bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
X-rays from Radio Millisecond Pulsars
Authors: Bogdanov Slavko
Published: June 2018

The Galactic population of rotation-powered (aka radio) millisecond pulsars (MSPs) exhibits diverse X-ray properties. Energetic MSPs show pulsed non-thermal radiation from their magnetospheres. Eclipsing binary MSPs predominantly have X-ray emission from a pulsar wind driven intra-binary shock. Typical radio MSPs emit X-rays from their heated magnetic polar caps. These thermally emitting MSPs offer the opportunity to place interesting constraints on the long sought after dense matter equation of state, making them important targets of investigation of the recently deployed Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) X-ray mission.
A multi-wavelength view of the pulsar environments
Authors: Zanin Roberta
Published: June 2018

Sometimes the explosion of a supernova can generate a pulsar, most of whose rotational energy is carried away by an energetic wind of particles and magnetic fields expanding into its surroundings and eventually forming extended nebulae, i.e. the pulsar wind nebulae. The experimental advances reached in the last decades, from radio frequencies up to the highest gamma-ray energies, with instruments like VLA, VLBA, Chandra, NuStar, Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. among the others, led to the discovery of hundreds of this kind of sources allowing for population studies. In addition, this variety of high-precision spectral and morphological measurement provided an unprecedented opportunity to test and push forward the state-of-the-art theoretical models. In this contribution, we will review the latest, and most significant theoretical and experimental results.
Feasibility of WHO mhGAP-intervention guide in reducing experienced discrimination in people with mental disorders: a pilot study in a rural Kenyan setting
Authors: Mutiso V. N. , Pike K. , Musyimi C. W. , Rebello T. J. , Tele A. , Gitonga I. , Thornicroft G. , Ndetei D. M.
Published: June 2018

Aims

Stigma can have a negative impact on help-seeking behaviour, treatment adherence and recovery of people with mental disorders. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of the WHO Mental Health Treatment Gap Interventions Guidelines (mhGAP-IG) to reduce stigma in face-to-face contacts during interventions for specific DSM-IV/ICD 10 diagnoses over a 6-month period.

Methods

This study was conducted in 20 health facilities across Makueni County in southeast Kenya which has one of the poorest economies in the country and has no psychiatrist or clinical psychologist. We recruited 2305 participants from the health facilities catchment areas that had already been exposed to community mental health services. We measured stigma using DISC-12 at baseline, followed by training to the health professionals on intervention using the WHO mhGAP-IG and then conducted a follow-up DISC-12 assessment after 6 months. Proper management of the patients by the trained professionals would contribute to the reduction of stigma in the patients.

Results

There was 59.5% follow-up at 6 months. Overall, there was a significant decline in ‘reported/experienced discrimination’ following the interventions. A multivariate linear mixed model regression indicated that better outcomes of ‘unfair treatment’ scores were associated with: being married, low education, being young, being self-employed, higher wealth index and being diagnosed with depression. For ‘stopping self’ domain, better outcomes were associated with being female, married, employed, young, lower wealth index and a depression diagnosis. In regards to ‘overcoming stigma’ domain; being male, being educated, employed, higher wealth index and being diagnosed with depression was associated with better outcomes.

Conclusions

The statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction of discrimination following the interventions by trained health professionals suggest that the mhGAP-IG may be a useful tool for reduction of discrimination in rural settings in low-income countries.
Uranus's Northern Polar Cap in 2014
Authors: Toledo Daniel , Irwin Patrick G. J. , Teanby Nicholas A. , Simon Amy A. , Wong Michael H. , Orton Glenn S.
Published: June 2018

In October and November 2014, spectra covering the 1.436 to 1.863‐μm wavelength range from the SINFONI Integral Field Unit Spectrometer on the Very Large Telescope showed the presence of a vast bright north polar cap on Uranus, extending northward from about 40°N and at all longitudes observed. The feature, first detected in August 2014 from Keck telescope images, has a morphology very similar to the southern polar cap that was seen to fade before the 2007 equinox. At strong methane‐absorbing wavelengths (for which only the high troposphere or stratosphere is sampled) the feature is not visible, indicating that it is not a stratospheric phenomenon. We show that the observed northern bright polar cap results mainly from a decrease in the tropospheric methane mixing ratio, rather than from a possible latitudinal variation of the optical properties or abundance of aerosol, implying an increase in polar downwelling near the tropopause level.
Solitary Waves Across Supercritical Quasi‐Perpendicular Shocks
Authors: Vasko I. Y. , Mozer F. S. , Krasnoselskikh V. V. , Artemyev A. V. , Agapitov O. V. , Bale S. D. , Avanov L. , Ergun R. , Giles B. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. , Torbert R.
Published: June 2018

We consider intense electrostatic solitary waves (ESW) observed in a supercritical quasi‐perpendicular Earth's bow shock crossing by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission. The ESW have spatial scales of a few tens of meters (a few Debye lengths) and propagate oblique to a local quasi‐static magnetic field with velocities from a few tens to a few hundred kilometers per second in the spacecraft frame. Because the ESW spatial scales are comparable to the separation between voltage‐sensitive probes, correction factors are used to compute the ESW electric fields. The ESW have electric fields with amplitudes exceeding 600 mV/m (oriented oblique to the local magnetic field) and negative electrostatic potentials with amplitudes of a few tenths of the electron temperature. The negative electrostatic potentials indicate that the ESW are not electron phase space holes, while interpretation in terms of ions phase space holes is also questionable. Whatever is their nature, we show that due to the oblique electric field orientation the ESW are capable of efficient pitch‐angle scattering and isotropization of thermal electrons. Due to the negative electrostatic potentials the ESW Fermi reflects a significant fraction of the thermal electrons streaming from upstream (downstream) back to upstream (downstream) region, thereby affecting the shock dynamics. The role of the ESW in electron heating is discussed.
Revisiting the Mystery of Recent Stratospheric Temperature Trends
Authors: Maycock Amanda C. , Randel William J. , Steiner Andrea K. , Karpechko Alexey Yu , Christy John , Saunders Roger , Thompson David W. J. , Zou Cheng‐Zhi , Chrysanthou Andreas , Luke Abraham N. , Akiyoshi Hideharu , Archibald Alex T. , Butchart Neal , Chipperfield Martyn , Dameris Martin , Deushi Makoto , Dhomse Sandip , Di Genova Glauco , Jöckel Patrick , Kinnison Douglas E. , Kirner Oliver , Ladstädter Florian , Michou Martine , Morgenstern Olaf , O'Connor Fiona , Oman Luke , Pitari Giovanni , Plummer David A. , Revell Laura E. , Rozanov Eugene , Stenke Andrea , Visioni Daniele , Yamashita Yousuke , Zeng Guang
Published: June 2018

Simulated stratospheric temperatures over the period 1979–2016 in models from the Chemistry‐Climate Model Initiative are compared with recently updated and extended satellite data sets. The multimodel mean global temperature trends over 1979–2005 are −0.88 ± 0.23, −0.70 ± 0.16, and −0.50 ± 0.12 K/decade for the Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) channels 3 (~40–50 km), 2 (~35–45 km), and 1 (~25–35 km), respectively (with 95% confidence intervals). These are within the uncertainty bounds of the observed temperature trends from two reprocessed SSU data sets. In the lower stratosphere, the multimodel mean trend in global temperature for the Microwave Sounding Unit channel 4 (~13–22 km) is −0.25 ± 0.12 K/decade over 1979–2005, consistent with observed estimates from three versions of this satellite record. The models and an extended satellite data set comprised of SSU with the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit‐A show weaker global stratospheric cooling over 1998–2016 compared to the period of intensive ozone depletion (1979–1997). This is due to the reduction in ozone‐induced cooling from the slowdown of ozone trends and the onset of ozone recovery since the late 1990s. In summary, the results show much better consistency between simulated and satellite‐observed stratospheric temperature trends than was reported by Thompson et al. (2012, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11579) for the previous versions of the SSU record and chemistry‐climate models. The improved agreement mainly comes from updates to the satellite records; the range of stratospheric temperature trends over 1979–2005 simulated in Chemistry‐Climate Model Initiative models is comparable to the previous generation of chemistry‐climate models.
Effects of Confining Stress on the Semipermeability of Siliceous Mudstones: Implications for Identifying Geologic Membrane Behaviors of Argillaceous Formations
Authors: Takeda M. , Manaka M.
Published: June 2018

The semipermeability arising from filtration effects on ionic species at the pore spaces in clay minerals has been recognized as a fundamental transport property of argillites. However, little is known about the dependence of the semipermeability on the confining stress that controls the pore sizes. Thus, we investigated the evolution of the semipermeability during cyclic loading by performing chemical osmosis experiments on siliceous mudstones. Results show that the semipermeability irreversibly increases with increasing confining stress, but once the stress exceeds the past maximum effective burial stress, it reversibly changes in accordance with the change in the stress. The net increase in the semipermeability from the first loading cycle to the last unloading cycle implies the irreversible shrinking of pores that should have expanded owing to stress relief before testing. The reversible change in the semipermeability probably reflects the reversible pore deformation due to the elasticity of argillites in the overconsolidated state.
Statistical Study of the Properties of Magnetosheath Lion Roars
Authors: Giagkiozis Stefanos , Wilson Lynn B. , Burch James L. , Le Contel Olivier , Ergun Robert E. , Gershman Daniel J. , Lindqvist Per‐Arne , Mirioni Laurent , Moore Thomas E. , Strangeway Robert J.
Published: June 2018

Lion roars are narrowband whistler wave emissions that have been observed in several environments, such as planetary magnetosheaths, the Earth's magnetosphere, the solar wind, downstream of interplanetary shocks, and the cusp region. We present measurements of more than 30,000 such emissions observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft with high‐cadence (8,192 samples/s) search coil magnetometer data. A semiautomatic algorithm was used to identify the emissions, and an adaptive interval algorithm in conjunction with minimum variance analysis was used to determine their wave vector. The properties of the waves are determined in both the spacecraft and plasma rest frame. The mean wave normal angle, with respect to the background magnetic field (B0), plasma bulk flow velocity (Vb), and the coplanarity plane (Vb×B0) are 23°, 56°, and 0°, respectively. The average peak frequencies were ∼31% of the electron gyrofrequency (ωce) observed in the spacecraft frame and ∼18% of ωce in the plasma rest frame. In the spacecraft frame, ∼99% of the emissions had a frequency <ωce, while 98% had a peak frequency <0.72ωce in the plasma rest frame. None of the waves had frequencies lower than the lower hybrid frequency, ω. From the probability density function of the electron plasma βe, the ratio between the electron thermal and magnetic pressure, ∼99.6% of the waves were observed with βe<4 with a large narrow peak at 0.07 and two smaller, but wider, peaks at 1.26 and 2.28, while the average value was ∼1.25.
Caregiver Impressions of Clinical Effectiveness of an Intensive Behavioral Feeding Program
Authors: Begotka Andrea , Long Beth , Goday Praveen S. , Silverman Alan H.
Published: June 2018

Intensive outpatient behavioral feeding programs are frequently used in the treatment of severe feeding disorders to decrease negative mealtime behaviors of affected children and improve caregiver-child mealtime interactions. Yet, there are few descriptions of these clinical practices and their clinical effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to describe an intensive outpatient feeding treatment protocol and to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the program. This study utilizes prepost treatment design studying patients completing a 5-day intensive outpatient parent training protocol. This study utilized caregiver completed measures including the Mealtime Behavior Questionnaire; the About Your Child’s Eating Questionnaire; the Feeding Strategies Questionnaire; and the Parent Stress Index. Findings showed pre-to-post improvements of interactions between caregivers and children within a mealtime context, decreased problematic mealtime behaviors, and improved caregiver use of effective mealtime strategies. Decreases in caregiver distress and caregiver perceptions of their child as “difficult” were also found. These findings support the use of intensive outpatient treatment programs to help caregivers learn to use effective strategies that facilitate appropriate interactions between themselves and their children within a feeding context.

Implications for Impact Statement

This study describes a brief intensive outpatient treatment program for feeding disorders of childhood. Based on caregiver impressions, this intervention improved mealtime interactions, child mealtime behaviors, caregiver use of effective mealtime strategies, while decreasing caregiver stress.
Temporal dynamics of microbiota before and after host death
Authors: Preiswerk David , Walser Jean-Claude , Ebert Dieter
Published: June 2018

The habitats that animals, humans and plants provide for microbial communities are inevitably transient, changing drastically when these hosts die. Because microbes associated with living hosts are ensured prime access to the deceased host’s organic matter, it is feasible that opportunistic, adaptable lifestyles are widespread among host-associated microbes. Here we investigate the temporal dynamics of microbiota by starving to death a host—the planktonic Crustacean Daphnia magna—and tracking the changes in its microbial community as it approaches death, dies and decomposes. Along with obligate host-associated microbes that vanished after the host’s death and decomposers that appeared after the host’s death, we also detected microbes with opportunistic lifestyles, seemingly capable of exploiting the host even before its death. We suggest that the period around host death plays an important role for host–microbiota ecology and for the evolution of hosts and their microbes.
A longitudinal study on deep brain stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle for treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Fenoy Albert J. , Schulz Paul E. , Selvaraj Sudhakar , Burrows Christina L. , Zunta-Soares Giovanna , Durkin Kathryn , Zanotti-Fregonara Paolo , Quevedo Joao , Soares Jair C.
Published: June 2018

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the superolateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) has been reported to lead to rapid antidepressant effects. In this longitudinal study, we expand upon the initial results we reported at 26 weeks (Fenoy et al., 2016), showing sustained antidepressant effects of MFB DBS on six patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) over 1 year. The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used as the primary assessment tool. Deterministic fiber tracking was used to individually map the target area; analysis was performed to compare modulated fiber tracts between patients. Intraoperatively, upon stimulation at target, responders reported immediate increases in energy and motivation. An insertional effect was seen during the 4-week sham stimulation phase from baseline (28% mean MADRS reduction,p = 0.02). However, after 1 week of initiating stimulation, three of six patients had a > 50% decrease in MADRS scores relative to baseline (43% mean MADRS reduction,p = 0.005). One patient withdrew from study participation. At 52 weeks, four of remaining five patients have > 70% decrease in MADRS scores relative to baseline (73% mean MADRS reduction,p = 0.007). Evaluation of modulated fiber tracts reveals significant common orbitofrontal connectivity to the target region in all responders. Neuropsychological testing and18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography cerebral metabolism evaluations performed at baseline and at 52 weeks showed minimal changes and verified safety. This longitudinal evaluation of MFB DBS demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects, as initially reported by Schlaepfer et al. (2013), and supports the use of DBS for TRD.
DDX39 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis through activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Zhang Tong , Ma Zhenjiang , Liu Lijuan , Sun Jian , Tang Hui , Zhang Bing , Zou Ying , Li Heping
Published: June 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer related death worldwide; however, the molecular mechanisms regulating HCC progression remain largely unknown. In this study, we determined the role of DDX39 which a DEAD-box RNA helicase in HCC progression, and found DDX39 was upregulated in HCC tissues and cells, DDX39 expression was positive correlated with advanced clinical stage, survival analysis showed patients with high-DDX39 levels had poor outcome, it was an independent prognostic factor. Functional analysis revealed that DDX39 overexpression promoted HCC cell migration, invasion, growth, and metastasis, DDX39 knockdown inhibited HCC cell migration, invasion, growth, and metastasis. Mechanism analysis suggested DDX39 overexpression increased β-catenin expression in nucleus and increased Wnt/β-catenin pathway target genes levels, while DDX39 knockdown reduced this effect. Knockdown of Wnt/β-catenin pathway co-activators TCF4 and LEF1 in DDX39 overexpressing HCC cells inhibited Wnt/β-catenin pathway target genes. The invasion ability was also reduced, confirming DDX39 regulates HCC progression by activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In conclusion, we found DDX39 is a target and prognostic factor for HCC, and promotes HCC migration, invasion, growth, and metastasis by activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
COMP-prohibitin 2 interaction maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and controls smooth muscle cell identity
Authors: Jia Yiting , Wang Meili , Mao Chenfeng , Yu Fang , Wang Yingbao , Xiao Rui , Jiang Changtao , Zheng Lemin , Xu Qingbo , Zheng Ming , Fu Yi , Hu Qinghua , Kong Wei
Published: June 2018

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are highly phenotypically plastic, and loss of the contractile phenotype in VSMCs has been recognized at the early onset of the pathology of a variety of vascular diseases. However, the endogenous regulatory mechanism to maintain contractile phenotype in VSMCs remains elusive. Moreover, little has been known about the role of the mitochondrial bioenergetics in terms of VSMC homeostasis. Herein, we asked if glycoprotein COMP (Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) is involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics and therefore regulates VSMCs homeostasis. By using fluorescence assay, subcellular western blot and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis, we found that extracellular matrix protein COMP unexpectedly localized within mitochondria. Further mitochondrial transplantation revealed that both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial COMP maintained VSMC identity. Moreover, microarray analysis revealed that COMP deficiency impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in VSMCs. Further study confirmed that COMP deficiency caused mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction accompanied by morphological abnormality. Moreover, the interactome of mitochondrial COMP revealed that COMP interacted with prohibitin 2, and COMP–prohibitin 2 interaction maintained mitochondrial homeostasis. Additionally, disruption of COMP–prohibitin 2 interaction caused VSMC dedifferentiation in vitro and enhanced the neointima formation post rat carotid artery injury in vivo. In conclusion, COMP–prohibitin 2 interaction in mitochondria plays an important role in maintaining the contractile phenotype of VSMCs by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Maintaining the homeostasis of mitochondrial respiration through COMP–prohibitin 2 interaction may shed light on prevention of vascular disease.
Sorting nexin 10 controls mTOR activation through regulating amino-acid metabolism in colorectal cancer
Authors: Le Yunchen , Zhang Sulin , Ni Jiahui , You Yan , Luo Kejing , Yu Yunqiu , Shen Xiaoyan
Published: June 2018

Amino-acid metabolism plays a vital role in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which is the pivot in colorectal cancer (CRC). Upregulated chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) activity contributes to the regulation of metabolism in cancer cells. Previously, we found that sorting nexin 10 (SNX10) is a critical regulator in CMA activation. Here we investigated the role of SNX10 in regulating amino-acid metabolism and mTOR signaling pathway activation, as well as the impact on the tumor progression of mouse CRC. Our results showed that SNX10 deficiency promoted colorectal tumorigenesis in male FVB mice and CRC cell proliferation and survival. Metabolic pathway analysis of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data revealed unique changes of amino-acid metabolism by SNX10 deficiency. In HCT116 cells, SNX10 knockout resulted in the increase of CMA and mTOR activation, which could be abolished by chloroquine treatment or reversed by SNX10 overexpression. By small RNA interference (siRNA), we found that the activation of mTOR was dependent on lysosomal-associated membrane protein type-2A (LAMP-2A), which is a limiting factor of CMA. Similar results were also found in Caco-2 and SW480 cells. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight (UHPLC-QTOF) and GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics revealed that 10 amino-acid metabolism in SNX10-deficient cells were significantly upregulated, which could be restored by LAMP-2A siRNA. All of these amino acids were previously reported to be involved in mTOR activation. In conclusion, this work revealed that SNX10 controls mTOR activation through regulating CMA-dependent amino-acid metabolism, which provides potential target and strategy for treating CRC.
Humanized mice reveal an essential role for human hepatocytes in the development of the liver immune system
Authors: Guo Jinglong , Li Yang , Shan Yanhong , Shu Chang , Wang Feng , Wang Xue , Zheng Ge , He Jin , Hu Zheng , Yang Yong-Guang
Published: June 2018

The liver is an immunological organ with a distinct immune cell profile. Although the composition and function of liver immune cells have been widely investigated, the mechanisms regulating the development and homeostasis of the specialized immune system, especially in humans, remain largely unknown. Herein, we address this question in humanized mice (hu-mice) that were constructed by transplantation of human fetal thymus and CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in immunodeficient mice with or without autologous human hepatocyte engraftment. Although the levels of human immune cell reconstitution in peripheral blood and spleen were comparable between hu-mice with and without human hepatocyte engraftment, the former group showed that human immune cell reconstitution in the liver was significantly improved. Notably, human immune cells, including Kupffer cells, dendritic cells and natural killer cells, were shown to be closely colocalized with human hepatocytes in the liver. Human hepatocytes engrafted in the mouse liver were found to produce IL-3, IL-15, GM-CSF, M-CSF, MCP-1, CXCL-1 and CXCL-10, which are known to be important for immune cell development, differentiation, tissue migration and retention, and have no or poor cross-reaction between humans and mice. Furthermore, human hepatocytes were able to support human immune cell survival and expansion in an in vitro co-culture assay. This study demonstrates an essential role for hepatocytes in the development and maintenance of the liver immune cell profile. The hu-mouse model with human autologous immune cell and hepatocyte reconstitution has potential for use in studies of the pathogenesis of liver immune disorders such as hepatotropic virus infections.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Lang Tali , Lee Jacinta P. W. , Elgass Kirstin , Pinar Anita A. , Tate Michelle D. , Aitken Elizabeth H. , Fan Huapeng , Creed Sarah J. , Deen Nadia S. , Traore Daouda A. K. , Mueller Ivo , Stanisic Danielle , Baiwog Francesca S. , Skene Colin , Wilce Matthew C. J. , Mansell Ashley , Morand Eric F. , Harris James
Published: June 2018

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) exerts multiple effects on immune cells, as well as having functions outside the immune system. MIF can promote inflammation through the induction of other cytokines, including TNF, IL-6, and IL-1 family cytokines. Here, we show that inhibition of MIF regulates the release of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-18, not by affecting transcription or translation of these cytokines, but via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. MIF is required for the interaction between NLRP3 and the intermediate filament protein vimentin, which is critical for NLRP3 activation. Further, we demonstrate that MIF interacts with NLRP3, indicating a role for MIF in inflammasome activation independent of its role as a cytokine. These data advance our understanding of how MIF regulates inflammation and identify it as a factor critical for NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Rapid and widespread white matter plasticity during an intensive reading intervention
Authors: Huber Elizabeth , Donnelly Patrick M. , Rokem Ariel , Yeatman Jason D.
Published: June 2018

White matter tissue properties are known to correlate with performance across domains ranging from reading to math, to executive function. Here, we use a longitudinal intervention design to examine experience-dependent growth in reading skills and white matter in grade school-aged, struggling readers. Diffusion MRI data were collected at regular intervals during an 8-week, intensive reading intervention. These measurements reveal large-scale changes throughout a collection of white matter tracts, in concert with growth in reading skill. Additionally, we identify tracts whose properties predict reading skill but remain fixed throughout the intervention, suggesting that some anatomical properties stably predict the ease with which a child learns to read, while others dynamically reflect the effects of experience. These results underscore the importance of considering recent experience when interpreting cross-sectional anatomy–behavior correlations. Widespread changes throughout the white matter may be a hallmark of rapid plasticity associated with an intensive learning experience.
Dynamically prognosticating patients with hepatocellular carcinoma through survival paths mapping based on time-series data
Authors: Shen Lujun , Zeng Qi , Guo Pi , Huang Jingjun , Li Chaofeng , Pan Tao , Chang Boyang , Wu Nan , Yang Lewei , Chen Qifeng , Huang Tao , Li Wang , Wu Peihong
Published: June 2018

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) always require routine surveillance and repeated treatment, which leads to accumulation of huge amount of clinical data. A predictive model utilizes the time-series data to facilitate dynamic prognosis prediction and treatment planning is warranted. Here we introduced an analytical approach, which converts the time-series data into a cascading survival map, in which each survival path bifurcates at fixed time interval depending on selected prognostic features by the Cox-based feature selection. We apply this approach in an intermediate-scale database of patients with BCLC stage B HCC and get a survival map consisting of 13 different survival paths, which is demonstrated to have superior or equal value than conventional staging systems in dynamic prognosis prediction from 3 to 12 months after initial diagnosis in derivation, internal testing, and multicentric testing cohorts. This methodology/model could facilitate dynamic prognosis prediction and treatment planning for patients with HCC in the future.
Interplay between spherical confinement and particle shape on the self-assembly of rounded cubes
Authors: Wang Da , Hermes Michiel , Kotni Ramakrishna , Wu Yaoting , Tasios Nikos , Liu Yang , de Nijs Bart , van der Wee Ernest B. , Murray Christopher B. , Dijkstra Marjolein , van Blaaderen Alfons
Published: June 2018

Self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) inside drying emulsion droplets provides a general strategy for hierarchical structuring of matter at different length scales. The local orientation of neighboring crystalline NPs can be crucial to optimize for instance the optical and electronic properties of the self-assembled superstructures. By integrating experiments and computer simulations, we demonstrate that the orientational correlations of cubic NPs inside drying emulsion droplets are significantly determined by their flat faces. We analyze the rich interplay of positional and orientational order as the particle shape changes from a sharp cube to a rounded cube. Sharp cubes strongly align to form simple-cubic superstructures whereas rounded cubes assemble into icosahedral clusters with additionally strong local orientational correlations. This demonstrates that the interplay between packing, confinement and shape can be utilized to develop new materials with novel properties.
Dephosphorylation of the HIV-1 restriction factor SAMHD1 is mediated by PP2A-B55α holoenzymes during mitotic exit
Authors: Schott Kerstin , Fuchs Nina V. , Derua Rita , Mahboubi Bijan , Schnellbächer Esther , Seifried Janna , Tondera Christiane , Schmitz Heike , Shepard Caitlin , Brandariz-Nuñez Alberto , Diaz-Griffero Felipe , Reuter Andreas , Kim Baek , Janssens Veerle , König Renate
Published: June 2018

SAMHD1 is a critical restriction factor for HIV-1 in non-cycling cells and its antiviral activity is regulated by T592 phosphorylation. Here, we show that SAMHD1 dephosphorylation at T592 is controlled during the cell cycle, occurring during M/G1 transition in proliferating cells. Using several complementary proteomics and biochemical approaches, we identify the phosphatase PP2A-B55α responsible for rendering SAMHD1 antivirally active. SAMHD1 is specifically targeted by PP2A-B55α holoenzymes during mitotic exit, in line with observations that PP2A-B55α is a key mitotic exit phosphatase in mammalian cells. Strikingly, as HeLa or activated primary CD4+ T cells enter the G1 phase, pronounced reduction of RT products is observed upon HIV-1 infection dependent on the presence of dephosphorylated SAMHD1. Moreover, PP2A controls SAMHD1 pT592 level in non-cycling monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Thus, the PP2A-B55α holoenzyme is a key regulator to switch on the antiviral activity of SAMHD1.
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species regulate the induction of CD8+ T cells by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Oberkampf Marine , Guillerey Camille , Mouriès Juliette , Rosenbaum Pierre , Fayolle Catherine , Bobard Alexandre , Savina Ariel , Ogier-Denis Eric , Enninga Jost , Amigorena Sebastian , Leclerc Claude , Dadaglio Gilles
Published: June 2018

Cross-presentation allows exogenous antigen presentation in association with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, a process crucial for the priming of CD8+ T-cell responses against viruses and tumors. By contrast to conventional dendritic cells (cDC), which cross-present antigens in the steady state, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) acquire this ability only after stimulation by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. The intracellular pathways accounting for this functional difference are still unknown. Here we show that the induction of cross-presentation by pDCs is regulated by mitochondria through a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mechanism, involving pH alkalization and antigen protection. The reduction of mitochondrial ROS production dramatically decreases the cross-presentation capacity of pDCs, leading to a strong reduction of their capacity to trigger CD8+ T-cell responses. Our results demonstrate the importance of mitochondrial metabolism in pDC biology, particularly for the induction of adaptive immune responses.
The Roles of Attentional Shifts and Attentional Reengagement in Resolving The Spatial Compatibility Effect in Tactile Simon-like Tasks
Authors: Zheng Wanting , Chen Lihan
Published: June 2018

The Simon effect refers to the acceleration of choice responses when the target position and response location are consistent compared with scenarios in which they are inconsistent, even if the target position is not relevant to the response. Here, we provide the first demonstration that the tactile Simon-like effect operates in an attention-shifting manner. In unimodal scenarios (Experiments 1–4), for the tactile direction task, the spatial compatibility effect was absent in the focused-attention condition but maintained in the divided-attention condition. For the tactile localization task, this pattern was reversed: the spatial compatibility effect occurred for the focused-attention condition but was reduced/absent in the divided-attention condition. In the audiotactile interaction scenario (Experiment 5), the reaction times (RTs) for discriminating the tactile motion direction were prolonged; however, a spatial compatibility effect was not observed. We propose that the temporal course of resolving conflicts between spatial codes during attentional shifts, including attentional reengagement, may account for the tactile Simon-like effect.
Erratum: Complementarity effects on tree growth are contingent on tree size and climatic conditions across Europe
Authors: Madrigal-González Jaime , Ruiz-Benito Paloma , Ratcliffe Sophia , Calatayud Joaquín , Kändler Gerald , Lehtonen Aleksi , Dahlgren Jonas , Wirth Christian , Zavala Miguel A.
Published: June 2018

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 32233; published online: 30 August 2016; updated: 04 June 2018 A Supplementary Information file containing Appendices A and B was omitted from the original version of this Article. This has been corrected in the HTML version of the Article; the PDF version was correct at time of publication.
Quantitative evaluation of the interface lattice quality of a strain superlattice by strain analysis
Authors: Wen Huihui , Zhang Hongye , Liu Zhanwei , Liu Chao , Liu Shuman , Yang Xinan , Liu Fengqi , Xie Huimin
Published: June 2018

Based on the real strain analysis of two kinds of materials, the interface lattice quality is quantitatively evaluated.
Potential of mid-infrared spectroscopy as a non-invasive diagnostic test in urine for endometrial or ovarian cancer
Authors: Paraskevaidi Maria , Morais Camilo L. M. , Lima Kássio M. G. , Ashton Katherine M. , Stringfellow Helen F. , Martin-Hirsch Pierre L. , Martin Francis L.
Published: June 2018

Attenuated total reflection FTIR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has been combined with chemometrics to detect women with endometrial and ovarian carcinomas using non-invasively collected urine samples.
Quantitative colorimetric paper analytical devices based on radial distance measurements for aqueous metal determination
Authors: Hofstetter Josephine C. , Wydallis John B. , Neymark Gabe , Reilly III Thomas H. , Harrington Jim , Henry Charles S.
Published: June 2018

The On-Target test cards are a rapid testing method for untrained users to quantitatively assess contaminants in aqueous samples.
An all thiol–ene microchip for solid phase extraction featuring an in situ polymerized monolith and integrated 3D replica-molded emitter for direct electrospray mass spectrometry
Authors: Jönsson Alexander , Lafleur Josiane P. , Sticker Drago , Kutter Jörg P.
Published: June 2018

Pre-concentration and clean-up are essential sample preparation steps in environmental, forensics and bio-analytical assays.
New paper-based microfluidic tools for the analysis of blood serum protein and creatinine builtviaaerosolized deposition of polycaprolactone
Authors: Heist Christopher A. , Bandara Gayan C. , Bemis David J. , Pommerenck Joel C. , Remcho Vincent T.
Published: June 2018

Aerosolized deposition of a polymer solution to a substrate allows for rapid, low-cost fabrication of 3D microfluidic devices for bioassays.
A conjugated microporous polymer based visual sensing platform for aminoglycoside antibiotics in water
Authors: Bhunia Subhajit , Dey Nilanjan , Pradhan Anirban , Bhattacharya Santanu
Published: June 2018

A conjugated microporous polymer has been designed for stereo-specific “Turn ON” biosensing of neomycin in water.
Recombinant-fully-human-antibody decorated highly-stable far-red AIEdots forin vivoHER-2 receptor-targeted imaging
Authors: Wu Yayun , Chen Zhizhen , Zhang Pengfei , Zhou Lihua , Jiang Tao , Chen Huajie , Gong Ping , Dimitrov Dimiter S. , Cai Lintao , Zhao Qi
Published: June 2018

We produced a new anti-HER2 recombinant fully human antibody identified from a phage-displayed human antibody library, which was conjugated with far-red AIEdots through metal-free click chemistry forin vivotumor-targeted imaging.
Tuning the electronic state of metal/graphene catalysts for the control of catalytic activity via N- and B-doping into graphene
Authors: Yun Yang Sik , Park Hongseok , Yun Danim , Song Chyan Kyung , Kim Tae Yong , Lee Kyung Rok , Kim Younhwa , Han Jeong Woo , Yi Jongheop
Published: June 2018

Catalytic activity was efficiently tuned via manipulating the electronic state of a catalyst, induced by a facile doping method in a metal/graphene system.
Rare earth arylsilazido compounds with inequivalent secondary interactions
Authors: Boteju Kasuni C. , Wan Suchen , Venkatesh Amrit , Ellern Arkady , Rossini Aaron J. , Sadow Aaron D.
Published: June 2018

Planar, three-coordinate homoleptic rare earth complexes Ln{N(SiHMe2)Dipp}3 (Ln = Sc, Y, and Lu), each containing three secondary Ln↼HSi interactions, react with acetophenone via hydrosilylation, rather than by insertion into the Y–N bond or by enolate formation.
Morphology tuning and electron emission properties of a carbonaceous LaB6 system obtained using a thermal plasma route
Authors: Kamble Shalaka A. , Harpale Kashmira , Ghorui S. , Bhattacharjee D. , Bhoraskar S. V. , More M. A. , Mathe V. L.
Published: June 2018

In the present study, we report the morphological tuning of carbonaceous nanocrystalline lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) using an arc plasma route.
Influence of Ce3+ polarons on grain boundary space-charge in proton conducting Y-doped BaCeO3
Authors: Polfus Jonathan M. , Pishahang Mehdi , Bredesen Rune
Published: June 2018

Ce3+ polarons associated with oxygen vacancies in the grain boundary core lowers the space-charge potential and may enhance n-type conduction.
Doping stability of nonphotorefractive ions in stoichiometric and congruent LiNbO3
Authors: Li Lili , Li Yanlu , Zhao Xian
Published: June 2018

The doping stability of various nonphotorefractive ions including Mg, Zn, In, Sc, Sn, Hf, and Zr in stoichiometric, congruent, and Fe-doped LiNbO3 has been investigated by hybrid density functional theory.
Antisite-disorder engineering in La-based oxide heterostructures via oxygen vacancy control
Authors: Dey Urmimala , Chatterjee Swastika , Taraphder A.
Published: June 2018

It has been realized lately that disorder, primarily in the form of oxygen vacancies, cation stoichiometry, atomic inter-diffusion and antisite defects, has a major effect on the electronic and transport properties of a 2D electron liquid at oxide hetero-interfaces – the first and the last being the two key players.
The impact of tensorial temperature on equilibrium thermodynamics
Authors: Sega Marcello , Jedlovszky Pál
Published: June 2018

By studying a sessile water droplet, it is shown that tensorial temperature leads to the wrong thermodynamics.
X-ray-induced sample damage at the Mn L-edge: a case study for soft X-ray spectroscopy of transition metal complexes in solution
Authors: Kubin Markus , Kern Jan , Guo Meiyuan , Källman Erik , Mitzner Rolf , Yachandra Vittal K. , Lundberg Marcus , Yano Junko , Wernet Philippe
Published: June 2018

Dose-dependent damage to a Mniii complex in solution, induced by soft X-rays, is investigated with Mn L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
Seawater electrolyte-mediated high volumetric MXene-based electrochemical symmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Xia Qi Xun , Shinde Nanasaheb M. , Zhang Tengfei , Yun Je Moon , Zhou Aiguo , Mane Rajaram S. , Mathur Sanjay , Kim Kwang Ho
Published: June 2018

A natural seawater electrolyte-mediated MXene//MXene asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrates a 27.4 F cm−3 volumetric specific capacitance at 0.25 A g−1, and 96.6% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles.
Thymus lanceolatus ethanolic extract protects human cells from t-BHP induced oxidative damage
Authors: Caprioli Giovanni , Maggi Filippo , Bendif Hamdi , Miara Mohamed Djamel , Cinque Benedetta , Lizzi Anna Rita , Brisdelli Fabrizia , Celenza Giuseppe
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to investigate the ethanolic extract of T. lanceolatus, a species native to north-western Algeria, traditionally used as herbal tea, seasoning and a preservative for meat and poultry.
Triterpenoid saponins from the genus Camellia: structures, biological activities, and molecular simulation for structure–activity relationship
Authors: Cui Chuanjian , Zong Jianfa , Sun Yue , Zhang Liang , Ho Chi-Tang , Wan Xiaochun , Hou Ruyan
Published: June 2018

This review summarizes the isolation, chemical identification, and biochemical activities of Camellia triterpenoid saponins, updating a previous review and encompassing all new studies through September 2017.
Synchronous and rapid preparation of lignin nanoparticles and carbon quantum dots from natural lignocellulose
Authors: Si Mengying , Zhang Jin , He Yuyang , Yang Ziqi , Yan Xu , Liu Mingren , Zhuo Shengnan , Wang Sheng , Min Xiaobo , Gao Congjie , Chai Liyuan , Shi Yan
Published: June 2018

A rapid one-pot microwave-assisted strategy toward the synchronous preparation of two nano-biomaterials with different scales: lignin nanoparticles and carbon nanodots.
Regioselective deuteration of alcohols in D2O catalysed by homogeneous manganese and iron pincer complexes
Authors: Kar Sayan , Goeppert Alain , Sen Raktim , Kothandaraman Jotheeswari , Surya Prakash G. K.
Published: June 2018

Regioselective, base-metal catalyzed deuteration of alcohols in D2O.
Carbon black/silicon nitride nanocomposites as high-efficiency counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Ahmed Abdelaal S. A. , Xiang Wanchun , Gu Anna , Hu Xiaowei , Saana Ibrahim Amiinu , Zhao Xiujian
Published: June 2018

A carbon black–silicon nitride (CB–Si3N4) nanocomposite is prepared as a cost-effective counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole based organic semiconductors for high performance organic field effect transistors
Authors: Liu Qian , Sun Huabin , Blaikie Chula , Caporale Chiara , Manzhos Sergei , Feron Krishna , MacLeod Jennifer M. , Massi Massimiliano , Bottle Steven E. , Bell John , Noh Yong-Young , Sonar Prashant
Published: June 2018

A newly reported alkylated naphthalene flanked DPP monomers without any further functionalization show high hole mobility in OFET devices.
Ligand-driven formation of halogen bonds involving Au(i) complexes
Authors: Groenewald Ferdinand , Dillen Jan , Esterhuysen Catharine
Published: June 2018

A theoretical investigation shows that the Au(i) centre in a variety of complexes can behave as a halogen bond acceptor.
Excellent photocatalytic degradation and disinfection performance of a novel bifunctional Ag@AgSCN nanostructure with exposed {−112} facets
Authors: Zhao Xinfu , Yi Xibin , Tian Shuo , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2018

A novel bifunctional Ag@AgSCN nanostructure with excellent photocatalytic degradation and antimicrobial performance has been successfully prepared by a simple precipitation method.
A novel electrochemical sensor based on a nickel-metal organic framework for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation and rapid detection of lactate
Authors: Manivel Perumal , Suryanarayanan Vembu , Nesakumar Noel , Velayutham David , Madasamy Kanagaraj , Kathiresan Murugavel , Kulandaisamy Arockia Jayalatha , Rayappan John Bosco Balaguru
Published: June 2018

A novel Pt/Ni-MOF electrode was fabricated for the determination of lactate in cow-milk for the first time.
Biofunctionalized mesoporous silica nanospheres for the ultrasensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay of tumor markers
Authors: Li Juan , Li Xinhui , Huang Ying , Zhong Yihong , Lan Qingchun , Wu Xinyue , Hu Ruixuan , Zhang Geshan , Hu Xiaoya , Yang Zhanjun
Published: June 2018

Mesoporous silica nanospheres (SiO2) are synthesized and biofunctionalized for the development of an ultrasensitive chemiluminescent (CL) immunosensor for tumor markers.
Covalently bonded multimers of Au25(SBut)18 as a conjugated system
Authors: Sels Annelies , Salassa Giovanni , Cousin Fabrice , Lee Lay-Theng , Bürgi Thomas
Published: June 2018

The linking of thiolate-protected Au25 clusters by an aromatic linker leads to a drastic change in the optical spectrum.
Characterization techniques for nanoparticles: comparison and complementarity upon studying nanoparticle properties
Authors: Mourdikoudis Stefanos , Pallares Roger M. , Thanh Nguyen T. K.
Published: June 2018

Combined and carefully selected use of experimental techniques – understanding nanoparticle properties and optimizing performance in applications.
Electrochemical Hofmann rearrangement mediated by NaBr: practical access to bioactive carbamates
Authors: Li Lijun , Xue Mengyu , Yan Xin , Liu Wenmin , Xu Kun , Zhang Sheng
Published: June 2018

An electrochemical Hofmann rearrangement is reported, which provides general and practical access to bioactive carbamates.
Rhodium-catalyzed regioselective C8-H amination of quinolineN-oxides with trifluoroacetamide at room temperature
Authors: You Chang , Yuan Tingting , Huang Yanzhen , Pi Chao , Wu Yangjie , Cui Xiuling
Published: June 2018

A facile and efficient amination of quinolineN-oxides at room temperature proceeds with high selectivity and is convenient on a gram scale.
Novel hetero-bimetallic coordination polymer as a single source of highly dispersed Cu/Ni nanoparticles for efficient photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Ibrahim Shaista , Majeed Imran , Qian Yuhong , Iqbal Azhar , Zhao Dan , Turner David R. , Nadeem Muhammad Arif
Published: June 2018

Monodispersed Cu and Ni nanoparticles are deposited over TiO2 using a hetero-bimetallic coordination polymer for efficient photocatalytic water splitting.
Correction: Ascorbic acid/Fe0 composites as an effective persulfate activator for improving the degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Du Yi , Liu Huiling , Ma Jun
Published: June 2018

Correction for ‘Ascorbic acid/Fe0 composites as an effective persulfate activator for improving the degradation of rhodamine B’ by Xiangyu Wang et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 12791–12798.