bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Better Barley Yield at Hankomolicha Sidama Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Yacob Abreham
Published: December 2024

Soil acidity is one of the major yields limiting factors for crop production in the Southren of Sidama Region, Ethiopia. A study experiment was done on acid soils to assess the ameliorating capacity of lime when applied in split application and its effects on Barley yield and selected soil properties in the study area. And The treatment was arranged five levels of lime such as control (T1):(without any input), (T2):(25% of the full dose of lime, 25% of the dose applied in the first year, 25% in the second year, 25% in the third year and the rest 25% in the (T3) 33% of the dose applied in the first year, 33% in the second year and the rest 33% in the third year, (T4) 50% of the dose applied in the first year and the rest 50% in the second year, (T5) 100% of the Full dose of lime apply on each treatment based on the experimental objectives, and laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Lime requirement was determined based on exchangeable acidity of the soil. Soil analysis revealed that split lime application at different year raised soil pH from 4.73 to 5.07 and reduced the exchangeable acidity from 1.09 - 0.74 cmolc/kg of soil. Likewise yield of Barley was significantly affected by the treatments. In order to reduce the large amounts of lime at once, split application of lime also gave similar higher yield of Barley as that of at 33% of the full dose split lime application. However, for sustainable and drastically increments of productivity of barley production in Hankomolicha southern Ethiopia. 33% of the full dose of split lime application had shown positive response on soil reaction and Exchangeable acidity. Therefore, application of lime at once is un-affordable due to large amounts required per hectare of land and split application of lime could be considered as an alternative option for poor resource farmers for sustainable soil health and crop productivity.
Phytochemical Study and Effects of Anticoccidian Treatment of Carica Papaya L. Seed on Biochemical Parameters and Carcass in Sasso Broilers
Authors: Wampah Komlan , Novidzro Kosi , Melila Mamatchi , Kulo Abalo
Published: December 2024

Coccidiosis is one of the dreaded pathologies that ruin poultry, causing enormous economic losses for poultry farmers. Chemotherapy control has some challenges, including bioresistance developed by coccidia and the presence of harmful residues in egg products. There is the question to know whether there is an effective, natural-originated, and less expensive substitute to replace synthetic anticoccidial products. The current study proposed to evaluate the anticoccidial effects of papaya seed powder on biochemical parameters in poultry. Six hundred (600) day-old chicks, of Sasso breed and broiler type, were divided into four batches noted: untreated batch, T-; treated batch with amprolium (20%), T+; then P1 and P2 batches, treated with 5% of papaya seed powder, incorporated into the feed, respectively for one and two days per month. The secondary metabolites contained in papaya seed powder have been identified by applying general methods described in the literature. Biochemical parameter assays in serum, recovered by centrifugation of blood collected from birds, were performed using enzymatic colorimetry methods with Mindray BS/China biochemical analyzer system. The results revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids, which are the main secondary metabolites known for their proven anticoccidial properties. In addition, values of number of eggs per gram (EPG) reduction rate compared to T- batch are 70.60%, 76.92%, 88.16%, respectively in batches P1, P2 and T+. Shortly, papaya seed powder incorporation into the feed leads to lower levels of urea and AST, but an increase in albumin in Sasso broilers. Anticoccidial treatment with Carica papaya seed powder (5%) has almost the same anticoccidial efficiency as amprolium (20%) and had no adverse effect on poultry. However, the effect of the seed on organoleptic properties of the meats can be investigated to determine their degree of acceptability among consumers.
Influence of Language Skills on Biology Instructional Process in Secondary Schools in Kenya
Authors: Naomi Mukiri , John Ogembo , Susan Kinyua
Published: December 2024

Biology as a core science subject enables learners to conceptualize fundamental concepts such as genetics, evolution and cellular processes that underpin all living entities. Biological knowledge is also applied in addressing global challenges in fields such as medicine, agriculture and biotechnology. However, despite its significance, there has been a dismal performance in Biology in the country and Imenti-Central Sub-county for the last five years. Student performance in the subject not only depends on content mastery but also on language proficiency. Language serves as a primary medium for communicating the subject matter making good language skills essential for comprehension and expression of Biological content. However, minimal research has been conducted on the influence of language skills on Biology instructional process thus the need to undertake this study. The study investigated the influence of language skills on Biology instructional process in secondary schools in Imenti-Central Sub-county, Meru County, Kenya. A descriptive research design was adopted for data collection and analysis. The study sampled 352 participants from a population of 2950 participants using Yamane’s formula. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically while quantitative data was analyzed descriptively using percentages and frequencies and inferentially using Chi-square test with the aid of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26 computer software. Findings indicated that language skills had a significant influence on Biology instructional process. Students’ language skills were therefore essential for effective Biology instruction. Based on the findings, the study recommended establishment of language development activities to enhance students’ language skills and varied teaching methods to demystify complex Biological terms.
Optimum Determination of NPSB Fertilizer Rates on Bread Wheat (Triticum asetivum.L) Varieties at Degam District of North Shewa Zone, Oromia
Authors: Feyisa Abreham , Alemayehu Yibekal
Published: December 2024

The field experiment was conducted at Degam district during main cropping season to investigate the response of bread wheat varieties to NPSB fertilizer rates and identify its economic benefit. Factorial combination of three improved bread wheat varieties (Danda’a, Hidase and Kakaba) and six fertilizer rates [Control, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer each supplemented with 92 kg N ha-1 and 64/20 kg NP ha-1 (Blanket recommendation) were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest NKS (54.9), AGBM (13.8 tons ha-1), SY (9.4 tons ha-1) and GY (4549kg ha-1) were recorded from 200 kg NPSB fertilizer. Among the varieties the highest NKS (54.3) from Danda’a, TKW (49.3 g) and GY (3351kg ha-1) were recorded from Hidase variety. Variety Kakaba score the highest PH (102.5 cm) and PNT (5 per plant) with combination of 200 kg and 150 kg NPSB fertilizer respectively and reached days to heading and maturity earlier than Danda’a and Hidase. In general, the economic feasibility of the fertilizer over varieties combination indicated that application of 200 kg NPSB ha-1to all varieties Hidase, Danda’a and Kakaba resulted in maximum marginal rates of return 640.14 %, 604.81% and 481.47%, with a net benefit of 97993, 88596, and 82996 ETB respectively. Although, application of 200 kg NPSB ha-1 led to the highest MRR for the Hidase variety as compared to all other treatments and with about a total of 9397 ETB net benefit increment. Therefore, application of 200 kg of NPSB in supplement of 92 kg N ha-1 fertilizer with Hidase variety was the best producing economically profitable with acceptable grain yield.
Physicochemical Characterization of Non-Wood Forest Product Oils: Towards a Strategic Positioning in Agroforestry
Authors: Diakaridja Nikiema , Ouehi Dosso , Fatimata Nea , Éric Lacroux , Valentin Romain , Muriel Cerny , Zéphirin Mouloungui , Koua Koua
Published: December 2024

NTFPs play a crucial role in local ecosystems and economies, especially in rural areas where they are an important source of income and food security. The main objective of the study is to characterize the physicochemical properties of oils from these NTFPs in order to better understand their economic, food and industrial potential. This includes the analysis of fatty acids, minor compounds, as well as functional properties such as acidity, saponification index and iodine. The kernels of the NTFPs studied are rich in proteins with contents of 18.9% for Blighia sapida, 21% for chrysophyllum albidum, 22.5% for carapa procera and 18.9% for Tieghemella heckelii. In addition, these almonds are rich in oil with a content of 47.7% Tieghemella heckelii, 52.2%, Blighia sapida, 52% Chrysophyllum albidum and 54% carapa procera. These plants are oilseeds. These lipids have low acidity levels varying between 1.2 ± 0.2 to 2.6 ± 0.3%. The iodine values of the oil are 73.1 ±0.4 for Chrysophyllum albidum, 70 ± 0.3 for Carapa procera, 93.2±0.5, for Blighia sapida and 91.7 ±0.2 Tieghemella heckelii. Regarding the saponification indices the values found are 193.7±0.8 for Blighia sapida, 189.4±0.7 mgKOH/g for Carapa procera, 154.6±0.2 for Chrysophyllum albidum and 147.3 ± 0.5 for Tieghemella heckelii. The saponification indices are between 147.3 ± 0.5 to 193.7 ± 0.8. The analysis of the composition of free fatty acids showed that Tieghemella heckelii oil is mainly composed of oleic acid at 53.6±0.1 and stearic acid at 38.5±0.3. Blighia sapida oil's major compounds are oleic acid (54.6±0.1%), palmitic acid (24.2±0.2%) and stearic acid (16.4±0.0 %). Carapa procera oil is mainly composed of oleic acid at 50.7±0.0%, palmitic acid at 23±0.1%, linoleic acid at 11±0.0% and stearic acid 10.4±0.1%. As for Chrysophyllum albidum oil, it is mainly composed of oleic acid at 47.6±0.3% and α-linolenic acid 17.8±0.1%. The results show that β-sitosterol and γ-tocopherol constitute the major compounds in all the oils studied. The results show that NTFP oils can be a sustainable alternative to conventional oils, making them attractive for growing sectors, particularly those linked to sustainable development. Thus, this study makes a significant contribution to the promotion of NTFPs with a view to economic and environmental sustainability, while highlighting their potential role in the development of modern agroforestry.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Studies, Thermal Stability and Crystal Structure of New Bidentate Schiff Base and Its Cadmium Complex
Authors: Diop Aboubacar , Diop Tidiane , Ndoye Daouda , Seye Dame , Tinnemans Paul , Diop Cheikh
Published: December 2024

A new asymmetric bidentate Schiff base ligand was synthesized from a condensation reaction between 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde (C7H4Cl2O) and 1,3-pentanediamine (C5H14N2). A cadmium complex was prepared by adding Cd(II) iodide dissolved in methanol to a methanolic solution of the Schiff base ligand, in a ratio of 1:1. The ligand was characterized by elemental, spectroscopic (IR, 1H NMR), and thermogravimetric analyses. The ligand structure, thermally very stable, is revealed to be bidentate with two potential N-donor sites. The crystal structure of the Schiff base was elucidated by X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound crystallizes in a monoclinic system with a space group P21/n and a number of units per unit cell Z = 4. The unit cell parameters are: a =7.3885(2), b =16.9332 (4), c = 15.5624(4), and β = 90.4306(10). In the asymmetric unit of the ligand, the benzene rings C08/C10/C09/C11/C21/C17 and C20/C15/C13/C18/C22/C24 are in trans position with the aliphatic group with respect to the bonds (C07-N05) and (C19-N06), respectively. In addition, these two aromatic rings are located in two different planes, forming an angle of 3.60º between them, given that the dihedral angle between the ring C08/C10/C09/C11/C21/C17 and the aliphatic group N05-N06 is 67.49º. The spectroscopic data of the complex reveals a mononuclear complex where the Cd(II) ion is housed in a N2I2 coordination site with a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry. The conductance data indicate that the complex is a neutral electrolyte.
Can Ingredients-Based Forecasting Be Learned? Disentangling a Random Forest’s Severe Weather Predictions
Authors: Mazurek Alexandra C. , Hill Aaron J. , Schumacher Russ S. , McDaniel Hanna J.
Published: December 2024

Machine learning (ML)–based models have been rapidly integrated into forecast practices across the weather forecasting community in recent years. While ML tools introduce additional data to forecasting operations, there is a need for explainability to be available alongside the model output such that the guidance can be transparent and trustworthy for the forecaster. This work makes use of the algorithm tree interpreter (TI) to disaggregate the contributions of meteorological features used in the Colorado State University Machine Learning Probabilities (CSU-MLP) system, a random forest–based ML tool that produces real-time probabilistic forecasts for severe weather using inputs from the Global Ensemble Forecast System. TI feature contributions are analyzed in time and space for CSU-MLP day 2 and day 3 individual hazard (tornado, wind, and hail) forecasts and day 4 aggregate severe forecasts over a 2-yr period. For individual forecast periods, this work demonstrates that feature contributions derived from TI can be interpreted in an ingredients-based sense, effectively making the CSU-MLP physically interpretable. When investigated in an aggregate sense, TI illustrates that the CSU-MLP system’s predictions use meteorological inputs in ways that are consistent with the spatiotemporal patterns seen in meteorological fields that pertain to severe storm climatology. A discussion on how these insights could benefit forecast operations more broadly is also provided.

Significance Statement

Machine learning tools are becoming more common in weather forecasting settings, and there is a need to provide information to meteorologists on how machine learning models make their predictions in real time. Severe weather forecasts made by an operational machine learning model are deconstructed into meteorological components in a way that offers physically insightful context to the model’s predictions. The results show that the machine learning model uses the input meteorological fields to make predictions that resemble various aspects of severe storm climatology and environments. This work presents an avenue for using explainable artificial intelligence in operational weather forecasting by illustrating a method that could provide trust, transparency, and confidence in machine learning–based forecast guidance.
The Consequences of Electoral Uncertainty in Foreign Policy-Making: The Use of Diversionary Sanctions
Authors: Shmuel Assaf
Published: December 2024

This article sheds light on the consequences of electoral uncertainty, and specifically, its effects on leaders’ actions. When leaders run for re-election, they may be prone to take advantage of their power for electoral benefits. I hypothesize that while popular incumbents tend to avoid risky actions while nearing elections since their electoral prospects are already favourable, unpopular leaders are more likely to take risks in the hope of boosting their public support. I begin by analyzing approval volatility, estimating the extent of variation in approval rates in the absence of foreign policy actions. Utilizing a data set that links public opinion data with various foreign policy actions, I evaluate the anticipated changes in approval following threats, the use of force, and the imposition of economic sanctions. Tying these “rally-’round-the-flag” effects to pre-election periods, I find strong evidence for my hypotheses. The findings underscore the significant influence of domestic electoral considerations on foreign policy decisions.
Design and manufacture of long fiber thermoplastic composite frost plate for water meter protection
Authors: Ge Jun , Johnson Cody , Yan Yongzhe , Shih Yu-Chao , Sun Shuo , Boykin Karen , Bonner Jonathan , Pillay Selvum , Ning Haibin
Published: December 2024

Long fiber thermoplastics (LFT) composites have been increasingly used in various applications because they possess great mechanical properties and excellent processability. Other advantages of using LFT composites include low cost and exceptional corrosion resistance, enabling them to be candidates for corrosion-prone applications. This work focuses on the design, validation, and prototyping of a water meter frost plate using long glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites. Before prototyping, the LFT composite frost plates were modeled with finite element analysis for iteration and evaluation. The deflection and stresses responses under normal and freezing operation conditions were simulated to validate the functionalities of a slip-on feature, resistance to nominal water pressure, and self-sacrifice capability. After validation of the functionality of self-sacrifice and protection of the water meter, frost plates were prototyped with an extrusion compression molding process using LFT glass fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (glass/PPS) and LFT glass fiber reinforced nylon 66 (glass/nylon 66). The molded LFT composite frost plate was tested in normal and frozen operation conditions to evaluate its performance. It was found that the designed frost plate was able to prevent water leakage from normal water pressure and protect the water meter as designed by fracturing at the bolt area when the water freezes. The fracture location matched well with the maximum stresses observed from the modeling result. It is concluded that LFT composites can be an alternative material to replace the metallic counterpart to provide protection for the water meter during freezing conditions.
The pace of change - the breakneck speed of industrial relations law reform since 2022
Authors: Searle Hon. Adam
Published: December 2024

The election of Labor Governments nationally and in New South Wales (NSW), after nine and twelve years in opposition respectively, have seen the rapid implementation of ‘interesting and critical developments in Australian industrial relations’ in both spheres. Leaving aside the usual hyperbole displayed by both supporters and opponents of industrial relations law reform generally, the changes that have been made by each of the Albanese and Minns Labor Governments have been, on any measure, highly significant. The rapid pace at which those changes have been made is also noteworthy. At the Federal level, they arguably constitute more significant changes to the industrial relations framework than the original enactment of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) (‘FWA’). The reforms in NSW are, so far, more in the nature of a restoration of the model in the Industrial Relations Act 1996 (NSW) (‘the IRA’).
Association of pulmonary artery capacitance with long-term outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: Hsieh Shu-Yun , Yeh Jih-Kai , Huang Yu-Chang , Chen Dong-Yi , Ho Ming-Yun , Chen Chun-Chi , Hsieh I-Chang , Hsieh Ming-Jer
Published: December 2024

Objective

Hemodynamic monitoring via right heart catheterization (RHC) is critical for managing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with heart failure or cardiogenic shock. However, the prognostic value of RHC-derived hemodynamic indices in ACS patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) but without heart failure or shock remains uncertain.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study included 1151 consecutive ACS patients who underwent RHC during hospitalization from 2007 to 2016. After excluding patients with shock, pulmonary edema, and severe valvular disease, 750 ACS patients with LVSD and ejection fraction < 50% were analyzed. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality, were followed for five years. Cox regression identified predictors of MACEs, adjusting for comorbidities, treatments, and hemodynamic indices, including pulmonary arterial capacitance (PAC).

Results

After a mean follow-up of 4.0 ± 1.7 years, 113 (15.1%) patients experienced MACEs. Multivariate analysis showed that independent predictors included prior stroke, calcified coronary lesions, and PAC. Patients in the lowest PAC tertile (≤2.89 ml/mmHg) had significantly higher risks of myocardial infarction (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 3.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–9.07; p = .003), all-cause mortality (adjusted HR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.27–5.10; p = .008), and MACEs (adjusted HR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.25–4.42; p = .008) compared to those in the highest tertile (>4.43 ml/mmHg).

Discussion

The study demonstrated that PAC is a notably strong hemodynamic parameter with independent long-term prognostic value in ACS patients with LVSD, who do not present with shock or heart failure. This is the first study to establish the prognostic significance of hemodynamic indices obtained from RHC in this population, extending the clinical relevance of RHC from high-risk to intermediate-risk ACS populations.

Conclusions

The use of RHC to assess hemodynamic indices, including PAC, during index hospitalization in this population may enhance long-term risk stratification and improve outcome prediction.
Enhancing the quality and consumer satisfaction of dragon fruit beverage production: The effects of geological origin and processing conditions
Authors: Pham Thinh Van , Cao Thuy Xuan , Le Ngoc Thi Hong , Pham Ai Minh , Trinh Hung Tuan , Nguyen Dat Tien , Hoang Anh Le Tuan , Bui Minh Quang , Nguyen Tung Ngoc , Truong Minh Ngoc , Hoang Tao Minh
Published: December 2024

Objectives

In this study, the impacts of various processing parameters on the quality and consumer satisfaction of dragon fruit beverages were investigated in order to establish an informative framework for the manufacturing of commercial dragon fruit beverages, focusing on health benefits and safety for consumers, and sensory appeal of the products.

Methods

This study employed various analytical methods to quantify some important phytochemical compounds in dragon fruit juice such as total and reducing sugars, vitamin C, betacyanins, anthocyanins, polyphenol, and so forth. This study also employed the Box–Behnken response surface experimental design to optimize various processing parameters for quality and consumer satisfaction, which include enzymatic pectin hydrolysis parameters and formulation for dragon fruit energy drink.

Results

The results from this study indicated a causal relationship between geological origin and some important characteristics of dragon fruit juice, emphasizing the need to track the source of fruits to ensure consistent quality of juice products. This study also systematically determined the impacts of various enzymatic hydrolysis, thermal sterilization, and formulation parameters on both nutrition content and sensory aspects of dragon fruit beverages, while also successfully optimized these parameters for the best outcomes.

Conclusion

This study had successfully achieved the objective of establishing a valuable framework for the manufacturing of commercial dragon fruit beverages, focusing on health benefits and safety for consumers, and sensory appeal of the products.
Optimization algorithm of association rule mining for heavy-haul railway freight train fault data based on distributed parallel computing
Authors: Bai Yanhui , Li Honghui , Wang Wengang , Liu Shufang , Zhang Ning , Zhang Chun
Published: December 2024

With the continuous improvement in the efficiency of the heavy-haul railway freight transportation, the pressure on on-site maintenance is increasing. In-depth research on fault characteristics carries significant importance for fault scientific judgment and fault prevention. This study proposes an efficient association rule mining (ARM) algorithm, HM-RDHP, for analyzing fault data from heavy-haul railway freight trains. The algorithm introduces distributed parallel computing technology, integrating the MapReduce framework and HBase on the Hadoop platform to process large volumes of complex fault data efficiently. Experimental results show that the HM-RDHP algorithm can efficiently uncover hidden patterns and associations within the fault data of heavy-haul railway freight trains. The mined association rules provide a valuable reference model to aid in predictive maintenance and fault prevention strategies for freight train maintenance departments.
Perceptions of digitally supported home exercise for people with Parkinson's disease: A qualitative study
Authors: Sedhed Jenny , Johansson Hanna , Åkesson Elisabet , Franzén Erika , Leavy Breiffni
Published: December 2024

Background

Digitally supported home exercise offers the potential to expand accessibility to rehabilitation. However, little is known about how people with Parkinson's disease experience performing home exercise programs using digital delivery.

Objective

To explore and describe how people with Parkinson's disease perceive digital home-based exercise that is not supported in real-time, and how it affected their everyday lives.

Methods

This study was qualitative in nature, using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. In-depth, individual, semi-structured interviews were held with 14 participants with Parkinson's disease.

Results

Two overarching themes were formed: “Active agency in the face of uncertainty” and “The home – safe space or disability on display”. The overarching themes were formed by four themes: 1) resisting the disease - a hope and a burden, 2) interpreting mixed messages, 3) home exercise – consideration and responsibility, and 4) the social context - judgement and support. Participants with Parkinson's disease believe that home exercise enables them to actively counter the disease, and this belief serves as both a source of hope but also a burden. Although perceived as advantageous, digitally supported home exercise may also incur becoming vulnerable to exposing one's disability.

Conclusions

People with Parkinson's disease struggle to reconcile their beliefs about exercise with that which is encouraged or discouraged by those around them. Exercise in the home involves a dynamic interplay between achieving self-directed goals while trying to balance social consideration and maintaining integrity of identity.
Reducing Chest Compression Pauses During Pediatric ECPR
Authors: Insley Elena M. , Geneslaw Andrew S. , Choudhury Tarif A. , Sen Anita I.
Published: December 2024

Objective: To quantify chest compression (CC) pauses during pediatric ECPR (CPR incorporating ECMO) and implement sustainable quality improvement (QI) initiatives to reduce CC pauses during ECMO cannulation. Methods: We retrospectively identified baseline CC pause characteristics during pediatric ECPR events (pre-intervention), deployed QI interventions to reduce CC pause length, and then prospectively quantified CC pause metrics post-QI interventions (post-intervention). Data were gathered from a single center review of CC-pause characteristics in children less than 18 years old with a PICU ECPR arrest. QI Interventions included: (1) sharing baseline CC data with ECPR stakeholders, (2) establishing consensus among providers regarding areas for improvement, and (3) creating a communication aid to encourage counting CC pauses out loud. Multidisciplinary ECPR simulations allowed for practice of these skills. Using telemetry data, CC pause metrics were analyzed in the medical (CPR before cannulation) and surgical (CPR during ECMO cannulation, demarcated by the sterile draping of the patient) phases of ECPR, pre- and post-intervention. Results: Pre-intervention, 11 ECPR events (5 central cannulation, 6 peripheral cannulation) met inclusion criteria compared with 14 ECPR events (2 central, 12 peripheral) post-intervention. Pre-intervention analysis identified longer CC pauses and lower chest compression fraction (CCF) during the surgical versus medical phase of ECPR. Compared to pre-intervention data, CCF during the surgical phase of ECPR improved from 66% to 81% (73-85%) post-intervention ( P = .02). Median CC pause length was significantly reduced from 20 s pre-intervention to 10.5 (9-13) seconds post-intervention ( P = .01). There was no change in the surgical phase of ECPR duration (44 min pre- vs 41 min post-intervention, P = .8) or survival to hospital discharge (45% vs 21%, P = .4). Conclusion: Simple and feasible communication interventions during ECPR can minimize CC pauses, increase CCF and improve CPR quality without prolonging the time needed for ECMO cannulation.
Precision machining of DMLS Cu electrodes via WEDM: Parameter optimization and predictive modelling for enhanced performance
Authors: Senthilkumar Thangarajan Sivasankaran , Sridharan Mohan , Muralikannan Rengarajan , Rathinavel Subbiah , Senthil Kumar Shanmugakani
Published: December 2024

This study discusses the machinability analysis of copper (Cu) electrodes that are manufactured through direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), an additive manufacturing (AM) process to produce parts that are conductive. This investigation gives the impact of wire electrical machining parameters like peak current, pulse on time and gap voltage over the material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR), and kerf width (KW). The wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process is employed on DMLS Cu electrode using Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array design. Due to a high peak current, gap voltage, and pulse on time, a high heat energy and sparking frequency is produced, thereby it increases the MRR of DMLS Cu electrodes in WEDM process. Adversely at high peak current, high thermal loading occurs and thus discharge energy increases, leading to an increased KW. This KW first rises to a certain extent and then drops down as the gap voltage is increase. In order to achieve greater MRR, lower KW, and enhanced SR, grey relational analysis (GRA) was used to establish the ideal combination of parameters: gap voltage = 40 V, peak current = 5 A, and pulse on-time = 16 µs. Furthermore, an impressive 99.85% accuracy rate was achieved in predicting WEDM responses using a 3-27-3 artificial neural network (ANN). All things considered, this work gives insightful information about the machinability of DMLS Cu electrodes and suggests improvements for the EDM procedure.
Exploring cutting parameters for enhanced performance in abrasive water jet machining of Al 6061 hybrid nanocomposite
Authors: Prathap Singh Sundar , Elil Raja Dhanigaivel , Ananthapadmanaban Dattaguru , Vinoth Babu Komparajan
Published: December 2024

In this study, an investigation was accomplished to optimize the cutting variables of abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) of aluminum (Al) Al 6061 alloy reinforced with 0.6 wt.% silicon carbide (SiC) and 0.2 wt.% boron carbide (B4C) hybrid nano metal matrix composite (MMC) using ultrasonic assisted stir casting methodology. The physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties were examined, and the addition of nanoparticles increased the density of the Al 6061 alloy to 2.698 g/cm³. The Vicker's microhardness evaluation showed 63.795 HV, which is 18% higher than the Al 6061 alloy. The metallurgical examination confirmed the even dissemination of SiC and B4C nanoparticles. Taguchi's methodology was employed to investigate the impact of a mixture of water and abrasive jet pressure, the nozzle's traverse speed, and the abrasive size on machining attributes such as material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness. According to the experimental investigations of MRR, the cutting variable that has the greatest impact is jet pressure, which is 72.28%. However, considering the surface roughness, the significant cutting variable is abrasive particle size, which is 74.59%. The cutting wear mechanism was extremely operational in material removal, as evidenced by the high-resolution scanning electron microscope images of the machined surface.
Through the glass, darkly: Femininity and the mirror in nineteenth-century France
Authors: Mainwaring Madison
Published: December 2024

This article proposes an interrogation of the tropes of female narcissism with a material history of the mirror and women's accounts of looking at themselves in nineteenth-century France. Drawing from a range of sources in order to trace the introduction of the vanity into domestic spaces, I argue that the newfound availability of the looking glass, while encouraging a self-objectification in the eyes of the others, likewise allowed female subjects the fashioning of a critical eye, the ability to construct and play with femininity and imagine alternative ways of being. By historicizing the act of looking at one's reflection, I aim to turn the female gaze back on itself, providing a contextualization of women's self-understanding and perception dependent on material and embodied practices.
Needs and presence of temporary migrant workers in the regions of Quebec (Canada): From public data to a unified database
Authors: Frozzini Jorge , Arnaud Vincent
Published: December 2024

Background

During the recent years of labour shortage, many employers and employer associations have been calling for the recruitment of more temporary migrant workers (TMW) in the province of Quebec. The various programs, the needs expressed by employers, and the problems encountered by TMWs remain largely unknown to the structures that receive these workers (municipalities, Regional County Municipalities or RCM …) or help them (associations …). The real number of TMWs in each local territorial division (Administrative regions, RCM and municipalities) remains unknown. It is therefore difficult to develop welcoming policies or an inclusive framework that meets the needs of these populations.

Objective

To develop a more detailed knowledge of the presence of TMWs in Quebec and the needs expressed by employers.

Methods

Design of a unified database to elaborate a statistical portrait of the needs expressed by employers and the presence of TMWs in the province of Quebec by stream of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP), by skill level, and by territory from 2017 to 2022. An exploratory data analysis to summarize the main characteristics of this longitudinal sample using statistical graphics and maps was conducted.

Results

There are substantial differences between regions and their territories regarding the streams of the TFWP, occupations and skills needed. The data also illustrate the prominence of some companies who hire a large number of TMWs in the province of Quebec and the effect of the COVID-19 lockdowns.

Conclusion

Our analysis shows an increase of various types of TMWs in specific administrative regions and a gap in statistical data about workers from the TFWP for the organizing efforts of local environments (RCM, municipalities and their community sector) to respond to the needs of a growing number of these workers.
Why consider trauma in vocational rehabilitation? Insights from cognitive model of PTSD and self-determination theory
Authors: Kim Jaeyoung , Lee Minju , Choi Heerak , Zhou Kaiqi , Tansey Timothy N
Published: December 2024

Background

Individuals with disabilities are at an increased risk of trauma exposure. The cognitive model of posttraumatic stress, combined with Self-Determination Theory (SDT), provides a useful conceptual framework for understanding how trauma exposure leads to reduced basic psychological needs satisfaction at the work.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the structural relationships among trauma exposure, posttraumatic cognition, and basic psychological need satisfaction at workplace, showing how traumatic experiences of employees with chronic illness and disabilities (CID) affects their basic psychological needs fulfillment at work, with posttraumatic beliefs as a mediator.

Method

An online survey of 183 participants with CID was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Two competing models were compared to determine the model with better fit. The selected model was then examined for structural validity and coefficient estimations.

Results

The full mediation model was selected with strong measurement structures. Path estimations revealed that increased trauma exposure has a negative indirect effect on basic psychological needs, fully mediated by increased posttraumatic cognitive beliefs.

Conclusion

Trauma exposure and associated cognitive distortions can create significant barriers to successful work outcomes for individuals with CID. Integrating trauma-informed care into vocational rehabilitation (VR) services may help mitigate these challenges and support successful VR outcomes.
Insights on turnover intent in state vocational rehabilitation agencies
Authors: Landon Trenton J , Phillips Brian N , McKnight Michelle , Sabella Scott A , Kline Kate M , Poe Melanie , Lockett Marissa
Published: December 2024

Background

The state vocational rehabilitation (VR) system has a long history as a leading public program serving individuals with disabilities. Hundreds of vocational rehabilitation counselors work in each of the 78 agencies representing every state and territory in the United States. However, chronic issues of employee turnover have served as a disruptor to vocational rehabilitation services while adding costs to the program for more than two decades. Turnover adds to the difficulty of maintaining a healthy work climate and serves to weaken agencies.

Objective

The aim of this brief report was to characterize the turnover phenomenon in state VR agencies and provides a synopsis of research findings indicating causes for the turnover.

Methods

A review and synthesis of the empirical literature presently available on turnover in state VR settings is provided.

Results

Although this brief report is a synopsis of research examining the turnover phenomena presently experienced by state VR agencies, many of the reasons qualified providers of VR services are leaving have remained consistent over the past two decades.

Conclusion

Recommendations are provided in an effort to support VR agency leadership in their recruitment and planning efforts to retain qualified providers.
Post-stroke cognitive impairment impact on motor rehabilitation: A historical cohort study
Authors: Silva Andreia , Vaz Mário , Pinto Luísa , Dias João , Azevedo Marta , Fontoura Janina , Carvalho João , Amorim Sofia , Silva Maria João , Nunes Renato
Published: December 2024

Background

Cognitive dysfunction is a common post-stroke sequelae with a negative impact on patient's functional independence.

Objective

Investigate the impact of post-stroke cognitive impairment on motor rehabilitation in the subacute phase, with a particular focus on executive functioning deficit.

Methods

A historical cohort was based on 145 clinical records over a period of 3 years and 5 months. A formal assessment of cognitive function was performed, using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), INECO frontal screening (IFS) test and/or subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III). Motor recovery was evaluated through the evolution of the motor Functional Independence Measure (FIM).

Results

Out of 145 included patients, 105 manifested post-stroke cognitive dysfunction (72.4%). Patients with mild or moderate stroke were most likely to present cognitive deficits (31.4% and 54.3%, p < .001). The most impaired domain was executive function (79%), manifested in isolation (20%) or combined (59%). In mild stroke, the difference between motor FIM at discharge and admission was significantly lower in the group of patients with isolated executive functioning deficit ( p = .027).

Conclusions

Isolated executive functioning impairment had a negative impact on motor recovery in mild stroke. No significant association was found between global cognitive dysfunction and the motor function evolution after stroke.
Phosphate and two-stage cooking: Impact on lipid oxidation and tenderness in sous-vide beef semitendinosus
Authors: Nik Zainal Abidin Nik Zuhairah , Shamsuddin Nurul Aimiza , Mohd Radzi Nur Raudhatul Syahindah , Yew Huat John Tang , Ishamri Ismail
Published: December 2024

The study investigated phosphate's effects on tenderness and lipid oxidation in beef cooked sous-vide. Semitendinosus beef cuts were treated with 0.15% and 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), and plain water (0% STPP). These cuts were then sous-vide cooked at two different temperatures, 60 °C and 70 °C, for two different durations, 3 h and 6 h. Analytical techniques including Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed. STPP concentration did not yield a statistically significant impact on the pH and FTIR spectrum of sous-vide beef ( p > 0.05). However, STPP markedly enhanced tenderness by loosening the myofibril structure (observed in SEM) and weakening myosin and actin bands (observed in SDS-PAGE). This improvement led to lower WBSF values with 0.3% STPP, particularly noticeable at 60 °C for 6 h. Additionally, 0.3% STPP delayed lipid oxidation, evidenced by lower oxidation values after 4 weeks of refrigerated storage at 4 °C. These findings highlight STPP's potential to improve tenderness and lipid oxidation stability in sous-vide beef.
Bilingual language experience and code-switching acceptability judgments: A constructive replication of the work by Stadthagen-González et al. (2019), Balam et al. (2020), and Stadthagen-González et al. (2018)
Authors: Olson Daniel J.
Published: December 2024

Aims and objectives:

While a significant body of research has examined bilinguals’ preferences with respect to the acceptability of different structures in intrasentential code-switching, this line of work has largely ignored the potential effect of language experience on bilinguals’ judgments. Within bilingual language experience, two particular variables have garnered significant attention: language dominance and code-switching experience. The current study presents a constructive replication of three prior studies and examines the potential modulating role of language experience.

Design/methodology:

Seventy-one Spanish–English bilinguals participated in a constructive replication of three previously published studies. Experiment 1, replicating the study by Stadthagen-González et al. (2019), examines comparative judgments of noun–adjective order. Experiment 2, replicating the work of Balam et al. (2020), analyzes bilingual verbs. Experiment 3, replicating the study by Stadthagen-González et al. (2018), examines the adjacency condition. Bilinguals provided code-switching judgments via a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task and information about their language experience via a language-dominance questionnaire and a code-switching experience questionnaire.

Data and analysis:

Relative rankings of the different bilingual constructions, using Thurstone’s law of comparative judgments, allowed for comparison with previous studies. The effect of language dominance and code-switching experience was assessed using binomial logistic regressions.

Findings/conclusions:

Broad agreement with results from each of the replicated studies was found. In addition, results show a significant impact of language dominance on acceptability judgments across all three experiments and an impact of code-switching experience in one of the three experiments.

Originality:

This study responds directly to an ongoing call for replication studies in the field of bilingualism and is among the first to consider the role of prior language experiences on acceptability judgments.

Significance/implications:

The strong replicability of prior results serves to support prior findings in the literature. Moreover, this study highlights the potential impact of prior linguistic experiences, including language dominance and code-switching experience, on bilingual behaviors.
Do L2 learners show attachment preferences? The processing of participial relative clauses in L2 Russian by English–Russian bilinguals
Authors: Luk Zoe Pei-sui , Darzhinova Liubov
Published: December 2024

Aims and objectives:

This study investigated whether first language (L1) English and second language (L2) Russian bilinguals are sensitive to structural information during L2 processing by testing their attachment preference when reading participial relative clauses with three preceding noun phrases in Russian.

Methodology:

The participants read sentences containing a participial relative clause preceded by three noun phrases connected by genitive marking and responded to comprehension questions by indicating which noun phrase the participial relative clause modified or that the sentence was ungrammatical. Their reading times and post-reading responses were recorded.

Data and analysis:

The reading times were log-transformed and fitted to a generalized linear mixed-effects model. Ungrammaticality judgment rates and noun phrase selection accuracy rates were fitted to generalized linear mixed-effects models using a binary logistic distribution.

Findings:

Reading times and ungrammaticality judgment rates showed that the participants preferred to attach the participial relative clause to the first and the third noun phrases. The second noun phrase was least preferred. These results contrast findings in previous studies, which have shown no attachment preference for L2 learners. We argue that the participants were sensitive to structural information, in that they were constrained by the recency preference and the predicate proximity effects, similar to native speakers.

Originality:

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that tested L2 learners with relative clauses preceded by three noun phrases and showed that L2 learners are also constrained by the recency preference and predicate proximity effects.

Significance/Implications:

We argue that our findings deviate from the null attachment preference found in previous studies, which has been used as evidence that L2 processing is fundamentally different from L1 processing. Our findings suggest that L2 learners were influenced by predicate proximity, similar to native Russian speakers, and were also mildly influenced by recency preference, which could be from this L1.
What is special about women in EU institutions?
Authors: Fortin-Rittberger Jessica
Published: December 2024

This essay takes stock of the current state of scholarship on gendered careers in the European Union. Examining the careers of women in the political system of the European Union raises several theoretical and analytical issues, especially considering the long-held reputation of European Union institutions as particularly favorable to the representation of women. First, it will ask whether scholarship has produced convincing evidence substantiating claims that European Union institutions are indeed more gender egalitarian in all aspects of the representational process, from the supply of candidates to shattering the glass ceiling of executive positions. Second, it asks whether scholarship has sufficiently theorized the contextual effects that account for the apparent success of women gaining representation in European Union institutions compared to national institutions.