bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coordinating Inventory Control and Pricing Strategies Under Batch Ordering
Authors: Yang Yi , Chen Youhua (Frank) , Zhou Yun
Published: February 2014

In this paper we investigate joint pricing and inventory control problems in a finite-horizon, single-product, periodic-review setting with certain/uncertain supply capacities. The demands in different periods are random variables whose distributions depend on the posted price exhibiting the additive form. The order quantity in each period is required to be of integral multiples of a given specific batch size (denoted by Q). Inventory replenishment incurs a linear ordering cost. Referred to as the cost-rate function, the sum of holding and backorder costs can either be convex or quasi-convex. The objective is to determine a joint ordering and pricing decision that can maximize the total expected profit over the planning horizon.

We first consider the case in which the cost-rate function is convex and show that the modified (r, Q) list-price policy is optimal for the system with certain and limited capacities, a special case of which is the (r, Q) list-price policy when capacities become unlimited. As supply capacities become random, the optimal policy follows a new structure wherein the optimal order-up-to level and posted price must be coordinated to make the optimal safety stock level follow the (r, Q) policy. We further consider the case of a quasi-convex cost-rate function, which may arise when a service level constraint is used as a surrogate for the shortage cost. We demonstrate that the (r, Q) list-price policy is optimal for the system without supply capacity constraints. In addition, extensions to several other models are discussed. The enabling technique is based on the notion of Q-jump convexity and its variants.
Remote Sensing of Arctic Vegetation: Relations between the NDVI, Spatial Resolution and Vegetation Cover on Boothia Peninsula, Nunavut
Authors: Laidler Gita J. , Treitz Paul M. , Atkinson David M.
Published: February 2014

Arctic tundra environments are thought to be particularly sensitive to changes in climate, whereby alterations in ecosystem functioning are likely to be expressed through shifts in vegetation phenology, species composition, and net ecosystem productivity (NEP). Remote sensing has shown potential as a tool to quantify and monitor biophysical variables over space and through time. This study explores the relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and percent-vegetation cover in a tundra environment, where variations in soil moisture, exposed soil, and gravel till have significant influence on spectral response, and hence, on the characterization of vegetation communities. IKONOS multispectral data (4 m spatial resolution) and Landsat 7 ETM+ data (30 m spatial resolution) were collected for a study area in the Lord Lindsay River watershed on Boothia Peninsula, Nunavut. In conjunction with image acquisition, percent cover data were collected for twelve 100 m × 100 m study plots to determine vegetation community composition. Strong correlations were found for NDVI values calculated with surface and satellite sensors, across the sample plots. In addition, results suggest that percent cover is highly correlated with the NDVI, thereby indicating strong potential for modeling percent cover variations over the region. These percent cover variations are closely related to moisture regime, particularly in areas of high moisture (e.g., water-tracks). These results are important given that improved mapping of Arctic vegetation and associated biophysical variables is needed to monitor environmental change.
Unusual Predation Attempts of Polar Bears on Ringed Seals in the Southern Beaufort Sea: Possible Significance of Changing Spring Ice Conditions
Authors: Stirling Ian , Richardson Evan , Thiemann Gregory W. , Derocher Andrew E.
Published: February 2014

In April and May 2003 through 2006, unusually rough and rafted sea ice extended for several tens of kilometres offshore in the southeastern Beaufort Sea from about Atkinson Point to the Alaska border. Hunting success of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) seeking seals was low despite extensive searching for prey. It is unknown whether seals were less abundant in comparison to other years or less accessible because they maintained breathing holes below rafted ice rather than snowdrifts, or whether some other factor was involved. However, we found 13 sites where polar bears had clawed holes through rafted ice in attempts to capture ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in 2005 through 2006 and another site during an additional research project in 2007. Ice thickness at the 12 sites that we measured averaged 41 cm. These observations, along with cannibalized and starved polar bears found on the sea ice in the same general area in the springs of 2004 through 2006, suggest that during those years, polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea were nutritionally stressed. Searches made farther north during the same period and using the same methods produced no similar observations near Banks Island or in Amundsen Gulf. A possible underlying ecological explanation is a decadal-scale downturn in seal populations. But a more likely explanation is major changes in the sea-ice and marine environment resulting from record amounts and duration of open water in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, possibly influenced by climate warming. Because the underlying causes of observed changes in polar bear body condition and foraging behaviour are unknown, further study is warranted.
Acoustic Detections of Beluga Whales in the Northeastern Chukchi Sea, July 2007 to July 2008
Authors: Delarue Julien , Laurinolli Marjo , Martin Bruce
Published: February 2014

Beluga calls were detected during two consecutive deployments of autonomous acoustic recorders in the northeastern Chukchi Sea. During the first deployment, calls were recorded between July and October 2007, primarily near the Barrow Canyon in July and August. During the second deployment, calls were detected in November 2007 off Point Lay and again between mid-April and June 2008 in a broad area 90 – 150 km off Point Lay and Wainwright, Alaska. The summer and fall 2007 detections were consistent with movement and residency patterns identified through satellite tagging studies. In the following spring, detections were recorded by four out of five monitoring stations for 19 to 37 consecutive days (depending on the station) between 13 April and 21 June 2008. These acoustic detections provide additional information about the timing and distribution of beluga migrations in the Chukchi Sea in spring. 
Benthic Biomonitoring in Arctic Tundra Streams: A Community-Based Approach in Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Medeiros A.S. , Luszczek C.E. , Shirley J. , Quinlan R.
Published: February 2014

Recent residential, commercial, and industrial development in the catchments of several Arctic streams has heightened the need to assess these freshwater systems accurately. It was imperative to develop methods that would be both effective at judging ecological condition of tundra streams and suitable for use by local groups. An investigation of two streams influenced by urbanization in Iqaluit, Nunavut, was carried out between July and August each year in 2007 – 09. Simple summary metrics (e.g., Shannon Index) and multivariate analysis (DCA, RD A) both demonstrated biological impairment in the benthic community at site locations downstream of urbanized portions of a local stream. This impairment was characterized by a loss of diversity and a dramatic shift of the benthic community to one dominated by chironomids from the subfamily Orthocladiinae. Elevated levels of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) and several metals (Zn, Sr, Rb, Al, Co, Fe) were also found to be significantly related to benthic assemblages within these disturbed areas. This investigation also addressed taxonomic sufficiency, indicating that while family-level taxonomic identifications were sensitive enough to differentiate between pristine and impacted stream sites, a more precise taxonomic identification of the dominant benthos taxa (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae) to sub-family/tribe level identified a significant shift towards pollution-tolerant taxa. This higher taxonomic resolution will allow for the adaptation of protocols and the use of simple summary metrics to be effective for a community-based biomonitoring program in Arctic tundra streams.
Has Prey Availability for Arctic Birds Advanced with Climate Change? Hindcasting the Abundance of Tundra Arthropods Using Weather and Seasonal Variations
Authors: Tulp Ingrid , Schekkerman Hans
Published: February 2014

Of all climatic zones on earth, Arctic areas have experienced the greatest climate change in recent decades. Predicted changes, including a continuing rise in temperature and precipitation and a reduction in snow cover, are expected to have a large impact on Arctic life. Large numbers of birds breed on the Arctic tundra, and many of these, such as shorebirds and passerines, feed on arthropods. Their chicks depend on a short insect population outburst characteristic of Arctic areas. To predict the consequences of climate change for reproduction in these birds, insight into arthropod phenology is essential. We investigated weather-related and seasonal patterns in abundance of surface-active arthropods during four years in the tundra of NW Taimyr, Siberia. The resulting statistical models were used to hindcast arthropod abundance on the basis of a 33-year weather dataset collected in the same area. Daily insect abundance was correlated closely with date, temperature, and, in some years, with wind and precipitation. An additional correlation with the number of degree-days accumulated after 1 June suggests that the pool of potential arthropod recruits is depleted in the course of the summer. The amplitude of short-term, weather-induced variation was as large as that of the seasonal variation. The hindcasted dates of peak arthropod abundance advanced during the study period, occurring seven days earlier in 2003 than in 1973. The timing of the period during which birds have a reasonable probability of finding enough food to grow has changed as well, with the highest probabilities now occurring at earlier dates. At the same time, the overall length of the period with probabilities of finding enough food has remained unchanged. The result is an advancement of the optimal breeding date for breeding birds. To take advantage of the new optimal breeding time, Arctic shorebirds and passerines must advance the start of breeding, and this change could affect the entire migratory schedule. Because our analyses are based on a single site, we cannot conclude that this is a general pattern for the entire Arctic. To investigate the generality of this pattern, our approach should be applied at other sites too.
Transferring diffractive optics from research to commercial applications: Part II – size estimations for selected markets
Authors: Brunner Robert
Published: February 2014

In a series of two contributions, decisive business-related aspects of the current process status to transfer research results on diffractive optical elements (DOEs) into commercial solutions are discussed. In part I, the focus was on the patent landscape. Here, in part II, market estimations concerning DOEs for selected applications are presented, comprising classical spectroscopic gratings, security features on banknotes, DOEs for high-end applications, e.g., for the semiconductor manufacturing market and diffractive intra-ocular lenses. The derived market sizes are referred to the optical elements, itself, rather than to the enabled instruments. The estimated market volumes are mainly addressed to scientifically and technologically oriented optical engineers to serve as a rough classification of the commercial dimensions of DOEs in the different market segments and do not claim to be exhaustive.
An inverse spectral problem for a star graph of Krein strings
Authors: Eckhardt Jonathan
Published: February 2014

We solve an inverse spectral problem for a star graph of Krein strings, where the known spectral data comprises the spectrum associated with the whole graph, the spectra associated with the individual edges as well as so-called coupling matrices.
In particular, we show that these spectral quantities uniquely determine the weight within the class of Borel measures on the graph, which give rise to trace class resolvents.
Furthermore, we obtain a concise characterization of all possible spectral data for this class of weights.
Cesarean section and placental disorders in subsequent pregnancies – a meta-analysis
Authors: Klar Maximilian , Michels Karin B.
Published: February 2014

Background: Despite an increase in the number of cesarean deliveries conducted worldwide, meta-analyses on the long-term effect of cesarean section (CS) on subsequent placental disorders are sparse.

Objective: To examine the association between CS and three major types of placental disorders (placental abruption, placenta previa, and placenta accreta with its variants increta/percreta) in subsequent pregnancies.

Search strategy: We followed the MOOSE consensus statement for meta-analyses of observational studies and searched the PubMed database for observational studies published between January 1990 and July 2011 for examining the association between CS and placental disorders in subsequent pregnancies, without focusing on the effect of increasing number of CSs.

Selection criteria: We included studies which provided adjusted measures of association for multiparous singleton-pregnant women with one of the three outcomes and information about prior mode of delivery.

Data collection and analysis: Five cohort and 11 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. We combined the results of the included cohort and case-control studies as no significant heterogeneity was found across the studies.

Main results: The calculated summary odds ratio was 1.47 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.44–1.51) for placenta previa, 1.96 (95% CI: 1.41–2.74) for placenta accreta, and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.35–1.41) for placental abruption.

Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, cesarean delivery appeared as a consistently reported risk factor for all three major forms of placental disorders in subsequent pregnancies.
Application of NIR-Photopolymers in the Graphic Industry: From Physical Chemistry to Lithographic Applications
Authors: Strehmel Bernd , Ernst Steffen , Reiner Knut , Keil Dietmar , Lindauer Heike , Baumann Harald
Published: February 2014

This contribution discusses photoinitiated crosslinking of
multifunctional acrylic esters in polymeric binders based on digital
imaging using the Computer to Plate (CtP) technology applying laser
exposure at 830 nm in the near infrared (NIR). All coating
components (NIR photoinitiator system, monomers, binder, adhesion
promoter, contrast dye, and oxygen barrier material) were applied as
thin double layer film (1–2 μm dry film thickness)
on Al-plates with an anodized surface. Materials exposed exhibit
a sensitivity between 30–200 mJ/cm2 depending on the
NIR-photoinitiator composition. This was processed in a weak aqueous
alkaline bath to obtain the image. Generation of initiating radicals
occurs by electron transfer from the excited state of the
NIR-sensitizer to the radical generator; that is either an onium salt
or neutral electron deficient compound. Redox potentials were
determined for the NIR-sensitizers and the radical generator. These
data allow a rough estimate regarding the free energy of electron
transfer of the excited state of the sensitizer and radical generator
in NIR-photosensitive imaging material. Photoinduced electron transfer
plays a major function to generate initiating radicals by a sensitized
mechanism but thermal events also influence sensitivity of the
coating. Particular the non-radiative deactivation of the
NIR-sensitizer possesses a major function to release selectively the
heat. Absorption data of many NIR-sensitizers used exhibit molar
extinction coefficient of more than
200000 M
–1 cm
–1.
Characterization of Microstructural Susceptibility by Color Tint Etching in a Friction Stir Welded Trip-780 Steel
Authors: Perez-Medina G.Y. , Zambrano P. , Reyes-Valdés F.A. , López H.F.
Published: February 2014

The effect of friction stir welding (FSW) on the resultant microstructures in the welded nugget (WN), thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal (BM) of a TRIP-780 steel was investigated in this work. Color tint etching was used in the welded regions to disclose the exhibited microstructural constituents. In addition, significant fine grain size material was found in the WN regions. It was found that is considered to have experienced severe plastic deformation due to interaction with the welding tool pin lead to a drop in mechanical properties. Lap shear tensile testing indicated that the steel shear tension strength in the welded condition dropped compared with the BM. Microhardness profiles of the welded regions indicated that the hardness in both the WN and TMAZ were relatively elevated suggesting the development of martensite in these regions. In particular, the WN was found to shear fracture with uniformly distributed elongation shear dimples.
Methodology for Measurement of Residual Stress in Welded Joints by the Technique of Pulse-Echo Ultrasound
Authors: Ballesteros-Hinojosa A. , Ruíz- Mondragón J.J. , Acevedo-Dávila J. , Macias-Lopez F.
Published: February 2014

Recently they have discovered a large number of oil wells, however these are found in deeper waters. So it is necessary to develop a repair's methodology and inspection for this type of system to prove its operation. This research was focused to establish a methodology for evaluating residual stress generated from the application of solder in a subsea environment, in order to establish whether there is a relationship between residual stress and the depth of the sea. For this purpose was used underwater electrodes (UW -CS- 1) and an API 5L X65 steel to the development of underwater welds, which was welded at 10 and 15 meters depth by a diver welder on site. The measurement of residual stress is developed using non-destructive techniques, the first one was ultrasound technique (UT) which was the technique proposed by viability to being applied in site and as a second option, was applied X-ray diffraction (XRD), with the objective to validate the results obtained by ultrasound technician. The results showed a similar behavior between both non-destructive techniques. In this study was observed the tendency to increase the level of residual stress with increasing the work depth.
Effect of Minor Alloying Element on Dispersing Nano-particles in ODS Steel
Authors: Uchidi Y. , Ohnuki S. , Hashimoto N. , Suda T. , Nagai T. , Shibayama T. , Hamada K. , Akasaka N. , Yamashita S. , Ohstuka S. , Yoshitake T.
Published: February 2014

From the irradiation resistance and high-temperature strength, oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels are candidate materials for advanced and fusion reactors. For the development of advanced steels the key issue is to homogenize nano-particles into matrix. Recent studies have indicated that Ti addition can homogenize Y-Ti complex particles into ferrite matrix, but the reason of the effect of additional elements has not been clarified. In this model study, we focus on the effect of additional elements, such as IV and V families and other oxide formers, which can control potentially the distribution of the oxide particles. The materials used in this study were based on Fe-9Cr-Y2O3 alloys which were mechanical alloyed (MA) from the powder of Fe, Cr and Y2O3, which was added systematically with the element of Ti, Zr, Ta, V, Nb, Hf, Al, Si and others. Usually ODS fabrication process is required for hot extrusion, but we annealed up to 1150 C for simplify the microstructure. To evaluate the distribution of ODS particles; we used TEM equipped with EDS after electro-polishing or FIB techniques. (1) In the case of Si or Al addition, oxides were disappeared after MA process, which means Y2O3 and other elements should be in solution at non-equilibrium condition. Two types of oxides of Y2O3 and Al2O3 or SiO2 developed after the annealing at 850 C, but only complex oxides were developed after the annealing at 1150 C. This result suggests that the oxide formation is independent process for Y and Si or Al. (2) In the case of Ti addition, oxides also were disappeared after MA process, but developed after annealing at 1150 C. This means that Ti can stabilize complex oxides of Y and Ti, and enhance the fine distribution of the oxides comparing with simple Fe-9Cr-Y2O3 alloy.
A manipulacao de prematuros em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal
Authors: Pereira Fabiola Lima , Goes Fernanda dos Santos Nogueira de , Fonseca Luciana Mara Monti , Scochi Carmen Gracinda Silvan , Castral Thaila Correa , Leite Adriana Moraes
Published: February 2014

Os prematuros são submetidos a diversas manipulações e procedimentos durante internação em unidades neonatais, com consequências deletérias para a saúde. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a manipulação a que são submetidos os prematuros durante as 24 horas em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTIN). Estudo observacional, descritivo, exploratório, realizado com 20 prematuros, filmados continuamente por um período de 24 horas, de setembro de 2008 a março de 2009 numa UTIN. Os prematuros foram submetidos a uma média de 768 manipulações e 1.341 procedimentos. A manipulação durou em média 2 horas e 26 minutos em um período de 24 horas. Cada manipulação agrupou uma média de 2,2 procedimentos, a maioria no turno matutino As manipulações isoladas representaram 65,6% do total de manipulações e a maioria teve duração inferior a um minuto. Conclui-se que nas 24 horas avaliadas, os prematuros foram submetidos a um excesso de manipulações na UTIN.
Prevalencia de lesao do septo nasal em prematuros no uso de prongas nasais
Authors: Sousa Nayara Francisca Cabral de , Bonfim Suely de Fatima Santos Freire , Vasconcelos Maria Gorete Lucena de , Bezerra Joana Lidyanne de Oliveira , Silva Daiana Vieira Camara da , Leal Luciana Pedrosa
Published: February 2014

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à lesão do septo nasal em prematuros sob uso de ventilação não invasiva. Estudo transversal, cujos dados foram coletados entre março e julho de 2012 por meio de busca em prontuários, entrevistas às mães e avaliação nasal de 47 prematuros, na Unidade Neonatal de um Hospital Universitário da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, região nordeste do Brasil. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e bivariada por meio do teste qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher, utilizando o software SPSS. A prevalência de lesão nasal foi de 68,1%, associada ao baixo peso ao nascer e à duração do tratamento. A prevalência de lesão nasal na população estudada é elevada e associa-se ao baixo peso ao nascer e ao tempo de permanência em ventilação não invasiva. Infere-se a necessidade de ações preventivas, como cuidados de Enfermagem contínuos, adequação dos dispositivos e educação permanente em serviço.
Alimentação da criança no pós-operatório imediato de palatoplastia: comparação entre as técnicas utilizando copo e colher
Authors: Trettene Armando dos Santos , Mondini Cleide Carolina da Silva Demoro , Marques Ilza Lazarini
Published: February 2014

Estudo prospectivo realizado no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, com o objetivo de analisar comparativamente a melhor técnica para alimentar a criança no pós-operatório imediato de palatoplastia: utilizando copo ou colher. Foram acompanhados 44 crianças e seus cuidadores durante a alimentação, em 4 horários consecutivos, gerando 176 avaliações, 88 utilizando copo e 88 a colher. Os testes Exato de Fisher e de Mann-Whitney foram usados para análise estatística, com nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). O escape de alimento pela comissura labial foi menor (p=0,024; 17%), o volume administrado foi maior (p=0,029; 12%) e a tosse foi menos frequente (p=0,026; 13%) com a técnica que utiliza a colher. Conclui-se que a técnica de administração que utiliza colher para a alimentação pós-palatoplastia é melhor que a que utiliza o copo.
School age children with HIV/AIDS: possible discrimination and attitudes against
Authors: Kurpas Donata , Mroczek Bozena , Sochocka Lucyna , Church Joseph
Published: February 2014

Survey-based study what purpose was to analyse respondents’ opinions about contacts with HIV/AIDS-affected people. It was performed using a paper-pencil method during visits of respondents at primary care centres and on-line through a link to the questionnaire distributed among patients of primary care physicians. The study involved 302 respondents, 80% of whom were women; the average age was 34.48 years. The majority of respondents did not know anyone with HIV/AIDS (89.6%). About 83.3% claimed that they would not decrease contacts with HIV/AIDS-affected people. According to 64.1% of respondents, children with HIV/AIDS should go to kindergarten/public or non-public school. We selected a group of respondents, who previously were not but now are inclined to limit such contacts. These respondents can be a potential target group for HIV/AIDS educational programmes. Most respondents think that there is insufficient information about the HIV/AIDS in the mass media.
Clínica do cuidado de enfermagem na terapia intensiva: aliança entre técnica, tecnologia e humanização
Authors: Silva Rafael Celestino da , Ferreira Marcia de Assuncao
Published: February 2014

Pesquisa de campo, qualitativa, cujo objetivo foi caracterizar a clínica do cuidado de enfermagem específica da terapia intensiva. Para isso forma realizadas observação e entrevista com 21 enfermeiros de uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Os resultados evidenciaram oito características desta clínica, que abarcam tanto a subjetividade quanto a objetividade, traduzidas em: interação, diálogo, princípios humanísticos, vigilância, conhecimento e domínio do maquinário. Em razão dessa clínica, a subjetividade nem sempre expressa-se de modo claro e a objetividade exige capacitação dos enfermeiros para cuidar na terapia intensiva. Conclui-se que a clínica do cuidado de enfermagem na terapia intensiva alia técnica, tecnologia e humanização, que fundamentam os cuidados de enfermagem que lá se realizam.
Acompanhamento de familias de criancas com doenca cronica: percepcao da equipe de Saude da Familia
Authors: Sousa Etelvaldo Francisco Rego , Costa Eliane Aparecida de Oliveira , Dupas Giselle , Wernet Monika
Published: February 2014

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar como a equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família percebe sua dinâmica de acompanhamento de famílias que convivem com a doença crônica da criança. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que teve como referencial teórico o Interacionismo Simbólico e como método a Análise de Conteúdo, técnica de análise categorial temática. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se o grupo focal, que foi desenvolvido com três equipes de Saúde da Família, totalizando 32 sujeitos. Os resultados foram organizados em três categorias temáticas: Peculiaridades das famílias que convivem com a doença crônica da criança; Equipe, família e Estratégia Saúde da Família e Limitações para cuidar. A percepção da equipe é que o desenho da Estratégia Saúde da Família favorece o acesso à experiência familiar, permitindo o reconhecimento de suas especificidades. Os dados revelam ainda as limitações da equipe em sua capacidade de resolução e a necessidade de investimentos na articulação entre os distintos serviços, setores e equipamentos sociais.
Vulnerabilidade da criança diante de situações adversas ao seu desenvolvimento: proposta de matriz analítica
Authors: Silva Daniel Ignacio da , Chiesa Anna Maria , Verissimo Maria de La O Ramallo , Mazza Veronica de Azevedo
Published: February 2014

Estudo teórico que teve como objetivo elaborar uma matriz conceitual para analisar a vulnerabilidade da criança diante de situações adversas para seu desenvolvimento. Propõe-se que vulnerabilidade da criança seja analisada por meio dos aspectos das dimensões individual, relativa a relações sustentadoras contínuas e proteção física e segurança; social , concernente à inserção social da família e ao acesso a direitos à proteção e promoção social, e programática , cenário político-programático, de diretrizes e implementação político-programáticas. A aplicação prática desta matriz permite a captação do processo saúde-doença para além da dimensão individual, possibilitando a articulação das políticas públicas e das ações dos profissionais, a fim de obter eficácia no atendimento às necessidades das crianças. O uso desse instrumento conceitual pode propiciar às equipes de saúde a apreensão, de forma específica, das situações adversas ao desenvolvimento infantil, bem como subsidiar a construção de planos de intervenção a partir das dimensões analíticas da vulnerabilidade.
Comparação das inclinações lateral e anteroposterior no equilíbrio estático entre jovens, adultos e idosos
Authors: Nunes Ariane Diane Morais , Fonseca Ligia Cristiane Santos , Scheicher Marcos Eduardo
Published: February 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: Com o aumento da população idosa, fica evidente a importância de compreender e explorar o processo de envelhecimento humano, o qual acarreta transformações morfológicas e funcionais. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar e comparar as inclinações anteroposterior e lateral do centro de gravidade por faixas etárias. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal e exploratório. Fizeram parte da pesquisa 135 sujeitos, separados em faixas etárias: Grupo 1: 20-29 anos (n=26), Grupo 2: 30-39 anos (n=26), Grupo 3: 40-49 (n=25), Grupo 4: 50-59 anos (n=30) e Grupo 5: >60 anos (n=28). Esses sujeitos foram selecionados de acordo com o escore do Miniexame de Estado Mental e pela capacidade de permanecer em pé por, pelo menos, 90 segundos. As posturas foram avaliadas por meio do software de avaliação postural (SAPO). As comparações entre os valores de inclinações dados pelo SAPO foram feitas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney (comparação par-a-par), sendo aceito um valor de p<0,05 como significante. RESULTADOS: Na comparação da média da assimetria frontal entre as faixas etárias, observa-se maior lateralização com o avançar da idade, com valores significativos nos grupos 50-59 e >60 anos. Na comparação da média da assimetria sagital entre as faixas etárias, valores são significativos no grupo dos >60 anos. CONCLUSÕES: Após avaliar e comparar as assimetrias sagitais e frontais, pode-se apontar que na medida em que a idade avança, há tendência ao aumento de suas projeções anteriores e laterais comparadas ao centro de gravidade.
Grammaticalization of syntactic conflict resolution: Asymmetric constructions
Authors: Boguslavskij I.M.
Published: February 2014

We consider Russian coordinative constructions with paired conjunctions, such
as i?i ?both?and?, ili?ili ?either?or?, ni?ni ?neither?nor?, ne tol'ko?no i
?not only?but also?, ne?a ?not?but?, etc. The paper presents a class of
syntactic constructions, so-called asymmetric constructions, which are
interesting in several respects. They are closely related to coordinative
constructions, although they do not share their principal property - the
identity of syntactic functions of coordinated elements. They take up an
intermediate position between standard syntax and ungrammaticality. On the
one hand, the sentence is within the grammatical norm. On the other hand, its
structure underwent a deformation that left a trace. We propose a description
that accounts for their closeness to and difference from standard - symmetric
- constructions. Symmetric constructions with paired conjunctions are
convenient to describe as a result of two transformations occurring in the
semantic structure: Deletion and Transfer. Asymmetric constructions are
obtained when only one of these transformations is applied. Accordingly, two
subclasses of asymmetric constructions can be distinguished -
?Deletion-Without-Transfer? constructions and ?Transfer-Without-Deletion?
constructions. The latter class has a strong pragmatic marking. The core of
this class are ?failed? symmetric constructions. The speaker begins to build
a symmetric construction but faces an obstacle of syntactic nature, which
prevents him from completing this plan. ?Transfer-Without-Deletion?
constructions constitute a legalized way of overcoming syntactic conflicts.
Once more on the verbal aspect and linguistic politeness in the Slavonic imperative: A parallel with Greek
Authors: Benacchio Rosanna
Published: February 2014

In the present paper the results from previous research on aspect in the
imperative, done first for Russian and subsequently for the remaining
Slavonic languages, are applied to another, non Slavonic language that also
expresses the category of verbal aspect with morphological means, ie. modern
Greek. It is confirmed that in imperative forms the verbal aspect may have
pragmatical implications as regards preserving or cancelling distance and,
more generally speaking, as regards (im-) politeness. That is, in Greek,
similar to what was observed in some Slavonic languages (i.e. Serbian and
Czech, but not in Russian) requests for actions that are expressed with the
perfective aspect (ie. with aorist stem) are more neutral, ?correct?, formal,
while those expressed with the imperfective (ie. with the present stem) are
more informal, direct and therefore potentially impolite. The latter can be
used at most in informal contexts in which the imperative, directed at a
person, is expressed by means of the allocutive pronoun of the second person
singular.
Some modifications of temporal relation in the sentence with the temporal clause
Authors: Antonic Ivana
Published: February 2014

The subject matter of this paper is the modification of temporal relation in
the complex sentence with the temporal clause. At the functional different
Serbian language corpus the author notices the next types of modified
temporality: excepted locational simultaneity complete or partial, and
excepted locationalorientational posteriority formalized by the structure V
SAMO/JEDINO/OSIM/SEM/IZUZEV(ONDA) KAD VSub, and excepted locational
simultaneity/excepted terminativity formalized by the structure V SAMO DOK
(Neg) VSub; sutuational locational simultaneity complete or partial
formalized by the structure V U SITUACIJI / U SLUCAJU KAD VSub, with the
posibility to be exceptivly modified in the structure V IZUZEV U SITUACIJI /
U SLUCAJU KAD VSub; situational-concessive locational simultaneity complete
or partial formalized by the structure V (CAK) I (ONDA) KAD VSub;
situational-conditional locational-orientational posteriority formalized by
the structure V TEK (ONDA) KAD VSub, and situational-conditional
orientational posteriority formalized by the structure V TEK POSTO VSub or V
TEK NAKON STO VSub and situational-conditional orientational quantified
posteriority formalized by the structure V Quant TEK POSTO VSub, and finaly
situational-conditional terminativity formalized by the structure (Neg) V SVE
DOK Neg VSub. It can ocure sporadically supstitutiv temporality formalized by
the structure V DetTemp (U)MESTO KAD VSub, and consecutive-adversative
temporality formalized by the structure KAD VSub A (ONDA) V.
Cataphoric use of serbian impersonal genderless pronouns ovo, to, ono in cleft sentences
Authors: Trnavac Radoslava
Published: February 2014

The objective of the paper is to analyze Serbian impersonal genderless
pronouns ovo, to, ono (this, it, that) from the perspective of their
cataphoric use and different distribution within clefts and pseudoclefts. The
author argues that the above pronouns have full semantic meaning in these
constructions. Their cataphoric use is based on the parameters of minimal
Distance and strong Unity (Accessibility Theory, ARIEL, 1990, 2001), while
the difference in distribution within clefts/pseudoclefts is triggered by
various cognitive statuses (GUNDEL, HEDBERG et al. 1993) that they create in
the mind of conversational participants.
K izuceniju mez''jazykovoj interferencii - na materiale govorov Banatskoj Cernoj Gory
Authors: Simic Zoran
Published: February 2014

S cel'ju uglublenija znanij o funkcionirovanii innovacionnyh javlenij i
dopolnenija perecnja morfosintaksiceskih i sintaksiceskih osobennostej
interferencionnogo balkanskogo analiticeskogo jazykovogo tipa, nabljudaemyh v
serbskih periferijnyh govorah bilingval'nyh kontaktnyh zon, iz dialektnogo
korpusa, sformirovannogo na osnove dannyh pereselenceskogo govora Banatskoj
Cernoj gory v Rumynii, byli vydeleny i proanalizirovany tri fenomena. Pervyj
ohvatyvaet innovacionnye processy v argumentno-predikativnyh strukturah,
svjazannye so sposobom vyrazenija argumentnyh znacenij, v castnosti, rec'
idet o mestoimennoj reprize logiceskogo sub''ekta, a takze prjamogo i
kosvennogo ob''ektov pod sistemnym vlijaniem rumynskogo sintaksisa. Vtoroj i
tretij fenomeny prinadlezat oblasti sintaksisa glagol'nyh form i kasajutsja
opredelennogo sposoba transpozicii vremennyh znacenij pod vlijaniem
upotreblenija rumynskih glagol'nyh form. Pri etom dannye transpozicii tesno
svjazany s morfologiceskoj kategoriej glagol'nogo vida i tendenciej
nerazlicenija aspektual'nyh znacenij serbskih glagolov, osobenno kogda rec'
idet o vtorom rassmatrivaemom javlenii - transpozicii perfektivnogo prezensa
v buduscee vremja. Vyrazenie predsestvovanija po otnoseniju k kakomulibo
drugomu dejstviju v buduscem formoj osnovnogo buduscego vremeni v rumynskom
jazyke privelo k upotrebleniju form futura I vmesto futura II i v issleduemom
govore, cto predstavljaet soboj novoe javlenie, dobavlennoe k perecnju
balkanskih analiticeskih innovacij v periferijnyh govorah.
Infections after reconstructions of anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Ristic Vladimir , Maljanovic Mirsad , Harhaji Vladimir , Milankov Miroslav
Published: February 2014

Introduction. Infections after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions are
rare, but, on the other hand, they are difficult to be treated. The aim of
this study was to analyze causes of infections, risk factors, diagnostics,
and possibilities of their prevention. Material and Methods. Seventeen deep
infections (1.2%) were found in 1425 patients who had undergone anterior
cruciate ligament reconstructions. Fifteen patients were males and two were
females. Out of 475 professional athletes nine (1.9%) had this postoperative
complication. Eleven patients with septic arthritis were allergic to
penicillin. Three of them had immunosuppressive diseases. Results.
Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in eleven cases (65%), other
Staphylococcus and Streptococcus groups were found in four and three
patients, respectively; while one patient had infection although the punctate
was negative. Out of 965 patients with the patellar tendon grafts, ten
(1.03%) had this complication, while the incidence was 1.52% (7/460) in those
with the hamstring grafts. Fifteen infections were acute with obvious
symptoms within 14 days after surgery. Severe pain, limited range of motion,
swelling of the knee joint and fever were the most common symptoms, while
rubor and pus developed rarely. The infection was three times more frequent
in the patients who had undergone surgery lasting more than 1.5 hour.
Discussion and Conclusion. The following population groups are at risk of
developing septic arthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions:
professional athletes, those who are allergic to penicillin, and those with
immunosuppressive diseases. Staphyllococus aureus is the most common cause of
infection. The patients with the hamstring autografts have a higher risk than
those with the patellar tendon grafts. Preventive measures that should be
performed include aseptic conditions in operative rooms, irrigation of the
graft before its placement into the bone tunnels, experience of surgeon and
proper antibiotics.
On the residual motion in damped vibrating systems
Authors: Bulatovic Ranislav
Published: February 2014

In this paper, linear vibrating systems, in which the inertia and stiffness
matrices are symmetric positive definite and the damping matrix is symmetric
positive semi-definite, are studied. Such a system may possess undamped
modes, in which case the system is said to have residual motion. Several
formulae for the number of independent undamped modes, associated with purely
imaginary eigenvalues of the system, are derived. The main results formulated
for symmetric systems are then generalized to asymmetric and symmetrizable
systems. Several examples are used to illustrate the validity and application
of the present results.
The incidence of Pyrenochaeta terrestris in root of different plant species in Serbia
Authors: Levic Jelena , Petrovic Tijana , Stankovic Slavica , Ivanovic Dragica
Published: February 2014

Root samples of cereals (oats, wheat, barley, maize and sorghum), vegetables
(garlic, onion, pepper, cucumber, pumpkin, carrot and tomato), industrial
plant (soya bean) and weeds (Johnson grass, barnyard grass and green
bristle-grass) collected in different agroecological conditions in Serbia
were analysed for the presence of Pyrenochaeta terrestris. The fungus was
found in 42 out of 51 samples (82.4%), while the incidence varied from 2.5 to
72.5%. The highest incidence was detected in cereals (average 30.3%), and
then in weeds of the Poaceae family (average 14.2%). Considering single
species, maize (up to 72.5% in root) and Johnson grass (up to 37.5%) were
mostly attacked by this fungus. The lowest incidence of the fungus was
determined in vegetable crops (average 6.7%). Red to reddish discoloration of
root was correlated with the incidence of the fungus. Obtained data indicate
that P. terrestris is widespread in Serbia and conditions for its development
are favourable.
Structural adaptation of Salsola soda L. (Chenopodiaceae) from inland and maritime saline area
Authors: Milic Dubravka , Lukovic Jadranka , Zoric Lana , Merkulov Ljiljana
Published: February 2014

The microscopic analysis of leaf and stem in two populations of Salsola soda
was carried out in order to examine mechanism of anatomical adaptations to
environmental condition on saline habitats and to determine if there exists a
morpho-anatomical differentiation between populations from maritime and
inland saline area. Analysis included 26 quantitative characters of leaf and
stem. The results showed that both populations exhibited halomorphic and
xeromorphic adaptations, which refered to ecological plasticity and
adaptations of plants to their habitats. Our research also showed that S.
soda had quite a stable morphoanatomical structure, since only quantitative
changes were recorded.
Ornitofauna from the archaeological sites in Vojvodina (Serbia)
Authors: Radmanovic Darko , Kostic Desanka , Lujic Jelena , Blazic Svetlana
Published: February 2014

After decades-long vertebrate fauna research, out of 42 archaeological sites
in Vojvodina (Serbia) from different periods ranging from the Neolithic to
the Middle Ages, remains of birds were registered at 17 sites (4 from the
Neolithic, 1 from the Early Iron Age, 7 from the Late Iron Age, 5 from the
Roman Period, 1 from the Migration Period, and 4 from the Middle Ages). A
total of 14 species and 4 genera were registered for this vertebrate class.
The richest ornithofauna is from the Neolithic, where 9 species and 3 genera
were registered. The Migration and Medieval periods are next with 4
registered species and one genus each. There were 3 species registered from
the Roman Period, and 2 species from the Late Iron Age. The poorest
ornitofauna was registered from the Early Iron Age, only one species.
Evaluation of the accuracy of neurologic data, survey radiographic results, or both for localization of the site of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation in dogs
Authors: Murakami Tsuyoshi , Feeney Daniel A. , Willey Jennifer L. , Carlin Bradley P.
Published: February 2014

Objective—To determine the accuracy of neurologic data, survey radiographic results, or both for localization of the site of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation in dogs.

Sample—338 dogs with surgically confirmed intervertebral disk herniation from disk spaces T10–11 to L6–7.

Procedures—Medical records and archived survey radiographs were reviewed for each case. Data were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression models. Three models were fit to develop subsets of the data consisting of survey radiographic data, neurologic examination data, and a combination of survey radiographic and neurologic examination data. The resulting models were validated by evaluating predictive performance against a validation subset of the data.

Results—Models incorporating survey radiographic data and a combination of survey radiographic and neurologic data had similar predictive ability and performed better than the model based solely on neurologic data but resulted in substantial errors in predictions.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A combination of neurologic examination data as recorded in the medical records and radiographic data did not enhance predictive performance of multivariable logistic regression models over models limited to radiographic data. Neurologic and radiographic findings should not be used to completely exclude areas in an abnormal spinal cord region from further evaluation with advanced imaging.
Stochastic model of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus control strategies on a swine farm in the United States
Authors: Jeong Jaewoon , Aly Sharif S. , Cano Jean Paul , Polson Dale , Kass Philip H. , Perez Andres M.
Published: February 2014

Objective—To use mathematical modeling to assess the effectiveness of control strategies for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus on a swine farm.

Sample—A hypothetical small, medium, or large farrow-to-weaning swine farm in the Midwestern United States.

Procedures—Stochastic models were formulated to simulate an outbreak of PRRS on a farm. Control strategies assessed in those models included none (baseline) and various combinations of mass immunization, herd closure, and gilt acclimatization. Nine different models resulting from the combination of low, moderate, or high PRRS virus virulence and small, medium, or large herd size were simulated. A stabilized status, the outcome of interest, was defined as the absence of positive PCR assay results for PRRS virus in 3-week-old piglets. For each scenario, the percentage of simulations with a stabilized status was used as a proxy for the probability of disease control.

Results—Increasing PRRS virus virulence and herd size were negatively associated with the probability of achieving a stabilized status. Repeated mass immunization with herd closure or gilt acclimitization was a better alternative than was single mass immunization for disease control within a farm.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Repeated mass immunization with a PRRS modified-live virus vaccine with herd closure or gilt acclimitization was the scenario most likely to achieve a stabilized status. Estimation of the cost of various PRRS control strategies is necessary.