bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commentaire - La « santé publique et des populations » au Canada va-t-elle à l'avenir s'unir ou se diviser? Réflexions de l’intérieur
Authors: Lucyk Kelsey , McLaren Lindsay
Published: July 2017

« Est-ce que la santé publique et des populations
constitue véritablement un domaine
unifié, ou est-ce que la santé des populations
s’est simplement agrégée à la santé
publique pour gagner en crédibilité? »

Le commentaire présenté ici résulte de
cette question, posée à Kelsey Lucyk (KL)
dans le cadre de son examen d’admission
au doctorat. En réponse, KL a cité les
récents développements dans le domaine
pour justifier de sa conviction que la santé
publique et des populations (SPP) constitue
bel et bien une discipline unifiée.
Toutefois, au fil des conversations des
semaines et des mois qui ont suivi, nous
avons conclu que cet enjeu allait bien audelà
de l’étiquetage de ministères et
d’organismes de « santé publique et des
populations » et qu’en débattre pouvait
être pertinent, particulièrement pour la
prochaine génération de chercheurs en
SPP. Dans ce commentaire, nous faisons la
démonstration 1) que parfois l'expression
SPP sous-entend une cohérence d’idées, de
valeurs et de principes qui n'est pas forcément
réalisée, 2) qu’il est temps et important
de viser à une SPP plus unifiée et
3) que l’unification de la SPP offre à la fois
des défis et des opportunités, ce que nous
illustrons dans les domaines du financement
de la recherche, des effectifs en santé
publique et de l’éthique en SPP.
Elúszó pénzek az egészségügyben - Esettanulmány egy évekig tartó büntetőeljárásról
Authors: Kiss Tamás
Published: July 2017

In the financing of the Public Health System, it has a particular significance on the one hand that those obligated do pay the required taxes and levies (Health contribution) in order, and on the other, to use the already available resources only to the purpose that laws allow.

The institutes that provide public health care services maintain themselves in part or on the whole on the support of the central budget or the Health Insurance Fund. The criteria listed by Law indicate and limit on what the institutes may spend the amount of funds received, which areas should they strive to develop.

The question arises that how other charges, such as expenses related to the quality management system, can fit into this well-defined scope. In my opinion, it would be possible to avoid the giving away of unrealistically large amounts of money to semi-, or fully illegal businesses with greater circumspection, because otherwise too many sources are distracted from Health Care.
Tisztességtelen kereskedelmi gyakorlatok – végrehajtás és gyakorlat az Európai Unióban
Authors: Tárczy Edit Zsuzsanna
Published: July 2017

The first aim of this paper is to show the rules of the 2005/29/EC Directive on unfair commercial practices (hereafter: UCPD) on enforcement and the rules of the Member States of the EU on enforcement. The second aim is to show some cases on unfair commercial practices (from the European Court of Justice (hereafter: ECJ) and from national organizations too). This time „enforcement” means only „practice”, so this paper won’t deal with control or supervisory activity.At the first point there are the rules on enforcement from the UCPD and some rules of some Member States. At the second point there are the decisions of the ECJ. First, there are the decisions in connection with the implementation and the harmonization. Second, there are the decisions in connection with the rules of the UCPD and advertising. At the third point there are the decisions of the national organizations in connection with the UCPD. At the fourth point there are the decisions of the national organizations in connection with advertising.
terhelt vallomásának szerepe a büntetőeljárásban
Authors: Mező Annamária
Published: July 2017

According to our criminal procedure rights which are in force at persent we have to keep in mind the equality of the tools of argumentation and tehir parity. In the sense of this thesis all the proofs must be measured with the same weight excluding the fact that we make distinction between their values, „straingths” from any aspects.

Examining the practise of criminal produred law we can see that they are in total contrast, namely in the balance of argumentative tools there is still an argumentative tool of personal nature, which breaks this order, this parity. This is nothing else but the statement of the accused person.

When I chose this topic I thought of the above mentioned ambivalent consideration of the ambivalent statement of the accused person.

First I would like to outline briefly the connection between the confessions of the accused person and the other argumentative tools, then I want to examine the fact that the accused person must be warned to their right to silence in connection with the „Miranda – decision”.

After that I would like to describe the right to statement and to silence of the accused as well as the special procedural froms which are in force concerning my topic.
El ambiente : aproximaciones a un consenso conceptual
Authors: Santes Álvarez Ricardo V.
Published: July 2017

El tema ambiental ha adquirido una relevancia inusitada en los últimos años. A raíz de la aparición del Informe Brundtland en 1987, y después, con la celebración dela Cumbrede Río, en 1992, los gobiernos del mundo y diversos sectores de la sociedad empezaron a manifestar una “renovada preocupación por el ambiente” (que había quedado soterrada desde Estocolmo ’72). Pero en esa marejada en donde más que nada se lucha por el triunfo de posturas económicas, políticas e ideológicas al cobijo de la bandera ambiental, se ha ido soslayando la búsqueda del entendimiento de aquello por lo que se debate: el ambiente.En este trabajo el autor discute el concepto de ambiente, exponiendo la opinión que este último le merece a intelectuales de diversas disciplinas. Asimismo, en un intento de aproximación a un consenso conceptual, presenta un esquema clasificatorio del ambiente. Presume que la comprensión de su dimensionalidad dará la pauta para superar los escaños discursivos y arribar a los de toma de decisiones y realización de acciones en el asunto.
Francisco Alba H. La población de México : evolución y dilemas. El Colegio de México, México, 1977. 187 p.
Authors: Tuirán Rodolfo A.
Published: July 2017

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Presentación
Authors: Figueroa Campos Beatriz
Published: July 2017

Presentación del número dedicado a la fuerza de trabajo. Está conformado por trabajos que reúnen la doble característica de estar elaborados con información lo más actualizada posible, y que desarrollan temas novedosos, sobre los cuales se está abriendo brecha y es necesario seguir investigando.
Procesos migratorios interestatales : el caso de México (un enfoque econométrico)
Authors: Uribe Castañeda Manuel , Caso Raphael Agustín
Published: July 2017

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La clasificación de la situación en el trabajo y los estudios de mercados de trabajo : el caso de los trabajadores a domicilio
Authors: Pedrero Nieto Mercedes
Published: July 2017

Este artículo comprende dos partes, la primera se aboca a la revisión conceptual de la clasificación por situación en el trabajo, culminando con la propuesta de una clasificación más amplia y adecuada a la realidad en el presente. En la segunda se lleva a cabo el análisis de los trabajadores que no cuentan con un establecimiento para laborar, es decir, el trabajo a domicilio, tanto por el interés en el propio tema como para ilustrar con un ejemplo derivado de la valiosa información que existe en México, que permite estudiar mercados de trabajo específicos y lo prometedor que podría ser el análisis pormenorizado de los distintos mercados de trabajo si se contara con las clasificaciones adecuadas.
La pobreza de tiempo. Una revisión metodológica
Authors: Damián Araceli
Published: July 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo se ha incorporado en el cálculo de pobreza la medición de los requerimientos de tiempo para el trabajo doméstico, el extradoméstico, el cuidado y aseo personal y el tiempo libre. Presento aquí una evaluación de los parámetros utilizados para el cálculo de pobreza de tiempo contenidos en el índice de exceso de tiempo de trabajo, que forma parte del método de medición integrada de la pobreza. Para ello me he basado en la comparación con otros métodos de pobreza y he contrastado las normas de dicho índice con las prácticas socialmente observadas mediante el análisis del módulo de uso de tiempo de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingreso y Gasto de los Hogares, 1996, y la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo. Una vez realizada la evaluación y habiendo resaltado la necesidad de considerar al tiempo para la medición de la pobreza, muestro los cambios en la estratificación social una vez calculada la pobreza de tiempo y combinada con la de ingreso.
Pespectivas geográficas en la sociología urbana : la difusión espacial de las preferencias electorales y la importancia del contexto local
Authors: Vilalta y Perdomo Carlos Javier
Published: July 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es reunir y revisar diferentes perspectivas teóricas que se abocan a la comprensión sociológica del cambio político desde una dimensión espacial. Se hace énfasis en el comportamiento electoral urbano.
Nota sobre “Intersección entre los ciclos de vida familiar y la migración internacional”, ponencia presentada por David Lindstrom y Silvia Giorguli
Authors: Cobo Salvador
Published: July 2017

En la exposición de este trabajo de investigación se presentaron algu­nos avances preliminares, ya que se trata de una tarea que se encuentra en proceso de construcción. Se observa que la dinámica migratoria y la decisión de migrar están inmersas en una serie de relaciones so­ciales que se ven reflejadas en las trayectorias individuales y en las distintas etapas del ciclo de vida familiar. Tal cuestión ha sido poco analizada hasta ahora en los estudios migratorios.
Las corrientes migratorias en las ciudades contiguas a la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México: el caso de la aglomeración urbana de Pachuca / Migratory Trends in Cities Adjacent to the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. The Case of Urban Agglomeration i
Authors: Granados Alcántar José Aurelio
Published: July 2017

En los últimos veinte años la ciudad de Pachuca ha sufrido grandes transformaciones en su territorio; el ritmo de crecimiento poblacional ha provocado que la ciudad se expanda físicamente como no lo había hecho en sus casi quinientos años de existencia. Una parte de este crecimiento poblacional se debe a los procesos inmigratorios que han ocurrido en los últimos años. Tomando en cuenta las tendencias y las experiencias de otras ciudades contiguas a la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México, pensamos que el actual flujo migratorio se consolidará e intensificará en los próximos años. De ahí que el objetivo del presente trabajo sea realizar un estudio sobre las corrientes migratorias en el espacio urbano de Pachuca, describiendo el perfil del migrante según los flujos establecidos. Nos interesa prever los cambios económicos y sociales en la ciudad, el desarrollo de su influencia regional y su nuevo papel en el sistema de ciudades y en la megalópolis de la Ciudad de México. AbstractOver the past twenty years, the city of Pachuca has undergone enormous transformations in its territory while the rate of population growth has meant that the city has expanded more than ever before in its nearly 500 years of existence. Part of this population growth is due to the migratory processes that have taken place in recent years. Given the trends and experiences of other cities adjacent to the Mexico City Metropolitan Zone, the authors believe that the current migratory flow will be consolidated and intensified over the next few years. The aim of this study is to therefore to undertake a study of migratory trends in the urban space of Pachuca, by describing migrants’ profiles according to the established flows. The authors are interested in predicting the economic and social changes in the city, the development of its regional influence and its new role in the system of cities and the Mexico City megalopolis.
Análisis multiestado multivariado de la formación y disolución de las parejas conyugales en México / Multivariate, Multistate Analysis of Formation and Dissolution of Conjugal Couples in Mexico
Authors: Pérez Amador Julieta
Published: July 2017

En el presente trabajo se analiza el proceso de formación y disolución de las parejas conyugales en México. Con información de la Enadid 1997 se modela el proceso utilizando el análisis de historia de eventos conforme a un esquema que considera simultáneamente cinco estados y siete transiciones, lo cual permite estimar tanto el riesgo de transición entre estados, como el efecto de variables asociadas a la ocurrencia de las tran­siciones. Los resultados sugieren que si bien las mujeres de generaciones recientes están retrasando el matrimonio, también están rejuveneciendo la entrada en unión libre. El riesgo de legalización de las uniones libres es mayor que el riesgo de disolución. Aun así, las uniones libres que forman las mujeres de generaciones recientes tienen mayor riesgo de disolución en comparación con las que constituyen las mujeres de generaciones previas. De igual modo, la disolución de las uniones legales es mayor en las generaciones jóvenes. Pese a que los factores asociados a la separación o el divorcio son similares para ambos tipos de unión, las uniones libres tienen mayor riesgo de disolución que los matrimonios. Estos resultados contribuyen al debate que trata de situar a México en la llamada “segunda transición demográfica”. AbstractThis article analyzes the formation and dissolution of conjugal couples in Mexico. Information from Enadid 1997 is used to model the process using the analysis of the history of events based on a scheme that simultaneously considers five states and seven transitions, which makes it possible to estimate both the risk of transition between states and the effect of variables associated with the occurrence of transitions. The results suggest that although women of recent generations are postponing marriage, they are also entering common-law marriage at an earlier age. The likelihood of legalizing common-law marriages is higher than the risk of dissolution. Nevertheless, the common-law marriages entered into by women of recent generations are more likely to dissolve in comparison with those of women of previous generations. Likewise, the dissolution of legal union is greater in younger generations. Although factors associated with separation or divorce are similar for both types of union, common law marriages are more likely to dissolve than marriages. These results contribute to the debate that attempts to place Mexico within the “second demo­graphic transition”.
Esteinou, Rosario (ed.), Fortalezas y desafíos de las familias en dos contextos: Estados Unidos de América y México, México, Publicaciones de la Casa Chata, 2006
Authors: Rojas Olga Lorena
Published: July 2017

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Velásquez García, Mario Alberto (2009), Las luchas verdes. Los movimientos de Tepoztlán (Morelos) y Cytrar en Hermosillo (Sonora), México, El Colegio de Sonora, 543 p.
Authors: Zapata Francisco
Published: July 2017

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De inquilinos a propietarios. Derecho y política en el Programa de Renovación Habitacional Popular
Authors: Azuela Antonio
Published: July 2017

El trabajo ofrece un análisis del papel de las instituciones jurídicas en la transformación de las relaciones de propiedad en el centro de la Ciudad de México a partir del sismo de 1985, es decir, en el cambio de estatus de inquilinos a propietarios que ha traído consigo el Programa de Renovación Habitacional Popular. Se examinan, en primer lugar, los antecedentes y las implicaciones jurídicas y políticas del decreto expropiatorio de más de cuatro mil predios con que se fijó el calce del programa. En segundo lugar, se describe el Convenio de Concertación Democrática para la Reconstrucción de Vivienda del Programa de Renovación Habitacional, destacando el contraste entre su importancia política y su invalidez jurídica. Asimismo, se examina el régimen de propiedad en condominio “de carácter vecinal” contenido en el nuevo capítulo de la ley de la materia, destacando los debates ideológicos que tuvieron lugar en el proceso de su discusión en la cámara de diputados. Finalmente, se incluye una breve referencia a los juicios de amparo promovidos por numerosos propietarios afectados por la expropiación y se señala su importancia como obstáculo a la ejecución del Programa de Renovación Habitacional.
Lúcio Kowarick (organizador). As lutos sociais e a cidade. São Paulo passado e presente. São Paulo : UNRISD-CEDEC : Paz e Terra, 1988. 336 p.
Authors: Muñoz Contreras María Elena
Published: July 2017

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La evolución de la mortalidad en México, 1940-1980
Authors: Camposortega Cruz Sergio
Published: July 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la evolución de la mortalidad en México durante este siglo, en especial a partir de 1940. En primer lugar, se efectúan algunas consideraciones sobre las fuentes de información y la confiabilidad de los indicadores y se presentan los parámetros de mortalidad que, en nuestra opinión, mejor reflejan la evolución del fenómeno. Posteriormente se examina esta evolución en cuanto al nivel y a la estructura por edad, sexo y causa de defunción. A continuación se sitúa la disminución de la mortalidad dentro del contexto histórico del país y otras transiciones de mortalidad. Finalmente, se analizan algunas diferenciales dentro del país y se determina el monto de lo que se ha denominado “sobremortalidad mexicana”.
La política de un solo hijo en China
Authors: Botton Beja Flora , Cornejo Romer
Published: July 2017

Este artículo describe la política de planificación familiar en la República Popular China hasta 1979. La política de un solo hijo es enmarcada dentro de los rasgos más sobresaliente de la sociedad china, resaltando el papel de la estructura familiar y de los mecanismos tradicionales y contemporáneos de control social. Los autores demuestran que a pesar del éxito relativo de la campaña de planificación familiar en las áreas urbanas, el gobierno chino aún no ha alcanzado las metas que se propuso. Esta situación es explicada, en términos históricos, por los ritmos de la tasa de fecundidad, y en términos ideológicos, por el peso de una determinada estructura familiar tradicional. La investigación se basa fundamentalmente en fuentes chinas, así como en el propio trabajo de campo de los autores.
El carácter metropolitano de la urbanización en México, 1900-1988
Authors: Garza Villarreal Gustavo
Published: July 2017

Es incuestionable la importancia de la ciudad para el crecimiento económico por ser el espacio donde se realizan las actividades secundarias y terciarias y, por ende, donde se acumula el capital. En México, sin embargo, no existen investigaciones significativas que analicen los nexos entre el desarrollo económico y la urbanización. En espera de que se realicen en el futuro, en este artículo se plantea únicamente sus vínculos más generales para centrarnos en el análisis de los aspectos más relevantes del crecimiento urbano de México durante el siglo XX.El rasgo fundamental de las 274 ciudades mexicanas en 1988 es su carácter preeminente. Aunque la sola presencia dela Ciudadde México le conferiría una dimensión metropolitana a la urbanización del país, este fenómeno se ve fortalecido por el surgimiento de otras 26 ciudades en diferentes etapas de metropolitanismo. No obstante que este proceso se pueda interpretar como evidencia de cierta dispersión territorial de la población, ocurre paralelamente un desarrollo urbano metropolitano dependiente del nuevo núcleo megalopolitano en torno ala Ciudad de México.A partir de 1982 el crecimiento económico se ha interrumpido, pero no así el proceso de urbanización. El escenario socioeconómico del sistema de ciudades mexicanas depende fundamentalmente de las posibilidades reales de vencer la crisis económica, retomando las anteriores tasas de crecimiento. De no hacerlo en un futuro previsible, y todo parece indicar que así será, la situación económica, social y urbanística de la población urbana será cada vez más insostenible.
Empleo y crecimiento urbano : aplicación del modelo de Czamanski al caso mexicano
Authors: Verduzco Chávez Basilio
Published: July 2017

En este artículo se aplica el modelo de Czamanski el cual se basa en las teorías del crecimiento urbano y de localización industrial para hacer una clasificación de actividades a nivel de ramas de acuerdo con los factores que explican su presencia en una ciudad. Se discuten las ventajas de este modelo para ser utilizado como instrumento de apoyo en el proceso de planeación urbana cuando existe poca información disponible, así como su utilidad para el análisis del crecimiento urbano en México. Para ello se utilizó una base de datos censales sobre 44 ciudades entre las que se encuentran todas las zonas metropolitanas de México y la mayoría de las principales áreas urbanas del occidente del país y del estado de Jalisco.
Políticas de migración y distribución de población en México : ejecución e impactos regionales
Authors: Reyna Bernal Angélica Elizabeth
Published: July 2017

En este artículo se analiza primeramente el marco jurídico de las políticas de migración y redistribución de la población en México desde la expedición de la Ley General de Población en 1973. A partir de éste se detectan lagunas y contradicciones institucionales. En una segunda sección se aborda la planeación demográfica en la materia, y se le da seguimiento a su ejecución a través de los informes de las instituciones responsables y documentos oficiales. Finalmente se hace un análisis de la aplicación práctica de los instrumentos de la política, contrastando el comportamiento de las variables gubernamentales determinantes del fenómeno antes y después de la instrumentación de dicha política (1970-1990). Se encontró que los elementos fundamentales que hacen operativa la política de población en la materia no se movieron en el sentido deseado para modificar los fenómenos migratorios y de distribución de población hacia los objetivos esperados. A pesar de la continuidad de la política de población en la materia, su puesta en marcha presenta aún obstáculos de diversa índole.
Relatoría de la Mesa Redonda El Programa Nacional de Salud, 1990-1994
Authors: Martínez Carolina
Published: July 2017

Relatorías de las mesas redondas: I. “El Programa Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano, 1990-1994”, coordinado por Gustavo Garza; II. “La estadística electoral. El nuevo padrón electoral y la dinámica demográfica en México”, coordinada por Tonatiuh Guillén; III. “El Programa Nacional de Salud, 1990-1994”, coordinada por Mario Brofman y Carolina Martínez.
La utilización de un servicio de salud perinatal. Influencia del tipo de hogar
Authors: García M. , Arroyo P. , Ávila H. , Casanueva E. , Centeno N. , Tiburcio T.
Published: July 2017

En este estudio se profundiza en la influencia que la estructura familiar tiene en las tasas de aceptación de un servicio de salud perinatal. En él se consideran dos niveles de análisis: el individual y el de la unidad doméstica.La información proviene de un cuestionario sobre familia y vivienda que se aplicó a un grupo de mujeres con capacidad reproductiva, integradas en un programa preventivo, el cual estaba orientado al estudio de las características del proceso perinatal.Las mujeres pertenecientes a hogares de tipo no nuclear y que se encontraban en las fases iniciales de su ciclo reproductivo aceptaron con mayor frecuencia el servicio ofrecido; lo mismo se observó con este grupo en los casos en que los jefes tenían condiciones de escolaridad y de ocupación más desfavorables y los servicios del hogar eran más deficientes. En situación de embarazo, las diferencias obtenidas por tipo de hogar desaparecían.La estructura del hogar es un elemento selectivo. Las observaciones permiten sostener que la estructura de los hogares no nucleares encontrados en la zona de estudio, especialmente si su nivel de vida es bajo, favorece la utilización de un servicio de atención perinatal planeado con un enfoque preventivo.
PENGADILAN HIBRIDA (HYBRID COURT) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENANGANAN KEJAHATAN INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Siswanto Arie
Published: July 2017

Abstrak
Sejak akhir Perang Dunia II, masyarakat internasional menyaksikan meningkatnya upaya serius untuk menanggulangi kejahatan internasional. Selain pengadilan pidana nasional dan mahkamah internasional murni, forum yang baru-baru ini digunakan untuk menangani kejahatan internasional adalah pengadilan hibrida yang telah dibentuk di beberapa negara seperti Kamboja, Sierra Leone dan Timor-Leste. Pengadilan hibrida tersebut dibentuk dengan latar belakang politik berbeda-beda, tetapi sebagai institusi yuridis, pembentukannya seyogianya didasarkan pada instrumen yuridis. Artikel ini mengidentifikasi ada tiga pola dalam pembentukan pengadilan hibrida, yaitu: pembentukan pengadilan hibrida atas dasar perjanjian antara PBB dan negara terkait, pembentukan pengadilan hibrida oleh PBB atau pemerintahan internasional dan pembentukan pengadilan hibrida oleh suatu negara yang kemudian memperoleh dukungan masyarakat internasional.

Abstract
Since the end of World War II, the international community witnessed the increasingly serious efforts to deal with the international crimes. Besides the domestic criminal courts and purely international tribunals, the forum that is also recently used to handle international crimes is the hybrid courts that have been established in several places such as in Cambodia, Sierra Leone and Timor-Leste. Hybrid courts are established from different political backgrounds, but as a legal institution, its establishment was necessarily based on legal instruments. This paper identifies that there are three patterns in the formation of hybrid court, which are: the establishment of a hybrid court based on an agreement between the UN and the relevant state, the establishment of a hybrid court by the UN or international administration and the establishment of a hybrid court by a country which later gains greater international support.
Tính mùa vụ và giải pháp marketing cho phát triển bền vững du lịch biển Đồ Sơn
Authors: Pham Thanh , Dũng Vũ Trí
Published: July 2017

Du lịch biển là lĩnh vực kinh tế có vị trí quan trọng ở Việt Nam. Do chịu sự ảnh hưởng bởi điều kiện khí hậu nhiệt đới gió mùa có một mùa đông lạnh, nên hoạt động du lịch biển ở các tỉnh phía Bắc thường mang tính mùa vụ và gặp phải những khó khăn đáng kể so với các tỉnh phía Nam. Tính mùa vụ của hoạt động du lịch nói chung, du lịch biển nói riêng đã nhận được nhiều sự quan tâm từ các những nhà quản lý và kinh doanh du lịch cũng như các nhà khoa học. Việc nghiên cứu làm rõ về bản chất, nguyên nhân hình thành, hướng tác động cũng như các giải pháp nhằm giảm thiểu những tác động bất lợi của tính mùa vụ tới hoạt động du lịch luôn có tính cấp thiết và ý nghĩa khoa học.

Bài viết này tập trung phân tích và đánh giá những ảnh hưởng của tính mùa vụ tới hoạt động kinh doanh du lịch biển ở Đồ Sơn, thành phố Hải Phòng. Trên cơ sở đó, nhóm tác giả đề xuất các giải pháp marketing theo tiếp cận điều tiết cầu và điều tiết cung, trong dài hạn và ngắn hạn để khắc phục những tác động tiêu cực của tính thời vụ mang lại.
Wake in Guangzhou
Authors: Alves Maria Thereza
Published: July 2017

Wake in Guangzhou: The History of the Earth is a site-specific installation exhibited
in in the Guangdong Museum of Art in Guangzhou, China, that problematizes
issues of migration, trade, and landscape transformation.
Wake in Guangzhou investigates the origin of the seeds found on the site
of Huagui Lu, in the Liwan district in Guangzhou’s city center, where today a
hundred wholesale markets exist. A mound of earth was removed from Huagui
lu, a street in the Liwan District, the former merchant quarter’s of Guangdong.
The earth sample was put in the courtyard of the Guangzhou Museum so dormant
seeds previously buried in deep layers could germinate when exposed.
The botanist Heli Jutila writes, “Although seeds seem to be dead, they are in
fact alive and can remain vital in soil for decades, and even hundreds of years
in a state of dormancy.”
Photons, Bits and Entropy: From Planck to Shannon at the Roots of the Information Age
Authors: Martinelli Mario
Published: July 2017

The present age, which can be called the Information Age, has a core technology constituted by bits transported by photons. Both concepts, bit and photon, originated in the past century: the concept of photon was introduced by Planck in 1900 when he advanced the solution of the blackbody spectrum, and bit is a term first used by Shannon in 1948 when he introduced the theorems that founded information theory. The connection between Planck and Shannon is not immediately apparent; nor is it obvious that they derived their basic results from the concept of entropy. Examination of other important scientists can shed light on Planck’s and Shannon’s work in these respects. Darwin and Fowler, who in 1922 published a couple of papers where they reinterpreted Planck’s results, pointed out the centrality of the partition function to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. The same roots have been more recently reconsidered by Jaynes, who extended the considerations advanced by Darwin and Fowler to information theory. This paper investigates how the concept of entropy was propagated in the past century in order to show how a simple intuition, born in the 1824 during the first industrial revolution in the mind of the young French engineer Carnot, is literally still enlightening the fourth industrial revolution and probably will continue to do so in the coming century.
Multi-Objective Optimization for Solid Amine CO2 Removal Assembly in Manned Spacecraft
Authors: A Rong , Pang Liping , Liu Meng , Yang Dongsheng
Published: July 2017

Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) is one of the most important systems in the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) for a manned spacecraft. With the development of adsorbent and CDRA technology, solid amine is increasingly paid attention due to its obvious advantages. However, a manned spacecraft is launched far from the Earth, and its resources and energy are restricted seriously. These limitations increase the design difficulty of solid amine CDRA. The purpose of this paper is to seek optimal design parameters for the solid amine CDRA. Based on a preliminary structure of solid amine CDRA, its heat and mass transfer models are built to reflect some features of the special solid amine adsorbent, Polyethylenepolyamine adsorbent. A multi-objective optimization for the design of solid amine CDRA is discussed further in this paper. In this study, the cabin CO2 concentration, system power consumption and entropy production are chosen as the optimization objectives. The optimization variables consist of adsorption cycle time, solid amine loading mass, adsorption bed length, power consumption and system entropy production. The Improved Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to solve this multi-objective optimization and to obtain optimal solution set. A design example of solid amine CDRA in a manned space station is used to show the optimal procedure. The optimal combinations of design parameters can be located on the Pareto Optimal Front (POF). Finally, Design 971 is selected as the best combination of design parameters. The optimal results indicate that the multi-objective optimization plays a significant role in the design of solid amine CDRA. The final optimal design parameters for the solid amine CDRA can guarantee the cabin CO2 concentration within the specified range, and also satisfy the requirements of lightweight and minimum energy consumption.
A Novel Sectionalizing Method for Power System Parallel Restoration Based on Minimum Spanning Tree
Authors: Li Changcheng , He Jinghan , Zhang Pei , Xu Yin
Published: July 2017

Parallel restoration is a way to accelerate the black-start procedure of power systems following a blackout. An efficient sectionalizing scheme can reduce the restoration time of a system, taking into account the black-start ability, generation-load balance of subsystems, restoration time of branches, start-up time of generating units, and effects of dispatchable loads and faulted devices. Solving the sectionalizing problem is challenging since it needs to handle a large number of Boolean variables corresponding to the branches and nonlinear constraints associated with system topology. This paper investigates power system sectionalizing problem for parallel restoration to minimize the system restoration time (SRT). A novel sectionalizing method considering the restoration of generating units and network branches is proposed. Firstly, the minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm is used to determine the skeleton network of a power system. Secondly, the number of subsystems is determined according to the number of black-start units. Based on the skeleton network, candidate boundary lines among subsystems are identified. Then, constraints are evaluated to identify feasible sectionalizing schemes. Except commonly used constraints on power balancing and black-start units, this paper also considers using dispatchable loads to meet the minimum output requirements of generating units. Finally, the sectionalizing scheme with the minimum SRT is selected as the final solution. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by the IEEE 39-bus and 118-bus test systems. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method can balance the restoration time of subsystems and minimize the SRT.
G-Networks with Adders
Authors: Fourneau Jean-Michel , Gelenbe Erol
Published: July 2017

Abstract: Queueing networks are used to model the performance of the Internet, of manufacturing and job-shop systems, supply chains, and other networked systems in transportation or emergency management. Composed of service stations where customers receive service, and then move to another service station till they leave the network, queueing networks are based on probabilistic assumptions concerning service times and customer movement that represent the variability of system workloads. Subject to restrictive assumptions regarding external arrivals, Markovian movement of customers, and service time distributions, such networks can be solved efficiently with “product form solutions” that reduce the need for software simulators requiring lengthy computations. G-networks generalise these models to include the effect of “signals” that re-route customer traffic, or negative customers that reject service requests, and also have a convenient product form solution. This paper extends G-networks by including a new type of signal, that we call an “Adder”, which probabilistically changes the queue length at the service center that it visits, acting as a load regulator. We show that this generalisation of G-networks has a product form solution.
Oxidative Stress Associated with Chilling Injury in Immature Fruit: Postharvest Technological and Biotechnological Solutions
Authors: Valenzuela Juan , Manzano Susana , Palma Francisco , Carvajal Fátima , Garrido Dolores , Jamilena Manuel
Published: July 2017

Immature, vegetable-like fruits are produced by crops of great economic importance, including cucumbers, zucchini, eggplants and bell peppers, among others. Because of their high respiration rates, associated with high rates of dehydration and metabolism, and their susceptibility to chilling injury (CI), vegetable fruits are highly perishable commodities, requiring particular storage conditions to avoid postharvest losses. This review focuses on the oxidative stress that affects the postharvest quality of vegetable fruits under chilling storage. We define the physiological and biochemical factors that are associated with the oxidative stress and the development of CI symptoms in these commodities, and discuss the different physical, chemical and biotechnological approaches that have been proposed to reduce oxidative stress while enhancing the chilling tolerance of vegetable fruits.
Naturally Occurring Compounds: New Potential Weapons against Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Signorini Lorenzo , Granata Simona , Lupo Antonio , Zaza Gianluigi
Published: July 2017

Oxidative stress is a well-described imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system of cells and tissues. The overproduction of free radicals damages all components of the cell (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) and modifies their physiological functions. As widely described, this condition is a biochemical hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may dramatically influence the progression of renal impairment and the onset/development of major systemic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases. This state is exacerbated by exposure of the body to uremic toxins and dialysis, a treatment that, although necessary to ensure patients’ survival, exposes cells to non-physiological contact with extracorporeal circuits and membranes with consequent mitochondrial and anti-redox cellular system alterations. Therefore, it is undeniable that counteracting oxidative stress machinery is a major pharmacological target in medicine/nephrology. As a consequence, in recent years several new naturally occurring compounds, administered alone or integrated with classical therapies and an appropriate lifestyle, have been proposed as therapeutic tools for CKD patients. In this paper, we reviewed the recent literature regarding the “pioneering” in vivo testing of these agents and their inclusion in small clinical trials performed in patients affected by CKD.
Hepatoprotective Role of Hydrangea macrophylla against Sodium Arsenite-Induced Mitochondrial-Dependent Oxidative Stress via the Inhibition of MAPK/Caspase-3 Pathways
Authors: Akanda Md , Tae Hyun-Jin , Kim In-Shik , Ahn Dongchoon , Tian Weishun , Islam Anowarul , Nam Hyeon-Hwa , Choo Byung-Kil , Park Byung-Yong
Published: July 2017

Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) has been recognized as a worldwide health concern. Hydrangea macrophylla (HM) is used as traditional Chinese medicine possessing antioxidant activities. The study was performed to investigate the therapeutic role and underlying molecular mechanism of HM on NaAsO2-induced toxicity in human liver cancer (HepG2) cells and liver in mice. The hepatoprotective role of HM in HepG2 cells was assessed by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Histopathology, lipid peroxidation, serum biochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analyses were performed to determine the protective role of HM against NaAsO2 intoxication in liver tissue. In this study, we found that co-treatment with HM significantly attenuated the NaAsO2-induced cell viability loss, intracellular ROS, and LDH release in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic histopathology, lipid peroxidation, and the serum biochemical parameters alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were notably improved by HM. HM effectively downregulated the both gene and protein expression level of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Moreover, HM well-regulated the Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) ratio, remarkably suppressed the release of cytochrome c, and blocked the expression of the post-apoptotic transcription factor caspase-3. Therefore, our study provides new insights into the hepatoprotective role of HM through its reduction in apoptosis, which likely involves in the modulation of MAPK/caspase-3 signaling pathways.
Chromatin Dynamics in Genome Stability: Roles in Suppressing Endogenous DNA Damage and Facilitating DNA Repair
Authors: Nair Nidhi , Shoaib Muhammad , Sørensen Claus Storgaard
Published: July 2017

Genomic DNA is compacted into chromatin through packaging with histone and non-histone proteins. Importantly, DNA accessibility is dynamically regulated to ensure genome stability. This is exemplified in the response to DNA damage where chromatin relaxation near genomic lesions serves to promote access of relevant enzymes to specific DNA regions for signaling and repair. Furthermore, recent data highlight genome maintenance roles of chromatin through the regulation of endogenous DNA-templated processes including transcription and replication. Here, we review research that shows the importance of chromatin structure regulation in maintaining genome integrity by multiple mechanisms including facilitating DNA repair and directly suppressing endogenous DNA damage.
Antifungal and Ichthyotoxic Sesquiterpenoids from Santalum album Heartwood
Authors: Kim Tae , Hatano Tsutomu , Okamoto Keinosuke , Yoshida Takashi , Kanzaki Hiroshi , Arita Michiko , Ito Hideyuki
Published: July 2017

In our continuing study on a survey of biologically active natural products from heartwood of Santalum album (Southwest Indian origin), we newly found potent fish toxic activity of an n-hexane soluble extract upon primary screening using killifish (medaka) and characterized α-santalol and β-santalol as the active components. The toxicity (median tolerance limit (TLm) after 24 h at 1.9 ppm) of α-santalol was comparable with that of a positive control, inulavosin (TLm after 24 h at 1.3 ppm). These fish toxic compounds including inulavosin were also found to show a significant antifungal effect against a dermatophytic fungus, Trichophyton rubrum. Based on a similarity of the morphological change of the immobilized Trichophyton hyphae in scanning electron micrographs between treatments with α-santalol and griseofulvin (used as the positive control), inhibitory effect of α-santalol on mitosis (the antifungal mechanism proposed for griseofulvin) was assessed using sea urchin embryos. As a result, α-santalol was revealed to be a potent antimitotic agent induced by interference with microtubule assembly. These data suggested that α-santalol or sandalwood oil would be promising to further practically investigate as therapeutic agent for cancers as well as fungal skin infections.
Comparison of Dietary Intakes of 7-Year-Old Children Enrolled in Observational Birth Cohort Studies on the Isle of Man and in South-West England
Authors: Tweney Ellen , Emmett Pauline , Golding Jean , Goodfellow Stephanie , Taylor Caroline
Published: July 2017

There is concern regarding the amount of fruit and vegetables consumed and high sugar intakes in children’s diets. Regional dietary differences in the British Isles could underlie variations in health outcomes, but little is known about these differences. Our aim was to compare diets of children enrolled in observational birth cohort studies in the Isle of Man (IoM-ELSPAC) and in south-west England (ALSPAC). Dietary intakes were assessed by 3-day food records in IoM and ALSPAC at an age of 7 years. Comparisons of mean daily nutrient, and food and food group intakes were made between the studies and with UK national dietary guidelines. Diets in both regions were adequate for most nutrients except dietary fibre, but in both groups intake of free sugars was three times higher than the UK recommended maximum. There were differences between the two regions, particularly higher energy, protein, and carbohydrate intakes in IoM. IoM children consumed greater amounts of red meat, bread, full-fat milk, and sugar-sweetened drinks. IoM children had higher intakes of energy and some nutrients and food groups than ALSPAC children, and similar low intakes of fruits and vegetables. Children’s diets in both regions could be improved, particularly considering the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and the UK recommendation to lower the intake of free sugars.
Prevention and Management of Cow’s Milk Allergy in Non-Exclusively Breastfed Infants
Authors: Vandenplas Yvan
Published: July 2017

Introduction: The prevention and management of cow milk allergy (CMA) is still debated. Since CMA is much less frequent in breastfed infants, breastfeeding should be stimulated. Method: Literature was searched using databases to find original papers and reviews on this topic. Results: Hydrolysates with a clinical proof of efficacy are recommended in the prevention and treatment of CMA. However, not all meta-analyses conclude that hydrolysates do prevent CMA or other atopic manifestations such as atopic dermatitis. There are pros and cons to consider partially hydrolysed protein as an option for starter infant formula for each non-exclusively breastfed infant. A challenge test is still recommended as the most specific and sensitive diagnostic test, although a positive challenge test does not proof that the immune system is involved. The Cow Milk Symptom Score (CoMiSS™) is an awareness tool that enables healthcare professionals to better recognize symptoms related to the ingestion of cow milk, but it still needs validation as diagnostic tool. The current recommended elimination diet is a cow milk based extensive hydrolysate, although rice hydrolysates or soy infant formula can be considered in some cases. About 10 to 15% of infants allergic to cow milk will also react to soy. Mainly because of the higher cost, amino acid based formula is reserved for severe cases. There is no place for infant formula with intact protein from other animals as cross-over allergenicity is high. During recent years, attention focused also on the bifidogenic effect of prebiotics and more recently also on human milk oligosaccharides. A bifidogenic gastrointestinal microbiome may decrease the risk to develop allergic disease. The addition of probiotics and prebiotics to the elimination diet in treatment may enhance the development of tolerance development. Conclusion: Breastfeeding is the best way to feed infants. Cow milk based extensive hydrolysates remain the first option for the treatment of CMA for the majority of patients, while amino acid formulas are reserved for the most severe cases. Rice hydrolysates and soy infant formula are second choice options. Partial hydrolysates with clinical proof of efficacy are recommended in some guidelines in the prevention of CMA and allergic disease in at risk infants, and may be considered as an option as protein source in starter infant formula.
Evaluating Retrieval Effectiveness by Sustainable Rank List
Authors: Ali Tenvir , Jhandir Zeeshan , Lee Ingyu , On Byung-Won , Choi Gyu
Published: July 2017

The Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data are among the most popular emerging fields of computer science today. IoT devices are creating an enormous amount of data daily on a different scale; hence, search engines must meet the requirements of rapid ingestion and processing followed by accurate and fast extraction. Researchers and students from the field of computer science query the search engines on these topics to reveal a wealth of IoT-related information. In this study, we evaluate the relative performance of two search engines: Bing and Yandex. This work proposes an automatic scheme that populates a sustainable optimal rank list of search results with higher precision for IoT-related topics. The proposed scheme rewrites the seed query with the help of attribute terms extracted from the page corpus. Additionally, we use newness and geo-sensitivity-based boosting and dampening of web pages for the re-ranking process. To evaluate the proposed scheme, we use an evaluation matrix based on discounted cumulative gain (DCG), normalized DCG (nDCG), and mean average precision (MAPn). The experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves scores of MAP@5 = 0.60, DCG5 = 4.43, and nDCG5 = 0.95 for general queries; DCG5 = 4.14 and nDCG5 = 0.93 for time-stamp queries; and DCG5 = 4.15 and nDCG5 = 0.96 for geographical location-based queries. These outcomes validate the usefulness of the suggested system in helping a user to access IoT-related information.