bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Image Correlation for Elastic Strain Evaluation during Focused Ion Beam Ring-Core Milling
Authors: Uzun Fatih , Korsunsky Alexander M.
Published: July 2024

This paper details the utilization of the focused ion beam digital image correlation (FIB-DIC) technique for measuring in-plane displacements and the employment of the height digital image correlation (hDIC) technique as a two-step DIC method for determining displacements without an out-of-plane component within the region of interest. Consideration is given to the microscopy data’s measurement scale and resolution to confirm the capability of both techniques to conduct micro-scale correlations with nano-scale sensitivity, making them suitable for investigating the residual elastic strains formed due to processing. The sequential correlation procedure of the FIB-DIC technique has been optimized to balance accuracy and performance for correlating sequential scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Conversely, the hDIC technique prioritizes the accurate correlation of SEM images directly with the reference state without a sequential procedure, offering optimal computational performance through advanced parallel computing tools, particularly suited for correlating profilometry data related to large-scale displacements. In this study, the algorithm of the hDIC technique is applied as a two-step DIC to evaluate the elastic strain relaxation on the surface of a ring core drilled using a focused ion beam. Both techniques are utilized to correlate the same SEM images collected during the monitoring of the ring drilling process. A comparison of the correlation results of both techniques is undertaken to quantify the near-surface residual elastic strains, with an analysis conducted to discern the accuracy of the hDIC algorithm. Furthermore, the distinctions between the two techniques are delineated and discussed.
Effect of Scanning Strategy on the Microstructure and Load-Bearing Characteristics of Additive Manufactured Parts
Authors: Sajin Jose S. Silva , Mishra Santosh Kr. , Upadhyay Ram Krishna
Published: July 2024

Additive manufacturing has witnessed significant growth in recent years, revolutionizing the automotive and aerospace industries amongst others. Despite the use of additive manufacturing for creating complex geometries and reducing material consumption, there is a critical need to enhance the mechanical properties of manufactured parts to broaden their industrial applications. In this work, AISI 316L stainless steel is used to fabricate parts using three different strategies of the additively manufactured Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technique, i.e., continuous, alternate, and island. This study aims to identify methods to optimize grain orientation and compaction support provided to the material under load, which influence the frictional and wear properties of the manufactured parts. The load-bearing capacity is evaluated by measuring the frictional and wear properties. The wear patch track is also examined to establish the physical mechanisms at the surface interface that lead to the smooth transition in response to the load. Grain orientation is compared across different strategies using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) maps, and the influence of surface roughness on sliding behavior is also evaluated. The results demonstrate that the island scanning strategy yields the best performance for load-bearing applications, exhibiting superior grain orientation and hardness in the additively manufactured parts.
Accumulation and Phytoremediation Potentiality of Trace and Heavy Metals in Some Selected Aquatic Plants from a Highly Urbanized Subtropical Estuary
Authors: Tanjin Fatema , Rahman Md. Mofizur , Jolly Yeasmin Nahar , Riya Khadijatul Kubra , Akter Shirin , Albeshr Mohammed Fahad , Arai Takaomi , Yu Jimmy , Hossain Mohammad Belal
Published: July 2024

The global concern over trace and heavy metal contamination in aquatic environments necessitates the development of effective remediation strategies. Using aquatic plants for heavy metal removal is a relatively economical and sustainable technology worldwide. This study involved collecting sediment and aquatic plant samples (Acanthus ilicifolius, Typha elephantina, and Cynodon dactylon) from a highly urbanized estuary to analyze metal concentrations in sediment, assess ecological risks, and explore the phytoremediation potential. Trace and heavy metals were detected using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (EDXRF). The sediment metal concentrations were found in decreasing order of Fe, Ti, Mn, Rb, Zr, Zn, Sr, Cu, Co, and As. Fe, Sr, and As concentrations were below certified values, whereas Cu, Zn, and Rb exceeded them. Cumulatively, the pollution load index (PLI) values were close to 1 (0.845), indicating that the study area is likely experiencing metal pollution. The Contamination Factor (CF) values, ranging from 1 to 3, indicated a moderate degree of sediment pollution for Ti, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Rb. The Enrichment Factor (EF) values similarly showed moderate enrichment for these metals, with Cu exhibiting the highest degree of enrichment. Ecological risk assessment highlighted the only metal, Cu, as posing the greatest risk among the studied metals. In terms of phytoremediation potential, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) followed the decreasing order of C. dactylon > A. ilicifolius > T. elephantina for most metals, with low BCF values (<1) indicating low accumulator potential. However, the translocation factor (TF) values for Zn (1.464) and Rb (1.299) in A. ilicifolius species were greater than 1, indicating low accumulation potential but hyper-metabolizing capabilities, allowing the plant to accumulate metals in its aerial parts, making it effective for phytostabilization.
Sovereign Credit Risk in Saudi Arabia, Morocco and Egypt
Authors: Abid Amira , Abid Fathi
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this paper is to assess and predict sovereign credit risk for Egypt, Morroco and Saudi Arabia using credit default swap (CDS) spreads obtained from the DataStream database for the period from 2009 to 2022. Our approach consists of generating the implied default probability and the corresponding credit rating in order to estimate the term structure of the implied default probability using the Nelson–Siegel model. In order to validate the prediction from the probability term structure, we calculate the transition matrices based on the implied rating using the homogeneous Markov model. The main results show that, overall, the probabilities of defaulting in the long term are higher than those in the short term, which implies that the future outlook is more pessimistic given the events that occurred during the study period. Egypt seems to be the country with the most fragile economy, especially after 2009, likely because of the political events that marked the country at that time. The economies of Morocco and Saudi Arabia are more resilient in terms of both default probability and credit rating. These findings can help policymakers develop targeted strategies to mitigate economic risks and enhance stability, and they provide investors with valuable insights for managing long-term investment risks in these countries.
Homogenization Heat Treatment for Enhancing Corrosion Resistance and Tribological Properties of the Al5083-H111 Alloy
Authors: Rmadan Mohamed Balaid A. , Esen Ismail , Ahlatci Hayrettin , Duran Ece
Published: July 2024

In this study, an Al5083-H111 alloy was divided into two different parameters without heat treatment and by applying homogenization heat treatment. In the homogenized Al5083 sample, it helped to make the matrix structure more homogeneous and refined and distribute intermetallic phases, such as the Al-Mg phase (Mg2Al3) and Al-Fe phases, more evenly in the matrix. There was an increase in the hardness of the homogenized sample. The increase in hardness is due to the material having a more homogeneous structure. Corrosion tests were applied to these parameters in NaCl and NaOH. It is observed that Al5083 samples before and after heat treatment show better corrosion resistance and less weight loss in NaOH and NaCl environments. It was observed that the fracture resistance of the alloy in the NaOH solution was lower, and the weight loss was higher than the alloy in the NaCl solution. Wear tests were performed on two different parameters: a dry environment and a NaOH solution. Since the NaOH solution has a lubricating effect on the wear surface of the sample and increases the corrosion resistance of the oxide layers formed, the wear resistance of the alloys in dry environments was lower than the wear resistance of the alloys in the NaOH solution. A hydrogen evolution test was performed on the samples in the NaOH solution, and the results were recorded. Hydrogen production showed higher hydrogen output from the homogenized sample. Accordingly, a higher corrosion rate was observed.
Electrical, Optical and Thermal Properties of Ge-Si-Sn-O Thin Films
Authors: Vadakepurathu Femina , Rana Mukti
Published: July 2024

This work evaluates the electrical, optical and thermal properties of Sn-doped GexSi1-xOy thin films for use as microbolometer sensing materials. The films were prepared using a combination of a radio frequency (RF) magnetron and direct current (DC) sputtering using a Kurt J Leskar Proline PVD-75 series sputtering machine. Thin films were deposited in an O2+Ar environment at a chamber pressure of 4 mTorr. The thicknesses of the thin films were varied between 300 nm–1.2 µm by varying the deposition time. The morphology and microstructure of thin films were investigated by atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the atomic composition was determined using the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) function of a scanning electron microscope. The thin film with an atomic composition of Ge0.45Si0.05Sn0.15O0.35 was found to be amorphous. We used the Arrhenius relationship to determine the activation energy as well as temperature coefficient of resistance of the thin films, which were found to be 0.2529 eV and −3.26%/K, respectively. The noise voltage power spectral density (PSD) of the film was analyzed using a Primarius—9812DX noise analyzer using frequencies ranging from 2 Hz to 10 kHz. The noise voltage PSD of the film was found to be 1.76 × 10−11 V2/Hz and 2.78 × 10−14 V2/Hz at 2 Hz and 1KHz frequencies, respectively. The optical constants were determined using the ellipsometry reflection data of samples using an RC2 and infrared (IR) VASE Mark-II ellipsometer from J A Woollam. Absorption, transmission and reflection data for a wavelength range of 900 nm–5000 nm were also determined. We also determined the optical constant values such as the real and imaginary parts of refractive index (n and k, respectively) and real and imaginary part of permittivity (ε1 and ε2, respectively) for wavelength ranges between 193 nm to 35 µm. An optical band gap of 1.03 eV was determined from absorption data and using Tauc’s equation. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the film was analyzed using a Linseis thin film analyzer employing the 3ω method. The thermal conductivity of a 780 nm thick film was found to be 0.38 Wm−1K−1 at 300 K. From the data, the Ge-Si-Sn-O alloy was found to be a promising material for use as a sensing material for microbolometers.
Comparison on the Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Ti6Al4V Alloys Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion and Casting
Authors: Zhan Zhongwei , Zhang Qi , Wang Shuaixing , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Hao , Sun Zhihua , Ge Yulin , Du Nan
Published: July 2024

The non-equilibrium solidification process in the additive manufacturing of titanium alloy leads to special microstructures, and the resulting changes in corrosion behavior are worthy of attention. In this paper, the microstructure and electrochemical corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V alloys prepared using laser powder bed melting (LPBF) and casting are systematically compared. The results show that the LPBF-processed Ti6Al4V alloy is composed of dominant acicular α′ martensite within columnar prior β phase, and less β disperses have also been discovered, which is significantly different from the α + β dual-phase structure of cast Ti6Al4V alloy. Compared to the as-cast Ti6Al4V alloy, LPBF-processed Ti6Al4V alloy has a thinner and unstable passive film, and exhibits slightly poorer corrosion resistance, which is mainly related to its higher porosity, a large amount of acicular α′ martensite and less β phase compared to as-cast Ti6Al4V alloy. This result proves that suitable methods should be taken to control the relative density and phase composition of LPBF-processed Ti6Al4V alloys before application.
An Adaptive Elastic Support Seat-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer for Human Body Vibration Reduction
Authors: Ding Wei , Wang Leizhi , Chen Zhaobo , Ao Hongrui , Yan Hui
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces an electromagnetic structure utilizing the controllable mechanical properties of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) materials through magnetic flux. An adaptive elastic foundation composed of these materials is explored for vibration reduction and frequency modulation. This study investigates these effects using both a single-mass model and a coupled human–seat model. For objects supported by the adaptive elastic foundation, increasing the magnetic flux enhances the stiffness and damping, thereby significantly reducing the peak response while slightly increasing the resonance frequency. Strategies such as increasing the magnetic flux, reducing the object mass, and minimizing the system’s degrees of freedom and internal damping contribute to enhancing the vibration reduction and frequency modulation in the adaptive elastic foundation. The simulation results indicate that for a seated human (weighing between 72.4 kg and 88.4 kg), the adaptive elastic foundation reduces the head peak response by approximately 15.7% and increases the resonance frequency by approximately 3.4% at a magnetic flux of 138 mT.
Bond Shear Tests to Evaluate Different CFRP Shear Strengthening Strategies for I-Shaped Concrete Cross-Sections
Authors: Yaqub Muhammad Arslan , Czaderski Christoph , Matthys Stijn
Published: July 2024

I-shaped concrete girders are widely used in precast bridge and roof construction, making them a common structural component in existing infrastructure. Despite well-established strengthening techniques using various innovative materials, such as externally bonded carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement, the shear strengthening of an I-shaped concrete girder is not straightforward. Several research studies have shown that externally bonded CFRP reinforcement might exhibit early debonding at the concave corners of the I-shape, resulting in a marginal increase in shear capacity. This research study aims to assess the performance of two different CFRP shear strengthening strategies for I-shaped concrete cross-sections. In the first strategy, CFRP was bonded along the I-shape of the cross-section with the provision of additional anchorage. In the second strategy, the I-shape was transformed into a rectangular shape by using in-fill blocks over which the CFRP was bonded in a U-configuration. In addition to the strengthening strategies, the investigated parameters included two different materials for the in-fill blocks (conventional and aerated concrete) and two different anchoring schemes (bolted steel plate anchor and CFRP spike anchor). To avoid testing on large-scale girders, a new test methodology has been implemented on concrete I-sections. The test results demonstrate the feasibility of comparing different shear strengthening configurations dedicated to I-sections. Among other findings, the results showed that the local transformation of the I-shape to an equivalent rectangular shape could be a viable solution, resulting in shear strength enhancement of 12% to 53% without and with the anchorages, respectively.
Research on Vibration Characteristics of Bearingless Motorized Spindles Based on Multibody Dynamics
Authors: Meng Jie , He Lihong , Yang Jianan , Liu Shuang
Published: July 2024

During the service process of a bearingless motorized spindle (BLMS), its parameters change with both time and external conditions, leading to a decrease in the accuracy of the motorized spindle. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately describe the dynamic performance of a motorized spindle during its actual operation using deterministic parameters. In this paper, the interactions between the thermal deformation and vibration of a motorized spindle are explored. A dynamic model of the motorized spindle based on multibody dynamics and time-varying parameters is established, and a solution method for the dynamic model with uncertain parameters is investigated. Firstly, the reasons for the vibration in the BLMS are analyzed, and the influences of thermal deformation on the thermal eccentricity and inhomogeneous air gap of the BLMS are studied. A vibration model of the BLMS is established and solved to acquire the radial vibration displacement. Secondly, a discrete multibody dynamics model of the BLMS is built, and the center trajectory of the motorized spindle is attained by solving the multibody dynamics model. A prototype experimental platform of the BLMS is designed, and vibration tests are carried out. The experimental results show that the vibration amplitude of the BLMS increases with the running time and the maximum displacement exhibits a large deviation from the simulation results using the determined parameters, while there is a small deviation from the simulation results using uncertain parameters; this indicates that the solution of the multibody dynamics model of the BLMS described by uncertain parameters is closer to the experimental data. These research findings can provide a reference for the optimized design of BLMSs.
Analyzing Convergence in Sequences of Uncountable Iterated Function Systems—Fractals and Associated Fractal Measures
Authors: Mierluș–Mazilu Ion , Niță Lucian
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we examine a sequence of uncountable iterated function systems (U.I.F.S.), where each term in the sequence is constructed from an uncountable collection of contraction mappings along with a linear and continuous operator. Each U.I.F.S. within the sequence is associated with an attractor, which represents a set towards which the system evolves over time, a Markov-type operator that governs the probabilistic behavior of the system, and a fractal measure that describes the geometric and measure-theoretic properties of the attractor. Our study is centered on analyzing the convergence properties of these systems. Specifically, we investigate how the attractors and fractal measures of successive U.I.F.S. in the sequence approach their respective limits. By understanding the convergence behavior, we aim to provide insights into the stability and long-term behavior of such complex systems. This study contributes to the broader field of dynamical systems and fractal geometry by offering new perspectives on how uncountable iterated function systems evolve and stabilize. In this paper, we undertake a comprehensive examination of a sequence of uncountable iterated function systems (U.I.F.S.), each constructed from an uncountable collection of contraction mappings in conjunction with a linear and continuous operator. These systems are integral to our study as they encapsulate complex dynamical behaviors through their association with attractors, which represent sets towards which the system evolves over time. Each U.I.F.S. within the sequence is governed by a Markov-type operator that dictates its probabilistic behavior and is described by a fractal measure that captures the geometric and measure-theoretic properties of the attractor. The core contributions of our work are presented in the form of several theorems. These theorems tackle key problems and provide novel insights into the study of measures and their properties in Hilbert spaces. The results contribute to advancing the understanding of convergence behaviors, the interaction of Dirac measures, and the applications of Monge–Kantorovich norms. These theorems hold significant potential applications across various domains of functional analysis and measure theory. By establishing new results and proving critical properties, our work extends existing frameworks and opens new avenues for future research. This paper contributes to the broader field of mathematical analysis by offering new perspectives on how uncountable iterated function systems evolve and stabilize. Our findings provide a foundational understanding that can be applied to a wide range of mathematical and real-world problems. By highlighting the interplay between measure theory and functional analysis, our work paves the way for further exploration and discovery in these areas, thereby enriching the theoretical landscape and practical applications of these mathematical concepts.
Quasi-Analytical Solution of Kepler’s Equation as an Explicit Function of Time
Authors: Beloiarov A. N. , Beloiarov V. A. , Cruz-Gómez R. C. , Monzón C. O. , Romero J. L.
Published: July 2024

Although Kepler’s laws can be empirically proven by applying Newton’s laws to the dynamics of two particles attracted by gravitational interaction, an explicit formula for the motion as a function of time remains undefined. This paper proposes a quasi-analytical solution to address this challenge. It approximates the real dynamics of celestial bodies with a satisfactory degree of accuracy and minimal computational cost. This problem is closely related to Kepler’s equation, as solving the equations of motion as a function of time also provides a solution to Kepler’s equation. The results are presented for each planet of the solar system, including Pluto, and the solution is compared against real orbits.
Light-Fueled Self-Propulsion of Liquid Crystal Elastomer-Engined Automobiles in Zero-Energy Modes
Authors: Yuan Zongsong , Dai Yuntong , Liu Junxiu , Li Kai
Published: July 2024

The defining attribute of self-excited motion is its capability to extract energy from a stable environment and regulate it autonomously, making it an extremely promising innovation for microdevices, autonomous robotics, sensor technologies, and energy generation. Based on the concept of an automobile, we propose a light-fueled self-propulsion of liquid crystal elastomer-engined automobiles in zero-energy mode. This system utilizes a wheel comprising a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) turntable as an engine, a wheel with conventional material and a linkage. The dynamic behavior of the self-propulsion automobile under steady illumination is analyzed by integrating a nonlinear theoretical model with an established photothermally responsive LCE model. We performed the analysis using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. The numerical findings demonstrate the presence of two separate motion patterns in the automobile system: a static pattern and a self-propulsion pattern. The correlation between the energy input and energy dissipation from damping is essential to sustain the repetitive motion of the system. This study delves deeper into the crucial requirements for initiating self-propulsion and examines the effect of critical system parameters on the motion of the system. The proposed system with zero-energy mode motions has the advantage of a simple structural design, easy control, low friction and stable kinematics, and it is very promising for many future uses, including energy harvesting, monitoring, soft robotics, medical devices, and micro- and nano-devices.
Visual Outcomes in Ectopia Lentis in Marfan Syndrome: A Study of Four Surgical Techniques in Children and Adults
Authors: Dogaroiu Anca Cristina , Dudau Maria , Dogaroiu Catalin , Tataru Calin Petru
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives: To evaluate how the surgical technique and type of implanted intraocular lens influence the postoperative visual acuity and complications in ectopia lentis associated to Marfan syndrome patients. Materials and Methods: The medical records and videos of ectopia lentis surgeries in patients (children and adults) with Marfan syndrome, were retrospectively reviewed and compared. The study included 33 eyes that underwent four different intraocular lens implantation (IOL) techniques: IOL in conjunction with a simple capsular tension ring, IOL in conjunction with a Cionni modified capsular tension ring (m-CTR), two-point scleral IOL fixation and IOL with one haptic in the bag and one haptic sutured to the sclera. Results: Vision significantly improved from a mean preoperative visual acuity of 0.1122 to a mean postoperative visual acuity of 0.4539 in both age groups (p < 0.0001), with no difference in the primary outcome between children and adults. The most common surgical technique used in both age groups was IOL in conjunction with an m-CTR. There was only one major postoperative complication requiring additional surgery. Conclusions: Zonular weakness mainly influenced by age was the most important selection criterion for the surgical approach. Regardless of the technique employed, the postoperative visual acuity was improved in both adults and children.
Quantum Medicine and Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Associated Chronic Low-Back Pain: A Pilot Observational Study on the Clinical and Bio-Psycho-Social Effects of Bioresonance Therapy
Authors: Barassi Giovanni , Pirozzi Giuseppe Alessandro , Di Iorio Angelo , Pellegrino Raffaello , Galasso Piero , Heimes Dietmar , Praitano Barbara , Gallenga Pier Enrico , Prosperi Loris , Moccia Antonio , Panunzio Maurizio
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an invasive and potentially disabling syndrome characterized by a multitude of symptoms capable of reducing the quality of life of patients. Among the most disabling symptoms of IBS is certainly physical pain, which manifests itself mainly at the abdominal level but can also appear in other areas of the body, particularly in the form of chronic low-back pain (CLBP). Among the non-invasive methods of treating organ-specific pathologies and organ-related musculoskeletal problems, the use of Bioresonance Therapy (BT)—based on the administration of self-modulating Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, capable of determining a rebalance of bio-electrical and metabolic activity in the presence of various functional alterations—is currently gaining acceptance. Therefore, we decided to monitor results obtained from patients suffering from IBS and CLBP subjected to a cycle of treatments with BT. Materials and Methods: We monitored 20 patients (12 women and 8 men, average age of 51 years) suffering from CLBP and other visceral symptoms related to IBS. Patients were monitored through the use of the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), the Fecal Calprotectin test and the Short-Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36), collected before (T0) and after (T1) the execution of the cycle of treatments. They undertook a treatment protocol consisting of eight sessions of BT carried out over about a month. Results: At the end of the treatments with BT, it was possible to observe a general and significant improvement in all the parameters observed, as well as a close inversely proportional correlation between the Calprotectin values detected and the quality of life experienced by the patients in relation to their perceived IBS symptoms. Conclusions: Overall, our pilot study would seem to suggest a potential beneficial effect of BT in modulating organic and musculoskeletal symptoms derived from IBS.
Intraoperative and Postoperative Outcomes of Pfannenstiel and Midline Skin Incisions in Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders: Single-Center Experience
Authors: Kandemir Hulya , Kirtis Emine , Bulbul Gul Alkan , Dogan Selen , Mendilcioglu Inanc , Sanhal Cem Yasar , Sakinci Mehmet , Dogan Nasuh Utku
Published: July 2024

Background: We compared Pfannenstiel and midline skin incisions for cesarean hysterectomy in women with confirmed Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders. Aims: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of Pfannenstiel and midline skin incisions in women undergoing cesarean section hysterectomy for suspected placenta accreta at Akdeniz University Hospital between January 2010 and February 2022. Histopathological confirmation was obtained for all cases. Demographic, perioperative, and postoperative data, along with neonatal outcomes, were extracted from the hospital’s electronic database. Possible complaints related to the incision site or other issues (e.g., vaginal dryness or sexual life) were identified through telephone interviews. Subjects were stratified into Pfannenstiel and midline incision cohorts, with subsequent data comparison. Results: Data from 67 women with a histopathologically confirmed PAS diagnosis were analyzed. Of these, 49 (73.1%) underwent Pfannenstiel incision, and 18 (26.9%) had a midline skin incision. Incisions were based on the surgeon’s experience. Pfannenstiel incision was more common in antepartum hemorrhage, preoperative hemorrhage, and emergency surgery (p = 0.02, p = 0.014, p = 0.002, respectively). Hypogastric artery ligation occurred in 30 cases (61.2%) in the Pfannenstiel group but none in the midline group. Cosmetic dissatisfaction and sexual problems were more prevalent in the midline group (p < 0.05, all). Preoperative and postoperative blood parameters, transfused blood products, and neonatal outcomes were similar between the two groups. Conclusions: Relaparotomy, bladder injury, blood loss, and need for blood transfusion were more prevalent in the Pfannenstiel group, while greater dissatisfaction with the incision was observed in the midline incision group. Midline incision seems to be more favorable in patients with Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS). Patients may be informed regarding the worse cosmetic outcomes and possible sexual problems related to vaginal dryness when midline laparotomy is planned. But before opting for a Pfannenstiel incision, patients should receive comprehensive information regarding the potential risks of relaparotomy and bladder injury.
Application of Recycled Ultrafiltration Membranes in an Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor (aMBR): A Validation Study
Authors: Rodríguez-Sáez Laura , Landaburu-Aguirre Junkal , García-Calvo Eloy , Molina Serena
Published: July 2024

A validation study using recycled ultrafiltration membranes (r-UF) on an aerobic membrane bioreactor (aMBR) was conducted for the first time. Four different polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were tested using synthetic urban wastewater (COD 0.4–0.5 g/L) during two experimental periods: (i) recycled ultrafiltration membrane (r-UF) and commercial UF membrane (molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) 150 kDa) (c-150 kDa); (ii) r-UF membrane modified by dip-coating using catechol (CA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) (mr-UF) and c-20 kDa membrane. Permeability, fouling behavior, and permeate quality were evaluated. Extensive membrane characterization was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Permeate quality for r-UF and mr-UF membranes was excellent and comparable to that obtained using commercial membranes under similar conditions. Additionally, r-UF and mr-UF membranes presented a steadier performance time. Additionally, r-UF membrane demonstrated less tendency to be fouled (Rf, m−1) r-UF 7.92 ± 0.57 × 1012; mr-UF 9.90 ± 0.14 × 1012, c-150 kDa 1.56 ± 0.07 × 1013 and c-20 kDa 1.25 ± 0.50 × 1013. The r-UF membrane showed an excellent antibiofouling character. Therefore, r-UF membranes can be successfully implemented for wastewater treatment in aMBR, being a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to commercial membranes that can contribute to overcome membrane fouling and membrane replacement issues.
Application of Cyanobacteria as Chassis Cells in Synthetic Biology
Authors: Liu Xueli , Tang Kaixin , Hu Jinlu
Published: July 2024

Synthetic biology is an exciting new area of research that combines science and engineering to design and build new biological functions and systems. Predictably, with the development of synthetic biology, more efficient and economical photosynthetic microalgae chassis will be successfully constructed, making it possible to break through laboratory research into large-scale industrial applications. The synthesis of a range of biochemicals has been demonstrated in cyanobacteria; however, low product titers are the biggest barrier to the commercialization of cyanobacterial biotechnology. This review summarizes the applied improvement strategies from the perspectives of cyanobacteria chassis cells and synthetic biology. The harvest advantages of cyanobacterial products and the latest progress in improving production strategies are discussed according to the product status. As cyanobacteria synthetic biology is still in its infancy, apart from the achievements made, the difficulties and challenges in the application and development of cyanobacteria genetic tool kits in biochemical synthesis, environmental monitoring, and remediation were assessed.
The Soil Bacterial Community Structure in a Lactarius hatsudake Tanaka Plantation during Harvest
Authors: Shen Airong , Tan Yun , Shen Baoming , Liu Lina , Li Jilie , Tan Zhuming , Zeng Liangbin
Published: July 2024

Lactarius hatsudake Tanaka is a mycorrhizal edible mushroom with an appealing taste and rich nutrition. It is also a significant food and has medicinal value. In this study, the plantation of L. hatsudake during the harvest period was taken as the research object, and this article explores which bacteria in the soil contribute to the production and growth of L. hatsudake. The soil of the control (CK) and the soil of the mushroom-producing area [including the soil of the base of the mushroom (JT) and the mycorrhizal root soil (JG)] was collected in the plantation. The three sites’ bacterial community structure and soil diversity were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology, and a molecular ecological network was built. Soil bacteria in the L. hatsudake plantation had 28 tribes, 74 classes, 161 orders, 264 families, 498 genera, and 546 species. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria, and the dominant genera were Burkholderia_Caballeronia_Paraburkholderia, Acidothermus, Bradyrhizobium, Candidatus_Xiphinematobacter, and Granulicella. The α-diversity of soil bacteria in JT was significantly lower than that in JG and CK, and the β-diversity in JT samples was significantly different from that in JG and CK samples. The size and complexity of the constructed network were smaller in JT samples than in JG and CK samples, and the stability was higher in JT samples than in JG and CK samples. The positive correlation between species in JT samples was dominant. The potential mycorrhizal helper bacteria (MHB) species of L. hatsudake was determined using correlation and differential group analysis. The results support future research on mycorrhizal synthesis, plantation management, and the function of microorganisms in the soil rhizosphere of L. hatsudake.
Selection and Mechanism Study of Q-Markers for Xanthocerais lignum Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Serum Spectrum–Effect Correlation Analysis
Authors: Qian Hao , Su Lei , Yang Yaqiong , Tian Xiangyang , Dai Qingge , Meng Fantao , Wang Xiaoqin
Published: July 2024

Objective: To elucidate the chemical profile of Xanthocerais lignum’s extracts of different polarities and their impact on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we identified anti-RA markers and predicted their action mechanisms. Methods: A collagen-induced arthritis rat model was established, and UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS technology was employed to analyze and identify the chemical constituents within the alcohol extract of Xanthocerais lignum and its various extraction fractions, as well as their translocation into the bloodstream. Serum spectrum–effect correlation analysis was utilized to elucidate the pharmacodynamic material basis of Xanthocerais lignum against RA and to screen for Q-Markers. Finally, the potential anti-RA mechanisms of the Q-Markers were predicted through compound-target interaction data and validated using molecular docking techniques. Results: We identified 71 compounds, with flavan-3-ols and flavanones as key components. Of these, 36 were detected in the bloodstream, including 17 original and 19 metabolized forms. Proanthocyanidin A2, dihydroquercetin, catechin, and epicatechin (plus glucuronides) showed potential anti-RA activity. These compounds, acting as Q-Markers, may modulate ERK, NF-κB, HIF-1α, and VEGF in the HIF-1 pathway. Conclusions: This research clarifies Xanthocerais lignum’s pharmacodynamic material basis against RA, identifies 4 Q-Markers, and offers insights into their mechanisms, aiding quality assessment and lead compound development for RA treatment.
The Impact of Beeswax and Glycerol Monolaurate on Camellia Oil Oleogel’s Formulation and Application in Food Products
Authors: Wei Xingchen , Xia Ronghui , Wei Chenxi , Shang Longchen , An Jianhui , Deng Lingli
Published: July 2024

This study assessed the nutritional profile of camellia oil through its fatty acid composition, highlighting its high oleic acid content (81.4%), followed by linoleic (7.99%) and palmitic acids (7.74%), demonstrating its excellence as an edible oil source. The impact of beeswax (BW) and glycerol monolaurate (GML) on camellia oil oleogels was investigated, revealing that increasing BW or GML concentrations enhanced hardness and springiness, with 10% BW oleogel exhibiting the highest hardness and springiness. FTIR results suggested that the structure of the oleogels was formed by interactions between molecules without altering the chemical composition. In biscuits, 10% BW oleogel provided superior crispness, expansion ratio, texture, and taste, whereas GML imparted a distinct odor. In sausages, no significant differences were observed in color, water retention, and pH between the control and replacement groups; however, the BW group scored higher than the GML group in the sensory evaluation. The findings suggest that the BW oleogel is an effective fat substitute in biscuits and sausages, promoting the application of camellia oil in food products.
One-Pot Preparation of Layered Double Hydroxide-Engineered Boric Acid Root and Application in Wastewater
Authors: Zhang Fengrong , Zhang Cuilan , Zhang Kaixuan , Wu Lishun , Han Dandan
Published: July 2024

Heavy metals and organic pollutants are prevalent in water bodies, causing great damage to the environment and human beings. Hence, it is urgent to develop a kind of adsorbent with good performance. Anion interlacing layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a promising adsorbent for the sustainable removal of heavy metal ions and dyes from wastewater. Using aluminum chloride, zinc chloride and ammonium pentaborate tetrahydrate (NH4B5O8 · 4H2O, BA) as raw materials, the LDHs complex (BA-LDHs) of B5O8− intercalation was prepared by one-step hydrothermal method. The BA-LDHs samples were characterized by a X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The results showed that B5O8- was successfully intercalated. Adsorption experimental results suggested that BA-LDHs possess a maximum adsorption capacity of 18.7, 57.5, 70.2, and 3.12 mg·g−1 for Cd(II), Cu(II), Cr(VI) and Methylene blue (MB) at Cs = 2 g·L−1, respectively. The adsorption experiment conforms to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models, and the kinetic adsorption data are well fitted by the pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic equation. The as-prepared BA-LDHs have potential application prospects in the removal of heavy metals and dyes in wastewater. More importantly, they also provide a strategy for preparing selective adsorbents.
Determination of Aminoglycosides by Ion-Pair Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection: Application to Pharmaceutical Formulations and Human Serum Samples
Authors: Herrero-Hernández Eliseo , García-Gómez Diego , Ramírez Pérez Irene , Rodríguez-Gonzalo Encarnación , Pérez Pavón José
Published: July 2024

Aminoglycosides (AGs) represent a prominent class of antibiotics widely employed for the treatment of various bacterial infections. Their widespread use has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, highlighting the need for analytical methods that allow the simple and reliable determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples. In this study, a simple, robust and easy-to-use analytical method for the simultaneous determination of five common aminoglycosides was developed with the aim to be widely applicable in routine laboratories. With this purpose, different approaches based on liquid chromatography with direct UV spectrophotometric detection methods were investigated: on the one hand, the use of stationary phases based on hydrophilic interactions (HILIC); on the other hand, the use of reversed-phases in the presence of an ion-pairing reagent (IP-LC). The results obtained by HILIC did not allow for an effective separation of aminoglycosides suitable for subsequent spectrophotometric UV detection. However, the use of IP-LC with a C18 stationary phase and a mobile phase based on tetraborate buffer at pH 9.0 in the presence of octanesulfonate, as an ion-pair reagent, provided adequate separation for all five aminoglycosides while facilitating the use of UV spectrophotometric detection. The method thus developed, IP-LC-UV, was optimized and applied to the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations with two or more aminoglycosides. Furthermore, it is demonstrated here that this methodology is also suitable for more complex matrices, such as serum, which expands its field of application to therapeutic drug monitoring, which is crucial for aminoglycosides, with a therapeutic index ca. 50%.
The Use of Polysaccharide AOP30 from the Rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance to Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Inflammation via the TLR4/NfκB Signaling Pathway in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers
Authors: Jia Xuejing , Huang Yun , Liu Guanghuo , Li Zipeng , Tan Qiwei , Zhong Saiyi
Published: July 2024

Alpinia officinarum Hance is rich in carbohydrates and is flavored by natives. The polysaccharide fraction 30 is purified from the rhizome of A. officinarum Hance (AOP30) and shows excellent immunoregulatory ability when administered to regulate immunity. However, the effect of AOP30 on the intestinal epithelial barrier is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of AOP30 on the intestinal epithelial barrier using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction model and further explore its underlying mechanisms. Cytotoxicity, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values, and Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–dextran flux are measured. Simultaneously, the protein and mRNA levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins, including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, and Claudin-1, are determined using Western blotting and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods, respectively. The results indicate that AOP30 restores the LPS-induced decrease in the TEER value and cell viability. Furthermore, it increases the mRNA and protein expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1. Notably, ZO-1 is the primary tight junction protein altered in response to LPS-induced intestinal epithelial dysfunction. Additionally, AOP30 downregulates the production of TNFα via the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathway. Collectively, the findings of this study indicate that AOP30 can be developed as a functional food ingredient or natural therapeutic agent for addressing intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. It sheds light on the role of AOP30 in improving intestinal epithelial function.
Dietary Iodine Intake and Sources among Residents in Zhejiang Province 10 Years after Reducing Iodine Concentration in Iodized Salt
Authors: He Jiaxin , Huang Lichun , Liu Chenyang , Mo Zhe , Su Danting , Gu Simeng , Guo Fanjia , Wang Yuanyang , Chen Zhijian , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhang Ronghua , Lou Xiaoming , Mao Guangming
Published: July 2024

We aimed to assess dietary iodine intake and sources in Zhejiang Province a decade after a reduction in iodine concentration in iodized salt. Three-day 24 h dietary recall and household weighing were used, complemented by “Chinese Food Composition” data. Household water and salt samples were collected from 5890 residents and analyzed. Differences in iodized salt consumption rates were observed across the following regions: inland (84.20%), subcoastal (67.80%), and coastal (37.00%) areas. The median (P25, P75) iodine concentration in water and diet were 2.2 (0.9, 4.0) μg/L and 142.05 (58.94, 237.11) μg/d, respectively, with significant regional differences in dietary concentration (inland [185.61 μg/d], subcoastal [153.42 μg/d], and coastal [75.66 μg/d]). Males (149.99 μg/d) and iodized salt consumers (191.98 μg/d) had a significantly higher dietary iodine intake than their counterparts. Regions were ranked as follows based on the proportions of individuals meeting the recommended dietary iodine intake: inland (69.40%), subcoastal (56.50%), and coastal (34.10%) areas. Dietary sources included salt (48.54%), other foods (32.06%), drinking water (8.84%), laver (4.82%), kelp (3.02%), and other seafood (2.32%). The qualified iodized salt consumption rate was significantly lower than the national standard. Zhejiang Province should continue implementing measures to control iodine deficiency through salt iodization, education efforts, and increasing the qualified iodized salt consumption rate.
The Perizonium Ultrastructure, Divided Apical Pore Fields, Various Pore Occlusions and Visible Intermissio of Cymbella (Bacillariophyceae) with Descriptions of Four New Species
Authors: Yang Bin , Liu Bing , Blanco Saúl , Rioual Patrick
Published: July 2024

The initial valves of two Cymbella species are observed under a scanning electron microscope, and the perizonium ultrastructure of Cymbella is revealed for the first time. The perizonium is composed of alternate nodes and internodes and lacks transverse perizonium bands. Four new species, Cymbella apiculatophora sp. nov., C. hunanensis sp. nov., C. juglandis sp. nov. and C. menyuanensis sp. nov., are described using light and scanning electron microscopy based on epilithon samples collected from rivers in Hunan and Qinghai Provinces, China. Cymbella menyuanensis is a typical Cymbella species that closely resembles species in the group around C. cymbiformis Agardh, the type species of the genus. Cymbella apiculatophora is similar to C. sinensis Metzeltin & Krammer, while Cymbella hunanensis is closer to the C. hustedtii Krasske group. The last species, C. juglandis, has a cymbelloid valve outline, an obscured intermissio, internal occlusions of the areolae, dorsally deflected distal raphe fissures and a divided apical pore field at each apex, and it does not appear to belong to any group. In addition, new observations on C. cf. excisiformis Krammer and C. hustedtii are reported. The current concept of the genus Cymbella does not represent a monophyletic group as shown by molecular phylogenetic analyses. However, these analyses are still at the preliminary stage and are not yet sufficient to support a complete revision of the genus. Thus, although extremely diverse ultrastructural features are observed in the six Cymbella species investigated in this paper, we prefer to keep them within Cymbella at this moment for the sake of nomenclatural stability.