bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of esophagitis in children with cerebral palsy - A clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological correlation
Authors: Tiwari Manjari , Bhatnagar Shrish , Thakur Savitri , Tandon Nishi
Published: June 2020

Background: Gastrointestinal disease is frequent in children with severe neurological impairment and developmental disability. Dysphagia may worsen due to concurrent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and non-GERD esophagitis in children. Objective: The aim of our study was to study the spectrum of causes of esophagitis in cerebral palsy (CP) children with feeding difficulty. Methods: Children of CP with feeding difficulties in the age group of 1–18 years were included after written consent. Dysphagia in these childrenwas categorized according to the dysphagia disorder survey (DDS) score. Children who were unfit for endoscopy or having profound dysphagia were excluded from the study. UGI endoscopy and histopathological evaluation of esophagus was done in all the children. Results: Children of CP had a mean DDS score of 4.02±2.50. Endoscopic evidence of esophagitis was seen in 22 children (24.4%). Histological evidence was seen in 15 children; out of them, 11 had GERD-related esophagitis and 2 each had eosinophilic and fungalesophagitis. The mean DDS score and weight significantly improved in children with GERD after they were given specific treatment. Conclusion: Esophagitis whether GERD or non-GERD is an important and treatable cause of dysphagia in children with CP. Effort should be made to recognize and treat these causes for effective nutritional rehabilitation of this subset of children.
Evaluation of predisposing factors, etiology, and clinical manifestations of childhood empyema thoracis at a tertiary care center of Odisha
Authors: Meher Sitanshu Kumar , Mahapatra Sanjay Kumar , Murmu Sapan Kumar , Meher Purnima
Published: June 2020

Background: Empyema thoracis (ET) is a life-threatening disease often encountered in pediatric patients. In spite of all modern sophistication of medical sciences, this disease is chargeable for a high proportion of hospital admission and continues to require an important tool against them. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the age-sex profile, predisposing factors, etiology, seasonal variation, and clinical manifestations of ET in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of pediatrics in Western Odisha. A total of 80 children, aged 0–14 years and diagnosed as ET, were enrolled in the study. After inclusion, a detailed history including demographical data, clinical examinations, and thorough investigations (hematological, biochemical, and radiological) was done as per pro forma prepared for the study. Pleural fluid was collected by thoracocentesis and examined for cultural sensitivity. Results: Most of the cases belonged to the age group of 0–5 years (60%), and male-female ratio was 3:2. Of 80, 50 (72.5%) patients were malnourished. The most common symptoms in all patients were fever (100%) and cough (90%). Intercostal tenderness (100%) was the most common clinical sign. Staphylococcus aureus (60%) was the predominant causative organism. Conclusions: The prognosis of childhood empyema depends on the age, nutritional status of the child, and bacterial agent causing empyema. Earlier diagnosis and adequate treatment of potential predisposing factors favor the good prognosis.
Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its correlation with anthropometric measures and laboratory parameters in overweight and obese children and adolescents
Authors: Ghanghoriya Pawan , Mandraha Shipra , Mishra Chandan Kumar
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease in children and its primary cause is obesity. In addition, children with NAFLD may be at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD in overweight and obese children and to study its correlation with various anthropometric measures and laboratory parameters in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics of a teaching institution of central India. The study included 30 overweight and obese children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years of age. Subjects
A methodological study to develop standard operational protocol for feeding preterm neonates with expressed breast milk
Authors: Kaur Daljeet , Rana Avinash Kaur , Kalyan Geetanjli , Kumar Praveen
Published: June 2020

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the current practices, to identify barriers and facilitators for feeding preterm neonates with expressed breast milk (EBM), and to develop standard operational protocol (SOP) and checklist for feeding preterm neonates with EBM. Materials and Methods: The methodological research design was used in the present study, and it was conducted in a tertiary level neonatal unit, North India. Sample population was nursing staff, preterm neonates, and their mothers, admitted in neonatal unit. To enroll nursing staff and preterm neonates, total enumeration sampling technique was used, whereas purposive sampling technique was used to select mothers of preterm neonates. Research project was carried out in five phases. Results: After assessment of the current practices, focus group discussions were conducted with nursing staff and mothers to know the barriers and facilitators. Findings of discussions were used to develop SOP and checklists. Three Delphi rounds were conducted to finalize the content and calculate content validity index (CVI). After the 3rd round, the CVI was 0.99 for SOP and 1.00 for checklists. Cronbach
Assessment of modifiable risk factors for acute lower Respiratory tract infections in under-five children
Authors: Azad Syed M , Bannerji Rohit , Ray Jaydeb , Mitra Monjori , Mukherjee Anwesha , Biyani Garima
Published: June 2020

Background: Acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) continues to be the biggest killer worldwide of children under 5 years of age. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify and assess the modifiable risk factors for ALRTI in children under 5 years of age. Materials and Methods: This prospective case–control study was conducted in the pediatrics department of a tertiary care pediatric hospital. A sample size of 106 cases and 106 controls were selected. A detailed general and systemic examination (including respiratory and heart rate measurements, anthropometry, and nutritional assessment) along with the routine hematologicalinvestigations and chest X rays was done in both cases and controls. Other specific investigations were done as per requirement in individual cases, and all the cases were treated as per the standard protocol depending on the type of ALRTI. Chi-square-test was used and p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Statistically significant risk factors identified with increased incidence of ALRTI included incomplete immunization for age, low socioeconomic status, families having more than two under-five children at home, family history of moking, respiratory infections, overcrowding, use of biomass as fuel for cooking, lack of ventilation, not having separate kitchen, low birth weight, pre-lacteal feeding, lack of exclusive breastfeeding for 4–6 months, malnutrition, and anemia. Conclusion: The present study identifies various significant risk factors for severe pneumonia in under-five children.
Knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding breastfeeding practices among mothers of Indore city: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghure Upendra , Taran Shachi Jain , Arora Kewal Kishore , Shaw Chandan Kumar
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Breast milk is planned for nursing young ones and therefore considered as nature’s most precious gift to humankind. However, despite strong evidences in support of breastfeeding, its prevalence has remained low worldwide. Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the knowledge, attitude, and perception toward breastfeeding among primigravida mothers and factors determining them. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over 18 months on primigravida mothers admitted in postnatal care ward of tertiary care center of a medical college. Questionnaires were filled by mothers of newborns about various domains such as initiation of feeding, latching, maternal position during breastfeeding, prelacteal, colostrum, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), and feeding at public places. Results: A total of 260 women aged 21–25 years were included in the study. Most of them were the housewives (81.5%), Hindu (95.4%), living in joint family (55.8%), and living in urban area (73.8%). About 90.4% initiated breastfeeding immediately after delivery and mothers have good knowledge on breastfeeding (81.1%). Mothers living in joint family had significantly more knowledge about the EBF and importance of colostrum. The source of their knowledge regarding breastfeeding was mostly medical staff (95.4%). Conclusion: The present study found that mothers had satisfactory knowledge regarding breastfeeding. Proper counseling and all level of support should be given to primigravida mothers, and breastfeeding practices can be increased by strengthening the existing program through media support and by removing social taboo regarding breastfeeding.
Use of central venous access devices and its complications in neonates
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Jain Gitanjali , Gupta Rakesh , Mallick Achinta Kr , Narula Gaurav
Published: June 2020

Background: Intravenous therapy is a major component in the health care and appropriate research-based knowledge is essential to ensure positive patient outcomes. Objective: The objective of the study was to study the use of Central Venous Access Devices (CVADs) and their complications in neonates in routine practice. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on 40 newborns. CVADs were inserted in neonates, who had been anticipated to have intravenous access for >7 days. CVADs used in the study included Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICCs) and umbilical venous catheters. CVADs were inserted under strict aseptic precautions as per international guidelines, and maintenance protocols followed. Monitoring for complications was done daily. Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI) was established by a combination of suggestive clinical signs and blood culture reports as per Centre for Disease Control and prevention definition. Results: Extremely low birth weight neonates contributed 40% of the patients. PICC insertions formed the 85% of the devices used. Basilic vein was the preferred site of the insertion in almost one-half of the patients. 80% of the PICCs in neonates were used to administer total parenteral nutrition. CLABSI was the most common complication occurring at a rate of 7.5/1000 catheter days. Other complications were occlusion, suspected infection, accidental displacement, and thromboembolism. Conclusion: Central venous catheterization is a safe and efficient procedure with minimal complication in neonates. This study emphasizes its use whenever prolonged intravenous access requirement is expected.
A prospective study of single versus recurrent episodes of typical febrile seizure among children attending a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Anisha A N , Kumari P Leela , Elizabeth K E
Published: June 2020

Background: Recurrence in the febrile seizures is a significant problem after the seizure episode, and there is up to 30% chance of recurrence after the first episode and 50% chance after 2 or more episodes. Objective: The objective of the study is to do a comparative study of sociodemographic and hematologic profile of children aged 6 months–60 months admitted with single and recurrent episodes of typical febrile seizures. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care setting for a period of 2 and a ½ years. History, physical examination and hematologic investigations such as hemoglobin estimation, blood indices, and blood picture were done in all the study participants. Frequency of recurrence after the first episode cases was noted at 1 year after the seizure episode. Results: Of 121 total cases, 53.7% were of first, and 46.3% were of recurrent episodes of typical febrile seizure. Statistically, significant difference was noted in the age (p<0.001) and gender distribution (p<0.001). Statistically significant difference was noted between two groups regarding family history of seizure disorder (p=0.017), consanguinity (p=0.049), undernutrition (p=0.009), stunting (p=0.002), and anemia (p=0.027). Follow-up revealed recurrence of seizures in 13.8% after the first episode. Conclusion: Recurrence was noted in 13.8% of children with a first typical febrile seizure. We also found a significant association of recurrent episodes with age, gender, family history of seizure disorder, consanguinity, undernutrition, stunting, and anemia.
A importância e impactos da certificação LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) na construção de cidades sustentáveis
Authors: Zimbres Roberto Forghieri Vernalha , Lima Paulo Renato
Published: June 2020

O modelo de desenvolvimento urbano praticado nas cidades de hoje é insustentável. O presente trabalho mostra uma poderosa ferramenta capaz de transformar cidades através de projetos, obras e operações com o intuito em sustentabilidade e propensão ambiental. Neste artigo através da certificação internacional LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), objetivou-se mostrar e incentivar na busca de transformar ou criar cidades verdes, inclusivas, resilientes e inteligentes, trazendo assim, benefícios econômicos, sociais e ambientais. No decorrer do trabalho foi abordado a tipologia Cidades e Comunidades Existentes, da qual possui 9 tópicos que foram analisadas dentre pré-requisitos (práticas obrigatórias) e créditos (recomendações). Constatou-se que a certificação em suas nove dimensões analisadas, transformam e criam cidades sustentáveis, levando deste modo, qualidade de vida aos seus cidadãos.
Pengaruh Self Hypnosis Terhadap Respon Cemas Mahasiswa Pada Ujian Tahap Akhir Program Di STIKes Buana Husada Ponorogo
Authors: Jiwantoro Yudha Anggit , Kridawati Afifa Ika , Pratiwi Danies Tunjung
Published: June 2020

Pembelajaran praktik klinik keperawatan merupakan masa transisi dari situasi belajar dikelas ke situasi pelayanan yang nyata, hal ini sangat memungkinkan mahasiswa mengalami kecemasan yang tinggi. Kurangnya pengalaman klinik, dosen yang disiplin, takut membuat kesalahan merupakan situasi yang dapat memproduksi adanya kecemasan mahasiswa. Self hypnosis adalah suatu metode komunikasi persuasif yang digunakan untuk melakukan perubahan kognitif, sikap dan perilaku dengan memasuki wilayah sub consious dalam pikiran manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisa pengaruh pemberian terapi self hypnosis terhadap respon cemas mahasiswa pada ujian tahap akhir program. Desain penelitian ini pra eksperimen dengan one group pre test post test design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa S1 Keperawatan STIKes Buana Husada sebanyak 22 orang dengan teknik total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan kuesioner HARS dan modul self hypnosis, dengan analisa uji wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian ada pengaruh self hypnosis terhadap respon cemas mahasiswa. Kesimpulan penelitian ini pemberian self hypnosis berhasil secara signifikan menurunkan angka kecemasan mahasiswa.
Perilaku Pencegahan Penyakit Tidak Menular Pada Remaja Ambon
Authors: Hariawan Hamdan , Tidore Martini , Rahakbauw Greeny Z.
Published: June 2020

Pembangunan kesehatan sebagai bagian dari upaya membangun manusia seutuhnya antara lain diselenggarakan melalui upaya pencegahan Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM). Upaya pencegahan PTM ditujukan untuk menurunkan angka prevalensi PTM yang semakin meningkat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat gambaran perilaku pencegahan PTM pada remaja dalam bentuk aktivitas CERDIK. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa MAN Ambon dengan usia remaja yaitu usia 16 – 19 tahun dengan besar sampel 50 responden. Perilaku yang diukur terdiri dari pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan pencegahan Penyakit tidak Menular. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden dengan pengetahuan cukup (60%), memiliki sikap yang baik (54%) dan sering (96%) melakukan aktivitas-aktivitas CERDIK sebagai perilaku sehat dalam pencegahan penyakit tidak menular. Perilaku yang paling sering dilakukan adalah aktivitas fisik dalam bentuk aktivitas olahraga yang merupakan bagian dari aktivitas program pemerintah dalam bentuk program CERDIK.
Pengaruh Senam Tai Chi Terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Tidur Lansia Di Balai Sosial Lanjut Usia Mandalika
Authors: Liestanto Fathaillah - , Fithriana Dina
Published: June 2020

Peningkatan jumlah lansia akibat meningkatnya iusia harapan hidup tentunya akan menimbulkan beberapa masalah di bidang kesehatan, salah satunya adalah gangguan tidur. Tahun 2014 tercatat ada 19,2 juta jiwa lansia. Sedangkan tahun 2020 diperkirakan ledakan penduduk lansia menjadi 28,8 juta jiwa atau sebesar 11,34%. Peningkatan gangguan tidur sejalan dengan peningkatan jumlah lansia tersebut, sehingga dibutuhkan intervensi non fakmakologis yang aman untuk mengatasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Senam Tai Chi terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan tidur lansia di Balai Sosial Lanjut Usia Mandalika Mataram. Penelitian ini merupakan penelian pre experimental  dengan rancangan one grup pretest-posttest. Populasi dalam penelitian berjumlah 87 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah Purposive Sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 19 orang. Alat ukur yang digunakan kuesioner instrumen baku PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Data dianalisis dengan statistik non parametrik dengan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil uji dengan ρ sebesar 0,000, menunjukkan ada pengaruh peningkatan kualitas tidur setelah dilakukan senam Tai Chi (α = 0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa senam Tai Chi yang dilakukan oleh responden dapat meningkatkan kualitas tidur lansia
Efektivitas Art Therapy terhadap Pengetahuan dan Praktik Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Gigi pada Anak Usia Prasekolah
Authors: Widyarani Linda , Priliana Wiwi Kustio , Kustanti Cecilya
Published: June 2020

Art therapy merupakan salah satu strategi dalam upaya promosi kesehatan yang efektif diaplikasikan pada anak-anak. Salah satu art therapy yang efektif diterapkan pada anak-anak adalah terapi seni dengan mewarnai gambar dan bercerita atau mendongeng. Art therapy mempermudah anak-anak mempelajari hal-hal baru dan menciptakan suasana belajar yang menyenangkan. Art therapy dapat menggiring anak-anak memahami mekanisme sebab akibat secara rasional. Pembelajaran pada anak dengan art therapy bermedia mewarnai gambar dan bercerita atau mendongeng dapat diaplikasikan sebagai upaya promosi kesehatan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan praktik anak-anak tentang pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh art therapy terhadap pengetahuan dan praktik pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi pada anak usia prasekolah. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperiment dengan one group pre-post test design. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah total sampling. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah anak-anak usia prasekolah yaitu usia 4-6 tahun. Variabel independent pada penelitan ini adalah art therapy, sedangkan variabel dependent adalah pengetahuan dan praktik pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi pada anak usia prasekolah. Instrument penelitian adalah kuesioner, checklist, alat peraga berupa phantom gigi, sikat gigi, pasta gigi, media gambar dan oil pastel. Analisis data menggunakan uji wilcoxon. Hasil dan Analisis: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p = 0,000) antara pengetahuan responden sebelum dan sesudah pemberian art therapy dengan metode bermain mewarnai gambar dan bercerita atau mendongeng. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p = 0,000) antara praktik pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi sebelum dan pemahaman sesudah pemberian intervensi. Kesimpulan: Art therapy terbukti efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan dan praktik pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi pada anak usia prasekolah
Perancangan dan Pembuatan Sistem Monitoring Suhu Ayam, Suhu dan Kelembaban Kandang untuk Meningkatkan Produktifitas Ayam Broiler
Authors: Turesna Ganjar , Andriana A , Abdul Rahman Sutisna , Syarip Muhamad Ripa Nawa
Published: June 2020

Ayam dapat berproduksi secara optimum bila faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal berada dalam batasan-batasan yang normal sesuai dengan kebutuhan hidupnya. Suhu lingkungan merupakan salah satu faktor eksternal yang dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas ayam. Suhu panas pada suatu lingkungan pemeliharaan ayam telah menjadi salah satu perhatian utama karena dapat menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi akibat peningkatan kematian dan penurunan produktivitas. Kandang sistem tertutup atau closed house merupakan sistem kandang yang harus sanggup mengeluarkan kelebihan panas, kelebihan uap air, gas-gas yang berbahaya seperti CO, CO2 dan NH3. Alat ini terdiri dari beberapa perangkat keras dan lunak, diantaranya : Sensor Suhu DS18B20 sebagai pendeteksi suhu pada kandang ayam broiler, sensor kelembaban DHT11 sebagai pendeteksi kelembaban pada kandang ayam broiler, sensor far infra red MLX90640 sebagai pendeteksi suhu tubuh ayam, Wemos D1 mini sebagai mikrokontroler sekaligus komunikasi data melalui wifi ESP8266, Relay sebagai pemutus aliran listrik AC, lampu pijar sebagai pemanas kandang, blower/fan sebagai pendingin kandang, mist maker sebagai pelembab kandang dan arduino IDE sebagai software yang digunakan untuk memprogram. Alat ini melakukan monitoring dengan parameter suhu kandang, kelembaban kandang dan suhu tubuh ayam yang dikirim melalui wifi ke server peternak, namun jika suhu kandang <24°C maka pemanas yang akan secara otomatis menyala tapi jika suhu kandang >29°C maka blower/fan yang akan menyala secara otomatis dan jika kelembaban kandang <60% maka sirkulasi akan menyala secara otomatis tapi jika kelembaban kandang >70% maka mist maker yang akan menyala secara otomatis. Dengan dibuatnya alat ini, dapat memudahkan peternak untuk memonitoring suhu ayam, suhu kandang dan kelembaban kandang sehingga produktifitas ayam broiler stabil dan hasilproduksi ayam yang tepat waktu serta efektif.
PERENCANAAN PENINGKATAN PERKERASAN JALAN BETON PADA RUAS JALAN BABAKAN TENGAH KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Mubarak Maudiawan , Rulhendri Rulhendri , Syaiful Syaiful
Published: June 2020

Jalan merupakan prasarana transportasi darat paling banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat dalam melakukan mobilitasnya. Jalan Dramaga merupakan jalan di kabupaten Bogor yang mempunyai tingkat kepadatan lalu lintas yang tinggi, telah dilakukan pengembangan ruas jalan pada tahun 2018 yang menghubungkan jalan Dramaga dan jalan Laladon dalam rangka mengurangi kemacetan. Selain dari itu, jalan babakan tengah sebagai akses jalan menuju dramaga mengalami kerusakan akibat tidak terpeliharanya lingkungan sekitar dan buruknya saluran drainase. Telah dilakukan beberapa kali penanganan dalam perbaikan kerusakan tersebut namun hasilnya tidak sampai bertahan lama, dan rusak kembali. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya suatu penanganan yang tepat yakni dengan meningkatkan jalan menjadi perkerasan kaku (rigid pavement) yang dapat bertahan lama dan melakukan analisis geometrik jalan dalam meningkatkan arus lalu-lintas. Dalam penelitian ini, dihasilkan tebal perkerasan sebesar 25 cm dari hasil perhitungan menggunakan metode AASHTO, dengan tulangan memanjang D12-500 dan tulang melintang D12-300, dengan sambungan melintang menggunakan  dowel yang digunakan diameter 32 mm panjang 450 mm, sambungan memanjang digunakan tie bar berdiameter 16 mm, panjang 20 cm dan jarak = 100 dan hasil analisis geometrik didapatkan 1 tikungan dengan jenis full circle dengan nilai jari-jari minimum sebesar 112, 04 m.
PENGARUH PERUBAHAN DIMENSI TANGKI TERHADAP DESAIN PONDASI EKSISTING TANGKI REAKTOR PILOT PLANT BIOGAS POME
Authors: Yarsono Samidi , Imamuddin Mohammad , Suwandi Juda , TN Lan Marrakup , Wulandari Ika , Hanif Basit Al , Septinia Eva Nur , Giman Giman
Published: June 2020

Kebutuhan energi terbarukan di Indonesia sangatlah penting, saat ini sumber energi terbarukan porsinya relatif kecil. BPPT ( Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi) dalam kegiatannya melakukan pembangunan pilot plant Biogas Pome setara 700 kW berkerjasama dengan PTPN V (PT. Perkebunan Nusantara V) dengan sistim tangki berpengaduk secara kontinu yang mana hasil gas tersebut dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar boiler pabrik PMKS di sei pagar. Desain pondasi tangki reaktor dengan kapasitas 2000m3, telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan perhitungan fix head dengan diameter pile 60cm type B dengan jumlah 32 pile dengan kedalaman 12m dikerjakan tahun 2018. Diameter rencana tangki reactor direncanakan berukuran 16.8m dengan ketinggian 9m, dengan beban tangki sekitar 2174.2ton. Sedangkan sekarang terjadi perubahan desain tangki dengan diameter 14m dengan ketinggian 16.8, dimana tinggi pome di 16.1m, dimana beban tangki menjadi 2639.1 ton, dimana berdasarkan koreksi tersebut, analisa pile masih memenuhi sedangkan untuk puching shear perlu di lakukan pertebalan, dimana d’ sebelumnya 70cm, sekarang dibuat pile cap 1.2 m dengan d’ sebesar 80 cm , dengan tebal mat 60cm.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF COVERINGS OF EXTENDED RADIATING PIPES ON THEM HEAT RADIATION, WHEN HEATING LARGE OBJECTS AND HEATING INDUSTRIAL ROOMS
Authors: Pikashov V.S. , Trotsenko L.N. , Vinogradova T.V. , Velikodny V.A.
Published: June 2020

It is shown that for heating rooms and objects large in length and volume, the use of extended emitting pipes is most appropriate. A method for heating extended objects is described, in which the principle of radiation from radiating pipes with a length of more than 30 m is used in a garage-defroster of railway cars. The heating system of the garage-defroster includes a firebox-heat generator, long pipes of 90 m along the wagons, the control and instrumentation system A. The firebox and the control and instrumentation cabinets are installed in a separate room. The defrost system circuit is essentially a large emitter. The entire heat-radiating circuit is a closed system of direct and return pipes through which a low-temperature (300–400 °C) coolant circulates. The industrial operation of such a system at one of the Ukrainian factories has confirmed the advantages in comparison with the known defrosting systems: reliability, easy operation, high efficiency, safety and environmental friendliness, low capital costs, a minimum of instrumentation and automation, minimal thermal inertia. Ways of increasing the uniformity of temperature and heat radiation from pipes are considered: recirculation of the coolant in the working circuit and applying coatings with different emissivity to the pipe surface. So, with a recirculation rate of the coolant in the working circuit of the industrial defrosting system from 3 to 5, the temperature difference between the surface of the emitting pipes at the first and distant cars was 100 or more degrees. Therefore, cars that are closer to the coolant entrance to the system defrosted faster than others. Two new methods for controlling the radiation intensity of long pipes along their length are proposed: coating coatings with different emissivity on the surface of pipes and coating with maximum and minimum emissivity, which alternate between themselves, around the perimeter of the rings. The results of laboratory experiments on the dependence of the heat radiation of pipes on the methods of applying special coatings to them are shown, which showed that coating in a certain order allows you to change the nature of the distribution of temperatures and heat radiation on surrounding surfaces, significantly reducing their decrease along the length of the radiating pipe. Ref. 18, Fig. 4.
ALTERNATIVE FUELS FROM TECHNICAL OILS: INNOVATIVE METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF OBTAINING AND USING
Authors: Kirichenko V.I. , Kirichenko V.V. , Nezdorovin V.P.
Published: June 2020

The chemical aspects of increasing the efficiency of processing rape or soy-gm oils (oils in general) into biofuel by two methods are considered. These methods involve: traditional alcoholysis by methanol or ethanol and a new method — esterolysis which is based on reesterification reaction of ester oils mollecules by indusrially produced non-oil esters. The comparison of chemical-technological foundations of oils processing by traditional etanolysis and esterolysis by ethyl-acetate revealed that both technologies demonstrate unsatisfactory indicators of their efficiency, in particular temperature regime, selectiveness in relation to biofuels, output, quality and others, despite certain advantages of esterolysis. It is determined that overcoming the major reasons and consequences of low efficiency of these two methods is possible with the help of the innovative two-stage approach to the realization of technologies of ethanolysis and esterolysis. The chemical-technological principles of each stage of the two-stage processes have been developed, and the conditions of their procedure have been optimized. At the first stage, the alcoholysis of oils by glycerine, the so-called glycerolysis-2, is carried out, with the aim of changing triacyl-glycerine oils molecules into monoacyl-glycerine molecules. The second stage includes ethanolysis or esterolysis of monoacyl-glycerine molecules. The comparative analysis of the given material balances of technologies for one-stage and two-stage types of ethanolysis and esterolysis demonstrated a considerable increase of efficiency, mainly selectiveness, output and quality of biofuel. A new technique of optimizing the temperature regime of technologies for processing oils into biofuels is suggested. It is shown that the biofuel obtained with the help of two-stage ethanolysis is of better quality. It is confirmed that the most rational direction of using biofuel is the formation of composite diesel fuel. Ref. 12, Tab. 4.
IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF A ROTARY KILN FOR CALCINING CARBON-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Leleka S.V. , Karvatskii A.Ya. , Mikulionok I.O. , Vytvytskyi V.M. , Glukhov O.M. , Bondarenko O.V. , Pavelko O.V.
Published: June 2020

An analysis is made of the traditional energy-intensive process of calcining carbon-containing raw materials, in particular petroleum coke, in rotary kilns, which assumes continuous burning of natural gas in these furnaces. A new method for producing calcined petroleum coke is proposed, which minimizes the cost of natural gas as fuel, and therefore reduces the energy intensity of the calcination process and the cost of the obtained calcined coke. In the proposed method, at the beginning of the process, flue gases are obtained by burning natural gas in a rotary kiln, after the calcined coke reaches the required temperature, the consumption of natural gas is reduced or stopped altogether, and the required temperature of the calcined coke is maintained by the corresponding ratio of the flow rate of ambient air and synthetic gas obtained by cooling the material in a rotary kiln or in a cooler drum. To implement the method, a scheme of air supply to the calcination zone of a rotary kiln with the installation of air blowers directly on the casing of a rotary kiln is justified. The fundamental possibility of implementing the proposed method on a rotary kiln diameter 2x40 m with a capacity of 10 t/h for the finished product is shown. In particular, the calculation of its main structural and technological parameters has been performed. Compared with the known method, the proposed technical solution allows to reduce the energy intensity and, accordingly, the cost of the obtained calcined coke. Bibl. 14, Fig. 7.
Coronavirus-SARS-CoV-2: Biology and Problems in rRT-PCR Detection
Authors: Moeis Maelita Ramdani , Rahayu Anis Puji , Ihsani Nisa , Pertiwi Wulan
Published: June 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first appeared in China in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new virus previously unknown to humans. Here we look at what is known about this virus, the main method for detecting the presence of this virus in a person who is used as a golden standard, and the problems that could arise in this detection method. Understanding the biology of the virus and the strengths and weaknesses of the detection method are important for patient management and for overcoming the pandemic.
Analisis Perbandingan File Carving Dengan Metode Nist
Authors: Yuwono Doddy Teguh , W Yunanri
Published: June 2020

Pemulihan data adalah bagian terpenting dari Digital Forensic. Bagi penyidik ??negara untuk menghasilkan bukti yang sah di pengadilan sangat penting dan wajib. Memori Flash, Hard Disk Drive (HDD) dan Solid State Drive (SDD) adalah beberapa Media Penyimpanan yang digunakan sebagai tempat untuk meletakkan semua jenis data dan informasi dalam berbagai format file digital. Karena bentuk digitalnya sehingga memungkinkan berbagai format file digital disembunyikan, dihapus, dan bahkan diformat di media penyimpanan, sedangkan semua data dan informasi harus ditemukan oleh penyelidik negara.

Prinsip dasar data atau informasi digital jika telah disalin pada Memori Flash, Hard Disk Drive (HDD) dan Solid State Drive (SDD) tidak akan pernah hilang secara permanen dan bahkan data atau informasi digital hilang karena dihapus, diformat dengan cepat atau sistem macet. Jadi, mengembalikan data sangat mungkin. Dalam penelitian ini, tes dilakukan menggunakan Foremost, FTK Imager, dan Scalpel, yang merupakan Alat OpenSource yang dapat digunakan pada sistem operasi Propietary dan OpenSource. Metode yang digunakan adalah Institut Teknologi Standar Nasional (NIST). NIST memiliki panduan kerja yang sangat baik tentang kebijakan dan standar untuk memastikan setiap Penguji mengikuti alur kerja yang sama, sehingga pekerjaan mereka didokumentasikan dan hasilnya dapat ditinjau dan dapat dipertahankan saat pelaporan sebelum dijadikan sebagai bukti yang valid. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa Foremost, FTK Imager, dan Scalpel dapat mengembalikan data yang dihapus, disembunyikan, dan diformat.
Prodigal Daughter, Usurer’s Son: Sexual, Rhetorical, and Monetary Economies in Robert Chamberlain’s The Swaggering Damsel (1640)
Authors: Dezur Kathryn
Published: June 2020

Cet article examine la pièce de théâtre The Swaggering Damsel de Robert Chamberlain (1640) du point de vue de son discours au sujet de l’économie mercantile de l’Angleterre de cette époque, et de ses effets sur le marché du mariage. Cette comédie reflète en effet les angoisses provoquées par les possibilités de transformation inhérente à la convergence des institutions de l’argent et du mariage. Plus particulièrement, The Swaggering Damsel attire l’attention sur des changements d’autorité et de pouvoir au sein des relations entre sexes, résultant de forces économiques. La pièce retrace les notions de crédit, de crédibilité et de possession, en combinant les registres linguistiques financiers et sexuels.
“The Mouth of Christ Alone”: Luther’s Eine treue Vermahnung (1522) on the Weak in Faith
Authors: Leroux Neil R.
Published: June 2020

Cet article examine un petit mais très important ouvrage que Luther a écrit avant de quitter pour toujours le château de Wartbourg, au début de mars 1522. A Sincere Admonition to All Christians présente des idées et un langage caractéristiques que l’on retrouve dans les sermons Invocavit. L’analyse de ce texte montre comment Luther a sélectionné, interprété et amplifié les textes bibliques dans le développement de son herméneutique, afin d’éloigner le mouvement de Wittenberg des influences puissantes de la politique, pour la ramener vers ce qu’il considérait comme l’irrésistibles nature et fonction de la parole de Dieu. Lorsque les chrétiens identifient correctement leur interlocuteur, la « voix du Seigneur » — un agent de jugement dépassant toute insurrection humaine — favorise également le soutien persuasif du faible dans la foi.
Le pouvoir disciplinaire chez Calvin
Authors: García-Alonso Marta
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses the doctrinal foundations of criminal law in Calvin’s ecclesiology, namely his theology of the original sin, and its practical implementation in Geneva’s consistory. On these grounds, I analyse the distinction between civil and ecclesiastical criminal law. Both State and Church were granted by Calvin a ius gladii, but only the former can claim a right to impose physical punishment, whereas the latter should just punish spiritually. Here lays, in my view, the difference between law and discipline.
The Death of the Fifth Earl of Derby: Cunning Folk and Medicine in Early Modern England
Authors: Bonzol Judith
Published: June 2020

Les devins ont joué un rôle indispensable dans le diagnostique et la guérison de maladies d’origine diabolique dans les communautés anglaises des débuts de la modernité. Malgré les tentatives du clergé de les faire passer pour les agents du Diable, leur popularité est restée intacte. Les solutions proposées par l’église Protestante — la prière, le jeune et la piété — se sont avérés impuissantes face à la multitude d’afflictions étranges et déconcertantes infestant la campagne anglaise. Bien que les diagnostiques de ces personnes rusées ont parfois conduit à des accusations de sorcellerie, leur pratique s’est souvent avérée préférable aux traitements invasifs et radicaux appliqués par les médecins gradués de l’université. La croyance populaire dans la capacité magique de guérison des devins était en partie favorisée par leur soutien par les élites. L’examen détaillé de la maladie soudaine et de la mort en 1594 de Ferdinando Stanley, cinquième comte de Derby, montre que l’emploi de ces intervenants n’était pas une pratique limitée aux pauvres et aux ignorants, et explore la nature des relations entre la médecine contrôlée par l’université et ce type de pratique.
How to Read Venetian Relazioni
Authors: De Vivo Filippo
Published: June 2020

Les rapports de fin de mission des ambassadeurs vénitiens, ou relazioni (relations), décrivaient le pays où ils avaient servi, leur souverain et sa cour, et analysaient la politique que ce souverain avait avec les autres états. Apparues au XIIIe siècle, les relazioni qui subsistent se répartissent des années 1490 aux années 1790, et sont parmi les sources les plus connues pour l’histoire moderne. Toutefois, il semble nécessaire de renouveler notre compréhension de leurs usages et de leurs significations originales. Cet article se concentre sur les nombreuses variantes des relazioni , éliminées dans les éditions modernes, et cherche à reconstruire le processus par lequel elles ont apparu et circulé, d’abord oralement, et ensuite ont été déposées, sous forme écrite, dans les archives de Venise, mais aussi diffusées sous la forme de pamphlets manuscrits et imprimés, vendus en dépit des lois interdisant ces pratiques. On traite ensuite des fonctions institutionnelles, collectives et personnelles, que les relazioni ont joué au moment de leur rédaction : pour le gouvernement, pour leurs auteurs et pour leurs nombreux lecteurs appartenant ou non aux élites politiques.
Jean de Brébeuf and the Wendat Voices of Seventeenth-Century New France
Authors: Podruchny Carolyn , Labelle Kathryn Magee
Published: June 2020

Les relations des Jésuites, datant du XVIIe siècle, sont habitées par les voix des autochtones que les Jésuites ont tenté de convertir au catholicisme. Ces voix peuvent révéler beaucoup de l’histoire des autochtones et de leur rencontre avec les européens, une fois que l’on saisit la nature du point de vue jésuite. Cet article explore la dualité de la vision du jésuite Jean de Brébeuf dans ses relations de 1635 et 1636, au sujet des hurons Wendat de Nouvelle France. Ses écrits révèlent son approche scientifique comme ethnographe, ainsi que sa nature mystique profondément engagée dans sa vocation missionnaire. Dans ses descriptions de la politique, de la religion et de la cosmologie wendate, on constate la difficulté qu’a Jean de Brébeuf à considérer les Wendats comme un peuple intelligent, et le fait qu’il les considère comme des êtres dégénérés qu’il faut sauver.
Truth Telling, Credibility, and the Story of the Self in the Diário de Navegação of Pero Lopes de Sousa
Authors: Dodman Maria João
Published: June 2020

Cette étude se penche sur le Diário da Navegação de l’auteur portugais Pero Lopes de Sousa. Le Diário décrit un voyage de deux ans (1530–1532) et enregistre la tentative énergique du Portugal de consolider ses possessions brésiliennes. Tout comme d’autres documents portugais de voyage de l’époque, il présente un récit complexe et hybride qui emprunte à toute une gamme de styles d’écriture, de genres et de techniques littéraires. Au début, le Diário prétend être un journal de bord qui offre une information objective et fiable au sujet de plusieurs aspects du voyage : des vents aux courants, en passant par les habitants. Toutefois, je propose que le récit et l’ordre du jour du Diário est bien plus complexe. Au milieu des observations concrètes émerge un discours qui construit une image du héro portugais. De cette façon, le nouveau monde, ses habitants et les puissances européennes deviennent assujettis aux désirs portugais, et sont donc organisés en conséquence. Le narrateur, l’équipage et par extension tout l’empire, sont transformés en modèles exemplaires de protagonistes désintéressés, inventeurs d’un El Dorado brésilien.
Writing to Posterity: Margaret Cavendish’s “A True Relation of my Birth, Breeding and Life” (1656) as an “autobiographical relazione”
Authors: Reeves Margaret
Published: June 2020

L’essai autobiographique de Margaret Cavendish, intitulé A True Relation of my Birth, Breeding, and Life, et publié dans la première édition de Natures Pictures (1656), peut être lu comme une « relazione autobiographique ». Par la publication de cette brève autobiographie, dans les premières années seulement d’une carrière soutenue et prolifique de vingt ans, Cavendish répond à des rumeurs qui ont commencé à circuler à son sujet parmi ses contemporains. En tant que récit polémique circulant oralement et sous forme écrite, et parfois avec des significations contradictoires, la relazione s’avère utile comme grille d’analyse permettant d’examiner les réponses autobiographiques de Cavendish à ces rumeurs. Cet article montre la finesse avec laquelle elle choisit la relation comme modèle générique de son récit, dans lequelle elle insiste sur la vérité comme moyen de dépasser ses contemporains et de rejoindre un lectorat « d’autres âges » plus réceptif à l’image publique qu’elle construit d’elle-même.
Le De disciplinis de Jean-Louis Vivès : critique et rémanence du principe d’autorité
Authors: Vigliano Tristan
Published: June 2020

During the 1520s and 1530s, humanism continued to define itself with regards to research, re-discovery, edition, and commentary of ancient texts. However, it also entered a more critical phase, one that is more reflective, or conscious of its own existence. The De disciplinis appeared at Antwerp in July 1531, published by Michaël Hillen. Contrary to the traditional compendium of “authority,” Vivès affirms that it would be better to form an opinion on the writing of great authors according to what you have read, than to depend only on their expertise and to always accept the words of others. Secondhand knowledge is secondrate. Yet, not all authority is criticized in the same manner; there are both great and inferior authors, and it is important to consider their hierarchy. This article studies in depth the system of references and readings in the De disciplinis, in the context of the development of humanism and the calling into question of traditions surrounding the concept of “authority.” The paradox facing the critical undertaking would then be the danger of becoming itself a discourse of authority.
Le Nomenclator de Robert Constantin (1555), première bibliographie française ?
Authors: Magnien Michel
Published: June 2020

Even if one can discover lists of books that were printed in France before 1555, the Nomenclator seems to be the first work solely devoted to bibliographic inventory ever printed on French soil. Yet it is a relatively unknown publication – issuing from an unfamiliar hand. This thin volume, of fewer than 200 pages has not interested critics until now. Before presenting the materiality and problematic of this small in octavo, so modest when compared to the enormous in folio published by Gesner ten years earlier from which it derives, this article describes the personality and the works of R. Constantin, a preeminent Hellenist, born at Caen in 1530, and author of the Nomenclator, his first printed work. A friend of Daléchamps and a man interested in medical works, Constantin is linked to the new humanist scene. The precise analysis of the bibliographic work, title, sources, and references present in the Nomenclator show the scholarly tastes and reformed convictions of its author. This analysis also brings to light the hierarchy of bodies of knowledge and authors. Lastly, it demonstrates the ambition of its young author, namely: recognition within the humanist environment. This article concludes with a study of the reception of this first bibliography, once famous in the past.
Réflexions autour du projet de bibliographie des éditions lyonnaises du seizième siècle (BEL16)
Authors: Mouren Raphaële
Published: June 2020

In November 2007, l’École nationale supérieure des sciences de l’information et des bibliothèques—France’s national school for information and librarianship—launched an ambitious project, following William Kemp’s proposal: establishing, in electronic form, an exhaustive, retrospective bibliography of books printed at Lyons during the sixteenth century. The implementation of this project was the object of numerous reflections, mostly upon the way the history of the book and the history of philology complement each other. Professional and disciplinary specificities concerned the identification of the types of users of such a base, the needs of these users, the norms regularly used, and the different levels of description considered to be necessary. This article recounts these conceptual progressions as they helped define bibliography in the twenty-first century. With precise comparisons to existing databases, and with concise and detailed definitions of methodology and issues, the author exposes the necessary decisions required of any bibliographic undertaking. Public, descriptions, corpus, standardization, and use are approached with reference to both conception and concept.
“Tous mes livres de langues estrangeres”: Reconstructing the Legatum Scaligeri in Leyden University Library
Authors: Van Ommen Kasper
Published: June 2020

Josephus Justus Scaliger, né en 1540 à Agen près de Bordeaux, accepta l’invitation de la nouvelle université de Leyde, et s’y installa en 1593 et y exerca comme professeur jusqu’à sa mort en 1609. De sa prise de fonction jusque son trépas, il ne quitta plus Leyde, où il fut enterré et sans cesse célébré depuis. En 2008, l’Institut Scaliger initia le projet, toujours en cours, de compiler la bibliographie des livres en langues orientales « et étrangères » légués à la Bibliothèque Universitaire de Leyde par Josephus Justus Scaliger en 1609. Cet article décrit ce projet, ses buts et ses enjeux, ainsi que les questions méthodologiques posées par la démarche : rencontrant en chemin des ambiguïtés et imprécisions de descriptions anciennes fort inattendues, il propose de catégoriser les types de témoignage touchant ce fonds. La bibliographie de cette collection allie l’histoire de la bibliothèque et l’histoire des anciens possesseurs, donateurs, acheteurs, passeurs de chaque manuscrit ou livre imprimé. Elle touche tout autant l’histoire de l’humanisme et la naissance des études orientales. L’analyse d’exemples précis montre que l’attribution de manuscrits et de livres à cette collection demeure incertaine en bien des cas. Néanmoins, une étude de la collection dans son ensemble, que le catalogue méthodiquement établi rendra possible, mettra en lumière les liens entre possession et transmission tout comme ceux qui unissent bibliothèque et savoir.