bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE REDES NEURONALES PARA LA DETECCIÓN DE LA PRESENCIA DE ENFERMEDADES EN EL CORAZÓN
Authors: Avellaneda González José A. , Ochoa Rey Cynthia M.
Published: August 2017

A  continuación  por  medio  de  dos  métodos  para la implementación  de  redes  neuronales  y  una base  de  datos que presenta    diferentes    características    de pacientes, algunos presentan algún  tipo  de  enfermedad  del  corazón y otros  no.  Se desarrollo  en una  primera  parte redes neuronales  supervisadas, específicamente  se  implementa un perceptrón   multicapa;  la segunda parte plantea  redes  no supervisadas,  implementando una red ART2 (Adaptive resonance theory).: Épocas, número de neuronas, perceptrón multicapa, redes ART, tasa de aprendizaje, tasa de vigilancia.
MODELO PARA EL PERFECCIONAMIENTO DE LAS COMPETENCIAS DEL INGENIERO INDUSTRIAL BASADO EN LABORATORIOS DE APRENDIZAJE
Authors: Lopez Santana Eduyn Ramiro , Mendez Giraldo Germán
Published: August 2017

Se propone un modelo basado en la metodología de dinámicas de sistemas que valida las bondades que trae al perfeccionamiento de las competencias del ingeniero industrial de la Universidad Distrital (Colombia) basado en los principios de los laboratorios de aprendizaje. Su campo de aplicación permite re-significar el papel que tiene el estudiante y docente en el proceso de aprendizaje. El modelo parte del principio de causalidad que intrínsecamente representa el proceso de aprendizaje y como se puede reforzar el mismo a través de la práctica de la simulación como mecanismo de un laboratorio de aprendizaje. El resultado ha sido la elaboración de varios prototipos de modelo en donde el estudiante se enfrenta a casos de la vida real pero en un ambiente simulado. Los resultados arrojan una serie de propuestas que validan las premisas del modelo de perfeccionamiento, y por otro lado, permitirá en un futuro el desarrollo de modelos de simulación en el contexto de la concepción del laboratorio de aprendizaje.
HACIA LA OPTIMIZACIÓN USANDO COMPUTACIÓN CON PALABRAS
Authors: Hernández German Jairo , Lopez Bello Cesar Almicar , Figueroa Garcia Juan Carlos
Published: August 2017

Este trabajo se enfoca a aspectos conceptuales para la implementación de técnicas de razonamiento aproximado como los conjuntos difusos Tipo-2 para representar palabras en problemas de optimización. La Computación Con Palabras (CWW por sus siglas en inglés) es un concepto emergente que puede manejar el lenguaje natural utilizando conjuntos difusos, rugosos, etc. Así que su potencial aplicación parece ser un paso natural. Así pues, presentamos algunas consideraciones que deben ser tenidas en cuenta en futuros desarrollos de técnicas de CWW.
Wpływ języka polskiego na rozwój świadomości narodowej młodzieży galicyjskiej w dobie autonomicznej
Authors: Zimmermann Peter
Published: August 2017

After the Austro-Hungarian compromise in 1867 the Galician parliament and provincial administration gained extensive privileges and prerogatives, especially in education. Galicia was the first crownland that had a school council, which was sanctioned already in 1867. After almost a century the ongoing process of Germanization ended as in the following years the majority of German speaking public officials were replaced by Poles and the Polish language became the main administrativ language and the main language of instruction in school. The article describes changes in the school system and shows the role of the Polish language in primary and secondary education during this so-called epoch of Galician autonomy. A comparison of historical documents and memories from schooldays from former Galician school children allows a realistic insight on the role which the Polish language played in the lives of young Galicians. The analysis shows that the Polonisation of the Galician school system effected the development of Polish national consciousness within young Galicians very slowly and not until the beginning of the 20th century.
Projekt Szlachetna Paczka − słowa klucze. Od przygotowywania paczek dla ubogich rodzin do wizji społeczeństwa
Authors: Krygier-Łączkowska Agnieszka
Published: August 2017

This article describes the language used on the Noble Box project website. The project supports the families which are in a difficult finanacial situation by delivering them especially prepared boxes (usually multiple). They contain products which meet the family needs. The material help is not however the aim but the means of The Noble Box Project. It concentrates on appreciating the former attempts of poor people and activating them for further activity. The final aim is to create the society of people who can support each other. The keywords analyzed in this article reflect the Noble Box Project program: poverty, hero, change, wise help, struggle (also: struggle with poverty), challenge, team, connecting people.The texts placed on the Noble Box Project webside are of persuasive character. Their aim is to make the recepients engage in the project (most of all as volunteers and granters) and to undermine the negative stereoptype of poor people. The key words mentioned above play an important role.
Nichtlineares Bewegungsmodell für ein Stahlband in einer Oberflächenbeschichtungsanlage
Authors: Saxinger Martin , Steinboeck Andreas , Marko Lukas , Baumgart Michael , Kugi Andreas
Published: August 2017

In diesem Beitrag wird ein nichtlineares mechanisches Modell für axial bewegte Stahlbänder in einer
Oberflächenbeschichtungsanlage entwickelt. Die zugrundeliegende Differentialgleichung folgt aus dem Hamiltonschen Prinzip
für offene Systeme mit veränderlicher Masse. Zur örtlichen Diskretisierung der partiellen Differentialgleichung kommt die
Galerkin-Methode der gewichteten Residuen zum Einsatz, wobei die Bandfläche mithilfe von lokalen Ansatzfunktionen in
finite Elemente diskretisiert wird. Transiente Simulationen werden mit einem speziellen Zeitintegrationsverfahren für
strukturmechanische Systeme durchgeführt. Die dynamische Simulation der Bandbewegung in einer mit einer
elektromagnetischen Bandstabilisierung ausgestatteten Feuerverzinkungsanlage zeigt abschließend eine der
vielen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Modells.
The use of error and uncertainty methods in the medical laboratory
Authors: Oosterhuis Wytze P. , Bayat Hassan , Armbruster David , Coskun Abdurrahman , Freeman Kathleen P. , Kallner Anders , Koch David , Mackenzie Finlay , Migliarino Gabriel , Orth Matthias , Sandberg Sverre , Sylte Marit S. , Westgard Sten , Theodorsson Elvar
Published: August 2017

Error methods – compared with uncertainty methods – offer simpler, more intuitive and practical procedures for calculating measurement uncertainty and conducting quality assurance in laboratory medicine. However, uncertainty methods are preferred in other fields of science as reflected by the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. When laboratory results are used for supporting medical diagnoses, the total uncertainty consists only partially of analytical variation. Biological variation, pre- and postanalytical variation all need to be included. Furthermore, all components of the measuring procedure need to be taken into account. Performance specifications for diagnostic tests should include the diagnostic uncertainty of the entire testing process. Uncertainty methods may be particularly useful for this purpose but have yet to show their strength in laboratory medicine. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the pros and cons of error and uncertainty methods as groundwork for future consensus on their use in practical performance specifications. Error and uncertainty methods are complementary when evaluating measurement data.
Development and validation of a multivariable prediction rule for detecting a severe acquired ADAMTS13 activity deficiency in patients with thrombotic microangiopathies
Authors: Nieto Jorge M. , De La Fuente-Gonzalo Félix , González Fernando A. , Villegas Ana , Martínez Rafael , Fuentes Manuel E. , Ropero Paloma
Published: August 2017

Background:

Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) are a group of diseases that have different aetiologies and treatments, but a clinical differential diagnosis remains difficult. Among TMAs, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is characterised by a severe ADAMTS13 functional deficiency. However, assays exploring ADAMTS13 activity are limited to some specialised laboratories. Our objective was to develop and validate a diagnostic method for TTP in adult patients with TMA.

Methods:

We generated a multivariable model (four predictors) on a cohort of 174 TMA patients in order to predict an ADAMTS13 activity deficiency (AUC of 0.927). The multivariable model was simplified into a binary rule to facilitate the interpretation of the predictions. There were two scenarios for a patient: (1) Predicted ADAMTS13 deficiency; if the patient met four conditions simultaneously (platelets ≤44×109/L, creatinine ≤2 mg/dL (≤176.84 µmol/L) for males or ≤1.9 mg/dL (≤168 µmol/L) for females, age ≤68 years and no history of haematopoietic stem cell transplant [HSCT]); or (2) Predicted “normal” activity; if any of the above conditions are not met. This rule was validated on a second cohort of 86 patients and performed with sensitivity of 87.7% and specificity of 92.7%.

Results and conclusions:

This could lead to the earlier confirmation or rapid exclusion of TTP when ADAMTS13 testing is not avalilable, facilitating a more suitable therapy based on the aetiology of the TMA.
SSGM Based Multivariable Control of Unstable Non-Square Systems
Authors: Chidambaram Manickam , Ram V Dhanya
Published: August 2017

Davison (1976) proposed a method to design controllers for multivariable systems using the knowledge of only the Steady-State Gain Matrix (SSGM) of the system. In the present work, Davison's method is suitably modified to design controllers for unstable non-square multivariable systems. A single-stage multivariable PI controller is designed using the SSGM. Simulation results show that the overshoots of the closed loop responses are larger, hence a two-stage P-PI control system is proposed. For the proposed two- stage design (i) the system is first stabilized by a simple proportional controller matrix designed based on SSGM using modified Davison's method (1976). (ii) Diagonal PI controllers are designed for this stabilized system based on gain matrix. Simulation studies are carried out to compare the closed loop performance of the single stage multivariable PI control system with that of the two-stage control system (inner loop centralized P controllers and outer loop diagonal PI controllers). A method to identify the steady state gain matrix of a non-square multivariable (SSGM) unstable system under closed loop control is presented. The effect of disturbances and measurement noise on the identification of SSGM is also discussed.
Entrepreneurship at Regional Level: Temporary and Neighborhood Effects
Authors: Lado-Sestayo Rubén , Neira-Gómez Isabel , Chasco-Yrigoyen Coro
Published: August 2017

This paper analyzes the spatial nature of entrepreneurship at NUTSIII. Lately, academic studies are including the relation between incipient entrepreneurs and geography. In some cases, this relation is considered as unidirectional insofar as the decision to become an entrepreneur can be highly influenced by geographical location. Beyond the cultural and social boundaries that affect the entrepreneur as an individual, there are spatial characteristics that provide advantages of location for some industries. While several studies highlight the role of location and geography as aspects that have an impact on entrepreneurial activity, the externalities generated by such aspects are not considered in empirical work. The aim of this paper is to check how avoiding considering location can have an effect on the results of entrepreneurship research. Our results point that both location and temporary effects have a significant impact on entrepreneurship research results. Thus, it is important to use a temporary and spatial methodological approach in entrepreneurship research to avoid bias.
MUSTv2: An Improved De Novo Detection Program for Recently Active Miniature Inverted Repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs)
Authors: Ge Ruiquan , Mai Guoqin , Zhang Ruochi , Wu Xundong , Wu Qing , Zhou Fengfeng
Published: August 2017

Background

Miniature inverted repeat transposable element (MITE) is a short transposable element, carrying no protein-coding regions. However, its high proliferation rate and sequence-specific insertion preference renders it as a good genetic tool for both natural evolution and experimental insertion mutagenesis. Recently active MITE copies are those with clear signals of Terminal Inverted Repeats (TIRs) and Direct Repeats (DRs), and are recently translocated into their current sites. Their proliferation ability renders them good candidates for the investigation of genomic evolution.

Results

This study optimizes the C++ code and running pipeline of the MITE Uncovering SysTem (MUST) by assuming no prior knowledge of MITEs required from the users, and the current version, MUSTv2, shows significantly increased detection accuracy for recently active MITEs, compared with similar programs. The running speed is also significantly increased compared with MUSTv1. We prepared a benchmark dataset, the simulated genome with 150 MITE copies for researchers who may be of interest.

Conclusions

MUSTv2 represents an accurate detection program of recently active MITE copies, which is complementary to the existing template-based MITE mapping programs. We believe that the release of MUSTv2 will greatly facilitate the genome annotation and structural analysis of the bioOMIC big data researchers.
Topological Relations in Pohnpeian
Authors: Rentz Bradley
Published: August 2017

This article explores a more nuanced understanding of topological relations in the Pohnpeian language (Austronesian). The BowPed Toolkit (Bowerman Melissa and Pederson Eric 1992. Topological relations picture series. In Space stimuli kit 1.2: November 1992, 51, Nijmegen: Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. http://fieldmanuals.mpi.nl/volumes/1992/bowped/.) is employed as an elicitation tool with five Pohnpeian speakers. Evolutionary classification tree modeling is used as a discovery tool to find patterns in the data. The results show that the two prepositions in Pohnpeian, nan and ni, should be redefined in terms of topological relations as ‘containment’ and ‘attachment’ respectively. Likewise the meaning of some prepositional nouns are further revised.
Multiplicity solutions of a class fractional Schrödinger equations
Authors: Jia Li-Jiang , Ge Bin , Cui Ying-Xin , Sun Liang-Liang
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we study the existence of nontrivial solutions to a class fractional Schrödinger equations$$ {( - \Delta )^s}u + V(x)u = \lambda f(x,u)\,\,{\rm in}\,\,{\mathbb{R}^N}, $$where$ {( - \Delta )^s}u(x) = 2\lim\limits_{\varepsilon \to 0} \int_ {{\mathbb{R}^N}\backslash {B_\varepsilon }(X)} {{u(x) - u(y)} \over {|x - y{|^{N + 2s}}}}dy,\,\,x \in {\mathbb{R}^N} $is a fractional operator ands∈ (0, 1). By using variational methods, we prove this problem has at least two nontrivial solutions in a suitable weighted fractional Sobolev space.
Racial Dynamism in Los Angeles, 1900–1964
Authors: Norris Frank
Published: August 2017

Between 1900 and 1964 Los Angeles attracted a sizeable influx of African American tourists and new residents. While race relations may have been better than in the regions from which many of them came, they found a geography of racial restrictions on where they could find tourist lodgings and permanent places to live. A number of guidebooks for African American travelers were published, most famously the annual Green Books, informing readers of the roadside accommodations that would cater to people of color. An analysis of the guidebooks’ entries for Los Angeles, 1930–1964, provides insights on the changing nature of racial discrimination there. Many of the structures they listed are still extant and deserving of commemoration.
Building Mulholland Highway: The Road to Mulholland Drive
Authors: Read Barry
Published: August 2017

This is the third and concluding installment on the origins, construction, and outcome of the twenty-four-mile mountain highway, now known as Mulholland Drive, completed in 1924. It tells how and why the promoters, homeowners, and city government turned from the original vision of a grand scenic boulevard to settle for a winding, narrow, dirt road, eventually paved but still rural. And, finally, it recounts the successful drive in the 1990s to preserve its character as a scenic country road in its natural terrain, running through a great metropolis.
Continuous Existence of Historic Ship Museums
Authors: Byrd Philip R.
Published: August 2017

Keeping museum practices strictly within the confines of the National Register of Historic Places’ period of historical significance guidelines is not sustainable for many museum ships. By defining and using continuous existence, SS John W. Brown is creating a new method of interpretation, marketing, preservation, and programming that tells a larger story. This paper puts SS John W. Brown, a Liberty ship from World War II, operational vessel, and maritime museum, into context by surveying ships on the National Register of Historic Places. As World War II fades from public memory and popular culture, a new methodology is required.
HIIT produces increases in muscle power and free testosterone in male masters athletes
Authors: Herbert P , Hayes LD , Sculthorpe NF , Grace FM
Published: August 2017

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves peak power output (PPO) in sedentary aging men but has not been examined in masters endurance athletes. Therefore, we investigated whether a six-week program of low-volume HIIT would (i) improve PPO in masters athletes and (ii) whether any change in PPO would be associated with steroid hormone perturbations. Seventeen male masters athletes (60 ± 5 years) completed the intervention, which comprised nine HIIT sessions over six weeks. HIIT sessions involved six 30-s sprints at 40% PPO, interspersed with 3 min active recovery. Absolute PPO (799 ± 205 W and 865 ± 211 W) and relative PPO (10.2 ± 2.0 W/kg and 11.0 ± 2.2 W/kg) increased from pre- to post-HIIT respectively (P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.32−0.38). No significant change was observed for total testosterone (15.2 ± 4.2 nmol/L to 16.4 ± 3.3 nmol/L (P = 0.061, Cohen’s d = 0.32)), while a small increase in free testosterone occurred following HIIT (7.0 ± 1.2 ng/dL to 7.5 ± 1.1 ng/dL pre- to post-HIIT (P = 0.050, Cohen’s d = 0.40)). Six weeks’ HIIT improves PPO in masters athletes and increases free testosterone. Taken together, these data indicate there is a place for carefully timed HIIT epochs in regimes of masters athletes.
Steroidogenesis during postnatal testicular development of Galea spixii
Authors: Santos P R S , Oliveira F D , Arroyo M A M , Oliveira M F , Castelucci P , Conley A J , Assis Neto A C
Published: August 2017

The androgen/estrogen balance is essential for normal sexual development and reproduction in mammals. Studies performed herein investigated the potential for estrogen synthesis in cells of the testes of a hystricomorph rodent,Galea spixii. The study characterized the expression of the key enzymes responsible for estrogen and androgen synthesis, cytochromes P450 aromatase (P450arom), 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (P450c17) respectively, as well as the redox partner NADPH cytochrome P450 oxido-reductase (CPR) required to support electron transfer and catalysis of these P450s, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis, throughout postnatal sexual development. Testes (immature, pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal) were collected, fixed for IHC (CYP19, CYP17 and CPR) and stored frozen for qPCR for the relevant gene transcripts (Cyp19a1andCyp17a1). Expression of P450c17 was significantly elevated at the pre-pubertal and pubertal stages. Based on IHC, P450c17 was expressed only in Leydig cell clusters. The expression of P450arom was detectable at all stages of sexual development ofGalea spixii. IHC data suggest that estrogen synthesis was not restricted to somatic cells (Leydig cells/Sertoli cells), but that germ cells may also be capable of converting androgens into estrogens, important for testicular function and spermatogenesis.
The Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Roundup Does Not Elevate Genome-Wide Mutagenesis ofEscherichia coli
Authors: Tincher Clayton , Long Hongan , Behringer Megan , Walker Noah , Lynch Michael
Published: August 2017

Mutations induced by pollutants may promote pathogen evolution, for example by accelerating mutations conferring antibiotic resistance. Generally, evaluating the genome-wide mutagenic effects of long-term sublethal pollutant exposure at single-nucleotide resolution is extremely difficult. To overcome this technical barrier, we use the mutation accumulation/whole-genome sequencing (MA/WGS) method as a mutagenicity test, to quantitatively evaluate genome-wide mutagenesis of Escherichia coli after long-term exposure to a wide gradient of the glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) Roundup Concentrate Plus. The genome-wide mutation rate decreases as GBH concentration increases, suggesting that even long-term GBH exposure does not compromise the genome stability of bacteria.
Dynamic analysis of a fractional-order single-species model with diffusion
Authors: Li Hong Li Li , Zhang Long , Hu Cheng , Jiang Yao Lin Lin , Teng Zhidong
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we consider a fractional-order single-species model which is composed of several patches connected by diffusion. We first prove the existence, uniqueness, non-negativity and boundedness of solutions for the model, as desired in any population dynamics. Moreover, we also obtain some sufficient conditions ensuring the existence and uniform asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium point for the investigated system. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the theoretical results.
On a uniqueness theorem for characteristic functions
Authors: Norvidas Saulius
Published: August 2017

Suppose that f is the characteristic function of a probability measure on the real line R. We deal with the following open problem posed by N.G. Ushakov: Is it true that f is never determined by its imaginary part Im f? In other words, is it true that for any characteristic function f, there exists a characteristic function g such that Im f = Im g, but f ≠ g? The answer to this question is no. We give a characterization of those characteristic functions, which are uniquely determined by their imaginary parts. Also, several examples of characteristic functions, which are uniquely determined by their imaginary parts, are given.
Conocimiento sobre coberturas vivas y disposición a utilizarlas por productores de varios cultivos
Authors: Gómez Gómez Robin , González Lutz María Isabel , Agüero Alvarado Renán , Mexzón Vargas Ramón , Herrera Murillo Franklin , Rodríguez Ruiz Ana María
Published: August 2017

The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge on cover crops and native vegetation mulches and the willingness to implement them by papaya, oil palm, and banana producers in Costa Rica. An evaluation instrument with twenty eight questions to be answered as true or false was developed, and it was used to yield a knowledge indicator. Seven additional questions with responses on a scale from 0 to 5 were included to explore producers’ willingness to implement cover crops or native vegetation mulches on their farms. The evaluation was completed in 2014, and was filled out by 36 papaya producers, 30 oil palm producers, and 57 banana producers. Item analyses to determine reliability produced Cronbach’s alpha values above 90%. For this study a factors analysis was performed in order to determine the measurement of one single variable, knowledge on cover crops and native vegetation mulches. Global knowledge scores varied signi cantly between producer groups. Banana producers assessments yielded the highest mean with the lowest variability, whereas papaya producers had the lower mean and the highest variability. Likewise, answers to each of the questions differed importantly between producer groups. It was also determined that producers of these crops are willing to implement and get training on cover crops and native vegetation mulches.
Digestión de materia seca, proteína cruda y aminoácidos de la dieta de vacas lecheras
Authors: Duque Quintero Monica , Rosero Noguera Ricardo , Olivera Ángel Marta
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the digestion of dry matter (MS), crude protein (PC) and amino acids (AA) in dairy cows. Two cannulated cows were used for the determination of passage rate (Kp), in situ ruminal degradability (DR) and intestinal digestibility (DI) by abomasal catheter. The data to calculate Kp was analyzed with NLIN procedure by SAS, and descriptive statistics for DR and DI of MS, PC and AA from Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), a commercial supplement and two sources of rumen-protected AA. The study showed a Kp and a ruminal retention time of 0.036 h-1 and 27.4 h. The highest values from DR of MS and CP were from Kikuyu grass (69.0 and 61.8%) and concentrate (84.7 and 77.2%), followed by MetP (60.2 and 66.7%) and LysP (6.72 and 11.4%). The highest percentages of rumen indegradable amino acids (AADR) were from Kikuyu and concentrate, varying between 58.7 and 68% in forage, and 76.1 and 82.9% in the concentrate. The DR was 11.5 and 65.8% in LysP and MetP, respectively. The DI of AA (%AADR) varied between 42.3 and 77.4% for Kikuyu and 42.2 and 59.3% for concentrate. The values for the protected amino acids were 42.1 for LysP and 58.6 for MetP.
The Dual Alignments of the Solstitial Churches in North Wales
Authors: Brady Bernadette
Published: August 2017

In the north of Wales, there are 105 churches that have stonework dated to the thirteenth century or earlier. Of these, only twelve are oriented to face the summer solstice sunrise. Additionally, all of these solstitial churches are located in the northern-most counties of Wales, near or around the valleys which flow beside the Snowdonia Mountains or to the east of the mountains. The twelve solstitial churches take their landscape into account and, thus, vary considerably in their azimuths in order to align to the actual sunrise of the summer solstice. In such terrain, one would expect a wide and diverse collection of western declinations, yet these twelve churches fall into three distinct regional bands of western declination. The twelve solstice churches have western declinations that align them either with the winter solstice sunset (this is the natural alignment) or with the period of early February or early November. With all the churches fitting into these declination patterns, this paper presents an argument for the origin of this apparent intentionality based on the history of the region. The Isle of Anglesey, in the Roman period, was one of Europe’s major Druidic centres of learning and their naked- eye astronomy skills are evident in artefacts such as the Coligny calendar. Based on this background, this paper suggests that the original fifth or sixth century churches, which were later rebuilt in stone, appropriated pre-existing sacred sites. Thus, today, these Welsh historical churches appear to have preserved, in their medieval walls, older non-Christian orientations.
An Investigation of the possible Equinox Alignment at Mnajdra, Malta
Authors: Ventura Frank J. , Agius George
Published: August 2017

A general study of the orientations of the prehistoric temples of Malta showed that the main axis of the Mnajdra I temple had the same orientation as the equinox sunrise. But was this a coincidence or a deliberate choice of the temple builders? This query led to a survey of the karstic terrain forming the eastern skyline of Mnajdra for any evidence of observations of sunrise in the Neolithic age, especially at the solstices. This report describes the procedure, observations and challenges of this survey, as well as the discovery of some interesting features, including two possible postholes. Further measurements showed that a post in the southernmost hole could have been used as a foresight, marking winter solstice sunrise fairly accurately. The other possible posthole is off-set from the summer solstice sunrise position by about three degrees in azimuth. A discussion of the relevance of these findings concludes this report.
Postscript
Authors: Ruggles Clive L. N.
Published: August 2017

-
Dry granular flow interaction with dual-barrier systems
Authors: Ng C. W. W. , Choi C. E. , Koo R. C. H. , Goodwin G. R. , Song D. , Kwan J. S. H.
Published: August 2017

Multiple barriers are commonly installed along predicted geophysical flow paths to intercept large flow volumes. The main criterion for multiple-barrier design is volume retained. The velocity of the incoming (far-field) undisturbed flow is also sometimes used, although this neglects the influence of other obstacles on the flow characteristics. This study investigates the influence of upstream flow–barrier interaction on downstream runup and impact mechanisms of a dual rigid barrier system. Four physical flume tests were performed using dry sand to investigate flow interaction with dual barriers. Moreover, three-dimensional finite-element simulations were conducted to back-analyse the flume tests and to investigate the effects of upstream barrier height and barrier spacing on downstream impact characteristics. Two key interaction mechanisms that alter downstream flow are identified: (a) flow momentum redirection (i.e. runup) at the upstream barrier, reducing pre-impact momentum at the downstream; and (b) downstream flow-thinning. Runup mechanisms at the upstream barrier and flow-thinning between the two successive barriers have profound effects on dynamic impact pressures at the downstream barrier. When the upstream barrier height is taller than twice the maximum flow thickness, flow energy can be dissipated effectively by momentum redirection. The downstream barrier height and design impact pressure can be reduced up to 17% and 35% for dry sand flows, respectively.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of two-culm bamboo beams
Authors: García-Aladín María Fernanda , Correal Juan Francisco , García José Jaime
Published: August 2017

Guadua angustifolia is a species of bamboo native to South America. The aim of this study was to accomplish experiments and finite-element simulations to determine the stiffness of two-culm G. angustifolia beams, as typically used in the construction of low-rise buildings. Calculations were also accomplished to find the moment of inertia (i.e. effective) to assess beam deflections using a solid mechanics formula that includes bending and shear effects. First, full-scale tests of simple culms were performed with four different spans to find the axial and the circumferential–axial shear moduli. Next, full-scale tests of two-culm beams with two shear connectors located at L/6 from the supports were performed. There was a marginal increase of stiffness compared to that of two-culm beams without connectors. Finite-element simulations confirmed that the stiffness of two-culm beams with connectors is similar to that of two superimposed culms. Only the addition of cement mortar yielded an important increase of stiffness. Results indicate the need to reformulate the calculation of the effective moment of inertia of multiple-culm bamboo beams, as the value calculated using the parallel axis theorem is too large, and yields deflections substantially lower than those obtained experimentally.
Monetary Policy in a Low Interest Rate World
Authors: Kiley Michael T. , Roberts John M.
Published: August 2017

Nominal interest rates may remain substantially below the averages of the last half-century, as central bank’s inflation objectives lie below the average level of inflation and estimates of the real interest rate likely to prevail over the long run fall notably short of the average real interest rate experienced over this period. Persistently low nominal interest rates may lead to more frequent and costly episodes at the effective lower bound (ELB) on nominal interest rates. We revisit the frequency and potential costs of such episodes in a low-interest-rate world in a dynamic-stochastic-general-equilibrium (DSGE) model and large-scale econometric model, the FRB/US model. Several conclusions emerge. First, monetary policy strategies based on traditional policy rules lead to poor economic performance when the equilibrium interest rate is low, with economic activity and inflation more volatile and systematically falling short of desirable levels. Moreover, the frequency and length of ELB episodes under such policy approaches is significantly higher than in previous studies. Second, a risk-adjustment to a simple rule in which monetary policymakers are more accommodative, on average, than prescribed by the rule ensures that inflation achieves its 2 percent objective and requires that policymakers aim at inflation near 3 percent when the ELB is not binding. Third, commitment strategies in which monetary accommodation is not removed until either inflation or economic activity overshoot their long-run objectives are very effective in both the DSGE and FRB/US model. Finally, our results suggest that the adverse effects associated with the ELB may be substantial at inflation targets near 2 percent if r* is low and monetary policy follows a traditional policy approach. Whether such adverse effects could justify a higher inflation target depends on whether monetary policy strategies substantially different from traditional approaches are feasible and an assessment of the effects of the inflation target on economic welfare.
UTRaLab – Urban Traffic Research Laboratory
Authors: Kozempel Karsten , Luber Andreas , Junghans Marek
Published: August 2017

The Urban Traffic Research Laboratory (UTRaLab) is a research and test track for traffic detection methods and sensors. It is located at the Ernst-Ruska-Ufer, in the southeast of the city of Berlin (Germany). The UTRaLab covers 1 km of a highly-frequented urban road and is connected to a motorway. It is equipped with two gantries with distance of 850 m in between and has several outstations for data collection. The gantries contain many different traffic sensors like inductive loops, cameras, lasers or wireless sensors for traffic data acquisition. Additionally a weather station records environmental data. The UTRaLab’s main purposes are the data collection of traffic data on the one hand and testing newly developed sensors on the other hand.
A pesquisa na formação de professores: experiências de licenciandos dos cursos de Física e Matemática
Authors: Pinto Hallyson Da Silva , Barros Aparecida Da Silva Xavier , Silveira Júlio César De Queiroz
Published: August 2017

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre como as atividades de pesquisa estão sendo vivenciadas por discentes dos cursos de Licenciatura em Física e Matemática de uma instituição do estado da Paraíba. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa (GIL, 2002), na qual foram utilizados os seguintes procedimentos de levantamento de dados: análise documental, questionário com dados sociodemográficos (idade, sexo, escolaridade, religião etc.) e entrevistas do tipo semiestruturadas. Os interlocutores da pesquisa foram quatorze discentes dos cursos citados. Conclui-se que as experiências com pesquisa durante a licenciatura podem propiciar o desenvolvimento de aprendizados importantes, portanto precisam ser cada vez mais incentivadas e apoiadas pelas instituições formadoras
La excepción de eficiencia económica. Análisis de su viabilidad en el régimen de competencia colombiano, desde la óptica del derecho económico
Authors: Maldonado Narváez Marlon Iván
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo analiza la excepción de eficiencia económica prevista en la Ley 1340 de 2009, a la luz de los aspectos económicos previstos en la Constitución Política de Colombia, en especial relación con las previsiones del artículo 333, y el mantenimiento de las políticas propias del Estado Social de Derecho. En especial, en la forma como la posibilidad de libertad de empresa prevista en virtud del mandato constitucional choca con los fines sociales y del ordenamiento jurídico del cual el Estado es garante, en procura del mantenimiento del equilibrio económico, del correcto desarrollo de la competencia empresarial, y por último, pero no menos importante, de la protección de los consumidores.
Un enfoque de política sobre neutralidad de red en países en desarrollo
Authors: Aldana Jáuregui Ana Teresa , Vallejo Concha Azucena
Published: August 2017

En las últimas décadas, el sector de Tecnologías e Información y Comunicaciones (TIC) ha sufrido cambios significativos en la estructura del mercado, la tecnología, las políticas y la regulación, que han generado una dinámica en el sector, induciendo la revisión e innovación permanente de las políticas. Actualmente, uno de los debates mundiales se centra en si debería existir control sobre contenidos y aplicaciones transmitidas por las redes de comunicaciones, conocido como neutralidad de red. Este trabajo analiza la neutralidad de red, partiendo del debate, aplicaciones y modelos económicos, para realizar un diagnóstico de las condiciones bajo las cuales un país en desarrollo puede enfocar su regulación. El trabajo no busca el planteamiento de un nuevo modelo, sino la identificación de un modelo susceptible de aplicar, dadas las condiciones particulares de estos países. Se adopta una metodología de Mercados Bilaterales sustentada en modelos ya desarrollados, buscando capturar las particularidades de estos mercados. Se concluye que una política de neutralidad de red puede considerar diferentes niveles de discriminación, con el fin de que los costos y los beneficios de dicha política no sean asumidos por un solo lado del mercado y considere las múltiples dimensiones que involucra este problema.
Evaluating the EMDR Group Traumatic Episode Protocol With Refugees: A Field Study
Authors: Lehnung Maria , Shapiro Elan , Schreiber Melanie , Hofmann Arne
Published: August 2017

In 2015, more than 1.5 million refugees arrived in Germany, many severely traumatized. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy has been proven to be an effective treatment for acute and chronic traumatic stress symptoms. A modification for provision in group settings was developed by E. Shapiro: the EMDR Group Traumatic Episode Protocol (G-TEP). In this field study, we investigated the effectiveness of 2 sessions of EMDR G-TEP in treating traumatized refugees. After receiving a psychoeducation session, 18 Arabic-speaking refugees from Syria and Iraq who had come to Germany during the previous 5 months were assigned to treatment and/or waitlist. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered at pre- and posttreatment. Analysis was conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test and planned Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests. Results showed significant differences between the treatment and the waitlist groups, indicating a significant decline in IES-R scores (p < .05). Although differences in BDI scores did not reach significance (p = .06), a large decline in BDI scores was seen in the treatment group. These results provide preliminary evidence that it might be effective to treat groups of traumatized refugees with EMDR G-TEP.
Apresentação
Authors: Mori Angel Corbera
Published: August 2017

Este número da revista LIAMES está dedicado à publicação de trabalhos apresentados no 2° Macro-Jê (Encontro de Pesquisadores de Línguas Jê e Macro-Jê), realizado no IEL-UNICAMP em maio de 2002. A primeira parte reúne oito trabalhos que tratam de línguas (e culturas) de povos da família lingüística Jê, enquanto a segunda parte traz oito trabalhos em línguas Macro-Jê pertencentes a outras famílias.
Xikrín e Línguas Tupí-Guarani
Authors: Cabral Ana Suelly , Costa Lucivaldo da
Published: August 2017

Neste estudo são mostrados alguns paralelismos gramaticais entre a língua Xikrín (família Jê) e línguas Tupí-Guaraní, tais como a expressão de posse indireta e o sistema de relacionais, inclusive o morfema me)-, que no Xikrín sinaliza um determinante genérico e humano. Esses paralelismos podem constituir evidências adicionais para a proposta de existência de afinidades entre Jê e Tupí, aventada por Rodrigues (1985, 1992).
Aguçando o entendimento dos ter mos triádicos Mẽbengôkre via aborígenes australianos: dialogando com Merlan e outros
Authors: Lea Vanessa
Published: August 2017

O trabalho enfoca os termos triádicos encontrados na língua Me)bengokre, com o intuito de estimular comparações com as demais sociedades Jê. Alguns antropólogos notaram a existência de tais termos, mas os consideraram circunlocuções, relativas à afinidade. O leque de termos que encontrei demonstra que não se limita a termos referentes aos afins. Tentei reduzi-los a uma espécie de equação, do tipo: ‘meu filho = teu filho classificatório’. Após vinte anos sem conseguir avançar esta discussão, descobri termos análogos naAustrália, onde foram analisadas por F. Merlan e mais alguns autores. Tais termos compõem uma série distinta dos termos básicos de referência e vocativos. Demonstram um requinte lógico, preenchendo uma lacuna semântica que falta em línguas como inglês ou português. Manifestam noções de geometria (ou etno-matemática), demonstrando, no caso Me)bengôkre, a sofisticação de uma sociedade que há pouco mais de meio século atrás foi rotulada como ‘marginal’ à floresta tropical.
Os Kaingáng e Xokléng no panorama dos Povos Jê
Authors: Veiga Juracilda
Published: August 2017

Esse trabalho chama a atenção para a importância de se incorporar o conhecimento e a pesquisa acerca dos Jê Meridionais, Kaingáng e Xokléng, ao panorama das discussões e análises sobre as sociedades Jê, do qual têm ficado de fora, seja por desinformação, seja por falta de maiores pesquisas, no passado, a respeito de sua organização social.
Diferenças entre as falas feminina e masculina no Karajá e em outras línguas brasileiras
Authors: Borges Mônica Veloso
Published: August 2017

O Karajá (Família Karajá) é falado por aproximadamente dois mil indígenas (em Goiás, Mato Grosso e Tocantins). Essa língua possui distinções, conforme o sexo do falante, no nível fonético-fonológico, as quais foram descritas por Borges (1997), tais como: a) distinções no ataque de uma ou duas sílabas; b) diferenças no ataque e no núcleo de uma sílaba medial; e c) diferença nos segmentos que compõem as sílabas. As distinções entre as falas do homem e da mulher podem ser encontradas também em empréstimos tomados ao português. Nesse trabalho são apresentadas essas diferenças e são discutidos dados de outras línguas brasileiras, tais como Xavante (também Macro-Jê). A conclusão é que as diferenças entre as falas, no Karajá, parecem ser distintas das que ocorrem em outras línguas brasileiras, que, quando manifestam esse fenômeno, têm distinções mais marcadas no nível morfossintático, como o Kamayurá e o Kokáma (ambas da Família Tupi-Guarani), e em Xavante.
Fenômeno do bilingüismo na sociedade Karajá e no processo escolar
Authors: Silva Maria do Socorro Pimentel da
Published: August 2017

Neste trabalho tratamos do bilingüismo na sociedade Karajá, bem como as causas e conseqüências geradas por esse fenômeno, em decorrência de uma relação discursiva assimétrica e diglóssica desses indígenas com a sociedade não-indígena. Os Karajá vivem hoje em 12 aldeias, cada uma apresentando uma situação sociolingüística distinta, mas todas elas têm experimentado, ao longo dos anos, a imposição de valores culturais externos, que tem contribuído com a desvalorização de sua língua materna e até mesmo a perda de espaços discursivos a ela reservada. Em muitas comunidades Karajá, a língua materna está ameaçada de extinção. Muitos de seus membros, principalmente os jovens, são hoje monolíngües em língua portuguesa, situação que compromete a sobrevivência dessa língua nesse contexto.
Alguns aspectos da língua Guató
Authors: Palácio Adair
Published: August 2017

A língua Guató, falada por remanescentes de um povo indígena do Rio Paraguai (fronteira Brasil-Bolivia), foi classificada geneticamente no tronco Macro-Jê por Rodrigues (1970), mas sem nenhuma relação lingüística mais imediata com qualquer outra língua ou família lingüística conhecida. Sua descrição foi formalizada em Palácio 1984. No presente trabalho, são descritos alguns aspectos daquela língua: a flexão pessoal verbal e o sistema numeral.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial Equipe
Published: August 2017

Em 2014, Terræ Didatica atingiu frequência quadrimestral, tem sido publicada com regularidade desde então. As condições anormais da economia brasileira em 2017 recomendam manter o padrão, pois as empresas temem dispender recursos em publicidade. Pretendemos tornar a revista trimestral em 2018, o que demandará maior fluxo de novos artigos. Eventos de 2018 em Campinas O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino e História de Ciências da Terra (PEHCT) do IG-Unicamp decidiu apoiar com máxima ênfase dois eventos a serem realizados no Centro de Convenções da Unicamp, em julho de 2018. A primeira circular que lançou o convite aos interessados acaba de ser distribuída. Trata-se da 8º Conferência da Organização Internacional de Educação em Geociências (IGEO) / VIII GeoSciEd 2018 e o 8º Simpósio Nacional sobre Ensino e História de Ciências da Terra / EnsinoGEO-2018. Os eventos buscam encontrar formas de disseminar o conhecimento das Geociências para diferentes povos, em especial para a comunidade latino-americana...
Grupo de Ensino de Geologia: Inovação Curricular no Instituto de Geociências USP (1973-1978)
Authors: Carneiro Celso Dal Ré , Amaral Ivan Amorosino do , Gonçalves Pedro Wagner , Toledo Maria Cristina Motta de
Published: August 2017

O Grupo de Ensino de Geologia surgiu no início de 1973, quando o Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) passou a oferecer disciplina básica de Geologia Geral para alunos de Geologia, Geografia e Ciências Biológicas e optativa para cursos como Física, Química e Matemática (sigla GGG-121). A carga horária de 60 horas e os cerca de 500 alunos atendidos por ano exigiram alterações radicais: corpo docente, objetivos educacionais, conteúdo programático, metodologia de ensino e critérios de constituição de dez turmas cada ano, cinco por semestre. A equipe da disciplina teve autonomia para realizar mudanças (Amaral 2014), sendo coordenada por docente especializado no ensino de Geologia Introdutória no nível superior (IAA)...
Uma revisão dos fundamentos do estudo de inclusões fluidas aquosas e de petróleo
Authors: Pestilho André Luiz Silva , Monteiro Lena Virgínia Soares
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho visa introduzir as bases conceituais, a filosofia e o estado da arte atual do estudo de inclusões fluidas. O texto inicia com uma breve visão geral de desenvolvimento histórico e do estado atual desse campo de estudo. A partir deste ponto são abordados os principais conceitos quanto a origem das inclusões fluidas e as premissas básicas para interpretação dos parâmetros derivados das inclusões (Regras de Roedder). Por fim, são apresentadas as bases da intepretação dos dados microtermométricos, com exemplos de sistemas químicos de inclusões fluidas aquosas, além de uma revisão dos conceitos que envolvem o estudo das inclusões fluidas de petróleo.
Lâmpada de lava como experimento didático de simulação de plumas mantélicas
Authors: Coelho Raphael Martins , Chaves Alexandre de Oliveira
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho apresenta a lâmpada de lava como valioso material didático que permite a experimentação analógica para ilustrar importante processo geodinâmico que envolve a ascensão de plumas mantélicas no manto inferior da Terra.