bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attitudes to healthy eating among Scottish school children
Authors: Seaman Claire , Woods Maggie , Grosset Elizabeth
Published: July 2002

A questionnaire survey of 157 school children living in three different regions in Scotland was carried out, to identify differences in attitudes to healthy eating. School children aged 11‐13 were asked a series of questions to establish how important they felt a healthy diet to be and what they thought made up a healthy diet. Discusses ways in which healthy eating could be approached in schools, to achieve improvements in diet and health at a local level, with suggestions for further research.
Peer education in practice
Authors: Harrin Elizabeth
Published: July 2002

Describes the beginnings of the Peer Education Project in West Sussex. Looks at the aims of the project, the training given in sexual health and substance misuse to the young people involved and their subsequent work in the community. Notes the benefits to the individuals themselves and to their peers. Notes negative effects for the author on a personal level. Suggests a possible future for the project and for the use of peer education generally.
Parents in partnership on drug education
Authors: Finnigan Sue , Paxton Roger , Haddow Mel
Published: July 2002

Describes the Northumberland Drug Education Project, a partnership between health and education, which uses local needs assessment and evaluation, and provides training and support for teachers to enhance existing drug education in middle schools. We have found that the children we work with (aged 9‐10) wish to be able to talk to their parents about drugs issues, but are unsure of the reaction they will receive. We have therefore given increasing attention to parents, who we believe are underused in drug education. We assess their needs and concerns, and arrange participative meetings in which we tell them about our active approach to working with their children, based on healthy choices. In addition, we give them information on drug issues and, most importantly, we work with them to consider ways in which parents can make a difference. Our sessions with parents are well liked. They result in parents having improved knowledge and confidence, and intentions to develop more open communication with their children. One of our main aims now is to involve more parents.
The Bodycare ‐ Getting Kids Active scheme
Authors: Palframan Steve
Published: July 2002

Describes the Bodycare ‐ Getting Kids Active scheme developed by St Edmundsbury Borough Council in response to the findings of a local children’s fitness survey, and which is now in its third year of operation. The scheme visits every primary and middle school in the borough and delivers a programme on healthy lifestyles. The programme is designed to appeal to all children ‐ not just sports lovers. It covers all aspects of health and fitness, from healthy eating to exercise. The scheme was designed to integrate into the Health‐Related Fitness module of the National Curriculum. Key attractions of the scheme are the use of heart rate monitors that enable cross‐curricular studies and the collection of “FitTick” stickers for sessions of physical activity. With a view to establishing the scheme in other parts of the UK, it is now available as an off‐the‐shelf package to other leisure providers.
Keeping safe on firework night
Authors: Collins Margaret
Published: July 2002

Describes a small investigation into keeping safe around fireworks with Key Stage 1 pupils. The investigation used the draw and write technique to find out what children in years 1 and 2 already knew about safety in relation to fireworks. Finds that many were already aware of the danger from fireworks, particularly the need to keep behind a barrier of some kind, and the importance of not putting fireworks in pockets. Year 2 children were much more aware that fireworks could hurt or even kill them. Describes a series of exercises that can provide a starting point for further work to reinforce the message that care needs to be exercised when watching fireworks. Makes suggestions for follow‐up work.
Supporting pupils with diabetes
Authors: Watson Michael
Published: July 2002

Describes the crucial part that school health education has to play in the support of pupils with diabetes. Highlights the important roles of teachers, nurses and other school staff. Discusses ways in which schools can promote healthy eating and exercise in order to maintain and achieve improvements in health. Covers the active involvement of pupils, the spiral curriculum and the issue of co‐ordination. Other important areas discussed include communication, the environment, and local and national support. Concludes that the risks of complications of diabetes such as eye disease, kidney failure and amputations can be dramatically reduced with quality health education and medical care.
Evaluating The Implementation of the European Network of Health Promoting Schools in six European countries
Authors: Stears David
Published: July 2002

This article is based on an evaluation of The Implementation of the European Network of Health Promoting Schools (ENHPS) in six countries carried out by the author and colleagues. It describes key elements of the health‐promoting school concept, the challenge of evaluating an international health promoting school project and selected findings taken from the research. The findings of the research described in this paper focus on two comparative aspects of the health promoting school: first, the formal curriculum and second, the social and physical environments. The research is based on formative evaluation and the methodology is mainly qualitative, using a multi‐focused approach to the data. This research draws on political, social and managerial factors which can influence institutional change in the context of creating a health‐promoting environment in schools.
Promoting young people’s health: the health concerns and needs of young people
Authors: Aggleton Peter , Whitty Geoff , Knight Abigail , Prayle David , Warwick Ian , Rivers Kim
Published: July 2002

A five‐month exploratory in‐depth study was conducted in two sites in England with young people age 8‐17 years and adults with a professional or personal interest in health promotion within this age group. Over 90 young people and 40 adults, including parents, teachers, youth workers, health promotion officers, general practitioners and clinical staff, were interviewed. The study aimed to examine adults’ and young peoples’, sometimes differing, beliefs about health, illness and health promotion messages. The findings suggested that young people operate with an integrated concept of health and well‐being which affords high importance to social relations and social activities. Similarly, adults with a broad professional role in relation to young people tended to report that they did not favour a focus on specific health topics, such as drugs, smoking and sexual health, but would prefer to provide a more inclusive approach which takes account of the mental, emotional and social dimensions of health experiences. The research suggests that a narrow focus solely on commonly‐defined priorities, such as drugs and sexual health, may not meet the needs of young people.
Health, wealth and honesty: perceptions of self‐esteem in primary‐ aged children
Authors: Byrne Jenny
Published: July 2002

This paper is based upon a small‐scale research project, which investigates the factors which primary‐aged schoolchildren perceive as causes of high and low self‐esteem. The findings indicate that schools may need to emphasise factors other than academic performance in order to raise pupils’ self‐esteem. The research was undertaken in a class of 32 year‐five children using the Draw and Write technique. The findings show that the children perceive multiple factors affecting their self‐esteem. Health issues, especially aspects of mental health, were considered very important factors in determining levels of self‐esteem. The research also showed that children are affected by the desire to improve their social status and consider this a way of increasing their self‐esteem. Affluence and the acquisition of material possessions were considered important avenues for increasing social status.
Sex education policies in schools: the first hurdle
Authors: Pearson David
Published: July 2002

This paper focuses on the production of school sex education policies. At the start of the decade, two moral panics – about high teenage pregnancy rates and AIDS/HIV – coloured UK Government policy formation. The legislative response put control of sex education into the hands of governing bodies of individual schools. As a result, policies vary widely in quality, presenting local education authorities with a monitoring problem even before policy is put into practice. In 1995, Avon Local Education Authority published a document to help schools develop their sex education policies. In 1997, a project to look at the sex education policies of schools in Bristol began, developing a set of criteria to measure their quality. It found that the quality varied from good to superficial, and that the policies held by most secondary schools in Bristol had serious deficiencies. The main problems with the policies included both specific and general issues. Many either failed to address the topics of sexuality and abortion at all, or addressed them only superficially, despite explicit advice from the local education authority that these topics should be covered by schools’ policies. Many did not make it clear that parents have the right to withdraw their child from sex education, nor did they say what would happen to pupils who are withdrawn. Few schools made their commitment to staff training explicit. Most policies failed to deal adequately with the issue of confidentiality. These findings do not mean that sex education lessons in secondary schools are inevitably poor. Nevertheless this study shows that a considered approach to formulation of sex education policies should be one of the first steps included in a national strategy on sex education.
Evaluation of In Focus: a computer software resource for drug education in schools
Authors: Gare Louise , Denman Susan , Pearson James
Published: July 2002

This paper presents the main findings of an evaluation study that measured the impact of “In Focus”, a drug education resource for use by teachers working in lessons with 12‐13‐year old children. The resource, which comprised an interactive drug education computer program and associated lesson plans, was evaluated for outcomes using a controlled pre‐ and post‐test pupils’ questionnaire and processes by means of focus groups (pupils) and semi‐structured interviews (teachers). Questionnaires were completed both at pre‐ and post‐test by 762 pupils, in nine schools. After the lessons, small increases in knowledge were found in the intervention group. No significant changes in attitudes or intended behaviour patterns were discernible. The pupils felt they had learned a lot and had enjoyed using the In Focus program. The teachers involved in using the resource had not been provided with training to familiarise them with the use of the resource. Furthermore, many did not use the computer program within the context of the lessons contained in the resource. However, they considered the computer program to be useful in generating discussion in the classroom. This paper concludes that the In Focus resource had a limited impact on knowledge levels of pupils and no impact on attitudes, probably on account of the resource not being used in accordance with instructions. The resource was acceptable to teachers and pupils and is considered worthy of further development.
The Challenges of Training the New Information Worker for Africa
Authors: Aina L.O.
Published: July 2002

The challenges facing the information worker in Africa are multifarious
considering the fact that the users of information in Africa are the
most heterogeneous in the world, ranging from the starkly illiterate to
the most educated elite. In this situation, the curricula of information
training institutions in Africa should reflect this reality.
Unfortunately, the curricula of library and information science schools
in Africa are geared towards the educated elites, as there is hardly any
difference between the curricula of information training schools in
Africa and the industrialized world, yet the situation in each setting
is different. While the majority of Africans are rural people who are
illiterate and mainly employed in farming and other unskilled jobs, the
majority of the users of information in the industrialized world are
literate. The services offered by information workers in Africa do not
relate to the information demands of the African setting and do not take
account of the fact that every individual, whether literate or
illiterate, needs information. Recommends that information training
institutions in Africa evolve curricula that will be mission oriented,
geared towards meeting the information demands of farmers, artisans,
grassroots politicians, the electorate, government decision makers,
students, researchers and others. Recommends a conference of trainers,
providers and users of information to fashion out an appropriate
curriculum for African needs.
Continuing Professional Development – Easier Said than Done?
Authors: Birkinshaw Dawn
Published: July 2002

Gives a personal viewpoint of the LA′s CPD scheme. The Personal
Profile can prove to be a useful tool for career planning and
evaluation. Despite this, it appears to be lacking in use – why?
Effective and beneficial use demands time and commitment – commodities
which are often in short supply. Examines the advantages and
disadvantages of the voluntary format and also compares them with the
compulsory nature of the Law Society′s similar scheme. Benefits to both
individuals and their organizations can be gained if the scheme is used.
Library Association statistics reveal what appears to be a poor take‐up
rate of the Profile. Perhaps there is a need for feedback about the
scheme – both positive and negative – from individuals who have used it
and from other professions operating similar schemes?
Choosing a career: librarian?
Authors: Bello Musa A.
Published: July 2002

Presents hypotheses of factors that influence the decision to take up librarianship. Includes a survey of respondents’ perceptions, general orientation and remarks. Finds that two of the hypotheses were accepted while the third was neither rejected nor accepted.
Staff exchanges ‐ new directions for academic libraries?
Authors: Hannon Michael
Published: July 2002

Focuses on international academic library staff exchanges from three perspectives: the author’s personal experience as an exchange participant, as director of a research library which has hosted six exchanges, and as chairman of CURL’s Staff Development Group, which is to implement an intra‐CURL libraries exchange programme in 1997‐98. Describes in detail a model of short, project‐based, reciprocal attachments, rather than traditional, longer‐term, exchanges. Looks forward to an international exchange programme between CURL and RLG libraries.
Value discrepancies, work experiences, satisfactions and
performance in a professional services firm
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: July 2002

Correlates discrepancies between the importance attached to
particular cultural values and their presence within a large
professional services firm. Considers three types of correlates:
personal demographics, work setting factors and affective responses to
work. Data were collected from 1,608 women and men using anonymously
completed questionnaires. Cultural values were rated at significantly
higher levels of importance than they existed in the firm in all but one
case. There was no correlation between their perceived importance and
actual existence. Women and men reporting greater value discrepancies
described the work setting in more negative ways and reported both less
satisfaction with the firm and lower quality service and products
provided by the firm.
How to increase teamwork in organizations
Authors: Conti Betty , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: July 2002

Gives a basic understanding of what could be done to increase teamwork to benefit an organization. In researching the significance of teamwork and the problems teams confront in the business arena, provides a better understanding of how team building fits into the future of successful businesses. By focusing on different tools and techniques, develops an insight on the approaches that can be taken to reach this important cohesion. Through corporate examples, examines the results of the variety of approaches discussed. Through these day‐to‐day business events, provides a visual perception of the important contribution that increased teamwork can provide. Contends that, as we move through the present business climate, efficient and effective teamwork is the recommended approach to achieve and maintain a successful business.
Using ISO 9000 to improve customer service
Authors: Hall Ian W.
Published: July 2002

During 1996 the facilities management department at the Sanofi Research Centre in Alnwick implemented an ISO 9000 quality system. The primary aim for implementing the system was to improve the services provided to the department’s internal customers. Describes how the implementation was carried out, with particular reference to improving customer service, but also identifying some of the issues relating to implementing ISO 9000 within part of a larger organization. Focuses primarily on in‐house service providers, but the information may be relevant to all service organizations.
The need for education and training in the use of the EFQM model for quality management in UK higher education institutions
Authors: Ernest Osseo‐Asare A. , Longbottom David
Published: July 2002

This paper describes the findings of a case study undertaken to investigate the status of total quality management in a UK higher education institution (HEI) using the self‐assessment methodology developed by the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM). The case study strategy involved six schools within the same HEI. Provides evidence to encourage implementation of staff development strategies which provide education and training to deans, assistant deans and all personnel involved in quality and performance improvement on the effective use of the EFQM model and the integration of the UK’s Quality Assurance Agency model with the EFQM model. The need to critically evaluate emerging models for quality and performance improvement prior to selection and implementation is emphasized. This study identifies a comparison of the EFQM methodology with the educational criteria for the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award as a key area for further research.
Training, empowerment, and creating a culture for change
Authors: Kappelman Leon A. , Richards Thomas C.
Published: July 2002

Examines an innovative first step which one organization took on the road to employee empowerment. States that although this first step was a small one, it resulted in large benefits to the organization. Reveals that this field study was conducted during the information system conversion phase of a larger organizational change, at 52 recently‐acquired branches of a $40‐billion interstate bank. Discovers that the payoffs were surprisingly large when employees are given a small empowering opportunity just before their training. Indicates that empowered employees are more able to adapt to change and less likely to resist it, and their need for control is being met through their empowerment, rather than by their resistance. Finds that even in small quantities, empowerment can be a large contributor to success. Also believes that small, low‐cost empowerments with large payoffs can almost always be found.
Target pricing: a marketing management tool for pricing new cars
Authors: Ejye Omar Ogenyi
Published: July 2002

Over the past 15 years, many UK car manufacturers have learned that quality must be designed into cars before they are manufactured ‐ it is expensive, if not misguided, to create quality by inspection after the car has left the production line. Examines the rigorous cost management technique which helps prevent senior managers from launching low‐margin cars which do not generate enough returns on investment. Finds that most UK‐based car manufacturers employ the logic of target costing as a marketing management tool to determine the prices of new car models. Suggests that before a new car is launched, senior managers must determine its ideal selling price, establish the feasibility of meeting that price, and then control costs to ensure that the set price is met. Reports the conclusive evidence that when target costing works well, quantifiable hurdles are established in a transparent process, and senior managers are more likely to commit themselves to what the statistical numbers show.
Product and service bundling decisions and their effects on purchase intention
Authors: Herrmann Andreas , Huber Frank , Higie Coulter Robin
Published: July 2002

Examines the effects of four factors (the bundle: pure or mixed, the price discount, the functional complementarity of bundle components, and the number of bundle components) on consumers’ intentions to purchase product and service bundles. The findings were relatively consistent across product (automobile) and service (automotive service) contexts, and illustrate that pure bundles are preferred to mixed bundles, and a greater price discount is preferred to a lesser one. The results also indicate that five component bundles generate greater purchase intention than either three or seven component bundles, and that “very related” bundle components result in greater purchase intention than either moderately or not related components. Additionally, several interactions are present.
Mode of payment and formation of reference prices
Authors: Monger Jodie E. , Feinberg Richard A.
Published: July 2002

States that reference price has emerged as a central feature in consumer decisions. The goal of this study was to explore the contribution of mode of payment to the formulation of personal reference prices (what one believes to be a fair price for a product) and reservation prices (the highest price one is willing to pay for a product). Reference prices for the products were significantly influenced by mode of payment (check, cash, credit card). Those in the credit card condition formulated significantly higher reference and reservation prices than when other modes of payment were considered. That credit cards can raise reference prices leads to a better understanding of why consumers spend more with credit cards.
Critical analysis of different approaches to minimizing user‐related faults in information systems security: implications for research and practice
Authors: Siponen Mikko T.
Published: July 2002

Even though the human component has been recognized to have a crucial role in information systems (IS) security, the human issues have not received much attention. Recently a few approaches aimed at minimizing human‐related faults in the area of IS security have been put forward. This paper analyses different approaches aimed at minimizing user‐related faults. The existing approaches will be analysed from the viewpoint of their theoretical background, the research approaches employed, the research objectives and the organizational role of IS security. As a result, a new taxonomy, a comparison and critical analyses of the strengths and weaknesses of state‐of‐the‐art approaches shall be presented. Moreover, several issues that future research should explore and practitioners should consider when applying the results of the existing research are suggested.
“Need‐to‐know” principle and fuzzy security clearances modelling
Authors: Janczewski Lech J. , Portougal Victor
Published: July 2002

The paper discusses the assignment of security clearances to employees in a security conscious organisation. New approaches are suggested for solving two major problems. First, full implementation of the “need‐to‐know” principle is provided by the introduction of data access statements (DAS) as part of an employee’s job description. Second, for the problem of setting up border points between different security clearances, the paper introduces a fuzzy set model. This model helps to solve this problem, effectively connecting it with the cost of security.
A holistic model of computer abuse within organizations
Authors: Lee Jintae , Lee Younghwa
Published: July 2002

Past studies suggest that computer security countermeasures such as security policies, systems, and awareness programs would be effective in preventing computer abuse in organizations. They are based on the general deterrence theory, which posits that when an organization implements countermeasures that threaten abusers, its computer abuse problems would be deterred. However, computer abuse problems persist in many organizations despite these measures. This article proposes a new model of computer abuse that extends the traditional model with the social criminology theories. Focusing on computer abuse within organizations, the model explains the phenomenon through social lenses such as social bonds and social learning. The new model contributes to our theoretical body of knowledge on computer abuse by providing a new angle for approaching the problem. It suggests to practitioners that both technical and social solutions should be implemented to reduce the pervasive computer abuse problems.
Auditing disclosure risks of on‐line broker‐dealers
Authors: Ngo Higgins Huong
Published: July 2002

This paper discusses disclosures required of on‐line broker‐dealers, and recommends various internal measures that on‐line broker‐dealers should take to comply with securities trading regulations. On‐line trading is transforming the relationship between investors and broker‐dealers. While the services offered by on‐line broker‐dealers may be different from those offered by full‐service brokers, the differences are diminishing, and both activities are subject to the same rules and regulations. A GAO report of May 2000, revealed that many on‐line broker‐dealers did not comply with disclosure requirements, resulting in complaints by customers who lost money or financial opportunities. As the SEC is strengthening its examinations, this article is helpful to firms that offer trading on‐line to comply with disclosure requirements for investor protection. This article is especially helpful for internal auditors of these firms in implementing internal policy and procedures to ensure adequate disclosures and to mitigate risks of investors’ litigation.
Navigating change into the new millennium: themes and issues for the learning organization
Authors: Grieves Jim
Published: July 2002

Suggests that the end of the twentieth century may witness the end of modernity and that the post‐modern world of organizations will be driven by a new set of expectations. On the one hand certain trends are discernible as a result of globalization and on the other internal debates within Organizational Development will reshape intervention strategies through organizational learning and Human Resource Development.
Action learning, action research and process management (ALARPM): a personal history
Authors: Zuber‐Skerritt Ortrun , Farquhar Mary
Published: July 2002

This paper is an edited version of an interview that presents information and insight into the background of ALARPM (action learning, action research and process management) not only as a field but also as a worldwide network association, thus facilitating understanding of the evolution and nature of these three concepts. The interviewee’s responses reflect her personal perspective, informed by both life experience and a theoretical framework that conceives of ALARPM first as a philosophy, a theory of learning and a methodology, and second as a method and technique.
The concept of action learning
Authors: Zuber‐Skerritt Ortrun
Published: July 2002

This paper reviews the concept of action learning with reference to the classic texts by Reg Revans and texts that are likely to become classics, such as recent studies from the UK, Germany, Austria, South Africa, Australia, North America and Latin America. Action learning is now an international field and this paper draws widely from this field. The paper focuses on defining the concept of action learning and revealing its underlying philosophical assumptions. The terminology, features and success factors of an action learning program are also considered.
Continuous Improvement through Employee Training
Authors: Bushardt Stephen C. , Fretwell Cherie , Byrd Cumbest Patti
Published: July 2002

Illustrates the results accomplished by an ad hoc committee established
at a bank to conduct training throughout the organization, with
particular emphasis on providing quality customer service. The ad
hoc committee proved to be more effective and efficient than the
addition of a training department or the use of external trainers. The
primary criteria used for selection of committee members were strong
technical competences in their primary functions and good presentation
skills, as well as being considered informal leaders by their peers. The
ad hoc committee was initially trained via utilization of external
training consultants. The training programme conducted by the committee
made a major contribution to facilitating integration among the various
functions and geographically dispersed units of the organization at a
very small direct cost. A key component for the success of this type of
training is top management support and commitment.
Learning and process improvement in knowledge organizations: a critical analysis of four contemporary myths
Authors: Kock Nereu F. , McQueen Robert J. , Baker Megan
Published: July 2002

Discusses the concepts of knowledge, information and data. Analyses the concept of knowledge organizations with the focus on its reliance on knowledge workers and intense information flow. Based on the previous discussion, critically analyses four contemporary myths: (1) process improvement should focus on activities; (2) process improvement should itself be a top‐down process; (3) organizations should be learning systems; and (4) fragmentation should be avoided. Argues that these myths are particularly deceiving and potentially dangerous owing to their incompatibility with the concept of knowledge organizations and the way these organizations operate.
Reflective inquiry: a method for organizational learning
Authors: Keating Charles , Robinson Thomas , Clemson Barry
Published: July 2002

Explains a process the authors have enacted several times for facilitating organizational self‐reflection, which they call “reflective inquiry”. Shows how the process is based on the authors’ current understanding of the concept referred to as organizational learning. Finally, advocates future participatory action research whereby organizational learning theory is tested and modified through the design, enactment and observation of further processes; these processes, in turn, should be designed based on current understandings of organizational learning.
A review and case study on learning organizations
Authors: Rifkin Will , Fulop Liz
Published: July 2002

Examines popular theories of learning in organizations to highlight their limitations for reform and change. Divides learning approaches into four general strategies ‐ organizational learning, learning organization, learning environment, and “learning space”. Examines how issues of power, diversity, indeterminacy and hierarchy are treated in each approach and the extent to which multi‐vocal strategies of learning are engendered. These issues have been central to concerns raised in the literature about organizational control. However, much of what is popularly promoted as prescriptions for learning in organizations ‐ on dimensions such as teamwork, leadership, and culture ‐ have significant elements in which there is little evidence of reflection on issues of control. Gives particular attention to Peter Senge’s book,The Fifth Discipline,which has become the blueprint for many organizational learning projects and other learning approaches. Also gives attention to a popular account of learning, an address by the CEO of the Australian telecommunications firm, Telstra. The analysis provides a basis for raising questions about popular learning strategies and underlines the need for managers to reflect on the complex, contextualized, and contentious nature of learning and its macro‐level constraints and its micro‐level impacts.
Transformational and adaptive learning within the learning organization: a framework for research and application
Authors: Appelbaum Steven H. , Goransson Lars
Published: July 2002

States that organizational learning is currently a fashionable concept, and this is due to an attempt by many large organizations to develop structures and systems that are more adaptable and responsive to change. Reviews a framework for organizational learning and discusses the two main perspectives on the learning organization, that is, the focus on generative or transformational learning and the focus on incremental or adaptive learning. First, reviews a framework for organizational learning and examines the learning organization with regard to the twofold nature of organizational learning. Second, examines the generative or transformational perspective of the learning organization and how this has been developed in the literature. Third, looks at the incremental or adaptive perspective of the learning organization that has been presented in some recent literature. Examines a formula for a learning organization for application. Shows that this model integrates leadership vision, measurement of goals, internal/external data collection, inventiveness and proactive implementation to create a successful design. Concludes by integrating the two perspectives on the learning organization into the reviewed framework for congruence.
How literature may be used to assist in the education of managers
Authors: Cohen Claire
Published: July 2002

This article explores two questions. First, can literature be a useful material for the teacher of management? Second, how might this material be used? The article acknowledges the many difficulties for the teacher in using literature but also suggests that literature, if used with attention to its inherent complexities and nuances, can be illuminating for students. The article describes in detail an attempt, by the author, to evaluate the use of literature in a university management class. Conclusions centred on: the value of private reading; input of the teacher; perceived relevance of the literary text to management education.
The role of the emotional climate in learning organisations
Authors: Tran Véronique
Published: July 2002

This paper describes the research directed at the study of the role of the emotional climate in learning organisations. It becomes increasingly obvious that an emotional climate pervades every level of human interaction inside organisations. Emotionality and rationality coexist in organisational settings. This research examines how an emotional climate arises, how it evolves, how it is maintained, and what are the consequences of a given type of emotional climate. We suggest that it may deeply affect organisational dynamics such as idea‐generation, creativity, adaptability to change, and facilitation or inhibition of learning processes. Hence, it ultimately influences performance. We are in the process of developing an instrument to measure the emotional climate in a learning organisation.
The Bertelsmann International Network of Public Libraries
Authors: Poustie Kay
Published: July 2002

The Bertelsmann International Network of Public Libraries was created by the Bertelsmann Foundation of Germany to think flexibly about the public library of tomorrow and to develop model solutions to address the issues faced by public libraries across the world. From the first meeting, topics of relevance to public libraries were discussed and then the first group of participants had to choose a topic to research and create a model which could be implemented in other public libraries. Summaries of all research papers are available on the Internet at www.stiftung. bertelsmann.de Some models are currently being implemented in libraries of the participants and the new members of the Network are currently working on their research.
Search at different price levels: the impact of knowledge and search cost
Authors: Smith Gerald E.
Published: July 2002

Studies the impact of search cost and prior knowledge on consumer search at different price points in a market price distribution for telecommunications products. In an experiment it is found that buyers search differently on premium price products than they do on moderate and low price products, and that this behavior depends on the search costs of the purchase situation and the knowledge of the buyer involved. The results suggest a number of implications for marketers on the role of premium priced brands, ranging from product line pricing strategy to information communication strategy.
Deal evaluation and purchase intention: the impact of aspirational and market‐based internal reference prices
Authors: Vaidyanathan Rajiv , Aggarwal Praveen , Stem Donald E. , Muehling Darrel D. , Umesh U.N.
Published: July 2002

While there has been much debate in the reference pricing literature on the most appropriate conceptualization of internal reference price used by consumers in evaluating deals, the question of whether consumers may use different internal reference prices at different stages of the purchase process has not been addressed. In this article, we hypothesize that consumers may use one type of internal reference price to form their deal attitude and another to determine their purchase intentions. We also show that different dimensions of internal reference price are used to determine deal attitude and purchase intention and that price uncertainty moderates the relationship between these internal reference prices and deal evaluation.
Brand dilution effect of extension failure – a Taiwan study
Authors: Cheng‐Hsui Chen Arthur , Chen Shaw K.
Published: July 2002

Examines the negative impacts of brand extension failure upon the original brand by calibrating the difference of brand equity. Using data collected from college students in Taiwan, establishes four hypotheses to identify various effects of a failed brand extension in diluting the original brand’s equity. Analyzes the different effects among four types of equity‐source brands for both close and distant extensions. Equity‐source and equity level of the original brand is identified first. All components of brand equity‐source are then used to evaluate the performance of a brand extension. Finds that an unsuccessful brand extension dilutes the original brand for all three high equity‐source brands. Effects of brand dilution differ according to the type of equity source possessed by the original brand, but there is no difference in brand dilution effects from close and distant extension failures.
Comparing bidding and pricing between in‐person and online auctions
Authors: Massad Victor J. , Tucker Joanne M.
Published: July 2002

Examines the phenomenon of online auctions. Begins by developing a theoretical base for understanding how online and in‐person auctions should differ in terms of consumer risk. Online auctions with seller reserve prices are compared to in‐person auctions without seller reserve prices using data from 60 paired sales of collectible figurines. Online auctions are found to exceed in‐person auctions in both mean initial bid prices and mean final sales prices.
Price threshold and discount saturation point in Singapore
Authors: Marshall Roger , Bee Leng Seow
Published: July 2002

A study is reported, which investigated Singapore consumers’ price thresholds and saturation points for price discounts. The study shows that consumers discount the offered price discount, i.e. they lower the dollar gain value. This discounting of discounts increases significantly with the increase in advertised discounts. Very similar patterns of responses are obtained for products and services. The study also indicates that the saturation point for price discounts of 20 to 30 percent is found to be the same in Singapore and the USA. However, a price threshold of less than 10 percent is found for Singapore consumers, compared to 15 percent in the USA. Frequent price promotions in Singapore may have lowered the products’ expected price and appear to lead consumers to defer purchases when regular prices are offered.
Key Components in Product Management Success (and Failure):
Authors: Wood Van R. , Tandon Sudhir
Published: July 2002

Over the last five years, the once vaulted system known as product
management has been under attack. Challenged by a variety of
mega‐trends, including rising consumer expectations and expertise,
revolutionary changes in technology, and shifting power in channels of
distribution, product managers now face an environment much more
demanding than that of the past. Examines the role of product managers
of consumer goods in this new environment, within the context of a
conceptual model developed to understand better the dynamics underlying
their job performance and satisfaction. The model highlights the
interactions among boundary spanning, information power and
interfunctional coordination, and incorporates the concepts of strategic
orientation, role conflict and role ambiguity. In all, 17 propositions
are advanced for future empirical testing.
Innovator Buying Behavior Over Time:
Authors: Alpert Frank
Published: July 2002

Earlier research on this topic focussed on the adoption of an innovation
in isolation from other innovations. Analyzes the cumulative effects of
earlier innovations on the adoption of future innovations in the same
product class. It is proposed that innovators move through a series of
stages, the innovator buying cycle, driven by an internal dynamic.
Brand equity or double jeopardy?
Authors: Chaudhuri Arjun
Published: July 2002

Discusses and contrasts the theories of double jeopardy and brand
equity. A model of attitudes, habit, brand loyalty and brand equity
outcomes is proposed in order to reconcile the two theories. Results of
a study designed to test the model are presented. Results indicate
support for both theories of brand equity and double jeopardy since both
direct and indirect relationships were found between attitudes/habit and
brand equity outcomes. The indirect relationships were mediated by the
concept of brand loyalty. Implications for managers are discussed.
Assessing the vulnerability of private label brands
Authors: Halstead Diane , Ward Cheryl B.
Published: July 2002

Private label brands may be in danger as a result of recent changes
in the marketing strategies used by private label firms. The primary
competitive advantage of private label brands, good quality at low
prices, may be lost if private label firms continue to modify and expand
how their brands are marketed. Specifically, changes in private label
brands′ advertising, packaging, sales promotion, and product improvement
strategies indicate that private label brands are moving closer than
ever to manufacturer brand status. To the extent that these changes
result in higher average retail prices and/or lower gross margins for
retailers, the advantages of private brands to both consumers and
distributors will diminish, illustrating that the historical
“wheel of retailing” hypothesis may be applicable to private
label brands. Investigates the aforementioned trends and provides
suggestions for manufacturers and retailers for future brand management
strategies.
The impact of social values on food‐related attitudes
Authors: Goldsmith Ronald E. , Freiden Jon , Henderson Kenneth V.
Published: July 2002

Social values represent desired end states of being or desirable
behaviors such as self‐respect, warm relations with others, or
excitement. These abstract social cognitions help shape product
attitudes and through them guide overt behavior. Empirical research has
supported this theoretical structure of values‐attitudes‐behavior, but
only for a relatively few high involvement products. A sample of 323
adult women shoppers rated the importance of the nine social values from
the list of values; reported their attitudes toward snack foods,
convenience foods, and cooking; and described purchase frequencies for a
variety of foods. The shoppers′ food attitudes were consistently
associated with self‐reported food purchases. Moreover, ratings of
several values were associated with attitudes toward snack foods and use
of convenience foods, suggesting that social values may influence buyer
behavior for low as well as high involvement products. The findings have
implications for food marketers who want to promote their products more
effectively, consumer theorists who want to understand the impact of
values on consumer behavior, and public makers who would like to
influence food expenditures by consumers.
Correlates of store brand proneness: some empirical observations
Authors: Dick Alan , Jain Arun , Richardson Paul
Published: July 2002

Profiles heavy buyers of store brand products and compares them
with light buyers in terms of demographics, socio‐economic, and
attitudinal variables. The results suggest that younger, unmarried, and
smaller sized households tend to avoid store brands. As compared with
heavy buyers, light buyers of store brands are less familiar with them
and perceive them to be of lower quality, less value for money and as
riskier choices.
How consumers evaluate store brands
Authors: Dick Alan , Jain Arun , Richardson Paul
Published: July 2002

Using a sample of 872 shoppers and data for 14 products, tests the degree to which extrinsic cue reliance differs between “store brand” versus “non‐store brand” prone consumers. Results indicate that store brand prone consumers exhibit significantly less reliance on extrinsic cues in quality assessment. Reliance on brand name had an especially strong effect in forming taste expectations. Price reliance had a marked effect in determining perceptions of quality and reliability of ingredients. Discusses the implications for management.
Reengineering and the marketing function: integration of theory and practice
Authors: Aurand Timothy W. , Schoenbachler Denise D. , Gordon Geoffrey L.
Published: July 2002

One of the most popular topics in American business today is reengineering. Rarely has such a misunderstood term been embraced so widely in theory and in practice. Numerous definitions and lists of key components to successful reengineering have confused managers as to what reengineering is in theory and in practice. Brings together the diverse literature and identifies clearly the activities, questions and process changes theorized to be necessary in reengineering efforts. In addition, reports the results of a survey designed to assess which of these purported activities, questions and process changes are, in practice, part of reengineering efforts as perceived by marketing professionals. Over 200 marketing professionals revealed their perception of firms’ involvement in reengineering, and evaluated involvement in key activities, process changes and asking of fundamental questions. The results reveal interesting discrepancies between theoretical reengineering and reengineering in practice. Implies that reengineering may not be a black‐and‐white issue, but rather exist on a gray continuum.