambrosia Beetles, II
Authors: Francke W. , Heyns K.
Published: August 2018

Methylmyristate and ethylpalmitate were identified from males and females of the ambrosia beetle Xyloterus domesticus L. The role of these compounds is discussed in connection with a brief survey concerning the occurrence of long-chain fatty-acid esters in other insects and in the phloem of softwood as attractants for bark beetles.
Circadiane Rhythm of Cell Proliferation in Rat Liver: Synchronization by Feeding Habits
Authors: Schulte-Hermann Rolf , Landgraf Hanna
Published: August 2018

A diurnal rhythm of cell proliferation exists in the liver of young rodents and in the growing liver of rats treated with α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH). The timing of the rhythm is dependent on the time of feeding but independent from the lighting regimen. This suggests that under natural circumstances the light-dark rhythm synchronizes the rhythm of hepatocyte proliferation by con­ trolling the animals' feeding habits.
Homologies in Nucleotide Sequences of RNA-Phages Qβ and R17
Authors: Köhler Erich , Rohloff Hartwig
Published: August 2018

Statistical calculations on sequence homologies provide evidence that the two phages Qβ and R17 have derived from a common precursor, although they are quite different in several properties. Moreover, duplications within the genom of each phage have occurred. These results are discussed with regard to the lack of translational repression between Qβ and MS2 phage group.
Synthese einer partialsequenz aus dem aktiven zentrum der streptokokken-protease (ec 3.4.22.10), iv / Synthesis of a fragment of the active center of the streptococcal proteinase, iv
Authors: Schaich Eugen , Schneider Friedhelm
Published: August 2018

The synthesis of the protected peptide Boc-His-Cys (M Bzl)-Val-Ala-Thr-Ala-N2H3 (OH) is de­ scribed. This peptide is a fragment of an active center sequence of the streptococcal proteinase (EC 3.4.22.10) containing the essential SH-group of the enzyme
Synthesis and Characterisation of Acyl Coenzyme A Derivatives of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Johns N
Published: August 2018

Acyl CoA derivatives of a number of cinnamic and benzoic acids have been synthesised via the appropriate acyl phenyl thiol esters. The reaction has potential application in the preparation of acyl CoA derivatives of radiolabelled aromatic carboxylic acids. UV absorption spectra have been determined for the CoA thiol esters following their purification by gel permeation chromato­ graphy. By comparison of the extinction in the the hydroxamate assay of Lipman and Tuttle, extinction coefficients for the series
Parakristallite in nativem Kollagen / Paracrystals in Native Collagen
Authors: Dreißig W , Hosemann R , Nemetschek Th
Published: August 2018

From X-ray photographs informations are derived in the region between small angle and wide angle scattering about the quaiternary structure of the biopolymere collagen. A splitting of the equatorial and meridional reflections implies a unit cell with lattice parameters α = 38.2 Å and b - 34.9 Å tilted around the b-axis by 3.5°. However, there exists no crystallographic lattice, but the single protofibrils build up this lattice only as a statistical average. Thisu causes a slight dis­ placement of the reflections of the third order against their ideal positions. Introducing moreover paracrystallinie distortions a comparison of the Fraunhofer-pattern of this model with the experi­ mental results shows a good agreement
Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron Transport by Azaphenanthrenes
Authors: Oettmeier Walter , Grewe Rolf
Published: August 2018

Various mono-and diazaphenanthrenes were prepared and assayed for their activity as inhibi­tors of photosynthetic electron flow in isolated chloroplasts in order to get more insight into the mechanism of action of the well known inhibitor o-phenanthroline = 1,10-diazaphenanthrene. The results show that 1-, 4-and 5-azaphenanthrene are only slightly less active than 1,10-diazaphen-anthrene. In the case of the different diazaphenanthrenes, 1,4-, 1,7-and 5,6-diazaphenanthrene exhibited somewhat lower activity than 1,10-diaphenanthrene, whereas 2,9-and 4,7-diazaphen-anthrene were completely inactive. Substitution at C-atoms of 1,10-diazaphenanthrene leads to an increase in activity in the case of the 4-and 7-position, regardless of electropositive or electro­ negative substituents, whereas substitution at the 2-, 3-, 5-, 6-, 8-and 9-position leads to a de­ creased activity. The ability of 1,10-diazaphenanthrene to form iron complexes seems to be of little relevance to the inhibitory activity on photosynthetic electron transport. This follows also from the fact that other strong iron complexing agens, like 2.2'-bipyridine or 8-hydroxyquinoline, are not inhibitory
The Absolute Sensitivity of Lens and Compound Eyes
Authors: Kirschfeld Kuno
Published: August 2018

The numbers of light quanta available to photoreceptors of lens-and different types of com­ pound eyes are calculated on the basis of photometric considerations. It is shown that the results depend upon the situation in the optical environment: For point-like lightsources such as stars receptors in compound eyes generally receive considerably less numbers of light quanta compared n. g. with the human eye. This is due to the small sizes of the ommatidial facets. For extended optical surroundings, however, the numbers of quanta reaching the receptors in typical insect compound eyes of the apposition type are comparable to those in the human eye. In this respect the optical superposition eye of nocturnal insects like E ph estia is an exceptional case, where there is an improvement in the numbers of quanta reaching the receptors by a factor 100 to 1000 com­ pared to the eyes of bee or man
Einfluß verschiedener Medikamente auf die Bindung von Schilddrüsenhormonen an Lebermitochondrien / Influence of Various Drugs on the Adsorption of Thyroid Hormones to Liver Mitochondria
Authors: Wahl Richard , Kallee Ekkehard
Published: August 2018

1. [131I] ʟ-thyroxine (T4) or [131I] ʟ-triiodothyronine (T3) was added in 50 pᴍ - 25 nᴍ and 26 pᴍ -132 nᴍ concentrations to suspensions of rat liver mitochondria. In distribution equilibria between soluble proteins and mitochondria the adsorption of the thyroid hormones to the mito­ chondria followed an approximately linear function when the radioactive hormones were added within the range of physiological concentrations. At identical protein concentrations T3 was ad­sorbed to the mitochondria one tenth more strongly than T4 when neither serum proteins nor cell sap had been added. The adsorption of both T3 and T4 to mitochondria and soluble proteins is reversible. The distribution of the thyroid hormones between organelles and soluble proteins depends on the ratio of the protein concentration in the sedimented mitochondria to the protein concentration in the supernate after centrifugation. The desorption of T3 and T4 from the mito­ chondria by soluble proteins, however, represents no linear function.

2. The distribution equilibria of simultaneously added 131I -T4 and 125I -T3 can be shifted by certain drugs. Chlorpromazin and dinitrophenol displaced the thyroid hormones from their binding to soluble proteins onto the mitochondria. Vice versa, phenylbutazone, phenytoin, brom-sulfalein and silymarin displaced the hormones from the mitochondria more strongly than from soluble proteins. Sodium oleate displaced the hormones in both directions. Minor shifting effects or none at all could be detected when several other drugs were used. The described procedure apparently yields new information on some effects of drug action
The Furocoumarin Photosensitizing Effect on the Virus-producing Graffi Leukaemia Cells
Authors: Bordin F. , Baccichetti F.
Published: August 2018

The irradiation at 365 nm in the presence of the skin-photosensitizing furocoumarins of Graffi leukaemia cells, producers of an oncogenic RNA virus, determines the arrest of cell duplication and of the synthesis of the nucleic acids; the virus, on the other hand, remains equally oncogenic for newborn mice and still capable of reproduction
Origin of the ATP Formed during the Light-Dependent Oxygen Uptake Catalyzed by Rhodospirillum rubrum Chromatophores
Authors: Del Valle-Tascón Secundino , Ramírez Juan
Published: August 2018

The oxygen uptake which is observed when Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores are illuminated under air and in the presence of reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP), 2,3,5,6-tetra-methyl-p-phenylenediamine (diaminodurene, DAD) or N,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMDP) depends on the electron-donor concentration according to the equation of Michaelis-Menten. The apparent Km for the donor is lowered by the electron-transfer inhibitor 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO) which causes therefore a stimulation of the rate of the reaction at non-saturating concentrations of the donors. In contrast, the ATP formation which takes place simultaneously to oxygen uptake does not show an enzyme-like dependence on donor concentration. Moreover it is inhibited by HQNO to a variable extent, depending on the particular donor present and on its concentration. Therefore it appears that the HQNO-sensitive phosphorylation is coupled to a cyclic flow which coexists and competes with the non-cyclic flow from donor to oxygen.

In the presence of HQNO, substrates and uncouplers of ATP formation accelerate somewhat the rate of the oxygen uptake supported by reduced DCIP and DAD. Thus part of the HQNO-resistant phosphorylation seems to be associated with the non-cyclic flow from those two donors to oxygen. The lack of stimulation by phosphorylation or by uncoupling of the TMPD-supported oxygen uptake does not permit a conclusion as to whether this reaction is coupled to ATP forma­ tion or not.

Another part of the HQNO-resistant ATP formation is independent of the presence of oxygen and appears to be associated to cyclic flows which bypass the HQNO site. This type of phosphorylation is most important in the presence of TMPD.
Influence of Zeatin and Gibberellin on Adenosine-3′,5′-Cyclic Monophosphate Levels of Impatiens Leaves
Authors: Kull U. , Kühn B.
Published: August 2018

The content of adenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in leaves of Impatiens sultani Hook, was measured by a protein-binding assay. A preceding administration of the natural cyto­ kinin zeatin causes a diminution of the cAMP level. Administration of gibberellin (GA3) does not bring about any variations. There is no indication that cAMP is acting as a secondary messenger of either phytohormone. Theophylline does not increase the content of cAMP found in the leaves.
A Theoretical Consideration how to Study Bio ­ chemical Interfacial Photoreactions
Authors: Trissl H.-W.
Published: August 2018

A theoretical calculation for quantitative analysis of photoreactions in membrane interfaces is described. The method utilizes the photovoltage arising by the illumination of a pigmented mem brane. Since the water-soluble substrate is only added to one side of the membrane an electrical double layer is produced. The corresponding photovoltage is quantified by the Gouy-Chapman theory. A possibility to investigate non-isotropic effects is discussed.
The Effect of Calcium and Phosphate on the Biphasic Calcium Uptake by the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Ermier Pierre , Hasselbach Wilhelm
Published: August 2018

The amplitude of the fast uptake and the initial rate of the slow uptake increase with in­ creasing free calcium concentrations, up to 30 μᴍ. In that range, both processes are correlated to each other. At higher concentrations, the slow uptake is more inhibited than the fast uptake. The fast uptake shows a maximum amplitude which remains unchanged in the presence of phosphate. The slow uptake leads to a nearly complete depletion of the external calcium, and its rate is proportional to the phosphate concentration, even at physiological range. The sarcoplasmic ATPase liberates inorganic phosphate and the slow uptake
Characterization of Different Deoxyribonucleases in Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Zöllner E. Jürgen , Störger Hans , Breter Hans-Joachim , Zahn Rudolf
Published: August 2018

Deoxyribonucleases, Disc Electrophoresis, Lymphocytes Four groups of deoxyribonuclease activities from human lymphocytes have been characterized by deoxyribonuclease assay in DNA-containing polyacrylamide gels following their separation by disc-electrophoresis. All activities hydrolyse DNA endonucleolytically. One neutral deoxyribo­ nuclease found in the cytoplasmic fraction prefers native or UV-irradiated DNA over denatured DNA as substrate and is a 5′-monoester former. Two groups of acid deoxyribonuclease activities are detectable in the nuclear fraction. Both are 3′-monoester formers. One is as well active with denatured DNA as with native DNA, the other one shows the same activity with native and UV-irradiated DNA but lower activity with denatured DNA. An alkaline deoxyribonuclease activity, also localized in the nucleus, is a 5′ -monoester DNA as substrate.
Notizen: Nachweis von 2.5.7.3′.4′-Pentahydroxy-flavanon- 5-glucosid in den Samen von Galega officinalis L. (Fabaceae) / Detection of 2,5,7,3′,4′-Pentahydroxy-flavanone-5- glucoside in the Seeds of Galega officinalis L. (Fabaceae)
Authors: Traub Armin , Geiger Hans
Published: August 2018

A mixture of 2,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxy-flavanone-5-glucoside and its tautomers has been isolated from the seed of Galega officinalis L.; its constitution is prooved by conversion to luteoline-5-glucoside.
Phospholipids and ATPase Activity of Wild-Type and ATPase Deficient and Uncoupled Mutants of E. coli
Authors: Ahlers Jan , Günther Theodor , Peter Horst
Published: August 2018

Phospholipids, ATPase, E. coli, Mutants The ATPase activities and the amounts of individual phospholipids in E. coli wild types B 163 and ML-308-225 as well as in the mutants AN 120, DL 54 and etc-15 have been examined. The ATPase activities and the amount of cardiolipin are higher in the stationary phase than in the log phase, whereas the amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine are lower in the stationary phase. The decreased ATPase activity of the mutants is not due to an altered phospholipid composition.
The Effect of Org. GB 94, Imipramine and Chlorpromazine on the Concentrations of Some Amino Acids in 9 Regions of the Rat Brain
Authors: Leonard B. E.
Published: August 2018

The concentrations of 11 amino acids were determined in 9 regions of the rat brain following the acute administration of the antidepressant drugs imipramine and Org. GB94, and chlorpromazine. The amino acids were determined as their dansyl derivatives. Unequivocal changes were only found in the concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid, alanine, asparagine + glutamine, glycine and taurine in some brain regions. Chlorpromazine produced the greatest change in these amino acids. Imipramine and Org. GB94 had qualitatively different effects on the concentrations of the amino acids in the 9 brain regions.
The Organization of the Lamina ganglionaris of the Bee
Authors: Ribi Willi A.
Published: August 2018

Bee, Vision, First Optic Ganglion The lamina ganglionaris of the bee contains the first synaptic region in the optic tract. The nine retinula cells of one visual unit (ommatidium) either end in the lamina as short visual fibres or end as long visual fibres in the second optic ganglion (medulla). Each axon bundle of nine fibres from one ommatidium is associated with four different second order neurons (L-fibres) to form a single lamina cartridge. Processes of additional fibres invade single groups of cartridges.
2-Anilino-1.3.4-thiadiazole, Hemmstoffe der oxidativen und photosynthetischen Phosphorylierung
Authors: Schäfer G. , Trebst A. , Büchel K. H.
Published: August 2018

2-anilino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles carrying various substituents in the 5-position as well as in the benzene-ring were synthesized.

The compounds were tested with rat-liver-mitochondria and with spinach-chloroplasts and revealed to be potent uncouplers of both, oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation, with p I50-values rangeing from 6.79 to 4.05. At higher concentration all compounds are inhibitors of the Hillreaction.

In mitochondria a fair correlation exists between pKa of the acidic NH-group and the uncoupling activity; a maximum is obtained around pKa= 6 .8 , whereas in chloroplasts activity is shifted to more acid pKa-values.

The compounds meet the requirements for uncouplers according to the chemi-osmotic theory, being lipophilic weak acids. N-methylation causes total loss of activity in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.

The inhibitory action on photosynthetic electron transport is located within photosystem II. This latter activity is almost independent of substituent effects in contrast to uncoupling of either respiratory- or photo-phosphorylation
Einfluß trägergebundener Ribonuclease auf die zellfreie Proteinsynthese im Weizensystem / Influence of Immobilized Ribonuclease on the Cell-free Protein Synthesis in the Wheat System
Authors: Kern Hartmut
Published: August 2018

In order to increase the efficiency of different mRNAs from wheat seedlings in carrying out cell-free protein synthesis in the wheat system, efforts were made to remove endogenous mRNA. In this direction, we checked the possibility of using immobilized RNAase. Treatment of the cellfree system or its components with this enzyme caused a large decrease in the efficiency of poly Udirected incorporation of labeled amino acids. This effect did not coincide with an equivalent degradation of RNA, as has been shown by analysis of ribosomes and polysomes. The results are discussed in the light of recent findings of some authors
Carotinoide der Porter-Lincoln-Reihe in Anthurus archeri (Clathraceae; Basidiom ycetales; Mycophyta) / Carotenoids of the Porter-Lincoln-Series in Anthurus archeri (Clathraceae; Basidiomycetales; Mycophyta)
Authors: Czygan Franz-C , Grünsfelder Maria
Published: August 2018

Carotenoids, Porter-Lincoln-Series, Anthurus, Fungi From different phases of development of the fungus A nthurus archeri carotenoids of the Porter-Lincoln-series (phytoene, phytofluene, β-carotene, neurosporene, and lycopene) have been isolated.
Digital Computer Analysis of Electrophoresis and Ultracentrifugation Patterns by a Sum of Gaussian-like Distributions
Authors: Tränkle E
Published: August 2018

Computer Analysis, Electrophoresis, Ultracentrifugation A Gaussian-like distribution function with three additional parameters is introduced which describes well the electrophoresis patterns of albumin, prealbumin and transferrin. Electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation patterns with 10-15 overlapping peaks are analyzed by means of the FORTRAN-program DIANA. One obtains the (relative) areas, positions and widths of the peaks. The analysis of a series of patterns proceeds in an automated way after the number of molecular components as well as starting values of the positions and the widths have been chosen in a test period.
Chemical Syntheses and Properties of Hydroxycinnamoyl- Coenzyme A Derivatives
Authors: Stöekigt J. , Zenk M. H.
Published: August 2018

Coenzyme A Thiol Esters, Cinnamic Acids Acyl-CoA derivatives of several hydroxylated cinnamic acids have been synthesized in 30 to 50% yield via a. acyl phenyl thiol esters, b. acyl N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, and c. glucocinnamoyl derivatives. Properties of the intermediates have been determined. The cinnamyol-CoA thiol esters were characterized by their chromatographic behaviour and UV spectra. The molar extinction coefficients of these important intermediates in plant phenylpropane metabolism have been unequivocally determined. Recently published values13 for the molar extinction coefficients of these derivatives are incorrect; the methodological reason for this error has been established.
Michaelis-Konstanten von Neuraminidasen bei pathogenen und apathogenen Mikroorganismen / Michaelis Constants of Neuraminidases of Pathogenic and Apathogenic Microorganisms
Authors: Müller Hans E. , Nicolai Hubertus von , Zilliken Fritz
Published: August 2018

The Km-values of neuraminidases from different pathogenic and apathogenic microorganisms have been determined on low and high molecular substrates. The substrate specificity and the affinity to the different types of substrates in relation to the pathogenicity of the microorganisms are discussed.
Studies on the Chemistry of Lichens, IVX. Chemical Investigation of the Lichen Species Anaptychia fusca, Peltigera canina, and Omphalodiscus spodochrous
Authors: Solberg Yngve
Published: August 2018

The three lichen species Anaptychia fusca, Peltigera canina, and Omphalodiscus spodochrous have been studied with regard to their chemical content. Atranorin, gyrophoric acid, tenuiorin, allantoin, taurine, linoleic acid, a new sterol-C31H52O2 , and waxes have been determined.

The identity of the compounds was established by consideration of infrared, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Besides, thin layer and column chromatographic techniques were used in this work.
Partialsynthese von Adenosyl-corrinoiden und dem 1.N6-Äthen-adenosyl-cobalamin mit fluoreszierendem Nucleosidanteil / Partial Synthesis of Adenolylcorrinoids and of 1,N6-Etheno-Adenosylcobalamin with a Fluorescent Nucleoside
Authors: Moskophidis M. , Friedrich W.
Published: August 2018

Adenosylcobalamin and several analogs of this corrinoid are prepared by an improved method and separated by an one-step-chromatography on columns of carboxymethylcellulose. Pure water is the eluting agent. The same method is suitable for the preparation of 1,N6-ethenoadenosyl-cobalamin, a corrinoid with fluorescent nucleoside.
Gamma-Radiolysis of Aqueous Solution of Proline
Authors: Kopoldová Jiřina , Voráček-Hübsch Milan
Published: August 2018

Gamma-radiolysis of 0.05 м aqueous neutral proline solution was investigated. As the main reaction of proline radiolysis in oxygenated solutions, the hydroxylation reactions leading to hydroxyproline formation and the reactions leading to the total destruction of the pyrrolidine ring were shown. In oxygen-free solutions the yield of these reactions decreased; in this medium combination reactions giving rise to higher molecular weight combination products (up to approx. 1500) belong to the most important ones. In addition to radiation-decarboxylation reactions the products of radiation-carboxylation reactions were also detected in the irradiated solution of proline free of oxygen.
Interactions between Retinal and Phospholipids in Monomolecular Films at Acid pH
Authors: Puppala N. , Brody S. S.
Published: August 2018

The surface properties of mixed monomolecular films of retinal and phospholipids (p. lipids) are measured as a function of mole fraction at a nitrogen-water interface. An acid pH of 6.0 is maintained in the aqueous phase. Before irradiation the surface potential ∆V for 9-cis retinal, 11-cis retinal, phosphatidyl serine (PS) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), at π = 12 dyn/cm, are 490 mV, 645 mV, 548 mV and 375 mV, respectively. Before irradiation, A0 for 9-cis and 11-cis are 58 Å2 and 48 Å2, respectively. Experimentally measured isotherms are compared with theo­ retically calculated isotherms. In case of mixed films of retinal and PS the experimental isotherms are greater than theoretical, while mixed films of retinal and PE are smaller than theoretical. A maximum value for the difference between theoretical and experimental areas are obtained at (retinal) / (p. lipid) = 0.1. Retinal and p. lipid do not appear to form a Schiff base, charge transfer or any other type of complex at pH 6. A eutectic type mixture between retinal and p. lipid may occur on the surface. A light induced change in ∆V of -130 mV is observed in the case of 11-cis and PE. The significance of these findings with respect to visual excitation is considered.
The Enhancement of CO2 Fixation in Isolated Chloroplasts by Low Sulfite Concentrations and by Ascorbate
Authors: Ziegler Irmgard , Libera Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

The enhancement of CO2 fixation in isolated, intact spinach chloroplasts by ascorbate or by low sulfite concentrations (< 1 mм) is strongly reduced or even abolished by the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD). By the use of 35SO3
2- it is demonstrated that the rate of sulfate formation is much lower than the sulfite induced increase in CO2 fixation. This indicates that the superoxide radical is the chain initiating event; and, in parallel to ascorbate (Elstner and Kramer, 1973), the HSO3 radical, acting as a Hill reagent for photosystem I, is reduced to sulfite in turn. The inhibitory action of sulfite at concentrations > 1 mм is not relieved by SOD, since this effect is mainly based on a competitive inhibition of ribulosediphosphate carboxylase.

SOD itself stimulates the CO2 fixation, if the reaction is started after 3 min of pre-illumination. This effect is discussed with respect to factors linked with the isolation procedure.
Oxidative Decarboxylation of para-Hydroxybenzoic Acids by Peroxidases under in vivo and in vitro Conditions
Authors: Berlin Jochen , Barz Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

Oxidative decarboxylation of p-hydroxybenzoic acids in plant cell suspension cultures is catalyzed by peroxidases. This reaction has been characterized in vivo and in vitro. Decarboxylation of substituted benzoic acids yields monomeric, dimeric and oligomeric benzoquinones. All peroxidases obtained from soybean (Glycine max) cell suspension cultures by gel electrophoresis are equally capable to decarboxylate p-hydroxybenzoic acids as indicated by their rather low differences in specific activity for various benzoic acids.
Biosynthesis of Stizolobinic Acid and Stizolobic Acid in the Etiolated Seedlings of Stizolobium hassjoo
Authors: Saito Koshi , Komamine Atsushi , Senoh Siro
Published: August 2018

Incorporation of ʟ-[U-14C] phenylalanine, ʟ-[U-14C] tyrosine and ᴅʟ-[β-14C] 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-alanine (DOPA) into stizolobinic acid, ʟ-β-(6-carboxy-α′-pyron-3-yl) -alanine, and stizolobic acid. ʟ-β-(6-carboxy-α′-pyron-4-yl)-alanine, was investigated as test precursors for these new types of amino acids in the epicotyls of etiolated seedlings of Stizolobium hassjoo. Radioactive stizolobinic acid and stizolobic acid resulted from administering labelled precursors were identified by colour reactions, radioautography and/or recrystallization to constant specific radioactivity. Radiolabelled stizolobic acid was subjected to alkaline hydrolysis and distribution pattern of the radioactivity was further examined in a degradation fragment of the amino acid.

Proposed biosynthetic routes to stizolobinic or stizolobic acid from DOPA were empirically con­ firmed and the results are further discussed in relation to the possibility that phenylalanine may also be introduced into reaction sequences leading to the synthesis of both heterocyclic amino acids.
Electroantennogram Responses to Female Sex Pheromones in Five Genera of Lymantriidae (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Priesner Ernst
Published: August 2018

Sex pheromones of European species of Lymantria, Euproctis, Stilpnotia, Orgyia, and Dasychira (Lymantriidae) have been cross-checked by recording male electroantennogram (EAG) responses to excised female pheromone glands. Within the same genus, there was invariably full reciprocity of the gland effects. Between different genera, however, in all species combinations investigated the males strongly preferred their own species. From this pattern it is concluded that the major pheromone constituents are different for the five genera. In accordance with these results, several species of Lymantria are either known or supposed to produce the same sexual attractant, cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane (disparlure), whereas for one species of Orgyia the sex pheromone was recently identified (Smith et al., Science 188, 63 [1975]) as cis-6-heneicosen-11-one. None of the additional lymantriid pheromones have yet been chemically defined. In EAG screening tests, some species of this family were specifically responsive to hydrocarbons related to cis-7,2-methylocta-decene, the olefinic precursor of disparlure.
Further Studies on the Biosynthesis of Stizolobinic Acid and Stizolobic Acid in the Etiolated Seedlings of Stizolobium hassjoo
Authors: Saito Koshi , Komamine Atsushi , Senoh Siro
Published: August 2018

Incorporation of doubly labelled tyrosine into stizolobinic acid and stizolobic acid by the etiolated seedlings of Stizolobium hassjoo was studied. The retention of tritium activity in stizolobinic acid was 55%, while that in stizolobic acid was only 4.4% in average. The results strongly suggest that the heterocyclic rings of these two amino acids may be derived from 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-alanine (DOPA) by extradiol cleavage of the aromatic ring.
Heterogeneity in Chloroplasts of Siphonacious Algae as Compared with Higher Plant Chloroplasts
Authors: Lüttke Angela , Rahmsdorf Ursula , Schmid Rainer
Published: August 2018

The chloroplast population of Acetabularia contains four subpopulations of intact plastids with the buoyant densities at 1.21 g/cm3 - 1.18 g/cm3 - 1.14 g/cm3 - 1.10 g/cm3 on the discontinuous sucrose gradient. The starch content varies with the buoyant densities. The subpopulations probably represent entities of different biochemical function.
Ribose Conformations of 8-Azapurine Nucleosides in Solution
Authors: Lüdemann H.-D. , Westhof E. , Cuno I.
Published: August 2018

The ribose conformations of 8-azaadenosine, 8-azaguanosine, and 8-azainosine have been studied using proton magnetic resonance in ND3 solutions, in D2O solutions, and in pyridine solutions. The temperature was varied between - 60 and + 40 ° C in ND3 and between + 10 and + 60 °C in D2O solutions. The analysis is based on the two state S ⇌ N model of the ribose moiety proposed by Altona and Sundaralingam. In D2O, the 8-aza substitution destabilizes the gg rotamer and simultaneously diminishes the population of the S state of the ribose. It is deduced that the anti population of the base is greater in the 8-azapurine (β) ribosides than in the common purine (β) -ribosides.
Photo-Induced Electron Transfer in Chlorophyll Containing Liposomes
Authors: Oettmeier Walter , Norris James R. , Katz Joseph J.
Published: August 2018

Liposomes (lipid, ᴅʟ-α-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine) containing chlorophyll a (ratio lipid to chlorophyll 30:1) exhibit an absorption maximum at 670 nm. Upon oxidation with iodine these liposomes yield a chlorophyll radical that shows a ESR signal with a line width (peak to peak) ⊿Y = ~0.1 G and a g-value of 2.0022, consistent with the presence of monomeric chlorophyll. Under anaerobic conditions, in the absence of acceptors, no light induced ESR signal is observed, whereas under aerobic conditions the chlorophyll free radical is generated in the light. Acceptors having access to the lipid membrane, like Fe3+ -pyrophosphate and methylviologen, give rise to chlorophyll radical formation, or, like quinones, form a semiquinone radical in the light. Non-permeable acceptors, such as ferricyanide, NADP, FMN and cytochrome c do not act as acceptors and no chlorophyll radicals can be produced by light. Furthermore, light dependent and completely reversible electron transfer from N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine to ubiquinone can be demonstrated. Liposomes containing chlorophyll, therefore, can serve as a model system for photosynthetic electron transport.