bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Interest of Being Eligible
Authors: MÉSONNIER JEAN‐STÉPHANE , O'DONNELL CHARLES , TOUTAIN OLIVIER
Published: August 2021

Major central banks accept nonmarketable assets, such as pooled individual corporate loans, as collateral in their refinancing operations with banks. Such “eligible” loans to firms may provide a liquidity service to the banks which originate them. Banks may in turn pass on a part of this benefit to their borrowers in the form of a reduced interest rate: the eligibility discount. We exploit a surprise extension of the Eurosystem's set of eligible collateral to medium‐quality corporate loans, the Additional Credit Claims (ACC) program of February 2012, to assess the eligibility discount to corporate loans spreads in France. We find that becoming eligible to the Eurosystem's collateral framework translates into a relative reduction in rates by 8 bps for new loans issued to ACC‐eligible firms , controlling for loan‐, firm‐, and bank‐level characteristics. We find that this collateral channel of monetary policy is only active for the banks which have a lower opportunity cost in pledging credit claims and which are well‐capitalized.
Glabellar wrinkle correction by autologous fat transplantation and evidence of human adipose tissue regeneration in a nude mouse model
Authors: Liu Guangpeng , Zhang Kaili , Shi Yu , Lai Yongxian
Published: August 2021

Background

Fat grafts are increasingly applied in augmenting soft tissue defects and correcting static wrinkles, but the outcome is always unpredictable because of high absorption rate. Perilipin1 (Plin1) and perilipin2 (Plin2), two perilipin family proteins on lipid droplets in adipocytes, are reported to be used as biomarkers to evaluate adipocyte regeneration in vivo.

Aims

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of glabellar wrinkle correction with autologous fat grafting and to observe human adipose regeneration in a nude mouse model.

Patients/Methods

Ten patients with 16 moderate or severe glabellar wrinkles underwent wrinkle correction by subcutaneously injecting autologous lipoaspirates obtained from the abdomen. The injection dose was 0.05 ml per 5 mm. The aspirated adipose tissue (0.05 ml) was also injected under the scalps of nude mice. Fat grafts were explanted at 3, 7, 15, 30, and 120 days after transplantation and the dynamic cellular changes were evaluated by HE staining and immunostaining of Plin1 and Plin2.

Results

Among the sixteen wrinkle lines, thirteen were obviously improved 4 months after procedure. Eight of the ten patients were satisfied with their wrinkle correction effects. The fat grafts demonstrated a continuous changing process from degeneration to regeneration in the mouse model without significant absorption and necrosis. It was Plin1, not Plin2 that was expressed in mature adipocytes. After transplantation, Plin1 expression was lost in dead fat cells while Plin2 expression was activated in newly regenerated adipocytes. After 120 days, all the surviving adipocytes were negative for Plin2 but positive for Plin1 again.

Conclusions

Micro‐volume fat transplantation was an easy and safe method to improve glabellum wrinkle lines, and the regenerative process of human adipose tissue could be verified in the mouse model.
Refugee experiences in Cincinnati, Ohio: A local case study in the context of global crisis
Authors: Dutt Anjali , Jacquez Farrah , Kirkendall Autumn , Wright Bryan , Alwan Riham
Published: August 2021

We examined refugees’ perceptions of their experiences living in greater Cincinnati, Ohio, USA and linked these findings to colonial context, coloniality theory, and decolonial psychology. We describe the process of developing a community based participatory research process with members of local refugee communities, and then discuss the findings of a survey completed by 280 local refugees that was collaboratively designed and administered. Noting historic and continuing disenfranchisement of the Black community in Cincinnati, in our survey analyses we compared the experiences of African refugees (Burundian, Congolese, and Somali) to the experiences of Bhutanese, Latinx, and Middle Eastern refugees residing in greater Cincinnati on several aspects of civic life. Analyses indicate that refugees from African countries reported more negative outcomes than other refugees residing in this area. Further, refugees residing in neighborhoods with a higher percentage of Black residents reported less satisfaction, likely due to neighborhood disinvestment. We discuss the costs and benefits of these findings and interpretation in the context of decolonial theory. Specifically, we connect racist colonial history to differences in treatment of refugees based on their physical appearance (i.e., Blackness) to the continued disenfranchisement of African Americans.
Changes in Children's Episodic Narratives Through Long‐Term Repeated Recall: Longitudinal Case Studies1
Authors: Uehara Izumi
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to investigate whether a child's narrative of a particular past episode would change in repeated reporting over the long term, and if so, how it would change. To answer these questions, I conducted longitudinal case studies of episodic reports by children every 2–6 months, from their early childhood to the age of 10–15 years. Criteria for inclusion were set in advance; seven episodic narratives meeting these criteria were analyzed. Two types of changes in the narratives were observed, as expected: that of including other information, and that of an event suddenly being reported after no recall for several years. Information from the children's surroundings seemed to be substantially involved in these changes in their episodic narratives. The present results also indicate that mothers' episodic memories are not always reliable and that the schema children have can influence their episodic memories.
Individuality of Narratives Generated by Individuals: An Investigation Using Four‐Panel Comics
Authors: Tanaka Yoshito , Sasaki Reiji
Published: August 2021

In this study, we conducted an empirical research focusing on the generation of stories to obtain a hypothesis on how different the stories that people generate in their daily lives by linking events and situations are. For this purpose, five illustrations that revealed only the first and fourth panels of a four‐panel comic were used as stimuli to generate a narrative in which the participants could make a connection between them. A total of 40 stories were obtained from eight participants. As a result, the narrative emerged in a variety of ways, even in events with little personal connection to the participants. This reveals that there are individual differences in the way people generate narratives themselves, despite their relationship with and position on the event. When the stories were typified, none of the participants generated similar stories in all five illustrations. This suggests that, because the combination of stories a person creates about every event is unique, there is only one story about the world, and one about himself/herself.
Risk of work‐related injury in workers with obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chou Kun‐Ta , Tsai Yu‐Lun , Yeh Wan‐Yu , Chen Yuh‐Min , Huang Nicole , Cheng Hao‐Min
Published: August 2021

The objective of this study is to elucidate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the risk of work‐related injuries (WRIs), synthesize the latest clinical evidence and conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines (PRISMA 2020). Observational studies published before April 2020 in PubMed, Cochrane library, PsycINFO, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science were included. Random‐effects Mantel–Haenszel meta‐analysis was performed. A total of 15 studies with 21,507 participants were included. Prespecified subgroup analyses based on study design and the characteristics of the enrollees were conducted. Overall, workers with OSA had 1.64‐fold increased odds of being involved in WRIs compared to their counterparts (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.24–2.16, p = 0.0005). In addition to the professional drivers that have been studied in the past, such a trend also existed in the general working population (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.14–2.49, p = 0.01). We also found that workers with excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale score >10) had a 1.68‐fold increased risk of WRIs compared to those with lower ESS scores (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.22–2.30, p = 0.002). This study verified that OSA workers had a higher risk of WRIs, and such correlations do not show obvious differences in subgroups with different sample sizes, OSA diagnosis methods, job types or definitions of WRI. Based on the association between OSA and WRIs identified in our study, further studies investigating the protective effects of early identification and management of OSA on WRIs are warranted.
Methods for the characterization of activity patterns in elusive species: the giant armadillo in the Brazilian Pantanal
Authors: Desbiez A. L. J. , Kluyber D. , Massocato G. F. , Attias N.
Published: August 2021

The behavioral study of elusive species, which often cannot be directly observed in the wild, is based on the use of animal monitoring technologies. Here, we evaluate the performance of four methods applied simultaneously on a single population to detect and characterize the activity behavior of elusive species, using the giant armadillo Priodontes maximus as a model. GPS tagging, accelerometer, and camera trap array data were used to characterize general activity patterns, while camera traps placed in front of burrows in use were used to define activity duration, onset, and termination times. Circular kernel probability density functions were used to characterize activity patterns with each data set and the overlap coefficient Δ4 was used to characterize the similarity between them. We gathered data from 53 armadillos during 9 years in the Pantanal wetlands of Brazil. Activity duration estimates showed significant variation among monitoring methods but were generally short (4.5–6 h on average). Overall, the estimates of activity timing provided by the methods used were relatively similar (>75% Δ4 overlap) and pointed to a nocturnal activity pattern. Armadillos left their burrows mainly in the first hours after sunset, and terminated their activity mainly between midnight and 4 am. However, the camera trap array provided a later activity onset and peak estimates for the species when compared to other methods. The species spends 75–80% of its time underground and accelerometer data shows that armadillos are not active and do not feed while underground, pointing to a fossorial behavior for the species. Although researchers should be aware of the small biases that can emerge from some of the methods, the general similarities among patterns indicates that researchers can choose among the ever‐increasing number of animal monitoring technologies depending on their research question and constraints.
The rates and factors of perceived insufficient milk supply: A systematic review
Authors: Huang Yi , Liu Yu , Yu Xiao‐Yan , Zeng Tie‐Ying
Published: August 2021

Perceived insufficient milk supply (PIMS) is one of the major reasons for discontinued breastfeeding. We aimed to estimate the rates and evaluate related factors of PIMS. We searched four databases for relevant articles published from January 2000 to March 2021. We then performed a meta‐analysis of the pooled data to estimate the rates and related factors of PIMS using Stata 15.0. Descriptive analyses of textual data were performed to summarise the related factors of PIMS if data could not be synthesised quantitatively. The quality of included studies was assessed using Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS), AHRQ checklist or Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Overall, 27 studies were included in this review. At different periods after delivery, approximately 50% of mothers reported PIMS as the reason for stopping breastfeeding, while for breastfeeding mothers, the incidence of PIMS ranged from 10% to 25%. Breastfeeding initiation (OR 4.22, 95%CI 1.57–11.34) and breastfeeding knowledge (OR 7.10, 95%CI 2.00–25.26) were two factors influencing PIMS. Besides, PIMS had a strong negative relationship with breastfeeding self‐efficacy (r = −0.57); moderate negative association with infant suck ability (r = −0.46) and planned breastfeeding duration (r = −0.45); and a moderate positive correlation with formula supplementation (r = 0.42). Descriptive analyses revealed that infant crying was reported to be a sign of PIMS, and inadequate intake of energy/liquids was a reported cause of it. This review identified a high proportion of women reporting PIMS, particularly among those who stopped breastfeeding. Deliberate interventions were needed to improve breastfeeding for mothers at risk.
Longitudinal training models for entrusting students with independent patient care?: A systematic review
Authors: Bonnie Linda H. A. , Cremers Gaston R. , Nasori Mana , Kramer Anneke W. M. , van Dijk Nynke
Published: August 2021

Objective

The participation of students from both undergraduate medical education (UGME) and postgraduate medical education (PGME) in independent patient care contributes to the development of knowledge, skills and the professional identity of students. A continuing collaboration between students and their preceptor might contribute to opportunities for students to independently provide patient care. In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate whether longitudinal training models facilitate the independent practice of students and what characteristics of longitudinal training models contribute to this process.

Method

This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. In May 2020, we performed a search in three databases. Articles evaluating the impact of longitudinal training models on the independent practice of students from both UGME and PGME programmes were eligible for the study. A total of 68 articles were included in the study. Quality of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD).

Results

Both UGME and PGME students in longitudinal training models are more frequently allowed to provide patient care independently when compared with their block model peers, and they also feel better prepared for independent practice at the end of their training programme. Several factors related to longitudinal training models stimulate opportunities for students to work independently. The most important factors in this process are the longitudinal relationships with preceptors and with the health care team.

Conclusion

Due to the ongoing collaboration between students and their preceptor, they develop an intensive and supportive mutual relationship, allowing for the development of a safe learning environment. As a result, the professional development of students is fostered, and students gradually become part of the health care team, allowing them the opportunity to engage in independent patient care.
Intraventricular mucin‐producing glioblastoma arising in the septum pellucidum at the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle: A case report
Authors: Takigawa Kosuke , Hata Nobuhiro , Sangatsuda Yuhei , Suzuki Satoshi O. , Sirozu Noritoshi , Hatae Ryusuke , Akagi Yojiro , Iwaki Toru , Nagata Shinji , Mizoguchi Masahiro
Published: August 2021

Glioblastoma (GBM) most commonly appears to be intraparenchymal tumor, and intraventricular GBMs are rarely reported. In previous reports, the sites of origin were not identified. Here, we report a rare case of intraventricular mucin‐producing GBM in a 73‐year‐old woman who had a strongly enhancing tumor in the right anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. The tumor had previously been identified one and a half years ago as a small asymptomatic lesion attached to the septum pellucidum. It had been documented to gradually enlarge during subsequent follow‐up examinations. The patient underwent a gross total resection of the tumor, and a soft and gelatinous mass was observed. The pathological diagnosis was compatible with GBM, and numerous tumor cells having cytoplasmic mucin vacuoles were observed. Genetic analysis revealed TP53 and NFKBIA deletions. The patient received postoperative concurrent chemotherapy with temozolomide and radiotherapy, followed by maintenance administration of temozolomide. A follow‐up examination seven months later detected an asymptomatic local recurrent lesion, which was treated with gamma‐knife therapy, followed by bevacizumab administration for six months. The patient has remained clinically well for five years following surgery. The origin of a rare tumor entity, intraventricular GBM, and the specific spatial and pathological findings in our case are discussed in this report.
Forestland transfer between rural households in Jiangxi, China: Differentiated effects of actual and perceived tenure security
Authors: Liu Xiaojin , Huang Longjunjiang , Du Juan , Xie Fangting , Zhu Shubin
Published: August 2021

This study analyzes the potentially differentiated impacts of actual and perceived tenure security on rural households' forestland transfer behavior. Logit and Tobit models were estimated using repeated survey data from 505 households in 50 villages of Jiangxi Province during 2017–2018. The results show that there is a great difference in the influence of actual and perceived tenure security on the transfer behavior. Issuing forest tenure certificates promotes the renting out of forestland by households but has no significant effect on forestland renting in. Meanwhile, perceived tenure security has a significant effect on forestland transfer behavior. Households' understanding and evaluation of the existing tenure policy also has a significantly positive impact on household's rent‐out behavior. Further, the logging quota system has a significantly negative effect on household's renting in and out behavior. Our analysis suggests that the government should strive to improve the awareness of rural families regarding forest tenure policy and that the logging quota should be modified to incentivize farmers' active participation in forest management.
Application and repeatability of ocular biometric measures for gaze position calibration in children
Authors: Ntodie Michael , Enimah Eugene B , Akoto Yaw O , Yennu Joseph N , Abokyi Samuel , Abu Emmanuel K
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of two ocular biometric measurements to obtain Hirschberg ratios (HRs) in a binocularly normal paediatric population, and to assess the repeatability of this approach.

Methods

Ocular biometry data from 80 participants (aged 5 to 14 years) was obtained using the KM‐1 LED manual keratometer and the Tomey Biometer AL‐100 A‐scan. HRs were calculated from corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth measurements in the horizontal and vertical meridians of each eye using a regression equation based on a geometric optics model. To assess intrasubject variability in the HRs obtained from biometry, measurements were repeated approximately 1 h later.

Results

At the initial measurement, mean (SD, range) HRs were 10.77 (0.79, 9.14–12.73) and 11.02 (0.82, 9.48–13.32) °/mm for the horizontal and vertical meridians, respectively. There was a significant difference between the horizontal and vertical HRs (p < 0.0001). Mean intrasubject variability of HR was 0.06 °/mm (95% Limit of Agreement [LOA]: −0.82 to 0.94 °/mm), and 0.05 °/mm (95% LOA: −1.05 to 1.15 °/mm) for the horizontal and vertical meridians, respectively.

Conclusion

The results indicated that HRs obtained through ocular biometry in a binocularly normal paediatric population are consistent with previous studies in both strabismic children and adult cohorts. The HRs obtained with this technique were highly repeatable in this study population. This approach to gaze position calibration could be used in lieu of other empirical techniques in children.
Association of vision loss and depressive symptomatology in older adults assessed for ocular health in senior living facilities
Authors: Silverstein Steven M , Sörensen Silvia , Sunkara Anoop , Lai Adriann , Fradkin Samantha I , Ramchandran Rajeev S
Published: August 2021

Purpose

People with vision loss are at increased risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) and subclinical depression. However, screening for depression is rarely done in eye care settings or among groups in the general population known to have vision disorders.

Methods

We examined the prevalence of depression, using the Patient Health Questionnaire – 2 (PHQ‐2), among a group of older adults (N = 204; mean age = 82.15) at two senior living facilities (SLFs) and determined the relationships between severity of depression and objective visual findings, visual function, beliefs about taking an active role in one's own eye care (i.e., patient activation) and level of social support.

Results

Approximately 50% of the sample had impaired vision in at least one eye, and close to 30% of the sample obtained a score on the PHQ‐2 indicating the likely presence of major depressive disorder. Visual testing findings were related to visual function (e.g., ability to read), but not to depression. Patient activation was also not significantly related to the level of depression. However, impaired visual functioning and less social support were both strong predictors of depression. These two variables and their interaction accounted for 17% of the total PHQ‐2 score variance.

Conclusions

These data indicate the potential utility of screening for depression as part of vision care in populations likely to have significant vision loss. The findings also suggest that a comprehensive approach to depression prevention and/or reduction in SLF and similar populations may require interventions to address reduced visual functioning and methods to strengthen social networks.
Phylogenetic sampling affects evolutionary patterns of morphological disparity
Authors: Smith Thomas J. , Puttick Mark N. , O’Reilly Joseph E. , Pisani Davide , Donoghue Philip C. J.
Published: August 2021

Cladistic character matrices are routinely repurposed in analyses of morphological disparity. Unfortunately, the sampling of taxa and characters within such datasets reflects their intended application (to resolve phylogeny, rather than distinguish between phenotypes) resulting in tree shapes that often misrepresent broader taxonomic and morphological diversity. Here we use tree shape as a proxy to explore how sampling can affect perceptions of evolving morphological disparity. Through analyses of simulated and empirical data, we demonstrate that sampling can introduce biases in morphospace occupation between clades that are predicted by differences in tree symmetry and branch length distribution. Symmetrical trees with relatively long internal branches predict more expansive patterns of morphospace occupation. Conversely, asymmetrical trees with relatively short internal branches predict more compact distributions. Additionally, we find that long external branches predict greater phenotypic divergence by peripheral morphotypes. Taken together, our results caution against the uncritical repurposing of cladistic datasets in disparity analyses. However, they also demonstrate that when morphological diversity is proportionately sampled, differences in tree shape between clades can speak to genuine differences in morphospace occupation. While cladistic datasets may serve as a useful starting point, disparity datasets must attempt to achieve uniformity in lineage sampling across time and topology. Only when all potential sources of bias are accounted for can evolutionary phenomena be distinguished from artefactual signals. It must be accepted that the non‐uniformity of the fossil record may preclude representative sampling and, therefore, a faithful characterization of the evolution of morphological disparity.
Robotic monosegment donor hepatectomy for pediatric liver transplantation: First report
Authors: Rela Mohamed , Rajalingam Rajesh , Shetty Guruprasad , Cherukuru Ramkiran , Rammohan Ashwin
Published: August 2021

Background

LT for infants less than 5 kg remains a challenge with high technical complication rates, which is further compounded by large‐for‐size grafts requiring hyper‐reduction. The benefits of MIDH especially for standard left lateral segment (LLS) resection have been unequivocally demonstrated. However, given the fine margins of error, the highly challenging technical aspects of anatomical graft reduction test the limits of safety and may not be routinely feasible with the conventional laparoscopic approach.

Case Report

A 14‐month‐old girl weighing 4.4 kg with extrahepatic biliary atresia was referred to our unit for an LT. Her mother volunteered to donate and the calculated volume of the LLS was 342 ml, with an estimated GRWR of 7.6. Given the extremely high GRWR, a segment II monosegment graft was planned. A RMDH was performed, with a final GRWR of 4. The donor and recipient were discharged on the 5th and 12th post‐operative days, respectively.

Conclusion

We present the first‐ever report of an RMDH. Our report highlights the fact that robotic surgery can safely replicate a highly precise surgical operation, thereby safely pushing the limits of MIDH.
Infrared, Electronic Absorption and Emission Spectra of Tris (4‐methyl‐1‐(1‐ methyl‐1H‐benzo [d] imidazol‐2‐yl)‐4H‐benzo [d]imidazo[1,5‐a]imidazol‐3‐yl) methyl: Roles of Molecular Electronic States and Axial Substitution
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Yuexing , Liu Bin , Zeng Ming‐Hua
Published: August 2021

In order to comparing and explaining the experimental infrared, electronic absorption and emission spectra of tris (4‐methyl‐1‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐benzo [d] imidazol‐2‐yl) −4H‐benzo [d] imidazo[1,5‐a]imidazol‐3‐yl) methyl (L6), density functional theory calculations were performed to systematically study the spectral properties of several species with different electronic states (L6+, L6 and HL6+), as well as the axial substituted derivative with methoxy group (L6‐OCH3). The main peaks in the vibrational, electronic absorption and emission spectra were assigned in detail. Roles of molecular electronic states and axial substitution on the spectral properties are revealed. The calculated spectra are compared with experimental results to distinguish the nature of L6 in crystal and solvent. This work combing experiment and theoretical calculations would be good example for clarifying molecular electronic states and, thus, promising the practice application of such kind of novel molecules.
Identifying resting state differences salient for resilience to chronic pain based on machine learning multivariate pattern analysis
Authors: You Beibei , Wen Hongwei , Jackson Todd
Published: August 2021

Studies have documented behavior differences between more versus less resilient adults with chronic pain (CP), but the presence and nature of underlying neurophysiological differences have received scant attention. In this study, we attempted to identify regions of interest (ROIs) in which resting state (Rs) brain activity discriminated more from less resilient CP subgroups based on multiple kernel learning (MKL). More and less resilient community‐dwellers with chronic musculoskeletal pain (70 women, 39 men) engaged in structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, wherein MKL assessed Rs activity based on amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional amplitudes of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF), and regional homogeneity (ReHo) modalities to identify ROIs most salient for discriminating more versus less resilient subgroups. Compared to classification based on single modalities, multi‐modal classification based on combined fALFF and ReHo features achieved a substantially higher classification accuracy rate (79%). Brain regions with the best discriminative power included those implicated in pain processing, reward, executive function, goal‐directed action, emotion regulation and resilience to mood disorders though variation trends were not consistent between more and less resilient subgroups. Results revealed patterns of Rs activity that serve as possible biomarkers for resilience to chronic musculoskeletal pain.
Comparative impact of light and neighbor effect on the growth of introduced speciesSonneratia apetalaand native mangrove species in China: implications for restoration
Authors: Zhu Dehuang , Hui Dafeng , Huang Zijian , Qiao Xueting , Tong Sen , Wang Mengqi , Yang Qiong , Yu Shixiao
Published: August 2021

Light condition and neighbor effects are important environmental factors that need to be considered for restoration of mangroves, especially when introduced species are mixed with native species. To evaluate different mangrove species performance under various light intensities and different planting systems, we selected three native mangrove species (Avicennia marina,Aegiceras corniculatum, andKandelia obovata) and grew them withSonneratia apetalain multispecies plots and in monospecies plots withoutS. apetalaunder three light conditions in Futian Nature Reserve, south China. After 10 months of the experiment, plant functional traits were measured. The results showed thatS. apetalawas a light‐demanding species andA. corniculatumandA. marinawere suitable for growth under the medium light condition. The native species were inhibited byS. apetala. Specifically, the height and basal diameter of the native species were lower in the multispecies plots than in the monospecies plots. In the multispecies plots, native species changed their functional growth traits, with higher‐specific leaf area and chlorophyll content, and reduced leaf thickness, leaf dry‐mass content, and carotenoid content compared to those in the monospecies plots. These results indicated trade‐offs between traits that enhance light interception and traits that stimulate plant growth in native species. Our findings revealed thatS. apetalais an adequate species with good invasion capability for restoration in open‐degraded areas, but its ecological impact on the inhibited growth of native species should be carefully considered in mangrove restoration.
Innovation‐adjusted economic complexity and growth: Do patent flows reveal enhanced economic capabilities?
Authors: Lybbert Travis J. , Xu Mingzhi
Published: August 2021

Understanding economic growth has been a primary pursuit for generations of economists. Hidalgo and Hausmann (2009) (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 10570–10575) charted new territory in this pursuit by using bipartite international trade networks to characterize the economic complexity of a country based on the capabilities implied by the products it exports. The resulting Economic Complexity Index (ECI) correlates strongly with income levels and predicts subsequent economic growth with some statistical precision. We propose an innovation‐adjusted ECI (i‐ECI) that uses a high‐resolution patent–trade concordance to construct trade networks weighted by domestic and international patent application flows. The i‐ECI thus reflects firms’ decisions about where to seek patent protection on industry‐specific inventions, allows for heterogeneity in the relative importance of patenting across industries, and implicitly captures firms’ perceived innovation potential in the recipient countries. Although the i‐ECI is highly correlated with the ECI (correlation coefficient greater than 92%), it is a stronger and more statistically precise predictor of economic growth than the unadjusted ECI.
Effects of pollution abatement activities on environmental efficiency and productivity: Empirical evidence from the Chinese industrial sector
Authors: Shimizu Masayuki
Published: August 2021

Since the 2000s, China has been aggressively involved in controlling industrial pollution, and end‐of‐pipe approaches have certainly reduced pollution emissions. This study aims to measure environmental efficiency and productivity in the Chinese industrial sector and investigate whether pollution abatement activities have a negative impact on environmental efficiency and productivity. Using regional data from 29 provinces from 1997 to 2010, the results show that significant improvements were made in environmental efficiency and productivity in the Eastern region, but not in the Western region. The estimation results after conducting a panel data analysis, however, show that increased pollution abatement activities are associated with a decline in environmental efficiency and productivity. The findings suggest that if China can promote the diffusion of cleaner production technology with the expansion of abatement activities, there is potential for increasing the levels of environmental efficiency and productivity.
Translating social policy ideas: The Beveridge report, transnational diffusion, andpost‐warwelfare state development in Canada, Denmark, and France
Authors: Béland Daniel , Marchildon Gregory P. , Mioni Michele , Petersen Klaus
Published: August 2021

In the history of social policy in advanced industrial societies, the 1942 Beveridge Report stands as one of the most influential government‐sponsored reports ever published. In this article, we explore how the principles and the policy proposals formulated in the report diffused to other countries and how domestic actors adapted them to their local context through policy translation processes. The social policy ideas that Beveridge put forward in his 1942 report influenced post‐war policy debates in ways that varied greatly from country to country. To illustrate this claim, we analyse the reception and policy impact of this report over time in three different welfare states: Canada, Denmark, and France. This comparison shows how Beveridge's ideas influenced policy debates in different countries through translation processes that adapted these ideas to each country's institutional and political context.
Mass media exposure and disproportional influences on materialistic values and buying impulsiveness among urban youth
Authors: Yu Nan Sook , Nam‐Speers Jiwon
Published: August 2021

Objective

The literature on adolescent consumption behavior asserts that environmental features affect buying impulsiveness of the urban youth in Korea. This research assesses this assertion by examining adolescents’ buying impulsiveness through the integration of mediating and moderating effects that exert influence on them.

Method

We used a structural equation model to evaluate the relationships between all constructs and the measurement errors of multi‐indicators, and to determine whether the proposed relationships are supported by the data.

Results

School as an environmental feature did not universally influence adolescents’ materialistic values, as its effect in this respect was instead moderated by students' level of exposure to mass media. When a high level of such exposure was present, school had a substantial impact on the presence and growth of materialistic values. In terms of another environmental feature, the influence of students' peers significantly increased their buying impulsiveness, while the influence of parents moderately decreased it.

Conclusion

This study contributes to the elaboration of a more comprehensive causal model of adolescents' buying impulsiveness.
Experimental Study of Pool Boiling Enhancement Using a Two-Step Electrodeposited Cu–GNPs Nanocomposite Porous Surface With R-134a
Authors: Katarkar Anil S. , Pingale Ajay D. , Belgamwar Sachin U. , Bhaumik Swapan
Published: August 2021

The fabrication of porous metallic composite coating on the heating surface to improve pool boiling heat transfer (BHT) performance has received significant attention in recent years. In this work, Cu–GNPs nanocomposite coatings, which were prepared on a copper substrate using various current densities through a two-step electrodeposition technique, were used as heating surfaces to study the pool BHT performance of refrigerant R-134a. The surface morphology, elemental composition, thickness, surface roughness, and porosity of prepared Cu–GNPs nanocomposite coatings are studied and presented in detail. All Cu–GNPs nanocomposite coated surfaces exhibited improved boiling performance compared to the plain Cu surface. The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) values for Cu–GNPs nanocomposite coated Cu surfaces prepared at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 A/cm2 were improved up to 1.48, 1.67, 1.82, and 1.97, respectively, compared with the plain Cu surface. The enhancement in the HTC is mainly associated with the increase in surface roughness, active nucleation site density, and micro/nanoporosity of the heating surface.
Evaluation of the ESFR End of Equilibrium Cycle State: Spatial Distributions of Reactivity Coefficients
Authors: Baker Una , Margulis Marat , Shwageraus Eugene , Fridman Emil , Carrascosa Antonio Jiménez , García Herranz Nuria , Cabellos Oscar , Gregg Robert , Krepel Jiri
Published: August 2021

The Horizon 2020 European Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor Safety Measures Assessment and Research Tools (ESFR-SMART) project investigates the behavior of the commercial-size ESFR throughout its lifetime. This paper reports work focused on the end of equilibrium cycle (EOEC) loading of the ESFR, including neutronic analysis, core- and zone-wise reactivity coefficients, and more detailed local mapping of important safety-relevant parameters. Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis on these parameters have also been performed, and a detailed investigation into decay heat mapping was carried out. Due to the scope of this work, the results have been split into three papers. The nominal operating conditions and both zone-wise and local mapping of reactivity coefficients are considered in this paper. The work was performed across four institutions using both continuous-energy Monte Carlo (MC) and deterministic reactor physics codes. A good agreement is observed between the methods, verifying the suitability of these codes for simulation of large, complicated reactor configurations and giving confidence in the results for the most limiting ESFR EOEC core state for safety analysis. The results from this work will serve as the basis for the transient calculations planned for the next stage of work on the ESFR, allowing for more in-depth studies to be performed on the multiphysics behavior of the reactor.
A Digital Twin for Automated Layup of Prepreg Composite Sheets
Authors: Chen Yi-Wei , Joseph Rex Jomy , Kanyuck Alec , Khan Shahwaz , Malhan Rishi K. , Manyar Omey M. , McNulty Zachary , Wang Bohan , Barbič Jernej , Gupta Satyandra K.
Published: August 2021

The composite sheet layup process involves stacking several layers of a viscoelastic prepreg sheet and curing the laminate to manufacture the component. Demands for automating functional tasks in the composite manufacturing processes have dramatically increased in the past decade. A simulation system representing a digital twin of the composite sheet can aid in the development of such an autonomous system for prepreg sheet layup. While finite element analysis (FEA) is a popular approach for simulating flexible materials, material properties need to be encoded to produce high-fidelity mechanical simulations. We present a methodology to predict material parameters of a thin-shell FEA model based on real-world observations of the deformations of the object. We utilize the model to develop a digital twin of a composite sheet. The method is tested on viscoelastic composite prepreg sheets and fabric materials such as cotton cloth, felt, and canvas. We discuss the implementation and development of a high-speed FEA simulator based on the VegaFEM library. By using our method to identify sheet material parameters, the sheet simulation system is able to predict sheet behavior within 5 cm of average error and have proven its capability for 10 fps real-time sheet simulation.
The Influence of Carbon Nanotubes and Reprocessing on the Morphology and Properties of High-Density Polyethylene/Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Stan Felicia , Sandu Ionut-Laurentiu , Constantinescu (Turcanu) Adriana-Madalina , Stanciu Nicoleta-Violeta , Fetecau Catalin
Published: August 2021

This study investigates virgin and recycled high-density polyethylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube (HDPE/MWCNT) composites using thermophysical and mechanical characterization techniques to generate knowledge and understand the recyclability of these composites. First, virgin samples with 0.1–5 wt% of MWCNTs were prepared by injection molding. Then, the HDPE/MWCNT composite waste, selectively collected based on the nanotube wt%, was mechanically recycled and successively reprocessed by injection molding. The experimental results show that the degradation process of the end-user properties (mechanical and electrical properties) depends on the MWCNT loading. The higher the carbon nanotube loading, the higher the degradation of the end-user properties. The HDPE/MWCNT composites were found to be resistant to degradation at carbon nanotube loadings below the percolation threshold (located around 3 wt%). In contrast, the recycled HDPE/MWCNT composites with 5 wt% showed a reduction in viscosity, mechanical and electrical properties with recycling. After four reprocessing cycles, degradation in the Young modulus (−35%), tensile strength (−25%), elongation at break (−60%), and electrical conductivity (−2 orders of magnitude) of the HDPE/MWCNT composite with 5 wt% was observed as compared with the virgin composite. From an industrial perspective, it is feasible to recycle HDPE/MWCNT composite waste by mechanical recycling and reuse it to manufacture products with favorable mechanical properties, covering insulating, antistatic and semiconducting ranges depending on the MWCNT loading, owing to the protective effect of carbon nanotubes against thermomechanical degradation.
Numerical Investigation of Unsteady Combustor Turbine Interaction for Flexible Power Generation
Authors: Lo Presti Federico , Sembritzky Marwick , Winhart Benjamin , Post Pascal , di Mare Francesca , Wiedermann Alexander , Greving Johannes , Krewinkel Robert
Published: August 2021

With the growing importance of regenerative power generation and especially of a hydrogen-based economy, the full potential of gas turbines of the smaller output class (<10 MW) can be ideally exploited to provide peak coverage of the energy need whilst stabilizing the electric grids in the mid- and low-voltage range. Such machines can be typically started in a relatively short time (similarly to aero engines) and are capable, at the same time, of delivering dispatchable power-on-demand. A safe, stable and profitable operation under highly unsteady conditions poses renewed challenges for an optimal thermal management (especially in the HP stages) as well as control and surveillance of the machines. The understanding and hence predictability of the propagation of the temperature inhomogeneities originating at the combustor outlet remains hence a primary objective of current research, as persistent distortion patterns could be adopted at the turbine exhaust as diagnostic indications of a malfunction of the combustor, for example. In the present study, low-frequency disturbances introduced by a periodic load variation have been simulated and superimposed to the inhomogeneous, unsteady flow entering a three-stage, high-pressure industrial gas turbine fed by a can-type combustion chamber comprising six silo-burners. The effects of the unsteadiness realized at the combustor exit have been investigated by means of Detached Eddy Simulations, whereby a density-based solution approach with detailed thermodynamics has been employed. The periodic disturbances at the turbine inlet have been obtained by means of an artificially generated, unsteady field, resulting from a two-dimensional snapshot of the flow field at the combustor exit. Also, a combustor failure has been mimicked by reducing (respectively increasing) the mean temperature in some of the turbine inlet regions corresponding to the outlet of two burners. The propagation and amplitude changes of temperature fluctuations have been analyzed in the frequency domain. Tracking of the temperature fluctuations' maxima at the lowest frequencies revealed characteristic migration patterns indicating that the corresponding fluctuations persist with a non-negligible amplitude up to the last rows. A distinct footprint could also be observed at the same locations when a combustor failure was simulated, showing that, in principle, the early detection of combustor failures is indeed possible.
Strain Response and Aerodynamic Damping of a Swirl Distortion Generator Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Hayden Andrew , Untaroiu Alexandrina
Published: August 2021

Boundary layer ingestion (BLI) concepts have become a prominent topic in research and development due to their increase in fuel efficiency for aircraft. Virginia Tech has developed the StreamVane™, a secondary flow distortion generator, which can be used to efficiently test BLI and its aeromechanical effects on turbomachinery. To ensure the safety of this system, the complex vanes within StreamVanes must be further analyzed structurally and aerodynamically. In this paper, the induced strain of two common vane shapes at three different operating conditions is computationally determined. Along with these predictions, the aerodynamic damping of the vanes is calculated to predict flutter conditions at the same three operating points. To achieve this, steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations are done to acquire the aerodynamic pressure loading on the vanes. Finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to obtain the strain and modal response of the StreamVane structure. The mode shapes and steady CFD are used to initialize an unsteady CFD analysis, which acquires the aerodynamic damping results of the vanes. The testcase used for this evaluation was specifically designed to overstep the structural limits of a StreamVane, and the results provide an efficient computational method to observe flutter conditions of stationary systems.
Shock Waves as Dominant Mechanism for Cavitation Damage
Authors: Osman O. O. , Abouel-Kasem A. , Ahmed S. M.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the mechanism of energy transfer from cavitation bubbles to solids is demonstrated as shock waves. To identify this mechanism, cavitation bubble structures, the corresponding damaged surface, and the wear particles in vibratory erosion tests on pure aluminum Al-99.999 using high-speed and scanning electron microscope photography were observed. The eroded surface morphology was in the form of large swellings (hundreds of micrometers), which embodies the plastic flow. Results indicate that large swelling regions formed in a few seconds are caused by shock pressure waves and not by a microjet only several micrometers in size. The observed surface erosion and falling particles make it clear that the mechanism of cavitation wear is fatigue failure.