bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Right-Wing Leninism in Brazil: Reflections on O Movimento Brasil Livre
Authors: Davis Stuart
Published: October 2023

Drawing on the case of O Movimento Brasil Livre (The Free Brazil Movement), or MBL, this article interrogates key assumptions about the nature of networked digital activism. The MBL, formed in the early 2010s by a Koch-funded network of libertarian student groups, utilized a combination of activist training and strategic media engagement to organize a series of mass mobilizations in 2015 against supposed corruption within the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) administration under President Dilma Rousseff. Organized through MBL Facebook pages and promoted via YouTube and television appearances by movement leaders, these protests brought millions of Brazilian citizens to the streets in a wave of protests that eventually sparked Dilma's impeachment in May 2016. Deploying the conceptual framework of right-wing Leninism, this article argues that conservative groups like the MBL are able to construct digital protest movements with revolutionary political ramifications due to their embrace of strategies originally formulated by Lenin, including the training of groups of ideologically coherent and committed cadres and the pursuit of dual power formation where the current political order is ruptured from the inside. Understanding how right-wing activists mobilize digital media is of paramount importance for both countering their influence and developing strategies for the Left.
The Socialist Project on Social Media Platforms: Anticapitalist Organization in Platform Capitalism
Authors: Mirrlees Tanner
Published: October 2023

This article is a self-reflexive case study of the Socialist Project's (SP) tactical uses of Meta's Facebook and Google's YouTube platforms. Formed in early 2003 by Leo Panitch (1945–2020), Greg Albo, Sam Gindin, Herman Rosenfeld, and others, the SP is a small Toronto-based democratic socialist organization that for nearly two decades has contributed to wider efforts to build and sustain an anticapitalist “infrastructure of dissent” and “radical imagination.” While Facebook's and YouTube's ownership structures, business models, and datafication and commodification mechanisms limit the SP's tactical uses of these platforms, the SP's agency to use these to try to make history in digital conditions not of its own choosing is significant. This article argues that the SP's tactical use of social media platforms exists between structure and agency, at the interface of top-down platform capitalist business models, mechanisms, and logics and bottom-up anticapitalist organization building, public pedagogy, and alternative media making.
Echo Chambers, or “The Will of the People”: The Case of Alimony Contesters and Antifeminist Countermovement in Turkey
Authors: Kadıoğlu Duru Su , Özdal Ceren Sözeri
Published: October 2023

This article focuses on the alimony contesters in Turkey, who are a part of the online antifeminist countermovement. The alimony contesters’ movement is significant because, even though they are small in numbers, they successfully leveraged support from pro-government media organizations and journalists in the broader context of the authoritarian media atmosphere in Turkey. The media support, and the fact that their discourse is in parallel with Turkey's authoritarian government's policies on women and gender, helped them break the walls of their echo chambers and shape the public discourse. The aim of the study is to use a three-step methodology to figure out alimony contesters’ hybrid media strategy to stimulate the public debate and influence news framing and editorial choices by building relationships with pro-government journalists and news outlets. The study demonstrates that the demands of a small group that is organized on social media and has limited followers can be presented as the public will if it receives sufficient support from politics and the media.
India's Daughter: It Is Time to Retire the Realist Rape Documentary
Authors: Sikand Nandini
Published: October 2023

This essay links the historical figure of Phoolan Devi, infamously known as the “Bandit Queen,” a vigilante and the subject of several articles, news stories, books, and a biopic, with the more recent figure of Jyoti Singh Pandey, the victim of a brutal gang rape in 2012, who similarly became the subject of news stories, films, performances, and a TV series. It examines the BBC's commissioned documentary film India's Daughter (dir. Leslee Udwin, 2015) as an example of how the aesthetics of realism can sensationalize sexual assault, engender a spectatorial complicity, and, in this case, scaffold damaging cultural narratives.
Seizing the Alterity of Futures
Authors: Cornum Lou
Published: October 2023

This article contextualizes growing interest in futurity and minoritarian futures as connected to movements in speculative fiction, particularly Afrofuturism and Indigenous futurism, and the ways in which this genre reimagines both history and futures. These developments are read through two groundbreaking anthologies—Dark Matter, a collection of speculative fiction from the African diaspora, and Walking the Clouds, a collection of Indigenous science fiction—and the social conditions of their publication. Using the work of Walter Benjamin and his writing against the notion of progress in history, the article posits the shared grounds for a philosophy of history that disrupts the singular future of speculation-driven capitalism with alternative forms of speculative imagination.
Zrima
Authors: Reicher Amir
Published: October 2023

This article is about a particular kind of settler-colonial phenomenology. It is based on almost two years of anthropological fieldwork in the West Bank, during which the author lived in an illegal Jewish outpost settlement in the Judean Desert frontier. Despite being considered the most extreme settlers, and despite being at the forefront of the colonization of the West Bank, many of the “outpost people” are no longer motivated from the nationalist-messianic ideas that pushed forward the first generation of West Bank settlers. It is by disclosing the phenomenology of the flow that one is able to understand what drives the settler-colonial practices of this new generation of postideological settlers. More than a worldview, the flow is an existential force that animates these people’s settler-colonial way of being in the world. In disclosing the flow, this article also offers an understanding of a particular settler-colonial habitus, one that invites a different way to think about habitus as conceptualized by Pierre Bourdieu, and a somewhat different understanding of settler colonialism from the one ingrained in the field by Patrick Wolfe.
Black, Quare, and Then to Where
Authors: leath jennifer susanne
Published: October 2023

In Black, Quare, and Then to Where jennifer susanne leath explores the relationship between Afrodiasporic theories of justice and Black sexual ethics through a womanist engagement with Maât the ancient Egyptian deity of justice and truth. Maât took into account the historical and cultural context of each human's life, thus encompassing nuances of politics, race, gender, and sexuality. Arguing that Maât should serve as a foundation for reconfiguring Black sexual ethics, leath applies ancient Egyptian moral codes to quare ethics of the erotic, expanding what relationships and democratic practices might look like from a contemporary Maâtian perspective. She also draws on Pan-Africanism and examines the work of Alice Walker, E. Patrick Johnson, Cheikh Anta Diop, Sylvia Wynter, Sun Ra, and others. She shows that together, these thinkers and traditions inform and expand the possibilities of Maâtian justice with respect to Black sexual experiences. As a moral force, leath contends, Maât opens new possibilities for mapping ethical frameworks to understand, redefine, and imagine justices in the United States.
Hip Contact Forces During Sprinting in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: GONÇALVES BASÍLIO A. M. , SAXBY DAVID J. , MEINDERS EVY , BARRETT ROD S. , DIAMOND LAURA E.
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Sprinting often provokes hip pain in individuals with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Asphericity of the femoral head–neck junction (cam morphology) characteristic of FAIS can increase the risk of anterior–superior acetabular cartilage damage. This study aimed to 1) compare hip contact forces (magnitude and direction) during sprinting between individuals with FAIS, asymptomatic cam morphology (CAM), and controls without cam morphology, and 2) identify the phases of sprinting with high levels of anteriorly directed hip contact forces.

Methods

Forty-six recreationally active individuals with comparable levels of physical activity were divided into three groups (FAIS, 14; CAM, 15; control, 17) based on their history of hip/groin pain, results of clinical impingement tests, and presence of cam morphology (alpha angle >55°). Three-dimensional marker trajectories, ground reaction forces, and electromyograms from 12 lower-limb muscles were recorded during 10-m overground sprinting trials. A linearly scaled electromyogram-informed neuromusculoskeletal model was used to calculate hip contact force magnitude (resultant, anterior–posterior, inferior–superior, medio-lateral) and angle (sagittal and frontal planes). Between-group comparisons were made using two-sample t-tests via statistical parametric mapping (P < 0.05).

Results

No significant differences in magnitude or direction of hip contact forces were observed between FAIS and CAM or between FAIS and control groups during any phase of the sprint cycle. The highest anteriorly directed hip contact forces were observed during the initial swing phase of the sprint cycle.

Conclusions

Hip contact forces during sprinting do not differentiate recreationally active individuals with FAIS from asymptomatic individuals with and without cam morphology. Hip loading during early swing, where peak anterior loading occurs, may be a potential mechanism for cartilage damage during sprinting-related sports in individuals with FAIS and/or asymptomatic cam morphology.
Relationships of Total and Domain-Specific Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity with All-Cause and Disease-Specific Mortality
Authors: KIKUCHI HIROYUKI , INOUE SHIGERU , AMAGASA SHIHO , KUWAHARA KEISUKE , IHIRA HIKARU , INOUE MANAMI , ISO HIROYASU , TSUGANE SHOICHIRO , SAWADA NORIE
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the relationships of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with all-cause and disease-specific mortality. We also investigated how the association between MVPA at leisure time (LT-MVPA) and health outcomes differs at different MVPA at work (WT-MVPA) levels.

Methods

The 81,601 community-dwelling Japanese persons age 50–79 yr who responded to a questionnaire in 2000–2003 were followed until 2018. Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the association of total MVPA with risks of all-cause, cancer, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory disease mortality. Then, we compared the mortality risk according to the tertile of LT-MVPA, stratified by the tertile of WT-MVPA.

Results

During the 15.1 yr of average follow-up, 16,951 deaths were identified. Even total MVPA below the recommended volume (i.e., 0.1–1.49 MET·h·d−1) was associated with 11% to 24% reductions in all-cause (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82–0.96) and heart disease mortality (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61–0.94), compared with no MVPA at all. The further reduced risks were seen in MVPA up to 10 MET·h·d−1. The inverse association between LT-MVPA and mortality risks was more evident at lower WT-MVPA, which was also inversely associated with the risks.

Conclusions

Health benefits were observed at low levels of MVPA and up to 10 MET·h·d−1, although the fine threshold for excessive MVPA was not clear. LT-MVPA had distinct health benefits especially for persons with lower WT-MVPA.
FDG PET/CT reveals bone marrow oligometastasis in laryngeal squamous carcinoma: a case report with favorable outcome
Authors: Al-Ibraheem Akram , Al-Adhami Dhuha Ali , Abdlkadir Ahmed Saad , Mohamad Issa , Ghatasheh Hamza , Qandeel Monther
Published: October 2023

Laryngeal carcinoma is the most common head and neck cancer. The vast majority of laryngeal carcinomas are of squamous-cell histologic type. Metastasis of laryngeal cancer typically occurs within the cervical lymph nodes and seldom in other regions. Although a small percentage of patients experience distant metastases, bone marrow metastasis from laryngeal cancer is among the least common metastatic sites. Previous literature has suggested that bone marrow carcinomatosis is aggressive and has a poor outcome, particularly in patients with supraglottic tumors. Ante-mortem diagnosis of this metastatic pattern has been limited. To our knowledge, this case report highlights the first documented occurrence wherein the utilization of 18-fluorine fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT imaging played a pivotal role in the early detection of bone marrow metastasis in a patient diagnosed with transglottic laryngeal cancer. A solitary metastatic distant bone marrow lesion was identified early during follow-up. As a consequence, the patient exhibited a remarkable and unforeseen favorable clinical outcome.
Washington Policy Analysts and the Propagation of Political Information
Authors: Bradley Daniel , Gokkaya Sinan , Liu Xi , Michaely Roni
Published: October 2023

Washington policy research analysts (WAs) monitor political developments and produce research to interpret the impact of these events. We find institutional clients channel more commissions to brokerages providing policy research and commission-allocating institutional clients generate superior returns on their politically sensitive trades. We find that WA policy research reports are associated with significant price and volume reactions. Finally, we find sell-side analysts with access to WA issue superior stock recommendations on politically sensitive stocks. These effects are particularly acute during periods of high political uncertainty. Overall, we uncover a unique and an important conduit through which political information filters into asset prices.

This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4919 .
Fair-Share Allocations for Agents with Arbitrary Entitlements
Authors: Babaioff Moshe , Ezra Tomer , Feige Uriel
Published: October 2023

We consider the problem of fair allocation of indivisible goods to n agents with no transfers. When agents have equal entitlements, the well-established notion of the maximin share (MMS) serves as an attractive fairness criterion for which, to qualify as fair, an allocation needs to give every agent at least a substantial fraction of the agent’s MMS. In this paper, we consider the case of arbitrary (unequal) entitlements. We explain shortcomings in previous attempts that extend the MMS to unequal entitlements. Our conceptual contribution is the introduction of a new notion of a share, the AnyPrice share (APS), that is appropriate for settings with arbitrary entitlements. Even for the equal entitlements case, this notion is new and satisfies [Formula: see text], for which the inequality is sometimes strict. We present two equivalent definitions for the APS (one as a minimization problem, the other as a maximization problem) and provide comparisons between the APS and previous notions of fairness. Our main result concerns additive valuations and arbitrary entitlements, for which we provide a polynomial-time algorithm that gives every agent at least a [Formula: see text] - fraction of the agent’s APS. This algorithm can also be viewed as providing strategies in a certain natural bidding game, and these strategies secure each agent at least a [Formula: see text] - fraction of the agent’s APS.

Funding: T. Ezra’s research is partially supported by the European Research Council Advanced [Grant 788893] AMDROMA “Algorithmic and Mechanism Design Research in Online Markets” and MIUR PRIN project ALGADIMAR “Algorithms, Games, and Digital Markets.” U. Feige’s research is supported in part by the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 1122/22].
Protecting patients through surveillance of device-related bacteraemias
Authors: Rowlands Susan
Published: October 2023

Susan Rowlands, IV Resource Team Lead, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, susan.rowlands1@nhs.net , was a Silver Award winner in the Vascular Access Nurse of the Year category of the BJN Awards 2023
All Shall Love Me and Despair!
Authors: Sameer Yadav
Published: October 2023

In Divine Holiness and Divine Action Mark Murphy seeks to establish four key claims: first, that divine holiness consists in a supreme desirability of creaturely union with God and a commensurately supreme creaturely unfittingness for that union; second, that this holiness-concept is grounded in a value-gap between God and creatures which by default motivates God to withdraw from creatures rather than love us or seek our welfare; third, that the love and concern for creaturely welfare exhibited in God’s creating and redeeming is a contingent and freely chosen override of the default stance of holiness; and fourth, that God should be thanked and emulated in virtue of exhibiting a kind of humility in overriding the demands of holiness for our sakes, though not worshipped or praised for this humility, since these latter attitudes should be reserved for necessary rather than contingent features of God. I argue that each of these four claims is mistaken, and further that it is a good thing they are mistaken, because if Murphy’s account were right the appropriate response to God would be neither worship nor thanks but rather abject despair.
‘This happened once before’: sexual violence and US Supreme Court nominees
Authors: AbiNader Millan A. , Thomas Margaret M. C. , Carolan Kelsi
Published: October 2023

Supreme Court Justices Thomas, in 1991, and Kavanaugh, in 2018, were accused of sexual violence by Anita Hill and Christine Ford, respectively, and were both later confirmed in their positions. To better understand these outcomes and the political context in which they occurred, we analysed headlines from US newspapers using a directed content analysis. We drew on Schneider and Ingram’s established social construction of target populations theory to examine how newspaper headlines characterised the relative power and valence of political figures in each year. Results identified both consistencies and shifts in social constructions across time. In 2018, there were more negative characterisations of the nominee, accuser and the President, and more negative and less powerful characterisations of the public. In both years, the Senate and political parties were characterised negatively and powerfully. These findings provide evidence that intransience in political institutions, increased negative partisanship, and weakened public power may illuminate the parallel outcomes despite changed social mores, such as the advent of the #MeToo and #TimesUp movements.
High-precision surface profilometry on a micron-groove based on dual-comb electronically controlled optical sampling
Authors: Wu Ziling , Li Ameng , Xue Rui , Hu Minglie , Song Youjian
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate an optical method for 3D profilometry of micro-nano devices with large step structures. The measurement principle is based on a dual-comb direct time-of-flight detection. An electronically controlled optical sampling (ECOPS) approach is used to improve the acquisition rate. In a proof-of-principle distance measurement experiment, the measurement precision reaches 15 nm at 4000-times averages. The method has been used to characterize the profile of a large aspect-ratio rectangular micron-groove with 10 µm width and 62.3 µm depth. By point-by-point scanning, a 3D point cloud image is obtained, and the 3D profile of the micro-structure is quantitatively reconstructed with sub-micrometer precision. The proposed high-precision, high-speed surface 3D profile measurement technology could be applied to profilometry and inspection of complex microelectronics devices in the future.
Radiation-resistant cerium co-doped erbium-doped fibers for C- and L-band amplifiers in a high-dose gamma-radiation environment
Authors: Zhai Ziwei , Halder Arindam , Negut Daniel , Sahu Jayanta K.
Published: October 2023

We experimentally demonstrate a comparative study on the radiation-resistant cerium (Ce) co-doped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) exposed to a high-dose gamma-radiation environment of 1.8 kGy/h dose rate in the C and L bands. Our results show that Ce is an effective co-dopant in the aluminosilicate EDFs for suppressing radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) of more than an order of magnitude lower than the Ce-free EDF. After exposure to a high-dose gamma-radiation of up to 10 kGy, the Ce co-doped EDF still exhibits good radiation tolerance, providing 41.6 ± 2.9 dB gain and 5 ± 0.8 dB NF from 1535-1560 nm for a −25 dBm input signal. In the L-band, we report, for the first time, the radiation-resistant EDFA with the radiation-induced gain degradation (RIGD) of 3.7 dB under 2.5 kGy irradiation and 4.4 dB under 10 kGy irradiation at 1600 nm. Also, the radiation-dependent gain coefficient and gain saturation were studied in the C and L bands. A comparison of different Ce co-doped EDFs exposed to different total gamma doses reveals the radiation impact on the amplifier performance, indicating the feasibility of using Ce co-doped EDFs for space-based optical communications, requiring robust radiation stability.
Rotational shearing interferometer and wavefront angular derivative
Authors: Strojnik Marija
Published: October 2023

A shearing interferometer finds a derivative of the wavefront along the direction of the shear parameter. While the general belief was held that the sensitivity of the RSI increases with the shear angle, we find that just the opposite is true. We examine the range of validity of the derivative function for the rotationally shearing interferometer (RSI). We find that all terms of the aberration polynomial are multiplied by the sine of the half-shear angle multiplied by the order of polynomial, l. This factor may be expanded in series for small angles, or for angles close to π and π/2. We propose steps to evaluate the errors in the determination of the magnitude of individual aberrations. We apply findings to the planet-detection problem.
O-band tunable multiwavelength Brillouin-Raman fiber laser based on a wavelength-agile Raman pump
Authors: Chen Lu , Liang Houkun , Wu Han
Published: October 2023

Multiwavelength Brillouin-Raman fiber laser (MBRFL) features broadband multiwavelength generation with flat-amplitude and high optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), which has great potential in optical fiber communication applications. Till now, the spectral regions of MBRFLs are mostly concentrated at conventional C- and L-band and the tunability of MBRFL is limited by using the Raman pump with fixed wavelength. Here, by utilizing wavelength-agile random fiber laser which can emit tunable lasing at 1.2 µm band as the Raman pump, we experimentally demonstrate the tunable MBRFL in the O-band for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. At Raman and Brillouin pump powers of 920 mW and -3 dBm, respectively, up to 90 Stokes lines with 0.13 nm wavelength spacing and >13 dB OSNR can be obtained when the Raman and Brillouin pump wavelength are set at 1231 nm and 1300 nm, respectively. Moreover, by tuning the wavelength of Brillouin pump from 1295 nm to 1330 nm, tunable MBRFL can be achieved with similar multiwavelength generation bandwidth by simultaneously tuning the Raman pump wavelength, and the number of Stokes lines are beyond 85 across the tuning range. The bandwidth of the demonstrated O-band MBRFL is also the widest wavelength span ever reported for multiwavelength Brillouin fiber lasers at 1.3 µm band. Our work indicates that the use of wavelength-agile random fiber laser as Raman pump in MBRFL can provide an effective way to extend the spectral regions of MBRFL and also improve the tunability performance of MBRFL.
1.2 W single-frequency Tm3+/Ho3+ co-doped fiber oscillator at 2050 nm
Authors: Shi Chaodu , Jiang Peiheng , Fu Shijie , Sheng Quan , Chen Lin , Shi Wei , Fu Cailing , Wang Yiping , Yao Jianquan
Published: October 2023

In this Letter, a watt-level single-frequency fiber oscillator at 2050 nm was demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowlegde, in a linear laser cavity with a piece of an un-pumped Tm3+/Ho3+ co-doped fiber serving as a saturable absorber. With delicate optimization of mode filtering effect of the dynamic gratings formed in the saturable absorber, a maximum single-frequency laser output power of 1.2 W was achieved under a total bidirectional pump power of 5.8 W at 1570 nm, and the corresponding optical efficiency is 20.7%. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest power of a single-frequency fiber oscillator at the wavelength above 2 µm.
Visualization of the optical spin Hall effect in out-of-plane refraction
Authors: Ui Lee Yeon , Weon Wu Jeong
Published: October 2023

The traditional law of refraction defines the incidence plane as the plane including the incident beam wavevector and the surface normal vector at the interface of two different optical media. The optical spin Hall effect (OSHE) refers to the spin-dependent transverse shift of the refracted beam perpendicular to the incidence plane. In this Letter, we demonstrate that OSHE in out-of-plane refraction can be detected and visualized in the far-field, even at small and normal incidence angles. The extent of spin-dependent photon spatial separation induced by anomalous refraction can be customized by manipulating the 2D additive momentum from the metasurface. Experimental visualization of the OSHE confirms the existence of a new, to the best of our knowledge, plane to describe the OSHE of the refracted beam outside the incidence plane.
High performance sensor based on phase difference induced quasi-BIC and Fermi energy
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Yan Bo , Jiang Xiangqian
Published: October 2023

We propose a dielectric corrugated structure surrounded by two monolayer graphene and find that the structure supports bound states in the continuum (BIC). By introducing a phase difference between the upper and lower surface of dielectric grating, the symmetry of the structure is broken, and the BIC turns into quasi-BIC. In addition, we find that the Fermi energy of graphene strongly affect the spectral line. By controlling phase difference and Fermi energy of graphene, the ultrahigh Q-factor can be achieved. Finally, introducing a sensing medium at the incident side, the high performance sensor is realized.
Practical quantum imaging with undetected photons
Authors: Pearce Emma , Gemmell Nathan R. , Flórez Jefferson , Ding Jiaye , Oulton Rupert F. , Clark Alex S. , Phillips Chris C.
Published: October 2023

Infrared (IR) imaging is invaluable across many scientific disciplines, from material analysis to diagnostic medicine. However, applications are often limited by detector cost, resolution and sensitivity, noise caused by the thermal IR background, and the cost, portability and tunability of infrared sources. Here, we describe a compact, portable, and low-cost system that is able to image objects at IR wavelengths without an IR source or IR detector. This imaging with undetected photons (IUP) approach uses quantum interference and correlations between entangled photon pairs to transfer image information from the IR to a wavelength which can be detected with a standard silicon camera. We also demonstrate a rapid analysis approach to acquire both phase and transmission image information. These developments provide an important step towards making IUP a commercially viable technique.
Erfolgsfaktoren und Quartierszufriedenheit in neuen Stadtquartieren – Eine geodatenbasierte Untersuchung in Düsseldorf
Authors: Naumann Lion Lukas , Nadler Michael
Published: October 2023

Die Quartiersentwicklung in deutschen Großstädten steht vor wachsenden Anforderungen an Nachhaltigkeit, Smart Cities, gemeinwohlorientierte Stadtentwicklung und den akuten Wohnraummangel. Insbesondere der Neubau neuer Stadtquartiere steht dabei im Fokus, um diesen Herausforderungen gerecht zu werden. Dieser Artikel präsentiert eine empirische Untersuchung von fünf bedeutenden Quartiersprojekten in Düsseldorf, um die Erfüllung der vorgegebenen Kriterien für Nachhaltigkeit und Stadtentwicklung zu bewerten und Auswirkungen auf die Quartierszufriedenheit der Bewohner:innen zu analysieren. Dabei wurden mittels umfangreicher Datenanalysen und einer repräsentativen Haushaltsbefragung sowohl quantifizierbare städtebauliche Merkmale der städtischen Gestaltung als auch individuelle Wahrnehmungen der betroffenen Bevölkerung analysiert, um ein umfassendes Verständnis von erfolgreichen Quartiersentwicklungen zu erlangen. Zur statistischen Einordnung und Bewertung der Quartiere sowie zur Identifizierung von Zufriedenheitsfaktoren wurde eine Hauptkomponentenregression angewendet. Sowohl in der Datenanalyse als auch in der Wahrnehmung der Haushalte schnitten die Quartiere insgesamt außerordentlich gut ab, obwohl in Bereichen wie der sozialen Durchmischung, den Gebäudedichten und -strukturen Verbesserungspotenzial identifiziert wurde. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie liefern wertvolle Erkenntnisse für Akteure in der Stadtplanung und immobilienwirtschaftlichen Projektentwicklung. Sie verdeutlichen auch, dass sowohl spezifische urbane Elemente als auch individuelle Wohnmerkmale wie z. B. Wohnungsgrößen ebenfalls maßgeblich für die Quartierszufriedenheit sind. Die Erkenntnisse ermöglichen eine Optimierung städtebaulicher Vorhaben und eine gezielte Ressourcenallokation auf wichtige städtebauliche Qualitätsmerkmale in der Quartiersentwicklung.
Infer global, predict local: Quantity-relevance trade-off in protein fitness predictions from sequence data
Authors: Posani Lorenzo , Rizzato Francesca , Monasson Rémi , Cocco Simona
Published: October 2023

Predicting the effects of mutations on protein function is an important issue in evolutionary biology and biomedical applications. Computational approaches, ranging from graphical models to deep-learning architectures, can capture the statistical properties of sequence data and predict the outcome of high-throughput mutagenesis experiments probing the fitness landscape around some wild-type protein. However, how the complexity of the models and the characteristics of the data combine to determine the predictive performance remains unclear. Here, based on a theoretical analysis of the prediction error, we propose descriptors of the sequence data, characterizing their quantity and relevance relative to the model. Our theoretical framework identifies a trade-off between these two quantities, and determines the optimal subset of data for the prediction task, showing that simple models can outperform complex ones when inferred from adequately-selected sequences. We also show how repeated subsampling of the sequence data is informative about how much epistasis in the fitness landscape is not captured by the computational model. Our approach is illustrated on several protein families, as well as on in silico solvable protein models.
Impact of COVID-19 on health-related quality of life in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nshimirimana Desire Aime , Kokonya Donald , Gitaka Jesse , Wesonga Bernard , Mativo Japheth Nzioki , Rukanikigitero Jean Marie Vianey
Published: October 2023

The World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease of 2019 as an epidemic and public health emergency of international concern on January 30th, 2020. Different factors during a pandemic can contribute to low quality of life in the general population. Quality of life is considered multidimensional and subjective and is assessed by using patient reported outcome measures. The aim and objective of this review is to assess the impact of coronavirus disease of 2019 and associated factors on the Quality of Life in the general population. This review was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A protocol was registered in the international Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database(CRD42021269897). A comprehensive electronic search in PubMed, EBSCO Host Research Databases, MEDLINE and Google scholar search engine was conducted. A total number of 1,7000,074 articles were identified from electronic search. 25 full text articles were retained for qualitative synthesis and seventeen articles for quantitative analysis. Seven main quality of life scales were used to assess the quality of life of the general population; World Health Organization Quality of Life-bref, EuroQuality of Life-Five dimensions, Short Form, European Quality of Life Survey, coronavirus disease of 2019 Quality of Life, General Health Questionnaire12 and My Life Today Questionnaire. The mean World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief was found to be 53.38% 95% confidence interval [38.50–68.27] and EuroQuality of Life-Five dimensions was 0.89 95% confidence interval [0.69–1.07]. Several factors have been linked to the Coronavirus disease of 2019 such as sociodemographic factors, peoples living with chronic diseases, confinement and financial constraints. This review confirms that the Coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic affected the quality of life of the general population worldwide. Several factors such as sociodemographic, peoples living with chronic diseases, confinement and financial constraints affected the quality of life.
Consumer-driven nutrient recycling of freshwater decapods: Linking ecological theories and application in integrated multitrophic aquaculture
Authors: Musin Gabriela , Torres María Victoria , Carvalho Débora de Azevedo
Published: October 2023

The Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE) and the Ecological Stoichiometry Theory (EST) are central and complementary in the consumer-driven recycling conceptual basis. The understanding of physiological processes of organisms is essential to explore and predict nutrient recycling behavior, and to design integrated productive systems that efficiently use the nutrient inputs through an adjusted mass balance. We fed with fish-feed three species of decapods (prawn, anomuran, crab) from different families and with aquacultural potential to explore the animal-mediated nutrient dynamic and its applicability in productive systems. We tested whether body mass, body elemental content, and feeds predict N and P excretion rates and ratios within taxa. We also verified if body content scales allometrically with body mass within taxa. Finally, we compared the nutrient excretion rates and body elemental content among taxa. N excretion rates of prawns and anomurans were negatively related to body mass, emphasizing the importance of MTE. Feed interacted with body mass to explain P excretion of anomurans and N excretion of crabs. Body C:N content positively scaled with body mass in prawns and crabs. Among taxa, prawns mineralised more N and N:P, and less P, and exhibited higher N and C body content (and lower C:N) than the other decapods. Body P and N:P content were different among all species. Body content and body mass were the main factors that explained the differences among taxa and influence the role of crustaceans as nutrient recyclers. These features should be considered to select complementary species that efficiently use feed resources. Prawns need more protein in feed and might be integrated with fish of higher N-requirements, in contrast to crabs and anomurans. Our study contributed to the background of MTE and EST through empirical data obtained from decapods and it provided insightful information to achieve more efficient aquaculture integration systems.
The effect of auditor’s cooperation with independent financial advisors on the reliability of performance commitment—Based on the moderating effect of managerial overconfidence
Authors: Lin Dongchuan , Wang Yeling , Zheng Qiqi , Li Hongyi
Published: October 2023

Based on the sample of major asset restructuring transactions of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2018, this paper uses Logit model to examine the impact of auditors ’ cooperation experience with independent financial advisors on the reliability of performance commitments, and to examine the moderating effect of management overconfidence on the relationship between the two. The results show that the cooperation experience between auditors and independent financial advisors is significantly positively correlated with the reliability of performance commitment, and the closer the cooperation experience is, the easier the performance commitment will be realized, this has played a financial intermediary team effect. Further analysis shows that in the context of management overconfidence, the positive relationship between financial intermediaries ’ cooperation experience and the reliability of performance commitment is stronger. The research results enrich the research on the influencing factors of M & A performance commitment and the economic consequences of financial intermediaries ’ cooperation, and help the transaction subjects to rationally view performance commitment and regulators to improve policies and regulations.
Putting people in context: ERP responses to bodies in natural scenes
Authors: Nudnou Ilya , Post Abigail , Saville Alyson , Balas Benjamin
Published: October 2023

The N190 is a body-sensitive ERP component that responds to images of human bodies in different poses. In natural settings, bodies vary in posture and appear within complex, cluttered environments, frequently with other people. In many studies, however, such variability is absent. How does the N190 response change when observers see images that incorporate these sources of variability? In two experiments (N = 16 each), we varied the natural appearance of upright and inverted bodies to examine how the N190 amplitude, latency, and the Body-Inversion Effect (BIE) were affected by natural variability. In Experiment 1, we varied the number of people present in upright and inverted naturalistic scenes such that only one body, a subitizable number of bodies, or a “crowd” was present. In Experiment 2, we varied the natural body appearance by presenting bodies either as silhouettes or with photographic detail. Further, we varied the natural background appearance by either removing it or presenting individual bodies within a rich environment. Using component-based analyses of the N190, we found that the number of bodies in a scene reduced the N190 amplitude, but didn’t affect the BIE (Experiment 1). Naturalistic body and background appearance (Experiment 2) also affected the N190, such that component amplitude was dramatically reduced by naturalistic appearance. To complement this analysis, we examined the contribution of spatiotemporal features (i.e., electrode × time point amplitude) via SVM decoding. This technique allows us to examine which timepoints across the entire waveform contribute the most to successful decoding of body orientation in each condition. This analysis revealed that later timepoints (after 300ms) contribute most to successful orientation decoding. These results demonstrate that natural appearance variability affects body processing at the N190 and that later ERP components may make important contributions to body processing in natural scenes.
Solvent based fractional biosynthesis, phytochemical analysis, and biological activity of silver nanoparticles obtained from the extract of Salvia moorcroftiana
Authors: Khan Maham , Khan Tariq , Wahab Shahid , Aasim Muhammad , Sherazi Tauqir A. , Zahoor Muhammad , Yun Soon-Il
Published: October 2023

Multi-drug resistant bacteria sometimes known as “superbugs” developed through overuse and misuse of antibiotics are determined to be sensitive to small concentrations of silver nanoparticles. Various methods and sources are under investigation for the safe and efficient synthesis of silver nanoparticles having effective antibacterial activity even at low concentrations. We used a medicinal plant named Salvia moorcroftiana to extract phytochemicals with antibacterial, antioxidant, and reducing properties. Three types of solvents; from polar to nonpolar, i.e., water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and hexane, were used to extract the plant as a whole and as well as in fractions. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles in all extracts (except hexane-based extract) were spherical, smaller than 20 nm, polydispersed (PDI ranging between 0.2 and 0.5), and stable with repulsive force of action (average zeta value = -18.55±1.17). The tested bacterial strains i.e., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis were found to be sensitive to even small concentrations of Ag-NPs, especially P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial effect of these Ag-NPs was associated with their ability to generate reactive oxygen species. DMSO (in fraction) could efficiently extract antibacterial phytochemicals and showed activity against MDR bacteria (inhibition zone = 11–12 mm). Thus, the antibacterial activity of fractionated DMSO extract was comparable to that of Ag-NPs because it contained phytochemicals having solid antibacterial potential. Furthermore, Ag-NPs synthesized from this extract owned superior antibacterial activity. However, whole aqueous extract-based Ag-NPs MIC was least (7–32 μg/mL) as compared to others.
Machine learning approaches for predicting Cracking Tolerance Index (CTIndex) of asphalt concrete containing reclaimed asphalt pavement
Authors: Nguyen Lan Ngoc , Le Thanh-Hai , Nguyen Linh Quy , Tran Van Quan
Published: October 2023

One of the various sorts of damage to asphalt concrete is cracking. Repeated loads, the deterioration or aging of material combinations, or structural factors can contribute to the development of cracks. Asphalt concrete’s crack resistance is represented by the CT index. 107 CT Index data samples from the University of Transport Technology’s lab are measured. These data samples are used to establish a database from which a Machine Learning (ML) model for predicting the CT Index of asphalt concrete can be built. For creating the highest performing machine learning model, three well-known machine learning methods are introduced: Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Multivariable Adaptive Regression Spines (MARS). Monte Carlo simulation is used to verify the accuracy of the ML model, which includes the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2). The RF model is the most effective ML model, according to analysis and evaluation of performance indicators. By SHAPley Additive exPlanations based on RF model, the input Aggregate content passing 4.75 mm sieve (AP4.75) has a significant effect on the variation of CT Index value. In following, the descending order is Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement content (RAP) > Bitumen content (BC) > Flash point (FP) > Softening point > Rejuvenator content (RC) > Aggregate content passing 0.075mm sieve (AP0.075) > Penetration at 25°C (P). The results study contributes to selecting a suitable AI approach to quickly and accurately determine the CT Index of asphalt concrete mixtures.
Research on differential privacy protection method based on user tendency
Authors: Hu Zhaowei
Published: October 2023

It is a new attack model to mine user’s activity rule from user’s massive data. In order to solve the privacy leakage problem caused by user tendency in current privacy preserving methods, an extended differential privacy preserving method based on user’s tendency is proposed in the paper. By constructing a Markov chain, and using the Markov decision process, it equivalently expresses user’s tendency as measurable state transition probability, which can transform qualitative descriptions of user’s tendency into a quantitative representation to achieve an accurate measurement of the user tendency. An extended (P,ε)-differential privacy protection method is proposed in the work, by introducing a privacy model parameter R, it combines the quantified user’s propensity probability with a differential privacy budget parameter, and it can dynamically add different noise amounts according to the user’s tendency, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting the user’s propensity privacy information and improve data availability. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by experiments.
Camera footage and identification testimony undermine the availability of exculpatory alibi evidence
Authors: Sauerland Melanie , Krix Alana C. , Georgiadou Katerina , Humblet Joke , Broers Nick J. , Sagana Anna
Published: October 2023

The present field experiment investigated how alibi witnesses react when confronted with camera footage or identification testimony that incriminates an innocent suspect. Under the pretext of a problem-solving study, pairs of participants (N = 109) and confederates worked on an individual task with a dividing wall obstructing their view of each other. When the mobile phone of the experimenter was missing from an adjacent room at the end of the session, all participants confirmed that the confederate had not left the room. After several days, participants returned to the lab for a second session. They were asked to confirm their corroboration, orally and in writing, after learning that the confederate either had been identified from a photograph or was present on camera footage. A control group received no evidence. In this second session, written (but not oral) alibi corroboration was weaker in the incriminating evidence conditions (47%) than the no-evidence condition (81%), as hypothesized. Unexpectedly, corroboration was equally strong in the camera and identification evidence conditions. As expected, alibi corroboration was stronger in session 1 than in session 2 for both camera (89% and 31–46%) and identification evidence conditions (86% and 31–49%). The current findings provide first evidence that camera footage and eyewitness identification testimony can bear on the availability of exculpatory alibi evidence in court and emphasize the need to document incidents of evidence contamination.