bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of synthetic ground motion at a specific site in Yogyakarta town, Indonesia utilizing the PSHA Method
Authors: Pawirodikromo Widodo , Makrup Lalu , Teguh Mochamad , Suryo Bambang
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the development of synthetic ground motion at specific sites in Yogyakarta town. In the 2019 Indonesian Seismic Code [1] provides an alternative method in the analysis of building structures by applying the dynamic time history analysis. At least 11-pairs of earthquake recordings must be used in the analysis. Synthetic ground motion utilizing the Method of Probability Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) was used in this study. A selected site in Yogyakarta town was chosen as a pilot study considering that there were many fatalities and building damage caused by the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake. The Uniform Hazard Spectra (UHS) based on the shallow crustal earthquake source is higher than the Megathrust. The risk targeted spectrum demand MCEr has been considered, which on average 12.3% greater than the UHS. The synthetic ground motions (SGM) are accordingly based on the shallow crustal earthquakes. The dominant magnitude and distance are MD = 6.5 and RD = 14.5 km. They show that the contribution of the Opak River fault to the hazard in Yogyakarta town is very dominant because the distance is very close. Based on the obtained MD and RD, spectral matching, and testing significant duration D595, the 12-synthetic ground motions were successfully developed.
Measurement of sand grain distribution to gauge liquefaction risks at six key coastal west sumateran sites
Authors: Asema Fuji
Published: March 2020

It is well known that earthquake-induced liquefaction can cause remarkable damage to buildings. A recent disaster involving liquefaction in Palu damaged buildings and infrastructure and has become the focus of many researchers. Detailed study of liquefaction is necessary in order to have a good understanding and direct mitigation efforts for the future. In this study, the liquefaction potential of sands with various grain size distributions was analyzed. The research was experimental using a laboratory sieve shaker. The samples were taken from six areas near important facilities. From this, the relationship between grain distribution and liquefaction potential could be plotted and this information could become an important input for liquefaction mitigation efforts in sandy sediment areas.
Ground motion prediction equation for West Sumatra due to distant shallow crustal, interface, andiIntraslab warthquakes
Authors: Hargo Pandadaran Sidiq , Francisco Augusto Muabuay George , Eko Kurniawan Sigit , Fadhilah Muhamad
Published: March 2020

Ground motion prediction equation (GMPE) is an important component for seismic hazard study to minimize the casualty from an earthquake, especially in the building collapse. This study presents ground motion prediction equation for West Sumatra due to distant shallow crustal, interface, and intraslab earthquakes. The data sets consist of 375 strong motion data that are recorded by Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency’s (BMKG) accelerograph sensors that located in West Sumatra, earthquake parameter data are from BMKG’s earthquakes catalog with the range moment magnitude of 4.0-6.4 and recorded at sites with hypocentral distance of 17 – 1000 km, focal mechanism data are from Global Centroid Moment Tensor (GCMT), and use site classification to enhance the quality of the results. This study shows good results with the standard deviation of residual value of 0.23 for shallow crustal, 0.29 for interface, and 0.49 for intraslab earthquakes.
The accessibility of tsunami prone areas society towards potential shelters: a case study in Padang Barat sub-district
Authors: Kurniati Titi , Sy Adrial , Purnawan Purnawan
Published: March 2020

Padang city, which is located on the western coast of Sumatra, has the potential to experience a powerful earthquake and thus generate tsunami. After the earthquake, with or without a tsunami warning, the society is required to evacuate. Because of the short time, vertical evacuation is the best alternative for the safety of society. Evacuation on foot to the temporary rescue building (Temporary Evacuation Shelter, TES) is more advisable than evacuation using motorized vehicles that tends to cause congestion. Temporary evacuation maps and potential shelters in Padang have been established by BPBD (Disaster Management Agency). In the Padang Barat sub-district, there are 13 potential shelters. This study aims to determine the level of accessibility to potential shelters based on travel time and road width parameters. In determining accessibility, the study area is divided into 50x50m size grids. The travel time is determined based on the distance from the center of the grid to the nearest TES through the road network. The limitation of evacuation time is 10 minutes. The results of data analyzing showed that among the 4358 grids which were occupied by society, there were 2272 grids (52.1%) which have low accessibility (based on travel time) and 30% has a low level of accessibility based on travel time and width road parameter.
Rehabilitation and reconstruction of community housing post-West Nusa Tenggara Earthquake 2018 (A case of Lauk Rurung Timuk and Lauk Rurung Barat Sub-villages, Sembalun Bumbung, Sembalun, East Lombok)
Authors: Saputra Choirul Rama
Published: March 2020

Three strong earthquakes occurred and damaged the infrastructures and human settlements at some regions of West Nusa Tenggara Province in July and August 2018. This paper describes the policy and action taken by Ministry of Public Works and Housing (MPWH), Republic of Indonesia, to assist in the rehabilitation and reconstruction, specifically for the housing. The process started from early September 2018 by Civil Servant Candidate from MPWH together with the society. The action was comprised of three phases: socialization, design, and construction. Those phases are discussed in this paper along with their particular obstacles. The most critical phase is deducted. All the resources were gathered from the law applied in Indonesia, the official instruction of implementation, the technical instructions, interviews and volunteers’ point of views. This paper employed qualitative approach through observation, survey, group discussion, and interview to analyze factors that significantly affected the implementation of rehabilitation and reconstruction of houses by referring to the theory. The results of the study suggest that the socialization phase is found to be the most decisive.
Strengthening of steel member using unbonded CFRP laminates
Authors: Satria Yoresta Fengky , Maruta Ryotaro , Mieda Genki , Matsumoto Yukihiro
Published: March 2020

Excellent mechanical and physical properties make carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) the best options for repair, retrofit, and rehabilitation of civil engineering structures. A great success on application of this material in reinforced concrete (RC) structures has attracted much attention from many researchers to develop it in combination with steel. The number of studies on the use of CFRP composites for strengthening steel structures has still been limited and needs to be more explored. To date, the research in this field has mainly focused on CFRP strengthening with adhesively-bonded technique. This paper reports an experimental study to investigate the performance of slender axial compression steel members partially strengthened with unbonded CFRP composites. The requirements for stiffener to prevent buckling occurred in stiffening region are derived from structural equilibrium conditions. Vacuum-assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VaRTM) method is adopted to form CFRP laminates in the strengthened specimens. Totally eight small scale specimens are tested, and it is clear from the test that improvement in load-carrying capacity can be achieved by using CFRP.
Organersatzverfahren: Update Herzersatz- und -unterstützungsverfahren
Authors: Lotz Gösta
Published: March 2020

Die Verwendung von kardialen Ersatz- und Unterstützungsverfahren ist heute klinischer Alltag. Anästhesisten sollten mit diesen Systemen gut vertraut sein – denn sowohl bei deren Implantation als auch bei der Betreuung der betroffenen Patienten spielt der Anästhesist eine wichtige Rolle. Der Beitrag erläutert die Funktionsweise, die Indikationen und die Therapieziele der wichtigsten Herzersatz- und -unterstützungssysteme.
Nosokomiale Pneumonien
Authors: Großmann Joachim , Schulz-Stübner Sebastian
Published: March 2020

Nosocomial pneumonia is one of the leading entities of nosocomial infections in Germany and worldwide with invasive ventilation being one of the major risk factors. However nosocomial pneumonia without ventilator support is an underappreciated complication as demonstrated by prevalence studies of the European Centre for Disease Control in 2011 and 2016. Major general risk factors include old age, multi-morbidity, preexisting pulmonary disease, immunosuppression and abdominal or thoracic surgery. Evidence based prevention measures for ventilated patients include hand hygiene, aseptic handling techniques of the ventilator circuit, subglottic suctioning for patients intubated more than 72 hours, cuff pressure control, mouth and dental care, daily spontaneous breathing trials, use of sedation protocols and head of bed 30–45 degrees. For non-ventilated patients early mobilization and/or frequent position changes, correct use of feeding tubes and mouth care are key components. In preoperative patients training of a simple breathing exercise combined with mnemonic aids for its use in the postoperative period has been proven to be helpful.
HOMA-Adiponectin Closely Associates with Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Middle-Aged Indians with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Banerjee Joyita , Dhas Yogita , Mishra Neetu
Published: March 2020

Background Unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles have raised alarming concerns for the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated cardiometabolic risk among Indians at an early age. Insulin resistance and adiposity are the important risk factors associated with MetS. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between a modified marker of insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment-adiponectin (HOMA-AD)) and cardiometabolic risk among middle-aged Indians.

Methods The study comprised of 144 subjects of age-group 31–50 years, where 83 subjects were diagnosed for MetS according to the guidelines given by the International Diabetes Federation. We measured cardiometabolic risk indicators such as fasting blood glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), homeostatic model assessment- insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), adiponectin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and atherogenic index, among others. We calculated HOMA-AD by the formula: [FPG (mmol/l) × FPI (µIU/ml)] / [22.5 × Adiponectin (µg/ml)].

Results HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD were highly increased (p<0.001) in the MetS subjects than controls. Adiponectin was significantly (p<0.01) lower whereas cardiac risk markers such as atherogenic index, hs-CRP, oxLDL, and MCP-1 were significantly (p<0.01) elevated in MetS group than controls. Linear regression showed positive and significant associations (p<0.01) of HOMA-AD with all the cardiometabolic risk markers except MCP-1. HOMA-AD showed higher AUC (0.806) than HOMA-IR (0.791) for predicting MetS.

Conclusion HOMA-AD could be a surrogate adipokine-based marker correlated significantly with components of MetS and cardiometabolic risk indicators. It appeared to be a better predictor of MetS among middle-aged Indians than HOMA-IR.
Nasal Reconstruction: Defects that Cross Anatomical Subunits
Authors: Iorio Caitlin Boling , Christophel J. Jared , Park Stephen S.
Published: March 2020

The nose plays a crucial role in the human experience, both aesthetically and functionally. The biomechanics of covering flaps, the importance of a firm framework, and the anatomical basis for aesthetic subunits are imperative concepts as one proceeds through the algorithm of reparative options. The subunits consist of three paired units—the ala, soft tissue facets (also known as soft tissue triangles), and sidewall, as well as three unpaired units—the dorsum, tip, and columella. Because many defects cross aesthetic subunits, it is critical to understand when to adapt the subunit principle and how or when to use a combination of techniques. It can be more challenging to apply the subunit principle to small grafts and local flaps of the nose. Convex subunits, such as the nasal tip and alar lobule, more frequently follow the subunit principle. In our practice, we adhere to a teaching of producing “straight lines and sharp corners.” This applies to local flaps and grafts and focuses on keeping scar lines inconspicuous. In this article, we discuss approaches we follow for various defects along with technical pearls for performing these reconstructions. The subunit principle is more of a practice of thinking of resultant scars within a background of existing lines, reflections, and contour inflections.
Considerations in Feminization Rhinoplasty
Authors: Spiegel Jeffrey H.
Published: March 2020

Rhinoplasty can be a key part of facial feminization for transgender women. Commonly, the required results necessitate significant deprojection of the nose in addition to the reduction of contour irregularities and shaping of the nostrils to a more round appearance. Pitfalls can include disproportion of the tip anatomic subunits, inadvertent creation of epicanthal folds, soft tissue pollybeak creation, and hanging columella among others.
Alternative method for solving the graph coloring problem discovered
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: March 2020

By transforming a combinatorial optimization problem into a functional optimization problem, methods from across two fields can be combined to solve the classic graph coloring problem.
Record performance of nitride-based resonant tunneling diodes
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: March 2020

GaN-based resonant tunneling diodes show record peak-to-valley current ratio and switching speeds, as well as improved yield and repeatability, bringing these devices closer to high power, high frequency applications.
Alternating current probe system allows access to a wide electron energy range in plasmas
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: March 2020

Obtaining the electron energy distribution function in the low energy region of low pressure plasmas is a difficult problem. A Langmuir probe with alternating current may be the solution.
A systematic review of ground-based shooting to control overabundant mammal populations
Authors: Bengsen Andrew J. , Forsyth David M. , Harris Stephen , Latham A. David M. , McLeod Steven R. , Pople Anthony
Published: March 2020

Abstract Context Ground-based shooting is widely used in management programs aiming to alleviate the impacts of invasive or overabundant wildlife populations. However, evaluations of individual shooting operations have shown variable results, and the effectiveness of ground-shooting as a population-management intervention has not been systematically examined. Aims Our review aimed to (1) assess the efficacy of shooting as a population management tool, and (2) identify commonalities among studies that will help managers identify situations where ground-shooting is most likely to be effective. Methods We systematically reviewed the literature to identify studies involving ground-shooting. From each study, we collated information about operational objectives, target taxa, geographic context, type of shooter used, effort, effectiveness, and use of additional control tools. Key results Most studies had no a priori quantifiable objectives. However, 60% of the 64 case studies produced a detectable reduction in population density and/or damage. The most common type of operation used unpaid or commercial harvest-oriented shooters to reduce herbivore density or damage. Only 30% of the operations that used volunteer shooters or recreational hunters achieved their objectives. Target taxa, geographic area or integration of shooting with other population-control methods had no detectable effect on the effectiveness of shooting operations. Common factors that hindered the effectiveness of shooting operations included immigration of target species from adjacent areas (n=13), decreasing effort from shooters as the target population declined (n=7) and selective harvesting (n=7). Conclusions Ground-based shooting can be an effective management tool for overabundant wildlife populations, but many shooting operations did not achieve a notable decrease in animal abundance or damage. The source of failure could often be attributed to an inability to remove a sufficient proportion of the population to cause a population decline. Implications Managers contemplating using ground-based shooting to reduce the impacts or density of wildlife populations should (1) carefully consider whether this is a suitable management tool to achieve the desired outcomes, (2) establish clear objectives that aim to meet defined outcomes and allow for continuous improvement, and (3) ensure that operations are sufficiently resourced to achieve and maintain those objectives.
c-di-AMP hydrolysis by the phosphodiesterase AtaC promotes differentiation of multicellular bacteria
Authors: Latoscha Andreas , Drexler David Jan , Al-Bassam Mahmoud M. , Bandera Adrian M. , Kaever Volkhard , Findlay Kim C. , Witte Gregor , Tschowri Natalia
Published: March 2020

Antibiotic-producing
Streptomyces
use the diadenylate cyclase DisA to synthesize the nucleotide second messenger c-di-AMP, but the mechanism for terminating c-di-AMP signaling and the proteins that bind the molecule to effect signal transduction are unknown. Here, we identify the AtaC protein as a c-di-AMP-specific phosphodiesterase that is also conserved in pathogens such as
Streptococcus pneumoniae
and
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. AtaC is monomeric in solution and binds Mn
2+
to specifically hydrolyze c-di-AMP to AMP via the intermediate 5′-pApA. As an effector of c-di-AMP signaling, we characterize the RCK_C domain protein CpeA. c-di-AMP promotes interaction between CpeA and the predicted cation/proton antiporter, CpeB, linking c-di-AMP signaling to ion homeostasis in Actinobacteria. Hydrolysis of c-di-AMP is critical for normal growth and differentiation in
Streptomyces
, connecting ionic stress to development. Thus, we present the discovery of two components of c-di-AMP signaling in bacteria and show that precise control of this second messenger is essential for ion balance and coordinated development in
Streptomyces
.
Perceptual attitudes towards Spanish in the Panhandle of West Virginia
Authors: Suárez Büdenbender Eva-María
Published: March 2020

This study contributes to the ongoing discussion of perceptions of and attitudes towards Spanish by native English speakers in the U.S. (e.g., Fuller, 2013; Lippi-Green, 2012; Orozco & Dorado, 2014) and examines the image of Spanish speakers in a small community in the Panhandle of West Virginia. The responses from the 445 participants indicate a juxtaposition between high prestige accorded to Spanish spoken in Spain and varieties of Spanish spoken in the Americas. The responses underline the influence of underlying language ideologies (e.g., Garret, 2010; Irvine & Gal, 2000), popular negative imagery of non-European varieties (e.g., Fuller, 2013; Lippi-Green, 2012; Lipski, 2002), and Eurocentrism, in other words, a preference for European history, languages, and cultures (e.g., Franzki, 2012; Quijano, 2000).
The role of attitudes in the management of multilingualism in Brazilian schools located in the Brazil-Paraguay border region
Authors: Ribeiro Berger Isis
Published: March 2020

This chapter presents an interdisciplinary study held in two Brazilian schools located in the Brazil-Paraguay border region that participated in the Education on the Border Observatory Project. An action research was carried out in order to identify how teachers managed multilingualism in these schools. The results indicate that their management practices toward Paraguayan official languages were influenced by attitudes toward these languages and their speakers, as well as by ideologies that associate the languages with Brazilian and Paraguayan nations. We conclude there is a need to improve language-in-education for border areas so as to build more positive attitudes toward languages (and speakers) of the neighboring countries in these schools as a means for real social and cultural integration and understanding.
Portuguese in Massachusetts
Authors: Gubitosi Patricia , de Olivieira Judy
Published: March 2020

In the state of Massachusetts, Portuguese is the second most spoken foreign language after Spanish and the dense population of Portuguese speakers gives this community vitality. This paper analyzes the linguistic attitudes of a group of twenty Portuguese men and women, from the island of Saint Michael, Azores, who have lived on the eastern coast of Massachusetts for more than fifteen years. Some important factors that have been linked to language maintenance and the prevention of language attrition are positive attitudes, socio-cultural factors and social networks. Using the social networks framework, we further discuss the implications that language attitudes may have on language maintenance within this community. We conclude that linguistic attitudes continue to be a key factor in preventing language loss and promoting ethnic pride, which ultimately benefit language maintenance.
Spanish-speaking immigrants in Indiana
Authors: Barbosa Mara
Published: March 2020

This study investigated the language attitudes of Spanish-speaking immigrants in Indiana. One hundred participants completed sociodemographic and language attitudes questionnaires. The results from the questionnaires were statistically analyzed to establish the participants’ attitudes towards each of the four analyzed components (Spanish in general, Spanish in the U.S., Spanish language maintenance, and Spanish/English bilingualism) and the relationships between participants’ attitudes and sociodemographic factors. The analysis revealed positive attitudes towards Spanish in general (M = 4.41, SD = 0.5) and Spanish in the U.S. (M = 4.05, SD = 0.84) and moderately positive attitudes towards Spanish language maintenance (M = 3.64, SD = 1.08) and Spanish/English bilingualism (M = 3.67, SD = 0.9). The data also indicated that education is a powerful predictor of positive attitudes towards three of the four language attitude components among this population.
The study of language attitudes
Authors: MacGregor-Mendoza Patricia
Published: March 2020

As an area of inquiry, the study of language attitudes has been developed over the last 70 years. Central to the field has been the work of Joshua A. Fishman, who provided not only the theoretical underpinning of the field, but also contributed a variety of techniques and approaches that are still in use by today’s scholars. In the present paper I take the opportunity to examine some of Fishman’s and others’ groundwork that provided the foundation of this field of inquiry. Subsequently, I add to this foundation with the results of some of the studies of my own in the past and present to provide a vision of where sociolinguists can continue to extend the horizons of our field.
Memory, mothers and post-Freudian melancholia in Mercè Rodoreda’s
‘Night and Fog’
Authors: Lunati I Maruny Montserrat
Published: March 2020

This chapter explores the relationship between
post-Freudian melancholia, memory and mothers in the short story
“Nit i boira” [“Night and Fog”] (1947) by Mercè Rodoreda. I relate
the story to the concept of “desnéixer” from Maria-Mercè Marçal’s
Raó del cos [The Body’s
Reason] (2000).
Both texts articulate the (im)possible task of freeing the maternal
from controversial approaches to it such as that of classical
psychoanalysis which determines the patriarchal rupture of the
alleged plenitude of pre-Oedipal mother-child bond, or from the
effects of a Western culture that, as Luce Irigaray claims, “repose
sur le meurtre de la mère.” Alison Landsberg’s and Michael
Rothberg’s views on memory help to read Rodoreda’s story, in which
affection and loss are inevitably intertwined with history and
politics.
A complex grammaticalization scenario for the definite
article
Authors: Schlachter Eva
Published: March 2020

The rise of the definite article in Old High
German is the result of a more complex grammaticalization process
than has commonly been assumed. Current explanations do not take
into account the existence of early definite secondary article forms
that are attested since the 8th/9th century. The notion of secondary
article forms refers to preposition-article-combinations, the
alternation of two different article forms
ther-thie ‘the’ and occurrences of apparent
personal pronouns which will be analyzed as definite article forms.
On the other hand, the reanalysis from a demonstrative to a definite
article is not possible in purely semantically definite contexts.
The absence of definiteness marking in these contexts must be the
result of incomplete analogical spreading and not of the
non-existence of a definite article.
The grammaticalization of the definite article in German
Authors: Demske Ulrike
Published: March 2020

The present paper looks into the
grammaticalization of the definite article in the history of German.
Starting with the well-known emergence of the definite article from
a demonstrative pronoun over the course of Old High German
(750–1050), I will consider the rise of so-called weak definites in
Early New High German (1350–1650) as a new piece of evidence for the grammaticalization process. Here,
the subclass of possessive weak definites is of particular interest
for the grammaticalization of the definite article in German,
because of a word order change affecting the position of possessor
phrases. As soon as the possessor systematically follows the head
noun (except for proper names), we observe three alternatives for
the prenominal determiner slot: it may remain empty, or it may be
filled either by the indefinite or the definite article in Early New
High German. In Present-Day German, the definite article is used in
the unmarked case, thus pointing to a second stage in the
grammaticalization process of the definite article in German, which has so far not been acknowledged in the literature.
The rise of the onymic article in Early New High German
Authors: Schmuck Mirjam
Published: March 2020

The rise of the definite article in Old High
German (750–1050) is well documented, but little is so far known
about the emergence of the onymic article, i.e. the definite article
in combination with proper names, which represents a later stage in
grammaticalization. This paper focuses on early instances of the
onymic article and seeks to define the driving factors for the
gradual spread of the definite article to proper names on the basis
of transcriptions of witch trial records from the late 15th – 17th
centuries. The underlying data covers the entire German-speaking
area, including present-day Switzerland and Austria and thus allows
an investigation of areal variation in article use in late Early New
High German (1350–1650). It will be demonstrated that the
grammaticalization is most advanced in (East) Upper German. For this
core area, some parts of the Municipal Registers of Vienna are taken
into account (entries from 14th – early 15th c.) as an additional
source. To explain the areal distribution, it is argued that: (1)
language-internally, the spread of the newly emerging onymic article
is strongly dependent on case (oblique cases) and compensates for
the early loss of inflectional case marking on proper names; (2) the
rise of the onymic article is triggered by individual bynames; as
these can mainly be traced back to common nouns in Upper German
(e.g. occupational names). They therefore provide an ideal bridging
context in the transition from definite article to onymic
article.
Simplex Generic Toponyms in Four English-speaking Jurisdictions
Authors: Tent Jan
Published: March 2020

Toponymic literature generally recognizes three main structures in English: those with a specific + generic element (e.g. Tweed River, Mount White); those that consist of a specific element alone (e.g. Perth, Washington); and less commonly, those with a generic element preceded by the definite article (e.g. The Bend, The Bluff). There are of course combinations and variations on these three (e.g. The Maiden Mountain, Valley of the Giants). Very rarely has the existence of toponyms comprising solely a generic term (e.g. Pinnacle, Sugarloaf) been mentioned or discussed. This survey investigates the occurrence and use of such toponyms in four English-speaking regions.
Samir Amin's contribution to historical materialism
Authors: Ougaard Morten
Published: March 2020

Samir Amin's contributions to historical materialism were original theoretical innovations that represented a clear break with Eurocentrism in this tradition. They include both the concept of tributary social formations and a truly global perspective on the development of human society. This debate piece argues that Amin's contributions deserve much more attention and appreciation than they have received.
Research Progress on Detection Methods of Trace Dimethyl Hydrazine
Authors: Du Siyan , Ren Xianghong , Wei Wei , Zhou Feng
Published: March 2020

UDMH is an important fuel for missiles, satellites and spacecraft launch tests and carrier rockets. It is still very difficult to detect trace UDMH in environmental samples. The research status of gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ion chromatography (IC) and other techniques applied to the analysis of trace UDMH is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed.
A Fast Analysis Method of Mechanical Characteristics for Railway Vehicle Traction Motor Hanging Leaf Spring Based on Analytical Calculation
Authors: Yu Yuewei , Zhao Leilei , Zhou Changcheng
Published: March 2020

In order to analyse the mechanical characteristics of the traction motor hanging leaf spring of railway vehicles quickly and effectively, by establishing the vertical and the lateral force model of the hanging leaf spring, the mathematical model for analysing the stiffness characteristics and the stress characteristics of the hanging leaf spring were established based on analytical calculation, and the reliability of the mathematical model was verified by the loading-unloading test. The test results show that the analysis method for analysing the mechanical characteristics of the traction motor hanging leaf spring established is reliable. This research can provide a certain popularization and application value for the analysis and design of the railway vehicle traction motor hanging leaf spring.
Flow Field Analysis of Hydraulic Multi-way Valve Based on CFD
Authors: Luo Chunlei , Li Jinyang , Liu Danjie , Wang Tao
Published: March 2020

Referring to the structure and parameters of the actual multi-way valve, the CAD software SOLIDWORKS was used to establish the three-dimensional geometric model of the internal flow passage of the hydraulic multi-way valve, and the model was calculated and analyzed by CFD software Star CCM+. By studying the flow field distribution in the valve chamber, the pressure distribution at each monitoring point in the chamber and the change of the overall flow rate were obtained, and the steady-state hydrodynamic force of the valve core was calculated. The effects of flow rate and the opening of the valve core on the pressure distribution and steady-state hydrodynamic force in the valve chamber were analyzed under various working conditions. The results show that the steady-state hydraulic force on the valve core increases with the increase of flow rate and decreases with the increase of valve opening. The pressure loss at the inlet and outlet of the slide valve is mainly caused by the throttling characteristics of the oil at the throttle port. The smaller the opening, the greater the inlet pressure and the greater the pressure at all points in the valve chamber.
DC bus voltage control strategy based on hybrid energy storage
Authors: Xu Saiyu , Yan Yingmin
Published: March 2020

In view of the fluctuation of DC bus voltage caused by the load change of power system, a method based on hybrid energy storage system control is proposed to stabilize the bus voltage of microgrid. Based on the complementary characteristics of battery and supercapacitor, the voltage division strategy is adopted to improve the DC bus voltage. The simulation results show that the method can stabilize the voltage of DC bus.
Effect of Double Injector on Combustion Process in a 396 Series Diesel Engine
Authors: Liang Yu , Zhou Liying , Xu Mingfei , Yao Guwen
Published: March 2020

The 396 series diesel engine has high performance, reliability and long service life, which has been widely used in many fields including ship, vehicle and industrial power unit. With the improved injection system and dual-injector in each cylinder, two injectors of the diesel can spray diesel at the same time; or one injector sprays ignition diesel and the other injector sprays biodiesel or alcohol fuel. A 3D combustion model of the 396 series diesel engine with flat-top convex basin combustion chamber is established by using the computational fluid dynamics software FIRE, and the combustion process when uniform 5-hole and 8-hole injectors and 4-hole dual-injector are adopted is simulated to compare and analyze the fuel spray, ignition start point, combustion pressure, combustion heat release rate, average temperature in cylinder and NO emission. Compared with the diesel engine adopting 8-hole injector, the diesel engine adopting 4-hole dual-injector has a wide spray space distribution area, high pressure and temperature in cylinder, and high thermal efficiency. The combustion process with injection duration of 26.84°CA, 22°CA and 20°CA for 396 series diesel engine adopting 4-hole dual-injector is simulated respectively, and the simulation result shows that the shorter injection duration can bring the higher maximum pressure and the maximum average temperature in cylinder, the shorter ignition delay period, the advanced ignition start point, the larger peak value of combustion heat release rate, the more concentrated combustion heat release, the higher NO emission. These three cases have almost the same accumulated heat release and the relatively complete fuel utilization. The proper injection duration shall be selected based on comprehensive consideration of the pressure in cylinder, effective power and NO emission. This research result is conductive to improve the combustion process of the 396 series diesel engine with the dual-injector and provides a basis for using biodiesel and alcohol fuel in the diesel engine.
Influence of Absorption Layer Thickness on the Performance of CIGS Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Liangyan , Fang Chao , Liu Weihua
Published: March 2020

As solar light was mainly absorbed by absorb layer in thin film solar cells, the quality of absorb layer has a great effect on the performance of solar cells. Based on the diffusion drift model of carrier in copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells, and then the key parameters are analyzed. Combining with the experimental results of others, this paper discusses the absorption layer’s thickness influence on the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, filling factor and conversion efficiency of the copper indium gallium selenium based solar cells. The results show that the absorption layer’s thickness always affects the performance parameters of the battery. Open circuit voltage increased with increasing thickness and reached saturation above 2μm. Short circuit current increased first and then decreased, then reaches its maximum value at about 2μm thickness. Conversion efficiency is similar to the short circuit current properties. While the fill factor decreased with the increase of thickness above 1^m. This can provide theoretical support for the design of better device structures.
Research on Image Processing Method of High Voltage Switchgear Temperature Measurement
Authors: Du Longji , Zhang Shi , Chen Liming , Ye Jinglong , Ma Meiting , Jia Aidi , Ma Biao , Ming Aihong , Liu Hefeng
Published: March 2020

Accurate monitoring of electrical equipment temperature can effectively ensure the safety of electrical equipment operation. It is worth further study to use limited temperature monitoring equipment to obtain a comprehensive temperature distribution of electrical equipment. Based on the study of nearest neighbor interpolation bilinear interpolation and bicubic interpolation these three methods are applied to image processing of temperature distribution in 10kV switchgear cabinets. Compared with the three methods, bilinear interpolation and bicubic interpolation can accurately reflect the non-measured temperature, and can be used in image processing of temperature distribution in high-voltage switchgear temperature measurement system.
Three Dimensional Study of Eddy Current Field and Temperature Field of 126kV three-phase enclosure-type GIS Bus
Authors: Li Yahui
Published: March 2020

Heat is one of the most obvious characteristics of gas insulated switchgear (GIS) bus. This paper established three-dimensional eddy current field mathematical model for 126kV three-phase enclosure-type GIS bus. Magnetic field finite element method (FEM) was employed to calculate power loss in the conductors and the tank, and the result was the input data for the solution of temperature field. According to the theory of computational fluid dynamics (CFD),SF6 gas movement differential equations was given as well as solved region and boundary conditions of three dimensional fluid field. Nussle number was utilized to figure out nature convection coefficients of different segments of the bus. Solving the differential equations, fluid and temperature field distribution of the bus was calculated, which theoretically supported temperature on-line monitoring system of GIS bus.
Research on the Method of 3D Registration Technology
Authors: Xu Zhuangnan , Wang Guanglong
Published: March 2020

Three-dimensional registration technology is the foundation, key and difficult point of constructing augmented reality system. This paper first reviews the three-dimensional registration technology in augmented reality, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Then, from the improvement of feature descriptor, the combination of registration technology and tracking technology, online learning-based registration technology and deep learning-based registration technology, the improvement strategy of registration method is analysed and summarized, which is the three-dimensional registration technology. In-depth research provides ideas. Finally, the problems existing in the research of 3D registration technology are pointed out, and the future research directions are prospected.
Research Progress of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (Args) Pollution in Drinking Water Source
Authors: Dong Xiaotong , Sun Shaohua , Xu Lirong , Hou Wei , Wang Mingquan , Zhao Qinghua , Ji Guangxue , Jia Ruibao
Published: March 2020

In recent years, the problem of the pollution of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in water environment is becoming more and more serious. As a new environmental pollutant, people have been paid more attention to the harmfulness of ARGs in drinking water sources. The source of ARGs, pollution status, detection and identification technology and water treatment technology have been systematically reviewed, and the future research directions of ARGs were prospected.
Research on Air Pollution Control Measures Based on System Dynamics A Case Study of Beijing
Authors: Yao Cuiyou , Wang Tingting , Cao Haiqing , Yang Yanhong
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we construct a system dynamics model of the air pollution control measures. Simulation experiments predict the trend of PM2.5 concentration under different conditions. The conclusions of the study are as follows: firstly, the urgent task of controlling air pollution in Beijing is strictly control the value-added of high energy consumption and high pollution industries as well as vehicle restriction. Secondly, advocating afforestation and increasing financial support. In addition, the new restrictions for the motor vehicles with foreign brands to be implemented in Beijing in 2019 has a significant effect on air pollution control.
Analysis of the Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Emissions from Agricultural Non-Point Sources Pollution and Pollution Risk in Tianjin City, China
Authors: Zhao Jirui , Zhao Wei , Zhan Xianhui , Chen Xiaoming , Wei Daiyan , Ma Nan , Sun Meng , Liu Jiahong , Xu Yuan
Published: March 2020

In order to understand the current status of agricultural non-point source pollution in Tianjin and figure out the main pollution source and areas, the evaluation and spatial distribution of agricultural non-point source pollution were analyzed. The pollution discharge coefficient method was used to estimate the agricultural non-point source pollution in Tianjin. The spatial distribution pattern of agricultural non-point source pollution load was analyzed by ArcGIS software, the pollution evaluation and sources analysis were carried out by equivalent pollution load method. The results show that the pollution load of TN and TP in Tianjin in 2017 was 11760.7 and 871.86 tonnes per year respectively, and the equivalent pollution loads were 11760.70 and 8718.68 m3 separately. Among the districts, the Baodi District, Wuqing District and Jinghai District have higher pollution loads, which are the key control areas. The spatial analysis showed the similar distribution characteristics of pollution load and intensity, which was higher in the middle and lower in the north and south in Tianjin. It is necessary to separately develop targeted pollution prevention measures to strengthen management and control.
Design of a Fault Diagnosis Equipment
Authors: Yong Wu , Zhang Jianhu , Chen Shichun , Yang Bin , Zhang Jun
Published: March 2020

In the process of daily maintenance and repair of a certain type of equipment, there are problems of long fault diagnosis time and untimely repair. A set of fault diagnosis equipment has been developed for this purpose. The device adopts C8051F120 microprocessor and consists of interface circuit board, excitation signal board, single chip computer board, signal conditioning board, fault diagnosis expert system, etc. It can detect the main performance parameters of the tested equipment, and combined with the fault diagnosis expert system, it can realize the function of performance detection, fault diagnosis location and data storage record, and effectively improve the efficiency of fault diagnosis of the tested equipment.
Application of Intelligent Robot Based on Multi-sensor Control in Modern Home Life
Authors: Li Jingyu
Published: March 2020

In view of the accuracy and rapidity of intelligent robot information processing, this paper designs a multi-sensor hardware system of robots by using ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, Hall sensors, contact sensors and other sensors, and focuses on multi-sensor data. A hybrid data fusion structure and a data fusion algorithm using Bayesian inference algorithm are constructed. The fuzzy obstacle avoidance algorithm is proposed and designed to solve the problem of robot obstacle avoidance. The hardware experimental environment of the system, the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the above-mentioned robot control function implementation. After experimental monitoring, the smart home robot has the advantages of low cost, multi-function, easy maintenance and convenient upgrade, and realizes functions such as voice recognition, home entertainment, indoor cleaning, security detection and alarm.
Based on BP neural network model and queuing theory to build taxi driver decision model
Authors: Wu Yu
Published: March 2020

In this paper, the decision-making model based on BP neural network and queuing theory is used to solve the decision-making problem of taxi driver whether to go to the airport to carry passengers. Using BP neural network model, this paper analyzes the influence of season, time, urban GDP, urban population, urban consumption level and other factors on the locomotive occupancy rate; analyzes the influence of airport location, weather, alternative means of transportation and other factors on the taxi selection rate, and obtains the demand of taxi based on the probability of different passenger pairs; compares the “storage pool” taxi The number of cars, according to the taxi driver’s minute salary level and working time, is predicted by queuing theory in the period of joining the “car storage pool waiting” and seeing off passengers, and the decision is made by comparing the expected income in the same period of time.
Optimization of evaluation method for recoverable reserves of polymer flooding under the condition of optimal economic benefits
Authors: Yan Shu
Published: March 2020

At present, there are two main methods to calibrate the recoverable reserves of polymer flooding (polymer consumption method and one-time calculation method), both of which have their advantages and disadvantages. Which evaluation method can better reflect the characteristics of polymer development and better economic evaluation effect is a problem to be studied. In this paper, the difference between the two evaluation methods is reflected by the change of the depletion rate of fixed assets in different evaluation methods of recoverable reserves. Through the comparative analysis of the economic evaluation results of the two different evaluation methods, the economic evaluation methods suitable for polymer flooding are selected. The results show that the evaluation results of polymer consumption method are better than that of one-off calculation method in the economic evaluation of fixed oil price and variable oil price. Under the fixed oil price, the difference of internal rate of return between the former and the latter is more than 2%. Under the condition of variable oil price, the polymer consumption method is obviously better than the one-off calculation method because of the high depreciation of initial production and the small depreciation of later production (large depreciation value in the early stage and less net value of oil and gas assets in the later stage). Through comparison, the evaluation method of polymer consumption is more practical, the evaluation result of block economic benefit is better, and more development potential can be released at the same time, which is more conducive to the promotion of polymer flooding technology.
Study on the Influence of Intermittent Phase Modulation on the Spectrum Shift Characteristics of Radar Signals
Authors: Ai Tengfei , Su Yonghe , Kou Mingxin
Published: March 2020

Intermittent sampling and forwarding interference is a new type of radar interference. It captures and transmits intercepted signals to enemy radars to form multiple false targets. The essence is an amplitude modulation. The phase modulation technique alternates the phase of the electromagnetic wave by adjusting the instantaneous phase of the electromagnetic wave. Phase modulation technology is currently widely used in the field of communication and radar signal design, such as binary phase shift keying and phase encoding signals. In this paper, the spectral shift characteristics of intermittent phase modulation on radar signals are studied, and the influence of modulation parameters on the moving results is analyzed. Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the method.