bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic investment modelling for retail sector post COVID-19
Authors: Khanna Aditi , Priyamvada  , Yadav Shikha , Jaggi Chandra K.
Published: September 2023

Amidst the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, the online grocery retail industry has faced significant obstacles. To overcome these challenges and adapt to shifting customer attitudes, retailers must embrace innovative strategies. These include implementing a home delivery service with rigorous sanitization measures, leveraging social media advertising to enhance consumer awareness, and utilizing preservation technology to uphold grocery items’ quality and freshness. In such a dynamic setting, it is only rational to acknowledge that the demand for products relies heavily upon the delivery firm’s service performance and the awareness it generates. The present study explores these vital investments within the online grocery retail store, comparing them with models lacking such investments. By optimizing investments in preservation technology, service, and advertisement, the model seeks to maximize the retailer’s overall profit. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that despite incurring additional costs, these investments wield financial dominance, boosting the total profit by an impressive 32%. The study concludes by presenting valuable insights derived from numerical and sensitivity analysis, offering invaluable guidance for the effective management of grocery items in the current post-pandemic era.
Financial efficiency and financial resource allocation of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration
Authors: Guo Ce , Fu Jianwen , Ma Fangning , Zhan Jingjing , Sun Yi , Xie Qiwei
Published: September 2023

This study focuses on improving financial efficiency and rationally allocating financial resources in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, based on data from 2011 to 2019. Firstly, the Slack-Based Measure (SBM) model based on Shannon Entropy is adopted to measure financial efficiency in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei. Secondly, a Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei inter-regional financial resource allocation scheme is proposed using the Generalized Equilibrium Efficient Frontier Data Envelopment Analysis (GEEFDEA) model. Finally, the external environmental factors influencing financial efficiency are explored using spatial and other econometric models. Efficiency measurement reveals that financial efficiency in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei is unevenly developed. The financial efficiency of Beijing, Tianjin, and Zhangjiakou is high and stable, whereas the financial efficiency of Tangshan, Langfang, and Shijiazhuang is high, but fluctuates significantly. In comparison, the financial efficiency of other cities is low. The factors and the adjustment amount to improve urban financial efficiency are obtained by studying the allocation of financial resources. And it is found that Tianjin and Tangshan have more financial resource surpluses than other cities. By exploring influencing factors, it is found that the financial development level, innovation level, and infrastructure construction level of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei significantly affect financial efficiency.
Management des Peutz-Jeghers-Syndroms
Authors: Möslein Gabriela
Published: September 2023

Die wissenschaftliche Evidenz, um das klinische Management des Peutz-Jeghers-Syndroms (PJS) fundiert zu untermauern, ist gering. Hier fassen wir die europäischen Leitlinien zusammen, die
von der EHTG (European Hereditary Tumor Group) 2021 publiziert wurden, ergänzt mit seit der Publikation hinzugekommenen, für die klinische Betreuung bedeutsamen neuen Aspekten. Die EHTG hat
mit der neuen publizierten Leitlinie 1 die vorangegangene Fassung von 2010 überarbeitet und maßgeblich ergänzt. Hierzu wurde die gesamte vorhandene Literatur systematisch auf Evidenz geprüft und anschließend
die Stärke der Empfehlung mit der GRADE-Methode (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) festgelegt. Anschließend erfolgte ein Delphi-Prozess, wobei ein Konsensus
dann erreicht wurde, wenn ≥ 80% der stimmberechtigten Mitglieder ein übereinstimmendes Ergebnis erzielten.

Die einzigen weiteren Leitlinien neueren Datums, die das PJS-Management thematisieren, beschränkten sich ausschließlich auf die gastrointestinalen und pankreatischen Manifestationen. Diese
Empfehlungen wurden seitens der Leitlinienkommission überprüft und mangels neuerer, relevanter Literatur unverändert übernommen. Zusätzliche, bisher nicht berücksichtigte klinische Aspekte
wurden definiert und hinzugenommen und in eine weitere systematische Literatursuche einbezogen. Somit wurden ergänzende und teilweise erstmalig thematisierte Empfehlungen für seltenere
assoziierte Manifestationen ergänzt. Es muss festgestellt werden, dass 10 Jahre nach der Vorgängerversion dieser Leitlinien nur wenig neue Evidenz in der Literatur generiert wurde. Wie bei
allen seltenen Erkrankungen wird appelliert, nationale und internationale Kooperationsstudien zu planen, um die Fallzahlen zu erhöhen und offene klinische Fragestellungen mit Evidenzen zu
belegen, die dann zu einer besseren Patientenversorgung führen. Innerhalb der skizzierten Restriktionen stellen diese europäischen Leitlinien die aktuellste Referenz für die Betreuung von
Patienten mit PJS dar.
False Median Cleft—A Case Report
Authors: Sharma R. N. , Razdan J. L.
Published: September 2023

An unusual case of false median cleft with its management is being presented because of its rarity.
Safe Design of the Versatile Transverse Back Flap
Authors: Prasanna Mita
Published: September 2023

Accurate designing of a local flap is specially important in case of pressure ulcers, in order to avoid unnecessary encroachment on the donor areas for futre flaps. The size, shape and exact location of sacral ulcer in relation to midline varies but the transverse back flap despite its constant shape and pedicle can be accurately designed to suit all ulcers. Based on our experience a method for exact geometric design of the transverse back flap is being described.
MHz free electron laser x-ray diffraction and modeling of pulsed laser heated diamond anvil cell
Authors: Jaisle Nicolas , Cébron David , Konôpková Zuzana , Husband Rachel J , Prescher Clemens , Cerantola Valerio , Dwivedi Anand , Kaa Johannes M. , Appel Karen , Buakor Khachiwan , Ball Orianna B. , McWilliams Ryan S. , Strohm Cornelius , Nakatsutsumi Motoaki , Zastrau Ulf , Baehtz Carsten , Anna Baron Marzena , Edmund Eric , Biswas Joydipa , McHardy James D. , Sturtevant Blake T. , Ehm Lars , Goncharov Alexander F. , McMahon Malcolm I. , Buchen Johannes , Cynn Hyunchae , Pace Edward J. , Liermann Hanns-Peter , Sneed Daniel T. , Cooper Samantha C. , Anae Madison , Kim Jaeyong , Wu Zhongyan , Lee Yongjae , Hwang Huijeong J. , Kim Taehyun , Choi Jinhyuk , Lee Jeongmin , Merkel Sébastien , Chantel Julien , Koemets Egor G. , Marquardt Hauke , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Chariton Stella , Shevchenko Elena , Fiquet Guillaume , Rosa Angelika D. , Mezouar Mohamed , Garbarino Gaston , Morard Guillaume
Published: September 2023

A new diamond anvil cell experimental approach has been implemented at the European x-ray Free Electron Laser, combining pulsed laser heating with MHz x-ray diffraction. Here, we use this setup to determine liquidus temperatures under extreme conditions, based on the determination of time-resolved crystallization. The focus is on a Fe-Si-O ternary system, relevant for planetary cores. This time-resolved diagnostic is complemented by a finite-element model, reproducing temporal temperature profiles measured experimentally using streaked optical pyrometry. This model calculates the temperature and strain fields by including (i) pressure and temperature dependencies of material properties, and (ii) the heat-induced thermal stress, including feedback effect on material parameter variations. Making our model more realistic, these improvements are critical as they give 7000 K temperature differences compared to previous models. Laser intensities are determined by seeking minimal deviation between measured and modeled temperatures. Combining models and streak optical pyrometry data extends temperature determination below detection limit. The presented approach can be used to infer the liquidus temperature by the appearance of SiO2 diffraction spots. In addition, temperatures obtained by the model agree with crystallization temperatures reported for Fe–Si alloys. Our model reproduces the planetary relevant experimental conditions, providing temperature, pressure, and volume conditions. Those predictions are then used to determine liquidus temperatures at experimental timescales where chemical migration is limited. This synergy of novel time-resolved experiments and finite-element modeling pushes further the interpretation capabilities in diamond anvil cell experiments.
Light modulated magnetism and spin–orbit torque in a heavy metal/ferromagnet heterostructure based on van der Waals-layered ferroelectric materials
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Aizhuo , Zhang Liangliang , Cui Ruijuan , Lv Baohua , Xiao Zhengyu , Li Dong , Quan Zhiyong , Xu Xiaohong
Published: September 2023

This study presents experimental evidence of the substantial modulation of ferromagnetism and spin–orbit torque (SOT) efficiency in a Ta/Pt/Co/Ta/In2Se3 heterostructure with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy through light irradiation. An increase in SOT efficiency of ∼20% and a reduction in critical switching current density of ∼52% were observed. The significant modulation primarily originates from the photostrictive effect of a van der Waals-layered ferroelectric In2Se3 layer, which is assisted by thermal effects under light irradiation. The present research provides a potential approach to modulating magnetism and SOT efficiency for energy-efficient spintronic devices.
Low fluorescence crosstalk patterning of quantum dots based on laser drilling and micropore filling
Authors: Li Jiwei , Zheng Kaifeng , Sun Wenchao , Zhu Licai , Tao Jin , Li Panyuan , Fan Kaili , Lv Jinguang , Qin Yuxin , Zhao Baixuan , Zhao Yingze , Chen Yupeng , Liang Jingqiu , Wang Weibiao
Published: September 2023

In this study, a dual-color patterned perovskite quantum dot color conversion layer with a light-blocking matrix was created by combining laser drilling with micropore filling technology. When the blue micro-LED and the quantum dot color conversion layer make contact, the fluorescence crosstalk effect can be simulated to be near zero. The color conversion layers with high color gamut (111.2% of the National Television System Commission) were further confirmed to have outstanding optical isolation performance through experimental observations. This work may have significant advantages for its applications in photonic integration, micro-LED, and near-field displays due to simple operation process, maskless, harmlessness to quantum dots, short process period, and low crosstalk effect.
Dynamics of magnetic skyrmionium driven by voltage-controlled strain gradients
Authors: Wang Jianing , Ma Yunxu , Liu Huibo , Yuan Yingyue , Yang Jinxia , Zhang Senfu , Wang Jianbo , Liu Qingfang
Published: September 2023

A magnetic skyrmionium with zero topological number has no skyrmion Hall effect during motion; hence, it has excellent application prospects in racetrack memory. Here, we investigate dynamics of magnetic skyrmionium driven by voltage-controlled in-plane strain gradients via both electromechanical and micromagnetic simulations. It is found that the skyrmionium can be efficiently driven along the direction of the in-plane strain gradients without deflection, that is, the skyrmion Hall angle is zero, and the velocity of skyrmionium can be effectively increased by reducing the magnetic damping constant and increasing the intensity of the strain gradient. Moreover, the driving force and velocity of the skyrmionium increase correspondingly with the increase in size. Most importantly, we demonstrate that the skyrmionium can be efficiently driven by strain gradients under realistic conditions with thermal noise and material inhomogeneity in the ferromagnetic film. The results presented in this study are promising for applications in skyrmionium-based information memory devices.
Realization of electron transpiration cooling: LaB6 heated by a plasma glow
Authors: Gollapudi Sreenivasulu , Suchicital Carlos , Li Jie-Fang , Viehland D.
Published: September 2023

Electron transpiration cooling has previously been predicted to be an alternative cooling mechanism for leading edges of aerospace platforms traveling at extreme velocities, where thermoelectric materials shaped as leading edges manage heat loads. Here, thermo-electron emitting LaB6 ceramics with blunt edges were placed between two conical-shaped electrodes, and a plasma glow was ignited to heat the sample. Analysis of current–voltage (I–V) curves demonstrated that insertion of LaB6 into the plasma column resulted in an increase in the electron density of the plasma, evidencing thermally stimulated electron emission. With increasing sample temperature to 1200 K, Δne increased by ∼4 × 1010 #/cm3, the electron temperature (Te) decreased from ∼8 eV (1000 K) to 2.5 eV, and the emission begins to appear to become space charge-limited. Richardson's analysis of the temperature dependence of the electron emission in the region of ion saturation, yielded an activation energy consistent with the work function of LaB6. Modulation of the LaB6 surface temperature (ΔT = 10 K) and the plasma current (ΔI = 70 μA) under electric voltage (80 V) applied between the sample and current probe was demonstrated. The results show for the first time the feasibility of electron transpiration cooling effects under plasma conditions similar to that of aerothermal environments.
Regular reaction dynamics in analytical form in the vicinity of symmetrical transition states. Central barrier crossings in SN2 reactions
Authors: Lorquet J. C.
Published: September 2023

When an activated complex, as defined in transition state theory (TST), has a polyhedral shape, its kinetic energy is found to be diagonal in a system of spherical polar coordinates. If, in addition, the polyhedron is characterized by a high symmetry, then its dynamics considerably simplifies. An application of this approach to the most symmetrical TS known to date, i.e., that which controls the Cl− + CH3Cl → ClCH3 + Cl− SN2 nucleophilic substitution, is presented and an analytical expression of its potential energy surface is provided. In a substantial range around the saddle point, approximate equations of motion for the two components of the reaction coordinate, i.e., the antisymmetrical stretching motion of the ClCCl core and the wagging motion of the hydrogen triad, can be derived in an analytical form. During an extensive period of time, the main component of the reaction coordinate is governed by an unexpectedly simple equation of motion that depends on a single initial condition, irrespective of the other ones and of the internal energy. Reactive trajectories are observed to form a perfectly collimated bundle characterized by undetectable dispersion, thereby giving a spectacular example of regular dynamics in an anharmonic potential. Regularity and collimation are brought about by local symmetry, which is a widespread feature of potential energy surfaces. Anharmonicity is observed to influence the dynamics only at a late stage. As energy increases, trajectories tend to fan out and to deviate from the analytical equation. For the wagging motion, chaos sets in at much lower energies.
Plasma-based identification of gases in a laser-induced cavitation bubble
Authors: Liu Siwei , Nitto Kaito , Supponen Outi , Kamata Sayaka , Nakajima Tomoki , Farhat Mohamed , Sato Takehiko
Published: September 2023

This study presents a general methodology and an experimental approach to identify the gas components within laser-induced cavitation bubbles. A needle electrode inside the cavitation bubble, which introduces low electric energy into the bubble, produces a homogenous plasma discharge inside the vapor cavity. The primary bubble dynamics remain identical while the rebound bubble becomes about twice as large when a discharge is applied. The effect of non-condensable gases and the electric charge on bubble dynamics is explored theoretically, and the role of the electric charge is found to be significant. Optical emission spectroscopy reveals the evolution of emission lines from gases inside bubbles. H lines and OH lines are persistently observed in all cases, providing a dominant presence of water vapor. The results also confirm that the gases, which are initially present in the water rather than transported from the water, contribute to the optical emission characteristics with different dissolved gases.
Highly stable two-dimensional α1-MA2Z4 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr; A = Al; Z = S, Se) monolayers with promising photocatalysis and piezoresistive effect
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Li Xiaohong , Wang Xiaofei , Ju Weiwei
Published: September 2023

The fundamental properties of two-dimensional α1-MA2Z4 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr; A = Al; Z = S, Se) monolayers have been systematically investigated based on the first principles calculations. Our results show that the α1-MA2Z4 monolayers have mixed ionic-covalent bonding character. The structural stability analyses reveal that all structures are dynamically stable and sustain stability below 800 K. All α1-MA2Z4 monolayers exhibit semiconducting property. The suitable bandgaps and the band edges alignment strides the redox potentials of water splitting, having potential as the candidates of the photocatalyst. All structures are predicted to possess isotropic electron-dominated mobility, which increases from 340.79 to 591.84 cm2 s−1 V−1 with the increase in atomic number of the alkaline-earth metal and chalcogen group. Further imposing the strain along the armchair direction, the electron mobility of α1-MA2Z4 can be enhanced to ∼103 cm2 V−1 s−1, especially the electron mobility of α1-MgA2S4 even increases to ∼2 × 103 cm2 V−1 s−1. The increased electron mobility indicates the reduced resistivity, which shows that the α1-MA2Z4 monolayers possess a remarked piezoresistive effect. The outstanding properties indicate that the α1-MA2Z4 is promising in photocatalysis and flexible electronics fields.
Should the Christmas Island shrew (Crocidura trichura) be considered extinct?
Authors: Woinarski John C. Z. , Tiernan B. , Legge S. M.
Published: September 2023

The Christmas Island shrew (Crocidura trichura), endemic to Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean, was abundant at the time of the island’s settlement in the 1890s. However, since 1900, it has been reported only four times (twice in 1958, 1984 and 1985). It is currently considered Critically Endangered under Australian law. Using a recently developed IUCN protocol (the ‘Records and Surveys Model’), based on compilation and assessments of targeted and general sampling effort and detectability, we estimated that there is a 96.3% likelihood that the species is now extinct. However, although many general survey methods (including inspection of cat gut samples, ink cards, audio-recording, pitfall traps, spotlighting and camera traps) have been employed on Christmas Island, most recent sampling has not been targeted specifically to detect this species. Furthermore, there is considerable uncertainty about its likely detectability with different sampling techniques and hence much uncertainty about the estimate of likelihood of extinction. e-DNA sampling, use of detector dogs and refinements in audio-recording may help increase the likelihood of detection, if present. Most current conservation management actions, undertaken for other threatened species on Christmas Island, would provide benefit to the Christmas Island shrew, if it is extant.
Colloidal tubular microrobots for cargo transport and compression
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Sprinkle Brennan , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Yang Tao , Chen Lixiang , Huang Shuai , Li Quan
Published: September 2023

Microrobot swarms have seen increased interest in recent years due to their potentials for in vivo delivery and imaging with cooperative propulsion modes and enhanced imaging signals. Yet most swarms developed so far are limited to dense particle aggregates, far simpler than complicated three-dimensional assemblies of anisotropic particles. Here, we show via assembly path design that complex hollow tubular structures can be assembled from simple isotropic colloidal spheres and those complicated, metastable, microtubes can be formed from simple, energetically favorable colloidal membranes. The assembled microtubes can remain intact and roll under a precessing magnetic field, with propulsion directions and velocities precisely controlled by field components. The hollow spaces inside enable these tubular microrobots to grab, transport, and release cargos on command. We also demonstrate unique compressing and uncompressing capabilities with our tubular microrobots, making them effective microtweezers. Our work shows that complicated microrobots can be transformed from simple assemblies, providing an insight on building micromachines.
4-Vinylanisole promotes conspecific interaction and acquisition of gregarious behavior in the migratory locust
Authors: Yang Jing , Yu Qiaoqiao , Yu Jia , Kang Le , Guo Xiaojiao
Published: September 2023

Chemical signals from conspecifics are essential in insect group formation and maintenance. Migratory locusts use the aggregation pheromone 4-vinylanisole (4VA), specifically released by gregarious locusts, to attract and recruit conspecific individuals, leading to the formation of large-scale swarms. However, how 4VA contributes to the transition from solitary phase to gregarious phase remains unclear. We investigated the occurrence of locust behavioral phase changes in the presence and absence of 4VA perception. The findings indicated that solitary locusts require crowding for 48 and 72 h to adopt partial and analogous gregarious behavior. However, exposure to increased concentrations of 4VA enabled solitary locusts to display behavioral changes within 24 h of crowding. Crowded solitary locusts with RNAi knockdown of
Or35
, the specific olfactory receptor for 4VA, failed to exhibit gregarious behaviors. Conversely, the knockdown of
Or35
in gregarious locusts resulted in the appearance of solitary behavior. Additionally, a multi-individual behavioral assay system was developed to evaluate the interactions among locust individuals, and four behavioral parameters representing the inclination and conduct of social interactions were positively correlated with the process of crowding. Our data indicated that exposure to 4VA accelerated the behavioral transition from solitary phase to gregarious phase by enhancing the propensity toward proximity and body contact among conspecific individuals. These results highlight the crucial roles of 4VA in the behavioral phase transition of locusts. Furthermore, this study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms of behavioral plasticity that promote the formation of locust swarms and suggests the potential for 4VA application in locust control.
Phanerozoic flooding of North America and the Great Unconformity
Authors: Tasistro-Hart Adrian R. , Macdonald Francis A.
Published: September 2023

The flooding record of North America has been used to infer patterns of global erosion and sea level in deep time. Here, we utilize the geospatial dimension of the stratigraphic record provided by the Macrostrat database, and patterns of erosion from thermochronology, to resolve local tectonic subsidence from global sea level. We show that the flooding history of North America correlates in space and time with continent-facing subduction along active margins, consistent with subduction-driven dynamic topographic subsidence of the continental interior. Nonetheless, the continentally aggregated flooding signal of North America is an exaggerated global M-curve of Phanerozoic sea level. This coincidence relates to the closing of the geodynamic loop of the supercontinent cycle: Subduction under North America accommodated both the makeup and breakup of Pangaea, which, coupled with changing ridge length, flattened hypsometry, and increased sea level both locally and globally. The sole Phanerozoic exception to this pattern of global sea level tracking North American near-field geodynamics is the Cambrian Sauk transgression. We argue that this is a far-field record of the inception of circum-Gondwanan subduction, independent of North America, which significantly flattened Earth’s hypsometry. This hypsometric flattening displaced ocean water globally, flooding tectonically passive North America to seal the Great Unconformity.
Mammalian mitochondrial translation infidelity leads to oxidative stress–induced cell cycle arrest and cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zheng Wen-Qiang , Zhang Jian-Hui , Li Zi-Han , Liu Xiuxiu , Zhang Yong , Huang Shuo , Li Jinsong , Zhou Bin , Eriani Gilbert , Wang En-Duo , Zhou Xiao-Long
Published: September 2023

Proofreading (editing) of mischarged tRNAs by cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), whose impairment causes neurodegeneration and cardiac diseases, is of high significance for protein homeostasis. However, whether mitochondrial translation needs fidelity and the significance of editing by mitochondrial aaRSs have been unclear. Here, we show that mammalian cells critically depended on the editing of mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetase (mtThrRS, encoded by
Tars2
), disruption of which accumulated Ser-tRNA
Thr
and generated a large abundance of Thr-to-Ser misincorporated peptides in vivo. Such infidelity impaired mitochondrial translation and oxidative phosphorylation, causing oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Notably, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by N-acetylcysteine attenuated this abnormal cell proliferation. A mouse model of heart-specific defective mtThrRS editing was established. Increased ROS levels, blocked cardiomyocyte proliferation, contractile dysfunction, dilated cardiomyopathy, and cardiac fibrosis were observed. Our results elucidate that mitochondria critically require a high level of translational accuracy at Thr codons and highlight the cellular dysfunctions and imbalance in tissue homeostasis caused by mitochondrial mistranslation.
Restitution of looted artefacts: a politico-economic issue
Authors: Aguigah Elias
Published: September 2023

Current debates around restitution of looted art from Africa mostly ignore politico-economic aspects of neocolonialism, reflecting the trend in academia as well as the wider public to separate cultural from economic issues. This article first aims to show the importance of the plunder and looting of material belongings in the establishment of European colonial rule over the African continent. Building on this, the author then highlights the role that restitutions play in current international neocolonial relations and in the political economy of ethnological museums. The paper calls for a broader analysis of the political economy of postcolonial restitution to realise its anticolonial potential.
On the ball on a string demonstration of angular momentum conservation
Authors: Sacchetti Andrea
Published: September 2023

The ‘ball on a string’ demonstration is a common tool used in physics education to illustrate the concept of conservation of angular momentum. However, various confounding factors can cause significant deviations from the idealized case, particularly under extreme conditions or when using low-stiffness pivots or high coefficients of friction. These factors include air resistance, contact friction at the pivot point, the mass of the ball and string, the angle of the string due to gravity, and the wobbling of the pivot point due to the centrifugal forces acting on it. In this work, we critically review by means of accurate simulations the adequateness of the ‘ball on a string’ demonstration in view of these confounding factors and provide recommendations for instructors on how to maximize the educational value of the demonstration while minimizing potential confusion for students. Our analysis suggests that a stiff pivot and avoiding extreme conditions are key to obtaining results that are in good agreement with the idealized case. We also caution instructors against using the demonstration without at least mentioning the confounding factors, as this may lead to a questionable understanding of the underlying physics principles.
Room-temperature organic magnetoresistance based on interfacial ground charge transfer state
Authors: Qu Fenlan , Qiao Xianfeng , He Chenao , Zhou Linping , Lin Chengwei , Ma Dongge
Published: September 2023

We propose an organic magnetoresistance (OMR) based on the weak interfacial ground charge transfer (IGCT) state at m-MTDATA/Alq3 heterojunction. The maximum OMR reaches 13.2% at room temperature under an external magnetic field of 300 mT, which is well interpreted by the different roles of singlet and triplet IGCT states in hole transport. As demonstrated, the hole transport is blocked by singlet IGCT and passed through by triplet IGCT. By manipulating the Larmor frequencies

Δ
ω
=
Δ
g

μ

B

B

/

ℏ

of mixing singlet and triplet IGCT states through Δg mechanism under an external magnetic field, the hole current is modulated, thus generating OMR. Furthermore, OMR can be further enhanced to 15.4% at 300 mT and 27.9% at 1000 mT by inserting a thin BCP interlayer between m-MTDATA and Alq3 layers. This picture will help to implement a giant OMR with interfacial CT states in the future.
Thermal conductivity of van der Waals heterostructure of 2D GeS and SnS based on machine learning interatomic potential
Authors: Li Wentao , Yang Chenxiu
Published: September 2023

van der Waals heterostructures have provided an unprecedented platform to tune many physical properties for two-dimensional materials. In this work, thermal transport properties of van der Waals heterostructures formed by vertical stacking of monolayers GeS and SnS have been investigated systematically based on machine learning interatomic potential. The effect of van der Waals interface on the lattice thermal transport of 2D SnS and GeS can be well clarified by introducing various stacking configurations. Our results indicate that the van der Waals interface can strongly suppress the thermal transport capacity for the considered heterostructures, and either the average thermal conductivity per layer or the 2D thermal sheet conductance for the considered heterostructures is lower than that of corresponding monolayers. The suppressed thermal conductivity with tunable in-plane anisotropy in SnS/GeS heterostructures can be ascribed to the enhanced interface anharmonic scattering, and thus exhibits obvious interface-dependent characteristics. Therefore, this work highlights that the van der Waals interface can be employed to effectively modulate thermal transport for the 2D puckered group-IV monochalcogenides, and the suppressed lattice thermal conductivity together with interface-dependent phonon transport properties in the SnS/GeS heterostructure imply the great potential for corresponding thermoelectrical applications.
ICRP workshop on the review and revision of the system of radiological protection: a focus on research priorities—feedback from the international community
Authors: Rühm Werner , Yu Hyungjoon , Clement Christopher , Ainsbury Elizabeth A , Andresz Sylvain , Bryant Peter , Chapple Claire-Louise , Croüail Pascal , Damilakis John , Ermacora Marcela G , Eurajoki Tapani , Gering Florian , Molyneux-Hodgson Susan , Hupe Oliver , Impens Nathalie , Lassmann Michael , Martins João O , Mazzoni Lorenzo Nicola , Mogg Christopher , Morgan Julie , Perko Tanja , Pinak Miroslav , Santos Joana , Stritt Nicolas , Tanner Rick , Turcanu Catrinel , Vermeersch Fernand
Published: September 2023

In September 2022, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) organised a workshop in Estoril, Portugal, on the ‘Review and Revision of the System of Radiological Protection: A Focus on Research Priorities’. The workshop, which was a side event of the European Radiation Protection Week, offered an opportunity to comment on a recent paper published by ICRP on areas of research to support the System of Radiological Protection. Altogether, about 150 individuals participated in the workshop. After the workshop, 16 of the 30 organisations in formal relations with ICRP provided written feedback. All participants and organisations followed ICRP’s view that further research in various areas will offer additional support in improving the System in the short, medium, and long term. In general, it was emphasised that any research should be outcome-focused in that it should improve protection of people or the environment. Many research topics mentioned by the participants were in line with those already identified by ICRP in the paper noted above. In addition, further ideas were expressed such as, for example, that lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic with regards to the non-radiological social, economic and environment impacts, should be analysed for their usefulness to enhance radiological protection, and that current protection strategies and application of current radiological protection principles may need to be adapted to military scenarios like those observed recently during the military conflict in the Ukraine or the detonation of a nuclear weapon. On a broader perspective, it was discussed how radiation research and radiological protection can contribute towards the Sustainable Development Goals announced by the United Nations in 2015. This paper summarises the views expressed during the workshop and the major take home messages identified by ICRP.
On the value and costs of protective actions in a nuclear emergency
Authors: Pearce Keith
Published: September 2023

This paper reviews the current orthodoxy for the prompt application of shelter and evacuation advice in the event of a nuclear emergency in the light of the reassessment of the perceived costs and benefits of these protective actions that followed the Fukushima event. In particular, it discusses the mechanisms and criteria for the withdrawal of protective action advice or their continuation for more than a few hours and their impact on public perception. It suggests that lack of thought given to this area may lead to protective actions being kept in place for longer than necessary leading to more harm than good. It also considers the language used to recommend protective actions and to modify them as the event unfolds. Would over strong language used at the start of the event to encourage compliance contribute to public concerns later? Finally, the report poses some discussion points.
Multi-level federated learning based on cloud-edge-client collaboration and outlier-tolerance for fault diagnosis
Authors: Ma Xue , He Xiao , Wu Xinyu , Wen Chenglin
Published: September 2023

The existing federated structure protects data privacy with only a certain level of confidentiality, and it is difficult to resist the reconstruction of other clients’ data by malicious participants inside the federated and the illegal manipulation by external attackers or interceptors on the shared information. Besides, the average fusion algorithm used in the cloud center is difficult to eliminate the negative impact of outliers on model updates, and it cannot handle and fuse the time delay or even packet loss that occurs in the information obtained from each local client promptly. Therefore, to make the federated learning (FL) mechanism with stronger privacy protection ability and security, while effectively avoiding the negative impact of outliers on the aggregation of model parameters. We innovatively establish multi-Level FL based on cloud-edge-client collaboration and outlier-tolerance for fault diagnosis. At first, we build a multi-level FL network framework based on the cloud-edge-client collaborative approach for restricted sharing of network parameters level by level without data communication. Then, the edge-side performs Euclidean metrics on the restricted shared model parameters uploaded to the primary edge by each client, and uses them to identify outliers to evaluate and weight them for outlier-tolerance; Then, an outlier-tolerance mechanism is designed based on a centralized Kalman filtering algorithm that is to adjust the modeling error weights adaptively; Lastly, the cloud center performs asynchronous aggregation on the model parameters uploaded asynchronously by the highest-level edge based on a sequential Kalman filtering algorithm and transmitted the optimal model parameters back along the original path. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on the collected dataset.
Charge-transfer-driven enhanced room-temperature ferromagnetism in BiFeO3/Ag nanocomposite
Authors: Chatterjee Tania , Mishra Shubhankar , Mukherjee Arnab , Pal Prabir , Satpati Biswarup , Bhattacharya Dipten
Published: September 2023

We report observation of more than an order of magnitude jump in saturation magnetization in BiFeO3/Ag nanocomposite at room temperature compared to what is observed in bare BiFeO3 nanoparticles. Using transmission electron microscopy together with energy dispersive x-ray spectra (which maps the element concentration across the BiFeO3/Ag interface) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that both the observed specific self-assembly pattern of BiFeO3 and Ag nanoparticles and the charge transfer between Ag and O are responsible for such an enormous rise in room-temperature magnetization. The BiFeO3/Ag nanocomposites, therefore, could prove to be extremely useful for a variety of applications including biomedical.
Photocatalytic active ZnO1−x
S
x
@CNTs heteronanostructures
Authors: Bjelajac Andjelika , Florea Ileana , Zamfir Mihai , Nenez Sandrine Tusseau , Cojocaru Costel Sorin
Published: September 2023

Herein, we report on the use of vertically aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) films as support for ZnO/ZnS photocatalytic active nanostructures. The CNTs were synthetized via a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HfCVD), using Fe catalyst on top of Al2O3 buffer layer. Controlled point defects in the CNTs outer walls were created by exposure to a low pressure nonthermal water vapors diffusive plasma and acted as seeds for subsequent pulsed-electrodeposition of Zn nanoparticles. This was to achieve a direct and improved contact between the nanoparticles and CNTs. To obtain ZnO, ZnS and mix phase of ZnO/ZnS spread on CNTs, the oxidation, sulfurization and 2 steps subsequent annealing in oxygen and sulfur rich atmospheres were applied. High resolution transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-rays spectroscopy in scanning mode, provided the chemical mapping of the structures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses proved the hexagonal phase of ZnO and ZnS, obtained after oxidation in H2O and S vapors, respectively. In the case of the samples obtained by the 2 steps subsequent annealing, XRD showed mainly the presence of ZnO and a small amount of ZnS. The benefit of the secondary annealing in S vapor was seen as an absorption enhancement of the ZnO1−x
S
x
@CNTs sample having the absorption edge at 417 nm, whereas the absorption edge of ZnO@CNTs was 408 nm and of ZnS@CNTs 360 nm. For all the samples, compared to the bare ZnO and ZnS, the absorption red shift was observed which is attributed to the CNTs involvement. Therefore, this study showed the double sides benefit to induce the absorption of ZnO of the visible light, one from S doping and second of CNTs involvement. The absorption enhancement had a positive impact on photocatalytic degradation of methyl blue dye, showing that ZnO1−x
Sx@CNTs heteronanostructure was the best photocatalyst among the studied samples.
Continuous time-resolved estimated synthetic 4D-CTs for dose reconstruction of lung tumor treatments at a 0.35 T MR-linac
Authors: Rabe Moritz , Paganelli Chiara , Schmitz Henning , Meschini Giorgia , Riboldi Marco , Hofmaier Jan , Nierer-Kohlhase Lukas , Dinkel Julien , Reiner Michael , Parodi Katia , Belka Claus , Landry Guillaume , Kurz Christopher , Kamp Florian
Published: September 2023

Objective. To experimentally validate a method to create continuous time-resolved estimated synthetic 4D-computed tomography datasets (tresCTs) based on orthogonal cine MRI data for lung cancer treatments at a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided linear accelerator (MR-linac). Approach. A breathing porcine lung phantom was scanned at a CT scanner and 0.35 T MR-linac. Orthogonal cine MRI series (sagittal/coronal orientation) at 7.3 Hz, intersecting tumor-mimicking gelatin nodules, were deformably registered to mid-exhale 3D-CT and 3D-MRI datasets. The time-resolved deformation vector fields were extrapolated to 3D and applied to a reference synthetic 3D-CT image (sCTref), while accounting for breathing phase-dependent lung density variations, to create 82 s long tresCTs at 3.65 Hz. Ten tresCTs were created for ten tracked nodules with different motion patterns in two lungs. For each dataset, a treatment plan was created on the mid-exhale phase of a measured ground truth (GT) respiratory-correlated 4D-CT dataset with the tracked nodule as gross tumor volume (GTV). Each plan was recalculated on the GT 4D-CT, randomly sampled tresCT, and static sCTref images. Dose distributions for corresponding breathing phases were compared in gamma (2%/2 mm) and dose–volume histogram (DVH) parameter analyses. Main results. The mean gamma pass rate between all tresCT and GT 4D-CT dose distributions was 98.6%. The mean absolute relative deviations of the tresCT with respect to GT DVH parameters were 1.9%, 1.0%, and 1.4% for the GTV D
98%, D
50%, and D
2%, respectively, 1.0% for the remaining nodules D
50%, and 1.5% for the lung V
20Gy. The gamma pass rate for the tresCTs was significantly larger (p < 0.01), and the GTV D
50% deviations with respect to the GT were significantly smaller (p < 0.01) than for the sCTref. Significance. The results suggest that tresCTs could be valuable for time-resolved reconstruction and intrafractional accumulation of the dose to the GTV for lung cancer patients treated at MR-linacs in the future.
Anisotropic Segre [(11)(1,1)] dark energy following a particular equation of state
Authors: Beltracchi Philip
Published: September 2023

A generally anisotropic equation of state originally derived in the context of Newman-Janis rotating systems allows for vacuum energy at a specific density. In this paper we examine the possibility of using that equation of state for cosmological dark energy. We treat the case of large scale ordering of the directions of the energy-momentum tensor eigenvectors with a Bianchi cosmological model, and treat the case where the ordering is random on small scales with an effectively isotropic FLRW system. We find particular spacetimes which evolve towards a vacuum energy/ de Sitter like configuration in either case. In the anisotropic Bianchi case, the system can have behavior reminiscent of big bounce cosmologies, in which the matter content approaches vacuum energy at large scale factor and can behave in a variety of ways at small scale factor. For particular conditions in the effectively isotropic case, we can evolve between true and false vacuum configurations, or between radiation like and vacuum energy configurations. We also show how some simpler equations of state behave under the same assumptions to elucidate the methods for analysis.
Recent and future applications of ultrasound-activated piezoelectric nanoparticles for anticancer treatment: mini-review
Authors: Catalano E
Published: September 2023

Piezoelectric nanomaterials have the ability to control cancer cells from a distance. Chronic stimulation using ultrasound-driven piezoelectric nanoparticles can reduce cancer cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest. This method presents a promising solution to minimize undesirable effects. Numerous in vitro studies with various types of piezoelectric nanomaterials have shown that chronic stimulation interferes with multiple oncogenes, tumor suppressor gene, modifying the balance of cancer cell proliferation and calcium homeostasis, leading to the upregulation of K+ channel gene expression, and resulting in the arrest of the cancer cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Additionally, the stimulation affects the organization of mitotic spindles during mitosis and modifies the cytoskeleton capable of disrupting the normal function of cancer cells, leading to their destruction. Evidence of anticancer effects has been demonstrated in cells of osteosarcoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and glioblastoma multiforme, showing a potential wide antitumor effect of piezoelectric nanomaterials.
Light-harvesting proteins intermolecular order in the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) nanofilms – methods and applications.
Authors: Pechkova Eugenia
Published: September 2023

Light-harvesting proteins can be used as versatile building blocks for the realization of functional biomaterials. A pathway to the hierarchical arrangement of protein molecules into functional biomaterials is provided by mesoscale (>50 nm) self-assembly. This nanotechnological approach opens new avenue in applications of light-harvesting proteins in materials science and bioelectronics (e.g., biosensors, energy-conversion devices).

Phycocyanin (PC), a phycobiliprotein found in the majority of cyanobacteria and red algae’s photosynthetic light-harvesting phycobilisome complex, has the potential to be used in a wide range of nanobiotechnological applications, such as biological photovoltaic devices and as a natural photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells. However, such applications frequently need for certain operating conditions, with thermal stability as one of the most crucial. Here we compare three advanced methods: Cryo-EM, X-ray nanodifraction and XFEL, previously used for probing local temperature-induced self-assembly in thermally annealed PC LB multilayered nanofilms.
Influence of the conductive coating on combined CPEM and Raman analysis.
Authors: Mura F , Dinarelli S , Mancini C , Proietti A , Buccini L , Silvestri S , Passeri D , Rossi M
Published: September 2023

The sample preparation is one of the fundamental steps to obtain a successful correlative microscopy experiment, and for non-conductive materials the deposition of a thin metal coating is often mandatory for a good SEM observation. Nevertheless, in case of correlative experiment, where AFM and Raman spectroscopy are involved in the workflow, this deposition will have a direct influence on both the analysis. In this paper, an investigation about the most common conductive materials used in SEM sample preparation, such as chromium, graphite and gold, and their behaviour in the construction of correlative microscopy workflow is proposed, showing in our results, that chromium is the best choice for this type of combined analysis.
Global sensitivity analysis of structural parameters for automobile air conditioning blower
Authors: Li Kang , Huang Yan , Li Lu , Dong Dawei
Published: September 2023

In new energy vehicles, due to the loss of the traditional engine noise source coverage, the air conditioning blower has become the main source of noises. In this work, the simulation of the radius of volute tongue (R), the gap of the tongue(d), the blade outlet angle (β) and the volute profile(A) were conducted to obtain the influence degree of each parameter on the aerodynamic noise and the efficiency of the blower, the numerical methods of which were verified by the experimental test. A global sensitivity analysis (GSA) methodology was adopted to study the effect of structural parameters of the automotive air conditioning blower on the aerodynamic noise and the performance. The GSA results show that β has the greatest effect whose global sensitivity coefficient is 0.86 under the noise target. A has the maximum coefficient which is 0.82 under the efficiency targe. When taking the all higher-order effect into consideration, it is R and β that have the greatest influence on the aerodynamic noise and the efficiency. According to the result of the second-order sensitivity analysis, it is crucial for optimizing the blower to consider the fit of R and β. The GSA results in this study provides a certain reference for the design of noise reduction and efficiency improvement of blowers.