bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma Diagnostics of the Supernova Remnant N132D using Deep XMM–Newton Observations with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer
Authors: Suzuki Hitomi , Yamaguchi Hiroya , Ishida Manabu , Uchida Hiroyuki , Plucinsky Paul P. , Foster Adam R. , Miller Eric D.
Published: August 2020

We present XMM–Newton observations of N132D, the X-ray brightest supernova remnant in the Large Magellanic Cloud, using the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS), which enables high-resolution spectroscopy in the soft X-ray band. A dozen emission lines from L-shell transitions of Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe at intermediate charge states are newly detected in the RGS data integrating the ∼200 ks on-axis observations. This enables accurate abundance measurements of these elements, whose K-shell emission is out of the RGS bandpass. The 0.3–2.0-keV spectra require at least three components of thermal plasmas with different electron temperatures and indicate clear evidence of non-equilibrium ionization (NEI). Our detailed spectral diagnostics further reveal that the forbidden-to-resonance line ratios of O vii and Ne ix are both higher than expected for typical NEI plasmas. This enhancement could be attributed to either resonance scattering or emission induced by charge exchange in addition to a possible contribution from the superposition of multiple-temperature components, although the lack of spatial information prevents us from concluding which is most likely.
High-resolution Spectroscopic Monitoring Observations of FU Orionis–type Object, V960 Mon
Authors: Park Sunkyung , Lee Jeong-Eun , Pyo Tae-Soo , Jaffe Daniel T. , Mace Gregory N. , Sung Hyun-Il , Lee Sang-Gak , Kang Wonseok , Oh Hyung-Il , Yoon Tae Seog , Yoon Sung-Yong , Green Joel D.
Published: August 2020

We present the results of high-resolution (R ≥ 30,000) optical and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic monitoring observations of an FU Orionis–type object (FUor), V960 Mon, which underwent an outburst in 2014 November. We have monitored this object with the Bohyunsan Optical Echelle Spectrograph and the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph since 2014 December. Various features produced by a wind, disk, and outflow/jet were detected. The wind features varied over time and continually weakened after the outburst. We detected double-peaked line profiles in the optical and NIR, and the line widths tend to decrease with increasing wavelength, indicative of Keplerian disk rotation. The disk features in the optical and NIR spectra fit well with G-type and K-type stellar spectra convolved with a kernel to account for the maximum projected disk rotation velocities of about 40.3 ± 3.8 km s−1 and 36.3 ± 3.9 km s−1, respectively. We also report the detection of [S ii] and H2 emission lines, which are jet/outflow tracers and rarely found in FUors.
Concept Clarification and Critical Thinking: Integrated Processes
Authors: Kramer Maeona K
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Concept clarification is centrally important to theory development. While often understood as a formula-driven task, concept clarification is really a process that engages critical thinking. Clarification creates multiple meanings through: (1) formulating purposes, (2) choosing, examining, and integrating data sources, and (3) representing a final conceptualization that can also be examined for adequacy. Within each of these processes, critical thinking is engaged as: (1) assumptions are identified and challenged, (2) the importance of context in creating meaning is revealed, (3) alternative interpretations are imagined and explored, and (4) reflective skepticism is cultivated. The central challenge in concept clarification is to understand how words create things.
Hacia un marco para la conservación a largo plazo de paisajes en terrazas en Suiza: casos de estudio en antiguas terraza con cultivos y viñedos
Authors: Liechti Karina , Rodewald Raimund
Published: August 2020

Los paisajes de terrazas se encuentran entre los paisajes culturales más expresivos de Suiza con un alto valor ecológico, cultural, identificativo y recreativo. Pero en muchas regiones, estos paisajes están amenazados, porque los agricultores están abandonando las tierras agrícolas marginales y ya no mantienen las terrazas. En este artículo, proponemos un marco de condiciones básicas formales y de procedimiento que debe considerarse al desarrollar y operar en proyectos de conservación del paisaje, e ilustrarlos y validarlos con tres casos de estudio. Los resultados muestran que un organismo rector ampliamente aceptado (local y externamente) es decisivo para que el proyecto tenga éxito a largo plazo. Dicho organismo está en condiciones de abordar la complejidad de la gestión, la financiación, la coordinación del proyecto y cooperación, al tiempo que promueve la coherencia entre actores e integra a los actores externos locales e interesados en las estructuras comunales. Esto, a su vez, ayuda a mejorar otros factores de éxito, como la integración ecológica y la conservación del hábitat, la generación de fondos para cubrir los costes operativos y la inclusión del trabajo comunitario.
Caracterización de recubrimientos NiCrBSiMo depositados por rociado térmico por flama usando diferentes parámetros de depósito
Authors: Ruiz-Luna Haideé , Méndez-Medrano Karla O. , Montoya Dávila Miguel , Baltazar-Hernández Víctor H.
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo reporta la optimización de los parámetros de procesamiento de un recubrimiento base Ni. El efecto de tres variables de depósito, i.e., distancia de rociado, química de la flama y diámetro de la boquilla, fue evaluado sobre la estructura cristalina, porcentaje de porosidad, dureza y espesor del recubrimiento. El análisis se realizó en dos etapas, la primera consistió en determinar la influencia de la distancia de rociado sobre las características estructurales y microestructurales de los recubrimientos. En la segunda etapa se empleó un diseño de experimentos factorial 22 para evaluar el efecto del diámetro de la boquilla y la química de la flama sobre la porosidad, dureza y espesor del recubrimiento. Los resultados indicaron que la distancia de rociado afecta fuertemente la porosidad. A una distancia intermedia las partículas impactadas alcanzan un aplanamiento adecuado disminuyendo la porosidad, mientras que ésta última aumenta a distancias cortas y largas como resultado de la extensa o limitada deformación de las partículas al momento del impacto, respectivamente. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos del análisis del diámetro de la boquilla y la química de la flama, se observó que el primero tiene un efecto predominante en la microestructura y dureza de los recubrimien­tos. El uso de un diámetro pequeño de boquilla y una flama neutra reduce la porosidad e incrementa la dureza de los recubrimientos. Mediante la optimización de los parámetros se lograron obtener recubrimientos NiCrBSiMo con bajo contenido de porosidad y alto grado de dureza usando un proceso de rociado térmico de bajo costo.
The Study on High Temperature Stability Test of Ni/Cr Cold Spray Coating
Authors: Tharajak Jirasak , Sanpo Noppakun
Published: August 2020

Recently cold spray coating technology was used for many applications in petrochemical business especially for high temperature required section. For this reason, the applied coating must be able to withstand at least 800 °C. The developed Ni/Cr cold spray coating was studied mainly on high temperature resistant property. Ni/Cr with the ratio of 80/20 feedstock powders revealed the highest deposition efficiency and it was selected to use as optimum feedstock powder compositions for the less of experimental study. Finally, it was found that Ni/Cr cold spray coatings reveal excellent thermal stability performance after completed both corrosion and thermal shock tests.
Hysteresis Effect of Sensor Materials for Measuring of Brinell Hardness Truncated Using High-Frequency of Cyclic Measurement
Authors: Muangma Rakdiaw , Supawan Kanitta
Published: August 2020

This presentation focuses on the high-frequency of cyclic measurement that can be used for minimizing the effect of mechanical hysteresis. By this experiment, the investigating conditions include the periods of cyclic loading were varied as following: 1500, 1250, 1000, and 500 counts per period and the time interval between the periods of cyclic loading was fixed at 1 hour. After modifying procedures, it was found that the linearity of characteristic curve with condition of 500 counts per period demonstrated more clearly than random one. Finally, the linking between the Active Weight Loading (AWL) and the Weight Loading (WL) elucidated using the characteristic curves, while, the cyclic measuring of AWL exhibited in the ranging: 7.0 to 110.0 N which were exhibited using the Graphical User Interface (GUI), respectively.
Determination of Residual Heavy Metals in an Incinerator Bottom Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Power Plant
Authors: Chansuvarn Woravith
Published: August 2020

Bottom ash is a part of by-product from the municipal solid waste power plants which is always a wider problem for the urban and rural communities due to its disposal plants may cause serious environmental pollution. This work was focused on the residual heavy metal in an incinerator bottom ash from the municipal waste power plant placed in Nongkham district, Bangkok. Four bottom ash samples were obtained in 2017. After drying and grounding, the bottom ash samples were prepared to clear solution with the microwave digestion technique using nitric, hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid under the heating program. The total residual heavy metals in the incinerator bottom ashes, such as lead, copper, zinc, and cadmium were determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS) with deuterium background correction. The total concentration of lead, copper, zinc and cadmium were found in the range of 280.40-354.22mg kg-1, 365.35-524.45 mg kg-1, 1,527.25-2,074.34 mg kg-1, and 0.48-1.02 mg kg-1, respectively. The recovery of all metals was found in the range of 89.4-101.2% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was to be 2.15-3.55 % (n=7). The concentration of zinc, copper, and lead was found high levels, while cadmium was low concentration. Heavy metals in solid waste material occur in different chemical forms and phases. The sample preparation based on the microwave digestion was successfully developed for the waste samples with a good reliability.
Zebrafish RBM47 Promotes Lysosome-Dependent Degradation of MAVS to Inhibit IFN Induction
Authors: Lu Long-Feng , Zhang Can , Zhou Xiao-Yu , Li Zhuo-Cong , Chen Dan-Dan , Zhou Yu , Zhou Fang , Zhang Yong-An , Li Shun
Published: August 2020

IFN is essential for hosts to defend against viral invasion, whereas it must be tightly regulated to prevent hyperimmune responses. Fish mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is a vital factor for IFN production, but until now, there have been few studies on the regulation mechanisms of fish MAVS enabling IFN to be properly controlled. In this study, we show that zebrafish RNA-binding motif protein 47 (RBM47) promotes MAVS degradation in a lysosome-dependent manner to suppress IFN production. First, the transcription of IFN activated by polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), spring viremia of carp virus, or retinoic acid–inducible gene I (RIG-I)–like receptor pathway components were significantly suppressed by RBM47. Second, RBM47 interacted with MAVS and promoted lysosome-dependent degradation of MAVS, changing the cellular location of MAVS from the cytoplasm to the lysosome region. Finally, RBM47 inhibited downstream MITA and IRF3/7 activation, impairing the host antiviral response. Collectively, these data suggest that zebrafish RBM47 negatively regulates IFN production by promoting lysosome-dependent degradation of MAVS, providing insights into the role of RBM47 in the innate antiviral immune response in fish.
Ground ice map of Canada
Authors: O'Neill H B , Wolfe S A , Duchesne C
Published: August 2020

This Open File presents new national-scale mapping of ground ice conditions in Canada. The mapping depicts a first-order estimate of the combined volumetric percentage of excess ice in the top 5 m of permafrost from segregated, wedge, and relict ice. The
estimates for the three ice types are based on modelling by O'Neill et al. (2019) (https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-753-2019), and informed by available published values of ground ice content and expert knowledge. The mapping offers an improved depiction of ground ice in Canada at a broad scale,
incorporating current knowledge on the associations between geological and environmental conditions and ground ice type and abundance. It provides a foundation for hypothesis testing related to broad-scale controls on ground ice formation, preservation, and melt. Additional compilation of
quantitative field data on ground ice, and improvements to national-scale surficial geology mapping will allow further assessment and refinement of the representation of ground ice in Canada. Continued research will focus on improving the lateral and vertical representation of ground ice required
for incorporation into Earth system models and decision-making. Spatial data files of the mapping are available as downloads with this Open File.
Performance analysis of different machine learning algorithms in breast cancer predictions
Authors: Battineni Gopi , Chintalapudi Nalini , Amenta Francesco
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION: There is a great percentage of failures in clinical trials of early detection of breast cancer. To do this, machine learning (ML) algorithms are useful to do diagnosis and prediction of cancer tumors with better accuracy.OBJECTIVE: In this study, we develop an ML model coupled with limited features to produce high classification accuracy in tumor classification.METHODS: We considered a dataset of 569 females diagnosed as 212 malignant and 357 benign types. For model development, three supervised ML algorithms namely support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) were employed. Each model was further validated by 10-fold cross-validation and performance measures were defined to evaluate the model outcomes.RESULTS: Both SVM and LR models generated 97.66% accuracy with total feature evaluation. With selective features,the SVM accuracy was improved by 98.25%. Whereas the LR model including limited features produced 100% of true positive predictions.CONCLUSION: The proposed models involved by selective features could improve the prediction accuracy of a breast cancer diagnosis.
GIRÓN: LA LECCIÓN
Authors: González Barrios RENÉ
Published: August 2020

En el artículo se trata de una de las fechas más importantes de la historia de Cuba. La victoria de Playa Girón ha pasado a la historia como la “primera derrota” del imperialismo norteamericano en América
UNA APROXIMACIÓN A DOS HECHOS TRASCENDENTALESDE LA REVOLUCIÓN CUBANA
Authors: Rodríguez Ben JOSÉ ANTONIO
Published: August 2020

En el artículo se trata de tales hechos trascendentales de la Revolución Cubana, como la invasión mer-cenaria por Playa Girón y la proclamación del carácter socialista de la Revolución.
LA PRIMERA VISITA DE FIDEL A LA URSS
Authors: Diez Acosta TOMÁS
Published: August 2020

En el artículo se trata de la primera visita de Fidel Castro a la URSS en el año 1963 y de sus encuentros con Nikita Jruschov
RELIGIÓN Y REVOLUCIÓN CUBANA:UN DIÁLOGO DESDE LA NORMA JURÍDICA Y LA PRAXIS SOCIAL
Authors: Hernández YOANA
Published: August 2020

En el artículo se trata de la trayectoria histórica de religión en Cuba y del papel de la religión en la socie-dad cubana después del triunfo de la Revolución
CUBA EN LA POLÍTICA EXTERIOR DE ESTADOS UNIDOS HACIA AMÉRICA LATINA:PROYECCIONES DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN OBAMAEN UN CONTEXTO HEMISFÉRICO CAMBIANTE
Authors: Liberman TAMARA
Published: August 2020

En el artículo se trata de las relaciones cubano-norteamericanas bajo la Administración Obama
Perú: the path to a pluralistic society
Authors: Dabagyan Emil
Published: August 2020

This article is focused on the particularities of the Peruvian political development after the failure of A. Fujimori. His name embodies the consolidation of economy and slide toward authoritarianism which resulted in the acute crisis and the collapse of the regime. Subsequently, Perú started advancing along the democratic paradigm assuming the regular changes in power of political leaders regardless their ideological preferences according to the universally recognized norms and principles
Actual processes in the Spanish journalist discourse: Grammar and Syntax
Authors: Alimova Rosana R.
Published: August 2020

In the article on the basis of practical examples the author consideres a number of actual processes and features of grammatical character in a discourse of modern Spanish mass media.
Universal Message of Peace in the Light of Qur'an and Hadith
Authors: Badaruddin Qari
Published: August 2020

History of the world teaches us that the mental instability of Halaku, Changez Khan and Hitler resulted in the great human blood baths and the destruction world peace. Presently, the rulers of the White House and the White Hall are treading the same path of violence and bloodshed. Contrariwise, the concept of peace is so entrenched in Islam that the other religions of world can scarcely stand parallel to it. The message of universal peace in Islam has the sole objective of bring the various nations of the world nearer to one another and establish a society and world state in which the entire humankind can live in a state of perpetual peace and tranquillity. We, the Muslims of the world should try to take measures against the obstacles in the way of peace and stability according to the teachings of Islam. To achieve his noble objective the Muslims should show determination to tread the path of righteousness and piety. If will result in the establishment of peace, stability and tranquillity throughout the length and breadth of the world. In the present era, the Muslims are themselves responsible for the absence of peace in the Muslim world particularly, and in the entire world generally. The reason is that Muslims have distanced themselves from the teachings of the Quran and Ahadis. The strategy should be to acquaint the Muslims with the teachings of Islam and then spread these teachings among other nations of the world. The consequence will be the Universal peace, stability and tranquillity.
Implementasi Deteksi Tepi Canny Dengan Transformasi Powerlaw Dalam Mendeteksi Stadium Kanker Serviks
Authors: Tsani Nurul Baety , Harliana Harliana
Published: August 2020

Kanker serviks merupakan salah satu jenis penyakit yang banyak menyerang kaum perempuan. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah adanya infeksi dari Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Saat ini pendeteksian HPV hanya melalui pengambilan gambar permukaan serviks yang dikenal dengan pemeriksaan kolposkopi. Selanjutnya gambar dari pemeriksaan tersebut akan digunakan  petugas medis dalam pemeriksaan kanker serviks. Pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan cara mengamati gambar secara langsung dengan kemampuan visual petugas. Proses pemeriksaan inilah yang sangat membutuhkan konsentrasi dan ketelitian. Untuk menangani permasalahan tersebut, maka penulis mencoba membuat suatu aplikasi pengolahan citra untuk mendeteksi kanker serviks melalui metode canny dan transformasi powerlaw. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah suatu aplikasi pengolahan citra untuk mendeteksi kanker serviks. Parameter keberhasilan sistem yang penulis gunakan adalah perbandingan hasil diagnosa sistem dengan hasil diagnosa dokter. Diagnosa dokter terhadap 10 gambar menghasilkan prosentase akurasi sebesar 80%. Sedangkan rata-rata nilai running time terendah canny adalah 0,058 ms dan nilai MSE nya adalah 11296,3
Analisis Pengukuran Kualitas Website Terhadap Kepuasan Pengguna Berdasarkan Webqual 4.0
Authors: Riyanto Rizky Esa , Bachri Otong Saeful
Published: August 2020

Website merupakan pasar online yang berkembang secara pesat dan merubah pola bisnis dengan menggunakan internet sebagai alat komunikasi. Ebill Tour Organizer adalah salah satu perusahaan travel di bidang jasa yang menjadikan Website sebagai salah satu sarana promosi perusahaan. Sebagai salah satu perusahaan travel, perlu dilakukan evaluasi untuk menilai apa yang dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan dalam mengakses Website tersebut. Untuk menilai kepuasan pelanggan, kualitas dari layanan yang diberikan menjadi fokus utama yang sangat mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan. Untuk mengukur kepuasan pelanggan diperlukan metode dan alat ukur yang akurat dan sesuai, sepertiWebQual 4.0. Setelah dilakukan pengujian dari hasil penilaian pengguna Ebill Tour Organizer menggunakan WebQual 4.0, perlu dilakukan analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linier. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara signifikan, kualitas Website yang terdiri dari usability, information quality dan service interaction quality mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan Ebill Tour Organizer. Terlihat dari hubungan antar variabel bebas memberikan hubungan positif terhadap variabel kepuasan pelanggan.
Kombinasi Kriptografi Diffie – Hellman, Message – Digest 5 dan Rivest Chiper 4
Authors: Rodiyansyah Sandi Fajar , Wahyuni Tantri
Published: August 2020

Dalam berkomunikasi atau bertukar informasi didalam jaringan, tidak semua informasi bersifat publik. Tentunya dalam berkomunikasi bisa saja mengandung informasi yang bersifat pribadi atau rahasia sehingga tidak semua orang boleh mengetahuinya. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan tiga algoritma kriptografi, yaitu Diffie-Hellman, Message-Digest 5 dan Rivest Chiper 4. Dimana algoritma DH bertugas untuk menghasilkan kunci rahasia dari P, kunci publik dan kunci privat. Kemudian kunci rahasia yang dihasilkan algoritma DH tersebut dienkripsi menggunakan algoritma MD5, setelah kunci rahasia dienkripsi algoritma MD5,kunci tersebut digunakan sebagai kunci untuk mengenkripsi data teks didalam dokumen menggunakan algoritma RC4. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk dekripsi relatif sedikit lebih lama dibanding proses enkripsi selain itu salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi waktu pemrosesan adalah ukuran dokumen itu sendiri
Sistem Informasi Pengarsipan Surat-Surat Pada PT Sinergi Perkebunan Nusantara
Authors: Santi Dessy , Tongkuru Meri Kristina
Published: August 2020

Pengelolaan surat dalam suatu organisasi memegang peranan penting dalam proses administrasi. Dalam hal ini sistem tata persuratan menjadi salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh dalam pengelolaan surat. Pada PT. Sinergi Perkebunan Nusantara,Pengelolaan surat masuk dan surat keluar dilakukan secara manual mulai dari pencatatan surat, proses pencarian, dan penyimpanan yang membutuhkan waktu dan biaya yang tidak efektif dan efisien. Sistem informasi pengarsipan adalah solusi dari permasalahan ini. Sistem informasi Pengarsipan ini juga memudahkan proses komunikasi data antar bagian. Sistem informasi ini dibuat dengan menggunakan PHP sebagai bahasa pemrograman , MySQL sebagai database dengan menngunakan Metode Rapid Application Development (RAD). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah sistem informasi pengarsipan yang memberikan banyak kemudahan dalam proses pengelolaan surat surat termasuk pencarian surat, disposisi surat serta pendokumentasian dan pengarsipan surat-surat
Bosting an Oil Refinery into a Biorefinery
Authors: Chiarello Luana , Porto Tuanne , Barros António , Simionatto Edésio , Botton Vanderleia , Wiggers Vinicyus
Published: August 2020

The use of biofuels is increasingly important in order to mitigate the consumption of petroleum and increase the energy use of renewable sources. The estimative is that in 2040 the demand for oil will intensificate by 26% and part of it will have to be supplied by renewable energy. Biofuels offer a reliable alternative and among the process associated to biofuels production, thermal cracking results on a liquid product (bio-oil) with similar characteristics to the fossil fuels, particularly when performed with triglyceride sources (TG). In this sense, the main goal of this work is to propose an alternative sequence of chemical processes aiming to boost an oil refinery chain into a green refinery by producing, co-processing and improving bio-oil characteristics obtained from triglyceride source. Some bio-oil characteristics like density, acidity (AI), iodine index (II), oxygen content (OC), carbon number distribution and chemical compositions are presented. The properties of bio-oil obtained from the thermal cracking of triglycerides might be compared to petroleum and its derivate. Although the characteristics are similar between them, the bio-oil requires upgrading to reduce its high acid index, until achieve levels acceptable for its processing at a refinery. The content of olefins and oxygen might be reduced through hydrotreatment process. The hydrotreatment can promote the saturation of the double bonds and remove the oxygen atoms. The hydrotreatment unit is present in most of the refineries and further investigations are required to evaluate the hydrogen consumption. The proposal of this work is divided in four steps: the first is to produce bio-oil through triglyceride’s thermal cracking in a continuous and steady state regime; the second process is to promote the esterification of bio-oil to reduce its acid index; the third stage is co-processing bio-oil in a distillation unit being fractionated into desired fractions; the fourth step involves hydrotreatment to reduce both iodine index and oxygen content. Thus, the co-processing of bio-oil appears to be a promising approach to increasing the biofuels content in an oil refinery, to reduce sulfur and to maintain the quality parameters of commercial fuels.
Toxicidad producida por compuestos salinos en el proceso de germinación de Lactuca sativa
Authors: Reina Sofía , Correa Melissa , Freire Daniel
Published: August 2020

En este trabajo se presentar los resultados de la evaluación de toxicidad en los procesos germinativo y de crecimiento radicular de Lactuca sativa (Lechuga) por efecto del uso de compuestos salinos (NaCl, KCl and K2SO4). Se ha realizado ensayos en dos tipos de especies de semillas de Lactuca sativa negra y roja. Para el proceso se inoculo a una misma concentración los tres medios salinos y las semillas se incubaron por un periodo de 6 días. Tras este periodo se evaluó la longitud de las raíces, número de semillas germinadas en cada medio salino. Se evidenció que la salinidad influye sobre la germinación de distinta manera para las semillas rojas y negras con referencia al medio de cultivo de control. Palabras Clave: Ecotoxicología, toxicidad, germinación, Lactuca sativa. Referencias [1]R. Restrepo y M. Ortiz. «Pruebas de ecotoxicidad para establecer el potencial genotóxico del hipoclorito de sodio, mediante bulbos de cebolla Allium cepa L y semillas de lechuga Lactuca sativa L como bioindicadores». 2011. [En línea]. Disponible en: Revista Agropecuaria, 7-14. [2]M. Newman. «Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology». [En línea]. 2013. Disponible en: CRC Press, 1-250. [3]M. Lastiri y D. Álvarez. «Efecto de la salinidad en la germinación y emergencia de siete especies forrajeras». 2017. [En línea]. Disponible en: Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 1245-1257. [4]P. Chapman. Integrating toxicology and ecology: putting the "eco" into ecotoxicology». 2012. [En línea]. Disponible en: Marine Pollution Bulletin, 7-15. [5]M. Sorbero y A. Ronco. « Ensayo de toxicidad aguda con semillas de lechuga Lactuca sativa L. 2016 [En línea]. Disponible en: Ensayos de toxicidad aguda con semillas de lechuga» (págs. 55-67). IDRC. 2016. [6]OECD. Terrestrial Plant Test: 208: «Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test».2003 [En línea]. Disponible en: DRAFT DOCUMENT. [7]N. Foti y C. Billard. «Bioensayos de germinación con semillas de rucula y lechuga para monitoreo de calidad de agua». 2005. [En línea]. Disponible en: Revista Científica Agropecuaria, 47-53. [8]J. Laynez y J. Méndez. «Efecto de la salinidad del suelo sobre la germinacion de semillas de maíz de diferentes pesos». 2010. [En línea]. Disponible en: Revista Agronómica, 62-73. [9]Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda. (2014). «Ensayo de toxicidad aguda con semillas de lechuga Lactuca sativa L». 2014. [En línea] Disponible en: http://ibio.ddns.net/Ensayo_de_Ecotoxicidad.pdf. [10]E. Catalán, M. Inzunza, V. April y M. Villa. «Absorción y traslocación de sodio y cloro en plantas de chile fertilizadas con nitrógeno y crecidas con estrés salino ». 2006. [En línea] Disponible en: Food and agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 79-88.
Desempeño en métodos de navegación autónoma para robots móviles
Authors: Alvarez Gabriela , Flor Omar
Published: August 2020

En este trabajo se presenta una comparación de los tiempos de respuesta, optimización de la ruta y complejidad del grafo en métodos de planificación de trayectoria para robots móviles autónomos. Se contrastan los desarrollos de Voronoi, Campos potenciales, Roadmap probabilístico y Descomposición en celdas para la navegación en un mismo entorno y validándolos para un número variable de obstáculos. Las evaluaciones demuestran que el método de generación de trayectoria por Campos Potenciales, mejora la navegación respecto de la menor ruta obtenida, el método Rapidly Random Tree genera los grafos de menor complejidad y el método Descomposición en celdas, se desempeña con menor tiempo de respuesta y menor coste computacional. Palabras Clave: optimización, trayectoria, métodos de planificación, robots móviles. Referencias [1]H. Ajeil, K. Ibraheem, A. Sahib y J. Humaidi, “Multi-objective path planning of an autonomous mobile robot using hybrid PSO-MFB optimization algorithm, ” Applied Soft Computing, vol. 89, April 2020. [2]K.Patle, G. Babu, A. Pandey, D.R.K. Parhi y A. Jagadeesh, “A review: On path planning strategies for navigation of mobile robot,” Defence Technology, vol. 15, pp. 582-606, August 2019. [3]T. Mack, C. Copot, D. Trung y R. De Keyser, “Heuristic approaches in robot path planning: A survey,” Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 86, pp. 13-28, December 2016. [4]L. Zhang, Z. Lin, J. Wang y B. He, “Rapidly-exploring Random Trees multi-robot map exploration under optimization framework,” Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 131, 2020. [5]S. Khan y M. K. Ahmmed, "Where am I? Autonomous navigation system of a mobile robot in an unknown environment," 2016 5th International Conference on Informatics, Electronics and Vision (ICIEV), pp. 56-61, December 2016. [6]V. Castro, J. P. Neira, C. L. Rueda, J. C. Villamizar y L. Angel, "Autonomous Navigation Strategies for Mobile Robots using a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN)," IECON 2007 - 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 2795-2800, Taipei, 2007. [7]Y. Li, W. Wei, Y. Gao, D. Wang y C. Fan, “PQ-RRT*: An improved path planning algorithm for mobile robots,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 152, August 2020. [8]A. Muñoz, “Generación global de trayectorias para robots móviles, basada en curvas betaspline,” Dep. Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Universidad de Sevilla, 2014. [9]H. Montiel, E. Jacinto y H. Martínez, “Generación de Ruta Óptima para Robots Móviles a Partir de Segmentación de Imágenes,” Información Tecnológica, vol. 26, 2015. [10] C. Expósito, “Los diagramas de Vornooi, la forma matemática de dividir el mundo,” Dialnet, Diciembre 2016.
MUERTES POR LESIONES PRODUCIDAS POR ARMAS DE FUEGO Y EXPLOSIVOS, REGISTRADAS EN EL INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS FORENSES Y CRIMINALÍSTICA DE QUITO DESDE EL AÑO 2017 AL 2019
Authors: López Bravo Marcela , María del Cisne Román , Mejia Suarez Eliana , Ordoñez Mullo Luis
Published: August 2020

Las muertes violentas en Ecuador representan una problemática social importante, en este trabajo hemos aplicado una metodología de estudio observacional, retrospectiva, transversal, no experimental, la población fue conformada por el total de personas fallecidas que fueron registradas por el Instituto de ciencias forenses y criminalística, y la muestra se consideró las muertes por lesiones producidas por armas de fuego y explosivos desde enero del 2017 a diciembre del 2019, obteniendo como resultados que el 100% de muertes de esta modalidad fueron catalogadas como muertes violentas y a todos ellos se les realizó autopsia , más del 80% de las víctimas fueron de sexo masculino, el rango de edad con mayor cantidad de víctimas oscila entre los 36 y 64 años de edad, las lesiones mortales por armas de fuego fueron en su mayoría dirigidas a cavidades craneal y toraco-abdominal, mientras que por explosivos las lesiones fueron generalizadas provocando muerte instantánea.

Palabras Clave: lesiones, muertes, armas de fuego, explosivos.

Referencias

[1]UNODC, «Global study on homicide.,» 2013.

[2]UNODC, «United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,» World Drug Report, 2019.

[3]C. M. Á. Velasco y G. J. Pontón, «Lesiones con armas de fuego: sobrevivir a las balas en Ecuador.,» Estado & comunes, revista de políticas y problemas públicos, vol. 1 (10), 2020.

[4]J. P. Pinto, «Más que plomo,» Perfil Criminológico, vol. 17, 2015.

[5]G. J. González Pérez, M. G. Vega López, C. E. Cabrera Pivaral, A. Vega López y A. Muñoz de la Torre, «Mortalidad por homicidios en México: tendencias, variaciones socio-geográficas y factores asociados,» Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, vol. 17, pp. 3195-3208, 2012.

[6]J. Cavazos, J. Palacios, F. Reyna, N. Álvarez, L. Alatorres y G. Muñoz, «Epidemiología de las lesiones por proyectil de arma de fuego en el Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González” de la,» Cirugía y Cirujanos, vol. 85, pp. 41-48, 2017.

[7]O. S. Castro, La muerte violenta. inspeccion ocular y cuerpo del delito., LA LEY., 2004.

[8] M. Zurbarán, F. Calle y R. Restrepo, «Descripción de lesiones por explosivos: revisión de la literatura, reporte de caso y propuesta de nueva clasificación.,» vol. 1(2), pp. Case reports, 1(2), 1-68., 2015.

[9]National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, «Explosions and Blast injuries: A primer for Clinicians.,» Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006.

[10]P. Pasquier, B. Lenoir, y B. Debien, «Blast y lesiones por explosión.,» EMC-Anestesia-Reanimación,, vol. 40 (1), pp. 1-12., 2014.

[11]M. Carnicero y M. Baigorri, «Muerte por explosión: cuestiones y sistemática médico-forenses.,» Cuadmed. forense, pp. 39-52, 2002.
DISEÑO DE UN SISTEMA DE EVALUACIÓN BASADO EN LAS NORMAS HACCP DIRECCIONADO A POTENCIAR LA INDUSTRIA ALIMENTARIA ECUATORIANA-SECTOR MOLINERO
Authors: Jaramillo Recalde Manuel Alejandro , Ramos Paucar Lorena Del Pilar , Oyaque Mora Silvia Melinda
Published: August 2020

Los peligros y puntos críticos de control HACCP se convierte en un requisito fundamental para la apertura de nuevos mercados y oportunidades de exportación de productos alimenticios, se crea directrices para la aplicación de este sistema basado en literatura de organizaciones académicas y de control sanitario, con miras al cumplimiento de disposiciones gubernamentales de buenas prácticas de manufactura que garantizan la producción de alimentos de carácter inocuo. Por ello, el presente estudio pretende determinar si el diseño de un sistema de evaluación basado en las normas HACCP potenciaría la industria alimentaria ecuatoriana. Se utiliza el método cualitativo de Investigación - Acción en conjunto con el propuesto por Food and Drug Administration FDA apartado Principios de HACCP y Directrices de Aplicación para la implementación del sistema HACCP. Se concluye que en el Ecuador en su proceso de cambio de matriz productiva necesita incrementar el número de industrias alimenticias que posean sistemas de gestión de calidad e inocuidad, para ello sirve este trabajo como guía o pauta para la implementación del sistema de Evaluación basado en las HACCP.

Palabras Clave: punto crítico de control, HACCP, sistema de evaluación, industria alimentaria.

Referencias

[1]D. Palacios y P. Reyes, “Cambio de la matriz productiva del Ecuador y su efecto en el comercio exterior,” Dominio las Ciencias, vol. 2, pp. 418–431, 2016.

[2]FDA, “National Advisory Committee on microbiological criteria for foods,” United States Food Drug Adm., 2015.

[3]OIRSA, “Manual de análisis de peligros y puntos críticos de control - HACCP.” OIRSA, p. 32, 2016.

[4]Organización Panamericana de la Salud, “Sistema HACCP.” 2015.

[5]J. Anaya y S. Polanco, Innovación y Mejora de Procesos Logísticos, Segunda ed. España: ESIC, 2007.

[6]FAO, “Manual sobre la aplicación del Análisis de Peligros y de Puntos Críticos de control (APPCC) en la prevención y control de micotoxinas.” FAO, p. 136, 2015.

[7]Instituto Nacional de Normalización, Sistema de análisis de peligros y de puntos críticos de control (HACCP), directrices para su ejecución. Chile, 2011, p. 27.

[8]M. Jaramillo, “Desarrollo de un Sistema de Análisis de Peligros y Puntos Críticos de control ( HACCP ) para garantizar la inocuidad alimentaria en una Industria Molinera de trigo,” Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador- Sede Ambat, 2015.

[9]G. y P. Ministerio de Agricultura, “Sistemas de gestión de la calidad en el sector agroalimentario.” Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca - Argentina, Argentina, pp. 87–93, 2016.

[10]M. Alvarez, “Procedimientos y programas de seguridad alimentaria: HACCP, GMP Control de calidad del agua, zonificación y sanitización alimentaria en la industria de gelatinas,” Universidad San Francisco de Quito, 2006.
Radiative heating rate profiles over the southeast Atlantic Ocean during the 2016 and 2017 biomass burning seasons
Authors: Marquardt Collow Allison B. , Miller Mark A. , Trabachino Lynne C. , Jensen Michael P. , Wang Meng
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Marine boundary layer clouds, including the transition from
stratocumulus to cumulus, are poorly represented in numerical weather
prediction and general circulation models. Further uncertainties in the
cloud structure arise in the presence of biomass burning carbonaceous
aerosol, as is the case over the southeast Atlantic Ocean, where biomass
burning aerosol is transported from the African continent. As the aerosol
plume progresses across the southeast Atlantic Ocean, radiative heating
within the aerosol layer has the potential to alter the thermodynamic
environment and therefore the cloud structure; however, limited work has
been done to quantify this along the trajectory of the aerosol plume in the
region. The deployment of the first Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile
Facility (AMF1) in support of the Layered Atlantic Smoke Interactions with Clouds
field campaign provided a unique opportunity to collect observations of
cloud and aerosol properties during two consecutive biomass burning seasons
during July through October of 2016 and 2017 over Ascension Island (7.96∘ S, 14.35∘ W). Using observed profiles of temperature,
humidity, and clouds from the field campaign alongside aerosol optical
properties from Modern-Era Retrospective
analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), as input for the Rapid Radiation Transfer Model (RRTM),
profiles of the radiative heating rate due to aerosols and clouds were
computed. Radiative heating is also assessed across the southeast Atlantic
Ocean using an ensemble of back trajectories from the Hybrid Single Particle
Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. Idealized experiments using the
RRTM with and without aerosols and a range of
values for the single-scattering albedo (SSA) demonstrate that shortwave (SW) heating
within the aerosol layer above Ascension Island can locally range between 2
and 8 K d−1 depending on the aerosol optical properties, though impacts
of the aerosol can be felt elsewhere in the atmospheric column. When
considered under clear conditions, the aerosol has a cooling effect at the
TOA, and based on the observed cloud properties at Ascension Island, the
cloud albedo is not large enough to overcome this. Shortwave radiative
heating due to biomass burning aerosol is not balanced by additional
longwave (LW) cooling, and the net radiative impact results in a stabilization of
the lower troposphere. However, these results are extremely sensitive to the
single-scattering albedo assumptions in models.
Measurement report: Aerosol hygroscopic properties extended to 600 nm in the urban environment
Authors: Shen Chuanyang , Zhao Gang , Zhao Weilun , Tian Ping , Zhao Chunsheng
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Submicron particles larger than 300 nm dominate the aerosol light extinction and mass concentration in the atmosphere. The water uptake ability of this size range greatly influences the particle mass, visibility degradation and particle chemistry. However, most of previous field measurements on aerosol hygroscopicity are limited within 350 nm. In this study, the size-resolved aerosol hygroscopic properties over extended size range (50–600 nm) at 85 % relative humidity were investigated in Beijing winter from 27 November 2019 to 14 January 2020 using a Humidity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyser (HTDMA) instrument. The corresponding aerosol optical properties were also analyzed using the Mie scattering theory. Results show that the averaged probability distribution of GF (GF-PDF) is generally a constitute of a more-hygroscopic (MH) group and a less-hygroscopic (LH) group (including hydrophobic). For the particles larger than 300 nm, there exist a large fraction of LH group particles, resulting in an unexpected low hygroscopicity. During the development of pollution when particles are gradually aged and accumulated, the bulk hygroscopicity above 300 nm is enhanced significantly by the growth and expansion of MH group. This result is supported by previous chemical composition analysis and we give a more direct and detailed evidence from growth factor and mixing state aspects. Our calculations indicate that the optical contribution of particles larger than 300 nm constitutes about 2/3 of the total aerosol extinction. The large hygroscopic variation of aerosols above 300 nm will influence the light degradation comparably with the increase of aerosol loading in the low visibility haze events. Our studies highlight that the hygroscopic properties above 300 nm are complex and vary greatly with different pollution stages, therefore more field measurements and investigations need to be done in the future.
Technical Note: First comparison of wind observations from ESA's satellite mission Aeolus and ground-based Radar wind profiler network of China
Authors: Guo Jianping , Liu Boming , Gong Wei , Shi Lijuan , Zhang Yong , Ma Yingying , Zhang Jian , Chen Tianmeng , Bai Kaixu , Stoffelen Ad , de Leeuw Gerrit , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Aeolus is the first satellite mission to directly observe wind profile information on a global scale. After implementing a set of bias corrections, the Aeolus data products has gone public on 12 May 2020. However, Aeolus wind products over China were thus far not evaluated by in-situ comparison. In this study, the Mie-cloudy and Rayleigh-clear wind products from Aeolus measurements are validated against wind observations from the radar wind profiler (RWP) network in China. Based on the position of each RWP site relative to the closest Aeolus ground tracks, three matchup categories are proposed and comparisons between Aeolus wind products and RWP wind observations are performed for each category separately. The performance of Mie-cloudy wind products does not change much between the three matchup categories. On the other hand, for Rayleigh-clear and RWP wind products, Categories 1 and 2 are found to have much smaller differences, compared with category 3. This could be due to the RWP site being sufficiently approximate to Aeolus ground track for categories 1 and 2. In the vertical, the Aeolus wind products are similar to the RWP wind observations, except for the Rayleigh-clear winds in the height range of 0–1 km. The mean absolute normalized differences between the Mie-cloudy (Rayleigh-clear) and the RWP wind components are 3.06 (5.45), 2.79 (4.81), and 3.32 (5.72) m/s at all orbit times, ascending, and descending Aeolus orbit times, respectively. This indicates that the observation time has a minor effect on the comparison, and the wind products for ascending orbits is slightly superior to that for descending orbits. From the perspective of spatial differences, the Aeolus Mie-cloudy winds are consistent with RWP winds in most of east China, except in coastal areas where the Aeolus Rayleigh-clear winds are more reliable. Overall, the correlation coefficient R between Mie-cloudy (Rayleigh-clear) wind products and RWP wind component observations is 0.94 (0.81). This indicates that Aeolus wind products are in good agreement with wind observations from the radar wind profiler network in China. The findings give us sufficient confidence in assimilating the newly released Aeolus wind products in operational weather forecasting in China.
Compound warm–dry and cold–wet events over the Mediterranean
Authors: De Luca Paolo , Messori Gabriele , Faranda Davide , Ward Philip J. , Coumou Dim
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The Mediterranean (MED) Basin is a climate change hotspot that has seen drying and a pronounced increase in heatwaves over the last century. At the same time, it is experiencing increased heavy precipitation during wintertime cold spells. Understanding and quantifying the risks from compound events over the MED is paramount for present and future disaster risk reduction measures. Here, we apply a novel method to study compound events based on dynamical systems theory and analyse compound temperature and precipitation events over the MED from 1979 to 2018. The dynamical systems analysis quantifies the strength of the coupling between different atmospheric variables over the MED. Further, we consider compound warm–dry anomalies in summer and cold–wet anomalies in winter. Our results show that these warm–dry and cold–wet compound days are associated with large values of the temperature–precipitation coupling parameter of the dynamical systems analysis. This indicates that there is a strong interaction between temperature and precipitation during compound events. In winter, we find no significant trend in the coupling between temperature and precipitation. However in summer, we find a significant upward trend which is likely driven by a stronger coupling during warm and dry days. Thermodynamic processes associated with long-term MED warming can best explain the trend, which intensifies compound warm–dry events.
Effects of selenium on macro- and micro nutrients and selected qualitative parameters of oat (Avena sativa L.)
Authors: Ducsay Ladislav , Zapletalová Alexandra , Hozlár Peter , Černý Ivan , Varga Ladislav , Slepčan Marek
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the effect of foliar Se application on macro-and micro-elements and selected quantitative parameters (the content of ash, starch, and fat) in oat grains. The three-year experiments were carried out on Research and Breeding Station Vígľaš – Pstruša in the years 2014, 2015, 2016. The used oat variety was Valentin. The experiment was performed by a block method within a parcel size of 10 square meters (8 x 1.25 m) with the span of rows amounting to 0.125 m in four replications. Alfalfa was grown as forecrop. A potato and wheat production area (III-C2) with a height of 375 m above the sea level. The experimental area is characterized by warm, slightly wet weather with an average annual temperature of 7.8 °C and average annual precipitations of 666 mm. Basic fertilizing was planned before the sowing in the form of 100 kg of Ammonium nitrate containing dolomite (27% N), 100 kg of 60% KCl (60% of K2O), and100 kg of MAP (Monoammonium phosphate 12% N and 52% P2O5). Selenium was foliar applied in doses 25 g and 50 g Se per hectare in a solution form of sodium selenate (Na2SeO4). The harvest was realized by a small plot harvester in BBCH 91. The results of the experiments showed a statistically non-significant effect on microelements and most macroelements. Only sulfur content in oat grains was statistically significantly influenced by Se foliar treatment. The contents of ash, starch, and fat in oat grains were monitored, which showed statistically significant effect only in fat. Se content in grains showed a statistically significant increase by both Se foliar treatments.