bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust fractional order singular Kalman filter
Authors: Nosrati Komeil , Belikov Juri , Tepljakov Aleksei , Petlenkov Eduard
Published: September 2023

In this article, the state estimation problem of linear fractional order singular (FOS) systems subject to matrix uncertainties is investigated where a recursive robust algorithm is derived. Considering an uncertain discrete‐time linear FOS system with added process and measurement noises, we aim to design a robust Kalman‐type state estimation algorithm based on an optimal data fitting approach with a given sequence of observations. As a substitute for the stochastic formulation, this general filter is obtained by minimizing a completely deterministic regularized residual norm in its worst‐possible form at each step over admissible uncertainties. Analysis of the algorithm shows that not only does the proposed robust filter cover the traditional robust Kalman filters (KFs), but it also represents an extension of the nominal fractional singular KF (FSKF) when the system is not subject to uncertainties. Furthermore, besides giving a sufficient condition for the existence of the robust filter, we derive conditions for the asymptotic properties of the filter, where we demonstrate that the filter and the Riccati equation are stable and converge when an equivalent system is detectable and stabilizable. A numerical example is included to demonstrate the performance of the introduced filter.
Continuous appointed‐time prescribed performance attitude tracking control for rigid spacecraft with actuator faults on SO(3)
Authors: Huang Qin , Zhang Ying
Published: September 2023

In this article, the attitude tracking problem for rigid spacecraft subject to external disturbance, inertia uncertainties, and actuator faults is investigated. A novel continuous control strategy is proposed to guarantee that the attitude tracking errors converge with desired performance before an appointed time. In addition, the proposed control law can enable the closed‐loop system to be unwinding‐free. For the purpose, a modified appointed‐time performance function (APF) is used to construct a disturbance observer‐based adaptive attitude control law based on the special orthogonal group (SO(3)). With the aid of the modified APFs, desired performance metrics, including transient and steady‐state performance, on the attitude tracking error can be specified in advance without the requirement for initial values of the tracking system to avoid singularity. By resorting to error transformation and backstepping technique, the control design process is simplified and a few control gains are involved in the proposed control law. Rigorous stability analysis based on the Lyapunov theory is provided to prove the appointed‐time stability of the attitude tracking error as well as the boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop system despite external disturbance, inertia uncertainties, and actuator faults. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to support the analysis.
Addressing institutional challenges in sustainable development goals implementation: Lessons from the Republic of Korea
Authors: Park Kyung Ryul , Park Young Shil
Published: September 2023

Why has the global norm of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) been facing challenges in the process of national implementation, even in developed countries? We conceptualize the implementation of the SDGs as a complex institutional process where a globally agreed norm is internalized into a specific context. Building on institutional theories, we conducted an interpretive case study of the Korean SDGs (K‐SDGs), focusing particularly on governance structure and differing stakeholders' engagement. The findings suggest that the notion of “sustainable development” has historically evolved with time in Korea, which has shaped the current implementation of the SDGs. The challenges in the process are not only technical and functional, but also socio‐institutional. These challenges include institutional fragmentation within the government, the inherent ambiguity of the SDGs, conflicting values, and interpretations of “sustainable development” in the Korean context. To address such challenges, the active participation of various stakeholders and collaborative governance were found to be significant, which in turn provides lessons for other countries.
Topical Cryogel Application of Carboxymethylcellulose/Silane‐Modified Hyaluronic Acid Containing Trachyspermum copticum Nanoemulsions for the Treatment of Infected Wounds
Authors: Zeinalpour Sajjad , Tabatabaei Zohreh Ghazi , Farahpour Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2023

Infectious wounds commonly occur and must be rapidly treated with safe and efficient agents. Antibiotic‐resistant is a major challenge for the treatment of infected wounds. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the effects of the topical cryogel application of carboxymethylcellulose/silane‐modified hyaluronic acid (CMC/HY‐Silane) containing Trachyspermum copticum essential oil nanoemulsions (TSP NEs) for the treatment of infected wounds. Four related factors of 3‐glycidyloxypropyl‐trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), time, pH and temperature were selected and their effects were evaluated to monitor the porosity each factor with the help of Taguchi method. The maximum porosity of cryogels (39.20 %) was obtained at GPTMS=30 μL, pH=9, temperature of 25 °C and time of 30 min. CMC/HY‐Silane hydrogels containing 0.00 %, 2.00 % and 4.00 % TSP NEs were produced. Antibacterial and toxicity of the nanostructures and wound contraction, total bacterial count, histopathological parameters and the expressions of IL‐10, TGF‐β1 and NF‐κB were also assessed. The efficiency of cryogels was compared with antibiotics. In vivo and in vitro studies confirmed that the administration of cryogels containing TSPNEs accelerated the wound healing process by increasing the expressions of collagen, IL‐10 and TGF‐β, fibroblast, epithelization and decreasing edema and the expression of NF‐κB. The results also showed that cryogels could compete with synthetic ointment of mupirocin.
Bionic Structural Coloration of Textiles Using the Synthetically Prepared Liquid Photonic Crystals
Authors: Li Xinyang , Wang Xiaohui , Wang Yanan , Hu Mingan , Liu Guojin , Chai Liqin , Zhou Lan , Shao Jianzhong , Li Yichen
Published: September 2023

The structural coloration of textiles with bionic photonic crystals (PCs) is expected to become a critical approach to the ecological coloration of textiles. Rapid and large‐area preparation of PC structurally colored textiles can be achieved via self‐assembly of high mass fractions of liquid photonic crystals (LPCs). However, the rapid and large‐scale manufacturing of LPCs remains a challenge. In this work, the pH regulator is added in the process of emulsion polymerization to solve the problem of phase transformation caused by the thermal decomposition of the initiator to produce H+, directly achieving 40 wt.% PS nanospheres in the dispersion. Then oligomers and small‐molecule salts are removed from the system via dialysis, and the pre‐crystallized LPC system is efficiently prepared. Adjusting the particle size and the mass fraction of nanospheres is shown to be an efficient way to control the optical properties of LPCs. The rapid and large‐area preparation of PC structural color fabric and the patterned PC structural color fabric with an iridescent effect is implemented by using LPCs as the assembly intermediate. By constructing the encapsulation layer on the surface of the PC structural color fabric, the consistency of high structural stability and high color saturation of the PC is realized.
Nanosheet Particles with Defect‐Free Block Copolymer Structures Driven by Emulsions Containing Crystallizable Surfactants
Authors: Tan Zhengping , Lee Juyoung , Kim Jinwoo , Ku Kang Hee , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: September 2023

Highly anisotropic‐shaped particles with well‐ordered internal nanostructures have received significant attention due to their unique shape‐dependent photonic, rheological, and electronic properties and packing structures. In this work, nanosheet particles with cylindrical block copolymer (BCP) arrays are achieved by utilizing collapsed emulsions as a scaffold for BCP self‐assembly. Highly elongated structures with large surface areas are formed by employing crystallizable surfactants that significantly reduce the interfacial tension of BCP emulsions. Subsequently, the stabilized elongated emulsion structures lead to the formation of BCP nanosheets. Specifically, when polystyrene‐block‐polydimethylsiloxane (PS‐b‐PDMS) and 1‐octadecanol (C18‐OH) are co‐assembled within an emulsion, C18‐OH penetrates the surfactant layer at the emulsion interface, lowering the interfacial tension (i.e., below 1 mN m−1) and causing emulsion deformation. In addition, C18‐OH crystallization allows for kinetic arrest of the collapsed emulsion shape during solvent evaporation. Consequently, PS‐b‐PDMS BCPs self‐assemble into defect‐free structures within nanosheet particles, exhibiting an exceptionally high aspect ratio of over 50. The particle formation mechanism is further investigated by controlling the alkyl chain length of the fatty alcohol. Finally, the coating behavior of nanosheet particles is investigated, revealing that the deposition pattern on a substrate is strongly influenced by the particle's shape anisotropy, thus highlighting their potential for advanced coating applications.
Synthesis of Iron Sulfide Nanocrystals Encapsulated in Highly Porous Carbon‐Coated CNT Microsphere as Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Yeong Beom , Seo Hyo Yeong , Kim Kyeong‐Ho , Cho Jung Sang , Kang Yun Chan , Park Gi Dae
Published: September 2023

Highly porous carbon materials with a rationally designed pore structure can be utilized as reservoirs for metal or nonmetal components. The use of small‐sized metal or metal compound nanoparticles, completely encapsulated by carbon materials, has attracted significant attention as an effective approach to enhancing sodium ion storage properties. These materials have the ability to mitigate structural collapse caused by volume expansion during the charging process, enable short ion transport length, and prevent polysulfide elution. In this study, a concept of highly porous carbon‐coated carbon nanotube (CNT) porous microspheres, which serve as excellent reservoir materials is suggested and a porous microsphere is developed by encapsulating iron sulfide nanocrystals within the highly porous carbon‐coated CNTs using a sulfidation process. Furthermore, various sulfidation processes to determine the optimal method for achieving complete encapsulation are investigated by comparing the morphologies of diverse iron sulfide‐carbon composites. The fully encapsulated structure, combined with the porous carbon, provides ample space to accommodate the significant volume changes during cycling. As a result, the porous iron sulfide‐carbon‐CNT composite microspheres exhibited outstanding cycling stability (293 mA h g−1 over 600 cycles at 1 A g−1) and remarkable rate capability (100 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1).
Precise Tuning of Bilayer Ultrasmall MoS2 Featuring Inhibition of Carrier Recombination and Fast Surface Chemistry for Green H2 Evolution
Authors: Lin Qingzhuo , Luo Chonghan , Jin Dai , Zhou Ling , Zhang Rongbin , Wang Xuewen
Published: September 2023

Achieving water splitting to produce green H2, using the noble‐metal‐free MoS2, has attracted huge interest from researchers. However, tuning the number of MoS2 layers precisely while obtaining small lateral sizes to surge the H2‐evolution rate is a tremendous challenge. Here, a bottom‐up strategy is designed for the in situ growth of ultrasmall lateral‐sized MoS2 with tunable layers on CdS nanorods (CN) by controlling the decomposition temperature and concentration of substrate seed (NH4)2MoS4. Here, the bilayer MoS2 and CN coupling (2L–MoS2/CN) exhibits the optimum photocatalytic activity. Compared to thicker MoS2, the 2L–MoS2 has sufficient reduction capacity to drive photocatalytic H2 evolution and the ultrasmall lateral size provides more active sites. Meanwhile, the indirect bandgap, in contrast to the direct bandgap of the monolayer MoS2, suppresses the carrier recombination transferred to 2L–MoS2. Under the synergistic effect of both, 2L–MoS2/CN has fast surface chemical reactions, resulting in the photocatalytic H2‐evolution rate of up to 41.86 mmol g−1 h−1. A novel strategy is provided here for tuning the MoS2 layers to achieve efficient H2 evolution.
Decreasing the Carrier Concentration of ZrNiSn: An Opposite Way to the Best N‐Type Half‐Heusler Thermoelectrics
Authors: Dong Zirui , Wang Chenxin , Chen Jiajun , Li Zhili , Dai Shengnan , Yan Xin , Zhang Jiye , Yang Jiong , Zhai Qijie , Luo Jun
Published: September 2023

N‐type ZrNiSn‐based alloys reach a record thermoelectric figure of merit zT ≈1.2 by increasing the carrier concentration to 4–5 × 1020 cm−3. In this work, It is reported that a comparable zT can also be realized in trace Ru‐doped ZrNiSn‐based alloy at even lower temperature by decreasing the carrier concentration. Compared to the previously reported Co doping, the doping of Ru results in a more effective reduction in carrier concentration, and thus higher Seebeck coefficient, lower electronic thermal conductivity, and enhanced thermoelectric performance. The electronic specific heat coefficient of the ZrNi1‐xRuxSn sample remains constant with increasing Ru content, indicating no obvious change in the density of states effective mass. Theoretical calculations show that the doping of Ru has negligible effect on the bottom of conduction band. The lattice thermal conductivity is further reduced by alloying Ti and Hf at the Zr site, and the bipolar diffusion is suppressed by doping of 0.5 at.% Sb. As a result, Ti0.25Zr0.5Hf0.25Ni0.99Ru0.01Sn0.995Sb0.005 reaches not only a zT value of 1.1 at 773 K but also a record average zT value of 0.8 in 300 to 873 K, demonstrating the effectiveness of trace Ru doping on boosting the thermoelectric performance of ZrNiSn‐based alloys.
Multi‐stakeholder structured dialogues: Five generations of evolution of dialogic design
Authors: Laouris Yiannis , Dye Kevin
Published: September 2023

The paper reviews the evolution of Interactive Management, later referred to as Structured Democratic Dialogue, starting from the early 1970s up to this date. The authors propose a generational classification scheme consisting of five periods based primarily on whether some or all stages of the process were implemented synchronously or asynchronously and whether the participants' presence was physical, virtual or hybrid. Other aspects such as modifications in the steps of the process; the evolution of the software; domains of applications; file management; methods of collecting or recording contributions, votes, clarifications and preparation of reports; and key players are also considered and reported within the context of the primary scheme. The paper considers key advances achieved at each generational stage in terms of process or software, discusses associated challenges and concludes with a view towards the future of the emerging fifth generation.
Why TESOL Textbooks Are the Way they Are: The Constraints of Writing for a Global Audience
Authors: Yıldız Abdullah , Harwood Nigel
Published: September 2023

Materials development in TESOL has been gaining popularity as a field of study for the last few decades. TESOL materials research as an area of inquiry includes studies focusing on textbook content (e.g., grammar, cultural representation, and authenticity), consumption (use/adaptation of materials by learners and teachers), and production (design and publication) of materials (Harwood, 2014a,b). Materials production is the most neglected of these three areas of research, although it is considered vital to understand how materials are produced and shaped into textbooks that are used in almost every classroom around the world (Harwood, 2010, 2014b; Tomlinson & Masuhara, 2017:145). The present research draws upon interviews with six authors working for different international publishing houses who spoke about the various constraints associated with authoring global textbooks, which are sold around the world. The authors described constraints associated with publishers' preference for international rather than regional or local materials, tight deadlines, publisher‐led rather than author‐led models of production, the constraining influence of teacher and market representative feedback on draft materials, and constraints associated with taboo topics debarred from the materials. These formidable constraints reduce the role of authors in decision‐making, hindering attempts to create more carefully crafted products, and we suggest that textbook publishers need to reconsider their production processes as part of a drive to enhance the quality of the global textbook.
Who Is Doing Science? Using Science Texts to Open Spaces that Expand the Voices and Perspectives in Elementary Classrooms
Authors: O'Brien Lisa M. , Ford‐Connors Evelyn , Gatling Anne , Boyle Elizabeth , Copelas Kristina , Langenfeld Margaret
Published: September 2023

Science texts tend to privilege the voices, perspectives, and practices of White males (e.g., Ford, 2006), reinforcing widely‐held perceptions of scientists as White men. This narrow portrayal of who “does science” discourages BIPOC or female students from building a science identity (Archer et al., 2015), with many such students also viewing science as difficult or undesirable (Brickhouse et al., 2000). We argue that intentional positioning of science text written by or about BIPOC or female figures in science and literacy instruction not only helps all students develop science and literacy skills and knowledge, but leads to more expansive views of who “does science” and fosters students’ science identities. Our purpose in this article is to help teachers identify and incorporate expansive informational texts and position these texts within sound science and literacy instruction. We draw from the Next Generation Science Standards to describe ways to develop students’ science identities and then provide teachers guidance for selecting and intentionally positioning expansive science texts in their instruction, with examples of text sets that teachers can use in their classrooms.
Reframing Schools: What Has Been Learned and Remains in the Post-COVID-19 Period in Portugal
Authors: Costa Estela , Baptista Mónica
Published: September 2023

This study aims to analyze the policy measures adopted by the Portuguese government after the pandemic and examine teachers’ perspectives on school responses regarding these policy measures. A qualitative and interpretative methodology was used based on an analysis of official and public documents from the Ministry of Education. Interviews were also conducted with 12 teachers from various Portuguese schools. The results show that the policy measures implemented during the first period of confinement continued and were extended into the second period. To respond to the pandemic, various resources were offered to help solve teaching problems, as well as digital training for teachers. Following the pandemic, the strategy was to create a single instrument to bring together a set of initiatives developed during the pandemic. Results showed that these initiatives were positively received by the schools, according to teachers. Furthermore, the COVID-19 crisis inevitably forced schools to try to do things differently. The role of public authorities was essential because of their organizing power with schools. These public authorities adjusted and tailored their determinations and recommendations and selected the solutions they considered best responded to their internal needs. Likewise, schools created local innovations by adapting or creating new solutions.
Quantum master equation for the vacuum decay dynamics
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Jin
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The quantum master equation required to describe the dynamics of gravity-related vacuum decay is still challenging. We aim to study this issue. Our model consists of the spacetime and scalar field with self-interaction potential. The environment is chosen as spacetime while the system is formed by the vacua of the scalar field. We demonstrate that the quantum dynamics of the vacua can be described by the Redfield equation, which can depict the evolution of both coherence and the comoving volume fraction of the vacuum. Under the Markovian limit, coherence monotonically decreases with time, leading to the initial quantum state to decohere into a classical state. This helps the understanding of the decoherence of the universe. We also highlight that in certain circumstances, the evolution of the vacuum system may display non-Markovian dynamics. In specific scenarios, the classical limit of the quantum master equation is consistent with the classical master equation. In the steady state, the dominant vacuum corresponds to the smallest cosmological constant, and various dS vacua can reach equilibrium states.
Explaining the $$ {B}_{d,s}\to {K}^{\left(\ast \right)}{\overline{K}}^{\left(\ast \right)} $$ non-leptonic puzzle and charged-current B-anomalies via scalar leptoquarks
Authors: Lizana Javier M. , Matias Joaquim , Stefanek Ben A.
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We present a model based on S1 scalar leptoquarks to solve the tension observed in the recently proposed non-leptonic optimized observables $$ {L}_{K^{\ast }{\overline{K}}^{\ast }} $$

L

K
∗

K
¯

∗

and $$ {L}_{K\overline{K}} $$

L

K

K
¯

. These observables are constructed as ratios of U-spin related decays based on $$ {B}_{d,s}^0\to {K}^{\left(\ast \right)0}{\overline{K}}^{\left(\ast \right)0} $$

B

d
,
s

0

→

K

∗

0

K
¯

∗

0

. The model gives a one-loop contribution to the Wilson coefficient of the chromomagnetic dipole operator needed to explain the tension in both non-leptonic observables, while naturally avoiding large contributions to the corresponding electromagnetic dipoles. The necessary chiral enhancement comes from an O(1) Yukawa coupling with a TeV-scale right-handed neutrino running in the loop. We endow the model with a U(2) flavor symmetry, necessary to protect light-family flavor observables that otherwise would be in tension. Furthermore, we show that the same S1 scalar leptoquark is capable of simultaneously explaining the hints of lepton flavor universality violation observed in charged-current B-decays. The model therefore provides a potential link between two puzzles in B-physics and TeV-scale neutrino mass generation. Finally, the combined explanation of the B-physics puzzles unavoidably results in an enhancement of $$ \mathcal{B}\left(B\to K\nu \overline{\nu}\right) $$
B

B
→
Kν

ν
¯

, yielding a value close to present bounds.
A constructive solution to the cosmological bootstrap
Authors: Bissi Agnese , Sarkar Sourav
Published: September 2023

Abstract

In this paper we revisit a generalised crossing equation that follows from harmonic analysis on the conformal group, and is of particular interest for the cosmological bootstrap programme. We present an exact solution to this equation, for dimensions two or higher, in terms of 6j symbols of the Euclidean conformal group, and discuss its relevance. In the process we provide a detailed derivation of the analogue of the Biedenharn-Elliot identity for said 6j symbols.
Inflation correlators at the one-loop order: nonanalyticity, factorization, cutting rule, and OPE
Authors: Qin Zhehan , Xianyu Zhong-Zhi
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Inflation correlators with one-loop massive exchange encode rich information about the dynamics of the massive loop particles. Their nonanalytic behavior in certain soft limits leads to characteristic oscillatory pattern, which is the leading signal of many particle models of cosmological collider physics. In this work, we investigate systematically such nonanalyticity for arbitrary one-particle-irreducible (1PI) one-loop correlators in various soft limits. With the partial Mellin-Barnes representation, we present and prove a factorization theorem and a cutting rule for arbitrary 1PI one-loop inflation correlators, which is reminiscent of the on-shell cutting rule for flat-space scattering amplitudes. We also show how to understand this factorization theorem from the viewpoint of operator product expansion on the future boundary. As an application of the one-loop factorization theorem, we derive new analytic and exact formulae for nonlocal cosmological collider signals for massive one-loop four-point inflation correlators of all possible 1PI topologies, including the bubble, the triangle, and the box graphs. Finally, we show how to push the computation of nonlocal signals to higher orders in the momentum ratio.
q deformed formulation of Hamiltonian SU(3) Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Hayata Tomoya , Hidaka Yoshimasa
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We study SU(3) Yang-Mills theory in (2 + 1) dimensions based on networks of Wilson lines. With the help of the q deformation, networks respect the (discretized) SU(3) gauge symmetry as a quantum group, i.e., SU(3)k, and may enable implementations of SU(3) Yang-Mills theory in quantum and classical algorithms by referring to those of the stringnet model. As a demonstration, we perform a mean-field computation of the groundstate of SU(3)k Yang-Mills theory, which is in good agreement with the conventional Monte Carlo simulation by taking sufficiently large k. The variational ansatz of the mean-field computation can be represented by the tensor networks called infinite projected entangled pair states. The success of the mean-field computation indicates that the essential features of Yang-Mills theory are well described by tensor networks, so that they may be useful in numerical simulations of Yang-Mills theory.
Hierarchical high-point Energy Flow Network for jet tagging
Authors: Shen Wei , Wang Daohan , Yang Jin Min
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Jet substructure observable basis is a systematic and powerful tool for analyzing the internal energy distribution of constituent particles within a jet. In this work, we propose a novel method to insert neural networks into jet substructure basis as a simple yet efficient interpretable IRC-safe deep learning framework to discover discriminative jet observables. The Energy Flow Polynomial (EFP) could be computed with a certain summation order, resulting in a reorganized form which exhibits hierarchical IRC-safety. Thus inserting non-linear functions after the separate summation could significantly extend the scope of IRC-safe jet substructure observables, where neural networks can come into play as an important role. Based on the structure of the simplest class of EFPs which corresponds to path graphs, we propose the Hierarchical Energy Flow Networks and the Local Hierarchical Energy Flow Networks. These two architectures exhibit remarkable discrimination performance on the top tagging dataset and quark-gluon dataset compared to other benchmark algorithms even only utilizing the kinematic information of constituent particles.
A Moment Map for Twisted-Hamiltonian Vector Fields on Locally Conformally Kähler Manifolds
Authors: Angella Daniele , Calamai Simone , Pediconi Francesco , Spotti Cristiano
Published: September 2023

We extend the classical Donaldson-Fujiki interpretation of the scalar curvature as moment map in Kähler geometry to the wider framework of locally conformally Kähler geometry.
Gesundheit von Menschen mit ausgewählten Staatsangehörigkeiten in Deutschland: Prävalenzen nichtübertragbarer Erkrankungen und damit assoziierte soziale sowie migrationsbezogene Faktoren
Authors: Bartig Susanne , Bug Marleen , Koschollek Carmen , Kajikhina Katja , Blume Miriam , Siegert Manuel , Heidemann Christin , Walther Lena , Neuhauser Hannelore , Hövener Claudia
Published: September 2023

Hintergrund

Gesundheitliche Chancen und Risiken werden durch eine Vielzahl von Faktoren beeinflusst. Der Beitrag zielt darauf ab, die Gesundheit von Menschen mit ausgewählten Staatsangehörigkeiten anhand nichtübertragbarer Erkrankungen (chronische Krankheit oder lang andauerndes gesundheitliches Problem allgemein, koronare Herzkrankheit, Diabetes mellitus, Depression) zu beschreiben und assoziierte Faktoren zu identifizieren.

Methoden

Die Analysen basieren auf Daten der multimodalen, mehrsprachigen Befragungsstudie „Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell: Fokus“ (GEDA Fokus), die unter 18- bis 79-Jährigen mit italienischer, kroatischer, polnischer, syrischer oder türkischer Staatsangehörigkeit deutschlandweit durchgeführt wurde (11/2021–05/2022). Um Zusammenhänge zwischen den nichtübertragbaren Erkrankungen und sozialen sowie migrationsbezogenen Merkmalen zu untersuchen, wurden Prevalence Ratios und 95 %-Konfidenzintervalle mittels Poisson-Regressionen berechnet.

Ergebnisse

Insbesondere ein geringes Zugehörigkeitsgefühl zur Gesellschaft in Deutschland sowie selbstberichtete Diskriminierungserfahrungen im Alltag sind mit höheren Prävalenzen einer chronischen Erkrankung oder eines lang andauernden gesundheitlichen Problems und – gemäß selbstberichteten ärztlichen Diagnosen – mit einer Depression sowie zum Teil mit einer koronaren Herzerkrankung und einem Diabetes assoziiert.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten unter Menschen mit ausgewählten Staatsangehörigkeiten, die – vor dem Hintergrund der Bedeutung des subjektiven Zugehörigkeitsgefühls zur Gesellschaft in Deutschland und der selbstberichteten Diskriminierungserfahrungen für die betrachteten nichtübertragbaren Erkrankungen – möglicherweise auf eingeschränkte Teilhabechancen und gesellschaftliche Ausschlussmechanismen hindeuten.
Postoperative Hypoalbuminemia as a Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury After Open Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Yoon Hei Jin , Kim Tae‐Hoon , Ko Da Eun , Song Jong‐Wook , Min Narhyun , Ham Sung Yeon
Published: September 2023

Background

Perioperative hypoalbuminemia has a prognostic effect on mortality and morbidity in various cohorts. Patients undergoing open repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA) are at a high risk of hypoalbuminemia due to bleeding and underlying diseases. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the predictive value of immediate postoperative hypoalbuminemia for the risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing open rAAA repair.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 143 patients who underwent open rAAA repair between January 2008 and May 2022. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of postoperative AKI. The perioperative serum albumin levels of the two groups were compared. The patients were further divided into two groups based on the median immediate postoperative albumin level (2.4 g/dL). The incidence of AKI was compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the predictors of postoperative AKI. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were used to evaluate potential of AKI and albumin level as prognostic factors for mortality.

Results

Immediate postoperative serum albumin was significantly lower in the AKI group than in the non‐AKI group (2.11 ± 0.62 g/dL vs. 2.59 ± 0.62 g/dL, p < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative AKI was significantly higher in patients with albumin ≤ 2.4 g/dL than in patients with albumin > 2.4 g/dL (53.8% vs. 27.7%, p = 0.002). Immediate postoperative albumin level was an independent predictor of AKI (Odds ratio [OR], 0.310; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.165–0.583, p < 0.001) and 1‐year mortality (OR, 0.230; 95% CI 0.098–0.542, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Immediate postoperative hypoalbuminemia was associated with postoperative AKI and mortality in patients with rAAA.
Laser generation of CeAlO3 nanocrystals with perovskite structure
Authors: Vasylkovskyi Volodymyr , Bespalova Iryna , Gryshkov Oleksandr , Slipchenko Mykola , Tkachenko Serhii , Arhipov Pavlo , Gerasymov Iaroslav , Zholudov Yuriy , Zhao Zhijun , Feldhoff Armin , Sorokin Aleksander , Slipchenko Olena , Grynyov Borys , Chichkov Boris
Published: September 2023

For the first time to the best of our knowledge, CeAlO3 nanocrystals with perovskite structure are synthesized by pulsed laser ablation technique. The morphological and optical properties of the obtained CeAlO3 nanocrystals are investigated. This work opens new prospects for the application of laser ablation methods for the generation of perovskite nanocrystals and development of novel nanocomposite structures, which can be applied for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells, scintillation detectors, catalysts, etc.
HadISDH.extremes Part I: A Gridded Wet Bulb Temperature Extremes Index Product for Climate Monitoring
Authors: Willett Kate M.
Published: September 2023

HadISDH.extremes is an annually updated global gridded monthly monitoring product of wet and dry bulb temperature-based extremes indices, from January 1973 to December 2022. Data quality, including spatial and temporal stability, is a key focus. The hourly data are quality controlled. Homogeneity is assessed on monthly means and used to score each gridbox according to its homogeneity rather than to apply adjustments. This enables user-specific screening for temporal stability and avoids errors from inferring adjustments from monthly means for the daily maximum values. For general use, a score (HQ Flag) of 0 to 6 is recommended. A range of indices are presented, aligning with existing standardised indices. Uniquely, provision of both wet and dry bulb indices allows exploration of heat event character — whether it is a “humid and hot”, “dry and hot” or “humid and warm” event. It is designed for analysis of long-term trends in regional features. HadISDH.extremes can be used to study local events, but given the greater vulnerability to errors of maximum compared to mean values, cross-validation with independent information is advised.
Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma: evolution in the management
Authors: Massimi Luca , Palombi Davide , Musarra Alessandra , Bianchi Federico , Frassanito Paolo , Tamburrini Gianpiero , Di Rocco Concezio
Published: September 2023

Background

In spite of the continuous progresses in pediatric neurosurgery, adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (AC) remains a challenging tumor due to its proximity to optic pathways, pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and Willis’ circle, which can result in significant endocrine, cognitive, and neurological morbidity after treatment with subsequent impact on the patient’s quality of life (QoL). The relevance that QoL has today explains the changes in the management of AC observed over the time. The goal of the present article is to provide a historical background, to show the milestones in the changes of the AC treatment, and to analyze the current main options to manage such a challenging tumor.

Material and methods

The pertinent literature has been reviewed. Moreover, a comparison between the past and recent personal series is reported.

Results

Three main eras have been identified. The first (named Cushing era) was characterized by the need to realize a harmless surgery and to define the best way to approach AC; the second (microscope era) was characterized by a tremendous technical and technological development, with remarkable results in term of safe tumor resection and control but relatively poor QoL outcomes; and the third one (current period) is characterized by an increasing integration between surgery and adjuvant treatments, with relatively minor tumor control but significant improvement of QoL (comparable overall survival). The authors’ experience reflects these changes. Two groups of children were compared: 52 cases (mean follow-up: 17.5 years) belong to the historical series (group 1, 1985–2003, aggressive surgical management) and 41 (mean follow-up: 8.5 years) to the current one (Group 2, 2004–2021, integrated management). No significant differences between the two groups were detected about recurrence rate, surgical mortality, and overall survival. However, Group 2 showed significant lower rates of postoperative panhypopituitarism, obesity, and visual deterioration.

Conclusions

Radical surgery allows for a good AC control with a low rate of recurrence but high risk of permanent morbidity. Despite the greater number of recurrences and surgeries, the more conservative policy, based on a combination of treatments, seems to provide the same tumor control with a better QoL. The advances in trans-nasal and trans-ventricular endoscopy, in proton therapy and in the management of the AC cyst are the main factors that allowed such an improvement.
Substitution analyses of foods with varying fat quality and the associations with all-cause mortality and impact of the FADS-1 genotype in elderly men
Authors: Fridén Michael , Olsson Erika , Lind Lars , Rosqvist Fredrik , Risérus Ulf
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To investigate associations between substitutions of foods varying in fat quality and all-cause mortality in elderly Swedish men and to examine effect measure modification by a gene involved in fatty acid desaturation (rs174550 FADS1).

Methods

Using Cox-regression models in the ULSAM cohort (n = 1133 men aged 71), we aimed to investigate; (1) Associations between the substitution of a nutrient or food for another on all-cause mortality (primary outcome) and CVD (secondary outcome) and (2) Associations between the addition of various fat-rich foods to the habitual diet and all-cause mortality and CVD. Subgroup analyses based on the rs174550 FADS1 genotype were conducted.

Results

Over a mean follow-up of 11.6–13.7 years, n = 774 died and n = 494 developed CVD, respectively. No clear associations were observed for the vast majority of substitution nor addition models. Adding saturated fatty acids (SFA) on top of the habitual diet was however associated with an increased risk of mortality in men with the CT/CC-genotype [HR (95% CI) 1.44 (1.05, 1.97)]. Post-hoc analyses showed an inverse association of substituting SFA with carbohydrates [HR (95% CI) 0.79 (0.65, 0.97)], which was somewhat stronger in men with the CT/CC-genotype compared to men carrying the TT-genotype.

Conclusions

Few associations were observed between diet and all-cause mortality and CVD in this population. However, substituting SFA with carbohydrates was associated with lower mortality in post-hoc analyses and adding SFA to the habitual diet increased mortality in men with the CT/CC-genotype. The latter observation is novel and warrants further investigation in larger cohort studies including women.
The association of SOD and HsCRP with the efficacy of sulforaphane in schizophrenia patients with residual negative symptoms
Authors: Zeng Jianfei , Zhang Weizhi , Lu Xiaobing , Zhou Hui , Huang Jing , Xu Zhenyu , Liao Hairong , Liang Jiaquan , Liang Meihong , Ye Chan , Sun Ting , Hu Yutong , She Qi , Chen Haixia , Guo Qian , Yan LiuJiao , Wu Renrong , Li Zezhi
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Emerging evidence indicates a connection between oxidative stress, immune-inflammatory processes, and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In addition to possessing potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, sulforaphane (SFN) has shown promise in enhancing cognitive function among individuals with schizophrenia. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of combined treatment with SFN in patients with schizophrenia who experience negative symptoms and its effect on the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the inflammatory marker, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP).

Design

Forty-five patients with schizophrenia were recruited, who mainly experienced negative symptoms during a stable period. In addition to the original treatments, the patients received SFN tablets at a daily dose of 90 mg for 24 weeks. At baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks, the participants were interviewed and evaluated. The reduction rate of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess each participant. The side effects scale of Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) was applied to assess the adverse reactions. Additionally, the levels of the SOD, HsCRP, and other indicators were examined.

Results

The study findings revealed a significant decrease in PANSS negative subscale scores (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in SOD activity and HsCRP levels (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05). Notably, the group of participants who exhibited a reduction in PANSS negative subscale scores demonstrated a significant improvement in HsCRP levels (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that SFN may potentially serve as a safe adjunctive intervention to improve the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The potential mechanism by which SFN improves negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients may involve its anti-inflammatory properties, specifically its ability to reduce HsCRP levels.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrial.gov (ID: NCT03451734).
Prominent and conspicuous astrocyte atrophy in human sporadic and familial Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Rodríguez J. J. , Zallo F. , Gardenal E. , Cabot Joan , Busquets X.
Published: September 2023

Pathophysiology of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (SAD) and familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) remains poorly known, including the exact role of neuroglia and specifically astroglia, in part because studies of astrocytes in human Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain samples are scarce. As far as we know, this is the first study of a 3-D immunohistochemical and microstructural analysis of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)- and glutamine synthetase (GS)-positive astrocytes performed in the entorhinal cortex (EC) of human SAD and FAD samples. In this study, we report prominent atrophic changes in GFAP and GS astrocytes in the EC of both SAD and FAD characterised by a decrease in area and volume when compared with non-demented control samples (ND). Furthermore, we did not find neither astrocytic loss nor astrocyte proliferation or hypertrophy (gliosis). In contrast with the astrogliosis classically accepted hypothesis, our results show a highly marked astrocyte atrophy that could have a major relevance in AD pathological processes being fundamental and key for AD mnesic and cognitive alterations equivalent in both SAD and FAD.
Respiratory syncytial virus: can we still believe that after pandemic bronchiolitis is not a critical issue for public health?
Authors: Vittucci Anna Chiara , Antilici Livia , Russo Cristina , Musolino Anna Maria Caterina , Cristaldi Sebastian , Cutrera Renato , Persia Sabrina , Di Maio Chiara Velia , Raponi Massimiliano , Perno Carlo Federico , Villani Alberto
Published: September 2023

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection among infants and young children, resulting in annual epidemics worldwide. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmacological interventions were applied, interfering with the circulation of most respiratory viruses, including RSV. The aim of this study is to analyze the RSV infection trend among hospitalized infants during the actual epidemic season (2022–2023) in comparison with the last pre-pandemic season (2018–2019), in order to outline whether significant differences emerge due to COVID-19 pandemia. We retrospectively reviewed medical data on infants hospitalized at the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital with diagnosis of bronchiolitis in the current epidemic season and in the last pre-pandemic season, 2018–2019. RSV remains the main etiological agent of bronchiolitis in terms of frequency and severity of infections in the ongoing epidemic season. The first RSV case of the 2022–2023 season was detected at week 42 vs week 47 in the 2018–2019 season. The length of epidemic season was of 17 weeks in 2022–2023 vs 18 weeks in 2018–2019. Comparing the two seasons, age at admission was significantly higher in the current season (median age 2022–2023 65 days vs median age 2018–2019 58 days), but the disease severity was similar.

       Conclusions: The 2022–2023 bronchiolitis season in Italy started earlier than the usual pre-pandemic seasons but seasonality pattern may be going back to the pre-pandemic one. This season was not more severe than the previous ones. The impact of RSV disease on health care systems and costs remains a critical issue.

What is Known:• RSV is one of the major leading causes of hospitalization among children aged less than 3 months. SarsCOV2 pandemic interfered with the seasonal circulation of most respiratory viruses, Including RSV.

What is New:• The 2022–2023 bronchiolitis season in Italy started and peaked earlier than the usual pre-pandemic seasons but seasonality pattern may be realigning to the pre-pandemic one. The impact of RSV disease on health care systems and costs is concerning.
Evaluation of hernia surgical meshes sterilised with ethylene oxide for adoption under UK regulations
Authors: Grillo Alessandra , Hyder Zargham , Mudera Vivek , Kureshi Alvena
Published: September 2023

Background

Low-cost meshes (LCM) have been successfully used in low-income countries (LIC) over the past decades, demonstrating comparable surgical outcomes to commercial meshes at a fraction of the cost. However, LIC sterilisation standards (autoclave sterilisation at 121 °C) do not meet UK regulations for medical devices, which require either ethylene oxide (EO) sterilisation or steam sterilisation at 134 °C. Therefore, the aim of this study was to sterilise UK LCM and characterise their mechanical properties and in vitro biocompatibility to verify whether EO sterilisation causes changes in the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of LCM.

Methods

EO sterilised LCM were used. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed to measure mechanical properties. Biocompatibility was measured through viability and morphology of Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDFs) cultured in mesh-conditioned media, and by calculating the metabolic activity and proliferation of HDFs attached on the meshes, with alamarBlue assay.

Results

Break stress of LCM1 was significantly higher than LCM2 (p < 0.0001), while Young’s modulus of LCM1 was significantly lower than LCM2 (p < 0.05) and there was no significant difference in break strain. Viability and morphology showed no significant difference between LCM and control. Attachment and proliferation of HDFs on LCM showed a better proliferation on LCM2 than LCM1, with values similar to the control at the final time point.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that EO sterilisation affects LCM mechanical properties, but they still have values closer to the native tissues than the commercially available ones. We also showed that in vitro biocompatibility of LCM2 is not affected by EO sterilisation, as HDFs attached and proliferated on the mesh, while EO affected attachment on LCM1. A more detailed cost analysis of the potential savings for healthcare systems around the world needs to be performed to strengthen the cost-effectiveness of this frugal innovation.