bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Seasonal Extreme Flows on Brook Trout Recruitment
Authors: Sweka John A. , Wagner Tyler
Published: November 2021

Populations of Brook TroutSalvelinus fontinalisexhibit large variation in annual recruitment (abundance of young of the year [age 0]), which is likely a product of density‐dependent and density‐independent factors. Quantifying the importance of each of these mechanisms in regulating Brook Trout recruitment would be valuable to managers that are responsible for the conservation of this iconic species throughout its native range. We analyzed a time series of age‐0 and adult Brook Trout density data collected from 10 streams in the Sinnemahoning Creek watershed, north‐central Pennsylvania (2010–2019), using Bayesian hierarchical modeling to partition the density‐dependent effects of adult density and the density‐independent effects of elevated streamflow on Brook Trout recruitment. Multiple models were examined, and the top‐ranked model showed that Brook Trout recruitment followed a Ricker stock–recruitment relationship, with annual recruitment negatively influenced by maximum streamflow during the spring season (March–April). This model will be useful in predicting future variation in Brook Trout recruitment under climate change scenarios in which the frequency and intensity of high‐flow events are expected to increase.
Seismic performance of suspended‐floor structures with viscous dampers considering acceptable interstory drift
Authors: Zeng Bin , Gao Jingwei , Qing Yuan , Wang Chun‐Lin , Sun Xun
Published: November 2021

Numerical studies of suspended‐floor structures were conducted, and viscous dampers were applied to improve their seismic performances. The following issues were analyzed under 20 earthquake records: seismic responses of the primary structure and suspended floors, the distributions of the damping coefficientc0, and the interstory stiffness of the suspended floors. There was a significant reduction in the roof drift and the base shear force of the cores after replacing the steel bars with viscous dampers. The suspended‐floor structures with viscous dampers exhibited an optimalc0. The suspended‐floor structure with a triangular distribution ofc0showed a smaller seismic response than the one with a uniform distribution ofc0. Under the design‐based earthquake, there was complete damage of nonstructural components in they‐direction. Hence, applications of diagonal steel braces within the 1st to 10th floors were suggested to increase the lateral stiffness of the suspended floors in they‐direction. The application of diagonal steel braces reduced the story driftSdof the suspended floors, resulting in slight damage to nonstructural components under the design basis earthquake (DBE) hazard level. However, the roof floor, which contains electrical and mechanical components, exhibited an increase inSdafter the application of the diagonal steel braces. With increasing stiffness of the diagonal brace, the story drift profile of the suspended floors tended to be uniform, and the suspended‐floor structures with the uniform distribution ofc0exhibited seismic performances closer to those of the suspended‐floor structures with the triangular distribution ofc0.
Pre‐service teachers enactment of language‐ and literacy‐integrated science instruction in linguistically diverse science classrooms
Authors: Rutt Alexis A. , Mumba Frackson
Published: November 2021

The Next Generation Science Standards and increasing linguistic diversity of students in United States science classrooms require language‐focused science instruction for which many secondary science teachers are not prepared. To date, minimal research has addressed how to best support secondary science pre‐service teachers (PSTs) in teaching in linguistically diverse classrooms despite the fact that most PSTs will have the opportunity to teach emergent bilinguals (EBs) at some point in their careers. The purpose of this multiple case study was to determine at what level and in what ways three secondary science PSTs were able to integrate language and literacy into their science instruction following their participation in two language‐ and literacy‐integrated science methods courses. PSTs' instruction was analyzed using an observation rubric and supported by instructional materials, interviews, and reflections. Results indicated that, following the intervention, PSTs were able to enact most language‐ and literacy‐integrated science practices at the targeted level. However, the ways in which they did so varied and at times led to missed opportunities for EBs' participation in key scientific practices. Implications for teacher educators and researchers are addressed.
Analytical No‐Load Magnetic Field Model Taking Account of the Curvature Coefficient for Parallel Direct‐Driven Conjoined Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Dai Sirui , Feng Guihong , Li Wei , Zhang Bingyi , Zheng Junming
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes an analytical no‐load magnetic field model taking account of the curvature coefficient to compute the no‐load magnetic field of parallel direct‐driven conjoined permanent magnet synchronous motor (PDC‐PMSM). The shortcomings of the 3‐D finite element method are avoided, such as the time‐consuming and sensitive to finite element meshes. As well as, putting forward the design method of the motor. A 2‐D subdomain model of PDC‐PMSM can be obtained by segment 3‐D model at the average radius, which is quasi to linear permanent magnet synchronous motor. Based on Maxwell's equations, the Poisson's equations in the permanent magnet (PM) subdomain and the Laplace's equations in the subdomain between air gap and PM are calculated under no‐load condition. The radial and tangential flux density of each subdomain are obtained by the Fourier's series, hyperbolic functions, separation of variables, and the boundary condition. Better yet, the curvature coefficient is introduced to reduce the error between the analytical magnetic field in the planar model and the tubular model. The analytical no‐load magnetic field model is established more accurately. The expression of curvature coefficient and back‐electromotive force are derived. One prototype is manufactured for simulation and experimental study. The accuracy and feasibility of the proposed model are verified by the prototype test. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
An oesophageal fistula associated with cervical osteomyelitis in a 17‐month‐old Holstein heifer
Authors: Guarnieri Eloi , Berman Julie , Babkine Marie
Published: November 2021

A 17‐month‐old Holstein heifer was presented to the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire in Saint‐Hyacinthe (QC, Canada) for abnormal regurgitation. Upon admission, pain was elicited upon mobilisation of the neck and a left‐sided, painless, fluctuating subcutaneous mass was detected in the area of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae. An oesophageal fistula with osteomyelitis of the corresponding vertebrae was diagnosed by medical imaging (endoscopy, ultrasound and radiography) and treated medically. No sequelae were reported in the long term. Considering the low prevalence of abnormal regurgitation in cattle, this paper provides the practitioner with an example of a diagnostic approach.
“Scaffolding” responses to digital forensic inquiries
Authors: Horsman Graeme
Published: November 2021

As part of their role, digital forensic practitioners are often faced with case‐specific investigative inquiries which they must attempt to address and provide an appropriate answer to their client. Such investigative questions can take many forms wherein every instance, any response they offer must be reliable. To be reliable, any response to an inquiry must be derived from justifiable and robust processes and information, coined here as the underpinning “scaffolding.” This work offers a discussion of response scaffolding, what it is and why it is required in digital forensics with the three ways that this can be achieved outlined—via “past experience,” “targeted testing” or through reference to appropriate “existing bodies of knowledge.” Each one is examined in turn and their use is demonstrated via an overarching hypothetical example which is deployed and utilized throughout the analysis narrative for illustrative purposes.

This article is categorized under:

Digital and Multimedia Science > Cybercrime Investigation
Electrochemical Synthesis of Graphene from Waste Discharged Battery Electrodes and Its Applications to Preparation of Graphene/Fe3O4/Chitosan‐Nanosorbent for Organic Dyes Removal
Authors: Tran Huyen Thi Thu , Hoang Ly Thanh , Tran Hoang Vinh
Published: November 2021

In this work, graphene was synthesized from waste discharged battery electrodes using an electrochemical exfoliation method. The graphene product was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and adsorption activity. For application, as‐synthesized graphene was used for preparation of Fe3O4/graphene/chitosan (FGC) nanocomposite as a recyclable‐nanosorbent for removal of organic dyes including methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), brilliant blue FCF (E133), eriochorome black T (EBT) and thymol blue (ThB) from aqueous solution. The obtained results shown that the FGC adsorbent is more attractive to MB and EBT than other evaluated dyes. At optimized conditions, FGC can adsorb MB at maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 94.16 mg g−1 and the remaining adsorption efficiency for the 5th cycle was 74.81 % compared to that of the pristine FGC nanosorbent. Moreover, the FGC nanocomposite was also used to remove MB from real wastewater with high removal efficiency. This performance implies a high application potential of synthesized graphene from waste graphite for environmental treatments.
Cards and Roles: Co-designing Privacy Serious Games with an Online Role-Playing Boardgame
Authors: Jost Patrick , Künz Andreas
Published: November 2021

The increasing digitalisation of daily routines confronts people with frequent privacy decisions. However, obscure data processing often leads to tedious decision-making and results in unreflective choices that unduly compromise privacy. Serious Games could be applied to encourage teenagers and young adults to make more thoughtful privacy decisions. Creating a Serious Game (SG) that promotes privacy awareness while maintaining an engaging gameplay requires, however, a carefully balanced game concept. This study explores the benefits of an online role-playing boardgame as a co-designing activity for creating SGs about privacy. In a between-subjects trial, student groups and educator/researcher groups were taking the roles of player, teacher, researcher and designer to co-design a balanced privacy SG concept. Using predefined design proposal cards or creating their own, students and educators played the online boardgame during a video conference session to generate game ideas, resolve potential conflicts and balance the different SG aspects. The comparative results of the present study indicate that students and educators alike perceive support from role-playing when ideating and balancing SG concepts and are happy with their playfully co-designed game concepts. Implications for supporting SG design with role-playing in remote collaboration scenarios are conclusively synthesised.
An Authoring Tool to Engage Younger Audiences in the Development of Nature Preservation Games: The G4N Toolkit to Game Design
Authors: Beça Pedro , Aresta Mónica , Santos Rita , Veloso Ana Isabel
Published: November 2021

Although research indicates that integrating students as active agents in the development of games encourages awareness and learning by doing and can be seen as a basis for the development of critical thinking skills, it also stresses that there are some obstacles in involving students to explore educational contents through digital game design. This paper introduces the Gamers4Nature toolkit to Game Design and its use by upper-secondary (N = 53) and undergraduate (N = 114) students along several game design sessions addressing an environmental preservation theme. As result of these sessions, 66 prototypes of digital games were produced. The toolkit was used through questionnaires applied by the end of the game design sessions. Results indicate that the Toolkit was a very useful resource in scaffolding the narrative construction process and that its resources are adequate to be used by for both upper-secondary and undergraduate students, and that it can be seen as a valuable resource to support educators and trainers in educational and serious game design activities.
Quantum Extremal Surfaces and the Holographic Entropy Cone
Authors: Akers Chris , Hernández-Cuenca Sergio , Rath Pratik
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Quantum states with geometric duals are known to satisfy a stricter set of entropy inequalities than those obeyed by general quantum systems. The set of allowed entropies derived using the Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) formula defines the Holographic Entropy Cone (HEC). These inequalities are no longer satisfied once general quantum corrections are included by employing the Quantum Extremal Surface (QES) prescription. Nevertheless, the structure of the QES formula allows for a controlled study of how quantum contributions from bulk entropies interplay with HEC inequalities. In this paper, we initiate an exploration of this problem by relating bulk entropy constraints to boundary entropy inequalities. In particular, we show that requiring the bulk entropies to satisfy the HEC implies that the boundary entropies also satisfy the HEC. Further, we also show that requiring the bulk entropies to obey monogamy of mutual information (MMI) implies the boundary entropies also obey MMI.
N-spike string in AdS3 × S1 with mixed flux
Authors: Nayak Rashmi R. , Pandit Priyadarshini , Panigrahi Kamal L.
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Sigma model in AdS3× S3 background supported by both NS-NS and R-R fluxes is one of the most distinguished integrable models. We study a class of classical string solutions for N-spike strings moving in AdS3× S1 with angular momentum J in S1 ⊂ S5 in the presence of mixed flux. We observe that the addition of angular momentum J or winding number m results in the spikes getting rounded off and not end in cusp. The presence of flux shows no alteration to the rounding-off nature of the spikes. We also consider the large N-limit of N-spike string in AdS3× S1 in the presence of flux and show that the so-called Energy-Spin dispersion relation is analogous to the solution we get for the periodic-spike in AdS3− pp-wave ×S1 background with flux.
Quantum error correction and holographic information from bilocal holography
Authors: de Mello Koch Robert , Gandote Eunice , Tahiridimbisoa Nirina Hasina , Van Zyl Hendrik J.R.
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Bilocal holography is a constructive approach to the higher spin theory holographically dual to O(N ) vector models. In contrast to other approaches to bulk reconstruction, bilocal holography does not take input from the dual gravitational theory. The resulting map is a complete bulk/boundary mapping in that it maps the complete set of O(N ) invariant degrees of freedom in the CFT, to the complete set of higher spin degrees of freedom. After restricting to a suitable code subspace we demonstrate that bilocal holography naturally reproduces the quantum error correcting properties of holography and it gives a robust bulk (entanglement wedge) reconstruction. A gauge invariant entangled pair of CFT degrees of freedom are naturally smeared over a semicircle in the bulk spacetime, which is highly suggestive of bit threads. Finally, we argue that finite N relations in the CFT, when interpreted in the dual AdS spacetime, can provide relations between degrees of freedom located near the boundary and degrees of freedom deep in the bulk.
The impact of transverse Slavnov-Taylor identities on dynamical chiral symmetry breaking
Authors: Albino Luis , Bashir Adnan , El-Bennich Bruno , Rojas Eduardo , Serna Fernando E. , da Silveira Roberto Correa
Published: November 2021

Abstract

We extend earlier studies of transverse Ward-Fradkin-Green-Takahashi identities in QED, their usefulness to constrain the transverse fermion-boson vertex and their importance for multiplicative renormalizability, to the equivalent gauge identities in QCD. To this end, we consider transverse Slavnov-Taylor identities that constrain the transverse quark-gluon vertex and derive its eight associated scalar form factors. The complete vertex can be expressed in terms of the quark’s mass and wave-renormalization functions, the ghost-dressing function, the quark-ghost scattering amplitude and a set of eight form factors. The latter parametrize the hitherto unknown nonlocal tensor structure in the transverse Slavnov-Taylor identity which arises from the Fourier transform of a four-point function involving a Wilson line in coordinate space. We determine the functional form of these eight form factors with the constraints provided by the Bashir-Bermudez vertex and study the effects of this novel vertex on the quark in the Dyson-Schwinger equation using lattice QCD input for the gluon and ghost propagators. We observe significant dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and a mass gap that leads to a constituent mass of the order of 500 MeV for the light quarks. The flavor dependence of the mass and wave-renormalization functions as well as their analytic behavior on the complex momentum plane is studied and as an application we calculate the quark condensate and the pion’s weak decay constant in the chiral limit. Both are in very good agreement with their reference values.
Dynamics of a vortex dipole in a holographic superfluid
Authors: Ewerz Carlo , Samberg Andreas , Wittmer Paul
Published: November 2021

Abstract

We use holography to investigate the dynamics of a vortex-anti-vortex dipole in a strongly coupled superfluid in 2+1 dimensions. The system is evaluated in numerical real-time simulations in order to study the evolution of the vortices as they approach and eventually annihilate each other. A tracking algorithm with sub-plaquette resolution is introduced which permits a high-precision determination of the vortex trajectories. With the increased precision of the trajectories it becomes possible to directly compute the vortex velocities and accelerations. We find that in the holographic superfluid the vortices follow universal trajectories independent of their initial separation, indicating that a vortex-anti-vortex pair is fully characterized by its separation. Subtle non-universal effects in the vortex motion at early times of the evolution can be fully attributed to artifacts due to the numerical initialization of the vortices. We also study the dependence of the dynamics on the temperature of the superfluid.
Quark sivers function at small x: spin-dependent odderon and the sub-eikonal evolution
Authors: Kovchegov Yuri V. , Santiago M. Gabriel
Published: November 2021

Abstract

We apply the formalism developed earlier [1, 2] for studying transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) at small Bjorken x to construct the small-x asymptotics of the quark Sivers function. First, we explicitly construct the complete fundamental “polarized Wilson line” operator to sub-sub-eikonal order: this object can be used to study a variety of quark TMDs at small x. We then express the quark Sivers function in terms of dipole scattering amplitudes containing various components of the “polarized Wilson line” and show that the dominant (eikonal) term which contributes to the quark Sivers function at small x is the spin-dependent odderon, confirming the re- cent results of Dong, Zheng and Zhou [3]. Our conclusion is also similar to the case of the gluon Sivers function derived by Boer, Echevarria, Mulders and Zhou [4] (see also [5]). We also analyze the sub-eikonal corrections to the quark Sivers function using the constructed “polarized Wilson line” operator. We derive new small-x evolution equations re-summing double-logarithmic powers of αs ln2(1/x) with αs the strong coupling constant. We solve the corresponding novel evolution equations in the large-Nc limit, obtaining a sub-eikonal correction to the spin-dependent odderon contribution. We conclude that the quark Sivers function at small x receives contributions from two terms and is given by$$ {f}_{1T}^{\perp q}\left(x,{k}_T^2\right)={C}_O\left(x,{k}_T^2\right)\frac{1}{x}+{C}_1\left({k}_T^2\right){\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}^0+\cdots $$

f

1
T

⊥
q

x

k
T
2

=

C
O

x

k
T
2

1
x

+

C
1

k
T
2

1
x

0

+
⋯

with the function CO(x,$$ {k}_T^2 $$

k
T
2

) varying slowly with x and the ellipsis denoting the subasymptotic and sub-sub-eikonal (order-x) corrections.
Mapping between Witten and lightcone string field theories
Authors: Erler Theodore , Matsunaga Hiroaki
Published: November 2021

Abstract

We propose a transformation between the off-shell field variables of Witten’s open bosonic string field theory and the traditional lightcone string field theory of Kaku and Kikkawa, based on Mandelstam’s interacting string picture. This is accomplished by deforming the Witten vertex into lightcone cubic and quartic vertices, followed by integrating out the ghost and lightcone oscillator excitations from the string field. Surprisingly, the last step does not alter the cubic and quartic interactions and does not generate effective vertices, and leads precisely to Kaku and Kikkawa’s lightcone string field theory.
THE ASYMPTOTIC SEMIGROUP OF A SUBSEMIGROUP OF A NILPOTENT LIE GROUP
Authors: ABELS HERBERT
Published: November 2021

LetSbe a subsemigroup of a simply connected nilpotent Lie groupG. We construct an asymptotic semigroupS0in the associated graded Lie groupG0ofG. We can compute the image ofS0in the abelianization$$ {G}_0^{\mathrm{ab}}={G}^{\mathrm{ab}}. $$G0ab=Gab.This gives useful information aboutS. As an application, we obtain a transparent proof of the following result of E. B. Vinberg and the author: either there is an epimorphismf:G→ ℝ such thatf(s) ≥ 0 for every s inSor the closure$$ \overline{S} $$S¯ofSis a subgroup ofGand$$ G/\overline{S} $$G/S¯is compact.
On the two-dimensional Boussinesq equations with temperature-dependent thermal and viscosity diffusions in general Sobolev spaces
Authors: He Zihui , Liao Xian
Published: November 2021

We study the existence, uniqueness as well as regularity issues for the two-dimensional incompressible Boussinesq equations with temperature-dependent thermal and viscosity diffusion coefficients in general Sobolev spaces. The optimal regularity exponent ranges are considered.
Students’ learning behavior in digital education for radiation oncology
Authors: Vorwerk Hilke , Engenhart-Cabillic Rita
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Digitalization of medical education is an important trend in terms of reforming and modernizing the global education environment. It has been long requested by students and politicians. The goal of this study was to assess the student perception of a newly developed digital educational program in radiation oncology (RO) using an interactive e‑book combined with short learnings clips on a YouTube channel combined with periodic videoconferences and a forum for queries.

Methods

We performed five evaluations during and at the end of two terms with multiple-choice and free-text answers. We evaluated student perception of our new digital learning scenario in three semesters: one pre-clinical and two clinical semesters. In addition, we analyzed all comments from the kMED forum, the YouTube channel, or the e‑mail contacts.

We analyzed the learning behavior of the students based on access to the videos and the number and quality of the reflective questions answered as well as the results of the final examinations.

Results

The students accepted the offer for asynchronous teaching and mainly learned on weekdays (74% of the videos), but also on weekends (23%) and less on public holidays (4%). The answer quality of the reflective questions was good with over 50% correct answers on the first attempt. Learning to be on one’s own authority was very difficult for the students, even in the last clinical semesters of the medical study. Without direct intervention by the teacher, access to the learning material by the students was limited and delayed. Therefore, voluntary interim tests were performed during the first analysis term, which led to an increased number of student accesses to the videos and higher number of answers. Nevertheless, in the first analysis term, the average results in the final exam of the students who did not perform the interim test were below average at 59.1%, and the students who performed the test had better results at 69.5% but this was also not satisfactory. In the second analysis term, we taught with the same digital teaching model but with an additional scheme for learning over the term, 2‑week compulsory intermediate tests, and frequent videoconferences to answer any questions. In this term, we measured a success rate of 93% in the final exam. All annotations were very positive regarding the new educational project. The evaluations showed high acceptance of the new education program. The students stated they would prefer the new education course to be continued in future.

Conclusion

Digital teaching methods make not only the type and quality of teaching transparent, but also the learning behavior of the students. Our analysis has shown that, in addition to the quality of the teaching, the clear structure and specification of the learning content per learning week as well as regular monitoring of what has been learned are of decisive importance for the learning success of the students.
Interpreting global trends in type 2 diabetes complications and mortality
Authors: Ali Mohammed K. , Pearson-Stuttard Jonathan , Selvin Elizabeth , Gregg Edward W.
Published: November 2021

International trends in traditional diabetes complications (cardiovascular, renal, peripheral vascular, ophthalmic, hepatic or neurological diseases) and mortality rates are poorly characterised. An earlier review of studies published up to 2015 demonstrated that most data come from a dozen high-income countries (HICs) in North America, Europe or the Asia–Pacific region and that, in these countries at least, rates of acute glycaemic fluctuations needing medical attention and amputations, myocardial infarction and mortality were all declining over the period. Here, we provide an updated review of published literature on trends in type 2 diabetes complications and mortality in adults since 2015. We also discuss issues related to data collection, analysis and reporting that have influenced global trends in type 2 diabetes and its complications. We found that most data on trends in type 2 diabetes, its complications and mortality come from a small number of HICs with comprehensive surveillance systems, though at least some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from Africa and Latin America are represented in this review. The published data suggest that HICs have experienced declines in cardiovascular complication rates and all-cause mortality in people with diabetes. In parallel, cardiovascular complications and mortality rates in people with diabetes have increased over time in LMICs. However, caution is warranted in interpreting trends from LMICs due to extremely sparse data or data that are not comparable across countries. We noted that approaches to case ascertainment and definitions of complications and mortality (numerators) and type 2 diabetes (the denominator) vary widely and influence the interpretation of international data. We offer four key recommendations to more rigorously document trends in rates of type 2 diabetes complications and mortality, over time and worldwide: (1) increasing investments in data collection systems; (2) standardising case definitions and approaches to ascertainment; (3) strengthening analytical capacity; and (4) developing and implementing structured guidelines for reporting of data.

Graphical abstract
The aspiration test reveals an instability of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus in almost one-third of ACL-injured patients
Authors: Jacquet Christophe , Mouton Caroline , Magosch Amanda , Komnos George A. , Menetrey Jacques , Ollivier Matthieu , Seil Romain
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often lead to associated injuries of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus (PHLM). Arthroscopic, assessment of PHLM instability may be difficult in the absence of a visible meniscus damage. The main objective of this prospective multi-center study was to compare the ability of the probing and aspiration tests to identify PHLM instability in a population of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and a control group of patients with an intact ACL undergoing knee arthroscopy.

Methods

A prospective case–control analysis was performed in three sports medicine centers. One-hundred and three consecutive patients operated for a primary isolated ACLR without structural lateral meniscus damage other than a root tear were included. They were compared to a control group of 29 consecutive patients who had a knee arthroscopy with an intact ACL and no structural lateral meniscus lesion. The probing and aspiration tests were consecutively executed according to previously published methods.

Results

In the control group, no lateral meniscus lesions were visualized during arthroscopy, and both probing and aspiration tests were negative in all patients. In the group of ACL-injured patients, a Forkel type I–III posterolateral meniscus root tear (PLMRT) was found in 12 patients (12%). In this subgroup, the probing test was positive in 4/12 patients (33%) and the aspiration test in 5 additional patients (75%). In 15 patients (15%), an elongation of the posterior root of the lateral meniscus (defined as type IV PLMRT as an addendum to the Forkel classification) could be observed during arthroscopy. In this subgroup, only 1 patient displayed a PHLM instability with the probing test (7%), whereas the aspiration test was positive in 13/15 patients (87%). In the remaining 76 patients (74%), no structural lesion of the PHLM could be identified. Nevertheless, an instability of the PHLM could be identified in 8 of them (11%) with the probing test, and the aspiration test was positive in 2 additional knees (13%) of this apparently normal subgroup. Altogether, in the entire ACL injury cohort, a positive probing test was observed in 13/103 patients (13%) and a positive aspiration test in 32/103 knees (31%) (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Careful observation and examination of the PHLM with the aspiration test revealed a substantial amount of previously undiagnosed lateral meniscus instabilities in ACL-injured knees. The prevalence of PHLM instability as evaluated by the aspiration test was high (31%). The aspiration test was superior to the probing test in detecting an instability of the PHLM in a population of ACL-injured patients.

Level of evidence

II.
Automated platform for consistent part realization with regenerative hybrid additive manufacturing workflow
Authors: Avram Oliver , Fellows Chris , Menerini Marco , Valente Anna
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, the role of hybridization within the wider manufacturing ecosystem gains significant momentum with multiple commercial solutions already available on the market. Despite the very promising benefits of combining and selectively exploiting the advantages of additive and subtractive technologies on the same machine, hybrid additive manufacturing is far from reaching its full potential. One of the central limitations of existing hybrid process chains is the lack of a harmonized, structured and automated workflows to support an adaptive manufacturing strategy. This work is motivated by the need to bridge this gap and to capture the logic behind an adaptive hybrid process chain with the aim to support the achievement of enhanced product quality and improved operational efficiency in hybrid additive manufacturing. The paper discusses the implementation of a hybrid CAx platform and the underlying methodology aiming at the dynamic reduction of variabilities associated with the laser metal deposition process. The hybrid workflow identifies the most adapted sequence and planning of additive and subtractive operations while considering part inspection as an in-envelope functionality to quantify the geometrical and dimensional part deviations and to trigger the regenerative mechanism. The methodology is demonstrated on a hybrid machine by deploying laser ablation for the in situ removal of build deviations and an adapted deposition operation as part of a regenerative strategy leading to higher part confidence.
Re﻿placing dietary animal-source proteins with plant-source proteins changes dietary intake and status of vitamins and minerals in healthy adults: a 12-week randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pellinen Tiina , Päivärinta Essi , Isotalo Jarkko , Lehtovirta Mikko , Itkonen Suvi T. , Korkalo Liisa , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Pajari Anne-Maria
Published: November 2021

Purpose

A shift towards more plant-based diets promotes both health and sustainability. However, controlled trials addressing the nutritional effects of replacing animal proteins with plant proteins are lacking. We examined the effects of partly replacing animal proteins with plant proteins on critical vitamin and mineral intake and statuses in healthy adults using a whole-diet approach.

Methods

Volunteers aged 20–69 years (107 female, 29 male) were randomly allocated into one of three 12-week intervention groups with different dietary protein compositions: ANIMAL: 70% animal-source protein/30% plant-source protein; 50/50: 50% animal/50% plant; PLANT: 30% animal/70% plant; all with designed protein intake of 17 E%. We analysed vitamin B-12, iodine, iron, folate, and zinc intakes from 4-day food records, haemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin receptor, folate, and holotranscobalamin II from fasting blood samples, and iodine from 24-h urine.

Results

At the end point, vitamin B-12 intake and status were lower in PLANT than in 50/50 or ANIMAL groups (P ≤ 0.007 for all). Vitamin B-12 intake was also lower in 50/50 than in ANIMAL (P < 0.001). Iodine intake and status were lower in both 50/50 and PLANT than in ANIMAL (P ≤ 0.002 for all). Iron and folate intakes were higher in PLANT than in ANIMAL (P < 0.001, P = 0.047), but no significant differences emerged in the respective biomarkers.

Conclusions

Partial replacement of animal protein foods with plant protein foods led to marked decreases in the intake and status of vitamin B-12 and iodine. No changes in iron status were seen. More attention needs to be paid to adequate micronutrient intakes when following flexitarian diets.

Clinical trial registry

NCT03206827; registration date: 2017–06-30.
Tacks vs. sutures: a biomechanical analysis of sacral bony fixation methods for laparoscopic apical fixations in the porcine model
Authors: Jansen Alina Katharina , Ludwig Sebastian , Malter Wolfram , Sauerwald Axel , Hachenberg Jens , Pahmeyer Caroline , Wegmann Kilian , Rudroff Claudia , Karapanos Leonidas , Radosa Julia , Trageser Nadja , Eichler Christian
Published: November 2021

Purpose

There is a novel surgical procedure, called cervicosacropexy (CESA) and vaginosacropexy (VASA) to treat pelvic organ prolapse and a concomitant urgency and mixed urinary incontinence. As there is little experience with the tapes so far and literature is scanty, the aim of this study was to investigate biomechanical properties for the fixation of the PVDF-tapes with three different fixation methods in context of apical fixations.

Methods

Evaluation was performed on porcine, fresh cadaver sacral spines. A total of 40 trials, divided into 4 subgroups, was performed on the anterior longitudinal ligament. Recorded biomechanical properties were displacement at failure, maximum load and stiffness in terms of the primary endpoints. The failure mode was a secondary endpoint. Group 4 was a reference group to compare single sutures on porcine tissue with those on human tissue. Biomechanical parameters for single sutures on the human anterior longitudinal ligament were evaluated in a previous work by Hachenberg et al.

Results

The maximum load for group 1 (two single sutures) was 65 ± 12 N, for group 2 (three titanium tacks arranged in a row) it was 25 ± 10 N and for group 3 (three titanium tacks arranged in a triangle) it was 38 ± 12 N. There was a significant difference between all three groups. The most common failure mode was a “mesh failure” in 9/10 trials for groups 1–3.

Conclusion

The PVDF-tape fixation with two single sutures endures 2.6 times more load than titanium tacks arranged in a row and 1.7 times more load than titanium tacks arranged in a triangle. The presacral fixation with titanium tacks reduced surgical time compared to the fixation with sutures, nevertheless sutures represent the significantly stronger and cheaper fixation method.
Characterizing the sensorimotor domain in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Fritze Stefan , Sambataro Fabio , Kubera Katharina M. , Brandt Geva A. , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Wolf Robert C. , Hirjak Dusan
Published: November 2021

The rapidly evolving field of sensorimotor neuroscience reflects the scientific and clinical relevance of sensorimotor abnormalities as an intrinsic component of the disease process, e.g., in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Despite previous efforts, however, prevalence rates and relationships between different categories of sensorimotor abnormalities in SSD patients are still subject of ongoing debate. In this study, we examined five different categories of the sensorimotor domain (Neurological soft signs (NSS), parkinsonism, catatonia, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia) according to well-established clinical ratings scales and the respective cut-off criteria in a sample of 131 SSD patients. We used a collection of statistical methods to better understand prevalence, overlap and heterogeneity, as well as psychopathological and cognitive correlates of sensorimotor abnormalities. 97.7% of the SSD patients considered by this study exhibited at least one categorically defined sensorimotor abnormality that tended to co-vary within three different sensorimotor subgroups (moderate, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic). Finally, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic groups differed significantly in their neurocognitive performance compared with the moderate group. The results suggest different patterns of clinical overlap, highlight the relationship between sensorimotor and cognitive domain and provide clues for further neurobiological studies.
A population-based follow-up study shows high psychosis risk in women with PCOS
Authors: Karjula Salla , Arffman Riikka K. , Morin-Papunen Laure , Franks Stephen , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Tapanainen Juha S. , Miettunen Jouko , Piltonen Terhi T.
Published: November 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting up to 18% of women. Besides metabolic and fertility aspects, attention has lately been directed towards the detrimental effect of PCOS on psychological health. The objective of the study was to investigate whether women with PCOS are at higher risk for psychotic disorders. The study population derives from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (N = 5889 women). The women with PCOS were identified by two simple questions on oligo-amenorrhea and hirsutism at age 31. Women reporting both symptoms were considered PCOS (N = 124) and asymptomatic women as controls (N = 2145). The diagnosis of psychosis was traced using multiple national registers up to the year 2016. Symptoms of psychopathology were identified using validated questionnaires at age 31. Women with PCOS showed an increased risk for any psychosis by age 50 (HR [95% CI] 2.99, [1.52–5.82]). Also, the risk for psychosis after age 31 was increased (HR 2.68 [1.21–5.92]). The results did not change after adjusting for parental history of psychosis, nor were they explained by body mass index or hyperandrogenism at adulthood. The scales of psychopathology differed between women with PCOS and non-PCOS controls showing more psychopathologies among the affected women. PCOS cases were found to be at a three-fold risk for psychosis, and they had increased psychopathological symptoms. PCOS should be taken into consideration when treating women in psychiatric care. More studies are required to further assess the relationship between PCOS and psychotic diseases.
MELHISSA: a multilingual entity linking architecture for historical press articles
Authors: Linhares Pontes Elvys , Cabrera-Diego Luis Adrián , Moreno Jose G. , Boros Emanuela , Hamdi Ahmed , Doucet Antoine , Sidere Nicolas , Coustaty Mickaël
Published: November 2021

Digital libraries have a key role in cultural heritage as they provide access to our culture and history by indexing books and historical documents (newspapers and letters). Digital libraries use natural language processing (NLP) tools to process these documents and enrich them with meta-information, such as named entities. Despite recent advances in these NLP models, most of them are built for specific languages and contemporary documents that are not optimized for handling historical material that may for instance contain language variations and optical character recognition (OCR) errors. In this work, we focused on the entity linking (EL) task that is fundamental to the indexation of documents in digital libraries. We developed a Multilingual Entity Linking architecture for HIstorical preSS Articles that is composed of multilingual analysis, OCR correction, and filter analysis to alleviate the impact of historical documents in the EL task. The source code is publicly available. Experimentation has been done over two historical document corpora covering five European languages (English, Finnish, French, German, and Swedish). Results have shown that our system improved the global performance for all languages and datasets by achieving an F-score@1 of up to 0.681 and an F-score@5 of up to 0.787.
Preliminary results of the impact of 3D-visualization resources in the area of graphic expression on the motivation of university students
Authors: Triviño-Tarradas Paula , Mohedo-Gatón Alejandro , Fernández Rafael Enrique Hidalgo , Mesas-Carrascosa Francisco-Javier , Carranza-Cañadas Pilar
Published: November 2021

Augmented reality and virtual reality are innovative technologies applied to the area of graphic expression with increasing influence on the teaching–learning process. Although these innovative resources enable new forms of teaching, it remains unclear how these artificial applications can impact students’ motivation. The aim of this paper was to evaluate how virtual exercises increase the motivation level in different typologies of university students. The sample was composed of graduate (master’s degree) and undergraduate students (three engineering degrees) of the University of Cordoba. These tools were available to students through four devices: mobile phones, tablets, computers and virtual reality goggles. The motivation of the students was evaluated through the modified Instructional Materials Motivation Survey by the attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction motivational model. The results obtained through a 5-point Likert scale showed that these innovative resources significantly improved the students’ motivation level, especially concerning the ‘relevance’ aspect (M = 4.01; SD = 0.98). The virtual resources also increased the understanding of the exercises and their spatial vision (M = 3.80; SD = 1.14). Of the total sample, 63.83% students considered the virtual reality goggles as the most suitable device to visualize graphic expression exercises.
Comparing longitudinal patient-reported outcome measures between Swedish patients with recent-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Heijke Rebecca , Björk Mathilda , Thyberg Ingrid , Kastbom Alf , McDonald Laura , Sjöwall Christopher
Published: November 2021

The onset of rheumatic disease affects each patient differently and may impact quality of life with progression. We investigated the relationship between patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) scores and organ damage in patients with recent-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and those with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with recent-onset SLE without prior organ damage from the Clinical Lupus Register in Northeastern Gothia and patients with early RA from the observational 2nd Timely Interventions in Early RA study, Sweden, were included. Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index (SDI) was used to assess organ damage. PROM (visual analog scale [VAS]: pain, fatigue, well-being, Health Assessment Questionnaire, and EQ-5D-3L) scores were captured at months 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 after diagnosis. Statistical tests included Pearson correlation coefficients and t-tests. Forty-one patients with recent-onset SLE and 522 with early RA were included. Numerical differences were seen in age and sex. PROMs were worse for patients with RA versus SLE but improved by month 6 following diagnosis, while SLE PROMs remained stable. The incidence of organ damage in SLE was 13.6 per 100 patient-years. SDI significantly correlated with EQ-5D-3L (− 0.48, P = 0.003), VAS fatigue (0.44, P = 0.009), and well-being (0.41, P = 0.01) at month 24. As illustrated, the complexity of disease burden in patients with SLE is clear and may result from disease-related multiorgan system effects and slower symptom resolution compared with RA. This underscores the need for improved multiprofessional interventions to manage all aspects of SLE.

Key Points• We observed an evident discrepancy in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) between patients with recent-onset SLE and early RA.• Despite differences in PROMs between patients with recent-onset SLE and early RA, both groups had prominent self-reported disability during the study period.• PROM scores for patients with RA were generally worse than those with SLE but improved by month 6, whereas PROM scores for patients with SLE remained stable over time.• Our findings underline the need of new therapeutic options and interventions for SLE disease management, including pharmacologic and multiprofessional aspects.
An Algorithm for the Pricing and Timing of the Option to make a Two-Stage Investment with Credit Guarantees
Authors: Dong Linjia , Yang Zhaojun
Published: November 2021

We develop a jump-diffusion model for a guarantee-investment combination financing mode (G-I mode) that is recently popular in financial practice. We assume that a borrower has exclusively an option to invest in a project in two stages. The project’s cash flow follows a double exponential jump-diffusion process and it is increased by a growth factor once the second-stage investment is exercised. The first-stage investment cost is financed by a bank loan with the guarantee provided by an insurer, who promises to provide the second-stage investment cost as well as take the lender’s all default losses. In return for the guarantee and investment, the borrower pays a guarantee fee upon first investment and grants a fraction of equity upon second investment to the insurer. In sharp contrast to prior papers on guarantee, the guarantee costs are contracted prior to investment. We provide closed-form solutions and produce a numerical algorithm for the timing and pricing of the two investment options.