bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ABD’NİN OSMANLI TOPRAKLARINDA MİSYONERLİK FAALİYETLERİ VE ERMENİLER
Authors: ÇÖREKLİ Levent
Published: June 2023

ABD ve Osmanlı ilişkileri Osmanlı devletinin son döneminde başlamıştır. ABD Osmanlı devletinin zayıf durumundan istifade ederek Osmanlı coğrafyasında misyonerlik faaliyetleri yürütmüştür. Kendilerine hedef olarak Ermenileri koyan ABD sistemli bir şekilde Ermenileri Osmanlıya karşı isyan etmeleri için cesaretlendirmiştir. 1789 Fransız ihtilalinden sonra ulusçuluk akımı bütün dünyada yayılma imkânı bulmuştur. Bu akım en çok dönemin çok uluslu devletlerini etkilemiştir. Çok uluslu devletlerden olan Osmanlı Devletinde de azınlıklar kendi ulus devletlerini kurmak için isyan hareketleri başlattılar. Kendi devletini kurmak isteyen milletlerden biri olan Ermeniler, 1878 yılında Osmanlı ve Avrupalılar arasında imzalanan Berlin antlaşmasıyla bu amaçlarına erişmek adına önemli bir kazanım elde etmişlerdir. Tarihte “Ermeni Sorunu” olarak adlandırılan problem bu antlaşmayla birlikte ilk kez ortaya atılmıştır. XIX. Yüzyılın sonlarına doğru Osmanlı Devleti askeri, siyasi ve ekonomik anlamda tamamen bir çöküş içerisine girmiştir. Tam bu esnada I. Dünya Savaşı başlamış ve Ermeniler de Osmanlı coğrafyasında isyan hareketleri başlatmışlardır. Bunun neticesinde dönemin Osmanlı hükümeti Sevk ve İskân kanununu çıkarıp Ermenileri bulundukları yerden yine Osmanlı egemenliğinde bulunan güvenli bir yere göç ettirmiştir. Ermeni sorununun ortaya çıkmasında hiç şüphesiz Rusya ve İngiltere’nin başrolde oldukları bilinse de ABD’nin bu sorunun ortaya çıkışındaki rolü daha sistemli ve güçlüdür. Bu çalışmada Ermeni sorununun ortaya çıkışında ABD’nin faaliyetleri üzerinde durulacaktır.
Etnisitet – menneskets ”dypstruktur”
Authors: Magga Ole-Henrik
Published: June 2023

Artikkelen er et gjenopptrykk av en kronikk av Ole-Henrik Magga, som sto på trykk i Aftenposten, 17. okt. 1999. Det er foretatt mindre tilpasninger til Barn. Artikkelen trykkes med tillatelse fra forfatteren og Aftenposten.
Enslige asylbarn og historiens tvetydighet
Authors: Eide Ketil
Published: June 2023

Denne artikkelen aktualiserer hvilke samfunnsmessige og omsorgspolitiske dilemmaer som oppstår i det norske samfunnet når det ankommer barn som er uten sine foreldres nære omsorg og beskyttelse – barn som har en annerledes kulturell og etnisk bakgrunn, og som er flyktninger fra samfunn preget av væpnede konflikter eller annen organisert vold. Artikkelen fokuserer på hvordan samfunnet har oppfattet disse barnas situasjon på ulike tidspunkt og under ulike historiske omstendigheter, og hvilken praksis som har blitt utøvet når det gjelder mottak og omsorg. Den aktuelle historiske perioden er fra 1938 og fram mot år 2000. Utvalget består av fire grupper av flyktningbarn som kom til Norge uten sine foreldre. Disse fire utvalgene er jødiske barn som ankom 1938–39, ungarske barn som kom i 1956, tibetanske barn som kom i 1964, og enslige mindreårige flyktninger med ulik etnisk bakgrunn som kom iperioden 1989–92.
Effect of Centella asiatica Extract on Anti-obesity Suppression via Inhibition of Adipogenesis-related Gene Expression in Preadipocyte
Authors: HONG Ji Woo , PARK Ha Young , KIM Han A , KIM Jin Woo
Published: June 2023

The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-obesity activities of Centella asiatica hot-water extract (CHE). Total polyphenol content and radical scavenging activity were evaluated for the anti-oxidant activity of CHE, and 14.4 mg GAE/g DM and 82.6% were measured, respectively. Lipase activity inhibition, an anti-obesity marker, was measured as 68.1%, confirming that triglyceride hydrolysis was significantly inhibited by CHE. To study the anti-obesity mechanism, mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein-α (CEBP-α), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 (SCD1) in 3T3-L1 were evaluated. The level of mRNA expression was significantly suppressed by 1.52, 1.81, 1.13, and 1.18 times, respectively, compared to the control group, confirming that CHE had an anti-obesity effect by inhibiting adipocytes development and lipid accumulation. These results indicate that CHE can be used as a raw material for functional foods and pharmaceuticals with anti-oxidant and anti-obesity potential by reducing lipase activity and preadipocyte differentiation.
The Launch of the Data Science Journal in 2002
Authors: Smith Francis J.
Published: June 2023

The Committee on Data for Science and Technology of the International Council of Scientific Unions (CODATA) decided in February, 2001 to publish a new on-line peer reviewed journal, freely available to all. It would be called the Data Science Journal. The subsequent steps taken to launch this journal are described, leading to the publication of the first issue of 10 papers in April 2002 and of the first volume of 19 papers by December 2002. Some necessary corrections and improvements before the publication of a second volume of 19 papers in 2003 are also described.
Activity Prediction of Various Herbicides against Honey Bee, Avian, and Multiple Human Leukemia, CNS, Ovarian, Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Hammud Kafa Khalaf
Published: June 2023

Herbicides classify as chemicals targeting specific biochemical pathways in plants and may influence human or animal health according to their chemistry, concentration, environment, biological target and others. With safety concern, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified herbicides and their metabolites as fetal developments may be a consequence of enzymatic inhibition or other mechanisms. Thirty phytotoxins were subjected to online pkCSM website, as a Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) prediction activity against honey bee, avian, and multiple human Leukemia, CNS, Ovarian, Prostate Cancer cell lines. Prediction outcomes were varied and influenced by chemical structure of each tested herbicide. Sulfentrazone having evidence of human non- carcinogenic character (Group E) had hepatotoxicity prediction and cancer cell lines activity less than 5 of Leukemia, CNS, Ovarian, and Prostate. Also, it had CYP1A2 inhibition, negative response of p- glycoprotein, Ames, skin sensitization, renal OCT2, and hERG. All above characters beside low intestinal absorption and Blood- Brain Barrier (BBB) presented encouraging online funding as more structurally safe having active – multiple toxicological and cellular interactions. Simetryn and Simazine that have the same core structure except (-SCH3) group replaced with chloro group gave semi identical results of many calculated characters and inactive materials to cancer cell lines and herbicide activity, honey bee and avian toxicities but not BBB, total clearance, and oral rat chronic (LOAEL) confirming structure influences upon prediction.
Synergistic Effect of 2,4-D Herbicide and Copper Sulphates in Control the Snail Bulinus Truncatus by Using Bioassay
Authors: Al-Obaidi Mohammed Jaber , Abbas Ali Hafedh
Published: June 2023

The current study was designed to examine the synergistic effects of 2,4-D and copper sulfates in controlling Bulinus truncatus snail (the vector of urinary Schistosomiasis). Freshwater snails B. truncatus (Audouin, 1827) were exposed to copper sulphates (CuSO4) and the herbicide (2,4-D). The mortality was assessed for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure time. The toxicity of CuSO4 showed to be more than the toxicity of 2,4-D to B. truncatus snail. Such, the toxicity of both substances (2,4-D and CuSO4) appeared to be more toxic than each substance toxicity alone. A lethal concentration means of CuSO4 (LC50) was 0.44 ppm, while the 2,4-D was 0.38 ppm. In addition, the mixture of 2,4-D and CuSO4 (1ml+2g) was 0.22 ppm while the mixture (2ml+1g) was 0.26ppm. The study was concluded the synergistic toxicity of a mixture of two substances used. Also, mixing the both substances was produced more toxic effect than the prober substances alone. Protection of the environment must be taken in considerations when use these materials to kill the snails. The results of this study showed that the mortality rates were increased with increasing of concentrations used in treatment. The study was improved that the mixture of 2,4-D and CuSO4 has synergistic toxicity when mixed together.
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL LOAD IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES CONSUMED IN AND AROUND ANAMBRA STATE POLYTECHNIC, MGBAKWU
Authors: R.O. Ezebo, , C.F. Ifeanyi, , O.U. Obieze,
Published: June 2023

Fruits and vegetables are of plant source and are consumed a lot by human and animals. Fruits and vegetables could be contaminated with heavy or toxic metals through contaminated soil and water with these heavy metals. Contaminated fruits and vegetables consumed by man and animals will gradually build up of this toxins and if not detoxified faster in the body will build up to a concentration higher than the permissible level (Zurbrugg et al., 2003). Human activities such as industrial production, mining, agriculture and transportation release a high amount of heavy metals to the biosphere. The primary sources of metal pollution are the burning of fossil fuels, smelting of metal like ores, municipal wastes, fertilizers, pesticides and sewage (Xiaoli, 2007; Radwan  and Salama, 2006; Wilson and Pyatt, 2007). The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the level of heavy metal load of fruits and vegetables consumed in and around Anambra State Polytechnic, Mgbakwu, Southeast Nigeria. Local officials may utilize this study's results to develop a standard that can improve the quality of commercially sold fruits and vegetables in and around the locality.
Novi mediji: Da li nam služe ili im služimo!?
Authors: Alendar Mustafa
Published: June 2023

New media arrived at the end of the 1980s with "electronic globalization". Today, they rule the communication sphere. They have changed our understanding of using the media, they have changed the status of the "old" mass media, and they have even influenced the sovereignty of states! What have the new media brought us? Although we use them, which is a big shift compared to the mass media that we did not "use", the new media do not become ours! The needs of new media are commercially imposed. We use new media with the illusion of using them for our own communication needs and purposes, and at the same time turning into consumers of goods and services. It is still difficult to achieve the fulfillment of our civil, fast and competent involvement in the public affairs of our environment.
miRNAs activate mitochondrial energy metabolism: a narrative view
Authors: Nascimento Ozanildo Vilaça do , Cavalcante Keicy Siqueira , Silva Wilham Kelven Batista da , Nascimento Whendel , Filho Spartaco Astolfi
Published: June 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules that participate in the repression of translation or degradation of messenger RNA. miRNAs play a significant role in cellular regulatory mechanisms and have been implicated in numerous pathological processes. However, research indicates the presence of miRNAs in mitochondria called mitomiRs originating from mitochondrial DNA, with direct action on genes encoding proteins and enzymes that participate in mitochondrial function. The mitochondrial localization of miRNAs has gained relevance since it was observed that mitomiR populations are modified throughout the cell cycle. Currently, miRNAs are known to act in several biological processes, including being considered key to better understand several processes that lead to ATP production as well as mitochondrial dysfunctions. Thus, the objective of this review is to narrate the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs actions in mitochondrial energy pathway.
PERAN KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM DAN PEMBIAYAAN SYARIAH (KSPPS) AL-HASAN MITRA UMMAT LENEK DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Zihab Zihab , Syarif Muhamad , Hirjan Muhamad , Dewi Hastri Mulyana
Published: June 2023

Indonesia sebagai Negara berkembang dimana sebagian besar penduduk hidup di daerah pedesaan sehingga apabila pembangunan nasional bertujuan meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat, maka kawasan pedesaan mendapat prioritas sebagai bidang garapan pembangunan. Kawasan pedesaan pada saat ini dapat di indentikan dengan kata “kemiskinan”. Pada kenyataannya, banyak masyarakat yang tinggal di pedesaan sangat akrab dengan kemiskinan. Pada umumnya mereka hidup dalam keterbatasan, kemiskinan dan ketidakberdayaan dalam menghadapi berbagai perkembangan dan perubahan yang terjadi. Tingginya tingkat kemiskinan menjadi indikator bahwa masyarakat belum berperan menjadi masyarakat yang mandiri dan berdaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran apa saja yang dilakukan koperasi Syariah Al-Hasan Mitra Ummat Lenek dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat di Desa Lenek dan mengetahui faktor apa saja yang menjadi penghambat dalam melakukan pemberdayaan kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan yang menggunakan data kualitatif studi kasus. Dalam pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan metode wawancara sebagai pedoman kepada Direktur dan karyawan koperasi Al-Hasan Mitra Ummat Lenek serta para anggota koperasi Al-Hasan, sedangkan dokumentasi dilakukan dengan melakukan pencatatan ataupun data yang diperoleh dari koperasi Al-Hasan seperti sejarah koperasi Al-Hasan Mitra Ummat Lenek, struktur organisasi, dan ilustrasi pembiayaan pada koperasi Al-Hasan Mitra Ummat Lenek.Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa Pendekatan pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat sudah banyak dilakukan oleh beberapa Lembaga baik Lembaga pemerintah maupun non pemerintah, namun pendekatan tersebut banyak yang tidak memberikan hasil yang optimal, diantara penyebabnya adalah ketidaksinambungan antara tujuan dengan proses yang dijalankan. Untuk itu diperlukan sebuah wadah yang mewujudkan tujuan pemberdayaan masyarakat yang selaras dengan proses yang terjadi. Salah satu Lembaga yang berupaya mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah Koperasi Syariah Al-Hasan Mitra Ummat Lenek dimana dalam operasinya, koperasi syariah tersebut menyalurkan dana kepada masyarakat berdasarkan Al-Hadist dengan menggunakan prinsip bagi hasil yang sesuai dengan prinsip syariah. Koperasi Syariah Al-Hasan Mitra Ummat Lenek merupakan salah satu Lembaga keuangan yang syariah yang saat ini terus mengalami perkembangan.
METODE SOCIAL MAPPING UNTUK MELIHAT PERAN GANDA ISTRI NELAYAN DALAM RANGKA PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA NELAYAN (STUDI KASUS DI DESA BRINGSANG KECAMATAN GILI GENTING, SUMENEP)
Authors: Holisha Jumiatl , Prananta Arie Wahyu , Rahwati Aminah Dewi , Budiyanti Syamsu
Published: June 2023

Permasalahan  dalam  penelitian  ini  ialah  peranan  istri  nelayan dalam meningkatkan  kesejahteraan  rumah tangganya,  bentuk atau wujud partisipasi seorang istri nelayan dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumah tangganya.   Tujuan  penelitian  ini  adalah  untuk  mengetahui  sejauhmana  peranan  istri nelayan   dan  dalam  wujud  apakah   partisipasi   yang  dilakukan   oleh  istri  nelayan dalam  meningkatkan  kesejahteraan  rumah  tangganya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peran istri mempunyai peran ganda jadi penambah dan penutup kebutuhan keluarga. Suami merasa terancam dan terganggu akibat istri bekerja untuk menambah pendapatan keluarga berpengaruh terhadap hubungan relasi antara suami dan istri.
Evaluating the efficacy of Jahezon's educational program on critical nursing care: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Alreshidi Nashi , Alrimali Afaf , Alshammari Wadida , Tabungar Debora , Garcia Michelle , Gonzales Kristine , Gaspar Fe
Published: June 2023

Objective: Competent and trained nurses are essential for critical care preparedness. This study assesses the impact of an educational training program (Jahezon) on the participants' critical care knowledge by comparing their pre- and post-knowledge outcomes.Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test-post-test design to examine the impact of 40 days of theoretical and practical training on 43 selected nurses from 16 hospitals located in the Hai’l Health cluster, situated in the city of Hai’l, Saudi Arabia. The training program started on November 2021, the curriculum covered a comprehensive range of critical care nursing concepts and was divided into four phases. The instrument used to assess knowledge was a 50-item multiple-choice questionnaire, which was administered as a pre-test, post-test, and a 6-month follow-up test format. The data were analyzed using SPSS v29.0.Results: The mean total scores were the highest in the follow up test (M = 9.87, SD = 2.34), followed by the post-test (M = 7.57, SD = 0.98) and the pre-test (M = 5.91, SD = 1.06), showing a statistically significant difference (F(2, 117) = 64.834, p < .001). From the pre-test to the post-test, 93% of the total scores improved. The only demographic factor that affected the test scores was gender, with female nurses scoring higher.Conclusions: The nurses' knowledge improved significantly after their participation in the critical care training program, but more research is needed to determine their actual performance in caring for critically ill patients during a pandemic.
Rasch Calibration and Differential Item Functioning (DIF) Analysis of the Indonesian National Assessment Program-Language (INAP-L)
Authors: Hayat Bahrul , Putra Muhammad Dwirifqi Kharisma , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Isa Khairunesa
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the INAP-L instrument by applying the Rasch model. The psychometric evaluation includes item calibration and differential item functioning (DIF) assessment. Participants in this study were 6153 high school students (2326 boys and 3827 girls) aged 14-19 years (mean age = 15.76, SD = 0.78) from 280 schools spread across 34 provinces in Indonesia. The results of the Rasch model analysis show that the assumptions of unidimensionality and local independence are met. The internal consistency analysis of the INAP-L instrument (PSR = 0.80; Ordinal α = 0.81) and item-person targeting showed quite good results. At the item level, it was discovered that four of the forty items did not fit the Rasch model. Meanwhile, the gender-based DIF analysis revealed that all items were free from gender DIF and that two out of forty items showed DIF based on school type. It can be concluded that the INAP-L instrument has good psychometric properties. Furthermore, multilevel analysis was performed to determine the effect of clustering in the data, and it was discovered that INAP-L has a multilevel data structure with ICC = 0.185 and a design effect > 2.00. This means that future research on the relationship among variables on the INAP-L score must consider a multilevel approach. Even though the developer has already published an interim report on INAP-L, the findings of this study can be used as a reference in improving the instrument before conducting INAP-L in the future.
Examining Language Assessment Literacy for Saudi Pre-service EFL Teachers
Authors: Elhussien Faiza Abdalla , Khalil Safaa Moustafa
Published: June 2023

Teacher assessment skills include knowledge of assessment methods and techniques, the ability to interpret assessment results, and the ability to use assessment to tailor teaching strategies to student needs. The present study examines non-native Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) pre-service teachers' awareness of students’ assessment. The study also investigates whether studying a course in assessment significantly impacts pre-service teachers' assessment literacy. To answer the research questions, an online test was administered to 52 pre-service teachers who are seniors at Majmaah University. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially with the aid of IBM SPSS version 22. The results revealed that non-native pre-service TEFL teachers have a low level of assessment literacy. Despite the overall weak performance in the test, the participants showed strength in some of the standards for teachers’ competence. They revealed a high capability of choosing and developing appropriate assessment methods. On the other hand, pre-service teachers possessed little awareness about their ability to implement students’ test results to adjust the curriculum or make better instructional decisions. Based on the study results, institutions may consider adding more assessment courses to the TEFL study plan or adopting some of the existing curricula and extending it to include all the assessment skills needed for creating qualified teachers. Designing a careful professional development training program for EFL faculty members is another important recommendation of the present study. Finally, future research in the field is needed for planning and implementing training programs to improve teachers’ assessment skills.
Juventude e Mobilidade urbana
Authors: Da Silva Martins Lira Marilia Thaysa , Tenório Cordeiro Adriana
Published: June 2023

Este estudo considera os modos como jovens universitários organizam seus deslocamentos em torno dos estudos, buscando descrever os fatores pessoais, familiares e externos que interferem na sua mobilidade e identificar os distintos graus de acesso que possuem a meios de transporte e circulação. Foi realizado um estudo exploratório do tipo descritivo. Na pesquisa de campo foram aplicados questionários eletrônicos semiestruturados com jovens de 18 a 25 anos matriculados em IESs de Caruaru (PE). O arcabouço analítico de Vasconcellos (2012) quanto a fatores pessoais, familiares e externos da mobilidade, norteou a análise. Além de análise estatística dos dados oriundos das questões fechadas, foi realizada análise de conteúdo dos relatos dos estudantes obtidos a partir de questões abertas. Dos resultados, observou-se que renda, custo, tempo de percurso, mobilidade pendular, qualidade, acessibilidade e segurança se destacam na tomada de decisão dos jovens. Fatores tecnológicos exercem papel relevante e o smartphone foi apontando como elemento chave na interface espaço físico-virtual, tanto para orientar deslocamentos, como para apoiar a formação acadêmica. Este estudo corrobora a ampliação de esforços investigativos ao reconhecer e abrigar uma avaliação da mobilidade urbana de jovens que inclua fatores tecnológicos.
MENGHADAPI FENOMENA KERUSAKAN DI MUKA BUMI
Authors: Alfani Rizkiyah Zidni , Erwanto Dian
Published: June 2023

The choice of the theme of facade or in Indonesian means damage in this study departs from the reality that there has been a lot of damage in the environment around us in particular, and in all parts of the world in general. Both in the form of physical and non-physical damage. And the majority of scholars' refer to Q.S ar-Rum (30) verse 41 in the discussion of damage, because the text regarding the spread of damage on earth is summarized in Q.S ar-Rum (30) paragraph 41. Then to assist the research process this writer uses a type of literary research with tahlili approach or analysis that refers to the interpretation in the book of tafsir al-Mishbah by M. Quraish Shihab. This study seeks to review the meaning of lafadz fasa as a whole and comprehensively, also accompanied by an explanation of the division of fasaad, namely in the form of hissi facade or physical and meaningful or non-physical in nature, supplemented by examples. Then examine the contents of Q.S ar-Rum (30) verse 41 by grouping them into four sections which are considered to have a unified discussion and then summarized in one scheme. This research can at least provide some findings, including: 1) the meaning of lafadz fasaad and its examples, 2) offering a solution, namely al-islah which can be an endeavor to improve the world, 3) there is an impact or retribution as a result of acts of damage and accompanied by with some examples, 5) wisdom behind God's vengeance to the perpetrators of damage.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI LPM DINAMIKA DALAM MEREKRUT ANGGOTA DI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Husnah Asmaul , Harahap Suheri , Anas Azhar Anang
Published: June 2023

This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach method to examine the phenomenon intensively, in detail and in depth with observation, interview and documentation techniques that aim to find out the organization's communication strategy in recruiting members with communication accommodation theory and various conceptual frameworks namely communication strategies, organizational communication strategies and recruitment strategies. The results of the study can be explained that the communication strategy of the LPM Dinamika organization in recruiting members is face to face communication (private face to face and public face to face) by conducting socialization, namely entering new student classes, opening stands around campus and distributing brochures and mediated (private mediated and public mediated) using media intermediaries, the LPM dynamics organization disseminates information through social media and the use of captions in posts, class whatapps groups, and opening question and answer sessions on social media and via chat. In addition, the obstacles that occur in recruiting members are elements related to the organization (changes in registration schedules, permits), habits of finding candidates (personal data, ability or understanding of candidates, ethics and attitudes) and environmental factors (distance 3 campus, time and cost).
Development of Independence as an Effort to Improve Welfare for Convicts in Correctional Technical Implementation Units in Indonesia
Authors: Biafri Vivi Sylviani
Published: June 2023

The Directorate General of Corrections has the task of guiding and fostering convicts. Prisons and detention centers carry out this task. Self-reliance development is grouped into agribusiness, manufacturing, and service activities. Prisoners who participate in independent development activities are expected to have the provision after being released to find a job or be self-employed. By working, the welfare level of prisoners increases. The method used is qualitative. The research question posed is how is the implementation of fostering independence to increase the welfare of convicts and the obstacles encountered in independent activities and when free convicts want to get a job? This study aims to find out the implementation of self-reliance coaching to increase the welfare of convicts and the obstacles faced by independent activities. The problems convict face when looking for work or entrepreneurship. The results showed that several obstacles were found, such as inadequate infrastructure, non-specific activity budgets, low employee ability for E-commerce, low motivation of prisoners to participate in activities, and when free from prisoners, it is also difficult to get a job. The complexity of the problems faced must be overcome immediately, and it requires the involvement of all parties. One solution to help prisoners who need funds to become self-employed is through productive Zakat.
Changes to the medical device regulatory framework: Looking back – and forward
Authors: Gervasoni Pietro
Published: June 2023

The new regulatory framework for medical devices was long due. It aims to improve the safety and performance of medical devices and ensure a high level of protection for public health. Yet complying with the new legislation requires greater administrative effort and more resources, thus making compliance more expensive. In addition, there has been some uncertainty among researchers about how to correctly comply with the new legislation. This article looks back at the measures swissethics has taken to address some of these challenges and looks forward to additional measures to be implemented in the future.
Challenges facing Switzerland’s medical technology industry following the 2021 changes to medical device legislation
Authors: Delfosse Daniel
Published: June 2023

In order to improve the safety of medical devices, the European Union and Switzerland made significant changes to their respective medical device legislation, which went into effect on 26 May 2021. The same day, Switzerland lost its privileged access to the European market. These legislative and political changes have impacted not only medical device manufacturers but also patients. This article discusses the challenges to the supply of medical devices in Switzerland and outlines what is needed to overcome them.
The Generalized Forward Market Model: Summary of Results and Extensions
Authors: Lyashenko Andrei
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we review the generalized Forward Market Model (FMM) and its subsequent extension introduced by Lyashenko and Mercurio (2019, 2020). We then introduce new analytical results and discuss the issue of discontinuity of the implied instantaneous rates. We conclude by suggesting a new generalization that decouples the volatilities of the short rate from those of the FMM rates.
Effects of Ag-doped Content on Antimicrobial Activity and Substrate Color of Chromium Thin Films Deposited by DC Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Thanasriswad Pawarun , Sakdanuphab Rachsak , Sakulkalavek Aparporn , Worananthakij Worakrit
Published: June 2023

Silver ions (Ag+) show promise as excellent antimicrobial agents to inhibit microbial growth on high-touch surfaces. In this study, Ag-doped Cr films were deposited using a DC magnetron sputtering system from a mosaic target. The Cr-Ag mosaic target was a 0.125-inch-thick Cr base (99.95% pure) with different diameters of Ag circle sheets mounted on the Cr target. The sputtering condition was kept at a DC power of 100W, working pressure of 8.3x10-3 mbar with Ar as the sputtering gas, and sputtering times of 15 and 30 min. The antimicrobial activity and efficiency were determined by standard testing (JIS Z 2801: 2000). The antibacterial performance was calculated from the antibacterial inhibition of the Ag-doped Cr films in bacterial solution (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) after 24 h. The results showed that the Ag content was between 0.27 at% and 6.11 at% depending on the diameter of Ag and the deposition time. The minimum Ag content of 4.05 at% had an inhibition efficiency of 99.98% (E. coli) and 96.33% (S. aureus). The contact angle testing of Ag-doped Cr films showed hydrophobic behavior with the angle greater than 90 degrees. The optical color of the Ag-doped films was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy (CIE testing). The film colors were significantly changed by the addition of Ag into the Cr films. The total color difference (DE) increased by 3-10 units compared to the reference chromium film and the Ag doping mainly affected +L* (Lightness).
Keywords: sputtering PVD; antibacterial agent; silver; mosaic target; ROS; gram-negative; gram-positive; CIE-L*ab
*Corresponding author: Tel.: (+66)934598942
                                             E-mail: 62609006@kmitl.ac.th
Çevirmen-Bilgisayar Etkileşiminin Kilit Bileşeni: Doğal Dil İşleme
Authors: PEKCOŞKUN GÜNER Sevda
Published: June 2023

Yapay zekânın bir alt alanı olan doğal dil işleme, özellikle son yıllarda gündelik yaşamı etkileyen birçok ürünün ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. İnsan dilini öğrenerek makinenin insanla etkili bir şekilde iletişime geçmesini sağlamak üzere geliştirilen doğal dil işleme teknikleri, yalnızca dilbilimde değil, çeviribilim alanında da paradigma değişikliklerine neden olmuştur. Makine çevirisi sistemleri, otomatik özetleme araçları, terim yönetim sistemleri, metin düzenleme ve düzeltme uygulamaları gibi çeviriye yardımcı araçlar, doğal dil işleme teknikleriyle tasarlanmıştır. Söz konusu araçlar, yapay zekâ alanındaki gelişmelerle paralel olarak sürekli güncellenmekte ve kullanıcı beklentilerine göre iyileştirilmektedir. Doğal dil işlemenin en temel çalışma alanlarından biri makine çevirisidir. Doğal dil işleme tabanlı dil modelleri, çeviri kalitesinin artırılması için sürekli olarak eğitilmekte; bağlama dayalı bilginin sistem işleyişine eklemlenmesiyle daha başarılı sonuçlar elde edebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, doğal dil işleme araçları ve tekniklerinin günümüz çeviri sürecindeki konumunu tartışmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, öncelikle doğal dil işleme kavramından söz edilecek ve doğal dil işleme uygulamalarının çeviri etkinliğini nasıl etkilediği üzerinde durulacaktır. Ardından başta makine çevirisi teknolojileri olmak üzere çevirmenler tarafından kullanılan doğal dil işleme tabanlı uygulamalar, çeviri odaklı bir bakış açısıyla incelenmeye çalışılacaktır.
OKUL YÖNETİCİLERİNİN TEKNOLOJİ LİDERLİĞİ ROLLERİNE İLİŞKİN ÖĞRETMEN ALGILARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KOÇ Kadir , ŞENGÖNÜL Mehmet , GELEN Tevfik , ELÇİÇEK Zakir
Published: June 2023

Araştırma, öğretmen algılarına göre okul yöneticilerinin teknoloji liderliği rollerini yerine getirme düzeylerini ve bu düzeylerin bazı demografik değişkenlere göre farklılaşıp, farklılaşmadığını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma betimsel tarama modelinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın hedef evrenini; 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında, İstanbul ili Pendik ilçesinde bulunan devlet okullarında görev yapan öğretmenler ve örneklemi ise bu evrenden seçilen 362 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Sincar (2013) tarafından geliştirilmiş “Okul Yöneticilerinin Teknoloji Liderliği Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri elektronik form aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz ve karşılaştırma analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin cinsiyet, kıdem, öğrenim durumu ve çalıştıkları okul türlerine göre ölçekte yer alan 4 alt boyutta algıları incelenmiştir. Araştırma neticesinde öğretmenlerin okul yöneticilerinin teknoloji liderliği rollerini yerine getirme düzeylerine ilişkin algıları yüksek çıkmıştır. Öğretmenlerin okul yöneticilerinin teknoloji liderliği rollerini yerine getirme düzeylerine ilişkin algıları, öğretmenlerin cinsiyetine göre sadece insan merkezlilik alt boyutunda, mesleki kıdem durumuna göre ise sadece destek alt boyutunda anlamlı olarak farklılaştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Okul yöneticilerinin teknoloji liderliği rollerini yerine getirme düzeylerine ilişkin öğretmen algıları öğrenim durumu ve eğitim kademelerine göre değişim göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
A Literature Survey on National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) and Libraries
Authors: Soni Manish
Published: June 2023

NEP 2020 refers to the National Education Policy 2020, which is a policy document released by the Government of India in July 2020. The NEP 2020 aims to transform the education system in India by focusing on holistic and multidisciplinary education, promoting research and innovation, and incorporating technology into the learning process. In terms of libraries, the NEP 2020 recognizes the crucial role that libraries play in promoting a culture of reading and lifelong learning. The policy emphasizes the need to strengthen school and public libraries by providing them with adequate resources, including books, digital resources, and trained librarians. Furthermore, the NEP 2020 recognizes the need to incorporate technology into library services, such as providing access to e-books, e-journals, and other digital resources. The policy also highlights the importance of promoting local and indigenous knowledge through the development of community libraries. Overall, the NEP 2020 envisions libraries as vital institutions that can contribute to the promotion of a knowledge-based society in India.
Educational Administration and Supervision Orientation Development
Authors: Oktavani Mirta , Farizi Al , Salsabila Mustamira Sofa , Suryati Sri , Maseleno Andino
Published: June 2023

Supervision is a very important process stage for an organization in supervising and controlling the implementation of planned programs in order to achieve the stated goals. Supervision needs to be done on the basis of improvements that must be made to existing human, material, and financial resources. In order to implement a plan or program so that good results are achieved, one way is to carry out continuous and consistent supervision. Through supervision, a supervisor can make predictions and evaluations as early as possible on things that become obstacles in carrying out a work program, so that the supervisor can take strategic action which is a solution to these obstacles. In addition, supervisors can also analyse various facilities and advantages in schools which will be potential factors to be developed and can improve vocational schools at that time and in the future. So that in the end all elements in the school can carry out their work according to established procedures and can achieve the goals of implementing education in schools effectively.
Noun Phrase Complexity in ESL Academic Writing
Authors: Dartey Edwin
Published: June 2023

This study explores the relationship between second language proficiency and noun phrase complexity in the writing of students in an English for academic purposes (EAP) program. Based on a developmental progression index suggested by Biber et al. (2011), the project examined noun phrase complexity in the writing of intermediate and advanced students in an EAP program in Ghana. The study’s data consists of a corpus of 50 successful argumentative essays written by intermediate and advanced-level students. Findings from a comparative analysis corroborate the hypothesized developmental index. The intermediate group used more attributive and predicative adjectives, modifiers that have been predicted to occur early in the developmental index while the advanced group used more abstract phrases with relative and noun clauses, modifiers that have been predicted to occur late in the developmental index. Also, the use of noun modifiers by the advanced group was closer to the published frequencies of advanced writers as reported by previous studies (e.g., Lan & Sun, 2019). The paper concludes with some pedagogical implications for L2 academic writing instruction.
Polyphony and Ideology in a Novel Like A Summer that will Never Happen Again
Authors: Hasany Ali Jawad Al , Essa Karar Ibrahim
Published: June 2023

In this paper, I address Polyphonic and ideology in in A novel (Like a summer that will never happen again)through a careful reading of what was written by the Moroccan novelist Mohamed Brada, standing on two basic structures: the multiplicity of personalities and the ideology presented by those characters, then the ideology adopted by the narrative work extracted from a group of individual structures In the work under consideration, after I stood the term polyphony and a summary of the novel
Gasregulering in onzekere tijden
Authors: Crespo van de Kooij A. , Winters B.M.
Published: June 2023

Gasregulering in onzekere tijden

In het afgelopen jaar heeft de Uniewetgever een aantal maatregelen genomen om de leveringszekerheid en betaalbaarheid van gas te verbeteren. De vraag dringt zich op of de Uniewetgever in de afgelopen jaren wel voldoende gedaan heeft om de leveringszekerheid van aardgas te waarborgen. Om die vraag te beantwoorden bespreken de auteurs de maatregelen die al geruime tijd geleden genomen zijn om de leveringszekerheid te waarborgen. Daarna gaan zij in op de noodmaatregelen die de Uniewetgever in het afgelopen jaar heeft genomen om de leveringszekerheid en de betaalbaarheid van gas te borgen.
Problems of forecasts of natural hazards in Kazakhstan: extreme conditions of large water bodies
Authors:   Institute of geography and water security, Popov Nikolay , Aldabergen Ulzhan ,   Institute of geography and water security
Published: June 2023

An overview of previous studies of the changes and forecasting of Caspian Sea level is presented. Examples of abrupt sea level changes at the historical period and for the observation period since 1900 are considered. A retrospective analysis of sea level forecasts, projects and activities initiated by these forecasts is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the long-term forecasts of fluctuations in the level of the Caspian Sea, which are currently published.
Agricultural land management strategy of Zhambyl region of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Institute for water and environmental problems, Siberian branch of the Russian academy of sciences, Krasnoyarova B. A. , Aldazhanova G. B. ,   Abai Kazakh national pedagogical university, Beissenova A. S. ,   Abai Kazakh national pedagogical university
Published: June 2023

The most important task of sustainable development of Zhambyl region of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the restoration and preservation of the productivity of 9236.1 thousand hectares of agricultural land, which are exposed to degradation to various extent. 3139,9 thousand hectares of agricultural land are exposed to very strong degradation in the region, represented by sources of irrigated arable land with secondary salinization of soil, presence of water and wind erosion, and grazed-up pastures. The related social and economic strain in the region entails further decline in the living standard of the rural population and a decline in the level of agricultural production. The introduction of private land ownership and the emergence of new forms of husbandry in Kazakhstan resulted in a significant change in the spatial structure and functional development of agricultural land in the region under study. The use of land in Zhambyl region for agricultural development is based mainly on financial, economic and organizational mechanisms, while the problem of environmental effects of their transformation remains in abeyance, which resulted in the formation of an extensive, unprofitable agricultural production exposed to negative anthropogenic and environmental factors, resulting in the need to create agricultural land management strategy. The agricultural land management strategy of Zhambyl region of the Republic of Kazakhstan was developed on the basis of natural and agricultural, socio-economic, regulatory and nature protection indicators that reflect the priority activities to achieve sustainable use of agricultural land. At all stages of the development of the strategy, methodological developments and regulatory criteria adapted to the conditions of agricultural nature management were applied. The developed agricultural land management strategy is focused on the predominance of environmental priorities in land use, as a result of which agricultural land use will become cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and mutually beneficial.
Teoria de agência e política de dividendos: evidências nas empresas brasileiras de capital aberto no período de 2000 a 2013
Authors: Rodrigues Regiane Lopes , Ambrozini Marcelo Augusto
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo teve como objetivo averiguar se as empresas brasileiras de capital aberto utilizam a política de dividendos como mecanismo de redução dos conflitos de agência entre acionistas controladores e minoritários. Para atingir tal objetivo, foram realizadas estimações econométricas em painel com informações de 466 empresas brasileiras não financeiras listadas na BM&FBOVESPA referentes ao período de 2000 a 2013. Como a variável dependente (Índice de Payout) apresenta dados censurados, aspecto pouco considerado na literatura sobre o tema, optou-se por utilizar o método Tobit em painel. As evidências encontradas sinalizam que as empresas brasileiras de capital aberto não utilizam a política de dividendos como um mecanismo para reduzir potenciais conflitos de agência entre acionistas controladores e minoritários. Além disso, os resultados das estimações também sugerem que o Índice de Payout é relacionado positivamente ao tamanho e à rentabilidade da empresa e negativamente à alavancagem financeira e a novas oportunidades de crescimento, corroborando evidências de outros trabalhos.
Controle de qualidade e marketing de serviços: estudo das ações de uma empresa especializada no ramo de retífica de motores junto a seus clientes
Authors: Faggião Daniele Fernanda , Kesa Fábio Henrique , Gonzalez Inayara Valéria Defreitas Pedroso , Pelissari Anderson Soncini , Mattos Aliomar Lino
Published: June 2023

Objetivou-se analisar como a Retificadora Alfa em Londrina (PR) controla a qualidade dos seus serviços de forma a gerar um marketing positivo junto aos seus clientes. Para o alcance do objetivo foi feita investigação bibliográfica acerca do tema marketing de serviços e das ferramentas de controle de qualidade. Em seguida, a partir do instrumento de coleta entrevista aplicada com o gestor e um funcionário da empresa, coletou-se como são feitos os controles de qualidade na prestação dos serviços. Por meio da pesquisa de satisfação junto a 50 clientes, obteve-se o percentual de satisfação quanto à qualidade dos serviços, a garantia ofertada pela empresa e o prazo de entrega. Por fim, utilizou-se da abordagem qualitativa e da abordagem quantitativa para a descrição e interpretação dos dados. Os resultados revelam que a Retificadora utiliza três ferramentas de controle de qualidade das sete identificadas na teoria: o diagrama de causa e efeito, a folha de verificação e o fluxograma. A identificação do marketing positivo só foi possível a partir da investigação dos conteúdos presentes no banco de dados de clientes da empresa, em que, dos cinquenta clientes que participaram da pesquisa, 90% estão satisfeitos com a qualidade dos serviços prestados pela empresa; 100% satisfeitos com a garantia oferecida; 92% satisfeitos quanto ao prazo de entrega, e 90% satisfeitos com o atendimento oferecido.
Eficiência econômica das Cooperativas de Crédito Brasileiras
Authors: Espich Denise , Ende Marta Von
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: As cooperativas de crédito são organizações com fins sociais e comprovada importância para a sociedade, porém, enquanto organizações necessitam atentar para seus fins econômicos, portanto este estudo objetivou analisar a eficiência econômica das cooperativas de crédito brasileiras nos anos de 2016 e 2017; Método: Para determinar o nível de eficiência das cooperativas de crédito utilizou-se do método de SDEA, proposta por Simar e Wilson (2000), obtiveram-se as informações necessárias para o estudo referente a 602 e 590 organizações nos anos de 2016 e 2017 respectivamente; Resultados: Os resultados revelam que eficiência econômica é atingida por poucas cooperativas, porém muitas estão próximas a ela, ou seja, apresentam baixos níveis de ineficiências. A região Nordeste apresentou uma proporção maior no número de cooperativas eficientes em relação as cooperativas estudadas. Também, constatou-se uma redução no nível de eficiência econômica, de 2016 para 2017, em 63% das cooperativas de crédito; Originalidade/Relevância: Na literatura brasileira, os estudos anteriores pautam-se em metodologias menos robustas para avaliação da eficiência, assim como na literatura internacional, poucos estudos foram desenvolvidos com esta metodologia. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: perpassa por ampliar a literatura sobre eficiência sob a visão da Análise Envoltória de Dados Estocastica - SDEA; Contribuições sociais/para a gestão: consiste em auxiliar as cooperativas de crédito na compreensão de seus níveis de eficiências.