bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAPROPHYTIC EXISTENCE OF YEAST-LIKE FUNGI CANDIDA ALBICANS (ELECTRON MICROSCOPY)
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K.I. Skryabin, Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow 123022, Russian Federation, Pavlova Inna B. , Bannikova Darya A. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K.I. Skryabin, Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow 123022, Russian Federation, Gruznov Dmitry V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K.I. Skryabin, Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow 123022, Russian Federation, Lenchenko Ekaterina M. ,   Russian Biotechnological University, (BIOTECH University), Moscow 125080, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of electron microscopic studies of the saprophytic phase of the development of yeast-like fungal populations Candida albicans. The morphology, ultrastructure and phases of development of the yeast-like fungal population were studied. The stages of adhesion and colonization of microorganisms during experimental contamination of stems of germinated oat grains, granulated feed and chicken egg shells were investigated. In addition to budding, there is a survival strategy in the form of blastospores, the structure of which is visible using a scanning electron microscope. The shape, size and localization of blastospores depended on the development cycle of the population. The morphology of pseudohyphae, which play an important role in the existence and survival of the fungal population, has been studied. The morphology of pseudohyphae, which play an important role in the existence and survival of the fungal population, has been studied. The formation of biofilms at a certain stage of population development was revealed. On ultrathin sections through the colony, the three-layer cell walls of vegetative cells had a thickness less than when cultivated on a nutrient substrate. The point of view already adopted by scientists in determining the «uncultivated phase» of the existence of a population of microorganisms has been scientifically substantiated and experimentally confirmed.
SELECTION OF OPTIMAL NUTRIENT MEDIA FOR MYCOPLASMA CULTIVATION
Authors:   Vologda branch of FGBNU FNC VIEW RAN, Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation, Remizova Elena V. , Semina Lyudmila K. ,   Vologda branch of FGBNU FNC VIEW RAN, Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation, Avduevskyа Natalia N. ,   Vologda branch of FGBNU FNC VIEW RAN, Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation, Skulyabina Zoya A. ,   Vologda branch of FGBNU FNC VIEW RAN, Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation, Baldicheva Galina A. ,   Vologda branch of FGBNU FNC VIEW RAN, Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

Multicomponent liquid and dense nutrient media were used to isolate and cultivate Mycoplasma microorganisms from biological samples of calves from farms in the Vologda region. There were no changes in the liquid medium during the 2-week observation period. When transplanted to a dense medium (from broth with seeding samples), the basis of which was Brain heart infusion agar, specific mycoplasma colonies were found from samples of mediastinal lymph nodes (isolate 1-010322) after 14 days of cultivation. Mycoplasma colonies were not found from lung tissue samples. Further studies have established that isolate 1-010322 exhibits growth properties for 24-48 hours on dense nutrient media, the basis of which, instead of the expensive and hard-to-reach Brain heart infusion agar, were dry nutrient agar (SPA) or Givental-Witch nutrient medium agar (AGV). Primary seeding of samples of nasal and conjunctival mucus of calves was carried out on Brain heart infusion agar, enriched with horse blood serum, yeast extract and antimicrobial substances. Mycoplasma colonies from nasal mucus (isolate 2-300322) were detected after 48 hours of incubation. Mycoplasma colonies were not isolated from conjunctival mucus.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF METHODS OF PREVENTION AND THERAPY OF KETOSIS OF NEW-BODIED COWS
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal Scientific Center – K.I. Skryabin, Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123022, Russian Federation, Tyurin Vladimir G. ,   Moscow Veterinary Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MBA named after K.I. Scriabin, Moscow 109472, Russian Federation, Semenov Vladimir G. ,   Chuvash State Agrarian University, Cheboksary 428003, Russian Federation, Nikitin Dmitry A. ,   Chuvash State Agrarian University, Cheboksary 428003, Russian Federation, Simurzina Elena P. ,   Chuvash State Agrarian University, Cheboksary 428003, Russian Federation, Luzova Anna V. ,   Chuvash State Agrarian University, Cheboksary 428003, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

The aim of this work was to normalize the metabolism of highly productive new-bodied cows with new biopreparations PS-2, Prevention-N-E and PDE (denatured emulsified placenta) with E-selenium, as well as therapy of subclinical ketosis with an energy drink. The research work was carried out on Holstein cows of black-and-white breed, 2-3 lactation, average milk yield of 9000 kg. We selected 4 groups of deep-bed cows according to the principle of analog groups and performed injections of biological preparations 40, 20 and 10 days before calving. Biologics PS-2 and Prevention-N-E have a corrective effect on the synthesis of aminotransferases, mineral and carbohydrate metabolism, the digestibility of macronutrients, against which the number of new-bodied cows with latent ketosis is reduced by 2 times. For ketosis therapy, an energy drink consisting of propylene glycol, soda (sodium bicarbonate), common salt (sodium chloride), cellobacterin, molasses is proposed. For this series of experiments, 2 experimental and control groups of new-bodied cows with a BHB (beta-hydroxybutyrate) level of 1.1- 3.0 mmol/l were formed. The 1st experimental group was injected with 40% glucose and the drug Hepatoject, the 2nd experimental group was given an energy drink. After treatment in the 2nd experimental group, the average BHB was 1.1 mmol/l, but in the 1st experimental group it was higher than normal and equal to 1.5 mmol/l. The daily dose, the average fat and protein content, and the fat/protein ratio were within the normal range at the final stage of the studies. For the prevention of ketosis, we recommend Prevention-N-E, PS-2 drugs, and for the treatment of detected cases, drinking an energy drink.
DYNAMICS OF LIVE WEIGHT GAIN AND PHYSICO‑CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF GUINEA FOWL MEAT OF DIFFERENT BREEDS IN THE PROCESS OF GROWING
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry (VNIIPP) – Branch All‑Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Poultry Breeding of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, 141552, Russian Federation, Stepanova Svetlana P. ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal Scientific Center – K.I. Skryabin, Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123022, Russian Federation, Derina Daria S. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry (VNIIPP) – Branch All‑Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Poultry Breeding of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, 141552, Russian Federation, Kozak Sergey S. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Poultry Processing Industry (VNIIPP) – Branch All‑Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Poultry Breeding of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, 141552, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

The results of determination of moisture, fat, protein and ash content in guinea fowl meat aged 42 and 62 days, 3 and 4 months are presented. The red and white muscles of guinea fowl carcasses of the Zagorsk white-breasted, Volga white, gray-speckled and blue breeds were studied. The study showed that the physico-chemical parameters of meat differ significantly depending on the breed and age of guinea fowls. The mass fraction of moisture in the pectoral muscles ranged from 73.7±7.4% (Zagorskaya white-breasted) to 77.8±7.8% (blue), and in the femoral – from 75.0±7.5% (blue) to 78.1±7.8% (Zagorskaya white-breasted); the mass fraction of fat in the pectoral muscles from 0.7±0.1% (Volga white) up to 6.4±1.0% (blue), in the femoral muscles – from 1.1±0.2% (Volga white) to 3.3±0.5% (Zagorsk white-breasted); the mass fraction of protein in the pectoral muscles from 15.10±2.27% (blue) to 23.90±1.91% (Volga white), and in femoral muscles – from 19.10±2.87% (blue) to 23.20±1.86% (blue). The content of the mass fraction of ash did not differ significantly. Guinea fowl meat, in comparison with chicken meat, contains a lower percentage of fat. The live weight increased with age, but this indicator was different for each breed.
STUDYING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE FEED ADDITIVE «PHYTODOC NEURO» FOR REDUCING ACCUMULATION OF CADMIUM AND LEAD IN THE BODY OF WHITE RATS
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal Scientific Center – K.I. Skryabin, Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123022, Russian Federation, Pavlova Natalia S.
Published: April 2024

The problem of obtaining safe livestock products is closely related to a decrease in the accumulation of ecotoxicants in it. With the expansion of anthropogenic biogeochemical zones, the amount and number of simultaneously detectable toxic elements and compounds increases. The danger of cadmium and lead for animals and humans is associated with their high toxicity, the ability to accumulate in the body and have a negative effect even after a considerable time after intake. One of the ways to reduce the accumulation of heavy metals (HM) in livestock products is the introduction of feed additives (FA) into the diet, the components of which, participating in metabolism, reduce the negative effect of toxicants on the animal body and contribute to their elimination. In laboratory conditions, the efficiency of feed additive «Phytodoc neuro» at a dose of 4 g/kg of feed was studied to reduce the accumulation of cadmium and lead when they enter the body of animals at doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg of feed, respectively. The data obtained showed that the introduction of feed additive «Phytodoc neuro» into the diet with the simultaneous intake of HM did not lead to a decrease in the accumulation of cadmium in the body of white rats, the lead content significantly decreased only in the bones and spleen.
DANDYISM: TYPE AND IMAGE. CRITERIA OF CULTURAL IDENTITY
Authors: MALTSEV KONSTANTIN
Published: April 2024

The article presents a cultural interpretation of dandyism, a notable phenomenon in Western culture of the 19th century. The scientific relevance of the article is determined by the polar assessments of dandies as a form of culture in bourgeois society. The article’s aim is to clarify the factors that mark the dandy identity, such as costume, accessories, manners, body language, norms of behavior in society. Their manifestations are considered in interaction: costume symbolizes material luxury and an idle lifestyle, while updating the new aesthetics of body; body language with the costume, provokes ways of communication and public behavior, allowing the dandy to become the standard of style. The subject of the article is not only the total view for dandyism, as a set of cultural norms and attitudes, but also its historically differentiated types. Thus, the dandy culture of the early 19th century was conditioned by the "game of aristocracy", a parody imitation of the lifestyle of high society. Late dandyism is identified as decadent, reflecting the alienation of man and his passive protest against capitalist values of the second half of the 19th century. The classic and decadent versions of the dandy lifestyle are personified by the example of two typical heroes, George Brummell and Charles Baudelaire. The first is presented as the personification of dandyism as a "form of culture", the second is an expression of its gradual marginalization. The results of the study can be used both in broad (cultural studies and history) and in specialized areas of humanitarian knowledge, primarily in everyday life culture studies and local history.
Monitoring ozone and associated foliar injury at Cumberland Piedmont Network parks: Protocol narrative?version 2.0
Authors: Jernigan Johnathon , Leibfreid Teresa
Published: April 2024

Ozone is a naturally occurring gas that can also be generated in reactions with anthropogenically created nitrogen oxides. While stratospheric ozone prevents ultraviolet radiation from making its way to the Earth?s surface, tropospheric ozone that is in higher than naturally occurring concentrations can have harmful effects on the health of people and plants. Not all plant species are susceptible to ozone injury, but the several species that are susceptible do exist in Cumberland Piedmont Network Parks. This protocol presents sampling designs and methods for assessing ozone impacts to susceptible plants in Cumberland Piedmont Network parks.
Mediasi Dan Arbitrase
Authors: Hendra Muhamad Juzama , Nefri Johan Edi
Published: April 2024

Dispute resolution plays an important role in maintaining harmony and order in society. This study aims to examine the role of mediation and arbitration in the context of Islamic constitutional law by integrating such approaches with the principles of Islamic law. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to answer research questions that focus on an in-depth understanding of mediation and arbitration. Data collection is carried out through literature study and analysis of documents relevant to the research topic. Major data sources include scientific articles, and relevant books. The results of this study address mediation and arbitration, providing a platform for deliberation-based processes where disputing parties can reach agreement through fair dialogue and discussion. Islamic ethics and values in dispute resolution, mediation and arbitration in Islamic law demand a high level of ethics and adherence to Islamic values. This process should be based on Islamic moral and ethical principles, including honesty, justice, and commitment to peace. Islamic principles create a dispute resolution system that is more effective and in accordance with Islamic values. By understanding and respecting Islamic principles, mediation and arbitration can be powerful instruments in creating a fair dispute resolution.
İki Aşamalı Ağ Veri Zarflama Analizinde Çapraz Etkinlik Ölçümü: Türkiye Havalimanları Uygulaması
Authors: Memiş Nagihan , Gökay Emel Gül
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışma, bir sistemin genel etkinliğinin sisteminin alt süreçlere ayrıştırılarak ölçülmesini ele almaktadır. Uygulama alanı olarak Türkiye için önemli bir hizmet sektörü olan havayolu sektörü seçilmiştir. Yazın incelendiğinde, Türk havayolu sektöründe yapılan etkinlik çalışmalarında üretim sürecinin tek aşamalı olarak ele alınarak geleneksel Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ile gerçekleştirildiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada ise havalimanlarının genel etkinliğinin, operasyonel ve gelir etkinliği olmak üzere iki alt etkinlik bazında, daha ayrıntılı bir şekilde Ağ Veri Zarflama Analizi ile ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Etkinlik analizinde Kao ve Hwang’ın (2008) İlişkisel Ağ Veri Zarflama Analizi modeli kullanılmıştır. Etkinlik değerlerinin sıralanmasında ise Kao ve Liu’nun (2019) Çapraz Etkinlik Ölçümü kullanılarak akran değerlendirmeden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada, Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi tarafından işletilen ve 2019 yılı itibarı ile yıllık yolcu trafiği 400.000’in üzerinde olan 27 havalimanı incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizlerde, göreli tam etkinliğe sahip bir havalimanı tespit edilememişken, bazı havalimanlarının alt süreçler bakımından kısmen etkin olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
Eğitimde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliğinin Ana Akımlaştırılmasının Önemine Dair Uzman Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Üstündağ Yıldırım İlksen , Zabun Beyhan
Published: April 2024

Toplumsal cinsiyetin eğitimine yönelik çalışmalar zengin bir alanyazın oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmaların eğitim öğretimin farklı düzeylerine ve toplumsal cinsiyetle ilişkili birçok farklı probleme yöneldiği görülmektedir. Ancak bu zengin alanyazın etkili bir toplumsal cinsiyet eğitiminin düzey ve içeriğine yönelik bütüncül bir bakış açısı taşıması bakımından eksiktir. Bu çalışmanın amacı toplumsal cinsiyet eğitiminin hangi düzeyde, nasıl bir içerikle gerçekleşeceği sorusundan yola çıkarak eğitimde toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin ana akımlaştırılmasının önemini belirlemektir. Yönelimsel bir nitel araştırma özelliği taşıyan bu çalışma kapsamında veriler yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşmeler aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu amaçlı örnekleme tekniklerinden ölçüt örnekleme ve kartopu örnekleme kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma grubunun oluşturulmasındaki ölçüt, katılımcıların toplumsal cinsiyetin eğitimi konusunda uzmanlaşmış olmalarıdır. Bu bağlamda akademisyen, sosyolog, aktivist, toplumsal cinsiyetle ilgili proje koordinatörü gibi farklı meslek gruplarından 13 uzmanla görüşülmüştür. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler bilgi edinme ve kavramlar arası ilişki kurma olanağı sağladığı için içerik analiziyle ele alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak toplumsal cinsiyet eğitimi için erken çocukluktan yetişkinliğe her düzeyde konuyla ilişkili bir derse ihtiyaç olduğu kadar aynı zamanda içeriğe dair birçok unsura eşitlikçi perspektifin entegre edilmesi gerektiğine ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuç eğitimde toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin ana akımlaştırılmasının önemine doğrudan işaret etmektedir.
A New Model Making the Transition From Oil to Solar Energy
Authors: Bernard Séverine , Pietrus Alain , Sainvil Watson
Published: April 2024

Today, the use of renewable energy sources such as sun, wind and hot water to generate electricity is increasingly becoming a global priority. In this paper, we propose a deterministic dynamical system reporting the transition from oil to solar energy, in which we then add the randomness of this phenomenon. First, we study the positivity of the deterministic oil-solar model and show that there is a maximum solution of the deterministic model and that the system is controllable at any time T > 0 from an initial point. We also prove the existence of an equilibrium state, study its nature and prove that there is no limit cycle between the quantity of oil available and the solar production capacity installed. Secondly, we formulate the stochastic solar energy model from the deterministic model, for which we proved the existence of a unique solution. Finally, using a model extracted from the model performed and examining the transition from the amount of available oil to the installed solar generation capacity, we associate a linear optimal control problem, from which we prove that the optimal control components are of bang-bang type, and we characterize them.
Extraction of Solitons in Optical Fibers for the (2+1)-Dimensional Perturbed Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation Via the Improved Modified Extended Tanh Function Technique
Authors: Samir Islam , El-Sham Ola , El-barkoki Reda , M. Ahmed Hamdy , Abbas W. , Hashemi M. S.
Published: April 2024

The presented research investigates the (2+1)-dimensional perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger model. This model takes into account various effects such as fourth order dispersion, intermodal dispersion, nonlinear dispersion, group velocity dispersion, Kerr nonlinearity and self steepening effects. This model simulates the estimation of optical solitons and a variety of broadcasting networks’ transmission in nonlinear fiber optics. The proposed model is studied using the improved modified extended tanh function technique. For the proposed model, several solitons and other solutions are generated. These solutions including {bright, dark and singular} solitons, singular periodic and Jacobi elliptic solutions. By introducing the two- and three-dimensional graphs, the physical behavior of the retrieved solutions is displayed.
Fajar.co.id Political Reporting: A Study on Editorial Policy Related to the Makassar Mayoral Election
Authors: Marua Ardan , Muzakkir Abd. Kahar
Published: April 2024

This research explore Fajar.co.id’s editorial policies and editorial management process in political reporting, particularly concerning the 2020 Makassar Mayoral Election. This research uses an inductive qualitative analysis. Inductive analysis is an approach that begins with field facts, analyzes them based on relevant theories and arguments, and ultimately yields a conclusion. The results show that Fajar.co.id’s editorial policy in reporting the 2020 Makassar Mayoral Election prioritizes newsworthiness by ensuring each published news piece is widely discussed, offers interesting perspectives, and uses language easily understood by a broad spectrum of society from various backgrounds. The applied editorial management demonstrates that content control occurs in the initial writing phase, with editors playing a crucial role in editing and gatekeeping functions. Although published news becomes public domain, the editorial team remains responsible for ensuring the accuracy and integrity of content by correcting writing errors without altering the news substance. Therefore, it is recommended that Fajar.co.id’s editors and reporters continue honing their abilities in identifying and processing issues with high news value and social relevance while maintaining a balance between commercially appealing news and the importance of information for public interest. Fajar.co.id must keep its motto ‘wisdom on the unbiased line’. Furthermore, the importance of ongoing training in language skills enhancement to communicate news effectively to a diverse reader while ensuring that every presented news piece adheres to ethical journalism principles is emphasized. Additionally, the already robust control and gatekeeping system should continue to be strengthened to ensure any factual or linguistic errors can be promptly corrected without altering the essence of the news, to uphold and enhance Fajar.co.id’s credibility as a responsible and reliable news media.
Langka Lipu: Cultural Heritage and Identity of the Banggai Indigenous People
Authors: Ahmad B. , Nasrum Muh. , Aepu Siti Hajar , Badollahi Muh. Zainuddin
Published: April 2024

This research aims to understand the philosophy of movements and the values embodied in Langka Lipu and to explore how this martial art has managed to survive. This research uses an ethnographic analysis. Ethnographic analysis is an approach that begins with field facts, analyzes them based on cultural theories and relevant arguments to explore the cultural situation of the community, and ultimately yields a conclusion. The results show that Langka Lipu, as a cultural heritage of the Banggai tribe, is more than just a martial arts practice; it is a profound philosophical expression. Religious values are integrated into every aspect of Langka Lipu, making it a means for spiritual and personal development. The educational values transmitted through the teacher-student relationship emphasize character formation and good social values. The cultural transmission process of Langka Lipu, demonstrates a structured strategy to preserve and disseminate this martial art. Thus, Langka Lipu is successfully preserved as a valuable cultural heritage and a crucial pillar of the Banggai indigenous people’s identity. Therefore, it is recommended that practitioners continue to explore and practice the religious and educational values contained in Langka Lipu to enrich and deepen the spiritual and social meanings of this cultural heritage. The Department of Tourism and Culture of Banggai Laut Regency is expected to increase support and recognition for Langka Lipu by integrating it into cultural development and tourism programs aimed at promoting and preserving the original cultural heritage of the Banggai tribe. For the Banggai indigenous people, it is crucial to continue actively participating in the cultural transmission process of Langka Lipu, whether through targeting potential teenagers, socializing values and philosophy, conducting regular training, or in efforts to increase the number of school branches, thus ensuring that the core values and essence of Langka Lipu continue to live and thrive within the community.
Filoviridae: insights into immune responses to Ebola virus
Authors: Brown Brent , Imarogbe Chinua , Chacon-Cruz Enrique , Fricke Ingo
Published: April 2024

Ebola virus (EBOV) is a zoonotic virus comprising of six known different species, designated within the family Filoviridae and genus Ebolavirus. The first recorded outbreak of an EBOV disease (EVD) was in Yambuku, Zaire EBOV (ZEBOV) in 1976, followed by the Sudan EBOV (SUDV) later that year. Outbreaks have been increasing throughout the 21st century, and mortality rates can reach up to 90%. Such extraordinary virulence is evidenced by a few pathogens, similar to the Marburg virus (MARV) that originated in Uganda and was first detected in Germany in 1967. The virulent nature of filovirus disease has established these related viruses as a formidable global concern. There are currently four types of Ebolaviridae species known to infect humans, with two more recently identified in other animals that are genomically different concerning cellular pathogenesis or aetiology of disease. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of filovirus disease infections have been remarkable, yet the immunological response to filovirus infection remains unknown. Scientific analysis of cellular mechanisms can provide insight into virulence factors utilised by other pathogenic viruses that also cause febrile illness with occasional haemorrhagic fever in humans. In this review, a brief summary of EBOV protein structure and functional cellular effects is covered. The role of innate and adaptive immune cells known since 1976 is considered with the relevance and implications of immunological proteins measured by cluster of differentiation (CD) molecule, alongside cytokine, chemokine, and other biologically relevant pathways, and through genetic research. A thorough understanding of immunological correlates affecting host responses to EBOV will facilitate clinical and applied research knowledge, contributing to protection against potential public health threats.
Exploring the possible link between the spike protein immunoglobulin G4 antibodies and cancer progression
Authors: Raszek Mikolaj , Cowley David , Redwan Elrashdy M. , Uversky Vladimir N. , Rubio-Casillas Alberto
Published: April 2024

Repeated inoculation with messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines elicits immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibody production. Such an increase in the concentration of specific and non-specific IgG4 antibodies allows the growth of some types of cancer by blocking the activation of effector immune cells. This work proposes the hypothesis that cancer growth may be indirectly promoted by increased concentrations of non-specific IgG4 antibodies by the following mechanisms: 1) IgG4 antibodies can bind to anti-tumor IgG1 antibodies and block their interaction with receptors located on effector cells, thus preventing the destruction of cancer cells, 2) IgG4 can interact with fragment crystallizable gamma receptor IIb (FcγRIIB) inhibitory receptors, thus reducing effector functions of innate immune cells, and 3) targeting of specific epitopes by IgG4 could be oncogenic by inducing the production of a microenvironment that can promote cancer development. This article reviews the supporting literature and suggests several experimental protocols to evaluate this hypothesis in the context of repeated inoculation with mRNA vaccines. Additionally, this work proposes some management options aimed at reducing the unfavorable molecular consequences that could mediate cancer development when encountering high concentrations of IgG4 antibodies.
Appeal to Aggregators of Market Information in the Field of Medical Services and Protection of Honor, Dignity and Business Reputation
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russia, Zarapina Lidia V. , Kostina Olga V.
Published: April 2024

The development of digitalization spheres increases the value of such a resource as information. Legal regulation of aggregator sites, where information is collected and provided to a wide range of users with the ability to evaluate and rank marketable information (description of services/goods, establishment of rating indicators) is insufficient. The analysis of judicial practice and the identified problems of protection of honor, dignity and business reputation when referring to aggregators of market information require special attention in the issues of medical services. The aim and objectives of the study are to analyze the possibilities of protection of honor, dignity and business reputation of professionals providing medical services when applying to aggregators of market information – specialized websites of service consumers. Research methods: general scientific methods of cognition (comparison, description, analysis, synthesis, etc.), special-legal (legal-dogmatic, legal modeling). It should be emphasized that the process of digitalization has a significant impact on most spheres of life of society, in this regard, it was necessary to turn to communicative and anthropological approaches to analyze the impact of digital technologies on the process of development of communications in society. As a result, the conclusions were made about the recognition of the complexity of legislation, which combines norms of public and private legal nature regulating the public relations under study, the need to improve the tools of interaction between subjects in the field of digital reality (owners, operators of sites-aggregators of conjectural information and consumers of services, professionals and organizations providing medical services), the introduction of changes in the norms of legislation in order to eliminate different interpretations and possible conflicts of law.
Ways to Protect Creditors’ Rights When Presenting Property Claims to the Debtor’s Managers in the Bankruptcy Procedure
Authors:   State Unitary Enterprise “Vodokanal of St. Petersburg”, St. Petersburg, Russia, Lesnykh Vladimir A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: April 2024

The article defines the main mechanisms for attracting persons who lead (managed) a legal entity to civil and public liability. The concepts of a person influencing the actions of a legal entity (Article 53.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), a person controlling the debtor (Article 61.10 of the Bankruptcy Law) and a civil defendant in criminal proceedings (Article 54 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation) are revealed. Due to the variety of mechanisms established by the legislator for the restoration of creditors’ property rights, the article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each separately. Using examples from judicial practice, the author proves that there is no dispositivity in choosing the method of replenishing the bankruptcy estate at will, and the opinion that the difference in methods is insignificant, that it is not the rule of law that you refer to that is important, but the fact of restoration of rights after harm by the debtor is incorrect. The author makes an assertion that the choice of the appropriate method is justified by the individuality of the dispute, the conditions of treatment, the person applying and the result desired by creditors, depending on the chosen method of protecting creditors’ rights. The legislator distinguishes between ways to protect the rights of creditors, where each case has its own goals, objectives and results. The paper raises the question of finding criteria for the correct and most profitable tool for restoring creditors’ property rights in a bankruptcy case, taking into account procedural and legal features. The article is aimed at developing the theory and judicial practice in bankruptcy cases and ensuring the stability of the already formed practice, maintaining a balance of interests, as well as resolving conflicts.
Information Placement in Notarial Registries: Issues with Evaluating the Actions of Participants
Authors:   Ural Branch, Russian State University of Justice, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Tomilov Alexander Yu.
Published: April 2024

Within the framework of improving legislation, the Federal Notary Chamber has been entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining a registry of notifications regarding the pledge of movable property and the cancellation of powers of attorney executed in simple written form. It should be noted that these changes have a positive impact on civil transactions. However, there are specific questions regarding the procedure for their implementation. The main issue is that neither the notary nor the person posting the relevant information about the pledge or cancellation of powers of attorney is held responsible for the accuracy of the information, which allows for the possibility of abuse. In defining the purpose of this research, attention should be paid to the evaluation and analysis of the procedural and legal aspects of maintaining the aforementioned registries, identifying specific cases of abuse of rights by individuals posting information in the respective registries. This necessitates finding a solution to the stated problem, namely: clarifying the procedure and limits of actions for the parties involved in the relevant legal relationships in order to prevent the possibility of their misconduct. The research is based on general scientific methods of cognition and legal hermeneutics. During the analysis of current legislation and legal practices, it has been determined that in the existing reality, there is a possibility of abuse by individuals posting information in notarial registries regarding the cancellation of powers of attorney and the registry of notifications about pledges. The legislation does not provide indications of sanctions against individuals who violate the prescribed registry procedure. The presumption of notification from the moment the information is posted in the registry by an interested party, despite possible errors that compromise the accuracy of electronic search or distortions in the information, which prevent proper identification of the sought-after object, leads to violations of property rights of participants in civil transactions.
On the Issue of Bringing a Controlling Person to Subsidiary Liability for the Obligations of an Inactive Limited Liability Company That Has Ceased Its Activities
Authors:   LLC “Consulting Group “IntraJus”, Moscow, Russia, Fonoberov Leonid V. , Novichkova Elizaveta A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the issues of bringing to subsidiary liability provided for in clause 3.1 Article 3 of the Federal Law “On Limited Liability Companies”, designed from the end of 2018 to provide additional guarantees for the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of creditors in the event of exclusion of the company from the unified state register of legal entities as an inactive legal entity on the basis of an administrative act of the registering authority, bypassing liquidation procedures, in accordance with Article 21.1 of the Federal Law “On State Registration of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs”. In the work, the authors made an attempt to determine the nature and place of this responsibility in the civil law system, as well as to offer recommendations for unifying the practice of its application. As a result of a comparative legal analysis, the authors of the work came to the conclusion that subsidiary liability is a measure of civil liability for a tort, and the norm enshrined in clause 3.1 Article 3 of the Federal Law “On Limited Liability Companies” is an exception to the general rule on the termination of an obligation by liquidation of a legal entity (Article 419 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). Due to the similarity of this liability with subsidiary liability in case of insolvency (bankruptcy), the authors propose to apply by analogy the provisions of the provisions of Chapter III.2 of the Federal Law “On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)” and the clarifications of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, enshrined in the Resolution of the Plenum of December 21, 2017 No. 53 “On some issues related to holding persons controlling the debtor liable in bankruptcy”.
Issues of Protection of the Rights of Citizens in Criminal Cases of Private Prosecution at the Stage of Initiation of Criminal Proceedings
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russia, Lunina Natalia N.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the implementation of the rights of citizens in criminal cases of private prosecution at the stage of initiation of a criminal case. Based on the analysis of the norms of Articles 318, 319 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, attention is drawn to the problems that arise when initiating criminal cases of private prosecution. It is noted that the procedure for initiating a criminal case of private prosecution has been generally developed, but at the same time needs further improvement. The content of the application for the initiation of a criminal case, the procedure for filing it and determining jurisdiction are sufficiently regulated by the criminal procedure law of the Russian Federation, which refers to guarantees of personal rights both in relation to the victim (private prosecutor) and the person accused of committing a crime in a private prosecution case. The article contains an analysis of the procedural procedure for initiating a criminal case by the body of inquiry and the justice of the peace and the conclusion that the justice of the peace (judge of the district (city) court) is in any case obliged to accept the statement of the victim (private prosecutor) in the case of a private prosecution and verify it only in the form of a statement. It is from the moment when the judge makes a decision to accept the application for production that the criminal case of a private prosecution should be considered initiated, while the body of inquiry has the right to make a decision on the initiation of a criminal case, having assessed the sufficiency of the grounds. According to the author, all legal procedural mechanisms in cases of private prosecution have been created by the legislator and are currently being applied by magistrates (district (city) courts).
Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease: Updated examination of mechanisms, pathophysiology, treatment, and association with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Cui Na , Dai Ting , Liu Yang , Wang Ya-Yu , Lin Jia-Yu , Zheng Qing-Fan , Zhu Dong-Dong , Zhu Xue-Wei
Published: April 2024

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is an inflammatory condition in the laryngopharynx and upper aerodigestive tract mucosa caused by reflux of stomach contents beyond the esophagus. LPRD commonly presents with sym-ptoms such as hoarseness, cough, sore throat, a feeling of throat obstruction, excessive throat mucus. This complex condition is thought to involve both reflux and reflex mechanisms, but a clear understanding of its molecular mechanisms is still lacking. Currently, there is no standardized diagnosis or treatment protocol. Therapeutic strategies for LPRD mainly include lifestyle modifications, proton pump inhibitors and endoscopic surgery. This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature regarding the mechanisms, patho-physiology and treatment of LPRD. We also provide an in-depth exploration of the association between LPRD and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Preoperative prediction of perineural invasion of rectal cancer based on a magnetic resonance imaging radiomics model: A dual-center study
Authors: Liu Yan , Sun Bai-Jin-Tao , Zhang Chuan , Li Bing , Yu Xiao-Xuan , Du Yong
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Perineural invasion (PNI) has been used as an important pathological indicator and independent prognostic factor for patients with rectal cancer (RC). Preoperative prediction of PNI status is helpful for individualized treatment of RC. Recently, several radiomics studies have been used to predict the PNI status in RC, demonstrating a good predictive effect, but the results lacked generalizability. The preoperative prediction of PNI status is still challenging and needs further study.

AIM

To establish and validate an optimal radiomics model for predicting PNI status preoperatively in RC patients.

METHODS

This retrospective study enrolled 244 postoperative patients with pathologically confirmed RC from two independent centers. The patients underwent pre-operative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between May 2019 and August 2022. Quantitative radiomics features were extracted and selected from oblique axial T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and contrast-enhanced T1WI (T1CE) sequences. The radiomics signatures were constructed using logistic regression analysis and the predictive potential of various sequences was compared (T2WI, T1CE and T2WI + T1CE fusion sequences). A clinical-radiomics (CR) model was established by combining the radiomics features and clinical risk factors. The internal and external validation groups were used to validate the proposed models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), DeLong test, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the model performance.

RESULTS

Among the radiomics models, the T2WI + T1CE fusion sequences model showed the best predictive performance, in the training and internal validation groups, the AUCs of the fusion sequence model were 0.839 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.757-0.921] and 0.787 (95%CI: 0.650-0.923), which were higher than those of the T2WI and T1CE sequence models. The CR model constructed by combining clinical risk factors had the best predictive performance. In the training and internal and external validation groups, the AUCs of the CR model were 0.889 (95%CI: 0.824-0.954), 0.889 (95%CI: 0.803-0.976) and 0.894 (95%CI: 0.814-0.974). Delong test, NRI, and IDI showed that the CR model had significant differences from other models (P < 0.05). Calibration curves demonstrated good agreement, and DCA revealed significant benefits of the CR model.

CONCLUSION

The CR model based on preoperative MRI radiomics features and clinical risk factors can preoperatively predict the PNI status of RC noninvasively, which facilitates individualized treatment of RC patients.
Association between childhood obesity and gut microbiota: 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based cohort study
Authors: Li Xu-Ming , Lv Qing , Chen Ya-Jun , Yan Lu-Biao , Xiong Xin
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to identify characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children (8-12 years old) using 16S rDNA sequencing. The research aimed to provide insights for mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity. Thirty normal-weight and thirty age- and sex-matched obese children were included. Questionnaires and body measurements were collected, and fecal samples underwent 16S rDNA sequencing. Significant differences in body mass index (BMI) and body-fat percentage were observed between the groups. Analysis of gut microbiota diversity revealed lower α-diversity in obese children. Di-fferences in gut microbiota composition were found between the two groups. Prevotella and Firmicutes were more abundant in the obese group, while Bacteroides and Sanguibacteroides were more prevalent in the control group.

AIM

To identify the characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children (8-12-year-old) using 16S rDNA sequencing, and provide a basis for subsequent mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity.

METHODS

Thirty each normal-weight, 1:1 matched for age and sex, and obese children, with an obese status from 2020 to 2022, were included in the control and obese groups, respectively. Basic information was collected through questionnaires and body measurements were obtained from both obese and normal-weight children. Fecal samples were collected from both groups and subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform for gut microbiota diversity analysis.

RESULTS

Significant differences in BMI and body-fat percentage were observed between the two groups. The Ace and Chao1 indices were significantly lower in the obese group than those in the control group, whereas differences were not significant in the Shannon and Simpson indices. Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated significant differences in unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances between the gut microbiota of normal-weight and obese children (P < 0.01), suggesting substantial disparities in both the species and quantity of gut microbiota between the two groups. Prevotella , Firmicutes , Bacteroides , and Sanguibacteroides were more abundant in the obese and control groups, respectively. Heatmap results demonstrated significant differences in the gut microbiota composition between obese and normal-weight children.

CONCLUSION

Obese children exhibited lower α-diversity in their gut microbiota than did the normal-weight children. Significant differences were observed in the composition of gut microbiota between obese and normal-weight children.
ETHNO-PEDAGOGICAL BASIS OF FORMATION OF SPIRITUAL AND MORAL OUTLOOK OF TEENAGE GIRLS
Authors:   Acting associate professor of Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan, Oltibayevna Qo'chqarova Aysha
Published: April 2024

Teenage years are a time of rapid growth and development, both physically and mentally. During this time, teenagers are forming their identities and values, and are often seeking guidance and direction as they navigate the complex world around them. One powerful tool that can help in the formation of a teenager's spiritual and moral worldview is reading. By exposing teenagers to different perspectives, exploring ethical dilemmas, and providing positive role models, reading can play a significant role in shaping their values and beliefs.
Current Studies in Social Sciences VIII
Authors: İşler İlknur , Kaptaner Harun , Yalçın Melike , Şahan Ferit Çağdaş , Demirbay Sevim Gülin , Gündüz Fatma Feyza
Published: April 2024

Ecocritical Analysis of George Orwell’s Coming Up For Air
İlknur İŞLER
From Traditional Milk Houses to Modern Breakfast Cafes: A Sociological Perspective on Changes in Local Gastronomy
Harun KAPTANER
Prevalence of Women’s Poverty, Ways of Struggle It Within The Scope of Social Work and Intervention Strategies
Melike YALÇIN
The Conflict Between Civil and Common Law Traditions Through The Enforcement and Recognition of Foreign Judgements
Ferit Çağdaş ŞAHAN
An Examination of The Influential Factors on TheAcademic Achievement of Generation Z Students by Fishbone Method
Sevim Gülin DEMİRBAY
Fatma Feyza GÜNDÜZ