bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SMEs’ E-Commerce Adoption and Customer Responsiveness: A Test of Miles and Snow’s Typology
Authors: Ofori-Amanfo Joshua , Newman Florence , Konlan Prosper , Siaw Juliet
Published: December 2024

This study deepens understanding of the operations strategy of SMEs by examining the extent to which the strategic behavior (using Miles and Snow’s typology) of SMEs influences their e-commerce adoption and customer responsiveness. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design with data collected from 320 SMEs using questionnaires. The Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed in the data analysis. The study finds that SMEs are indifferent towards strategic behavioral options relative to Miles and Snow’s typology. Among the four strategic behavior options (Analysers, Prospectors, Defenders, and Reactors), the Analyser and Defender strategies were found to influence e-commerce adoption but not customer responsiveness. The prospector strategy was determined to influence both e-commerce adoption and customer responsiveness, whereas the reactor strategy was found not to impact either e-commerce adoption or customer responsiveness. The data gathered was from three selected service sub-sectors; hence, this affects the generalisability of the study for all service sector firms. This study suggests that service SMEs who intend to prioritize e-commerce and customer responsiveness must gravitate towards certain strategic behaviors more than others. The study contributes to the operations strategy literature on SMEs through the establishment of the strategic behavioral attributes of SMEs and how these behaviors influence their e-commerce adoption and customer responsiveness.
The Impact of Equity Financing Moderation on Global Supply Chain Management and Corporate Performance Relationship
Authors: Tawathi Saman , Ishak Gos
Published: December 2024

The main urban environmental problems are poor air quality, the urban heat island effect, water quality deterioration and flooding, environmental biodiversity needs, increased waste flows, and excessive carbon emissions levels. Many of these issues, especially the urban heat island effect and stormwater runoff, have a greater impact and stronger influence on post-industrial cities more emphatically influence post-industrial cities, because of their specific development patterns. Cities face many environmental challenges, including air and water quality problems, the need for adequate green space, excessive heat gain, contaminated stormwater runoff and lack of biodiversity ecosystem. Urban agriculture offers a unique opportunity to utilize vacant or idle land and rooftops throughout cities for the production of oxygen and healthy pesticide-free food. Adding residential green space to a neighborhood, including community gardens and urban farms, is known to provide a number of social, health, economic, and environmental benefits. Despite the challenging global trends, some citizens believe that Indonesia presents the resilience trend as displayed across the region, and we are ready to keep moving forward together for the years. In 2021 President of the Republic of Indonesia, Bpk Joko Widodo, officially established National Food Agency in Indonesia. This agency is ministered under the Ministry of Agriculture Food Security Agency, led by Bpk Arief Prasetyo Adi, and the Ministry of Economy, led by Bpk Airlangga Hartarto. The need for food and the market is very large and will continue to grow. However, the development of the food sector requires innovative methods based on modern technology, which will be able to increase the efficiency of the production process and the quality of food that is affordable and able to improve the carrying capacity of the environment, as well as the welfare of farmers and their supporting sectors. The purpose of this research is to provide information for executives to contribute to the development of the supply chain management talent, including the primary drivers, benefits, barriers, and bridges. The challenging macroeconomic and political environment is also putting pressure on the global business sector. Large companies have reported shrinking profit margins due to rising costs. Among small businesses, bankruptcy rates have begun to rise as borrowing costs rise and financial support dwindles. Emerging markets face many risks related to a strong US dollar, high external borrowing costs, persistently high inflation, volatility in commodity markets, increased uncertainty on the outlook for economic conditions in global economies, and pressure from tightening policies in advanced economies.
A Systematic Investigation of PbSe Thermoelectric Material
Authors: Rahman Md. Moklesur , Hosain Md. Kamal , Samad Fateha , Abbas Fysol Ibna
Published: December 2024

The thermoelectric characteristics of lead selenium (PbSe) doped with gallium (Ga) are investigated in this study. When the lead sulfide (PbSe) is tuned with appropriate dopants, it exhibits satisfactory ZT values, hence making it a promising thermoelectric material. This study examines the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, and power factor of PbSe, with varying amounts of added Ga. Results indicate that incorporating Ga into PbSe improves its thermoelectric performance, with a maximum ZT value of approximately 1.2 at 873 K for the optimal doping concentration of 0.005 atomic percent. This improvement is attributed to the combined effects of increased electrical conductivity and reduced thermal conductivity. These findings suggest that Ga-doped PbSe is a promising candidate for mid-temperature thermoelectric applications.
Effect of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on Endometrial Thickness of Wistar Rats Under Antagonist Protocol in In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Anantasika Anak Agung Ngurah , Suardika Anom , Dharma Anak Agung Gde Kiki Sanjaya
Published: December 2024

Introduction:The advancement of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) has significantly improved fertility outcomes, particularly through In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). One critical factor influencing IVF success is the health and receptivity of the endometrium. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on endometrial thickness in Wistar rats subjected to an antagonist protocol during IVF.
Methods:This experimental study used a randomized post-test only con- trolled group design involving 40 Wistar rats, divided into two groups: the treatment group (administered PRP) and the control group (no PRP admin- istration). Endometrial thickness was measured using histomorphometry, and the results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test.
Result: A total of 40 rats were included in the study. PRP administration significantly increased endometrial thickness in rats subjected to the IVF antagonist protocol compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The mean endometrial thickness in the treatment group was 335.5 ± 32.2 μm, while in the control group, it was 228.5 ± 42.7 μm.
Conclusion:Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) significantly increases endometrial thickness in Wistar rats under the IVF antagonist protocol, suggesting its potential in enhancing IVF success. This finding has important implications for the field of reproductive medicine.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Minimally Invasive Surgical Interventions in Chronic Complicated Forms of Colonic Diverticulitis
Authors: Itkulov A. F. , Ibatullin A. A. , Baikov D. E. , Eybov R. R. , Timerbulatov M. V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Diverticular disease refers to common non-neoplastic diseases of the colon, accounting for 30–60% of all pathologies of the organ. According to clinical guidelines, the treatment strategy for complicated forms of diverticulitis is predominantly conservative. However, certain forms of chronic complicated diverticulitis require surgical intervention, particularly sigmoid resection.

Materials and methods. The study involved a retrospective analysis of robot-assisted, laparoscopic, and open sigmoid resections for chronic complicated forms of diverticular disease of the colon. From 2014 to 2023, a total of 85 patients underwent surgery at the Clinic of Bashkir State Medical University. In Group 1, 24 patients (28.3%) underwent surgery, in Group 2 — 28 patients (32.9%), and in Group 3 — 33 (38.8%). The results were processed using mathematical statistical methods, MS Excel XP, and Statistica 10.0 software.

Results and discussion. The comparative analysis of minimally invasive surgical interventions and open surgeries revealed that the application of minimally invasive surgery, specifically robot-assisted and laparoscopic approaches, is associated with reduced hospital stay and fewer postoperative complications compared to similar metrics observed with open surgical procedures.

Conclusion. The study findings indicate the advantages of robot-assisted surgeries in certain cases, which, as an alternative method, do not fall short of traditional laparoscopic surgical techniques. Moreover, robot-assisted interventions are associated with earlier postoperative recovery and reduced hospital stay.
Effectiveness of Biological and Surgical Sampling for Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Islamov R. N. , Sharipov R. A. , Tukfatullin R. K. , Sidorov I. V. , Yagafarova R. K.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Tuberculosis remains a significant public health issue, ranking second only to COVID-19 in terms of mortality from infectious diseases, with more than 10 million individuals affected annually. Despite a decline in incidence rate, its diagnosis continues to be challenging, particularly in cases with negative results from microbiological and histological examinations.

Aim. To compare the effectiveness of surgical diagnostic methods for tuberculosis during the pre-analytical phase of bacteriological verification.

Materials and methods. The retrospective study, conducted at the Republican Clinical Tuberculosis Treatment Dispensary of the Republic of Bashkortostan, analyzed data from 1272 patients who were hospitalized in the Tuberculous Pulmonary Surgery Unit from 2021 to 2023 and underwent bacteriological diagnostics, including microscopy and polymerase chain reaction.

Results and discussion. The results indicate that out of 1272 surgeries, 65.2% involved resection procedures, with confirmed tuberculosis infection in 83.1% of patients. Bronchoalveolar lavage identified mycobacteria in 153 patients (20.5%), whereas sputum collection revealed them in 106 patients. The new collection method, although less effective, demonstrated a detection rate of 15.7% through molecular genetic analysis.

Conclusion. Surgical diagnostic methods for tuberculosis appeared to be effective, detecting mycobacterium tuberculosis in 83.1% of cases, surpassing the standard sputum collection method, which has a detection rate of 10.8% via molecular genetic analysis. Bronchoalveolar lavage proved to be more productive, yielding 20.5% positive results on a molecular genetic basis, 11% microscopically, and 8% through culture. Although the new method is less effective, it is recorded as being more accurate than the standard, with detection rates of 15.7% molecularly, 6.6% microscopically, and 5.2% through culture.
Cicatricial Tracheal Stenosis — A Long-Life Journey
Authors: Pechetov A. A. , Vishnevskaya G. A. , Volchanski D. A. , Lednev A. N. , Danilov I. I. , Gulova N. V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Since ancient times tracheostomy is known as a surgical procedure that ensures airway patency. According to current views, a non-idiopathic cicatricial tracheal stenosis develops within six weeks following the initiation of mechanical ventilation. When a patient presents with a characteristic history and complaints, the diagnosis of cicatricial tracheal stenosis poses no challenges.

Aim. To present a series of observations of patients who underwent tracheostomy in childhood, whereas the cicatricial tracheal stenosis was diagnosed only in over 35 years after the onset of airway obstruction symptoms.

Materials and methods. The study involved five patients (two men and three women) aged between 43 and 63 years. All patients had undergone tracheostomy in childhood, followed by subsequent decannulation. For over 35 years, the patients were monitored under the diagnosis of bronchial asthma. When a tracheal stenosis was identified, all patients underwent circular tracheal resection.

Results and discussion. The duration of the surgical procedure ranged from 110 to 240 minutes. No complications that required re-surgery were recorded. All patients achieved healing of the tracheal anastomosis. The postoperative hospitalization period ranged from 10 to 15 days. The incidence of tracheal complications remains 0.2%–25%. The clinical onset of tracheal stenosis typically occurs within the first few months following decannulation. Functional diagnostic methods reveal a pattern of bronchial obstruction, which necessitates the administration of inhalation therapy using various groups of bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory medications. The most informative instrumental diagnostic techniques for tracheal diseases include laryngotracheoscopy and computed tomography.

Conclusion. A history of tracheostomy or mechanical ventilation in patients presenting with complaints of dyspnea requires meticulous attention due to the risk of the development of cicatricial tracheal stenosis.
Safety of the Off-Label Use of Antitumor Drugs in Real Clinical Practice: Experience of Oncologists of the Russian Federation
Authors: Каrabina E. V. , Sakaeva D. D. , Lipatov O. N.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. One of the key issues associated with the off-label use of antitumor drugs is safety. Typically, the advantages of such prescriptions in oncology are linked to the potential clinical benefits outweighing the risks of complications.

Aim. To assess the safety of the off-label antitumor drug therapy in comparison with the on-label drug administration in the context of real clinical practice among oncologists in the Tula region.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Tula Regional Clinical Oncology Center, Russia. Over a six-month period in 2019, clinical data, provided by the regional information system, were analyzed for 919 completed treatment cases of 201 patients over 18 years of age who received antitumor drug therapy for malignant neoplasms. The study enrolled patients who had at least one hospitalization and got off-label antitumor drug therapy, as well as those receiving on-label drug treatment. The study assessed the safety of the off-label antitumor drug therapy in comparison with that of the on-label treatment, estimating the frequency of adverse events (AEs), spectrum of adverse events, severity of adverse events, fatal outcomes, treatment delays and discontinuations, and hospitalizations due to toxicity. A comparative analysis involved the results of using off-label and on-label antitumor drug therapy in terms of the aforementioned parameters. Results and discussion. No unforeseen adverse events were revealed in the study. The spectrum of adverse events encompassed 40 clinical and laboratory abnormalities with varying frequencies across the studied groups. Adverse events were observed in the majority of patients across both studied groups (83% and 86%). A predominance of grade I and II toxicity was noted. In some instances, therapy was discontinued and treatment was suspended; however, the frequency of these occurrences was significantly lower compared to current literature data. One fatal outcome due to complications from the administered therapy was recorded. All adverse events were reported in both studied groups with similar frequencies. The most commonly observed adverse events in both groups included hepatotoxicity, anemia, thrombocytopenia, nephropathy, cephalalgia, leukocytosis, skin toxicity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, bone pain syndrome, and dizziness. Other adverse events occurred sporadically with similar frequency. The most severe presentations were noted in the following adverse events: thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal toxicity, leukocytosis, hyperglycemia, and immune-mediated diabetes mellitus with ketoacidotic coma.

Conclusion. In real clinical practice, the safety of off-label and on-label antitumor drug therapy reveals no significant difference.
COVID-19 AND PREGNANCY
Authors: Semeniak A. , Nitsovych I. , Kushnir O. , Hrachova T. , Berbets A.
Published: December 2024

Physiological changes that occur during pregnancy may alter the response to COVID-19 infection. Pregnancy is considered a risk factor for infectious diseases, but the increased risk of complications with COVID-19 is controversial. Since the beginning of the pandemic, the impact of the disease on the condition of the mother and fetus has been questioned.
The aim of the study. To assess the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the course of pregnancy, fetal growth depending on the period of pregnancy, when the disease occurred in a pregnant woman in a mild and moderate form.
Materials and methods. Two groups were formed: 1st main group 60 pregnant women suffering from COVID-19 in different stages of pregnancy, 2nd control group 20 healthy pregnant women without COVID-19 infection. A general clinical, bacterioscopic, bacteriological, immunoenzymatic, ultrasound examination was performed. Statistical analysis was performed according to generally accepted methods of variational statistics.
Approval of the scientific work was obtained from the Bioethics Commission of the Bukovyna State Medical University (Ukraine).
The work is a part of the research work "Prevention, diagnostics and treatment of disorders of perinatal period and reproductive system of women and adolescent girls" (No. 201110H, state registration No. 0111U006499).
Research results. A significant decrease in free estriol was revealed by 3.82±0.29 (p<0.01) in the main group when infected in the first trimester of pregnancy with the subsequent development of fetal growth retardation syndrome in 14.29% in the first trimester and in 12.5% ​​in in the third trimester of pregnancy, intrauterine infection of the fetus in 25%. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the third trimester of pregnancy led to a decrease in fetal growth and the birth of children with a weight of 2962.55±56.73 (p<0.05).
Conclusions. The most favorable period for infection with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy is the second trimester (50%), however, a decrease in the hormone-producing function of the placenta is observed during infection in the first trimester, which leads to the development of fetal growth retardation, however, the weight at birth does not differ from the control group , unlike infection in the third trimester, where there is a significant decrease in fetal growth, the study is important for timely prevention of complications.
ANALYSIS OF REGIONALLY METASTATIC CERVICAL CANCER ACCORDING TO DATA FROM THE SAMARKAND REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Oripova M. , Yunusov I. , Davlatov S.
Published: December 2024

Today, cervical cancer is the most important global medical and social problem.
Purpose of the study. To study the incidence of cervical cancer and analyze the results of treatment of stage III-IV disease in the Samarkand region.
Material and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Samarkand branch of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The collection of research data included analysis of outpatient cards and anamnesis of patients admitted with the diagnosis of regionally metastasized forms of cervical cancer, data of patients with malignant neoplasms and advanced cases of malignant neoplasms - an accounting and reporting form. Interpretation work was carried out by age categories. At the same time, data from histologic and cytologic reports in the control group of cervical cancer stages III - IV, treated between 2020 and 2022, were used and processed.
Results of the study. The reason for the first visit to the gynecologist at the time of diagnosis is mainly pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, bloody discharge from the genital tract on non-menstrual days and after contact, which are signs of advanced disease. The obstetric history revealed that 56 (53.3%) women did not consult a gynecologist at all after their last childbirth, and all patients had one to five medical abortions. Thirty-eight (36.2%) patients of early reproductive age were registered with an endocrinologist with a diagnosis of diffuse goiter. In 46% of the patients the menarche occurred at the age of 12-13 years, in 50% of the patients at the age of 14-16 years, and in 4% at the age of 18-19 years.
Conclusion. The main goal of modern radiotherapy for cervical cancer today is radiation therapy without complications, elimination of relapse, and prolongation of survival. Our research continues in this direction.
PERSONAL EXPERIENCE OF IMPLEMENTING THE ENHANCED RECOVERY AFTER SURGERY (ERAS) SOCIETY RECOMMENDATIONS IN NEONATAL SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
Authors: Vlasov O. , Obolonskyi O. , Kapustina O. , Obolonska O.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents our own experience of implementing the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) International Protocolin neonatal surgical pathology from 2023. The results demonstrate the effi cacy of this approach in the context of the currentsituation, which is characterized by an increased workload in neonatal departments due to the destruction of medical facilities as a consequence of the Russian Federation’s military actions.Aim. To analyze, assess and discuss the experience and details of implementing the ERAS International Protocol in neonatalsurgical pathology.Materials and methods. The objective of this study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of the experience in using the ERAS International Protocol in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with a neonatal mobile team from the CE «Regional Medical Center of Family Health» DRC. A retrospective analysis of the experience of implementing the ERAS International Protocol was conducted in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with a neonatal mobile team from the CE «Regional Medical Center of Family Health» DRC.Results. The article elucidates the principal stages of utilizing the ERAS International Protocol in the care of paediatric patients with surgical pathology in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with the neonatal mobile team of the CE «Regional Medical Center of Family Health» DRC. This hospital has become the second largest children’s hospital in Ukraine, off ering a comprehensive range of medical services. The infl ux of patients has considerably increased the workload on the department, necessitating an optimization of anaesthetic and surgical care provision to newborns.Conclusions. Compliance with the ERAS Protocol allows to reduce hospital length of stay in children as well as signifi cantly bring down the treatment costs of postoperative complications and is expedient for implementation.
ANALYSIS OF THE ASSORTMENT OF COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES REGISTERED ON THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF UKRAINE AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR SOCIO-ECONOMIC AVAILABILITY
Authors: Kalko K. , Bukataru Yu. , Budenkova G. , Savokhina M. , Borisyuk I. , Gerush O. , Kononenko A.
Published: December 2024

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are a group of medications widely used by women of reproductive age worldwide that contain progestin and estrogen or progestin alone. COCs remain one of the most common contraceptive methods used by women of reproductive age, with approximately 151 million users worldwide.
The aim of the work was to research the range of combined oral contraceptives (COC) registered on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine and to assess their socio-economic availability using the example of AKS Pharmacy No. 55 (Odesa, 162/2 Kostandi St.) for the year 2023.
Research materials and methods. Analytical (data from the State Register of Medicinal Products and the search system tabletki.ua) and pharmacoeconomic (estimation of economic availability based on the indicator of adequacy of solvency Ca. s) research methods were used.
Results and discussion. It was established that as of May 15, 2024, 36 trade names (TN) of COC preparations of foreign production were registered in Ukraine. The lion's share of the market is represented by IV generation COCs - 60% of the total assortment. 3rd, 2nd and 1st generation COCs account for 23, 14 and 3% of TN drugs, respectively. The type of composition containing only progestin is represented by 2 TN preparations. It was noted that among 12 TN COC drugs - "Regulon No. 3*21" tablets; "Femoston 1/10 No. 56" tablets and "Rygevidon No. 63" tablets belong to the middle range (Ca. s. = 6,5-7,5 %). All the other 9 TN COCs belong to the high range (Ca. s. less than 5 %).
Conclusions. The range of combined oral contraceptives registered in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine is completely provided by imported manufacturers, and according to the results of socio-economic availability of COCs it was established that these drugs belong to the category of high and medium availability.
SURFACTANT THERAPY OF RESPIRATORY DISORDERS IN NEWBORNS: What is new? (Literature review)
Authors: Znamenska T. , Vorobiova O.
Published: December 2024

The mainstay of treatment for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants is the maintenance of constant positive airway pressure (CPAP) and the administration of surfactant. Nearly 50 years after the first clinical use of CPAP and 40 years of experience with surfactant administration in preterm infants, the essential questions of defining "who are the preterm infants with respiratory distress who have received CPAP and what is the real benefit of surfactant" remain unanswered. Many years of clinical research and professional discussions suggest the need to introduce surfactant therapy in the era of personalized medicine to improve its effectiveness, as individual patient needs and risk-benefit ratios may vary significantly in individual clinical cases. In an attempt to answer the above question in the context of modern optimal perinatal care, we offer a comprehensive overview of the latest innovations in surfactant therapy and current results of major clinical trials presented at the international scientific conferences - PAS, NPMF and SPIN, which took place in the first half of 2024.
The presented preliminary results of ongoing international clinical trials (SurfON, PLUSS) and the proposed training program for neonatologists (Delphi) emphasize the understanding of the neonatal community of the significance, importance and benefits of surfactant therapy in preterm infants, demonstrating the need to expand the medical indications for surfactant administration, particularly to late preterm infants with RDS.
The latest information on approaches to the treatment of respiratory disorders in late preterm infants, preliminary results of ongoing international clinical trials, will increase the professional awareness of neonatologists, pediatric anesthesiologists in NICUs and perinatal centers, and help to apply the knowledge gained in practice.
CLINLCAL CASE OF MULTICYSTIC DYSPLASIA OF THE LEFT KIDNEY IN A NEWBORN CHILD – SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED REALITIES
Authors: Kiselova M. , Kushnir M. , Dub R.
Published: December 2024

The clinical picture of congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract can vary from isolated renal anomalies to syndromic phenotypes. The modern components of management of congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract, described in the article on the example of a clinical case of congenital polycystic dysplasia of the left kidney, will help to deepen the scientific and applied competencies of doctors who are part of a multidisciplinary team of medical process of this congenital developmental anomaly, as well as parents or persons responsible for the child.
ULTRASOUND AS A SCREENING TOOL FOR FETAL GLAUCOMA: A CLINICAL APPROACH
Authors: Narzullaeva D.
Published: December 2024

The World Health Organization's VISION 2020 initiative has recognised paediatric glaucoma as the third leading cause of significant visual impairment and blindness in children in low- and middle-income countries, accounting for 5% of global childhood blindness. Childhood glaucoma is a critical condition in paediatric ophthalmology, causing damage to the optic nerve and ganglion cells.
The objective of the study was to assess the feasibility of ultrasonography screening in pregnant women for the early identification of probable congenital glaucoma in the fetus.
Material and methods of the study. To achieve this, we conducted a comprehensive ultrasound examination of 500 pregnant women at the Republican Centre for Mother and Child Screening in 2022-2024. The article was prepared on the basis of the results of the planned dissertation research (Registration code B2023.3.DSc/Tib902; due dates: 2022 -2025).
Results: Ultrasound scans of pregnant women provide important information for ophthalmologists. Ultrasound screening of pregnant women, monitoring the orbits and eyeballs of the fetuses, was performed from 20 to 40 weeks of gestation. Of the total, data were analysed for 2 (0.4%) cases of fetal eye pathology in which echographic indicators of glaucoma, known as buphthalmos, were identified. After birth, the suspected diagnosis of congenital glaucoma was confirmed in the children, requiring emergency hospitalisation and surgical intervention. This is particularly important in children with congenital glaucoma to prevent blindness and visual impairment in the future.
Conclusions: This imaging could serve as a cost-effective and safe screening technique that provides important information to ophthalmologists. Comprehensive ultrasound assessment of embryonic ocular structures may provide significant information and identify congenital glaucoma in infants. Accurate diagnosis and verification of congenital glaucoma typically requires more specialised ophthalmological assessment postnatally.
PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS PRONE TO SUICIDE
Authors: Chadyuk Valeriya , Kozan Nataliia
Published: December 2024

Suicidal behavior is one of the most pressing challenges in modern medicine and society. Among all factors, phenotypic characteristics play an important role and can serve as markers of susceptibility to suicide.
The aim of study – to determine the anthropometric characteristics of individuals with suicidal behaviour.
Materials and methods. The object of the study is anthropometric parameters obtained from 209 people, namely: 138 male and 21 female persons aged 18 to 59 years who committed suicide, and 50 persons of the control group (CG) consisting of 25 men and 25 women.
Results. According to the results of the comparative analysis by the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, the values of such anthropometric indicators of female suicide victims as foot length (U=22,000; p=0. 013), head circumference (U=0.500; p=0.000), longitudinal head diameter (U=15.000; p=0.005), transverse head diameter (U=2.000; p=0.000), facial height (U=8.000; p=0. 001), zygomatic diameter (U=2,000; p=0.000), midface width (U=5,000; p=0.001), nose height (U=30,000; p=0.042) are statistically significantly different from those of the CG women. Indicators such as palm length (U=39,000; p=0.099), upper face width (U=38,000; p=0.100) in female suicides differ from those in the CG only at the level of statistical tendency. The results of the corresponding comparative analysis of anthropometric indicators of male suicides showed that arm length (U=130.500; p=0.004), leg length (U=79.000; p=0.000), head circumference (U=124.000; p=0.000), longitudinal head diameter (U=86.000; p=0. 000), transverse head diameter (U=121,500; p=0.004), zygomatic diameter (U=2,000; p=0.000), midface width (U=69,000; p=0.000) and bigonal width (U=54,500; p=0.000) are statistically significantly different from those of CG men. Such indicators as facial height (U=177,500; p=0.085) and nose height (U=168,000; p=0.054) in male suicides differ from those in the control group only at the level of statistical tendency.
Conclusions. Thus, the study found that there are statistically significant differences between the phenotypic (in this case, anthropometric) characteristics of individuals with suicidal tendencies and those in the control group. Moreover, this dependence exists at the level of gender groups.
DIAGNOSTICS OF THE DEGREE OF BLOOD LOSS BY THE METHOD OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF MAPS OF OPTICAL ACTIVITY OF THE POLYCRYSTALLINE COMPONENT OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUES AND FLUIDS
Authors: Shylan Kyrylo
Published: December 2024

The research was conducted to create a reliable and accurate approach to determining the volume of blood loss, which will allow forensic experts to increase objectivity and accuracy in establishing the causes and circumstances of death, as well as assessing the degree of traumatic injuries, and will help ensure more reliable examination results in forensic practice.
         The aim of the work is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a method for differential diagnosis of the degree of blood loss in corpses using statistical analysis of optical activity maps of the polycrystalline component of biological tissues and fluids.
         Material and methods. The study material was brain, kidney and blood samples (n=124) from corpses aged 18 to 60 years with a previously known blood loss volume from 0mm3 to 2500mm3. The study was conducted using the method of multiparametric differential Muller matrix tomography, which allows detecting changes in the structure of polycrystalline elements of biological tissues at different degrees of blood loss. Calculation of digital values was performed using a laser polarimeter of a standard scheme, further statistical processing was performed using MS® Excel® 2010™ and Statistica® 7.0 software.
Results. For all studied biological samples, the method demonstrates high sensitivity in the range of blood loss volume from 0 мм³ to 1500 мм³ with an accuracy level of 86%-92%. Within the range of blood loss volume from 2000 мм³ to 2500 мм³ the accuracy of the method decreases to 56%-68%. The maximum level of accuracy is achieved for statistical parameters of kidney samples (SM4↔86%-92%), brain (SM4↔86%-90%) and blood films (SM2↔90%-92%), which characterize the Muller matrix maps of circular birefringence.
Conclusions. Based on the conducted study, the high efficiency of the multiparametric Muller matrix differential tomography method in determining the degree of blood loss within the volume of lost blood ∆V=0mm3÷1500mm3 was established. The obtained results demonstrate that this method allows for an objective assessment of structural changes in biological tissues and fluids caused by blood loss. This makes it a unique tool for objectively determining the volume of blood loss.
DESIRE FOR DEATH: FORENSIC EVALUATION OF A CRIME CASE SUICIDE WITH THE USE OF A PNEUMATIC WEAPON, A SHARP OBJECT AND MEDICINES
Authors: Bartoshyk Nataliia , Bodnar Nataliia
Published: December 2024

Suicide is a fairly common cause of premature death, especially with the use of firearms or air weapons. Currently, in Ukraine, there are pneumatic weapons with a caliber of no more than 4.5 cm in free circulation. This actually enables its free acquisition and use by the population. Fatal injuries from modern pneumatic weapons, although not as often as from firearms, are encountered in the practice of forensic medical experts.
Results. The case demonstrates different approaches to ending life by suicide. Namely, taking drugs for the purpose of suicide, inflicting cut injuries on the upper limbs and causing a gunshot wound to the chest.
Conclusions. The presented case demonstrates that the cause of death was a pneumatic gunshot, bullet, penetrating, blind wound to the chest on the left side with a through injury to the heart, as well as cut injuries of the upper limbs and during forensic toxicological examination of internal organs, "Ibuprofen" was found.
FORENSIC NURSING IN UKRAINE: CHALLENGES, CURRENT STATUS, AND IMPLEMENTATION PROSPECTS
Authors: Voloshinovych Volodymyr , Soroka Oksana , Kotsyubynska Yuliya , Garazdiuk Marta , Khomut Uliana , Fedosenko Nataliia
Published: December 2024

This publication substantiates the need to introduce forensic nursing in Ukraine as a key tool to improve medico-legal assistance for victims of sexual and gender-based violence.
The aim of the study. The study aims to analyze the current state of forensic medical examination in Ukraine, identify major challenges, and justify the necessity of integrating forensic nursing into the national healthcare and judicial systems.
Results. The authors emphasize international standards such as WHO recommendations and the Istanbul Convention, which highlight the importance of providing comprehensive assistance to victims, including medical examination and evidence collection. Significant gaps exist in Ukraine's current forensic medical examination system, including mandatory procedures for reporting to law enforcement, bureaucratic hurdles, and outdated protocols. Introducing forensic nursing could significantly enhance service accessibility for victims of violence, especially during wartime. Forensic nurses would provide a holistic approach by simultaneously delivering medical care and collecting evidence for criminal investigations. Successful integration requires legislative changes, the establishment of a certification system, and educational programs.
Conclusions. Implementing forensic nursing is a crucial step toward ensuring accessible and high-quality medico-legal assistance in Ukraine. This approach aligns with international standards and promotes the protection of victims' rights.
THE INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL ASPHYXIA ON THANATOGENESIS DURING HANGING
Authors: Bilyakov Andrii , Vanchuliak Oleh
Published: December 2024

Hanging as a type of mechanical asphyxia causes not only asphyxia but also affects the blood supply to the brain and locally on the tissues of the neck.
Aim of work: to substantiate the genesis of death due to hanging.
Material and methods: review of scientific publications, analytical.
Results. In thanatogenesis by hanging, a number of components are considered, the contribution of each is unclear. Cerebral circulation disorders when the neck is
compressed by a loop occur much earlier than the consequences of the development of asphyxia, and therefor brain functions are disrupted quite quickly. Lack of oxygen in the blood also affects the function of the heart, since it requires significant energy sources. The presence of ischemia in the body causes necrotic lesions of cardiomyocytes, which manifests itself as a secondary myocardial infarction with the release of biochemical markers of cardiac ischemia into the blood.
Conclusions. Compression of the neck with a loop during hanging involves in thanatogenesis a disorder of blood supply, metabolic disorder and lack of oxygen in the brain, leading to a disorder of its functions and death, including from hemorrhages into the brain substance and membranes.
The development of asphyxia causes the activation of the sympatho-adrenal system, which in total leads to asphyxiation-induced (secondary) myocardial infarction, adding a cardiac component to thanatogenesis.
CAR WEIGHT AS A FUNDAMENTAL CRITERION IN THE WORK OF A FORENSIC EXPERT. A PRACTICAL VIEW
Authors: Zozulia Vitalii
Published: December 2024

Forensic medical examination of injuries in traffic accidents is very important, because these cases remain one of the main causes of mortality among the working-age population. Determining the mechanisms and circumstances of injury, especially in the absence of witnesses or video recording of the accident, requires the use of new methods of analysis. The mass of the vehicle, which directly affects the intensity and nature of the injuries received, is an important but insufficiently studied criterion, justifying the need to improve approaches to forensic medical research in this area.
The aim of the study: to analyze injuries sustained by drivers and passengers as a result of frontal collisions with incomplete overlap in class B vehicles, and to assess the impact of vehicle mass on the spectrum and nature of injuries sustained.
Material and methods. The object of the study was 179 “Acts of forensic medical examination of corpses” and “Expert conclusions” regarding traffic accidents accompanied by injury and death of people. The study used anthropometric, morphometric, photographic, criminalistic and statistical methods of analysis. The description of injuries was carried out in accordance with the Abbreviated Injury Scale standards, taking into account the anatomical areas of injury.
Results. The analysis showed that with the right incomplete overlap, the number of injuries was slightly higher compared to the left. The total number of injuries among drivers was 194 cases, which is more than among passengers — 166 cases. The most common injuries were fractures of the lower extremities, chest, and soft tissue injuries. This confirms the dependence of the nature of injuries on the location of the victims in the car, the direction of the collision, and the mass of the car.
Conclusions. The mass of the vehicle and its class have a significant impact on the spectrum and severity of injuries resulting from traffic accidents. Therefore, the introduction of vehicle mass analysis as a mandatory parameter in forensic medical examinations will contribute to increasing the accuracy of determining injury mechanisms.
NEW MORPHOLOGICAL SIGNS OF PASSENGER CAR DRIVER’ AND PASSENGERS’ BODILY INJURIES IN CASE OF MODERN SAFETY EQUIPMENT USE
Authors: Kryvda Hryhorii , Plevynskys Pavlo , Larson Larysa , Yavorskii Borys , Kryvda Ruslan
Published: December 2024

The article examines the impact of modern automobile safety features on injuries sustained by drivers and passengers during traffic accidents. Cases of injuries were analyzed, and the nature of damages caused by traditional and modern safety systems was studied. It was found that modern safety features significantly reduce the risk of severe injuries, although they can themselves cause bodily harm. The study highlights the prospects for further research into the effects of advanced safety systems, such as active headrests and special pedal bracket mechanisms.
The aim of the study is to increase the efficacy of forensic medical examinations of persons injured as a result of a road accident inside passenger car compartment.
Materials and methods. 247 cases of trauma in the driver’s and passengers’ compartments of cars equipped with modern safety features (without fatal outcomes) were studied based on archival materials of the Odessa Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination for the years 2014-2024. The morphology of bodily injuries in drivers and passengers was analyzed.
Results. In a comparative study of both the traditional and new safety equipment impact on passenger car driver and passengers morphological signs of bodily injuries in a road accident it was found that current means of driver and passengers protection allow to reduce significantly the risk of severe, including fatal, bodily injuries in cases of road accidents. It was proved that safety steering column can cause serious injuries, up to the fractures occurrence. The remaining means of protection do not lead to serious injuries formation; their effect causes bruises, abrasions and superficial wounds formation.
Conclusions. The current means of driver and passengers protection inside the car cabin allow to reduce significantly the risk of serious, including fatal, bodily injuries in cases of road accidents. New means of protection provide both driver and passengers greater safety inside the car cabin from injury. Prospects for furthers researches we suppose are the probable protective influence investigation of a special (breakable) pedal assembly bracket and an active headrest on driver and passenger inside the car in case of a road accident.
Dynamic changes of inflammatory markers in the early stages of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Osikov MV , Efros LA , Zhuravleva LYu , Fedosov AA
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major factors contributing to the development and aggravation of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The accurate and convenient markers for early detection, estimation of progression, and adequate control of CKD therapy in individuals with DM are limited to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria. Given the role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of DM and CKD, the study aimed to assess indicators of inflammation and the correlation of those with GFR in patients with type 1 DM (T1D) and early stage CKD. The study involved healthy individuals (n = 14), patients with T1D showing no signs of CKD (n = 30), as well as patients with T1D and stage 1 CKD (n = 60), stage 2 CKD (n = 38), and stage 3 CKD (n = 31). GFR was calculated using the formula СКD-ЕРI (eGFR); serum levels of IL1β and TNFα, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ceruloplasmin (CP) were determined by enzyme immunoassay; the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte index and the leukocyte intoxication index (LII) were calculated. It has been found that serum concentrations of IL1β, TNFα, CRP, and CP are elevated; LII and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte index are increased. The inflammation and acute phase response severity progresses and reaches its maximum in stage 3b CKD, when the serum concentration of IL1β is increased 2.4-fold (р = 0.042), TNFα concentration by 34% (р = 0.005), CRP concentration 33-fold (р < 0.000), CP concentration by 73% (р = 0.008), LII 8.4-fold (р < 0.000), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte index 5-fold (р = 0.013). The integral kidney function indicator, eGFR, decreases with increasing serum levels of the above indicators. Thus, IL1β, TNFα, CRP, CP, LII, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte index can be considered as affordable and informative indicators for estimation of inflammation, the levels of which increase with progression of early stage CKD in patients with T1D.
Effects of lytic bacteriophages of the families Herelleviridae and Rountreeviridae on the Staphylococcus aureus biofilms
Authors: Abdraimova NK , Shitikov EA , Malakhova MV , Gorodnichev RB , Kornienko MA
Published: December 2024

Staphylococcus aureus causes a broad range of infections and is often characterized by multidrug resistance (MDR). Treatment of staphylococcal infections is further complicated by the ability of bacterium to form biofilms protecting it against antimicrobial agents and the immune system. The use of bacteriophages is one of the promising strategies for combating the bacteria showing MDR and biofilm formation activity. The study aimed to assess the effects of the lytic phages vB_SauM515A1 (genus Kayvirus, family Herelleviridae) and vB_SauP-436A (genus Rosenblumvirus, family Rountreeviridae) on biofilms of the S. aureus clinical strains. The study involved 20 strains of eight sequence types, among which 45% (9/20) belonged to MRSA, and 35% (7/20) showed MDR. All the strains demonstrated the ability to form biofilms, and 65% (13/20) were strong biofilm producers. Genes of the icaADBC operon responsible for synthesis of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin were found in genomes of all samples. The exposure of planktonic bacterial cells to bacteriophages showed that 70% (14/20) of strains were sensitive to phage vB_SauM-515A1 and 50% (10/20) were sensitive to phage vB_SauP-436A. Furthermore, the 24-h treatment of biofilms of sensitive strains with phage vB_SauM-515A1 led to the biofilm biomass increase in 64.3% (9/14) of cases, while phage vB_SauP-436A, on the contrary, significantly reduced the quantity of biofilm in 40% (4/10) of strains. The results obtained highlight the ambiguity of interaction between bacteriophages and S. aureus biofilms and suggest the need for further research aimed at optimizing phage therapy targeting the biofilm-forming strains.