bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nighttime Continuous Contactless Smartphone-Based Cough Monitoring for the Ward: Validation Study
Authors: Barata Filipe , Cleres David , Tinschert Peter , Iris Shih Chen-Hsuan , Rassouli Frank , Boesch Maximilian , Brutsche Martin , Fleisch Elgar
Published: January 2023

Background

Clinical deterioration can go unnoticed in hospital wards for hours. Mobile technologies such as wearables and smartphones enable automated, continuous, noninvasive ward monitoring and allow the detection of subtle changes in vital signs. Cough can be effectively monitored through mobile technologies in the ward, as it is not only a symptom of prevalent respiratory diseases such as asthma, lung cancer, and COVID-19 but also a predictor of acute health deterioration. In past decades, many efforts have been made to develop an automatic cough counting tool. To date, however, there is neither a standardized, sufficiently validated method nor a scalable cough monitor that can be deployed on a consumer-centric device that reports cough counts continuously. These shortcomings limit the tracking of coughing and, consequently, hinder the monitoring of disease progression in prevalent respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and COVID-19 in the ward.

Objective

This exploratory study involved the validation of an automated smartphone-based monitoring system for continuous cough counting in 2 different modes in the ward. Unlike previous studies that focused on evaluating cough detection models on unseen data, the focus of this work is to validate a holistic smartphone-based cough detection system operating in near real time.

Methods

Automated cough counts were measured consistently on devices and on computers and compared with cough and noncough sounds counted manually over 8-hour long nocturnal recordings in 9 patients with pneumonia in the ward. The proposed cough detection system consists primarily of an Android app running on a smartphone that detects coughs and records sounds and secondarily of a backend that continuously receives the cough detection information and displays the hourly cough counts. Cough detection is based on an ensemble convolutional neural network developed and trained on asthmatic cough data.

Results

In this validation study, a total of 72 hours of recordings from 9 participants with pneumonia, 4 of whom were infected with SARS-CoV-2, were analyzed. All the recordings were subjected to manual analysis by 2 blinded raters. The proposed system yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 99% on the device and 82% and 99% on the computer, respectively, for detecting coughs. The mean differences between the automated and human rater cough counts were −1.0 (95% CI −12.3 to 10.2) and −0.9 (95% CI −6.5 to 4.8) coughs per hour within subject for the on-device and on-computer modes, respectively.

Conclusions

The proposed system thus represents a smartphone cough counter that can be used for continuous hourly assessment of cough frequency in the ward.
Financial Appraisal Through Ratio Analysis
Authors: Das Pradip Kumar
Published: January 2023

Steel company in India contributes significantly to the Indian economy. With a powerful chronicle, India has-been a reputed name within the world steel industry. This more signifies the resilience and strength of the Indian steel company against external risk factors. Globalization feeds enough leeway to the company to expand overseas and enrich India with high quality products by implementing state-of-art-technology. Tata Steel Ltd. introduces India on the global fore. The present study contemplates to reveal the financial appraisal of Tata Steel Ltd. by venerable consociation between the feedbacks of balance sheet and profit and loss account. This research paper cannibalizing secondary data fixates on financial appraisal of Tata Steel Ltd. for the years from 2017-2018 to 2021-2022. Results unbosom that the company’s performance is moderately satisfactory but it gravitates to be benigner to investors by wielding funds to other opportunities for decision-making anent investment.
Disabled and Racialized Musicians: Experiences and Epistemologies
Authors: bell adam patrick , Dasent Jason , Tshuma Gift
Published: January 2023

Drawing on DisCrit—disability studies and critical race theory (Annamma, Ferri, and Connor 2013) and Beaudry’s (2020) framework for accounts of disability, we (the authors) examine the lived experiences of Jason and Gift as disabled and racialized musicians. Echoing the DisCrit maxim that ableism and racism are intertwined, we assert that, like disability studies in general, disability research in music education is characterized by unmarked whiteness (Bell 2006, 2011). As a result, disability research in music education has a deep deficit of epistemologies of disabled and racialized people. To address this issue, we adhere to the fourth tenet of DisCrit by centering the perspectives of disabled and racialized people, presenting the experiences of Jason and Gift with music teaching and learning in the form of conversational interviews.
Playing with A Different Beat: The Whitening of American Steelband
Authors: Espie Stephanie R.
Published: January 2023

Although academic discussions of whiteness in music education have been prevalent for over a decade, critical examinations of whiteness in world music education have been disproportionately lacking. One specific world music ensemble that warrants examination is the steelband within American schools. The steelpan was introduced in the United States in the 1940s–1950s, and currently there are over 750 known school steelbands in the US. Many of these school ensembles have unintentionally distanced themselves from West Indian community ensembles and AfroTrinidadian traditions. In this paper, I explore the “whitening” of American steelband through ethnographic research conducted as a participant-observer. Through analysis of fieldnotes, interviews with participants, and current steelband resources, I examine approaches to pedagogy, membership, and performance. The article concludes with implications and recommendations for US-based steelpan ensemble directors and other world music ensemble directors.
Empowering Asian Educators in the Time of Crisis
Authors: Yoon Clara Haneul
Published: January 2023

In this article, I draw from my experience working as a Korean American music teacher in the US. I reflect on what it means to be Asian American and to bring Asian narratives to the forefront. I examine the distinct challenges of social justice in the context of Asians and Asian Americans’ lives—particularly through the lens of the “model minority.” The COVID-19 pandemic has spotlighted Asians and Asian Americans’ lived experiences in ways unlike before. I discuss perceptions of Asians throughout US history and the current representativeness of Asian music in the framework of multicultural education. Grounded in Erving Goffman’s notion of covering, Kenji Yoshino’s extension of this concept (the four axes of covering), and Edward Said’s Orientalism, I make seven recommendations to empower Asians and Asian educators in this time of crisis. The article explores and situates the current challenges of anti-Asian racism, connecting it to aforementioned theories and briefly proposes the concept of 홍익인간 (Hongik-Ingan) to course-correct, support, and acknowledge Asian educators’ multiplicity of identities as allies.
Se hennes öde: Undersökning av en ordlös roman från 1920-talets Tyskland
Authors: Rossholm Elisa
Published: January 2023

During the 1920s and 1930s the wordless novel – stories told in black-and-white wordless woodcuts – was established as a narrative genre. The genre was most popular in Germany, but was as well known in other parts of Europé and in the US. The wordless novel was characterized by the absence of words, the use of woodcut and other relief printing techniques, as well as themes of social critique and serious existential issues. The purpose of the book is to - through the wordless novels of the 1920s and 30s - explain the uniqueness of the wordless narrative and thus the autonomous narrative possibilities of the image. The method of the examination is a close reading of the German artist Otto Nückel's wordless novel Schicksal (Destiny 1926). A comparative material consists of the Czech artist Helena Bochořáková-Dittrichova's wordless novel Z Mého Dětství (From My Childhood, 1929). Wordlessness is studied through the image's characteristics as an intermediary of messages and narratives and through comparisons with other expressions - the silent film, cirkus, expressionist dance and visual art, as well as medieval woodcuts. Narratives – which are usually put together by verbal communication – are in this project a tool for seeing: the image sequences or the image groups that "replace" the words - not as a lack or implied meaning of words, but as a personal visual story.
Exposición y Desensibilización a la Violencia en Jóvenes Mexicanos en Distintos Contextos Sociales
Authors: F. Galán Jiménez Jaime Sebastián , Calderón Mafud José Luis , Sánchez-Armáss Cappello Omar , Guzmán Sescosse Mario
Published: January 2023

El objetivo fue conocer la exposición y desensibilización a la violencia en jóvenes de cinco contextos en distintas instituciones educativas y de readaptación social de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí. Método: se realizó un estudio analítico transversal comparativo de 25 instituciones de educación media superior, ubicados en Zonas Rurales (ZR), en Polígonos de Violencia (PV), Cercanas a Polígonos de Violencia (CPV), en Zonas Alejadas de los Polígonos de Violencia (ZAPV), y en un Centro de Internamiento Juvenil (CIJ) con un total de 1720 participantes; 851 (49.5 %) hombres y 869 (50.5%) mujeres. Resultados: Se encontraron medias significativamente más altas en desensibilización a la violencia en participantes del CIJ, seguidos por participantes de las ZAPV, y al final el ZR. Referente a la exposición a la violencia fue mayor en aquellos provenientes de las ZAPV después en jóvenes del CIJ y finalmente los de ZR. Conclusiones: La desensibilización a la violencia se presenta como consecuencia a la exposición de la violencia y las conductas que atentan contra la seguridad social. Finalmente, se encontró que las actividades artísticas y los padres unidos funcionan como factores de protección contra la desensibilización a la violencia.
Evaluación de Fotografías de Mujeres y Hombres en Función de su Estatus y el de su Obra
Authors: García Gallegos Herson , Acuña Morales Laura , Espinoza García Carolina , Bello Martínez Itzel Araceli
Published: January 2023

Aunque el sexo de una persona debería ser irrelevante para juzgar su competencia, es común que la evaluación se base en un prejuicio de género, que tiende a ser anti-femenino. No obstante, ciertos factores pueden mitigar el prejuicio. El propósito del estudio fue averiguar la manifestación de un prejuicio de género manipulando además del sexo de supuestos fotógrafos, su estatus (profesional o aficionado) y el de su obra (ganadora o participante en un concurso). Los participantes (N = 397 adultos mexicanos, entre 18 y 79 años) juzgaron ocho fotografías abstractas respecto a su creatividad, calidad global e impacto emocional y a la competencia y futuro artístico del fotógrafo. Las mismas fotografías se incluyeron en una de ocho series. En cada serie cada fotografía incluyó una diferente combinación de las tres variables manipuladas. Se encontró un prejuicio antifemenino por parte de los participantes mujeres y hombres cuando tanto el autor como su obra tenían un alto estatus, independientemente del aspecto evaluado. Cuando el estatus del fotógrafo o de la fotografía fue bajo, el prejuicio fue pro-femenino o anti-masculino. Aunque el estatus del fotógrafo y el de la fotografía mitigaron el prejuicio antifemenino, éste persistió cuando una mujer era tan exitosa como un hombre.
Media as mediators in a science-based issue: politics, foreign influence and implications on adoption of Genetically Modified Organisms in food production in Uganda
Authors: Lukanda Ivan Nathanael , Namusoga-Kaale Sara , Claassen George
Published: January 2023

The paper highlights the feedback loop between media, politics, foreign influence and science in relation to the adoption of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in food production in Uganda to demonstrate that socio-cultural considerations are important in the GMO science and technology debates. Based on the science-in-society model, the findings from a content analysis of newspaper articles over a four-year period, supplemented by interviews with scientists, activists from non-governmental organisations, journalists, and Members of Parliament's Science and Technology Committee, the study found that food is a politically thick issue. Both activists and scientists opportunistically use the media, the platforms where the public access and contribute content, to appeal to the politicians to legislate GMOs in their favour, arguing that the activists or the scientists' position is in the `public interest'. Often, such coverage produces a paradox for the public by accelerating uncertainty regarding the science and the products of genetic modification, especially when politicians fail to decide for fear of the political implications of their action as is the case in Uganda.
Mixed Models of Non-Proportional Hazard and Application in The Open Distance Education Students Retention Data
Authors: Ratnaningsih Dewi Juliah , Kurnia Anang , Saefuddin Asep , Mangku I Wayan
Published: January 2023

The problem that arises in the Cox model is that there are more than two types of covariates and the presence of random effects is a non-proportional hazard (NPH). One example of a case that involves many factors is student retention. Low student retention can lead to dropping out of college or failure in completing studies. The purpose of this study is to overcome the problem of NPH caused by the presenceof time-independent covariates, time-dependent covariates, and random effects. The research method uses simulation. Some of the modified models are the stratified Cox model, the extended Cox model, and the frailty model. The developed model is applied to distance education student retention data. The results of the study show that frailty and study programs provide considerable diversity in explaining thetotal diversity of the model. It can be concluded that frailty needs to be considered by UT to improve the quality of services to students. In addition, other covariates that have a significant effect on UT student learning retention modeling are age, domicile, gender, GPA, marital status, employment status, number of credits taken, and number of registered courses.
Retención en Estudiantes con Discapacidad Intelectual de Educación Técnico Profesional
Authors: Chavez Carolina , Tobar Andrés , Vergara Lorena
Published: January 2023

La investigación aborda el fenómeno de la retención, desde el paradigma social de la discapacidad en estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual en un Centro de Formación Técnica. Es de tipo cualitativa y se desarrolla a través de un estudio de caso. El objetivo es relacionar las estrategias de apoyo implementadas en la institución, con la retención de estudiantes en situación de discapacidad. La muestra son seis estudiantes, se levantó infor-mación mediante documentos y entrevistas en profundidad, que fueron analizadas desde el contenido y el análisis categorial. Los resultados señalan que existen diferentes estrategias de acompañamiento y protocolos que favorecen la retención. Además, que las y los estu-diantes en situación de discapacidad valoran positivamente estas estrategias, resaltando las tutorías y el mentoring. La investigación es relevante ya que la retención de estudiantes con discapacidad implica garantizar su derecho a la educación, favorecer su vida independiente y su inclusión en la sociedad.
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas: A Rare and Unexpected Finding
Authors: Carvalho Joana Rita , Vigia Emanuel , Patita Marta , Marques Pedro , Figueiredo António , Vieira Catarina
Published: January 2023

Solid Pseudopapilary Neoplasm (SPN) are rare tumors usually appearing in
young females. Presentations beyond 40 are rare. We describe the case of
a 52 years old patient with persistent abdominal pain diagnosed with an
SPN of the uncinated pancreatic process. The diagnostic between SPN and
neuroendocrine tumor (NET) was challenging.
Targeting stress-induced senescent cells prolongs corneal allograft survival
Authors: Chi Hao , Bai Xiaofei , Zhang TIng , Yin Wenhui , Ma Li , Yu Yaoyao , Zhou Qingjun , Wei Chao , Shi Weiyun
Published: January 2023

Background and Purpose: Allograft rejection and corneal endothelial
dysfunction are the two leading causes of corneal transplantation
failure, but the underlying pathogenesis remains largely uncertain.
Experimental Approaches: Using murine orthotopic corneal transplantation
model, we analyzed the cellular senescence of allografts at early stage
after transplantation through senescence-associated β-galactosidase
(SA-β-Gal) staining, real-time PCR and western blot. Genetic approach,
adoptive transfer experiment, primary mouse corneal fibroblasts (MCF)
culture platform, exosome purification, and various experimental
readouts were performed to investigate the pathogenic roles of
transplantation stress-induced senescence in driving corneal allograft
rejection and the underlying mechanism. Key Results: We showed that the
surgery injury evoked corneal senescence-like phenotype at early stage
after age-matched transplantation, characterized by more accumulation of
SA-β-Gal positive cells in corneal endothelium and stroma, and elevated
senescence marker p16INK4a (CDKN2A) and p21 (CDKN1A). Through genetic
approach and adoptive transfer experiment, we revealed that
stress-induced senescence promoted corneal immune rejection.
Mechanistically, stress-induced senescence drove the escalated
alloimmune responses through senescence-associated secretory phenotype
(SASP) and exosomes. Targeting senescent cell using senolytic approach
significantly blocked ocular alloresponse and subsequent immune
rejection. Conclusion and Implications: These findings highlighted
transplantation stress-induced senescence as pathogenic driver for
corneal allograft rejection, further suggesting senolytic therapy as a
novel option against corneal transplantation rejection and perhaps other
organ transplantation rejection.
The effectiveness of primary series CoronaVac vaccine in preventing COVID-19 illness: a prospective cohort study among health workers in Azerbaijan, May–November, 2021
Authors: Katz Mark , Castro Madelyn , Seyidov Nabil , Herdman M. , Mehdiyev Samir , McKnight C. , Guseinova Alina , Cojocaru Radu , Doran Jason , Mühlemann Barbara , Suleymanova Javahir , Pebody Richard , Kissling Esther , Hagverdiyev Gahraman
Published: January 2023

Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) have suffered considerable
morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Few studies have
evaluated Coronavac vaccine effectiveness (VE), particularly in eastern
Europe, where the vaccine has been widely used. Methods We conducted a
prospective cohort study among HCWs in seven hospitals in Baku,
Azerbaijan between May 17 to December 1, 2021, to evaluate primary
series (two-dose) CoronaVac VE against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Participants completed weekly symptom questionnaires, provided nasal
swabs for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing when symptomatic, and provided
serology samples at enrolment that were tested for anti-spike and
anti-nucleocapsid antibodies. We estimated VE as (1 – hazard ratio)*100
using a Cox proportional hazards model with vaccination status as a
time-varying covariate. Results We enrolled 1582 HCWs. At enrolment,
1040 (66%) had received two doses of CoronaVac; 421 (27%) were
unvaccinated. During the study period, 72 PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2
infections occurred; 36/39 (92%) sequenced samples were classified as
delta variant. The adjusted primary series VE against COVID-19 illness
was 29% (95% CI:-51%;67%). For the delta-predominant period,
adjusted primary series VE was 19% (95% CI:-81%;64%). For the entire
analysis period, adjusted primary series VE was 39% (95%
CI:-40%;73%) for HCW vaccinated within 14–149 days, and 19%
(95%CI:-81;63) for those vaccinated ≥150 days. Conclusions During a
delta-predominant period in Azerbaijan, point estimates suggest that
primary series CoronaVac protected nearly 1 in 3 HCWs against COVID-19,
but this finding was not statistically significant. Our findings
underscore the need to consider booster doses in individuals who have
received primary series CoronaVac.
Adherence to the Treatment of Retinoblastoma in the Ivory Coast and the Democratic Republic of Congo: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lukamba Robert , Budiongo Aléine , Monga Ben Bondo , Atteby Jean-Jacques , Bey Pierre , Chenge Gabrielle Borasisi , Desjardins Laurence , Doz Francois , Mwembo Albert Tambwe , Kabesha Théophille Amani , Luboya Oscar Numbi
Published: January 2023

Background: In developed countries, retinoblastoma is curable
in more than 95% of cases, whereas in low-income countries, mortality
remains high, especially when the diagnosis is made late or the
treatment is discontinued. The aim of this work was to determine the
factors associated with adherence to the treatment of retinoblastoma in
the Ivory Coast and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
Procedure: A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Data
were collected from patient folders and follow-up records of parents.
Results: A total of 175 children with retinoblastoma were
registered from January 2013 to December 2015. Seventy-six children
(43%) were 5 years old and above. Care costs were covered by families
in 86.9% of cases. Chemotherapy refusal was recorded in 39 cases
(22.3%), and enucleation refusal was recorded in 79 cases (45.1%).
After 36 months of follow-up, we recorded 16.6% deaths, 27.4%
treatment dropouts, and 18.3% loss to follow-up after treatment. The
commonest cause for enucleation refusal was fear of infirmity, while
chemotherapy refusal and absconding treatment were due to financial
constraints. Conclusion: Poor adherence to retinoblastoma
management was due to financial constraints, and a lack of knowledge of
the disease and its treatment. Family psychosocial support is needed to
improve this condition.
Three-dimensional spheroid formation of adipose-derived stem cells improves the survival of fat transplantation by enhance their therapeutic effect
Authors: He Yucang , Zhang Zikai , Li Zihao , Lin Min , Ding Siqi , Wu Hanwen , Yang Fangfang , Cai Zhongming , Li Tian , Wang Jingping , Ke Chen , Pan Shengsheng , Li Liqun
Published: January 2023

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have important applications in basic
research, especially in fat transplantation. Some studies have found
that three-dimensional (3D) spheroids formed by mesenchymal stem cells
have enhanced therapeutic potential. However, the fundamental basics of
this effect are still being discussed. In this study, ADSCs were
harvested from subcutaneous adipose tissues and 3D spheroids were formed
by the automatic aggregation of ADSCs in a non-adhesive 6-well plate.
Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to simulate the
transplantation microenvironment. We found that 3D culture of ADSCs
triggered cell autophagy. After inhibiting autophagy by Chloroquine, the
rates of apoptosis were increased. When the 3D ADSC-spheroids were
re-planked, the number of senescent ADSCs decreased, and the
proliferation ability was promoted. In addition, there were more
cytokines secreted by 3D ADSC-spheroids including VEGF, IGF-1 and TGF-β.
After adding the conditioned medium with human umbilical vein
endothelial cells (HUVECs), 3D ADSC-spheroids were more likely to
promote migration, and tube formation, stimulating the formation of new
blood vessels. Fat grafting experiments in nude mice also showed that 3D
ADSC-spheroids enhanced survival and neovascularization of fat grafts.
These results suggested that 3D spheroids culturing of ADSCs can
increase the therapeutic potential in fat transplantation.
Cascading of Seasonal and Interannual Variability Between Upper Ocean Processes and the Slope Current in the Cosmonaut Sea off East Antarctica
Authors: Yang Shikai , Zhou Meng
Published: January 2023

The current system in the Cosmonaut Sea off East Antarctica is subjected
to large-scale climate change, which in turn affects the nutrient
availability and productivity of the region. The Copernicus merged
absolute dynamic topography (ADT) data were employed to analyze the
variability of major currents and potential driving mechanisms behind.
The main currents in the Cosmonaut Sea are revealed to be the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current (ACC), the Weddell Gyre Eastern Branch (WGeb) and
the Antarctic Slope Current (ASC); and strong seasonal and interannual
variations are also found associated with these currents. ACC and ASC
both are stronger in autumn and weaker in spring and summer, while the
WGeb expends eastward in winter and retreats in summer. At the
interannual timescale, the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) could reinforce
westerlies during its positive phase, pushing ACC southward and
suppressing westward ASC, and vice versa. Studies on related mechanisms
suggest the crucial role of winds in the barotropic modulation of ocean
dynamics. The westerlies affect the meridional gradient of the sea level
through Ekman transport, inducing the change of barotropic geostrophic
currents. The changing atmospheric and oceanic circulations have
possible influence on the southward Sverdrup transport maintaining the
Antarctic Slope Front (ASF) crucial to the ASC thereafter. The WGeb
might also perform an intermediate role in the southward cascading of
variability from ACC to ASC. This indicates that the response of
regional ocean dynamics to circumpolar atmospheric variations could be
understood from the view of cascading processes.
Machine learning emulator for physics-based prediction of ionospheric response to solar wind variations
Authors: Kataoka Ryuho , Nakano Shinya , Fujita Shigeru
Published: January 2023

Physics-based simulations are important for elucidating the fundamental
mechanisms behind the time-varying complex ionospheric conditions, such
as field-aligned currents (FACs) and plasma convection patterns, against
unprecedented solar wind variations incidents in the Earth’s
magnetosphere. However, to perform a huge parameter survey for
understanding the nonlinear solar wind density dependence of the FAC and
convection patterns, for example, a large-scale cluster computer is not
fast enough to run state-of-the-art global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)
simulations. Here we report the impressive performance of a
machine-learning based surrogate model for the ionospheric outputs of a
global MHD simulation, using the reservoir computing technique called
echo state network (ESN). The trained ESN-based emulator is
exceptionally fast to perform the parameter survey, suggesting a missing
solar wind density dependence of the ionospheric polar cap potential. We
discuss future directions including the promising application for the
space weather forecast.
Direct Observation of Wave-coherent Pressure Work in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Zippel Seth F , Edson James B , Scully Malcolm E. , Keefe Oaklin R
Published: January 2023

Surface waves grow through a mechanism in which atmospheric pressure is
offset in phase from the wavy surface. A pattern of low atmospheric
pressure over upward wave orbital motions and high pressure over
downward wave orbital motions travels with the water wave, leading to a
pumping of kinetic energy from the atmospheric boundary layer into the
waves. This pressure pattern persists above the air/water interface,
modifying the turbulent kinetic energy in the atmospheric wave-affected
boundary layer. Here, we present field measurements of the transfer of
energy from wind to waves through wave-coherent atmospheric pressure
work. Measured pressure work cospectra are consistent with an existing
model for atmospheric pressure work. Measured pressure work energy
fluxes reach 0.1-0.2 W m$^{-2}$ during the largest measured wind
event (winds reaching 16.5 m s$^{-1}$). The implications for
these measurements and their importance to the turbulent kinetic energy
budget are discussed.
Passive remote sensing of the atmospheric boundary layer in Colorado's East River Valley during the seasonal change from snow-free to snow-covered ground
Authors: Adler Bianca , Wilczak James M. , Bianco Laura , Bariteau Ludovic , Cox Christopher , Boer Gijs de , Djalalova Irina V. , Gallagher Michael R , Intrieri Janet , Meyers Tilden , Myers Timothy A , Olson Joseph , Pezoa Sergio , Sedlar Joseph , Smith Elizabeth , Turner David D. , White Allen B.
Published: January 2023

The structure and evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL)
under clear-sky fair weather conditions over mountainous terrain is
dominated by the diurnal cycle of the surface energy balance and thus
strongly depends on surface snow cover. We use data from three passive
ground-based infrared spectrometers deployed in the East River Valley in
Colorado’s Rocky Mountains to investigate the response of the thermal
ABL structure to changes in surface energy balance during the seasonal
transition from snow-free to snow-covered ground. Temperature profiles
were retrieved from the infrared radiances using the optimal estimation
physical retrieval TROPoe. A nocturnal surface inversion formed in the
valley during clear-sky days, which was subsequently mixed out during
daytime with the development of a convective boundary layer during
snow-free periods. When the ground was snow covered, a very shallow
convective boundary layer formed, above which the inversion persisted
through the daytime hours. We compare these observations to NOAA’s
operational High-Resolution-Rapid-Refresh (HRRR) model and find large
warm biases on clear-sky days resulting from the model’s inability to
form strong nocturnal inversions and to maintain the stable
stratification in the valley during daytime when there was snow on the
ground. A possible explanation for these model shortcomings is the
influence of the model’s relatively coarse horizontal grid spacing (3
km) and its impact on the model’s ability to represent well-developed
thermally driven flows, specifically nighttime drainage flows.
Finite-volume discretization of the quasi-geostrophic equations with implicit dissipation
Authors: Thiry Louis , Li Long , Roullet Guillaume , Mémin Etienne
Published: January 2023

We present in this work a new discretization of the multi-layer
quasi-geostrophic (QG) model that relies on implicit dissipation rather
than additional explicit dissipation.It is first based on the staggered discretization of the potential
vorticity (PV) and the stream-function in order to solve the PV
advection with a finite volume method.This ensures the exact material conservation of the PV.We compute PV fluxes with a WENO-5 interpolation whose implicit
dissipation replaces the usual explicit (hyper-)viscous dissipation.We propose a new method for solving reversibly the elliptic equation
which is nontrivial with this staggered discretization.The presented discretization does not require the tuning of any
additional parameter, \textit{e.g.} additional
hyper-viscosity.We test the proposed method on a challenging idealized wind-driven
double-gyre configuration at eddy-resolving, eddy-permitting, and
non-eddy-resolving resolutions.In the eddy-permitting and non-eddy-resolving resolutions, our method
produces an eastward jet contrary to usual discretizations without
parametrization.Moreover, our method produces statistics that have a stronger coherence
across resolutions than usual discretizations.We release a very short, concise, and efficient PyTorch implementation
of our method to facilitate future data assimilation or machine-learning
developments upon this new discretization.
Global Variations in the Time Delays Between Polar Ionospheric Heating and the Neutral Density Response
Authors: Weimer Daniel R , Mehta Piyush M , Licata Richard J , Tobiska W. Kent
Published: January 2023

We present results from a study of the time lags between changes in the
energy flow into the polar regions and the response of the thermosphere
to the heating. Measurements of the neutral density from the CHAMP and
GRACE missions are used, along with calculations of the total Poynting
flux entering the poles. During two major geomagnetic storms in 2003
these data show increased densities are first seen on the dayside edge
of the auroral ovals after a surge in the energy input. At lower
latitudes the densities reach their peak values on the dayside earlier
than on the night side. A puzzling response seen in the CHAMP
measurements during the November 2003 storm was that the density at a
fixed location near the “Harang discontinuity’ remained at unusually
low levels during three sequential orbit passes, while elsewhere the
density increased. The entire database of measurements from the CHAMP
and GRACE missions were used to derive maps of the density time lags
across the globe. The maps show a large gradient between short and long
time delays between $60^{\circ}$ and
$30^{\circ}$ geographic latitude. They confirm the
findings from the two storm periods, that near the equator the density
on the dayside responds earlier than on the nightside. The time lags are
longest near 18 – 20 h local time. The time lag maps could be applied
to improve the accuracy of empirical thermosphere models, and developers
of numerical models may find these results useful for comparisons with
their calculations.
Study on seepage characteristics of cross fractures in adjacent and convective flow modes
Authors: Yang Zun-Dong , Liu Zhao , Xie Jing , Tang Rui-Feng , Gu Xiao-Bin
Published: January 2023

The distribution of fractures in the underground rock mass is complex, so it is of great significance to study the parameter characteristics of fracture seepage for geothermal exploitation, land subsidence, and other fields. Based on the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function, several X-shaped fracture models with different roughness are established, and the fracture seepage law under different roughness and inlet pressure is studied. At the same time, the center (cross-region) of the X-shaped fracture is selected as the research object, and the seepage difference characteristics of the cross-region under the two inlet modes of adjacent flow and convective flow are compared and analyzed. The results show that the outlet velocity of fracture fluid is inversely proportional to the fractal dimension and is directly proportional to the inlet pressure.
A new odd entire function of order one arising in the heat problem
Authors: Yang Xiao-Jun , Abdel-Aty Mahmoud , Geng Lu-Lu
Published: January 2023

In this article we suggest a new odd entire function of order one. We discover that it is the solution of the heat equation. We propose a new conjecture that this function has only real zeros. The obtained result gives a connection with the heat problem and number theory.
An even entire function of order one is a special solution for a classical wave equation in one-dimensional space
Authors: Yang Xiao-Jun , Alsolami Abdulrahman , Ali Ahmed
Published: January 2023

In this article we consider an even entire function of order one as the solution of the classical wave equation in one-dimensional space. We suggest a conjecture that this function has only purely real zeros in the entire complex plane. This is given as a new prospective on a nice connection with number theory and wave equation.
Special solutions for the Laplace and diffusion equations associated with the algebraic number field
Authors: Yang Xiao-Jun , Sweilam Nasser , Bayram Mustafa
Published: January 2023

This article is devoted to the even entire functions, which are the exact solutions for the Laplace and diffusion equations. These functions are considered in the algebraic number field. We guess that the functions have purely real zeros in the entire complex plane. These are proposed as new connections with algebraic number theory and mathematical physics.
Comparative incidence of diabetes following hospital admission for COVID-19 and pneumonia: a cohort study
Authors: Holman Naomi , Barron Emma , Young Bob , W. Gregg Edward , KHUNTI KAMLESH , Valabhji Jonathan , Sattar Naveed
Published: January 2023

  

Objective: The incidence of diabetes may be elevated following COVID-19 but it is unclear whether this is specific to SARS-CoV-2 infection, associated with shared risk factors for severe COVID-19 and diabetes and/or a generic risk following illness. 

Research design and methods: People admitted to hospital for COVID-19 and/or pneumonia between 1st April 2020 and 31st August 2020 in England were linked with the National Diabetes Audit to identify incident diabetes post discharge up to 31st March 2021. Comparator cohorts admitted with pneumonia over the same dates in 2017, 2018 and 2019 were followed until 31st March 2018, 31st March 2019 and 31st March 2020 respectively. Poisson regression models were used to calculate adjusted diabetes incidence rates. 

Results: Using the cohort of people discharged from hospital following a diagnosis of COVID-19 without pneumonia in 2020 as the standard population (incidence rate 16.4 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 12.8-20.7), adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity and deprivation gave incidence rates of 19.0 (95% CI 13.8-25.6) and 16.6 (95% CI 13.3-20.4) per 1000 person-years for those admitted for COVID-19 with pneumonia and pneumonia without COVID-19 in 2020. These rates are not significantly different from those found after hospital admission for pneumonia in 2019, 2018 and 2017 (13.7 (95% CI 10.8-17.3), (13.8 (95% CI 10.9-17.4), 14.2 (95% CI 10.9-18.3) per 1000 person-years respectively). 

Conclusions: Our data do not support a clear impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of diabetes compared to risks in several comparators groups including contemporaneously assessed risks in people hospitalised with pneumonia. 
Kualitas Warna Kain Batik dari Kulit Buah dan Buah dengan Variasi Lama Perendaman
Authors: Prasetyo Andika Dwi
Published: January 2023

Pewarna pada kain batik umumnya menggunakan pewarna sintesis, akan tetapi seiring berkembangnya zaman pewarna alami mulai dilirik kembali karena kekhasannya. Pewarna alami dapat berasal dari tumbuhan dan hewan. Kulit buah dan buah adalah bagian pada tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai pewarna alami. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas warna kain batik dari kulit buah dan buah dengan variasi lama perendaman. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dua faktorial yaitu jenis kulit buah dan buah (B) serta variasi lama perendaman (L). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepekatan warna yang dihasilkan dari masing-masing kulit buah dan buah dengan variasi lama perendaman 25 menit dan 35 menit tidak menunjukkan perbedaan dan hasil ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian 40OC pada variasi lama perendaman 25 menit hasil terbaik didapatkan dari kulit buah kopi dan kulit buah manggis dengan nilai tahan luntur 4-5 sedangkan lama perendaman 35 menit hasil terbaik didapatkan dari kulit buah manggis dan sabut kelapa dengan nilai tahan luntur 4-5.
Keragaman Zooplankton di Perairan Sungai Pepe Anak Sungai Bengawan Solo di Jawa Tengah
Authors: Fadilatin Nuha Syaj’in , Roziaty Efri , Pradana Yan Aditya
Published: January 2023

Penelitian keragaman zooplankton di Sungai Pepe telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Februari 2016. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji jenis dan keanekaragaman komunitas zooplankton di perairan Sungai Pepe. Penelitian ini bersifat explorative. Teknik yang digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel adalah metode sampling dengan menetapkan dua stasiun penelitian. Stasiun A sebagai bagian hilir Sungai Pepe yang berlokasi di daerah Sangkrah dan stasiun B sebagai bagian hulu Sungai Pepe yang berlokasi di daerah Banjarsari. Hasil identifikasi zooplankton ditemukan sebanyak 12 genus dari 5 divisi utama yakni Ciliophora (2 genus), Rotifera (5 genus), Arthropoda (1 genus), Protozoa (3 genus) dan Platyhelminthes (1 genus). Kelimpahan zooplankton (N) berkisar antara 32sel/liter sampai 40 sel/liter. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) berkisar antara -1,21 sampai – 1,69 yang mengartikan komunitas biota tidak stabil. Indeks kemerataan (E) berkisar antara -0,52 sampai – 0.70 yang mengartikan kemerataan spesies rendah. Indeks dominansi berkisar antara 0,47 sampai 0,27 yang berarti tidak ada spesies yang mendominasi dalam perairan tersebut. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa dibutuhkan perhatian khusus agar komunitas zooplankton di Perairan Sungai Pepe dapat distabilkan dengan mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan.
PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI RANSUM KOMERSIL MENGGUNAKAN TEPUNG DAUN SINGKONG TERFERMENTASI TERHADAP JUMLAH ERITROSIT, KADAR HEMOGLOBIN, DAN KADAR HEMATOKRIT AYAM JOPER UMUR 8 MINGGU
Authors: Rayendra Assasa Falhani Putri , Sutrisna Rudy , Riyanti Riyanti , Suharyati Sri
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan persentase terbaik substitusi ransum komersil menggunakan tepung daun singkong terfermentasi terhadap jumlah eritrosit, kadar haemoglobin, dan kadar hematokrit ayam Joper umur 8 minggu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada 28 Januari – 28 Maret 2022 di Laboratorium Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, Jurusan Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung; Laboratorium Lapang Terpadu, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung; dan Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan, Palembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan, yaitu R0: PAR-L 100%; R1: PAR-L 95% + 5% TDSF; R2: PAR-L 90% + 10% TDSF; R3: PAR-L 85% + 15% TDSF; dan R4: PAR-L 80% + 20% TDSF. Peubah yang diamati meliputi jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan kadar hematokrit. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis ragam pada taraf 5%. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan R0, R1, R2, R3, dan R4 tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan kadar hematokrit. Substitusi ransum komersil menggunakan tepung daun singkong terfermentasi 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% dalam ransum berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap jumlah eritrosit (2,15±0,84 —2,6±0,41 x106 mm3), kadar hemoglobin (6,18±0.32—7,15±1,58 g/dL), dan kadar hematokrit (26,75±9,25—32,5±5,80%) ayam Joper umur 8 minggu. Substitusi ransum komersil menggunakan tepung daun singkong terfermentasi 20% menghasilkan jumlah eritrosit (2,6±0,41 x106 mm3), kadar hemoglobin (7,15±1,58 g/dL), dan kadar hematokrit (32,5±5,80%) paling tinggi di antara ketiga perlakuan lainnya.
PENGARUH SUPLEMENTASI KOMBINASI VITAMIN E, ZINK, DAN SELENIUM DALAM AIR MINUM TERHADAP TITER ANTIBODI ND DAN AI PADA AYAM KAMPUNG BETINA
Authors: Amanah Riski , Erwanto Erwanto , Hartono Madi , Santosa Purnama Edy , Tantalo Syahrio
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui titer antibodi ND dan AI pada pemberian kombinasi Vitamin E, Zink, dan Selenium pada ayam kampung betina. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Januari--Maret 2022 di Kandang Laboratorium Lapang Terpadu Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yaitu P0 : air minum tanpa sediaan Vitamin E, Selenium, dan Zink (kontrol); P1 : air minum dengan 0,015 g/kg BB/hari (sediaan vitamin E 0,6 IU, selenium 0,006 mg, dan Zink 2,4 mg); P2 : air minum dengan 0,03 g/kg BB/hari (sediaan vitamin E 1,2 IU, selenium 0,012 mg, dan Zink 4,8 mg); P3 : air minum dengan 0,06 g/kg BB/hari (sediaan vitamin E 2,4 IU, selenium 0,024 mg, dan Zink 9,6 mg). Titer antibodi dianalisis di Laboratorium Medilab PT. Medion Indonesia. Sampel darah di ambil menggunakan disposable syringe melalui vena brachialis sebanyak 3 ml, dan di analisis dengan menggunakan uji Hemaglutination Inhibition. Data yang diperoleh disajikan dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian suplementasi kombinasi Vitamin E, Zink dan Selenium tidak dapat meningkatkan titer antibodi Newcastle Disease dan Avian Influenza pada ayam kampung betina
GAMBARAN TOTAL LEUKOSIT DAN DIFERENSIAL LEUKOSIT AYAM BROILER PADA PEMBERIAN TAPAK LIMAN (Elephantopus Scaber L.)
Authors: Ramadhan Destyan Wachyu , Nova Khaira , Suharyati Sri , Siswanto Siswanto
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan dosis optimum pemberian tapak liman (Elephantopus scaber L.) terhadap total leukosit dan diferensial leukosit broiler. Penelitian dilaksanakan Februari--Maret 2022 di Unit Kandang Jurusan Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung dan analisis darah di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, UGM. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan, setiap satuan percobaan terdiri atas 8 ekor ayam. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu air minum tanpa tapak liman (P0), 120 mg/kg bb/hari tapak liman (P1), 240 mg/kg bb/hari tapak liman (P2), 480 mg/kg bb/hari tapak liman (P3). Peubah yang diamati total leukosit dan diferensial leukosit. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam taraf 5% dan uji polynomial orthogonal. Hasil penelitian pemberian tapak liman sampai dosis 480 mg tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap total leukosit dan diferensial leukosit broiler. Uji polynomial orthogonal didapatkan Leukosit berpengaruh secara kubik dengan Ŷ = –0,00000002475 X3+0,00001721 X2–0,002 X+4,237 dan R2 = 0,236, neutrofil berpengaruh secara linear dengan Ŷ = 1,049 X+1419,667 dan R2 = 0,007, eosinofil berpengaruh secara kubik dengan Ŷ = -0,00008 X3+0,016 X2+ 13,045 X+351,333 dan R2 = 0,433, basofil berpengaruh secara kubik dengan Ŷ =-0,00009 X3+0,052 X2–1,738 X+280,000 dan R2 = 0,183, monosit tidak berpengaruh nyata, dan limfosit berpengaruh secara kubik dengan Ŷ = -0,00000002831 X3+0,00001827 X2–0,002 X+3,929 dan R2 = 0,480. Dosis optimum pemberian tapak liman pada total leukosit, eosinofil, basofil, dan limfosit berturut-turut yaitu 378,575 mg, 309,146 mg, 367,574 mg, dan 365,87 mg.
GAMBARAN DARAH (SEL DARAH MERAH, HEMOGLOBIN, DAN PCV) PADA AYAM KAMPUNG JANTAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN KOMBINASI VITAMIN E, SELENIUM, DAN ZINC MELALUI AIR MINUM
Authors: Hardiyanti Cici , Santosa Purnama Edy , Muhtarudin Muhtarudin , Suharyati Sri , Tantalo Syahrio
Published: January 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran darah (sel darah merah, hemoglobin, dan PCV) pada ayam kampung jantan dengan pemberian kombinasi vitamin E, selenium, dan zinc. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari-Maret 2022 di unit kandang Laboratorium Lapang Terpadu, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung. Pemeriksaan sampel darah dilakukan di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Penelitian eksperimental menggunakan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan melalui air minum dengan P0; (kontrol), P1; 0,015 g/kg BB (Vitamin E 0,6 IU, Selenium 0,06 mg, dan Zinc 2,4 mg), P2; 0,03 g/kg BB (Vitamin E 1,2 IU, Selenium 0,012 mg, dan Zinc 4,8 mg), P3; 0,06 g/kg BB (Vitamin E 2,4 IU, Selenium 0,024 mg, dan Zinc 9,6 mg). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kombinasi vitamin E, selenium, dan zinc pada ayam kampung jantan dapat mempertahankan jumlah sel darah merah dalam kisaran normal pada perlakuan P1 dan P2, serta mempertahankan hemoglobin dan PCV berada pada kisaran normal pada semua perlakuan.