bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Activities and Estimation of Phenol and Flavonoid Contents in The Extracts Of Trema Orientalis Linn Blume
Authors: Saleh A. , Zainal-Ariffin S.M. , Yahaya S.F. , Khaleel A.G.
Published: April 2021

Phytochemical analysis is important in the evaluation of bioactive compounds from plants. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathology of many diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, cataract, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions, and stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of Trema orientalis. Antioxidant activity was estimated spectrophotometrically using 2,2– diphenyl–1–picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. The total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents of the Trema orientalis extracts were determined using standard methods. IndependentSample T–test was used for Data analyses. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, cardiac  glycosides, alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Total phenolic contents were found to be 260.96±2.31 mg GAE/g and 134.08±0.56 mg GAE/g in the ethanol and aqueous extracts respectively. Similarly, total flavonoid contents were between 32.71±0.89 and 4.70±0.23 mg GAE/g. The radical scavenging effect was observed in ethanol extract with IC50 = 9.27 µg/mL. The  abundance of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of the T. orientalis could confirm their good therapeutic potentials inethnobotany.

Keywords: Trema orientalis, Phenols, Flavonoids, Antioxidant activities
Clinicopathological and Microscopic Features of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma evansi Induced Infections in Sheep II
Authors: Wada Y.A. , Rekwot P.I. , Okubanjo O.O. , Mohammed B. , Oniye S.J.
Published: April 2021

The present study elucidates further on clinical, gross, and microscopic pathologies induced by single or mixed infections with  Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma brucei in sheep. Briefly, the experimental animals were divided into four groups of three  animals each. Animals in each group were either infected with T. brucei, T. evansi, mixed (T. brucei and T. evansi), or noninfected. Animals were observed for clinical, gross, and microscopic pathologies for 98 days (14 weeks). The clinical pathologies observed included loss of body condition, pale ocular mucus membrane, rough hair coat, scrotal oedema, scrotal degeneration, emaciation, and death. At necropsy, macroscopic or gross lesions included very pale and anaemic carcass composition, congested and pneumonic lungs with severe haemorrhages, serous atrophy of intestinal and body fats, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Microscopic lesions observed in the testes, spleen, liver, lungs, lymphoid, heart, and brain tissues of infected sheep were varied and included swollen kidney with renal tubular degeneration, the proliferation of lymphocytes at the germinal centers of the spleen, degeneration of the bronchioles, severe testicular degeneration with a reduction in the number of spermatogenic cell layers,  degenerated Leydig and Sertoli cells with loss of sperm reserves in the seminiferous lumen, congested liver with sinusoidal spaces and the proliferation of monocytes and lymphocytes. The results indicate that trypanosomosis due to experimental T. brucei, T. evansi, or mixed infections may be an important cause of various grades of tissue and organ pathologies in sheep in trypanosome-endemic areas.

Keywords: Trypanosomosis; Clinico-pathological and microscopic features; Trypanosoma brucei; Trypanosoma evansi; Mixed  infections; Sheep
Small Tourism Business Growth Through Eco-tourism in Mahikeng, South Africa
Authors: Litheko Alpheaus
Published: April 2021

Small business enterprises are renowned worldwide as vehicles for economic growth and development. The small business sector in South Africa has encountered numerous obstacles and government agencies responsible for their development have come across challenges, and as a result, they have not been able to adequately develop a large number of small businesses. Product diversification is one of the growth strategies that can be developed by small tourism businesses to break into new markets and off-set the challenges associated with one sub-sector of tourism. The primary objective is to determine the business support required by small tourism businesses to enter and participate in the eco-tourism sector. A non-probability judgemental sampling method was used to identify participants. In-depth face-to-face interviews were utilised to collect data from small tourism businesses located in Mahikeng, South Africa. There are many limitations that hinder the sustainable development and growth of small tourism businesses in Mahikeng, and for government to implement a series of growth reforms they firstly need to gather information on those factors that impede small tourism business’ sustainable development. The findings of the study can be utilised to inform policy-making processes, and its recommendations can contribute towards strategy development that provides assistance intended for small tourism businesses to enter and participate in the eco-tourism market.
REVISION OF THE SCALE OF DETERMINING THE SOURCES OF SELF-EFFICACY BELIEF FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: ASLAN Ali , DURMAZ UZUNOĞLU Hilal
Published: April 2021

Bandura argued that self-efficacy belief is nourished by four sources. These are masyery performance (performance accomplishments), vicarious experiences, verbal (social) persuasion, physiological and emotional states. The aim of this study is to rearrange the "Determining the Sources of Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Primary School Students" scale and to examine the revision of the new form for middle school students. In the new form of the scale prepared for secondary school students, the items were expressed in the form of question and the options were formed in the 5-point Likert; highly increase (5), quite increase (4), moderate increase (3), slightly increase (2), never increase (1). The scale items are based on mathematics. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to demonstrate suitability of this new form of the scale for the middle school students. At the end of the study, it was found that the structure of scale with 4-factor and 12-item was protected, in other words, the new form of the scale gave valid and reliable results on middle school students. Keywords: Self-efficacy belief, sources of self-efficacy belief, confirmatory factor analysis, middle school students.
“HOW SHOULD BE TAUGHT?” COURSE CONTENT, SOCIALITY AND PRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE: HUMAN RIGHTS, CITIZENSHIP AND DEMOCRACY COURSE EXAMPLE
Authors: GÜNGÖR Mehmet
Published: April 2021

Education is the transfer of knowledge that aims to transform the individual. At the heart of this transfer is the curriculum. In the curriculum, "What should we teach?" It includes the search for a methodical answer to the question and the social production and reproduction of knowledge.In this study, a content and competence under 5 headings related to “The adequacy of the subjects and acquisitions in the program, the appropriateness of the class or level in which the lesson will be taught, the methods and techniques used in teaching, the textbook and material competence” of the teachers who teach Human Rights, Citizenship and Democracy were not introduced. They should apply face-to-face technique to 24 teachers in 6 primary schools with different socio-economic structure in the city center as a volunteer to the research. All stakeholders of the education, namely students, schools, school administrators, universities and non-governmental organizations, the content and implementation of the course. It was emphasized that the curriculum should be updated, teacher competencies should be increased and followed up. Keywords: Teacher Training, Curriculum, Human Rights Education, Citizenship Education, Democracy Education
INVESTIGATION OF SIEGFRIED LENZ'S NOVEL ENTITLED " THE TURNCOAT" IN THE FRAMEWORK OF HANNAH ARENDT'S PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Ayhan Yavuz
Published: April 2021

II. World War has an important place in the history of Germany, as it affected the society deeply in sociological, economic and psychological aspects and the damage left is not easily lost. Therefore, World War II and post-war period has been the subject of many literary works. Depicting of the social panorama reflected in the novel "The Pure Changer" by Siegfried Lenz, one of the German literary writers constitutes the aim of the study. Considering the fact that other social sciences can be used while interpreting literary works, the novel has been handled within the framework of Hannah Arendt's philosophical views, taking into consideration the interdisciplinary perspective. In addition, while analyzing the novel, the text-based approach style was taken into account. In this study, the style of writing of Siegfried Lenz was mentioned and the novel was analyzed considering the philosophical views of Hannah Arendt. In this study, the search for the truth with conscientious, critical and moral principles by elusion of the reality of evil becoming ordinary, of individuals who have ideas and can assume responsibility among German soldiers during the war period and the post-war period are discussed in the novel. Key words: Post-war German Literature, Siegfried Lenz, Hannah Arendt
‘OPERETTAS’ FROM THE OTTOMAN PERIOD TO THE PRESENT
Authors: TÜRKMENOĞLU Ömer , LAÇİN Gülay
Published: April 2021

We need to give information about the definition and historical process of “operetta” before starting this study titled “Operettas from the Ottoman period to the present”. Operetta was a term used for short and unpretentious operas in the eighteenth century. At the end of the nineteenth century, "operetta" was called "small opera" and "musical theater" as a stage work, born out of the comic opera genre, developed in Paris and Vienna, one of the cultural and artistic centers of Europe. The operettas, which explained fun and emotional subjects in a simple language and appealed to a wide audience, also had the satiric feature of the lower class. In the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Period, when the influence of westernization began to be seen, interest in western style music increased along with the developments in Turkish music. Western style music was initially adopted by the people around the palace and later by the public and began to be performed. During this period, operettas were staged by Italian groups, and operettas were written by Turkish composers using Turkish and Western music together in the last quarter of the 19th century. In operettas written, the musical and instrumental features of Turkish music were used together with the harmony of Western music, and works were tried to be written using two different structures together. In this study, the development of operetta from the Ottoman period to the present day, which emerged in line with the Westernization movement, was discussed. The operettas that were written in this period but were not supported by the conditions of that period, could not be completed and therefore were not performed and forgotten, and operettas that have survived to the present day and have the characteristics of Turkish Music have been identified according to the sources. "Arif's Hilesi", known as the first Turkish operetta written in the Ottoman period and composed by Dikran Çuhaciyan, and the "İstanbulname" operetta composed by Turgay Erdener, one of the last generation composers, were also examined. Keywords: Ottoman, Republic, Period, Turkish, Operetta
PRELIMINARY DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF MATRIX HEAT EXCHANGER
Authors: Bogdan Claudia , Brill Catalin , Sirosh Oleksandr , Vijulie Mihai , Lazar Alin
Published: April 2021

While the basic principles of thermodynamics have remained the same, the necessity for heat exchangers to have good effectiveness in a small volume is constantly growing. Heat exchangers type Matrix Heat Exchanger (MHE), which can meet these requirements, does not have an optimal design variant for its use. These heat exchangers have been approached for 60 years, by many researchers, currently offering only an overview of the process. The mechanism of heat transfer in a matrix heat exchanger is complex, having three different thermal convection paths as well as thermal conduction through two different surfaces. This paper presents the simulations performed in ANSYS Workbench, combining all these heat transfer modes, for developing an optimal model of a perforated plate matrix heat exchanger, used for the pre-cooling of a hydrogen isotopes stream mixture, for purification purposes, as well as, for preparing the inlet temperature in cryogenic distillation columns of hydrogen isotopes.
TÜRKİYE’DE SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ SİSTEMİNE GÜVEN
Authors: NAL Mustafa
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma, Türkiye’de toplumun sağlık hizmetleri sistemine güven düzeyini ve sağlık hizmetleri sistemine güven düzeyini etkileyen sosyo-demografik değişkenleri belirlemek amacı ile yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Katılımcıların sağlık hizmetleri sistemine güven düzeyini belirlemek için Egede ve Ellis (2008) tarafından geliştirilen ve Dinç ve diğerleri (2013) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan “Sağlık Hizmetleri Sistemi Çok Boyutlu Güven Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında kartopu örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış ve Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinden 640 kişi araştırmaya katılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde IBM SPSS 25.0 programı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların sağlık hizmetlerine güven düzeyi toplam puan ortalaması 55,73±10,58, Sağlık profesyonellerine güven toplam puan ortalaması 33,65±6,46, sağlık giderini karşılayan kuruma güven toplam puan ortalaması 12,57±3,33, sağlık kurumuna güven toplam puan ortalaması 9,50±2,37 olarak belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların sağlık hizmetleri sistemine güven düzeyinin orta seviyenin üzerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir.
COVID-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE KANSER BAKIM YÖNETİMİ
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Aslıhan , ÇINAR Derya
Published: April 2021

Yeni kanser teşhisi konulan, kanser tedavisi (kemoterapi, radyoterapi, immünoterapi, endokrin tedavisi vb.) devam eden veya yakın zamanda tedavisi sonlanan kanser hastaları, yapılan tedaviler nedeni ile enfeksiyona daha duyarlı hale gelmektedir. Koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) sürecinde kanser hastalarının daha yüksek risk altında olduğu, morbidite ve mortalite artış hızının daha fazla olabileceği ve gerekli önlemlerin alınması gerekliliğinin önemi yapılan araştırmalarda bildirilmiştir. Kanser hastalarının tanı, tedavi ve izlemlerinin devamlılığının sağlanması ve enfeksiyon yönetiminin yapılması olası risklerin önlenmesi açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde kanser hastalarının bakım yönetimi; enfeksiyon riskini en aza indirgemek ve kanser hastalarının sağ kalımını sürdürmek amacı ile hazırlanan ulusal ve uluslararası güncel rehberlerin önerileri doğrultusunda sürdürülmelidir. Pandemi sürecinde kanser hastalarının ve onkoloji hemşirelerinin güvenliği ve sağlığı için uygun stratejiler planlanması gerekmektedir. Bu makale, COVID-19 pandemi sürecinin kanser hastalarının bakımına yansımaları ve ulusal/uluslararası güncel rehberler doğrultusunda kanser bakım hizmet sunumunu vurgulamak amacı ile derlenmiştir.
ÇALIŞANLARIN SENDİKAL ALGILARININ SENDİKAL SADAKATLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: SAĞLIK SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: KORKMAZER Fuat
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Sendikalar, işçi ve işveren ilişkilerinin gelişmesi ve değişmesi sonucunda ortaya çıkmıştır. Sendika kavramı; tüm çalışanları değil de sadece işçi ve işverenler baz alınarak geliştirilmiştir. Bu kavram, zamanla çalışma hayatı tüm mensupları açısından değişime uğradıkça genişlemiş ve kamu görevlileri de dahil olmak üzere tüm çalışan kesimi içine almıştır. Üyelerinin olumlu sendikal algılananın, sendikal sadakat gibi olumlu tutumlara yol açacağı ön görülmektedir. Bu araştırmada temel amaç; sendika algısının, sendikal sadakate olan etkisini belirlemektir. Ayrıca sendikal sadakat ile sendika algısının mesleki-demografik değişkenlere göre nasıl farklılaştığını ortaya koymaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma kamuya bağlı bir hastanede çalışan 171 sağlık çalışanına uygulanmıştır. Veri toplama iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde katılımcıların tanıtıcı özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla 8 soru ikinci bölümde ise Sendikal Algı Ölçeği ile Sendikal Sadakat Ölçeği yer almaktadır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların; %53,2’si kadın, %68,9’u evli, %48’inin öğrenim düzeyi lisans ve %78’inin sağlık hizmetlerinde çalıştığı saptanmıştır. Sendikal algı ile sendikal sadakat arasında pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde ve istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu (r=0,635, p<0,001) ve sendikal algının sendikal sadakatteki değişimin % 39’unu açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Sağlık çalışanlarının sendika algısının sendikal sadakati üzerinde pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu ve sendikal algı ve sendikal sadakatin demografik özelliklere göre farklılaştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Taşıt Motoru Soğutma Sisteminde Kullanılan Farklı Nanoakışkanların Motor Yağ Sıcaklığına Etkilerinin Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: YÜKSEL Tahsin , KAPICIOĞLU Abdullah
Published: April 2021

Baz akışkanlar içerisinde nano boyuttaki partiküllerin kullanılması ile akışkanların ısıl kapasitelerinin arttığı yapılan çalışmalarla bilinen bir olgudur. Bu akışkanları motor soğutma sistemlerinde kullanmak motor performansını olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Fakat bu akışkanların kullanımının motorlardaki diğer parametreleri nasıl etkilediği tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu doğrultuda yapılan bu çalışmada, içten yanmalı motor soğutma sisteminde nanoakışkan desteği ile yapılan soğutmanın, motor yağ sıcaklık değerlerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Soğutma sıvısı olarak, her mevsim şartlarında kullanıma uygun ve yaygın olarak kullanılan etilen glikol-su karışımı (baz akışkan) eşit oranda kullanılmıştır. Baz akışkan içerisine farklı hacimsel oranlarda (%0.1 ve %0.2) farklı nanoakışkanlar (TiO2, Al2O3 ve SiO2) karıştırılarak hazırlanan soğutucuların etkileri deneysel olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada, ortalama 2000 dak-1’da çalıştırılan ve 1400 cm3 motor hacmine sahip gerçek bir taşıt motoru kullanılmıştır. Nanoakışkan kullanımının sağladığı ısı transferindeki artış, motor yağ sıcaklığının daha düşük değerlerde kalmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Motor yağlama yağının %1.5 ile %5 arasında daha soğuk çalışabilmesi imkanı olduğu görülmüştür. En yüksek başarım SiO2 ile %5 civarında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Genelde baz akışkan içerisindeki hacimsel nanoakışkan oranının artması, ısı transfer miktarının arttırmasına ve yağ sıcaklığının daha düşük kalmasına imkân vermiştir.
“Indios altivos e inquietos”. Conflicto y política popular en el tiempo de las sublevaciones: Riobamba en 1764 y Otavalo en 1777
Authors: Salgado Gómez Mireya
Published: April 2021

En su libro sobre los levantamientos indígenas de los corregimientos de Riobamba, en 1764, y Otavalo, en 1777, Mireya Salgado hace añicos la mismísima categoría de “indio,” que ocupa un lugar central en la historiografía colonial. Si miramos de cerca estas dos insurrecciones, encontramos que los protagonistas de uno y otro acontecimiento atravesaron experiencias disímiles de etnogénesis urbana y rural. No obstante, la historiografía insiste en que compartieron una misma identidad colonial, la de “indios”. El trabajo de Salgado es riguroso y provocativo. Demuestra que lo indígena en las Américas es una máscara que oculta diferencias profundas en las dinámicas de rebelión y etnogénesis, es decir en la forma en que comunidades e individuos indígenas siempre se transformaron. Riobamba y Otavalo sufrieron levantamientos indígenas por causas similares: la crisis obrajera, las epidemias y los terremotos de Quito del siglo XVIII. Sin embargo, los levantamientos y los discursos políticos de rebelión fueron radicalmente distintos, a pesar de la cercanía geográfica entre ambos lugares. La obra de Salgado es un aporte importante al estudio de las políticas indígenas desencadenadas por las reformas borbónicas. Debe ser integrada a los estudios de Charles F. Walker, Sergio Serulnikov y Sinclair Thomson sobre los levantamientos de Túpac Amaru en el Cusco y Túpac Katari en el Alto Perú.
THE HISTORY OF SSEU AS A TOOL FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS' FUTURE COMPETENCIES
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Zhabin A.P. , Tagirova N.F. ,   Samara State University of Economics
Published: April 2021

SSEU turns 90 years old. In 2021. This is a good occasion not only for festive celebrations, this is also a reason to think about what the 90-year history of the university means to fulfill its main mission – to educate specialists with higher education who are able to successfully live and work in our rapidly changing world. How much knowledge of history a university graduate needs in general and what kind of history he needs-this difficult question is considered in this article in the context of the anniversary experienced by the university.
MAINTAINABILITY, DESIGN PROCESSES AND BUILDING SERVICES -A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED BUILDINGS IN THE RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Okandu Chioma , Akani Chizy , Brisibe Warebi
Published: April 2021

The paper examines the issues of building maintenance of public buildings from an architectural design-based perspective.It considered the critical role design plays in achieving the optimal functionality of building services throughout the building life span. Design related elements and components which facilitate maintainability are discussed. Institutional buildings at the university in their current state are considered against these dimensions. The research adopts a case study/ review approach. The study focused on multi-story structures existing in the university. Findings of the study reveal poor considerations for maintainability in design processes, resulting in inefficiency of building services on a large scale.
Broader Strokes: The Curricular and Pedagogical Possibilities of Multiage Educational Settings
Authors: Wiechmann Juria , Conn Daniel , Thorpe Leslee
Published: April 2021

Multiage classrooms seem to be an idea of the past, as students in most schools across the country are grouped by age. However, research by Goldman (1981), Rhoades (1966), and Eisner (2003) argue that multiage grouping has significant social, behavioral, and intellectual advantages for students. Using educational criticism and connoisseurship as a methodology, this article examines the accounts of a professor who taught in a multiage school environment within the United States, as well as observations of a multiage school in the Masaka district of Uganda. This study aims to understand how curriculum and pedagogy interact within multiage system, as well as whether those interactions help or hinder students. Through interviews observations, and classroom artifacts, it was found as Perez, Breault, and White (2014) argue curriculum functions as a space, not only a given content trajectory. Additionally, it was found that in creating a space where community was encouraged, the school was able to move toward pedagogy of love.
Dear Mrs. P: An Exploration in the Beliefs of High-Expectations for Individuals with Disabilities
Authors: Chapman Richard
Published: April 2021

This article is a narrative exploring the topic of self-advocacy and self-determination for individuals with disabilities. Through my narrative, I explore ways that we can increase expectations of individuals with disabilities.
Exploring Relationships between Needs and Solutions in Solution Focused Brief Therapy: A Recursive Frame Analysis
Authors: BoVee-Akyurek Annette , Chenail Ronald , Erolin Kara
Published: April 2021

Focus is a critical component in solution focused brief therapy (SFBT; de Shazer et al., 1986), yet little research has been conducted on how SFBT therapists utilize the clients’ focus on their awareness of needs to relationally build solutions (Reiter & Chenail, 2016). To address this gap, we reviewed the notion of utilizing clients’ focus in SFBT conceptually and presented the results of our discovery-oriented qualitative study of a classic training case conducted by one of SFBT’s co-developers, Insoo Kim Berg (1994). We explored how Berg appeared to demonstrate relationally focused solution development. The findings suggest that Berg’s therapeutic style and recursive nature facilitates the clients’ awareness of needs in all stages, tapping into the clients’ internal wisdom to enhance movement towards solutions.
Using an LMS in Teaching English: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Medical Sciences Students’ Evaluations and Suggestions
Authors: Alizadeh Iman
Published: April 2021

In this study, I aimed to discover Iranian medical sciences students’ evaluation of using a Learning Management System (LMS) in teaching English and to collect their suggestions for using the system more efficiently. To collect data, I conducted semi-structured interviews with 38 students. The themes emerging from the qualitative content analysis of the students’ responses were (1) technical advantages (accessibility, and online homework bank), (2) educational gains (learning gains, benefits for professors, and professor-student interaction), (3) logistical benefits (optimizing class time, task management, and logistical support), (4) educational shortcomings (limited instruction, correction and feedback, and academic misconduct), (5) technical limitations (Internet problems, and technical glitches), (6) administrative problems (time mismanagement, and logistical challenges), (7) education development (instruction, educational materials, organizing tests, correction and feedback, and quantity and quality of assignments), (8) LMS platform modifications (offline platform, and upgrading the LMS), and (9) logistics improvement (student support, and time management). Based on the findings, the educational officials should consider the educational, technical and logistical requirements of using the LMS in the university programs, use a field-specific LMS or modify the existing one with an eye to the students’ needs, and improve the infrastructure required for using web-based educational technologies.
A Qualitative Exploration of Teachers’ Experiences with Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder Transitioning and Adjusting to Inclusion: Impacts of the Home and School Collaboration
Authors: Josilowski Chana , Morris Wendy
Published: April 2021

Although inclusive classrooms provide unique opportunities for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), these students face barriers during the initial transition from self-contained classrooms (Sanahuja-Gavaldà, Olmos-Rueda, & Morón-Velasco, 2016). The purpose of this qualitative, generic study was to identify how home and school collaboration impacted the transition and adjustment of students with ASD to an inclusive setting. Using a generic qualitative methodology, we collected data from 16 teachers who responded to a series of open-ended questions about their experiences with parental engagement during the transition to inclusion for students with ASD. Three themes emerged; teachers indicated that when parents and educators collaborated, (a) the students demonstrated improved academic performance, (b) the transition phase progressed more smoothly, and (c) the students achieved better social adjustment. Further, home-school collaboration resulted in teachers’ ability to adjust the curricula to meet the needs of the students, students’ increased motivation to complete tasks, and parents’ willingness to reinforce skills at home.
The Value of a Qualitative Pilot Study in a Multi-Phase Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Williams-McBean Clavia
Published: April 2021

There is debate about the need for pilot studies in qualitative research and limited publications on its usefulness as a part of a mixed methods study which includes a qualitative phase. This qualitative pilot study was a part of a multiphase mixed methods research which investigated the nature of assessment in Jamaican secondary schools. The larger study aimed at developing a model for more effective implementation of formative assessment in the teaching of English at the secondary level. This article discusses the value of pilot studies in qualitative research in general and as a part of a multiphase mixed methods research. The qualitative pilot study was valuable in helping me to refine the research protocols, pre-empt possible challenges and increase my training and confidence in conducting qualitative research. Consequently, it added to the legitimation on the overall mixed methods research. Qualitative pilot studies are necessary especially for novice qualitative and mixed methods researchers.
An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Investigating UK Female Experiences of Psychosocial Adjustment Following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Maxwell Mark
Published: April 2021

The psychosocial impact of bariatric surgery has not been studied as diligently as the physical impact, particularly within the first 6 months following surgery. The aim of the present study was to explore psychosocial adjustment in UK bariatric candidates within this time-scale. Six female participants were purposively recruited to complete a semi-structured interview, and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse their experiences. Four super-ordinate themes emerged from the interview data which were: (1) "It was me but it wasn’t me": pre-surgery identity, (2) "I don’t see myself as this fat blob of a person anymore": transforming identity, (3) "No easy road to weight loss": the challenges of living with stomach restriction, (4) "I’m letting people in more now": re-engaging with others and the world. Participant accounts highlighted a largely positive psychosocial experience following surgery. Results are discussed in support of previous literature and suggest (1) the exploration of identity more thoroughly, and (2) the importance of routine pre- and post-surgery psychosocial support to be incorporated as part of Tier 3 and 4 bariatric services.
Using Affinity Networks to Scaffold Community Collaboration: A Methodological Technique to Support the Use of Qualitative Data in Community-Based Research
Authors: Biddle Catharine , Mette Ian
Published: April 2021

Cooperation is increasingly required to craft solutions to complex problems in our society, while the role of cultivated, academic expertise is being challenged as a model for solving social problems. Participatory or community-based approaches are often suggested as a solution to this dichotomy; however, few analytic methods are purposefully engineered to support this work. Affinity networks combine interviewing with data visualization to produce data analysis that can be easily fed back into collaboratives with community partners. This article provides a step by step introduction to producing affinity networks using Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software, as well as suggestions for using them to advance community partnerships.
Consequences of Sexism in Counselor Education: A Collective Analytic Autoethnography
Authors: Chaney Michael , Freeman Alcia , Boswell Jennifer , Crockett Stephanie , Binkley Erin
Published: April 2021

In this article we used collective analytic autoethnography to explore experiences and perceptions of sexism among five counselor educators. Based on analysis of narrative data, we introduced a model that illustrates how sexism was experienced and given meaning by participants. Sexist events lead to positive (empowerment, sexism externalization, advocacy, and relationships with others) and negative (low self-confidence, internalized sexism, negative affect, institutional sexism) consequences within their personal and professional lives. Implications of this model are discussed and directions for future research are presented.
Preparing Researchers to Conduct Interdisciplinary, Multi-method Qualitative Research
Authors: Roulston Kathryn
Published: April 2021

In this paper I outline ideas for how qualitative research methods might be taught in ways that value difference, promote dialogue, and encourage graduates to engage actively in their disciplines to promote the benefits of qualitative inquiry, locally, nationally and globally. I argue for approaches to teach qualitative inquiry in ways that value (1) interdisciplinarity, in that teaching draws on multiple epistemologies and theoretical approaches to inquiry developed across disciplines; (2) diversity in methodological approaches, in that teaching explores multiple methods to respond to research questions that are continually subject to revision, innovation, and critical analysis; and (3) the knowledge and experiences that students bring to the classroom. The purpose of such an approach to teaching qualitative research is to facilitate spaces where students can grow into capable researchers who are multilingual in theory and methods and communicate across multi-faceted bodily and spatial difference. This is not easy work, and I present several issues we might consider in the teaching of qualitative inquiry. These include recognizing the emotional component in learning qualitative inquiry, experimenting with boundary crossing, moving from prescriptions to ambiguity, designing rigorous qualitative inquiry, dealing with change, and learning to speak to multiple audiences.
EFFECTS OF RECREATIONAL AND ENTERTAINMENT ACTIVITIES ON EMPLOYEES JOB SATISFACTION: A CASE STUDY
Authors:   Bahria University, Karachi., Shujat Sobia
Published: April 2021

Purpose- This study aims to determine the effect of recreational activities including indoor and outdoor games, contests, competitions, festivals and celebrations of various events etc. conducted by organizations on job satisfaction of employees. Methodology/Sample- For this paper, survey and interview method has been used. Structured questionnaire were administered through e-mail to sixty respondents from two companies in the telecommunication sector. Hypothesis testing has been done through 'Regression Analysis' and ANOVA. Findings- The research showed that companies have started changing their old methodology of operating. Because of the swift changes and the highly competitive environment; companies are considering the idea of putting fun and entertaining activities at work. It further shows that fun-filled activities not only results in better interpersonal relationships but also lighten up the traditional work environment while making the workplace comfortable and a less stressful place. Recreational and entertainment activities may bring a positive change in job satisfaction level, but it is not the sole contributor of job satisfaction. Moreover, it can be implied that employees at different level have different needs and desires. For middle and higher level, recreation and entertainment may be important, but lower level management may have different aspirations so fulfilling personal needs of employees is a highly significant aspect that should be taken care of. Practical Implication- The findings of the research is beneficial for the management of organizations to design recreational activities in such a way that fosters the work environment and increase the job satisfaction among employees in Pakistan.
IMPACT OF INFLATION ON TAXES IN PAKISTAN: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF 2000-2010 PERIOD
Authors:   Sindh University Laar Campu,  Badin., Patoli Abdul Qadir
Published: April 2021

Purpose- Aim of this study is to examine the relationship between tax revenue and inflation in Pakistan. It is further measuring the rate of change in a stochastic variable of the taxes, i.e. direct, indirect, and total taxes, with a unit change in inflation in Pakistan with an assumption of other factors remaining constant. Methodology/sample- For this research secondary data for the period of 2000 - 2010 was used. The relationship among the variables is examined at annual effect of same period. The analysis is followed by some statistical tools like correlation, regression and significance test for error factor to test the hypothesis and infer some conclusion. Findings- Findings of the study suggest that inflation and taxes are positively correlated and any change in inflation cause taxes to increase in Pakistan. The inflation in the country explains the behavior of taxes positively, but less than 1. Practical implications-This study can guide the fiscal policy planners to look at this critical position of taxes which are inflation-oriented, rather production or investment oriented. This study also proposes the further study of the relationships of taxes with change in investments and production within the country and also for all fiscal variables in compliance to the change in inflation. Research limitations-The results are based on secondary data, so the reliability is subject to the accuracy of the source. It also encounters the impact of inflation on taxes, which is not only the factor, so the results are based on assumption that other factors are held constant.
EFFECT OF CREDIT RATING ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE: A STUDY ON NON-FINANCIAL FIRMS IN PAKISTAN
Authors:   Bank Al Habib Ltd.
Published: April 2021

Purpose- Aim of this study was to investigate whether the credit rating is an important determinant other than the firm's characteristic to obtain optimal capital structure focusing on the research hypothesis that the firms with higher credit along with the other factors (FTOA, ROA and Size) tend to have more debt in their capital structure of firms rated by P?CR? and Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). Methodology/Sample- For this research, sample size of 48 observations (3 years data of 16 firms) was taken on the basis of convenience sampling. Results obtained by using Ordinary Least Square Model (OLS) as statistical tool to test the hypothesis Findings- Analysis clearly suggested that credit ratings do have an impact on firm's capital structure. It was concluded that firms with higher credit ratings along with other factors (FTOA, ROA and Size) do not tend to have more debt in their capital structure. Implications- Outcomes of this research might help investors, debtors and other stakeholders of the firms (rated by PACRA) to understand the impact of credit rating on firm's debt ratio and the overall dynamics and mechanism of capital structure.
Zinsprognosen in Lateinamerika
Authors: Filiz Ibrahim , Judek Jan René , Lorenz Marco , Spiwoks Markus
Published: April 2021

Wir untersuchen Zinsprognosen für die Geldmärkte in Argentinien, Brasilien, Chile, Mexiko und Venezuela, die im Zeitraum von 2001 bis 2019 in der Zeitschrift Latin American Consensus Forecasts veröffentlicht wurden. Insgesamt handelt es sich um 209 Zeitreihen mit 28.451 einzelnen Zinsprognosen. Diese Studie ist somit weitaus umfassender als alle Vorgängerstudien. Wir wenden den Diebold-Mariano-Test, den Vorzeichentest, den GOVA-Koeffizienten sowie den Test auf Unverzerrtheit an. Es zeigt sich, dass die Prognoseanstrengungen in Brasilien, Chile und Mexiko bemerkenswert erfolgreich sind. Die Prognosegüte in Argentinien und Venezuela bleibt deutlich dahinter zurück.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE SELECTION OF RADIO ELECTRONIC INTELLIGENCE MEANS AT THE STAGE OF ASSESSMENT OF THE SITUATION
Authors: Shevchenko V. S. , Netrebko R. V. , Netrebko А. I. , Zimchuk І. V.
Published: April 2021

The article shows the implementation of the software for the selection of electronic intelligence at the stage of assessing the situation on the basis of theoretical studies conducted by the authors. It is indicated on the basis of which documents the assessment of the situation with the choice of electronic reconnaissance means is carried out, what stages this process consists of, what is needed for the selection of electronic reconnaissance means. The design of information flows of the program for the selection of electronic intelligence means at the stage of assessing the situation with the help of Data Flow Diagrams. The general block diagram of algorithm of work of the software of a choice of means of electronic reconnaissance at a stage of an assessment of a situation is constructed. On the basis of the conducted researches the database for storage of the list of means of electronic reconnaissance is developed. The prototype of the software for the selection of electronic intelligence means at the stage of situation assessment is implemented and examples of work on each of the main blocks are given in the form of screenshots, which were pre-designed in diagrams and block diagrams of algorithms. The advantages and disadvantages of the developed software for the selection of electronic reconnaissance means at the stage of situation assessment are determined. The further steps of research and improvement of the program of a choice of means of radio-electronic intelligence at a stage of an assessment of a situation are specified.
PARADIGM OF RESISTANCE TO INTELLIGENCE AND IMPACT UNLIMITED AIRCRAFT COMPLEXES
Authors: Ishchenco D. A. , Kyryliuk V. A. , Ishchenco S. D. , Maryshchuk L. M.
Published: April 2021

The work shows the relevance of the problem of countering reconnaissance and strike unmanned aircraft systems and the need to improve the scientific and methodological support of its solution according to a certain corresponding paradigm.
In the work as a paradigm of countering unmanned aerial systems, it is proposed to consider a conceptual theoretical and methodological model of combating unmanned aerial vehicles, which currently provides opportunities for identifying the problems of developing forces and means of countering unmanned aerial systems.
The developed paradigm of counteraction can be an element of scientific and methodological support, contributes to the solution of the problem of the complex use of forces and means of counteraction to reconnaissance and strike unmanned aircraft systems in order to acquire the capabilities of troops (forces) to perform tasks as intended in the conditions of the use of unmanned vehicles.
The recognition of such a paradigm by specialists determines that their activities are based on the accepted model of countering unmanned aircraft systems, using the same rules and standards established in the industry. The generality and consistency of approaches that they provide are prerequisites for ensuring the required scientific level of a certain direction of research.
The proposed approach outlines the tasks, content, components, principles of assessment of means of counteraction to unmanned aerial vehicles by contributing to the effectiveness of the system of protection of the object from reconnaissance and strike (shock) systems of the enemy, which systematizes knowledge in the subject area. problems of modern armed struggle.
The prospect of further research is to clarify the mathematical calculations in accordance with the characteristics of troops (forces), military facility, protection system against reconnaissance and strike (strike) unmanned aerial vehicles of the enemy and samples of military equipment that are part of it.
ANALYSIS OF THE ABILITY OF LECTURERS IN THE USE OF ONLINE LEARNING MEDIA IN THE FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND KEGURUAN (FTK) UIN AR-RANIRY BANDA ACEH
Authors: Fathiah Fathiah , Nelli Raharti  , Muhammad Rizal Fachri
Published: April 2021

This study aims to describe lecturers' ability to use online learning media at the Tarbiyah and Keguruan Faculty of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh in the learning process. This study used a quantitative descriptive research design. Research subjects are lecturers who actively teach in the odd semester of 2020/2021. Meanwhile, 42 people were randomly selected as samples. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that lecturers' ability with indicators of skills in using online learning media obtained an average value of 79.29%, which means that, on average, the lecturers were able to use online learning media well. The ability of lecturers with indicators of skills in managing online learning is obtained an average value of 67.56%, which means that the lecturer can manage online learning well.
A Compact CPW-Fed UWB Antenna with Dual-Band Notched Characteristics for WiMAX/WLAN Applications
Authors: Aldhaheri Rabah , Alruhaili Ibrahim , Babu Kamili , Sheikh Muntasir
Published: April 2021

A dual-notched bands ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed is presented in the paper. The two notched bands are selected at 3.5 and 5.8 GHz frequencies to overcome the interference from WiMAX and WLAN bands. The overall size of the antenna is 17.5×17.5 mm2, which can be considered as one of the smallest UWB antennas in the literature. The developed antenna has an impedance band width ranging
from 2.9 to 13 GHz. The measured radiation patterns on E and H planes are nearly omni-directional and stable with acceptable gain over the entire band. The dual-band notched at WiMAX and WLAN is created by embedding I-shaped and C-shaped stubs in the radiation patch of the antenna. Due to the compactness, good radiation patterns and the reasonable stable gain, this antenna is well suited for integration into portable wireless communications devices for UWB applications.
Symptomatic Myxoma of the Left Atrium Enclosed In the Mitrate Valve: Case Report
Authors:   Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Mohammed VI, University Mohammed the First, Oujda, Morocco, Nhiri R.
Published: April 2021

We report the case of a myxoma of the left atrium in a patient aged 73, who presented for lipothymic discomfort. Echocardiography was used to diagnose an hypermobile myxoma attached to the interauricular septum with haemodynamic impact. Support was limited because of the very small technical platform.
La Educación Física bilingüe como forma de motivar hacia el aprendizaje en una lengua extranjera. Estudio preliminar basado en el Modelo Trans-Contextual (Bilingual Physical Education as a way to motivate learning in a foreign language. Preliminary study
Authors: Fernández-Barrionuevo Eliseo , Baena-Extremera Antonio , Villoria Prieto Javier
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar la relación entre la percepción de un clima de apoyo a la autonomía, la motivación autónoma en Educación Física (EF) y el aprendizaje en Lengua Extranjera (LE), la Disposición a comunicarse en LE para las cuatro destrezas lingüísticas, y las calificaciones en el área de LE. La muestra de este estudio preliminar se compuso de 401 estudiantes (169 chicos y 232 chicas), con una edad media de 13.7 años, de cursos de primero de ESO a primero de Bachillerato de la provincia de Almería. Se utilizó un cuestionario con diversas preguntas y con la escala Language Learning Orientations Scale-Intrinsic Motivation, el cuestionario de Extrinsic Motivation and Amotivation Subscales, el Sport Motivation Scale para la EF, el Learning Climate Questionnaire y la escala Willingness to Communicate in the Classroom. Se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos, de correlación y modelos estructurales. Como conclusión, se puede afirmar que en el caso de la motivación autónoma en EF AICLE, existe un “salto trans-contextual” del contexto de la EF al de la LE.
Palabras clave: Educación Física, enseñanza, bilingüismo, lengua extranjera, Modelo Trans-Contextual.
 
Abstract: The aim of this research was to study the relationship between the perception of a climate of support for autonomy, autonomous motivation in Physical Education PE and learning in Foreign Language (LE), the Willingness to communicate in FL for the four linguistic skills, and the qualifications in the area of ​​LE. The sample of this preliminary study consisted of 401 students (169 boys and 232 girls), with an average age of 13.7 years, of courses from first of ESO to first of Bachelor´s degree of the province of Almería. A questionnaire was used with several questions and with the Language Learning Orientations Scale-Intrinsic Motivation scale, the Extrinsic Motivation and Amotivation Subscales questionnaire, the Sport Motivation Scale for EF, the Learning Climate Questionnaire and the Willingness to Communicate in the Classroom scale. Descriptive analyzes, correlation and structural models were carried out. In conclusion, it can be affirmed that in the case of autonomous motivation in CLIL EF, there is a “trans-contextual leap” from the context of the PE to that of the FL.