bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study the effect of aqueous extract of Yas Rue on the types of bacteria isolated from wounds and burns
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The current study was conducted to determine the sensitivity of some pathogenic bacterial isolates isolated from wounds and burns water toward the disposer of the Yas Rue tested five crude bacterial isolates isolated from wounds and burns which these isolates sensitive to aqueous extract crude
Effect of Subinhibitory concentration of Antibiotic on Bacterial Adherence to Orthopedic Prosthetic Device
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The effect of subinhibitory concentration of Antibiotics on the Adherence of S.aureus (Coagulase Positive Staphylococci), and S.epidermidis (Coagulase negative Staphylococci) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Citobacter freundi (Gram negative bacteria) was done and the results revealed that Rifampicin was the best antibiotic inhibiting Staphylococci adherence and Vancomycin has less effect on the adherence of Staphylococci, whereas Tetracyclin was the best antibiotic inhbiting Gram negative bacteria adherence and Amikacin has the lest less effect on inhibiting bacterial adherence.
Tamper Detection in Color Image
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this work a fragile watermarking scheme is presented. This scheme is applied to digital color images in spatial domain. The image is divided into blocks, and each block has its authentication mark embedded in it, we would be able to insure which parts of the image are authentic and which parts have been modified. This authentication carries out without need to exist the original image. The results show the quality of the watermarked image is remaining very good and the watermark survived some type of unintended modification such as familiar compression software like WINRAR and ZIP
Biological and chemical Study to evaluate the types of water used for drinking in the Al-youssiffiyah area and its effect on public health
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Election study included four sites for the waters in area of Youssifiyah south of Baghdad (river water, tank water, liquefactions water, and water filtrate and seethed and purifier by alum and chloride),
the samples were collected during the month of June in 2007.
Temperature, electrical conductivity and acidity are measured. Also , the concentration of chloride , sulphate , carbonate , nitrate , sodium , calcium , magnesium , hard total and total dissolved substances are determined , as well as heavy metals assess environmental risk (such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe). It was also a study of bacterial totals included both total Bacteria (TB) and Total Coliform Bacteria (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) and Fecal Streptococci (FS). The study showed the increased values of electrical conductivity of water river, which ranged between (655 – 805) µs. cm-1 and increasing of total dissolved substances and the sodium and chloride, which ranged between (193 - 195) mg / L, (890 - 1200), (148 -- 155) mg / L, respectively, because of the use of al-shab and chlorine in the process of liquidation, which led to a decrease in the amount of the total suspends substances in all samples.
Found high levels of iron in all the samples because of the deteriorating pipes liquidation, and that all the measurements fall within acceptable limits for the measurements of the specifications of the Iraq.
While the results of Diagnostic bacteria showed that the highest values of bacterial totals were in the liquefaction that led to the emergence of cases of diarrhea and inflammation of urinary sewage when some residents of this region, these results agree with the statistical medical center's health in the region.
Radon concentration measurement in soil for some northen Iraqi's regions by using CR-39 detector
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Concentrations of radon were measured in this study for twenty-four samples of soil distributed in six locations on the north part of Iraq. The radon concentrations in soil samples measured by using alpha-emitters registration that emits from Radon (222Rn) in (CR-39) track detector.
The concentrations values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples. The results shows that the radon gas concentrations in Darbandikhan City varies from (16.60-34.04 Bq/m3), Halabja City (16.51-23.32 Bq/m3), Al Sulaimaniya City (17.61-32.25 Bq/m3), Koisnjaq City (22.04-35.65 Bq/m3), Shaqlaua City (21.10-29.10 Bq/m3) and Erbil City (22.30-34.63 Bq/m3). The average radon gas concentration in Al Sulaimaniya and Erbil governorate are (22.30 Bq/m3) and (26.17 Bq/m3) respectively. As a conclusion from the study Radon concentration in governorate of Erbil is relatively higher than that in governorate of Al Sulaimaniya.
Study of R -molar ratio effect on the transformation of tetraethylorthosilicat precursor to gels in sol-gel technique
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The effect of using different R -molar ratio under variable reaction conditions (acidic as well as basic environment and reaction temperature) have been studied. The overall experiments are driven with open and closed systems. The study shows that there is an optimum value for a minimum gelling time at R equal 2. The gelling time for all studied open system found to be shorter than in closed system. In acidic environment and when R value increased from 2 to 10, the gelling time of closed systems has increased four times than open systems at T=30 ?C and fourteen times when temperature reaction increased to 60 ?C. While in basic environment the influence of increasing R value was limited.
A note on an –module with -pure intersection property
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Let be a ring. Given two positive integers and , an module is said to be -presented, if there is an exact sequence of -modules with is -generated. A submodule of a right -module is said to be -pure in , if for every -Presented left -module the canonical map is a monomorphism. An -module has the -pure intersection property if the intersection of any two -pure submodules is again -pure. In this paper we give some characterizations, theorems and properties of modules with the -pure intersection property.
Synthesis and Characterization of (Fe(II),Co(II),Ni(II) and Cu(II)) Complexes with Schiff Base derived from [benzoyl hydrazine] with [benzyl mono oxime]
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The reaction of [Benzoyl hydrazine] with [Diphenyl mono oxime] and Glacial acetic acid was carried out in methanol gave a new tridentate ligand [Benzoic acid (2-hydroxyimino- 1, 2-diphyneylethylidene) - hydrazide]. This ligand was reacted with some metal ions (Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II)) in methanol with (1:1) metal : ligand ratio to give a series of new complexes of the general formula [M(L)Cl2.H2O], where M= Fe(11), Co(11), Ni(11) and Cu(11).
All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods (I.R, UV-Vis), elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility, and conductivity measurements. From the obtained data the proposed molecular structures were suggested for the complexes of Fe (II), Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) are of geometric octahedral.
Evaluation for the Effect of Heat Stable Enterotoxin (a) Produced by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on Different Cancer Cells In Vitro
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study was conducted for evaluating the cytotoxic effect of heat stable enterotoxin a (STa) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on the proliferation of primary cancer cell cultures, obtained from tumor samples that were collected from (13) cancer patients and as follows: (five colon cancer patients, two bladder cancer patients, two breast cancer patients, two stomach cancer patients and two lung cancer patients), and on normal cell line (rat embryonic fibroblast / REF) (in vitro) with the use of different concentrations starting from (1) mg/ml and ending with (0.0002) mg/ml by making two fold serial dilutions by using the 96- well microtiter plate, and in comparison with negative (PBS) and positive (MMC, at concentration of 10 µg/ml) controls . Results showed that, after (24) hours of exposure to STa, the growth of all primary cancer cell cultures obtained from colon cancer patients was inhibited by STa treatment and this inhibition was concentration dependent. Also it was shown that the cytotoxic effect of the high concentration of STa was close to that seen after MMC treatment. While no differences were seen in the growth of all primary cancer cell cultures that were obtained from the other cancer patients, which mean that STa treatment neither inhibit nor enhanced their growth. At the same time STa did not show or has any cytotoxic effect on the normal cell line (REF).
Stochastic Non-Linear Pseudo-Random Sequence Generator
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Many of the key stream generators which are used in practice are LFSR-based in the sense that they produce the key stream according to a rule y = C(L(x)), where L(x) denotes an internal linear bit stream, produced by small number of parallel linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs), and C denotes some nonlinear compression function. In this paper we combine between the output sequences from the linear feedback shift registers with the sequences out from non linear key generator to get the final very strong key sequence
Propagation of Chickpea in vitro
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Apical meristems, lateral buds, anthers of immature flowers and immature embryos of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) were cultured on MS media with different growth regulators and incubated for 6 weeks at 25-27?C with 16 hrs photoperiod for callus initiation. Results indicated that 1 and 0.1 mg/l of 2,4-D and BA were suitable for callus initiation when apical meristems and lateral buds were used. While 2 and 0.5 mg/l of both growth regulators were essential for immature embryos. It was noticed that using chickpea anthers of the MS medium must contain 1mg/l 2ip and 0.5 mg/l IAA. However, MS medium supplemented with 1-3 mg/l of BA and 2,4-D respectively was good for callus initiation from lateral buds, anther and immature embryos.
However, callus differentiations in chickpea were successfully obtained when 2-3 mg/l of IAA, 2-2.5mg/l of kinetin or 0.1 mg/l of NAA and 2 mg/l of kinetin were used. Data of regeneration and culture maintenance revealed that half strength of MS medium supplemented with 2, 2.5 mg/l of IAA and kinetin respectively or 0.005mg/l and 0.05 mg/l of NAA and BA respectively was the best. The importance of this method in propagation were used for improving and screening resistant chickpea germplasm aginst Fusarium wilt disease.
Preparation and Study Hardness and Thermal Conductivity (Tc) to Polyester Resin Composite with (Titanium Dioxide, Zinc Oxide, Acrylonitril, Wood Flour Coconut
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study is attempt to improve thermal isolation through measuring thermal conductivity composite of on polyester resin with fillers of (TiO2, ZnO, Acrylonitril, wood flour Coconut (Wf). The grain size of the fillers is 200 µm. The number of samples is (16) in addition to the virgin sample; these samples are prepared by cast molding method for polyester with filler volume fractions (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%).
Shore hardness tests were used to measure the hardness and Lee disk method for thermal conductivity. The experimental results showed that the (20% ZnO) sample has the maximum value of thermal conductivity where (20% w.f) has minimum thermal conductivity .on the other hand (15% ZnO) sample give the maximum value of hardness where (20% w.f) sample gave the minimum value of hardness. From this study there is an important factor that should be observed that is the relationship between hardness and thermal conductivity. The study prove that the experimental results satisfy the theoretical assumptions in that the additive material (fillers) of metals base increase thermal conductivity where the material of cellulose base decrease the thermal conductivity and give good thermal isolation but with low hardness and all the result above the refry sample .
The Relationships between Relatively Cancellation Modules and Certain Types of Modules
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and M be unitary (left) R-module. The principal aim of this paper is to study the relationships between relatively cancellation module and multiplication modules, pure submodules and Noetherian (Artinian) modules.
Effect of additive polyvinyl alcohol polymer on properties of cement – Silica
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Study the effect of additives polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) after solving in water by concentration 10% since represent a standard of PVA solution with added to cement – silica composite of ratio (1:2) with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% respectively to the standard quantity of water which using as a mortar of building.
The results are demonstrate increasing on compression resistance with increase of PVA solution until 20%, and decreasing of thermal conductivity which represent a composite are increasing in thermal insulating. The results were recommended decreasing of water absorption with increase of PVA solution ratio as illustrated in this study.
Study of contrast between satellite image data and ground data
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Spot panchromatic satellite image had been employed to study and know the difference Between ground and satellite data( DN ,its values varies from 0-255) where it is necessary to convert these DN values to absolute radiance values through special equations ,later it converted to spectral reflectance values .In this study a monitoring of the environmental effect resulted from throwing the sewage drainages pollutants (industrial and home) into the Tigris river water in Mosul, was achieved, which have an effect mostly on physical characters specially color and turbidity which lead to the variation in Spectral Reflectance of the river water ,and it could be detected by using many remote sensing techniques. The contaminated areas within the water of the river which represents the difference in the reflectance values were isolated and signed, as well as the field estimations, which had been done by using spectrometer device, which gave an acceptable agreement with satellite data considering time difference between these estimations.
satellite imagery analysis program ERDAS version 8.4 was used to determine the values of Spectral Reflectance in the satellite image. A geographic information systems through the ARC INFO has been used to draw photo map of the study area determined it specific sites of measuring the Reflectance, which represent areas that are near the sources of pollution and the other various regions along the river.
Effect of Temperature on Reliability and Degradation of 0.63?m Laser Diode
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The reliability of optical sources is strongly dependent on the degradation and device characteristics are critically dependent on temperature. The degradation behaviours and reliability test results for the laser diode device (Sony-DL3148-025) will be presented .These devices are usually highly reliable. The degradation behaviour was exhibited in several aging tests, and device lifetimes were then estimated. The temperature dependence of 0.63?m lasers was studied. An aging test with constant light power operation of 5mW was carried out at 10, 25, 50 and 70°C for 100hours. Lifetimes of the optical sources have greatly improved, and these optical sources can be applied to various types of transmission systems. Within this degradation range, the device life for system application is estimated to be more than 100 h at 70 ºC at a constant power of 5mW.
Effect of irrigation by saline magnetized water on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat Triticum aestivum
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The effect of saline magnetized water irrigation on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat cultivar Iraq were studied. Irrigation water was supplemented with different levels of Sodium chloride 6, 12 or 18 mmhos/ cm in addition control treatment, and passed through a proper magnetic felid with 1000, 1250, 1500 or 2000 gaus in addition control treatment. The results showed significantly stimulated shoot development and led to the increase of germination, seedling emergence, area leaf, length of shoot and root and fresh and dry weight compared to the controls. Results also showed significant interaction between saline water and magnetized water. So, using magnetic treatment of saline water could be a promising technique for Agricultural improvement.
Mechanical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced Epoxy Resin composites
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Overlapped have been prepared from epoxy resin material added to carbon Nanotube and percentages weight (0.1, 0.05, 0.01) % Studied the mechanical properties of the composite (bending, tensile an
d hardness) has been found that the Flexural and tensile modulus of the composites were higher than the pure epoxy resin this may be due to the high mechanical strength of carbon nano tube (CNT).
The hardness of the epoxy carbon Nanotube composites increased and the reason is due to increased overlap and stacking between the additives and material basis, which reduces the movement of polymer molecules leading to increased resistance to scratching material and cutting, will become more resistance to plastic deformation.
Semi – Bounded Modules
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, and let M be a unity R-module. M is called a bounded R-module provided that there exists an element x?M such that annR(M) = annR(x). As a generalization of this concept, a concept of semi-bounded module has been introduced as follows: M is called a semi-bounded if there exists an element x?M such that . In this paper, some properties and characterizations of semi-bounded modules are given. Also, various basic results about semi-bounded modules are considered. Moreover, some relations between semi-bounded modules and other types of modules are considered.
Wicking Salts from Brine‐Contaminated Soils: A Potential Method for In Situ Remediation
Authors: Green Aaron W. , DeSutter Thomas M. , Daigh Aaron L. M. , Meehan Miranda A.
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

“Wicking” salts from brine‐impacted soils may be an effective means of remediation.

Wicking materials reduced the mass of Na in brine‐impacted soil columns up to 88%.

This method may expedite remediation of brine‐impacted soils with shallow water tables.

Accidental releases of brine, derived from oil and gas development, in the Williston Basin in North America have become frequent in recent years. Oil‐field brines are primarily composed of sodium chloride and exhibit electrical conductivities exceeding 200 dS m−1 and total dissolved solids exceeding 250 g L−1. Current in situ remediation strategies involve the incorporation of divalent‐cation rich amendments to displace and then rain and irrigation to leach sodium out of the soil profile. These methods in semiarid climates, where the evaporative demand exceeds precipitation, often achieves limited results. This study assessed the effectiveness of remediating brine‐contamination by “wicking” salts from the soil surface when a shallow water table is present. During a 5‐wk period, two engineered paper‐based humidifier wicks and two nonengineered wicks (wheat straw and hydraulic mulch) placed on the surface of brine‐contaminated soils reduced the total soil Na concentrations by 65 to 88% and 5 to 80%, respectively. Our results indicate that deployment of engineered wicks or similar, more cost effective materials may be an effective in situ remediation strategy that merits further field‐scale investigation.
Conservation Agriculture and Maize Production Risk: The Case of Mozambique Smallholders
Authors: Kidane Simon M. , Lambert Dayton M. , Eash Neal S. , Roberts Roland K. , Thierfelder Christian
Published: March 2019

Farming systems in southern Africa are characterized by substantial exposure to external risks to crop production. Compounding these external risks are the effects of climate change, soil degradation, and soil fertility decline that mandates developing sustainable intensification practices to address these issues. In 17 target communities of central Mozambique from 2008–2011, we evaluated the performance of conservation agriculture practices (CAPs) to assess the risk perceptions of smallholder farmers regarding these technologies. The study used the results from 638 farms representing three agro‐ecological regions. Net returns were generated for each practice and compared using non‐parametric procedures. Risk‐preferred technologies were identified using mean‐variance, stochastic dominance, and stochastic efficiency with respect to risk function criterion. The results suggest that maize yields were higher for the CAPs systems at low and high elevation sites as compared with conventional tillage practices. Yield variability was also lower in higher elevation areas. At higher elevations, direct seeding was risk‐preferred, ranking higher by risk‐averse farmers than conventional tillage practices. Risk preferences were ambiguous at lower elevations. However, defining producer utility with a power utility function allowed for comparisons of the technologies over a range of risk‐aversion levels. At intermediate and higher altitudes, the direct seeding technology dominated the basin and conventional tillage practices. In low altitudes, and assuming producers were extremely risk‐averse, the conventional practice might be preferred over CAP technologies. These findings have implications with respect to selecting areas where CAPs are known to out‐perform conventional tillage systems before outscaling technology transfer programs to smallholders.

Core Ideas

Four‐year on‐farm experiments were conducted on 638 smallholder farms in Mozambique.

The field treatments compared yields from conservation agriculture and conventional tillage systems.

Net returns from each system were compared to conventional farmer tillage practices.

The analysis identified risk‐preferred technologies.

The conservation agriculture system was preferred by risk‐averse producers farming at higher elevations.
Cover Crop Species and Cultivars for Drill‐Interseeding in Mid‐Atlantic Corn and Soybean
Authors: Caswell Katherine , Wallace John M. , Curran William S. , Mirsky Steven B. , Ryan Matt R.
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Annual ryegrass and orchardgrass performed similarly in field corn.

Medium red clover was the most consistent legume species in field corn.

No effect of annual ryegrass cultivar was observed in field corn.

Annual ryegrass was the most consistent species in soybean.

Drill‐interseeding is becoming a viable method for integrating cover crops in no‐till corn (Zea mays L.) production in the Mid‐Atlantic region. Development of best management practices for drill‐interseeding cover crops into no‐till grain crops requires greater understanding of cover crop performance at the species and cultivar level. Experiments were conducted at multiple Mid‐Atlantic locations (Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York) in two consecutive growing seasons (2013–2014, 2014–2015) to evaluate establishment and performance of drill‐interseeded: (i) grass and legume cover crop species (n = 8) and annual ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. spp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] cultivars (n = 10) in field corn, and (ii) grass and legume cover crop species (n = 6) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]. Fall biomass production of drill‐interseeded cover crops was higher and less variable among locations in field corn than soybean. Annual ryegrass, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), medium red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarntum L.) produced greater mean fall biomass than other species in field corn, but variable winter hardiness of crimson clover resulted in less spring biomass than alternative species. No differences were observed among annual ryegrass cultivars. Annual ryegrass, medium red clover, and crimson clover produced greater mean fall biomass than other species in soybean across locations. Our results highlight the viability of a narrow suite of cover crop species for interseeding in Mid‐Atlantic no‐till grain systems and point to the need for development of agronomic practices that facilitate greater niche complementarity between cover and cash crops.
Grain Legumes Increase Yield Stability in Maize Based Cropping Systems
Authors: Chimonyo Vimbayi Grace Petrova , Snapp Sieglinde S. , Chikowo Regis
Published: March 2019

Functional crop diversity enhances crop productivity, stability, and food security through efficient nutrient cycling and water utilization; however, performance is variable under marginal environments. We applied stability analysis to assess impacts of grain legume integration on maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield, yield stability, N use efficiency (NUE), and ability to meet household protein requirements. Six field trials were conducted across three agroecological zones over five cropping seasons. We used additive main effect and multiplicative interaction to assess grain yield stability of maize in unfertilized maize, maize fertilized with 69 kg N ha−1 (Mz69), maize–pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] intercrop (MzPp), and maize in rotation with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (SbRot), peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., PnRot), and peanut–pigeonpea intercrop (PnDLR). Maize in rotation or intercrop received 10.5 kg P2O5 and 35 kg N ha−1, whereas the Mz69 treatment received 21 kg P2O5 and 69 kg N ha−1. Maize grain yield in rotation with legumes was not significantly different from yield for Mz69. In wetter environments, MzPp intercrops had low maize grain yield (−35%) relative to Mz69, whereas in drier environments, maize had higher grain yield (14%) relative to rotated maize. Rotating maize with legumes increased NUE (56%) and protein contributions (65%) relative to Mz69. Grain yield of maize in SbRot consistently had the highest yield and was the most stable technology. Simple statistical models can be used to test multicrop stability. Integrating maize with legumes as intercrops or rotation can allow farmers to achieve high and stable yield under varying rainfall, with modest fertilizer investments.
Mobilya Tasarımında "Yeniden Kullanım": Tasarımdan Üretime Dönüşüm
Authors: Elibol Gülçin Cankız , Bezci İsmail , Dündar Türkkan Vildan , Varol Adem
Published: March 2019

Öz

Bu çalışma, “yeniden kullanım” kavramının
önemini mobilya tasarımı üzerinden vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Geri dönüşüm
konusunun bir alt başlığı olarak değerlendirilebilecek olan yeniden kullanım,
bir malzemenin ana işlevi veyahut başka işlevlerle birden fazla kez kullanımı
anlamına gelmektedir. Bu amaçla, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Güzel Sanatlar
Fakültesi, İç Mimarlık ve Çevre Tasarımı Bölümü son sınıf öğrencileriyle
yürütülmekte olan Mobilya Tasarımı dersi kapsamında bir çalışma
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, mobilya tasarımlarında hammadde
olarak, teneke kutu, eski gazete, çeşitli atık ambalajlar, otomobil lastiği,
atık ahşap, eski borular, plastik (pet) şişeler ve cam şişeler gibi çeşitli
atık malzemeler kullanılmıştır. Gruplar halinde yürütülen çalışma sonunda
tasarlanan mobilyalar için öngörülen malzemeler tamamen öğrenciler tarafından
toplanmış ve tasarlanan mobilyalar birebir ölçülerde üretilmiştir. Çalışma
sonunda ortaya çıkan tüm ürünler, birim binasında gerçekleştirilen Recyniture başlıklı sergide sergilenmiş;
çalışmalardan bazıları ise 2017 ARTANKARA 3. Çağdaş Sanatlar Fuarı’nda
sergilenmiştir. Bu makalede, yürütülen çalışmanın yaratıcı düşünce, malzeme
temini, tasarım ve üretim süreçleri bilimsel yaklaşımlarla incelenmiş ve
aktarılmıştır.
Occurrence of norovirus genogroups I and II in recreational water from four beaches in Belém city, Brazilian Amazon region
Authors: de Deus Danielle Rodrigues , Teixeira Dielle Monteiro , dos Santos Alves Jainara Cristina , Smith Vanessa Cavaleiro , da Silva Bandeira Renato , Siqueira Jones Anderson Monteiro , de Sá Morais Lena Líllian Canto , Resque Hugo Reis , Gabbay Yvone Benchimol
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to investigate the presence of norovirus (NoV) in recreational waters of four estuarine beaches located in Mosqueiro Island, Belém city, Brazilian Amazon, during two years of monitoring (2012 and 2013). NoV particles were concentrated on filtering membrane by the adsorption-elution method and detected by semi-nested RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and sequencing. NoV positivity was observed in 37.5% (39/104) of the surface water samples, with genogroup GI (69.2%) occurring at a higher frequency than GII (25.7%), with a cocirculation of both genogroups in two samples (5.1%). This virus was detected in all sampling points analyzed, showing the highest detection rate at the Paraíso Beach (46.2%). Statistically, there was a dependence relationship between tide levels and positive detection, with a higher frequency at high tide (46.7%) than at low tide (25%) periods. Months with the highest detection rates (April 2012 and April/May 2013) were preceded by periods of higher precipitation (March 2012 and February/March 2013). Phylogenetic analysis showed the circulation of the old pandemic variant (GII.4-US_95-96) and GI.8. The NoV detection demonstrated viral contamination on the beaches and evidenced the health risk to bathers, mainly through recreational activities such as bathing, and highlighted the importance of including enteric viruses research in the recreational water quality monitoring.
Recent Developments in the Separation of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Anticoagulants
Authors: Sadowski Radosław , Gadzała-Kopciuch Renata , Buszewski Bogusław
Published: March 2019

The general function of anticoagulants is to prevent blood clotting and growing
of the existing clots in blood vessels. In recent years, there has been a significant improvement
in developing methods of prevention as well as pharmacologic and surgical
treatment of thrombosis. For over the last two decades, low molecular weight heparins
(LMWHs) have found their application in the antithrombotic diseases treatment. These
types of drugs are widely used in clinical therapy. Despite the biological and medical importance
of LMWHs, they have not been completely characterized in terms of their
chemical structure. Due to both, the structural complexity of these anticoagulants and the
presence of impurities, their structural characterization requires the employment of advanced
analytical techniques. Since separation techniques play the key role in these endeavors,
this review will focus on the presentation of recent developments in the separation
of LMWH anticoagulants.
Modern Approach to Medical Diagnostics - the Use of Separation Techniques in Microorganisms Detection
Authors: Chylewska Agnieszka , Ogryzek Małgorzata , Makowski Mariusz
Published: March 2019

Background:

Analytical chemistry and biotechnology as an interdisciplinary fields of science have been developed during many years and are experiencing significant growth, to cover a wide range of microorganisms separation techniques and methods, utilized for medical therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Currently scientific reports contribute by introducing electrophoretical and immunological methods and formation of devices applied in food protection (avoiding epidemiological diseases) and healthcare (safety ensuring in hospitals).

Methods:

Electrophoretic as well as nucleic-acid-based or specific immunological methods have contributed tremendously to the advance of analyses in recent three decades, particularly in relation to bacteria, viruses and fungi identifications, especially in medical in vitro diagnostics, as well as in environmental or food protection.

Results:

The paper presents the pathogen detection competitiveness of these methods against conventional ones, which are still too time consuming and also labor intensive. The review is presented in several parts following the current trends in improved pathogens separation and detection methods and their subsequent use in medical diagnosis.

Discussion:

Part one, consists of elemental knowledge about microorganisms as an introduction to their characterization: descriptions of divisions, sizes, membranes (cells) components. Second section includes the development, new technological and practical solution descriptions used in electrophoretical procedures during microbes analyses, with special attention paid to bio-samples analyses like blood, urine, lymph or wastewater. Third part covers biomolecular areas that have created a basis needed to identify the progress, limitations and challenges of nucleic-acid-based and immunological techniques discussed to emphasize the advantages of new separative techniques in selective fractionating of microorganisms.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: An Efficient Nano-catalyst
Authors: Ahmad Tokeer , Phul Ruby , Khan Huma
Published: March 2019

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have attracted attention because of their idiosyncratic physicochemical characteristics and vast range of applications such as protein separations, catalysis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic sensors, drug delivery, and magnetic refrigeration. The activity of the catalyst depends on the chemical composition, particle size, morphology and also on the atomic arrangements at the surface. The catalytic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles can be easily altered by controlling the shape, size, morphology and surface modification of nanomaterials. This review is focused on the use of iron oxide as a catalyst in various organic reactions viz. oxidation, hydrogenation, C-C coupling, dihydroxylation reactions and its reusability/recoverability.
Microorganisms Isolated from Stored Meat in India, with Potential Antimicrobial Activity against Food Pathogens
Authors: Thangavel Gokila , Thiruvengadam Subramaniyan
Published: March 2019

Background:

World Health Organization has estimated that 1 in 10 people fall ill and 4, 20, 000 die every year from eating contaminated food. Food pathogens like Escherichia, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and Listeria pose a serious threat to human health.

Objective:

The objective was to isolate microbes from meat stored at refrigerated conditions and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the cell-free supernatant against food pathogens.

Methods:

Chicken and Pork samples were procured and stored at refrigerated conditions (4-7ºC) for 2 weeks. The samples were plated on to Nutrient agar (NA) and De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar for isolation of aerobic and lactic acid bacteria. Cell-free supernatants of the isolates were screened for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus by microtiter plate assay. The 5 most - effective strains were screened for hemolytic activity and identified by 16s rRNA sequencing.

Results:

A total of 110 strains were isolated, out of which the top 5 most - effective strains were all from MRS agar. They showed 88-90% inhibition against E. coli and S. typhimurium, whereas 60 to 70 % against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes. These strains were found to be non - hemolytic and were identified as Leuconostoc spp. namely, L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides J18, CP003101; L. mesenteroides LM2; L. mesenteroides ATCC 8293, CP000414; L. gelidum subsp. gasicomitatum LM G 18811 and L. mesenteroides; LM2, AY675249.

Conclusion:

Leuconostoc are known to be effective in controlling foodborne pathogens and therefore, these strains have the potential for application in food and human.
Comparison of Fentanyl, Remifentanil, Sufentanil and Alfentanil in Combination with Propofol for General Anesthesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Sridharan Kannan , Sivaramakrishnan Gowri
Published: March 2019

Background:

Opioid analgesics are commonly used along with propofol during general
anesthesia. Due to the dearth of data on the quality of anesthesia achieved with this combination,
the present meta-analysis was carried out.

Methods:

Electronic databases were searched for appropriate studies using a suitable search strategy.
Randomized clinical trials comparing the combination of remifentanil/sufentanil/alfentanil
with propofol with fentanyl and propofol, were included. The outcome measures were as follows:
total propofol dose to achieve the desired general anesthesia; time of onset and duration of general
anesthesia; depth of general anesthesia; and recovery time (time for eye-opening and time taken for
extubation). Risk of bias was assessed and Forest plots were generated for eligible outcomes. The
weighted mean difference [95% confidence intervals] was used as the effect estimate.

Results:

Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review and 13 were included in the metaanalysis.
Statistically significant differences were observed for remifentanil in comparison to fentanyl
when combined with propofol: Propofol dose (in mg) -76.18 [-94.72, -57.64]; time of onset of
anesthesia (min) -0.44 [-0.74, -0.15]; time taken for eye-opening (min) -3.95 [-4.8, -3.1]; and time
for extubation (min) -3.53 [-4.37, -2.7]. No significant differences were observed for either sufentanil
or alfentanil about the dose of propofol required and due to scanty data, pooling of the data
could not be attempted for other outcome measures for either sufentanil or alfentanil.

Conclusion:

To conclude, we found that remifentanil has a statistically significant anesthetic profile
than fentanyl when combined with propofol. Scanty evidence for both alfentanil and sufentanil
precludes any such confirmation.
New Monitoring Strategy for the Quality Control in the Processing Practice ofScutellariae Radix
Authors: Huang Qi , Cheng Chunsong , Li Lili , Peng Daiyin , Zhang Cun
Published: March 2019

Background:

Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) is commonly processed into 3 products for different clinical applications. However, a simple analytical method for quality control has rarely been reported to quickly estimate the degree of processing Huangqin or distinguish differently processed products or unqualified Huangqin products.

Objective:

To study a new strategy for quality control in the processing practice of Huangqin.

Methods:

Seven kinds of flavonoids that mainly exist in Huangqin were determined by HPLC-DAD. Chromatographic fingerprints were established to study the variation and discipline of the 3 processed products of Huangqin. PCA and OPLS-DA were used to classify differently processed products of Huangqin.

Results:

The results showed that baicalin and wogonoside were the main components in the crude and the alcohol Huangqin herb while baicalein and wogonin mainly existed in carbonized Huangqin. The results of mathematical statistics revealed that the processing techniques can make the quality of medicinal materials more uniform.

Conclusion:

This multivariate monitoring strategy is suitable for quality control in the processing of Huangqin.
Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Ibrutinib Encapsulated Poly (Lactic-co- Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles: Pharmacokinetic Evaluation in Rats
Authors: Alshetaili Abdullah S. , Ansari Mohammad J. , Anwer Md. K. , Ganaie Majid A. , Iqbal Muzaffar , Alshahrani Saad M. , Alalaiwe Ahmad S. , Alsulays Bader B. , Alshehri Sultan , Sultan Abdullah Saleh
Published: March 2019

Background:

The poor oral bioavailability of newly discovered chemical entities and marketed
formulations are usually related to poor aqueous solubility or poor permeability, leading to drug
failure in the development phases or therapeutic failure in a clinical setting. However, advancement in
drug formulations and delivery technologies have enabled scientists to improve the bioavailability of
formulations by enhancing solubility or permeability.

Objective:

This study reports the enhancement of the oral bioavailability of ibrutinib (IBR), a poorly
soluble anticancer drug in Wistar albino rats.

Methods:

IBR loaded nanoparticles were formulated through the nanoprecipitation method by utilizing
poly lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) as a safe, biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, and poloxamer
or pluronic 127 as a stabilizer. Animals were administered with a dose of 10 mg/kg of IBR suspension
or an equivalent amount of IBR loaded nanoparticles. Plasma samples were extracted and analyzed by
state of the art UPLC-MS/MS technique. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and bioavailability were
calculated by non-compartmental analysis.

Results:

There was an approximately 4.2-fold enhancement in the oral bioavailability of IBR-loaded
nanoparticles, as compared to the pure IBR suspension. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax;
574.31 ± 56.20 Vs 146.34 ± 5.37 ng/mL) and exposure (AUC; 2291.65 ± 263.83 vs 544.75 ± 48.33 ng*
h/mL) of IBR loaded nanoparticles were significantly higher than those exhibited through pure IBR
suspension.

Conclusion:

The outcomes of the present study suggested the potential of PLGA nanoparticles in the
enhancement of bioavailability and the therapeutic efficacy of IBR.
Metformin as a Radiation Modifier; Implications to Normal Tissue Protection and Tumor Sensitization
Authors: Mortezaee Keywan , Shabeeb Dheyauldeen , Musa Ahmed E. , Najafi Masoud , Farhood Bagher
Published: March 2019

Background:

Nowadays, ionizing radiation is used for several applications in medicine, industry, agriculture, and nuclear power generation. Besides the beneficial roles of ionizing radiation, there are some concerns about accidental exposure to radioactive sources. The threat posed by its use in terrorism is of global concern. Furthermore, there are several side effects to normal organs for patients who had undergone radiation treatment for cancer. Hence, the modulation of radiation response in normal tissues was one of the most important aims of radiobiology. Although, so far, several agents have been investigated for protection and mitigation of radiation injury. Agents such as amifostine may lead to severe toxicity, while others may interfere with radiation therapy outcomes as a result of tumor protection. Metformin is a natural agent that is well known as an antidiabetic drug. It has shown some antioxidant effects and enhances DNA repair capacity, thereby ameliorating cell death following exposure to radiation. Moreover, through targeting endogenous ROS production within cells, it can mitigate radiation injury. This could potentially make it an effective radiation countermeasure. In contrast to other radioprotectors, metformin has shown modulatory effects through induction of several genes such as AMPK, which suppresses reduction/ oxidation (redox) reactions, protects cells from accumulation of unrepaired DNA, and attenuates initiation of inflammation as well as fibrotic pathways. Interestingly, these properties of metformin can sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy.

Conclusion:

In this article, we aimed to review the interesting properties of metformin such as radioprotection, radiomitigation and radiosensitization, which could make it an interesting adjuvant for clinical radiotherapy, as well as an interesting candidate for mitigation of radiation injury after a radiation disaster.
Hydrolyzed Rutin Decreases Worsening of Anaplasia in Glioblastoma Relapse
Authors: de Oliveira Carlos Tadeu Parisi , Colenci Renato , Pacheco Cesar Cozar , Mariano Patrick Moro , do Prado Paula Ribeiro , Mamprin Gustavo Pignatari Rosas , Santana Maycon Giovani , Gambero Alessandra , de Oliveira Carvalho Patrícia , Priolli Denise Gonçalves
Published: March 2019

Background:

Gliomas are aggressive and resilient tumors. Progression to advanced stages
of malignancy, characterized by cell anaplasia, necrosis, and reduced response to conventional surgery
or therapeutic adjuvant, are critical challenges in glioma therapy. Relapse of the disease poses a considerable
challenge for management. Hence, new compounds are required to improve therapeutic response.
As hydrolyzed rutin (HR), a compound modified via rutin deglycosylation, as well as some
flavonoids demonstrated antiproliferative effect for glioblastoma, these are considered potential epigenetic
drugs.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine the antitumor activity and evaluate the potential
for modifying tumor aggressivity of rutin hydrolysates for treating both primary and relapsed glioblastoma.

Methods:

The glioblastoma cell line, U251, was used for analyzing cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis
and for establishing the GBM mouse model. Mice with GBM were treated with HR to verify antitumor
activity. Histological analysis was used to evaluate HR interference in aggressive behavior and
glioma grade. Immunohistochemistry, comet assay, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance
(TBARS) values were used to evaluate the mechanism of HR action.

Results:

HR is an antiproliferative and antitumoral compound that inhibits the cell cycle via a p53-
independent pathway. HR reduces tumor growth and aggression, mainly by decreasing mitosis and necrosis
rates without genotoxicity, which is suggestive of epigenetic modulation.

Conclusion:

HR possesses antitumor activity and decreases anaplasia in glioblastoma, inhibiting progression
to malignant stages of the disease. HR can improve the effectiveness of response to conventional
therapy, which has a crucial role in recurrent glioma.
A Comparison of Functional Features in Chinese and US Mobile Apps for Diabetes Self-Management: A Systematic Search in App Stores and Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Yuan , Zhou Yiling , Wang Xuan , Zhang Qi , Yao Xun , Li Xiaodan , Li Jianshu , Tian Haoming , Li Sheyu
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Mobile health interventions are widely used for self-management of diabetes, which is one of the most burdensome noncommunicable chronic diseases worldwide. However, little is known about the distribution of characteristics and functions of in-store mobile apps for diabetes.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the distribution of characteristics and functions of the in-store mobile apps for self-management of diabetes in the United States and China using a predefined functional taxonomy, which was developed and published in our previous study.

METHODS

We identified apps by searching diabetes in English or Chinese in the Apple iTunes Store and Android Markets (both in the United States and China) and included apps for diabetes self-management. We examined the validity and reliability of the predefined functional taxonomy with 3 dimensions: clinical module, functional module, and potential risk. We then classified all functions in the included apps according to the predefined taxonomy and compared the differences in the features of these apps between the United States and China.

RESULTS

We included 171 mobile diabetes apps, with 133 from the United States and 38 from China. Apps from both countries faced the challenges of evidence-based information, proper risk assessment, and declaration, especially Chinese apps. More Chinese apps provide app-based communication functions (general communication: Chinese vs US apps, 39%, 15/38 vs 18.0%, 24/133; P=.006 and patient-clinician communication: Chinese vs US apps, 68%, 26/38 vs 6.0%, 8/133; P<.001), whereas more US apps provide the decision-making module (Chinese vs US apps, 0%, 0/38 vs 23.3%, 31/133; P=.001), which is a high-risk module. Both complication prevention (Chinese vs US apps, 8%, 3/38 vs 3.8%, 5/133; P=.50) and psychological care (Chinese vs US apps, 0%, 0/38 vs 0.8%, 1/133; P>.99) are neglected by the 2 countries.

CONCLUSIONS

The distribution of characteristics and functions of in-store mobile apps for diabetes self-management in the United States was different from China. The design of in-store diabetes apps needs to be monitored closely.