bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and biochar production from Parthenium hysterophorus enhance seed germination and productivity in barley under drought stress
Authors: Gul Farrukh , Khan Irfan Ullah , Rutherford Susan , Dai Zhi-Cong , Li Guanlin , Du Dao-Lin
Published: June 2023

Drought stress can significantly affect plant growth and development. Biochar (BC) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been found to increase plant fertility and development under drought conditions. The single effects of BC and PGPR in different plant species have been widely reported under abiotic stress. However, there have been relatively few studies on the positive role of PGPR, BC, and their combination in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Therefore, the current study investigated the effects of BC from Parthenium hysterophorus, drought tolerant PGPR (Serratia odorifera), and the combination of BC + PGPR on the growth, physiology, and biochemical traits of barley plants under drought stress for two weeks. A total of 15 pots were used under five treatments. Each pot of 4 kg soil comprised the control (T0, 90% water), drought stress alone (T1, 30% water), 35 mL PGPR/kg soil (T2, 30% water), 2.5%/kg soil BC (T3, 30% water), and a combination of BC and PGPR (T4, 30% water). Combined PGPR and BC strongly mitigated the negative effects of drought by improving the shoot length (37.03%), fresh biomass (52%), dry biomass (62.5%), and seed germination (40%) compared to the control. The PGPR + BC amendment treatment enhanced physiological traits, such as chlorophyll a (27.9%), chlorophyll b (35.3%), and total chlorophyll (31.1%), compared to the control. Similarly, the synergistic role of PGPR and BC significantly (p< 0.05) enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activity including peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to alleviate the toxicity of ROS. The physicochemical properties (N, K, P, and EL) of the soils were also enhanced by (85%, 33%, 52%, and 58%) respectively, under the BC + PGPR treatment compared to the control and drought stress alone. The findings of this study have suggested that the addition of BC, PGPR, and a combination of both will improve the soil fertility, productivity, and antioxidant defense systems of barley under drought stress. Therefore, BC from the invasive plant P. hysterophorus and PGPR can be applied to water-deficient areas to improve barley crop production.
The moderation of satisfaction with working conditions in the association between workload and mental health among healthcare workers collecting test samples in the post-COVID-19 era
Authors: Wang Kehui , Yang Bin , Wu Cuiping , Zheng Lianxue
Published: June 2023

Background

This study aimed to examine the associations between workload and satisfaction with working conditions and mental health (i.e., anxiety disorder, depression, and somatization) of healthcare workers collecting test samples during the local outbreaks of COVID-19, and explore satisfaction with working conditions as a moderator of these relationships.

Methods

A total of 1,349 participants were obtained via an online survey in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. Multivariate regression was used to assess the associations between workload and satisfaction with working conditions and anxiety disorder, depression, and somatization. The simple slope analysis and Johnson-Neyman technique were used to assess the effect value and change trend of the moderator.

Results

The prevalence of anxiety disorder, depression, and somatization were 8.6, 6.9, and 19.2% of healthcare workers collecting test samples, respectively. High levels of workload were associated with an increased risk of an anxiety disorder (OR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.17–2.78), depression (OR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.19–3.10), and somatization (OR = 1.90, 95%CI = 1.40–2.57), while high satisfaction of working conditions was associated with a reduction in the risk of these outcomes, and ORs (95%CI) were 0.35 (0.20–0.64), 0.27 (0.13–0.56), and 0.32 (0.21–0.48), respectively. The findings also indicated that a weaker association between workload and anxiety disorder, as well as depression and somatization, has been reported in those with a high level of satisfaction with working conditions.

Conclusion

Workload significantly increased the risk of healthcare workers suffering from psychological problems, while satisfaction with working conditions alleviated these negative effects, and effective resource support was crucial for healthcare workers.
Trends in food supply, diet, and the risk of non-communicable diseases in three Small Island Developing States: implications for policy and research
Authors: Halliday Cassandra , Morrissey Karyn , Saint Ville Arlette , Guell Cornelia , Augustus Eden , Guariguata Leonor , Iese Viliamu , Hickey Gordon , Murphy Madhuvanti M. , Haynes Emily , Tescar Roberts Pierre , Duvivier Predner , Unwin Nigel
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Small island developing states (SIDS) are a diverse group of coastal and tropical island countries primarily located in the Caribbean and Pacific. SIDS share unique social, economic, and environmental vulnerabilities, high dependency on food imports, and susceptibility to inadequate, unhealthy diets, with high burdens of two or more types of malnutrition. Our objective was to examine trends in food availability, imports, local production, and risks of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in three SIDS: Haiti, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG) and Fiji.

Methods

Data on food availability, imports, exports, and production was extracted from the Food and Agriculture Organization Database (FAOSTAT), and on overweight, obesity and diabetes prevalence from the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration database (NCD-RisC) from 1980 to 2018. Data were collated, graphed, and used to calculate import dependency ratios (IDRs) using Excel and R software.

Results

Between 1980 and 2018, the availability of calories per capita per day has risen in Fiji and SVG by over 500, to around 3000. In Haiti, the increase is around 200, to a level of 2,200 in 2018, and in all three settings, > 10% of calories in 2018 came from sugar. In Fiji and Haiti, the availability of fruit and vegetables is <400 g per person per day (the minimum intake recommended by WHO). Between 1980 and 2010, both Fiji and SVG experienced high IDRs: around 80% (Fiji) and 65% (SVG). In Haiti, IDR has more than doubled since 1980, to around 30%. The prevalence of obesity (BMI > 30 Kg/m2) has increased since 1980 (by 126% to 800%) and is substantially higher in women. In the most recent data for Fiji, an estimated 35% of women are obese (24% men); in SVG, 30% women (15% men); and in Haiti, 26% women (15% men).

Conclusion

The increase in per capita availability of calories, which has taken place since 1980, is concurrent with an increase in IDR, a loss of local food, and increases in obesity prevalence. These findings highlight the importance of further research to understand the drivers of food supply transformations, and to influence improving nutrition, through production, availability, and consumption of nutritious local foods.
A Multi-Modal Approach to Islet and Pancreas Transplantation With Calcineurin-Sparing Immunosuppression Maintains Long-Term Insulin Independence in Patients With Type I Diabetes
Authors: Wisel Steven A. , Posselt Andrew M. , Szot Gregory L. , Nunez Miguel , Santos-Parker Keli , Gardner James M. , Worner Giulia , Roll Garrett R. , Syed Shareef , Kelly Yvonne , Ward Casey , Tavakol Medhi , Johnson Kristina , Masharani Umesh , Stock Peter G.
Published: June 2023

Long-term success in beta-cell replacement remains limited by the toxic effects of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) on beta-cells and renal function. We report a multi-modal approach including islet and pancreas-after-islet (PAI) transplant utilizing calcineurin-sparing immunosuppression. Ten consecutive non-uremic patients with Type 1 diabetes underwent islet transplant with immunosuppression based on belatacept (BELA; n = 5) or efalizumab (EFA; n = 5). Following islet failure, patients were considered for repeat islet infusion and/or PAI transplant. 70% of patients (four EFA, three BELA) maintained insulin independence at 10 years post-islet transplant, including four patients receiving a single islet infusion and three patients undergoing PAI transplant. 60% remain insulin independent at mean follow-up of 13.3 ± 1.1 years, including one patient 9 years after discontinuing all immunosuppression for adverse events, suggesting operational tolerance. All patients who underwent repeat islet transplant experienced graft failure. Overall, patients demonstrated preserved renal function, with a mild decrease in GFR from 76.5 ± 23.1 mL/min to 50.2 ± 27.1 mL/min (p = 0.192). Patients undergoing PAI showed the greatest degree of renal impairment following initiation of CNI (56% ± 18.7% decrease in GFR). In our series, repeat islet transplant is ineffective at maintaining long-term insulin independence. PAI results in durable insulin independence but is associated with impaired renal function secondary to CNI dependence.
Model Order Reduction of Microactuators: Theory and Application
Authors: Schütz Arwed , Bechtold Tamara
Published: June 2023

This paper provides an overview of techniques of compact modeling via model order reduction (MOR), emphasizing their application to cooperative microactuators. MOR creates highly efficient yet accurate surrogate models, facilitating design studies, optimization, closed-loop control and analyses of interacting components. This is particularly important for microactuators due to the variety of physical effects employed, their short time constants and the many nonlinear effects. Different approaches for linear, parametric and nonlinear dynamical systems are summarized. Three numerical case studies for selected methods complement the paper. The described case studies emerged from the Kick and Catch research project and within a framework of the German Research Foundation’s Priority Program, Cooperative Multistable Multistage Microactuator Systems (KOMMMA).
Effects of Local Mixing Ratios and Mass Flow Rates on Combustion Performance of the Fuel-Rich LOX (Liquid Oxygen)/kerosene Gas Generator in the ATR (Air Turbo Rocket) Engine
Authors: Zhang Yuankun , Zhao Qingjun , Hu Bin , Shi Qiang , Zhao Wei , Xiang Xiaorong
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a numerical simulation analysis of the flow and combustion characteristics of a fuel-rich LOX (liquid oxygen)/kerosene gas generator in an ATR (air turbo rocket) engine, examining the effects of local parameters on the combustion flow field and performance. The analysis considers variations in unit injector mixing ratios and unit mass flow rates. The results indicate that as the mixing ratio in the inner-ring injectors increases (while the mixing ratio in the middle-ring injectors decreases), the oxygen concentration area near the axis zone and the 50% radius zone of the gas generator expands. Conversely, the kerosene concentration area near the axis zone decreases while gradually increasing near the 50% radius zone. In the flow direction section, there is an inverse relationship between the variation trend of local temperature and the oxygen concentration in the local area. As the oxygen concentration increases, the temperature decreases. The temperature distribution across the cross-section of the gas generator exhibits a circular pattern. When the mixing ratio (or mass flow rates) of the unit injector are perfectly balanced, the temperature distribution becomes highly uniform. A larger disparity in flow rate between the inner ring injector and the middle ring injector leads to a lower combustion efficiency. This effect differs from the effect of the mixing ratio difference between the two injector rings. Increasing the mixing ratio in the inner-ring injectors (or decreasing the mixing ratio in the middle-ring injectors) initially leads to a rise in combustion efficiency, followed by a subsequent decline. The maximum combustion efficiency of 89.10% is achieved when the mixing ratio is set to Km-1 = 0.7 and Km-2 = 2.79, respectively. Increasing the flow rate in the inner-ring injectors (or decreasing the flow rate in the middle-ring injectors) initially leads to an improvement in combustion efficiency, followed by a subsequent reduction. The maximum combustion efficiency of 86.13% is achieved when the mass flow rate is set to m-1 = m-2 = 0.1 kg/s.
Numerical Investigation of the Oblique Detonation Waves and Stability in a Super-Detonative Ram Accelerator
Authors: Feng Zhanlin , Wang Kuanliang , Teng Honghui
Published: June 2023

This study numerically investigates the effects of diluent gas proportion, the overdrive factor, and throat width on the wave structure and thrust performance of a ram accelerator operating in super-detonative mode. For premixed gas of a high energy density, a typical unstart oblique detonation wave system is observed due to the ignition on the front wedge of the projectile, and the detonation waves move downstream to the shoulder as the energy density decreases. In the start range of the overdrive factor, the wave position also shows a tendency to move downstream as the projectile velocity increases, accompanied by oscillations of the wave surface and thrust. As the throat width increases, the wave standing position changes non-monotonously, with an interval of upstream movement and Mach reflection. The typical wave structure of a ram accelerator in super-detonative mode is identified, as well as the unstart stable wave features and the unstable process for choking, which can provide theoretical guidance for avoiding unstart issues in ram accelerators and optimizing their performance.
Autumn Film Mulched Ridge Microfurrow Planting Improves Yield and Nutrient-Use Efficiency of Potatoes in Dryland Farming
Authors: Yang Fengke , He Baolin , Dong Bo , Zhang Guoping
Published: June 2023

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are the most important noncereal crop in the world. Increasing potato production is critical for future global food security. China is the world’s largest potato producer, and potato productivity is constrained by water scarcity and poor fertilizer use efficiency (NUEF). Recently, autumn film mulched ridge microfurrow rainwater harvesting (ARF) tillage has been successfully applied in potato production in dryland farming in Northwest China. However, the effects of ARF on the use efficiency (NUEF) of applied nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrients in potatoes have not been systematically studied. A 3-year, consecutive field trial with four treatments, including moldboard planting without fertilizer application (control, CK), spring and autumn film mulched ridge microfurrow rainwater harvesting planting (SRF and ARF), and standard film mulched ridge-furrow planting (FRF), was conducted during 2018–2020. ARF greatly increased the water levels in the 0–200 cm soil profile at potato harvest compared to SRF, FRF, and CK. ARF and SRF significantly increased the levels of soil organic carbon (SOC), total and available NPK (TN, TP, TK and AN, AP, AK) compared to FRF and CK, with ARF being the most efficient at increasing the levels of the AN, AP, and AK. ARF significantly improved the soil water and nutrient activity and contributed the most to potato tuber and biomass yield and hence the NUEF. Under ARF, significant and positive associations were observed between the soil fertility traits, soil water storage (SWS), potato tuber yield, biomass yield, and NUEF. Soil fertility traits and the SWS were positively correlated with potato tuber and biomass yield. The SWS, potato tuber, and biomass yield positively correlated with the partial factor productivity (PFP) and the recovery efficiency (RE) of the applied NPK nutrients. Increased nutrient levels and their combination increased the NUEF and NUEF’s components. The TN and AN contributed more significantly to the PEP and agronomic efficiency (AE) of the applied NPK nutrients; the TP was significantly positively correlated with the AE (AEN, AEP, and AEK), while the AP was correlated with PEP (PFPN, PFPP, and PFPK) and RE (REN, REP, and REK); the TK was significantly positively correlated with the PFP and RE of the applied PK nutrients, while the AK was significantly positively correlated with the PEP, AE, and RE of the applied K nutrients. Therefore, ARF results in a synchronous increase in yield and NUEF and is the most efficient planting system for potato production in dryland farming.
Iodoform Reaction-Based Turbidimetry for Analysis of Alcohols in Hand Sanitizers
Authors: Prakobdi Chirapha , Saetear Phoonthawee
Published: June 2023

This work presents the first development of an analytical turbidimetric method for the determination of legal alcohols in alcohol-based hand sanitizer products. A typical iodoform reaction is exploited to form a yellow product in the form of precipitates. An iodoform test shows a positive result as yellow precipitates in the presence of ethanol and isopropanol; therefore, the test can only be used to distinguish between methanol and those legal alcohols. In the presence of molecular iodine (I2) and a strong alkaline solution, the legal alcohol is converted to the corresponding carbonyl compound (i.e., ethanol to acetaldehyde, isopropanol to acetone). The susceptibility of this intermediate towards the reaction with hydroxide ions (strong alkaline condition) results in formations of yellow precipitation of iodoform (CHI3) and a water-soluble carboxylate salt in the solution. Therefore, this change allows for the detection of legal alcohols through either naked-eye observation (as semi-quantitative analysis) or a common benchtop/portable photometer/spectrophotometer (as quantitative analysis) by means of turbidimetric analysis. In this work, turbidimetry is employed, which is a useful alternative detection method in analytical practice, especially with colored samples in hand sanitizing products. This is because they can employ wavelengths at which the colored solution does not absorb light. As a result of our developed method, the calibration plots are in the range of 30 to 100% (v/v) for both ethanol and isopropanol. The limit of detection (LOD) (3SD of y-intercept/slope) was found to be 7.4% (v/v) ethanol and 6.5% (v/v) isopropanol. Direct analysis of the non-pretreatment of the sample is achieved. The results indicate that our new proposed analytical method is fit for purpose and valid to detect the legal alcohols in alcohol-based hand sanitizing products for both international and Thai regulations (at least 70% (v/v)). Our quantitative results were also comparable to a standard analytical method, such as the use of a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Our developed method and analytical operation could potentially be developed into a practically portable analysis.
Evaluation of Suitability of New Bedding Material Obtained after Straw Biogasification for Dairy Cows
Authors: Kupczyński Robert , Bednarski Michał , Budny-Walczak Anna , Kociuba Wojciech
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to compare the biomass obtained via the biogasification of straw with the classic bedding material, wheat straw. It was divided into two stages. In the first stage, a laboratory evaluation of the bedding materials was carried out, taking into account dry matter, pH, and water absorption. In the laboratory tests, the bedding obtained after the biogasification of straw (Verbio) showed better sorptive properties, with a value of 439.86% (wheat straw’s value was 294.10%), and its pH value was higher than that of wheat straw. In the second stage of the experiment, field tests were carried out on a production farm, wherein the bedding was evaluated for bedding hygiene, animal hygiene, insulation properties, animal productivity, and microbiological properties. A microbiological assessment was also performed. Regarding cleanliness and production parameters and thermographic insulation properties, the two types of bedding did not show statistically significant differences. In terms of microbiological parameters, a higher number of all examined types of bacteria and fungi was observed in the Verbio bedding compared with straw, but these differences were not statistically significant, except in the case of total coliform. The results indicate that straw obtained after gasification is a suitable bedding material, with parameters similar to those of wheat straw.
Drone Observation for the Quantitative Study of Complex Multilevel Societies
Authors: Maeda Tamao , Yamamoto Shinya
Published: June 2023

Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) have recently been used in various behavioral ecology studies. However, their application has been limited to single groups, and most studies have not implemented individual identification. A multilevel society refers to a social structure in which small stable “core units” gather and make a larger, multiple-unit group. Here, we introduce recent applications of drone technology and individual identification to complex social structures involving multiple groups, such as multilevel societies. Drones made it possible to obtain the identification, accurate positioning, or movement of more than a hundred individuals in a multilevel social group. In addition, in multilevel social groups, drones facilitate the observation of heterogeneous spatial positioning patterns and mechanisms of behavioral propagation, which are different from those in a single-level group. Such findings may contribute to the quantitative definition and assessment of multilevel societies and enhance our understanding of mechanisms of multiple group aggregation. The application of drones to various species may resolve various questions related to multilevel societies.
The Preventive Mechanisms of Bioactive Food Compounds against Obesity-Induced Inflammation
Authors: Pelczyńska Marta , Moszak Małgorzata , Wesołek Agnieszka , Bogdański Paweł
Published: June 2023

Dietary patterns are promising strategies for preventing and treating obesity and its coexisting inflammatory processes. Bioactive food compounds have received considerable attention due to their actions against obesity-induced inflammation, with limited harmful side effects. They are perceived as food ingredients or dietary supplements other than those necessary to meet basic human nutritional needs and are responsible for positive changes in the state of health. These include polyphenols, unsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics. Although the exact mechanisms of bioactive food compounds’ action are still poorly understood, studies have indicated that they involve the modulation of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and hormones; regulate gene expression in adipose tissue; and modify the signaling pathways responsible for the inflammatory response. Targeting the consumption and/or supplementation of foods with anti-inflammatory potential may represent a new approach to obesity-induced inflammation treatment. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to evaluate strategies for bioactive food compound intake, especially times and doses. Moreover, worldwide education about the advantages of bioactive food compound consumption is warranted to limit the consequences of unhealthy dietary patterns. This work presents a review and synthesis of recent data on the preventive mechanisms of bioactive food compounds in the context of obesity-induced inflammation.
Waste Citrus limon Leaves as Source of Essential Oil Rich in Limonene and Citral: Chemical Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties, and Effects on Cancer Cell Viability
Authors: Petretto Giacomo Luigi , Vacca Giuseppe , Addis Roberta , Pintore Giorgio , Nieddu Mariella , Piras Franca , Sogos Valeria , Fancello Francesco , Zara Severino , Rosa Antonella
Published: June 2023

This study investigated chemical composition, cytotoxicity in normal and cancer cells, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil (EO) isolated by hydrodistillation from the discarded leaves of lemon (Citrus limon) plants cultivated in Sardinia (Italy). The volatile chemical composition of lemon leaf EO (LLEO) was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with flame ionization detection (GC/MS and GC/FID). The most abundant component of LLEO was limonene (260.7 mg/mL), followed by geranial (102.6 mg/mL) and neral (88.3 mg/mL). The antimicrobial activity of LLEO was tested using eight bacterial strains and two types of yeasts by a microdilution broth test. Candida albicans showed the greatest susceptibility (MIC = 0.625 μL/mL) and Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited at low LLEO concentration (MIC values from 2.5 to 5 μL/mL). The C. limon leaf EO displayed radical scavenging ability (IC50 value of 10.24 mg/mL) in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate (DPPH) assay. Furthermore, the LLEO impact on cell viability was explored by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in cancer HeLa cells, A375 melanoma cell line, normal fibroblasts (3T3 cells), and keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). LLEO, at 24 h of incubation, significantly reduced viability from 25 μM in Hela cells (33% reduction) and A375 cells (27%), greatly affecting cell morphology, whereas this effect was found from 50 μM on 3T3 fibroblasts and keratinocytes. LLEO’s pro-oxidant effect was also established in HeLa cells by 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay.
Real-Time Defect Detection for Metal Components: A Fusion of Enhanced Canny–Devernay and YOLOv6 Algorithms
Authors: Wang Hongjun , Xu Xiujin , Liu Yuping , Lu Deda , Liang Bingqiang , Tang Yunchao
Published: June 2023

Due to the presence of numerous surface defects, the inadequate contrast between defective and non-defective regions, and the resemblance between noise and subtle defects, edge detection poses a significant challenge in dimensional error detection, leading to increased dimensional measurement inaccuracies. These issues serve as major bottlenecks in the domain of automatic detection of high-precision metal parts. To address these challenges, this research proposes a combined approach involving the utilization of the YOLOv6 deep learning network in conjunction with metal lock body parts for the rapid and accurate detection of surface flaws in metal workpieces. Additionally, an enhanced Canny–Devernay sub-pixel edge detection algorithm is employed to determine the size of the lock core bead hole. The methodology is as follows: The data set for surface defect detection is acquired using the labeling software lableImg and subsequently utilized for training the YOLOv6 model to obtain the model weights. For size measurement, the region of interest (ROI) corresponding to the lock cylinder bead hole is first extracted. Subsequently, Gaussian filtering is applied to the ROI, followed by a sub-pixel edge detection using the improved Canny–Devernay algorithm. Finally, the edges are fitted using the least squares method to determine the radius of the fitted circle. The measured value is obtained through size conversion. Experimental detection involves employing the YOLOv6 method to identify surface defects in the lock body workpiece, resulting in an achieved mean Average Precision (mAP) value of 0.911. Furthermore, the size of the lock core bead hole is measured using an upgraded technique based on the Canny–Devernay sub-pixel edge detection, yielding an average inaccuracy of less than 0.03 mm. The findings of this research showcase the successful development of a practical method for applying machine vision in the realm of the automatic detection of metal parts. This achievement is accomplished through the exploration of identification methods and size-measuring techniques for common defects found in metal parts. Consequently, the study establishes a valuable framework for effectively utilizing machine vision in the field of metal parts inspection and defect detection.
Muscle Pain Sensitivity and Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients with Narcolepsy with Cataplexy: A Controlled Cohort Study
Authors: Bartolucci Maria Lavinia , Incerti Parenti Serena , Pizza Fabio , Maglioni Alessandro , Vandi Stefano , Bortolotti Francesco , Plazzi Giuseppe , Alessandri-Bonetti Giulio
Published: June 2023

Disturbed nocturnal sleep contributes to the central sensitization of pain, thus predisposing to orofacial pain. Central disorders of hypersomnolence are characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) not linked to impairment of nocturnal sleep or misaligned circadian rhythms. The main disorder of this group is narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), which seems to be related to alterations in pain perception mediation, supposedly caused by low orexin levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pain sensitivity and the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in patients with NT1. After a 3-day hospital evaluation with laboratory polysomnography, 39 consecutive adult patients diagnosed with NT1 and 39 matched heathy controls were evaluated by means of Axis I and Axis II of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) protocol. Furthermore, pain sensitivity was investigated by measuring the pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) on the head–neck muscles by means of a Fischer algometer. No significant differences were found between the PPTs of the two groups for all the muscles evaluated, nor in the prevalence of TMD diagnoses, but the NT1 group reported significantly higher values in the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), corresponding to a depressive state. The present study presents an important investigation into NT1 patients, showing no alterations in pain perception and no differences in the prevalence of TMD diagnosis compared to the controls.
Electrochemical Synthesis and Application of Ge-Sn-O Nanostructures as Anodes of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Gavrilin Ilya M. , Kudryashova Yulia O. , Murtazin Maksim M. , Tsiniaikin Ilia I. , Pavlikov Alexander V. , Kulova Tatiana L. , Skundin Alexander M.
Published: June 2023

This work demonstrates the possibility of electrochemical formation of Ge-Sn-O nanostructures from aqueous solutions containing germanium dioxide and tin (II) chloride at room temperature without prior deposition of fusible metal particles. This method does not require complex technological equipment, expensive and toxic germanium precursors, or binding additives. These advantages will make it possible to obtain such structures on an industrial scale (e.g., using roll-to-roll technology). The structural properties and composition of Ge-Sn-O nanostructures were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The samples obtained represent a filamentary structure with a diameter of about 10 nm. Electrochemical studies of Ge-Sn-O nanostructures were studied by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling. Studies of the processes of lithium-ion insertion/extraction showed that the obtained structures have a practical discharge capacity at the first cycle ~625 mAh/g (specific capacity ca. 625 mAh/g). However, the discharge capacity by cycle 30 was no more than 40% of the initial capacity. The obtained results would benefit the further design of Ge-Sn-O nanostructures formed by simple electrochemical deposition.
Investigation of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation during O3 and PM2.5 Episodes in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Uttamang Pornpan , Choomanee Parkpoom , Phupijit Jitlada , Bualert Surat , Thongyen Thunyapat
Published: June 2023

In Bangkok, the megacity of Thailand, concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have often exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality standards. During severe smog events over Bangkok, the air quality has exhibited moderate to unhealthy atmospheric conditions, according to the air quality index of the United States. To investigate the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), a field campaign to estimate secondary organic carbon (SOC) in Bangkok using the EC tracer method was conducted in January 2021, when the concentrations of PM2.5 were high. The monthly period was classified into three pollution groups, including high pollution, high PM, and low pollution events. The study showed that the correlations between PM2.5 and O3 were negative during both the daytime and night-time. The OC/EC ratios varied from 4.32 to 5.43, while the moderate OC/EC values implied that fossil fuel combustion was the major carbonaceous aerosol in Bangkok. The EC tracer-estimated SOC and POC showed that SOC contributed between 32.5 and 46.4% to OC, while the highest SOC contribution occurred during the low pollution event. The heightened formation of SOA during the low pollution event was perhaps owing to the levels of oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Since Bangkok is more likely to have a NOx-rich photochemical reaction regime, an increase in the NOx level tended to decrease the SOA yield ([NOx] was 21.6 ppb, 20.8 ppb, and 17.1 ppb during the high pollution, high PM, and low pollution events, respectively). Together with the high humidity and high light intensity during the low pollution event, the SOA formation was enhanced. Even though the driving factors of SOA formation over Bangkok remain unclear, the results of this study reveal the significance and urgency of local actions to reduce NOx and O3 towards more habitable and sustainable urban environments.
Expanding the Horizons of Situated Visualization: The Extended SV Model
Authors: Martins Nuno Cid , Marques Bernardo , Dias Paulo , Sousa Santos Beatriz
Published: June 2023

To fully leverage the benefits of augmented and mixed reality (AR/MR) in supporting users, it is crucial to establish a consistent and well-defined situated visualization (SV) model. SV encompasses visualizations that adapt based on context, considering the relevant visualizations within their physical display environment. Recognizing the potential of SV in various domains such as collaborative tasks, situational awareness, decision-making, assistance, training, and maintenance, AR/MR is well-suited to facilitate these scenarios by providing additional data and context-driven visualization techniques. While some perspectives on the SV model have been proposed, such as space, time, place, activity, and community, a comprehensive and up-to-date systematization of the entire SV model is yet to be established. Therefore, there is a pressing need for a more comprehensive and updated description of the SV model within the AR/MR framework to foster research discussions.
Exploring Machine Learning Models for Soil Nutrient Properties Prediction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Folorunso Olusegun , Ojo Oluwafolake , Busari Mutiu , Adebayo Muftau , Joshua Adejumobi , Folorunso Daniel , Ugwunna Charles Okechukwu , Olabanjo Olufemi , Olabanjo Olusola
Published: June 2023

Agriculture is essential to a flourishing economy. Although soil is essential for sustainable food production, its quality can decline as cultivation becomes more intensive and demand increases. The importance of healthy soil cannot be overstated, as a lack of nutrients can significantly lower crop yield. Smart soil prediction and digital soil mapping offer accurate data on soil nutrient distribution needed for precision agriculture. Machine learning techniques are now driving intelligent soil prediction systems. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the use of machine learning in predicting soil qualities. The components and qualities of soil, the prediction of soil parameters, the existing soil dataset, the soil map, the effect of soil nutrients on crop growth, as well as the soil information system, are the key subjects under inquiry. Smart agriculture, as exemplified by this study, can improve food quality and productivity.
Gentian Violet Inhibits Cell Proliferation through Induction of Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Choi Min Sung , Kim Ji Hyeon , Lee Chae Yeon , Lee Yul Min , Lee Sukmook , Chang Ha Kyun , Kim Hyun Jung , Heo Kyun
Published: June 2023

Gentian violet (GV) is known to have antibacterial and antifungal effects, but recent studies have demonstrated its inhibitory effects on the growth of several types of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the anticancer efficacy of GV in ovarian cancer cells. GV significantly reduced the proliferation of OVCAR8, SKOV3, and A2780 cells. Results of transferase dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) assay and Western blot assay indicated that the inhibitory effect of GV on ovarian cancer cells was due to the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, GV significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulated the expression of p53, PUMA, BAX, and p21, critical components for apoptosis induction, in ovarian cancer cells. Our results suggest that GV is a novel antiproliferative agent and is worthy of exploration as a potential therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer.
Ten-Eleven Translocation 1 and 2 Enzymes Affect Human Skin Fibroblasts in an Age-Related Manner
Authors: Kołodziej-Wojnar Paulina , Borkowska Joanna , Domaszewska-Szostek Anna , Bujanowska Olga , Noszczyk Bartłomiej , Krześniak Natalia , Stańczyk Marek , Puzianowska-Kuznicka Monika
Published: June 2023

Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes catalyze the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), first to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), then to 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and finally to 5-carboxycytosine (5caC). Evidence suggests that changes in TET expression may impact cell function and the phenotype of aging. Proliferation, apoptosis, markers of autophagy and double-strand DNA break repair, and the expression of Fibulin 5 were assessed by flow cytometry in TET1 and TET2-overexpressing fibroblasts isolated from sun-unexposed skin of young (23–35 years) and age-advanced (75–94 years) individuals. In cells derived from young individuals, TET1 overexpression resulted in the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis by 37% (p = 0.03) and 24% (p = 0.05), respectively, while the overexpression of TET2 caused a decrease in proliferation by 46% (p = 0.01). Notably, in cells obtained from age-advanced individuals, TETs exhibited different effects. Specifically, TET1 inhibited proliferation and expression of autophagy marker Beclin 1 by 45% (p = 0.05) and 28% (p = 0.048), respectively, while increasing the level of γH2AX, a marker of double-strand DNA breaks necessary for initiating the repair process, by 19% (p = 0.04). TET2 inhibited proliferation by 64% (p = 0.053) and increased the level of γH2AX and Fibulin 5 by 46% (p = 0.007) and 29% (p = 0.04), respectively. These patterns of TET1 and TET2 effects suggest their involvement in regulating various fibroblast functions and that some of their biological actions depend on the donor’s age.
Methyl-Thiol-Bridged Oxadiazole and Triazole Heterocycles as Inhibitors of NF-κB in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells
Authors: Basappa Basappa , Jung Young Yun , Ravish Akshay , Xi Zhang , Swamynayaka Ananda , Madegowda Mahendra , Pandey Vijay , Lobie Peter E. , Sethi Gautam , Ahn Kwang Seok
Published: June 2023

Nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) is a transcriptional factor that plays a crucial role in regulating cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, the inhibition of NF-κB activity by small molecules may be beneficial in cancer therapy. In this report, methyl-thiol-bridged oxadiazole and triazole heterocycles were synthesized via click chemistry and it was observed that the lead structure, 2-(((1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)-5-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (4c), reduced the viability of MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 7.4 µM. Compound 4c also caused concentration-dependent loss of cell viability in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. Furthermore, compound 4c inhibited the activation of NF-κB in human CML cells as observed by nuclear translocation and DNA binding assays. Functionally, compound 4c produced PARP cleavage and also suppressed expression of Bcl-2/xl, MMP-9, COX-2, survivin, as well as VEGF, resulting in apoptosis of CML cells. Moreover, ChIP assay showed that compound 4c decreased the binding of COX-2 to the p65 gene promoter. Detailed in silico analysis also indicated that compound 4c targeted NF-κB in CML cells. In conclusion, a novel structure bearing both triazole and oxadiazole moieties has been identified that can target NF-κB in CML cells and may constitute a potential novel drug candidate.
Flexible and Wearable Biosensors for Monitoring Health Conditions
Authors: Song Zhimin , Zhou Shu , Qin Yanxia , Xia Xiangjiao , Sun Yanping , Han Guanghong , Shu Tong , Hu Liang , Zhang Qiang
Published: June 2023

Flexible and wearable biosensors have received tremendous attention over the past decade owing to their great potential applications in the field of health and medicine. Wearable biosensors serve as an ideal platform for real-time and continuous health monitoring, which exhibit unique properties such as self-powered, lightweight, low cost, high flexibility, detection convenience, and great conformability. This review introduces the recent research progress in wearable biosensors. First of all, the biological fluids often detected by wearable biosensors are proposed. Then, the existing micro-nanofabrication technologies and basic characteristics of wearable biosensors are summarized. Then, their application manners and information processing are also highlighted in the paper. Massive cutting-edge research examples are introduced such as wearable physiological pressure sensors, wearable sweat sensors, and wearable self-powered biosensors. As a significant content, the detection mechanism of these sensors was detailed with examples to help readers understand this area. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are proposed to push this research area forward and expand practical applications in the future.
Application of Metabolite-Responsive Biosensors for Plant Natural Products Biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Jianli , Gong Xinyu , Gan Qi , Yan Yajun
Published: June 2023

Plant natural products (PNPs) have shown various pharmaceutical activities, possessing great potential in global markets. Microbial cell factories (MCFs) provide an economical and sustainable alternative for the synthesis of valuable PNPs compared with traditional approaches. However, the heterologous synthetic pathways always lack native regulatory systems, bringing extra burden to PNPs production. To overcome the challenges, biosensors have been exploited and engineered as powerful tools for establishing artificial regulatory networks to control enzyme expression in response to environments. Here, we reviewed the recent progress involved in the application of biosensors that are responsive to PNPs and their precursors. Specifically, the key roles these biosensors played in PNP synthesis pathways, including isoprenoids, flavonoids, stilbenoids and alkaloids, were discussed in detail.
Motor Cortical Correlates of Paired Associative Stimulation Induced Plasticity: A TMS-EEG Study
Authors: Costanzo Matteo , Leodori Giorgio , Cutrona Carolina , Marchet Francesco , De Bartolo Maria Ilenia , Mancuso Marco , Belvisi Daniele , Conte Antonella , Berardelli Alfredo , Fabbrini Giovanni
Published: June 2023

Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that modulates synaptic plasticity in the human motor cortex (M1). Since previous studies have primarily used motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) as outcome measure, cortical correlates of PAS-induced plasticity remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this observational study was to investigate cortical correlates of a standard PAS induced plasticity in the primary motor cortex by using a combined TMS-EEG approach in a cohort of eighteen healthy subjects. In addition to the expected long-lasting facilitatory modulation of MEPs amplitude, PAS intervention also induced a significant increase in transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potentials (TEPs) P30 and P60 amplitude. No significant correlation between the magnitude of PAS-induced changes in TEP components and MEP amplitude were observed. However, the linear regression analysis revealed that the combined changes in P30 and P60 component amplitudes significantly predicted the MEP facilitation after PAS. The findings of our study offer novel insight into the neurophysiological changes associated with PAS-induced plasticity at M1 cortical level and suggest a complex relationship between TEPs and MEPs changes following PAS.
The Effect of Physical Exercise on People with Psychosis: A Qualitative Critical Review of Neuroimaging Findings
Authors: Saviola Francesca , Deste Giacomo , Barlati Stefano , Vita Antonio , Gasparotti Roberto , Corbo Daniele
Published: June 2023

Recently, genuine motor abnormalities have been recognized as prodromal and predictive signs of psychosis onset and progression. Therefore, physical exercise could represent a potentially relevant clinical tool in promoting the reshaping of neural connections in motor circuitry. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the literature on neuroimaging findings as a result of physical treatment in psychosis cohorts. Twenty-one studies, all research articles, were included and discussed in this narrative review. Here, we first outlined how the psychotic brain is susceptible to structural plastic changes after aerobic physical training in pathognomic brain areas (i.e., temporal, hippocampal and parahippocampal regions). Secondly, we focused on functional changes, both region-specific and in terms of connections, to gain insights into the involvement of distant but inter-related neural regions in the plastic process occurring after treatment. Third, we attempted to bridge neural plastic changes occurring after physical interventions with clinical and cognitive outcomes of psychotic patients in order to assess the relevance of such neural reshaping in the psychiatric rehabilitation field. In conclusion, we suggest that the current state of the art is presenting physical intervention as effective in promoting neural changes for patients with psychosis; it is not only useful at the onset of the pathology but also in improving the course of the illness and its functional outcome. However, more evidence is needed to improve our knowledge of the efficacy of physical exercise in plastically reorganizing the psychotic brain in the long term, especially within regions lacking specific investigations, such as motor circuitry.
Outcome Evaluation in Social Comparison: When You Deviate from Others
Authors: Sun Shinan , Wang Yang , Bai Xuejun
Published: June 2023

Individuals often measure their performance through social comparison. With the increase in the deviation degree between the self and others, the outcome evaluation of individuals’ abilities in the social comparison context is still unknown. In the current study, we used a two self-outcomes × three others’ outcomes within-participant design to investigate the effect of the deviation degree of the self versus others in the social comparison context. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured while participants performed a three-person dot estimation task with two other people. When participants received positive results, the amplitudes of feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P300 showed a significant gradient change in the degree of deviation between the self and others (even win vs. better win vs. best win conditions). However, we did not find a similar progressive effect when participants received negative results (even loss vs. worse loss vs. worst loss conditions). These findings suggest that the deviation degree affects the primary and later processing stages of social comparison outcomes only when individuals received positive outcomes, which may reflect how people develop an empathic response to others. In contrast, people tended to avoid deeper social comparison that threatened their self-esteem when they received negative outcomes.