bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Item Difficulty Analyses of Exams Used in Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language with Instructors’ Perceptions of Item Difficulty
Authors: Keskin Funda , Alaca Seçil
Published: December 2024

In numerous studies focusing on assessment and evaluation of teaching Turkish as a foreign language, researchers have frequently identified issues related to the standardization and low validity and reliability of exams. Addressing these issues and investigating the underlying causes is paramount. Given the development of assessment tools by Turkish language teaching centers are typically the responsibility of instructors, it is essential to understand their perspectives regarding these tools. This study aimed to evaluate the perceptions of instructors concerning item difficulty in the context of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. Initially, item analyses were conducted on reading tests included in assessment tools designed by a Turkish language teaching center for B1, B2, and C1 proficiency levels. Instructors from various Turkish language teaching centers were asked to evaluate item difficulty through a prepared questionnaire. Data regarding instructors educational backgrounds, experiences, and involvement in exam creation were collected. Various analytical methods were employed to examine and interpret the obtained data. Item analysis results of examined tests were compared with instructors' perceptions of difficulty using fit analysis. Accuracy of instructors' item difficulty estimates was calculated for each instructor using Error Matrix, and success rates determined. To identify the effects of instructors' characteristics on item difficulty estimation, t-test and ANOVA analyses were performed. These analyses results were interpreted alongside item analyses, and recommendations provided to enhance the assessment and evaluation literacy of instructors teaching Turkish as a foreign language.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Labor Migration and Migration Policy in Central Asian Countries
Authors: Ryazantsev Sergey , Nurov Behruz
Published: December 2024

The research aims to determine the impact that the global COVID-19 pandemic had on labor migrants and the migration policy in Central Asian countries. During the research, the authors use statistical and sociological methods. Thus, the authors determine the number of arrivals and departures for a particular period, the composition of migrants, and the migration direction. The restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated many issues of migration from Central Asia and the situation of migrants in Russia. If the impact of COVID-19 restrictions continues and the income of migrants continues to decrease, migration participants will be forced to take emergency measures by actively returning to their homeland. Under these conditions, socio-economic tension in the donor countries may grow. The research establishes that the existing sanitary and epidemiological restrictions could contribute to the transformation of migration processes in the countries of Central Asia, including the reorientation of labor migrant flows to new directions and the strengthening of the tendency to receive the right to obtain a Russian passport. The authors propose several practical recommendations to reduce the negative impact of the pandemic on the migration processes in Central Asia. As the research shows, creating and developing new jobs in Central Asian countries is an issue of prime necessity, as is a high dependence of the economy on remittances from migrant workers.
Migration Processes in Germany: Features and Trends
Authors: Nadezhdin Alexander
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the current migration processes in Germany. The country continues to act as a point of attraction for both foreign labor resources and potential refugees from crisis regions. The increase in the scale of irregular migration faced by Germany stimulates the emergence of new security risks for the state and citizens. The current situation requires the ruling elites to promptly adapt the management mechanisms to changing realities. In addition to solutions related to improving national approaches to the migration track, Berlin's international and interregional cooperation with EU member states through law enforcement agencies and border services, which is aimed at curbing cross-border crime and related illegal migration, is in demand. The German experience in this area can be studied by similar structures of other states. Special attention is paid to the study of transformations of the political landscape under the influence of a complex of internal and external socio-economic factors, including migration processes. The results of the regional election campaigns in 2023 and especially in the autumn of 2024 indicate an expansion of electoral support for non-systemic political forces against the background of a continuing decline in the level of public confidence in the current leadership of the state and a deepening crisis of so called “traditional parties”. The main beneficiary is the “Alternative for Germany” party, whose successes are not local and random but indicate the demand for its program installations among the electorate. The author attempts to identify possible options for the development of the internal political situation in the state, considering the migration factor, including in the context of parliamentary elections in 2025.
Modeling the Socio-Economic and Demographic Development of Transborder Regions (The Example of the Russian-Chinese Border Territories)
Authors: Wang Lei , Karabulatova Irina , Zou Jinna
Published: December 2024

The main goal is to consider the problem of modeling cross–border innovations in the Russian-Chinese border area and to develop priority areas in the field of strategic planning of international cooperation in foreign economic public discourse. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research uses the methodological holism of digital humanities, including a new interpretation of works on economic sociology and demography, international division of labor and cooperation, cognitive modeling and mapping, political science, social economics and foreign economic media linguistics, regional studies, Russian and Chinese studies, discursology, machine learning and semantic analysis. The main objectives of the study are to identify semantic vertices in the strategic infrastructure of the cross-border region of Russia and China with modeling of the upper-level architecture with the sequential disclosure of individual sublevels and blocks with parameterizing markers, which allows us to determine the emphasis on the carrier modules in the proposed model. The results of the work result in the development of links in the innovative system of international cooperation based on the theory of metagraphs in order to improve the efficiency of international cross-border transport routes of various types in the Russian-Chinese border area.
Methodological Aspects of Studying the Socio-Demographic Situation at the Municipal Level (The Example of the Irkutsk Re-gion and the Republic of Buryatia)
Authors: Miryazov Timur
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the socio-demographic situation in the regions of the Baikal region at the municipal level. The purpose of the study is to evaluate possible methodological approaches for studying the socio–demographic situation in the regions of Russia, to analyze the socio-demographic situation in the regions under consideration. The paper reviewed the experience of studying the socio-demographic situation at the regional and municipal levels, analyzed approaches to the term and presented the author’s definition. The most important task of the study was to assess the feasibility of using such an integrated approach in the study of regions. The work used data from the Federal State Statistics Service at the municipal level. To calculate the index of the socio-demographic situation, indicators of the population and the level of development of the social sphere were selected. The calculation of the complex indicator of the socio-demographic situation was carried out for each municipality in the period from 2013 to 2022. A comparative analysis of the territories allowed us to identify several groups according to this indicator. The use of the cartographic method to display the results of the study made it possible to assess the dependence of the socio-demographic situation on the geographical location – climatic conditions, the degree of development of transport infrastructure. The methodology adopted in the work gives a certain idea of the socio-demographic situation, but it also has several disadvantages. In general, it seems promising to refine such an indicator, since there is a direct dependence of demographic development on the level of development of the social sphere. Of particular interest in this regard will be the development of a multifactorial index. Thus, the economic and geographical location of the territories also has an impact on social development. In addition, the use of statistical data alone does not allow for a full assessment of the situation on the ground. In this case, it is possible to use the data of sociological research.
Dekonstrukcja rytualnych wypowiedzi z rosyjskiego dyskursu politycznego w parodiach internetowych
Authors: Jankowicz Agata
Published: December 2024

Artykuł dotyczy zjawiska dekonstrukcji rosyjskiego dyskursu politycznego we współczesnych parodiach audiowizualnych. Podstawowym celem tekstu jest identyfikacja i analiza technik stosowanych przez parodystów w celu dekonstrukcji wybranych środków językowych wykorzystywanych w wypowiedziach rytualnych pochodzących z rosyjskiego dyskursu politycznego. Za materiał posłużyły rosyjskojęzyczne audiowizualne utwory parodystyczne publikowane na YouTube. Badanie polega na wyjawieniu intertekstualnych powiązań pomiędzy oryginalnymi wypowiedziami rosyjskich polityków i tekstami parodystycznymi, określeniu cech dyskursu politycznego poddanych parodii, analizie technik modyfikacji i określeniu funkcji tych transformacji. Artykuł obrazuje sposób, w jaki parodie odzwierciedlają idee ukryte pod warstwą werbalną wypowiedzi, uczestnicząc w konstruowaniu krytyki politycznej.
Składniowo niesamodzielne syntagmatyczne części mowy we współczesnym śląskim języku literackim (przyimki, spójniki, relatory, partykuły)
Authors: Jaroszewicz Henryk
Published: December 2024

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i krótkie omówienie wybranych składniowo niesamodzielnych części mowy współczesnego języka śląskiego — przyimków, spójników, relatorów i partykuł. Za materiał badawczy do zaprezentowania poszczególnych części mowy posłużył korpus językowy (453 000 słów), na który składają się pełne teksty jedenastu noweli i zbiorów opowiadań opublikowanych śląszczyzną po 2016 roku. Analiza pozwoliła na stwierdzenie częstego występowania homonimii, szczególnie wśród relatorów i spójników. Zauważono również, że dużo częściej spotyka się formy używane wspólnie przez śląskich pisarzy niż indywidualizmy i efemerydy (około 85%). Badanie potwierdziło odrębny charakter śląskiej leksyki, wciąż bazującej na dialektach lokalnych. Wpływ standardowej polszczyzny na system śląskich przyimków, spójników, relatorów i partykuł jest niewielki.
An Algorithm for Planning Information Exchange Based on On-Board Resource-Saving Data Preprocessing Using the Bayesian Approach
Authors: Basyrov Aleksandr , Fakhro Fayruz
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The substantiation, content and research of the algorithm for planning resource-saving information exchange in conditions of a priori uncertainty of the quality of transmitted data is presented. The formulation of the task of planning information exchange is given, taking into account the analysis of data quality. The results of simulation modeling of information exchange processes using the considered algorithm are reflected. The proposed algorithm can be used to organize data transmission in distributed real-time information systems with limited energy and time resources.
SOME FINDINGS ON THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF GENERATION Z YOUTH IN TÜRKİYE
Authors:   Inonu University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Malatya, Türkiye, Akyol Ender
Published: December 2024

In recent years, there has been significant interest in generational studies across various disciplines of social sciences. Particularly, the political participation behaviors and voting tendencies of individuals known as Generation Z have drawn the attention of both academicians and political decision-makers. However, in Türkiye, studies examining the relationship between generational voter tendencies and political participation preferences are limited and are generally conducted on a regional or educational basis, focusing on specific provinces, regions, or schools. Based on the assumption that a descriptive and explanatory study on the general political participation tendencies of Generation Z in Türkiye is needed, this research was designed. The study considered citizens living in Türkiye as the population, and a representative sample was determined. Since the variable in question would be measured at the societal level, the sample was distributed at the NUTS II level. To achieve a representative sample, a minimum size of 417 was calculated with a ±3% margin of error at a 95% confidence level. Accounting for potential missing data, the sample size was increased to 500. The sample included 26 provinces and 31 districts from Level 2 of Türkiye's Statistical Regional Units Classification. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences), focusing on the general voter tendencies of Generation Z. The analyses included reliability analysis, frequency analysis, chi-square tests, and difference tests. The findings revealed that 85.8% of participants were not members of any political party, and 67.4% did not believe in solving problems through politics. Furthermore, 41.6% identified themselves as sympathetic voters, while 34.2% considered party leadership important in voting decisions. Additionally, 66.2% of respondents stated that Türkiye needs a new political party, and 60.6% expressed support for a return to the parliamentary system.
A Turkish Patient with Spastic Paraplegia Type 4 with a De Novo Missense Mutation in the SPAST Gene
Authors: Atlı Emine İkbal , Gurkan Hakan , Atlı Engin
Published: December 2024

Spastic paraplegia type 4 is a common type of autosomal-dominant pure hereditary spastic paraplegia that is brought on by variations in the SPAST gene. In this investigation, the SPAST genotype and clinical phenotype of a Turkish SPG4 patient were analyzed in an effort to provide additional genetic evidence for the pathophysiology of HSP. The clinical data of the proband and his family members were collected. After complete genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood, whole-exome sequencing technology was used to identify genes and analyze the pathogenicity of variants. Variants suspected of being pathogenic were found. Within this family, Sanger sequencing was used for verification. The sequencing of SPAST revealed a de novo missense c.1496G > A (p.Arg499His) and missense MEFV c.2177T>C (p.Val726Ala) variants. The parents and paternal relatives did not have the SPAST mutation. De novo variants of the c.1496G > A mutation in SPAST can arise at notably high frequencies. We discussed the case of a Turkish patient and examined the clinical characteristics of patients with the p.Arg499His variation in SPAST that have been documented in the literature. There is growing evidence that the p.Arg499His missense mutation in SPAST may be linked to early-onset HSP. The majority of pathogenic mutations were found in the protein's AAA domain, according to analysis of SPAST sequences; this may be closely related to the pathophysiology of SPG4. The results of this investigation may broaden the range of therapeutic applications for the p.Arg499His mutation in SPAST and offer a chance to investigate the genotype-phenotype relationship of SPG4 in more detail.
Microplastics in Southern Ocean sea ice: a pan-Antarctic perspective
Authors: Kelly Anna , Rodemann Thomas , Meiners Klaus M. , Auman Heidi J. , Moreau Sebastien , Fripiat Francois , Dellile Bruno , Lannuzel Delphine
Published: December 2024

Microplastic (MP; plastic particles < 5 mm) pollution is pervasive in the marine environment, including remote polar environments. This study provides the first pan-Antarctic survey of MP pollution in Southern Ocean sea ice by analyzing sea ice cores from several diverse Antarctic regions. Abundance, chemical composition, and particle size data were obtained from 19 archived ice core samples. The cores were melted, filtered, and chemically analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and 4,090 MP particles were identified. Nineteen polymer types were found across all samples, with an average concentration of 44.8 (± 50.9) particles·L-1. Abundance and composition varied with ice type and geographical location. Pack ice exhibited significantly higher particle concentrations than landfast ice, suggesting open ocean sources of pollution. Winter sea ice cores had significantly more MPs than spring and summer-drilled cores, suggesting ice formation processes play a role in particle incorporation. Smaller particles dominated across samples. Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) were the most common polymers, mirroring those most identified across marine habitats. Higher average MP concentrations in developing sea ice during autumn and winter, contrasting lower levels observed in spring and summer, suggest turbulent conditions and faster growth rates are likely responsible for the increased incorporation of particles. Southern Ocean MP contamination likely stems from both local and distant sources. However, the circulation of deep waters and long-range transport likely contribute to the accumulation of MPs in regional gyres, coastlines, and their eventual incorporation into sea ice. Additionally, seasonal sea ice variations likely influence regional polymer compositions, reflecting the MP composition of the underlying waters.
Government efforts and shortcomings in elevating indigenous languages in South Africa over 30 years: A systematic review
Authors: Sokani Andile
Published: December 2024

This systematic review examines the initiatives and challenges faced by the South African government in promoting indigenous languages following the end of apartheid. This study evaluates progress, identifies barriers, and offers recommendations for future policy and practice. A systematic literature review approach was utilised to analyse government policies and initiatives aimed at promoting indigenous languages from 1994 to 2024. Searches conducted in electronic databases utilised terms such as "South Africa indigenous languages." The inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed articles, government reports, and policy documents that concentrate on language revitalisation initiatives. Findings reveal ongoing challenges stemming from historical marginalisation and systemic obstacles associated with colonial and apartheid-era policies. Indigenous languages, despite being constitutionally recognised, encounter significant implementation gaps, resource limitations, and societal attitudes that impede their incorporation into education, governance, and media. Recommendations emphasise the importance of improved policy implementation via augmented funding, initiatives for educational capacity-building, and the promotion of indigenous languages in media and public discourse. Addressing negative societal attitudes and promoting cultural pride is crucial for fostering linguistic inclusivity and preserving the diverse linguistic heritage of South Africa.
Social media usage determinants across demographic characteristics of mobile network users in Zimbabwe
Authors: Matema Simbarashe Cowen , Kallier-Tar Safura M. , Cant Michael
Published: December 2024

The study sought to establish the primary determinants of social media usage among mobile network users in Zimbabwe, and how do these determinants vary across different demographic characteristics, including age, gender, education, income, and occupation. A descriptive research design was used in this study. A self-administered face-to-face personal survey was used to collect data from the consumers. The population in this study was made up of mobile consumers of the mobile network providers, Econet, NetOne, and Telecel in Harare Province, aged between 18 and 64 years. Convenience sampling technique, was used to select the mobile network consumers to participate in the study drawn from the three mobile operators. A sample of 384 respondents was chosen for the study. The result indicated that male respondents demonstrated a stronger perception of the effects of social media engagement on social media usage and truthfulness as a determinant of social media usage among the 18 to 25 age group and the 34 to 41 age group was different. Respondents with secondary education only demonstrated stronger perceptions of the effect of perceived usefulness on social media usage than degree holders’ respondents. Formally employed respondents had a stronger perception of the effects of social media influence on social media usage compared to students. The analysis of the study results further indicated that respondents who earned less than $2000 was significantly less than the mean score for the group which earned between $3001- 4000. The study concluded that male consumers have a stronger perception of the effects of social media engagement on social media usage, the consumers in the 18 to 25 age group have stronger perceptions of truthfulness of information, holders of certificates have a stronger perception of the effects of cost effectiveness on social media usage and formally employed consumers have a stronger perception of the effects of social media influence on social media usage compared to students. Creation of social media content helps the mobile network operators to adapt, design and develop social media content specifically targeted to specific ages, gender, occupations, and income levels on social media sites.  Mobile network operators can use the results of the study to choose a social media channel that speak to the right demographic consumers who visit their platforms.
Efektifkah Kenaikan Tarif Cukai Rokok Elektrik Cair Sistem Terbuka bagi Industri Rokok Elektrik?
Authors: Yunani Ahmad , Muzdalifah Muzdalifah , Lestari Haifa
Published: December 2024

Liquid e-cigarettes have become a popular new form of addictive tobacco products. The increasing prevalence of e-cigarette and smoking behaviors has led the government to increase tobacco tax rates every year. While this policy boosts state revenues, it also poses challenges for conventional and e-cigarette businesses, including tobacco farmers. Excise tariffs for liquid e-cigarettes are divided into open and closed system types, with the method of filling the liquid is the key distinction. Users can manually refill the open system, the closed system cannot be refilled. Despite both containing cigarette liquid, the percentage of raising excise taxes is higher for the open system than the closed system. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the increase of excise taxes on business competition between open and closed systems of liquid e-cigarettes. Using descriptive analysis, literature review, and a basic quantitative approach, this study found that differences in excise tax rates on e-cigarettes encourage competition and create unequal treatments. The higher excise tax on open systems has created a polemic in sustainability of small entrepreneurs in the tobacco sector. The role of the government as a regulator is very important in ensuring fair and responsive policies in order to create conducive business competition between open and closed system liquid e-cigarettes.
Kajian Dampak Restorasi Mangrove Terhadap Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Teluk Pambang Kecamatan Bantan Kabupaten Bengkalis Provinsi Riau
Authors: Berutu Nurmala , Yenny Novida , Sidauruk Tumiar , Permana Sendi , Harefa Meilinda Suryani , Tuhono Eling , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: December 2024

Restoring degraded mangrove ecosystems is crucial in order to enhance the sustainability of coastal ecosystem environments, conserve biodiversity, and provide social, economic, and environmental benefits to communities. The objective of this research is to examine how mangrove restoration activities can contribute positively to the socio-economic livelihoods of the community in Teluk Pambang, Bengkalis Regency. The study was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach and implemented in early November 2023. Data was collected in multiple ways, such as observation and documentation. The results showed that mangrove restoration activities provided several impacts. First, it was good for increasing community knowledge and understanding of the function and role of mangroves in coastal conservation efforts. After that, it enhanced community empowerment through the formation of agricultural groups such as Belukap and Langgadai, with 62.50% of group members actively participating in restoration activities from land clearing to planting stages. Finally, mangrove restoration activities conducted in Teluk Pambang village contributed positively to increasing the income of community members. Certainly, restoration activities have been perceived as highly beneficial in helping meet the daily needs of the families of agricultural group members. Therefore, it is hoped that the mangrove restoration efforts in Teluk Pambang village can be done sustainably.
Do Cashless Transactions and Credit Distribution Affect Inflation in Indonesia?
Authors: Firmansyah Muhammad , Boedirochminarni Arfida , Riyanto Wahyu Hidayat , Tsalasa Arini Roro Anggun
Published: December 2024

The relationship between credit and non-cash transactions includes various mechanisms that affect the money supply, ultimately increasing inflation. One way to control inflation is to maintain the circulation of money. This study provides an understanding of the impact of these transactions on inflation, especially in Indonesia. It aims to test whether cashless transactions, working capital credit, and consumer credit significantly affect Indonesia's inflation rate in both the short and long term. This study was quantitative in nature. It involved statistical analysis techniques through the Error Correction Model (ECM), t-test analysis, and F-test to determine the effect of independent variables on dependent variables both partially and simultaneously. The results revealed that cashless transactions, working capital credit, and consumer credit had a positive and significant effect on the inflation rate in Indonesia in both the short and long term. These results suggest that a more in-depth approach to economic policy is needed, especially focusing on the synergy between fiscal policy, technological developments, and inflation dynamics.
PINOY TELLS: THE TYPOLOGY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES
Authors: Quinto Joseph , Cacanindin Manilyn
Published: December 2024

Despite numerous studies about language learning strategies (LLSs), many learners still misunderstand their effectiveness, thinking they require too much effort for minimal gain. Additionally, students have varied and conflicting preferences for LLSs, and factors like cultural background influence their choices, indicating a need for more research on how these elements affect learning behaviors. It is, therefore, essential to address students' perceptions and use of LLSs to ensure effective language learning. This study developed an inventory of English language learning strategies for Filipino college and university students. Using a cross-sectional exploratory sequential design, the researchers collected qualitative data from 544 Filipino university students to understand their language learning experiences and preferences, afterward developing the Typology of English Language Learning Strategies (TELLS) questionnaire through a validated thematic analysis consisting of three key components: intellective (acquiring and meaning-making), affective (information processing and acclimating), and productive (technological utilization, filtering, practicing, and validating). In the quantitative phase, 502 Filipino undergraduate respondents identified the most frequently used strategies. The results revealed that these learners commonly employed most components within the typology, except for the Practicing Productive Component. This research significantly contributes to the understanding of English language learning strategies among Filipino students. It provides a valuable resource for educators, curriculum designers, and language learning practitioners by developing an empirically validated typology tailored to students' needs and preferences. The findings also suggest avenues for future research, such as examining the relationship between TELLS components and language proficiency outcomes or exploring the implementation of TELLS in language learning.
EXPLORING THE LANDSCAPE OF JOB CRAFTING IN TEACHER EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Dağtaş Aysun , Zaimoğlu Senem , Toköz Fatma
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on the positive role of job crafting, which is basically adjusting practices to best suit the needs of the employee and the stakeholders. Specifically, in the educational sector, job crafting has been an under-researched area of inquiry; therefore, some of its effects and potential for positive interventions are still being reviewed. With the teaching environment constantly changing over time due to developments in technology and movement toward globalization in the United States, there have been requirements for teachers to job craft—that is, craft their jobs according to the demands of new roles. The following research explicates how job crafting could be regarded as one of the positive ways through which the well-being and motivation of teachers may be increased, impacting student outcomes positively in turn. It will explore how teachers perceive their roles and how job crafting is undertaken within schools. The literature shows that job crafting has positive results and that allowing educators some degree of autonomy and collaboration to meet new demands is essential and must be addressed in teacher education programs.
The method of calculation and research of dynamic loads and energy losses during the operation of the lifting mechanism of the overhead crane
Authors: Nyezhentsev Oleksiy , Kravchenko Oleksandr , Boiko Hryhorii , Tsymbalenko Ihor
Published: December 2024

The object of the study is overhead cranes.The work solves the problem of reducing dynamic loads and energy consumption of cargo lifting cranes thanks to the improvement of the method of calculating energy losses and dynamic loads during the lifting period. The mathematical model of the crane takes into account all the main parameters of the electromechanical system "drive - metal structure - load".A methodology has been developed for the study of dynamic loads and energy losses during the operation of the lifting mechanism of overhead cranes. The results of the study of dynamic loads and energy losses by overhead cranes with a load capacity of 5 tons with spans from 19.5 to 31.5 m depending on the height of the load, weight of the load, span of the crane and other factors are presented, which made it possible to increase the accuracy of calculations by 13-25%.The analysis of research results showed that energy losses largely depend on the lifting height, the weight of the load, the mechanical characteristics of the electric drive, the moment of inertia of the electric motor rotor and the couplings on the high-speed shaft.Research results can be applied in calculations, design and operation of overhead cranes.
Determination of influence factores and stress concentration factor for express strength calculations of single-cut bolted connections of layered composite plates. Message 1
Authors: Rudakov Konstantin , Dyfuchyn Yurii
Published: December 2024

When designing bolted joints (BJ), it is necessary, in particular, to carry out their verification calculations for strength.  At the same time, it is desirable to use express analysis: calculations by simple formulas of sufficient accuracy. For BJ of plates made of layered polymer composite materials (PCM), the problem has not been solved yet.
Objective. To revise, to rethink and structure the formulas for the express calculation of the maximum stress when the hole is in contact with a rigid cylinder (bolt). Carry out a review on contrasting examples of materials and schemes of PCM plate reinforcement, taking into account possible lateral bolt/hole clearances in a practically relevant range, based on previously obtained and new results.
Numerical calculations were carried out using the finite element method (contact problem) for the BJ plate made of laminated PCM. 3D orthotropy of each monolayer was assumed. Several simple express analysis formulas were checked, and their structuring was carried out. The results are summarized in a table, illustrations are given.
Five factores influencing the value of the maximum tensile stress near the hole in the laminated PCM plate are separated. Numerical estimates were obtained that characterize the degree of influence on the stress concentration on the surface of the hole: material characteristics, reinforcement scheme, and bolt/hole gap sizes in the laminated PCM plate, as well as the accuracy of the considered formulas.
A change in the material and scheme of reinforcement of the layered PCM leads to a significant change in the values ​​of the maximum stresses and stress concentration factor (SCF) in the bolt-loaded hole in the cross-section of the plate weakened by the hole. The considered express analysis formulas have insufficient accuracy for contrasting cases of materials and plate reinforcement schemes. Additional research is needed, especially for the reinforcement scheme [φ/-φ]2s  at 0<φ<90.
A Scoping and Theoretical Review of Joy in Leadership in the Nonprofit Sector
Authors: McIntyre Katie , Mulcahy Rory , Graham Wayne , Lawley Meredith
Published: December 2024

Effective leadership plays a critical role in the success of organizations, particularly in the nonprofit sector, with positive leader affect, and more recently joy, being one aspect of leadership that significantly influences followers. Whilst some studies of positive affect and joy in leadership have been undertaken in the nonprofit sector, lack of clarity and coherence, as well as theoretical divergence has impeded research integration. This article presents the first systematic literature review of positive affect, and more specifically joy and leadership in the nonprofit sector and systematically identifies the extent to which joy has been considered as a discrete emotion in the current nonprofit leadership literature. In addition, this article synthesises the existing nonprofit leadership literature to determine what employee outcomes joy has been shown to influence. Finally, the quality of current literature and any patterns considering joy and leadership in the nonprofit leadership literature is assessed. Future research opportunities are identified.
El impacto de la Covid-19 en las tendencias de la restauración española
Authors: Rueda Córdoba Francisco Javier
Published: December 2024

En este artículo se busca dar cuenta de los cambios experimentados en el sector de la restauración a raíz de la pandemia de COVID-19 en 2020 y 2021. Con este objetivo se presenta en primer lugar una exposición de las dificultades de trabajo con fuentes estadísticas relativas al sector, clasificándolas en problemas de definición y cuantificación y problemas de coherencia y opacidad. Posteriormente se realiza un repaso a varias fuentes estadísticas públicas, recopilando los datos en cuatro categorías: demografía empresarial, producción, consumo y empleo. Finalmente se ofrece una interpretación de dichos datos, destacando las tendencias previas a la pandemia que se refuerzan o desaparecen así como aquellas que surgen durante la crisis sanitaria o posteriormente a la misma.
Rapid-Reconfigurable and Flexible Optical Neural Network Based on Free-Space Optics Using Lens Arrays and a Smart Pixel Light Modulator
Authors: Ju Young-Gu
Published: December 2024

We explore the integration of smart pixel light modulators (SPLMs) into bidirectional optical neural networks (BONNs), highlighting their advantages over traditional spatial light modulators (SLMs). SPLMs enhance BONN performance by enabling faster light modulation in both directions, significantly increasing the refresh rate of neural network weights to hundreds of megahertz, thus facilitating the practical implementation of the backpropagation algorithm and two-mirror-like BONN structures. The architecture of an SPLM-based BONN (SPBONN) features bidirectional modulation, simplifying hardware with electrical fan-in and fan-out. Scalability limitations of the projection system restrict input and output array sizes but achieve high throughput, up to 4.3 × 1016 MAC/s with 10 layers. Energy assessments showed that the SPLM array, despite its higher power consumption compared to the SLM array, is manageable via effective heat dissipation. Smart pixels with programmable memory in the SPBONN provide a cost-effective solution for expanding network node size and overcoming scalability limitations without the need for additional hardware.
Safety and Withdrawal Period of Dietary Supplements Before Bronchoscopy
Authors: Kinoshita Naoki , Yamaguchi Kosuke , Harada Tomoya , Sakamoto Tomohiro , Funaki Yoshihiro , Yanai Masaaki , Teruya Yasuhiko , Hirayama Yuki , Nonaka Takafumi , Ishikawa Hiroki , Inui Genki , Kodani Masahiro , Yamasaki Akira
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Dietary supplements are commonly used in Japan. Although some dietary supplements can affect perioperative conditions due to abnormalities in the blood coagulation system, there are no reports examining the duration of withdrawal and the risk of complications during bronchoscopy. We aimed to retrospectively review the safety and withdrawal periods of supplements prior to bronchoscopy in patients who regularly consumed dietary supplements.
Methods: This single-center retrospective observational study was conducted at Tottori University Hospital. Patients who underwent bronchoscopy between January 2019 and December 2019 were validated and examined. We examined patient backgrounds, in-cluding age, sex, underlying conditions, use of antithrombotic agents, consumption of di-etary supplements and the specific types of dietary supplements consumed, and the type of bronchoscopy procedure. Data regarding the duration of dietary supplement with-drawal and complications during and after bronchoscopy were also collected.
Results: A total of 351 bronchoscopy procedures were performed during the observation period. Of these, 69 (23.3%) bronchoscopies were performed on patients who regularly used dietary supplements. There were 19 cases of invasive bronchoscopy in patients who regularly used dietary supplements with bleeding risk. The median withdrawal period for the dietary supplements was 14 days. The incidence of bleeding complications from inva-sive bronchoscopy did not differ significantly among the groups divided according to whether they took antithrombotic agents or dietary supplements with bleeding risk.
Conclusions: Based on this retrospective analysis, dietary supplements may be considered safe if there is sufficient time to avoid taking them before undergoing invasive bronchoscopy.
Advancing HVAC Quality and Performance Through State-of-the-Art Sensing Technology
Authors: Attallah Mohammad , Zahraee Afshin
Published: December 2024

This study explores the integration of advanced sensing technologies into HVAC systems to improve efficiency and performance, with a focus on Northwest Indiana casinos. The project addresses challenges faced by traditional systems, such as inconsistent temperature control, high energy consumption, and poor air quality, which impact guest comfort and operational costs. By incorporating IoT-enabled sensors, infrared thermal imaging, and AI-driven predictive maintenance, HVAC systems can dynamically adjust based on real-time data, ensuring optimal comfort and energy savings. Infrared cameras identify inefficiencies like air leaks and duct blockages, while Schlieren imaging visualizes airflow patterns to resolve zoning issues. Results demonstrate significant improvements in temperature regulation, a 15% reduction in energy consumption, and enhanced air quality. This research highlights the potential for advanced HVAC technologies to transform high-occupancy environments, fostering sustainability, operational efficiency, and improved guest experiences.
Research on Continuous Obstacle Avoidance Picking Planning Based on Multi-Objective Clustered Crabapples
Authors: Wu Liguo , Yuan Longqiang , Meng Xiangquan , Li Sanping , Wang Qiyu , Chen Xingyu
Published: December 2024

In view of the low efficiency and slow development of fruit and vegetable picking in China, the picking sequence and obstacle avoidance of clustered crabapples were studied with them as the picking target. The multi-objective picking sequence of crabapples was planned, and the adaptive pheromone factor, heuristic function, and volatile factor were used to improve the ant colony (ACO) algorithm, so as to improve the convergence speed, adaptability, and global search ability of the algorithm. In order to avoid the collision between the robotic arm and the branches of the fruit tree, the three-dimensional reconstruction of the fruit tree was carried out, the shape and position information of the obstacle branch was determined, the artificial potential field was fused with the RRT, the search orientation of the RRT algorithm was enhanced, the inflection point was reduced, and the convergence speed was improved. The results showed that the average success rate of picking was 89.58%, and the robotic arm did not collide with the branches according to the planned picking sequence during the picking process, so as to achieve the picking purpose and picking effect.
Postharvest Tomato Fruit Shelf Life and Quality Assessment Based on Color, Firmness and visNIR Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics
Authors: Tasioulas Sotirios , Watson Jessie , Kasampalis Dimitrios S. , Tsouvaltzis Pavlos
Published: December 2024

External and internal changes in tomato fruit harvested at various ripening stages (from mature green to red ripe) were monitored during postharvest storage at 22 oC for 12 days. Non-destructive measurements of color, compression firmness and spectral reflectance data were captured with two portable, but differently technologically advanced spectroradiometers (a PSR+ 3500, Spectral Evolution and a DLP NIR Nano Scan, Texas Instruments) spectroradiometers in the visible-near infrared (visNIR) (340-2500 nm) or only the NIR (900-1700 nm) region. Significant changes in color, firmness, pH and soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio were observed during storage, especially in the less ripe fruits and were reliably assessed by all nondestructive techniques, especially by the spectral reflectance data captured at the 340-2500 nm part with the most sophisticated device. In general, visNIR spectroscopy, combined with chemometric techniques, is a powerful non-destructive method for assessing tomato quality and predicting shelf life. Although using both the visible and the near infrared part of the spectrum (340-2500 nm) provides more accurate assessments, the NIR part (900-1700 nm) alone can support reliable predictions, while the consumers are not capable of perceiving most of the changes that accompany postharvest ripening before consuming the products.
Assessing the Impact of Physical Activity on Dementia Progression Using Clustering and MRI-Based Kullback-Leibler Divergence
Authors: Wosiak Agnieszka , Krzywicka Małgorzata , Żykwińska Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, is a neurodegenerative illness characterized by progressive impairment of cognitive functions, posing a significant global health threat. Physical exercise is widely recognized for its preventive role, providing benefits for both body composition and brain health. This study aimed to explore the relationship between physical exercise, body composition, and the progression of dementia. The analysis was conducted using clinical and neuroradiology data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Our study mainly focused on crucial parameters such as Body Mass Index (BMI), Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI), and MRI biomarkers, including hippocampal volume and white matter integrity. We grouped the participants according to the similarities of their body compositions through clustering techniques. Then, atrophy-related changes in the brain structures were computed using the Kullback-Leibler divergence. Our findings suggest that higher BMI and greater muscle mass may slow down brain atrophy, suggesting a protective effect on the brain. Based on these results, preserving muscle mass and metabolic health through resistance and aerobic exercise appears crucial in reducing the risk of dementia. Body composition interventions may slow neurodegenerative changes and promote brain health. This is an essential piece of information about prevention strategies, especially for individuals at risk of dementia who may benefit from following structured physical activity strategies.
Application of the Hill-Wheeler Formula in Statistical Models of Nuclear Fission: A Statistical Mechanical Approach Based on Similarities with Semiconductor Physics
Authors: Maruyama Hirokazu
Published: December 2024

This study proposes a novel theoretical approach to understanding the statistical mechanical similarities between nuclear fission phenomena and semiconductor physics. Using the Hill-Wheeler formula as a quantum mechanical distribution function and establishing its correspondence with the Fermi-Dirac distribution function, we analyzed nuclear fission processes for nine nuclides (232Th, 233U, 235U, 238U, 237Np, 239Pu, 240Pu, 242Pu, 241Am) using JENDL-5.0 data.
Thermal Degradation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 6,6 Composites: Investigation by Accelerated Thermal Ageing
Authors: Salvi Alessandro , Marzullo Francesco , Ostrowska Marlena , Dotelli Giovanni
Published: December 2024

Polyamide-based glass fiber reinforced composites are extensively used in electrical and automotive applications due to their excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. However, prolonged exposure to high temperatures can lead to significant degradation, affecting their long-term performance and reliability. This study investigates the thermal ageing behavior of polyamide 6,6 composites containing halogenated flame retardants used for electrical applications. The objective of this research is to evaluate the extent of degradation through accelerated ageing tests and to develop an Arrhenius-type ageing model to predict the long-term performance of these materials. The study examines the effects of thermal ageing at temperatures between 160 and 210°C on flexural properties, and explores the underlying degradation mechanisms. Results indicate that short-term exposure to high temperatures can enhance flexural strength due to annealing effects, which are eventually outweighed by thermal oxidation and increased crystallinity, leading to an increase in brittleness. The derived Arrhenius model, with an activation energy of 93 kJ/mol, predicts a service life of approximately 25 years at 80°C, but significantly shorter at 130°C. These findings underscore the importance of considering thermal ageing effects in the design and application of PA66 composites in high-temperature environments.