bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN POLA KONSUMSI MAKANAN TINGGI PURIN TERHADAP KEKAMBUHAN GOUT ARTRITIS DI POLI KLINIK PENYAKIT DALAM RS PERTAMEDIKA UMMI ROSNATI BANDA ACEH
Authors: Ansyarullah Alfina , Cahyady Edy , Zurriyani Zurriyani
Published: August 2021

.Penyakit gout merupakan penyakit degeneratif yang sangat mengganggu kualitas hidup. Jumlah pasien gout cenderung meningkat dan kebanyakan tergolong pada kelompok usia produktif. Jenis dan jumlah makanan dapat menjadi salah satu penyebab terdiagnosis gout.Konsumsi makanan tinggi purin merupakan salah satu faktor resiko terhadap kekambuhan gout artritis.Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode observasional analitik dan pendekatan secara cross sectional dengan sampel yang terdiri dari 35 responden. Teknik pemilihan sampel menggunakan total sampling dengan alat pengumpul data berupa kuesioner pola makanan tinggi purin  dan frekuensi kekambuhan nyeri. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil dari hasil penelitian didapatkan 6 orang(17,14%) yang memiliki pola makan baik dan jarang mengalami kekambuhan gout artritis. Dari 29 orang (82,9%) yang memiliki pola makan buruk, 8 responden ( 22,85%) mengalami jarang kekambuhan nyeri dan 21 responden (60,01%) sering mengalami kekambuhan. Dari hasil analisis data didapatkan nilai P value = 0,005 (α=0,05) yang berarti  Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan antara konsumsi makanan tinggi purin dengan kekambuhan gout artritis. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian mengindikasikan pentingnya edukasi tentang  pengaturan pola makanan tinggi purin yang baik terhadap pasien gout untuk mencegah terjadinya kekambuhan gout  artritis.
PERBANDINGAN POLA SENSITIVITAS BAKTERI TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK DI RUANG ICU DAN RUANG RAWAT INAP NON ICU DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH Dr. H. ABDUL MOELOK BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Hidayat Hidayat , Izzuddin Abdurrohman , Santibudi Sanjoto , Novpriani Sari
Published: August 2021

Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional atau secara berlebih dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya resistensi dan multi drug resisten pada bakteri. Ruang ICU merupakan salah satu ruang rawat dengan penggunaan antibiotik yang lebih banyak selain ruang rawat lainnya. Hal ini yang menyebabkan sering ditemukan bakteri yang sudah multi drug resisten di ruang ICU. untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan pola sensitivitas bakteri terhadap antibiotik di ruang ICU dan ruang rawat inap Non ICU Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr.H.Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung periode Juli-Desember 2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Sampel penelitian ini adalah hasil pemeriksaan kultur resistensi dari 525 pasien di ruang ICU dan ruang rawat inap Non ICU yang mendapat terapi antibiotik periode Juli-Desember 2019. Diperoleh dari Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Instalasi Patologi Klinik RSUD Dr.H.Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung. Uji statistik menggunakan uji univariat. Data ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi. Hasil uji kultur dan resistensi periode Juli-Desember 2019 didaptkan, pada ruang ICU didapatkan bakteri tertinggi, yaitu Klebsiella pneumoniae (18%) masi sensitif terhadap antibiotik Meropenem (91,7%) dan pada ruang rawat inap Non ICU didapatkan bakteri tertinggi, yaitu Staphylococcus sp (23%) yang masi sensitif terhadap Meropenem (90,2%).
PERBANDINGAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA SAMPEL DARAH 3 mL, 2 mL, DAN 1 mL DENGAN ANTIKOAGULAN K2EDTA DI UTD RSUD DR. H. ABDUL MOELOEK BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Syuhada Syuhada , Izzuddin Abdurrahman , Agustin Feri
Published: August 2021

Dalam pemeriksaan hematologi, pada saat pengambilan sampel darah terjadi kondisi dimana sampel darah yang didapatkan terkadang tidak mencukupi standar volume tabung vacutainer sehingga sampel darah yang diperiksa tidak sesuai dengan standar antikoagulan. Yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan hasil pemeriksaan hematologi yang kurang akurat. Antikoagulan yang sering dipakai pada pemeriksaan hematologi adalah EDTA and pada penelitian ini antikoagulan yang dipakai adalah K2EDTA. Pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin sendiri merupakan salah satu pemeriksaan yang penting untuk menegakan diagnosa penyakit anemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan hasil pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin pada volume sampel darah 3 mL, 2 mL, dan 1 mL dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang dilakukan di UTD RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung. Subjek penelitian berjumLah 40 orang responden yang diambil dengan teknik convenience dengan total 120 sampel darah. Darah diambil sebanyak 6 mL pada setiap orangnya yang kemudian dibagi kedalam tiga tabung vacutainer K2EDTA 3 mL dengan volume 1 mL, 2 mL, dan 3 mL. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik parametrik yaitu One Way Anova dengan SPSS 26. Pada uji parametrik One Way Anova didapatkan hasil 0,0952 (p-value 0,05) sehingga perbedaan antara volume 1 mL, 2 mL, dan 3 mL dianggap tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap hasil pemeriksaan kadar haemoglobin antar volume 1 mL, 2 mL, dan 3 mL dalam tabung vacutainer K2EDTA.
AKTIVITAS LARVASIDA INFUSA DAUN SELEDRI (Apium graveolens L.) TERHADAP MORTALITAS LARVA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti
Authors: Susanti Gita , Komalasari Oom , Rahayu Aini Ria
Published: August 2021

Daun seledri mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, saponin, dan minyak atsiri yang bermanfaat sebagai larvasida. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivitas larvasida infusa daun seledri terhadap mortalitas larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan metode Randomized Post Only Control Group Design. Konsentrasi mortalitas infusa terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang digunakan yaitu5% v/v, 10% v/v, dan 15% v/v. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah larva yang mati dalam 24 jam. Hasil penelitian didapatkan mortalitas larva pada konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 15% masing-masing sebesar 66,6%, 90%, dan 96%.Dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi infusa daun seledri 10% sudah memiliki aktivitas larvasida terhadap Aedes aegypti.
Climate Change and Mental Health: A Snapshot of Arctic Indigenous People’s Resiliency and Suffering as the World Transforms
Authors: Madden Caitlyn
Published: August 2021

For years, the Arctic region, home to 4 million people, ten percent of whom are indigenous, has provided an example of rapidly changing climate patterns impinging on human ability to adapt to the change (Arctic Centre, University of Lapland). The Circumpolar region has experienced warming at a rate roughly two to three times greater than …
Glacial Water Melt in Greenland: Resource for the Future
Authors: Stausland Kristian , Einarsson Reynis Einar Torfi
Published: August 2021

Introduction Research into the cause and effect of increased thawing in permafrost areas and rising sea level has led to the conclusion that without extensive decrease in carbon emissions, future generations may be presented with severely different global conditions (IPCC, n.d.). This condition could make populated areas uninhabitable and leave others with limited possibilities for …
Sustainable Development of Arctic Oil and Gas: Indigenous Peoples’ Rights and Benefit-Sharing.
Authors: Alubankudi Thelma Sefakor
Published: August 2021

How would you feel if foreigners encroached on your natural resources for commercial exploitation without your consent and had no agreement with you regarding the sharing of benefits generated from its use? This is the case for vulnerable Arctic populations and Indigenous peoples. The Arctic is known as a vast storehouse of potential resources. Oil …
An Analysis of the Studies on “The Values in Children’s Literature Products” in Turkey
Authors: Kurtdede Fidan Nuray , Ulu Hacer
Published: August 2021

It is seen that the number of studies dealing with the values in children‟s literary products has been increased. Although there are many reviews on the studies concerning with value education, these reviews do not provide some significant details about these studies. This study has provided a content analysis of the studies on the values in children‟s literature. In order to achieve this aim a total of 136 studies carried out in the period between 2007-2020 were analyzed. Of these studies 44 were articles and 92 were theses. The data were first collected through the “form of publication classification on the values in children's literature works”. It has been found that the values in children's literature works are mostly analyzed in master‟s thesis. Within these studies the most frequently analyzed literary genre has also been found to be stories. In the master‟s thesis there are analyses on a single work or on multiple works. It has been also found that the literary works analyzed are mostly by Turkish authors. The values covered in children's literature works have been analyzed taking into consideration the Turkish courses educational programs and core values list. It has been found that the most frequent values covered in children's literature works affection truthfulness, honesty, helpfulness.
Associations between Teachers’ Interpersonal Behavior and Students’ Socio-Emotional Learning Skills in Social Sciences Classrooms in Turkey
Authors: ŞİMŞEK İdris , MUTLU Gülçin
Published: August 2021

Associations between students’ socio-emotional learning skills and students’ perceptions about their social sciences teachers’ interpersonal behavior were investigated in this study. A primary level version of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) was adapted into Turkish in order to gather the data concerning teacher interpersonal behaviors in the Turkish elementary classrooms. This process together with the collection of data concerning students’ socio-emotional learning skills was performed in several state elementary schools with 386 students from Grade 5 and Grade 6. Descriptive statistics, Canonical Correlation Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (with Mplus) were utilized for the purposes of data analyses. The results revealed that the Turkish version of the QTI for primary schools demonstrated a reasonable fit with the data with some minor deviations. The results also indicated that students’ perceptions about their teachers’ leadership, helpful, uncertain and understanding behaviors were positively but admonishing, dissatisfied and strict behaviors were negatively related to students’ socio-emotional learning skills.
Synthesis and Fabrication of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibers Based Capacitive Relative Humidity Sensor
Authors: Rashid Haroon Ur
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Capacitive humidity sensor based on Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) electrospun nanofibers was fabricated. PVA nanofibers were synthesized through versatile electrospinning technique. The synthesized nanofibers were heat treated and characterized via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) for structural, morphological and thermal properties. The fibers of admirable morphological structure were selected and deposited over interdigitated alumina electrodes for the investigation of Relative Humidity (RH) sensing characteristics. The variation in capacitance of the sensor with RH was measured 48pf at 32-92% RH. The dynamic response study confirmed the durability and stability of the sensor. The material exhibited quick response and recovery time and takes 13.27 seconds to measure the maximum RH value. Thus, the proposed sensing material has the potential of possible application in humidity sensing devices.
Travel Accessibility Criterion of Urban Commuters: Evidence from Hyderabad, Pakistan
Authors: Menghwar Gopal Das , Qureshi Sabeen , Shaikh Fahad Ahmed , Bhelar Musrat Gul , Talpur Aftab Hussain
Published: August 2021

Travel accessibility is a crucial factor in examining travel and transportation services. However, lack of suitable transportation facilities often severely affects the daily working schedule of the local inhabitants. Thus, this study aimed to record and examine the accessibility criterion of the commuters of Hyderabad, Pakistan. The data were randomly procured with the help of a questionnaire survey. Total 384 questionnaires were filled from the study to record the accessibility parameter of the local inhabitants. Correlation and frequency tests were performed to analyze data. It was found that local inhabitants in Hyderabad were facing accessibility problems and struggled to reach their destinations efficiently. This study can assist the development authority and traffic department of Hyderabad in formulating relevant policies to mitigate the accessibility problems.
Погляди на підстави переосмислення доктрини права власності
Authors: СПАСИБО-ФАТЄЄВА ІННА
Published: August 2021

Власність є визначальною категорію для економіки, соціальних наук, права. Висловлюється ставлення до неї у філософії, релігії, у площині культури та в інших розрізах. Правове регулювання власності має вагоме значення для кожного індивіда зокрема і суспільства загалом. Наявний зв’язок правового регулювання не лише з економікою певної країни у певний період часу, а й із глобальною економікою та правовими відносинами, що складаються у світовому просторі. Час від часу законодавство потребує реформ, правове регулювання зазнає змін – спочатку на мінірівні через внесення окремих змін до Цивільного кодексу та законів, формування правових позицій Верховного Суду, до оновлення Основного Закону, в якому втілені норми, що регулюють відносини власності – Цивільного кодексу. В основі таких змін має бути ясна і продумана доктрина, без чого неможливе адекватне правове регулювання в оновленому суспільному середовищі. Ця доктрина має відображати істотні зміни, що відбулися у праві власності в останні часи і які стосуються об’єктів права власності, змісту цього права, підсилення ролі державних регуляторів, мотивації особи, яка стає власником певного майна, від чого також залежить чимало змін у правовідносинах цивільного обороту, послуг тощо.
Метою статті є визначення тих змін, які відбулися у суспільних відносинах із приводу власності, та їхній вплив на правове регулювання власності.
Просторова власність: законодавство і доктрина
Authors: МИЦА ЮРІЙ
Published: August 2021

Стаття присвячена аналізу конструкції просторової (поверхової) власності, яка передбачає допущення існування речових прав на окремі приміщення в будівлях у співвідношенні таких прав із правом на будівлю загалом. Метою статті є визначення оптимальної моделі просторової власності для цивільного права України, що має істотне значення з огляду на соціальну важливість цього питання при недостатньому його розробленні у вітчизняній цивілістичній доктрині. Автор простежує соціально-економічні передумови формування конструкції просторової власності, висвітлює моделі її побудови у країнах романо-германської правової сім’ї. У вказаному загальному контексті простежується історія виникнення та розвитку поверхової власності у вітчизняному правопорядку, а також аналізується поточний стан чинного законодавства з окресленого питання. Автор доходить висновку про необхідність істотного реформування інституту просторової власності в цивільному праві України. Вихідною ідеєю при цьому повинно стати запровадження можливості існування трьох альтернативних моделей організації просторової власності: прийнятої у вітчизняному праві романської моделі (з її одночасним удосконаленням), кооперативної моделі та південно-німецької моделі права спільної власності на увесь будинок загалом. При цьому власникам квартир і нежитлових приміщень у багатоквартирному будинку має бути надана можливість самостійно обирати ту модель організації відносин власності, яку вони бажають запровадити для себе. Однак в одному будинку має існувати лише одна така модель.
Про доктринальні засади реституції власності
Authors: СПАСИБО ІЛЛАРІОН
Published: August 2021

Реституція в українських реаліях пов’язана з наслідками визнання правочину недійсним. Тим часом з огляду на її більш загальне розуміння як правового механізму, покликаного повертати майно його власнику, вона повинна сприйматися саме в такому ключі. Ця її властивість задає підкреслено майновий вектор її руху в правовому полі: restitutio (латин.) має коренем слово “rest” (“річ”), а “tutio” вказує на динаміку процесу, що позначає повернення і відновлення права на річ.
Водночас такий ракурс дослідження реституції в цивільному праві України практично відсутній, хоча давно вже повинен бути актуалізований. На постмонархічному постреволюційному радянському просторі власників із 1917 р. тотально позбавляли майна. Деякі ж власники змушені були його залишати, рятуючись втечею з радянської республіки. Правове свавілля з ухваленням сумнівних і неприпустимих з погляду права законів було широко поширено. У сучасних умовах цьому процесу хоча і надана оцінка, але дотепер процес повернення майна особам, несправедливо позбавленим права на нього, в Україні не запущений. Тому адекватного правового механізму в нашій державі не сталося.
Однак оскільки Україна намагається увійти до європейського правового простору, де процеси реституції вже завершені, настав час обміркувати засади проведення зазначеного процесу і в нашій країні. У цьому полягає актуальність дослідження. На цю тему наукових публікацій критично мало – деякі розвідки були зроблені І. Спасибо-Фатєєвою, О. Аврамовою, Н. Блажівською, Н. Москалюком. Проте вона настільки важлива, що, звичайно, подібних публікацій явно недостатньо.
Метою статті є встановлення причин і необхідності для реституції та її основоположні початки.
Фізичні та юридичні особи, що звертаються до суду із заявами про захист прав, свобод та інтересів інших осіб у цивільному процесі
Authors: ТИМОШЕВСЬКА ІРИНА
Published: August 2021

Стаття присвячена правовим підходам до визначення представництва у суді, вивченню формування правових передумов для відкриття провадження у справі за захистом прав, свобод та інтересів інших осіб через призму суб’єктного складу.
Метою статті є аналіз положень чинного законодавства на предмет правової регла ментації права фізичних та юридичних осіб на звернення до суду із заявами про захист прав, свобод та інтересів інших осіб у цивільному процесі задля формування відповідних пропозицій.
Проаналізовано положення чинного цивільного процесуального законодавства з об’єктної та суб’єктної точок зору. У статті докладно розглянуто різні доктринальні підходи та наукові позиції вітчизняних і зарубіжних учених з приводу правового статусу, підстав для звернення, процесуальних прав та обов’язків фізичних і юридичних осіб, що звертаються до суду із заявами про захист прав, свобод та інтересів інших осіб у цивільному процесі.
Окрему увагу авторка приділила дослідженню вітчизняної судової практики, зокрема правовій позиції Великої Палати Верховного Суду з приводу питань правоздатності неурядових організацій, що не мають статусу юридичної особи та можуть мати визначені національним законом особливості, обмеження порівняно з неурядовими організаціями, які мають статус юридичної особи. Насамперед акцентовано увагу саме на процесуальній правоздатності громадських організацій.
Крім того, здійснено огляд практики Європейського суду з прав людини, яка є частиною українського національного законодавства. Зокрема, детально розглянуто справи Centre for Legal Resources on behalf of Valentin Câmpeanu v. Romania, D.H. and Others v. the Czech Republic, Oršuš and Others v. Croatia, Aksu v. Turkey та зроблено відповідні висновки.
На підставі проведеного дослідження авторка зробила ґрунтовні висновки. Зокрема, вчена встановила, що в сучасних умовах участь у цивільному процесі фізичних і юридичних осіб у порядку ст. 56 Цивільного процесуального кодексу України не відповідає меті участі у цивільному процесі органів та осіб, яким законом надано право захищати права, свободи та інтереси інших осіб, а тому вони повинні бути виключені із суб’єктів цієї статті Кодексу.
Study of Building Mass Forms in Jardin Cihampelas Apartment
Authors: Andiyan Andiyan , Albadira Wima Alkad
Published: August 2021

Cihampelas Street Bandung is one of the main tourist destinations in Bandung; besides that, Cihampelas is also a residential area with a high population density. Jalan Cihampelas has many residential places, one of which is the Jardin Cihampelas Apartment. The Jardin Cihampelas Apartment is a building consisting of 4 building towers, namely towers A, B, C, and D. Each tower has 23 floors, and a U shape, Tower A - B and C - D are located close to each other on the inside of the "U" shaped mass surrounding the swimming pool. The approach used is geometry, and basic shapes, geometry, and basic shapes show that architecture is an expression of humans and is a basic principle always present from a work of architecture. This research aims to study the relationship between geometric shapes that affect the Jardin Cihampelas apartment building mass. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method using field surveys; the research study is the shape of the building mass in geometric shapes. The research variables discussed include basic form, unity, proportion, balance, rhythm, and emphasis. This research is expected to get useful results from studying the mass shape of the building in the Jardin Cihampelas apartment with the residential typology of tall buildings with geometric shapes in the processing of space in structures.
Kajian State of the Art Pola Teritorialitas Kotagede Menggunakan Metode Space Syntax
Authors: Purwanto Azahar , Santosa Revianto Budi
Published: August 2021

Lorong, halaman dan rumah yang berada di Kampung-kampung Kotagede saling berkaitan dan terhubung dengan pola teritorialitas. Namun akibatnya sering terjadinya tumpang tindih ketika personal space menjadi communal space. Selain itu, terjadinya perubahan sosial dengan adanya kunjungan wisatawan ke Kotagede mengakibatkan adanya perubahan perilaku yang berkaitan dengan gaya hidup masyarakat Kotagede. Interaksi masyarakat Kotagede antara penghuni sebagai pemilik yang melakukan interaksi dengan tamu ataupun wisatawan menghadirkan pola teritorialitas yang unik untuk dikaji lebih lanjut. Satu cara untuk mengkaji adalah menggunakan metode space syntax. Namun dalam penggunaan metode space syntax perlu diuji sehingga dapat menghasilkan kajian yang mendalam, yang mana analisa space syntax terbatas oleh sosial dan konfigurasi ruang, tidak pada interaksi yang terjadi di Kotagede. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jawaban berupa terujinya relavansi metode space syntax untuk mengkaji aspek teritorialitas di Kotagede berdasarkan rumusan state of the art. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan dengan mencari penelitian terdahulu berkaitan dengan Kotagede, teritorialitas dan space syntax dengan dua teknik pengolahan data berupa teknik dokumentasi dan konten analisi. Hasil kajian menemukan, metode space syntax relevan untuk digunakan mengkaji pola teritorialitas di Kotagede namun memerlukan pendekatan pendamping agar mampu menjawab secara komprehensif.
Evaluation of Functional, Nutritional and Bioactive Properties of Gluten Free Muffins Utilizing Industrial By-Products of Baby Corn
Authors: Kamaljit Kaur , Anchit Sharma
Published: August 2021

This study was planned to utilize by-products of baby corn, which was powdered upon drying. Different formulations containing baby corn: defatted soya: plantain: finger millet flours at 10:65:20:5, 15:55:20:10, 20:45:20:15 and 25:35:20:20 were prepared and analyzed for functional, nutritional and bioactive properties of the blended flours and muffins. The outcomes indicated that incorporation of baby corn flour had enhanced functional and pasting properties of the blended flours. The addition of baby corn flour increased the antioxidant properties and metal chelating activity of blended flours. The incorporation of baby corn flour had contributed better retention of antioxidant potential during baking as muffins with 25% baby corn showed more increase in antioxidant properties than 10% baby corn muffins. Hardness and specific volume of muffins increased, while total phenol content decreased significantly with increment in the level of baby corn flour. On the basis of sensory analysis muffins prepared with 20% level of baby corn flour was selected best. This study concluded that by-products of baby corn can be utilized for development of gluten free muffins with better nutrition and bioactive properties.
OCT4 Represses Inflammation and Cell Injury During Orchitis by Regulating CIP2A Expression
Authors: Zeng Ruifeng , Jin Chengli , Zheng Chuchu , Li Shaoqi , Qian Siyue , Pan Jingsa , Wang Lvhe , Zhao Junfeng , Qin Le
Published: August 2021

Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) are upregulated in testicular cancer and cell lines. However, its contribution to orchitis (testicular inflammation) is unclear and was thus, investigated herein. Cell-based experiments on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced orchitis mouse model revealed robust inflammation, apoptotic cell death, and redox disorder in the Leydig (interstitial), Sertoli (supporting), and, germ cells. Meanwhile, real-time quantitative PCR revealed low OCT4 and CIP2A levels in testicular tissue and LPS-stimulated cells. A gain-of-function study showed that OCT4 overexpression not only increased CIP2A expression but also repressed LPS-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and redox disorder in the aforementioned cells. Furthermore, the re-inhibition of CIP2A expression by TD-19 in OCT4-overexpressing cells counteracted the effects of OCT4 overexpression on inflammation, apoptosis, and redox equilibrium. In addition, our results indicated that the Keap1-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway was mediated by OCT4 and CIP2A. These findings provide insights into the potential mechanism underlying OCT4- and CIP2A-mediated testicular inflammation.
Targeting the Microenvironment in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Wang Lei , Han Huiqiong , Wang Zehua , Shi Litong , Yang Mei , Qin Yanru
Published: August 2021

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most common type of cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. At present, the clinical treatment for EC is based mainly on radical surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, due to the limited efficacy of conventional treatments and the serious adverse reactions, the outcome is still unsatisfactory (the 5-year survival rate for patients is less than 25%). Thus, it is extremely important and urgent to identify new therapeutic targets. The concept of tumor microenvironment (TME) has attracted increased attention since it was proposed. Recent studies have shown that TME is an important therapeutic target for EC. Microenvironment-targeting therapies such as immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy have played an indispensable role in prolonging survival and improving the prognosis of patients with EC. In addition, many new drugs and therapies that have been developed to target microenvironment may become treatment options in the future. We summarize the microenvironment of EC and the latest advances in microenvironment-targeting therapies in this review.
The Capitanian Minimum: A Unique Sr Isotope Beacon of the Latest Paleozoic Seawater
Authors: Kani Tomomi , Isozaki Yukio
Published: August 2021

The long-term trend in the Paleozoic seawater 87Sr/86Sr was punctuated by a unique episode called the “Capitanian minimum” at the end of the Guadalupian (Permian; ca. 260 Ma). This article reviews the nature and timing of this major turning point in seawater Sr isotope composition (87Sr/86Sr, δ88Sr) immediately before the Paleozoic-Mesozoic boundary (ca. 252 Ma). The lowest value of seawater 87Sr/86Sr (0.7068) in the Capitanian and the subsequent rapid increase at an unusually high rate likely originated from a significant change in continental flux with highly radiogenic Sr. The assembly of the supercontinent Pangea and its subsequent mantle plume-induced breakup were responsible for the overall secular change throughout the Phanerozoic; nonetheless, short-term fluctuations were superimposed by global climate changes. Regarding the unidirectional decrease in Sr isotope values during the early-middle Permian and the Capitanian minimum, the suppression of continental flux was driven by the assembly of Pangea and by climate change with glaciation. In contrast, the extremely rapid increase in Sr isotope values during the Lopingian-early Triassic was induced by global warming. The unique trend change in seawater Sr isotope signatures across the Guadalupian-Lopingian Boundary (GLB) needs to be explained in relation to the unusual climate change associated with a major extinction around the GLB.
The Potential of Toll-Like Receptors to Modulate Avian Immune System: Exploring the Effects of Genetic Variants and Phytonutrients
Authors: Rehman Muhammad Saif-ur , Rehman Saif ur , Yousaf Wasim , Hassan Faiz-ul , Ahmad Waqas , Liu Qingyou , Pan Hongping
Published: August 2021

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pathogen recognition receptors, and primitive sources of innate immune response that also play key roles in the defense mechanism against infectious diseases. About 10 different TLRs have been discovered in chicken that recognize ligands and participate in TLR signaling pathways. Research findings related to TLRs revealed new approaches to understand the fundamental mechanisms of the immune system, patterns of resistance against diseases, and the role of TLR-specific pathways in nutrient metabolism in chicken. In particular, the uses of specific feed ingredients encourage molecular biologists to exploit the relationship between nutrients (including different phytochemicals) and TLRs to modulate immunity in chicken. Phytonutrients and prebiotics are noteworthy dietary components to promote immunity and the production of disease-resistant chicken. Supplementations of yeast-derived products have also been extensively studied to enhance innate immunity during the last decade. Such interventions pave the way to explore nutrigenomic approaches for healthy and profitable chicken production. Additionally, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TLRs have shown potential association with few disease outbreaks in chickens. This review aimed to provide insights into the key roles of TLRs in the immune response and discuss the potential applications of these TLRs for genomic and nutritional interventions to improve health, and resistance against different fatal diseases in chicken.
Integrative Transcriptome-Wide Analyses Uncover Novel Risk-Associated MicroRNAs in Hormone-Dependent Cancers
Authors: Jayarathna Dulari K. , Rentería Miguel E. , Malik Adil , Sauret Emilie , Batra Jyotsna , Gandhi Neha S.
Published: August 2021

Background

Hormone-dependent cancers (HDC) are among the leading causes of death worldwide among both men and women. Some of the established risk factors of HDC include unhealthy lifestyles, environmental factors, and genetic influences. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand gene–cancer associations. Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) integrate data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci – eQTL) to yield meaningful information on biological pathways associated with complex traits/diseases. Recently, TWAS have enabled the identification of novel associations between HDC risk and protein-coding genes.

Methods

In the present study, we performed a TWAS analysis using the summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR)–heterogeneity in dependent instruments (HEIDI) method to identify microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) associated with HDC risk. We obtained eQTL and GWAS summary statistics from the ncRNA-eQTL database and the National Human Genome Research Institute–European Bioinformatics Institute (NHGRI-EBI) GWAS Catalog.

Results

We identified 13 TWAS-significant miRNAs at cis regions (±1 Mb) associated with HDC risk (two, five, one, two, and three miRNAs for prostate, breast, ovarian, colorectal, and endometrial cancers, respectively). Among them, eight novel miRNAs were recognized in HDC risk. Eight protein-coding genes targeted by TWAS-identified miRNAs (SIRT1, SOX4, RUNX2, FOXA1, ABL2, SUB1, HNRNPH1, and WAC) are associated with HDC functions and signaling pathways.

Conclusion

Overall, identifying risk-associated miRNAs across a group of related cancers may help to understand cancer biology and provide novel insights into cancer genetic mechanisms. This customized approach can be applied to identify significant miRNAs in any trait/disease of interest.
Pitting Judgment Model Based on Machine Learning and Feature Optimization Methods
Authors: Qu Zhihao , Tang Dezhi , Wang Zhu , Li Xiaqiao , Chen Hongjian , Lv Yao
Published: August 2021

Pitting corrosion seriously harms the service life of oil field gathering and transportation pipelines, which is an important subject of corrosion prevention. In this study, we collected the corrosion data of pipeline steel immersion experiment and established a pitting judgment model based on machine learning algorithm. Feature reduction methods, including feature importance calculation and pearson correlation analysis, were first adopted to find the important factors affecting pitting. Then, the best input feature set for pitting judgment was constructed by combining feature combination and feature creation. Through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) calculation, random forest algorithm was selected as the modeling algorithm. As a result, the pitting judgment model based on machine learning and high dimensional feature parameters (i.e., material factors, solution factors, environment factors) showed good prediction accuracy. This study provided an effective means for processing high-dimensional and complex corrosion data, and proved the feasibility of machine learning in solving material corrosion problems.
Identification and Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides From Butterflies: An Integrated Bioinformatics and Experimental Study
Authors: Wang Min , Zhou Ziyue , Li Simin , Zhu Wei , Hu Xianda
Published: August 2021

Butterflies represent one of the largest animal groups on Earth, yet antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of this group are less studied in comparison with their moth counterparts. This study employed an integrated bioinformatics approach to survey natural AMPs from publicly available genomic datasets. Numerous AMPs, including cecropins, defensins, and moricins, were identified and subsequently used as templates for the design of a series of synthetic AMPs that mimicked the naturally occurring sequences. Despite differing biological effects among the various sequences, the synthetic AMPs exhibited potent antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro and in vivo, without inducing hemolysis, which implied their therapeutic potential in infectious diseases. Electron and confocal fluorescence microscopies revealed that the AMPs induced distinct morphological and biophysical changes on microbial cell membranes and nuclei, suggesting that the antimicrobial effects were related to a mechanism of membrane penetration and nucleic acid binding by the peptides. In conclusion, this study not only offers insights into butterfly AMPs but also provides a practical strategy for high-throughput natural AMP discoveries that will have implications for future research in this area.
African Swine Fever Virus Induces STAT1 and STAT2 Degradation to Counteract IFN-I Signaling
Authors: Riera Elena , Pérez-Núñez Daniel , García-Belmonte Raquel , Miorin Lisa , García-Sastre Adolfo , Revilla Yolanda
Published: August 2021

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a serious disease in domestic pigs and wild boars and is currently expanding worldwide. No safe and efficacious vaccines against ASFV are available, which threats the swine industry worldwide. African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a complex dsDNA virus that displays multiple mechanisms to counteract the host innate immune response, whose efficacy might determine the different degrees of virulence displayed by attenuated and virulent ASFV strains. Here we report that infection with both virulent Arm/07/CBM/c2 and attenuated NH/P68 strains prevents interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in interferon (IFN)-treated cells by counteracting the JAK/STAT pathway. This inhibition results in an impaired nuclear translocation of the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex, as well as in the proteasome-dependent STAT2 degradation and caspase 3-dependent STAT1 cleavage. The existence of two independent mechanisms of control of the JAK/STAT pathway, suggests the importance of preventing this pathway for successful viral replication. As ASFV virulence is likely associated with the efficacy of the IFN signaling inhibitory mechanisms, a better understanding of these IFN antagonistic properties may lead to new strategies to control this devastating pig disease.
Incidence and Prognostic Significance of PD-L1 Expression in High-Grade Salivary Gland Carcinoma
Authors: Fang Qigen , Wu Yao , Du Wei , Zhang Xu , Chen Defeng
Published: August 2021

Objective

PD-L1 is one of the predictors of immunotherapy efficacy. Our goal was to analyze its expression and prognostic significance in high-grade salivary gland carcinoma (SGC).

Methods

PD-L1 expression was evaluated using paraffin-embedded specimens from patients with surgically treated high-grade SGC, and it was scored by the tumor proportion score (TPS), combined positive score (CPS), and immune cell (IC) score. Associations between clinicopathological variables, disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and PD-L1 expression were assessed.

Results

TPS≥1% occurred in 47 patients with an incidence of 43.1%, and it was significantly related to an advanced tumor stage. In patients with TPS<1%, TPS ranging from 1% to 20%, and TPS≥20%, the 5-year DFS rates were 36%, 26%, and 13%, respectively, and the difference was significant. In patients with TPS<1%, TPS ranging from 1% to 20%, and TPS≥20%, the 5-year OS rates were 49%, 24%, and 13%, respectively, and the difference was significant. CPS≥1 occurred in 87 patients with an incidence of 79.8%. IC scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3 were noted in 24 (22.0%), 37 (33.9%), 31 (28.4%), and 17 (15.6%) patients, respectively. Both CPS and IC scores had no impact on DFS or OS.

Conclusions

The expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells of high-grade SGCs was not uncommon, and it was significantly associated with tumor stage. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells rather than in immune cells indicated a poor prognosis.
Antagonism of Cerebral High Mobility Group Box 1 Ameliorates Dendritic Cell Dysfunction in Sepsis
Authors: Ren Chao , Yao Ren-qi , Wang Li-xue , Li Jun-cong , Chen Kun-wei , Wu Yao , Dong Ning , Feng Yong-wen , Yao Yong-ming
Published: August 2021

Sepsis has emerged as a global health issue, and accounts for millions of deaths in intensive care units. Dysregulation of the immune response reportedly contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of this lethal condition, which involves both the dysfunction of immune cells and incompetent immunomodulatory mechanisms. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is known as a later inflammatory mediator and is critically involved in the severity and prognosis of sepsis by inducing intractable inflammation and dysfunction of various immune cells. In the present study, we found that intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Box A, a specific antagonist of HMGB1, restored the dysregulated response of splenic dendritic cells (DCs) in septic mice by enhancing the expression of surface molecules, including CD80, CD86, and MHC-II, as well as improving DC priming of T lymphocytes. Cerebral HMGB1 was also confirmed to have potent inhibitory effects on DC functions when administrated by ICV injection in normal mice. The brain cholinergic system was found to mediate the immunomodulatory effects of central HMGB1, as it exhibited enhanced activity with persistent HMGB1 exposure. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of cerebral HMGB1 on the response of peripheral DCs were also blocked by α7nAchR gene knockout. These findings provide novel insight into the relationship between cerebral HMGB1 and splenic DC dysfunction during sepsis, which is, at least in part, dependent on cholinergic system activity.
Targeting Autophagy with Natural Compounds in Cancer: A Renewed Perspective from Molecular Mechanisms to Targeted Therapy
Authors: Xie Qiang , Chen Yi , Tan Huidan , Liu Bo , Zheng Ling-Li , Mu Yandong
Published: August 2021

Natural products are well-characterized to have pharmacological or biological activities that can be of therapeutic benefits for cancer therapy, which also provide an important source of inspiration for discovery of potential novel small-molecule drugs. In the past three decades, accumulating evidence has revealed that natural products can modulate a series of key autophagic signaling pathways and display therapeutic effects in different types of human cancers. In this review, we focus on summarizing some representative natural active compounds, mainly including curcumin, resveratrol, paclitaxel, Bufalin, and Ursolic acid that may ultimately trigger cancer cell death through the regulation of some key autophagic signaling pathways, such as RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, AMPK, ULK1, Beclin-1, Atg5 and p53. Taken together, these inspiring findings would shed light on exploiting more natural compounds as candidate small-molecule drugs, by targeting the crucial pathways of autophagy for the future cancer therapy.
Osmotic Vesicle Collapse of Sealed Inside–Out Membrane Vesicles From Red Blood Cells
Authors: Tiffert Teresa , Lew Virgilio L.
Published: August 2021

The preparation of plasma membrane vesicles from a large variety of cells has contributed a wealth of information on the identity and vectorial properties of membrane transporters and enzymes. Vesicles from red blood cell (RBC) membranes are generated in media of extremely low tonicity. For functional studies, it is required to suspend the vesicles in higher tonicity media in order to bring the concentrations of the substrates of transporters and enzymes under investigation within the physiological ranges. We investigated the effects of hypertonic transitions on the vesicle morphology using transmission electron microscopy. The results show that hypertonic transitions cause an irreversible osmotic collapse of sealed membrane vesicles. Awareness of the collapsed condition of vesicles during functional studies is critical for the proper interpretation of experimental results.
Overexpression of Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate Synthase Enhances Resistance of Chlamydomonas to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Jung Sera , Koo Kwang Min , Ryu Jaihyunk , Baek Inwoo , Kwon Soon-Jae , Kim Jin-Baek , Ahn Joon-Woo
Published: August 2021

The enzyme phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase (PRPS) catalyzes the conversion of ribose 5-phosphate into phosphoribosyl diphosphate; the latter is a precursor of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. Here, we investigated the function of PRPS from the single-celled green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in its response to DNA damage from gamma radiation or the alkylating agent LiCl. CrPRPS transcripts were upregulated in cells treated with these agents. We generated CrPRPS-overexpressing transgenic lines to study the function of CrPRPS. When grown in culture with LiCl or exposed to gamma radiation, the transgenic cells grew faster and had a greater survival rate than wild-type cells. CrPRPS overexpression enhanced expression of genes associated with DNA damage response, namely RAD51, RAD1, and LIG1. We observed, from transcriptome analysis, upregulation of genes that code for key enzymes in purine metabolism, namely ribonucleoside-diphosphate pyrophosphokinase subunit M1, adenylate kinase, and nucleoside-diphosphate kinase. We conclude that CrPRPS may affect DNA repair process via regulation of de novo nucleotide synthesis.
Coping Strategy, Social Support, and Psychological Distress Among University Students in Jakarta, Indonesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Akbar Zarina , Aisyawati Maratini Shaliha
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the world for a year, where a study in China showed that the disease increased psychological distress among adolescents and college students, such as anxiety about the academic setback, economic effects, and impact on their daily life. However, a further study examining the impact of the disease on the mental health of students is required. Social support is the most vital psychosocial protective resource, where effective coping can reduce stress levels and prevent individuals from experiencing more severe psychological distress. Therefore, this study investigated the coping strategy, social support, and psychological distress among university students in Jakarta who are also the epicenter of COVID-19 in Indonesia. The psychological distress and coping strategy variable were measured through the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) and the COPE Brief instrument, respectively. Meanwhile, the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support-12 instrument was used to measure the social support variable. The study was disseminated via an online form and the number of research subjects included 250 students who matched the research criteria, including DKI Jakarta domicile and active students registered in the area that were confirmed to be COVID-19 positive. According to the results, coping strategies and increased social support were significantly correlated with decreased psychological distress and may serve as the basis for interventions.
Trusting Others During a Pandemic: Investigating Potential Changes in Generalized Trust and Its Relationship With Pandemic-Related Experiences and Worry
Authors: Thoresen Siri , Blix Ines , Wentzel-Larsen Tore , Birkeland Marianne Skogbrott
Published: August 2021

Generalized trust, the belief that most other people can be trusted, has positive consequences for health and wellbeing. An increased sense of community is often seen in times of crisis or disaster, but it is unclear whether this is the case in the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of the current study were to assess whether generalized trust increased in an early pandemic phase compared to pre-pandemic levels, and whether trust was lower in individuals who felt particularly threatened or burdened in the pandemic. We compared levels of generalized trust in a population-representative Norwegian sample (n = 1,041) with pre-pandemic levels from the European Social Survey (ESS). Age- and gender-adjusted expected scores were compared to observed scores, using weighted data. Secondly, we tested whether indicators of pandemic-related strain, perceived health risks, or pandemic-related worry were associated with a lower level of generalized trust. This cross-sectional study was conducted in an early opening-up phase (May, 2020). The observed levels of generalized trust in an early pandemic phase did not differ significantly from expected levels based on pre-pandemic measures. Higher trust was found among individuals who reported personal experience with the COVID-19 disease (tested positive, admitted to hospital, or lost someone to the disease). Pandemic-related worry and a high perceived health threat were both associated with a lower level of generalized trust. These results indicate that personal experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic could influence trust in others, although this link may be context-dependent. Generalized trust is considered to be an important asset in society, and promote health and well-being. As the pandemic evolves, there is a risk that we may lose, or a chance that we could gain, trust, with potential consequences for our health.