bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maritime Security In Coastwise Domestic Shipping As Perceived By Cadets
Authors:   College of Maritime Education, John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation, Grapa Albert , Lemoncito Edgar ,   College of Maritime Education, John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation
Published: September 2021

This study focused on the cadets’ perception of the level of implementation of maritime security in coastwise trade in selected ports of Western Visayas, Philippines, based on the ISPS Code requirements applicable onboard vessels and in port. This study aims to: (1) Determine the level of implementation of domestic companies in terms of the ship security plan or certificate, security drills, control of visitors on board, identification of restricted areas onboard, and security equipment used; (2) Identify the challenges that domestic vessels experience in the implementation of these procedures; and (3) Find out how the cadets are engaged in the process of implementing the requirements in terms of security drills and control of visitors on board and the roles they are tasked to perform. A research-made instrument designed for cadets was used to gather the data. The results revealed that domestic companies’ implementation is heightened during MARSEC Level 2, which happens when there is a heightened level and when security risk has become visible to security personnel. The greatest challenge as perceived by the cadets was specifically on technology advancement, which affects the security and equipment of the domestic vessels. The cadets are engaged in implementing the ISPS code on security drills and control of visitors on board by performing the roles assigned to them by their senior officers. Based on this study’s results, it is recommended that emphasis must be given on topics in maritime security for the students to be equipped with this knowledge during their cadetship program. Training centers may enhance the maritime security training’s effectiveness to include Seafarers with Designated Security Duties, Security Awareness Training, and Ship Security Assessment.
Potential Benefits Of Electricaly Driven Ferry, Case Study
Authors:   University of Split, Perić Tina , Stazić Ladislav , Bratić Karlo ,   University of Split
Published: September 2021

There have been several news articles in the newspapers lately about the introduction of electrically powered ferry boats in Croatia, especially on several shorter routes. This introduction will require serious investigation into potential benefits and also into potential drawbacks to determine if a solution is viable or not. One of those shorter ferry routes in Croatia is a route from peninsula Pelješac to the island of Korčula. The route at the moment is operated by one ferry, driven by four independent propellers, each driven by one diesel engine. This paper is addressing one small aspect of problems, assessing potential benefits of the conversion of a ferry (or replacement with electrically driven ferry) on the mentioned route to electrical power and the impact on the local area due to the reduction of all exhaust gas emissions.
Cluster Perspectives for Competitiveness of Higher Education Institutions
Authors:   University of Plovdiv, Dimitrova Gergana
Published: September 2021

In a knowledge-based economy with high levels of competition where there is global economic competition between nations, the contribution of science and education is emerging as fundamental to their economic growth and competitiveness. This draws attention to the key factors for evaluation the competitiveness of higher education institutions (HEIs), as the article proposes a conceptual model for its evaluation, with a focus on cooperation between science, education and business, as a potential way for competitive positioning in the country. The integration processes in the sector stand out, and hence – the importance of the cluster approach to increase competitiveness and its applicability to HEIs.
Editorial 1.1: Journal to address gap in high education sector
Authors: Carter Helen
Published: September 2021

Journal to address gap in high education sector
Using the nominal group technique to select the most appropriate topics for postgraduate research students' seminars
Authors: Jones Sandra
Published: September 2021

In 2003, the Faculty of Health & Behavioural
Sciences at our university offered a series of
postgraduate research seminars. The series of
seminars, selected by a three-person faculty team,
received a mixed reaction - some seminars
attracted a large proportion of the students whereas
others were poorly attended. Thus, it was decided
to continue the seminar series in 2004, but to
undertake some formative evaluation to determine
the students' preferences for the seminar topics. It
was important to gain input from as many students
as possible, and to allow maximum latitude for
responses. It was decided to conduct a two-stage
evaluation process: nominal groups with a subset of
postgraduate research students; followed by a
survey of all students based on the groups. It was
apparent from the results of this study that the
students' preferences for seminar content were
quite dissimilar to those anticipated by academic
staff. This study demonstrates the advantages and
disadvantages of the nominal group technique in
investigating information and skill needs among
postgraduate research students.
Academic Integrity: An Awareness and Development Issue for Students and Staff
Authors: McGowan U.
Published: September 2021

University plagiarism policies aimed at assuring academic
integrity provide for increased vigilance and disciplinary
procedures to deal with transgressions. Many policies
also include guidelines to teaching staff to ensure that
students are adequately informed about the meaning of
plagiarism and its consequences, and about methods of
citing within the particular referencing system in use.
However, the experience of academic advising has
indicated that receiving such information is insufficient for
students who, for a variety of reasons, inadvertently lapse
into plagiarism. This is particularly the case for
international students for whom English is a second or
additional language. A simple and not excessively timeconsuming
strategy is proposed for academics to ensure
that students have the opportunity to learn not only the
mechanics of what they are required to do, but also the
reasons for the requirements and assistance in learning
the language for fulfilling these requirements. The
strategy involves, firstly, the induction of students into the
concept of evidence-based learning as the essential
characteristic of university learning, teaching and
research, and secondly, the application of a tool such as
genre analysis for mastering the language of their
discipline. This is an awareness and development issue
that is particularly important for international students
whose time within the English-speaking Australian
university environment may be limited to three or four
years. The proposed strategy has the potential of
becoming a powerful mechanism for reducing the
incidence of inadvertent plagiarism, as well as raising the
overall standard of written work for an increasing range of
students.
Using an Electronic Text-Matching Tool (Turnitin) to Detect Plagiarism in a New Zealand University
Authors: Goddard R. , Rudzki R.
Published: September 2021

This paper is concerned with reporting the experience
and findings of staff using a commercially-available textmatching
tool (Turnitin) to detect plagiarism in a university
setting in New Zealand. The use of actual instances of
plagiarism revealed through Turnitin in a teaching
department is a departure from the more usual selfreporting
methodology used in many plagiarism research
papers. The paper concludes by asking questions of the
implications for institutions, teaching staff and students.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUMATRIPTAN SUCCINATE AND NAPROXEN SODIUM GASTRORETENTIVE (FLOATING) BILAYERED TABLETS
Authors: Reddy K. Srinivasa , Kumar D. Vinay , Bharath CH. Lakshmi , Madhuri P. Sri Ramya
Published: September 2021

The main aim of the present work was to formulate and evaluate sumatriptan succinate and naproxen sodium gastro retentive(floating) bilayered tablets. Floating bilayer tablets were formulated using direct compression method, it consist of two layers i.e IR layer containing Naproxen and floating CR layer containing sumatriptan. IR2 layer containing 2% concentration of Cross Povidone was found to be optimum and released 99.23% of naproxen in 45min. The optimized floating CR8 layer containing HPMC K 100M in 46% concentration showed 81.21% of drug release at the end of 12h. Among all formulations, IR2 & CR8 provided slow release of sumatriptan over 12h and rapid release of naproxen within 45 min, hence it is considered as an optimum bilayered formulation of sumatriptan and naproxen. The optimised formulation was fitted in the Kinetic models and it follows Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics and the release mechanism was Case II non- fickian diffusion from these tablets.
IN VITRO ANTI-UROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF FRESH JUICE OF WHEATGRASS
Authors: Madaan Reecha , Bala R. , Kaur C. , Sharma A , Kumar D.
Published: September 2021

The objective of this work was to determine the anti-urolithiatic potential of fresh juice of wheatgrass, i.e., Triticum aestivum L. Wheatgrass juice is a rich source of mineral nutrients like iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). The qualitative phytochemical screening of fresh wheatgrass juice showed the presence of amino acids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols and tannins. The in vitro anti-urolithiatic activity was determined using dissolution method and by turbidity method. Crystals of calcium oxalate were prepared and packed in semi-permeable membrane in both methods. Percentage increase in dissolution of calcium oxalate crystals and increase in turbidity was measured, and compared with control (distilled water). Wheatgrass juice exhibited significant anti-urolithiatic activity when compared to the control. The result revealed that wheatgrass juice has potential in the treatment of kidney stone.
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CARICA PAPAYA LEAVES TABLET FORMULATION AND STUDY OF FRAGMENTATION PATTERN OF RUTIN
Authors: Tambe V. S. , Karnik A. M. , Deodhar M.N. , Prakya Vijayalakshmi
Published: September 2021

The chemical constitution of Carica papaya leaves tablets and the fragmentation pattern of rutin is poorly investigated. Rutin was found to a constituent of tablet formulation. This work reports a study on the fragmentation pattern of rutin by electrospray ionization with multistage mass spectrometry in positive mode. Potential dissociation pathway for rutin is proposed. The fragmentation pattern provides important information for its determination by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF NOVEL 1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: T.C Aishwarya , Jainey James , M. Vijay Kumar , Revanasiddappa B.C. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Nitte -Deemed to be University, Paneer, Deralakatte, Mangalore-575 018, Karnataka, India
Published: September 2021

2 Oxo-2h-chromene-3-carbohydrazide (1) reacts with various aromatic aldehydes to give corresponding 2-oxo-2h-chromene-3-carbohydrazide arylidene hydrazides (SB1-8). Oxidative cyclization of (SB1-8) with mercuric oxide and iodine in DMF medium furnishes the title compounds 3-(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol2-yl)-2h-chromen-2-ones (2a-h). All the synthesized compounds were assigned structures on the basis of IR, 1 H-NMR and Mass spectral data. Some of the selected compounds were evaluated for In vivo anticonvulsant activity by MES and PTZ models.
SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN AND SAXAGLIPTIN IN FIXED DOSE COMBINATION (FDC) BY Q-ABSORBANCE RATIO METHOD
Authors: Ee How Gan , Bontha Venkata Subrahmanya Lokesh ,   Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Published: September 2021

A simple Q-absorbance ratio method have been developed for the determination of dapagliflozin (DAPA) and saxagliptin (SAXA) in fixed dose combination (FDC) using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. In this method, the UV spectra of DAPA and SAXA were overlaid to obtain wavelength at isosbestic point (λiso) of 217.6 nm and at absorption maximum (λmax) of DAPA at 224.2 nm, which are involved in the formation of Q-absorbance equation. Validation of method was done according to ICH guidelines. DAPA and SAXA obeyed Beers law in the concentration range of 2-25 µg/mL and 5-25 µg/mL, respectively. Good accuracy of method was determined by recovery studies and found to be in the range of 103.1-104.6% for DAPA and 97.7-102.4% for SAXA. This method has shown good precision (%RSD < 2.0). Statistical analysis like one-way ANOVA and student t-test were conducted and the reported method was accurate. This method was found to be simple, cheap, eco-friendly accurate and precise and can be used for routine analysis of DAPA and SAXA in FDC for testing regularly in manufacturing units.
CELLULOSE ACETATE FLOATING MICROSPHERES OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE: FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Mishra Himanshu , Adhikari Lokesh , Semalty Mona , Semalty Ajay ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar - 249161, Uttarakhand, (Garhwal), India
Published: September 2021

In this study, floating microspheres of metformin hydrochloride were prepared by using cellulose acetate polymer by solvent evaporation method. Four formulations were prepared by varying the ratio of drug and polymer. The prepared microspheres were then subjected to various evaluation parameters such as drug content, micromeritic evaluations, FTIR, SEM, floatability and in vitro dissolution study. Formulation F1 (1:1 ratio of polymer and drug) showed the highest drug release and drug content with good flow properties. The cumulative percentage of drug release significantly decreased with decreasing drug concentration with a constant polymer ratio. Scanning Electron Microscopy images of all formulations showed that the prepared floating microspheres were irregular in shape, and the surface was found to be non- uniform and rough. In vitro release studies indicated the mechanism of the drug release to follow the Korsemeyer-Peppas model, and “n” value was found to be between 0.54-1.89, indicating anomalous transport mechanism.
NON-STEROIDAL HUMAN PERFORMANCE ENHANCING AGENTS
Authors: Mehta Gaurav , Joshi Maithili , Joshi Shreerang ,   Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra, India.
Published: September 2021

Multiple studies have been conducted, many within the last 3-5 years, to develop a deeper understanding into how certain chemical substances enhance and improve certain aspects of our performance, both mental and physical. The successful synthesis, isolation and purification of such human performance enhancing substances have led to breakthroughs not only in the treatment of debilitating diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, but also have a significant impact on endurance training. While the chief use of such performance enhancing agents is in the treatment of diseases like anaemia, depression, attention deficit and neurodegenerative disorders, such substances are also misused and sometimes abused in sport. This review highlights 6 major substances used as performance enhancers, namely, creatine, racetams, melatonin, caffeine, cholinergics and EPO. The six substances enhance different features of human performance. The chemistry of these substances, their chemical biology, methods of synthesis and latest data obtained from various clinical trials are discussed.
Pressupostos epistemológicos da Teoria Pura do Direito de Hans Kelsen
Authors: Costa Bernardo Leandro Carvalho , Rocha Leonel Severo
Published: September 2021

o presente trabalho tem como objetivos apresentar os pressupostos epistemológicos necessários para a compreensão da Teoria Pura do Direito de Hans Kelsen. Para tal, em um primeiro momento, faz-se uma apresentação das discussões teóricas mais relevantes do início do século XX, com destaque para os estudos desenvolvidos no Círculo de Viena, revisitando precursores do positivismo e da sociologia clássica do século XIX. Em um segundo momento, busca-se apresentar trechos da principal obra kelseniana que demonstram a influência dos pressupostos teóricos apresentados anteriormente. Os aportes conclusivos evidenciam a imprescindibilidade dos elementos apresentados no primeiro item para uma leitura suficiente da Teoria Pura do Direito. Como metodologia, será utilizada a matriz teórica analítica, na qual se enquadra o pensamento kelseniano.
El Impacto de la inteligencia artificial en el derecho constitucional
Authors: Miranda Haideer
Published: September 2021

Resumen: El presente estudio analiza como los avances científicos y tecnológicos han influido en el ámbito de los derechos fundamentales máxime en los tiempos actuales que vivimos caracterizados como la sociedad 4.0 o cuarta revolución industrial o, la cual tiene como una de sus principales característica la inteligencia artificial que sin lugar a dudas tiene un gran impacto en el ámbito del derecho constitucional y le plantea importantes retos.

 

Palabras claves: derechos humanos, derecho constitucional, sociedad 4.0, cuarta revolución industrial, inteligencia artificial.
Uma análise da relação do critério de falseabilidade de Karl Popper com a coisa julgada inconstitucional
Authors: Resende Marques Paulo Henrique
Published: September 2021

O estudo analisa a possibilidade de relacionar o método hipotético-dedutivo de Karl Popper, em especial o processo de refutabilidade, com uma situação processual específica, qual seja, a ocorrência de uma decisão transitada em julgado ter como fundamento uma lei considerada, posteriormente, inconstitucional pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. O julgado do Supremo Tribunal Federal será considerado um teste de falseabilidade, apto a refutar a decisão inconstitucional (mesmo com o atributo da coisa julgada), gerando consequência de não produção de efeitos (impugnação em execução) ou recisão (ação rescisória) sobre ela.
Derechos humanos: conceptos y diferencias con otras denominaciones
Authors: Islas Colín Alfredo
Published: September 2021

Ante la diversidad de denominaciones de los derechos humanos, el objetivo de esta investigación es exponer las características de los derechos humanos a partir de los autores de las escuelas anglosajonas como de la tradicción greco-romana  Norberto Bobbio, Luigi Ferrajoli, Catharin Mackinnon, Liborio Luis Hierro Sánchez-Pescador, Frédéric Sudre, las Naciones Unidas, John Rawls, Steven Lukes, Antonio Osuna Fernández-Largo y nuestra opinión. Se trabajó con un método deductivo con alcance documental. Dentro de las características se señala los titulares de los derechos humanos (personas individuales y colectivas), sujetos activos (el Estado y empresas), las normas que lo regulan (instrumentos internacionales, Constituciones…), contenido (civiles, políticos, dignidad, libertad, igualdad…) y fines de los derechos humanos (bien común, democracia, legitimidad…). Asimismo se analiza la distinción entre derechos humanos con los derechos naturales, positivo, vigente, derechos fundamentales, garantías constitucionales, derechos públicos subjetivos entre otros, para evitar su confusión en la interpretación y conocer los límités y alcances de los derechos humanos.
Using Rural Planning to Promote the Integration of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Industries in Rural China
Authors: He Jiawen
Published: September 2021

Rural planning plays an important role in rural industrial integration, but there are few researches on the planning methods of rural industrial integration in China at present. Therefore, learning from the successful experience of developed countries and combining with the current situation of rural economic and social development in China is an important means and basic idea to explore the rural planning method of guiding the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary production in rural areas in China.
The Analysis of the Dilemma in Implementation of Green Finance in China
Authors: Yang Tianyi , Yusoff Mohd Effandi
Published: September 2021

With the overall transformation and upgrading of China's economic structure, the development concept of green finance has been established in the financial industry, but it is also facing new challenges in the near future. First, this article will summarize the previous studies of green finance. Based on the current finance development situation, this article will investigate the difficulties encountered in implementing green finance in China and finding solutions. The study aims to provide a theoretical reference for the development of green finance in China.
Research on the Project Selection Path of Counseling Graduate Students' Entrepreneurship Plan Driven by TRIZ Resource Analysis
Authors: Guo Jing , Sun Xiaolin
Published: September 2021

Taking the entrepreneurship plan project as the carrier to cultivate college students' innovative and entrepreneurial thinking and ability is core content of college’ entrepreneurship education in China. Facing the background of the dynamic development of policy, economy, society and technology, there is an urgent need to break the discipline limitations and scientific methods to identify the entrepreneurial opportunities. Although the existing entrepreneurial management theory provides a basis for the source of entrepreneurial opportunities, the counseling practice shows that college students still have difficulties to break through the thinking constraints and innovation bottlenecks in the selection process of entrepreneurial plan project. Based on the perspective of effectual logic, this study introduces TRIZ "9 windows" resource analysis tool, combines it with PEST model, designs the selection path of entrepreneurship plan project, and applies it to the process of tutoring college students' Entrepreneurship plan project. Through the counseling practice of College Students' innovation and Entrepreneurship Program in 2021, the effectiveness of the design path of this study is tested.
تحضير عدد من مركبات البريميدين المشتقة من الجالكونات وتقييم فعاليتها الحيوية
Authors: اسماعيل خلف الجبوري أديب , عبد العزيز عطية البدراني خالد
Published: September 2021

تم في هذا البحث تحضير البنزوثايازول (AD1) من تفاعل معوضات الانلين مع ثايوسيانيت البوتاسيوم بوجود البروم وحامض الخليك الثلجي. كذلك تحضير املاح الدايازانيوم (AD2) من تفاعل البنزوثايازول مع باراهايدروكسي بنزالديهايد بوجود هيدروكسيد الصوديوم (NaOH10%) ونتريت الصوديومNaNO2 وحامض الهايدروكلريك HCl. وكذلك حضرت الجالكونات (AD3-8) من تفاعل معوضات الاسيتوفينون مع بارا هايدروكسي بنزلديهايد بوجود هيدروكسيد الصوديوم (NaOH10%). وتم تفاعل السيانوكواندين مع الجالكونات يعطي مركبات (AD8-12) البرميدينات. تم اختبار الفعالية الحيوية للمركبات المحضرة ضد البكتريا السالبة والموجبة لصبغة غرام والتركيز المثبط الادنى بالمقارنة مع Ciprofloxacin. تم التأكد من صحة التراكيب باستخدام الطرق الفيزيائية والطيفية باستخدام I.R, 1H-NMR,13C-NMR
Removal of radioactive cesium from liquid waste by zeolite
Authors: Mohammed Aamir Abdullah , Hussein Hayder Saleem , Abdullah Salam Khudhair
Published: September 2021

A radioactive fluid waste polluted with cesium-137 from Al-Tuwaitha site -south of Baghdad-Iraq is used in this paper. Commercial zeolite is used as a sorbent material in the present work for the removal of radioactive cesium-137. The removal efficiency for radioactive liquid was 96.43 % with 2 h mixing time, 0.04 g sorbent mass and pH=6.8 and at room temperature. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were found to represent the experimental results well and these results are more consistent with Freundlich model than Langmuir model.
Investigation the dynamic of nano quantum cascade lasers with optoelectronics feedback
Authors: Mohammed Akram Ghani , Waried Hussein Hadi
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a theoretical investigation of negative optoelectronic feedback study in Nano quantum cascade lasers is presented. The present rate equation model has been modified to include the nano laser factors such as the Purcell factor and the spontaneous emission factor. The results indicate that the present rate equation model can be using to study the effect of Purcell factor and the spontaneous emission factor on the negative optoelectronic feedback in Nano quantum cascade lasers. It is found that the increase in Purcell factor value leads to increase in photon number and decrease the carrier number in all quantum states. Also, the dynamic of photon number (S) tends to stable at constant value with the increase of Purcell effect i.e. there is small variation in photon number and carrier number( , , ). The decreases in enhanced spontaneous emission factor value leads to increases in carrier number and decreases the photon number and we note small variation in these values.
تقدير وتشخيص المركبات الهيدروكاربونية الكلية والاروماتية في مناطق مختارة من شط العرب
Authors: البضاني مريم , السعد حامد طالب , عذبي احمد محسن
Published: September 2021

تناولت الدراسة قياس تراكيز الهيدروكاربونات الكلية في اربع محطات مختارة من شط العرب وهي المسحب والعشار وابو الخصيب والفاو حيث جمعت العينات بشكل شهري لمدة عام كامل ابتداء̋ من شهر كانون الثاني عام 2012 ولغاية كانون الاول من العام نفسه وكان اعلى تركيز مسجل 17.78 مايكروغرام/ لتر في محطة المسحب في شهر شباط وأوطأ تركيز0.22 في شهر نيسان في محطة العشار. وتم فصل المركبات الهيدروكاربونية الاروماتية وتشخيصها بتقنية جهاز كروماتوغرافيا الغاز (GC)وقد سجلت اعلى التراكيز للمركبات الاروماتية (31.91 , 21.49 , 29.52 , 31.11) نانوغرام / لتر في محطات المسحب والعشار وابو الخصيب والفاو على التوالي في شهر تشرين الثاني، واظهرت التغيرات الفصلية للمركبات الاروماتية ارتفاع تراكيزها في فصلي الخريف والشتاء في جميع المحطات وانخفاضها في فصلي الربيع والصيف ولكافة المحطات.
تأثير الإضافة الاحيائية لفطر الترايكوديرما والسمادية ورش الاحماض الامينية والمستخلصات الطبيعية في نمو وحاصل البروكلي Broccoli
Authors: . منى حميد سرحان , . سعد عبد الواحد محمود
Published: September 2021

نفذت تجربة حقلية عامليه ذات عاملين وفق تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة وبثلاث مكررات خلال موسم 2019 للفترة من 15/8/2019 ولغاية 30/1/2020 لدراسة تأثير إضافة بعض المخصبات الاحيائية والرش ببعض المغذيات في نمو وحاصل نبات البروكلي، شمل العامل الأول الإضافات الأرضية، كالاتي: بدون إضافة T0 ، وإضافة توصية سماديه T1 ، وإضافة نصف توصية سماديه + فطر الترايكوديرما T2، وإضافة حامض الهيومك + فطر الترايكوديرما T3، وتضمن العامل الثاني الرش الورقي كالاتي: بدون إضافة D0، والرش بالبايوزيم D1، والرش بالاحماض الامينية D2، والرش بالمستخلص عرق السوس D3. بينت النتائج ان تأثير إضافة بعص المخصبات الاحيائية والرش الورقي ببعض المغذيات ادى الى زيادة معنوية في ارتفاع النبات، المساحة الورقية، الكلوروفيل الكلي في الأوراق، الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري، التبكير بالتزهير، وزن القرص الزهري الرئيسي، الحاصل الكلي للأقراص الزهرية، النتروجين في الأقراص الزهرية، الفسفور في الأقراص الزهرية، البوتاسيوم في الأقراص الزهرية.
Comparing inhibitory effect some of probiotics and antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria isolated from injuries of military operations
Authors: . Khatab azher muslh , . Halah Abdul khaliq awadh , . Abdulwahid B. Al-Shaibani
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to isolate the antibiotics-resistant bacteria causing burns and wounds infections in military operation patients, and to compare the inhibitory efficacy of probiotics with the most common effective antibiotics. For this purpose, collected a total of 52 male patients of ages from 18 to 55 years suffering of wounds and burns infection from Military Muthanna Hospital form the period September 2019 to January 2020. Distributed between 34 of the samples were collected from wounds and 18 from burns. 27 (51.92%) from the wounds and 14 (26.92%) from the burns gave positive results for bacterial growth. A total of 61 bacterial isolates, 40 from wounds and 21 from burns, were obtained after culturing on MacConkey agar and blood agar and incubating at 37ºC for 24h. The isolates were identified by cultural, microscopic and biochemical tests and found to belong to both Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria .The susceptibility test was performed by subjected each of the wound and burn isolates to four most common antibiotics to each isolate bacterium. Results showed that majority of the isolates were highly sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin. 8 of the highly antibiotic-resistant isolates were selected for treatment by two bacterial probiotics; Lactobacillus casei and L. paracasei Cultivated independently, in MRS broth (de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth) medium. The fermentation products were then concentrated (50, 25, and12.5) ml and the inhibitory activity of the eight most antibiotic-resistant isolates used was tested. Experiment was repeated three times and analysed with SPSS software. ANOVA Table with Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test. Results showed that despite the three-fold concentrated filtrates of both probiotics exerted good inhibitory activity against the pathogenic isolates, but L. casei filtrate was highly effective than that of L. paracasei. Moreover, L. casei filtrate was even competitor to Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin.
تقدير تركيز الابوليبوبروتين B وبعض المؤشرات الكيموحيوية وعلاقتها بارتفاع ضغط الدم لدى المرضى في مدينة سامراء
Authors: . صابرين شاكر محمود , . عبد المنعم حمد مجيد السامرائي , . عمر رحيم خلف
Published: September 2021

يعتبر ارتفاع ضغط الدم قاتلاً صامتاً يزيد من معدلات الإصابة بالأمراض والوفيات , وهو واحد من أكثر الأمراض شيوعاً التي تؤثر بشكل كبير على القلب والأوعية الدموية والدماغ والكلى وترتبط الإصابة به مع ارتفاع مرتسم الدهون وتعتبر من أكثر عوامل الخطورة شيوعاً لارتفاع ضغط الدم ، اشتملت الدراسة (89) عينة وبواقع 57)) عينة مصابة بمرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم مكونة من (27) أنثى و(30) ذكر و(32) عينة سيطرة مكونة من (13) أنثى و(19) ذكر تراوحت أعمارهم بين (85-30) سنة , أشارت نتائج قياس تركيز كل من (الكوليسترول Chol والكليسيريدات الثلاثية TG والبروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة HDL والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة LDL والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة جداً VLDL والابوليبوبروتين B والسكري ) لدى المرضى المصابين بارتفاع ضغط الدم مقارنة بالأصحاء , إلى ارتفاع معنوي في المتوسط الحسابي لمستوى تركيز الكوليسترول لدى مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم والذي بلغ 187.3 mg/dL مقارنة بالأصحاء والذي بلغ 158.8 mg/dL. اما الكليسيريدات الثلاثية فقد بلغ تركيزها لدى المرضى 177.3 mg/dL مقارنة بالأصحاء والذي بلغ 144.2 mg/dL. بينما أظهرت نتائج البروتينات الدهنية وجود انخفاض معنوي كبير في مستوى تركيز اﻟ HDL لدى مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم الذي بلغ 37.42 mg/dl ، مقارنة بالأصحاء والذي بلغ 46.10 mg/dL . وكان كل من مستويات LDL و VLDL ، ذوى ارتفاع معنوي كبير في مستوى تركيزهما لدى المرضى إذ بلغا 113.4 و 34.36 mg/dL على التوالي ، مقارنة بتركيزهما في الأصحاء إذ بلغا 81.2 و 29.33 mg/dL على التوالي. كما سجل ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى تركيز الابوليبوبروتين B لدى مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم إذ بلغ 2017 ng/ml ، مقارنة بمستوى تركيز لدى الأصحاء والذي بلغ 1830 mg/ml بينما بينت النتائج أن تركيز كلوكوز الدم لم يسجل فروق معنوية بين أمصال دم المرضى الذي بلغ 94.4 ± 23.5 mg/dl في حين كانت (88.7 ± 22.1) mg/dl في أمصال دم الأصحاء كمجموعة سيطرة.
عزل وتشخيص الفطريات داخل النبات وتقييم كفاءتها في مقاومة مرضي التعفن الأبيض وموت البادرات على الطماطم
Authors: . عمر وائل ماجد , . عبد الله عبد الكريم حسن
Published: September 2021

تناولت الدراسة عزل فطريات داخل النبات من المجموعين الجذري والخضري لنباتات الطماطم المأخوذة من ثلاث مناطق مختلفة ضمن حدود محافظة صلاح الدين شملت أقضية بيجي والعلم والشرقاط. أُجريت إِختبارات التضاد للعزلات الفطرية مع الممرضين Sclerotinia sclerotiorum وPythium aphanidermatum باستخدام طريقة الزراعة المزدوجة وأظهرت نتائج التضاد أن أعلى تثبيط للعزلتين SLC1 و ALS6سجل ضد الممرض P.aphanidermatum وبنسبة تثبيط بلغت 75%.أما العزلات الفطرية BSR3 وBRM3 و SRS2حققت أعلى فعالية تضاد تجاه الممرض S.sclerotiorum وبنسبة تثبيط بلغت 75% في المزرعة المزدوجة. شخصت العزلة الفطرية التي اعطت توافق في تضادها ضد الفطريين الممرضين على مستوى النوع ARC3 Fusarium fujikuroi. أوضحت نتائج التجربة الحقلية تأثير هذا الفطر في المعايير الخضرية الى تفوق معنوي لمحتوى نباتات الطماطة من الكلوروفيل في معاملة الفطر (ري + رش تركيز1010 كونيدة/مل) بوجود الفطرين الممرضين P. aphanidermatum و S. sclerotiorum إذ بلغ 36.74 و34.66 سباد، على التتابع مقارنة بأدنى القيم في معاملة الممرضين فقط والتي بلغ فيهما محتوى الكلوروفيل 25.74 و23.21 سباد على التتابع. كما أبدت معاملة الفطر نفسها أعلى معدل ارتفاع للنبات وأوضحت نتائج تأثير الفطر ARC3 في نسبة إصابة النبات بوجود الفطرين الممرضين P. aphanidermatum و S. sclerotiorum تفوقاً معنوياً في خفض نسبة الإصابة في معاملة الفطر ( ري + رش تركيز1010 كونيدة/مل )، إذ بلغت 15.14 و19.27% على التتابع مقارنة بأعلى قيم لنسبة الإصابة والتي بلغت 86.83 و 78.71% في معاملات الممرضين فقط، على التتابع.
تقييم مستوى هرمون الابلين مع الاجهاد التأكسدي لدى مرضى الغدة الدرقية
Authors: الزبيدي هيفاء سعيد لطيف , السامرائي عبد المنعم حمد مجيد
Published: September 2021

تهدف الدراسة الى وجود الربط لهرمونات الغدة الدرقية ببتيد الابلين في كلا الجنسين المصابين بأمراض الغدة الدرقية في مدينة سامراء، جمعت 90 عينة مصل دم، 60 عينة لكلا الجنسين المصابين بأمراض الغدة الدرقية (فرط نشاط الدرقية، قصور نشاط الدرقية)، و30 عينة كمجموعة سيطرة (اصحاء) ولكلا الجنسين والتي تتراوح اعمارهم بين (45-60) سنة، من مستشفى سامراء العام خلال الفترة 20/ 12/2019 الى 20/2/2020. تم قياس تركيز هرمونات الغدة الدرقية (T3,T4,TSH )، هرمون Apelin، ومضاد الاكسدة (GSH)  و مؤشر الاجهاد التأكسدي MDA اظهرت النتائج بأن هناك ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى هرمون T3  و  T4 لمجموعة مرضى فرط الغدة وانخفاضه في مجموعة قصور الغدة الدرقية مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة، وكانت الزيادة المعنوية في مستوى TSH في مجموعة قصور الغدة الدرقية مقارنة مع مجموعة فرط الغدة الدرقية ومجموعة السيطرة و كان هناك ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى تركيز مؤشر الاكسدة المالون ثنائي الالديهايد (MDA) لمجموعة مرضى قصور الغدة الدرقية مع ارتفاع معنوي اقل في مجموعة مرضى فرط الغدة.  اما لمستوى GSH فهناك انخفاض معنوي عند مجموعة قصور الغدة الدرقية وانخفاض معنوي بمستوى اقل عند مجموعة المرضى المصابين بفرط الغدة الدرقية.
المكافحة الحيوية لعثة الطماطة (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) Tuta absoluta مختبريآ
Authors: شوكت مواهب احمد , حميد هشام ناجي
Published: September 2021

أجريت  هذه التجربة في  مختبرات كلية علوم الحياة –  جامعة سامراء  لبيان تقييم فعالية  نوعين من  المستخلصات النباتية  التي شملت  أوراق  الرمان Punica grananatum و الكونوكاربس  lancifolius Conocarpus في نسب قتل العمرين اليرقي الثالث والرابع لعثة الطماطة T. absoluta بعد 24، 48، 72 ساعة من المعاملة، تمت الدراسة تحت ظروف المختبر عند درجة حرارة 5± 25 ورطوبة نسبية 5 ± 70%،  واختبرت اربعة تراكيز للمستخلصات النباتية هي (0.25، 0.50، .750 ,1)%، اذ تفوق مستخلص النباتي لأوراق الرمان معنوياً عن المستخلص النباتي لأوراق كونوكاربس فقد بلغ أعلى نسبة قتل للعمر اليرقي الثالث والرابع (86.7، 73.3)% على التوالي عند تركيز1% بعد 72 ساعة من المعاملة، وأدنى نسبة قتل بلغ  (11.7، 13.3)% على التوالي عند تركيز0.25% بعد 24 ساعة من المعاملة، وجاء مستخلص النباتي لأوراق الكونوكاربس بعد مستخلص النباتي لأوراق الرمان، اذ بلغ أعلى نسب القتل للعمرين اليرقي الثالث والرابع (73.3، 46.7 )% على التوالي عند تركيز 1% بعد 72 ساعة من المعاملة، وادنى نسب قتل للعمرين اليرقي الثالث والرابع بلغ (16.7 ،6.7)% على التوالي عند تركيز 0.25% بعد 24 ساعة من المعاملة.
Application of Nanomaterials in Water Purification: A review
Authors: Soud Shemaa A. , AL-Azawi Khalida F. , AL-Baghdadi Shaimaa
Published: September 2021

Providing clean water all over the world at low cost to meet human needs is a big challenge in the current century. As the world strives to keep pace with the increasing demand for clean water as quickly as possible due to the permanent increase in population density and the deterioration of the state of water and its quality in addition to climate changes. The requirement for developing technological innovations incorporated water managing can't be exaggerated. As reached by previous researchers, nanotechnology possesses vast capabilities to improve water treatment and purify it from organic and inorganic pollutants through the safe use of unconventional water sources. This review covers the methods that have been examined both laboratory and commercially in purifying and treating water. This research provides a discussion of the used methods, advantages and their limitations and also covers a study of nanomaterials used as photocatalysts, whether manufactured or under study. This is done by studying and reviewing the chemical and physical properties of these nanomaterials and their applications in treating water pollution.
Critical Thinking Dispositions of Undergraduate College Students in A Comprehensive University of Mainland China
Authors: Ma Huarong
Published: September 2021

This study was undertaken to assess the critical thinking dispositions of undergraduate college students in a comprehensive university of mainland China and examine the roles of gender and major in the subjects’ critical thinking dispositions. An adapted Chinese version of the California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CCTDI) was used to survey 534 undergraduate students. Statistics revealed that over 3/4 of the subjects were negative in their dispositions to think critically, and no more than 1/4 of them were positive. All the subscale mean scores were between 30-35, indicating an ambivalent attitude to critical thinking. Meanwhile, the subjects were stronger in systematicity, truth-seeking, and self-confidence than in analyticity, inquisitiveness, and cognitive maturity. Besides, males got significantly higher scores in overall critical thinking dispositions, truth-seeking, cognitive maturity, open-mindedness, and justice-orientedness, an added subscale in the Chinese version of CCTDI. Finally, science-engineering students achieved a non-significant higher overall mean score than non-science-engineering students. They also scored higher in seven out of the eight subscales, but the differences were only significant in open-mindedness and justice-orientedness.
Rate of premalignant and malignant endometrial lesion in “low-risk” premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding undergoing endometrial biopsy
Authors: Jha Sangam , Singh Akanksha , Sinha Hemali Heidi , Bhadani Poonam , Anant Monika , Agarwal Mukta
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer (EH/EC) in low-risk premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) undergoing endometrial biopsy and to build a predictive model that includes clinical variables for predicting EH/EC in these women.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted between January 2015 and March 2020. All premenopausal women aged <55 years with AUB who underwent endometrial sampling during a specified time period were included. Data regarding baseline characteristics, sonographic findings, and histological reports were collected from patient record sheets.ResultsDuring the specified time period, 1,089 premenopausal women underwent endometrial biopsy for AUB. Complete data analysis was done for 1,084 women. Of the endometrial samples, 95.3% revealed benign pathology, whereas 4.7% of the samples had major endometrial pathology EH/EC. On step-wise logistic regression analysis, intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) (OR, 3.15), body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR], 4.4705), age >40 years (OR, 1.14), endometrial thickness (ET) >13 mm (OR, 2.59), and hypothyroidism (OR, 1.35) were significantly associated with EH/ EC. Considering the pretest probability for an EH/EC of 4.7%, this prediction model with a likelihood ratio of 14.2% demonstrated a post-test probability of 41% in the presence of the above-mentioned variables.ConclusionThe risk of EH/EC was lower in low-risk premenopausal women with AUB. However, premenopausal women with IMB aged >40 years, hypothyroidism, BMI >25 kg/m2, and thickened endometrium (ET >13 mm) are at high risk of EH/EC; therefore, endometrial biopsy should be considered early in their management plan.
Towards a Grounded Theory for a Development Process Model for Machine Learning Based Systems
Authors: Meireles André , Carvalho Rainara M. , Rique Thiago , Cavalcante Marizangela B. P. , Perkusich Mirko , Almeida Hyggo , Perkusich Angelo
Published: September 2021

The software industry has experienced the integration of artificial intelligence capabilities into applications, facing new challenges regarding software development. Despite research and industry contributions providing lessons learned and best practices, no study proposed a reference process for developing this type of software, and practitioners still struggle to establish a working process. Through a Grounded Theory study involving practitioners with experience in machine learning (ML) projects, this paper presents an emerging theory of how ML-based systems are developed. The reported results comprise key elements of a reference development process with its respective phases and activities.
Hippocampal Influences on Movements, Sensory, and Language Processing: A Role in Cognitive Control?
Authors: D. Burman Douglas
Published: September 2021

Beyond its established role in declarative memory function, the hippocampus has been implicated in varied roles in sensory processing and cognition, particularly those requiring temporal or spatial context. Disentangling its known role in memory from other cognitive functions can be challenging, as memory is directly or indirectly involved in most conscious activities, including tasks that underlie most experimental investigations. Recent work from this lab has examined the directional influence from the hippocampus on cortical areas involved in task performance, including tasks requiring movements, sensory processing, or language judgments. The hippocampus shows preferential connectivity with relevant cortical areas, typically the region critically involved in task performance, raising the possibility that the hippocampus plays a role in cognitive control. Minimal criteria for a role in cognitive control are proposed, and hippocampal connectivity with sensorimotor cortex during a non-mnemonic motor task is shown to meet this standard. Future directions for exploration are discussed.
Pharmaceutical Applications of Pectin
Authors: D. Akin-Ajani Olufunke , Okunlola Adenike
Published: September 2021

Pectin, a natural ionic polysaccharide found in the cell wall of terrestrial plants undergoes chain–chain association to form hydrogels upon addition of divalent cations. Based on its degree of esterification, pectin has been classified into two main types. The high methoxyl pectin with a degree of esterification greater than 50%, which is mainly used for its thickening and gelling properties and the low methoxyl pectin, which is widely used for its low sugar-content in jams, both applications being in the food industry. Pectin is mostly derived from citrus fruit peels, but can also be found in other plants such as waterleaf leaves, cocoa husk, and potato pulps. Pectin has been used as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations for various functions. This chapter will focus on the various applications to which pectin has been used in the pharmaceutical industry.
Parasitic Plants as Vectors for Pathogens
Authors: Gogoi Anupam , Baruah Namrata , Poudel Mandeep , Gupta Ruby , Baruah Geetanjali , Kumar Borah Basanta
Published: September 2021

Parasitic plants obtain their nutrition from their hosts. In addition to this direct damage, they cause indirect damage to their hosts by transmitting various plant pathogens. There are some 4,500 species of parasitic plants known; out of them, nearly 60% are root parasites and the rest of them parasitise on the shoot parts. Orobanchaceae and Convolvulaceae are the two mostly studied families of parasitic plants; and the parasitic plants are the chief mode for transmission of the phytoplasmas. The parasitic plants have various modes of obtaining nutrition; however, the information about the mechanism(s) involved in the pathogen transmission by the parasitic plants is limited. The latest biotechnolgical advances, such as metagenomics and high througput sequencing, carry immense promise in understanding the host-parasitic plant-pathogen association in deeper details; and initiatives have indeed been taken. Nevertheless, compared to the other pests hindering crop productivity, parasitic plants have not yet been able to gain the needed attention of the plant scientists. In this chapter, we review and present some of the latest advances in the area of these important plant pests.
DNA Finger-Printing: Current Scenario and Future
Authors: Sitaram Kadu Sandeep
Published: September 2021

Linearly arranged chemical structure in chromosome is known as DNA. It is a double helix made up of two strands of genetic material spiraled around each other. Each strand has a sequence of bases. There are four types of basis namely adenine, guanine, cytosine and thiamine which are very unique to each individual just like their actual fingerprint. The nitrogen base adenine always binds with thymine and cytosine also always binds with guanine. Thus the DNA profiling unique to each individual is collectively known as DNA fingerprinting. DNA determines individuality or uniqueness of the each human being except in uniovular twins. The chances of complete similarity are one in 30 billion to 300 billion i.e. half the population of world. The technique of DNA fingerprinting was first developed by Dr. Alec Jeffery’s from Britain in 1984. He discovered a minisatellite region close to the human myoglobin gene. He isolated this sequence and used it as a probe to investigate human DNA. He found that the minisatellite probe result was a complex band pattern for each individual. In India, initially it was done at CCMB, Hyderabad by Dr. Lalji Singh. Now there are various centers where DNA fingerprinting is carried out. In Maharashtra it is carried out at Sate Forensic Science Laboratory, Vidya Nagar, Kalina, Mumbai – 400 098 (Phone 022–26670755). Using this technique FBI formally concluded the participation of Mr. Bill Clinton in Monica Lewyninskey case. In India more than 79 cases have been solved by using this technique including important case of Dhanu and Shivarasan alleged assailant of Late Priminister Shr. Rajiv Gandhi, Tandori case, Madhumati murder case etc.
Improving Communication System for Vehicle-to-Everything Networks by Using 5G Technology
Authors: Adnan Almohamad Tarik , Tahir Güneşer Muhammet , Nazri Mahmud Mohd , Şeker Cihat
Published: September 2021

Next-generations of wireless communication systems (5G scheme & beyond) are rapidly evolving in the contemporary life. These schemes could propose vital solutions for many existing challenges in various aspects of our lives, eventually to ensure stable communications. Such challenges are even greater when it comes to address ubiquitous coverage and steady interconnection performance in fast mobile vehicles (i.e., trains or airplanes) where certainly blind spots exist. As an early initiative, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has proposed a regulation for Long Term Evolution (LTE)-based Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) network in order to offer solid solutions for V2X interconnections. V2X term should comprise the following terminologies: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P). Superior V2X communications have a promising potential to improve efficiency, road safety, security, the accessibility of infotainment services (any service of user-interface exists inside a vehicle). In this chapter, the aforementioned topics will be addressed. In addition, the chapter will open the door on investigating the role of wireless cooperative and automatic signal identification schemes in V2X networks, and shedding light on the machine learning techniques (i.e, Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Deep Neural Networks (DNNs)) when they meet with the next-generations of wireless networks.