bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-Situ Biofilm Monitoring Using a Heat-Transfer Sensor: Impact of Flow Velocity in Pipe and Planar System
Authors: Netsch Andreas , Sen Shaswata , Horn Harald , Wagner Michael
Published: January 2025

Industrially applied bioelectrochemical systems require for long-term stable operation and hence a control of the biofilm accumulation on the electrodes. An optimized application of biofilm control mechanisms presupposes an on-line, in-situ monitoring of the accumulated biofilm. Heat-transfer sensors have successfully been integrated into industrial systems for the on-line non-invasive monitoring of biofilms. In this study, a mathematical model for the description of the sensitivity of a heat-transfer biofilm sensor has been developed, incorporating the hydrodynamic conditions of the fluid and the geometrical properties of the substratum. This model was experimentally validated at different flow velocities by integrating biofilm sensors into cylindrical pipes and planar mesofluidic flow cells with a carbonaceous substratum. Dimensionless sensor readings were correlated with the mean biovolume measured gravimetrically and using optical coherence tomography to determine the sensor sensitivity. The biofilms sensors applied in the planar flow cells revealed an increase in sensitivity by a factor of 6 compared to standard stainless-steel pipes, as well as an improved sensitivity at higher flow velocities.
Materials Young's Modulus Identification Using Genetic Alghoriths
Authors: Sales Camila Débora Santos , Grandinetti Francisco José , Castro Thais Santos , Soares Álvaro Manoel de Souza
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a novel method for determining the modulus of elasticity of materials using a non-destructive testing method based on the Genetic Algorithm method. Conventional methods for determining material properties, such as tensile tests, often require specialized, expensive equipment and are inherently destructive. In contrast, the proposed method uses optimization techniques to minimize the error between the experimental curvature of a beam and its analytical model. The method is validated against preliminary results that show a high degree of accuracy in estimating the elastic modulus, with values closely matching real material properties. This approach provides a cost-effective and efficient alternative for characterizing material properties without the need for destructive testing or specialized equipment.
From House to Farm: LCA of Sewage Sludge as a Circular Fertiliser in Three European Regions
Authors: Pérez-García Jessica , Villanueva-Rey Pedro , Rodríguez-Hernández Leticia , Alvarino Teresa , González-Monjardin Lucía
Published: January 2025

This study evaluates the environmental performance of stabilised sewage sludge used as a circular fertiliser (CF) across three European regions: Central, Mediterranean, and Northern Europe, comparing its performance against non-renewable fertilisers (NRF). The research applies a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, considering a mix of the most used stabilisation technologies in each region such as anaerobic digestion, chemical treatment, thermal drying, composting, and aerobic digestion. Environmental impacts were assessed based on key categories including climate change, acidification, eutrophication, and resource use. The environmental performance of CF production outperformed NRF in all assessed categories, showcasing its potential as a sustainable alternative. Findings reveal that the choice of stabilisation process is key to the overall environmental performance of the region. High energy driven technologies, such as thermal drying present the bigger impacts. Regional disparities highlight the need for context-specific technology selection to optimise environmental outcomes. The study underscores the importance of integrating energy recovery and nutrient recycling in sludge management practices. These findings advocate for the promotion of circular fertilisers within a sustainable agricultural framework, emphasising technology adaptation based on local conditions to enhance ecological and economic benefits.
Unifying General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics through Superfluid Gravity and Cyclical Universe Dynamics
Authors: Gaspar Iago
Published: January 2025

The quest to reconcile general relativity with quantum mechanics remains one of the most profound challenges in theoretical physics. In this paper, we propose significant extensions to the superfluid model of gravity, incorporating quantum corrections and exploring the empirical implications of gravity as a quantum fluid. We develop a comprehensive mathematical framework that synthesizes the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with Einstein’s field equations, deriving a unified field equation that includes quantum corrections and accounts for dark matter and dark energy. We investigate the role of quantum decoherence in gravitational systems and explore the modified propagation of gravitational waves within a superfluid spacetime. Potential experimental tests are proposed, including observations with current or next-generation gravitational wave detectors. These developments aim to unify classical gravity with quantum mechanics while offering new insights into the formation of black holes and the cyclical nature of the universe.
Interspecies Blastocyst Complementation and the Genesis of Chimeric Solid Human Organs
Authors: Bigliardi Elena , Shetty Anala V. , Low Walter C. , Steer Clifford J.
Published: January 2025

Solid organ transplantation remains a life-saving treatment for patients worldwide. Unfortunately, the supply of donor organs cannot meet the current need, making the search for alternative sources even more essential. Xenotransplantation using sophisticated genetic engineering techniques to delete and overexpress specific genes in the donor animal has been investigated as a possible option. However, the use of exogenous tissue presents another host of obstacles, particularly regarding organ rejection. Given these limitations, interspecies blastocyst complementation in combination with precise gene knockouts presents a unique, promising pathway for the transplant organ shortage. In recent years, great advancements have been made in the field, with encouraging results in producing a donor-derived organ in a chimeric host. That said, one of the major barriers to successful interspecies chimerism is the mismatch in the developmental stages of the donor and the host cells in the chimeric embryo. Another major barrier to successful chimerism is the mismatch in developmental speeds between the donor and host cells in the chimeric embryos. This review outlines 22 studies in which blastocyst complementation was used to generate solid organs. In particular, the genesis of liver, lung, kidney, pancreas, heart, thyroid, thymus and parathyroids was investigated. Of the 22 studies, 7 included an interspecies model. Of the 7, one was done using human donor cells in a pig host, and all others were rat-mouse chimeras. While very promising results have been demonstrated, with great advancements in the field, several challenges continue to persist. In particular, successful chimerism, organ generation and donor contribution, synchronized donor-host development, as well as ethical concerns regarding human-animal chimeras remain important aspects that will need to be addressed in future research.
A Comprehensive Survey on AI in Learning Management System
Authors: S kumar Adarsh , D Diljith , Dileepkumar Jyothika , K V Navin , Mathai Samuel Peter , K Sabeena
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increasingly become a transformative force in education, particularly in Learning Management Systems (LMS). This paper explores the integration of AI technologies within LMS platforms to enhance personalized learning, streamline administrative processes, and improve educational outcomes. Key AI applications include adaptive learning, automated grading, predictive analytics for student performance, and intelligent tutoring systems. AI-driven LMS platforms offer the potential to create more engaging, efficient, and data-driven learning environments. However, challenges such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the need for robust infrastructure also arise. This paper provides an overview of current AI implementations in LMS, discusses the benefits and limitations, and proposes future directions for research in this domain.
Sensory Evaluation of Effervescent Nutritional Supplements: Identification and Characterization of Off-Tastes
Authors: Delompré Thomas , Martin Christophe , Briand Loïc , Salles Christian
Published: January 2025

Nutritional supplements are increasingly used worldwide to address nutrient deficiencies or restore body functions. However, these supplements are often characterized by unpleasant tastes or aftertastes, primarily due to the presence of vitamins, minerals, and amino acids as active compounds. These taste defects can be masked by sweeteners or specific flavourings. However, the development of such strategies requires a thorough understanding of the sensory characteristics of nutritional supplements. In the present study, the sensory properties of four effervescent nutritional supplements, differing in composition, were evaluated using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) across three modalities: orthonasal and retronasal odour perception, as well as aftertaste and aroma persistence. Bitterness, astringency, and metallic sensations were found to be responsible for the negative sensory attributes of the products in solution. The addition of flavouring agents was found to have either a positive or negative effect on the taste characteristics of the supplements. Indeed, certain fruity notes enhanced sweet and sour sensations, and masked negative sensory perceptions, although this effect varied depending on the nature of the nutritional supplement. A better understanding of these perceptual interactions could provide a solution for masking strategies, potentially reducing the use of additives that can be expensive and detrimental to health.
Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Segmentation of Flood Water from a Drone Imagery: A Use Case
Authors: Nkolokosa Clinton , Likongwe Patrick J. , Chiotha Sosten S.
Published: January 2025

As a proof of concept, this paper demonstrates Artificial Intelligence-based segmenta-tion and inundation of flood water on a drone imagery captured at Kachulu Trading Centre along Lake Chilwa, Malawi. Kachulu experienced lakeshore flooding due to heavy rains from Tropical Cyclone Freddy in March 2023. Leveraging recent advance-ments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and a high spatial resolution drone imagery, flood water at Kachulu is detected, and its extent estimated using the segment-geospatial (samgeo), which is a Segment Anything Model (SAM) image encoder in Python. The results show that samgeo performed reasonably well in extracting about 84.1% (80,276 sq.m) of flood water from 95, 399 sq.m of flooded area in a 3 m spatial resolution im-agery. Rapid estimation of flood water extent is vital for damage assessment, disaster response and, more importantly, future disaster preparedness in climate change sensi-tive and vulnerable regions.
The Impact of Sensory Perceptions and Country of Origin Practices on Consumer Preferences for Rice: A Comparative Study of China and Thailand
Authors: Srisukwatanachai Tanapon , Jiang Baichen , Boonkong Achara , Kassoh Fallah Samuel , Senawin Sutthawongwadee
Published: January 2025

Rice is fundamental to the existence of Asian societies, particularly in Thailand and China, func-tioning as both a primary aliment and a cultural emblem. The quest for superior rice emphasizes sensory characteristics—fragrance, texture, and taste—over mere yield. Renowned varieties such as Thai Jasmine rice epitomize this, reflecting scrupulous cultivation and processing. Highlighting sensory properties is crucial to augmenting rice's worth and international allure. This study inves-tigates the influence of sensory perceptions and country of origin (COO) on consumer preferences for fragrant rice in China and Thailand. Using a Choice Experiment (CE) with 1,330 participants from Guangzhou, China, and Bangkok, Thailand, key attributes such as aroma, grain quality, cer-tification, and price were evaluated. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to ana-lyze the relationships between sensory perceptions, COO, and consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP). The findings highlight that sensory characteristics, particularly aroma and grain integrity, significantly shape purchasing decisions, with Chinese consumers favoring premium-quality rice due to rising incomes and prioritizing safety certifications. Thai consumers, on the other hand, ex-hibit strong ethnocentrism, showing a preference for locally produced rice and valuing COO and certification as trust factors. Price sensitivity and brand loyalty also play critical roles in both markets. The study underscores the importance of addressing both sensory and COO attributes to bolster the global competitiveness of fragrant rice. These insights provide actionable implications for policymakers and industry stakeholders to prioritize quality control and certification in target-ing diverse consumer segments.
Research on Anchor Cable Force Detection Technology Based on Magnetic Intensity Distribution of Permanent Magnet
Authors: Jiang Haifei , Hu Anwen , Zhang Yiyong
Published: January 2025

The anchor cables of slopes are affected by long-term environmental corrosion, geotechnical creep, and adverse weather, resulting in gradual loss of tensile force, leading to structural failure and subsequent safety accidents. This paper conducts research based on the distribution characteristics of magnetic induction intensity of permanent magnets, including model derivation, theoretical simulation, and indoor experiments, aiming to propose a new anchor cable force monitoring technology with high sensitivity, strong applicability, and good stability. Based on the molecular circulation model and the Biot-Savart law, the analytical expression of the spatial magnetic field distribution of a rectangular permanent magnet is derived, and combined with the stress-strain relationship characteristics of anchor cables, a theoretical model for the relationship between anchor cable tensile force and magnetic induction intensity is established. MATLAB was used to simulate and analyze the spatial magnetic field distribution and force-magnetic relationship. The analysis shows that the magnetic induction intensity along the central axis of the permanent magnet approximately exhibits a symmetrical quadratic curve distribution; its value is significantly negatively correlated with the anchor cable force. Based on this, a new anchor cable force monitoring technology is proposed, and an indoor experimental platform is established. Indoor experimental studies further confirmed the negative correlation between force and magnetism. The fitting results of the force-magnetic curve show that a quadratic function can better describe the correspondence between magnetic induction intensity and anchor cable force. Reproducibility analysis of experimental data showed low dispersion in magnetic induction values under various design loads and good stability, validating the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed anchor cable force monitoring technology.
Functional and Potential Bioactive Health Benefits of Selected Microalgal Hydrolysates Assessed In Silico and In Vitro
Authors: Hayes Maria , Mora Leticia , Marzocchella Antonio , Kuchendorf Christina M. , Ackermann Baerbel , Aurino Elena
Published: January 2025

BIOPEP-UWM, a peptide database, contains 5128 peptides from a myriad of resources. Five listed peptides are Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE-1; EC3.4.15.1) inhibitory peptides derived from a red alga, while two from Chlorella vulgaris have anti-cancer and antioxidative bioactivities. Microalgae are a future protein source and support several UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) including, 2, Zero Hunger and 3, Good Health and Well-being and 13, Climate Action. Herein, we describe a process combining hydrolysis and filtration to generate protein-rich, bioactive peptide-containing hydrolysates from mixed species of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. The potential of generated algal hydrolysates to act as food ingredients was determined by assessment of their techno-functional (foaming, emulsification, solubility, water holding and oil holding capacity) properties. Bioactive screening of hydrolysates in vitro combined with mass spectrometry (MS), and in silico, predictions identified bioactive and functional hydrolysates and six novel peptides. Peptides derived from Chlorella sp. have the sequences YDYIGNNPAKGGLF and YIGNNPAKGGLF with predicted anti-inflammatory (medium confidence) and umami potential. Peptides from Scenedesmus sp. have sequences IEWYGPDRPKFL, RSPTGEIIFGGETM, TVQIPGGERVPFLF and IEWYGPDRPKFLGPF with predicted anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and umami attributes. Such microalgal hydrolysates could provide essential amino acids to consumers as well as tertiary, health benefits to improve human global health.
Corporate Environmental, Social and Governance Performance: The Impacts on Financial Returns, Business Model Innovation and Social Transformation
Authors: Shmelev Stanislav Edward , Gilardi Elisa
Published: January 2025

Corporate sustainability performance becomes the central element in many current business developments: the total value of ESG investment grows, more and more clients want to invest in projects that deliver more than the pure financial return, companies are innovating and transforming their business models and adopting the B-Corp values. Environmental and wider societal impact becomes the central focus of the businesses that want to become the force for good.
This article adopts an empirical approach and builds an ESG index of corporate performance based on 8 critical metrics representing the economic, social and environmental dimensions under varying policy priorities. Furthermore, it investigates correlations between these aggregate ESG indices and share prices as well as return on investment or ROE of companies. The article goes on to investigate empirically the correlation between Employees/Turnover, Diversity, CO2 emissions, Waste generation and Water use of companies and share prices and ROE metrics respectively.
The reasons for divergence between correlations of Sustainability Performance Indicators with share prices, ROE and Profits/Turnover are discussed in detail with particular attention drawn to the reasons why diversity might matter more for the share prices than ROE, and why waste generation, water use and CO2 emissions might still be poorly reflected in the ROE, while some of these metrics have a significant connection with the Profit/Turnover ratio. The article will undoubtedly be of interest to ESG fund managers, investors, corporate sustainability officers and policy makers.
Newly Patented Charged Particle Confinement Device for Fusion that is a Hybrid Method of Fusion Between Tokamak and Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Reactors
Authors: Moss II Pierre
Published: January 2025

This work presents a recently patented method of inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion called the Nuclear Electromagnetic Shaping Accelerator Reactor (NESAR) that addresses all of the major failure problems with currently known methods of IEC fusion. A brief background of previous IEC methods that generate a negative potential well to accelerate ions for fusion will be reviewed and compared to the NESAR method of magnetic confinement. In addition, a direct comparison will be presented between the NESAR and the tokamak method of fusion. The NESAR method of fusion obtains the plasma oscillation and compression capabilities of a tokamak without producing the catastrophic magnetic reconnection disruptions that currently plague tokamaks. Since the NESAR can oscillate charged particles comparable to the tokamak, this work will briefly review the history of the tokamak, how sawtooth magnetic reconnection occurs, and how the NESAR precludes the occurrence of magnetic reconnection.
The Critical Influence of Internal Audit Effectiveness and Sustainable Innovation on Sustainable Auditing Practices
Authors: Masoud Najeb
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the pivotal roles of internal audit effectiveness (IAE) and sus-tainable innovation (SI) in advancing sustainability auditing (SA) practices within Libya's public sector. The study used a cross-sectional, PLS-SEM and correlational re-search design to analyse 500 valid responses collected from 36 public sector firms, em-ploying hierarchical regression and structural equation modelling for robust data analysis through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The findings reveal that IAE and SI significantly enhance SA across various ESG dimensions, emphasising the ne-cessity for robust internal audit frameworks and innovative, sustainability-oriented practices. Conversely, ASPs demonstrated an insignificant negative impact on SA, suggesting a fundamental misalignment between existing audit guidelines and the broader sustainability objectives. These outcomes are consistent with stakeholder and agency theories, which emphasise aligning organisational practices with stakeholder expectations and addressing principal-agent conflicts to achieve sustainability goals. This paper contributes to the limited literature on sustainability auditing within Libya's public sector, expanding theoretical frameworks by illustrating how IAE and SI syner-gistically drive practical ESG integration. The paper highlights practical implications for public sector managers, emphasising the need to enhance SI and IAE to strengthen SA practices. Furthermore, it advocates revising audit standards to ensure their align-ment with evolving sustainability imperatives, thereby fostering a more holistic ap-proach to sustainability auditing in the public sector.
Building ASEAN’s Regenerative Economy Through Strategic Capital and Innovation Ecosystems
Authors: Ooi Rachel Wei Gee
Published: January 2025

ASEAN is uniquely positioned to lead the global transition toward a regenerative economy, leveraging its rapidly growing sectors such as HealthTech, MedTech, GreenTech, AgTech, and DeepTech/Industrial IoT (IIoT). An expanding middle class, projected consumer spending growth (expected to surpass USD 3.7 trillion), and sectoral innovations that align with sustainability goals are driving the region’s projected GDP growth, which is outpacing global averages and positioning it to become the 4th largest global economy by 2030. ASEAN’s strategic location, vast natural resources, and young, dynamic workforce further position it as a key player in fostering technological innovation, impact-driven ventures, and global capital flows. However, significant barriers remain, including a funding gap, a go-to- market (GTM) resources gap, and a globalization mindset gap, which collectively hinder the ability of innovation-driven ventures to scale effectively across borders.
The Impact of Home Parenteral Nutrition on Survival and Quality of Life in Patients with Intestinal Failure and Advanced Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Perlinski Miroslaw , Sobocki Jacek
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
Background&Aims:
Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is essential in the management of chronic intestinal failure (CIF) and malignant bowel obstruction (MBO), particularly in cases where enteral feeding is not feasible. This review examines the evidence from 38 studies to evaluate the impact of HPN on survival and quality of life (QoL) in patients with MBO, CIF, and advanced cancer, as well as to identify clinical predictors of survival and address psychosocial challenges.
Methods:
A comprehensive review was conducted of 38 studies focusing on the use of HPN in patients with MBO, CIF, and advanced cancer. Data were analyzed for survival outcomes, QoL metrics, and predictors of survival, including performance status, albumin levels, and the continuation of chemotherapy. Psychosocial aspects of HPN therapy were also assessed, particularly its influence on patient’s daily lives and mental health.
Results:
Key predictors of improved survival included good performance status, higher albumin levels, and the ability to continue chemotherapy. While HPN extended survival in many cases, its impact on QoL varied significantly. Psychosocial challenges, including lifestyle disruption and mental health strain, were common among long-term HPN patients, underscoring the need for comprehensive patient support.
Conclusions:
HPN can be a life-sustaining therapy for patients with CIF, MBO, and advanced cancer, but its success depends on careful patient selection and management. Identifying predictors of survival helps optimize outcomes, while addressing psychosocial challenges is crucial to minimizing the negative impact on QoL. This review highlights the need for a balanced approach to maximize the benefits of HPN.
The Impact of Sleep Quality on Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes: A Retrospective Study in Cohort Using Advanced Technological Devices
Authors: Pantanetti Paola , Biondini Federico , Mancin Stefano , Sguanci Marco , Masini Alice , Panella Massimiliano , Palomares Sara Morales , Ferrara Gaetano , Petrelli Fabio , Cangelosi Giovanni
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Aim: Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) challenges glycemic control, with sleep dis-turbances affecting insulin sensitivity and glucose variability. This study aims to assess sleep quality in T1D patients and its impact on glycemic outcomes, particularly at bed-time. Methods: This retrospective observational study, conducted at an Italian clinical center, included T1D patients using Medtronic devices. Sleep quality was assessed us-ing the Italian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and glycemic out-comes were analyzed with CGM data. Statistical comparisons were made using de-scriptive statistics and non-parametric tests. Results: Of 45 patients, 4 were excluded, leaving 41 for analysis. The mean PSQI score was 6.0 ± 4.1, with 36.6% showing poor sleep quality. No significant differences in age, sex, BMI, or diabetes duration were found. Poor sleepers had higher Time in Elevated Glycemic Range 2 (TAR2) (6.3 ± 6.2%) compared to good sleepers (4.1 ± 5.0%). During bedtime hours, poor sleepers showed significantly higher TAR2 (6.7 ± 7.2% vs. 3.3 ± 6.2%, p = 0.013). Conclusions: Improving sleep quality may boost glycemic control and prevent nocturnal hyperglycemia. Future research should focus on sleep interventions in diabetes care.
Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Cardiac Function and Survival in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Tu Xiao , He Tingfei , Xu Bing , Yin Jiazhen , Yi Fangyu , Li Ye , Gao Jinchi , Bi Peng , Xu Wanyue , Hu Rihong , Hu Lidan , Li Yayu
Published: January 2025

Maintenance hemodialysis patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality following COVID-19 infection due to compromised immune function. This study aims to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 vaccination (CoronaVac) on cardiac function and survival in this population. Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CoronaVac on echocardiographic parameters, BNP levels, and survival rates in maintenance hemodialysis patients. By comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated patients, we sought to assess whether vaccination provides a protective effect on cardiac function and contributes to improved clinical outcomes in this population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 531 maintenance hemodialysis patients, comprising 452 unvaccinated and 79 vaccinated with CoronaVac. We compared changes in echocardiographic parameters and BNP levels before and after COVID-19 infection between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups and assessed their association with survival rates. Results: Vaccinated patients were younger (60.54 ± 13.51 vs. 65.21 ± 13.76 years, p=0.006), had shorter dialysis durations (56.04 ± 51.88 vs. 73.73 ± 64.79 months, p=0.022). The mortality rate was also significantly lower in the vaccinated group (6.33% vs. 14.38%, p=0.049). In the unvaccinated group, BNP levels and multiple echocardiographic parameters (IVSD, LVPWD, AO, LA, EF, FS) significantly deteriorated post-infection, whereas no significant changes were observed in the vaccinated group. Multivariate analysis identified age, CAD, Hs-CRP, and LVIDs abnormalities as independent predictors of mortality, indicating that the independent protective effect of vaccination requires further validation. Conclusions: CoronaVac is associated with lower mortality and stable cardiac function in maintenance hemodialysis patients. The vaccine may reduce infection severity, lower cardiac load, and improve prognosis.
Advanced Cloud Security Frameworks: Tackling Evolving Threats and Ensuring Data Integrity
Authors: Kiat Chin Jun , Chen Wong Ping , Yaen Tan Zhaw , Yu Jye Jay Lieow , Min Ooi Yan , Hasan Rakibul , Bing Pan Yi , Hern Ng Zhao , Mahin Ali Muhammad , Rou Tan Jun , Eltayeb Abdelnour Alaaeldeen Adil , Sindiramutty Siva Raja
Published: January 2025

Cloud computing is a public and private data center that provides customers with a single platform across the Internet. Users can upload information and data to the cloud space and query and modify it at will without occupying the memory of their own devices. It is an evolving computing paradigm that stores data and information closer to end users to improve response time and save transmission capacity. Cloud computing has received widespread attention due to its affordability and high-quality services. Despite the many benefits of cloud computing, its security issues are still considered a big challenge. In the cloud computing security landscape, a three-tier model is divided, namely, IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. The results show that user data tampering and leakage are one of the most discussed topics in the selected literature. Other identified security risks are related to data intrusion and data storage in cloud computing environments. Our research report will discuss in detail the working principles of security-related technologies, as well as the advantages, limitations, and future potential of cloud computing. The results also reveal some recommendations that need to be implemented in future work to ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
The Role of UCHL3 and HNMT Gene Polymorphisms in Greek Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Flindris Konstantinos , Lagkada Vivian , Christodoulou Aikaterini , Gazouli Maria , Moschos Marilita , Markozannes Geogios , Kitsos George
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Recent studies have shed light on the association between genetic factors and diabetic retinopathy (DR) onset and progression. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between rs4885322 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of UCHL3 gene and rs11558538 SNP of HNMT gene with the risk of DR in Greek patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Material and Methods: In our case–control study, we included 85 T2DM patients with DR and 71 T2DM patients without DR (NDR) matched by ethnicity and gender. Demographic and clinical data of all patients were collected, then patients went through a complete ophthalmological examination and were genotyped for rs4885322 SNP of UCHL3 gene and for the rs11558538 SNP of HNMT gene. Statistical analysis was implemented by STATA v.16.1. Results: No significant differences in demographic and clinical data were observed between the DR and the NDR group (p-value ≥ 0.05), except for lower mean of age, longer duration of DM, more frequent use of insulin therapy and higher levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in DR group. The allelic effect of rs488532 increases the risk of DR by 2.04 times and in the dominant genetic model the risk of DR is elevated by 123%, while both associations are statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Moreover, the allelic effect of rs11558538 is associated with 3.27 times increased DR risk and in the dominant genetic model reveals an augmented risk of DR by 231%, while both associations are, also, statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: The rs4885322 SNP of the UCHL3 gene and the rs11558538 SNP of HNMT gene are associated with DR risk in Greek patients with T2DM. However, further studies with larger samples and different ethnicities should be implemented to clarify the exact association of these SNPs and DR onset.
Exploring Prognostic Gene Expression Signature for Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Lv Bi , Wei Xianghui , Zheng Wenlian , Wei Diyao , Hou Minghui , Dai Haiyan , Xiao Quan , Liang Hong-Gang , Huang Hansheng , Qin Lulu , Li Jingrong , Wang Huanyan
Published: January 2025

Background: Thyroid-related eye disease (TED) is the most prevalent orbital disorder of autoimmune origin, yet research on its mitochondrial energy metabolism-related genes remains limited with no definitive biomarkers or therapeutic targets identified.Methods: We downloaded datasets from the GEO database, forming TED and Control groups. Mitochondrial energy metabolism-related genes (MEMRGs) were sourced from GeneCards. We conducted differential gene expression analysis, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and identified Key Genes. A diagnostic logistic regression model was then built, expression differences validated, immune infiltration analyzed via ssGSEA, and network interaction assessed. Results: After correcting batch effects in datasets GSE58331 and GSE105149, we identified 26 mitochondrial energy metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (MEMRDEGs). Through one-way logistic analysis, Random Forest, and a LASSO risk model, we pinpointed 10 Key Genes crucial for diagnosis. The diagnostic model demonstrated superior performance and accuracy, with Key Genes showing significantly higher expression in the TED group. Additionally, activated CD8 T cells, immature B cells, and T follicular helper cells exhibited notable differences. Conclusions: The expression of mitochondrial energy metabolism-related genes in TED, stratified by risk score levels, exhibits a positive correlation with immune activity, unveiling a promising new pathway for identifying therapeutic targets. This finding calls for deeper biological exploration.
Efficacy of Colchicine in Reducing NT-proBNP, Caspase-1, TGF-β, Galectin-3 Expression and Improving Echocardiography Parameter in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Multi-Centre, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Astiawati Tri , Rohman Mohammad Saifur , Wihastuti Titin , Sujuti Hidayat , Endharti Agustina Tri , Sargowo Djanggan , Oceandy Delvac , Lestari Bayu , Triastuti Efta , Nugraha Ricardo Adrian
Published: January 2025

Background: Caspase-1 (reflects NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasomes activity), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and Galectin-3 play significant role in post-AMI fibrosis and inflammation. Recently, colchicine was shown to dampen inflammation after AMI, however, its direct benefit remains controversial. Objectives. This study aimed to analyze the benefit of colchicine in reducing NT-proBNP, Caspase-1, TGF-β and Galectin-3 expression and improving echocardiography parameter among AMI patients. Methods. Double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, randomized, multicenter clinical trial was conducted at 3 hospitals in East Java Indonesia: Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, Dr. Soebandi Hospital Jember, Dr. Iskak Hospital Tulungagung between 1 June-31 December 2023. Total of 161 eligible AMI subjects were randomly allocated 1:1 to colchicine (0.5 mg daily) or standard treatment for 30 days. Caspase-1, TGF-β, and Galectin-3 were tested on day-1 and day-5 by ELISA, whilst NT-proBNP were tested on day 5 and 30. Transthoracic echocardiography were also tested on day 5 and day 30. Results. On day-30, no significant improvement in echocardiography parameter had been shown in colchicine group. However, colchicine reduces level of NT-proBNP on day-30 greater than placebo (ΔNT-proBNP: -273.74 ± 87.53 vs. -75.75 ± 12.44 pg/mL; p<0.001). Moreover, colchicine lower level of Caspase-1 expression on day-5, level of TGF-β and Galectin-3 expression on day-1. Conclusion. Colchicine can reduce NT-proBNP, Caspase-1, TGF-β and Galectin-3 expression significantly among AMI patients but didn’t improve echocardiography parameters (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06426537).
Adapting the Extended Solow Model: Impact of Output Determinants on Economic Growth, Peruvian Case 2000 - 2022
Authors: Paredes-Soria Alejandro , Paredes-Egúsquiza Alejandro Saúl , Villagómez-Chinchay Juan Alberto , De Velazco Borda Jorge Luis , Chávez-Díaz Jorge Miguel
Published: January 2025

The present study seeks to analyze the impact of the externalities of investments in infrastructure on economic growth in Peru during the period 2000-2022. The research methodology is basic, quantitative approach, non-experimental, longitudinal design with explanatory scope, based on Solow's augmented model of economic growth. The OLS results indicate that the coefficient of variation of private income and the labor force is significantly and positively explained by GDP with an adjusted R2 of 0.94 that explains the variability of the model; Regarding the impact, the VAR model is used with impulse response tests and variance imbalance where it was found that investments in infrastructure and the workforce have a positive and significant impact on GDP. It is concluded that investments in infrastructure, especially private ones, have had a positive and significant impact on the economic growth of Peru during the period 2000-2022. These investments have acted as a key driver for the recovery and increase in GDP and thus the reduction of unemployment, while externalities, such as improvements in connectivity and productivity, have been fundamental to strengthen long-term economic development.
Ti Coating-Enhanced Tribocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes by CdS Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Mingzhang , Song Jiannan , Ke Senhua , Gu Yanhong , Bing Lina , Shen Zhenjiang , Chen Wanping
Published: January 2025

Coating disk-shaped materials on the bottoms of containers has become a highly effective method for tribocatalysis enhancement. Presently, the effects of Ti coatings on the tribocatalytic degradation of organic dyes by CdS nanoparticles have been systematically studied. For both 50 mg/L rhodamine B (RhB) and 20 mg/L methyl orange (MO) solutions, the tribocatalytic degradation by CdS nanoparticles was dramatically enhanced in Ti-coated beakers than in as-received glass-bottomed beakers, with the degradation rate constant increased by 4.77 and 5.21 times, respectively. Moreover, for tribocatalytic degradation of MO using CdS, two quite different MO degradation modes have been identified between Ti and Al2O3 coatings. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analyses showed that more radicals were generated when CdS nanoparticles rubbed against Ti coating than glass bottom, and boron nitride nanoparticles had been employed to verify that the enhancement associated with Ti coatings resulted from the interactions between Ti and CdS. These findings underscore the importance of catalysts and coating materials selection in tribocatalytic systems, offering valuable insights for the development of efficient environmental purification technologies.
IoT Integration Approaches into Personalized Online Learning
Authors: Spaho Edlir , Çiço Betim , Shabani Isak
Published: January 2025

Background: The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in education has trans-formed Personalized Online Learning (POL), enabling adaptive, context aware and learner-centered environments through interconnected devices and real-time data anal-ysis; Methods: This review systematically explores various IoT integration technological and pedagogical approaches in POL systems, including things, communication tech-nologies, context-aware mechanisms, integration frameworks, computing technologies and implemented pedagogical approaches. By examining 61 peer-reviewed studies, the study categorizes IoT technological and pedagogical approaches, evaluates their impact on personalization and identifies challenges such as data privacy and resource con-straints; Results: Key findings reveal that IoT-enhanced POL can significantly improve learner engagement, adaptive learning and academic outcomes; Conclusions: Gaps in interoperability standards, learner profiling, cognitive load modeling and the ethical use of data highlight the need for a unified framework. The paper concludes with pro-posing an IoT based POL framework and recommendations for future research and practical applications, emphasizing IoT’s transformative potential in creating personal-ized and inclusive learning environments.
How Can Digital Technologies Enable Circular Economy in the Construction Industry? A Review of Lifecycle Applications, Integrations, Potential, and Limitations
Authors: Keles Cagla , Cruz Rios Fernanda , Hoque Simi
Published: January 2025

The circular economy (CE) implementation in the built environment is hindered by the complexity of CE strategies and unique nature of construction industry. Digital technologies (DTs) have been explored as promising solutions to aid decision-making and enable CE in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector. Despite the rapid growing literature on both CE and DTs, very few studies have reviewed practical applications of DTs in the AEC sector and their intersection with CE. There is a need for a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art applications, integrations, potential, and limitations of DT in the CE context. Through a systematic literature review, this study identified ten key DTs to enable circularity in the building sector: Building information modeling (BIM), spatial data acquisition (SDA), Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML), Internet of things (IoT), blockchain, digital twin, augmented and virtual realities (AR/VR), digital platform/marketplace, material passports (MPs), and additive manufacturing and digital fabrication (AM/DF). We provided a comprehensive review of current applications for each DT, discussed their integrations, and mapped the DT applications along a building’s life cycle. Additionally, we identified the potential of DTs in overcoming the most reoccurring barriers to CE in the built environment: design, policies and standards, assessment methods, digitalization, and business models. Finally, we discussed the main DT limitations and future research needs.
The Simultaneous Removal of Chlorides and Calcium from Synthetic Solution and EAF Dust Washing Wastewater: The Study of the Suitability and Sustainability of Various Adsorbents
Authors: Horváthová Hedviga , Miškufová Andrea , Takáčová Zita , Bernardes Andréa Moura , Bureš Radovan , Fáberová Mária , Oráč Dušan
Published: January 2025

This work is focused on the investigation of sorption efficiencies and capacities of different adsorbents (synthesized Hydrotalcite, natural zeolite Clinoptilolite, synthetic zeolite and waste sludge from Al anodic oxidation) for simultaneous Cl- and Ca2+ removal from a synthetic solution (CaCl2) as well as from real wastewater (from EAFD recycling) for sustainable industrial wastewater purification process. The initial samples of adsorbents, as well as after the calcination and sorption process, were characterized, and it was described their chemical and phase composition (by AAS and XRD), surface area (BET analysis), porosity (BJH method) and molecule structure (FTIR). The highest efficiency (~100%) for Ca2+ removal from the synthetic solution as well as from real wastewater showed the synthetic zeolite. However, calcined Hydrotalcite at 500°C (HT-b) appeared to be the most efficient adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of Cl- and Ca2+. In this case, the maximum sorption capacity for Cl- (50.3 mg/g) and Ca2+ (42.2 mg/g) from EAFD wastewater were obtained after 360 minutes and the highest sorption efficiencies were achieved 98.9% for Ca2+ and 81% for Cl- after 24 hours. At the same time, 82% of Pb, 91% of Cr and 40 % of SO42 were removed from wastewater by HT-b.
The Importance of Early Diagnostics for Functioning of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Žukauskaitė Irena , Valadkevičienė Daiva , Jatužis Dalius
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The study aimed to compare the scores of the comprehensive ICF core set for Multiple Sclerosis (cICF-MS) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) who were diagnosed the same or next year from onset and who were diagnosed later, and if there were differences found, to analyse their value for prediction of current work capacity. Methods: 151 PwMS took part in the cross-sectional study. The average time from diagnosis of MS in the whole sample was 11 years. The neurologist assessed PwMS by telephone interview using the cICF-MS. Additionally, clinicodemographic data (age, gender, education, employment, disease type, disease-modifying treatments, comorbidities, EDSS, date from onset and date of diagnosis) and the data about their working capacity were collected. Results: 96 PwMS were diagnosed the same or the next year from diagnosis, and 55 within two or more years from onset. These groups do not differ by all clinicodemographic data. Nevertheless, there were found 13 differences in cICF-MS between groups (b152 Emotional functions, b156 Perceptual functions, b310 Voice functions, b320 Articulation functions, b330 Fluency and rhythm of speech functions, b5105 Swallowing, b735 Muscle tone functions, b7650 Involuntary contractions of muscles, d415 Maintaining a body position, d420 Transferring oneself, d430 Lifting and carrying objects, d530 Toileting, d930 Religion and spirituality) with more considerable impairment in delayed diagnosis group. Only three categories (Maintaining a body position, Perceptual functions and Muscle tone functions) were predictors of PwMS work capacity, with R2=.377. Conclusions: The study revealed that delayed diagnosis of MS may result in some functional impairment at follow-up, which in turn is related to reduced work capacity.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Study of Layered Double Hydroxides with Different Exchangeable Anions
Authors: Kloprogge J. Theo
Published: January 2025

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) containing various exchangeable anions were studied to show how X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) can provide information on the local environments of the different elements within the interlayer anionic groups and their possible influence on the LDH interlayer hydroxide surfaces. As such XPS can potentially provide additional information about these systems that cannot be obtained by other common spectroscopic methods such as infrared and Raman spectroscopy. A Mg6Al2X(OH)16. 4H2O with X representing interlayer anions CO32-, PO43-, SO42-, MoO42-, CrO43-, Fe(CN)64-, and Fe(CN)63- was studied. The hydroxide layer structure is characterized by the Mg 2p and Al 2p with a binding energy of around 50.1 and 74.5 eV for the normal CO32- containing LDH. The O 1s contained three peaks related to the layer OH-groups at 531.6 eV, interlayer CO32- at 530.5 eV and interlayer water at 532.4 eV. Similar observations were made for the other interlayer anions showing characteristic P 2p, S 2p, and Mo 3d peaks. Intercalation with CrO43- shows that a significant amount of the Cr6+ has been reduced to Cr3+. Finally, the intercalation of hexacyanoferrate in hydrotalcite showed the potential of XPS in detecting changes in the oxidation state of Fe upon intercalation in the LDH with a change in the Fe 2p peaks with a shift in binding energy and the possibility to determine the amount of reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). In general, the XPS high resolution scans of P 2p, S 2p, Mo 3d, and Cr 2p show that slightly lower binding energies are observed compared to the binding energy values for the corresponding anionic groups as part of a rigid crystal structure, such as in minerals. Overall, the influence of the nature of the interlayer anion on the binding energy of the elements (Mg, Al, O) in the layered double hydroxide structure is minimal and considered to be within the experimental error of XPS. Detailed analysis of XPS data in combination with infrared and Raman spectroscopy show how XPS can provide additional information not readily available via vibrational spec-troscopy.