bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thirteen years’ war 1654–1667 and «liberation»: peculiarities of genesis and application of narrative in Russian historiography (second half of the 17th – first half of the 19th centuries)
Authors:   Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prokofiev A. I.
Published: June 2024

Russian historiography of the second half of the 17th – the first half of the 19th centuries constructed a model that would explain the plans, goals and course of hostilities in 1654 – 1667. The semantic unit «liberation» and its synonyms made it possible to talk about the «liberatory» component of the war between the Moscow State and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In the second half of the XVII century a common war narrative with religious content appeared (I. Giesel). During the Great Northern War of 1700 – 1721 a secularized version separated from it (A. Mankeev). The periodization of the narrative is built on two points: the division into two discourses in the second half of the 17th – the first half of the 18th centuries: religious and political; with a fairly see-through border. And the marked line, along which discourses deepened and expanded in the semiosphere of imperial historians, passing through the November Polish uprising (political influence), the 1830–40s. (ideological perspective). Political influence is understood as the first phase of the depolonization of the lands of the Lithuanian and Belarusian GovernorateGeneral after the Polish November Uprising (1830–1831). From an ideological perspective, they see: the elaboration of the “triad” of S. S. Uvarov by the historian N. G. Ustryalov; Synod of Polotsk in 1839 — an act of liquidation of the Uniate Church in the lands of Byelorussia and Lithuania. Both factors, which sharply increased the church influence in the historiographic evolution of the Thirteen Years’ War, actually returned semiosis to the pre-Peter era. The use of the two models did not lead to a conflict of description languages, but rather to coexistence. The aim of the study is to find and interpret semantic units in historiography. The study of the narrative properties of «liberation» is carried out through the optics of historical semantics, semiotics and hermeneutics.
Women tractor drivers of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal Universiry, Sudavtsov N. D.
Published: June 2024

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, when a significant part of the men were called up to the active army, they were replaced by women, the elderly and teenagers. In the difficult conditions of the war, they mastered working professions in courses, methods of brigade apprenticeship, next to experienced workers. They believed that for them the front line passed through the workplace and that the fighter at the front and the fighter in the rear together forged victory over the enemy. Having united in tractor brigades, they acted as the initiators of highly productive labor, achieving high results in labor, providing the front and rear with agricultural products. However, this has not been adequately reflected in the historical literature. At the beginning of 1942, female tractor drivers of Stavropol, among whom there were many followers of the famous Ukrainian tractor driver Pasha Angelina, took the initiative to launch the All-Union Socialist Competition of Women Tractor Drivers and Women’s Tractor Brigades in the country and called on the country’s female tractor drivers to actively join this nationwide movement. At the same time, they decided to work in a front-line manner and assumed high obligations to fulfill production tasks. Tractor drivers of the country with ardent enthusiasm supported the initiative of the Stavropol women. Tractor drivers had to work in very difficult conditions, in slush, cold, without eating, not sleeping, experiencing a huge need for spare parts. Among them there were many who had not even reached the age of majority, but who were eager to contribute to the victory over the enemy. It was especially difficult to work in the territories liberated from occupation, which were looted and destroyed by the Nazis, and agricultural equipment was rendered unusable. With great difficulty it was put in order and worked. But the women – tractor drivers bore this burden on themselves. In the process of work, many of them became masters of their craft and were not inferior to men in work. Women tractor drivers of the country made a worthy contribution to the victory over the enemy.
The process of purification of the student structure of the higher school of the South of Russia in 1924: priorities and results
Authors:   South Federal University, Lyubeznyi I. V. , Smagina S. M. ,   South Federal University
Published: June 2024

The article studies the process of extensive academic and qualitative inspection of the student body of the higher school of Southern Russia (South-Eastern Russia at that time) made in 1924. The study is based on archival documents of territorial and local inspection commissions, as well as students’ appeals deposited in the funds of the State Archive of the Rostov Region. The official goal of the inspection was to ease the overcrowding of universities and to get rid of the «dead weight» meaning students who did not fit the criteria of a «red» specialist capable of benefiting the state. The authors attempted to determine whether the local commissions properly understood their tasks and the conditional boundary between academic and qualitative approaches, which led to the conclusion of a significant dependence of the inspection process on the mood of the local inspection commissions, often too keen on the class- based approach in their work. Another conclusion is the poor effectiveness of the inspection process itself, which did not lead to solving the overcrowding of the higher school problem, but once again alarmed the students. An analysis of the appeals of expelled students led to the conclusion of a high level of antagonism not only among the student body, but also in Soviet society in general, which was expressed, first of all, in searching for internal enemies. A student who had joined the White Army during the Civil War and failed to conceal it was often condemned to be expelled or to be denounced. Moreover, as an analysis of the reactions of the students has revealed, the purge also negatively affected the proletarian student body, which was forced to work every day and actually struggle for its survival under conditions of extreme material insecurity, leading to poor academic performance.
Оn reconstruction of the service and life of the church priests of the Caucasus region in the first half of the XIX century
Authors:   Pyatigorsk State University, Grankin Yu. Yu. , Klychnikov Yu. Yu. ,   Pyatigorsk State University, Lazaryan S. S. ,   Pyatigorsk State University
Published: June 2024

The clergy of the North Caucasus were a specific and small group of the population of the region, on whose shoulders the Church and the State were entrusted with very important and significant official tasks in terms of coverage and depth of influence on the minds of people. Together with the word of God, they had to bring the light of enlightenment, change the forms of community life and transform the mores that reigned in the region, in which violence and trampling of human life was almost commonplace. At the same time, they were charged not only to free their hearts from filth and hatred, not only to instruct and guide people to the truth, but to inspire love for the imperial fatherland, as well as obedience and respect for the imperial authorities. The life and ministry of these people took place in difficult conditions of developing natural-climatic or social cataclysms that plunged the population into a state of uncertainty or fear. Many and everyday threats demanded great endurance, self-control, and sometimes heroism from the clergy in order to remain true to their chosen destiny. These people were involved in everyday events unfolding in the region, participated in interethnic communications, acted as peacekeepers, and helped the offended and suffering. At the same time, along with everyone, they were exposed to the dangers of wartime, died at the hands of villains or mountain riders, hostile to Russians, died at their post, healing and comforting the settlers in Cossack villages and villages during frequent epidemic diseases in the region in the first half of the 19th century. A lot of work was brought by the clergy to convert people of heterodox confessions and even criminals to the Christian faith, saving their souls and returning people to the world to continue their creative existence.
Ten years of history of the North-Caucasus Regional Museum of Mountain Peoples named after Bolshevik Mussa Kundukhov (1926–1936)
Authors:   Stavropol State Medical University, Duginets S. M.
Published: June 2024

The peoples of the multinational North Caucasus region have preserved their distinctive culture for many years. The Soviet government contributed to this in every possible way. The guides of this policy of the state were museums, research and local history organizations that existed and were newly created in the autonomous regions. One of such museums was the Museum of the Mountain peoples. The article examines the history of the formation and development of the North-Caucasus Regional Museum of Mountain Peoples named after Bolshevik Mussa Kundukhov, the main directions of its activities in 1926- 1936. Much attention is paid to the expeditionary work of the museum and a number of research organizations, the results of which have significantly replenished the museum collection. The exposition and exhibition activities of the museum are analyzed, educational work is considered. The author paid attention to interesting exhibits and a modern display of materials from the collections of the Museum of Mountain Peoples, which are currently part of the collection of the Stavropol State Museum-Reserve named after G.N. Prozritelev and G. K. Prave.
«My dear son John» from the letters of Diomid Nesterovich Popko to Ivan Diomidovich Popko (1857–1870)
Authors:   Krasnodar Higher Military School named after Army General S.M. Shtemenko, Ivantsov I. G. , Dubinin I. V. ,   Deansk Mechanical and Technological College, District Society of Historians and Archivists Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Historical studies of provincial everyday life are becoming increasingly popular not only among historians, but also cause interest among readers. In such surveys, the role of sources is very important, including the preserved materials of personal origin, especially when it concerns the long -gone age of the XIX. The article is devoted to the correspondence of Diomid Nesterovich Popka (1789–1872), Archpriest of the Timashevsky Kuren with his son, from 1857 to 1870, the future general-lieutenant of the Kuban Cossack army, one of the first historians of Chernomory, the author of a number of literary works, books and articles on the history of the Black Sea, Kuban, and Terek Cossack troops – Ivan Diomidovich Popko (1819–1893), who served during that period in St. Petersburg, in the 2nd squadron of the Life Guards of the Black Sea Cossack Division, then located as commander of the Psekup regiment of the Kuban Cossack troops based in the village of Keyvoye, the Kuban region. Russian historians paid a lot of attention to various facts from his life rich in events. However, his relations with loved ones and relatives were given little attention. In addition, many controversial facts of his biography were not fully revealed. Therefore, it is very interesting to learn about his life and relationships with his father from their correspondence, where he acts as an obedient and respectful son. In the State Archive of the Stavropol Territory, in the Foundation 377, the authors of the article revealed five letters of Diomid Nesterovich addressed to his son, all written from Kurenaya Timashevsky. They served the main source base for the article. The letters contribute to a broader understanding of relationships within the family, close friends and the relatives of the general, whom he tried to patronize his whole long life, because he had proper financial opportunities and moral authority.
The development of education of women of the clergy by the example of the Caucasian (Stavropol) diocese in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries
Authors:   Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Kuklenko О. M.
Published: June 2024

In the modern world, women’s (gender) history is of increasing interest, which makes it possible to compare social, cultural and psychological features in the ratio of “male” and “female” in history. At present, the life of women of the clergy, including the peculiarities of their education, remains poorly studied. It is worth noting that the education of women of the clergy was closely interrelated with the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church, which has a significant impact on the political and social life of society. The reforms of the second half of the XIX century opened the way for women of all classes to education and social activities and led to changes in public perceptions of the role and place of women in society. While secular educational institutions began to teach women new professions, religious educational institutions were focused exclusively on pedagogical activities. Special diocesan women’s schools were created in dioceses for the education and upbringing of girls of the clergy. There were only three diocesan women’s schools in the North Caucasus, and the very first, and for a long time remained the only one, was the Caucasian (Stavropol) diocesan Women’s School. In this regard, considerable attention is paid in the article to the role and history of this particular school, which made a significant contribution to the development of women’s spiritual education in the Caucasian (Stavropol) diocese. The author substantiates the conclusion that despite the trends and demands of society in the second half of the XIX century, the female education of the clergy remained conservative, which is associated with the role played by the girl of the clergy, and the duties of the future wife of a clergyman.
Special Air Force Preparatory school in Krasnodar (1941–1955)
Authors:   Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots named after A. K. Serov, Kushnerev V. V. , Mayorov V. A. ,   Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots named after A. K. Serov
Published: June 2024

At the beginning of the twentieth century a new means of armed struggle, military aviation, appeared. It was already used in the Balkan and Great Wars. This expensive means had the peculiarity of either flying or falling, requiring it to be exploited by especially trained people – pilots. In tsarist Russia, 15 educational institutions were organized to train pilots and observer pilots (navigators). By the end of the Civil War, the military aviation of Soviet Russia had a deplorable state, where the flight personnel training system was experiencing a crisis, there were seven educational institutions left in the RSFSR. The Soviet military leadership, assessing the military-political situation in the world and understanding the importance and effectiveness of aviation on the battlefield, set a course for the development of aircraft engineering and training of aviation personnel. By the beginning of World War II, there were 18 flight educational institutions. Even taking into account the training of young people in the OSAVIAKHIM (DOSSAF) flying clubs, there were not enough pilots for the armed forces and a decision was made to form 20 special schools of the Air Force, which made it possible to bring educational aviation institutions to 83 by the beginning of World War II. The authors, based on archival data, periodicals, memoirs of school graduates, introduce into circulation a historical matrix about education, its activities, information about graduates of the special school of the Air Force No. 12 in Krasnodar. The study is caused by the current military-political situation around our Motherland, a special military operation in Ukraine, the experience of mobilization measures to replenish highly trained human resources for the defense of the Fatherland and the goal of 12 special schools of the Air Force, the forgotten 80-year experience of the Soviet Union and the parting words of V.I. Lenin:... as long as there are capitalists in the world, we should be ready for war... (Complete works, 5 ed., Vol. 42). This topic has practically not been considered in the current situation. The material shown is based on the source base of the funds of the State Archive of the Krasnodar Territory, the periodical press and memoirs of graduates of the 12th Krasnodar Special School of the Air Force.
Features of the development of banks in the Ottoman Empire in the middle of the XIX – early XX centuries
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Khalimbekova E. R.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The development of banks in the Ottoman Empire is a complex topic in domestic and foreign historiography. Eastern societies, especially Muslim ones, have long had a negative attitude towards banking activities, considering it an offspring of an alien Western culture, using the services of traditional structures. In this article, the author endeavours to show the development of banks in the country from the 1820s – 1830s to the First World War. The article highlights the important role of the Galata banking houses owned by Greeks, Armenians and Jews in establishing the credit and financial system in the Ottoman Empire. They served the interests of the Porte and financed foreign economic transactions. Materials and Methods. The work has an interdisciplinary character, since it is carried out at the intersection of history, history of economics, economics, and statistics. Classical methods of historical science were used. Analysis. In the middle of the 19th century, the banking houses of Galata found themselves in a difficult situation, especially in the context of galloping inflation. The Ottoman Empire needed modern banks with considerable resources. This article stresses that only foreign banks could successfully carry out this task and highlights a number of stages in the development of the process. The British capital had dominated the country during the 1860-70s while the French and German banking capital started to gain access to the empire in the 1880s. By World War I, more than half of the country’s banking assets belonged to French banks. The author raises a complex problem of the development of national banks in the Ottoman Empire. Most of them could not compete with foreign banks, except for the «Agricultural Bank», which was a successful example of modern bank development in a traditional society that enjoyed great confidence from the local population, who formed a new financial culture. Therefore, it willingly invested its savings in deposits. Results. The author concludes that despite the achievements in establishing modern banks, there was a severe shortage of bank branches and representative offices, especially in the remote parts of the empire. Consequently, a large part of the population had to turn to traditional banking houses and moneylenders, which, contrary to the law, inflated the interest rates. The Ottoman Empire needed further expansion of the presence of foreign banks and, most importantly, the establishment of large national banks capable of becoming the flagships of the modern economy in the country.
The problem of deecologization of environmental legislation of Russia and Kazakhstan in the context of the formation of the EAEU ecological and safe space
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Navasardova E. S. , Nutrikhin R. V. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article analyzes the legal norms of Russia and Kazakhstan – the countries-members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Materials and Methods. The legislation of these two EAEU countries on environmental protection and rational use of natural resources was considered within the framework of a risk-oriented approach. Special emphasis is placed on legislation on specially protected natural areas, resorts and other unique natural objects and complexes. Along with the current national law, the practice of its application is considered, as well as the current and possible rule-making in the future. Analysis. The article examined the current legal norms that contribute to the emergence of corruption, as well as developed practical recommendations aimed at overcoming this negative trend. The authors state attempts to lobby individual financial and economic groups for their commercial interests in the field of lawmaking, which at the current stage leads to the de-ecology of national legislation in the EAEU countries. This trend is illustrated by an example of the latest changes in legislation on specially protected natural areas in Russia and Kazakhstan, as well as active attempts to change legislation towards the liberalization of the protection regime. Similar trends in the deecologization of environmental and natural resource legal norms in the two EAEU countries are revealed. Results. It was concluded that the flaws in environmental policy in the post-Soviet countries entail insufficiency and inconsistency of the newly adopted norms. The authors identify such deficiencies and indicate their possible negative consequences for law enforcement. Options for solving existing and potentially possible problems in the EAEU countries are proposed, with a concurrent consideration of the possibility of receiving such solutions by other states at the stage of their economic integration within the Union.
Legal policy in the field of ensuring the safety of animal feed and feed additives
Authors:   Saratov Branch of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sokolov A. Yu. , Lakaev O. A. ,   Saratov Branch of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2024

Introduction. In the conditions of modern international reality, when the Russian Federation needs to develop branches of the agro-industrial complex to strengthen food independence from other countries, it is necessary to focus the state’s efforts on ensuring proper organization of agricultural production, including its compliance with the necessary requirements, one of which is the requirements for ensuring the safety of animal feed and feed additives. Materials and Methods. The research was facilitated by the use of general scientific methodology (system-structural, logical, cybernetic methods) and the formal legal method. The formulated proposals are based on the study of scientific literature, which considered topical issues of legal policy, the legal organization of the agro-industrial complex and control and supervisory activities, as well as analytical materials reflecting modern problems of ensuring the safety of feed and feed additives for farm animals. Analysis. The main areas of analysis are the problems of ensuring the safety of feed and feed additives for farm animals by identifying factors that hinder the optimization of legal regulation in the field of veterinary medicine. Results. The improvement of legal regulation in the field of ensuring the safety of feed and feed additives for animals is complicated by the inconsistency of the state’s position with the approaches adopted in the field of agricultural sciences to determine the content of the concepts key to ensuring the safety of the products in question. In this regard, it is advisable to correct the legislation on veterinary medicine in the relevant part, eliminating the need for registration of premixes and feed concentrates.
Administrative responsibility for offenses in the field of self-regulating organizations of arbitration managers
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Fomichenko S. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Administrative responsibility in the field of self-regulating organizations of arbitration managers is a developing sub-institution in the general structure of administrative responsibility, being a relatively new phenomenon associated with the development of self-regulation in this area. It plays an important role in ensuring the rule of law in the activities of these organizations, contributing to the achievement of the goal of preventing the commission of new offenses in the field of insolvency (bankruptcy) and streamlining social ties in the considered segment of the economic field. Materials and Methods. The research is based on the application of general scientific methodology (analysis, synthesis, system-structural method, dialectical method) and formal legal method. The use of these methods made it possible to identify the shortcomings of administrative and tort legislation, formulate proposals aimed at improving it. Materials of judicial practice, normative and scientific-theoretical sources were used to conduct the study. Analysis. The main areas of analysis are the law enforcement practice of arbitration courts on the issues of reviewing rulings on cases of administrative offenses of self-regulating organizations of arbitration managers related to the terms of performance of their duties and the referral of candidates of arbitration managers to the court. Results. The positions of arbitration courts that have developed on the issues of the deadlines for the fulfillment of certain duties by self-regulating organizations of arbitration managers should become a guideline for the law enforcement officer, indicating the correct options for their calculation. The improvement of the pedagogical institute of administrative responsibility of self-regulating organizations of arbitration managers may be associated with the exclusion from the administrative-tort legislation of provisions implying an assessment by officials of executive authorities of the quality of the administration of justice in arbitration cases.
Taxi functions of German deverbatives: potential and realized
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Arkhipova I. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Modern researchers describe deverbatives as «dual» names, derivatives of various lexical and derivational semantics, preserving the semantic properties of generating verbs. The purpose of this work is to study such verbal characteristics as taxis, i.e. the ability to actualize various taxis meanings of simultaneity and diversity of explicated actions in predicative constructions. Materials and Methods. The material of the study was German utterances with deverbatives obtained by directed sampling from the database of the Leipzig Corpus (LC) and the Electronic Dictionary of the German Language (DWDS). In the course of the study, a hypothetical-deductive, inductive and descriptive method was used, including methods of observation, comparison, generalization, classification and interpretation of linguistic phenomena. Analysis. This article deals with German deverbatives characterized by various taxis functions (potential and realized). The potential functions of deverbatives are realized in a certain taxis environment (primary taxis or secondary taxis). Various prepositions of temporal and other adverbial (modal, instrumental, medial, causal, conditional, final) semantics act as prototypical constituents of the taxis environment. Results. Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that when used with temporal prepositions, deverbatives implement the primary-taxis functions of simultaneity or non-simultaneity, and when combined with modal, instrumental, medial, conditional, causal, and other prepositions, they implement the secondary-taxis functions of simultaneity. The constitutive composition of the taxis environment determines the «speech behavior» of deverbatives. Some German deverbatives are distinguished by dual «speech behavior», which manifests itself in the conditions of a primary-taxis or secondary-taxis environment. Genetically-multiplicative and genetically-iterative names implement multiplicative-taxis, iterative-taxis or semelfactive-taxis values. In addition, in a certain contextual environment, their iterative-taxis function may remain unrealized.
Problems of the Macedonian Orthodox Church in the modern Greek memorial politics
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Kyrchanoff M. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to analyse the perception of the problems of the history of the status of the Macedonian Orthodox Church in the politics of memory of modern Greece. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of texts that form the perception of the Macedonian church problem in the politics of memory in Greece. Analysis. The article analyses the perception of the Macedonian ecclesiastical problems in modern Greek memorial culture. The article also shows that the politics of memory forming the perception of the history of the Macedonian Church in modern Greek society simultaneously depends on the development of civic and ethnic nationalism, burdened by ties with the Orthodox Church. It is assumed that the mass media and political elites of modern Greece, as the main agents of historical politics, use the problems of the history of the Church in the territory of Macedonia to consolidate their own national identity and conduct a policy of memory aimed at promoting the narrative of territorial unity and the exclusively Greek character of the territory of Macedonia in modern Greece. Results. The results of the study suggest that the memorial culture of modern Greek society in contexts of the perception of the history of the Church on the territory of Macedonia is distinguished by a nationalistic character, and the perception of church history in the collective memory of Greece develops in contexts of moderate memorial contradictions with Macedonia. It is shown that the transformation of the viewpoint of the Greek memorial culture emerged as the result of consultations with the Macedonian elites and an agreement to change the name of the modern Macedonian state. It is assumed that the policy of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and the settlement of the formal status of the Macedonian Church significantly reduced the level of the memorial confrontation between Skopje and Athens.
All roads lead to Salamanca: British combatants’ reflection of a Spanish city in 1808–1812
Authors:   The Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Kosykh T. A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The conflict in the Iberian Peninsula of 1808-1814, which was a part of the Napoleonic Wars, contributed to the intensification of cross-cultural contacts between British combatants and the civilian population of Spain. Salamanca became one of the places for such interaction between the soldiers of the Wellington army and the Spaniards. The focus of the article is the reconstruction of the image of Salamanca and its inhabitants in the texts of the British participants in the hostilities on the Iberian Peninsula in 1808–1812. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of letters, diaries and memoirs of British combatants using the imagological method, which makes it possible to refer to the features of the functioning and interpretation of British ideas about Spain, Salamanca, and the inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula. Analysis. As a result of the study, it was possible to establish that sources of personal origin created by the British soldiers testify to the coexistence of several images of Salamanca. Firstly, we can stress the romanticized image of the university city that became the scene of the action of the novel Gil Blas. The notion of Salamanca as the city of Gil Blas is a persistent cliche found in the texts of British officers. Secondly, in British narratives about Salamanca attention is often focused on the positive qualities of the townspeople who are friendly towards the British and grateful soldiers of the Wellington army for liberating the city from the French. Results. Based on the study we can conclude that several British images of Spain in general and Salamanca in particular function. These images are situational and directly depend on the nature of the relationship established between the British and local residents as well as the behavior of the French army in the occupied territory.
The principle of protecting civil servants from unlawful interference in their professional activities in the system of principles for the construction and functioning of the civil service system
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Marshankulova R. E.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to identifying the features of the manifestation of the principle of protecting civil servants from unlawful interference in their professional service activities and determining its place in the system of principles of public service. Materials and methods. The study is based on an analysis of the positions existing in science regarding the definition of the term “principle of public service”, the classification of the principles of public service and the features of the legal consolidation of the principle of protecting civil servants from unlawful interference in their professional activities in the system of principles for the construction and functioning of the public service system. Analysis. Sufficient attention is not paid to the identification of the features of the principle of protecting civil servants from unlawful interference in their professional service activities and determining its place in the system of principles of public service in legal science. The theoretical and normative definition of this principle has not been formulated. Legislation on public service, fixing the principle under consideration, does not disclose its definition and does not specify the forms of its expression. Results. Consideration of the content of the provisions of regulatory legal acts led to the conclusion that the principle of protecting civil servants from unlawful interference in their professional activities is a guiding principle enshrined in the norms of the legislation on public service, as well as the guiding principle arising from their content, aimed at ensuring the interests of the public service by preventing unlawful influence of state bodies, officials, individuals and legal entities on the performance by civil servants of their official duties.
Problems of preventing suicidal behavior of adolescents in the educational environment and countering right violation (crimes) related to the activities of «death groups»
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Chernukhina V. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The relevance of the work is expressed in the existence of a problem associated with the low effectiveness of preventive work at school in the field of countering suicidal behavior and offenses that encourage adolescents to commit suicide, which is confirmed by statistical data. The aim of the study is to identify the main problem areas that hinder the formation of an effective system for the prevention of suicide among adolescents and to identify ways to solve them. The novelty of the work is determined by the scarcity of criminological research in this area, as well as with the development of relevant proposals for improving the quality of preventive work carried out. Materials and methods. In preparing the work, the author resorted to the use of comparative, logical, statistical and formal legal methods, the method of analysis, generalization and sociological survey, as well as others. The works of domestic researchers, the regulatory framework, information and analytical materials, media publications, as well as personal professional experience were used. Analysis. The main problem of preventing teenage suicides and suicidal offenses is still the low level of professional competence of school psychologists and their lack of skills to work with children in critical situations, a shortage of personnel in educational organizations, lack of awareness of teachers about existing threats in the information space. Achieving a positive preventive effect that can influence the suicide situation in Russia and the region is possible through the implementation of a set of legal, technical and substantive (content) measures. Results. In order to improve the suicidal situation and preventive work in this direction the author suggests measures related to strengthening interaction between family and school institutions; increasing the level of coordination between the subjects of adolescent suicide prevention and the exchange of analytical results; the introduction of targeted preventive practices aimed at modern youth; as well as the improvement of the system of psychological assistance and rehabilitation in post-suicide.
Applying Aegisub in Classroom of Audio Describers
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Gubanova K. A. , Gorozhanov A. I. ,   Moscow State Linguistic University
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The global turn towards social inclusion implies an increase in the number of qualified personnel with the ability to solve diverse tasks in the areas of barrier-free communication – subtitling, audio description, sign language translation, as well as tactile sign translation. The purpose of the study is to identify the didactic potential of cross-platform applications in the process of learning audio description using the example of the Aegisub application. The relevance of the work is explained by the fact that at the present stage we can talk not only about such a linguist-audio describer’s task as professional possession of intercultural competence, but also about the free application in practice of various technical means for generating and transmitting audio commentaries, since the trend towards digitalization of society requires improving the competencies of specialists in the field of inclusion. Materials and Methods. As the research material, a fragment of the feature film “The Great Gatsby” in English with a professional polyphonic translation into Russian is used. To achieve this goal, the experimental method is used, as well as analysis and synthesis. Analysis. With the help of the Aegisub programme, even a not very prepared user can perform any actions related to the synchronization of the text and visual components of the multimedia commenting object. To confirm the thesis about the expediency of using the Aegisub application in the practice of teaching audio description, a pilot experiment was conducted in which nine participants were asked to complete the task of compiling audio description using the programme and without it. Results. Based on the results of the conducted research, it can be concluded that the introduction of specialized computer applications into the process of teaching audio description on an ongoing basis can become an effective way to form professional competencies of a specialist in the field of barrier-free communication.
Sensory toponymy (on the material of Russian geographical names)
Authors:   South Ural State University, Peredrienko T. Yu. , Balandina E. S. ,   South Ural State University
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the sensory component of toponyms and identification key strategies in nominating various geographical objects through the prism of sensory perception. The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that such investigation allows receiving general information about society development and highlighting the peculiarities of its perceptual attitude to the surrounding. Materials and Methods. Material for analysis was taken from the toponymic dictionaries and Internet resources dedicated to the geographical names of Russia. Method of semantic-onomasiological analysis made it possible to select and classify toponyms that possess the seme of perception, and distinguish the main trends in the use of different linguistic means that help to reveal modes of perception in the names of geographical objects. Analysis. In the course of the study, it was investigated that the names actualizing visual perception construct the largest group, where several subgroups related to the position of the geographical object, its size, color, shape and quantity could be distinguished. The modes of auditory, olfactory, gustatory and tactile perception are presented in toponymy by a relatively small number. Among these names, the most frequent are hydronyms, from which oikonyms and oronyms are derived. Results. In conclusion, it is stated that sensory toponymy represents an interesting sphere of investigation as it allows tracing the main features of sensory perception of geographical objects and identifing key trends in perceptual space construction.
Stavropol medical institute to help the front
Authors:   Stavropol State Medical University, Kartashev I. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. An important role in achieving the victory of the Soviet people over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War was played by training institutions that the Red Army badly needed - military, engineering, medical. One of the higher educational institutions that trained doctors for the front and rear in the south of the country was the Stavropol State Medical Institute. However, information about his activities in a number of areas during this period of time was largely fragmentary. Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of documents and materials from the funds of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the State Archive of the Stavropol Territory, the archive and museum of the Stavropol State Medical University, the analysis of regional printed publications during the Great Patriotic War, as well as the results of previous scientific works on this issue. Based on a combination of information from various sources, the activities of the medical institute and its employees in providing assistance to the front both before the occupation of Stavropol and after its liberation from German troops are comprehensively considered. Analysis. The analysis showed that, along with the main task of training highly qualified medical workers by the university, its employees actively provided other assistance to the front. Results. In the course of the study, it was found that the specialists of the clinical departments of the university took an active part in the work of the evacuation hospitals of the city and the region, on the territory of which the largest hospital base of the Soviet troops was deployed. Research staff of the institute, among whom there were a large number of prominent scientists, participated in the development of military medical topics. Employees and students of the university were engaged in social, educational and propaganda activities, provided financial assistance to the front.
Archive Fund I-2 «Kalmyk Affairs Commission» of the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia as a source for studying the organization of office work and document management in Kalmykia in the first half of the XIX century (by the example of consideration of the project on smallpox vaccination in Kalmyk ulus, developed by Inspector Solomon in 1832)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mandzhikova L. B.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. In pre-revolutionary Kalmykia in the first half of the 19th century the activities of the authorities to manage the Kalmyk people, as well as the procedure for organizing work with documents, were regulated by the “Rules for the management of the Kalmyk people” of March 10, 1825 and the “Regulations on the management of the Kalmyk people” of November 24, 1834. The work is devoted to the study of record keeping and document flow in the Commission of Kalmyk Affairs, which carried out the administrative management of the Kalmyk steppe of the Astrakhan province, to identify common features with the all-Russian order of organizing work with documents and features in Kalmyk paperwork. Materials and methods. The research is based on the study of documents from the archive fund I-2 “Commission of Kalmyk Affairs” of the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. In the process of studying this fund, historical research methods were used, which made it possible to identify, analyze, introduce new archival data into scientific circulation and establish their value as a historical source. Analysis. The study of the composition and content of documents created during the activities of the Commission of Kalmyk Affairs (1825–1836) made it possible to specify the procedure for organizing work with them. Using the example of the adoption of the “Regulations on smallpox vaccination in the Kalmyk uluses” (1839), developed by inspector Solomon, the author examined the procedure for considering and adopting a regulatory document. Results. The study revealed that archival documents created during the period of activity of the Commission of Kalmyk Affairs are unique written sources of the organization of office work and document flow in pre-revolutionary Kalmykia. These studies can become a source for further development of the topic of the state structure of Kalmykia, the relationship with the central authorities, the formation and development of the healthcare system in one of the national outskirts of pre-revolutionary Russia.
Historical politics of the Polish People’s Republic in the Russian historiography of the XXI century
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Martynenko M. A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the development of the Russian historiography of the study of the historical politics of the Polish People’s Republic. The author considers that the transformation of this historiographical field was inextricably linked, firstly, with the formation of an interdisciplinary field of collective memory research in Russia, and secondly, with the stable institutional cooperation of Russian and Polish scientists. Materials and Methods. Using the essays of Russian authors specializing in the issues of historical politics, the main problem blocks are identified. Analysis. It is noted that the commemorative trends in the Polish Republic were analyzed through the prism of the concept of «anniversary», the confrontation between state power and the Catholic Church, as well as through the study of educational policy in the field of historical knowledge. The diversification of the research field of memory studies in the 2010s contributed to the expansion of the set of subjects suitable for analysis from the point of view of politics of memory. The author notes that the comparative analysis of Polish historical politics was carried out by Russian historians from two different approaches, one of which included placing the problem in the pan–European context of the formation of historical narratives, the other assumed a broader consideration of the issue, including the analysis of non-European plots. The Commission of Historians of Russia and Poland is singled out as a key institutional core of Russian historiography, which for a long time carried out projects aimed at studying various aspects of memorial management of the Polish People’s Republic. Results. It is concluded that the urgent task of Russian specialists can be considered, on the one hand, the further development of specific commemorative projects of the Polish government and the analysis of transformations of its memorial management, on the other, the obstacle to any autarchic trends in historiography and the restoration of networking with Polish and other foreign colleagues.