bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decreasing Osteomyelitis Occurrence in Remaining Bone After Partially Resected Infected Bone
Authors: Karr Jeffrey C.
Published: December 2022

Background: After partial bone resection for osteomyelitis there is a high rate of osteomyelitis occurrence in the remaining bone due to adherent bacterial biofilm, dysvascular infected spongiosum bone, and absence of a surgical technique that can prevent osteomyelitis developing in the remaining bone.

Methods: Presented is a surgical procedure using a dicalcium phosphate bone void filler putty with antibiotics placed into the remaining bone to prevent the development of osteomyelitis, therefore preventing amputation.

Results: This procedure has an osteomyelitis eradication rate of 94.8% and also decreases the rate of lower-extremity amputations.

Conclusions: This procedure provides a single stage surgical technique for infected open bone defects decreasing the previously reported high osteomyelitis reoccurrence rate of 57.1% to 5.2%.
Is the Anterolateral Thigh Flap the Solution for Orthopedic Trauma Complication Reconstructions?: A Case Series
Authors: Gürbüz Kaan , Doğar Fatih , Yontar Yalçın
Published: December 2022

The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap, which can be applied as a free or pedicled flap, is supplied by musculocutaneous or septocutaneous perforators belonging to the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. Because local or regional flap options that can be used for the reconstruction of large tissue losses in the distal third of the tibia and foot are limited, ALT and other free flaps are frequently used when needed. The aim of this report is to present our experience with and clinical results of free ALT flaps in a tertiary health-care institution. Between June of 2017 and April of 2020, lower extremity reconstruction with free ALT flaps was performed in seven patients. In the preoperative period, dominant perforators were determined in each patient by Doppler ultrasonography, and surgery was planned considering the size and localization of the defect. All the patients were men, with an average age of 41.7 years. Three patients were operated on for implant exposition on the distal-medial third of the tibia after fracture repair, one patient for posttraumatic calcaneal deformity with osteomyelitis, and two patients because of localized posttraumatic tissue loss in the anterior aspect of the tibia and one patient in the dorsum of the foot. Secondary recovery was achieved in two patients and localized linear necrosis was observed at the flap suture line. No infection was observed in the donor or recipient site. In all patients, the donor site was closed primarily and no wound healing problem was encountered. This is one of the primary reconstruction options for the free ALT flap, especially in cases of large tissue losses in which local and/or regional flap alternatives are insufficient.
Bør Riksrevisjonen fortsatt være Stortingets revisor?
Authors: Espeli Harald
Published: December 2022

Høsten 2021 dokumenterte Aftenposten at Riksrevisjonen i 2017 hadde stanset sin igangsatte etterlevelsesrevisjon av sikkerhetsarbeidet på Stortinget på grunn av motstand fra Stortingets presidentskap og direktør. Saken viser at Riksrevisjonen ikke hadde den nødvendige uavhengighet til sin egen oppdragsgiver, men lot den reviderte bestemme hva som skulle revideres. Det er strid med grunnleggende revisjonsprinsipper der hensynet til revisors uavhengighet har blitt vektlagt stadig sterkere de siste tiårene. De mange mediaavsløringer de siste årene av mangelfulle kontrollrutiner knyttet til stortingsrepresentanters reiseregninger, ventegodtgjørelser og pendlerleiligheter viser at Riksrevisjonen ikke har tillagt relevant risiko for tilliten til Stortinget som institusjon tilstrekkelig vekt i sitt revisjonsarbeid. Derfor reises spørsmålet om Riksrevisjonen fortsatt bør være Stortingets revisor. Artikkelen er basert på dokumentanalyse og relevant litteratur.
Guava Pest App to Assist Farmers
Authors: Rani P. Jona Innisai
Published: December 2022

In this paper, Guava Pest App is designed to identify the several diseases in Guava at early stage. Guava Pest App is an innovative application that is useful for farmers.

The farmers can capture the images from Guava farm and upload the images. Guava API is created and placed in cloud services. Images taken from farmers field matches with Guava API and gets the TNAU recommendation for the Guava fruit diseases.

Guava Pest App for pest management in Guava will analyze and provide an accurate recommendation to farmers about the type of pesticide for the symptoms given through the images This paper expresses the idea about the creation of Guava Pest App, an android application that helps to make management decision for cotton leaf symptoms. The study would provide a better understanding of the management practice required for the Guava fruit disease.
Initial Growth of Sesame under Nutrient Omission
Authors: Bonfim-Silva Edna Maria , Oliveira Jakeline Rosa de , Meneghetti Luana Aparecida Menegaz , Mendes Wlly Cristiny , Custódio Alisson Silva Costa , Oliveira Niclene Ponce Rodrigues de , Rocha Rosana Andréia da Silva , Gomes Nathália Chagas de Brito , Rodrigues Daniel Silva , Santos Vitor Oliveira
Published: December 2022

Sesame is an oilseed, nutritionally important in the world, for its seeds are rich sources of protein and calcium. Fertilizer management is fundamental for the development of this crop and consequently to increase its productivity. In this context, this research aimed to evaluate the initial development of sesame under nutrient omission in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in a greenhouse, at the Federal University of Rondonópolis. The soil used was Oxisol and the crop used was black sesame. The design was in randomized blocks, with five treatments (absence of nitrogen, absence of phosphorus, absence of potassium, complete fertilization and control (absence of nutrients)) and four repetitions. The variables analyzed were pH, chlorophyll index, plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, aboveground dry mass, root volume, and root dry mass. The pH variable showed a statistical difference 45 days after emergence. The chlorophyll index showed a difference between 30 and 45 days after emergence. The stem diameter, leaf area, plant height, number of leaves, aboveground dry mass, root volume, and dry mass showed a difference among treatments. The absence of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium significantly affects the initial development of sesame.
In-vivo Antibacterial and Synergetic Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum Linn) and Water Lilies (Nymphae lotus Linn) Extracts on Multi-Drug Resistant Enteric Bacteria
Authors: Adenola O. J.
Published: December 2022

Enteric bacterial pathogens are the major causes of food-bourne diseases and remains a crucial global health concern. The emergence of multi-drug resistant enteric bacterial has been a major public health concern especially in developing countries of the world. The in-vivo antibacterial and synergetic effect of garlic (Allium sativum Linn) and water lilies (Nymphae lotus Linn) extracts on multi-drug resistant enteric bacteria was examined using experimental mice obtained from animal house, College of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria in accordance with laboratory practice regulation and the principle of humane laboratory animal care. The histological effects of treatment with water extract of A. sativum, ethanol extract of N. lotus and combination of water extract of A. sativum and ethanol extract of N. lotus at ratio 1:1 on organs invasion of Salmonella showed that major pathological effects were exerted on the liver and kidney of mice. The findings for this study suggests that the extracts of N. lotus and A. sativum may be used as antibacterial agents in the management of infections that may occur as a result of consumption or contact with faecally impacted surface waters.
Fundamental Pathobiology of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Clinical Implications for Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease Management—The Plaque Hypothesis
Authors: Stone Peter H. , Libby Peter , Boden William E.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Recent clinical and imaging studies underscore that major adverse cardiac events (MACE) outcomes are associated not solely with severe coronary obstructions (ischemia hypothesis or stenosis hypothesis), but with the plaque burden along the entire coronary tree. New research clarifies the pathobiologic mechanisms responsible for plaque development/progression/destabilization leading to MACE (plaque hypothesis), but the translation of these insights to clinical management strategies has lagged. This narrative review elaborates the plaque hypothesis and explicates the current understanding of underlying pathobiologic mechanisms, the provocative destabilizing influences, the diagnostic and therapeutic implications, and their actionable clinical management approaches to optimize the management of patients with chronic coronary disease.

Observations

Clinical trials of management strategies for patients with chronic coronary artery disease demonstrate that while MACE rate increases progressively with the anatomic extent of coronary disease, revascularization of the ischemia-producing obstruction does not forestall MACE. Most severely obstructive coronary lesions often remain quiescent and seldom destabilize to cause a MACE. Coronary lesions that later provoke acute myocardial infarction often do not narrow the lumen critically. Invasive and noninvasive imaging can identify the plaque anatomic characteristics (plaque burden, plaque topography, lipid content) and local hemodynamic/biomechanical characteristics (endothelial shear stress, plaque structural stress, axial plaque stress) that can indicate the propensity of individual plaques to provoke a MACE.

Conclusions and Relevance

The pathobiologic construct concerning the culprit region of a plaque most likely to cause a MACE (plaque hypothesis), which incorporates multiple convergent plaque features, informs the evolution of a new management strategy capable of identifying the high-risk portion of plaque wherever it is located along the course of the coronary artery. Ongoing investigations of high-risk plaque features, coupled with technical advances to enable prognostic characterization in real time and at the point of care, will soon enable evaluation of the entire length of the atheromatous coronary artery and broaden the target(s) of our therapeutic intervention to include all regions of the plaque (both flow limiting and nonflow limiting).
Hidradenitis Suppurativa in Older Adults
Authors: Blum Franklin R. , DeBarmore Bailey M. , Sayed Christopher J.
Published: December 2022

This cohort study describes the clinical characteristics of patients aged 65 years or older with hidradenitis suppurativa.
Association Between Alcohol Use Disorder and Receipt of Direct-Acting Antiviral Hepatitis C Virus Treatment
Authors: Haque Lamia Y. , Fiellin David A. , Tate Janet P. , Esserman Denise , Bhattacharya Debika , Butt Adeel A. , Crystal Stephen , Edelman E. Jennifer , Gordon Adam J. , Lim Joseph K. , Tetrault Jeanette M. , Williams Emily C. , Bryant Kendall , Cartwright Emily J. , Rentsch Christopher T. , Justice Amy C. , Lo Re Vincent , McGinnis Kathleen A.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with lower mortality and is effective in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, despite recommendations, patients with AUD may be less likely to receive DAAs.

Objective

To assess the association between alcohol use and receipt of DAA treatment among patients with HCV within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included 133 753 patients with HCV born from 1945 to 1965 who had completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT-C) questionnaire and had at least 1 outpatient visit in the VHA from January 1, 2014, through May 31, 2017, with maximal follow-up of 3 years until May 31, 2020; DAA receipt; or death, whichever occurred first.

Exposures

Alcohol use categories generated using responses to the AUDIT-C questionnaire and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision diagnoses: current AUD, abstinent with AUD history, at-risk drinking, lower-risk drinking, and abstinent without AUD history. Demographic, other clinical, and pharmacy data were also collected.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Associations between alcohol use categories and DAA receipt within 1 and 3 years estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression stratified by calendar year.

Results

Of 133 753 patients (130 103 men [97%]; mean [SD] age, 60.6 [4.5] years; and 73 493 White patients [55%]), 38% had current AUD, 12% were abstinent with a history of AUD, 6% reported at-risk drinking, 14% reported lower-risk drinking, and 30% were abstinent without a history of AUD. Receipt of DAA treatment within 1 year was 7%, 33%, 53%, and 56% for patients entering the cohort in 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively. For patients entering in 2014, those with current AUD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.72 [95%, CI, 0.66-0.77]) or who were abstinent with an AUD history (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.84-1.00]) were less likely to receive DAA treatment within 1 year compared with patients with lower-risk drinking. For those entering in 2015-2017, patients with current AUD (HR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.70-0.81]) and those who were abstinent with an AUD history (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.68-0.86]) were less likely to receive DAA treatment within 1 year compared with patients with lower-risk drinking.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study suggests that individuals with AUD, regardless of abstinence, were less likely to receive DAA treatment. Improved access to DAA treatment for persons with AUD is needed.
Psychotropic Medication Use and Psychiatric Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Danish Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults
Authors: Bliddal Mette , Rasmussen Lotte , Andersen Jacob Harbo , Jensen Peter Bjødstrup , Pottegård Anton , Munk-Olsen Trine , Kildegaard Helene , Wesselhoeft Rikke
Published: December 2022

Importance

The direct and indirect implications of the COVID-19 pandemic have been associated with the mental health of children and adolescents, but it is uncertain whether these implications have been associated with changes in prescribing and diagnosis patterns.

Objective

To examine psychotropic medication use and rates of psychiatric disorders in Danish children, adolescents, and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based, descriptive register-based cohort study included all Danish individuals aged 5 to 24 years from January 1, 2017, until June 30, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Rates of filled prescriptions of psychotropic medications, including antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, sedatives, antidepressants, and psychostimulants, and all inpatient and outpatient contacts with mental and behavioral disorders. Rates of new (incident) and total (prevalent) psychotropic medication use and psychiatric diagnoses were estimated. Rate ratios (RRs) were assessed between observed and expected numbers of incident psychotropic medication use or psychiatric diagnoses from March 2020 to June 30, 2022, comparing observed numbers with expected numbers predicted from the modeled prepandemic trend.

Results

The study identified 108 840 (58 856 female individuals [54%]; median [IQR] age, 18 [14-22] years) incident psychotropic medication users. From March 2020 (first national lockdown) to June 2022, the rate of incident users of any psychotropic medication showed a relative increase of 18% (RR, 1.18; CI, 1.17-1.20) compared with expected numbers, which was primarily associated with an increase among those aged 12 to 17 years of 37% (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.34-1.41). Similarly, there was an overall relative increase of incident psychiatric disorders of 5% (incidence rate, 1.05; CI, 1.04-1.07) (incident cases, 114 048 [58 708 female individuals (51%)]), which was associated with an increase in hyperkinetic disorders (RR, 1.13; CI, 1.09-1.18) and anxiety disorders (RR, 1.04; CI, 1.02-1.06). Prevalence patterns showed similar trends of an overall increase in psychotropic medication use and psychiatric disorders. One of 3 new users of an individual drug group had filled a prescription for a drug from another psychotropic medication group within the prior 6 months.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this cohort study suggest that Danish youths experienced an increase in rates of psychotropic treatment and psychiatric disorder diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic, which was most pronounced among those aged 12 to 17 years. The increase was observed for children and adolescents with and without a psychiatric history within the last 5 years.
Years of Life Lost to Drug Overdose Among Black Female Individuals in the US, 2015-2021
Authors: Harris Rebecca Arden , Mandell David S.
Published: December 2022

This cross-sectional study calculates years of life lost to drug overdose in non-Hispanic Black female individuals and describes the changes in years of life lost that have occurred during the current overdose crisis.
Dethiobacteraceae fam. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: December 2022

De.thi'o.bac.ter.a.ce.a.e. N.L. masc. n.
Dethiobacter
, the type genus of the family; L. fem. pl. n. suff.
-aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Dethiobacteraceae
, the family of the genus
Dethiobacter
.

Firmicutes D / Dethiobacteria / Dethiobacterales / Dethiobacteraceae fam. nov.

The family
Dethiobacteraceae
includes obligately anaerobic, moderately salt‐tolerant, and obligately alkaliphilic bacteria able to grow chemolithoautotrophically by elemental sulfur disproportionation and fixing CO
2
by the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. The two strains currently known in pure culture are both isolated from saline soda lakes. H
2
can serve as an additional electron donor for sulfur and thiosulfate reduction. The family consists of a single genus
Dethiobacter
with the type species
Dethiobacter alkaliphilus
.

DNA G
 + 
C content (%): 48.3–48.5
(genomes of two isolates).

Type genus
:
Dethiobacter
Sorokin et al. 2008, VL123.
Methanotorris
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Biswarup , Dodsworth Jeremy A. , Whitman William B.
Published: December 2022

Me.tha.no.tor' ris. N.L. neut. n.
methanum
, methane; from French masc. n.
méthyle
; from Chem. N.L. neut. suff.
‐ane
; N.L. pref.
methano‐
, pertaining to methane; L. masc. n.
torris
, a brand, firebrand; N.L. masc. n.
Methanotorris
, the methane‐producer at fiery temperatures.

Methanobacteriota_A / Methanococci / Methanococcales / Methanococcaceae / Methanotorris

Regular to irregular cocci, 0.8–1.8 μm in diameter. Nonmotile with a few thin and long flagella‐like filaments. Obligately anaerobic. Extremely thermophilic or hyperthermophilic (temperature optimum: 75–88°C). pH optimum 5.7–6.7. NaCl required for growth; optimal concentration 1.8–2.4% (w/v). Obligate methanogens; H
2
and, in some of the species, formate, but not acetate, dimethylsulfide, ethanol,
d
/
l
‐lactate, methanol, methylamines, and pyruvate, serve as the electron donors. Autotrophic growth in mineral medium. Complex carbon sources and selenium are neither required nor stimulatory. All species can use ammonium as nitrogen source, and one of these uses nitrate and N
2
. Isolated from deep‐sea and shallow marine hydrothermal systems.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 32.3–32.4 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Methanotorris igneus
Whitman 2001, VL85 (basonym:
Methanococcus igneus
Burggraf et al. 1990, VL35).
Alteribacillus
Authors: Amoozegar Mohammad Ali , Mehrshad Maliheh
Published: December 2022

Al.te.ri.ba.cil'lus. L. masc. adj.
alter
, another, the other; L. masc. n.
bacillus
, a rod and also a bacterial generic name (
Bacillus
); N.L. masc. n.
Alteribacillus
, another
Bacillus
.

Bacillota / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Alteribacillus

The genus
Alteribacillus
contains endospore‐forming rod‐shaped cells that stain Gram‐positive. The genus is classified within the family
Bacillaceae
, order
Bacillales
, and in the class
Bacilli
. The cells are strictly aerobic; moderately halophilic and mesophilic microorganism, growing in media containing 0.5–24% (w/v) NaCl at temperatures in the range of 20–50°C with optimum growth at 3–10% (w/v) NaCl and 35–40°C. cells grow optimally at pH 7.0–8.5. Chemoorganotrophic, and a number of sugars and organic acids used as sole carbon and energy sources. Acid is produced from different sugars. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. MK‐7 is the major respiratory quinone. The DNA G + C content of the members of this genus ranges from 37.0 to 41.0 mol%. Phylogenetically related to the genera
Bacillus, Filobacillus
, and
Virgibacillus
in the family
Bacillaceae
. Currently, the genus includes four species.
Alteribacillus bidgolensis
is the type species of the genus that was isolated from a water sample of the Aran‐Bidgol hypersaline lake in Iran.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 37.0–41.0 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Alteribacillus bidgolensis
Didari et al. 2012
VP
.
Salsuginibacillus
Authors: Ventosa Antonio
Published: December 2022

Sal.su.gin'i.ba.cil.lus. L. fem. n.
salsugo ‐inis
, salted water; L. masc. n.
bacillus
, rod; N.L. masc. n.
Salsuginibacillus
, a rod living in salted water.

Bacillota / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Salsuginibacillus

The genus
Salsuginibacillus
is classified within the family
Bacillaceae
, order
Bacillales
, and in the phylum
Bacillota
(
Firmicutes
). The cells are Gram‐stain‐positive, endospore‐forming rods. Motile or nonmotile, occurring singly or in pairs. Ellipsoidal endospores are present in a central or subterminal position. Catalase‐positive and oxidase‐negative. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite. Halophilic, not able to grow in the absence of NaCl. Alkaliphilic or alkali tolerant. Chemoorganotrophic. Strictly aerobic. Optimal growth at 10–19% (w/v) NaCl, pH 8.5–9.0, and 37°C. The cell‐wall peptidoglycan type is A1γ with
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid. The major cellular fatty acids are anteiso‐C
15:0
and anteiso‐C
17:0
. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipids, and glycolipids. The predominant respiratory quinone is MK‐7. The DNA G + C content is 44.7–46.4 mol%. Currently, the genus includes two species:
Salsuginibacillus kocurii
(type species of the genus) and
Salsuginibacillus halophilus
. The species were isolated from sediments of soda lakes in Inner Mongolia, China.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: between 44.7 and 46.4.

Type species
:
Salsuginibacillus kocurii
Carrasco et al. 2007
VP
.
Sediminibacillus
Authors: Ventosa Antonio
Published: December 2022

se.di'mi.ni.ba.cil.lus. L. neut. n.
sedimen ‐inis
, sediment; L. masc. n.
bacillus
, a small rod; N.L. masc. n.
Sediminibacillus
, a rod living in sediment.

Bacillota / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Sediminibacillus

The genus
Sediminibacillus
is classified within the family
Bacillaceae
, order
Bacillales
, and in the phylum
Bacillota
(
Firmicutes
). The cells are Gram‐stain‐positive, rod shaped, and occur singly, in pairs, or in short chains. Motile. Endospores may be formed terminally in swollen sporangia or not be observed. Cells are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. Nitrate may or may not be reduced to nitrite. Moderately halophilic. Optimal growth at 5.0–7.5% (w/v) NaCl, pH 7.5–8.0, and 30–37°C. The cell‐wall peptidoglycan type is A1γ with
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid. The major cellular fatty acids are anteiso‐C
15:0
and anteiso‐C
17:0
. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified glycolipid. The predominant respiratory quinone is MK‐7. The DNA G + C content is 41.3–44.1 mol%. Currently, the genus includes three species:
Sediminibacillus halophilus
(type species of the genus),
Sediminibacillus albus
, and
Sediminibacillus terrae
. The strains of these species were isolated from sediments of hypersaline lakes in China or nonsaline soils.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: between 41.3 and 44.1.

Type species
:
Sediminibacillus halophilus
Carrasco et al. 2008
VP
.
Mobilicoccus
Authors: Hamada Moriyuki
Published: December 2022

Mo.bi.li.coc'cus. L. masc./fem. adj.
mobilis
, mobile; N.L. masc. n.
coccus
, (from Gr. masc. n.
kokkos
, grain, seed) coccus; N.L. masc. n.
Mobilicoccus
, a mobile coccus.

Actinomycetota / Actinomycetia / Dermatophilales / Dermatophilaceae / Mobilicoccus

The genus
Mobilicoccus
is Gram‐stain‐positive, facultatively anaerobic, and mesophilic actinobacteria. Cells are coccus shaped, non‐endospore‐forming, and motile with peritrichous flagella. Catalase‐positive and oxidase‐negative. The cell‐wall peptidoglycan is of the A1γ type. The predominant isoprenoid quinone is MK‐8(H
2
), and the principal polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol. The major cellular fatty acids consist of monounsaturated and saturated straight‐chain fatty acids, with C
17:1
and C
15:0
as the major components. The G + C content of the genomic DNA is 69.8–71.9 mol%. Phylogenetically, the genus belongs to the family
Dermatophilaceae
within the order
Dermatophilales
. Currently, the genus contains two validly published species, namely,
Mobilicoccus pelagius
and
Mobilicoccus caccae
. The type species of the genus is
M. pelagius
, and the type strain is Aji5‐31
T
, which was isolated from the intestinal tract of a fish collected from the beach on the coast of Tokyo Bay, Japan. The type strain of the second species,
M. caccae
, is YIM 101593
T
, which was isolated from the feces of a primate living in Yunnan Wild Animal Park in Yunnan, China.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 69.8–71.9 (genome, HPLC).

Type species
:
Mobilicoccus pelagius
Hamada et al. 2010, VL139.
Methanofervidicoccus
Authors: Sakai Sanae
Published: December 2022

Me.tha.no.fer.vi.di.coc'cus. N.L. neut. n.
methanum
, methane; N.L. pref.
methano
‐, pertaining to methane; L. masc. adj.
fervidus
, hot; N.L. masc. n. ‘
coccus
’, (from Gr. masc. n.
kokkos
) a grain or berry and, in biology, a spherical cell; N.L. masc. n.
Methanofervidicoccus
, a coccus producing methane at high temperatures.

Euryarchaeota / Methanococci / Methanococcales / Methanococcaceae / Methanofervidicoccus

The genus
Methanofervidicoccus
includes obligately anaerobic, thermophilic, and hydrogenotrophic methanogens producing methane from H
2
/CO
2
for energy production and using CO
2
as the sole carbon source. Cells are nonmotile, regular to irregular cocci, and possess several flagella. F
420
‐based autofluorescence is observed. Formate, acetate, methanol, trimethylamines, and alcohols are not utilized for methanogenesis. Grows autotrophically, yeast extract and acetate are not required for growth. Selenium and tungsten solution stimulate growth. NaCl required for growth. The habitat is hydrothermal vents. The genus consists of a single species
Methanofervidicoccus abyssi
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 35.9 (HPLC), 35.3 (draft genome sequence).

Type species
:
Methanofervidicoccus abyssi
Sakai et al. 2019
VP
.
Halosegnis
Authors: Durán‐Viseras Ana , Sánchez‐Porro Cristina , Ventosa Antonio
Published: December 2022

Ha.lo.seg'nis. Gr. masc. n.
hals, halos
, salt; L. masc. adj.
segnis
, slow; N.L. masc. n.
Halosegnis
, a slow salt [growing] organism.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Haloarculaceae / Halosegnis

The genus
Halosegnis
is classified within the family
Haloarculaceae
, order
Halobacteriales
, and to the class
Halobacteria
. The cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, nonmotile rods, producing red‐ to light red‐pigmented colonies. Strictly aerobic. Extremely halophilic. Optimal growth at 20–25% (w/v) NaCl, at pH 7.5, and 37°C. Heterotrophic. Catalase‐positive but oxidase‐negative. The major polar lipids include biphosphatidylglycerol (BPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP‐Me), phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (PGS), one glycolipid chromatographically identical to sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether (S‐DGD‐1), sulfated triglycosyl diphytanyl archaeol ester linked to phosphatidic acid (S‐TGD‐1‐PA), and sulfated tetraglycosyl diether (S‐TeGD). Currently, the genus includes two species:
Halosegnis rubeus
(type species of the genus) and
Halosegnis longus
. Both species were isolated from marine salterns, but they are widely distributed in hypersaline aquatic habitats, especially at intermediate salinities.

DNA G + C content (mol%):
64.7–66.0 (genome).

Type species:
Halosegnis rubeus
Durán‐Viseras et al. 2021, VL203.
Salinadaptatus
Authors: Zhou Heng , Xue Qiong , Zhao Dahe , Xiang Hua
Published: December 2022

Sa.lin.a.dap.ta'tus. L. fem. pl. n.
salinae
, salterns, salt works; L. part. adj.
adaptatus
, adapted to a thing; N.L. masc. n.
Salinadaptatus
, an archaeon adapted to salt.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Natrialbales / Natrialbaceae / Salinadaptatus

Salinadaptatus
is a genus of haloalkaliphilic archaea. Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, motile, strictly aerobic, and rod shaped.
Salinadaptatus
species are able to grow in the presence of 2.6–5.3 M NaCl (optimum 4.4 M), at 30–50°C (optimum 42°C), and pH 7.0–10.0 (optimum 8.0–8.5).
Salinadaptatus
species can utilize glycerol,
d
‐glucose,
d
‐galactose, sucrose, lactose,
d
‐sorbitol, acetate, succinate,
l
‐malate, fumarate,
l
‐glutamate, citrate, and
l
‐aspartate, but chitin, mannose, maltose, starch, pyruvate, lactate,
l
‐alanine,
l
‐ornithine,
d
‐fructose,
d
‐sorbose,
d
‐xylose, glycine,
l
‐arginine, and
l
‐lysine are not utilized. The polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester. No glycolipids were detected. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and concatenated amino acid sequences of 122 single‐copy conserved proteins revealed a robust lineage of the genus with members of the related genera of the family
Natrialbaceae
. Known habitats are saline environments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
:
62.06.

Type species:
Salinadaptatus halalkaliphilus

Xue et al. 2021
VP
.
Dethiobacterales ord. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: December 2022

De.thi'o.bac.ter.a.les. N.L. masc. n.
Dethiobacter
, the type genus of the order; L. fem. pl. n. suff.
‐ales
, ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Dethiobacterales
, the order of the genus
Dethiobacter
.

Firmicutes D / Dethiobacteria / Dethiobacterales ord. nov.

The order
Dethiobacterales
is the only order of the class
Dethiobacteria
, which forms a deep‐branching phylogenetic lineage within the phylum “
Firmicutes D
.” It consists of a single family
Dethiobacteraceae
and genus
Dethiobacter
, whose members are haloalkaliphilic anaerobes with a respiratory metabolism.
Ships, shipping, Greece
Authors: Davis Dan L.
Published: December 2022

In the Greek world, commercial and non‐military vessels evolved into a variety of shapes and sizes suited to different purposes, from small rowed passenger boats to modest merchant galleys and to sizeable merchant ships propelled solely by the wind. The understanding of ships and shipping has been particularly helped by the discovery of ancient shipwrecks.
Peter Patrikios (Peter the Patrician)
Authors: Feissel Denis
Published: December 2022

Born in Thessalonike around 500
ce
, Peter Patrikios was one of the principal diplomats and officials of the reign of Justinian.
Kephallenia (Cephallenia)
Authors: Bonelou Elena
Published: December 2022

Kephallenia is situated at the western opening of the Corinthian Gulf. It was named after the mythical founder of the island, Kephalos. During the Late Bronze Age, Kephallenia turned into a significant Mycenaean center. In Classical times, Thucydides (2.30.2) referred to Kephallenia astetrapolisand named four cities: Pale, Krane, Same, and Pronnoi. During the Roman period a new city, Panormos, was established at the northern part of the island.
Enabling Efficient Blue‐Emissive Circularly Polarized Luminescence by In Situ Crafting of Chiral Quasi‐2D Perovskite Nanosheets within Polymer Nanofibers
Authors: Wen Zhangchuan , Lu Rong , Gu Fan , Zheng Kai , Zhang Lijie , Jin Huile , Chen Yihuang , Wang Shun , Pan Shuang
Published: December 2022

Chiral perovskite materials have intrigued enormous interests because of their appealing chiroptical properties and tailorable non‐centrosymmetric structures. However, it remains challenging to realize high‐efficiency blue emissive circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of intrinsic chiral perovskite nanomaterials at room temperature. Herein, a robust and versatile electrospinning strategy is reported for in situ construction of chiral 2D and quasi‐2D perovskite nanosheets (PNSs) protected in polymer hybrid nanofibers. It is found that quasi‐2D chiral PNS/polymer possesses inherent chirality and enhanced CPL properties at room temperature compared to 2D counterparts. Notably, CPL emission color of chiral quasi‐2D PNS/polymer can be tuned from deep blue to sky blue, and a high luminescence dissymmetry values up to −8.0 × 10−3 can be achieved. Different perovskites, polymers, and nanofibrous structures are expanded to explore the universality of polymer protected PNSs. Significantly, compared to spin‐coated film, the stabilities of quasi‐2D PNS/polymer film are greatly improved due to the effective protection of polymer. The obtained PNS/polymer hybrid nanofiber films can be conveniently implemented for circularly polarized light emitting diode devices. This study may open up a new avenue for the scalable fabrication of chiral perovskite nanomaterials of interest and their applications in the CPL related fields.
Dichlorinated Organic‐Salt Terahertz Sources for THz Spectroscopy
Authors: Shin Bong‐Rim , Yu In Cheol , Jazbinsek Mojca , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Kim Sang‐Wook , Kim Dongwook , Rotermund Fabian , Kwon O‐Pil
Published: December 2022

Although in terahertz (THz) source materials molecular anions significantly influence the performance of THz generation, only limited classes of molecular counter anions have been reported. Here, utilizing dichlorinated molecular anions in THz generators is reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. In these new crystals, two dichlorinated molecular anions with different molecular symmetries, asymmetric 3,4‐dichlorobenzenesulfonate (34DCS) and symmetric 3,5‐dichlorobenzenesulfonate (35DCS), are incorporated with a 2‐(4‐hydroxystyryl)‐1‐methylquinolinium (OHQ) cation possessing top‐level molecular optical nonlinearity. OHQ‐34DCS exhibits a strong nonlinear optical response, in contrast to OHQ‐35DCS. In OHQ‐34DCS crystals, the dichlorinated groups form strong halogen bonds (XBs) and hydrogen bonds (HBs), which are beneficial for suppressing molecular (phonon) vibrations. The optical‐to‐THz conversion efficiency of the OHQ‐34DCS crystals is extremely high, comparable to that of the benchmark organic THz generators. Moreover, the THz emission spectra from the OHQ‐34DCS crystals, compared to those of previously reported benchmark analogous crystals, are stronger modulated toward a flatter shape, but possess substantially reduced spectral dimples. Therefore, the introduction of dichlorinated molecular anions is an efficient approach for the design of highly efficient electro‐optic salt crystals as efficient broadband THz wave sources.
Fast and Multifunctional Optically‐Driven Actuators based on Stable, Efficient, and Superhydrophobic Photothermal Paper Films
Authors: Wang Jiaying , Li Peihang , Jing Zhimin , Leydecker Tim , Neogi Arup , Wang Zhiming
Published: December 2022

Remotely controlled self‐propelled optically‐driven actuators are increasingly attractive for sensing and robotic applications. However, complexities in material synthesis, multifunctionality, dynamic response, and the response rate limit their use for wide‐ranging application. This work uses a simple and efficient spraying method to prepare optically‐driven actuators based on TiN@PDMS‐PVDF (TiN@polydimethylsiloxane‐polyvinylidene difluoride) papers. The actuator exhibits stable superhydrophobicity for photothermal heating and corrosive solutions with a contact angle and sliding angle of 169.9° and 2.3°, respectively. The superhydrophobic actuators exhibit an efficient photothermal conversion aided by a very high optical absorption of the material approaching 97%. The optically‐driven actuator based on the TiN@PDMS‐PVDF paper exhibit a fast response and movement on the water surface. A 1.5 W cm−2 laser‐driven actuator yields a response time of 0.84 s, with its linear velocity approaching 10.1 mm s−1. The multifunctional optical‐driven actuators can easily perform operations such as linear and rotational motion optically engineered to avoid obstacles, transport cargo, and clean oil over a water surface. These fast, multifunctional, superhydrophobic actuators have bright prospects in many fields, such as bioengineering, environmental protection, and micro‐robots.
On‐Off Phagocytosis and Switchable Macrophage Activation Stimulated with NIR for Infected Percutaneous Tissue Repair of Polypyrrole‐Coated Sulfonated PEEK
Authors: Liu Xingdan , Zhang Haifeng , Yan Bangcheng , Yeung Kelvin W. K. , Liao Yun , Ouyang Liping , Liu Xuanyong
Published: December 2022

Intelligent control of the immune response is essential for obtaining percutaneous implants with good sterilization and tissue repair abilities. In this study, polypyrrole (Ppy) nanoparticles enveloping a 3D frame of sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SP) surface are constructed, which enhance the surface modulus and hardness of the sulfonated layer by forming a cooperative structure of simulated reinforced concrete and exhibit a superior photothermal effect. Ppy‐coated SP could quickly accumulate heat on the surface by responding to 808 nm near‐infrared (NIR) light, thereby killing bacteria, and destroying biofilms. Under NIR stimulation, the phagocytosis and M1 activation of macrophages cultured on Ppy‐coated SP are enhanced by activating complement 3 and its receptor, CD11b. Phagocytosis and M1 activation are impaired along with abolishment of NIR stimulation in the Ppy‐coated SP group, which is favorable for tissue repair. Ppy‐coated SP promotes Collagen‐I, vascular endothelial growth factor, connective tissue growth factor, and α‐actin (Acta2) expression by inducing M2 polarization owing to its higher surface modulus. Overall, Ppy‐coated SP with enhanced mechanical properties could be a good candidate for clinical percutaneous implants through on‐off phagocytosis and switchable macrophage activation stimulated with NIR.
AD and non‐AD mediators of the pathway between the APOE genotype and cognition
Authors: Nichols Emma , Brickman Adam M. , Casaletto Kaitlin B. , Dams‐O'Connor Kristen , George Kristen M. , Kumar Raj G. , Palta Priya , Rabin Jennifer S. , Satizabal Claudia L. , Schneider Julie , Pa Judy , La Joie Renaud
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype is a driver of cognitive decline and dementia. We used causal mediation methods to characterize pathways linking the APOE genotype to late‐life cognition through Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non‐AD neuropathologies.

Methods

We analyzed autopsy data from 1671 individuals from the Religious Orders Study, Memory and Aging Project, and Minority Aging Research Study (ROS/MAP/MARS) studies with cognitive assessment within 5 years of death and autopsy measures of AD (amyloid beta (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles), vascular (athero/arteriolo‐sclerosis, micro‐infarcts/macro‐infarcts), and non‐AD neurodegenerative neuropathologies (TAR DNA protein 43 [TDP‐43], Lewy bodies, amyloid angiopathy, hippocampal sclerosis).

Results

The detrimental effect of APOE ε4 on cognition was mediated by summary measures of AD and non‐AD neurodegenerative neuropathologies but not vascular neuropathologies; effects were strongest in individuals with dementia. The protective effect of APOE ε2 was partly mediated by AD neuropathology and stronger in women than in men.

Discussion

The APOE genotype influences cognition and dementia through multiple neuropathological pathways, with implications for different therapeutic strategies targeting people at increased risk for dementia.

Highlights

Both apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 and APOE ε4 effects on late‐life cognition are mediated by AD neuropathology.

The estimated mediated effects of most measures of AD neuropathology were similar.

Non–Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurodegenerative pathologies mediate the effect of ε4 independently from AD.

Non‐AD vascular pathologies did not mediate the effect of the APOE genotype on cognition.

The protective effect of APOE ε2 on cognition was stronger in women.
Lipid droplets, the Holy Grail of hepatic stellate cells: In health and hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Mak Ki M. , Wu Catherine , Cheng Christopher P.
Published: December 2022

Lipid droplets (LDs) are distinct morphological markers of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). They are composed of a core of predominantly retinyl esters and triacylglycerols surrounded by a phospholipid layer; the latter harbors perilipins 2, 3, and 5, which help control LD lipolysis. Electron microscopy distinguishes between Types I and II LDs. Type I LDs are surrounded by acid phosphatase‐positive lysosomes, which likely digest LDs. LD count and retinoid concentration are modulated by vitamin A intake. Alcohol consumption depletes hepatic retinoids and HSC LDs, with concomitant transformation of HSCs to fibrogenic myofibroblast‐like cells. LD loss and accompanying HSC activation occur in HSC cell culture models. Loss of LDs is a consequence of and not a prerequisite for HSC activation. LDs are endowed with enzymes for synthesizing retinyl esters and triacylglycerols as well as neutral lipases and lysosomal acid lipase for breaking down LDs. HSCs have two distinct metabolic LD pools: an “original” pool in quiescent HSCs and a “new” pool emerging in HSC activation; this two‐pool model provides a platform for analyzing LD dynamics in HSC activation. Besides lipolysis, LDs are degraded by lipophagy; however, the coordination between and relative contributions of these two pathways to LD removal are unclear. While induction of autophagy accelerates LD loss in quiescent HSCs and promotes HSC activation, blocking autophagy impairs LD degradation and inhibits HSC activation and fibrosis. This article is a critique of five decades of investigations into the morphology, molecular structure, synthesis, and degradation of LDs associated with HSC activation and fibrosis.
Network‐to‐network bipartite consensus under event‐triggered control over heterogeneous topologies
Authors: Sun Qianqian , Chen Xia
Published: December 2022

This article investigates the event‐triggered control scheme for network‐to‐network consensus problem over heterogeneous topologies. The cooperative‐competitive interactions among agents are considered. A distributed event‐triggered control mechanism for the multi‐agent system is proposed without requiring continuous inter‐neighboring communications. Time‐dependent triggering conditions are presented. By using Lyapunov stability theory, the matrix, and the algebraic graph theory, bipartite consensus is proved, and Zeno behavior is excluded. Finally, simulations are provided to prove the effectiveness of the obtained results.
The network structure of the Special Interests Survey
Authors: Brown Cynthia E. , Beauchamp Marshall T. , Nowell Kerri P. , Bernardin Courtney J. , Kanne Stephen M.
Published: December 2022

Despite the prevalence of special interests (SIs) in autistic youth, research on SIs and how they are characterized is limited. Indeed, a significant challenge in identifying and classifying SIs lies in capturing the vast and diverse scope of potential interests in this population. The recently developed Special Interest Survey (SIS) is a caregiver‐report measure to improve SI characterization by capturing a broad range of past and current SIs. In the present study, we performed a network analysis of the SIS to examine relations between SIs and identify distinct interest clusters. We analyzed data from 1992 caregivers of autistic youths who completed the SIS. The network of SIs was densely interconnected, characterized by six communities of interests: Fact‐seeking, Engineering, Order‐seeking, Object Attachment, Entertainment, and Scholarly Pursuits. Findings suggest that the structure of the observed network is likely to generalize to similar samples. Of all the SIs and their respective communities, behaviors related to Fact‐seeking were identified as the most central, meaning that endorsement of these interests was most strongly related to co‐endorsement of other SIs. These findings lay the groundwork for future work on SIs, such as improved assessment techniques and linkage of SIs to a broad range of demographic variables, youth characteristics, and autism symptoms.
One size does not fit all: An individualized approach to understand heterogeneous cognitive performance in autistic adults
Authors: Torenvliet Carolien , Groenman Annabeth P. , Radhoe Tulsi A. , Agelink van Rentergem Joost A. , Geurts Hilde M.
Published: December 2022

Cognitive performances of autistic people vary widely. Therefore, previous group‐based comparisons on cognitive aging in autistic adults might have overlooked those autistic adults that are particularly vulnerable for cognitive decline. Multivariate normative comparisons (MNC) statistically assess individual cognitive differences on the entire cognitive profile. Cognitive deviancy as indicated by MNC accurately predicts future cognitive decline, and is therefore sensitive in detecting meaningful cognitive differences. The current study aimed to (1) investigate the applicability of MNC to assess cognitive performance in autism individually, and (2) understand heterogeneous cognitive performance in autistic adults. As pre‐registered, we performed MNC in a sample of 254 non‐autistic adults, and two independent samples of respectively 118, and 86 autistic adults (20–85 years, mean: 50 years). Cognitive performance was measured on 11 outcomes in six domains (verbal/visual memory, working memory, verbal fluency, Theory of Mind, and psychomotor speed). Using MNC, about twice as many autistic individuals had a deviant cognitive profile (i.e., deviated statistically from the multivariate normspace) as compared to non‐autistic individuals. Importantly, most autistic individuals (>80%) did not have a deviant cognitive profile. Having a deviant profile was significantly associated with higher levels of psychological distress in autistic adults specifically, showing the clinical relevance of this method. Therefore, MNC seem a useful tool to individually detect meaningful cognitive differences in autism. These results are consistent with previous cognitive studies suggesting that most autistic adults show fairly similar cognitive profiles to non‐autistic adults, yet highlight the necessity for approaches reflecting the heterogeneity observed in autistic people.