1726. Characterization of humoral immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in children in Canada: interim analysis from the Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 PRevalence In children and youNG adults in British Columbia (SPRING) Study
Authors: Gaultier Gabrielle N , Lo Mandy , McMillan Brynn , Lee Amy , Cai Bing , Harn Tony , Bartlett Sofia R , Morshed Muhammad , Sekirov Inna , Zinszer Kate , Simons Elinor , Mandhane Piushkumar , Maguire Jonathon L , Jassem Agatha N , Sadarangani Manish 
Published: November 2023

Background

A vaccine series consisting of two doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines plus one booster dose is currently recommended for healthy children aged 5-11 years in Canada. Additional studies are needed to understand the longitudinal immunity to COVID-19 vaccination in the pediatric population. The Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 PRevalence In children and youNG adults in British Columbia (SPRING) sub-study aimed to specifically investigate antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination in children aged 5-11 years.

Methods

Fifty-four children without immunocompromising conditions or taking immunosuppressive medications were enrolled prior to dose one or dose two of their COVID-19 vaccine. Responses were quantified via: anti-index virus spike protein specific IgG (S-IgG) geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) (binding antibody units, BAU/mL) and S-IgG avidity reported as total relative IgG avidity index (TRAI) (avidity units, AU) at pre-dose two, as well as one and six months post-dose two. A Welch’s t-test compared responses between timepoints.

Results

The cohort consisted of 55% male and 45% female with a median age of 8 years. The interval between first and second doses ranged from 7 – 18 (median 11) weeks. Concentrations of S-IgG increased from pre-dose two to one month post-dose two (222 vs. 1152 BAU/mL, p &lt; 0.0001). GMCs then decreased by six months post-dose two (1152 vs. 343 BAU/mL, p &lt; 0.0001) to levels similar to pre-dose two (p = 0.0696). TRAI increased between time points. By six months post-dose two, S-IgG TRAI (68 AU) remained higher than pre-dose two (46 AU, p &lt; 0.0001) and one month post-dose two (65 AU, p = 0.0495). This increase in avidity was due to higher concentrations of medium high, high and very high avidity S-IgG as well as a decrease in very low avidity S-IgG at six months post-dose two.

Conclusion

Concentrations of S-IgG waned significantly by six months post-dose two. The results suggest that due to repeated exposure to the S-protein, affinity maturation has resulted in the production of higher avidity antibodies post-dose two. This suggests that both S-IgG concentrations and avidity should be considered when determining protection against COVID-19 and need to be further explored to support future booster recommendations.

Disclosures

Sofia R. Bartlett, PhD, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|Abbvie: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support Manish Sadarangani, BM BCh, FRCPC, DPhil, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support|Symvivo: Grant/Research Support|VBI Vaccines: Grant/Research Support