bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping Literature Through Quantitative Instruments. The Case of Current Romanian Literary Studies
Authors: Gârdan Daiana , Modoc Emanuel
Published: July 2020

Following a two-pronged line of argumentation, our article seeks to analyze and evaluate the current state of quantitative approaches applied to Romanian literature within the context and framework of one of the most prominent emergent fields of literary studies: quantitative formalism. Thus, on the one hand, the paper will attempt to present the most well-known lexicographic instruments currently used in quantitative studies in Romania (The Chronological Dictionary of the Romanian Novel from its Origins to 1989, The Chronological Dictionary of Translated Novels in Romania from its Origins to 1989, and The Bibliography of the Relations between Romanian Literature and Foreign Literatures in Periodicals 1919–1944), and, on the other, to employ the emerging methods that make use of these instruments, alongside their inherent limitations and the pragmatic issues that concern them) as a starting point for a debate on the current state of theoretical and critical approaches to the study of literature in the Romanian academic field. A selective and detailed application of the quantitative methodologies in question, as they are theorized by scholars such as Franco Moretti (“distant reading”) or Matthew L. Jockers (“macroanalysis”) will be another focal point of our paper, as it will seek to further illustrate the manner in which a meta-reflection on the approach itself can encourage the further development of quantitative methods in the study of Romanian literature.
Writing of Contemporary National Literary History in Finland and Hungary – a Comparative Approach
Authors: Balázs Renáta
Published: July 2020

The discourse on the writing of national literary histories is still in progress due to the postcolonial and transnational turn. In the frameworks of these literary theories, the meaning of national has been reshaped by focusing on the territorial, ethnic and language borders of contemporary literature. The theory of literary history writing had to face the issues of defining the phenomenon of migrant, emigrant and minority literature. A new Hungarian book titled Kik vagytok ti? Kötelező magyar irodalom – Újraélesztő könyv (Who Are You? Compulsory Hungarian Literature – A Revitalizing Book) (2019), also evoked a debate concerning the theoretical issues of Hungarian literary history writing. In this debate, not only the author and his critics confronted but also the critics with one another. By analysing the critiques and the author’s answers, the fundamental questions of the national literary history writing can be identified. With this metadiscursive approach, I aim to present the current state of Hungarian national literary history writing focusing on the minority and emigrant literature. I will compare the questions generated by the migrant literature in Finland to the issues emerging in the debate about Hungarian literature. This comparative and metadiscursive approach helps to understand the shaping process of the national literature in the dynamics of canonizations and marginalisation.
What Will Help the Teacher to Prepare Students in Successfully Solving PISA Assignments
Authors: Usova S.
Published: July 2020

Modern life sets its priorities: not a simple knowledge of facts, not skills as such, but the ability to use what is acquired; not the amount of information, but the ability to get it and model; not consumerism, but creation and cooperation. Possession of these competencies by fifteen-year-old students is assessed in the international PISA study.

To solve one of the key tasks of the national project "Education" - by 2024 to enter the TOP-10 countries in the quality of general education, it is important to answer the question: What should a teacher know and be able to prepare students for successful solution of PISA tasks?

The article discusses the main approaches to assessing the functional literacy of students in the framework of the international PISA study, reveals the features and key characteristics of the competencies of each of the main areas of the PISA study. Methodological approaches to prepare students for solving PISA tasks in the classroom and extracurricular activities are given.

The author focuses teachers on the necessary to master of certain professional competencies.
Dynastic Model of Power Transit in States with Emerging Political Institutions on the Example of Post-Soviet Countries
Authors: Pritchin S.
Published: July 2020

In the complex of political relations between society and power, one of the most vulnerable aspects is the transit or succession of power. An even more serious challenge to political stability is the change of the head of state for countries with unstable political institutions due to short history of independence, as a result of the lack of traditions and mechanisms for changing power, and the lack of stable institutions for the protection of private property. In such circumstances, the ruling class of these countries is looking for such scenarios of power transit that would ensure political and economic stability and continuity, as well as guarantee security and property rights for the outgoing heads of state and their entourage. The optimal scenario in this case is a successor scenario with the coming of power of the candidate chosen by the outgoing head, who would guarantee the fulfillment of these conditions. But in the newly independent States, which include the former republics of the USSR, with an extreme level of sacralization and absolutization of power, its transfer even to a trusted person carries risks for the ruling circles. As a result, the dynastic scenario of the transfer of Supreme power in the state as a rule to the son of the head is chosen as the solution, which allows solving all the key tasks for transit. This scenario was implemented in 2003 in Azerbaijan. The purpose of the research is to identify the reasons for choosing such a mechanism of power transfer based on a systematic and comparative analysis of existing precedents for implementing the dynastic scenario of power transit in the post-Soviet space. Practical work with the analysis of the causes and mechanisms of power transfer within the family will reveal the impact of this mechanism on the development of political institutions in the selected countries.
Political technologies of persuasive communication (on the example of cinema and social networks)
Authors: Sakulin Sergey
Published: July 2020

Informatization and digitalization of society lead to the emergence of new political technologies of persuasive communication. Impact technologies are regularly improved and do not stop working even when a person is resting. The author pays special attention to the study of cinema and social networks as the main tools of persuasive communication. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern political technologies of persuasive communication using the example of the film industry and social networks, and develop protective measures against manipulative and destructive influence. The main research method is a comparative political science approach. In addition, the Case Study method is used. The author is convinced that media technology allows you to participate in the communication process, rather than remain a passive recipient of information. In the course of studying the problem, it was established that the Internet is socializing when the use of communication platforms allows you to influence social and political processes. The work offers a new look at the political manipulation of mass consciousness during the organization of leisure, which provides an opportunity to take a fresh look at the already existing theoretical positions in the field of persuasive communication. From a practical point of view, a scientific article can be applied in the implementation of projects involving an information and communication impact on the consciousness of the recipient or the mass consciousness. The study of political technologies of persuasive communication is interdisciplinary in nature and deserves attention from political scientists, sociologists, psychologists and educators.
Patricia Akhimie and Bernadette Andrea, eds. Travel and Travail: Early Modern Women, English Drama, and the Wider World. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019. Early Modern Cultural Studies. Pp. 384.
Authors: Hollis Gavin
Published: July 2020

This review considers Travel and Travail: Early Modern Women, English Drama, and the Wider World.
Catherine A. Henze. Robert Armin and Shakespeare’s Performed Songs. New York: Routledge, 2017. Pp. xi, 204.
Authors: Sheriko Nicole
Published: July 2020

This review considers Robert Armin and Shakespeare’s Performed Songs.
Spanning Tests for Assets with Option-Like Payoffs: The Case of Hedge Funds
Authors: Karehnke Paul , de Roon Frans
Published: July 2020

We draw on the skewness literature to propose regression-based performance evaluation tests designed for investments with option-like returns. These tests deliver conclusions valid for all risk-averse mean-variance-skewness investors and can better account for nonlinearities in returns than option-based factor models. Applied to mutual and hedge funds, our tests usually suggest selecting different funds than standard tests and find that a significant fraction (11%) of hedge funds adds value to investors, whereas this is an insignificant 4% for mutual funds. We also analyze the economic significance of these option-like returns and their out-of-sample persistence.

This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.
Uma correspondência entre fonemas e conjuntos de letras
Authors: Pombo Junior Dinamérico Pereira
Published: July 2020

A relação ideal entre fonemas e letras de uma determinada língua seria aquela pela qual cada letra correspondesse a um e apenas um fonema e cada fonema correspondesse a uma e apenas uma letra, o que, entretanto, está longe de refletir a realidade. Apesar disso mostraremos neste trabalho que, sob certas circunstâncias, é possível usar a noção básica e fundamental de relação de equivalência para exibir correspondências bijetoras entre o conjunto dos fonemas de uma língua e certos conjuntos constituídos por conjuntos de letras da mesma língua.
Aprendendo sobre Fibonacci desde cedo: Atividades para o Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Faria Cristiane Oliveira , Fundo Ana Carolina Almeida , Gonçalves Ruth Isabela Barbosa , Lima Gabriel Gonzaga , Da Silva Vanessa Barreto , De Souza Vitor Bueno Entringe
Published: July 2020

O artigo traz sugestões de abordagens da Sequência de Fibonacci em forma de atividades em sala de aula utilizando materiais concretos para professores de Matemática do Ensino Fundamental II. O objetivo destas atividades é apresentar o tema de uma maneira expositiva, divertida e curiosa, e assim, aguçar o interesse do alunado pela Matemática. Além disso, busca relacionar a Sequência de Fibonacci com conteúdos programáticos do Ensino Fundamental II, como geometria plana, raciocínio lógico, operações em diferentes conjuntos numéricos, razão e proporção. Assim, mostrando como os conteúdos matemáticos se interligam e podem ser muito mais interessantes quando estudados juntos.
Managing delirium in terminally ill patients: perspective of palliative care nurse specialists
Authors: Harris Clare , Spiller Juliet , Finucane Anne
Published: July 2020

Delirium occurs frequently at end of life. Palliative care clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) are involved in community palliative care provision. Many patients prefer being cared for at home, yet managing delirium in this setting presents unique challenges, potentially resulting in emergency hospital or hospice admission. We examined the experiences and practice of palliative care CNSs managing delirium in the community; 10 interviews were undertaken. Data were analysed using the framework approach. Challenges to delirium management in the community included limited time with patients, reliance on families and access to medications. Assessment tools were not used routinely; time limited visits and inconsistent retesting were perceived barriers. Management approaches differed depending on CNSs' previous delirium education. Strategies to prevent delirium were not used. Community delirium management presents challenges; support surrounding these could be beneficial. Routine assessment tool use and delirium prevention strategies should be included in further education and research.
Hajj health management in Indonesia
Authors: Singka Eka Jusup , Ericca Innes
Published: July 2020

[No abstract available]
Vitamin D₃ levels in the maternal serum, cord blood, and placenta of preeclamptic pregnant women
Authors: Wibowo Noroyono , Irwinda Rima , Handoko Yohanes
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is affected by oxidative stress, a free-radical produced as a by-product of endothelial damage, and antioxidant imbalance, such as vitamin D₃. This study was aimed to compare the vitamin D₃ levels in the placenta, cord blood, and maternal serum between patients with and without preeclampsia. 

METHODS This cross-sectional study included 86 patients from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Tangerang District Hospital, in which 47 had preeclampsia (13 early-onset and 16 late-onset preeclampsia cases) and 39 had no preeclampsia. The placenta, cord blood, and maternal serum were taken after labor, then were analyzed according to preeclampsia and non-preeclampsia; furthermore, the preeclampsia group was analyzed in a subgroup of early- and late-onset preeclampsia. This is analyzed with either unpaired t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, or Kruskal–Wallis test. 

RESULTS The maternal serum, cord blood, and placental tissue vitamin D₃ levels (16.30 [6.20–49.00], 11.80 [3.50–38.60], and 49.00 [22.00–411.00] ng/ml, respectively) of the preeclampsia group were similar to those of the non-preeclampsia group (13.50 [4.80– 29.20], 11.70 [1.00–28.80], and 43.40 [11.80–153.00] ng/ml, respectively) (p = 0.459, 0.964, and 0.354, respectively). However, the placental tissue vitamin D₃ levels in early-onset preeclampsia (79.00 [36.00–411.00] ng/ml) were higher than those in late-onset preeclampsia (40.00 [22.00–171.00] ng/ml) (p = 0.006). 

CONCLUSIONS The vitamin D₃ levels between patients with and without preeclampsia were similar. However, the placental tissue vitamin D₃ levels in early-onset preeclampsia were higher than those in late-onset preeclampsia, possibly because of the different pathophysiology between early- and late-onset preeclampsia.
Use of color information for structured-light 3D shape measurement of objects with shiny surfaces
Authors: Zhu Zhenmin , Yang Chao , Zhang Hailiang , Zhang Fumin , Liu Xuemei
Published: July 2020

Objects with shiny surfaces cannot be directly measured using the conventional structured-light method. To cope with this problem, in this paper, we propose a novel method for removing the saturated components in an image. First, the specular pixels in the image are identified using a highlight extraction algorithm. Then, based on the reflection component separation (RCS) theory, the diffuse and specular components of these specular pixels are separated. For objects with shiny surfaces, use of the RCS approach destroys the color information of highlighted pixels with a large specular reflection component. As such, finally, the color information of the highlighted pixels is recovered using an image repair process. Experimental results indicate that 95% of the highlights in the images were eliminated. The highlight caused by the strong reflecting surface can be well suppressed. This proposed method effectively overcomes the interference of reflected light and provides a feasible solution to the problems associated with the structured-light measurement of objects with smooth surfaces.
Fast estimation method of feedback factor based on the derivative of the self-mixing signal
Authors: Kim Jin-Hyok , Kim Chol-Hyon , Kim Dong-Kuk , Ri Hyon-Song , Jo Gwan-Hyok
Published: July 2020

The self-mixing (SM) technique has been a promising optical measurement technique for a few decades. The estimation of the optical feedback factor

C

is the key to SM displacement measurement with a better resolution than half a wavelength. But this estimation is extremely complex and tricky, and thus leads to its time-consuming nature, which is one of the important causes that increases the cost and labor for the development of a self-mixing sensor. There have been many methods reported for the

C

estimation, but they are very time consuming, very sensitive to noise, or can only work in a certain feedback regime. This paper presents a novel approach to the

C

estimation, which is straightforward and can work for all feedback regimes including weak, moderate, and strong. The estimation precision of the proposed method is not only comparable to that of the data fitting technique but also much simpler.
Ultra-long light sheets via curved beam intercrossing
Authors: Neyra Enrique G. , Martínez-Matos Óscar , Vaveliuk Pablo
Published: July 2020

An approach to yield a planar light sheet with thickness below the Abbe’s diffraction limit over ultra-long propagation distances is presented. Such features emerge by an induced interference of the fields associated to the caustic branches of a cusp-type curved beam. The optical sheet width and length are dynamically tuned by just varying one parameter of the signal encoded in a spatial light modulator within a standard setup for curved beam generation. This light sheet possesses the following characteristics: a high length-to-width ratio, a width below the Abbe’s diffraction limit, reduced sidelobes, and very low spreading along the sheet length. These planar light sheets could be useful in light-sheet microscopy and applications to surface and interface physics. In addition, these sheets can be easily transformed in an optical needle having rectangular symmetry by using a two-dimensional cusp beam instead of an one-dimensional beam.
Novel Synthesis of β-Keto Cycloacetals via Organoboranes
Authors: Bhat Narayan G. , Dalu Zeina , Nieto Raymond
Published: July 2020

(Z)-1-Bromo-1-alkenylboronate esters were easily synthesized from the hydroboration of terminal
alkynes with dibromoborane dimethyl complex under nitrogen atmosphere followed by treatment with
propne-1,3-diol. These boronate esters are readily reacted with 1,3-dioxan-2-ylethyl)magnesium bromide
in ether and tetrahydrofuran at -78 ºC for 1 h. The resulting "ate" complex upon addition of sodium
methoxide in methanol undergo intramolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions to produce the
corresponding (E)-alkenylboronate esters containing (1,3-dioxan-2-ylethyl) moiety in 70-82% isolated
yields. The resulting intermediates are oxidized with sodium acetate and hydrogen peroxide to provide
the corresponding β-keto cycloacetals in good yields (68-84%).
Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Citral and its
Derivative against Microflora from Dental Plaque
Authors: Ambade S.V. , Deshpande N.M. , Kale S.S. , Ambade V.N.
Published: July 2020

Dental biofilms inhabit the oral cavity in form of dental plaque which then causes dental caries and
periodontal diseases worldwide. Lemon grass essential oil (LGEO) has been reported to exhibit
antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against. This study represents the potential of citral and derivatives
as antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent against dental microflora. Three bacterial species chiefly
responsible for biofilm formation, and five prime colonizer of dental plaque were selected to represent
dental microflora. Citral and its derivative viz. citral semicarbazone, exhibited antimicrobial and
antibiofilm activity against the selected organisms. For the first time, any citral derivative has ever
demonstrated to exhibit antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against the oral microflora. However,
study could not established citral or its derivatives as more effective, powerful and better herbal material
as compared to LGEO to control the oral microflora associated with dental plaque.
CURRENT ISSUES OF ANTI-CORRUPTION EXPERTISE OF REGULATORY DOCUMENTS
Authors: Borodina Olga
Published: July 2020

The article deals with the study of a widely used tool for preventing corruption in law- making – anti-corruption expertise of regulatory documents and draft regulatory legal acts. The paper provides an overview of the research conducted by the institution of anti-corruption expertise to shape the general scope of issues considered by scientists and practitioners.The problems arising during anti-corruption expertise are considered on the example of one of the subjects of anti-corruption expertise - prosecution agencies, and possible ways to solve them are proposed. The results of an opinion poll of procuracy officers and accredited independent experts, implemented by the author while working on the dissertation research in 2019-2020, are presented to substantiate the conclusions. Since the institution of independent anti-corruption expertise is not fully functioning in Russia at present due to gaps in legislative wording, this article, taking into account views of the both groups of experts, has attempted to offer a solution to the problems of prosecutor's anti-corruption expertise, linking them with the solution of the problems of independent anti-corruption expertise.
BAD WORD: INSULT, SLANDER, DEGRADING, IMPAIRMENT OF DIGNITY
Authors: Kushneruk Sergey
Published: July 2020

It has been recently acute to develop research methods applying to cases of insult, slander, degrading and impairment of dignity.Their peculiarity consists in different degrees and forms of linguistic manifestations, in fundamental differences regarding methodological foundations and instrumental approaches. The solution of expert tasks, as practices show, largely depends on the set of qualities of the question or questions posed to the linguist, on the communicative features and volume of the material under study, and on the scope of linguistic tools mastered by the linguist. It is noted that even for routine types of research, the specificity of regulatory grounds related to understanding the linguistic essence of events is fundamental. For the insult such grounds are connected with the possibility to establish the addressee of the utterance; for slander – parameters of a statement; for degrading and impairment of a person's dignity – the dissemination of negative information in the form of qualifying statements.
Concomitant using of topical carrageenan-kappa and oral vitamin D against 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced-oral cancer in rats: A synergism or an antagonism effects
Authors: Ali Aseel J , Al-Juboori Jamal N.A. , Al-Nimer Marwan
Published: July 2020

Objective: ?-carrageenan is a food stabilizer agent which has an antiproliferative effect, while vitamin D is a prohormone acts on the nuclear receptor and has a cytotoxic against cancer. This study aimed to show the synergistic effect of using topical ?-carrageenan and oral administration of the vitamin D on the 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral cancer. Material and Methods: fifty four male albino rats were randomly divided into seven groups: Acetone-treated served as control (Group I), vitamin D (5000UI)-treated (Group II), ?-carrageenan (1%)- treated (Group III), DMBA (0.5%)-treated (Group IV), Acetone, ?-carrageenan and DMBA were administered topically on both cheeks and palate, five times weekly for 12 weeks, while the vitamin D was  administered orally twice weekly for 12 weeks. Groups V, VI, and VII were animals treated with vitamin D, ?-carrageenan, and both vitamin D and ?-carrageenan for 8 weeks after induction of oral cancer. At the end of the study, blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture for determination of TNF-? and EGFR. Results: In the groups III and IV, serum EGFR showed significant low levels compared with Group I. In the Group VII, serum EGFR showed a significantly (p=0.014) low level compared with Group IV (614.3±69.7 pg/ml versus 882.4±45.6 pg/ml, respectively). Higher percentages of high levels of TNF-? were observed in the Groups VI and VII, while a lower percentage of EGFR was observed in the Group VI. Conclusion: both ?-carrageenan and vitamin D have antiproliferative effect against DMBA-inducing oral cancer by increasing the levels of TNF-? and suppressing the signaling pathway of EGFR. Concomitant using ?-carrageenan and vitamin D reduces the antiproliferative effect of each other. KeywordsOral cancer; 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene; Vitamin D; ?-carrageenan; Epidermal growth factor receptor; Tumor necrosis factor-?.
Comparative study of some mechanical properties of cobalt chromium and polyether ether ketone thermoplastic removable partial denture clasps: an In-vitro Study
Authors: El-Baz Rady , Fayad Mostafa , Abas Mohamed , Shoieb Ahmed , Gad Mohammed , Helal Mohamed Ahmed
Published: July 2020

Objective: was to evaluate the retentive force, fatigue resistance and deformity of clasps made from two materials cobalt chromium and poly ether et her ketone (PEEK). Material and Methods: sixteen models were fabricated, each one having lower 1st molar. Models were divided into two groups according to materials, group I (GI) for cobalt chromium (Co-Cr) and group II (GII) for PEEK. Each testing models and its clasps were mounted inside universal testing machine, the retention was measured by applying withdrawal force to it by this machine at 5 mm/min. The Fatigue resistance is measured by the reduction in retention through repeated insertion and removal cycles using robot a chewing simulator. Removal and insertion cycling of clasps was carried out for 360, 730, 1080, 1,440,2,116 and 2,880 cycles (corresponding to 3,6,9,12, 18 and 24 months of simulated clinical use of a RPD) to simulate the fatigue resistance test. Deformity was measured before and after each cycling using a digital micrometer. Statistical analysis was done by 2-way-ANOVA test to detect significance effects of each variable. Results: Retention and fatigue resistance, after 360,730, 1080, 1,440,2,116 and 2,880 cycles totally the difference between Co-Cr and PEEK groups was statistically non-significant (P = 0.0980>0.05) where (Co-Cr > PEEK). Deformation results, regardless to evaluation time, Co-Cr group recorded statistically significant higher deformation mean value than PEEK group (P = 0.008<0.05). Regardless to material group, deformation mean value changed non significantly by time (P = 0.2882> 0.05). Conclusion: PEEK clasps (1.0 mm in cross section diameter) engage 0.50 mm undercut provide sufficient retention nearly similar that of Co-Cr clasps.KeywordsFlexible clasps; Polyether ether ketone, PEEK; Thermoplastic resin; Partial denture.
Distalization of the entire maxillary arch with mini-implants in the posterior palatal alveolus- A case report
Authors: Felicita A.Sumathi , Ravi Senthoor
Published: July 2020

A 22 year old male patient reported to the hospital with a chief complaint of forwardly placed teeth. On examination patient had Angle’s Class I malocclusion and proclination of the anterior teeth. There were signs of frictional keratosis on the buccal mucosa. Treatment plan was to extract the third molars alone and distalize the entire maxillary arch with palatal mini-implants. 0.022 MBT brackets were bonded on the buccal aspect. 0.019” x 0.025” stainless steel wire was placed sequentially. Mini-implants were placed on the posterior alveolus on the palatal surface of maxilla. Retractive force was applied from an attachment bonded on the palatal aspect of the maxillary canine. Patient was reviewed periodically. Comparison of pre-treatment and posttreatment results revealed that the entire maxillary arch intruded and translated distally with a counterclockwise rotation of the mandible with reduction in LAFH. There was a mild reduction in inter-canine with marginal expansion in the premolar and molar region. An improvement in facial profile was noted with no sign of root resorption. Thus, the posterior alveolus may be considered as a new and appropriate site for placement of mini-implant to bring about distal movement of the entire maxillary dentition.KeywordsOrthodontic anchorage procedures; Bone screw; Palate.
Influence of root canal filling techniques on sealer penetration and gutta percha/sealer ratio: a confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis
Authors: Ermis Fatma Macit , Haznedaroğlu Faruk
Published: July 2020

Objective: The influence of four root canal filling techniques on the penetration of an endodontic sealer into dentinal tubules and the gutta percha/ sealer ratio (GP/SR) in root canals was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Material and Methods: Roots of the maxillary central incisors (n=40) were prepared with ProTaper Universal files up to file F5 and assigned to five groups: continuous wave condensation, lateral condensation, single cone, Thermafill®, and negative control group. After root canal filling with gutta-percha and AH26, along with the addition of 0.01% fluorescein, the roots were cut into 2-mm slices. Using CLSM, the specimens were transversely sectioned at 3, 6, and 10 mm from the apex. Results: Sealer penetration was deeper and more frequent at 10 mm than at the 6mm and 3mm for all obturation technique. Penetration was not significantly affected by obturation techniques except single master cone tecnique. Single cone technique demonstrated the lowest sealer penetration at all levels. However, sealer thickness was strongly dependent on obturation technique. Termafill® demostrated superior GP ratio followed by continuous wave condensation, lateral condensation and single cone. Conclusion: In conclusion, the single cone technique resulted in lower sealer penetration than the other techniques, which did not differ significantly from each other. However, sealer thickness was strongly dependent on obturation technique. Termafill® demostrated superior GP ratio followed by continuous wave condensation, lateral condensation and single cone.KeywordsObturation techniques; Dentinal tubule penetration; Gutta percha, sealer ratio; Confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Prospects of Integrating Caviaculture and Fish Farming in the Western Region of Cameroon
Authors: MIÉGOUÉ Emile , ZEBAZE Pégis Davy TAGNING , EWOUKEM Thomas EFOLE , TENDONKENG Fernand , LEMOUFOUET Jules , KOMGUEP Ronald NGANYO , PAMO et Etienne TEDONKENG
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted within three months at the University of Dschang Research and Application Farm (5°44’-5°36’ et 5°44’-5°37’ LN ; 10°06’-9°94’ et 10°06’-9°85’ LE). The main objective was to evaluate the integration perspectives of caviaculture and fishery. Specifically, the study was aimed at evaluating the production of guinea pig dungs, its bromatological composition and appreciating the nitrogen/phosphorus ratio in other to determine the adequate quantities of manure for a proper fertilization of fish ponds. Hence, 96 guinea pigs weighing averagely 390 ± 110g each were randomly distributed into two comparable lots (floor covered with litter and floor without litter) and were subjected to 8 feeds (5 grasses and 3 legumes). Each lot had 6 repetitions of 8 individuals. The animals were fed three times daily within 30 days. The dungs of guinea pigs were collected after three days between 6 and 8am during the experimental period. They were then selected and weighed using and electric balance of 0.1g sensitivity. At the end of the study, the following results were obtained: a guinea pig of 390 ± 110 g in confinement produced between 51.7 ± 0.4 to 60.5 ± 0.7g (fresh weight) of dung per day. The bromatological analysis of these dungs showed that they are made of organic material (80.0%), dry matter (94.3%), crude protein (10.7%), ash (19.9%) and nitrogen (22.7%). These results attesting the richness of these dungs helped in estimating the quantities (103.4g to 206.8g) of dung/day/100m2 for the breeding of 2 to 4 guinea pigs per fish pond of 100 m2 for an integrated breeding (guinea pig-fish).
Reproductive Parameters of Three Populations of Oreochromis Niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Sudano-Guinean Altitude Zone of Cameroon
Authors: Amidou Kpoumie Nsangou , Peguy Tonfack Achile , Thomas Efole Ewoukem , Linda Djikengoue Kameni Patricia , Claude Fotsa Jean , Florence Fonteh , Yacouba Manjeli
Published: July 2020

In order to contribute to the improvement of aquaculture production, reproductive parameters of three populations of Oreochromis niloticus of Cameroon were studied between March and May 2019 at the research station of Foumban. At this effect, a total of 81 parents (27 males and 51 females with respective weight 124 ± 6g and 144 ± 5​​g) coming from three hydrogeographicals origins (Niger, Sanaga and IRAD Station) were randomly distributed in triplicate in nine concrete tanks of a m² each with a sex ratio of one male for two females (1♂/2♀). Throughout the test, six females carrying eggs in the oral cavity were collected in each population and 45 days after the start of the trial, all the offspring were collected and the adults sacrificed. At the end of experiment, the IRAD population presented highest significant values (p ≤ 0.05) regardless of the performances considered. The values of the gonado-somatic and the gonado-metric characteristics significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) were obtained in Niger population (GSR = 0.04 ± 0.02, GSI = 0.05 ± 0.03 and GMR=0.19 ± 0.08;GMI= 0.24±0.07). Considering sex, males presented the lowest significant values (p ≤ 0.05) for all the characteristics studied (GSR = 0.04±0.01, GSI = 0.04±0.01 and GMR= 0.23±0.08;GMI= 0.29±0.09).
Should an Online Blogger Be Protected by the Illinois Reporter’s Privilege?
Authors: Buresh Donald L.
Published: July 2020

The question that this paper answer is whether the Illinois Reporter’s Privilege should protect an online blogger. The definitions of the terms “reporter,” “news medium,” and “source” quoted from 735 ILCS 5/8-902, followed by several examples. Second, a brief history of journalism is presented, where it is demonstrated that for hundreds of years, journalists and publishers alike engaged in their profession with little formal training, but rather with a sincere desire to convey the facts and the truth to their peers. Second, the essay outlines how Illinois and federal courts have employed the privilege in case law. In answering the question, the work examines whether WikiLeaks qualifies under the Illinois Reporter’s Privilege. The position taken is that the answer is yes. The idea is that if WikiLeaks qualifies under the privilege, then other online blogs also qualify. The opinion of the author is that the law is sufficient as it stands. There is no need to change its wording. Finally, some loose ends are discussed before reiterating the conclusion that the Illinois Reporters’ should not be changed.
Is the Onion Router a Secure Network?
Authors: Buresh Donald L.
Published: July 2020

This paper attempts to answer the question of how government agencies use The Onion Router, or Tor, in conducting investigations. The essay observes that Tor is free open-source software that can be used by anyone who desires to communicate with others in a secure manner. In surveying the literature, it is found that Tor can be employed for both legal and illegal purposes. As the major financial contributor, Tor is used by government to secure its communications. Because Tor by bad actors, and because many of the Tor relays are operated by government agencies, Tor has been successfully employed in catching unsuspecting criminals. The conclusion of this exposition is that if one wants to communicate securely with someone else, and not be visible to government agencies, Tor should not be the vehicle of choice. There are alternative modes of communication that can thwart the risk of government surveillance.
Relevance Of Bahasa Indonesia Main Materials With HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)
Authors: Rahmi Rina , Nurhalizha Iin , Nabila Nasrin
Published: July 2020

This article aims to analyze the relevance of Bahasa Indonesian subject matter revised of 2017 Integrated Thematic book for Grade IV at semester one published by the Ministry of Education and Culture (MOEC) with High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). This research was conducted because HOTS is one of the necessary skills in the 21st century so that the material of Bahasa Indonesian subject matter in the thematic teaching book must be relevant to HOTS because the teaching material is one aspect that affects the implementation of learning activities. A descriptive qualitative was applied to conduct this study. The primary data source was Thematic Books (both for teacher and student) for semester one at Grade IV of primary school. Data were analyzed using a content analysis based on Bloom's taxonomy theory because the theory makes the level of human thinking level from the lowest to the highest. The results showed 27 indicators that contain HOTS, which are five indicators in theme 1, 3 indicators in theme 2, 6 indicators in theme 3, 8 indicators in theme 4, and 5 indicators in theme 5. Bahasa Indonesian subject matter contained in the integrated Grade IV of Revision 2017 published by Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan is relevant to HOTS.
The Improving Of Higher-Order Thinking Skills As Information Filter For Alpha Generation
Authors: Putri Weni Tria Anugrah , Umah Restu Yulia Hidayatul
Published: July 2020

This paper's aim is to describe the strategy to improve the ability to think at a higher level for children currently in primary education. Children currently in primary education are children who are in the Alpha generation. This generation is certainly different from previous generations, especially in access to information. Even children holding a device in daily life is not a strange sight. This fact needs to be examined more about the balance in the speed of obtaining information and managing it. The more accessible access to information is, the expectation is children have a good filter for news or information that is classified as reasonable and vice versa, namely information that is classified as not making sense. The ability to filter this information is not easily obtained by every child. In other words, children need a stimulus to be able to think at a high level. The goal is that when children can think at a high level, then that ability is used as a weapon to gain the ability to filter information. In this paper, the focus of discussion is a strategy that should be taught by adults around the children to be able to be wiser in managing information. This research applies a qualitative approach with a literature study. The finding is the ability for the children to think at a higher level can improve with learning through contextual problems. This contextual problem is obtained from daily activities carried out by children
El fallo Castillo: ¿una nueva línea jurisprudencial o un nuevo eslabón en la cadena del «case law» de la Corte Suprema Argentina en Derecho a la Educación?
Authors: Scioscioli Sebastián
Published: July 2020

El foco de este trabajo se centra en la sentencia de la Corte argentina sobre la discusión acerca de la constitucionalidad de la obligatoriedad de la enseñanza religiosa en horario escolar en las escuelas públicas de educación primaria. Para poner la sentencia en contexto jurisprudencial, reconstruimos el case law de la Corte en materia de educación a los efectos de dar cuenta de la existencia de una serie de precedentes relevantes en la materia y que pueden ser considerados como antecedentes que guiaron al tribunal en su actual decisión. Luego, analizamos los argumentos plasmados en el fallo en concreto, prestando especial atención a aquellos vinculados con los principios de la neutralidad religiosa y la igualdad, en tanto ambos impactaron de especial modo en las interpretaciones que los jueces asumieron respecto de la naturaleza y los alcances del derecho a la educación y de las obligaciones del Estado (tanto federal como provincial) en la materia. Concluimos que si bien el fallo constituye un paso importante hacia la exigibilidad del derecho a la educación en Argentina, la Corte Suprema debió haber puesto un mayor énfasis argumentativo a los fines de asegurar una enseñanza pública laica, conforme a una interpretación progresiva y pro persona del desarrollo normativo educativo legal, constitucional y convencional de los derechos humanos en la Argentina.
La educación en la Technoaldea: ¿Privación de la creatividad?
Authors: Valero Matas Jesús Alberto
Published: July 2020

No se puede atribuir a la tecnología el mal siglo XXI en materia creativa y educativa, y ser la causante de la muerte de creatividad analógica. Si bien el trabajo que aquí se presenta es una reflexión sobre la importancia de la creatividad, pero también, como la creatividad analógica, que se está sustituyendo y maltratada en términos educativos por una creatividad digital. Se debe tener presente, siguiendo los estudios y análisis desarrollados por científicos sociales en los años 70 de la pasada centuria la importancia de la creatividad. Como esa creatividad analógica (cognoscente y analógica) propia del ser humano se está sustituyendo por la creatividad de las maquinas o sobre las maquinas. Es decir, en la analogía las preguntas versan como crear para resolver problemas, en lo digital se preguntan a las maquinas para crear. Por lo tanto, para desarrollar la creatividad digital se necesita creatividad analógica. Aquí abordamos y analizamos este asunto.
Association of IL-33 gene rs16924159 polymorphism and recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian Azeri women
Authors: Kamrani Amir , Rahmani Seyed Ali , Mosapour Parisa , Chavoshi Reza
Published: July 2020

Background

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) referred to two or more consecutive abortions before 20th week of pregnancy. The imbalance of inflammatory factors such as interleukins (IL) can be a significant factor in the RPL. The aim of this study was to investigate association of interleukin-33 (IL-33) gene rs16924159 polymorphism and RPL in Iranian Azeri women.

Materials and methods

This case-control study consisted of 100 women with RPL as case group and 100 healthy controls with successful delivery. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples using salting out method. The fragments of the rs16924159 polymorphism were amplified by PCR and the genotyping was performed using DNA sequencing.

Results

The obtained results showed that frequency of GA genotype and G allele of rs16924159 polymorphism in the case group was significantly more than healthy controls (p = 0.033).

Conclusions

Generally, we showed that the IL-33 gene rs16924159 polymorphism may play an important role in risk of RPL in the Iranian Azeri women. However, further studies on different races and geographic areas can be useful in identification of effects of rs16924159 polymorphism on RPL.
Archaeology without antiquity
Authors: Nativ Assaf , Lucas Gavin
Published: July 2020

Antiquity—the past—has been fundamental to archaeology from the very beginnings of the discipline, and it remains the central concept around which archaeological research is developed. Over the years, however, alternative ways of doing and thinking archaeology have come forth to challenge this orientation on the past. Despite their growth in scope and sophistication, these alternatives remain at the margins of our community. In this article, the authors argue that it is in the best interests of archaeology—both as a community and as a discipline—to not brush aside these alternatives but rather to afford them serious attention.
The role of IL-1 in the regulation of copeptin in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Popovic Milica , Ebrahimi Fahim , Urwyler Sandrine Andrea , Donath Marc Yves , Christ-Crain Mirjam
Published: July 2020

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) was suggested to contribute to cardiovascular risk and type 2 diabetes in patients with metabolic syndrome. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 is able to induce AVP secretion and plays a causal role in cardiovascular mortality and type 2 diabetes. We investigated in two studies whether copeptin levels – the surrogate marker for AVP – are regulated by IL-1-mediated chronic inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome. Study A was a prospective, interventional, single-arm study (2014–2016). Study B was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (2016–2017). n = 73 (Study A) and n = 66 (Study B) adult patients with metabolic syndrome were treated with 100 mg anakinra or placebo (only in study B) twice daily for 1 day (study A) and 28 days (study B). Fasting blood samples were drawn at day 1, 7, and 28 of treatment for measurement of serum copeptin. Patients with chronic low-grade inflammation (C-reactive protein levels ≥2 mg/L) and BMI >35 kg/m2 had higher baseline copeptin levels (7.7 (IQR 4.9–11.9) vs 5.8 (IQR 3.9–9.3) pmol/L, Pinflamm = 0.009; 7.8 (IQR 5.4–11.7) vs 4.9 (IQR 3.7–9.8) pmol/L, PBMI = 0.008). Copeptin levels did not change either in the anakinra or in the placebo group and remained stable throughout the treatment (P = 0.44). Subgroup analyses did not reveal effect modifications. Therefore, we conclude that, although IL-1-mediated inflammation is associated with increased circulating copeptin levels, antagonizing IL-1 does not significantly alter copeptin levels in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Aportes de la filosofía al pensamiento crítico. ¿La educación como liberación? Una respuesta a partir de Nietzsche, Freire y Zuleta
Authors: Niño Arteaga Yesid
Published: July 2020

Este artículo presenta trazados de escritura que se pueden aprovechar para conocer la relación entre educación y libertad como desarticulación, inestabilidad, contradicción de todo acto de opresión frente al Otro. En el contexto latinoamericano esto parece inadmisible, pero se realiza, y el avance del neoliberalismo en la educación humana parece patrocinarlo. El problema radica en que no se conocen ni se enfrentan los elementos centrales de la crisis de lo humano en la actualidad educativa, el tema de la libertad parece darse como sobreentendido, lo que se aleja de su posibilidad diferencial. De allí que se busque proyectar, desde la emergencia del ensayo, apoyado en un despliegue crítico-filosófico, un análisis que relacione el pensamiento de Friedrich Nietzsche, Paulo Freire y Estanislao Zuleta, sobre los aportes de la filosofía a la educación así como al concepto de pensamiento crítico.
El sinjugar laborioso del juego: la otra mirada
Authors: Meneses Llanos Robinson , Zúñiga López Carlos Ignacio
Published: July 2020

En la investigación realizada con la comunidad indígena Misak de la zona Guambía y Quisgó en el Municipio de Silvia Cauca se abordó el juego como referente temático fundamentado en una descripción breve del estado del arte y su incidencia en las otras formas de comprender que este objeto de estudio va más allá de la conceptualización lúdica como posibilitdora de las estrategias de aprendizaje en la comunidad. La propuesta metodológica utilizada se ubicó en un enfoque cualitativo, con un diseño etnográfico que permitió hacer del estudio cultural algo diferente a uno mismo. Los hallazgos encontrados ubican el juego en la comunidad como el sin jugar laborioso, en tanto no se juega, sino que se enseña a trabajar en las labores culturales y sociales de la familia y así garantizar la preservación de sus tradiciones.
El sentido liberador del juego a través del ocio
Authors: Maldonado Martínez Gustavo Adolfo , Mendoza Negrete Jesús Erbey
Published: July 2020

Se parte de los conceptos de ocio y tiempo libre como pautas para el juego y la recreación. Se realiza un análisis de la relación entre dichos conceptos, como un ejercicio que despliega el libre juego de las facultades del individuo para que su recreación no solo tenga un propósito de reposición de fuerzas sino de recreación de sí mismo y descanso en sí mismo. A fin de destacar sus conceptos como actividades liberadoras ante el imperativo del trabajo.  Tal reflexión pone en discusión que el ocio y el juego han de complementar el trabajo de manera armoniosa y equilibrada pero no necesariamente en función del trabajo mismo. Finalmente se propone la comprensión del vínculo entre ocio y juego, posible a través de la recreación, no como un mero medio para descansar del trabajo, sino para el beneficio y realización de los seres humanos en sentido liberador.