bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity of Sambucus nigra pollen within Slovakia in selected morphological characters by SEM study
Authors: Horčinová Sedláčková V. , Grygorieva O. , Gurnenko I. , Vergun O.
Published: January 2021

This study analyzed pollen morphology and characteristics of 20 Sambucus nigra L. genotypes from populations of various ecotypes and geographical localities from the territory of Slovakia. We used principal component analysis to explore variability in pollen grain size (polar and equatorial diameter), shape, aperture type, and exine ornamentation by scanning electron microscopy. The combination of these morphological characteristics and ultrastructure allows us to determine the differences or similarities between the same and various species and genotypes, which may be a useful tool for systematics with significant diagnostic value. The findings confirmed small differences among the genotypes in measured traits with polar and equatorial diameters in the range from 22.30 to 26.64 μm and from 12.81 to 14.45 μm, respectively. Shape index (P/E ratio) depending on elongation or roundness of pollen grains varied from 1.66 to 2.02. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) of morphological data helped to compare evaluated morphometric parameters and identified three closely related groups. It was noted that the diversity of surface sculpturing of pollen grains in combination with their shape and size enables us to use a complex of fine morphologic signs for S. nigra pollen identification. Pollen data combined with other morphological evidence (e.g., floral characters) have more recently become an important indicator of which genotypes may be the best representatives of species.
Chinese migrant parents' educational involvement: Shadow education for left-behind children
Authors: Peng Baiwen
Published: January 2021

As rural people keep migrating to cities in China over the past few decades, tens of millions of children have been left behind by their parents. In this study, I investigated how Chinese migrant parents involve in their left-behind children's education through the theoretical lens of concerted cultivation and the accomplishment of natural growth. I drew on qualitative data from left-behind children, migrant parents and teachers collected at a rural primary school in Sichuan Province. Most migrant parents involved in this study migrated to a less developed area in Tibet. Their voices are a valuable addition to the literature that has so far focused on those going to developed cities. It was found that shadow education is a major channel through which the parents involved in their left-behind children's education. The parents could 1) exercise concerted cultivation and variously use shadow education, 2) hope to meaningfully involve but were constrained by multiple barriers, or 3) exercise natural growth and leave their children to themselves. I interpreted these patterns with a view to China's evolving culture, ideology and social structures. I conclude by discussing sociological implications of these patterns, and theoretical contribution to the literature.
Accuracy and confidence in estimation of speaker age
Authors: Skoog Waller Sara Maria Birgitta
Published: January 2021

This article describes two experiments investigating listeners’ accuracy in estimation of speaker age as well as the listeners’ confidence that their estimates were correct. In Experiment 1, listeners made age estimates based on spontaneous speech. In Experiment 2, the estimates were based on read speech. The purpose of the study was to explore differences in accuracy and confidence depending on speech material, speaker characteristics (gender and age) and listener gender. Another purpose was to examine the realism in the listeners’ confidence ratings in estimations of spontaneous versus read speech. No differences in accuracy or confidence were found due to speech material type. Although accuracy was higher in estimates of male speakers, confidence was higher in estimates of female speakers, effects that were also dependent on speaker age. Possible acoustic and linguistic explanations behind the age and gender effects are discussed. As the correlation between confidence and accuracy was weak, it was concluded that confidence should not be relied on as an indicator of accuracy in estimation of speaker age.
The Cos-Poisson model with a novel count regression analysis
Authors: BAKOUCH Hassan , CHESNEAU Christophe , KARAKAYA Kadir , KUŞ Coşkun
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we propose a new generalization of the Poisson distribution by using the concept of the weighted distribution; a trigonometric weight with the cosine function is used. We derive some distributional properties of the new distribution, such as the cumulative distribution function, moment generating function, factorial moments, and index of dispersion. Then, the related model is considered for modeling purposes, with estimation of the model parameters performed via several methods. Zero-inflated count regression analysis is introduced by using the new distribution. Finally, we provide two applications of the obtained results on practical data sets.
The representations of the g-Drazin inverse in a Banach algebra
Authors: SHEİBANİ ABDOLYOUSEFİ Marjan
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper is to establish an explicit representation of the generalized Drazin inverse $(a+b)^d$ under the condition $$ab^2=0, ba^2=0, a^{\pi}b^{\pi}(ba)^2=0.$$ Furthermore, we apply our results to give some representation of generalized Drazin inverse for a $2\times 2$ block operator matrix. These extend the results on Drazin inverse of Bu, Feng and Bai [Appl. Math. Comput. 218, 10226-10237, 2012] and Dopazo and Martinez-Serano [Linear Algebra Appl. 432, 1896-1904, 2010].
Decoding the 1920s: A Reader for Advanced Learners in Russian
Authors:   Portland State University, Friedberg Nila
Published: January 2021

The materials presented in this book were developed for an advanced-level content-based Russian language course at Portland State University entitled “Russian Literature of the Twentieth Century: The 1920s.” Literature of this period is a major part of the Russian canon, but is notoriously difficult for learners of Russian to read in the original, due both to its stylistic complexity and the relative obscurity of its historical, political, and cultural references. And yet, this decade is crucial for understanding Russia – not only in the Soviet period, but also today. This was the period, when Mikhail Zoshchenko, Isaak Babel, Mikhail Bulgakov, and Andrei Platonov meticulously documented the birth of the “New Soviet Man,” his “newspeak” and Soviet bureaucratese; when Alexandra Kollontai, a Marxist revolutionary and a diplomat, wrote essays and fiction on the “New Soviet Woman”; when numerous satirical works were created; when Babel experimented with a literary representation of dialects (e.g.,Odessa Russian or Jewish Russian). These varieties of language have not disappeared. Bureaucrats still use some form of bureaucratese. Numerous contemporary TV shows imitate the dialects that Babel described. Moreover, Bulgakov’s “Heart of a Dog” gave rise, due largely to its film adaptation, to catch-phrases that still appear throughout contemporary Russian media, satirical contexts, and everyday conversation. Thus, the Russian literature of the 1920s does not belong exclusively to the past, but has relevance and interpretive power for the present, and language learners who wish to pursue a career in humanities, media analysis, analytical translation, journalism, or international relations must understand this period and the linguistic patterns it established.
Theatrical Dialogue in the Digital Age: From Director’s Theatre to the Theatre Onscreen
Authors: Nemchenko Lilia M.
Published: January 2021

Thanks to its inherent nature, theatre has been better able than other artforms to resist the challenges presented by information and digital culture, which are based on the principle of reproduction. Since a theatrical text is created anew each time, an audience can enter into a real-time dialogue with a concrete group of players recreating an authorial concept. This is true even when, as in director’s theatre, a director’s interpretation is performed by different acting companies.Today, however, the hubris of theatre critics and enthusiasts, who value unmediated dialogue as a pre-condition of theatrical pragmatics, has collided with the novel theatrical practice of live broadcasting, which was preceded by the standalone genres of radio and television plays. As a performance art, theatre possesses characteristics of a virtual object, where the information about such an object exists only in the memories of audiences or professional critics. In becoming digitised, theatre loses its former character – the uniqueness of presence in a concrete theatrical here-and-now that can never be repeated – and acquires a new mode of existence within a movie theatre represented in Russia by the Theatre HD project, which translates the theatrical educational mission into the digital age by involving new participants in creative dialogue.
The Axiology and Symbolism of the Motif System in Novgorod Bylinas
Authors: Mironov Arseny
Published: January 2021

This article carries out an axiological analysis of Novgorod bylinas about Sadko and Vasily Buslayev, which leads the author to interpret epic motifs as a semantic unity that help reveal the hero’s motives, his actions, and their consequences. The borders of the motif as part of the plot are determined by the hero’s central values and his resulting (and, as a rule, altered) state. The elements of the epic motif are studied through the prism of the character’s evaluations, as well as those of the epic bard and the listener. As a result, the author develops a principle of value classification for bylina motifs. The motifs of the Russian epic are also divided depending on whether they make part of parallel constructions with other motifs of the same type, and according to the presence of an opposition in the form of an antipode motif. The author reveals the function of the motif in bylina plots which, according to the author, the bard could easily keep in his memory, as it is connected with simple causal logic and is based on the hero’s motives and moral state (pride, lechery, greed, etc.). Targeting a traditional audience, the bard could combine, rearrange, and contaminate motifs, creating a unique version of the song for a particular spiritual and therapeutic purpose of communication. The author concludes that micro-topics, termed “epic motifs” by adherents of the structural and semantic approach, have a “semantics”, but this meaning is not enough for the bard to realise and remember the functional effect of the motif, i. e. the correcting effect produced on the listener.
Evolution of a Robust Artificial Intelligence System: A Case Study of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence's AI‐Alert
Authors: Eckroth Joshua
Published: January 2021

Since mid‐2018, we have used a suite of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to automatically generate the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence's AI‐Alert, a weekly email sent to all Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence members and thousands of other subscribers. This alert contains ten news stories from around the web that focus on some aspect of AI, such as new AI inventions, AI's use in various industries, and AI's impacts in our daily lives. This alert was curated by‐hand for a decade before we developed AI technology for automation, which we call “NewsFinder.” Recently, we redesigned this automation and ran a six‐month experiment on user engagement to ensure the new approach was successful. This article documents our design considerations and requirements, our implementation (which involves web crawling, document classification, and a genetic algorithm for story selection), and our reflections after a year and a half since deploying this technology.
Place Your Bets: Will Machine Learning Outgrow Human Labeling?
Authors: Schaekermann Mike , Homan Christopher M. , Aroyo Lora , Paritosh Praveen , Bollacker Kurt , Welty Chris
Published: January 2021

The AI Bookie column documents highlights from AI Bets, an online forum for the creation of adjudicatable predictions and bets about the future of artificial intelligence. Although it is easy to make a prediction about the future, this forum was created to help researchers craft predictions whose accuracy can be clearly and unambiguously judged when a prediction comes due. The bets will be documented online and regularly in this publication in The AI Bookie. We encourage bets that are rigorously and scientifically argued. We discourage bets that are too general to be evaluated or too specific to an institution or individual. The goal is not to continue to feed the media frenzy and pundit predictions about artificial intelligence, but rather to curate and promote bets whose outcomes will provide useful feedback to the scientific community. Place your bets! Please go to ai.sciencebets.org.
Demographic Characteristics of Patients Admitted to Private Hospital Emergency Service
Authors: KOYUNCU Murat , YİLDAR Murat
Published: January 2021

Aim: Increasing the productivity of emergency services is only possible with the documentation and analysis of data on services provided. In this study, we aimed to evaluate demographic characteristics of patients admitted to the emergency unit using a computer-based patient registry system.
Materials and Methods: 33,886 outpatients admitted to the emergency unit between 01.09.2017 and 31.08.2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic characteristics of the patients, main complaints, time of admission, triage classification, and International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes were evaluated.
Results: Among outpatients admitted to the emergency unit, 58% were males and 42% were females. A total of 43% outpatients were 0-12 months of age, 21% were 1-5 years of age, 15% were 28-39 years of age, and 9% were 40-64 years of age. In total, 39% outpatients were admitted to the emergency unit due to upper respiratory tract diseases. Of the patients, 95,42% were treated in the outpatient setting. The highest admission rates were in December and January. The highest admission rate was on Sunday, while the least was on Wednesday and Thursday. The highest admission time period was between 20:00–00:00, while the least was between 04:00–08:00.
Conclusion: Our study results show that supportive measures for healthcare professionals including specialists and medical equipment should be provided, in particular between 20:00–00:00, at the weekends, and in winter seasons, when the overall admission rate increases. Based on these results, we suggest that documentation and analysis of demographic data of patients admitted to the emergency unit can contribute to physical and labor force planning of emergency units.
Havacılık Sektöründe Psikolojik Sahiplenme ve Devamsızlık İlişkisi
Authors: ŞENOL Leyla , ÜZÜM Burcu
Published: January 2021

İşe devamsızlık örgütler için iş kaybı oluşturacağından maliyetlerin artmasına neden olacaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışanların işe devamlarının sağlanabilmesi için psikolojik sahiplenmenin oluşturulması yönünde politikalar geliştirilmesi önemlidir. Bu araştırma ile havacılık sektöründe çalışanların psikolojik sahiplenme algılarının işe devamsızlığı etkileyip etkilemediğinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla nicel bir araştırma yapılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışma Sabiha Gökçen ve Cengiz Topel hava alanlarında faaliyet gösteren işletme çalışanları üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizine göre psikolojik sahiplenme ile işe devamsızlık arasında doğrudan bir ilişki olmadığı görülmüştür. Ancak devamsızlığın alt boyutları ile psikolojik sahiplenme arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Bu sonuç çalışanların işe devamsızlık oranını düşürmesi yönünde örgüt yönetimini memnun edecek bir sonuçtur.
Çalışma Yaşamında Engelli Kadınların İstihdam Süreçleri: Yozgat Örneği
Authors: ÇAKIR Hülya
Published: January 2021

Demografik göstergeleri incelendiğinde engelli bireylerin toplam nüfus içerisindeki oranının yüksekliği, engelli bireylerin sorunlarının toplumda büyük önem taşıdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Nüfusun önemli bir kısmını oluşturan engellilerin çalışma hayatı ve toplumla bütünleşme sorunları, üzerinde çalışılması gereken bir konudur. Yozgat ili örneği özelinde oluşturulan çalışma yaşamında engelli kadınların istihdam süreçleri araştırmasında, derinlemesine görüşmelerle öznel algılamaların önemli olduğunu ifade eden nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla Yozgat’ta ikamet eden 15 engelli kadınla gerçekleştirilen görüşmelerde katılımcıların engellilik durumlarının istihdam süreçlerine etkisi, çalışma süreleri, engellilerin işe girme süreçleri, iş hayatında karşılaştıkları sorunlar ve engelli istihdamının iyileştirilebilmesi için önerileri gibi konu başlıklarında kadınların yaşadıkları durumu nasıl algıladıkları ve anlamlandırdıklarını kendi ifadeleri ile anlayabilmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada engelli kadınların istihdam süreçleriyle yaşadıkları sorunlar toplumsal cinsiyet kavramı ile ilişkilendirilerek araştırılmıştır.
Gerincalak és izomaktivitás együttes változása törzserő-tesztek során fiatal kosárlabdázók körében
Authors: Petró Bálint , Gál-Pottyondy Anna , Kiss M. Rita
Published: January 2021

A mindennapi és a sportéletben egyaránt fontos a törzsizmok és más testtartásért felelős izmok megerősítése és egyensúlyának biztosítása. A testtartás izmainak tesztelésére jól alkalmazható a plank-teszt, mely a fekvőtámaszhoz hasonló, csak hajlított alkartámaszban kezdődik és ennek a helyzetnek az egy percig történő megtartása. Előnye, hogy könnyen elvégezhető és nem igényel eszközt, ugyanakkor a teszt kiértékelése leggyakrabban csak szubjektíven, szemrevételezéssel történik. Ezért kialakítottunk egy új mérési protokollt a gerinc alakjának és az izomaktivitás változásának egyidőben való követésére. A protokoll tesztelésére 11 fiú kosárlabdázó (13-17 év) részvételével végeztünk méréseket; a feladat egy percig tartó plank-teszt volt. A gerinc alakját tövisnyúlványokra helyezett jelölők optikai követésével állapítottuk meg, melyből a gerincgörbületi szögek (kyphosis és lordosis) számíthatók minden időpontra. Felületi elektromiográfiával mértük 11 izom aktivitását; a medián frekvencia csökkenésének számításá- val megállapítottuk az izomfáradás mértékét. A gerincszögek változása a gyakorlat első és utolsó 10 másodperce között minden esetben a kyphosis (jellemzően nagymértékű) növekedését mutatta; a lordosis vagy kismértékben csökkent, vagy nagymértékben nőtt. Ez azt mutatja, hogy a plank-teszt során az egyes résztvevők különböző módokon fáradnak el, melyek indikálhatják különböző stabilizáló izmok gyengeségét. Az EMG medián frekvenciája a gyakorlat során jellemzően vagy közel állandó, vagy egyenletesen csökkenő volt a vizsgált izmokban (szignifikánsan fáradt a m. gluteus maximus, az erector spinae iliocostalis, a rectus abdominis longus és az obliquus externus abdominis), ám néhány izom mutatott hullámzó aktivitást is. Szignifikáns korrelációt a m. rectus femoris fáradása és a gerincgörbületek növekedése között találtunk. További kutatási lehetőséget ad a protokoll elvégzése homogén életkorú, különböző sportot űző csoportok részvételével.
SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater RNA Concentration and Extraction (Nanotrap® and NucleoMag® RNA Water) v1
Authors: Rasile Brett , Maas Kendra
Published: January 2021

Process
Politização da vacina é irresponsabilidade sanitária
Authors: Bisol Jairo
Published: January 2021

This brief communication addresses the immense challenge of a national immunization campaign against Covid-19, given the current scenario of probable approval of several vaccines that are in the final testing phase. There are adversities around the acquisition, production, storage, transport, and dispensation, which should be the object of intense planning and logistics capable of mitigating the high rates of vaccine losses in immunization campaigns. The success of this undertaking depends on a solid federative pact and the leadership of the Ministry of Health in the acquisition of vaccines and in conducting the immunization campaign. The construction of this pact is hindered by the politicization of the Covid-19 vaccine, which is irresponsibly promoted by national political leaders, compromising the union around the theme and generating insecurity in the Brazilian population.
Calidad y Liderazgo Sostenible
Authors: Cantón Mayo Isabel , García-Martín Sheila , Cañón Rodríguez Ruth , Grande-de-Prado Mario
Published: January 2021

Los estudios sobre liderazgo han ocupado extensiones enormes en la bibliografía especializada sobre el tema de calidad y liderazgo. Entre los indicadores de calidad educativa los más relevantes son la dirección y el liderazgo. Se han referido más de veinte clases de liderazgo desde el pedagógico al distribuido. Sin embargo, destacamos una línea emergente del mismo que aún no tiene reflejo suficiente en los estudios específicos: el liderazgo sostenible. El objetivo de este artículo es doble: por un lado, revisión en la WOS sobre el tema y por otro realizar una propuesta integradora y novedosa de las principales aportaciones sobre el tema. Los resultados muestran una muy pobre presencia en la WOS del liderazgo sostenible y en todo caso nunca referido a educación. Se recogen dos aportaciones relevantes y se realiza una propuesta de contenidos del liderazgo sostenible con doce indicadores y dos grandes categorías: seis vinculadas a aspectos técnicos y seis vinculadas a aspectos emocionales de liderazgo sostenible.
Многозадачность в виртуальной среде: эмпирическое исследование
Authors: Войскунский Александр , Хохлова Елизавета , Митина Ольга , Дорохов Егор
Published: January 2021

Проблематика многозадачности, т.е. выполнения субъектом сразу нескольких различающихся между собой видов активности, приобрела значительный интерес и в научном сообществе, и у широких масс неспециалистов. Интерес этот объясняется изменением ритма жизни в современную эпоху и, в частности, быстрым развитием электронных цифровых устройств, которые все шире опосредствуют выполняемые людьми виды деятельности. В немалой степени интерес обусловлен многочисленными наблюдениями, согласно которым представители молодежных поколений не только не испытывают проблем в одновременном выполнении различающихся действий, но и явно предпочитают именно такой стиль жизненной активности. В работе ставится цель выявить специфику явления многозадачности в условиях применения системы виртуальной реальности. Исследование проведено в комнате виртуальной реальности типа CAVE на факультете психологии МГУ. Задание для испытуемых состояло в аудировании текстов перед виртуальной аудиторией (учебный класс с 12 учащимися) и одновременном наблюдении за поведением виртуальных аватаров, составляющих аудиторию. Аватары имели фиксированную свободу поведения, при этом их поведение было запрограммировано и было одинаковым для всех испытуемых. Задание для испытуемых (50 студентов разных вузов Москвы) постепенно усложнялось, о степени сложности можно судить по количеству и качеству ошибок, допускаемых испытуемыми в аудировании и в наблюдении за аудиторией. Исследование показало, что затруднения в одновременно реализуемых деятельностях не оказывают значимого влияния друг на друга.
Сравнение переживания феномена присутствия в виртуальных средах при решении интеллектуальных и поисковых задач
Authors: Авербух Наталья
Published: January 2021

В работе ставится вопрос о сравнении переживания феномена присутствия в различных виртуальных средах, одной, созданной для решения интеллектуальной задачи (кубики Коса, субтест интеллектуального теста Векслера), и другой, созданной для решения поисковой задачи. Среда, разработанная для решения интеллектуальной задачи, достаточно простая и представляет собой комнату, в которой на столе появляются кубики, с которыми предполагается работать испытуемому. Среда для решения поисковой задачи представляет собой сложный по топографии парк в азиатском стиле, в котором пользователь может ходить и перемещаться с помощью телепортации и указывать виртуальной указкой на вазы, которые он должен искать. Рассматривается в первую очередь пространственное присутствие, но также и социальное присутствие и личностное (или Я-присутствие), а также некоторые компоненты переживания присутствия. Ожидалось, что хождение по парку, как по более насыщенной и предоставляющей больше возможностей среде, позволит пользователям пережить более сильное присутствие, однако результаты эксперимента ставят это под сомнение.
Модифицированная модель войны или сражения и гонки вооружения на основе модели Лотки – Вольтерра как модель конфронтации государств: численный и качественный анализ
Authors: Возмищева Татьяна
Published: January 2021

В работе исследованы модифицированные модели с конкурирующими процессами гонки вооружения – модель Ричардсона, войны или сражения – модель Ланкастера, «хищник-жертва» – на основе модели Лотки – Вольтерра. Проведен качественный анализ, а также численный расчет эволюционных траекторий системы при различных значениях параметров. На основе построенных графиков решений системы дифференциальных уравнений проведен сравнительный анализ классической и модифицированных моделей. Предложенные модифицированные модели Ричардсона и Ланкастера обладают несомненным преимуществом по сравнению с другими моделями. В данной работе в системе дифференциальных уравнений мы учитываем наиболее глобальные и существенные слагаемые: мощность высокоточного и технологического оружия; вступление в эволюционную игру союзников. Динамическое моделирование позволяет определить значения и соотношения параметров, которые в определённый момент времени приводят к перелому войны или сражения. Отметим, что в статье не рассматриваются реальные конкретные исторические события, так как математические модели всегда ограничены: невозможно учесть, случайные факторы, которые связаны со случайными процессами и носят вероятностный характер. Получены решения системы дифференциальных уравнений, которые моделируют нелинейное влияние на экосистему как внешних, так и внутренних факторов. Рассмотрены различные параметры системы дифференциальных уравнений, которые охватывают практически весь набор возможного благоприятного и неблагоприятного влияния на эволюцию биоценоза. Приведены условия, для которых при незначительных отрицательных нелинейных слагаемых всё-таки возможно восстановление биоценоза.
Влияние коммюнотарной идеологии свободного программного обеспечения на формирование нравственно–этической культуры, жизненное и личностное самоопределение обучающегося
Authors: Федосов Александр , Маркушевич Михаил
Published: January 2021

В работе обсуждается коммюнотарная идеология свободного программного обеспечения как источник построения образовательного процесса, направленного на решение задач жизненного и личностного самоопределение обучающихся, формирования ценностно-смысловой ориентации учащихся, ориентации в социальных ролях и межличностных отношениях, личностной мотивации к учебной деятельности. Авторами обосновывается тезис о том, что основой для формирования компонентов нравственно–этической культуры, жизненного и личностного самоопределения обучающегося может выступать коммюнотарная идеология свободного программного обеспечения, раскрыты преимущества использования свободного программного обеспечения в образовательном процессе для решения задач духовно-нравственного воспитания. В статье представлены пути формирования нравственно–этической культуры, жизненного и личностного самоопределения обучающихся: на основе анализа характерных свойств свободного программного обеспечения выявлены возможности формирования у обучающихся умений выделять нравственный аспект поведения и соотносить поступки и события с принятыми этическими принципами, навыков выбора предпочитаемой сферы профессиональной деятельности и вхождения в то или иное профессиональное сообщество, ориентации в социальных ролях и межличностных отношениях, навыков выбора инструмента для решения учебных и профессиональных задач и направленность на сотрудничество и бескорыстную взаимопомощь другим обучающимся в их освоении и применении.
Administrative Justice in the Soviet Period (Analysis of the Doctrine, Legislation and Procedure of the First Half of the 20th Century)
Authors: Ablaeva E. B. , Ensebayeva A. R. , Utanov M. A.
Published: January 2021

Socio-political significance and legal status of the institute of administrative justice are widely understood in the context of the thorough analysis of Soviet theory, legislation and practice of the first half of the last century. The choice of the subject matter of the study is preconditioned by the universally recognized periodization, according to which administrative justice in the Soviet period reached the highest level of development in the first half of the 20th century after the foundations of civil proceedings of the Union of the SSR and the Soviet Union Republics were approved in 1961. From this point of view, it is very interesting and useful to study the objective circumstances that took place in the first half of the last century. The study covers the beginning of the Soviet path of development and improvement of the institute of administrative justice, the lower border of which constitutes the final moment of the establishment of Soviet power, and the upper border covers the post-war period of the Soviet Union. The grounds, conditions and procedure of settlement of complaints against actions of Soviet institutions and officials are identified by various bodies. The selected subject matter was actualized during the development and adoption of the first Administrative Procedural Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as in the course of institutional reform aimed at ensuring the rule of law, including in the areas of public administration and local government.The purpose of this paper is to study the issues of regulation of public relations arising between the Soviet State represented by public authorities, their officials, state officials, on the one hand, and Soviet citizens and their associations, on the other. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are set: studying the normative legal acts of the Soviet power issued by the central election commissions, All-Russian congresses of councils, people's commissariats, workers'-peasants' inspectorates, councils of workers'-and-peasants' defenses and many other Soviet institutions regulating administrative justice in the first half of the 20th century; determination of grounds, conditions and procedure for appealing or challenging the legality of acts, decisions, actions or omissions to act on behalf of Soviet institutions and officials; analysis of the legal thought of the first half of the 20th century.
Criminal Liability for Financial Market Crimes under the Singapore Legislation
Authors: Denisova A. V.
Published: January 2021

The functioning of developed financial markets is an integral feature of a country with a market economy, in which it is understood primarily as an infrastructure element of state policy, which, with proper management, ensures a qualitative increase in the standard of living of citizens. Therefore, the issues of criminal legal assessment of encroachments on relations in the sphere of financial markets have recently become particularly relevant both abroad and in Russia. In Singapore law, the legal provisions on criminal liability for crimes in the field of financial markets are contained in the Criminal code of the Republic of Singapore, in the laws on the prevention of corruption, on securities and futures. The purpose of the study is to analyze Singapore legislation to compare foreign and domestic criminal law norms on crimes in the field of financial markets, as well as to determine the possibilities of using foreign experience in Russian rule-making practice. The methodological basis of the paper is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main place is occupied by methods of comparative law and system analysis. The author analyzes the similarities and differences between Singapore and Russian financial and criminal legislation and predicts promising directions for the development of the system of relevant domestic criminal law norms. The author suggests the expediency of using the ideas of criminalization and suppression of fraud in the investment sphere, including in cyberspace, theft of personal data and their misuse, as well as other preparatory actions for serious and grave crimes that may be committed in the financial markets.
Determinants of Sustainability Reporting of Islamic Banks in Emerging Countries
Authors: Nilasakti Afifah Oki , Falikhatun Falikhatun
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of Islamic corporate governance and slack resources on sustainability reporting of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia and Malaysia from 2015-2018. The corporate governance in this study consists of sharia supervisory board, the size, board of directors meeting, and audit committee. This is a quantitative study that used secondary data such as the annual and sustainability report. The reporting proxy was measured by the content analysis method which consisted of 78 items from the six dimensions adopted disclosure of AAOIFI. Furthermore, the analysis technique used was panel data regression with Random Effect Model (REM) as the estimation model. The results showed that the sharia supervisory board has a negative effect on sustainability reporting, while the board size, audit committee, and slack resources have a positive effect. Meanwhile, the board of directors' meeting has no effect on sustainability reporting. Therefore, the related government agencies such as Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (Financial Service Authority/FSA) and Bank Negara Malaysia are able to consider that the regulation related to the composition of sharia supervisory board for banking is in line with international ideal standards.
Pharmacokinetic Drug Food Interaction Study of Nateglinide and Pomegranate Fruit Juice
Authors: Sameer D Shaikh , Patel Anasuya , Muftedar Ahmed Patel , Ali Syed Ayaz
Published: January 2021

Objective: Pomegranate juice is inhibitor of CYP450 enzyme system such as CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. The objective of the present study was to determine the consequence of pomegranate fruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of oral hypoglycemic drug nateglinide in rats.
Materials and Methods: This is a laboratory study to investigate drug-food interaction effects of Punica granatum fruit juice (3 ml) and nateglinide (in doses 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) in live animals where the effects of food drug interaction on pharmacokinetics parameters such as Cmax and AUC in vehicle and nateglinide and pomegranate juice and nateglinide treated rats was undertaken. Four groups of Wistar albino rats comprising of (n=5) animals in each group were taken and treated with vehicle and nateglinide (in doses 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) pomegranate juice (3ml, p.o.) and nateglinide (in doses 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight, p.o.).
Results: The rats which were administered with pomegranate juice + nateglinide (in doses 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) showed  raised Cmax to 2.85 fold and 2.21-fold respectively and an increase in AUC was found to be 1.34 fold and 1.47 fold respectively, when vehicle + nateglinide 10mg/kg and vehicle + 20mg/kg drug treated groups were compared. The results were compared at P-value< 0.01.
Conclusion: A significant drug interaction was observed when nateglinide and pomegranate juice was administered indicating caution must be exercised when such food and drug is co-administered as the chance of more hypoglycemia may occur due to this potential drug-food interaction.
Effect of 4-weeks Endurance Training and Berberine on Glycemic Index and Inflammation in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Heidari Hossein , Azarbayjani Mohammad Ali , Peeri Maghsoud , Farzanegi Parvin , Hosseini Seyed Ali
Published: January 2021

Objective: Exercise and herbal medicine Berberine are known as anti-inflammatory agents. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 4-weeks of endurance training and Berberine Chloride (BC) consumption on inflammatory factors and glycemic index in male wistar diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: In an experimental trial, 36 male wistar rats divided into 6 groups of 6 rats including 1) control, 2) 15 mg/kg BC, 3) 30 mg/kg BC, 4) endurance training, 5) endurance training with 15 mg/kg BC and 6) endurance training with 30 mg/kg of BC. During 4 weeks, rats in groups 2, 3, 5, and 6 received BC by gavage at specified doses, and rats in groups 4- 6 also ran on the treadmill at speeds of 10-15 m/min for 10-30 minutes. For statistical analysis of data-independent sample T-test, two-way ANOVA were used (P-value= 0.05).
Results: Training and BC significantly increased function of pancreatic beta cells and reduced FBS, TNF-α, and IL- 6 (P-value= 0.001); Training significantly increased VO2max and insulin; interaction of training and BC on an increase of VO2max and reduction of TNF-α were significant (P-value= 0.001) and 30 mg/kg BC reduced TNF-α and FBS much more than 15 mg/kg BC (P-value= 0.001).
Conclusion: It appears that Endurance training and BC can decrease glycemic index and inflammatory markers of diabetes and the effects of BC is dose-dependent, so that the 30 mg/kg BC is more effective rather than the 15 mg/kg BC.
The Relationship between the Type of Milk Consumed and the Risk of Kidney Stones in Children Under Two Years of Age
Authors: Shajari Hamideh , Shajari Ahmad , Golshan Tafti Mohammad , Samaninejad Reza
Published: January 2021

Background: Kidney stones are one of several serious health problems in childhood that cause nutritional and growth disorders, and may finally lead to chronic kidney failure in this group.
Methods: In this analytical study conducted through a case-control design, 30 children under the age of two with kidney stones, and 125 children of the same age and sex without stones were studied. Patient information including personal profile and the results of some necessary tests were extracted from patient records and listed in a checklist. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Version 17.0). Statistical significance was considered when p-value was <0.05.
Results: In terms of duration of breastfeeding, a significant difference was observed between the patients with stones and patients without stones; the duration of breastfeeding was longer in the control group (p=0.003). In addition, the duration of feeding with formula milk and cow milk was longer in the case group (p=0.038 and p=0.012, respectively).
Conclusion: Breastfeeding can serve as a nutritional factor that plays a preventive and protective role against the formation of kidney stones in infants.
Fighting COVID-19; Governments or the Masses?
Authors: Badrfam Rahim , Zandifar Atefeh
Published: January 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
An Easy Parameter That Can Predict Intensive Care Unit Admission in Patients with COVID-19 in the Early Stage: Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio
Authors: Nur Eke Remziye , Taşkın Seren , Bulca Acar Aysima , Özen Mehmet , Bozyel Özge Abacı
Published: January 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 60 million confirmed cases and approximately 1.5 million deaths all over the world as of December 1st, 2020. So it’s important to predict the clinical course of infected patients and to prevent the disease course from worsening with early intervention.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the new generation inflammation markers such as NLR, MPV and RDW in predicting the need for intensive care of COVID-19 patients.

Methods: The retrospective cross-sectional study included 112 patients whose hemogram parameters were checked simultaneously with the diagnosis of COVID-19, hospitalized in public hospitals in Antalya province between March 16th and June 15th, 2020. Patients treated in the intensive care unit and treated only in the ward were compared according to laboratory data, and the predictive effect of study parameters on the need for intensive care was investigated.

Results: Of the patients 43.8% were female and 56.3% were male. The average age was 49.48 ± 17.12 years. The percentage of patients admitted to the intensive care unit was 19.6% and, died was 5.4%. While MPV was found to be statistically significantly lower in COVID-19 patients who need intensive care, NLR and RDW were found to be statistically significantly higher. Decreased MPV and increased NLR were determined as independent risk factors for ICU admission. In addition, the optimal cut-off value was calculated as ≤ 10.4 for MPV (with 77.27% sensitivity and 66.67% specificity) and > 5.3 for NLR (with 72.73% sensitivity and 91.11% specificity) in predicting ICU admission.

Conclusion: NLR, which is checked at the first admission in patients with suspected COVID-19, is an easy, fast, cheap and very valuable test in determining the severity of SARS-CoV2 infection and predicting the need for intensive care.
Role of Uterine Artery Doppler to Predict Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Gurav Pallavi , Rajput Dr.Mangala
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Early screening for preeclampsia and IUGR using Doppler ultrasound may allow vigilant antenatal surveillance, early diagnosis, proper treatment, and appropriate timing of fetal delivery in order to avoid serious sequelae. The present study was to evaluate the predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of uterine artery Doppler at18-20 weeks of gestation with regards to the development of preeclampsia using pulsatility index as a parameter.

Methods: A total of 100 females between 18-20 wks of gestation were included in the present Prospective observational study was carried out in Obstetrics and Gynecology department at tertiary care hospital from June 2010 to June 2012.

Results: In the low-risk group, an early diastolic notch was present in 5(10%) females, out of these 3(60%) developed PIH, and 4(80%) developed IUGR.  The pulsatility index was abnormal in 8(16%) women. Out of these 5(62.5%) developed PIH and 3(37.5%) developed IUGR. In the high-risk group, an early diastolic notch was present in 8(16%) females, out of these 7(87.5%) developed PIH, and 6(75%) developed IUGR. The pulsatility index was abnormal in 9(18%) women, where 6(66.6%) developed PIH and 8(88.88%) developed IUGR.

Conclusion: Abnormal uterine artery Doppler at 24 weeks of gestation was a statistically significant predictor of PIH in both low-risk and high-risk groups.

 Key Words: Doppler, Pre-eclampsia, Pulsatility index, IUGR
Czy skarga nadzwyczajna do Sądu Nadzwyczajnego spełniła swoje cele?
Authors: Domańska Aldona
Published: January 2021

Skarga nadzwyczajna jest nowym instrumentem procesowym, który funkcjonuje w polskim systemie prawnym od 3 kwietnia 2018 r. Już na etapie dyskusji nad nowelizacją ustawy o Sądzie Najwyższym, w której znalazły się przepisy, także dotyczące skargi nadzwyczajnej, wywoływała ona skrajne emocje. Mimo dwóch lat funkcjonowania nie jest jednoznacznie oceniana ani przez przedstawicieli doktryny, ani praktyków. Publikacja poświęcona jest wyłącznie aspektom proceduralnym, problemom związanym z wniesieniem skargi. Autorka stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy z tego punktu widzenia skarga spełnia wskazaną jej funkcję. Słuszny wydaje się postulat, by ustawowo ograniczyć jej stosowanie do bardzo wąskiej kategorii spraw, w których orzeczenie naruszyło słuszne interesy jednostek, a ewentualna korekta orzeczenia nie doprowadzi do naruszenia praw innych osób. Konieczne wydaje się także doprecyzowanie przesłanek wniesienia skargi, które, jak zostało wykazane, mają charakter nieprecyzyjny, oceny.
Dirbtinis intelektas ir konstitucinė teisė į teisingumą
Authors: Juškevičiūtė-Vilienė Agnė
Published: January 2021

Nuolat kintančiame ir modernėjančiame pasaulyje naujos technologijos ir automatizacija demonstruoja spartų proveržį įvairiose visuomenės srityse, inter alia ir teisėje. Šiame straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti, ar dirbtinio intelekto panaudojimas teisėje, konkrečiau tariant ar teisinių ginčų sprendimas panaudojant dirbtinį intelektą, neprieštarauja konstitucinei asmens teisei į teisingumą. Užsibrėžto tikslo siekiama tiriant dirbtinio intelekto sąvoką vadovaujantis tarptautiniais ir Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktais, aptariant dirbtinio intelekto pritaikymo būdus teisėje, labiausiai orientuojantis į online ginčų sprendimo būdus. Analizuojant teisės mokslininkų pozicijas bei užsienio valstybių turimą praktiką taikant elektroninį teisingumą, straipsnyje išskiriami online ginčų sprendimų privalumai ir trūkumai. Šie privalumai ir trūkumai vertinami vadovaujantis Lietuvos Respublikos konstitucinėje teisėje suformuotais teisės į teisingumą pagrindais.
Kredyt studencki jako źródło finansowania edukacji wyższej
Authors: Cieślak Daria
Published: January 2021

W Polsce kredyt studencki udzielany jest od 1998 roku. Jak się okazuje obecnie nie jest on dość popularny, a z roku na rok udzielanych kredytów studenckich jest coraz mniej. Powstaje pytanie dlaczego tak się dzieję i co na to wpływa? Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie i ocena funkcjonowania kredytu studenckiego oraz wyjaśnienie sytuacji, dlaczego kilka lat temu udzielano ich kilkadziesiąt tysięcy, a w chwili obecnej (2019 r.) znacznie mniej. Przedstawiony zostanie także związek dobrej sytuacji finansowej z podjęciem decyzji o zaciągnięciu kredytu studenckiego.
Zjawisko szarej strefy w Polsce – przyczyny, skutki i metody ograniczania
Authors: Franciszkowska Sara , Węgrzyn Anna
Published: January 2021

Artykuł dotyczy szarej strefy, rozumianej jako wszelkie próby unikania obowiązku podatkowego przez obywateli. Zjawisko to jest nieodłączną częścią każdej gospodarki i może na nią wpływać zarówno w sposób pozytywny, jak i negatywny, przy czym udział niekorzystnych konsekwencji jest większy. Mając to na uwadze, władze państwowe podejmują szereg działań, mających na celu ograniczanie zasięgu szarej strefy. Istotnym elementem w kształtowaniu się jej rozmiarów jest to, czy obywatele wyrażają „ciche przyzwolenie” na tego typu czynności. Opracowanie zawiera ba-danie na temat poziomu moralności podatkowej wśród losowo wybranej grupy badanych w wieku produkcyjnym.
Otoczenie regulacyjne sektora fintech na przykładzie dyrektywy PSD2 i wybranych ustaw krajowych
Authors: Gawron Oliwia
Published: January 2021

W dobie cyfryzacji instytucje finansowe coraz częściej współpracują z podmiotami FinTech w celu tworzenia innowacji produktowych. Jednak rynek finansowy nie zawsze jest przygotowany na to. W obliczu niewystarczających regulacji sektora FinTech konsumenci nie zawsze mogą mieć zagwarantowane bezpieczeństwo a same podmioty FinTech mogą nie zostać dopuszczone do uczestnictwa w rynku. Dlatego istotną kwestią są działania zmierzające do uregulowania ich działalności. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych regulacji sektora oraz ocena czy obejmują one rynek w sposób wystarczający.
Ubezpieczenie nieruchomości z cesją praw jako zabezpieczenie spłaty kredytu hipotecznego w kontekście interesu konsumenta
Authors: Nowak Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

Udzielanie kredytów przez banki obarczone jest ryzykiem kredytowym, jakim jest brak spłaty zobowiązania przez dłużnika. W tym celu banki wymagają zabezpieczeń, a jedną z głównych form zabezpieczenia kredytu jest ubezpieczenie, w szczególności ubezpieczenie nieruchomości od ognia i innych zdarzeń losowych. W praktyce banki wymagają również przeniesienia praw przyszłych przysługujących kredytobiorcy z umowy ubezpieczenia. Również kredytobiorcy narażeni są na różnego rodzaju ryzyka, których zmaterializowanie się może skutecznie utrudnić spłatę kredytu. W związku z tym, kredytobiorcy korzystają z ubezpieczeń w nadziei, że ubezpieczyciel pokryje dług w ramach ochrony ubezpieczeniowej. W artykule autorka przedstawia główne nieprawidłowości występujące w praktyce w dystrybucji ubezpieczeń nieruchomości od ognia i innych zdarzeń losowych oraz ocenia warunki cesji praw z umowy ubezpieczenia na bank.