bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evolution of vegetative branching in sorghum
Authors: Kong WenQian , Nabukalu Pheonah , Cox T. Stan , Goff Valorie , Robertson Jon S. , Pierce Gary , Lemke Cornelia , Compton Rosana , Reeves Jaxk , Paterson Andrew H.
Published: August 2021

Tillering and secondary branching are two plastic traits with high agronomic importance, especially in terms of the ability of plants to adapt to changing environments. We describe a quantitative trait analysis of tillering and secondary branching in two novel BC1F2 populations totaling 246 genotypes derived from backcrossing two Sorghum bicolor x S. halepense F1 plants to a tetraploidized S. bicolor. A two-year, two-environment phenotypic evaluation in Bogart, GA and Salina, KS permitted us to identify major effect and environment specific QTLs. Significant correlation between tillering and secondary branching followed by discovery of overlapping sets of QTLs continue to support the developmental relationship between these two organs and suggest the possibility of pleiotropy. Comparisons with two other populations sharing S. bicolor BTx623 as a common parent but sampling the breadth of the Sorghum genus, increase confidence in QTL detected for these two plastic traits and provide insight into the evolution of morphological diversity in the Eusorghum clade. Correspondence between flowering time and vegetative branching supports other evidence in suggesting a pleiotropic effect of flowering genes. We propose a model to predict biomass weight from plant architecture related traits, quantifying contribution of each trait to biomass and providing guidance for future breeding experiments.
Rapport building and witness memory: Actions may ‘speak’ louder than words
Authors: Nahouli Zacharia , Dando Coral J. , Mackenzie Jay-Marie , Aresti Andreas
Published: August 2021

Building rapport during police interviews is argued as important for improving on the completeness and accuracy of information provided by witnesses and victims. However, little experimental research has clearly operationalised rapport and investigated the impact of rapport behaviours on episodic memory. Eighty adults watched a video of a mock crime event and 24-hours later were randomly allocated to an interview condition where verbal and/or behavioural (non-verbal) rapport techniques were manipulated. Memorial performance measures revealed significantly more correct information, without a concomitant increase in errors, was elicited when behavioural rapport was present, a superiority effect found in both the free and probed recall phase of interviews. The presence of verbal rapport was found to reduce recall accuracy in the free recall phase of interviews. Post-interview feedback revealed significant multivariate effects for the presence of behavioural (only) rapport and combined (behavioural + verbal) rapport. Participants rated their interview experience far more positively when these types of rapport were present compared to when verbal (only) rapport or no rapport was present. These findings add weight to the importance of rapport in supporting eyewitness cognition, highlighting the potential consequences of impoverished social behaviours for building rapport during dyadic interactions, suggesting ‘doing’ rather than simply ‘saying’ may be more beneficial.
Knowledge, acceptance and perception on COVID-19 vaccine among Malaysians: A web-based survey
Authors: Mohamed Nurul Azmawati , Solehan Hana Maizuliana , Mohd Rani Mohd Dzulkhairi , Ithnin Muslimah , Che Isahak Che Ilina
Published: August 2021

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is caused by a newly discovered coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The Malaysian government has planned to procure COVID-19 vaccine through multiple agencies and companies in order to vaccinate at least 70% of the population. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, acceptance and perception of Malaysian adults regarding the COVID-19 vaccine.

Methodology

An online survey was conducted for two weeks in December 2020. A bilingual, semi-structured questionnaire was set up using Google Forms and the generated link was shared on social media (i.e., Facebook and WhatsApp). The questionnaire consisted of questions on knowledge, acceptance and perception of COVID-19 vaccine. The association between demographic factors with scores on knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine were analysed using the Mann-Whitney test for two categorical variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis test used for more than two categorical variables.

Results

A total of 1406 respondents participated, with the mean age of 37.07 years (SD = 16.05) years, and among them 926 (65.9%) were female. Sixty two percent of respondents had poor knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine (mean knowledge score 4.65; SD = 2.32) and 64.5% were willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine. High knowledge scores associated with higher education background, higher-income category and living with who is at higher risk of getting severe COVID-19. They were more likely to be willing to get vaccinated if they were in a lower age group, have higher education levels and were female.

Conclusion

Even though knowledge about vaccine COVID-19 is inadequate, the majority of the respondents were willing to get vaccinated. This finding can help the Ministry of Health plan for future efforts to increase vaccine uptake that may eventually lead to herd immunity against COVID-19.
A novel algorithm based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition for non-invasive fetal ECG extraction
Authors: Barnova Katerina , Martinek Radek , Jaros Rene , Kahankova Radana , Matonia Adam , Jezewski Michal , Czabanski Robert , Horoba Krzysztof , Jezewski Janusz
Published: August 2021

Non-invasive fetal electrocardiography appears to be one of the most promising fetal monitoring techniques during pregnancy and delivery nowadays. This method is based on recording electrical potentials produced by the fetal heart from the surface of the maternal abdomen. Unfortunately, in addition to the useful fetal electrocardiographic signal, there are other interference signals in the abdominal recording that need to be filtered. The biggest challenge in designing filtration methods is the suppression of the maternal electrocardiographic signal. This study focuses on the extraction of fetal electrocardiographic signal from abdominal recordings using a combination of independent component analysis, recursive least squares, and ensemble empirical mode decomposition. The method was tested on two databases, the Fetal Electrocardiograms, Direct and Abdominal with Reference Heartbeats Annotations and the PhysioNet Challenge 2013 database. The evaluation was performed by the assessment of the accuracy of fetal QRS complexes detection and the quality of fetal heart rate determination. The effectiveness of the method was measured by means of the statistical parameters as accuracy, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and F1-score. Using the proposed method, when testing on the Fetal Electrocardiograms, Direct and Abdominal with Reference Heartbeats Annotations database, accuracy higher than 80% was achieved for 11 out of 12 recordings with an average value of accuracy 92.75% [95% confidence interval: 91.19–93.88%], sensitivity 95.09% [95% confidence interval: 93.68–96.03%], positive predictive value 96.36% [95% confidence interval: 95.05–97.17%] and F1-score 95.69% [95% confidence interval: 94.83–96.35%]. When testing on the Physionet Challenge 2013 database, accuracy higher than 80% was achieved for 17 out of 25 recordings with an average value of accuracy 78.24% [95% confidence interval: 73.44–81.85%], sensitivity 81.79% [95% confidence interval: 76.59–85.43%], positive predictive value 87.16% [95% confidence interval: 81.95–90.35%] and F1-score 84.08% [95% confidence interval: 80.75–86.64%]. Moreover, the non-invasive ST segment analysis was carried out on the records from the Fetal Electrocardiograms, Direct and Abdominal with Reference Heartbeats Annotations database and achieved high accuracy in 7 from in total of 12 records (mean valuesμ< 0.1 and values of ±1.96σ< 0.1).
Compressing deep graph convolution network with multi-staged knowledge distillation
Authors: Kim Junghun , Jung Jinhong , Kang U.
Published: August 2021

Given a trained deep graph convolution network (GCN), how can we effectively compress it into a compact network without significant loss of accuracy? Compressing a trained deep GCN into a compact GCN is of great importance for implementing the model to environments such as mobile or embedded systems, which have limited computing resources. However, previous works for compressing deep GCNs do not consider the multi-hop aggregation of the deep GCNs, though it is the main purpose for their multiple GCN layers. In this work, we proposeMustaD(Multi-staged knowledgeDistillation), a novel approach for compressing deep GCNs to single-layered GCNs through multi-staged knowledge distillation (KD).MustaDdistills the knowledge of 1) the aggregation from multiple GCN layers as well as 2) task prediction while preserving the multi-hop feature aggregation of deep GCNs by a single effective layer. Extensive experiments on four real-world datasets show thatMustaDprovides the state-of-the-art performance compared to other KD based methods. Specifically,MustaDpresents up to 4.21%p improvement of accuracy compared to the second-best KD models.
Lymphopenia in hospitalized patients and its relationship with severity of illness and mortality
Authors: Andreu-Ballester Juan Carlos , Pons-Castillo Aurelio , González-Sánchez Antonio , Llombart-Cussac Antonio , Cano María José , Cuéllar Carmen
Published: August 2021

Background

Lymphopenia is associated with various pathologies such as sepsis, burns, trauma, general anesthesia and major surgeries. All these pathologies are clinically expressed by the so-called Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome which does not include lymphopenia into defining criteria. The main objective of this work was to analyze the diagnosis of patients admitted to a hospital related to lymphopenia during hospital stay. In addition, we investigated the relationship of lymphopenia with the four levels of the Severity of Illness (SOI) and the Risk of Mortality (ROM).

Method and findings

Lymphopenia was defined as Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) <1.0 x109/L. ALC were analyzed every day since admission. The four levels (minor, moderate, major and extreme risk) of both SOI and ROM were assessed. A total of 58,260 hospital admissions were analyzed. More than 41% of the patients had lymphopenia during hospital stay. The mean time to death was shorter among patients with lymphopenia on admission 65.6 days (CI95%, 57.3–73.8)vs89.9 (CI95%, 82.4–97.4), P<0.001. Also, patients with lymphopenia during hospital stay had a shorter time to the mortality, 67.5 (CI95%, 61.1–73.9)vs96.9 (CI95%, 92.6–101.2), P<0.001.

Conclusions

Lymphopenia had a high prevalence in hospitalized patients with greater relevance in infectious pathologies. Lymphopenia was related and clearly predicts SOI and ROM at the time of admission, and should be considered as clinical diagnostic criteria to define SIRS.
Graph-based open-ended survey on concerns related to COVID-19
Authors: Kawamoto Tatsuro , Aoki Takaaki , Ueda Michiko
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health crisis with broad social and economic consequences. We conducted four surveys between April and August 2020 using the graph-based open-ended survey (GOS) framework, and investigated the most pressing concerns and issues for the general public in Japan. The GOS framework is a hybrid of the two traditional survey frameworks that allows respondents to post their opinions in a free-format style, which can subsequently serve as one of the choice items for other respondents, just as in a multiple-choice survey. As a result, this framework generates an opinion graph that relates opinions and respondents. We can also construct annotated opinion graphs to achieve a higher resolution. By clustering the annotated opinion graphs, we revealed the characteristic evolution of the response patterns as well as the interconnectedness and multi-faceted nature of opinions. Substantively, our notable finding is that “social pressure,” not “infection risk,” was one of the major concerns of our respondents. Social pressure refers to criticism and discrimination that they anticipate receiving from others should they contract COVID-19. It is possible that the collectivist nature of Japanese culture coupled with the government’s policy of relying on personal responsibility to combat COVID-19 explains some of the above findings, as the latter has led to the emergence of vigilantes. The presence of mutual surveillance can contribute to growing skepticism toward others as well as fear of ostracism, which may have negative consequences at both the societal and individual levels.
Nudging in the time of coronavirus? Comparing public support for soft and hard preventive measures, highlighting the role of risk perception and experience
Authors: Dudás Levente , Szántó Richárd
Published: August 2021

The importance of researching public support for preventive policies have been amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a representative sample of the Hungarian population, we investigated the support for commonly used preventive measures (social distancing, hand hygiene and wearing masks) comparing two different policy tools (nudges and regulations). Because of the high risk and unfamiliarity of the pandemic, the respondents’ risk perception and experience with the disease was also assessed. All preventive measures were generally supported and, contrary to the findings of previous nudge research, there was no clear pattern whether regulations or nudges are preferred. People with higher level of risk perception supported both types of policies more but slightly favoured the regulations. Those who had contact with the disease (either themselves or a close friend or family member contracting COVID-19) reported a higher level of risk perception. When the person themselves was afflicted, this higher levels of risk perception did not translate to a higher level of support, moreover, it even decreased support for the regulations according to regression analysis. In case of a loved one contracting the disease, there was an increased support for both types of measures, but that is explained by the higher risk perception.
Frankfurt Becomes the New City: Impactos Macro-Financeiros do Brexit na Alemanha
Authors: Palanca Thais , Costa Filho João Ricardo
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho analisa o impacto macrofinanceiro da saída do Reino Unido da União Europeia (Brexit) sobre o crescimento econômico alemão. O possível redesenho do mercado financeiro europeu, em decorrência da evasão de capital financeiro ocasionada pelo Brexit, em certa medida, pode ocasionar o deslocamento do atual centro financeiro europeu – City London- para Frankfurt, Alemanha. O potencial para a cidade alemã se tornar a nova capital financeira da região poderia proporcionar à Alemanha uma nova fonte de crescimento econômico, impulsionado pela complementariedade do mercado de capitais alemão e os bancos, responsáveis pelo financiamento e vetores do investimento nas empresas do país.
Resenha – Introdução à Teoria Econômica de John Rogers Commons
Authors: Constantino Jeronimo Rodrigo
Published: August 2021

Resenha do livro “Introdução à Teoria Econômica de John Rogers Commons”, escrito por Sebastião Neto Ribeiro Guedes e publicado em 2019 pela editora Appris (Curitiba). A obra de Guedes, que é professor associado do departamento de Economia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) - Câmpus Araraquara, representa um trabalho pioneiro em língua portuguesa dedicado ao estudo do pensamento institucionalista de John R. Commons e ao debate sobre o seu lugar na história do pensamento econômico.
Microclimatic analysis of mangroves in two distinct categories of Protected Areas and conserved status
Authors: Beserra de Lima Nádia Gilma , Cunha-Lignon Marília , Galvani Emerson
Published: August 2021

Mangrove forests provide essential ecosystem services to human communities, including climate regulation. In Brazil, the National System of Nature Conservation Units divides Protected Areas (PAs) into two categories: Full Protection (FP) and Sustainable Use (SU). The FP areas are composed of five categories, including National Parks, and the SU areas comprise seven categories, such as Environmental Protection Areas. The current research compared climatic attributes, leaf area index, and vegetation structure development in mangrove forests in two distinct categories of PAs (FP and SU) along the southern coast of the state of São Paulo (Brazil) to analyze the climatic conditions in different PA categories. A survey of the microclimatic attributes found that the conserved mangroves in the FP PA presented a) greater thermal stability in terms of the maximum, minimum, and mean air temperatures, and b) a better role of mangrove vegetation in (re)distributing the energy inside the forest. Therefore, it is affirmed that FP PAs play a fundamental role in maintaining the good conservation status of mangroves and, consequently, stabilizing the microclimate.
Mapeamento e avaliação dos serviços ecossistêmicos entre 1985 e 2019 na sub-bacia hidrográfica do Arroio Passo Fundo (Guaíba/RS)
Authors: Hinata Sumirê da Silva , Basso Luis Alberto , Santos José Gomes dos Santos
Published: August 2021

O objetivo principal deste estudo consiste em analisar os Serviços Ecossistêmicos fornecidos na Sub-Bacia Hidrográfica do Arroio Passo Fundo, localizada no município de Guaíba/RS. Para analisar as transições ocorridas nas classes de uso e cobertura do solo no intervalo de tempo compreendido entre 1985 e 2019 foram utilizados os dados da Coleção 5 do Projeto MapBiomas, bem como as transformações ocorridas nesse intervalo de 34 anos, que subsidiaram a elaboração de um cenário tendencial para os anos de 2030 e 2050, através do software livre Dinamica EGO. Os resultados mostram que a sub-bacia forneceu em torno de US$ 21.020.441 em Serviços Ecossistêmicos em 1985, com diminuição para US$ 19.635.767 em 2019, e um valor estimado em US$ 19.059.616 no cenário tendencial de 2050. A alteração mais evidente foi a conversão de áreas de Formação campestre para o cultivo de soja. A identificação das classes de uso e cobertura do solo associadas aos múltiplos Serviços Ecossistêmicos é uma alternativa eficaz para que gestores públicos e tomadores de decisão elaborem estratégias, proativas e eficientes, para melhoria da qualidade ambiental da sub-bacia.
FRONT MATTER
Authors: Scharnick-Udemans Lee-Shae
Published: August 2021

FRONT MATTER
Pathophysiology of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: Reopened Debate
Authors: Angelini Paolo , Uribe Carlo , Tobis Jonathan M.
Published: August 2021

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC), a persistently obscure dysfunctional condition of the left ventricle, is uniquely transient but nevertheless dangerous. It features variable ventricular patterns and is predominant in women. For 30 years, pathophysiologic investigations have progressed only slowly and with inadequate focus.

It was initially proposed that sudden-onset spastic obliteration of coronary flow induced myocardial ischemia with residual stunning and thus TTC. Later, it was generally accepted without proof that, in the presence of pain or emotional stress, the dominant mechanism for TTC onset was a catecholamine surge that had a direct, toxic myocardial effect.

We think that the manifestations of TTC are more dynamic and complex than can be assumed from catecholamine effects alone. In addition, after reviewing the recent medical literature and considering our own clinical observations, especially on spasm, we theorize that atherosclerotic coronary artery disease modulates and physically opposes obstruction during spasm. This phenomenon may explain the midventricular variant of TTC and the lower incidence of TTC in men. We continue to recommend and perform acetylcholine testing to reproduce TTC and to confirm our theory that coronary spasm is its initial pathophysiologic factor. An improved understanding of TTC is especially important because of the condition's markedly increased incidence during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
The Case of Sharon Considered from the Vantage Point of Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy
Authors: Critchfield Kenneth L. , Dobner-Pereira Julia , Stucker Eliza
Published: August 2021

In Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy (IRT: Benjamin, 2003/2006; 2018) a case formulation is used to tailor interventions to each patient’s unique patterns. Using the IRT lens, psychopathology is understood as reflecting attempts to adapt to current environments using maladaptive rules and values that were learned and internalized in the context of close attachment relationships. IRT identifies precise ways in which early learning shapes present experience. Additionally, the "gift of love" (GOL) hypothesis posits that motivation to repeat maladaptive ways is linked to the wish to receive love and acceptance from specific internalized attachment figures by repeating their ways and values for the patient. The IRT case formulation has been shown to be reliable and valid (Critchfield, Benjamin, & Levenick, 2015). The therapy adherence measure is also reliable (Critchfield, Davis, Gunn, & Benjamin, 2008) and correlates well with retention as well as reduced symptoms and rehospitalization rates (Karpiak, Critchfield, & Benjamin, 2011) among "difficult to treat" patients characterized as having high levels of personality disorder, chronic and severe problems, and prior failed treatment attempts. To illustrate the case formulation process, an IRT formulation is applied to the case of a 28-year-old female patient for whom a poor outcome was documented.
Interpersonal Wishes and Fears with Regard to Internalized Attachment Figures: Differing Focus of Two Case Formulation Methods that use SASB
Authors: Critchfield Kenneth L. , Dobner-Pereira Julia , Stucker Eliza
Published: August 2021

This commentary is organized in parallel with Westerman’s (2021b) comparison to include focus on (1) the formulation methods used by IRT and Interpersonal Defense Theory, and then (2) their treatment implications. In each major section, comments center first on comparison of the approaches in general, and then turn to a focus on the details of Sharon’s case. In sum, we wish to underscore the need for continued empirical work in both IRT and Interpersonal Defense Theory traditions as ways to advance our field. We see each method as offering a different scope and focal areas of concern. With a mind toward the advancement of research and application along both lines of thought, our commentary provides an overview of how we see areas of alignment, divergence, and their potential meaning for theory and practice. The two methods share a great deal in terms of assumptive worldviews, prioritization of relational material, and even specific measurement methodology (SASB). Where the methods diverge, we believe it is primarily because they seek answers to different kinds of questions.
Machine learning-based approach for segmentation of intervertebral disc degeneration from lumbar section of spine using MRI images
Authors: Shinde Jayashri V. , Joshi Yashwant V. , Manthalkar Ramchandra R. , Joshi
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Intervertebral disc segmentation is one of the methods to diagnose spinal disease through the degeneration in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. Even though numerous intervertebral disc segmentation techniques are available, classifying the grades in the intervertebral disc is a hectic challenge in the existing disc segmentation methods. Thus, an effective Whale Spine-Generative Adversarial Network (WSpine-GAN) method is proposed to segment the intervertebral disc for effective grade classification.

Methods

The proposed WSpine-GAN method effectively performs the disc segmentation, wherein the weights of Spine-GAN are optimally tuned using Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). Then, the refined disc features, such as pixel-based features and the connectivity features are extracted. Finally, the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier based on the pfirrmann’s grading system performs the grade classification.

Results

The implementation of the grade classification strategy based on the proposed WSpine-GAN and KNN is performed using the real-time database, and the performance based on the metrics yielded the accuracy, true positive rate (TPR), and false positive rate (FPR) values of 97.778, 97.83, and 0.586% for the training percentage and 92.382, 90.580, and 1.972% for the K-fold value.

Conclusions

The proposed WSpine-GAN method effectively performs the disc segmentation by integrating the Spine-GANmethod and WOA. Here, the spinal cord images are segmented using the proposed WSpine-GAN method by tuning the weights optimally to enhance the performance of the disc segmentation.
Diversitätsmanagement chinesischer Unternehmen in Deutschland aus interkultureller Sicht – Eine empirische Untersuchung
Authors: Pan Yaling
Published: August 2021

Zahlreiche chinesische Unternehmen haben den Weg nach Deutschland gefunden und investieren nicht nur in neue Standorte, sondern auch in Fachpersonal. Eine kulturell diverse Belegschaft trifft auf eine vom Mutterkonzern entsandte chinesische Führungskraft, die selbst oft mit der fremden Umgebung hadert. Aus diesem Spannungsverhältnis ergeben sich verschiedene Herausforderungen. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich zum Ziel, das Diversitätsmanagement in der Arbeitspraxis chinesischer Unternehmen in Deutschland in seiner interkulturellen Wirklichkeit zu erkunden. Durch leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews mit chinesischen und deutschen Fach- und Führungskräften konnten wichtige Aspekte und Spannungsfelder im Diversitätsmanagement von 42 befragten Unternehmen identifiziert werden. Basierend auf der Codierung und Analyse der Interviewdaten konnten Strategien und Erfolge im Diversitätsmanagement auf drei Ebenen konstatiert werden: Die grundlegende, die tragende und die äußere Ebene, welche in einem gegenseitigen Zusammenspiel eine vitale Einheit für die Nutzung von Vielfalt bilden, der Reziprozität, Eigendynamik und Prozesshaftigkeit innewohnen.
The microstructure of magnetorheological materials characterized by means of computed X-ray microtomography
Authors: Schümann Malte , Odenbach Stefan
Published: August 2021

Magnetorheological materials are a class of “smart materials”, where mechanical material properties can be tuned by the application of externally applied fields. To accomplish the magneto-sensitive quality, magnetic particlesare distributed in a host matrix. In the last year’s interest gained in materials based on solid matrices. In contrast to fluid systems, within a solid matrix, the particles are fixed within the material. This enables an evaluation of the structures formed by the particles by means of computed X-ray microtomography. As known from past investigations, the arrangement and movement of the magnetic particles within the matrix play a major role in determining the overall material properties. Computed X-ray microtomography proved to be a convenient tool, providing important new knowledge about those materials. This paper gives an overview of the application of the method of computed X-ray microtomography on several kinds of solid magnetorheological materials, the broad possibilities of data evaluation, and fundamental results obtained with this method and the described materials.
The readability of online health information for L1 and L2 Australians: text-based and user-focused research
Authors: Peters Pam , Kruger Jan-Louis
Published: August 2021

The readability of online health information involves several factors in communication, including textual factors in verbal messaging and demographics relating to the readership, both of which impact on access to health information for first language (L1) and second language (L2) individuals in the Australian community. This research aims to identify the issues inherent in health texts as well as different readers’ comprehension of the information in them. The paper focuses first on the readability of sample health texts, and the extent to which difficult elements can be identified by the standard readability measures (Flesch-Kincaid, SMOG), as well as psycholinguistically informed measures of reading ease developed by Co-Matrix for general (L1) and L2 readers: TERA and Coh-Metrix L2. Coh-Metrix L2 points to linguistic factors that particularly challenge L2 readers of health information. A complementary study using eye-tracking was carried out to investigate the reading behaviours of 30 L1 and L2 participants seeking information from a health website. Statistically significant differences were found between L1 and L2 participants in their reading patterns, with L2 readers working more slowly and less reliably through online information. The findings highlight the need for health communicators to embrace the greater reading challenges for L2 users of the Internet.
Seeing and Tagging Things in Pictures
Authors: Hancher Michael
Published: August 2021

Despite modernist precepts, digital projects that use crowdsourcing to annotate large collections of images of paintings and book illustrations with “tags” have encouraged viewers to see things in pictures and to say what they see. Both personal image tagging (ekphrastic in function) and automatic image tagging challenge in different ways the proposition that a painting as such will elide recognizable content.
Jordan Peele’s Get Out and the Mediation of History
Authors: Parrish Susan Scott
Published: August 2021

In its attention to the undead state of American slavery, Jordan Peele’s film Get Out (2017) appears to fulfill Stephen Best’s diagnosis of a “melancholy historicism” in recent Black cultural production. But instead, the film draws viewers into a virtual experience—and potential analysis—of the roles of both technological and environmental media (from TV, film, and cellphones to housing, ceramics, and cotton) in perpetuating, or disrupting, Black captive kinship to a state of originary loss.
The complex regulation of NIS expression and activity in thyroid and extrathyroidal tissues
Authors: Riesco-Eizaguirre Garcilaso , Santisteban Pilar , De la Vieja Antonio
Published: August 2021

The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) is an intrinsic plasma membrane protein that mediates active iodide transport into the thyroid gland and into several extrathyroidal tissues. NIS-mediated iodide uptake plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, of which iodide is an essential constituent. For 80 years, radioiodide has been used for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer, a successful theranostic agent that is extending its use to extrathyroidal malignancies. The purpose of this review is to focus on the most recent findings regarding the mechanisms that regulate NIS both in thyroid and extra-thyroidal tissues. Among other issues, we discuss the different transcriptional regulatory elements that govern NIS transcription in different tissues, the epigenetic modifications that regulate its expression, and the role that miRNAs play in fine-tuning NIS after being transcribed. A review on how hormones, cytokines, and iodide itself regulate NIS is provided. We also review the present stage of understanding NIS dysregulation in cancer, occupied mainly by convergent signaling pathways and by new insights in the route that NIS follows through different subcellular compartments to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, we cover NIS distribution and function in the increasing number of extrathyroidal tissues that express the symporter, as well as the role that NIS plays in tumor progression independently of its transport activity.
Early bioinformatics research in China
Authors: Chen Runsheng
Published: August 2021

This article records the author’s experience in participating in the early human genome and bioinformatics research in China, especially the non‐coding sequence of the genome. It also introduced the beginning of human genome research in china, including the experts and teams involved in the International Human Genome Project. All the progress of bioinformatics originates from the inheritance of theoretical biology and the layout of philosophers in china.
Réparation des dommages pour violation de confiance et attentes légitimes : une analyse des systèmes juridiques Français et Colombien
Authors: Güechá Medina Ciro Nolberto , Güechá Torres Jessica Tatiana
Published: August 2021

PENDIENTE
Con el futuro que soñamos los neogranadinos: proposiciones de avance económico para una nueva realidad social (1778-1813)
Authors: Torrejano Vargas Rodrigo Hernán , Bocanegra Acosta Henry
Published: August 2021

PENDIENTE
Mapping Writing Development in Young Bilingual Learners
Authors: Hernández Ana , Lavadenz Magaly , YOUNG JESSEA
Published: August 2021

A growing interest in Two-Way Bilingual Immersion (TWBI) programs has led to increased attention to bilingualism, biliteracy, and biculturalism. This article describes the writing development in Spanish and English for 49 kindergarten students in a 50/50 Two-Way Bilingual Immersion program. Over the course of an academic year, the authors collected writing samples to analyze evidence of cross-linguistic resource sharing using a grounded theoretical approach to compare and contrast writing samples to determine patterns of cross-linguistic resource sharing in English and Spanish. The authors identified four patterns: phonological, syntactic, lexical, and metalinguistic awareness. Findings indicated that emergent writers applied similar strategies as older bilingual students, including lexical level code-switching, applied phonological rules of L1 to their respective L2s, and used experiential and content knowledge to write in their second language. These findings have instructional implications for both English Learners and native English speakers as well as for learning from students for program improvement.
Beyond the Seal of Biliteracy: The Development of a Bilingual Counseling Proficiency at the University Level
Authors: Estrada Fernando , Lavadenz Magaly , Paynter Meghan , Ruiz Roberto
Published: August 2021

In this article, the authors propose that California’s Seal of Biliteracy for high school seniors can serve as an exemplar to advocate for the continued development of bilingual skills in university, graduate-level students—and counseling students in particular. Citing literature that points to the need for linguistic diversity among counselors in school and community agencies, the authors describe the efforts taken by the Counseling Program in the School of Education at Loyola Marymount University (LMU) in partnership with LMU’s Center for Equity for English Learners to address the need. Their pilot of a Certificate of Bilingual Counseling in Fieldwork (CBC-F) involved the development and testing of proficiency rubrics that adhered to current standards for teaching foreign languages and simultaneously measured professional competencies in counseling. Results of the CBC-F pilot with five female Latina students in the counseling program at LMU in the spring of 2017 appeared promising and were described in detail. These findings have implications for preparing and certifying professionals in other fields with linguistic and cultural competencies in response to current demographic shifts.
On the basic chemical composition of selected biomass types from four regions of Mexico, for bioenergetic purposes
Authors: Gutiérrez-Acosta Julia Montzerrat , Orihuela-Equihua Rocio , Pintor-Ibarra Luis Fernando , González-Ortega Nicolás , Hernández-Solís Juan José , Ruíz-Aquino Faustino , Navarrete-García Manuel Alfonso , Rutiaga-Quiñones José Guadalupe
Published: August 2021

The chemical composition of hardwoods sawdust and citrus residues from four states of the Mexican Republic (Quintana Roo, Durango, Veracruz, and Sonora) were determined. The results ranged as follows: total extractives from 8.2% (Quercus spp.) to 35.0% (lime leaves), holocellulose from 45.4% (lime leaves) to 70.6% (Lysiloma latisiliquum), lignin from 3.9% (lemon peels) at 25.4% (Caesalpinia platyloba), ash from 0.4% (orange branches) to 6.3% (lemon peels), pH from 5.1 (Swartzia cubensis) to 7.3 (orange branches), and calorific value of 19.8 MJ/kg (Lysiloma latisiliquum and Quercus spp.) to 21.7 MJ/kg (Olneya tesota). With the exception of the oak samples, in all the biomass samples the extractives content is relatively high (10.1% for Lysiloma latisiliquum to 35% for Persian lime leaves), and could represent a potential for future study and applications in the field of antioxidants. Due to the chemical properties and calorific value, the biomass samples studied present potential for local use as densified biofuels (pellets or briquettes).
COVID-19 Vaccination–Associated Myocarditis in Adolescents
Authors: Jain Supriya S. , Steele Jeremy M. , Fonseca Brian , Huang Sihong , Shah Sanket , Maskatia Shiraz A. , Buddhe Sujatha , Misra Nilanjana , Ramachandran Preeti , Gaur Lasya , Eshtehardi Parham , Anwar Shafkat , Kaushik Neeru , Han Frank , Chaudhuri Nita Ray , Grosse-Wortmann Lars
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES

In this study, we aimed to characterize the clinical presentation, short-term prognosis, and myocardial tissue changes as noted on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) or cardiac MRI in pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination-associated myocarditis (C-VAM).

METHODS

In this retrospective multicenter study across 16 US hospitals, patients <21 years of age with a diagnosis of C-VAM were included and compared with a cohort with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Younger children with C-VAM were compared with older adolescents.

RESULTS

Sixty-three patients with a mean age of 15.6 years were included; 92% were male. All had received a messenger RNA vaccine and, except for one, presented after the second dose. Four patients had significant dysrhythmia; 14% had mild left ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography, which resolved on discharge; 88% met the diagnostic CMR Lake Louise criteria for myocarditis. Myocardial injury as evidenced by late gadolinium enhancement on CMR was more prevalent in comparison with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. None of the patients required inotropic, mechanical, or circulatory support. There were no deaths. Follow-up data obtained in 86% of patients at a mean of 35 days revealed resolution of symptoms, arrhythmias, and ventricular dysfunction.

CONCLUSIONS

Clinical characteristics and early outcomes are similar between the different pediatric age groups in C-VAM. The hospital course is mild, with quick clinical recovery and excellent short-term outcomes. Myocardial injury and edema are noted on CMR. Close follow-up and further studies are needed to understand the long-term implications and mechanism of these myocardial tissue changes.
Using Tasks as a Pre-reading Procedure to Enhance L2 Reading Comprehension of Narrative Texts
Authors: Cardozo Dionatan Bastos , Tomitch Lêda Maria Braga
Published: August 2021

Based on the assumption that preparing the reader before reading can foster reading comprehension, this research presents an empirical study in which the effects of pre-reading tasks on reading comprehension of narrative texts in English as a second language2 (L2) were investigated. Nine participants from a public high school took part in this investigation and to collect data, two Reading Comprehension Tests were fulfilled by participants right after reading each text. As stimuli, two narrative texts were selected. In the treatment condition, participants were exposed to the pre-reading tasks proposed by Willis and Willis (2011), which were adapted to fit the context of this research, prior to reading one of the narrative texts. In the control condition, the second text received a glossary at the end of the passage. The results provided evidence that pre-reading tasks are able to foster the reading comprehension of narrative texts in L2, since participants’ performance was higher in the treatment condition, endorsing previous research on reading. Furthermore, the results also go in line with Willis and Willis’ claim that pre-reading tasks are beneficial for reading comprehension of narrative texts.
Consciência textual
Authors: Chaves Jésura
Published: August 2021

Este artigo baseia-se em uma pesquisa que culminou em uma tese de doutorado sobre a relação entre compreensão leitora, consciência textual e escritura argumentativa, pautando-se especialmente em postulados psicolinguísticos.  Nesse sentido, buscou-se contribuir para o aprimoramento de práticas pedagógicas concernentes à leitura e à produção textual, considerando o importante papel que a consciência exerce nesse processo.  A pesquisa objetivou, primeiramente, verificar a correlação entre as variáveis em pauta; num segundo momento, propor estratégias pedagógicas que possam potencializar a compreensão leitora e a escritura de textos argumentativos por intermédio da consciência textual.  Nesse intuito, avaliou-se o desempenho de setenta e quatro alunos do primeiro, do segundo e do terceiro ano do ensino médio por meio de testes específicos.  Procedeu-se, então, à análise de correlação entre duas variáveis separadamente, em cada ano escolar, pelo cálculo do coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson (r).  Os resultados da pesquisa confirmaram a correlação entre as variáveis avaliadas, que se estabeleceram sob diferentes índices.  A partir da análise dos dados obtidos, que oferecem importantes indícios sobre o comportamento dos sujeitos, postulou-se sobre a necessidade de se estimular mais precocemente o raciocínio argumentativo nas escolas, com base em atividades de reflexão e de automonitoramento.
Relação entre a consciência sintática e a escrita da frase em estudantes de 1.º e 2.º anos do ensino fundamental
Authors: Scherer Ana Paula Rigatti , Maieron Caroline Secretti
Published: August 2021

A aprendizagem da escrita da frase nos anos iniciais é essencial para a posterior produção textual e desempenho acadêmico. Habilidades como a consciência sintática facilitam e auxiliam no processo de aprendizagem da escrita frasal e da leitura. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre consciência sintática e a escrita da frase de alunos de 1.º e 2.º anos de uma escola da rede pública de ensino, de acordo com as fases da escrita parcialmente alfabética e alfabética consolidada (EHRI, 2005) e sexo. Por meio do software Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) foi realizado teste de Mann-whitney para verificar a relação entre as variáveis. A partir dos resultados pode-se observar que quanto melhor o desempenho em consciência sintática, melhor a qualidade da frase dos alunos. Houve diferença significativa no desempenho da consciência sintática entre as fases da escrita; e não houve diferença entre os sexos.
Entrevista com o prof. Dr. Reinhard Werth
Authors: Klein Angela Inês , Limberger Bernardo
Published: August 2021

O prof. Dr. Reinhard Werth2 mostrou que a dislexia pode ter causas diferentes; portanto, a dislexia não é um transtorno único e independente. Werth desenvolveu métodos para diagnosticar as causas dos transtornos de leitura em cada criança ou adulto (WERTH, 2001; 2006; 2018; 2019; WERTH; BARNER, 2003-2018). Assim, Werth desenvolveu uma terapia compensatória voltada para cada causa específica. Quatro estudos independentes mostraram que essa terapia pode reduzir o número de erros de leitura em quase dois terços durante uma única sessão (WERTH, 2006; 2018; 2019; KLISCHE, 2007)
O guessing game e o texto literário
Authors: Lussani Brendom da Cunha , Carvalho Roberta Silveira
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo, através da leitura e análise de um participante, exemplificar como o jogo cognitivo de adivinhação, originalmente guessing game, de Goodman (1976), pode ser apresentado de forma concreta. Para este artigo, utilizou-se o conto O Homem da Favela, de Manuel Lobato, que apresenta uma narrativa que exige do leitor compreensão e atenção aos fatos narrados. O artigo está organizado de forma a apresentar a fundamentação teórica relacionado à leitura e à compreensão. Na sequência, é demonstrado por meio da leitura de um leitor, um caminho possível para o percurso de compreensão, estabelecendo conexões entre os traços linguísticos do texto e seus conhecimentos prévios. Por último, apresentam-se as considerações finais sobre a procedimento da leitura à luz da teoria utilizada.
De que modo as rimas em poemas infantis podem estimular crianças em fase de alfabetização em sua consciência fonológica e linguística?
Authors: Wolff Clarice Lehnen , Bastarrica Tâmis Görbing
Published: August 2021

O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar o efeito da rima contida em poemas infantis como desencadeadora de análise nos diferentes níveis de consciência linguística - fonológico, morfológico, sintático, semântico, textual e pragmático -, promovendo a ampliação de importantes noções acerca da linguagem para a aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita no processo de alfabetização. Os dados foram obtidos através de transcrições de oficinas de poesias realizadas em uma turma de primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental que foram analisadas qualitativamente. Os momentos de reflexão sobre o objeto do estudo foram identificados e categorizados em uma tabela. A partir da escolha dos comportamentos mais frequentes, foi possível reconhecer e elaborar um perfil das habilidades que necessitam de maior estímulo durante o período de alfabetização.
Descontinuidades entre aquisição da produção oral e aprendizagem da escrita
Authors: Scliar-Cabral Leonor
Published: August 2021

Desenvolvem-se as premissas para o processamento cognitivo na alfabetização para a escrita, demonstrando que não predominam as semelhanças entre o processamento da produção oral e o da escrita, havendo muitas descontinuidades. Para facilitar a argumentação, resumo em um quadro, as descontinuidades que demonstram muitas das dificuldades com as quais se defrontam as crianças para se tornarem redatores competentes. Assim, enquanto a aquisição da fala ocorre de forma espontânea e compulsória, para aprender a produzir um texto escrito, é necessário o ensino sistemático por professores muito bem preparados e materiais pedagógicos de qualidade, ambos fundamentadospelos avanços das ciências que se ocupam da linguagem verbal. Enquanto a comunicação oral canônica ocorre face a face, na comunicação escrita ocorre a ruptura espaço-temporal, determinando um custo cognitivo enorme, pois quem escreve deve dominar o distanciamento necessário para imaginar paraquem está escrevendo, quando e onde ele está para explicitar linguisticamente todas as informações que não estão à vista de quem vai ler o texto. Os limites da memória de trabalho, quando falamos, fazem com que as sentenças sejam breves e muito mais simples. O caráter de permanência do texto escrito possibilita a complexidade maior da sentença, com várias orações encaixadas, uso intensivo de anafóricos, inclusive lexicais. O contínuo da cadeia da fala oposto aos espaços em branco e aos contrastes entre as letras, na escrita é uma das grandes diferenças entre os dois sistemas, determinando uma das grandes dificuldades para quem está começando a aprender a escrever, inclusive porque o léxico mental fonológico da criança, muitas vezes discrepa em demasia das palavras escritas. Portanto é necessário trabalhar a nível consciente a conversão dos fonemas em seu respectivo grafema em uma dada palavra.