bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting intention of intimate partner violence screening among Thai nursing students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Udmuangpia Tipparat , Yu Mansoo , Bloom Tina Lee
Published: December 2022

Aim

Using the theory of planned behaviour, the aim of this study was to examine predictors of intention to screen patients for intimate partner violence among Thai nursing students.

Methods

We employed a cross‐sectional, anonymous online survey study with convenience sampling of senior nursing students from across Thailand in April 2019. We administered the Intimate Partner Violence Screening Intention, Nursing Students, a 36‐item tool, and analysed relationships between students' intentions and attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control towards intimate partner violence screening. PROCESS was used to test mediation analyses.

Results

OfN = 639 respondents. Most (90%) reported intention to screen patients for intimate partner violence. Approximately 41% reported having no intimate partner violence training in their nursing school. Results of the multiple logistic analysis showed that attitudes (OR: 8.5; 95% CI 1.2–4.6) and subjective norms (OR: 4.4; 95% CI 1.4–4.6) significantly predicted intention, whereas perceived behavioural control (OR: 1.7; 95% CI 0.5–4.9) did not. Moreover, attitudes and subjective norm significantly mediated the association between providing a screening tool at clinical sites, and intention.

Conclusions

Attitudes and subjective norms were significant predictors of intention of intimate partner violence screening. However, participants lacked adequate role models and training. Future research should improve the predictive power of the framework by integrating additional constructs such as the availability of screening tools, the presence of role models, to design and evaluate effective training and support for future nurses to address intimate partner violence in practice.

Impacts

It is time to seriously consider integrating intimate partner violence content and training into the Thai nursing curriculum, and address the policies, guidelines, and practice culture.

Patient or Public Contribution

The study was designed to examine predictors of intention to screen patients for intimate partner violence. Thai senior nursing students were contributed in the design and conduct of the study. However, the study did not include input from the public or the intended participants.
Mechanism of ASK1 involvement in liver diseases and related potential therapeutic targets: A critical pathway molecule worth investigating
Authors: Chen Qi , Guo Jiayu , Qiu Tao , Zhou Jiangqiao
Published: December 2022

Since the discovery of apoptosis signal‐regulated kinase 1 (ASK1), the signal transduction mechanism and pathophysiological process involved in its regulation have been continuously revealed. Many previous studies have identified that ASK1 is involved and plays a critical role in the development of diseases affecting the nervous, cardiac, renal, and other systems. As a mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase, ASK1 mediates apoptosis, necrosis, inflammation, and other pathological processes by activating its downstream c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 MAPK. Owing to the important role of ASK1, an increasing number of studies in recent years have focused on its status in liver‐related diseases. In this paper, we review the mechanisms and targets of ASK1 in liver‐related diseases to emphasize its important role in the development of liver disease.
The GATA transcription factor TaGATA1 recruits demethylase TaELF6‐A1 and enhances seed dormancy in wheat by directly regulating TaABI5
Authors: Wei Xuening , Li Yuyan , Zhu Xiuliang , Liu Xin , Ye Xingguo , Zhou Miaoping , Zhang Zengyan
Published: December 2022

Seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait in crops, and plants with low dormancy are prone to preharvest sprouting (PHS) under high‐temperature and humid conditions. In this study, we report that the GATA transcription factor TaGATA1 is a positive regulator of seed dormancy by regulating TaABI5 expression in wheat. Our results demonstrate that TaGATA1 overexpression significantly enhances seed dormancy and increases resistance to PHS in wheat. Gene expression patterns, abscisic acid (ABA) response assay, and transcriptome analysis all indicate that TaGATA1 functions through the ABA signaling pathway. The transcript abundance of TaABI5, an essential regulator in the ABA signaling pathway, is significantly elevated in plants overexpressing TaGATA1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) and transient expression analysis showed that TaGATA1 binds to the GATA motifs at the promoter of TaABI5 and induces its expression. We also demonstrate that TaGATA1 physically interacts with the putative demethylase TaELF6‐A1, the wheat orthologue of Arabidopsis ELF6. ChIP–qPCR analysis showed that H3K27me3 levels significantly decline at the TaABI5 promoter in the TaGATA1‐overexpression wheat line and that transient expression of TaELF6‐A1 reduces methylation levels at the TaABI5 promoter, increasing TaABI5 expression. These findings reveal a new transcription module, including TaGATA1–TaELF6‐A1–TaABI5, which contributes to seed dormancy through the ABA signaling pathway and epigenetic reprogramming at the target site. TaGATA1 could be a candidate gene for improving PHS resistance.
Global output on artificial intelligence in the field of nursing: A bibliometric analysis and science mapping
Authors: Shi Jiyuan , Wei Shuaifang , Gao Ya , Mei Fan , Tian Jinhui , Zhao Yang , Li Zheng
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To analyze the AI research in the field of nursing, to explore the current situation, hot topics, and prospects of AI research in the field of nursing, and to provide a reference for researchers to carry out related studies.

Methods

We used the VOSviewer 1.6.17, SciMAT, and CiteSpace 5.8.R3 to generate visual cooperation network maps for the country, organizations, authors, citations, and keywords and perform burst detection, theme evolution, and so forth.

Findings

A total of 9318 articles were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Four hundred and thirty‐one AI research related to the field of nursing was published by 855 institutions from 54 countries. CIN‐Computers Informatics Nursing was the top productive journal. The United States was the dominant country. The transnational cooperation between authors from developed countries was closer than that between authors from developing countries. The main hot topics included nurse rostering, nursing diagnosis, nursing decision support, disease risk factor prediction, nursing big data management, expert system, support vector machine, decision tree, deep learning, natural language processing, and nursing education. Machine learning represented one of the cutting‐edge and most applicable branches of artificial intelligence in the field of nursing, and deep learning was the hottest technology among many machine learning methods in recent years. One of the most cited papers was published by Burke in 2004 and cited 500 times, which critically evaluated AI methods to deal with nurse scheduling problems.

Conclusions

Although AI has been paid more and more attention to the field of nursing, there is still a lack of high‐yielding authors who have been engaged in this field for a long time. Most of the high contribution authors and institutions came from developed countries; therefore, more transnational and multi‐disciplinary cooperation is needed to promote the development of AI in the nursing field. This bibliometric analysis not only provided a comprehensive overview to help researchers to understand the important articles, journals, potential collaborators, and institutions in this field but also analyzed the history, hot spots, and future trends of the research topic to provide inspiration for researchers to choose research directions.
Testing to sustain hepatitis C elimination targets in people who inject drugs: A network‐based model
Authors: Siegele‐Brown Chloë , Siegele‐Brown Martin , Cook Charlotte , Khakoo Salim I. , Parkes Julie , Wright Mark , Buchanan Ryan M.
Published: December 2022

Little is known about the level of testing required to sustain elimination of hepatitis C (HCV), once achieved. In this study, we model the testing coverage required to maintain HCV elimination in an injecting network of people who inject drugs (PWID). We test the hypothesis that network‐based strategies are a superior approach to deliver testing. We created a dynamic injecting network structure connecting 689 PWID based on empirical data. The primary outcome was the testing coverage required per month to maintain prevalence at the elimination threshold over 5 years. We compared four testing strategies. Without any testing or treatment provision, the prevalence of HCV increased from the elimination threshold (11.68%) to a mean of 25.4% (SD 2.96%) over the 5‐year period. To maintain elimination with random testing, on average, 4.96% (SD 0.83%) of the injecting network needs to be tested per month. However, with a ‘bring your friends’ strategy, this was reduced to 3.79% (SD 0.64%) of the network (p < .001). The addition of contact tracing improved the efficiency of both strategies. In conclusion, we report that network‐based approaches to testing such as ‘bring a friend’ initiatives and contact tracing lower the level of testing coverage required to maintain elimination.
Phylogenomic inference and demographic model selection suggest peripatric separation of the cryptic steppe ant species Plagiolepis pyrenaica stat. rev.
Authors: Kirschner Philipp , Seifert Bernhard , Kröll Joelle ,   the STEPPE Consortium, Schlick‐Steiner Birgit C. , Steiner Florian M.
Published: December 2022

The ant Plagiolepis taurica Santschi, 1920 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) is a typical species of the Eurasian steppes, a large grassland dominated biome that stretches continuously from Central Asia to Eastern Europe and is represented by disjunct outposts also in Central and Western Europe. The extent of this biome has been influenced by the Pleistocene climate, and steppes expanded recurrently during cold stages and contracted in warm stages. Consequently, stenotopic steppe species such as P. taurica repeatedly went through periods of demographic expansion and severe isolation. Here, we explore the impact of these dynamics on the genetic diversification within P. taurica. Delimitation of P. taurica from other Plagiolepis species has been unclear since its initial description, which raised questions on both its classification and its spatiotemporal diversification early on. We re‐evaluate species limits and explore underlying mechanisms driving speciation by using an integrative approach based on genomic and morphometric data. We found large intraspecific divergence within P. taurica and resolved geographically coherent western and eastern genetic groups, which likewise differed morphologically. A morphometric survey of type material showed that Plagiolepis from the western group were more similar to P. barbara pyrenaica Emery, 1921 than to P. taurica; we thus lift the former from synonymy and establish it as separate species, P. pyrenaica stat. rev. Explicit evolutionary model testing based on genomic data supported a peripatric speciation for the species pair, probably as a consequence of steppe contraction and isolation during the mid‐Pleistocene. We speculate that this scenario could be exemplary for many stenotopic steppe species, given the emphasized dynamics of Eurasian steppes.
A divergent RWP‐RK transcription factor determines mating type in heterothallic Closterium
Authors: Sekimoto Hiroyuki , Komiya Ayumi , Tsuyuki Natsumi , Kawai Junko , Kanda Naho , Ootsuki Ryo , Suzuki Yutaka , Toyoda Atsushi , Fujiyama Asao , Kasahara Masahiro , Abe Jun , Tsuchikane Yuki , Nishiyama Tomoaki
Published: December 2022

The Closterium peracerosum–strigosum–littorale complex (Closterium, Zygnematophyceae) has an isogamous mating system. Members of the Zygnematophyceae are the closest relatives to extant land plants and are distantly related to chlorophytic models, for which a genetic basis of mating type (MT) determination has been reported. We thus investigated MT determination in Closterium.

We sequenced genomes representing the two MTs, mt+ and mt−, in Closterium and identified CpMinus1, a gene linked to the mt− phenotype. We analyzed its function using reverse genetics methods.

CpMinus1 encodes a divergent RWP‐RK domain‐containing‐like transcription factor and is specifically expressed during gamete differentiation. Introduction of CpMinus1 into an mt+ strain was sufficient to convert it to a phenotypically mt− strain, while CpMinus1‐knockout mt− strains were phenotypically mt+.

We propose that CpMinus1 is the major MT determinant that acts by evoking the mt− phenotype and suppressing the mt+ phenotype in heterothallic Closterium. CpMinus1 likely evolved independently in the Zygnematophyceae lineage, which lost an egg–sperm anisogamous mating system. mt− specific regions possibly constitute an MT locus flanked by common sequences that undergo some recombination.
Natural variation in Avr3D1 from Zymoseptoria sp. contributes to quantitative gene‐for‐gene resistance and to host specificity
Authors: Meile Lukas , Garrido‐Arandia María , Bernasconi Zoe , Peter Jules , Schneller Alissa , Bernasconi Alessio , Alassimone Julien , McDonald Bruce A. , Sánchez‐Vallet Andrea
Published: December 2022

Successful host colonization by plant pathogens requires the circumvention of host defense responses, frequently through sequence modifications in secreted pathogen proteins known as avirulence factors (Avrs). Although Avr sequences are often polymorphic, the contribution of these polymorphisms to virulence diversity in natural pathogen populations remains largely unexplored.

We used molecular genetic tools to determine how natural sequence polymorphisms of the avirulence factor Avr3D1 in the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici contributed to adaptive changes in virulence.

We showed that there is a continuous distribution in the magnitude of resistance triggered by different Avr3D1 isoforms and demonstrated that natural variation in an Avr gene can lead to a quantitative resistance phenotype. We further showed that homologues of Avr3D1 in two nonpathogenic sister species of Z. tritici are recognized by some wheat cultivars, suggesting that Avr‐R gene‐for‐gene interactions can contribute to nonhost resistance.

We suggest that the mechanisms underlying host range, qualitative resistance, and quantitative resistance are not exclusive.
Distribution of energy intake across the day and weight loss: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Young Isabel E. , Poobalan Amudha , Steinbeck Katharine , O'Connor Helen T. , Parker Helen M.
Published: December 2022

Consuming a greater proportion of total energy intake earlier in the day rather than in the evening is proposed to positively influence weight loss and health, potentially due to greater synchronization of human body circadian rhythms. This systematic review provides an update on existing evidence regarding earlier distributed eating patterns in weight loss interventions. Using a robust search strategy in five electronic databases, nine randomized controlled trials investigating the impact of energy intake distribution on weight loss were identified. Following critical appraisal, a random‐effects meta‐analyses found that, in the context of an energy‐reduced diet, distributing energy intake with a focus on earlier intake resulted in significantly greater weight loss (−1.23 kg; 95% CI 2.40, −0.06, p = 0.04). Improvements in HOMA‐IR, fasting glucose, and LDL cholesterol were also seen. The current study provides a timely update on the evidence linking distribution of total daily energy intake and health, showing that a focus on earlier intakes can result in greater short‐term weight loss compared with later intakes. Future studies are needed to elucidate the impact that earlier intakes may have on weight management and metabolic health.
North Korea's Aid to Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis*
Authors: Kim Sangbum
Published: December 2022

This study seeks to explain why North Korea provided aid to Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis. It considers the background to the decision to provide support to Havana, the form that such support took, and its significance. The reason why North Korea fully supported Cuba was that they shared a common enemy and historical and institutional background, such as experiences of colonialism, revolution, war, division, and anti‐American struggle. Cuba was also the first socialist country in the region. North Korea judged the revolutionary potential of Latin America and its value as highly useful for a unification of the Korean Peninsula led by North Korea. North Korea issued the first government statement that politically supported Cuba and ordered North Korean students, embassy officials and their families in Cuba to participate in combat. North Korea provided economic and military supplies through production increase movements as well as technical support in the heavy industry. The North Korea–Cuba Committee for Solidarity was established to oversee projects for friendly cooperation and to strengthen ties between their future generations of revolutionaries. North Korea's aid to Cuba played a critical role in declaring themselves as a de facto country by completely integrating their national interests.
Cluneal neuropathy: Background, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Desai Mehul J. , Nepaul Sargoon
Published: December 2022

Background and aims

Cluneal neuropathy is encompassed by three distinct clinical entities. Superior, middle, and inferior cluneal neuralgia make up the constellation of symptoms associated with cluneal neuropathy. Each has its own variable anatomy.

Materials and methods

We compiled a narrative review including a review of available literature. We conducted searches on PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Google Scholar on the topics of cluneal neuropathy and treatment therein.

Results

We collected source articles regarding original descriptions of the disease entities in addition to articles focused on treatment.

Discussion

Adjusted incidence rates of superior cluneal neuropathy are 1.6%–11.7%. Accurate diagnosis remains challenging due to the lack of standardized criteria and the aforementioned variability. Treatment may include therapeutic nerve blocks, ablative techniques, neuromodulation, and surgical decompression. Gaps including those related to true incidence and work up exist. Outcomes from interventional studies are limited and mixed due to significant population heterogeneity and non‐standardized treatment approaches coupled with very small sample sizes.
Physiological implications of SWEETs in plants and their potential applications in improving source–sink relationships for enhanced yield
Authors: Singh Jitender , Das Shubhashis , Jagadis Gupta Kapuganti , Ranjan Aashish , Foyer Christine H. , Thakur Jitendra Kumar
Published: December 2022

The sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET) family of transporters in plants is identified as a novel class of sugar carriers capable of transporting sugars, sugar alcohols and hormones. Functioning in intercellular sugar transport, SWEETs influence a wide range of physiologically important processes. SWEETs regulate the development of sink organs by providing nutritional support from source leaves, responses to abiotic stresses by maintaining intracellular sugar concentrations, and host–pathogen interactions through the modulation of apoplastic sugar levels. Many bacterial and fungal pathogens activate the expression of SWEET genes in species such as rice and Arabidopsis to gain access to the nutrients that support virulence. The genetic manipulation of SWEETs has led to the generation of bacterial blight (BB)‐resistant rice varieties. Similarly, while the overexpression of the SWEETs involved in sucrose export from leaves and pathogenesis led to growth retardation and yield penalties, plants overexpressing SWEETs show improved disease resistance. Such findings demonstrate the complex functions of SWEETs in growth and stress tolerance. Here, we review the importance of SWEETs in plant–pathogen and source–sink interactions and abiotic stress resistance. We highlight the possible applications of SWEETs in crop improvement programmes aimed at improving sink and source strengths important for enhancing the sustainability of yield. We discuss how the adverse effects of the overexpression of SWEETs on plant growth may be overcome.
Transgene insertion into the plastid genome alters expression of adjacent native chloroplast genes at the transcriptional and translational levels
Authors: Ghandour Rabea , Gao Yang , Laskowski Josephin , Barahimipour Rouhollah , Ruf Stephanie , Bock Ralph , Zoschke Reimo
Published: December 2022

In plant biotechnology and basic research, chloroplasts have been used as chassis for the expression of various transgenes. However, potential unintended side effects of transgene insertion and high‐level transgene expression on the expression of native chloroplast genes are often ignored and have not been studied comprehensively. Here, we examined expression of the chloroplast genome at both the transcriptional and translational levels in five transplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines carrying the identical aadA resistance marker cassette in diverse genomic positions. Although none of the lines exhibits a pronounced visible phenotype, the analysis of three lines that contain the aadA insertion in different locations within the petL‐petG‐psaJ‐rpl33‐rps18 transcription unit demonstrates that transcriptional read‐through from the aadA resistance marker is unavoidable, and regularly causes overexpression of downstream sense‐oriented chloroplast genes at the transcriptional and translational levels. Investigation of additional lines that harbour the aadA intergenically and outside of chloroplast transcription units revealed that expression of the resistance marker can also cause antisense effects by interference with transcription/transcript accumulation and/or translation of downstream antisense‐oriented genes. In addition, we provide evidence for a previously suggested role of genomically encoded tRNAs in chloroplast transcription termination and/or transcript processing. Together, our data uncover principles of neighbouring effects of chloroplast transgenes and suggest general strategies for the choice of transgene insertion sites and expression elements to minimize unintended consequences of transgene expression on the transcription and translation of native chloroplast genes.
Algorithmic Fairness and Statistical Discrimination
Authors: Patty John W. , Penn Elizabeth Maggie
Published: December 2022

Algorithmic fairness is a new interdisciplinary field of study focused on how to measure whether a process, or algorithm, may unintentionally produce unfair outcomes, as well as whether or how the potential unfairness of such processes can be mitigated. Statistical discrimination describes a set of informational issues that can induce rational (i.e., Bayesian) decision‐making to lead to unfair outcomes even in the absence of discriminatory intent. In this article, we provide overviews of these two related literatures and draw connections between them. The comparison illustrates both the conflict between rationality and fairness and the importance of endogeneity (e.g., “rational expectations” and “self‐fulfilling prophecies”) in defining and pursuing fairness. Taken in concert, we argue that the two traditions suggest a value for considering new fairness notions that explicitly account for how the individual characteristics an algorithm intends to measure may change in response to the algorithm.
Field Study and Evaluation of KrCl* Far UV‐C Device Capability for Inactivation of Phi6 Bacteriophage
Authors: Seyedi Saba , Ma Ben , Groves Megan , King Hal , Linden Karl G.
Published: December 2022

“Far UV‐C” is an effective disinfection method that can be deployed in occupied areas. Commercially available Krypton Chloride (KrCl*) excimer lamps filtered to emit at 222 nm are effective in disinfecting pathogens and safe for human exposure up to an allowable threshold exposure, which is much longer than for conventional UV lamps emitting at 254 nm. Laboratory and controlled field testing of a filtered KrCl* excimer lamp for disinfection of a virus suspended in a thin film aqueous solution in an occupied office setting was conducted. Complete inactivation of almost 6 log (99.9999%) of Phi6 bacteriophage virus was achieved in ~20 min of exposure time in a field setting, equivalent to a dose of about 10 mJ cm−2. The Phi6 inactivation rate constant for the field test results were not statistically different from laboratory values (P > 0.05, paired t‐test). When positioned at 1 m distance from possible human exposure, this device can be used safely for almost 4.5 h of continuous direct exposure without any acute or long‐term adverse health effects. This study illustrates the applicability and deployment of Far UV‐C for pathogen reduction and can help in decision making for implementation of Far UV‐C for disinfection in human‐occupied environments.
Does fire drive fatty acid composition in seed coats of physically dormant species?
Authors: McInnes S. J. , Tangney R. , Brophy J. J. , Thordarson P. , Ooi M. K. J.
Published: December 2022

Seed dormancy is the key driver regulating seed germination, hence is fundamental to the seedling recruitment life‐history stage and population persistence. However, despite the importance of physical dormancy (PY) in timing post‐fire germination, the mechanism driving dormancy‐break within seed coats remains surprisingly unclear. We suggest that seed coat chemistry may play an important role in controlling dormancy in species with PY. In particular, seed coat fatty acids (FAs) are hydrophobic, and have melting points within the range of seed dormancy‐breaking temperatures. Furthermore, melting points of saturated FAs increase with increasing carbon chain length. We investigated whether fire could influence seed coat FA profiles and discuss their potential influence on dormancy mechanisms.

Seed coat FAs of 25 species within the Faboideae, from fire‐prone and fire‐free ecosystems, were identified and quantified through GC–MS. Fatty acid profiles were interpreted in the context of species habitat and interspecific variation.

Fatty acid compositions were distinct between species from fire‐prone and fire‐free habitats. Fire‐prone species tended to have longer saturated FA chains, a lower ratio of saturated to unsaturated FA, and a slightly higher relative amount of FAs compared to fire‐free species.

The specific FA composition of seed coats of fire‐prone species indicated a potential role of FAs in dormancy mechanisms. Overall, the distinct FA composition between fire‐prone and fire‐free species suggests that chemistry of the seed coat may be under selection pressure in fire‐prone ecosystems.
Dissociable feedback valence effects on frontal midline theta during reward gain versus threat avoidance learning
Authors: Stolz Christopher , Pickering Alan D. , Mueller Erik M.
Published: December 2022

While frontal midline theta (FMθ) has been associated with threat processing, with cognitive control in the context of anxiety, and with reinforcement learning, most reinforcement learning studies on FMθ have used reward rather than threat‐related stimuli as reinforcer. Accordingly, the role of FMθ in threat‐related reinforcement learning is largely unknown. Here, n = 23 human participants underwent one reward‐, and one punishment‐, based reversal learning task, which differed only with regard to the kind of reinforcers that feedback was tied to (i.e., monetary gain vs. loud noise burst, respectively). In addition to single‐trial EEG, we assessed single‐trial feedback expectations based on both a reinforcement learning computational model and trial‐by‐trial subjective feedback expectation ratings. While participants' performance and feedback expectations were comparable between the reward and punishment tasks, FMθ was more reliably amplified to negative vs. positive feedback in the reward vs. punishment task. Regressions with feedback valence, computationally derived, and self‐reported expectations as predictors and FMθ as criterion further revealed that trial‐by‐trial variations in FMθ specifically relate to reward‐related feedback‐valence and not to threat‐related feedback or to violated expectations/prediction errors. These findings suggest that FMθ as measured in reinforcement learning tasks may be less sensitive to the processing of events with direct relevance for fear and anxiety.
Seminal plasma lipid profiles of differential cryotolerance of semen in Mediterranean Buffalo bulls
Authors: Luo Xi , Ren Xuan , Huang Shihai , Li Yanfang , Xue Qingsong , Shi Deshun , Li Xiangping
Published: December 2022

The cryotolerance of semen obtained from Mediterranean buffalo bulls usually is more likely to deteriorate during the summer. To obtain the optimal sperm for fertility, the physiological status and reproductive performance of Mediterranean buffalo bulls in the summer and spring were first analysed by assessing blood serum and seminal plasma samples; then, the lipid profiles of seminal plasma were investigated by LC–MS/MS. The T, T3 and SOD levels of serum and seminal plasma in the spring were significantly higher than in the summer (p < .05). The results suggest that T3 level is positively correlated with semen cryotolerance; sphingolipids are potential markers for semen cryotolerance of Mediterranean buffalo. To our knowledge, this is the first report of targeted lipidomics in semen cryotolerance.
The 2D magnetohydrodynamic system with Euler‐like velocity equation and partial magnetic diffusion
Authors: Chen Tiantian , Lin Hongxia , Wu Jiahong
Published: December 2022

When the velocity equation of the incompressible 2D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system is inviscid, the global well‐posedness and stability problem in the whole space case remains an extremely challenging open problem. Broadman, Lin, and Wu (SIAM J. Math. Anal. 52(5) (2020): 5001‐5035) were able to establish the global well‐posedness and stability near a background magnetic field when there is damping in one velocity component. Their work exploited the stabilizing effect of the background magnetic field. This paper presents new progress. We are able to prove the global well‐posedness and stability even when the magnetic diffusion is degenerate and only in the vertical direction. The velocity equation is still inviscid and has damping only in the vertical component. The proof of this new result overcomes two main difficulties, the potential rapid growth of the velocity due to the lack of dissipation or horizontal damping and the control of nonlinearity associated with the magnetic field. By discovering the key hidden smoothing effects and incorporating them in the construction of a two‐layered energy function, we are able to obtain uniform bounds on the solution in the H3‐norm when the initial perturbation is near the background magnetic field. In addition, we prove that certain Lebesgue and Sobolev norms of the solution approach zero as time approaches infinity.
Multidimensional factors determine skill acquisition development in Guided Self‐Determination: A qualitative study
Authors: Dehn Pernille , Munch Simonsen Susan , Olesen Mette Linnet
Published: December 2022

Aim

The aim of the study was to investigate nurses' skill acquisition in Guided Self‐Determination according to the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition and Patricia Benner's studies based on the same model.

Background

Globally, person‐centred care is acknowledged as an essential aspect of quality in health care. To succeed with person‐centred care methods and skills are necessary. Guided Self‐Determination is a person‐centred method developed in the field of nursing. The method represents a new way of skill acquisition requiring knowledge of how skills are acquired, unfolded and best supported in Guided Self‐Determination.

Design

Qualitative interview study.

Method

From January 2019 to August 2019, 16 nurses were interviewed about their experiences of learning and using Guided Self‐Determination in three different gynaecological settings: cancer, endometriosis and sexual abuse. The study was registered with the Danish Data Protection Agency (file no.: VD‐2018‐445, I‐Suite no.: 6700).

Results

The spectrum in Guided Self‐Determination acquisition skills ranged from following schematical procedures in a rigorous way to an extended understanding of exploring and supporting the person‐centred concept. Two main themes were identified: Elements in the transition of knowledge from theory to practice and Aspects associated with Guided Self‐Determination skill acquisition.

Conclusions

Nurses practised Guided Self‐Determination at different levels. Quantity of practising Guided Self‐Determination was not the only aspect determining rapid progression. The Dreyfus model lacked several explanatory components of skill acquisition, such as personal dispositions, preferences, motivation, personal values and context.
A 163‐bp insertion in the Capana10g000198 encoding a MYB transcription factor causes male sterility in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Dong Jichi , Hu Fang , Guan Wendong , Yuan Fanchong , Lai Zepei , Zhong Jian , Liu Jia , Wu Zhiming , Cheng Jiaowen , Hu Kailin
Published: December 2022

Male sterility provides an efficient approach for commercial exploitation of heterosis. Despite more than 20 genic male sterile (GMS) mutants documented in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), only two causal genes have been successfully identified. Here, a novel spontaneous recessive GMS mutant, designated msc‐3, is identified and characterized at both phenotypic and histological levels. Pollen abortion of msc‐3 mutant may be due to the delayed tapetum degradation, leading to the non‐degeneration of tetrads callosic wall. Then, a modified MutMap method and molecular marker linkage analysis were employed to fine mapping the msc‐3 locus, which was delimited to the ~139.91‐kb region harboring 10 annotated genes. Gene expression and structure variation analyses indicate the Capana10g000198, encoding a R2R3‐MYB transcription factor, is the best candidate gene for the msc‐3 locus. Expression profiling analysis shows the Capana10g000198 is an anther‐specific gene, and a 163‐bp insertion in the Capana10g000198 is highly correlated with the male sterile (MS) phenotype. Additionally, downregulation of Capana10g000198 in male fertile plants through virus‐induced gene silencing resulted in male sterility. Finally, possible regulatory relationships of the msc‐3 gene with the other two reported pepper GMS genes, msc‐1 and msc‐2, have been studied, and comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the expression of 16 GMS homologs are significantly downregulated in the MS anthers. Overall, our results reveal that Capana10g000198 is the causal gene underlying the msc‐3 locus, providing important theoretical clues and basis for further in‐depth study on the regulatory mechanisms of pollen development in pepper.
MicroRNAs balance growth and salt stress responses in sweet sorghum
Authors: Sun Xi , Zheng Hong‐Xiang , Li Simin , Gao Yinping , Dang Yingying , Chen Zengting , Wu Fenghui , Wang Xuemei , Xie Qi , Sui Na
Published: December 2022

Salt stress is one of the major causes of reduced crop production, limiting agricultural development globally. Plants have evolved with complex systems to maintain the balance between growth and stress responses, where signaling pathways such as hormone signaling play key roles. Recent studies revealed that hormones are modulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). Previously, two sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) inbred lines with different salt tolerance were identified: the salt‐tolerant M‐81E and the salt‐sensitive Roma. The levels of endogenous hormones in M‐81E and Roma varied differently under salt stress, showing a different balance between growth and stress responses. miRNA and degradome sequencing showed that the expression of many upstream transcription factors regulating signal transduction and hormone‐responsive genes was directly induced by differentially expressed miRNAs, whose levels were very different between the two sweet sorghum lines. Furthermore, the effects of representative miRNAs on salt tolerance in sorghum were verified through a transformation system mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Also, miR‐6225‐5p reduced the level of Ca2+ in the miR‐6225‐5p‐overexpressing line by inhibiting the expression of the Ca2+ uptake gene SbGLR3.1 in the root epidermis and affected salt tolerance in sorghum. This study provides evidence for miRNA‐mediated growth and stress responses in sweet sorghum.
Early detection of late blight in potato by whole‐plant redox imaging
Authors: Hipsch Matanel , Michael Yaron , Lampl Nardy , Sapir Omer , Cohen Yigal , Helman David , Rosenwasser Shilo
Published: December 2022

Late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a most devastating disease of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Its early detection is crucial for suppressing disease spread. Necrotic lesions are normally seen in leaves at 4 days post‐inoculation (dpi) when colonized cells are dead, but early detection of the initial biotrophic growth stage, when the pathogen feeds on living cells, is challenging. Here, the biotrophic growth phase of P. infestans was detected by whole‐plant redox imaging of potato plants expressing chloroplast‐targeted reduction–oxidation sensitive green fluorescent protein (chl‐roGFP2). Clear spots on potato leaves with a lower chl‐roGFP2 oxidation state were detected as early as 2 dpi, before any visual symptoms were recorded. These spots were particularly evident during light‐to‐dark transitions, and reflected the mislocalization of chl‐roGFP2 outside the chloroplasts. Image analysis based on machine learning enabled systematic identification and quantification of spots, and unbiased classification of infected and uninfected leaves in inoculated plants. Comparing redox with chlorophyll fluorescence imaging showed that infected leaf areas that exhibit mislocalized chl‐roGFP2 also showed reduced non‐photochemical quenching and enhanced quantum PSII yield (ΦPSII) compared with the surrounding leaf areas. The data suggest that mislocalization of chloroplast‐targeted proteins is an efficient marker of late blight infection, and demonstrate how it can be utilized for non‐destructive monitoring of the disease biotrophic stage using whole‐plant redox imaging.
Iberian wild leporidae as hosts of zoonotic enteroparasites in Mediterranean ecosystems of Southern Spain
Authors: Rego Laura , Castro‐Scholten Sabrina , Cano Carmen , Jiménez‐Martín Débora , Köster Pamela C. , Caballero‐Gómez Javier , Bailo Begoña , Dashti Alejandro , Hernández‐Castro Carolina , Cano‐Terriza David , Vioque Fátima , Maloney Jenny G. , Santín Mónica , García‐Bocanegra Ignacio , Carmena David , González‐Barrio David
Published: December 2022

Wild lagomorphs including rabbits and hares can act as natural carriers or reservoirs of bacterial and parasitic zoonotic diseases. However, little is known on the epidemiology and potential public health significance of intestinal eukaryotes in wild leporids. We examined faecal samples from European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus, n = 438) and Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis, n = 111) collected in the Autonomous Region of Andalusia in southern Spain during 2012–2021. We searched for the presence of DNA from the main intestinal protist and microsporidial pathogens of veterinary and public health concerns using molecular methods (PCR followed by Sanger and next‐generation sequencing). Giardia duodenalis was the most prevalent species found (27.8%, 153/550; 95% CI: 24.1–31.8), followed by Cryptosporidium spp. (1.3%, 7/550; 95% CI: 0.5–2.6), Blastocystis sp. (1.1%, 6/550; 95% CI: 0.4–2.4) and Encephalitozoon intestinalis (0.2%, 1/550; 95% CI: 0.0–10.1). All samples tested negative for Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of sub‐assemblage BIV (n = 1) within G. duodenalis, and Cryptosporidium cuniculus (n = 6) and Cryptosporidium andersoni (n = 1) within Cryptosporidium. The presence of ruminant‐adapted C. andersoni is indicative of a potential cross‐species transmission event, although a spurious infection (mechanical carriage) cannot be ruled out. Samples assigned to C. cuniculus belonged to the gp60 subtype families Va (n = 3) and Vb (n = 2). The six Blastocystis‐positive samples were identified as ST2 (n = 3) and ST1 + ST2 (n = 3). Our molecular results suggest that wild rabbits and hares were primarily infected by leporid‐adapted species of eukaryotic pathogens. However, the occasional findings of zoonotic G. duodenalis sub‐assemblage BIV, Blastocystis sp. ST1 and ST2, and Encephalitozoon intestinalis could be of public health relevance.
The Content Validity of Online Arabic Language Course For Blended/ Kesahan Kandungan Kursus Bahasa Arab Dalam talian Untuk Pembelajaran Teradun Learning
Authors: Amiruddin Ahmad Zaki , Ab Halim Zulazhan , Zainuddin Nurkhamimi
Published: December 2022

Blended learning, defined as a combination of traditional face-to-face learning with technology based or online learning, has become one of the most popular approaches for teaching and learning (TnL) nowadays. This study by following the design and development research (DDR) approach highlights the content validity process in the development phase, which is one of the phases of the four phases of the DDR approach. The validation process involved six panels selected from among experts and instructors to evaluate the online content of Arabic blended learning course uploaded to the Moodle platform using the content validity index (CVI). The findings that were based on the content validity index from certain domains indicated that the developed online content was acceptable and validated with some suggestions for improvement by the selected panels. Once revisions were amended, the online platform can be opened to real users among students and instructors for the next phase; phases of implementation and evaluation. Through this study, it can be understood that the content validity process can be done in various methods, and among the alternatives, using content validity index, apart from other more complex and commonly used techniques such as; Fuzzy-Delphi Model, Group Nominal Technique and others. It is hoped that this study will be a future reference and alternative for researchers who are interested in exploring more about the validity content methods in particular and the design and development research in general.
The influence of alcohol on genioglossus single motor units in men and women during wakefulness
Authors: Avraam Joanne , Dawson Andrew , Nicholas Christian L. , Fridgant Monika D. , Fan Feiven Lee , Kay Amanda , Koay Zi Yi , Greig Rachel , O'Donoghue Fergal J. , Trinder John , Jordan Amy S.
Published: December 2022

Alcohol worsens obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This effect is thought to be due to alcohol's depressant effect on upper airway dilator muscles such as the genioglossus, but how alcohol reduces genioglossal activity is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alcohol consumption on genioglossus muscle single motor units (MUs). Sixteen healthy individuals were studied on two occasions (alcohol: breath alcohol concentration ∼0.07% and placebo). They were instrumented with a nasal mask, four intramuscular genioglossal EMG electrodes, and an ear oximeter. They were exposed to 8–12 hypoxia trials (45–60 s of 10% O2 followed by one breath of 100% O2) while awake. MUs were sorted according to their firing patterns and quantified during baseline, hypoxia and recovery. For the alcohol and placebo conditions, global muscle activity (mean ± SD peak inspiratory EMG = 119.3 ± 44.1 and 126.5 ± 51.9 μV, respectively, P = 0.53) and total number of MUs recorded at baseline (68 and 67, respectively) were similar. Likewise, the peak discharge frequency did not differ between conditions (21.2 ± 4.28 vs. 22.4 ± 4.08 Hz, P = 0.09). There was no difference between conditions in the number (101 vs. 88, respectively) and distribution of MU classes during hypoxia, and afterdischarge duration was also similar. In this study, alcohol had a very minor effect on genioglossal activity and afterdischarge in these otherwise healthy young individuals studied while awake. If similar effects are observed during sleep, it would suggest that the worsening of OSA following alcohol may be related to increased upper airway resistance/nasal congestion or arousal threshold changes.
Task-Oriented Methodology Combining Human Manual Gestures and Robotic Grasp Stability Analyses: Application to the Specification of Dexterous Robotic Grippers
Authors: Escorcia-Hernandez Jonatan Martin , Grossard Mathieu , Gosselin Florian
Published: December 2022

The objective of this article is to present a comprehensive task analysis methodology that can provide guidelines for the design of dexterous robotic grippers that are versatile enough to perform various tasks, yet simple to manufacture. This methodology combines a human-centered gestures analysis and an object-centered grasp stability analysis. The former relies on a careful examination of a human operator’s hands gestures while performing a specific process, providing designers with tools that help specify the number of fingers, the number of degrees-of-freedom, and the placement of tactile sensors. The latter exploits a grasp quality metric to compute the efforts required to handle the involved objects, providing guidelines for the specification of the actuation system. Using observations of operators at work as a source of inspiration allows guarantying the ability to perform the considered tasks (with guaranteed stability, thanks to the grasp analysis), contrary to technologically driven optimization methodologies, which often sacrifice manipulation capabilities for the sake of simplicity. Yet, our task-oriented approach allows focusing on certain tasks, hence simpler solutions than bio-mimetic designs that try to fully mimic the human hand. In other words, the methodology introduced in this article intends to help specify multi-fingered architectures able to maintain a high degree of dexterity with a reduced kinematic complexity, favoring the best possible compromise between grasp capabilities and design complexity. This approach is exemplified by defining technical specifications for the design of a multi-fingered robotic gripper intended to perform the tasks involved in a sterility testing process.
Automatic Facial Expression Analysis as a Measure of User-Designer Empathy
Authors: Salmi Aleksi , Li Jie , Holtta-Otto Katja
Published: December 2022

In human-centered product design and development, understanding the users is essential. Empathizing with the user can help designers gain deeper insights into the user experience and their needs. However, a few studies have captured empathy real time during user interactions. Accordingly, the degree to which empathy occurs and enhances user understanding remains unclear. To narrow this gap, a study was performed exploring the use of video-based facial expression analysis during user interviews, as a means to capture empathy related to understanding vehicle driving experiences under challenging conditions. Mimicry and synchrony have been shown to be predictors of empathy in cognitive psychology. In this study, we adapted this method to study 46 user-designer interviews. The results show that the user and designer exhibited mimicry in their facial expressions, which thereby indicated that affective empathy can be captured via simple video facial recognition. However, we found that the user's facial expressions might not represent their actual emotional tone, which can mislead the designer, and they achieve false empathy. Further, we did not find a link between the observed mimicry of facial expressions and the understanding of mental contents, which indicated that the affective and some cognitive parts of user empathy may not be directly connected. Further studies are needed to understand how facial expression analysis can further be used to study and advance empathic design.