bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS IN INVASIVE DUCTAL BREAST CANCER
Authors: Volos Liliya , Dudash Andrii
Published: April 2022

Personalized treatment of patients with invasive ductal breast cancer is one of the most pressing issues in modern oncology. Today, information on the human genome and molecular markers is used to targeted therapy and optimize treatment strategies. One of the molecular markers is abnormal tumor angiogenesis. PECAM-1, or CD31, may be a marker of this process. The aim of the study was to comprehensively assess the morphological features and clinical significance of different types of tumors microvessels in invasive ductal breast cancer. CD31 expression was assessed by positive vascular endothelial staining. Using antibodies to CD31 (Ab-1, JC70A, Thermo scientific), we investigated 86 cases of invasive ductal breast cancer. In histological specimens stained with antibodies to CD31, the density of microvessels and areas with strong vascularization, the presence of dilated and atypical dilated capillaries in the intratumoral and peritumoral stroma, the presence of structures with local endothelial lining were assessed. The number of dilated and atypical dilated capillaries, as well as structures with partial endothelial lining was estimated by the semi-quantitative method. According to the results of our study, we showed some differences in the severity of vascular density of the tumor in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer. No differences in microvascular density were found depending on the age of the patients, T and N stages. At the same time, higher values of microvascular density in the intratumoral stroma were noted at G3 degree of differentiation, in triple-negative breast cancer and at HER2/neu positive. The most significant from the prognostic point of view were the number of atypical dilated vessels and structures with local endothelial lining, as well as the presence of characteristic porous structures in loose softly fibrous unformed connective tissue of the peritumoral stroma. Angiogenesis, morphology of tumor vessels is important for prognostic value and this marker can be used to predict the course of invasive ductal breast cancer.
INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATION SEARCH OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT ROUTES
Authors: Holyk Olena , Zhesan Roman , Miroshnichenko Mariya , Skalik Mirosława
Published: April 2022

This article is devoted to automation of search of routes of passenger flows of inhabitants of the city on the basis of routes of public transport. To do this, it is proposed to use satellite data that reflect the movement of passengers. Based on the analysis of data arrays of information on the movement of cellular subscribers and the use of message messages to determine the effectiveness of passenger routes of public transport, the article proposes to create a system of automatic search of public transport routes, which includes different classes of charts and data bases. You can use data from cellular operators to do this. This can increase the accuracy of certain traffic volumes and the ability to monitor them in real time. Reliable information on the routes of urban public transport allows to determine passenger flows and efficiently perform transport services. The main requirements for modeling the city’s passenger traffic are presented. Methods of obtaining data on determining the city’s passenger traffic and public transport are considered. Documentation for the creation of the ISASR (Intelligent System for Automation Search of Routes) project has been developed. The MVC (Model-View-Controller) architectural template was used to develop the project. Class diagrams and precedent diagrams have been developed for the model. Database structures have been created and vehicle types and user types have been defined. Algorithms for finding routes for different situations, with different latitude and longitude coordinates, as well as different number of stops and transfers have been developed.
ISSUES OF STUDYING PHILOSOPHY AT UNIVERSITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: SMIRNOVA OL'GA V. , KASATKINA SVETLANA S. , BALIUSHINA IULIIA L.
Published: April 2022

The key issue of this article is the process of teaching and studying philosophy at university in modern conditions. The authors touch upon the topic of intensive information technology development, as well as the need to transform philosophical knowledge as the basis of natural intelligence, without which it is impossible to harmoniously develop both the educational process at university and the formation of personality in particular. The authors analyse the strengths and weaknesses of teaching philosophy in a distance learning environment; characterise the prospects for teaching philosophy at Russian university of the 21st century.
Perbandingan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) dengan Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) Terhadap Minat dan Hasil Belajar Materi Sistem Ekskresi
Authors: Triningsih Nika Noviana , Septiana Nurul , Rohmadi Mukhlis
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) perbedaan minat peserta didik yang menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dan STAD pada materi sistem ekskresi berbantuan media animasi kelas VIII MTs Muslimat NU Palangka Raya. 2) perbedaan hasil belajar peserta didik yang menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dan STAD pada materi sistem ekskresi berbantuan media animasi kelas VIII MTs Muslimat NU Palangka Raya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian Nonrandomized Control Group Pre-test-Post-test Design. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling, sampel yang dipilih yaitu kelas VIII A dan VIII C. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di MTs Muslimat NU Palangka Raya. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah angket dan soal tes (pretest dan posttest). Pengujian hipotesis pada penelitian ini menggunakan Uji-t Independent dengan rumus polled varians. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: 1) tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara minat belajar peserta didik yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament (TGT) dan Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) pada materi sistem ekskresi berbantuan media animasi kelas VIII MTs Muslimat NU Palangka Raya. 2) tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar peserta didik yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament (TGT) dan Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) pada materi sistem ekskresi berbantuan media animasi kelas VIII MTs Muslimat NU Palangka Raya.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Program Remedial Dan Pengayaan Di SMAN 1 Kerinci
Authors: Putri Kinanti Eka
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan remedial dan pengayaan di SMAN 1 Kerinci. Remedial dan pengayaan ini bermakna untuk sekolah karena untuk membantu siswa/siswi yang kesulitan belajar. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Jenis penilitian yang dipakai yaitu studi kasus yang diperoleh melalui wawancara. Subjek pada penelitian ini siswa di SMAN 1 Kerinci. Sample dalam penelitian ini adalah narasumber dari 2 guru. Intrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu wawancara dengan 10 pertanyaan . Data kualitatif adalah sumber deskripsi dan penjelasan yang kaya dan beralasan tentang proses manusia. Dengan data kualitatif, seseorang dapat mempertahankan alur kronologis, melihat peristiwa mana yang menyebabkan konsekuensi mana, dan memperoleh penjelasan yang bermanfaat. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan Teknik pengumpulan simple random sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa remedial dan pengayaan berperan penting dalam membantu siswa yang kesulitan belajar, siswa aktif berkolaborasi untuk bekerja sama, dan pelaksanaan menjadi efektif.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Materi Arthropoda Berbasis Student Centered Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa Di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Minah Sitti , Haryono Agus , Sinaga Saalon
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran materi  Arthropoda untuk meningkatkan kemandirian mahasiswa  dan meningkatkan CTS dengan menggunakakan pendekatan Studen-Centered Learning. Pengembangan perangkat  menggunakan  pengembangan model ADDIE, perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan terdiri dari 1) RPS 2) Bahan Ajar 3) Lembar kerja mahasiswa 4) Evaluasi hots. Pengembangan perangkat mengunakan hasil validasi ahli dan uji terbatas. Hasil pengembangan berupa 1) Pengembangan perangkat perangkat dengan kategori valid dan layak digunakan 2) Hasil keterlaksanaan  RPS  menggunakan pendekatan SCL dengan kategori cukup baik dan respon mahasiswa terhadap langkah-langkah RPS positif dan mengacu pada keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan kategori N-gain 0,73 dengan nilai tinggi. 3)Pengembangan pada Bahan Ajar dengan kategori baik,  4)  LKM didesain sederhana  untuk meningkatkan keterrampilan berpikir kritis, 5) Alat evaluasi   mengacu pada soal hots. Pelaksanaan penelitian secara hybrid learning dengan memadukan kegiatan online dan offline, kegiatan, perkuliahan secara online menggunakan Whatsapp, GcR dan Zoom, dan kegiatan perkuliahan secara offline dilaksanakan mahasiswa dengan mengakses bahan ajar dan instruksional yang ada di dalam GcR secara mandiri. Perangkat pembelajaran materi Arthropoda berbasis Student-Centered Learning dapat digunakan di masa pandemi untuk  meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Inquiry Learning untuk Pembelajaran Daring dengan Platform Seesaw
Authors: Fatma Wa , Sulisworo Dwi
Published: April 2022

Pembelajaran fisika secara online berbasis inquiry learning memiliki tujuan untuk mengembangkan lingkungan belajar secara online dengan menggunakan aplikasi Seesaw untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMA pada materi gerak lurus. Dalam pengembangan ini mencakup tiga tahapan, yaitu pembuatan rancangan awal pembelajaran dengan Seesaw, validasi oleh ahli, dan uji kelompok kecil pengguna. Setelah melakukan analisis validasi dan uji coba pengguna pada siswa sekolah menengah atas dari indikator kegunaan, kemudahan penggunaan, kemudahan belajar dan kepuasan, maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa rancangan pembelajaran LMS dengan aplikasi seesaw terbukti praktis dan layak digunakan. Adapun implikasi dalam pembelajaran dengan menerapkan pembelajaran berbantuan seesaw, siswa lebih termotivasi untuk belajar online.
Peningkatan Minat dan Kemampuan Memahami Barisan Dan Deret Bilangan Melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think-Pair-Share
Authors: Julianti Hevin Dwi Rivia
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat belajar dan kemampuan memahami konsep barisan dan deret melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kelas IX D MTs N 2 Ponorogo kepada sebanyak 27 siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan pada Maret-April 2019 oleh peneliti dan dibantu oleh kolaborator guru matematika lain. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 2 siklus pembelajaran. Tiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu angket untuk mengukur minat siswa, lembar observasi untuk mengamati proses pembelajaran oleh kolaborator, dan tes untuk memperoleh nilai hasil belajar siswa. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan statistic deskriptif. Hasil penelitian setelah siswa melalui dua siklus pembelajaran diperoleh hasil peningkatan minat siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika. Peningkatan minat siswa sebesar 22% (dari 78% menjadi 100%) antara kondisi sebelum penelitian dan setelah dua siklus pembelajaran, Adapun nilai hasil belajar siswa juga mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan yaitu sebesar 72,9%, dimana siswa yang tuntas pada awalnya hanya 19,6% kemudian meningkat menjadi 92,5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share pada materi barisan dan deret dapat meningkatkan minat dan hasil belajar siswa setelah melalui dua siklus pembelajaran.
GAZING AT THE BODY AS A LOCUS OF COMPETENCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR LANGUAGE EDUCATION
Authors: Sugiharto Setiono
Published: April 2022

It is well-established that the notion of language competence often bandied about in English language teaching scholarship owes much of its allegiance to the Chomskyan tradition, which privileges mind over body and other materiality. Tracing this tradition to its root, one may surmise that the infamous Chomskyan competence has been the sustenance of Cartesian linguistics as the Neo-Platonic philosophical tradition known for its condemnatory arguments against body in the pursuit of knowledge. Basing on the idea of somaesthetics initially proposed by Richard Shusterman, I argue in this conceptual article that English language teaching landscape needs to embrace insights generated by current research and theorization on the pivotal role of the soma (the living body) as a source of competence in facilitating communicative practices. I will first discuss the notion of somaesthetic, and then demonstrate that research in language teaching and language acquisition scholarship (albeit limited in numbers) has long been inspired by this body philosophy. Implications for English language teaching will be offered.
Shadow economy in the context of threats to the economic security of the state
Authors: Begichev M. M. , Vlasov A. V. , Avtomonova K. I.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the essence and various consequences of the shadow economy. The most significant feature of the shadow economy is the fact that it has a significant negative impact on the economy of the region, country and/or economic unions. It is worth noting the fact that quite successful work has been carried out to combat the shadow economy for quite a long time, all the same, the threats emanating from it remain quite high. Based on the results of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to further improve the work of state bodies and business structures aimed at working together to counter the shadow economy.
Applying risk management to the management of innovative enterprises
Authors: Verenikina A. O.
Published: April 2022

The activities of innovative enterprises entail various risk situations. Organisations should be able to identify perceived risks and minimise them. Innovative enterprises, whose activities are known to be the most risky, should try their best to establish a risk management process.

Empirical and theoretical research methods were used in writing the paper: analysis, synthesis of the studied theoretical data, method of generalization, graphical method. The subject of the research in this article is risk management as a constituent link in the management and development of innovative enterprises. The article considers the importance of applying risk management. The author has identified important stages of risk management in the management of innovative enterprises, developed an appropriate information model.
About the problem of accidents on ships
Authors: Yanchenko A. Yu. , Shumilova D. A.
Published: April 2022

The article presents an analysis of the statistics of the consequences of accidents on ships. Particular attention is paid to the causes of collisions and ways to reduce their number. The types of damage as part of the total damage as a result of an accident on a ship are disclosed. Measures to reduce the level of accidents in river and sea transport are given.
How Do Cultural Houses and Cultural Hearths Matter? Towards a New Imagination of These Institutions
Authors:   Department of Photo-Video, Bucharest University of Arts, Botea Bucan Irina ,   School of The Art Institute of Chicago,   Goldsmiths University of Arts, London, UK. Email: ibotea@artic.edu.
Published: April 2022

"Whether resembling vacated shells or remaining fully functional, either commercially repurposed or relatively busy with paid or unpaid ‘leisure activities’, cultural houses and cultural hearths are still present throughout Romania, usually in the centre of towns and communes. Designed to centralise cultural and informal educational activities within a socio-geographic area, they enabled regional authorities to both survey the leisure time of the population along with providing a foundation for the production of the ‘new’ multidimensional socialist subject within a collective context. But immediately after 1990 they were seen as either a nuisance or a historic reminder that needed to be turned into an absence, a void: the epic but invisible institution. The article makes a case for why they deserve another chance in a punctual and specific re-evaluation that ultimately desires to insert a number of critical points for a possible re-imagination of these models of organization in which both stable and transitory communities collectively produce what we may call culture. It provides an extended timeline/lineage that opposes one-dimensional readings of the institutions as objects of communist propaganda. It argues that the ways in which they were planned during 1955-1989 counteracts contemporary monetarist visions towards the role of such cultural institutions. Ultimately, cultural houses were part of a national plan that considered culture as central to the ‘common good’ rather than a laissez-faire approach that places economic efficiency above all else. Paradoxically, more contemporary versions of cultural houses and hearths are often far more restrictive than their early predecessors and this situation can and should change. Keywords: cultural houses, architecture, social imagination, monetization of culture, entanglement "
When yes means no (or maybe): un scurt comentariu la Decizia nr. 43/2021 a Înaltei Curți de Casație și Justiție – Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept
Authors: Bercea Lucian
Published: April 2022

Textul este un scurt comentariu la Decizia nr. 43/2021 a Înaltei Curți de Casație și Justiție – Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept, prin care instanța supremă a stabilit că scrisoarea de garanție emisă de o instituție de credit constituie titlu executoriu numai dacă este emisă în garantarea unui contract de credit.
Sfântul Scaun și Ordinul de Malta, în dreptul internațional: actori, spectatori sau vestigii istorice?
Authors: Botău Diana
Published: April 2022

Articolul își propune să aducă la zi și să clarifice unele aspecte controversate referitoare la personalitatea juridică a Sfântului Scaun, a Bisericii Catolice și a Ordinului de Malta. Care sunt momentele care au marcat schimbarea la față a locului și a rolului pe care le ocupă Sfântul Scaun sau Ordinul de Malta, în plan internațional? Cât de consolidată este personalitatea lor juridică, în dreptul internațional, și care este relevanța actuală a acestor subiecte de drept? Cât și cum se implică ele în relațiile internaționale? Cum interacționează cu sistemele naționale ale statelor gazdă și câtă autonomie de facto li se recunoaște? Mai este compatibilă anatomia specifică a acestor entități juridice cu structura genetică a sistemului internațional actual? Și, în caz contrar, cum se explică și ce le asigură supraviețuirea? Acestea sunt câteva dintre întrebările cărora articolul încearcă să le găsească sau să le intuiască un răspuns. Perspectiva asumată este cea a dreptului internațional public, iar abordarea acestei teme evită, pe cât posibil, distincții de natură teologică sau administrativă.
Between Hopes and Threats: New Migratory Birds Records on the Sawala Mandapa Education and Training Forest, Indonesia
Authors: Iswandaru Dian , Nugraha Gugie , Iswanto Aris Djati Dwi , Fitriana Yulia Rahma , Webliana Kornelia
Published: April 2022

Java Island is one of the tropical areas for bird migration, especially the Asian-Australian flyway of migratory birds. The SMETF is one of the protected forest areas that migratory birds can visit in Java. This research aims to identify migratory birds in SMETF. Transect and point count methods are used to observe migratory bird movements and their activities. In the research area, four migratory birds were identified: Ficedula zanthopygia, Agropsar sturninus, Pernis ptilorhynchus o., and Accipiter soloensis. The first and second species showed many activities for four months from October 2020 to January 2021, and this is an indication that both are using the research site as a wintering habitat. The activities of the Pernis ptilorhynchus o., Accipiter soloensis were dominated by flying “flock” over the forest. Only the Pernis ptilorhynchus was observed carrying out hunting activities, indicating that this bird uses the area as a stopover area. This research also identified illegal hunting techniques, such as ngaleugeut and mikat, as severe threats to migratory birds in the SMETF.
Comunidades nacionalistas en red. Digitalidad, política e identidad
Authors:   , Padilla Santa Cruz Aída Sofía
Published: April 2022

Las identidades de resistencia que reaccionan ante los cambios sociales y temporales están atravesadas por la noción de comunidad. La necesidad de pertenencia comunitaria adquiere algunas veces tintes imaginarios, como es el propio nacionalismo, y otras, formas concretas de resistencia como es la disputa política. Desde luego esta pertenencia está mediada por lo digital y he aquí la novedad. Si bien la comunidad consiste en la identificación, autoafirmación y diferenciación, las comunas proporcionan hoy cuotas de consuelo, de certidumbre, de protección y de resarcimiento. Es así como aumentan los deseos de cerrar la comunidad (digital), de regresar a las identidades originarias, de restaurar el orden y de buscar continuidad temporal. El capitulado de la tesis se corresponde con las tres formas de observación: comunidades digitales, políticas e identitarias. El primer capítulo, “Comunidades digitales”, examina la dimensión digital de las comunidades nacionalistas y la historicidad de las formas de comunicabilidad que posibilitan su conformación, tanto en términos sociopolíticos (mundo experiencial) como en términos epistémicos y heurísticos (mundo del observador). Se explora el concepto de tecnopolítica como canalización de la indignación y el descontento social. El segundo capítulo, “Comunidades políticas”, busca comprender el ascenso y auge de los nacionalismos como parte de una crisis política tangible en el siglo XXI. La lucha por el reconocimiento identitario es inseparable de la injusticia social que se profundiza por la desilusión de la vida política. Los resentimientos son su fuerza impulsora para la construcción de un nuevo orden político y moral cuyos recursos van desde la identificación de enemigos hasta la creación de teorías conspirativas y la difusión de fake news que las mismas redes sociodigitales posibilitan. En suma, este capítulo pretende indagar cuáles son las bases de su indignación, de su desilusión y a qué se deben esos resentimientos que derivan en demandas de dignidad y de reconocimiento. Finalmente, el capítulo tres, “Comunidades identitarias”, expone el problema de la memoria como recurso identitario y político Dos tipos de memoria son analizados en este capítulo: la memoria manipulada y la memoria nostálgica. Ambas memorias están fuertemente imbricadas en la medida que los nacionalistas renuncian al pensamiento crítico y usan la manipulación ideológica para restaurar un pasado que se cree perdido o robado. Una de las hipótesis que guían el capítulo es que tanto la manipulación como la nostalgia restauradora hacen la búsqueda de la comunidad y la identidad nacionales de manera más emocional y política que imaginaria.
Zróżnicowanie geobotaniczne zbiorowisk seminaturalnych doliny Noteci Bystrej oraz ich rola w krajobrazie
Authors: Grzelak Mieczysław , Bocian Tomasz
Published: April 2022

In the years 2003–2004, 1350 ha area of the Bystra Note River valley was investigated. This area constitutes part of the wildfowl sanctuary called (Note River Marshy Meadows) which, because of its considerable biodiversity, is proposed to be placed under legal protection in the form of a reserve called (Romanowo-Radolin Marshy Meadow). The aim of the studies was to recognise and characterise eight seminatural communities and their landscape and aesthetic role. Phytosociological surveys were taken using the Braun-Blanquet method. Two computer programs were employed: TURBOVEG 9.38 and TWINSPAN [Hill 1992]. The nomenclature and syntaxonomic division of associations was adopted after Matuszkiewicz [2002]. Seminatural communities were allocated into the following two classes: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea R.Tx. 1937 in which four associations and two communities were distinguished, and Koelerio glaucae-Corynephoreta canescentis with two communities.
Correlation between selected factors and quality of seminatural Western Carpathian grasslands
Authors: Novák Ján
Published: April 2022

The research on the seminatural Western Carpathian grasslands (1992–2005) in Slovak

Republic with the altitude from 360 to 1150 m and inclination up to 28º, in the regions of Kysuce,

Orava, Liptov, Turiec, Považie, Horehronie, and Spiš presents 900 floristic analyses performed on 60 farms with the area of 9 712 ha. Regression and correlation analyses, namely pair coefficients of correlation and non-linear regression analysis (parabolic function), were used to study the correlation between the evaluation of the grassland quality (EGQ) and the selected factors (floristic group, leguminoses, other herbs and ferns in %, share of empty places in %, diversity of species, altitude and inclination). The progress of the correlation between the selected factors was analysed to set the optimal values EGQ. The diversity of species varied from 8 to 66 species, and the quality of the grassland (EGQ) varied from 8.50 to 85.38. A positive (direct) correlation was found out in case of two factors (% of grasses and leguminoses); while a negative (indirect) correlation was proved in case of the other factors (other herbs, empty places, number of species, altitude, exposition, and inclination).
Fertilization of garlic (Allium sativum L.) with nitrogen and sulphur
Authors: Lošák Tomáš , Wiśniowska-Kielian Barbara
Published: April 2022

In a vegetation pot trial the effect of three graded levels of sulphur in the soil (S0 = 18.3; S1 = 40; S2 = 60 mg S-SO4 kg-1) was explored under constant nitrogen nutrition (0.6 g N pot-1) on the yields and quality of spring garlic. Sulphur was applied as ammonium sulphate and nitrogen was maintained at a uniform level with ammonium nitrate. Mitscherlich’s pots were filled with medium heavy fluvial soil, which showed weak acid reaction, good supply of available phosphorus and potassium, high calcium content and very high magnesium content. Narrow-leaved spring giant garlic, variety ‘Prim’, were planted and harvested in the stage of full maturity. The amount of the yield was evaluated and nitrate content was measured direct in green plants with ion-selective electrode. Under the influence of the higher dosage of sulphur introduced to the soil the yields increased statistically significantly by as much as 9.8% compared with the control variant and by 6% compared to the lower dose of sulphur. With increasing sulphur levels in the soil the reduction of nitrates concentrations in edible parts of garlic was highly significant, i.e. by 9.5 to 22.7% compared to the control treatment. The permitted limit of nitrates according to the Regulations of the Ministry of Health No. 53/2002 Sb was not exceeded in any variant.
Występowanie naturalnych zespołów drobnoustrojów glebowych w strefie przykorzeniowej roślin wykorzystywanych w zagospodarowywaniu terenów przydomowych
Authors: Wielgosz Elżbieta , Szember Adam
Published: April 2022

The objective of the investigation was to observe the effect of selected plants on the development of the population of soil microbes in rhizosphere of these plants. Specialattention was paid to microflora of the domestic plants valued as animal fodder and also of great ecological importance in the removal of toxic substances from the environment, e.g. Sida hermaphrodita, Helianthus tuberosus, Konopianka osier, and American osier. Soil samples for microbiological analyses were collected from the rhizosphere and fallow soil in 2003, three times during the vegetation season. The analyses included determination of the total number of bacteria and fungi as well as the number of amylolitic, lipolytic, proteolitic, and ammonification bacteria and were conducted using dilution plate method. The number of cellulolitic and nitrifying bacteria was determined on the basis of the titre. Their most probable number was taken from Mc Crady tables. The content of ammonium nitrogen was determined by the nesslerisation method, nitrate nitrogen by the brucine method, and the respiration activity measured by the amount of liberated CO2 by Rühling method. Soil reaction was also determined potentiometrically (pH in KCl). Monthly and annual mean values for precipitation, temperature, and relative air humidity in the year of the research have also been presented in the paper. According to the findings, the papilionaceous plants used in the experiment acidified the soil environment, which favoured the development of filamentous fungi. These plants also provided suitable conditions for the development of proteolitic, ammonification, amylolitic, and lipolitic bacteria as well as for the increase of the total number of the bacteria. The greatest amount of liberated CO2 was stated under the aforementioned plants as well as in the rhizosphere of American osier. Both species of osier and Helianthus tuberosus, stimulated the development of cellulolitic bacteria, and American osier stimulated the development
Analiza struktur organizacji i działalności niektórych stowarzyszeń agroturystycznych w Polsce
Authors: Zuba Jan , Domański Romuald
Published: April 2022

The aim of the work was system analysis of organization and activity of the essential elements concerning 41 agro-tourist associations in Poland within 2001–2003. The survey was done with the help of inquiry questionnaire. The survey results allowed to create value system of coefficients describing chosen elements of analyzed associations’ organization and activity. The above coefficients described such criteria like: quantity, structure, place, time, relation, level, possession and experience. The results of the survey allowed to estimate both weaknesses and strengths of associations’ organization and activity. The survey shows the great degree of differentiation of organization elements of  both associations as well as services scope and quantity. The number of associations’ members grew about 16.8% but dynamics of agro-tourist households membership was 21.4%. The dynamics of rendered services was 88.5%. Associations which rendered services assessed the quality of services high. Among 25 kinds of services – 84% gained 4.0 note and often the note was higher. The trends of the organization and activity show their essential significance for the development agro-tourism.
Anaerobic Variables as Specific Determinants of Functional Classification in Wheelchair Basketball
Authors: Marszałek Jolanta , Kosmol Andrzej , Morgulec-Adamowicz Natalia , Mróz Anna , Gryko Karol , Klavina Aija , Skucas Kestutis , Navia José , Molik Bartosz
Published: April 2022

Every parasport is currently encouraged to consider evidence-based classification to develop their respective classification system. Therefore, the aims of this study were to: (1) assess the relationship between trunk function and anaerobic power determining proficiency in wheelchair basketball, and (2) define “natural classes” in wheelchair basketball based on anaerobic power. Fifty-nine elite players (representing five national teams) were divided into four main functional classes: Group 1 (n=17), Group 2 (n=14), Group 3 (n=16), Group 4 (n=12). They performed the 6x10s Anaerobic Power Test using an arm crank ergometer. Average values of mean power, peak power, relative mean power, relative peak power, and power decrement were calculated for the 6x10s and 3x10s tests. The Spearman’s correlation matrix revealed significant correlations between classes and values recorded in the 6x10s test. This confirmation between anaerobic power and players’ classification endorses the division of players into different classes. Furthermore, cluster analysis (with fair quality) divided players into two “natural classes”. The first resulting class was mainly formed of participants from Group 1 (71%). An important complement to this research could be to consider wheelchair acceleration and the volume of trunk action in wheelchair basketball classification.
A Study Comparing Gait and Lower Limb Muscle Activity During Aquatic Treadmill Running With Different Water Depth and Land Treadmill Running
Authors: So Billy , Kwok Manny , Fung Veron , Kwok Ally , Lau Crystal , Tse Alison , Wong Mini , Mercer John
Published: April 2022

Aquatic treadmill running is a partial weight-bearing exercise for rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface electromyography activities of the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris and medial head of gastrocnemius, and gait kinematics during aquatic treadmill running in water levels at waist, mid-thigh and mid-shin and on land. Seventeen healthy subjects (9 males and 8 females) were recruited by convenience sampling. Participants performed 2-min aquatic treadmill running at a specific speed for each water depth. The test speed was selected based upon the speed that elicited 110 steps per min. The surface electromyography data of lower limb muscles and the joint angles at three different water depths and on land were collected to evaluate the muscle activity and gait kinematics using a waterproofed surface electromyography system and inertial measurement unit for each muscle. Results showed that rectus femoris electromyography was different between depths during the swing and stance phases. Likewise, biceps femoris and tibialis anterior electromyography were different between depths for the swing phase. However, it was not the case for gastrocnemius electromyography. Peak flexion angles in both left and right hips were different between depths. A significant increase in a stance/swing ratio was observed with rising water depths. Water depth influenced muscle activity as well as kinematics. Aquatic treadmill running in the mid-thigh level should be further evaluated for its effectiveness, training value and applicability.
The Repeated Curve Sprint Test Appears to be an Appropriate Tool for Estimating Anaerobic Fitness in Young Trained Male Futsal Players
Authors: Parnow Abdolhossein , Amani-Shalamzari Sadegh , Mohr Magni
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to determine the magnitude of correlation between the repeated curve sprint test (RCST), the running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) and the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) in elite male futsal players to determine whether the field test can be a futsal-specific alternative assessment tool compared to the other tests. Fifteen trained futsal players (20±3 yrs) performed the RCST, RAST and WAnT in a crossover design over three weeks. Peak power (PP), average power (AP) and the fatigue index (FI) were obtained from the tests. Finger-prick blood-lactate measurements were performed before and after the tests, and heart rate loading was recorded. To assess the magnitude and direction of the relationship between variables the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was calculated. In respect of AP, there was a significant correlation between the RCST and both the WAnT (r=0.63, p=0.012) and the RAST (r=0.67, p=0.006). In respect of PP, the RCST only correlated with the RAST (r=0.71, p=0.003). In respect of the FI, the RCST did not correlate with either the RAST or the WAnT (p>0.05). Post-test heart rate values in the RCST correlated with those in both the WAnT (r=0.88, p=0.001) and the RAST (r=0.77, p=0.001). Also, post-test blood-lactate levels in the RCST correlated with those in both the RAST (r=0.58, p=0.025) and the WAnT (r=0.54, p=0.039). In conclusion, the RCST can be a valid and practical field test for measuring anaerobic fitness in competitive futsal players.
Computer Tomography (CT) Scans as a Diagnostic Tool for Interpretation of S10 Plastinated Slides from Dog Cadaver
Authors: Pendovski Lazo , Bozhinovski Dimitar , Ilievska Ksenija , Trojachanec Plamen , Ilieski Vlatko
Published: April 2022

Computed tomography (CT) is a routine method for the diagnosis of pathological structures in the body and has been widely used in veterinary medicine as an advanced diagnostic imagining tool in veterinary clinics. However, interpretation of CT scans requires detailed knowledge of topographical animal anatomy and usually has limited scan resolution due to the ambiguous relationship between signal intensity and tissue composition. The aim of the study was to assess the morphometric similarities between S10 plastinated slides and computer tomography (CT) scans and their usability as compatible paired diagnostic methods. A 3-year-old euthanized dog cadaver was scanned on SHIMADZU SCT/6800TXL scanner immediately post-mortem, then frozen at -80 °C to preserve the correct anatomical position, and plastinated with a standardized procedure. Semi-transparent transversal slices (5 mm) were obtained from the head, thoracic, and lumbar sections of the body. The S10 plastinated slides and CT scans contained fine and small anatomical structures with high similarity. The spatial relationships of all anatomical structures on the serial S10 platinates were in the correct anatomical position. In conclusion, S10 transversal slices showed high similarity with the CT scans and allowed identification of the corresponding morphological structures. The S10 thin plastinated transversal slices could be used for additional interpretation of CT transversal scans at veterinary clinics and as a didactical tool for veterinary students.
Thermal Study of Two Benzotriazole Derivatives
Authors: Lima Ana , Ribeiro da Silva Ana Luísa , Ribeiro da Silva Maria
Published: April 2022

An experimental study based on the thermal analysis of 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole and 5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole was developed, by using differential scanning calorimetry. Additionally, a summary of the experimental techniques and computational methodology being performed, in order to complement the energetic study of both compounds, is described. The knowledge of the thermochemical, thermophysical and structural properties of functionalized benzotriazoles is relevant for the evaluation of their chemical behaviour, as well as in the prediction of the reactivity of similar compounds that have not been thermodynamically characterized.
Editorial
Authors: Carbas Ricardo
Published: April 2022

This is the first issue of the Engineering Manufacturing Letters (EML). The journal is published by the University of Porto. The journal is expected to receive submissions from a wide range of industries such as transportation (automotive, rail, aeronautical and marine), packaging, electronics, sports, etc. In addition, intense research on this subject is also performed in academic contexts, and contributions by higher learning institutions and research centers are also expected. This journal will accept submissions on additive manufacturing, vacuum assisted high pressure die casting, semi-solid metal casting, compressive and tensile forming processes, micro and nano machining, nanocomposite manufacturing, adhesive bonding, laser cutting and joining, etc. Subtopics include modelling and optimization of manufacture processes, design for manufacturing strategies, development of new manufacturing technologies, design of novel manufacturing equipment, comparative case studies, cost and quality analysis, ecological aspects and destructive and non-destructive testing of manufactured components.
Influence of surface orientation on fatigue performance of as-built additively manufactured Inconel 718
Authors: Uriati Federico , Nicoletto Gianni , Riva Enrica , Varmus Tibor , Konečná Radomila
Published: April 2022

The fatigue performance of materials, such as Inconel 718, when produced by Laser Powder Bed fusion, needs to be fully understood to manage and exploit the full potential of this Additive Manufacturing technology. Microstructure and as-built surface morphology are strictly related to process parameters and are known to affect the fatigue response. The present contribution examines experimentally the fatigue behavior of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718 testing specimens printed along three different orientations with respect to the built direction. The observed directional fatigue behavior is discussed in terms of surface quality, near-surface microstructure and their interaction with the fatigue crack initiation mechanisms.
Improving the methodology to measure the shadow economy, considering the impact of the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: ORLOVA Dinara R.
Published: April 2022

Subject. The article discusses approaches and methods to measure the shadow economy in the context of the coronavirus pandemic.
Objectives. The purpose of the study is to perform a comprehensive analysis of the problem of measuring the shadow economy in the face of the COVID?19 pandemic, to add new terms and definitions to the framework of categories and concepts of model studies, based on changed socio-economic conditions.
Methods. The study rests on methods of logical analysis and the model approach.
Results. The paper reveals specific aspects of measuring the shadow economy in conditions of the pandemic, introduces the concept of false indicators of the shadow economy, underpins the economic substance of false indicators of the Russian shadow economy.
Conclusions. The pandemic has a dual (suppressive-and-stimulating) effect on shadow activities. A number of factors intensify the shadow economy expansion, however, the consequences of the pandemic (social isolation, wider use of digital technologies, including the contactless economy and systems for non-cash payments) lead to a decrease in shadow manifestations in the economy. Further research in this area, based on additions to the measurement methodology, proposed in this paper, can show whether the pandemic will result in the reduction of the shadow economy or only in the modification of its manifestations.
The impact of electric vehicles on the Russian automotive market
Authors: VERTOGRADOV Vladimir A. , IVANCHINA Anastasiya A.
Published: April 2022

Subject. We analyze the electric vehicle market development abroad and in Russia, and factors affecting the development.
Objectives. The aim is to study how the emergence of electric passenger transport can affect the entire Russian automotive market.
Methods. We employ methods of logical and statistical analysis.
Results. The demand for electric vehicles in Russia is formed by individuals for private use, legal entities for commercial use, and the State. By the end of 2021, the level, at which the market begins to grow due to the actions of the buyer, rather than the seller, has not yet been reached in Russia. According to experts, this level will be achieved, when the share of electric vehicles is 3-5% of the total fleet of the country. The analysis of international experience shows that the main driver of electric vehicle fleet expansion is government agencies that support the creation of charging and refueling infrastructure and economic incentives.
Conclusions. The electric vehicle market development in Russia is at its early stage, therefore, its impact on the entire car market is currently insignificant. The electric car market in Russia has not yet reached the level, at which it starts to grow due to the actions of the buyer, and the seller. To achieve this level, the State support is required to create refueling infrastructure and economic incentives for the population.
On the applicability of interdisciplinary methods in economic research
Authors: SUBTSEL'NАYА Tаt'yanа А. , TISHCHENKO Sergei A. , NEGRII Varvara A.
Published: April 2022

Subject. The importance of the research is determined by trends existing in modern science towards the synthesis of knowledge obtained within the framework of individual scientific disciplines, the need to modernize traditional methodological foundations of economic science.
Objectives. The purpose of the study is to assess prospects for the application of interdisciplinary methods in economic research.
Methods. We employ methods of comparative analysis, the historical method, method of observation and generalization.
Results. We unveiled the criteria of methodological consistency of interdisciplinary economic research, underpinned the necessity of interdisciplinary synthesis for effective solutions to modern research problems of economics.
Conclusions and Relevance. The developed recommendations on the application of interdisciplinary methodology enable to set and address problems of theoretical and applied economics more correctly.
Vendian of the Middle Urals: Paleoclimatic reconstructions based on chemical weathering indices
Authors: Maslov A. V.
Published: April 2022

Research subject. The clayey rocks of the Vendian Serebryanka and Sylvitsa groups on the western slope of the Middle Urals.

Material and methods. The research materials comprised data on the content of main rock-forming oxides in clayey rocks (mudstones, shales, fine-grained clayey siltstones, ≈180 samples in total) with the values of losses on ignition <6 wt %. This information, obtained at the beginning of 2000 by the X-ray fluorescence method at the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch of RAS, was used to calculate the average, minimum and maximum values of various weathering indices. Samples were taken from natural outcrops in the basins of the Chusovaya, Serebryanka, Sylvitsa, Mezhevaya Utka, Usva and Koiva rivers.

Results. It was established that the sedimentary sequences of the Serebryanka and Sylvitsa groups, in which diamictites are present at several levels, do not exhibit a noticeable contrast in the values of various chemical indices of weathering. For example, taking into account the values of standard deviations (±1σ), the values of the Ruxton coefficient for all nine Vendian formations are statistically comparable. The same is characteristic of the average values of CIA, CIW, PIA, ICV and MIA(o) for clayey rocks of different formations. Variations in the average CPA values show that, taking into account ±1σ, only the rocks of the Starye Pechi, Garevka and Perevalok formations can be considered statistically different. Taking into account ±1σ, the clayey rocks of the Buton Formation differ significantly from the fine-grained clastic rocks of the Garevka and Kernos formations in terms of the average value of the Mg-index. The clayey rocks of the Tanin and Kernos formations have a weak or moderate positive correlation between the TiO2/Al2O3 ratio and the Ruxton, PIA, ICV indices and the hydrolyzate modulus. This suggests the dependence of the listed indicators of the intensity of weathering from the composition of rocks in paleocatchments.

Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that, when averaging at the level of formations (even if the formations include quite a lot of undoubtedly glaciogenic deposits), we apparently do not record the specific contribution of the latter and, as a result, we obtain a substantially different picture than that which emerges for other Neoproterozoic deposits, including diamictites, varved clays, and intervals with dropstone.