bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impulsivity in Problem Students
Authors: Schaeffler Janice , Lester David
Published: August 2011

16 high school students with behavioral problems showed less functional impulsivity than 32 normal students but were similar in dysfunctional impulsivity.
Congruence between Hindu Philosophy and Writings of Otto Rank
Authors: Dewan Mantosh J. , Gupta Sanjay
Published: August 2011

Parallels between some of Rank's basic assumptions and those of ancient Indian thought are presented; both describe life as inherently painful, and both detail four very similar stages of development whereby a person may transcend a life of futility. Rank was well versed in philosophy, had ideas that parallel Hindu concepts, and chose to be cremated as is the Hindu tradition rather than be buried according to the prevailing custom.
Marital Satisfaction and Division of Family-Related Tasks among Japanese Married Couples
Authors: Morinaga Yasuko , Sakata Kiriko , Koshi Ryoko
Published: August 2011

This study investigated marital satisfaction and division of family-related tasks (i.e., domestic chores, socializing activities, and family-related decisions) among Japanese married couples in terms of actual division and discrepancy between actual and desired division of household tasks. Both husbands and wives showed high marital satisfaction, although wives' satisfaction was significantly lower than that of husbands. Wives performed almost all family-related tasks, and their marital satisfaction was moderately related to discrepancy between actual and desired division, but not the actual division. Husbands' marital satisfaction was not related to the division of family-related tasks.
The False Consensus Effect: Predicting Adolescents' Tobacco Use from Normative Expectations
Authors: Botvin Gilbert J. , Botvin Elizabeth M. , Baker Eli , Dusenbury Linda , Goldberg Catherine J.
Published: August 2011

A longitudinal sample of 916 adolescents was examined to assess the extent to which the perceived smoking prevalence of adults' or peers' smoking was related to cigarette smoking. Questionnaires were distributed to junior high school students in Grade 7 and again in Grade 9. Prevalence of perceived peers' smoking and prevalence of perceived adults' smoking were significantly related to cigarette smoking both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Adolescents who believed that half or more than half of all adults or peers smoked cigarettes showed the most smoking involvement, and those who believed that fewer than half of adults or peers smoked were least involved. These findings provide further evidence that adolescent normative expectations about cigarette smoking are an important determinant of smoking initiation.
Work Values of Black, Unwed Adolescent Parents
Authors: Hansford Sandra G. , Drummond Robert J.
Published: August 2011

The work values of black unwed adolescent parents were explored using the Values Scale. On 21 scales, the scores of 47 youth (12 to 20 years old) were compared with those of a preliminary normative sample presented in the test manual. Significant differences between the two groups were found on 16 of the 21 scales. The values of these black adolescent parents were less crystallized than were those of the normative group and reflect the concern for this group's satisfaction of their basic needs in which physical, safety, and self-esteem needs appeared most dominant.
Note on Guilt Appeals in Advertising: Covariate Effects of Self-Esteem and Locus of Control
Authors: Pinto Mary Beth , Worobetz N. Dan
Published: August 2011

A 1991 study by Pinto and Priest demonstrated the effectiveness of advertisements employing moderate levels of guilt in inducing guilt responses in subjects. Because individuals' responses to guilt are often influenced by their specific personality characteristics, researchers have pointed to the potential moderating effects of individual difference variables such as level of self-esteem and locus of control on individuals' susceptibility to guilt appeals. A study was conducted to evaluate the possibility that self-esteem and locus of control can act as covariates across three treatment levels of guilt advertising. From a sample of 57 working mothers, advertisements stimulating medium and high levels of guilt elicited significantly greater feelings of guilt in subjects than the control advertisement stimulating low guilt. However, the relationship between susceptibility to guilt appeals and self-esteem and locus of control was not observed to covary.
Shared Activities of Grandparents and Grandchildren
Authors: Kennedy Gregory E.
Published: August 2011

Responses of 391 young adult grandchildren to a list of 29 activities gave empirical support to the usefulness of the list by indicating the extent to which each activity was characteristic of their relationship with their most-close grandparent. Analyses of variance indicated the influence of 7 independent variables on the rating of the activities. Information from the study could provide a context to assist in considering the meaning of specific activities as they appear in research directed toward other aspects of the grandparent/grandchild relationship. It could also be helpful in educational programs as part of the anticipatory socialization of grandparents.
Several Antecedent Strategies in Reduction of an Environmentally Destructive Behavior
Authors: Smith Jeffrey M. , Bennett Russell
Published: August 2011

The effects of response-specific prompts, prompts identifying long-term and short-term consequences, a combination of long-term and short-term consequences, and a combination of short-term consequences and response-specific prompts on the reduction of environmentally destructive lawn-walking were investigated. The response-specific prompt alone was effective, and its effectiveness was enhanced by the identification of short-term and long-term consequences; however, the mere identification of short-term and long-term consequences alone was not effective.
Correlations for Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence for Iranian Children
Authors: Shahim Sima
Published: August 2011

This study focused on the relationship between the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised (WISC—R) and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) given to 40 6-yr.-old Iranian children. Pearson correlations between the WISC—R and the WPPSI IQs and between scaled scores on the corresponding subtests were significant. The comparison of mean IQs and scaled scores indicates that the WISC—R yielded a significantly higher Verbal IQ and higher scores on Information, Vocabulary, Comprehension, and Picture Completion than the WPPSI. The mean difference between corresponding Verbal and Full Scale IQs was not significant. These results suggest that scores on the two instruments correlated well for these 6-yr.-old Iranian children and the content on which IQs for the recently restandardized WISC—R and WPPSI are based are related.
Validity and Clinical Scale Comparisons between the MMPI and MMPI-2 with Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Blake Dudley David , Kleespies Phillip M. , Penk Walter E. , Walsh Suellen S. , Mori DeAnna L. , Keane Terence M.
Published: August 2011

This study was designed to investigate the comparability of the original MMPI (1950) and the MMPI-2 (1989) with a psychiatric patient population. 34 male and 3 female patients, shortly after admission to one of two acute psychiatry units, completed the old and revised versions of the MMPI. Paired t tests indicated but scant differences for raw scores, while many more differences were found among T scores for validity, clinical, and supplemental scales. Analyses, however, showed all scales on the two forms to be highly correlated. Analysis of the high-point and two-point codes across the two administrations also showed relative stability, although the proportion of Scales 2 (Depression) and 8 (Schizophrenia) decreased, while those for Scales 6 (Paranoia) and 7 (Psychasthenia) increased markedly in the MMPI-2 protocols. Examination of each version's discriminability among mood- and thought-disordered subsamples suggested that the MMPI provides slightly better delineation between diagnostic classes. Discriminant function analyses showed that there were essentially no differences between the two forms in the accurate classification of clinical and nonclinical groups. The findings reported here provide support for the MMPI-2; despite modification, the newer form retains the advantages of the original MMPI. Differences found here may be unique to psychiatric patients and their patterns of MMPI/MMPI-2 equivalence and may not generalize to other special populations.
Psychometric and Related Deficits in Preventive Alcohol Intervention Programming
Authors: Duryea Elias J.
Published: August 2011

The 1991 study by Collins and Cellucci ignores some important research principles needed for sound educational inquiry. Psychometric properties of evaluation instruments cannot be omitted from even field tests of small scale. Selected other omissions need review since other researchers may replicate such errors.
Type a Behavior, Job Satisfaction, and Stress among Black Professionals
Authors: Gamble George O. , Matteson Michael T.
Published: August 2011

Most studies of work-related Type A behavior have been conducted with samples of white men. Using a mail questionnaire to assess Type A behavior, job satisfaction, and daily stress and tension among 250 black men and 233 black women public accountants, the prevalence of Type A behavior and its relationship with satisfaction and stress were highly consistent with those reported for other samples of white men and women.
Effects of Group Prosocial Skills Training on Anger Control in Prison Inmates
Authors: Forbes Marcus R. , Pratsinak George J. , Fagan Thomas J. , Ax Robert K.
Published: August 2011

A prosocial skills training program did not significantly affect the abilities of 48 adult male prison inmates to manage anger. Eight group treatment sessions did not influence their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors developed over years of experiential learning.
The Rotter I-E Scale as a Predictor of Relapse in a Population of Compulsive Gamblers
Authors: Johnson Edward E. , Nora Rena M. , Bustos Nenuca
Published: August 2011

Profile surveys, completed Rotter I-E scales, and questionnaires on past relapse behavior were collected from 108 New Jersey compulsive gamblers who attended Gamblers Anonymous, and an attempt was made, based on the findings, to predict incidence of compulsive gamblers' relapse. Relationships between I-E scores and extent of relapse-free periods, and I-E scores and relapse, with the variables of religious background, age, marital status, education, type of work, and childhood physical abuse were investigated. In every instance the relationship found was statistically nonsignificant.
Development and Application of a Writing Attitude Survey for Grades 1 to 3
Authors: Knudson Ruth E.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of these studies was to develop and use a writing attitude survey for students in Grades 1 to 3 modeled after the survey developed and used with students in Grades 4 to 8 in 1991. A 19-item survey was administered to 394 children in Grades 1, 2, and 3. The instrument was then used in an experiment to assess the effect of instructional treatment, grade, and participation on 112 students' attitudes toward writing. There were no significant main effects for treatment or for time of measurement. There were no significant interactions, but there was a significant main effect for grade. Follow-up of significant main effects using Tukey tests indicated that 52 third graders had significantly more positive attitudes toward writing than 60 fifth graders.
When is Couples Therapy Necessary and Sufficient?
Authors: Lazarus Arnold A.
Published: August 2011

Couples therapy is not a unified form of treatment but draws on a heterogeneous range of influencing processes. When distressed couples are relatively stable and interested in effecting a harmonious modus vivendi, didactic training will usually achieve salubrious outcomes. When individual agendas, hidden or otherwise, undermine the relationship, individual therapy is often essential before the couple can benefit from conjoint therapy. Those who insist on working only within dyadic, triadic, or family contexts may fail to achieve desirable goals.
“Glory is Not Enough”: Dual Careers in Israeli Air Force Families
Authors: Vardi Yoav
Published: August 2011

139 wives of Israeli Air Force pilots completed questionnaires about their own career needs and experiences. It was expected that the respondents would “adhere” to the traditional two-persons one-career model in response to the demands set by the husbands' jobs; however, they tended to aspire for and exert effort toward a work career independent of that of their husbands. Specifically, (a) actual work experiences were positively related to subjective career experiences, (b) the more internal scoring was the person, the higher the career interest, and (c) external obstacles seemed to strengthen rather than weaken the person's career interests. Implications for research on women's career development and for management of dual careers are discussed.
Academic and Nonacademic Self-Concepts: Influence of Recent Life-Change Experiences and Demographic, Social, and Health Variables
Authors: Garg Rashmi
Published: August 2011

For 150 undergraduate students (50 men, 100 women) the influences of demographic, social, health, and recent life-change experiences were examined on four facets of academic self-concept and nine facets of nonacademic self-concept. Multiple regression analyses showed that, in general, past academic performance, family structure, and family satisfaction were important predictors of academic self-concept. Family structure, family satisfaction, social satisfaction, mental stress associated with recent life-change experiences, and health factors in general were important predictors of nonacademic self-concept. Recent life-change experiences and mental health were significantly associated, more prominently among subjects who were low on emotional self-concept than those who scored high.
Relationship of the MacAndrew Scale to Sensation Seeking
Authors: Hundley P. L.
Published: August 2011

Findings of Baker, Beer, and Beer on use of the MacAndrew Scale in relating sensation seeking to alcoholism require comment. It is argued that the MacAndrew Scale does not provide interval level data below the cut-off score so correlations on such data should be point biserial.
Source Credibility and Presidential Campaigns: Governor Clinton and the Allegation of Marital Infidelity
Authors: Wanzenried J. W. , Smith-Howell D. , Powell F. C.
Published: August 2011

The McCroskey and Jenson source credibility scale was administered to a sample of 178 college students before and after watching Governor Clinton, candidate for the Democratic Presidential nomination, answer questions relating to charges of marital infidelity on a nationally televised program. Four source credibility attributes showed no statistically significant changes in scores before and after the program on competency, character, sociability, and extroversion.
Psychosocial Characteristics of Persons Convicted of Driving While Intoxicated
Authors: Veneziano Carol , Veneziano Louis
Published: August 2011

Psychosocial and sociodemographic characteristics were obtained on a sample of 498 Missouri DWI offenders. The information included problems associated with alcohol use, past treatment, arrest data, stressful life events, depression, and substance abuse. Descriptive results are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implications.
Jenkins Type a Scores in the Relation of Stress and Premenstrual Symptoms
Authors: Dinning W. David , Guptill Angela M.
Published: August 2011

To evaluate the manner in which the Type A scores are associated with the relationship between stress and premenstrual symptoms, 102 college women were administered the College Life Experiences Survey, the Jenkins Activity Survey, and the Premenstrual Assessment Form. An hierarchical regression analysis supported the direct effects hypothesis and indicated that the Type A scores are associated with more reported menstrual symptoms at all levels of stress.
Multidimensional Health Locus of Control as Partial Predictor of Serum Phosphorus in Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Schneider Bob
Published: August 2011

The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale was administered to 137 chronic hemodialysis outpatients in a survey designed to examine the relationship of these scores to serum phosphorus, a laboratory indicator of dietary compliance in end-stage renal disease. In a multiple regression analysis, scores on the Powerful Others Locus of Control subscale accounted for 8.9% of the variance in serum phosphorus. Discussion includes a tentative explanation of the findings and limitations of the design.
Defensive Attribution Hypothesis and Serious Occupational Accidents
Authors: Salminen Simo
Published: August 2011

Based on the defensive attribution hypothesis, we assume that the victims of serious occupational accidents tend to attribute their accidents to external factors, while their coworkers and foremen tend to attribute the accidents to the victims' own action. The data to test this hypothesis consisted of 99 serious occupational accidents in southern Finland. In connection with the accident, or after the investigation at the accident site, 73 victims, 65 coworkers, and 71 foremen were interviewed. The results support our assumption, as the victims tended to use external attributions, whereas the foremen and coworkers attributed the accidents to internal factors. The defensive attribution hypothesis seems to explain the differences in how each party interpreted the basis for each accident.
Operationalizing the Romance Construct in an Adult Sample
Authors: Tucker Raymond K. , Vivian Barbara , Marvin Matthew G.
Published: August 2011

29 men between the ages of 19 and 79 years and 60 women between the ages of 18 and 73 years completed an open-ended questionnaire seeking information on romantic acts. These subjects, shoppers in a mall in Toledo, Ohio, were asked to cite specific acts of romance. Among the top ten, the three most frequently specified acts were the kiss, sending or receiving flowers, and dinner in a variety of settings. Responses were compared to two recent studies in which similar information was sought.
Television News and Elderly Persons
Authors: Hilt Michael L.
Published: August 2011

Previous studies concerning elderly people have examined either use of all media by older adults or their depiction in television entertainment programs. What has been overlooked has been television news and its effects on elderly people. Careful research is needed to gauge this.
Primary Relationships Affect the Psychological Health of Homosexual Men at Risk for Aids
Authors: O'Brien Kerth
Published: August 2011

Less is known about the effects of primary relationships on psychological health for homosexual men and women than for heterosexual men and women. Given the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the primary relationships of homosexual men are especially important to examine at the present time. Using questionnaire data collected from 259 homosexual men, this study examined the effects of status and quality of relationship on psychological health. Analysis indicated that homosexual men who are in primary relationships experience fewer depressive symptoms and greater well-being than other homosexual men but that being in a relationship does not predict changes in these outcomes over time. Men who report high quality of relationship show improvements over time in psychological health. These findings are discussed in light of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Sequences of Drug Involvement in African-American and Puerto Rican Adolescents
Authors: Brook Judith S. , Hamburg Beatrix A. , Balka Elinor B. , Wynn Pe Shein
Published: August 2011

This study examined stages in drug involvement of 695 African-American and 637 Puerto Rican adolescents. Analysis indicated that adolescents progress through several stages of drug involvement: beer/wine, cigarettes or hard liquor, then marijuana, and, finally, illicit drugs other than marijuana. The sequence of drug involvement for both ethnic groups appears to be both unidimensional and cumulative.
Goldberg's Index to Diagnose Psychosis Vs Neurosis from the MMPI-2
Authors: Brophy Alfred L.
Published: August 2011

Comparisons were made of Goldberg's (1965) psychotic index on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the MMPI-2. It is recommended that MMPI T scores be used to calculate the MMPI-2 Goldberg index.
Frequency of Eating Problems among Asian and Caucasian College Women
Authors: Lucero Kristy , Hicks Robert A. , Bramlette Julie , Brassington Glenn S. , Welter Melisa G.
Published: August 2011

We compared the frequencies of Asian and Caucasian women who were classified by their responses to the EAT-26 scale as having eating problems. We noted that relative to their Asian peers, our sample of Caucasian women was 5.5 times more likely to score above the cut-off score for eating problems on this test. Two earlier studies which had reported opposite results for Asian and Caucasian women were discussed and reevaluated in the context of our data.
Prime Factors for Seeking Infertility Treatment Amongst Iranian Patients
Authors: Baluch Bahman , Al-Shawae Talha , Craft Ian
Published: August 2011

This paper reports a survey of prime factors for seeking infertility treatment amongst 14 Iranian couples and discusses the implications of the findings in relation to issues related to infertility treatment and the need for comparative research on patients from diverse socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds.
Acceptance of Misleading Information by Children and Adults
Authors: Molyneaux Camille V. , Larsen Janet D.
Published: August 2011

A total of 294 subjects from Grades 1, 3, 6, and college viewed a videotape of a birthday party and heard misleading information embedded in three of nine questions they answered about what they had seen. Two days later, the subjects answered six additional questions which tested whether they had accepted the misleading information. Half the subjects had heard misleading information about three of the questions and half heard misleading information about the other three questions. The results indicated that a significant number of both children and adults accepted the misleading information embedded in three of the six questions. For only one question was there any difference in the likelihood that subjects in different grades would accept misleading information.
Aggression, Alcohol Dependency, and Self-Consciousness among High School Students of Divorced and Nondivorced Parents
Authors: Workman Michael , Beer John
Published: August 2011

134 high school students from a small high school in north central Kansas completed the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale, Fenigstein, et al.'s Self-consciousness Scale, and Zaks' Aggression Scale. Analyses of variance showed significant differences between boys and girls but not among grades. On the aggression and alcohol measures boys scored higher than girls, but lower on public self-consciousness. Youth of divorced parents scored significantly higher than those of nondivorced parents on aggression, private self-consciousness, and general self-consciousness. Aggression scores were significantly and positively correlated with those on the alcohol and private self-consciousness scales. When students' alcoholism scores indicate problems with alcohol, their scores on aggression indicate greater aggression and their private self-consciousness scores indicate sensitivity toward events in their environment, then having concerns about inner self can inhibit the action required for change. MacAndrew scores correlated significantly and negatively with scores on social anxiety about self-consciousness. When MacAndrew scores indicated problems with alcohol, the students' scores on social anxiety about self-consciousness suggested confidence in social settings, being at ease interacting with people. The present study involved students from a single rural district so increased understanding will require more extensive research if strategies for prevention and intervention are to be developed and utilized.
Studies on Attainment of Higher Moral Reasoning
Authors: Mwamwenda Tuntufye S.
Published: August 2011

Kohlberg identified six stages in the moral reasoning of children and adults and indicated that older persons are more likely to show higher stages. An examination of some literature through 1991 suggests improved moral reasoning can be attained by an awareness of cognitive dissonance in challenging one's moral concepts. Also, the higher the stage the more a person is likely to behave in keeping with universal principles of justice.
College Students' Drinking Problems: A National Study, 1982–1991
Authors: Hanson David J. , Engs Ruth C.
Published: August 2011

The drinking problems of college students from every state in the continental United States were examined in 1982 ( n = 4,405), 1985 ( n = 3,453), 1988 ( n = 4,343), and 1991 ( n = 3,907). Observed were increases in 10 of the 17 problems studied and decreases in four; three of the decreases were in driving-related problems.
Who Watches the News? Adolescents and Television
Authors: Gibson Harry M. , Francis Leslie J.
Published: August 2011

Data from 5,432 11- to 15-year-olds in Scotland suggest that media researchers may underestimate adolescents' exposure to television news.
Scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children in a Longitudinal Study of Pubertal Spanish Youth
Authors: Canals J. , Martí-Henneberg C. , Fernández-Ballart J. , Clivillé R. , Domènech E.
Published: August 2011

Changes in scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children for a sample of 534 pubertal adolescents were longitudinally studied over a period of 4 years. Biological development and other variables were investigated. For the 310 boys, A-trait scores decreased significantly with age. The 224 girls showed significantly higher scores than boys in all years of the study. No significant relationship was found between anxiety and pubertal maturity. The year-to-year persistence in symptomatology of anxiety ranged between 55.6% and 66.1% for girls and between 48.5% and 53.1% for boys. Girls showed b1- and tri-annual persistence between 31% and 50%, and boys between 13% and 27% Neuroticism scores formed the best predictor of A-trait scores. Symptomatology of anxiety is not transient during early adolescence, so personality may provide a risk indicator in the development of anxiety.
Imaginal, Sensory, and Cognitive Experience in Spontaneous Recovery from Alcoholism
Authors: Zimmerman Jeffrey D. , Zeller Barbara R.
Published: August 2011

Although alcoholism is often regarded as an intractable disorder that requires intensive treatment, studies of the natural history of alcoholism indicate that unaided, spontaneous recovery may be the most common pathway to remission from alcoholism. Negative environmental consequences of alcoholic drinking have been invoked to explain spontaneous recovery, but a more compelling reason for sudden changes in drinking behavior concerns shifts in the personal meanings surrounding alcohol use. Extensive interviews in a multimodal format were conducted with two groups of alcoholics: one group comprised of 7 subjects who spontaneously recovered without treatment and the other group comprised of 9 people who believed formal treatment was necessary to abstain from drinking. Spontaneously recovered alcoholics reported experiencing vivid sensations and images at the time they decided to quit drinking, and they reported subsequent transformations of their personal identities. Active alcoholics reported no comparable experiences in imaginal, sensory, and cognitive modalities. Implications of the results for current alcoholism treatments are discussed.
Decriminalization of Suicide in Canada and Suicide Rates
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

The decriminalization of suicide in Canada in 1972 did not lead to an increasing rate of suicide afterwards when compared with the period prior to 1972.
Extended Normative Data for the Logical Memory Subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised: Responses from a Sample of Cognitively Intact Elderly Medical Patients
Authors: Lichtenberg Peter A. , Christensen Bruce
Published: August 2011

66 cognitively intact geriatric medical patients (ages 70 to 99; M = 77 yr.) were given the Logical Memory subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised to extend normative data. 43 women and 23 men, 35 white and 31 black persons made up this urban geriatric sample. A review of patients' medical histories and Mattis' Dementia Rating scores of 129 or greater were used to ensure a sample of cognitively intact patients. Analyses showed that Logical Memory scores were uncorrelated with education, race, sex, or age.
College vs Junior High School Students' Knowledge of Alcohol as a Teratogen
Authors: Haemmerlie Frances M. , Merz Carla J. , Nelson Scott B.
Published: August 2011

This study assessed knowledge possessed by male and female junior high school and college students ( N = 422) about the teratogenic effects of alcohol. Although most students were aware that alcohol is a teratogenic substance, they demonstrated little knowledge of the nature and timing of possible specific negative effects.
Chaos, an Omen of Transcendence in the Psychotherapeutic Process
Authors: Bütz Michael R.
Published: August 2011

Here some of the basic ideas assembled under the recently coined term chaos theory are applied to the process of psychotherapy. Utilizing some ideas from chaos theory, “chaos” is defined in psychological terms as a state of overwhelming anxiety and is interpreted as the first indication of potential psychological growth. The concepts of Analytical Psychology and the modality of sandtray therapy are used to illustrate the type of therapeutic approach this theoretical work proposes in the transcendent cycle. Psychotherapy simply facilitates a transformation, wherein clients are guided through the chaos they are experiencing so that they may grow beyond their current psychological limitations.
Self-Esteem, Anxiety, and Drug Use
Authors: Taylor Douglas N. , Del Pilar Jose
Published: August 2011

This pilot study evaluated the relationship between self-esteem, anxiety, and drug use in a nonclinical sample of 30 men, ages 16 to 43 years, who completed and returned inventories on self-esteem, trait anxiety, and drug use which they had received by mail. Analysis showed a significant negative correlation between self-esteem and drug use and a significant positive correlation between trait anxiety and drug use. Also, a significant negative correlation was found between self-esteem and trait anxiety. Implications are discussed.
Employment Clothing Practices and Attitudes of White-Collar Female Workers
Authors: Paek Soae L.
Published: August 2011

The business clothing practices and attitude toward clothing of 313 white-collar female workers in a large state organization were investigated. The purposes of the present study were to investigate whether (1) there were significant differences in types of clothing chosen for work by managerial and nonmanagerial women, (2) there were correlations among types of clothing chosen and the attitudes toward employment clothing, career commitment, and apparel evaluative criteria, and (3) the factors contributed to the prediction of type of clothing chosen and clothing expenditures. Analysis yielded significant differences in the types of clothing chosen for work by those two groups and significant correlations between those types of clothing and clothing attitudes, and the apparel evaluative criteria. The multiple regression results indicated that the attitudes about clothing, price, career commitment, perceived new clothing needs, and age contributed to the prediction of employment clothing practices and expenditures.
Interaction of Instructions with the Recall Strategy Actually Used in a Paired-Associates Learning Task
Authors: Straub Holly R. , Granaas Michael M.
Published: August 2011

Previous research suggests that interactive imagery produces memory performance superior to separation imagery, although the effects of instructions are less clear. Paired-associate learning was used to examine the effects of instructions (general memory, separation imagery, and interactive imagery) on recall, the frequency of using memory strategies (nonimaginal, separate image, and interactive image), and strategies' effectiveness. The numbers of correctly recalled items were fewer for subjects given general memory instructions than for subjects given separation or interactive imagery instructions which were not different from each other. Subjects reported using a variety of strategies. However, subjects given separation imagery instructions were more likely to report an interactive image than a separate image, and equally as likely to use interactive imagery as subjects given interactive imagery instructions. The present data suggest that subjects can effectively use a variety of memory strategies.
Correlates of Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire Scales with Selected Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Scales
Authors: Wetzel Richard D. , Brown Stephen L. , Knesevich Mary Ann , Wolff Harold A. , Horn Charles J. , Cloninger C. Robert
Published: August 2011

The pattern of correlations between selected MMPI scales and the scales of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire were examined in a convenience sample of 88 patients who had received both tests. Time between tests (usually less than one year) did not affect the correlations, but MMPI response-set variables ( L, F, K, F–K) did. The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire harm avoidance scale and subscales had many correlates on the MMPI. The Novelty seeking scale and subscales showed a number of moderate correlations with a smaller number of MMPI scales; these correlations did not significantly exceed the correlations with MMPI response-set variables. The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire reward dependence scale and subscales had few, if any, significant MMPI correlates. It was also noted that no Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire scales were related to MMPI repression factor scores.
Associations between the Holden Psychological Screening Inventory and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory in a Nonclinical Sample
Authors: Holden Ronald R.
Published: August 2011

Associations between psychopathology measured by the Holden Psychological Screening Inventory and normal personality measured by the NEO Five-factor Inventory were investigated using a sample of 64 first-year undergraduates. Analysis supported the validity of scales of each inventory and indicated significant quantitative links between measures of psychopathology and normal personality.
The Fractal Nature of the Development of the Self
Authors: Bütz Michael R.
Published: August 2011

This paper provides a discussion of the life cycle using a framework constructed from ideas in chaos theory. Building upon psychodynamic ideas from Freud, Jung, and Erikson, the integration of the Self is discussed from the viewpoint of Analytical Psychology. It is proposed that throughout our lives we encounter crisis points that fractionate the ego and necessitate use of more complex and adaptive psychic structures to contain or handle the seemingly disparate qualities that arise. We may say that eventually one aspires to realize Analytical Psychology's goal of integrating the superior and the inferior functions of the psyche into a cohesive Self. Jung seemed to state that the Self could never be attained, but it is argued in this paper that a form of transitory self may be realized periodically during the course of the life cycle.
Personality Differences of Sex Offenders Referred for Treatment
Authors: Valliant Paul M. , Blasutti Barbara
Published: August 2011

Personalities of 64 sex offenders (rapists, molesters, and incestuous types) referred for treatment were compared. No significant differences on MMPI scores or IQ were noted among subgroups of molesters. Significant trait anxiety indicated that molesters of both males and females had higher anxiety than incestuous offenders. Also, a significant difference was noted on state anxiety; all groups decreased scores over treatment. A significant effect of brief therapy also occurred for trait anxiety. All groups but incestuous offenders decreased on trait anxiety over 5-wk. therapy. Male and female molester groups decreased in self-esteem whereas incestuous types and rapists increased in self-esteem. Implications are provided for these results.
A Multivariate Analysis of Weight-Loss Behavior
Authors: Pratt Charlotte A. , McLaughlin Gerald W. , Gaylord Clark
Published: August 2011

This study used a theoretical framework with multiple variables in multivariate analyses (factor, multiple regression, and path analyses) to investigate the sociopsychological predictors of weight loss. Responses from 309 participants of a comprehensive weight-loss program indicated that self-assurance was the most significant predictor of actual weight loss, followed by weeks completed. Other factors, such as program satisfaction and perceived importance, indirectly predicted weight loss through the intervening variables of self-assurance and weeks completed. Differences in the factors predicting weight loss were observed between completers and dropouts. The implications of these results for professionals concerned with weight control are discussed.
A Test of a Two-Stage Model of the Evaluation of Hypotheses from Quantified First-Order Predicate Logic in Information Use Tasks
Authors: Langford Peter E. , Hunting Robert
Published: August 2011

480 adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12 and 29 years participated in an experiment in which they were asked to evaluate hypotheses from quantified first-order predicate logic specifying that certain classes of event were necessarily, possibly, or certainly not included within a universe of discourse. Results were used to test a two-stage model of performance on hypothesis evaluation tasks that originated in work on the evaluation of conditionals. The two-stage model, unlike others available, successfully predicted the range of patterns of reply observed. In dealing with very simple hypotheses subjects in this age range tended not to make use of alternative hypotheses unless these were explicitly or implicitly suggested to them by the task. This tells against complexity of hypothesis as an explanation of the reluctance to use alternative hypotheses in evaluating standard conditionals.
Personality Factors in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins: A Comparative Study
Authors: De Leo D. , Capodieci S. , Villa A.
Published: August 2011

To explore similarities or differences on a number of psychological variables relating to personality for members of 16 pairs of monozygotic and 16 pairs of dizygotic twins and between the two groups, the Rorschach, Luscher, Cattell 16 PF, Bern Sex-role Inventory, and Symptom Distress Check List were given to 64 subjects. Analysis confirms data in the literature concerning significant similarities on some personality traits for monozygotic and dizygotic pairs, but with some differences between the groups tested. The particular similarity between the twins may be more attributable to the type of relationship developed early between the twins and the mother than to a greater genetic than environmental influence.
Social Support and Suicidal Ideation in College Students
Authors: Whatley Sherry L. , Clopton James R.
Published: August 2011

The present study examined the link between social support and suicidal ideation among 305 university students (90 men and 215 women) whose ages ranged from 18 to 24 years. Social support was significantly correlated with suicidal ideation ( r = –.38), but social support did not contribute to the variation in suicidal ideation scores beyond the joint contribution of scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and scores on the Hopelessness Scale. A stronger relationship between social support and suicidal ideation might be found if investigators assessed different aspects of social support and if they examined the interaction of social support and level of reported stress.
Temporal Integration and Psychohistory
Authors: Goldwert Marvin
Published: August 2011

Citing Hearnshaw and Gombrich on the concept of temporal integration, this paper briefly suggests the utility of this concept to the psychohistorian. A case study on the Aztecs, as viewed by historian William H. Prescott, illustrates this theme.
Careers in Psychology: Or What Can I Do with a Bachelor's Degree
Authors: Carroll James L. , Shmidt Jerry L. , Sorensen Rena
Published: August 2011

Employment opportunities exist for the psychology major who is flexible and diligent. The authors present at least 27 specific job titles and 22 different areas of potential employment. Job possibilities range from social service work to retail sales management. Suggestions are given to enhance employability.
Short Forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale
Authors: Ballard Rebecca
Published: August 2011

Three short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale were constructed from the results of principal components analysis ( N = 399). Those subscales were compared with short forms developed by previous researchers who used the same methodology. Examination of the subscales indicated that 13 of the scale's 33 items were isolated by at least two of the three reported studies. Those items were used to construct a composite subscale, which appeared to offer a useful alternative to the full scale. Further analysis of the subscale's contents, however, raised questions about the dimensionality of the Marlowe-Crowne scale. Caution was urged in the use and interpretation of both the full inventory and the short form until the meaning of scale scores can be clarified.
A Study of Hypnosis in Improving Academic Achievement of College Students
Authors: Schreiber Elliott H.
Published: August 2011

Examination of whether hypnosis would improve academic achievement scores on examinations over 15 weeks for 30 students of general psychology and a control group of 31 psychology students indicated the groups were not significantly different at midterm, but t was larger for the final test, encouraging longer term study.
Mental Disorder and the Perception of Family Characteristics: An Assessment of the Relationships in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Koopmans Matthijs
Published: August 2011

To assess whether the presence or absence of symptoms of mental disorder in childhood and adolescence is associated with perception of the family of origin in early adulthood, 168 undergraduates completed a questionnaire containing a checklist of symptoms of mental disorder and two family assessment instruments. Respondents who had never experienced symptoms of mental disorder rated their families of origin as more cohesive and reported less confusion of kinship relations. No significant differences were found between the two groups on the perceived adaptability of the family.
Psychometric Properties of the Social Interaction Self-Statement Test in a College Sample
Authors: Osman Augustine , Markway Kathleen , Osman Joylene R.
Published: August 2011

The psychometric properties of the Social Interaction Self-statement Test were investigated with a sample of 321 college students. Factor analysis of the 30 items gave two factors, similar to the positive and negative self-statement subscales. The internal consistency coefficients of the factor scales were high and adequate. Correlations between the subscales and independent measures of social anxiety and psychological distress from the Symptom Checklist-90—Revised were examined. Data provided opportunity for evaluating the construct validity and psychometric adequacy of the test.
Ontological Insecurity and Fears of Death
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Doubts about one's existence (Lester-Thinschmidt scale) were unrelated to fears of death and dying (Collett-Lester scale) in a sample of 48 college students.
What is Stressful about In Vitro Fertilization?
Authors: Baluch Bahman , Craft Ian , Al-Shawaf Talha
Published: August 2011

The present work was designed to explore whether psychological stress is more related to concerns about the actual physical pain or fear of treatment during in vitro fertilization. Analysis of data for 12 middle-class women from Iran showed that the greatest psychological stress during treatment was associated with worries about the outcome of different stages of treatment rather than fear and pain of the actual procedure.
The Marriage and Family Therapist: Graduate Preparation of a Mental Health Professional
Authors: Touliatos John , Lindholm Byron W.
Published: August 2011

To better acquaint mental health professionals with the educational background of marriage and family therapists, this study examined degree-objective programs offered by 55 academic units in US colleges and universities. Through mailed questionnaires supplemented by telephone follow-ups, information was obtained regarding location of units, enrollment, faculty, admission requirements, program requirements, and therapy models taught. In addition to describing available programs, units with and without accreditation by the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy's Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education were compared.
The Murder of Babies in American States: Association with Suicide Rates
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Unlike for nations of the world, the homicide rate for babies in the American continental states was not associated with the states' suicide rates.
Psychological Androgyny and the NEO Personality Inventory
Authors: Ramanaiah Nerella V. , Detwiler Fred R. J.
Published: August 2011

The hypothesis that the personality profile of androgynous individuals is different from those of the other sex-role groups was tested by giving the Personal Attributes Questionnaire and the NEO Personality Inventory to 113 male and 135 female undergraduates. Results strongly supported the hypothesis.
Effect of Reading a Summary of Research about Biological Bases of Homosexual Orientation on Attitudes toward Homosexuals
Authors: Piskur Julie , Degelman Douglas
Published: August 2011

The effect of exposure to information regarding the development of homosexual orientation on attitudes toward homosexuals was investigated. Testing was conducted in five regularly scheduled undergraduate classes. 105 volunteer subjects from college classes were exposed to one of three treatment conditions. Subjects in the experimental group read a summary article of current research emphasizing a biological component of homosexual orientation. Subjects in one control group read a summary article of research focusing on the absence of hormonal differences between homosexual and heterosexual men. Subjects in another control group were not exposed to either article. All subjects completed the Index of Attitudes Toward Homosexuals. As predicted, subjects in the experimental group had significantly lower scores than subjects in the control groups. There was a significant interaction between treatment condition and sex of subject. Scores on the index were significantly lower for women, but only in the experimental group. These results show that exposure to a research summary can significantly affect immediately assessed scores on the Index of Attitudes Toward Homosexuals. Also, the pattern of effects of these experiences was different for women and men.
Black Offenders from the Prison System in Georgia
Authors: Rowe Alan
Published: August 2011

This secondary analysis based on a previous study by the author of 14,834 men and women in the state prison system in Georgia shows that cultural differences for youth exhibited in frequency of rule conformity by white and nonwhite inmates did not appear among the middle-aged inmates.