bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Therapeutic Trends in Pneumonia: Antibiotics and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Zhong Li , Ly Jennifer , Chu Qi
Published: November 2021

Pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. With the significant global health burden that pneumonia poses, it is essential to improve therapeutic and management strategies. The increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains limits options for effective antibiotic use. New antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia may address deficits in current antimicrobial drugs, with an ability to cover both typical, atypical, and resistant pathogens. Several of these newer drugs also have structural characteristics that allow for a decreased propensity for the development of bacterial resistance. The potential use of stem cell therapies in place of corticosteroid treatments may also offer an improvement in patient outcomes. Human mesenchymal stem cell treatments have shown efficacy and safety in treating COVID-19 induced pneumonia. Combined treatment with both stem cells and antibiotics in pneumonia in a rabbit model has also shown significantly increased efficacy in comparison to antibiotic treatment alone. This presents yet another possible route for a novel strategy in treating pneumonia, though additional future studies are necessary before clinical implementation. While pneumonia remains a major disease of concern, having newer approved antibiotics as well as novel therapies such as stem cell treatments in the pipeline offers clinicians more options in effectively treating pneumonia.
Re – print- An Adjunct Treatment Reverses Chronic Insulin-dependent (Type 1) Diabetes in a Teenager
Authors: Yap Steve
Published: November 2021

Globally, more than 30 million people suffer from diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) characterized by pancreas producing little or no insulin hormone to facilitate glucose entering cells for energy production. T1DM patients tend to suffer a higher overall rate of atherosclerosis, cancer, and end-stage renal failure. No drug or surgical therapy seems to halt its annual upward trend amongst children and young adults. Consequently, a significant number of sufferers turn to complementary or alternative therapies for help to arrest this chronic endocrine condition. This paper discusses how a well-designed evidence-based dietary and nutritional therapy with some lifestyle modifications might offer a solution for this highly complex autoimmune disorder. The treatment outcome demonstrated a partial regeneration of pancreatic islet beta cells with substantial improvement for all relevant serum and urine markers tested.
Cultural De/Colonization in Anwar Masood's Bunain
Authors: Shehzad Aamir , Farooq Sardar Ahmad , Arshad Quratulain
Published: November 2021

This article addresses cultural hegemony of colonial discursive praxis and cultural decolonization in the wake of postmodern thought. Cultural hegemony entails the predominance of ruling states (colonizers) over the subordinate states (colonized). Western European states dominated colonial nations socioculturally and intellectually for a considerable time. Cultural decolonization is a process by which colonized people challenge the superiority of the colonizer's culture and attempt to redefine and reclaim their indigenous culture in order to reassert its distinct identity. The analysis of this study is based on Anwar Masood's poetry. Anwar Masood, amusingly, tries to challenge the colonial legacy prevalent in postcolonial Pakistan in different forms. He refuses to accept the hegemony of colonial discourse, particularly in terms of western civilization as superior to the civilizations of the colonized world.
Cesarska epifania. Ernst H. Kantorowicz jako badacz bizantyńskiej teologii politycznej
Authors: Pawlik Robert
Published: November 2021

Kantorowicz nie jest znany jako badacz bizantyńskiego Wschodu. Faktem jest jednak, że przez większą część swej naukowej kariery intensywnie zajmował się Bizancjum. Od 1940 r., czyli od początku swej pracy na Uniwersytecie w Berkeley, regularnie brał udział w konferencjach bizantynologicznych; od roku 1950 tych organizowanych przez ośrodek Dumbarton Oaks. W ostatnich latach życia przygotowywał do druku książkę zbierającą swe dokonania na tym polu. Ich wspólnym mianownikiem miała być teologia polityczna w cesarstwie bizantyńskim. Książkę tę postrzegał jako kontynuację „Dwóch ciał króla”, które stanowiły zwieńczenie jego badań nad teologią polityczną w świecie zachodnim. Śmierć uniemożliwiła dokończenie tego projektu, jednak niepublikowane wykłady konferencyjne oraz studia ogłoszone na łamach „Dubarton Oaks Papers” pozwalają wyrobić sobie pojęcie na temat Kantorowiczowskiego ujęcia teologii politycznej w Bizancjum. W artykule podejmuje próbę wstępnej rekonstrukcji wkładu Kantorowicza w rozumienie teologii politycznej, czy raczej politycznej chrystologii, w Cesarstwie Bizantyńskim.
Św. Jan Chryzostom: O Dawidzie i Saulu. Homilia pierwsza (CPG 4412: De Davide et Saule. Homilia prima)
Authors: Libowski Łukasz
Published: November 2021

Nie dotyczy.
Wspólne wartości społeczeństwa holenderskiego
Authors: Lipnicka Magdalena
Published: November 2021

Z uwagi na coraz większą wielokulturowość oraz przemiany społeczno-ideologiczne w Niderlandachpojawiła się potrzeba zdefiniowania wspólnych wartości dla całego społeczeństwa. W artykule wartościte są analizowane z dwóch perspektyw – przemian historycznych (ok. okresu powstania Republiki,poprzez filaryzację, przemiany lat sześćdziesiątych aż po czasy obecne) oraz stanu obecnego w oparciuo analizę danych zastanych, w tym z badań empirycznych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizymożna uznać, że Holendrzy za swoje wartości wspólne uznają wartości związane z kulturą obywatelskąi demokratyczną, w tym m.in. wolność, równość i solidarność.
Неразрушающий контроль стальных тосов с использованием оптимизированного метода опорных векторов
Authors: Ли Бин , Чжан Цзювэй , Чен Цихан
Published: November 2021

In this paper, to address the problems of poor signal noise reduction and low recognition rate in wire rope leakage magnetic detection, we propose the algorithm MSVDW, which uses a combination of median filtering, singular value decomposition (SVD) and wavelet transform, to denoise the collected three-dimensional MFL signals. Then, false color is used to enhance the image. The image is then localized and segmented using the modulus maximum method. The color moments are extracted from the images and used as the input of the particle swarm algorithm optimized support vector machine (PSO-SVM) for training and recognition. The experimental results show that the noise reduction algorithm proposed in this paper effectively reduces the noise of the leakage signal, the false color image enhances the defect image information, and the algorithm of PSO-SVM greatly improves the recognition rate of defects.
Study of possibility of obtaining alternative binders from production wastes for filling man-caused voids
Authors: Golik V. I. , Razorenov Yu. I. , Vagin V. S. , Lyashenko V. I.
Published: November 2021

Basic scientific and practical results of the study of possibility of obtaining alternative binders from production wastes to fill man-made voids at underground ore mining are presented. The objective of the study was to determine the technological possibility and economic feasibility of using available low-active substances as substitutes for expensive and scarce cement. It was shown that it is possible to obtain a binder from dolomite wastes, equivalent in properties to cement, which makes it possible to meet the demands of environmentally correct ore mining technologies. It has been established that hardening mixtures based on dolomites and enrichment tailings are only 8-22% inferior in strength to mixtures with standard cement and are suitable without restrictions for the construction of nature protection massifs in mine workings. Recommended activation of wastes increases the strength of the hardening filling mixture by 15-20% in comparison with the basic technology. With additional preparation in activators, a fundamental change in the quality of dolomite products is possible. The use of wastes in the production of a hardening mixture will free up the land occupied by storage facilities and organize the production of competitive products. Alternative binders and inert materials are recommended for use.
REALIZATION OF THE POWER HOLDING STRATIGIES IN THE AMERICAN POLITICIANS’ CAMPAIGHN SPEECHES (BASED ON D. TRUMP’S PUBLIC STATEMENTS)
Authors: Evtushenko V.B. , Gerasimenko I.V.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the implementation of the power holding strategies, as well as the stylistic devices of the American political discourse based on of D. Trump’s public statements. It gives the definition of strategy, tactics of political discourse. The author points out the most frequently used tactics of the strategies of persuasion during the pre-election race by D. Trump, as well as the lexical stylistic devices embodying these tactics. The author points to the variety of tactics used by the subject of research, psychologically directed towards the addressee's emotions, describes the key features of each of the tactics. As an example of the implementation of power holding strategies, the author considers the election campaign of the politician in Cleveland, Ohio. The author identifies many cases of application of the informational and interpretational strategy and the strategy of forming the emotional mood of the addressee, which are part of the strategies for holding power.
LATVIAN POLICE BATTALIONS IN THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors: Benda V.N.
Published: November 2021

The article attempts to highlight the activities of Latvian police battalions and Legionnaires "Wafen SS" during the great Patriotic war in the territory of the Belarusian SSR. Some issues related to the establishment, structure and participation of Latvian police units and formations in punitive operations carried out by the occupation authorities on the territory of Belarus against partisans and civilians are highlighted. The author focuses on the fact that during the struggle against the Nazi occupiers and their accomplices, the Belarusian people suffered huge losses. The article provides examples of cruelty and atrocities committed by the punishers of special SS units and police units that took part in the massacres of the civilian population of the Republic. The conclusion is confirmed that the Nazi occupation authorities, during the great Patriotic war, purposefully pursued a policy of genocide against the population who found themselves in the occupied territory, including in Belarus.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS
Authors: Zamaraeva E.N. , Khmelnitskaya Z.B.
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the peculiarities of the functioning of the international transport corridors «North-South» and «East-West» in Russia, their importance for the country's entry into the world market. The article analyzes the key problems of functioning and development of international corridors in Russia.
THE PROBLEM OF VULNERABILITY OF RUSSIAN YOUTH TO THE EXTREMISTIC MATERIALS ON THE INTERNET
Authors: Rudenkin D.V.
Published: November 2021

The paper is devoted to clarification of the nature of vulnerability of Russian youth to extremist materials on the Internet. The author notes, that current research practice of using of Internet in the process of distribution of extremist materials among Russian youth is partly limited. Most of the researches focus on the analysis of content of such materials or on the tracking of mechanisms of their distribution, but not on the analysis of underlying reasons for which it becomes possible to replicate them. Basing on the materials of his own research, the author seeks to overcome this ambiguity and tries to identify the key reasons why Russian young people become potentially sensitive to extremist materials on the Internet. The key conclusion of the analysis is that the sensitivity of young people to such materials appears because of modalities of their behavior on the Internet. The remarkable activity in using the Internet and social networks makes them an accessible addressee of the distribution of extremist materials. And at the same time their desire for entertainment and openness increase the sensitivity to the materials of such content.
Chemiluminescence Detection in the Study of Free-Radical Reactions. Part 1
Authors: Romodin Leonid A.
Published: November 2021

The present review, consisting of two parts, considers the application of the chemiluminescence detection method in evaluating free radical reactions in biological model systems. The first part presents a classification of experimental biological model systems. Evidence favoring the use of chemiluminescence detection in the study of free radical reactions, along with similar methods of registering electromagnetic radiation as electron paramagnetic resonance, spectrophotometry, detection of infrared radiation (IR spectrometry), and chemical methods for assessing the end products of free radical reactions, is shown. Chemiluminescence accompanying free radical reactions involving lipids has been the extensively studied reaction. These reactions are one of the key causes of cell death by either apoptosis (activation of the cytochrome c complex with cardiolipin) or ferroptosis (induced by free ferrous ions). The concept of chemiluminescence quantum yield is also discussed in this article. The second part, which is to be published in the next issue, analyzes the application of chemiluminescence detection using luminescent additives that are called activators, a.k.a. chemiluminescence enhancers, and enhance the emission through the tripletsinglet transfer of electron excitation energy from radical reaction products, followed by light emission with a high quantum yield.
Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Hemostatic Disorders in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Khalirakhmanov Airat F. , Idrisova Kamilla F. , Gajfullina Raushaniya F. , Zinchenko Sergey V. , Litvinov Rustem I. , Sharafeev Aydar Z. , Kiyasov Andrey P. , Rizvanov Albert A.
Published: November 2021

The novel coronavirus infection named COVID-19 was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it has been responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in scores of countries. At the time this article was being written, the number of infected and deceased patients continued to grow worldwide. Most patients with severe forms of the disease suffer from pneumonia and pulmonary insufficiency; in many cases, the disease is generalized and causes multiple organ failures and a dysfunction of physiological systems. One of the most serious and prognostically ominous complications from COVID-19 is coagulopathy, in particular, decompensated hypercoagulability with the risk of developing disseminated intravascular coagulation. In most cases, local and diffuse macro- and microthromboses are present, a condition which causes multiple-organ failure and thromboembolic complications. The causes and pathogenic mechanisms of coagulopathy in COVID-19 remain largely unclear, but they are associated with systemic inflammation, including the so-called cytokine storm. Despite the relatively short period of the ongoing pandemic, laboratory signs of serious hemostatic disorders have been identified and measures for specific prevention and correction of thrombosis have been developed. This review discusses the causes of COVID-19 coagulopathies and the associated complications, as well as possible approaches to their early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
A Mouse Model of Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Axonal Degeneration As a Tool for Testing Neuroprotectors
Authors: Kolacheva Anna A. , Ugrumov M. V.
Published: November 2021

Degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in Parkinsons disease begins from the axonal terminals in the striatum and, then, in retrograde fashion, progresses to the cell bodies in the substantia nigra. Investigation of the dynamics of axonal terminal degeneration may help in the identification of new targets for neuroprotective treatment and be used as a tool for testing potential drugs. We have shown that the degeneration rate of dopaminergic axonal terminals changes over time, and that the striatal dopamine concentration is the most sensitive parameter to the action of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). This model was validated using neuroprotectors with well-known mechanisms of action: the dopamine transporter inhibitor nomifensine and SEMAX peptide that stimulates the secretion of endogenous neurotrophic factors or acts as an antioxidant. Nomifensine was shown to almost completely protect dopaminergic fibers from the toxic effect of MPTP and maintain the striatal dopamine concentration at the control level. However, SEMAX, slightly but reliably, increased striatal dopamine when administered before MPTP treatment, which indicates that it is more effective as an inductor of endogenous neurotrophic factor secretion rather than as an antioxidant.
Peran Pendidikan Kepramukaan sebagai Media Pembentukan Karakter Kepemimpinan Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Alfi Nur Hidayati
Published: November 2021

Mendalamkan karakter kepemimpinan pada kegiatan ekstrakulikuler pramuka yang dilakukan oleh Pembina pramuka SDN Medalem I dengan tujuan agar siswa SDN Medalem I benar-benar memiliki karakter kepemimpinan yang baik dan penuh rasa tanggungjawab. Selain itu penerapan karakter kepemimpinan siswa pada ekstrakulikuler pramuka di SDN Medalem I dilakukan sejak dini agar mampu menerapkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan yang akan datang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses implementasi dan manfaat pendidikan kepramukaan sebagai media pembentukan karakter kepemimpinan siswa di SDN Medalem I. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskritif yakni melihat fenomena yang terjadi dilapangan unt[1]uk memperoleh data dan penguraiannya secara sistematik sehingga mudah untuk dipahami. Dan teknik yang digunakan adalah observasi, komunikasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan proses implementasi dan manfaat pendidikan kepramukaan sebagai media pembentukan karaker kepemimpinan siswa pembina menggunakan metode belajar sambil melakukan learning by doing  tahap transinternalisasi nilai dengan memberikan contoh terlebih dahulu kemudian peserta Pramuka mengikutinya. Penerapan jelajah alam yang dilakukan setia tiga bulan sekali yang dilakukan diakhir pertemuan. Dan penerapan pada kegiatan-kegiatan dalam ekstrakuler pramuka.
The Interpretation of Holy Quran by Sunnah in Hafiz Ibn Kathir's Interpretation: Applied Study for Surat Al-Kamar
Authors: Mohammad Nourah Hady
Published: November 2021

The research tackles the exegesis of Quran in the interpretation of Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir of Surat Al-Qamar through analyzing selecting Hadith from its original sources, concerning the limitation of Hadith that he adduced in his interpretation, studying, analyzing, how precise it is and indicate it is relation with the Quranic verse, the benefits which Ibn Kathir gained in his interpretation, with the explanation of the types of exegesis by Sunnah in each position with the indication to the disagreement if it is existed. The research's plan included an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion.The introduction included a summary about the importance of the topic, reasons of selecting the topic, the previous related topics, and the  objectives, limitations, problems, questions, methodology, and the plan of the research.The first chapter included the outlined definition of the research vocabularies indicating the overall exegesis's sources, and a summarized definition of Al-Imam Ibn Kathir and his interpretation.The second chapter included an applicable study about the interpretation of Al-Imam Ibn Kathir of Surat Al-Qamar.The conclusion included the results and the most important outcomes, as that Ibn Kathir did well at employing Sunnah, and linking it to the interpretation of the verses, including but not limited to the overall interpretation of Quran from Sunnah, recalling what hide in Quran by using Sunnah and explaining  the vague statements in the Quranic verses by using Sunnah
KONSUMSI DAUN KACANG PANJANG TERHADAP PENINGKATAN HEMOGLOBIN IBU HAMIL
Authors: Juliani Sri , Nurrahmaton Nurrahmaton
Published: November 2021

Latar Belakang: Perubahan hemoglobin pada kehamilan terjadi secara siginifikan khususnya pada trimester II. Prevalensi anemia di Asia sebesar 48,2 % dan di Indonesia sebesar 37,1%. Anemia dapat menjadi potensial membahayakan ibu dan anak. Penanganan yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah dengan pemberian tablet Fe masih belum cukup, yang dikarenakan adanya keluhan dari tablet pada ibu hamil.Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi daun kacang panjang terhadap peningkatan kadar Haemoglobin pada ibu hamil Trimester II dengan anemia di Klinik Pratama Anugerah Kota Binjai.Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan quasy experiment dengan pretest postest control group design dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling sebanyak 16 orang. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji analisis one sample t test.Hasil: Dari hasil penelitian dengan hasil uji statistik nilai Asym sig (2-tailed) 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh konsumsi daun kacang panjang terhadap peningkatan kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil trimester II di Klinik Pratama Anugerah Kota Binjai.Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara daun kacang panjang terhadap peningkatan kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil trimester II. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehatan sehingga pencegahan terjadinya anemia.
ON THE ROLE AND RELEVANCE OF THE UNITED NATIONS AND ITS FUTURE PROSPECTS
Authors: Елизаров Михаил
Published: November 2021

Born out of the ashes of the Second World War, the United Nations has made a major contribution to maintain international peace and security. Based on common goals, shared burdens and expenses, responsibility and accountability, the UN helped to reduce the risk of a repetition of a Word War, to reduce hunger and poverty, and promote human rights. But today, the legitimacy and credibility of the UN have been seriously undermined by the desire of some countries to act alone, abandoning multilateralism. So, do we need the UN today?
Felix Semenovich Voroysky: The 90-th anniversary
Authors: Lindeman E. V.
Published: November 2021

The article is dedicated to the 90-th anniversary of Felix S. Voroysky, Candidate of Science in Engineering, Professor, pedagogue, naval officer, retired captain II rank, and an outstanding expert in library and information automation (1931–2008). His life stages, including his service in the navy, jobs in research institutes, information organizations and libraries, participation in library consortia and their projects of corporate e-catalogs and e-libraries, as well as his pedagogical activities, are discussed. The whole spectrum of his academic interests is reflected in 272 publications with many of them still popular after the years gone and are read when training library specialists in structure and technologies of library and information processes. Felix S. Voroysky served on the organizing committees of the largest professional international forums “Crimea” and “LIBCOM” also chairing the section “Automated and corporate library systems and technologies”.
Searching business information in digital information systems of Russian libraries
Authors: Kulikova A. V.
Published: November 2021

The author continues with her study initially presented in the article “The possibilities of information search in electronic platforms of Russian libraries” (A. V. Kulikova. The possibilities of information search in electronic platforms of russian libraries // The Journal of Encyclopaedic Studies. – 2019. – No 2. – P. 30–52). She demonstrates the methods to be applied for business information search related to local encyclopaedic book publications and identifies the principles to find recent publications promptly and to satisfy user demands most effectively. The bibliographic search success depends upon how the user understands the system. Optimum query formulation saves time and excludes information noise. The key characteristics of library digital information retrieval systems are discussed. The computer systems of 113 regional libraries were analyzed within the study. The following automated library information were tested objectively: IRBIS, RUSLAN, OPAC-Global, Foliant, MacWeb. The author does not intend to advertise or subvertise any ALIS. Her main goal is to reveal the convenient and speedy retrieval methods with existing functionalities.
Die WWU, ihre Krise und Reform - Eine Untersuchung ausgewählter unions- und bundesverfassungsrechtlicher Problemstellungen
Authors: Palmstorfer Rainer
Published: November 2021

Systematische Darstellung und kompetenzrechtliche Analyse der Reformmaßnahmen Seit 2010 ist die Reform der Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion (WWU) ein rechtliches und politisches Dauerthema. Steht die "Eurokrise" am Beginn dieser Reform, so hat diese durch die 2020 einsetzende COVID-19-Pandemie neue Dynamik erfahren. Hierdurch vollzog die WWU einen gravierenden Wandel. Hilfskredite, massive Staatsanleihenankäufe durch die EZB und neuerdings auch die umfangreiche Verschuldung der Union führen die WWU in Richtung einer Fiskalunion. Gleichzeitig rückte die Union mit verschärften Fiskalregeln im Namen der Haushaltsdisziplin immer näher an die Budgethoheit der Parlamente der Mitgliedstaaten heran. Auffallend ist dabei auch, dass diese Reform nicht nur durch das Unionsrecht selbst, sondern verstärkt auch durch völkerrechtliche Verträge zwischen den Mitgliedstaaten getragen wird. In dieser Monografie werden zentrale Problembereiche dieser Reform aus Perspektive des Unionsrechts und der österreichischen Bundesverfassung beleuchtet.
The Relationships Between School Climate, School Belonging and School Burnout in Secondary School Students
Authors: KALKAN Fatma , DAĞLI Emine
Published: November 2021

In this study, the relationships between school climate, school belonging, and school burnout were examined based on the views of secondary school students. 667 middle school students from Dörtyol district of Hatay, selected with a stratified sample, participated in the study. School Climate Scale, School Belonging Scale, and School Burnout Scale were used to collect research data. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, path analysis, and Sobel test were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study show that secondary school students' perceptions of school climate and school belonging are at a high level; their levels of school burnout are medium. Again, the research findings show that there are significant relationships between school climate, school belonging, and school burnout. School climate and school belonging are significant predictors of school burnout. School belonging has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between school climate and school burnout. School climate, which has a significant impact on the school burnout of secondary school students, has this effect directly or indirectly through school belonging.
The Effect of Using Cryptology on Understanding of Function Concept
Authors: EROL Ramazan , SAYGI Elif
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study is to teach the concept of function by using cryptology and to examine whether it provides support to students who have difficulty in integrating this subject into daily life. The study group of the study consisted of 50 primary school teachers in elementary mathematics teaching department of a public university in Ankara. Since the research was aimed to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of using cryptology in teaching the basic function concept, qualitative data were collected and analyzed. The data collection tool of the study is a achievement test consisting of 10 questions prepared by observer researcher, practicing researcher and evaluation expert. This achievement test was applied as both pre-test and post-test. In terms of functions, only the definition of function, inverse function, one-to-one function, set of values-set of definition, set of images and cryptography about where functions can be used in daily life were utilized. As a result of the study, it was concluded that pre-service teachers' awareness about function increased and it was advantageous and possible to use cryptology to connect functions with daily life.
El aprendizaje de las técnicas individuales del voleibol: una experiencia desde las actividades lúdicas
Authors: Álava Párraga Gabriela Maricela
Published: November 2021

Introducción. La enseñanza-aprendizaje de los diferentes deportes en el contexto de la Educación Física Escolar, constituye un tema fundamental, de ahí que en el Currículo de Educación Física en Ecuador integre dentro del bloque curricular Prácticas Deportivas, el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de varios deportes, siendo el Voleibol uno de los deportes que los estudiantes deben aprender. En observación realizada en la Unidad Educativa Eloy Alfaro" del Cantón Chone, específicamente en el 10mo año de Enseñanza General Básica, se pudo detectar limitaciones en el proceso de enseñanza de las técnicas individuales del Voleibol en modalidad online, provocándose dificultades en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes evidenciadas en inconsistencias en la ejecución de las técnicas individuales y poca fluidez en los juegos. Objetivo. Constatar la validez de las actividades lúdicas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las técnicas individuales del Voleibol en modalidad online. Metodología. La investigación siguió un enfoque mixto, de tipo cuasiexperimental con el empleo de métodos teóricos y empíricos que permitieron dar solución al problema objeto de estudio mediante el desarrollo de cinco fases (diagnóstico, revisión documental, elaboración, aplicación y validación). Resultados. 1. Se logra sistematizar desde la teoría científica la importancia de las actividades lúdicas en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Educación Física, evidenciándose en la práctica su utilidad  en el aprendizaje de las técnicas individuales del Voleibol en modalidad online. 2. Quedó constatada la validez de las actividades lúdicas realizadas como una alternativa viable para perfeccionar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las técnicas individuales del Voleibol en modalidad online  3. Se aporta un programa de juegos que dada su estructura es factible a ser aplicado y generalizado. Conclusiones. Se cumplió con los objetivos previstos, aportándose un programa de actividades lúdicas que resulta valido para perfeccionar el aprendizaje de las técnicas individuales del voleibol en la modalidad online.
Impacto de la inversión extranjera directa en el crecimiento económico: análisis peruano de los años 1980 al 2020
Authors: Campana Salgado Lessly Paola , Pozo Castillo Wendy Javiera Geraldine
Published: November 2021

La presente investigación se planteó como objetivo identificar el impacto de la variable inversión extranjera directa en la variable crecimiento económico del Perú, período 1980-2020. La metodología desarrollada, tuvo una orientación cuantitativa, cuyo diseño fue no experimental de corte longitudinal, consideró una evaluación de la data en un período prolongado de años. La técnica aplicada fue el análisis y revisión documental. Se utilizó la data obtenida del BCRP, que identificó el impacto y la influencia de la inversión extranjera en el crecimiento económico, medido en términos del PBI a través de un modelo VAR con las dos variables y el desarrollo de la prueba de Cointegración de Johansen. Finalmente, en base a los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que existe evidencia de una relación positiva de tipo directa entre la variable inversión extranjera directa y la variable crecimiento económico de los años 1980 a 2020, ya que existe al menos un vector o relación de cointegración en el largo plazo.
Heavily T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Myelography as a Safe Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage Detection Modality for Nontraumatic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: An Sungjae , Jeong Han-Gil , Seo Dongwook , Jo Hyunjun , Lee Si Un , Bang Jae Seung , Oh Chang Wan , Kim Tackeun
Published: November 2021

Objective : Nontraumatic subdural hematoma (SDH) is a common disease, and spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a possible etiology of unknown significance, which is commonly investigated by several invasive studies. This study demonstrates that heavily T2-weighted magnetic resonance myelography (HT2W-MRM) is a safe and clinically effective imaging modality for detecting CSF leakage in patients with nontraumatic SDH.Methods : All patients who underwent HT2W-MRM for nontraumatic SDH workup at our institution were searched and enrolled in this study. Several parameters were measured and analyzed, including patient demographic data, initial modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score upon presentation, SDH bilaterality, hematoma thickness upon presentation, CSF leakage sites, treatment modalities, followup hematoma thickness, and follow-up mRS score.Results : Forty patients were identified, of which 22 (55.0%) had CSF leakage at various spinal locations. Five patients (12.5%) showed no change in mRS score, whereas the remaining (87.5%) showed decreases in follow-up mRS scores. In terms of the overall hematoma thickness, four patients (10.0%) showed increased thickness, two (5.0%) showed no change, 32 (80.0%) showed decreased thickness, and two (5.0%) did not undergo follow-up imaging for hematoma thickness measurement.Conclusion : HT2W-MRM is not only safe but also clinically effective as a primary diagnostic imaging modality to investigate CSF leakage in patients with nontraumatic SDH. Moreover, this study suggests that CSF leakage is a common etiology for nontraumatic SDH, which warrants changes in the diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Stress Promoted Nicotine Intake in a Rat Model of Tobacco Smoking
Authors: Tran Thuy , Patel Trisha , Tolliver Treniea , Westbrook Ethan , Liu Xiu
Published: November 2021

Epidemiological documents show an association of tobacco smoking rates and perceived stress levels. This study, using an animal model of nicotine self-administration, investigated effects of stress on nicotine-taking behavior. Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to intravenously self-administer nicotine. Thirty minutes before test sessions, animals were challenged with an intraperitoneal administration of a pharmacological stressor yohimbine. In the low nicotine-taking rats, yohimbine challenge enhanced lever-press responses and thereby nicotine intake. In contrast, no such effect was observed in the high nicotine-taking rats. After yohimbine challenge, nicotine intake in those originally low nicotine-taking rats remained at the heightened level. These findings demonstrate that exposure to stress facilitates nicotine self-administration in the rats previously consuming less nicotine and makes them to become high nicotine-taking subjects. The results of this study suggest that stressful life events may be effective in increasing tobacco smoking in light to moderate smokers and therefore increase the prevalence of nicotine dependence. As such, reducing stress levels in daily life may prove to be an effective approach to the prevention of nicotine addiction.
Alcohol Use Disorder among General Hospital Medical Inpatients
Authors: Danovitch Itai , Nuckols Teryl , Watkins Katherine E. , Ober Allison J. , Mirocha James , Ros Philip , Marin Kailee , Garcia Paloma , William IsHak Waguih
Published: November 2021

Objectives: We sought to examine alcohol use disorder (AUD) among general hospital medical inpatients with respect to identification, service utilization, and initiation of medication-assisted treatment. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review for all adult inpatients over one full calendar year. Subjects were separated into two categories: patients with chart documentation of an AUD diagnosis and those without such documentation. We extracted from the electronic health record and analyzed information on demographics, service utilization, and treatment initiation of medication-assisted treatment for AUD such as naltrexone, disulfiram, or acamprosate. Results: The study revealed three main findings: 1) Less than one percent of patients discharged from the hospital in one full calendar year had an identified AUD diagnosis. 2) Patients with an AUD diagnosis had a significantly higher number of emergency department (ED) visits and longer hospital length of stay (LOS) but did not have significantly higher 30-day hospital readmissions, compared to patients with no AUD diagnosis. 3) Among patients diagnosed with AUD, only 1.8% received FDA-approved medication-assisted treatment for AUD. Conclusions: The AUD identification rate we detected was markedly lower than prevalence rates reported in the literature. Patients who were identified with AUD had higher counts of ED visits and longer LOS. Initiation rates of medication-assisted treatment for AUD were low. The study findings suggest that concerted efforts are needed to improve detection and diagnosis of AUD in order to support the delivery of effective AUD treatment including the initiation of evidence-based pharmacotherapy for AUD in the general hospital setting.
Immunity and Protection – Basic Considerations
Authors: Schmitt Heinz-Josef
Published: November 2021

Innate and adaptive immunity generate pathogen-specific antibodies and cells as basis for the efficacy and effectiveness of vaccines: immunity results in protection.

For almost all currently licensed vaccines, functional antibodies are the most relevant mechanism of action; they work by binding of an antigen, agglutination, neutralization, complement activation and opsonization directed against specific pathogens or toxins.

Immune memory generated by either infection or vaccine priming allows rapid production of antibodies and immune cells (3-7 days) upon later re-infection or (booster-) vaccination.

Vaccine-induced immunity may result in protection even in the absence of any measurable specific antibodies at the time of infection – due to memory cells, and due to the effects of T-cells.

CD4+ T-cells (“T-helper cells”) induce protection largely by cytokine production, CD8+ T-cells can directly or indirectly kill infected or cancerous cells and they can help clear infections.

While antibodies against vaccine antigens can easily be measured by a variety of methods, testing for specific T-cell immunity is less well standardized and more difficult to perform.

The term “seroprotection” indicates a serological value (e.g. a titre), associated with protection used for the purpose of vaccine licensure. Measurements of seroprotection can be the percentage of seroresponders, GMTs, fold rise of antibodies or RCD curves.

In real life, many factors may contribute to individual protection in both, a positive and a negative direction, including factors inherent with the infecting pathogen, epidemiological factors, host factors, and characteristics of the vaccine and vaccination.

Unlike general public belief, the “failure to vaccinate” is more relevant than “vaccine failures” in a population.
Influência da pandemia sobre a prática de exercícios físicos e suas consequências para o público idoso: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Teixeira Ygor , Almeida Priscylla Tavares , Sousa Samara Mendes , Silva Paulina Nunes , Calistro Monyelle de Oliveira , Macedo Lazaro Ranieri , Pereira Daniel Fernandes , Novais Mônica Vieira , Guedes Isadora Cristina Pereira , Bellas Jemima Menezes de Albuquerque , Fernandes Camilla Ytala Pinheiro , Santos Francisca Tavares dos
Published: November 2021

Objetivos: Visualizar os impactos do isolamento social sobre a prática de atividades físicas e suas consequências para o público idoso assim como identificar possíveis alternativas para a prática durante o isolamento e formas de assistência para redução de malefícios. Metodologia:Trata-se de umarevisão sistemática onde foram utilizadas as bases de dados SciELO, Medline, Lilacs e PUBMED. Foram utilizados para composição do espaço amostral apenas trabalhos publicados a partir do ano de 2010. Após remoção das duplicações, aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e leitura para descarte de trabalhos não relacionados à temática da pesquisa ficaram 15 artigos. Resultados: A análise dos trabalhos selecionados sugere que o isolamento social pode trazer malefícios como o aumento da probabilidade do aparecimento de doenças, especialmente as relacionadas ao sistema cardíaco e psicológico. Foram observadas na literatura possíveis ferramentas a serem utilizadas para combater os malefícios causados, como a orientação de atividades por conferência, o incentivo por parte de familiares e amigos para prática de atividades físicas e de lazer e o desenvolvimento de programas públicos voltados ao estímulo da socialização do público idoso. Conclusão: A reclusão social aumenta a possibilidade do surgimento ou agravamento de sintomas relacionados à depressão, ou cardiomiopatias. Neste sentido é importante que o governo implemente programas voltados para socialização, como projetos de visitas domiciliares e o incentivo da prática atividade física em domicilio, orientando os familiares a acompanhar os idosos na prática de exercícios e atividades de lazer.
Contribuições do enfermeiro na educação e gerenciamento do cuidado em tratamento conservador em nefrologia: revisão integrativa
Authors: Lima Rafael Abrantes de , Guimarães Tamires Zêba , Matias Daniela de Oliveira , Borges Letícia Lima , Pimentel Vanessa Peres Cardoso , Rocha Izabella Andrade da , Pereira Gicélia Lombardo , Aguiar Beatriz Gerbassi Costa , Nascimento Brenda Maia do
Published: November 2021

A Doença Renal Crônica é um problema de saúde pública mundial e tem como principais fatores a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e em segundo lugar a diabetes mellitus associados ou não a outros fatores como etilismo, tabagismo, envelhecimento populacional. O objetivo do estudo é identificar as evidências científicas sobre as contribuições dos enfermeiros na educação e no gerenciamento do cuidado de clientes nefropatas em tratamento conservador. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, cujo método permite a análise de múltiplos estudos e, assim, a síntese, contribuindo para elaborar conclusões a respeito de um determinado tema. Resultados: a pesquisa foi composta por nove artigos, o ano de 2013 foi o que apresentou maior número de publicações com três artigos, quanto ao país de origem destaca-se o Brasil com oito artigos publicados e a Revista RENE foi a com maior número de artigos publicados. Destaca-se o papel fundamental do enfermeiro inserido nos ambulatórios de tratamento conservador, que articula com as demais categorias profissionais em busca de melhor condições e qualidade. Evidencia-se a necessidade de conhecer a visão do paciente em relação a doença renal crônica, com o intuito de partilhar melhor as decisões a serem tomadas acerca de tratamento, rede de apoio e profissionais de saúde.
Construção de produtos educacionais sobre o uso racional de medicamentos
Authors: Leandro Ana Renata Lima , Novaes Cinthya Rafaella Magalhães da Nóbrega , Barbosa Érica Paula , Meneses Paulla Valéria de Souza , Sales Melissa Ramos Barros , Bandini Heloisa Helena Motta
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência da construção de produtos educacionais capazes de informar aos usuários e profissionais da saúde sobre o Uso Racional de Medicamentos, por meio de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo relato de experiência, decorrente da produção do Mestrado Profissional em Ensino na Saúde e Tecnologia, de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior em Alagoas. A construção de produtos educacionais em saúde é uma das estratégias de ensino empregadas ao longo do curso. Como produto do trabalho, foi elaborada uma série de três vídeos sobre o Uso Racional de Medicamentos. O processo de elaboração desses produtos educacionais tomou como base o método CTM3, através do qual foram exploradas as ferramentas: Análise Transacional, Exploração Sensorial e a Neurolinguística. O vídeo como ferramenta de ensino constitui um instrumento didático que estimula uma educação mais acessível e de fácil comunicação. Desse modo, conclui-se que, na produção de produtos educacionais em saúde, as habilidades, competências e reconhecimento das necessidades sociais são primordiais, assim como o uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação nas mais diversas formas. O Uso Racional de Medicamentos é um tema relevante e com carência em ampla divulgação.
Silagens de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) aditivadas com resíduo de açaí (Euterpe oleracea)
Authors: Farias Maicon Alexandre Silva , Azevedo Marcia Mourão Ramos , Lopes Thais de Oliveira , Wai Fabrício Eduardo Wayta Wai , Silva Maxan Cássia Castro da , Lima Jucelane Salvino de , Silva Kedes Paulo Pereira
Published: November 2021

Durante a estiagem, o déficit hídrico faz com que as gramíneas apresentem baixa qualidade, além de causar redução na oferta desse volumoso, assim, a ensilagem é uma alternativa, pois preserva forragens, para alimentar os animais nesse período. Objetivou-se avaliar silagens de capim-elefante aditivadas com resíduo de açaí sobre as características sensoriais, o padrão fermentativo, estabilidade aeróbia e composição químico-bromatológica. Os tratamentos consistiram na silagem de capim elefante com inclusão de 0 e 15% de resíduo na matéria natural, com 5 repetições. O capim foi oriundo da Fazenda Experimental da Ufopa. O resíduo do açaí foi coletado em 4 pontos de vendas distintos (Natureza, Tapajós, Nativo e Alemão). O valor médio de pH das silagens foi de 3,86. A média de temperatura dos tratamentos foi de 24,35°C. A silagem sem adição de açaí apresentou menor teor de matéria seca (247,82 g/kg). A silagem sem resíduo de açaí apresentou menor teor de FDN (631,24 g/kg). O tratamento com adição de resíduo do açaí Nativo apresentou maior teor de PB (70,42 g/kg) em relação à silagem Natureza (58,62). Quanto ao nitrogênio amoniacal, o tratamento Tapajós obteve o maior teor (3,6%). As silagens sem adição de açaí e Alemão mantiveram-se estáveis durante o período de exposição ao ar. Conclui-se que a adição de 15% de resíduo de açaí ao capim-elefante para ensilagem mantém as características sensoriais de silagens de boa qualidade nutritiva, aumenta os teores de MS e de FDN e reduz a MM. As silagens de capim-elefante e Alemão apresentaram melhor estabilidade aeróbia.
Afogamentos e agressões: considerações nos dados do Datasus para a Região Metropolitana de Manaus (RMM)
Authors: Ferreira Rúbia Silene Alegre , Monteiro James Barros , Barreto Andrea Cintia Fernandes , Sales Mary Helem Costa de , Cruz Sabrina Helena Sales da , Castro Edimilton Araújo de , Souza Everaldo Nogueira de , Pinheiro Guirlene da Silva
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho faz observações relacionadas às mortes por causas externas na Região Metropolitana de Manaus (RMM). Especificamente observa esta questão com foco nos afogamentos e submersões acidentais e agressões. O período compreendido é de 1996 a 2019, com dados extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM/Datasus). Os resultados apontam que as peculiaridades geográficas do estado do Amazonas colaboram para os índices de afogamentos nestas cidades e que há a necessidade de se trabalhar políticas públicas educativas voltadas para os cuidados com as atividades desenvolvidas sobre as águas e por meio dela. De outro modo, mostra ainda que as agressões são uma das causas de morte que se eleva na linha de tempo estudado, o que retrata que se trata de uma anomalia que atinge significativa parcela da sociedade.