bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Study on the Experience of Female Adolescents Sexually Exploited by Men Online
Authors: Sloan Amelia
Published: May 2021

As the Internet plays an increasing role in lives of adolescents, there has been a rise in the number of youth solicited online by adult men for sexual purposes. As a result, thes e adolescentsface significant and unique physical, social, and psychological health risks, which are poorly understood. To date, there is limited qualitative literature that tells the story of Internet sexual exploitation as experienced by female adolescents, or the impact of it. Beginning with the perspectives of female adolescents, the purpose of this research is to investigate the complexities, impacts, and implications of Internet Sexual Exploitation. Using Interpretive Description and guided by Feminist Theory, retrospective chart reviews of five young women were conducted. Thematic findings included feelings, risk factors, grooming experiences, and contextual features. Understanding the experience of females involved in Internet Sexual Exploitation allows healthcare providers to develop and deliver high quality services tailored to their needs.
Development of a Gradient System for the Establishment of Cellulolytic Microbial Communities
Authors: Sousa Ashley
Published: May 2021

Cellulosic ethanol has shown promise as a feasible alternative fuel, especially if the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is done through a single step process known as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). A major challenge for CBP, especially for large-scale industrial applications is the inhibition of celluloytic microorganisms by ethanol. While recombinant DNA technology and microbial acclimatization by exposure have resulted in some increase in ethanol tolerance, the search remains for robust bacteria that can proliferate in industrially-relevant conditions. This study applied an anaerobic gradient system to provide a continous spatial pathway for the selection of cellulolytic consortia with increased tolerance to ethanol. DGGE analysis showed that increasing concentrations of ethanol impacts the community profile. Biofilm formation of cellulose degrading communities has been found to be influenced by species diversity. Environmental gradients have shown promise for selective enrichment of cellulolytic consortia at desired conditions required for industrial application.
Band Geek: a study of the Toronto independent music scene
Authors: Prashad Sacchin
Published: May 2021

Digital technologies have revolutionized the music industry over the last decade and have fundamentally altered production, distribution, consumption and promotion of music. As a result, there have been fewer sales of physical recordings, less support from record companies managing musical artists and more self-promotion by musicians through social media and streaming services. My research examined how independent musicians in Toronto are handling the changed music-making scene and the challenges they face as a consequence of these changes. This paper addresses topics such as: the benefits of connecting with music audiences on social media; musicians striking licensing deals with streaming services (Spotify and Apple Music); and current strategies used to promote music online. My research findings led to my developing a new online social media page, Band Geek, that creates original documentary journalism exclusively for burgeoning local Canadian artists in the music industry.
In What Ways Does Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Against Iranian Women Change After They Have Experienced Forced Immigration?
Authors: Kian Sima Farid
Published: May 2021

In this research, I explored different forms of IPV before and after immigration. Feminism and theories developed by Foucault guided the study to further understand IPV by addressing issues related to power inequities, structural constraints, and oppressions within society.
Applying a narrative approach, I recruited three Iranian refugee women who were survivors of IPV and have experienced IPV before and after immigration. Snowball sampling techniques were used for recruitment and semi-structured interviews were utilized to collect relevant data. Through thematic analysis, seven main themes were defined, which shape different forms of IPV pre- and post-immigration. These themes are defined as different types of physical, sexual and psychological violence as well as economic abuse, internalizing men’s power by women, immigration statues, financial dependency, cultural and patriarchal sets of beliefs, social supports, and living in Iranian communities before and after immigration.
Assessing Tree Health and Species in the Gentrifying Neighbourhood of the Junction Triangle in Toronto, Ontario
Authors: Ritam Sem
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the number, health, and species of trees in the gentrifying neighbourhood of the Junction Triangle. In this research, the tree inventory and questionnaire method were used. The questionnaire results show that respondents who moved in prior to 2007 view gentrification more negatively than residents who moved in after. The study found that there is a net growth of trees in the study area. Many invasive species have been removed, while more city recommended species have been planted. This research went on to find that trees in front of homes are in better condition than those planted on public land, and trees in front of improved homes are in better condition than those in front of unimproved homes. This is evidenced by the visible tree care and maintenance activities that are occurring on trees in front of housing but is absent from trees on public land.
A comparison of the NFRC and CEN thermal transmittance calculation methods in North America’s eight climate zones
Authors: Ebanks Peta-Gaye
Published: May 2021

Studies have found that the CEN and NFRC methods produce different U-values for the same window. A comparative evaluation of the NFRC and CEN U-value calculation methods was conducted for North American residential high performance window products, as well as several parameters that are most influential in determining the whole window U-value for high performance windows, when utilizing different assumptions and boundary conditions, in North America’s eight climate zones. Using 2-D simulation software, THERM and WINDOW, four North American high performance frame types with double, triple and quad glazing combinations, were simulated and calculated according to the NFRC and CEN standard methods. Overall, the trend showed that for the specific window combinations of this study, the higher the performance of the IGU, the lesser the differences in the whole window U-value of both methods. Several strategies were proposed to support the possibility of the harmonization of both calculation methods.
Heavy Metal Thunder: the making of the film
Authors: Tremblay Mark
Published: May 2021

(From the Introduction)

Metal music means everything to me. It has been the main focus of my life since the age of thirteen. What first drew me to Metal still excites me about it today; guitar riffs. The sheer power of Marshall amplifiers gives me the same thrill it did when I first experienced Metal. My best friend gave me a CD by the band Megadeth called “Rust in Peace”. The opening riff of this album still gives me chills. From that moment on I knew I wanted to know more about Metal; everything from seminal albums, to its history. I am still learning more about the music, which presently involves piecing together Canada’s Metal music history. Why Canadian Metal? I’ve never felt attached to other aspects of Canadian culture, and so Metal music is my opportunity to do so.

When I began my undergraduate degree at Queens university, I started a radio show called “Metal on Metal”. “Metal on Metal” is dedicated to all sub-genres of Metal. I noticed that the more I did the show, the more Canadian Metal I was playing. For me, working in community radio gave me a voice, and a confidence that made me feel comfortable expressing my view point on a variety of issues, and being comfortable with public speaking.

I felt a need to document as much Canadian Metal history as I could. As such, one of my biggest motivations for this project has been the desire to capture and tell the stories of some of my favorite Canadian bands. So far, during the course of this project, two Toronto bands have disbanded; Dead Mouth and Teethmarks. It was important to visually document the music. These bands are important to me, and an integral part of Canada’s musical identity because they represent a whole cultural movement. The most important thing for me, however, is to showcase the music’s importance on a larger cultural scale; how it contributes and enhances Canadian culture.

Before analysing the the film itself, I feel the title should be explained. Heavy Metal Thunder was the first time the phrase “Heavy Metal” was first said by the group Steppenwolf, a Canadian rock band. The song “Born to be Wild”, a biker anthem from the 1960’s about counterculture, has been argued to be the first Metal song ever. I felt this was important because it ties Canada’s roots back to the origins of Metal itself. In it reference to the process of purifying and perfecting physical objects, the title also incorporates the alchemical aspects in my film.

By defining the technical terms necessary when critiquing music, this paper will give the reader insider knowledge of Metal music. I will then examine the areas of research, by conducting a literature review of scholarly texts, and assessing the documentary relevance intandem with a Metal documentary review. I will then discuss the central themes of my film Heavy Metal Thunder, and break down the methodology in making this film. Finally, I will situate each Metal sub-genre as it stands in Canada.
Gender Construction in Muslim Tweens Stories : A Discourse of Intersectionality of Religious and Gender Representations
Authors: Suparti Erni
Published: May 2021

The following study set out to examine the creative works of five Muslim tweens in Toronto, Canada, with focus on analysing the intersectionality of religious and gender representations in their works. Theoretical framework underlining this study is a discourse on visual representation of female Muslim characters, hybrid construction of gender, religious values, and media consumption. The primary research questions of this study are; (1) How do Muslim tween girls reproduce meaning and construct gender identity in their creative works? (2) How do their stories intersect gender construction with their religious background and media consumption?

The results of this study revealed the hijab (Muslim head scarf) as significant visual representation of female Muslim characters in young adults’ stories. It affirms hybrid representation of gender, religious and media consumption which, in turn demonstrates Muslim tweens mitigation in gender construction. This study also reveals the fluidity of domination which explores aspects such as new context of non-existent male-characters, religious identity and kindness as the indicator of perceived beauty. Additionally, some of these tweens associate feminine identity and representation with nature which is deeply rooted in Western fairy tales and religious values (Judeo-Christian and Islam).
Measuring the effectiveness of educational instruments in facilitating environmentally responsible behaviour in agriculture : the Canada-Ontario Environmental Farm Program
Authors: Vernon Hayley
Published: May 2021

This research evaluates the effectiveness of Ontario's voluntary Environmental Farm Plan (EFP) program's educational instruments by applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour and measuring environmental awareness. Despite being billed as an educational and environmental awareness program, the educational elements of the EFP program have not previously been evaluated in relation to their ability to foster environmental behaviours. A survey was conducted before and after the EFP workshops to measure any change in farmers' environmental awareness or intentions to implement beneficial management practices. Findings suggest an overall increase in participants' behavioural intentions and awareness, though there are opportunities to strengthen the underlying constructs of these measures to help ensure these positive outcomes are sustained beyond workshop participation. This research identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the EFP program's educational instruments and provides insight into the psychological constructs influencing farmers' participation in the program and their intentions to implement conservation measures.
Formability and Fatigue Behavior of Tailor (Laser) Welded Blanks for Automotive Applications
Authors: Anand Dheeraj
Published: May 2021

The drive towards weight reduction in the automotive industry has led to the use of tailor welded  blanks  (TWBs).  This  work  is  aimed  at  evaluating  the forming  and fatigue  behavior  of  the  TWBs  with  different  thickness  combinations  and compositions. Forming tests were carried out to determine the forming limit diagrams (FLDs) of the TWBs, and compared with those of the individual steel sheets. The results showed that the FLDs of the TWBs lie in-between those of the individually formed steel sheets that comprise the TWBs. A semi-empirical relation based on the mean values of the strain-hardening  exponents (n-values) and of the thickness of the base metals was developed to calculate the FLDo of the TWBs. The calculated FLDo  values  were  found  to  be  in  good  agreement  with  the  experimentally determined  values.  The  fatigue  tests  showed  that  TWBs  made  from  zinc coated/galvanized steels exhibited a lower fatigue limit, as compared with the TWB combinations  from  comparable  uncoated  steel.  This  was  attributed  to  the intergranular  cracking  in  the  galvanized  TWBs,  caused  by the  presence  of  zinc penetrating beneath the sheet surface.
Dynamic Finite Element Modelling And Free Vibration Analysis Of Two Dimensional Elements
Authors: Elahikahooker Mohammad Moeid
Published: May 2021

DFE is proven to be a powerful tool for analysis of structural problems involving vibration of beams, by introducing frequency dependence in element matrices. This method is extended here to thin plate vibration cases. Lack of previous systematic approach and great performance of beam DFEs were particular drives of the present work. Kirchhoff’s plate bending theory is derived and used as the reference equation describing element behaviour. DFE is implemented in MATLAB® software and evaluated for different conditions. FEM plates are developed for similar geometry using MATLAB® as well and their performance is compared against DFE formulation. Convergence studies are performed and comparisons between FEM and DFE elements are shown. Moreover, critical review of previous works on plate vibrational modelling is made which highlighted the difficulty involved in solving the partial differential equation of plates. Finally comments about the current element and the potential direction of future research are given.
Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Psychopathology in Bariatric Surgery Candidates
Authors: Strimas Rachel
Published: May 2021

Evidence suggests high rates of psychiatric disorders in bariatric surgery candidates (e.g., Kalarchian et al., 2007; Mitchell et al., in press), although no rigorous studies have examined the prevalence in a Canadian sample. As such, the first purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of Axis I disorders, and associations with quality of life, in a sample of consecutively referred bariatric surgery candidates at the Toronto Western Hospital Bariatric Surgery Program. In light of emerging evidence linking emotion regulation difficulties with diverse psychiatric symptoms, the second purpose of this study was to examine whether emotion regulation difficulties were common or specific determinants of mood, anxiety, and eating psychodiagnostic categories, as such information would help inform interventions. Three hundred and twenty-one bariatric surgery candidates (80.1% female; M age = 44.37 years) were assessed using a structured psychodiagnostic interview and completed questionnaires of health-related quality of life and emotion regulation difficulties. Results indicated that 54.5% of patients met DSM-IV-TR criteria for a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis and 18.4% met criteria for a current psychiatric disorder. Major depressive disorder was the most common lifetime psychiatric disorder and binge eating disorder was the most prevalent current psychiatric disorder. Compared to patients without a current Axis I disorder, participants diagnosed with a current Axis I disorder reported significantly worse functioning on most mental and physical health domains (p’s < .01). Overall, a series of regression analyses revealed that difficulties regulating emotions accounted for unique variance in current mood and anxiety disorder status (p’s < .001). Difficulties in emotion regulation were not significantly associated with current eating disorder status after Bonferroni correction. Taken together, these results confirm the high rates of psychiatric disorders in a Canadian sample of bariatric surgery candidates and provide evidence for associated functional health impairment. The data also add to the growing body of literature demonstrating emotion regulation difficulties across psychodiagnostic categories and are consistent with suggestions that psychosocial interventions for bariatric patients might benefit from directly targeting difficulties in emotion regulation. Further study of these associations is needed to replicate these findings and elucidate how difficulties in emotion regulation interact with psychopathology to affect patients’ post-operative outcomes.
Upsettling Canada in 140 Characters: race relations in the Twittersphere
Authors: Carter Caroline
Published: May 2021

This paper is a qualitative content analysis of public tweets made during the Indigenous social movement, Idle No More, containing the #upsettler and #upsettlers hashtags. Using settler colonial theory coupled with previous literature on Twitter during social movements as a guiding framework, this study identifies how settler colonial relations were being constructed on Twitter and how functions of the social networking tool such as the hashtag impacted this process. By examining and analyzing the content of 278 tweets, this study illustrates that Twitter is a site where conversations about race relations in Canada are taking place and that the use of the hashtag function plays a vital role in expanding the reach of this online discussion and creating a sense of solidarity or community among users.
Augmenting visual faculties: an exploration of traditional and experimental augmented reality methods in artistic practice
Authors: Papagiannis Helen
Published: May 2021

"The final project resulted in a series of artistic works applying both traditional and experimental AR methods. The various AR artworks created compose a body of work that are intended to be viewed as a series resulting from two streams of exploration: traditional marker tracking methods, and experimental processes with non-marker images and alternative materials"--From page 8.
“Augmenting visual faculties: an exploration of traditional and experimental augmented reality methods in artistic practice”
Authors: Papagiannis Helen
Published: May 2021

"The final project resulted in a series of artistic works applying both traditional and experimental AR methods. The various AR artworks created compose a body of work that are intended to be viewed as a series resulting from two streams of exploration: traditional marker tracking methods, and experimental processes with non-marker images and alternative materials"--From page 8.
Architecture as Respiratory Systems
Authors: Pu Kevin
Published: May 2021

As a hermetic divide between exterior and interior atmospheres, architecture has been sealing itself off from fluctuating environments through its reliance on artificial breathing. The ability to induce and simulate a breathable environment allows architecture to be detached from nature as a separate entity. This condition needs to be re-conceptualized in order to address the over-reliance on mechanical systems through a study of biological respiratory systems. Therefore, the urban environment must evolve, challenging the divisive barrier of buildings to transform cities into an urban respiratory system, capable of purifying the atmosphere at both micro and macro levels. Urban sustainability therefore needs to challenge the static seal of buildings and learn to breathe from nature in order to become active urban respiratory systems, capable of purifying the atmosphere and contributing positively back into the urban fabric.
On the Evolvability of a Hybrid Ant Colony-Cartesian Genetic Programming Methodology
Authors: Luis Sweeney
Published: May 2021

In this thesis, we design a method that uses Ant Colonies as a Model-based Search to Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) to induce computer programs. Candidate problem solutions are encoded using a CGP representation. Ants generate problem solutions guided by pheromone traces of entities and nodes of the CGP representation. The pheromone values are updated based on the paths followed by the best ants, as suggested in the Rank-Based Ant System (ASrank). To assess the evolvability of the system we applied a modified version of the method introduced in [1] to measure rate of evolution which considers variability and neutrality as the major influences in the evolution of a system. Our results show that such method effectively reveals how evolution proceeds under different parameter settings and different environmental scenarios. The proposed hybrid architecture shows high evolvability in a dynamic environment by maintaining a pheromone model that elicits high genotype diversity.
On-chip interconnects modeling and timing driven buffer insertion
Authors: Abdullah Alaa R.
Published: May 2021

With the increasing effect of on-chip interconnects on nowadays [sic] VLSI design performance, modeling of interconnects becomes a necessity. GAM, TPN, and AWE are well known methods that are used to map an interconnect to an equivalent electrical circuit. In this thesis, a general approach that considers z-parameters is developed witch allows the generation of equivalent RC, RLC, and RLCG circuits for both T and ∏ configurations. The performance of these generated circuits is compared to H-spice simulations by measuring the effect of interconnects on the transition times and delays under different conditions such as input transition times, interconnect lengths and capacitive loads. As a result, the a-configuration of AWE method reveals consistently an acceptable performance which makes it a good candidate to be utilized for buffer insertion.Buffer insertion is a popular technique used to reduce the delay of a long interconnect by segmenting it and inserting buffers among these segments. Therefore, the performance of this technique depends strongly on the accuracy of the considered interconnect model. However, using a model such as the RLCG of ∏ configuration which is derived from using the AWE method is not practical due to the complexity accompanied by such model which makes the derivation of closed-form expressions very complicated. To overcome this dilemma, the selected configuration has been mapped to a simple equivalent RC circuit. As a consequence, a new RC representation of on-chip interconnects is developed. Moreover, depending on the developed RC model, the proposed buffer insertion technique shows superiority over previously published works.
Performance analysis of time and cost efficient data pre-fetching in mobile cloud computing
Authors: Khorramnejad Kaveh
Published: May 2021

Recently, many methods and algorithms have been proposed in pre-fetching area. However, pre-fetching integrated with workload scheduling approaches have not been investigated as much. Initially, this thesis reviews the principles of the existing pre-fetching strategies considering latency and cost factor as primary objectives. Later, it focuses on an integrated workload scheduling and pre-fetching model to enhance the performance of response time and minimize the cost. Furthermore, response time and cost problems are formulated and to overcome the total response time and cost problems a heuristic approach is proposed. Integrated model is tested for wide range of variables and, the effects of various parameters such as processing speed and pre-fetcher’s utilization are analysed and compared. Finally, based on the results integrated pre-fetching and workload scheduling model outperforms either of them, individually. Thus, this thesis can contribute to the the new solutions in this area.
An architecture for altering urban inhabitant's current relationship with agriculture: integrating architecture, agriculture and urban inhabitants in the 21st. century urban landscape
Authors: Patterson Emily
Published: May 2021

As an alternative approach to production and distribution practices, the facility was designed to challenge the way urban inhabitants interact with agriculture within the city landscape. The architectural component of urban agriculture is strongly lacking; various social, environmental, and economic issues prevent growing practices from scaling up within the city. The ever increasing volume of food transported into the city on a daily basis needs to be re-conceptualized and paired with an architectural approach that fosters year round growing practices. A new way of thinking about where and how to grow food,
as well as an alternative to distributing food throughout the densely populated urban landscape is crucial. By introducing a highly productive growing facility into an area of the city which has high land values, placed in a central dense location without ideal conditions for growing, the design intends to present a new way of thinking about where and how to grow and move food throughout the city. The intent is to expose contemporary production practices, provide engagement with various growing techniques and make such a place accessible within a densely populated urban environment.
Monitoring the Soil for Contaminants at an Industrial Property in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Wijesundera Ruwan Chandika
Published: May 2021

The focus of this project was to determine whether the soil at an industrial facility was contaminated above background concentrations in Ontario, and whether there was an unacceptable level of risk to the health of humans and the environment. The sampling plan, analysis and data interpretation were developed using guiding documents from the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, the Canadian Council of the Ministers of the Environment, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. An emphasis was placed upon quality control, and a rigorous protocol for sub-sampling, to produce representative sub-samples for analysis. The results revealed that the soil at the site was within the range of background values for Ontario, and there was not an unacceptable level of risk to the health of humans and the environment for the elements analyzed.
Experiences of Chinese parents and the Triple-P Positive Parenting Program
Authors: Lam Monica Hoiky
Published: May 2021

This qualitative research study explores the experiences of two Chinese mothers who have taken one or more sessions of the Triple-P Positive Parenting Program. Utilizing a narrative methodology to inquiry, semi-structured interviews were conducted to answer the central research question: What are the experiences of Chinese parents who have taken one or more Triple-P sessions, in relation to the socio-political, historical and cultural factors that influence their lives? Data analysis draws from Anti-Oppression and Critical Race Feminism theoretical frameworks. The findings in this study provides insight to the successes, and challenges/needs/concerns of parenting interventions and its practices for the Chinese community.
Moments of transition
Authors: Sarner Aviv
Published: May 2021

Transitional moment conditions exist almost everywhere around us, and are an effective device in defining a place. It is through enhancing these thresholds, and defining a clearer, vivid environment that creates places from spaces, that facilitates variety through visual clarity, hierarchy, and synthesis necessary at the urban and architectural levels. This thesis will argue that creating an engaging and fulfilling environment architecturally and on an urban level, is highly dependent on the successful threshold conditions in various degrees of complexity.
Closing the chapter: A case study of government communications preceding the 2008 apology to residential school survivors
Authors: Hill Alexandra
Published: May 2021

This research examines the Government of Canada’s changing discourse in relation to the apology to residential school survivors in the two-year period leading to the apology, during which time the Conservative Government of Canada was in power. A combination of critical discourse analysis and grounded theory was used to analyze six key documents or statements related to the apology created from 2006 to 2008. This research seeks to identify themes in the discourse and consistencies throughout the two year time period, despite the vastly changing discourse. Findings reveal that themes present in the discourse leading up to the residential school apology are mostly consistent with those found in apology literature. Findings also reveal that the concept of “closing the issue” was consistent throughout the discourse, despite the Government of Canada’s apparent shift in stance on this issue.
The Effect of Balcony Enclosure Retrofits on the Performance of MURBs
Authors: Sheehan Alanna
Published: May 2021

The City of Toronto has been undertaking retrofit projects to refurbish an aging building stock and increase performance in multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs). These retrofit considerations include solutions proposed for balconies, a common weak point in the building structure. A balcony enclosure retrofit was one such solution, using overcladding to insulate the exposed balcony slab and parapet, enclosing the open portion of the balcony with glazing.

The effect of the balcony enclosure differed depending on the balcony type, varying with characteristics such as balcony to façade ratio, orientation and the projection type of the balcony, whether inset or projecting. When models were retrofit with balcony enclosures, results showed an overall decrease in energy use as the enclosures raised internal air temperatures, lowering demand for heating. The balcony characteristics which showed the largest decrease in energy use when retrofit with balcony enclosures were inset balconies with high balcony to façade ratio.
Intersections between visual design and representation: An evaluative study of the ethical dilemmas in the production of HIV/AIDS advocacy advertisements
Authors: Ferraro Adam Daniel Calogero
Published: May 2021

HIV/AIDS advocacy advertisements often use constructions of specific cultural groups to communicate the need for immediate action to prevent the spread of the virus. This study examines how graphic design strategies such as the use and juxtaposition of colour, photography, typography and vectors create representations of cultural identities. A selection of documents collected from The AIDS Committee of Toronto, International AIDS Day 2009 and The Stephen Lewis Foundation were the sites of the analysis. Drawing from theories of cultural studies and philosophy, this research project examined the semiotic strategies of the documents to develop a set of ethical best practices for visual design. Issues including the representation of cultural groups through victimage, as well as the pace at which an audience is presented information, were key in understanding ethical challenges the visual design of these documents present. The following set of best practices were developed to account for the emerging conventions and moral dilemmas identified in the study: i) Recognizing the harm of victimizing groups, ii) Developing visual representations that avoid negatively stereotyping groups, and iii) Accurately explaining HIV/AIDS issues and its prevention rather than relying on narratives.
Analytical hydrological modelling of green roof technology on a watershed basis
Authors: Chan Andrew
Published: May 2021

Urban stormwater design usually involves a continuous simulation model (CSM). A CSM can determine numerous scenarios and outputs implementing best management practices (BMP). Green roof technology has recently emerged as a BMP. Although a CSM is accurate, an alternative type of model can be used for preliminary planning stages. Based on statistics, analytical modelling does not involve complex computer simulations and is appropriate at planning stages. This applied study calibrated an analytical model using outputs from a CSM created for the highland creek watershed in Southern Ontario. The analytical model predicted total runoff volume and runoff volume reduction (from green roof technology) within 0.6-6% and 4-8% respectively. Runoff reduction from other research has been found in the range of 1-12%. Analytical tools combined with the Unit Response Function (URF) method can easily be changed for any watershed and highlights the usefulness for predicting runoff on a volumetric basis for watersheds.
In dialogue with emergence
Authors: Mitanidis Timothy David
Published: May 2021

The following report outlines the conjectural basis for an examination of the existing system of architectural production, and the imminent changes that are becoming more evident with the increasing saturation of digital technologies.

Emergence and complexity theory have set the stage for a future of integrated system design. With many of our current modes of production already being heavily influenced by digital design and automated fabrication, the question for the building industry becomes not if, but how shall these systems be integrated in the production of architecture?

Through the execution of an urban design project located at the Alexandra Park housing co-operative, this thesis establishes a commentary based in emergent theory that grounds the speculation of future possibilities in an historical understanding of current changes in contemporary architectural discourse. The exploration of difference as a generator of urban renewal is central to the proposals ability to induce positive change through dynamic emergent behavior.
Anti-Oppressive Practice in Harm Reduction
Authors: Cross Travis
Published: May 2021

This study interrogates the current neoliberal harm reduction model and examines antioppressive practice within harm reduction through the following research question: how do harm reduction workers in Toronto address structural processes of oppression through their work? Three harm reduction workers participated in one-on-one, semi-structured interviews for this study, and were asked to discuss their understandings and experiences with harm reduction and anti-oppression. Through a phenomenological analysis of participant responses, three themes were developed: participants conceptualize harm reduction beyond personal substance use; facilitate peer engagement and mobilization; and challenge incarceration, policing, and surveillance. These findings indicate that research participants engage in multiple forms of politicized practice that collectively challenge the neoliberal tenet of personal responsibility within harm reduction, as well as the role of the criminal justice system in the lives of people who use drugs. This study concludes with implications for social work practice and research.
Sit-To-Stand and Stand-To-Sit Energetics for Assistive Devices and Robotics Design
Authors: Wong Ronnie Joseph
Published: May 2021

This research presents the development of a Sit-to-Stand and Stand-to-Sit model for regenerative energy recovery with applications in orthoses, protheses and humanoid robot design. Sit-to-Stand and Stand-to-Sit are routine activities and are crucial pre-requisites to walking and running. Determining design parameters for devices which can aid people to perform these activities in an effective manner is a key goal here. MapleSim was used to simulate a 1/10-scale multi-domain model and a nonlinear torque controller was used to control the trajectory profiles of the Sit-to-Stand-to-Sit gait. The model allows accurate simulation of hardware components for use in a future robot. This study addresses the usage in regenerative braking towards sit-to-stand-to-sit and the relationship between Coriolis/centrifugal torque components to inertial and gravitational torque components.

This study examines the level of regeneration at ankle, knee and hip. Furthermore, it examines the significance of Coriolis and centrifugal versus inertial and gravitational components of a nonlinear controller in order to determine if these components would be needed in a real robot controller. By applying joint trajectories from human trials it was found that the regenerative effect in the robot model was most significant in the hip and least significant in the ankle. Furthermore, we determined that the Coriolis and centrifugal terms were approximately 1% of the inertial and gravitational terms in the applied nonlinear controller, making them insignificant. We also determined upper bounds for gearing in the joints such that battery autonomy is maximized without encountering motor saturation and inaccurate trajectory following. From these findings, we recommend that robot designs neglect the Coriolis and centrifugal terms and that regenerative hardware be prioritized at the hip.
Regulation of β1 Integrin Traffic and ARF6 Gtpase by Amp-Activated Protein Kinase
Authors: Ata Rehman
Published: May 2021

Integrins are cell surface receptors that physically bridge the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton and responsible for adhesion, migration, and signaling. Integrin function is intimately controlled by their membrane traffic. For example, integrins are dynamically internalized from the cell posterior and recycled to the cell anterior during cell migration. Misregulation of integrins is intimately linked with cancer progression, including metastasis and cell proliferation and survival. We have recently uncovered that integrin membrane traffic is controlled by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy stress sensing kinase within cells at becomes activated upon energy stress such as by an increase in cell AMP:ATP ratio. I confirmed that AMPK activation resulted in a reduction of cell surface β1-integrin. Using assays that selectively measure integrin exocytosis and endocytosis, I found that AMPK activation regulates β1-integrin recycling and possibly endocytosis. I demonstrated that AMPK regulates Arf6 localization, a key protein which regulates β1-integrin membrane traffic. I confirmed that Arf6 and clathrin are involved in reciprocal regulation, thus highlighting the possible pathway for β1-integrin regulation by AMPK.
Documenting Honour: Examining “Honour Killings”and Muslim Representation in Documentary Film
Authors: Phillips Sara Jo L.
Published: May 2021

Although documentary films offer viewers the chance to learn about the realities and experiences of others cultures, it is also possible for filmmakers to stereotype the people they represent. In this paper, I examine Shelley Saywell’s documentary In the Name of the Family, a film about Muslim youth victims of “honour killings.” I suggest that by framing domestic violence as “honour killings” this film stereotypes and misrepresents Muslim immigrant families. Through an analysis of promotional material and scenes from the film, I argue that the film’s use of Orientalist narratives of difference between Muslim immigrants and mainstream Canadian society contributes to the impression that “honour killings” are cultural and specific to Muslim communities. I further argue that Saywell’s use of the “imperilled Muslim woman” narrative to elicit empathy and compassion from viewers perpetuates the notion that Muslim immigrant families are traditional, oppressive and unwilling to adapt to North American society. 
Current source converters for megawatt wind energy conversion systems
Authors: Dai Jingya
Published: May 2021

The rapid growth of wind energy market has propelled the research and development of high-power wind turbines in the megawatt range. At this power level, current source converter (CSC) topologies possess favorable features such as simple structure, grid friendly waveforms, controllable power factor, and reliable grid short-circuit protection. This dissertation proposes the use of current source converters for permanent magnet synchronous generator based megawatt wind energy conversion systems (WECS). Related research in terms of converter topology, modulation scheme, control strategy and grid integration are carried out to adapt the proposed configuration for megawatt wind applications. Various current source converter topologies are compared for wind applications. Detailed feasibility study and performance evaluation are conducted based on theoretical analysis and simulation results. Among all, the back-to-back pulse-width modulated (PWM) current source converter is identified as the most promising converter configuration for megawatt WECS due to its high performance, control flexibility and compliance with grid connection codes.

A novel multi-sampling space vector modulation (MS-SVM) scheme with superior harmonic performance and controllability is proposed to operate the PWM CSC. The device switching frequency under MS-SVM is investigated and methods to eliminate additional switching are presented. The proposed scheme is compared with the conventional modulation schemes. It is demonstrated that the MS-SVM scheme provides superior performance at low switching frequency. It not only offers high control flexibility but also substantially reduces the low-order harmonics existing in the conventional schemes. System modeling and controller design for the current source converter based WECS are then presented. Dynamic, steady-state and small-signal models are developed for analysis and controller design. An optimum de-link current control scheme is developed to achieve the best dynamic performance and maximize the system overall efficiency. Control strategies such as decoupled active and reactive power control and power feed-forward control are also proposed to further improve the system dynamic performance. Grid integration issues, especially the low-voltage ride-through capability of the current source converter based WECS, are addressed. Challenges for the grid-connected current source converter are identified based on grid code requirements. A unified de-link current control scheme is proposed to assist the system to ride through grid low-voltage faults while maintaining the control capability of active and reactive power during and after the fault. The unified de-link controller can be well embedded in the system control structure. Smooth transitions between normal and fault operations are achieved. Simulation and experimental verifications for various objectives are provided throughout the dissertation. The results validate the proposed solutions for the main challenges of using current source converter in a megawatt WECS.
Build For All
Authors: Sverko Katlynn
Published: May 2021

Internet access is being seen more and more as a basic human right. Yet the Internet remains inaccessible for many. Guidelines on accessibility exist, as do penalties for noncompliance, yet 84% of startup websites remain inaccessible. Accessibility is the capacity for individuals to equivalently use goods and services. The purpose of this research is to determine if exposure to an online resource focusing on how to make startups accessible, rather than why, impacts the willingness of individuals to adopt accessible strategies. Through the use of pre- and postsurveys, the impact on willingness was measured and compared to pre-exposure levels. The results suggest that startups may be willing to adopt accessibility guidelines after explicitly being shown how, however a gap still remains between willingness and execution.
“Love Rages”: Emotion, Agency, and the Superpositioning of Narrative in Tours of the Black Clock
Authors: Derby Jillian Jenevieve
Published: May 2021

[Para. 1] "History, like all narratives, has a variety of possible outcomes. While feasible, their prediction is unlikely; we know too few of the variables and understand too little of how circumstances interact. What at first seems insignificant can cause catastrophe; human action is fundamentally erratic with potentially far-reaching and unforeseeable consequences. To process and assuage this profound uncertainty, we treat history as a story, and a postmodern view of history illuminates this instinct to narrativize events. Historicism claims that these narratives are essentially perspectives, based in their spatiotemporal context and lacking in objective truth. Still, at some point, we assume a particular narrative ends; World War II was devastating, Western history textbooks say, but finite. While the war’s effects reverberate forward in time, we latently accept that the narrative of the war, proper, is contained within temporal parameters: 1939 to 1945. That is, once Japan officially surrendered in September 1945, the war ended. Steve Erickson, in his 1989 novel Tours of the Black Clock, shatters this assumption."
Numerical and experimental investigations on vibration of simulated CANDU fuel bundles subjected to turbulent fluid flow
Authors: Zhang Xuan
Published: May 2021

Vibration of simulated CANDU fuel bundles induced by coolant flow is investigated in this thesis through experiments and numerical simulations. Two simulated bundles and a hydraulic loop are built to mimic the situation of the fuel bundles located at the inlet of a fuel channel in a CANDU nuclear reactor. Fuel bundle vibration mechanism is investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. The three-dimensional turbulent flow that passes through the simulated bundles is modeled using the large eddy simulation (LES) and solved with parallel processing. The local cross flows induced by the presence of endplates at the inlet location and bundle interface location are investigated. The fluid forces are obtained as excitations for the fuel bundle vibration analysis. A finite element model of the fuel bundles is developed with the endplates modeled using the 3rd order thick plate theory. The response of the inlet fuel bundle to the fluid excitations is solved in the time and the frequency domain. The added mass and the fluid damping are approximated with the theory on the flow-induced vibration of slender bodies in a parallel flow. Measurements are obtained and used to validate the numerical prediction under various operating flow conditions.
Preparing For Destruction : A Management Plan For The Los Angeles Police Department's 1925-1939 Collection Of Cellulose Nitrate Negatives
Authors: Perry-Trueheart Esme T.
Published: May 2021

This thesis examines the collection of nitrate negatives produced by the Los Angeles Police Department between the years of 1925 and 1939. The thesis is divided into two sections. The first section contextualizes the collection and explains how a plan was developed for re-photographing, cataloguing, and storing a digital database of the negative collection that will eventually be destroyed. The second section provides a management plan for the collection. Accompanying the management plan is an inventory documenting the current physical condition and the contents of each negative box.