bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexual Dimorphism in the Selenocysteine Lyase Knockout Mouse
Authors: Ogawa-Wong Ashley , Hashimoto Ann , Ha Herena , Pitts Matthew , Seale Lucia , Berry Marla
Published: January 2018

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient known for its antioxidant properties and health benefits, attributed to its presence in selenoproteins as the amino acid, selenocysteine. Selenocysteine lyase (Scly) catalyzes hydrolysis of selenocysteine to selenide and alanine, facilitating re-utilization of Se for de novo selenoprotein synthesis. Previously, it was reported that male Scly−/− mice develop increased body weight and body fat composition, and altered lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, compared to wild type mice. Strikingly, females appeared to present with a less severe phenotype, suggesting the relationship between Scly and energy metabolism may be regulated in a sex-specific manner. Here, we report that while body weight and body fat gain occur in both male and female Scly−/− mice, strikingly, males are susceptible to developing glucose intolerance, whereas female Scly−/− mice are protected. Because Se is critical for male reproduction, we hypothesized that castration would attenuate the metabolic dysfunction observed in male Scly−/− mice by eliminating sequestration of Se in testes. We report that fasting serum insulin levels were significantly reduced in castrated males compared to controls, but islet area was unchanged between groups. Finally, both male and female Scly−/− mice exhibit reduced hypothalamic expression of selenoproteins S, M, and glutathione peroxidase 1.
Guarana (Paullinia cupana) Stimulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet
Authors: Lima Natália , Teixeira Lucimara , Gambero Alessandra , Ribeiro Marcelo
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of guarana on mitochondrial biogenesis in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. C57BL6J mice were divided in two groups: high-fat diet HFD and high-fat diet + guarana (HFD-GUA). Both groups received HFD and water ad libitum and the HFD-GUA group also received a daily gavage of guarana (1 g/kg weight). Body weight and food intake was measured weekly. Glycemic, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were determined. VO2 and energy expenditure (EE) were determined by indirect calorimetry. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR and protein content by western blotting. The HFD-GUA group presented lower body weight, subcutaneous, retroperitoneal, visceral, and epididyimal adipose tissue depots, and glycemic and triglyceride levels, with no change in food intake and cholesterol levels. Furthermore, the HFD-GUA group presented an increase in VO2 and basal energy expenditure (EE), as well as Pgc1α, Creb1, Ampka1, Nrf1, Nrf2, and Sirt1 expression in the muscle and brown adipose tissue. In addition, the HFD-GUA group presented an increase in mtDNA (mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid) content in the muscle when compared to the HFD group. Thus, our data showed that guarana leads to an increase in energetic metabolism and stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, contributing to control of weight gain, even when associated with high-fat diet.
Assessment of Axial Behavior of Circular HPFRCC Members Externally Confined with FRP Sheets
Authors: Demir Ugur , Sahinkaya Yusuf , Ispir Medine , Ilki Alper
Published: January 2018

The aim of this paper is to identify the axial behavior characteristics of FRP (fiber reinforced polymer) confined circular HPFRCC (high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite) members under compression. The test program comprised of 24 circular specimens with an average compressive strength of 102.7 MPa, including 21 carbon FRP (CFRP) confined (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 layers) and three unconfined specimens. Transverse confinement generated by external FRP sheets resulted with a remarkable enhancement in axial strength and deformability, which is extremely important to resist seismic actions. The higher was the thickness of FRP confinement, the larger was the ultimate strain (εcu) and peak compressive strength (f′cc) of externally confined HPFRCC. When compared to FRP confined conventional concrete, different axial and lateral deformation characteristics were seen in FRP jacketed HPFRCC members. Higher strength and steel fiber presence in HPFRCC limited the lateral deformations which resulted with reduced strain efficiency with respect to conventional concrete. After presenting the experimental work, performance and accuracy of several available models proposed for predicting the axial behavior of FRP jacketed concrete were evaluated in a comparative manner.
Demonstration of Percent Tree Cover Mapping Using Landsat Analysis Ready Data (ARD) and Sensitivity with Respect to Landsat ARD Processing Level
Authors: Egorov Alexey , Roy David , Zhang Hankui , Hansen Matthew , Kommareddy Anil
Published: January 2018

The recently available Landsat Analysis Ready Data (ARD) are provided as top of atmosphere (TOA) and atmospherically corrected (surface) reflectance tiled products and are designed to make the U.S. Landsat archive for the United States straightforward to use. In this study, the utility of ARD for 30 m percent tree cover mapping is demonstrated and the impact of different ARD processing levels on mapping accuracy examined. Five years of Landsat 5 and 7 ARD over 12 tiles encompassing Washington State are considered using an established bagged regression tree methodology and training data derived from Goddard LiDAR Hyperspectral & Thermal Imager (G-LiHT) data. Sensitivity to the amount of training data is examined with increasing mapping accuracy observed as more training data are used. Four processing levels of ARD are considered independently and the mapped results are compared: (i) TOA ARD; (ii) surface ARD; (iii) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) adjusted atmospherically corrected ARD; and (iv) weekly composited BRDF adjusted atmospherically corrected ARD. The atmospherically corrected ARD provide marginally the highest mapping accuracies, although accuracy differences are negligible among the four (≤0.07% RMSE) when modest amounts of training data are used. The TOA ARD provide the most accurate maps compared to the other input data when only small amounts of training data are used, and the least accurate maps otherwise. The results are illustrated and the implications discussed.
An Omnidirectional Vision Sensor Based on a Spherical Mirror Catadioptric System
Authors: Barone Sandro , Carulli Marina , Neri Paolo , Paoli Alessandro , Razionale Armando
Published: January 2018

The combination of mirrors and lenses, which defines a catadioptric sensor, is widely used in the computer vision field. The definition of a catadioptric sensors is based on three main features: hardware setup, projection modelling and calibration process. In this paper, a complete description of these aspects is given for an omnidirectional sensor based on a spherical mirror. The projection model of a catadioptric system can be described by the forward projection task (FP, from 3D scene point to 2D pixel coordinates) and backward projection task (BP, from 2D coordinates to 3D direction of the incident light). The forward projection of non-central catadioptric vision systems, typically obtained by using curved mirrors, is usually modelled by using a central approximation and/or by adopting iterative approaches. In this paper, an analytical closed-form solution to compute both forward and backward projection for a non-central catadioptric system with a spherical mirror is presented. In particular, the forward projection is reduced to a 4th order polynomial by determining the reflection point on the mirror surface through the intersection between a sphere and an ellipse. A matrix format of the implemented models, suitable for fast point clouds handling, is also described. A robust calibration procedure is also proposed and applied to calibrate a catadioptric sensor by determining the mirror radius and center with respect to the camera.
Node Location Privacy Protection Based on Differentially Private Grids in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhu Rongbo , Liu Shubo , Cai Zhaohui
Published: January 2018

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely applied in industrial application with the rapid development of Industry 4.0. Combining with centralized cloud platform, the enormous computational power is provided for data analysis, such as strategy control and policy making. However, the data analysis and mining will bring the issue of privacy leakage since sensors will collect varieties of data including sensitive location information of monitored objects. Differential privacy is a novel technique that can prevent compromising single record benefits. Geospatial data can be indexed by a tree structure; however, existing differentially private release methods pay no attention to the concrete analysis about the partition granularity of data domains. Based on the overall analysis of noise error and non-uniformity error, this paper proposes a data domain partitioning model, which is more accurate to choose the grid size. A uniform grid release method is put forward based on this model. In order to further reduce the errors, similar cells are merged, and then noise is added into the merged cells. Results show that our method significantly improves the query accuracy compared with other existing methods.
Development of a Kalman Filter in the Gauss-Helmert Model for Reliability Analysis in Orientation Determination with Smartphone Sensors
Authors: Ettlinger Andreas , Neuner Hans , Burgess Thomas
Published: January 2018

The topic of indoor positioning and indoor navigation by using observations from smartphone sensors is very challenging as the determined trajectories can be subject to significant deviations compared to the route travelled in reality. Especially the calculation of the direction of movement is the critical part of pedestrian positioning approaches such as Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (“PDR”). Due to distinct systematic effects in filtered trajectories, it can be assumed that there are systematic deviations present in the observations from smartphone sensors. This article has two aims: one is to enable the estimation of partial redundancies for each observation as well as for observation groups. Partial redundancies are a measure for the reliability indicating how well systematic deviations can be detected in single observations used in PDR. The second aim is to analyze the behavior of partial redundancy by modifying the stochastic and functional model of the Kalman filter. The equations relating the observations to the orientation are condition equations, which do not exhibit the typical structure of the Gauss-Markov model (“GMM”), wherein the observations are linear and can be formulated as functions of the states. To calculate and analyze the partial redundancy of the observations from smartphone-sensors used in PDR, the system equation and the measurement equation of a Kalman filter as well as the redundancy matrix need to be derived in the Gauss-Helmert model (“GHM”). These derivations are introduced in this article and lead to a novel Kalman filter structure based on condition equations, enabling reliability assessment of each observation.
Cancer and Exercise: Warburg Hypothesis, Tumour Metabolism and High-Intensity Anaerobic Exercise
Authors: Hofmann Peter
Published: January 2018

There is ample evidence that regular moderate to vigorous aerobic physical activity is related to a reduced risk for various forms of cancer to suggest a causal relationship. Exercise is associated with positive changes in fitness, body composition, and physical functioning as well as in patient-reported outcomes such as fatigue, sleep quality, or health-related quality of life. Emerging evidence indicates that exercise may also be directly linked to the control of tumour biology through direct effects on tumour-intrinsic factors. Beside a multitude of effects of exercise on the human body, one underscored effect of exercise training is to target the specific metabolism of tumour cells, namely the Warburg-type highly glycolytic metabolism. Tumour metabolism as well as the tumour–host interaction may be selectively influenced by single bouts as well as regularly applied exercise, dependent on exercise intensity, duration, frequency and mode. High-intensity anaerobic exercise was shown to inhibit glycolysis and some studies in animals showed that effects on tumour growth might be stronger compared with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. High-intensity exercise was shown to be safe in patients; however, it has to be applied carefully with an individualized prescription of exercise.
Factors Affecting Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Grain Yield of Summer Maize on Smallholder Farms in the North China Plain
Authors: Chen Guangfeng , Cao Hongzhu , Liang Jun , Ma Wenqi , Guo Lufang , Zhang Shuhua , Jiang Rongfeng , Zhang Hongyan , Goulding Keith , Zhang Fusuo
Published: January 2018

The summer maize yields and partial factor productivity of nitrogen (N) fertilizer (PFPN, grain yield per unit N fertilizer) on smallholder farms in China are low, and differ between farms due to complex, sub-optimal management practices. We collected data on management practices and yields from smallholder farms in three major summer maize-producing sites—Laoling, Quzhou and Xushui—in the North China Plain (NCP) for two growing seasons, during 2015–2016. Boundary line analysis and a Proc Mixed Model were used to evaluate the contribution of individual factors and their interactions. Summer maize grain yields and PFPN ranged from 6.6 t ha−1 to 14.2 t ha−1 and 15.4 kg kg−1 to 96.1 kg kg−1, respectively, and averaged 10.5 t ha−1 and 49.1 kg kg−1, respectively. The mean total yield gap and PFPN gap were 3.6 t ha−1 and 43.3 kg kg−1 in Laoling, 2.2 t ha−1 and 24.5 kg kg−1 in Xushui, and 2.8 t ha−1 and 41.1 kg kg−1 in Quzhou. A positive correlation was observed between the yield gap and PFPN gap; the PFPN gap could be reduced by 6.0 kg kg−1 (3.6–6.6 kg kg−1) by reducing the yield gap by 1 t ha−1. The high yield and high PFPN (HH) fields had a higher plant density and lower N fertilization rate than the low yield and low PFPN (LL) fields. Our results show that multiple management factors caused the yield gap, but the relative contribution of plant density is slightly higher than that of other management practices, such as N input, the sowing date, and potassium fertilizer input. The low PFPN was mainly attributed to an over-application of N fertilizer. To enhance the sustainable production of summer maize, the production gaps should be tackled through programs that guide smallholder farmers on the adoption of optimal management practices.
A Study on the Analysis of CO2 Emissions of Apartment Housing in the Construction Process
Authors: Lee Jonggeon , Tae Sungho , Kim Rakhyun
Published: January 2018

Recent research in the construction industry has focused on the reduction of CO2 emission using quantitative assessment of building life. However, most of this research has focused on the operational stage of a building’s life cycle. Few comprehensive studies of CO2 emissions during building construction have been performed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the CO2 emissions of an apartment housing during the construction process. The quantity of CO2 emissions associated with the utilization of selected building materials and construction equipment were used to estimate the CO2 emissions related to the apartment housing life cycle. In order to set the system boundary for the construction materials, equipment, and transportation used, 13 types of construction work were identified; then the CO2 emissions produced by the identified materials were calculated for each type of construction work. The comprehensive results showed that construction work involving reinforced concrete accounted for more than 73% of the total CO2 emissions. The CO2 emissions related to reinforced concrete work was mainly due to transportation from the supplier to the construction site. Therefore, at the time that reinforced concrete is being supplied, shipping distance and fuel economy management of concrete transportation vehicles should be considered thoroughly for significant reduction of CO2 emissions.
The Current State and Future Directions of Organic No-Till Farming with Cover Crops in Canada, with Case Study Support
Authors: Beach Heather , Laing Ken , Walle Morris , Martin Ralph
Published: January 2018

Eliminating regular tillage practices in agriculture has numerous ecological benefits that correspond to the intentions of organic agriculture; yet, more tillage is conducted in organic agriculture than in conventional agriculture. Organic systems face more management challenges to avoid tillage. This paper identifies factors to consider when implementing no-till practices particularly in organic agronomic and vegetable crop agriculture and describes techniques to address these factors. In some cases, future research is recommended to effectively address the current limitations. The format includes a literature review of organic no-till (OrgNT) research and two case studies of Ontario organic farmers that highlight no-till challenges and practices to overcome these challenges. Cover crops require significant consideration because they are the alternative to herbicides and fertilizers to manage weeds and provide nutrients in the OrgNT system. Equipment requirements have also proven to be unique in OrgNT systems. In the future, it is recommended that researchers involve organic farmers closely in studies on no-till implementation, so that the farmers’ concerns are effectively addressed, and research is guided by possibilities recognized by the practitioners.
Geometry of Bigravity
Authors: Soloviev Vladimir
Published: January 2018

The non-Euclidean geometry created by Bolyai, Lobachevsky and Gauss has led to a new physical theory—general relativity. In due turn, a correct mathematical treatment of the cosmological problem in general relativity has led Friedmann to a discovery of dynamical equations for the universe. And now, after almost a century of theoretical and experimental research, cosmology has a status of the most rapidly developing fundamental science. New challenges here are problems of dark energy and dark matter. As a result, a lot of modifications of general relativity appear recently. The bigravity is one of them, constructed with a couple of interacting space–time metrics accompanied by some coupling to matter. We discuss here this approach and different kinds of the coupling.
Potential of Sentinel-1 Images for Estimating the Soil Roughness over Bare Agricultural Soils
Authors: Baghdadi Nicolas , El Hajj Mohammad , Choker Mohammad , Zribi Mehrez , Bazzi Hassan , Vaudour Emmanuelle , Gilliot Jean-Marc , Ebengo Dav
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential of Sentinel-1 C-band SAR data in VV polarization for estimating the surface roughness (Hrms) over bare agricultural soils. An inversion technique based on Multi-Layer Perceptron neural networks is used. It involves two steps. First, a neural network (NN) is used for estimating the soil moisture without taking into account the soil roughness. Then, a second neural network is used for retrieving the soil roughness when using as an input to the network the soil moisture that was estimated by the first network. The neural networks are trained and validated using simulated datasets generated from the radar backscattering model IEM (Integral Equation Model) with the range of soil moisture and surface roughness encountered in agricultural environments. The inversion approach is then validated using Sentinel-1 images collected over two agricultural study sites, one in France and one in Tunisia. Results show that the use of C-band in VV polarization for estimating the soil roughness does not allow a reliable estimate of the soil roughness. From the synthetic dataset, the achievable accuracy of the Hrms estimates is about 0.94 cm when using the soil moisture estimated by the NN built with a priori information on the moisture volumetric content “mv” (accuracy of mv is about 6 vol. %). In addition, an overestimation of Hrms for low Hrms-values and an underestimation of Hrms for Hrms higher than 2 cm are observed. From a real dataset, results show that the accuracy of the estimates of Hrms in using the mv estimated over a wide area (few km2) is similar to that in using the mv estimated at the plot scale (RMSE about 0.80 cm).
Knowledge to Predict Pathogens: Legionella pneumophila Lifecycle Critical Review Part I Uptake into Host Cells
Authors: Mraz Alexis , Weir Mark
Published: January 2018

Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) is an infectious disease agent of increasing concern due to its ability to cause Legionnaires’ Disease, a severe community pneumonia, and the difficulty in controlling it within water systems. L. pneumophila thrives within the biofilm of premise plumbing systems, utilizing protozoan hosts for protection from disinfectants and other environmental stressors. While there is a great deal of information regarding how L. pneumophila interacts with protozoa and human macrophages (host for human infection), the ability to use this data in a model to attempt to predict a concentration of L. pneumophila in a water system is not known. The lifecycle of L. pneumophila within host cells involves three processes: uptake, growth, and egression from the host cell. The complexity of these three processes would risk conflation of the concepts; therefore, this review details the available information regarding how L. pneumophila invades host cells (uptake) within the context of data needed to model this process, while a second review will focus on growth and egression. The overall intent of both reviews is to detail how the steps in L. pneumophila’s lifecycle in drinking water systems affect human infectivity, as opposed to detailing just its growth and persistence in drinking water systems.
Identifying Critical Elements in Sewer Networks Using Graph-Theory
Authors: Meijer Didrik , Van Bijnen Marco , Langeveld Jeroen , Korving Hans , Post Johan , Clemens François
Published: January 2018

Underground water infrastructure is essential for life in cities. The aging of these infrastructures requires maintenance strategies to maintain a minimum service level. Not all elements are equally important for the functioning of the infrastructure as a whole. Identifying the most critical elements in a network is crucial for formulating asset management strategies. The graph theory is presented as a means to identify the most critical elements in a network with respect to malfunctioning of the system as a whole. As opposed to conventional methods, the proposed method does not rely on iterative hydraulic calculations; instead, the structure of the network is taken as a starting point. In contrast to methods applied in practise, the results are independent on the chosen test-load. Because of the limited calculation effort, the method allows the analysis of large networks that are now, for practical reasons, beyond the scope of methods applied so-far.
Temperature-tunable lasing from dye-doped chiral microdroplets encapsulated in a thin polymeric film
Authors: Petriashvili Gia , Bruno Mauro Daniel Luigi , De Santo Maria Penelope , Barberi Riccardo
Published: January 2018

In the last decade, much interest has grown around the possibility to use liquid-crystal droplets as optical microcavities and lasers. In particular, 3D laser emission from dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystals confined inside microdroplets paves the way for many applications in the field of sensors or tunable photonics. Several techniques can be used to obtain small microresonators as, for example, dispersing a liquid crystal inside an immiscible isotropic fluid to create an emulsion. Recently, the possibility to obtain a thin free-standing film starting from an emulsion having a mixture of water and polyvinyl alcohol as isotropic matrix has been reported. After the water evaporation, a polymeric film in which the microdroplets are encapsulated has been obtained. Bragg-type laser emission has been recorded from the emulsion as well as from the thin film. Here, we report on the possibility to tune the laser emission as a function of temperature. Using a chiral dopant with temperature dependent solubility, the emitted laser wavelength can be tuned in a range of 40 nm by a temperature variation of 18 °C. The proposed device can have applications in the field of sensors and for the development of anti-counterfeiting labels.
First records of the uristid lysianassoids from Korean waters: redescription of Anonyx abei Takekawa & Ishimaru, 2001 and description of Anonyx exilipes sp. n. (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Uristidae)
Authors: Jung Tae Won , Coleman Charles Oliver , Kim Ji Hyung , Yoon Seong Myeong
Published: January 2018

The uristid lysianassoids are reported for the first time from Korean waters with a redescription of Anonyxabei Takekawa & Ishimaru, 2001 and the description of Anonyxexilipessp. n.Anonyxabei is characterized by a distinctively small projection of the posterodistal corner on epimeron 3, different from all species of the Anonyxnugax group which share a constriction at the point of insertion of a distal seta on the inner ramus of uropod 2. Anonyxexilipessp. n. is included in the Anonyxlaticoxae group characterized by the unconstricted inner ramus of uropod 2. This new species is distinguished from other A.laticoxae group species by the longer and more slender carpus and propodus of pereopod 6, and the non-lobate merus of pereopod 7.
La danse est une parade amoureuse
Authors: Schott-Billmann France
Published: January 2018

Un film récent, montrant un danseur intervenant dans un service de gériatrie, et dont une vieille dame atteinte d’Alzheimer tombe amoureuse, pose la question de la nature de cet amour. S’adresse-t-il à la personne du danseur ou s’agit-il d’un amour de transfert qui, au-delà du beau corps qui danse, image d’une jeunesse éternelle et leurrante, s’adresse à la Danse elle-même et à ce qu’elle donne à percevoir de la Loi derrière ses séductions ? La danse donne accès à l’amour d’un ordre supérieur, un Ordre où la vie est couplée à la mort et inclut son acceptation. C’est la Loi incontournable aussi bien au niveau de la nature qu’à celui de l’être parlant, la Loi de l’accès à la Langue, enracinée dans le corps et se sublimant dans la Parole, la Loi symbolique. Quelle attitude doit avoir le danseur dans cette situation s’il se veut au service du patient plutôt que de son propre narcissisme ?
What's in a Word? Understanding Terms in Continuing Nursing Education and Professional Development
Authors: Dickerson Pamela S. , Bernard Amy
Published: January 2018

Terminology used in the field of continuing nursing education and nursing professional development can be confusing. This article defines common terms and explains the importance of their correct usage.
J Contin Nurs Educ.
2018;49(1):19–25.
Characteristics and Long-term Follow-up of Isolated Vertical Nystagmus in Infancy
Authors: Jivraj Imran , Beres Shannon J. , Liu Grant T.
Published: January 2018

Purpose:

To determine the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of infants who presented with isolated vertical nystagmus.

Methods:

The medical records of 114 infants who were diagnosed as having nystagmus from 1996 to 2016 were screened. Patients with vertical nystagmus within the first year of life who had unremarkable magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and demonstrated age-appropriate visual behavior were included. The parents of patients in the final study cohort were contacted by telephone to obtain long-term follow-up information.

Results:

Eight patients comprised the final cohort. Vertical nystagmus was first observed at a mean age of 1.4 months (range: 1 to 2.5 months) and resolved in 87.5% of patients at a mean age of 3.8 months (range: 2 to 10 months). Vertical nystagmus was intermittent in 62.5%, upbeat in 62.5%, and pendular in 37.5% of patients. One patient's nystagmus did not resolve. Seventy-five percent of patient guardians participated in the telephone questionnaire. The mean age of patients at follow-up was 3.5 years (range: 0.5 to 8.1 years). Isolated iris transillumination was discovered in one patient without other features of albinism. Fifty percent of patients had speech delay requiring intervention. No other developmental delays or general medical conditions were identified.

Conclusions:

Nystagmus resolved in 87.5% of patients, all before the first year of life, and speech delay was later identified in half of the patients.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2018;55(3):159–163.]
Inflammation-Sensitive Myosin-X Functionally Supports Leukocyte Extravasation by Cdc42-Mediated ICAM-1–Rich Endothelial Filopodia Formation
Authors: Kroon Jeffrey , Schaefer Antje , van Rijssel Jos , Hoogenboezem Mark , van Alphen Floris , Hordijk Peter , Stroes Erik S. G. , Strömblad Staffan , van Rheenen Jacco , van Buul Jaap D.
Published: January 2018

Leukocyte transendothelial migration is key to inflammation. Leukocytes first start rolling over the inflamed endothelium, followed by firmly adhering to it. Under inflammatory conditions, endothelial cells express small finger-like protrusions that stick out into the lumen. The function and regulation of these structures are unclear. We present evidence that these ICAM-1– and F-actin–rich endothelial finger-like protrusions are filopodia and function as adhesive structures for leukocytes to transit from rolling to crawling but are dispensable for diapedesis. Mechanistically, these structures require the motor function of myosin-X, activity of the small GTPase Cdc42, and p21-activated kinase 4. Moreover, myosin-X expression is under control of TNF-α–mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity and is upregulated in human atherosclerotic regions. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify that regulation of endothelial filopodia is crucial for leukocyte extravasation, in particular for the initiation of leukocyte adhesion under flow conditions.
Field mapping of the Eastern Highlands Shear Zone, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia
Authors: Piette-Lauzière N , Larson K P , Kellett D A
Published: January 2018

The Eastern Highlands shear zone (EHSZ) is located on Cape Breton Island where it separates rocks of the Bras-d'Or and Aspy terranes within Ganderia in the Appalachian accretionary belt. It records late Silurian to Early Devonian shear with east-over-west
kinematics (D1) and a second deformation event (D2) with oblique dextral and west-over-east kinematics of unknown timing. Field mapping and thin section observations identified a third deformation event (D3) with brittle ductile fabrics, brecciation and hydrothermal alteration of a granite on the
Aspy side of the EHSZ. These new mapping results contribute to our understanding of the later stages of deformation and their interplay with hydrothermal alteration. They also provide the framework for further studies attempting to reconstruct the postorogenic reactivation of the EHSZ and the
associated magmatic-hydrothermal processes that may have contributed to the mineral endowment of the orogen.
Mineral markers of porphyry copper mineralization: progress report on the evaluation of tourmaline as an indicator mineral
Authors: McClenaghan M B , Beckett-Brown C E , McCurdy M
W , McDonald A M , Leybourne M
I , Chapman J B , Plouffe A , Ferbey T
Published: January 2018

Tourmaline is considered a potential indicator of porphyry-style mineralization as it is a relatively common accessory mineral and has a broad range of compositions. The aim of this study is to test discrimination criteria for tourmaline in relation to porphyry
copper mineralization. Work to date has focussed on the collection of tourmaline in bedrock samples from a broad range of known porphyry deposits, the detailed examination of tourmaline in archived till samples from the vicinity of the Woodjam deposit, and the collection of new bedrock and stream
sediment samples in the area of the Casino deposit. Three different types of tourmaline were identified in bedrock from Casino: i) breccia-style; ii) vein-style; and iii) disseminated. A paragenetic analysis based on associated minerals and tourmaline textures indicates that tourmaline is one of the
first hydrothermal minerals to form in the mineralized porphyry system. Diffusion-like textures found in some tourmaline grains from bedrock samples from other deposits is significant because chemical diffusion in tourmaline is considered to be virtually non-existent. Future work includes the
completion of trace element analysis of tourmaline, comparison of tourmaline chemical signatures in bedrock to those recovered in till or stream sediments at the two test sites, and investigation of Fe2+/Fe3+ using Raman spectroscopy.
Reconnaissance thallium isotope study of zinc-lead SEDEX mineralization and host rocks in the Howard's Pass district, Selwyn Basin, Yukon: potential application to paleoredox determinations and fingerprinting of mineralization
Authors: Peter J M , Gadd M G , Layton-Matthews D , Voinot A
Published: January 2018

The commonly accepted genetic model for sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) lead-zinc deposits requires a marine basin with anoxic (no oxygen) and euxinic (free H2S) conditions, in order to provide sulphur to bond with the metals. Recent work on the largest SEDEX
district in Canada, the Howard's Pass district, Selwyn Basin, Yukon, has cast doubt on the universality of this model, as the water column may have been suboxic during mineralization. Paleoredox indicators based on bulk geochemical compositions can be contradictory or equivocal. Developments in
non-traditional metal stable isotope analysis have shown the potential of certain isotope systems (e.g. molybdenum, uranium, thallium) as paleoredox indicators.
We have conducted a bulk geochemical and thallium isotopic traverse through a mineralized intersection (and immediate stratigraphic footwall and hanging wall) from the Anniv East vent-distal SEDEX deposit, Howard's Pass district. The epsilon-205Tl values range from -7.5 to -4.0 for unmineralized
samples and -3.6 to -2.6 for mineralized ones. There is good general agreement between certain redox sensitive elements, venerable redox indicators and epsilon-205Tl for the unmineralized host rocks (reflecting suboxic or oxic conditions for the most negative values). Thus, the application of
thallium isotopes as a redox indicator in seafloor hydrothermal deposits in sedimentary (or volcano-sedimentary) settings shows great promise. The heaviest values are for mineralized samples, likely reflecting contributions of isotopically heavy thallium from the mineralizing fluids. Preliminary
data indicate that thallium isotopes as a redox indicator in mineralized samples is untenable, but it has the potential to fingerprint sulphides precipitated by various processes.
Field observations, mineralogy and geochemistry of Middle Devonian Ni-Zn-Mo-PGE hyper-enriched black shale deposits, Yukon
Authors: Gadd M G , Peter J M
Published: January 2018

Hyper-enriched black shale (HEBS) deposits are a globally significant repository of base, strategic and precious metals. Some of the best examples of this deposit type are hosted within Devonian shales in northern Yukon. Hyper-accumulations of Ni-Zn-Mo-platinum
group elements (PGE) occur in a thin (<10 cm) stratiform and stratabound layer that is widespread geographically (10 000s km2). Despite decades of research, basic questions surrounding the precious metal mineral host(s), age and process(es) responsible for hyper enrichment remain
unresolved.
Preliminary laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry data for the various base metal sulphide minerals within the HEBS mineralization reveal that vaesite is the principal PGE host (up to 10 ppm Pd, Pt) at the Nick deposit, whereas the fine-grained pyritic matrix hosts PGE (up to 3
ppm Pd and 10 ppm Pt) at the Peel River locality. Conodont biostratigraphy, determined using x-ray microcomputed tomography, gives a Givetian (late Middle Devonian) age that compares well with the regional stratigraphic framework, and is the first ever reported for the HEBS mineralization in Yukon.
Finally, recent fieldwork has revealed the occurrence of up to three discrete stacked stratigraphic HEBS layers.
Collectively, these data indicate an ambient paleoenvironment in which highly efficient scavenging of metals and metalloids from seawater operated in tandem with extremely low rates of clastic sedimentation and highly efficient organic matter remineralization. Similar topologies between continental
crust-normalized PGE patterns for seawater and HEBS layers support the conclusion that metals and metalloids predominantly originated from ambient seawater.
The vanishing conjecture for maps of Tor and derived splinters
Authors: Ma Linquan
Published: January 2018

We say an excellent local domain

(S,\mathfrak n)

satisfies the vanishing conditions for maps of Tor
, if for every

A\to R\to S

with

A

regular and

A\to R

module-finite torsion-free extension, and every

A

-module

M

, the map

\mathrm {Tor}^A_i(M, R)\to \mathrm {Tor}_i^A(M, S)

vanishes for every

i\geq 1

. Hochster-Huneke's conjecture (theorem in equal characteristic) thus states that regular rings satisfy such vanishing conditions [HH95]. The main theorem of this paper shows that, in equal characteristic, rings that satisfy the vanishing conditions for maps of Tor are exactly
derived splinters
in the sense of Bhatt [Bha12]. In particular, rational singularities in characteristic 0 satisfy the vanishing conditions. This greatly generalizes Hochster–Huneke’s result [HH95] and Boutot’s theorem [Bou87]. Moreover, our result leads to a new (and surprising) characterization of rational singularities in terms of splittings in module-finite extensions.
Logarithmic topological Hochschild homology of topological $K$-theory spectra
Authors: Rognes John , Sagave Steffen , Schlichtkrull Christian
Published: January 2018

In this paper we continue our study of logarithmic topological Hochschild homology. We show that the inclusion of the connective Adams summand

\ell

into the

p

-local complex connective

K

-theory spectrum

ku_{(p)}

, equipped with suitable log structures, is a formally log THH-étale map, and compute the

V(1)

-homotopy of their logarithmic topological Hochschild homology spectra. As an application, we recover Ausoni's computation of the

V(1)

-homotopy of the ordinary THH of

ku

.
Linear Regression to Minimize the Total Error of the Numerical Differentiation
Authors: Tzeng Jengnan
Published: January 2018

It is well known that numerical derivative contains two types of errors. One is truncation error and the other is rounding error. By evaluating variables with rounding error, together with step size and the unknown coefficient of the truncation error, the total error can be determined. We also know that the step size affects the truncation error very much, especially when the step size is large. On the other hand, rounding error will dominate numerical error when the step size is too small. Thus, to choose a suitable step size is an important task in computing the numerical differentiation. If we want to reach an accuracy result of the numerical difference, we had better estimate the best step size. We can use Taylor Expression to analyze the order of truncation error, which is usually expressed by the big O notation, that is, E(h) = Chk. Since the leading coefficient C contains the factor f(k)(ζ) for high order k and unknown ζ, the truncation error is often estimated by a roughly upper bound. If we try to estimate the high order difference f(k)(ζ), this term usually contains larger error. Hence, the uncertainty of ζ and the rounding errors hinder a possible accurate numerical derivative.

We will introduce the statistical process into the traditional numerical difference. The new method estimates truncation error and rounding error at the same time for a given step size. When we estimate these two types of error successfully, we can reach much better modified results. We also propose a genetic approach to reach a confident numerical derivative.
Pinning Effect on Current-Induced Domain Wall Motion in Nanostrip
Authors: Yang Lei
Published: January 2018

Pinning effect on current-induced magnetic transverse domain wall dynamics in nanostrip is studied for its potential application to new magnetic memory devices. In this study, we carry out a series of calculations by solving generalized Landau-Lifshitz equation involving a current spin transfer torque in one and two dimensional models. The critical current for the transverse wall depinning in nanostrip depends on the size of artificial rectangular defects on the edges of nanostrip. We show that there is intrinsic pinning potential for a defect such that the transverse wall oscillates damply around the pinning site with an intrinsic frequency if the applied current is below critical value. The amplification of the transverse wall oscillation for both displacement and maximum value of m3 is significant by applying AC current and current pulses with appropriate frequency. We show that for given pinning potential, the oscillation amplitude as a function of the frequency of the AC current behaves like a Gaussian distribution in our numerical study, which is helpful to reduce strength of current to drive the transverse wall motion.
Estimación de las curvas características de operación de sistemas de impulsión operando como turbinas a partir de su curva motriz trabajando como bomba
Authors: Romero-Marrero L. , Pérez-Sánchez M. , López-Jiménez P. A.
Published: January 2018

El presente trabajo presenta una metodología para seleccionar bombas operando como turbinas en sistemas de recuperación energética en redes de distribución a partir de su curva motriz operando como bomba. A partir de una revisión de los métodos empíricos existentes en este campo, se propone una metodología para estimar de forma empírica el punto de funcionamiento de estas máquinas. La metodología determina el análisis del punto funcionamiento (caudal, altura recuperada y eficiencia), tanto para caudales constantes como variables en el tiempo. En situaciones de caudal variable, la metodología utiliza curvas experimentales, las cuales están definidas por el coeficiente de descarga y de altura. La metodología se ha aplicado a un caso de estudio en Callosa d’en Sarrià (Alicante), en el cual, la bomba operando como turbina con caudales variables, obtiene una energía recuperable de 76884.71 kWh/año. Esta energía representa un 74.21% de la energía que actualmente disipa la válvula reductora instalada.
Análisis implícito del flujo transitorio de agua con aire disuelto
Authors: Twyman J.
Published: January 2018

Se aplica el método de diferencias finitas implícito (MDFI) para resolver el flujo transitorio en un sistema que transporta agua con aire disuelto utilizando una malla espacio-tiempo rectangular fija (o variable) definida por el método del paso de tiempo especificado. El contenido de aire en el fluido modifica tanto la velocidad de la onda como el número de Courant, lo cual hace inconveniente aplicar el Método de las Características (MC) tradicional y otros esquemas explícitos debido a su imposibilidad para simular los cambios en la magnitud, forma y frecuencia del tren de presiones. La conclusión es que el MDFI entrega una solución precisa y estable, con un buen nivel de ajuste respecto de un caso clásico reportado en la literatura, siendo una alternativa válida para la solución del transitorio en sistemas que transportan agua con aire disuelto.
Plan de seguridad del agua en los Campos de Refugiados Saharauis en Tindouf (Argelia)
Authors: García R. , Blanco R. , Anta J. , Naves A. , Molinero J.
Published: January 2018

Desde 1975, unos 165 000 saharauis viven como refugiados en el desierto del Sahara cerca de Tindouf (Argelia). El agua disponible proviene de pozos profundos ubicados en algunos casos a decenas de kilómetros de distancia de los asentamientos de población, es tratada en plantas de ósmosis inversa y mediante cloración y, posteriormente, se distribuye mediante una red de grifos y camiones cisterna. La complejidad del sistema de abastecimiento y las condiciones extremas han obligado a la elaboración de un Plan de Seguridad del Agua con objeto de asegurar que el suministro ofrece una dotación suficiente y una calidad del agua adecuada. El plan sigue una metodología de evaluación de riesgos y establece mecanismos de control para minimizar su impacto, que se recogen en seis protocolos de actuación para las infraestructuras y el control de la calidad de agua. Como aportación novedosa la metodología desarrollada en los campamentos incorpora además de los tradicionales conceptos de calidad de agua, el análisis del volumen de agua suministrada, muy relacionada con algunas enfermedades hídricas. Desde finales de 2014, estos protocolos han comenzado a ser aplicados obteniéndose resultados que repercuten en la mejora de la calidad de vida de las personas refugiadas.
The early summertime Saharan heat low: sensitivity of the radiation budget and atmospheric heating to water vapour and dust aerosol
Authors: Alamirew Netsanet K. , Todd Martin C. , Ryder Claire L. , Marsham John H. , Wang Yi
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The Saharan heat low (SHL) is a key component of the west African
climate system and an important driver of the west African monsoon across a
range of timescales of variability. The physical mechanisms driving the
variability in the SHL remain uncertain, although water vapour has been
implicated as of primary importance. Here, we quantify the independent
effects of variability in dust and water vapour on the radiation budget and
atmospheric heating of the region using a radiative transfer model
configured with observational input data from the Fennec field campaign at
the location of Bordj Badji Mokhtar (BBM) in southern Algeria (21.4∘ N, 0.9∘ E),
close to the SHL core for June 2011. Overall, we find dust aerosol and
water vapour to be of similar importance in driving variability in the
top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation budget and therefore the column-integrated
heating over the SHL (∼ 7 W m−2 per standard deviation of
dust aerosol optical depth – AOD). As such, we infer that SHL intensity is likely to be similarly
enhanced by the effects of dust and water vapour surge events. However, the
details of the processes differ. Dust generates substantial radiative
cooling at the surface (∼ 11 W m−2 per standard deviation
of dust AOD), presumably leading to reduced sensible heat flux in the
boundary layer, which is more than compensated by direct radiative heating
from shortwave (SW) absorption by dust in the dusty boundary layer. In contrast, water
vapour invokes a radiative warming at the surface of ∼ 6 W m−2 per standard deviation of column-integrated water vapour in kg m−2.
Net effects involve a pronounced net atmospheric radiative
convergence with heating rates on average of 0.5 K day−1 and up to 6 K day−1 during synoptic/mesoscale dust events from monsoon surges and
convective cold-pool outflows (“haboobs”). On this basis, we make inferences
on the processes driving variability in the SHL associated with radiative
and advective heating/cooling. Depending on the synoptic context over the
region, processes driving variability involve both independent effects of
water vapour and dust and compensating events in which dust and water vapour
are co-varying. Forecast models typically have biases of up to 2 kg m−2 in
column-integrated water vapour (equivalent to a change in 2.6 W m−2 TOA net flux) and typically lack variability in dust and thus are
expected to poorly represent these couplings. An improved representation
of dust and water vapour and quantification of associated radiative impact
in models is thus imperative to further understand the SHL and related climate processes.