bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing System Resources and Adaptive Load Balancing Framework Leveraging ACO and Reinforcement Learning Algorithms
Authors: S. A. Mahajan ,Lalit Patil Minal Shahakar,
Published: April 2024

In today's constantly changing computer settings, the most important things for improving speed and keeping stability are making the best use of system resources and making sure that load balancing works well. To achieve flexible load balancing and resource optimization, this study suggests a new system that combines the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods. The structure is meant to help with the problems that come up when tasks and resource needs change in big spread systems. ACO is based on how ants find food and is used to change how jobs are distributed among computer nodes based on local knowledge and scent tracks. This autonomous method makes it easy to quickly look for solutions and adjust to new situations. In addition to ACO, RL methods are used to learn about and adjust to how the system changes over time. By planning load balancing as a series of decisions, RL agents are able to keep improving their rules so that the system works better and resources are used more efficiently. Agents learn the best ways to divide up tasks and use resources by interacting with the world and getting feedback. The suggested system works in a spread way, which makes it scalable and reliable in a variety of settings. The system changes its behavior on the fly to react to changing tasks and resource availability by using the group intelligence of ACO and the flexibility of RL. The system can also handle different improvement goals and limitations, which makes it flexible and usable in a range of situations. The suggested approach works better than standard load balancing methods at improving system performance, lowering reaction times, and making the best use of resources, as shown by the results of experiments. Using the strengths of the ACO and RL algorithms, this structure looks like a good way to deal with the complexity of current computer systems and make good use of resources in changing settings
A Hybrid Perspective on Threat Analysis and Activity-Based Attack Modeling for Strengthening Access Control in IoT
Authors: Parikshit N. Mahalle,Gitanjali Rahul Shinde,Nilesh P. Sable Sayali Renuse,
Published: April 2024

The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has resulted in an unparalleled surge in the production of data and interconnectivity. Nevertheless, as IoT ecosystems become increasingly intricate, security concerns become of utmost importance, particularly in access control systems. The objective of this research is to improve the security of IoT access control by utilizing a hybrid model for analyzing threats and modeling attacks based on activities. This study has two primary objectives: a) A hybrid classification model is used to predict labels (attack or not) in binary classification with an impressive accuracy of 98.18%. b) Another hybrid classification model is employed to predict types of attacks in M2M communication, achieving a commendable accuracy of 90%. The primary goal is to create and assess a hybrid classification model for binary classification. This model will differentiate between regular system behavior and malicious attacks on access control schemes in the Internet of Things (IoT). The hybrid model, which combines the strengths of Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, achieves an exceptional accuracy rate of 98.18%. The model's high accuracy demonstrates its effectiveness in precisely detecting potential threats and minimizing false positives, thereby establishing a strong basis for improving access control security. The second objective focuses on the complex area of security, with the goal of categorizing distinct forms of attacks in Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication within the Internet of Things (IoT) framework. The hybrid classification model, employing both GRU and LSTM networks, achieves a remarkable accuracy of 90%. This accomplishment showcases the model's aptitude in detecting and distinguishing different types of attacks, including Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) and Man-in-the-Middle attacks. The hybrid model provides security professionals with valuable insights to proactively respond to diverse threats in M2M communication by accurately classifying attack types. This strengthens the overall security posture of IoT access control systems. Overall, this study offers a thorough and efficient combination of threat analysis and activity-based attack modeling to enhance access control in IoT. The obtained accuracies in binary classification and prediction of attack types highlight the practical usability of the suggested hybrid model, establishing a strong basis for improving the security of IoT access control systems against evolving cyber threats
Automatic Classification of Stegano files using the features of Natural Language Processing and hybrid Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Ashish Sharma Ayushi Chaudhary ,
Published: April 2024

The corporate sector has adopted communication as its principal medium due to the improvements of the digital era. In the past, in-person meetings, purchases, settlements, business talks, and profile-taking were all done. However, everything has gone digital in the present period. Over the last several years, there has been a noticeable exponential rise in the amount of complicated texts and documents that require a deeper comprehension of machine learning techniques in order to recognize languages in a variety of applications. Outstanding results in the processing of natural languages have been obtained by a number of Artificial Intelligent techniques. A key component of machine learning and deep learning techniques' efficacy is their capacity to understand intricate models and non-linear connections in data. Choosing the right architecture, frameworks, and algorithms for classifying input, like text files, managing audio and video files, however, is a difficult undertaking. The proposed work's goal is to identify text, audio messages, chatbots, and smart records using natural language processing. Using a hybrid deep learning approach, text, voice, and video recordings are used as inputs to be classified. Problem Synopsis: With contact becoming more and more important to business, companies have created advanced NLP programs. Through chatbots, digital records, phone conversations, and messages, these NLP swiftly fulfil human desires. Customer preferences, desires, and demands have been found to be more strongly impacted by the ease of communication and connection. Today's service providers use chatbots, digital records, messaging apps, email, and phone conversations as their main methods of communication for almost all of their trade channels of preference, client queries, and transactions. Proposed Method: The study shows how input stegano file is processed automatically based on user reactions, text message replies, and audio record identification during communications using text content, voice messages, and audio using the features of Natural Language Processing and hybrid Deep Learning Algorithms
Artificial Intelligence 2d, 3d-Dron Image Technique for Insecticides Detection by Henry Garrett Ranking Method and the High-Density Growth
Authors: Tawheed Nabi Imtiyaz Majid
Published: April 2024

The ultra high density plant has an accuracy of 91.3% to grow that is why the ultra high density is the first choice of apple growers. With 107.10 million metric tons, India stands 2nd in the world in fruit production. These apple orchards are simple for other orchardists and they attract new apple growers who are going to establish them. The producer of an ultra-high density apple should be conscious that the grower should obtain a leader of 18-24 inches in 1st year and 30-36 inches in 2nd and 3rd year, so that the apple plant will grow fast. The apple grower will reduce production in starting 4 years, so that in future he will get good returns. Out of 140 growers, in 28 pre tested was done in 2022-2023 in both districts. Through Henry Garrett Ranking method this paper explains the challenges faced by growers while growing high density apple and use of new technology like drones for the spray of pesticides, 2D and 3D photos to detect insectsides of ultra high density apple orchards in Jammu and Kashmir.
Analysis on Privacy Preserving Clustering Methods for Big Datasets Using Random Number Generators
Authors: B. Sujatha Kavitha Guda ,K. Kavitha ,
Published: April 2024

Due to the growing requirement for powerful processing capabilities, safeguarding and processing sensitive data in big data systems has become an increasingly prevalent issue. Additional effort is required to secure sensitive data on a system with numerous connections, each of which has its own privacy policy, and to exchange cryptographic keys in accordance with the appropriate protocols for each of these parties. Data encrypted using homomorphic encryption algorithms can undergo the same kinds of arithmetic operations as data encrypted using plaintext. This allows for the outsourcing of computations to cloud services while also providing data privacy by processing in the encrypted domain. Also, key exchange sessions become easier for everyone involved because of this. This study presents new privacy-preserving clustering algorithms and homomorphic encryption systems that may together operate on a shared HPC infrastructure, like the cloud. Therefore, it is not necessary for the participants in this system to have a lot of processing power, as the system would distribute the most power-intensive jobs to any provider of cloud computing. Multiple clustering techniques can have their distance matrices computed in a way that does not compromise user privacy using our technology.
Analysis of Human Voice for Speaker Recognition: Concepts and Advancement
Authors: Sumit Srivastava Khushboo Jha, Aruna Jain
Published: April 2024

Human voice or speech is a contactless, non-invasive biometric trait for human recognition, easy to use with minimal computer complexity and inexpensive to implement. Speaker recognition (SR) has turned out to be a magnificent approach using speech as the central premise since decades. Its broad range of usages, like forensic speech verification to identify culprits by law enforcement authorities and access control to mobile banking, mobile shopping, etc., has made it a lucrative area of research. Also, the ease of use and dependability of SR will significantly assist people with disabilities in securely accessing and reaping the benefits of digital-era services. Additionally, the emergence of numerous deep learning methods for feature extraction and classification, has helped SR to achieve tremendous progress. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the progression of SR for decades till the present, including integration with Blockchain and challenges. It covers most of the factors that influence SR performance such as fundamentals and structure of SR, different speech pre-processing techniques, various speech features, feature extraction techniques, traditional and neural network-based classification techniques and deep learning-based SR toolkits. As a consequence, in this digital Blockchain  era, it will help to design robust and reliable recognition-based services for mankind.
Enhancing Secure and Reliable Data Transfer through Robust Integrity
Authors: K Ravindranath P Raja Sekhar Reddy ,
Published: April 2024

Cloud computing has emerged as a highly efficient platform that allows multiple users to access various services through virtualization on a shared physical network. The participants in a Cloud Computing (CC) environment include Cloud Service Providers (CSP), Consumers, Brokers, and Auditors. The advantages of cloud storage, such as universal network access, convenience, and scalability, have led to data owners preferring to store their data on remote servers. However, the transfer of outsourced data has become a critical requirement for cloud users due to the availability of different cloud storage services with varying quality of services.
One major challenge in this context is ensuring the security of secret keys and data integrity. There is no guarantee of data integrity when storing data on an untrusted cloud server. To address this issue, this paper proposes a secure and efficient data integrity verification scheme for cloud storage services. The scheme utilizes a key-homomorphic cryptographic primitive to reduce system complexity and eliminate the need for a public key authentication framework based on a public key infrastructure (PKI) in the data integrity checking protocol. By employing this approach, the proposed method ensures the integrity of remote data stored on cloud servers. Through security analysis and empirical evaluation, it is demonstrated that our scheme is both practical and effective for securely sharing records with multiple owners in cloud computing.
Optimized Federated Learning Algorithm for Breast Cancer Detection Using the Marine Predators Algorithm
Authors: Jitendra Kumar Mishra Ashish R. Dandekar, Avinash Sharma,
Published: April 2024

Breast cancer stands as the leading cause of cancer-related fatalities among women worldwide, necessitating effective detection methods. However, the current landscape of breast cancer detection poses several challenges, including high costs, complexity, and suboptimal accuracy rates. In response, this paper presents a pioneering approach to breast cancer detection leveraging federated learning, a paradigm that allows model training across distributed data sources without centralized data sharing. Central to this novel detection model is the integration of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture and a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm known as the marine predator's algorithm (MPA). CNNs have emerged as powerful tools for biomedical image analysis, enabling automatic feature extraction crucial for detecting abnormalities in medical images. However, optimizing CNNs for detection tasks requires meticulous tuning of hyperparameters across different layers, a process impractical to perform manually due to its complexity and time-intensive nature. To address this challenge, the paper proposes the utilization of the MPA as an optimization algorithm within the federated learning framework. The MPA, inspired by the foraging behaviour of marine predators, enhances the exploration-exploitation trade-off to prevent the model from getting stuck in local optima during training. By incorporating the MPA into the CNN architecture, the proposed model achieves remarkable testing accuracy, surpassing the performance of traditional DCNN models. During testing, the proposed model attained an impressive accuracy rate of 98.32%, showcasing its superior performance compared to the DCNN model, which achieved a 95.95% accuracy. Moreover, the proposed approach outperforms existing algorithms, achieving an accuracy rate of 98%. These results underscore the effectiveness of the federated learning-based approach in enhancing breast cancer detection accuracy. the proposed breast cancer detection model represents a significant advancement in the field, offering a highly accurate and efficient solution to overcome the challenges associated with traditional detection methods. By leveraging federated learning and innovative optimization techniques, this model holds promise for improving early detection rates, ultimately contributing to better patient outcomes in the fight against breast cancer
Microwave Loaded Line Phase Shifter Design for Beam-steering Applications in Adaptive Array Antenna System
Authors: Shalaka N. Chaphekar, Haripriya H. Kulkarni, Pranita Chavan Vidya P. Kodgirwar, Vidula S. Jape,
Published: April 2024

In this scholarly work, we present innovative design for Loaded Line Phase Shifter (LLPS) which is tailored for the dynamic requirements of beam-steering adaptive antenna arrays. This phase shifter plays a pivotal role by installing a precise 90o phase shift into the elements of the adaptive array, enabling beam switching in diverse directions. In the absence of the Loaded Line Phase Shifter, the S-Parameter values, specifically S11 and S21, are recorded at 158.88o and -23.72o, respectively. Upon integrating the LLPS into the transmission line, a remarkable transformation occurs with S11 and S21 values transitioning to -143.28o and -53.03o, correspondingly. These results hold great promise for the practical applications of adaptive antenna arrays.
Odors Detection and Recognition Based on Intelligent E-Nose
Authors: Ayad A. Al-Ani Husam K. Salih
Published: April 2024

Electronic noses have become more common as a result of developments in sensor technology, machine learning (ML), and Artificial Intelligence (AI). At the moment, the majority of e-nose research is conducted in laboratories; access from other locations is not possible with e-nose.  Very few real-time smell detection applications, including tiny drones equipped with commercial gas sensors or biosensors made of insect antennas, have been created. The scope of this work is to design an intelligent E-Nose for odors detection. Smell Inspector developer kit has been used to get measurements. The Smell Inspector consists of sensors for temperature and humidity in addition to four smell iX16 chips. The Smell Inspector creates digital fragrance fingerprints using a variety of separate gas detectors. The approach for object recognition and classification using artificial intelligence techniques is presented in this paper. These techniques include Machine Learning (ML), clustering, and regression algorithms. Using the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm, the experimental results' array sensors were able to recognize; clean air, onion, garlic, coffee, spices, lemon, vinegar, gasoline, petrol, diesel, and perfumes with 78% accuracy rate.
A Study on Problems and Prospects in Garment Industry in MP
Authors: Dr. Ankur Randhelia Akash Kumar Choudhary, Dr. Tanveer Akhtar Khan,
Published: April 2024

India has one of the greatest apparel industries in the world. The door to India's incredibly innovative textile and apparel business is opened by this incredibly well-run sector, which includes garment makers, exporters, suppliers, stockists, and wholesalers. India's ready-to-wear line is incredibly well-liked worldwide. In India, the clothing and textile industries play a special and significant role. The industry, which was among the first in the nation to emerge, is responsible for 14% of the nation's industrial production, almost 30% of its exports, and the creation of jobs, second only to agriculture. Indian clothing has becoming more popular internationally due to its high quality, longevity, and attractiveness.
The Battle for Repairability: Navigating Intellectual Property Rights
Authors: Sahu Ms. Namrata
Published: April 2024

The “right to repair” movement allows consumers freedom to choose how they repair their product, either by themselves or choosing any third party repair service provider, instead of being obligated to return to the original manufacturer for repairs. When a product becomes non-functional or obsolete, consumers may decide whether to repair or replace it. But this choice is influenced by different factors taking into account cost, quality of repair services, convenience of repair services, as well as consumer preferences for newer and better products. The movement aims to pressure manufacturers to make spare parts, tools, and repair guides available for their products, extending their lifespan with the goal of reducing electronic waste. Replacement with a new product and throwing away the old ones is the growing concern as it leads to generation of electronic-waste. Manufacturer’s opposition to the movement stems from concerns about intellectual property and proprietary information theft. This has sparked debates around protecting intellectual property while ensuring consumer rights and safety, promoting sustainability, and competition.  The paper aims to explore the relationship between “Right to Repair” movement and intellectual property rights, and to find a harmonious construct between these competing interests. It posits that a collaborative effort is necessary to find a solution that strikes the right balance, and enables a sustainable future for generations to come.
Military culture: Understanding deeper dynamics through the warrior archetype
Authors: OUELLET Eric
Published: April 2024

This paper proposes a new psycho-sociological approach to understanding military culture change, built on the notion of warrior archetype, in line with psychiatrist Carl Jung’s concept of archetype. It contends that military culture and its related institutional forms fundamentally seek to mobilize on an ongoing basis human energy produced through the activation of the warrior archetype. The archetype is built on enhancing feelings of strength in numbers, and empowerment through socially sanctioned actions and potential use of violence. It uses the example of the Canadian Armed Forces culture change effort to illustrate that any such planned organizational culture change will fail if it does not remain consistent with activating the warrior archetype, as its central dynamic and purpose.
The need for an integrated model of smart warfare
Authors: BLĂNARU Matei
Published: April 2024

Unfortunately, the war in Ukraine and many other events or processes taking place all over the world show us that perhaps there can be no smart peace unless we are ready to fight a smart war. Both against conventional or unconventional enemies, both regarding symmetrical or asymmetrical warfare. And if we are beginning to see our society in terms of smart governance, smart education, smart economy or smart people, which means we see it in terms of smart peace and smart society, then there is definitely the need to see war and conflict in an integrated, compact vision of smart war. We use observation to point out how a large series of contemporary events and processes, starting from cybersecurity issues, aerial, terrestrial, or maritime drones, electronic warfare equipment meant to counter these drones, propaganda, and disinformation easily spread through rapid smart means of worldwide mass communication, and of course, Artificial Intelligence, microprocessors, or fledgling space warfare where satellites can be used to attack rival satellites, need to be addressed in an inclusive, integrated conceptual approach of smart warfare focused on the future and not as separate events or developments patched up upon conventional warfare equipment or thinking. We need to understand that “smartness” is all about peace, but all about war as well, if we want a smart peace to last or if we want to be able to defend it, as Romania has a definitely defensive strategy. We are building a smart peace, but we have to prepare for a smart war as well.
Modeling rifle section reconnaissance patrol formation
Authors: ŽNIDARŠIČ Vinko , PAVLOVIĆ Velibor , VARGA Aleksandar
Published: April 2024

The successful execution of reconnaissance patrols by rifle section commanders hinges on their ability to adeptly organize their soldiers into effective formations. These formations must ensure both the safety and efficacy of the soldiers and the mission at hand. Inefficient utilization of human and material resources within rifle sections assuming the role of reconnaissance patrols can detrimentally impact the combat readiness of higher echelon units. This paper aims to explore the optimization of rifle section organizational structures by aligning them with regulations and effectively balancing capabilities with requirements. By comparing prescribed protocols in the Serbian Armed Forces with commanders’ practical insights and utilizing scientific methodologies to evaluate various scenarios, this research endeavors to distill one or several generalized rifle section reconnaissance formations applicable across a spectrum of situations.
Narrative strategies in action – text, form, and context
Authors: CIORNEI Anca
Published: April 2024

The major changes in the global security environment that took place at the end of the last millennium continue to deeply mark the first quarter of the 21st century, characterized by substantial changes in the classical instruments used in conducting a conflict. Also, the transformation of the informational environment has led to the emergence, development, adaptation, and contextualization of the use of strategic narratives with the aim of influencing people’s perceptions of the actions of power states and producing effects in the sense desired by them.The purpose of this article is to subject strategic narratives to attention, as part of contemporary hybrid confrontations, aiming to bring a better understanding of this subject, observing how they are used and with what effects, depending on the form in which they appear. Moreover, the article proposes a multilevel conceptual delimitation, approaching strategic narratives from the perspectives of text, context, and form, as highlighted in the most recent research in the specialized field. We will also consider their use in an allied context, with reference to working documents that NATO uses in strategic communication to influence target groups and audiences, both internal and external.
An Analysis on the Impact of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Changes on the Land Surface Temperature (LST) using Satellite Imagery in the West Bank, Palestine
Authors: Ghodieh Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) on the Land Surface Temperature (LST) in the West Bank, Palestine, using multitemporal satellite imagery. Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI data were used in the study. The Landsat 5 TM data was acquired on March 29, 2001, while the Landsat 8 OLI data was acquired on April 05, 2021. The NDVI and the LST for the two images were then calculated from the two images using ArcGIS 10.8 software. Results of the study showed that the NDVI of the 2021 image was much higher than that of the 2001 image. The mean NDVI of the 2001 image was 0.25, while that of the 2021 image was 0.32. As for the LST, the mean LST of the 2001 image was 29.85 °C, while that of the 2021 image was 26.98 °C. Around 74.7% of the West Bank lands recorded an inverse relationship between the NDVI change and the LST change between 2001 and 2021. Around 25.3% of the West Bank lands recorded a positive relationship. In other words, the study depicted the impact of the NDVI on the LST in the West Bank. The study recommends that policymakers need to increase the green areas in the West Bank to reduce the LST as this is seen to affect the climate conditions in the area.

Keywords: LST, NDVI, West Bank, Palestine, Landsat data.
Social processes in Modern Georgia: Is There any Potential for the Development of Russian-Georgian Cooperation?
Authors: Tsikhelashvili N. Sh. , Gikashvili G. V. , Sikharulidze A. T. , Khotivrishvili A. A. , Tsopurashvili G. , Rtskhiladze G.
Published: April 2024

The authors of the article, participants in the discussion “Georgia’s Communication Regime: Development Trends,” presented their views on social processes in modern Georgia. It is substantiated that the spiritual ties between Georgians and Russians are based on Orthodoxy and the mutual assistance that Russians and Georgians have provided to each other for centuries. The historical and cultural origins of Russian-Georgian relations are examined. The common historical past contributed to the interpenetration of cultures and traditions. However, under the influence of Western ideologies, a large part of modern Georgian youth has formed a different worldview. The authors of the article propose how to overcome the ideological gap through the implementation of cultural projects. Promising areas of cooperation between Russia and Georgia are considered in the absence of diplomatic relations and the anti-Russian position of the Georgian authorities. Youth communications and cooperation in the economy (primarily in agriculture) are also promising. The following risks of cooperation are considered: the unresolved issue of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, fluctuations of the political elites of Georgia, the chaotic nature of the Georgian economy, the role of anti-Russian position of Russians in Georgia, insufficient work with Georgian society on the Russian side and the need to activate the potential of the Georgian diaspora in Russia.

The article was prepared based on the materials of the international round table “Georgia’s Communication Regime: Development Trends” (conducted by the National Research Institute for the Communications Development in December 2023).
Communication Regime in Georgia: Dialogue in the Context of Severed Diplomatic Relations
Authors: Skvortsova N. A. , Abazov D. A.
Published: April 2024

This article presents the results of a research on the information and communication situation in Georgia, the role and importance of national and foreign communication resources, conducted by the annual monitoring of the friendliness of communication regimes of the National Research Institute of Communication Development (NRICD). The authors examined the main challenges and threats in the communication regime of the two countries. The article reveals the latent problems of the communication regime, including the concentration of media in the hands of a narrow circle of individuals and political forces, as well as the increasing politicization of information. The article examines the peculiarities of presentation of news materials that shape anti-Russian rhetoric and agenda. The communication regime between the two countries is largely determined by the continuing tension around the Tskhinvali region and Abkhazia, as well as the instability of the internal political situation. The increasing fragmentation of Georgian society, the extreme polarization of various political forces, and the growing role of non-regional actors have a great impact on Georgian political discourse and official rhetoric and serve as a facilitator for the complication of bilateral relations.

The article uses the materials of the annual monitoring of the communication regimes of post-Soviet countries. Monitoring is provided by the National Research Institute for the Communications Development (Moscow).
On the Actualisation of Archaics
Authors: Egorov V. K.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the dominant methods in Russian humanities for understanding the phenomenon of actualization of the archaic. Some researchers, when analyzing the archaization of modern societies from the perspective of political science and history, philosophy of history, politics, culture and religion, put forward concepts that focus on the search for key factors that determine the development trends of almost all countries, peoples, and civilizations. At the same time, for example, A. S. Akhiezer and B. M. Kondorsky proceed from non-coinciding basic foundations. More and more experts believe that it is necessary to consider the actualization of the archaic, taking into account the uniqueness of their historical, cultural and civilizational development. Among the authors adhering to this research, philosophical paradigm, it should be noted V. G. Fedotov, A. A. Belomytseva, V. B. Zemskova, A. V. Rubanova, A. P. Sitnikova, M. S. Uvarova and others. A study is underway of the specifics of transformation and modernization of cultural heritage values, including archaics, in politics and economics, in the social sphere, and the influence of ethno-confessional and civilizational characteristics of various regions on these processes. Reflections and conclusions formulate a vision of the most promising ways of developing the phenomena under consideration.
What is 'Nudging' and How Does it Change Behaviour in Education?
Authors: Koomar Saalim
Published: April 2024

This Learning Brief is part of the EdTech Hub Learning Brief Series, providing practical resources for people working to improve the use of technology in education. In this brief, we look at the behaviour change strategy of leveraging concise messages at strategic decision points (i.e., ‘nudging’) to influence the behaviour of a recipient towards a desired outcome.
We focus on EdTech Hub’s work concerning nudge messaging. It builds on work from messaging interventions in Ghana and Kenya, linking these to the broader literature on the topic. It emphasises that although there is a strong and growing evidence base for nudge technologies, effective implementation remains dependent upon context-specific adaptation. It is not inevitable that nudge messaging interventions will lead to positive outcomes — indeed, outcomes are often mixed. It is therefore vital to understand the specific impacts of interventions on particular groups of recipients.
We present findings and recommendations that should inform how nudging technologies in education are approached and what decision-makers need to consider in order to ensure uptake and minimise risks.
Lastly, we explore areas that require further research, namely, the changing nature of nudging due to artificial intelligence, the safeguarding risks of nudging, persisting questions about cost-effectiveness, and how nudging can more specifically target learning.

Keywords:
Behavioural psychology; EdTech; education; messaging; nudging; participation
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org/
ANAYA SOYBAĞININ REDDİ DAVASI AÇMA HAKKI TANINMASI: OLMASI GEREKEN HUKUK BAKIMINDAN ÖNERİLER
Authors: Güvenç Özgür
Published: April 2024

Soybağının reddi davası, babalık karinesi uyarınca baba sayılan koca ile çocuk arasındaki soybağını ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla açılan davadır. Türk kanun koyucusu, çocuğun anasına, bu davayı açarak çocukla baba arasındaki soybağını ortadan kaldırma hakkı tanımamıştır. Ancak Anayasa Mahkemesi, yakın tarihli bir kararında anaya bu hakkın tanınmamasının ananın özel hayatına saygı gösterilmesini isteme hakkını ihlal edebileceği gerekçesiyle TMK m. 286/I’i, AY m. 20 ve m. 40’a aykırı bularak iptal etmiştir. Kanun’da, çocuğun menfaatinin soybağının reddini gerektirdiği hâllerde dahi anaya bu davayı açma imkânının tanınmamış olması, ananın, özel hayatına saygı gösterilmesini isteme hakkına meşru sınırların ötesinde bir müdahale teşkil eder. Bu açıdan Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin iptal kararı yerindedir. İptal edilen TMK m. 286/I hükmünün yerine yapılacak düzenlemede, çocuğun sosyal babalık ilişkisinin tesisine ve korunmasına yönelik menfaatinin, ananın özel hayatına saygı gösterilmesini istemeye yönelik menfaatine nazaran öncelikli olduğu göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu doğrultuda ananın soybağının reddi davası açma hakkı iki yönden sınırlandırılmalıdır. İlk olarak söz konusu hak, çocuğun doğumundan itibaren bir yıllık hak düşürücü süreye tâbi olmalıdır. İkinci olarak ise ana, bu bir yıllık süre içinde dahi, ancak çocuğun menfaatinin kocayla olan soybağının korunmasını gerektirmemesi şartıyla soybağının reddi davası açabilmelidir.
Quantifying the nonlinear factors of urban shrinkage: A case study in Heilongjiang Province, China
Authors: Yi Xianjian , Gu Xinyue , Zhong Qiru
Published: April 2024

With urbanization, urban shrinkage has become a more prevalent and severe global problem. Although many studies have explored it, most of them lack precision, and the complex nonlinear causal mechanisms of urban shrinkage are still poorly understood. Therefore, based on the background of the transformation of traditional industrial cities in China, this research selects Heilongjiang Province as a typical case study and quantify the spatial pattern of shrinking cities. Furthermore, from a nonlinear relational perspective, the complex mechanism of urban shrinkage is revealed by using LightGBM. The results show that the area experienced a large-scale comprehensive shrinkage and severe shrinkage in some areas, while also generating scattered population clusters. In addition, the economic and industrial structure are still the most influential factors for population change, and the industrial structure transformation is still the main obstacle for its development. The research results are conducive to elevating the awareness of urban shrinkage in industrial cities and providing some theoretical guidance for sustainable development.
The Difficulties and Explorations of Old Community Retrofitting Based on the Sponge City Concept - The case of 240 community in the old urban area of Xi'an
Authors: Zhao Yi
Published: April 2024

The rapid development of China's urban modernization has become an important driving force for the flourishing of various economic, social and cultural sectors. At the same time, the process of urbanization has led to the serious phenomenon of "urban diseases", particularly urban water problems. To effectively mitigate the negative impacts of urban floods and droughts, China has proposed a nature-based solution - the sponge city concept. Furthermore, urban renewal initiatives and the Old Urban Renewal Programme (OURP) are vital components in sustainable development to ensure quality urban development and enhance residents' health and well-being.
Study on the Tourist Traffic Characteristics of People Entering Tibet and People in the Area
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Hong Bin
Published: April 2024

Because Tibet's unique geographic location creates different modes of tourist transportation, this paper aims to study its tourist travel modes as well as transportation accessibility to tourist attractions. It has two parts: in-region and out-of-region.(This article "in-region" refers to in Tibet and "out-of-region" refers to out of Tibet.)Research on the transportation mode of people entering Tibet from outside the region: calculate the utility value of different travel transportation modes, establish a sharing rate model to get the respective rate of transportation modes entering Tibet, and get the characteristics of travel transportation outside the region based on the above research. Research on travel traffic network of people in the region: observe the spatial distribution of tourist attractions in each area of Tibet based on the differentiation of Tibet's administrative regions, establish a spatial distribution model of attractions, and further study the traffic network characteristics of tourist attractions in the region with the distribution of attractions; analyze the accessibility and reachability of tourist attractions in each urban area of Tibet to study the characteristics of the travel traffic network in the region. In this paper, it is found that travelers going to Tibet mainly rely on the railroad to enter Tibet, and the attractions in the area are gathered and the tourist traffic is mainly centered in Lhasa, forming a tourist traffic network throughout the whole Tibet area. The study of Tibet's tourism traffic characteristics is of great significance to the layout of tourism traffic modes outside the region and the optimization of tourism traffic network in the region.
New-type urbanisation and regional spatial structures—A case study
Authors: Li Xinyang
Published: April 2024

This paper mainly used a qualitative approach, including the case studies and comparative study, to investigate the evolutions of the regional spatial structures that will appear in the context of new-type urbanisation practices in China (National New-type Urbanisation Plan, NNUP), based on the investigation of two well-known municipalities, Chongqing and Shenzhen. The term ‘regional spatial structures’, in this paper, refer to the higher-level urban systematic spatial structures, in other words, the structures of city system. A city system generally has various forms of sub-settlements appeared within it. In this essay, the regional spatial structure of the city system was studied in details in which emphasis is put upon the planning of the city system, (which includes the formation of developmental units, like the districts, city clusters and developmental corridors), the formation of management methods and the inter-associations between the different units of settlements. Moreover, the regional spatial structures also constitute of the local income and market structures. With the above concepts, the paper demonstrates the current situations of NNUP in Chongqing and Shenzhen in terms of the management as well as the spatial developmental framework, and their respective effects on the regional spatial structures in the locality, and in turn draw a final conclusion, through making discussions towards the similarities and differences in their NNUP practices, that both cities are emphasising on the urbanisation practices towards the counties, while still having differences in terms of the extent to which the harmonised city system has been formed. Therefore, in the general NNUP context, efforts should continue to be made for the revitalisations of potential settlements, especially those with the strategic locations proximate to the municipal- or urban cluster-level central areas.
Interaksi Sosial Pengajian Online Kitab Turath dalam Membentuk Jiwa Keagamaan Masyarakat Bojonegoro
Authors: Zaini Miftah  , Taseman  , Fahrurrozi
Published: April 2024

This paper reveals the dynamics of the social interaction of online recitation of the turath book in shaping the religious spirit of the community. In this online learning system, it turns out that it is still a magnet in itself in society, even with a wider reach, it can be followed by all levels of the santri community. In "Ngaji Online" it is handled by authoritative figures, so that it becomes a special attraction and will even increase enthusiasm in modern society as it is today. As a result, after attending the regular recitation of the Turath book, the community has a better change in behavior, including: commitment to religious orders and prohibitions, being active in religious activities, eager to study religious teachings, and religious teachings being used as a source of developing ideas, and tawadlu' in all fields.
Peran Kultur Pesantren dalam Mengkonstruk Nilai Pendidikan Humanistik
Authors: Faisol Faisol , Subaidi Subaidi
Published: April 2024

Islam and humanism are two entities that cannot be separated. However, the value of humanism in Islamic educational institutions such as pesantren is rarely highlighted in a wider spectrum. This study aims to describe and analyze the pesantren culture in constructing humanistic values. This study uses a library research approach with reference books and several scientific journals that discuss and examine the educational culture of Islamic boarding schools that accommodate humanistic values. The results show that in educational culture there are humanistic educational values â€‹â€‹such as equality, compassion, democracy, dialogical approach, justice, tolerance, togetherness, help, peace, pluralism, inclusiveness, positive thinking and honesty. Humanistic education in pesantren is carried out through exemplary methods, habituation, giving advice, rewards and sanctions based on pesantren culture. The kiai figure has a central role in strengthening these humanistic values, both inside and outside the pesantren environment.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: El Qory Saidana Saniyyah , Fahmi Muhammad , Jazil Saiful , Husna Ulfatul
Published: April 2024

The flow of digital developments has a positive impact on education. Therefore, teachers and students can collaborate in presenting creative and innovative learning that encourages the realization of critical thinking skills in students. This applies to every subject, including the subject of Islamic Religious Education (PAI). This study aims to explain the effectiveness of applying the flipped classroom learning model to increasing students' critical thinking skills in PAI subjects in class XII MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Krembung Sidoarjo. The research method used is the experimental method with the One Group Pretest-Posttest design to explain students' critical thinking skills after applying the flipped classroom learning model. The results of the study show that the application of the flipped classroom learning model has effectiveness in increasing the critical thinking skills of class XII MIPA students in PAI subjects. This is evidenced by the results of the Sig. (2-tailed) which is equal to 0.000. This value indicates (less than) <0.05 of the significance level in the Paired Sample T-Test. Therefore, the flipped classroom learning model can be recommended for its application to improve students' critical thinking skills in PAI subjects at school.
Knowledge of Family Planning among Nursing Students at a Private Institute Karachi
Authors: Khan Jehangir , Ali Mahboob , Bibi Afsha , Maqsad Sakina , Tehseen Saima , Shah Sadiq Hussain , Javed Rukhsana Samson , Naveed Sabir , Zeeshan Salima
Published: April 2024

Family planning (FP) is defined as the whole effort made by a couple to prevent pregnancy and to create some space among their children. FP helps in avoiding undesirable pregnancies thus promote maternal and child health. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of FP among nursing students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used at Horizon School of Nursing with a total of 80 students selected through purposive sampling technique. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Results: Study results showed that 45% of the students were in age group 20-30 years, 61.2% were female and if we talk about spouse education status all of them were literate, most of the respondent's monthly income was between 30,000-50,000 PKR, 47.5% were having no children, 40% having 1-2 children, 50% of them wished to have 1-2 children, most of them (48.8%) had 1-2 years interval between their children, majority of the respondents (88.8%) had heard of FP, the source of information regarding FP mostly (56.2%) were hospitals, availability of FP services known by respondents were private hospitals (83.8%) and methods of FP known by the students mostly (42.5%) were condoms. Conclusions: The study showed that only 42.5% of the students knew the condom method of FP, 23.7% withdrawal methods, 20% oral contraceptive pills, and a very low percentage of other methods of FP which need to be enhanced by conducting seminars and other awareness programs in nursing schools and colleges.