bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving 1-Year Outcomes of Infrainguinal Limb Revascularization
Authors: Heikkila Katriina , Mitchell David C. , Loftus Ian M. , Johal Amundeep S. , Waton Sam , Cromwell David A.
Published: January 2018

Background:

The availability and diversity of lower limb revascularization procedures have increased in England in the past decade. We investigated whether these developments in care have translated to improvements in patient pathways and outcomes.

Methods:

Individual-patient records from Hospital Episode Statistics were used to identify 103 934 patients who underwent endovascular (angioplasty) or surgical (endarterectomy, profundaplasty, or bypass) lower limb revascularization for infrainguinal peripheral artery disease in England between January 2006 and December 2015. Major lower limb amputations and deaths within 1 year after revascularization were ascertained from Hospital Episode Statistics and Office for National Statistics mortality records. Competing risks regression was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of major amputation and death, adjusted for patient age, sex, comorbidity score, indication for the intervention (intermittent claudication, severe limb ischemia without record of tissue loss, severe limb ischemia with a record of ulceration, severe limb ischemia with a record of gangrene/osteomyelitis), and comorbid diabetes mellitus.

Results:

The estimated 1-year risk of major amputation decreased from 5.7% (in 2006–2007) to 3.9% (in 2014–2015) following endovascular revascularization, and from 11.2% (2006–2007) to 6.6% (2014–2015) following surgical procedures. The risk of death after both types of revascularization also decreased. These trends were observed for all indication categories, with the largest reductions found in patients with severe limb ischemia with ulceration or gangrene. Overall, morbidity increased over the study period, and a larger proportion of patients was treated for the severe end of the peripheral artery disease spectrum using less invasive procedures.

Conclusions:

Our findings show that from 2006 to 2015, the overall survival increased and the risk of major lower limb amputation decreased following revascularization. These observations suggest that patient outcomes after lower limb revascularization have improved during a period of centralization and specialization of vascular services in the United Kingdom.
Oat, wheat and sorghum cultivars for the management of Meloidogyne enterolobii
Authors: de Brida Andressa Lima , Castro Bárbara Monteiro de Castro e , Zanuncio José Cola , Serrão José Eduardo , Wilcken Silvia Renata Siciliano
Published: January 2018

Meloidogyne enterolobii, reported in different regions of Brazil, is a polyphagous nematode parasitising plants resistant to other root-knot nematode species. This study evaluated the resistance of six cultivars of Avena sativa, seven cultivars of Triticum aestivum and 13 hybrids of Sorghum bicolor to M. enterolobii. The experiment was conducted in a glasshouse. The soil was autoclaved and infested with 5000 eggs of M. enterolobii. The tomato ‘Rutgers’ was used as the susceptible standard to this nematode. The indices of galls, egg masses, and reproduction factor of M. enterolobii were evaluated 60 days after inoculation. This nematode did not reproduce in any of the genotypes considered resistant. The oat, wheat and sorghum cultivars studied may be recommended for crop rotation in areas infested with M. enterolobii.
Description of Myolaimus mycophilus Slos & Bert sp. n. (Rhabditida: Myolaimidae)
Authors: Slos Dieter , Couvreur Marjolein , Bert Wim
Published: January 2018

Myolaimus mycophilusSlos & Bert sp. n. was isolated from mushrooms from different locations in Belgium and cultured on nutrient agar seeded withEscherichia coliOP50.Myolaimus mycophilussp. n. is characterised by a unique combination of the following characters: adults with lateral fields not differentiated, buccal cavity triangular, cheilostom anisomorphic, female with a post-vulval uterine sac as long as the corresponding body diam., wrinkled eggshell, male with seven pairs of genital papillae, cloacal aperture covered by a trapezoidal cloacal flap and with a single ventral papilla at its base. The new species andM. goodeyorumAndrássy, 1984 were molecularly characterised by sequencing the 18S and D2-D3 28S expansion segments of rDNA. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed based on concatenated analyses and the phylogenetic placement ofMyolaimus, an intriguing genus within the Rhabditida, is discussed.
Effects of irradiation on the reproduction of Rotylenchulus reniformis
Authors: Myers Roxana Y. , Follett Peter A. , Mello Cathy L. , Snook Kirsten A.
Published: January 2018

Rotylenchulus reniformis is an agricultural pest of economic and regulatory importance. The effects of irradiation on second-stage juveniles (J2) of R. reniformis were evaluated in a glasshouse bioassay. Nematodes were irradiated in an aqueous solution in plastic tubes within cored Ipomoea batatas roots. Radiation treatment doses ranged from 100 to 2000 Gy. After irradiation, nematodes were inoculated into pots containing I. batatas plants and plants were harvested after 3 months to evaluate nematode reproduction. No live R. reniformis were recovered from plants inoculated with irradiated J2 treated with a radiation dose of 300 Gy or higher. Reproductive potential was significantly reduced at radiation doses as low as 100 Gy compared with untreated controls. A radiation dose of 300 Gy should provide quarantine security for commodities infected with R. reniformis.
Quercus candicans (Fagaceae) is not a Quercus but a Roldana (Asteraceae)
Authors: VALENCIA-A. SUSANA , COOMBES ALLEN , VILLASEÑOR JOSÉ LUIS
Published: January 2018

A revision of type material of Quercus candicans at the Herbarium of the Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (MA), as well as the original description revealed misplacement in the genus Quercus (Fagaceae). The type of Q. candicans clearly corresponds to Roldana lineolata (Asteraceae). A detailed study of types and protologues of the synonyms previously placed under Q. candicans by Muller and Trelease, indicate the oldest valid name for this species is Q. calophylla, which the material referred to this species must now be called. The taxonomic confusion is clarified and a new combination in Roldana, based on Q. candicans is proposed.
Description and DNA barcoding of Lycenchelys lenzeni, a new species of eelpout (Perciformes: Zoarcidae) from the deep sea off the Kuril Archipelago
Authors: THIEL RALF , KNEBELSBERGER THOMAS , EIDUS IRINA
Published: January 2018

A new species of eelpout genus Lycenchelys Gill, 1884 is described based on seven specimens caught at a depth of about 2350 m in the Bussol Strait, southwest of the Kuril Island Simushir. The species differs from its congeners in the following combination of characters: vertebrae 26–28 + 100–102 = 126–130; interorbital and occipital pores absent; postorbital pores 3–4; suborbital pores 7 (rarely 6); preoperculomandibular pores 4 + 4; gill rakers 11–16; dorsal fin rays 118–122; anal fin rays 105–108; pelvic fin rays 2; middle and lower ray tips of pectoral fin very slightly exserted; lateral line double with mediolateral and ventral branches; pyloric caeca not developed. The new species is morphologically most similar to Lycenchelys micropora and Lycenchelys jordani, which differ from the new species in having three pelvic-fin rays (vs. two pelvic-fin rays in the new species). L. micropora has the pectoral-fin origin below body midline, whereas the new species has the pectoral-fin origin at body midline. Middle and lower ray tips of pectoral fin are very slightly exserted in L. lenzeni sp. nov., whereas they are well exserted in L. jordani and L. micropora. Mitochondrial COI sequences were analyzed from four paratype specimens and all show the same haplotype sequence. The DNA barcodes allowed discrimination of L. lenzeni sp. nov. from other species of Lycenchelys where sequence data were available. The nearest match with already published sequences was Lycenchelys antarctica, with a sequence similarity of 98.25%, followed by Lycenchelys aratrirostris (sequence similarities 97.95–97.96%) and L. jordani (sequence similarity of 97.81%).
A new species of Leiobunum from Arizona, U. S. A. highlights the limits of typological classification in harvestmen (Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae: Leiobuninae)
Authors: SHULTZ JEFFREY W.
Published: January 2018

A new species of leiobunine harvestman from the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona is described. The species lacks pro- and retrolateral submarginal rows of coxal denticles, a feature often considered diagnostic for the polyphyletic Nelima, and has greatly reduced ventral dentition on the palpal claw, as in the monotypic Leuronychus. In most other respects, the species is uniquely similar to members of a clade from central and western Mexico currently in the poly- and/or paraphyletic Leiobunum. These traits include a supracheliceral lamina with a wide transverse plate and a canaliculate ocularium, with an anterior surface that slopes dorsoposteriorly and a posterior surface that bulges rearward and is constricted at its base.  There is thus a conflict between classification using traditional diagnostic characters and classification using unique similarity of non-traditional characters. The problem is exacerbated by the problematic status of each candidate genus. Here the species is placed in Leiobunum as L. silum sp. nov., a decision that gives weight to probable phylogenetic affinity with species currently placed in that genus. Leiobunum silum provides an excellent example of the limits of traditional typological classification and the need for a broad-scale morphological and molecular revision of sclerosomatid harvestmen.
Aspiring writers and appraisal devices under market uncertainty
Authors: Fürst Henrik
Published: January 2018

Aspiring artists are uncertain about how their work’s quality will be evaluated by gatekeepers on artistic markets. Learning to evaluate the quality of one’s work and its prospects on the artistic market is central to artistic careers, yet often overlooked in research. An analysis of 47 interviews with aspiring writers in Sweden shows that they use what in this article is coined appraisal devices to deal with this market uncertainty. Appraisal devices offer trusted and knowledgeable appraisals of their work’s chances of success and failure on the artistic market. Appraisals from assessors become appraisal devices when assessors are trusted and seen as knowledgeable about how works are evaluated on the artistic market and are able to produce such evaluations. Appraisals from competitions become appraisal devices when the writer sees the evaluation as reflecting how the writer’s work will be evaluated on the artistic market. In contrast to judgment devices, which take the perspective of cultural consumption, appraisal devices take the perspective of cultural production. Aspiring artists use appraisal devices to deal with the uncertainty of their chances of success on the artistic market.
Association Between Serum LDL-C and ApoB and SYNTAX Score in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Lin Taiwu , Wang Luzhao , Guo Jingbin , Liu Peng , Chen Liheng , Wei Mengqiu , Li Gongxin
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo) B levels and the SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score (SS) in patients with stable angina pectoris. We enrolled 594 patients who were suspected to have coronary heart disease (CHD) and who underwent coronary angiography. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on the SS: normal (SS = 0, n = 154), low SS (SS ≤ 22, n = 210), intermediate SS (22 < SS < 32, n = 122), and high SS (SS ≥ 33, n = 63). Positive correlations between lipoprotein (a), LDL-C, ApoB, total cholesterol, and SS were significant ( r = 0.132, 0.632, 0.599, and 0.313, respectively; P < .01), whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), ApoA1, and ApoA1/ApoB levels showed a significant negative correlation ( r = −0.29, −0.344, and −0.561, respectively; P < .01). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that LDL-C, ApoB, ApoA1/ApoB, fibrinogen (Fg), and HDL-C levels had an effect on SS (standardized regression coefficients were 0.41, 0.29, −0.12, 0.08, and −0.09, respectively; P < .05). In conclusion, LDL-C, ApoB, ApoA1/ApoB, Fg, and HDL-C levels affected the SS and were predictors of CHD complexity.
Bilateral Ossicular Head Dehiscence Into the Middle Cranial Fossa
Authors: Alvi Sameer A. , Jones Joel W. , Lin Jim
Published: January 2018

Objectives:

To describe a unique case of bilateral dehiscence of the malleus and incus heads into the middle fossa making contact with the temporal lobes, along with its clinical implications.

Methods:

An analysis of a patient case and review of pertinent literature were performed.

Results:

A patient with a history of right-sided mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma was evaluated for persistent conductive hearing loss. On computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the patient had a complete dehiscence of the tegmen tympani on the right, with ossicular heads being located above the floor of the middle cranial fossa. A similar finding to a milder degree was noted on the left. The patient underwent revision tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy with removal of the incus and ossicular chain reconstruction and middle fossa craniotomy for repair of the right epitympanic dehiscence.

Conclusions:

We present some of the unique imaging and operative findings involved in an unusual presentation of encephalocele in which the bilateral malleus and incus heads rise above the level of the middle fossa floor.
Radiocontrast Dye Extravasation During Sialography
Authors: Truong Kristy , Hoffman Henry T. , Policeni Bruno , Maley Joan
Published: January 2018

Objective:

Evaluate the pathophysiology of contrast extravasation.

Methods:

Two hundred fifty-five sialograms at the University of Iowa from 2008 to 2016 were reviewed.

Results:

Twelve sialograms (4.7% of total) were identified with main ductal extravasation. In each case, ductal stenosis as a diagnosis was supported by clinical history and the finding of difficulty in advancing the cannula into the duct during sialography. In all but 1 case, extravasation occurred at the distal duct with no further imaging of the ductal system. Each of the 5 cases treated with sialendoscopy with or without gland resection confirmed stenosis. Ultrasound evaluation of 5 of the cases detected ductal dilation in 4 (80%). Six of 11 computed tomography scans done before the sialogram were interpreted as normal with indirect evidence for ductal stenosis (duct dilation) reported in only 1. All extravasations were associated with either stricture alone or stricture with stone (1 case).

Conclusion:

Radiocontrast extravasation from the main duct during sialography is highly associated with the presence of ductal stricture. In our experience, the inability to fill the ductal system with radiocontrast is a useful sialographic finding that correlated closely with anatomic abnormality rather than technical error. The frequent finding of extravasation of radiocontrast supports the use of water soluble contrast.
Animals, Empathy, and Raẖamim in the Study of Religion
Authors: Gross Aaron S.
Published: January 2018

Both classical and contemporary Jewish texts, surveyed here, articulate a religious opposition to hunting for sport. This essay interprets compassion-based rabbinic opposition to hunting as reflecting a pragmatic concern with cultivating a regard and even a reverence for the capacities of empathy and sympathy. In particular, this “redescription” will analyze the rabbinic opposition to hunting in terms of more basic “building blocks” of religion, specifically empathy and sympathy as defined by the life sciences. I conclude that the most complete way to understand compassion-based rabbinic opposition to hunting is as, simultaneously, a society-forming performance, a symbolic statement about human attitudes towards life, and—the focus of the present essay—a vehicle for responding to the “building block” capacities for empathy and sympathy. A concluding section considers the implications of this case study for religious studies, arguing for the value of considering animals as participants in religious ritual.
A Crime Prevention System in Spatiotemporal Principles With Repeat, Near-Repeat Analysis and Crime Density Mapping: Case Study Turkey, Trabzon
Authors: Bediroglu Gamze , Bediroglu Sevket , Colak H. Ebru , Yomralioglu Tahsin
Published: January 2018

In this study, we investigated crime events with repeat and near-repeat analysis for Turkey’s Trabzon city’s crime data after standardization process on raw crime data. First, a new crime geodatabase model was created. All types of recorded crime data for events between the years 2010 and 2014 were standardized, generalized, and Geo-referenced. We gave certain locations to crime events with geocoding techniques. Then, we created density maps of crime events with Kernel method in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Repeat and near-repeat methods were tested on Burglary crime type in this geodatabase. Studies focused to applying prediction analysis besides showing current situation. These predictive analyses may be applied for all the security, intelligence, or defense departments at local, national, or international levels.
New, thermally stable, rigid polyurethane foams based on polyols obtained using morpholine-2,3-dione derivatives
Authors: Zarzyka Iwona , Bialkowska Anita , Paczesniak Tomasz , Fracz Wieslaw , Majda Dorota
Published: January 2018

In this work, the research results of the synthesis and properties of the polyols with the oxamidoester group, obtained in the reaction of N-substituted morpholine-2,3-dione derivatives with excess of alkylene carbonates have been presented. Using these derivatives as polyol components, rigid foamed polyurethane materials of high thermal stability and mechanical strength have been obtained. New polyurethane foams obtained using hydroxypropyl morpholine-2,3-dione derivatives can be used as heat-insulating materials of operating temperature as high as 150°C.
Influence of axial compressive loads on buckling and free vibration response of surface-modified fly ash cenosphere/epoxy syntactic foams
Authors: Waddar Sunil , Jeyaraj P , Doddamani Mrityunjay
Published: January 2018

This work deals with experimental buckling and free vibration behavior of silane-treated cenosphere/epoxy syntactic foams subjected to axial compression. Critical buckling loads are computed from compressive load–deflection plots deduced using universal testing machine. Further, compressive loads are applied in the fixed intervals until critical loading point on different set of samples having similar filler loadings to estimate natural frequency associated with the first three transverse bending modes. Increasing filler content increases critical buckling load and natural frequency of syntactic foam composites. Increasing axial compressive load reduce structural stiffness of all the samples under investigation. Syntactic foams registered higher stiffness compared to neat epoxy for all the test loads. Similar observations are noted in case of untreated cenosphere/epoxy foam composites. Silane-modified cenosphere embedded in epoxy matrix registered superior performance (rise in critical buckling load and natural frequencies to the tune of 23.75% and 11.46%, respectively) as compared to untreated ones. Experimental results are compared with the analytical solutions that are derived based on Euler–Bernoulli hypothesis and results are found to be in good agreement. Finally, property map of buckling load as a function of density is presented by extracting values from the available literature.
Preemptive Repression: Deterrence, Backfiring, Iron Fists, and Velvet Gloves
Authors: De Jaegher Kris , Hoyer Britta
Published: January 2018

We present a game-theoretic model of the repression–dissent nexus, focusing on preemptive repression. A small group of instigating dissidents triggers a protest if each dissident participates. The dissidents face random checks by security forces, and when an individual dissident is caught while preparing to participate, he or she is prevented from doing so. Each dissident can invest in countermeasures, which make checks ineffective. For large benefits of protest, higher preemptive repression in the form of a higher number of checks has a deterrence effect and makes dissidents less prone to invest in countermeasures, decreasing the probability of protest. For small benefits of protest, higher preemptive repression instead has a backfiring effect. Both myopic and farsighted governments avoid the backfiring effect by setting low levels of preemptive repression (velvet-glove strategy). However, only a farsighted government is able to exploit the deterrence effect by maintaining a high level of preemptive repression (iron-fist strategy).
The bulwarking of individualised workplace relations in the mining industry: Retaining managerial control within a contested regulatory space
Authors: Veen Alex
Published: January 2018

The abolition of the Australian Workplace Agreements by the Rudd Labor government in 2007 was viewed by management of mining organisations as a direct threat to the industry’s preferred workplace relations. These statutory individual agreements had provided management with high levels of prerogative and excluded unions from the workplace. This qualitative case study analyses the strategic choices that management in the Western Australian mining industry made in response to these policy changes. It details how management set out on a strategic course of action to preserve as much of the existing practices as possible. Drawing upon the analytical construct of ‘regulatory space’, it is shown how organisations managed to consolidate their individualised workplace relations well into the collectivised Fair Work regime. The construct brings to the forefront the significance of the intricacies of political processes in the making of legislation as well as the power relationships between regulators and regulatees.
Post-mortem computed tomography: Technical principles and recommended parameter settings for high-resolution imaging
Authors: Gascho Dominic , Thali Michael J. , Niemann Tilo
Published: January 2018

Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) has become a standard procedure in many forensic institutes worldwide. However, the standard scan protocols offered by vendors are optimised for clinical radiology and its main considerations regarding computed tomography (CT), namely, radiation exposure and motion artefacts. Thus, these protocols aim at low-dose imaging and fast imaging techniques. However, these considerations are negligible in post-mortem imaging, which allows for significantly increased image quality. Therefore, the parameters have to be adjusted to achieve the best image quality. Several parameters affect the image quality differently and have to be weighed against each other to achieve the best image quality for different diagnostic interests. There are two main groups of parameters that are adjustable by the user: acquisition parameters and reconstruction parameters. Acquisition parameters have to be selected prior to scanning and affect the raw data composition. In contrast, reconstruction parameters affect the calculation of the slice stacks from the raw data. This article describes the CT principles from acquiring image data to post-processing and provides an overview of the significant parameters for increasing the image quality in PMCT. Based on the CT principles, the effects of these parameters on the contrast, noise, resolution and frequently occurring artefacts are described. This article provides a guide for the performance of PMCT in morgues, clinical facilities or private practices.
Are Emotions Transmitted From Work to Family? A Crossover Model of Psychological Contract Breach
Authors: Liang Huai-Liang
Published: January 2018

Based on affective events theory and the crossover model, this study examines the effect of psychological contract breach on employee dysfunctional behavior and partner family undermining and explores the crossover effect of employee dysfunctional behavior on partner family undermining in work–family issues. This study collected 370 employee–partner dyads (277 male employees, 93 female employees, M age = 43.59 years) from a large manufacturing organization. The results of this study support the conception that employees' psychological contract breach results in frustration in the workplace. In addition, mediation analysis results reveal that psychological contract breach relates to employee dysfunctional behavior in the workplace. The findings show that partners' psychological strain mediates the relationship between employee dysfunctional behavior and partner family undermining. Furthermore, these findings provide investigations for the crossover model to display the value of psychological contract breach in family issues.
Affective formations of class consciousness: Care consciousness
Authors: Crean Mags
Published: January 2018

This article explores affective formations of class consciousness. Through autoethnography and conversations and discussion sessions with working class women, the article contributes to a sociology of social class that recognises how people come to know their class positioning in spaces outside of waged relations. The article argues that affective relations and affective inequalities inform women’s experiences and consciousness of inequality generated by the class system. Their consciousness of the class system is narrated through their care relational identities, discontent with affective inequalities generated by the class system and their attitudes and actions for social change. This implies an affective formation of class consciousness referred to as care consciousness. Care consciousness takes seriously what is refused legitimacy at a sociological and political level yet articulated privately by the women as they discuss experiences of the class system.
Bolivia and Its Transformations in the Light of “Seven Erroneous Theses about Latin America”
Authors: Canedo Vásquez Gabriela
Published: January 2018

Bolivia has become a plurinational state, and as such it seeks to dismantle the deeply ingrained internal colonialism that runs through the state and the society. Thus it recognizes self-determination by indigenous people, autonomous territories, plural economy and justice, communal democracy, and suma qamaña (living well) and identifies the indigenous as the main actors in the transformation process, sidelining both the working and the middle classes. Some of the contradictions at its core include views of development that range from extractivism to environmentalism and living well. The government claims to be oriented toward communitarian socialism, but developmentalism will entail the destruction of indigenous modes of survival that are considered culturally rich but backward from a Western perspective. The central indigenous actor of current government discourse has been pushed aside. The Bolivian process presents a way of building a more equal state and a society that offers greater opportunities provided that these structural contradictions are resolved.

Bolivia se funda como Estado Plurinacional, y como tal pretende desmontar el colonia-lismo interno que atraviesa el Estado y la sociedad. De esta manera reconoce la autodeterminación de los pueblos indígenas, las autonomías, la economía y justicia plural, la democracia comunitaria, y el suma qamaña (vivir bien). Por tanto plantea que el actor central de las transformaciones son los indígenas, y con esto constatamos que ni el sujeto obrero ni la clase media son actores centrales. Algunas de las contradicciones que se encuentran en su seno incluyen visiones de desarrollo que oscila entre el extractivismo y la conservación de la Madre Tierra y el vivir bien. El gobierno dice orientarse hacia el socialismo comunitario, pero el desarrollismo implicará la destrucción de los modos de sobrevivencia de la población nativa, indígena, consideradas ricas en cultura pero “arcaicas” desde la perspectiva occidental-industrialista. El actor central indígena que le da carne al discurso del gobierno ha sido arremetido. El proceso boliviano presenta la posibilidad de construir un Estado y una sociedad con mayores oportunidades e igualdad de condiciones, siempre y cuando resuelva estas contradicciones estructurales.
Comprehensive analysis of elevator static sectoring control systems using Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Al-Sharif Lutfi , Yang ZS , Hakam Ammar , Abd Al-Raheem Alaa
Published: January 2018

For a long time, there was no action that a group controller could take during incoming traffic conditions other than returning the elevators back to the main entrance and opening their doors. Passengers would arrive in the main entrance and board the first available elevator car. However, in the early 1990s, sectoring was introduced during incoming traffic conditions.

Sectoring is the soft division of the building into groups of (usually but not necessarily contiguous) floors, usually of equal populations. One or more elevators are assigned to a sector. The allocation of the elevator(s) to a sector can either be fixed (static sectoring) or variable (dynamic sectoring) within consecutive round trips. In addition, the size and composition of the different sectors can be static or dynamic.

Sectoring is thus a powerful tool in dealing with peaks of incoming traffic demand. However, most of the analysis carried out to understand the effects of sectoring on the performance of the elevator traffic system has been based on simulation only. This paper presents a comprehensive calculation-based analysis of static sectoring control for incoming traffic as a control tool.

The analysis is based on the approach of progressively increasing the number of sectors in a building, starting from a single sector (i.e., no sectoring) and proceeding to full sectoring (where the number of sectors equals the number of elevators in the group) and even increasing the number of sectors up to the total number of floors above the main entrance (which has been given the new term: super-sectoring). An analysis is carried out in each case showing the handling capacity, car loading, average waiting time, and average traveling time.

Practical application: This paper allows a control system designer to adapt the actions of the controller to the change in passenger arrivals. The control can detect the intensity of passenger arrivals and adjust the number of sectors to suit such an arrival intensity. The aim would be to maximize the handling capacity of the system or minimize the car loading.
How to retain motivated employees in their jobs?
Authors: Martin Ludivine
Published: January 2018

This article examines the contribution of human resource management (HRM) and information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the retention of motivated employees. The author uses a representative random sample of private sector employees from Western Europe. The data set contains information on employees’ motivations, on-the-job search and workplace environment. The results show that HRM and ICT bundles are positively related to motivations. Being motivated for intrinsic and personal growth reasons decreases the likelihood to search while being motivated for rewards or compulsion reasons increases it. HRM strengthens the likelihood to search in the same way, while ICTs tend to increase the likelihood to search of all employees.
Using Multimedia to Teach Self-Regulated Strategy Development to Preservice Teachers
Authors: Romig John Elwood , Sundeen Todd , Thomas Cathy Newman , Kennedy Michael J. , Philips Jesse , Peeples Katherine N. , Rodgers Wendy J. , Mathews Hannah M.
Published: January 2018

The National Commission on Writing called for a reform in writing instruction over a decade ago. However, teacher preparation programs still rarely provide sufficient training in writing instruction for teacher candidates. The purpose of this study was to improve the writing instruction of preservice teachers. Participating preservice teachers ( N = 166) from three universities were randomly assigned to learn essential components of the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) and the “model it” stage via content acquisition podcast (CAP)-TVs, lecture, or a practitioner-oriented article. This randomized control trial found that students in the CAP-TV condition outperformed peers in the article condition on a researcher-created measure of SRSD knowledge. Additionally, participants in the CAP-TV condition outperformed peers in both comparison groups article on a measure of modeling instruction. Results from a perceived cognitive load survey indicated that perceived cognitive load was significantly correlated with outcomes on the knowledge and performance measure for all participants. These results suggested that multimedia tools designed using Mayer’s (2009) cognitive theory of multimedia learning can reduce cognitive load and increase learning outcomes. Teacher educators should consider incorporating CAP-TVs into their coursework when teaching complex instructional strategies.
Academy Awards Speeches Reflect Social Status, Cinematic Roles, and Winning Expectations
Authors: Markowitz David M.
Published: January 2018

An analysis of Academy Awards acceptance speeches revealed that social status is indicated through pronouns. Speeches from high status movie directors contained fewer self-references than relatively low status actors. Directors also communicated analytically compared with actors, who told stories and communicated narratively. A post hoc analysis revealed that unexpected award winners communicated more positively than those who were expected to win. The analyses emphasize the importance of replications in the social sciences and extending social and psychological phenomena to new settings.
Risky Science? Perception and Negotiation of Risk in University Bioscience
Authors: Sarathchandra Dilshani
Published: January 2018

Scientists’ risk perceptions play a critical role in determining the risks that they are willing to accept in their work. This study investigates academic bioscientists’ risk perceptions by examining the judgments working scientists employ in day-to-day research decisions. The study draws from theoretical and methodological underpinnings of Sociology of Science and Risk Analysis. Using data gathered from 694 survey responses of bioscientists at a land grant research university in the U.S. Midwest, this study identifies four dimensions of perceived risk (i.e., intellectual challenges, competition, career risks, and societal risks) and demonstrates how these dimensions are associated with a series of demographic, life-course, and contextual factors. Findings indicate that university bioscientists’ subjective risk judgments are shaped by their professional experience, sources of funding, research orientation, professional networks, and perceived significance of research, which in turn may affect their research decisions.
Inferring sun direction to improve visual odometry: A deep learning approach
Authors: Peretroukhin Valentin , Clement Lee , Kelly Jonathan
Published: January 2018

We present a method to incorporate global orientation information from the sun into a visual odometry pipeline using only the existing image stream, in which the sun is typically not visible. We leverage recent advances in Bayesian convolutional neural networks (BCNNs) to train and implement a sun detection model (dubbed Sun-BCNN) that infers a 3D sun direction vector from a single RGB image. Crucially, our method also computes a principled uncertainty associated with each prediction, using a Monte Carlo dropout scheme. We incorporate this uncertainty into a sliding window stereo visual odometry pipeline where accurate uncertainty estimates are critical for optimal data fusion. We evaluate our method on 21.6 km of urban driving data from the KITTI odometry benchmark where it achieves a median error of approximately 12° and yields improvements of up to 42% in translational average root mean squared error (ARMSE) and 32% in rotational ARMSE compared with standard visual odometry. We further evaluate our method on an additional 10 km of visual navigation data from the Devon Island Rover Navigation dataset, achieving a median error of less than 8° and yielding similar improvements in estimation error. In addition to reporting on the accuracy of Sun-BCNN and its impact on visual odometry, we analyze the sensitivity of our model to cloud cover, investigate the possibility of model transfer between urban and planetary analogue environments, and examine the impact of different methods for computing the mean and covariance of a norm-constrained vector on the accuracy and consistency of the estimated sun directions. Finally, we release Sun-BCNN as open-source software.
Resting-state fMRI in primary Sjögren syndrome
Authors: Xing Wu , Shi Wei , Leng Yueshuang , Sun Xianting , Guan Tingting , Liao Weihua , Wang Xiaoyi
Published: January 2018

Background

The involvement of the central nervous system in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) remains controversial. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a relatively new method that can be applied to investigate the heterogeneity of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in pSS patients through regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis.

Purpose

To collect data from pSS patients and healthy controls, and use ReHo analysis to elucidate the neurobiological mechanism of CNS involvement in pSS.

Material and Methods

Fourteen clinically diagnosed pSS patients and 14 age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state fMRI. The data were processed by ReHo analysis. The double sample t-test was used to compare ReHo data between groups.

Results

Compared to controls, pSS patients had significantly increased ReHo values in the right cerebrum, left limbic lobe, right middle temporal gyrus, and the inferior parietal lobe. However, ReHo values significantly decreased in the right lingual gyrus, left cuneiform lobe, left superior occipital gyrus, bilateral middle occipital gyrus, and the fronto-parietal junction area ( P < 0.01, clusters ≥ 50 voxels).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the abnormal brain activity in the visual cortex and fronto-parietal junction area in pSS patients, suggesting pathological neuronal dysfunction in these regions.
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma successfully treated with crizotinib
Authors: Lin Liping , Huang Fuxi , Chen Fang , He Yan , Hu Jiazhu , Cao Xiaolong
Published: January 2018

Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is rare, and the response of patients to conventional chemotherapy is very poor. Here we present a patient with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged advanced PPC treated with crizotinib. Computed tomography revealed a mass in the left upper lung of a nonsmoking 60-year-old woman. Pathological findings using resected tissue were consistent with PPC stage 1A, T1bN0M0. Although the patient received adjuvant radiotherapy, the disease relapsed, quickly progressed, and remained PPC according to analysis of biopsied tissue. Although negative for epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, ALK rearrangements were detected in adenocarcinoma and spindle-cell components. The patient received crizotinib therapy and achieved a partial response for 7 months. This case indicates that patients with PPC, particularly those with adenocarcinoma, may harbor an epithelial component with the ALK rearrangement. Although the progression-free survival of patients treated with crizotinib is limited, they may obtain more benefit compared with conventional chemotherapy.
Development of a Case Formulation Model for Individuals Who Have Viewed, Distributed, and/or Shared Child Sexual Exploitation Material
Authors: Merdian Hannah L. , Perkins Derek E. , Dustagheer Elspeth , Glorney Emily
Published: January 2018

Increases in the number of arrests of individuals who download or distribute Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) have highlighted a need to further understand the offending pathways of this offender group. This article describes the development of an aetiological model specific to CSEM offending. Individuals who had viewed, distributed, and/or shared CSEM ( n = 20) were interviewed regarding their life and sexual history, relationships, substance use, offending details, and circumstances leading to their CSEM offending, resulting in seven superordinate themes: Developmental Context, Individual Propensities (risk-related and risk-protective) and Psychological Vulnerabilities, Personal Circumstances, Permission-Giving Thoughts, Internet Environment and Behaviour, Evaluation of Consequences for the Individual, and Desistance. These themes were combined into a case formulation tool specific for CSEM offending behaviour, with the aim of providing systematic guidance for assessment and treatment providers.
Single-Case Analysis to Determine Reasons for Failure of Behavioral Treatment via Telehealth
Authors: Schieltz Kelly M. , Romani Patrick W. , Wacker David P. , Suess Alyssa N. , Huang Pei , Berg Wendy K. , Lindgren Scott D. , Kopelman Todd G.
Published: January 2018

Functional communication training (FCT) is a widely used and effective function-based treatment for problem behavior. The purpose of this article is to present two cases in which FCT was unsuccessful in reducing the occurrence of problem behavior displayed by two young children with an autism spectrum disorder. Both children received the same functional analysis plus FCT treatment package via telehealth that had proven to be highly successful for the other participants. The FCT package was conducted within tightly controlled single-case designs for each participant, which permitted subsequent analyses to determine why FCT was unsuccessful. These analyses suggested distinct reasons for the treatment failure for each child. Although the negative results of treatment appeared to be similar for both children, the specific reasons for treatment failure were highly individualistic and identifiable via the single-case analyses conducted. We present findings from both our initial and subsequent analyses and discuss the implications.
Upgraded Masculinity: A Gendered Analysis of the Debriefing in the Israeli Air Force
Authors: Wasserman Varda , Dayan Ilan , Ben-Ari Eyal
Published: January 2018

This article examines the importation of new gender ideals into a highly masculine organization through top-down and bottom-up processes. We analyze how a dominant group of men undo and redo gender to reproduce their supremacy and create a new, “improved” form of masculinity. Based on qualitative research on the practice of debriefing in the Israel Air Force, we explore how new practices of masculinity are incorporated into a hegemonic masculinity by introducing so-called “soft” organizational practices and thus constructing a new form of “upgraded” masculinity. We show that pilots are involved in two continual and dialectical processes of performing masculinity. The first includes top-down practices neutralizing opportunities to execute exaggerated masculine performances, including new technologies allowing recording and documenting of all flights, a safety discourse emphasizing the protection of human life, and organizational learning based on self- and group critiques aimed at improved performance. The second, a bottom-up process enacted by pilots, is aimed at restoring and mobilizing masculinity and includes rationalized professionalism, competitiveness, and patronizing. Taken together, these constitute a hybrid, “upgraded” masculinity where “soft” characteristics are appropriated by men to reinforce a privileged status and reproduce their dominance within and outside the military. Our case study focuses on the debriefing, a process in which air teams formally reflect on their performance after a particular task/event to improve it.
Investigation of the effect of mesoporous diatomaceous earth particles on RATRP of styrene and butyl acrylate
Authors: Khezri Khezrollah , Alijani Hassan , Fazli Yousef , Shariatinia Zahra
Published: January 2018

Mesoporous diatomite nanoplatelets were employed to prepare various poly (styrene-co-butyl acrylate)/diatomite nanocomposites by in situ reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm were employed for evaluating some properties of the pristine diatomite nanoplatelets. Evaluation of pore size distribution and morphological studies were also performed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Conversion and molecular weight determinations were carried out using gas and size exclusion chromatography, respectively. Addition of 3 wt% pristine mesoporous diatomite nanoplatelets leads to an increase in conversion from 77% to 92%. Molecular weight of poly (styrene-co-butyl acrylate) chains increases from 17,348 g mol−1 to 21,346 g mol−1 with the addition of 3 wt% pristine mesoporous diatomite nanoplatelets; however, polydispersity index values increases from 1.38 to 1.65. Increasing thermal stability of the nanocomposites is demonstrated by TGA. Differential scanning calorimetry shows an increase in glass transition temperature from 35.5°C to 39.4°C with the addition of 3 wt% mesoporous diatomite nanoplatelets.
Combustion synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of Cr-substituted lithium vanadium (III) phosphate
Authors: Rezqita Arlavinda , Stankov Simeon , Kahr Jürgen , Hamid Raad , Gocheva Irina , Trifonova Atanaska
Published: January 2018

In this work, the effect of Cr3+ partial substitution on vanadium site in monoclinic lithium vanadium(III) phosphate (LVP) structure resulting in compounds with general formula: Li3V2- xCr x(PO4)3-C ( x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) was studied. A two-step sol-gel combustion method was employed in syntheses. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and flash combustion. The electrochemical performance of the active materials was examined through rate capability tests and cyclic voltammetry. The unsubstituted compound LVPC delivers higher capacity compared to the Cr-containing samples due to chromium inactivity in the potential range 3.0–4.4 V vs. Li/Li+. However, the Cr-substituted materials show better overall capacity retention (97–97.6%) in contrast to Li3V2(PO4)3-C (96%) in long cycling.