bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resting Energy Expenditure in Older Inpatients: A Comparison of Prediction Equations and Measurements
Authors: Kawase Fumiya , Masaki Yoshiyuki , Ozawa Hiroko , Imanaka Manami , Sugiyama Aoi , Wada Hironari , Goto Ryokichi , Kobayashi Shinya , Tsukahara Takayoshi
Published: December 2022

Determining energy requirements are an important component of nutritional support for patients with malnutrition; however, the validity of prediction equations for resting energy expenditure (REE) is disputed in older hospitalized patients. We aimed to assess the validity of these equations in older hospitalized patients in Japan. This was a single-center, cross-sectional study of 100 patients aged ≥70 years, hospitalized between January 2020 and December 2021. REE was measured using an indirect calorimeter and was compared to the predicted values calculated from five REE prediction equations. The mean (95% confidence interval) measured REE was 968.1 (931.0, 1005.3) kcal/day, and the mean predicted REE was higher for the FAO/WHO/UNU (1014.3 [987.1, 1041.6] kcal/day, p = 0.164) and Schofield (1066.0 [1045.8, 1086.2] kcal/day, p < 0.001) equations and lower for the Harris-Benedict (898.6 [873.1, 924.1] kcal/day, p = 0.011), Ganpule (830.1 [790.3, 869.9] kcal/day, p < 0.001), and body weight (kg) × 20 (857.7 [821.9, 893.5] kcal/day, p < 0.001) equations. In the age group analysis, none of the predicted values were within a 10% error for more than 80% of patients aged 70–89 years and ≥90 years. The five REE prediction equations did not provide accurate estimates. Validated REE prediction equations need to be developed for older hospitalized patients.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DSM20174 Attenuates the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating Gut Microbiota, Improving Metabolic Risk Factors, and Attenuating Adipose Inflammation
Authors: Riezu-Boj José I. , Barajas Miguel , Pérez-Sánchez Tania , Pajares María J. , Araña Miriam , Milagro Fermín I. , Urtasun Raquel
Published: December 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease, reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Targeting the gut–adipose tissue–liver axis by modulating the gut microbiota can be a promising therapeutic approach in NAFLD. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, a potent lactic-acid-producing bacterium, has been shown to attenuate NAFLD. However, to our knowledge, the possible effect of the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain DSM20174 (L.p. DSM20174) on the gut–adipose tissue axis, diminishing inflammatory mediators as fuel for NAFLD progression, is still unknown. Using a NAFLD mouse model fed a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHF) diet for 10 weeks, we show that L.p DSM20174 supplementation of HFHF mice prevented weight gain, improved glucose and lipid homeostasis, and reduced white adipose inflammation and NAFLD progression. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the faecal microbiota suggested that treatment of HFHF-fed mice with L.p DSM20174 changed the diversity and altered specific bacterial taxa at the levels of family, genus, and species in the gut microbiota. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of L.p DSM20174 in preventing fatty liver progression may be related to modulations in the composition and potential function of gut microbiota associated with lower metabolic risk factors and a reduced M1-like/M2-like ratio of macrophages and proinflammatory cytokine expression in white adipose tissue and liver.
White Meat Consumption and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Review of Recent Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Damigou Evangelia , Kosti Rena I. , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B.
Published: December 2022

Although the association between meat consumption and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been extensively investigated, studies focusing specifically on the relationship between white meat consumption and CVD risk factors are fewer with controversial findings. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between white meat consumption and the incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed articles was conducted from 2010 to 2022 (1 November), according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Thirteen prospective cohort studies were selected studying mainly poultry, with the exception of one study that also analyzed rabbit meat. From the seven studies on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, four studies found no association, two studies found positive associations, and two studies found inverse associations when comparing poultry to other meats. Of the two studies on the risk of hypertension, one observed no association and one a positive association. Of the two studies on weight management, one observed a positive association with weight gain, the other study observed the same relationship only for chicken with skin, while for chicken without skin a positive relationship with relative weight loss was found. As for metabolic syndrome and its components, two studies revealed inverse associations with white meat intake. Only fresh lean white meat consumption seems to have potential beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. Future research should scrutinize consumption habits related to white meat intake when investigating its association with cardiometabolic risk factors.
Efficient Synthesis of a 2-Decyl-tetradecyl Substituted 7-Bromophenothiazine-3-carbaldehyde Building Block for Functional Dyes
Authors: Börüsah Burak Kürsat , Müller Thomas J. J.
Published: December 2022

(1) Polyfunctional molecules are versatile building blocks for efficient syntheses of novel phenothiazine-based materials with promising electronic properties. A prerequisite is a facile, high yielding access to these building blocks that bear solubilizing moieties and functional groups for orthogonal transformation. (2) Here, an efficient, improved two-step protocol for accessing a solubilizing 2-decyl-tetradecyl functionalized phenothiazine, i.e., an N-alkylated 7-bromophenothiazine-3-carbaldehyde, by Vilsmeier–Haack formylation and NBS (N-bromo succinimide) bromination is reported. (3) The sequence proceeds with higher yields and in shorter reaction times than the standard access employing bromination with elementary bromine. In addition, the work-up procedure essentially uses absorptive filtration on a plug of silica with the eluent.
Severe Quadriceps Heterotopic Ossification after Knee Revision Arthroplasty in a 42-Year-Old Suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report
Authors: Massaro Michele , Mela Federico , Esposito Roberto , Maiorano Emanuele , Laskow Guy
Published: December 2022

Background: Heterotopic Ossification (HO) of the knee is most commonly formed anteriorly to the distal femoral shaft in the quadriceps expansion. Although the incidence of severe HO with large dimensions affecting the knee and resulting in severe consequences is extremely rare, these cases are extremely difficult to prevent and have severe clinical limitations for the patient. Aim: The purpose of this study was to present and explore HO formation after Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). Conclusions: It is crucial to perform a stratification of patients for the risk of HO formation after TKA and to gain a better understanding of the fundamental role of post-operative treatments. In severe HO, surgery should be considered following appropriate investigations and should only be considered when the HO has fully matured. In comparison to Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA), HO formation after TKA is less frequent and underexplored. Therefore, further studies are required. This case report can represent a protocol for the treatment of clinically relevant HO in the knee after TKA.
Isolation and Characterization of Chi-like Salmonella Bacteriophages Infecting Two Salmonella enterica Serovars, Typhimurium and Enteritidis
Authors: Teklemariam Addisu D. , Alharbi Mona G. , Al-Hindi Rashad R. , Alotibi Ibrahim , Aljaddawi Abdullah A. , Azhari Sheren A. , Esmael Ahmed
Published: December 2022

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis are well-known pathogens that cause foodborne diseases in humans. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella serovars has caused serious public health problems worldwide. In this study, two lysogenic phages, STP11 and SEP13, were isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Jeddah, KSA. Transmission electron microscopic images revealed that both phages are new members of the genus “Chivirus” within the family Siphoviridae. Both STP11 and SEP13 had a lysis time of 90 min with burst sizes of 176 and 170 PFU/cell, respectively. The two phages were thermostable (0 °C ≤ temperature < 70 °C) and pH tolerant at 3 ≤ pH < 11. STP11 showed lytic activity for approximately 42.8% (n = 6), while SEP13 showed against 35.7% (n = 5) of the tested bacterial strains. STP11 and STP13 have linear dsDNA genomes consisting of 58,890 bp and 58,893 bp nucleotide sequences with G + C contents of 57% and 56.5%, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the genomes of phages STP11 and SEP13 contained 70 and 71 ORFs, respectively. No gene encoding tRNA was detected in their genome. Of the 70 putative ORFs of phage STP11, 27 (38.6%) were assigned to functional genes and 43 (61.4%) were annotated as hypothetical proteins. Similarly, 29 (40.8%) of the 71 putative ORFs of phage SEP13 were annotated as functional genes, whereas the remaining 42 (59.2%) were assigned as nonfunctional proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome sequence demonstrated that the isolated phages are closely related to Chi-like Salmonella viruses.
Tuberculosis Infection in Pregnant People: Current Practices and Research Priorities
Authors: Mathad Jyoti S. , Yadav Sharan , Vaidyanathan Arthi , Gupta Amita , LaCourse Sylvia M.
Published: December 2022

Women are significantly more likely to develop tuberculosis (TB) disease within the first 90 days after pregnancy than any other time in their lives. Whether pregnancy increases risk of progression from TB infection (TBI) to TB disease is unknown and is an active area of investigation. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of TB and TBI in pregnancy, TBI diagnostics, and prevalence in pregnancy. We also review TBI treatment and highlight research priorities, such as short-course TB prevention regimens, drug-resistant TB prevention, and additional considerations for safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics that are unique to pregnant and postpartum people.
Commensal Rodents: Still a Current Threat
Authors: Ebani Valentina Virginia
Published: December 2022

Commensal rodents live in human habitats where they can find essential elements, including food, water, shelter, and space [...]
Immunoprotective Analysis of the NFA49590 Protein from Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152 Demonstrates Its Potential as a Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Han Lichao , Ji Xingzhao , Yang Caixin , Zhao Shuo , Fan Shihong , Zhao Lijun , Qiu Xiaotong , Yao Jiang , Liu Xueping , Li Fang , Li Zhenjun
Published: December 2022

Nocardia is emerging as a serious and easily neglected pathogen in clinical practice with multidrug resistance that extends the treatment period for months or even years. This has led to the investigation of a vaccine approach to prevent Nocardia infections. However, studies on the protective proteins of Nocardia have not yet been carried out. In the present work, over 500 proteins in the supernatant of N. farcinica IFM10152 were identified by LC–MS/MS. In silico analysis of these proteins with a high content (score > 2000) predicted that NFA49590 was one of the conserved proteins in N. farcinica strains with potential antigenicity. After the rNFA49590 protein was cloned and expressed in E. coli (DE3) and purified using a Ni-NTA column, its good antigenicity was confirmed with sera from mice immunized with different Nocardia species by Western blot. Then we confirmed its ability to activate innate immunity by examining the phosphorylation status of ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and p65 and the cytokine levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10. Finally, we evaluated its immunoprotective effect in BALB/c mice, and we found that mice immunized with rNFA49590 protein exhibited high antibody titers, enhanced bacterial clearance ability, and generated robust protective effects from the N. farcinica challenge. These results offer strong support for the use of NFA49590 protein as a vaccine candidate and open the possibilities for the exploration of a large array of immunoprotective proteins.
2-Arylpropionic Acid Pyrazolamides as Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Inverse Agonists Endowed with Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Authors: de Oliveira Daniela R. , Maia Rodolfo C. , de Carvalho França Patrícia R. , Fernandes Patrícia D. , Barbosa Gisele , Lima Lídia M. , Fraga Carlos A. Manssour
Published: December 2022

Among the most recent proposals regarding the mechanism of action of dipyrone, the modulation of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 appears to be a promising hypothesis. In this context, the present work describes a series of five novel pyrazolamides (7–11) designed as molecular hybrids of dipyrone metabolites and NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and flurbiprofen. Target compounds were obtained in good overall yields (50–80%) by classical amide coupling between 4-aminoantipyrine and arylacetic or arylpropionic acids, followed in some cases by N-methylation of the amide group. The compounds presented good physicochemical properties in addition to stability to chemical (pH 2 and 7.4) and enzymatic (plasma esterases) hydrolysis and showed medium to high gastrointestinal and BBB permeabilities in the PAMPA assay. When subjected to functional testing on CB1- or CB2-transfected cells, compounds demonstrated an inverse agonist profile on CB2 receptors and the further characterization of compound LASSBio-2265 (11) revealed moderate binding affinity to CB2 receptor (Ki = 16 µM) with an EC50 = 0.36 µM (Emax = 63%). LASSBio-2265 (11) (at 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg p.o.) was investigated in the formalin test in mice and a remarkable analgesic activity in the late inflammatory phase was observed, suggesting it could be promising for the treatment of pain syndromes associated with chronic inflammatory diseases.
Effect of Hydrogel Containing Achyrocline satureioides (Asteraceae) Extract–Loaded Nanoemulsions on Wound Healing Activity
Authors: Balestrin Lucélia Albarello , Back Patrícia Inês , Marques Magno da Silva , Araújo Gabriela de Moraes Soares , Carrasco Mariana Corrêa Falkembach , Batista Matheus Monteiro , Silveira Tony , Rodrigues Jamile Lima , Fachel Flávia Nathiely Silveira , Koester Leticia Scherer , Bassani Valquiria Linck , Horn Ana Paula , Dora Cristiana Lima , Teixeira Helder Ferreira
Published: December 2022

Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC extract–loaded nanoemulsions have demonstrated potential for wound healing, with promising effects on keratinocyte proliferation. We carried out the first in vivo investigation of the wound healing activity of a hydrogel containing A. satureioides extract–loaded nanoemulsions. We prepared hydrogels by adding the gelling agent (Carbopol® Ultrez) to extract-loaded nanoemulsions (~250 nm in diameter) obtained by spontaneous emulsification. The final flavonoid content in formulation was close to 1 mg/mL, as estimated by ultra-fast liquid chromatography. Permeation/retention studies using porcine ear skin showed that flavonoids reached deeper layers of pig ear skin when it was damaged (up to 3.2 µg/cm² in the dermis), but did not reach the Franz-type diffusion cell receptor fluid. For healing activity, we performed a dorsal wound model using Wistar rats, evaluating the lesion size, anti-inflammatory markers, oxidative damage, and histology. We found that extract-loaded formulations promoted wound healing by increasing angiogenesis by ~20%, reducing inflammation (tumor necrosis factor α) by ~35%, decreasing lipid damage, and improving the re-epithelialization process in lesions. In addition, there was an increase in the number of blood vessels and hair follicles for wounds treated with the formulation compared with the controls. Our findings indicate that the proposed formulation could be promising in the search for better quality healing and tissue reconstruction.
Rutin Nanocrystals with Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Activity: Preparation and Ex Vivo/In Vivo Evaluation in an Inflammatory Rat Model
Authors: Hassan Abeer S. , Soliman Ghareb M.
Published: December 2022

Rutin is a polyphenolic flavonoid with an interestingly wide therapeutic spectrum. However, its clinical benefits are limited by its poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, rutin nanocrystals were prepared using various stabilizers including nonionic surfactants and nonionic polymers. The nanocrystals were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, morphology, colloidal stability, rutin photostability, dissolution rate, and saturation solubility. The selected nanocrystal formulation was dispersed in a hydrogel base and the drug release kinetics and permeability through mouse skin were characterized. Rutin’s anti-inflammatory efficacy was studied in a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. The nanocrystals had a size in the range of around 270–500 nm and a polydispersity index of around 0.3–0.5. Nanocrystals stabilized by hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) had the smallest particle size, highest drug entrapment efficiency, best colloidal stability, and highest drug photostability. Nanocrystals had around a 102- to 202-fold and 2.3- to 6.7-fold increase in the drug aqueous solubility and dissolution rate, respectively, depending on the type of stabilizer. HP-β-CD nanocrystals hydrogel had a significantly higher percent of drug released and permeated through the mouse skin compared with the free drug hydrogel. The cumulative drug amount permeated through the skin was 2.5-fold higher than that of the free drug hydrogel. In vivo studies showed that HP-β-CD-stabilized rutin nanocrystals hydrogel had significantly higher edema inhibition compared with the free drug hydrogel and commercial diclofenac sodium gel. These results highlight the potential of HP-β-CD-stabilized nanocrystals as a promising approach to enhance drug solubility, dissolution rate, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Solvent Free Twin Screw Processed Silybin Nanophytophospholipid: In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Insights
Authors: Fernandes Gasper , Pusuluri Sai Lalitha Alekhya , Nikam Ajinkya Nitin , Birangal Sumit , Shenoy Gautham G. , Mutalik Srinivas
Published: December 2022

Silybin (SIL) is a polyphenolic phytoconstituent that is commonly used to treat liver disorders. It is difficult to fabricate an orally delivered SIL product due to its low oral bioavailability (0.95%). Therefore, the current research focusses on the development of a novel composition of a phospholipid complex, termed as nanophytophospholipid, of SIL by employing a unique, solvent-free Twin Screw Process (TSP), with the goal of augmenting the solubility and bioavailability of SIL. The optimised SIL-nanophytophospholipid (H6-SNP) was subjected to physicochemical interactions by spectrometry, thermal, X-ray and electron microscopy. The mechanism of drug and phospholipid interaction was confirmed by molecular docking and dynamics studies. Saturation solubility, in vitro dissolution, ex vivo permeation and preclinical pharmacokinetic studies were also conducted. H6-SNP showed good complexation efficiency, with a high practical yield (80%). The low particle size (334.7 ± 3.0 nm) and positively charged zeta potential (30.21 ± 0.3 mV) indicated the immediate dispersive nature of H6-SNP into nanometric dimensions, with good physical stability. Further high solubility and high drug release from the H6-SNP was also observed. The superiority of the H6-SNP was demonstrated in the ex vivo and preclinical pharmacokinetic studies, displaying enhanced apparent permeability (2.45-fold) and enhanced bioavailability (1.28-fold). Overall, these findings indicate that not only can phospholipid complexes be formed using solvent-free TSP, but also that nanophytophospholipids can be formed by using a specific quantity of lipid, drug, surfactant, superdisintegrant and diluent. This amalgamation of technology and unique composition can improve the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble and permeable phytoconstituents or drugs.
Model-Informed Precision Dosing (MIPD)
Authors: Pérez-Blanco Jonás Samuel , Lanao José M.
Published: December 2022

Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) is an advanced quantitative approach focusing on individualized dosage optimization, integrating complex mathematical and statistical models of drugs and disease combined with individual demographic and clinical patient characteristics [...]
Laser-Assisted Drug Delivery: A Systematic Review of Safety and Adverse Events
Authors: Ng William Hao Syuen , Smith Saxon D.
Published: December 2022

Laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) is an increasingly studied and applied methodology for drug delivery. It has been used in a wide variety of clinical applications. Given the relatively low barrier to entry for clinicians as well as ongoing research in this area, the authors aimed to review outcomes relating to safety in laser-assisted drug delivery. A systematic review was conducted, with the databases PubMed, Medline and Embase searched in September 2022. Included articles were those that mentioned laser-assisted drug delivery in human subjects that also reported adverse effects or safety outcomes. There were no language-based exclusions. Conference abstracts and literature reviews were excluded. The results were then tabulated and categorized according to the application of LADD. In total, 501 articles were obtained. Following deduplication, screening, and full text review 70 articles of various study designs were included. Common findings were erythema, oedema, pain, and crusting following LADD. Several notably more severe adverse effects such as generalized urticaria, infection, scarring and dyspigmentation were noted. However, these events were varied depending on the clinical use of LADD. Relevant negatives were also noted whereby no studies reported life-threatening adverse effects. Limitations included limited details regarding the adverse effects within the full texts, lack of follow-up, and risk of bias. In conclusion, there were multiple adverse effects that clinicians should consider prior to carrying out LADD, where treatment goals and patient tolerability should be considered. Further evidence is needed to quantitatively determine these risks.
Coupling Performance Enhancement of GaSb-Based Single-Transverse-Mode Lasers with Reduced Beam Divergence Obtained via near Field Modulation
Authors: Wang Tianfang , Yang Chengao , Chen Yihang , Yu Hongguang , Shi Jianmei , Su Xiangbin , Zhang Yu , Xu Yingqiang , Ni Haiqiao , Niu Zhichuan
Published: December 2022

Symmetric narrow waveguide structure has been developed and fabricated to achieve low beam divergence and improved coupling performance of the 1.95 μm GaSb-based single-transverse-mode diode lasers. The near-field expansion effect of the narrowed 150 nm vertical waveguide design leads to a reduced fast-axis beam divergence of 44.2° full width at half maximum (FWHM) as well as 62% single-mode fiber (SMF) coupling efficiency, which has 55% relative promotion compared to the 40% efficiency of the conventional 270 nm waveguide design with 60.4° FWHM. The highest SMF coupling power of 113 mW was obtained by the 210 nm narrow waveguide lasers with lower internal optical loss at a 55% coupling efficiency, which performed balanced optimal performance with a narrowed divergence of 53.4° and a relatively high optical power of 206 mW. The high coupling efficiency and power will provide more promising prospects for the GaSb-based single-transverse-mode lasers in the widespread fiber-based and external-cavity applications.
A Fast Generative Adversarial Network for High-Fidelity Optical Coherence Tomography Image Synthesis
Authors: Ge Nan , Liu Yixi , Xu Xiang , Zhang Xuedian , Jiang Minshan
Published: December 2022

(1) Background: We present a fast generative adversarial network (GAN) for generating high-fidelity optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. (2) Methods: We propose a novel Fourier-FastGAN (FOF-GAN) to produce OCT images. To improve the image quality of the synthetic images, a new discriminator with a Fourier attention block (FAB) and a new generator with fast Fourier transform (FFT) processes were redesigned. (3) Results: We synthesized normal, diabetic macular edema (DME), and drusen images from the Kermany dataset. When training with 2800 images with 50,000 epochs, our model used only 5 h on a single RTX 2080Ti GPU. Our synthetic images are realistic to recognize the retinal layers and pathological features. The synthetic images were evaluated by a VGG16 classifier and the Fréchet inception distance (FID). The reliability of our model was also demonstrated in the few-shot learning with only 100 pictures. (4) Conclusions: Using a small computing budget and limited training data, our model exhibited good performance for generating OCT images with a 512 × 512 resolution in a few hours. Fast retinal OCT image synthesis is an aid for data augmentation medical applications of deep learning.
Line Field Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Lawman Samuel , Zhang Zijian , Shen Yao-Chun , Zheng Yalin
Published: December 2022

The line field (LF) design choice for the lateral image formation mechanism (lateral format) has historically been a fraction of the whole optical coherence tomography (OCT) field. However, as the OCT technology develops, the parallelised acquisition of LF-OCT formats (LF-time domain (TD)-OCT, LF-spectral domain (SD)-OCT, LF-swept source (SS)-OCT) offers benefits and capabilities, which may mean it is now becoming more mainstream. Prior reviews on OCT have focused on scanning point (SP) and, to a lesser extent, full field (FF), lateral formats, with, to our knowledge, no prior review specifically on the LF lateral format. Here, we address this gap in the literature by reviewing the history of each LF-OCT format, identifying the applications it has had and providing generic system design overviews. We then provide an analysis and discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of the format.
Cytotoxic Activities and Fingerprint Analysis of Triterpenes by HPTLC Technique for Distinguishing Ganoderma Species from Vietnam and other Asian Countries
Authors: Viet Hung Tran , Thang Phan Nguyen Truong , Hien Ha Minh , Diep Vu Thi , Thu Nguyen Thi , Tan Duong Minh , Pham Duy Toan , Thi Ha Do , Huynh Duyen Thi My
Published: December 2022

Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) P. Karst. (Ganodermataceae), commonly called Linhzhi, is traditionally employed in the treatment of human diseases, including hepatitis, liver disorders, hypercholesterolemia, arthritis, bronchitis, and tumorigenic diseases. In this study, the fingerprint profiles of five different strains of G. lucidum originated from Japan, Korea, China, and Vietnam, five samples of G. lucidum growing on Erythrophloeum fordii Oliv. in Vietnam, and five related Linhzhi species (Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma australe, Ganoderma clossum, Ganoderma subresinosu, and Ganoderma sp.) were investigated for triterpene derivatives using high-pressure, thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The HPTLC fingerprint profiles demonstrated significant differences between G. lucidum and other related Linhzhi species in the presence of triterpene derivatives. Evaluation for the cytotoxicity of these samples against four cancer cell lines, including A549, MCF7, PC3, and HepG2, displayed various levels of cytotoxic effects, with IC50 values of: 15.6–46.3 µg/mL on the A549 cancer cell line, of 18.4–43.6 µg/mL on the MCF7 cancer cell line, of 10.0–32.1 µg/mL on the PC3 cancer cell line, and of 10.6–27.6 µg/mL on the HepG2 cancer cell line. Conclusively, these data contributed to the literature on the cytotoxic activities and fingerprint analysis of triterpenes by the HPTLC technique for distinguishing Ganoderma species from Vietnam and other Asian countries.
Waste from Artichoke Processing Industry: Reuse in Bread-Making and Evaluation of the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of the Final Product
Authors: Canale Michele , Spina Alfio , Summo Carmine , Strano Maria Concetta , Bizzini Michele , Allegra Maria , Sanfilippo Rosalia , Amenta Margherita , Pasqualone Antonella
Published: December 2022

A relevant amount of waste is produced in the canning industry of globe artichoke. This study proposes to use flours of artichoke waste (stems and bracts) in durum wheat bread-making, replacing the re-milled durum wheat semolina at increasing levels (5, 7.5 and 10 g/100 g). No study had evaluated this type of enrichment in durum wheat bread, widespread in the same area where artichoke waste is mostly produced. The replacement had a visible effect on the flour color, increasing a* and reducing b* and L*, and this was reflected in the color of bread crumb. The water absorption determined by farinography, dough development time and dough stability increased as the level of replacement increased (up to 71.2 g/100 g, 7.3 min and 18.4 min, respectively). The mixograph peak height and mixing time increased compared to control. The alveograph W decreased, while the P/L ratio increased. The artichoke waste-enriched breads had a lower volume (as low as 1.37 cm3/g) and were harder than control, but they did not show relevant moisture losses during five days of storage. The obtained data show therefore an interesting potential of artichoke waste flours in bread-making, but further investigations are needed for achieving improved quality features.
Valorization of Quercus suber L. Bark as a Source of Phytochemicals with Antimicrobial Activity against Apple Tree Diseases
Authors: Sánchez-Hernández Eva , González-García Vicente , Casanova-Gascón José , Barriuso-Vargas Juan J. , Balduque-Gil Joaquín , Lorenzo-Vidal Belén , Martín-Gil Jesús , Martín-Ramos Pablo
Published: December 2022

Cork, an anatomic adaptation of the bark of Quercus suber L. through its suberization process, finds its main application in the production of bottle stoppers. Its processing results in a large waste stream of cork fragments, granulates, and dust, which may be susceptible to valorization. The work presented here explored the use of its extracts to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic microorganisms associated with apple tree diseases. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of cork aqueous ammonia extract was assayed against four fungi, viz. Monilinia fructigena and M. laxa (brown rot), Neofussicoccum parvum (dieback), and Phytophthora cactorum (collar and root rot), and two bacteria, viz. Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, either alone or in combination with chitosan oligomers (COS). Effective concentration values of EC90 in the 675–3450 μg·mL−1 range, depending on the fungal pathogen, were obtained in growth inhibition tests, which were substantially improved for the conjugate complexes (340–801 μg·mL−1) as a result of strong synergism with COS. Similar enhanced behavior was also observed in antibacterial activity assays, with MIC values of 375 and 750 μg·mL−1 for the conjugate complexes against P. syringae pv. syringae and E. amylovora, respectively. This in vitro inhibitory activity was substantially higher than those exhibited by azoxystrobin and fosetyl-Al, which were tested for comparison purposes, and stood out among those reported for other natural compounds in the literature. The observed antimicrobial activity may be mainly attributed to the presence of glycerin and vanillic acid, identified by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. In the first step towards in-field application, the COS–Q. suber bark extract conjugate complex was further tested ex situ against P. cactorum on artificially inoculated excised stems of the ‘Garnem’ almond rootstock, achieving high protection at a dose of 3750 μg·mL−1. These results suggest that cork industrial leftovers may, thus, be a promising source of bioactive compounds for integrated pest management.
Extracellular Heat Shock Protein 27 Is Released by Plasma-Treated Ovarian Cancer Cells and Affects THP-1 Monocyte Activity
Authors: Singer Debora , Wulff Can Pascal , Stope Matthias B. , Bekeschus Sander
Published: December 2022

Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is a cytoprotective molecule and is inducible via oxidative stress. Anti-cancer therapies, such as the recently investigated gas plasma, subject tumor cells to a plethora of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In ovarian tumor microenvironments (TME), immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages can be found in large numbers and are often associated with cancer progression. Therefore, we quantified extracellular Hsp27 of OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3 cells after gas plasma exposure in vitro. We found Hsp27 to be significantly increased. Following this, we investigated the effects of Hsp27 on THP-1 monocytes. Live cell imaging of Hsp27-treated THP-1 cells showed decelerated cell numbers and a reduction in cell cluster sizes. In addition, reduced metabolic activity and proliferation were identified using flow cytometry. Mitochondrial ROS production decreased. Using multicolor flow cytometry, the expression profile of eight out of twelve investigated cell surface markers was significantly modulated in Hsp27-treated THP-1 cells. A significantly decreased release of IL18 accommodated this. Taken together, our results suggest an immunomodulatory effect of Hsp27 on THP-1 monocytes. These data call for further investigations on Hsp27’s impact on the interplay of ovarian cancer cells and monocytes/macrophages under oxidative stress conditions.
Polyacrylonitrile-Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Composite Gel-Polymer Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Tleukenov Yer-Targyn , Kalimuldina Gulnur , Arinova Anar , Issatayev Nurbolat , Bakenov Zhumabay , Nurpeissova Arailym
Published: December 2022

The three-dimensional (3D) structure of batteries nowadays obtains a lot of attention because it provides the electrodes a vast surface area to accommodate and employ more active material, resulting in a notable increase in areal capacity. However, the integration of polymer electrolytes to complicated three-dimensional structures without defects is appealing. This paper presents the creation of a flawless conformal coating for a distinctive 3D-structured NiO/Ni anode using a simple thermal oxidation technique and a polymer electrolyte consisting of three layers of PAN-(PAN-PVA)-PVA with the addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles as nanofillers. Such a composition with a unique combination of polymers demonstrated superior electrode performance. PAN in the polymer matrix provides mechanical stability and corrosion resistance, while PVA contributes to excellent ionic conductivity. As a result, NiO/Ni@PAN-(PAN-PVA)-PVA with 0.5 wt% Al2O3 NPs configuration demonstrated enhanced cycling stability and superior electrochemical performance, reaching 546 mAh g−1 at a 0.1 C rate.
Phase Diagrams of Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly Are Largely Determined by Polymer Recombination
Authors: Petrov Artem , Chertovich Alexander V. , Gavrilov Alexey A.
Published: December 2022

In the current work, atom transfer radical polymerization-induced self-assembly (ATRP PISA) phase diagrams were obtained by the means of dissipative particle dynamics simulations. A fast algorithm for determining the equilibrium morphology of block copolymer aggregates was developed. Our goal was to assess how the chemical nature of ATRP affects the self-assembly of diblock copolymers in the course of PISA. We discovered that the chain growth termination via recombination played a key role in determining the ATRP PISA phase diagrams. In particular, ATRP with turned off recombination yielded a PISA phase diagram very similar to that obtained for a simple ideal living polymerization process. However, an increase in the recombination probability led to a significant change of the phase diagram: the transition between cylindrical micelles and vesicles was strongly shifted, and a dependence of the aggregate morphology on the concentration was observed. We speculate that this effect occurred due to the simultaneous action of two factors: the triblock copolymer architecture of the terminated chains and the dispersity of the solvophobic blocks. We showed that these two factors affected the phase diagram weakly if they acted separately; however, their combination, which naturally occurs during ATRP, affected the ATRP PISA phase diagram strongly. We suggest that the recombination reaction is a key factor leading to the complexity of experimental PISA phase diagrams.
Curing of DER-331 Epoxy Resin with Arylaminocyclotriphosphazenes Based on o-, m-, and p-methylanilines
Authors: Rybyan Artem A. , Bilichenko Julia V. , Kireev Vyacheslav V. , Kolenchenko Alexander A. , Chistyakov Evgeniy M.
Published: December 2022

As a result of this research, it was established that the chlorine atom replacement rates in hexa-chlorocyclotriphosphazene by o-, m-, and p-methylanilines’ temperatures are crucial in determining which reaction is made. The speed of reaction practically does not affect the polarity of the synthesis solvent. For the formation of fully substituted o-, m-, and p-arilaminocyclotriphosphazenes, the reaction takes 5 h and is carried out in the diglyme at its boiling temperature. The structure of the synthesized AAP was confirmed by 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. By means of synchronous DSK and TGA, it is found that the synthesized AAP are crystalline and their thermal destruction has a stepped character. Thermal destruction is shown to be accompanied by the simultaneous removal of three aniline molecules from the AAP molecules. Conducted curing of epoxy resin DER-331 is carried out using the AAP as a curing agent. It has been established that due to steric difficulties, o- AAP does not interact with epoxy resin, unlike m- and p- AAP. The gel fraction in curing resin is measured, and the AAP relate to the stage processes of macromolecule formation. The result is that polymers based on DER-331 and m-, p-AAP have a gel fraction content up to 97 mass. %. These polymers have glass-transition temperatures 80 and 85 °C (m- and p-AAP-based, respectively) and demonstrate fire resistance to standard UL-94 of category V-0.
Versatile Polypropylene Composite Containing Post-Printing Waste
Authors: Moraczewski Krzysztof , Karasiewicz Tomasz , Suwała Alicja , Bolewski Bartosz , Szabliński Krzysztof , Zaborowska Magdalena
Published: December 2022

The paper presents the results of the research on the possibility of using waste after the printing process as a filler for polymeric materials. Remains of the label backing were used, consisting mainly of cellulose with glue and polymer label residue. The properly prepared filler (washed, dried, pressed and cut) was added to the polypropylene in a volume ratio of 2:1; 1:1; 1:2; and 1:3 which corresponded to approximately 10, 5, 2.5 and 2 wt % filler. The selected processing properties (mass flow rate), mechanical properties (tensile strength, impact strength, dynamic mechanical analysis) and thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry) were determined. The use of even the largest amount of filler did not cause disqualifying changes in the determined properties. The characteristics of the obtained materials allow them to be used in various applications while reducing costs due to the high content of cheap filler.
An Approximate Method for Predicting the Friction Factor of Viscoplastic Shear-Thinning Fluids in Non-Circular Channels of Regular Cross-Sections
Authors: Ayas Mehmet , Skočilas Jan , Štípek Jan , Gutiérrez Carlos Arce , Žitný Rudolf , Jirout Tomáš
Published: December 2022

The objective of this study is to provide a straightforward generalized simple and quick method for the prediction of the friction factor for fully developed laminar flow of viscoplastic shear-thinning fluids in non-circular channels of regular cross-sections. The most frequently represented substances processed under these conditions are polymers in the processing and plastics industry. A generalized approximate method was proposed to express the relationship between the friction factor and the Reynolds number for the Herschel–Bulkley rheological model. This method uses the generalized Reynolds number for power-law fluids. Moreover, an additional simplified method for rapid engineering calculations was obtained as well. The suggested method was verified by comparing experimental data for concentric annulus found in the literature and results from simulations for concentric annulus, rectangular, square duct with a central cylindrical core and elliptical cross-sections. The results showed that the suggested methods enable us to estimate the friction factor with high accuracy for the investigated geometries.
Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Morphology Using Hydrogel Substrates with Tunable Topography and Photoswitchable Stiffness
Authors: Moxon Samuel R. , Richards David , Dobre Oana , Wong Lu Shin , Swift Joe , Richardson Stephen M.
Published: December 2022

Cell function can be directly influenced by the mechanical and structural properties of the extracellular environment. In particular, cell morphology and phenotype can be regulated via the modulation of both the stiffness and surface topography of cell culture substrates. Previous studies have highlighted the ability to design cell culture substrates to optimise cell function. Many such examples, however, employ photo-crosslinkable polymers with a terminal stiffness or surface profile. This study presents a system of polyacrylamide hydrogels, where the surface topography can be tailored and the matrix stiffness can be altered in situ with photoirradiation. The process allows for the temporal regulation of the extracellular environment. Specifically, the surface topography can be tailored via reticulation parameters to include creased features with control over the periodicity, length and branching. The matrix stiffness can also be dynamically tuned via exposure to an appropriate dosage and wavelength of light, thus, allowing for the temporal regulation of the extracellular environment. When cultured on the surface of the hydrogels, the morphology and alignment of immortalised human mesenchymal stem cells can be directly influenced through the tailoring of surface creases, while cell size can be altered via changes in matrix stiffness. This system offers a new platform to study cellular mechanosensing and the influence of extracellular cues on cell phenotype and function.
Separating Information on Transparent Polypropylene Labels on Packaging with Dual Properties for the Visible Spectrum and Instrumental Infrared Observation
Authors: Jurečić Denis , Žiljak Gršić Jana , Bratić Diana , Plehati Silvio
Published: December 2022

Transparent linear NIR digital graphics with the intention of security information were printed on a polypropylene material. A label for expensive juices in transparent glass or plastic packaging is demonstrated. Obligatory information about the contents of the liquid was made to be read with the naked eye. The “Z” (near-infrared) information is expanded with data integrated for joint digital printing. This data does not disrupt the original, planned visual appearance of the label, “V” (visible). Although the two graphics are in the same place, the IR graphics on the label cannot be discerned with the naked eye. This brings elements of secrecy and protection against attempts to counterfeit the contents of the transparent packaging. The separation and recognition of the two pieces of information, V and Z, are achieved with a security camera in the near-infrared mode or with one of the many NIR detectors that surround us. In the article, the “VZ” algorithm for the integration of two independent graphics and the limitations set by digital printing are published. Toner properties and the method for developing the recipes for the composition of twin colorants for two spectral ranges are presented using spectroscopy.
Electrical Stimuli-Responsive Decomposition of Layer-by-Layer Films Composed of Polycations and TEMPO-Modified Poly(acrylic acid)
Authors: Yoshida Kentaro , Kamijo Toshio , Ono Tetsuya , Dairaku Takenori , Takahashi Shigehiro , Kashiwagi Yoshitomo , Sato Katsuhiko
Published: December 2022

We previously reported that layer-by-layer (LbL) film prepared by a combination of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl N-oxyl (TEMPO)-modified polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were decomposed by application of an electric potential. However, there have been no reports yet for other polycationic species. In this study, LbL films were prepared by combining various polycationics (PEI, poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer) and TEMPO-PAA, and the decomposition of the thin films was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and constant potential using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (eQCM). When a potential was applied to an electrode coated on an LbL thin film of polycations and TEMPO-PAA, an oxidation potential peak (Epa) was obtained around +0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl in CV measurements. EQCM measurements showed the decomposition of the LbL films at voltages near the Epa of the TEMPO residues. Decomposition rate was 82% for the (PEI/TEMPO-PAA)5 film, 52% for the (PAH/TEMPO-PAA)5 film, and 49% for the (PDDA/TEMPO-PAA)5 film. It is considered that the oxoammonium ion has a positive charge, and the LbL films were decomposed due to electrostatic repulsion with the polycations (PEI, PAH, and PDDA). These LbL films may lead to applications in drug release by electrical stimulation. On the other hand, the CV of the (PAMAM/TEMPO-PAA)5 film did not decompose. It is possible that the decomposition of the thin film is not promoted, probably because the amount of TEMPO-PAA absorbed is small.
The Mechanism of Casing Deformation before Hydraulic Fracturing and Mitigation Measures in Shale Gas Horizontal Wells
Authors: Mou Yisheng , Cui Jian , Wu Jianjun , Wei Fengqi , Tian Ming , Han Lihong
Published: December 2022

During the development of shale gas, one of the major challenges is the casing deformation (CD) in the horizontal section due to the geological activity. Recently, the casing deformation before hydraulic fracturing (CDBF) occurred in multiple shale gas wells in L block in China. In this paper, based on the theory of tubular mechanics, the relationship between casing buckling and CDBF caused by casing running in is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. It is found that the buckling deformation caused by running the casing string process is not sufficient to prevent the tool (Φ99 mm bridge plug). On the other hand, the mechanism of CDBF is systematically analyzed based on the actual field data and finite element (FE) method. In order to analyze the CDBF mechanism, the comparison between the actual casing trajectory and the reservoir rock (S#1, S#2, S#3 and M#1) in horizontal section in H2 platform is carried out, and the preliminary CDBF mechanism is proposed. Then, two groups of FE models are established to reduce the CD process to verify the preliminary mechanism. It is found that the numerical simulation results (high stress section length from FE model) are in good agreement with the actual CD logging results. Based on the analytical results, the corresponding mitigation measures are proposed based on the analysis of the CDBF mechanism. Our work could offer a detailed theoretical basis and reference of CDBF for shale gas well application.