bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of life and decision regret in patients with late‐hypothyroidism after radioiodine treatment for Graves' disease
Authors: Li Yue , Yang Tianyu , Ju Linjun , Feng Yuyue , Chen Zheng , Xiang Xing , Zhu Tao , Pang Hua , Wang Zhengjie
Published: November 2023

Objective

Patients with Graves' disease often engage in shared decision‐making to select an individualised treatment regimen from multiple options. Radioactive iodine (RAI) is one of the treatment choices for their condition, aims to improve quality of life and well‐being. Likewise, dissatisfaction with treatment outcomes can result in decision regret. We employed validated questionnaires to assess the prospective quality of life, decision regret and relative factors involved in decision‐making of patients with late hypothyroidism after RAI therapy.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted among patients in hypothyroidism status for more than 1 year after RAI therapy. Disease‐specific and generic QoL were assessed using the short form of thyroid‐related patient‐reported outcome (ThyPRO‐39) questionnaire. Patient satisfaction regarding their decision to undergo RAI was assessed using the Decision Regret Scale (DRS) and patients were asked about the importance of relative factors in decision‐making.

Results

Of 254 patients who responded to the survey, the mean age of patients was 45.3 years (range: 18–78 years) and the median time from RAI therapy to survey was 4 years (range: 1–30 years). Patients' median and mean DRS score were 34.4 and 38.8 (range: 0–100), respectively. A total of 100 (39.4%) patients express absent‐to‐mild regret (score: 0–25), 154 (60.6%) patients express moderate‐to‐severe regret (score: >25). The mean score of the absent‐to‐mild regret group were significantly higher than those of the moderate‐to‐severe regret group on most ThyPRO‐39 scales. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between DRS score and most ThyPRO‐39 scale score. There was a significant positive association between higher DRS score and longer time intervals after RAI treatment, a brief duration of hyperthyroidism, and the significance of long‐time outpatient follow‐up. More decision regret was negatively associated Iodine‐free diet, ineffectiveness of ATD, fear of surgery.

Conclusion

Impairment of quality of life was positively correlated with decision regret in patients with late‐hypothyroidism after radioiodine therapy. Patients with insufficient information support before decision‐making are more likely to have higher decision regret after treatment. Our findings suggest that health providers should fully communicate with patients and provide information support in multiple dimensions during the shared‐decision‐making process.
Factors influencing new‐onset hypertension in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Zhao LiBo , Gao YingHui , Xu WeiHao , Li KaiLiang , Liu Lin , Fan Li
Published: November 2023

Investigating the influencing factors of new‐onset hypertension in the elderly with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). 450 Chinese older patients with OSA who were non‐hypertensive at baseline were enrolled. All patients had undergone polysomnography monitoring in the multicenter study. The primary endpoint was incident hypertension. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were generated to determine the factors influencing new‐onset hypertension. A total of 176 (39.1%) patients developed hypertension. The hypertension group had older age, higher hemoglobin (Hb) level and apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) values than the non‐hypertension group (all p < 0.05). During the median 33‐month follow‐up period, multivariate Cox analysis showed age (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.039, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.016–1.062), AHI (HR = 1.015, 95% CI: 1.007–1.023) and Hb level (HR = 1.016, 95% CI: 1.008–1.025) were independent predictors of new‐onset hypertension. However, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP; HR = 0.508, 95% CI: 0.271–0.951) reduced the risk of developing hypertension. Notably, the subgroup analysis demonstrated that the plasma glucose level (HR = 1.168, 95% CI: 1.029–1.326) was a risk factor for male patients. Besides length of time with the pulse oxygen saturation less than 90% (Tsat90; HR = 1.005, 95% CI: 1.003–1.007), body mass index (BMI; HR = 1.170, 95% CI: 1.043–1.311), and dyslipidemia (HR = 2.335, 95% CI: 1.144–4.766) had statistically significant effects on the incidence of hypertension in certain subgroups. Although this study lacked analysis of items such as living habits and medication, it did show age, AHI, Hb and CPAP affected the development of hypertension in elderly OSA patients. These findings suggested that targeted interventions in specific populations may be more effective in preventing hypertension.
Second edition of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: Refining the role of salivary gland FNA
Authors: Rossi Esther Diana , Baloch Zubair , Barkan Guliz , Foschini Maria Pia , Kurtycz Daniel , Pusztaszeri Marc , Vielh Philippe , Faquin William C.
Published: November 2023

The use of standardised reporting systems for non‐gynaecologic cytopathology has made enormous gains in popularity during the past decade, including for thyroid fine‐needle aspiration, urine cytology, serous effusions, pancreas, lymph nodes, lung and more. In February 2018, the first edition of the Atlas of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was published. The MSRSGC defines six diagnostic fine‐needle aspiration categories encompassing the spectrum of non‐neoplastic, benign and malignant lesions of the salivary glands. The goal of the MSRSGC is to combine each diagnostic category with a defined risk of malignancy and a specific clinical and/or surgical management algorithm. Since its initial publication in 2018, more than 200 studies and commentaries have been published, confirming the role of the MSRSGC. The second edition of the MSRSGC, published in July 2023, includes refined risks of malignancy based on systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, a new chapter summarising the use of salivary gland imaging, new advances in ancillary testing and updates in nomenclature.
Ration health resources to save more statistical lives from cervical cancer death in Africa: Why are we allowing them to die?
Authors: Awua Adolf Kofi
Published: November 2023

Public health interventions, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), are implemented with the never‐ending challenge of limited resources and the ever‐present challenge of choosing between interventions. While necessary, the application of ethical analysis is absent in most of such decision‐making, resulting in fewer favourable consequences. In applying ethical principles to the saving of women from the burden of cervical cancer, I argue in favour of saving statistical lives (investing in prevention) in LMICs, by mapping the principles of justice in resource allocation to the prevailing circumstance. The key facts in this circumstance are that providing treatment (which is saving identified lives), involves mostly providing palliative treatment, which is associated with a high likelihood of death among the identified lives while undergoing treatment or shortly thereafter. I focus on the dilemma of having a national cancer prevention program versus the expansion of cancer treatment facilities.
Continuity of care and medical complexity in children and young people with cerebral palsy are distinct interrelated concepts
Authors: Fortin Olivier
Published: November 2023

This commentary is on the original article by Paget et al. on pages 733–743 of this issue.
Identifying priority areas for spatial management of mixed fisheries using ensemble of multi‐species distribution models
Authors: Panzeri Diego , Russo Tommaso , Arneri Enrico , Carlucci Roberto , Cossarini Gianpiero , Isajlović Igor , Krstulović Šifner Svjetlana , Manfredi Chiara , Masnadi Francesco , Reale Marco , Scarcella Giuseppe , Solidoro Cosimo , Spedicato Maria Teresa , Vrgoč Nedo , Zupa Walter , Libralato Simone
Published: November 2023

Spatial fisheries management is widely used to reduce overfishing, rebuild stocks, and protect biodiversity. However, the effectiveness and optimization of spatial measures depend on accurately identifying ecologically meaningful areas, which can be difficult in mixed fisheries. To apply a method generally to a range of target species, we developed an ensemble of species distribution models (e‐SDM) that combines general additive models, generalized linear mixed models, random forest, and gradient‐boosting machine methods in a training and testing protocol. The e‐SDM was used to integrate density indices from two scientific bottom trawl surveys with the geopositional data, relevant oceanographic variables from the three‐dimensional physical‐biogeochemical operational model, and fishing effort from the vessel monitoring system. The determined best distributions for juveniles and adults are used to determine hot spots of aggregation based on single or multiple target species. We applied e‐SDM to juvenile and adult stages of 10 marine demersal species representing 60% of the total demersal landings in the central areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Using the e‐SDM results, hot spots of aggregation and grounds potentially more selective were identified for each species and for the target species group of otter trawl and beam trawl fisheries. The results confirm the ecological appropriateness of existing fishery restriction areas and support the identification of locations for new spatial management measures.
Foreign language learning in a specialized institution: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Miller Zachary F. , Crowther Dustin
Published: November 2023

Specialized learning institutions (SLIs) feature organizational cultures, learning environments, and Postgraduation expectations that typically differ from traditional 4‐year universities. For students pursuing foreign language (FL) study within an SLI, coursework is frequently accompanied by a range of nonacademic tasks that are required for graduation. This exploratory study focuses on one such SLI, a US military academy. Four FL majors (i.e., cadets) completed seven interviews over 4 years of FL study. A narrative inquiry and thematic analyses of cadets' interview responses highlighted both opportunities for and challenges to FL study. Overseas immersions, applicability of FL learning to their future careers, and interactions with foreign cadets positively affected FL development, while increased nonacademic requirements and institution‐specific classes greatly limited time for FL study. This report can inform FL instructors at SLIs or SLI‐like organizations on how to make appropriate pedagogical decisions to both facilitate FL learning and help maintain FL motivation.
Movements of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), roach (Rutilus rutilus) and bream (Abramis brama) in a boreal lake, Lake Vesijärvi, Finland
Authors: Kotakorpi Matti , Olin Mikko , Ruuhijärvi Jukka , Kulo Katja , Lappalainen Jyrki
Published: November 2023

Movements of common fish species in large lakes that are inadequately known is challenging for fisheries management. Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) (n = 478; mean length = 42.1 cm; SD = 7.0), bream (Abramis brama) (n = 775; mean length = 31.1 cm; SD = 5.3) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) (n = 939; mean length = 21.4 cm; SD = 2.0) were marked with individual T‐anchor tags to investigate movements in Lake Vesijärvi, a large lake situated in southern Finland consisting of several basins and managing by multiple entities. All species moved between basins, but only rarely moved outside tagging areas. The recapture rate of pikeperch was higher than roach and bream. Tagged fish consistently crossed municipality borders and water ownership units, thereby forming shared stocks, which underlined the importance of cooperation in lake restoration and a need to unite fragmented water ownership. Management of fisheries for cyprinid fishes could be more efficient if fishing targeted the most suitable areas without considering restrictions due to fragmented water ownership. Tagging data provided information on which parts of a large lake should be subjected to uniform pikeperch fisheries management. The importance of other species catch varied between different parts of the lake, thereby requiring different fishing regulations. Tagging data on common fish species provided valuable information on fish movements to support spatially explicit fisheries management.
A tale of four cities: Neighbourhood diversification and residential desegregation in and around England's ‘no majority’ cities
Authors: Harris Richard
Published: November 2023

The publication of the 2021 Census data revealed that four English cities—Birmingham, Leicester, London and Manchester—are now ‘no majority’ cities, meaning that no ethnic group, including the White British, comprise a majority (more than half) of their populations. This paper explores the residential diversification of these cities to ask: whether that diversification is reflected in the average neighbourhood of all ethnic groups or just some; whether the decline in the number of White British means that ‘enclaves’ of other ethnic groups are emerging instead; whether the White British are avoiding living in diverse neighbourhoods; and whether a co‐occurrence of the diversification is that residential segregation between the White British and other groups is increasing within and beyond the boundaries of these cities. Using a harmonised set of cross‐census neighbourhoods to provide a consistent geography across the 2001, 2011 and 2021 censuses, the results show that the residential neighbourhoods of the four cities have increased their ethnic diversity for the average member of all ethnic groups. Despite some growth in the number of neighbourhoods where a group other than the White British form a majority, especially in Leicester, the overall conclusion is one of residential diversification happening alongside residential desegregation.
Oral health of older Koreans by region and family status in 2020–2021
Authors: Kim Eun‐Jeong , Kim Do‐Hee , Yu Ra‐Gyeom , Lee Ye‐Jin , Lee Ye‐Jin , Im Do‐Gyeong , Lee Hye‐Ju
Published: November 2023

Objective

To describe the oral health of older people by region and family status using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey.

Background

As the ageing of Korean society intensifies, health inequalities based on region and family status are also deepening.

Methods

Data from the 8th National Health and Nutrition Survey (2020–2021) conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used, and a total of 3437 older people aged 65 or older were selected as study participants. Chewing discomfort and oral health behaviours were assessed by region and family status using multivariable logistic regression analysis with the complex sample survey design.

Results

We found an association between living alone and greater chewing discomfort. Residing in rural areas was also associated with a higher prevalence of this. In urban areas, chewing discomfort was 1.27 times higher among older people living alone than in those not living alone, while in rural areas, the discomfort was 1.52 times higher among the older people who lived alone.

Conclusions

Region and family status were associated with greater chewing discomfort in older people. In Korean society, where the number of single‐person older people households is increasing, along with the ageing population, attention to resolving the disparities in oral health in older people is needed.
Exploring the spatial pattern and influencing factors of intercity capital flows from 2005 to 2019: A case study of Yangtze River Delta region, China
Authors: Li Zherui , Zhen Feng , Liu Wei
Published: November 2023

Existing research on inter‐regional capital flows commonly applied the proxy simulation method based on the location of financial firms in static snapshots, and took cities' centrality as the research object when discussing network influencing factors. It remains unclear how inter‐regional capital flow networks are present actually and how city‐dyad linkages are shaped. Based on real investment connections between listed firms and their investees in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2005 to 2019, this study provides fresh insights into the spatial pattern and influencing factors of intercity capital flows from the perspective of dynamic urban bilateral relations. Results indicate that the network in the YRD is in the transition stage of provincial integration and cross‐border integration. The central and western regions of the YRD are the current network “depression districts”, with cities in Anhui forming an independent network. The physical spatial scale of the origin city was the most robust facilitator of capital outflow, but it is not evident that obvious node attributes can match the destination city. Cultural proximity and functional proximity effectively promoted the shape of investment connections, but they also reflected the lack of long‐distance intercity links and cross‐border links. The establishment of metropolitan areas with overlapping members and the joint construction of industrial circles, living circles and transportation circles within metropolitan areas are effective ways to facilitate intercity capital flows in YRD.
Headache launches the publication of plain language summaries
Authors: Vallimont Jenn , Gibler Robert C. , Gelfand Amy A.
Published: November 2023

Plain Language Summary Publication: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/head.14647
Primary bone diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (PB‐DLBCL): a distinct extranodal lymphoma of germinal centre origin, with a common EZB‐like mutational profile and good prognosis
Authors: Ivanova Vanesa‐Sindi , Davies John , Menter Thomas , Wild Damian , Müller Anne , Krasniqi Fatime , Stenner Frank , Papachristofilou Alexandros , Dirnhofer Stefan , Tzankov Alexandar
Published: November 2023

Aims

Primary bone diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (PB‐DLBCL) is not recognized as a separate entity by the current classification systems. Here we define and highlight its distinctive clinical presentation, morphology, phenotype, gene expression profile (GEP), and molecular genetics.

Methods

We collected 27 respective cases and investigated their phenotype, performed gDNA panel sequencing covering 172 genes, and carried out fluorescence in situ hybridization to evaluate MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 translocations. We attempted to genetically subclassify cases using the Two‐step classifier and performed GEP for cell‐of‐origin subtyping and in silico comparison to uncover up‐ and downregulated genes as opposed to other DLBCL.

Results

Most cases (n = 22) were germinal centre B‐cell‐like (GCB) by immunohistochemistry and all by GEP. Additionally, PB‐DLBCL had a mutational profile similar to follicular lymphoma and nodal GCB‐DLBCL, with the exception of more frequent TP53 and B2M mutations. The GEP of PB‐DLBCL was unique, and the frequency of BCL2 rearrangements was lower compared to nodal GCB‐DLBCL. The Two‐step classifier categorized eight of the cases as EZB, three as ST2, and one as MCD.

Conclusion

This study comprehensively characterizes PB‐DLBCL as a separate entity with distinct clinical and morpho‐molecular features. These insights may aid in developing tailored therapeutic strategies and shed light on its pathogenesis.
Chronic alcohol and nicotine consumption as catalyst for systemic inflammatory storm and bone destruction in apical periodontitis
Authors: Pinto Karem Paula , Fidalgo Tatiana Kelly da Silva , de Lima Carolina Oliveira , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , Freitas‐Fernandes Liana Bastos , Valente Ana Paula , Sassone Luciana Moura , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal
Published: November 2023

Aim

To assess the periapical alveolar bone pattern and the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, biochemical markers and metabolites in rats subjected to chronic alcohol and nicotine consumption and induced apical periodontitis.

Methodology

Twenty‐eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, Alcohol, Nicotine and Alcohol+Nicotine. The alcohol groups were exposed to self‐administration of a 25% alcohol solution, while the other groups were given only filtered water. The nicotine groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of a nicotine solution (0.19 μL of nicotine/mL), whereas the other groups received saline solution. Periapical lesions were induced by exposing the pulps of the left mandibular first molars for 28 days. After euthanasia, the mandibles were removed and the percentage bone volume, bone mineral density, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation and trabecular number of the periapical bone were measured using micro‐computed tomography images. Serum samples were collected for analysis of proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐6 and TNF‐α), biochemical and metabolomic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of 5%. Nonparametric data were analysed using the Kruskal‐Wallis test followed by Dunn's test, while one‐way anova followed by Tukey's test was performed for parametric data.

Results

The groups exposed to alcohol or nicotine consumption exhibited an altered bone pattern indicating lower bone density and higher levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α compared to the Control group (p < .05). Significant differences were observed among the groups in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, albumin, uric acid, bilirubin and calcium. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant differences in glycine, phosphocholine, lysine, lactate, valine, pyruvate and lipids (CH2CH2CO), n(CH2) and n(CH3). Most of these parameters were even more altered in the simultaneous consumption of both substances compared to single consumption.

Conclusion

Alcohol and nicotine chronic consumption altered several metabolic markers, impaired liver and kidney function, increased the production of systemic proinflammatory mediators and harmed the periapical bone microarchitecture in the presence of apical periodontitis. The simultaneous consumption of alcohol and nicotine intensified these detrimental effects.
Global cone‐beam computed tomography adoption, usage and scan interpretation preferences of dentists and endodontists
Authors: Cheung Monique Charlene , Peters Ove Andreas , Parashos Peter
Published: November 2023

Aim

This study investigated the adoption of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) by dentists and endodontists around the world, including their preferences in endodontic CBCT usage.

Methodology

An online questionnaire surveyed dental association members in Australia and New Zealand, and endodontic association members in Australia, Britain, Canada, Italy, New Zealand and the USA, about their CBCT training history, considerations in acquisition/interpretation, access to and usage of CBCT, preferred scan interpreter, and preferred endodontic scan settings. Data were analysed with Chi‐squared, independent samplet‐tests, Cochran'sQand McNemar's tests.

Results

Responses from 578 endodontic specialists or postgraduates (Group E) and 185 non‐endodontic dentists (Group NE) were included. Continuing professional education (CPE) was the most common source of CBCT training (69.2%). Factors considered in CBCT acquisition/interpretation included beam hardening (75.4%), radiation exposure (61.1%) and patient movement (58.3%). Group E reported higher CBCT usage (90.8%) than Group NE (45.4%,p < .001) and greater workplace access to CBCT (81.1% vs. 25.9%,p < .001). Scans were interpreted by the respondent in most workplace scans (83.3%) and externally taken scans (60.5%); Group E were significantly more likely to interpret themselves than Group NE. Small field of view (83.6%) and high resolution (86.6%) were most preferred as settings for endodontic CBCTs; Group NE were less likely to choose these settings. There were some geographic variations within Group E.

Conclusions

CBCT training was most commonly acquired via CPE. Endodontic respondents reported very high CBCT usage and access in the workplace. There are educational implications regarding CBCT limitations, appropriate applications and interpretation.
Evaluating the effects of dyadic intervention for informal caregivers of palliative patients with lung cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Xin , Jiang Li , Peng Xi , Xu Ling , Huang Lingling , Wan Qunfang
Published: November 2023

Aim

To investigate the effects of dyadic intervention on anxiety, depression, care burden and quality of life in informal caregivers of palliative patients with lung cancer.

Background

Informal caregivers of palliative lung cancer patients bear a large number of negative emotions during the process of caring for the patients. Dyadic intervention has the potential for improving them but the overall effect is unclear.

Design

A systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Data sources

All randomized controlled trials were retrieved from the following databases until 4 May 2023: Web of Science, Embase Ovid, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Randomized Controlled Trials, Weipu, Wanfang and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases.

Review methods

This review was performed by Stata 12.0 and Review Manager 5.3.

Results

Thirteen randomized controlled trials were in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria (n = 1807). The results revealed that dyadic intervention significantly improved family caregivers' anxiety, depression and caregiver burden of palliative patients with lung cancer. There was no significant difference in quality of life between the dyadic intervention group and family caregivers who did not receive the dyadic intervention.

Conclusions

Dyadic intervention positively impacts the experience of family caregivers of palliative patients with lung cancer.
Does understanding what a test measures make a difference? On the relevance of the ability to identify criteria for situational judgment test performance
Authors: Reznik Nomi , Krumm Stefan , Freudenstein Jan‐Philipp , Heimann Anna L. , Ingold Pia , Schäpers Philipp , Kleinmann Martin
Published: November 2023

Situational judgment tests (SJTs) are low‐fidelity simulations that are often used in personnel selection. Previous research has provided evidence that the ability to identify criteria (ATIC)—individuals' capability to detect underlying constructs in nontransparent personnel selection procedures—is relevant in simulations in personnel selection, such as assessment centers and situational interviews. Building on recent theorizing about response processes in SJTs as well as on previous empirical results, we posit that ATIC predicts SJT performance. We tested this hypothesis across two preregistered studies. In Study 1, a between‐subjects planned‐missingness design (N = 391 panelists) was employed and 55 selected items from five different SJTs were administered. Mixed‐effects‐modeling revealed a small effect for ATIC in predicting SJT responses. Results were replicated in Study 2 (N = 491 panelists), in which a complete teamwork SJT was administered with a high‐ or a low‐stakes instruction and showed either no or a small correlation with ATIC, respectively. We compare these findings with other studies, discuss implications for our understanding of response processes in SJTs, and derive avenues for future research.
Changes in the quality of life of adults with an ostomy during the first year after surgery as part of the Best Practice Spotlight Organisation® Programme
Authors: Martín‐Gil Belén , Rivas‐González Noel , Santos‐Boya Teresa , López María , Jiménez José‐María , Redondo‐Pérez Natán , del Río‐García Isaías , Berdón‐ Berdón María , Fernández‐Castro Mercedes
Published: November 2023

The aim was to analyse changes in the perceived quality of life of patients with an ostomy during the first year after surgery at two or three follow‐ups. This is a prospective study of a cohort of 55 patients who were ostomised between June 2021 and September 2022 and cared for under the recommendations set out in the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario® best practice guideline Supporting Adults Who Anticipate or Live with an Ostomy as part of the Best Practice Spotlight Organisation® (BPSO®) programme. The Stoma Quality of Life tool was used. A univariate analysis was performed to identify variables associated with a non‐improvement in quality of life. Variables showing p < 0.1 were included in a multivariate model. Patients with an ostomy exhibited a moderate‐to‐good perception of quality of life in both the personal and social dimensions, with no worsening over the first year. Being female (OR = 10.32) and being younger (OR = 0.89) were associated with a higher risk of no improvement in quality of life. The most frequent complications were urinary leakage (p = 0.027) and dermatitis (p = 0.052) at first follow‐up; and parastomal hernia (p = 0.009) and prolapse (p = 0.05) at third follow‐up. However, they did not lead to a worsening of quality of life, suggesting that these patients were adequately supported under the BPSO® programme.
Risk factors for surgical site infections following open reduction and internal fixation in patients with tibial plateau fractures
Authors: Sun Shuaishuai , Yang Guang , Zhang Yuze , Liu Yisi
Published: November 2023

This retrospective cohort study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative wound infections in patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation for tibial plateau fractures. The study was conducted between January 2019 and December 2022, with stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected from the Electronic Health Record system, including demographic information, lifestyle habits, comorbid conditions and surgical variables like preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores. The IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 27.0, was utilized for rigorous statistical analyses. Univariate analysis identified several factors, such as body mass index (BMI), smoking status and diabetes mellitus, as significant predictors of postoperative wound infection. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that BMI, type of fracture (open vs. closed), surgery duration exceeding 150 min, preoperative albumin levels below 35 g/L and preoperative ASA score of 3 or higher were significant independent risk factors (p < 0.05). Patients with open fractures, preoperative malnutrition, elevated preoperative ASA scores and a history of smoking are at a heightened risk of developing postoperative wound infections. Timely preoperative evaluation of these risk factors is crucial for minimizing the risk of surgical site infections and optimizing clinical management.
Exploring men's struggles with infertility: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Abdullahzadeh Mehrdad , Vanaki Zohreh , Mohammadi Eesa , Mohtashami Jamileh
Published: November 2023

Aim

To investigate the experiences of men struggling with infertility.

Design

This is a qualitative study, and the report follows the COREQ checklist.

Methods

A team of nurse researchers conducted this research in Iran to examine the experiences of 11 men with primary infertility. The participants were selected through targeted sampling and underwent in‐depth semi‐structured interviews. The data collected was analysed using the conventional content analysis method outlined by Krippendorff. To ensure the study's accuracy, it followed the criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba.

Results

The central theme, “the threat to masculinity,” was identified upon analysis. It comprises six categories: psychological pressure of confronting reality, frustration, discomfort with others, holding out against ridicule, tolerating unwanted opinions and advice and concealment of infertility and therapy.

Conclusion

This study brings attention to the challenge to masculinity that men with primary infertility face as their central struggle. It highlights the importance of culturally sensitive care from healthcare professionals, emotional support, counselling services and public awareness to reduce the stigma surrounding male infertility. It can be valuable to evaluate and enhance infertility care in various settings.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

To provide the best possible care for infertile men, it would be beneficial for nurses to pay more attention to sociocultural factors. Fertility care should be respectful of patients' beliefs and backgrounds.

Impact

What problem did the study address?

Infertility care has been the subject of recent research, focusing on the impact of sociocultural factors.

Male‐factor infertility is often overlooked in clinical care literature.

There is a correlation between cultural background and men's acceptance of reproductive healthcare.

What were the main findings?

Male infertility is often avoided in discussions due to its perceived threat to masculinity.

Multiple factors, including societal norms, cultural expectations and personal experiences, influence the nature of men's struggles with infertility.

Providing emotional support and counselling services is crucial so that men can openly discuss their fertility challenges and seek treatment without feeling ashamed or judged.

Where and on whom will the research have an impact?

Raising public awareness and providing education about male infertility is crucial.

Nurses must exhibit cultural sensitivity while caring for men experiencing infertility.

Policymakers need to implement strategies to reduce the stigma surrounding male infertility.

Reporting Method

The study is reported using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).

Patient or Public Contribution

No public or patient involvement.
Sensing of concealed ventricular extrasystoles by pacemakers. Fifty years later
Authors: Barold S. Serge , Kucher Andreas
Published: November 2023

Whether a pacemaker can sense concealed ventricular extrasystoles still remains debatable since its occurrence was first proposed in 1972. It must remain a diagnosis of exclusion if it really exists. Isoelectric complexes and all the causes of oversensing especially discrete false signals generated by a defective pacemaker lead must be excluded before concealed ventricular extrasystoles can be postulated.
Bipolar ablation of ventricular arrhythmias: Step‐by‐step
Authors: Futyma Piotr , Chen Shaojie , Enriquez Andres , Pürerfellner Helmut , Santangeli Pasquale
Published: November 2023

Radiofrequency (RF) ablation of intramural ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) may require advanced ablation techniques to achieve effective energy transfer to the targeted tissue. As an alternative to standard RF ablation, catheter ablation can also be conducted in bipolar configuration when two ablation catheters participate in the RF circuit. This strategy has proved to result in deeper lesion formation and may be effective for eliminating arrhythmias that have been refractory to standard ablation. In this article, we provide a step‐by‐step guide on when and how to perform bipolar ablation of VAs.
A bibliometric analysis of trends in the application of platelet‐rich plasma in cosmetics research between 2001 and 2022
Authors: Feng Wei , Yang Lichang , Li Jingyu , Chen Yan , Yao Bin
Published: November 2023

Background

Several studies have been conducted on using platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) to treat cosmetic issues. Nonetheless, no bibliometric analyses of publications in this field exist. Bibliometrics is an effective tool for methodically assessing the current state of research on a particular topic. This study examines the literature published in this field since 2000 and depicts the resulting network.

Methods

The Web of Science Core Collection was searched for any publications mentioning the use of PRP in cosmetic or aesthetic therapy published between 2001 and 2022. The author, region, institution, journal, cited journal, and keywords were extracted, and the bibliometric analysis was carried out using CiteSpace and R studio.

Results

There were a total of 306 items retrieved. The first publication in this field appeared in 2001, and the number of articles published increased over the next 21 years. Saedi Nazanin is the author with the most publications. The most prolific nations and institutions were the United States and the Fourth Military Medical University, respectively. Similarly, most articles and citations were found in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. After performing a cluster analysis on the keywords of published publications, we discovered that most of the published literature focused on using PRP in rejuvenation, mechanism, and combination with MSCs. These topics are still at the frontier of future research.

Conclusion

Since the first study in this field was published in 2001, PRP used in cosmetic clinics has been studied. Although early effects have been observed, numerous challenges remain, including a lack of higher‐quality clinical studies and explanations of PRP's mechanism. The bibliometric analysis conducted for the purpose of this article provides a summary of academic hotspots and research frontiers, as well as insights and pointers for future productive research.
The link between singlehood in young adulthood and effects of romantic separation
Authors: van den Berg Lonneke , Verbakel Ellen
Published: November 2023

Objective

This article aims to uncover long‐term effects of singlehood after leaving home by examining whether individuals fare better after separation from their first cohabiting partner if they were not immediately coupled after leaving home.

Background

Singlehood after leaving home offers young people the opportunity to invest in their development, and social and economic resources. From a life‐course perspective, it is expected that these investments may advance their resilience to instability later in life. These long‐term effects are expected to be gender specific.

Method

This article employs longitudinal data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel, following individuals over a five‐year period around separation. Using individuals fixed effects models, we estimate life satisfaction and labor earnings before and after separation from the first cohabiting partner.

Results

This article finds a decline in life satisfaction after separation for all groups. Among men, declines in life satisfaction after separation were smaller if they were initially single and if they were single for a longer period, providing support for the resilience hypothesis. Among women, earnings after separation improved most if they were immediately coupled after leaving home. An ad hoc explanation for the latter finding is that initially single women already earned more and had to make fewer adjustments to cope with separation effects. The length of singlehood was not related to separation effects on earnings.

Conclusion

This article shows that singlehood in young adulthood may have a developmental function over the life‐course, buffering some of the negative effects of separation.
Cover Image
Authors: Wils Leon J. , Poell Jos B. , Peferoen Laura A. N. , Evren Ilkay , Brouns Elisabeth R. , de Visscher Jan G. A. M. , van der Meij Erik H. , Brakenhoff Ruud H. , Bloemena Elisabeth
Published: November 2023

The cover image is based on the Original Article The role of differentiated dysplasia in the prediction of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia by Leon J. Wils et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.13483. Image Credit: Wim Vos.

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Cumulative contextual risk, mothers' and fathers' parenting, and adolescents' psychosocial problems in Ghana
Authors: Salaam Braima
Published: November 2023

Limited research exists on the association between cumulative risk factors and the psychosocial well‐being of adolescents in low‐income, culturally distinct settings. This study aimed to fill this gap by examining the impact of cumulative risk exposure on Ghanaian adolescents' psychosocial problems and exploring the mediating role of parenting. The study involved 212 adolescents (61% girls; average age = 13.38) who completed measures on cumulative risk, maternal and paternal warmth, behavioral control, anxiety, depression, overt aggression, and relational aggression. The results indicated that cumulative risk indirectly influenced adolescents' depression and overt aggression through paternal warmth. Furthermore, paternal behavioral control mediated the relationship between cumulative risk and adolescents' overt aggression. Findings highlight the importance of fathers' parenting in mediating cumulative risk effects.
Primary production of the kelp Lessonia corrugata varies with season and water motion: Implications for coastal carbon cycling
Authors: Nardelli Allyson E. , Visch Wouter , Farrington Glenn , Sanderson J. Craig , Bellgrove Alecia , Wright Jeffrey T. , Macleod Catriona , Hurd Catriona L.
Published: November 2023

Kelp forests provide vital ecosystem services such as carbon storage and cycling, and understanding primary production dynamics regarding seasonal and spatial variations is essential. We conducted surveys at three sites in southeast Tasmania, Australia, that had different levels of water motion, across four seasons to determine seasonal primary production and carbon storage as living biomass for kelp beds of Lessonia corrugata (Order Laminariales). We quantified blade growth, erosion rates, and the variation in population density and estimated both the net biomass accumulation (NBA) per square meter and the carbon standing stock. We observed a significant difference in blade growth and erosion rates between seasons and sites. Spring had the highest growth rate (0.02 g C · blade−1 · d−1) and NBA (1.62 g C · m−2 · d−1), while summer had the highest blade erosion (0.01 g C · blade−1 · d−1), with a negative NBA (−1.18 g C · m−2 · d−1). Sites exhibiting lower blade erosion rates demonstrated notably greater NBA than sites with elevated erosion rates. The sites with the highest water motion had the slowest erosion rates. Moreover, the most wave‐exposed site had the densest populations, resulting in the highest NBA and a greater standing stock. Our results reveal a strong seasonal and water motion influence on carbon dynamics in L. corrugata populations. This knowledge is important for understanding the dynamics of the carbon cycle in coastal regions.
Healthcare resource utilisation and costs in patients with treated obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Sterling Kimberly L. , Alpert Naomi , Cistulli Peter A. , Pépin Jean‐Louis , More Suyog , Cole Kate V. , Malhotra Atul ,   the medXcloud group
Published: November 2023

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent yet underdiagnosed disease that creates a large economic burden on the United States healthcare system. In this retrospective study, we tested the hypothesis that adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy, the ‘gold standard’ treatment for OSA, is associated with reduced healthcare resource utilisation and costs. We linked de‐identified payer‐sourced medical claims and objective PAP usage data for patients newly diagnosed with OSA. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to create balanced groups of patients who were either adherent, intermediately adherent, or non‐adherent to PAP therapy. From a sample of 179,542 patients (average age 52.5 years, 61% male), 37% were adherent, 40% intermediate, and 23% non‐adherent. During the first year, PAP adherence was significantly associated with fewer emergency room visits (mean [SD] adherent: 0.39 [1.20] versus intermediate: 0.47 [1.30], p < 0.001; versus non‐adherent: 0.54 [1.44], p < 0.001), all‐cause hospitalisations (mean [SD] adherent: 0.09 [0.43] versus intermediate: 0.12 [0.51], p < 0.001; versus non‐adherent: 0.13 [0.55], p < 0.001), and lower total costs (mean [SD] adherent $5874 [8045] versus intermediate $6523 [9759], p < 0.001; versus non‐adherent $6355 [10,517], p < 0.001). Results were similar in the second year of PAP use. These results provide additional evidence from a large, diverse sample to support the diagnosis and treatment of OSA and encourage long‐term adherence to PAP therapy.
Environmental filtering along a bathymetric gradient: A metabarcoding meta‐analysis of free‐living nematodes
Authors: Macheriotou Lara , Derycke Sofie , Vanreusel Ann
Published: November 2023

Identifying and understanding patterns of biological diversity is crucial at a time when even the most remote and pristine marine ecosystems are threatened by resource exploitation such as deep‐seabed mining. Metabarcoding provides the means through which one can perform comprehensive investigations of diversity by examining entire assemblages simultaneously. Nematodes commonly represent the most abundant infaunal metazoan group in marine soft sediments. In this meta‐analysis, we compiled all publicly available metabarcoding datasets targeting the 18S rRNA v1‐v2 region from sediment samples to conduct a global‐scale examination of nematode amplicon sequence variant (ASV) alpha diversity patterns and phylogenetic community structure at different depths and habitats. We found that nematode ASV richness followed a parabolic trend, increasing from the intertidal to the shelf, reaching a maximum in the bathyal and decreasing in the abyssal zone. No depth‐ or habitat‐specific assemblages were identified as a large fraction of genera were shared. Contrastingly, the vast majority of ASVs were unique to each habitat and/or depth zone; genetic diversity was thus highly localized. Overwhelmingly, nematode ASVs in all habitats exhibited phylogenetic clustering, pointing to environmental filtering as the primary force defining community assembly rather than competitive interactions. This finding stresses the importance of habitat preservation for the maintenance of marine nematode diversity.
The impact of running on gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Baart A. Mireille , Mensink Marco , Witteman Ben J. M.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Physical activity has been suggested to alleviate gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); however, evidence is scarce. Running has become increasingly popular and may be beneficial for patients with IBS. To obtain more insight in the potential application of running as therapy, we aimed to explore the impact of running and its intensity on GI symptoms in patients with IBS.

Methods

Data from a large observational study in runners were used for this nested case–control study, which included 153 runners with IBS and 153 controls. All participants had completed a questionnaire on personal characteristics, running characteristics and GI symptoms. Regarding GI symptoms, the severity of nine symptoms was asked, both at rest and during and/or shortly (up to 3 h) after running. Each symptom could be scored on a scale from 0 (not bothersome) to 100 (very bothersome), resulting in a maximum total score of 900 points.

Key Results

The prevalence and total severity score of GI symptoms were higher in runners with IBS than in controls, both at rest and during running. Among runners with IBS, the median (25th–75th percentile) total severity score during/after running was significantly lower than at rest (118 [50–200] vs. 150 [90–217]), while in controls no significant difference between running and rest was observed. Analyses stratified for running intensity revealed that the beneficial effect in runners with IBS was present when their most intensive training session was moderately intensive or intensive but not very intensive.

Conclusions & Inferences

Running, particularly on moderate intensity, could have a beneficial effect on GI symptoms in patients with IBS.