bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПРАКТИКА ВИКЛАДАННЯ БАЗОВОЇ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «АНАТОМІЯ ЛЮДИНИ» ІНОЗЕМНИМ СТУДЕНТАМ
Authors: Kyryk Kh. A. , Borys R. Ya. , Mykhalevych M. M.
Published: January 2021

Анатомія людини – фундаментальна базова дисципліна, яку в повному обсязі мають засвоїти студенти всіх факультетів, у тому числі студенти-іноземці. Ця категорія студентів, навчаючись в українських вузах, відчуває складність не тільки в плані мовного бар’єра, оскільки перебуває в чужій для них країні, але й знаходиться в іншому культурному осередку, що потребує, в більшості випадків, тривалої адаптації. З потребою у вирішенні цих проблем зустрічається кожен викладач, який займається з даною категорією студентів, особливо на початкових курсах викладання, а також при організації процесу співпраці з іноземцями.
Всебічні знання з анатомії людини лежать в основі розуміння основних засад практичної медицини. Вивчення нормальної анатомії тіла людини є невід’ємною частиною навчального процесу у медичних вузах. Незважаючи на різноманітність інструментів та методів, які використовуються при викладанні анатомії, існує певна невизначеність по відношенню до методик, які забезпечують оптимальне засвоєння матеріалу. В цій статті здійснюється спроба дати відповідь на питання: як краще викладати анатомію іноземним студентам – дотримуючись балансу між використанням нових технологій і традиційних методів. У цьому дослідженні ми прагнемо оцінити, як студенти-медики вивчають анатомію. Проте важливо прослідкувати різні новітні  впровадження для студентів цієї категорії. Ми стараємось описати, які методи студенти вважають найбільш корисними для засвоєння анатомічних знань, допомагаючи тим самим покращити викладання анатомії, надати студентам матеріали й засоби для зрозуміння основ нормальної анатомії людини, необхідних для майбутнього розвитку студента-медика.
Для досягнення мети нашого предмета – з’ясування закономірностей будови організму й оволодіння об’ємним масивом фактологічного матеріалу – використовуються всі доступні і можливі традиційні та сучасні методологічні прийоми.
АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЛІКАРЯ-ІНТЕРНА ЗА СПЕЦІАЛЬНІСТЮ «ОРТОПЕДІЯ І ТРАВМАТОЛОГІЯ»
Authors: Marchenkova N. O. , Tsvyakh A. I. , Riabokon S. S. , Kopytchak I. R.
Published: January 2021

У статті проведено детальний аналіз складових частин навчального плану та програми підготовки лікаря-інтерна за спеціальністю «Ортопедія і травматологія» протягом дворічного періоду інтернатури. Виділені питання основного та суміжних блоків програми, які виносяться для вивчення за час інтернатури. Встановлені основні вимоги щодо знань та вмінь лікаря ортопеда-травматолога після закінчення інтернатури. Акцентована увага на необхідності забезпечення ортопедом-травматологом після закінчення інтернатури адекватного рівня обстеження та лікування хворих відповідно до сучасних досягнень медичної науки і техніки. Підкреслено, що до таких методів обстеження відносяться ультразвукова діагностика, КТ та МРТ. Також відмічено, що в кожному з теоретичних питань, що входять в основний блок, є посилання на характер та зміни цих обстежень. З іншого боку, при детальному вивченні переліку питань з підготовки ортопеда-травматолога, не знайдено розділу, присвяченого УЗД, КТ та МРТ. Розглянуто змодельовану ситуацію, коли необхідно самостійно проаналізувати МРТ- і КТ-зображення та правильно, точно, локально ввести необхідний препарат шляхом ін’єкції і виконати це під контролем сучасної апаратури з повною візуалізацією ушкодженої ділянки та препарату, що вводиться. Підкреслено, що проведення таких маніпуляцій потребує не лише знань, але і практичних навичок, отримання яких можливе лише після спеціальної теоретичної та практичної підготовки, не передбаченої в програмі підготовки ортопеда-травматолога. Отже, виявлено невідповідність між вимогами щодо знань та вмінь лікаря-спеціаліста за фахом «Травматологія та ортопедія» і змістом програми підготовки такого спеціаліста. Для вирішення даного питання запропоновано ввести в основний блок програми підготовки курс по вивченню додаткових методів обстеження опорно-рухового апарату, а саме УЗД, КТ та МРТ. Проводити даний курс паралельно з курсом клінічної топографічної анатомії, що сприятиме кращому клінічному розумінню. Розробити програму отримання основних практичних навичок, основаних на використанні даних методів.
Cell-Free DNA to Detect Heart Allograft Acute Rejection
Authors: Agbor-Enoh Sean , Shah Palak , Tunc Ilker , Hsu Steven , Russell Stuart , Feller Erika , Shah Keyur , Rodrigo Maria E. , Najjar Samer S. , Kong Hyesik , Pirooznia Mehdi , Fideli Ulgen , Bikineyeva Alfiya , Marishta Argit , Bhatti Kenneth , Yang Yanqin , Mutebi Cedric , Yu Kai , Kyoo Jang Moon , Marboe Charles , Berry Gerald J. , Valantine Hannah A. ,   For the GRAfT Investigators
Published: January 2021

Background:

After heart transplantation, endomyocardial biopsy (EMBx) is used to monitor for acute rejection (AR). Unfortunately, EMBx is invasive, and its conventional histological interpretation has limitations. This is a validation study to assess the performance of a sensitive blood biomarker—percent donor-derived cell-free DNA (%ddcfDNA)—for detection of AR in cardiac transplant recipients.

Methods:

This multicenter, prospective cohort study recruited heart transplant subjects and collected plasma samples contemporaneously with EMBx for %ddcfDNA measurement by shotgun sequencing. Histopathology data were collected to define AR, its 2 phenotypes (acute cellular rejection [ACR] and antibody-mediated rejection [AMR]), and controls without rejection. The primary analysis was to compare %ddcfDNA levels (median and interquartile range [IQR]) for AR, AMR, and ACR with controls and to determine %ddcfDNA test characteristics using receiver-operator characteristics analysis.

Results:

The study included 171 subjects with median posttransplant follow-up of 17.7 months (IQR, 12.1–23.6), with 1392 EMBx, and 1834 %ddcfDNA measures available for analysis. Median %ddcfDNA levels decayed after surgery to 0.13% (IQR, 0.03%–0.21%) by 28 days. Also, %ddcfDNA increased again with AR compared with control values (0.38% [IQR, 0.31–0.83%], versus 0.03% [IQR, 0.01–0.14%];
P
<0.001). The rise was detected 0.5 and 3.2 months before histopathologic diagnosis of ACR and AMR. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for AR was 0.92. A 0.25%ddcfDNA threshold had a negative predictive value for AR of 99% and would have safely eliminated 81% of EMBx. In addition, %ddcfDNA showed distinctive characteristics comparing AMR with ACR, including 5-fold higher levels (AMR ≥2, 1.68% [IQR, 0.49–2.79%] versus ACR grade ≥2R, 0.34% [IQR, 0.28–0.72%]), higher area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (0.95 versus 0.85), higher guanosine-cytosine content, and higher percentage of short ddcfDNA fragments.

Conclusions:

We found that %ddcfDNA detected AR with a high area under the receiver operator characteristic curve and negative predictive value. Monitoring with ddcfDNA demonstrated excellent performance characteristics for both ACR and AMR and led to earlier detection than the EMBx-based monitoring. This study supports the use of %ddcfDNA to monitor for AR in patients with heart transplant and paves the way for a clinical utility study.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02423070.
The Language Network Is Recruited but Not Required for Nonverbal Event Semantics
Authors: Ivanova Anna A. , Mineroff Zachary , Zimmerer Vitor , Kanwisher Nancy , Varley Rosemary , Fedorenko Evelina
Published: January 2021

The ability to combine individual concepts of objects, properties, and actions into complex representations of the world is often associated with language. Yet combinatorial event-level representations can also be constructed from nonverbal input, such as visual scenes. Here, we test whether the language network in the human brain is involved in and necessary for semantic processing of events presented nonverbally. In Experiment 1, we scanned participants with fMRI while they performed a semantic plausibility judgment task versus a difficult perceptual control task on sentences and line drawings that describe/depict simple agent–patient interactions. We found that the language network responded robustly during the semantic task performed on both sentences and pictures (although its response to sentences was stronger). Thus, language regions in healthy adults are engaged during a semantic task performed on pictorial depictions of events. But is this engagement necessary? In Experiment 2, we tested two individuals with global aphasia, who have sustained massive damage to perisylvian language areas and display severe language difficulties, against a group of age-matched control participants. Individuals with aphasia were severely impaired on the task of matching sentences to pictures. However, they performed close to controls in assessing the plausibility of pictorial depictions of agent–patient interactions. Overall, our results indicate that the left frontotemporal language network is recruited but not necessary for semantic processing of nonverbally presented events.
Categorical Shifts of the Idiom Ribono shel(a)olam: From a Tannaitic Vocative to a Jewish Theocentric Interjection to a Substrate Component in Israeli Hebrew Discourse
Authors: Neuman Yishai
Published: January 2021

Oral transmission of the Tannaitic Hebrew double genitive vocative ribbono šella‘olam ‘Master of the Universe’ maintains the definite article in the Hebrew component of two ancient Jewish vernaculars: Jewish Neo-Aramaic and Judeo-Arabic in Djerba. The textual transmission of the phrase, changed it graphemically from the Tannaitic original רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁלָּעוֹלָם into medieval רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם. The new spelling was the source of its final formation in Yiddish and Judeo-Spanish, without the definite article. The decategorialization of this double genitive phrase from a theocentric vocative to a semantically bleached interjection in these Jewish languages, especially Yiddish, was the point of departure for its meaning and pragmatic function in nascent spoken Modern Hebrew, as evidence from Mendele’s bilingual oeuvre indicates. It may be tentatively proposed that further grammaticalization and broadening of this substrate component structure-function pairing may have led to the emergence of a new category of analogically constructed discourse markers in Modern Hebrew.
Clinical Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Infection Types Distribution in Tissues of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiumei , Zhu Xianhai , Xu Xiaolan , Sun Chengfu , Geng Jianxiang , Fan Xuemei
Published: January 2021

In this article, we investigated prevalence and distributed types of human papillomavirus (HPV) among female cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients in eastern China (mainly in Jiangsu Province). Tissue samples of total 1021 cases with cervical squamous cell carcinoma were incurred
from female patients passing through biopsy or surgery. HPV DNA and genotypes of all subjects were examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene-chip. There were 937 positive cases among 1021 cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples with the total HPV infection rate of 91.77%.
The HPV infection rate of single type was 75.42%. The predominant types of single infection with HPV were HPV 16 (52.60%), HPV 18 (5.19%), HPV 58 (4.51%), HPV 52 (2.84%), HPV 31 (2.74%), HPV 33 (2.45%), HPV 59 (1.76%) and HPV 45 (0.88%). The HPV infection rate of multiple types was 16.35%.
The predominant types of multiple infection with HPV were HPV 16+18 (19.16%), 16+58 (6.59%),16+52 (5.99%), 16+33 (5.39%), 11+16 (2.99%), 16+31 (2.99%), 16+45 (2.99%), 16+42 (2.40%) and 16+59 (2.40%). Cervical squamous cell carcinomas had a close relationship with HPV infection. HPV 16, 18,
58, 52, 31, 33, 59, 45 with high prevalence in the cervical squamous cell carcinoma deserve great attention in eastern China (mainly in Jiangsu Province). The protection spectrum of divalent vaccine and ninevalent vaccine were, respectively, 68.52% (642/937) and 90.82% (851/937) in the cases
of cervical squamous cell carcinomas.
Chitosan-Based Composite Nanosilver Gel Application in Nursing Care of Intensive Care Unit Patients with Severe Burns
Authors: Rong Ningning , Yang Ruyan , Lu Yongzan
Published: January 2021

Burns are the most common clinical disease in daily life. Burn wounds are vulnerable to bacterial infection due to factors such as edema, hypoxia, and ischemia. However, traditional antibacterial supplements do not achieve satisfactory nursing results. Here, we use chitosan as a carrier
by introducing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) together. We have constructed a new type of high moisture retention, high oxygen permeability, high-efficiency chitosan-nanosilver@recombinant human epidermal growth factor (CSAgNPs@ rhEGF) antibacterial
hydrogel dressing. The clinical trials showed that the antibacterial effect of CS-AgNPs@rhEGF hydrogel dressings against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa.) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (Se.) was significantly better than that of petroleum jelly and 1% silver sulfadiazine
(1%-SSD). In addition, rhEGF promoted tissue cell proliferation and repair. Thus, the CS-AgNPs@rhEGF hydrogel dressing can significantly improve the wound healing rate and healing time in patients with severe burns compared with traditional dressings. Thus, CS-AgNPs@rhEGF hydrogel dressing
is expected to provide a new choice for clinical burn patients to prevent wound infection and tissue repair, and has a broad prospect in burn wound healing.
Examining and Delivery and Retention of a Paclitaxel Nano-Drug in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissues
Authors: Mou Fengping , Xiao Li , Xu Yuanqin
Published: January 2021

This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of a paclitaxel-loaded nano-drug (PTX-mPEGPLA) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PTX-mPEG-PLA nanoparticle (NP) was prepared by loading paclitaxel into the mPEG-PLA nanoparticle and purified by a thin-film hydration method.
C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a murine OSCC model. The mice were treated with saline control (G1), paclitaxel (G2), or PTX-mPEG-PLA NPs (G3). After 4 weeks of differential treatment, the saliva of mice in the G1, G2, and G3 groups was collected to detect the concentration of protein
markers of OSCC. Also, venous blood and cancer tissues of mice in the three groups were collected for drug concentration measurements. The paclitaxel concentration and retention in G3 mice were significantly higher and more prolonged than those in G2 mice, respectively (P < 0.05).
Compared to the level of OSCC protein markers in the saliva of mice in G1 and G2 that in G3 was the lowest. PTX-mPEG-PLA NPs demonstrates effective targeting in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma in mice. It can deliver the drug to the cancerous tissues, increase the drug retention
in the same tissues, and effectively inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of malignant tumors.
Variations in Flash Flood–Producing Storm Characteristics Associated with Changes in Vertical Velocity in a Future Climate in the Mississippi River Basin
Authors: Dougherty Erin , Rasmussen Kristen L.
Published: January 2021

The Mississippi River basin (MRB) is a flash flood hotspot receiving the most frequent flash floods and highest average rainfall accumulation of any region in the United States. Given the destruction flash floods cause in the current climate in the MRB, it is critical to understand how they will change in a future, warmer climate in order to prepare for these impacts. Recent work utilizing convection-permitting climate simulations to analyze future precipitation changes in flash flood–producing storms in the United States shows that the MRB experiences the greatest future increase in flash flood rainfall. This result motivates the goal of the present study to better understand the changes to precipitation characteristics and vertical velocity in flash flood–producing storms in the MRB. Specifically, the variations in flash flood–producing storm characteristics related to changes in vertical velocity in the MRB are examined by identifying 484 historical flash flood–producing storms from 2002 and 2013 and studying how they change in a future climate using 4-km convection-permitting simulations under a pseudo–global warming framework. In a future climate, precipitation and runoff increase by 17% and 32%, respectively, in flash flood–producing storms in the MRB. While rainfall increases in all flash flood–producing storms due to similar increases in moisture, it increases the most in storms with the strongest vertical velocity, suggesting that storm dynamics might modulate future changes in rainfall. These results are necessary to predict and prepare for the multifaceted impacts of climate change on flash flood–producing storms in order to create more resilient communities.
Skills and Limitations of the Adiabatic Omega Equation: How Effective Is It to Retrieve Oceanic Vertical Circulation at Mesoscale and Submesoscale?
Authors: Pietri Alice , Capet Xavier , d’Ovidio Francesco , Levy Marina , Le Sommer Julien , Molines Jean-Marc , Giordani Hervé
Published: January 2021

The quasigeostrophic and the generalized omega equations are the most widely used methods to reconstruct vertical velocity w from in situ data. As observational networks with much higher spatial and temporal resolutions are being designed, the question arises of identifying the approximations and scales at which an accurate estimation of w through the omega equation can be achieved and what critical scales and observables are needed. In this paper we test different adiabatic omega reconstructions of w over several regions representative of main oceanic regimes of the global ocean in a fully eddy-resolving numerical simulation with a 1/60° horizontal resolution. We find that the best reconstructions are observed in conditions characterized by energetic turbulence and/or weak stratification where near-surface frontal processes are felt deep into the ocean interior. The quasigeostrophic omega equation gives satisfactory results for scales larger than ~10 km horizontally while the improvements using a generalized formulation are substantial only in conditions where frontal turbulent processes are important (providing improvements with satisfactory reconstruction skill down to ~5 km in scale). The main sources of uncertainties that could be identified are related to processes responsible for ocean thermal wind imbalance (TWI), which is particularly difficult to account for (especially in observation-based studies) and to the deep flow that is generally improperly accounted for in omega reconstructions through the bottom boundary condition. Nevertheless, the reconstruction of mesoscale vertical velocities may be sufficient to estimate vertical fluxes of oceanic properties in many cases of practical interest.
The Relationship Among Trauma, Acculturation, and Mental Health Symptoms in Somali Refugees
Authors: Jorgenson Katherine C. , Nilsson Johanna E.
Published: January 2021

More than 100,000 Somali refugees have resettled in the United States, creating a need for additional research about mental health needs and premigration experiences that precede resettlement. The purpose of this study was to learn more about premigration traumatic experiences, the process of acculturation following resettlement, and the relationship between premigration trauma, acculturation, and mental health. Eighty Somali refugees from two mid-sized Midwestern cities participated. It was hypothesized that acculturation would mediate the relationship between premigration trauma and mental health symptoms. The results partially supported this hypothesis, dependent upon the dimension of acculturation included in the path analysis. Unexpected relationships among the various acculturation dimensions in the model (American cultural identity, English language competency, and American cultural competency) occurred with traumatic experiences, mental health symptoms, and time in the United States. We discuss implications and directions for future research, practice, advocacy, and training.
Antidepressant awareness and stigmatizing attitudes toward depression and antidepressants, a comparison between first and sixth-year medical students
Authors: Nalçakan Ayşe Derin , Şahin Ezgi Aysu , Yalcinkaya Oguz Kaan , Ak Sertac
Published: January 2021

Background and aim:

Psychiatric disorders and antidepressant usage rates have increased over the years. However, prejudice, self, and public stigma continue to impede patients from receiving appropriate treatment, especially in traditional societies. In this study, the views of first and sixth-year medical students were examined. We aimed to show the potential effect of public information and 6 years of medical education on knowledge and awareness.

Method:

Our target population was first and sixth-year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine at Hacettepe University in Ankara, Turkey, during the semester 2018–2019. For measurement, widely used scales such as the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory were administered. In addition, scales formed specifically by our research team: Sociodemographic information form and Depression and Antidepressant Awareness and Knowledge Scale were used.

Results:

Compared to first-year participants, sixth-year participants had significantly less stigmatizing views on individual statements. The overall stigma score of sixth-year participants was significantly lower ( p < .05) than first-year participants. Linear Regression Analysis showed that the only predictor of overall stigma score was the depression score ( p < .05, beta = −0.36), which acted as a negative predictor.

Discussion:

Sixth-year participants had higher rates of diagnosed psychiatric illness and psychiatric drug usage. Interestingly, the score was not a predictor of the overall stigma score. However, in the responses to individual statements, we observed an overall increase in knowledge and decreased stigma among the sixth-year participants compared to first-year participants. The effects of medical education on knowledge are significant overall. On the other hand, the level of knowledge and beliefs of our first-year participants, which are similar to the public, show a worrisome situation indicating that broader public education efforts are needed. Our study shows an encouraging perspective, indicating that public awareness campaigns can be very effective in increasing knowledge and decreasing misconceptions.
Social Media, Influencers, and Adoption of an Eco-Friendly Product: Field Experiment Evidence from Rural China
Authors: Zhang Wanqing , Chintagunta Pradeep K. , Kalwani Manohar U.
Published: January 2021

Can low-cost marketing tools that are used to enhance business performance also contribute to creating a better world? The authors investigate the role of online social media tools in alleviating customer (farmer) uncertainty and promoting the adoption of a new eco-friendly pesticide in rural China via a randomized controlled field experiment. The key finding is that even for a new product such as a pesticide, a low-cost social media support platform can effectively promote adoption. A combination of information from peers and from the firm on the platform facilitates learning about product features and alleviates uncertainty associated with product quality and appropriate product usage. Nevertheless, at the trial stage of the funnel, the platform underperforms the firm’s customized one-on-one support because available information does not resolve uncertainty in supplier credibility and product authenticity. Having an influencer on the platform, albeit not an expert on this product, vouching for its credibility helps resolve this funnel-holdup problem. From a theoretical perspective, this paper provides suggestive evidence for referent influence and credibility signaling on social media platforms and consequences for new product trial. The authors also provide direct empirical evidence on how information facilitates learning, a phenomenon typically assumed to be present in studies estimating learning models.
What Does It Mean to Be College-Ready for Career Technical Education?
Authors: Armstrong Sonya L. , Stahl Norman A , King James R.
Published: January 2021

Objective/Research Question:

Surprisingly, little research explores the literacy practices specific to career technical education (CTE) courses at the postsecondary level, yet the number of students coming to college needing literacy support continues to increase. There is a need for focused research on what constitutes college-readiness. The study described in this article addresses this overarching issue by exploring the text expectations, including text types, tasks, and goals in both CTE courses and developmental reading (DR) courses to determine whether, how, and to what extent text expectations align across the DR and CTE courses.

Methods:

This multisite research project involved three community colleges in one Midwestern state. Data sources included surveys, focus groups, and textbooks for all courses. Data collection procedures were comparable for each type of data, across all study sites, focal tracks, and constituency groups.

Results:

This study’s findings suggest a lack of alignment between the DR courses and the introductory-level CTE courses, on a number of levels.

Conclusions/Contributions:

This study’s findings suggest a need to continue investigating what constitutes college-ready for reading, across multiple disciplinary and career technical areas.
Nonlinear output path following control using a two-loop robust model predictive control approach
Authors: Farajzadeh-Devin Mohammad Ghassem , Hosseini Sani Seyed Kamal
Published: January 2021

In this paper, output tracking of a geometric path for a nonlinear uncertain system with input and state constraints is considered. We propose an enhanced two-loop model predictive control approach for output tracking of a nonlinear uncertain system. Additionally, we propose an optimal version of output path following control problem to improve the controller synthesis. Satisfaction of the dynamical constraints of a system such as velocity, acceleration and jerk limitations is added to the problem introducing a new augmented system. The recursive feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated, and its robust stability is guaranteed such that relaxation on the terminal constraint and penalty are achieved. To validate the theoretical benefits of the proposed controller, it is simulated on a SCARA robot manipulator and the results are compared with a two-loop model predictive controller successfully.
Effectiveness of Hands-Off Therapy in the Management of Primary Headache: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mukhtar Naziru Bashir , Meeus Mira , Gursen Ceren , Mohammed Jibril , De Pauw Robby , Cagnie Barbara
Published: January 2021

A number of hands-off therapies have been widely reported and are used in the management of headache. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess evidence supporting these therapies on selected headache outcomes. A systematic literature search for randomized clinical trials reporting on the effects of hands-off therapies for headache was performed in two electronic databases; PubMed and Web of Science (PROSPERO: CRD42018093559). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager v5.4. Thirty-five studies, including 3,403 patients with migraine, tension-type or chronic headaches were included in the review. Methodological quality of the studies ranged from poor to good. Result-synthesis revealed weak to moderate evidence for aerobic exercises, relaxation training and pain education for reducing disability. Other hands-off interventions were either weak or limited in evidence. Meta-analysis of 22 studies indicated that the effect of hands-off therapies significantly differed from one another for pain intensity, disability and quality of life (p < 0.05). Relaxation training, aerobic and active/stretching exercises had significant effect on pain intensity and disability (p < 0.05). To conclude, few hands-off therapies were effective on selected headache outcomes. Evidence to support other hands-off therapies is limited by paucity of studies.
BTS as method: a counter-hegemonic culture in the network society
Authors: Kim Ju Oak
Published: January 2021

This study focuses on the BTS sensation, examining how three entities – digital networks, the K-pop industry, and fandom – have engaged in the production of an alternative global culture. Based on a multimodal critical discourse analysis of this rising cultural act, the current study pays attention to the dialectical interaction of digital transformation and cultural subjectivization in the contemporary music ecosystem. By integrating Manuel Castells’ notion of the network society into Stuart Hall’s articulation of cultural resistance, I consider BTS as a counter-hegemonic cultural formation from the periphery within the network society. I also argue that the BTS phenomenon has not only unveiled the ideological dimension of Korean cultural formations, but has also proposed new possibilities of non-western and peripheral societies and subjects in the globally networked cultural sphere.
Fitting latent growth models with small sample sizes and non-normal missing data
Authors: Shi Dexin , DiStefano Christine , Zheng Xiaying , Liu Ren , Jiang Zhehan
Published: January 2021

This study investigates the performance of robust maximum likelihood (ML) estimators when fitting and evaluating small sample latent growth models with non-normal missing data. Results showed that the robust ML methods could be used to account for non-normality even when the sample size is very small (e.g., N < 100). Among the robust ML estimators, “MLR” was the optimal choice, as it was found to be robust to both non-normality and missing data while also yielding more accurate standard error estimates and growth parameter coverage. However, the choice “MLMV” produced the most accurate p values for the χ2 test statistic under conditions studied. Regarding the goodness of fit indices, as sample size decreased, all three fit indices studied (i.e., comparative fit index, root mean square error of approximation, and standardized root mean square residual) exhibited worse fit. When the sample size was very small (e.g., N < 60), the fit indices would imply that a proposed model fit poorly, when this might not be actually the case in the population.
Duality and Social Position: Role expectations of people who combine outsider-ness and insider-ness in organizational change
Authors: Nigam Amit , Sackett Esther , Golden Brian
Published: January 2021

A person’s social position shapes whether and how they can influence organizational change. While prior research establishes people whose social position combines outsider-ness and insider-ness as important change agents, we know little about how they influence change. We analyse a peer coaching initiative in Canadian hospitals to explain how outsider-insiders – in this case, organizational outsiders with professional proximity – advance change. Peer coaches were able to influence change by establishing and enacting a dual outsider-insider role and associated role expectations. We advance theory by showing that role expectations emphasizing duality that are rooted in social position, but created through social interaction, are a key mechanism by which the potential of outsider-insider social positions can be activated and mobilized to influence change. We advance theory on social position generally by highlighting the potential for integrating a symbolic interactionist perspective – focused on role expectations – into Bourdieu’s theory of fields.
Appearance of Heterogeneous Macrophages During Development of Isoproterenol-Induced Rat Myocardial Fibrosis
Authors: Koga Masaaki , Karim Mohammad Rabiul , Kuramochi Mizuki , Izawa Takeshi , Kuwamura Mitsuru , Yamate Jyoji
Published: January 2021

Macrophages appearing in lesions are polarized toward M1 (for inflammation) and M2 (for anti-inflammation/fibrosis) types. We analyzed immunophenotypes of macrophages appearing in myocardial lesion in rats injected once with isoproterenol (10 mg/kg body weight). Inflammation following myocardial necrosis on day 1 was seen with a peak on days 3 and 5, and thereafter, reparative fibrosis developed on days 7 to 28. CD68+ M1 macrophages were seen in the early stages of injury and inflammatory on days 1 to 7, and thereafter, CD163+ M2 macrophages increased in the late stages of fibrosis on days 7 to 28. There was the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages. The kinetics of macrophages reacting to Iba-1 and Galectin-3 was similar to that of M1 macrophages, indicating that Iba1- and Gal-3-positive macrophages might have functions of M1 type. Double immunofluorescence revealed that CD204- and MHC class II-positive macrophages are polarized toward M1 and M2 types, respectively. CCR2 messenger RNA expression is transiently elevated on day 1. Since CCR2 is a marker of blood monocytes, M1 macrophages might be recruited from blood monocytes. Collectively, macrophages expressing heterogeneous immunophenotypes participate in myocardial fibrosis. These findings would be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis and analyzing myocardial toxicity.
Introduction to Special Issue on Ocular Pathology and Drug Development
Authors: Ramos Meg F. , Schafer Kenneth A. , Sorden Steven D.
Published: January 2021

Dysfunction of the visual system remains a leading cause of human disability worldwide. Preclinical studies are a key component of efforts to develop drugs and devices to ameliorate visual impairment. Although new opportunities for the delivery of targeted ocular therapeutics have been created, clinical success has been confounded by unique challenges of drug development for the eye. This Special Issue brings together a broad range of articles that augment our current understanding of the visual system and highlight methods for assessing ocular toxicity and some of the current challenges in ocular drug development. Topics addressed include the anatomy, developmental anatomy, and/or immunobiology of the visual system and associated lymphoid tissues; animal models; methods for assessing ocular toxicity; spontaneous background and procedure-related microscopic findings and common artifacts in histologic sections of ocular tissues; and novel ocular drug delivery systems.
Association Between Conflict of Interest and Published Position on Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Sleep Apnea
Authors: Crossley Jason R. , Wallerius Katherine , Hoa Michael , Davidson Bruce , Giurintano Jonathan P.
Published: January 2021

Objective

To determine if there is an association between authors’ financial conflict of interest and published position on clinical use of hypoglossal nerve stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Design

Retrospective cross‐sectional analysis.

Setting

International roster of authors and articles analyzed.

Methods

A Google Scholar search was performed for editorials and reviews citing the 2014 New England Journal of Medicine article on hypoglossal nerve stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea. Included articles were coded as favorable or neutral. Conflict of interest was recorded as declared by the authors in these articles and as independently searched in the Open Payments registry.

Results

Sixteen articles from 45 independent authors were analyzed. Nine articles by authors were coded as favorable. Among authors of articles with favorable views, 16 (59%) had a financial conflict of interest with the manufacturer of the hypoglossal nerve stimulator device, as opposed to only 1 of 21 (5%) authors of neutral/unfavorable articles. When we included only authors to whom payments could be identified or excluded on Open Payments, 16 of 20 (80%; 95% CI, 62%‐98%) authors of favorable articles had a financial conflict, while 1 of 10 (10%; 95% CI, 0%‐29.6%) of neutral/unfavorable articles did (P =. 004).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates an association between published position on hypoglossal nerve stimulator use and financial conflict with the device manufacturer. Several undeclared conflicts were also found, suggesting a role for independent search for conflicts during the review process.
Periprosthetic Leakage in Tracheoesophageal Prosthesis: Proposal of a Standardized Therapeutic Algorithm
Authors: Parrilla Claudio , Longobardi Ylenia , Galli Jacopo , Rigante Mario , Paludetti Gaetano , Bussu Francesco , Scarano Emanuele
Published: January 2021

Objective

Periprosthetic leakage represents the most demanding long‐term complication in the voice prosthesis rehabilitation. The aim of this article is to discuss the various causes of periprosthetic leakage and to propose a systematic management algorithm.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Otolaryngology clinic of the University Polyclinic A. Gemelli–IRCCS Foundation.

Methods

The study included 115 patients with voice prosthesis who were treated from December 2014 to December 2019. All patients who experienced periprosthetic leakage were treated with the same step‐by‐step therapeutic approach until it was successful. Incidence, management, and success rate of every attempt are analyzed and discussed.

Results

Periprosthetic leakage was reported 330 times by 82 patients in 1374 clinic accesses. Radiotherapy, timing of tracheoesophageal puncture, and type of total laryngectomy (primary or salvage) did not influence the incidence of periprosthetic leakage. Salvage total laryngectomy increases the risk of more clinically relevant leakages.

Conclusion

By using a systematic algorithm with a step‐by‐step standardized approach, periprosthetic leakage management could become a less treacherous issue.
Exploring the aids of social media for musical instrument education
Authors: Lei Sum Yi , Chiu Dickson K.W. , Lung Mavis Man-wai , Chan Cheuk Ting
Published: January 2021

With the rapid development of information communication technology, social media has become a necessary part of people’s daily life. Recently, many music teachers have applied social media to augment their classes and enhance their teaching. This article explores the use of social media for musical instrument education, with a focus on the violin and piano. A qualitative semi-structured interview was conducted with eight music teachers from music centers and studios. Our participants revealed that social media creates a virtual environment to extend (but not to replace) face-to-face instruction, which facilities knowledge sharing, arouses students’ interest, and supports communication. For pedagogy, social media helps students improve musical instrument playing techniques (e.g., posture, fingering, and rhythm) and musical styles. Drawbacks of applying social media are mainly the quality of content, difficulties in differentiating subtle differences (e.g., intonation), and inadequate talent of some students. Therefore, teachers need to pay attention to these issues and use social media to develop a better educating environment for individual learners.
Preservice music teachers in Korea and their collaborative reflection with peers
Authors: Shin Jihae
Published: January 2021

Recently, many researchers and scholars have focused on reflective teaching to support good practices in teaching. For effective reflection, it is necessary to encourage teachers’ reflection by promoting collaboration during which they can discuss various teaching issues and problems while supporting each other. The purpose of this study was to investigate Korean preservice music teachers’ experience in collaborative reflection sessions. I used data collected through observations, the participants’ reflective journals, and individual interviews. The results showed that as the participants gained experience while observing and teaching music classes, the contents of their reflections on technical and practical matters became more varied. Additionally, the participants’ reflective thinking, applied critically, tended to focus on the social context of the music classroom. In addition, participants predominantly showed technical level of reflective thinking rather than practical and critical levels. Finally, the results revealed that the collaborative approach enabled prospective music teachers to broaden the scope of their reflective thinking, and a sense of emotional safety in the collaborative group allowed them to honestly confront their own teaching worries and problems.
Foreign Language Usage and National and European Identification in the Netherlands
Authors: Cárdenas Diana , Verkuyten Maykel
Published: January 2021

Multilingualism is considered a pathway to European identification but might also undermine national identification. We examine regular foreign language usage and two psychological constructs that can explain the relationship between multilingualism and European and national identification in the Netherlands: greater mental openness and a deprovincialized worldview. Using structural equation modeling, the results of two studies conducted with national Dutch samples show that foreign language usage predicted greater mental openness (cultural in Study 1, and cognitive in Study 2), which then predicted greater European identification. Foreign language usage also predicted greater deprovincialization which, in turn, predicted lower national identification.
The Cynic Scandal: Parrhesia, Community, and Democracy
Authors: Di Gesu Andrea
Published: January 2021

The aim of this article is to study parrhesia as a form of political performativity. The study of parrhesia as a speech act has been inaugurated by the researches of Lorenzini, who has proposed an in-depth analysis of the parrhesiastic speech act: we nonetheless believe that some features of parrhesiastic performativity urge us to broaden some aspects of his theory. In the first section of this article we will study the nature of parrhesiastic utterance, where Lorenzini’s theses will be discussed through the use of Butler’s approach. In the second section, we will examine the characteristics of Cynic performativity through our theoretical framework, in order to give an example of its effectiveness. We will put forward, then, an overall interpretation of parrhesia, which will be redefined as a communitarian performativity and, furthermore, as an innovative model of radical democracy.
Treatment of superficial vein thrombosis with intermediate dose of tinzaparin: A real word cohort study – The SeVEN EXTension study
Authors: Karathanos Christos , Chatzis Dimitrios , Latzios Panagiotis , Papakostas Ioannis , Goumas Konstantinos , Giannoukas Athanasios D ,   on behalf of the SeVEN EXT Collaborators
Published: January 2021

Background

To assess the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) with intermediate dose of tinzaparin in a setting of real world practice.

Methods

Prospective observational study of consecutive patients treated by vascular physicians in the private sector with tinzaparin (131 IU/Kg) once daily. Treatment duration was at the treating physician’s discretion. The outcomes of the study were symptomatic venous thromboembolism, extension of thrombus and bleeding complications.

Results

660 patients were included and followed up for at least 3 months. Median duration of treatment was 30 days (14–120). History of prior deep vein thrombosis (HR 2.77; 95% CI= 1.18–6.49; p = 0.018) and current SVT above the knee (HR1.84; 95% CI = 1.33–3.53; p = 0.0002) were associated with prolonged treatment duration. Primary efficacy outcomes occurred in 20 (3%) patients. The median time to the event was 24 (6–92) days and was not related to treatment duration.

Conclusions

Tinzaparin at intermediate dose is an effective and safe treatment for SVT.
Disability assessment in stroke: Relationship among the pictorial-based Longshi Scale, the Barthel Index, and the modified Rankin Scale
Authors: Gao Yan , Wang Yulong , Li Dongxia , Zhao Jingpu , Dong Zhiyuan , zhou Jing , Fu Guanqi , Zhang Jing
Published: January 2021

Objective:

To explore the correlations among the Longshi Scale, the Barthel Index, and the modified Rankin Scale and the differentiate ability of the Longshi Scale and the modified Rankin Scale to Barthel Index scores.

Design:

Prospective study.

Setting:

The inpatient rehabilitation units of three teaching hospitals in China.

Subjects:

A total of 343 stroke inpatients were recruited through convenience sampling.

Main measures:

Pictorial-based Longshi Scale, Barthel Index, and modified Rankin Scale.

Results:

The Longshi Scale was highly and moderately correlated with the Barthel Index and modified Rankin Scale, respectively. The median frequency distribution of the Barthel Index was slightly overlapped between Longshi Scale grades 2 and 3 but was considerably overlapped among modified Rankin Scale grades 1, 2, and 3. The Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparison tests showed that, among the modified Rankin Scale grades, the median Barthel Index scores did not differentiate between grades 1 and 2 ( χ2 = 20.643, P = 1.000), between grades 1 and 3 ( χ2 = 60.404, P = 0.070), and between grades 2 and 3 ( χ2 = 39.760, P = 0.232). Among the Longshi Scale grades, the median Barthel Index scores did not differentiate between grades 2 and 3 ( χ2 = 48.778, P = 1.000), between grades 3 and 4 ( χ2 = 57.094, P = 1.000), and between grades 5 and 6 ( χ2 = 24.709, P = 1.000).

Conclusion:

Using the Barthel Index as reference, the proposed Longshi Scale has better ability than the modified Rankin Scale in differentiating stroke patients’ disability, especially for those with higher level of activities of daily living.
Is pituitary MRI screening necessary in cluster headache?
Authors: Grangeon Lou , O’Connor Emer , Danno Daisuke , Ngoc Thanh Mai Pham , Cheema Sanjay , Tronvik Erling , Davagnanam Indran , Matharu Manjit
Published: January 2021

Objective

To determine the prevalence and clinical predictors of pituitary adenomas in cluster headache patients, in order to determine the necessity of performing dedicated pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cluster headache.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted of all consecutive patients diagnosed with cluster headache and with available brain magnetic resonance imaging between 2007 and 2017 in a tertiary headache center. Data including demographics, attack characteristics, response to treatments, results of neuroimaging, and routine pituitary function tests were recorded.

Results

Seven hundred and eighteen cluster headache patients attended the headache clinic; 643 underwent a standard magnetic resonance imaging scan, of whom 376 also underwent dedicated pituitary magnetic resonance imaging. Pituitary adenomas occurred in 17 of 376 patients (4.52%). Non-functioning microadenomas (n = 14) were the most common abnormality reported. Two patients, one of whom lacked the symptoms of pituitary disease, required treatment for their pituitary lesion. No clinical predictors of those adenomas were identified after multivariate analysis using random forests. Systematic pituitary magnetic resonance imaging scanning did not benefit even a single patient in the entire cohort.

Conclusion

The prevalence of pituitary adenomas in cluster headache is similar to that reported in the general population, thereby precluding an over-representation of pituitary lesions in cluster headache. We conclude that the diagnostic assessment of cluster headache patients should not include specific pituitary screening. Only patients with standard brain magnetic resonance imaging findings or symptoms suggestive of a pituitary disorder require brain magnetic resonance imaging with dedicated pituitary views.