bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Organo-nitrogen Fertilization on N-uptake and Growth Yield of Potatoes using 15N
Authors: Moursy Ahmed , Ismail M. M.
Published: May 2021

Fertilization is an important and limiting factor for growth and tuber production of potatoes crop because plants non adsorption amounts of nutrients from the soil. Data obtained the tea compost spray or tea compost fertigation single or mixed with mineral-N. Resulted in grand mean the highest tuber yield of potatoes tea compost methods, the value of tuber yield value (42.34 tan ha -1) which relatively increased by about 15.68%, 11.31% over the untreated addition compost to soil and tea compost fertigation.Also data show that grand mean the highest shoot dry weight of potatoes foliar compost tea methods, the value of tuber yield value (4.79 tan ha -1) which relatively increased by about 41.54%,24.43% over the untreated addition compost to soil and tea compost fertigation. Also data show under methods, fertigaion compost tea, with treatment 50% compost tea+ 50% mineral –N  seems to be the best ones in nitrogen  uptake by tuber potato plant (131.24 kg ha-1). the compost tea fertigation, % Ndff, Ndfcompost in tuber  was much higher for tea compost fertigation (57.74 kg ha-1) ,(56.62 kg ha -1 )than for compost tea foliar methods  (50.21 kg ha-1),(51.84 kg ha-1)  and compost  addition to soil  (33.02 kg ha-1) , (27.82 kg ha-1) respectively . The percentage nitrogen use efficiency (%NUE) by tuber ranged from %9.17 to %16.27 due to (MA1)+R2 and 100 % MF , respectively.
Transmission Dynamics of Intestinal Parasites Infection in Children under Anthelminthic Treatment Residing in a High-Risk Area in Cameroon
Authors: Bowo-Ngandji Arnol , Ousmanou Djabidatou , Efietngab Atembeh-Noura , Lucia Nkengazong , Mohamadou Halmata , Chantal Ngonde Marie
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Intestinal parasites continue to pose an important public health problem in low-income countries with children being the most affected, thus justifying their therapeutic follow up.

Objective: This work aimed to update the epidemiological base data and evaluate transmission dynamics of intestinal parasites at one and three months post treatment following the administration of multiple doses of mebendazole 100mg in children of the Lolodorf health district, South Region.

Methods: 381 stool samples were collected from participants and analysed using the kato-katz and formol ether technicsand each participant treated with multiple dosesof mebendazole within three days. Samples were collected at one and three months post treatment from same individuals. Two indicators were used to evaluate transmission dynamics: reinfection rate and number of newly infected individuals.

Results: A global infection rate of 65.3% involving Ascaris lumbricoides (23.1 %), Trichuris trichiura (35.2 %), hookworms (7.9 %), Hymenolepis diminuta (0.3 %), Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (5.8 %), Entamoeba coli (19.2 %), Entamoeba hartmanni (0.3 %) and Candida sp (26.0 %) was registered. Single infection (53.6%) was significantly higher than multiple infections (46.4%) (P=0.04). Significance was in favour of male sex for hookworm infections (P=0.04). Transmission dynamics of the different groups of parasites showed a reduction of helminths and protozoan parasites infections with complete absence of Candida sp. after treatment. The global reinfection rate obtained at three months post treatment was 7.3% with high values observed for T. trichiura (6.1%). The proportion of newly infected individuals varied from 6.2% to 8.9% at one and three months post treatment.

Conclusion: These results showed persistence in active transmission of various intestinal parasites in the study area. Hence, stakeholders in charge of controlling theseinfections shouldreinforce specific intervention measures against these diseases such as the implication of control measures at all levels of the transmission chain (individual and environmental level).
Downregulation of SUMO2 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion
Authors: Chen Jintu , Chen Canwei , Lin Yongfa , Su Yongfa , Yu Xueping , Jiang Yancheng , Chen Zixuan , Ke ShaoYing , Lin ShaoZe , Chen LiangJuan , Zhang Zhishan , Zhang Tao
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value and biological function of small ubiquitin‐like modifier 2 (SUMO2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). SUMO2 expression in HCC tissues was markedly higher than that in normal liver tissues, and patients with high SUMO2 expression had significantly shorter median overall survival than those with low SUMO2 expression. Furthermore, SUMO2 expression was closely correlated with lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion and was a predictor of poor prognosis. The knockdown of SUMO2 in two HCC cell lines (SMMC‐7721 and Bel‐7404) dramatically suppressed their proliferation, migration and invasion. Western blot analysis showed that the downregulation of SUMO2 significantly reduced the expression of Ki‐67, matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in SMMC‐7721 and Bel‐7404 cells. Similarly, quantitative reverse transcription–PCR revealed consistently decreased expression of MMP‐9 and VEGF. Our data suggest that SUMO2 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells via mechanisms involving MMP‐9 and VEGF. Therefore, SUMO2 may be a prognostic factor and a promising therapeutic target for patients with HCC.
Tracking control for flexible joint robots based on adaptive fuzzy compensation with uncertain parameters
Authors: Huang Huayuan , Pan Hongtao , Cheng Yong
Published: May 2021

This article presents a control scheme for flexible joint robots which has uncertain parameters based on adaptive fuzzy compensation. Considering the unknown parameters, the proposed state feedback control approach utilizes measured variables to establish a cascade structure that is based on simplified dynamics. After reducing the number of fuzzy rules, the adaptive fuzzy logic system is added as compensation to decrease the approximated errors, and the robust terms are also used to enhance the robustness of closed‐loop system. Then, the global asymptotic stability could be confirmed through Lyapunov stability principle and Barbalat's lemma. Compared with the other two controllers, the proposed control method has not only higher position accuracy and better dynamic performance but also robustness to the approximation of motor inertia, friction torque and link torque. Some simulation experiments are conducted to show the validity of the proposed scheme.
HHS‐proposed rule gutting HIPAA would especially hurt patients with SUD
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2021

In the ongoing call to make 42 CFR like the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), people who want access to patient records for alcohol and drug use disorders may be thinking “Watch out what you ask for.” Now the federal Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has made good on a promise to try to get rid of most of the protections of HIPAA (See “HHS considers weakening HIPAA,” ADAW January 21 2019; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.32231). The proposed modifications to the HIPAA Privacy Rule, published Jan. 21 in the Federal Register and released earlier (see ADAW, Jan. 11), would have negative consequences for people with substance use disorder (SUD) — and to all patients — according to comments filed by the Legal Action Center and the American Medical Association.
Phase‐Modulation of Iron/Nickel Phosphides Nanocrystals “Armored” with Porous P‐Doped Carbon and Anchored on P‐Doped Graphene Nanohybrids for Enhanced Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Lei , Fan Jiayao , Liu Ying , Chen Mingyu , Lin Yue , Bi Hengchang , Liu Bingxue , Shi Naien , Xu Dongdong , Bao Jianchun , Han Min
Published: May 2021

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) nanostructures have emerged as important electroactive materials for energy storage and conversion. Nonetheless, the phase modulation of iron/nickel phosphides nanocrystals or related nanohybrids remains challenging, and their electrocatalytic overall water splitting (OWS) performances are not fully investigated. Here, the phase‐controlled synthesis of iron/nickel phosphides nanocrystals “armored” with porous P‐doped carbon (PC) and anchored on P‐doped graphene (PG) nanohybrids, including FeP–Fe2P@PC/PG, FeP–(NixFe1‐x)2P@PC/PG, (NixFe1‐x)2P@PC/PG, and Ni2P@PC/PG, are realized by thermal conversion of predesigned supramolecular gels under Ar/H2 atmosphere and tuning Fe/Ni ratio in gel precursors. Thanks to phase‐modulation‐induced increase of available catalytic active sites and optimization of surface/interface electronic structures, the resultant pure‐phase (NixFe1‐x)2P@PC/PG exhibits the highest electrocatalytic activity for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution in alkaline media. Remarkably, using it as a bifunctional catalyst, the fabricated (NixFe1‐x)2P@PC/PG||(NixFe1‐x)2P@PC/PG electrolyzer needs exceptional low cell voltage (1.45 V) to reach 10 mA cm−2 water‐splitting current, outperforming its mixed phase and monometallic phosphides counterparts and recently reported bifunctional catalysts based devices, and Pt/C||IrO2 electrolyzer. Also, such (NixFe1‐x)2P@PC/PG||(NixFe1‐x)2P@PC/PG device manifests outstanding durability for OWS. This work may shed light on optimizing TMPs nanostructures by combining phase‐modulation and heteroatoms‐doped carbon double‐confinement strategies, and accelerate their applications in OWS or other renewable energy options.
Fluoride‐Rich Solid‐Electrolyte‐Interface Enabling Stable Sodium Metal Batteries in High‐Safe Electrolytes
Authors: Liu Xuyang , Zheng Xueying , Dai Yiming , Wu Wangyan , Huang Yangyang , Fu Haoyu , Huang Yunhui , Luo Wei
Published: May 2021

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) are promising for large scale energy storage due to the remarkable capacity of sodium metal anode (SMA) and the natural abundance of Na‐containing resources. However, multiple challenges exist with regards to the usage of SMBs, including dendritic Na growth, poor cyclability of SMA, and severe safety hazards stemming from the employment of the highly flammable liquid electrolytes. Herein, by introducing two functional fluorinated solvents, 1,1,2,2‐tetra‐fluoroethyl 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl ether (HFE) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) into trimethyl phosphate (TMP)‐based electrolyte, a SMA‐compatible flame‐retardant electrolyte is enabled, in which Na/Na symmetrical cells can cycle for 800 h at 1.0 mA cm−2 or 3.0 mAh cm−2. Specifically, the non‐solvating HFE plays a critical role in increasing the local electrolyte concentration and reducing the unfavorable decomposition of TMP molecules. By introducing FEC as the co‐solvent simultaneously, its preferential defluorination induces a fluoride‐rich solid‐electrolyte interphase that prevents Na metal surface against the continuous parasitic reactions. More importantly, the designed electrolyte is endowed with an intrinsic non‐flammability, which manifests a prerequisite for the real‐life application of SMBs.
Correlated Magnetic Weyl Semimetal State in Strained Pr2Ir2O7
Authors: Li Yangyang , Oh Taekoo , Son Jaeseok , Song Jeongkeun , Kim Mi Kyung , Song Dongjun , Kim Sukhyun , Chang Seo Hyoung , Kim Changyoung , Yang Bohm‐Jung , Noh Tae Won
Published: May 2021

Correlated topological phases (CTPs) with interplay between topology and electronic correlations have attracted tremendous interest in condensed matter physics. Therein, correlated Weyl semimetals (WSMs) are rare in nature and, thus, have so far been less investigated experimentally. In particular, the experimental realization of the interacting WSM state with logarithmic Fermi velocity renormalization has not been achieved yet. Here, experimental evidence of a correlated magnetic WSM state with logarithmic renormalization in strained pyrochlore iridate Pr2Ir2O7 (PIO) which is a paramagnetic Luttinger semimetal in bulk, is reported. Benefitting from epitaxial strain, “bulk‐absent” all‐in–all‐out antiferromagnetic ordering can be stabilized in PIO film, which breaks time‐reversal symmetry and leads to a magnetic WSM state. With further analysis of the experimental data and renormalization group calculations, an interacting Weyl liquid state with logarithmically renormalized Fermi velocity, similar to that in graphene, is found, dressed by long‐range Coulomb interactions. This work highlights the interplay of strain, magnetism, and topology with electronic correlations, and paves the way for strain‐engineering of CTPs in pyrochlore iridates.
Adipocyte‐Derived Anticancer Lipid Droplets
Authors: Liang Tingxizi , Wen Di , Chen Guojun , Chan Amanda , Chen Zhaowei , Li Hongjun , Wang Zejun , Han Xiao , Jiang Liping , Zhu Jun‐Jie , Gu Zhen
Published: May 2021

Engineering of efficient and safe materials remains a challenge for cancer therapy. Here, the lipid droplet, an organelle in adipocytes, is demonstrated to be a controllable and biocompatible vehicle to deliver anticancer drugs. It is validated that isolated lipid droplets maintain their key physiological functions to interact with other organelles and augment the therapeutic effect of cancer photodynamic therapy by encapsulation with a lipid‐conjugated photosensitizer (Pyrolipid) through a variety of pathways, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); lipid peroxidation; and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. As such, the IC50 value of Pyrolipid is reduced by 6.0‐fold when loaded into the lipid droplet. Of note, in vivo results demonstrate that engineered lipid droplets induce significant inhibition of tumor growth with minimal side effects.
KPFM Study of Flexible Ferroelectric Polymer/Water Interface for Understanding the Working Principle of Liquid–Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Singh Huidrom Hemojit , Khare Neeraj
Published: May 2021

In the present work, the triboelectric phenomenon is explored in the ferroelectric polymer (ZnO‐PVDF film) surface when water drops fall on it. Using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), it is found that negative charges are generated on the surface of the film as the water drop comes into contact with the ZnO‐PVDF film, and the induced charges are found to stay on the surface for about 5 min. It is also observed that when subsequent water drops fall on the polymer surface, the charge remains almost constant. Based on the KPFM results, a mechanism for electricity generation in liquid–solid interface triboelectric nanogenerator (LSTENG) is proposed. An LSTENG has been fabricated using ZnO‐PVDF film, which shows an open‐circuit voltage of ≈1.3V and a short circuit current of ≈0.34 µA. The electrical characteristics of the LSTENG device agree with the proposed mechanism.
Expansion of Rare Cancer Cells into Tumoroids for Therapeutic Regimen and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Enkhbat Myagmartsend , Liu Yung‐Chiang , Kim Jua , Xu Yanshan , Yin Zongyi , Liu Tzu‐Ming , Deng Chu‐Xia , Zou Chang , Xie Xi , Li Xiaowu , Wang Peng‐Yuan
Published: May 2021

Rare cancer cells, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs), are small cell population found in cancer patients. CTCs have been recognized as tumor avatars for real‐time cancer monitoring, while CSCs are the most malignant tumor cells that play a dominant role in drug resistance and metastasis. Interestingly, these two types of cells share the same surface markers, such as EpCAM, CD44, and CD133. While capturing these rare cells is available, the expansion of these cells is still challenging due to the limited cell number. These cells are susceptible to the microenvironment and lose the capability to grow in vitro, especially after an intense capturing process. A technology called patient‐derived tumor organoids (PDOs) or tumoroids is a rising start in cancer modeling but the applicability is still questionable. Recently, assembloids containing multiple tumor‐related cells have been developed which is one step closer to the real tumor. In this review, strategies for in vitro expansion of tumoroids are summarized implying that artificial tumor niche composed of optimized biophysical and biological cues is vital in the tumoroid generation. Tumoroids containing rare cancer cells is believed to be beneficial in the diagnosis, therapeutic regimen, and drug discovery for personalized therapy.
Restoration of H3k27me3 Modification Epigenetically Silences Cry1 Expression and Sensitizes Leptin Signaling to Reduce Obesity‐Related Properties
Authors: Wei Yan , Chen Jun , Xu Xing , Li Fan , Wu Kun , Jiang Yingying , Rao Yuqing , Zhao Chen , Chen Wantao , Wang Xu
Published: May 2021

The trimethylation on histone H3 lysine 27 (H3k27me3), a transcriptionally repressive epigenetic mark of permissive chromatin, can be removed by the histone lysine demethylase 6a (Kdm6a). However, the physiological function of H3k27me3 and Kdm6a on circadian genes remains largely elusive. With the ChIP‐Seq and mRNA microarray assays, a critical role is identified for Kdm6a in the regulation of H3k27me3 to impact the expression of Crytochrome 1 (Cry1) in the hypothalamus of diet induced obesity mice. More importantly, both conditional knockout and pharmacological inhibition of Kdm6a reduce body weight and stabilize blood glucose homeostasis. Although a Kdm6a inhibitor fails to decrease body weight in leptin receptor‐deficient db/db mice, it significantly decreases Cry1 expression, enhances sensitivity to exogenous leptin administration, and blocks body weight increases in endo‐leptin‐deficient ob/ob mice. Moreover, gene analysis of the human hypothalamus further reveals a positive correlation between Kdm6a and Cry1. The results show that inhibition of Kdm6a reduces the Cry1 expression and sensitizes leptin signaling to combat obesity‐related disease. Therefore, it implicates Kdm6a as an attractive drug target for obesity and metabolic disorders.
Direct Observation of Confinement Effects of Semiconducting Polymers in Polymer Blend Electronic Systems
Authors: Park Byoungwook , Kang Hongkyu , Ha Yeon Hee , Kim Jehan , Lee Jong‐Hoon , Yu Kilho , Kwon Sooncheol , Jang Soo‐Young , Kim Seok , Jeong Soyeong , Hong Soonil , Byun Seunghwan , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Kim Yun‐Hi , Lee Kwanghee
Published: May 2021

The advent of special types of polymeric semiconductors, known as “polymer blends,” presents new opportunities for the development of next‐generation electronics based on these semiconductors' versatile functionalities in device applications. Although these polymer blends contain semiconducting polymers (SPs) mixed with a considerably high content of insulating polymers, few of these blends unexpectedly yield much higher charge carrier mobilities than those of pure SPs. However, the origin of such an enhancement has remained unclear owing to a lack of cases exhibiting definite improvements in charge carrier mobility, and the limited knowledge concerning the underlying mechanism thereof. In this study, the morphological changes and internal nanostructures of polymer blends based on various SP types with different intermolecular interactions in an insulating polystyrene matrix are investigated. Through this investigation, the physical confinement of donor–acceptor type SP chains in a continuous nanoscale network structure surrounded by polystyrenes is shown to induce structural ordering with more straight edge‐on stacked SP chains. Hereby, high‐performance and transparent organic field‐effect transistors with a hole mobility of ≈5.4 cm2 V–1 s–1 and an average transmittance exceeding 72% in the visible range are achieved.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2‐Diketones: An Overview
Authors: Kumar Atul , Sridharan Vellaisamy
Published: May 2021

The 1,2‐diketone structural motif is present in various natural products and compounds of biological significance. In addition, these compounds are frequently used as precursors or intermediates in several synthetically important organic transformations. The transition‐metal catalysis plays an essential role for the generation of several carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds to access diverse heterocyclic compounds. This metal‐catalyzed approach has been frequently used for the synthesis of these valuable 1,2‐diketones. This review summarizes the various approaches involving the transition metal‐catalyzed synthesis of 1,2‐diketones from easily accessible staring materials.
An Engineered Prussian Blue Nanoparticles‐Based Nanoimmunotherapy Elicits Robust and Persistent Immunological Memory in a TH‐MYCN Neuroblastoma Model
Authors: Shukla Anshi , Cano-Mejia Juliana , Andricovich Jaclyn , Burga Rachel A. , Sweeney Elizabeth E. , Fernandes Rohan
Published: May 2021

A combination therapy using Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNP) as photothermal therapy (PTT) agents coated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, an immunologic adjuvant, as a nanoimmunotherapy (CpG‐PBNP‐PTT) for neuroblastoma (NB) is described. NB driven by MYCN amplification confers high risk and correlates with a dismal prognosis, accounting for the majority of NB‐related mortality. The efficacy of the CpG‐PBNP‐PTT nanoimmunotherapy in a clinically relevant, TH‐MYCN murine NB model (9464D) overexpressing MYCN is tested. When administered to 9464D NB cells in vitro, CpG‐PBNP‐PTT triggers thermal dose‐dependent immunogenic cell death and tumor cell priming for immune recognition in vitro, measured by the expression of specific costimulatory and antigen‐presenting molecules. In vivo, intratumorally administered CpG‐PBNP‐PTT generates complete tumor regression and significantly higher long‐term survival compared to controls. Furthermore, CpG‐PBNP‐PTT‐treated mice reject tumor rechallenge. Ex vivo studies confirm these therapeutic responses result from the generation of robust T cell‐mediated immunological memory. Consequently, in a synchronous 9464D tumor model, CpG‐PBNP‐PTT induces complete tumor regression on the treated flank and significantly slows tumor progression on the untreated flank, improving animal survival. These findings demonstrate that localized administration of the CpG‐PBNP‐PTT nanoimmunotherapy drives potent systemic T cell responses in solid tumors such as NB and therefore has therapeutic implications for NB.
Generalized Ring Pearcey Beams with Tunable Autofocusing Properties
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyan , Pang Zihao , Zhao Daomu
Published: May 2021

In this paper, generalized ring Pearcey beams are proposed theoretically and their corresponding generation is demonstrated experimentally by use of the double‐phase method. Generalized ring Pearcey beams evolve into circular or elliptical ring Pearcey beams, depending on the elliptical parameter. It is shown that the autofocusing properties of such beams can be effectively controlled by adjusting the elliptical parameter and the spatial distribution factor. To perform a more comprehensive investigation, the radially polarized forms of the beams are also realized in experiments. It is found that for both cases of vector and scalar, the peak intensity of the beams at the autofocusing plane undergo a dramatic increase as compared with that at the initial plane. Finally, by taking optical trapping as an example, it is proved that generalized ring Pearcey beams could be a productive instrument for industrial applications.
Interfacial Microenvironment Modulation Boosting Electron Transfer between Metal Nanoparticles and MOFs for Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Xu Mingliang , Li Dandan , Sun Kang , Jiao Long , Xie Chenfan , Ding Chunmei , Jiang Hai‐Long
Published: May 2021

Interfacial electron transfer between cocatalyst and photosensitizer is key in heterogeneous photocatalysis, yet the underlying mechanism remains subtle and unclear. Surfactant coated on the metal cocatalysts, greatly modulating the microenvironment of catalytic sites, is largely ignored. Herein, a series of Pt co‐catalysts with modulated microenvironments, including polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) capped Pt nanoparticles (denoted as PtPVP), Pt with partially removed PVP (PtrPVP), and clean Pt without PVP (Pt), were encapsulated into a metal–organic framework (MOF), UiO‐66‐NH2, to afford PtPVP@UiO‐66‐NH2, PtrPVP@UiO‐66‐NH2, and Pt@UiO‐66‐NH2, respectively, for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The PVP appears to have a negative influence on the interfacial electron transfer between Pt and the MOF. Compared with PtPVP@UiO‐66‐NH2, the removal of interfacial PVP improves the sluggish kinetics of electron transfer, boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Microwave‐assisted fabrication of a mixed‐ligand [Cu4(μ3‐OH)2]‐cluster‐based metal–organic framework with coordinatively unsaturated metal sites for carboxylation of terminal alkynes with carbon dioxide
Authors: Wang Wen‐Jing , Sun Zhong‐Hua , Chen Sheng‐Chun , Qian Jun‐Feng , He Ming‐Yang , Chen Qun
Published: May 2021

The development of efficient and stable metal–organic framework (MOF) catalysts with coordinatively unsaturated metal sites for modern organic synthesis is greatly important. Herein, a robust [Cu4(μ3‐OH)2]‐cluster‐based MOF (Cu‐MOF) with a mixed‐ligand system was successfully fabricated by a microwave‐assisted method under mild conditions. The as‐prepared Cu‐MOF catalyst possessing unsaturated Cu (II) sites exhibited excellent catalytic activity toward the direct carboxylation of 1‐ethynylbenzene with CO2, and various propiolic acid derivatives were synthesized in moderate to good yields under optimized reaction conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst remained stable and could be easily recycled for five sequential runs without incredible decrease in catalytic efficiency.
Influence of Prolonged Deep‐Frying Using Various Oils on Volatile Compounds Formation of French Fries Using GC–MS, GC‐O, and Sensory Evaluation
Authors: Xu Lirong , Wu Gangcheng , Ji Xin , Zhang Hui , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo
Published: May 2021

Flavor is a decisive sensory characteristic to determine the popularity of French fries (FF). To investigate the effect of prolonged deep‐frying using various oils on volatiles formation of FF, the FF were prepared in the palm oil (PO), soybean oil (SO), and high‐oleic rapeseed oil (RO) for 24 hours intermittent frying. The effect of oil types was found to be more significant than the frying time on the volatiles of FF indicated from the clusters of the fried FF by chemometric analysis. A total of 26 key aroma‐active compounds were identified by aroma extract dilution analysis, in which aldehydes were predominant. The FF fried in SO revealed higher desirable aroma compounds, i.e., (E, E)‐2,4‐decadienal and it increased to maximum value at 12 hours, and left the deep‐fried odor in FF. Meanwhile, a significant increase in metallic off‐flavor was observed in FF fried in SO and PO at 20 hours, indicating that oil quality reduction resulted in FF with unappealing flavor. The above results showed that frying process had an optimum frying window (approximately 4–16 hours with total polar compounds content below 22.2%), and the French fries prepared in this period obtained higher flavor scores. The study will provide insights into the effect of oil types and oxidation degree on obtaining the ideal flavors for fried food.
Study on the characteristics of flow field in disc partition in disc centrifuge
Authors: Fu Shuangcheng , Zhu Jie , Zhou Faqi , Yuan Huixin , Miao Wenjing
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the characteristics of flow field in the disc partition divided by ribs and its influence on the separation efficiency of disc centrifuge were investigated by numerical simulation and experiment. The simulated results show good agreement with the experimented data. The shape and intensity of the vortex in the thin‐layer flow in the disc gap were significantly affected by the disc partition, as well as the solid–liquid two‐phase interface and particle concentration. The analysis of Q criterion indicated that vortexes with different scales and strengths in the disc gap were produced by the disc partition with higher intensity near the neutral hole and lower intensity away from the neutral hole. In addition, the increase of disc partition led to the decrease of the scales of vortex. Especially, the motion of solid particles in the disc gap was affected by the scales and intensity of vortex. There was a critical value of separation efficiency along with the disc partition (n = 6), that is, higher or less than this value leads to the decrease of separation efficiency. And the maximal separation efficiency is 14%, 3%, and 7% higher than the disc partition of 2, 4, and 8, respectively. This research revealed that the flow field in the disc gap could be controlled by the disc partition, as well as the intensity and distribution range of vortex, by which the separation efficiency of disc centrifuge could be improved. The results presented here may provide a workable reference for the design, optimization, and application of disc centrifuge.
Subgrouping by gene expression profiles to improve relapse risk prediction in paediatric B‐precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Huang Qingsheng , Zhong Jiayong , Gao Huan , Li Kuanrong , Liang Huiying
Published: May 2021

Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) remains a prevalent paediatric cancer and one of the most common causes of mortality from malignancy in children. Tailoring the intensity of therapy according to early stratification is a promising strategy but remains a major challenge due to heterogeneity and subtyping difficulty. In this study, we subgroup B‐precursor ALL patients by gene expression profiles, using non‐negative matrix factorization and minimum description length which unsupervisedly determines the number of subgroups. Within each of the four subgroups, logistic and Cox regression with elastic net regularization are used to build models predicting minimal residual disease (MRD) and relapse‐free survival (RFS) respectively. Measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), subgrouping improves prediction of MRD in one subgroup which mostly overlaps with subtype TCF3‐PBX1 (AUC = 0·986 in the training set and 1·0 in the test set), compared to a global model published previously. The models predicting RFS displayed acceptable concordance in training set and discriminate high‐relapse‐risk patients in three subgroups of the test set (Wilcoxon test p = 0·048, 0·036, and 0·016). Genes playing roles in the models are specific to different subgroups. The improvement of subgrouped MRD prediction and the differences of genes in prediction models of subgroups suggest that the heterogeneity of B‐precursor ALL can be handled by subgrouping according to gene expression profiles to improve the prediction accuracy.
Should Periodontists Prescribe Postoperative Oral Corticosteroids to Control Pain and Swelling? A Systematic Review
Authors: Wagner Jennah C. , Johnson Thomas M. , Gilbert William A.
Published: May 2021

Focused Clinical Question

In generally healthy patients receiving third molar, periodontal, or dental implant surgery, do postoperative oral corticosteroids effectively limit pain and swelling compared with placebo or alternative medications?
Problematic psychoanalytic supervision: An interpretative phenomenological analysis study
Authors: Khoshfetrat Ali , Moore Gerry , Kiernan Gemma
Published: May 2021

Problematic supervision has been found to be a common occurrence among psychotherapists worldwide. Although there are some research studies that explore therapists' experiences of problematic supervision, the literature on such experiences in the context of psychoanalytic supervision is limited. This study, as part of a larger study, explored psychoanalytic psychotherapists' experiences of problematic supervision. Using semi‐structured interviews, 14 professional psychoanalytic practitioners were interviewed. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed for data analysis. Five themes were identified: feeling frustrated, hurting deprivation, holding back, losing my voice and challenging boundaries. This is the first study capturing professional psychoanalytic therapists' lived experiences of problematic supervision. The findings emphasise a need to take into account the supervisees' conceptualisations about their difficult experiences in order to conduct supervision in a way that is meaningful and accessible for them. The study findings can be extended by future studies that explore the supervisors and the clients' experiences of supervision. Further implications for practice and policy and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Herbal Extracts as Potential Antioxidant, Anti‐Aging, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Whitening Cosmeceutical Ingredients
Authors: Chaiyana Wantida , Charoensup Wannaree , Sriyab Suwannee , Punyoyai Chanun , Neimkhum Waranya
Published: May 2021

The aim of this research was to investigate and compare the antioxidant, anti‐tyrosinase, anti‐aging, and anti‐inflammatory activities of 16 herbal extracts for topical application in cosmetic/cosmeceutical products. Herbal plant materials were extracted by infusion in boiled water for 15 min. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of each extract were investigated by the Folin‐Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities were investigated using 2,2’‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and a ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Anti‐tyrosinase and anti‐aging activities were investigated using an in vitro enzymatic‐spectrophotometric method. Anti‐inflammatory activities were investigated using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The findings show that theStevia rebaudianaextract has the most significant levels of both phenols and flavonoids (p<0.05). TheS. rebaudiana,Rosa damascene, andPhyllanthus emblicaextracts possessed the most significant antioxidant activities (p<0.05) and a promising whitening effect with moderate anti‐tyrosinase activities. Furthermore, theEchinacea purpureaextract possessed the most significant anti‐collagenase (78.5±0.0 %), anti‐elastase (69.0±1.4 %), and anti‐hyaluronidase activity (64.2±0.3 %). TheMorus albaextract possessed the most significant anti‐inflammatory activity since it could inhibit the secretion of interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α (p<0.05). Therefore, these herbal extracts have promising skin benefits and have potential for use as active ingredients in cosmetic/cosmeceutical products.
Novel oral anticoagulants in the treatment of radial artery occlusion
Authors: Roy Sumon , Choxi Ravi , Wasilewski Melissa , Jovin Ion S.
Published: May 2021

Transradial access of the vascular system for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention has become the primary approach in several cardiac catheterization laboratories across the world. The paradigm shift from transfemoral access has been driven by improved outcomes in patients undergoing these cardiac procedures by transradial access. Radial artery occlusion is the most common vascular complication of transradial coronary procedures. Only a few studies have reported on the optimal treatment of radial artery occlusion, with ulnar artery compression and anticoagulation, especially with low‐molecular‐weight heparin, having shown the best results. In this case series, four patients who were found to have evidence of post‐cardiac catheterization radial artery occlusion on ultrasound imaging were treated with a 30‐day course of apixaban. Three of the four patients showed complete resolution of radial artery occlusion with addition of apixaban to current standard therapeutic strategies. This case series shows that treatment with novel oral anticoagulants can be an alternative and more convenient option compared to subcutaneous injection of low‐molecular heparin for anticoagulation in patients with post‐coronary angiography radial artery occlusion.
Synthesis of a highly stable Pt/CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst for gasoline engine emission control by adjusting Pt distribution
Authors: Lan Li , Xiang Junhuai , Huang Long , Huang Xin , Zhou Weiqi , Li Hongmei , Zhu Yi , Chen Shanhu
Published: May 2021

For a CeO2/Al2O3‐supported Pt catalyst system, the distribution of Pt is of significant importance to its hydrothermal stability and catalytic performance. Generally speaking, impregnation of a Pt precursor on CeO2/Al2O3 composite is a commonly applied approach to synthesize the catalyst. In this work, partially calcined CeO2 on Al2O3 was used as the support to modify Pt distribution. The characterization results reveal that for conventional Pt/CeO2/Al2O3, Pt is distributed on the outer surface of CeO2/Al2O3; although high dispersion of Pt is obtained for the fresh sample, severe aggregation of Pt species inevitably takes place upon hydrothermal aging treatment, leading to drastic catalyst deactivation. On the other hand, when Pt is principally embedded into the CeO2 region, the Pt/CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst has better hydrothermal stability; however, it still shows undesirable catalytic performance owing to the comparatively low dispersion of Pt on the surface. Fortunately, when Pt species are partially embedded into the CeO2 region, and the other portion is located on the outer surface of CeO2, a favourable balance between the dispersion and hydrothermal stability is realized, which consequently brings about superior three‐way catalytic performance after hydrothermal aging treatment.
Sinucrassins A—K, Casbane‐type Diterpenoids from the South China Sea Soft Coral Sinularia crassa
Authors: Wu Meng‐Jun , Liu Jiao , Wang Jian‐Rong , Zhang Juan , Wang Hong , Jiang Cheng‐Shi , Guo Yue‐Wei
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusion

A detailed chemical study on the Hainan soft coral Sinularia crass has resulted in the isolation and characterization of eleven casbane‐type diterpenoids, named sinucrassins A—K (1—11), along with six known related ones (12—17). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with the reported data. The absolute configurations of new compounds were determined by the X‐ray diffraction analysis and computer‐assisted structural elucidation including 13C NMR data calculation and time‐dependent density functional theory/electronic circular dichroism calculation.
CO2 Chemisorption Behavior of Coordination‐Derived Phenolate Sorbents
Authors: Suo Xian , Yang Zhenzhen , Fu Yuqing , Do‐Thanh Chi‐Linh , Chen Hao , Luo Huimin , Jiang De‐en , Mahurin Shannon M. , Xing Huabin , Dai Sheng
Published: May 2021

CO2 chemisorption via C−O bond formation is an efficient methodology in carbon capture especially using phenolate‐based ionic liquids (ILs) as the sorbents to afford carbonate products. However, most of the current IL systems involve alkylphosphonium cations, leading to side reactions via the ylide intermediate pathway. It is important to figure out the CO2 chemisorption behavior of phenolate‐derived sorbents using inactive and easily accessible cation counterparts without active protons. Herein, phenolate‐based systems were constructed via coordination between alkali metal cations with crown ethers to avoid the participation of active protons in CO2 chemisorption. Reaction pathway study revealed that CO2 uptake could be achieved by O−C bond formation to afford carbonate. CO2 uptake capacity and reaction enthalpy were significantly influenced by the coordination effect, alkali metal types, and alkyl groups on the benzene ring.
Trends in bird abundance differ among protected forests but not bird guilds
Authors: Doser Jeffrey W. , Weed Aaron S. , Zipkin Elise F. , Miller Kathryn M. , Finley Andrew O.
Published: May 2021

Improved monitoring and associated inferential tools to efficiently identify declining bird populations, particularly of rare or sparsely distributed species, is key to informed conservation and management across large spatiotemporal regions. We assess abundance trends for 106 bird species in a network of eight forested national parks located within the northeast United States from 2006 to 2019 using a novel hierarchical model. We develop a multispecies, multiregion, removal‐sampling model that shares information across species and parks to enable inference on rare species and sparsely sampled parks and to evaluate the effects of local forest structure. Trends in bird abundance over time varied widely across parks, but species showed similar trends within parks. Three parks (Acadia National Park and Marsh‐Billings‐Rockefeller and Morristown National Historical Parks [NHP]) decreased in bird abundance across all species, while three parks (Saratoga NHP and Roosevelt‐Vanderbilt and Weir‐Farm National Historic Sites) increased in abundance. Bird abundance peaked at medium levels of basal area and high levels of percent forest and forest regeneration, with percent forest having the largest effect. Variation in these effects across parks could be a result of differences in forest structural stage and diversity. By sharing information across both communities and parks, our novel hierarchical model enables uncertainty‐quantified estimates of abundance across multiple geographical (i.e., network, park) and taxonomic (i.e., community, guild, species) levels over a large spatiotemporal region. We found large variation in abundance trends across parks but not across bird guilds, suggesting that local forest condition might have a broad and consistent effect on the entire bird community within a given park. Research should target the three parks with overall decreasing trends in bird abundance to further identify what specific factors are driving observed declines across the bird community. Understanding how bird communities respond to local forest structure and other stressors (e.g., pest outbreaks, climate change) is crucial for informed and lasting management.
Flow modification associated with reduced genetic health of a river‐breeding frog,Rana boylii
Authors: Peek Ryan A. , O'Rourke Sean M. , Miller Michael R.
Published: May 2021

River regulation or flow modification—the hydrological alteration of flow by dams and diversions—has been implicated as a cause of fundamental change to downstream aquatic ecosystems. Flow modification changes the patterns and functionality of the natural flow regime and has the potential to restrict population connectivity and gene flow in river‐dependent organisms. Since population connectivity and the maintenance of genetic diversity are fundamental drivers of long‐term persistence, understanding the extent flow modification impacts these critical attributes of genetic health is an important goal for long‐term conservation. Foothill yellow‐legged frogs (Rana boylii) were historically abundant throughout many western rivers but have declined since the onset of flow regulation. However, the extent to whichR. boyliipopulations in rivers with altered flow regimes are maintaining connectivity and genetic diversity is unknown. Here, we use population genomics to investigate the impacts of flow alteration onR. boyliito explore their potential for long‐term persistence under continued flow modification. We foundR. boyliiin rivers with flow modification showed striking patterns of isolation and trajectories of genetic diversity loss relative to unregulated rivers. For example, flow modification explained the greatest amount of variance in population genetic differentiation compared with other covariates including geographic distance. Importantly, patterns of connectivity and genetic diversity loss were observed regardless of flow alteration level but were most prominent in locations with the greatest flow modification intensity. Although our results do not bode well for long‐term persistence ofR. boyliipopulations under current flow regulation regimes, they do highlight the power of genetic monitoring for assessing population health in aquatic organisms.
Edge density affects demography of an exploited grassland bird
Authors: Howell Paige E. , Terhune Theron M. , Martin James A.
Published: May 2021

Humans modify landscapes for a variety of reasons including agriculture, urbanization, and to facilitate recreation. Landscape modifications can lead to complete loss of existing cover types and/or fragmentation of remaining cover types. Grasslands are one of the ecosystems most heavily impacted by human modifications; however, for many species, an understanding of how fragmentation affects population parameters is lacking. We investigated the influence of landscape fragmentation on survival, reproduction, and density using the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), a facultative grassland species, as our case study. We experimentally manipulated the level of edge density (none, low, and high) of bobwhite management units and estimated seasonal survival, productivity, and autumn densities. Winter survival was lower in edge density treatments, relative to the control. An increase in migratory raptor density during the winter, along with a decrease in thermal refugia, may be contributing to lower winter survival in edge density treatments. Fecundity was higher in the edge density treatments, relative to the control, and was negatively related to winter survival. Similarly, breeding season survival was higher in more fragmented sites. This indicated a density‐dependent relationship, where lower bird densities at the beginning of the breeding season possibly led to greater resource availability, and thus survival and productivity, of the birds that remained. However, a density‐dependent response in breeding season survival and productivity was not enough to offset the negative impact of edges in the low edge density sites. Consequently, autumn density was lower relative to both control and high edge density treatments. Our study demonstrates the importance of capturing the entire life cycle when exploring the relationship between landscape pattern and population parameters.
Calculating adult sex ratios from observed breeding sex ratios for wide‐ranging, intermittently breeding species
Authors: Kahn J. E. , Watterson J. C. , Hager C. H. , Mathies N. , Hartman K. J.
Published: May 2021

A sex ratio is one of the most basic demographic estimates produced because it is easy to collect and provides deeper insight into population dynamics for the species under consideration. For inconsistently or intermittently breeding species, the breeding sex ratio (BSR) and adult sex ratio (ASR), both reported as the proportion of males, can be quite different. The entire adult population of some wide‐ranging species may never be present and capable of being sampled in the same time and place. We explore equations to indirectly estimate ASRs and annual abundance estimates from annual surveys of BSRs. We sampled Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) from 2013 through 2019 and implanted acoustic transmitters during those sampling periods. The BSRs calculated during capture from 2015 through 2019 were 0.65, 0.75, 0.69, 0.75, and 0.64 each year. Relying on telemetry detections from the lowest potential spawning region, the expected BSRs in the same years were 0.64, 0.74, 0.67, 0.69, and 0.60, suggesting telemetry is a reliable and passive way to estimate BSR. The BSRs were used to indirectly estimate ASR to be approximately 0.51 (95% confidence limits of 0.43–0.58). Estimates of annual abundance derived through sex ratios matched previously published mark–recapture estimates of the same breeding population, but provide additional detail on abundances of each sex. For populations where BSR is more accessible, ASR and abundance estimates can be estimated with capture data and acoustic telemetry.