bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Mechanical Performance of Full-Scale Precast Concrete Pipes with Varying Concrete Strengths and Reinforcement Using Factorial Design
Authors: Abbas Safeer
Published: January 2025

The use of precast concrete pipes for water and sewage transportation systems is a very important element of a country’s infrastructure. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of concrete’s compressive strength and reinforcement levels on the mechanical performance of spun-cast full-scale precast concrete pipes in the local construction industries of developing countries. A test matrix was adopted using a full 32 factorial design. The studied concrete’s compressive strength was 20, 30, and 40 MPa, and reinforcement levels were 60%, 80%, and 100%, representing low, medium, and high levels, respectively. The medium level of reinforcement represented the reinforcement requirement of ASTM C76 in concrete pipes. A total of eighteen full-scale pipes of 450 mm diameter were cast in an industrial precast pipe unit using a spin-casting technique and were tested under a three-edge bearing load. The experimental results showed that the crack load and ultimate load of the tested pipes increased with higher levels of concrete strength and reinforcement levels. For example, an approximately 35% increase in the 0.30 mm crack load was observed when the concrete strength increased from 20 MPa to 30 MPa for all tested levels of reinforcement. Similarly, around a 19% increase in ultimate load was observed for pipes with 80% reinforcement compared to identical pipes with 60% reinforcement. It was found that the pipe class, as per ASTM C76, is highly dependent on the concrete strength and reinforcement levels. All of the pipes exhibited the development of flexural cracks at critical locations (crown, invert, and springlines). Moreover, concrete pipes cast with low-level strength and reinforcement also showed signs of crushing at the crown location near to the pipe failure. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that the main factors (compressive strength and reinforcement levels) were significantly affected by the cracking loads of precast pipes. No significant effect of the interaction of factors was observed on the crack load response. However, interaction factors, along with main factors, have significant effects on the ultimate load capacity of the concrete pipes, as indicated by the F-value, p-value, and Pareto charts. This study made an effort to illustrate and optimize the mechanical performance of pipes cast with various concrete strengths and reinforcement levels to facilitate the efficient use of materials for more resilient pipe infrastructure. Moreover, the exact optimization of concrete strength and reinforcement level for the desired pipe class will make the pipe design economical, leading to an increased profit margin for local spin-cast pipe fabricators without compromising the pipe’s quality.
Preparation of a New Active Component 1,10-B10H8(S(C18H37)2)2 for Potentiometric Membranes for the Determination of Terbinafine Hydrochloride
Authors: Turyshev Eugeniy S. , Golubev Alexey V. , Bykov Alexander Yu. , Zhizhin Konstantin Yu. , Kuznetsov Nikolay T.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a methodology for the preparation of a new active component for ion-selective membranes, based on a di-substituted sulfonium derivative of the closo-decaborate anion at the apical vertices with the octadecylalkyl substituents 1,10-B10H8(S(C18H37)2)2. This approach is characterized by physicochemical methods of analysis (11B, 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis). The compound obtained is used as an active component of a PVC membrane selective to terbinafine hydrochloride. The sensor developed is highly selective to the drug to be detected, has a linearity range of 4.0 × 10−8–1.0 × 10−2 and a detection limit of 1.0 × 10−8, and can detect terbinafine hydrochloride in the pH range of 3 to 6.
Association Between Levodopa with Inotrope Prescription and Mechanical Ventilation Dependence in People with Parkinson’s Disease upon Septic Shock
Authors: Cheng Yun-Yung , Hong Chien-Tai , Chen Li-Ying , Shao Yu-Hsuan , Chiu Wei-Ting , Chan Lung
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: People with Parkinson’s disease (PwP) face high risks of bacterial infections and septic shock, often requiring inotrope treatment and mechanical ventilation. The impact of levodopa on these critical care interventions remains unclear. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the Taipei Medical University Clinical Research Database to explore the relationship between levodopa prescription, inotrope treatment duration, and mechanical ventilation dependence in PwP who experienced septic shock. PwP aged 45 years and older who required intensive care for septic shock were categorized into levodopa and non-levodopa groups. Results: Outcomes included inotrope treatment duration, mechanical ventilation dependence, and 3-month mortality. Among 243 PwP (116 without levodopa, 127 with levodopa), no significant difference was observed in the duration of mechanical ventilation dependence. However, levodopa prescription was associated with a significantly extended inotrope treatment duration (estimate: 3.43 days, p = 0.027). Additionally, a nonsignificant trend was identified between levodopa prescription and reduced 3-month mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.67, p = 0.068). Conclusions: These findings highlight the complex interplay between Parkinson’s disease management and critical care interventions during septic shock. While levodopa may prolong inotrope use, its potential to influence survival outcomes warrants further investigation.
Utilization of the Spanish Bisyllable Word Recognition Test to Assess Cochlear Implant Performance Trajectory
Authors: Holcomb Meredith A. , Williams Erin , Prentiss Sandra , Sanchez Chrisanda M. , Smeal Molly R. , Stern Tina , Tolen Amanda K. , Velandia Sandra , Coto Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare pre- and post-operative word recognition scores (WRSs) for the adult Spanish-speaking population and to describe their cochlear implant (CI) performance trajectory. Methods: A retrospective chart review (n = 115) was completed for Spanish-speaking post-lingually deafened adults who underwent a traditional CI evaluation and subsequent surgery between 2018 and 2023. Pre- and post-CI (3, 6, 12-month) Spanish Bisyllable WRSs and CI datalogging (hours per day) were collected for 66 subjects who met inclusion. Patients were, on average, 61.4 years of age (SD = 14.9) at the time of their first CI, and all were Hispanic and White (100%). Results: The outcomes of the 66 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Spanish Bisyllable WRSs improved at all post-CI test intervals, though the mean change between intervals showed a decreasing trend over time, with a plateau in WRSs occurring by 6 months post-CI. Time was a significant predictor of increased post-CI WRSs at 6 months (p = 0.004) and 12 months (p < 0.001). Sex, the implanted ear, electrode type, CI manufacturer, and datalogging hours did not significantly predict Bisyllable WRSs. Conclusions: This study used the largest cohort dataset to date to describe pre-and post-CI WRSs for Spanish-speaking adults. The post-CI performance trajectory is similar in Spanish-speaking CI recipients compared to English-speaking cohorts. This study is fundamental in providing evidence-based outcomes for Spanish-speaking CI recipients and will assist clinicians with pre-CI counseling based on realistic expectations.
Radiosensitization of Rare-Earth Nanoparticles Based on the Consistency Between Its K-Edge and the X-Ray Bremsstrahlung Peak
Authors: Zhu Xiang , Qiu Cheng-Jie , Cao Jiao-Jiao , Duosiken Dida , Zhang Yuhan , Pei Ben-Gen , Tao Ke , Pan Si-Jian
Published: January 2025

Nanoparticle-based X-ray radiosensitization strategies have garnered significant attention in recent years. However, the underlying mechanisms of radiosensitization remain incompletely understood. In this work, we explore the influence of the K-edge effect in the X-ray absorption of nanomaterials on sensitization. Due to the alignment of the K-edge of thulium (Tm) with the Bremsstrahlung peak in the energy spectrum of medical X-ray accelerators, the following four different rare-earth nanomaterials with varying Tm percentages were designed: NaTmF4, NaTm0.6Lu0.4F4, NaTm0.4Lu0.6F4, and NaLuF4. We evaluated the X-ray absorption and the ability to generate secondary electrons and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of these nanoparticles. The radiosensitizing effect was evaluated through clonogenic assays. Our results showed that the K-edge effect affected secondary electron generation but did not significantly change ROS production. Nonetheless, NaTmF4 induced marginally more DNA damage in the U87 cells than the other cell types. NaTmF4 also exhibited superior radiosensitization efficacy against the U87 tumor cells. This shows that secondary electrons and ROS play pivotal roles in radiosensitization, which might be crucial to improving cancer treatment efficacy through enhanced radiation therapy outcomes.
Ensemble Learning and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for Cryptocurrency Volatility Forecasting
Authors: Nadarajah Saralees , Mba Jules Clement , Rakotomarolahy Patrick , Ratolojanahary Henri T. J. E.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to conduct an empirical comparative study of volatility models for three of the most popular cryptocurrencies. We study the volatility of the following cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin. We consider the GARCH-type, boosting-family-tree-based ensemble learning, and ANFIS volatility models for these financial crypto-assets, which some have claimed capture stylized facts about cryptocurrency volatility well. We conduct comparative studies on in-sample and out-of-sample empirical analyses. The results show that tree-based ensemble learning delivers better forecast accuracy. Nevertheless, the performance of some GARCH-type volatility models is relatively close to that of the best model on both training and evaluation samples.
Identification, Mechanism and Countermeasures of Cropland Abandonment in Northeast Guangdong Province
Authors: Li Xiaojian , Ma Linbing , Liu Xi
Published: January 2025

Cropland serves as the most vital resource for agricultural production, while its security is primarily threatened by abandonment. Northeast Guangdong Province features a fragmented terrain and faces a significant issue of farmland abandonment. It is crucial to analyze the phenomenon of cropland abandonment to safeguard food security. However, due to limitations in data sources and attribution methods, previous studies struggled to comprehensively characterize the driving mechanisms of abandoned land. Using data from Sentinel time series remote-sensing images, we employed the land use change trajectory method to map cropland abandonment in Jiaoling County from 2019 to 2023. Furthermore, we proposed a novel analytical framework to quantify the influence pathways and interaction effects driving cropland abandonment. The results indicated that: (1) The overall accuracy of the abandoned land extraction was 79.6%. During the study period, the abandonment rate in Jiaoling County showed a trend of a “gradual rise followed by a sharp decline”, and the abandoned area reached its maximum in 2021. The abandonment phenomenon in the southeastern rural areas was serious and stubborn. (2) The slope has the greatest explanatory power for abandonment, followed by the total cultivated area, aggregation index of cropland, and distance to road. Each driving factor has a threshold effect. (3) Topography, location, and agriculture driving factors directly or indirectly affect the abandonment rate, with direct influences of 0.247, 0.255, and −0.256, respectively. The research findings offer valuable scientific guidance for managing abandoned land and deepen our understanding of its formation mechanisms.
Analytical Model of Temperature-Induced Deformation for Tunable Thermal Expansion Metamaterial
Authors: Xiao Ling , Yao Yaxin , Chen Shuai , Lai Mengting , Zhu Guanghong
Published: January 2025

Tunable thermal expansion metamaterials exhibit superior shock absorption performance in the field of high-precision equipment, but the applications are currently restricted by the unclear quantitative relationship of temperature-induced deformation. Herein, this work leverages the virtual work principle and the deformation geometric relationship to establish a generic temperature-induced deformation control model for bi-materials by utilizing the key variable coverage ratio under the condition of no deformation in the vertical direction. The feasible region regarding flexibility for the internal serpentine unit and lattice structure with different coverage ratios is given. The combination of the finite element and experimental methods is adopted to examine temperature-induced deformation, which presents tunable thermal expansion performances associated with the coverage ratio and temperature. This work, based on the established deformation coordination relationship of dual-material temperature-sensitive metamaterials, achieves temperature-induced deformation control and provides a reference for structural design adaptable in various working conditions such as vibration isolation and vibration reduction in complex engineering such as aerospace and so on. By strategically designing the coverage of the two structures within the specified range to maintain equivalent flexibility, the ultimate deformation of the serpentine unit is reduced by one-half due to deformation induced by temperature variations.
Machine Learning in Computational Design and Optimization of Disordered Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Vishnyakov Aleksey
Published: January 2025

This review analyzes the current practices in the data-driven characterization, design and optimization of disordered nanoporous materials with pore sizes ranging from angstroms (active carbon and polymer membranes for gas separation) to tens of nm (aerogels). While the machine learning (ML)-based prediction and screening of crystalline, ordered porous materials are conducted frequently, materials with disordered porosity receive much less attention, although ML is expected to excel in the field, which is rich with ill-posed problems, non-linear correlations and a large volume of experimental results. For micro- and mesoporous solids (active carbons, mesoporous silica, aerogels, etc.), the obstacles are mostly related to the navigation of the available data with transferrable and easily interpreted features. The majority of published efforts are based on the experimental data obtained in the same work, and the datasets are often very small. Even with limited data, machine learning helps discover non-evident correlations and serves in material design and production optimization. The development of comprehensive databases for micro- and mesoporous materials with low-level structural and sorption characteristics, as well as automated synthesis/characterization protocols, is seen as the direction of efforts for the immediate future. This paper is written in a language readable by a chemist unfamiliar with the data science specifics.
A Conceptual Framework for a Latest Information-Maintaining Method Using Retrieval-Augmented Generation and a Large Language Model in Smart Manufacturing: Theoretical Approach and Performance Analysis
Authors: Choi Hangseo , Jeong Jongpil
Published: January 2025

In the modern manufacturing environment, the ability to collect and refine data in real time to deliver high-quality data is increasingly important in maintaining a competitive advantage and operational efficiency. This paper proposes a conceptual architectural framework for the continuous knowledge updating of Retrieval-Augmented Generation-Large Language Model-based systems in a smart factory environment. The proposed framework provides theoretical models and validation methodologies, laying the groundwork for future practical implementations. Existing Retrieval-Augmented Generation-Large Language Model systems rely on static knowledge bases that are not able to effectively reflect new information in a real-time, changing manufacturing environment. The proposed framework design uses a data stream processing layer, a data integration layer, and a continuous learning layer as core components; in particular, the knowledge integration layer provides a mechanism for the efficient processing of real-time data and continuous learning. This study is significant in that it presents a mathematical model and a systematic verification methodology that can quantitatively predict the performance and scalability of the proposed architecture, thus providing practical design guidance for the implementation of Retrieval-Augmented Generation-Large Language Model systems in smart factory environments. This paper is organized as follows: Materials and Methods provides a detailed description of the architecture and methodology. Theoretical Analysis and Discussion covers the theoretical analysis and discussion, including performance prediction models, validation methodologies, and their practical implications. Finally, Conclusions summarizes the research findings and outlines directions for future work.
A Bibliometric Review of Type-3 Fuzzy Logic Applications
Authors: Valdez Fevrier , Castillo Oscar , Melin Patricia
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we provide an overview of type-3 fuzzy logic systems (T3FLSs) and their applications in a general way. The contribution of this paper is to analyze and review, in the best way possible, applications in several fields utilizing type-3 fuzzy logic systems. Recently, many algorithms are receiving more and more attention in this area, and for this reason, an overview of this field is important. This article provides an overview of the most important applications in which intelligent computing methods based on T3FLSs are used. The main goal of this paper is to thoroughly explore these applications and identify emerging scientific trends in the adoption of intelligent methods, particularly those involving T3FLSs. To achieve this, we use the VosViewer software to construct and visualize bibliometric networks. VosViewer is a free, Java-based tool designed for analyzing and visualizing bibliometric data. This program is used for the creation of maps of papers, authors, etc., and the development of maps for keywords, countries, research groups, and more.
Impact of Brain Lesion Characteristics on Motor Function and Cortical Reorganization in Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Gaberova Katerina , Pacheva Iliyana , Sirakov Nikolay , Timova Elena , Ivanov Ivan Stefanov
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Hemiplegic or unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) is primarily characterized by motor impairment, mainly affecting the upper limb. Research has centered on factors influencing the varying degrees of motor deficit in UCP, using neuroscience advancements for in vivo exploration of brain structure (morphometry) and cortical reorganization (functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)). This study aims to evaluate functional activation in the motor cortex in UCP and to explore how lesion characteristics and timing affect neuroplasticity and motor function. Materials and Methods: Between 2017 and 2021, structural and functional MRIs were performed on 44 UCP patients (mean age 15.5 years, 24 males, 20 females), all with Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels I-III and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) ≥ 50. The lesion characteristics of size, type, and time of occurrence (ante-, peri-, or early postnatal) were analyzed. An association was sought between the characteristics of the lesion and the degree of motor deficit of the upper limb, as determined by the MACS level. fMRI assessed cortical activation during a finger-tapping task for the paretic hand and compared activation patterns based on lesion characteristics. Results: Six lesion types were identified, with arterial ischemic stroke being the most common and largest in volume. Lesion size strongly correlated with patients’ MACS levels, while lesion type and timing showed no association with the severity of motor impairment classified by MACS. Motor reorganization varied, with activation occurring ipsi-, contra-, or bilaterally to the affected hand, depending on lesion size and type. Smaller, subcortical lesions primarily showed ipsilesional activation, while larger, cortical lesions did not exhibit a specific group activation, possibly due to varying individual reorganization. No association was found between the lesion timing and the reorganization model. Conclusions: Motor functional reorganization in UCP is closely linked to lesion characteristics, with smaller, subcortical lesions favoring typical organization in the contralateral motor cortex. The timing of the lesion does not significantly affect cortical reorganization. Lesion size was a key determinant of motor function, whereas lesion type (e.g., ischemic stroke) and timing (early vs. late occurrence) were less critical for predicting functional outcome.
Large Unstained Cells: A Predictive Biomarker for Recurrence and Survival in Resected Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ceylan Furkan , Tenekeci Ateş Kutay , Bilgin Burak , Şendur Mehmet Ali Nahit , Hızal Mutlu , Köş Fahriye Tuba , Dede Didem Şener
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Despite advances in surgery and perioperative chemotherapy, locally advanced gastric cancer continues to pose significant challenges, creating a pressing need for biomarkers capable of predicting therapeutic efficacy and survival outcomes. This study evaluates the prognostic and predictive significance of large unstained cells (LUCs), a morphologically distinct subset of white blood cells identified in peripheral blood that remain unstained by standard hematological dyes, as potential indicators of immune competence and treatment response. Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis included patients diagnosed with locally advanced gastric cancer (cT2-4, N0-3) at Ankara Bilkent City Hospital between January 2018 and November 2024. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), stratified by LUC levels. The secondary endpoint was the association between LUC levels and pathological tumor response. Results: A total of 180 patients were analyzed, with a median age of 59 years; a total of 76% were male. The median follow-up period was 16.5 months, during which OS and DFS rates were 82% and 66%, respectively. Most patients were presented with advanced-stage disease, including T3–T4 tumors (91%) and nodal positivity (81%). Stratification by LUC levels revealed significantly shorter DFS (HR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.12–4.01; p = 0.020) and OS (HR: 3.37; 95% CI: 1.26–9.03; p = 0.015) in the low-LUC group compared to the high-LUC group. Furthermore, the high-LUC group exhibited a significantly higher tumor shrinkage rate (ypN0: 60% vs. 44%; p = 0.020), although tumor regression scores were similar across groups. Advanced tumor stage and lack of pathological response were strongly associated with reduced DFS and OS, while poorly cohesive carcinoma histology emerged as a predictor of inferior OS. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that elevated LUC levels are significantly associated with improved DFS and OS, as well as enhanced tumor shrinkage, in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. These findings show the potential of LUCs as a promising biomarker for prognostication and therapeutic stratification in this population, offering a novel avenue for refining clinical decision-making. Further validation through prospective investigations is warranted.
Retrospective Long-Term Survival Rate and Clinical Performance of Zirconium Oxide Restorations over the Past 5 Years: A Comparative Study Between Single Crowns and Fixed Dental Prostheses
Authors: Lolos Dan , Mihali Sorin Gheorghe , Dinu Stefania , Mitariu Mihai , Tudor Anca , Oancea Roxana
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: This five-year retrospective study evaluated the survival and clinical performance of 1143 zirconium oxide restorations, including both monolithic (144) and layered (999) restorations. Materials and Methods: The analysis included clinical records and follow-up data of patients treated with zirconium oxide restorations. Failures in layered restorations were examined, particularly focusing on chipping caused by unsupported feldspathic ceramic exceeding 1.5 mm. Monolithic restorations were used as a benchmark for durability. Results: The results demonstrated a high overall survival rate of 96.3%, with monolithic restorations achieving a perfect survival rate of 100%, while layered restorations had a survival rate of 95.8%. Failures in the layered restorations were primarily associated with chipping, especially when the unsupported feldspathic ceramic exceeded 1.5 mm. Conclusions: This finding highlights the importance of maintaining adequate support for the ceramic layer to prevent such complications. Monolithic restorations, in contrast, showed superior durability, with no failures reported, making them a more reliable option for long-term success. These findings emphasize the need for the careful selection of zirconium oxide restoration types based on the clinical context, particularly in cases where durability is critical.
Analysis of Temperature and Stress Fields in the Process of Hot-Rolled Strip Coiling
Authors: Dai Meng , Hu Yuting , Hao Yanchao , Qiu Ping , Xiao Hong
Published: January 2025

During the coiling process of a hot-rolled strip, with the increasing layers the temperature and stress distribution inside the coil constantly change and interact with each other. Due to the contact with the sleeve and the transition of the heat exchange state, it is inaccurate to consider the temperature of the whole coil as the coiling temperature set by the process requirement. Meanwhile, due to the periodic interlayer contact in the radial direction, the relation between stress and deformation is nonlinear. For the coiling process, it is difficult to consider the above factors using conventional methods. Therefore, an incremental model has been established to couple the temperature and stress of the coil. In order to obtain the mechanical properties of the strip and radial elastic modulus of the coil, tensile tests and laminated compression experiments are conducted at different temperatures. The effects of changes in strip thickness, coiling tension, and initial temperature of the sleeve on the stress and the temperature inside the coil are studied. Finally, by comparing the model results with measurements and analytical solutions, the effectiveness of the incremental coupled model is verified and the errors caused by the analytical method are analyzed.
Point-of-Care Diabetes Diagnostics: Towards a Self-Powered Sensor
Authors: Vinagre Inês , Martins Gabriela V. , Alves Joaquim A. , Moreira Felismina T.C.
Published: January 2025

A cutting-edge biosensor has been developed to monitor blood glucose levels, which is particularly vital for people with diabetes. This advanced technology uses a miniaturized and membraneless enzymatic fuel cell (EFC) as a compact electrical reader for rapid on-site diabetes diagnosis. Using disposable screen-printed gold electrodes (Au-SPE) modified with the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx), the biosensor enables the oxidation of glucose at both the anode (counter electrode) and cathode (working electrode) of the EFC. The cathode contains graphene oxide/Prussian blue nanocubes (GO/PBNCs), while the anode uses a biographene layer. Both electrodes were modified with GOx by electrostatic/hydrogen bonding the enzyme to the modified electrodes surface. Individual evaluations of each electrode system emphasized their effectiveness. The integration of both electrodes resulted in an EFC that can generate an output power of approximately 1.8 μW/cm2 at a glucose concentration of 5 mmol/L, which is very close to physiological conditions (3.8 to 6.9 mmol/L). This technology represents a significant advance and promises fully autonomous diagnostic devices suitable for a wide range of analytes. It paves the way for diagnostics everywhere and marks a fundamental shift in point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics.
Metabolic Responses, Cell Recoverability, and Protein Signatures of Three Extremophiles: Sustained Life During Long-Term Subzero Incubations
Authors: Ewert Marcela , Nunn Brook L. , Firth Erin , Junge Karen
Published: January 2025

Few halophilic strains have been examined in detail for their culturability and metabolic activity at subzero temperatures, within the ice matrix, over the longer term. Here, we examine three Arctic strains with varied salinity tolerances: Colwellia psychrerythraea str. 34H (Cp34H), Psychrobacter sp. str. 7E (P7E), and Halomonas sp. str. 3E (H3E). As a proxy for biosignatures, we examine observable cells, metabolic activity, and recoverability on 12-month incubations at −5, −10 and −36 °C. To further develop life-detection strategies, we also study the short-term tracking of new protein synthesis on Cp34H at −5 °C for the first time, using isotopically labeled 13C6-leucine and mass spectrometry-based proteomics. All three bacterial species remained metabolically active after 12 months at −5 °C, while recoverability varied greatly among strains. At −10 and −36 °C, metabolic activity was drastically reduced and recoverability patterns were strain-specific. Cells were observable at high numbers in all treatments, validating their potential as biosignatures. Newly synthesized proteins were detectable and identifiable after one hour of incubation. Proteins prioritized for synthesis with the provided substrate are involved in motility, protein synthesis, and in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism, with an emphasis on structural proteins, enzymatic activities in central metabolic pathways, and regulatory functions.
Effect of Multiyear Biodegradable Plastic Mulch on Soil Microbial Community, Assembly, and Functioning
Authors: Liu Xiaowei , Wen Zongyu , Zhou Wei , Dong Wentao , Ren Huiqing , Liang Gang , Gong Wenwen
Published: January 2025

The increasing use of biodegradable plastic mulch like polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) has raised concerns about its long-term environmental impact. In this study, we investigated the effects of multiyear PBAT mulch application on bacterial and fungal communities, assembly mechanisms, and key ecological functions. The microbial community diversity and composition were significantly altered after multiyear biodegradable plastic mulching. We observed that PBAT treatment enriched specific bacterial genera, such as Pantoea, potentially involved in plastic degradation, and fungal genera like Cephaliophora and Stephanosporaceae, which may play a role in organic matter decomposition. A null model analysis revealed that bacterial community assembly was largely shaped by deterministic processes, with stronger environmental selection pressures in PBAT-treated soils, while fungal communities were more influenced by stochastic processes. In addition, multiyear PBAT mulch application also impacted the functionality of the soil microbial communities. PBAT exposure enhanced biofilm formation in aerobic bacteria, promoting aerobic degradation processes while also reducing the abundance of stress-tolerant bacteria. Additionally, PBAT altered key microbial functions related to carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling. Notably, the fungal communities exhibited functional shifts, with an increase in saprotrophic fungi being beneficial for nutrient cycling, alongside a potential rise in plant pathogenic fungi. These findings underscore the multiyear ecological impacts of biodegradable plastics, suggesting microbial adaptation to plastic degradation and changes in key ecological functions, with implications for agricultural sustainability and bioremediation strategies.
Application of a Strong Base Anion Exchange Resin for the Removal of Thiophenol from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Chruszcz-Lipska Katarzyna , Winid Bogumiła , Solecka Urszula
Published: January 2025

Thiophenol (synonyms: phenyl mercaptan, benzenethiol) may appear in the aquatic environment as a result of human activity. It is used as a raw material in organic synthesis in various industries for the production of dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and polymers, such as polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). It may also enter water through contamination with petroleum substances (thiophenol may be present in crude oil). Due to the fact that thiophenol is toxic to living organisms, its removal from water can be a very important task. For the first time, this paper presents experimental studies of the sorption and desorption process of thiophenol on an ion exchange resin. Thiophenol sorption experiments on AmbeLite®IRA402 (Cl form) were tested at different pH levels (4, 7, and 9) and different ionic strengths of the aqueous solution. Its detection in water was carried out using UV spectroscopy. At pH 4, the thiophenol sorption process is basically independent of the ionic strength of the solution, but also the least effective. The sorption capacity of a thiophenol solution in distilled water is about 0.37–0.46 mg/g, for a solution with an ionic strength of 0.1 M 0.42 mg/g. At pH 7 and 9, the sorption of thiophenol from an aqueous solution is similar and definitely more effective. The sorption capacity of the thiophenol solution in distilled water is about 13.83–14.67 mg/g, and for a solution with an ionic strength of 0.1 M, it is 2.83–2.10 mg/g. The desorption efficiency of thiophenol from AmbeLite®IRA402 resin (washing with 4% HCl) at pH 7 is 90%, which is promising for the resin reuse process. Kinetic studies were performed and a pseudo-first-order and second-order kinetic model was fitted to the obtained experimental sorption data. In most cases, the simulation showed that the pseudo-second-order model gives a better fit, especially for the sorption of thiophenol from the solution with an ionic strength of 0.1 M. The fit of the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models to the experimental results indicates that the latter model provides better agreement. Analysis of the infrared spectra supported by quantum chemical calculations (DFT/PCM/B3LYP/6-31g**) confirms the experimental results observed during the sorption process. At pH 7 and 9, the thiophenol is sorbed in anionic form and—together with the ion exchange processes that occur between the dissociated thiol group and the quaternary ammonium group—an interaction between the aromatic structures of thiophenolate anions and IRA402 also takes place.
Effectively Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of BP/BiOBr 2D/2D Z-Scheme Heterojunction
Authors: Feng Jian , Ran Xia , Wang Li , Xiao Bo , Zhu Jinming , Liu Zuoji , Li Chaozhong , Li Rong , Feng Guangwei , Xu Ke
Published: January 2025

Black phosphorus (BP) is a novel two-dimensional (2D) material with remarkable potential for use in environmental remediation and energy conversion. However, the practical application of BP is significantly limited by its low catalytic efficiency and poor structural stability. In this study, a Z-scheme BP/BiOBr 2D/2D heterojunction was fabricated using a simple solution reaction method at room temperature. The BP/BiOBr heterojunction exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance in the degradation of various organic pollutants and the production of hydrogen under visible light irradiation. This improved activity can be attributed to the efficient separation of photogenerated charges and the extended lifetime of charge carriers within the heterojunction. The durability and structural stability of the BiP-10 heterojunction were demonstrated through cycling tests, which maintained high photocatalytic efficiency over multiple uses. This study presents a promising approach to the development of BP-based photocatalytic materials for sustainable environmental and energy applications.
Albuminocytologic Dissociation and the Impact of Age-Adjusted Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Levels in Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Authors: Thatikonda Nithisha , Lerint Alexandru , Takle Chaitra , Fang Xiang , Patel Chilvana
Published: January 2025

Background: This study examined the impact of age-adjusted cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein levels on clinical characteristics, disease severity, and outcomes in Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS) patients. Methods: This retrospective study included 71 GBS patients at UTMB Galveston. Albuminocytologic dissociation (ACD) was defined as CSF–total protein (CSF-TP) >0.45 g/L with a cell count of <50 cells/L. Patients were grouped using the conventional cutoff (>0.45 g/L) and age-adjusted upper limits (URLs) for CSF-TP levels, comparing clinical, CSF, and electrophysiological characteristics across groups. Results: The mean age was 50 years (SD = 14.5). The mean age of patients with a CSF-TP > 45 g/L was higher (53 vs. 39 years, p = 0.000), whereas no such difference was noted using age-dependent URLs. Using age-adjusted CSF-TP URLs reduced the sensitivity for detecting ACD by 20%. CSF-TP > age-adjusted URLs were associated with lower MRC sum scores (39 vs. 47.43, p = 0.000), higher ICU admission rates (34% vs. 20%, p = 0.003), and the need for second-line treatment (41% vs. 17%, p = 0.049), and the trends were not observed with the conventional cutoff of 0.45 g/L. CSF-TP was an independent predictor of lower MRC sum scores (p = 0.009, 95% CI −0.058, −0.009) and higher GBS disability scores (p = 0.015, 95% CI 0.000, 0.004). Conclusions: ACD is a common finding in GBS, but normal protein levels do not exclude the diagnosis. Using age-adjusted URLs might improve specificity but reduce sensitivity for ACD detection, potentially increasing false negatives. CSF-TP levels exceeding age-adjusted URLs were more strongly associated with greater disease severity and poorer outcomes compared to the conventional cutoff of 0.45 g/L.
Very Low Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT), Not Only a Price Matter: A Comparison Study on Average Costs of VLEKT with Fresh Foods and Replacement Meals
Authors: Annunziata Giuseppe , Verde Ludovica , Falco Andrea , Savastano Silvia , Colao Annamaria , Muscogiuri Giovanna , Barrea Luigi
Published: January 2025

Background: Obesity is constantly growing worldwide, representing a serious concern also for healthcare costs. Current anti-obesity pharmacological strategies, although effective, represent a significant cost for the patient. Similarly, very low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) protocols with replacement meals also have high costs. Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the average costs of a VLEKT protocol with replacement meals compared with those of isocaloric diets with fresh foods. Methods: VLEKTs with replacement meals and fresh foods were developed considering an ideal young woman and man with grade II obesity (BMI ≥ 35.0 kg/m2). The costs of the individual fresh foods were extrapolated from official Italian databases. The costs of replacement meals were obtained by consulting the catalogs of three companies specialized in VLEKTs operating in Italy. Results: On a monthly basis, VLEKT with fresh food had an average cost of EUR 253.44 and EUR 295.67, while VLEKT with replacement meals had an average cost of EUR 434.91 and EUR 535.99, for the woman and man, respectively. Conclusions: Although more expensive than a common diet, VLEKT should be seen not only as a dietary method for losing weight, but as a non-pharmacological, medicalized nutritional therapy, useful for managing various conditions, even those not directly related to obesity. Like a drug therapy, VLEKT requires the use of specific products that entail a higher cost, to be borne by the patient, but whose benefits should be emphasized, which go beyond weight loss and concern general health, thus considering them as a targeted nutritional strategy.
Protective Effects of Sulforaphane Preventing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress to Enhance Metabolic Health: A Narrative Review
Authors: Alves Inês , Araújo Edilene Maria Queiroz , Dalgaard Louise T. , Singh Sharda , Børsheim Elisabet , Carvalho Eugenia
Published: January 2025

The worldwide obesity epidemic has led to a drastic increase in diabetes and cardiovascular disease in younger generations. Further, maintaining metabolic health during aging is frequently a challenge due to poor diets and decreased mobility. In this setting, bioactive nutrients that are naturally occurring antioxidants, such as sulforaphane (SFN), are of high nutritional interest. SFN, a bioactive compound that is present in cruciferous vegetables, is a molecule that protects cells from cytotoxic damage and mitigates oxidative stress, protecting against disease. It exerts its action through the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Many studies have been performed in animals and humans to evaluate its effects on cancer, brain health, and neurodegenerative disorders. However, fewer clinical studies have been performed to evaluate its effects on insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) across the lifespan. Given that, in some parts of the world, particularly in Europe, the population is growing older at a significant rate, it is crucial to promote healthy habits (healthy foods, dietary pattern, precision nutrition, and physical activity) from an early stage in life and across the lifespan to avoid debilitating health conditions occurring during adulthood and aging. Thus, in this narrative review, we discuss the protective effects of SFN supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways and relate them to metabolic disease.
Dietary Intakes Among University Students in Iceland: Insights from the FINESCOP Project
Authors: Repella Brittany M. , Jakobsdottir Greta
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Using data from the Food Insecurity among European University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic (FINESCOP) project, this study aims to investigate the dietary intakes among university students in Iceland, focusing specifically on their current diet after March 2020. Additionally, it examines correlations among different food groups to reveal associations in dietary patterns. Methods: The investigation uses data from the observational FINESCOP project in Iceland. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used to identify associations between different dietary intakes. p values show significance at a level of <0.05. Results: Icelandic university students have a low intake of vegetables and salad (“3–4 times per week”, n = 159, 24.8%), fruit (“1–2 times per week”, n = 164, 25.6%), and whole wheat (“3–4 times per week”, n = 147, 23.2%). Lower than these was legume intake (“Never/seldom”, n = 203, 32.0%). Meat and eggs were consumed more frequently (“3–4 times per week”, n = 231, 36.3%) compared to fish and seafood (“1–2 times per week”, n = 277, 43.5%). While the findings do indicate a significant correlation between vegetables and salad and fruit intake (p < 0.001) and between vegetable and salad and legume intake (p < 0.001), causal relationships cannot be established. Among discretionary foods, sweets and snacks were moderately and significantly correlated (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study explores dietary intakes and correlations between dietary factors among university students in Iceland. Further research is needed to explore the potential for causal inferences and better understand these dietary behaviors of university students in Iceland.
Comment on Zaher-Sánchez et al. The Management and Prevention of Delirium in Elderly Patients Hospitalised in Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review. Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14, 3007–3022
Authors: da Silva José Lucas Sena , Caldas Juliana
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The systematic review by Zaher-Sánchez et al. evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in preventing and managing delirium in elderly patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). This commentary discusses its importance, limitations, and dilemmas regarding delirium prevention. Conclusions: The need for effective measures for preventing delirium is imperative, and the findings to date support the benefits of non-pharmacological interventions, but we still do not have a sufficient body of evidence to choose specific interventions.
Synergistic Anti-Cancer Activities of Curcumin Derivative CU17 Combined with Gemcitabine Against A549 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Namwan Narissara , Senawong Gulsiri , Phaosiri Chanokbhorn , Kumboonma Pakit , Somsakeesit La-or , Samankul Arunta , Leerat Chadaporn , Senawong Thanaset
Published: January 2025

Recently, the curcumin derivative CU17 possessing HDAC inhibitory activity has been shown to synergistically enhance the anti-proliferative activity of Gem against lung cancer cells. Nevertheless, the mechanism(s) underlying the synergistic anti-cancer effect remains to be investigated. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms that underpin the anti-cancer activity of the combined Gem and CU17 against NSCLC A549 cells both in vitro and in mouse xenograft models. CU17 was successfully synthesized and subsequently investigated for its combination effects with Gem on inductions of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells. The combination treatment substantially decreased cell survival through S phase prolongation and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest via up-regulating the expressions of p21 and p53 proteins. Additionally, CU17 potentiated the apoptotic effect of Gem in A549 cells by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The co-treatment resulted in an up-regulation of pERK1/2 and Ac-H3 expression. An in vivo study demonstrated that CU17 significantly improved the anti-cancer effect of Gem in nude mice utilizing A549 cell xenografts. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining results indicated that CU17 decreased the toxicity of Gem to the liver, kidneys, and spleen. Overall, CU17 enhanced the effectiveness of Gem while decreasing its toxicity. This compound shows promise as a chemosensitizer for NSCLC treatment with Gem.