bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ ДЕРЖАВНИХ ОРГАНІВ І СТРУКТУРНИХ ОДИНИЦЬ БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ КЛАСТЕРІВ
Authors: Микитась М.
Published: December 2019

Правильна організація зв’язків структурних одиниць кластера з державними орга-нами забезпечує передумови досягнення найбільшого внеску всіх підсистем кластера в його діяль-ність. Таким чином забезпечується додатковий синергетичний ефект, урахування якого приуправлінні, в значній мірі, сприяє підвищенню конкурентоспроможності та стійкості кластера.Роль держави в процесах формування і розвитку кластерів полягає в створенні інфраструктурита органів, призначенням яких є забезпечення сприятливих умов для ефективної діяльності клас-тера. При цьому особливої актуальності набуває задача виявлення тих структурних одиниць буді-вельного кластера, державна підтримка яких, забезпечить максимальний синергетичний ефект. Вроботі запропоновано схему, згідно з якою здійснюється обґрунтування вибору структурних оди-ниць кластера, що потребують державної підтримки. Схема передбачає багатоваріантне про-гнозування ефективності діяльності різних кластерних структур и формування бази знань, яка вподальшому стане основою інтелектуальної системи підтримки прийняття рішень щодо виборуструктурних одиниць кластера
ВПЛИВ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНИХ ТА ФІНАНСОВИХ УМОВ НА ВАРТІСТЬ БУДІВНИЦТВА ЖИТЛОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ
Authors: Менейлюк И. А.
Published: December 2019

Показані результати чисельного експерименту по визначенню закономірності змінивартості будівництва житлового комплексу від коефіцієнта суміщення робіт, кількостіробочих годин на тиждень і джерел фінансування. При пошуку і обґрунтуванні закономірностівикористана методика експериментальностатистичного моделювання. Показані характерніпідобласті факторного простору: зміна вартості від умов фінансування при різних організаційних режимах; зміна вартості від коефіцієнта поєднання робіт, кількості робочих годин натиждень при певних фінансових схемах. Зроблено висновки про характер залежності показника, що досліджується.
ІСТОРИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ РОЗВИТКУ РАЙОНІВ МІСТ КНР
Authors: Шаоцін Гао , Чинчик А. А.
Published: December 2019

Розвиток різних міст відбувається на певній історичній основі, яка є платформоющодо вибору способів, засобів та шляхів оновлення різних районів, тому актуальним завданнямє огляд історичних передумов розвитку міст КНР. У статті визначено, що головною тенденцієюрозвитку КНР є зростання рівня урбанізації, до 2020 року очікується, що 60% усього населеннябуде проживати у містах. Це створює потребу в оновленні міського житлового фонду, кількісному і якісному його зростанні. Визначено шість періодів розвитку міст КНР, проаналізовано існуючі моделі реконструкції районів міст, визначено їх переваги та недоліки. Державне регулювання економіки в КНР орієнтовано на перехід до ринкових форм господарювання призбереженні централізованого планового управління економікою, це оптимізує процес управлінняефективністю, допомагає використовувати переваги, які дає ринковий механізм розвитку,зменшуючи економічні ризики за допомогою державних заходів.
Peculiarities of the environmental creation of educational migration in Ukraine
Authors: Semiv Lyubov
Published: December 2019

The concept of educational migration and the societies in which it is created are defined; the main components and their features are outlined. The necessary statistical information is generated for the evaluation of the environment of creation of educational migration. The value of the factor of educational migration in the formation of analytical support system is discussed. The paper proves that in the era of freedom of knowledge movement on the European continent and development of "European Higher Education Area" (EHEA) and "European Research Area" (ERA) the processes of educational migration and academic mobility of Ukrainians are linked to job search. The notion of the educational migration and its five main components are described: the quantitative dimension of the potential of educational migration; quality of academic environment; motivational conditions; possibilities of cooperation between universities and industry in research; institutional condition in education. The author shows that the first component characterizes the educational and informational condition of forming of educational migration, the second - educational and scientific conditions, the third - socio-economic, socio-demographic, political conditions, the forth - innovative conditions, the fifth – institutional ones. The list of indexes for quantitative presentation of each component of the environment of educational migration is presented. The conclusion was made about the objective need to monitor the state of migration activity and the formation of system of informational and analytical support. The regional index of educational migration environment is suggested to be calculated.
The perspectives of public-private partnership implementation as the instrument of infrastructure development in Ukraine
Authors: Kravets Halyna
Published: December 2019

Infrastructure development stands out among the prime goals of an economy’s social and economic trajectory. Being a major driving force of wellbeing, economic growth strongly depends on infrastructure. An increase in capital investments in infrastructure has a comprehensive positive effect on an economy. Public-private partnership (PPP) is of particular importance for an efficient economic development strategy, especially for that of an emerging economy. Providing for sustainable economic growth is a struggle for emerging economies due to a wide spectrum of negative features they possess such as poor governance, corruption and widespread poverty. Involvement of private investment in terms of PPP leads to a decrease in government expenditures. Creating a favorable environment for PPP precedes a rapid increase in the number of private companies willing to compete for those contracts. Hectic competition expedites the establishment of the market economy, which is a reasonable conclusion to an emerging economy. Competing for a tender coerces private parties to generate as innovative approaches as possible in order to win. Maintaining a constantly increasing share of innovative activity in constructing and operating infrastructure is a viable opportunity to make a highly urbanized area gain a momentum towards more sustainable environment. Being a means of promoting green and smart technologies, PPP enables expediting integration into the global economy. Encouraging PPP facilitates globalization. Widespread utilization of PPP contracts in governmental procurement transfers risks related to construction and maintenance of infrastructure to private parties. Sustaining a creditworthy institutional and regulatory environment mitigates high sensitivity of PPP to crisis and derivative events. Ukraine is highly likely to significantly benefit from PPP. Considering Ukraine’s strong intention to integrate into the European Union, PPP may help to boost infrastructure development. It is recommended for Ukraine to follow the principle of reciprocate motivation in order to succeed in establishing an efficient mechanism of PPP development.
Methodological approaches to global value chains analysis
Authors: Maksymenko Anna
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to overview of methodological approaches to the analysis of the global value chains. Value chain is a full range of activities which is done by firm or employees in order to bring a product from its conception to its end use. This also includes activities such as design, production, marketing, distribution and support to the final consumer. Global value chains (GVC) involve different type of firm from different countries in such activities. The paper emphasizes that this research topic is interdisciplinary. Topics in GVC literature include variety of aspects: impact of globalization on employment, horizontal and vertical links between enterprises in the chain, governance structure of organizing international production networks, supply and income distribution, spread of innovation and technology, firms’ upgrading etc. Generally, A. Morrison, C. Pietrobelli and R. Rabellotti have identified two different “schools” or approaches within the broad GVC literature: the internationalist approach and the industrialist approach. Typology of global value chains is quite developed topic. Such types as market type, modular type, relational type, captive type, hierarchy type of governance have been distinguished and described by foreign researches. Elements of modernization processes of the value chain have been highlighted. Approaches to upgrading of value added production can be considered as upgrading of products (and packaging), upgrading of processes, functional upgrading, inter-sectoral upgrading. Also concept of upgrading can relate to upgrading of value chain-network structure and upgrading of governance structures. The topic of barriers for integration in global value chains for developing countries is crucial. There are several factors affecting developing country competitiveness in GVCs: productive capacity, infrastructure and service, business environment, trade and investment policy, industry institutionalization. The main conclusions emerging from analytical overview presented in this article are that various approaches to GVCs analysis exist and that the choice of particular approach should be based on specific research topic which is investigated as well as data sources (e.g. firms’ business record, input-output tables, interviews with enterprises, business association, government officers etc).
Tools to stimulate the creation of amalgamated territorial communities based on the cities of oblast significance
Authors: Shchehlyuk Svitlana
Published: December 2019

Existing instruments to stimulate the creation of urban ATCs on the basis of the cities of oblast significance are examined, including financial subventions for infrastructure development, intermunicipal cooperation, voluntary consolidation of territorial communities with the cities of oblast significance, public-private partnership. Major incentives to use intermunicipal cooperation and advantages of consolidation of territorial communities with the cities of oblast significance are defined based on the list of cooperation agreements concluded between the cities of oblast significance. The fact that financial and staff resources are the major additional resources obtained from consolidation with COS for a rural community and spatial and infrastructural – for a city is verified. Substantial increase of the area for an urban ATC contributes to activation of entrepreneurship and investment capacity of cities and improvement of spatial planning in the perspective, leading to post-industrial agglomeration, strengthening of spatial and institutional cohesion of population, etc. Despite the positive aspects of forming of ATCs on the basis of the cities of oblast significance, some problems faced in rushed consolidation are outlined, namely the non-compliance with the criteria of the methodics of ATCs forming, shown in deformation of location of the community center and incompact configuration, which should be considered and compensated at this stage of decentralization. Small towns with adjoined communities of suburban area prevail among the cities of oblast significance due to the fact that they prevail among other urban settlements (82 small towns of oblast significance) and due to substantial growth of financial resource, which requires new areas for investment and infrastructural projects and creation of new jobs. Main incentives and obstacles for further successful consolidation of rural and town territorial communities with the cities of oblast significance are defined. Recommendations for further development of cities of oblast significance in the context of three groups of the cities of oblast significance existing at current decentralization stage are suggested and perspectives of organization of the communities’ economic activity in order to strengthen their financial capacity are outlined.
The development of national entrustable professional activities to inform the training and assessment of public health and preventative medicine residents
Authors: Moloughney Brent , Moore Kieran , Dagnone Damon , Strong David
Published: December 2019

Background: Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) have emerged to bridge the gap between the learning of individual competencies and competence in real world practice. EPAs capture the critical core work of a discipline integrating competencies from multiple domains. This report describes the development of a set of EPAs for specialty training in Public Health and Preventive Medicine (PHPM) in Canada.Methods: The PHPM EPAs were developed using multiple existing sources. A combination of workshops and a national online survey was used to consult with PHPM program directors, the national specialty committee, and competency-based education experts.Results: A national survey of PHPM program directors had a 71% response rate with 80% or more of respondents agreeing with all of the 20 EPA titles and all but one of their descriptions. Competency developmental stage-specific milestones were identified for each EPA.Conclusion: The identification of the EPAs and their milestones will increase emphasis on the demonstrated performance of the specialty's core work.  Simulations applicable to several EPAs have been developed. The EPAs have also been incorporated into a PHPM National Review Course and will be used to develop a national PHPM curriculum, as well as a national written practice examination.
Engaging residents to choose wisely: Resident Doctors of Canada resource stewardship recommendations
Authors: Hall Justin , Mirza Reza , Quinlan James , Chong Evan , Born Karen , Wong Brian , Hillis Christopher
Published: December 2019

Background: Resident doctors are integral to healthcare delivery in Canada. Engaging residents in resource stewardship is important for professional development, but also as they are drivers of healthcare resource use. To date, no national resident-specific resource stewardship guideline has been developed. Resident Doctors of Canada (RDoC) in collaboration with Choosing Wisely Canada (CWC) sought to develop an evidence-informed, consensus-based list of five recommendations to promote resource stewardship.                  Methods: RDoC convened a taskforce with diverse geographic and specialty representation to develop candidate recommendations targeting resident resource stewardship behaviours using a consensus-based process, supported by a literature review. Residents across the country provided feedback on the candidate recommendations via an online questionnaire. The taskforce used this feedback to finalize the list.Results: The taskforce prepared 28 candidate recommendations for consideration. A detailed literature review and consensus process narrowed this list to 12 candidate recommendations for consultation. A total of 754 residents (754/10,068 residents = 7.5%) representing all provinces and levels of residency training reviewed and ranked the candidate recommendations. The highest-ranked recommendations comprised the final list.Conclusion: Resident doctors are willing and able to demonstrate leadership in advancing resource stewardship by the development of a national resident-specific list of Choosing Wisely Canada recommendations.
Leading the way toward a socially-accountable medical education system
Authors: Hall Justin , Mirza Reza , Gill Pavandeep
Published: December 2019

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Medical students’ challenges and suggestions regarding research training: a synthesis of comments from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Riva John J. , Elsharawi Radwa , Daza Julian , Toma Augustin , Whyte Robert , Agarwal Gina , Busse Jason W.
Published: December 2019

Background: We previously reported on a cross-sectional study of students from the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine at McMaster University that found most respondents wanted more opportunities to participate in research. Students provided additional comments that we synthesized to enrich the findings of our quantitative analysis.  

Methods: From our previously administered 13-item, online questionnaire, run across three campuses in Ontario, Canada, 498 of 618 medical students completed our survey and 360 (72%) provided optional written comments, which we synthesized using thematic analysis in this current study. 

Results: Major themes that emerged were: (1) Active student participation to identify research opportunities and interested mentors are needed; (2) Types of research involvement; (3) Uncertainty whether research training translates into useable skills; (4) Desire for a formalized research curriculum and centralization of research opportunities across campuses. 

Conclusion: Programs should stress to interested students the importance of actively looking for research opportunities and consider both large and small-group educational sessions.
Building successful and sustainable academic health science partnerships: exploring perspectives of hospital leaders
Authors: DeBoer Sarah , Dockx Jamie , Lam Christopher , Shah Shabdit , Young Gillian , Quesnel Martine , Ng Stella , Mori Brenda
Published: December 2019

Background: Clinical work-based internships form a key component of health professions education. Integral to these internships, academic health science partnerships (AHSPs) exist between universities and teaching hospitals. Our qualitative descriptive study explored the perspectives of hospital leadership on AHSPs: what they are composed of, and the facilitators and barriers to establishing and sustaining these partnerships.     Methods: Fifteen individuals in a variety of hospital leadership positions were purposively sampled to participate in face-to-face interviews, after which a thematic analysis was conducted.Results: Participants reported that healthcare and hospital infrastructure shapes and constrains the implementation of clinical education. The strength of the hospitals’ relationship with the medical profession facilitated the partnership, however other health professions’ partnerships were viewed less favourably. Participants emphasized the value of hospital leaders prioritizing education. Further, our findings highlighted that communication, collaboration, and involvement are considered as both facilitators and barriers to active engagement. Lastly, opportunities stemming from the partnership were identified as research, current best practice, improved patient care, and career development.Conclusion: Our study found that AHSPs involve the drive of the university and hospitals to gain valued capital, or opportunities. Reciprocal communication, collaboration, and involvement are modifiable components that are integral to optimizing AHSPs.
Career choices matter: educating medical students on a diversity of practice settings
Authors: Sequeira Nicholas , Jung Flora
Published: December 2019

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Level of Patency for a One Year Period of Infra-inguinal Arterial Bypass in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Nugroho Nyityasmono Tri , Suhartono Raden
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is the most common macroangiopathic complication in type II diabetes mellitus, arising from inadequate blood sugar control. In the presence of PAD, the risk of limb loss will also increase, and arterial bypass is one method to reduce the risk of amputation. In Indonesia, the level of patency for the arterial bypass has not yet been published. On bypass with venous grafts, the patency rates at the location of infrapopliteal reach at 70-80%, while the prosthetic graft is 30-50%.

Method: From 2009 to 2012, patients with arterial bypasses were analyzed. The level of patency was described by ultrasound examination and pulsation on clinical examination in the distal anastomosis, reduced pain, and other examinations that support adequate revascularization. Identification of risk factors that affect patency, particularly protective risk factors, were also taken into account.

Results: From 2009 to 2012, 29 patients with infra-inguinal arterial bypass were collected. The ratio of men to women was 5:1, with a one-year patency rate of 88% in men, and 75% in women, for an overall of 86.2%. The irreversible risk factor affecting patency was male (p = 0.117). Modifiable risk factors that decreasing patency level were smoking (p = 0.042) and more advanced stage of PAD (p = 0.067). Smoking cessation (p = 0.041) and the use of drugs after bypass procedure (p = 0.072) were known to increase the level of patency.

Conclusion: The one-year patency rate for infra-inguinal artery bypass was 37-89%. Smoking cessation was known to increase the level of patency.

Keywords: patency level, arterial bypass, infra-inguinal, peripheral arterial disease, diabetes
Etnobotani Meniran Hijau (Phyllanthus ninuri L) Sebagai Potensi Obat Kayap Ular (Herpes Zoster) dalam Tradisi Suku Dayak Ngaju
Authors: Ervina Maharani Nida , Mulyono Yatin
Published: December 2019

Tujan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan botani tanaman meniran hijau (Phyllanthus ninuri L), mengetahui kandungan fitokimia dan khasiatnya dalam tradisi pengobatan penyakit herpes zozter oleh masyarakat suku Dayak Ngaju Kalimantan Tengah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksploratif dengan wawancara dan observasi. Wawancara dilakukan secara terstruktur dan semi terstruktur yang disertai dengan keterlibatan aktif peneliti dalam kegiatan masyarakat setempat / parcipatory ethnobotanica apraisa (PEA). Data tradisi pengobatan suku Dayak Ngaju dan kandungan fitokimia dianalisis deskriptif kualitatif, dan pengaruhnya terhadap kulit dengan membandingkan dengan referensi. Teknik keabsahan data dengan triangulasi / konfirmabilitas, dimana data diambil lebih dari 3 subjek informasi kunci dan non kunci yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun meniran hijau dibuat ramuan dicampurkan dengan kasai tai handalai (kotoran cacing tanah) dipercaya mampu menyembuhkan penyakit kulit kayap ular (herpes zoster) dengan metode penggunaan sebagai obat luar serupa salep. Terdapat beberapa perlakuan khas menurut tradisi setempat, yaitu (1) pembuatan ramuan harus dilaksanakan menjelang senja, (2) ada doa tertentu saat pengobatan, (3) pengobatan selama 3 hari berturut-turut dan harus dimulai dari hari jumat, (4) pasien diharuskan membawa jarum. Kandungan ekstrak meniran hijau memiliki kontribusi besar dalam campuran racikan kasai tai handalai. Antrakuinon yang terkandung pada ekstrak meniran membantu merangsang meningkatnya imunitas tubuh dengan mendorong limfosit T aktif bekerja, zat quercetin  berperan sebagai anti-inflamasi, dan kandungan alkaloid pada meniran berperan sebagai anti-nociceptive. Kotoran cacing mengandung mineral berupa Zinc (Zn) yang juga memiliki peran besar dalam penyembuhan herpes zoster serta menutrisi kulit.
Karakterisasi Struktur Material Pasir Bongkahan Galian Golongan C Dengan Menggunakan X-Ray Difraction (X-RD) Di Kota Palangkaraya
Authors: Hakim Luqman , Dirgantara Made , Nawir Muhammad
Published: December 2019

Telah dilakukan Karakterisasi Struktur Material Pasir Bongkahan Galian Golongan C Dengan Menggunakan X-Ray Difraction (X-RD). Karakterisasi fisis material menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) bertujuan mengetahui komposisi mineral dengan melihat intensitas pada sudut 2θ yang karakteristik untuk setiap senyawa. X-RD yang digunakan adalah model Rigaku Miniflex 600 Benchop X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) (F.F tube 40kV, 15 mA) dengan detector Scintillation counter (Kβ filter) dilakukan dari 2 teta 10o – 80o. Analisis XRD dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi High Score PlusVersi 3.0e. Objek penelitian ini adalah pasir bongkahan dengan variasi perbedaaan warna, yaitu .  yaitu kecoklatan, hitam dan hitam pekat. Bongkahan pasir berasal dari galian golongan C di kota Palangka Raya yang diambil dari lokasi penambangan Jalan Tjilik Riwut km.18 dan Lokasi Penambangan Kelampangan.  Untuk mengetahui kandungan mineral dalam suatu bahan tambang digunakan peralatan X-RD. Penggunaan X-RD cukup tepat karena X-RD bisa memberikan informasi mengenai struktur material dan nilai sudut kristalnya. X-RD bekerja berdasarkan difraksi sinar X yang dihamburkan oleh sudut kristal material yang dianalisa. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan informasi mengenai kandungan material dan nilai sudut kristal yang terukur. Dengan adanya informasi struktur material diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai informasi awal untuk penerapan dibidang kajian lainnya
DEVELOPMENT OF ACADEMIC MOBILITY FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Patrusheva I. V , Volina V. Yu
Published: December 2019

The article addresses the problem of academic mobility of students with disabilities in the system of higher education. It describes theoretical approaches to defining the concept and the essence of academic mobility from the point of view of relocating students and professors to other universities to achieve educational goals and in the context of special needs that students may have. Based on the content of the official sites of leading Russian and foreign universities, the organizational and pedagogical conditions for the development of academic mobility were analyzed. Such conditions include informational support, availability of personnel, regulatory and organizational support, psychological and pedagogical assistance. The study arrived at the conclusion that it is necessary to theoretically justify the academic mobility model for university students with disabilities, based on the principles of accessibility and universal design. The system of higher education should provide the opportunity to include all students, including those with special educational needs, in various forms of academic mobility. In the process of obtaining higher education, it is important to create conditions for the development of students’ readiness for change, flexibility, the realization of personal and professional activity.
FORMATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
Authors: Fedotova M. G , Vozgova Z. V
Published: December 2019

The article covers the relevant scientific research competence of a foreign language teacher in modern conditions, describes its structure and content. The main methods of research include analysis of scientific literature, generalization and systematization of pedagogical experience on the problem, the survey of students to determine their readiness for research activities. The purpose of the presented research is a theoretical analysis of the formation of scientific research competence of students. The result of the study is to consider formation of research activities among students, which includes three stages: preparatory, main, and final with a set of tasks for each of them. The analysis of practical research has confirmed that specifically designed training is required to prepare students for scientific research activities. The most effective ways of forming scientific research competence involve different types of tasks, but the basics of the analysis are composed of specific methodological cases at a foreign language lesson. It can be stated that the formation of scientific research competence consists of a number of stages ensuring the formation of all its components as a complex. In conclusion scientific research competence creates favorable conditions for professional competence development of a foreign language teacher, as well as it has a positive impact on the development of the cognitive field of an individual.
Bioethics Human Papillomavirus and HPV Vaccine
Authors: Davies Christine Shanahan
Published: December 2019

This paper will discuss what the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is. Ethical questions posed are “Should the HPV (Human Papillomavirus) vaccine be required? If yes at what age and should it be required for both boys and girls? During the paper another ethical question that will be discussed is, “On what basis should parents be permitted to refuse and be exempt from the mandate”? An analysis of the Human papillomavirus will explain what is HPV, how it is passed between people, any symptoms that could occur, and information about treatment, vaccines, and prevention. The role and responsibilities of the Family Nurse Practitioner, clinical aspects, scientific evidence, conflicts, social issues, contextual facts and stakeholders will all be discussed. In addition bioethical principles autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, non-malfeasance, and justice will be discussed that are relevant and applicable to the ethical issues associated with the Human papillomavirus and HPV vaccine.
The Future of Medicine - Biologics and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Slater Gordon
Published: December 2019

The future of medicine is in biologics and artificial intelligence AI. With the advent of advancing and disruptive technologies, many traditional therapies are being replaced by new therapies such as: stem cell therapy,joint preservation,limb saving technologies and medical robotics. In countries where first world medicine is available, there will emerge new challenges in retraining for practitioners and confusion for patients as to what are the best treatment options.

From the medical practitioners’ perspective, the challenge will be to stay up to date with the changing times and innovations. Some aspects of their practice may quickly become obsolete.As patients become more aware of symptoms of their conditions, self-diagnosis will be on the rise, and patients may often run the risk of misdiagnosing themselves, or experiencing conditions such as cyber phobia from information overload. Innovations such as Artificial Intelligence will emerge, to summarize the vast amount of information that is being published each day relevant to medical fields. Artificial Intelligence that will interact with the doctor, promoting plausible diagnoses and treatment options is already present. Embracing change will become the norm.
Growth Factors and Articular Cartilage Rejuvenation: Where are we up to with reversing OA?
Authors: Slater Gordon
Published: December 2019

Osteoarthritis has eluded a curative/disease modifying treatment despite extensive research over the last century. This is largely due to the extremely slow metabolic turnover of articular cartilage in an essentially avascular environment, along with a pro-catabolic inflammatory cascade that is induced by damage to the healthy cartilage structure. There has been promising data emerging whereby this poor chondrocyte healing process can be improved by applying autologous stem cell populations (harvested from marrow/adipose tissue) that have been programmed to undergo rapid and sustained chondrogenesis with the assistance of numerous chondrogenic growth factors. Here we aim to provide a comprehensive review article about the growth factors employed for the purpose of articular cartilage rejuvenation. Disease modifying agents incorporating chondrogenic growth factors have been extensively researched in the last 2 decades, and it has been identified that the likely chondrogenic growth factor families of most therapeutic value are the Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-B superfamily), Fibroblastic Growth Factor (FGF - specifically FGF-18) and Insulin Growth Factor (IGF) in combination with many of the aforementioned factors. There is still a need for consensus on appropriate dosing and long-term studies should be performed to assess the durability of current therapies over many years. The application of growth factor enriched stem cell populations to osteoarthritic cartilage appears to be very near to effective therapeutic use.
Is Hypericum perforatum agonist or antagonist of TRPC6 in neurons?
Authors: NAZIROĞLU Mustafa
Published: December 2019

Transient receptor potential canonical 6

(TRPC6) channel is a family of transient receptor superfamily. Hyperforin is an

active component of Hypericum species including Hypericum perforatum (HPer). In the review paper, the author summarizes the recent information between

TRPC6-induced Ca2+ entry, HPer and hyperforin to understand the

etiology of the neurological diseases and potential therapeutic strategies.

The TRPC6 in several cell types is activated by

2-Aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB), 4,5 triphosphate (IP3)  and diacylglycerol (DAG) pathways, although it

was inhibited in the cells by several non-specific antagonists including

gadolinium and lanthanum. Results of limited studies indicated that hyperforin

caused intracellular Ca2+ elevations through TRPC6 activation in

neurons and cells, although the intracellular

Ca2+ elevation results were

not confirmed by many recent studies. Release Ca2+ from internal stores instead of extracellular Ca2+

entry through activation of TRPC6 channel in neurons of brain was also

reported. The TRPC6-induced Ca2+ influx was inhibited in brain by

active components of some antioxidants.

In conclusion, the present literature

information shows that interaction between TRPC6-induced

Ca2+ entry and hyperforin in neurons and cell lines are too complex and it has not been

clarified yet.
Histopathological and biochemical responses to the oxidative stress induced by glyphosate-based herbicides in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: NUR Gökhan , DEVECİ Haci Ahmet
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to determine the effects of glyphosate, a herbicide commonly used in weed control, on aquatic life. For this purpose, 30 one-year-old rainbow trout with an average weight of 150-165 g were obtained from a local trout production station in Mazmanlı (Hatay, Turkey) and transferred to our laboratory, where they were allowed to adapt to the new environment in polyethylene tanks approximately for 7 days. Three groups each containing 10 fish were formed: a control group with no treatment, the group treated with 1.25 mg/l glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH), and the group treated with 2.5 mg/l glyphosate-based herbicide. At the end of 14 days of treatment, blood samples were taken from the caudal vein of the fish under anaesthesia, and their sera were separated. Total oxidant/antioxidant levels and paraoxonase activity were analysed in the obtained serum samples. Also, for histopathological examination, gill tissues were removed and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. After the fixation and routine tissue processing (graded alcohols, methyl benzoate and benzol processing), the tissues taken were embedded in paraffin and 5 μm serial sections were taken by microtome from the blocks to slides pre-coated with chrome alum gelatine. Histopathological changes were examined at the light microscopic level by staining the sections with haematoxylin-eosin. According to the evaluation of the biochemical parameters obtained from the groups, antioxidant capacity and paraoxonase activity decreased and oxidant level increased in the group treated with 1.25 and 2.5 mg/l glyphosate-based herbicide as compared with the control group. In thehistopathological examination of the sections, it was observed that the primary and secondary lamellae had a normal structure in the gill sections obtained from the control group. Irregular secondary lamellae and epithelial hyperplasia were observed in the gill sections obtained from the group receiving 1.25 mg/l GBH. And in the gill sections obtained from the group receiving 2.5 mg/ l GBH, swelling in chloride cells, degeneration in secondary lamellae, and areas of necrosis were detected. In conclusion, results of the study suggests that glyphosate, which is widely used in agricultural activities and has a potential to leak into aquatic ecosystems, may cause oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species formed in the rainbow trout, and may therefore has a toxic effect.
Effect of venlafaxine on hippocampal BDNF levels in depression-induced rats
Authors: DEMİRDAŞ Arif , Eren İbrahim , DEMİRİN Hilmi , AKTÜRK Onur , VURAL Hüseyin
Published: December 2019

Although antidepressant drugs have been used for approximately 60 years, very little is known about their effect mechanism. Structural abnormalities, particularly in the hippocampus, are observed in brain structures of depressed patients. The correction of these abnormalities with treatment suggests that major depressive disorders may be associated with a decrease in cellular elasticity and structural plasticity, and antidepressant treatments may provide benefits by treating these disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of venlafaxine treatment on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and BDNF levels in the hippocampus of depression-induced rats by using the chronic mild stress (CMS) model. In this study, 30 eight-week-old, Wistar albino male rats were divided into three groups. The first group received venlafaxine (20 mg/kg) with CMS, the second group a placebo with CMS, and the third group only a placebo (n = 10) for four weeks. At the end of the four week period, BDNF levels in hippocampus tissues were measured. The measurements showed that the BDNF levels of the depressed group were significantly lower than those of the control group. In our study, the hippocampal BDNF levels of the venlafaxine administered group were similar to those of the control group and significantly higher than those of the depressed group. In conclusion, these findings show that the BDNF, which has an important function in neuroplasticity, plays a role in depression pathophysiology, and venlafaxine prevents the BDNF decrease observed in depression. This latter result supports the view that depression treatment prevents the long-term complications of the disorder.
Protocol for Rapid, Accurate, Electrophysiologic, Auditory Assessment of Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Sininger Yvonne S. , Hunter Lisa L. , Roush Patricia A. , Windmill Sue , Hayes Deborah , Uhler Kristin M.
Published: December 2019

Background: Audiologists often lack confidence in results produced by current protocols for diagnosticelectrophysiologic testing of infants. This leads to repeat testing appointments and slow protocols whichextend the time needed to complete the testing and consequently delay fitting of amplification. A recentpublication (Sininger et al, 2018) has shown how new technologies can be applied to electrophysiologictesting systems to improve confidence in results and allow faster test protocols. Average test times forcomplete audiogram predictions when using new technologies and protocols were found to be just over32 minutes using auditory brainstem response (ABR) and just under 20 minutes using auditory steadystateresponse (ASSR) technology.
Purpose: The purpose of this manuscript is to provide details of expedited test protocols for infant andtoddler diagnostic electrophysiologic testing.
Summary: Several new technologies and their role in test speed and confidence are described includingCE-Chirp stimuli, automated detection of ABRs using a technique called FMP, Bayesian weighting which isan alternative to standard artifact rejection and Next-Generation ASSR with improved response detectionand chirp stimuli. The test protocol has the following features: (1) preliminary testing includes impedancemeasures and otoacoustic emissions, (2) starting test levels are based on Broad-Band CE-Chirp thresholdsin each ear, (3) ABRs or ASSRs are considered present based on automated detection rather thanon replication of responses, (4) number of test levels is minimized, (5) ASSR generally evaluates fourfrequencies in each ear simultaneously with flexibility to change all test levels independently.
Conclusions: Combining new technologies with common-sense strategies has been shown to substantiallyreduce test times for predicting audiometric thresholds in infants and toddlers (Sininger et al, 2018).Details and rationales for changing test strategies and protocols are given and case examples are used toillustrate.
The density of the bivalve Spondylus limbatus in Agua Verde-Tembabiche Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Villalejo-Fuerte Marcial , Borges Souza José , Arellano-Martínez Marcial , Tripp-Quezada Arturo , Fernández Aguirre Enmaylin , Berovides-Álvarez Vicente , Velez-Arellano Nurenskaya , Cabrera Jerez Amhed R.
Published: December 2019

This study estimated the population density of Spondylus limbatus at six fishing banks that are representative of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Each bank was identified in July 2011. There were significant differences in density between banks, and a steady north-to-south decrease in density that was fitted to a potential model. At low densities, S. limbatus showed a lower variability in size. Since the densities of S. limbatus are suitable for commercial exploitation, sustainable extraction can be performed under a population recovery approach. Also, this study represents a baseline for the evaluation and monitoring of populations of this species through time and contributes to set general guidelines for the assessment of commercial feasibility and exploitation criteria.
Anisakid nematodes prevalence in Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi gayi) commercialized in the city of Talca, Chile
Authors: Silva Alex , Rojas María Teresa , Morales Pamela , Muñoz Tamara , Machuca Álvaro
Published: December 2019

The main objective of this work was to determine the presence of anisakid larvae in fresh Chilean hake Merluccius gayi gayi coming from the coastal area near the city of Talca, Chile, commonly commercialized by a regional fish supply center located in the same city. Flesh and viscera of 214 fish were analyzed via direct observation, and the prevalence of parasitism was calculated. The results showed a prevalence of 100% and 24.3% in viscera and flesh, respectively. Morphologic characterization of 138 randomly selected larvae was performed via diaphanization technique, observing 106 larvae of Anisakis spp., 13 larvae of Pseudoterranova spp. and 19 nematodes classified as “unidentified.” All larvae here analyzed were viable based on the spontaneous movement ability of parasites. Overall, the high prevalence of fish infected with Anisakidae larvae highlights the importance of taking early intervention actions in order to prevent the occurrence of anisakidosis in the human Chilean population; particularly critical given the current culinary preference for raw fish dishes such as ceviche and sushi, which poses a public health issue.
Philosophy and Hippocratic Ethic in Ancient Greek Society: Evolution of Hospital - Sanctuaries
Authors: Bottalico Lucrezia , Charitos Ioannis Alexandros , Kolveris Nikolaos , D'Agostino Donato , Topi Skender , Ballini Andrea , Santacroce Luigi
Published: December 2019

The aim of this paper is to offer a new perspective of the Hippocratic thought and how it influenced the evolution of the medical art till now, highlighting the ethical aspects and hospital born from ancient temples and sanctuary. Ethics is defined as a set of values, principles, and rules that regulate human behavior and relate to how human actions can significantly affect not only their own lives but also the lives of others. The essence of a culture can be perceived by the philosophy and the means by which is placed against the illness and its treatment. In this sense, the medical anthropology of every age is an indicator of its culture and help us understand its basic dimensions such as life and death.
Isolation of Surveillance Pathogenic Fungal Microbial Contaminant on Mobile Phone
Authors: Amanah Amanah , Apriyanto Dadan Ramadhan , Fitriani Hikmah
Published: December 2019

AIM: Mobile phone has been used daily by almost everyone. This Research surveyed microbial contamination of mobile phones in the faculty of Medicine Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati and identify the most influential fungal microbial species.
METHODS: A group of 15 samples was analysed to identify fungal isolates. The mobile phones were swabbed firmly passing its touch screen using sterile swabs then inoculated into media for fungi. Frequency distribution of isolates was calculated.
RESULTS: There were fungal isolates as follows: Aspergillus Orchareus, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp., Candida sp., Aspergillus Fumigatus, and Mucor sp. at the rate of 19, 6, 1, 3, 2, 10, 2, 52, 2%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The research indicates that all mobile phones were considerably having microbial infection, mostly from humans’ natural flora and also from the air and soil. This determines that it is necessary to sterilize hands prior to a contact with mobile phones since it could lead into disease transmission.
Vitamin A Supplementation in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients on Acceleration of Sputum Conversion in Medan City
Authors: Sari Dina Keumala , Marpaung Alexander Parlindungan , Siagian Parluhutan , Arrasyid Nurfida Khairina
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Indonesia is in the second rank for the most TB (Tuberculosis) cases in the world after India. It is estimated that there are 1 million cases per year in Indonesia.
AIM: To find out the influence of Vitamin A supplementation in the medication of pulmonary TB on the acceleration of sputum conversion time at an intensive phase in the Working Area of Puskesmas in Medan Kota Subdistrict
METHODS: This research was Quasi Experiment method. With two groups. The samples were 30 newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients consisting of of15 patients in the treatment group and 15 patients in the control group. The statistical data were analysed with t independent test, significance 95% (p < 0.05)
RESULTS: The treatment group discovered that they were mostly 18-27 years old 40.0%, male 73.3%, mostly university students 26.7%, had BTA conversion in the second week 80.0%; and the sputum conversion time was 2.4 weeks in average. The results of the research on the control group demonstrated that they were mostly 18-27 years old 33.3%, male 80.0%, mostly university students and entrepreneurs 20.0%, had BTA conversion in the second week 80%; and the sputum conversion time was 4.1 weeks in average. Vitamin A supplementation in the medication of pulmonary TB patients had some influence on the acceleration of sputum conversion at the intensive phase (p ≤ 0.001).
CONCLUSION: We concluded that Vitamin A in the medication of pulmonary TB patients had some influence on the acceleration of sputum conversion at the intensive phase in the Medan Kota.
Modelling of Risk Factors Associated with Foodborne Disease among School-Aged Children in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Lubis Nenni Dwi Aprianti , Amelia Sri , Arrasyid Nurfida Khairina , Rozi Muhammad Fakhrur
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Foodborne disease (FBD) contributes several outbreaks worsening health quality of world population. Many risk factors associated with FBD are related to its processing, preparation, and storage as well as handling practice.
AIM: The study aimed to evaluate several proposed risk factors of foodborne disease existed among school-aged children and food-handlers in the school environment.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled 124 students consisting of 64 females and 60 males in two different public schools, 064024 and 066656, Medan, Indonesia, between April and August 2018. The bacterial and parasitological examination was carried out in Microbiology and Parasitology Department. Food-handlers were assessed their appropriateness using standardised questionnaire merit to the guidelines enacted by the Ministry of Health, Indonesia (Kepmenkes RI No.942 / Menkes / SK / VII / 2003 adapted from WHO guidelines) entitled food-handlers sanitation-hygiene requirement guidelines. Data analysis was conducted using logistic regression.
RESULTS: The study obtained that there were no food-handlers performed basic principles rules producing high-risk environment and posing a threat to children. Suspected-FBD also found in 55 or 44.4% students, and it was significantly related to several risk factors such as nail hygiene, knowledge level, nail-trimming behaviour, and hand-washing behaviour among students. Data analysis revealed modeling risk factor, Y = 23.440 + 2.003 (Nail hygiene) + 1.294 (Knowledge level) + 5.025 (Nail trimming behavior) + 7.007 (Hand-washing behavior) from logistic regression equation.
CONCLUSION: Poor hygiene and sanitation of food-handlers and children per se provide a supportive environment in producing FBDs.