bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aportes de redes sociales y los celulares a la educación y la subjetividad juvenil:
una revisión de investigaciones.
Authors: Luna Martínez María Eugenia , Lozano Ardila Martha Cecilia
Published: November 2024

El presente artículo es parte del macroproyecto de investigación “Diálogo de saberes entre las organizaciones sociales y las instituciones educativas de la subregión sur del departamento de Huila para articular esfuerzos en la construcción de ciudadanía como estrategia de defensa de la vida”. El propósito de este artículo es presentar algunas tendencias de investigación nacionales e internacionales para comprender el uso de las redes sociales y el celular en los procesos de aprendizaje escolar y en la subjetividad juvenil, en 56 investigaciones. A partir del análisis textual se identificaron tres tendencias relacionadas con la problemática de interés: a) Uso de las redes sociales y el celular para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje significativo, b) Uso de las redes sociales y las TIC para la construcción de vínculos sociales e identidades, y c) Las redes sociales y el celular para promover la convivencia escolar.
Pelas ruas do Bixiga: relações entre o espaço construído e as dinâmicas sociais.
Authors: Souza André Spina Adeodato de , Miranda Gabriela Martins
Published: November 2024

Este ensaio etnográfico propõe-se a analisar as relações entre o espaço construído e as dinâmicas sociais no bairro do Bixiga. Motivadas pelo “Cortejo Viva o Bixiga”, promovido pelo Sesc 14 Bis, foram realizadas duas incursões que seguiram o trajeto do cortejo: uma no dia do evento e outra no fim de semana seguinte. A partir da mobilização de trechos dos relatos produzidos pelos dois autores, procura-se reconstruir o percurso, apontando as características de uso e ocupação do solo, bem como as diferentes dinâmicas sociais e configurações espaciais observadas, a fim de produzir uma análise que relacione esses elementos em momentos distintos.
Circuitos urbanos do terror de Estado: Uma abordagem antirracista e interseccional da militarização
Authors: Martins Gizele , Farias Juliana
Published: November 2024

Neste artigo, analisamos situações e casos de violência policial a partir de um quadro teórico-metodológico que combina a “virada das mobilidades” com estudos urbanos e interseccionais. Trata-se de uma aposta analítica para refletir sobre microdeslocamentos forçados e diferentes tipos de checkpoints que marcam cotidianos militarizados em territórios favelados e periféricos no Rio de Janeiro e na Palestina. Na primeira parte deste artigo, voltamos nossa atenção para diferentes situações etnografadas em favelas cariocas, considerando os marcadores sociais de raça, gênero, sexualidade e classe/território em todas as situações abordadas. Através de tais situações é possível compreender o que estamos enxergando enquanto “circuitos do terror de estado”. Na segunda parte, o olhar mais aproximado dá lugar a lentes capazes de sobrevoar tal circuito de forma mais distanciada, capturando elementos para refletirmos sobre a internacionalização das formas de controle e da militarização da vida e do território. É nesta parte que se solidifica a perspectiva de contraste entre as tecnologias governamentais acionadas nas favelas e periferias brasileiras com aquelas utilizadas na faixa de Gaza, na Palestina.
Fortaleza: cidade fortificada e governo dos resíduos
Authors: Maciel Wellington Ricardo Nogueira
Published: November 2024

Nos últimos anos, diante do aumento dos índices de homicídios e da urbanização, uma linguagem bélica emergiu nos meios de comunicação e nas ciências sociais cearenses: “guerra às drogas”, “guerra ao crime”, “guerra de facções”, “guerra sem fim”, “guerra infinita”. No centro dessa guerra, uma cidade presumida. Ao observar as modulações por meio das quais as técnicas de governo têm gerido resíduos materiais, corpóreos e subjetivos ao longo de Fortaleza é possível falar em fortificação governamental da cidade. Este artigo apresenta as questões principais de uma agenda de pesquisas sobre o imaginário de uma cidade fortificada e o modo como o governo dos resíduos utiliza-se da fortificação como estratégia de gestão de populações e territórios nas margens urbanas.
Artes cênicas como objeto de polêmica: o debate sobre a “decadência do teatro nacional” (Rio de Janeiro, 1822 - década de 1920)
Authors: Polleti Daniel
Published: November 2024

A “decadência do teatro nacional” é um tema onipresente de todo o debate sobre as artes cênicas do Brasil do século XIX até o começo do XX. A proposta deste artigo é levar a sério as justificativas dos atores e mostrar como esse debate tem um papel estruturante no meio teatral local. Analisando esta discussão nos jornais cariocas, argumenta-se que, ao invés de julgar a veracidade do que é dito, deve-se atentar aos usos que são feitos do debate e seus efeitos sociais. Ele é uma peça central dos jogos de disputas de poder e de legitimação de grupos profissionais. Pelo debate, o meio teatral esclarece suas questões e desafios, são propostos caminhos a serem seguidos e as posições de cada ator são explicitadas. Enfim, ele é um apelo à união, única maneira de regenerar o teatro, ao mesmo tempo em que se tenta estabelecer uma coexistência pacífica entre os diversos interesses no interior desse universo.
Os sujeitos da insubmissão: narrativas de protesto e contestação à política florestal do Estado Novo (1938-1974)
Authors: Pires Leonardo Aboim
Published: November 2024

Nuestro objetivo en este artículo es básicamente proporcionar información más detallada sobre las formas de acción popular contra el proyecto de forestación creado por el régimen del Estado Novo en Portugal a partir de 1938. Sistemática o aleatoriamente, este tema ha sido trabajado por varios investigadores y se ha producido una cantidad considerable de información y conocimientos. La visión global a través de la cual proponemos abordar la resistencia campesina parte de un elemento específico de su repertorio de contestación: las peticiones y exposiciones enviadas por las comunidades rurales y los agentes locales al gobierno. A partir de lo anterior, el objetivo fundamental es identificar y esclarecer los procesos y medios que produjeron resistencias en diálogo directo con el poder político y que convergen hacia la idea de una lógica ininterrumpida de oposición a las políticas públicas en diferentes partes del país durante la dictadura.
As hipóteses sobre o proto-nipo-coreano: desafios nas correspondências sonoras de pronomes e numerais
Authors: Lira Markus Tanaka de
Published: November 2024

Desde Arai (1717), diversos pesquisadores têm levantado a possibilidade de que a família Japônica e a família Coreânica possam compartilhar uma origem comum. Nestes mais de trezentos anos de pesquisa, houve avanços com o uso de técnicas do método comparativo em linguística histórica, como Martin (1966), porém um argumento mais robusto para a confirmação de uma origem comum a essas línguas, uma protolíngua cujos reflexos possam ser previstos através de regras de correspondência fonológica, permanece como um desafio. Como exemplo de como uma protolíngua é formulada e quais passos ainda são necessários para fortalecer a hipótese de um ancestral comum entre a língua japonesa e a língua coreana, alguns pronomes interrogativos e numerais cardinais baixos, de 1 a 10, foram escolhidos sistematicamente. Apesar de haver pelo menos duas correspondências sonoras promissoras nos pronomes, não parece haver cognatos nos sistemas numéricos, o que sugeriria ou um conjunto de inovações completas, eliminando quaisquer cognatos dentro dessas palavras, ou uma origem para ambas as línguas que pode não ser mais detectada com base nas ferramentas atualmente disponíveis na linguística histórica.
BRAZILIAN SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ABOUT JAPAN: PERSPECTIVES FROM THE FIELD OF PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Cambur Arthur , Almeida Igor de
Published: November 2024

O Japão é um país muito influente no mundo, tanto econômica quanto culturalmente. Apesar da influência cultural, econômica e da imigração japonesa no Brasil, o Japão parece não  atrair  tanta  atenção  dentro  da  academia  brasileira,  quando  comparado às  potências ocidentais. A academia brasileira teve e tem como principais influências as academias europeias e estadunidense. Isso se reflete na produção científica brasileira em diversas áreas, incluindo na psicologia. O objetivo desde estudo foi quantificar e analisar a produção brasileira sobre o Japão dentro do campo da psicologia. 142 publicações foram analisadas e classificadas nos temas: cultura, imigração, psicologia e áreas relacionadas, e outros. A influência de autores com ascendência japonesa também foi analisada. Apesar da quantidade razoável de publicações sobre o Japão, o número ainda é baixo comparado a publicações sobre países europeus, latino-americanos ou EUA.
Hijikata Tatsumi: duas entrevistas sobre a dança das trevas
Authors: Aleixo Daniel , Hashimoto Lica
Published: November 2024

Tradução integral direta japonês-português de duas entrevistas com o dançarino Hijikata Tatsumi, ambas precedidas por contextualização historiográfica do próprio. São elas:"Arrancando para fora a escuridão da carne..."(1968) e "Um espírito maligno dança sobre o palco em trevas" (1969). Ambas propõem ontologias e metodologias para a dança das trevas, ou butô (ankoku butō), incitadas pela dialética errante de Hijikata com Shibusawa Tatsuhiko e Satō Takeru, seus respectivos entrevistadores.
Anexo: cronograma histórico da primeira fase da era Meiji (1868-1880)
Authors: Sasaki Elisa Massae , Teruya Luísa Yoneko Tayra , Ferreira Rodney , Silva Amanda Osti da
Published: November 2024

Trata-se do cronograma histórico da primeira fase da era Meiji, para contextualizar o período em que esteve em circulação a revista Meiroku, o tema do dossiê e foco das discussões dos quatro trabalhos apresentados pelos membros do grupo de pesquisa "Pensamento Japonês: princípios e desdobramentos".
O trauma e o gênero em Chuva Negra (1965), de Ibuse Masuji
Authors: Yamamoto Lilian
Published: November 2024

Hiroshima e Nagasáqui foram destruídas pelas bombas nucleares em 6 e 9 de agosto de 1945, respectivamente. Ambas as cidades e as suas vítimas sofreram com o trauma físico e emocional retratados em obras literárias, da chamada literatura hibakusha (vítimas das bombas atômicas). Este artigo pretende analisar a obra de Ibuse Masuji e suas características, em especial, a obra Chuva Negra (Kuroi Ame, 1965), uma das mais famosas obras desse gênero literário, com o objetivo de discutir as particularidades do trauma sofrido pela personagem Yasuko. Também se pretende examinar o desenvolvimento da literatura de trauma e da literatura hibakusha, bem como expor uma breve biografia do autor Ibuse Masuji.
Design e ancestralidade postos em questão: considerações sobre o papel social do design no Brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Curcio Gustavo Orlando Fudaba , Araújo Sarah Rocksane
Published: November 2024

This article aims to discuss the character and social role of design and the work of designers in contemporary Brazil. It particularly focuses on processes and projects that incorporate the knowledge and ancestral traditions of indigenous peoples. The analysis is conducted through the works of Gui Bonsiepe and Aloísio Magalhães, highlighting the relevance of design in valuing and recognizing the production methods of these communities. The discussion addresses how contemporary design can serve as an agent of social transformation by integrating traditional knowledge and promoting cultural inclusion and appreciation. The article emphasizes the need for a more inclusive and critical perspective in the field of design, recognizing and celebrating the richness of ancestral traditions.
Politicamente correto e identidade em A Marca Humana, de Philip Roth
Authors: Nassar Paulo , Urbano Caio Henrique Trentini
Published: November 2024

Esta reseña aborda la novela La marca humana, del autor norteamericano Philip Roth, publicada a principios de este milenio. La lectura de la obra permite dos perspectivas pertinentes a la condición contemporánea, que se abordan a lo largo del texto: la cuestión de la identidad de los personajes centrales de la novela y la corrección política, detonante de la historia narrada.
ApoE Receptor-2 R952Q Variant in Macrophages Elevates Soluble LRP1 to Potentiate Hyperlipidemia and Accelerate Atherosclerosis in Mice
Authors: Turkson Vanessa , Haller April , Jaeschke Anja , Hui David Y.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

apoER2 (apolipoprotein E receptor-2) is a transmembrane receptor in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family with unique tissue expression. A single-nucleotide polymorphism that encodes the R952Q sequence variant has been associated with elevated plasma cholesterol levels and increased myocardial infarction risk in humans. The objective of this study was to delineate the mechanism underlying the association between the apoER2 variant with arginine-to-glutamine substitution at residue 952 (R952Q) and increased atherosclerosis risk.

METHODS:

An apoER2 R952Q mouse model was generated and intercrossed with LDLR knockout mice, followed by feeding a Western-type high-fat high-cholesterol diet for 16 weeks. Atherosclerosis was investigated by immunohistology. Plasma lipids and lipid distributions among the various lipoprotein classes were analyzed by colorimetric assay. Tissue-specific effects of the R952Q sequence variant on atherosclerosis were analyzed by bone marrow transplant studies. sLRP1 (soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) was measured in plasma and conditioned media from bone marrow–derived macrophages by ELISA and GST-RAP (glutathione S-transferase-receptor-associated protein) pull-down, respectively. P38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation in VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein)–treated macrophages was determined by Western blot analysis.

RESULTS:

Consistent with observations in humans with this sequence variant, the apoER2 R952Q mutation exacerbated diet-induced hypercholesterolemia, via impediment of plasma triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance, to accelerate atherosclerosis in Western diet–fed LDLR knockout mice. Reciprocal bone marrow transplant experiments revealed that the apoER2 R952Q mutation in bone marrow–derived cells instead of non-bone marrow–derived cells was responsible for the increase in hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Additional data showed that the apoER2 R952Q mutation in macrophages promotes VLDL-induced LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) shedding in a p38 MAPK–dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONS:

The apoER2 R952Q mouse model recapitulates characteristics observed in human disease. The underlying mechanism is that the apoER2 R952Q mutation in macrophages exacerbates VLDL-stimulated sLRP1 production in a p38 MAPK–dependent manner, resulting in its competition with cell surface LRP1 to impede triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance, thereby resulting in increased hypercholesterolemia and accelerated atherosclerosis.
Empagliflozin Attenuates Neointima Formation After Arterial Injury and Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Suppressing Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor–Related Signaling
Authors: Chang Gwo‐Jyh , Chen Wei‐Jan , Hsu Yu‐Juei , Chen Ying‐Hwa
Published: November 2024

Background

Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular events. However, the precise mechanisms beyond glycemic control are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to determine the role of PDGF (platelet‐derived growth factor)–related signaling in empagliflozin‐mediated inhibition of neointima formation.

Methods and Results

Adult male nondiabetic Wistar rats were subjected to carotid artery balloon injury. Empagliflozin (30 mg/kg per day) was administered by oral gavage for 18 days beginning 4 days before surgery. The in vitro effects of empagliflozin on rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration were also determined. Empagliflozin attenuated balloon injury–induced neointima formation in carotid arteries. In VSMCs, empagliflozin attenuated PDGF‐BB‐induced proliferation and migration. Moreover, empagliflozin‐treated VSMCs did not undergo apoptosis or cytotoxic death. Empagliflozin suppressed PDGF‐related signaling, including phosphorylation of PDGF receptor β, Akt, and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). Overactivation of PDGF signaling attenuated empagliflozin‐mediated inhibition of VSMC function. SGLT2 mRNA levels in rat VSMCs were undetectable, and SGLT2 silencing did not alter the empagliflozin‐mediated effects, supporting the SGLT2‐independent effects of empagliflozin on VSMC.

Conclusions

This study highlights the crucial role of suppressing PDGF‐related signaling in mediating the beneficial effects of empagliflozin on neointima formation and VSMC function, which are independent of SGLT2 and glycemic control. Our study provides a novel mechanistic aspect of empagliflozin for the prevention of vascular stenosis disorders.
Prevalent Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Among Veterans by Sexual Orientation
Authors: Streed Carl G. , Duncan Meredith S. , Heier Kory R. , Workman T. Elizabeth , Beach Lauren B. , Caceres Billy A. , O'Leary John R. , Skanderson Melissa , Goulet Joseph L.
Published: November 2024

Background

Seven million lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults will be aged >50 years by 2030; assessing and addressing their risk for cardiovascular disease is critical.

Methods and Results

We analyzed a nationwide cohort using the Veterans Health Administration data. Sexual orientation (SO) was classified via a validated natural language processing algorithm. Prevalent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) (history of acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or revascularization) was identified via
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision
(
ICD‐9
and
ICD‐10
) codes. The index date was the date of the first primary care appointment on or after October 1, 2009. We ascertained covariates and prevalent ASCVD in the year following the index date; the baseline date was 1 year after the index date. We calculated sample statistics by sex and SO and used logistic regression analyses to assess associations between SO and prevalent ASCVD. Of 1 102 193 veterans with natural language processing‐defined SO data, 170 861 were classified as LGB. Prevalent ASCVD was present among 25 031 (4105 LGB). Adjusting for age, sex, race, and Hispanic ethnicity, LGB veterans had 1.24 [1.19–1.28] greater odds of prevalent ASCVD versus non‐LGB identified veterans. This association remained significant upon additional adjustment for the ASCVD risk factors substance use, anxiety, and depression (odds ratio [OR],1.17 [95% CI, 1.13–1.21]). Among a subset with self‐reported SO, findings were consistent (OR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.20–1.95]).

Conclusions

This is one of the first studies to examine cardiovascular risk factors and disease of the veteran population stratified by natural language processing‐defined SO. Future research must explore psychological, behavioral, and physiological mechanisms that result in poorer cardiovascular health among LGB veterans.
Multi-stakeholder Governance Toward Mitigating Marine Plastic Waste in Hoi An Coastal City, Vietnam
Authors: Ngoc Pham Thi Bich , Nghia Le Hoang , Tuan Nguyen Duc
Published: November 2024

Background and objective: Marine plastic waste is a pressing environmental issue that requires coordinated efforts across various stakeholders to mitigate its impacts effectively. This research examines the multi-stakeholder governance approach towards reducing marine plastic waste in Hoi An coastal city, Vietnam. The study explores the roles and interactions of key stakeholders, including government agencies, local communities, businessmen, scientists, and international agencies, in addressing marine plastic pollution.Methods: Through a combination of interviews, policy analysis, and field observations, this research identifies the challenges and opportunities in implementing sustainable waste management practices. A mixed-methods approach study was conducted and collected data from August 2022 to February 2023, June 2023 to September 2023 and July-August 2024. Two hundred and three random online survey samples were collected. Additionally, forty in-depth interviews were conducted with government officers, businesspeople, researchers, and international agency representatives and each interview lasted for about one hour. The research used both purposive and snowball sampling to maximise the breadth of actors’ perspectives.Results: The research found that effective mechanisms and collaborative governance among diverse stakeholders such as government officials, businesses, communities, international organizations, and scientists are crucial for significantly reducing marine plastic waste. It also underscores the importance of community engagement in preventing plastic waste from entering the ocean and highlights the role of market-driven forces in plastic waste mitigation. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the need to expand scientific and international support to achieve the ultimate goal of reducing marine plastic waste.Conclusion: This study offers insights into best practices and policy recommendations that can be applied to other coastal regions facing similar environmental challenges. By fostering a collective responsibility approach, Hoi An can serve as a model for other coastal cities in Vietnam and beyond in their efforts to combat marine plastic pollution.
A Meta-analysis of Horticultural Therapy Programs for Older Adults with Dementia
Authors: Lee Sujeong , Kim Jonghyuck , Yun Sukyoung
Published: November 2024

Background and objective: This study analyzed the effect size of each element to secure the expertise of horticultural therapy programs for older adults with dementia.Methods: This study conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the effectiveness of horticultural therapy programs for older adults with dementia using 'horticulture' as a search term. To this end, 29 articles were selected and analyzed from a total of 147 articles published between 2003 and 2022.Results: First, the overall effect size of horticultural therapy for older adults with dementia was .522, which is statistically significant. This is considered a medium effect size according to Cohen's (1988) criteria for effect size. Second, the group size, a variable related to the number of subjects, showed the largest effect size when the group had 21–30 participants, and the number of sessions per week showed the largest effect size when the number of sessions was once a week, followed by twice a week, and so on. The effect size was largest when the total number of sessions was 21 or more, and when each session was conducted for 90-120 minutes.Conclusion: This study examined previous studies related to horticultural therapy programs for older adults with dementia through a meta-analysis and presented the results of a systematic effect size analysis. The significance of this study is that it summarized the factors that have a large effect and quantified the effect sizes so that it can be used in various horticultural therapy programs for older adults with dementia.
Possibility of Integrated Planning for Parks, Greenbelts and Street Space in South Korea
Authors: Park Kani , Choi Seungbin , Shim Youngju , Huh Keun Young
Published: November 2024

Background and objective: Planning for parks and greenbelts is crucial in public housing district plans. This study was conducted to explore the possibility of expanding parks and greenbelts by adjusting street space according to legal bases and suggest a model for expanding parks and greenbelts by reducing the area of roads in new town planning.Methods: The research site, Public Housing District ‘Wangsuk 2’ near Seoul City, is part of the 3rd Phase New Towns. It is being developed according to the government’s policy to expand the housing supply in the Seoul metropolitan area. The legal possibilities related to land, housing, and roads were reviewed, the site was analyzed through the land use plan of Wangsuk 2, and an integration model was developed, applied, and evaluated.Results: An integrated street park model was designed, which integrates sidewalks, bicycle lanes, and planting strips planned as part of road facilities with adjacent parks or greenbelts. The road sections of the site that require the improvement of street space were selected for the model application. As a result of the simulation, the total length of the integrated street parks was about 4 km, the area of parks and greenbelts expanded by 15,901 m², increasing the ratio of park and greenbelt area by 0.7%, and the ratio of road area decreased from 17.1% to 16.4%.Conclusion: Integrated street parks expand green space in new town development while providing a safe and comfortable passage for visitors, pedestrians, bicycle/PM users, and drivers. This study is significant in that it presents an alternative to expanding green space that can improve street space and urban environment, which residents can experience daily.
Reimagining Spaces in Central and Eastern Europe or Memory Roulette: Legal, Political and Social Aspects
Authors: Sadowski Mirosław Michał
Published: November 2024

If one was to look for a single word to describe the historical experiences of Central and Eastern Europe (cee), roulette comes immediately to mind. Be that the fall of great empires of the region following World War i (wwi), the tragedy of World War ii (wwii), the Iron Curtain separating cee from the rest of the world, the fall of communism, the more recent illiberal ‘reckoning’ or the Russo-Ukrainian war, the region’s history is characterised by unpredictibility. Importantly, these moments of ground-breaking change affect not only the political sphere – although the regime shifts and border changes are often amongst the most noticeable – but also the national imaginaries, as the process of collective memory inversion takes place, and official narratives of the yesteryear are replaced by those currently in power. Law plays an important role in managing these modifications, in particular those most visible, relating to public spaces and cultural heritage. The purpose of this paper is to look holistically at the changes that took place in the public sphere in the region since the end of wwi, with a particular focus on the intersection of law, politics and social changes. In the first, theoretical part of the paper, the author explains the relationship between collective memory and public spaces, linking these concepts with the understanding of the field, violence, habitus, and crisis proposed by Bourdieu. The second part of the paper introduces the major moments of change in the recent cee history from the perspective of reimagination of public spaces, illustrating them on selected case studies: post-wwi fall of the empires and the destruction of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Warsaw, the wwii atrocities and the erasure of shtetl culture, the times of communism and the construction of the People’s Palace in Bucharest, the post-1989 decommunisation and the (not always) meticulous removal of the communist monuments from Estonia, the arrival of illiberalism and the reimagining of museums in Hungary, and, ultiamtely, the Russo-Ukrainian war and the ensuing derussification of Ukraine. In the third, conclusive part of the paper, the author looks at the big picture, linking the theoretical with the case studies more generally and proposing to draw lessons from Central and Eastern European roulette, which may also be applicable to other spaces in permanent flux.
Unmasking Authoritarian Constitutional Imaginary
Authors: Szente Zoltán
Published: November 2024

This paper examines how the constitutional imaginary was transformed in Hungary after 2010, during the period of the right-wing populist government. While after the fall of the communist regime at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s there was a consensus that a Western-style democracy and the rule of law should be established in Hungary, and the democratic transition took place accordingly, 2010 was a turning point in the Hungarian constitutional development. The former right-wing opposition won a parliamentary supermajority in the general elections that year, which created an opportunity for the new government to unilaterally transform the country’s constitutional structure and at the same time introduce a new constitutional narrative. The paper analyzes this new kind of constitutional imaginary discussing its three main symbols, constitutional identity, the revival of the historical constitution, and the Christian culture. The study argues that these elements and other ideological features of the new constitutional order do not form a coherent system, nor did they create a new form of constitutionalism, but their primary goal has been to consolidate and strengthen the government’s power and make it exclusive. The Hungarian example shows how the constitutional imaginary has been instrumentalized during an authoritarian transition.
Book review: Manoj Joshi, (Ed.), India–China Border: The Enduring Threat of War in the Himalayas
Authors: Deepak B R
Published: November 2024

Manoj Joshi, (Ed.), India–China Border: The Enduring Threat of War in the Himalayas. India: Harper Collins, p. 256 Price ₹599; ISBN 1-3-978-9394407725
“What Are You?” Racial Ambiguity, Belonging, and Well-being Among NonVeiled Arab American Women
Authors: Abdel-Salam Laila , Smith Laura
Published: November 2024

The present study fills a gap in the Arab American psychological literature by exploring the impact of racial ambiguity and legal invisibility on Arab American women’s sense of belonging and well-being. This exploratory consensual qualitative research (CQR) investigation analyzed interview data from 13 nonveiled Arab American women. The interview probed their reactions to Arab Americans’ legal invisibility in the United States, their perceptions of how White people and Black, Indigenous, and people of Color (BIPOC) perceived them racially, and examined their emotional responses and coping strategies. The study’s results revealed participants’ feelings of invisibility, invalidation, and hurt when they were not recognized as BIPOC, highlighting the participants’ experience of exclusion. The results not only have implications for professional practice, education, and research but also for policy. In particular, this study lends support to Arab and Middle Eastern North African (MENA) advocacy efforts for formal recognition in the United States via representation in the U.S. Census and elsewhere.
Elucidation of crystalline morphology, crystallinity and mechanical properties of carbon fibre/PEEK composites under different cooling rates
Authors: Bandaru Aswani Kumar , Lahellec Soline , Ma Hong , Barnana Hema Dinesh , O’Higgins Ronan M.
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the influence of the cooling rate on the crystallinity and mechanical properties of carbon fibre-reinforced polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) composites. Interlaminar shear and compressive performance of CF/PEEK composites were studied under different cooling rates ranging from 1.5°C/min to 300°C/min. The bond strength, crystallinity and crystalline morphologies were correlated. The crystallinity percentage was measured by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and the crystalline morphology was revealed by focused ion beam etching. The study found a 14% decrease in crystallinity with an increase in cooling rate. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and the compressive strength (CS) were assessed by short beam shear (SBS) and combined load compression (CLC) tests, respectively. The increase in cooling rate was observed to reduce the ILSS and CS by 6-11% and 1-30%, respectively. The reduction in ILSS and CS was attributed to the presence of void and the decrease in crystallinity. The failure modes for both tests were examined at macro and microscopic levels, providing practical insights into the behaviour of CF/PEEK composites under different cooling rates.
Unevenly Unequal Responsiveness: Public Opinion and Redistributive Policy Shifts in Western Europe Since 2008
Authors: Rosset Jan , Poltier Jérémie , Pontusson Jonas
Published: November 2024

Recent studies puzzle over why it is that democratically elected governments have not responded to rising inequality by engaging in more redistribution. While some scholars argue that low- and middle-income citizens have not responded to rising inequality in the way we would expect, others argue that policymakers are not responsive to the demands of these citizens. We argue that both solutions to the “lack-of-redistribution puzzle” leave something to be desired and that variation across policy domains sheds new light on the issues at stake in this debate. Based on an original 2019 survey replicating questions asked by the European Social Survey in 2008, we show that support for progressive income taxation and more egalitarian unemployment insurance has increased in most West European countries since 2008. Tax policy has moved in the same direction as public opinion, but unemployment policy has not. We conclude that public opinion should be conceived as a constraint on policymakers motivated by political-economy considerations rather than a driver of policy developments.
The Agrarian Economy: Perceptions Versus Reality
Authors: Swaminathan Madhura
Published: November 2024

Using evidence from official statistics as well as village studies on incomes from farming across regions, crops, socio-economic classes, and castes, first, I argue that the large majority of cultivators today receive abysmally low incomes and face high variability in incomes. Rising distress can also be inferred from the fact that costs of production have risen faster than government-announced minimum support prices for most crops in most regions of India. Second, I examine the myth of farming in India being highly subsidised, resulting in the overproduction of rice and wheat. I show that subsidies in India are low in comparison to the rest of the world, the European Union and North America, in particular. I also examine projections for different food crops to examine the question of ‘overproduction’. The third issue examined in this article is the invisibility of women workers in agriculture. I argue that women are playing an increasingly significant role in the agricultural economy, a role that official statistics are unable to capture.
Book review: Ashok Pankaj, Lohia ke Sapno ka Bharat: Bhartiya Samajwad ki Ruprekha [India of Lohia’s Dreams: Contours of Indian Socialism] (Hindi)
Authors: Jha Manish K
Published: November 2024

Ashok Pankaj, Lohia ke Sapno ka Bharat: Bhartiya Samajwad ki Ruprekha [India of Lohia’s Dreams: Contours of Indian Socialism] (Hindi), Lokbharti Prakashan, 2024, 200 pp., ₹225, ISBN: 978-8119996063 (Paperback).
Active fault-tolerant control based on DDQN architecture applied to HVAC system
Authors: Masdoua Yanis , Boukhnifer Moussa , Adjallah Kondo H
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the development and application of an active fault-tolerant control for temperature regulation in an intelligent building. The architecture uses a combination of fault detection and diagnosis techniques and optimal control based on deep reinforcement learning to ensure correct system operation in the presence of faults with good performance. Promising results have been obtained with this approach. It provides an effective solution for maintaining heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system performance and reliability, which is essential for ensuring user comfort and safety.
Presentation of representative shape parameters of porous media based on mathematical computation on images
Authors: Shafiabadi Mina , Sanei Manouchehr , Hekmatnejad Amin , Sajadi Seyed-Mousa
Published: November 2024

The shape parameters of porous media are really important to describe the petrophysical and geomechanical parameters of reservoirs. In addition, shape analysis can provide essential information about the origin, transport, deposition history of particles, etc. Because macroscopic properties (such as permeability, diffusion, etc.) are influenced by microscopic properties (such as pore size, grain shape, etc.). So far, various studies have been conducted to calculate some shape parameters, however, there is no comprehensive study that first includes most of the geometric parameters of the shape and then presents the representative shape parameters. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present representative shape parameters of porous media based on mathematical computation on images. The shape parameters studied included roundness, circularity, angularity, convexity, compactness, sphericity, aspect ratio, elongation, eccentricity, shape factor, and regularity. Calculation of shape parameters is done digitally using the developed program. The necessary data for the desired analysis are obtained from real sandstone samples. To develop this research, first, the mentioned shape parameters are calculated using the developed program for all rock samples. Then, by establishing a relationship between the mentioned parameters, the representative parameters that can show the shape of the porous medium are expressed. The results of this study show that the representative shape parameters of the porous medium are compactness, shape factor-round, and aspect ratio, which are good indicators for the shape of the porous medium.
Theaters of Algorithmic Transparency and the Politics of Exemplarity
Authors: Cellard Loup
Published: November 2024

This article shows how transparency practitioners seeking to enhance the understandability of French housing tax algorithms produced slow disclosures they claim to be “exemplary.” In doing so, the study highlights time management as an understudied dimension of transparency performances. What matters is not simply how each disclosure appears convincing but their relationships: they constitute a sequence resulting in the pacification of critical audiences. In this configuration, algorithmic transparency generates what I call a “theater:” ways to stage disclosures, sustain them with claims of “exemplary” performance, and display over time different accounts where the understanding of algorithms will always be partial. The justice that is supposed to come with full accountability will then be postponed. Because it takes a lot of time and effort, demonstrating accountability has been delegated two times: from ministries to less known state intermediaries with expertise in algorithms management; and then from intermediaries to citizens obliged to interpret complex disclosures staged through web simulators. While in early STS studies about the theatrics of accountability audiences were simply witnesses of performances, in theaters of algorithmic transparency, citizens are over time more profoundly configured as active users of code and data.
Factors affecting social technologies driven knowledge sharing among Pakistani university librarians and its impact on library service innovation
Authors: Soomro Masroor Ahmed , Arif Muhammad , Asim Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This study explores the factors influencing knowledge sharing (KS) via social technologies (STs) among Pakistani university librarians and its effect on library service innovation. The research employed an expanded version of the theory of planned behavior as its theoretical framework. Data were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire to 281 university librarians of Pakistan using the convenience sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression test were used to analyze the collected data. The study found prevalent use of platforms like WhatsApp and Facebook. All nine hypotheses suggesting positive correlations among factors were supported. Key factors found to be shaping librarians’ KS behavior include trust, attitude, enjoyment in helping others, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms. Additionally, individual behavior intention, perceived reciprocal benefits, and management support were also found to be crucial in fostering KS. On the whole, the study showed a positive impact in knowledge sharing through social platforms on library service innovation. This study will be useful for librarians around the world by providing evidence-based strategies and insights into fostering effective knowledge sharing through social technologies, which can lead to enhanced library services and innovation in diverse library settings globally.
Finite element modeling to explore static bending responses of four-layer FG beam structures considering sliding motions
Authors: Van Minh Phung , Dong Anh Nguyen , Van Thom Do , Kien Do Xuan
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a detailed finite element formulation to examine the static bending behavior of a four-layer beam construction. The two outermost layers consist of functionally graded materials (FGM), whilst the two interior levels are constructed of homogeneous materials. A sliding interaction transpires among all four layers when an external force is applied. Shear connections are included in the model to avert possible movement between these layers. The Timoshenko beam theory and two-node beam element are used to formulate mathematical and mechanical equations. The computational program is executed via MATLAB software. Then, verification instances are supplied to validate the precision of the deployed computational program. Parametric evaluation is performed to evaluate the influence of geometric and material properties on the static bending behavior of the beam. The results of the paper illustrate the attractive nature of the proposed model. Moreover, several interrelated concerns, including buckling analysis, dynamic analysis, and structural optimization, may be inferred from this paper.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the CDA-Stop Program: Cyberviolence Prevention Program for Adolescent Couples
Authors: Jaureguizar Joana , Dosil-Santamaría María , Galende Nuria , Redondo Iratxe
Published: November 2024

Dating cyberviolence is a frequent problem among young people, with severe consequences both when it takes place and when establishing future relationships. This phenomenon has been on the rise in recent years, and there is increasing concern from governments and institutions to address it. However, there are not many programs to prevent it. The Cyber Dating Abuse-Stop program is proposed precisely with this objective: to prevent partner cyberviolence from an early age by adapting to their characteristics and addressing different variables related to it. A quasi-experimental design was used, with a control group and pre- and posttest measurements. Participants were 409 adolescents between ages 12 and 17 years; 236 participants who took part in the 12 sessions of the program, and 173 participants who were assigned to the control group. The program consisted of sessions that required active participation of the participants, including role playing, guided discussions, viewing of videos and clips, debates, etc. The program was effective in variables such as the ability to identify one’s own cyberviolence, sexism, myths about romantic love, and the perception of Internet risks, with significant improvements in the experimental group compared to the control group. Other variables, such as self-esteem and empathy, did not improve significantly with the program. The program has been effective in preventing cyberviolence in dating relationships among adolescents. The implications of the results are discussed, as well as aspects to be considered in future program applications.
Public Perceptions of Individuals Attracted to Children: The Impact of the Person’s Gender, Child Gender, and Preferentiality on Stigma and Perceived Risk to Offend
Authors: Roche Kailey , Pagacz Joelle , Lalumière Martin L. , Seto Michael C.
Published: November 2024

Stigma-related stress may contribute to increased risk in individuals who are sexually attracted to children. Further, certain subgroups of people attracted to children may be more stigmatized than others; this has important implications for prevention programs. We conducted a vignette study to examine whether public stigma toward people attracted to children differed based on the person’s gender (man/woman), the gender of the child to whom the person is attracted (boy/girl), and preferentiality (non-preferentially/preferentially attracted to children). A sample of 385 participants ( Mage = 41; 66% White; 52% male; 57% US residents) were recruited through Prolific. Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight vignettes presenting a non-offending individual attracted to children. Vignettes varied on the person’s gender, the gender of the child to whom they were attracted, and whether they were preferentially or non-preferentially attracted to children. Participants were asked to rate their perception of risk for the person to commit a child sexual offense (and give their reasoning) as well as fill out a measure of stigma regarding the person in the vignette. The only characteristic associated with perception of risk and stigma was preferentiality; participants rated preferentially attracted persons as being a higher risk to offend and endorsed higher stigma regarding that individual. Open-ended responses indicated that in rating risk to offend, participants were concerned with the role of attraction to children, characteristics of the attraction, loss of control and opportunism, lack of offense history, and lifestyle factors.
Normal saline vs balanced intravenous fluids in acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective study
Authors: Davis Joshua J
Published: November 2024

While some studies have suggested better outcomes for critically ill patients with balanced solutions over normal saline, the best type of intravenous fluid to use for stroke patients remains unknown. Using a retrospective chart review of 2015–2019 Get with the Guidelines® data at a single academic medical center, this study sought to determine whether balanced solutions or normal saline are associated with risk of hemorrhagic transformation or 90-day disability in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Exposure was the type of intravenous fluid and outcomes were modified Rankin scale (mRS) ≤2 at 90 days and hemorrhagic transformation. Multivariate analysis controlled for age, demographics, medical history, time to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and admission stroke scale. We identified 302 patients who received thrombolysis, of which 166 patients had mRS data at 90 days. In univariate analysis, exposure to any balanced solution was associated with increased 90-day disability (odds ratio (OR) 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8–4.9) and hemorrhagic transformation (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3–2.2). In multivariate analysis, exposure to a balanced solution at any time was associated with increased 90-day disability (OR 6.3, 95% CI 2.4–17.0, p < 0.01), but not hemorrhagic transformation. Thus, this observational trial demonstrated that exposure to balanced solutions is associated with an increased risk of disability at 90 days and possibly hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. This data would suggest that normal saline is a preferred solution in these patients, though larger future trials are needed.