bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of Homeworking during COVID-19 on Mental Health and Productivity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hall Charlotte E. , Davidson Louise , Brooks Samantha K. , Greenberg Neil , Weston Dale
Published: December 2022

Background
As of March 2020, the UK public were instructed to work from home and as a result, nearly half of those in employment did so during the following month. Pre-pandemic, around 5% of workers chose to work from home; it was often seen as advantageous, for example due to eliminating commuting time and increasing flexibility. However, homeworking also had negative connotations, for example, blurred boundaries between work and home life due to a sense of constant connectivity to the workplace. Therefore, understanding the psychological impact of working from home in an enforced and prolonged manner due to the COVID-19 pandemic is important. Therefore, this review sought to establish the impact of working from home in terms of mental health and productivity.
Methods
In January 2022, literature searches were conducted across four electronic databases: Medline, Embase, PsycInfo and Web of Science. In February 2022 grey literature searches were conducted using Google Advanced Search, NHS Evidence; Gov.uk Publications; and the British Library directory of online doctoral theses. Published and unpublished literature which collected data after March 2020, included participants who experienced working from home for at least some of their working hours, and detailed the impact of homeworking in relation to mental health or productivity were included.
Results
In total 6,906 citations were screened and 25 papers from electronic databases were included. Grey literature searching resulted in two additional papers. Therefore, 27 studies were included in this review. Findings suggest the impact of homeworking on mental health and productivity varies considerably, suggesting a complex relationship, with many factors having an influence on the relationship.
Conclusion
We found that there was no clear consensus as to the impact of working from home on mental health or productivity. However, there are indications that those who start homeworking for the first time during a pandemic are at risk of poor productivity, as are those who experience poor mental health. Suggestions for future research are suggested.
Efficient and Precise Calculation of the Confluent Hypergeometric Function
Authors: Herschtal Alan
Published: December 2022

Kummer’s function, also known as the confluent hypergeometric function (CHF), is an important mathematical function, in particular due to its many special cases, which include the Bessel function, the incomplete Gamma function and the error function (erf). The CHF has no closed form expression, but instead is most commonly expressed as an infinite sum of ratios of rising factorials, which makes its precise and efficient calculation challenging. It is a function of three parameters, the first two being the rising factorial base of the numerator and denominator, and the third being a scale parameter. Accurate and efficient calculation for large values of the scale parameter is particularly challenging due to numeric underflow and overflow which easily occur when summing the underlying component terms. This work presents an elegant and precise mathematical algorithm for the calculation of the CHF, which is of particular advantage for large values of the scale parameter. This method massively reduces the number and range of component terms which need to be summed to achieve any required precision, thus obviating the need for the computationally intensive transformations needed by current algorithms.
Does multiple gastric aspirate collection increase sensitivity of M. tuberculosis detection in children with pulmonary tuberculosis?
Authors: Venturini Elisabetta , Bortone Barbara , Cini Gianmaria , Venanzi Jacopo , Bartolesi Anna Maria , Vaggelli Guendalina , Trapani Sandra , Indolfi Giuseppe , Bianchi Leila , Montagnani Carlotta , Chiappini Elena , Rossolini Gian Maria , Galli Luisa
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the sensitivity of microscopy, culture and polymerase chain reaction on three gastric aspirates (GAs) in the microbiological confirmation of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and to identify possible changes in sensitivity derived from the collection of a different number of aspirates.

Methods

Children with clinical and radiological diagnoses of active pulmonary TB who underwent three GAs between March 2007 and June 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical, radiological, and microbiological data were collected. The sensitivity of microbiological tests on GAs was calculated. Moreover, differences in sensitivity according to age and radiological pattern were investigated.

Results

Overall, 156 children with active pulmonary TB were enrolled with a median age of 51.5 (IQR: 25.2–113.2) months. Microbiological investigations on the first GA showed a sensitivity of 34% (95%CI 26.7, 42), the cumulative sensitivity of first and second GAs was 40.4% (95%CI 32.7, 48.5) and of the three GAs was 47.4% (95%CI 39.8, 55.2). The collection of three GAs leads to an overall increase in sensitivity of the first GA by 13.4% (95%CI 2.8, 24.1%; p = 0.014). Moreover, the increase in sensitivity was significantly higher in children ≤ 4 years of age and in those with uncomplicated TB (p = 0.008).

Conclusion

Performing a higher number of GAs increases the sensitivity of microbiological confirmation of active pulmonary TB, particularly in children ≤ 4 years and with an uncomplicated radiological pattern.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by macrophytes in Ghodaghodi Lake of western Nepal
Authors: Regmi Dikshya , Bhatta Rita , Gurung Smriti , Tuladhar Shrija , Dahal Bed Mani , Raut Nani , Kafle Kumud Raj , Kayastha Rabindra , Prasad Archana , Tripathee Lekhendra , Thapa Dinesh , Sharma Chhatra Mani
Published: December 2022

This research investigates the heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb) concentration in water, sediments and macrophytes in Ghodaghodi Lake during winter and summer seasons of 2019 to find out the bioaccumulation of metals and phytoremediation potential of locally available macrophytes. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer with acid digestion method was used for analysis of heavy metals. The mean heavy metals concentration during summer and winter season were in the order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd in water and sediments. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cu and Pb were significantly higher in winter (0.79±0.71, 12.99±3.16, and 11.39±6.88 mg/g, respectively) than summer season (0.01±0.00, 9.13±5.21, and 2.16±6.64 mg/g, respectively) in sediments which is also supported by geo-accumulation index. Zinc had also higher concentrations in winter (65.29±13.13 mg/g) compared to summer (44.00±21.08 mg/g), though not significant. Ludwigia sp. was more capable of accumulating heavy metals than the Nymphaea sp. in winter season. On the other hand, Nelumbo sp. was more effective of accumulating heavy metals (except Zn) compared to Ludwigia sp. in summer season. The highest bioaccumulation factor (macrophyte/sediment) for Ludwigia sp. (common in both seasons) was observed for Cd in winter and Pb in summer season. Thus, although there were some variations in potentiality of bioaccumulation among the species, these macrophytes are capable of accumulating heavy metals providing scope in bioremediation field.
Administrative and legal regulation of local taxes and fees: the current state of affairs in Ukraine and positive foreign experience
Authors: Yara Olena , Hlushchenko Svitlana I. , Koval Mykola V. , Lytvyn Nataliia A. , Berlach Hanna V.
Published: December 2022

In recent years, Ukraine has purposefully taken a course towards European integration. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on positive foreign experience, especially in the area of financial and tax policy of the state. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state of administrative and legal regulation of local taxes and fees, as well as positive foreign experience. The main methods used to conduct the research are: the dialectical method used in the process of considering the subjects of administration; general methods and the comparative law method used in the process of reviewing and studying the legal literature and key scientific approaches in order to solve the outlined tasks and analyze international law. It is determined that the tax system of individual member states of the European Union is characterized by a significant number of local taxes and fees. There are a large number of local taxes and fees that are not typical for Ukraine in the studied countries. It is emphasized that in harmonizing the tax legislation of Ukraine with the legislation of the European Union, it is advisable to borrow some elements of the taxation system of local taxes and fees. In particular, the application of the real estate tax model in Poland is the most optimal. In order to carry out a full analysis, a comparative table of the number of local taxes and fees was formed, as well as diagrams of the percentage share of local taxes and fees in the formation of municipal revenues. It is argued that the key difference between the domestic system of taxes and fees is the lack of a significant amount of taxes, in contrast to foreign countries. However, one of the problems of foreign tax and duty systems, which is also identified by some researchers, is the complexity of taxation for both taxpayers and tax authorities. As a result, there are problems in identifying and preventing tax evasion schemes, increasing the cost of maintaining and training tax officials. Conclusions and concrete proposals were made on further improvement of the decentralization mechanism, as well as increase of the share of the balance of personal income taxes in local budgets.
Does Rising Resources Income, Consumer Prices, Government Outlay, and Globalisation Hinder Africa's Sustainable Development?
Authors: Aladejare Samson Adeniyi , Musa Mohammed Auwal
Published: December 2022

Africa's inability to achieve the SDGs is expected to have far-reaching consequences on the rest of the world since some goals carry transboundary features such as climate change, resource management, and globalisation. Thus, this study examined the effect of contemporary challenges such as growing resource income, rising consumer prices, inefficient public spending, and globalisation on Africa's quest for sustainable development. The study period spanned from 1991 to 2021, and data was sourced from 24 African countries. The empirical output for this study is derived using long-term methodologies, including feasible generalised least squares, Driscoll-Kraay, and panel dynamic ordinary least squares. The estimation of the long-term model was to capture the consequential effects of contemporary issues on sustainable development. Evidence from the model revealed that increases in resources income, consumer prices, public outlay, and globalisation are deterrents to sustainable development in the continent. However, rising income (the control variable) was found to enhance sustainable development. The individual cross-sectional regression outputs also demonstrated similar effects. Given these contemporary challenges, the study proposed relevant policy measures to aid the attainment of sustainable development in African countries.
JEL Classification: D7, O1, Q01.
Numerical simulation of cross-hole deburring by abrasive flow in a three-way hole
Authors: Wang Tiancheng , Li Junye , Yang Shengqiang , Cao Xinrui
Published: December 2022

The SST k-ω method is used to numerically simulate the effect of the inlet pressure and processing method on the machining of a three-way hole, revealing the effect of dynamic pressure and wall shear on the machining of the grain flow with different processing parameters. The simulation results show that increasing the inlet pressure and choosing a suitable processing method can improve the processing effect of abrasive flow processing.
Anaphylaxis in Risky Populations
Authors: Gelincik Aslı , Beyaz Şengül
Published: December 2022

Anaphylaxis should be clinically diagnosed with immediate recognition, whereas, despite advances
in the field of allergy, the symptoms of anaphylaxis remain to be under-recognized, diagnosis is often missed,
and treatment is often delayed. Anaphylaxis presents with symptoms in a spectrum of severity, ranging from
mild objective breathing problems to circulatory shock and/or collapse. Indeed, anaphylaxis management frequently
relies on a ‘one-size-fits-all approach’ rather than a precision medicine care model, despite the evidence
that anaphylaxis is a heterogeneous condition with differences in causative agents, clinical presentation,
and host susceptibility. The key important risk factors for severe anaphylaxis and mortality are certain age
groups or certain stages of life (infants, elderly and pregnant women), augmenting factors (physical exercise, alcohol
consumption, menstruation, acute infections), concurrent use of some medications (beta-adrenergic blockers
(β-blockers) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and concomitant diseases (i.e. asthma, cardiovascular disease,
mastocytosis). The present review aims to collectively address the patient groups who are at high risk of having
anaphylaxis, those who have a more severe course, those that are difficult to diagnose, and require a special approach
in treatment. Therefore, the risky populations like the elderly, pregnant women, patients receiving β-
blockers or ACE inhibitors, those with concomitant cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and mastocytosis, or those
having higher baseline serum tryptase levels are discussed, including their clinical presentations and treatment
strategies. Additionally, anaphylaxis during the perioperative period is addressed.
Continuous Flow Chemistry and its Application in the Extraction of Natural Compounds
Authors: Araujo Silva Giovanna Gabriely , Garcia Martins Paula Larangeira
Published: December 2022

Continuous flow chemistry refers to the delicate chemical production processes,
without interruptions and with the best possible use. It is a practice identified as an opportune
for the incorporation of the principles of Green Chemistry into economically favorable industrial
processes. The purpose of this work is to verify the efficiency advantage and lower the
wastage of time and materials that continuous flow extraction can bring to industries, compared
to the conventional methods, such as the batch method, for bioactive compound extraction.
Herein, a systematic literature review of the available research was made, and the data
were collected from articles in different languages (in Portuguese, Spanish, and English), dissertations,
and theses, including the Web of Science database. By collecting, analyzing, and
comparing publications in which tests using different methodologies for extracting compounds
were conducted, we obtained results with the acquisition of extensive information about reactors and machinery
that make extraction through continuous flow chemistry viable on a laboratory scale. We observed the expansion
of the exothermic synthetic step options that are not possible in batch reactors. Continuous flow chemistry
proves to be very advantageous compared to other conventional methods owing to several factors, such as environmental
and economical, especially because it facilitates the reuse of waste materials in industrial processes. It
not only allows a relatively fast and efficient extraction but also proves to be less aggressive to the environment.
The Efficacy of Salvia officinalis on the Prevention of Recurrent Vulvovaginal
Candidiasis: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Ahangari Fatemeh , Oskouei Behnaz Sadeghzadeh , Javadzadeh Yousef , Adibpour Mohammad , Farshbaf-Khalili Azizeh
Published: December 2022

Background:

In addition to physical discomfort, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis imposes
a significant financial and psychosocial burden, such as lower levels of self-esteem, a higher level
of stress, clinical depression, and less satisfaction with their life. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
interferes with emotional and sexual relationships.

Objective:

This study aimed to compare the effect of vaginal Salvia officinalis, clotrimazole, and their
combination on the prevention of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Methods:

This randomized triple-blinded trial was conducted on 111 women aged 18-49 years with
vulvovaginal candidiasis. Participants were randomly assigned into one of the three groups of vaginal
tablets of Salvia officinalis 400 mg and placebo of clotrimazole 100 mg, clotrimazole 100 mg and placebo
of Salvia Officinalis 400 mg, or Salvia officinalis and clotrimazole that were applied every night
for 7 consecutive days. A recurrence rate of vulvovaginal candidiasis was evaluated by WET test and
vaginitis symptoms examination after 12 weeks. In the case of positive evaluation, the culture of vaginal
discharge was performed.

Results:

Totally, 29 patients (80.6%) in group clotrimazole, 33 patients (94.3%) in group Salvia Officinalis
and 35 patients (97.2%) in group Salvia officinalis-clotrimazole were treated (P = 0.43). Out of
cured patients, 4 (13.8%) patients in the group clotrimazole, 1 patient (3%) in group Salvia Officinalis,
and no case in group Salvia officinalis-clotrimazole experienced the recurrence of infection. There was
a significant difference among the 3 groups in terms of recurrence (P = 0.023). Moreover, no adverse
event during the 12 weeks after treatment was observed.

Conclusion:

Adjuvant therapy of Salvia Officinalis alongside routine vaginal clotrimazole could successfully
prevent recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis after three months.
Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Efficacy of a Polyherbal Unani Formulation
Majoon-Najah against Cadmium Chloride-induced Liver Damage
Authors: Gupta Puneet , Singh Neelam , Bharti Charu , Shanmugam Sadish Kumar
Published: December 2022

Background:

Majoon-Najah is a composite Unani formulation that consists of multiple
medicinal plants and is advised for neurological illnesses. Several studies were carried out on
Majoon-Najah (MN) and its ingredients to evaluate the protective effect against seizure and
antidepressant activity in animals using a classical form as well as extract. Terminalia bellerica
and Emblica officinalis are the major constituents of MN. Scientifically documented literature
summarises the hepatoprotective potential of these constituents.

Aim:

The current study aimed to evaluate the possible hepatoprotective, antioxidant and antiinflammatory
perspective of traditional Indian Unani formulation MN and Majoon-Najah hydroalcoholic
extract (MNHE) in a Guinea pig model.

Methods:

Thirty adult male albino guinea pigs were randomly assigned into five groups for this
study. MN and MNHE were given intragastrically for 15 days, followed by intraperitoneal
Cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 3 mg/kg/day) from days 8 to 15, as per the schedule. Blood samples
were taken from the heart on the 16th day, and the liver was operated on for biochemical analysis
and histopathology under complete anesthesia.

Results:

CdCl2 changed the levels of liver function markers, serum biochemical indicators like
albumin, total protein, glucose, and cholesterol in the blood; lipid peroxidation (MDA), glutathione
reductase (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in hepatic tissue
homogenate, pro-inflammatory cytokines level and liver cytoarchitecture. MN and MNHE were
found to protect guinea pigs’ liver from CdCl2-induced injury by lowering raised parameters and
increasing enzymatic antioxidants. MN and MNHE did not significantly heal injured liver tissues
caused by CdCl2 in histopathological examinations.

Conclusion:

CdCl2 induces hepatotoxicity that is likely to worsen with increasing dosage and
duration of exposure. MN and MNHE exert their hepatoprotective action by scavenging free
radicals, decreasing malondialdehyde levels, activating antioxidant enzymes, and down-regulating
proinflammatory indicators.
Regional and Parenteral Analgesia in Labour
Authors: Sacramento Monir Kabiri , Esteras Javier Alcázar , de la Torre Patricia Alfaro , Merchante Miriam Sánchez
Published: December 2022

Labour pain is a complex phenomenon involving subjective psychological
factors and physiological neurohormonal factors. Many different factors contribute to
the perception of pain: cultural factors, bond, and trust in the delivery team, being able
to take their own decisions, relaxation ability, previous labour, anatomical and fetal related factors. Pain relief is one of the elements involved in overall satisfaction but it
is not the only one and is important to remember that pharmacological intervention is
only a part of it.
Locoregional Anesthesia Comments in the Obstetric Patient and Eventual Complications
Authors: García Domínguez María Mercedes , alazar Zamorano Carlos Hugo S , Martínez Hurtado Eugenio , Merchante Miriam Sánchez
Published: December 2022

Labor pain is associated with increased stress response and when it is
excessive, it may lead to hypoxemia and fetal acidosis. The most important factor in
obstetric analgesia is the desire for pain relief by the patient and neuraxial analgesia is
the mainstay procedure in labor and in anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Continuous
lumbar epidural analgesia is the mainstay of neuraxial labor analgesia. There are other
methods, such as intrathecal block or combined spinal-epidural, that can be useful in
specific cases. Despite being the safest and most effective method, the epidural labor
analgesia may have some complications. Other therapies include bilateral paracervical
block and pudendal block, which provide rapid onset analgesia (2–5 min). Although
useful, they require training and are risky in cases of placental insufficiency or
prematurity.
Reflective equilibrium is enough: against the need for preselecting considered judgements
Authors: Rechnitzer Tanja , Schmidt Michael W.
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we focus on one controversial element of the method of reflective equilibrium, namely Rawls’ idea that the commitments that enter the justificatory procedure should be pre-selected or filtered: According to him, only considered judgements should be taken into account in moral philosophy. There are two camps of critics of this filtering process: 1) Critics of reflective equilibrium: They reject the Rawlsian filtering process as too weak and seek a more reliable one, which would actually constitute a distinct epistemic method. 2) Proponents of reflective equilibrium: They reject the Rawlsian filtering process as too exclusionary. We defend RE against its critics, arguing that the method can secure reasonable commitments without depending on a strong external filtering process. However, we side with the critical proponents of reflective equilibrium and argue that without the Rawlsian weak filtering process, RE is more plausible both as a general method as well as in the context of moral philosophy.
Исследование теплофизических процессов получения различных алюмоматричных композитов
Authors: Мыльников В.В. , Пронин А.И. , Мыльникова М.В. , Романова Е.А. , Шетулов Д.И.
Published: December 2022

The possibilities of obtaining aluminum matrix composite materials of the composition Al−Al2O3 are considered
by the method of liquid-phase oxidation of aluminum by purging the melt with oxygen. The obtained materials
are a two-phase system with different concentrations of the solid phase. An algorithm
for calculating the kinetics of aluminum oxidation in obtaining the oxide phase of an aluminum matrix composite is proposed.
It is established that the beginning and completeness of the reaction on the surface of the gas bubble determines the synthesis of the oxide
phase and is determined by the functions T(t), h(t) in the region of dynamic time delay, which, in turn,
the queue is revealed as a function of the temperature in the contact zone of the gas bubble with the melt, taking into account
the duration of the heating of the bubble along the cross section and the radius of the bubble itself. The microstructures
of the obtained materials with different structural-phase state with variations in the time of purging
and oxygen supply to the aluminum melt are presented
Особенности разрушения микроструи разбавленного полимерного раствора на основные и спутниковые микрокапли под действием внешнего вибрационного воздействия
Authors: Хомутов Н.А. , Семенова А.Е. , Белоногов М.В. , Ди Мартино Антонио , Хан Е.А. , Пискунов М.В.
Published: December 2022

An experimental study of the morphology of the laminar microjet flow of diluted aqueous solutions of sodium alginate without and with the addition of hydroxyethyl cellulose after a nozzle subject to external vibration stimulation by the action of the reverse piezoelectric effect was carried out. We studied the influence of the polymer concentration in the solution (0.5-5 mg/ml), the flow rate of the liquid (4-26 ml/min), and the frequency of the current of external perturbation (0-1.2 kHz) on the capillary crushing of the microjet with a diameter of about 210 um in the range of Ohnesorge numbers from 0.046 to 1.88 and Reynolds numbers 0.7 to 470. The modes of microjet flow and crushing on microdroplets with indication of boundaries of transitions between them are selected, and a general map of modes is built. Taking into account the polymer concentration in the solution, the dependence of the microjet fracture length on its velocity is shown. The conditions of monodisperse microjet destruction with equidistant arrangement of the main microdroplets in the flow are determined, which are related to an optimal balance between the molecular mass of the polymer in the solution, the intensity of external disturbance and the time of stress relaxation in polymer viscoelastic microjets. The role of formation of structures such as «beads-on-filament» in capillary destruction of microjet with identification of cases of absence of occurrence of «satellite» microdroplets from liquid threads between the main microdroplets has been studied. The results are applied to technologies based on in-air microfluidics (bioengineering and additive technologies), dealing with heterogeneous fluids with viscoelastic properties.
Исследование величины и механизма образования заряда атмосферного плазмоида
Authors: Степанов С.И.
Published: December 2022

Продолжено исследование долгоживущего автономного атмосферного плазмоида (Гатчинский плазмоид). Электрический заряд плазмоида обнаружен нами ранее с помощью плазменного зонда. Здесь измерительная аппаратура была усовершенствована, что позволило учесть влияние тока смещения. Измеренный заряд отрицательного плазмоида составлял около -35 nC. Установлено, что плазмоид получает заряд во время протекания тока разряда. После выключения тока заряд не стекает на электроды, предположительно из-за быстрого уменьшения концентрации заряженных частиц и уменьшения проводимости плазмы между плазмоидом и электродами. Показано, что электрический заряд является свойством плазмоида, как это ранее и полагали в отношении шаровой молнии. Ключевые слова: атмосферный плазмоид, высоковольтный разряд, плазменный зонд, шаровая молния, электрический заряд.
Резонансный метод измерения концентрации ионосферной плазмы на микроспутниках
Authors: Галка А.Г. , Костров А.В. , Малышев М.С.
Published: December 2022

A method has been developed for diagnostics of the ionospheric plasma density on board a microsatellite using a resonator made on a segment of a two-wire line. The measurements of plasma parameters are based on the amplitude-phase method, which permits extanding the dynamic range of measured values by three orders of magnitude without increasing the resonator length. The paper presents a measurement technique and its experimental testing on a plasma setup under conditions as close as possible to the ionospheric ones
Особенности формирования нитевидной структуры микроволнового разряда в потоке аргона
Authors: Синцов С.В. , Водопьянов А.В. , Степанов А.Н. , Мансфельд Д.А. , Чекмарев Н.В. , Преображенский Е.И. , Мурзанев А.А. , Ромашкин А.В.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the spatial structure of a microwave discharge maintained in an argon flow by gyrotron radiation in a continuous mode with a frequency of 24 GHz at atmospheric pressure. In the structure of the plasma plume, stationary filamentary channels are observed, elongated along the direction of the argon flow, regardless of the orientation of the external electric field of the wave, surrounded by a diffusion halo. Measurements of the electron density, vibrational and rotational temperatures of gas molecules in plasma filaments have been carried out. The role of gas-dynamic mechanisms responsible for the formation of the inhomogeneous static structure of the plasma torch and the maintenance of a substantially nonequilibrium distribution of temperature characteristics in the discharge is discussed.
Неоднородная пластическая деформация аморфных металлических сплавов под действием квазистатической механической нагрузки
Authors: Слядников Е.Е. , Турчановский И.Ю.
Published: December 2022

Сформулирована и обоснована гипотеза о том, что квазистатическая деформация в аморфном металлическом сплаве есть сложный релаксационный многоэтапный процесс, представляющий собой упорядоченную во времени иерархическую последовательность взаимосвязанных структурных переходов первого рода. Эти неравновесные процессы последовательно протекают на различных масштабных пространственно-временных уровнях, начиная с самого низшего уровня --- кластера атомов первой координационной сферы со временем релаксации taueta, затем среднего уровня --- нанокластера атомов пятой координационной сферы со временем релаксации tauφ, наконец, высшего уровня --- атомов полосы скольжения с пространственным масштабом 10 nm и временем релаксации tau, причем tau>>tauφ>>taueta. Они сопровождаются превращениями различных видов потенциальной энергии атомов (упругой, неупругой, пластической деформации, ZST) друг в друга. Построены механизм и модель неравновесного перехода упругое механическое состояние --- состояние с зонами сдвиговой трансформации, механизм и модель локализованной пластической деформации в аморфном металлическом сплаве. В интервале неединственности в ответ на локально внесенное возмущение возникает бегущая автоволна, переводящая полосу скольжения из режима неупругой деформации в режим пластической деформации. Проведены оценки модельных параметров и вычислены важные физические свойства пластической деформации. Ключевые слова: аморфно-металлические сплавы, механическая нагрузка, пластическая деформация, неравновесный структурный переход, синергетическая модель, кинетические уравнения, автоволна.
Issues in Melanoma Detection: Semisupervised Deep Learning Algorithm Development via a Combination of Human and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Xie Ziqian , Xiang Yang , Baig Imran , Kozman Mena , Stender Carly , Giancardo Luca , Tao Cui
Published: December 2022

Background

Automatic skin lesion recognition has shown to be effective in increasing access to reliable dermatology evaluation; however, most existing algorithms rely solely on images. Many diagnostic rules, including the 3-point checklist, are not considered by artificial intelligence algorithms, which comprise human knowledge and reflect the diagnosis process of human experts.

Objective

In this paper, we aimed to develop a semisupervised model that can not only integrate the dermoscopic features and scoring rule from the 3-point checklist but also automate the feature-annotation process.

Methods

We first trained the semisupervised model on a small, annotated data set with disease and dermoscopic feature labels and tried to improve the classification accuracy by integrating the 3-point checklist using ranking loss function. We then used a large, unlabeled data set with only disease label to learn from the trained algorithm to automatically classify skin lesions and features.

Results

After adding the 3-point checklist to our model, its performance for melanoma classification improved from a mean of 0.8867 (SD 0.0191) to 0.8943 (SD 0.0115) under 5-fold cross-validation. The trained semisupervised model can automatically detect 3 dermoscopic features from the 3-point checklist, with best performances of 0.80 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.8380), 0.89 (AUC 0.9036), and 0.76 (AUC 0.8444), in some cases outperforming human annotators.

Conclusions

Our proposed semisupervised learning framework can help with the automatic diagnosis of skin disease based on its ability to detect dermoscopic features and automate the label-annotation process. The framework can also help combine semantic knowledge with a computer algorithm to arrive at a more accurate and more interpretable diagnostic result, which can be applied to broader use cases.
Toward Individualized Prediction of Binge-Eating Episodes Based on Ecological Momentary Assessment Data: Item Development and Pilot Study in Patients With Bulimia Nervosa and Binge-Eating Disorder
Authors: Arend Ann-Kathrin , Kaiser Tim , Pannicke Björn , Reichenberger Julia , Naab Silke , Voderholzer Ulrich , Blechert Jens
Published: December 2022

Background

Prevention of binge eating through just-in-time mobile interventions requires the prediction of respective high-risk times, for example, through preceding affective states or associated contexts. However, these factors and states are highly idiographic; thus, prediction models based on averages across individuals often fail.

Objective

We developed an idiographic, within-individual binge-eating prediction approach based on ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data.

Methods

We first derived a novel EMA-item set that covers a broad set of potential idiographic binge-eating antecedents from literature and an eating disorder focus group (n=11). The final EMA-item set (6 prompts per day for 14 days) was assessed in female patients with bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder. We used a correlation-based machine learning approach (Best Items Scale that is Cross-validated, Unit-weighted, Informative, and Transparent) to select parsimonious, idiographic item subsets and predict binge-eating occurrence from EMA data (32 items assessing antecedent contextual and affective states and 12 time-derived predictors).

Results

On average 67.3 (SD 13.4; range 43-84) EMA observations were analyzed within participants (n=13). The derived item subsets predicted binge-eating episodes with high accuracy on average (mean area under the curve 0.80, SD 0.15; mean 95% CI 0.63-0.95; mean specificity 0.87, SD 0.08; mean sensitivity 0.79, SD 0.19; mean maximum reliability of rD 0.40, SD 0.13; and mean rCV 0.13, SD 0.31). Across patients, highly heterogeneous predictor sets of varying sizes (mean 7.31, SD 1.49; range 5-9 predictors) were chosen for the respective best prediction models.

Conclusions

Predicting binge-eating episodes from psychological and contextual states seems feasible and accurate, but the predictor sets are highly idiographic. This has practical implications for mobile health and just-in-time adaptive interventions. Furthermore, current theories around binge eating need to account for this high between-person variability and broaden the scope of potential antecedent factors. Ultimately, a radical shift from purely nomothetic models to idiographic prediction models and theories is required.
Social Network Analysis of Coffee Shop Visitors Using Twitter Data
Authors: Arhas Sitti Hardiyanti , Niswaty Risma , Suprianto Suprianto , Mustafa Delly , Syaekhu Ahmad
Published: December 2022

The concept of the present and the sense of comfort offered by the coffee shop bring in various visitors in terms of age, children, teenagers, adults, and even the elderly. Visitors in terms of work, both from junior high school, high school/vocational school students, university students, private employees, civil servants, and from various other types of work are happy to visit. The purpose of this study was to conduct a social network analysis of coffee shop visitors in Indonesia. The postmodern concept of consumption is related to the realization that consumption appears more significant at sign value or symbolic qualities than use value. The research method used is qualitative netnography. The data is obtained from uploads on the Twitter application with the help of Atlas. ti application. Because it uses network analysis, tweets that are not related to other tweets will be excluded from the study. The results showed that Twitter users went to a coffee shop to do work while drinking coffee; conduct watching events together, either football, moto GP, or other similar matches; perform social activities with the closest people, and want to eat their favorite food. The results of the word cloud analysis obtained several words that appear and are often used by coffee shop visitors on Twitter applications such as warkop, nongkrong, ngopi, kopi, ngobrol, kerja, makan, teh, lagu, nongki, and many other words. The novelty of this study lies in the approach used, namely netnography so that the data obtained reaches a wider range of data.
DYNAMICS OF FARMING SERAWAI PEOPLE IN BENGKULU
Authors: Chalik Alex Abdu
Published: December 2022

This study aims to reveal the dynamics of the life of the Serawai people in Bengkulu in farming. The dynamics of a cultivator's life cannot be separated from the cultivation process he does. Farming activities are the core of cultivator's life all the time, which takes place from the preparation process to the utilization of their field products. The method used in this research is descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. The data collection used is observation, interviews and documentation. Data were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. The results showed that: 1) Farming in the Serawai people in Bengkulu is the essence of life. Cultivators adapt their life activities to natural conditions, especially soil, seasons and weather as well as social conditions. Land is the most important element in the agricultural production system of the Serawai people. New land is very difficult to obtain now, so gradually it forces cultivators to change their cultivation process. Cultivators believe in natural phenomena is very high, as well as belief in supernatural powers. Farming activities are closely related to the dynamics of the social life of the Serawai people. A system of mutual cooperation and mutual assistance is needed so that work can take place more efficiently; 2) The process of farming for the Serawai people in Bengkulu is carried out through the stages of clearing land, slashing, cutting, building cottages, burning land, planting, maintaining plants, harvesting, distributing and utilizing the results. This study concludes that the dynamics of the life of Serawai cultivators are reciprocally related to the cultivation process, where social life causes the ongoing cultivation process and the farming process itself determines the social life of the community. Social life and farming processes take place dynamically all the time.
Economic Load Dispatch Using Computational Techniques
Authors: Jan Zaineb Nisar , Saini Dr. Satish
Published: December 2022

Abstract: This research paper introduces the importance of economic dispatch in a power system. Economic dispatch was the method used in allocating the output power of each generator to achieve the optimal dispatch to reduce fuel cost to the minimum. The research paper discusses how the economic dispatch problem can be solved by using the methods of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Lambda Iteration (LI). These methods were applied in IEEE-30 busses systems. The system was tested on a few loads demands to find out the total fuel cost, power losses, and computational time.
A Review on Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in India
Authors: Abhirami N R , Laksmi V V , Deepitha A M
Published: December 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) was believed to be a Western disease, but are now increasingly being reported from India and other Asian countries where IBD was almost unheard of 30 years ago. Now India is projected to have one of the highest IBD burden across the world. There is rising incidence and prevalence of IBD in India topping the Southeast Asian countries. The clinical presentation of IBD in India is similar to other South East Asian countries. IBD is considered as a result of the complex interaction between the environment, diet, certain medications, genetic variables and a severe autoimmune response against normal bacteria in the gut. However exact cause is still unknown. Also there exists a gender distribution in IBD. In India IBD is more prevalent in males compared to females. This review summarizes the prevalence of IBD in India and some possible risk factors contributing to it.

Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease, prevalence, India
Ayurveda Concept of Manas, Aatma and Clinical Management of Maansik Roga
Authors: Mukhedkar Ankita Sunil , Chavan Dipti Ajay
Published: December 2022

Ayurveda considered human body as combination of Sharir, Satva, Indriyas and Atma. These all together forms various constitution of body, Sharir represents physical constitution, Satva, Indriyas and Atma governed activity of Sharir. Satva represents Manas constitution, it govern psychic and psycho-somatic manifestations. Indriyas associated with sensory functioning and Atma represent something that is subtle in nature and associated with divine power. Manas is responsible for mental functioning, which is greatly affected by Ahara and Vihara. Similarly Atma related with spiritual power that also govern moral attire of individual. The psychological and psychosomatic disorders mainly arise due to the improper functioning of Manas. The Manas Roga also associated with life style pattern and social behavior. The balancing state of Satva helps to cure Manas Roga and this state can be achieved by following rules of Ahara, Vihar, Pathya and Apathya. The spiritual well being or moral conduction helps to establish balances of Manas thus restrict pathogenesis of Manas Roga.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Manas, Satva, Atma, Manas Roga
The impact of board diversity on the performance of banks
Authors: Khalaf Bashar Abu
Published: December 2022

This paper empirically investigated the impact of board diversity on the performance of 13 banks in Jordan during the period of 2005–2020. Panel data was collected from the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) and the formal websites of the different banks. Fixed-effect and random-effect techniques have been applied to check the impact of board diversity on banks’ performance. The results found that the larger the size of the bank, the better their return since they hold more deposits, and this increase their investment opportunities. In addition, the larger the size of the board, the better the performance since more experienced directors would be included in the decision-making and higher added knowledge in the decision-making process. Including more board members should enrich the decision-making process with high experience and know-how characteristics. In addition, this paper confirmed that Jordanian banks should include more women in their boards since sharing their managerial skills and experience should enhance banks’ performance.
Strategi Dakwah IPHI Kabupaten Karanganyar dalam Meningkatkan Ukhuwah Islamiyah
Authors: Firda Rohana  , Fathurrohman Husen  , Puput Yanita Senja
Published: December 2022

Jamaah IPHI Karanganyar Regency has a different islamic organizational background, but is able to realize a harmonious, tolerant Islamic society, and is able to establish Islamic ukhuwah between pilgrims. The question is how the da'wah strategy carried out by IPHI Karanganyar Regency in maintaining and maintaining ukhuwah Islamiyah among its worshippers. This research aims to 1) find out how the IPHI da'wah strategy of Karanganyar Regency in maintaining ukhuwah Islamiyah among its worshippers 2) Knowing the effectiveness of the da'wah strategy 3) Knowing what are the driving factors and obstacles in carrying out da'wah strategies. This type of research is field research with descriptive qualitative methods. The source of this research data is primary data, namely from the interview results of the chairman of IPHI Karanganyar Regency, both education, training and da'wah, and IPHI Karanganyar pilgrims. Secondary data obtained from photo documentation of activities and documents or archives of IPHI Karanganyar Regency. Through research it is known that the da'wah strategy of IPHI Karanganyar Regency in maintaining ukhuwah Islamiyah among its pilgrims is: 1) Through three stages namely the formulation of strategy, implementation and evaluation 2) da'wah program is carried out by two methods namely oral bil method and bil p 3) IPHI management services in controlling ukhuwah Islamiyah pilgrims by instilling mutual respect and through government policy with the establishment of IPHI and the role of the community in IPHI  Karanganyar Regency 4) The effectiveness of da'wah strategy carried out by IPHI Karanganyar is good, and 5) There are supporting factors and obstacles in carrying out da'wah strategies in maintaining Islamic ukhuwah among pilgrims.
Perpustakaan Cinet: Wadah Literasi yang Dikenalkan Sejak Dini di Era Digital
Authors: Ramdhani Khairul , Juniatmoko Ronnawan
Published: December 2022

Today's reading culture is very rarely found because of the times that continue to this day, let alone entering the era of globalization in which there are various kinds of digitization which in general all work can be done easily and quickly. The program, which was created in Cinet Hamlet, Bulurejo Village, Gondangrejo District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province, is related to restoring reading interest during this very massive digitalization era, namely the Cinet Library. The method that devotees use is environmental observation. From the results of these observations, the devotees have not found one from all sides and corners of the literacy place in Cinet Hamlet, namely the library. The purpose of this service is to make children return to reading books even though the digitalization era has entered their age, which are still in elementary school.
Berkarya Melalui Film: Pendampingan Pembuatan Film Pendek Bagi Siswa Madrasah Aliyah
Authors: Pratiwi Rhesa Zuhriya Briyan , Eny Susilowati  , Muhammad Thoriq  , Nuraviananda  , Icha Imkasari Aulia Rahma  , Sayyid Iksanudinoor Abdillah  , Wisnu Sadana Nur Hutama
Published: December 2022

The importance of the soft skills of high school students today tends to be a social concern. Judging from the development of digitalization of existing media, high school students need to prepare and equip themselves to face the rhythm of learning in higher education, or be ready to enter the community with all their competencies. The purpose of this service is to provide assistance for high school students and/or equivalent to Madrasah Aliyah (MA) in the process of making short films. The service is carried out in two stages and is located at MAN 1 Special Program (PK) Surakarta. Through this service, the participants were given material about the initial concept of making a short film, as well as a number of stages in making a short film. Then, participants were asked to practice some simple techniques in taking pictures on film, and continued with the process of making short films. Overall, the participants are expected to have the ability and knowledge of how to make a short film, starting from drafting concepts and story ideas, making scripts, the execution process in shooting, as well as editing and the final stage.