Use of speed indicators in assessing and ensuring economic security of enterprises
Authors: Nusinov Volodymyr , Mishchuk Ievgeniia 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the research. The article is aimed at systematizing of existing speed indicators used in economics when assessing and ensuring economic security of an enterprise. Methodology. The study applied general scientific theoretical methods: generalization, explanation, grouping – to analyze the views of economists on the object of study and formulate conclusions of the content analysis of primary sources, analysis and synthesis – to clarify the main scientific categories of research, justification of new conceptual provisions, principles, concepts and categories; schematic and graphical image – for visual presentation of the results. Results. The article analyzes speed indicators existing in economic literature. Most of the indicators are determined to be applied to analyzing business activities of an enterprise, and the average absolute increment is the generalized speed of change of a phenomenon in time. The work generalizes and characterizes speed kinds existing in the theory of statistics as well as suggesting the methodological framework for assessing the economic security based on the enterprise hierarchical structure. Time and money are determined to be the most important resources for ensuring economic security. A problem is discovered which consists in the necessity of combining heterogeneous indicators in a single economic security assessment indicator and creating an accumulation of specific indicators practical use of which is complicated. The suggested solution of the problem consists in application of time as an indicator accumulating various factors’ effects when assessing economic security. To determine time necessary for achieving the required value by indicators of economic security components of the first hierarchal level, trend equations or other forecasting methods can be used. The time required to achieve the appropriate level of economic security components of the second hierarchal level is proposed to be determined in two ways: by the maximum or the sum of periods found on the components of the first level of the hierarchy. To assess the time for achieving the adequate level of economic security by the kinds located at the highest hierarchal levels, two directions are suggested. The first direction provides for forecasting and construction of a new function, the second one envisages determination of the maximum period or their amount in terms of time found for the components of the second level of the hierarchical structure of economic security. Practical meaning. The article justifies ways of using the values of speeds and, if there are acceleration available, corresponding changes of indicators which, in their turn, impact achievement and maintenance of the appropriate level of economic security of an enterprise. The expediency of determining the speed as a derivative of the economic security indicator value, and acceleration as a derivative of the speed or the second derivative of the economic security indicator value, is proved. Attention is focused on the feasibility of considering the current cycle stage in the economy and the life cycle stage of the enterprise itself. It is proposed to normalize time indicators and, in accordance with the standard time, determine new normative values of economic security indicators, normative indicators of speed and acceleration as well as introducing the concepts of “economic speed” and “economic acceleration” into the scientific terminology. The further researches of the authors will be devoted to this. Another direction of further development will be the identification of their specific features in the future.