bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LUCERNE ESTABLISHMENT PRECISION VERSUS CONVENTIONAL SOWING METHODS
Authors: Sims Ralph E.H.
Published: July 2020

Lucerne was sown at several sowing rates with both a roller drill and a precision seeder. Plant population counts and dry matter yields were recorded at regular intervals. The high seeding rate treatments showed higher plant mortalities than those sown at lower rates, resulting in a tendency for the population to reach an optimum, regardless of sowing method or rate. There were no significant differences obtained in the dry matter yeilds obtained from any treatment. Thus it would appear that precision seeding techniques enable lower seeding rates of lucerne to be sown successfully, owing to the better distribution of the seeds by the drill.
BROWSE SHRUBS FOR NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Hill G.D.
Published: July 2020

DURING 1919 and 1920, Cockayne (1919a, b, c; 1920a, b, c) published a series of papers on the montane tussock-grasslands of New Zealand. Then, as now, there were worries about overgrazing because carrying capacity had declined frotm one sheep per 1.2 ha, to one sheep per 2 ha (Cockayne, 1919a). As part of his work Cockayne observed plant species eaten by sheep at Hanmer during January (Cockayne, 1919b) and September 1919 at the same site (Cockayne, 1920b). On both occasions stocking rate was very heavy for the duration of the observation period. In January, 281 rams grazed the area for nine days and in September it was grazed by 645 hoggets for five days. As the total area was slightly more than 10 ha it is not surprising that Cockayne (1920b) commented after the second grazing that in places "the grass was cropped as closely as if it had been mown with a scythe. . . ."
IRRIGATION PRODUCTION AND DESIGN TECHNIQUES
Authors: Taylor Anthony R.
Published: July 2020

Production with irrigation is high and some of the economic advantages of irrigation farming are given. To achieve this high and steady rate of production, engineering and hydraulic principles must be followed in the design and construction of the border strips. If pasture is irrigated more than five times an economic advantage exists for a border strip length of 220 m as compared with 110 m or 440 m. As lengths of border strips are shortened, watering rates are increased and a greater area can be covered with the same amount of water or the area may be watered more frequently.
DEVELOPMENT OF A DRYLAND FARM
Authors: Roberts K.L.
Published: July 2020

Over the past 13 years the property described has proved a worthwhile investment. Carrying capacity has been increased by 260%, and high performance stock have been maintained; ewes have averaged 135% lambing. The property was first developed into a dryland lucerne unit, and in later years to an irrigation farm. This has been achieved with 2 labour units, and extended working hours.
MANAGEMENT OF IRRIGATION FARMS UNDER HIGH STOCKING
Authors: Brown G.R.L.
Published: July 2020

High stocking rates on irrigated pastures are not unrealistic because seasonal pasture production is predictable. For best utilization this feed should be eaten in situ. Therefore stock policies with demand patterlis that best follow the pasture production curve have an advantage. On the Lower Waitaki Plains, to which this paper pertains, the typical irrigation farm- will be 70% border-dyked. The remaining 30% of land can be a useful complement.
LUCERNE MANAGEMENT FOR -THE CRITICAL SPRING PERIOD UNDER LIGHT LAND GRAZING
Authors: Janson C.G.
Published: July 2020

Spring is a critical period for unirrigated, light land grazing systems based on lucerne. Three management principles are described, which, on the basis of experimental evidence, can improve lucerne production in spring. These three principles are (1) the transfer of cool season growth through to the early spring, (2) delaying the grazing commencement time on the lucerne in spring as long as possible, and (3) rotationally grazing ewes and lambs over the pre-weaning period. Practical management techniques to aid the implementation of these principles on a farm scale are discussed.
RUST INCIDENCE AND HEADING OF OVERSEAS RYEGRASS CULTIVARS IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Armstrong C.S. , Rumball W.
Published: July 2020

Spaced plant data on rust and heading are summarized, comparing overseas ryegrass cultivars with those of New Zealand. Relative to 'Grasslands Ruanui' perennial ryegrass, most overseas cultivars were equally or more resistant to field infections of rust, and tended to be later heading. Overseas cultivars of annual ryegrasses tended to be earlier heading than 'Grasslands Paroa' Italian ryegrass.
A DESCRIPTIVE NOTE ON THE GROWTH HABIT OF LOTUS PEDUNCULATUS CAV.
Authors: Sheath G.W.
Published: July 2020

Morphological observations and measurements are presented on the growth habit of Lotus pedunculatus Cav. Establishing plants are characterized by a limited shoot-forming potential, particularly in association with weak crown activity. Plant resilience is improved with rhizome development by providing regrowth sites, carbohydrate storage and a colonizing potential. In the established plant, underground organs are the dominant plant components and their expansion patterns are discussed. Aerial growth is initiated as crown shoots, axillary shoots and basal shoots arising from rhizomatous material,
EVALUATING FOREST FARMING
Authors: Mcqueen I.P.M. , Knowles R.L. , Hawke M.F.
Published: July 2020

ALMOST all the discussions on forest farming to date have centred on the tree establishment stage, or at least the very early years of the stand. This being so new a concept, and with few forests planted on farmed grassland, such emphasis is understandable. However, although tree establishment is an important phase, in the end the system must stand or fall agriculturally by the pastoral production obtained among stands for older, say, 4 years plus, trees. The trees will then be beyond browsing damage and the underlying pastures could supply substantial grazing until canopy closure. How much grazing and for how long are major questions to be answered.
THE VALUE OF GRASS IN REDUCING FARM WINTERING COSTS IN HAWKE'S BAY
Authors: Spiers I.B.
Published: July 2020

Historical data on stocking rates and supplementary feed used on the 321 ha farm are given for the years 1970 to,l975. During this period major changes in winter grazing management practices were adopted. Management changes and reasons for thim are described and cost of and labour advantages of these changes; associated with a reduction of supplementary feed, are outlined: It is concluded that increases in stocking rates do not necessarily increase profit since in some instances they cause an increase in supplememary feeding. It is also concluded that the farm could winter l8 stock units/ha provided buying and selling policies were correctly timed and management systems used that can control intakes to the level desired.
FORESTRY AND FARMING - A PRACTICAL EXAMPLE
Authors: Farnsworth M.C. , Male A.J.R. , Russell I.
Published: July 2020

The history and development of Pouto Forest Farm Ltd are outlined. Pouto Forest Farm is a forest farm project on the Pouto Peninsula, which has been in operation for five years on 3200 ha of land, of wh'ich 1890 ha are now planted in radiata pine. Brief consideration is given to the philosophy associated with the setting up of the project and to its prime stated objective, one of environmental betterment. Research and development work being undertaken at Pouto are also briefly outlined.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANT PASTURE AND METHODS OF PASTURE MANAGEMENT FOR GRASS GRUB CONTROL
Authors: Kain W.M. , Atkinson D.S.
Published: July 2020

Studies of the plant-insect relationship of grass grub larvae have highlighted the sensitivity of this insect to changes in the botanical composition of existing pastures, the effect of resistant plants sown as pure species or in mixtures wtih susceptible species, and the intensity of defoliation through the summer months. From these findings it is concluded that agronomic practices offer considerable scope as a component of a pest management programme for grass grub control.
FARM MANAGEMENT METHODS TO CONTROL PASTURE PESTS
Authors: French R.A.
Published: July 2020

It is suggested that methods of stock and pasture management integrated with the farm management programme could reduce both pasture pest populations and their effect on farm stock production.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF RYEGRASS SEEDLINGS IN SOLDIER FLY-INFESTED LAND
Authors: Dixon G.M. , Davison R.H.
Published: July 2020

Soldier fly, Inopus rubriceps (Macquart), larvae suck nutrients from the roots of ryegrass, 'reducing root growth, tiller and foliage production, and probably plant survival. Accurate placement of insecticide with the seed killed larvae, and en'hanced establishment of the seedlings. The use of minimum cultivation, paraquat, and fertilizer sown with the seed, all made larvae move on to the rows of new seedlings thereby improving the efficiency of the insecticide and establishment of the seedlings. This was associated with increased root weights and pasture production. These techniques warrant consideration as alternatives to full surface cultivation and should readily fit into farm undersowing programmes.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF 'GRASSLANDS PAWERA' RED CLOVER IN SOUTHLAND
Authors: Hay R.J.M. , Kelly R.W. , Ryan D.L.
Published: July 2020

Grazing experiments investigating some factors determining the dry matter production and oestrogenicity of Pawera red clover are described. The legume content of the summer dry matter yield was double that of Ruanui and Huia pasture following overdrilling of lightly paraquated pasture with 4 or 8 kg/ha of Pawera. Persistence of Pawera was demonstrated by its ability to survive in sufficient density under grazing to contribute 35% of total summer dry matter production in its fourth year after direct drilling into lightly paraquated pasture. A Pawera sward when overdrilled with Tama ryegrass or Rahu ryecorn produced the same annual yield as Ariki/ Huia pasture, but the seasonal distribution was markedly different, with production from the overdrilled Pawera being greater in winter and summer. Pure Pawera swards produced some 70% more dry matter during December-February than Ariki/Huia pasture. The significance of this is related to conservation practices in Southland. Oestrogenicity of pure swards of Pawera was determined by measuring the cervical mucus response in ovariectomized ewes. Responses to grazing were equivalent to a single injection of 9 to 31 ug of oestradiol-17B
REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS IN PASTURE ANALYSIS
Authors: Cochrane G.Ross
Published: July 2020

Photographic, optical, electronic and digital methods are available for using Landsat data in applied problems of pasture surveys at a range of scales. The most versatile technique involves three stages of analysis: satellite data, aircraft photography, and field surveys
THE RELATIONSHIPS OF GROWTH AND FLOWERING TO NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES IN. CHIONOCHLOA SPP.
Authors: Payton I.J.
Published: July 2020

The relationships of growth and flowering to nonstructural carbohydrate reserve storage and the influence of the pastoral management practice of burning on these relationships were investigated in Chionochloa rigida and C. macra on the Old Man Range, Central Otago
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF PAKIHI SOILS ON THE WEST COAST
Authors: Wright D.B. , Morton J.D.
Published: July 2020

Experimental results on development of pakihi soils are presented. Coating of inoculated white clover seed had no effect on establishment or initial growth. Liming had no effect on establishment but increased initial growth. The improved lotus cultivar G4703 outyielded white clover at low rates of lime and phosphate but firstyear dry matter yields were very low. The use of less soluble forms of potassium and phosphate on the low retention pakihi soils had no effect on dry matter yield. There W'BS a useful pasture yieid response up to 75 kg P/ha but the response diminished from 30 to 75 kg P/ha. Pasture yield responses to potassium occurred up to 175 kg K,/ha using the mowing and clippings returned measurement technique but only up to 25 kg K/ha where the response was measured under grazing. Elemental sulphur at 60 kg,/ha significantly increased pasture yield and restored a deteriorated pasture in one trial. A simple technique based on aerial oversowing has evolved for establishing pastures on pakihi soils. Given proper management, the resulting pastures are high-producing. The conversion of grass to beef and sheep products has been demonstrated on the Pakihi Demonstration Farm near Westport and by the Department of Lands and Survey, but dairying is yet to be tested. The economy of the West Coast will be considerably enhanced by progressive development of the pakihi soils.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE RESPONSE OF CLOVER ESTABLISHMENT TO INOCULATION AND PELLETING
Authors: Lowther W.L.
Published: July 2020

Results of trials evaluating the effectiveness of different inoculation and pelleting techniques on the establishment of clovers oversown in tussock grassland sites are discussed. These trials were carried out simulating as far as possible the practical applications. Response to inoculation and pelleting varied with environmental conditions (e.g., altitude, soil acidity and vegetative cover), time of sowing, and populations of rhizobia in the soil. On some soils, clover established reasonably Erom inoculated seed, while on some acid soils effective pelleting of inoculated seed was essential. Environmental conditions influenced the standards required for inoculants and pelleted seed. The importance of field testing in addition to laboratory testing is stressed.
SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE SURVIVAL OF RHIZOBIUM TRIFOLII ON WHITE CLOVER
Authors: Hale C.N.
Published: July 2020

Survival of Rhizobium trifolii on white clover seed before sowing is adversely affected by both drying and a water-soluble toxin which diffuses from the seed coat during the inoculation process. Survival of rhizobia is increased by removal of the toxin by seed washing or the suppression of its inhibitory effect by treatment of seed with phenolic adsorbents. Survival of rhizobia introduced into tbe soil on seed before the rhizosphere is capable of supporting growth and multiplication may be affected by the toxic diffusate and competition and/or antagonism from naturally occurring populations of soil micro-organisms, Selection of effective strains of rhizobia on criteria such as survival and competition abilities, as well as on the ability to nodulate and fix nitrogen, is considered to be extremely important.
PASTORAL FARMING IN NELSON
Authors: Batten G.J. , Laffan M.D.
Published: July 2020

Nelson is a dificult farming district with only one-third farmable, inherently poor soils, and fragmented farming areas. Dairying predominates in the wetter northern and southern parts, with sheep and cattle on the hills, and wide enterprise diversity on the eastern coastal plains. There is scope to increase production from existing pastures, but little new land development is expected apart from Golden Ray pakihi. Expansion of production will not be rapid, influenced as it is by land use competition from forestry and by individual farm physical and financial limitations.
MOUTERE HILL COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT : A REVIEW
Authors: Martin R.
Published: July 2020

IN September 1956, Transport (Nelson) Holdings Ltd entered into an agreement to lease 910 ha at Redwoods Valley from the Crown for a 13-year term from fanuary 1, 1957. The Redwoods Valley area is 29 km from Nelson, with saleyards, fertilizer works and freezing works within a 16 km radius. The area leased was in an unimproved state with a cover of gorse, fern, heather, and pines. A condition of the lease was that the lessee develop 35 ha/yr and it was expected that 300 ha could be developed. In November 1963, Transport (Nelson) Holdings Ltd entered into an agreement with the Crown to purchase the freehold of the property by way of a deferred payment licence. To round off boundaries, two other properties of 40 and 15 ha were purchased in January 1957, and a further 75 ha in 1961, all in a reverted state.
PAKIHI DEVELOPMENT : FARMING EXPERIENCE IN GOLDEN BAY
Authors: Mclellan J.D. , Fenwick G.A.
Published: July 2020

Description of development method and problems experienced in farming pakihi in Golden Bay and present costs of development and maintenance of pasture are given. It is considered that with high fertilizer cost dairy farming is the most economic use of pakihi. Problems likely to occur in dairy farming on pakihi are discussed.
THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF LEGUMES
Authors: Ulyatt M.J. , Lancashire J.A. , Jones W.T.
Published: July 2020

Evidence is reviewed to show that, in most circumstances, legumes are of higher nutritive value than grasses. The reasons for such differences are explored using evidence from indoor feeding experiments. In particular, the superiority of legumes over perennial ryegrass appears to be due to a higher intake and a higher ratio of protein/energy absorbed. The mechanisms by which tannins in legumes such as Lotus and sainfoin can reduce bloat and improve nutritive value are also considered. Finally, the management of legumes in relation to their higher feeding value is discussed. It was considered that, because of agronomic factors, the superior nutritive value of legumes is not being exploited in agriculture.
PEOPLE, PROFITS AND POLITICS
Authors: Glendining Danna
Published: July 2020

With the General Election at the end of the month I thought it timely to look at the record of the present Government and the possible alternatives as far as the rural community and the important rural social issues are concerned.
SOIL FERTILITY AND HILL COUNTRY PRODUCTION
Authors: Lambert M.G. , Luscombe P.C. , Clark D.A.
Published: July 2020

Soil, pasture and animal responses to 2 levels of superphosphate were measured within a farmlet trial, at Ballantrae hill country research area, near Woodville, during 1975-80. Soil and pasture measurements were also made for 3 years before the trial started. Pastures, which were dominated by low-fertility-tolerant grasses (LFTC;), moss and flatweeds, were oversown with 4 legumes before the trial started. Soil Olsen P level was 5 under untopdressed pasture in 1973, and 9 in 1975 after application of 500 kg/ ha superphosphate. Superphosphate rates were 120 (on low fertiliser areas q LF) and 640 (on high fertiliser areas = HF) kg/ ha/ yr average during 1975/80. Annual pasture production (adjusted for variable summer rainfall) was 7.1 t DM/ ha from untopdressed pasture and 8.1 t following 500 kg superphosphate/ ha in 1973-74. LF production rose to 8.5, and HF to 12.0, in 1980. Legume contribution rose from 5% in untopdressed pasture to 18% and 23% in LF and HF respectively in 1975/76. By 1979/80 legume contribution had steadily declined to 10% on both treatments, probably due to a measured increase in soil N availability and increased competitiveness of associated grasses. Ryegrass content rose at both fertiliser levels, while LFTG content fell; these trends were greatest under HF. Winter stocking rate was increased from 6 to 10.9 and 14.9 su/ha on LF and HF-respectively. Per animal performance did not decrease. A range of techniques which could increase efficiency of superphosphate use in hill country is discussed. These techniques include: selective application to responsive pastures; spring application; grazing management to encourage legume growth.
A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF GROWTH DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NUI AND RUANUI RYEGRASS AT HIGH AND LOW NITROGEN INPUTS
Authors: Hunt W.F. , Mortimer B.J.
Published: July 2020

Because of phenotypic differences, monocultures of Nui have tillers that are on average 43% larger but 20% less dense than monocultures of Ruanui. Nui tillers had larger leaves for most of the year and also more leaves per tiller during spring when Nui leaf appearance rates tended to be higher. Nui growth rates were higher in spring when temperature and nutritional limitations were removed. Nui yielded 54% more than Ruanui annually under high nitrogen nutrition. High nitrogen nutrition increased tiller density and death, tiller and leaf appearance rates, and leaf size and growth rate during the warmer months. Intermittent applications of nitrogen increased temporarily tiller and leaf appearance rates in apparent compensation for preceding lower rates. High nutrition tillers were more severely defoliated and had fewer leaves at the beginning of regrowths.
SOME EFFECTS OF DROUGHT ON PERENNIAL RYEGRASS SWARDS
Authors: Korte C.J. , Chu A.C.P.
Published: July 2020

Herbage production and tiller dynamics were measured in "Grasslands Nui" perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) swards for 3 months during summer, under conditions of either irrigation or water stress. Measurements continued through winter and early spring when both treatments were well supplied with water. At the end of the stress period tiller densities were 11000 and 4000 tillers/m* in the irrigated and the stressed plots respectively. Lack of moisture stopped tiller emergence but had little effect on the relative death rate of tillers formed before water stress. During the stress period, herbage production was greater in the irrigated than in the stressed plots, average accumulation rates of 68 and 21 kg DM/ ha/dav respectively being recorded. After re-watering, there was compensatory growth by the previously stressed swards resulting in a higher accumulation rate, the average accumulation rates were 24 and 15 kg DM/ha/dav for the previously stressed and irrigated plots respectively. The higher accumulation rate was due mainly to a greater rate of tillering in the previously stressed plots. Differences between treatments in herbage production and tillering were significant up to 3 months after rewatering. The results are discussed in relation to pasture management. Keywords: Nui, Perennial ryegrass, drought, tiller density, irrigation
The Lolium endophyte: return from anonymity
Authors: Harvey I.C.
Published: July 2020

The commensal, above ground fungus in ryegrass, known simply as the Lolium endophyte, which has been well studied in the past (McLennan, 1920; Sampson, 1935, 1937; Neil, 1940, 1941; Lloyd, 1959) has recently emerged as the bright new hope in the ryegrass stagger aetiology research. Fletcher and Harvey (1981) showed a highly significant correlation between the amount of infection in three ryegrass cultivars and the observed intensity of ryegrass staggers in a split plot randomised grazing trial at Lincoln. At the same time, a new group of neurotoxins, the lolitrems, were also being linked with ryegrass staggers by Gallagher et. al (1981). It would appear that an association between the endophyte and the host trigger the production of these lolitrems, but whether they are produced by the host in response to invasion of the intercellular space by the fungus (as is the case in the production of phytoalexins) or by the fungus itself in response to specific apoplastic nutrients supplied by the host, has not been fully established. Ironically, the Lolium endophyte was suggested the possible aetiological agent in ryegrass staggers several years ago. It was rejected, however, on three counts: Firstly, when axenic cultures of the fungus (grown on ryecorn seed) were fed to sparrows and mice, no ill effects were noted (Cunningham, 1958). Secondly, when endophyte-infected seed was fed to a range of animals, including one sheep, no toxicity was noted (Neil, 1941); and thirdly, it was considered by Neil in 1940 that "a widely distributed fungus such as Lo//urn endophyte could not be responsible for localised outbreaks of ryegrass staggers!' (Cunningham & Hartley, 1959). The Lincoln group of researchers have used two approaches to determine why these three factors caused such a rejection. Firstly, an ultrastructural study was carried out at Canterbury University on the interaction between the fungus and the host, and the nature of the fungus in seed and in pure culture (Fineran et al, in prep.; Gallagher et al. 1982). Secondly, a study of endophyte levels in some South Island pastures where outbreaks of ryegrass staggers had occurred was carried out (Harvey, 1982).
'GRASSLANDS WANA' COCKSFOOT SEED PRODUCTION
Authors: Brown K.R. , Rolston M.P. , Archie W.J.
Published: July 2020

'Grasslands Wana' cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), a new cultivar, produced highest seed yields (405 kg/ha over three years) at 30 cm row spacing in Canterbury. Wider rows (45 and 60cm) produced more seed heads/m* but lower yields, whereas with 15 cm rows there were fewer seed heads and lower yields. In the Manawatu, Wana yields averaged 605 kg/ha over three years, although the North Island is not recognised as a cocksfoot seed producing area. Seed weights range from 0.65 to 0.85 g/l000 seeds, lighter than Apanui and Kara cocksfoots. With two autumn sowings, Wana produced 325 and 170 kg/ha 10 months after sowing. Controlling weeds, especially Poa annoa, is important for high yields from autumn sowings. Plots treated with ethofumesate yielded up to 7 times more than untreated plots. Management, fertiliser use, and rules for changing cocksfoot cultivars are discussed. Keywords: Dactylis glomerata, row spacing, weed control, ethofumesate, terbicil, nitrogen.
Commercial Indicators of Stock Salvia stepposa L. Sage Harvested in Astrakhan Region
Authors: Polukhina T.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This article presents the results of commercial scientific indicators of steppe sage raw materials harvested in the Astrakhan region: humidity, total ash, ash insoluble in a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid and determined the quantitative content of the sum of extractive substances. Determination of extractives in the raw materials sage steppe performed gravimetrically. All received data are statistically processed. In conclusion, recommendations for the use of the highest quality and optimal methods for determining the content of substances in the sage.
Correction of Metabolic Disorders in Diabetic Nephropathy in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Terekhova O. , Uzakov O.
Published: July 2020

The article presents data on the use of the drug ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursosan) for hepatomegaly and fatty hepatosis in children with diabetic nephropathy. 40 children were examined. Material treated by variational statistics Statistica for Windows v. 6.0. Use of preparations of ursodeoxycholic acid in addition to the basic treatment results in a significant improvement of clinical symptoms and lipid metabolism in children, as well as a favorable course of the main disease. It was noted positive clinical dynamics when using this drug.
Co-infection of Hepatitis A and Herpes Simplex Virus: A Case Report
Authors: Akhunbaev S. , Kutmanova A. , Gupta A.
Published: July 2020

Hepatitis A is a self-limiting disease where fulminant hepatitis and death occur in a small proportion of patients. Fulminant hepatic failure is more common in patients with underlying liver diseases, such as chronic hepatitis B and C, co-infection with more than one genotype of hepatitis A at the same time, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or alcoholic steatohepatitis, in advanced age and with dependence on intravenous drugs. We present a case of infection of hepatitis A and herpes simplex virus that lead to acute liver failure. In this rare case, the importance of attention to the first manifestations of the disease in diagnosing severe cases of hepatitis A in adults is emphasized. At the same time, HSV hepatitis can also be the cause of fulminant hepatic insufficiency. Therefore, patients with severe hepatitis A need an early examination for HSV infection, and empirical treatment with acyclovir should begin at early stage.
Safe Drilling Simultaneous Operation for Hydraulic Fracturing of Formation and Drilling on Multiple Well Platform
Authors: Gudoshnik E. , Ibragimov E. , Eremenko K.
Published: July 2020

The article discusses the specifics of conducting simultaneous hydraulic fracturing and drilling on a well pad. Describes the actions before starting work. Features of drilling and construction of wells. The causes of accidents and methods for preventing accidents and indicators during hydraulic fracturing and drilling are determined. Safety enhancements are proposed while carrying out work.
What criterion should define African philosophy
Authors: Bisong Peter Bisong
Published: July 2020

The question of what criterion is to be used to map out African from non-African philosophy has occupied the minds of scholars for some time now. The debate wax stronger and unfortunately, I am drafted to it now. My decision to join the debate is due to the perceived importance of getting the criterion for African philosophy right. A faulty criterion would amount to a weakened foundation for African philosophy. It would also set the stage for a bleak future for African philosophy. This research using the philosophical method of critical analysis, examined the many proposed criteria for African Philosophy and found them wanting and on the heels of that, set a criterion that would overcome their limitations.
Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence: towards conflict resolution and peace in Africa
Authors: Ulafor Onoh John
Published: July 2020

Gandhi's concept of nonviolence has a humanistic approach. He tried to change the very character of every Indian in the society where he lived. He said that man is basically a violent being, but gradually he can become non-violent if he desires. He recognizes that man is a conditional being and as such subject to the determination of the physical world. The ultimate end in man's life for Gandhi is realizing the Absolute. Pertinent to note that, Gandhi had spent quite some time in his tutelage in Southern Africa where his experiences impelled him to adopt non-violence as the only paradigm to overcome oppression and domination in his country India. British oppression and inhumanity were so severe and intensive that Gandhi was cautious about the use of violence, alternatively, he adopted non-violence to be the only imperative paradigm to dislodge the domination and inhumane treatment of the British against the Indians in South Africa. In this respect, I recommend Gandhi's non-violence principles as a fundamental paradigm towards peace in Africa. Peace in Africa is imperative for human and societal development especially as one sees Africa grappling with instabilities, insurgencies, terrorism, xenophobia, political upheavals, nepotism, and gender agitations. In this article, I recognize Gandhi’s postulations on non-violence as an initiative which if adopted and its dictates are adhered to, could enhance peace in Africa.
Padovan numbers which are palindromic concatenations of two distinct repdigits
Authors: Ddamulira Mahadi , Chalebgwa Taboka
Published: July 2020

In this paper we determine all Padovan numbers that are palindromic concatenations of two repdigits.
Method for consolidate representation of fossil objects dating
Authors: Yakushev D.I.
Published: July 2020

So far, methods of dating fossil objects have allowed us to obtain a large amount of data that characterize the moisturization of our planet’s areas during different time intervals. At the same time, in some cases, fossil objects contain information about the characteristics of the climate of the epoch of their existence. The available dating is scattered and does not allow us to get an overall picture of the changes occurred.
Therefore, the developed method of aggregate representation of dates is relevant. Scientific materials containing the desired dating are mainly presented on the Internet. Therefore, the target of the first stage is to identify the publications of interest. At the second stage, the dating found and its characteristics are summarized in table 1. At the third stage, the data in table 1 is converted to table 2, reflecting the change in the
moisture content of regions with a 100 years sampling interval. At the fourth stage, a simple rule is applied to exclude two multidirectional trends in each cell of table 2. As a result of exclusion, only unidirectional signs remain in each cell that qualitatively characterize the moisture content of the studied regions. It seems that the dating found in a significant minority should be questioned. However, cases in which the number
of exceptions exceeds the number of non-excluded characters require additional research. The proposed method is not limited either by the number of studies involved or by the dating methods used. The scientific novelty of the proposed method consists in the aggregate representation of known dating of fossil objects containing information about the characteristics of the climate of the epoch of its existence. The objectivity
of the results obtained is based on the use of a variety of independent dating of fossil objects obtained by different methods for different periods and regions. The reliability of the results obtained will increase with the number of dating involved in the analysis.
Influence of forest cutting down on runoff and nutrient removal from forest catchment of Karelia (according to mathematical modeling)
Authors: Kondratyev S.A. , Karpechko Yu.V. , Shmakova M.V.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of forestry activities on the runoff and nutrient removal from the forest catchments of Karelia using mathematical modeling. The catchment area of the Big Velmuksa river in Karelia with an area of about 139 km2
has been chosen as a research object. It is a part of the catchment of the Vodla river - one of the largest tributaries of Lake Onega. Almost the entire catchment area of the Big Velmuksa river is forested (94%). The main direction of economic activity in the forest catchment areas in Karelia, including the Big Velmuksa catchment, is cutting down and growing new forest. In this study a simple model of runoff and nutrient removal from the forest catchment has been proposed. The purpose of this model is to describe the dynamics of the studied processes both during the natural development of the forest and in the process of reforestation after cutting down. It is shown that when forestry activities are carried out in accordance with forestry regulations rules, significant changes in runoff and nutrient removal are not recorded. The obtained result is explained by the fact that the volume of cutting down is approximately equal to the volume of growth, the level of variation in runoff and removal of chemicals depending insignificantly on human forestry activities. In addition, a simulation of the effects of hypothetical cutting down of 50 and 100% of the forest area on an experimental catchment has been carried out, allowing to assess the interval of possible extreme changes in runoff and nutrient removal. The results show the increase in runoff from the catchment to be 48 mm / year and the decrease in nutrient removal - 14.3 tN / year and 0.35 tP / year after 100% deforestation. Subsequent reforestation and the associated increase in nitrogen and phosphorus removal will continue for about 80 years
On the correct use of mathematical constructions in physical models
Authors: Belevich M.
Published: July 2020

The physical limitations of the mathematical constructions used in developing or modifying mathematical models are discussed. All reasonings are illustrated by examples from fluid mechanics. The following topics are considered: means of description; correct approach to model modification and the physical meaning of model development stages. In the first case, the method of describing physical objects using numbers as well as corresponding restrictions are investigated, followed by developing general recommendations on procedures for modifying mathematical models of fluid dynamics. The well-known procedure of averaging the viscous fluid model equations to obtain the turbulent fluid model is used as an illustration. Since we are considering the models of physical phenomena, it is natural to provide physical interpretation for each stage of model development. Unfortunately, some of the transformations used are often treated as purely technical tricks, therefore denoting the lack of the physical meaning in such cases, which does not make a mathematical procedure unacceptable, but does mark out the model's place which requires reasonable interpretation. In this paper, we are considering two variants of this kind of interpretation, namely the case of using imaginary quantities, and the case of applying integral transformations. Meanwhile, all the above-mentioned restrictions are not always given due attention. Sometimes this leads to various undesirable consequences, including excessive task complication, implicit substitution of a declared problem with another one, or, finally, lack of solution to the formulated problem.
Faktor Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Online Marketplace Indonesia
Authors: William  , Aripradono Heru Wijayanto
Published: July 2020

Studi tentang faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen online di online marketplace dilakukan untuk mengukur bagaimana dampak faktor tersebut terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui signifikansi dari elemen-elemen pembentuk keputusan pembelian konsumen yang mencakup logistik digital, integritas online, desain website, pemasaran digital, dan alternatif kontak merek/vendor. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dikarenakan penelitian ini berupaya untuk menguji hipotesis terkait suatu fenomena dengan mengetahui hubungan dari faktor-faktor online marketplace apa saja yang memengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen online. Teknik yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah regresi berganda. Analisis Regresi Berganda digunakan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh variabel bebas yaitu: Logistik Digital (X1), Pemasaran Digital (X2), Integritas Online (X3), Alternatif Kontak Vendor/Merek (X4), dan Desain Website (X5) terhadap variabel terikat yaitu, keputusan pembelian konsumen online (Y). Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan dari lima variabel bebas yang diteliti, hanya variabel Integritas Online yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel terikat Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Online. Faktor yang paling dominan di dalam penelitian ini terkait Integritas Online adalah jaminan keamanan dalam transaksi dan pilihan alternatif pembayaran yang beragam, dimana >90% responden mengatakan setuju dan sangat setuju bahwa kedua faktor tersebut merupakan faktor yang penting dalam mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen secara online.
Pengembangan Sistem Student Relationship Management di Universitas Surabaya
Authors: Tanuwijaya Kristian , Liliana  , Soesanto Daniel
Published: July 2020

Industri komersial saat ini menerapkan teknik Customer Relationship Management (CRM) untuk mendapat berbagai keuntungan seperti menyediakan informasi pada pelanggan, meningkatkan loyalitas dan kepercayaan pelanggan, serta mempelajari perilaku pelanggan. Pendidikan dapat dipandang sebagai industri bidang jasa. Pada model tersebut, peran siswa dapat dipadankan dengan konsumen. Karenanya, ada peluang untuk menerapkan CRM dalam dunia pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian dilakukan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi student relationship management untuk Universitas Surabaya yang mencakup rekomendasi beasiswa dan acara, pengingat event, dan perekrutan panitia. Aplikasi yang dikembangkan menggunakan platform web dan pembuatan rekomendasi dilakukan dengan algoritma machine learning yaitu random forest, deep learning, dan stacked ensemble. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba dan validasi, aplikasi tersebut dapat membantu mahasiswa mengetahui informasi seperti beasiswa yang dapat diperoleh dan kegiatan yang dapat diikuti. Dengan demikian, ketika kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap layanan yang diberikan oleh universitas meningkat, maka hubungan baik antara penyedia jasa, dalam hal ini universitas, dan konsumennya, dalam hal ini mahasiswa, dapat dijaga.
Alleviation of doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity byClerodendrum volubileleaf extract in Wistar rats: A preliminary study
Authors: Molehin Olorunfemi Raphael
Published: July 2020

Introduction:Doxorubicin (DOX), a well-known chemotherapeutic drug, has been reported to induce numerous toxic side effects including renal toxicity. This preliminary study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effects of methanolic leaf extract ofClerodendrum volubile(MECV) against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.Methods:Thirty male rats were divided into five groups; (a) Control group: rats were given 0.9% NaCl as vehicle, (b) DOX group: a single dose of DOX (25 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered and the rats were sacrificed 4 days after DOX injection, (c-e) Methanolic extract of C. volubile (MECV)-treated DOX groups: rats were given MECV (at the doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/d), respectively for 12 consecutive days, 8 days before and 4 days after the DOX administration.Results:DOX injection caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in serum creatinine and urea levels. The levels of renal antioxidant parameters: glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in DOX-intoxicated rats with concomitant elevation of malondialdehyde level. Pretreatment with MECV restored antioxidant status, attenuated oxidative stress and improved kidney function markers. Pre-treatment with MECVprotected renal tissues against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity.Conclusion:The ameliorative effects ofC. volubileleaves on these renal biochemical parameters may be via its antioxidant action and may serve as a novel combination agent with DOX to limit its renal damage.
Battle between plants as antioxidants with free radicals in human body
Authors: Jamshidi-kia Fatemeh , Wibowo Joko Priyanto , Elachouri Mostafa , Masumi Rohollah , Salehifard-Jouneghani Alizamen , Abolhasanzadeh Zohreh , Lorigooini Zahra
Published: July 2020

Free radicals are constructed by natural physiological activities in the human cells as well as in the environment. They may be produced as a result of diet, smoking, exercise, inflammation, exposure to sunlight, air pollutants, stress, alcohol and drugs. Imbalanced redox status may lead to cellular oxidative stress, which can damage the cells of the body, resulting in an incidence of various diseases. If the endogenous antioxidants do not stop the production of reactive metabolites, they will be needed to bring about a balance in redox status. Natural antioxidants, for example plants, play an important part in this context. This paper seeks to report the available evidence about oxidative stress and the application of plants as antioxidant agents to fight free radicals in the human body. For this purpose, to better understand oxidative stress, the principles of free radical production, the role of free radicals in diseases, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the role of herbs and diet in oxidative stress are discussed.
Biological and chemical nitrogen fertilizer impact on cumin (Cuminum cyminum L) under different irrigation regimens
Authors: Pishva Zeynab-Kobra , Amini-Dehaghi Majid , Bostani Amir , Naji Amir-Mohammad
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Water and nitrogen deficits are the most important limiting factors for plant growth and crop production in the world. Drought stress would be amplified by the global warming. Moreover, nitrogen scarcity is occurred in most arid and semi-arid areas. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an important plant due to export benefits and low water demand. This study was aimed to evaluate nitrogen fertilizer effect on yield and some physiological characteristics of cumin under different irrigation regimens. Methods: The experiment was performed based on a split plot as randomized complete block design. Experiment treatments were irrigation regimens (field capacity, irrigation by draining 40% of soil water as middle stress, and irrigation by draining 80% of soil water as severe stress) and nitrogen fertilizers (60 kg ha-1 urea, 30 kg ha-1 urea, Nitroxin, and Nitroxin + 30 kg ha-1 urea). Results: Drought stress reduced cumin dry weight, seed yield, and chlorophyll content. In contrary, proline content, malondialdehyde (MDA) rate, phenol content, anthocyanin amount, and activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) increased by water stress. Increment urea use resulted in amending cumin growth and seed yield in the field capacity. Also, nitrogen use and raising its rate under the middle water stress caused to improve cumin drought tolerance. However, under the severe water stress, nitrogen application had not a significant impress on drought acclimation and seed yield. Conclusion: Nitroxin inoculation with use of 30 kg ha-1 urea was the most effective treatment to ameliorate seed yield and drought tolerance.
Antidiabetic and aldose reductase inhibitory potentials ofLand caltropsaqueous extract in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats
Authors: Vangalapati Bheemesh , Manjrekar Poornima A. , Hegde Anupama
Published: July 2020

Introduction:Diabetic retinopathy is a late stage complication in diabetic patients and one which dramatically affects quality of life. Persistent hyperglycemia results in sorbitol accumulation due to increased activity of aldose reductase (AR), which leads to changes in membrane permeability and leakage of glutathione (GSH) from the lens which in turn results in the development of cataract and retinopathy. Hence, the present study was designed to assess the effect ofTribulus terrestrison AR activity and GSH level in diabetic rat lens, random blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and insulin.Methods:Diabetes mellitus was induced by intra-peritoneal (i.p) injection of streptozotocinnicotinamide (STZ-NA). Animals were divided into 5 groups including normal controls (NC) treated with saline, untreated diabetic controls (DC),T. terrestris(150 and 300 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (500 µg/kg) treated diabetic rats. After 16 weeks of treatment, the rats were sacrificed, the lens was removed through posterior approach and homogenate was prepared for AR activity estimation. The lens tissue homogenate was prepared in normal saline for the estimation of GSH. Blood glucose was estimated by glucometer, HbA1c by nephelometry and insulin by ELISA kit.Results:AR activity was significantly reduced (P<0.004) inT. terrestris(both doses) treated groups compared to untreated diabetic controls. GSH levels were found significantly higher (P<0.005) in treated groups than the ones in diabetic controls. Glucose, HbA1c and insulin were significantly improved (P<0.004) in plant extract treated groups when compared to untreated diabetic rats.Conclusion:Tribulus terrestrisaqueous extract may be useful as AR inhibitor. It also has antioxidant and antidiabetic activities and thereby might be capable of controlling the hyperglycemia induced tissue damage.