bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERDEPENDENCE OF CONTROL ACTIVITIES AND MONITORING AS COMPONENTS OF THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors: Radojević Aleksandra , Dragičević Predrag , Milašinović Marko
Published: July 2022

The subject of research in this paper is control activities and monitoring as components of the internal control system in manufacturing companies in the Republic of Serbia. The aim of this paper is to determine not only interdependence of control activities and monitoring, but also the interdependence of these components of the internal control system with indicators of ROA and ROE of a company. An additional goal of this paper is to examine the existence of differences in the assessment of the importance of control activities and monitoring applicable in manufacturing companies of different sizes. The research included a sample of manufacturing companies operating in the Republic of Serbia. The analysis was performed in the SPSS statistical program, where a correlation analysis was performed using the Pearson Coefficient, as well as the Kruskal-Wallis H test and the Mann-Whitney U test. The obtained results showed the existence of a strong positive link between control activities and monitoring, as well as weak links between control activities and monitoring, on one hand, and ROA and ROE indicators of the company, on the other hand. In addition, the results confirmed that there is no difference in the importance of the application of internal control systems, i.e. control activities and monitoring, in manufacturing companies of different sizes.
Preparation of spectrally pure single-photon source at 3 μm mid-infrared band from lithium niobate crystal with domain sequence algorithm
Authors: Zhang Chen-Tao , Shi Xiao-Tao , Zhu Wen-Xin , Zhu Jin-Long , Hao Xiang-Ying , Jin Rui-Bo ,   Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
Published: July 2022

The single-photon source in mid-infrared (MIR) band is very important for the next generation of quantum sensing, quantum communication and quantum imaging. At present, the commonly used method of generating MIR single-photon source is based on the spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) process in the periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal. However, the spectral purity of single-photon source based on the ordinary PPLN is not high, specifically, its maximum value is only about 0.82, which affects the fidelity of quantum information processing scheme. In this paper, 4000 polarized domains in a 30-mm-long LN crystal are customized by using the domain design theory. The sidelobes in the phase matching function are eliminated, and the Gaussian distribution is obtained. The calculated spectral purity of the single-photon source can reach 0.99, and its tunable range is 2.7–3.3 μm. The customized poled lithium niobate (CPLN) is expected to provide a single-photon source with excellent performance for the study of quantum information in the MIR band.
First-principles calculations of Ni-Al-Cr alloys using cluster-plus-glue-atom model
Authors: Jiang Fu-Shi , Wang Wei-Hua , Li Hong-Ming , Wang Qing , Dong Chuang ,   Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China,   College of Mathematics and Physics, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028043, China,   Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China
Published: July 2022

The short range order and physical properties of Ni-Al-Cr alloys are studied by using the cluster-plus-glue-atom model. In the formula [Al-Ni12]AlxCr3–x, x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, Al atom is selected as the center of cluster, then twelve Ni atoms which are arranged at the nearest neighboring sites constructe a cluster, and Al atoms and Cr atoms which are located at second neighboring sites are glue atoms. The results of formation energy show that the configurations of cluster-plus-glue-atoms model are more stable than the other configurations with all compositions. The results of difference charge density show that the charge density transfer of Ni-Al-Cr system is mainly accumulated between Ni and Al atoms or between Ni and Cr atoms. It means that Ni-Al and Ni-Cr are more easily bonded than Ni-Ni and Al-Cr. The electronic band structures indicate that Ni-Al-Cr alloy has conductor properties. The hybrid effects between Ni-3d and Al-3p or Ni-3d and Cr-3d are obvious, which verifies that there are strong interactions between Ni and Al atoms or between Ni and Cr atoms.
Teacher Students’ Designing Media Education for Older People: Creative and Need-Based Pedagogies Emphasized
Authors: Rivinen Susanna , Rasi Päivi , Vuojärvi Hanna , Purtilo-Nieminen Sirpa
Published: July 2022

This study develops Finnish teacher education by exploring the perspectives of teacher student’s on older people’s media education and equipping teacher students to better support older people’s media literacies. Student teams designed media-literacy interventions in the context of a course, “Older People, Media Education, and Facilitation of Learning,” offered in separated teacher pedagogical studies at one Finnish University during the academic year 2019‒2020. Research participants included 22 teacher students and 15 stakeholders (older people and professionals working with older people). The research data consists of students’ designs and presentations on how media education should be implemented for older people as well as feedback from stakeholders. The research data was collected during the course and evaluation workshop organized at the end of the course as part of an ongoing project. Results indicate that creative and need-based pedagogies were emphasized and course development should be continued in light of the results.
Synopsis
Authors: Ruokamo Heli , Nordkvelle Yngve
Published: July 2022

The 2021 Media Education Conference (MEC 2021 [ulapland.fi]) took place on top of Ounasvaara Hill in Rovaniemi from September 28–October 1, 2021. MEC (formerly NBE) is an informal and friendly conference that participants attend to exchange ideas and information dealing with media education, educational use of ICTs, and learning environments. MEC 2021 was organized by the Media Education Hub at the University of Lapland. The theme of MEC 2021 was “Media Education in Autumn Colors.” MEC 2021 also celebrated the 20th birthday of the Media Education Hub. MEC 2021 participants were invited to submit paper proposals to be published in this special issue of seminar.net.

The themes and topics of the ninth MEC conference dealt with a) media, digital, and information literacies; b) digital media in teaching and learning; c) playful learning; and d) media education, participation, and well-being.
Analysis of the Welfare Level of Gillnet Fisherman in the Nusantara Fishery Port Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi
Authors: Suryana Asep Agus Handaka , Indriyani Puspita , Maulina Ine , Nurhayati Atikah
Published: July 2022

The condition of natural resources, especially in the field of fisheries, which is very abundant, does not guarantee the economic life of the community is prosperous. This is supported by previous research that discusses the problems of the economic life of the fishing community in Palabuhanratu which is still below the poverty line, especially traditional fishermen and laborers. This study aims to analyze the welfare level of gillnets Fisherman in the Nusantara Fisheries Port, Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi. This research was conducted from Februari 2022 to June 2022. The method used is a descriptive method with a case study approach. Welfare level is analyzed using qualititative data and primary data that is scored on welfare indicators according to the modified Central Statistics Agency (2015). Data collection using questionnaires and documentation techniques. The sampling technique used in this research is the census. Technique census sampling is using the entire population to be used with total of 24 respondents. The results showed that the average score of the welfare level of drift gillnet fishermen in Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi was 2.27, which means that it belongs to the moderate level of welfare. The most influential factor in the level of fishermen's welfare is income. The income of fishermen is not stable due to the uncertain number of catches, extreme weather, irrelevant fishing gear and fishermen still relying on ship owners. Fishermen must have a side income in order to increase income to fulfill their daily needs. Besides that, there needs to be a government institution that is able to fight for fishermen in obtaining capital and reactivate existing cooperatives.
Projected Changes in Climate Over Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu in Southern India
Authors: Rajavel M. , Kumar M. Selva , Bhuvaneswari K. , Vakeswaran V. , Kumar S. Mohan , Sathyamoorthy N. K. , Balakrishnan N. , Gowtham R. , Priyanka S.
Published: July 2022

Climate change, as well as an increase in extreme weather, are posing a serious threat to socioeconomic and livelihood security. For this study, the Cauvery delta zone (CDZ) was chosen to examine current and anticipated climate variability and trend. The four largest districts of Tamil Nadu's Cauvery delta region are Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Mayiladuthurai, and Nagapattinam. The Indian meteorological agency provided the baseline data sets (IMD). Using IPCC AR5 RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the maximum and minimum temperatures, as well as precipitation, were investigated. The maximum temperature could rise to 1.1oC to 3.6oC, while the minimum temperature could rise to 2.8 to 4.5oC, according to the findings. It was also concluded that there will be 15-16% rise in the rainfall during end of the century.
Preparing Psychology Undergraduates for the Future
Authors:   Grand Canyon University, Terry Laura , Chesniak-Phipps Laura ,   Grand Canyon University
Published: July 2022

The American Psychological Association (APA) separates student learning outcomes into two categories: foundational and baccalaureate. Foundational outcomes are generally built into the lower level course curriculum of the major and typically include an introductory course as well as a methods course (American Psychological Association, 2013). Baccalaureate indicators include specific expectations that a student who does not plan to continue their education needs in order to perform in the field at the completion of the bachelor’s degree (APA, 2013). In 2014, when a programmatic review was conducted on the undergraduate psychology program, a need for change was identified to ensure the program aligned to guidelines set forth by the APA for undergraduate programs. The guidelines help to confirm that students are prepared for a career in the field or graduate school. For this reason, changes to the curriculum included the addition of a foundational course focusing on research, Introduction to Psychological Research and Ethics. To ensure relevancy, a Cognitive Neuroscience course was added to the program. Finally, baccalaureate courses are to incorporate “expectations for performance at the completion of the major” for students who plan to further their education and for those who do not (APA, 2013, p. 4). For this reason, a Professional Capstone Project course was added to the program. With instructor guidance, the capstone course provides students the opportunity to explore and solidify choices post-graduation. This course has been successful; therefore, it has been used as a model to create capstone courses in other disciplines in the college (Freeman, 2012). However, improvements can still be made to ensure that students are prepared to transition to life post-graduation. Keywords: professional capstone, undergraduate, psychology, career preparation
Nature‐Derived Okra Gel as Strong Hemostatic Bioadhesive in Human Blood, Liver, and Heart Trauma of Rabbits and Dogs
Authors: Huang Yu , Fan Chaoqiang , Liu Yuqing , Yang Lu , Hu Weichao , Liu Shuang , Wang Tongchuan , Shu Zhenzhen , Li Bingyun , Xing Malcolm , Yang Shiming
Published: July 2022

Bioadhesive performance can be compromised due to bleeding. Bleeding increases mortality. Adhesives with hemostatic function are of great significance. A sustainable and robust hemostatic bioadhesive from okra is reported. The adhesive strength reaches around three and six‐fold higher than commercial fibrin on pigskin and glass, respectively. The okra gel presents high‐pressure resistance and great underwater adhesive strength. In human blood experiments, the okra gel can activate platelets, enhance the adhesion of activated platelets, and release coagulation factors XI and XII. By forming a fast gel layer and closely adhering to the wound, it can quickly stop bleeding in the liver and heart of rabbits and dogs. Meanwhile, okra gel can cause platelet activation at the wound site and further strengthen its hemostatic performance. It is biocompatible, biodegradable, and can promote wound healing and shows potential as a sustainable bioadhesive, especially in the scenario of significant hemorrhage.
High‐Efficiency Magnon‐Mediated Magnetization Switching in All‐Oxide Heterostructures with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy
Authors: Zheng Dongxing , Lan Jin , Fang Bin , Li Yan , Liu Chen , Ledesma‐Martin J. Omar , Wen Yan , Li Peng , Zhang Chenhui , Ma Yinchang , Qiu Ziqiang , Liu Kai , Manchon Aurélien , Zhang Xixiang
Published: July 2022

The search for efficient approaches to realize local switching of magnetic moments in spintronic devices has attracted extensive attention. One of the most promising approaches is the electrical manipulation of magnetization through electron‐mediated spin torque. However, the Joule heat generated via electron motion unavoidably causes substantial energy dissipation and potential damage to spintronic devices. Here, all‐oxide heterostructures of SrRuO3/NiO/SrIrO3 are epitaxially grown on SrTiO3 single‐crystal substrates following the order of the ferromagnetic transition metal oxide SrRuO3 with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, insulating and antiferromagnetic NiO, and metallic transition metal oxide SrIrO3 with strong spin–orbit coupling. It is demonstrated that instead of the electron spin torques, the magnon torques present in the antiferromagnetic NiO layer can directly manipulate the perpendicular magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer. This magnon mechanism may significantly reduce the electron motion‐related energy dissipation from electron‐mediated spin currents. Interestingly, the threshold current density to generate a sufficient magnon current to manipulate the magnetization is one order of magnitude smaller than that in conventional metallic systems. These findings suggest a route for developing highly efficient all‐oxide spintronic devices operated by magnon current.
A 2D Ultrathin Nanopatterned Interlayer to Suppress Lithium Dendrite Growth in High‐Energy Lithium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Han Kyu Hyo , Seok Jae Young , Kim In Ho , Woo Kyoohee , Kim Jang Hwan , Yang Geon Gug , Choi Hee Jae , Kwon Sin , Jung Edwin Ino , Kim Sang Ouk
Published: July 2022

A novel strategy for robust and ultrathin (<1 µm) multilayered protective structures to address uncontrolled Lithium (Li) dendrite growth at Li‐metal battery anodes is reported. Synergetic interaction among Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films, and self‐assembled block‐copolymer (BCP) layers enables effective suppression of dendritic Li growth. While Ag NP layer confines the growth of Li metal underneath the rGO layer, BCP layer facilitates the fast and uniformly distributed flux of Li‐ion transport and mechanically supports the rGO layer. Notably, highly aligned nanochannels with ≈15 nm diameter and ≈600 nm length scale interpenetrating within the BCP layer offer reversible well‐defined pathways for Li‐ion transport. Dramatic stress relaxation with the multilayered structure is confirmed via structural simulation considering the mechanical stress induced by filamentary‐growth of Li metal. Li‐metal anodes modified with the protective layer well‐maintain stable reaction interfaces with limited solid‐electrolyte interphase formation, yielding outstanding cycling stability and enhanced rate capability, as demonstrated by the full‐cells paired with high‐loading of LiFePO4 cathodes. The idealized design of multilayer protective layer provides significant insight for advanced Li‐metal anodes.
A Microfiber Sensor for the Trace Copper Ions Detection Based on Ternary Sensitive film
Authors: Chen Jiguang , Sun Dandan , Xu Shaomin , Fu Yongming , Yang Yukun , Ma Jie
Published: July 2022

An optic‐fiber sensor for detecting the concentration of trace copper ions is proposed using a ternary cross‐linked sensitive film coated on the Mach–Zehnder microfiber interferometer surface. The microfiber has a huge evanescent field offering high sensitivity to the ambient refractive index. The chelation between imidazole groups in the coated thin film and copper ions changes the refractive index of the sensor surface, which is converted into macroscopic wavelength drift in the interference spectrum. The sensitivity of the sensor is up to 7.715 × 106 nm M−1 with the detection limit of 0.0576 ppm. This sensor can effectively avoid the effect of temperature cross‐response and has good specificity and stability. This study has instructive meanings for designing optical pollutant sensors with high stability and improved detection accuracy in a potentially multi‐characteristic environment.
Environment‐Friendly Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes: Progress and Perspective
Authors: Wang Shu‐Zhuang , Wang Jin‐Tao , Lou Yan‐Hui , Zhou Yu‐Hang , Wang Zhao‐Kui
Published: July 2022

Metal halide perovskite materials have shown excellent optoelectronic properties suitable for light‐emitting diodes. With the development of technology in recent years, the performance of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has been improved rapidly, which can be almost comparable with that of the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes counterparts. However, the toxicity of lead in perovskites may be unacceptable to consumers, which severely hinders the commercial applications of PeLEDs. Therefore, massive efforts on more environment‐friendly PeLEDs should be invested, prompting them potential candidates for next‐generation display devices. In this review, the synthesis methods and preparation processes of perovskite emitting layers that are successfully utilized in environment‐friendly PeLEDs are first summarized. Then, a comprehensive analysis of development on the applications of both less‐lead and lead‐free PeLEDs is reported. Finally, the possible strategies to further improve the performance of environment‐friendly PeLEDs are given.
3D Laser Engineering of Molten Core Optical Fibers: Toward a New Generation of Harsh Environment Sensing Devices
Authors: Wang Yitao , Cavillon Maxime , Ballato John , Hawkins Thomas , Elsmann Tino , Rothhardt Manfred , Desmarchelier Rudy , Laffont Guillaume , Poumellec Bertrand , Lancry Matthieu
Published: July 2022

Aluminosilicate glasses offer wide‐ranging potential as enabling materials for a new generation of optical devices operating in harsh environments. In this work, a nonconventional manufacturing process, the molten core method, is employed to fabricate and study sapphire (Al2O3) and YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) derived all‐glass silicate optical fibers in which a femtosecond (fs) laser is used to imprint oriented nanostructures inside the fiber cores. Both writing kinetics and thermal stability of the laser‐modified regions are investigated over a wide temperature range (20–1200 °C). The laser‐imprinted modifications in these high alumina‐content fibers exhibit improved thermal stability with respect to commercial pure silica and GeO2‐doped silica analogs. Furthermore, optical devices in the form of Rayleigh backscattering and fiber Bragg grating sensors are fabricated to demonstrate the high‐temperature sensitivity and stability of these nonconventional fibers. This functionalization of aluminosilicate fibers by fs‐laser direct writing opens the door to a new generation of optical devices suitable for high‐temperature operation.
Crude Oil Leakage Detection Based on DA‐SR Framework
Authors: Gong Faming , Gao Yating , Yuan Xiangbing , Liu Xin , Li Yunjing , Ji Xiaofeng
Published: July 2022

Crude oil leakage is a security issue that needs to be avoided in many production areas such as oil fields and substations. However, crude oil leakage image data is often difficult to obtain due to security and privacy issues in the working area. And shadow interference is also a challenge for oil leakage detection tasks. This paper proposes a crude oil leakage detection method based on the DA‐SR framework. The framework consists of two parts: the data augmentation module and shadow removal module. High‐quality synthetic oil leakage images are generated using the cycle‐consistent adversarial networks (CycleGAN), and further process the synthetic images by a T‐CutMix sample processing method. To solve the problem of shadow interference, this paper uses the FlocalLoss function to calculate the confidence loss based on the YOLOv4 detection network and a hard sample retraining (HSR) algorithm to enhance the images with shadows. The experiments demonstrate that the combination of original and synthetic images when training the model can improve the performance of oil leakage detection. Finally, it is also shown that the detector built from the framework can effectively reduce the false detection of shadows.
Brown manuring and sorghum allelopathy affects weeds, soil health, and paddy yield
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Nawaz Ahmad , Nadeem Faisal , Bajwa Husnain Raza , Salim Muhammad Arslan , Rehman Abdul , Ullah Aman
Published: July 2022

This 5‐yr study (2012–2017) aimed to evaluate the effects of sesbania (Sesbania rostrata Bremek. & Oberm) brown manure (SBM) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in rice (Oryza sativa L.)‐based rotations on weeds, soil properties, and rice yield. Four rice production systems were used: (a) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–rice (control), (b) wheat–rice + SBM, (c) wheat–sorghum–rice, and (d) wheat–sorghum–rice + SBM. Compared with control, allelochemicals accumulated in the rhizospheric soil of all other cropping systems over time and were the highest in the sorghum‐based rotations. Allelochemical accumulation in the soil reduced the densities and aboveground biomass of sedges and grassy and broad‐leaved weeds. Weed suppression was more evident when SBM in rice was included in the postsorghum field vs. the control. The use of SBM also enhanced soil organic matter (SOM), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), and reduced the soil bulk density compared with the control. There was an improvement in SOM by 6.82, 0.57, and 9.09%, SMBC by 3.92, 0.86, and 6.29%, and SMBN by 3.12, 0.97, and 4.43% with wheat–rice + SBM, wheat–sorghum–rice, and wheat–sorghum–rice + SBM rotation, respectively, compared with the control. The highest paddy yield was recorded in the wheat–sorghum–rice–SBM, which was attributed to improved weed suppression in this system vs. wheat–rice rotation. The improved paddy yield in SBM‐based rotations was a direct outcome of better soil health and the built up of allelochemicals in the soil profile, which suppressed weeds and improved rice yield.
Memristive, Spintronic, and 2D‐Materials‐Based Devices to Improve and Complement Computing Hardware
Authors: Joksas Dovydas , AlMutairi AbdulAziz , Lee Oscar , Cubukcu Murat , Lombardo Antonio , Kurebayashi Hidekazu , Kenyon Anthony J. , Mehonic Adnan
Published: July 2022

In a data‐driven economy, virtually all industries benefit from advances in information technology—powerful computing systems are critically important for rapid technological progress. However, this progress might be at risk of slowing down if the discrepancy between the current computing power demands and what the existing technologies can offer is not addressed. Key limitations to improving energy efficiency are the excessive growth of data transfer costs associated with the von Neumann architecture and the fundamental limits of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technologies, such as transistors. Herein, three approaches that will likely play an essential role in future computing systems are discussed: memristive electronics, spintronics, and electronics based on 2D materials. The authors present how these technologies may transform conventional digital computers and contribute to the adoption of new paradigms, like neuromorphic computing.
Robots as Energy Systems: Advances in Robotics across Scales and Technologies
Authors: Duduta Mihai
Published: July 2022

Robots are operating at unprecedented scales and in uniquely challenging environments, particularly near the human body. These robots are enabled by novel actuation, sensing, energy storage, and conversion technologies. Across different scales and between different technologies, the key metrics of performance are related on energy: how it is stored, delivered, or dissipated.
Genetic testing and glomerular hematuria—A nephrologist's perspective
Authors: Kashtan Clifford E.
Published: July 2022

Alport syndrome is an inherited disorder of the kidneys that results from variants in three collagen IV genes—COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5. Early diagnosis and pharmacologic intervention can delay the progression of chronic kidney disease and the onset of kidney failure in patients with Alport syndrome. This article describes the evolution of approaches to the diagnosis and early treatment of Alport syndrome.
Asymmetric Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Surfactant‐Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles
Authors: Gupta Pranshu K. , Kumar Neeraj , Ranganath Kalluri V. S.
Published: July 2022

We report the synthesis of cinchonine and hydrocinchonine derived surfactants by reacting with various mono alkylating agents (hexyl, octyl, octadecyl, dodecyl bromides) and di‐alkylating agent such as α,α’‐p‐xylene‐di‐bromide. A series of chiral surfactants have been used to stabilize palladium nanoparticles (NPs) which are water soluble. These Pd NPs were utilized in asymmetric Suzuki cross coupling reaction of naphthalene boronic acids with substituted naphthalene bromides to get binaphthalenes and terephenylenes. It was observed that, the surfactant's alkyl‐chain length and the palladium source played a major role in this catalytic reaction. The high solubility and positive zeta potential of gemini‐surfactant (GS) stabilized Pd NPs make them attractive as a potential candidate for the synthesis of binaphthalenes and terephenylenes with high yields.
A General Route to Flame Aerosol Synthesis and In Situ Functionalization of Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Liu Shuo , Dun Chaochao , Chen Junjie , Rao Satyarit , Shah Mihir , Wei Jilun , Chen Kaiwen , Xuan Zhengxi , Kyriakidou Eleni A. , Urban Jeffrey J. , Swihart Mark T.
Published: July 2022

Mesoporous silica is a versatile material for energy, environmental, and medical applications. Here, for the first time, we report a flame aerosol synthesis method for a class of mesoporous silica with hollow structure and specific surface area exceeding 1000 m2 g−1. We show its superior performance in water purification, as a drug carrier, and in thermal insulation. Moreover, we propose a general route to produce mesoporous nanoshell‐supported nanocatalysts by in situ decoration with active nanoclusters, including noble metal (Pt/SiO2), transition metal (Ni/SiO2), metal oxide (CrO3/SiO2), and alumina support (Co/Al2O3). As a prototypical application, we perform dry reforming of methane using Ni/SiO2, achieving constant 97 % CH4 and CO2 conversions for more than 200 hours, dramatically outperforming an MCM‐41 supported Ni catalyst. This work provides a scalable strategy to produce mesoporous nanoshells and proposes an in situ functionalization mechanism to design and produce flexible catalysts for many reactions.
On‐Site Non‐enzymatic Orthogonal Activation of a Catalytic DNA Circuit for Self‐Reinforced In Vivo MicroRNA Imaging
Authors: He Shizhen , Yu Shanshan , Li Ruomeng , Chen Yingying , Wang Qing , He Yuqiu , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Fuan
Published: July 2022

The wide extracellular‐intracellular distribution of microRNA requires the on‐site, robust and efficient activation of catalytic DNA circuits inside live cells. Herein, we develop an efficient non‐enzymatic circuitry activation strategy to realize the orthogonally controlled catalytic DNA (CCD) circuit for achieving high‐fidelity in vivo microRNA imaging through multiply guaranteed molecular recognition and progressively accelerated signal amplification. For predictable on‐site activation and useful catalytic efficiency, the dominating circuitry fuel strand was initially split into inactive fuel subunits that were grafted into an auxiliary catalytic circuit. There, the in‐cell‐specific mRNA triggered the orthogonal amplification of the active fuel strands for sensitive target detection through the chief entropy‐driven catalytic DNA circuit. We believe that the on‐site orthogonal circuitry activation method can contribute to clinical diagnosis and prognosis.
Through‐Space Charge Transfer: A New Way to Develop a High‐Performance Fluorescence Sensing Film towards Opto‐Electronically Inert Alkanes
Authors: Wang Zhaolong , Gou Xinyu , Shi Qiyuan , Liu Ke , Chang Xingmao , Wang Gang , Xu Wenjun , Lin Simin , Liu Taihong , Fang Yu
Published: July 2022

New strategies are in high demand for fast, sensitive, selective, on‐site and real‐time detection of the important but challenging alkane vapors owing to their opto‐electronic inertness. Herein, we report, for the first time, a high‐performance fluorescent film sensor (FFS) for the alkanes with a rationally designed through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) molecule as the sensing fluorophore. Steady‐state fluorescence, femto‐second transient absorption spectroscopy and theoretical studies revealed continuous TSCT dynamics in the excited U‐shaped molecule with increasing medium polarity. Furthermore, the interlocked, face‐to‐face alignment between the donor and acceptor favors mass transport of the analyte molecules in the film state. As anticipated, the compound‐based FFS showed an experimental detection limit of ≈10 ppm forn‐pentane, less than 5 s for a full detection, negligible interference and super‐stability, revealing the effectiveness of the design strategy. Notably, the sensor is small (≈3.7 cm3), power‐saving, and workable at room temperature.
Consequences of Noncovalent Interfacial Contacts between Nanoparticles and Giant Vesicles
Authors: Fernandez Ann , Krishna Jithu , Anson Francesca , Dinsmore Anthony D. , Thayumanavan S.
Published: July 2022

Biological membrane fluidity enables shape reform upon a functionally complementary encounter between a biomolecule and a synthetic nanoparticle. Nanomedicine uses ligand‐cell surface receptor affinities for nanoparticle targeting. However, due to toxicity concerns, the nature of the nanoparticle–biomembrane interaction needs exploration to realize ligand surface density and receptor–ligand interaction effects on subsequent uptake/other interaction outcomes. In this study, giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) were surface‐immobilized with a hCAII model receptor to study nanoparticle–complementary surface ligand interactions. We find interaction strength impacts morphological outcomes, namely, inter‐GUV adhesion, lysis, and GUV swallowing. Nanoparticle size, receptor/ligand surface densities, overall receptor/ligand concentrations and ratios affect the strength of adhesion, and thus the outcome. Interaction energy effects on GUV morphological outcomes offer fundamental insights into the design of abiological materials for interacting with biological materials.
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Urea Derivatives via Cu‐Catalyzed Reaction of Acylazide and Secondary Amine
Authors: Shinde Jivan , Bhimrao Patil Prakash , Kavala Veerababurao , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: July 2022

The synthesis of unsymmetrical urea generally requires toxic reagent, solvent and harsh reaction condition. Herein, we introduce Cu‐catalyzed greener and safer unsymmetrical urea derivatives synthesis in ethyl acetate. This method minimized utilization of toxic reagent. A variety of indole, amines, and azides with bis‐indole successfully employed leading to high yields and gram scale synthesis of isolated urea.
Interactions of Selected Monoterpenes with Iron and Copper Ions Based on Ferrozine and CUPRAC Methods – the Preliminary Studies
Authors: Wojtunik‐Kulesza Karolina A. , Wiśniewska Renata
Published: July 2022

Secondary plant metabolites are chemical compounds produced by plants through a variety of metabolic pathways. It is known that these compounds, among others, monoterpenes, are characterized by holding valuable pro‐health activities when consumed or applied. Taking into account the development of civilizational diseases, eating foods enriched with compounds such as the monoterpenes is highly recommended. Good sources of such health‐promoting food items include common fruits and vegetables, seed sources and plant parts used to enhance flavour such as spices. It is known that monoterpene compounds instigate or contribute to a variety of biological activities. It is known that the compounds can scavenge free radicals, reduce Fe(III) and inhibit AChE which are considered as possible anti‐neurodegenerative activities. The aim of the presented study was to determinate another activity of selected monoterpenes, namely towards reducing and chelating Cu(II) and Fe(II), respectively. The assays were based on colorimetric CUPRAC and ferrozine‐based methods. Study results explicitly indicated chelation and reduction activities of the selected monoterpenes. These properties considerably support the benefits of consuming plants rich in these compounds.
The Inner Hydration in Surfactant/Cholesterol Vesicles Differs from the Outer One: A Spectroscopic Investigation
Authors: Pyne Sumana , Pyne Partha , Kumar Mitra Rajib
Published: July 2022

Vesicles contain two aqueous regions: inner core and outer‐to‐bulk. It has remained an open question whether hydration behaviour in the inner core differs from the outer‐to‐bulk region, mostly owning to the inability of the conventional spectroscopic techniques to deconvolute the contribution from these two regions. We, using THz‐FTIR spectroscopy (1.5–13.5 THz) experimentally probe the inner hydration of three differently charged surfactant/cholesterol vesicles composed of SDS, CTAB and Brij 30. Both dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements affirm the transition from micelles to vesicles as cholesterol is added into surfactant solutions. FTIR measurements show that hydration behaviour changes significantly as micelles are converted into vesicles, the change been exclusively caused due to the formation of an inner core. Our measurements on the hydrogen bond stretch and librational motion of the inner hydration show distinct features compared to the overall hydration, which in turn is found to be surfactant type and cholesterol concentration dependent.
Self‐reported factors for improving patient's dental care: A pilot study
Authors: Kankaala Taina , Kaakinen Pirjo , Anttonen Vuokko
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Patient‐centered approach can offer valuable information in improving dental care, but literature is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate self‐reported factors beneficial for attendance in dental care.

Material and Methods

Survey data were collected during the summer of 2020 comprising both structured questionnaires and an open question on factors considered beneficial for dental attendance. Voluntary patients over 15 years of age (n = 196, 98%) agreed to fill the questionnaires, and n = 112 of them (57%) also gave open commentary in an urgent dental care clinic, City of Oulu, Finland, comprising the study population. Dental fear was assessed by Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) sum scores (min 5, max 25). All utterances (n = 181) on an open question were evaluated by inductive content analysis to create sub‐ and main categories. Covid‐19 pandemic case counts in Finland were low at the time of the survey, but their effect on seeking dental care was asked. The distribution of patients was evaluated by cross‐tabulation, considering their age, gender, and dental fear status; the significance level was p < .05.

Results

Females dominated slightly the study population (57%). The mean age of the respondents was 44 years. Half (50%) had moderate (MDAS score 10−18), and 10% had severe dental fear (≥19). The open responses could be categorized into four main categories. The largest main category by patient count concerned factors related to personnel (29%), followed by the patient (28%) and treatment (25%) related, and administrative factors (19%). Males chose factors falling into categories of administration and treatment while females chose patient and personnel‐related factors (p = .048). Compared to the rest, fearful persons (MDAS > 9) reported more often factors related to personnel and treatment (p = .03). Of all participants, 17% reported seeking less dental care during the pandemic.

Conclusions

Patients value dental personnel and treatment‐related factors, specifically those with fear.
The impact of environmental disclosure on initial public offering underpricing: Sustainable development in Singapore
Authors: Kang Eugene , Lam Nguyen Bao
Published: July 2022

This study applies signaling theory to examine the impact of environmental disclosures on equity underpricing at initial public offerings (IPO) when private firms list on stock exchanges. Firms often under‐price their shares to attract investors as IPOs have high information asymmetry between firms and investors. Using a linguistic technique on environmental disclosures in prospectuses from 2009 to 2019 in the Singapore Exchange, we find that disclosures with a positive tone correlate with lower underpricing, but only if these disclosures are authentic. This finding is robust to different model specifications and measurements. We provide new evidence that linguistic features, that is, tone and authenticity, interact to influence a key IPO outcome. The results suggest that investors are not easily attracted by positive disclosure tones but are also concerned with the authenticity of such disclosures. This finding informs firms and various stakeholders navigating the nascent and growing wave of sustainability reporting in Singapore.
How might we co‐design energy transition policy in old industrial regions?
Authors: Sillak Silver , Vasser Madis
Published: July 2022

There has been growing interest in collaborative approaches such as co‐creation and co‐design for strategic energy planning and energy policy design. However, existing analyses have conceptualized collaboration in rather vague terms, have focused primarily on the involvement of industrial actors and have been set in Western Europe. In this paper, we assess an inclusive energy transition policy co‐design experiment in Ida‐Virumaa, a region in Estonia historically dominated by the oil shale industry and with scarce experience of cross‐sector collaboration to date. The experiment had a twofold purpose: (1) to establish a network of people interested in renewable energy and energy efficiency in the region, (2) to develop and validate proposals for policies that could accelerate the energy transition. We found that expectation alignment, social learning, resource mobilization and developmental evaluation can be used to create synergy among participants and can lead to innovative policy proposals. However, collaboration increases the time needed for policy development, the existence of alternative venues can undermine the collaborative process, fluid roles can create confusion around implementation and there might not be many resources to build on in old industrial regions. We conclude that it is still relatively easy to co‐design energy policy or a strategic energy plan even in a setting that does not enjoy a well‐developed collaborative culture but it is much more challenging to co‐create a strong network of committed actors with clear roles in the implementation of policies and plans.
Modified reverse shock index predicts early outcomes of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Oh Gyu Chul , An Seokyung , Lee Hae‐Young , Cho Hyun‐Jai , Jeon Eun‐Seok , Lee Sang Eun , Kim Jae‐Joong , Kang Seok‐Min , Hwang Kyung‐Kuk , Cho Myeong‐Chan , Chae Shung Chull , Choi Dong‐Ju , Yoo Byung‐Su , Kim Kye Hun , Park Sue K. , Baek Sang Hong
Published: July 2022

Aims

Increased blood pressure (BP) and decreased heart rate (HR) are signs of stabilization in patients admitted for acute HF. Changes in BP and HR during admission and their correlation with outcomes were assessed in hospitalized patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods

A novel modified reverse shock index (mRSI), defined as the ratio between changes in systolic BP and HR during admission, was devised, and its prognostic value in the early outcomes of acute HF was assessed using the Korean Acute HF registry.

Results

Among 2697 patients with HFrEF (mean age 65.8 ± 14.9 years, 60.6% males), patients with mRSI ≥1.25 at discharge were significantly younger and were more likely to have de novo HF. An mRSI ≥1.25 was associated with a significantly lower incidence of 60‐day and 180‐day all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–0.77; HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45–0.85, respectively], compared with 1 ≤ mRSI < 1.25 (all P < 0.001). Conversely, an mRSI <0.75 was associated with a significantly higher incidence of 60‐day and 180‐day all‐cause mortality (adjusted HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.19–3.62; HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.53–3.27; all P < 0.001). The benefit associated with mRSI ≥1.25 was consistent in sub‐group analyses. The correlation of mRSI and outcomes were also consistent regardless of admission SBP, presence of atrial fibrillation, or use of beta blockers at discharge.

Conclusions

In patients hospitalized for HFrEF, the mRSI was a significant predictor of early outcomes. The mRSI could be used as a tool to assess patient status and guide physicians in treating patients with HFrEF.
Modified Julia Olefination on Pyrrolidinone: Application to the Total Synthesis of Indolizidine 209D
Authors: Raison Bastien , Dussart Nicolas , Gueyrard David
Published: July 2022

We report the olefination of Boc‐ protected pyrrolidinone through a modified Julia olefination. Boc‐protected exo‐enamides can then be easily converted into spirobicyclic structure or can be used as useful intermediate for the preparation of natural indolizidine 209D. This application demonstrates the synthetic potential of our methodology for the synthesis of bicyclic alkaloids.
Influence of viscoelectric effect on diffusioosmotic transport in nanochannel
Authors: Mehta Sumit Kumar , Mondal Pranab Kumar
Published: July 2022

We have investigated the role of viscoelectric effect on diffusioosmotic flow (DOF) through a nanochannel connected with two reservoirs. The transport equations governing the flow dynamics are solved numerically using the finite element technique. We have extensively analyzed the variation of induced field due to electric double layer (EDL) phenomenon, relative viscosity as modulated by the viscoelectric effect as well as reservoir's concentration difference, and their eventual impact on the underlying flow characteristics. It is revealed that the induced electric field in the EDL enhances fluid viscosity substantially near the charged wall at a higher concentration. We have shown that neglecting viscoelectric effect in the paradigm of diffusioosmotic transport overestimates the net throughput, particularly at a higher concentration difference. Furthermore, we show that pertaining to chemiosmosis dominated regime, the average flow velocity modifies with the increase in concentration difference up to a critical value. In comparison, the rise in the strength of resistive electroosmotic actuation by the accumulation of anions in the upstream reservoir reduces the average flow velocity at a higher concentration difference. We have reported a reduction in critical concentration with the increase in viscoelectric effect. The inferences of this analysis are deemed pertinent to reveal the bearing of viscoelectric effect as a flow control mechanism pertaining to DOF at nanoscale.
Synthesis of a Novel Ag/Co–B/CTAB Catalyst via Chemical Reaction at Room Temperature for Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane
Authors: Long Bo , Chen Jia , Zhao Ziyang , Ye Huilan , Wu Yiting , Zhou Weiming , Wang Liwei , Yuan Zhanhui
Published: July 2022

Co–B has outstanding catalytic activity in catalyzing the hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB) to produce hydrogen and has been widely studied and applied. However, the high surface energy and magnetic properties of Co–B catalysts make the particles easily agglomerate and have few active sites. Herein, a novel compound Ag/Co–B/CTAB with high catalytic activity is prepared by chemical reduction. The compound Ag/Co–B/CTAB is characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared, X‐Ray diffraction, X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, which show that Ag+ in the compound Ag/Co–B/CTAB is reduced entirely to Ag acting as an atomic barrier to improve dispersion of Co–B due to a large specific surface area (168.8153 m2 g−1). Moreover, the performance of Co–B doped with Ag in the hydrolysis of AB is studied and the compound Ag/Co–B/CTAB has a hydrogen generation rate of 17.685 L min−1·g−1 at 30 °C with a low activation energy of 13.33 kJ mol−1. The work on the Ag/Co–B/CTAB catalyst provides an essential insight into developing efficient hydrogen‐producing catalysts by regulating the electron transfer between metal and Co–B.
Selective neural coding of object, feature, and geometry spatial cues in humans
Authors: Ramanoël Stephen , Durteste Marion , Bizeul Alice , Ozier‐Lafontaine Anthony , Bécu Marcia , Sahel José‐Alain , Habas Christophe , Arleo Angelo
Published: July 2022

Orienting in space requires the processing of visual spatial cues. The dominant hypothesis about the brain structures mediating the coding of spatial cues stipulates the existence of a hippocampal‐dependent system for the representation of geometry and a striatal‐dependent system for the representation of landmarks. However, this dual‐system hypothesis is based on paradigms that presented spatial cues conveying either conflicting or ambiguous spatial information and that used the term landmark to refer to both discrete three‐dimensional objects and wall features. Here, we test the hypothesis of complex activation patterns in the hippocampus and the striatum during visual coding. We also postulate that object‐based and feature‐based navigation are not equivalent instances of landmark‐based navigation. We examined how the neural networks associated with geometry‐, object‐, and feature‐based spatial navigation compared with a control condition in a two‐choice behavioral paradigm using fMRI. We showed that the hippocampus was involved in all three types of cue‐based navigation, whereas the striatum was more strongly recruited in the presence of geometric cues than object or feature cues. We also found that unique, specific neural signatures were associated with each spatial cue. Object‐based navigation elicited a widespread pattern of activity in temporal and occipital regions relative to feature‐based navigation. These findings extend the current view of a dual, juxtaposed hippocampal–striatal system for visual spatial coding in humans. They also provide novel insights into the neural networks mediating object versus feature spatial coding, suggesting a need to distinguish these two types of landmarks in the context of human navigation.