bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biotechnology: reality or dream
Authors: Konstantinov Kosana , Drinic-Mladenovic Snezana , Drinic Goran
Published: July 2008

The development of molecular biology and molecular genetics, especially of the recombinant DNA technology enabled improvement of experimental methods that provide manipulation within a cell-free system, such as cell and tissue cultures. Such methods resulted in the development of different new technologies with specific properties in relation to the conventional definitions. According to PERSLEY and lantin (2000) the following components are essential for the contemporary biotechnology: (i) genomics - a molecular characterization of all genes and gene products of an organism (ii) bioinformatics - the assembly of data from genomic analysis into accessible forms; (iii) transformation - the introduction of genes controlling a trait of interest into a genome of a desired organism (micro organisms, plants, animal systems). By the application of cotemporary biotechnology new methods in the field of diagnostic are developed such as rapid and more accurate identification of the presence and absence of genes in the genome of the organism of interest (identification of pathogens prenatal diagnostics, molecular markers assisted breeding for plants, etc). The traits of an organism are determined by its genetic material, i.e. by a molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). watson and crick (1953) were the first scientists to describe the structure of DNA as a double-stranded helix. Higher organisms contain a set of linear DNA molecules - chromosomes and a full set of chromosomes of an organism is a genome. Each genome is divided into a series of functional units, i.e. genes. The traits of an organism depend on genes, but their expression depends not only on genes but also on many other factors, including whether a gene, controlling the trait, expresses, specific cells in which it expresses and specially the mode by which the gene and its product interact with the environment. A special aspect within the application of biotechnology occurs as an interaction of a foreign gene with a genome of an integrated organism. Also application of biotechnology provides transfer of one or several favorable genes from any evolutionary category into other category of an organism and in such a way it is possible to develop genetically modified organisms (GMO) having expressed desired, target traits. A survey of the application of biotechnology in the world and our country is presented in this paper.
The effect of genetic parameters on inheritance of the first pod hight in snap bean - Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Authors: Zdravkovic Milan , Zdravkovic Jasmina , Pavlovic Nenad , Djordjevic Radisa , Damjanovic Milan
Published: July 2008

In order to research the inheritance, gene effect, combination abilities and genetic variance components, we investigated six divergent snap bean genotypes (Supernor, Darija, Grinkrop, Palanacka rana, Sumadinka and Zora) and their F1 progeny created by diallel crossing without reciprocals. For the trait of height of forming the first pod, variance of average value of parents and hybrids was highly significant. The value of dominant components (H1 and H2) was higher than additive component (D), meaning that dominant genes control the inheritance of number of pods per plant. The average level of domination ?Hl/D is higher than 1, pointing to superdomination. Heritability in broader sence amounts 90% pointing to high contribution in inheriting the number of pods per plant.
Plant AP2/ERF transcription factors
Authors: Saleh Abdelaty , Pagés Montserrat
Published: July 2008

Transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in plant development and its response to the biotic and abiotic stresses. AP2/ERF transcription factors family is unique to plants and a conserved AP2/ERF domain of about 60 amino acids characterized these transcription factors. AP2/ERF genes have been shown to regulate developmental processes and the response of plants to various types of biotic and environmental stress. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of AP2/ERF plant transcription factor family.
The expression of tin gene in prolongated tomato fruit ripening - Lycopersicom esculentum Mill.
Authors: Zdravkovic Jasmina , Markovic Zivoslav , Damjanovic Milan , Zdravkovic Milan , Djordjevic Radisa
Published: July 2008

Tomato selection programme, aiming to create a tomato hybrid with better fruit firmness, has been based on adding rin gene in perspective selection material. The fruit firmness has been based on decelerated ripening which prolongs the shelf life. Heterozygote genotypes (rin/+) have considerably longer shelf life that genotypes with uniform ripening (+/+). The effects of rin gene on shelf life have been examined on four experimental hybrids (K 56S K - 18, K - 64 and K -15 - rin/+ genetic configuration) compared with Atina Fl genotype (uniform ripening +/+) K - 91 selected, line (rin/rin) and Fino F1 (DRS) unknown genetic construction and very good fruit firmness. The parameter for shelf life has been the fruit weight loss during the preservation - from harvest till the fading. The weight loss has been recorded every 7th day during two months. The experimental hybrids showed good agro technical characteristics of mid early tomato intended for production in the open field. During the shelf life, the genotype K - 15 faded the most slowly, both in the group of green and mature fruits.
Genetic engineering of maize towards desiccation tolerance: Electroporation with the trehalose gene
Authors: Almeida A.M. , Araújo S. , Cardoso L.A. , Fevereiro P. , Torné J.M. , Santos D.
Published: July 2008

Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide of glucose that occurs in a large number of organisms such as bacteria, fungi, nematodes or crustaceans. Trehalose plays an important role in desiccation and heat stress protection since it has been shown to stabilize proteins and cell membranes under these stress conditions. Trehalose accumulation has proven to be an effective way of increasing drought tolerance in both model plants such as tobacco and important crops such as potato or rice. In this work we aim to improve desiccation tolerance in maize, one of the, most agronomical important crops, by increasing trehalose accumulation through transformation with the Arabidopsis thaliana trehalose phosphate synthase gene (AtTPSl) is involved in trehaIose-6-phosphate synthase and hence on trehalose biosynthesis. A cassette harboring the AtTPSl gene under the control of the CaMV35S promoter and the Bialaphos resistance gene Bar as a selective agent (conferring resistance to the PPT) was inserted in the plasmid vector pGreenO229 and used to transform maize inbred line Pa91. Immature zygotic embryos were collected 14-20 days after pollination and embryogenic calli culture were initiated. Embryog?nie calli were electroporated with 20?g of plasmid DNA using a Biorad Gene Puiser II at 374 V, for 1 second. Embryogenic calli were electroporated and selected PPT. Eighty putative transgenic plants were obtained and analyzed by PCR for the presence of the AtTPS1 gene.
Gene expression profiling in response to heat and water stress in maize kernel
Authors: Andjelkovic Violeta , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana , Babic Milosav , Delic Nenad , Stankovic Goran
Published: July 2008

New high-throughput techniques, together with advances in analytical and computational technologies are enabling systemic investigations of molecular processes of biological systems. Clustering is widely applied by biologists in genome sequencing projects and phylogenetic studies. In the microarray expression analysis, the aim of cluster is to better organize but not to alter primary data: genes are visually organized according to the statistical transformation and calculation, due to the expression pattern in maize kernel during heat and water stress. Besides grouping together genes with similar patterns of expression, genes are represented by increased intensity of red, dig. green color, according to their up- or down-regulation in stress condition, compared to control.
Variability and heritability of average yield of onion bulb - Alium сeрa L.
Authors: Pavlovic Nenad , Zecevic Bogoljub , Zdravkovic Milan , Ivanovic Miroslav , Damjanovic Milan
Published: July 2008

In order to investigate the variability of bulb yield, the trial was set up on an experimental plot of the Centre for Vegetable Crops in Smederevska Palanka during 1997 and 1998. The trial was performed by applying the method of random block system in five replications. Ten varieties of different geographical origins were included as the research material. The recorded values of the investigated features were determined by applying the variance analysis of a two-factorial trial model 2 (Hadzivukovic, 1991). The components of the phenotype variance, genotype and phenotype coefficient of variation and heritability in broad sense were estimated according to Singh and Chaudhary (1976). Significant variability was recorded for yield bulbs in both years of investigation. For this parameter, genotype variance was greater than the enviromental. Phenotype coefficient of variation (PCV) was greater than genotype coefficient of variation (GCV). Heritability confirmed that the genotype variability was stronger in the overall phenotype variability.
Morphological changes in atypical bird's foot trefoil plants obtained during genetic transformation by agrobacterium
Authors: Nikolic Radomirka , Mitic Nevena
Published: July 2008

Atypical plants of bird's foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L., Bokor cv) showing altered morphological characters that deviate from a normal phenotype were found after plant regeneration from transformed tissue. It had been obtained by genetic transformation of root sections of seedlings using Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector LBA4404/pBI121 on a medium supplemented with 0.2 mg I-1 BAP. The transformants 2b arid 4a were found to have a greatly atypical habit, including shortened internodes, elongated leaves, regular leaf arrangement along the stem and thicker leaves. Inheritance of altered characters was observed in the first progeny generation, and their genetic origin was considered.
Leaf type and grain yield in forage pea
Authors: Mihailovic Vojislav , Mikic Aleksandar
Published: July 2008

A three-year trial (2000-2002) was aimed to investigate the grain yield of nine pea genotypes with different leaf type. One (Akatsievydnaya forma) had acacia (Aftl), four (NS-junior, Moravac, Javor and Amino) normal (AfTl) and four (Jezero, 4(1993), CD and Primeroy) afila (afTl) leaf type. Average plant height (PH), first pod height (FPH), internode number (IN), pod number per plant (PNP), grain number per plant (GNP), plant mass (PM), grain yield per plant (GYP) and per area unit (GYA), harvest index (HI) and thousand grains weight (TGW) were studied. There existed significant differences in all yield components, both between the different leaf type groups and between the genotypes of the same group. The AfTl cultivars had the greatest values for PH (75.2 cm), FPH (43.5 cm), IN (18.9), PNP (8.7), GNP (34.2), PM (15.89 g) and GYP (6.97 g). The afTl genotypes had the greatest HI (0.56), GYA (2980 t/ha) and TGW (255 g). As for the cultivars, NS-junior was characterized by the greatest values of PH (120.4 cm), FPH (68,6 cm). IN (22.2), PNP (11.3), GNP (42.5) and PM (17.95 g). Javor had the greatest GYP (8.56 g), while the greatest HI was determined in genotype 4(1993)(0,60). The greatest GYA was in Primeroy (4298 kg/ha) and the greatest TGW was measured in Moravac (301 g).
Molecular characterization of chemical mutagenesis induced diversity in elite maize germplasm
Authors: Christov Nikolai , Todorovska Elena , Fasoula Dionysia , Ioannides Ioannis , Atanassov Atanas , Hristov Kiril
Published: July 2008

Three classical breeding Iowa Super Stiff Stalk (SSS) inbred lines B37, B73 and B84, one Lancaster inbred Oh43 and mutant lines obtained by chemical mutagenesis followed by mutation breeding as follows: two of B37 and four of Oh43 were selected for molecular characterization. The mutant inbred lines were chosen because in addition to the improved GCA and SCA for grain yield, proven by their predominance in the Bulgarian breeding programs, they showed shifts in the flowering time as compared to the initial inbreds. Molecular markers (micro satellites and other PCR-based DNA markers) were used for characterization of maize genotypes and determination of the induced by chemical mutagenesis genetic variability in maize germplasm. The tested nine SSR markers (umc 1001, umclO14, umcl057, umcll81, umcl0lS, umc 1029. umcl003, umc 1033 and umcl035) can discriminate between the initial classical breeding inbred lines and the originating mutant inbreds. Allelic diversity was also studied by PCR amplification with specifically de-signed primers in the coding regions and flanking sequence of two genes: dwarf8 (d&: chromosome 1, 198.5 cM), and indeterminate l (id1; chromosome 1. 175.0 cM). These are considered candidate genes for variation in plant height and/or flowering time, based on mutant phenotypes and chromosomal locations near major QTLs. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels were detected in the region flanking the SH2 domain of dwarf8 gene in some of the mutant inbreds as a result of SSCP and sequencing analyses. However, these polymorphisms could not be associated with the observed variations in flowering time. PCR analysis of the promoter region dwarf8 showed a variant fragment of about 1 kb in the inbred line Oh43 that was not present in any other initial and mutant in-bred lines included in the study. PCR amplification of the 5' end of the Id1 coding sequence revealed polymorphic bands in the mutant lines XM535, XM521, XM250-l, XM98-8 and XM85-105, as well as in the classical breeding line B73. The data, presented here demonstrate the usefulness of chemical mutagenesis for generation of genetic diversity within the elite maize germplasm. Some of this variation may affect the major genes in the QTLs. Our initial data revealed mutagenesis induced polymorphisms in the coding sequences of two important for the determination of flowering time transcription factors. Further molecular analyses of the proposed model systems may complement the trait association efforts and will help to directly identify the major genes in the QTLs.
Genetic studies and their implication to breed desired plant type in opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L.
Authors: Singh S.P. , Shukla S. , Yadav H.K.
Published: July 2008

The extent of genetic variability, heritability, correlation coefficient and path analysis were analyzed for opium yield, seed yield and eight component traits in a group of 101 germplasm lines of different ecogeographical origin. Heritability was high for all the characters except capsules/plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance and coefficient of variability was noticed for capsule weight/plant, capsule area, husk yield/plant, seed yield/plant, opium yield/plant and leaves/plant. Opium yield, seed yield, husk yield and capsule weight exhibited positively significant correlation among themselves and these four characters had also positive significant genotypic correlation with plant height, branches/plant, capsules/plant, capsule area and leaves/plant. Path coefficient analysis indicated that capsule weight/plant had highest direct path towards opium yield (2.267) followed by capsules/plant (0.291), capsule area (0.203), plant height (0.155) and leaves/plant (0.101). Considering the direct and indirect selection of major contributors, a plant type in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) based on multiple selection index has been discussed to enhance opium yield on one hand and dual purpose varieties (opium and seed yield) on the other hand.
New method to determine FAO number of maize, Zea mays L.
Authors: Marton L.C. , Szieberth D. , Csuros M.
Published: July 2008

FAO numbers are generally calculated from the grain moisture at harvest, which has decreased substantially in recent decades. In many countries maize is now harvested with a grain moisture of around 20 %. However, the lower the grain moisture at harvest, the smaller the difference in grain moisture between the maturity groups and/or individual hybrids. The reliability of grain moisture measurements has not improved parallel to the decline in the differences between hybrids, making it difficult to determine the maturity dates of the hybrids reliably. A new method has been elaborated to solve this problem and has been successfully used for the last two years in official trials in Hungary. The new method has several advantages: (a) more maturity parameters are taken into consideration, so the evaluation of more data improves reliability, (b) regression between the maturity parameters and the FAO number is calculated using several standards, thus reducing the effect of the G x E interaction and the experimental error. As a result, the annual fluctuation in the FAO number for each 1 % grain moisture is reduced.
Multivariate analysis in relation to breeding system in opium popy, Papaver somniferum L.
Authors: Singh S.P. , Shukla S. , Yadav H.K.
Published: July 2008

The opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is an important medicinal plant of great pharmacopoel uses. 101 germplasm lines of different eco-geographical origin maintained at National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow were evaluated to study the genetic divergence for seed yield/plant, opium yield/plant and its 8 component traits following multivariate and canonical analysis. The genotypes were grouped in 13 clusters and confirmed by canonical analysis. Sixty eight percent genotypes (69/101) were genetically close to each other and grouped in 6 clusters (II, III, IV, V, VIII, XII) while apparent diversity was noticed for 32 percent (32/101) of the genotypes who diversed into rest 7 clusters (I, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XIII). Inter cluster distance ranged from 47.28 to 234.55. The maximum was between IX and X followed by VII and IX (208.30) and IX and XI (205.53). The genotypes in cluster IX, X. XI, and XII had greater potential as breeding stock by virtue of high mean values of one or more component characters and high statistical distance among them. Based on findings of high cluster mean of component trait and inter-cluster distance among clusters, a breeding plan has been discussed.
Components of genetic variability and heritability of grain yield of silage maize
Authors: Secanski Mile , Zivanovic Tomislav , Todorovic Goran , Surlan-Momirovic Gordana
Published: July 2008

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the following parameters for the grain yield of silage maize: variability of inbred lines and their diallel hybrids, superior-parent heterosis and components of genetic variability and heritability on the basis of the diallel set. The two-year four-replicate trial was set up according to the randomized complete-block design at Zemun Polje. It was determined that a genotype, year and their interaction significantly affected variability of this trait. The highest. i.e. the lowest grain yield, on the average for both investigation years. was recorded in the silage maize inbred lines ZPLB402 and ZPLB405. respectively. The analysis of components of genetic variance for grain yield shows that the additive component (D) was lower than the dominant (H1 and H2) genetic variance, while a positive component F and the frequency of dominant (u) and recessive (v) genes for this observed trait point to prevalence of dominant genes over recessive ones. Furthermore. this is confirmed by the ratio of dominant to recessive genes in parental genotypes for grain yield (Kd/Kr> 1) that is greater than unity in both years of investigation. The estimated value of the average degree of dominance (H1/D)1/2 exceeds unity, pointing out to superdominance in inheritance of this trait in both years of investigation. Results of Vr/Vr regression analysis indicate superdominance in inheritance of grain yield. Moreover. a registered presence of non-allelic interaction points out to the need to study effects of epistasis, as it can have a greater significance in certain hybrids. A greater value of dominant than additive variance resulted in high values of broad-sense heritability for grain yield in both investigation years (98.71%, i.e. 97.19% in 1997, i.e. 1998, respectively). and low values of narrow-sense heritability (11.9% in 1997 and 12.2% in 1998).
Phenotypic variability and heritability of plant height in wheat, Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Zecevic Veselinka , Knezevic Desimir , Micanovic Danica
Published: July 2008

Variability, heritability and components of variance have been studied in 50 cultivars from different selection centers all over the world. The experiment was performed in randomized block design in three replications on the experimental field during two seasons. A total number of 60 plants have been analyzed in the full maturity stage. The analyzed cultivars displayed very significant differences in the average value of plant height. The average variability of plant height was V=7.4%. The lowest variability of plant height was found in the Fundulea cultivar (V=5.2%), and the highest in Norin 10 (V=9.8%) cultivar. The obtained heritability value in broad sense was very high for plant height (h2=95.9%). Phenotypic analysis of variance indicated that there was a larger influence of genetic factors for plant height (84.32%) than influence of environmental factors on expressing of analyzed yield components.
Genotype and environment effects on yield and quality of winter garlic
Authors: Gvozdanovic-Varga Jelica , Vasic Mirjana , Cervenski Janko , Bugarski Dusanka
Published: July 2008

Genotype response to changeable environmental factors as ex-pressed through genotype x environment interaction offers important in-formation to breeders and growers as end users. Bulb mass and dry matter yield per bulb are major components of garlic yield and quality. The paper analyzed G x E interaction of 18 winter garlic genotypes (13 populations and five clones) across three growing seasons. Main effects of the genotype, environment and their interaction were determined applying the AMMI model. Year was the major source of variability for bulb mass (70.7%), while G x E interaction amounted to 6.18%. Dry matter yield was most variable under the effect of genotype (46.91%) and the interaction was high, 13.45%. The first principal component was important for bulb mass and dry matter yield since it explained 77.52% and 78.39% of the G x E interactions, respectively. A biplot was constructed to graphically represent the G x E interaction.
Genotype and environmental interaction effect on heterosis expression in maize
Authors: Kresovic Branka , Videnovic Zivorad , Tolimir Miodrag
Published: July 2008

The three-year studies on effects of irrigation and sowing densities were carried out on chernozem at Zemun Polje in the period 1998-2000. The four-replicate trial was set up according to the split-plot design. Six ZP maize hybrids (ZP 360, ZP 539, ZP 580, ZP 633, ZP 677. and ZP 704) were sown in seven densities (40,816, 50,125, 59,523, 69,686, 79,365, 89,286 and 98,522 plants ha-1) under both, irrigation and rainfed conditions. Obtained results indicate that yields of hybrids under irrigation conditions were lower at sowing densities up to 50.000 plants ha-1 (40,816 and 50,125). The hybrid ZP 539 had similar yields (13.44-13.93 t ha-1) at densities ranging from 60,000 to 100,000 plants ha-1. The highest yields of hybrids ZP 360 and ZO 580 were achieved with the densities of 80,000, 90,000 and 100,000 plants ha-1. The hybrid ZP 633 had the highest yields at the densities of 60,000-90,000 plants ha-1, while the highest yields of the hybrids ZP 677 and ZP 704 were achieved with densities of 60,000-100,000 plants ha-1. The curvilinear regression was determined by the analysis of dependence of achieved yields of maize hybrids on sowing densities. The following maximum yields could be expected under irrigation conditions: ZP 360 - 14.19 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 93,500 plants ha-1; ZP 539 - 14.03 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 78,500 plants ha-1; ZP 580 - 14.41 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 95,700 plants ha-1; ZP 633 - 13.64 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 80,000 plants ha-1: ZP 677 - 13.31 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 92,250 plants ha-1 and ZP 704 - 14.33 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 84,111 plants ha-1.
Induction and micropropagation potential of sugar beet haploids
Authors: Nagl Nevena , Mezei Snezana , Kovacev Lazar , Vasic Dragana , Cacic Nikola
Published: July 2008

The aim of research was obtaining sugar beet haploids via gyno-genesis and their micropropagation. Haploids were obtained by ovule culture from fourteen diploid, monogerm, fertile genotypes. On the tested nutrient media genotypes exhibited different gynogenic potential. Eight haploid plant were chosen for further investigation and after development of first leaves put on micropropagation medium. The presence of cyto-kinin in medium stimulated development of axillary buds, while in some genotypes adventitious buds developed as well. Multiplication rate was not consistent, although number of developed plants grew after each sub-cultivation. Differences in plant multiplication started to differ after four subcultures. By testing of differences between correlation coefficients, i.e. multiplication rate during six subcultivations, it was determined that they significantly differ between tested genotypes.
The frequency of allelic lethals and complementation maps in natural populations of drosophila melanogaster from Mexico
Authors: Salceda Victor
Published: July 2008

Departing from a previous study on the genetic loads affecting the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster in four natural populations, 171 lethal chromosomes were recovered and maintained as a balanced stocks in the condition Cy L / 1 (l=lethal); of those lethais 24 correspond to population A, 50 to populations B and C and 47 to population D. later on an intra-population allelism test for the four populations was performed for each one. A total of 3807 inter lethal crosses were done yielding a total of i 10 allelic combinations, from them the respective percentage of allelism for each population was calculated and they are as follow: 3.98 % for population A, 1.80 % for population B, 3.67 % for population C and 2.96 % for population D. the observed values for the frequency of allelism in these populations are not significantly different from those reported by other authors in similar studies in natural and/or experimental populations. Beside these values the frequency for singles, doubles, triplets and even quadruplets present in each population were determined, they shown the presence of various complementation maps due to the clustering of few different lethals: also a large complementation map formed by a large cluster involving the presence of 26 different lethals found in population D all of them combined constituting a single unit was found.
Phenotypic stability of yield components in protein sunflower
Authors: Dijanovic Dijana , Kraljevic-Balalic Marija , Stankovic Vesna , Mihajlovic Ivan
Published: July 2008

Phenotypic stability of the yield components of three sunflower (Helianthus annum L) inbred lines in their third, fourth and fifth year of self-pollination was analyzed. Stability parameters were calculated following an Eberhart and Russell (1966) model. According to regression coefficients, the investigated lines showed satisfactory stability of the protein content in seeds and weight per 1000 seeds. The line D4441 in the third year of self-pollination was identified as the most stabile one regarding protein content. As for weight per 1000 seeds, the best genotype stability was detected in the line Rs 4 I 10 in its fourth year of self-pollination.
Ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm (Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall)
Authors: Aleksic Jelena , Orlovic Sasa
Published: July 2008

Principles of the conservation of genetic resources of elms (Ulmus spp) do not differ fundamentally from the general principles accepted for the conservation of genetic resources of other common Noble Hardwoods. Efficient conservation can best be achieved through appropriate combination of in situ and ex situ methods, which have distinct advantages. Besides that, ex situ conservation is employed when emergency measures are needed for rare endangered populations and when populations are too small to be managed in situ (e.g. risks of genetic drift and inbreeding). The aim of our research is ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm {Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall) through establishment of field genebanks. Sampling was conducted in one population of field elm and one population of white elm. Plant material (buds) from 8 trees of field elm and 10 trees of white elm was used for in vitro production of clones. Obtained clones will be used for establishment of field genebanks on the experimental estate of the Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment.
A genetic base of utilisation of maize cob as a valuable naturally renewable raw material
Authors: Bozovic Irina , Radosavljevic Milica , Zilic Sladjana , Jovanovic Rade
Published: July 2008

The original technological method of the maize cob processing has been developed at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, by which lignocellulose granules of different particle sizes are produced from the cob. Different chemical composition and physical and chemical properties of these fractions, and especially a great capacity of binding liquids particularly oil and water determine, their usage as degreasing and drying means. Due to their great hardness and abrasive capacity, products made from ground cobs are usable for polishing in the metal processing industry, while the composition of certain compounds (pento-san) are of a particular importance in the chemical industry for the pro duction of furfural and its derivates. As these products are inert, of neutral pH and free of heavy metals they are used as organic carriers in the pro duction of pesticides and agro-chemicals, as well as, in cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industry.
Inheritance of plant height and spike length in wheat
Authors: Gorjanovic Biljana , Kraljevic-Balalic Marija
Published: July 2008

Using the line x tester analysis (Sing and Choudhary, 1979), we studied the combining ability, gene effects and mode of inheritance of plant height and spike length, using 5 females, 3 testers and 15 F] hybrids of wheat. The mode of inheritance of characters under study depended on the cross combination and the year of growing. In most cases the mode of inheritance was dominant. Estimation of the genetic components of variation as well as ratio of GCA/SCA showed that plant height in the first year and spike length in the second year of research were predominantly controlled by additive gene action. Non-additive gene effects have been found to be more important than additive ones in the inheritance of plant height in the second year and spike length in the first year of research. The estimates of general combining ability (GCA) pointed out that the best general combiner for the plant height in the first year was line NS 31/96, while in the second year the best combiner was variety Fundulea 490. For the spike length the best general combiner in the both years was line NS 31/96. The line NS 31/96 was the best general combiner in this research and it can be used in wheat breeding.
Analysis of morphological traits of bird's foot trefoil plants cv. Bokor transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes
Authors: Nikolic Radomirka , Mitic Nevena
Published: July 2008

An efficient method for genetic transformation and shoot regeneration was achieved in bird's foot trefoil cv. Bokor using A. rhizogens. The transformed shoots were regenerated on hairy root segments in high frequency. After rooting and acclimation, transformed To plants were grown in experimental field. Analysis of morphological traits and chemical content in ten unintentionally chosen To bird's foot trefoil plants (genotypes no. 2 and no. 5) was performed. They were compared to those of control non-transformed plants. The traits as a number of stems per plant, length of internodes in longest stem, number of flowers per plant and plan high were very significant differed than the same traits in control plants, while there were no significant differences in the leaf area. No signs of the rol genes genotype and "T" phenotype were present. The transformed plants had significantly higher content of cellulose, while the protein and nitrogen contents of are in the range of control plants.
Phenotype variability and inheritance of leaf shape in F1 generation of sunflower
Authors: Terzic Sreten , Atlagic Jovanka
Published: July 2008

Populations of wild sunflower species were crossed with cms cultivated lines because of their high variability. Variability was determined by measuring inflorescence diameter, ray flower number and the leaf length and width. The data was used for hierarchical cluster analysis in the SYSTAT 10 program and the obtained dendrogram was used to interpret divergence of used populations. Comparing 25 hybrid populations with parents tested the modes of inheritance. Cluster analysis divided plants in to three groups. The first ones were inbred lines of cultivated sunflower. In the middle of the cluster tree were annual wild species and the third group were perennial wild species. The mean value differences in observed traits between parents were significant. All modes of inheritance were present in Fi generation. Intermediate was the most frequent followed by equal number of partially dominant and dominant ones and in two hybrid combinations, negative heterotic effect was scored.
Gene effect and combining abilities for plant height and head diameter in sunflower
Authors: Gvozdenovic Sandra , Joksimovic Jovan , Skoric Dragan
Published: July 2008

Plant height and head diameter are important parameters which effect on a yield in sunflower. Six restorer Rf lines, three tester A lines and their 18 Fl hybrids were studied, using line x tester method. Significant differences were found between restorer lines and testers and their Fl hybrids for plant height and head diameter. Regarding the inheritance of examined characteristic, super dominance and dominance of better parent occurred, and the intermediary too. Tester line HA-48A (188.25 cm) and Fl hybrid HA-48A x RHA-SELEUS (245.10 cm) had the highest mean value for plant height, and the lowest value had line RHA-BRE-1 (105.35 cm) and hybrid L-19A x RHA-BRE-1 (147.9 cm). For head diameter, the highest mean value had line L-19A (19.02 cm) and Fl hybrids HA-48A x RHA-TR-20 and L-19A x RHA-TR-20 (24.55 cm), and the lowest line RHA-BRE-1 (13.10 cm) and hybrid HA-26A x RHA-M-72 (20.25 cm). Based on the results, the following conclusion is that lines RHA-BRE-1 for plant height and RHA-SELEUS for head diameter have the best GCA, and the best SCA have hybrids L-19A x RHA-BRE-1 for plant height and HA-26A x RHA-SELEUS for head diameter. Analyzing components of genetic variance, the nonadditive component played the main role in the inheritance of plant height and the additive of head diameter. The largest average contribution in the expression of plant height had the tester A-lines (83.17%) and for head diameter Rf lines had the greatest influence (58.13%).
Effects of the sowing density on the yield and the number of germinated seeds in seed maize
Authors: Jovin Predrag , Rosulj Milorad , Tolimir Miodrag , Milenkovic Jasmina
Published: July 2008

The trials were carried out in the regular production of the seed maize ZP 680 at the agricultural estate "Nova Buducnost" Zarkovac during 2001 and 2002. Sowing densities (71,400, 85,500, 99,900 plants ha"1) affected varying of yields (4.01, 4.38. 4.40 t ha"1). The 1000-seed weight decreased over increased densities (305.6, 2912, 282.5 g). Germination was even over densities (95.0, 94.9, 94.7 %). A greater number of germinated seeds per area unit (13,122,000, 15,022,000, 15,569,000) was obtained in greater densities. The percentile share of fractions in the weight was uniform over all sowing densities.
Properties and variability of douglas-fir seedlings -Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco-
Authors: Anastasijevic Nebojsa , Ocokoljic Mirjana , Vratusa Vesna
Published: July 2008

Based on the comparative morphophysiological analysis of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings, three half-sib lines from Quercetum farneto-cerris s.l. site, and three half-sib lines from Saliceto-Populeturn s.l. site, the data on seedling characteristics and variability of this cultivated species are discussed. The paper also ascertains the variability of seedling properties that affect mother tree selection and production technology of plant material of desired characteristics for the application in forestry and landscape architecture and horticulture.
Morphological and molecular variability of Helianthus giganteus L. and Helianthus maximiliani Sch. species
Authors: Saftic-Pankovic Dejana , Atlagic Jovanka , Miljanovic Tomka , Radovanovic Natasa
Published: July 2008

Genus Helianthus consists of 49 species. Two species H. giganteus L. and H. maximiliani Sch., distributed and collected in North America, were investigated. In order to determine morphological variability in/between these two species, fifteen populations of each species were used. Thirty traits were measured on five plants per species, grown in the same conditions in the wild species nursery at Rimski Sancevi. According to the investigated morphological traits, three species of H. giganteus were closer to H. maximiliani populations, which possibly indicates the existence of a new intraspecies taxon in H. giganteus. In order to test this hypothesis molecular variability of the same populations-species, was also investigated. The polymorphism of genomic DNA, that was isolated from frozen leaves, was investigated by microsatellites, recently shown to be the most powerful for the analysis of molecular genetic variability in genus Helianthus. Obtained results confirm the high variability between examined populations. Dendrograms constructed by cluster analysis of examined morphological traits and molecular markers are discussed.
Productivity of some winter wheat genotypes
Authors: Biberdzic Milan , Djordjevic Midrag , Barac Sasa , Deletic Nebojsa , Stojkovic Slavisa
Published: July 2008

Yields given by different genotypes are affected by many factors, but mostly by genotype, climatic conditions and applied growing practice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish productivity of many winter wheat genotypes in southern Serbia, through macro-trials. The results showed the difference of grain yield mean between the investigated seasons, and that difference amounted about 1300 kg/ha. The average yield was the highest in cultivars Toplica, Stamena, Evropa, NS-rana 5, and Renesansa. The lowest grain yield was given by cultivars Tina, Sara, Sreca, and Mina.
Genetic divergence and its implication in breeding of desired plant type in coriander -Coriandrum sativum L.-
Authors: Singh S.P. , Katiyar R.S. , Rai S.K. , Tripathi S.M. , Srivastva J.P.
Published: July 2008

Seventy germplasm lines of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) of diverse eco-geographical origin were undertaken in present investigation to determine the genetic divergence following multivariate and canonical analysis for seed yield and its 9 component traits. The 70 genotypes were grouped into 9 clusters depending upon the genetic architecture of genotypes and characters uniformity and confirmed by canonical analysis. Seventy percent of total genotypes (49/70) were grouped in 4 clusters (V, VI, VIII and IX), while apparent diversity was noticed for 30 percent genotypes (21/70) that diverged into 5 clusters (I, II, III, FV, and VII). The maximum inter cluster distance was between I and IV (96.20) followed by III and IV (91.13) and I and VII (87.15). The cluster VI was very unique having genotypes of high mean values for most of the component traits. The cluster VII had highest seeds/umbel (35.3 ? 2.24), and leaves/plant (12.93 ? 0.55), earliest flowering (65.05 ? 1.30) and moderately high mean values for other characters. Considering high mean and inter cluster distance breeding plan has been discussed to select desirable plant types.
Advances in development of transgenic resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in sugar beet
Authors: Nagl Nevena , Atanasov Ivan , Rusanov Krasimir , Paunovic Svetlana , Kovacev Lazar , Atanasov Atanas
Published: July 2008

Fragments of viral cDNA containing the coat protein gene of beet necrotic yellow vein virus were cloned in plant transformation vector pCAMBIA3301M with the bar gene as selectable marker. Vector pC3301MCPL carrying coat protein gene with leader sequence, and pC3301MCPS with coat protein gene, were used in Agrobacterium - mediated transformation of sugar beet. The transformation method used was based on the fact that sugar beet develops axillary shoots in in vitro conditions, when placed on media with citokinins. Since this ability is not genotype or ploidy dependant it is widely used for sugar beet vegetative multiplication. Sterile seedlings, with removed cotyledons and lower half of hypocotyl, were used as starting material. After transformation ex-plants were put on micropropagation medium with cephotaxime and phosphinotricyn (ppt), where axillary shoots started to develop. Since concentration of ppt was not selective enough, after two subcultivations it was increased twofold. Only one sample, transformed with pC3301MCPS preserved morphogenetic potential for micropropagatio, and it was tested for presence of COS fragment and bar gene bz PCR with soecific primers.
Genetic divergence of Oblacinska sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) clones
Authors: Nikolic Dragan , Rakonjac Vera , Milutinovic Momcilo , Fotiric Milica
Published: July 2008

Based on examination of 10 important pomologic and technologic properties, genetic divergence of 10 selected Oblacinska sour cherry clones was established. The genetic divergence between the analyzed clones was determined using the hierarchical cluster analysis. The UPGA method was used and the Euclidean distance in order to determine the difference between the groups. Four similar clone groups were obtained on the dendrogram. The objective of clone differentiation was primarily yield, although other properties were taken into account as well. As the most yielded clones for the production, that can be recommended, were clone D8 or clone D4 that are genetically very similar, and clone D3.
Interrelationship of pollination conditions, fertilization and sunflower seed yield
Authors: Joksimovic Jovan , Atlagic Jovanka , Miklic Vladimir , Dusanic Nenad , Sakac Zvonimir
Published: July 2008

Four commercially important sunflower hybrids (NS-H-45, NS-H-l 11, NS-H-702 and Velja) and their parental components (Ha-74B, Ha-98B, CMS-3-8B, Ha-26B, RHA-583, RHA-R-PI-2/1 and RHA-113N) were used over a period of two years to study the following traits: disk flower corolla length, nectar content, pollen viability, bee visitation, fertilization percentage and seed yield. Relations among the traits were determined by path coefficient analysis. The simple correlation coefficients showed that fertilization percentage and bee visitation had a highly significant influence on seed yield. The corolla length had a positive effect on nectar content, while nectar content had a significant negative influence on pollen viability. The highest significant direct influence on seed yield was that of fertilization percentage, while the effect on nectar content on seed yield was negative but not significant. The coefficient of determination was 0.8071.
B73 and related inbred lines in maize breeding
Authors: Stojakovic Milisav , Bekavac Goran , Vasic Nenad
Published: July 2008

Inbred lines B73 and Mol7 or some versions thereof are the most commonly used parental pair in the development of medium late and late maize hybrids in Serbia and Montenegro. Because of the ever-increasing importance of line B73 in maize hybrid production, we chose several B73-type lines and a few unrelated lines and crossed them. Using the pedigree method, progenies were developed up to the S6 generation. The grain yield potential of test crosses with Mo 17 inbred tester, as well as ear length, number of grain rows per ear and 1,000-grain mass of lines per-se were tested. Among the new inbred lines related to B73, line 260277/2 distinguished itself by a high potential for grain yield when crossed with Mo 17. Inbred lines 260465/1, 260362/1, 260747/4, 260357/13, 260151/2 and 260156/2 had a significantly longer ear than the mean value of all progenies. Compared with progeny mean, lines 260341/7, 260317/4, 260277/2 and 260187/2 had significantly more grain rows per ear, while 260362/1, 260130/5, 260277/2, 260151/2 and 260187/2 had a significantly larger 1,000-grain mass.
Comparison of Amaranthus cruentus and Zea mays L. stach characteristics
Authors: Radosavljevic Milica
Published: July 2008

Starch is a very important, naturally renewable and relatively inexpensive raw material. Since the current industrial production establishes demands pertaining starch quality, a greater attention has been paid to development and improvement of existing technological procedures for starch isolated from different botanical sources. This paper describes the procedure for amaranth starch isolation. Starch was isolated from Amaranthus cruentus seeds by low alkaline steeping and protease treatments. The properties of isolated amaranth starch were analyzed and compared with those of normal and waxy maize starches.
Characterization methods and fingerprinting of agronomical important crop species
Authors: Galovic Vladislava , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana , Navalusic Julijana , Zlokolica Marija
Published: July 2008

Continued usage of morphological data to describe agronomical important genotypes indicates that those data retain popularity as descriptors of plant species. However, the need is arising for their more detailed description by laboratory-based biochemical and molecular methods. The standardization of those techniques has been achieved by ISTA and UPOV through DUS testing that is the basis of the system of protection of Plant Breeders Rights. Not only by morphological characterization but also by combining morphological, biochemical and molecular aspects in identification and description of agronomical important genotypes, it is possible to reveal their unique genetic profiles e.g. fingerprints. In this review we summarized the techniques that proved to be successfully applied in biochemical and molecular characterization of agronomical important genotypes. Obtaining their unique genetic profiles due to application of those methods, it is now possible to precisely characterize them with most certainty and reproducibility.