bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil from Different Blocks of Adilabad District, Telangana, India
Authors: Reddy Gaddam Rajashekar , Thomas Tarence , Swaroop Narendra , Singh Anurag Kumar , Naga Indar Raj
Published: June 2023

An Assessment of Physico-chemical properties of soil from different blocks of Adilabad district, Telangana was carried out in 2022-23. To determine the availability of macro nutrient in soil of these soil samples and provide the assessment of 9 sampling locations were selected. Soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm respectively. Soil textural classes were sandy clay loam. Bulk Density varies from (1.36 to 1.64 Mg m-3). Particle Density varies from (2.34 to 2.49 Mg m-3). % Pore Space (41.23 to 49.16 %), The Water Holding Capacity varies from (36.65 to 45.89%) the physical condition of the soil was found good. The pH of soil is alkaline in nature (7.43 to 8.90) and the Electrical Conductivity (0.17 to 0.49 dS m-1) was suitable for all crops. Organic carbon was found low to medium (0.31 to 0.48%). These soils have low Nitrogen (190.00 to 220.00 kg ha-1) in all villages. Phosphorus (16.14 to 25.58 kg ha-1) is found medium to high. Potassium (219.87 to 277.51 kg ha-1) is found medium in range. Calcium (3.68 to 5.45 meq 100 g-1) and Magnesium (1.89 to 2.76 meq 100 g-1) are sufficient in this soil. There is an including awareness of the need to pay greater attention in the role of macronutrients enhancement in the soil for good soil health and proper nutrition of plant so as to attain optimum economic yield and soil is suitable for all major tropical and sub-tropical crops.
Effect of Spacing and Hybrid on Quality of Summer Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) under South Gujarat Condition
Authors: Patel N. A. , Raj A. D. , Surve V. , Sankhala P. M. , Parmar V. T.
Published: June 2023

A field experiment conducted during summer season 2018 on College Farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari on heavy black soil consisting nine treatments combinations were laid out in Randomized block design with factorial concept with four replications. The results revealed that the highest yield and net return of summer pearl millet was obtained with row spacing 45 × 15 cm or 60 × 15 cm along with hybrid GHB – 732 or GHB –558. Sowing of pearl millet at 45 × 15 cm row spacing showed significantly higher protein yield (508.85 kg/ha), grain yield (4775 kg/ha), straw yield (7828 kg/ha), nutrients uptake by grain and straw and maximum net realization of Rs.81295/ha with BCR of 3.07.  The hybrid GHB-732 gave significantly higher protein yield (498.75 kg/ha), grain yield (4579 kg/ha), straw yield (7536 kg/ha), nutrients (N and K) uptake and total uptake by grain and straw and maximum net realization of Rs.77014/ha with highest BCR 2.91.
The Impacts of Climatic Variability on the Grain Yield Performance of Open Pollinated Varieties (OPV) of Maize in a Rainforest Location of Nigeria
Authors: Akintibu T. S. , Oluwaranti A. , Fakorede M. A. B.
Published: June 2023

Aims: The objectives of the study were to examine the effects of climatic factors on maize yield and identify best planting date for maize in Rainforest Agroecology of Nigeria.

Study Design: Grain yield of seventeen open pollinated varieties of maize evaluated in 21 randomly selected environments in the Rainforest Agroecology of Nigeria were used for the study. Each field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications and 5 m long single-row plots spaced at 0.75 m apart and three seeds were planted 0.5 m apart within the row.

Place and Duration of Study: Grain yield of 17 maize varieties evaluated at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm (7°28'N, 4°33'E, altitude 224 m above sea level) during the late cropping seasons of 2001, 2005 and early cropping seasons of 2002, 2006 were used for this study.

Methodology: The grain yield and climatic data within the period of evaluation was subjected to Analysis of variance and correlation analysis.

Results: Rainfall alone significantly accounted for over 42 % of the total variation on grain yield across the environments while the combination of two climatic factors revealed significant variation across the combination ranging from over 41 % to 45 % with minimum relative humidity and maximum temperature together having the highest significant variation on grain yield of Maize. There was also highly significant positive correlation between grain yield and total rainfall (r = 0.65**) and minimum relative humidity (r = 0.64**).

Conclusion: Ranking of the twenty-one environments for average grain yield, the most favourable planting date ranged from early April to early May in Rainforest Agro-ecology of Nigeria.
Intimate Partner Violence Determinants in Botswana: A Case of Male Survivors
Authors: Moseki-Lowani Tendani , Maripe Kgosietsile , Maundeni Tapologo
Published: June 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious social problem, which affects millions of men. Historically, intimate partner violence has been considered a female victim issue and the concept of female victims is much more recognized in the general population than the concept of male victims. IPV against men is a phenomenon that has received little attention in the academic literature and the media around the world. This paper explores the determinants of Intimate Partner Violence and uses social learning theory to examine dynamics surrounding IPV in male survivors by identifying major areas, and significant players in the male’ survivors’ life that can help understand factors that put them at risk of IPV, which could be entry points for interventions and mitigation strategies. Desk review was used and focused on the current state of knowledge on the determinants and men’s experiences of IPV. Since governments have an obligation to serve all citizens, there is a need to widen the scope of social policy in this area. Governments should continue developing policies with the explicit objective of responding to, preventing, and ending violence against both women and men. However, gender-based analysis approaches to IPV need to consider the impacts of violence on all genders and develop policy-relevant responses to the needs of each, men, and women. Additionally, the study points to the need for research that may be wider in scope, cover more geographical areas and document the experiences of men as victims of IPV. Expand research on male survivors of IPV by encouraging more inclusive research designs that investigate patterns of IPV across the gender spectrum.
Comparative Effectiveness of First‐Line Baricitinib in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Australian OPAL Data Set
Authors: Ciciriello Sabina , Littlejohn Geoffrey , Treuer Tamas , Gibson Kathryn A. , Haladyj Ewa , Youssef Peter , Bird Paul , O'Sullivan Catherine , Smith Tegan , Deakin Claire T. ,   OPAL Rheumatology
Published: June 2023

Objective

To analyze comparative treatment persistence for first‐line baricitinib (BARI) versus first‐line tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and for first‐line BARI initiated as monotherapy versus first‐line BARI initiated with at least one conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD).

Methods

Patients with RA who initiated BARI or TNFi as first‐line biologic or targeted synthetic DMARD from October 1, 2015, to September 30, 2021, were identified in the OPAL data set. Drug survival times to 6, 12, and 24 months were analyzed using restricted mean survival time (RMST). Multiple imputation and inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to address missing data and nonrandom treatment assignment.

Results

A total of 545 patients initiated first‐line BARI, including 118 as monotherapy and 427 as csDMARD combination therapy. Three thousand five hundred patients initiated first‐line TNFi. There was no difference in drug survival to 6 or 12 months for BARI compared with TNFi; differences in RMST were 0.02 months (95% CI: −0.08 to 0.013; P = 0.65) and 0.31 months (95% CI: −0.02 to 0.63; P = 0.06), respectively. Patients in the BARI group had 1.00 month (95% CI: 0.14 to 1.86; P = 0.02) longer drug survival to 24 months. There was no difference in drug survival for BARI monotherapy compared with combination therapy, with differences in RMST to 6, 12, and 24 months of −0.19 months (95% CI: −0.50 to 0.12; P = 0.12), −0.35 months (95% CI: −1.17 to 0.42; P = 0.41), and −0.56 months (95% CI: −2.66 to 1.54; P = 0.60), respectively.

Conclusion

In this comparative analysis, treatment persistence up to 24 months was significantly longer for first‐line BARI compared with TNFi, but the effect size of 1.00 month is not clinically meaningful. There was no difference in persistence for BARI monotherapy versus combination therapy.
Strong Piezoelectricity and Improved Rectifier Properties in Mono‐ and Multilayered CuInP2S6
Authors: Jiang Xingan , Zhang Xiangping , Niu Ruirui , Ren Qi , Chen Xue , Du Guoshuai , Chen Yabin , Wang Xiaolei , Tang Gang , Lu Jianming , Wang Xueyun , Hong Jiawang
Published: June 2023

Most atomically thin piezoelectrics suffer from weak piezoelectric response or current rectification along the thickness direction, which largely hinders their applications in a vertical crossbar architecture. Therefore, exploring new types of ultrathin materials with strong longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient and rectification is highly desired. In this study, the monolayer of van der Waals CuInP2S6 (CIPS) is successfully exfoliated and its strong piezoelectricity in the out‐of‐plane direction with an effective coefficient d33eff of ≈5.12 pm V−1, which is one or two orders of magnitude higher than that of most existing monolayer materials with intrinsic d33, is confirmed. A prototype vertical device is further constructed and the current rectification is achieved through the flexoelectricity induced by the scanning tip force. The switching between low and high rectification states can be readily controlled by tuning the mechanical loads. These findings manifest that CIPS possesses promising application in vertical nanoscale piezoelectric devices and provides a novel strategy for achieving a good current rectification in ultrathin piezoelectrics.
Reaching the Fundamental Limitation in CO2 Reduction to CO with Single Atom Catalysts
Authors: Sarma Saurav Ch , Barrio Jesús , Bagger Alexander , Pedersen Angus , Gong Mengjun , Luo Hui , Wang Mengnan , Favero Silvia , Zhao Chang‐Xin , Zhang Qiang , Kucernak Anthony , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena , Stephens Ifan E. L.
Published: June 2023

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to value‐added chemicals with renewable electricity is a promising method to decarbonize parts of the chemical industry. Recently, single metal atoms in nitrogen‐doped carbon (MNC) have emerged as potential electrocatalysts for CO2RR to CO with high activity and faradaic efficiency, although the reaction limitation for CO2RR to CO is unclear. To understand the comparison of intrinsic activity of different MNCs, two catalysts are synthesized through a decoupled two‐step synthesis approach of high temperature pyrolysis and low temperature metalation (Fe or Ni). The highly meso‐porous structure results in the highest reported electrochemical active site utilization based on in situ nitrite stripping; up to 59±6% for NiNC. Ex situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) confirms the penta‐coordinated nature of the active sites. The catalysts are amongst the most active in the literature for CO2 reduction to CO. The density functional theory calculations (DFT) show that their binding to the reaction intermediates approximates to that of Au surfaces. However, it is found that the turnover frequencies (TOFs) of the most active catalysts for CO evolution converge, suggesting a fundamental ceiling to the catalytic rates.
Skin‐Inspired Porous Mesh Bioelectronics with Built‐In Multifunctionality for Concurrently Monitoring Heart Electrical and Mechanical Functions
Authors: Ling Yun , Zhao Ganggang , Su Yajuan , Wu Qian , Xu Yadong , Chen Zehua , Arends Brian , Emeje Ogheneobarome , Huang Guoliang , Xie Jingwei , Yan Zheng
Published: June 2023

Skin exhibits nonlinear mechanics, which is initially soft and stiffens rapidly as being stretched to prevent large deformation‐induced injuries. Developing skin‐interfaced bioelectronics with skin‐inspired nonlinear mechanical behavior, together with multiple other desired features (breathable, antibacterial, and sticky), is desirable yet challenging. Herein, this study reports the design, fabrication, and biomedical application of porous mesh bioelectronics that can simultaneously achieve these features. On the one hand, porous serpentine meshes of polyimide (PI) are designed and fabricated under the guidance of theoretical simulations to provide skin‐like nonlinear mechanics and high breathability. On the other hand, ultrasoft, sticky, and antibacterial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is developed through epsilon polylysine (ε‐PL) modifications, which currently lacks in the field. Here, ε‐PL‐modified PDMS is spray‐coated on PI meshes to form the core–shell structures without blocking their pores to offer ultrasoft, sticky, and antibacterial skin interfaces. And rationally designed porous hybrid meshes can not only retain skin‐like nonlinear mechanical properties but also enable the integration of both soft and hard bioelectronic components for various healthcare applications. As the exemplar example, this study integrates soft silver nanowires (AgNWs) based electrophysiological sensors and rigid commercial accelerometers on multifunctional porous meshes for concurrently monitoring heart electrical and mechanical functions to provide the comprehensive information of the evolving heart status.
A Multifunctional Wood‐Derived Separator Towards the Problems of Semi‐Open System in Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Zhang Guoliang , Zhang Dongmei , Yang Ruonan , Du Yong , Wang Ning , Guo Zhanhu , Mai Xianmin , Dang Feng
Published: June 2023

The semi‐open system of lithium‐oxygen batteries (LOBs) results in electrolyte depletion, lithium anode corrosion, and by‐product deposition, and therefore represents a major challenge that hinders their application. Here, the aligned and open microchannel structures of wood are fabricated as separators to provide low‐tortuosity pathways for rapid ionic transport and serve as reservoirs for retaining the electrolyte by capillary forces to improve the electrochemical kinetics. In an open environment, the wood separator can hold 39% of the initial adsorption electrolyte capacity after 40 days, much higher than that of glass fiber (GF, 15%). The cellulose in the wood can confine the crossover effect of water thereby inhibiting the corrosion of lithium anode and reducing the deposition of by‐products. Density functional theory calculations certify that the abundant functional groups and uniform electron distribution in cellulose increase lithium‐ion concentration on the wood surface and promote lithium‐ion migration with a low diffusion barrier. LOBs composed of the wood‐derived separator displayed excellent anodic reversibility (over 1200 h) and effectively improved cathodic lifetime over 300 cycles (1.6 times longer than that of GF separator). These findings illustrate the significant potential of this candidate separator for high‐performance LOBs and are expected to be extended to metal‐air batteries.
Fabrication of Single‐Crystalline CoCrFeNi Thin Films by DC Magnetron Sputtering: A Route to Surface Studies of High‐Entropy Alloys
Authors: Schwarz Holger , Apell Jonathan , Wong Ha Kit , Henning Peter , Wonneberger Robert , Rösch Niels , Uhlig Thomas , Ospald Felix , Wagner Guntram , Undisz Andreas , Seyller Thomas
Published: June 2023

High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) with their almost limitless number of possible compositions have raised widespread attention in material science. Next to wear and corrosion resistive coatings, their application as tunable electrocatalysts has recently moved into the focus. On the other hand, fundamental properties of HEA surfaces like atomic and electronic structure, surface segregation and diffusion as well as adsorption on HEA surfaces are barely explored. The lack of research is caused by the limited availability of single‐crystalline samples. In the present work, the epitaxial growth of face centered cubic (fcc) CoCrFeNi films on MgO(100) is reported. Their characterization by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrates that the layers with a homogeneous and close to equimolar elemental composition are oriented in [100] direction and aligned with the substrate to which they form an abrupt interface. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low‐energy electron diffraction (LEED), and angle‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy are employed to study chemical composition and atomic and electronic structure of CoCrFeNi(100). It is demonstrated that epitaxially grown HEA films have the potential to fill the sample gap, allowing for fundamental studies of properties of and processes on well‐defined HEA surfaces over the full compositional space.
Copper‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Asymmetric Hydrogenation of C=O Bonds of Exocyclic α,β‐Unsaturated Pentanones
Authors: Guan Jing , Chen Jianzhong , Luo Yicong , Guo Lisen , Zhang Wanbin
Published: June 2023

A highly chemoselective earth‐abundant transition metal copper catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of C=O bonds of exocyclic α,β‐unsaturated pentanones was realized using H2. The desired products were obtained with up to 99 % yield and 96 % ee (enantiomeric excess) (99 % ee, after recrystallization). The corresponding chiral exocyclic allylic pentanol products can be converted into several bioactive molecules. The hydrogenation mechanism was investigated via deuterium‐labelling experiments and control experiments, which indicate that the keto‐enol isomerization rate of the substrate is faster than that of the hydrogenation and also show that the Cu−H complex can only catalyze chemoselectively the asymmetric reduction of the carbonyl group. Computational results indicate that the multiple attractive dispersion interactions (MADI effect) between the catalyst with bulky substituents and substrate play important roles which stabilize the transition states and reduce the generation of by‐products.
Tailoring Extremely Narrow FWHM in Hypsochromic and Bathochromic Shift of Polycyclo‐Heteraborin MR‐TADF Materials for High‐Performance OLEDs
Authors: Naveen Kenkera Rayappa , Oh Jun Hyeog , Lee Hyun Seung , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: June 2023

Developing double boron‐based emitters with extremely narrow band spectrum and high efficiency in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is crucial and challenging. Herein, we report two materials,NO‐DBMRandCz‐DBMR, hinge on polycyclic heteraborin skeletons based on role‐play of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels. TheNO‐DBMRcontains an oxygen atom, whereas theCz‐DBMRhas a carbazole core in the double boron‐embedded ν‐DABNA structure. The synthesized materials resulted in an unsymmetrical pattern forNO‐DBMRand surprisingly a symmetrical pattern forCz‐DBMR. Consequently, both materials showed extremely narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 14 nm in hypsochromic (pure blue) and bathochromic (Bluish green) shifted emission without losing their high color fidelity. Furthermore, both materials show high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of over 82 %, and an extremely small singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST) of 0.04 eV, resulting in high reverse intersystem crossing process (kRISC) of 105 s−1. Due to the efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics, the fabricated OLEDs based on these heteraborins manifested maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 33.7 and 29.8 % forNO‐DBMRandCz‐DBMR, respectively. This is the first work reported with this type of strategy for achieving an extremely narrow emission spectrum in hypsochromic and bathochromic shifted emissions with a similar molecular skeleton.
Jerne's “immune network theory”, of interacting anti‐idiotypic antibodies applied to immune responses during COVID‐19 infection and after COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Kurbel Sven
Published: June 2023

Niels Kaj Jerne has proposed the “immune network theory” of interactions among anti‐idiotypic antibodies, able to interfere with humoral responses to certain antigens. After the occurrence of the primary generation of antibodies, against an antigenic epitope, idiotypes of these antibodies induce anti‐idiotypic antibodies that modulate the intensity of the first response, and so on. Adverse effects following SARS‐COV‐2 COVID‐19 vaccines are occasionally similar to the symptoms of COVID‐19 infection. Rare events linked to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines also resemble some rarely reported COVID‐19 complications. Safety data from product information by European Medicines Agency suggest that spectra do overlap for four main vaccines. The proposition is that vaccine events and COVID‐19 complications are related to anti‐idiotypic antibodies whose spatial shape can lead to interactions with ACE2 molecules, in individuals with a prolonged Spike protein synthesis. The vaccines target cells by their affinity to the vaccine vector, or to engulf lipid nanoparticles. Anti‐idiotypic antibodies shaped similarly to the Spike protein possibly interact with ACE2 molecules and cause diverse signs and symptoms.
Quercetin attenuates angiotensin II‐induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and p53 pathway activation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Ali Farman , Wang Di , Cheng Ying , Wu Meizhu , Saleem Muhammad Zubair , Wei Lihui , Xie Yi , Yan Mengchao , Chu Jiangfeng , Yang Yanyan , Shen Aling , Peng Jun
Published: June 2023

Quercetin is an essential flavonoid mostly found in herbal plants, fruits, and vegetables, which exhibits anti‐hypertension properties. However, its pharmacological impact on angiotensin II (Ang II) induced the increase of blood pressure along with in‐depth mechanism needs further exploration. The present study pointed out the anti‐hypertensive role of quercetin and its comprehensive fundamental mechanisms. Our data showed that quercetin treatment substantially reduced the increase in blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and aortic thickness of abdominal aorta in Ang II‐infused C57BL/6 mice. RNA sequencing revealed that quercetin treatment reversed 464 differentially expressed transcripts in the abdominal aorta of Ang II‐infused mice. Moreover, overlapping KEGG‐enriched signaling pathways identified multiple common pathways between the comparison of Ang II versus control and Ang II + quercetin versus Ang II. Likewise, these pathways included cell cycle as well as p53 pathways. Transcriptome was further validated by immunohistochemistry, indicating that quercetin treatment significantly decreased the Ang II‐induced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin‐dependent kinase‐4 (CDK4), and cyclin D1, while increased protein expression of p53, and p21 in abdominal aortic tissues of mice. In vitro, quercetin treatment meaningfully decreased the cell viability, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and up‐regulated the p53 and p21 proteins expression, as well as down‐regulated the protein expression of cell cycle‐related markers, for example, CDK4, cyclin D1 in Ang II stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This study addresses pharmacologic and mechanistic perspectives of quercetin against Ang‐II‐induced vascular injury and the increase of blood pressure.
Control of biomaterial‐associated infections through biofabrication of gold nanoparticles using Musa sapientum extract
Authors: Paosen Supakit , Bilhman Siwaporn , Wunnoo Suttiwan , Ramanathan Srinivasan , Septama Abdi Wira , Lethongkam Sakkarin , Voravuthikunchai Supayang Piyawan
Published: June 2023

Biofilm‐associated infections are a critical element in infectious diseases and play an important role in antibiotic resistance. Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using ethanolic extract of Musa sapientum unripe fruit were performed. The nanoparticles demonstrated an absorption peak at 554 nm with particle sizes ranging from 5.45 to 104.44 nm. High negative zeta potential value of −33.97 mV confirmed the high stability of AuNPs. The presence of bioconstituents responsible for capping and stabilization was indicated by intensity changes of several peaks from Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the biosynthesized AuNPs against important pathogens ranged from 10 to 40 μg mL−1. Synthesized nanoparticles at 0.062 to 0.5 × MIC significantly inhibited biofilm formation in all the tested microorganisms (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy images clearly illustrated in disruption and architectural changes of microbial biofilms at sub‐MIC of biosynthesized AuNPs. Excellent antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of AuNPs were observed. The biosynthesized AuNPs at 20 μg mL−1 significantly inhibited nitric oxide production by 93% in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, compared with control (p < 0.05). The biosynthesized AuNPs at 0.6 to 40 μg mL−1 demonstrated no toxic effects on L929 fibroblast cells.
Could tumour volume and major and minor axis based on CTA statistical anatomy improve the pre‐operative T‐stage in oesophageal cancer?
Authors: Wang Runyuan , Zhang Xiaoqin , Wu Wei , Ma Jinfeng , Chen Jincheng , Zhang Zhu , Liu Liqun , Xu Shanshan , Cao Ximei , Wu Yi , Cui Huilin
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To statistically study the 3D shape of oesophageal cancer (EC) and its spatial relationships based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) 3D reconstruction, to determine its relationship with T‐stages, and to create an optimal T‐stage diagnosis protocol based on CTA calculation.

Methods

Pre‐operative CTA images of 155 patients with EC were retrospectively collected and divided into four groups: T1–T4. We used Amira software to segment and 3D reconstruct the EC, oesophagus, aorta, pericardium and peripheral lymph nodes and measured their surface area, volume, major axis, minor axis, longitudinal length, roughness and relationship to the aorta of the EC. One‐way ANOVA, independent sample t‐test, ROC, etc., were performed and critical values between different T‐stages were calculated. We also invited two radiologists to evaluate the measurements.

Results

There were no significant differences in EC longitudinal length, roughness score and relationship with the aorta between the different T‐stages of EC. There were significant differences in EC surface area, EC volume and mean major and minor axis among the different T‐stages. The volumes of the T1–T4 tumours were 12,934.36 ± 7739.25, 23,095.27 ± 14,975.67, 37,577.98 ± 36,085.64 and 58,579.25 ± 41,073.96 mm3 separately (p < 0.05), and the T1–T4 volume cut‐off values were 11,712.00, 19,809.00 and 44,103.50 mm3 separately. For comparison with radiologists, the AUC value of our measurements was 0.704, which was higher than the radiologists of AUC = 0.630.

Conclusions

EC volume, major and minor axis can be used as important factors for surgeons in the T‐stage diagnosis of EC, which helps to improve prognosis and treatment decisions after CTA.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of second‐ and third‐generationTKIsfor non‐small‐cell lung cancer with uncommonEGFRmutations
Authors: Hao Yue , Xu Manyi , Jin Jianan , Si Jinfei , Xu Chunwei , Song Zhengbo
Published: June 2023

Background

The efficacy of definite for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations has been preliminarily demonstrated. However, there is a paucity of data with which to compare the efficacy and safety of second‐ and third‐generation TKIs in patients with NSCLC carrying uncommon EGFR mutations.

Methods

We compared the efficacy and safety of second‐ and third‐generation TKIs in all NSCLC patients in whom next‐generation sequencing confirmed uncommon EGFR mutations, including G719X, S768I, and L861Q. The parameters analyzed included the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The rate of treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) reflected the safety of these TKIs.

Results

Eighty‐four NSCLC patients with uncommon EGFR mutations were enrolled between April 2016 and May 2022 at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, including 63 treated with second‐generation TKIs and 21 treated with third‐generation TKIs. The ORR for all patients receiving TKIs was 47.6%, and the DCR was 86.9%. The median PFS for NSCLC patients with uncommon EGFR mutations receiving TKIs was 11.9 months and OS was 30.6 months. There was no significant difference in PFS after treatment with second‐ or third‐generation TKIs (13.3 vs. 11.0 months, respectively,P = 0.910) or in OS (30.6 vs. 24.6 months, respectivelyP = 0.623). The third‐generation TKIs showed no severe toxicity.

Conclusions

The efficacy of second‐ and third‐generation TKIs for NSCLC with uncommon EGFR mutations does not differ, and so can be used to treat NSCLC patients with these mutations.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Cu(II) Complexes Containing Triflupromazine with Glycine and Histidine
Authors: Sultan Nourhan S. , Elhakim Heba K. A. , Shoukry Azza A. , Rashidi Fatma B.
Published: June 2023

Two novel copper (II) complexes [Cu(TFP)(Gly)Cl] ⋅ 2H2O complex (1) and [Cu(TFP)(His)Cl] ⋅ 2H2O complex (2) are synthesized, where TFP stands for trifluropromazine, Gly. represents glycine, and His. is histidine. Chemical composition, IR, mass spectra, and magnetic susceptibility tests are performed. Complex binding with macromolecules was investigated using UV‐vis, viscosity, gel electrophoresis, and fluorescence quenching. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that each complex could replace ethidium bromide (EB). These complexes exhibit grooved, non‐covalent, and electrostatic interactions with CT‐DNA. Spectroscopy analysis of the BSA interaction showed that complexes bind to protein (Kb values for (1) is 5.89×103 M−1 and for (2) is 9.08×103 M−1) more strongly than CT‐DNA (Kb values for (1) is 5.43×103 M−1 and for (2) is 7.17×103 M−1). Molecular docking analysis and spectral absorption measurements showed high agreement. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory properties were tested in vitro. The druggability of complex (2) should be tested in vivo as it is more biologically active.
Systematic pan‐cancer analysis identified neuropilin 1 as an immunological and prognostic biomarker
Authors: Ma Xiao , Zhao Yang , Shi Congcong , Jiang Hong , Liu Haonan , Wang Hongmei , Qin Xiaobing , Wang Yuqin , Han Zhengxiang
Published: June 2023

Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein, nontyrosine kinase receptor that plays an important role in axonal growth and angiogenesis in the nervous system. Although currently more and more studies have shown that NRP1 plays an important role in some cancers, no systematic pan‐cancer analysis of NRP‐1 has been performed to date. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associated immune function and prognostic value of NRP1 in 33 tumors of various cancer types. In this study, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, Genotype Tissue Expression, cBioportal for cancer genomics, and Human Protein Atlas (HPA databases), various bioinformatics analysis methods were used to investigate the potential carcinogenic effects of NRP1 activation, pan‐cancer analysis of NRP1 expression, and the relationship between NRP1 expression and prognosis indicators including overall survival, disease‐specific survival, disease‐free interval, and progression‐free interval, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI). The results showed that NRP1 was highly expressed in most tumors. In addition, NRP1 was found to be positively or negatively correlated with the prognosis of different tumors. Also, the expression of NRP1 was associated with TMB and MSI in in 27 and 21 different types of tumors, respectively, and with DNA methylation in almost all the various types of tumors. The expression of the NRP1 gene was negatively correlated with the infiltration levels of most immune cells. In addition, the correlation between the level of immune cell infiltration and NRP1 expression varied according to immune cell subtype. Our study suggests that NRP1 plays an important role in tumor development and tumor immunity and could potentially be used as a prognostic indicator in a variety of malignancies.
An esthetic, functional, and low‐invasive lower red lip reconstruction using a mucosal perforator flap: A case report
Authors: Yamakawa Sho , Suda Shota , Hayashida Kenji
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Lower red lip reconstruction using a mucosal perforator flap is low‐invasive and adheres to the concept of “like with like.” The location of the mucosal perforator can easily be detected using color Doppler ultrasound.

Lip reconstructions should provide results of a high degree regarding both functionality and esthetics. We describe a case of lower red lip reconstruction using a mucosal perforator. An 81‐year‐old man complained of repeated bleeding from a submucosal venous malformation on his lower red lip, and surgery was performed under local anesthesia. The venous malformation was completely resected. A 4 cm × 2 cm triangle‐shaped flap containing a mucosal perforator, identified using color Doppler ultrasound preoperatively, was designed in the lower red lip adjacent to the defect. The perforator flap was raised in the submucosal layer, and the defect was covered with the flap in an advancement manner. The flap transfer‐related defect was closed, and at the one‐year follow‐up examination, no recurrence, drooling, or speech impediment was observed. In this case, excellent functional and esthetic results were achieved following the low‐invasive reconstruction using a mucosal perforator flap.
Isolated benign persistent proteinuria with novel association of CUBN (cubilin) variants
Authors: Shi Vivian , Stein Quinn , Clark Dinah , Punj Sumit , Kremsdorf Robin , Faizan Mohammed
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

We present two siblings with persistent proteinuria and normal kidney function, each carrying the same compound heterozygous variants in the CUBN gene. The CUBN‐related phenotype appears to be dependent upon both variant type and the domain site within the gene. Knowledge of CUBN status may allow for avoidance of invasive testing.
Pd‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroaminocarbonylation of 3‐Allyl‐4‐arylaminocoumarins: Synthesis of Six‐ and Seven‐membered Ring Lactams Fused to the Coumarin Scaffold
Authors: Almaraz Karla , Amézquita‐Valencia Manuel
Published: June 2023

A protocol has been developed for the synthesis of six‐ and seven‐membered ring lactams fused to coumarins through a hydroaminocarbonylation reaction catalyzed by palladium. The catalytic system (PdBr2/Xantphos) provided a strategy for the synthesis of seven‐membered ring lactams with good isolated yield and regioselectivity. Control of selectivity by the substrate in the synthesis of six‐membered ring lactams was observed. Control reactions showed the importance of the hydrogen in the cyclocarbonylation reaction, and NMR data supported the role of the hydride palladium species as a catalytic precursor. A preliminary screening of the cytotoxic activity of coumarin‐fused lactams against six cancer cell lines was evaluated. The biological tests indicated that both the size of the heterocycle and presence of a substituent on the aromatic ring affected the inhibition of cell growth.
Cyclotrimerization Approach to Symmetric [9]Helical Indenofluorenes: Diverting Cyclization Pathways
Authors: Cadart Timothée , Gläsel Tim , Císařová Ivana , Gyepes Róbert , Nečas David , Hapke Marko , Kotora Martin
Published: June 2023

Catalytic cyclotrimerization routes to symmetrical [9]helical indenofluorene were explored by using different transition–metal complexes and thermal conditions. Depending on the reaction conditions, the cyclotrimerizations were accompanied by dehydro‐Diels–Alder reaction giving rise to another type of aromatic compounds. Structures of both symmetrical [9]helical cyclotrimerization product as well as the dehydro‐Diels–Alder product were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. Limits of enantioselective cyclotrimerization were assessed as well. DFT calculations shed light on the reaction course and the origin of diminished enantioselectivity.
Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity Based on Dibenzodioxin Linkage: Design, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Pathak Chayanika , Gogoi Abinash , Devi Arpita , Seth Saona
Published: June 2023

The development of polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) over the last two decades has established them as a distinct class of microporous materials, which combine the attributes of microporous solid materials and the soluble nature of glassy polymers. Due to their solubility in common organic solvents, PIMs are easily processable materials that potentially find application in membrane‐based separation, catalysis, ion separation in electrochemical energy storage devices, sensing, etc. Dibenzodioxin linkage, Tröger's base, and imide bond‐forming reactions have widely been utilized for synthesis of a large number of PIMs. Among these linkages, however, most of the studies have been based on dibenzodioxin‐based PIMs. Therefore, this review focuses precisely on dibenzodioxin linkage chemistry. Herein, the design principles of different rigid and contorted monomer scaffolds are discussed, as well as synthetic strategies of the polymers through dibenzodioxin‐forming reactions including copolymerization and postsynthetic modifications, their characteristic properties and potential applications studied so far. Towards the end, the prospects of these materials are examined with respect to their utility in industrial purposes. Further, the structure‐property correlation of dibenzodioxin PIMs is analyzed, which is essential for tailored synthesis and tunable properties of these PIMs and their molecular level engineering for enhanced performances making these materials suitable for commercial usage.
Molecular Donor‐Acceptor Dyads for Single‐Material Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Aubele Anna , Kraus Teresa , Schmid Sylvia , Mena‐Osteritz Elena , Bäuerle Peter
Published: June 2023

A series of ambipolar covalently linked oligothiophene‐fullerene dyads have been synthesized by systematical structural variations. In this respect, the length of linker between donor and acceptor unit was altered and in a second series the terminal acceptor units in the donor unit of the dyads were varied. Characterization of the optical and redox properties gave valuable structure‐property relationships and were correlated to the photovoltaic performance in single‐material organic solar cells, in which power conversion efficiencies of up to 4.3 % were reached.
Advances in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Hydrogermylation of Alkenes and Alkynes†
Authors: Zhao Zungui , Zhang Furen , Wang Dongyang , Deng Liang
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Hydrogermylation of alkenes and alkynes provides a straightforward synthetic route to organogermanium compounds that have been found applications in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and material science. This paper reviews the advances in transition‐metal‐catalyzed hydrogermylation of unsaturated carbon‐carbon bonds, including alkenes, alkynes, dienes, and allenes, with the objective of providing readers with the status of the field. Progress, problems, and perspectives in this field are discussed.
Hierarchical Sponge‐Hydrogel Hybrid Structures with Robust Interfaces†
Authors: Zhang Pei , Chen Guangda , Chen Xingmei , Xing Junfei , Tao Yue , Liu Ji
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Soft materials including elastomers and hydrogels are playing critical roles in a variety of fields, including bioelectrodes, batteries, supercapacitors, biomedical scaffolds, and solar vapor absorbents. Integrating hydrophobic sponges (i.e., mechanical robustness, elasticity and macroscopic porous structure) and hydrophilic hydrogels (i.e., autonomous water absorption and transportation, biocompatibility) within one unit could readily combine the complementary characters from each component, making a number of future research directions and applications possible. We propose a simple yet effective strategy to construct sponge‐hydrogel hybrid structures with robust hydrophobic‐hydrophilic interface. The sponge scaffold imparts the sponges‐hydrogel hybrids with desirable mechanical robustness, elasticity and macroscopic pores. On the other hand, the incorporated hydrogel component endows the hybrids with high water content (98 wt% hydrogel and 2 wt% sponge), superior compatibility, and nanoscale pores allowing for storage and transportation of various chemical and biological molecules. We further demonstrate that the introduction of hydrophilic hydrogel components could effectively improve the liquid absorption capability, blood coagulation rate, hemostatic capacity and hemocompatibility, thus promising as hemostatic agents.
Breast cancer risk characteristics of women undergoing whole‐breast ultrasound screening versus mammography alone
Authors: Sprague Brian L. , Ichikawa Laura , Eavey Joanna , Lowry Kathryn P. , Rauscher Garth , O’Meara Ellen S. , Miglioretti Diana L. , Chen Shuai , Lee Janie M. , Stout Natasha K. , Mandelblatt Jeanne S. , Alsheik Nila , Herschorn Sally D. , Perry Hannah , Weaver Donald L. , Kerlikowske Karla
Published: June 2023

Background

There are no consensus guidelines for supplemental breast cancer screening with whole‐breast ultrasound. However, criteria for women at high risk of mammography screening failures (interval invasive cancer or advanced cancer) have been identified. Mammography screening failure risk was evaluated among women undergoing supplemental ultrasound screening in clinical practice compared with women undergoing mammography alone.

Methods

A total of 38,166 screening ultrasounds and 825,360 screening mammograms without supplemental screening were identified during 2014–2020 within three Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) registries. Risk of interval invasive cancer and advanced cancer were determined using BCSC prediction models. High interval invasive breast cancer risk was defined as heterogeneously dense breasts and BCSC 5‐year breast cancer risk ≥2.5% or extremely dense breasts and BCSC 5‐year breast cancer risk ≥1.67%. Intermediate/high advanced cancer risk was defined as BCSC 6‐year advanced breast cancer risk ≥0.38%.

Results

A total of 95.3% of 38,166 ultrasounds were among women with heterogeneously or extremely dense breasts, compared with 41.8% of 825,360 screening mammograms without supplemental screening (p < .0001). Among women with dense breasts, high interval invasive breast cancer risk was prevalent in 23.7% of screening ultrasounds compared with 18.5% of screening mammograms without supplemental imaging (adjusted odds ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.30–1.39); intermediate/high advanced cancer risk was prevalent in 32.0% of screening ultrasounds versus 30.5% of screening mammograms without supplemental screening (adjusted odds ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.89–0.94).

Conclusions

Ultrasound screening was highly targeted to women with dense breasts, but only a modest proportion were at high mammography screening failure risk. A clinically significant proportion of women undergoing mammography screening alone were at high mammography screening failure risk.
Associations of low‐carbohydrate diets with breast cancer survival
Authors: Farvid Maryam S. , Spence Nicholas D. , Rosner Bernard A. , Barnett Junaidah B. , Holmes Michelle D.
Published: June 2023

Background

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of low‐carbohydrate diets after breast cancer diagnosis in relation to breast cancer–specific and all‐cause mortality.

Methods

For 9621 women with stage I–III breast cancer from two ongoing cohort studies, the Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II, overall low‐carbohydrate, animal‐rich low‐carbohydrate, and plant‐rich low‐carbohydrate diet scores were calculated by using food frequency questionnaires collected after breast cancer diagnosis.

Results

Participants were followed up for a median 12.4 years after breast cancer diagnosis. We documented 1269 deaths due to breast cancer and 3850 all‐cause deaths. With the use of Cox proportional hazards regression and after controlling for potential confounding variables, we observed a significantly lower risk of overall mortality among women with breast cancer who had greater adherence to overall low‐carbohydrate diets (hazard ratio for quintile 5 vs. quintile 1 [HRQ5vsQ1], 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74–0.91; ptrend = .0001) and plant‐rich low‐carbohydrate diets (HRQ5vsQ1, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.66–0.82; ptrend < .0001) after breast cancer diagnosis but not animal‐rich low‐carbohydrate diets (HRQ5vsQ1, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.84–1.04; ptrend = .23). However, greater adherence to overall, animal‐rich, or plant‐rich low‐carbohydrate diets was not significantly associated with a lower risk of breast cancer–specific mortality.

Conclusions

This study showed that greater adherence to low‐carbohydrate diets, especially plant‐rich low‐carbohydrate diets, was associated with better overall survival but not breast cancer–specific survival among women with stage I–III breast cancer.
Dual immunocytochemical staining of annexin A10 and p53 in low‐grade and papillary urothelial carcinoma contributes to improvement of diagnostic accuracy in urine cytology
Authors: Kobayashi Go , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Sentani Kazuhiro , Uraoka Naohiro , Shibata Jun , Nobuhiro Ryosuke , Saito Yoichi , Ishida Katsunari , Kaneko Yoshie , Ikeda Kenichiro , Hanamoto Masanori , Nose Hiroyuki , Arihiro Koji , Hinata Nobuyuki , Oue Naohide
Published: June 2023

Background

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common type of human cancer and, although urine cytology is a useful method for identifying high‐grade UC (HGUC), its ability to diagnose low‐grade UC (LGUC) is limited. The authors previously reported that annexin A10 (ANXA10) expression was strongly linked to both papillary and early stage LGUC and was inversely correlated with p53 expression in upper tract UC (UTUC) and bladder UC. However, it remains largely unknown whether ANXA10 is useful as a diagnostic marker for urine cytology.

Methods

In this study, the authors used 104 biopsy and 314 urine cytology samples to investigate the efficacy of ANXA10 and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry.

Results

In immunohistochemistry analysis, expression levels of ANXA10 and p53 were either weak or absent in noncancerous tissues, whereas ANXA10 overexpression was observed patients with LGUC, and strong expression of p53 was identified in patients with HGUC. In immunocytochemistry analysis, sensitivity was not good for the detection of UC, especially UTUC, by cytology alone, but it was improved by combining cytology with ANXA10 and p53 to detect both bladder UC and UTUC. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis also confirmed the diagnostic superiority of cytology combining ANXA10 and p53 for the detection of all UCs, including both HGUC and LGUC (area under the curve, 0.84).

Conclusions

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report that the combination of ANXA10 and p53 has potential application as a diagnostic immunomarker for improving the diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology.