bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Short Review of Coronary Artery Lesions in Children
Authors: Zhong HongPing , Zhang YaQing , Jiao FuYong
Published: May 2023

Coronary artery lesions (CAL) are not uncommon in pediatrics, but their causesare complex， such as congenital coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, infectious diseases, and rheumatic immune diseases, which can lead to CAL. This review provides a systematic evaluation of the published medical literature on potential etiologies and associated pathogenesis that may lead to CAL in children, in order to broaden clinical diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. The main pathogenesis of CAL is an innate immunity imbalance due to exposure of genetically susceptible people to various infections and/or environmental factors. Kawasaki disease is not the only cause of CAL, and pediatricians need to better understand the immunological mechanisms of the CAL to suspect and diagnose.In addition, attach great importance to rheumatic immune diseases and cardiovascular diseases secondary to CAL.
Effect of Different Sources of Phosphorus on Protein Content, Soil Fertility and Yield of Greengram
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Bochalya Ranjeet Singh , Mehta Swati , Menia Monika , Patel Nida Abdulrashid
Published: May 2023

To study the effect of different sources of phosphorus on quality, fertility status and yield of greengram, an experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2014 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHIATS, Allahabad, UP. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with 9 treatments viz. Control (No Phosphorus, 100% P through SSP, 100% P through URP, 50% P through SSP + 50% P through URP, 75% P through SSP + 25% P through URP, 100% P through SSP + PSB inoculation, 100% P through URP + PSB inoculation, 50% P through SSP + 50% P through URP + PSB inoculation, 75% P through SSP + 25% P through URP + PSB inoculation. Greengram variety Samrat was sown at a spacing of 30cm x 10 cm and it was fertilized with Phosphorus, SSP, URP, PSB as per the requirement of the treatments. The experimental results revealed that application of 100% P through SSP + PSB seed inoculation produced significantly higher grain yield (1496.77 kg ha-1), Stover yield (2920 kg ha-1) and protein (24.06%). There was a steady increase in the soil fertility status after harvesting of greengram. However, maximum available P2O5 (36.07 kg ha-1), available N (329.03 kg ha-1), available K2O (220.80 kg ha-1) was obtained with the application of 100% P through SSP + PSB seed inoculation. It also recorded higher net returns (Rs 47002.17 ha-1) and Benefit Cost (1.89). Thus, application of 100% P through SSP + PSB seed inoculation) helps in improving the quality and enhancing the yield in Greengram for resource poor farmers of India.
Carbon Sequestration and Stabilisation Mechanisms in the Agricultural Soils: A Review
Authors: Kavya S. R. , Rani B. , Banu M. R. Fida , Jabin P. P. Nihala
Published: May 2023

Rapidly increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) initiate unprecedented changes in climate systems, leading to severe ecological and economic disruptions. Climate change mitigation is possible through a reduction in net GHG emission by the process of carbon sequestration. Storage of carbon in a stable solid form through direct and indirect fixation in soil leading to carbon sequestration can result in an annual growth rate of 0.4% in the soil carbon stock and significantly reduce CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. The long term sequestration of carbon, viz, carbon stabilization is possible through both abiotic and biotic factors. This research paper aims to establish a literature review about the role of different agricultural management strategies for carbon sequestration and their stabilization mechanisms. Agricultural practices such as tillage, fallow elimination, erosion control and methane mitigation reduce carbon loss while crop management, nutrient management, land use systems, agro forestry and nano technology enhances carbon inputs. These agricultural management practices can facilitate carbon stabilization by acting through both biotic and abiotic mechanisms.
Determinants of Household Fuelwood Consumption in Public Residential Estates in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Akeh Gabriel Igbe , Adamu Babayo Mohammed , Adamu Haruna , Ade Shuaibu Mohammed
Published: May 2023

The type of energy utilized by households is a good reflection of the quality of life and socio-economic development in any given country. Unfortunately, the continued dependence on traditional fuels such as fuelwood as a major source of energy for domestic purposes particularly in Nigeria is generating concerns due to its negative environmental, socio-economic and health effects. This study was therefore undertaken to examine the factors that drive household fuelwood consumption in public residential estates in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. A survey questionnaire was used to elicit data from a sample of 355 household-heads that were selected using systematic random sampling technique from a population of 3,192 households. The data were analyzed using Ordinary Least Square regression analysis. The results revealed that gender, marital status, larger household size and prices of alternative fuels had positive and significant correlation with the quantity of fuelwood consumed in households while higher level of education, higher income; location of residence, share of dwelling and prices of fuelwood were significant and negatively related to fuelwood consumption. It is recommended that stakeholders and policy makers in the energy sector should vigorously promote access to affordable and modern energy sources for household cooking activities by subsidizing the prices of modern fuels and increasing the availability of electricity supply to households. This will go a long way to reducing the rate of indoor air pollution and other environmental consequences associated with the use of fuelwood in the study area. Finally, there is the need for proactive enlightenment campaigns with a view to strengthening public awareness on the deleterious effects of the consumption of solid fuels such as fuelwood in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
The Impact of Camel Milk Consumption on Modulation and Abundance of Gut Microbiota
Authors: Najjar Abdulrahman , Almugadam Babiker Saad , Asseri Amer H. , Altayb Hisham N.
Published: May 2023

Previous studies explored the nutritional, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties of camel milk but the precise mechanisms by which camel milk induces these health benefits remain to be investigated. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of camel milk on the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota. 15 male subjects were enrolled in the cohort (follow-up) study. To evaluate the impact of camel milk on gut microbiota, each subject received 330ml of camel milk four times/every week for one month. A stool sample was collected from each subject before starting milk feeding and after one month of the milk diet. Each stool sample was subjected to bacterial DNA extraction by using the commercial Kit. Next, all DNA samples were subjected to 16s rRNA sequencing. The observed species and Chao1 indices are higher after (Group B) camel milk consumption, P˃0.05. Shannon was also higher after camel milk consumption (Group B) but it is not significant. The shift in gut microbiota following milk consumption was characterized by a significant increase in Methanobrevibacter, Subdoligranulum, and bacillus. Notably, smoking significantly decrease the abundance of Bifidobacterium, and excise improves the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, P˂0.05. On correlation, Bifidobacterium and several beneficial bacteria were negatively correlated with age. The study provides insight concerning the effect of camel’s milk on gut microbiota, which is key in understanding the impact of camel’s milk on health.
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Alshehri Bander J.
Published: May 2023

Background: Since the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) phenotype might change at different points in a person's life, individualized diagnosis and treatment are required. Since glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RA) improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, they offer a unique opportunity to treat many comorbid diseases and phenotypic aspects of (PCOS) all at once.

Methods: The PICO framework—which includes the terms "participants," "intervention," "control," and "outcome"—formed the basis for the search parameters. The appropriate research publications were identified by searching many databases, including Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus and PRISMA flow chart was constructed. RevMan 5.4 was utilized for the meta-analysis, while RoB-2.0 was employed for quality control.

Results: After following PRISMA, 14 research articles were included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. GLP-1 RAs alone or in combination gave good results when compared with control/placebo/other drugs. In the meta-analysis, GLP-1 RA was compared to control (Metformin, a comparative drug, a placebo, and other treatments) for Menestral frequency rate (MFR), Free Androgen Index (FAI), Homeostasis Model Assessment-estimated Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and Total Testosterone (Total T). The results showed that GLP-1 RA had a statistically significant effect on MFR and Total T, indicating that the intervention was more effective than the control group but had no effect on FAI and HOMA-IR, suggesting that both GLP-1 RA and the control group were equally effective. When the quality assessment was done, 7 studies had low risk of bias, and 7 had some concerns, while no study had a high risk of bias.

Conclusion: GLP-1 RAs may be suitable for obese patients with PCOS, particularly those with insulin resistance. However, as 7 studies had questions about randomization. There has to be more high-quality studies conducted on GLP-1 RAs to determine their effectiveness for PCOS in women.
Süreç Odaklı Rehberli Sorgulamayla Öğrenmenin Motivasyon ve Mantıksal Düşünme Becerilerine Etkisi
Authors: ALAKOYUN Leman , TAŞTAN KIRIK Özgecan
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışmada yarı-deneysel desenlerden eşitlenmemiş kontrol gruplu desen kullanılarak, Süreç Odaklı Rehberli Sorgulamayla Öğrenmenin (POGIL®) yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin fen bilimleri dersindeki motivasyonlarına ve mantıksal düşünme becerilerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmaya kontrol grubundan 28 ve deney grubundan 27 olmak üzere toplam 55 öğrenci katılmıştır. Katılımcılar uygun örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Kontrol grubunda Saf Madde ve Karışımlar ünitesi, öğrenciler arası etkileşimin sınırlı olduğu süregelen öğretim yöntemi ile öğretilirken deney grubunda POGIL ile öğretilmiştir. Katılımcıların mantıksal düşünme becerilerini ölçmek için Mantıksal Düşünme Grup Testi ve fen bilimleri dersine yönelik motivasyonlarını ölçmede ise Öğrenmede Güdüsel Stratejiler Ölçeği’nin Motivasyon Ölçeği ön test ve son test olarak uygulanmıştır. Bulgulara göre uygulamanın sonunda POGIL grubunun, süregelen öğretim yöntemlerinin uygulandığı gruba kıyasla motivasyon ve mantıksal düşünme becerisi puanları anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksektir. Sonuç olarak POGIL’in Saf Madde ve Karışımlar ünitesini öğretmede ortaokul öğrencilerinin motivasyon ve mantıksal düşünme becerilerini geliştiren etkili bir strateji olduğu söylenebilir.
Legal Penalties for Physicians Providing Gender-Affirming Care
Authors: Mallory Christy , Chin Madeline G. , Lee Justine C.
Published: May 2023

This Viewpoint explains the “legal limbo” physicians may find themselves in, straddling state laws banning gender-affirming care and federal nondiscrimination law, both of which remain unclear due to ongoing legal challenges in the courts.
Comparison of Optical Coherence Tomography Structural Parameters for Diagnosis of Glaucoma in High Myopia
Authors: Jeong Yoon , Kim Young Kook , Jeoung Jin Wook , Park Ki Ho
Published: May 2023

Importance

Diagnosis of glaucoma in highly myopic eyes is challenging. This study compared the glaucoma detection utility of various optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters for high myopia.

Objective

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of single OCT parameters, the University of North Carolina (UNC) OCT Index, and the temporal raphe sign for discrimination of glaucoma in patients with high myopia.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted from January 1, 2014, and January 1, 2022. Participants with high myopia (axial length ≥26.0 mm or spherical equivalent ≤−6 diopters) plus glaucoma and participants with high myopia without glaucoma were recruited from a single tertiary hospital in South Korea.

Exposures

Macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters were measured in each participant. The UNC OCT scores and the temporal raphe sign were checked to compare diagnostic utility. Decision tree analysis with single OCT parameters, the UNC OCT Index, and the temporal raphe sign were also applied.

Main outcome and Measures

Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

Results

A total of 132 individuals with high myopia and glaucoma (mean [SD] age, 50.0 [11.7] years; 78 male [59.1%]) along with 142 individuals with high myopia without glaucoma (mean [SD] age, 50.0 [11.3] years; 79 female [55.6%]) were included in the study. The AUROC of the UNC OCT Index was 0.891 (95% CI, 0.848-0.925). The AUROC of temporal raphe sign positivity was 0.922 (95% CI, 0.883-0.950). The best single OCT parameter was inferotemporal GCIPL thickness (AUROC, 0.951; 95% CI, 0.918-0.973), and its AUROC difference from the UNC OCT Index, temporal raphe sign, mean RNFL thickness, and ONH rim area was 0.060 (95% CI, 0.016-0.103; P = .007); 0.029 (95% CI, −0.009 to 0.068; P = .13), 0.022 (95% CI, −0.012-0.055; P = .21), and 0.075 (95% CI, 0.031-0.118; P < .001), respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that in discriminating glaucomatous eyes in patients with high myopia, inferotemporal GCIPL thickness yielded the highest AUROC value. The RNFL thickness and GCIPL thickness parameters may play a greater role in glaucoma diagnosis than the ONH parameters in high myopia.
Posterior Tracheal Diverticulum in a Patient Undergoing Tonsillectomy
Authors: Lilly James Landry , Newstrom Emily , Mohyuddin Nadia
Published: May 2023

This case report describes a male patient in his 20s who presented with bilateral palatine tonsil enlargement and history of infections 4 to 5 times per year and was subsequently found to have tracheal diverticulum.
TDP‐43 N‐terminal domain dimerisation or spatial separation by RNA binding decreases its propensity to aggregate
Authors: Miura Motoki , Sakaue Fumika , Matsuno Hirokazu , Morita Kento , Yoshida Akiko , Hara Rintaro Iwata , Nishimura Ren , Nishida Yurika , Yokogawa Mariko , Osawa Masanori , Yokota Takanori
Published: May 2023

Aggregation of the 43 kDa TAR DNA‐binding protein (TDP‐43) is a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). RNA binding and TDP‐43 N‐terminal domain dimerisation has been suggested to ameliorate TDP‐43 aggregation. However, the relationship between these factors and the solubility of TDP‐43 is largely unknown. Therefore, we developed new oligonucleotides that can recruit two TDP‐43 molecules and interfere with their intermolecular interactions via spatial separation. Using these oligonucleotides and TDP‐43‐preferable UG‐repeats, we uncovered two distinct mechanisms for modulating TDP‐43 solubility by RNA binding: One is N‐terminal domain dimerisation, and the other is the spatial separation of two TDP‐43 molecules. This study provides new molecular insights into the regulation of TDP‐43 solubility.
Deep learning‐based classification of organs at risk and delineation guideline in pelvic cancer radiation therapy
Authors: Lempart Michael , Scherman Jonas , Nilsson Martin P. , Jamtheim Gustafsson Christian
Published: May 2023

Deep learning (DL) models for radiation therapy (RT) image segmentation require accurately annotated training data. Multiple organ delineation guidelines exist; however, information on the used guideline is not provided with the delineation. Extraction of training data with coherent guidelines can therefore be challenging. We present a supervised classification method for pelvis structure delineations where bowel cavity, femoral heads, bladder, and rectum data, with two guidelines, were classified. The impact on DL‐based segmentation quality using mixed guideline training data was also demonstrated. Bowel cavity was manually delineated on CT images for anal cancer patients (n = 170) according to guidelines Devisetty and RTOG. The DL segmentation quality from using training data with coherent or mixed guidelines was investigated. A supervised 3D squeeze‐and‐excite SENet‐154 model was trained to classify two bowel cavity delineation guidelines. In addition, a pelvis CT dataset with manual delineations from prostate cancer patients (n = 1854) was used where data with an alternative guideline for femoral heads, rectum, and bladder were generated using commercial software. The model was evaluated on internal (n = 200) and external test data (n = 99). By using mixed, compared to coherent, delineation guideline training data mean DICE score decreased 3% units, mean Hausdorff distance (95%) increased 5 mm and mean surface distance (MSD) increased 1 mm. The classification of bowel cavity test data achieved 99.8% unweighted classification accuracy, 99.9% macro average precision, 97.2% macro average recall, and 98.5% macro average F1. Corresponding metrics for the pelvis internal test data were all 99% or above and for the external pelvis test data they were 96.3%, 96.6%, 93.3%, and 94.6%. Impaired segmentation performance was observed for training data with mixed guidelines. The DL delineation classification models achieved excellent results on internal and external test data. This can facilitate automated guideline‐specific data extraction while avoiding the need for consistent and correct structure labels.
Therapeutical Utilization and Repurposing of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives: A Narrative Review
Authors: Guan Lin , Wang Huiyong , Xu Xiaolong , Fan Huahao
Published: May 2023

Artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives have great therapeutical utility as antimalarials and can be repurposed for other indications, such as viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic effects of ART‐based drugs, beyond their antimalarial effects. This review also summarizes the information on their repurposing in other pathologies, with the hope that it will guide the future optimization of the use of ART‐based drugs and of the treatment strategies for the listed diseases. By reviewing related literature, ART extraction and structure as well as the synthesis and structure of its derivatives are presented. Subsequently, the traditional roles of ART and its derivatives against malaria are reviewed, including antimalarial mechanism and occurrence of antimalarial resistance. Finally, the potential of ART and its derivatives to be repurposed for the treatment of other diseases are summarized. The great repurposing potential of ART and its derivatives may be useful for the control of emerging diseases with corresponding pathologies, and future research should be directed toward the synthesis of more effective derivatives or better combinations.
Postnatal 14D is the Key Window for Mice Intestinal Development‐ An Insight from Age‐Dependent Antibiotic‐Mediated Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Study
Authors: Pandey Uday , Tambat Subodh , Aich Palok
Published: May 2023

The postnatal period is one of the critical windows for the structure‐function development of the gastrointestinal tract and associated mucosal immunity. Along with other constituent members, recent studies suggest the contribution of gut microbiota in maintaining host health, immunity, and development. Although the gut microbiota's role in maintaining barrier integrity is known, its function in early life development still needs to be better understood. To understand the details of gut microbiota's effects on intestinal integrity, epithelium development, and immune profile, the route of antibiotic‐mediated perturbation is taken. Mice on days 7(P7D), 14(P14D), 21(P21D) and 28(P28D) are sacrificed and 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis is performed. The barrier integrity, tight junction proteins (TJPs) expression, intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) markers, and inflammatory cytokines are analyzed. Results reveal a postnatal age‐related impact of gut microbiota perturbation, with a gradual increase in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and a reduction in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Significant barrier integrity disruption, reduced TJPs and IECs marker expression, and increased systemic inflammation at P14D of AVNM‐treated mice are found. Moreover, the microbiota transplantation shows recolonization of Verrucomicrobia, proving a causal role in barrier functions. The investigation reveals P14D as a critical period for neonatal intestinal development, regulated by specific microbiota composition.
Hydrophobic Texture Screening of Laser Ablated Silicon Carbide Surface and Its Influencing Factors Analysis and Optimization
Authors: Lu Di , Xiao Yang , Hu Qiong , Wang Xiaolei , Wang Yan , Wu Runhan
Published: May 2023

Four types of micro textures (grid, strip, square, and circle) are engraved on SiC surface by nanosecond laser and the texture with the best hydrophobicity is screened. Influence of processing parameters on the hydrophobicity is obtained by orthogonal experiment, which led to the determination of the optimal parameter combination. Relationship between the contact angle and the structural parameters of the micro texture is further investigated. Results show that the strip texture has the best hydrophobic performance and the contact angle increases with time until it reaches a stabilization (≈124.4°) after 192 h. The optimal combination of processing parameters is determined as follows: line spacing C = 275 μm, scanning velocity V = 1100 mm s−1, power W = 15%, frequency f = 35 kHz, and number N = 100. The contact angle is closely related to bulge width c1, groove width c2, and groove depth hg of the micro texture, and a larger contact angle generally corresponds to a smaller c2 and a lager hg. The droplets on the strip‐texture surface are in Wenzel–Cassie or Wenzel state, which presents hydrophobic and diversion characteristics under the action of micro‐nano composite structure and the anisotropy of micro texture.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Precipitation‐Strengthened Fe–Al–Nb Alloy
Authors: Nizamoglu Sarper , Gedsun Angelika , Kauffmann Alexander , Ghosh Michael , Michels Heiner , Groten Tim , Schulz Camelia , Breuner Christoph , Seils Sascha , Schliephake Daniel , Laube Stephan , Palm Martin , Heilmaier Martin
Published: May 2023

Fe–Al alloys provide an attractive property profile for applications at temperatures of up to 700 °C. Herein, a Fe–25Al–2Nb (at%) alloy is, manufactured on an application‐relevant scale. Preforms are cast and subsequently forged into a turbine blade shape. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties, namely quasistatic strength and creep response, are tested in different manufacturing conditions and are compared to the properties of equilibrated laboratory alloys, as well as to literature results. The cast process leads to coarse‐grained initial nonequilibrium microstructures with lower amounts of Laves phase as compared to thermodynamic equilibrium. Forging at 900 °C leads to the significant formation of subgrains in the Fe–Al matrix and precipitation of the Laves phase. The as‐cast condition of Fe–25Al–2Nb exhibits a complex creep behavior governed by the transient formation of a coherent Heusler phase as well as Laves phase formation and recrystallization in later stages of creep. In the forged condition, the material behaves similarly to long‐term annealed material. Although Fe–25Al–2Nb has slightly lower strength and lower creep resistance over the entire temperature range tested, it performs well compared to Ta‐containing Fe–Al alloys due to its lower cost and density.
Effect of Powder Processing and Sintering Conditions on the Microstructural, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Reticulated Zinc Oxide Ceramic Foams
Authors: Betke Ulf , Scheffler Michael
Published: May 2023

Ceramic foams are made of zinc oxide using different amounts of Sb2O3 and Bi2O3 as sintering aids. The effect of a ball milling processing of the starting powders and the sintering temperature on the microstructure and the properties of the ZnO foams is investigated. The focus is set on the evolution of the secondary phases formed within the microstructure of ZnO. A determining effect is identified in the amount of an Al2O3 impurity which is introduced by abrasion of the milling vessels during ball milling. Alumina is partially dissolved in a spinel α–Zn7Sb2O12 secondary phase which is stabilized by a reduction of the unit cell volume. Remaining Al2O3 is incorporated into zinc oxide under formation of a defect wurtzite phase. The phase evolution is a complex function of the content of sintering aids, the Al2O3 impurity level and the sintering temperature. The shrinkage during sintering and the porosity evolution are correlated to the phase composition within the ZnO material. The thermal conductivity and the compressive strength of the foams are determined, normalized with respect to their porosity, and correlated to the microstructure and phase composition of the ZnO strut material.
Lubricant‐Interface Induced Mobile Crystallization for Hypersaline Wastewater Management
Authors: Luo Yu‐Qiong , Yao Xi , Zhao Liurui , Liu Lan , Zhou Yahong , Jiang Lei , Ju Jie
Published: May 2023

Hypersaline wastewater management is a crucial issue for water‐energy nexus. Evaporation‐based zero liquid discharge (ZLD) desalination shows great promise to detoxify the hypersaline wastewater. However, salt formed on the evaporation surface compromises the efficiency and continuity of desalination. Here, the study reports a photothermal lubricant‐infused surface (PLIS), capable of inducing mobile salt crystallization and eliminating salt scaling during desalination. Few nuclei initiate away from the PLIS, followed by migration inward as salt growth, leading to compact crystal. The final dewetting process leaves only scattered protrusions from crystal bottom contacting with the PLIS. Such a converged small area plus pinpoint contacting mode produce an ultralow adhesion of salt to the substrate (≈2 mN mg−1), ≈40 times lower than that on a regular‐used hydrophobic surface. The salt crystal precipitated on the PLIS can be blown off easily by air flow, refreshing the evaporating surface for continuous desalination and realizing ZLD.
Robust Flexible Textile Tribovoltaic Nanogenerator via a 2D 2H‐MoS2/Ta4C3 Dynamic Heterojunction
Authors: Fan Beibei , Wang Zhaozheng , Liu Guoxu , Wang Zheng , Fu Xianpeng , Gong Likun , Zhang Chi
Published: May 2023

The tribovoltaic effect can convert semiconductor interfacial frictional mechanical energy into direct current (DC) electricity, but the flexibility and durability of semiconductor materials limit its application in wearable electronic. Herein, a robust flexible textile tribovoltaic nanogenerator is presented based on a 2D dynamic heterojunction of 2H‐MoS2/Ta4C3 (MTNG). During the friction process, a built‐in electric field (Eb) and an additional interfacial electric field (ECE) are generated in a continuous dynamic contact of 2H‐MoS2/Ta4C3, and through the 2H‐MoS2/Ta4C3 dynamic heterojunction, a significant number of electron‐hole pairs are excited and move directionally to generate a DC. The influences of mechanical pressure and sliding speed on output performance of MTNGs are systematically investigated. The MTNGs deliver excellent output power density (39.15 mW m2) and outstanding robustness (43 000 cycles). Ten MTNGs can be connected in series to obtain a DC voltage of 3.3 V and in parallel to obtain a DC current of 75 µA. Furthermore, the MTNGs can effectively power a variety of commercial electronic watches and calculators by harvesting human kinetic energy. A 2D dynamic heterojunction 2H‐MoS2/Ta4C3 DC nanogenerator is described and offers a workable option for the creation of flexible DC power sources and self‐powered wearable electronics.
A Copper Single‐Atom Cascade Bionanocatalyst for Treating Multidrug‐Resistant Bacterial Diabetic Ulcer
Authors: Fan Xin , Gao Yang , Yang Fan , Low Jian Liang , Wang Lei , Paulus Beate , Wang Yi , Trampuz Andrej , Cheng Chong , Haag Rainer
Published: May 2023

Diabetic ulcers induced by multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria have severely endangered diabetic populations. These ulcers are very challenging to treat because the local high glucose concentration can both promote bacterial growth and limit the immune system's bactericidal action. Herein, a glucose oxidase‐peroxidase (GOx‐POD) dual‐enzyme mimetic (DEM) bionanocatalyst, Au@CuBCats is synthesized to simultaneously control glucose concentration and bacteria in diabetic ulcers. Specifically, the AuNPs can serve as GOx mimics and catalyze the oxidation of glucose for the formation of H2O2; the H2O2 can then be further catalytically converted into OH via the POD‐mimetic copper single atoms. Notably, the unique copper single atoms coordinated by one oxygen and two nitrogen atoms (CuN2O1) exhibit better POD catalytic performance than natural peroxidase. Further DFT calculations are conducted to study the catalytic mechanism and reveal the advantage of this CuN2O1 structure as compared to other copper single‐atom sites. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirm the outstanding antibacterial therapeutic efficacy of the DEM bionanocatalyst. This new bionanocatalyst will provide essential insights for the next generation of antibiotic‐free strategies for combating MDR bacterial diabetic ulcers, and also offer inspiration for designing bionanocatalytic cascading medicines.
Bulk Incorporation of Molecular Dopants into Ruddlesden–Popper Organic Metal–Halide Perovskites for Charge Transfer Doping
Authors: Lee Jonghoon , Baek Kyeong‐Yoon , Lee Jeongjae , Ahn Heebeom , Kim Yongjin , Lim Hyungbin , Kim Yeeun , Woo Jaeyong , Stranks Samuel D. , Lee Sung Keun , Sirringhaus Henning , Kang Keehoon , Lee Takhee
Published: May 2023

Organic metal‐halide perovskites (OHPs) have recently attracted much attention as next‐generation semiconducting materials due to their outstanding opto‐electrical properties. However, OHPs currently suffer from the lack of efficient doping methods, while the traditional method of atomistic doping having clear limitations in the achievable doping range. While doping with molecular dopants, has been suggested as a solution to this problem, the action of these dopants is typically restricted to perovskite surfaces, therefore significantly reducing their doping potential. In this study, successful bulk inclusion of “magic blue”, a molecular dopant, into 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites is reported. This doping strategy of immersing the perovskite film in dopant solution increases the electrical current up to ≈60 times while maintaining clean film surface. A full mechanistic picture of such immersion doping is provided, in which the solvent molecule facilitates bulk diffusion of dopant molecule inside the organic spacer layer. Physical criteria for judicious choice of solvents in immersion doping are developed based on readily available solvent properties. The immersion doping method developed in this study that enables bulk molecular doping in OHPs will provide a strategic doping methodology for controlling electrical properties of OHPs for electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Polar Perturbations in Functional Oxide Heterostructures
Authors: Oh Yoon Seok , Wang Lingfei , Lee Hyungwoo , Choi Woo Seok , Kim Tae Heon
Published: May 2023

Growth and characterization of metal‐oxide thin films foster successful development of oxide‐material‐integrated thin‐film devices represented by metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFET), drawing enormous technological and scientific interest for several decades. In recent years, functional oxide heterostructures have demonstrated remarkable achievements in modern technologies and provided deeper insights into condensed‐matter physics and materials science owing to their versatile tunability and selective amplification of the functionalities. One of the most critical aspects of their physical properties is the polar perturbation stemming from the ionic framework of an oxide. By engineering and exploiting the structural, electrical, magnetic, and optical characteristics through various routes, numerous perceptive studies have clearly shown how polar perturbations advance functionalities or drive exotic physical phenomena in complex oxide heterostructures. In this review, both intrinsic (engraved by thin‐film heteroepitaxy) and extrinsic (reversibly controllable defect‐mediated disorder and polar adsorbates) elements of polar perturbations, highlighting their abilities for the development of highly tunable functional properties are summarized. Scientifically, the recent approaches of polar perturbations render one to consolidate a prospect of atomic‐level manipulation of polar order in epitaxial oxide thin films. Technologically, this review also offers useful guidelines for rational design to heterogeneously integrated oxide‐based multi‐functional devices with high performances.
Targeted Modulation of Competitive Active Sites toward Nitrogen Fixation via Sulfur Vacancy Engineering Over MoS2
Authors: Fei Hao , Liu Ruoqi , Wang Jian , Guo Ting , Wu Zhuangzhi , Wang Dezhi , Liu Fangyang
Published: May 2023

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) offers an environmentally benign and sustainable alternative for NH3 synthesis. However, developing NRR electrocatalysts with both high activity and selectivity remains a significant challenge. Guided by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and further verified by the experiment, a modulated MoS2 with well‐controlled S vacancies (MoS2‐Vs) is prepared as an excellent electrocatalyst for NRR, where both the activity and selectivity of NRR mightily rely on the S‐vacancy concentration. The optimized catalyst (MoS2‐7H) in a suitable S‐vacancy concentration (17.5%) is empowered with an excellent NRR activity (NH3 yield rate: 66.74 µg h−1 mg−1 at −0.6 V) and selectivity (Faradic efficiency (FE): 14.68% at −0.5 V). Further mechanistic study reveals that the NRR performance is powerfully concentration‐dependent since its activity is enhanced due to the S‐vacancy‐strengthened N2 adsorption and reduced reaction energy barrier. Simultaneously, its selectivity is synchronously improved by the steadily enhanced NRR activity and inversely suppressed hydrogen evolution reaction through limiting H2 desorption kinetics, which sets it markedly apart from other reported defective MoS2‐based catalysts.
Magnetic Nanoislands in a Morphotropic Cobaltite Matrix
Authors: Chen Shengru , Rong Dongke , Shang Yan‐Xing , Cai Miming , Li Xinyan , Zhang Qinghua , Xu Shuai , Xu Yue , Gao Hanbin , Hong Haitao , Cui Ting , Jin Qiao , Wang Jia‐Ou , Gu Lin , Zheng Qiang , Wang Can , Zhang Jinxing , Liu Gang‐Qin , Jin Kui‐Juan , Guo Er‐Jia
Published: May 2023

High‐density magnetic memories are essential components for spintronics, quantum computing, and energy‐efficient electronics. Miniaturization of magnetic storage units requires reduced dimensionality and magnetic domain stability at the nanoscale. However, inducing magnetic order and selectively tuning spin‐orbital coupling at specific locations is challenging. Here, an unprecedented approach is demonstrated to construct switchable magnetic nanoislands in a nonmagnetic matrix based on cobaltite homostructures. The magnetic and electronic states are laterally modified by epitaxial strain, which is regionally controlled by freestanding membranes. Tensile‐strained cobaltite layers exhibit ferromagnetic properties, while compressively strained cobaltite layers exhibit a small magnetic response to applied fields. The minimum size of magnetic nanoislands reaches ≈35 nm in diameter, suggesting the highest possible areal density can reach upto ≈400 Gbit/in2. This methodology provides an ideal platform for precisely controlled read/write schemes and enables scalable and patterned memories on silicon and flexible supports for various applications.
Photostable Cascade‐Activatable Peptide Self‐Assembly on a Cancer Cell Membrane for High‐Performance Identification of Human Bladder Cancer
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Zhao Changhao , Li Yaowei , Wang Jiaqi , Hou Dayong , Wang Lu , Wang Yueze , Wang Xunwei , Liu Xiao , Wang Hao , Xu Wanhai
Published: May 2023

Missed or residual tumor burden results in high risk for bladder cancer relapse. However, existing fluorescent probes cannot meet the clinical needs because of inevitable photobleaching properties. Performance can be improved by maintaining intensive and sustained fluorescence signals via resistance to intraoperative saline flushing and intrinsic fluorescent decay, providing surgeons with sufficiently clear and high‐contrast surgical fields, avoiding residual tumors or missed diagnosis. This study designs and synthesizes a photostable cascade‐activatable peptide, a target reaction‐induced aggregation peptide (TRAP) system, which can construct polypeptide‐based nanofibers in situ on the cell membrane to achieve long‐term and stable imaging of bladder cancer. The probe has two parts: a target peptide (TP) targets CD44v6 to recognize bladder cancer cells, and a reaction‐induced aggregation peptide (RAP) is introduced, which effectively reacts with the TP via a click reaction to enhance the hydrophobicity of the whole molecule, assembling into nanofibers and further nanonetworks. Accordingly, probe retention on the cell membrane is prolonged, and photostability is significantly improved. Finally, the TRAP system is successfully employed in the high‐performance identification of human bladder cancer in ex vivo bladder tumor tissues. This cascade‐activatable peptide molecular probe based on the TRAP system enables efficient and stable imaging of bladder cancer.
Noble‐Metal‐Free Single‐ and Dual‐Atom Catalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Li Huaxing , Li Rongjie , Liu Gang , Zhai Maolin , Yu Jiaguo
Published: May 2023

Artificial photosynthesis enables direct solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion aimed at mitigating environmental pollution and producing solar fuels and chemicals in a green and sustainable approach, and efficient, robust, and low‐cost photocatalysts are the heart of artificial photosynthesis systems. As an emerging new class of cocatalytic materials, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) and dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) have received a great deal of current attention due to their maximal atom utilization and unique photocatalytic properties, whereas noble‐metal‐free ones impart abundance, availability, and cost‐effectiveness allowing for scalable implementation. This review outlines the fundamental principles and synthetic methods of SACs and DACs and summarizes the most recent advances in SACs (Co, Fe, Cu, Ni, Bi, Al, Sn, Er, La, Ba, etc.) and DACs (CuNi, FeCo, InCu, KNa, CoCo, CuCu, etc.) based on non‐noble metals, confined on an arsenal of organic or inorganic substrates (polymeric carbon nitride, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal–organic frameworks, carbon, etc.) acting as versatile scaffolds in solar‐light‐driven photocatalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, methane conversion, organic synthesis, nitrogen fixation, hydrogen peroxide production, and environmental remediation. The review concludes with the challenges, opportunities, and future prospects of noble‐metal‐free SACs and DACs for artificial photosynthesis.
X‐ray‐Induced Release of Nitric Oxide from Hafnium‐Based Nanoradiosensitizers for Enhanced Radio‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Nanhui , Zhu Junjie , Zhu Wenjun , Chen Linfu , Li Maoyi , Shen Jingjing , Chen Muchao , Wu Yumin , Pan Feng , Deng Zheng , Liu Yi , Yang Guangbao , Liu Zhuang , Chen Qian , Yang Yang
Published: May 2023

Radiotherapy (RT) is an extensively used strategy for cancer treatment, but its therapeutic effect is usually limited by the abnormal tumor microenvironment (TME) and it lacks the ability to control tumor metastases. In this work, a nanoscale coordination polymer, Hf‐nIm@PEG (HNP), is prepared by the coordination of hafnium ions (Hf4+) with 2‐nitroimidazole (2‐nIm), and then modified with lipid bilayers containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Under low‐dose X‐ray irradiation, on the one hand, Hf4+ with high computed tomography signal enhancement ability can deposit radiation energy to induce DNA damage, and on the other hand, NO can be persistently released from 2‐nIm, which can not only directly react with the radical DNA to prevent the repair of damaged DNA but also relieves the hypoxic immunosuppressive TME to sensitize radiotherapy. Additionally, NO can also react with superoxide ions to generate reactive nitrogen species (RNS) to induce cell apoptosis. More interestingly, it is discovered that Hf4+ can effectively activate the cyclic‐di‐GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway to promote the immune responses induced by radiotherapy. Thus, this work presents a simple but multifunctional nanoscale coordination polymer to deposit radiation energy, trigger the release of NO, modulate the TME, activate the cGAS‐STING pathway, and finally realize synergistic radio‐immunotherapy.
Coaxial 3D Printing of Zeolite‐Based Core–Shell Monolithic Cu‐SSZ‐13@SiO2 Catalysts for Diesel Exhaust Treatment
Authors: Wei Yingzhen , Wang Shuang , Chen Mengyang , Han Jinfeng , Yang Guoju , Wang Qifei , Di Jiancheng , Li Hongli , Wu Wenzheng , Yu Jihong
Published: May 2023

Core–shell catalysts with functional shells can increase the activity and stability of the catalysts in selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammoniax. However, the conventional approaches based on multistep fabrication for core–shell structures encounter persistent restrictions regarding strict synthesis conditions and limited design flexibility. Herein, a facile coaxial 3D printing strategy is for the first time developed to construct zeolite‐based core–shell monolithic catalysts with interconnected honeycomb structures, in which the hydrophilic noncompact silica serves as shell and Cu‐SSZ‐13 zeolite acts as core. Compared to a Cu‐SSZ‐13 monolith which suffers from the interfacial diffusion, the SiO2 shell layer can increase the accessibility of active sites over Cu‐SSZ‐13@SiO2, resulting in a 10–20% higher NO conversion at200−550 °C under 300 000 cm3 g−1 h−1. Meanwhile, a thicker SiO2 shell enhances the hydrothermal stability of the aged catalyst by inhibiting the dealumination and the formation of CuOx. Other representative monolithic catalysts with different topological zeolites as shell and diverse metal oxides as the core can be also realized by this coaxial 3D printing. This strategy allows multiple porous materials to be directly integrated, which allows for flexible design and fabrication of various core–shell monolithic catalysts with customized functionalities.
Longitudinal Through‐Hole Architecture for Efficient and Thickness‐Insensitive Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Duan Xiaopeng , Liu Chunhui , Cai Yunhao , Ye Linglong , Xue Jingwei , Yang Yinuo , Ma Wei , Sun Yanming
Published: May 2023

Semi‐transparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) have great potential for application in vehicle‐ or building‐integrated solar energy harvesting. Ultrathin active layers and electrodes are typically utilized to guarantee high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and high average visible transmittance (AVT) simultaneously; however, such ultrathin parts are unsuitable for industrial high‐throughput manufacturing. In this study, ST‐OSCs are fabricated using a longitudinal through‐hole architecture to achieve functional region division and to eliminate the dependence on ultrathin films. A complete circuit that vertically corresponds to the silver grid is responsible for obtaining high PCE, and the longitudinal through‐holes embedded in it allow most of the light to pass through,where the overall transparency is associated with the through‐hole specification rather than the thicknesses of active layer and electrode. Excellent photovoltaic performance over a wide range of transparency (9.80–60.03%), with PCEs ranging from 6.04% to 15.34% is achieved. More critically, this architecture allows printable 300‐nm‐thick devices to achieve a record‐breaking light utilization efficiency (LUE) of 3.25%, and enables flexible ST‐OSCs to exhibit better flexural endurance by dispersing the extrusion stress into the through‐holes. This study paves the way for fabricating high‐performance ST‐OSCs and shows great promise for the commercialization of organic photovoltaics.
Tuning Catalytic Activity of Ni–Co Nanoparticles Synthesized by Gamma‐Radiolytic Reduction of Acetate Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Yang Yi , Korzhavyi Pavel A. , Nikolaychuk Pavel A. , Bazarkina Elena F. , Kvashnina Kristina O. , Butorin Sergei M. , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Soroka Inna L.
Published: May 2023

Transition metal‐based catalysts show great potential to replace Pt‐based material in energy conversion devices thanks to their low cost, reasonable intrinsic activity, thermodynamic stability, and corrosion resistance. The electrochemical performance of such catalysts is sensitive to their composition and structure. Here, it is demonstrated that homogeneous alloy nanoparticles with varying Ni‐to‐Co ratio and controlled structure can be synthesized from aqueous Ni(Co) acetate solutions using a facile γ‐radiolytic reduction method. The obtained samples are found to possess defects that are ordered to form polytypes structures. The concentration of these defects depends on the Ni‐to‐Co ratio, as supported by the results of ab initio calculations. It is found that structural defects may influence the activity of catalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction, while this effect is less pronounced with respect to the oxygen reduction reaction. At the same time, the activity of Ni–Co catalysts in the hydrogen evolution reaction is affected by formation of NiOH bonds on the surface rather than by the presence of structural defects. This study demonstrates that the composition of NiCo nanoparticles is an essential factor affecting their structure, and both composition and structure can be tuned to optimize electrochemical performance with respect to various catalytic reactions.
Highly Resolved and Cross‐Talk Free Multiplexed Holograms via Broadband Vectorial Interferometry
Authors: Audia Biagio , Pagliusi Pasquale , Mazzulla Alfredo , Cipparrone Gabriella
Published: May 2023

The ever‐growing demand for ultracompact micro‐ and nano‐optics is guided by efficient applications in augmented/virtual reality, displays, and Fourier optics. The current technologies, mainly based on meta‐solutions, suffer in terms of efficiency and tunability, as well as complex and multi‐step fabrication methods that may limit their full‐scale potential. Herein, a broadband laser composed of close and highly correlated lines allows, via interference patterning, for simultaneous encoding of multiplexed, independent, and cross‐talk free holograms with nanometric separation. The reported findings show that such light, unusual for holographic recording, unlocks new features of organized collective phenomena, overcoming the usual spatial resolution limitations of the optical techniques. This approach gives promising perspectives for in situ design of reconfigurable structured optics, besides the obvious advantages of full‐scalability, easiness, cost effectiveness, and time and energy consumption.