bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypoxic glioblastoma-cell-derived extracellular vesicles impair cGAS-STING activity in macrophages
Authors: Tankov Stoyan , Petrovic Marija , Lecoultre Marc , Espinoza Felipe , El-Harane Nadia , Bes Viviane , Chliate Sylvie , Bedoya Darel Martinez , Jordan Olivier , Borchard Gerrit , Migliorini Denis , Dutoit Valérie , Walker Paul R.
Published: February 2024

Background

Solid tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM) exhibit hypoxic zones that are associated with poor prognosis and immunosuppression through multiple cell intrinsic mechanisms. However, release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to transmit molecular cargos between cells. If hypoxic cancer cells use EVs to suppress functions of macrophages under adequate oxygenation, this could be an important underlying mechanism contributing to the immunosuppressive and immunologically cold tumor microenvironment of tumors such as GBM.

Methods

EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation from GBM cell culture supernatant. EVs were thoroughly characterized by transmission and cryo-electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and EV marker expression by Western blot and fluorescent NTA. EV uptake by macrophage cells was observed using confocal microscopy. The transfer of miR-25/93 as an EV cargo to macrophages was confirmed by miRNA real-time qPCR. The impact of miR-25/93 on the polarization of recipient macrophages was shown by transcriptional analysis, cytokine secretion and functional assays using co-cultured T cells.

Results

We show that indirect effects of hypoxia can have immunosuppressive consequences through an EV and microRNA dependent mechanism active in both murine and human tumor and immune cells. Hypoxia enhanced EV release from GBM cells and upregulated expression of miR-25/93 both in cells and in EV cargos. Hypoxic GBM-derived EVs were taken up by macrophages and the miR-25/93 cargo was transferred, leading to impaired cGAS-STING pathway activation revealed by reduced type I IFN expression and secretion by macrophages. The EV-treated macrophages downregulated expression of M1 polarization-associated genes Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Il12b, and had reduced capacity to attract activated T cells and to reactivate them to release IFN-γ, key components of an efficacious anti-tumor immune response.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest a mechanism by which immunosuppressive consequences of hypoxia mediated via miRNA-25/93 can be exported from hypoxic GBM cells to normoxic macrophages via EVs, thereby contributing to more widespread T-cell mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment.
Proteomic analysis of decellularized mice liver and kidney extracellular matrices
Authors: Diedrich Anna-Maria , Daneshgar Assal , Tang Peter , Klein Oliver , Mohr Annika , Onwuegbuchulam Olachi A. , von Rueden Sabine , Menck Kerstin , Bleckmann Annalen , Juratli Mazen A. , Becker Felix , Sauer Igor M. , Hillebrandt Karl H. , Pascher Andreas , Struecker Benjamin
Published: February 2024

Background

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a three-dimensional network of proteins that encases and supports cells within a tissue and promotes physiological and pathological cellular differentiation and functionality. Understanding the complex composition of the ECM is essential to decrypt physiological processes as well as pathogenesis. In this context, the method of decellularization is a useful technique to eliminate cellular components from tissues while preserving the majority of the structural and functional integrity of the ECM.

Results

In this study, we employed a bottom-up proteomic approach to elucidate the intricate network of proteins in the decellularized extracellular matrices of murine liver and kidney tissues. This approach involved the use of a novel, perfusion-based decellularization protocol to generate acellular whole organ scaffolds. Proteomic analysis of decellularized mice liver and kidney ECM scaffolds revealed tissue-specific differences in matrisome composition, while we found a predominantly stable composition of the core matrisome, consisting of collagens, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans. Liver matrisome analysis revealed unique proteins such as collagen type VI alpha-6, fibrillin-2 or biglycan. In the kidney, specific ECM-regulators such as cathepsin z were detected.

Conclusion

The identification of distinct proteomic signatures provides insights into how different matrisome compositions might influence the biological properties of distinct tissues. This experimental workflow will help to further elucidate the proteomic landscape of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds of mice in order to decipher complex cell–matrix interactions and their contribution to a tissue-specific microenvironment.
Seroma control in axillary lymphadenectomy with Glubran 2® without drain. Multicenter, prospective, randomized, clinical trial. GALA-ND study (Glubran, Axillary Lymphadenectomy, Ambulatory, No Drain)
Authors: López Gordo Sandra , Ruiz-Edo Neus , Fernández-Planas Maria Teresa , Viscaya-Martín Sara , Serra-Serra Cristina ,   Breast Cancer Research Group, Buqueras Carmen , Recaj Mireia , Guerrero-López Raul , Blay-Aulina Lidia , Aparicio-Rodriguez Oscar , Cusiné Laura , Mira Xavier , Clos Montserrat , Alonso Immaculada , Cortés Prados Jairo , Espinoza Villalobos Sofía , Vallejo-Barnosell Elena , Espinoza-Villalobos A. S. , Jimenez Marta , Carrasquer-Puyal Aurora , Holub Priscila Giselle , Cases Baldo Maria José , Garcia de Castro R E. , Herrador Garcia Inmaculada , Esposito Emanuela , Garcia de Castro Rubio E. , Gonzalez Duaigues Marta Lourdes
Published: February 2024

Background

Seroma after breast cancer surgery is a frequent entity; therefore, different products have been described in literature with the aim to reduce it. The most studied ones have been the sealants products, being tested with aspirative drains. Symptomatic seroma represents the 19% after axillary lymphadenectomy without drains. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of a sealant in the seroma control after axillary lymphadenectomy without drains and identify the risk factors related to symptomatic seroma.

Methods

This is a prospective, multicenter, international, and randomized clinical trial. Patients undergoing conservative surgery and axillary lymphadenectomy for breast cancer will be randomized to control group (lymphadenectomy without sealant) or interventional group (lymphadenectomy with sealant Glubran 2®). In any of the study groups, drains are placed. Patients who received neoadjuvant treatment are included. Measurements of the study outcomes will take place at baseline; at 7, 14, and 30 days post-surgery; and at 6–12 months. The primary outcome is symptomatic seroma. Secondary outcomes are seroma volume, morbidity, quality of life, and lymphedema.

Discussion

Several studies compare the use of sealant products in axillary lymphadenectomy but generally with drains. We would like to demonstrate that patients who underwent axillary lymphadenectomy could benefit from an axillary sealant without drains and reduce axillary discomfort while maintaining a good quality of life. Assessing the relationship between axillary volume, symptoms, and related risk factors can be of great help in the control of seroma in patients who received breast cancer surgery.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05280353. Registration date 02 August 2022.
Ultrasound contrast agent assisted ultrasonography guidance percutaneous nephrostomy for non-hydronephrotic kidney
Authors: Jiao Weijie , Gong Xue , Sun Yuanyuan , Sang Lin , Ding Xiaoying , Yu Ming
Published: February 2024

Background

Given the limited success rate and considerable challenges associated with conventional ultrasonography (US) guidance for percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) in non-hydronephrotic kidneys, this study proposed a solution with ultrasound contrast agent to enhance the success rate and mitigate the difficulties.

Materials and Methods

From January 2017 to August 2023, a total of thirteen patients diagnosed with non-hydronephrotic kidney were included in the study. Following routine ultrasonography examination, no significant dilatation of the renal collecting system was observed. US-guided percutaneous nephrostomy PCN was performed with the assistance of ultrasound contrast agent (UCA). The patients were subsequently monitored to assess the improvement of symptoms and postoperative recovery.

Results

The success rate was found to be 100% for all patients (13/13) and kidneys (20/20). The average volume of UCA solution used was 19 ± 6.7 mL (range, 11–35 mL), while the mean duration of the operation was 18.92 ± 8.96 min (range, 7–36 min). A majority of the patients (12/13) underwent a single puncture procedure. Throughout the follow-up period, no serious complications were observed, and surgery resulted in significant alleviation of symptoms in all patients.

Conclusion

The use of UCA-assisted US guidance PCN has been shown to be effective in achieving urinary diversion and alleviating associated clinical symptoms in non-hydronephrotic kidneys. In comparison to traditional methods, this approach demonstrates a high success rate and safety profile, while also offering a simplified operative procedure. Consequently, it presents a novel method and concept for managing non-hydronephrotic kidneys afflicted by urine leakage.
Isolation and characterization of coliphages from different water sources and their biocontrol application combined with electron beam irradiation for elimination of E. coli in domestic wastewater
Authors: Fathy Reham , Eid Amal S. , Hammad Ali A. , El-Nour Salwa A. Abou
Published: February 2024

Background

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), are high-risk waterborne pathogens that pose a vital threat to the general public’s health. Therefore, this study aims to develop alternative and affordable treatment approaches. Coliphage treatment is an economically and environmentally sustainable method for eliminating pathogenic bacteria. A significant step toward improving germicidal effectiveness might be to combine coliphage with electron beam treatment.

Results

Twelve isolated E. coli were used as host bacteria. In addition, eleven coliphages were isolated and characterized to determine their suitable host range and lytic activities. Antibiotic resistance was tested to detect the most antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates. Results indicated that E. coli-2 and E. coli-10 were the most resistant bacterial isolates. Both somatic coliphage-3 (S3) and F-specific coliphage-3 (F3) were the most active lytic coliphages. Based on transmission electron microscope analysis, S3 was classified as a member of the Myoviridae family, while F3 belonged to the Leviviridae family. Genome types were detected; the S3 genome was a linear double-stranded DNA virus, while the F3 genome was a single-strand RNA virus. The adjustment of pH to 7 and temperature to 38 °C increased coliphage activity by 32.2% for S3 and 14% for F3. The optimum multiplicity of infection (MOI) for S3 was 1:1 and 2:1 for F3. From the one-step growth curve, both the latent periods of S3 and F3 were estimated to be 30 and 20 min, and the burst sizes showed 5.8 and 4.6 (PFU)/infected cells, respectively. The D10 values of the most two antimicrobial-resistant strains (E. coli-2 and E. coli-10) were calculated, showing nearly identical values (0.37 and 0.38 kGy), respectively. Both coliphages were used, either alone or in combination with electron beam irradiation (EBI), to eradicate the most multidrug-resistant E. coli in domestic wastewater. EBI reduced the counts of E. coli-2 and -10 by 59% and 65%, respectively. While the combination of coliphages and EBI completely eradicated these microbes.

Conclusions

Combination of each individual coliphage and EBI decreased the growth of E. coli in domestic wastewater to an undetectable level.

Graphical Abstract
Pembrolizumab-induced myocarditis with complete atrioventricular block and concomitant myositis in a metastatic bladder cancer patient: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Saad R. , Ghaddar A. , Zeenny R. M.
Published: February 2024

Background

The cardiovascular system is among the least systems affected by immune-related adverse events. We report a rare life-threatening case of pembrolizumab-induced myocarditis with complete atrioventricular block and concomitant myositis in a metastatic bladder cancer patient.

Case presentation

An 82-year-old Caucasian female with invasive urothelial carcinoma, started on first-line pembrolizumab, was admitted four days after receiving her second dose for severe asthenia, diffuse muscle aches, neck pain, and lethargy. In the emergency department, she had several episodes of bradycardia reaching 40 beats per minute associated with general discomfort and fatigue. Electrocardiography showed a third-degree atrioventricular heart block, while the patient remained normotensive. Cardiac damage parameters were altered with elevated levels of creatine phosphokinase of 8930 U/L, suggestive of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myositis, and troponin T of 1.060 ng/mL. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a preserved ejection fraction. Pembrolizumab-induced myocarditis was suspected. Therefore, treatment was initiated with high-dose glucocorticoids for 5 days, followed by a long oral steroid taper. A pacemaker was also implanted. Treatment resulted in the resolution of heart block and a decrease in creatine phosphokinase to the normal range.

Conclusion

Life-threatening cardiac adverse events in the form of myocarditis may occur with pembrolizumab use, warranting vigilant cardiac monitoring. Troponin monitoring in high-risk patients, along with baseline echocardiography may help identify this complication promptly to prevent life-threatening consequences.
Phenotypically concordant distribution of pick bodies in aphasic versus behavioral dementias
Authors: Kawles Allegra , Keszycki Rachel , Minogue Grace , Zouridakis Antonia , Ayala Ivan , Gill Nathan , Macomber Alyssa , Lubbat Vivienne , Coventry Christina , Rogalski Emily , Weintraub Sandra , Mao Qinwen , Flanagan Margaret E. , Zhang Hui , Castellani Rudolph , Bigio Eileen H. , Mesulam M.-Marsel , Geula Changiz , Gefen Tamar
Published: February 2024

Pick’s disease (PiD) is a subtype of the tauopathy form of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-tau) characterized by intraneuronal 3R-tau inclusions. PiD can underly various dementia syndromes, including primary progressive aphasia (PPA), characterized by an isolated and progressive impairment of language and left-predominant atrophy, and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), characterized by progressive dysfunction in personality and bilateral frontotemporal atrophy. In this study, we investigated the neocortical and hippocampal distributions of Pick bodies in bvFTD and PPA to establish clinicopathologic concordance between PiD and the salience of the aphasic versus behavioral phenotype. Eighteen right-handed cases with PiD as the primary pathologic diagnosis were identified from the Northwestern University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center brain bank (bvFTD, N = 9; PPA, N = 9). Paraffin-embedded sections were stained immunohistochemically with AT8 to visualize Pick bodies, and unbiased stereological analysis was performed in up to six regions bilaterally [middle frontal gyrus (MFG), superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), anterior temporal lobe (ATL), dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 of the hippocampus], and unilateral occipital cortex (OCC). In bvFTD, peak neocortical densities of Pick bodies were in the MFG, while the ATL was the most affected in PPA. Both the IPL and STG had greater leftward pathology in PPA, with the latter reaching significance (p < 0.01). In bvFTD, Pick body densities were significantly right-asymmetric in the STG (p < 0.05). Hippocampal burden was not clinicopathologically concordant, as both bvFTD and PPA cases demonstrated significant hippocampal pathology compared to neocortical densities (p < 0.0001). Inclusion-to-neuron analyses in a subset of PPA cases confirmed that neurons in the DG are disproportionately burdened with inclusions compared to neocortical areas. Overall, stereological quantitation suggests that the distribution of neocortical Pick body pathology is concordant with salient clinical features unique to PPA vs. bvFTD while raising intriguing questions about the selective vulnerability of the hippocampus to 3R-tauopathies.
Participation in cardiovascular screening consultations, the who, when and why - A cohort study on patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Karstensen Julie Katrine , Bremander Ann , Christensen Jeanette Reffstrup , Primdahl Jette
Published: February 2024

Background

In accordance with the EULAR recommendations, the Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases have systematically invited patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment since 2011. Patients with high risk are invited to a follow-up screening after one year. To optimize the screening and tailor it to individual needs, information about who accepts vs. declines follow-up is needed. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore participation in systematic CV risk assessment among patients with RA. Furthermore, to explore differences between patients with low vs. high risk, and between patients with high risk who accept vs. decline follow-up.

Methods

Data from 2,222 outpatients with RA in the period 2011-2021 were retrieved, and of these 1,522 were under 75 years and eligible to be invited. To assess the 10-year risk for CV death, the modified Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (mSCORE), derived by multiplying the SCORE by 1.5, was used. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore differences in CV risk factors (triglycerides, HbA1c, lifestyle factors) and measures of disease impact (pain, fatigue, patient global assessment, HAQ, EQ-5D-5L) between patients with low vs. high risk. Differences between high risk patients who accepted vs. declined follow-up were analysed using Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi-squared test for groups.

Results

One thousand one hundred forty-nine received a CV screening invitation and 91 declined participation. Patients with high risk had significantly longer disease duration (OR; 95 CI) (1.017; 1.002-1.032), higher levels of triglycerides (1.834; 1.475-2.280), HbA1C (1.046; 1.020-1.070), pain (1.006; 1.001-1.012), and HAQ-score (1.305; 1.057-1.612) compared to patients with low risk and they more often declined follow-up (43% vs. 28%, p < 0.001). Those who declined a follow-up invitation were older (p = 0.016) and had shorter disease duration (p = 0.006) compared to those who accepted follow-up.

Conclusion

A first CV screening consultation was accepted by most patients with RA, while only every other patient with high to very high CV risk adhered to a follow-up screening consultation. Neither measures of disease impact nor lifestyle factors were associated with adherence. Further studies are needed to explore the patients' motivation, barriers and facilitators for adherence or non-adherence to a follow-up consultation.
Macrophage inclusions in cerebrospinal fluid following treatment initiation with antisense oligonucleotide therapies in motor neuron diseases
Authors: Vidovic Maximilian , Menschikowski Mario , Freigang Maren , Lapp Hanna Sophie , Günther René
Published: February 2024

5q-associated spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are two distinct neurological disorders leading to degeneration of lower motor neurons. The antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) nusinersen and tofersen are novel disease-modifying agents for these diseases, respectively. In the context of ASO treatment, the cytological characteristics and composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have recently garnered particular interest. This report presents a case series of CSF cytology findings in two patients with SMA and ALS revealing comparable unspecified macrophage inclusions following treatment initiation with nusinersen and tofersen. Yet, the presence of these “asophages” in the treatment course of two different ASOs is of unclear significance. While both treatments have been well tolerated, this phenomenon warrants attention, given the long-term nature of these treatments.
Immunoinformatic and molecular docking approaches: siRNA prediction to silence cell surface binding protein of monkeypox virus
Authors: Islam Rahatul , Shahriar Asif , Uddin Muhammad Ramiz , Fatema Nour
Published: February 2024

Background

Monkeypox virus (MPV), an endemic pathogen in Africa, shares clinical similarities with smallpox. Recent reports indicate a concerning increase in the number of MPV cases detected outside its endemic region, highlighting the emergence of a multi-country outbreak. Given the importance of the cell surface-binding protein E8L in facilitating viral attachment to host cells, this study aimed to identify potential small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) capable of silencing E8L and thereby serving as a basis for therapeutic development.

Results

siRNAs have emerged as promising candidates for genetic therapies and antiviral and antibacterial treatments. In this investigation, we employed computational assays, including GC content analysis, binding free energy assessment, folding properties evaluation, melting temperature determination, and siRNA efficacy prediction. Our comprehensive analysis identified five siRNAs with high potential for effectively silencing the cell surface-binding protein of the monkeypox virus. Among these siRNAs, molecular docking revealed that “S8” (Guide-UUAUGGAUCCAAUCACUUGAU, Passenger-CAAGUGAUUGGAUCCAUAAUC) demonstrated the strongest affinity with the human argonaute-2 protein.

Conclusions

The siRNA “S8” represents a promising therapeutic target for developing treatments against monkeypox virus infection by specifically silencing the cell surface-binding protein E8L. Our research lays the foundation for future endeavors in genome-level therapies. It can potentially create chemically produced RNA molecules as effective antiviral drugs targeting Monkeypox virus infection. These findings contribute to advancing therapeutic strategies and offer new avenues for combating the spread of MPV, particularly in regions affected by the multi-country outbreak.
Biogenic metallic nanoparticles as game-changers in targeted cancer therapy: recent innovations and prospects
Authors: Todaria Moulika , Maity Dipak , Awasthi Rajendra
Published: February 2024

Background

Cancer is a significant global health issue, resulting from uncontrolled cell division leading to abnormal cell or tissue growth. Traditional chemotherapeutic techniques have investigated a wide variety of pharmaceutically active molecules despite their poor bioavailability, quick renal clearance, inconsistent distribution, and unavoidable side effects. Green synthesis, unlike chemical methods, prioritizes eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness. Using natural sources like plant extracts, it minimizes environmental impact, reduces costs, and aligns with sustainability goals. Operating under milder conditions, it consumes less energy compared to traditional approaches. Green synthesis is a highly promising and efficient method for producing nanoparticles due to its versatility and scalability.

Main body

Nanotechnology is making progress in cancer treatment because of nanoparticles' tiny size, large surface area, adaptability, and functionality, as well as their potential to induce apoptotic pathways and fast penetration or internalization into cancer cells. Biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant or microbe extracts is attracting attention to replace toxic chemicals with phytochemicals that can act as reducing, capping, or stabilizing agents and improve metallic nanoparticles biocompatibility, antitumor, and antioxidant properties. This review focuses on biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles and their anticancer effects on breast, prostate, skin, cervical, colorectal, lung, and liver cancer.

Conclusion

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles for cancer therapy stands at the forefront of innovative and sustainable approaches. Despite challenges, ongoing research demonstrates the potential of biosynthesis to revolutionize cancer nanomedicine, emphasizing the need for continued exploration and collaboration in this rapidly advancing field. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of the most recent developments in biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles for the treatment of cancer as well as their potential future applications in medicine.
Satisfaction and effectiveness of a digital health tool to improve health behavior counseling among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: a randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Kepper Maura M. , Walsh-Bailey Callie , Zhao Min , Parrish Loni , Miller Zoe M. , Glasgow Russell E. , Fuentes Lisa de las , Yan Yan , Hayashi Robert J. , Brownson Ross C. , Foraker Randi E.
Published: February 2024

Background

This pilot study examined the preliminary effectiveness of the PREVENT digital intervention that supports health care teams in delivering health behavior counseling on cancer survivors’ motivation to change behavior, their physical activity and food intake behaviors, and cardiovascular health (CVH).

Methods

Clinicians (physicians, nurse practitioners) at three urban cancer survivorship clinics were trained to use PREVENT. Patients were randomized to the PREVENT intervention or a wait-list routine care control group. Eligibility criteria for patients included: between ages 12–39, overweight or obese, were at least 6-months post-active cancer treatment, and had sufficient English proficiency.

Results

Fifty-five participants were enrolled; 27 were randomized to the PREVENT intervention and 28 to wait-list routine care control. The majority of the participants (82%) identified as non-Hispanic white, with an average age of 19.8 (SD ± 5.2) years. Patients that received the PREVENT intervention had greater increases in their self-efficacy, vigorous activity and number of food recommendations met than those who received routine clinical care. Changes in willingness, knowledge, and CVH outcomes were not significant.

Conclusions

The PREVENT digital intervention may provide improvements in preventive behaviors among AYA cancer survivors by supporting care teams with delivering evidence-based, tailored behavior change recommendations and resources to support patient health.

Trial registration

This trial (NCT04623190) was registered on 11/02/2022.
Music therapy for depression: is it music to our ears?
Authors: Lomax Tessa
Published: February 2024

Music therapy has been a recognised form of therapy for mental illness for many years. This commentary on a Cochrane Review on music therapy for depression sheds light on the evidence. It aims to give further clinical context to the findings, to help guide practice and examine music therapy as an evidence-based practice. The review compares music therapy plus ‘treatment as usual’ (TAU) with TAU alone, music therapy with psychological therapy, and ‘active’ with ‘receptive’ music therapy (the two main types of music therapy). The review points to music therapy being beneficial for people with depression when combined with TAU (versus TAU alone) in the short term, as well as improving anxiety and functioning. We need more evidence looking at longer-term outcomes, comparing music therapy with psychological therapies and comparing different forms of music therapy.
Cancer Care After the Earthquake? What Is Left to Us?
Authors: Beypinar Ismail
Published: February 2024

Can you rely on national health records after an earthquake for cancer care? When nothing is left!
Differences in Colorectal Cancer Awareness Between Vegetarians and Nonvegetarians: A National Cross-Sectional Study From Palestine
Authors: Elshami Mohamedraed , Albandak Maram , Alser Mohammed , Al-Slaibi Ibrahim , Ayyad Mohammed , Dwikat Mohammad F. , Naji Shoruq A. , Mohamad Balqees M. , Isleem Wejdan S. , Shurrab Adela , Yaghi Bashar , Ayyash Qabaja Yahya , Hamdan Fatma K. , Sweity Raneen R. , Jneed Remah T. , Assaf Khayria A. , Hmaid Mohammed M. , Awwad Iyas I. , Alhabil Belal K. , Alarda Marah N. , Alsattari Amani S. , Aboyousef Moumen S. , Aljbour Omar A. , AlSharif Rinad , Giacaman Christy T. , Alnaga Ali Y. , Abu Nemer Ranin M. , Almadhoun Nada M. , Skaik Sondos M. , Albarqi Shurouq I. , Abu-El-Noor Nasser , Bottcher Bettina
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE

To compare colorectal cancer (CRC) awareness between vegetarians and nonvegetarians in Palestine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The validated Bowel Cancer Awareness Measure and Cancer Awareness Measure-Mythical Causes Scale were translated into Arabic and used to assess awareness of CRC signs/symptoms, risk factors, and mythical causes. The total awareness score of each domain was calculated and categorized into tertiles; the top tertile was considered as good awareness. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between being a vegetarian and displaying good awareness in each domain.

RESULTS

This study included 4,623 participants: 560 vegetarians (12.1%) and 4,063 nonvegetarians (87.9%). Lump in the abdomen was the most recognized CRC sign/symptom among both nonvegetarians (n = 2,969, 73.1%) and vegetarians (n = 452, 80.7%). Vegetarians were less likely than nonvegetarians to display good awareness of CRC signs/symptoms (odds ratio, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.48 to 0.72]). Lack of physical activity was the most identified modifiable CRC risk factor in both nonvegetarians (n = 3,368, 82.9%) and vegetarians (n = 478, 85.4%). Similarly, having a bowel disease was the most identified nonmodifiable risk factor among both nonvegetarians (n = 2,889, 71.1%) and vegetarians (n = 431, 77.0%). There were no associated differences between both groups in the awareness levels of CRC risk factors. The most recognized food-related CRC causation myth in nonvegetarians was drinking from plastic bottles (n = 1,023, 25.2%), whereas it was eating burnt food in vegetarians (n = 176, 31.4%). Having a physical trauma was the most recognized food-unrelated myth in both nonvegetarians (n = 2,356, 58.0%) and vegetarians (n = 396, 70.7%). There were no associated differences in the awareness of CRC causation myths between both groups.

CONCLUSION

Awareness of CRC was notably low in both Palestinian vegetarians and nonvegetarians. Particularly, vegetarians demonstrated lower awareness of CRC signs and symptoms.
NEURAL NETWORKS OPTIMIZATION: METHODS AND THEIR COMPARISON BASED OFF TEXT INTELLECTUAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Torkunova Julia V. , Milovanov Danila V.
Published: February 2024

The research resulted in the development of software that implements various algorithms of neural networks optimization, which allowed to carry out their comparative analysis in terms of optimization quality. The article takes a detailed look at artificial neural networks and methods of their optimization: quantization, overcutting, distillation, Tucker’s dissolution. Algorithms and optimization tools of neural networks were explained, as well as comparative analysis of different methods was conducted with their advantages and disadvantages listed. Calculation values were given as well as recommendations on how to execute each method. Optimization is studied by text classification performance: peculiarities were removed, models were chosen and taught, parameters were adjusted. The set task was completed with the use of the following technologies: Python programming language, Pytorch framework and Jupyter Notebook developing environment. The results that were acquired can be used to reduce the demand on computing power while preserving the same level of detection and classification abilities.
AUTOMATING THE PROCESS OF PREPARING THE SCHOOL TIMETABLE
Authors: Petrosyan Ashot S. , Surmachevskaya Angelica A. , Safonova Ekaterina A. , Kuznetsova Evelina M. , Gareeva Gulnara A.
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a development that optimizes the process of educational scheduling by creating algorithms that automatically distribute the load of the educational process and take into account all the preferences of teachers. One of the currently popular platforms for deploying these developments is the google tables platform for creating google tables and creating code based on google app script. The peculiarity of the system implemented with the help of this platform is the ease of use and minimization of resources spent on software storage, which greatly simplifies interaction with the system.

Purpose – create a tool for drawing up a study schedule, interacting with a database created in Google Tables, interacting with participants of an educational institution online, which saves personal time of teachers and employees of the dean’s office.

Method or methodology of the work: the article discusses a way to optimize the creation of a weekly schedule, taking into account the convenience of the teacher in the distribution of pairs and taking into account the load of the educational process by creating algorithms based on Google app script. For implementation, online tables are used that are accessible to all teachers and employees of the dean’s office, updated in real time, Tables created in Google and the google app script programming language.

Result: a unique tool has been developed that implements the functions of adding, storing, interacting and round-the-clock access to training schedule data.

Scope of application of the results: the curriculum, stored in online tables and updated by the dean’s office staff, should be used for monitoring by each teacher, keeping track of their time of couples in educational institutions.
ON THE ISSUE OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF ELECTRIC TRANSPORT IN CITIES
Authors: Konovalova Tatyana V. , Nadiryan Sofiya L. , Senin Ivan S. , Kotsurba Sofiya V.
Published: February 2024

In this article, the authors consider issues related to the efficiency of the use of electric transport in cities. Currently, environmentally friendly modes of transport, including means of individual mobility, are becoming increasingly relevant. To determine the prospects for the development of electric transport in cities, it is necessary to evaluate the performance indicators of its work. Based on the experience of using electric transport, it can be concluded that the development of this type of transport in the cities of our country is a promising direction.

The purpose: the purpose of this study is the efficiency of the use of electric transport in cities. Within the framework of achieving the set goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: analysis of the characteristics and effectiveness of various types of electric transport; analysis of the experience of using electric transport in urban conditions.

Method or methodology of the work: when conducting research, the authors used such research methods as analysis, practical modeling.

Results: to date, the following results have been achieved: comparative costs of electric transport and other types of urban transport have been analyzed. The international experience of using electric transport is analyzed. The technical characteristics of vehicles, the consumption of electrical energy, the possibility of charging and operation in urban conditions are considered.

Scope of application of the results: research activity on the development of new approaches in the field of organization of transportation on vehicles with alternative energy sources.
Exosomes - breakthrough in the regenerative medicine and a way to improve the quality of the life
Authors: Brzozowska Anna , Maj-Dziedzic Monika , Sikora Marcelina , Zarzycka Marta , Plewniok Ines , Dubiel Jeremiasz , Maj Adrian , Warno Martyna , Kozik Wiktor , Śmietana Greta
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Exosomes are small, membrane-bound extracellular vesicles that play a pivotal role in intercellular communication. Exosomes have garnered significant interest in regenerative medicine due to their unique properties that support tissue repair, regeneration, and healing. These extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in intercellular communication, and their regenerative potential makes them promising tools in the field of regenerative medicine. 

 

Purpose of the study

This review aims to present the regenerative properties of exosomes and their clinical applications in many fields of medicine. The main aim is to present exosomes as a substance that restores health, youth and vitality. 

 

Material and method

Literature review was primarily based on scientific materials, English and Polish databases and original research. The following English keywords and its Polish equivalents were used to search Google Scholar and PubMed: “ exosomes", “regenerative medicine”, “stem cells”.
Doñana, necesidad de adaptación: un nuevo sistema como herramienta de evaluación sostenible.
Authors: Arnet Callealta Virginia , Sánchez Fuentes Domingo
Published: February 2024

La capacidad de resiliencia del Espacio de Doñana manifiesta la necesidad de reinterpretar los códigos hegemónicos del planeamiento. Para ello, se plantea un nuevo sistema a partir de una herramienta de evaluación sostenible que sea capaz de suscitar un modelo territorial complejo que consolide estándares sostenibles equilibrados en relación a la intensificación del aprovechamiento del territorio, su explotación turística y la protección de su patrimonio natural. A partir de la revisión teórico-conceptual sobre sostenibilidad y territorio del ámbito de estudio, se propone el diseño de una herramienta evaluadora compleja que redefina el paradigma actual y mediante su contextualización permita detectar aquellos parámetros que son claves para el cambio hacia el nuevo modelo territorial propuesto.
Are Audit Committees Overloaded? Evidence from the Effect of Financial Risk Management Oversight on Financial Reporting Quality
Authors: Ashraf Musaib , Choudhary Preeti , Jaggi Jacob
Published: February 2024

Audit committee (AC) responsibilities have increased over time, prompting concerns that overloading the AC with too many duties may impair the AC’s ability to oversee financial reporting. Using new AC charter-based proxies to measure AC responsibilities, we find that an emphasis on the AC overseeing financial risk management (which is a noncore AC duty) is associated with worse financial reporting quality, as proxied by restatements—consistent with the argument of AC overload by distraction. This overload effect is attenuated when an AC has more directors to share duties or when the AC retains an expert auditor who can serve as a substitute for AC oversight. This overload effect is accentuated when AC members are busy with multiple board appointments or when the external auditor is busy with other audits. We also find that AC financial risk oversight is associated with more AC meetings and greater turnover of AC directors, consistent with the notion of overload. In sharp contrast, we find that greater AC oversight over internal controls (which is a core AC duty) is associated with improved financial reporting quality. Overall, we document that the nature of AC duties impacts the AC’s ability to promote financial reporting quality and that noncore duties may overload ACs.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.

Funding: The authors are grateful for funding provided by the Eller College of Management at the University of Arizona, the Broad College of Business at Michigan State University, and the Carson College of Business at Washington State University.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00360 .
Nontraded Sector Growth Risks and Economic Sizes in International Asset Pricing
Authors: Tô Thuy-Duong , Tran Ngoc-Khanh
Published: February 2024

Output fluctuations in nontraded sectors are an important country-specific risk factor because nontraded outputs are only consumed domestically. In interest rate markets, countries with higher nontraded output growth risks are associated with stronger motives for precautionary savings and lower interest rates. In currency markets, strategies with higher exposures to nontraded output growth risks offer higher average excess returns. Economic sizes play an important role in exacerbating the pricing impact of nontraded output growth risks as it requires larger international trades to mitigate nontraded output risks of larger economies. However, because economic sizes are functions of outputs in equilibrium, output growth risks also explain this role of economic sizes in international asset pricing.

This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03697 .
Advocacy and Research Coming Together
Authors: Adams Askia
Published: February 2024

My name is Askia Adams and, in this article, I share my perspective and experience with research and advocacy. I have recently started a job as a researcher, and I am learning a lot about how research and advocacy complement each other. It’s exciting to be able to learn new research skills. It has been challenging to start as a researcher. I’ve been working on learning the tools I need to be a researcher. There is a lot to learn and a lot of skills to develop. My team supports me in many ways, which I describe in the article. It is crucial to have self-advocate involvement in research because the research affects our lives and we have unique insights from our lived experience. For years, we have been left out of the design of research. When self-advocates are involved, the research is going to be more meaningful to people with disabilities.
Chemical characterization of baby food consumed in Italy
Authors: Meli Maria Assunta , Desideri Donatella , Sisti Davide , Fagiolino Ivan , Roselli Carla
Published: February 2024

In this study, a total of 30 elements (essential and non-essential or toxic) were determined in 25 foods consumed in Italy by children aged 0–6 months and produced in Europe. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry were used as measurement techniques for the elements of interest. The estimated intakes for one-year-old infants were compared with risk estimators and nutritional requirements. Data indicate that commercially available baby food in Italy provides an excellent contribution for Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, K, and P, covering up to approximately 70% of the adequate intake (AI) for an infant aged 6–12 months. The intake of detectable toxic elements was always below the safety limit: even the most concentrated toxic elements never exceeded about 86% of the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI). This result indicates that the analyzed baby food is of good quality and does not pose risks to children’s health.
Fights on the surface prior to fungal invasion of insects
Authors: Shang Junmei , Hong Song , Wang Chengshu
Published: February 2024

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) infect insects by landing on and penetrating cuticles. Emerging evidence has shown that, prior to the invasion of insects, fungal cells have to battle and overcome diverse challenges, including the host behavioral defenses, colonization resistance mediated by ectomicrobiotas, host recognition, and generation of enough penetration pressure. The ascomycete EPF such as Metarhizium and Beauveria can thus produce adhesive proteins and/or the exopolysaccharide mucilage to tightly glue fungal cells on cuticles. Producing antimicrobial peptides and chemical compounds can enable EPF to outcompete cuticular defensive microbes. The use of divergent membrane receptors, accumulation, and quick degradation of lipid droplets in conidial cells can help EPF recognize proper hosts and build up cellular turgor to breach cuticles for systematic invasion. Further investigations are still required to unveil the multifaceted and intricate relationships between EPF and insect hosts.
Une redéfinition du féminisme africain dans Femme nue, femme noire de Calixthe Beyala, romancière à contre-courant
Authors: Anih Uchenna Bethrand
Published: February 2024

This article examines the issues of literary impudence and homosexuality so much repudiated by African feminist theorists in Calixthe Beyala’s erotic novel, Femme nue, femme noire. It reflects on the pertinence of using African feminist ideologies in the criticism of Beyala’s fictions considering the fact her novelistic themes run contrary to the African feminist postulation where homosexuality, sex work and other transgressive tendencies constitute a strange and imported phenomenon. This article analyses the radicalization of African feminism through a close reading of Calixthe Beyala’s Femme nue, femme noire by highlighting recourse to subversion as a radical tendency in Beyala’s writings, which consists not only subverting the status quo through engaging in taboo-related discourse but also defending the sexual independence of the modern African woman as a form of emancipation. It concludes that the novel exhibits a new African feminism which is neither adapted to the collective feminist ethics nor to the African literary canon but to the individual feminine reality aimed at the total emancipation of the African woman.
Mundos de língua portuguesa – olhares cruzados (V): Africanidades: antropologia, literatura, cinema, história
Authors: Tocco Valeria , Araújo Filipa Medeiros , André Carlos Ascenso
Published: February 2024

Mundos de língua portuguesa - olhares cruzados apresenta a síntese do debate científico que vários especialistas ligados à Associação Internacional de Lusitanistas compartilharam na cidade de Roma, em tempo de pandemia. Neste volume são reunidos ensaios que, de uma perspectiva histórica, antropológica, sociológica ou literária, abordam e problematizam questões relacionadas com aspetos da cultura em África (Angola e Moçambique) ou com o legado cultural da presença africana no Brasil e em Portugal
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NOS CURSOS TÉCNICOS EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Daiane Silva Rodrigues Carla , Pasqualli Roberta
Published: February 2024

Considera-se que as metodologias ativas de aprendizagem contrapõem-se aos métodos tradicionais de ensino, voltando-se à autonomia e protagonismo dos estudantes em seu próprio processo de aprendizagem ao mesmo tempo que convoca os docentes a diversificarem suas práticas de ensino. Nesta direção, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar o que dizem as produções acadêmicas/científicas realizadas na Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu brasileira sobre metodologias ativas retratando, mais especificamente, os cursos técnicos de nível médio em Enfermagem. O estudo foi constituído a partir da catalogação e da análise das teses e dissertações disponíveis na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza básica com abordagem qualitativa. Quanto aos seus objetivos, é classificada como exploratória e descritiva com procedimentos técnicos documental e bibliográfico. Como resultados, constituíram-se duas categorias temáticas centrais: uso de metodologias ativas nas práticas de ensino e preparo pedagógico dos(as) enfermeiros(as) docentes, retratando a relevância do conhecimento pedagógico para além dos conteúdos e da prática profissional de Enfermagem, entendidos como insuficientes para o melhor aproveitamento da experiência educativa. Conclui-se que a pesquisa da temática das metodologias ativas de aprendizagem em cursos de pós-graduação Stricto Sensu, conforme delimitação metodológica empregada, é pouco numerosa e que o ensino em cursos técnicos em Enfermagem demanda preparo pedagógico inicial e continuado.