bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of three simple and rapid dry eye tests: Lid parallel conjunctival folds, tear meniscus height and tear ferning
Authors: Dacic-Krnjaja Bojana , Hadzi-Milic Milan , Potic Jelena , Raonic Danijela , Stojkovic Milenko
Published: March 2021

Introduction/Objective. The objective of this paper was to assess the diagnostic value of three simple dry eye (DE) tests: lid parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF), tear meniscus height (TMH), and tear ferning (TF). Methods. LIPCOF, TMH, and TF diagnostic DE tests were performed in 100 patients. Eighty of them were referred to us by rheumatologists and general practitioners either during evaluation for Sjogren?s syndrome, or because of DE symptoms. The control group was composed of 20 patients, with no DE-related symptoms. Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire was used for DE symptoms? evaluation. Results of LIPCOF, TMH, and TF tests were compared with results of the Copenhagen criteria DE tests i.e., tear fluorescein breakup time, Schirmer I and Rose Bengal tests. Ability of the tests to recognize DE in various grades according to Dry Eye Work Shop (DEWS) report score system was assessed. Results. Compared to the Copenhagen criteria, sensitivity of LIPCOF and TMH was high (92.8% and 83.5%, respectively), while specificity was low (34.4% and 49.2%, respectively). TF had low sensitivity (59.1%) but high specificity (82.7%). Mean values of both LIPCOF and TMH differed significantly (F = 7.222, p < 0.001 and F = 11.802, p < 0.001, respectively) between the control group and all DEWS grades, but not among different grades of DE. Conclusion. TMH and LIPCOF diagnostic tests showed high sensitivity, which makes them excellent screening DE tests. Low sensitivity of TF suggests that it is not truly a good screening test on its own, but its high specificity is of definite value.
Kant’s critique of pure reason and the dogmatism of metaphysics
Authors: Lukic Aleksandar
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the author explores Kant?s Copernican revolution that departs
from philosophical tradition. Kant challenges a view that the existence of
the world (with the totality of all laws that hold in it) is independent of
the knower. In view of that, the main focus is on Kant?s analysis of the
meaning of a priori knowledge and the critique of old (dogmatic)
metaphysics. The aim of this critique, however, was not the dismissal of
metaphysics as such, but rather the transcendental foundation of a new one.
Requiem for Humboldt: Bildung and zeitgeist
Authors: Krstic Predrag
Published: March 2021

The paper is dedicated to Humboldt ?s understanding of the concept of Bildung
and its reception to this day. In the triangle of Humboldt?s ?Theory of
Human Education? and his later writings, Adorno?s ?Theory of Half-Education?
and Liessmann?s ?Theory of Non-Education?, the fate of not only discursive
changes in the focus of that educational vision is followed, but also the
efforts of its practical implementation, betrayal and rejection. After the
contextually situating Humboldt?s endeavor, the basic ideas of his
comprehension of education and his ambiguous efforts to realize them are
presented. The second and final part of the paper try to calculate the costs
and perspectives of both the realization of Bildung?s ideals and its
abandonment.
Is There Learning in Service Learning? Measuring the Extent to Which VITA Participation Improves Student Technical Competence and Soft Skills
Authors: Bootsma Michael , Jeffrey Cynthia , Perkins Jon D.
Published: March 2021

Students participate in the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance program (VITA) to improve both technical competence and soft skills. To date, research primarily assesses student perceptions about these outcomes. We empirically measure and test for changes in technical competence and soft skills at the beginning and end of VITA participation at one major midwestern university. Our results indicate first-time participants in VITA improve in technical competence, but students do not become better calibrated with respect to “knowing what they know” as a result of VITA participation. Importantly however, participants in the program improve in their soft skills. Further, both first-time and repeat participants improve their communication skills, although we do not find improvement in interpersonal relations or personal abilities for repeat participants. In sum, our empirical results indicate that the VITA program does deliver the hoped-for outcomes across a wide range of skills.
Lateral buckling of steel beams. Compared analysis of CTE DB SE-A, EAE and EC3 codes
Authors: Guardiola-Víllora A. , Pérez-García A. , Pérez A.
Published: March 2021

The Basic Document, Structural Safety, Steel of the Spanish Technical Building Code provides mathematical expressions to obtain the lateral buckling resistance of hot-rolled steel beams. These expressions include a coefficient, {\displaystyle C_{1}}, that accounts for variation of the bending moment along the beam. However, this document only provides values for linear diagrams of bending moments. The instruction for Structural Steel, a copy of the latest version of Eurocode 3, does not include any method to obtain the elastic critical moment. On the contrary, a table with correction factors applicable to different types of bending moments diagrams is included. In this document both procedures have been combined and results have been compared to those obtained using other versions of the Eurocode 3. Finally, tables have been provided to ease the design of hot-rolled steel beams while preventing the lateral buckling.
Student Behavior Analysis to Predict Learning Styles Based Felder Silverman Model Using Ensemble Tree Method
Authors: Ikawati Yunia , Al Rasyid M. Udin Harun , Winarno Idris
Published: March 2021

Learning styles are very important to know so that students can learn effectively. By understanding the learning style, students will learn about their needs in the learning process. One of the famous learning management systems is called Moodle. Moodle can catch student experiences and behaviors while learning and store all student activities in the Moodle Log. There is a fundamental issue in e-learning where not all students have the same degree of comprehension. Therefore, in some cases of learning in E-Learning, students tend to leave the classroom and lack activeness in the classroom. In order to solve these problems, we have to know students' preferences in the learning process by understanding each student's learning style. To find out the appropriate student learning style, it is necessary to analyze student behavior based on the frequency of visits when accessing Moodle E-learning and fill out the Index Learning Style (ILS) questionnaire. The Felder Silverman model's learning style classifies it into four dimensions: Input, Processing, Perception, and Understanding. We propose a learning style prediction model using the Ensemble Tree method, namely Bagging and Boosting-Gradient Boosted Tree. Afterwards, we evaluate the classification results using Stratified Cross Validation and measure the performance using accuracy. The results showed that the Ensemble Tree method's classification efficiency has higher accuracy than a single tree classification model.
The Use of Social Networking Sites and Other Services for Learning among College Youth
Authors: Raj Mool , Gupta Adit , Slathia Nidhi
Published: March 2021

Most of the college youth believe that the social networking sites and other streaming services facilitate the learning process. The purpose of the present research study was to assess the attitudes of college youth towards social networking sites and utilising other services such as YouTube etc. as tools for education. The sample for the study were selected randomly and included 180 college youth studying in Government Degree colleges of Jammu, India. Data were collected through survey method and self-prepared tool which was used to assess the attitude of college youth towards social networking sites and other services as a tool for education. Findings revealed that YouTube is used by a large number of users as compared to WhatsApp and Facebook. Majority of the undergraduate youth are using YouTube videos, WhatsApp messenger and LinkedIn for viewing and sharing educational content. It was also found that male college youth used more of LinkedIn and Twitter, while female college youth used more of Facebook, WhatsApp and YouTube. In addition to this, the study shows that no significant differences exist in the attitude and perceived impact of male and female students at the undergraduate level. However, they have equally shown positive and favourable attitude towards social networking.
AS DEFINIÇÕES DE MUSEU E A RELAÇÃO COM A EDUCAÇÃO MUSEAL EM DISSERTAÇÕES E TESES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Krupczak Carla , Aires Joanez Aparecida , Silveira Camila
Published: March 2021

Este artigo objetiva mapear e analisar as mudanças nas definições de museu no Brasil e como estas se relacionam com a educação museal a partir da análise da produção científica brasileira. Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfica. Os dados foram constituídos a partir do Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES, no período de 1987 a 2017, em intervalos de dez anos, e explorados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados mostram que as definições de museu mudaram ao longo do tempo, passando a valorizar mais as práticas educativas. Entretanto, mais da metade das pesquisas não exibe uma definição direta de museu. A falta de clareza conceitual sobre educação museal pode contribuir para que tendências pedagógicas menos críticas aconteçam, comprometendo as potencialidades educativas destas instituições.
Canine pyometra – an update and revision of diagnostic terminology
Authors:   Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Santana Clarissa , Santos Renato ,   Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Published: March 2021

Pyometra is frequently diagnosed in the female dogs, and it is characterized by endometrial inflammation, accumulation of purulent exudate within the lumen, and bacterial infection. In the dog, pyometra affects more often aged nulliparous bitches during the luteal phase. Pathogenesis of pyometra is multifactorial and progesterone seems to be a key factor. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia has been described as a predisposing condition for canine pyometra. However, a recent study demonstrated that cystic endometrial hyperplasia is not significantly associated with naturally occurring pyometra, whereas there is a significant association of this condition with pseudoplacentational endometrial hyperplasia. The aim of this review is to provide an update on canine pyometra, with focus on its association with uterine hyperplasic lesions, which supports a proposal for adoption of more adequate diagnostic terminology.
Veterinary approaches to canine mammary tumors and knowledge of the consensus statement in Brazil
Authors:   Instituto Federal Catarinense - Campus Concórdia, Zuchi Tainá , Lopatini Claudia , Faria Joice
Published: March 2021

Mammary gland tumors are one of the most commonly diagnosed tumors in female dogs, with a reported prevalence ranging from 26 to 73% in Brazil. In recognition of the importance of these tumors veterinary researchers and clinicians in Brazil produced the first consensus statement regarding canine mammary tumors in 2010. The intention was to establish criteria for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This study evaluated the methods of prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and determination of prognosis used by veterinarians in Brazil, and sought to quantify the number of veterinarians who were aware of the consensus statement. One hundred and three veterinary clinics participated in the study, 87.37% of which recommend early neutering as a preventative treatment for mammary tumors. For diagnosis, 100% of these use laboratory testing, 94.17% perform chest radiography, 78.64% incisional biopsies, 44.66% cytological analysis, and 13.59% immunohistochemical analysis. The most common surgical procedure is unilateral mastectomy (72.81%), and chemotherapy is performed in 49.51% of the clinics. Of the 103 clinics, 66.01% were aware of the consensus. Although knowledge of the consensus statement is widespread among veterinarians in Brazil, not all its recommendations are being followed. Preventive actions for canine mammary tumors are well established in most parts of the country. However, the consensus statement has had little influence on informing prognostic and therapeutic approaches, with a poor uptake of surgical removal of lymph nodes and immunohistochemical examination.
Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik tentang Structural Similarity Index Measure untuk Deteksi Anomali Gambar
Authors: Sumarna Halim Bayuaji , Utami Ema , Hartanto Anggit Dwi
Published: March 2021

Image enhancement merupakan prosedur yang digunakan untuk memproses gambar sehingga dapat memperbaiki atau meningkatkan kualitas gambar agar selanjutnya dapat dianalis untuk tujuan tertentu. Ada banyak algoritma image enhancement yang dapat diterapkan pada suatu gambar, salah satunya dapat menggunakan algoritma structural similarity index measure (SSIM), algoritma ini berfungsi sebagai alat ukur dalam menilai kualitas gambar, bekerja dengan membandingkan fitur structural dari gambar, dan kualitas gambar dijelaskan oleh kesamaan structural. Selain untuk menilai kualitas suatu gambar, SSIM dapat menjadi metode dalam menganalisis perbedaan gambar, sehingga diketahui anomali dari perbandingan dua gambar berdasarkan data structural dari sebuah gambar. Tinjauan literature sistematis ini digunakan untuk menganalisis dan fokus pada algoritma SSIM dalam mengetahui anomaly 2 gambar yang terlihat mirip secara human visual system. Hasil sistematis review menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan algoritma SSIM dalam menilai kualitas gambar berkorelasi kuat dengan HVS (Human Vision System) dan dalam deteksi anomaly gambar menghasilkan akurasi yang berbeda, karena terpengaruh intensitas cahaya dan posisi kamera dalam mengambil gambar sebagai dataset.Kata Kunci— SSIM, anomaly, gambar, deteksiImage enhancement is a procedure used to process images so that they can correct or improve image quality so that they can then be analyzed for specific purposes. Many image enhancement algorithms can be applied to an image. one of the usable methods is the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) algorithm, this algorithm serves as a measuring tool in assessing image quality. It works by comparing the structural features of images, and the image quality is explained by structural similarity. In addition to assessing the quality of an image, SSIM can be a method of analyzing image differences. So, the anomalies are known from the comparison of two images based on the structural data from an image. This systematic literature review is used to analyze and focus on the SSIM algorithm in knowing anomaly 2 images that look similar to the human visual system. Systematic review results show that the use of the SSIM algorithm in assessing image quality is strongly correlated with HVS (Human Vision System). In anomaly detection of images produces different accuracy because it is affected by light intensity and camera position in taking pictures as a dataset.Keywords— SSIM, anomaly, gambar, deteksi
Pemilihan Parameter Terbaik pada Algoritma Winnowing dalam Mendeteksi Tingkat Kesamaan Dokumen Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat Wahyu , Utami Ema , Hartanto Anggit Dwi
Published: March 2021

Pengidentifikasian terkait plagiarisme terhadap dokumen berbahasa Indonesia telah dilakukan di penelitian terkait, untuk pendeteksi tingkat kesamaan dokumen. Dalam penelitian tersebut telah digunakan algoritma pendeteksi kesamaan dokumen dengan metode fingerprint sseperti Algoritma Winnowing. Algoritma Winnowing memiliki perbedaan pada penggunaan parameter seperti ada yang menggunakan k-gram dan n-gram. Dari perbedaan parameter tersebut dilakukan penelitian performa dari perbandingan penggunaan parameter yang berbeda pada pemotongan string pada tahap algoritma Winnowing sehingga dapat diketahui parameter yang mempunyai tingkat performa yang paling baik. Hasil penelitian pada k-gram memiliki tingkat nilai similarity yang tinggi namun ketika nilai jumlah k semakin besar akan mengurangi tingkat nilai similarit dengan rata-rata hasil pada k = 2 sebesar 0.5299, k = 3 sebesar 0.1689, k = 5 sebesar 0.0283 dan k = 7 sebesar 0.0095. Penerapan pemotongan string n-gram pada unigram memiliki rata-rata tingkat similarity sebesar 0.0683, bigram 0.003, pada trigram dan four-gram sebesar 0.000. Pada perbandingan kecepatan pemrosesan waktu k-gram dan n-gram tidak terlihat perbedaan yang signifikan dan keduanya mendominasi selama 6 detik.Kata Kunci—Algoritma Winnowing, Jaccard Similarity, Fingerprint, K-gram, N-gramIdentification related to plagiarism of Indonesian language documents has been carried out in related research, such as for the purpose of detecting the level of similarity documents. In this research, algorithm similarity detection algorithms have been used, especially with the fingerprint method wich Winnowing algorithm. Winnowing algorithm using parameters such as those using k-gram and n-gram. From these different parameters, a study of the performance of the comparison the use of different parameters in the string cutting at the Winnowing algorithm stage can be found out which parameter has the best level of performance. The results of research on k-gram have a high level of similarity value, but when the value of the number of k gets bigger it will reduce the level of similarity values with an average result at k = 2 of 0.5299, k = 3 of 0.1689, k = 5 of 0.0283 and k = 7 in the amount of 0.0095. The application of cutting n-gram strings on unigram has an average similarity level of 0.0683, bigram 0.003, on trigrams and four-grams of 0.000. In the comparison of the processing speed of k-gram and n-gram time, there was no significant difference, and both dominated for 6 seconds. Keywords— Winnowing algorithm, Jaccard Similarity, Fingerprint, K-gram, N-gram
Improvement of the organizational mechanisms of the eu foreign policy and foundation of the European Union diplomatic service
Authors: Habbabh Ammar , Mescheryakova Olga Mikhailovna
Published: March 2021

The authors pursue the aim to study the formation, evolution and regularities of the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union, as well as the European Union diplomatic service.  The methodological basis of this study consists of historicism, systematism, analysis, statistics and comparative jurisprudence. The author's position is based on the legislation and ideas of representatives of the competent scientific community on the issue of common foreign and security policy of the European Union, the regularities of its improvement and development. On the basis of the legal analysis of the European Union law the differentiation of the characteristic features of its foreign policy is carried out as well as issues of legal regulation of the diplomatic service are raised. As a result of the study the significance of the right choice of organizational and legal forms of development of any sphere of the integration process and, in particular, common foreign and security policy, not only for its effective functioning, but also for further progressive development of the integration process as a whole has been revealed.
Osmanlı Devleti’nin Son Dönemlerinde Gayrimüslim Mektepler Yararına Düzenlenen Piyangolar
Authors: GÜMÜŞSOY Emine
Published: March 2021

Osmanlı Devleti’nin son dönemlerinde Avrupa kaynaklı olarak öncelikle levantenler ve gayrimüslim tebaa arasında başlayan piyangonun ilk örneklerinden birisi de mektepler yararına düzenlenenler olmuştur. İstanbul ve taşradaki gayrimüslim mekteplerin ihtiyaçları ve masrafları gerekçe gösterilerek düzenlenen piyangolara belirlenen şartları taşımak koşuluyla izin verilmiştir. Mektebin resmî ruhsatının bulunması başta olmak üzere piyangoya konulacak eşya miktarı ve kıymeti, ne kadar bilet basılacağı gibi belirlenen hususlara uyulması istenmiştir. Çekilişe devletin bir görevlisinin nezaret etmesi gibi her aşamada bir kontrol söz konusu olmakla birlikte bu piyangolar mektepler için bir gelir kaynağı haline gelmiştir. Çalışmamızda Osmanlı arşiv belgelerinden hareketle söz konusu süreç örnekleriyle birlikte ele alınmıştır.
Effectiveness test of dental hypnosis monitoring device
Authors: Kusmayanti Suci , Yubiliana Gilang , Abdurrochman Andri , Ramdani Muhamad Lutfi , Fauzan Naufal Hilmi
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Dental hypnosis monitoring device is an innovative device due to the Student Creativity Program Universitas Padjadjaran. The device can monitor a patient's consciousness by monitoring the brain wave level so that dentists can determine what steps to take when handling a patient. The effectiveness of this device has not been tested yet. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of the dental hypnosis monitoring device. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on this study population, all the patients of Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital (RSGM Unpad) who filled out the MDAS questionnaire. The sample criteria were people with moderate to high MDAS score and aged 17 years or above. Twenty-four people were obtained through consecutive sampling in one day. The study was held at Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital by comparing the dental hypnosis monitoring device's performance with opinion from the dental hypnosis expert. Results: The overall success rate for the dental hypnosis monitoring device's effectiveness was 100% since the LED was always lit green during the hypnosis session, which was following the dental hypnosis expert assessment during processes. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the dental hypnosis monitoring device was proven to be 100% effective.
In vivo histomorphologically evaluate of the initial bone healing in geopolymer-carbonated apatite nanocomposites as a potential dental implant material
Authors: Sutanto Dahlia , Satari Mieke Hemiawati , Hernowo Bethy Suryawathy , Priosoeryanto Bambang Pontjo , Septawendar Rifki , Asri Lia Amelia Tresna Wulan , Purwasasmita Bambang Sunendar
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Dental implants have become more common treatment for replacing missing teeth. Titanium and zirconia have been widely applied as dental implant material because of their excellent biocompatibility and biomechanics properties. However, they are lack of biologically active surface that encourages osseointegration and their mechanical properties significant different from enamel and dentin value. Carbonate apatite Ca10(PO4)x(CO3)y(OH)z  comprises a chemical composition closer to bone and enamel. Calcium phosphate are widely used as biomaterials, their osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties have shown beneficial effect on bone osteogenesis. Geopolymers are ceramic-like inorganic polymers, they have excellent mechanical properties, bioactivity, biocompatibility, suitable for hard tissue prostheses, and environmentally friendly. The aim of the study was to evaluate the initial bone healing in geopolymer-carbonated apatite (CHA) nanocomposites. Methods: Geopolymer-CHA nanocomposites samples were prepared in cylinder of 3 mm diameter and 6 mm thickness and placed in the tibia of eight healthy male breeding New Zealand white rabbits weighing 3.0 to 3.5 kg and 6 month aged. Experimental subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups for evaluating initial bone healing capability around samples to 14 and 28 days histomorphologically. Wilcoxon test was performed and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant, Minitab software version 13 was used. Result:Granulation tissue, woven, and lamellar bone were analyzed. Day 14 revealed a reactive bone formation, which was characterized by granulation tissue, fibroblasts were in an organized extracellular collagen matrix, osteoblast that directly laid out woven bone contained of immature osteoids, and immature osteocytes were observed. The formation of dense fibrocollagen connective tissue that would be the cartilage, osteoblasts, osteoids, and osteocytes showed more mature while woven bone became denser at day 28.Conclusion: Geopolymer-CHA nanocomposites was a potential dental implant material from mechanical and biological properties point of view.Keywords: Histomorphologically, initial bone response, geopolimer-carbonated apatite nanocomposites, dental implant material
The antibacterial effect of β-pinene derived from Citrus aurantifolia against oral Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Julaeha Euis , Herlina Tati , Nurzaman Mohamad , Mayanti Tri , Kurnia Dikdik , Sari Elizabeth Fitriana
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Streptococcus mutans has been known to play a major role in dental caries development. This tooth decay is the most common oral disease affecting people in the world. Hence, discovering the new herbal antibacterial agent seems to become promising yet challenging.  One of herbal antibacterial source is Jeruk Nipis or namely Citrus aurantifolia, as it is believed to contain biological active compounds that may act as antibacterial to kill pathogenic oral microbes. This study was aimed evaluated antibacterial effect  of β-pinene derived from Citrus aurantifolia against oral Streptococcus mutans. Methods: Type of research is quasi experimental research. The essential of C. aurantifolia essential oil was prepared and isolated using the hydro-distillation technique and further isolation of antibacterial compounds was conducted by combination column chromatography using organic solvent, and the structure was determined by infrared (IR), 1D NMR of 1H-, 13C-NMR and DEPT 135° in CDCl3, and UV-Vis spectrometer methods. The antibacterial activity was tested against Streptococcus mutans using the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: 0.75% yield was extracted from the essential oil of Citrus aurantifolia and after purification, an antibacterial compound was identified as β-pinene with the molecular formula C10H16. Furthermore, the Citrus aurantifolia exerted inhibition growth of Streptococcus mutans at concentration of 2000, 1000, and 500 ppm showed reduction in paper disk as much as 13.0, 11.9, and 11.6 mm respectively. Conclusion: Antibacterial effect  of β-pinene derived from Citrus aurantifolia against oral Streptococcus mutans. This is proven that β-pinene derived from Citrus aurantifolia prospective as antibacterial compound that potentially can be used as another herbal antibacterial of choice to manage dental disease associated with Streptococcus mutans infection.
Online Teaching Self-Efficacy – How English Teachers Feel During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lee Shzh-chen Nancy , Ogawa Chie
Published: March 2021

The transition from traditional face-to-face to online teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic happened so rapidly that most teachers started teaching without enough training, preparation, and knowledge of online teaching. In order to better understand this current teaching paradigm, the present research examined how English teachers perceive their own ability to teach online. It investigated English teachers’ self-efficacy to teach online by surveying 138 EFL university teachers in Japan. A survey with 29 Likert-scale and two open-ended questions was developed to examine four latent constructs of online English teaching self-efficacy: technology, pedagogy, communicative language teaching, and self-management. Results of the survey found that English teachers were highly self-efficacious toward teaching online. They were most self-efficacious toward the usage of technology, followed by pedagogy, communicative language teaching (CLT), and least efficacious toward self-management when teaching online. Teachers had high self-efficacy for using different online platforms, organizing group work activities, and conducting formative assessments for evaluation. On the other hand, teachers had lowest self-efficacy for maintaining the balance between research and teaching activities. This paper concludes with some pedagogical implications for English teachers when teaching online.
Why do greater forest tenure rights not enthuse local communities? An early observation on the new community forestry scheme in state forests in Indonesia
Authors: Ragandhi Arsad , Hadna Agus Heruanto , Setiadi Setiadi , Maryudi Ahmad
Published: March 2021

The Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry recently issued a 35-year permit-based social forestry, called Izin Pemanfaatan Hutan Perhutanan Sosial (IPHPS), which was implemented in forestlands managed by the State Forest Corporation (SFC). IPHPS is a unique scheme because social forestry permits were previously granted on forestland unencumbered with rights. It provides more secure tenure rights (long-term permits), greater decision-making authority, and improved profit-sharing arrangements compared with the SFC’s co-management model. However, IPHPS has not attracted widespread interest from local communities. This paper aims to identify and to analyse factors that explain local communities’ low interest in the policy. Results show that local communities have not been attracted by the scheme because it requires them to undertake substantial investments in reforestation and make several payments to the government beyond their means. This paper highlights the specific challenges related to access mechanisms and benefits to local communities from the granted rights. Lastly, local communities were prone to manipulative persuasion by the SFC to continue the co-management model.
Design Methodology for Three-Phase Four-Wire T-Type Inverter With Neutral Inductor
Authors:   Nanyang Technological University, Zhang Li
Published: March 2021

Three-level (3L) converters have been widely used in industry for decades. Compared to the three-phase-three-wire (3P3W) 3L inverter, the three-phase-four-wire (3P4W) one is able to supply the unbalanced loads but has to afford much larger filter inductors because the neutral wire provides a path for high-switching zero-sequence currents. To save filter inductances, a neutral inductor is proposed to insert in the neutral wire. Meanwhile, a complete design methodology is put forward to design the filter inductors and the neutral inductor. With low-frequency zero-sequence currents flowing through the neutral wire, the three-phase load voltages might become unbalanced and/or distorted. To improve the voltage quality, a resonant controller, with the resonant frequency at fundamental output frequency (fo), is presented to add into the zero-sequence voltage loop for balancing load voltages; concurrently, the other resonant controller, with the resonant frequency at 3fo, is presented to insert in the zero-sequence voltage loop or neutral current loop for mitigating voltage distortion. Finally, all of the proposed works are verified on a 3P4W T-type inverter.
Disparitas Literasi Lingkungan Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kota Bogor
Authors: Nugraha* Fiqri , Permanasari Anna , Pursitasari Indarini Dwi
Published: March 2021

Enviromental preservation plays an important role in the sustainability of living ecosystems. Environmental damage is caused by irresponsible human behavior so that environmental damage enters a very concerning stage. Therefore, environmental literacy needs to be developed from an early age in elementary school students as candidates for future generations who act as active agent of change. This is done with various effort through the educational process and begins with filtering information about student environmental literacy disparities, especially in Bogor City based on environmental schools and public schools. In this study using a survey method, using purposive random sampling technique. The population in this study was determined based on the category of environmental schools (SBL) and public schools (SU). Then, from the school category, respondents were selected based on the grade level. The high class level categories are grade 5 and 6, while the low class level categories are grade 3 and 4. Based on the analysis of the result of the answers to questionnaire, it was found that the environmental literacy of elementary school students in Bogor City for each school category has carried out environmental awareness activities. As for the measurement based on disposition toward the environment, the assessment of students environmental literacy was categorized as good, even among them very good for several indicators of environmental literacy.
Implementation of Quizizz Online Evaluation Tools With STEM Approach to Measure Analytical Skills of the Junior High School Students
Authors: Anggraeni* Seyla , Taufiq Muhamad
Published: March 2021

The evaluation process at SMP Kesatrian 1 Semarang based on the results of observations cannot be used to measure analytical skills of the students. Based on observation, the average analytical ability of students still at low criteria. The purpose of this research is to measure analytical skillsof the students using Quizizz application with STEM approach. This is a pre-experimental research with one shoot case study design. Population of this research is all students of grade 8 Kesatrian 1Junior high school of Semarang Central Javain the 2019/2020 school year. The sampling technique was carried out by purposive sampling with a sample of 30 students. The instrument used in this researchare analytical skills test of students using Quizizz application with STEM approach and questionnaire of students response about Quizizz as evaluation tool. Students are attending the lesson according to the lesson plan and are evaluated at the end of the lesson using the online Quizizz application as evaluation tool with a STEM approach. The result of test is quantitative data that analyzed descriptively. The results indicated the profile of analytical skills of the studentsare of 6.67%in the high criteria, 73.33% inmoderate criteria and 20% in low criteria. It can be concluded that the average analytical skills of the students at Kesatrian 1 junior high school of Semarang is in moderate criteria.Finally, the research provides teacher recommendations to applying Quizizz application with STEM approach to measure analytical skills of the students in early learning environments
Development of Students Learning Module for Disaster and Environmental Knowledge Subject for Undergraduate Students of Universitas Syiah Kuala
Authors: Atmaja* RM Teguh Prawira , Sulastri Sulastri , Nazli Nazli
Published: March 2021

Disaster education is an essential part of disaster mitigation steps in shaping character and building a culture of disaster preparedness. Knowledge on Disaster and Environmental (PKL) is a general course taught at the Undergraduate level at Syiah Kuala University. This research and development aim to produce valid, effective, and practical modules for PKL. The research and development model used in this study is an adaptation of the research and development steps proposed by Borg Gall, and the learning design model used in the initial product planning stage adapting the model proposed by Dick Carey. Expert validation and student readability test were followed to confirm the quality of the module. Three expert validators were involved, and 24 students were enrolled in several questionnaire-based approach of their perspective to the pre-and post-revision product module. The results of this study created a PKL learning module that has valid value (score 4.01-4.33), and the average results on the student readability test were in the good category (score 4.13-4.56). The final product that has been revised according to input and suggestions from the validator has the quality for exemplary utilization.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Powtoon dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Representasi IPA di Tengah Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Arif* Syaiful , Muthoharoh Amalia
Published: March 2021

The Hubei Province of Wuhan, China, is the starting point for the transmission of the Covid-19 virus. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 which causes the Covid-19 virus to spread globally to Indonesia. The World Health Organization says that the Covid-19 virus can spread quickly and its effects span all aspects. The impact and prevention efforts in Indonesia require that all activities from studying, working and worshiping be carried out at home. The government urges the public to do social distancing, which means no crowd of 5 people is allowed. The impact on education requires learning without face to face so that in responding to this the teacher is advised to use distance learning. Renewal of distance learning can take advantage of cyber systems. One of the uses of cyber systems is the powtoon media. Powtoon media can develop 21th century skills, namely the ability to represent and learn without time and space boundaries. This study aims to develop powtoon-based learning media in improving the ability of science representation. Stages of developing media 1) preliminary study, 2) development stages, and 3) product testing. Sampling using random sampling techniques and cluster random sampling. Data were collected by direct observation, questionnaires, and multiple choice ability tests (pre-test and post-test). Then the analysis technique uses validity, practicality, and effectiveness which are described descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on the results of the development of data processing the validity of the material and media, the average value was 88.00 and 91.00 while the practicality average value was 88.00 then the effectiveness in the experimental class was 61.38 while the control class was 48.20. Based on the results of this analysis, it can be seen that the powtoon media is feasible to be implemented, helps facilitate understanding and increases the representation ability of students
Morfologi Akar Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.), Serapan Hara N, P, dan K Akibat Pemberian Beberapa Jenis Biochar pada Tanah Bekas Galian Tambang
Authors: Darusman Darusman , Syakur* Syakur , Zaitun Zaitun , Jufri Yadi , Manfarizah Manfarizah
Published: March 2021

Bamboo chips, palm shells, and rice husks waste are environmental pollutants, but have the potential to be processed by pyrolysis to become biochar. Biochar is organic products rich in carbon, high in micro pores and very suitable for amending degraded (damaged) lands.  Quality of biohar to be used as a soil amendment is highly dependent on is the raw material (feedstocks) to make biochar itself. The research objective was to find out the most suitable type of biochar to be used as a soil amendment for ex-mining land, so that the growth and production of plants can be optimum. The research has been carried out in the experimental station of the Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh from August to December 2019 using soil from ex-excavated coal mines of PT. Mifa in West Aceh, Aceh Province.  The plant parameters studied were morphological parameters of plant roots (length, weight, specific root length and ratio of roots to plant shoot), nutrient uptake of N, P, and K planted on ex-mine excavated soil. The study was designed using a non-factorial randomized block design consisting of two observation treatment factors, namely the type of biochar treatment (bamboo, palm shell, rice husk) and the dose of biochar (0, 10, 20 ton ha-1), and repeated 3 times. The observations that were observed included the components of root morphology and nutrient uptake of N, P and K plants. Biochar characteristics were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Chemical-physical analyses of soil and plants were based on  the procedure issued by the Soil Research Institute, Bogor. The effect among treatments was carried out by a variance analyses test (ANOVA) and if there was an effect, the honestly difference test (Tuckey-HSD) was continued at the level of 0.05. The results showed that the type of biochar had a significant effect on root morphology and nutrient uptake of N, P and K plants. Application biochar of rice husk with the amount of 20 tons ha-1 showed the best treatment for all the parameters studied, this is because nitrogen content in rice husk biochar contribute to growing corn crop. This study also found that bamboo biochar and palm  shells gave a negative response when the amount of administration was increased to 20 tonnes ha-1 except for rice husk biochar.
Рассмотрение исков о расовой дискриминации: вопросы юрисдикции и приемлемости в деле «Украина против России»
Authors: Orakhelashvili A.
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION. Over the past decade, the International Court of Justice has been requested to adjudicate on claims under 1965 Convention against Racial Discrimination (CERD). While adjudication under treaty compromissory clauses is not uncommon, the Court’s jurisdiction under CERD is subject to conditions that are not replicated under other multilateral treaties. Therefore, the Court’s use of compromissory clause under CERD raises complex issues of treaty interpretation as well as of the Court’s compliance with consensually established limits of its own authority.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article proceeds to examine the Court’s application of jurisdictional clause under Article 22 CERD in the case of Ukraine v Russia from the positivist legal perspective. It assesses the Court’s use of treaty interpretation methods relating to the text and context of Article 22, as well as CERD’s object and purpose. After assessing the Court’s analysis of its jurisdiction, the article proceeds to examine the Court’s use of the rule on exhaustion of local remedies which is one the condition of the admissibility of claims in cases relating to treatment of individual and their groups.

RESEARCH RESULTS. The article demonstrates that the Court’s interpretation of Article 22 CERD does not accurately identify the meaning of this provision, especially the meaning of the word “or” contained in it. As a consequence, the Court ends up asserting jurisdiction in the case before the Committee established under CERD has dealt with it. Moreover, the Court concludes that the victims of alleged racial discrimination do not have to exhaust local remedies. This conclusion places the Court at odds with previous jurisprudence of all major international tribunals.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. It becomes clear that the Court has asserted jurisdiction over the case even though CERD provisions did not confer that jurisdiction to it, and that local remedies were not exhausted anyway. As this face forms one rather small part of overall Russia-Ukraine relations, a temptation could obviously arise to justify the Court’s flawed legal reasoning by considerations of ethics, politics, ideology or justice. However, positivist legal reasoning requires maintaining that the Court operates on the basis of State consent, and any neglect for that fact risks negative consequences for the overall efficiency of international adjudication.
Analyzing the efficiency of the national project "Labor Productivity and Support to Employment" implementation
Authors: FEDOROVA Tat'yana A. , LOMOVTSEV Dmitrii A. , POTVOROV Artem I.
Published: March 2021

Subject. The article investigates approaches to labor productivity within the national project "Labor Productivity and Support to Employment".
Objectives. Our aim is to identify the most efficient approaches to shaping a strategy to implement the national project "Labor Productivity and Support to Employment".
Methods. The hypothesis of the study rests on the assumption that high level of labor productivity in the country (region) is determined by a set of measures at the State and regional levels, as well as at the level of enterprises and organizations. Meanwhile, at the State and regional level, certain conditions for labor productivity growth should be provided, and at the enterprise and organization level, it is important to develop and implement measures to create highly efficient production and effectively use various resources, including labor.
Results. We performed an analysis and developed recommendations aimed at adjusting the national project "Labor Productivity and Support to Employment" to improve its feasibility and efficiency of implementation.
Conclusions. To improve the effectiveness of national projects implementation, it is crucial to have an integrated and consistent strategy. The local nature of setting goals in individual projects prevents from achieving the synergistic effect, which is required for meeting the ambitious objectives and enhancing the efficiency of budgetary funds utilization. The problem of productivity growth cannot be solved in isolation from the problems of industries’ development and through creation of modern technological value chains.
Conditional optimization of mortgage loan parameters
Authors: CHUDNOVETS Aleksei Yu. , BAINOV Sodnom B.
Published: March 2021

Subject. In the article, we calculate the period of a borrowing, in which the interest burden and monthly payments are minimal.
Objectives. The aim is to create an algorithm to optimize the term of the mortgage loan, taking into account the amount of debt and interest rate of the loan.
Methods. The study employs methods to analyze the formula of annuity payments of a mortgage loan, and to model the final optimization algorithm.
Results. We developed an algorithm, to determine the optimal term of the loan, using the certain loan amount and interest rate. The study considers the case for banks, operating in Krasnoyarsk.
Conclusions. The paper considers two parameters of a mortgage loan, i.e. the interest burden and the monthly payment, which is calculated, according to the annuity formula. Both parameters depend on the loan amount, the interest rate, and the period of the loan. However, the interest rate is set by the bank, so the only parameter that the borrower can change is the period of payment. By changing the term to maturity, it is possible to have a loan with minimum payments and interest burden. For the purpose of optimization, we consider both parameters simultaneously. Taking into account their versatile nature, we consider the optimal time, when payments and interest burden are minimized. The paper also reviews the case of optimization of credit parameters for construction enterprises of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, in various banks.
The content analysis of Russian finance
Authors: SMIRNOV Valerii V.
Published: March 2021

Subject. The article focuses on the Russian finance.
Objectives. I determine the basics and conditions needed for the Russian finance.
Methods. The study is based on the systems approach and the method of statistical, neural network and cluster analysis.
Results. Having evaluated growth rates of prices for basic commodities and quotations of the Russian stocks, I determined what underlies the Russian finance as the prevailing trend in Rosneft’s stocks and Urals oil futures. Observing the movement of RTSI, IMOEX, S&P500, WTI oil future, USD/RUB rate, I discovered the gap between IMOEX and RTSI. RTSI remains with the WTI oil futures trend, while IMOEX joined the trend in S&P500. Having analyzed the importance of growth rates of global indices, I understood what is required for their maximum, i.e. the lowest growth rates of RTSI and the highest FTSE100. Considering the global indices and their growth rates, the Russian finance will be viable if RTSI indices are associated with DJIA and US Dollar Index. Structurally, the Russian economy cannot ensure the direct association of RTSI and DJIA. RTSI gets associated with DJIA through S&P500. US Dollar Index is a leading components in this correlation, as it determined the dynamics of USD/RUB and IMOEX. As for the trend in the rate of principal currencies, the basket with USD and CNY seems to be acceptable for the financial regulator.
Conclusions and Relevance. The content analysis reveals the threatening intensification of adverse factors that make the Russian economy dependent on oil production, and outlines what can be done to eliminate them. The findings constitute new knowledge and advance the competence of the financial market regulator to make administrative decisions concerning the allocation, reallocation of the public product value and a part of national wealth so as to maintain the Russian finance in terms of form and substance.