bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VARIACIÓN ESPACIO-TEMPORAL DE LA BIOMASA DEL ALGA CAULERPA SERTULARIOIDES EN POBLACIONES NATURALES Y EN CONDICIONES DE CULTIVO EN ESTANQUES DE CAMARÓN EN LA BAHÍA DE TUMACO, PACÍFICO COLOMBIANO
Authors: Marín Salgado Hernel , Peña Salamanca Enrique Javier
Published: October 2017

The biomass of natural populations and biomass under cultured conditions in shrimp ponds of the green alga Caulerpa sertularioides (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales) was evaluated during March-December 2010 and January- June 2011. The algal biomass in the estuary was collected monthly at low tide using 625 cm2 quadrants. Water quality variables, such as dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, Secchi disk, NO3 -, NH3 and PO4 3-, were taken simultaneously with algal samples. Algal biomass was taken to the lab to remove debris. Afterward, wet and dry weights were obtained to get final biomass. Relative growth rate (RGR% d-1) in ponds as well as physicochemical variables was evaluated weekly. Growth rates of plants registered a mean of 1.69 % day-1 (± 0.97). There were no significant differences (p = 0.315) in terms of biomass of C. sertularioides between Natal and Pajal creeks, showing averages between 4.09 and 4.67 g cm-2. Algal biomass showed significant differences between seasons (p = 0.000039), with highest values recorded between July and September. Salinity in Natal creek showed a direct relationship with seasonal variation of algal biomass (p = 0.019), with highest values of biomass in July-September related to higher levels of salinity in the study area. In contrast, salinity values and algal biomass in Pajal creek did not show significant relationship (p = 0.97). Nitrates, ammonia nitrogen, and orthophosphate were not significant with respect to changes in algal biomass (p = 0.93; p = 0.33; p = 0.55, respectively). Significant differences (p = 0.0021) between biomass of natural populations and algal biomass in shrimp ponds were reported, with higher values in cultured conditions, being those three times the biomass of natural creeks. Values of algal biomass from natural creeks suggested the importance of perform culture techniques, since natural populations would not sustain a commercial exploitation of this species. This study reports the first data of growth of a potential algal species and it is necessary to develop additional experiments to assess the impact of additional environmental factors on the relative growth rate.
THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT IN CORAL REEFS OF THE TAYRONA NATIONAL NATURAL PARK (COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN) IN RESPONSE TO SEASONAL UPWELLING
Authors: Bayraktarov Elisa , Bastidas Salamanca Martha L , Wild Christian
Published: October 2017

Coral reefs are subjected to physical changes in their surroundings including wind velocity, water temperature, and water currents that can affect ecological processes on different spatial and temporal scales. However, the dynamics of these physical variables in coral reef ecosystems are poorly understood. In this context, Tayrona National Natural Park (TNNP) in the Colombian Caribbean is an ideal study location because it contains coral reefs and is exposed to seasonal upwelling that strongly changes all key physical factors mentioned above. This study therefore investigated wind velocity and water temperature over two years, as well as water current velocity and direction for representative months of each season at a windand wave-exposed and a sheltered coral reef site in one exemplary bay of TNNP using meteorological data, temperature loggers, and an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) in order to describe the spatiotemporal variations of the physical environment. Findings revealed that water temperatures (28.7 ± 0.8 °C and maximal 30.3 °C during non-upwelling; 25.1 ± 1.7 °C and minimal 20.3 °C during upwelling) exhibited no significant differences between sites and were negatively correlated with wind velocities (0.4 ± 0.3 m s-1 during non-upwelling and 1.8 ± 1.0 m s-1 with a maximum of 4.1 m s-1 during upwelling). Water current velocity was significantly higher at the exposed compared to the sheltered site during non-upwelling periods at a water depth of 8-10 m. During upwelling, water current velocities were also higher at the exposed site (6.4 cm s-1 exposed and 5.9 cm s-1 sheltered), but when wind speed surpassed 1.7 m s-1, no spatial differences occurred. Water currents showed a clockwise circulation during upwelling following the wind fields, but no clear circulation pattern during non-upwelling. Significant positive correlation between wind and water current velocity was detected at the sheltered, but not at the exposed site. Wind-stress at the exposed site affected water currents throughout the entire water column (at least 10 m deep) during both seasons, but reached only until 3-4 m water depth at the sheltered site during non-upwelling and down to 10 m during upwelling. Consequently, organisms at the exposed site experience constantly high water current exposure throughout the year. This may explain the pronounced site-specific reef community composition differences as water current velocity and circulation control distribution of invertebrate larvae and supply with plankton and essential nutrients.
RELACIONES FILOGEOGRÁFICAS DE ALGUNAS COLONIAS DE ALIMENTACIÓN Y ANIDACIÓN DE LA TORTUGA CAREY (ERETMOCHELYS IMBRICATA) EN EL PACÍFICO Y CARIBE COLOMBIANOS
Authors: Trujillo Arias Natalia , Amorocho Diego F , López Álvarez Diana , Mejía Ladino Luz M
Published: October 2017

The sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata inhabits tropical waters of all oceans. IUCN considers this species to be critically endangered and its populations are affected by illegal international shell traffic. We present a pioneer research for Colombia and the Tropical Eastern Pacific, since populations located in 1) Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona, 2) Corales del Rosario y San Bernardo, and 3) Cabo de la Vela (Guajira) were genetically characterized using mtDNA control region sequences. Two new haplotypes for the Eastern Pacific were found, although with low diversity indexes (h: 0.2857 ± 0.1964; π: 0.0009 ± 0.0008). Five haplotypes were found for Corales del Rosario and San Bernardo’s populations, with high diversity indexes (h: 0.9333 ± 0.1217; π: 0.0089 ± 0.0056). Finally, Cabo de la Vela population presented relatively high diversity indexes (h: 0.6429 ± 0.0539; π: 0.0076 ± 0.0041). The genetic distance analysis revealed no significant differentiation between the Colombian Caribbean rookeries (Φst = 0.002, p > 0.05; Fst = 0.083, p > 0.05). However, significant differences were found between Cabo de la Vela nesting rookery and eight nesting rookeries along the Caribbean Sea, which is a genetic pattern characteristic of sea turtles on a global scale. Our phylogeographic analysis revealed a deep split between the Atlantic and the Pacific-Indian Ocean. For Atlantic phylogroup no clear clustering between haplotypes was perceived, while in the Pacific-Indian phylogroup a possible distribution of isolation by distance was observed. The divergence time reported in this study between the Atlantic and Pacific-Indian lineages suggests a separation that may have occurred between the Pliocene and Pleistocene (7 Ma), possibly influenced by the rise of the Panama Isthmus.
PRESENCE OF DIAPHANOSOMA SPINULOSUM HERBST, 1975 (CRUSTACEA: CLADOCERA: CTENOPODA, SIDIDAE) IN A COASTAL SYSTEM OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA, WITH COMMENTS ON D. BIRGEI KOŘÍNEK, 1981
Authors: Fuentes Reinés Juan M.
Published: October 2017

The genus Diaphanosoma has a wide distribution in the world, except in the Antarctic and New Zealand (Korovchinsky, 1992). It comprises 34 valid species and two subspecies (Kotov et al., 2013). Species of genus Diaphanosoma are characterized by being limnetic (Elías-Gutiérrez et al., 2008); nevertheless some species of the genus have been found in vegetation zones (Korovchisnky, 1992; Fuentes et al., 2012)
PRIMER REGISTRO DE PLAGIODISCUS NERVATUS GRUNOW (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) EN LA REGIÓN COSTERA DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Arbeláez M. Natalia , Vidal Luis Alfonso
Published: October 2017

The presence of the species Plagiodiscus nervatus is reported for fist time in the Colombian Caribbean coastal sea. Three specimens were found, two cells in Bahia Gaira on August 2000 and 2001 in surface samples, the other cell in Bahía Chengue on May 2012 at 2 m deep. The observations showed two particular forms of the species, one with nervature and the other without it, both larger in sizes compared with those reported by other authors for the Caribbean Sea and elsewhere in the world. It is extremely important to report additional species to complement and perform inventory and lists of the species present in the area.
EVALUACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL DEL EFECTO DE DISPOSITIVOS REDUCTORES DE PESCA ACOMPAÑANTE EN UNA PESQUERÍA ARTESANAL DE ARRASTRE CAMARONERO DEL GOLFO DE SALAMANCA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Manjarrés Martínez Luis , Cuello Félix , Duarte Luis Orlando , Acevedo Rubén
Published: October 2017

In the Colombian Caribbean Sea the negative impacts on the bycatch cannot be only attributed to the industrial shrimp trawl flet, but also to the artisanal flet that exploits the shrimp resource by using beach seines and trawls locally called “changas”. These fihing gears capture a high proportion of juvenile fifih, which are generally discarded. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of three types of bycatch reduction devices (BRD) Florida Fisheye (FF), Squared Mesh Panel (SMP), and Radial Escapement Section (RES) in the catch of this fihery. Two trials were carried out in two contrasting seasons, one in the rainy season and one in the dry one. Each test net was towed 28-30 times in parallel (one boat with a net equipped with a BRD and a control boat with a net of the same design and dimensions but no BRD), for a total of 90 paired samples in the rainy season and 84 in the dry season. Seasonal differences in the exclusion of both shrimp and bycatch were found, due to the high catch rates of jellyfih in the dry season, which affected the normal performance of all the three types of BRDs, especially of the RES. The rainy season trials showed that, opposite to the VMC and the SRE, the OP does not reduce signifiantly (p > 0.05) the discards, but only the incidental catch (p < 0.05). Although the exclusion power of the VMC and the SRE did not signifiantly differ (p > 0.05), we conclude that the VMC is a best choice for mitigating the discards of this fihery, due to its lower cost and conveniences of handling and assembly. However, some modifiations in the location and dimensions of this BRD in the codend should be tested so as to increase the retention of shrimp during the hauling of the gear by hand. Thus, adoption of this device by fihermen would be facilitated, with the consequent environmental and socioeconomic benefis.
PARÁMETROS BIOLÓGICO-PESQUEROS DEL STRIPED CHUB (KYPHOSUS INCISOR) RELEVANTES PARA SU MANEJO Y CONSERVACIÓN EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL OLD PROVIDENCE McBEAN LAGOON
Authors: Rueda Mario , Bolívar Vanburen Ward , Bustos Montes Diana , Posada Osorio Santiago , Sanjuanelo Eddie , Rodríguez Alfredo , Cano Correa Marcela
Published: October 2017

Some parameters of the fiheries biology of Kyphosus incisor (yellow chub) were estimated from fiheries monitoring and a hand line and hook size selectivity experiment carried out in the Old Providence McBean Lagoon National Park from 2006 to 2012. Both monitoring and fihing experiment were conducted to obtain scientifi information for management and conservation of K. incisor, including the active participation of islander fiherman, which favored outcomes of interest to the management of the Park. Size range for fihes was 26.5-58.0 cm total length (TL), showing allometric growth [W (g) = 0.02 LT (cm) 2.95]. There was no statistically signifiant deviation from the 1:1 sex ratio. The mean size at maturity (MSM) for females was estimated at 47.4 cm TL (95% CI, 47.1 - 47.6 cm), whereas the proportion of advanced stages of maturity increased during the second half of year, which suggests that spawning peaks occur between December and March. Size composition of catch time series suggested that this species is harvested in sizes close to the MSM; however, the indicator (mean catch size /MSM) trend was growing. The selectivity experiment aimed at comparing the fih size caught by three different J-style hook sizes, standardizing other sources of variation, in order to determine the hook size that maximizes the probability of catching fih above the MSM (9 hook). Management and conservation measures of K. incisor obtained from this study are as follow: I) in the hypothetical case of a ban, it must be established consistent with the reproductive peak of the species, i.e. between December and March; II) minimum capture legal size should be between 47 and 48 cm total length, III) restrict the use of small hooks (10 or lower); IV) increase in fihing effort with the entry of new fihermen should not be allowed; V) process of management measures by fihing agreements with resource users should continue.
NERÉIDIDOS (NEREIDIDAE, POLYCHAETA, ANNELIDA) ASOCIADOS A RAÍCES DE MANGLE ROJO, RHIZOPHORA MANGLE, EN ISLAS SAN ANDRÉS Y PROVIDENCIA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Arteaga Flórez Catalina , Londoño Mesa Mario H.
Published: October 2017

The family Nereididae Blainville, 1818, is one of the most representative group of errant polychaete worms, with about 535 described species in 43 genera, with great biological and ecological importance. The aim of this research was to make a taxonomic analysis of the nereidids associated to red mangrove roots, Rhizophora mangle, in the San Andrés, Old Providence and Santa Catalina Archipelago. This archipelago is part of the Seaflwer Biosphere Reserve. San Andrés is the largest island, having 27 km2 of landmass area, while Old Providence Island, located 95 km to the north of San Andrés, has 17 km2; both islands have well developed mangrove forests, composed mainly by R. mangle. The nereidids, deposited in the Coleccion Estuarina y Marina de la Universidad de Antioquia (CEMUA), were identifid with updated keys, by performing dissections and extracting parts with taxonomic value. Four species of polychaetes from the family Nereididae were found: Neanthes acuminata, Neanthes succinea, Neanthes sp., and Platynereis mucronata. Only N. succinea and N. acuminata had been reported from the Colombian Caribbean, being N. succinea the only species previously reported from the archipielago. In addition, systematic, ecological and biogeographical considerations were added for each species.
EFECTOS LETALES Y SUBLETALES EN JUVENILES DE ARGOPECTEN NUCLEUS EXPUESTOS A LODOS DE PERFORACIÓN
Authors: Rodríguez Satizábal Simón Andrés , Castellanos Claudia , Contreras Guillermo , Franco Andrés , Serrano Marlon
Published: October 2017

Offshore exploration in Colombia is in its initial stage. Currently, only few studies of acute and chronic toxicity with marine organisms evaluate drilling muds. In this paper, we test acute and chronic toxicity in juvenile organisms of Argopecten nucleus exposed to water and synthetic based muds. Aim is establish lethal median concentration (LC50) to 96 h and effects on survival and growth (height and weight) for a 30 d period. In acute tests, three water based muds (E2-LBA, E2-LBA-2 y E3-LBA-2) are below the minimal value established by EPA (1993) to be discharged in the marine environment. Given the value of the non observable effect concentration (NOEC), samples were ordered in increasing order, E3-WBM-2 < E1-SBM-2 < E1-WBM < E3-SBM-2. According to classifiation established by GESAMP (2002), all drilling muds evaluated from acute and chronic tests are nontoxic or with negligible toxicity, respectively. This results are the fist ones in Colombia using a bivalve specie in acute and chronic toxicity tests exposed to drilling muds.
CHECKLIST OF PLANKTONIC COPEPODA FROM A COLOMBIAN COASTAL LAGOON WITH RECORD OF HALICYCLOPS EXIGUUS KIEFER
Authors: Fuentes Reinés Juan M. , Suárez Morales Eduardo
Published: October 2017

Sixteen species of planktonic copepods are reported from Laguna de Navío Quebrado, La Guajira, Colombia. Zooplankton samples were collected from the littoral zone with vegetation (macrophytes and mangroves) and from open water related to an oyster bank. Most of these species were recorded in the macrophytes-related area. One of them: Halicyclops exiguus Kiefer, 1934 is new to the Colombian copepod fauna; comparative morphological comments and illustrations of this species are also provided. The general composition of the local copepod community, including marine, estuarine and freshwater forms is representative of the wide salinity gradient (0-28) found in the surveyed area. This is the fist report on the planktonic copepod fauna in this hydrological system. Comments on the morphology and photographs of selected species are provided.
APARICIÓN DEL PEZ LEÓN, PTEROIS VOLITANS (ACTINOPTERYGII: SCORPAENIDAE), EN LA CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA: CAÍDA DEL ÚLTIMO REDUCTO
Authors: Viloria Efraín A. , Acero P. Arturo
Published: October 2017

Pterois volitans has invaded the continental Colombian Caribbean in less than four years, occurring in almost all coastal systems and structures. In September 2013, an adult specimen of this species was fihed in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, a large estuarine lagoon located in northern Colombia, Magdalena province, northeast section of the Magdalena River delta (10° 43’- 11° 00’ N and 74° 16’- 74° 43’ W). This, the fist record of this fih in that ecosystem, confims the complete occurrence of the invader in all the Colombian Caribbean ecoregions.
UNA METODOLOGÍA NO INVASIVA PARA LA EXTRACCIÓN DE ADN DE CORYPHAENA HIPPURUS
Authors: Nunes Pazdiora Bruna Rafaela Caetano , Selvaraj John Josephraj , Marmolejo Diego Fernando , Muñoz Jaime Eduardo , Guzmán Ángela Inés
Published: October 2017

A protocol for DNA extraction and effect of the type of tissue material for obtaining DNA from dolphinfih in high quantity and quality for molecular studies was evaluated. The DNA of 25 individuals was extracted from the digestion of the muscle and the dorsal fi, with proteinase K, and the extraction kit for blood and animal tissue. DNA were obtained in all the samples; however, dorsal fis samples showed signifiantly higher amount of DNA than muscle samples. The defiition of an appropriate methodology of DNA extraction can contribute to studies of genetic structure of the species. DNA extraction from dolphinfih dorsal fis, non-invasive method, is an alternative that is environmentally, socially, and commercially viable, where sample collection does not require the sacrifie of the animal and do not alter its economic value.
INCIDENCIA DE DOS MEDIDAS DIFERENTES DE POBREZA EN LA ESTIMACIÓN DE LA CAPACIDAD ADAPTATIVA DE COMUNIDADES LOCALES UBICADAS EN ÁREAS MARINAS PROTEGIDAS: COMUNIDAD DE BARÚ, BOLÍVAR
Authors: Rodríguez Sánchez Carlos Arturo , Moreno Sánchez Rocío Del Pilar , Maldonado Jorge Higinio
Published: October 2017

This study proposes a measurement for the adaptive capacity of local communities before external perturbations and its relationship with the presence of marine protected areas. This measurement is based on an Index of Adaptive Capacity, previously proposed, which is made up of three comprehensive and complementary dimensions that capture characteristics of the communities using indicators: i) socioeconomic, ii) institutional, and iii) social-ecological. One of the characteristics that most affect adaptive capacity of local communities is their poverty level; the decision about the measurement for poverty becomes therefore in a very important one. Two measurements widely used are the index of Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) and the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). UBN has been used in Colombia since 1978 and more recently MPI is being used and is gaining acceptance. In this study, this two approaches to poverty are included, estimated and evaluated in the estimation of the index of adaptive capacity. A survey including 264 households is carried out in the village of Barú (Bolívar, Colombia) from March to April, 2014. Results show that this community exhibits a moderate adaptive capacity and that poverty, dependence on natural resources and limited knowledge about natural environment are the most important constraints. Even though results using UBN and MPI are similar, the latter provides a more comprehensive view in the identification of factors associated with poverty and means to combat it; for this reason, it is recommended to include this approach in the measurement of adaptive capacity. Finally, understanding the dimensions of the index of adaptive capacity for the community of Barú allows the identification of elements that constraint or enhance its capabilities to face future disturbances, given the relationship with the National Natural Park Corales del Rosario y San Bernardo PNN CRSB.
PRIMEROS PASOS HACIA LA LOCALIZACIÓN CELULAR DEL (+)-DISCODERMÓLIDO, UN POTENTE POLICÉTIDO ANTITUMORAL PRODUCIDO POR LA ESPONJA MARINA DEL CARIBE DISCODERMIA DISSOLUTA
Authors: Puentes Carlos , Gómez León Javier , Ruiz Cesar , Zea Sven , Pomponi Shirley
Published: October 2017

Identification of bioactive metabolite cell producers allow driving cell culture experiments for in vitro production, just as elucidation of the possible physiologic function of metabolites. The Caribbean marine sponge Discodermia dissoluta produces the polyketide (+)-discodermolide, a potent antitumoral that has reached clinic trials in humans. In this research, progress was made in identifying the producing cells by cell dissociation, separation into fractions by centrifugation on Percoll® density gradients, and detection of (+)-discodermolide presence by thin layer chromatography. The fractions recovered showed cells of different morphological characteristics, including cyanobacteria, filamentous bacteria, choanocytes, archaeocytes, among others. It was possible to identify an irregular but consistent pattern of (+)-dicordemolide production in the fractions that contained one or more kind of sponge granular cells, indicating that metabolite production seems to be related to the sponge and not with the associated microorganisms.
SUPERVIVENCIA DE PROPÁGULOS DE RHIZOPHORA MANGLE BAJO TENSORES AMBIENTALES EN EL BRAZO CALANCALA DEL RÍO RANCHERÍA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Garcés Ordoñez Ostin , Castellanos Martínez Martha Ligia
Published: October 2017

The survival of Rhizophora mangle propagules was assessed by direct seeding in the presence and absence of stressful factors (grazing of goats) and limitations factors of mangroves (hydric deficit and sunshine) in the Calancala branch of the Ranchería River, La Guajira, Colombia, assuming as hydric deficit the dry season, and sunshine the direct exposure to the sun. Four experimental plots of 100 m2 were established, located in different sunshine conditions, two under tree shade and two exposed to the sun. Some plots were enclosed in order to protect propagules from grazing, and others were exposed to grazing. Significant differences in propagules survival was found between conditions of hydric deficit (dry season) and availability of water (wet season) (χ² log-rank; p<0.05). In dry season the propagules did not survive because the low water availability and high sunshine. During rainy season, survival was greater in absence of goats grazing (0.46-0.96), in comparison with those exposed to goats grazing (0.0), because they ate propagules. In conclusion, survival of R. mangle propagules is affected by limitations factors and continuous grazing goats, this stressful factor required surveillance and control in order to mitigate damage to mangroves, and lead to environmentally responsible livestock practices.
DIATOMEAS ASOCIADAS A MACROALGAS EN PLACAS PERMANENTES DE LA COLECCIÓN DEL PROFESOR GERMÁN BULA MEYER, UNIVERSIDAD DEL MAGDALENA, COLOMBIA
Authors: Vidal Luis Alfonso , Ospino-Acosta Katya , Linares-Vargas Katherin , García-Urueña Rocío
Published: October 2017

Professor Germán Bula (1947-2002), a marinebiologist specialized in phycology, as part of its discipline collected macroalgae samples from different partsof Colombia, especially from the Tayrona National Natural Park. He was interested in knowing the microalgaeassociated to these samples. As a contribution to the knowledge of the biodiversity in Colombia, specificdetermination of the taxa found in 61 permanent plates elaborated by Bula was made; these plates, labelledas diatoms but unidentified, are stored in the Biological Collection Centre of the Universidad del Magdalena.Likewise, during this study, 22 permanent plates were elaborated, based on the macroalgae material; thismaterial is contained in jars that also belong to the same collection. These plates were also reviewed. Asresult 100 taxa were determinated: 91 at specific level and 9 at genus level; 39 taxa are new records forthe Colombian Caribbean and 9 are new records for the Caribbean. The taxonomic list is accompanied byfigures, references, measures, distribution in the Colombian Caribbean, and an approximation to its worlddistribution. Besides, information of the auto-ecology of the species is provided. From the total taxa, 63belong to the Class Bacillariophyceae, 19 to Coscinodiscophyceae, and 18 to Fragilariophyceae; 81 taxalive especially in marine environments, 51 can live in brackish water, and 17 live especially in freshwater.Of these, 36 taxa live only in marine environment and 4 only in fresh water. 36 taxa presented a combinationmarine-brackish, 4 a combination freshwater-brackish, and 8 a combination marine-brackish-freshwater.
NUEVOS REGISTROS DE ESPONJAS DE LOS GÉNEROS PETROSIA Y XESTOSPONGIA (DEMOSPONGIAE: HAPLOSCLERIDA: PETROSIIDAE) PARA EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Silva Jaime Andrés , Zea Sven
Published: October 2017

Sponges (Porifera) are important constituents of littoral habitats in the Caribbean Sea.The knowledge of their biodiversity is fundamental to carry out ecological, managerial and utilitarianresearch. Their taxonomy is complex, but in the Caribbean in general, and in Colombia in particular, thereare important advances. With this work, some sponge species of the genera Petrosia and Xestospongiaare recorded and described for the first time from the Colombian Caribbean. Petrosia (Strongylophora)davilai, Xestospongia arenosa, Xestospongia deweerdtae and Xestospongia purpurea are described andillustrated. The number of records of Petrosia and Xestospongia for the Colombian Caribbean are nowthree and four species, respectively. In all species, the specimens from continental localities had largerspicule sizes than those from insular localities, apparently owing to a greater availability of dissolvedsilicon in the former. The existence in Xestospongia deweerdtae of free-living and Plakortis-associatedlifestyles was documented for new areas of the Caribbean.
Oxidation of N,N-Disubstituted Hydroxylamines to Nitrones: The Search for More Sustainable Selective and Practical Stoichiometric Oxidants
Authors: Matassini Camilla , Cardona Francesca
Published: October 2017

Nitrones are key intermediates for the total synthesis of nitrogen-containing natural products and analogues. The direct oxidation of the corresponding N,N-disubstituted hydroxylamines is one of the most straightforward methods to access such compounds. In this account, we describe
the state of the art of this oxidative transformation using stoichiometric reagents. We will focus on the efforts made in the last 25 years to oxidize polyhydroxylated cyclic hydroxylamines, due to our long-standing interest in the total synthesis of alkaloids and other glycomimetics. Particular
attention will be devoted to the discussion of the regioselectivity issue arising when unsymmetrical and highly functionalized substrates are involved.
Chemical Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials: Bridging the Gap between Simple Carriers and Smart (Metal-free) Catalysts
Authors: Tuci Giulia , Luconi Lapo , Rossin Andrea , Giambastiani Giuliano
Published: October 2017

The last few years have witnessed a wonderful technological renaissance that boosted the development of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) doped with light heteroelements and featuring hierarchical porous architectures as valuable metal-free catalysts for a number of key
industrial transformations. To date, several approaches to their synthesis have been developed, although many of them lack any real control of the final doping and composition. In contrast, chemical functionalization offers a unique and powerful tool to tailor CNMs' chemical and electronic
surface properties as a function of their downstream application in catalysis. Different catalytic processes (hydrolysis/esterification/transesterification reactions, C–C bond forming reactions, CO2 derivatization into products of added value and electrochemical oxygen reduction
reactions (ORR)) can be conveniently promoted by these materials. In addition, selected examples from this series offer a valuable platform for the in-depth comprehension of the underlying reaction mechanisms. This perspective article offers an overview on the main examples of ad hoc
chemically decorated CNMs successfully exploited as metal-free catalysts, highlighting at the same time the importance of the surface chemistry control for the design of more active, metal-free and single-phase heterogeneous catalysts.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Morinda tinctoria Roxb and scrutiny of its multi facet on biomedical applications
Authors: Paramasivam Geetha , Kannan Revathy , Paulraj Sugapriya Menaga , Pandiarajan Jeyaraj
Published: October 2017

Objective: This research work focus on synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Morinda tinctoria Roxb leaves. The synthesis of nanoparticles from biological processes is evolving a new era of research interests in nanotechnology. Silver nanoparticles are usually synthesized by chemicals. M. tinctoria Roxb leaves are reputed plant in traditional system of medicine and it is used for the treatment of illness such as arthritis, cancer, gastric ulcer and other heart disease etc.Methods: The present study the leaves were collected, air dried and extract silver nanoparticles. The extract was subjected to characterization, antimicrobial activity, antidiabetic and anticancer activity using                  M. tinctoria Roxb leaves following standard procedures.Results: Silver nanoparticles study showed the evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity of M. tinctoria Roxb. Antioxidant activities were done using DPPH antioxidant assay and hydrogen peroxide assay. The anticancer study was conducted to evaluate the in-vitro anticancer activity of green synthesized nanoparticles using human hepatic carcinoma cell lines (HepG2).Conclusions: The leaf extract of silver nanoparticle evaluation showed higher antioxidant activity and anticancer activity in M. tinctoria Roxb.
Bioterr Labitech, un nuevo fitonematicida a base de benzimidazol
Authors: Soria Carlos A
Published: October 2017

Se estudió el efecto del Bioterr Labitech, un nuevo fitonematicida a base de benzimidazol, como  una  alternativa  al  uso  de  nematicidasorganofosforados y clorinados. Se utilizaron varios cultivos comerciales para demostrar, primero, la incidencia de diferentes géneros denematoparásitos en dichas plantaciones, y segundo, el control de los mismos  utilizando diferentes dosificaciones, únicas o repetitivas,del producto. No se reportó fitotoxicidad en banano (Musaparadisiaca), tomate de árbol(Solanum betaseum), rosas(Rosasp.) y tomate  riñón(Solanum lycopersicum), inclusive utilizando dosis por encima de las recomendadas. En  los  suelos  de  los  rosales  estudiados,  se  encontró  principalmente Meloidogyne, Paratylenchusy Pratylenchus, como los más numerosos. El Bioterr redujo el número de nemátodos del suelo en rosas y tomate de árbol a niveles considerados fitopatológicamente tolerables. También hubo disminución parasitaria en las agallas radiculares causadas por Meloidogynesp. El control dentro de las agallas parece indicar que el producto actúa, no solamente por contacto externo fuera de la raíz con parásitos libres, sino también en forma sistémica con los endoparásitos. Se reporta diferencias significativas en la sensibilidad parasitaria comparada con los saprófitos que resultan menos afectados. Se anota esta diferencia considerando la importancia de estos últimos en el mantenimiento del  equilibrio bioquímico de los suelos.
Two Hundredth Anniversary of Humboldt – University, time for new cooperations with old friends
Authors: Hegemann Peter
Published: October 2017

The University of Berlin was founded by the linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt (WvH) in 1810 under the strong influence of the philosopher Fichte and the theologian Schleiermacher. In the following years, the University was largely promoted by the natural scientist Alexander von Humboldt (AvH), who was basically an interdisciplinary and internationally active observer and collector.
Detection of a chikungunya outbreak in Central Italy, August to September 2017
Authors: Venturi Giulietta , Di Luca Marco , Fortuna Claudia , Remoli Maria Elena , Riccardo Flavia , Severini Francesco , Toma Luciano , Del Manso Martina , Benedetti Eleonora , Caporali Maria Grazia , Amendola Antonello , Fiorentini Cristiano , De Liberato Claudio , Giammattei Roberto , Romi Roberto , Pezzotti Patrizio , Rezza Giovanni , Rizzo Caterina
Published: October 2017

An autochthonous chikungunya outbreak is ongoing near Anzio, a coastal town in the province of Rome. The virus isolated from one patient and mosquitoes lacks the A226V mutation and belongs to an East Central South African strain. As of 20 September, 86 cases are laboratory-confirmed. The outbreak proximity to the capital, its late summer occurrence, and diagnostic delays, are favouring transmission. Vector control, enhanced surveillance and restricted blood donations are being implemented in affected areas.
Preliminary report of an autochthonous chikungunya outbreak in France, July to September 2017
Authors: Calba Clémentine , Guerbois-Galla Mathilde , Franke Florian , Jeannin Charles , Auzet-Caillaud Michelle , Grard Gilda , Pigaglio Lucette , Decoppet Anne , Weicherding Joel , Savaill Marie-Christine , Munoz-Riviero Manuel , Chaud Pascal , Cadiou Bernard , Ramalli Lauriane , Fournier Pierre , Noël Harold , De Lamballerie Xavier , Paty Marie-Claire , Leparc-Goffart Isabelle
Published: October 2017

In August 2017, an autochthonous chikungunya case was reported in south-east France. By mid-September, eight additional autochthonous cases were found in the index case’s neighbourhood, where the chikungunya virus vector Aedes albopictus was observed. Genomic characterisation identified an East-Central South African (ECSA) lineage strain, probably from the Central African region and carrying an adaptive mutation facilitating transmission by Ae. albopictus. The event confirms we need early case detection and response to contain chikungunya in Europe.
Epidemiology of human leishmaniasis in Greece, 1981-2011
Authors: Gkolfinopoulou K , Bitsolas N , Patrinos S , Veneti L , Marka A , Dougas G , Pervanidou D , Detsis M , Triantafillou E , Georgakopoulou T , Billinis C , Kremastinou J , Hadjichristodoulou C
Published: October 2017

Leishmaniasis is endemic and mandatorily notifiable in Greece. Epidemiological surveillance data for leishmaniasis in Greece between 1981 and 2011 are presented. In 1998, the notification system began distinguishing between visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. The mean annual incidence of reported leishmaniasis cases between 1998 and 2011 was 0.36 per 100,000 population. Of a total 563 leishmaniasis cases reported after 1998, 523 (93%) were visceral leishmaniasis cases. Incidence of reported visceral leishmaniasis cases fluctuated during this period, generally decreasing after 2007, with a small re-increase in 2011. The mean annual incidence rate of reported visceral leishmaniasis cases was significantly higher in less than four year-olds (p <0.001). Leishmaniasis cases occurred both in the country mainland and islands. Between 1998 and 2011, Attica concentrated almost half of the reported visceral leishmaniasis cases, with incidence rates in western Attica and western Athens above 12.00 per 100,000 population. Compared to visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis had a rather sporadic distribution, with many prefectures appearing free of cases. From 2004, the notification also included risk factors and of 287 cases with known immune status, 44 (15%) were immunocompromised. Moreover having a dog at home was reported by 209 of 312 leishmaniasis cases (67%), whereas 229 of 307 cases (75%) reported the presence of stray dogs near their residence. Linking clinical surveillance data with laboratory data and improving collaboration with the veterinary public health sector are some of the future challenges for leishmaniasis surveillance in Greece.
Surveillance of leishmaniases in France, 1999 to 2012
Authors: Lachaud L , Dedet J P , Marty P , Faraut F , Buffet P , Gangneux J P , Ravel C , Bastien P ,   Working Group for the Notification of Human Leishmanioses in France
Published: October 2017

Leishmaniasis is endemic in the south of France, where autochthonous disease is caused by Leishmania infantum, and affects both humans and dogs. The prevalence of canine leishmaniasis is between 3 and 66% depending on the region and the methods used. Human leishmaniases are also imported into France, mainly from French Guiana and North Africa. The surveillance of autochthonous and imported human leishmaniases is based on passive notification to the National Reference Centre for Leishmaniases (NRCL) created in 1998. Between 1999 and 2012, 317 autochthonous and 1,154 imported cases were notified to the NRCL. The average number of autochthonous cases notified per year was 22.6, mainly cases of visceral leishmaniasis (84.5%). All cases were infected in the south of France. Leishmaniasis incidence is 0.22 per 100,000 inhabitants in the endemic area. Imported cases were more frequent (annual mean of 82.4 cases) and consisted predominantly in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases (91%), essentially L. major CL imported from Maghreb and Sub-Saharan Africa, and L. guyanensis CL from French Guiana. This national notification system allowed a better understanding of the incidence and distribution of the disease; it is also useful to assess the temporal-spatial evolution of the disease in France, which appears relatively stable.
Mumps outbreak in young adults following a festival in Austria, 2006
Authors: Schmid D , Holzmann H , Alfery C , Wallenko H , Popow-Kraupp T H , Allerberger F
Published: October 2017

Mumps is not a mandatorily notifiable disease in Austria. However, in the first week of May 2006, a sudden increase in serologically confirmed cases of mumps, confined to three public health districts of the southern Austrian province of Carinthia, was identified by the Austrian Reference laboratory for MMR. An epidemiological investigation of this cluster of mumps cases was performed. A total of 214 cases fulfilled the outbreak case definition; 143 cases were laboratory confirmed and 71 cases were epidemiologically linked and fulfilled the clinical picture of the case definition. The vaccination status was known for 169 patients. Nearly half of the cases for whom the vaccination status was known occurred in non-vaccinated persons, another 40% were vaccinated with one dose of the vaccine and 11% had received two doses. Only four mumps cases occurred in children aged 14 years or younger, indicating that the vaccination coverage and the acceptance of the recommended childhood vaccinations have strongly improved within the past 15 years. Vaccination scheme failure but not vaccine failure is primarily to blame for this mumps outbreak.
Meningococcal disease in an ambulance worker
Authors: Fusco FM , Puro V
Published: October 2017

We strongly agree with the authors conclusion that the correct application of droplet precautions, including the use of surgical masks, should always be observed when caring for a suspected case of meningitis. When oxygen supplementation is needed, further precaution measures, such as the use of standard low flow oxygen or placement of bacterial/viral filters should be considered.
Stopping TB in Europe: some progress but still not there
Authors: Falzon D , Kudjawu Y , Desenclos J  C , Fernandez de la Hoz K , Dadu A , Zaleskis R
Published: October 2017

Overview of the epidemiological situation in 2006. The latest available information from countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region carries important signals about the tuberculosis (TB) situation in this part of the world [1]. The total number of TB cases reported in the Region was slightly lower in 2006 than in 2005 (422,830 versus 426,457), reflecting a decrease in three-fourths of the reporting countries. Most TB cases in 2006 (73%) were reported by 12 former Soviet Union republics in the East, 21% by the European Union and West (EU and West) and 6% by the remaining countries in the Balkans (Table 1; for the composition of geographical areas see Box). National TB notification rates ranged from 4 to 282 per 100,000 population. The total TB notification rate for the whole Region has increased very slightly between 2002 and 2006, from 46 to 48 cases per 100,000, although rates of previously untreated TB cases appear to be on the decrease in both the East and West (Figure 1). We describe the main epidemiological features of TB cases notified in each of the abovementioned areas using surveillance data reported by the countries themselves.
A Framework Action Plan to fight Tuberculosis in the European Union
Authors: Fernandez de la Hoz K , Manissero D , on behalf of the Tuberculosis Disease Programme*
Published: October 2017

Many European Union (EU) Member States show a decline in tuberculosis (TB) incidence and many have low incidence rates (15 countries reported less than 10 cases per 100,000 population in 2006). However, despite the progress in curbing the TB epidemic, the disease remains a public health threat in the EU. The epidemiological patterns are still very diverse between countries and control efforts are challenged by problems such as multidrug-resistant (MDR TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB), TB/HIV co-infection and the concentration of cases within vulnerable groups.
Two cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease reported in Spain in 2007 and 2008
Authors: de Pedro Cuesta J
Published: October 2017

In 2005, the first case of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) was reported in Spain, in a woman born in 1978 with clinical onset of symptoms in 2004 [1]. She subsequently died in 2005.
Mumps in Ireland, 2004-2008
Authors: Gee S , O’Flanagan D , Fitzgerald M , Cotter S
Published: October 2017

Following a national mumps outbreak that began in November 2004 and continued into 2005, the number of mumps notifications in Ireland waned in the latter half of 2006 and during 2007 (Figure 1). However, mumps notifications have started to increase again in 2008 (Figure 1). The number of mumps notifications annually between 1988 and 2008 and the number of confirmed mumps notifications by year from 2004 to 2008 are shown in Figure 2. In total, there were 420 mumps notifications in 2004, 1,079 in 2005, 427 in 2006, 150 in 2007 and to date there are 153 notifications in 2008 (Figure 2). In contrast, there were 40 mumps notifications in 2003 (Figure 2).
Acute hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Irving W L , Salmon D , Boucher C , Hoepelman I M
Published: October 2017

Around 25% of people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are able to clear the infection spontaneously, while the majority become chronically infected, with a subsequent risk for the individual patient of progressive inflammatory liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related death (Figure 1). Much is known about the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of chronic HCV infection. In comparison, knowledge about acute HCV infection is patchy. In this article, we will highlight concerns relating to acute HCV infection and suggest that public health bodies responsible for managing the HCV epidemic should redirect at least some of their resources to dealing with these issues.
Trends in drug consumption and risk of transmission of HIV and hepatitis C virus among injecting drug users in Switzerland, 1993-2006
Authors: Dubois-Arber F , Balthasar H , Huissoud T , Zobel F , Arnaud S , Samitca S , Jeannin A , Schnoz D , Gervasoni J P
Published: October 2017

As a part of the HIV behavioural surveillance system in Switzerland, repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 1993, 1994, 1996, 2000 and 2006 among attenders of all low threshold facilities (LTFs) with needle exchange programmes and/or supervised drug consumption rooms for injection or inhalation in Switzerland. Data were collected in each LTF over five consecutive days, using a questionnaire that was partly completed by an interviewer and partly self administered. The questionnaire was structured around three topics: socio-demographic characteristics, drug consumption, health and risk/preventive behaviour. Analysis was restricted to attenders who had injected drugs during their lifetime (IDUs). Between 1993 and 2006, the median age of IDUs rose by 10 years. IDUs are severely marginalised and their social situation has improved little. The borrowing of used injection equipment (syringe or needle already used by other person) in the last six months decreased (16.5% in 1993, 8.9% in 2006) but stayed stable at around 10% over the past three surveys. Other risk behaviour, such as sharing spoons, cotton or water, was reported more frequently, although also showed a decreasing trend. The reported prevalence of HIV remained fairly stable at around 10% between 1993 and 2006; reported levels of hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence were high (56.4% in 2006). In conclusion, the overall decrease in the practice of injection has reduced the potential for transmission of infections. However as HCV prevalence is high this is of particular concern, as the current behaviour of IDUs indicates a potential for further spreading of the infection. Another noteworthy trend is the significant decrease in condom use in the case of paid sex.
Introducing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination - a challenge for European vaccine advisory committees and public health services
Authors: Pfleiderer M
Published: October 2017

The development of efficient human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines has required long lasting and tremendous research and development efforts by both academia and industry. However, their availability now turns out to be a major challenge for the public health services of many member states within the European Union (EU) and beyond.
A case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Greece, June 2008
Authors: Papa A , Maltezou H C , Tsiodras S , Dalla V G , Papadimitriou T , Pierroutsakos I , Kartalis G N , Antoniadis A
Published: October 2017

A 46-year-old woman with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) died in a hospital in Alexandroupoli, in north-eastern Greece, in the end of June 2008. The woman was admitted to the hospital four days earlier, with fever, malaise, myalgia, chills and abdominal pain. One day before death, her condition deteriorated rapidly and she developed heavy hemorrhage from the genital tract, DIC and multi-organ failure. The patient reported a tick bite four days before admission, and that she had tried to remove the tick herself. No travel abroad was reported. She was engaged in agricultural activities in a rural area near the town of Komotini, in Rhodope prefecture, south of the Greek-Bulgarian border.