bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manipulating Oxygen Vacancies to Spur Ion Kinetics in V2O5 Structures for Superior Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ye Jia‐Jia , Li Pei‐Hua , Zhang Hao‐Ran , Song Zong‐Yin , Fan Tianju , Zhang Wanqun , Tian Jie , Huang Tao , Qian Yitai , Hou Zhiguo , Shpigel Netanel , Chen Li‐Feng , Dou Shi Xue
Published: July 2023

Vanadium‐based intercalation materials have attracted considerable attention for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). However, the sluggish interlaminar diffusion of zinc ions due to the strong electrostatic interaction, severely restricts their practical application. Herein, oxygen vacancy‐enriched V2O5 structures (Zn0.125V2O5·0.95H2O nanoflowers, Ov‐ZVO) with expanded interlamellar space and excellent structural stability are prepared for superior ZIBs. In situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) characterization revealed that numerous oxygen vacancies are generated at a relatively low reaction temperature because of partially escaped lattice water. In situ spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations unraveled that the existence of oxygen vacancies lowered Zn2+ diffusion barriers in Ov‐ZVO and weakened the interaction between Zn and O atoms, thus contributing to excellent electrochemical performance. The Zn||Ov‐ZVO battery displayed a remarkable capacity of 402 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and impressive energy output of 193 Wh kg−1 at 2673 W kg−1. As a proof of concept, the Zn||Ov‐ZVO pouch cell can reach a high capacity of 350 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, demonstrating its enormous potential for practical application. This study provides fundamental insights into formation of oxygen‐vacant nanostructures and generated oxygen vacancies improving electrochemical performance, directing new pathways toward defect‐functionalized advanced materials.
Photo‐Enhanced Synergistic Induction of Ferroptosis for Anti‐Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhou Yang , Chen Kang , Lin Wing Kak , Liu Jinzhao , Kang Weirong , Zhang Yaming , Yang Ranyao , Jin Leigang , Cheng Yiyun , Xu Aimin , Wang Weiping
Published: July 2023

Ferroptosis as programmed cell death received considerable attention in cancer research. Recently, studies have associated ferroptosis with photodynamic therapy (PDT) because PDT promotes glutathione (GSH) deletion, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) degradation, and lipid peroxide accumulation. However, PDT‐induced ferroptosis may be potentially prevented by ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1). To address this limitation, herein, a novel strategy is developed to trigger ferroptosis by PDT and FSP1 inhibition. For enhancement of this strategy, a photoresponsive nanocomplex, self‐assembled by BODIPY‐modified poly(amidoamine) (BMP), is utilized to stably encapsulate the inhibitor of FSP1 (iFSP1) and chlorin e6 (Ce6). The nanosystem promotes intracellular delivery, penetration, and accumulation of ferroptosis inducers in tumors with light irradiation. The nanosystem presents high‐performance triggering of ferroptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD) in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, the nanoparticles increase tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells and further enhance the efficacy of anti‐PD‐L1 immunotherapy. The study suggests the potential of photo‐enhanced synergistic induction of ferroptosis by the photoresponsive nanocomplexes in cancer immunotherapy.
Sorption‐Induced Fiber Optic Plasmonic Gas Sensing via Small Grazing Angle of Incidence
Authors: Kim Ki‐Joong , Culp Jeffrey T. , Wuenschell Jeffrey , Shugayev Roman A. , Ohodnicki Paul R. , Sekizkardes Ali K.
Published: July 2023

Sensing technologies based on plasmonic nanomaterials are of interest for various chemical, biological, environmental, and medical applications. In this work, an incorporation strategy of colloidal plasmonic nanoparticles (pNPs) in microporous polymer for realizing distinct sorption‐induced plasmonic sensing is reported. This approach is demonstrated by introducing tin‐doped indium oxide pNPs into a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐1). The composite film (pNPs‐polymer) provides distinct and tunable optical features on the fiber optic (FO) platform that can be used as a signal transducer for gas sensing (e.g., CO2) under atmospheric conditions. The resulting pNPs‐polymer composite demonstrates high sensitivity response on FO in the evanescent field configuration, provided by the dramatic response of modes above the total‐internal‐reflection angle. Furthermore, by varying the pNPs content in the polymer matrix, the optical behavior of the pNPs‐polymer composite film can be tuned to affect the operational wavelength by over several hundred nanometers and the sensitivity of the sensor in the near‐infrared range. It is also shown that the pNPs‐polymer composite film exhibits remarkable stability over a period of more than 10 months by mitigating the physical aging issue of the polymer.
G‐Quadruplex‐Filtered Selective Ion‐to‐Ion Current Amplification for Non‐Invasive Ion Monitoring in Real Time
Authors: Yoo Hyebin , Lee Hyun‐Ro , Kang Soon‐Bo , Lee Juhwa , Park Kunwoong , Yoo Hyunjae , Kim Jinmin , Chung Taek Dong , Lee Kyung‐Mi , Lim Hyun‐Ho , Son Chang Yun , Sun Jeong‐Yun , Oh Seung Soo
Published: July 2023

Living cells efflux intracellular ions for maintaining cellular life, so intravital measurements of specific ion signals are of significant importance for studying cellular functions and pharmacokinetics. In this work, de novo synthesis of artificial K+‐selective membrane and its integration with polyelectrolyte hydrogel‐based open‐junction ionic diode (OJID) is demonstrated, achieving a real‐time K+‐selective ion‐to‐ion current amplification in complex bioenvironments. By mimicking biological K+ channels and nerve impulse transmitters, in‐line K+‐binding G‐quartets are introduced across freestanding lipid bilayers by G‐specific hexylation of monolithic G‐quadruplex, and the pre‐filtered K+ flow is directly converted to amplified ionic currents by the OJID with a fast response time at 100 ms intervals. By the synergistic combination of charge repulsion, sieving, and ion recognition, the synthetic membrane allows K+ transport exclusively without water leakage; it is 250× and 17× more permeable toward K+ than monovalent anion, Cl−, and polyatomic cation, N‐methyl‐d‐glucamine+, respectively. The molecular recognition‐mediated ion channeling provides a 500% larger signal for K+ as compared to Li+ (0.6× smaller than K+) despite the same valence. Using the miniaturized device, non‐invasive, direct, and real‐time K+ efflux monitoring from living cell spheroids is achieved with minimal crosstalk, specifically in identifying osmotic shock‐induced necrosis and drug‐antidote dynamics.
Carbon Dots Enabling Parts‐Per‐Billion Sensitive and Ultraselective Photoluminescence Lifetime‐Based Sensing of Inorganic Mercury
Authors: Zdražil Lukáš , Panáček David , Šedajová Veronika , Baďura Zdeněk , Langer Michal , Medveď Miroslav , Paloncýová Markéta , Scheibe Magdalena , Kalytchuk Sergii , Zoppellaro Giorgio , Kment Štěpán , Cadranel Alejandro , Bakandritsos Aristides , Guldi Dirk M. , Otyepka Michal , Zbořil Radek
Published: July 2023

One of the UN Sustainable Development Goals is to ensure universal access to clean drinking water. Among the various types of water contaminants, mercury (Hg) is considered to be one of the most dangerous ones. It is mostly its immense toxicity and vast environmental impact that stand out. To tackle the issue of monitoring water quality, a nanosensor based on carbon dots (CDs) is developed, whose surface is functionalized with carboxylic groups. CDs show Hg2+ concentration‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes along with an ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity. The selectivity of PL quenching by Hg2+ is rationalized by performing light‐induced electron paramagnetic resonance (LEPR) spectroscopy showing significant perturbation of the CD photoexcited state upon Hg2+ binding. The experimental findings are supported by time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations. These unveiled the emergence of a low‐lying charge transfer state involving a vacant 6s orbital of Hg2+ stabilized by relativistic effects.
Comprehensive analysis of thermodynamic models for CO2 absorption into a blended N,N‐diethylethanolamine‐1,6‐hexamethyl diamine (DEEA‐HMDA) amine
Authors: Zhao Dongfang , Xiao Xizi , Wang Shuai , Li Miyi , Liu Helei
Published: July 2023

In this work, CO2 equilibrium solubility of 1M N,N‐diethylethanolamine (DEEA):2M 1,6‐hexamethyl diamine (HMDA), 1.5M DEEA:1.5M HMDA and 2M DEEA:1M HMDA was studied with a temperature range of 298–333 K and CO2 partial pressure range of 8–100 kPa. Seven thermodynamic models including Empirical model, Kent and Eisenberg (KE) model, Hu–Chakma model, Austgen model, Helei Liu model, Liu et al. model, and Li–Shen model were developed by correlating reaction equilibrium constants with observed equilibrium solubility of CO2 in mixed amine solvents. The evaluation of those models was conducted in terms of the average absolute relative deviation (AARD). The results indicated that Liu et al. model considering T, [Amine], Ptotal and [CO2(aq)] can better represent this complex system with an AARD of 8.06%. Meanwhile, comprehensive comparison and analysis were also performed to identify the contribution of parameters to develop models, which could provide a guideline for the development of accurate thermodynamic models for representation of thermodynamic behaviors.
Comparing effects of food mechanical properties on oral processing behaviors in two sympatric lemur species
Authors: Flowers Nina , Fogaça Mariana Dutra , Razafindrabe Maminiaina Haja Fabrice , Razafimampiandra Jean Claude , Dolezal Marlies , Yamashita Nayuta
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The link between diet and the masticatory apparatus in primates is complex. We investigated how food mechanical properties (FMPs) and food geometry affect feeding behaviors and subsequent jaw loading. We compared oral processing in two sympatric lemur species with distinct diets and mandibular morphologies.

Materials and Methods

All‐day focal follows ofLemur catta(Lc) andPropithecus verreauxi(Pv) were conducted in both the dry and wet seasons at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve. We collected activity budget data, filmed feeding bouts, and collected food items to measure their mechanical properties with an FLS‐1 portable tester. Feeding videos for the top food items they spent the most time consuming were analyzed frame‐by‐frame to assess bite and chew numbers and rates.

Results

Lcbite more and at a slower rate on tougher (maximum) foods, chew more for tougher (average) foods, and chew less for stiffer leaves.Pvinitially increase chew number for tougher (average) foods, but their behavior is less affected as food toughness increases.Pvchew less and more slowly but spend more of the day feeding thanLc. Additionally, they have a tougher (maximum) diet thanLc.

Discussion

Lcadjust their feeding behaviors depending on the FMPs of their top food items, whilePvfeed more consistently. The more robust masticatory apparatus ofPvmay not require them to adjust their feeding behaviors for more mechanically challenging foods. Furthermore, the two species show distinct differences in chewing. Exploring chewing on a daily scale could aid in understanding its impact on the loading of the masticatory apparatus.
Ligand‐Enabled NiII‐Catalyzed Hydroxylarylation of Alkenes with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Wang Dao‐Ming , She Li‐Qin , Yuan Hao , Wu Yichen , Tang Yong , Wang Peng
Published: July 2023

The use of molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant in transition metal catalyzed oxidative process is an appealing and challenging task in organic synthetic chemistry. Here, we report a Ni‐catalyzed hydroxylarylation of unactivated alkenes enabled by a β‐diketone ligand with high efficiency and excellent regioselectivity employing molecular oxygen as the oxidant and hydroxyl source. This reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope and incredible heterocycle compatibility, providing a variety of β‐hydroxylamides, γ‐hydroxylamides, β‐aminoalcohols, γ‐aminoalcohols, and 1,3‐diols in high yields. The synthetic value of this methodology was demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of two bioactive compounds, (±)‐3′‐methoxyl citreochlorol and tea catechin metabolites M4.
A Quadruple‐Borylated Multiple‐Resonance Emitter with para/meta Heteroatomic Patterns for Narrowband Orange‐Red Emission
Authors: Fan Xiao‐Chun , Huang Feng , Wu Hao , Wang Hui , Cheng Ying‐Chun , Yu Jia , Wang Kai , Zhang Xiao‐Hong
Published: July 2023

Hindered by spectral broadening issues with redshifted emission, long‐wavelength (e.g., maxima beyond 570 nm) multiple resonance (MR) emitters with full width at half maxima (FWHMs) below 20 nm remain absent. Herein, by strategically embedding diverse boron (B)/nitrogen (N) atomic pairs into a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) skeleton, we propose a hybrid pattern for the construction of a long‐wavelength narrowband MR emitter. The proof‐of‐concept emitter B4N6‐Me realized orange‐red emission with an extremely small FWHM of 19 nm (energy unit: 70 meV), representing the narrowest FWHM among all reported long‐wavelength MR emitters. Theoretical calculations revealed that the cooperation of the applied para B‐π‐N and para B‐π‐B/N‐π‐N patterns is complementary, which gives rise to both narrowband and redshift characteristics. The corresponding organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) employing B4N6‐Me achieved state‐of‐the‐art performance, e.g., a narrowband orange‐red emission with an FWHM of 27 nm (energy unit: 99 meV), an excellent maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 35.8 %, and ultralow efficiency roll‐off (EQE of 28.4 % at 1000 cd m−2). This work provides new insights into the further molecular design and synthesis of long‐wavelength MR emitters.
Engineering of Therapeutic and Detoxifying Enzymes
Authors: Michailidou Freideriki
Published: July 2023

Therapeutic enzymes present excellent opportunities for the treatment of human disease, modulation of metabolic pathways and system detoxification. However, current use of enzyme therapy in the clinic is limited as naturally occurring enzymes are seldom optimal for such applications and require substantial improvement by protein engineering. Engineering strategies such as design and directed evolution that have been successfully implemented for industrial biocatalysis can significantly advance the field of therapeutic enzymes, leading to biocatalysts with new‐to‐nature therapeutic activities, high selectivity, and suitability for medical applications. This minireview highlights case studies of how state‐of‐the‐art and emerging methods in protein engineering are explored for the generation of therapeutic enzymes and discusses gaps and future opportunities in the field of enzyme therapy.
Click‐iG: Simultaneous Enrichment and Profiling of Intact N‐linked, O‐GalNAc, and O‐GlcNAcylated Glycopeptides
Authors: Liu Jialin , Cheng Bo , Fan Xinqi , Zhou Xinyue , Wang Jiankun , Zhou Wen , Li Hengyu , Zeng Wenfeng , Yang Pengyuan , Chen Xing
Published: July 2023

Proteins are ubiquitously modified with glycans of varied chemical structures through distinct glycosidic linkages, making the landscape of protein glycosylation challenging to map. Profiling of intact glycopeptides with mass spectrometry (MS) has recently emerged as a powerful tool for revealing matched information of the glycosylation sites and attached glycans (i.e., intact glycosites), but is largely limited to individual glycosylation types. Herein, we describe Click‐iG, which integrates metabolic labeling of glycans with clickable unnatural sugars, an optimized MS method, and a tailored version of pGlyco3 software to enable simultaneous enrichment and profiling of three types of intact glycopeptides: N‐linked, mucin‐type O‐linked, and O‐GlcNAcylated glycopeptides. We demonstrate the utility of Click‐iG by the identification of thousands of intact glycosites in cell lines and living mice. From the mouse lung, heart, and spleen, a total of 2053 intact N‐glycosites, 262 intact O‐GalNAc glycosites, and 1947 O‐GlcNAcylation sites were identified. Click‐iG‐enabled comprehensive coverage of the protein glycosylation landscape lays the foundation for interrogating crosstalk between different glycosylation pathways.
Smoke suppressant and fire‐retardant polyurethane‐polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam
Authors: Değirmenci Berrin , Köken Nesrin , Akar Ahmet
Published: July 2023

In this study, the combinations of phosphorous‐containing fire retardants such as triethyl phosphate, oligomeric triethyl phosphate, diethyl ethyl phosphonate, diethyl hydroxymethyl phosphonate, ammonium polyphosphate, and smoke suppressant zinc borate were used as additives in order to produce non‐toxic smoke suppressant and fire‐retardant rigid polyurethane‐polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams. Flame height and smoke density of polyurethane‐polyisocyanurate foam decreased by incorporating different combinations of combustion modifiers in PIR formulations. The smoke suppressant was zinc borate. The combination of zinc borate with triethyl phosphate, oligomeric triethyl phosphate, and diethyl hydroxymethyl phosphonate resulted in a good synergy. The cone calorimeter analysis showed that the best combinations were zinc borate (10.1%) and triethyl phosphate (13.7%), or zinc borate (10.1%), triethyl phosphate (6.9%), and oligomeric triethyl phosphate (7%) and they decreased the burning and smoke formation rate of PIR foam. These combinations may be applied to produce fire‐retardant PIR foam in the industry.
Coordinated control study of oil, wax, and antioxidants on tire sidewall rubber discoloration and fatigue properties
Authors: Kong Hao , Wang Ruijia , Jiang Shuangyan , Yong Zhanfu
Published: July 2023

Sidewall discoloration and fatigue directly affect the aesthetic value and functional efficiency of tires during their service life. This study designed L9 orthogonal experiments with oil, wax, and antioxidant as factors to study their effects on the discoloration and fatigue performance of tire sidewall rubber. Molecular dynamics simulation calculations, nonlinear finite element analysis, and modern characterization methods were adopted for the investigation. The findings indicated that antioxidant precipitation was the main cause of sidewall discoloration; aromatic oil accelerated sidewall discoloration and the expansion of tire sidewall fatigue cracks; and microcrystalline wax enhanced the fatigue properties of rubber compounds by halting the aging and breakdown of rubber molecular chains. This paper provides insights into the coordinated control and formulation optimization of tire sidewall material discoloration and fatigue life. Furthermore, it helps to reduce waste tires and sidewall chemical release into the environment.
“Conducted Properly, Published Incorrectly”: The Evolving Status of Gel Electrophoresis Images Along Instrumental Transformations in Times of Reproducibility Crisis
Authors: Callaerts Nephtali , Hocquet Alexandre , Wieber Frédéric
Published: July 2023

For the last ten years, within molecular life sciences, the reproducibility crisis discourse has been embodied as a crisis of trust in scientific images. Beyond the contentious perception of “questionable research practices” associated with a digital turn in the production of images, this paper highlights the transformations of gel electrophoresis as a family of experimental techniques. Our aim is to analyze the evolving epistemic status of generated images and its connection with a crisis of trust in images within that field.

From the 1980s to the 2000s, we identify two key innovations (precast gels and gel docs) leading to a “two‐tiered” gel electrophoresis with different standardization procedures, different epistemic statuses of the produced images and different ways of generating (dis)trust in images. The first tier, exemplified by differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE), is characterized by specialized devices processing images as quantitative data. The second tier, exemplified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), is described as a routine technique making use of image as qualitative “virtual witnessing.” The difference between these two tiers is particularly apparent in the ways images are processed, even though both tiers involve image digitization. Our account thus highlights different views on reproducibility within the two tiers. Comparability of images is insisted upon in the first tier while traceability is expected in the second tier. It is striking that these differences occur not only within the same scientific field, but even within the same family of experimental techniques. In the second tier, digitization entails distrust, whereas it implies a collective sentiment of trust in the first tier.
COVID severity test (CoST sensor)—An electrochemical immunosensing approach to stratify disease severity
Authors: Madhurantakam Sasya , Karnam Jayanth Babu , Muthukumar Sriram , Prasad Shalini
Published: July 2023

With the evolution of the COVID‐19 pandemic, there is now a need for point‐of‐care devices for the quantification of disease biomarkers toward disease severity assessment. Disease progression has been determined as a multifactor phenomenon and can be treated based on the host immune response within each individual. CoST is an electrochemical immunosensor point‐of‐care device that can determine disease severity through multiplex measurement and quantification of spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, D‐dimer, and IL‐2R from 100 μL of plasma samples within a few minutes. The limit of detection was found to be 3 ng/mL and 21 ng/mL for S and N proteins whereas for D‐dimer and IL‐2R it was 0.0006 ng/mL and 0.242 ng/mL, respectively. Cross‐reactivity of all the biomarkers was studied and it was found to be <20%. Inter and intra‐assay variability of the CoST sensor was less than <15% confirming its ability to detect the target biomarker in body fluids. In addition, this platform has also been tested to quantify all four biomarkers in 40 patient samples and to predict the severity index. A significant difference was observed between healthy and COVID‐19 samples with a p‐value of 0.0002 for D‐dimer and <0.0001 for other proteins confirming the ability of the COST sensor to be used as a point of care device to assess disease severity at clinical sites. This device platform can be modified to impact a wide range of disease indications where prognostic monitoring of the host response can be critical in modulating therapy.
Surface‐modified Ag@Ru‐P25 for photocatalytic CO2 conversion with high selectivity over CH4 formation at the solid–gas interface
Authors: Hiragond Chaitanya B. , Biswas Sohag , Powar Niket S. , Lee Junho , Gong Eunhee , Kim Hwapyong , Kim Hong Soo , Jung Jin‐Woo , Cho Chang‐Hee , Wong Bryan M. , In Su‐Il
Published: July 2023

Systematic optimization of the photocatalyst and investigation of the role of each component is important to maximizing catalytic activity and comprehending the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 reduction to solar fuels. A surface‐modified Ag@Ru‐P25 photocatalyst with H2O2 treatment was designed in this study to convert CO2 and H2O vapor into highly selective CH4. Ru doping followed by Ag nanoparticles (NPs) cocatalyst deposition on P25 (TiO2) enhances visible light absorption and charge separation, whereas H2O2 treatment modifies the surface of the photocatalyst with hydroxyl (–OH) groups and promotes CO2 adsorption. High‐resonance transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure, and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure techniques were used to analyze the surface and chemical composition of the photocatalyst, while thermogravimetric analysis, CO2 adsorption isotherm, and temperature programmed desorption study were performed to examine the significance of H2O2 treatment in increasing CO2 reduction activity. The optimized Ag1.0@Ru1.0‐P25 photocatalyst performed excellent CO2 reduction activity into CO, CH4, and C2H6 with a ~95% selectivity of CH4, where the activity was ~135 times higher than that of pristine TiO2 (P25). For the first time, this work explored the effect of H2O2 treatment on the photocatalyst that dramatically increases CO2 reduction activity.
Enabling active participation and inquiry‐based learning – inclusive learning settings for a student laboratory for lower secondary school
Authors: Kieferle Sarah , Markic Silvija
Published: July 2023

Naturwissenschaftliche Bildung für alle! – Eine Antwort auf die wachsende Diversität der Schülerschaft ist der inklusive Naturwissenschaftsunterricht. Empfehlungen zur Verknüpfung inklusiver und naturwissenschaftlicher Prinzipien sind bisweilen mehr normativ als praxisorientiert. Im SchülerInnenlabor der PH Ludwigsburg werden inklusive Lernumgebungen entwickelt und umgesetzte, die allen Lernenden eine aktive Teilhabe und das Forschende Lernen ermöglichen. Diese werden von Lerngruppen bewertet. Es werden Evaluationsergebnisse aus zwei Perspektiven hinsichtlich des Gelingens der aktiven Teilhabe aller Lernenden und des Forschenden Lernens vorgestellt, die andeuten, dass kontextorientierte und Lernhilfen‐gestützte Lernumgebungen sowie das Arbeiten in kooperativen Teams und mit Tablets sich beim Experimentieren im SchülerInnenlabor positiv auf das Gelingen und das situative Interesse der Lernenden auswirken.
Efficacy of single‐pill combination in uncontrolled essential hypertension: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Xie Mengxin , Tang Tianjiao , Liang Hongsheng
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of single‐pill combination (SPC) antihypertensive drugs in patients with uncontrolled essential hypertension. Through Searching Pubmed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science collected only randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of single‐pill combination antihypertensive drugs in people with uncontrolled essential hypertension. The search period is from the establishment of the database to July 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment, and statistical analyses were performed using Review Manage 5.3 and Stata 15.1 software. This review ultimately included 32 references involving 16 273 patients with uncontrolled essential hypertension. The results of the network meta‐analysis showed that a total of 11 single‐pill combination antihypertensive drugs were included, namely: Amlodipine/valsartan, Telmisartan/amlodipine, Losartan/HCTZ, Candesartan/HCTZ, Amlodipine/benazepril, Telmisartan/HCTZ, Valsartan/HCTZ, Irbesartan/amlodipine, Amlodipine/losartan, Irbesartan/HCTZ, and Perindopril/amlodipine. According to SUCRA, Irbesartan/amlodipine may rank first in reducing systolic blood pressure (SUCRA: 92.2%); Amlodipine/losartan may rank first in reducing diastolic blood pressure (SUCRA: 95.1%); Telmisartan/amlodipine may rank first in blood pressure control rates (SUCRA: 83.5%); Amlodipine/losartan probably ranks first in diastolic response rate (SUCRA: 84.5%). Based on Ranking Plot of the Network, we can conclude that single‐pill combination antihypertensive drugs are superior to monotherapy, and ARB/CCB combination has better advantages than other SPC in terms of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood pressure control rate, and diastolic response rate. However, due to the small number of some drug studies, the lack of relevant studies has led to not being included in this study, which may impact the results, and readers should interpret the results with caution.
Global well‐posedness for the one‐phase Muskat problem
Authors: Dong Hongjie , Gancedo Francisco , Nguyen Huy Q.
Published: July 2023

The free boundary problem for a two‐dimensional fluid permeating a porous medium is studied. This is known as the one‐phase Muskat problem and is mathematically equivalent to the vertical Hele‐Shaw problem driven by gravity force. We prove that if the initial free boundary is the graph of a periodic Lipschitz function, then there exists a global‐in‐time Lipschitz solution in the strong sense and it is the unique viscosity solution. The proof requires quantitative estimates for layer potentials and pointwise elliptic regularity in Lipschitz domains. This is the first construction of unique global strong solutions for the Muskat problem with initial data of arbitrary size.
Directly Bound Deuterons Increase X‐Nuclei Hyperpolarization using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
Authors: Rooney Catriona H. E. , Gamliel Ayelet , Shaul David , Tyler Damian J. , Grist James T. , Katz‐Brull Rachel
Published: July 2023

Deuterated 13C sites in sugars (D‐glucose and 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose) showed 6.3‐to‐17.5‐fold higher solid‐state dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) levels than their respective protonated sites at 3.35T. This effect was found to be unrelated to the protonation of the bath. Deuterated 15N in sites bound to exchangeable protons ([15N2]urea) showed a 1.3‐fold higher polarization than their respective protonated sites at the same magnetic field. This relatively smaller effect was attributed to incomplete deuteration of the 15N sites due to the solvent mixture. For a 15N site that is not bound to protons or deuterons ([15N]nitrate), deuteration of the bath did not affect the polarization level. These findings suggest a phenomenon related to DNP of X‐nuclei directly bound to deuteron(s) as opposed to proton(s). It appears that direct binding to deuterons increases the solid‐state DNP polarization level of X‐nuclei which are otherwise bound to protons.
Fluorescent Probes for Detection of Environmental Contaminants (NACs & VOCs): Probe Design from a Supramolecular Perspective
Authors: Basak Megha , Das Gopal
Published: July 2023

Fresh air and clean water are essential constituents for the human population as well as for fauna and flora. Owing to the extreme toxicity of NACs and VOCs in physiological systems and their widespread presence in the environment, serious mitigation is required. The innovation of chemosensors for these two types of harmful organic contaminants (NACs i. e., nitroaromatics, and VOCs i. e., volatile organic compounds) have unfolded as a key research topic in recent decades, garnering a lot of attention due to their environmental, industrial and biological importance. In recent years, there has been a significant amount of research on both NACs and VOCs chemosensors. This Review article has recapitulated the latest development of fluorescent chemosensors especially small molecular frameworks from 2015 to 2022, for NACs and VOCs which has been discussed individually. In addition, the detection of NACs and VOCs on multiple platforms with a special focus on their mechanistic exploration, as well as their probable applications in natural water body specimens, vapor phase detection, and paper strip analysis have also been discussed.
Clinical Pharmacology and Translational Considerations in the Development of CRISPR‐Based Therapies
Authors: Abdelhady Ahmed M. , Phillips Jonathan A. , Xu Yuanxin , Stroh Mark
Published: July 2023

Genome editing holds the potential for curative treatments of human disease, however, clinical realization has proven to be a challenging journey with incremental progress made up until recently. Over the last decade, advances in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein (Cas) systems have provided the necessary breakthrough for genome editing in the clinic. The progress of investigational CRISPR therapies from bench to bedside reflects the culmination of multiple advances occurring in parallel, several of which intersect with clinical pharmacology and translation. Directing the CRISPR therapy to the intended site of action has necessitated novel delivery platforms, and this has resulted in special considerations for the complete characterization of distribution, metabolism, and excretion, as well as immunogenicity. Once at the site of action, CRISPR therapies aim to make permanent alterations to the genome and achieve therapeutically relevant effects with a single dose. This fundamental aspect of the mechanism of action for CRISPR therapies results in new considerations for clinical translation and dose selection. Early advances in model‐informed development of CRISPR therapies have incorporated key facets of the mechanism of action and have captured hallmark features of clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics from phase I investigations. Given the recent emergence of CRISPR therapies in clinical development, the landscape continues to evolve rapidly with ample opportunity for continued innovation. Here, we provide a snapshot of selected topics in clinical pharmacology and translation that has supported the advance of systemically administered in vivo and ex vivo CRISPR‐based investigational therapies in the clinic.
Big Data and Machine Learning: What Is It and Can We Use It for 4R Nutrient Management?
Authors: Nigon Leanna Leverich
Published: July 2023

Big data and machine learning have the potential to transform agriculture and 4R nutrient management practices. The integration of these technologies empowers farmers to adapt to variable conditions, optimize applications, and minimize environmental impact. While challenges such as data quality must be addressed, the future prospects are promising. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Mechanochemistry toward Organic “Salt” via Integer‐Charge‐Transfer Cocrystal Strategy for Rapid, Efficient, and Scalable Near‐Infrared Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Chen Shun‐Li , Zhang Meng‐Meng , Chen Jiecheng , Wen Xinyi , Chen Wenbin , Li Jiayu , Chen Ye‐Tao , Xiao Yonghong , Liu Huifen , Tan Qianqian , Zhu Tangjun , Ye Bowei , Yan Jiajun , Huang Yihang , Li Jie , Ni Shaofei , Dang Li , Li Ming‐De
Published: July 2023

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Shun‐Li Chen and Ming‐De Li at the Shantou University. The image shows that one electron can be transferred easily from donor to acceptor unit to obtain integer‐charge‐transfer cocrystals for realizing high‐efficient solar‐harvesting and photothermal conversion. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202300644.
Artificial intelligence enabled Luong Attention and Hosmer Lemeshow Regression Window‐based attack detection in 6G
Authors: Bhuvaneshwari B. , Balusamy Balamurugan , Dhanaraj Rajesh Kumar , Ravi Vinayakumar
Published: July 2023

Regardless of the developments of networking and communication technologies, security is without exception a predominant feature to ensure network reliability. The future sixth‐generation (6G) network is anticipated to be carried out with artificial intelligence (AI) powered communication via machine learning (ML), post‐quantum cryptography, and so on. AI‐powered communication has been in recent years utilized in enhancing network traffic performance with respect to resource management, optimal frequency spectrum design, security, and latency. The studies of modern wireless communications and anticipated features of 6G networks revealed a prerequisite for designing a trustworthy attack detection mechanism. In this work, a method called, Luong Attention and Hosmer Lemeshow Regression Window‐based (LA‐HLRW) attack detection in 6G is proposed. Initially, with the raw Botnet Attack dataset obtained as input, preprocessing is performed to normalize network traffic features. Next, the dimensionality of network traffic feature of large‐scale network traffic data is reduced using the Luong Attention integrated with Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)‐based Feature extraction model. Finally, with the objective of classifying network traffic samples for attack detection in 6G, we analyze the low dimensional network traffic feature set produced by Luong Attention integrated with LSTM using the Hosmer Lemeshow Logistic Regression Window‐based Attack Detection model. Extensive experiments are performed with the Botnet Attack dataset to validate the efficiency of the proposed LA‐HLRW method by using different parameters such as attack detection accuracy, attack detection time, precision, and recall. The overall analysis of proposed LA‐HLRW results significantly reduced the attack detection time by 24%, and additionally improved attack detection accuracy, precision, and recall by 5%, 5%, and 6% as compared to existing attack detection methods respectively.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effects of foot and ankle physical therapy, including mobilisations and exercises, in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy on range of motion, peak plantar pressures and balance
Authors: Lepesis Vasileios , Marsden Jonathan , Rickard Alec , Latour Jos M. , Paton Joanne
Published: July 2023

To evaluate the effects of foot and ankle physical therapy on ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion (ROM), peak plantar pressures (PPPs) and balance in people with diabetes. MEDLINE, EBSCO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Joanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO, EThOS, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched in April 2022. Randomised Controlled Trials (RCT), quasi‐experimental, pre‐post experimental design and prospective cohort studies were included. Participants were people with diabetes, neuropathy and joint stiffness. Interventions included physical therapy such as mobilisations, ROM exercises and stretches. Outcome measures focused on ROM, PPPs and balance. Methodological quality was assessed with Critical Appraisal Skills Programme RCT and Risk‐of‐Bias 2 tool. Meta‐analyses used random‐effects models and data was analysed using the inverse variance method. In total, 9 studies were included. Across all studies, participant characteristics were similar; however, type and exercise dosage varied greatly. Meta‐analysis was performed with four studies. Meta‐analysis showed significant effects of combined exercise interventions in increasing total ankle ROM (3 studies: MD, 1.76; 95% CI, 0.78–2.74; p = 0; I2 = 0%); and reducing PPPs in the forefoot area (3 studies; MD, −23.34; 95% CI, −59.80 to 13.13; p = 0.21, I2 = 51%). Combined exercise interventions can increase ROM in the ankle and reduce PPPs in the forefoot. Standardisation of exercise programmes with or without the addition of mobilisations in the foot and ankle joints needs further research.
A difference in larval mosquito size allows a biocontrol agent to target the invasive species
Authors: Russell Marie C
Published: July 2023

As the global temperature rises in the coming decades, Aedes albopictus is expected to invade and establish in South East England, where Culex pipiens is currently the most common native mosquito species. Biocontrol measures that use local cyclopoid copepods against Ae. albopictus may be compromised if the copepods prefer alternate Cx. pipiens prey. In this study, I assessed the predation efficiency of Megacyclops viridis copepods against Ae. albopictus larvae from France and larvae that hatched from egg rafts of Cx. pipiens collected in South East England. The experiments were conducted at 15 and 25°C, which are representative of present and future summer temperatures in South East England. Ae. albopictus larvae that survived the course of the experiment in the predator‐absent controls were significantly smaller than Cx. pipiens larvae that survived in the absence of predation. The background mortality of Cx. pipiens larvae increased with the 10‐degree increase in temperature, and the smaller size of surviving Cx. pipiens larvae at 25°C, relative to survivors at 15°C, suggests that larger Cx. pipiens larvae were more likely to die at the higher temperature setting. Across all experimental treatments, the ratio of copepod body length to mean prey length, based on larval lengths of survivors from the corresponding predator‐absent controls, was a significant predictor of the copepod's predation efficiency. Adding temperature setting to the predation efficiency model as a predictor did not improve model fit. Within the mixed prey treatments, the predation efficiency of M. viridis was 34.5 percentage points higher against Ae. albopictus prey than against Cx. pipiens prey. The higher predation efficiency that M. viridis exhibited against invasive Ae. albopictus prey, likely due to the smaller size of these larvae, supports the future use of M. viridis as a biocontrol agent in the United Kingdom.
Determinants and treatments of heart failure after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: moving up a notch
Authors: Matsushita Kensuke , Marchandot Benjamin , Trimaille Antonin , Hmadeh Sandy , Kibler Marion , Heger Joe , Carmona Adrien , Hess Sebastien , Reydel Antje , Jesel Laurence , Ohlmann Patrick , Schini‐Kerth Valerie , Morel Olivier
Published: July 2023

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in elderly and comorbid population. Significant improvement in heart function has been observed in patients undergoing TAVI, but numerous patients are readmitted to hospital for heart failure (HF). Moreover, repeat HF hospitalization is strongly associated with an adverse prognosis and increases the financial burden of health care. Although studies have identified pre‐existing and post‐procedural factors that contribute to HF hospitalization after TAVI, there is a paucity of data regarding optimal post‐procedural pharmacological treatments. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of mechanisms, determinants, and potential treatments of HF following TAVI. We first review the pathophysiology of left ventricular (LV) remodelling, coronary microcirculation disorder, and endothelial dysfunction in patients with aortic stenosis and then examine the impact of TAVI on these conditions. We then present evidence of various factors and complications that may interplay with LV remodelling and contribute to HF events after TAVI. Next, we describe the triggers and predictors of early and late HF rehospitalizations following TAVI. Lastly, we discuss the potential of conventional pharmacological treatments, including renin–angiotensin blockers, beta‐blockers, and diuretics in TAVI patients. The paper explores the potential of newer drugs, including sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors, anti‐inflammatory drugs, and ion supplementation. Comprehensive knowledge in this field may aid in recognizing successful existing therapies, developing effective new treatments, and establishing dedicated patient care strategies during follow‐up after TAVI.
Zirconocene‐Mediated Radical Hydrophosphination
Authors: Javier‐Jiménez Diego R. , Novas Bryan T. , Waterman Rory
Published: July 2023

Hydrophosphination activity has been solicited from the parent and decamethyl zirconocene dichloride compounds, Cp2ZrCl2 and Cp*2ZrCl2. Given recent reports of photocatalytic hydrophosphination, these compounds were irradiated in the near ultraviolet (UV) as precatalysts resulting in the successful hydrophosphination of styrene substrates and activated alkenes. Irradiation appears to induce homolysis of the Cp or Cp* ligand, resulting in radical hydrophosphination. Successful detection of this radical reactivity was achieved by monitoring for EPR signals with in situ irradiation, a methodology proving to be general for the determination of radical versus closed‐shell reactivity in transition‐metal photocatalysis.
Elucidating the Mechanism and Chemoselectivity in the PBu3‐Catalyzed Rauhut‐Currier Reaction of Chalcone with Ethyl Acrylate
Authors: Ye Juan , Wang Yang
Published: July 2023

Disclosing the chemoselectivity and regioselectivity of phosphine‐catalyzed Rauhut‐Currier (R−C) reaction remains a challenge. Here, a comprehensive study on the possible mechanisms and origins of the chemoselectivity and regioselectivity of PBu3‐catalyzed R−C reactions between ethyl acrylate and chalcone is performed by DFT. Both cross and homo R−C reactions are investigated and compared. The computational results show that the cross R−C reaction is energetically favorable than the homo R−C reaction, with head‐to‐tail product being generated preferentially. Moreover, the C−C bond formation process is identified to be the regioselectivity‐ and chemoselectivity‐determining step. The CDFT and Parr function analyses are successfully used to predict the origins of chemoselectivity and regioselectivity, respectively. This work would provide a valuable case for exploring the origins of the chemoselectivity and regioselectivity of the phosphine catalyzed reactions, which should be helpful to understand and control the selectivities by rational design.
A Highly Sterically Congested Bis‐Zinc‐Porphyrin Containing a Single Buta‐1,3‐diyne Linkage: From a Serendipitous Finding to Supramolecular Encapsulation
Authors: Kupietz Kamil , Trouvé Jonathan , Roisnel Thierry , Kahlal Samia , Gramage‐Doria Rafael
Published: July 2023

A unique example of a bis‐zinc‐porphyrin chemical system in which both macrocycles are covalently connected with a single, short buta‐1,3‐diyne linkage placed at theorthosites of themesophenyl rings is presented. This dimeric compound resulted from an homo‐coupling side‐reaction taking place during a copper‐catalyzed click reaction between an alkyne porphyrin and 2‐azidopyridine derivatives. Its unexpected formation was rationalized by control experiments and an improved synthesis was achieved under copper‐catalyzed Glaser‐Hay coupling reaction conditions. This highly sterically congested bis‐zinc‐porphyrin derivative behaved as a supramolecular host for encapsulating ditopic molecular guests such as 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) with association constantK1.1in the order of 106 M−1. This value is comparable to current systems that typically feature several connecting linkages between the two zinc‐porphyrin sites resulting in (supra)molecular cages ensuring a high pre‐organization. As such, the requirements to take benefit from supramolecular encapsulation can be reduced to a highly rigid, minimal covalent linkage of four atoms between zinc‐porphyrins as herein described.
Dynamic process of turbidity current‐induced benthic‐marine oxygenation evidenced by sequential ichnocoenoses: An example from a Late Permian oxygen‐deficient basin
Authors: Zheng Quan‐Feng , Cao Chang‐Qun
Published: July 2023

Turbidites and associated trace fossil assemblages have been extensively studied in modern and ancient sedimentary basins. However, benthic redox fluctuations induced by turbidity currents and relevant trace fossil suites (oxygen‐related ichnocoenoses) have rarely been demonstrated in geological records. Here, we present an example with a well‐preserved ichnocoenosis succession recording the detailed dynamic process of benthic marine oxygenation generated by turbidity currents in a Permian oxygen‐deficient basin. Millimetre‐ to centimetre‐scale sedimentological and ichnological analyses demonstrated that benthic‐marine oxygenation induced by distal turbidity currents recorded in fine‐grained calciturbidites from the anoxic basin began with a rapid, short‐lived oxygenation event marked by the Thalassinoides/?Scolicia ichnocoenosis, followed by a relative long‐term lower oxygen‐level stage indicated by the ichnocoenoses of Planolites‐Zoophycos and Zoophycos in turn, and ended with returning to the background anoxic benthic conditions represented by the laminated black shale. The sequential ichnocoenoses associated with turbidity current‐induced oxygenation events in the Permian oxygen‐deficient marine basin suggest that turbidity currents can prominently oxygenate anoxic/dysoxic bottom waters and have significant impacts on benthic communities in oxygen‐deficient basins.