bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Niechcący zrobiłam "Dark Souls" – gry wideo w instytucjach kultury z perspektywy twórcy i groznawcy
Authors: Bakun Martyna
Published: November 2019

Innowacyjne rozwiązania technologiczne cieszą się coraz większą popularnością w instytucjach kultury. Oprócz interaktywnych wystaw, specjalnie zaprojektowanych aplikacji, wirtualnych spacerów i rozszerzonej rzeczywistości wykorzystywane są także gry wideo. Skutkuje to wytworzeniem się nowych grup odbiorców gier, co skłania do zadawania pytań na temat metod projektowania produkcji tego typu. Autorka na podstawie własnych doświadczeń oraz analizy badań rynku gier wideo przedstawia propozycję strategii projektowania gier wideo na potrzeby promocji instytucji kultury. Analizie zostają poddane kwestie projektowania angażujących gier dla odbiorców zazwyczaj niezainteresowanych tym medium. Uwzględniane są takie elementy jak zastosowanie powszechnie dostępnych reguł projektowania w kontekście omawianego rodzaju gier, wybór platformy, dobór estetyki, projektowanie mechaniki i przeprowadzanie testów.
The role of TNF-alpha gene (-238G/A and -308G/A) polymorphisms in the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases in various ethnic groups
Authors: Zhilin I. V. , Chashkova E. Yu. , Zhilina A. A. , Pushkarev B. S. , Korotaeva N. S.
Published: November 2019

This literature review deals with specifics of the natural course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients from various ethnic groups and -308G/A and -238G/A promoter polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene. The search in PubMed, Medline, Еlibrary.ru databases has led to identify in total 20 studies, including 2 meta-analyses, on the role of TNF-α-308G/A and -238G/A gene polymorphism in the etiology and pathophysiology of IBD. The TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism is associated with increased secretion of this proinflammatory cytokine, whereas the TNF-α-238G/A genotype is characterized by reduced TNF-α secretion. A  number of studies have shown an association between TNF-α-308G/A gene polymorphism and severe course of IBD, requiring more active treatment of patients (cytostatics, corticosteroids, biological agents). Some investigators have found that the patients carriers of TNF-α-308G/A had a  higher probability of surgical interventions. The association between TNF-α-308G/A and the phenotypic characteristics of IBD has been identified in studies performed in Europe, Asia, and Russia. The association of this polymorphism with the prevalence of ulcerative colitis has been proven in some studies, in particular, in the Asian population. Similar associations have been noted in few publications originating from Europe and North America, while some studies have found no links between TNF-α-308G/A, -238G/A, and the course of IBD. TNF-α-238G/A gene polymorphism has not shown any significance for the prevalence and course of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. One can assume that the differences in the study results arising from one and the same geographical area are related to genetic heterogeneity of the study groups, phenotypic variances between the study subjects, as well as relatively small sample sizes. Currently, the search for genetic, biochemical and other prognostic criteria for IBD course is in progress. There are studies in progress to investigate the mechanisms of transformation of the genetic information into the particulars of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease manifestations, with consideration of ethnicity.
Evaluación de la resistencia a la corrosión del acero AISI 316l sometido a deformaciones severas mediante la técnica presión calibrada
Authors: Aragón-Lozano Walter Yesid , Fernández-Vega Luis Felipe , Higuera-Cobos Oscar Fabián , Tristancho-Reyes José Luis , Pedraza-Yepes Cristian Antonio
Published: November 2019

En esta investigación, muestras de acero AISI 316L fueron sometidas a deformación plástica severa por la técnica presión calibrada (GP) mediante el uso de 2 matrices de acero de herramientas tipo A2 con dimensiones de 96 mm X 96 mm, una matriz corrugada con dientes de 2 mm y ángulo de 45° y una matriz plana. Cada pase por la matriz GP incluye 2 estados de corrugado y 2 estados de enderezado con una rotación de 180° entre cada uno de ellos. Esta configuración provee al material una deformación teórica equivalente por pase de ε~1.16. Al material fue deformado por 4 pases por GP hasta una deformación equivalente de ε~4,64. Previo a la deformación, las probetas fueron sometidas a un tratamiento térmico de recocido durante una 1 hora a 1000 °C con enfriamiento en agua, con el fin de eliminar la textura de laminación. El material en estado de recocido y deformado se caracterizó química y microestructuralmente mediante fluorescencia de rayos X y microscopía electrónica de barrido, respectivamente. Con el fin de evaluar el comportamiento a la corrosión del material, se utilizó la resistencia a la polarización lineal y el análisis mediante las curvas de Tafel en una solución de 0,6 M de NaCl por un tiempo de 0 y 24 horas. Los resultados muestran un comportamiento atípico en cuanto a la resistencia a la corrosión del acero AISI 316L. Se observó un aumento en la resistencia a la corrosión del 45% del material después de 4 pases por GP en comparación con el material recocido (0 pases).
Improving the Quality of Social, Cultural and Humanitarian Education in Modern Universities: A Discourse
Authors: Sabirov Askadula , Sabirova Lilya
Published: November 2019

A teacher plays a vital role in improving the quality of social, cultural and humanitarian (SCH) education. He/she channels and corrects students when they take steps towards a specific goal, delivers knowledge, manages the learning process, and shapes behavioural patterns. This research aims to contribute to the improvement of SCH education quality in modern universities. The study was carried out with the participation of 790 students from 7 universities: Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow), the Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys, the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, the Voronezh State University, and the North-Eastern Federal University (Yakutsk). The survey reveals uncongenial findings: 30% of the respondents are satisfied with the quality of SCH education in their university, 67% are unsatisfied, and 3% are not sure. The findings allow teachers of humanities and social studies to apply the mechanism described in this study in educational contexts. This research tackles the Elabuga model of education quality improvement in the context of various universities and institutes. The research shows that the Elabuga teaching model has improved the quality of students majoring in humanities and social studies and led to a qualitative and frequent use of innovative methods. Thus, from the US and Russian experience in socio-cultural and humanitarian education, it is evident that Humanities and Social Studies will be more in line with Science and Engineering in years to come.
Confusion and Making Sense of Menstruation: A Micro-level Study of Village Khagawal, Chandauli District, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Sumedha  , Singh Suman
Published: November 2019

Menstruation is a natural process which has significant and irrevocable changes on a woman’s life. Navigating the entire process is no small feat, and the added confusion in the age of information overload often complicates the situation rather than simplifying it. In India, discourses surrounding menstruation are still restricted to sanitary napkins while overlooking menstrual disorders, understanding and examining the agencies responsible for it. Many a time, ancient pearls of wisdom are being dismissed as taboos without apprehending its deeper sciences which helped women in traversing the entire process since time immemorial. This research is an attempt to view menstruation holistically by giving importance to a woman’s personal experiences and to find out how menstruation is integrated into the local culture. To accomplish the research, we conducted a questionnaire survey amongst 40 females aged 13-49 years and three focus group discussions to explore the coping mechanisms, the grass-root problems the rural girls and women face during menstruation in village Khagawal located in Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh. The findings revealed that rudimentary information concerning menstruation was present amongst the respondents— the respondents are aware of the traditional knowledge and ways but completely ignorant regarding the scientific roots of the practices. Some facets of hygiene need to be addressed.
Machine Learning for Clinical Decision-Making: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Sanchez-Martinez Sergio , Camara Oscar , Piella Gemma , Cikes Maja , Gonzalez Ballester Miguel Angel , Miron Marius , Vellido Alfredo , Gomez Emilia , Fraser Alan , Bijnens Bart
Published: November 2019

The use of machine learning (ML) approaches to target clinical problems is called to revolutionize clinical decision-making. The success of these tools is subjected to the understanding of the intrinsic processes being used during the classical pathway by which clinicians make decisions. In a parallelism with this pathway, ML can have an impact at four levels: for data acquisition, predominantly by extracting standardized, high-quality information with the smallest possible learning curve; for feature extraction, by discharging healthcare practitioners from performing tedious measurements on raw data; for interpretation, by digesting complex, heterogeneous data in order to augment the understanding of the patient status; and for decision support, by leveraging the previous step to predict clinical outcomes, response to treatment or to recommend a specific intervention. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art, as well as the current clinical status and challenges associated with each of these tasks, together with the challenges related to the learning process, the auditability/traceability, the system infrastructure and the integration within clinical processes.
OPTIMALISASI LAYANAN PERPUSTAKAAN PERGURUAN TINGGI MELALUI PEMANFAATAN SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORKING SEBAGAI MEDIA KOMUNIKASI ANTARA PERPUSTAKAAN DAN PEMUSTAKA
Authors: Haryanto Haryanto
Published: November 2019

Terbatasnya layanan perpustakaan oleh jarak dan waktu membuat pustakawan berkreativitas dengan memanfaatkan media sosial dalam memberikan layanan. Media sosial merupakan media yang dapat digunakan oleh perpustakaan untuk promosi, informasi, transaksi, silaturahmi, komunikasi, berbagi atau sharing, dan juga
pengembangan diri. Dengan media sosial, perpustakaan dapat membuat grup yang digunakan untuk mengorganisasi pemustaka sehingga komunikasi antara pemustaka
dan perpustakaan dapat dilakukan dengan optimal. Agar media sosial untuk layanan perpustakaan perguruan tinggi berjalan efektif, diperlukan penyediaan sumber daya manusia yaitu pustakawan atau staf perpustakaan (admin) yang khusus bertugas memantau media sosial milik perpustakaan, tata tertib grup dibuat oleh perpustakaan, kemampuan pustakawan dalam penelusuran informasi yang tidak terbatas pada koleksi di tempatnya, dan nomor rekening perpustakaan. Dengan berbagai ketentuan tersebut, komunikasi antarperpustakaan dan pemustaka akan berjalan dan media sosial dapat digunakan sebagai media komunikasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan informasi pemustaka secara optimal.

Kata kunci: media sosial, optimalisasi layanan, perpustakaan perguruan tinggi
Trauma Roundtable: A Displaced Proximal Humerus Fracture at the Surgical Neck in a 51-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Cloutier Dagan , Radi Joshua , Paul Keith W. , Riehl John T.
Published: November 2019

The purpose of JOPA Roundtable discussions is to give orthopaedic physician assistants (PAs) insight on how each participating editorial board member treats certain clinical scenarios in their current practice. For this Orthopaedic Trauma Roundtable, editorial board members with expertise in trauma will discuss management of a displaced proximal humerus fracture in a 51-year-old patient. Participants share their knowledge and experience on the topic.
DO PRICES CONVERGE AMONG INDONESIAN CITIES? AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Jangam Bhushan Praveen , Akram Vaseem
Published: November 2019

We investigate consumer price convergence for 82 Indonesian cities using monthly data from 2014 to 2019. To do so, we employ recent techniques of club convergence and weak sigma convergence. The results reveal, first, consumer price divergence, implying price rigidities across the cities. Second, we find four clubs, suggesting that Indonesian cities converge along four unique transition paths. Third, we find weak evidence of consumer price convergence, suggesting that prices among Indonesian cities adjust, but not freely. Policy should therefore consider unique convergence paths for each club to promote stronger consumer price convergence.
Individual and community level predictors of maternal timely postnatal care services utilization in Ethiopia: A multilevel-mixed effects analysis
Authors: Tadele Afework , Getinet Masrie
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Early identification and management of postpartum complications through timely visit for postnatal care is one of the key interventions in reducing maternal mortality. A community-based national level representative dataset was necessary to inform decision makers in achieving the sustainable development goal (SDG) target of reducing maternal mortality by 70%. This study aims to determine the individual and community level predictors of timely utilization of maternal postnatal care service in Ethiopia. Methods: A community based nationally representative survey of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) in 2016 was utilized. A total of 3,948 women aged 15-49 giving birth in the two years before the survey were included. A two-level mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was employed. Result: Among women aged 15-49 years giving birth in the 2 years before the survey, 17% had a postnatal check during the first 2 days after birth in Ethiopia. Institutional delivery AOR 2.14 [95% C.I 1.70, 2.0] and giving birth by caesarean section AOR 1.66 [95% CI 1.10, 2.50] were found to be an individual level determinants, whereas administrative regions(Oromia 69%, Somali 56%, Benishangul 55%, SNNPR 43%, Gambela 66%, Afar 50% and Dire Dawa 55% which less likely to utilize postnatal care utilization as compared to Addis Ababa city administrative area), Higher community level wealth AOR 1.44 [95% C.I 1.08, 1.2], antenatal care coverage AOR 1.52 [95% C.I 1.19, 1.96] and perceived distance of the health facility as a big problem AOR 0.78[95% C.I 0.60, 0.99] were the community level predictors of timely utilization of post-natal care in Ethiopia. Conclusion: Less than one in five women utilized postnatal care in the first 2 days after birth in Ethiopia. Individual level factors (being gave birth at health facility and caesarean delivery) and community level factors (administrative regions, community level wealth, antenatal care and perception of distance to health facility as a big problem) were found to be significant predictors. Keywords: Postnatal care; multilevel; DHS; Ethiopia
An efficient method for immortalization of amniocytes with chromosome abnormalities for renewable application of rare disease sources
Authors: Weng Binghuan , Shen Xiao-yun , Chen Na , Yu Xiao-peng , Xu Wei , Yang Hao-kun
Published: November 2019

Objective: We describe a new method of immortalizing amniocytes with chromosome abnormalities to generate renewable resources for studying rare diseases. Methods: Three methods were investigated by randomly dividing 180 cases of adherent amniocytes into groups A, B, and C. Group A cells were digested with 0.25% trypsin for 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mins. Group B and C cells were digested with 0.25% trypsin for 3–5 minutes. Group A and B cells were then transfected with PT67 cell-produced SV40LT. Group C digested cells underwent liposome-mediated SV40LT-transfection. Results: The percentage of clones immortalized by SV40LT transfection in groups A, B, and C were 18.3, 5.0, and 16.7%, respectively, after G418 screening. Group A produced a higher percentage of immortalized clones than did groups B and C, but only significantly differed from group B. The karyotypes and chromosome 13, 18, 21, X, and Y fluorescence signals in transfected cells of all groups were identical to those of the primary cells after passaging for 10–15 generations. Conclusions: The trypsin-mediated SV40LT transfection used in group A can be applied for routine establishment of amniocyte lines to obtain a renewable resource for the study of rare diseases and as quality control materials for prenatal diagnosis.
Development of an Embryo Rescue Protocol for Butterfly Weed
Authors: Lewis Mary , Chappell Matthew , Zhang Donglin , Maynard Rebekah
Published: November 2019

We documented a successful embryo rescue (ER) protocol for butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa), a member of the milkweed family (Asclepiadaceae). Milkweed (Asclepias sp.) includes more than 100 species native to the United States, is an important pollinator plant, and has many commercially desirable traits. However, there is little commercial production outside of native plant nurseries because milkweed species are typically seed-grown and suffer from low seed set during pollination, late-term abortion of seed pods, and nonuniform germination. This project determined the optimal growing media (study one) and embryo maturity (study two) to recover mature seedlings from excised embryos and compared the results to those of traditional methods of seed germination (in soilless substrate). Study one investigated three different media: Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium at full strength and half strength and woody plant medium. MS medium at half strength was optimal for butterfly weed germination and maturation, with greater root and shoot lengths at the time of harvest. In study two, the effects of MS medium at half strength on embryo maturation 90, 60, and 30 days after pollination (DAP) were investigated. The optimal time to harvest embryos was 60 DAP; embryos at 30 DAP were capable of germination but not maturation. A mean germination rate of 97.4% was observed when using embryo rescue, but it was 72.3% with mature seed germinated in soilless substrate typical of commercial production. A similar increase in germination rates was observed for all embryo maturities when compared with seed germinated using soilless substrate. The protocol developed for this study should help to standardize production, reduce propagation time, and improve the commercial acceptance and profitability of milkweed.
Cough in children: issues of diagnosis and rational therapy
Authors: Taranushenko Т. Е.
Published: November 2019

The presented review is devoted to topical issues of managing patients with cough, includes literature data on epidemiology, clinical classification, analysis of the causes, and the necessary diagnostic methods and lines of cough pharmacotherapy in children. The article focuses on the differential diagnosis of various pathological conditions and diseases, where cough is the leading clinical sign. The author provides information on treatment and characteristics of drugs recommended for symptomatic therapy of cough and indicates principles for rational antitussive and mucoactive pharmacotherapy.
Modern approaches to the prescription of mucolytics and expectorants in the daily pediatric practice
Authors: Zakirova A. M. , Pikuza O. I. , Volyanyuk E. V. , Rashitova E. K.
Published: November 2019

The article presents the clinical evidence of safety and efficacy of mucolytics and expectorants in the treatment of both productive and non-productive coughs in respiratory infections in childhood in all stages of the infectious-inflammatory process. The authors set a goal to study the efficacy and safety of mucolytics and expectorants in children with respiratory infection in the pediatric practice. Materials and methods. A total of 96 children undergoing inpatient treatment for various variants of acute respiratory infection were examined. The average age of the patients was 7.6 ± 0.9 years old (from 3 to 14 years old). All patients were divided into 3 groups. Primary outcomes. Using the investigational drugs in children with various forms of acute respiratory infection made it possible to quickly reduce the intensity and frequency of cough by Day 3-5 from the onset of the disease and therapy, and transform cough into productive wet cough. The study showed rapid positive dynamics in cases, when acetylcysteine was prescribed from the first days of the disease, with a consistent cough therapy using herbal products. Both investigational drugs showed no adverse drug effects during the study. The results of the analysis brings us to the conclusion that a multimodal approach to cough treatment provides a comprehensive effect, which potentiates the treatment effect and allows us to recommend them in everyday pediatric practice as effective symptomatic agents to treat inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. This method helps to prevent polypharmacy, minimizing the drug load on the child.
Chronic constipation combined with biliary tract dysfunction in children: comorbidity or clinical regularity?
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Berezhnaya I. V. , Shishkina S. V.
Published: November 2019

Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are a common problem in children. The Roman IV criteria adopted in 2016, devoted to the problem of constipation and biliary tract dysfunction in children are developed in accordance with age and are idendoitified by the letter code. This article presents data on the correspondence of the Roman IV criteria and ICD-10 in the combined problem of constipation and biliary tract dysfunction in children. The development of upper gastrointestinal tract pathology caused by increased intracavitary pressure associated with impaired colon motility (chronic constipation) is natural during a prolonged course of chronic constipation. The study based on a specially designed questionnaire in Russia showed that an average of 54% of children in different age groups suffer from chronic constipation, that is, almost every second child. Studies showed that the frequency of biliary tract dysfunction in children with chronic constipation accounts for 42.3 to 100% cases. The survey that we conducted among pediatricians showed that a quarter of doctors found it difficult to establish diagnosis, and 41% of pediatricians struggled with prescribing therapy for persistent constipation in children, especially constipation combined with motor-tonic dysfunction of the colon in children with biliary tract dysfunction. A total of 201 children aged 6 to 15 years (96 boys and 114 girls) were enrolled in the study. In addition to pain syndrome, cellular energy exchange disorder in the form of decreased level of intracellular antioxidant catalase enzyme and plasma antioxidant activity (PAO) was identified against the background of chronic constipation and biliary tract dysfunction in this group of children, which is evidence of decompensation of antioxidant protection in the acute stage of biliary tract dysfunctional disorders in children. The identified changes make a strong case for prescribing a drug with hepatoprotective, choleretic and antioxidant effects. The use of herbal extract of fresh artichoke leaves (Chophytol®, Mayoly Spindle, France) showed the relief of pain syndrome by Day 14 of treatment in 92% of patients (75% in the comparison group), nausea in 74% of children, constipation in 88% (50% of patients in the comparison group). It is important to detect an elevated α-tocopherol level and significantly reduced catalase level, which indicates the need to choose a drug with selective antioxidant activity, which does not change the α-tocopherol level. The introduction of the herbal extract of fresh artichoke leaves (Chophytol®) in the complex therapy of the studied patients accelerated the relief of the clinical symptoms of functional biliary tract disorders and reduced the frequency of constipation in children by 4 times as compared with the control group without significant effect on the α-tocopherol level.
Effectiveness of nutritional supplementation for children with coeliac disease who are on a gluten-free diet
Authors: Kur’yaninova V. A. , Stoyan M. V. , Zakharova I. N. , Klimov L. Ya. , Kashnikov V. S. , Atanesyan R. A. , Dolbnya S. V. , Kochneva L. D. , Zav’yalova E. V. , Abramskaya L. M.
Published: November 2019

Patients on a gluten-free diet are at risk of developing polyhypoavitaminosis and deficiency states, which requires the supplementation of their diet to prevent nutrient deficiencies. The aim of the study: to analyze the dynamics of anthropometric and laboratory parameters, components of the quality of life in children with coeliac disease on the background of a month-long course of administration of hypercaloric mixture for enteric nutrition. Materials and methods: 45 children with coeliac disease aged 2-10 years (mean age 6.3 ± 0.3 years) on a strict gluten-free diet for more than one year. All patients received additional enteric nutrition with a hypercaloric mixture in the volume of 200 ml/day (300 kcal/day) for 1 month as a supplement to the main food ration. Two groups of patients receiving the supplement in 2012-2013 and 2017-2018 were identified. Physical development was assessed under the WHO AnthroPlus programme. The quality of life indicators were assessed using the PedQL 4.0 questionnaire. Results: the total frequency of protein-сalorie deficiency (PCD) before the course of nutritional supplementation was 13 (28.9%) cases, while acute PCD was diagnosed in 6 (13.3%) and chronic PCD in 7 (15.6%) patients. Against the background of the course of nutritious supplementation in children with coeliac disease, there was a significant reduction in weight, height and BMI in both groups. Patients in 2012-2013 initially had a greater gap in weight and height compared to children in 2017-2018. There was an improvement in the sum of the quality of life indicators by 6.3% for children in the first group and by 4.3% for children in the second group against the background of nutritional supplementation. Conclusions: Enrichment of children’s diets with a hypercaloric blend of dietary fiber helps to accelerate the pace of physical development, reduce the number of children with diabetes mellitus, improve hemogram rates and most components of quality of life.
Allergic rhinitis in children’s practice
Authors: Tarasova G. D. , Garashchenko T. I. , Sapozhnikov Y. M.
Published: November 2019

Due to the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) among the population of Russia, especially in pediatric practice, it is important today to give coverage to its clinical manifestations, principles of diagnosis, management of the patients and the possibilities to prevent exacerbations and increasing severity of illness. The authors provide the reasons behind why the intermittent AR has a persistent course. The article presents the diagnostic methods recommended in the ARIA documents. The authors note the important role of tight junctions in the nasal mucosa structure in protecting a person from aeroallergens and substantiate the rationality of prescribing systemic antihistamines to treat viral and a number of other types of infection. They also provide characteristics of minimal persistent inflammation and the distinctive features of local AR. According to the authors, the rationale for the use of complex treatment is the impossibility to completely cure AR. The article lists the activities and drugs included in the therapy regimen that is defined in the ARIA documents. However, the choice of a drug prescribed to the patient should be personified. The authors substantiate the prescription of systemic antihistamines in the development of acute respiratory viral infections caused by rhinovirus and give preference to Fenistil® due to the possibility of its use at an early age from 1 month in the form of syrup and drops as the most convenient dosage forms. The benefits of Fenistil® include: the speed of onset of a drug effect and its duration, high antihistamine activity and, as a result, pronounced itch relief, as well as the absence of a cardiotoxic effect, mild sedative effect, the ability of precise dosing and reduced production of nasal secretions. A clinical case with the rationale for the systemic use of this drug is presented. It is concluded that clinical data on the high efficacy and safety of Fenistil® entitle us to believe that its use is expedient, especially in pediatric practice.
Why do acute respiratory infections in children remain a pressing problem? Current, prevention and treatment options
Authors: Kanner E. V. , Gorelov A. V. , Pechkurov D. V. , Maksimov M. L. , Ermolayeva A. S.
Published: November 2019

Literary data on peculiarities of immune system, anti-infectious immunity, including local protection of respiratory tract (lymphaticepithelial pharyngeal system), in children of early and preschool age, causing their higher incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) are given in the article. This age period is characterized by «physiological» humoral immune deficiency, reduced activation of the complement system, insufficient synthesis of cytokines, including interferons, T-cell immunosuppression, impaired intercellular cooperation, poor functional activity of natural killers and phagocytes. Despite the large range of means and methods of prophylaxis of infectious and inflammatory diseases of viral and bacterial etiology, it is necessary to search for new approaches taking into account the peculiarities of immune status in young children. The article presents the possibilities of controlling the system of congenital and adaptive immunity with medications, in particular, by using the bacterial lysate Broncho-munal®. The immunoregulatory role of bacterial lysates is presented in detail. The pathogenetic substantiation of the use of bacterial lysate Broncho-munal® for the prevention of acute respiratory infections in children, including children with recurrent respiratory infections is given.
Pediatrician’s view about the treatment of atopic dermatitis with methylprednisolone
Authors: Romanyuk F. P.
Published: November 2019

The article considers the present-day idea of the etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in children, which forms, from the pediatrician’s point of view, basis for decision making on effective modern therapeutic and preventive measures. Due attention is given to the description of highly effective topical glucocorticosteroids, which allows to gain control over the disease within a short time. Among all the topical corticosteroids of methylprednisolone aceponate 0.1%, local glucocorticosteroid can be used in children aged 4 months and older and has an optimal therapeutic index, safe, which is proved in the randomized trials. The article states the principles of management of sick children with atopic dermatitis, taking into account a wide range of comorbid conditions and diseases.
Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938: what is known about it today?
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Berezhnaya I. V. , Kuchina A. Е. , Dedikova O. V.
Published: November 2019

The review is devoted to the analysis of data on the effects ofLactobacillus reuteriDSM 17938, confirmed in clinical trials. Thanks to their antimicrobial activity,L. reuteriis able to inhibit colonization by pathogenic microorganisms and restore the composition of compensatory intestinal microbiota. Another study showed a positive protective effect of intestinal microbiota when administeredL. reuterisimultaneously with antibiotics. In addition,L. reuterisupports the immune system of the human body. For example, some strains ofL. reuterimay reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while stimulating the development and proliferation of regulatory T-lymphocytes. AddingL. reuterito the diet may be attractive in terms of preventing the development of inflammatory bowel disease. The results of a recent meta-analysis confirmed the efficacy ofL. reuteriin the treatment of infantile colic. Further research is aimed at finding evidence of the efficacy ofL. reuteriuse in children who are artificially fed, with infant colic and in children born by caesarean section.
Correction of micronutrient deficiencies is one of the priority directions in the practical work of a pediatrician
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Tvorogova Т. M.
Published: November 2019

Micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, micronutrients) are essential for the normal functioning of the body. The problem of vitamin deficiency leads to the risk of alimentary-dependent diseases. The reasons of inadequate provision with vitamins and minerals are given: unbalanced irrational nutrition, the quality of the products themselves, the nutritional value of which is significantly reduced with the use of modern production technologies. It is noted that the biological availability, i.e. the degree of absorption of vitamins from different products, varies widely from 5 to 80% of their total content in the product. In order to concretize the diverse physiological role of micronutrients as an important component of various enzyme systems and metabolic catalysts, the authors summarize the literature reflecting the importance of vitamins of group B, ascorbic acid, retinol, vitamin D and their functional correlations, as well as the need for a balanced and harmonious approach to their dosing. The problem of negative influence of deficiency of microelements on the structural and functional condition of various organs and systems, on morbidity, linear growth, development of various skills and psycho-emotional sphere of the child is covered. Attention is paid to the danger of micronutrient deficiency, which often remains unrecognized for a long time, because its clinical manifestations are not specific and can be observed in various diseases. However, the excess of individual micronutrients also disrupts the physiological and biochemical processes in the body. The vitamin requirements of healthy infants correspond to the amount of vitamins consumed daily with the mother’s milk: From 4-6 months of age, the provision of vitamins to the child is significantly affected by the introduction of complementary foods, for children from 1.5 to 3 years of age, the daily dose of vitamins and minerals in the VMC should not exceed 50% of the daily physiological needs, and for children over 3 years of age should not exceed 100% of the daily physiological needs for vitamins A, D and micronutrients (selenium, zinc, iodine, copper, iron), and 200% for water-soluble vitamins. An example of balanced and complete composition of vitamin complexes Multi-Tabs is given.
Influence of functional ingredients of baby food on immunity
Authors: Komarova О. N. , Khavkin A. I.
Published: November 2019

In order to prevent the development of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, overweight and obesity, diabetes mellitus, cancer and allergic pathology, it is necessary to adhere to a balanced diet from an early age, with the inclusion of functional ingredients, including dietary fiber, vitamins and vitamin-like compounds, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics and probiotics. Combined enrichment of dairy products with prebiotics and probiotics helps to combine their positive and effective impacts. There has been an improvement in the survival of probiotic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). It has been shown that the addition of prebiotics and probiotics to the diet helps to change the composition of the intestinal microbiota towards a more balanced structure, thereby increasing the barrier function of the intestine and the formation of optimal immune interactions. The general effects of prebiotics and probiotics include maintaining homeostasis and integrity of the intestinal mucosa, providing colonization potential for pathogens, production of short-chain fatty acids and vitamins, metabolism of bile acids, regulation of transit through the gastrointestinal tract, and increased regeneration of enterocytes. The combination of bifidobacteria or lactobacteria with fructo-oligosaccharides in symbiotic products is most commonly used in human nutrition. In our study, patients aged 8 to 18 months, reconvalescents of acute respiratory disease for which antibacterial therapy was prescribed, included in their diet for 3 months drinking yoghurts enriched with Bifidobacterium Lactis BB12 and inulin. Inclusion of yoghurt in the diet of children contributed to the normalization of intestinal microbiota composition after antibacterial therapy, as well as strengthening immunity by stimulating the synthesis of protective factors secretory immunoglobulin A and lysozyme.
Phytoremediation of nitrate contaminated water using ornamental plants
Authors: Shyamala S. , Manikandan N. Arul , Pakshirajan Kannan , Tang Van Tai , Rene Eldon R. , Park Hung-Suck , Behera Shishir Kumar
Published: November 2019

This work aims at evaluating the potential of two ornamental plant species, i.e., money plant (Epiprennum aureum) and arrowhead plant (Syngonium podophyllum), to treat nitrate containing wastewater. Statistically designed experiments were performed to ascertain the effect of initial nitrate concentration (40–120 mg/L), growth period (1–12 days) and plant density (20–80 g/L) on nitrate removal. Based on the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was observed that the individual effects (F = 78.04 and P = 0.013) of process parameters influenced the nitrate removal efficiency by money plant stronger than the 2-way (F = 0.2 and P = 0.89) and 3-way interaction effects (F = 0.46 and P = 0.569). In the case of the arrowhead plant, the individual effects significantly affected the nitrate removal efficiency than the 2-way and 3-way interaction effects. Low nitrate concentrations (40 mg/L) and high plant density (80 g/L), showed ∼88% nitrate removal by arrowhead plant, during a growth period of 6 d. On the contrary, under similar conditions, the money plant showed a nitrate removal efficiency of ∼93% during a growth period of 12 d. Concerning the removal kinetics, an increase in the growth period increased the nitrate removal rate for both the plants.
Governo pós-impeachment na mídia
Authors: Saparas Marcelo , Ikeda Sumiko , Rocha Professor Juciano
Published: November 2019

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa que, por meio de uma análise sistêmico-funcional, emprega todos os métodos e instrumentos que a abordagem oferece que podem revelar processos político-ideológicos do governo pós-impeachment. Para tanto, consideram-se as estruturas lexicogramaticais dentro de um enquadre de uma metáfora construída que não só permeia e domina todo o editorial, mas também forma a espinha dorsal da sua estrutura argumentativa. A pesquisa examina, nesse sentido, um editorial publicado no jornal Folha de S.Paulo sobre o início do governo Temer, pós-impeachment de Dilma Rousseff. O estudo conta com a proposta teórico-metodológica da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, bem como com a Teoria da Metáfora. Os resultados mostram as seguintes metáforas construídas com base nas escolhas ao longo do texto: o governo Temer como muralha, a muralha como sendo algo frágil e a muralha como algo destrutível.
A emergência de domínio funcional e a abordagem construcional da gramática
Authors: Aguiar Vieira Caio , Viana Sousa Valéria
Published: November 2019

Partindo da concepção de língua adotada pela Gramática de Construções (CROFT, 2001) e da perspectiva construcional da mudança (TRAUGOTT; TROUSDALE, 2013; TEIXEIRA; ROSÁRIO, 2016), objetivamos, neste estudo, analisar o deslizamento de domínio funcional do que nem na Língua Portuguesa. Para tanto, ancoramo-nos nos estudos de Vieira e Sousa (2019), que se debruçaram na investigação do que nem como conector e na análise construcional empreendida por Sambrana (2017) a respeito dos Marcadores Discursivos (MDs). Como recurso metodológico, utilizamos os dados de fala dos Corpora Popular e Culto de Vitória da Conquista, além de empregarmos o método qualitativo para a análise dos dados.  Os resultados mostraram que o que nem está em processo de deslocamento de domínio funcional e passa a integrar, também, a rede construcional dos MDs, na rota [QUE NEM]conect --> [QUE NEM]md, sendo utilizado, sobretudo, com a função de manutenção do turno conversacional.
As bases conceituais dos conectores condicionais em português
Authors: Peres de Oliveira Taísa
Published: November 2019

Neste trabalho, avaliam-se diferentes padrões de construções condicionais no português a partir dos parâmetros de condicionalidade. O objetivo principal é mostrar como a categoria está internamente organizada em termos das bases conceituais que dão margem ao significado condicional. As bases teóricas deste trabalho assentam-se sobre a perspectiva dos modelos baseados no uso, em especial nos termos de Bybee (2010) e Dancygier (1998), considerado a relativa instabilidade da gramática e a fluidez da categoria. As reflexões principais apontam a condicionalidade como uma categoria bastante complexa que serve ao abrigo de múltiplas construções. A partir daí, analisa-se o modo como os parâmetros de condicionalidade se associam aos diferentes domínios conceituais a partir do qual traços do significado condicional emergem. Os resultados, espera-se, contribuirão para um entendimento mais amplo da manifestação da condicionalidade em português e, de modo mais geral, da condicionalidade como um todo. Os dados para a análise serão coletados no banco de dados www.corpusdoportugues.org.
Perkembangan Ilmu Komunikasi di Indonesia: Instrumentalisasi Kuasa Hingga Mekanisme Pasar
Authors: Adiprasetio Justito
Published: November 2019

Jatuhnya Orde Baru pada tahun 1998, pada dasarnya memberikan berbagai harapan bagi Ilmu Sosial di Indonesia. Namun, harapan ini cenderung tumpul dalam menghadapi Ilmu Komunikasi. Mengutip Rahardjo (2012), komunikasi sering hanya dianggap sebagai studi teoritis yang organisasinya memiliki orientasi untuk menghasilkan lulusan yang cepat terserap oleh pasar. Artikel ini adalah upaya untuk menemukan cara untuk pengembangan Ilmu Komunikasi, dengan upaya untuk mengisi ketiadaan studi terkait dengan metamorfosis Ilmu Komunikasi, sehingga artikel ini disusun untuk menunjukkan kontinuitas dan diskontinuitas wacana Ilmu Komunikasi selama Orde Baru hingga Pasca Orde Baru. Beberapa temuan dalam penelitian ini diharapkan berkontribusi pada gagasan pengembangan studi Ilmu Komunikasi itu sendiri. Artikel ini juga bertujuan untuk melanjutkan proyek yang sebelumnya dilakukan oleh Dhakidae (2003), Heryanto (2004), Haryanto (2008), Samuel (2010), untuk menunjukkan praktik kekuasaan dan pembentukan diskursif ilmu sosial di Indonesia.
A Study of College English Teaching Reform in Application-Oriented Undergraduate Colleges and Universities under the Background of New Engineering
Authors: Bai Yang
Published: November 2019

This article, through the methods of logical analysis, expert interview and questionnaire survey, combs the deficiencies in the process of College English teaching reform in the Application-oriented Undergraduate Colleges and Universities under the background of new engineering, and strives to put forward the improvement strategies in the reform of College English Teaching in the Application-oriented Universities Based on the theories of pedagogy, management and other disciplines, so as to make it continuously innovate for the education of our country in the future Progress helps.
Strengthening Authority Of Indigenous Actors Post-Determination Of Kampung Adat Status In Kabupaten Siak
Authors: Setiawan Husni , Zetra Aidinil
Published: November 2019

Studi ini membahas tentang status adat yang memiliki kekuatan hukum formal secara berangsur berdampak pada penambahan dan penguatan hak politik tokoh adat. Fenomena ini terjadi di Kampung Adat Sakai Minas, Kabupaten Siak. Masyarakat kampung adat tersebut membuat aturan kepemimpinan penghulu harus berasal dari Etnis Sakai atau yang memiliki pertalian darah dengan masyarakat Sakai. Disisi lain, terjadi dikotomi hak politik masyarakat diluar Etnis Sakai yaitu tidak berhak menjadi penghulu kampung. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penguatan otoritas aktor adat di Kabupaten Siak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tipe fenomenologi. Analisis data menggunakan etik dan emik berdasarkan hasil wawancara mendalam dan dokumen terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktor adat masyarakat Etnis Sakai di Kabupaten Siak mendapat penguatan otoritas secara tradisi dan hukum formal pemerintahan. Penguatan otoritas merupakan penerjemahan terhadap Peraturan daerah Kabupaten Siak No. 2 Tahun 2015 Tentang Penetapan Kampung Adat.Kata Kunci: Otoritas, Aktor Adat dan Kampung Adat Sakai
Niklas Luhmann’s system theory: A critical analysis
Authors: Šubrt J
Published: November 2019

This article considers the nature of the theoretical legacy - the system theory - of the German sociologist Niklas Luhmann. The author focuses on three topics: first, he briefly describes Luhmann’s ideas in the context of the contemporary sociological thought; second, he identidies how Luhmann’s works are perceived today; third, he presents a new reflection on Luhmann’s works. Paradigmatically, Luhmann’s ideas can be attributed to the system theory, neo-functionalism and radical constructivism due to his efforts to find inspiration in natural sciences. At the same time, Luhmann found himself in the close position to the traditions of the German philosophical idealism. Although the system theory is holistic in nature, Luhmann used for its elaboration elements of the individualist-oriented approach (based on Max Weber’s ideas). Thus, in Luhmann’s conception, systems become holistic entities that, like individual subjects, are capable of making decisions and managing themselves. One of the strengths of Luhmann’s conception is determined by his evolutionary theory consistent with random (in Luhmann’s terms - contingent) development connected with the idea of an open future. As with Parsons, in Luhmann’s conception we find emphasis on the consensus ensured by communication processes. However, what is missing, are the topics of work, production, conflict, struggle and violence. The current decline in the interest in Luhmann’s works has been reinforced by the fact that he was unable to translate his conceptions into instruments for the empirical sociological research. Nevertheless, Luhmann’s theory of a functionally differentiated society and its consequences still represents a significant stimulus for the contemporary sociological thought.