bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Musculoskeletal pain: determination of clinical phenotypes and the rational treatment approach
Authors: Karateev A. E.
Published: August 2019

Personalized treatment is one of the basic principles of modern medicine. When administering a treatment, one should consider individual patient characteristics, comorbidities and, what is most important, the prevailing symptoms, as well as the clinical phenotype of a disease. This is directly related to chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSP), which occurs with underlying most prevalent joint and vertebral disorders. At present, MSP is considered to be an independent clinical syndrome.Predominant mechanisms of MSP pathophysiology allow for determination of its special phenotypes: “inflammatory”, “mechanical”, related to enthesopathy and central sensitization. Treatment strategies for MSP phenotypes should obviously be differentiated and based on a tailored and pathophysiologically sound of medical agents and non-medical measures with different mechanisms of pharmacological effects. Effective treatment of the “inflammatory” phenotype requires the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, topical glucocorticoids, disease modifying anti-inflammatory agents. The “mechanical” phenotype necessitates the correction of biomechanical abnormalities, the use of hyaluronic acid containing agents, whereas the “enthesopathic” phenotype is treated with local therapy. Treatment of the phenotype with central sensitization is performed with agents effective for neuropathic pain (anticonvulsants, anti-depressants).
O estado do conhecimento de pesquisas sobre a história das instituições escolares denominadas patronatos de menores (2000-2018)
Authors: Monteiro Juliana da Silva , Brazil Maria do Carmo
Published: August 2019

O artigo apresenta um mapeamento sobre as pesquisas acadêmicas produzidas no Brasil no campo da História da Educação e História das Instituições Escolares que elegem como objeto de investigação os Patronatos de Menores. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza bibliográfica que tem por objetivo elaborar um Estado do Conhecimento, analisando as principais temáticas, lacunas e tendências exploradas em tais produções no período de 2000 a 2018. Utilizamos como fontes de pesquisa o Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES; a Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD); a Biblioteca Digital da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPED – GT História da Educação); repositórios de Programas de Pós-Graduação stricto sensu em Educação; os acervos digitais dos cinco periódicos nacionais especializados em História da Educação; Anais de Eventos da área e livros. Os referenciais teóricos estão fundamentados nas obras de Gatti Júnior (2007), Magalhães (2004), Nosella e Buffa (2005), Sanfelice (2006), entre outros. Foram analisados um total de 22 produções. Os resultados apontam que, embora as pesquisas no campo da História das Instituições Escolares tenham se solidificado e aumentado significativamente nas últimas décadas, o número de trabalhos acerca dos Patronatos é exíguo; as produções que se debruçam sobre esse objeto versam principalmente sobre o ensino profissionalizante agrícola, a educação rural e a escolarização da infância pobre, enquanto que uma parcela menor demonstra uma tendência crescente em utilizar a cultura escolar como categoria de análise para o estudo dessas instituições.
Validacija slovenske oblike Kaufmanovega vprašalnika ustvarjalnih področij
Authors: Faletič Lina , Avsec Andreja
Published: August 2019

Namen naše raziskave je bil sistematično raziskati merske značilnosti slovenskega prevoda Kaufmanovega vprašalnika ustvarjalnih področij K–DOCS, ki preko samoocenjevanja meri stopnjo ustvarjalnega vedenja na osebnem/medosebnem, študijskem, izvedbenem, tehničnem/znanstvenem in umetniškem področju. Udeleženci (N = 319) so izpolnili omenjeni vprašalnik in Vprašalnik velikih pet BFI–K. Konfirmatorna faktorska analiza vprašalnika K–DOCS je pokazala, da se petfaktorski model dobro prilega podatkom, torej je razvrstitev ustvarjalnega vedenja na pet področij, kot jih je predlagal avtor vprašalnika, ustrezna. Povezanost med petimi področji ustvarjalnosti ter velikimi petimi faktorji osebnosti se je ujemala s pričakovanji, saj se je z vsemi področji ustvarjalnosti, razen s tehničnim/znanstvenim, najbolj povezovala odprtost za izkušnje. Ravno tako so bili rezultati razlik med spoloma skladni s pričakovanji, saj so moški poročali o višji ustvarjalnosti na tehničnem/znanstvenem področju, ženske pa na umetniškem področju. Slovenski prevod Kaufmanovega vprašalnika ustvarjalnih področij se je izkazal kot zanesljiv in konstruktno veljaven inštrument za merjenje posameznikove ocene lastne ustvarjalnosti na petih področjih vsakodnevnega življenja.
Analisis Desain Corrugated Steel Pipe sebagai Konstruksi Gorong-Gorong pada Sistem Drainase PT. Krakatau Posco Cilegon
Authors: Farokha Dwi Ratna Nur
Published: August 2019

Seiring dengan perkembangan jaman dan teknologi, pekerjaan konstruksi tidak hanya mengacu pada biaya murah diawal, namun juga mempertimbangkan kepraktisan pelaksanaan serta kemudahan dalam pemeliharaan menjaga usia guna. Dalam sistem drainase, penggunaan Corrugated Steel Pipe (CSP) sebagai pengganti box culvert cukup efektif dalam mengatasi permasalahan rentang waktu pelaksanaan konstruksi, dan permasalahan terkait maintenance jangka panjangnya. Pada sistem drainase pelaksanaan proyek pembangunan PT. Krakatau Posco di Cilegon – Banten, digunakan CSP sebagai konstruksi gorong – gorong. Berdasarkan data kebutuhan penampang saluran, didapatkan dimensi pipa dari range 0,3 m sampai dengan 2,7 m. Pemeriksaan kekuatan struktur CSP terhadap beban kendaraan yang melalui di atasnya dilakukan dengan analisa perbandingan tegangan ultimate dengan tegangan ijin berdasarkan propertis penampang profil. Dari hasil analisa tersebut didapatkan bahwa ketebalan lapisan tanah urug di atas konstruksi sangat berpengaruh terhadap kekuatan dari konstruksi CSP.Kata kunci: Corrugated steel pipe, drainase, box culvert, soil cover, PT. Krakatau Posco-Cilegon
Efisiensi Pelat Beton dengan Bekisting dan Tulangan Konvensional menjadi Floordeck dan Tulangan Wiremesh
Authors: Afriyono Hari
Published: August 2019

Pelat lantai beton selama ini masih banyak yang dikerjakan secara konvensional, yaitu cara pengerjaan yang masih menggunakan multipleks sebagai bekesting dan besi beton sebagai tulangannya yang dirakit secara manual di tempat. Sistem ini diperharui dengan sistem yang menggunakan pelat baja (floordeck) sebagai bekesting dan wiremesh sebagai tulangan. Artikel ini membahas efesiensi pelat beton yang dihasilkan jika mengganti metode bekisting dan tulangan konvensional dengan floordeck dan wiremesh. Analisa dilakukan dengan menghitung volume masing-masing metode dan kemudian menghitung biayanya. Harga yang digunakan berdasarkan data sekunder dari harga satuan dan penawaran dari pabrik. Hasil analisa ditemukan bahwa volume beton dapat dihemat antara 15% - 25%, tulangan beton lapisan bawah dapat direduksi sampai 100%, sedangkan biaya perancah  dapat dikurangi hingga 1/3 dari keperluan pemakaian dengan cara konvensional.Kata kunci: bekisting, floordeck, wiremesh, efesiensi
NEM INFERNO, NEM PARAÍSO: esfera pública e a construção de um conceito de Amazônia (1930-1937)
Authors: Munaro Luís Francisco
Published: August 2019

A proposta deste artigo é estudar a contribuição literária de um grupo de intelectuais manauaras durante os anos de construção nacional no Governo Provisório e no Governo Constitucional de Getúlio Vargas (1930-1937). Foram selecionados seis nomes que participaram mais ativamente da esfera pública amazônica: Aurélio Pinheiro, Anísio Jobim, Araújo Lima, Carlos Mesquita, Ramayana Chevalier e Arhur Reis, todos homens de imprensa com ativo trânsito nos jornais e produção de livros. Do ponto de vista da análise textual, pretende-se entender como estes autores ponderaram a identidade regional e negociaram a filiação da região no projeto nacional, tratando a Amazônia como um termo relevante do ponto de vista social e político, orientado para o presente e com componente de planejamento futuro. 
 
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Elite intelectual; Amazonia; Esfera Pública; Manaus; Getúlio Vargas.
 
 
ABSTRACT
The proposal of this article is to study the literary and journalistic contribution of a group of Manauara intellectuals during the years of national construction in the Provisional Government and in the Constitutional Government of Getúlio Vargas (1930-1937). Six names that participated more actively in the Amazon public sphere were chosen: Aurélio Pinheiro, Anísio Jobim, Araújo Lima, Carlos Mesquita, Ramayana Chevalier and Arhur Reis, all of them press men with active traffic in the newspapers. From the point of view of the textual analysis, we intend to understand how these authors pondered the regional identity and negotiated the affiliation of the region in the national project, treating the Amazon as a relevant term from the social and political point of view, oriented to the present and with planning component.
 
KEYWORDS: Intellectual Elite; Amazonia; Public Sphere; Manaus; Getulio Vargas.
 
 
RESUMEN
La propuesta de este artículo es estudiar la contribución literaria y periodística de un grupo de intelectuales manauaras durante los años de construcción nacional en el Gobierno Provisional y en el Gobierno Constitucional de Getúlio Vargas (1930-1937). Se seleccionaron seis nombres que participaron más activamente en la esfera pública amazónica: Aurelio Pinheiro, Anísio Jobim, Araújo Lima, Carlos Mesquita, Ramayana Chevalier y Arhur Reis, todos ellos hombres de prensa con activo tránsito en los periódicos. Desde el punto de vista del análisis textual, se pretende entender cómo estos autores ponderaron la identidad regional y negociaron la filiación de la región en el proyecto nacional, tratando a la Amazonia como un término relevante desde el punto de vista social y político, orientado hacia el presente y con componente de planificación futura.
 
PALABRAS CLAVE: Elite intelectual; Amazónia; Esfera Pública; Manaus; Getúlio Vargas.
TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DE INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO COMO RECURSO DE MEDIAÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA
Authors: Zacariotti Marluce Evangelista Carvalho , Sousa José Luis dos Santos
Published: August 2019

A pesquisa buscou diagnosticar a realidade das escolas públicas de Grajaú, Maranhão, quanto ao uso das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TDIC) no ensino de Ciências. O objetivo foi levantar como as TDIC estão sendo utilizadas nas escolas, pelos professores de Ciências. Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, tendo como sujeitos professores de Ciências e alunos. Aplicou-se um questionário para diagnosticar a realidade das escolas quanto ao uso das TDIC. Concluiu-se que a utilização das TDIC no local pesquisado precisa ser mais explorada e que o professor ainda não está preparado para aproveitar as tecnologias como fator de aprimoramento do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem.
 
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Professores; alunos; escola; Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação.
 
 
ABSTRACT
The research sought to diagnose the reality of public schools in Grajaú, Maranhão, regarding the use of digital information and communication technologies (TDIC). The goal was to get to know how the TDICs are being used in schools by the science teachers. A bibliographical and field research was carried out, having as subjects science teachers and students. A questionnaire was applied to diagnose the reality of schools as regards the use of TDICs. It was concluded that the use of TDICs in the researched area needs to be further explored and that the teacher is not yet ready to take advantage of technologies as a factor to improve the teaching and learning process.
KEYWORDS: Teachers; students; school; Digital Information and Communication Technologies.
 
 
RESUMEN
La investigación buscó diagnosticar la realidad de las escuelas públicas de Grajaú, Maranhão, en cuanto al uso de las tecnologías digitales de información y comunicación (TDIC). El objetivo fue conocer como las TDIC están siendo utilizadas en las escuelas, por los profesores de Ciencias. Se realizó una investigación bibliográfica y de campo, teniendo como sujetos profesores de Ciencias y alumnos. Se aplicó un cuestionario para diagnosticar la realidad de las escuelas en cuanto al uso de las TDIC. Se concluyó que la utilización de las TDIC en el local investigado necesita ser más explotada y que el profesor todavía no está preparado para aprovechar las tecnologías como factor de perfeccionamiento del proceso de enseñanza y de aprendizaje.
 
PALABRAS CLAVE: Profesores; alumnos; escuela; Tecnologías Digitales de Información y Comunicación.
OS EFEITOS JURISPRUDENCIAIS DOS DIREITOS FEMINISTAS SOB O NOVO MODELO BRASILEIRO PROCESSUAL CIVIL
Authors: Silva Alice Rocha da , Moita Susana
Published: August 2019

Na tentativa de atender os princípios constitucionais e às crescentes demandas sociais dos movimentos, o modelo jurídico brasileiro tem sido modificado ao tentar equilibrar o valor da lei positivada e da jurisprudência da tese jurídica para dar maior acesso à justiça e segurança jurídica à sociedade. O Movimento Feminista Brasileiro pode ser estudado como espelho dos demais movimentos devido seu sensível crescimento ativo, apesar da pequena resposta estatal à suas demandas. Para verificar se o Movimento Feminista Brasileiro está sendo beneficiado por essas mudanças do modelo jurídico brasileiro, elaboramos uma pesquisa quantitativa da jurisprudência das teses jurídicas dos tribunais superiores por revelarem a situação nacional. A quantidade de teses jurídicas que tratavam dos direitos da mulher e do sistema processual civil de nosso país demonstrou que perante o universo de casos sob o Código de Processo Civil, os que tratam da mulher são ínfimos. Quanto as teses jurídicas que utilizavam dos instrumentos valorativos da jurisprudência, não houve crescimento com a vigência do Novo Código de Processo Civil. Devido a seu pequeno espaço de tempo de funcionamento, é difícil afirmar qualquer conclusão, por isso não podemos admitir que esse resultado possa demonstrar uma tendência negativa à construção de um modelo jurídico brasileiro próprio para responder às demandas sociais e atender aos princípios constitucionais.
ESPECIFICIDADES DO CONCEITO “DEMOCRACIA” EM KELSEN
Authors: Pelegrino da Silva Matheus
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo apresenta o modo como Kelsen elabora e desenvolve sua definição de democracia e as particularidades envolvidas na definição que ele propõe. Esse objetivo é desenvolvido por meio da exposição e análise de textos de Kelsen nos quais são oferecidas considerações sobre a forma democrática de governo. Indica-se que a referência inicial para a análise kelseniana do termo “democracia” esta assentada em certa compreensão da definição de democracia da Grécia Antiga. Por meio dessa análise são destacados dois elementos importantes para o estudo, “povo” e “autonomia política”. Analisa-se então os significados possíveis desses elementos e é indicando que existe certa flexibilidade da atribuição de sentido aos mesmos. Finalmente, como reflexo das observações relativas às particularidades dos termos “povo” e “autonomia política” se esclarece como Kelsen concebe o significado do conceito “democracia”.
Preprint: Crowdsourcing and Analysing Wildlife Tourism Data from Photographs Shared on Social Media
Authors: Walker Obelia , Simpson Greg D. , Teo Albert C. K. , Newsome David
Published: August 2019

The first two decades of the 21st-century have seen the emergence of the modern citizen science movement, increased demand for niche eco and wildlife tourism experiences, and the willingness of people to voluntarily share information and photographs online. To varying extents, the rapid growth of these three phenomena has been driven by the availability of portable smart devices, access to the Web 2.0 internet from almost anywhere on the planet, and the development of applications and services, including social media/networking sites (SNSs). In addition, the number of peer-reviewed publications that explore how text and images shared on SNSs can be data-mined for academic research has surged in recent years. This systematic quantitative review has two goals. The first goal is to provide an oversight of how the photographs that ecotourists share online are contributing to wildlife tourism research. The second goal is to promote the emerging photovoice technique as a theoretical context for social research based on the photographs and comments that ecotourists share on SNSs. From the perspectives of community benefits, conservation behaviours, and environmental education, there are many similarities between authentic ecotourism experiences and quality ecological citizen science programs. Much of the literature regarding the theory and practice of citizen science reports on the difficulties of attracting, training, motivating and retaining community members. The synthesis of this review is that crowdsourcing wildlife and tourism data from comments and photographs that ecotourists share on SNSs is a credible method of research that provides a self-replenishing pool of citizen scientists.
Preoperative Weight Loss for Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Keeney Benjamin J. , Austin Daniel C. , Jevsevar David S.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Many surgeons require or request weight loss among morbidly obese patients (those with a body mass index [BMI] of ≥40 kg/m2) before undergoing total knee arthroplasty. We sought to determine how much weight reduction was necessary to improve operative time, length of stay, discharge to a facility, and physical function improvement.

Methods:

Using a retrospective review of cohort data that were prospectively collected from 2011 to 2016 at 1 tertiary institution, we identified 203 patients who were morbidly obese at least 90 days before the surgical procedure and had their BMI measured again at the immediate preoperative visit. All heights and weights were clinically measured. We used logistic and linear regression models that adjusted for preoperative age, sex, year of the surgical procedure, bilateral status, physical function (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS]-10 physical component score [PCS]), mental function (PROMIS-10 mental component score [MCS]), and the Charlson Comorbidity Index.

Results:

Of the 203 patients in the study, 41% lost at least 5 pounds (2.27 kg) before the surgical procedure, 29% lost at least 10 pounds (4.54 kg), and 14% lost at least 20 pounds (9.07 kg). Among morbidly obese patients, losing 20 pounds before a total knee arthroplasty was associated with lower adjusted odds of discharge to a facility (odds ratio [OR], 0.28 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09 to 0.94]; p = 0.039), lower odds of extended length of stay of at least 4 days (OR, 0.24 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.88]; p = 0.031), and an absolute shorter length of stay (mean difference, −0.87 day [95% CI, −1.39 to −0.36 days]; p = 0.001). There were no differences in operative time or PCS improvement. Losing 5 or 10 pounds was not associated with differences in any outcome.

Conclusions:

Losing at least 20 pounds before total knee arthroplasty was associated with shorter length of stay and lower odds of facility discharge for morbidly obese patients, even while most patients remained morbidly or severely obese. Although there were no differences in operative time or physical function improvement, this has considerable implications for patient burden and cost reduction. Patients and providers may want to focus on larger preoperative weight loss targets.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The CU PAO: A Minimally Invasive, 2-Incision, Interlocking Periacetabular Osteotomy
Authors: Mei-Dan Omer , Welton K. Linnea , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Young David A. , Raju Sivashanmugam , Garabekyan Tigran
Published: August 2019

Background:

The aims of this study were to describe a novel minimally invasive, interlocking periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for the treatment of hip dysplasia that was developed at our institution and to report on its safety, complications, and early clinical outcomes.

Methods:

This was a prospective longitudinal study of the first 200 consecutive hips that underwent the CU (University of Colorado) PAO, an interlocking osteotomy combining the benefits of the Birmingham interlocking pelvic osteotomy (BIPO) and the Ganz PAO. The technique provides direct visualization of the sciatic nerve during the ischial osteotomy and allows for immediate weight-bearing postoperatively. Demographic characteristics, intraoperative and perioperative parameters, and functional outcomes were documented. All patients underwent hip arthroscopy 3 to 10 days prior to the PAO to address concomitant intra-articular pathology. Mechanical deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis was used for 2 weeks postoperatively. Results were stratified to compare the first 100 and the second 100 cases.

Results:

A total of 161 patients (200 hips) underwent primary PAO; mean follow-up was 20 months (range, 3 to 33 months). The mean patient age at the time of surgery was 29.4 years (range, 13 to 55 years). Females accounted for 89% of the patients included in this study. The average length of stay was 4 days. A concomitant proximal femoral derotational osteotomy was performed in 19 hips. The lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) improved from a mean of 18.8° preoperatively to 31.5° postoperatively (p < 0.001). The mean Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS) improved from 56.0 preoperatively to 89.4 at the 24-month follow-up (p < 0.0001). Paresthesias in the distribution of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve were common (65% at 2 weeks postoperatively) but resolved in 85% of the patients within the first 6 months. There were no sciatic nerve-related complications, deep infections, or DVTs.

Conclusions:

The CU PAO enables corrective realignment of symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with direct visualization of the sciatic nerve, early weight-bearing, cosmetic incisions, and good short-term outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Safety of Hip Arthroscopy within 3 Months of an Intra-Articular Injection
Authors: Byrd J.W. Thomas , Bardowski Elizabeth A. , Civils Ashley N. , Parker Sharon E.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Ultrasound-guided intra-articular hip injections have become a mainstay in the diagnosis and treatment of various hip disorders. Concern arises with regard to the chronological proximity of an injection to subsequent arthroscopy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to report the risk of postoperative infections among patients who have undergone an intra-articular corticosteroid injection within 3 months of hip arthroscopy.

Methods:

In-office, ultrasound-guided, intra-articular hip injections were first performed at this center in 2011. Corticosteroid is used for therapeutic purposes in the presence of painful hip conditions to reduce joint symptoms, either to allow for more effective supervised physical therapy or simply as a last line of nonoperative management. A retrospective review of patient records was performed, identifying all patients who had undergone arthroscopy and had received an intra-articular injection of corticosteroid at this institution within 3 months of the surgical procedure.

Results:

Five hundred patients underwent an ultrasound-guided intra-articular injection of corticosteroid within 3 months of a hip arthroscopy. The mean age was 37.6 years (range, 14 to 74 years), with 112 male patients and 388 female patients. The mean time between the injection and the arthroscopy was 59 days (range, 15 to 92 days). There were no postoperative infections.

Conclusions:

When both the injection and the procedure are performed in a tertiary referral center, an ultrasound-guided intra-articular injection of corticosteroid within 3 months prior to arthroscopy, at a mean time of 59 days, resulted in no postoperative infections among 500 cases and can represent an acceptably low rate of complication. To our knowledge, this is the largest reported series on this subject.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Morphometric and meristic variation in the Atlantic chub mackerel Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 from the Moroccan coast
Authors: Bouzzammit N. , Ouizgani H.El
Published: August 2019

Morphometric and meristic characters were used to study the variability between Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 sampled from five locations in the Moroccan Atlantic coast.  Eighteen morphometric measurements were taken using the image processing program, Image j along with seven meristic characters. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed by Tukey HSD post-hoc test showed significant differences for 14 standard morphometric measurements. In principal component analysis (PCA),PC1 was resolved as general size and PC2 was resolved as shape differences. Discriminant analysis indicated the existence of four morphometric groups of S. colias with minor overlapping, which suggested that there is a self-recruiting population. The proportion of correctly classified Sidi Ifni (SDF) sample to their original group was 96% and showed clear separation from other groups. We concluded that Sidi Ifni samples are morphologically distinct from S. colias of the other four localities which could be attributed to genetic bias or environmental factors.
Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of five Labeo spp. from river Cauvery in India
Authors: Sibina Mol S. , Jaiswar A.K. , Panikkar P. , Behera B.K. , Sanath Kumar H. , Roshith C.M. , Vijaykumar M.E. , Sharma S.K. , Manna R.K. , Das B.K.
Published: August 2019

Length-weight relationship (LWR) of five species of the genus Labeo (Family: Cyprinidae) namely L. rohita (Hamilton,1822), L. calbasu (Hamilton,1822), L. bata (Hamilton,1822), L. dyocheilus (McClelland, 1839) and L. porcellus (Heckel, 1844), based on 214 specimens collected from Cauvery River in Peninsular India, were established. Sampling was carried out from December 2017 to December 2018 at around three months interval. The value of regression coefficient (b) ranged from 2.6147 (L. bata) to 3.2855 (L. dyocheilus). A new maximum length of 41 cm for L. porcellus has been recorded. For L. porcellus, LWR is established for the first time while for other species (except L. rohita); it is estimated for the first time from a peninsular river in India. Relative condition factor estimated for the five fish species did not show large scale variation (1.001 to 1.019).
Epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and incremental medical costs of hospital-acquired infections in the Intensive Care Unit: 2-year experience from Serbia
Authors: Despotovic Aleksa Jovan , Milosevic Branko , Milosevic Ivana , Cirkovic Andja , Jovanovic Snezana D , Stevanovic Goran
Published: August 2019

Background: Hospital-acquired infections are a major complication of hospital treatment. The growing presence of multidrug-resistant pathogens contributes to increased mortality and costs, particularly in intensive care units where patients are predisposed to numerous risk factors. Comprehensive data about hospital-acquired infections from Serbian intensive care units is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of hospital-acquired infections among intensive care unit patients and look into the patterns of antimicrobial resistance, risk factors, and incremental costs of diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment.
Methods: This retrospective study included 355 patients over a two-year period. Etiology, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and incremental costs of diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment were examined. Risk factors for infection acquisition, as well as length of stay, were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis.
Results: At least one hospital-acquired infection was identified in 32.7% of patients. A total of 204 infection episodes were documented, the most common type being urinary tract infections (36.3%). Clostridium difficile , Klebsiella spp. , and Acinetobacter baumanii were the most common isolates. Antimicrobial resistance rates < 20% were observed for linezolid (0%), colistin (9%), and tigecycline (14%). Resistance rates > 50% were seen in all other tested antibiotic agents. Mortality rates were not higher in patients who acquired only one hospital-acquired infection (p=0.09), but were significantly higher for patients in whom more than one episode occurred (p=0.038). Length of stay > 20 days carried a 7.5-fold increase in odds of acquiring an infection (CI 4.4-12.7, p<0.001), whereas length of stay > 30 days carried a 10-fold increase (CI 5.5-16.1, p<0.001). During the study period, over 37,000 EUR was incrementally spent on diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment for hospital-acquired infections.
Conclusion: Our results suggest a high prevalence of hospital-acquired infections and very high antimicrobial resistance rates compared to most European countries. Together with the first published results regarding incremental costs from Serbia, our observations require large-scale prospective follow-up studies in order to obtain a deeper insight into the actual burden of hospital-acquired infections.
Prognostic factors for ARDS: clinical, physiological and atypical immunodeficiency
Authors: Song Min , Liu Yijie , Lu Zhiwen , Luo Hong , Peng Hong , Chen Ping
Published: August 2019

Background: The risk factors affecting the prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults were investigated. The aim was to identify new predictors of prognosis in ARDS patients, including those with clinical, pathophysiological, and atypical immunodeficiency.
Methods: ARDS patients were retrospectively included. Patients were grouped and analysed according to different oxygenation index grades and prognosis, and the factors influencing prognosis and survival were analysed. Adolescent patients, patients with typical immunodeficiency and patients who died within 24 hours after being diagnosed with ARDS were excluded. The predictive value for mortality was determined by Cox proportional hazard analysis.
Results: In total, 201 patients who fulfilled the Berlin definition of ARDS were included. The severity of critical illness on the day of enrolment, as measured by the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (P<0.05), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score ( P<0.05 ), and PaO 2 /FiO 2 (P<0.001), worsened from mild to severe ARDS. Compared with survivors, non-survivors had significantly older age and higher APACHE II and SOFA scores. Moreover, significantly lower lymphocyte/neutrophil ratios and leukocyte counts were found in non-survivors than in survivors (P<0.01, P<0.05). Furthermore, there was a moderate positive correlation between the lymphocyte/neutrophil and PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratios (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for the lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio was significantly greater than those for the body mass index (BMI) alone, PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio alone, and lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio alone for predicting 100-day survival in patients with ARDS (P=0.0062, 0.0001, and 0.0154). Age (per log 10 years), BMI<24, the SOFA score, leukocyte count, and the lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio were independent predictors of 28-day mortality in ARDS patients. Moreover, ARDS patients with a lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio <0.0537 had elevated 28-day mortality (P<0.05). Old age affected both 28-day and 100-day mortality (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Age (per log 10 years), BMI<24, SOFA score, lymphocytes, and the lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio were independent predictors of 100-day mortality in patients with ARDS. The lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio may represent a potential molecular marker to evaluate atypical immunosuppression or impairment in patients with ARDS.
The quality of and women’s satisfaction with maternal referral practices in Sub-Saharan African low and lower-middle income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Njue Carolyne , Tran Nguyen Toan , Dawson Angela
Published: August 2019

Background: Sub-Saharan African Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries (SSA LLMICs have the highest burden of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in the world. Timely and appropriate obstetric referral to a suitable health facility is a sign of effective health system. This paper presents the findings of a systematic review that aimed to identify what referral practices are delivered according to accepted standards for pregnant women and newborns in SSA LLMICs by competent healthcare providers and in line with the need and wishes of women.
Methods: Six electronic databases were systematically searched for primary data studies (2009-2018) in English reporting on maternal referral practices and effectiveness. We conducted a content analysis of data in the findings of each paper guided by a framework for assessing the quality of maternal referral.
Results: Seventeen articles were included in the study. Most studies were quantitative (n=11). Quality maternal referral was defined as occurring as a result of: the timely identification of signal functions, established guidelines or standards, adequate documentation, staff accompaniment and prompt care by competent healthcare providers at the receiving facility. Two studies reported that women were dissatisfied due to delays in referral processes that affected their health. We found lack of accompaniment to upper levels of healthcare, delays in referral processes, transportation challenges and poor documentation of referral cases. Some healthcare providers administered essential drugs such as misoprostol prior to referral.
Conclusions: Efforts to improve maternal health in LLMICs should aim to enhance maternal healthcare providers’ ability to identify signal functions that are integral to referral. Low cost transport is needed to mitigate transportation barriers to referral. To ensure quality maternal referral, mechanisms should be instituted for health managers at the district level to monitor and evaluate referral documentation, quality and efficiency of maternal referrals on regular basis.
Geographically weighted regression modelling of the spatial association between malaria cases and environmental factors in Cameroon.
Authors: Tewara Marlvin Anemey , Yunxia Liu , Lin Weiqiang , Barong Binang Helen , Mbah-Fongkimeh Prisca Ngetemalah , Zhaolei Zheng , Xinhui Liu , Miao Zhou , Liu Xiaojuan , Xue Fuzhong
Published: August 2019

Background: Studies have illustrated the association of malaria cases with environmental factors in Cameroon but limited in addressing how these factors vary in space for timely public health interventions. Thus, we want to find the spatial variability between malaria hotspot cases and environmental predictors using Geographically weighted regression (GWR) spatial modelling technique.
Methods: The global Ordinary least squares(OLS) in the modelling spatial relationships tool in ArcGIS 10.3. was used to select candidate explanatory environmental variables for a properly specified GWR model. The local GWR model used the global OLS candidate variables to examine, predict and explore the spatial variability between environmental factors and malaria hotspot cases generated from Getis-Ord Gi* statistical analysis.
Results: The OLS candidate environmental variable coefficients were statistically significant ( adjusted R 2 = 22.3% and p < 0.01) for a properly specified GWR model. The GWR model identified a strong spatial association between malaria cases and rainfall, vegetation index, population density, and drought episodes in most hotspot areas and a weak correlation with aridity and proximity to water with an overall model performance of 0.243 (adjusted R 2 = 24.3%).
Conclusion: The generated GWR maps suggest that for policymakers to eliminate malaria in Cameroon, there should be the creation of malaria outreach programs and further investigations in areas where the environmental variables showed strong spatial associations with malaria hotspot cases .
Keywords: Geographically weighted regression, Ordinary least squares, malaria, spatial statistics, mapping, Geographical information systems.
Characterization of Gas Injection Flow Patterns Subject to Gravity and Viscous Forces
Authors: Van De Ven Cole J.C. , Mumford Kevin G.
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas

Air was injected into saturated 0.7‐mm sand at 0.1, 10, 100, 250, and 498 mL min−1.

Optical density and gas pressure were used to classify the gas flow pattern.

The gravity drive of highly buoyant gas quickly dominates over viscous forces.

Bo/Ca was used to predict the transition of flow from continuous to discontinuous.

Gas movement in otherwise water‐saturated porous media is complex and is important for a variety of applications. The interplay of gravity, capillary, and viscous forces influences the movement and resulting pattern of gas. To develop a better understanding of this competition among these forces, air injection experiments were performed in an intermediate‐scale, two‐dimensional flow cell at injection rates of 0.1, 10, 100, 250, and 498 mL min−1. The resulting gas patterns were characterized using gas pressure measurements and optical density measurements based on digital images to classify gas flow as continuous, transitional, or discontinuous, and near‐pore‐scale observations of transient gas flow were made to gain insight concerning the influence of gravity, viscous, and capillary forces. These observations highlighted the importance of gravity and viscous forces, along with capillary forces, for gas flow in water‐wet media. Based on these observations, a simplified dimensionless number (the ratio of the Bond and Capillary numbers) was proposed to quantify the interplay of gravity to viscous forces, and its validity for the prediction of the type of gas flow was assessed. This study provides a high spatiotemporal dataset of transient gas movement in homogeneous sand, which can be used to provide insight for multiphase flow modeling efforts and future understanding of gas movement coupled to mass transfer.
Two generations of exsolution lamellae in pyroxene from Asuka 09545: Clues to the thermal evolution of silicates in mesosiderite
Authors: Pittarello Lidia , McKibbin Seann , Yamaguchi Akira , Ji Gang , Schryvers Dominique , Debaille Vinciane , Claeys Philippe
Published: August 2019

Mesosiderite meteorites consist of a mixture of crustal basaltic or gabbroic material and metal. Their formation process is still debated due to their unexpected combination of crust and core materials, possibly derived from the same planetesimal parent body, and lacking an intervening mantle component. Mesosiderites have experienced an extremely slow cooling rate from ca. 550 °C, as recorded in the metal (0.25–0.5 °C/Ma). Here we present a detailed investigation of exsolution features in pyroxene from the Antarctic mesosiderite Asuka (A) 09545. Geothermobarometry calculations, lattice parameters, lamellae orientation, and the presence of clinoenstatite as the host were used in an attempt to constrain the evolution of pyroxene from 1150 to 570 °C and the formation of two generations of exsolution lamellae. After pigeonite crystallization at ca. 1150 °C, the first exsolution process generated the thick augite lamellae along (100) in the temperature interval 1000–900 °C. By further cooling, a second order of exsolution lamellae formed within augite along (001), consisting of monoclinic low-Ca pyroxene, equilibrated in the temperature range 900–800 °C. The last process, occurring in the 600–500 °C temperature range, was likely the inversion of high to low pigeonite in the host crystal, lacking evidence for nucleation of orthopyroxene.

The formation of two generations of exsolution lamellae, as well as of likely metastable pigeonite, suggest non-equilibrium conditions. Cooling was sufficiently slow to allow the formation of the lamellae, their preservation, and the transition from high to low pigeonite. In addition, the preservation of such fine-grained lamellae limits long-lasting, impact reheating to a peak temperature lower than 570 °C. These features, including the presence of monoclinic low-Ca pyroxene as the host, are reported in only a few mesosiderites. This suggests a possibly different origin and thermal history from most mesosiderites and that the crystallography (i.e., space group) of low-Ca pyroxene could be used as parameter to distinguish mesosiderite populations based on their cooling history.
Diffusion of F and Cl in dry rhyodacitic melt
Authors: Feisel Yves , Castro Jonathan M. , Dingwell Donald B.
Published: August 2019

Chemical diffusion of F and Cl has been experimentally determined in a rhyodacitic melt obtained from remelting a sample of Hekla pumice (Iceland). Diffusion couple experiments were conducted in a vertical tube furnace over a temperature range of 750–950 °C and in air for durations of 1 to 35 days. Concentration profiles of F and Cl were obtained for the quenched samples using an electron microprobe.

Fluorine and chlorine exhibit Arrhenian behavior over the range of temperature investigated here. The pre-exponential factors of F and Cl are D0(F) = 4.3 × 10−4 and D0(Cl) = 1.6 × 10−5 m2/s. Fluorine diffusion coefficients vary in the order of 1 × 10−15 to 1 × 10−13 m2/s, whereas Cl diffusivity is up to two orders of magnitude slower. The activation energies for F and Cl diffusivities are equal within error at 223 ± 31 and 229 ± 52 kJ/mol, respectively.

The difference in diffusivity between F and Cl is particularly pronounced in the melt of our study, compared to results obtained for other magmatic melt compositions. This means that the potential for diffusive fractionation exists and may occur especially under conditions of magma ascent and bubble growth, as this would favor partitioning of the relatively fast-diffusing halogens into growing bubbles, due to H2O exsolution. A dependence of diffusivity on atomic radius observed here is enhanced over that observed in more basic, less viscous melts, indicating that diffusive fractionation is more likely to be pronounced in more silicic, more viscous systems. A proper parameterization and modeling of diffusive fractionation of halogens in actively degassing volcanic systems thus holds the potential of serving as a tool for quantifying the processes responsible for volcanic unrest.
El estudio del estado en las Ciencias Políticas
Authors: Córdova Jaimes Edgar
Published: August 2019

El trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar el Estado como objeto de las ciencias políticas y jurídicas, para comprender las tendencias teóricas y epistemológicas involucradas en el desarrollo teórico del mismo; desde las tendencias utilitaristas y funcionalistas hasta llegar a un (re) descubrimiento de la visión weberiana del fenómeno. La metodología empleada se basó en la revisión de las tendencias desde las clásicas hasta aquellas surgidas en medio del furor por el neoinstitucionalismo real (aplicación de las reformas del Estado en América Latina). Concluimos que las concepciones sobre el Estado como actor autónomo, de exclusiva concepción jurídico-institucional e instrumento para la función en tanto procesador de demandas exógenas, así o como objeto exclusivo de la teoría y filosofía ha sido desbordada por la necesidades y urgencias explicativas que las ciencias sociales, y de manera especial a las políticas y jurídicas tienen hoy producto de las realidades políticas, posicionando al Estado en una acción promotora del desarrollo, regulando, concertando y hasta orientando el crecimiento de la economía, generando condiciones para el desarrollo político social, compensando las falencias del modelo económico.
Fundamentos de la responsabilidad penal de adolescentes en la ley 1098 de 2006
Authors: Frías Rubio Carlos Mario
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo describe los fundamentos del sistema de responsabilidad penal de adolescentes en Colombia a partir de la sistematización de las normas constitucionales, internacionales y legales para establecer las características dogmáticas de las estructuras generales y especiales que rigen la declaración de responsabilidad penal de adolescentes. Se parte de los diferentes modelos teóricos de responsabilidad de adolescentes para alcanzar una correcta interpretación de las normas vigentes desde la perspectiva de garantías penales constitucionales.
Kalitatif Olarak Buzul Göllerin Fitoplanktonunun Araştırılması (Tortum, Erzurum)
Authors: FAKIOĞLU Özden , ARSLAN Harun , KÖKTÜRK Mine
Published: August 2019

Bu araĢtırma, Erzurum Ġli Tortum Ġlçesi sınırlarında yer alan 3 buzul gölünde Ağustos 2016 ve Eylül 2016 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüĢtür. Bu göller mevsimlere bağlı olarak yaklaĢık 8-10 ay boyunca buzla kaplıdır. AraĢtırma boyunca, fitoplankton örnekleri 50μ göz açıklığındaki plankton kepçesi ile toplanmıĢtır. Su örnekleri ise her bir göl için farklı noktalardan örnek kapları ile alınmıĢtır. Bu çalıĢmada toplam 57 tür tespit edilmiĢtir. Bacillariophyta’dan 39 tür, Chlorophyta’dan 9 tür, Cryptophyta’dan 2 tür, Cyanobacteria’dan 2 tür, Charophyta’dan 3 tür, Euglenophyta’dan 1 tür ve Ochrophyta’dan 1 tür teĢhis edilmiĢtir. Göllere ait en düĢük ve en yüksek çözünmüĢ oksijen değeri 5,96-9,56 mg L-1, pH 7,93-8,5, su sıcaklığı 6,5-19,5 °C, elektrik iletkenliği 0,030-0,037 mScm-1 olarak ölçülmüĢtür.
Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü Öğrencilerinin DıĢ Mekan Rekreasyon Eğilimleri: Akdeniz Üniversitesi Örneği
Authors: MANSUROĞLU Sibel , DAĞ Veysel
Published: August 2019

Bireylerin fiziksel ve psikolojik sağlıkları ile sosyal iliĢkilerinin geliĢmesi, bireysel ve/veya grup halinde katıldıkları rekreasyon etkinliklerine bağlıdır. Bu çalıĢmada eğitim-öğrenim dönemlerinin belli bir bölümünde rekreasyon ile iliĢkili dersler alan, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü lisans öğrencilerinin dıĢ mekan rekreasyon faaliyetlerine yaklaĢımlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıĢtır. 150 öğrenci ile yapılan anket çalıĢması sonucunda öğrencilerin en fazla katıldıkları etkinliklerin yürümek, bisiklet sürmek ve yüzmek olduğu, rekreasyon etkinliklere katılamama nedenlerinin baĢında ise zaman yetersizliğinin geldiği sonucuna ulaĢılmıĢtır. Elde edilen tüm sonuçlar ıĢığında peyzaj mimarlığı öğrencilerinin rekreasyon eğilimlerinin arttırılması için yapılabilecek bazı öneriler geliĢtirilmiĢtir.
The Effects of Salicylic Acid on The Growth and Some Physiological Properties of Bread Wheat Varieties Under Drought Stress
Authors: ÖZTÜRKCİ Yusuf , ARPALI Diğdem
Published: August 2019

This research was conducted at Department of Field Crops in Faculty of Agriculture in Yüzüncü Yıl University in 2014 , in the growth chamber under controlled conditions in terms of temperature and light, for 5 bread wheat varities (Doğu-88, Altay-2000, Bezostaja1, Alparslan and Tir mixed population line), for two different irrigation levels (using 40% of the field capacity for drought and 60% for control), through the application of two different salicylic acid dosage (0.1 mM kg-1 SA and 1.0 mM kg-1 SA), with four repetitions in 80 pots with 4 kg soil capacity, with respect to randomized experimental design principles. In terms of the investigated characteristics, salicylic acid applications were found to be effective for the Bezostaja1, Doğu-88, Altay-2000 varieties and Tir wheat population line by enhancing their tolerance to drought and exhibited differences with respect to the salicylic acid doses (0.1 mM kg-1 and1.0 mM kg-1). The characteristics, which were adversely affected when compared to the control application under drought conditions, were commonly positively affected by the salicylic acid applications.