bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Intellectual Crisis of the Reformation
Authors: Popkin Richard H
Published: November 2023

One of the main avenues through which the sceptical views of antiquity entered late Renaissance thought was a central quarrel of the Reformation, the dispute over the proper standard of religious knowledge, or what was called “the rule of faith.” This argument raised one of the classical problems of the Greek Pyrrhonists, the problem of the criterion of truth. With the rediscovery in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries of writings of the Greek Pyrrhonist Sextus Empiricus, the arguments and views of the Greek sceptics became part of the philosophical core of the religious struggles then taking place. The problem of finding a criterion of truth, first raised in theological disputes, was then later raised with regard to natural knowledge, leading to la crise pyrrhonienne of the early sixteenth century.

The critical problem, that of justifying a criterion for true and certain religious knowledge, was raised in part by Savonarola in his dispute with the authority of the pope in 1497 and 1498 and, more fully, by Martin Luther in the first years of his break with Rome.
Analysis Of Georeferenced Socioeconomic Attribute Variables
Authors: Griffith Daniel A , Layne Larry J
Published: November 2023

Georeferenced socioeconomic data sets are commonly used for example calculations in popular standard statistics books, such as Neter et al. (1996, pp.1367-69), Venables and Ripley (1994, 67, 74, 81, 127, 320), and Johnson and Wichern (1992, 392,393, 604-7, 624,626). Unfortunately, as Anselin and Griffith (1988) and Anselin and Hudak (1992) note, authors of this class of texts either gloss over (e.g., Johnson and Wichern 1992, 392) or acknowledge and then dismiss the importance of (e.g., Neter et al.1996, l 048) latent spatial dependencies. Notable exceptions are furnished by Bailey and Gatrell (1995, 249) and by Sen and Srivastava (1990), who not only recognize the presence and importance of spatial autocorrelation in georeferenced data, but also include two Chicago examples (pp. 94, 152) involving socioeconomic attribute variables, as well as a geographic connectivity matrix (p. 153). In practice, spatial effects latent in socioeconomic data increasingly are playing an explicitly important role in the everyday life of people.
Mendelssohn
Authors: Todd R Larry
Published: November 2023

In the one hundred and fifty-six years since the composer’s death in 1847, history has rediscovered Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy numerous times, with radically different results. Etched into our collective musical consciousness are several vivid images of the man and musician. He was a prodigious polymath/polyglot whose intellectual horizons—embracing music, drawing, painting, poetry, classical studies, and theology—were second to none among the “great” composers, and whose musical precocity, not just in composition but also conducting, piano and organ, violin and viola, was rivaled only by Mozart. Mendelssohn was among the first conductors to adopt the baton and to develop systematic rehearsal techniques that advanced the fledgling art of conducting as an independent discipline.
The surprising archaea
Authors: Howland John L
Published: November 2023

Although they comprise one of the three fundamental branches of life, the Archaea were only recognized as a group about twenty years ago. This recognition was based on similarities between their RNA sequences, similarities all the more striking because of the diversity of archaeal lifestyles. They include microorganisms that live in boiling water, within the guts of animals, or in concentration brines. It is also evident that the Archaea diverged early in the history of life, and are of great evolutionary interest as a result. This book tells their emerging story, from their toughness in the face of forbidding environments to their unique place in evolution and in the world ecosystem.
Sinrilik and Kacaping
Authors: Sutton R Anderson
Published: November 2023

However problematic, the terms moderen (modern) and tradisional (traditional) constitute nothing less than cornerstones in the discourse among musicians, intellectuals, and lay people concerning artistic activity in South Sulawesi, as indeed in many (perhaps all) other parts of Indonesia. In the previous chapters, we have traced the course of an intentional march beyond the “traditional” to stage entertainment, spearheaded by Bu Nani Sapada and widely seen as “modem,” and beyond that vision of the modem to more idiosyncratic selfexpression, on the one hand, and postmodern efforts to revitalize performance through reritualization on the other. In the course of these fractious developments, numerous genres of music and dance have been affected.Some have nearly disappeared altogether; others have maintained strong continuity with practices generations old and are understood by practitioners and audiences alike to be “traditional.”
Learn And Teach: Driving Plato’s Horses
Authors: Bryan Charles S
Published: November 2023

Osler defined himself mainly as an educator. He loved the learning process and regarded his students as fellow learners. He popularized teaching medicine at the bedside and said that he wanted no epitaph other than that he had taught medical students in the wards. He championed continuing medical education and stricter licensing standards for physicians. Yet his commitment to education transcended the hospital and clinic environments. He was a university person in the broad sense of belonging to a worldwide community of scholars.
Leibniz & Clarke
Authors: Vailati Ezio
Published: November 2023

The correspondence between Leibniz and Samuel Clarke was the most influential philosophical exchange of the eighteenth century, and indeed one of the most significant such exchanges in the history of philosophy. Carried out in 1715 and 1716, the debate focused on the clash between Newtonian and Leibnizian world systems, involving disputes in physics, theology, and metaphysics. The letters ranged over an extraordinary array of topics, including divine immensity and eternity, the relation of God to the world, free will, gravitation, the existence of atoms and the void, and the size of the universe. This penetrating book is the first to offer a comprehensive overview and commentary on the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence. Building his narrative around general subjects covered in the exchange--God, the soul, space and time, miracles and nature, matter and force--Ezio Vailati devotes special attention to a question crucial for Leibniz and Clarke alike. Both philosophers, worried by the advance of naturalism and its consequences for morality, devised complex systems to counter naturalism and reinforce natural religion. However, they not only deeply disagreed on how to answer the naturalist threat, but they ended up seeing in each other's views the germs of naturalism itself. Vailati rigorously tracks the twists and turns of this argument, shedding important new light on a critical moment in modern philosophy. Lucid, taut, and energetically written, this book not only examines the Leibniz-Clarke debate in unprecedented depth but also situates the views advanced by the two men in the context of their principal writings. An invaluable reference to a fascinating exchange of ideas, Leibniz and Clarke makes vital reading for philosophers and historians of science and theology.
Ethical Naturalism and the Explanatory Power of Moral Concepts
Authors: Audi Robert
Published: November 2023

There are many kinds of naturalism, and several of them are important in ethics. The appeal of ethical naturalism, in any of its plausible forms, is strong: it promises ontological economy by construing normative phenomena as in some way natural; it provides for objectivity in ethics, at least assuming that there are objective methods for the study of natural phenomena; it sustains the hope that the rationality of scientific procedures can help in resolving moral issues; and it dispels the sense of mystery which, for many, beclouds other accounts of the ontology and epistemology of ethics. There are well-known obstacles to working out a naturalistic ethics. At least since Hume, many philosophers have been impressed with the argument that if moral judgments are factual, they cannot be practical in the motivational sense which full-blooded practicality is commonly felt to require; and at least since Moore, it has seemed to many philosophers that even if factual judgments can be full-bloodedly practical, moral judgments cannot be reduced to any kind of factual statement.
Acting from Virtue
Authors: Audi Robert
Published: November 2023

Virtue ethics should tell us not only what virtue is but also what constitutes acting from it. Merely to do the right thing, say from self-interest, is not to live up to a standard of virtue. But despite the extensive recent discussion of virtue ethics, the notion of acting from virtue still needs clarification. The problem is especially challenging because it straddles ethics and action theory. It cannot be solved without an adequate understanding of virtue, but the relation of actions from virtue to the virtues they express is — I shall argue — mainly a question of how such actions are to be explained. Aristotle is highly instructive on this problem and is my point of departure. It is also rewarding to consider Kant’s conception of acting from duty, construed as a case of acting from moral virtue, for instance from rectitude, and viewed as a foil for Aristotle’s notion of such action. Even if Kantian action from duty ought not to be so viewed, Kantian ethics, like any rule ethics, needs an account of something closely analogous to acting from virtue: acting from whatever rule-guided elements of character render the actions that express them morally praiseworthy. My first task will be to sketch — of necessity without doing detailed textual analysis — Aristotelian and Kantian conceptions of acting from virtue. I shall then construct a general account of acting from virtue. The final section will show how the account helps in answering an important question of general ethics: whether regularly acting from virtue — and thereby achieving the chief normative goal of virtue ethics — is sufficient for a morally good life.
Christmas Eve
Authors: Cuellar Jose Tomas De , Carson Margaret , Glantz Margo
Published: November 2023

The man selling the pifiatas arrived at the General’s “hoose” (as he called it), and since we are scrupulous historians, we should warn our readers about certain types of property transfers and bogus military titles. In this day and age, it is not uncommon to meet a general who isn’t really a general at all; and as far as “his choose” is concerned, we fancy there is plenty to be said on the subject.
The Ascent of Science
Authors: Silver Brian L
Published: November 2023

Despite the shelves of 'popular' books on quantum mechanics, the Big Bang, chaos, black holes and so on, writes Brian Silver, "the average reader finds himself in a state akin to that of a medieval peasant attending mass in a great gothic cathedral: he is awed, he knows that something terribly important is being said, but he understands very little because it's all in Latin. He takes the wafer and remains mystified." In The Ascent of Science, Silver provides a sweeping and dynamic history of the whole of Western science, from the Renaissance to the present. In it, he translates the most profoundly important, and often impenetrably obscure, scientific developments into a vernacular that is not only accessible and illuminating but highly enjoyable as well. In the tradition of Jacob Bronowski, Stephen Jay Gould, and Carl Sagan, Silver writes with extraordinary grace and sparkling wit--and with a comprehensiveness unparalleled in science writing. From the revolutionary discoveries of Galileo and Newton to the mind-bending theories of Einstein and Heisenberg; from plate tectonics to particle physics; from the origin of life to universal entropy; from biology to cosmology, Silver takes the reader on a guided tour not only of the history of science but of the very nature of scientific inquiry and its role in our society. Thus, while explaining with great clarity the scientific breakthroughs that have shaped and often shaken our world, Silver places each in a broad historical context and supplies a keen awareness of parallel developments in art, literature, music, politics and philosophy. He also argues forcefully that it is the open-mindedness of science, its ability to subject itself to continual validation, and its willingness to abandon scientific beliefs when they are undercut by new facts or better theories, that has accounted for the magnificent success of science. Silver does realize that science can have disastrous consequences--that breakthroughs in nuclear physics can lead to Hiroshimas--and he insists on a more fruitful dialogue between science and ethical philosophy, an insistence that takes on greater urgency given the current advances in genetics. But he ably defends the scientific method from recent arguments that characterize science as merely one more socially constructed and fatally flawed way of knowing, or that suggest that the Age of Science is nearing its end. Throughout the book, it is science as the height of human reason, and reason as the surest guide to truth, that enlivens the story of our emergence from ignorance and superstition to the ability to fathom the deepest mysteries of nature. For anyone interested in but intimidated by the scientific enterprise, The Ascent of Science provides a vivid history of the discipline. That it does so without diminishing either the complexity or the awe-inspiring power of science is a major accomplishment, one that opens the door to humanity's greatest intellectual adventure and reveals the many ways science has altered forever the way we see the world and ourselves.
The Stuff of Existence
Authors: Silver Brian L
Published: November 2023

We may not know exactly why rhubarb purges, but during the twentieth century we have opened up the internal world of atoms and molecules. We can build molecules that nature never dreamed of, molecules tailor-made to meet our needs. The evolution of alchemy into science accelerated dramatically following the discovery of the basic structure of the atom and the incursion of quantum mechanics into chemistry, a process initiated primarily in the 1920s and 1930s by the American scientists Gilbert Newton Lewis and Linus Pauling. In this chapter we will briefly outline the nature of the everyday material universe: the chemical elements and the molecules that can be built from them.
Scipio’s Dream
Authors: Silver Brian L
Published: November 2023

Those who are not permanently hunting for food or money have time to hunt for meaning. Philosophers, introspective adolescents, French film directors, poets, and HMS all seek an underlying or overbearing order. The search for natural order in the physical world, the drive to detect pattern, may in the end be a consequence of the computer architecture (the way our brains are wired) or of the computer software (the way our brains are programmed). Undeniably, our attempt to understand the cosmos has been driven by far more than the wish to improve our standard of living.
Making Waves
Authors: Silver Brian L
Published: November 2023

My mother taught me to enjoy light waves, my father to enjoy sound waves. My mother was the eldest of four sisters born at the turn of the century in Gomel, in what is now called Byelarus. Her earliest memory was of being hidden under an inverted tin bath in the house of an old colonel, during an attack by cossacks engaged in their national sport of slaughtering Jews. Years later, in London, I found out that when my father went to work in the East End, and I had gone to school, my mother would often take the Underground to central London and wander around the pricey, fancy art galleries.
New Ways of Thinking
Authors: Silver Brian L
Published: November 2023

The way that Bohr treated the hydrogen atom was a mixture of concepts taken from classical physics, mixed with Planck’s idea of quantization and Einstein’s concept of photons. The theory did not survive; a far more serious break with classical physics was soon to come.
The Land of Paradox
Authors: Silver Brian L
Published: November 2023

This chapter is an attempt to indicate the enchanting strangeness of quantum mechanics. We concentrate on ideas, not mathematics. We have Richard Feynman’s assurance that quantum mechanics is not the most understandable of subjects, an opinion with which the reader may well concur by the time he is halfway through the chapter.1
The Cosmos and Peeping Tom
Authors: Silver Brian L
Published: November 2023

In 1682 the writer Ihara Saikaku published his Life of an Amorous Man. Saikaku was not one to be bound by convention. In a country where the cherry blossom is almost sacred he started one story, “I was so bored with cherry blossoms that I stayed away from the capital all spring.” The flfty-four chapters of his book recount the erotic adventures of one Yonosuke, from the age of seven. By the age of fifty four, he had had encounters with 3742 women and 725 men, which is suggestive of an unstoppable attack of hiccups rather than of promiscuity.
The Impossibility of Creation
Authors: Silver Brian L
Published: November 2023

As a ten-year-old child I lay in bed and sweated out my nightly terror of death. It was not hell that worried me, but oblivion. I didn’t believe in life after death. My reason refused to be humiliated by a cowardly compromise with my fears. But in the Slough of Despond I found hope: the complete inexplicability of the Creation. l asked John Donne’s question: How can something appear out of nothing? For itf that was possible, which it appeared to be, then anything was possible-even life after death. The fear of death faded, but I remain, as most of us do, mystifled by the fact of the Creation. The Bible didn’t help me.
Getting Started in Ballet
Authors: Paskevska Anna
Published: November 2023

Many children dream of being a ballerina. Chin raised with purpose, arms high above head, they twirl clumsily around the living room and leap tirelessly in the air. Sooner or later they're bound to say, "I want to dance." Now what do you do? How do you know if the time is right? Where's the best place to start? In Getting Started in Ballet, Anna Paskevska draws from her training at the Paris Opera Ballet School and and the Royal Ballet School in London and her career as a professional dancer and teacher to offer a step-by-step introduction to dance education for parents with children starting ballet. Paskevska begins with a historical overview of dance and discusses the fundamental virtues and many life-long skills it imparts. Dance teaches children how to cooperate and support each other's efforts; encourages them to work in harmony with others; helps establish a child's spatial relationships; and promotes discipline and responsibility. Paskevska outlines the proper sequence for training in ballet based on a child's physical and mental development. She clearly demonstrates how ballet's early training, focusing on repetition of simple motion such as exercises at the barre and basic jumps, establish pathways for all later movements not only in ballet, but in modern dance, jazz, and tap as well. Written in a clear and accessible style and full of anecdotes from Paskevska's long professional dance-related career, Getting Started in Ballet offers helpful information on types of dance schools and how to select the right school for your child. Included is valuable information on choosing a dance instructor, the role both parents and teachers should play in a child's learning experience, and the qualities the ideal teacher should possess. Also discussed are more practical matters such as the appropriate clothing to wear while practicing, the importance of shoes that fit properly, how to secure pointe shoes, tips for avoiding injury, and how to balance training and performing experience during the formative years. A special chapter covers proper diet, eating disorders, and ways to recognize symptoms of imbalance. Finally, Paskevska touches upon the professional world of dance, attending college as a dance major, and advice on choosing careers that benefit from a background in dance. With forewords by Violette Verdy, a preeminent ballerina affiliated with the New York City Ballet and the Paris Opera Ballet, and Sybil Shearer, a pioneer of American modern dance, as well as an extensive appendix of performing arts schools and dance programs throughout the United States, Getting Started in Ballet gives parents the advice they need to make their child's dance experiences both enjoyable and constructive.
The Adverbial Theory
Authors: Butchvarov Panayot
Published: November 2023

In recent American philosophy, discussions of perception often contain expressions such as ‘being aware here-ly’, ‘is appeared to redly’, ‘senses redly’, ‘senses rhomboidally’, ‘sensation of the of-a-red-triangle kind’, ‘senses a-pink-cube-ly’. We owe this innovation in philosophical terminology to the so-called adverbial theory.1 But, the adverbial theory of what? The answers usually given are: of appearing, of sensing, of sense impressions, of sensation. But, as we saw in chapter 1, all these terms are suitable in this context only if understood as technical terms, of unclear sense and uncertain reference, not as they would be understood in common discourse. And the adverbial theory is precisely a theory of that which is supposed to require their introduction as technical terms and an explanation of how they should be understood. Therefore, it is not with a statement of the adverbial theory that we can begin a discussion of the adverbial theory. We must begin with the conceptual roots the theory must have in common discourse if it is to be even intelligible.
The New Healers
Authors: Clark William R
Published: November 2023

Human beings have on the order of 100,000 different genes encoding the molecules needed to build and operate the human body; defects in any one of them can lead to disastrous consequences. There are an estimated 4,000 genetic diseases, which can be every bit as devastating as the diseases caused by bacteria or viruses, and in one way they are much worse: we pass them on to our children, generation after generation after generation. The New Healers is the story of the devastation these diseases cause, and the scientific researchers and doctors who struggle to combat them. Science and medicine have provided us with clues to the treatment of a few genetic diseases, although by their very nature they have never been considered curable. But, as William R. Clark shows, that is about to change through one of the most profound revolutions in modern medicine: gene therapy, a branch of the new field of molecular medicine. Clark takes us to the laboratories which have been able to isolate human genes, to make billions of copies of them, and to reintroduce healthy genes into unfortunate individuals who have inherited damaged or functionless genes. He also shows us how this same technology, turned around on itself, can also be used to deliberately introduce "bad" genes to attack and destroy unwanted cells, such as cancer cells or those infected with the AIDS virus. Molecular medicine will be a major part of our lives in the new millennium. The New Healers outlines the powerful and compelling logic behind molecular medicine: that everything we know about molecular biology tells us that it can work, and that it will work. Clark introduces us to the scientists working now to map out the entire human genome, easily the medical equivalent of going to the moon, taking human beings to a completely new level of understanding of our biological selves. Clark also helps us to begin thinking about how we will manage that understanding, and how we will use the information we gain. The New Healers is a clear and compelling introduction to this important new frontier of human medicine, outlining for readers all the basic elements of molecular biology necessary to understand molecular medicine, and illustrating the fascinating stories of those doctors and patients already a part of this exciting future -- a future as full of promise as anything we have witnessed in this past century of remarkable progress.
Aural Skills Acquisition
Authors: Karpinski Gary S
Published: November 2023

This book is a hands-on investigation of the stages musicians go through as they learn to hear, read, and perform music. It draws on the latest research in music perception and cognition, music theory, and pedagogy, along with centuries of insight from music theorists, composers, and performers. The first part explores the development of music listening skills, including such broader activities as dictation and transcription, and specific abilities such as meter perception, short-term musical memory, and tonic inference. The second part then examines the skills involved in reading and performing music. It looks at such physical skills as vocal production and eye movements and at such complex integrated tasks as sight-singing transpositions and modulations. Throughout the book the author presents these skills in their musical contexts and emphasizes their roles in the general development of musicality. Aural Skills Acquisition builds important bridges between music theory, cognitive psychology, and pedagogy. It subjects ideas from music theory to the rigors of psychological testing and combines findings from the psychology of learning with ideas and methods of contemporary music theory. It will prove an invaluable guide for music teachers, music theorists, and psychologists interested in music perception and cognition.
The Cowboy and the Dandy
Authors: Meisel Perry
Published: November 2023

What is rock and roll and where does it come from? In this adventurous new study of music, literature, and culture, Perry Meisel shows how rock and roll joins Romanticism and the blues tradition by focusing on the preoccupation with boundaries that are common to both--the boundaries between freedom and irony, country and city, and cowboy and dandy. Meisel traces the emergence of rock and roll out of jazz and Romantic culture alike as he examines, in a series of juxtaposed chapters, rhythm and blues, Emerson and the cowboy, urban blues, the dandy and psychedelia, Willa Cather, Miles Davis, Virginia Woolf, and 1960s rock. In the process, Meisel shows how the presumable difference between high and mass or pop culture disappears when both turn out to have similar structures. He also reveals how canons emerge inevitably within all traditions rather than being imposed upon them from without.
Why We Watch
Authors: Goldstein Jeffrey
Published: November 2023

We have heard the thoughts, experiences, and experiments of a disparate group of experts regarding the extent, nature, and attractions of violent imagery. By sampling from their insights perhaps we can arrive at the state of the art.
The Touchstone of Life
Authors: Loewenstein Werner R
Published: November 2023

No one can escape a sense of wonder when looking at an organism from within. From the humblest amoeba to man, from the smallest cell organelle to the amazing human brain, life presents us with example after example of highly ordered cellular matter, precisely organized and shaped to perform coordinated functions. But where does this order spring from? How does a living organism manage to do what nonliving things cannot do--bring forth and maintain all that order against the unrelenting, disordering pressures of the universe? In The Touchstone of Life, world-renowned biophysicist Werner Loewenstein seeks answers to these ancient riddles by applying information theory to recent discoveries in molecular biology. Taking us into a fascinating microscopic world, he lays bare an all-pervading communication network inside and between our cells--a web of extraordinary beauty, where molecular information flows in gracefully interlaced circles. Loewenstein then takes us on an exhilarating journey along that web and we meet its leading actors, the macromolecules, and see how they extract order out of the erratic quantum world; and through the powerful lens of information theory, we are let in on their trick, the most dazzling of magician's acts, whereby they steal form out of formlessness. The Touchstone of Life flashes with fresh insights into the mystery of life. Boldly straddling the line between biology and physics, the book offers a breathtaking view of that hidden world where molecular information turns the wheels of life. Loewenstein makes these complex scientific subjects lucid and fascinating, as he sheds light on the most fundamental aspects of our existence.
Syndromes with Craniosynostosis: General Aspects and Well-Known Syndromes
Authors: Gorlin Robert J , Cohen M Michael , Hennekam Raoul C M
Published: November 2023

The craniosynostoses are etiologically and pathogenetically heterogeneous. Premature sutural fusion may occur alone or together with other anomalies, making up various syndromes. Over 90 syndromes are known. Several reviews are available (1–4), the most exhaustive review being that of Cohen and MacLean (4).
Syndromes of Abnormal Craniofacial Contour
Authors: Gorlin Robert J , Cohen M Michael , Hennekam Raoul C M
Published: November 2023

Anencephaly is a congenital anomaly characterized by an open neural tube in the cephalic region with an exposed mass of degenerate neural tissue on the skull floor. The cranial vault is absent, producing characteristic bulging of the eyes and absence of the neck. Both the membranous neurocranium and the chondrocranium are grossly malformed (Figs. 16–1 and 16–2). Anencephaly is classified anatomically as meroacrania if the defect does not involve the foramen magnum, holoacrania if the defect extends through the foramen magnum, and holoacrania with rachischisis if spina bifida accompanies anencephaly (31).
Syndromes with Gingival/Periodontal Components
Authors: Gorlin Robert J , Cohen M Michael , Hennekam Raoul C M
Published: November 2023

Gingival fibromatosis and its syndromes

Gingival fibromatosis may exist as an isolated abnormality due to genetic or environmental causes or as part of a syndrome (19,25,40). As an isolated finding, it is often sporadic but may exhibit autosomal dominant inheritance (34,37) or rarely autosomal recessive inheritance (21,25,35,37). There appear to be two genes on chromosome 2, one in the 2p21 p22 region and the other at 2p13–p16, that can be mutated (20,23,23a,36).
Writing Without Teachers
Authors: Elbow Peter
Published: November 2023

In Writing Without Teachers, well-known advocate of innovative teaching methods Peter Elbow outlines a practical program for learning how to write. His approach is especially helpful to people who get ‘‘stuck’’ or blocked in their writing, and is equally useful for writing fiction, poetry, and essays, as well as reports, lectures, and memos. The core of Elbow’s thinking is a challenge against traditional writing methods. Instead of editing and outlining material in the initial steps of the writing process, Elbow celebrates non-stop or free uncensored writing, without editorial checkpoints first, followed much later by the editorial process. This approach turns the focus towards encouraging ways of developing confidence and inspiration through free writing, multiple drafts, diaries, and notes. Elbow guides the reader through his metaphor of writing as ‘‘cooking:’’ his term for heating up the creative process where the subconscious bubbles up to the surface and the writing gets good. 1998 marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of Writing Without Teachers. In this edition, Elbow reexamines his program and the subsequent influence his techniques have had on writers, students, and teachers. This invaluable guide will benefit anyone, whether in the classroom, boardroom, or living room, who has ever had trouble writing.
Metaphors For Priming The Pump
Authors: Elbow Peter
Published: November 2023

This chapter contains metaphorical questions that will help you produce more ideas, perceptions, and feelings about a topic. These questions will help you see more aspects of what you want to write about and also see the limits or blind spots in your accustomed point of view. Suppose, for example, you are preparing to write a case study or report or essay about someone you have known or worked with. “Describe --- as two people and tell how these two people work together (or don’t work together).” “What would never happen to ---? If it did, what would be the result?” “Describe --- as a bad person.” “Tell the three or four most important sounds that come to mind in connection with ---.” If you try quickly answering these questions about someone you know, you will figure out things you didn’t know or only half knew before.
Writing and Magic
Authors: Elbow Peter
Published: November 2023

I seem to have drifted into a magical view of writing. In the last two chapters about experience I say that you must have a real experience for the words to have power, but it is almost as though I am saying that you must magically devour what you are writing about if you want to put a successful hex on the reader-must enter into the thing or merge your soul with the soul of the thing. In the two voice chapters I say you must be in the right relationship with yourself, but it is almost as though I am saying you must purify yourself in a blameless holy rite or else your words will not have grace. When you have gotten all the steps right in the magic dance, bang, your words have life, they “take.” When you miss some step in the dance, you can’t find the right words, or else you find the right words, but they lack inner juice and just buzz buzz fog static in the reader’s head. I seem to talk, in short, as though what’s important is not the set of words on the page-the only thing that the reader ever encounters-but rather something not on the page, something the reader never encounters, namely the writer’s mental/spiritual/characterological condition or the way she wrote down the words. A given set of words can be powerful or weak, can “take” or not take, as with a potion, according to whether the writer did the right dance or performed correctly some other purification ceremony before writing them down.
The New Cultural “War” And The French Musical World
Authors: Fulcher Jane F
Published: November 2023

Few historians of France would dispute that the political landscape experienced seismic shifts in the traumatic, tumultuous period during and after the Dreyfus Affair; a new range of political tactics, comportments, practices, and actors made their debut in-to switch to an equally apt metaphor-the new “theater” of French politics. Now making their dramatic appearance on the national stage in this seminal period were political leagues and parties, new social groups, and new forms of propaganda.1 It is one particular variety of the latter that demands our special attention here because its impact on the musical world in France was to be direct and profound: born in the wake of the Affair, its nexus was the milieu of those defeated-those who refused to capitulate in the struggle for the principles they had defined in the course of the conflict. With the triumphant Third Republic stolidly in control of political discourse, the cynosure of their propagandistic effort henceforth was culture and, above all, the arts.
Proliferating Factions, Issues, and Skirmishes
Authors: Fulcher Jane F
Published: November 2023

Between 1905 and World War I France experienced the increasing politicization of almost all fields of culture, together with a proliferation of ideological groupings and political factions. The year 1905 marked the ending of the resolutely anticlerical Combes ministry, the legal separation of Church and state, and a new collaboration of Radicals and Moderates in the government. With the evolution of the political situation, existing groups shifted their cultural emphasis, while others entered the dialogue, introducing new social goals and their own aesthetic conceptions. Movements of both the Right and the Left quickly learned how to use French culture to expand the political debate and to communicate their distinctive political visions; they also introduced new means of infiltrating various cultural realms, which resulted in an even more thorough “occupation” of the arts in France. As cultural ideologies, discourses, and tactics proliferated among competing French political factions, so did musical ideologies, along with associated musical programs. Now the boundaries between political initiatives using music and those belonging to the “professional world” grew vague, and frequently French musicians crossed the lines.
Interfaces in Oxide Fiber-Oxide Matrix Ceramic Composites
Authors: Goettler Richard W , Sambasivan Sankar , Dravid Vinayak , Kim Steve
Published: November 2023

For fiber reinforced ceramic composites to perform appropriately, i.e., to exhibit high fracture toughness and large strains-to-failure, there must be weak bonding along the fiber-matrix interface. This weak bonding allows interfacial debonding to occur in the presence of the stress field created at the front of a propagating crack. This interfacial debonding allows crack deflection along the fiber and an effective blunting of the crack. In addition, the interfacial debonding allows frictional sliding to occur between the fiber and the matrix leading to high fracture toughness of the material.
Specific Counseling Situations and Counselees
Authors: Weil Jon
Published: November 2023

The previous chapters present a general approach to the theory and practice of genetic counseling. This chapter discusses specific counseling situations and categories of counselees.

Prenatal diagnosis counseling represents a substantial proportion of the total reported genetic counseling caseload, and it is the primary professional focus of many genetic counselors (Schneider & Kalkbrenner, 1998). It is characterized by a reasonably well defined sequence of steps and decision points. These, rather than previously discussed principles, are the primary focus of this section.

The purpose of preprocedure counseling is to provide both the information and the psychosocial support upon which an informed decision can be made concerning whether or not to have prenatal diagnosis.
The Ethnocultural Imperative
Authors: Weil Jon
Published: November 2023

As with all aspects of life, health care beliefs and practices, reproductive decisions, and the meanings attributed to children and family are profoundly influenced by the culture of the individuals involved and by counselees’ experiences as members of ethnocultural communities. Thus, consideration of the psychosocial aspects of genetic counseling must take culture and ethnic identity into account. The perspectives of the preceding chapters are based primarily on the dominant culture of the United States. Thus, they include, although not without discussion, such fundamental assumptions as the primacy of scientific understanding and the control of natural processes and the potentially healing value of expressing and sharing emotional experiences with professional health care providers. However, these and myriad other values and beliefs relevant to genetic counseling are not, in fact, common to all cultures and communities. It is a principle of fundamental fairness in human interactions and equity in the provision of genetic counseling services that genetic counselors be sensitive to and knowledgeable about ethnocultural issues and be competent in working with individuals from diverse backgrounds.
Soil Structural and Other Physical Properties
Authors: Elliott Edward T , Heil Justin W , Kelly Eugene F , Monger H Curtis
Published: November 2023

Soil structure influences ecosystem processes by controlling the storage and flow of water, gases, and heat, by controlling the availability of nutrients, and by providing the spatial habitat for organisms. Soil structure can be characterized in terms of particles and their arrangements, their strength of aggregation, and pore space characteristics. Many soil processes are highly correlated with bulk density, such as water infiltration and movement, heat transfer, aeration, and root penetrability. Particle size distributions affect water storage, heat transfer, and structural stability. Analyses of soil aggregation provide information on microbial activity, since microbial activity contributes to building and maintaining the structural stability of soils. Measurements of water-filled pore space are used to estimate limitations to microbial activity.
Reflections on Philosophy and Religion
Authors: Donagan Alan
Published: November 2023

This book contains the collected papers of Alan Donagan on topics in the philosophy of religion. Donagan was respected as a leading figure in American moral philosophy. His untimely death in 1991 prevented him from collecting his philosophical reflections on religion, particularly Christianity, and its relation to ethics and other concerns. This collection, therefore, constitutes the fullest expression of Donagan’s thought on Christianity and ethics, in which it is possible to discern the outlines of a coherent, overarching theory. Editor Anthony Perovich has supplied a useful introduction, which brings Donagan’s work into focus and brings out the unifying themes in the essays.
Science Unlimited?
Authors: Hempel Carl G , Fetzer James H
Published: November 2023

Our age is often called an age of science, and with good reason: the advances made during the past few centuries by the natural sciences and more recently by psychology and the social sciences have vastly broadened our knowledge and deepened our understanding of the world we live in and of our fellow men; and the basic soundness of the insights achieved by science is eloquently attested to by the striking success of their applications, both constructive and destructive, which have radically changed the quality of life on our planet and have left their characteristic imprint on every aspect of contemporary civilization. Contemplating the increasingly rapid expansion of scientific knowledge, one may well wonder how far this process can continue; whether all questions about the world can ultimately be answered by scientific inquiry, or whether there are absolute limits beyond which scientific knowledge and understanding can never go. This is the problem to be considered in my essay.
Hempel on the Problem of Induction
Authors: Hilpinen Risto
Published: November 2023

In the philosophical study of induction, no task is of greater importance than that of giving a clear characterization of inductive procedures: only when this has been done can the problem of justification significantly be raised.
Vodou Imagery, African American Tradition,and Cultural Transformation in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God
Authors: Lamothe Daphne
Published: November 2023

Zora nealf hurston wrote Their Eyes Were Watching God in 1937 while in Haiti collecting folklore on Vodou.1 A year later, she published Tell My Horse, which documents the findings from that expedition. While the history of these publications suggests that, for Hurston, folklore and fiction converge in Haiti, few critics have adequately explored that juncture. Most acknowledge Hurston’s interest in Haitian Vodou, but their analyses of the impact of this belief system on her work frequently do not extend beyond perfunctory glosses. A notable exception is Ellease Southerland’s essay “The Influence of Voodoo on the Fiction of Zora Neale Hurston,” published in the 1979 collection Sturdy Black Bridges.  2
Justifying the Moral Rules The Second Five
Authors: Gert Bernard
Published: November 2023

The five rules that were discussed in the last chapter do not account for all of the moral judgments that are made about what is morally required and prohibited. Although all of these rules, “Do not kill,” “Do not cause pain,” “Do not disable,” “Do not deprive of freedom,” and “Do not deprive of pleasure,” are justified general moral rules, they are not the only rules toward which all impartial rational persons would take the moral attitude. In fact, these rules include only two of the original seven explicit moral rules listed in chapter 5. Three of the general moral rules justified in the previous chapter, “Do not disable,” “Do not deprive of freedom,” and “Do not deprive of pleasure,” were not even listed as explicit moral rules. However, this is not in any way disturbing, for disabling a person or depriving him of freedom or of pleasure is considered by all to be immoral unless justified. These rules were always implicit moral rules. Further, these three rules share all the other relevant characteristics of “Do not kill” and “Do not cause pain,” except having been listed as explicit moral rules.
The Ostrich Factor
Authors: Hardin Garrett
Published: November 2023

Garrett Hardin, one of our leading thinkers on problems of human overpopulation, here assails the recklessness and basic ecological ignorance of economists and others who champion the idea of unbounded growth. Hardin delivers an uncompromising critique of mainstream economic thinking. Science has long understood the limits of our environment, he notes, and yet economists consistently turn a blind eye to one feature we share with all of our planet's inhabitants--the potential for irreversible environmental damage through overcrowding. And as humankind draws ever closer to its goal of conquering our final natural enemy--disease--the fallacy of sustainable unchecked population growth becomes more and more dangerous. Moreover, Hardin argues, rampant growth will soon force us to face many issues that we will find quite unpalatable--most notably, that since volunteer population control will not work, we will have to turn to "democratic coercion" or "mutual coercion, mutually agreed upon" to limit growth, a policy that directly threatens long cherished personal rights. Challenging an array of powerful taboos, Hardin takes aim at sacred cows on both sides of the political fence--affirmative action, multiculturalism, current immigration policies, and the greed and excess of big business and "growth intoxicated industrialists." Hardin's forceful and cogent argument for the union of ecology and economics is a must for anyone concerned with the goal of a bountiful, yet sustainable world. Sure to spark controversy, this book underscores the urgency of our situation and reveals practical steps we must take to ensure the long term survival of humankind.
Tertullian’s Blessing
Authors: Hardin Garrett
Published: November 2023

Mark Twain defined a classic as “a book that people praise and don’t read.” The treatment received by Malthus’s Essay on Population during the past century suggests a somewhat perverse redefinition: “a book that people call discredited without bothering to read it.” For more than a century Malthus’s essay has been a discredited, oft-cited, and rarely read book.
Altruism
Authors: Hardin Garrett
Published: November 2023

Natural selection is an inescapable default position of all biology, and as such calls for no experimental proof. Would human beings with six fingers per hand be superior to those with five? If this were so, six-fingeredness would soon be the norm of the species. In truth, we deduce natural selection from whatever exists. By definition, inferior (as determined by the environment) cannot replace superior, whether we like it or not. With our domesticated animals and plants, we define superior in a way that suits us and then select for a constellation of genes that might not long survive under human-free, wild conditions. (High-producing milk cows haven’t a chance of survival when turned loose in a wild area with predators, diseases, and competing species of ungulates.)
Diseconomies of Scale: Ostrich Myopia
Authors: Hardin Garrett
Published: November 2023

In the investigation of altruism (chapter 8) we found that the size of an interacting group affects the behavior of its members. In social animals generally-certainly among Homo sapiens—size must always be taken into account in predicting a group’s behavior. The ancient Greeks were well aware of this: in recommending democracy as the preferred form of government, they were thinking of about 5,000 active citizens. (Their theory arbitrarily ignored slaves and partially disenfranchised classes.)