bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing for the Future: A Climateresponsive and Adaptive Design Framework for Habitat Restoration and Recreation in the Rumney Marsh Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC), Massachusetts, USA
Authors:   Pennsylvania State University, Department of Landscape Architecture, University Park, PA, Ansari Sadiqa , Cole Andrew ,   Pennsylvania State University, Department of Landscape Architecture, University Park, PA, DuRussel Lisa ,   Lisa DuRussel
Published: October 2023

According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Rumney Marsh Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) north of Boston, has been considered as one of the most significant estuaries of biological importance in Massachusetts. The area comprises of approximately 400 ha of saltmarsh, tidal flats, and shallow sub-tidal channels. Our goal was to develop a landscape design strategy for the marsh that integrates research and design focused on improving habitat, creating recreational opportunities, and mitigating the long-term impacts of climate change. An evaluation of existing case studies on wetland development was developed as a matrix to guide the framework needed and learn how other projects address these issues. A thorough analysis of the site’s quantitative and qualitative data was done to facilitate the process through which the design strategy could take place, focusing on the marsh by extending programs from the surrounding social context, while at the same time enhancing its ecological value, and preparing for climate change. By developing such strategies that are in tune with the environment and sensitive to the natural systems, our proposal tries to establish design interventions to allow access and recreational opportunities while still enhancing the marsh landscape ecology. Through this project a method is developed to create an open space strategy that can support the diverse social interactions and ecological demands of such a wetland system.
SCAMPER Tekniğinin Yaratıcı Yazma ve Yaratıcı Düşünme Becerilerinin Gelişimine Etkisi
Authors: BAKİ Yasemin
Published: October 2023

Bu araştırmada SCAMPER tekniğinin yaratıcı yazma ve yaratıcı düşünme becerilerinin gelişimine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Karma yöntemle gerçekleştirilen araştırma iç içe geçmiş karma desenle gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın nicel kısmında ön-test son-test kontrol grupsuz deneysel desen, nitel kısmında ise durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Bu desenle gerçekleştirilen araştırmada deneysel işlemdeki denekler, amaçlı örnekleme yoluyla nitel araştırma kısmındaki katılımcılar ise amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yoluyla belirlenmiştir. Türkiye’nin kuzeyindeki bir üniversitenin Türkçe Öğretmenliği Lisans Programında öğrenim gören 39 öğretmen adayından oluşmaktadır. Araştırmadaki verilerin toplanmasında Yaratıcı Yazma Rubriği, Yaratıcı Düşünme Becerileri Değerlendirme Rubriği ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada deneysel işlemin etkisini incelemek amacıyla elde edilen verilerin analizinde bağımlı gruplar için T-testi kullanılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler ise betimsel analiz kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre SCAMPER tekniği Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının yaratıcı yazma becerilerini ve ölçeğin alt boyutları olan fikirlerin orijinalliği, düşüncelerin akıcılığı, düşüncelerin esnekliği, kelime zenginliği, cümle yapısı, organizasyon yazı tarzı, dilbilgisi boyutlarında son test puanları lehine manidar düzeyde farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir. SCAMPER tekniğinin yaratıcı düşünme becerilerini ve ölçeğin alt boyutları olan kelime akıcılığı, çağrışım akıcılığı, anlatım yaratıcılığı, fikir akıcılığı, uyum esnekliği, yeniden tanımlama, kendiliğinden esneklik, orijinallik boyutunda son test puanları lehine manidar düzeyde farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir. SCAMPER tekniğine ilişkin görüşler incelendiğinde ise en çok birleştirme basamağında zorlandıkları, bu tekniğin hayal güçlerinin gelişimi, orijinal fikir oluşturma, yaratıcı dil becerilerinin gelişimine yüksek düzeyde etki ettiği yönünde görüş belirtmişlerdir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda yaratıcı düşünme becerilerini geliştiren SCAMPER tekniğinden yaratıcı yazma derslerinde yararlanılması gerektiği önerilmektedir.
Memorias del II Congreso Internacional y Multicampus de Investigación Sociojurídica: nuevas dinámicas del derecho en el contexto iberoamericano
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Calderón Marenco Eduardo Andrés , Nuvaez Castillo José Javier
Published: October 2023

El II Congreso Internacional y Multicampus de Investigación Sociojurídica, organizado por las facultades de Derecho de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia en múltiples sedes, se centra en analizar las nuevas tendencias del Derecho en el contexto iberoamericano. En la sociedad actual, se han presentado desafíos legales emergentes debido a una realidad compleja y diversificada, influenciada por problemas globales como la pobreza, la corrupción, la violencia, el cambio climático, la migración y demás. El Congreso aboga por una perspectiva de investigación que aborde estos desafíos sociales desde un enfoque interdisciplinario, considerando aspectos económicos, políticos, culturales y sociales. El Derecho se reconoce como un elemento fundamental para abordar estos problemas y promover el desarrollo humano. Se destaca la importancia de reconocer los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de las Naciones Unidas como una guía para abordar estos desafíos sociales y garantizar los derechos de todos. La academia y la investigación deben ser parte integral de estas transformaciones sociales. El Congreso se organizó en torno a seis ejes temáticos, que incluyen Constitución, Estado y Derecho Público, Derecho Penal y Criminología, Derecho Privado y Procesal, Derechos Humanos, Construcción de Paz y Transformación de Conflictos, Tendencias del Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social, y Derecho y Nuevas Tecnologías. Se abrió una convocatoria para la presentación de ponencias y se seleccionaron 29 propuestas para ser expuestas en el evento. En conclusión, el Congreso busca promover el análisis crítico y perspicaz de las nuevas tendencias legales en el contexto iberoamericano, desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, para contribuir al beneficio de la sociedad.
Cumhuriyet Dönemi Kültür ve Sanat Politikaları Bağlamında İnkılâp Sergileri ve Yurt Gezileri (1923-1943)
Authors: BİLEYDİ KOÇ Malike
Published: October 2023

Kurtuluş Savaşı’nın temel dayanaklarından birisi olan ulusal egemenlik ilkesi, savaşın başarıyla sonuçlanmasından sonra yeni kurulan devletin temel prensibi olarak belirlenmiş, bütün yasal ve yönetimsel düzenlemelerde bu ilkeye göre hareket edilmesi kararı alınmıştır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ana unsurlarından ulusal egemenlik ve halkçılık ilkeleri, aynı zamanda ülkenin sanat politikasının yönünü de belirlemiştir. Ulusal egemenliğe dayanan kültür politikaları bağlamında hedeflenen program, sanat eğitimi faaliyetlerinin ülkenin her yerine ulaşması olmuştur. Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk bu hedef doğrultusunda sanatçıyı en iyi destekleyecek kurumun devlet olacağını görmüş ve bu görüşünü Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Politikası olarak desteklenmiştir. “Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin temeli kültürdür” diyen Atatürk, güzel sanatlar alanındaki çalışmaları yönlendirmiş, sanatçılar ile halk arasında bağ kurmayı amaçlayan, sanatçıların eserleri aracılığıyla devrimleri gelecek nesillere aktarmalarına zemin hazırlayan kültür ve sanat faaliyetlerine özel bir önem vermiştir. Bu amaçla desteklenen faaliyetler arasında Cumhuriyetin 10. Yıldönümü adına 1933 tarihinde düzenlenen ve sonraki yıllarda da devam eden “İnkılâp Sergileri” olmuştur. Ulusal egemenlik ilkesinin, devrim ruhunun toplum nezdinde temellendirilmesi adına İnkılâp Sergilerinin açılış tarihinin Cumhuriyet Bayramı olarak seçilmesi büyük anlam taşımaktadır. Sanatçılar ve halk arasındaki bağı güçlendirecek bir adım daha atılmış, halkın sanata ulaşmasının ötesinde sanatçının halka ulaşması için “Yurt Gezileri” düzenlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İnkılâp Sergilerinin ve sanatçı ile halk arasında bağ kurmayı amaçlayan Yurt Gezilerinin dönemin kültür politikalarına ne yönde katkıda bulunduğunu belirlemeyi içermektedir. Çalışma, devrim ruhunu gelecek nesillere aktarmak amacıyla devletin kültür ve sanat politikalarına verdiği desteği anlamlandırmakla birlikte devlet destekli sergi ve gezilerin cumhuriyetin ilk on yılının sanatsal izdüşümüne karşılık gelen ilk örnekler olması adına önemlidir.
The Challenges and Opportunities of Implementing Montessori Education in the Public Sector
Authors: Fleming David J. , Culclasure Brooke Taylor , Warren Hannah , Riga Ginny
Published: October 2023

Over the past two decades, Montessori education in the United States has rapidly expanded from the private to the public sector. This expansion has created important questions about whether or not the Montessori approach can thrive alongside the education standards and accountability movement in the public sector. Questions also exist as to precisely who is benefitting from this expansion of and investment in public Montessori. To examine these topics, this study focused on South Carolina, the state with the highest number of public programs in the United States. We used implementation surveys, classroom observations, and teacher interview data collected by the research team and student record data collected by the state of South Carolina to conduct the analysis, which consisted of three parts. First, we investigated to what extent public programs in South Carolina are able to implement Montessori education with fidelity to the model. Second, we considered what program characteristics were related to higher levels of Montessori implementation fidelity. Third, we analyzed which children had access to higher-fidelity Montessori programs. Generally, findings indicated that, despite challenges created by the education standards and accountability movement and concerns expressed by educators about authenticity, most programs in South Carolina were implementing Montessori with fidelity. Several characteristics were associated with higher levels of fidelity, including the age of the program. Findings also indicated that Black, Hispanic, and students from low-income families were disproportionately participating in lower fidelity programs. Our study provides an in-depth analysis of the challenges and opportunities associated with government trying to implement successful private-sector education models in the public sector.
STATE REGULATION OF RELATIONS IN THE NORTHERN RE-GION OF “WHITE” RUSSIA DURING THE CIVIL WAR
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Medvedev V. G.
Published: October 2023

The article examines the problem of state regulation of land management and land use issues by the white government of the European North during the Civil War. The author analyzes the state of land relations in this region and states that due to geographical, climatic, social and military-political conditions, similar relations in the provinces of central and southern Russia differed significantly. The article reveals the position that the main contradictions in the use of land were not in the legal regulation of landowner–peasant relations, but in the legal unsettlement of the boundaries of forest clearing and land plots of peasant community members, farmers, tenants, territories of neighboring peasant societies, monasteries and churches. In conditions when the idea of inviolability of communal land use prevailed in the legal consciousness of peasants, the normative legal acts of the Provisional Government of the Northern Territory, which largely reflected the main provisions of the land program of the Party of Socialist Revolutionaries on the legislative abolition of private ownership of land and free use of it, were generally positively received by peasants. At the same time, their temporary nature and the requirement of the Omsk Council of Ministers to unify land laws in matters of restoring ownership of land on a national scale aroused wariness and distrust in their own power among residents of northern villages. Because of this, peasants were leaning towards the Soviet government and its Decree on land.
FACTOR OF THE COMMUNIST REVOLUTION IN GERMANY IN SOVIET-POLISH RELATIONS IN 1923
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations, Sklyarov S. A.
Published: October 2023

The article raises the little-studied topic of the influence of the proletarian revolution in Germany, prepared in 1923 with the active support of the Comintern and the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), on relations between Poland and the USSR. The author relies on unpublished archival materials, first published and introduced into scientific circulation, revealing these events in a new light, declassified in the post-Soviet period. The work shows how, despite the presence of radical proposals that threatened a new large-scale war in Europe, the leadership of the RCP(b) chose a more pragmatic approach. Given the military power of the Polish state, Moscow decided to dispense with threats and intimidation that distinguished the Soviet approach to Poland from its policies towards Lithuania and Latvia in order to achieve the lifting of Warsaw's severe restrictions on transit between Germany and the USSR. In response, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) agreed to make a number of concessions, primarily on economic and financial issues, including the payment of 30 million rubles in gold to Poland, to which Warsaw was entitled under the Riga Peace Treaty and was actually sabotaged by Moscow. In addition, the USSR was ready to allow the transit of Polish goods to Persia. This plan did not work, since Poland was aware that the lifting of restrictions on transit between the USSR and Germany increased the chances of revolution in Germany, which threatened Poland with communist countries encircling it. In addition, by the time the Soviet mission arrived in Warsaw with the above-mentioned proposals, there was no longer much sense in insisting on such an exchange with strong opposition from Polish diplomats, since plans to organize a proletarian revolution in Germany had failed.
POLITICAL VIOLENCE IT THE CITY ELECTIONS IN PETRO-GRAD IN THE SPRING – SUMMER OF 1917
Authors:   European University at St. Petersburg, Kondratyev M. А.
Published: October 2023

The aim of the article is to consider the change in the political culture of the revolution and the development of civil conflict through the prism of the manifestation of political violence in the elections to self-government of Petrograd in the spring and summer of 1917. Elections to the district dumas of the capital were organized by the Petrograd City Duma and the Provisional Government. The election campaign began in May 1917, and the elections themselves took place on May 27–29 and June 3–5, 1917. The elections to the district dumas were the first elections in the new Russia, summing up three months of democratic construction that began after the February Revolution. The election campaign for the Petrograd City Duma began in mid-August, and the elections took place on August 20. They marked the end of the municipal election campaigns that took place in Russia in the summer of 1917. As part of the case-study, the article reconstructs the manifestation of political violence against various actors participating in elections, and the impact of these practices on the transformation of civil conflict and the legitimization of political violence. In the elections to the district dumas of Petrograd, political violence became a traditional means of political struggle, legitimizing its use during elections in other cities of Russia. However, no political violence was used in the elections to the Petrograd City Duma. The author concludes that behind the apparent decrease in the level of political violence on the streets of Petrograd on the eve of the “Kornilov case” lies a process of even greater polarization of society and escalation of civil conflict, when one part of the society is noticeably radicalized with the tacit consent of the other, which led to the emergence of new, more tough and legitimate ultimatum forms of communication between various groups of the population and the authorities.
Shadow Market of Non-Smoking Nicotine Products in Russia (Assessment of the Consequences of State Regulation)
Authors: Maksimov Sergei , Asnis Alexander , Utarov Kanat
Published: October 2023

The subject of the study is the background and consequences of the adoption of the Federal Law «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on Protecting the Health of Citizens from the Consequences of the Consumption of Nicotine-containing Products» № 303-FZ (July 31, 2020). This law introduced a complete ban on the wholesale and retail trade in Russia of tobacco-free nicotine products intended for chewing, sucking and sniffing. At the same time, the legislator did not impose bans on the production and import of relevant products into the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union. It is established that the corresponding ban was introduced without assessing the criminological, legal and economic consequences, as well as without empirical studies in Russia and other member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. The reason for the introduction of the ban was the facts of poisoning of teenagers with nicotine packs (nicpack) - products that look like sweets containing nicotine and sweeteners. The immediate consequence of the introduction of a ban on the sale of non-tobacco nicotine products was the termination of state control over the circulation of such products by Rospotrebnadzor because this authority does not exercise control functions in relation to products withdrawn from circulation. Contrary to expectations, the number of facts of illegal circulation of tobacco-free nicotine products revealed by the customs authorities and internal affairs authorities did not increase, and most of the EAEU member states did not introduce similar bans. At the same time, the opportunities for acquiring niсpacks (including by teenagers) using Internet resources and courier delivery were not restricted. The main negative consequence of the introduction of a complete ban on the sale of non-tobacco nicotine products, according to the authors of the article, was the creation of additional conditions for the growth of the corresponding shadow market and the criminalization of the illegal circulation of such products. To solve the problem, the authors propose a set of organizational and legal measures aimed at improving the efficiency of monitoring and preventing the illegal circulation of tobacco-free nicotine products, including the development of a number of national standards, amendments to the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Victimological Characteristics of Fraud in the Banking Sphere (Based on the Materials from Siberian Federal District)
Authors: Repetskaya Anna , Petryakova Lyudmila
Published: October 2023

The article presents an analysis of victimological characteristics of bank fraud committed in Siberian Federal District in 2015-2021. The research results reveal a high level of victimization from bank fraud in Siberian Federal District, and show that the structure of victimization is dominated by fraud with the use of electronic means of payment. The authors draw attention to a specific feature of the victims of this type of fraud, who could be both physical and juridical persons. It was determined that in the time period under consideration, juridical persons were mainly victims of fraud in the sphere of credit financing (Art. 159.1 of the CC of the RF), while physical persons more often became victims of fraud with the use of electronic means of payment (Art. 159.3 of the CC of the RF), besides, the share of physical persons grew 17 times and, by the end of the period, constituted 84 % of the total number of victims. The analysis of the personality of a bank frauds victim showed that the relevant factors for victimization from fraud are age and marital status, while the level of education is not relevant. Several types of victimity were singled out among victimogenic factors, which were often manifested in the careless actions of victims. For juridical persons, personal victimity types are aggravated by role victimity, while for physical persons their victim behavior, which facilitated fraud, is quite often unconnected with their victimity. The authors also analyzed other victimogenic factors determining victimization from bank fraud. It was established that objective factors are mainly typical for the victimization of juridical persons, and their role is minimal for the victimization of physical persons. They point out the existing problems of victimological prevention and the general directions of its development.
Primary School Students Cognitive Structures About Nutrient Content: Word Association Test
Authors: İÇİNGİR İlke , ÇETİN Gülcan
Published: October 2023

The study aimed to examine the primary school students’ cognitive structures about nutrient content. The case study design, which was one of the qualitative research methods was used in the study. Participants of the study included 41 fourth grade students in a public school in Bursa in the 2021-2022 academic year. Data were collected by word association test and analyzed by content analysis method. The study revealed that 11 themes related to proteins were formed and the most associated sub-theme was milk, meat, fish, and egg food group. Carbohydrates were classified under 14 themes and the most associated sub-theme was bread and cereals. 13 themes related to fats were created and the most associated sub-theme was oil seeds. Regarding vitamins, 12 themes were created, and the most associated sub-theme was fruits. 13 and 14 themes were created, respectively, related to water and minerals. While the sub-theme most associated with water was beverages, the sub-theme associated with minerals was mineral resources. The concept that students left mostly blank and established wrong relationships was minerals.
Clinical experience in rehabilitation of patients with Fuchs corneal dystrophy and cataract by ultrasonic phacoemulsification and descemetorhexis
Authors: Katmakov Konstantin I. , Pashtaev Aleksei N. , Pashtaev Nikolai P. , Elakov Yurii N. , Mitrofanova Yulia V. , Pozdeyeva Nadezhda A. , Gelyastanov Aslan M.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: The potential for peripheral corneal endothelial capabilities is a novel, poorly understood direction. The comprehensive development of various modifications of endothelial keratoplasty goes hand in hand with a lack of donor material. This explains the continuous search for safe tissue-preserving techniques.
AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and functional results of treatment of patients with Fuchs corneal dystrophy and cataract using a combination of cataract ultrasound phacoemulsification and descemetorhexis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 3 patients (3 eyes), 3 women aged 65 to 78 (on average 73.6 7.5 years). The follow-up period in the postoperative period was 36 months. The inclusion criteria were: patient complaints about glare, blurred vision and cloudy vision in the morning; the location of the guttae in the central 5 mm zone, central corneal stromal edema less than 610 microns, the inability to count endothelial cells in the center, endothelial cells density on the periphery in the upper quadrant more than 1400 cells/mm2. All patients underwent phacoemulsification of cataract with IOL implantation and subsequent descemetorhexis in the 4 mm zone.
RESULTS: At 1 month an increase in the central corneal thickness and a slight increase in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). By the 3rd month, positive dynamics was present: an increase in UCVA and BCVA in all cases, a decrease in the central corneal thickness (559 20 m), resorption of stromal edema, increase in corneal transparency, possibility to calculate the endothelial cells density in the center (866 46 cells/mm2). At 36 months, the BCVA was 0.6, 0.4 and 0.5, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Restoration of corneal transparency was achieved in 100% of cases (3 out of 3). An analysis of the clinical results of the descemetorhexis + phacoemulsification + IOL operation demonstrated an increase in visual acuity, an increase in corneal transparency and a decrease in stromal edema in patients with initial Fuchs corneal dystrophy and cataract. The possibility of not using donor material for the treatment of Fuchs corneal dystrophy is a promising trend. Further accumulation of material is required.
Results of a survey of ophthalmologists on the special aspects in performing and interpreting optical coherence tomography examination of the macula
Authors: Zaytseva Olga  V. , Bobykin Evgeny V. , Krokhalev Vadim Ya.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the main method for in vivo examination of the morphology of ocular posterior segment structures, used in modern ophthalmological practice.
AIM: Study of special aspects in performing and interpreting the results of OCT of the macula by ophthalmologists working in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the anonymous survey, conducted using an original online questionnaire of 12 questions 59 respondents took part. They confirmed being ophthalmologists with experience in performing OCT and gave their consent to took part in the survey.
RESULTS: The majority of respondents (79.6%) reported that they face the need to perform OCT without obtaining the patients clinical data. 66.1% of respondents always evaluate the correct placement of segmentation boundaries. Only 56% of the respondents always or often perform frontal (en face) scans during OCT examination of the macula. At the same time, 16.9% of specialists indicated that they did not know what segmentation boundaries are, and 8.5% noted that they did not understand the term en face scan. The principle of layer-by-layer analysis is used by 94.9% of respondents when describing images. Significant discrepancies were also revealed in the interpretation by the respondents of some parameters on specific examples of OCT scans. 71.2% of respondents have experience in using templates when describing OCT images, and 13.6% use them constantly. The proportion of specialists who consider it expedient to develop and introduce into clinical practice a standard protocol (template) for describing macular OCT images was 84.7%.
CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient awareness of some ophthalmologists about particular principles of interpreting the results of an OCT imaging and about certain practical aspects of its application was revealed. This indicates the need in improving the quality of informational support and training of specialists. A request was received from ophthalmologists about the need to develop a standard protocol (template) for describing OCT images of the macular area with the aim of subsequent implementation into the clinical practice of the healthcare system of the Russian Federation.
Modern concept of neovascular glaucoma (review)
Authors: Fayzrakhmanov Rinat R. , Kalinin Matvey E. , Pavlovsky Oleg A. , Chekhonin Egor S. , Sekhina Olga L.
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study is analysis of current methods for diagnosis and treatment of neovascular glaucoma to assess their effectiveness, and based on these data, further development of a method of surgical treatment based on morphological factors involved in its progression. The review was performed using the domestic RSCI database and the international PubMed database, with the search keywords being neovascular glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, ophthalmic hypertension. An analysis of 39 literature sources was performed. The search depth was 13 years (20092022). Variants of neovascular glaucoma development of and of its diagnosis were considered, it was noted that it is necessary to pay attention to the study of minimally invasive methods for diagnosing the anterior segment using optical coherence tomography, which will help in the future to choose the right tactics for medical or surgical treatment. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of surgical treatment methods, which often turn out to be ineffective and require re-operations. It is necessary to develop a new method of surgical treatment of neovascular glaucoma, which provides the most sparing approach to surgical treatment, which will improve the anatomical and functional results and help reduce the number of intra- and postoperative complications and provide a longer period without re-operations.
Changing the geometry of polymer spherical orbital implants
Authors: Davydov Dmitry V. , Baranova Nadezda A.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: Over the past decades, various polymer implants have been actively used in the rehabilitation of patients with anophthalmos to form a volumetric support stump and improve the results of cosmetic prosthetics.
AIM: To assess clinical symptoms and features of the X-ray picture in patients with anophthalmos after implantation of polymeric spherical endoprostheses with a modified geometry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study is based on the analysis of 30 patients with anophthalmos after enucleations (23) and eviscerations (7) performed using various methods of procedure and insertion into tissues of an implant made of domestic polytetrafluoroethylene. All patients underwent a multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the eye sockets according to the same algorithm.
RESULTS: On the basis of the performed studies, the fact of making a change in the geometry of the implanted spherical implants was revealed, while the parameters of the modified part of the spheres were different and ranged from 14 to 18 mm of final diameters with the initial diameters of the spheres ranging from 18 to 20 mm. A decrease in the volume of spheres with modified geometry from 0.114 to 0.651 cm3 was revealed with initial diameters ranging from 18 to 20 mm.
CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the geometry of the orbital spheres do not improve the results of cosmetic prosthetics in patients, increase the percentage of implant exposure at different times after surgery, and increase the manifestations of anophthalmic syndrome.
Anniversary of Valentina M. Hokkanen
Authors: Zumbulidze Nataliia G. , Boiko Ernest  V. , Litvin Irina B. , Malevannaya Olga A.
Published: October 2023

The article is dedicated to the life path of the ophthalmologist Professor Valentina M. Hokkanen, who celebrated her 75th anniversary on July 15, 2023.
Applying Feature Transformation-Based Domain Confusion to Neural Network for the Denoising of Dispersion Spectrograms
Authors: Song Weibin , Yuan Shichuan , Cheng Ming , Wang Guanchao , Li Yilong , Chen Xiaofei
Published: October 2023

Ambient noise tomography has been widely used to estimate the shear-wave velocity structure of the Earth. A key step in this method is to pick dispersions from dispersion spectrograms. Using the frequency–Bessel (F-J) transform, the generated spectrograms can provide more dispersion information by including higher modes in addition to the fundamental mode. With the increasing availability of these spectrograms, manually picking dispersion curves is highly time and energy consuming. Consequently, neural networks have been used for automatically picking dispersions. Dispersion curves are picked based on deep learning mainly for denoising these spectrograms. In several studies, the neural network was solely trained, and its performance was verified for the denoising. However, they all learn single-source data in the training of neural network. It will lead the regionality of trained neural network. Even if we can use domain adaptation to improve its performance and achieve some success, there are still some spectrograms that cannot be solved effectively. Therefore, multisources training is useful and could reduce the regionality in training stage. Normally, dispersion spectrograms from multisources have feature differences of dispersion curves, especially for higher modes in F-J spectrograms. Thus, we propose a training strategy based on domain confusion through which the neural network effectively learns spectrograms from multisources. After domain confusion, the trained neural network can effectively process large number of test data and help us easily obtain more dispersion curves automatically. The proposed study can provide a deep insight into the denoising of dispersion spectrograms by neural network and facilitate ambient noise tomography.
Learning the Deep and the Shallow: Deep-Learning-Based Depth Phase Picking and Earthquake Depth Estimation
Authors: Münchmeyer Jannes , Saul Joachim , Tilmann Frederik
Published: October 2023

Automated teleseismic earthquake monitoring is an essential part of global seismicity analysis. Although constraining epicenters in an automated fashion is an established technique, constraining event depths is substantially more difficult. One solution to this challenge is teleseismic depth phases, but these can currently not be identified precisely by automatic detection methods. Here, we propose two deep-learning models, DepthPhaseTEAM and DepthPhaseNet, to detect and pick depth phases. For training the models, we create a dataset based on the ISC-EHB bulletin—a high-quality catalog with detailed phase annotations. We show how backprojecting the predicted phase arrival probability curves onto the depth axis yields accurate estimates of earthquake depth. Furthermore, we show how a multistation model, DepthPhaseTEAM, leads to better and more consistent predictions than the single-station model, DepthPhaseNet. To allow direct application of our models, we integrate them within the SeisBench library.
Probing Polar Fluctuations in Epitaxial Ferroelectrics Using Inelastic Light Scattering
Authors:   , Ruffino Anthony Joseph , Spanier Jonathan E
Published: October 2023

Observing polar fluctuation dynamics in ferroelectric materials grants insight into the polarization energy landscape, informing us of a ferroelectric material's properties and behaviors with regards to temperature and strain. Inelastic light scattering is a non-destructive sample measuring technique sensitive to such fluctuations. A theory of light scattering is established to develop the shape of a special light scattering spectral signature called the Central Peak using the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theory. Monte Carlo "2D BaTiO₃" is modelled and power spectral densities are calculated to observe qualitative spectral properties of the Central Peak. Inelastic light scattering measurements are performed on both bulk and epitaxial thin film BaTiO₃, observing the temperature evolution of the Central Peak across phase transitions. Observations indicate that thin film Central Peak behavior differs considerably from the bulk, with signatures indicating that polar activity during phase transitions in thin films is frustrated by the presence of domain walls/thin film confinement effects.
The critique of the Westphalian peace narrative
Authors: Nefedov B.
Published: October 2023

The article studies perceptions of the Peace of Westphalia that were formed in the fields of international relations history and the general theory of international law as a result of conflicting doctrines, with some claiming the Westphalian treaties of 1648 are of universal significance for these scientific fields, and others, conversely, denying that these treaties had any sort of influence on the formation of a modern system of international relations and the formation of international law as a legal system. The article concludes that the treaties of the Peace of Westphalia does not actually contain many of the provisions attributed to them. These norms often arise only from their interpretation. However, the critics of the treaties’ significance for the history of international relations and their international legal regulationwho focused their attention only on the verbatim text of these documents while ignoring the historical conditions surrounding their development and adoption, failed to properly assess their impact. The Westphalian Congress was the first congress in world history that was pan-European in character. Its widely representative nature, the lengthy period of time during which it was held, the content of the treaties and the universally binding nature of their provisions, as well as the protocol rules, allow us to claim that the states of this world region started to identify themselves as part of a single pan-European international community. Moreover, the Congress also saw the creation, in a relatively short time, not only of treaties, but also of customary norms of general international law that were of fundamental importance for the formation of a new system of international relations. Despite the fact that most of the provisions of the Peace Treaty of Westphalia of 1648 havean applied nature, it is by no means an insignificant medieval treaty, the only virtue of which lies in it ending the Thirty Years' War. The Peace of Westphalia is an example of the first pan-European international treaty in world historywhich formulated a number of binding norms for all states of this part of the world. To sum up, the Westphalian Peace Treaty was, a historic breakthrough the creation of treaty norms of general international law, and therefore the it should be deemed a historical milestone in the creation of international law as a legal system.
International activities of German political foundations and American philanthropic funds. A comparative analysis
Authors: Sutyrin V.
Published: October 2023

The paper is aimed at investigating the influence of political foundations upon internal and external policy of a state, analyzing place and role of foundations in international relations. The relevance of the topic under investigation is stipulated by the expansion of semi-official and guerilla diplomacy instruments in governments’ external policy toolkits, which are widely financed by political foundations. The paper deals with the development of contemporary political foundations of the USA and Germany, including comparative analysis of performance features. The classification of foundation functions in the context of international relations is introduced. A conclusion is drawn that German political foundations are designed according to a model of a ministry of foreign affairs with the elements of a political party whereas a typical American philanthropic foundation is based on a model of a business corporation. German representatives tend to be present on the spot, continuously make contacts and keep track of local developments. The Americans apply project-based approach, and aim at creating NGOs or partnerships geared towards concrete actions or tasks making claims for international legitimacy. Foundations in Germany and the US are different in terms of funding models, degree of governmental involvement, scale and methods both serve as proxies and commentators of ruling elites' ideology contributing to foreign policy aims of their countries of origin. Foundations due to distancing from official diplomacy and legal autonomy (although activities of major foundations are frequently adjusted to the policy of a state of origin) achieve a wide room for maneuver. They penetrate into foreign societies and exert influence over sensitive spheres of modern statehood, such as education, domestic policy, expert community, media, etc. Hence a great deal of ties and points of influence “from inside” upon social and power structures of a foreign country are shaped, and could be exploited to further interests of a state of foundations’ origin. Experience of Western foundations is actively employed by other states and organizations, including non-Western. A range of tools could be applied for the strengthening of bilateral and multilateral cooperation within the framework of the Eurasian integration project of Russia according to the principles of mutuality and inclusivity.
International sources of the popularity of Russia’s president. Does the «rally around the flag» effect matter?
Authors: Mukhametov R.
Published: October 2023

The article focuses on the popularity of the President of the Russian Federation and the factors that influence the level of his support among the population. It is shown that most of the previous literature was devoted to the study of the influence of such determinants as macroeconomic indicators, the standard of living of citizens, the media, the use of political technologies, etc. The author notes that researchers have begun to mark a certain impact on the rating of national leaders of international events and interstate conflicts. The review of the literature showed that most researchers studied the factors of approval of the president's activities on the example of the United States. The author came to the conclusion that Russia is also a good laboratory for research and finding answers to a number of questions: Does the country's participation in military conflicts affect the popularity of the President of the Russian Federation? Does the low approval rating of the head of state lead to the initiation of a military conflict? The diversionary theory of war and the «rally around the flag» effect became the methodological basis of the article. Based on theoretical reflection, two working hypotheses were formulated: 1) a decrease in the approval rating of the president leads to an increase in the aggressiveness of foreign policy and the initiation of a military conflict; 2) Russia's participation in military conflicts leads to an increase in the popularity / approval of the activities of the President of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is an empirical test of these hypotheses. The author collected data on the rating of Russia’s president from 2000 to 2022 and conducted a regression analysis of time series. A comparative analysis of cases was used as a research method. As a result of statistical and other calculations, the author came to the conclusion that a decrease in the approval rating of the President of the Russian Federation does not lead to the initiation of military conflicts. The article substantiates the idea that the effect of the «rally around the flag» has matter in Russia, the participation of the armed forces in conflicts leads to an increase in the approval of the activities of the President of the Russian Federation.
Turning point in global development. Will the West keep its predominant influence on world order in the 21st century?
Authors: Shakleina T.
Published: October 2023

2022 could be characterized as crucial for the formation of world order and future world development. Very often we hear that the most important events of 2022 are “the Ukrainian crisis” and XX Convention of the Communist Party of China that declared the beginning of the new period in the Chinese international strategy aimed at reaching global status and influence either equal to American or even greater. Idea of the new bipolar world order has been mentioned, and even acknowledged by certain American and Russian scholars. However, there is no great optimism about such a prospect. It is only a supposition, and a rather unrealistic one. Russia is not interested in this kind of world order. It is also not quite correct to examine everything that is going on in the world in the context of the “Ukrainian crisis”, which is the product of the Western/American policy of social engineering in various countries aimed at their transformation on the basis of Western values. Such policy begun in 1992 has been part of the American global strategy to establish liberal world order with the domineering role of the United States. We suggest taking a new look at international relations. By 2022, the megatrend of the world order formation of the 21st century had entered its decisive phase. The crucial factor that will influence the outcome of this process is developing confrontation between Russia and the West/US/NATO. The result will determine whether we shall live either in a just polycentric world order, or in imperial-hegemonic order (possibly, US-China order). Russia is in a very unfavorable international situation; however, it must continue its efforts in world order formation putting efforts into propaganda of peace and necessity of establishing new institutions not Western-centered reflecting and satisfying interests of the majority of the world community.
US–Afghanistan: the collapse of an asymmetrical alliance
Authors: Machitidze G.
Published: October 2023

This article reflects on the reasons for the collapse of the asymmetrical alliance between the US and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (IRA), which had existed for 20 years. Particular attention is paid to the roles of both countries within the alliance as senior and junior partners. The goals of the two players are not always the same, which are sometimes contradictory. The level of Afghan influence on American strategy and the cost to the U.S. of managing the alliance are demonstrated, as well as attempts by the Afghan side to manipulate the senior partner with a high degree of dependence on it. The legal basis for the US-IRA alliance is outlined. The author notes the initial lack of a clear U.S. strategy outlining overarching goals, the sequence of steps required to achieve these goals, and the resources allocated to carry out these actions. The rapidly changing political and military environment in Afghanistan has contributed to frequent changes in US strategies. The paper shows that, as a result, Washington was actually forced, along with security, to engage seriously in nation-building in Afghanistan, which was not part of its plans. The ignorance of US officials about the socio-cultural and political conditions in the IRA was an important factor contributing to failures at the strategic, operational and tactical levels. The complexity of implementing a state-building strategy was also due to the overly broad range of objectives and the large number of actors involved in Afghanistan. Complicating factors were the unrealistic timeline for reconstruction of the IRA, the endless infusion of funds into Afghan institutions to address insecurity and the corruption of the Afghan government. It is concluded that the foundation of the bilateral asymmetric alliance has been undermined by the US-Taliban arrangements, and Washington's decision to withdraw US troops from the IRA has led to its collapse.