bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Représenter Austerlitz : le système icono-textuel napoléonien
Authors: Denis Béatrice
Published: October 2022

This article examines how the battle of Austerlitz (December 2, 1805) became a symbol of Napoleonic power. It argues that this happened through deliberate propaganda efforts, with a carefully crafted written version of the events leading to the battle, found in the 30th bulletin de la Grande Armée, as well as three paintings commissioned by Napoleon in March 1806, not long after the close of the successful 1805 campaign. The fame of the battle was forged by Napoleon himself by way of a text/image system that constructs its own authority and veracity. The images commissioned and created repeat what was read in the bulletin in different genres. The bulletin and the three paintings, by Louis-François Lejeune, Louis-Albert-Guislain Bacler d’Albe, and François Gérard successfully work together to sanction a unique version of events intended for posterity, one in which the eve of the battle occupies a prominent place.
Faire de la musique dans l’Anthropocène : comment composer avec les temps de crise ?1
Authors: Adams John Luther , Donin Nicolas
Published: October 2022

Dans ce bref essai initialement paru en 2015 dans Slate, l’auteur s’interroge sur la relation entre l’activité de création artistique et la conscience des désastres liés à l’Anthropocène : peut-on et faut-il encore se concentrer sur des oeuvres d’art en se détachant du monde ? Évoquant son engagement de jeunesse en tant qu’activiste écologiste en Alaska, Adams se rappelle avoir choisi d’être compositeur parce qu’il était, dans ce rôle, irremplaçable. Pour lui, s’engager pleinement dans l’activité créatrice, sans s’assigner d’objectif politique ni même de thématique à évoquer, est précisément ce qui rend possible une expressivité authentique de sa musique, libre de charrier d’éventuelles significations sociales et capable d’inspirer un renouveau de la conscience chez ses auditeur·trice·s. La responsabilité de l’artiste porte sur son art, qui en retour contribue à transformer la manière d’être au monde de notre espèce.
Nervous Systems—Composing Unruliness in the Technosphere
Authors: Maier Stefan
Published: October 2022

Proceeding from the contention that the dawn of the Anthropocene may have as much to do with our relationship to technology as it does with climate change, Stefan Maier discusses recent work that explores the unruly behaviours of particular sound technologies. As a foil to functionalist accounts of technology—accounts that attempt to understand technology entirely through the lens of normative utility—Maier discusses his idiosyncratic treatment of instruments, sound-systems and software. Here, tools are mined for their alien(ating) potential—the capacity of certain technologies to project well beyond their designated use, often to monstrous ends. In particular, Maier discusses his recent multi-media installation Deviant Chain (2019), which uses a machine-learning-driven speech-synthesizer to generate abject, nonsensical speech. These machinic glossolalia form the basis for a constructed language, which features extensively in the work.
L’artiste, entre production et destruction
Authors: Lévy Fabien
Published: October 2022

Nous connaissons maintenant les causes de la crise climatique comme l’inévitable solution : produire et consommer moins, et mieux. Ce texte est un plaidoyer pour une nouvelle définition de la valeur, matérielle ou immatérielle, qui prenne en compte dans tous les domaines ce qui est produit, mais également ce qui est détruit, que cela concerne les humains, le monde du vivant, ou Gaïa dans son ensemble. Quelles seraient alors les conséquences pratiques, sociétales et esthétiques de cette nouvelle « comptabilité » de la valeur sur l’art ? Nous concluons avec ce que nous appelons maintenant un « idéal Hindewhu » de la musique.
Composer l’espace sonore en interaction avec le monde
Authors: Leroux Philippe
Published: October 2022

Cet article explore l’idée que si l’approche habituelle de l’espace sonore dans la composition musicale est, en général, d’ordre pratique, il existe, cependant, une attitude consistant à mettre en rapport celui-ci avec notre propre intériorité spatiale. En effet, concevoir, comme écouter, la mise en espace des sons, c’est d’une certaine façon extérioriser dans l’espace sonore du monde notre espace intérieur. Après avoir décrit ce dernier, et proposé l’oeuvre musicale et son écoute comme seuils entre les espaces intérieur et extérieur, le texte scrute les relations qui s’établissent entre eux. À partir de celles-ci est proposé un nouveau type de rapport entre la personne qui compose l’espace musical et cet espace lui-même. Au lieu d’établir une relation à sens unique avec le monde, dans laquelle celui-ci n’est que l’objet de notre action, la composition peut alors devenir également le lieu de notre transformation.
Éclairer et perfectionner l’esprit : l’éducation libérale et le délicat compromis entre raison et foi dans les écoles classiques de langue anglaise au Bas-Canada (1800-1840)
Authors: McCutcheon Shawn
Published: October 2022

Au début du XIXe siècle, l’influence du dogme protestant demeurait vivace dans plusieurs écoles classiques de langue anglaise du Bas-Canada. Les contenus éducatifs demeuraient infusés de morale chrétienne et bien que la plupart furent non confessionnelles, l’influence du clergé anglican s’y faisait parfois sentir. Cependant, au-delà d’un quotidien empreint de conventions chrétiennes, il est vrai que les maîtres de ces institutions partagèrent à plusieurs occasions une vision laïque héritée des Lumières. L’éducation libérale participait selon eux au progrès historique des civilisations et au perfectionnement des individus en adéquation avec les lois universelles de la nature. Cette rhétorique demeurait cependant très près des préceptes moraux chrétiens, qu’elle contribua à réaffirmer à l’aide d’un vocabulaire naturaliste nouveau.
La question de la confessionnalité scolaire dans la revue catholique Maintenant (1965-1975)
Authors: Lafontaine Anthony M.
Published: October 2022

Maintenant est une revue catholique québécoise fondée par les Dominicains et publiée de 1962 à 1975 en collaboration avec des laïcs. Ses animateurs et animatrices, qui adhèrent à la philosophie du personnalisme de même qu’à la théologie de la sécularisation, appartiennent au milieu intellectuel catholique critique de la présence institutionnelle de l’Église au Québec. Cet article vise à présenter l’évolution de leur lutte contre cette « chrétienté » et du raisonnement qui la sous-tend durant les années 1960 ainsi que la conclusion à laquelle les auteurs et autrices en arrivent dans la seconde moitié de cette décennie, soit un appui clair à la sécularisation des institutions publiques. Cette dernière est présentée dans les pages de la revue comme étant la seule voie d’avenir pour le catholicisme en cette période de modernisation rapide, c’est-à-dire qu’elle représente la solution au phénomène du décrochage religieux qui les inquiète.
Expressive Voting and Irrational Outcomes in Corporate Elections
Authors: Tingle Bryce
Published: October 2022

Over the past three decades, shareholders have steadily been provided with greater
voting power over corporate decisions. A great academic debate has arisen about the
character and outcomes of the shareholder franchise. All parties to this debate start with
the assumption that shareholders will vote rationally, and generally in their economic
interests. There is a large empirical literature in political science, however, that finds
that where the marginal value of a vote is low, information is processed and votes cast on
the basis of strongly held prejudices, tribal loyalty, mood-affiliation, and a desire to
flatter the voter’s self-image. In other words, the voter behaves irrationally from the
standpoint of the real-world impact of their vote.

This article reviews the empirical literature around shareholder voting to show
that irrational voting characterizes the corporate franchise as well. Shareholders give
their voting rights almost no value and their voting patterns do not reflect the economic
performance of the company. Moreover, shareholders vote in ways that contradict their
economic views (measured by looking at their trading decisions), and their voting is
primarily driven by empirically questionable and deliberately ineffective corporate
governance practices. Fortunately, the empirical political science literature provides some
direction for reforming the corporate franchise.
Travailleuses anonymes et modernité énergétique. L’industrie électrique et gazière et l’économie domestique à Montréal, 1904-1959
Authors: Hatton-Proulx Clarence
Published: October 2022

Cet article analyse le rôle important joué par les femmes dans le processus de transition énergétique vers des sources d’énergie distribuées par des réseaux universels et invisibles (le gaz et l’électricité). En considérant le cas de Montréal durant la première moitié du 20e siècle, il démontre leur triple rôle dans ce processus. Premièrement, à travers l’histoire de l’École ménagère provinciale de Montréal, l’article présente le développement de la discipline de l’économie domestique et ses liens avec l’industrie de l’énergie montréalaise. Deuxièmement, il analyse la promotion de l’électricité et du gaz par les vendeuses formées en économie domestique de la compagnie monopolistique Montreal Light, Heat & Power. Troisièmement, il se penche sur l’influence des savoirs issus des sciences domestiques sur les standards de confort et les pratiques de consommation d’énergie.
La traduction automatique des textes faciles à lire et à comprendre (FALC) : une étude comparative
Authors: Rodríguez Vázquez Silvia , Kaplan Abigail , Bouillon Pierrette , Griebel Cornelia , Azari Razieh
Published: October 2022

Au cours de la dernière décennie, les langages contrôlés (LC) ont toujours été l’objet d’une attention accrue en traduction automatique (TA). La majorité des études ont porté sur l’impact des LC sur la qualité du produit final de la TA, mais très peu d’entre elles se sont intéressées à l’impact de la TA sur l’accessibilité des textes cibles pour les personnes à besoins particuliers. Cet article vise à combler cette lacune. Il cherche à déterminer, par le biais d’une étude linguistique comparative, si les systèmes de TA génériques constituent une option viable pour produire, à partir de textes simplifiés sources, des textes cibles faciles à lire et à comprendre (FALC). Nous avons testé trois outils génériques de TA (DeepL, Google Translate et Yandex) avec des textes FALC de trois domaines différents, dans quatre paires de langues. Les résultats montrent que DeepL est l’outil le plus performant et que l’espagnol et les textes administratifs restent ceux qui occasionnent le plus de problèmes pour la TA. En ce qui concerne l’évaluation de l’accessibilité linguistique, les problèmes aux niveaux lexical et stylistique sont les plus nombreux. Même si la TA ne produit pas encore des textes FALC acceptables, notre étude en souligne le potentiel et met l’accent sur la difficulté de créer du contenu multilingue accessible pour tous.
Revisiting simplification in corpus-based translation studies: Insights from readability research
Authors: François Thomas , Lefer Marie-Aude
Published: October 2022

Ever since the publication of Laviosa’s (1998a; 1998b) pioneering work, the study of lexico-syntactic simplification has held centre stage in corpus translation research concerned with the typical features of translated texts. The simplification hypothesis states that translated texts are simpler than non-translated texts. The convergence hypothesis, also discussed by Laviosa (1998a; 1998b), but less so in follow-up studies, is that translated texts are more homogeneous than original texts, that is they display less variance. To date, simplification has mostly been operationalised in CBTS as type-token ratio, lexical density, core vocabulary coverage, list head coverage and average sentence length. Relying on these parameters, previous research has produced mixed results, with simplification varying across translation modalities, language pairs and registers. The present article sets out to revisit the simplification and convergence hypotheses through the lens of NLP-informed readability research. In particular, we rely on a larger set of simplification indicators and make use of multivariate statistical techniques. We present a simplification study of Europarl corpus data in French translated from English and in non-translated French. The results show that translated French is simpler than original French, lexically and syntactically. We also find evidence of convergence that shows that translators smooth out cross-speaker lexical heterogeneity in translated parliamentary proceedings.
The Multilingual Corpus of Survey Questionnaires: A tool for refining survey translation
Authors: Zavala-Rojas Diana , Sorato Danielly , Hareide Lidun , Hofland Knut
Published: October 2022

This article describes the design and compilation of the Multilingual Corpus of Survey Questionnaires (MCSQ), the first publicly available corpus of international survey questionnaires. Version 3.0 (Rosalind Franklin) is compiled from questionnaires from the European Social Survey, the European Values Study, the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, and the Wage Indicator Survey in the (British) English source language and their translations into eight languages (Catalan, Czech, French, German, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish and Russian). Documents in the corpus were translated with the objective of maximising data comparability across cultures. After contextualising aims and procedures in survey translation, this article presents examples of two types of problematic translation outcomes in survey questionnaires: The first type relates to the choice of idiomatic terms or fixed expressions in the source text. The second type relates to cases where the semantic variation of translation choices exceeds the scope allowed to maintain the psychometric properties across languages. With these examples, we aim to demonstrate how corpus linguistics can be used to analyse past translation outcomes and to improve the methodology for translating questionnaires.
The Territorial and Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Digital Divide in Canada
Authors: Koch Katharina
Published: October 2022

The digital divide in Canada has gained significant attention from policymakers and the public in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic enhances the vulnerability of residents in rural and Indigenous communities that lack high-speed Internet access which affects their residents’ ability to participate in an online work and learning environment. However, digital inequalities also remain an issue in urban settings despite the physical infrastructure that is usually in place to connect to high-speed Internet. The federal government has launched several funding initiatives at the end of 2020; however, this paper argues that the current federal policy strategy to address the digital divide is insufficient. By drawing on the intersectional character of the digital divide, which is interlinked with other types of socio-economic inequalities, this paper investigates why the federal broadband development approach remains problematic. As the digital divide in Canada persists, this paper explores current federal funding initiatives and their effectiveness in supporting broadband deployment across rural and Indigenous communities. The analysis shows inequalities regarding broadband access and funding distribution in Canada which also stem from a lack of democratic efficacy during federal hearings.
Évolution des Archives nationales du Québec et de leur rôle dans un contexte technologique et informationnel exigeant : de 1983 à 2021
Authors: Côté Sophie , Leclerc Marc-André
Published: October 2022

Les auteurs rappellent les grands chantiers qui ont monopolisé les Archives nationales (AN) du Québec depuis 1983. Au cours des 38 dernières années, l’histoire de l’institution est étroitement liée à une transformation majeure du contexte entourant la gestion documentaire. L’application de la Loi sur les archives (RLRQ, chapitre A-21.1), l’utilisation accrue des technologies de l’information pour la production et la diffusion de l’information gouvernementale et la prédominance des documents numériques plutôt que sur support papier ont largement contribué à bouleverser nos liens avec les informations que nous conservons et les rapports entretenus avec nos usagers et les organismes publics. Les auteurs font ensuite état des solutions envisagées par les AN pour assurer une gestion efficace des archives issues des technologies de l’information, notamment en ce qui a trait à leur gouvernance, dans le contexte de la transformation numérique de l’État québécois. En guise de conclusion, les auteurs rappellent que les solutions aux défis qui se présentent existent à condition que les institutions comme les AN et la communauté archivistique fassent preuve de leadership et démontrent qu’elles ont la légitimité et l’expertise nécessaires pour jouer un rôle central au sein de la nouvelle culture numérique.
L’archive inversée : seuils, authenticité et demos
Authors: Lowry1 James
Published: October 2022

Cet article soutient que le concept de ius archivi du « seuil d’archivage », dans lequel la réception des documents par des archives faisant autorité sert à authentifier ces documents, est inversé à l’ère des données gouvernementales ouvertes et des technologies civiques. Ces technologies de témoignage créent une attente de transparence qui renverse la fonction du seuil ; ce n’est que par la transmission de données hors des archives et dans l’espace public que l’authenticité peut être jugée. À l’époque des fausses nouvelles ou « fake news » et des soi-disant « faits alternatifs », cette dynamique est problématique et soulève des questions sur la participation aux systèmes d’information de l’État.
Distinct neurexin-cerebellin complexes control AMPA- and NMDA-receptor responses in a circuit-dependent manner
Authors: Dai Jinye , Liakath-Ali Kif , Golf Samantha Rose , Südhof Thomas C
Published: October 2022

At CA1→subiculum synapses, alternatively spliced neurexin-1 (Nrxn1SS4+) and neurexin-3 (Nrxn3SS4+) enhance NMDA-receptors and suppress AMPA-receptors, respectively, without affecting synapse formation. Nrxn1SS4+ and Nrxn3SS4+ act by binding to secreted cerebellin-2 (Cbln2) that in turn activates postsynaptic GluD1 receptors. Whether neurexin-Cbln2-GluD1 signaling has additional functions besides regulating NMDA- and AMPA-receptors, and whether such signaling performs similar roles at other synapses, however, remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate using constitutive Cbln2 deletions in mice that at CA1→subiculum synapses, Cbln2 performs no additional developmental roles besides regulating AMPA- and NMDA-receptors. Moreover, low-level expression of functionally redundant Cbln1 did not compensate for a possible synapse-formation function of Cbln2 at CA1→subiculum synapses. In exploring the generality of these findings, we examined the prefrontal cortex where Cbln2 was recently implicated in spinogenesis, and the cerebellum where Cbln1 is known to regulate parallel-fiber synapses. In the prefrontal cortex, Nrxn1SS4+-Cbln2 signaling selectively controlled NMDA-receptors without affecting spine or synapse numbers, whereas Nrxn3SS4+-Cbln2 signaling had no apparent role. In the cerebellum, conversely, Nrxn3SS4+-Cbln1 signaling regulated AMPA-receptors, whereas now Nrxn1SS4+-Cbln1 signaling had no manifest effect. Thus, Nrxn1SS4+- and Nrxn3SS4+-Cbln1/2 signaling complexes differentially control NMDA- and AMPA-receptors in different synapses in diverse neural circuits without regulating synapse or spine formation.
Dynamics of the gut microbiota in rats after hypobaric hypoxia exposure
Authors: Han Yang , Xu Jiayu , Yan Yan , Zhao Xiaojing
Published: October 2022

Background

Gut microbiota plays an important role in host health and is influenced by multiple factors. Hypobaric hypoxia usually existing at high altitude conditions can adversely affect normal physiological functions. However, the dynamic changes of gut microbiota influenced by hypobaric hypoxia have not been elucidated.

Methods

In this study, we collected fecal samples from seven rats at 14 time points from entering the hypobaric chamber (eight time points) to leaving the chamber (six time points) and five rats served as normoxic controls. Metagenome sequencing was performed on all samples and the dynamics of taxa and functions were analyzed.

Results

We found that the α-diversity was changed in the first 5 days after entering or leaving the hypobaric chamber. The β-diversity analysis revealed that gut microbiota structure was significantly separated among 14 time points. After entering the chamber, the relative abundance of Bacteroides decreased and the most abundant genus turned into Prevotella. The abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes showed an opposite trend and both have a significant change within 5 days after entering or leaving the hypobaric hypoxia chamber. Some obligate anaerobic bacteria belonging to Desulfovibrio and Alistipes were significantly enriched after entering the chamber for 5 weeks, whereas Probiotics like Bifidobacterium and Lactococcus, and short-chain fatty acids producers like Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio were significantly enriched after leaving the chamber for 3 weeks. Microbial functions like ‘Two-component regulatory system’, ‘beta-carotene biosynthesis’ and ‘Fatty acid biosynthesis’ were significantly enriched after entering the chamber for 5 weeks. Hypobaric hypoxia conditions could deeply affect the diversity and structure of gut microbiota. The alterations of abundance of dominant taxa (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes), increased anaerobes and decreased probiotics induced by hypobaric hypoxia conditions might affect the host health.
Comparative assessment of enamel remineralisation on the surface microhardness of demineralized enamel - anin vitrostudy
Authors: Bhavsar Bhavika , Vijo Mary , Sharma Pranjely , Patnaik Tulika , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Patil Santosh
Published: October 2022

Objective

The main objective of the study was to compare two different remineralising materials containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, bioactive glass on enamel surface microhardness.

Materials and Methods

Thirty premolars were used for specimen preparation. Group 1 (the control group) consisted of intact enamel samples, group 2: CPP-ACPF (Tooth Mousse Plus), group 3: bioenamel remineralising gel (Prevest DenPro). All specimens were subjected to demineralisation except the control group, followed by which remineralising agents were applied. A universal hardness tester was used to assess the surface microhardness of all samples. Results were analysed using one-way ANOVA test and comparison was analysed using Scheffe’spost hocleast significant difference (LSD) test.

Results

Both remineralising agents used in groups 2 and 3 have shown significant outcome in terms of improving the surface microhardness in comparison with the control group. Group 2 increased the enamel hardness by 8.34 whereP= 0.023 whereas group 3 increased the hardness by 5.87, whereP= 0.01.

Conclusion

Group 2 has a superior hardness value than group 3; however, no statistically significant results were obtained between both the groups.
Deep ploughing in the summer fallow season and optimizing nitrogen rate can increase yield, water, and nitrogen efficiencies of rain-fed winter wheat in the Loess Plateau region of China
Authors: Zhang Rongrong , Wang Peiru , Wang Wenxiang , Ren Aixia , Noor Hafeez , Zhong Rong , Gao Zhiqiang , Sun Min
Published: October 2022

Background

About 60% of the annual precipitation in the Loess Plateau occurs during the summer fallow season, and does not align with the wheat growing season. In addition, the nitrogen use efficiency is low in this area because nutrient availability is affected by drought. As a result, rainwater storage during the summer fallow season is very important to increasing nitrogen use efficiency, and to the stable production of dryland wheat in the Loess Plateau.

Methods

A 3-year field experiment in the eastern part of the Loess Plateau was conducted with two tillage methods (no tillage (NT) and deep ploughing (DP)) and five N rates (0, 120, 150, 180, and 210 kg N ha−1) to study the effect of tillage on soil water utilization, plant nitrogen utilization, and wheat yield.

Result

Compared to NT, DP showed a larger increase in soil water storage (SWSf) and precipitation storage efficiency (PSEf) during the two dry summer fallow seasons than in the normal summer fallow season. DP substantially increased the pre-anthesis soil water consumption (SWCpre) and N translocation. The average yield under DP was 12.46% and 14.92–18.29% higher than under NT in the normal and dry seasons, respectively. A 1 mm increase in SWCpre could increase grain yield by 25.28 kg ha−1, water use efficiency (WUE) by 0.069 kg ha−1 mm−1, and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) by 0.029 kg kg−1. DP could reduce the N rate by 11.49–53.34% in the normal seasons and 40.97–65.07% in the dry seasons compared to the same highest point of yield, WUE, and NUtE under NT.

Conclusion

Deep ploughing in the summer fallow season, paired with optimized N application, could help increase wheat yield and nitrogen efficiency in dryland.
Effect of salt stress and nitrogen supply on seed germination and early seedling growth of three coastal halophytes
Authors: Chen Yanfeng , Liu Yan , Zhang Lan , Zhang Lingwei , Wu Nan , Liu Huiliang
Published: October 2022

Due to high salinity and low nutrient concentrations, the coastal zone is considered as one of the most vulnerable of the earth’s habitats. Thus, the effect of salt and nitrogen on growth and development of coastal halophytes has been extensively investigated in recent years, but insufficient attention has been paid to the crucial stages of plant establishment, such as seed germination and seedling growth. Thus, we carried out a field experiment to evaluate the effects of salt stress (6, 10 and 20 g/kg NaCl) and nitrogen supply (0, 6 and 12 gm−2year−1) on seed germination and seedling growth of three coastal halophytes (including two dominant herb species Glehnia littoralis and Calystegia soldanella, one constructive shrub species Vitex rotundifolia) from September 2020 to June 2021. The results of our experiment showed that seeds of G. littoralis exhibited an explosive germination strategy in the early spring of 2021 with 70% of the seeds germinating. Conversely, the seeds of V. rotundifolia exhibited slow germination in the late spring of 2021 with only 60% of the seeds germinating. C. soldanella seed germination exhibited two obvious peak periods, but only 6% of the seeds germinated, which means that most seeds may be stored in the soil by stratification or died. All three halophytes showed greater sensitivity to nitrogen than salt stress during the seed germination stage. Nitrogen supply significantly delayed seed germination and reduced the cumulative germination percentage, particularly for G. littoralis. Despite the large impact of nitrogen on seed germination, nitrogen had a larger impact on seedling growth suggesting that the seedling growth stage of halophytes is more vulnerable to changes in nitrogen supply. Moreover, nitrogen supply significantly reduced the individual biomass of G. littoralis, C. soldanella and V. rotundifolia, with greater decreases seen in the dominant species than in the constructive species. Conversely, nitrogen supply increased underground biomass allocation of G. littoralis and C. soldanella, suggesting that the constructive species were less sensitive to nitrogen and exhibited a stronger anti-interference ability than the dominant species. Therefore, increasing nitrogen supply may firstly affect the seed germination and seedling growth of the dominant species, but not the constructive species.
Las figuras del sirviente en la producción literaria chilena, 1870-1920
Authors:   Departamento de Humanidades, Universidad Andrés Bello (Chile), Bergot Solène
Published: October 2022

El siguiente artículo analiza las figuras del servicio doméstico en la producción literaria chilena entre 1870 y 1920, en un contexto de consolidación y luego crisis del modelo de vida y de valores del grupo gobernante, a la par con el fenómeno de la cuestión social, que viene a tensionar las relaciones entre empleados y empleadores. A partir del análisis de novelas, obras de teatro y textos autobiográficos, propone que el campo literario participa de una disputa por el orden moral, ya que estas figuras se dividen entre una representación ideal, ligada a los valores que quería difundir la elite al resto de la sociedad, y una representación “desviante”, siendo en este caso un elemento de crítica ya que muestra los límites morales y contradicciones de esta misma elite.
El autor sirio-chileno Benedicto Chuaqui: escritura, pensamiento y patria
Authors:   Universidad de Granada (España), López Oliva Alberto B.
Published: October 2022

El escritor sirio-chileno Benedicto Chuaqui es la figura de mayor renombre de entre los escritores árabes inmigrados a Chile. Su producción literaria ha sido encomiada en el panorama nacional de las letras chilenas y distinguida por los grandes comentaristas del Mahyar, de la literatura árabe en América. Con el objetivo de estudiar los rasgos más importantes de su profusa carrera, señalamos su talante como pensador, su labor en la divulgación de la cultura árabe y su relación con su patria siria. Incluimos, a modo de ilustración, dos fragmentos de su producción ensayística, traducidos del árabe al español. Por último, se establece una relación bibliográfica de sus obras.
"Nada es bastante real para un fantasma”: Enrique Lihn y La nueva novela
Authors:   Universidad de los Andes (Chile), Suárez M. Zenaida
Published: October 2022

El objetivo del presente texto es hacer visibles los juegos transtextuales que se establecen entre La nueva novela de Juan Luis Martínez y el poeta Enrique Lihn, tratando de delimitar el entramado palimpséstico que se teje entre el Enrique Lihn poeta que habla (en) La nueva novela y el Enrique Lihn crítico-intérprete que habla (sobre) La nueva novela.
The Reasons for Students to Prefer Faculty of Theology and Factors Affecting These Reasons (The Case of Hakkari University Faculty of Theology)
Authors: MUSAYEV İslam , MUSTAFAYEVA Lamiya
Published: October 2022

İlahiyat Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Fakülte Tercih Nedenleri ve Bu Nedenleri Etkileyen Faktörler (Hakkâri Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Örneği) isimli bu çalışmada, Hakkâri Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesinde öğrenim görmekte olan öğrencilerin
fakülte tercih nedenlerinin neler olduğu sorusuna farklı değişkenler açısından cevap aranmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada temel problem olarak “öğrencilerin ilahiyat fakültesini tercih etme nedenlerinin neler olduğu” sorusuna cevap
aramaktır. Araştırma, var olan durumun olduğu gibi tespitini yapmak ve yorumlamak için Tarama (Survey) modeli kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Oluşturulan anket
Hakkâri Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kuruluna sunulmuş, 2021/23 sayılı oturum ve 1 No lu kurul kararıyla etik açıdan uygun bulunduğuna karar verilmiştir. Araştırma çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiş anket sonucu ortaya
çıkan veriler SPSS programıyla analizlere tabi tutulmuştur. Her bir sorudan elde edilen verilerin yüzdelikleri hesaplanmış ve veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmamız salt ölçülebilir bilgilere dayalı olduğundan hem derinlikten
hem de ayrıntılı yorum yapmaktan yoksun kalmasın diye nitel araştırma yöntemiyle desteklenmiş olup, görüşme yöntemi ile gerekli bilgilere ulaşarak araştırmanın zenginleştirilmesine çalışılmıştır. Araştırmamız 2020-2021 güz dönemi
Hakkâri Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi öğrencilerine uygulanan anketlerden elde edilen verilerle sınırlandırılmıştır. Ortaya çıkan bulgular ışığında, öğrencilerin çoğunluğunun Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinden olduğu, göreceli
olarak eğitim ve gelir durumlarının düşük olan ailelerden geldiği, tercih etme nedenleri arasında dini konularda bilgi sahibi olmak, mezuniyet sonrası Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı bünyesi dışında alana yönelik (öğretmen ve akademisyen
olarak) diğer kurumlarda çalışma isteklerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Land use in Lake Ecosystems in the Sudano-Guinean Zone (Adamaoua-Cameroon)
Authors: Davy Ali Ahmed , Tchobsala . , Adamou Ibrahima
Published: October 2022

The present study aims to characterize over 31 years between 1990 and 2021 the spatio-temporal mutations experienced by four lake ecosystems in the Sudano-Guinean zone of Cameroon due to strong anthropic activities caused by the increase of the demography. Landsat satellite images from 1990, 2006 and 2021 were exploited using remote sensing and GIS. The unsupervised classification was used to obtain nine land cover and land use classes (agricultural space, forest gallery, tree savannah, shrub savannah, grassy savannah, bare soil, water surface, hydromorphic zone and housing zone). The dynamics are progressive for the agricultural space (24.40 ha at Lake Bini, 24.38 ha at Lake Dang, and 16.72 ha at Lake Mballang). On the other hand, The dynamics of the plant formations is essentially regressive for the shrubby savannahs (16.21 ha at Lake Bini, 30.56 ha at Lake Dang, 118.13 at Lake Mballang and - 9.67 ha at Lake Ngaoundaba). The water surface area decreased in the lake ecosystems of Bini (0.27 ha) and Mballang (0.04). In contrast, there was an increase in the lake ecosystems of Lake Dang (0.40 ha) and Ngaoundaba (0.21 ha). The factors of this degradation are mainly human (agriculture, overgrazing and galloping demography) and result in the fragmentation of natural habitats to the benefit of cultivated areas and purely anthropogenic housing zones. The consequences likely to result from this degradation call on the inhabitants and decision-makers to reduce human activities harmful to the environment and to restore these ecosystems.
Comparative Study of Disinfectants and Conventional Antibiotics Efficacy on Selected ESKAPE Pathogens
Authors: I. Ajanaobionye Theophilus , A. Eze Emmanuel , C. Ekwe David , G. Anyaegbunam Zikora K.
Published: October 2022

Background: Disinfectants and conventional antibiotics are used daily in Nigeria’s households and hospitals, in various approaches and at exceptional concentrations with inside to combat infectious diseases. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance globally has made most chemotherapeutic agents less efficient to target pathogens.

Aim: This research was done to determine the efficacy of some disinfectants and conventional antibiotics used against ESKAPE pathogens.

Methodology: The in vitro efficacy of the disinfectants and antibiotics were compared using the disc diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method.

Results: Inhibition zone diameters were observed in all of the disinfectants and conventional antibiotics at concentration-dependent for the tested pathogenic isolates. Chloroxylenol was effective at higher concentrations and showed a progressive decrease in zones of inhibition as the concentration decreases. Ethanol was effective at 70% and 35% concentrations against Staphylococcus aureus. Hypochlorite was effective against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E. coli at a 100% - 25% concentration and effective against Staphylococcus aureus at 100% and 50% concentrations. Therefore, the efficacy of disinfectants and antibiotics arise to be crucial however concentration-dependent.

Conclusion: The results obtained from this study may be used as an alternative for medical applications. However, inappropriate disinfectant and conventional antibiotic use resulted in emergence of resistant microorganisms; hence these therapeutic agents should be used properly at a sufficient concentration to prevent diseases caused by these pathogenic bacteria. Nevertheless, the need to compare the efficacy of these disinfectants and conventional antibiotics against ESKAPE pathogens in vivo is very important.
Effect of Nutrient Optimization through Organic and Inorganic Resources on Yield, Uptake, and Soil Properties in a Rice-wheat Cropping System
Authors: Kumar Ravindra , Sharma Sanjeev , Singh Devendra , Pandey Hanuman Prasad
Published: October 2022

A field experiment was conducted during 2017-18 to 2019-20 on a fixed layout in sodic soil at Fertilizers Research Farm, Uttaripura in the jurisdiction of C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur using high yielding variety of rice NDR-359 and wheat PBW-343. The maximum grain, straw, and biological yield of rice were noted as 44.75, 55.93, and 99.68 q ha-1, and wheat 46.25, 56.42 and 99.97 q ha-1 with the application of 75% NPK+ two spray of 0.25% of Sagarika +25 kg/ha Sagarika granules +two spray of 2% of WSF (18:18:18), The maximum uptake of NPK in grain and straw of both rice and wheat crop with the application of 75% NPK + two sprays of 0.25% of Sagarika +25 kg/ha Sagarika granules +two spray of 2% of WSF (18:18:18) followed by75% NPK+ two spray of 0.25% of Sagarika +25 kg/ha Sagarika and minimum uptake of NPK in grain and straw with the application of 75% NPK. The basal application of Sagarika @ 25 kg ha was found superior to the foliar spray of Sagarika. The change in pH, EC, OC, available N, P, K, S, Zn, and Br ranged from 7.2 to 7.5, 0.32 to 0.34 DSM-1, 0.39 to 0.41%, 191 to 195, 15.7 to 16.8, 173.4 to 178.5, 19.4 to 19.8, 11.2 to 11.5 and 0.73 to 0.77 kg ha-1 respectively with the application of different treatments while not remarkable changes from initial values of soil properties. Application of 10 t/ha FYM was found better than other treatments during the study period.
Standardization of Different Pre-sowing Seed Treatments with Jeevamrutha, Panchagavya, Neem Oil and Vermiwash on Plant Growth Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Var. SSC-06
Authors: Samatha Battu , Rai Prashanth Kumar
Published: October 2022

The field experiment was carried out at Field Experimentation Center, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP.) during Kharif-2021. This experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 13 treatments and replicated thrice to determine the effect of Jeevamrutha, Panchgavya, Neem oil and Vermiwash on growth, yield and yield attributing traits. The seeds of Cowpea variety Var. SSC-06 was treated as T0-control, T1, T2, T3, (Jeevamrutha @ 1%, 3%, 5%), T4, T5, T6, (Panchagavya @ 1%, 3%, 5%), T7, T8, T9, (Neem oil @ 1%, 3%, 5%), T10, T11, T12, (Vermiwash @ 1%, 3%, 5%) respectively for 12 hours. It was found that ANOVA showed significance difference among all the treatments with the control for all the characters under study. Among all the treatments of present study, T5 (Panchagavya @ 3% for 12 hours) was found more effective for Rate of field emergence (24.89), Plant height at 30 DAS (38.66), Plant height at 60 DAS (55.81), Plant height at 90 DAS (94.96), Days to 50% flowering (40.66), Days to maturity (58.66), Number of branches per plant (7.93), Number of pods per plant (19.4), Pod length (42.97 cm), Number of seeds per pod (13.73), Seed yield per plant (39.78), Seed yield per plot (835.56), Biological Yield (1775), Seed index (14.3) and Harvest index (47.03). Thus, treatment T5 (Panchagavya @ 3% for 12 hours) was found to be suitable pre-sowing seed treatment for growth, yield and yielding attributes of cowpea seeds.
Evaluation of Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Choerospondias axillaris in Rats
Authors: Khadka Jeevan , Cyriac Kusu Susan , Al-Shami Ali Salman , Elyasi Zohreh , Babukutty Blessy Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

Background: Choerospondias axillaris CA, known as lapsi, is a plant with constituents having therapeutic properties. All plant parts including stem, bark, root, leaves, and fruit have medicinal virtues and have had a role in Ethno-medicine since ancient times.

Objective:  The present study was designed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic activity of dried powder of Choerospondias axillaris fruits in Wistar albino rats.

Methods: The anti-hyperlipidemic effect of methanolic extract of the fruit of Choerospondias axillaris (CA) was tested in a high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rat model. Here, chronic hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding a high-fat diet for 21 days to rats. During the experiment, the rat’s body weight was monitored. At the end of the study, animals among whole groups have been sacrificed and biochemical parameters such as; serum Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C), and increase of serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) were analysed.

Results: The observed extract of Choerospondias axillaris was proven to be safe in the toxicity findings.  Treatment with methanolic extract of CA (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o) significantly reduced the hyperlipidemia i.e., the decline in levels of serum Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C), and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) when compared to vehicle control and standard drug Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg). The result indicates that methanolic extract of the whole plant of Choerospondias axillaris possessed significant antihyperlipidemic activity.

Conclusion: After all the investigation it was found that oral administration of Choerospondias axillaris fruit extract at a low dose of 300mg/kg and a high dose of 600mg/kg against the high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and it was found that a high dose was more effective as compared to low dose. The drug was able to suppress the raised parameters.
Synthesis of NiFe2O4/SiO2/NiO Magnetic and Application for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Dye under UV Irradiation
Authors: Hariani Poedji Loekitowati , Said Muhammad , Rachmat Addy , Salni Salni , Aprianti Nabila , Amatullah Anisa Fitri
Published: October 2022

NiFe2O4/SiO2/NiO magnetic was successfully synthesized using NiFe2O4, SiO2, and NiO as the core, interlayer, and shell, respectively. NiFe2O4/SiO2/NiO under UV light irradiation was used for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye with different pH, catalyst dose, and initial dye concentration. This composite was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDs), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and Point of Zero Charge (pHpzc). The results showed that the composite is a superparamagnetic material with a saturation magnetization value of 44.13 emu/g. It also has a band gap of 2.67 eV with a pHpzc of 6.33. The optimum conditions for photocatalytic degradation were at pH of 4; 0.50 g/L catalyst dose, and 10 mg/L initial concentration. NiFe2O4/SiO2/NiO degradation efficiency to methyl orange dye was 95.76%. The photocatalytic degradation in different concentrations follows the pseudo-first-order, where the greater the concentration, the smaller the constant rate (k). After five cycles of repeated usage, NiFe2O4/SiO2/NiO has good catalytic performance as well as efficient and favourable of a recyclable photocatalyst. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Prevalence, Trajectory, and Factors Associated With Patient-Reported Nonmotor Outcomes After Stroke
Authors: Ozkan Hatice , Ambler Gareth , Esmail Taniya , Banerjee Gargi , Simister Robert J. , Werring David J.
Published: February 2025

Importance

The evidence on nonmotor outcomes after acute ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is limited and domain-specific. The prevalence, natural history, and factors associated with nonmotor outcomes across multiple domains are unclear.

Objective

To synthesize the published data and to identify the prevalence, natural history, and factors associated with multidomain nonmotor outcome burden in patients with stroke.

Data Sources

A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases between January 1999 to June 2023 was supplemented by search of bibliographies of the key articles.

Study Selection

The analysis included prospective cohort studies that reported nonmotor outcomes across 10 domains: anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, social participation, pain, bladder dysfunction, bowel dysfunction (constipation and fecal incontinence), and sexual dysfunction assessed by patient-reported scales.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Two reviewers independently assessed studies, extracting baseline data, nonmotor prevalence, and follow-up information. Pooled prevalence of nonmotor outcomes was estimated using random-effects models. Meta-regression models were used to analyze natural history and factors associated with nonmotor outcomes. Subgroup analysis was used to assess prevalence by symptom description within each nonmotor domain. Publication bias and study quality were assessed using funnel plots and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Results

A total of 279 prospective cohort studies met the inclusion criteria (117 440 participants with stroke; median [IQR] age, 65 [59-70] years; 209 of 279 studies with more male than female participants) with a nonmotor outcome follow-up period ranging from 30 days to 10 years after stroke. The most prevalent adverse nonmotor outcomes by pooled prevalence were sleep disturbance (59.9%; 95% CI, 53.9%-63.9%), sexual dysfunction (59.8%; 95% CI, 50.0%-69.5%), constipation (58.2%; 95% CI, 53.9%-62.6%), reduced social participation (56.5%; 95% CI, 52.1%-60.8%), bladder dysfunction (45.9%; 95% CI, 38.0%-53.8%), and fatigue (45.2%; 95% CI, 40.7%-49.5%). Meta-regression analysis showed no significant improvement over time for most nonmotor outcomes, except pain (coefficient = −11.0%; P = .05) and sexual dysfunction (coefficient = −24.1%; P < .001). The heterogeneity ranged between 52% and 98% across all studies. The common factors associated with adverse nonmotor outcomes were female sex, studies with mixed stroke cohort (ischemic stroke or ICH), and older age.

Conclusions and Relevance

Patient-reported nonmotor outcomes were common after stroke. Sexual dysfunction, sleep disturbance, constipation, reduced social participation, bladder dysfunction, and fatigue were most prevalent. These adverse outcomes often persisted over time, especially in women, older adults, and those in studies with mixed stroke cohorts.
Acute oxygen sensing by arterial chemoreceptors with a mutant mitochondrial complex I ND6 subunit lacking reverse electron transport
Authors: Torres‐López María , Spiller Pedro F. , Gao Lin , García‐Flores Paula , Murphy Michael P. , Ortega‐Sáenz Patricia , López‐Barneo José
Published: February 2025

Carotid body glomus cells are essential for stimulating breathing in response to hypoxia. They contain specialized mitochondria in which hypoxia induces the accumulation of NADH and H2O2 that modulate membrane ion channel activity. We investigated whether hypoxia induces reverse electron transport (RET) at mitochondrial complex I (MCI). We studied glomus cells from mice with a mutation in ND6, a core protein of MCI, which maintain normal MCI NADH dehydrogenase activity but cannot catalyze RET. The ND6 mutation increases the propensity of MCI to deactivate, and glomus cells with deactivated MCI are insensitive to acute hypoxia. These findings further indicate that MCI function is necessary for glomus cell responsiveness to hypoxia, although MCI RET does not seem to be required for this process.