bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of optical imaging depth using ultrasound-induced microbubbles for deep optical microscopy
Authors: Kim Jinwoo , Park Hyeongyu , Kim Haemin , Chang Jin Ho
Published: June 2024

Control of the ultrasound-induced gas bubble for deep optical microscopy can enable selective deep optical imaging. Changing the ultrasound operating frequency may be a solution for controlling the thickness of the bubble cloud.
In-Line Assessment of Immunotherapy Cell Cultures using Quantitative Oblique Back-illumination Microscopy
Authors: Filan Caroline , Costa Paloma Casteleiro , Wang Bryan , Kanwar Bharat , Wicker Brian , Bowles-Welch Annie , Balakirsky Stephen , Roy Krishnendu , Robles Francisco E.
Published: June 2024

Cell therapy is a promising approach to treat disease; however, monitoring cell cultures during expansion is a significant challenge that hampers quality and reproducible of the therapy. Here, we use qOBM to non-invasively monitor T-cell cultures to determine culture health and viability in-line.
Blood Flow Velocity in Skin Microvasculature by Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) at Two Different Acquisition Speeds
Authors: Ogien Jonas , Fuller Juliana , Dubois Arnaud , Tkaczyk Eric R. , Saknite Inga
Published: June 2024

LC-OCT enabled manual tracking of individual cell motion in the upper dermal microvessels. Blood flow velocity was on average 2.5 times higher (173 vs 70 µm/s) when measured at 40 vs 8 frames per second.
Development of a Multi-Slit based Non-Contact Portable In Vivo Confocal Ophthalmoscope for Corneal Imaging
Authors: Marcelino K. , Sugimura M. , Romero R. , Zhao J. , Konecny K. , Kim K. , Rajadhyaksha M. , Chidambaram J. , Kang D.
Published: June 2024

The current standard of care for diagnosing corneal ulcers involves corneal scrapes and multi-day waits for tissue pathogen culture development. We developed a multi-slit based portable in vivo confocal ophthalmoscope for high-speed, non-contact cornea imaging.
Image Reconstruction for Still Image Capture Using Wireless CMOS Imaging Device
Authors: Treepetchkul Thanaree , Siwadamrongpong Ronnakorn , Tan Renzo Roel P. , Takehara Hironari , Sunaga Yoshinori , Haruta Makito , Tashiro Hiroyuki , Sasagawa Kiyotaka , Ohta Jun
Published: June 2024

We introduce a wireless system for lensless imaging devices. By reconstructing the low-resolution image acquired by dividing the image into sub-pixel arrays, a high-resolution still image was acquired on a low-transfer rate system.
Automated Segmentation of Nucleus in Scattering-based Light Sheet Microscopy Images
Authors: Kim Yongjun , Zhao Jingwei , Nessaee Ameer , Lee Eungjoo , Liang Brooke , Khan Michelle , Yang Eric , Kang Dongkyun
Published: June 2024

Scattering-based light sheet microscopy (sLSM) could visualize nucleus that are readily appreciable by pathologists. We developed an algorithm that automatically segments sLSM images for nucleus, which could be used for quantitative morphometric analysis.
Polarization-resolved Second Harmonic Generation quantification of the uterine cervix remodeling process
Authors: Ramella-Roman Jessica C. , Mahendroo Mala , Raoux Clothilde , Latour Gaël , Schanne-Klein Marie-Claire
Published: June 2024

We have utilized Polarization Resolved Second Harmonic Generation to image the remodeling uterine cervix in a murine model. We have developed a fully automatic and unbiased process to quantify collagen remodeling at the pixel level (420 nm). We observe a distinct change in collagen fiber arrangement between days 12 and 15 of pregnancy.
Label-free microscopy for biophysical and biochemical profiling of live organoids
Authors: Coughlan Mark F. , Khan Umar , Upputuri Paul K. , Zhang Xuejun , Zakharov Yuri N. , Zhang Lei , Qiu Le , Perelman Lev T.
Published: June 2024

Organoids are a simplified version of an organ produced in vitro in three dimensions. CLASS microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, two complementary label-free techniques, can be used for comprehensive non-destructive profiling of live organoids.
Utilizing Quantitative Phase Microscopy to Localize Fluorescence Imaging Using the Transport of Intensity Equation
Authors: Gupta Deven K. , Highland Trey , Miller David A. , Wax Adam
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate the use of quantitative phase microscopy to localize defocused fluorescent images with the transport of intensity equation. Specifically, we demonstrate a technique for digitally refocusing images from three-dimensional cell cultures.
Photoacoustic Viscoelasticity Can Differentiate Tumors from Normal Tissues; A Computationally Modelling Analysis on Breast Tissue
Authors: Hosseindokht Zahra , Kolahdouz Mohammadreza , Sasanpour Pezhman
Published: June 2024

Based on the challenges in non-invasive detection of tumors in early stages, we proposed photoacoustic viscoelasticity system and evaluated its performance computationally in COMSOL. The results revealed appropriate capability for breast cancer detection.
Combining spectral domain and full field optical coherence tomography for macro-to-micro in vitro imaging
Authors: Azzollini Salvatore , Monfort Tual , Norberg Nate , Thouvenin Olivier , Grieve Kate
Published: June 2024

We present a novel approach combining dynamic spectral domain and dynamic full field OCT coupled to a commercial microscope. We show the custom-made setup built and we introduce the possible applications in high content screening.
CD-aware non-orthogonal DFT-precoding for C-band IM/DD multicarrier signals over a 50-km dispersion-uncompensated link
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Lu Liwang , Tan Heyun , Lau Alan Pak Tao , Lu Chao
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a chromatic-dispersion-aware non-orthogonal discrete Fourier transform precoding (CDA-NODFTP) scheme is proposed for CD-constrained intensity-modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) multicarrier-signal transmission systems. The performance of the proposed CDA-NODFTP scheme is experimentally evaluated and compared with conventional DFTP and NODFTP schemes over a 50-km C-band dispersion-uncompensated link, utilizing 90-Gb/s orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) signals. Experimental results show that the proposed CDA-NODFTP with adaptive spectral compression outperforms conventional DFTP, NODFTP, and the non-precoding schemes in terms of bit error rate (BER) performance. Moreover, based on CD response only, the CDA-NODFTP-FBMC exhibits superior performance compared to both CDA-NODFTP-OFDM and adaptive bit and power loading (ABPL) FBMC, achieving receiver sensitivity improvements of over 2 dB at a BER of 3.8 × 10−3.
Compact actively Q-switched Nd:YVO4/YVO4 Raman laser at 1525 nm with frequency up to 150 kHz
Authors: Chen Yung-Fu , Hsu Yu-Hsin , Lin Song-Qing , Liu Dai-Jun , Liang Hsing-Chih
Published: June 2024

We develop a compact high-frequency actively Q-switched Nd:YVO4/YVO4 Raman laser at 1525 nm. The mode size stability and the mode overlapping are numerically analyzed to craft the resonator. Experimental results reveal that the compact cavity and the cavity dumping effect lead to the considerable narrowing of the pulse width. In addition, the quality factor of the cavity is significantly strengthened by using the YVO4 Raman crystal with a dichroic coating to minimize the scattering and absorption losses for the Stokes wave. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of the gate-on time of the Q-switcher on the output performance. Under the optimal condition, the average output power can be generally greater than 4.2 W at the pump power of 26 W for the repetition rate within 50-150 kHz, and the corresponding optical efficiency higher than 16.1%. The maximum peak powers can reach 53 kW and 25 kW for the repetition rates of 50 kHz and 100 kHz, respectively.
Annular optical trapping of metallic nanoparticles using the azimuthally polarized beam
Authors: Guo Linquan , Liang Yansheng , Yun Xue , He Minru , Zhao Tianyu , Wang Shaowei , Lei Ming
Published: June 2024

The unique physical and chemical properties make metallic nanoparticles promising for broad applications in many fields. Exploring the dynamics of metallic nanoparticles in optical traps is crucial for exploiting optical tweezers to advance the applications of metallic particles. In this paper, we present a detailed study of the annular optical trapping of gold nanoparticles with azimuthal polarization. Theoretical analysis based on the T-matrix method shows that the gold nanoparticles experience optical forces pointing to the equilibrium position along the radial direction, while there is no force along the azimuthal direction at this equilibrium position. Therefore, a tightly focused azimuthally polarized beam captures gold nanoparticles in an annular region. Experimental measurements of the motion trajectory of the confined gold nanoparticles reveal a donut profile consistent with the theoretical predictions. Our work reported in this paper is expected to deepen our understanding of the interactions between metallic nanoparticles and light and promote the application of metallic nanoparticles.
High energy, frequency stabilized three-wavelength lasers in space for ACDL on AEMS
Authors: ma xiuhua , Li shiguang , Zhou Cuiyun , Wang Mingjian , Yu Zhenzhen , Chen Dijun , Li Rui , Zang Huaguo , Liu Jiqiao , Hou Xia , Chen Weibiao , Zhu Xiaolei
Published: June 2024

A high energy, frequency stabilized three-wavelength laser was developed for spaceborne aerosol and Carbon Detection Lidar (ACDL) on Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Satellite (AEMS). The laser utilized fiber-bulk hybrid amplifier and cascaded OPO/OPA/SHG for the first time in space. Pulse energy of 45mJ, 185mJ and 135mJ for 1572nm,1064nm and 532nm respectively, 20Hz repetition rate(double pulse with interval 200us), as well as frequency stability better than 0.41MHz(rms) and linewidth of 23MHz for 1572nm, were simultaneously emitted from the laser. The laser continuously operating in orbit more than 15 months has been validated. To the best of our knowledge, there are the highest output pulse energy, the largest number of wavelengths, excellent long-term frequency stability and narrower linewidth from the laser system for lidar applications in space.
High-Q transparency band and high optical sensitivity of all dielectric THz metasurface based on bound state in the continuum
Authors: Xie Suxia , Guan Xin , Sun Siyi , Shen Weiwei
Published: June 2024

Bound state in the continuum (BIC), as a novel eigenmode with infinitely high quality factor (Q-factor), has received great attention in modern optical science. We design a metasurface composed of two rods and a square ring in one lattice in the terahertz band. Three symmetry-protected BICs are observed of the composed metasurface, in which two BICs come from the rods resonator and one is deserved from the square ring resonator. It demonstrates that the number of the BICs in the considered waveband can be regulated by these resonators in one lattice []of the metasurface and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) appears when the quasi-BIC (q-BIC) coupling to the leaky mode coincidentally. Furtherly, we can modulate the center frequencies of both these BICs and the leaky mode by adjusting structural parameters. Especially, dual-EITs and an interference BIC are formed of the composed metasurface by adjusting the distance between two resonators in one lattice. Additionally, the sensitivity and group index of the metasurface reach a very high level, these results are helpful in the development of the terahertz optical device.
In-vivo fluorescence lifetime tomography for detection and quantification of programmed death ligand-1
Authors: Pal Rahul , Krishnamoorthy Murali , Matsui Aya , Morita Satoru , Taniguchi Hajime , Kang Homan , Choi Hak Soo , Duda Dan G. , Kumar Anand T.N.
Published: June 2024

Cancer immunotherapy relies on PD-L1 expression, often assessed through immunohistochemistry, offering limited insights. In-vivo fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging, utilizing PD-L1-targeted probes, provides quantitative estimates of PD-L1 heterogeneity across tumors, showing promise for clinical translation of FLT imaging.
Impact of the β Correction Factor on the Accuracy of Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging Measurements
Authors: Makeeva Nataliya , Crouzet Christian , Phan Thinh , Choi Bernard
Published: June 2024

We investigate a method for correcting laser speckle imaging (LSI) measurements, enabling consistent Speckle Flow Index (SFI) comparison across LSI systems. Implementing β correction significantly reduces SFI differences in identical samples analyzed with different setups.
Ultrasound-Guided Breath Compensation for Whole-Body Photoacoustic Imaging of Small Animals In Vivo
Authors: Lee Haeni , Han Seongyi , Kye Hyunjun , Song Yuon , Ninjbadgar Tsedendamba , Kim Jeesu
Published: June 2024

From the structural information of ultrasound images, we compensated the respiratory distortions in photoacoustic images. The volumetric hemoglobin oxygen saturation maps in whole-body mice were successfully visualized.
Optically Super-resolved InfraRed Imaging micro-Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) – Consistent Contrast for Chemical Visualization
Authors: Huffman T.J. , Furstenberg Robert , Kendziora Christopher A. , McGill R.A.
Published: June 2024

We present a microscopy technique for chemical tomography with high spatial resolution (~100 nm). Unlike prior approaches, the imaging modality and instrument hardware strive to enable the extraction of the chemical makeup of the sample as well as the infrared spectrum of each chemical component.
Skin Color Classification by Deep Learning and Traditional Thresholding Techniques during NIR Imaging
Authors: Leizaola Daniela , Vedere Nikhil , Sinclair Shelly , Kaile Kacie , Trinidad Alex L. , Wu Wensong , Hamrani Abderrachid , Kirsner Robert , Godavarty Anuradha
Published: June 2024

Skin color impacts the accuracy of the calculated tissue oxygenation maps with our inhouse NIR optical imager. Skin color was classified by FST using deep learning and thresholding techniques to allow for appropriate color corrections.
Bioluminescence tomography-guided system for pre-clinical pancreatic cancer radiation research
Authors: Deng Zijian , Xu Xiangkun , Reyes Juvenal , Wang Ken Kang-Hsin
Published: June 2024

We innovated bioluminescence tomography(BLT)-guided system for orthotopic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) radiotherapy research. Our BLT localized PDAC with 1.25±0.19mm accuracy. BLT-guided conformal plan covered 100% of tumor with limited normal tissue involvement, consistent across inter-fraction case.
Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy Based Differentiation Between Healthy and Infected Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) in Meningitis
Authors: Bharti Kartikeya , Talukdar Pranab Jyoti , Lahiri Pooja , Lahiri Basudev
Published: June 2024

We have projected Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for differentiation of normal CSF from bacterial, fungal and viral meningitis CSF. Changes were observed in polysaccharide region (1119/ 1142 cm-1) in bacterial and fungal meningitis indicating signals from ultrastructure of streptococcus pneumoniae and candida albicans. In viral meningitis, phospholipids have shown major changes at 1443 cm-1. Also, Amide III decreased in diseased states while Amide I was significantly raised when compared to normal CSF.
Laser-Induced Fluorescence Combined with Artificial Neural Network for the Identification of Liver Tissue Coagulation
Authors: Hamdy Omnia , Abdel-Salam Zienab , Abdel-Harith Mohamed
Published: June 2024

Coagulated liver was distinguished from normal liver based on the difference in its fluorescence emission. The experimentally measured data was evaluated using an artificial neural network providing a 99%-differentiation accuracy rate for all data sets.
Back-Propagation Neural Network-Based Guidance Algorithm for Photo-Magnetic Imaging
Authors: Algarawi Maha , Saraswatula Janaki S. , Shah Gyanesh , Pathare Rajas Rajendra , Erkol Hakan , Gulsen Gultekin , Nouizi Farouk
Published: June 2024

Photomagnetic imaging (PMI) employs near-infrared light to irradiate tissue and measures the induced temperature using MR thermometry (MRT). The MRT maps are then converted into absorption maps using a dedicated reconstruction algorithm. Here, we present an AI-based method to directly detect tumor boundaries from these MRT maps and use them as soft-a-priori in the standard PMI algorithm. Tests on phantoms showed a nine-fold image reconstruction acceleration, reducing artifacts by 15%, absorption reconstruction error ~2%.
Towards High-Quality Fluorescence DOT (fDOT) Reconstruction of Bioreactors Using UNet
Authors: Cao Jiaming , Gorecki Jon , Rowlands Christopher J , Dehghani Hamid
Published: June 2024

A two-step fDOT reconstruction algorithm is developed where classical reconstruction is followed by UNet-based artifact removal. The approach is evaluated for improved quantitative accuracy as applied for high-quality cell growth monitoring within bioreactors.
Increasing acquisition speed and spatial resolution in Optically Super-resolved Infrared Imaging micro-Spectroscopy (OSIRIS)
Authors: Furstenberg Robert , Huffman T.J. , Kendziora Christopher A. , McGill R.A.
Published: June 2024

We are developing a novel infrared microscopy technique for label-free chemical imaging and tomography with high spatial resolution (~100 nm). We explore means to increase speed and resolution by exploiting temporal and spatial information.
Integrated Phase Resolved Optical Coherence Tomography and Laser Speckle Imaging for Enhanced Cerebral Blood Flow Analysis in Mice under Hypercapnic Stress
Authors: He Wenqi , Crouzet Christian , Qiu Saijun , Zhang Fengyi , Choi Bernald , Chen Zhongping
Published: June 2024

Cerebral blood flow dynamics are crucial in understanding neurovascular disease. Here, we developed an integrated imaging system combining Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI), offering detailed insights into cerebrovascular hemodynamic changes.
A Multi-Atlas Machine Learning Approach for Automated Segmentation of Widefield Optical Imaging in Mice
Authors: Fisher Hayden B. , Yuan Aurora , White Brian R.
Published: June 2024

Widefield optical imaging segmentation is traditionally performed with a single baseline false-color or fluorescence image. We propose and evaluate a novel segmentation approach, retaining individual wavelength information for use in a multi-atlas machine learning model.
Improved Sensitivity and Imaging Speeds of Fluorescent Imaging Using Silicon Photomultipliers
Authors: Giacomelli Michael G.
Published: June 2024

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are the standard for high sensitivity detection of fluorescence signals, but are costly, fragile, and have limited quantum efficiency. Newer detectors based on silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) technology can greatly improve sensitivity and imaging rates while being tiled for parallel detection. The advantages and utilization of silicon photomultiplier technology for high sensitivity and high-speed imaging are reviewed.
Inverse Modeling Approach for Fetal Oxygen Saturation Estimation with Spatial Intensity
Authors: Joarder Rishad , Yang Weijian , Srinivasan Vivek J , Ghiasi Soheil
Published: June 2024

Non-invasive fetal saturation prediction is challenging. We propose a multi-detector, inverse modeling, ML based approach. Trained on a large simulated simple tissue model dataset, our generalized NN can estimate simulation parameters given the simulation results. Our model achieves a 9.2% overall validation MSE for tissue model parameters.
Building a Framework for Quantitatively Assessing Widefield Diffuse Optical Tomography Pattern Selections
Authors: Ragunathan Rahul , Mireles Miguel , Xu Edward , Fang Qianqian
Published: June 2024

We investigate metrics for assessing the performance and choices of wide-field patterns in diffuse optical tomography. The performance of a pattern-set is found to be related to its susceptibility to tissue scattering and measurement noise.
Construction of Statistical Scalp-Cortex Correlation Atlas and Representation Using Augmented Reality as Optode Positioning of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Obata Takayuki , Okada Eiji
Published: June 2024

A statistical scalp-cortex correlation atlas was constructed from the non-deformed head anatomy of multiple subjects. The atlas is superimposed on a real-time video of an adult head using augmented reality to attach optodes above regions-of-interest.
Measurement of renal blood flow in a rat model using diffuse correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Nakabayashi Mikie , Ono Yumie
Published: June 2024

We measured the renal blood flow in a rat model of type 2 diabetes using diffuse correlation spectroscopy to investigate its diagnostic potential for evaluating renal damage.
Infant Mice Receiving Fractionated Whole-brain Radiation Exhibit Functional Network Disorganization as Adults
Authors: Zhu Jiantao , Seitzman Benjamin A. , Reynoso Franciso J. , Mitchell Timothy J. , Bice Annie R. , Padawer-Curry Jonah A. , Wang Xiaodan , Perkins Stephanie M. , Bauer Adam Q.
Published: June 2024

Infant (p21) mice were subjected to fractionated whole-brain radiotherapy (RT) then evaluated several months later using wide-field optical imaging. While RT broadly altered functional network organization, the largest effects occurred within higher-order cognitive regions.
Statistics of Scattering Events during Photon Migration inside a Diffuse Medium
Authors: Spinelli Lorenzo , Maffeis Giulia , Amendola Caterina , Farina Andrea , Torricelli Alessandro , Pifferi Antonio , Sassaroli Angelo , Fanelli Duccio , Tommasi Federico , Martelli Fabrizio
Published: June 2024

We study the statistics of scattering events occurring along the trajectories travelled by photons in a diffuse media: insight is gained about the possibility of scattering scaling in Monte Carlo simulations.
Sunglasses: Analysis of Ultraviolet Influx through the Pupil
Authors: Masili Mauro , Duarte Fernanda O. , Ventura Liliane
Published: June 2024

A study challenges that sunglasses without proper shielding increase ultraviolet exposure, finding pupil dilation minimally impacts UV influx; field of view surpasses pupil size by 314.3%. Sunglasses with UV-A protection below 86% may pose risk.
Efficient signal extraction for diffuse correlation spectroscopy with SPAD arrays at low photon regimes
Authors: Wu Melissa M. , Kreiss Lucas , Wayne Michael A. , Robinson Mitchell B. , Bruschini Claudio , Charbon Edoardo , Horstmeyer Roarke
Published: June 2024

SPAD arrays have shown potential for improving SNR for diffuse correlation spectroscopy in low photon regimes. Here, we will explore different methods of integrating parallelized DCS signals in such regimes for deep blood flow extraction.
Dynamic near-infrared fluorescence imaging of CSF outflow in non-human primates
Authors: Zhu Banghe , Hendricks Jonathan , Morton Janelle E. , Rasmussen John C. , Janssen Christopher , Shah Manish N. , Sevick-Muraca Eva Marie
Published: June 2024

In this study, we perform near-infrared fluorescence tomography and imaging to non-invasively visualize cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics in non-human primates, demonstrating the feasibility of imaging CSF in the pediatric population with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
Quantitative Birefringence Microscopy for Evaluating the Relationship Between Markers of Alzheimer's Disease and the Structure of Anterior Cerebral Arteries
Authors: Bradsby Mikayla , Downs Margaret , Halvorsen Samuel , Rivera Jorge , Zhang Katherine , Bigio Irving
Published: June 2024

Here we use quantitative birefringence microscopy to examine the relationship between structural changes to cerebral arteries and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.
Measurements of human cerebral blood flow changes with speckle contrast optical spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Byungchan , Cheng Tom Y. , Zimmermann Bernhard B. , Robinson Mitchell B. , Renna Marco , Carp Stefan A. , Franceschini Maria Angela , Boas David A. , Cheng Xiaojun
Published: June 2024

We have developed the fiber-based speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (SCOS) system to measure human cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain functions, and demonstrated that SCOS outperforms traditional diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) systems.
Analysis of Crystalline Lens Alterations after Death Using Two-Photon Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Bueno Juan M. , Martínez-Ojeda Rosa M. , Pérez-Cárceles María D.
Published: June 2024

The combination of two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging microscopy and a set of objective parameters has been used to explore changes in the crystalline lens as a function of the postmortem interval.
Endoscopic Photon Time-of-flight System for Monitoring Chemotherapy Response
Authors: Yavari Hasti , Kothuri Suraj Kumar , Lanka Pranav , Andersson-Engels Stefan , Sekar Sanathana Konugolu Venkata
Published: June 2024

We present a hybrid micro-camera time of flight endoscopy system to assess tumor response both superficially and deep below the mucosa layer. System design and preliminary results are presented.
Real-time, In-vivo, Volumetric Skin Imaging Using Quantitative Oblique Back-illumination Microscopy
Authors: Bharadwaj Srinidhi , Guang Zhe , Li Zhenmin , Costa Paloma Casteleiro , Chen Richard , Robles Francisco
Published: June 2024

Currently, dermatologic diagnosis requires lengthy histopathologic analysis, elongating a patient’s time to diagnosis. We present quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy (qOBM) as a label-free, low-cost, compact solution providing real-time epider-mal diagnostic information at the dermatologist’s bedside.
Monitoring cerebral autoregulation and hemodynamics over the evolution of cerebral edema in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Martínez-García Jacqueline , Aguilera-Simón Ana , Camps-Renom Pol , Ezcurra Garbiñe , Fajardo-Vega Carolina , Fischer Jonas , Gallego-Fabrega Cristina , Guasch-Jiménez Marina , Izura-Gómez Marta , Kobayashi-Frisk Lisa , Lambea-Gil Álvaro , Marín-Bueno Rebeca , Martínez-Domeño Alejandro , Morán-Chorro Indalecio , Prats-Sánchez Luis , Ramos-Pachón Anna , Sánchez-Fernández Juan José , Zanoletti Marta , Martí-Fabregas Joan , Durduran Turgut
Published: June 2024

Chronological and evolutive study of the impact of perihematomal edema in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage using a hybrid diffuse optical device combining DCS and TRS.
Multimodal Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging and Optical Coherence Elastography for Mesoscopic Structural, Biomechanical, and Molecular Imaging
Authors: Chavez Luis , Gao Shan , Pandey Vikas , Yuan Nanxue , Li Jiayue , Hepburn Matt S. , Smith Percy , Edelheit Caroline , Corr David T. , Kennedy Brendan F. , Intes Xavier
Published: June 2024

We report on a methodology to manufacture multimodal phantoms with fluorescence lifetime imaging and optical coherence elastography contrasts. Phantom validation demonstrates the ability to tune fluorescence and strain properties in 3D using biologically relevant matrices.
Quantifying the Interaction between Age and Diabetes on Skin Wound Metabolism Using In Vivo Multiphoton Microscopy
Authors: Rodriguez Marcos R. , Nidhi Malavika , Gollapalli Divya M. , Quinn Kyle P.
Published: June 2024

Through longitudinal, in vivo label-free multiphoton microscopy, an optical redox ratio of FAD/(NADH+FAD) autofluorescence demonstrated how diabetes and advanced age affect skin metabolism during the stages of wound healing.
Patient-specific arterial input function for accurately assessing intraoperative bone blood perfusion
Authors: Tang Yue , Gitajn Ida Leah , Cao Xu , Elliott Jonathan T. , Sottosanti Joseph S. , Bateman Logan M. , Malskis Bethany S. , Fisher Lillian A. , Henderson Eric R. , Jiang Shudong
Published: June 2024

Arterial input functions obtained from 110 patients were applied in a simulation study to evaluate the accuracy of kinetic parameters critical for perfusion assessment during open orthopedic surgeries with indocyanine green-based dynamic contrast-enhanced fluorescence imaging.
A dual-camera device for continuous monitoring of endotracheal tube displacement
Authors: Lu Tongtong , Khampang Pawjai , Beydoun Ahmed , Berezovsky Anna , Rhode Rebecca , Hong Wenzhou , Kerschner Joseph E. , Yu Bing
Published: June 2024

Accidental endotracheal tube (ETT) displacement can cause moderate to severe complications or fatality. Timely ETT position monitoring and correction is crucial. We present a near-infrared (NIR) and visible dual-camera device for continuous monitoring of ETT.
High Resolution Microendoscope with Extended Imaging Depth for In Vivo Cancer Detection
Authors: Hou Huayu , Kortum Alex , Carns Jennifer , Schwarz Richard A. , Richards-Kortum Rebecca R.
Published: June 2024

We developed a low-cost, portable microendoscope to characterize abnormal microvascular changes for cancer detection. High spatial resolution in a large depth range in tissue can be achieved by using miniature probes with different imaging depths.
Assessing Progressive Microvascular Dysfunction in Early Sepsis with Non-invasive Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Eskandari Rasa , Milkovich Stephanie , Kamar Farah , Welsh Donald G. , Goldman Daniel , Ellis Christopher G. , Diop Mamadou
Published: June 2024

Peripheral microvascular dysfunction is an early indicator of sepsis, a life-threatening host response to an infection. Peripheral and cerebral microvascular oscillations were continuously monitored in septic rats with non-invasive optical spectroscopy to detect impaired vasomotion.
Arthrospira platensis nanoparticles dietary supplementation improves growth performance, steroid hormone balance, and reproductive productivity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock
Authors: Mabrouk Mohamed M. , Ashour Mohamed , Younis Elsayed M. , Abdel-Warith Abdel-Wahab A. , Bauomi Mohamed A. , Toutou Mohamed M. , Mansour Ahmed I. A. , Abdelaty Basem S. , Elokaby Mohamed A. , Davies Simon J. , El-Haroun Ehab , Gwida Ahmed G. A.
Published: June 2024

This study evaluates the impact of dietary supplementation of the blue-green alga Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003 nanoparticles (AN) on the growth performance, whole-body biochemical compositions, blood biochemistry, steroid hormonal, and fry production efficiency of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock, during the spawning season. After a 21-day preparation period to equip the females and ensure that their ovaries were filled with eggs, mating between the mature females and males took place in a 3:1 ratio during a 14-day spawning cycle. A total of 384 tilapia broodstock 288 females and 96 males with an initial body weight of 450.53±0.75, were divided into four groups; AN0: a basal diet as a control group with no supplementation of Arthrospira platensis, and the other three groups (AN2, AN4, and AN6) were diets supplemented with nanoparticles of A. platensis at levels of 2, 4, and 6 g kg─1 diet, respectively. The results found that fish-fed group AN6 showed the highest significant differences in weight gain (WG), final weight (FW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and feed efficiency ratio (FER). Females fed the AN6 diet showed the highest significant fat content. Compared to the AN0 group, fish fed on the supplemented diets showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in triglyceride, glucose, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). A gradual increase in AN inclusion level resulted in a gradual increase in the concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin. The rates (%) of increase in fry production for females fed supplemented diets were 10.5, 18.6, and 32.2% for AN2, AN4, and AN6, respectively, compared to the control group. This work concluded that the inclusion levels of 6 g kg─1 of A. platensis nanoparticles in the diet of Nile tilapia broodstock significantly improved the growth performances, steroid hormone concentrations, and increased the fry production efficiency by 32.2%, respectively. These findings revealed that A. platensis nanoparticles resulted in a significantly enhanced female’ reproductive productivity of Nile tilapia broodstock.
Gender inequality in work location, childcare and work-life balance: Phase-specific differences throughout the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yerkes Mara A. , Besamusca Janna , van der Zwan Roos , André Stéfanie , Remery Chantal , Peeters Ilse
Published: June 2024

Objective

Much research on the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the unequal impact on men and women in many countries but empirical evidence on later stages of the pandemic remains limited. The objective of this paper is to study differences between men and women in work location, the relative division of childcare, and perceived work-life balance across and throughout different phases of the pandemic using six waves of probability-based survey data collected in the Netherlands between April 2020 and April 2022 (including retrospective pre-pandemic measures).

Method

The study used descriptive methods (longitudinal crosstabulations) and multivariate modelling (cross-sectional multinomial logits, with and without moderators) in a repeated cross-sectional design.

Results

Results suggest the pandemic is associated with several phase-specific differences between men and women in where they worked and their relative division of childcare in the Netherlands. Men were less likely than women to work fully from home at the start of each lockdown and to work on location during the first lockdown. Amongst parents, fathers increased their share of childcare throughout the first phase of the pandemic, and this increase remains visible at the end of the pandemic. Women in the Netherlands did not experience worse work-life balance than men throughout the pandemic, but mothers did experience worse work-life balance than fathers at various points during the pandemic.

Discussion

Our results suggest varying long-term implications for gender inequality in society. Gender differences in work location raise concerns about the possible longer-term impact on gender inequalities in career development. Our findings on childcare suggest that many households have experienced different divisions of childcare at different stages of the pandemic, with some potential for longer-term change.

Conclusion

Inequalities between men and women in work, childcare, and wellbeing have neither been alleviated by nor unilaterally worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Measurement and spatio-temporal heterogeneity analysis of coupling coordination between development of digital economy and agricultural carbon emission performance
Authors: Wang Haisong , Wu Yuhuan , Zhu Ning
Published: June 2024

The new development pattern has identified two key avenues for the sustained advancement of high-quality agricultural and rural development: digitalisation and low-carbon development. The measurement of the digital economy and the agricultural carbon emission performance, and their spatial and temporal heterogeneity, is a crucial step in promoting the spatial coordination and sustainable development of digitalisation and low-carbon agriculture. This paper employs the entropy value method, SBM model, and coupling coordination degree model to investigate the coupling coordination measurement and spatial-temporal heterogeneity of the performance of the digital economy and agricultural carbon emissions. The data used are provincial panel data from 2013 to 2021. The simulation results demonstrate that, between 2013 and 2021, the digital economy of all provinces exhibited varying degrees of growth, yet the development of the digital economy between provinces exhibited a more pronounced tendency to diverge. Concurrently, the agricultural carbon emission efficiency in China exhibited a fluctuating upward trend. The development of the digital economy and the efficiency of agricultural carbon emission were found to be highly coupled. Their coupling and coordination relationship showed a downward trend followed by an upward trend. In general, it is suggested that we should increase investment in digital economy infrastructure and technology, promote digital agricultural applications, strengthen policy guidance and financial support, establish a coupling coordination mechanism and strengthen farmers’ digital literacy and environmental awareness.
Herbivore and pollinator body size effects on strawberry fruit quality
Authors: Salzberg Annika Leigh , Grab Heather , Hale Casey , Poveda Katja
Published: June 2024

Land use change affects both pollinator and herbivore populations with consequences for crop production. Recent evidence also shows that land use change affects insect traits, with intraspecific body size of pollinators changing across landscape gradients. However, the consequences on crop production of trait changes in different plant interactors have not been well-studied. We hypothesized that changes in body size of key species can be enough to affect crop productivity, and therefore looked at how the field-realistic variation in body size of both an important pollinator, Bombus impatiens (Cresson), and a key pest herbivore, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot), can affect fruit size and damage in strawberry. First, we determined if pests vary in body size along land use gradients as prior studies have documented for pollinators; and second, we tested under controlled conditions how the individual and combined changes in size of an important pollinator and a key herbivore pest affect strawberry fruit production. The key herbivore pest was smaller in landscapes with more natural and semi-natural habitat, confirming that herbivore functional traits can vary along a land use gradient. Additionally, herbivore size, and not pollinator size, marginally affected fruit production—with plants exposed to larger pests producing smaller fruits. Our findings suggest that land use changes at the landscape level affect crop production not just through changes in the species diversity of insect communities that interact with the plant, but also through changes in body size traits.
A meta-analysis of elevated O3 effects on herbaceous plants antioxidant oxidase activity
Authors: Zhao Yi , Guo Bing , Liu Zhouli , Wang Xiaohan , Xiao Guangmin , Bol Roland
Published: June 2024

Increases in near-surface ozone (O3) concentrations is a global environmental problem. High-concentration O3 induces stress in plants, which can lead to visible damage to plants, reduced photosynthesis, accelerated aging, inhibited growth, and can even plant death. However, its impact has not been comprehensively evaluated because of the response differences between individual plant species, environmental O3 concentration, and duration of O3 stress in plants. We used a meta-analysis approach based on 31 studies 343 observations) to examine the effects of elevated O3 on malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities in herbaceous plants. Globally, important as they constitute the majority of the world’s food crops. We partitioned the variation in effect size found in the meta-analysis according to the presence of plant species (ornamental herb, rice, and wheat), O3 concentration, and duration of O3 stress in plants. Our results showed that the effects of elevated O3 on plant membrane lipid peroxidation depending on plant species, O3 concentration, and duration of O3 stress in plants. The wheat SOD and POD activity was significantly lower compared to the herbs and rice (P<0.01). The SOD activity of all herbaceous plants increased by 34.6%, 10.5%, and 26.3% for exposure times to elevated O3 environments of 1–12, 13–30, and 31–60 days, respectively. When the exposure time was more than 60 days, SOD activity did not increase but significantly decreased by 12.1%. However, the POD activity of herbaceous plants increased by 30.4%, 57.3%, 21.9% and 5.81%, respectively, when exposure time of herbaceous plants in elevated O3 environment was 1–12, 13–30, 31–60 and more than 60 days. Our meta-analysis revealed that (1) rice is more resistant to elevated O3 than wheat and ornamental herbs likely because of the higher activity of antioxidant components (e.g., POD) in the symplasts, (2) exposure to elevated O3 concentrations for >60 days, may result in antioxidant SOD lose its regulatory ability, and the antioxidant component POD in the symplast is mainly used to resist O3 damage, and (3) the important factors affected the activity of SOD and POD in plants were not consistent: the duration of O3 stress in plants was more important than plant species and O3 concentration for SOD activity. However, for POD activity, plant species was the most important factor.
HIV infection and ART use are associated with altered plasma clot characteristics in Black South Africans
Authors: Bakali Shams , de Lange-Loots Zelda , Jordaan Anine , Pieters Marlien
Published: June 2024

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretroviral treatment (ART) are both associated with hypercoagulability. Altered clot properties could be a potential mechanism thereof. We aimed to investigate the association of HIV and ART, with fibrinogen and plasma clot properties in a group of Black South Africans.

Methods

At baseline, 151 newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLWH) and 176 controls were recruited. Some PLWH subsequently commenced with ARTs (n = 70) while others remained ART-naïve (n = 81). Fibrinogen and clot properties (turbidity assay) were investigated from baseline to 5-year follow-up. A sub-group of 21 women (n = 10 ART-treated; n = 11 ART-naïve) with HIV was systematically selected and matched with 12 controls, and additional clot properties (rheometry, permeability and fibre diameter) were investigated.

Results

Fibrinogen was lower in the HIV groups compared to the controls, while % γ‘ fibrinogen was higher. PLWH had shorter lag times and lower maximum absorbance than the controls (p<0.05). Their CLTs on the other hand were longer. Most variables increased over time in all groups, but differences in the degree of change over time was observed for lag time (p = 0.024) and permeability (p = 0.03). Participants who commenced with ART had a tendency of delayed clot formation (p = 0.08) and increased clot permeability (p = 0.005).

Conclusion

PLWH had lower total fibrinogen concentration and formed less dense clots. They also formed clots that were more difficult to lyse, which likely not resulted from altered clot properties. ART use (NNRTI’s) had a moderately protective effect, delaying clot formation, and increasing clot permeability.
The association between cystic fibrosis-related diabetes and periodontitis in adults: A pilot cross-sectional study
Authors: Alkhateeb Alaa A. , Mancl Lloyd A. , Ramos Kathleen J. , Rothen Marilynn L. , Kotsakis Georgios A. , Trence Dace L. , Chi Donald L.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Periodontitis is a highly prevalent complication of diabetes. However, the association between cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) and periodontitis has not yet been evaluated. The objective of this study was to assess if: 1) CFRD is associated with periodontitis among adults with CF, and 2) periodontitis prevalence differs by CF and diabetes status.

Methods

This was a pilot cross-sectional study of the association between CFRD and periodontitis in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) (N = 32). Historical non-CF controls (N = 57) from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset were frequency matched to participants with CF on age, sex, diabetes status, and insulin use. We defined periodontitis using the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) case definition, as the presence of two or more interproximal sites with CAL ≥3 mm and two or more interproximal sites with PD ≥4 mm (not on the same tooth) or one site with PD ≥5 mm. Because NHANES periodontal data were only available for adults ages ≥30 years, our analysis that included non-CF controls focused on this age group (CF N = 19, non-CF N = 57). Based on CF and diabetes status, we formed four groups: CFRD, CF and no diabetes, non-CF with diabetes, and non-CF and no diabetes (healthy). We used the Fisher’s exact test for hypotheses testing.

Results

There was no association between CFRD and periodontitis for participants with CF ages 22–63 years (CFRD 67% vs. CF no diabetes 53%, P = 0.49), this was also true for those ages ≥30 years (CFRD 78% vs. CF no diabetes 60%, P = 0.63). For the two CF groups, the prevalence of periodontitis was significantly higher than for healthy controls (CFRD 78% vs. healthy 7%, P<0.001; CF no diabetes 60% vs. healthy 7%, P = 0.001) and not significantly different than the prevalence for non-CF controls with diabetes (CFRD 78% vs. non-CF with diabetes 56%, P = 0.43; CF no diabetes 60% vs. non-CF with diabetes 56%, P = 0.99).

Conclusion

Among participants with CF, CFRD was not associated with periodontitis. However, regardless of diabetes status, participants with CF had increased prevalence of periodontitis compared to healthy controls.
Editor’s Introduction
Authors: Felando Cynthia
Published: June 2024

The ‘Editor’s Introduction’ notes the interview, articles and book review published in Issue 14.1. In the interview, Somalian filmmaker Mo Harawe talks about his recent short film, Will My Parents Come to See Me (2023). The articles include those that address the American Film Institute’s long-term and unprecedented project to incorporate short films into its catalogue; the New Zealand anthology television series, Beyond the Veil, which features the work of Māori, Samoan, Filipino and Chinese New Zealand storytellers; Spike Jonze’s ‘screendance’ shorts that combine dance with the format of live music video; renowned filmmaker Charles Burnett’s two short films, Several Friends (1969) and The Horse (1973); the critical and theoretical distinction between the fiction art short and the classical short; the legendary filmmaker Youssef Chahine’s personal portrait of the Egyptian city of Cairo in Cairo as Told by Youssef Chahine (1991) and a review of the book, Richard Green in South African Cinema (2023).
Several Friends and The Horse: The positioning of Black working-class men in the short films of Charles Burnett
Authors: McFadden Donte
Published: June 2024

This article focuses on Charles Burnett’s short films Several Friends (1969) and The Horse (1973). His loose narrative structure magnifies the way his characters seek to grasp self-identity and self-determination in the midst of the second Great Migration during the Second World War and the Watts Unrest of 1965. Ultimately, this project identifies how Burnett’s filmmaking style and storytelling approach focuses on the social positioning of Black working-class men in the space of South Los Angeles and the memory of the rural South.
Fiatalok és a munka világa
Authors: Szőcs Andor
Published: June 2024

Fiatalok és a munka világa - Munkavállalási lehetőségek és motivációk a Covid-19 megjelenése óta a fiatalok körében
A felsőoktatási intézmények a fiatalfelnőttkori szocializáció fontos közegét jelentik. Ebben a miliőben találjuk meg a nem-tradicionális hallgatók egyik típusát, akik körében a tanulás melletti munkavállalás egyre fontosabb helyet tölt be a nemzetközi adatok tanúsága szerint (OECD 2015). A tapasztalatok azt mutatják, hogy a fiatalok későbbi elhelyezkedését nagyban elősegítik a tanulmányok során szerzett munkapiaci tapasztalatok (HERI 2012, NCES 2020). Megállapíthatjuk, hogy az egyetemi hallgatók szabadidős tevékenysége sokrétű; A fizetett munka növekvő tendenciájú újdonságnak számít a vizsgált felsőoktatási intézményben, ami a jövő munkaerőpiaca szempontjából egyre fontosabbá válhat. A hallgatók munka-attitűdjei előrevetíthetik a munkaerőpiac jövőbeli tendenciáját (Szőcs 2021).