bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The differential regulation of placenta trophoblast bisphosphoglycerate mutase in fetal growth restriction: preclinical study in mice and observational histological study of human placenta
Authors: Stroganov Sima , Harris Talia , Fellus-Alyagor Liat , Ben Moyal Lital , Plitman Mayo Romina , Golani Ofra , Hirsch Dana , Ben-Dor Shifra , Brandis Alexander , Mehlman Tevie , Kovo Michal , Biron-Shental Tal , Dekel Nava , Neeman Michal
Published: February 2024

Background:

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a pregnancy complication in which a newborn fails to achieve its growth potential, increasing the risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Chronic maternal gestational hypoxia, as well as placental insufficiency are associated with increased FGR incidence; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying FGR remain unknown.

Methods:

Pregnant mice were subjected to acute or chronic hypoxia (12.5% O2) resulting in reduced fetal weight. Placenta oxygen transport was assessed by blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The placentae were analyzed via immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Human placentae were selected from FGR and matched controls and analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Maternal and cord sera were analyzed by mass spectrometry.

Results:

We show that murine acute and chronic gestational hypoxia recapitulates FGR phenotype and affects placental structure and morphology. Gestational hypoxia decreased labyrinth area, increased the incidence of red blood cells (RBCs) in the labyrinth while expanding the placental spiral arteries (SpA) diameter. Hypoxic placentae exhibited higher hemoglobin-oxygen affinity compared to the control. Placental abundance of Bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) was upregulated in the syncytiotrophoblast and spiral artery trophoblast cells (SpA TGCs) in the murine gestational hypoxia groups compared to the control. Hif1α levels were higher in the acute hypoxia group compared to the control. In contrast, human FGR placentae exhibited reduced BPGM levels in the syncytiotrophoblast layer compared to placentae from healthy uncomplicated pregnancies. Levels of 2,3 BPG, the product of BPGM, were lower in cord serum of human FGR placentae compared to control. Polar expression of BPGM was found in both human and mouse placentae syncytiotrophoblast, with higher expression facing the maternal circulation. Moreover, in the murine SpA TGCs expression of BPGM was concentrated exclusively in the apical cell side, in direct proximity to the maternal circulation.

Conclusions:

This study suggests a possible involvement of placental BPGM in maternal-fetal oxygen transfer, and in the pathophysiology of FGR.

Funding:

This work was supported by the Weizmann Krenter Foundation and the Weizmann – Ichilov (Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center) Collaborative Grant in Biomedical Research, by the Minerva Foundation, by the ISF KillCorona grant 3777/19.
Touch receptor end-organ innervation and function requires sensory neuron expression of the transcription factor Meis2
Authors: Desiderio Simon , Schwaller Fred , Tartour Kevin , Padmanabhan Kiran , Lewin Gary R. , Carroll Patrick , Marmigère Frédéric
Published: February 2024

Touch sensation is primarily encoded by mechanoreceptors, called Low-Threshold Mechanoreceptors (LTMRs), with their cell bodies in the Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG). Because of their great diversity in terms of molecular signature, terminal endings morphology and electrophysiological properties, mirroring the complexity of tactile experience, LTMRs are a model of choice to study the molecular cues differentially controlling neuronal diversification. While the transcriptional codes that define different LTMR subtypes have been extensively studied, the molecular players that participate in their late maturation and in particular in the striking diversity of their end-organ morphological specialization are largely unknown. Here we identified the TALE homeodomain transcription factor Meis2 as a key regulator of LTMRs target-field innervation.
Meis2
is specifically expressed in cutaneous LTMRs and its expression depends on target-derived signals. While LTMRs lacking
Meis2
survived and are normally specified, their end-organ innervations, electrophysiological properties and transcriptome are differentially and markedly affected, resulting in impaired sensory-evoked behavioral responses. These data establish
Meis2
as a major transcriptional regulator controlling the orderly formation of sensory neurons innervating peripheral end-organs required for light touch.
PSTPIP2 ameliorates aristolochic acid nephropathy by suppressing interleukin-19-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap formation
Authors: Du Changlin , Xu Chuanting , Jia Pengcheng , Cai Na , Zhang Zhenming , Meng Wenna , Chen Lu , Zhou Zhongnan , Wang Qi , Feng Rui , Li Jun , Meng Xiaoming , Huang Cheng , Ma Taotao
Published: February 2024

Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by herbal medicines. Proline–serine–threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 2 (PSTPIP2) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play important roles in kidney injury and immune defense, respectively, but the mechanism underlying AAN regulation by PSTPIP2 and NETs remains unclear. We found that renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) apoptosis, neutrophil infiltration, inflammatory factor, and NET production were increased in a mouse model of AAN, while PSTPIP2 expression was low. Conditional knock-in of Pstpip2 in mouse kidneys inhibited cell apoptosis, reduced neutrophil infiltration, suppressed the production of inflammatory factors and NETs, and ameliorated renal dysfunction. Conversely, downregulation of Pstpip2 expression promoted kidney injury. In vivo, the use of Ly6G-neutralizing antibody to remove neutrophils and peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitors to prevent NET formation reduced apoptosis, alleviating kidney injury. In vitro, damaged RTECs released interleukin-19 (IL-19) via the PSTPIP2/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway and induced NET formation via the IL-20Rβ receptor. Concurrently, NETs promoted apoptosis of damaged RTECs. PSTPIP2 affected NET formation by regulating IL-19 expression via inhibition of NF-κB pathway activation in RTECs, inhibiting RTEC apoptosis, and reducing kidney damage. Our findings indicated that neutrophils and NETs play a key role in AAN and therapeutic targeting of PSTPIP2/NF-κB/IL-19/IL-20Rβ might extend novel strategies to minimize Aristolochic acid I-mediated acute kidney injury and apoptosis.
Activity of MukBEF for chromosome management in E. coli and its inhibition by MatP
Authors: Seba Mohammed , Boccard Frederic , Duigou Stéphane
Published: February 2024

Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes share conserved structures and serve a common role in maintaining chromosome architecture. In the bacterium Escherichia coli, the SMC complex MukBEF is necessary for rapid growth and the accurate segregation and positioning of the chromosome, although the specific molecular mechanisms involved are still unknown. Here, we used a number of in vivo assays to reveal how MukBEF controls chromosome conformation and how the MatP/matS system prevents MukBEF activity. Our results indicate that the loading of MukBEF occurs preferentially on newly replicated DNA, at multiple loci on the chromosome where it can promote long-range contacts in cis even though MukBEF can promote long-range contacts in the absence of replication. Using Hi-C and ChIP-seq analyses in strains with rearranged chromosomes, the prevention of MukBEF activity increases with the number of matS sites and this effect likely results from the unloading of MukBEF by MatP. Altogether, our results reveal how MukBEF operates to control chromosome folding and segregation in E. coli.
A translation proofreader of archaeal origin imparts multialdehyde stress tolerance to land plants
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Roy Ankit , Mukul Shivapura Jagadeesha , Singh Avinash Kumar , Singh Dipesh Kumar , Nalli Aswan , Banerjee Pujaita , Babu Kandhalu Sagadevan Dinesh , Raman Bakthisaran , Kruparani Shobha P. , Siddiqi Imran , Sankaranarayanan Rajan
Published: February 2024

Aldehydes, being an integral part of carbon metabolism, energy generation and signalling pathways, are ingrained in plant physiology. Land plants have developed intricate metabolic pathways which involve production of reactive aldehydes and its detoxification to survive harsh terrestrial environments. Here, we show that physiologically produced aldehydes i.e., formaldehyde and methylglyoxal in addition to acetaldehyde, generate adducts with aminoacyl-tRNAs, a substrate for protein synthesis. Plants are unique in possessing two distinct chiral proofreading systems, D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase1 (DTD1) and DTD2, of bacterial and archaeal origins, respectively. Extensive biochemical analysis revealed that only archaeal DTD2 can remove the stable D-aminoacyl adducts on tRNA thereby shielding archaea and plants from these system-generated aldehydes. Using Arabidopsis as a model system, we have shown that the loss of DTD2 gene renders plants susceptible to these toxic aldehydes as they generate stable alkyl modification on D-aminoacyl-tRNAs, which are recycled only by DTD2. Bioinformatic analysis identifies the expansion of aldehyde metabolising repertoire in land plant ancestors which strongly correlates with the recruitment of archaeal DTD2. Finally, we demonstrate that the overexpression of DTD2 offers better protection against aldehydes than in wild-type Arabidopsis highlighting its role as a multi-aldehyde detoxifier that can be explored as a transgenic crop development strategy.
Chromosome structure in Drosophila is determined by boundary pairing not loop extrusion
Authors: Bing Xinyang , Ke Wenfan , Fujioka Miki , Kurbidaeva Amina , Levitt Sarah , Levine Mike , Schedl Paul , Jaynes James B
Published: February 2024

Two different models have been proposed to explain how the endpoints of chromatin looped domains (‘TADs’) in eukaryotic chromosomes are determined. In the first, a cohesin complex extrudes a loop until it encounters a boundary element roadblock, generating a stem-loop. In this model, boundaries are functionally autonomous: they have an intrinsic ability to halt the movement of incoming cohesin complexes that is independent of the properties of neighboring boundaries. In the second, loops are generated by boundary:boundary pairing. In this model, boundaries are functionally non-autonomous, and their ability to form a loop depends upon how well they match with their neighbors. Moreover, unlike the loop-extrusion model, pairing interactions can generate both stem-loops and circle-loops. We have used a combination of MicroC to analyze how TADs are organized, and experimental manipulations of the even skipped TAD boundary, homie, to test the predictions of the ‘loop-extrusion’ and the ‘boundary-pairing’ models. Our findings are incompatible with the loop-extrusion model, and instead suggest that the endpoints of TADs in flies are determined by a mechanism in which boundary elements physically pair with their partners, either head-to-head or head-to-tail, with varying degrees of specificity. Although our experiments do not address how partners find each other, the mechanism is unlikely to require loop extrusion.
Chromosome Structure I: Loop extrusion or boundary:boundary pairing?
Authors: Bing Xinyang , Ke Wenfan , Fujioka Miki , Kurbidaeva Amina , Levitt Sarah , Levine Mike , Schedl Paul , Jaynes James B.
Published: February 2024

Two different models have been proposed to explain how the endpoints of chromatin looped domains (“TADs”) in eukaryotic chromosomes are determined. In the first, a cohesin complex extrudes a loop until it encounters a boundary element roadblock, generating a stem-loop (and an unanchored loop). In this model, boundaries are functionally autonomous: they have an intrinsic ability to halt the movement of incoming cohesin complexes that is independent of the properties of neighboring boundaries. In the second, loops are generated by boundary:boundary pairing. In this model, boundaries are functionally non-autonomous, and their ability to form a loop depends upon how well they match with their neighbors. Moreover, unlike the loop-extrusion model, pairing interactions can generate both stem-loops and circle-loops. We have used a combination of MicroC to analyze how TADs are organized and experimental manipulations of the
even skipped
TAD boundary,
homie
, to test the predictions of the “loop-extrusion” and the “boundary-pairing” models. Our findings are incompatible with the loop-extrusion model and instead suggest that endpoints of TADs in flies are determined by a mechanism in which boundary elements physically pair with their partners, either head-to-head, or head-to-tail, with varying degrees of specificity. How the partners find each other is not clear but is unlikely to require a loop extrusion mechanism.
Stem-loop and circle-loop TADs generated by directional pairing of boundary elements have distinct physical and regulatory properties
Authors: Ke Wenfan , Fujioka Miki , Schedl Paul , Jaynes James B
Published: February 2024

The chromosomes in multicellular eukaryotes are organized into a series of topologically independent loops called TADs. In flies, TADs are formed by physical interactions between neighboring boundaries. Fly boundaries exhibit distinct partner preferences, and pairing interactions between boundaries are typically orientation-dependent. Pairing can be head-to-tail or head-to-head. The former generates a stem-loop TAD, while the latter gives a circle-loop TAD. The TAD that encompasses the Drosophila even skipped (eve) gene is formed by the head-to-tail pairing of the nhomie and homie boundaries. To explore the relationship between loop topology and the physical and regulatory landscape, we flanked the nhomie boundary region with two attP sites. The attP sites were then used to generate four boundary replacements: λ DNA, nhomie forward (WT orientation), nhomie reverse (opposite of WT orientation), and homie forward (same orientation as WT homie). The nhomie forward replacement restores the WT physical and regulatory landscape: in MicroC experiments, the eve TAD is a ‘volcano’ triangle topped by a plume, and the eve gene and its regulatory elements are sequestered from interactions with neighbors. The λ DNA replacement lacks boundary function: the endpoint of the ‘new’ eve TAD on the nhomie side is ill-defined, and eve stripe enhancers activate a nearby gene, eIF3j. While nhomie reverse and homie forward restore the eve TAD, the topology is a circle-loop, and this changes the local physical and regulatory landscape. In MicroC experiments, the eve TAD interacts with its neighbors, and the plume at the top of the eve triangle peak is converted to a pair of ‘clouds’ of contacts with the next-door TADs. Consistent with the loss of isolation afforded by the stem-loop topology, the eve enhancers weakly activate genes in the neighboring TADs. Conversely, eve function is partially disrupted.
Inhibition of the UFD-1-NPL-4 complex triggers an inflammation-like response in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Rao Rajneesh , Aballay Alejandro , Singh Jogender
Published: February 2024

The UFD-1 (ubiquitin fusion degradation 1)-NPL-4 (nuclear protein localization homolog 4) heterodimer is involved in extracting ubiquitinated proteins from several plasma membrane locations, including the endoplasmic reticulum. This heterodimer complex helps in the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins via proteasome with the help of AAA+ ATPase CDC-48. While the ubiquitin-proteasome system is known to have important roles in maintaining innate immune responses, the role of the UFD-1-NPL-4 complex in regulating immunity remains elusive. In this study, we investigate the role of the UFD-1-NPL-4 complex in maintaining
Caenorhabditis elegans
innate immune responses. Inhibition of the UFD-1-NPL-4 complex activates an inflammation-like response that reduces the survival of the wild-type worms on the pathogenic bacterium
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
despite diminishing colonization of the gut with the bacterium. This inflammation-like response improves the survival of severely immunocompromised worms on pathogenic bacteria but is detrimental on nonpathogenic bacteria. Transcriptomics studies reveal that the GATA transcription factor ELT-2 mediates the inflammation-like response upon inhibition of the UFD-1-NPL-4 complex. Our studies uncover important roles of the UFD-1-NPL-4 complex in innate immunity and reveal the existence of inflammation-like responses in
C. elegans
.
The non-mitotic role of HMMR in regulating the localization of TPX2 and the dynamics of microtubules in neurons
Authors: Chen Yi-Ju , Tseng Shun-Cheng , Chen Peng-Tzu , Hwang Eric
Published: February 2024

A functional nervous system is built upon the proper morphogenesis of neurons to establish the intricate connection between them. The microtubule cytoskeleton is known to play various essential roles in this morphogenetic process. While many microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) have been demonstrated to participate in neuronal morphogenesis, the function of many more remains to be determined. This study focuses on a MAP called HMMR in mice, which was originally identified as a hyaluronan binding protein and later found to possess microtubule and centrosome binding capacity. HMMR exhibits high abundance on neuronal microtubules and altering the level of HMMR significantly affects the morphology of neurons. Instead of confining to the centrosome(s) like cells in mitosis, HMMR localizes to microtubules along axons and dendrites. Furthermore, transiently expressing HMMR enhances the stability of neuronal microtubules and increases the formation frequency of growing microtubules along the neurites. HMMR regulates the microtubule localization of a non-centrosomal microtubule nucleator TPX2 along the neurite, offering an explanation for how HMMR contributes to the promotion of growing microtubules. This study sheds light on how cells utilize proteins involved in mitosis for non-mitotic functions.
The non-mitotic role of HMMR in regulating the localization of TPX2 and the dynamics of microtubules in neurons
Authors: Chen Yi-Ru , Tseng Shun-Cheng , Hwang Eric
Published: February 2024

A functional nervous system is built upon the proper morphogenesis of neurons to establish the intricate connection between them. The microtubule cytoskeleton is known to play various essential roles in this morphogenetic process. While many microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) have been demonstrated to participate in neuronal morphogenesis, the function of many more remains to be determined. This study focuses on a MAP called HMMR, which was originally identified as a hyaluronan binding protein and later found to possess microtubule and centrosome binding capacity. HMMR exhibits high abundance on neuronal microtubules and altering the level of HMMR significantly affects the morphology of neurons. Instead of confining to the centrosome(s) like cells in mitosis, HMMR localizes to microtubules along axons and dendrites. Furthermore, transiently expressing HMMR enhances the stability of neuronal microtubules and increases the formation frequency of growing microtubules along the neurites. HMMR regulates the microtubule localization of a non-centrosomal microtubule nucleator TPX2 along the neurite, offering an explanation for how HMMR contributes to the promotion of growing microtubules. This study sheds light on how progenitor cells utilize proteins involved in mitosis for non-mitotic functions.
Human DCP1 is crucial for mRNA decapping and possesses paralog-specific gene regulating functions
Authors: Chen Ting-Wen , Liao Hsiao-Wei , Noble Michelle , Siao Jing-Yi , Chang Chung-Te
Published: February 2024

The mRNA 5’-cap structure removal by the decapping enzyme DCP2 is a critical step in gene regulation. While DCP2 is the catalytic subunit in the decapping complex, its activity is strongly enhanced by multiple factors, particularly DCP1, which is the major activator in yeast. However, the precise role of DCP1 in metazoans has yet to be fully elucidated. Moreover, in humans, the specific biological functions of the two DCP1 paralogs, DCP1a and DCP1b, remain largely unknown. To investigate the role of human DCP1, we generated cell-lines that were deficient in DCP1a, DCP1b or both to evaluate the importance of DCP1 in the decapping machinery. Our results highlight the importance of human DCP1 in decapping process and show that the EVH1 domain of DCP1 enhances the mRNA-binding affinity of DCP2. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses outline the distinct functions of DCP1a and DCP1b in human cells, regulating specific endogenous mRNA targets and biological processes. Overall, our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism of human DCP1 in mRNA decapping and shed light on the distinct functions of its paralogs.
Performance Evaluation of Power Weeder with Different Blade Mechanism in Intra-row Weeding Operation
Authors: Khayer Shadad Md , Patel Thaneswer , Rahman Britan , Ahmed Perves
Published: February 2024

Aims: Weeding operation is one of the most laborious and time-consuming operation in agriculture. Weeds basically an unwanted plant which competes with crop for light, moisture, and nutrient along with lowering the overall yield. Mechanical weed control methods are preferred among all weeding methods due to many reasons such as timeliness, safety, drudgery and cost effective.

Study Area and Duration: The experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field of Abhayapuri, Bongaigaon, Assam in the year 2021 to 2023.

Methodology: This study employed a 5.75 hp self-propelled diesel engine with three blade sets—rotary, non-rotary, and a combination of both, designed for weeding in vegetable fields with row spacing up to 75 cm. One-way ANOVA analysis compared group means for statistical significance.

Results: Results showed that the field efficiency (90%), fuel consumption (7.7 l/ha), cost of operation (Rs 1217.7 per ha) and plant damage factor (0.01%) was better for rotary blade than non-rotary and combined blade. Whereas effective field capacity (0.07 ha/h), performance index (155.7) and man-hour/ha (14.3) was better for non-rotary blade and the parameters such as depth (4.4 cm) and weeding efficiency (94.2%) was better for combined blade mechanism. From the one-way ANOVA analysis, it showed that blade mechanism showed significant difference on parameters like weeding efficiency, field efficiency, fuel consumption, effective field capacity, cost of operation, man-h/ha and performance index at p<0.05 and non-significant for depth and plant damage factor at P<0.05.

Conclusion: Study concluded that for intra-row weeding operation, rotary blade along with non-rotary blade was suitable economically whereas combined blade was suitable for weeding performance only besides high cost.
The Impact of Mandatory IFRS Adoption on the Value Relevance of Published Accounting Information: Evidence from Iraqi Private Banks
Authors: Chouaibi Jamel , Mutar Saif Mahmood
Published: February 2024

The study aimed to identify the impact of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the value Relevance of accounting information in a sample of banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. The study dealt with the method of analyzing the information content of the annual financial statements published on the Iraq Stock Exchange website, which number (46). Banks. (15) Banks were chosen as a sample for the study for the period (2012-2021). This sample was determined according to two basic conditions: the availability of financial statements for the year 2021 and the banks’ continuation of disclosing their data for the specified years without interruption. The independent variable was measured by financial reporting standards. The international standard (IFRS) was set at a value of (1.0), and the second variable (value Relevance) was measured using the model (Ohlson, 1995). Data analysis was also conducted through the use of statistical methods and tools and the statistical program (stata), and the study concluded that there is a relationship there is a positive moral significance between the application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the value Relevance of published accounting information. This means that the greater the trend towards adopting international financial reporting standards is accompanied by an increase in the levels of value Relevance of accounting information. The study recommended the necessity the Central Bank of Iraq obligates banks listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange to comply with the requirements of international financial reporting standards, which in turn reduces information asymmetry by disclosing Relevance accounting information to current and prospective investors.
Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur Levels on Growth Attributes and Yield of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] in Vindhya Plateau Region of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Pandey Shreyansh , Mishra Vikash Prasad , Kher Deepak , Azad Anand Rao , Prakash Anil
Published: February 2024

In the Rabi season of 2022, a field experiment was conducted in the Vindhya plateau region of Madhya Pradesh at the agricultural field of SAGE University Bhopal. The objective was to investigate the impact of nitrogen and sulfur nutrition on the growth and yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The experimental soil, characterized as sandy loam with a slightly alkaline pH, exhibited good drainage. Despite having a moderate amount of available phosphorus and potassium, the soil had low levels of organic carbon and nitrogen, with a low electrical conductivity of 1.65 dS/m (1:2, soil: water).

The experiment comprised 27 nitrogen and sulfur treatment combinations in a split-plot design with three replications. The treatments included three nitrogen levels (100, 120, and 140 kg ha-1) and three sulfur levels (20, 40, and 60 kg ha-1). The mustard variety Giriraj was cultivated, and the study focused on evaluating the effects of these treatments on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake.

Results indicated that various mustard crop attributes, such as plant height, number of green leaves-1, branches plant-1, siliqua plant-1, seeds siliqua-1, and 1000 seed weight, as well as yields (biological, seed, and oil yield), exhibited significant increases with rising nitrogen levels from 100 kg N ha-1 to 140 kg N ha-1. Similarly, applying 60 kg S ha-1 resulted in maximum plant height, number of green leaves, dry matter production, oil yield, and the highest net returns among sulfur levels.

The combination of 140 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg S ha-1 proved to be cost-effective, leading to increased yields, net returns, and a higher B:C ratio compared to other nitrogen and sulfur levels. Therefore, this study recommends the application of 60 kg S ha-1 and 140 kg N ha-1 for enhancing mustard crop yields, net returns, and the benefit-cost ratio.
Development of Project Based Learning Model in Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Learning in Polytechnic
Authors: Idris Nur Idil Fitri , Purnamawati  , Djawad Yasser Abdul
Published: February 2024

This research is to investigate the design, validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the Project Based Learning Model in the context of Object Oriented Programming Learning at Polytechnic. This study is categorised as research and development (R&D), employing a learning methodology that is derived from the ADDIE paradigm (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation).  Methods of data collection including the utilisation of observation and questionnaires. The data analysis methodologies employed include validity analysis, reliability analysis, practicality analysis, and effectiveness analysis. The study yielded the following results: (1) the Project Based Learning Model in Object Oriented Programming Learning encompasses the design of a Learning Model, the identification of Course Learning Outcomes (CPMK), the determination of Learning Outcome Indicators, the selection of Learning Materials, the development of Semester Learning Plans (RPS), the creation of Learning Modules, the formulation of Student Task Plans (RTM), and the establishment of Learning Outcome Assessment Rubrics. (2) The Project Based Learning Model in Object Oriented Programming Learning has a validity of 0.84, meeting the criteria for being highly valid. (3) The practicality of implementing the Project Based Learning Model in Object Oriented Programming Learning is rated at 3.38, falling under the very practical category. Additionally, the lecturer's responses to this learning model are also highly practical, with a rating of 3.44. (4) The effectiveness of the Project Based Learning Model in Object Oriented Programming Learning is rated as high based on student learning test results. Furthermore, students' responses to this learning model are highly effective, with a rating of 3.31. Hence, it can be inferred that the Project Based Learning Model in Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Learning fulfils the requirements of being legitimate, practical, and efficacious for usage at the Polytechnic.
Noise Pollution Status in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Ohaeri, E. C.  , Obafemi A. A.
Published: February 2024

Noise pollution has gotten more significant as cities have grown more densely populated. This study aimed to assess the noise pollution level in the capital cities of Awa-Ibom, Bayelsa Calabar and Rivers State, South-South, Nigeria. Noise level measurement was conducted using Noise Level Meter (NM102). Noise level measurement for all sampling locations were conducted on working days (Monday through Friday) between February 2022 and January 2023.  Results showed that noise concentration in Port Harcourt ranged between 31 and 103 db(A), 31 and 103 db(A) in Calabar, 32.1-90.1 in Uyo and 30.1-83 db(A) in Yenagoa. The noise levels in Rivers, Calabar and Uyo exceeded the WHO limit of 90 db(A). This has great consequence on the comfort and health of persons residing close to areas with high noise generation. Measure to reduce noise pollution should be put in place in these cities.
Implementation of a Secured Scalable File Server System
Authors: Abukari Arnold Mashud , Mensah Fred Yao , Madavarapu Jhansi Bharathi
Published: February 2024

This research paper proposed and developed a blueprint for a secured scalable file server system for organisations that can handle large volumes of data, accommodate numerous users with varying levels of access and permissions and adhere to all security and compliance standards of organisations. With the implementation of this secured and scalable file server system, users of all levels will be able to access, manipulate, transfer files easily devoid of any data lost, file corruption or fear of getting infested with virus when sharing using flash drives. System administrators will be able to backup files easily to forestall any unforeseen circumstances and finally the organisation’s Management will be able to have full control of all data that is used in the organisation. The proposed system is a scalable file server designed for digital file management. This secured and scalable file server system provided a secure and user-friendly interface allowing organisation's staff to efficiently store, retrieve, and share files. The proposed system at its heart, provide strong data storage capabilities that will easily meet data growing needs.
New Distributional Record of Alysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC. from the State Odisha, India
Authors: Sethi Jashabanta , Devi Rajkumari Supriya , Jena Nibedita , Kumar Sanjeet
Published: February 2024

A wild habitat of Alysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC. is reported for the first time for the flora of Odisha from Rourkela Forest Division. A detailed description with nomenclature, habitat, associated species and photographs are provided for easy identification in the field.
Perceived Barriers to the Adoption of Climate Smart Adaptive Livelihood Technology by the Farmers in Flood Prone Areas of Assam
Authors: Borah Ajanta , Gogoi P. B. , Rahman Britan
Published: February 2024

Flood is an annual major natural disaster of Assam. It causes a huge loss to human, animal, crop, infrastructures and natural resources. Since agriculture is the prime source of livelihood and majority of inhabitants resides in rural areas, the impact of flood has a vital role in the living conditions of Assam’s population. In the present study different kinds of barriers were identified which found to create resistance in the resilience building by the farmers in the studied area. Here the Garrett’s ranking technique was used to rank the barriers associated with the resilience building by the farmers in the study area. The problem of limited skills upon climate smart adaptive livelihood technology (CSALT) got the highest mean score of 65.55 and ranked 1st among all the identified problems. However, the last rank was given to the problem of limited resources with farmers to invest in CSALT having mean score 44.44. It was seen that after the extension problem the other key problems in descending order of value were economic problem such as unavailability of quality seeds and planting materials at right time, unavailability of labour in vital period of farming, in addition to which higher wage and lack of post harvest technologies and marketing facilities were also observed along with communication and information problems and socio-personal problem. Moreover reluctance to take up new project due to deprived risk taking ability, lack of awareness and skill on advanced farming technologies, lack of interest in cultivation due to poor return in short term with poor educational status of the farmers were some of the observed barriers.
Assessment of Clinico-physiological and Haemato-biochemical Profiles in Hampshire Crossed Pigs
Authors: Umar MD. , Singh C. K. , Dutta Jumi , Deka Raj Jyoti , Nath P. J. , Dutta Lakshya Jyoti , Deka Dipak , Tella Udaya Sai Sitaram , Ghune Subhash
Published: February 2024

This study investigated clinico-physiological and haemato-biochemical parameters in 18 healthy Hampshire-crossed pigs, classified into three age groups: Group-I (grower), Group-II (finisher), and Group-III (pregnant). Carried out at the 30 Sow Teaching Unit, the Departments of Livestock Production and Management and Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, the study aimed to discern age-related variations in pig health. Clinico-physiological assessments encompassed body temperature, heart rate, pulse rate, respiration rate, mucous membrane appearance, feeding behavior, and pen-mate behavior. Group-I exhibited higher clinico-physiological values, with significant variations in the respiration rate (p<0.05) and highly significant variations in heart rate and pulse rate (p<0.01) compared to Groups II and III. The haematological parameters, including hemoglobin, PCV, TLC, and TEC, were evaluated. Group-II exhibited higher hemoglobin and total erythrocyte count, while Group-I had a higher packed cell volume. Total leucocyte count variation was non-significant, but packed cell volume significantly varied (p<0.05), and hemoglobin and total erythrocyte count highly significantly varied (p<0.01). Biochemically, Group-I demonstrated elevated markers; Group-II had higher ALT; and Group-III exhibited increased total protein, BUN, and creatinine levels. While blood glucose, total protein, and AST showed non-significant variations, ALT, creatinine, and cortisol exhibited significant differences (p<0.05), and ALP, LDH, and BUN displayed highly significant variations (p<0.01). This study provides comprehensive insights into age-associated physiological, haematological and biochemical variations in pigs, contributing valuable information for effective pig health management practices.
Knowledge and Practice of Refractive Error Correction in Medical Students of National Defence University of Malaysia
Authors: Reddy Sagili Chandrasekhara , Ambigga K
Published: February 2024

Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of refractive error correction (spectacles and contact lenses) in medical students of National Defence University of Malaysia using a survey questionnaire.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was conducted among the medical students from first to fifth year. The questionnaire gathered socio-demographic information, knowledge about refractive errors, methods of vision improvement, as well as knowledge and usage of spectacles and contact lenses. The questionnaire was administered after obtaining written consent. SPSS version 24 software was used for data analysis, calculating frequencies for all variables.

Results: Out of 205 participating medical students, the majority were male (59.5%), Malays (65.9%), and military cadets (74.1%). While 63.7% were aware of refractive errors, only 51.7% knew about treatment options. Of the respondents, 36.3% wore glasses, with only 8% aware of alternatives like contact lenses and laser treatment. Family history indicated 41 families with a history of wearing glasses, and 15.1% knew about lazy eye. Notably, 45.2% preferred spectacles, while 20.5% opted for contact lenses. Among contact lens users (10.9%), 63.6% were aware of associated complications, and 86.4% practiced handwashing. However, only 68.2% cleaned their lenses with prescribed solutions. A subset (22.7%) admitted to sleeping with lenses, and 59.9% discontinued use of contact lenses after eye problems. Reasons for using contact lenses included comfort during military training, outdoor activities, and sports. Factors influencing choice of contact lenses included comfort, cost, ease of maintenance, and cosmetic purposes.

Conclusion: The study highlighted that 36% of medical students wore spectacles, with 11% using contact lenses. While students displayed good knowledge of refractive errors, awareness of treatment options was lacking. Knowledge about contact lenses was generally good, but improper care and compliance were prevalent, posing risks of complications. The findings underscore the importance of education and communication to enhance compliance and mitigate contact lens-related complications in the student population.
PRANAM-Ca: An Eggshell Derived Calcium Fertilizer and Its Impact on Blossom end Rot in Tomato Cultivation
Authors: Bhargaw Akash , Dasgupta Rajarshi , Pooja D. V.  , Hadimani Amaresh , Shetty Mahesh G. , Ghosh S. K.
Published: February 2024

Eggshells, amounting to a staggering 76.7 million tons annually, are often inadequately disposed of in landfills, leading to significant nutrient loss for both plants and humans, while contributing to environmental pollution and emitting unpleasant odors. In response to these challenges, recent research has been dedicated to repurposing eggshells, exploring their applications in diverse fields such as biochemistry, biomedicine, environmental technology, and agriculture. Recognized as an exceptional source of calcium, eggshells offer notable benefits for calcium-demanding crops, including tomatoes, chilli and cotton. In a comprehensive study conducted, we investigated the application of organic foliar calcium derived from eggshells on tomato plants. The results demonstrated substantial improvements in addressing physiological disorders, promoting overall growth, and enhancing yield, signifies the importance of calcium fertilizer for growing healthy crop.  With this background, Multiplex R&D team has made an effort to develop an in-house technology to derive the calcium from waste eggshell. Afterwards, how to scale-up and commercialise it as a sprayable form of Organic calcium fertilizer, PRANAM-CA. Present paper aims to describe the technique to derive calcium from eggshell and its impact on managing the blossom end rot in Tomato cultivation under protected glass-house condition.
Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Activities in Garhwal Himalayas: A Comprehensive Analysis on Shifts, Changes and Adaptation Strategies
Authors: Anshu  , Sharma Kaushal Kumar , Pandey Vijendra Kumar
Published: February 2024

Climate change is adversely affecting many facets of human lives, often varying with the magnitude and scale. The Himalayan environment is showing a perceived change in the climatic parameters and cryosphere response. The aim of the present study is to capture the community perceptions of climate change, and their approaches towards adaptation. A comprehensive field investigation was carried-out in the villages selected within the different elevation range, located in the Garhwal division of Uttarakhand. In the present study, 150 households were surveyed spreading over 25 villages. The analysis shows that most of the respondents (~95%) agreed, about the climate change through their responses, i.e. early and warm summer, short winter months and less snowfall.  The variability of precipitation pattern, declining soil fertility and poor yields were the major challenges in agriculture sector, the main source of livelihood of the communities. Traditionally, people are adapting with climatic extremities with adjusting crops Calander, use of improved and high-yielding variety seeds, fertilizer and used of herbicides and pesticides. The findings of the study can be used to prepare policy framework in the climate change adaptations in the Himalayan region.
From Cafeteria to Classroom: Unraveling the Nexus of Socioeconomic Factors and Food Security among University Students in Bangladesh
Authors: Urmi Sohana Aktar , Bhuiyan Md. Shojib , Khanam Meghla , Akter Marufa , Zabir Abdullah Al
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the food security status of students enrolled in public universities in Bangladesh, utilizing Household Dietary Diversity as a measure. The research reveals a varied distribution, wherein 71.32% of students are classified as food secure, while 28.68% face food insecurity. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis indicate that there is a positive association between food security status and variables such as gender, income levels, and father's occupation. On the contrary, the residential status demonstrates a negative correlation. Prominent factors that contribute to the issue of food insecurity include the lack of accessibility to reasonably priced and nourishing food inside the school premises, the limited range of choices available in university dining facilities, insufficient provisions of food, the absence of proper kitchen facilities, and a significant dependence on external sources for sustenance. This study highlights the importance of promptly addressing these complex challenges to improve students' ability to obtain nutritious food and promote their overall well-being in the context of university environment.
Strategy and Sustainability of Ecotourism Villages in the Buleleng Regency
Authors: Purnamawati I Gusti Ayu , Yuniarta Gede Adi , Nugraha I Gusti Bagus Baskara
Published: February 2024

Analysis of personal motivation, use of digital information, and green tourism branding in Buleleng Regency is very important for the sustainability of the ecotourism villages that are starting to be developed. This research used a quantitative approach with a population of 16,521 people with respondent selection using purposive sampling to obtain 236 people. The primary data type was by giving questionnaires (Likert scale) to village heads, traditional Kelian, official Kelian, homestay owners, tourism awareness group (pokdarwis) heads, tourists, and village communities. All data was analyzed using WarpPLS 7.0. This research reveals that personal motivation, the use of digital information, and branding, influence the sustainability of ecotourism villages in Buleleng Regency. The results of this research are in line with the theory of planned behavior and attribution which explains individual motivation and the factors determining the success of a business, including technological support in the use of accounting information, while promotion is an external attribution. This research can provide information for the tourism village actors in Buleleng Regency regarding the promotion and management of tourism which should be in synergy with traditional villages and official villages. All community roles cannot be separated from collaboration between stakeholders who have a big responsibility in expanding the village towards independence.
Quantum Gravitational Acceleration
Authors: Salman Bassam Muwafaq
Published: February 2024

In this study, we present the quantum gravitational acceleration. By having something in common All modern theoretical physics equations. Therefore, we can connect the theory of relativity General Einstein with quantum physics, we discuss the physics of black holes from one side and theory Information We show that it is natural to introduce the concept of black hole entropy as a metric Information about the inner parts of a black hole that cannot be accessed by Monitor outside. All equations have physical variables and variables, which express the values of certain, and these values are preserved that preserve all equations and information in theoretical physics modernity.
Investigating the Potential of Remote Sensing for Sustainable Urban Renewal and Regeneration: A Review
Authors: Jasim Abed Tuama
Published: February 2024

Today, urban design is a major issue in terms of sustainability. Urban renewal and generation are crucial for maintaining a sustainable environment for future generations. Remote sensing (RS) has become a valuable tool for managing urban areas, as well as powerful tool for urban development. With continuous advancements in technology and analysis techniques, its impact is likely to grow even further in real-estate industry. This review explores the use of remote sensing in urban renewal and regeneration. The study emphasises research activities in urban planning, land use mapping, and environmental monitoring utilising remote sensing methods. The study found that remote sensing can help decision-makers and stakeholders create long-term strategies that consider environmental, social, and economic factors for sustainable development.
Amebic Perforation of the Colon: Rare and Frequently Fatal Complication
Authors: Ozdogan Mehmet , Baykal Atac , Aran Omer
Published: September 2004

Amebic colitis perforation is a rare clinical form of amebiasis characteristically associated with high morbidity and mortality. We here present our series of eight patients with amebic colitis perforation. These patients represent 5% of 150 patients hospitalized during the same period for chronic amebic colitis. Only 50% of our patients had a correct preoperative diagnosis, and signs of generalized peritonitis such as rebound tenderness or muscular rigidity were not as common as might have been expected. Our mortality rate was 50% despite aggressive surgical treatment. Every effort should be made to have an early diagnosis, which would lead to early treatment with antiamebic agents, earlier and more limited surgery, and improved survival of these patients.
Surgical Repair of Mechanical Complications of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Massad Malek G. , Geha Alexander S.
Published: September 2004

Mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction are estimated to account for 25,000 fatalities yearly in the United States. The diagnosis necessitates a high degree of clinical suspicion. Once recognized, prompt surgical intervention is necessary because if left untreated the condition frequently causes a fatal outcome. The main determinants of survival are the preoperative hemodynamic status of the patient, the presence of multisystem failure at presentation, and concomitant revascularization during repair of the defect. Because ischemic heart disease remains the leading cause of death in such patients following repair, coronary artery bypass should be considered and, whenever possible, performed in conjunction with repair of the postinfarct mechanical complication.