bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variable responses to top-down and bottom-up control on multiple traits in the foundational plant, Spartina alterniflora
Authors: Valdez Stephanie R. , Daleo Pedro , DeLaMater David S. , Silliman Brian R.
Published: May 2023

While the effects of top-down and bottom-up forces on aboveground plant growth have been extensively examined, less is known about the relative impacts of these factors on other aspects of plant life history. In a fully-factorial, field experiment in a salt marsh in Virginia, USA, we manipulated grazing intensity (top-down) and nutrient availability (bottom-up) and measured the response in a suite of traits for smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). The data presented within this manuscript are unpublished, original data that were collected from the same experiment presented in Silliman and Zieman 2001. Three categories of traits and characteristics were measured: belowground characteristics, litter production, and reproduction, encompassing nine total responses. Of the nine response variables measured, eight were affected by treatments. Six response variables showed main effects of grazing and/ or fertilization, while three showed interactive effects. In general, fertilization led to increased cordgrass belowground biomass and reproduction, the former of which conflicts with predictions based on resource competition theory. Higher grazing intensity had negative impacts on both belowground biomass and reproduction. This result contrasts with past studies in this system that concluded grazer impacts are likely relegated to aboveground plant growth. In addition, grazers and fertilization interacted to alter litter production so that litter production disproportionately increased with fertilization when grazers were present. Our results revealed both predicted and unexpected effects of grazing and nutrient availability on understudied traits in a foundational plant and that these results were not fully predictable from understanding the impacts on aboveground biomass alone. Since these diverse traits link to diverse ecosystem functions, such as carbon burial, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem expansion, developing future studies to explore multiple trait responses and synthesizing the ecological knowledge on top-down and bottom-up forces with trait-based methodologies may provide a promising path forward in predicting variability in ecosystem function.
Prevalence and profile of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from broiler meat in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wibawati Prima Ayu , Hartadi Erwan Budi , Kartikasari Anjani Marisa , Wardhana Dhandy Koesoemo , Abdramanov Abzal
Published: May 2023

Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria can avoid the mechanisms of action of antibiotic drugs, resulting in a reduced antibiotic activity. This is dangerous for animals and humans because treatment of infectious diseases can take longer and may even lead to treatment failure. Bacteria in meat can be the cause of meat-borne diseases for consumers. This study aimed to determine the resistance profile of Escherichia coli from broiler meat slaughtered in several local government poultry slaughterhouses in East Java.

Materials and Methods: The 122 samples studied were from the pectoralis muscle of broilers from local government poultry slaughterhouses. The isolation and identification of E. coli from broiler meat were confirmed using MacConkey agar and eosin methylene blue agar, followed by Gram-staining, and an indole methyl red, Voges–Proskauer, and citrate test. The E. coli isolates were then tested for antibiotic resistance using the Kirby–Bauer method, and the results were interpreted using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.

Results: The isolation and identification tests for E. coli indicated that 44.26% (54) of the samples were positive for E. coli. The results of the antibiotic resistance tests demonstrated that the resistance, from highest to lowest, was to erythromycin, trimethoprim, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, cephalothin , tetracycline, and chloramphenicol antibiotics with resistance of 66.7%, 61.1%, 59.3%, 35.2%, 33.3%, 27.8 %, 24.1%, and 24.1% respectively. Of the 54 isolates, 32 (59.26%) were resistant to ≥3 antimicrobials.

Conclusion: The study found that the prevalence of E. coli in broiler meat in East Java, Indonesia was 44.26%. These bacteria were resistant to all of the antibiotics that were examined with high to very high resistance levels and are associated with multi-drug resistance (MDR) (59.26%). The presence of E. coli in broiler meat for human consumption can cause meat-borne illness, and the discovery of MDR is a matter of concern in the One Health approach because apart from having an impact on human health as meat consumers, it can also have an impact on animal health and the environment.

Keywords: antibiotic resistance, broiler meat, Escherichia coli, public health.
Phylogenetic characterization of the canine distemper virus isolated from veterinary clinics in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Van Tien My , Le Trung Quang , Tran Bich Ngoc
Published: May 2023

Background and Aim: Canine distemper (CD) caused by the CD virus (CDV) has a high mortality rate that severely affects dog populations and other terrestrial carnivores worldwide. However, the genetics of CDV strains circulating in various regions in Vietnam, especially the Mekong Delta, remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the molecular status of CDV strains circulating in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

Materials and Methods: Ocular/nasal swabs were collected from 550 dogs with clinically suspected CDV infection from veterinary clinics in three Vietnamese provinces. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on the part of the hemagglutinin gene was performed. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the relationship between the detected CDV and GenBank sequences.

Results: The molecular study demonstrated that 4.18% (23/550) of the dogs were positive for CDV. The clinical findings revealed that the positive dogs exhibited clinical signs of distemper. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the identified CDV sequences were clustered in the same branch with the genotype Asia-1 and distantly related to the vaccine strains. Notably, the CDV sequences detected in this study were grouped with the sequences previously found in southeast Vietnam; however, they were distant from those found in the north.

Conclusion: The present study confirmed the presence of CDV and to the best of our knowledge, highlighted for the first time that the CDV strains circulating in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam belong to the genotype Asia-1.

Keywords: canine, distemper virus, hemagglutinin gene, phylogenetic analysis, Vietnam.
A review of dairy cattle heat stress mitigation in Indonesia
Authors: Asmarasari Santiananda Arta , Azizah Nurul , Sutikno Sutikno , Puastuti Wisri , Amir Azhar , Praharani Lisa , Rusdiana Supardi , Hidayat Cecep , Hafid Anita , Kusumaningrum Diana Andrianita , Saputra Ferdy , Talib Chalid , Herliatika Agustin , Shiddieqy Mohammad Ikhsan , Hayanti Sari Yanti
Published: May 2023

Indonesia is a tropical country with a hot climate. In tropical nations such as Indonesia, heat stress is a key reason for the reduced productivity of dairy cattle. Heat stress is a combination of internal and external stimuli that affects an animal, raises its body temperature, and causes it to react physiologically. Most Indonesian dairy cattle are Friesian Holstein (FH), imported from European nations with a temperate environment with low temperatures in the range of 5°C–25°C. Indonesia has a tropical climate with a high ambient temperature that can reach 34°C during the day and the local relative humidity varies between 70% and 90%. Temperature and humidity are two microenvironment factors that may impact the production and heat release in FH cattle. More than 98% of the entire dairy cattle population in Indonesia is found on Java Island. On Java Island, there are between 534.22 and 543.55 thousand heads of cattle, while the dairy cattle population outside Java Island is just 6.59 thousand heads of cattle. The milk output climbs by an average of 3.34% per year, or approximately 909.64 thousand tons and the average annual growth in whole milk consumption was 0.19 L/capita. Indonesian cow milk output has been unable to keep pace with the country’s increasing demand. This study aimed to review the strategies to mitigate heat stress in FH dairy cattle in Indonesia.

Keywords: dairy cattle, heat stress, Indonesia, tropical country.
Effects of Health Belief on Infectious Disease Prevention Behavior: Focusing on the Moderating Effects of Social Exclusion
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Song Eugene , Kwon Seol A , Lee Ju Ho , Lee Hyemi
Published: May 2023

Identifying and demonstrating the factors affecting individual infectious disease prevention behavior is important in that it can provide evidence for establishing an intervention strategy to promote preventive behavior. This study analyzed the factors affecting the practice behavior of preventing infectious diseases based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), but examined the moderating effect of the influencing factors according to the level of social exclusion in consideration of the public health characteristics of the practice behavior. Perceived severity and perceived probability constituting perceived threats were found to have no significant effect on the intention to prevent infectious diseases, while perceived social distancing disorders and perceived vaccination disorders were found to have a significant impact. In the case of the moderating effect of social exclusion, it was found that the perceived social distancing disorder and perceived benefits had a significant influence on infectious disease prevention practice behavior only in groups with low social exclusion.
Korpuslinguistische Betrachtungen zum grammatischen Wandel in DaF-Lehrwerken. Zwischen Authentizität und Lernbarkeit
Authors: Behnke Lars
Published: May 2023

The grammar of a language constantly changes. Synchronically this change is manifest in the emergence of alternate grammatical constructions. The side-by-side of old and new variants is part of a speaker’s language competence. Thus, a greater awareness of variation, which would allow learners to contextualize different variants, at least receptively, is demanded for the teaching German as a foreign language. The present paper investigates how five different textbook series of German as a foreign language deal with five different language change phenomena: (1) explicitly in productive exercises and grammatical overviews, (2) (for three of the five textbooks) implicitly in their audio- and reading material, which was compiled into a corpus. The distribution of variants was compared with the distribution in authentic texts, available in corpora of written and spoken speech. It turns out that the productive exercises aimed at the acquisition of grammatical constructions are limited to constructions, which are typical for written language use, although some textbooks draw attention to grammatical variants. In audio-material and reading texts, grammatical variation between new and old constructions, which is manifest most clearly in the distinction between oral and written speech, is present, but remains uncommented. On the basis of these data the paper argues for a more authentic approach and a more tolerant attitude towards phenomena of grammatical change in teaching German as a foreign language, which also includes their adequate production.
Integrating translanguaging into assessment: students’ responses and perceptions
Authors: Wang Danping , East Martin
Published: May 2023

This paper explores how beginners in a second language (L2) perform on and perceive an online writing test that is designed based on the notion of translanguaging. The test was administered during emergency remote teaching when many L2 courses navigated creative solutions to online testing. Situated in an ab initio Mandarin Chinese course in New Zealand, 163 students’ first-time digital compositions in Chinese and responses to an immediate follow-up survey on their translanguaging practices were analysed as part of evaluating a new assessment design. Students’ digital compositions demonstrated purposeful translanguaging in assessment conditions, judiciously negotiating their existing linguistic knowledge when completing the task. The writing assessment showed augmented task completion when learners’ trans-semiotic repertoires were recognised as a legitimate resource for identity expression. The survey found that most students supported the creative design that integrated digital multimodal composition and translanguaging, replacing the monolingually-focused handwriting-based test tasks. Some students were sceptical of the translanguaging approach and found it unexpected, unnecessary, and inauthentic. The study suggests that L2 writing test design might incorporate translanguaging as a creative and transformative assessment facet to genuinely engage beginning learners in meaningful writing tasks when their proficiency level is limited.
Mechanical behavior of a new similar material for weathered limestone in karst area: An experimental investigation
Authors: Jiang Nan , Guo Panpan , Zhang Hui , Lu Fangqing , Liu Jian
Published: May 2023

Considering the important effect of mineral composition, this article deduces the similarity criterion based on the dimensional method. Similar materials suitable for tuffs with different degrees of weathering in karst areas are made. By virtue of the orthogonal experiment, the mechanical behaviors of the similar materials with various mix proportions are systematically investigated. It provides an important reference and basis for the next proposed model tests on the stability of tuff strata in karst areas. The results indicate that a stable mechanical behavior can be achieved for the similar material made of quartz sand, cement, gypsum, limestone powder, diatomite, red clay, and water. Moreover, it is also found that the aggregate and the binder have an observable influence on the mechanical behavior of the similar material. With an increase in the amount of cement and gypsum, the homogeneity of the sample increases, failure mode in which the specimen shows lateral compression damage. However, with increasing the amount of quartz sand, there is a tendency that a weak structural plane will be generated within the sample. Thus, this similar material can be satisfactorily used for simulating limestone of different weathering degrees in a scaled model test.
A New Hieratic Ostracon from Lachish
Authors: Wimmer Stefan Jakob , Webster Lyndelle , Streit Katharina , Höflmayer Felix
Published: May 2023

A fragmentary ostracon, inscribed in Egyptian hieratic and found by the Austrian team during renewed excavations at Lachish, can safely be dated to the early (pre-Amarna) 18th dynasty. Albeit difficult to read, it seems to preserve part of a list with apparently Canaanite names and allocated provisions, in a structured layout. This differs notably from the later (Ramesside) hieratic inscriptions from Lachish and provides important evidence for early scribal practice and Egyptian involvement at the site in the 15th century BC.
The Ancient Egyptian Origin of a Transcultural Trope, across Classical, Islamic, and Jewish Traditions
Authors: Prada Luigi
Published: May 2023

The article studies the trope of the crocodile bird in its evolution from antiquity to the present day. The story tells of the mutualistic behaviour between the Nile crocodile and an Egyptian bird, typically known as the trochilus. The trope has a complex history: primarily known from classical writers, it spread in fact to Jewish and Islamic traditions, too. The story is universally thought to be an invention of Herodotus. But a demotic papyrus, here published for the first time, proves that the trope of the crocodile bird has its true origin in ancient Egyptian culture.
Die signifikanten Merkmale der entdeckten Amduat-Fragmente im Grab KV 38
Authors: Ghany Khaled Abdel
Published: May 2023

In 2019 and as part of the project “Thutmose’ I Amduat-Specimen”, further research work was performed at the tomb KV 38. During last course of this exploration, I achieved to secure more small mud-plaster fragments of the Book of Amduat, of which the cliff walls of the burial chamber were decorated. These different Amduat fragments can be identified as a part of the fourth, eighth, and ninth hour of the Book of Amduat. About the ninth hour there had never been a hint or a corresponding mention of it before. Therefore, this is also a piece of new archaeological evidence. After a comparative analysis of the paleographic and iconographic features of the displayed scenes on the newly found Amduat fragments with similar scenes from the tomb KV 34, it could be proved that there is a definite development between the time of Thutmose I and his successors. Furthermore, these sections highlight the iconographic features of the Amduat version of Thutmose I – their characteristic attributes and archaic decoration style form the original basis on which all subsequent versions have been built. Thus, this version could be the earliest source of the theological underworld books of the early 18th Dynasty.
Ratphones: An Affordable Tool for Highly Controlled Sound Presentation in Freely Moving Rats
Authors: Valente Mafalda , Castiñeiras-de Saa Juan R. , Renart Alfonso , Pardo-Vazquez Jose L.
Published: May 2023

Encoding and processing sensory information is key to understanding the environment and to guiding behavior accordingly. Characterizing the behavioral and neural correlates of these processes requires the experimenter to have a high degree of control over stimuli presentation. For auditory stimulation in animals with relatively large heads, this can be accomplished by using headphones. However, it has proven more challenging in smaller species, such as rats and mice, and has been only partially solved using closed-field speakers in anesthetized or head-restrained preparations. To overcome the limitations of such preparations and to deliver sound with high precision to freely moving animals, we have developed a set of miniature headphones for rats. The headphones consist of a small, skull-implantable base attached with magnets to a fully adjustable structure that holds the speakers and keeps them in the same position with respect to the ears.
Comparative life cycle assessment of marine microalgae, Nannochloropsis sp. and fishmeal for sustainable protein ingredients in aquaculture feeds
Authors: McKuin Brandi , Kapuscinski Anne R. , Sarker Pallab K. , Cheek Nicolette , Lim Jacqueline , Sabarsky Martin
Published: May 2023

Fishmeal from small marine pelagic fishes reduces their availability for marine wildlife forage and artisanal fishing catches that support food security in lower income coastal nations. Fishmeal is primarily used in feeds for aquaculture, the world’s fastest-growing food sector. Replacing fishmeal in aquafeeds with more environmentally responsible alternative ingredients can help feed aquaculture transition to more sustainable production methods. Protein from defatted marine microalga, Nannochloropsis sp., produced alongside polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for the nutraceutical market lacks a comprehensive open-access analysis of environmental impacts of producing these products from biorefineries. This study compared life cycle impacts (global warming potential, water use, land use, marine eutrophication potential, freshwater eutrophication potential, and biotic resource use) of protein from fishmeal produced in a small pelagic fish biorefinery to protein from defatted Nannochloropsis meal. We conducted an attributional life cycle assessment using primary data provided by Cellana LLC to model biomass cultivation and harvesting at the Kona Demonstration Facility (Hawaii, USA) and literature data to model the downstream processing of biomass into a high-protein fishmeal replacement for the aquafeed market and concentrated PUFAs for the nutraceutical market. Material and energy inputs from a Nannochloropsis biorefinery included 2 harvesting scenarios (wet and dry biomass) and 2 scenarios for oil extraction and processing (i.e., oil fractionation and concentration of PUFAs): solvents or supercritical carbon dioxide. Results for aquafeed protein from defatted Nannochloropsis were that cultivation processes had the largest overall effect for all scenarios; urea and pure liquid carbon dioxide were environmental hot spots; and the processing scenario involving dry biomass followed by oil extraction and oil processing with solvent had significantly lower environmental impacts than protein from fishmeal from a small pelagic fish biorefinery for global warming potential, water use, marine eutrophication potential, freshwater eutrophication potential, and biotic resource use, but not for land use. These results suggest that aquafeed from marine microalgae can be an environmentally sustainable replacement for fishmeal if high-value metabolites are coproduced in a biorefinery.
Local partners and social engagement strategies: Explaining public responses to Chinese investment in Myanmar
Authors: Zhang Youyi , Yao Ying
Published: May 2023

In developing countries hosting Chinese-financed infrastructure projects under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), some projects gain public support while others encounter opposition. This article seeks to provide an explanation for these different reactions, testing in particular the extent to which the differences stem from the nature of the investment coalitions, including the local partners that Chinese companies choose to work with, and the social engagement strategies that are adopted. Based on 2 survey experiments conducted among the general public and elite college students in Myanmar, the article concludes that Chinese firms, regardless of whether they are state-owned or privately owned, gain the most support when they partner with independent companies with no links to the Burmese military and when they engage directly with the local community. In addition, public reaction is colored by political affiliation, as supporters of the National League for Democracy and groups with access to non-state media were the most critical of projects involving military-linked companies. Overall, this article debunks the myth that Chinese-financed projects can be treated in a monolithic way and has significant implications for BRI. As the BRI aims to promote high-quality development in host states, projects need to be built through inclusive investment coalitions and companies should be encouraged to engage directly with local communities.
La identidad al filo de la palabra: el fenómeno del terruqueo en el ciberespacio, formas y representaciones hegemónicas
Authors: Mago Bruno
Published: May 2023

This article analyzes one of the discriminatory discourses that has recently acquired special relevance in the Peruvian national context: cyberterruqueo. The aim is to carry out a descriptive analysis of the phenomenon —from the political-ideological and ethnic, racial and cultural perspectives—, and to study, in the context of cyberspace, the hegemonic representations that are discursively created with respect to certain sectors of the population. Methodologically, the study has an exploratory qualitative approach. The study of these representations was based on the occurrence of this phenomenon within the framework of the Twitter social network, and the data for the analysis were collected from Twitter. Among the results, it was found that cyberterruqueo functions as a tool of social annihilation and stigmatization that is based on negative representations in order to achieve the invalidation or delegitimization of certain sectors of the population and their demands and needs, in favor of the perpetuation and domination of a hegemonic sector or establishment and its agenda. The article concludes, in turn, that virtual space and the social interactions it comprises are a reflection of reality, and that it allows for the production, reproduction and socialization of certain hegemonic representations configured in the discourse.
Análisis de la descortesía verbal en los actos de habla en el delito de difamación Acosta - Acuña
Authors: Reyes Janeth , Garcia Marco , Gonzales Sofía
Published: May 2023

En algunas situaciones comunicativas, los hablantes emplean enunciados que, dependiendo del uso de las palabras, pueden considerarse ofensivos o agresivos por parte de sus interlocutores; además, podrían ser tipificados como delitos contra el honor, según el Código Penal Peruano (modificado en agosto de 2021). En este artículo se analizan nueve enunciados evaluados en el delito de difamación realizado por Christopher Acosta Alfaro (CAA) a Cesar Acuña Peralta (CAP), con expediente número 03622-2021-0-1801-JR-PE-30, Lima-Perú (2022). Para ello, se considera brevemente los significados asociativos según el contexto. El objetivo del estudio es analizar los enunciados como medios de descortesía verbal en relación con la propuesta de Fuentes (2011) y bajo el modelo SPEAKING propuesto por Hymes (1962); asimismo, describir los actos de habla que la representan. Los resultados señalan que el cotexto, el tipo de discurso, los factores extralingüísticos, la evidencialidad y la intencionalidad desempeñan un rol importante para denominar a los enunciados como difamatorios. La investigación concluye que la descortesía verbal, en correspondencia con los actos de habla en el delito de difamación, se expresan en ataques hacia el desempeño laboral, los valores, el intelecto y las relaciones interpersonales, cuyo propósito es dañar, desprestigiar y desacreditar la imagen del otro.
La gramática en libros de texto del Nivel Secundario de Argentina
Authors: Cárdenas Viviana
Published: May 2023

La gramática escolar ha sido estudiada en Argentina desde la perspectiva glotopolítica y la historiografía lingüística, pero no ha sido abordada a partir de una perspectiva pedagógica. Este artículo se pregunta por el modo en que se plantea la enseñanza de la gramática en libros de texto argentinos de Nivel Secundario desde el segundo tercio del siglo XX hasta la actualidad. Asimismo, da cuenta de la incidencia en la gramática escolar de las políticas estatales para este nivel educativo y de las transformaciones en las teorías lingüísticas. En ese sentido, se seleccionó, con un criterio epistemológico, un corpus de seis libros de textos, correspondientes a los tres primeros años del nivel medio en Argentina. Se realizó un análisis contrastivo del lugar que ocupa la gramática, los objetivos y la modalidad de enseñanza. Los resultados muestran que, en los libros analizados, la tensión entre la gramática como disciplina normativa y la gramática como disciplina científica se resuelve en cada caso de diferente manera sobre la base de dos ejes: la política educativa y lingüística y las teorías sobre el lenguaje que fundan la gramática escolar.
Orality, feigned orality and the expression of (dis)politeness: the system of pronominal address in Gonzalo de Berceo
Authors: Bustos-Gisbert Eugenio
Published: May 2023

This paper analyzes the interaction between politeness and orality in Berceo's work, using an example of difficult interpretation in Vida de Santo Domingo de Silos. The system of pronominal treatment in Berceo's work is studied from a sociopragmatic perspective and relevant conclusions are reached about its importance for the historical study of our language.
Descripción teórica del desempeño electroanalítico del material compuesto de oxihidróxido de vanadio con el colorante escuárico en la detección de la carfedona
Authors: V. Tkach Volodymyr , Kushnir Martha V. , Ivanushko Yana G. , De Oliveira Sílvio C. , Vaz dos Reis Lucinda , Yagodynets´ Petro I. , O. Kormosh Zholt
Published: May 2023

Introducción: en este trabajo se evalúa desde el punto de vista mecanístico teórico el comportamiento electroanalítico del compuesto oxihidróxido de vanadio colorante escuárico en la detección de la carfedona. El proceso electroanalítico incluye la formación de dos formas de vanadio tetravalente, incluyendo el dióxido de vanadio e ion vanadilo. Método: un mecanismo, capaz de describir el comportamiento del sensor, ha sido sugerido y un modelo matemático fue desarrollado y analizado mediante la teoría de estabilidad lineal y análisis de bifurcaciones. Resultados: el análisis del modelo ha probado que la dependencia lineal entre la concentración del fármaco y el parámetro electroquímico se mantiene firme en la ancha región topológica de parámetros. Las inestabilidades oscilatoria y monotónica suelen realizarse cuando son causadas por influencias fuertes de las etapas química y electroquímica en la capacitancia de la doble capa eléctrica. Conclusiones: el compuesto de nanopartículas de oxihidróxido de vanadio (estabilizadas con el colorante escuárico) puede servir como un modificador eficiente de electrodo para la detección de lacarfedona. El oxihidróxido de vanadio desempeña funciones de sustancia activa y el colorante, de la mediadora.
Phytochemical screening and evaluation of the toxic potential of ethanolic extract and fractions of Ageratum fastigiatum
Authors: De Castro Faria Filipe , Alves Ferreira Carina , Lopes Cantuária Vinícius , Kato Kelly Cristina , Armini Ruela Fernando , Costa Archanjo Fernando , Rodrigues Martins Helen , Grael Cristiane
Published: May 2023

Os extratos etanólico e hidroalcoólico de Ageratum fastigiatum são usados ​​na medicina popular como agentes antiinflamatório e analgésico. Neste estudo, o extrato etanólico da parte aérea da planta e suas frações foram avaliados quanto à sua toxicidade em Artemia salina e nas células do tecido conjuntivo de camundongos (L929). O extrato foi particionado e suas fases hexânica, diclorometânica e hidroalcoólica foram submetidas ao mesmo teste. A triagem fitoquímica das fases do extrato foi realizada por meio de testes visando a detecção de classes de metabólitos secundários e GC-MS. Em relação a A. salina, a fase hidroalcoólica apresentou a maior toxicidade (CL50, 1,33 mg/mL) e o extrato etanólico bruto foi o menos tóxico (CL50, 4,81 mg / mL). No ensaio de células L929, a fase de diclorometânica foi a mais tóxica (95,48% de redução na viabilidade celular; LC50, 11,39 μg / mL), enquanto a fase hidroalcoólica foi a menos tóxica (porcentagem de morte celular, 55,67% –19,38%; LC50 , 174,20 μg / mL). O estudo fitoquímico indicou a provável presença de alcalóides, cumarinas, saponinas, triterpenos / esteróides e taninos. A análise por GC-MS identificou a presença de terpenóides e um derivado de licopsamina (alcalóide pirrolizidínico). Esses resultados sugerem que o extrato etanólico de A. fastigiatum possui constituintes (ou seja, compostos fenólicos) que corroboram seu uso na medicina popular como agente antiinflamatório. No entanto, a toxicidade detectada e a presença da 3¢-acetil licopsamina (um marcador quimiotaxonômico do gênero, que é hepatotóxico) indicam que essa planta medicinal deve ser usada com cautela.
’The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Technology’ Edited by Nicole Ziegler and Marta González-Lloret
Authors: Jones Lillian
Published: May 2023

The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and TechnologyEdited by Nicole Ziegler and Marta González-LloretNew York: Routledge, US $ 220, ISBN 9780815360773 (Hardback), 428 pages, 2022
Exploring occurrences of verb phrase ellipsis in journalistic discourse and in a sample of modern American fiction
Authors: Khodadadi Golsa , Hadidi Yaser
Published: May 2023

Verb Phrase Ellipsis (VPE) is a prevailing syntactic phenomenon, yet only a few studies have focused on its occurrences and most of these have been concerned with only a single genre. This study compares two genres: journalistic discourse and modern American fiction, in a sample size of approximately 260,000 words, in terms of their uses of VPE. On the assumption that there is such a thing as differential typological and ontological resources of syntax, these two genres are expected to be constituted by sufficiently distinct syntactic resources. VPE was found to occur three times more frequently in modern American fiction than in journalistic discourse. This suggests that VPE in modern American fiction is driven by such factors as the heightening of emotion, engaging readers and challenging readers’ minds. However, VPE is less common in journalistic discourse, the ellipsis being considered bad form for journalists. Nonetheless, this marginal use can still also elicit emotional responses from readers and be used as a deterrent to face-threatening behavior.
Effective mechanism for the region sustainable development based on a tourist cluster formation
Authors: Agaeva Liliya , Belyaeva Galina
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of key aspects of the region sustainable development based on the tourist cluster formation mechanism: the study of the infrastructure of the territory, the demand for tourist destinations in the region. The topic of the study is relevant, given the geopolitical tension and unstable situation in the international arena, the consequence of which was the introduction of restrictions on a number of foreign tourist destinations. The combination of foreign policy and economic factors gave a positive impetus for the development of domestic tourism.
The object of the study is the tourism sector, as one of the key areas for increasing the region competitiveness and sustainability.
The subject of the study is the mechanism for the formation of a tourist and recreational cluster on the example of the city. Zhigulevsk, Samara region.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the key positions of the mechanism for forming a tourist cluster in the region.
Research objectives:
• study of the essence of the tourist and recreational cluster;
• identification of key positions of the mechanism of effective formation of the tourist cluster;
• study of the potential of the territory of the tourist and recreational cluster of the city of Zhigulevsk, Samara Region.
Methodologists and research methods. The authors applied a systematic approach to the study of the mechanism of forming a tourist cluster in the region: analyzed the engineering infrastructure, transport infrastructure, as well as cultural and historical objects on the example of the tourist cluster of the city of Zhigulevsk, Samara region. The analysis of demand for services of the tourism sector of the Samara region was carried out using an online survey of consumers of this type of services, the results of which are presented using a graphical method.
Degree of scientific development of the topic. The study of the process of forming a tourist and recreational cluster in the region is widely covered in scientific literature, affecting such areas of knowledge as sociology, economics, culture, history, ecology.
The authors of the article analyze, on the one hand, the desires and opportunities of consumers of tourist services, on the other hand, the possibilities of a tourist and recreational cluster to meet the needs of tourists. The key to the effective formation of a tourist and recreational cluster is a comprehensive analysis of the tourist and recreational territory.
A LOW-COMPLEXITY PTS TECHNIQUE–BASED IMPROVED PSO ALGORITHM FOR PAPR REDUCTION IN OFDM SYSTEMS
Authors: Taba Somia , Redadaa Salah , Benchana Mohamed Amine , Ikni Samir
Published: May 2023

Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is a potent and distortionless scheme frequently used to lower the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) levels in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signaling. Although this method effectively reduces the PAPR, its main limitation is the exponential growth in the computational expense caused by the exhaustive search for the optimal complex of rotation factors. This work proposes a suboptimal PTS scheme based on an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The latter exploits heuristics to find the best-matched weighting factors complex in fewer computations. A comparison against existing techniques ascertains the superior efficiency of the proposed scheme in terms of PAPR mitigation and computational burden.
Cursos online Abertos Massivos (MOOCs) como potencializadores do conhecimento em Instituições de Educação Superior
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Bianchi Isaías Scalabrin , Daehn Cheryl Maureen ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Dávila Guillermo Antonio ,   Universidad de Lima / Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Tovma Nataliya ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Shurenov Nursultan ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: May 2023

As universidades desenvolvem permanentemente diversas ações de desenvolvimento que são disponibilizadas no formato de MOOC em várias plataformas. O objetivo deste estudo é propor um artefato com os cursos MOOCs disponibilizados bem como as plataformas utilizadas que são ofertadas. Esse estudo adota a metodologia Design Science Research, para desenvolver o artefato. Nesse sentido, foram pesquisados todos os cursos MOOCs oferecidos gratuitamente e com emissão de certificado pelas 68 universidades federais brasileiras. Os resultados desse estudo é um artefato em formato de um portal com web com todos os cursos MOOCS das IES. O artefato foi demonstrado e avaliado com docentes de IES e percebeu-se o impacto que ele proporciona na capacitação e como potencializador do conhecimento. Esse estudo sugere a criação de uma plataforma única disponibilizada pelas universidades públicas brasileiras como um ecossistema potencializador da gestão do conhecimento para acesso da sociedade em geral.
An Investigation into Physical Activity Levels in Primary School Playgrounds
Authors:   School of Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, UK, Mills Claire , Burnett Rachel ,   School of Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, UK
Published: May 2023

Background: As children spend roughly 30 hours per week at school, the associated benefits of physical activity (PA) can be developed within physical education (PE) lessons, break times and after school activities. Therefore, the main aims of this investigation were to (i) investigate the differences between males and females PA levels across the tarmac area during lunch time, (ii) investigate the impact of staff/teacher supervision and (iii) to determine the effect of the weather on PA within the playground during lunch times and (iv) finally establish how pupils feel levels of PA could be increased during lunchtime. Methods: A mixed methods approach was undertaken to explore children’s PA levels and the effect of gender, adult supervision and weather during school lunchtimes using n=132 participants aged 5-12 years. Moderate-to-vigorous (MPVA) PA levels were measured using systematic scans in 3 playground areas during 3 separate lunchtimes using an adapted version of McKenzie’s pro forma. Focus groups on n=16 pupils aged 7-11 years were conducted to help improve understanding of the effects of supervision and weather on PA, and how levels of PA can be increased. Results: Paired sample t-tests results revealed that males were significantly more active in area one than area two (p=0.04) and females were significantly more active in area three than area one (p<0.01). Focus groups highlighted that supervisors made little impact upon PA, whilst hotter weather was reported to negatively affect PA levels, as children engaged in less active activities to avoid sweating. Conclusions: Overall males were observed to have higher levels of PA during the study, supervisors were important for health and safety but rarely encouraged PA and finally, participants claimed that they were less active when it was hotter.
Disparities in Referral initiation and Completion at an Urban FQHC Look-alike (FQHC-LA) Clinic
Authors: Emerson Amanda , Hughes Dorothy
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to determine referral initiation and completion disparities across primary care encounters at the Hope Family Care Center (HFCC) in Kansas City, MO, by payor type (primary insurance): private insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, and self-pay.

Methods. Data were collected and analyzed for all encounters (N = 4235) over a 15-month period including payor type, referral initiation and completion, and demographics. Referral initiation and completion were calculated by payor type and differences analyzed using Chi-square tests and t-tests. Logistic regression examined payor type association with referral initiation and completion, accounting for demographic variables.

Results. Our analysis showed a meaningful difference in rate of referral to specialists by payor type. The Medicaid encounter referral initiation rate was higher than rates for all other payor types (7.4% vs. 5.0%), and self-pay encounters' referral initiation rate was lower than rates for all other payor types (3.8% vs. 6.4%).of initiating a referral compared to private insurance encounters. There was no difference in referral completion by payor type or demographic category.

Conclusions. Equal referral completion rates across payor types suggested HFCC may have had well-established referral resources for patients. Higher referral initiation rates for Medicaid and lower for self-pay may suggest that insurance coverage offered financial confidence when seeking specialist care. Higher odds of Medicaid encounters initiating a referral could imply greater health needs among Medicaid patients.
Estimation of methane emissions from reservoirs for hydroelectric generation in Costa Rica
Authors: Pérez-Cedeño Rhonmer Orlando , Ramírez-Pisco Rodrigo , Vásquez-Stanescu Carmen Luisa , Suárez-Matarrita Leonardo , Gaitán-Ángulo Mercedes , Gómez-Caicedo Melva
Published: May 2023

Greenhouse gas emissions are related to non-renewable sources. For this reason, the methodological guide for the estimation of methane and carbon dioxide emissions in flooded lands was published in 2006 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Since 2016, several studies have been carried out in temperate and tropical zones reservoirs. Costa Rica is a Central American country known for its large hydroelectric resources and its highly renewable electricity generation matrix. This work represents the first study for 11 of 24 hydroelectric plants managed by the Costa Rican Electricity Institute. Methane emissions, energy density and emission factors for electricity generation are determined. Furthermore, a static mathematical model is used to determine these factors with little input data. It is estimated that the greatest contribution to methane emissions corresponds to the Arenal reservoir, which has the largest surface area and the lowest energy density.
Editorial
Authors: Diez Palomar Javier
Published: May 2023

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Incorporation of Indigenous Knowledge in the Mathematical Geometry Discipline at a TVET College
Authors: Madimabe Makhosi P , Omodan Bunmi Isaiah , Tsotetsi Cias T
Published: May 2023

Mathematical geometrical (MG) concept is often perceived as abstract and difficult to understand by students at the TVET College. Students are unable to perform well in Mathematic Assessments Tasks specifically on this concept. Drawing from this is the declining percentages of student enrolments in mathematics at National Qualification Framework (NQF) level 2. The aim of this study was to enhance the teaching and learning of Mathematical Geometry through the integration of indigenous knowledge in the form of a pilot-practical assessment task (PAT). The research team made use of focus group discussions to gather empirical data. Students were given the practical assessment task that incorporated indigenous knowledge to close the gap of students being unable to relate the mathematical geometry taught in the classroom to their everyday lives that seemed to prevail amongst mathematics students at a TVET College. Ten co-researchers were homogeneously selected based on their level of experience in teaching mathematical geometry at a TVET college located in the Afromontane communities of Thabo Mofutsanyane municipality, South Africa. The result indicated that indigenous knowledge can be utilized as an effective way of learning and teaching mathematical geometry at the TVET college.
The Impact of Technology on Supply Chain Management and Logistics: An Analytical Study
Authors: Agarwal Pankaj
Published: May 2023

The development of technology significantly affects the fields of supply chain management and logistics. These areas now operate more effectively, quickly, and economically because of the integration of technology. Businesses have been able to improve customer service, optimize inventory management, and streamline the supply chains by utilizing automation, artificial intelligence, blockchain technology. Furthermore, the development of digital platforms and software programs has made it possible to track and monitor shipments in real-time, improving visibility and transparency throughout the whole supply chain. As a result, there is a lower chance of mistakes and delays occurring, and businesses are better able to make data-driven decisions and react rapidly to shifting market demands. Additionally, technology has aided in the development of novel business models, such as e-commerce, which have completely altered the conventional supply chain and logistics industry. Companies now need to accommodate smaller, more frequent orders and offer quicker delivery dates due to the increase of internet purchasing. This prompted the creation of fresh strategies and the innovation of delivery drones and autonomous vehicles. In conclusion, technology has transformed logistics and supply chain management, creating new chances for businesses to enhance customer experience, improve operations, and gain a competitive edge.
Factors Affecting Effective Mergers and Acquisition: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Tripathi Ashish Anans
Published: May 2023

For many years, organizations looking to grow, capture more market share or improve their competitive advantages looks to mergers and acquisitions (M&A) as strategic tools. Pre-deal analysis and due diligence stand out as essential components of an effective M&A strategy. It is possible to spot potential risks and value drivers by thoroughly analyzing financial statements, operational synergies, cultural fit, and market dynamics. Inadequate due diligence might result in unforeseen difficulties, such as hidden liabilities or clashing cultures, which impede post-merger integration. Planning for integration and effective communication is equally important. Clear communication strategies manage stakeholder expectations both internally and externally while promoting transparency. Furthermore, establishing synergies and reducing disruptions requires thorough integration planning that takes organizational structure, systems, processes, and human resources into account. Third, leadership and cultural compatibility have a big impact on post-M&A integration. Strong leadership and a common vision facilitate the alignment of strategic goals and employee motivation. If not properly resolved, cultural differences between merging businesses might obstruct integration attempts and reduce the intended benefits.