bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A simple SCSI bus interface for 8 bit data transfers
Authors: Zammit Ronald E. , Taheri Bahman
Published: October 2013

The simplified use of a small computer system interface (SCSI) bus to perform 8 bit data I/O is described. The technique is valuable for transferring data to and from computers such as the Macintosh, via the use of only one 8 bit set of tri-states and latches.
Gravity in twisted space
Authors: Farrar Kelly A. , Melott Adrian L.
Published: October 2013

Numerical simulations with periodic boundary conditions are widely used in cosmology. These have a multiply connected topology known as a three-torus. Such nontrivial topologies for the actual universe may have arisen in the Big Bang. A two-dimensional numerical model with a twisted topology, sometimes a Klein bottle, is shown as well as the fact that local properties of the model are not dependent on topology.
Algebraic computing and the Newman–Penrose formalism
Authors: Esteban E. P. , Ramos E.
Published: October 2013

The Newman–Penrose equations are solved as an illustrative and pedagogical example of an algebraic computing application. Specifically, a REDUCE program is presented to compute the mathematical objects needed to study the physical and mathematical properties of a given space-time. This paper is directed toward different audiences: first, to readers interested in learning the capabilities and features of a computer algebra system. Also, to users who could benefit by implementing the developed algorithms to their particular research needs. A brief outline of the Newman–Penrose formalism is also given.
A graph theoretic approach to the brachistochrone problem
Authors: Roomany Hamzeh H.
Published: October 2013

The algorithm for finding the shortest path in a graph is applied to the brachistochrone problem of classical mechanics, discretized on a spatial lattice. The results are in agreement with those obtained by variational techniques within the error limits introduced by the lattice. The new approach provides more insight and promises to be more flexible than conventional methods.
A comparison of line integral algorithms
Authors: Mitchell J. Ross , Dickof Peter , Law Alan G.
Published: October 2013

Integrals along lines passing through arrays of integer data are used in many applications. Existing algorithms employ parametric methods and floating point calculations to determine the data values that contribute to the line integrals, along with some form of interpolation to weight these data values. A new, nonparametric integer-arithmetic noninterpolating algorithm (NI0) and an extension using first-order interpolation (NI1) are presented here. These algorithms are compared for accuracy and speed with both Siddon’s [Med. Phys. 12, 252 (1985)] parametric floating point algorithm using no interpolation (PF0) and our extension using first-order interpolation (PF1). NI1 gives line integral values significantly closer to those of PF1 than does PF0 and runs nine times faster on a VAXstation 2000. NI0 gives less accurate line integral values than does PF0 but runs 19 times faster.
For Our Children's Sake, Take Full Advantage of Technology
Authors: Sabelli Nora H.
Published: October 2013

The functions of scholarship are not limited to the production and validation of new knowledge and new theoretical perspectives. As scholars we also have a responsibility to articulate the social and cultural changes that new developments make possible, or even conceivable. These are not predictions, they are options; and we must argue for them on the basis of value choices as well as factual determinations and theoretical interpretation [J. L. Lemke, “Education, Cyberspace, and Change,” The Arachnet Electronic Journal on Virtual Culture 1 (1), March 22, 1993].
No known hominin species matches the expected dental morphology of the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans
Authors: Gómez-Robles Aida , Bermúdez de Castro José María , Arsuaga Juan-Luis , Carbonell Eudald , Polly P. David
Published: October 2013

Significance

The identity of the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans is a controversial issue. This debate has been often addressed by means of descriptive analyses that are difficult to test. Our primary aim is to put questions about human evolution into a testable quantitative framework and to offer an objective means to sort out apparently unsolvable debates about hominin phylogeny. Our paper shows that no known hominin species matches the expected morphology of this common ancestor. Furthermore, we found that European representatives of potential ancestral species have had affinities with Neanderthals for almost 1 My, thus supporting a model of early divergence between Neanderthals and modern humans.
Temporal motifs reveal homophily, gender-specific patterns, and group talk in call sequences
Authors: Kovanen Lauri , Kaski Kimmo , Kertész János , Saramäki Jari
Published: October 2013

Significance

Social ties are more common between individuals with similar traits, a feature known as homophily. Ties are also known to be stronger between individuals with multiple common acquaintances. Both of these two properties constrain the flow of information and ideas in social networks. We study time-dependent communication patterns in a large mobile phone communication dataset and show that both of these two properties are in fact stronger than can be observed in any static snapshot of a communication network. The methods developed to obtain these results can be used more generally to study various time-dependent networks.
Autophosphorylation and Pin1 binding coordinate DNA damage-induced HIPK2 activation and cell death
Authors: Bitomsky Nadja , Conrad Elisa , Moritz Christian , Polonio-Vallon Tilman , Sombroek Dirk , Schultheiss Kathrin , Glas Carolina , Greiner Vera , Herbel Christoph , Mantovani Fiamma , del Sal Giannino , Peri Francesca , Hofmann Thomas G.
Published: October 2013

Significance

Activation of the cell death (apoptosis) program is a major principle of DNA-damaging cancer treatments including ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drug treatment. The protein kinase HIPK2 plays a key role in radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity. Here, we found that HIPK2 autointeracts and autophosphorylates after DNA damage. HIPK2 autophosphorylation is conserved in evolution and regulates its apoptosis-inducing activity by facilitating binding of the isomerase Pin1. Pin1 couples HIPK2 activation to its stabilization and is essential for DNA damage-induced apoptosis in cancer cells and in zebrafish. Our findings identify a mechanism linking HIPK2 activation to its stabilization and highlight a conserved function of HIPK2 and Pin1 in the DNA damage-induced apoptosis response.
Pneumatic oscillator circuits for timing and control of integrated microfluidics
Authors: Duncan Philip N. , Nguyen Transon V. , Hui Elliot E.
Published: October 2013

Significance

Lab-on-a-chip devices aim to miniaturize laboratory procedures on microfluidic chips, which contain liquid circuits instead of electronics. Although the chips themselves are small, they are typically dependent on off-chip control machinery that negates their size advantage. If a computer controller could be built out of microfluidic valves and channels, it could be integrated to create a complete system-on-a-chip. We engineer a critical component for such a computer: a microfluidic clock oscillator with suitable timing accuracy to control diagnostic assays. Further, we leverage this oscillator to build a self-driving pump for on-chip liquid transport. Thus, we demonstrate two critical components for building self-contained lab-on-a-chip devices.
Structural basis for substrate specificity in the
Escherichia coli
maltose transport system
Authors: Oldham Michael L. , Chen Shanshuang , Chen Jue
Published: October 2013

Significance

The
Escherichia coli
maltose transport system selectively imports malto-oligosaccharides into the cell as nutrients. Here we show that the substrate specificity is conveyed by both the periplasmic binding protein MBP and the ATP-binding cassette transporter MalFGK
2
, through crystal structures of MBP-MalFGK
2
captured in two different conformational states. These structures show that the periplasmic binding site (formed by MBP and MalG) interacts with only four glucosyl units from the reducing end of the polymer, and that the transmembrane-binding site (in MalFGK
2
) binds only three glucosyl units from the opposite, nonreducing end. The structures essentially lead us to a single concept: that transport selectivity can be explained through the polarity of substrate binding to the two-component (MBP + transporter) system.
Therapeutic potential of proteasome inhibitors in congenital erythropoietic porphyria
Authors: Blouin Jean-Marc , Duchartre Yann , Costet Pierre , Lalanne Magalie , Ged Cécile , Lain Ana , Millet Oscar , de Verneuil Hubert , Richard Emmanuel
Published: October 2013

Significance

The genetic disease congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) results from the accumulation of toxic porphyrins owing to an enzymatic uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROS) defect. We have already shown that the UROS
C73R
and UROS
P248Q
mutants, usually associated with a severe phenotype, conserve partial intrinsic enzymatic activity but suffer from kinetic instability and premature degradation by the proteasome pathway. We now demonstrate that treatment with a clinically approved proteasome inhibitor could rescue UROS mutant expression in human erythroid cells and reverse the skin photosensitivity in homozygous
Uros
P248Q
CEP mice. Based on our understanding of the biochemical mechanism of UROS enzymatic deficiency, these innovative results open the way for a pharmacologic treatment of CEP disease as an alternative to bone marrow transplantation.
Protein kinase and ribonuclease domains of IRE1 confer stress tolerance, vegetative growth, and reproductive development in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Deng Yan , Srivastava Renu , Howell Stephen H.
Published: October 2013

Significance

Previous studies showed that the unfolded protein response (UPR) in plants is elicited by environmental stress, but not that it protects plants from stress. This paper demonstrates by blocking both arms of the UPR signaling pathway that the UPR protects plants from stress and supports growth and development. IRE1 is a key component of the UPR signaling pathway and has dual protein kinase (PK) and RNase activities. We showed that both the PK and RNase activities, but not its normal splicing target, bZIP60 mRNA, are required for root growth and male gametophyte development, while both RNase activity and bZIP60 are required for endoplasmic reticulum stress tolerance.
B-cell malignancies in microRNA Eμ-miR-17∼92 transgenic mice
Authors: Sandhu Sukhinder K. , Fassan Matteo , Volinia Stefano , Lovat Francesca , Balatti Veronica , Pekarsky Yuri , Croce Carlo M.
Published: October 2013

Significance

MicroRNAs (miRs) are 21- to 22-nucleotide-long noncoding RNA molecules, which regulate the expression of several genes. miR dysregulation is associated with several cancers. The MiR-17∼92 cluster is frequently upregulated in malignancies such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and lung cancer. To study the role of miR-17∼92 in B-cell malignancies, we developed a transgenic mouse model overexpressing this cluster in B cells. The transgenic mice developed B-cell lymphomas, and the transcriptome analysis suggested the involvement of PI3K signaling in B lymphocytes, B-cell receptor signaling, GADD45 signaling, and IL-4 signaling pathways in these disorders. Our results provide direct experimental evidence confirming that the miR-17∼92 cluster, which is amplified in human B-cell lymphoma, also is oncogenic when overexpressed in mice.
Gate-tunable carbon nanotube–MoS
2
heterojunction p-n diode
Authors: Jariwala Deep , Sangwan Vinod K. , Wu Chung-Chiang , Prabhumirashi Pradyumna L. , Geier Michael L. , Marks Tobin J. , Lauhon Lincoln J. , Hersam Mark C.
Published: October 2013

Significance

The p-n junction diode is the most ubiquitous and fundamental building block of modern electronics, with far-reaching applications including integrated circuits, detectors, photovoltaics, and lasers. With the recent discovery and study of atomically thin materials, opportunities exist for adding new functionality to the p-n junction diode. Here we demonstrate that a p-n heterojunction diode based on atomically thin MoS
2
and sorted semiconducting carbon nanotubes yields unprecedented gate tunability in both its electrical and optical properties, which is not observed in the case of bulk semiconductor devices. In addition to enabling advanced electronic and optoelectronic technologies, this p-n heterojunction diode provides new insight into charge transport and separation at atomically thin heterointerfaces.
Pupil response as a predictor of blindsight in hemianopia
Authors: Sahraie Arash , Trevethan Ceri T. , MacLeod Mary Joan , Urquhart James , Weiskrantz Lawrence
Published: October 2013

Significance

The paper follows up the suggestion that pupillometry may reveal the presence of residual visual function of which subjects are unaware (blindsight) in the field defects caused by visual cortex lesions. In a group of 19 subjects with hemi-field cortical blindness, the pupil responses in the majority matched the psychophysical findings for the sensitive spatial frequencies, indicating that it is useful to carry out pupillometry in cortical blind fields as a predictor of intact visual psychophysical function for further rehabilitation procedures.
Polarity, cell division, and out-of-equilibrium dynamics control the growth of epithelial structures
Authors: Cerruti Benedetta , Puliafito Alberto , Shewan Annette M. , Yu Wei , Combes Alexander N. , Little Melissa H. , Chianale Federica , Primo Luca , Serini Guido , Mostov Keith E. , Celani Antonio , Gamba Andrea
Published: October 2013

The growth of a well-formed epithelial structure is governed by mechanical constraints, cellular apico-basal polarity, and spatially controlled cell division. Here we compared the predictions of a mathematical model of epithelial growth with the morphological analysis of 3D epithelial structures. In both in vitro cyst models and in developing epithelial structures in vivo, epithelial growth could take place close to or far from mechanical equilibrium, and was determined by the hierarchy of time-scales of cell division, cell–cell rearrangements, and lumen dynamics. Equilibrium properties could be inferred by the analysis of cell–cell contact topologies, and the nonequilibrium phenotype was altered by inhibiting ROCK activity. The occurrence of an aberrant multilumen phenotype was linked to fast nonequilibrium growth, even when geometric control of cell division was correctly enforced. We predicted and verified experimentally that slowing down cell division partially rescued a multilumen phenotype induced by altered polarity. These results improve our understanding of the development of epithelial organs and, ultimately, of carcinogenesis.
FOXO1 promotes wound healing through the up-regulation of TGF-β1 and prevention of oxidative stress
Authors: Ponugoti Bhaskar , Xu Fanxing , Zhang Chenying , Tian Chen , Pacios Sandra , Graves Dana T.
Published: October 2013

Keratinocyte mobilization is a critical aspect of wound re-epithelialization, but the mechanisms that control its precise regulation remain poorly understood. We set out to test the hypothesis that forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) has a negative effect on healing because of its capacity to inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis. Contrary to expectations, FOXO1 is required for keratinocyte transition to a wound-healing phenotype that involves increased migration and up-regulation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and its downstream targets, integrin-α3 and -β6 and MMP-3 and -9. Furthermore, we show that FOXO1 functions in keratinocytes to reduce oxidative stress, which is necessary to maintain cell migration and prevent cell death in a TGF-β1–independent manner. Thus, our studies identify a novel function for FOXO1 in coordinating the response of keratinocytes to wounding through up-regulation of TGF-β1 and other factors needed for keratinocyte migration and protection against oxidative stress, which together promote migration and decrease apoptosis.
Overexpression of TLR7 promotes cell-intrinsic expansion and autoantibody production by transitional T1 B cells
Authors: Giltiay Natalia V. , Chappell Craig P. , Sun Xizhang , Kolhatkar Nikita , Teal Thomas H. , Wiedeman Alice E. , Kim Jinoh , Tanaka Lena , Buechler Matthew B. , Hamerman Jessica A. , Imanishi-Kari Thereza , Clark Edward A. , Elkon Keith B.
Published: October 2013

Toll-like receptor (TLR), a ligand for single-stranded RNA, has been implicated in the development of pathogenic anti-RNA autoantibodies both in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients and in murine models of lupus. It is still unclear, however, where and how TLR7-mediated interactions affect the development of autoreactive B cells. We found that overexpression of TLR7 in transgenic mice (TLR7.1Tg) leads to marked alterations of transitional (T1) B cells, associated with their expansion and proliferation within the splenic red pulp (RP). This phenotype was intrinsic to the T1 subset of B cells and occurred independently of type 1 IFN signals. Overexpression of RNase in TLR7.1Tg mice significantly limited the expansion and proliferation of T1 cells, indicating that endogenous RNA complexes are driving their activation. TLR7.1Tg T1 cells were hyper-responsive to anti-IgM and TLR7 ligand stimulation in vitro and produced high concentrations of class-switched IgG2b and IgG2c, including anti-RNA antibodies. Our results demonstrate that initial TLR7 stimulation of B cells occurs at the T1 stage of differentiation in the splenic RP and suggest that dysregulation of TLR7 expression in T1 cells can result in production of autoantibodies.
Numerical simulations of two-fluid turbulent mixing at large density ratios and applications to the Rayleigh–Taylor instability
Authors: Livescu D.
Published: October 2013

A tentative review is presented of various approaches for numerical simulations of two-fluid gaseous mixtures at high density ratios, as they have been applied to the Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI). Systems exhibiting such RTI behaviour extend from atomistic sizes to scales where the continuum approximation becomes valid. Each level of description can fit into a hierarchy of theoretical models and the governing equations appropriate for each model, with their assumptions, are presented. In particular, because the compressible to incompressible limit of the Navier–Stokes equations is not unique and understanding compressibility effects in the RTI critically depends on having the appropriate basis for comparison, two relevant incompressible limits are presented. One of these limits has not been considered before. Recent results from RTI simulations, spanning the levels of description presented, are reviewed in connection to the material mixing problem. Owing to the computational limitations, most in-depth RTI results have been obtained for the incompressible case. Two such results, concerning the asymmetry of the mixing and small-scale anisotropy anomaly, as well as the possibility of a mixing transition in the RTI, are surveyed. New lines for further investigation are suggested and it is hoped that bringing together such diverse levels of description may provide new ideas and increased motivation for studying such flows.
Direct numerical simulation of turbulent mixing
Authors: Statsenko V. P. , Yanilkin Yu. V. , Zhmaylo V. A.
Published: October 2013

The results of three-dimensional numerical simulations of turbulent flows obtained by various authors are reviewed. The paper considers the turbulent mixing (TM) process caused by the development of the main types of instabilities: those due to gravitation (with either a fixed or an alternating-sign acceleration), shift and shock waves. The problem of a buoyant jet is described as an example of the mixed-type problem. Comparison is made with experimental data on the TM zone width, profiles of density, velocity and turbulent energy and degree of homogeneity.
Clostridium difficile glutamate dehydrogenase is a secreted enzyme that confers resistance to H2O2
Authors: Girinathan Brintha Prasummanna , Braun Sterling E. , Govind Revathi
Published: October 2013

Clostridium difficile produces an NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), which converts l-glutamate into α-ketoglutarate through an irreversible reaction. The enzyme GDH is detected in the stool samples of patients with C. difficile‐associated disease and serves as one of the diagnostic tools to detect C. difficile infection (CDI). We demonstrate here that supernatant fluids of C. difficile cultures contain GDH. To understand the role of GDH in the physiology of C. difficile, an isogenic insertional mutant of gluD was created in strain JIR8094. The mutant failed to produce and secrete GDH as shown by Western blot analysis. Various phenotypic assays were performed to understand the importance of GDH in C. difficile physiology. In TY (tryptose yeast extract) medium, the gluD mutant grew slower than the parent strain. Complementation of the gluD mutant with the functional gluD gene reversed the growth defect in TY medium. The presence of extracellular GDH may have a functional role in the pathogenesis of CDI. In support of this assumption we found higher sensitivity to H2O2 in the gluD mutant as compared to the parent strain. Complementation of the gluD mutant with the functional gluD gene reversed the H2O2 sensitivity.
Propyl 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetate
Authors: Tang Guo-Min , Xu Wei
Published: October 2013

In the title compound, C13H15NO2, the acetate group [C—C(=O)—O] makes a dihedral angle of 62.35 (13)° with the mean plane of the indole ring system [maximum deviation = 0.011 (3) Å]. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming helical chains propagating along [010].
Second monoclinic form of (E)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one
Authors: Arias-Ruiz Saira N. , Romero Nancy , Lobato-García Carlos E. , Gómez-Rivera Abraham , Mendoza Angel
Published: October 2013

The unit-cell dimensions and space group of the second monoclinic polymorph of the title compound, C15H11FO, differ from those of the previously reported form [Jing (2009).Acta Cryst.E65, o2515]. The title compound shows anEconformation of the C=C bond with the 4-fluorophenyl group opposite to the benzoyl group. The torsion angle of between the planes of the 4-fluorophenyl and benzoyl groups is 10.53 (6)°. In the crystal, weak C—H...O and C—H...F interactions form a cross-linked packing motif, building sheets parallel to (-102).
Absolute configuration of (1S,3R,8R)-10-bromomethyl-2,2-dichloro-3,7,7-trimethyltricyclo[6.4.0.01,3]dodec-9-ene
Authors: Bimoussa Abdoullah , Auhmani Aziz , Ait Itto My Youssef , Daran Jean-Claude , Auhmani Abdelwahed
Published: October 2013

The absolute configuration of the title compound, C16H23BrCl2, has been deduced from the chemical pathway and fully confirmed by refinement of the Flack and Hooft parameters. The six-membered ring adopts a half-chair conformation, whereas the seven-membered ring is a twisted chair. The molecular packing within the crystal is stabilized only by van der Waals interactions.
2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl furan-2-carboxylate
Authors: Moreno-Fuquen Rodolfo , Mosquera Fabricio , Kennedy Alan R.
Published: October 2013

In the title carboxylate derivative, C11H5N3O9, the picryl ring forms an angle of 75.79 (7)° with the ester fragment, indicating a near perpendicular disposition. The nitro substituents are variously oriented with respect to the picryl ring [dihedral angles = 3.22 (10), 16.03 (12) and 36.63 (10)°]. In the crystal, molecules form helical chains sustained by C—H...O interactions along [010]. The furanyl residue is disordered, having two coplanar slightly displaced orientations [major component = 0.730 (9)].
2-[(1H-Pyrrol-2-yl)methyl]-1H-pyrrole
Authors: Kim Chong-Hyeak , Jeon Yea-Sel , Lynch Vincent , Sessler Jonathan L. , Hwang Kwang-Jin
Published: October 2013

In the title compound, C9H10N2, the two pyrrole ring planes are twisted by a dihedral angle of 69.07 (16)° and the C—C—C methane angle is 115.1 (2)°. In the crystal, molecules are connected into layers in thebcplane by N—H...π interactions.
Hexakis(dimethyl sulfoxide-κO)zinc(II) polyiodide
Authors: Garzón-Tovar Luis , Duarte-Ruiz Álvaro , Fanwick Phillip E.
Published: October 2013

The title compound, [Zn{(CH3)2SO}6]I4, is a one-dimensional supramolecular polymer along a threefold rotation axis of the space group. It is built up from discrete [Zn{(CH3)2SO}6]2+units connected through non-classical hydrogen bonds to linear I42−polyiodide anions (C—H...I = 3.168 Å). The ZnIIion in the cation has an octahedral coordination geometry, with all six Zn—O bond lengths being equivalent, at 2.111 (4) Å. The linear polyiodide anion contains a neutral I2molecule weakly coordinated to two iodide ions.
1-Acetyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one
Authors: Kitoh Soh-ichi , Feng Yijing , Fujinami Shuhei , Ichitani Masaki , Honda Mitsunori , Kunimoto Ko-Ki
Published: October 2013

In the title compound, C11H9FN2O2S, the 2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one moiety is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.0183 (14) Å. The mean plane of this moiety is approximately coplanar with the attached acetyl group and perpendicular to the benzene ring, making dihedral angles of 9.70 (14) and 86.70 (6)°, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds between the amide NH and acetyl C=O groups, forming aC(6) chain along thea-axis direction.
Methyl 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate
Authors: Shishkina Svitlana V. , Ukrainets Igor V. , Petrushova Lidiya A.
Published: October 2013

There are two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H13NO5S, in both of which the ester substituent is nearly coplanar [C—C—C—O torsion angles = 2.7 (7) and −0.8 (7)°] with the planar fragment of the bicycle due to the formation of a strong O—H...O intramolecular hydrogen bond. The vinyl group at the ring N atom is approximately orthogonal to the heterocyclic mean plane [C—N—C—C torsion angles = 103.1 (6) and 98.2 (5)°]. The refinement was performed on a two-component, non-merohedrally twinned crystal [population ratio = 0.483 (3):0.517 (3).
Sodium selenite pentahydrate, Na2SeO3·5H2O
Authors: Mereiter Kurt
Published: October 2013

In the crystal structure of Na2SeO3·5H2O [disodium selenate(IV) pentahydrate], two Se, two selenite O atoms and one water O atom are located on a mirror plane, and one water O atom is located on a twofold rotation axis. The coordination of one Na+cation is distorted trigonal bipyramidal, formed by three equatorial H2O ligands and two axial selenite O atoms. The other Na+cation has an octahedral coordination by six water molecules. The two independent SeO3groups form almost undistorted trigonal pyramids, with Se—O bond lengths in the range 1.6856 (7)–1.7202 (10) Å and O—Se—O angles in the range 101.98 (3)–103.11 (5)°, and both are μ2-O:O-bonded to a pair of Na+cations. Hydrogen bonds involving all water molecules and selenite O atoms consolidate the crystal packing. Although anhydrous Na2SeO3and Na2TeO3are isotypic, the title compound is surprisingly not isotypic with Na2TeO3·5H2O. In the tellurite hydrate, all Na+cations have an octahedral coordination and the TeO3groups are bonded to Na+onlyviaone of their three O atoms.
Cultural influences on mentoring programs and relationships: a critical review of research
Authors: M. Kent Andrea , Kochan Frances , M. Green Andre
Published: October 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to identify and summarize the primary themes and issues examined in relevant international research dealing with the relationship between culture and mentoring. The focus is on formal mentoring programs for educators in primary and secondary schools and higher education settings.

Design/methodology/approach

– The literature surveyed covered the direct and indirect impacts of culture on mentoring in primary, secondary and higher education settings. Manuscripts were organized around the topics of teacher education, teacher and leader development, and higher education. A thematic synthesis approach was used to summarize the findings.

Findings

– Findings indicated that research on cultural aspects of mentoring in education has focused on three primary themes: cultural aspects of the mentoring relationship; the impact of organizational structures on mentoring programs and relationships; and the manner in which ethnicity and societal beliefs relate to the purposes and structures of mentoring.

Research limitations/implications

– There is a lack of research that deals specifically with the manner in which culture influences mentoring programs and relationships.

Practical implications

– It is vital for those involved in developing mentoring programs and relationships to be culturally aware of and sensitive to cultural dynamics in order to counteract and overcome possible barriers to success.

Originality value

– Fresh insights are offered into the research that has been conducted within these educational settings. Areas and topics are identified where research is lacking and recommendations for future research that would enlighten the field are presented.
Understanding continuance usage of mobile sites
Authors: Zhou Tao
Published: October 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this research is to draw on both perspectives of technological perceptions and flow experience to examine continuance usage of mobile sites.

Design/methodology/approach

– Based on the valid responses collected from a survey questionnaire, structural equation modeling technology was employed to examine the research model.

Findings

– The results indicated that both perspectives of technological perceptions and flow experience have effects on satisfaction, which in turn affects continuance usage. Technological perceptions include system quality and information quality, whereas flow experience includes perceived enjoyment and attention focus. Among them, perceived enjoyment has the largest effect on satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications

– This research is conducted in China, where mobile internet is still in its early stage. Thus, the results need to be generalized to other countries that had developed mobile internet.

Originality/value

– Previous research has focused on the effects of instrumental beliefs such as perceived usefulness on mobile user continuance. However, user behavior may be also affected by intrinsic motivations such as flow. This research tries to fill the gap.
Personal health monitoring: ethical considerations for stakeholders
Authors: Nordgren Anders
Published: October 2013

Purpose

– This paper has three purposes: to identify and discuss values that should be promoted and respected in personal health monitoring, to formulate an ethical checklist that can be used by stakeholders, and to construct an ethical matrix that can be used for identifying values, among those in the ethical checklist, that are particularly important to various stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach

– On the basis of values that empirical studies have found important to various stakeholders in personal health monitoring, the author constructs an ethical checklist and an ethical matrix. The author carries out a brief conceptual analysis and discusses the implications.

Findings

– The ethical checklist consists of three types of values: practical values that a technical product in personal health monitoring must have, quality of life values to be promoted by the development and use of the product, and moral values to be respected in this development and use. To give guidance in practice, the values in the checklist must be interpreted and balanced. The ethical matrix consists of the values in the checklist and a number of stakeholders.

Originality/value

– The overall ambition is to suggest a way of categorizing values that can be useful for stakeholders in personal health monitoring. In order to achieve this, the study takes empirical studies as a starting-point and includes a conceptual analysis. This means that the proposals are founded on practice rather than mere abstract thinking, and this improves its usability.
Prioritizing emotional intelligence training needs using optimal globalization grey relational analysis
Authors: Vivian Tang Hui-Wen , Yin Mu-Shang
Published: October 2013

Purpose

– The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the application of optimal globalization grey relational analysis (GGRA) as a workable decision-making tool to prioritize emotional intelligence (EI) training needs of specific groups of academic leaders.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study involved administrating the emotional skills assessment process to 50 academic leaders in the USA and 50 in Taiwan. Optimal GGRA was utilized to prioritize EI training needs of the two distinct groups of academic leaders.

Findings

– Results of the optimal GGRA suggest that context-specific EI interventions focusing on enhancing weak areas of emotional competency are made possible through optimal globalization grey analysis.

Practical implications

– Optimal GGRA is introduced as a valid decision-making technique for planning effective EI interventions. The results have implications for designing training courses targeting on enhancing weak areas of emotional competency.

Originality/value

– The utility of optimal GGRA as a decision-making tool to prioritizing training needs for the two cultural groups of academic leaders in the study aims at going beyond the narrow psychometric perspectives of measurements on leadership potentials and reaching out to practical approaches to leadership development and training.
Diagnostic diversity: The role of social class in diagnostic experiences of infertility
Authors: Bell Ann V.
Published: October 2013

Research in the area of the sociology of diagnosis has recently expanded. Despite this development, the foundations of the social aspects of diagnoses, including race, class and gender, are relatively unexplored. Understanding such diversity is important, however, as researchers have shown that diagnoses have significant repercussions on the illness experience. This article is an effort to overcome this gap in the literature by examining class diversity in interpretations and understandings of diagnoses. Using the medicalised condition of infertility as a case example of class differences around diagnoses, I conducted 58 in‐depth interviews with infertile women of various class backgrounds in the USA. By comparing the lived experiences of infertility between higher and lower class women, I explore differences in the understanding, interpretation and outcomes of diagnoses, specifically. Furthermore, among lower class women, I examine how they understand infertility outside the medical diagnostic framework. The findings reveal how interpretations and experiences of diagnoses vary depending on an individual's social location. In other words, the study demonstrates that class matters in terms of diagnoses and their understanding.
Effect of Substrate Interferences from High‐Density Polyethylene on Association of Simulated Ignitable Liquid Residues with the Corresponding Liquid
Authors: Prather Kaitlin R. , Towner Suzanne E. , McGuffin Victoria L. , Waddell Smith Ruth
Published: October 2013

The effect of substrate interferences from high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) on the ability to associate an ignitable liquid residue with the corresponding liquid standard, using statistical procedures, is demonstrated. Gasoline, kerosene, and lighter fluid, at three different evaporation levels, were spiked onto HDPE and subsequently burned to generate simulated ignitable liquid residues (ILRs). Samples were extracted using a passive headspace procedure and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The total ion chromatograms were subjected to data pretreatment procedures prior to principal components analysis and Pearson product moment correlation. Using the combination of these statistical procedures, simulated ILRs were successfully associated with the corresponding liquid type, despite the presence of compounds inherent to the HDPE substrate, as well as those resulting from pyrolysis of the substrate.
Overview of: “Moving beyond BAC in DUI: Identifying Who Is at Risk of Recidivating”
Authors: Dugosh Karen L. , Festinger David S. , Marlowe Douglas B.
Published: October 2013

Research Summary

Driving under the influence (DUI) represents a significant threat to public safety in the United States, and a significant proportion of first‐time DUI offenders go on to become repeat offenders. Substantial resources have been expended to identify variables that predict DUI recidivism, but less progress has been made in developing clinically useful tools to predict recidivism accurately. In the current study, we developed a brief empirically based tool containing markers of recidivism risk and treatment need and conducted a small study to examine the ability of items to discriminate between first‐time and repeat DUI offenders. Analyses identified several criminal risk and treatment need variables that discriminated between the two groups; however, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) did not.

Policy Implications

Further validation of these findings and the refinement of the triage tool could provide a practical, evidence‐based means of screening and triaging first‐time DUI offenders and help to inform and refine policy and sentencing guidelines.
Fruitspotting bugs, Amblypelta nitida Stål and A. lutescens lutescens Distant (Hemiptera: Coreidae): a review of the potential for integrated management practices
Authors: Danne Alana W , Llewellyn Richard , Huwer Ruth K , Furlong Michael J
Published: October 2013

Fruitspotting bugs, Amblypelta nitida Stål, and A. lutescens lutescens Distant (Hemiptera: Coreidae), are polyphagous, native Australian pests of a wide range of tropical and subtropical fruit and nut crops. Both species occur predominantly along Australia's eastern coastline, A. nitida from c. 17°S‐35°S and A. l. lutescens from c. 11°S‐27°S, and as such, they are distributed across some of Australia's most important horticultural regions. Adults are cryptic and highly mobile, making population monitoring within affected tree crops difficult. Nymphs and adults inject salivary sucrase into plant tissue while feeding; this causes significant damage to fruiting structures and often renders them unsaleable. Despite their economic importance, many aspects of fruitspotting bug biology and ecology remain understudied; their chemical ecology, host‐plant relationships, movements into, out of and within crops, and interactions with natural enemies are poorly understood. Currently, control of both species relies on applications of synthetic broad‐spectrum insecticides, and the recent withdrawal of endosulfan has resulted in an increased use of more disruptive compounds. This paper reviews current knowledge of fruitspotting bug biology and ecology, and the strategies that are currently employed for control. Importantly, a synthetic lure based on some of the volatile compounds emitted by male A. l. lutescens has recently been developed and incorporated into a prototype trap. The device offers a promising new approach to population monitoring and the development of integrated management strategies for this species. Areas of research critical to the development of sustainable management strategies for fruitspotting bugs include: (1) host‐plant relationships between fruitspotting bugs and their crop and non‐crop host plants; (2) fruitspotting bug dispersal behaviour and movement patterns between and within crops, and between crops and non‐crop vegetation; (3) methods for implementing biological control strategies; (4) utilising pheromone traps for monitoring and capture of fruitspotting bugs; and (5) screening of selective insecticides.
Phase II trial of short‐course radiotherapy followed by delayed surgery for locoregionally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Faria S. , Kopek N. , Hijal T. , Liberman S. , Charlebois P. , Stein B. , Meterissian S. , Meguerditchian A. , Fawaz Z. , Artho G.
Published: October 2013

Aim

A prospective phase II study to investigate the feasibility and the rate of complete pathological response (ypT0) after short‐course radiotherapy (SCRT) followed by surgery at 8 weeks.

Method

Operable patients with localized rectal cancer staged T3‐4N0/+ or T2N+ were eligible and received 25 Gy (in one‐third of patients, the gross tumor volume received a simultaneous integrated boost up to a total of 30 Gy) in five consecutive fractions to the posterior pelvis followed by surgery 8 weeks later. Pathological response and surgical toxicity were assessed in all patients.

Results

Fifty‐two patients (median age 68 years) completed the study. The median distance of the tumour from the anal verge was 6.5 cm. The median interval to surgery was 52 days. Three‐quarters of patients underwent a low anterior resection. All underwent complete surgical resection and 100% had pathological negative margins. Ten per cent had stage ypT0 after radiotherapy. The median length of hospital stay was 8 days. Toxicity was comparable with the rates reported in the literature.

Conclusion

In this study, SCRT followed by delayed surgery was feasible and had acceptable toxicity. All patients underwent complete surgical resection and 100% had negative pathological margins. The rate of ypT0 was 10%.
Neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio as a simple and novel biomarker for prediction of locoregional recurrence after chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus
Authors: Toh E. , Wilson J. , Sebag‐Montefiore D. , Botterill I.
Published: October 2013

Aim

The neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a prognostic marker in several malignancies. This study assessed whether it can be used as a predictor of loco‐regional recurrence after chemoradiotherapy for anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Method

Patients treated with curative intent between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2011 were identified. Pretreatment blood tests and radiological staging were available from multidisciplinary meeting records. The NLR was calculated from pretreatment blood tests. The relationship between the NLR and clinicopathological parameters was analysed. Modified receiver–operating characteristics curves were constructed to determine the cut‐off NLR to dichotomise the data for survival analyses. The measured cut‐off was 4.75.

Results

Ninety‐two patients were identified. Pretreatment T‐stages were T1 (n = 7), T2 (n = 36), T3 (n = 35) and T4 (n = 14) and pretreatment N stages were N0 (n = 62) and N+ disease (n = 30). The NLR was significantly higher in N+ disease (P = 0.014) and in patients who developed recurrence (P = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, the NLR maintained its significance, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.38 (95% CI = 1.195–1.594) (P < 0.0001). An elevated NLR was associated with worse overall (P < 0.0001) and cancer‐specific (P < 0.0001) survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that an elevated NLR was prognostic for overall survival (HR = 6.381, 95% CI = 1.742–23.372, P = 0.005) and for cancer‐specific survival (HR = 10.613, 95% CI = 1.968–57.241, P = 0.006).

Conclusion

Pretreatment NLR may be a simple biomarker for predicting disease recurrence and overall and cancer‐specific survival after potentially curative chemo‐radiotherapy for SCC of the anus.
Cell transplantation in paraplegic patients: the importance of properly assessing the spinal cord morphology
Authors: Vaquero Jesús , Zurita Mercedes
Published: October 2013

Introduction

Cell transplantation in paraplegic patients is beginning, but scarce attention is paid to the morphology of lesions.

Material and Methods

We studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the morphology of the injured spinal cord in 200 patients with chronic and complete paraplegia after spinal cord injury (SCI) at the thoracic level.

Results

When it was possible to undertake a correct study of the lesion, approximately 35% of patients had images showing spinal cord transection or showed fine tracts of tissue that connected both edges of a virtually transected spinal cord. Approximately 30% of patients had significant kyphosis with chronic spinal cord compression, and approximately 5% of cases had extensive spinal cord atrophy. In only approximately 30% of the patients, MRI revealed a centromedullary cavity, which was generally limited to the level of the vertebral fracture, and failed to show any apparent spinal cord transection.

Conclusions

Humans suffering from chronically established paraplegia show a great variability of lesions, which differs from the standardized images of SCI obtained in animal models. When we design clinical trials, our goal should be to achieve a correct selection of patients, and the morphology of the spinal cord must be one of the main factors to consider.
Personality traits, self‐care behaviours and glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II
Authors: Skinner T. C. , Bruce D. G. , Davis T. M. E. , Davis W. A.
Published: October 2013

Aims

To determine whether the personality traits of conscientiousness and agreeableness are associated with self‐care behaviours and glycaemia in Type 2 diabetes.

Methods

The Big Five Inventory personality traits Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Neuroticism and Openness were determined along with a range of other variables in 1313 participants with Type 2 diabetes (mean age 65.8 ± 11.1 years; 52.9% men) undertaking their baseline assessment as part of the community‐based longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted generalized linear modelling was used to determine whether personality was associated with BMI, smoking, self‐monitoring of blood glucose and medication taking. Multivariable regression was used to investigate which traits were independently associated with these self‐care behaviours and HbA1c.

Results

Patients with higher conscientiousness were less likely to be obese or smoke, and more likely to perform self‐monitoring of blood glucose and take their medications (P ≤ 0.019), with similar independent associations in multivariate models (P ≤ 0.024). HbA1c was independently associated with younger age, indigenous ethnicity, higher BMI, longer diabetes duration, diabetes treatment, self‐monitoring of blood glucose (negatively) and less medication taking (P ≤ 0.009), but no personality trait added to the model.

Conclusions

Although there was no independent association between personality traits and HbA1c, the relationship between high conscientiousness and low BMI and beneficial self‐care behaviours suggests an indirect positive effect on glycaemia. Conscientiousness could be augmented by the use of impulse control training as part of diabetes management.