bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myointimoma Of The Penis: Review And Update
Authors: Kodzo-grey Venyo Anthony
Published: February 2025

Myointimoma, which is also referred to angiocentric myofibroblastic tumour, is an uncommon benign soft tissue neoplasm which is derived from intimal cells of the vascular spaces of the corpora cavernosa of the penis, histologically typified by multinodular/plexiform myofibroblastic proliferation within the vascular spaces of cavernous bodies of the penis. Myointimoma could afflict children as well as adult males and it does tend to present as a lump or mass upon the penis that had been noticed recently over a few weeks and which recently had been increasing in size or getting larger within the glans penis. Generally, patients who are afflicted by myointimoma tend to be asymptomatic apart from having noticed a lump in the penis. Diagnosis of myointimoma can be confirmed via pathology examination and immunohistochemistry staining studies and molecular and cytogenetics studies of biopsy specimens or excised specimens of the penile tumour. Total excision alone is stated to be sufficient for the management of myointimoma of the glans penis in view of the fact that the tumour tends to portend a benign indolent cause. Less than 30 cases of myointimoma of the penis had so far been reported in the global literature and for this reason, it would be envisaged that most clinicians in the world have never encountered a case of myointimoma of the penis before and they would tend not to be familiar with the presentation, diagnostic features, treatment, and outcome of the tumour ensuing its treatment. The important thing that needs to be appreciated is the fact that myointimoma of the penis which mimics more common lesions of the penis does require careful pathology examination and a high-index of suspicion by the clinician and the pathologist in order to differentiate myointimoma of the penis from its simulants including: plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumour of penis, epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of penis, myofibroma of the penis, intravascular fasciitis of penis, nerve sheath tumour of penis, leiomyoma of penis as well as various other types of lesions afflicting the penis.
Presbyopia Cure Research progress: An Educational Article and expert Opinion
Authors: Jalal Al-Mosawi Aamir
Published: February 2025

Presbyopia, commonly known as "old man's eye disease," is a condition that leads to difficulty seeing near objects due to changes in the eye's lens. Historical explanations date back to Aristotle, with significant contributions from figures like René Descartes and Ernst Brücke, who helped identify the ciliary muscle's role in accommodation. Benjamin Franklin devised the first bifocals in the 1780s as a solution for presbyopia. In the 19th century, advancements included the development of eye charts by Heinrich Kuechler and Eduard Jaeger for assessing near vision. Hermann von Helmholtz later explained that presbyopia results from the loss of lens elasticity due to aging. Presbyopia, an age-related decline in near vision, has driven the search for effective and convenient pharmaceutical therapies. Topical parasympathomimetic agents, particularly pilocarpine, have emerged as promising treatments for this condition. The aim of this paper is to provide an understanding and an overview of presbyopia research progress. Pilocarpine has been shown to effectively improve near vision in presbyopic patients. Early studies demonstrated its potential for inducing accommodative changes in the lens. Subsequent research confirmed that pilocarpine combined with diclofenac or phenylephrine can enhance near vision while maintaining distance vision and minimizing side effects. More recent studies affirmed that pilocarpine 0.4% improves near vision with a good safety profile. Additionally, investigations into lipoic acid choline ester suggest new avenues for improving lens elasticity and treating presbyopia.

Conclusion: Topical pharmacologic treatments, especially those involving pilocarpine, represent a significant advancement in managing presbyopia. Current evidence supports the effectiveness of these therapies in improving near vision without severely affecting distance vision. The combination of pilocarpine with other agents like diclofenac or phenylephrine has demonstrated both efficacy and safety. Ongoing research into new compounds and formulations, such as lipoic acid, holds promise for future developments in presbyopia treatment. Further studies are needed to refine these therapies, address side effects, and optimize treatment protocols.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum Associated with Multiple Myeloma: a Paraneoplastic Syndrome or Paradoxical Skin Reaction
Authors: Akarsu Sevgi
Published: February 2025

The aim of this perspective article is to discuss the pathogenesis and treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG), which can be seen as a paraneoplastic and/or drug-induced skin disorder in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). PG, a rare inflammatory neutrophilic dermatosis, may be idiopathic or associated with hematological malignancies at a rate of 3.9-45.6%. Among hematological malignancies, plasma cell dyscrasias (mostly IgA gammopathy) such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and MM are the most frequently associated with PG. It is necessary to suspect and take place further investigations in terms of hematological malignancies including MM in cases of multifocal and recalcitrant ulcerative PG. Although conventional treatment in PG includes the use of immunosuppressive agents, PG may also occur in the presence of immunosuppression. Therefore, it should also be kept in mind that PG lesions may develop paradoxically when administering anti-myeloma treatments.
Investigating the Effect of Phthalate Esters – Dimethyl Phthalate and Diethyl Phthalate (EDCs) in Waste Plastic Materials and Used Engine Oil
Authors: Aminu H.
Published: February 2025

The increasing environmental presence of phthalate esters, particularly Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP) and Diethyl Phthalate (DEP), derived from waste plastic materials and used engine oil, has raised concerns about their potential health effects. This study investigates the routes of exposure, bio-metabolism, and toxicological impact of DMP and DEP, focusing on their endocrine-disrupting properties. Phthalates are semi-volatile organic compounds used in a variety of consumer products, leading to widespread human exposure via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. These compounds have been found to leach into food, water, and personal care products, making exposure nearly inevitable. Once absorbed, DMP and DEP are rapidly metabolized and excreted, yet their disruption of hormone signalling pathways poses significant health risks, particularly to the reproductive systems of both males and females. The study highlights adverse reproductive effects, including reduced sperm quality, hormonal imbalances, and ovarian dysfunction, and emphasizes the teratogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with prenatal and chronic exposure. Furthermore, phthalates have been linked to developmental abnormalities, neurotoxicity, and a higher incidence of certain cancers. As DMP and DEP are commonly detected in the environment and human tissues, this research underscores the need for stringent regulatory measures and further investigation into their long-term health impacts.
Obstetrics And Gynecology In The Reflection Phaleristics
Authors: Anatolyevich Bugaevsky Konstantin
Published: February 2025

This article presents collections of various commemorative medals, thematically dedicated to both obstetrics and gynecology, as well as famous doctors and scientists, obstetricians and gynecologists. The article presents the results of a study on the representation of the history of the formation and development of both obstetrics and gynecology, as well as a number of famous doctors, scientists, obstetricians, gynecologists and anatomists of different periods of time, on commemorative medals and coins. Interesting informative and illustrative material is presented in the form of screenshot copies of found thematic, numismatic materials on obstetrics and gynecology. The article is of interest to doctors, medical workers of different fields, as well as to students and historians of medicine, collectors and a wide range of readers.
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN KETERAMPILAN PETANI TERHADAP PADI (Oryza Sativa L) VARIETAS INPARI 32 DI DESA TELUK DAUN KECAMATAN AMUNTAI UTARA KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI UTARA
Authors: Wijayanto Budi , Jurkani Jurkani , Sumaryanto Sumaryanto
Published: February 2025

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan petani terhadap padi varietas inpari 32. Metode pengumpulan data dengan metode deskriptif adalah proses mengumpulkan dan mengukur informasi tentang variabel-variabel yang diteliti dengan cara sistematis yang memungkinkan seseorang untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang ditanyakan, dalam metode pengumpulan data kuantitatif dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara diantaranya, kuisioner, wawancara dan, dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada indikator aspek pengetahuan petani dalam penggunaan padi varietas inpari 32 berdasarkan indikator dengan rata-rata persentase 58,45% termasuk dalam ketegori sedang. Sikap petani dalam penggunaan padi varietas inpari 32 berdasarkan indikator dengan rata-rata persentase 78,33% termasuk dalam ketegori tinggi. Keterampilan petani dalam penggunaan padi varietas inpari 32 berdasarkan indikator dengan rata-rata persentase 75,83% termasuk dalam ketegori sedang. Desain pemberdayaan pada kajian ini Skor rata-rata pre test adalah sebesar 55.19% dan setelah penyuluhan skor rata-rata petani menjadi 90,12%. Secara keseluruhan sasaran mengalami peningkatan setelah penyuluhan sebesar 34,94% dari hasil pre test dan post test yang diperoleh.Kata Kunci : Inpari 32; Keterampilan; Pengetahuan; Sikap
DAYA TETAS TELUR DAN TINGKAT KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP PADA BENIH IKAN MANFISH (Pterophyllum scalare) DI BPBAT MANDIANGIN
Authors: Eliyana Widya , Herlina Sri , Darmono Darmono
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the level of corn farmers' participation in agricultural extension programs and the factors influencing it in the Porehu District. Employing a survey method with a descriptive analysis approach and a quantitative paradigm, the study involved 112 corn farmers as respondents. The results indicate that internal factors such as age, education, farming experience, income, and family dependents significantly impact farmers' participation in extension activities. Additionally, external factors including farmers' motivation, perception of extension, support for infrastructure, support from extension agents, and social environment support also significantly affect farmers' participation. These findings highlight the need to develop more effective and inclusive extension strategies and strengthen collaboration among the government, agricultural extension agents, farmer organizations, and other relevant stakeholders. Such efforts are expected to enhance farmer participation and the success of agricultural extension programs, ultimately positively impacting agricultural productivity and farmers' well-being.
ANALISIS HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI PADI SAWAH (Oryza sativa L.) DI DESA TERAS BARU KECAMATAN TANJUNG PALAS KABUPATEN BULUNGAN
Authors: Mursidah Mursidah , Marselly Jesisca
Published: February 2025

Tujuan penelitian adalah mengnalisis harga pokok produksi usahatani padi sawah   di Desa Teras Baru  Kecamatan Tanjung Palas Kabupaten Bulungan Kalimantan Utara.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Teras Baru Kecamatan Tanjung Palas Kabupaten Bulungan Kalimantan Utara. Penelitian dimulai pada bulan Februari 2023 sampai dengan bulan Oktober 2023. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis full costing. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan metode full costing menghasilkan harga pokok produksi usahatani padi sawah di Desa Teras Baru pada 2022 sebesar sebesar Rp7.660,52,- kg-1 beras. Harga pokok produksi usahatani padi sawah di Desa Teras Baru dengan metode full costing berada di bawah harga jual beras di Desa Teras Baru, rata-rata harga jual beras di Desa Teras Baru adalah Rp16.500,00,- kg-1 beras. sehingga berdasarkan hasil analisis harga pokok produksi usahatani padi sawah di Desa Teras Baru menguntungkan bagi petani.
PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN HERBAL UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS KESEHATAN TERNAK KERBAU DI KECAMATAN SIJUNJUNG
Authors: Putri Yusnelly Marita , Elisia Rini
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengaetahui sebaran populasi ternak kerbau di Kecamatan Sijunjung, untuk mengetahui tanaman lokal yang dipergunakan untuk peningkatan produktivitas dan kesehatan ternak kerbau di Kecamatan Sijunjung.  Penelitian ini ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Sijunjung Kabupaten Sijunjung Provinsi Sumatra Barat. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peternak kerbau di Kecamatan Sijunjung sebanyak 130 orang peternak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sensus , dengan mengempulkan informai dari semua peternak kerbau di Kecamatan Sijunjung, menggunakan kuesioner yang terstruktur sebagai alat pengumpulan data untuk mendapatkan informasi yang spesifik. Adapun data yang dipakai adalah data primer dan sekunder. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk mengukur pemanfaatan tanaman herbal adalah analisis statistik deskriptif  berupa tabulasi ( persentase dan angka ). Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini adalah sebaran populasi ternak kerbau , SDM peternak dan pemanfaatan tanaman herbal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebaran populasi ternak kerbau di Kecamatan Sijunjung Kabupaten Sijunjung adalah berdasarkan jenis kelamin kerbau jantan sebanyak 183 ekor dan kerbau betina sebanyak 631 ekor. Pada penelitian ini studi literatur dipergunakan untuk mengetahui nama ilmiah/latin dan untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimianya. Data dianalisis secara deskripstif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tercatat ada 12 madicanal herbs yang dipakai oleh peternak, tanaman tersebut masuk dalam 12 genus dan 12 famili.
PEMETAAN PENELITIAN SEPUTAR KESETARAAN GENDER PADA PERTANIAN: STUDI BIBLIOMETRIK VOSVIEWER DAN LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Putri Mitha Octaviani , Aulia Adinda , Syahrizal Azwin
Published: February 2025

This study investigates gender equality in agriculture using bibliometric analysis and literature review methods. A total of 54 articles indexed in SINTA (2014–2024) were analyzed using VOSviewer software to visualize collaboration networks, thematic trends, and publication patterns. Bibliometric metrics, including H-index, G-index, and citation counts, were calculated using Publish or Perish software. The findings reveal persistent gender inequality in agriculture, reflected in uneven labor distribution, decision-making biases, and limited access to resources for women. Women's significant contributions often remain underrecognized. By combining quantitative bibliometric analysis with qualitative insights from literature, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of gender issues in agriculture and offers evidence-based recommendations for developing inclusive, gender-sensitive policies to foster sustainability and equity in the agricultural sector.
PENGARUH PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI TERHADAP TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI PADA GAPOKTAN SUMBER SARI DI DESA LOH SUMBER
Authors: Firdausa Ummi Sauqinna , Damayanti Arista , Rahmawati Eka
Published: February 2025

Pemberdayaan petani merupakan proses peningkatan kapasitas individu atau kelompok petani agar dapat mengelola sumber daya pertanian secara efektif dan mandiri untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan mereka. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pemberdayaan petani yang efektif harus mempertimbangkan berbagai aspek untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani secara holistik. Pemberdayaan petani diukur melalui tiga aspek, yakni aspek penyadaran, pengkapasitasan, dan pendayaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberdayaan petani terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan petani di Gabungan Kelompok Tani Sumber Sari, Desa Loh Sumber. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi berganda dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS Ver.29. Data yang digunakan merupakan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui survei kuesioner secara langsung melalui observasi, wawancara, kepustakaan dan dokumentasi yang ditujukan langsung ke 85 sampel responden dengan menggunakan teknik Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspek penyadaran, pengkapasitasan, dan pendayaan secara parsial maupun simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan petani.  Koefisien determinasi menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen mampu menjelaskan variabilitas tingkat kesejahteraan petani dengan baik. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa jika ketiga aspek pemberdayaan petani ditingkatkan maka akan mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani Gapoktan Sumber Sari di Desa Loh Sumber.
A Holistic Review on Applications of Different Grades of Polyethylene oxide in Pharmaceutical Formulation Development
Authors: Kumar Das Dinesh , Kumar Anjan , Patra Ch Niranjan
Published: February 2025

Polyethylene oxide (PEO) is a multifaceted polymer with extensive applications in pharmaceutical product development. This review highlights its significant roles in various drug delivery systems. In hydrogels, PEO’s hydrophilicity and gel-forming capabilities enhance drug stability and controlled release. Osmotic pumps benefit from PEO’s ability to regulate osmotic pressure and drug solubility, ensuring precise and consistent drug delivery. PEO’s mucoadhesive properties improve drug retention and bioavailability in mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, providing sustained therapeutic effects. In gastro-retentive drug delivery systems, PEO prolongs gastric residence time, enhancing the bioavailability of drugs absorbed primarily in the stomach. Finally, PEO’s thermoplastic properties make it an essential component in hot melt extrusion processes, facilitating the formation of homogenous drug-polymer matrices and improving the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Overall, PEO’s versatility and effectiveness across these applications underscore its critical role in advancing pharmaceutical formulations and optimizing therapeutic outcomes.
ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНА ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ АНАЛІЗУ ТЕМПОРАЛЬНОЇ УПОРЯДКОВАНОСТІ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ СТРУКТУРНО-ЛОГІЧНОЇ СХЕМИ ОСВІТНЬОЇ ПРОГРАМИ
Authors: БІЛЕЦЬКИЙ Богдан , МОКІН Віталій
Published: February 2025

У статті представлено інтелектуальну технологію, яка дає змогу автоматизовано аналізувати освітні компоненти освітньої програми вищої освіти й визначати логічну послідовність їхнього викладання на основі структурування ключових понять та процесів життєвого циклу. Технологія спирається на сучасні інтелектуальні методи оброблення природної мови (NLP), зокрема із залученням великих мовних моделей (LLM), що дає змогу ідентифікувати та класифікувати порядок дисципліни в освітньому процесі відповідно до їхнього змісту. Підхід складається з 4 етапів. Спершу виконується підготовка даних, що містить відбір освітніх компонентів, релевантних визначеним спеціальним компетентностям і програмним результатам навчання. Далі в описі тем робочих програм цих компонентів виявляються ключові слова, згруповані по ключових поняттях. На третьому етапі визначаються слова, які відображають дії та процеси, що стосуються ключових понять. На останньому етапі використовується передтренована класифікаційна інтелектуальна модель, що здатна визначати етап багатостадійного процесу викладення, до якого варто віднести дисципліну (компонент) в освітньому процесі. Експериментальне застосування розробленої технології для реальної бакалаврської освітньої програми з інформаційних систем та технологій засвідчило високу результативність методу: ідентифіковано 367 ключових слів, які згруповані по 30 ключових поняттях, що охоплюють різні аспекти навчальних курсів. Розроблено тренувальний датасет для поняття “програмний продукт”, на якому за допомогою алгоритму градієнтного бустингу досягнуто точність класифікації (accuracy) для тристадійного процесу (тріад) на рівні 85–87%. Створена передтренована модель була успішно використана для розроблення рекомендацій для освітньої програми, яка аналізувалась. Практична цінність полягає у можливості впровадження даної технології для аналізу структурно-логічних схем, прискорюючи аналіз та підвищуючи якість розроблення та періодичного оновлення освітніх програм. У перспективі планується розширити методи оброблення великих текстових корпусів, вдосконалити класифікаційні алгоритми й протестувати підхід на суміжних галузях знань, щоб сформувати універсальний інструмент для систематизації навчального процесу.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ПОЛОЖЕННЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ МОТИВАЦІЇ ПРАЦІ ПЕРСОНАЛУ В ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: МАРГАСОВА Вікторія , КРАВЧИК Юрій
Published: February 2025

The article examines the issue of ensuring the effective functioning and development of higher education institutions in Ukraine. In the focus of attention are the issues of strengthening the motivation of the staff of higher education institutions. The purpose of the study is to develop conceptual provisions for the formation of a system of motivation for the personnel of domestic institutions of higher education. It has been proven that the development of Ukrainian higher education institutions is directly dependent on and determined by the quality and efficient work of their staff. In turn, selfless work is determined by its good motivation, and not only material, but also sometimes to a greater extent non-material nature, stimulation and support. It is shown that during the formation of their own personnel motivation management systems, the management of a higher education institution must clearly understand the specifics of the motivation and stimulation of the work of personnel directly in the field and in higher education institutions. Their identification involves a deep disclosure and understanding of specifics in terms of material, non-material and directly deep level personal motivation of scientific and pedagogical personnel and workers. Contributing factors and obstacles that weaken motivation and create a negative attitude towards the work of staff in higher education institutions have been identified. It is indicated that effective work on ensuring a good level of labor stimulation for the staff of domestic institutions of higher education should be implemented according to a clearly defined scenario, consisting of the following areas of increasing the quality and efficiency of work, as an increase in the level of pedagogical skills, the development of scientific activity and self-improvement, the contribution of teachers to the accreditation process, positive actions of the staff in terms of improving the prerequisites for the development of the institution of higher education, its popularization in the professional and social environment.
ЕКОНОМІЧНІ РИЗИКИ ХАРЧОВОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ
Authors: ЛАГОДІЄНКО Володимир , НІКОЛЮК Олена , САВЧЕНКО Тетяна
Published: February 2025

Харчова промисловість є однією з найважливіших галузей економіки України, забезпечуючи продовольчу безпеку, створення робочих місць, а також значну частку валютних надходжень від експорту. Однак у сучасних умовах глобальних викликів галузь стикається з численними ризиками, які впливають на її стійкість і конкурентоспроможність. У цій статті проведено всебічний аналіз ключових економічних ризиків харчової промисловості України, обумовлених як внутрішніми, так і зовнішніми факторами, що визначають її розвиток. Однією з найбільших загроз є вплив кліматичних змін, що спричиняють аномальні погодні явища, зокрема засухи, повені та температурні коливання, які безпосередньо впливають на врожайність сільськогосподарських культур – основної сировини для харчової промисловості. Це, у свою чергу, призводить до нестабільності сировинних поставок і зростання виробничих витрат підприємств. Ще одним важливим викликом є геополітична нестабільність, зокрема військові дії на території України, що спричиняють руйнування виробничих потужностей, ускладнення логістики та втрату доступу до традиційних експортних ринків через блокування портів і введення торговельних обмежень. Енергетична криза, що виявляється у підвищенні вартості енергоносіїв, нерегулярності їх постачання та залежності від імпорту, також суттєво впливає на галузь. Зростання собівартості виробництва через високі ціни на енергію знижує конкурентоспроможність продукції як на внутрішньому, так і на зовнішньому ринках. Крім того, пандемія COVID-19 створила додаткові ризики, зокрема через порушення ланцюгів постачання, зниження купівельної спроможності населення та обмеження у функціонуванні підприємств, що особливо негативно вплинуло на малі та середні підприємства. Ще одним критично важливим фактором є залежність харчової промисловості України від зовнішніх ринків, оскільки значна частина продукції експортується. Це робить галузь вразливою до коливань на світових ринках, змін у попиті та пропозиції, валютних ризиків і міжнародної конкуренції. Така залежність ускладнює довгострокове планування та знижує стійкість галузі до глобальних економічних змін. У статті запропоновано низку заходів для мінімізації вказаних ризиків і забезпечення сталого розвитку галузі. Серед них особливе місце займає диверсифікація ринків збуту, що дозволить зменшити залежність від традиційних ринків і розширити географію експорту, зокрема на ринки Азії, Африки та Латинської Америки.
Nuclear Clay
Authors: Stsiapanau Andrei
Published: February 2025

Amidst a period marked by growing volumes of nuclear waste and ongoing discussions regarding its management, technologies that utilise natural materials for containment are gaining prominence. This article takes a historical view of Russian nuclear waste management practices with a focus on the role of clay as a natural material for containing nuclear waste. In particular, it explores the use of clay in multi-barrier technology, highlighting its dual role as a protective layer and a resource for managing nuclear safety risks. The siting of the liquid nuclear waste disposal at the Ignalina NPP site in Lithuania (1976–1980) and of solid nuclear waste disposal at Leningrad NPP in Sosnovy Bor, Russia (2013–2018) are the main foci of this article. These cases contribute to understanding nuclear waste disposal siting in the USSR and modern Russia and enable analysis of nuclear waste discourses describing the sites’ geology as a static or dynamic environment within active or passive safety systems.
An Experimentally study of the effect of hot water flow rate on solar collector systems
Authors:   Salahaddin University-Erbil, Mohammed Azhar , Weli Rizgar
Published: February 2025

Solar power is an appealing green energy source. Domestic hot water represents the second-largest consumption of household electricity. The most straightforward application of solar energy is converting it into useful heat, particularly for water heating systems. The flat plate collector is the most common device for this conversion. This paper details the design and experimental analysis of the flow rate within the collector of a natural circulation solar water heater, which was constructed and tested in Erbil, Iraq, at a latitude of 36 degrees. The collector is placed towards the south with a tilt angle of 45o with the horizontal. The results indicate that the system's performance is highly dependent on the collector's flow rate and the incident solar radiation. The maximum flow rate within the system due to natural circulation is approximately 0.207 litres per minute per square meter. During the cold season, the highest water temperature from the header pipes ranges between 50 to 56°C; in the hot season, it reaches about 80 to 90°C. Energy savings for February, March, and April are 326.6 MJ, 277.2 MJ, and 252 MJ, respectively.
The Moral Ambiguity of the AI Consciousness Debate
Authors: Wasserziehr Jan Henrik
Published: February 2025

In this paper, I review the recent debate on the prospect of AI consciousness and assess its ethical relevance. Intuitively, when a being is conscious, this is sufficient to ground its non-derivative moral status. However, the semantic content of consciousness is ambiguous, particularly when attributed to non-biotic entities. Standard ethical accounts concerning the moral status of sentient beings presuppose affective or valenced consciousness. Yet, recent speculations about artificial consciousness have largely been driven by considerations of cognitive architecture, often neglecting the affective aspect of subjective experience. Crucially, no persuasive narrative currently exists about how valenced states may emerge in artificial systems. This significantly reduces the ethical relevance of current AI consciousness claims. As ethicists, we are well-advised to treat such claims with care, demanding precision and rigor when consciousness is attributed to artificial systems. This involves developing logically coherent claims about the emergence of artificial valence.
Ethical Perspectives on Natural Autonomy and Artificial Autonomy
Authors: Beghili Meriem , Chetouani Mohamed , Barberousse Anouk
Published: February 2025

Autonomy is the ability to act, decide and govern oneself independently. From the individual sphere to social dynamics, autonomy appears as a common thread that guides our choices. Traditionally confined to human beings, the concept has expanded to include Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. The same terminology is therefore used to designate two different types of autonomy. How can we define and differentiate between them? On the other hand, what brings them together and justifies the use of the same term? In this paper, we explore the essence of autonomy in Section 1 and its traditional philosophical definitions, as well as its applications in biomedical ethics. We call it natural autonomy. In Section 2, we define artificial autonomy by explaining what an autonomous system is, and by giving examples to illustrate our statement. Finally in Section 3, we compare these two forms of autonomy.
Me and My Friend, The Robot: On Recognising Our (Apparent) Mutual Love
Authors: Hornsby Ruby
Published: February 2025

I argue that robots that currently exist cannot be friends with humans. This is because human-robot interaction (HRI) fails to satisfy at least one necessary condition of neo-Aristotelian friendship – which I call the ‘Mutual Recognition Condition’. This condition stipulates that for any two agents, A and B, to be in a relationship of friendship, it must be the case that A recognises B’s (apparent) love, and B recognises A’s (apparent) love. The paper begins by motivating and exploring the mutual recognition condition more generally, by appealing to depictions of human-human friendship in film. Next, it examines the methods by which a human can recognise (apparent) love, outlining two possible methodologies: ‘Symbol reading’ and ‘Mind-reading’. The former involves perceiving symbols of love and inferring that those symbols are indicative of love. The second, ‘mind-reading’, attempts to explain how we can come to represent others’ mental states, such as love, more generally. Here, I argue that humans can use both methods to recognise the (apparent) love of a robot. I then consider whether a robot can recognise that it is (apparently) loved by a human. I argue that robots cannot mindread (because they don’t have minds to mindread with), nor can they meaningfully recognise symbols of love. As such, HRI cannot satisfy the mutual recognition condition for friendship. In short, humans and robots are not friends.
Is It Wrong to Kick Kickable? Sociomorphing and Robotic Affordance Mixtures for Differentiation in Moral Status
Authors: Formánek Arzu
Published: February 2025

“The novel capacities of multimodal generative AI suddenly bring us much closer to realizing the longstanding vision of ubiquitous social robotics” says the opening line of Robophilosophy 2024. However, the normative conceptual space for how we evaluate human treatment of robots is not quite ready for such extension. Most discussions are still motivated by mistreatment of robots (like kicking a robot) and anthropomorphism, thus resulting in worries that mistreating robots might have undesirable implications or consequences for human moral practices. Such approaches fall short of accounting for: novel and versatile “affordance mixtures” that robots can offer; novel and dynamic human-robot interaction opportunities; the usage of robots in many ways as products thanks to affordance mixtures, while they participate in the social realm. What we need to account for this versatility and novelty is a conceptual framework that can allow us to differentiate an affordance treatment of a robot from a mistreatment, an everyday usage from an abuse. I show that the conceptual tools of the OASIS framework, especially sociomorphing, can help with this differentiation.
Folk Understanding of Artificial Moral Agency
Authors: Noh Hyungrae
Published: February 2025

The functionalist conception of artificial moral agency holds that certain real-world AI systems should be considered moral agents because doing so benefits the recipients of AI actions. According to this view, human agents who are causally accountable for the morally significant actions of these AIs are deemed blameworthy or praiseworthy and may face sanctions or rewards, regardless of whether they intended the AI actions to occur. By meta-analyzing psychological experiments, this paper reveals a close alignment between the functionalist conception and the folk understanding of artificial moral agency. People treat certain real-world AI systems as moral agents even when they do not attribute consciousness or free will to them. When ordinary people attribute moral responsibility to these systems, these attributions are also distributed among the users, programmers, and manufacturers of the systems. This distribution holds even when people do not view the causal contributions of these human agents to these systems’ actions as wrongful.
How Good Are We at Assessing the Trustworthiness of LLMs?
Authors: Smidt Mathilde , Figge Anegaard Olivia , Søgaard Anders
Published: February 2025

Chain-of-thought prompting has been proposed as a technique that would increase people’s trust in instruction-tuned large language models such as ChatGPT-3.5 or LLaMA-2. We find, somewhat surprisingly, that while people prefer chain-of-thought explanations, such explanations only increase trust when they are not read, but decrease trust when they are read. Moreover, the question type is predictive of trust. Across these two psychological biases, much of people’s trust in instruction-tuned large language models seems independent of the content of their responses.
“Responsibility” Plus “Gap” Equals “Problem”
Authors: Champagne Marc
Published: February 2025

Peter Königs recently argued that, while autonomous robots generate responsibility gaps, such gaps need not be considered problematic. I argue that Königs’ compromise dissolves under analysis since, on a proper understanding of what “responsibility” is and what “gap” (metaphorically) means, their joint endorsement must repel an attitude of indifference. So, just as “calamities that happen but don’t bother anyone” makes no sense, the idea of “responsibility gaps that exist but leave citizens and ethicists unmoved” makes no sense.
A Metaphilosophical Analysis of the Trolley Problem for the Ethics of Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Hannibal Glenda
Published: February 2025

While scientific and technological advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics are making autonomous vehicles feasible, social and ethical questions are also being raised to ensure responsible development and deployment. In particular, much discussion has centered on how situations of fatal accidents are to be considered with the use of autonomous vehicles in unpredictable traffic environments. In this paper we provide a metaphilosophical analysis of the methodological difference between thought experiments in philosophy and problem-solving in science and engineering in response to whether the infamous trolley problem can be used to guide the ethical of autonomous vehicles for real-life use cases. We argue that such analysis can further mutual understanding and successful cross-disciplinary collaboration between philosophers and computer scientists working on artificial intelligence and robotics.
Welfare Technology Developers’ Views Concerning Responsible Innovation and Implementation of Care Robots in Ireland and Japan
Authors: Kodate Naonori , Maeda Yurie , Yumoto Akiyo , Donnelly Sarah , Tsujimura Mayuko , Mannan Hasheem , Suwa Sayuri , Yu Wenwei , Kohli Pranav , Obayashi Kazuko , Masuyama Shigeru , O’Shea Diarmuid
Published: February 2025

Care robots are now seen as part of the solution to global aging. This article asks: how has responsible robotics been perceived? What are the missing elements that would enable responsible robotics (in research, development, and wider use) in different jurisdictions? In order to answer these questions, the article explores the views of welfare technology (WT) developers concerning the current state of robotics development and use in care settings in Ireland and Japan. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 technology developers in total. The findings indicate that technology developers strongly believe that the use of care robots and WTs would strengthen the long-term care systems in both countries, if ethical and other aspects are taken into consideration. The uniform long-term care system can facilitate the top-down introduction of care robots, but a mismatch can be widened between users’ needs and the solutions that WTs can provide. The inclusion of WTs in professional curricula and training programs and changing the often-skewed media representation of AI and robotics were presented as a possible way forward.
Assemblage of Autonomy and Assemblage of Dependency: Reconfiguring Care with Robots
Authors: Nickelsen Niels Christian Mossfeldt
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the transformation of care involving robots. We discuss the use of care robots in private homes and care homes. Drawing on the concept of assemblage, we emphasize the specificities of the journey of robots into the world of care. This means observing how robots participate in care, interact with various actors, and impact their lives. We will do this by first outlining the assemblage enacting autonomy and showing that care robots have different effects in different places. Second, we investigate the care and footwork it takes to sustain autonomy, sketching what we call the assemblage of dependency. We propose that assemblages of autonomy and assemblages of dependency are not necessarily in opposition to one another. Rather, we are referring to different normative receptions in homes.
Artificial Intelligence in Psychotherapy: Optimal Utilization Strategies
Authors: Szondy Máté , Zsila Ágnes , Magyary Ágnes , Fazekas Peter , Mészáros Noémi Zsuzsanna
Published: February 2025

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into psychotherapy holds promise for revolutionizing mental healthcare delivery, particularly in addressing the pervasive treatment gap and improving accessibility to services. This paper critically examines the landscape of AI utilization within psychotherapy, focusing on its potential benefits, ethical dilemmas, and optimal conditions for integration. AI systems offer valuable support in diagnosis, treatment planning, and intervention personalization, yet navigating the boundaries between AI-driven interventions and human-centered therapy requires careful consideration. Factors influencing AI implementation include the nature of mental health issues, patient attitudes towards technology, and environmental factors such as stigma and therapist shortages. We discuss potential pitfalls, including ethical concerns, power dynamics, and inherent biases in AI algorithms, and underscore the importance of maintaining the therapeutic alliance. Moreover, we highlight the synergies between AI-based and human therapy, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that prioritizes patient welfare and preserves interpersonal connection.
Digital Shadows: Exploring the Other and the I in Communication with Thanabots
Authors: Dobrosovestnova Anna , Machado Felipe , Reinboth Tim
Published: February 2025

The development of large language models (LLMs) has led to the proliferation of chatbot services like ChatGPT, Replika and Project December further contributing to technologically mediated grief. Called variously griefbots, or thanabots, the postulated aim behind these technologies is to help people deal with the loss of their loved ones. Despite hype around these technologies in the media, little is still known about the actual mechanisms of how thanabots contribute to grieving. This paper contributes to answering this question by offering an interpretation of communication with thanabots through the prism of Yuri Lotman’s autocommunication model. We start by examining how a thanabot can be framed as a communicational ‘other’. Then we draw on phenomenology of grief literature to delineate the boundaries of such “otherness”. In line with the Lotman’s auto-communication model, we proceed to argue that conversing with a thanabot can be viewed as an instance of ‘I–I’ communication. Within this model, the bot functions as a secondary code that allows for new meaning to arise in the process of communication and, consequently, for a bereaved person to renegotiate their new identity in the face of loss.
The Universal Robot of the 21st Century
Authors: Bendel Oliver
Published: February 2025

Developments in several areas of computer science, robotics, and social robotics make it seem likely that a universal robot will be available in the foreseeable future. Large language models for communication, perception, and control play a central role in this. This article briefly outlines the developments in the various areas and uses them to create the overall image of the universal robot. It then discusses the associated challenges from an ethical and social science perspective. It can be said that the universal robot will bring with it new possibilities and will perhaps be one of the most powerful human tools in physical space. At the same time, numerous problems are foreseeable, individual, social, and ecological.
Robotics, AI and Humans: A Roadmap, or a Cheat Sheet (or Both)?
Authors: Clodic Aurélie , Brock Anke M. , Cochet Hélène , Carreras Ophélie , Roy Raphaëlle N.
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence and Robotics are trending domains these days. Week after week, there are new impressive videos of robots who are walking, running or somersaulting, and of AI agents performing complex tasks. Such achievements, in addition to all that is happening in related areas, could make us think that the introduction of robots into our daily lives may happen, if not tomorrow, so in the near future. Our experiences as researchers in a robotics research laboratory suggest otherwise. But technological progress is difficult to predict and regardless of when it will happen, it is important to prepare and be prepared for it. We argue that it is important to pursue interdisciplinary fundamental research on how to place the Human at the heart of our research concerns in engineering and computer science. In this paper, we propose and sketch a holistic approach to Artificial Intelligence and Robotics FOR, AMONG, WITH and BY Humans.
Learning the Logic of Simulation
Authors: Gan Nathaniel
Published: February 2025

Some social robots use simulations to make sense of their environment, and it has been claimed that the use of simulations allows these robots to adapt better to novel scenarios. This paper formulates a logic to model reasoning about simulations run by artificial intelligence (AI) systems, with the goal of assessing the prospective capabilities of simulation-based robots. The semantics for sentences about simulations are modelled by a possible-worlds framework with a variably-strict accessibility relation. It is argued that worlds in simulation logic are best represented by logically incomplete sets of sentences with limited closure under classical entailment. The accessibility relation is intended to delineate worlds in which the explicit stipulations of a simulation hold, as well as the relevant features of our world. Possible constraints are discussed to align the accessibility relation with its intended interpretation. The notion of relevance is observed to be crucial for simulation logic, and represents a present limitation for the generalisation of simulation-based robots. Possible ways of overcoming this limitation are suggested, as well as possible avenues for philosophical investigation.
The Hard Problem of AI and the Possibility of Social Robots
Authors: Lisdorf Anders
Published: February 2025

Some philosophers believe it is inevitable for us to create an Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), while others argue that it is impossible to achieve. Instead of accepting or dismissing the possibility of AGI, it would be more helpful to focus on understanding what it would take to create an intelligence that resembles a human, including our social intelligence. While Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) addresses a fixed problem-solving domain defined by externally defined problems, an AGI would have to be able to identify problems by itself. This presents a challenge similar to the one identified by David Chalmers in the philosophy of mind, known as “The Hard Problem of Consciousness.” In AI, the hard problem is: where do problems come from? To answer this question, we need to understand the nature of a problem. It is necessary to distinguish two types of problems: First-order problems arise ipso facto dynamically out of an entity’s interaction with the environment, while second-order problems arise alio facto from another problem. Current artificial intelligence is ANI that solves second-order problems given to them by their human designers. To create a social robot with AGI it would have to be able to find and solve its own first-order problems while engaging with humans as part of its environment. A thought experiment illustrates how that might occur.
Captivation Lures and Social Robots
Authors: Schiller Hansen Sandrine , Søgaard Anders
Published: February 2025

Social robots, including chatbots and virtual agents, can be fine-tuned on engagement feedback from end users, and their behavior optimized to keep users on the platforms. We refer to strategies induced by social robots in this way as captivation lures, to reflect their manipulative and trap-like nature. We argue that captivation lures differ from phenomena previously studied, including nudging, hypernudging and non-argumentative influence. Researchers have studied nudging - say, in commercials - and hypernudging - say, in recommender systems - for decades, but with recent developments in generative artificial intelligence and social robotics, new ways of manipulating end users have become possible. Captivation lures can be induced from human feedback, and unlike traditional nudging and hypernudging they are not limited to a repository of human-produced content and known nudging strategies. The fact that social robots can induce new, unseen, and hard-to-detect strategies at scale, in the absence of such intentions, has important philosophical and moral implications.