bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estilos de Aprendizagem: proposta de questionário semiautomático de apoio à aprendizagem autorregulada
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Zambon Antonio Carlos , Fujimoto Enzo Juniti ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Gomes Higor Augusto ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um questionário eletrônico semiautomático, baseado no algoritmo do Processo de Análise de Estilos de Aprendizagem por meio de Mapas Conceituais Estendidos. Sua implementação representará uma alternativa para a análise dinâmica dos estilos de aprendizagem e capacitação de alunos para produzirem sua autoavaliação e a aprendizagem autorregulada. No desenvolvimento do questionário foi utilizado o Google Planilhas para a obtenção e armazenamento dos dados e o CmapTools para sua visualização. Os resultados preliminares, demonstrados no caso conceito, confirmam que o questionário é capaz de revelar e representar adequadamente os Estilos de Aprendizagem. Diante disso, a sequência desta pesquisa, consistirá na aplicação extensiva do questionário, com o objetivo de identificar a acuracidade na avaliação dos Estilos de Aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento de relatório para orientação do aluno em suas estratégias de aprendizagem.
Prospects for selective-and-advanced recovery of rhenium from pregnant solutions of in-situ leaching of uranium ores at Dobrovolnoye deposit
Authors: Rudenko A. A. , Troshkina I. D. , Danileyko V. V. , Barabanov O. S. , Vatsura F. Ya.
Published: October 2021

Analysis of exploration materials and market conditions showed that by-product recovery of rhenium, one of the rarest strategic elements of the periodic system, was not always effective in processing the whole volume of pregnant uranium-bearing solutions. The main goal of the research was to develop an effective method for recovery rhenium from pregnant solutions in in-situ uranium leaching. The objectives of the research were as follows: evaluation of the possibility of selective-and-advanced recovery of rhenium from ores by in-situ leaching method and comparison of the technological advantages of the new proposed method with the known ones. The study involved the analysis of historical geological, mineralogical and geochemical information on the Dobrovolnoye deposit and analysis of technological aspects of by-product recovery of rhenium in the world practice. A selective-and-advanced scheme of rhenium recovery from pregnant uranium-bearing sulfate (sulfuric acid) solutions of the Dobrovolnoye deposit ISL (Russia) using mobile installations was proposed. The process has the following features: zoning of production blocks when constructing injection and extraction (pumping) wells; piping of selective extraction wells into a separate collecting pipe; implementation of advanced rhenium sorption. The process implementation makes it possible to obtain rhenium from economically viable areas of the uranium deposit. The mobile installation includes the following main units: a filter for purification (aftertreatment) to remove suspension, a chain of sorption apparatuses (sorption filters or columns), connecting fittings, control and measuring instruments. The sorption apparatuses are filled with rhenium-selective ionite (ion exchanger). As a selective sorbent for the primary concentration of rhenium from sulfate solutions (pH 2), weakly basic nitrogen-bearing ionites containing amine functional groups of various types can be used. If further concentration of rhenium is required, in order to unify the equipment used, materials with a mobile extractant phase (so-called TVEXs (solid extractants or Levextrel resins in English literature) and so-called “impregnated” or “impregnates”), such as TVEX-DIDA containing diisododecyl amine, or TAA-impregnate containing trialkylamine, can be used. Rhenium desorption from these materials is carried out by an ammonia solution, which allows producing rough ammonium perrhenate from the eluate. Economic aspects of the rhenium selective-andadvanced technology were evaluated. Implementation of the recovery selective-and-advanced technology allows obtaining rhenium from economically-viable areas of the uranium deposit.
Stochastic Analysis of the Break-Even of the Enterprise
Authors: Belykh Vasiliy
Published: October 2021

The break-even equation describes the relationship between the financial indicators of a company at various levels of production and sales. The processes that lead to their change are considered deterministic. In this paper, we present a mathematical model that complements the break-even analysis by including the uncertainty related to the operating activity of the company. The method is based on the description of the revenue generation process using the geometric stochastic motion model. In addition to that, to more accurately describe the impact of time we used the concept of the operational cycle.

The equations that we obtained allow us to describe the financial result as a difference in the mathematicalexpectations of profit and loss. This method presents the structure of the financial result in terms of possiblefavorable and unfavorable outcomes, including into the analysis the alternative scenarios of company’s development.

In addition to the theoretical research, we show to what extent the uncertainty of revenue affects the financial performance of a stable operating company. For this purpose, we consider the charts of the probability density functions of the parameters used in the break-even analysis which demonstrate the contribution of the random component on their magnitude.

We will see that the conclusions made with regard to the stochastic nature of the proceeds may differ significantly from the results of the break-even analysis performed on the basis of the assumption of the deterministic nature of the proceeding processes. Within the framework of this paper, the operation of a company is considered primarily from the position of a breakeven analysis. However, the equations that were obtained can be used to calculate the indicators that allow to assess the risks of operating activities. This is shown in the interpretation of the model in terms of the options and calculation of return on equity, taking into account the risk.
Leisure time physical activity, sedentary behavior and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality among US Veterans
Authors: Luc Djousse , Petra Schubert , Yuk-Lam Ho , Stacey B Whitbourne , Kelly Cho , J Michael Gaziano
Published: October 2021

Background: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in the US. Although Physical Activity (PA) has been inversely associated with the risk of CVD, few studies have examined whether sedentary behaviors modify such association. Our goal was to examine associations of leisure time PA with risk of CVD and mortality and the role of sedentary behavior as potential effect modifier among US veterans. Methods: We analyzed self-reported data on leisure time PA, television watching, and time spent on the computer among 438,364 participants of the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program from 2011 to 2018. We calculated metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week (MET-h/week) for each person and used electronic health record data to ascertain CVD. Results: Mean age was 64.6 ± 12.6 years and 92% were men. During a mean follow up of 3.3 years, we observed 22,942 new cases of CVD and 48,325 deaths. There was an inverse relation of leisure time PA with CVD and total mortality [HR: 0.96 (0.95-0.97) and 0.91 (0.90-0.92) per 2 MET-h/week increment for CVD and total mortality, respectively]. The associations of PA with both incident CVD and mortality were stronger in participants who spent more time watching television or on computer (all p values for interaction < 0.01). No interaction of PA with time spent on video game was observed (p>0.05). Conclusions: Leisure time PA is inversely associated with risk of CVD and mortality among US veterans and such relations were stronger in participants who spent more time watching television or on computer.
Los clásicos como resistencia: la lectura literaria en el marco de una educación lectora transmedia / The Classics as Resistance: literary reading within the framework of a transmedia reading education
Authors: Ballester Roca Josep , Méndez Cabrera Jeroni
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, there is a spread of narrative titles inspired by plot structures, characters, themes and archetypes from various literary classics, stories that transcend the pages of books and reach the big cinema screens, the small screens of mobile devices or some platforms of interactive entertainment: streaming services and even video games. Literary reading at present implies the expansion of written culture and literary references through multiple media and modes of expression through forms of interpretation that integrate different types of discourses (textual, visual, sound, interactive) but that result converging on cultural meanings at the same time. Conceiving the new reading literacies as integrated media experiences, which include tansmedia proposals and projects for literary education, as a significant case study, in this work we will proceed to the qualitative analysis of Red Dead Redemption 2 as a paradigmatic sample of a video game that presents interesting intradiegetic elements and intertextualities that positively stimulate reading promotion, considering its implications in relation to the reading of certain literary classics and assessing the possibilities of this medium for the development of literary competence.
El recuerdo y la emoción en la adquisición del hábito lector. Un estudio de caso / The memory and emotion in the acquisition of the reading habit. A case study
Authors: Álvarez Ramos Eva , Mateos Blanco Belén , Alejaldre Biel Leyre , Mayo-Iscar Agustín
Published: October 2021

The recent research carried out by neuroscience applied specifically to the educational field shows how our brain saves with greater precision and in a longer term those events, knowledge, experiences that are directly related to an emotion (either positive, or negative). We intend, through this study, to discover if the memories and emotions ascribed to reading in childhood directly infer the acquisition of the reading habit. To this end, a mixed investigation has been carried out (over 6 academic years) among fourth-year students from the faculties of education of the University of Valladolid (Valladolid and Segovia Campus) enrolled in the subject of Children's Literature and Knowledge of the Environment Through Children's Literature. The intention is to discern and show what types of emotions and memories directly affect reading and whether or not they have a proven relationship with the current reading habit.
Acute myocardial infarction in post COVID-19 patients
Authors:   5th Year Medical Student at the University of Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia, Salas Moisés Andrés Lombana , Jiménez María Camila Miranda ,   5th Year Medical Student at the University of Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia, Coronel Michelle Bedoya ,   5th Year Medical Student at the University of Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia, Madera Wendy Yulieth Herazo ,   General Medical, University of Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia, Salas Enrique Arturo Lombana ,   General Medical, University of Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
Published: October 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 infection has caused mortality in different populations; in addition, morbidity withimmunological, hematological and/or cardiovascular compromises has been reported, with acutemyocardial infarction (AMI) standing out. A literature search was conducted in databases todetermine existing evidence regarding AMI in post-COVID-19 patients. It was found that initially AMIwas described in some patients during the disease; however, a recently published case seriesshowed that it could occur in recovered patients, secondary to systemic and procoagulantinflammation over time, suggesting further research in this area.
Armoede
Authors: Van der Merwe Johan
Published: October 2021

Poverty: A challenge for the Afrikaans reformed churches, 1994-2019This contribution gives an overview of how four of the important reformed churches in South Africa responded to the challenge of poverty from 1994 to 2019. Following an introduction, the first part of the chapter defines poverty and describes the extent of the crisis. It then gives an overview of how the Dutch Reformed Church responded by imbedding compassion into the missional calling of the church. It also describes how early childhood development became the focus of the church in the struggle against poverty. The chapter then describes how the Uniting Reformed Church of Southern Africa was guided in her action by the Belhar Confession. The church integrated the struggle against poverty with the struggle of justice and reconciliation in a post-apartheid South Africa. The focus of the reformed churches in South Africa in addressing poverty was the role of the deacons in the local church. Education is also an important part of their fight against poverty. The Dutch Reformed Church of Africa rose to the challenge by making important structural changes in the church after 1995. This led to the empowerment of deacons in local churches through which the church addressed the poverty of members. The research shows in conclusion how the four churches used different routes to respond to the challenge of poverty in South Africa over the past 25 years.
Império e imagem do poder na Antiguidade Tardia: o 'De regno', de Sinésio de Cirene, entre o 'Dominato' e o Principado
Authors: Jerce da Costa Junior Cesar Luiz
Published: October 2021

Este artigo apresenta algumas considerações acerca da construção da imagem do poder e conduta principesca pensada por Sinésio de Cirene em seu tratado De regno, redigido durante sua estadia na corte do imperador Arcádio. Sinésio se apresenta como um autor helenístico por excelência, mesclando elementos políticos e filosóficos num mosaico de ideias com o propósito reformador de reestabelecer a majestade do Império. A partir do texto do autor, defendemos a seguinte conclusão: a nova imagem do poder oferecida a Arcádio passava pelo afastamento do Dominato e pela reaproximação com o modelo do Principado dos primeiros séculos da Era Cristã.
'Filtrokatadesmos': a simbiose entre os deuses gregos e egípcios nos períodos clássico e helenístico
Authors: Candido Maria Regina
Published: October 2021

A marca de identificação sobre a prática mágica dos katadesmoi, que resultou na elaboração de filtros katadesmoi entre os atenienses, detém vestígios de sua prática durante a praga que afetou Atenas no meio da Guerra do Peloponeso. A magia dos katadesmoi tem a peculiaridade da evocação de diferentes divindades que controlam o espaço sagrado do submundo, chamados deuses ctônicos como Hades, Hermes, Perséfone, Cérbero, Caronte e Hécate. Eles estão presentes nas evocações dos filtros katadesmoi. A singularidade identificada no ritual do filtrokatadesmos é o surgimento de divindades gregas interagindo com os deuses egípcios, evocadas através das palavras mágicas escritas na superfície da lâmina de chumbo.
Fabricação e agência dos amuletos no Egito tardio: o uso de anéis em sortilégios segundo os Papiros Mágicos Gregos
Authors: Soares Hariadne da Penha
Published: October 2021

No presente artigo, objetivamos compreender a fabricação e o uso dos amuletos no Egito tardio a partir do estudo de um tipo especial de artefato mágico: o anel. Na coletânea conhecida como Papiros Mágicos Gregos, encontramos rituais específicos para a fabricação e a consagração de anéis empregados pelos sacerdotes-magos em práticas de adivinhação, coerção e restrição. Portanto, exploramos neste trabalho não apenas o material utilizado para a produção dos anéis, mas também as expectativas criadas mediante o uso de tais artefatos. Objetivando melhor compreender a fabricação e o uso dos anéis mágicos, aplicamos também o conceito de agência, tendo em vista que tais artefatos devem ser considerados em sua capacidade de materializar ações enquanto suportes de magia, que é o que faz com que pessoas os utilizem por acreditar na capacidade dos amuletos de agir entre elas. A fabricação, o uso e a agência dos amuletos constituíam práticas mágicas cotidianas das comunidades do Egito tardio largamente empregadas para fins curativos, como negociação cultural e na solução de conflitos, o que nos permite observar a riqueza de possibilidades de interpretação dos PGM e da cultura material (de natureza mágica) para o conhecimento dos sistemas mágico-religiosos na Antiguidade Tardia.
Functional Determination of Written Communication in Patients with Broca’s Aphasia
Authors: Ivanova E.G. , Skvortsov A.A. , Mikadze Y.V.
Published: October 2021

The research is devoted to the study of the specificity of disorders of written speech in efferent motor agraphia, depending on the functional orientation of writing. The theoretical prerequisite for the work was the functionalist approach developed in the direction of cultural-historical psychology. The goal of the study: to reveal the variability of writing disorders in efferent motor agraphia in the conditions of different types of written speech performance in terms of functional orientation. The study used ecological tasks, which were developed in the culture of everyday writing activities, and traditional diagnostic tasks aimed at assessing separate writing operations. The study involved 22 patients with post-stroke efferent motor agraphia, 13 of them were men, the average age was 55,0±8,0 years. Nineteen patients had higher education, 3 — secondary education. The results of statistical calculations did not reveal significant differences in any of the types of errors at the level of individual words. The analyzed types of written errors were revised in favor of syntactic ones. Intraindividual analysis using nonparametric criteria revealed differences in 5 types of syntax errors. The obtained differences are explained by the choice of certain writing strategies that meet the written task assigned to the patient. The analysis shows the need to take into account not only the various instrumental components of speech and structural units of the language, in particular, syntax, but also functional changes manifested at the level of pragmatics.
Full-time Schooling for Gifted Students in Turkey: What Teachers and Experts Say about This?
Authors: Yüreğilli G.D. , Şakar S.N. , Bicakci M. , Köksal M.S.
Published: October 2021

This study aimed at investigating suggestions provided by gifted education teachers and experts about full-time schooling for gifted students. In this study qualitative survey method was used and data was collected by an open-ended survey and semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed by descriptive analysis including coding and categorizing. Using purposive sampling 341 teachers and 3 experts were selected for this study. The findings revealed that the experts suggested disciplinary and theme-oriented curriculum while the teachers suggested flexible and mixed-type curriculums. The experts and teachers suggested different ideas for outcome of the curriculum of the school, life skills and thinking skills component of the curriculum, features of classroom environment, physical conditions and technical equipment, and evaluation of learning in a full-time gifted school. The findings have merit to represent the general picture for starting a new full-time gifted school and contribute to the literature, authorities and families about necessity of this reform.
Specifics of nature of the biometric data definition in law of the European Union
Authors: Smirnova Y. V.
Published: October 2021

The article offers analysis of the approaches in Russian and European legal doctrine to the definition of “biometric data”, as well as the evolution of the legal definition formation of biometric data in the legislative acts of the EU. The article analyzes the role of biometric data in the personal data system, their characteristics, and the determination of a list of key features that allow an individual's data to be classified as biometric data. Special attention is paid to the list of characteristics that fall under the category of biometric data in accordance with existing scientific approaches on personal data, as well as the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation. The article highlights the main problems of interpretation of the category of biometric data in legal sources, and also suggests the author's legal definition of biometric data that meets, in the author's opinion, the main criteria that characterize specific data of an individual as biometric.
Clinical and electromyography characteristics of chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Koryakina Oksana V. , Kovtun Olga P. , Sabitov Alebai U. , Pediatric Larisa G. , Mikhailovskya Svetlana I. , Repakova Anna V.
Published: October 2021

Background. The Hemoblastoses are one of the urgent problems of oncohematology. Modern methods for the treatment of hemoblastoses have improved the prognosis significantly. However, the use of chemotherapy is accompanied by a high frequency of drug complications, including those associated with neurotoxicity. The addition of neurological symptoms to the main clinical picture of the disease significantly aggravates the patients condition, affects the prognosis and quality to life.

Aim. Compare clinical picture and neurophysiological signs of chemo-induced polyneuropathy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Materials and methods. Neurological examination and electromyography (EMG), were conducted in 21 children aged 3 to 17 years in Regional Children Clinical Hospital of Yekaterinburg from 2019 to 2020.

Results. In the study group, the signs of peripheral polyneuropathy, were revealed in almost all patients receiving induction chemotherapy (95.2%) while clinical neurological symptoms were found in 25% patients. During a 4-month follow-up, all children with subclinical signs of peripheral nerve damage developed corresponding neurological symptoms. According to EMG, the number of patients with mixed polyneuropathy increased by 1.7 times. In every third child, the amplitude of the M-response and nerve conduction velocity, were decreased.

Conclusions. Therefore, neurophysiological examination should be performed at an early stage to identify high-risk groups for neurotoxic complications in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving chemotherapy as timely administration of therapeutic treatment is required.
Experimental modeling of behavioral disorders accompanying hashimoto’s thyroiditis by means of specific immunoglobulins
Authors: Sobolevskaia Polina A. , Gvozdeckii Anton N. , Utekhin Vladimir J. , Efimova Evgenia V. , Kuvarzin Savelii R. , Fedotkina Tamara V. , Churilov Leonid P.
Published: October 2021

Among the manifestations of Hashimotos autoimmune thyroiditis, there are various psychoneurological disorders. For more than a century, it has been known about psycho-neurological disorders associated with hypothyroidism, but along with that, there are also mental disorders in patients with thyropathies in euthyroid state. In 1966, Hashimotos encephalopathy was described, the pathogenesis and clear differential diagnostic criteria of which have not yet been determined. This article describes an experimental study in laboratory mice with intracisternal stereotaxic injection of IgG isolated from patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and comorbid depression or schizophrenia. A control group included animals receiving polyclonal IgG from healthy donors. Then behavioral tests were carried out, which revealed the characteristics and changes in behavior in the operated animals. Thus, animals that received immunoglobulins from patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and depression were less active in relation to the development of risk behavior. Porsolts tests on the 4th and 15th days after surgery showed that, regardless of the kind of the injected solutions, there was a change in the temporal relationships between the behavior patterns. In mice received IgG from patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and schizophrenia during the delayed Porsolt test, the ratio of the forms of motor activity shifted towards passive swimming. The mice received IgG from healthy donors did not demonstrate this change.
About the absence of the need to prescribe antibacterial therapy to newborns from mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis
Authors: Shevareva Ekaterina A. , Fedorova Larisa A. , Nevmerzhitskaia Oksana V.
Published: October 2021

Background. The diagnosis of a woman in labor chorioamnionitis (CA) implies a high risk of infectious complications for the mother and fetus, which determines the need for additional examination of infants and the decision on the appointment of antibacterial therapy. The purpouse of this study was determine the need to administration antibiotic therapy to full-term newborns from mothers diagnosed with chorioamnionitis. Materials and methods. 113 full-term newborns were examined, of which the main group consisted of children whose mothers were diagnosed with chorioamnionitis (n = 77), the comparison group children born to healthy mothers (n = 36). All children performed clinical and laboratory monitoring, including a clinical analysis of capillary blood in the first 24 hours of life; determination of the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in venous blood on the 3rd day of life. Bacteriological examination of newborns included sampling of material from the ear fold, buccal mucosa, umbilical cord blood, as well as the contents of the tracheobronchial tree (TBD) during respiratory therapy with mechanical ventilation. Special research methods included studies of the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6) in umbilical cord blood. Histological CA was diagnosed in the presence of morphological and functional signs of inflammation in the placenta. Results. Newborns of the main group more often developed respiratory disorders requiring respiratory and oxygen therapy (p = 0,045). The production of IL-1, IL-6 in umbilical cord blood in the examined newborns of the main group was higher than in the comparison group [Odds Ratio (OR) 8.4; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.067.9; OR 7.4; 95% CI: 2.521.7 respectively]. The study of blood samples revealed leukocytosis (34109) 6.5% vs 0%, p 0.05) and a shift in the leukocyte count to young forms of neutrophils (45.4% vs 16.7%, p 0.05) in the peripheral blood of infants of the main group. Infants exposed to maternal clinical chorioamnionitis had increased level of CRP 10.3 times more frequent (95% CI: 2.837.1) than in newborns in the comparison group. With dynamic clinical and laboratory monitoring, 72 children of the main group (93.5%) had no data for the course of the infection, as a result of which they did not receive antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: Administration antibiotic therapy to clinically healthy full-term newborns from mothers diagnosed with chorioamnionitis is unjustified. Infants of this group require clinical laboratory, dynamic observation with laboratory control, including a clinical blood test and determination of the CRP level, which is a preferred alternative to the appointment of antibiotic therapy.
Ultrasound-guided thoracoscopic debridement in children with fibrinothorax
Authors: Pavlov Anatoly A. , Sergeeva Adelina I. , Zolnikov Zot I. , Dianova Tatyana I. , Ivanova Olga N. , Andreev Sergey N. , Egorova Irina G.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: With the spread of endoscopic procedures, thoracoscopy has become an ideal method for the surgical treatment of pleural complications. Ultrasound examination of the pleural cavity made it possible to differentiate the nature of the pleural contents and timely use of thoracoscopic sanitation of the pleural cavity.
AIM: This study aimed to conduct ultrasound monitoring of the complete restoration of the pleural cavity after video-assisted thoracoscopic debridement in children with fibrinothorax.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the childrens surgical department of the Republican Childrens Clinical Hospital of Health Ministry of the Chuvash Republic. From 2011 to 2019, 31 children aged 1 month to 18 years were diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia complicated by fibrinothorax, and thoracoscopic debridement and drainage of the pleural cavity were performed. During hospitalization, before thoracoscopy, 13 ultrasound examinations of the pleural cavities and lungs were performed in all children, which made it possible to determine methods of management. After thoracoscopic debridement, ultrasound examination of the pleural cavities was performed 37 times during hospitalization and 12 times monthly for 36 months after discharge from the hospital until the pleural cavity was completely restored.
RESULTS: Ultrasound monitoring of the pleural cavities and lungs after thoracoscopic debridement at the outpatient stage showed that changes in the pleural cavity and lung parenchyma can last up to 6 months, while childrens health status was satisfactory.
CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative and postoperative ultrasound monitoring can adequately assess the overall state of the pleural cavities and lungs. Changes in the pleural cavity after thoracoscopic debridement under ultrasound guidance are observed later than by X-ray. In this regard, after discharge from the hospital, children with complicated purulent and destructive pneumonia who underwent thoracoscopic debridement need ultrasound monitoring of the pleural cavity until it is completely restored.
Biochemical markers of surgical stress in endoscopic rhinosinus surgery under combined anesthesia in children
Authors: Ovchar Tatiana A. , Lazarev Vladimir V. , Korobova Lyudmila S.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic rhinosinus surgery in children is associated with a high anesthetic risk because of intraoperative stress. This study aimed to, considering the dynamic picture of the biochemical markers of surgical stress, to assess the effectiveness of regional methods of combined anesthesia in rhinosinus surgery in children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative study was conducted in parallel groups composed of 100 patients aged 617 years who had undergone an assessment of their physical condition using the ASA I-II scales and planned endoscopic endonasal surgery lasting up to 2 h under combined anesthesia. In all groups, the introductory anesthesia was combined, i.e., inhalation of sevoflurane in an oxygenair mixture in combination with intravenous administration of propofol. To ensure the patency of the respiratory tract, endotracheal anesthesia was administered. Patients were divided into two groups of 50 people each, depending on the method of maintaining anesthesia. Group 1 received inhalation of sevoflurane in an airoxygen mixture with a target value of the minimum alveolar concentration of (MAC) 0.70.9, and regional blockage was performed bilaterally, i.e., pterygopalatine anesthesia with palatine access (palatinal) and infra-orbital intraoral access with ropivacaine solution. Group 2 received inhalation of sevoflurane in an airoxygen mixture with a target value of 1.5 МАС, and 5% tramadol solution was used intravenously for analgesia.
RESULTS: Data on the dynamics of glucose, lactate, and cortisol levels in both groups proved the effectiveness and stability of the anesthesia methods used. However, the concentration of the inhaled anesthetic agent in the tramadol group was used was twice as high as the concentration in the regional anesthetic group.
DISCUSSION: The dynamics and deviations of biochemical markers of surgical stress were not significantly different in the intergroup and intragroup interstage parameters beyond the reference values.
CONCLUSIONS: The proposed anesthesia methods did not induce stress reactions to surgical intervention, and the anesthesia methods in both groups were adequate and effective.
“Bowel Management” program for children with congenital malformations and neurogenic bowel after surgery
Authors: Pimenova Evgeniya S. , Korolev Grigoriy A. , Klementyev Maxim V. , Kezhenbayeva Kulyash M. , Romanova Olga E. , Morozov Dmitriy A.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: After the surgical treatment of children for anorectal malformations, spinal pathology, and Hirschsprungs disease, their quality of life is significantly reduced due to fecal incontinence. For patients with persistent defecation disorders, the Bowel Management program is offered.
AIM: This study analyzes the Bowel Management program implemented in the clinic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective analysis of the program used in children after surgical correction of malformations was conducted. The program comprised the following components: lectures for patients/parents, hospitalization, irrigography with water-soluble contrast, teaching patients/parents about cleansing enemas, keeping a bowel movement diary, plain abdominal X-ray, changing the recipe for enema solution, monitoring the effectiveness, and correcting recommendations.
RESULTS: A total of 66 children from 1.5 to 17 years old were treated. Three groups were identified: (I) anorectal malformations (n = 26), (II) spinal pathology (n = 30), and (III) Hirschsprungs disease (n = 10). The results were considered satisfactory if the bowel cleansing procedure was painless for the child and did not cause stress reactions; the parents were satisfied with the result of the prescribed program if after the enema a sufficient amount of stool was removed within 45 minutes, there were no episodes of defecation during the day. With the help of the Rome IV revision criteria, fecal incontinence was noted in all cases against the background of stool retention. In 11 (16.7%), there was no fecal incontinence even in cases of prolonged stool retention. A correlation was found between high lesions (in the lumbar spine) in spinal hernias with the absence of fecal incontinence with prolonged stool retention compared with the low sacral localization of the hernia. In group I, 91.7% had spinal cord fixation. In group II, 86.7% had it, and none were present in group III. The effectiveness of the program was 83.3%.
CONCLUSION: The Bowel Management is easy to use and effective in 83% of patients. It can be recommended for the rehabilitation of children with defecation disorders, fecal incontinence after surgical correction of congenital malformations (anorectal malformations, spinal pathology and Hirschsprung's disease).
To the 75th Anniversary of Vyacheslav V. Parshikov
Authors: Karpova Irina Yu.
Published: October 2021

This paper describes the professional activities and merits of the pediatric surgeon Vyacheslav V. Parshikov in celebration of his 75th anniversary.
Exploring the Lived Experiences of Underprepared African American Female Students to Understand Factors that Led to Post-Secondary Completion
Authors:   , Worth Cynthia M. , Lyttle Constance
Published: October 2021

This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of provisionally admitted African American female students who were able to complete post-secondary education. This study also explored the factors that supported the academic completion of these African American females. The researcher believes through research of this topic, higher education administrators will gain more insight into the topic and be able to translate understanding to other provisionally admitted students at higher education institutions. The result of this study shows that high school students who do not make the best grades or are not from the best socio-economic environments should not have access to improving their lives through higher education. These individuals want better in life; however, they may not know exactly how to achieve these goals. The participants were admitted to the post-secondary institution through provisional admission, meaning that upon admission to the post-secondary institution, the students were considered not ready to perform academically in post-secondary courses. Even though the participants started the post-secondary institution provisionally admitted, they managed to matriculate and complete their post-secondary education. This study gives voice to these students. Through their stories, participants impact the lives of other individuals who may be experiencing the same challenges they are facing. The data used for this study was collected from 10 graduates of a historically Black college who were provisionally admitted to the college. The research questions guiding this study were: 1. What elements of the collegiate environment had an impact on provisionally admitted African American females' completion of their post-secondary education, who did not choose to participate in the Emerging Scholars program? 2. What elements of the Emerging Scholars program do provisionally admitted African American female students perceive as having had an impact on the completion of their post-secondary education? Even though all participants completed post-secondary education, the study compared the post-secondary completion of provisionally admitted students who participated in the Emerging Scholar programs and those who did not. The themes that emerged from the study were the participants' expectations of post-secondary education, the realities of post-secondary education, influential relationships, and extrinsic motivators. The recommendations showed that emphasis should be placed on holistic approaches to assist students as well as removing the stigma associated with needing and asking for assistance. Keywords: African American, provisionally admitted, underprepared, female, post-secondary completion, factors
Debit and Credit Cards: Money Velocity Risks
Authors: Putra Hari Setia , Huljannah Mutia , Anis Ali , Azhar Zul
Published: October 2021

Payment system innovations as the efforts to meet the people’s needs have recently risen several new non-cash-based payment instruments, such as card-based payment transactions. The upheaval of card-based non-cash transactions has indirectly shifted the role of cash in the society. This research aims to see the effect of cards as payment instruments represented by both debit and credit cards on money velocity in Indonesia within the period of 2016M1 to 2020M6 using the VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) analysis method. The research findings show that long-run card-based payment instrument has a significant effect on money circulation in Indonesia. It means that money velocity in Indonesia is not constant. Money velocity is a key concept in monetary theories and an important element for monetary analysis. Therefore, it is important for central bank to monitor and understand the money velocity trends to provide long-term benefits. The research findings are also expected to provide an additional insight to policymakers, especially central bank as monetary authority doe to the possibly occurring risks caused by the money circulation instability in economy.
Prevalence and pattern of oral and maxillofacial trauma in Chhattisgarh- A retrospective study
Authors: Batra Sushmita , Singhai Surabhi , Krishna B Pramod , Singh Rajdeep , Soni Sushant
Published: October 2021

Maxillofacial trauma is any physical trauma to the facial region, commonly encountered by maxillofacial surgeons, and is often associated with high morbidity and so constitute quite a significant portion of the workload of the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Maxillofacial injuries can occur as an isolated injury or may be associated with multiple injuries in other parts of the body.

To assess the patterns, etiology, and treatment modalities of maxillofacial trauma in a teaching hospital in central India, over a 12-year period.

Patients with maxillofacial trauma were identified using the department database and clinical records. 264 patients were identified with maxillofacial trauma in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery between January 2006 and December 2018.

The study showed that there was a male preponderance in all age groups over female. Of the 264 patients with maxillofacial injuries, 83,33% had isolated lower face (mandibular) fractures, followed by midface fractures (10.60%) and panfacial fractures (6.06%). Road traffic accidents (87.12%) were the most common form of etiology for trauma followed by assaults (10.98%). Most trauma were treated with open reduction internal fixation (89%) than closed reduction (11%).

The etiology and pattern of maxillofacial injuries reflect the trauma patterns within the community and can thus provide a guide to help design programs toward prevention and treatment.
Medicamentos sobrantes y caducados en el hogar ¿su almacenaje y desecho representan un problema de salud pública?
Authors: Calderón Juan Martín , Tarapués Mónica
Published: October 2021

Los medicamentos sobrantes y caducados en el hogar deberían ser eliminados de una manera que garantice la seguridad de la población, y que tenga un impacto negativo mínimo en el medio ambiente. Desde esta perspectiva se desarrolló el presente estudio cuyo objetivo fue conocer las prácticas de desecho de medicamentos del botiquín familiar en estudiantes de medicina en Quito-Ecuador. Entre diciembre de 2018 y enero de 2019, se encuestaron 498 estudiantes de diferentes semestres, y se evidenció que hasta un 30,3% de estudiantes alguna vez desechó los medicamentos a través del inodoro, y un 7,2% reconoció que sacaba los medicamentos del empaque primario, para depositarlos en la basura común. Como objetivo secundario se analizaron los medicamentos caducados y sobrantes del botiquín familiar de los encuestados. Se encontró que los medicamentos más frecuentes fueron metformina, seguido por acetaminofén, espironolactona e ibuprofeno. El estudio muestra la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias multisectoriales para la implementación de políticas sobre el desecho doméstico, las cuales permitirán controlar, y en el mejor de los casos, disminuir el impacto negativo tanto ambiental como en salud pública.
INDEPENDENCE OF CENTRAL BANK: NEW CHALLENGES
Authors: Kyrylenko V. , Kulaga I. , Tkachenko O. , Khokhych D.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The studydeals with determining the status of central banks and their formal independence in the context of the index approach. The authors argue that there is an inverse relationship between inflation and the level of independence of central banks. It turned out that the expansion of powers of the central bank based on the GMT-index shows a lower level of independence. The authors conducted a quantitative study of the elements of the index of independence of central banks. The peculiarities of formulating the central bank's mandate, procedures for agreeing goals, appointing management and duration of its stay in an office, ability to choose and apply monetary instruments, procedures for covering operating costs of the central bank and transferring profits to the budget, correct interpretation of legislation are identified. The problems of the index approach are the interpretation of the central bank's mandate, the density of the relationship between indices and inflation rates, as well as the quantification of legislation. To eliminate the shortcomings of the basic index approach, alternative approaches are proposed, in particular, the index of constitutional independence, the TOR index and the index of political vulnerability of the management. Extrapolating the index approach for developed countries does not always work when the sampling expands to include emerging market countries. Particularlyin countries with weak institutions, the de facto independence of the central bank does not always correspond to the formal one. For example, in Ukraine, asserting the consistency of the relationship between the inflation rate and the level of formal independence is quite complicated. Particular attention is paid to the problem of opposition to the political and economic independence of the central bank. The originality of the article is due to the need to identify new challenges to the independence of monetary authorities due to macroeconomic and institutional factors that lead to imbalances between the status of central banks and the consolidation of monetary objectives (instruments) at the legislative level to achieve price stability.
Keywords: central bank, economic independence, quality of institutes, GMT-index, political power.
JEL Classification G21
Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 19.
MECHANISM FOR NEUTRALIZING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL THREATS TO THE FINANCIAL SECURITY
Authors: Zhyvko Z. , Senyshyn O. , Rushchyshyn N. , Kukharska L. , Drymalovska Kh.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The main purpose of the article is to form a consistent and clear mechanism for neutralizing internal and external threats to financial security. Financial security at any level always implies a state of security against the impact of threats. Terms such as «risk», «call» and «danger» are often used. The article establishes the essence of the concepts of «financial security of higher education institution», «danger», «risk», «challenge» and «threat». Classification of threats into internal and external ones is carried out, their sources and factors are identified. The methods used to assess risks, their advantages and disadvantages are defined. It is offered to carry out an estimation of risks of financial security of higher education institutions by means of SWOT-analysis and expert methods, and using point marks to establish a generalized estimation of one expert of influence of factors of strong and weak sides of activity of higher education institution on assistance to use of possibilities and protection against threats taking into account probability of their occurrence. The generalized result of activity of higher educational institutions is calculated, which showed insignificant prevalence of internal strong factors in activity of higher educational institutions on quality of educational services provided by them and provision of financial security. Weaknesses of activity of higher education institutions on which management of quality of educational services for the purpose of maintenance of financial security should be focused, and also those strong sides of activity which potential should be used for achievement of the set goal are established. Based on the results of the study, it was identified the main weaknesses that the management of the quality of educational services should pay attention to in order to ensure the financial security of higher education institutions. It is necessary to take into account that the results of this assessment are quite variable in time, because according to the circumstances may change the system of factors, and step their influence. According to the results of the analysis, the most significant factors of internal and external environment of the institution of higher education were identified, and the matrix of components of the SWOT-analysis will take shape.
 Keywords: financial security, threats, higher education institutions, education, risk.
 JEL Classification B26, G29, I22, P43
 Formulas: 3; fig.: 0; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 15.