bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SARS-Cov-2 Spike Protein Mutation at Cysteine-488 Impairs Its Golgi Localization And Intracellular S1/S2 Processing
Authors: Yamamoto Yuichiro , Inoue Tetsuya , Murae Mana , Fukasawa Masayoshi , Kaneko Mika K , Kato Yukinari , Noguchi Kohji
Published: October 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein binds to the cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) as the first step in viral cell entry. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expression in ACE2-expressing cell surface induces cell–cell membrane fusion, thus forming syncytia. To exert its fusiogenic activity, the spike protein is typically processed at a specific site (S1/S2 site) by cellular proteases such as furin. The C488 residue, located at the spike–ACE2 interacting surface, is critical for the fusiogenic and infectious roles of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We further demonstrated that the C488 residue of spike protein is involved in subcellular targeting and S1/S2 processing. C488 mutant spike localization to the Golgi apparatus and cell surface were impaired. Consequently, the S1/S2 processing of the spike protein, probed by anti-Ser-686-cleaved spike antibody, markedly decreased in C488 mutant spike proteins. Moreover, brefeldin A-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi traffic suppression also suppressed spike protein S1/S2 processing. As brefeldin A treatment and C488 mutation inhibited S1/S2 processing and syncytia formation, the C488 residue of spike protein is required for functional spike protein processing.
“Neuro-Fiber Mapping”: An Original Concept of Spinal Cord Neural Network Spatial Targeting using Live Electrostimulation Mapping to (Re)explore the Conus Medullaris Anatomy
Authors: Rigoard Philippe , Moens Maarten , Goudman Lisa , Le Tutour Tom , Rochette Michel , Dany Jonathan , Et Talby Mohamed , Roulaud Manuel , Hervochon Rémi , Ounajim Amine , Nivole Kévin , David Romain , Billot Maxime
Published: October 2022

Spinal Cord (SC) Anatomy is often assimilated to a morphologically encapsulated neural entity, but its functional anatomy remains only partially understood. We hypothesized that it could be possible to reexplore SC neural networks by performing live electrostimulation mapping, based on “super-selective” Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS), originally designed as a therapeutical tool to address chronic refractory pain. As a starting point, we initiated a systematic SCS lead programming approach using live electrostimulation mapping on a chronic refractory perineal pain patient, previously implanted with multicolumn SCS at the level of the conus medullaris (T12-L1). It appeared possible to (re)explore the classical anatomy of the conus medullaris using statistical correlations of paresthesia coverage mappings, resulting from 165 different electrical configurations tested. We highlighted that sacral dermatomes were not only located more medially but also deeper than lumbar dermatomes at the level of the conus medullaris, in contrast with classical anatomical descriptions of SC somatotopical organization. As we were finally able to find a morpho-functional description of ‘Philippe-Gombault’s triangle’, in 19th century historical textbooks of neuroanatomy, matching remarkably with these conclusions, the concept of “Neuro-Fiber-Mapping” was introduced.
Bacillus Thuringiensis as a Biofertilizer in Crops and Their Implications in the Control of Phytopathogens and Insect Pests
Authors: Gomis-Cebolla Joaquin , Berry Colin
Published: October 2022

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a spore-forming bacterium that produces insecticidal proteins and other virulence factors and is considered one of the most successful bioinsecticides available to control pests in agriculture. Bt strains have been reported as endophyte or rhizospheric bacteria, but little is known about the implications of this property of Bt in crop protection. Here, we review if Bt can establish as an endophyte/rhizobacterium and evaluate if Bt as an endophyte/rhizobacterium can simultaneously act against different phytopathogens (fungi, bacteria, insects and viruses) plus promote plant growth. The implications of the proposed review will broaden our understanding of Bt as a versatile entomopathogen by exhibiting differential behavior depending on context.
Secretory Leucoprotease Inhibitor (SLPI) Promotes Survival during Acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection by Suppression of Inflammation Rather than Microbial Killing
Authors: Osbourn Megan , Rogers Aoife M. , Dubois Alice V. , Small Donna M. , Humphries Fiachra , Delagic Nezira , Moynagh Paul N. , Weldon Sinead , Taggart Clifford C. , Ingram Rebecca J.
Published: October 2022

Secretory leucoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) has multifaceted functions, including inhibition of protease activity, antimicrobial functions, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we show that SLPI plays a role in controlling pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection. Mice lacking SLPI were highly susceptible to P. aeruginosa infection, however had no difference in bacterial burden. Utilising a model of P. aeruginosa LPS-induced lung inflammation, human recombinant SLPI (hrSLPI) administered intraperitoneally suppressed the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and resulted in reduced BALF and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This anti-inflammatory effect of hrSLPI was similarly demonstrated in a systemic inflammation model induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS from various bacteria or lipoteichoic acid, highlighting the broad anti-inflammatory properties of hrSLPI. Moreover, in bone-marrow-derived macrophages, hrSLPI reduced LPS-induced phosphorylation of p-IkB-α, p-IKK-α/β, p-P38, demonstrating that the anti-inflammatory effect of hrSLPI was due to the inhibition of the NFB and MAPK pathways. In conclusion, administration of hrSLPI attenuates excessive inflammatory responses and is therefore, a promising strategy to target inflammatory diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome or sepsis and could potentially be used to augment antibiotic treatment.
Specification and Classification of Pelletised Dried Sewage Sludge: Identifying its Key Properties as a Renewable Material for Enabling Environmentally Non-harmful Energy Utilisation
Authors: Mislej Vesna , Novosel Barbara
Published: October 2022

Renewable active sludge is a smart material for wastewater treatment and the protection of surface water bodies. The generated pellets (dried and pelletised dehydrated anaerobically stabilised excess sludge) are produced in a quantity of 31.4 g ± 5.6 g dry matter (DM) per one Population equivalent calculated to COD (PECOD) in one day. They are the appropriate tools for reaching sustainable development goals (SDGs) in renewable energy production. The specification and classification of pellets as non-hazardous alternative solid recovered fuel (SRF) create a bridge between »treated sewage sludge as the tool to remove pollutants and nutrients from wastewater« and »preparation of the valuable material as an SRF that meets customer-specific requirements«. In the last eleven years, pellets' net calorific value (NCV) is 13.0 ± 0.7 MJ kg-1 as received (ar). In 2021, the 80th percentile of the Hg/NCV ratio was 0.079 mg Hg MJ-1. The halogen contents of the pellets do not threaten corrosion to the incineration facility. Stable pellets' energy potential, perspective ash composition for critical raw materials recovery, and reduction of the annual amount of Hg transferred to stakeholders by 64.3 % m/m - from 10.1 kg in 2010 to 3.67 kg in 2021 - qualify pellets as a specific waste stream and a renewable material for SRF production.
Sliding Mode-based Traction Control System Design for Electric Scooter BLDCM through Field-Oriented Vector Control Approach
Authors: Uyulan Caglar , Arslan Ersen
Published: October 2022

Nowadays brushless DC motors (BLDCMs) are becoming indispensable components as the electrification revolution in the mobility industry is happening. Electric kick scooters, so-called e-scooters, are among these micro-mobility vehicles which are powered by these motors. Due to the uncertain and nonlinear features, the controller performance developed for these motors degrades. For these reasons, a chattering-reduced cascaded Sliding Mode Control (SMC) scheme to effectively track reference motor speed in the outer loop by eliminating torque ripples in the inner loop current control was designed. Field-oriented Control (FOC) methodology was used to implement the SMC in the BLDCM. An exponential reaching law algorithm was proposed for sliding surfaces of the inner and outer loop controllers. The suitability and performance of electric scooter-hub motors were analyzed in terms of traction control. A cascaded speed and torque controller produced significantly favorable results representing minimized torque and current ripples, and operation over a wide speed range.
Hydrophobically Modified Gelatin Particles for Production of Liquid Marbles
Authors: Takei Takayuki , Tomimatsu Rio , Matsumoto Takanori , Sreejith Kamalalayam Rajan , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Yoshida Masahiro
Published: October 2022

The unique properties and morphology of liquid marbles (LMs) make them potentially useful for various applications. Non-edible hydrophobic organic polymer particles are widely used to prepare LMs. It is necessary to increase the variety of LM particles to extend their use into food and pharmaceuticals. Herein, we focus on hydrophobically modified gelatin (HMG) as a base material for the particles. The surface tension of HMG decreased as the length of alkyl chains incorporated into the gelatin and the degree of substitution (DS) of the alkyl chains increased. HMG with a surface tension of less than 37.5 mN/m (determined using equations based on the Young-Dupré equation and Kaelble-Uy theory) successfully formed LMs of water. The minimum surface tension of a liquid in which it was possible to form LMs using HMG particles was approximately 53 mN/m. We also showed that the liquid-over-solid spreading coefficient S_(L/S) is a potential new factor for predicting if particles can form LMs. The HMG particles and the new system for predicting LM formation could expand the use of LMs in food and pharmaceuticals.
Analysis of crystal structure and reflection loss of material based on La0.7Sr0.3Mn1-x(Ni, Ti)x/2O3 (x=0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) applications for microwave absorbers
Authors: Saptari Sitti Ahmiatri , Lathifah Nada Hashida , Tjahjono Arif , Khaerudini Deni Shidqi
Published: October 2022

In this research, structural engineering of lanthanum manganite material based on La0.7Sr0.3Mn1-x(Ni,Ti)x/2O3 (x = 0.1; 0.3 and 0.5) was synthesized using the sol-gel method. The prepared samples were then characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization results obtained a single. Substitution of Ni and Ti ions with a concentration of x = 0.1; 0.3; and 0.5 indicate that the formed sample has a rhombohedral structure with a space group R -3c, the presence of Ni and Ti ion substitution does not cause a change in the structure but there is a change in the lattice parameters and crystal size. Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) characterization in the range of 8 – 12 GHz produces the most optimal reflection loss intensity value of -11.8 dB at an optimal frequency of 10.58 GHz at a concentration of x = 0.5 with the ability to absorb microwaves of 93.39%. Thus the material La0.7Sr0.3Mn1-x(Ni,Ti)x/2O3 (x = 0.1; 0.3 and 0.5) can be used as a microwave absorbent material.
Fully Automated Bead Art Assembly for Smart Manufacturing Using Dynamic Compensation Approach
Authors: Murakami Kenichi , Huang Shouren , Ishikawa Masatoshi , Yamakawa Yuji ,   Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan,   Data Science Research Division, Information Technology Center, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan,   Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan,   Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
Published: October 2022

In this study, we demonstrate the implementation of make-to-order bead art assembly without human intervention using dynamic compensation approach to achieve accurate real-time positioning and long-term adaptation for robotic automation in smart manufacturing. In the proposed framework, an industrial robot was designed to perform coarse global motion to implement low-bandwidth adaptation. Simultaneously, fine local motion to tackle real-time online uncertainties was achieved using an add-on robotic module to implement accurate positioning. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through experimental evaluations.
Development of a Multi-User Remote Video Monitoring System Using a Single Mirror-Drive Pan-Tilt Mechanism
Authors: Wardana Ananta Adhi ,   Smart Robotics Laboratory, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan, Hu Shaopeng , Shimasaki Kohei , Ishii Idaku
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we developed a concept of video monitoring system using a single mirror-drive pan-tilt mechanism. The system provides multiple zoomed videos with controllable viewing angle for each zoomed video and a wide-angle video. The system can be accessed by several users by connecting their personal computer (PC) to the server PC through the network. Every user is granted to change of their respected viewing angle of zoomed videos. The system is suitable for the remote observation deck for sight-seeing purpose. The system is composed of two high-speed cameras with wide-angle and zoomed lens, and a high-speed mirror-drive pan-tilt mechanism. The system implements a convoluted neural network-based (CNN-based) object detection to assist every user client identifying objects appearing on wide-angle and zoomed videos. We demonstrated that our proposed system is capable to provide wide-angle and zoomed videos with CNN-based object detection to four clients, where each client receives a 30 frames per second zoomed video.
An Organizational Approach to Addressing Racism in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Brooks Jaysson T. , Dixon Tonya , Simpson Mason Bonnie , Archdeacon Michael
Published: October 2022

This article highlights the key topics that were presented at a symposium of the American Orthopaedic Association in May 2021, with the primary objectives of acknowledging the existence of systemic racism within the field of orthopaedic surgery, developing a plan for combating racism before it manifests within orthopaedic departments and practices, and understanding the benefit of pipeline programs in diversifying the orthopaedic surgeon workforce. When the word racism is mentioned among a group of orthopaedic surgeons, it may have the immediate effect of stifling honest conversations. Therefore, the crippling effects of racism within orthopaedic surgery are not addressed, and there are downstream effects that influence patient care by perpetuating disparities in health care. If orthopaedic departments want to fix the lack of diversity within the specialty, the magnitude of the problem must first be measured. Fortunately, through the efforts of the J. Robert Gladden Orthopaedic Society, data sets are being created that better measure the diversity of individual orthopaedic residency programs. In addition to hiring diverse faculty, orthopaedic departments and practices should focus on the mentorship, sponsorship, retention, and promotion of these faculty. Finally, pipeline programs such as Nth Dimensions have a proven track record for improving the diversity of the orthopaedic workforce and can serve as the primary mechanism employed by departments and practices in making their orthopaedic surgeon workforce look more like the demographics of the United States.
INCENTIVES, SOCIAL NORMS, AND BUSINESS CYCLE: AN EXAMPLE OF BUSINESS LOANS PROVISION BY ISLAMIC BANKS
Authors: Bhatti M. Ishaq , Basov Suren
Published: October 2022

The interaction of social norms and incentives is a subject of growing interest in economic literature. Basov and Bhatti (2013) pointed out that invoking a social norm is both a blessing, since it allows mitigating moral hazard problem, and a curse, since it restricts the class of admissible contractual arrangements. In this paper, we reiterate this point using particular example of the effects of restrictions imposed on contracts by Shariah law on the optimal risk-incentive trade-off. We show that extra rigidity imposed by Shariah law leads to a greater reluctance to invest into daring new ideas, which are profitable in expectation, but may also result in significant losses. A shared set of social norms between the lender and the entrepreneur allows mitigating adverse consequences of the excess rigidity through creation of good will and may even lead to an improved performance. The adverse consequences may vary according to the stages of business cycle. As a result, recessions can have negative long-term effects and longer booms may be followed by longer recessions. We also hypothesize that turning a social norm into a law will deprive it of the ability to generate good will, while leaving the negative aspects intact. We find a tentative support of this hypothesis by comparing relative performance of Islamic banks in three regions: South East Asia (primarily, Malaysia), Middle East, and the UK.
Stratigraphic analysis of XES02: Implications for the sequence stratigraphic paradigm
Authors: Prather Bradford E. , Falivene Oriol , Burgess Peter M.
Published: October 2022

Sequence stratigraphy has the potential to provide a consistent method for integrating data, correlating strata, defining stratigraphic evolution, and generating quantifiable predictions. However, the consistent application requires a precise definition of concepts, stratigraphic units, bounding surfaces, and workflow. Currently no single generally accepted approach to sequence stratigraphic analysis exists, nor are there any robust tests of models and methods. Applying conventional sequence stratigraphic analysis to strata from an analog laboratory experiment (eXperimental EarthScape02, XES02) with known boundary conditions and chronology provides some initial robust testing of the models and methods. Despite stratigraphic architectures apparently consistent with those expected within the sequence stratigraphic paradigm, blind-test applications yield: 1) deducted erroneous base-level curves, 2) systems-tract classification mismatches, 3) disconnected systems-tracts type and actual base level, 4) time-transgressive basin-floor fans, and 5) missing systems tracts. Stratigraphic forward models using base-level curves derived from Wheeler diagrams cannot match the timing, redeposited-sediment volume, and depositional environments observed in the XES02 experiment. These mismatches result from common Wheeler diagram construction practice, producing poorly resolved base-level minima timing and base-level fall durations, hence inaccurate fall rates. Consequently, reconstructions of controlling factors based on stratal architectures remain uncertain, making predictions similarly uncertain. A reasonable path forward is to properly acknowledge these uncertainties while performing stratigraphic analysis and to address them through multiple scenario analysis and modeling.
The Comparative Study of the Development on Prefabricated Construction
Authors: Gurinovich V. Yu.
Published: October 2022

Prefabricated construction is one of the most intensively developing areas of research in the field of construction and building technology in the world. The results of the scientometric analysis prefabricated construction are presents in this paper. The purpose of the scientometric analysis was to study the directions and effectiveness of research, to determine the leading countries, organizations, scientific journals, to define the level of prefabricated construction in the Republic of Belarus in the context of economically developed countries. The scientometric analysis was carried out in the analytical system SciVal with the use visualization tools, quantitative and qualitative scientometric metrics. Growth of the number of publications in the field of prefabricated construction and indicators of analyzed scientometrics metrics confirms the fact that prefabricated construction attracts more and more researchers all over the world and is a promising direction of scientific research. Determined that design and informational modeling, organization of construction and precast structures production, delivery of structures to the construction site and their assembly, including reliability, efficiency, environmental friendliness of prefabricated construction are main topics in the field of prefabricated construction. At the same time, topics in the field of research of technologies and organization production of reinforced concrete elements in plant, production management are given less attention, which requires further research in these areas. The results of the scientometric analysis allow us to identify trends, determine priority areas for further research and their connection with other fields of science, and can be a scientific basis for identifying data gaps in current research in the field of prefabricated construction.
Groundwater Response to Tide Fluctuation and Rainfall in Coastal Reclamation Area
Authors: Meng Xue , Wang Jinguo , Yang Yun , Yang Lei
Published: October 2022

Land reclamation not only provides valuable space for urban development, but also creates an upper aquifer in fill materials. Analysis of groundwater level (GWL) fluctuations in coastal aquifer formed due to land reclamation can provide important insight into the groundwater system (GWS) evolution, including the connectivity between the GWL and influencing variables (ocean tide and rainfall). This study presents wavelet analysis, multichannel SSA-wavelet analysis (MSSA-WA), and lag correlations to analyze the response of GWL to ocean tide and rainfall in the reclamation area of Zhoushan Island, China. The MSSA-WA results and the lag correlations show that the MSSA-WA provides better analysis results, specifically, clay layer and rainfall filtered information. The influence of the influencing variables on the upper GWL is relatively greater than the clay layer, and rainfall has a relatively stronger impact on GWLs than tides. The GWLs of the upper layer, SW18 and SW21, which are heavily influenced by influencing variables, can be predicted through variations in influencing variables. Finally, the analysis of the results shows that the lithology of different aquifers, offshore distance, preferential flow path, and pressure load can be factors between tides and GWLs. For rainfall and GWLs, different lithology of aquifers, properties of vadose zone, and topography can be influential factors. The combination method provides an optimization method for GWL fluctuations in coastal reclamation area with combined MSSA and wavelet analysis for correlation analysis between GWL and influencing variables (ocean tide and rainfall) and analysis of corresponding causes and influencing factors.
Metamorphic Vanadian–Chromian Spinel (Sludyanka Complex, South Baikal Area). Ferroan Spinel
Authors: Reznitsky L.Z. , Sklyarov E.V. , Barash I.G.
Published: October 2022

—V–Cr-spinel of wide composition range is present as a rock-forming or accessory mineral in parametamorphic rocks of the Sludyanka Complex (South Baikal area, Siberia, Russia). The spinel can be subdivided into two large groups: magnesian spinel and ferroan spinel. In this paper we describe ferroan spinel. It is subdivided into three groups: (1) Zn–V-bearing and vanadian (up to 5 wt.% ZnO and up to 19.5 wt.% V2O3); (2) V-bearing zinc spinel and vanadian zincochromite (up to 6 wt.% V2O3 and 5.0–20.3 wt.% ZnO); and (3) Zn–V spinel and zincochromite (>6 wt.% V2O3 and 5.0–22.2 wt.% ZnO). A separate small group of ferroan spinel is represented by ternary chromite–coulsonite–magnetite solid solution. In addition to the Slyudyanka spinel, we present a summary of metamorphogenic chromium and vanadium spinel from other deposits. The behavior of Cr, V, and Zn in metamorphic and magmatic spinel is discussed.
Liquid Unloading with Multiphase Pumping
Authors: Olson Sven
Published: October 2022

In production of natural gas, often liquids (water and condensate) tend to collect in the production tubing of a typical gas well. Additionally, with horizontal wells stretching thousands of feet the liquids including flow back liquids get trapped in low laying sections and in the toe and heel of the tubing. When the gas flow velocity drops below critical velocity as result of drop in natural pressure, the liquids cannot escape the tubing and finally blocks the gas flow. In typical tight formations the wells natural pressure drops quickly, sometime in just months after start-up. As result the well will shut in or behave erratically with surging and slugging as result. Present methods using plungers, velocity strings, gas lift or ESP's are sometimes inefficient or need low back pressure to work which require blow down tanks, venting or flaring.

Multiphase pumping has taken giant leaps since it was first introduced to the industry in the mid 1990s. The technology has received recognition in supporting oil and gas production from declining assets as well as being a tool to support and enhance the effectiveness of artificial lift systems of different types. Today more than thousand pumps are installed in onshore conventional as well as shale and tight formations, in steam assisted heavy oil production, topsides on platforms and subsea in deep water plays all over the world. From limited size pumps with a few hundred HP to large units with way over thousand HP, now some are in parallel operation to boost an entire oil field. Multiphase pumping has shown to provide great benefits to the operator as a tool for boosting and enhancing recovery from low-pressure reservoirs, minimizing topside facilities and comply with ESG considerations as well as significantly extending and accelerating oil and gas recovery. (Ref 4)

Boosting with multiphase pumps is an efficient tool for continuous plateau production and for transporting the untreated or comingled well flow from the production pad to the process facility. The hydrocarbon production returns are essentially determined by the efficiency and capacity of the artificial lift system. When a surface installed multiphase pump is lowering the tubing and annulus gas pressure, it is possible to make the down-hole pumps, plungers or gas lift work under best possible conditions and thereby improving performance and reliability, which enhance production and the ultimate recovery from the formation.
Iterative Development of a Low Acuity EMS Triage Protocol to Identify Patients Appropriate for Treatment at an Urgent Care Facility.
Authors: Munjal Kevin G. , Jacobs Erica B. , Sanghvi Shreyans , Anderson Laura , Liu Guyu , Redlener Michael , Kong Calvin , Morrison James , Drake Aaran , Belechaw Adam , Chen York , Fierstein Judah , Ngai Ka Ming , Gordon Jennifer , Tan Nadir , Richardson Lynne D.
Published: October 2022

Despite studies suggesting that 15% of patients treated by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) can be effectively managed at alternate destinations, most patients continue to be transported to an Emergency Department (ED). As reliable triage algorithms are lacking, we studied and iterated upon a locally developed protocol to help identify EMS patients that might be appropriate to receive care in an urgent care center (UCC). Eligible patients were those that arrived by 911 EMS and were triaged with an Emergency Severity Index (ESI) of 4 (less urgent) or 5 (non­urgent) from July to August of 2014. Prehospital data was used to determine if patients met protocol selection criteria. In-hospital data such as ED disposition, use of advanced diagnostics and interventions was also gathered. Three independent, blinded physicians determined if cases were appropriate for treatment at an UCC. In this retrospective cohort analysis of 273 low acuity ED patients, 121 (44.32%) patients met protocol selection criteria with 102 (84.30%) being determined to be appropriate for urgent care. Meanwhile, out of 152 patients that did not meet selection criteria, 84 (55.26%) were felt to be treatable at an UCC while the remaining 68 (44.74%) were not. The resulting sensitivity of the alternative destination protocol was 54.8% with a specificity of 78.2%. The positive predictive value was 84.3% and negative predictive value was 44.7%. This was a promising step towards the development of a standardized triage protocol for EMS transport of low acuity patients to alternate destinations, though further study is needed.
Differential Presence of Exons (DPE): Sequencing Liquid Biopsy by NGS. A New Method for Clustering Colorectal Cancer Patients.
Authors: Rubio-Mangas David , García-Arranz Mariano , Torres-Rodriguez Yaima , León-Arellano Miguel , Suela-Rubio Javier , García-Olmo Damián
Published: October 2022

Differential presence of exons (DPE) by next generation sequencing (NGS) is a method of interpretation of whole exome sequencing. This method has been proposed to design a predictive and diagnostic algorithm with clinical value in plasma from patients bearing colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the present study was to determine a common exonic signature to discriminate between different clinical pictures, such as non-metastatic, metastatic and non-disease (healthy), using a sustainable and novel technology in liquid biopsy. Through DPE analysis, we determined the differences in DNA exon levels circulating in plasma between patients bearing CRC vs. healthy, patients bearing CRC metastasis vs. non-metastatic and patients bearing CRC metastasis vs. healthy comparisons. We identified a set of 510 exons (469 up and 41 down) whose differential presence in plasma allowed us to group and classify between the three cohorts. Random forest classification (machine learning) was performed and an estimated out-of-bag (OOB) error rate of 35.9% was obtained and the predictive model had an accuracy of 75% with a confidence interval (CI) of 56.6–88.5. In conclusion, the DPE analysis allowed us to discriminate between different patho-physiological status such as metastatic, non-metastatic and healthy donors. In addition, this analysis allowed us to obtain very significant values with respect to previous published results, since we increased the number of samples in our study. These results suggest that circulating DNA in patient’s plasma may be actively released by cells and may be involved in intercellular communication and, therefore, may play a pivotal role in malignant transformation (genometastasis).
Informed consent in randomised controlled trials: further development and evaluation of the Participatory and Informed Consent (PIC) measure
Authors: Wade Julia , Humphrys Elka , Realpe Alba , Gaunt Daisy , Burt Jenni
Published: October 2022

Background
Informed consent is an accepted ethical and legal prerequisite for trial participation, yet there is no standardised method of assessing patient understanding for informed consent. The Participatory and Informed Consent (PIC) measure was developed for application to recruitment discussions, to evaluate recruiter information provision and evidence of patient understanding. Preliminary evaluation of the PIC indicated the need to improve inter-rater and intra-rater reliability ratings and conduct further psychometric evaluation. This paper describes the assessment, revision and evaluation of the PIC within the context of OPTiMISE, a pragmatic primary care-based trial.
Methods
This study used multiple methods across two phases. In phase one, one researcher applied the existing PIC measure to 18 audio recorded recruitment discussions from the OPTiMISE study and made detailed observational notes about any uncertainties in application. Appointments were sampled to be maximally diverse for patient gender, study centre, recruiter and before and after an intervention to optimise information provision. Application uncertainties were reviewed by the study team, revisions made, and a coding manual developed and agreed. In phase two, the coding manual was used to develop tailored guidelines for applying the PIC to appointments within the OPTiMISE trial. Two researchers then assessed 27 further appointments, purposively sampled as above, to evaluate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability, content validity and feasibility.
Results
Application of the PIC to 18 audio recorded OPTiMISE recruitment discussions resulted in harmonisation of the scales rating recruiter information provision and evidence of patient understanding, minor amendments to clarify wording, and the development of detailed generic coding guidelines for applying the measure within any trial. Application of the revised measure using these guidelines to 27 further recruitment discussions showed good feasibility (time to complete), content validity (completion rate) and reliability (inter- and intra-rater) of the measure.
Conclusion
The PIC provides a means to evaluate the content of information provided by recruiters, patient participation in recruitment discussions and, to some extent, evidence of patient understanding. Future work will use the measure to evaluate recruiter information provision and evidence of patient understanding both across and within trials.
Outcomes of cesarean myomectomy via trans-endometrial approach in women with single intramural fibroid in the posterior uterine wall
Authors: Wang Qi , Lin Jinxiao , Dai Yan
Published: October 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of cesarean myomectomy (CM) via trans-endometrial approach in pregnant women with single intramural fibroid in the posterior uterine wall.
Methods: Ninety-eight patients with single intramural fibroids in the posterior uterine wall who underwent CM were divided into two groups depending on surgical style. The study group consisted of 50 patients who underwent trans-endometrial myomectomy (EM), whereas the control group included 48 patients who had trans-serosal myomectomy (SM). Patients’ demographic data, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.
Results: No significant differences were found in the demographic data, characteristics of fibroids (size, location and pathological type), intraoperative hemorrhage, blood transfusion rate, postoperative fever incidence and postoperative hospitalization between two groups (all p > 0.05). The time of operation and postoperative ventilation in the EM group was shorter than that in the SM group (p<0.05). More importantly, estimated blood loss and postoperative hemoglobin decline were less in the EM group than in the SM group (p<0.05).
Conclusion EM can be considered a viable procedure in CM for single intramural fibroids in posterior wall, with the benefit of shorter operative time ,less intraoperative bleeding and potentially reduced risk of pelvic adhesions.
Arsenic adsorption by functionalized polystyrene microplastics: kinetics and mechanisms
Authors: Mamtimin Xiringvl , Song Wei , Wang Yun , Habibul Nuzahat
Published: October 2022

We investigate adsorption characteristics of As(III) and As(V) onto two different functionalized polystyrene (PS) microplastics (MPs). Our results show that there is the potential for PS MPs to adsorb both As(III) and As(V). Using a particle size of 80–82 nm, maximum As(III) and As(V) adsorption capacities of 0.57 mg/g and 0.37 mg/g were obtained by PS-COOH MPs. These capacities were markedly higher than those for PS-NH2 MPs, which were 0.409 mg/g and 0.27 mg/g, respectively. The pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model indicates that hydrogen binding, hydroxyl complexation and electrostatic forces are the key mechanisms controlling adsorption. Adsorption capacity markedly decreases with increasing salinity or presence of humic acid (HA), suggesting an inhibiting effect of salinity and HA through outer-sphere complexation. These findings confirm that microplastics have great potential to adsorb As and hence are ultimately highly likely to affect the environmental behavior of As in an ecosystem.
Caesarean scar pregnancy - Is there a light in the end of the tunnel?
Authors: Shiber Yair , Maymon Ron , Gal-Kochav Maayan , Kugler Nadav , Pekar-Zlotin Marina , Smorgick Noam , Vaknin Zvi
Published: October 2022

Purpose: to summarize and present a single tertiary center’s 25 years of experience managing patients with caesarean scar pregnancies and their long term reproductive and obstetric outcomes.
Methods: A 25-year retrospective study included women diagnosed with CSP from 1996 to 2020 in one tertiary center. Data were retrieved from the medical records and through a telephone interview. Diagnosis was made by sonography and color Doppler. Treatments included methotrexate, suction curettage, hysteroscopy, embolization and wedge resection by laparoscopy or laparotomy as a function of the clinical manifestations, the physicians’ decisions, patient counseling, and parental requests.
Results: Analysis of the records recovered 60 cases of CSP (two of whom were recurrent). All patients had complete resolution with no indication for hysterectomy. Thirty-five patients had a long-term follow-up, of whom 24 (68.6%) attempted to conceive again and 22 (91.6%) succeeded. There were 17/22 (77.3%) patients with at least one live birth, 3/22 (13.6%) spontaneous miscarriages and 2/22 (9%) recurrent CSP. The obstetric complications included abnormal placentation 5/19 (26.3%), premature rupture of membranes 2/19 (10.5%), preterm delivery 4/19 (21%) and abnormality of the uterine scar 2/19 (10.5%). There was one case of neonatal death due to complications of prematurity 1/19 (5.2%).
Conclusion: CSP treatment focusing on reducing morbidity and preserving fertility has favorable long term reproductive and obstetric outcomes. In subsequent pregnancies, we recommend performing an early first trimester vaginal scan to map the location of the new pregnancy, followed by close monitoring given the obstetric complications mentioned above.
Factors associated with the grief among family caregivers of patients with dementia in China
Authors: WU JUNXIAN , SHEN QIN , LIU YU JING , XU YU , CHEN YUANYUAN
Published: October 2022

The current study aimed to investigate the influencing factors of grief in family caregivers of patients with dementia in China. In this cross-sectional study, 202 patients with dementia and their family caregivers were surveyed with demographic questionnaire, Caregiver Burden Inventory, Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire, and Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory Short Form. Through multivariate linear regression analysis, we identified the influencing factors of grief. Our results showed that the scores of caregiver grief were 59.46(SD=21.10); most family caregivers experienced grief; gender of caregivers, co-residency with the patient, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and caregiver burden were the main factors associated with caregiver grief; and male and female caregivers experienced different types of caregiver burden. Future research will target nursing interventions and community services to reduce the burden and grief of caregivers of patients with dementia.
Tryptase β regulation of joint lubrication and inflammation via proteoglycan-4 in osteoarthritis
Authors: Dufour Antoine , Das Nabangshu , de Almeida Luiz , Derakhshani Afshin , Young Daniel , Salo Paul , Rezansoff Alexander , Jay Gregory , Sommerhoff Christian , Schmidt Tannin , Krawetz Roman
Published: October 2022

Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) is an extracellular matrix protein that maintains homeostasis through its boundary lubricating and anti-inflammatory properties. Altered expression and function of PRG4 have been associated with joint inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). We found that mast cell tryptase β cleaves PRG4 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was confirmed by silver stain gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Tryptase-treated PRG4 resulted in a reduction of lubrication. Compared to full-length, cleaved PRG4 was shown to further activate NF-κB expression in cells overexpressing TLR2, -4, and − 5. In the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model of OA in rat, tryptase β and PRG4 colocalized at the site of injury in knee cartilage and were associated with disease severity. Human primary synovial fibroblasts from OA patients or non-OA healthy subjects treated with tryptase β and/or PRG4 were subjected to a quantitative shotgun proteomics and proteome changes were characterized, further supporting the role of NF-κB activation. We identified tryptase β as a modulator of joint lubrication in OA via the cleavage of PRG4.
A stability observer for human-robot and environment-robot interaction with variable admittance control
Authors: Wang Longxiang , Chen Chin-Yin , Wang Chongchong , Ying Kaichen , Li Yanbiao , Yang Guilin
Published: October 2022

When interacting with the environment or human, the robot is prone to unstable oscillation if the stiffness of the environment or human increases suddenly. In human-robot interaction, traditional frequency-based stability observers are easily impacted by the high-frequency signal noises or filter phase error, which may cause misdiagnosis. In environment-robot interaction, adaptive algorithm keeps the contact force stable by identifying the environmental stiffness, but the varying environmental stiffness may cause the failure of the adaptive algorithm. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved observer using the ratio of the force standard deviation to the maximum allowable force to eliminate the effect of high-frequency noises and alleviate the misdiagnosis. Moreover, we use the designed stability observer to monitor the interaction forces in real time and ensure the stable operation of the adaptive algorithm by updating the initial environmental stiffness. And we design a variable admittance control algorithm based on the stability observer to ensure the stability of the interaction. The final experimental results show that the stability observer and the corresponding control algorithm designed in this paper have better accuracy and robustness in human-robot and environment-robot interaction.
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Pilot Trial of Low-intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Therapy for Refractory Angina Pectoris
Authors: Shindo Tomohiko , Ito Kenta , Ogata Tsuyoshi , Kurosawa Ryo , Eguchi Kumiko , Kagaya Yuta , Hanawa Kenichiro , Hasebe Yuhi , Nishimiya Kensuke , Shiroto Takashi , Takahashi Jun , Okumura Yasuo , Noguchi Teruo , Ozaki Yukio , Daida Hiroyuki , Hagiwara Nobuhisa , Masuyama Tohru , Chikamori Taishiro , Fukumoto Yoshihiro , Tsujita Kenichi , Kanai Hiroshi , Yasuda Satoshi , Shimokawa Hiroaki
Published: October 2022

Despite the advances in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, effective treatment remains to be established to improve the quality of life of patients with chronic coronary syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) therapy, which we have developed as a novel non-invasive angiogenic therapy. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (RCT) pilot trial of the LIPUS therapy for patients with refractory angina pectoris without indication for PCI or CABG despite optimal medical therapy. The primary endpoint, the changes in weekly use of nitroglycerin were comparable; -3.06 (95% CI: -4.481 to -1.648) in the LIPUS group and − 3.10 (95% CI: -4.848 to -1.356) in the placebo group (both P < 0.01). In the present study, the LIPUS therapy did not further ameliorate chest pain as compared with optimal medications alone in patients with refractory angina pectoris (Registration ID: UMIN000012369).
The legacy of one hundred years of climate change for organic carbon stocks in global agricultural topsoils
Authors: Poeplau Christopher , Dechow Rene
Published: October 2022

Soil organic carbon (SOC) of agricultural soils is observed to decline in many parts of the world. For tearing apart management and climate change effects, the latter needs to be estimated comprehensively. In this study, an established FAO framework was used to model global agricultural topsoil SOC stock dynamics from 1919 to 2018 as attributable to climate change. On average, global agricultural topsoils lost 2.5±2.3 Mg C ha-1 with constant net primary production (NPP) or 1.6±3.4 Mg C ha-1 when NPP was modified by temperature and precipitation. Regional variability could be explained by the complex patterns of changes in temperature and moisture, as well as initial SOC stocks. However, average SOC losses have been an intrinsic and persistent feature of climate change in all climatic zones. This needs to be taken into consideration in reporting or accounting frameworks and halted in order to mitigate climate change and secure soil health.
Are B12 and B9 Deficiencies Independently Linked to Cardiovascular Biomarkers? Insights from a Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Ghayad Jean Pierre , Barakett-Hamadé Vanda , Sleilaty Ghassan
Published: October 2022

Backgrounds/Objectives:
The effect of cobalamin and folate deficiency on cardiovascular disease is still unclear. We assessed the association of cobalamin and folate deficiency on lipidic and non-lipidic markers of cardiovascular disease in a large laboratory database.
Subjects/Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study on a large database of a tertiary hospital’s laboratory information system between 2017 and 2022. The study included laboratory data of Lebanese outpatients and cardiology inpatients. The following biological assays on serum were used: cobalamin, folate, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, glycated hemoglobin, ferritin, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, uric acid and homocysteine. Age, gender and a surrogate for cardiovascular disease were also used. Odds ratios adjusted for age, gender, inflammatory biomarkers and vitaminic status were derived using separate logistic regression models.
Results:
A total of 20,836 observations were included, of which 2.0% presented clinical cobalamin deficiency. The effect of cobalamin and folate deficiencies, while significantly affected cardiovascular biomarkers in univariate analyses, disappeared after adjusting on age, gender and inflammation biomarkers.
Conclusion:
In this exploratory analysis, cobalamin and folate deficiencies were not significantly associated with abnormal lipid values and non-lipidic markers of cardiovascular disease.