bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and inhibition of radial electromagnetic force in composite magnetic coupler
Authors: Wang Shuang , Ma Xin , Guo Yongcun , LI Deyong , Sun Shousuo , Hu Zeyong
Published: March 2023

A new inhibition method was proposed for the problem of harmonic of radial electromagnetic force during the operation of the composite magnetic coupler. In order to suppress its radial electromagnetic force, a radial permanent magnet rotor eccentricity method is proposed, and a three‐dimensional finite element model is established. Based on the Maxwell tensor method, the radial electromagnetic force of the composite magnetic coupler is analysed, and the mathematical expression of its radial electromagnetic force is established, Maxwell stress tensor was used to analyse the radial electromagnetic force in a composite magnetic coupler and to establish the mathematical equation for the radial electromagnetic force. In order to suppress the radial electromagnetic force, a method based on rotor eccentricity in a radial permanent magnet was proposed. A prototype of a composite magnetic coupler with a rated power of 5 kW was designed to test its output torque under load. The results showed that the simulated curve was consistent with the tested curve, with a maximum numerical error of 8.9%. The tested values of the output torque before and after eccentricity were compared, and the results showed that the output torque remained basically unchanged after the eccentric structure was adopted and that the torque pulsation was significantly reduced.
Joint power control and user grouping mechanism for efficient uplink non‐orthogonal multiple access‐based 5G communication: Utilising the Lèvy‐flight firefly algorithm
Authors: Albataineh Zaid , Hayajneh Khaled F. , Bany Salameh Haythem , Al Athamneh Raed , Jararweh Yaser
Published: March 2023

The non‐orthogonal multiple access strategies have shown promise to boost fifth generation and sixth generation wireless networks' spectral efficiency and enable large‐scale network access. Generally, user‐grouping, power‐management, and decoding‐order are essential components in ensuring optimal system performance. Hence, the user‐grouping and power‐management problem was investigated to maximise the spectral‐efficiency in non‐orthogonal multiple access uplink systems while reducing the computational complexity. This joint optimisation problem was previously studied in which several sub‐optimal polynomial‐time solutions were presented at the expense of a huge system and computational complexity. Therefore, a metaheuristic optimisation method, inspired by nature, called the Lévy‐flight firefly algorithm was utilised to tackle the power control and user grouping in non‐orthogonal multiple access systems such that the system performance is enhanced with reduced computational complexity. Also, the popular firefly algorithm is used to solve the same problem. The effectiveness of the presented method in achieving optimal solutions is measured through numerical evaluation. The simulation results demonstrate that the presented technique based on Lévy‐flight firefly algorithm for this Joint problem in the uplink non‐orthogonal multiple access system performs better in terms of spectral efficiency than the standard orthogonal multiple access. Furthermore, the presented technique outperforms the firefly algorithm‐based method while reducing system complexity in uplink non‐orthogonal multiple access systems with the same restriction.
Study on characteristics gases of metal protrusions partial discharge in 10‐kV air‐insulated switchgear
Authors: Tan Qipeng , Song Bin , Wang Linong , Wu Shaocheng
Published: March 2023

Air‐insulated switchgear plays an important role in distribution network and partial discharge (PD) is one of the common faults in its operation. The method of gas component analysis, which is to detect chemical gas products, is a novel one to discover PD. In order to study the feasibility of the method, the monitoring experiment of characteristic gases, comprising carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), of metal protrusion PD is carried out. This paper conducts the comparative experiments on three main factors affecting PD: voltage, air humidity and degree of protrusion, as well as studies how they affect the formation of characteristic gases. According to the experimental result, higher applied voltage promotes the formation of characteristic gases in the same conditions. In addition, with the increase of humidity from 40% to 75%, the generation of gases is inhibited. Furthermore, when the needle–plate distance is 30 mm, the gas concentration has almost no change within 6 h, which is different from that of 10 mm. In conclusion, the difference in gases concentration reveals the influence of three main factors on the generation of characteristic gases and provides an analytical basis for PD detection by gas composition analysis.
Astronomical image time series classification using CONVolutional attENTION (ConvEntion)
Authors: Bairouk Anass , Chaumont Marc , Fouchez Dominique , Paquet Jerome , Comby Frédéric , Bautista Julian
Published: March 2023

Aims. The treatment of astronomical image time series has won increasing attention in recent years. Indeed, numerous surveys following up on transient objects are in progress or under construction, such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey for Space and Time (LSST), which is poised to produce huge amounts of these time series. The associated scientific topics are extensive, ranging from the study of objects in our galaxy to the observation of the most distant supernovae for measuring the expansion of the universe. With such a large amount of data available, the need for robust automatic tools to detect and classify celestial objects is growing steadily.

Methods. This study is based on the assumption that astronomical images contain more information than light curves. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on deep learning for classifying different types of space objects directly using images. We named our approach ConvEntion, which stands for CONVolutional attENTION. It is based on convolutions and transformers, which are new approaches for the treatment of astronomical image time series. Our solution integrates spatio-temporal features and can be applied to various types of image datasets with any number of bands.

Results. In this work, we solved various problems the datasets tend to suffer from and we present new results for classifications using astronomical image time series with an increase in accuracy of 13%, compared to state-of-the-art approaches that use image time series, and a 12% increase, compared to approaches that use light curves.
LOFAR Deep Fields: Probing faint Galactic polarised emission in ELAIS-N1
Authors: Šnidarić Iva , Jelić Vibor , Mevius Maaijke , Brentjens Michiel , Erceg Ana , Shimwell Timothy W. , Piras Sara , Horellou Cathy , Sabater Jose , Best Philip N. , Bracco Andrea , Ceraj Lana , Haverkorn Marijke , O’Sullivan Shane P. , Turić Luka , Vacca Valentina
Published: March 2023

We present the first deep polarimetric study of Galactic synchrotron emission at low radio frequencies. Our study is based on 21 observations of the European Large Area Infrared Space Observatory Survey-North 1 (ELAIS-N1) field using the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) at frequencies from 114.9 to 177.4 MHz. These data are a part of the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Deep Fields Data Release 1. We used very low-resolution (4.3′) Stokes QU data cubes of this release. We applied rotation measure (RM) synthesis to decompose the distribution of polarised structures in Faraday depth, and cross-correlation RM synthesis to align different observations in Faraday depth. We stacked images of about 150 h of the ELAIS-N1 observations to produce the deepest Faraday cube at low radio frequencies to date, tailored to studies of Galactic synchrotron emission and the intervening magneto-ionic interstellar medium. This Faraday cube covers ~36 deg2 of the sky and has a noise of 27 µJy PSF−1 RMSF−1 in polarised intensity. This is an improvement in noise by a factor of approximately the square root of the number of stacked data cubes (~√20), as expected, compared to the one in a single data cube based on five-to-eight-hour observations. We detect a faint component of diffuse polarised emission in the stacked cube, which was not detected previously. Additionally, we verify the reliability of the ionospheric Faraday rotation corrections estimated from the satellite-based total electron content measurements to be of ~0.05 гad m−2. We also demonstrate that diffuse polarised emission itself can be used to account for the relative ionospheric Faraday rotation corrections with respect to a reference observation.
Disc population synthesis: Decrease in the solid mass reservoir through pebble drift
Authors: Appelgren J. , Lambrechts M. , van der Marel N.
Published: March 2023

Surveys of star-forming regions reveal that the dust mass of protoplanetary discs decreases by several orders of magnitude on timescales of a few million years. This decrease in the mass budget of solids is likely due to the radial drift of millimetre (mm) sized solids, called pebbles, induced by gas drag. However, quantifying the evolution of this dust component in young stellar clusters is difficult due to the inherent large spread in stellar masses and formation times. Therefore, we aim to model the collective evolution of a cluster to investigate the effectiveness of radial drift in clearing the discs of mm-sized particles. We use a protoplanetary disc model that provides a numerical solution for the disc formation, as well as the viscous evolution and photoevaporative clearing of the gas component, while also including the drift of particles limited in size by fragmentation. We find that discs are born with dust masses between 50 M⊕ and 1000 M⊕, for stars with masses, respectively, between 0.1 M⊙ and 1 M⊙. The majority of this initial dust reservoir is typically lost through drift before photoevaporation opens a gap in the gas disc for models both with and without strong X-ray-driven mass-loss rates. We conclude that the decrease in time of the mass locked in fragmentation-limited pebbles is consistent with the evolution of dust masses and ages inferred from nearby star-forming regions, when assuming viscous evolution rates corresponding to mean gas disc lifetimes between 3 Myr and 8 Myr.
The miniJPAS survey quasar selection
Authors: Martínez-Solaeche G. , Queiroz C. , González Delgado R. M. , Rodrigues N. V. N. , García-Benito R. , Pérez-Ràfols I. , Raul Abramo L. , Díaz-García L. , Pieri M. M. , Chaves-Montero J. , Hernán-Caballero A. , Rodríguez-Martín J. E. , Bonoli S. , Morrison S. S. , Márquez I. , Vílchez J. M. , Fernández-Ontiveros J. A. , Marra V. , Alcaniz J. , Benitez N. , Cenarro A. J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Dupke R. A. , Ederoclite A. , López-Sanjuan C. , Marín-Franch A. , Mendes de Oliveira C. , Moles M. , Sodré L. , Taylor K. , Varela J. , Vázquez Ramió H.
Published: March 2023

This paper is part of large effort within the J-PAS collaboration that aims to classify point-like sources in miniJPAS, which were observed in 60 optical bands over ~1 deg2 in the AEGIS field. We developed two algorithms based on artificial neural networks (ANN) to classify objects into four categories: stars, galaxies, quasars at low redshift (z < 2.1), and quasars at high redshift (z ≥ 2.1). As inputs, we used miniJPAS fluxes for one of the classifiers (ANN1) and colours for the other (ANN2). The ANNs were trained and tested using mock data in the first place. We studied the effect of augmenting the training set by creating hybrid objects, which combines fluxes from stars, galaxies, and quasars. Nevertheless, the augmentation processing did not improve the score of the ANN. We also evaluated the performance of the classifiers in a small subset of the SDSS DR12Q superset observed by miniJPAS. In the mock test set, the f1-score for quasars at high redshift with the ANN1 (ANN2) are 0.99 (0.99), 0.93 (0.92), and 0.63 (0.57) for 17 < r ≤ 20, 20 < r ≤ 22.5, and 22.5 < r ≤ 23.6, respectively, where r is the J-PAS rSDSS band. In the case of low-redshift quasars, galaxies, and stars, we reached 0.97 (0.97), 0.82 (0.79), and 0.61 (0.58); 0.94 (0.94), 0.90 (0.89), and 0.81 (0.80); and 1.0 (1.0), 0.96 (0.94), and 0.70 (0.52) in the same r bins. In the SDSS DR12Q superset miniJPAS sample, the weighted f1-score reaches 0.87 (0.88) for objects that are mostly within 20 < r ≤ 22.5. We find that the most common confusion occurs between quasars at low redshift and galaxies in mocks and miniJPAS data. We discuss the origin of this confusion, and we show examples in which these objects present features that are shared by both classes. Finally, we estimate the number of point-like sources that are quasars, galaxies, and stars in miniJPAS.
What asset structure generates the highest possible profit for a manufacturing enterprise?
Authors: Krulický Tomáš , Nováková Lucie
Published: March 2023

The objective of the paper is to determine the most suitable operational redundant assets and asset structure for a manufacturing enterprise. They are determined by the financial analysis of ratios, vertical and horizontal analysis, and the calculation of Altman Z-score. The recommended sizes of activity ratios are: the turnover of total assets should be equal to the value of 1, the time of inventory turnover should be as short as possible, the turnover of inventories should be as large as possible, the time of debt collection should be the shortest possible, the due date of fulfilling obligations should be equal to 2 or higher. The ratios are compared with the sector and the position of enterprise is assessed. The limit of the research is the incapability to determine the best asset structure, but only the best possible one, on the basis of comparing with the sector that sets the bar in a specific field. Every enterprise aspiring to be competitive should meet the sector standards, at least.
Immune-mediated Gastritis in a Patient with metastatic Lung Cancer due to Therapy with the immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Pembrolizumab – Differences and Similarities in Comparison to “endogenous” autoimmune Type A Gastritis and a review of literature
Authors: Ecker Miriam Eva , Weckauf Helgard , Tebbe Sandra , Schuppert Frank
Published: March 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly used in advanced malignant diseases and are
well-known for their good results. With the blockade of immune checkpoints, the probability of
immune-related adverse events is also increased.

We present a 54-year-old female patient with advanced NSCLC. She was treated with
pembrolizumab and developed a stable disease under therapy. After six cycles, she presented
with massive epigastric pain to our emergency department. Gastroscopy showed severe
erosive-fibrinous pangastritis without the involvement of the esophagus, duodenum, or other
immune-related adverse effects. Histology showed the complete destruction of the gastric
mucosa. We concluded an immune-mediated gastritis by pembrolizumab, after the exclusion of
other differential diagnoses.

Despite treatment with prednisolone and marked improvement of her symptoms, the mucosa was
never fully reconstituted into a healthy mucosa.

Furthermore, we collected published reports of similar cases and conducted a comparison
with features of a typical, endogenous type A gastritis to highlight similarities and
differences.
A case of tracheobronchial amyloidosis with emphasis on differential diagnosis
Authors: Anyfanti Foteini , Dubak Marija , Bollow Matthias , Ewig Santiago
Published: March 2023

Tracheobronchial amyloidosis is a manifestation of amyloidosis of the respiratory tract characterized by focal or diffuse deposition of amyloid in the submucosa of the trachea and proximal bronchi. Tracheobronchial amyloidosis is not associated with systemic amyloidosis or pulmonary parenchymal involvement. It affects predominantly men aged over fifty. Depending on the part of the tracheobronchial tree that is affected, stenosis of the airways causes a variety of unspecific symptoms. Diagnosis is reached by means of typical presentation in CT scan followed by bronchoscopy and histopathological confirmation. Tracheobronchial amyloidosis should be borne in mind in the differential diagnosis of patients with chronic cough and/or dyspnea or recurrent respiratory infections.
Aluminum nanoparticles show promise as less toxic alternative to gold
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: March 2023

Gold nanoparticles accumulate in biological tissue and cause harmful effects, making aluminum a potentially safer alternative for biomedical applications.
Ultrafast time-resolved 2D imaging of laser-driven fast electron transport in solid density matter using an x-ray free electron laser
Authors: Sawada H. , Yabuuchi T. , Higashi N. , Iwasaki T. , Kawasaki K. , Maeda Y. , Izumi T. , Nakagawa Y. , Shigemori K. , Sakawa Y. , Curry C. B. , Frost M. , Iwata N. , Ogitsu T. , Sueda K. , Togashi T. , Glenzer S. H. , Kemp A. J. , Ping Y. , Sentoku Y.
Published: March 2023

High-power, short-pulse laser-driven fast electrons can rapidly heat and ionize a high-density target before it hydrodynamically expands. The transport of such electrons within a solid target has been studied using two-dimensional (2D) imaging of electron-induced Kα radiation. However, it is currently limited to no or picosecond scale temporal resolutions. Here, we demonstrate femtosecond time-resolved 2D imaging of fast electron transport in a solid copper foil using the SACLA x-ray free electron laser (XFEL). An unfocused collimated x-ray beam produced transmission images with sub-micron and ∼10 fs resolutions. The XFEL beam, tuned to its photon energy slightly above the Cu K-edge, enabled 2D imaging of transmission changes induced by electron isochoric heating. Time-resolved measurements obtained by varying the time delay between the x-ray probe and the optical laser show that the signature of the electron-heated region expands at ∼25% of the speed of light in a picosecond duration. Time-integrated Cu Kα images support the electron energy and propagation distance observed with the transmission imaging. The x-ray near-edge transmission imaging with a tunable XFEL beam could be broadly applicable for imaging isochorically heated targets by laser-driven relativistic electrons, energetic protons, or an intense x-ray beam.
Electronic and strain-elimination effects of solute–vacancy interaction in molybdenum
Authors: Luo Jing , Liu Ziran , Li Dongyang
Published: March 2023

The interaction between a solute and vacancy is crucial for the diffusion and precipitation of alloy elements and ultimately affects the creep resistance and safety of refractory molybdenum (Mo) alloys. In this work, the first-principles calculations of the interaction between solutes (5 light impurity atoms and 23 transition metal elements) and vacancies show that Mo is sensitive to all the light impurity elements, which indicates that these solutes are easy to combine with an Mo alloy and have relatively strong interaction. In most cases, the interaction between the 23 transition metal solutes and vacancy is attractive, but the interaction between solutes V, Ti, and the first-nearest vacancy is repulsive, and the interaction between the early elements in the 3d, 4d, and 5d series and the second-nearest vacancy is also repulsive. Then, we discuss the main factors that affect the solute–vacancy interaction, that is, the effects of electron and strain-elimination. Finally, a solute–vacancy interaction database based on the above effects is established, which would contribute to the research on heat- and radiation-resistant Mo alloys.
Aerodynamic optimization of airfoil based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Lou Jinhua , Chen Rongqian , Liu Jiaqi , Bao Yue , You Yancheng , Chen Zhengwu
Published: March 2023

The traditional optimization of airfoils relies on, and is limited by, the knowledge and experience of the designer. As a method of intelligent decision-making, reinforcement learning can be used for such optimization through self-directed learning. In this paper, we use the lift–drag ratio as the objective of optimization to propose a method for the aerodynamic optimization of airfoils based on a combination of deep learning and reinforcement learning. A deep neural network (DNN) is first constructed as a surrogate model to quickly predict the lift–drag ratio of the airfoil, and a double deep Q-network (double DQN) algorithm is then designed based on deep reinforcement learning to train the optimization policy. During the training phase, the agent uses geometric parameters of the airfoil to represent its state, adopts a stochastic policy to generate optimization experience, and uses a deterministic policy to modify the geometry of the airfoil. The DNN calculates changes in the lift–drag ratio of the airfoil as a reward, and the environment constantly feeds the states, actions, and rewards back to the agent, which dynamically updates the policy to retain positive optimization experience. The results of simulations show that the double DQN can learn the general policy for optimizing the airfoil to improve its lift–drag ratio to 71.46%. The optimization policy can be generalized to a variety of computational conditions. Therefore, the proposed method can rapidly predict the aerodynamic parameters of the airfoil and autonomously learn the optimization policy to render the entire process intelligent.
A study of core-excited states of organic molecules computed with the generalized active space driven similarity renormalization group
Authors: Huang Meng , Evangelista Francesco A.
Published: March 2023

This work examines the accuracy and precision of x-ray absorption spectra computed with a multireference approach that combines generalized active space (GAS) references with the driven similarity renormalization group (DSRG). We employ the x-ray absorption benchmark of organic molecule (XABOOM) set, consisting of 116 transitions from mostly organic molecules [Fransson et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 17, 1618 (2021)]. Several approximations to a full-valence active space are examined and benchmarked. Absolute excitation energies and intensities computed with the GAS-DSRG truncated to second-order in perturbation theory are found to systematically underestimate experimental and reference theoretical values. Third-order perturbative corrections significantly improve the accuracy of GAS-DSRG absolute excitation energies, bringing the mean absolute deviation from experimental values down to 0.32 eV. The ozone molecule and glyoxylic acid are particularly challenging for second-order perturbation theory and are examined in detail to assess the importance of active space truncation and intruder states.
A wireless demodulation system based on a multi-parameter resonant sensor
Authors: Wang Hao , Liang Xiaorui , Zhang Juan , Zhang Lei , Xie Hao , Zhao Zhongliang , Tan Qiulin
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes a wireless passive measurement system that supports real-time signal acquisition, multi-parameter crosstalk demodulation, and real-time storage and calculation. The system consists of a multi-parameter integrated sensor, an RF signal acquisition and demodulation circuit, and a multi-functional host computer software. The sensor signal acquisition circuit uses a wide frequency detection range (25 MHz–2.7 GHz) to meet the resonant frequency range of most sensors. Since the multi-parameter integrated sensors are affected by multiple factors, such as temperature and pressure, there will be interference between them, so the algorithm for multi-parameter decoupling is designed, and the software for sensor calibration and real-time demodulation is developed to improve the usability and flexibility of the measurement system. In the experiment, temperature and pressure dual-reference integrated surface acoustic wave sensors in the condition of 25–550 °C and 0–700 kPa are used for testing and verification. After experimental testing, the swept source of the signal acquisition circuit can meet the output accuracy in a wide frequency range, and the detection result of the sensor dynamic response is consistent with that of the network analyzer, with a maximum test error of 0.96%. Furthermore, the maximum temperature measurement error is 1.51%, and the maximum pressure measurement error is 5.136%. These results indicate that the proposed system has good detection accuracy and demodulation performance, and it can be used for multi-parameter wireless real-time detection and demodulation.
Electrochemical hydrogen evolution on Pt-based catalysts from a theoretical perspective
Authors: Zhang Ke-Xiang , Liu Zhi-Pan
Published: March 2023

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by splitting water is a key technology toward a clean energy society, where Pt-based catalysts were long known to have the highest activity under acidic electrochemical conditions but suffer from high cost and poor stability. Here, we overview the current status of Pt-catalyzed HER from a theoretical perspective, focusing on the methodology development of electrochemistry simulation, catalytic mechanism, and catalyst stability. Recent developments in theoretical methods for studying electrochemistry are introduced, elaborating on how they describe solid–liquid interface reactions under electrochemical potentials. The HER mechanism, the reaction kinetics, and the reaction sites on Pt are then summarized, which provides an atomic-level picture of Pt catalyst surface dynamics under reaction conditions. Finally, state-of-the-art experimental solutions to improve catalyst stability are also introduced, which illustrates the significance of fundamental understandings in the new catalyst design.
Development of an equation of state to characterize an electron beam interacting with an aluminum target
Authors: Hébert D. , Gardelle J. , Poette G. , Robert G. , Dubois V. , Legrand P.
Published: March 2023

The Equations Of State (EOS) of materials under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure can be experimentally studied, thanks to intense electron beam-target experiments. The latter are powerful tools to probe materials in the warm dense matter regime. At CEA/CESTA, we use the CESAR pulsed generator (1 MV, 300 kA). During an experimental shot, a high-power 800 keV, 100 kA, 20 mm-diameter, 100 ns electron pulse produces shock waves in an aluminum target. The behavior of the latter is explored by analyzing the time-history of its rear face velocity, as measured by photon Doppler velocimetry. Using simulations, we can test the accuracy of an EOS over a wide range of densities and temperatures. In addition, an accurate EOS allows for reduction of the uncertainties of the beam parameters that have an impact on beam energy deposition. We have observed that the measurements are not correctly restituted by the simulation codes when they use the available EOS (BLF, SESAME). Thanks to both published data and ab initio calculations, which are valid in the considered thermodynamic regime, we have developed a new EOS describing precisely the thermodynamic (isochoric) regime from one-half to one-third the normal density. The corresponding hydrodynamic simulations appear to be in much better agreement with the measurements. In addition, this new EOS has allowed us to refine the knowledge of the input electron beam parameters that have an impact on beam energy deposition.
Comparative study of thermal annealing effect on undoped and Mn-doped (K,Na)NbO3 nanofibers
Authors: Cho Hyunjung , Shim In-bo , Kouh Taejoon
Published: March 2023

The (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN)-based ceramics have been deemed one of the most promising lead-free piezoelectric materials replacing lead-containing ones. In our study, we have prepared both undoped and Mn-doped KNN nanofibers via the electrospinning method and investigated how the thermal annealing process affects their structural, crystallographic, and piezoelectric properties. X-ray diffraction measurements suggest that the crystallization occurs around 450°C in these fibers, and with increasing annealing temperature, both undoped and Mn-doped nanofibers become granular with small grains forming along the fiber, accompanying the crystallization. Both exhibit increasing piezoelectric properties with annealing temperature based on the piezoresponse force microscopy measurements with Mn-doping, leading to a higher piezoelectric response.
Broadband terahertz linear cross-polarization conversion in transmission mode using planar coupled metamaterials
Authors: Mohan Rao S. Jagan , Sarkar Rakesh , Punjal Ajinkya , Ghindani Dipa , Roy Chowdhury Dibakar , Prabhu S. S. , Kumar Gagan
Published: March 2023

We demonstrate a metamaterial (MM) design capable of showing linear broadband polarization conversion over the terahertz (THz) frequency range. The building block of the proposed MM structure is composed of a strip and four split ring resonators (SRRs), which are coupled through their near fields. To examine co- and cross-polarization transmission amplitudes, we gradually increase the distance between the strip and SRRs. When the SRRs are near (S = 2 μm) the strip, maximum cross-polarization conversion is attained with a resonance mode hybridization effect in the co-polarization transmission due to strong near-field coupling between the strip and SRRs. When the SRRs moved away from the strip (S = 22 μm), minimum cross-polarization conversion is attained due to weak coupling between the strip and SRRs. This MM system exhibits a transition from a strongly coupled state to a weakly coupled state with the rise in displacement between the strip and SRRs. The ability to tune the linear polarization conversion can be useful in the improvement of efficient THz polarization rotation devices. The proposed MM structure can be used in other frequency domains, like the microwave and visible range, by scaling up/down the structure.
Numerical simulation on transport behavior of gradated coarse particles in deep-sea vertical pipe transportation
Authors: Kakanda Kabutakapua
Published: March 2023

Flow pattern and hydrodynamic characteristics of coarse particles in deep-sea hydraulic lifting pipes are simulated using a numerical approach developed by combining the computational fluid dynamics method with a discrete element method in the Euler–Lagrange framework. This paper examines the effects of feed concentration, two-phase flow initial mixture velocity, and particle gradation on the dynamic characteristics of particles and flow pattern in the pipe by validating the rationality of numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that particles are distributed from the pipe center to the pipe wall, while the lift force causes more particles to be distributed in the pipe center. Moreover, greater inertia makes large particles more concentrated in the center. Particle-induced turbulence modifies the lift force and causes particles to move from the pipe center to its wall. Due to the increasing trend of lift force, particles gather toward the center of the pipe at an increasing pace as the initial velocity increases. The greater the feed concentration, the more particles disperse toward the pipe wall due to the violent momentum exchange caused by the high concentration and the significantly altered lift force caused by the high turbulent kinetic energy resulting from a high concentration. From the particle gradation 1:1:1 to 1:6:1, the pressure drop decreases gradually as the reduction in small particles decreases the number of particles near the wall, and the frictional energy loss between the particles and the pipe wall decreases.
Oviductal sperm storage in the Chinese pond turtle, Mauremys reevesii, depends on androgen-based promotion of the BCL 2 anti-apoptotic pathway
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Yajie , Gong Mengmeng , Gao Hailin , Zhou Huaxing , Bu Xingjiang , Xia Xingquan , Nie Liuwang
Published: March 2023

Context Sperm storage is a complex and highly coordinated process that is regulated by a variety of factors. The BCL 2 protein family plays a key role in regulating apoptosis, and determines sperm survival. Aims The objective of this study was to explore the correlation between sperm storage and the BCL 2 protein family in the oviduct of Mauremys reevesii. Methods Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) techniques were used to investigate three parts of the reproductive tract (isthmus, uterus and vagina) of mated and unmated female M. reevesii. Key results Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed many sperm stored in the oviduct. IHC showed positive immunostaining for the BCL 2 and BAX proteins in epithelial ciliated and glandular cells. RT-qPCR indicated that the mRNA expressions of anti-apoptotic genes (BCL 2, MCL 1, BCL-W, BCL-XL) and the androgen receptor (AR) were significantly higher in mated turtles than unmated turtles. However, the expression of pro-apoptotic genes (BAX, BAD, BID and CASPASE 3) showed the opposite relationship. Conclusions These results suggest that sperm entering the oviduct can promote the synthesis of anti-apoptotic genes to protect themselves from various degradation factors. Implications These findings will help researchers understand the mechanisms of sperm storage.
circNEIL3 inhibits tumor metastasis through recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4L to degrade YBX1
Authors: Chen Shuang , Li Ke , Guo Jiawei , Chen Hai-Ning , Ming Yue , Jin Yang , Xu Fuyan , Zhang Tingting , Yang Yang , Ye Zixia , Liu Wenrong , Ma Hulin , Cheng Jian , Zhou Jian-Kang , Li Zhang , Shen Shu , Dai Lunzhi , Zhou Zong-Guang , Xu Heng , Peng Yong
Published: March 2023

Distant metastasis is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality. However, the role of circRNAs in this process remains unclear. Herein, we profiled the circRNA expression in a cohort of 68 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) primary tumors and their paired liver metastatic lesions. By overlapping with the TGFβ-responsive circRNAs, circNEIL3 (hsa_circ_0001460) was identified as a TGFβ-repressive and metastasis-related circRNA. Functionally, circNEIL3 effectively inhibited tumor metastasis in both and in vivo and in vivo models of various cancer types. Mechanistically, circNEIL3 exerts its metastasis-repressive function through its direct interaction with oncogenic protein, Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1), which consequently promotes the Nedd4L-mediated proteasomal degradation of YBX1. Importantly, circNEIL3 expression was negatively correlated to YBX1 protein level and metastatic tendency in CRC patient samples. Collectively, our findings indicate the YBX1-dependent antimetastatic function of circNEIL3 and highlight the potential of circNEIL3 as a biomarker and therapeutic option in cancer treatment.
Overharvesting in human patch foraging reflects rational structure learning and adaptive planning
Authors: Harhen Nora C. , Bornstein Aaron M.
Published: March 2023

Patch foraging presents a sequential decision-making problem widely studied across organisms—stay with a current option or leave it in search of a better alternative? Behavioral ecology has identified an optimal strategy for these decisions, but, across species, foragers systematically deviate from it, staying too long with an option or “overharvesting” relative to this optimum. Despite the ubiquity of this behavior, the mechanism underlying it remains unclear and an object of extensive investigation. Here, we address this gap by approaching foraging as both a decision-making and learning problem. Specifically, we propose a model in which foragers 1) rationally infer the structure of their environment and 2) use their uncertainty over the inferred structure representation to adaptively discount future rewards. We find that overharvesting can emerge from this rational statistical inference and uncertainty adaptation process. In a patch-leaving task, we show that human participants adapt their foraging to the richness and dynamics of the environment in ways consistent with our model. These findings suggest that definitions of optimal foraging could be extended by considering how foragers reduce and adapt to uncertainty over representations of their environment.
Indoline CD4-mimetic compounds mediate potent and broad HIV-1 inhibition and sensitization to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Authors: Fritschi Christopher J. , Anang Saumya , Gong Zhen , Mohammadi Mohammadjavad , Richard Jonathan , Bourassa Catherine , Severino Kenny T. , Richter Hannah , Yang Derek , Chen Hung-Ching , Chiu Ta-Jung , Seaman Michael S. , Madani Navid , Abrams Cameron , Finzi Andrés , Hendrickson Wayne A. , Sodroski Joseph G. , Smith Amos B.
Published: March 2023

Binding to the host cell receptors, CD4 and CCR5/CXCR4, triggers large-scale conformational changes in the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer [(gp120/gp41)
3
] that promote virus entry into the cell. CD4-mimetic compounds (CD4mcs) comprise small organic molecules that bind in the highly conserved CD4-binding site of gp120 and prematurely induce inactivating Env conformational changes, including shedding of gp120 from the Env trimer. By inducing more “open,” antibody-susceptible Env conformations, CD4mcs also sensitize HIV-1 virions to neutralization by antibodies and infected cells to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Here, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel CD4mcs based on an indoline scaffold. Compared with our current lead indane scaffold CD4mc, BNM-III-170, several indoline CD4mcs exhibit increased potency and breadth against HIV-1 variants from different geographic clades. Viruses that were selected for resistance to the lead indane CD4mc, BNM-III-170, are susceptible to inhibition by the indoline CD4mcs. The indoline CD4mcs also potently sensitize HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC mediated by plasma from HIV-1-infected individuals. Crystal structures indicate that the indoline CD4mcs gain potency compared to the indane CD4mcs through more favorable π–π overlap from the indoline pose and by making favorable contacts with the vestibule of the CD4-binding pocket on gp120. The rational design of indoline CD4mcs thus holds promise for further improvements in antiviral activity, potentially contributing to efforts to treat and prevent HIV-1 infection.
RETRACTED: Neurexin-2 restricts synapse numbers and restrains the presynaptic release probability by an alternative splicing-dependent mechanism
Authors: Lin Pei-Yi , Chen Lulu Y. , Zhou Peng , Lee Sung-Jin , Trotter Justin H. , Südhof Thomas C.
Published: March 2023

α- and β-neurexins are extensively alternatively spliced, presynaptic cell-adhesion molecules that are thought to organize synapse assembly. However, recent data revealed that, in the hippocampus in vivo, the deletion of one neurexin isoform,
Nrxn2
, surprisingly increased excitatory synapse numbers and enhanced their presynaptic release probability, suggesting that
Nrxn2
restricts, instead of enabling, synapse assembly. To delineate the synaptic function and mechanism of action of
Nrxn2
, we examined cultured hippocampal neurons as a reduced system. In heterologous synapse formation assays, different alternatively spliced Nrxn2β isoforms robustly promoted synapse assembly similar to Nrxn1β and Nrxn3β, consistent with a general synaptogenic function of neurexins. Deletion of
Nrxn2
from cultured hippocampal neurons, however, caused a significant increase in synapse density and release probability, replicating the in vivo data that suggested a synapse-restricting function. Rescue experiments revealed that two of the four Nrxn2β splice variants (Nrxn2β-SS4+/SS5− and Nrxn2β-SS4+/SS5+) reversed the increase in synapse density in
Nrxn2
-deficient neurons, whereas only one of the four Nrxn2β splice variants (Nrxn2β-SS4+/SS5+) normalized the increase in release probability in
Nrxn2
-deficient neurons. Thus, a subset of
Nrxn2
splice variants restricts synapse numbers and restrains their release probability in cultured neurons.
Sensing its own permeant ion: KCNQ1 channel inhibition by external K+
Authors: Barro-Soria Rene
Published: March 2023

External potassium inhibits KCNQ1 channel through a mechanism involving increased occupancy of the filter S0 site by K+o.
Calibration of 10 nF capacitance standard from DC quantum Hall resistance using a digital impedance bridge
Authors: Tran Ngoc Thanh Mai , Kucera Jan , Kim Wan-Seop , Kim Dan Bee
Published: March 2023

This paper describes the calibration of a 10 nF capacitance standard traced to the DC quantum Hall resistance primary standard using a multi-purpose digital impedance bridge. The bridge can directly compare the unlike impedances in the fully digital (FD) mode, so the capacitance standard can be calibrated by a direct comparison against the AC resistance standard. The measurement ability of the bridge in the FD mode was evaluated in various angles, and the bridge voltage dependencies were improved by selecting appropriate impedances for the high current arms and also by using an additional injection circuit. Thereby, the measurement accuracy could reach up to 10−7 in relative terms. Based on the bridge evaluation, a 10 nF capacitance standard was calibrated against a 10 kΩ resistance standard, and the measurement value agreed with a reference value in the level of 10−7.
Computational study of 2D photonic crystal based biosensor for SARS-COV-2 detection
Authors: Miyan Hameed , Agrahari Rajan , Gowre Sanjay Kumar , Jain Pradip Kumar , Mahto Manpuran
Published: March 2023

A computational study to design a 2D-photonic crystal (PC) structure with a fluorescence-based biosensor has been demonstrated for the detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-COV-2) virus in the lungs. The proposed sensor can detect the different concentrations of the virus without any pretreatment of the sample. The virus detection is performed by measuring the mid-gap wavelength from the dispersion diagram and a redshift in the mid-gap wavelength has been observed as the concentration of virus increases in the lung tissue. The plane wave expansion method is used to determine the dispersion diagram of the proposed PC. The interaction of incident light with the proposed PC-based biosensor has been analyzed to evaluate the shift in the mid-gap wavelength. A maximum sensitivity of about 1459.3 nm/RIU is obtained for r/a = 0.45 with a mid-gap wavelength shift of 145.93 nm at

n

net

= 1.49 concentration of SARS-COV-2. Moreover, a very small detection time has been observed with the proposed device as compared to conventional methods. This study provides a simple process to detect the presence of a virus within a short period and could be helpful in the development of a direct and easy-to-use portable detection kit in the future.
First-principles screening of surface-charge-transfer molecular dopants for n-type diamond
Authors: Xing Bangyu , Sang Dandan , Wang Xueting , Li Hongdong , Zhang Lijun
Published: March 2023

Surface charge transfer doping (SCTD) is an alternative approach to achieving n-type doped diamonds since the n-type bulk doping of diamonds remains a challenge, but so far efficient diamond n-type SCTD has not been achieved. Here we provide a comprehensive study of the n-type SCTD of the diamond by using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory. Taking the principle that ionization potentials of the dopants must be higher than those of the diamond, we screened a series of molecules that may be suitable for diamond n-type SCTD doping. Methyl viologen and benzyl viologen provide the largest amount of transfer electron among the common n-type SCTD dopants for the oxygen and fluorine terminated (100) surface diamond, with the electron areal densities of

2.60
×

10

13

cm

−
2

and

9.20
×

10

12

cm

−
2

,

respectively. It is indicated that the transferred electron amount is positively correlated with the difference between the ionization potentials of the dopants and the electron affinity of the diamond, while the density of dopants also has a positive impact with a decreasing trend. The present work provides a useful understanding of the physical mechanism for the n-type SCTD of diamonds, and benefits the development of n-type SCTD diamond materials.
Deep learning enables MV-based real-time image guided radiation therapy for prostate cancer patients
Authors: Chrystall Danielle , Mylonas Adam , Hewson Emily , Martin Jarad , Keall Paul , Booth Jeremy , Nguyen Doan Trang
Published: March 2023

Objective. Using MV images for real-time image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is ideal as it does not require additional imaging equipment, adds no additional imaging dose and provides motion data in the treatment beam frame of reference. However, accurate tracking using MV images is challenging due to low contrast and modulated fields. Here, a novel real-time marker tracking system based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier was developed and evaluated on retrospectively acquired patient data for MV-based IGRT for prostate cancer patients. Approach. MV images, acquired from 29 volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) prostate cancer patients treated in a multi-institutional clinical trial, were used to train and evaluate a CNN-based marker tracking system. The CNN was trained using labelled MV images from 9 prostate cancer patients (35 fractions) with implanted markers. CNN performance was evaluated on an independent cohort of unseen MV images from 20 patients (78 fractions), using a Precision–Recall curve (PRC), area under the PRC plot (AUC) and sensitivity and specificity. The accuracy of the tracking system was evaluated on the same unseen dataset and quantified by calculating mean absolute (±1 SD) and [1st, 99th] percentiles of the geometric tracking error in treatment beam co-ordinates using manual identification as the ground truth. Main results. The CNN had an AUC of 0.99, sensitivity of 98.31% and specificity of 99.87%. The mean absolute geometric tracking error was 0.30 ± 0.27 and 0.35 ± 0.31 mm in the lateral and superior–inferior directions of the MV images, respectively. The [1st, 99th] percentiles of the error were [−1.03, 0.90] and [−1.12, 1.12] mm in the lateral and SI directions, respectively. Significance. The high classification performance on unseen MV images demonstrates the CNN can successfully identify implanted prostate markers. Furthermore, the sub-millimetre accuracy and precision of the marker tracking system demonstrates potential for adaptation to real-time applications.