bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saudi Vision 2030 and International Media Coverage and Response: A comparative Study
Authors: Almakaty Safran Safar
Published: June 2024

Saudi Vision 2030 represents an ambitious transformative economic and social reform initiative aimed at decreasing Saudi Arabia's dependence on oil revenue while fostering a dynamic public sector and increasing international investment. This research paper critically examines the international media's response to Saudi Vision 2030, exploring the portrayal across disparate regions including the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, the broader Middle East, the United States, Russia, the European Union, and Asia through a qualitative content analysis methodology. This comprehensive study focuses on assessing the themes, narratives, bias, and objectivity manifested in international media coverage and investigates the implications of these representations on global public perception. The findings suggest nuanced variances in how Saudi Vision 2030 is reported internationally, significantly influenced by regional political interests, economic ties, and cultural connections with Saudi Arabia. The paper delves into this comparative analysis, highlighting how media in different regions prioritize certain themes such as economic diversification, human rights, and technological advancement, depending on their geopolitical agenda. The analysis extends to uncover underlying biases and degrees of objectivity within media portrayals, offering an understanding of how such biases could potentially sway public opinion and international relations. Further, the study evaluates the impact of media coverage on the international reception of Saudi Vision 2030, proposing that differences in media narratives can affect the initiative's global effectiveness and acceptance. This paper not only sheds light on the role of media in framing international policy discussions but also provides specific insights that might be employed by policymakers, media analysts, and scholars in crafting more informed strategies and narratives around significant global reforms like Saudi Vision 2030. The implications drawn from this analysis suggest pathways for future research, particularly in the areas of media influence on policymaking and the dynamics of international news portrayal.
Desarrollo Turístico y Liderazgo en Situación Pandemia COVID-19. Caso Provincia de Pastaza, Ecuador
Authors: Erazo Calvopiña Rina Monserrat , Barrera Castro Mario Javier , Salazar Sánchez Indira Salomé , Fernández Rodríguez Sheyla Israela , Montalvan Fernández Anabell Stefania
Published: June 2024

Esta investigación tiene como base el estudio de los estilos de liderazgo que se aplican en el actuar de la Mesa de Turismo de la Provincia de Pastaza en Ecuador. Este estudio tiene un enfoque cualitativo, la investigación es descriptiva y de campo a través de la observación directa incluyendo la participación activa en el proceso de fortalecimiento de este organismo como fueron talleres y sesiones de trabajo. El Objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los estilos de liderazgo que emplean en el accionar de la Mesa de Turismo de la Provincia de Pastaza como ente concertador y coordinador del desarrollo turístico sostenible de la provincia mencionada. Los Resultados de esta investigación ayudan a la identificación de los estilos de liderazgo que se están aplicando y al fortalecimiento de este organismo para ejercer su liderazgo en el ámbito turístico de la provincia de Pastaza.
Forensic materials and test methods
Authors: Findik Fehim
Published: June 2024

In recent years, forensic engineering, a growing field of engineering, has developed. If the product malfunctions prematurely, the user will not be able to use that product, and sometimes it may lead to personal injuries. Sophisticated techniques such as SEM and DSC are used to study these problems. Forensic engineers evaluate documentary evidence so that the court can make the right decision. In this study, forensic materials and test methods are discussed. For this purpose, first, the concept of Forensic Engineering was introduced and the defects occurring in the products were examined. Then, in case of a dispute between the parties, it is explained how forensic engineers examine the products and prepare an expert report to resolve the dispute. Finally, how and with which devices macroscopic and microscopic tests, mechanical and thermal tests were performed were examined.
Flammable gas dispersion modelling on an offshore platform
Authors: Nur Syazni Mohd Suyut  , Mohd Fadhil Majnis  , Soraya Tamara Abdul Malik
Published: June 2024

Flammable gas dispersed from the vent on an offshore platform can react in an explosive manner by the existence of air or pure oxygen at a certain concentration within its flammability limits. Due to unwanted accidents that might occur, resulting in loss of life and asset damage thus, flammable gas dispersion modelling was conducted to identify any recommendation or mitigation if required. Due to no risk assessment on the offshore platform to perceive the dispersion model based on various perspectives, multiple software was used in assessing recommendations and mitigation. Therefore, the flammable gas dispersion study carried out was to obtain dispersion modelling on the identified offshore platform's vent as an early solution to avoid the occurrence of risk scenario. The model of flammable gas dispersion has been developed by using two notable fire and explosion modelling software: Areal Locations of Hazardous Analysis (ALOHA) and Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool (PHAST). The meteorological conditions consist of wind speed, and atmospheric stability has been used as manipulated variables. Meanwhile, the vent designs (height, diameter, angle, pressure, temperature and flowrate of flammable gas release) and vent composition remain unchanged for all the selected weather conditions. The impairment assessment conducted showed the dispersion contour obtained through ALOHA and PHAST, no risk reduction and recommendations required as the plume dispersed at the highest cloud height, thus both the manned area or escape routes and muster area were not affected by the flammable gas released from the vent.
Biological Aspects of Multiple Myeloma in Pzaga Teaching Hospital Mahajanga, Western Madagascar
Authors: Batavisoaniatsy EE , Rakotoarivelo ZH , Razafindrakoto AC , Rasoatsimbarivelo N , Rajaonatahina HD , Rabenandrianina ATTH
Published: June 2024

Multiple myeloma is malignant proliferation of a plasma cell clones in the bone marrow. Incidence increases with age. We aimed to report biological aspects of multiple myeloma diagnosed at PZaGa Teaching Hospital, from 2016 to 2021. A 6-year retrospective, descriptive study was conducted including patient files underwent a bone marrow smears at Haematological laboratory. We included all patients diagnosed with myeloma on bone marrow smears with plasmacytosis more than 10%, associated with one or more CRAB criteria (hypercalcaemia, renal involvement, anaemia, bone lesion). Demographic, biological parameters were assessed. We enrolled 15 cases of multiple myeloma (2.5 cases per year). Mean age was 57.93 years, with sex ratio 1.5. Bone pain was the main clinical reason (80%). Anaemia was found in 66.7% of cases. Plasma cells infiltration range between 30 to 60% was found in 86.60%. Serum protein electrophoresis was performed in only 13.30% of cases (n=2), with a monoclonal peak in IgG. Hypercalcaemia was found in 33.30% of myeloma and 86.70% of patients developed renal failure. Practice of cytologic study of bone marrow smears by assessing plasma cell infiltration is a decisive step to diagnose multiple myeloma in this region of Madagascar.
Investigation of the Relationship between Blood Pressure and Obesity among the Youth of Balkh Province During 2023
Authors: Hakim Hakmati Abdul
Published: June 2024

High blood pressure and obesity are two global health problems and are currently prevalent throughout the world. These problems are of particular concern among young people, as they can lead to serious problems throughout life. High blood pressure is one of the most common and important human problems, and almost a quarter of all deaths in the elderly are the result of high blood pressure or its complications. The statistical population of this research was young people (20-30 years old) of the first, second and third districts of Mazar-e-Sharif city in terms of height, weight and blood pressure. The initial measures were taken by the doctor. The weight of young people was measured with clothes, height without shoes. Blood pressure was measured after 5 minutes of rest and in a sitting position with a needle sphygmomanometer and placing a stethoscope under the appropriate cuff. This research is based on (80) people who were selected randomly; There have been. The findings showed that among the respondents, there were (60) men and (20) women, and the average height and weight of women was reported to be higher than that of men. . Therefore, obesity is one of the determinants of blood pressure in young people and adolescents, and in the present study, different weight groups had significant differences in blood pressure. The average systolic pressure in girls was significantly higher than boys. Weight group and gender were significantly and independently related to systolic blood pressure and there was no interaction between weight group and gender. A significant difference between the average systolic blood pressure of overweight people and people with normal zone has been obtained. The systolic blood pressure of girls is significantly higher than that of boys, and weight group and gender are significantly and independently related to systolic blood pressure. The average diastolic pressure was not observed with weight group and sex.
Assessment of the international cooperation resource potential in the context of the company’s business-processes
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, Plakhin Andrey , Dubrovsky Valery ,   Ural State University of Economics, Radzhab Моkhamed ,   Ural State University of Economics
Published: June 2024

The relevance of the study for assessing the international cooperation resource potential in the context of business-processes is due to the search for methods that make it possible to adapt the activities of Russian enterprises to operate under conditions of restrictions and external pressure. Using the decomposition of resource potential in the context of the company’s business-processes in the decision-making model for choosing directions for international cooperation makes it possible to increase the efficiency of this process by taking into account the conditions for implementing the company’s operating activities. The purpose of the article is to develop and test a methodology for assessing the resource potential of international cooperation in the context of a company’s business-processes. The results obtained make it possible to determine the directions of international cooperation for SVEL group of companies, including the directions of international cooperation in terms of innovative potential in order to attract new technologies and innovative solutions in the implementation of such business-processes as “Production of dry-type transformers”, “Product sales”, “Marketing” and possible cooperation in terms of transferring production potential to a foreign partner.
Formation of competitive human capital as a priority area of labor market development
Authors:   Perm Branch of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tsarenko Irina
Published: June 2024

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that in the conditions of rapid transformation of the Russian economy the existing labor resources are not ready to compete in the labor market, as well as to rapidly adapt to the given pace of technological development of the country. For further qualitative development of human capital, it is necessary to assess the impact of possible factors, on which its competitiveness depends to a greater extent. Thus, the article identifies age periods of the life cycle of human capital, each period has its own individual characteristics and development trends. The algorithm of formation of competitive human capital is presented in order to determine the optimal and prospective development scenario.
Systematic risk analysis of mineral resource development projects — a condition for planning sustainable development of the Arctic zone of Russia
Authors:   National Research Institute of World Economy and International Re- lations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Grigoryev Mikhail
Published: June 2024

For the first time, a systematic analysis of the risks of developing investment projects for the development of mineral raw materials in the Arctic zone of Russia was carried out along the entire chain of elements: Upstream (Search and Production) - Midstream (Transportation) - Downstream (Sales) in order to identify priority technological tasks, the solution of which is necessary to ensure their sustainable development. The main restrictions on the development of year-round shipping in the water area of the Northern Sea Route have been identified. Assessments of the sustainability of the economic development of the Arctic zone based on the entire set of risks of projects and the determination of priority tasks for overcoming them should be coordinated by specialized scientific councils in accordance with the tasks assigned to the Russian Academy of Sciences "expert support of the activities of government bodies and organizations." The primary task is to revise the documents of strategic planning for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, developed in other geopolitical conditions, correlating their goals and objectives with the current capabilities of the country.
THE EFFICIENCY OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS IN CLASSIFYING NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Authors: Maciejauskaitė Milda , Miliauskaitė Jolanta
Published: June 2024

Machine learning (ML) algorithms are more and more widely applied in various types of systems, so the research related to them is also increasing. One of the areas of research under consideration is the classification of non-functional requirements (NFRs) using ML algorithms. This area of research is important because the automatic classification of NFRs using high-performance ML algorithms and corresponding features helps requirements engineers classify non-functional requirements more accurately. This paper examines ML algorithms suitable for solving classification problems and their effectiveness in classifying non-functional requirements. Based on the described stages of the research methodology ML algorithms models were compared using the accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score metrics. A majority voting classifier model was created using Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes and K Nearest Neighbor Algorithm algorithms. After K-Fold cross validation were obtained these results: accuracy – 0.710 (scale from 0 to 1), precision – 0.845, recall – 0.814 and F-score – 0.815.
Estimating the Atmospheric Parameters of Early-type Stars from the Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) Slitless Spectra Survey
Authors: Rao JiaRui , Chen HaiLiang , Xiong JianPing , Wang LuQian , Guo YanJun , Li JiaJia , Liu Chao , Han ZhanWen , Chen XueFei
Published: June 2024

The measurement of atmospheric parameters is fundamental for scientific research using stellar spectra. The Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST), scheduled to be launched in 2024, will provide researchers with hundreds of millions of slitless spectra for stars during a 10 yr survey. And machine learning has unparalleled efficiency in processing large amounts of data compared to manual processing. Here we studied the stellar parameters of early-type stars (effective temperature T
eff > 15,000 K) based on the design indicators of the CSST slitless spectrum and the machine learning algorithm, Stellar LAbel Machine. We used the Potsdam Wolf–Rayet (POWR) synthetic spectra library for cross validation. Then we tested the reliability of machine learning results by using the Next Generation Spectrum Library (NGSL) from Hubble Space Telescope observation data. In an ideal case for full-wavelength spectra without any noise, the average absolute value of the relative deviation is 2.7% (800 K) for T
eff, and 3.5% (0.11 c.g.s) for surface gravity

log

g

. We use the spectra with the impact of interstellar extinction (AV = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mag) and radial velocity (RV = −50, −30, 0, 30, 50 km s−1) from the POWR library as the test set. When RV = 0 km s−1 and AV = 0 mag, the average value and standard deviation for 3 wavelength ranges (2550–4050 Å (R = 287); 4050–6300 Å (R = 232); 6300–10000 Å (R = 207)) are –66 ± 3351 K, 550 ± 3536 K, and 356 ± 3616 K for T
eff, and 0.004 ± 0.224 c.g.s, –0.024 ± 0.246 c.g.s, and 0.01 ± 0.212 c.g.s for

log

g

. When using the observed data from NGSL as the testing samples, the deviation of T
eff is less than 5% (1500 K), and the deviation of

log

g

is less than 11% (0.33 c.g.s). In addition, we also test the influence of shifting of spectra on the parameters’ accuracy. The deviation of T
eff for the case with a shift of 5 Å and 10 Å are 3.6% (1100 K) and 4.3% (1300 K), respectively; the deviation of

log

g

are 4.2% (0.13 c.g.s) and 5.1% (0.15 c.g.s). These results demonstrate that we can obtain relatively accurate stellar parameters of a population of early-type stars with the CSST slitless spectra and a machine-learning method.
The Baryonic Tully–Fisher Relation. I. WISE/Spitzer Photometry
Authors: Duey Francis , Schombert James , McGaugh Stacy , Lelli Federico
Published: June 2024

We present Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) W1 photometry of the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves sample. The baseline of near-IR fluxes is established for use by stellar mass models, a key component to the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation and other kinematic galaxies scaling relations. We focus this paper on determination of the characteristics of the W1 fluxes compared to IRAC 3.6 μm fluxes, internal accuracy limitations from photometric techniques, external accuracy by comparison to other work in the literature and the range of W1 to IRAC 3.6 μm colors. We outline the behavior of SDSS g, W1 and IRAC 3.6 colors with respect to underlying spectral energy distribution features. We also note a previously unknown correlation between WISE colors and the central surface brightness, probably related to the low metallicity of low-surface-brightness dwarfs.
Internal 1000 au Scale Structures of the R CrA Cluster-forming Cloud. I. Filamentary Structures
Authors: Tachihara Kengo , Fukaya Naofumi , Tokuda Kazuki , Yamasaki Yasumasa , Nishioka Takeru , Abe Daisei , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Harada Naoto , Shoshi Ayumu , Nozaki Shingo , Sato Asako , Omura Mitsuki , Fujishiro Kakeru , Fukagawa Misato , Machida Masahiro N. , Kanai Takahiro , Oasa Yumiko , Onishi Toshikazu , Saigo Kazuya , Fukui Yasuo
Published: June 2024

We report Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array/Atacama Compact Array observations of a high-density region of the Corona Australis cloud forming a young star cluster, and the results of resolving internal structures. In addition to embedded Class 0/I protostars in the continuum, a number of complex dense filamentary structures are detected in the C18O and SO lines by the 7 m array. These are substructures of the molecular clump that are detected by the total power array as extended emission. We identify 101 and 37 filamentary structures with widths of a few thousand astronomical units in C18O and SO, respectively, which are called feathers. The typical column density of the feathers in C18O is about 1022 cm−2, and the volume density and line mass are ∼105 cm−3 and a few M
☉ pc−1, respectively. This line mass is significantly smaller than the critical line mass expected for cold and dense gas. These structures have complex velocity fields, indicating a turbulent interior. The number of feathers associated with Class 0/I protostars is only ∼10, indicating that most of them do not form stars but rather are transient structures. The formation of feathers can be interpreted as a result of colliding gas flow because the morphology is well reproduced by MHD simulations, and this is supported by the presence of H i shells in the vicinity. The colliding gas flows may accumulate gas and form filaments and feathers, and trigger the active star formation of the R CrA cluster.
Detection of Accretion Shelves Out to the Virial Radius of a Low-mass Galaxy with JWST
Authors: Conroy Charlie , Johnson Benjamin D. , van Dokkum Pieter , Deason Alis , Tacchella Sandro , Belli Sirio , Bowman William P. , Naidu Rohan P. , Park Minjung , Abraham Roberto , Emami Razieh
Published: June 2024

We report the serendipitous discovery of an extended stellar halo surrounding the low-mass galaxy Ark 227 (M
* = 5 × 109
M
⊙; d = 35 Mpc) in deep JWST NIRCam imaging from the Blue Jay Survey. The F200W–F444W color provides robust star–galaxy separation, enabling the identification of stars at very low density. By combining resolved stars at large galactocentric distances with diffuse emission from NIRCam and Dragonfly imaging at smaller distances, we trace the surface-brightness and color profiles of this galaxy over the entire extent of its predicted dark matter halo, from 0.1 to 100 kpc. Controlled N-body simulations have predicted that minor mergers create “accretion shelves” in the surface-brightness profile at large radius. We observe such a feature in Ark 227 at 10–20 kpc, which, according to models, could be caused by a merger with total mass ratio 1:10. The metallicity declines over this radial range, further supporting the minor merger scenario. There is tentative evidence of a second shelf at μ

V
≈ 35 mag arcsec−2 extending from 50 to 100 kpc, along with a corresponding drop in metallicity. The stellar mass in this outermost envelope is ≈107
M
⊙. These results suggest that Ark 227 experienced multiple mergers with a spectrum of lower-mass galaxies—a scenario that is broadly consistent with the hierarchical growth of structure in a cold-dark-matter-dominated universe. Finally, we identify an ultra-faint dwarf associated with Ark 227 with M
* ≈ 105
M
⊙ and μ

V,e
= 28.1 mag arcsec−2, demonstrating that JWST is capable of detecting very-low-mass dwarfs to distances of at least ∼30 Mpc.
Atmospheric Retrievals of the Phase-resolved Spectra of Irradiated Brown Dwarfs WD-0137B and EPIC-2122B
Authors: Lothringer Joshua D. , Zhou Yifan , Apai Dániel , Tan Xianyu , Parmentier Vivien , Casewell Sarah L.
Published: June 2024

We present an atmospheric retrieval analysis of Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3/G141 spectroscopic phase curve observations of two brown dwarfs, WD-0137B and EPIC-2122B, in ultrashort period orbits around white dwarf hosts. These systems are analogous to hot and ultra-hot Jupiter systems, enabling a unique and high-precision comparison to exoplanet systems. We use the PHOENIX Exoplanet Retrieval Algorithm retrieval suite to test various analysis setups, including joint-phase retrievals, multiple temperature structures, and nonuniform abundances. We find that WD-0137B has a dayside that closely resembles that of other ultra-hot Jupiters with inverted temperature structures and H− opacity, but quickly transitions to a mostly noninverted temperature structure on the nightside. Meanwhile, EPIC-2122B’s atmosphere remains inverted at all constrained longitudes, with dominant H− opacity. Retrievals with multiple temperature profiles and nonuniform vertical abundances were generally not statistically justified for this data set, but retrievals with dayside-dilution factors were found to be justified. Retrieving all phases simultaneously with a linear combination of a dayside and nightside atmosphere was found to be an adequate representation of the entire phase curve once a longitudinal temperature gradient free parameter was included in the retrieval. Comparing to global circulation models, we attribute behavior in the 1D retrievals to the inclined viewing geometry of the systems, which results in always-visible irradiated and inverted portions of the atmosphere contaminating spectra measured from the nightside hemisphere. This study sheds light on the similarities between these irradiated brown dwarf systems and hot and ultra-hot Jupiters, but also their unique differences, including the influence of the inclined viewing geometry.
Analysis of Neutron Star f-mode Oscillations in General Relativity with Spectral Representation of Nuclear Equations of State
Authors: Guha Roy Debanjan , Malik Tuhin , Bhattacharya Swastik , Banik Sarmistha
Published: June 2024

We study quasi-normal f-mode oscillations in neutron star (NS) interiors within a linearized general relativistic formalism. We utilize approximately 9000 nuclear equations of state (EOSs) using spectral representation techniques, incorporating constraints on nuclear saturation properties, chiral effective field theory for pure neutron matter, and perturbative quantum chromodynamics for densities pertinent to NS cores. The median values of the f-mode frequency, ν

f
(damping time, τ

f
) for NSs with masses ranging from 1.4 to 2.0 M
⊙ lie between 1.80 and 2.20 kHz (0.13–0.22 s) for our entire EOS set. Our study reveals a weak correlation between f-mode frequencies and individual nuclear saturation properties, prompting the necessity for more intricate methodologies to unveil multiparameter relationships. We observe a robust linear relationship between the radii and f-mode frequencies for different NS masses. Leveraging this correlation alongside NICER observations of PSR J0740+6620 and PSR J0030+0451, we establish constraints that exhibit partial and minimal overlap for observational data from Riley et al. and Miller et al., respectively, with our nucleonic EOS data set. Moreover, NICER data align closely with the radius and frequency values for a few hadron–quark hybrid EOS models. This indicates the need to consider additional exotic particles such as deconfined quarks at suprasaturation densities. We conclude that future observations of the radius or f-mode frequency for more than one NS mass, particularly at the extremes of the viable NS mass scale, would either rule out nucleon-only EOSs or provide definitive evidence in its favor.
Radiation MHD Simulations of Soft X-Ray Emitting Regions in Changing Look AGN
Authors: Igarashi Taichi , Takahashi Hiroyuki R. , Kawashima Tomohisa , Ohsuga Ken , Matsumoto Yosuke , Matsumoto Ryoji
Published: June 2024

Strong soft X-ray emission called soft X-ray excess is often observed in luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN). It has been suggested that the soft X-rays are emitted from a warm (T = 106 ∼ 107 K) region that is optically thick for the Thomson scattering (warm Comptonization region). Motivated by the recent observations that soft X-ray excess appears in changing look AGN (CLAGN) during the state transition from a dim state without broad emission lines to a bright state with broad emission lines, we performed global three-dimensional radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations, assuming that the mass accretion rate increases and becomes around 10% of the Eddington accretion rate. The simulation successfully reproduces a warm, Thomson-thick region outside the hot radiatively inefficient accretion flow near the black hole. The warm region is formed by efficient radiative cooling due to inverse Compton scattering. The calculated luminosity 0.01−0.08 L
Edd is consistent with the luminosity of CLAGN. We also found that the warm Comptonization region is well described by the steady model of magnetized disks supported by azimuthal magnetic fields. When the antiparallel azimuthal magnetic fields supporting the radiatively cooled region reconnect around the equatorial plane of the disk, the temperature of the region becomes higher by releasing the magnetic energy transported to the region.
Constraints on the Spacetime Variation of the Fine-structure Constant Using DESI Emission-line Galaxies
Authors: Jiang Linhua , Pan Zhiwei , Aguilar Jessica Nicole , Ahlen Steven , Blum Robert , Brooks David , Claybaugh Todd , de la Macorra Axel , Dey Arjun , Doel Peter , Fanning Kevin , Ferraro Simone , Forero-Romero Jaime E. , Gaztañaga Enrique , Gontcho A Gontcho Satya , Gutierrez Gaston , Honscheid Klaus , Juneau Stephanie , Landriau Martin , Le Guillou Laurent , Levi Michael , Manera Marc , Miquel Ramon , Moustakas John , Mueller Eva-Maria , Muñoz-Gutiérrez Andrea , Myers Adam , Nie Jundan , Niz Gustavo , Poppett Claire , Prada Francisco , Rezaie Mehdi , Rossi Graziano , Sanchez Eusebio , Schlafly Edward , Schubnell Michael , Seo Hee-Jong , Sprayberry David , Tarlé Gregory , Weaver Benjamin Alan , Zou Hu ,   The DESI Collaboration
Published: June 2024

We present strong constraints on the spacetime variation of the fine-structure constant α using the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). In this pilot work, we utilize ∼110,000 galaxies with strong and narrow [O iii] λ
λ4959, 5007 emission lines to measure the relative variation Δα/α in space and time. The [O iii] doublet is arguably the best choice for this purpose owing to its wide wavelength separation between the two lines and its strong emission in many galaxies. Our galaxy sample spans a redshift range of 0 < z < 0.95, covering half of all cosmic time. We divide the sample into subsamples in 10 redshift bins (Δz = 0.1), and calculate Δα/α for the individual subsamples. The uncertainties of the measured Δα/α are roughly between 2 × 10−6 and 2 × 10−5. We find an apparent α variation with redshift at a level of Δα/α = (2–3) × 10−5. This is highly likely to be caused by systematics associated with wavelength calibration, since such small systematics can be caused by a wavelength distortion of 0.002–0.003 Å, which is beyond the accuracy that the current DESI data can achieve. We refine the wavelength calibration using sky lines for a small fraction of the galaxies, but this does not change our main results. We further probe the spatial variation of α in small redshift ranges, and do not find obvious, large-scale structures in the spatial distribution of Δα/α. As DESI is ongoing, we will include more galaxies, and by improving the wavelength calibration, we expect to obtain a better constraint that is comparable to the strongest current constraint.
Large-scale Overdensity of Lyman Break Galaxies around the z = 6.3 Ultraluminous Quasar J0100 + 2802
Authors: Pudoka Maria , Wang Feige , Fan Xiaohui , Yang Jinyi , Champagne Jaclyn , Jones Victoria , Bian Fuyan , Cai Zheng , Jiang Linhua , Liu Dezi , Wu Xue-Bing
Published: June 2024

We study the environment of the z = 6.33 ultraluminous quasar SDSS J010013.02+280225.8 (J0100) to understand its association with large-scale structure. Theoretical models propose high-redshift quasars as markers of galaxy overdensities residing in the most massive dark matter halos (DMHs) in the early Universe. J0100 is an ultraluminous quasar with the most massive black hole known at z ≳ 6, suggesting a high likelihood of residing in a massive DMH. We present wide-field (∼522 arcmin2) imaging in the r, i, and z bands from the Large Binocular Cameras on the Large Binocular Telescope, with Y- and J-band imaging from the Wide-field Infrared Camera on the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope, centered on J0100. Applying color selections, we identify 23 objects as i-dropout Lyman break galaxy (LBG) candidates in the J0100 field. We use the deep photometric catalog in the 1.27 deg2 COSMOS field to calculate the density of LBGs in a blank field, and to estimate the selection completeness and purity. The observed surface density of LBG candidates in the J0100 field corresponds to a galaxy overdensity of δ = 4 (at 8.4σ). This large-scale overdensity suggests that the ∼22 arcmin2 overdensity found by Kashino et al. using JWST data extends out to much larger scales. We calculate the angular autocorrelation function of the candidates and find a positive correlation on ≲10′ scales as well as evidence of asymmetries in their spatial distribution, further suggesting the direct detection of large-scale structure in the field of the ultraluminous quasar J0100.
Thermodynamic Predictions of Hydrogen Generation during the Serpentinization of Harzburgite with Seawater-derived Brines
Authors: Som Sanjoy M. , Sevgen Serhat , Suttle Adam A. , Bowman Jeff S. , Schmidt Britney E.
Published: June 2024

Salty aqueous solutions (brines) occur on Earth and may be prevalent elsewhere. Serpentinization represents a family of geochemical reactions where the hydration of olivine-rich rocks can release aqueous hydrogen, H2(aq), as a byproduct, and hydrogen is a known basal electron donor for terrestrial biology. While the effects of lithological differences on serpentinization products have been thoroughly investigated, effects focusing on compositional differences of the reacting fluid have received less attention. In this contribution, we investigate how the chemistry of seawater-derived brines affects the generation of biologically available hydrogen resulting from the serpentinization of harzburgite. We numerically investigate the serpentinization of ultramafic rocks at equilibrium with an array of brines at different water activities (a proxy for salt concentration in aqueous fluids and a determinant for habitability) derived from seawater evaporation. Because the existing supersaturation of aqueous calcium carbonate, a contributor to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in natural seawater, cannot be captured in equilibrium calculations, we bookend our calculations by enabling and suppressing carbonate minerals when simulating serpentinization. We find that the extent of DIC supersaturation can provide an important control of hydrogen availability. Increased DIC becomes a major sink for hydrogen by producing formate and associated complexes when the reacting fluids are acidic enough to allow for CO2. Indeed, H2(aq) reduces CO2(aq) to formate, leading to a hydrogen deficit. These conclusions provide additional insights into the habitability of brine systems, given their potential for serpentinization across diverse planetary bodies such as on Mars and ocean worlds.
Using Hydrodynamic Similarity as a Verification Method for Impact Cratering Simulations in the FLAG Hydrocode
Authors: Holmes Matthew C. , Caldwell Wendy K. , Budzien Joanne L. , Johnson Carl E.
Published: June 2024

Hydrodynamic codes (hydrocodes) are common tools for modeling hypervelocity impacts to provide insight into the physical phenomenon. Hydrocodes can simulate impacts from micrometer to kilometer spatial scales and reach impact velocities difficult to achieve in experimental settings. However, numerical models are approximations, and demonstrating that a numerical method is capable of providing physical results for these models is essential. In this work, we employ a hydrocode verification technique that leverages hydrodynamic similarity, a mathematical property of the conservation equations of fluid mechanics that form the basis for hydrocode models. Using the FLAG hydrocode, we simulate aluminum (Al) and basalt projectiles and targets at spatial scales spanning 7 orders of magnitude (hundreds of micrometers to kilometers). These materials were chosen because Al-6061 is a common material in spacecraft and satellites and basalt is a useful approximation of rocky astronomical bodies. Our results show that hydrodynamic similarity holds for each material model used and across spatial scales. We show that under certain conditions hydrodynamic similarity can apply in the presence of gravity and that similarity does not hold in the presence of strength models. We conclude that the FLAG hydrocode preserves important mathematical properties of fluid dynamics in hypervelocity impacts of Al-6061 and basalt.
Further contributions to the taxonomy of Armillipora Quate (Diptera, Psychodidae) with the description of two additional new species
Authors: Jaume-Schinkel Santiago
Published: June 2024

The genus Armillipora Quate is recorded for the first time in Brazil and Venezuela, based on the description of Armillipora bifidasp. nov. Additionally, a second new species, Armillipora nawaksp. nov., is described from Costa Rica. Detailed illustrations and photographs of the new species are provided. Based on these findings and the existing knowledge of the genus, two species groups are proposed within Armillipora. Furthermore, the identification key to the males of the genus is updated.
Pleurotus nebrodensis (Basidiomycota), a rare endemic mushroom of Sicily: current and future issues
Authors: Gargano Maria Letizia , Venturella Giuseppe , Balenzano Gaetano , Ferraro Valeria , Cirlincione Fortunato , Mirabile Giulia
Published: June 2024

This paper deals with the basidiomycete Pleurotus nebrodensis, one of the rare examples of endemic fungi in Italy and Europe. After clarifying the taxonomy of this taxon, including a comparison with a species from China misidentified as “Pleurotus nebrodensis”, we describe the characteristics of its natural habitat, and provide a new morphological description and information on its pilot-scale cultivation, current conservation status according to IUCN criteria and conservation strategies. New ITS region sequences were deposited in GenBank. Furthermore, the antibacterial and anti-cancer properties of P. nebrodensis are mentioned, making it a potential medicinal mushroom. Finally, a critical analysis, on a phylogenetic basis, of the Italian production of substrates inoculated with “P. nebrodensis” strains is also included.
Revisiting the infrageneric classification of Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae): an updated sectional name and new, legitimate names in Garcinia for Allanblackia gabonensis (Pellegr.) Bamps and A. parviflora A.Chev.
Authors: Sweeney Patrick , Gaudeul Myriam
Published: June 2024

In a recent publication dealing with the sectional-level taxonomy of Garcinia, an illegitimate superfluous sectional name and two illegitimate homonyms were published. Herein we choose a legitimate sectional name, Garcinia section Rheediopsis Pierre, for the superfluous name Garcinia section Rheedia (L.) S.W.Jones ex P.W.Sweeney; and create two new legitimate names in Garcinia for Allanblackia gabonensis (Pellegr.) Bamps and A. parviflora A.Chev.
Nature's weapons: Bioactive compounds as anti-cancer agents
Authors: Auti Amogh , Tathode Madhura , Marino Maria Michela , Vitiello Antonio , Ballini Andrea , Miele Francesco , Mazzone Valeria , Ambrosino Alessia , Boccellino Mariarosaria
Published: June 2024

Cancer represents a major global health burden, prompting continuous research for effective therapeutic strategies. Natural compounds derived from plants have emerged as potential strategies for preventing cancer and treatment because of their inherent pharmacological properties. This comprehensive review aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of five key natural compounds: apigenin, quercetin, piperine, curcumin, and resveratrol in cancer prevention and therapy. By examining their molecular mechanisms and preclinical evidence, this review seeks to elucidate their role as potential adjuvants or stand-alone therapies in cancer management. The exploration of natural compounds as cancer therapeutics offers several advantages, including low toxicity, wide availability, and compatibility with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. We highlighted the current understanding of their anticancer mechanisms and clinical applications for advancing personalized cancer care to improve patient outcomes. We discussed the empirical findings from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reporting biological activity and therapeutic efficacy in antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-carcinogenic, and chemo-sensitizing modes. Innovative delivery systems and personalized treatment approaches may further enhance their bioavailability and therapeutic utility in a synergistic approach with chemo- and radiotherapeutic disease management. This review underscores the importance of natural compounds in cancer prevention and treatment, promoting a multidisciplinary approach to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
An Efficient Autism Spectrum Disorder Classification in Different Age Groups using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Subhash Ambika Rani , U Motagi Ashwin Kumar
Published: June 2024

The current world has witnessed the emergence of various illnesses, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), that are not yet medically recognized. It impacts multiple behavioral domains, such as repetitive and stereotyped behavior, social competence, and linguistic skills. This condition is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. It Identifying and classifying ASD is challenging and time-consuming due to its symptoms being remarkably similar to those of many other mental illnesses. Machine learning-based models are increasingly being used to predict a wide range of human diseases, leveraging various physiological and other characteristics. Our study aims to develop a classification model that can predict the likelihood of ASD in various age groups, such as toddlers, children, adolescents, and adults. We have utilized several machine learning (ML) algorithms, including support vector machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), random forest (RF), extra trees classifier (ET), k-nearest neighbor (K-NN), decision tree (DT), Ada boost classifier (AB), and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) classifiers. These models are tested using four unique non-clinical ASD screening datasets that are publicly available from Kaggle and the UCI library. In the first dataset, there are 1054 instances and 19 features related to toddlers. The remaining ones consist of 21 traits and, for children, adolescents, and adults, 292, 104, and 704 cases, respectively. The outcomes of the experimentation have shown that the SDG, DT, and ET classifiers are the most commonly used models and have achieved results with almost 100% accuracy.
Recent investigations into the Windsor Leonardos
Authors: Clayton Martin , Donnithorne Alan
Published: June 2024

The 555 drawings by Leonardo at Windsor Castle, almost all from his studio at his death, permit a comprehensive survey of his drawing materials. In recent years, a wide range of techniques have been employed to study these materials, and the results of these investigations are presented here. These include transmitted light, to study paper structure and watermarks; stereo microscopy; raking light with digital subtraction of images, to reveal his use of blind stylus; infrared reflectance imaging, to study carbon-based underdrawing and to distinguish silverpoint from leadpoint; ultraviolet imaging, to recover faded metalpoint drawings; X-ray fluorescence, to produce element maps and suggest the reasons for this fading; and Raman spectroscopy, to determine the chemical compounds in some of Leonardo’s pigments and dyes.
Combining engineering and wood science for the conservation of artworks: Hygro-mechanical study of Mona Lisa’s wooden support
Authors: Gril Joseph , Brémand Fabrice , Badel Éric , Dionisi-Vici Paolo , Doumalin Pascal , Dupré Jean-Christophe , Fioravanti Marco , Godi Gaël , Goli Giacomo , Hesser Franck , Jullien Delphine , Mandron Patrick , Mazzanti Paola , Ravaud Élisabeth , Riparbelli Lorenzo , Togni Marco , Uzielli Luca
Published: June 2024

Since 2004, the wooden support of Mona Lisa has been studied by an international research team formed by specialists of wood science and optical measurements, interacting closely with curators and restorers, to evaluate the climatic specifications adopted for the then new climate-controlled display case, assess the risk of propagation of a historical crack affecting the Panel, suggest possible improvements to the Panel’s framing, and improve the technological aspects of the current monitoring procedure. The study has been carried out mainly by direct observation and measurements during the yearly opening of the display case, by continuous monitoring of the Panel’s mechanical behaviour and by developing a predictive numerical model based on the finite element method. This paper deals with the following topics: (i) a technological description of the Panel and of its framing, (ii) the non-invasive measurement equipment and monitoring methods developed, (iii) the simulations of the hygro-mechanical behaviour, (iv) the most significant results obtained so far, including the derivation of the elastic parameters of the wooden Panel, the description of the contact zones between Panel and framing, the evaluation of contact forces and possible actions for improving the framing. The model implementation evidences the correspondence between principal strains in the Panel and craquelure patterns in the paint layers, and allows assessing the crack propagation risk.
Investigation of Convective Heat Transfer of a Multi-Story Building and its Effect to the Comfort of Residents in Metro Manila
Authors: Eguita Camille D. , Tayactac Reylina Garcia
Published: June 2024

The study aims to investigate convective heat transfer in multi-story buildings in Metro Manila and its impact on residents' thermal comfort. The increasing demand for residential construction in Metro Manila has resulted in a higher concentration of buildings and paved surfaces, which exacerbate the city's hot and humid climate. This study aims to identify factors that contribute to convective heat transfer, such as building design, insulation, and ventilation, and assess their impact on energy consumption and indoor air quality. The research will provide insights into effective strategies for reducing energy consumption and improving indoor temperature conditions, resulting in more comfortable and sustainable living environments for residents.
Recent advances in classic heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), autoimmune HIT, spontaneous HIT, and vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia
Authors: Clerici Bianca , Scavone Mariangela , Podda Gian Marco
Published: June 2024

Anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) disorders are a group of platelet-consumptive disorders characterized by platelet-activating antibodies against PF4, thrombocytopenia and an increased risk of thrombosis. PF4 is a chemokine released by platelet alpha granules upon activation, which can form immune complexes with negatively charged substances, such as heparin, cartilage components, nucleic acids, and viral and bacterial agents. Antibodies formed in response to PF4-polyanion complexes may display platelet-activating properties and cause pan-cellular activation, leading to the marked prothrombotic state of anti-PF4 disorders. In recent years, the landscape of anti-PF4 disorders has evolved to include classic heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (cHIT), autoimmune HIT (aHIT), spontaneous HIT (SpHIT), vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), and the newly recognized spontaneous VITT (SpVITT). These disorders have garnered increased attention due to their association with severe clinical outcomes. Recent discoveries have expanded the understanding of these conditions, highlighting the role of various triggers, such as upper respiratory tract infections and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, in their development. Compared to cHIT, the less common anti-PF4 disorders VITT, aHIT, SpHIT and SpVITT generally appear more severe, with aggressive disease courses, more severe thrombocytopenia and a higher frequency of bleeding, thrombosis at unusual sites, involvement of the central nervous system and of multiple vascular beds. Clinical suspicion and knowledge of the less well-known triggers of anti-PF4 disorders are pivotal to ordering the appropriate laboratory tests and initiating the necessary treatments. Herein, we will review cHIT, aHIT, SpHIT and VITT, focusing on their clinical presentation and therapeutic management.