bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexual transmission may drive pair similarity of the cloacal microbiome in a polyandrous species
Authors: Prüter Hanna , Gillingham Mark A. F. , Krietsch Johannes , Kuhn Sylvia , Kempenaers Bart
Published: May 2023

All animals host a microbial community within and on their reproductive organs, known as the reproductive microbiome. In free‐living birds, studies on the sexual transmission of bacteria have typically focused on a few pathogens instead of the bacterial community as a whole, despite a potential link to reproductive function. Theory predicts higher sexual transmission of the reproductive microbiome in females via the males' ejaculates and higher rates of transmission in promiscuous systems.

We studied the cloacal microbiome of breeding individuals of a socially polyandrous, sex‐role‐reversed shorebird, the red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius). We expected (i) higher microbial diversity in females compared to males; (ii) low compositional differentiation between sexes; (iii) lower variation in composition between individuals (i.e. microbiome dispersion) in females than in males; (iv) convergence in composition as the breeding season progresses as a consequence of sexual transmission and/or shared habitat use; and (v) higher similarity in microbial composition between social pair members than between two random opposite‐sex individuals.

We found no or small between‐sex differences in cloacal microbiome diversity/richness and composition. Dispersion of predicted functional pathways was lower in females than in males. As predicted, microbiome dispersion decreased with sampling date relative to clutch initiation of the social pair. Microbiome composition was significantly more similar among social pair members than among two random opposite‐sex individuals. Pair membership explained 21.5% of the variation in taxonomic composition and 10.1% of functional profiles, whereas temporal and sex effects explained only 0.6%–1.6%. Consistent with evidence of functional convergence of reproductive microbiomes within pairs, some select taxa and predicted functional pathways were less variable between social pair members than between random opposite‐sex individuals.

As predicted if sexual transmission of the reproductive microbiome is high, sex differences in microbiome composition were weak in a socially polyandrous system with frequent copulations. Moreover, high within‐pair similarity in microbiome composition, particularly for a few taxa spanning the spectrum of the beneficial–pathogenic axis, demonstrates the link between mating behaviour and the reproductive microbiome. Our study is consistent with the hypothesis that sexual transmission plays an important role in driving reproductive microbiome ecology and evolution.
Settling institutional uncertainty: Policing Chicago and New York, 1877–1923
Authors: Koehler Johann , Cheng Tony
Published: May 2023

We show how both the Chicago Police Department and the New York Police Department sought to settle uncertainty about their propriety and purpose during a period when abrupt transformations destabilized urban order and called the police mandate into question. By comparing annual reports that the Chicago Police Department and the New York Police Department published from 1877 to 1923, we observe two techniques in how the police enacted that settlement:identificationof the problems that the police believed themselves uniquely well equipped to manage andauthorizationof the powers necessary to do so. Comparison of identification and authorization yields insights into the role that these police departments played in convergent and divergent constructions of disorder and, in turn, into Progressivism's varying effects in early urban policing.
Spatial‐temporal shifting patterns and in situ conservation of spotted seal (Phoca largha) populations in the Yellow Sea ecoregion
Authors: ZHUANG Hongfei , SHAO Fei , ZHANG Chao , XIA Wancai , WANG Shouqiang , QU Fangyuan , WANG Zongling , LU Zhichuang , ZHAO Linlin , ZHANG Zhaohui
Published: May 2023

Understanding the habitat shifting pattern is a prerequisite for implementing in situ conservation of migratory species. Spotted seals (Phoca largha) inhabiting the Yellow Sea ecoregion (YSE) comprise a small population with independent genes and represent a charismatic flagship species in this region. However, this population has declined by 80% since the 1940s, and increased support from the countries around the YSE is urgently needed to address the potential local extinction risk. A time‐series niche model and life‐history weighted systematic conservation planning were designed on the basis of a satellite beacon tracking survey (2010–2020) of the YSE population. The results showed clustering and spreading shifting patterns during the breeding and migratory seasons, respectively. The closed‐loop migration route formed in the YSE indicated that this population might be geographically isolated from populations in other breeding areas around the world. The conservation priority area (CPA), with an area of 19 632 km2 (3.58% of the total YSE area), was the most effective response to the potential in situ risk. However, nearly 80% of the CPA was exposed outside the existing marine protected areas (MPAs). Future establishment of MPAs in China should strategically consider the conservation gap identified herein, and it is recommended for Korea's closed fishing season to be spatially set in the western Korean Peninsula from May to August. This study also exemplified that the lack of temporal information would lead to the dislocation of niche modeling for migratory species represented by spotted seals. Attention should be paid to protecting small and migratory populations in marine biodiversity conservation planning.
Exudative age‐related macular degeneration lesion components predicting microperimetric retinal sensitivity during anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor treatment
Authors: Bygglin Henrik , Immonen Ilkka , Luoma Arto , Hautamäki Asta
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To analyse the effect of exudative age‐related macular degeneration (eAMD) lesion components on retinal sensitivity during anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor treatment.

Methods

Visual acuity, fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) angiographies, autofluorescence images, microperimetries and optical coherence tomographies (OCTs) of 24 eyes of 24 patients were prospectively analysed in a 2‐year study of pro‐re‐nata bevacizumab treatment for eAMD. Microperimetries were aligned with the OCTs, angiographies and autofluorescence images. Thicknesses of the neuroretina, pigment epithelial (RPE) elevation, neuroepithelial detachment (NED), subretinal tissue (SRT) and cystic intraretinal fluid were measured under each stimulus site, and areas of type 1 and type 2 macular neovascularizations (MNVs), ICG plaque, haemorrhage and RPE atrophy were identified. The effects and predictive values of lesion components on retinal sensitivity were analysed with multivariate mixed linear models for repeated measurements.

Results

The overall microperimetric retinal sensitivity increased during the first year (from 10.1 dB at baseline to 11.9 dB at 1 year; p = 0.021, Wilcoxon signed ranks), but remained the same during the second year (11.5 dB, p = 0.301). The baseline lesion components most strongly predicting deteriorated sensitivity at 1 year were RPE atrophy, the area of Type 2 MNV, intraretinal cysts, haemorrhage, Type 1 MNV and retinal thickening >350 μm. NED and RPE elevation had only small effects. At 2 years, the predictive values of the baseline lesion components remained quite unchanged.

Conclusion

The most powerful predictors of retinal sensitivity loss during 2 years of treatment were RPE atrophy, areas of haemorrhage, the area of MNVs, intraretinal cysts and SRT. RPE elevation and NED had lesser effects.
Cooperative membership and new technology adoption of family farms: Evidence from China
Authors: Wu Fang , Guo Xibao , Guo Xia
Published: May 2023

Various policies have been implemented to encourage the development of family farms and cooperatives in the past decade in China. New technology adoption is a crucial part in promoting the performance of family farms. However, empirical evidence on whether and how cooperatives would facilitate family farms to adopt new technologies remains unclear. To address the gap, this paper examines the impact of family farms’ cooperative membership on new technology adoption (i.e., new varieties, new machinery, new fertilizers, new pesticides, new pest control techniques, new production methods and new management methods). Using novel survey data from 848 family farms in China, and employing both propensity score matching approach and endogenous switching probit model, we find that for family farms, cooperative membership has positive and significant impacts on new technology adoption. When looking into different types of technology, we find that the impacts are larger on the adoption of new methods than new techniques. Moreover, the impacts are larger for family farms with lower operation income and smaller size. The findings provide important insights for policymakers tasked with promoting agricultural technology adoption.
Robot‐assisted adrenalectomy using a hinotori surgical robot system: Report of first series of six cases
Authors: Motoyama Daisuke , Matsushita Yuto , Watanabe Hiromitsu , Tamura Keita , Otsuka Atsushi , Fujisawa Masato , Miyake Hideaki
Published: May 2023

Aim

The hinotori surgical robot system, a newly launched platform, has already been utilized in several urological robotic surgeries; however, limited information is available in terms of its feasibility and safety in each type of surgery. The objectives of this study were to describe the perioperative outcomes of the first series of six patients who underwent robot‐assisted adrenalectomy (RAA) using hinotori, and compare the outcomes with a similar set of five patients undergoing RAA with the existing system, da Vinci.

Methods

This study included a total of 11 consecutive patients with adrenal tumors undergoing RAA between July 2020 and November 2022 at our institution. Comprehensive perioperative outcomes in these patients were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Median age, body mass index (BMI), and tumor diameter in the hinotori group were 48 years, 27.5 kg/m2, and 36 mm, respectively, and four patients were diagnosed with a functioning tumor, consisting of three and one with hypersecretion of cortisol and catecholamine, respectively. All procedures using hinotori were performed via the transperitoneal approach, and could be completed without conversion to open surgery. Median operative time, time using robotic system, the estimated blood loss, and length of hospital stay in this group were 119 min, 58 min, 8 mL, and 7 days, respectively, and no patient experienced major perioperative complications. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between the hinotori and da Vinci groups, and no significant differences in the perioperative outcomes were noted between these two groups.

Conclusion

Despite being a small case series, this is the first study focusing on RAA using the hinotori surgical robot system, which could be efficaciously performed, resulting in the achievement of perioperative findings comparable with those of the da Vinci system.
Geographical variation in persistence to oral anticoagulation therapy and clinical outcomes among patients with atrial fibrillation initiating therapy in Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland
Authors: Vinter Nicklas , Halminen Olli , Lehto Mika , Airaksinen K. E. Juhani , Andersson Tomas , Wändell Per , Holzmann Martin , Rutherford Ole‐Christian , Halvorsen Sigrun , Cordsen Pia , Frost Lars , Johnsen Søren Paaske
Published: May 2023

Aim

To examine inter‐national and regional variations in persistence of oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy and incidence of clinical outcomes and mortality, among patients with incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Nordic countries.

Methods

We conducted a registry‐based multinational cohort study of OAC‐naïve patients diagnosed with AF that redeemed at least one prescription of OAC after AF in Denmark (N = 25 585), Sweden (N = 59 455), Norway (N = 40 046) and Finland (N = 22 415). Persistence was dispensing at least one prescription of OAC from Day 365 after the first prescription and 90 days forward.

Results

Persistence was 73.6% (95% confidence interval 73.0–74.1) in Denmark, 71.1% (70.7–71.4) in Sweden, 89.3% (88.2–90.1) in Norway and 68.6% (68.0–69.3) in Finland. One‐year risk of ischemic stroke varied between 2.0% (1.8–2.1) in Norway and 1.5% (1.4–1.6) in Sweden and 1.5% (1.3–1.6) in Finland. One‐year risk of major bleeding other than intracranial bleeding varied between 2.1% (1.9–2.2) in Norway and 5.9% (5.6–6.2) in Denmark. One‐year mortality risk varied between 9.3% (8.9–9.6) in Denmark and 4.2% (4.0–4.4) in Norway.

Conclusion

In OAC‐naïve patients with incident AF, persistence of OAC therapy and clinical outcomes vary across Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland. Initiation of real‐time efforts are warranted to ensure uniform high‐quality care across nations and regions.
Endoscope‐assisted maxillary sinus floor augmentation with a mini‐lateral window: A retrospective study
Authors: Ye Guanchen , Yu Xiaowen , Wang Baixiang , Zhou Yu , Yu Mengfei , Wang Huiming
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of endoscope‐controlled sinus floor augmentation through a mini‐lateral window, compared with traditional lateral window approach.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective research included 19 patients and 20 augmented sinuses using lateral window approach with simultaneous implant placement (test group: a 3–4 mm round osteotomy; control group: a 10 × 8 mm rectangular osteotomy). Preoperatively (T0), immediately after surgery (T1), and 6 months postoperatively (T2), cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained. Residual bone height (RBH), lateral window dimension (LWD), endo‐sinus bone gain (ESBG), apical bone height (ABH), and bone density were measured. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Patients' evaluation of pain first day after surgery and a week later was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS).

Results

No significant difference was found in ESBG, ABH between the two groups at T1, T2 or their changes from T1 to T2. However, the increase of bone density value in the test group was significantly higher than control group (356.28 ± 149.59 vs. 242.99 ± 129.54; p < 0.05). The sinus perforation rate of test and control group was 10% and 20%, respectively. The VAS score of the test group at the first day after surgery was significantly lower than control group (4.20 ± 1.03 vs. 5.60 ± 1.71; p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Endoscope‐controlled maxillary sinus floor augmentation through a mini‐lateral window yield similar result with traditional approach in terms of bone height gain. The modified approach could facilitate new bone formation, reducing sinus perforation rate and postoperative pain.
Involving people with lived experience in developing a core outcome set for implant dentistry research. The Implant Dentistry‐Core Outcomes Sets and Measures (ID‐COSM) project
Authors: Needleman Ian , Sanz Mariano , Carrillo de Albornoz Ana , Safii Syarida , Hassan Norul Husna Mohamad , Qian Shujiao , Tonetti Maurizio
Published: May 2023

Aims

The aims of this project were to establish the outcomes for dental implant research that are important to people with lived experience (PWLE) and to achieve consensus with those developed by dental professionals (DPs) for a core outcome set (COS). This paper reports the process, outcomes and experiences of involving PWLE in developing a COS for dental implant research: the Implant Dentistry Core Outcome Sets and Measures project.

Materials and Methods

Overall methods were guided by the Core Outcome Set Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) initiative. Initial outcome identification was achieved from focus groups with PWLE employing calibrated methods across two low‐middle‐income countries (China and Malaysia) and two high‐income countries (Spain and the United Kingdom). Following consolidation of the results, the outcomes were incorporated into a three‐stage Delphi process with PWLE participation. Finally, consensus between PWLE and DPs was achieved using a mixed live and recorded platform. The experiences of PWLE involvement in the process was also evaluated.

Results

Thirty‐one PWLE participated in four focus groups. Thirty‐four outcomes were suggested across the focus groups. Evaluation of the focus groups revealed a high level of satisfaction with the engagement process and some new learning. Seventeen PWLE contributed to the first 2 Delphi rounds and 7 to the third round. The final consensus included 17 PWLE (47%) and 19 DPs (53%). Out of the total of 11 final consensus outcomes considered essential by both PWLE and health professionals, 7 (64%) outcomes mapped across to ones that PWLE initially identified, broadening their definition. One outcome (PWLE effort required for treatment and maintenance) was entirely novel.

Conclusions

We conclude that engaging PWLE in COS development can be achieved across widely different communities. Furthermore, the process both broadened and enriched overall outcome consensus, yielding important and novel perspectives for health‐related research.
Multi‐stakeholder contribution to the identification of a core outcome set and measurements in implant dentistry (ID‐COSM initiative) using the Delphi methodology
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Carrillo de Albornoz Ana , Martín Conchita , Needleman Ian , Tonetti Maurizio S.
Published: May 2023

Aim

To obtain input from multiple stakeholders and generate agreement on essential outcomes in implant dentistry using the Delphi methodology and incorporate them into an international consensus defining a core outcome set.

Materials and Methods

Candidate outcomes in implant dentistry were generated from scientific evidence through five commissioned systematic reviews and from people with lived experience in dental implants (PWLE) through four international focus groups. A steering committee identified stakeholders among representatives from dental professionals, industry‐related experts and PWLE. Participants underwent a three‐round Delphi survey using a multi‐stakeholder approach; they assessed candidate outcomes and additional outcomes identified in the first Delphi round. The process followed the COMET methodology.

Results

From the 665 potential outcomes identified in the systematic reviews and 89 in the PWLE focus group, the steering committee selected 100 and organized them into 13 categories, to be included in the first‐round questionnaire as candidate outcomes. A total of 99 dental experts, 7 dental‐industry‐related experts and 17 PWLE participated in the first round, and 11 additional outcomes were added to the second round. There was no attrition between the first and second rounds, where 61 (54.9%) outcomes exceeded the pre‐established threshold of agreement. PWLE and experts participated in the third round that applied “a priori” standard filters to distil a list of candidate essential outcomes.

Conclusion

This Delphi study utilized a standardized, transparent and inclusive methodology and preliminarily validated 13 essential outcomes organized into four core areas. These results informed the final stage of the ID‐COSM consensus.
People who use drugs in hospital settings: ‘Moving towards a person‐centred harm reduction model’
Authors: Naren Thileepan , MacCartney Paul , Crawford Sione , Cook Jon
Published: May 2023

People who use drugs often continue to use drugs while in hospital. However, health‐care systems often expect abstinence from drugs as a condition of engagement in various services. This commentary piece proposes that this approach is inconsistent with the principles of person‐centred care. A harm reduction‐based approach in conjunction with collaboration of people who use drugs is proposed as a model for providing person‐centred care to people who use drugs during hospital‐based treatment.
Topical treatment of psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Ramic Lejla , Sator Paul
Published: May 2023

Topical therapy plays an important role in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the gold standard in mild psoriasis cases and is also recommended in addition to UV and systemic therapy in cases of moderate to severe psoriasis. In this overview article we summarize the current therapeutic options, taking into account special localizations (scalp, facial, intertriginous/genital, or palmoplantar lesions) and situations (hyperkeratotic or inflammatory forms), as well as the therapy options during pregnancy and breastfeeding. In the initial phase, the combination of topical corticosteroids and vitamin D analogues has proven to be the therapy of choice, as well as monotherapy in each case. In maintenance therapy, fixed combination therapy is recommended once or twice a week.

In addition to the right choice of active substances, the choice of the right formulation also plays an important role. To increase adherence, it is very important to consider the personal preferences and experiences of the patient. If topical therapy does not lead to a satisfactory result, additional UV therapy or systemic therapy should be considered.
Research in practice: Diet and microbiome in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Vorobyev Artem , Ludwig Ralf J
Published: May 2023

The incidence of autoimmune diseases in industrialized countries is constantly increasing over past decades. These diseases lead to increased mortality and persistent reduction in quality of life of the patients, posing a severe medical burden. Treatment of autoimmune diseases is often based on unspecific immune suppression, increasing the risk of infectious diseases as well as cancer manifestation. Pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions is complex and includes not only genetic factors, but also environmental influence, which is considered to be the reason for the rise of incidence of autoimmune diseases. Environmental factors comprise numerous elements, such as infections, smoking, medication, diet etc., which can either promote or prevent the onset of autoimmunity. However, the mechanisms of environmental influence are complex and for this moment not clearly understood. Deciphering of these interactions could enhance our comprehension of autoimmunity and provide some novel treatment options for the patients.
Congenital left atrial appendage ostial stenosis in an extremely premature infant diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: García Diego , Huntsman Joseph , Sisk David , Price Angelina M. , Schock Stephanie N. , Klewer Scott E. , Seckeler Michael D.
Published: May 2023

Congenital left atrial appendage ostial stenosis is a very rare congenital cardiac condition. We present the case of an extremely premature infant with congenital left atrial appendage ostial stenosis diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiographic imaging.
Changes in familial discussions among East Asian American families during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kim Sei Eun , Zhao Zhenqiang , Toomey Russell B.
Published: May 2023

Objective

We examined the degrees of change in familial discussions about racial issues (i.e., race, ethnicity, racism, and discrimination) due to the surge of anti‐Asian discrimination during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Background

Asian American family racial–ethnic socialization that teaches the values, information, and perspectives about racial–ethnic group membership and race relations carry great implications for youth development. However, little is known about how anti‐Asian sentiments may have contributed to the degrees of change in racial issues.

Method

The participants included 143 second‐generation East Asian American youth (e.g., Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Taiwanese) ages 11–18 years (M = 14.96, SD = 1.98). Youth were attending middle (38%) or high (62%) schools in the United States.

Results

Latent profile analysis identified four profiles of degrees of change in familial discussions: (a) moderate change in racial discussions about other ethnicities, (b) much change in racial discussions, (c) moderate change in racial discussions about own ethnicities, and (d) little change in racial discussions.

Conclusion

Our findings provide a snapshot of the ways East Asian American families' racial discussions are changing, which in turn shape youth's experiences in navigating their social contexts.

Implications

The findings provide valuable directions for research and interventions to promote important racial discussion among East Asian American families.
Flood risk and corporate future orientation: Evidence from sea level rise risk
Authors: Du Qingjie , Tsang Albert , Wang Yang
Published: May 2023

We find that firms located in US counties with higher sea level rise (SLR) risk engage less in future‐oriented activities, that is, lower corporate social responsibility performance, lower R&D investment and fewer patents granted than firms in counties with lower SLR risk. The effect is strengthened when media attention on climate change is high, when the firm has a high level of prior long‐term investment and when the firm is managed by a young CEO and a CEO who has a greater tendency to avoid uncertainty, whereas it is weakened when the firm's CEO is near retirement and when the firm is geographically diversified. Overall, we document a negative relationship between flood risk exposure and corporate future orientation, suggesting that firms change their future‐oriented attitude in response to concern over climate risks.
Skin microbiome dysbiosis and the role of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis in adults and children: A narrative review
Authors: Demessant‐Flavigny Anne‐Laure , Connétable Sophie , Kerob Delphine , Moreau Magali , Aguilar Luc , Wollenberg Andreas
Published: May 2023

A dysfunctional epidermal barrier, which may be associated with mutations in the filaggrin gene in genetically predisposed individuals or harmful effects of environmental agents and allergens, contributes to the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) due to an interplay between the epithelial barrier, immune defence and the cutaneous microbiome. The skin of patients with AD is frequently over‐colonized by biofilm‐growing Staphylococcus aureus, especially during flares, causing dysbiosis of the cutaneous microbiota and a decrease in bacterial diversity that inversely correlates with AD severity. Specific changes in the skin microbiome can be present before clinical AD onset in infancy. Additionally, local skin anatomy, lipid content, pH, water activity and sebum secretion differ between children and adults and generally correlate with the predominant microbiota. Considering the importance of S. aureus in AD, treatments aimed at reducing over‐colonization to rebalance microbial diversity may help manage AD and reduce flares. Anti‐staphylococcal interventions in AD will contribute to a decrease in S. aureus superantigens and proteases that cause damage and inflammation of the skin barrier while concomitantly increasing the proportion of commensal bacteria that secrete antimicrobial molecules that protect healthy skin from invading pathogens. This review summarizes the latest data on targeting skin microbiome dysbiosis and S. aureus over‐colonization to treat AD in adults and children. Indirect AD therapies, including emollients ‘plus’, anti‐inflammatory topicals and monoclonal antibodies, may have an impact on S. aureus and help control bacterial diversity. Direct therapies, including antibacterial treatments (antiseptics/topical or systemic antibiotics), and innovative treatments specifically targeting S. aureus (e.g. anti‐S. aureus endolysin, and autologous bacteriotherapy), may be effective alternatives to mitigate against an increase in microbial resistance and allow a proportionate increase in the commensal microbiota.
Research on rice grain damage behavior with experimental and finite element modeling
Authors: Yang Liu , Luo Yang , Xiao Xuan , Li Yu , Zhao Junhua , Pei Houchang , Song Shaoyun , Zhang Yonglin
Published: May 2023

Understanding the rice grain breakage mechanism is important to increase head rice yield. In this work, a developed mechanical experimental setup is produced, combing a texture analyzer with in situ observation. Grain damage behavior was researched with experimental and finite element modeling. Experimental results showed rice breaking force is closely related to pressing speed and rice length. Three models simulation (ellipsoidal model E model, three section model T model, real shape model R model) results show that the E model is not suitable for quasi‐static compression simulation, the peak force is 35.897% error with testing. T and R modeling results error is within 10%, the broken form is closely related to the dorsal groove and ridge. Initial cracks exit in the area close to the probe and expand inward. Surface cracks happen when element stress exceeds the tensile strength. These findings provide a theoretical basis for broken rice rate reduction during processing.
Two case studies of the treatment of simple onycholysis with disappearing nail bed caused by trauma by combined pharmacological, orthonyxia and taping methods
Authors: Adamczyk Katarzyna , Garncarczyk Agnieszka , Wcisło‐Dziadecka Dominika
Published: May 2023

Background

Simple onycholysis is a common complaint after trauma and consists in separation of the nail plate from the nail bed. If untreated, prolonged onycholysis may cause a disappearing nail bed (DNB) that leads to the shortening or narrowing of the nail plate.

Objectives

This study is aimed at discussing possible treatment of chronic simple onycholysis with DNB by combined conservative methods.

Methods

Simple onycholysis and DNB treatment consists of Onygen® cream application, nail bed massages, bracing procedures and nail folds taping with kinesio tape.

Results

Long‐lasting simple onycholysis with DNB may be fully eliminated by applying the combined pharmacological, orthonyxia and taping treatment.

Conclusion

Advanced simple onycholysis, which leads to the DNB and, in consequence, to the shortening or narrowing of the nail plate, causes cosmetic discomfort for patients. A damaged nail apparatus is also more susceptible to new traumas. Even long‐standing onycholysis with DNB can be successfully treated with easy‐to‐apply conservative methods. The key point of therapy is the use of several methods of treatment with different effects on the nail apparatus. The effects of described therapy are highly satisfactory, the only drawback being its long term, which is caused by slow growth of the nails.
Bibliometric analysis of post‐traumatic growth after childbirth
Authors: Chen Jiu‐Li , Duan Xiu‐Fang , Zheng Li‐Na , Nie Xiao‐Fei , Zhang Qiong
Published: May 2023

Aim

To make a bibliometric analysis on post‐traumatic growth (PTG) after childbirth.

Methods

The topic advanced search strategy extracted the information from the Web of Science Core Collection. Descriptive statistics were performed using Excel, and bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer.

Results

A total of 362 publications were published in 199 journals were obtained in the WoSCC from 1999 to 2022. Postpartum post‐traumatic growth is in a trend of fluctuating growth, and the United States (N = 156) and Bar‐Ilan University (N = 22) were the top contributing countries and institutions, respectively. Research hotspots mainly focus on theoretical models of PTG, postpartum post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a predictor of PTG, facilitators of PTG, and the relationship between mother‐infant attachment and PTG.

Conclusion

This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on PTG after childbirth, an area that has received considerable scholarly attention in recent years. However, research on post‐traumatic growth after childbirth is lacking, and further research is needed.
Assessment of oral health literacy and oral health‐related quality of life in Saudi university students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kandasamy Geetha , Almaghaslah Dalia , Vasudevan Rajalakshimi , Shorog Eman , Alshahrani Asma M. , Alsawaq Enas , Alzlaiq Wafa , Prabahar Kousalya , Veeramani Vinoth Prabhu , Alshareef Hanan
Published: May 2023

Background

Oral health literacy was recognized as important to encouraging oral health and avoiding oral health diseases. It is recognized that socioeconomic conditions are also influential factors in oral health. Therefore, oral health is an important part of individuals' quality of life and general health.

Objectives

This study was conducted to assess oral health literacy (OHL) and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) among undergraduate students studying at university.

Methods

A prospective cross‐sectional study was carried out from November to February 2023 among the students of King Khalid University. OHL and OHRQoL were assessed using a Rapid estimate of adult literacy in dentistry‐30 (REALD‐30) and oral health impact profile (OHIP‐14). Further, Pearson's correlation tests were used to measure the correlation between REALD‐30 and OHIP‐14.

Results

Among the 394 completed respondents, the majority were aged >20 years (n = 221; 56.09%), aged <20 years (n = 173; 43.91%), female (n = 324; 82.23%) and male (n = 70; 17.7%). Participants from health‐related colleges were (n = 343; 87.06%), and other colleges were (n = 51; 12.94%) *p < .04. Participants brushing frequency once daily were (n = 165; 41.88%) twice or more per day (n = 229; 58.12%) *p < .018. The overall mean REALD‐30 score of the participants was 11.76 ± 0.17 indicating low OHL. The higher mean score of OHIP‐14 for the following domains physical pain 12.93 ± 0.56, physical disability 12.05 ± 0.72 and psychological disability 12.71 ± 0.76. Oral health impact profile‐14 and REALD showed a positive correlation for health‐related colleges (r = .314; *p < .002) and other colleges (r = .09;p < .072). However, a significant correlation was observed between REALD‐30 and OHIP‐14 scores among health‐related colleges (p < .05). The current study concluded that self‐rated poor oral health is significantly linked with OHIP‐14 scores. Furthermore, systematic health education programs such as regular dental check‐ups for college students must be arranged to assist in changing the student's everyday life and oral health behaviours.
A 20‐year scoping review of the veterinary interventional radiology and interventional endoscopy literature (2000‐2019)
Authors: Samuel Nina , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Culp William T. N. , Palm Carrie A.
Published: May 2023

Background

Interventional radiology (IR) and interventional endoscopy (IE) have broad potential for minimally invasive therapy in veterinary patients, but the scope of original peer‐reviewed veterinary IR/IE research publications has not been described.

Objectives

Catalogue published applications and indications for noncardiac therapeutic IR/IE in animals and describe type and quality of veterinary IR/IE research over 20 years.

Methods

Highly‐cited veterinary journals were searched to identify articles published 2000 to 2019 involving therapeutic IR/IE applications for clinical veterinary patients. Articles were assigned a level of evidence (LOE) according to published standards. Authorship, animal data, study design, and interventions were described. Change in publication rate, study size, and LOE of IR/IE articles over time was analyzed.

Results

One hundred fifty‐nine of 15 512 (1%) articles were eligible, including 2972 animals. All studies were low LOE and 43% were case reports with ≤5 animals. Number of IR/IE articles per year (P < .001), proportion of journals' articles pertaining to IR/IE (P = .02), and study size (P = .04) all increased over time, but LOE (P = .07) did not. Common target body systems were urinary (40%), digestive (23%) respiratory (20%), and vascular (13%). Common indications were nonvascular luminal obstructions (47%), object retrieval (14%), and congenital anomalies (13%). Most procedures involved indwelling medical devices or embolic agents, whereas tissue resection and other procedures were less common. Procedures utilized fluoroscopy (43%), endoscopy (33%), ultrasound (8%), digital radiography (1%), or fluoroscopy in combination with other modalities (16%).

Conclusions

Treatments involving IR/IE have wide applicability in veterinary medicine but large, rigorous, and comparative studies describing these procedures are lacking.
The need for robust critique of arts and health research: Dance‐movement therapy, girls, and depression
Authors: Grebosz‐Haring Katarzyna , Thun‐Hohenstein Leonhard , Schuchter‐Wiegand Anna K. , Bathke Arne C. , Clift Stephen
Published: May 2023

We examine a highly cited randomized controlled trial on dance‐movement therapy with adolescent girls with mild depression and examine its treatment in 14 evidence reviews and meta‐analyses of dance research. We demonstrate substantial limitations in the trial which seriously undermine the conclusions reached regarding the effectiveness of dance movement therapy in reducing depression. We also show that the dance research reviews vary substantially in their treatment of the study. Some reviews provide a positive assessment of the study and take its findings at face value without critical commentary. Others are critical of the study, identifying significant limitations, but showing marked differences in Cochrane Risk of Bias assessments. Drawing on recent criticisms of systematic reviewing and meta‐analysis, we consider how reviews can be so variable and discuss what is needed to improve the quality of primary studies, systematic reviews, and meta‐analyses in the field of creative arts and health.
Leptin–VEGF crosstalk in excess body mass and related disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Skrypnik Damian , Skrypnik Katarzyna , Suliburska Joanna , Bogdański Paweł
Published: May 2023

By 2030, it is expected that a billion people will have suffer from obesity. Adipose tissue synthesizes leptin, an adipokine that affects cardiovascular risk. Leptin intensifies the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Our study reviews recent reports on leptin–VEGF crosstalk in obesity and related disorders. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched. One hundred and one articles involving human, animal, and in vitro research were included. In vitro studies show the crucial role of interaction between endothelial cells and adipocytes and hypoxia as a factor that intensifies leptin's effects on VEGF. Leptin–VEGF crosstalk promotes the progression of cancer. The animal research reveal that a high‐fat diet enhances leptin and VEGF crosstalk. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and procreator‐offspring programming may be involved in leptin–VEGF crosstalk. Some female‐specific characteristics of leptin–VEGF relation in obesity were observed. The human studies have shown that increased leptin and VEGF synthesis and leptin–VEGF crosstalk are factors linking obesity with elevated cardiovascular risk. The studies of the last 10 years documented a range of significant aspects of leptin–VEGF crosstalk specific for obesity and related disorders, shedding new light on the link between obesity and increased cardiovascular risk.
Does Preoperative Activity Level Affect Postoperative Clinical Outcomes Following Hip Arthroscopy in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome (FAIS) Patients?
Authors: Yang Fan , Shao Jiayi , Zheng Xiaoyan , Bi Guijuan , Zhang Xin , Huang Hongjie , Wang Jianquan
Published: May 2023

Objective

When considering surgical treatment options, many patients who undergo hip arthroscopy value continuing active lifestyles. To address these concerns, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of preoperative activity level on postoperative patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) patients following hip arthroscopy.

Methods

Data was retrospectively reviewed for FAIS patients who received hip arthroscopy between 2016 and 2018. Patients were divided into active group and inactive group based on preoperative HOS‐SSS scores. Preoperative active patients were 1:1 propensity‐score matched to inactive patients based on age, sex, BMI, and follow‐up period. PROs (HOS‐ADL, HOS‐ADL, iHOT‐12, mHHS), VAS scores, radiographic measures, performed procedures, complications, and revision surgery were compared and analyzed for both groups by Student's t test.

Results

A total of 71 patients in the active group and 71 patients in the inactive group were found using propensity‐score matching. Active patients had superior preoperative HOS‐ADL, HOS‐SSS, iHOT‐12, mHHS (p < 0.001 for all), and VAS (p = 0.002) scores compared with inactive patients. At the final follow‐up, active patients still had better PROs in HOS‐ADL (p = 0.003), HOS‐SSS (p < 0.001), iHOT‐12 (p = 0.043), and mHHS scores (p = 0.003). There was no difference detected in postoperative VAS score (p = 0.117) between the two groups. However, inactive patients showed significantly higher net improvement in HOS‐ADL (p = 0.009), HOS‐SSS (p = 0.005), and iHOT‐12 (p = 0.023).

Conclusions

Active patients have absolute higher preoperative PROs and achieve better postoperative PROs than inactive patients. However, inactive patients can obtain greater net improvements in PROs following hip arthroscopic surgery, with comparable pain alleviation as active patients.
A crosswalk of foundational BSN population health documents and the AACN essentials
Authors: DeBlieck Conni J. , Correa Priscella , Whitten LaDonna J. , Gross Megan , Blanchette Lynn P. , Darnall Teresa E. , Hernández Christina
Published: May 2023

To guide the development of entry‐level nursing education, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) published the Essentials document in 2021 with a broadened scope of competencies. Community, population, and public health (CPPH) nurse educators use a number of foundational documents to crosswalk for gaps in the AACN principles, highlighting the need of including these contemporary documents within the baccalaureate CPPH nursing curriculum. In this crosswalk, the authors highlight important capabilities and knowledge exclusive to these fundamental documents and tools, as well as the relevance of these competencies and knowledge to CPPH baccalaureate nursing education.
Rats claiming rights? More‐than‐human acts of denizenship in Amsterdam
Authors: de Bondt Herre , de Wilde Mandy , Jaffe Rivke
Published: May 2023

The anthropology of citizenship has sought to understand citizenship beyond formal‐legal definitions, including a focus on how those who are legally without citizenship rights also engage in everyday acts of political claims‐making. While this emphasis on the enactment of citizenship has expanded our understanding of who counts as a political being, it has also been obviously human centered. Might we also understand animals’ acts, their presence and movements, as having the potential to constitute political constituents? This article develops a more‐than‐human perspective on political claims‐making by connecting insights from human‐animal studies to the anthropology of citizenship. We draw on research on rats in Amsterdam to propose an understanding of these animals’ interventions in the urban built environment as more‐than‐human “acts of denizenship.” Focusing on different forms of rat behavior, we analyze rats’ mundane interactions and relations with the city's residents, infrastructure, and other animals as forms of claims‐making. We see the behavior as efforts that are partially recognized by humans and that, as such, can be understood as enacting a relation of denizenship. Such attention to how rats act in and on urban space, we suggest, can help us conceptualize political agency and the formation of political belonging in ways that extend beyond the human.
Using return on investment and resiliency return on investment for preparedness
Authors: Smith James F.
Published: May 2023

Return on investment (ROI) has long been accepted as a primary tool for decision‐making for capital investments and even choices among competing operational budget lines. Applying ROI to investments intended to prevent or mitigate future risks and hazards can be very difficult, as benefits are typically arduous to define and calculate while risk probabilities can be very small. This paper uses examples from recent research concerning law enforcement, airport security, and airport resiliency to illustrate the feasibility of computing ROI and resiliency ROI (RROI) for such investments and to suggest methodology to approach these computations.
Contingency, arbitrariness, and the basis of moral equality
Authors: Floris Giacomo
Published: May 2023

Hardly anyone denies that (nearly) all human beings have equal moral status and therefore should be considered and treated as equals. Yet, if humans possess the property that confers moral status upon them to an unequal degree, how come they should be considered and treated as equals? It has been argued that this is because the variations in the degree to which the status‐conferring property is held above a relevant threshold are contingencies that do not generate differences in degrees of moral status. Call this the contingency argument for the basis of moral equality. In this paper, I reject the contingency argument. Instead, I develop an attitude‐based account of the basis of moral equality: according to this account, the basis of moral equality lies in a fitting, basic, and independent moral attitude which is owed to human beings qua moral status‐holders, and provides a coherent and plausible explanation for why the variations above the threshold for moral status do not matter.
Some questions of ethics in randomized controlled trials
Authors: Khera Reetika
Published: May 2023

Questions of ethics in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in development economics need greater attention and a wider perspective. RCTs are meant to be governed by the three principles laid out in the Belmont Report, but often violated them, for example, when local laws are flouted. In other cases, the framework of the Belmont Report itself has proved inadequate: for instance, when there are unintended outcomes or adverse events for which no‐one is held accountable. Primarily using RCTs conducted in India, this paper highlights eight areas of concern. RCTs also have a disproportionate influence on shaping research agendas and on policy. Though ethical issues have been raised, there has been little engagement from the RCT community—a manifestation of its power in the profession. As current safeguards (such as oversight by Institutional Review Boards) have failed to protect human subjects, the concluding section discusses possible ways to resolve these issues.