bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assistance or Resistance? Evaluating the Intersection of Automated Journalism and Journalistic Role Conceptions
Authors: Schapals Aljosha Karim , Porlezza Colin
Published: July 2020

Newsrooms are a social context in which numerous relationships exist and influence news work—be it with other journalists, the audience, and technology. As some of these relations change due to technological innovations, new hybrid contexts—technologies that are interwoven with newsroom values, routines, and socio-cultural experiences—can emerge. One key question is how journalists conceptualise and interact with such technologies, and to what degree they retain (creative) agency in the process. Therefore, this study evaluates the intersection of automated journalism and journalistic role conceptions. Using Hanitzsch’s and Vos’s circular model of journalistic roles (2017) and Deuze’s understanding of journalism as an ideology (2005) as a theoretical framework, this study examines some of the discursive aspects of automated journalism by asking: To what extent are journalistic roles (a) challenged or (b) advanced as a result of automated journalism? Our findings more closely align with the latter, pointing to a strong sense of discursive maintenance of journalists’ roles and their core skillset and thus suggesting a high degree of ideological continuity in the face of industrial disruption. It concludes with an agenda for future research and stresses that at times when journalism and automation intersect, the field would benefit from incorporating emerging conceptual frameworks such as human–machine communication.
Nuevas estrategias misioneras en Putumayo: la fundación de Puerto Asís y el orfelinato indígena (1912-1920)
Authors: Kuan  Bahamón Misael
Published: July 2020

Este artículo estudia las condiciones de la fundación de la colonia de Puerto Asís (1912) y de su orfelinato indígena (1914) en el periodo de 1912 a 1920, en conexión con un proyecto que fue el del reagrupamiento de los grupos indígenas del Bajo Putumayo –sionas y cofanes- en pueblos, por parte de los religiosos capuchinos. El análisis de documentos eclesiales y gubernamentales de la época permite reconocer no solo la acción misionera en concordancia con los objetivos gubernamentales de ocupar el territorio en disputa con Perú, sino de nuevas estrategias misioneras conformes con el Convenio de misiones de 1902. La investigación pudo evidenciar que, si bien la colonia de Puerto Asís, aparentemente, fue un fracaso por la precariedad del camino con Mocoa, misioneros, caucheros y, especialmente, indígenas posibilitaron que la colonia tuviera vida.
Prof. Jose del Carmen Acosta
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federción Colombiana
Published: July 2020

La personalidad del Profesor José del Carmen Acosta, fallecido a principios de este año, invita al análisis de sus virtudes qite se reconocieron por todos, a lo largo de esa vida cargada de méritos.
Morfología del Cordón Umbilical Humano
Authors: Riaño Gamboa Germán
Published: July 2020

Teniendo como base el cordón umbilical humano, se presentarán en este trabajo sus aspectos morfológicos (Embriología - Anatomía - Radiología Histología), cuidadosamente revisados y actualizados.
Cosmology with Variable G and Nonlinear Electrodynamics
Authors: Joseph Gabriel W. , Övgün Ali
Published: July 2020

In a bid to resolve lingering problems in cosmology, more focus is being tilted towards cosmological models in which physical constants of nature are not necessarily real constants, but varying with cosmic time. In this paper we have study cosmology in nonlinear electrodynamics with the Newton's gravitational constant $G$ not a constant but vary in form of power-law of the scale factor of the universe. The evolution of the scale factor $a (t)$ is studied in this model which depends on nonlinear electrodynamics fine tuning term of $\alpha$. Then we check the stability of the model using the speed of sound.
Effect of Retrogression Re-aging Treatment on Corrosion Behavior of 7055 Al-Zn-MG Alloy
Authors: Guo Fuqiang , Duan Shuwei , Wu Dongting , Matsuda Kenji , Wang Tao , Zou Yong
Published: July 2020

The effect of retrogression re-aging treatment (RRA) on corrosion behavior of 7055 Al-Zn-Mg alloy were studied. Results provides the corrosion resistance could be greatly improved by RRA. After the RRA treatment, the isolated precipitates occurred on grain boundaries (GBs) and the low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) presented a larger fraction compared to the single-stage peaking aging. The samples after RRA treatment also show better corrosion resistance than the single-stage peak aging. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) show that impedance spectrum is consisted of semi-infinite layer diffusion impedance and stagnant Weber impedance. The semi-infinite layer diffusion impedance corresponded a limited retention layer on the electrode surface. In corrosion process, Weber impedance corresponded to stagnant layer of corrosion products generated by the anode branches. The RRA sample has the high Rf and low Cf, Cp values, and the corrosion current density of the RRA samples is ten times less than the single-stage peak aging samples with the 10% hardness losing.
Insights into the Nigerian COVID19 Outbreak
Authors: Adewale Fasoro Opeoluwa , Ugwu Chinedu , Adekola Adewole , Oyesola Oyebola , Heeney Jonathan , Happi Christian
Published: July 2020

Given the pace of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and its relatively high mortality rate, COVID-19, has the potential to become the most severe pandemic in recent times. This virus’s spread across international borders has triggered different responses in countries around the globe with a spectrum of mild, moderate to severe outcomes. Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country with many densely populated cities, presents a unique situation for the explosive spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, at the point of this writing, the number of reported confirmed infection and mortality is comparatively lower to other countries with dense urban populations. The exact reasons for this are not clear but include societal, political and infrastructural factors that will influence the course of the outbreak in Nigeria. In this perspective, we have described the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak and its associated peculiarities. We identify critical steps that remain to be taken to contain and control the outbreak in Nigeria.
Light Speed Expansion and Rotation of a Very Dark Machian Universe Having Internal Acceleration
Authors: Seshavatharam U.V.S. , Lakshminarayana S.
Published: July 2020

With reference to Mach’s relation, an attempt has been made to develop a practical model of cosmology. Main features of this integrated model are: eternal role of Planck scale and Mach’s relation, light speed expansion and rotation, slow thermal cooling, internal acceleration and anisotropy. At any stage of cosmic expansion, there exists a tight correlation between gravitational self energy density, thermal energy density, cosmic angular velocity and Hubble parameter. In this model, total cosmic matter is dark matter only. During cosmic evolution, part of galactic dark matter is slowly transforming to visual mass. Magnitude of galactic dark mass is proportional to . Considering the current cosmic maximum angular acceleration, MOND’s approach implicitly seems to support the cosmological estimation of 95% invisible matter and 5% visible matter. Estimated flat rotation speeds of DD168, Milky Way and UGC12591 are 49.96 km/sec, 199.66 km/sec and 521.75 km/sec respectively. As per the reference data, their corresponding flat rotation speeds are 52 km/sec, 202.6 km/sec and 500 km/sec respectively. Within a range of (50 to 500) km/sec, these striking coincidences are strongly supporting our proposed concepts. We are working on collecting data for most of the galaxies and updating this draft with detailed tables and figures in our next revision. Proceeding further, applying our idea to Sun and Proton, their current dark masses are and respectively. Current cosmic graviton wave length seems to be around 3.6 mm. Even though, this model is free from ‘big bang’, ‘inflation’, ‘dark energy’, ‘flatness’ and ‘red shift’ issues, at estimated present Hubble parameter is cosmic radius is 146.3 times higher than the Hubble radius, angular velocity is 146.3 times smaller than the Hubble parameter and cosmic age is 146.3 times the Hubble age. With future observations and advanced telescopes, it may be possible to see far distance galaxies and very old stars far beyond our Milk Way.
Full Surface Heat Transfer Characteristics of Stator Ventilation Duct of a Turbine Generator
Authors: Jeon Shinyoung , Son Changmin , Yang Jangsik
Published: July 2020

Turbine generator operates with complex cooling system due to the challenge in controlling the peak temperature of the stator bar caused by ohm loss, which is unavoidable. Therefore, it is important to characterise and quantifies the thermal performance of the cooling system. The focus of the present research is to investigate the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of typical cooling system, so-called stator ventilation duct. A real scale model was built at its operating conditions for the present study. The direction of cooling air is varied to consider its operation condition, so that there are (1) outward flow and (2) inward flow cases. In addition, the effect of (3) cross flow (inward with cross flow case) is also studied. The transient heat transfer method using thermochromic liquid crystals is implemented to measure full surface heat transfer distribution. A series of Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis is also conducted to support the observation from the experiment. For the inward flow case, the results suggest that the average Nusselt number of the 2nd duct is about 30% higher than the 3rd duct. The trend is similar with the effect of cross flow. The CFD results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Praktek Kuliah Lapangan/Kuliah Kerja Lapangan di Perguruan Tinggi (Survey Pendapat di UNJ dan UPI)
Authors: Munandar Aris
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

 

This study aims to survey PKL / KKL activities in Universities. Descriptive method to look for similarities and differences in the implementation of PKL / KKL, while the survey is to ask for opinions about the implementation of PKL / KKL. The study population was all students of the Geography Study Program FIS UNJ and UPI. The sample was used by 120 students with quota sampling technique. Preliminary survey to collect data on PKL / KKL implementation in five universities (UNJ, UPI, UNY, UNES, UNESA). After the documents are arranged, students will submit whether they are in accordance with conditions in their field and their expectations.

Document the search results at five universities and the survey results show similarities and differences. Differences in PKL / KKL differ in aspects of SKS burden. The ratio of supervisors and participants varies between 1:15 and 1:20. The products produced vary in the form of reports, articles, leaflets, standing baners, papers, brochures. The results of the research can be suggested to make a balanced process and product assessment instruments from pre-activity and post-activity. Give weight to every aspect of the assessment both process and product.

 Keyword : Praktek Kuliah Lapangan (PKL), Kuliah Kerja Lapangan (KKL), Comparison

ABSTRAK

 

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mensurvey kegiatan PKL/KKL di Universitas.  Metode deskriptif untuk mencari persamaan dan perbedaan pelaksanaan  PKL/KKL, sedangakn survey untuk menjaring pendapat tentang pelaksanaan PKL/KKL. Populasi penelitian semua mahasiswa prodi pendidikan Geografi FIS UNJ dan UPI. Sampel yang digunakan dengan 120 mahasiswa dengan teknik kuota sampling. Survey pendahuluan untuk menjaring data pelaksanaan PKL/KKL di lima perguruan tinggi (UNJ, UPI, UNY, UNES, UNESA). Setelah tersusun dokumen, disampaikan kemahasiswa apakah sudah cocok atau belum sesuai dengan kondisi dilapangan dan harapannya. Hasil penelusuran dokumen di lima universitas dan hasil survey menunjukan adanya persamaan dan perbedaan. Perbedaan fieldstudy  berbeda pada aspek beban SKS. Rasio dosen pembimbing dengan pesertapun bervariasi antara 1: 15 dengan 1:20. Produk yang dihasilkanpun bervariasi berupa laporan, artikel, leaflet, standing baner, makalah, brosur. Hasil dari penelitian dapat disarankan membuat instrument penilaian proses dan produk yang seimbang dari pra kegiatan–kegiatan dan pasca kegiatan. Memberikan bobot untuk masing-masing aspek penilaian baik proses dan produk.

 

Kata Kunci : Praktek Kuliah Lapangan (PKL) , Kuliah Kerja Lapangan (KKL), perbandingan
Implikasi Shalat Bagi Perilaku Manusia Modern (Perspektif Psikologi Sufistik Ibnu ‘Arabī)
Authors: Muhyiddin Ahmad Shofi
Published: July 2020

This article tries to elaborate on the thought of Ibn ‘Arabī prayer and its implications for modern human behaviour, as well as the capacity of Ibn ‘Arabī in the field of sufistic psychology. The findings of this study indicate that prayer according to Ibn 'Arabī is "mercy" which implies that Allah removes His servant from error (ḍalālah) to guidance (hudā), and from misery (syaqāwah) to happiness (sa'ādah). Allah bestows mankind prayer as the peak of unity (waḥdah) between God and His servants, through which a human being can "see God". Then, as proof that Ibn 'Arabῑ has the capacity in the field of Sufistic Psychology can be seen in his thoughts about soul development (takmῑl al-nafs) which is associated with life for the attainment of happiness in the hereafter, the primacy of the soul (al-faḍῑlah al-nafsiyyah), physical virtues (takmῑl al-nafs) al-faḍῑlah al-badaniyyah) and the virtues of taufῑqiyyah. And the psychological perspective of Ibn Sufism's ‘Arabῑ prayer has several implications, including: prayer has implications for the establishment of communication between the servant and Allah, human peace of mind, discipline, harmony of social ties, the process of adaptation, and mental health.
Dakwah, Sufisme Jawa dan Potret Keberagamaan di Era Milenial Berbasis Kearifan Lokal
Authors: Bakri Syamsul
Published: July 2020

The Islamization on Java was first carried out by the Nine Ulema who came to be known as "Walisongo". Da'wah carried out by Walisongo is considered an effective and efficient Islamization process. This is because the Da'wah concept offered by Walisongo. The concept of walisongo da’wah is in the form of Javanese Sufism. Javanese Sufism can be interpreted as a process of Islamization that uses local culture as a medium for da'wah and is slowly incorporating elements of religious nature (Islam) into its cultural content. Thus, the religious appreciation that Walisongo instilled in Javanese people indirectly became their philosophy of life. The philosophy of life contains Sufistic values that prioritize morals, spirituality, and culture (local wisdom). Therefore, Javanese people can easily adapt and compromise with Islam. This paper aims to illustrate the value of Sufism in the Walisongo mission. This paper was prepared using a descriptive qualitative approach to explain an event, situation, or object related to Walisongo's subject. The results showed that the Walisongo da’wah with Sufistic values that were applied in an adaptive and compromising manner could be an ideal model of da'wah and diversity that could be applied in the current millennial era.
Efficacy of Music Training in Hearing Aid and Cochlear Implant Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shukor Nor Farawaheeda Ab , Lee Jihyeon , Seo Young Joon , Han Woojae
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of music training on the improvement of musical perception among hearing-impaired listeners using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Article search was conducted from five databases, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, and PubMed. A total of 186 participants from 10 studies investigating the music training effects on individuals fitted with hearing assistive devices and outcome measurements were included. The meta-analysis showed standardized mean difference as a measure of the effect size, in musical improvement between the preand post-training. Although the funnel plot yielded an asymmetrical graph, the Egger’s regression showed no significant publication bias. Interestingly, subgroup analysis showed that the training effect was greater in children than in adults. With a necessity of longer training period to significantly improve their musical perception, cochlear implant only users had better effect compared to bi-modal users with both cochlear implant and hearing aids. However, the difference in the training effect between the users with and without previous musical experience was nonsignificant. The present study concludes that auditory music training brings hearing-impaired listeners into better musical perception while informing that training effects differ depending on age, duration of the training, and the type of hearing device used.
Team Approach: The Perioperative Management of Reconstructive Hip Surgery for the Non-Ambulatory Child with Cerebral Palsy and Spastic Hip Disease
Authors: DiFazio Rachel L. , Glader Laurie J. , Tombeno Rachel , Lawler Kathleen , Friel Kristen , Brustowicz Robert M. , Shore Benjamin J.
Published: July 2020

» Cerebral palsy (CP) is the leading cause of physical disability in children. Although physical disability is the hallmark of CP, children with CP also often have complex medical comorbidities.

» Spastic hip subluxation is the second most common orthopaedic deformity in children with CP, and the incidence increases with the severity of CP.

» Hip surveillance should be implemented in children with CP to monitor hip stability over time. A reconstructive surgical procedure is recommended when the migration percentage is >40%.

» Perioperative care of children undergoing a hip reconstructive surgical procedure is a multidisciplinary endeavor requiring the expertise of professionals with different backgrounds. The core team should comprise orthopaedic surgeons, nurses, nurse practitioners, pediatricians, nurse case managers, anesthesiologists, and physical therapists. Additional team members include nutritionists, clinical pharmacists, social workers, child life therapists, and consulting specialty services.

» This review describes the team approach to the perioperative care of non-ambulatory children with spastic hip subluxation undergoing a reconstructive hip surgical procedure, utilizing a case scenario of a 7-year old girl with CP and complex associated medical comorbidities.
Right ventricular dysfunction in patients with non-severe idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a cross-sectional prospective single-center study
Authors: Cobra Sandra de Barros , Rodrigues Marcelo Palmeira , de Melo Felipe Xavier , Ferreira Nathali Mireise Costa , Soares Viviane Vieira Passini , Amado Verônica Moreira , Silva César Augusto Melo e
Published: July 2020

Background Pulmonary hypertension worsens the prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and is associated with chronic respiratory failure in advanced disease. However, little is known about the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension and subsequent right ventricular dysfunction in non-advanced IPF patients without hypoxemia at rest. We evaluated right ventricular dysfunction in non-advanced IPF patients and examined the association of right ventricular dysfunction with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) at rest and during exercise. Methods This cross-sectional study included patients with blood oxygen saturation levels ≥92% at rest, Gender-Age-Physiology Index score ≤5, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale score ≤3, and no history of oxygen therapy. Patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography at rest and during cardiopulmonary exercise. Ventricular function was analyzed by measuring conventional parameters and right ventricular global longitudinal strain using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Means were compared using the t-test for independent samples.Results Abnormal speckle-tracking echocardiography findings were identified in 10/27 patients (37%), indicating right ventricular dysfunction (mean mPAP: 21.6 ± 5.5 mmHg at rest, 42.2 ± 14.1 mmHg during maximal exercise). Significant differences in mPAP were observed between patients with right ventricular dysfunction and those without dysfunction (at rest: 26.0 ± 4.8 vs. 19.1 ± 4.2 mmHg, p = 0.001; during exercise: 51.3 ± 6.4 vs. 36.9 ± 14.7 mmHg, p = 0.002). Right ventricular dysfunction was detected in 37% of non-advanced IPF patients and was associated with increased mPAP at rest and during exercise. Early recognition was only possible using speckle-tracking echocardiography.Conclusions Right ventricular dysfunction was detected in 37% of non-advanced IPF patients and was associated with increased mPAP at rest and during exercise. Special attention should be given to these patients as right ventricular dysfunction is suggestive of worse prognosis. These patients could benefit from new specific drugs or even oxygen therapy for transitory hypoxia.
The anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin on acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in rats
Authors: Guo Jie , Cao Xiaolu , Hu Xianmin , Li Shulan , Wang Jun
Published: July 2020

Background: As a chemical extensively used in industrial areas as well as formed during heating of carbohydrate-rich food and tobacco, acrylamide (ACR) has been known as well-established neurotoxic pollutant. Although the precise mechanism is unclear, enhanced apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation have been demonstrated to contribute to the ACR-induced neurotoxicity. In this study, we assessed the possible anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin, the most active component in a popular spice known as turmeric, on the neurotoxicity caused by ACR in rats. Methods: Curcumin at the dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg was orally given to ACR- intoxicated Sprague-Dawley rats exposed by ACR at 40mg/kg for 4 weeks. All rats were subjected to behavioral analysis. The HE staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining were used to detect histopathological changes and apoptotic cells, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of apoptosis-related molecule telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) were detected using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured as the indicators for evaluating the level of oxidative stress in brain. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokinestumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in cerebral homogenates were detected using ELISA assay. Results: Concurrent administration of curcumin at the oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg with ACR significantly protected the rats from ACR-induced weigh loss and motor function deficits, and improved the pathological alterations in the ACR-intoxicated brains. Curcumin treatment especially at a high dose enhanced the TERT mRNA expression level and increased the number of TERT-positive nerve cells in cortex tissues of ACR intoxicated rats. The levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β in the cerebral homogenates were reduced, the contents of GSH as well as the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased by curcumin treatment, compared to ACR control group. Conclusions: These data suggested the anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin on ACR-induced neurotoxicity in rats. And maintaining TERT-related anti-apoptotic function might be one mechanism underlying the protective effect of curcumin on ACR-intoxicated brains.
Inequality in health service utilization among migrant and local children: a cross-sectional survey of children aged 0–14 years in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Ke Xiatong , Zhang Liang , Tang Wenxi , Li Zhong
Published: July 2020

Background: Shenzhen is characterized with the largest scale of migrant children among all the cities in China. Unequal access to health services among migrant and local children greatly affects health equity and has a profound impact on the quality of human capital. This study aimed to investigate differences in using community-based healthcare between local and migrant children and to identify the influencing factors in Futian District of Shenzhen.Methods: Households in 12 communities in Futian District of Shenzhen were randomly sampled. Children aged 0-14 years were investigated using self-administered questionnaire - the 2018 Survey of Health Service Needs of Chinese Residents. Differences in healthcare including physical examination, feeding guidance, development guidance, disease prevention guidance, injury prevention guidance, oral health guidance, and mental health guidance, were tested between local and migrant children. Binary logistic regressions were used in identifying potential influencing factors which affected the use in the above healthcare items.Results: A total of 936 participants from1512 families were sampled and 508 of them were included. Compared with local children, migrant children had less use of development guidance (OR=0.417, 95% CI: 0.279-0.624) and oral health care guidance (OR=0.557, 95% CI: 0.381-0.813). Children whose father received higher education level enjoyed a better use of disease prevention guidance as compared to whose father stopped at junior high school education or below (senior high vs junior high and below, OR=1.286, 95% CI: 0.791-2.090; bachelor and above vs junior high and below, OR=2.257, 95% CI: 1.417-3.595). Children whose fathers were blue-collar workers had less use of injury prevention guidance (OR=0.750, 95% CI: 0.334-1.684) and mental health guidance (OR=0.784, 95% CI: 0.295-2.080) as compared to whose father were white collar workers. Conclusions: Except feeding guidance, healthcare utilization were lower among migrant children than among local children. Generally, fathers have a stronger influence on children’s use of community-based healthcare than mothers do. The potential influence of fathers in promoting children’s healthcare use behaviors should be carefully considered, and fathers’ attention to children’s health should be increased.
Perinatal Environment Shapes Microbiota Colonization And Infant Growth: Impact On Host Response And Intestinal Function
Authors: Collado Maria Carmen , Selma-Royo Marta , Calatayud Marta , García-Mantrana Izaskun , Parra-Llorca Anna , Escuriet Ramón , Martínez-Costa Cecilia
Published: July 2020

Background: Early microbial colonization triggers processes that result in intestinal maturation and immune priming. Perinatal factors, especially those associated with birth, including both mode and place of delivery are critical to shaping the infant gut microbiota with potential health consequences. Methods: Gut microbiota profile of 180 healthy infants (n=23 born at home and n=157 born in hospital, 41.7% via caesarean section [CS]) was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at birth, seven days and one month of life. Breastfeeding habits, infant clinical data, including length, weight and antibiotic exposure, were collected up to 18 months of life. Long-term personalized in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium and innate immune system were used to assess the link between gut microbiota composition, intestinal function and immune response. Results: Microbiota profiles were shaped by the place and mode of delivery, and they had a distinct biological impact on the immune response and intestinal function in epithelial/immune cell models. Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium genus were decreased in C-section infants, who showed higher z-scores BMI and W/L during the first 18 months of life. Intestinal simulated epithelium had a stronger epithelial barrier function and intestinal maturation, alongside a higher immunological response (TLR4 route activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release), when exposed to home-birth fecal supernatants, compared with CS. Distinct host response could be associated with different microbiota profiles. Conclusions: Mode and place of birth influence the neonatal gut microbiota, likely shaping its interplay with the host through the maturation of the intestinal epithelium, regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier and control of the innate immune system during early life, which can affect the phenotypic responses linked to metabolic processes in infants.
Enhancing the Lubricity of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Paraffinic Kerosene: Impact of the Additives on the Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Ababnah Hani , Mohamed Nasr , Choudhury Hanif , Zhang Lei Lei , Gani Rafiqul , McKay Gordon , Elbashir Nimir
Published: July 2020

Synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) is an ultra-clean fuel with low aromatic content and negligible quantities of sulfur compounds . Although, SPK has a good potential to replace the conventional fuel Jet A-1 , it also has some deficiencies. One of them is the low lubricity compared to its conventional counterpart Jet A-1. To improve the lubricity of SPK, three selected additives have been mixed with SPK at different concentrations. The lubricity of the samples was determined experimentally and the samples that meet the industry specifications have been studied further. The effect of the additives on the physicochemical properties, such as, density, flash point, freezing point, viscosity, and heat content, were investigated. Linoleic acid was found to be an excellent lubricity improver even at a very low concentration and its negative impact on the other physicochemical properties was found to be insignificant. Ethyl oleate also demonstrated significant improvement in lubricity at low concentrations but had a negative impact on the fuel’s freezing point at high concentrations. Quinoline, at high concentrations, elevated the blend’s freezing point above the acceptable limits. In parallel to the experimental campaign, a pre-existing mathematical modelling tool was utilized to predict the properties of interest. The lubricity model was successfully introduced into the mathematical model in order to improve the capabilities of the model. Linoleic acid sample showed the best improvement in lubricity of SPK with wear scar diameter of 4 17 μm; well below the ASTM D7566 maximum limit of 850µm. The dual nature of this study facilitated the optimization of the physicochemical properties of the fuel samples.
Bone density is an important influence factor: an analysis of perioperative hidden blood loss in femoral intertrochanteric fractures
Authors: Cui Haidong , Chen Kai , Lv Shujun , Yuan Chaoqun , Wang Youhua
Published: July 2020

[Background] To explore the influencing factors of perioperative hidden blood loss of intertrochanteric fractures. [Method] We undertook a retrospective analysis from January 2016 to October 2019. Clinical data of 118 patients with intertrochanteric fractures was included in. Hidden blood loss was calculated from the hematocrit changes before and after surgery, using the Gross equation, based on height, weight, and hematocrit (HCT) changes before and after surgery. Patients’ gender, age, presence of underlying diseases (hypertension and diabetes), fracture types, internal fixation methods, anesthesia methods, time from injury to surgery, whether to take antiplatelet drugs within 6 months before surgery, use of anticoagulant drugs after surgery, bone density were statistically analyzed. The factors with statistical significance were screened out. And then the hidden blood loss was used as the dependent variable and each influencing factor was the independent variable. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze the related risk factors that affect the hidden blood loss during the perioperative period of intertrochanteric fractures. [Result] The apparent blood loss during operation was (203.81 ±105. 51) ml, and the hidden blood loss was (517.55±191.47) ml. There were significant differences in the hidden blood loss of patients with different internal fixation methods, fracture types, anesthesia methods, antiplatelet or postoperative anticoagulant drugs, and different bone density(P＜0. 05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that internal fixation, age, fracture type, anesthesia method, anticoagulant application, and bone density were related risk factors that affected hidden blood loss during surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fracture. [Conclusion] Hidden blood loss is the main cause of perioperative blood loss in intertrochanteric fractures, and the risk factors for hidden blood loss include internal fixation, fracture type, anesthesia, use of anticoagulant drugs. Specially, we found bone density was a risk factor for hidden blood loss. It is not reliable to use the apparent blood loss as the basis for fluid replacement and transfusion. We must fully consider the existence of hidden blood loss and intervene as soon as possible to prevent complications.
Psychological correlates of COVID-19 pandemic in the Austrian population
Authors: Traunmüller Claudia , Stefitz Rene , Gaisbachgrabner Kerstin , Schwerdtfeger Andreas
Published: July 2020

Background: COVID-19 poses the greatest challenge for the entire world since the Second World War. Governments are forced to define strict measures to avoid the spreading of the virus, which may further impose psychological burden for the majority of the population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological distress in Austria during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: From 25 March to 3 April 2020, an anonymous online survey was conducted. Target group included all members of the Austrian population older than 15 years. The survey addressed the following areas (1) and sociodemographic data, (2) physical and mental health; (3) knowledge and concerns about COVID-19; (4) contact with infected people; (5) prevention efforts; (6) need for further information. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to assess mental health. Analyses were based on 4,126 individuals (74% female, age: M = 38.68, SD = 13.36). Results: 43.3% rated the psychological impact as moderate (5.6%) or severe (37.7%). 26.5% reported moderate (13.3%) to severe (13.2%) depression; 20.3% moderate (8.9%) to severe (11.4%) anxiety and 21.2% reported to suffer from moderate (10.5%) or severe stress (10.7%). Being female, higher age, lower levels of education, concern about family members, internet as main source of information, student or pupil status, poor self-rated health, and downplaying the seriousness of the problem were signiﬁcantly associated with higher psychological burden. Protective factors were the possibility to work in home office, frequent (indirect) contact with family or friends, the availability of virus-specific information, confidence in the diagnosis capability, and physical activity during the crisis.Conclusion: This study is among the first in Europe on the psychological correlates of the COVID-19 pandemic. 37.7% of the Austrian study population reported a severe psychological impact on the event and 1 in 10 is considered to suffer from severe depression, anxiety or stress. The present findings inform about the identification of protective factors, psychologically vulnerable groups and may guide the development of psychological interventions.
Pediatric hypophosphatasia: lessons learned from a retrospective single-center chart review of 50 children
Authors: Vogt Marius , Girschick Hermann , Schweitzer Tilmann , Benoit Clemens , Holl-Wieden Annette , Seefried Lothar , Jakob Franz , Hofmann Christine
Published: July 2020

Background: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare, inherited metabolic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene that encodes the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase TNAP (ORPHA 436). Its clinical presentation is highly heterogeneous with a remarkably wide-ranging severity. HPP affects patients of all ages. In children HPP-related musculoskeletal symptoms may mimic rheumatologic conditions and diagnosis is often difficult and delayed. To improve the understanding of HPP in children and in order to shorten the diagnostic time span in the future we studied the natural history of the disease in our large cohort of pediatric patients. This single centre retrospective chart review included longitudinal data from 50 patients with HPP diagnosed and followed at the University Children`s Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany over the last 25 years. Results: The cohort comprises 4 (8%) perinatal, 17 (34%) infantile and 29 (58%) childhood onset HPP patients. Two patients were deceased at the time of data collection. Diagnosis was based on available characteristic clinical symptoms (in 88%), low alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity (in 96%), accumulating substrates of AP (in 58%) and X-ray findings (in 48%). Genetic analysis was performed in 48 patients (31 compound heterozygous, 15 heterozygous, 2 homozygous mutations per patient), allowing investigations on genotype-phenotype correlations. Based on anamnestic data, median age at first clinical symptoms was 3.5 months (min. 0, max. 107), while median time to diagnosis was 13 months (min. 0, max. 103). Common symptoms included: impairment of motor skills (78%), impairment of mineralization (72%), premature loss of teeth (64%), musculoskeletal pain and craniosynostosis (each 64%) and failure to thrive (62%). Up to now 20 patients started medical treatment with Asfotase alfa.Conclusions: Reported findings support the clinical perception of HPP being a chronic multi-systemic disease with often delayed diagnosis. Our natural history information provides detailed insights into the prevalence of different symptoms, which can help to improve and shorten diagnostics and thereby lead to an optimised medical care, especially with promising therapeutic options such as enzyme-replacement-therapy with Asfotase alfa in mind.
Straighter low lumbar curvature in isthmic spondylolisthesis at L4
Authors: Zheng Shaoli , Zhong Zhaoming , Zhu Qingan , Li Zongze , Zhu Siyuan , Yao Xinqiang , Zheng Shuai , Liao Congrui , Zhu Yongjian , Chen Jianting
Published: July 2020

Background: This study was conducted to compare differences in imaging features and clinical symptoms between patients with single-level isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS) at L4 and at L5 and to investigate the correlation between imaging and clinical parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated patients with single-level IS who were enrolled between June 2011 and June 2018. A total of 139 patients, 44 in the L4 IS group and 95 in the L5 IS group, met the study criteria and were included. Imaging and clinical parameters obtained from the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results: Patients in the L4 IS group had smaller lower lumbar lordosis (LLL) (27.1 ± 8.2 vs. 30.9 ± 9.3, P = 0.021) and were of older age (58.5 ± 8.7 vs. 52.8 ± 10.1, P < 0.01) than those in the L5 IS group. As per the Roussouly classification system, most patients with L4 IS were classified as Type 2 (43.2%), whereas most patients with L5 IS fell under Type 3 (44.2%). In the L5 IS group, pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), and L5 incidence (L5I) were positively associated with slippage rate (SR), but the lumbosacral angle (LSA) was negatively associated with SR (P < 0.01). In the L4 IS group, only L5I showed a positive association with SR (P < 0.01). More significant associations were found among sagittal lumbo-pelvic parameters in the L5 IS group, but none were found between SR and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) in either group.Conclusions: When compared with patients with L5 IS, patients with L4 IS were of older age and had straighter low lumbar curvature when they were obviously symptomatic. PI was an important parameter for patients with L5 IS while for those with L4 IS, L5I deserved more attention for its significantly positive correlation with the degree of slippage.
Geomagnetic core field models and secular variation forecasts for the 13th International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-13)
Authors: Wardinski Ingo , Saturnino Diana , Amit Hagay , Chambodut Aude , Langlais Benoit , Mandea Mioara , Thebault Erwan
Published: July 2020

Observations of the geomagnetic field taken at Earth's surface and at satellite altitude are combined to construct continuous models of the geomagnetic field and its secular variation from 1957 to 2020. From these parent models, we derive candidate main field models for the epochs 2015 and 2020 to the 13th generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). The secular variation candidate model for the period 2020 - 2025 is derived from a forecast of the secular variation in 2022.5, which results from a multi-variate singular spectrum analysis of the secular variation from 1957 to 2020.
Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of CanPatrolTM technology for detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Jingyao , Liao Yi , Ran Yaling , Wang Guiyu , Wu Wei , Qiu Yang , Liu Jie , Wen Ningyu , Jing Tao , Wang Haidong , Zhang Shixin
Published: July 2020

Background : The early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer is of great significance to the prognosis of patients. However, traditional histopathology and imaging screening have certain limitations. Therefore, new diagnostical methods are urgently needed for the current clinical diagnosis.Objectives: To evaluate of sensitivity and specificity of CanPatrol TM technology for detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: CTCs in the peripheral blood of 98 patients with NSCLC and 38 patients with benign pulmonary diseases were collected by the latest typing of CanPatrol TM detection technology. A 3-year follow-up was preformed to observe their recurrence and metastasis. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare multiple groups of data, Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare data between the two groups, and ROC curve analysis was used to obtain the critical value. The COX risk regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed in the 63 NSCLC patients who were effectively followed up.Results: The epithelial, epithelial-mesenchymal and total CTCs were significantly higher in NSCLC patients than that in patients with benign lung disease (P < 0.001). The mesenchymal CTCs of NSCLC patients was slightly higher than that of benign lung diseases (P = 0.013). The AUC of the ROC curve of the total CTCs was 0.837 (95% CI: 0.76-0.914), and the cut-off value corresponding to the most approximate index was 0.5 CTCs/5 ml, at which point the sensitivity was 81.6% and the specificity was 86.8%. COX regression analysis revealed that clinical stage was correlation with patient survival (P = 0.006), while gender, age and smoking were not (P > 0.05). After excluding the confounders of staging, surgery, and chemotherapy, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients in stage IIIA with CTCs ≥ 0.5 had significantly lower DFS than those with CTCs < 0.5 (P = 0.022).Conclusion : CTC positive can well predict the recurrence of NSCLC patients. CanPatrol TM technology has good sensitivity and specificity in detecting CTCs in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients, and has certain value for clinical prognosis evaluation.
TNFAIP8 variants as potential epidemiological and predictive biomarkers in ovarian cancer
Authors: Gao Hongyu , Zhang Zhiran , Jiang Liangliang , Zhang Lei , Qin Ling , Liu Tianbo , Yang Shanshan
Published: July 2020

Background: This research aimed to investigate the association between tumor necrosis factor-a-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) polymorphisms and ovarian cancer (OC) susceptibility. Methods: A case-control study of 210 patients with OC and 231 healthy controls was conducted to assess the association between TNFAIP8 polymorphisms (rs11064, rs1045241, and rs1045242) and OC risk in Heilongjiang Province of China. The SNaPshot SNP assay was conducted to detect SNP genotype. Logistic regression analysis was applied to illustrate the underlying association. Results: Our research found that TNFAIP8 rs11064 and rs1045242 were significantly connected with the susceptibility of OC. Additionally, rs1045242 increased the risk of OC, while rs11064 performed a protective role in the risk of OC. Data revealed that rs1045242 strongly related with advanced FIGO stage, larger residual tumor, and the presence of recurrence. Conclusions: TNFAIP8 genetic variants, which may play difference roles, were significantly associated with OC susceptibility. The underlying molecular mechanism needs be clarified with scientific evidence.
Analysis of 4 imaging features in patients with COVID-19
Authors: JIN JUN , Gao De-hong , Mo Xin , Tan Si-ping , Kou Zhen-xia , Chen Yi-bo , Cao Jin-bo , Chen Wen-jing , Zhang Ya-ming , Li Bing-qing , Huang Kuan-long , Xu Bing-ren , Tang Xiao-li , Wang Yu-li
Published: July 2020

Background : The aim of this was to analyze 4 chest CT imaging features of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Shenzhen, China so as to improve the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Methods: Chest CT of 34 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by the nucleic acid test (NAT) were retrospectively analyzed. Analyses were performed to investigate the pathological basis of four imaging features(“feather sign”,“dandelion sign”,“pomegranate sign”, and “rime sign”) and to summarize the follow-up results.

Results: There were 22 patients (65.2 %) with typical “feather sign”and 18 (52.9%) with “dandelion sign”, while few patients had “pomegranate sign” and “rime sign”. The “feather sign” and “dandelion sign” were composed of stripe or round ground-glass opacity(GGO), thickened blood vessels, and small-thickened interlobular septa. The “pomegranate sign” was characterized as follows: the increased range of GGO, the significant thickening of the interlobular septum, complicated with a small amount of punctate alveolar hemorrhage. The “rime sign” was characterized by numerous alveolar edemas. Microscopically, the wall thickening, small vascular proliferation, luminal stenosis, and occlusion, accompanied by interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as numerous pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and partial hyaline degeneration were observed. Repeated chest CT revealed the mediastinal lymphadenectasis in one patient. Re-examination of the NAT showed another positive anal swab in two patients.

Conclusion: “Feather sign” and “dandelion sign” were typical chest CT features in patients with COVID-19; “pomegranate sign” was an atypical feature, and “rime sign” was a severe feature. In clinical work, accurate identification of various chest CT signs can help to improve the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19 and reduce the misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis rate.