bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiently Jet-powered Radiation in Intermediate-luminosity Optical Transients
Authors: Soker Noam
Published: April 2020

I show that a flow structure where wide jets hit a slower expanding shell might be very efficient in channeling the kinetic energy of the jets to radiation, therefore accounting for, at least a fraction of, intermediate-luminosity optical transients (ILOTs) where the total radiation energy is much larger than what recombination energy of the outflow can supply. This type of flow might occur in the frame of the high-accretion-powered ILOT (HAPI) model, where there is a high mass accretion rate as a result of stellar merger or mass transfer in a binary system. I derive the condition on the jets half opening angle for the jets not to penetrate through the slow shell, as well as the ratio of the photon diffusion time to expansion time. This ratio cannot be too large if a large fraction of the thermal energy is channeled to radiation. I apply the jet-powered radiation model to the Great Eruption of Eta Carinae, to V838 Mon, and to V4332 Sgr, and find a plausible set of parameters for these ILOTs. I expect the jet-powered radiation model to be more efficient in converting kinetic energy to radiation than ILOT models that are based on equatorial mass concentration. In many cases, though, I expect both jets and equatorial mass concentration to occur in the same system.
Where do you come from, stranger? A scientific-historical digression with discussion on nomenclature and taxonomy of Testudo graeca Linnaeus, 1758
Authors: Schweiger Mario , Gemel Richard
Published: April 2020

It is shown that the location data for the terra typica restricta ofTestudo graecaand for the terra typica designata forTestudo graecaare based on an incorrectly assigned location. In fact, the original place corresponds to Santa Cruz, known today as Agadir (Morocco) and not the old Spanish fortress of Santa Cruz near Oran in Algeria. Accordingly, populations ofTestudo graecafrom the Agadir environment have to be namedTestudo graeca graecainstead ofTestudo graeca soussensis. For the populations ofTestudo graecafrom the vicinity of Algiers, “mauritanica” is the next available name for this subspecies ofgraeca. Therefore,Testudo graeca mauritanicahas to be used instead ofTestudo graeca graeca. ForTestudo graeca mauritanica, a lectotypus is designated.
Vezljivost poljskih glagolov s predpono w(e)- in slovenskih glagolov s predpono v-
Authors: Wtorkowska Maria
Published: April 2020

V prispevku je na podlagi pomensko-skladenjskih razčlemb poljskih ter slovenskih glagolskih tvorjenk predstavljena njihova vezljivost in pomen, ki ga vnaša predpona terfunkcije, v katerih nastopa predpona w(e)-, v- v glagolskih tvorjenkah. Ključne besede: glagolske tvorjenke, slovenske glagolske tvorjenke s prefiks om v-, poljske glagolske tvorjenke s prefiks om w(e)-, vezljivost glagolov s prefiksom v- in w(e)-.
Slovansko‑romanski jezikovni stik v moližanski hrvaščini: vzporednost s slovenskimi narečji v Furlaniji
Authors: Benacchio Rosanna
Published: April 2020

V prispevku se avtorica posveti moližanski hrvaščini in obravnava jezikovne (oblikoskladenjske) posebnosti, ki so se razvile zaradi romanske interference, predvsem pa se osredotoča na tiste pojave, ki so prisotni tudi v slovenskih narečjih v Furlaniji. Tako je možno ugotoviti, da je večstoletna izpostavljenost stiku z bližnjim romanskim jezikovnim prostorom često privedla do podobnih sprememb na dveh sicer genetsko sorodnih, a geografsko oddaljenih območjih.
Deapelativna krajevna imena z determinantami Graf‑, Herr‑ in Pape‑/Pfaffe‑ na območju med Saalo in Niso
Authors: Bily Inge
Published: April 2020

Avtorica v prispevku obravnava deapelativna krajevna imena z determinantami Graf‑, Herr‑ in Pape‑/Pfaffe‑ na območju med Saalo in Niso. V tem nemško‑slovanskem naselitvenem področju ne obstajajo vedno slovanske ustreznice k nemškim krajevnoimenskim tvorbam.
Priimek Vram
Authors: Merkù Pavle
Published: April 2020

Avtor končni ‑m v tržaškem priimku Vram v primerjavi s splošnoslovenskima variantama Vran in Uran razlaga z vplivom tergestinskega narečja.
Soglasniški sklopi v cerkljanskem narečju
Authors: Kenda-Jež Karmen
Published: April 2020

Prispevek prinaša popis (vzglasnih, izglasnih in medsamoglasniških) soglasniških sklopov v osrednjecerkljanskem narečju. Inventar sklopov je primerjan s tistim iz slovenskega knjižnega jezika, kakor je predstavljen v obravnavah Jožeta Toporišiča in Tatjane Srebot-Rejec.
Kebrov Slovar slovenskih frazemov
Authors: Rojs Jurij
Published: April 2020

Janez Keber, Slovar slovenskih frazemov, Ljubljana: Založba ZRC, ZRC SAZU, 2011 (Slovarji), 1158 str.
Živali v prispodobah - opica, nevšečna človekova sorodnica
Authors: Keber Janez
Published: April 2020

V članku obravnava avtor metaforiko, frazeologij o in simboliko, ki so povezane z opico. Izhaja iz slovenskega gradiva, primerjalno pa pritegne tudi druge evropske jezike.
Kritični pretres poskusnega snopiča Bibliotekarskega terminološkega slovarja
Authors: Gantar Polona
Published: April 2020

S kritičnim pretresom želimo predvsem ugotoviti, ali obdelava ca Bibliotekarskega terminološkega slovarja (v nadaljevanju BTS) po izdelanem sistemu, kotje predstavljen v poskusnem snopiču, »omogoča ^ pravilno branje in razumevanje slovarja, kasneje pa tudi njegovo < rabo«, hkrati pa obravnavati obvestilnost in ustreznost predstavitve N besediščnih enot predvsem z leksikografskega in slovenističnega vidika.
Vezljivost glagolov s slovarsko oznako s širokim pomenskim obsegom
Authors: Žele Andreja
Published: April 2020

Prispevek predstavlja skupino glagolov s slovničnim kvalifikatorskim pojasnilom s širokim pomenskim obsegom (oznaka v SSKJ). Sodeč po označenih leksemih in po njihovem ponazar j alnem gradivu lahko trdimo, da je slovnično kvalifikatorsko pojasnilo s širokim pomenskim obsegom (kar potem velja tudi za pojasnilo z oslabljenim pomenom) izrazito vezljivostna oznaka, kar jo opravičuje ter hkrati opozarja na nujen natančnejši pregled vezljivostnih sposobnosti leksema pred njeno uporabo. Tovrstne širokepomensko-skladenjske vezljivostne zmožnosti, predvsem glagolov, pridevnikov in samostalnikov kot nosilcev vezljivosti ali kot vezljivostnih udeležencev oz. skladenjskih določil upravičijo tudi ločevanje med predlogi kot prostimi glagolskimi morfemi in predlogi kot /ne/obvezno vezavnimi udeleženskimi morfemi (ki v okviru istega leksema vezljivostno precizirajo določen glagolski pomen).
Trije narečni slovarji
Authors: Weiss Peter
Published: April 2020

Trije narečni slovarji
Fonološki opis govora pri Negovi (SLA 367)
Authors: Koletnik Mihaela
Published: April 2020

Govor Negove je točka 367 v mreži krajev za Slovenski lingvistični atlas. Govor, ki spada v panonsko narečno skupino, natančneje v vzhodno slovenskogoriško podnarečje, nima tonemskih nasprotij, ohranjeno pa je kolikostno nasprotje. Soglasniški sistem se od knjižnega razlikuje le v posameznih razvojih.
Tomislav Lipljin, Rječnik varaždinskoga kajkavskog govora (Varaždin 2002)
Authors: Weiss Peter
Published: April 2020

V predstavljeni knjigi amaterskega slovaropisca Tomi-slava Lipljina, ki so mu pomagali strokovnjaki, je prikazano hrvaško kajkavsko narečje v Varaždinu. Veliko število (tudi lastnoimenskih) iztočnic (okoli 33.000) z opaznim deležem najsodobnejšega besedja ter dobra usklajenost podatkov v geslih in med njimi uvršča to delo med najpomembnejše dosežke hrvaškega narečnega slovaropisja.
A Cultural Approach to African Management Philosophy
Authors: Iguisi Osarumwense
Published: April 2020

Despite acknowledging the existence of indigenous management capabilities and skills in Africa, management practice in precolonial African societies was seen by the colonizers as primitive management. Africans have ways of exercising power and authority at the workplace, ways of motivating and rewarding people to make them work harder. Neither the institutions nor the political structures put in place by the colonizers acknowledge these indigenous knowledge structures, but much of them have survived in the traditions and cultural values of the African people. However, unlike in Europe and most parts of Asia, the attempted modernization or Westernization after independence has completely neglected the indigenous sociocultural knowledge and tried to transplant western management theories and models to traditional African societies. This article draws attention to the relevance of cultures to management philosophy with the purpose of contributing to a culturally appropriate practice of management in Africa. It has been shown that the different management theories in the form that they have been developed in the West reflect western philosophical thoughts which may not fit culturally in Africa management practice. However, in developing theories and building models of management theories in Africa, it is unlikely to pay Africans to throw away all that the West has to offer. Rather, the approach to appropriate management theorizing is to reflect on assumptions of Western management theories, compare Western assumptions about sociocultural values with African cultural values to rebuild the theories and models. The use of anthropological and philosophical concepts in this context will help in the development of appropriate management practice.
E-Learning and Management Education at African Universities
Authors: Naidoo Vannie
Published: April 2020

Technology has bridged all areas in society from government, corporate, society and education. Technology has changed the classroom dynamics in higher education institutions. Management education attracts the most elite students into our programs. These students join the faculty so that they can acquire qualifications and skills and one day join the business, entrepreneurship or corporate world. The new technologies are teaching tools that can be used to assist academics to enhance their teaching in the classroom. Some of these technologies are: desktop and laptop computers; notepads, Software; including assistive software; interactive whiteboards; digital cameras; mobile and wireless tools, including mobile phones; Electronic communication tools, including e-mail, discussion; Virtual learning Environments and Learning activity management systems e.g. E-Learning. Management educators should embrace technology in their curriculum and program offerings.
Africanizing Science Education
Authors: Osisioma Irene U.
Published: April 2020

The development of Science and Technology has been positively associated with every nation's economic well-being and quality of life. Even though the importance of science in people's daily lives may not be readily noticeable, people engage in many science related activities and experiences, most of which enable them to make science-related decisions and choices every day. This implies that science education will continue to shape humanity, the environment, quality of life, sustainability of the planet, and peaceful coexistence. Effective participation in the scientifically and technologically driven world of the 21st Century implies a science education that produces scientifically literate citizens. This chapter provides justification for rethinking the way science education should be done in Africa generally, and Nigeria, in specific. Recommendations were made for the use of context-based science instruction as an effective way to Africanize science instruction.
Managing Terrorism in Africa
Authors: Gyamfi Gerald Dapaah
Published: April 2020

Terrorism has contributed significantly to the unstable and unavoidable conflict and threat to security to many countries in the twenty-first century globally. In this qualitative case study, the author explores the causes and devastating effects of terrorism on the continent of Africa. The study used purposive sampling method to select and interview eight executive police officers from the Kofi Annan International Peace Training Centre (KAIPTC) and the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) of the Ghana Police Service (GPS). The researcher also assessed issues of policing in Africa relating to terrorism using archival records kept at criminal investigations departments, empirical studies, and other records on the menace published by renowned experts. The study reveals that socialization and radicalism through some interventions are the major causes of terrorism in Africa. The study recommends that international bodies led by the United Nations should support the policing efforts to curb the menace of terrorism in Africa.
Child Marriages in Rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Kurebwa Jeffrey , Kurebwa Nyasha Yvonne
Published: April 2020

The objectives of this article was to understand the causes, effects and measures to reduce child marriages in rural Zimbabwe. Child marriages have serious social, economic, health and political implications on young girls and their communities. Young girls are also robbed of their locally and internationally recognised rights. Ending child marriages demands a multi-sectoral approach where all actors, such as parents, national governments, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), local culture, and religion are involved. This article relies on qualitative methodology to gather data. Purposive sampling and snow ball sampling methods were used to identify key informants and women who were victims of child marriages. Stakeholders involved in children's rights should provide reproductive health and education services to local communities in order to end child marriages.
Preferences for Mechanical Ventilation Among Survivors of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation and Tracheostomy
Authors: Guentner Kathleen , Hoffman Leslie A. , Happ Mary Beth , Kim Yookyung , Dabbs Annette DeVito , Mendelsohn Aaron B. , Chelluri Lakshmipathi
Published: April 2020

• Background Among survivors of prolonged mechanical ventilation, preferences for this treatment have rarely been explored.

• Objectives To elicit preferences of survivors of prolonged mechanical ventilation (≥7 days) and factors influencing these preferences.

• Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used. Subjects were recruited from intensive care units in a tertiary care hospital and from long-term care facilities. Each subject (n = 30) was asked to reflect on the decision to use mechanical ventilation; rate current health, pain/discomfort in the intensive care unit and from mechanical ventilation, perceived family financial burden, and emotional/physical stress related to mechanical ventilation; identify changes that would influence preference for mechanical ventilation; and answer questions about quality of life, functional status, depressive symptoms, and communication.

• Results Most subjects (75.9%) would have chosen mechanical ventilation. Median days of mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy were greater for subjects who would have chosen mechanical ventilation (98.5 vs 70), as were median days of tracheostomy (102 vs 64). Patients who would not have chosen mechanical ventilation had more depressive symptoms and were more likely to be insured by Medicare. No other variables differed between groups. Patients who preferred mechanical ventilation would change their preference on the basis of their families’ emotional/physical stress and financial burden. Patients who did not prefer mechanical ventilation would change their preference if the family financial burden and emotional/physical stress were reduced and current health improved.

• Conclusions Most patients would have chosen mechanical ventilation. Survivors’ preferences were influenced by their current health and families’ financial burden and stress.
Elevated Cardiac Troponin Levels in Critically Ill Patients: Prevalence, Incidence, and Outcomes
Authors: Lim Wendy , Cook Deborah J. , Griffith Lauren E. , Crowther Mark A. , Devereaux P. J.
Published: April 2020

• Background Levels of cardiac troponin, a sensitive and specific marker of myocardial injury, are often elevated in critically ill patients.

• Objectives To document elevated levels of cardiac troponin I in patients in a medical-surgical intensive care unit and the relationship between elevated levels and electrocardiographic findings and mortality.

• Methods A total of 198 patients expected to remain in the intensive care unit for at least 72 hours were classified as having myocardial infarction (cardiac troponin I level ≥1.2 μg/L and ischemic electrocardiographic changes), elevated troponin level only (≥1.2 μg/L and no ischemic electrocardiographic changes), or normal troponin levels. Events were classified as prevalent if they occurred within 48 hours after admission and as incident if they occurred 48 hours or later after admission. Factors associated with mortality were examined by using regression analysis.

• Results A total of 171 patients had at least one troponin level measured in the first 48 hours. The prevalence of elevated troponin level was 42.1% (72 patients); 38 patients (22.2%) had myocardial infarction, and 34 (19.9%) had elevated troponin level only. After the first 48 hours, 136 patients had at least 1 troponin measurement. The incidence of elevated troponin level was 11.8% (16 patients); 7 patients (5.1%) met criteria for myocardial infarction, and 2 (1.5%) had elevated troponin level only. Elevated levels of troponin I at any time during admission were associated with mortality in the univariate but not the multivariate analysis.

• Conclusions Elevated levels of cardiac troponin I in critically ill patients do not always indicate myocardial infarction or an adverse prognosis.
High Temperature and High Reliability Performance of Electrically Conductive Film Adhesives for RF Grounding Applications
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Katze Doug , Wood John , Tolla Bruno , Yun Howard
Published: April 2020

Over the past decade, electronic parts have become smaller, more complex, and highly functional. This is well understood for many products within the consumer and handheld markets. Miniaturization, however, is also impacting sectors such as aerospace and automotive, pushing the limits of already harsh environments. As more power is driven through active devices, the integrity of materials used to provide the electrically conductive interfaces is becoming increasingly critical. For many applications, adhesive films have been the preferred material because they offer a variety of performance and operational advantages such high electrical and thermal conductivity, uniform bondlines, superior adhesion, and low processing temperatures. Today, as miniaturization pushes power-density limits and although devices are also being exposed to high operating temperatures, even for traditionally robust adhesive films, it is challenging to cope with these conditions. In sectors such as aerospace where high reliability is essential, material capability must evolve to deliver on fail-safe performance expectations. This study compares the performance of an established and widely used electrically conductive film adhesive with that of a newly developed film designed to provide improved mechanical performance over a higher elevated temperature range.
A ascensão da agropecuária e seus reflexos sobre as estruturas socioespaciais de povos e comunidades tradicionais no médio São Francisco mineiro
Authors: Neves Sérgio Leandro Sousa , Leite Marcos Esdras , Neves Lisa Vany Ribeiro Figueiredo
Published: April 2020

Buscando compreender a dimensão e reflexos das atividades agropecuárias na socioespacialidade do Médio São Francisco mineiro, o presente estudo se propôs analisar a expansão da atividade agropecuária no uso e ocupação do solo nas épocas de 1986 e 2015, na região do Norte de Minas Gerais, especificamente nos municípios de Pedras de Maria da Cruz, Januária, Bonito de Minas, Cônego Marinho, Itacarambi, São João das Missões, Matias Cardoso, Manga e Jaíba. Atividade esta que se sobrepõem às dinâmicas e estruturas sociais de comunidades tradicionais com práticas e “modus operandi” pré-estabelecidos. Os procedimentos metodológicos partiram da construção da série temporal de mapas analíticos com dados que revelam as alterações socioespaciais no período proposto, subsidiadas por uma revisão bibliográfica que trata da temática. As análises permitiram concluir que o avanço da agropecuária contribuiu, em larga escala, para a redução de matas nativas e corpos hídricos; para o surgimento de conflitos socioambientais; submeteu as comunidades tradicionais à expropriação territorial e perda de direitos; comprometeu de maneira expoente a reprodução de seus modos, manejos e saberes tradicionais. Emergem, a partir deste impacto socioambiental, movimentos sociais diversos na região como estratégia de resistência.
Analysis of the Levels of Physical Activity in the Quality of Life of Elderly Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Neto Leônidas Oliveira , de Oliveira Tavares Vagner Deuel , do Nascimento Ângelo Augusto Paula , Lima Kenio Costa
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Changes in lifestyle are essential to promote the control of hypertension and quality of life in older adults. Objective: To verify the influence of the level of physical activity (LPA) on quality of life in hypertensive older adults.

METHOD: The sample included a total of 291 hypertensive older adults, 102 men and 189 women, with a mean age of 69.7 ± 7.7 and 69.2 ± 7.2 respectively. The General Linear Model was applied to measure the interactions (LPA and sex) between active and inactive groups.

RESULTS: There was a difference between active men and active women with inactive older adults of both sexes for mental status (p<.0001), as well as a difference between active men and active women with inactive older adults of both sexes for somatic manifestations (p<.0001). No differences were observed between active men and active women for any other variables.

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a higher level of physical activity can lead to a better quality of life.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 9, No. 10
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: April 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 9, No. 10, 2017.
Phosphorus Contents in the Profile of an Oxisol With Continuous Application of Liquid Swine Manure
Authors: Hemielevski Louise Stefanello , Machado Línia Dayane Lopes , Menezes June Faria Scherrer , Boldrin Paulo Fernandes , Furtini Isabela Volpi
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of phosphorus in the soil by the determination of phosphorus contents in an Oxisol cultivated with soybean during the 2016/2017 crop season, after 17 years of successive applications of liquid swine manure (LSM). The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the University of Rio Verde. The treatments were: T1-control; T2-25 m3 ha-1 of LSM; T3-50 m3 ha-1 of LSM; T4-75 m3 ha-1 of LSM; T5-100 m3 ha-1 of LSM and T6-fertilization with mineral fertilizer. The subplots refer to soil depths: 0-10; 10-20 and 20-40 cm. The LSM was applied to the soil surface by spraying, before soybean sowing and the mineral fertilizer was applied to the furrow at the time of planting. After soybean harvesting, soil samples were collected at the studied depths for the determination of the contents of P in the soil. The contents of P in percolated water are within the concentration range considered adequate for human consumption. As for the contents of P in the soil, LSM applications on the soil surface increased the available soil P up to the depth of 20 cm. The highest dose of LSM applied to the soil promoted an increment of P contents that are within the safety range of the critical environmental limit of phosphorus (LCA-P), corresponding to 37% of this limit.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 12, No. 5
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: April 2020

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 12, No. 5, 2020.
The Effect of New Silvicultural Trends on Mental Workload of Harvester Operators
Authors: Spinelli Raffaele , Magagnotti Natascia , Labelle Eric R.
Published: April 2020

Close-to-nature (CTN) forestry offers many advantages, but makes management more complex and generally results in lower harvesting productivity and higher harvesting cost. While the higher harvesting cost of CTN is widely acknowledged, few ever consider the potential impact on operator workload, as the harvesting task becomes more complex. This study aimed to determine the mental workload of harvester operators under two silvicultural regimes: »pure conifer« stand and »mixwood« stand. In total, 13 harvester operators with varying experience levels were monitored for work performance and mental workload when operating a harvester simulator in two virtual stands designed according to the above-mentioned silvicultural regimes. Mental workload was assessed using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) interview method and heart rate variability measurements, during two 30-minute test sessions performed in the »pure conifer« and the »mixwood« stand, respectively. As expected, operating in a more diversified »mixwood« stand resulted in a marked productivity loss, estimated between 40 and 57%. The study also confirmed the increased aggravation of mental demand, effort and frustration experienced by the operators when passing from the »pure conifer« stand to the »mixwood« stand. Such increase in mental workload was independent of the age and experience of the operators. Results can be used to paint a more holistic picture of CTN forestry and its implications for harvester operators. Besides increasing the number of subjects being monitored, future studies should focus on live forest operations.
Towards a Post-Postmodern Philosophy of Play
Authors: McKinney Ronald ,   DePaul University
Published: April 2020

This essay strives to show the relationship between current efforts to explain the nature of play and the essence of post-postmodernism. The muddied and arduous world of work becomes the site not only for creative play but for post-postmodern solutions to the complex situations we find ourselves in today.
Conditional Obligations
Authors: Rulli Tina ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: April 2020

Some obligations are conditional such that act A is morally optional, but if one chooses A, one is required to do act B rather than some other less valuable act C. Such conditional obligations arise frequently in research ethics, in the philosophical literature, and in real life. They are controversial: how does a morally optional act give rise to demanding requirements to do the best? Some think that the fact that a putative obligation has a conditional structure, so defined, is a strike against its being a genuine obligation. I argue that conditional obligations are to be expected in a moral theory that has moral options.
Functionalist Justice and Coordination
Authors: Van Schoelandt Chad ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: April 2020

This article lays out the “functionalist” view according to which justice is a social technology for adjudicating competing claims, then defends the claim that any functional principles of justice must effectively coordinate the expectations of diverse members of society. From there, it argues that within the functionalist framework there cannot be any adequate conception of justice for society’s basic institutional structure or constitution under conditions of reasonable pluralism. It concludes by discussing the theoretical place of emergent legal and constitutional principles within a functionalist theory.
SMARCA4/BRG1–Deficient Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinomas: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nambirajan Aruna , Singh Varsha , Bhardwaj Nishu , Mittal Saurabh , Kumar Sunil , Jain Deepali
Published: April 2020

Context.—

Somatic mutations in SMARCA4 (SWI/SNF–related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4) gene and/or BRG1 (Brahma-related gene 1) loss identifies a subset of non–small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) lacking alterations in EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase), and ROS1 (ROS proto-oncogene 1) genes. Preliminary observations suggest responsiveness to immunotherapy and targeted therapies.

Objective.—

To study BRG1 loss in NSCLCs and elucidate the clinicopathologic profile of such SMARCA4-deficient NSCLCs.

Design.—

Non–small cell lung carcinomas diagnosed during 6 years were subject to immunohistochemistry for BRG1 and BRM (Brahma). Tumors with BRG1 loss were stained with antibodies against thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), p40, cytokeratins, hepatocyte paraffin 1 (Hep Par 1), Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4), CD34, SRY-box 2 (SOX2), chromogranin, synaptophysin, p53, integrase interactor 1, ALK, and ROS1. EGFR mutation testing was performed by polymerase chain reaction–based method.

Results.—

Among 100 NSCLCs tested, 4 cases (4%) showed BRG1 loss. The histology ranged from solid adenocarcinomas (n = 1) to large cell/poorly differentiated carcinomas (n = 3) with clear cell cytology in 2 cases. All showed loss/reduction of BRM with variable cytokeratin and SALL4 expression, and were negative for TTF-1, p40, Hep Par 1, ALK, ROS1, and EGFR mutations. CD34 and SOX2 were negative in all 4 cases. Isolated BRM loss was common (21%), distributed across all NSCLC subtypes including squamous cell carcinomas and a hepatoid adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions.—

BRG1 loss occurs in a subset of TTF-1/p40–negative poorly differentiated NSCLCs. Identification and follow-up will clarify the prognosis, diagnostic criteria, and potential for therapeutic personalization.
Spatio-temporal patterns of knowledge transfer in the borderland
Authors: Mikhaylov Andrey S. , Wendt Jan Andrzej , Peker Irina Yu. , Mikhaylova Anna A.
Published: April 2020

A key competitive advantage of a contemporary economy, knowledge, is distributed unevenly, tending to concentrate in cities and urban agglomerations. A border position translates into distinctive features of regional innovative development. In a favourable institutional context, proximity to a border strengthens transboundary cooperation and interaction between neighbouring regions. Although frequent social contacts across borders are well documented in the literature, the effect that the border has on intensive knowledge transfer is yet to be investigated. This article analyses models of knowledge integration taking place between Russia’s northwestern regions and the countries that their border. The study covers six territories of the Northwestern federal district (the Republic of Karelia, St Petersburg, and the Kaliningrad, Leningrad, Murmansk, and Pskov regions); five regions of the Central federal district (Belgorod, Bryansk, Voronezh, Kursk, and Smolensk); and one region of the Southern federal district (Rostov). The methodology of the study consists of using information from the Scopus abstract and citation database to assess the intensity of research cooperation. The findings suggest that the degree of involvement in transboundary research cooperation varies widely across Russia’s border regions.
A Study of Subjectivity among Nursing Students Regarding Suicide Attempters
Authors: Cho Jeong Lim , Lee Eun Nam , Park Eun Young
Published: April 2020

Purpose: To identify the types and characteristics of subjective structures among nursing students toward individuals who attempt suicide. Methods: A group of 32 third- and fourth-year nursing students with experience in clinical practice rated 35 Q-statements on a nine-point scale according to their opinion. Data analysis was conducted using the PC-Quanl program. Results: Subjectivity among nursing students toward individuals who attempt suicide was analyzed for three types. Type 1 (social responsibility emphasis) subjectivity recognizes the social responsibility for suicide attempts and emphasizes the importance of social support systems as a preventive effort. Type 2 (rational reprimand) subjectivity emphasizes the willpower and effort to overcome challenges in life, because happiness and unhappiness are dependent on one's thoughts and will. Type 3 (situation acceptance) subjectivity regards the suicide attempt as an optional means to avoid a deeply strenuous, painful, and difficult situation. Conclusion: This study investigated the subjectivity of nursing students toward individuals who attempt suicide and to provide a better understanding of them. In addition, the development of training programs that take advantage of the subjective characteristics of individuals based on subjectivity types demonstrated in this study is expected to provide nursing students with useful educational materials for their future careers as nurses.
The Relation Among Moral Distress, Physical Symptoms and Burnout of Hospital Nurses
Authors: Chae Youngran , Yu SuJeong , Lee Eun Ja , Park Eun Ha
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between moral distress, physical symptoms, and burnout among clinical nurses. Methods: Data were collected by self-report questionnaires targeting 140 nurses from a university hospital in Chungju. The data were analyzed by, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Moral distress due to the general characteristics of the participants showed a statistically significant difference at the current working department (${chi}^2=36.01$, p<.001). Hospital nurses' moral distress had a statistically significant correlation with burnout (r=.358, p<.001) and physical symptoms (r=.440, p<.001). Factors influencing hospital nurses' burnout, pro were physical symptoms, moral distress, and marital status, accounting for 36% of the variance. Conclusion: The findings indicate that moral distress and physical symptoms influence burnout among hospital nurses. Therefore, interventions for burnout among hospital nurses should include an empowerment program to reduce physical symptoms and moral distress.
Retention Effect of Basic Life Support Education Program on Attitude, Knowledge, Skillfulness for Nursing Students
Authors: Ahn Myeong Sook , Jo Hyun Sook , Uhm Dong Choon , Ji Hyun Hee
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study was done to identify the retention effects of a basic life support training program for nursing students on their attitude, knowledge, and skillfulness. Methods: A one-group repeated posttest design was employed for this study. The subjects included 44 junior nursing students from Gachon University in Incheon. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire test immediately after, 3 months after, 6 months after, and 9 months after the training respectively from May 2014 through March 2015. Results: The respective attitude, knowledge and skillfulness score on BLS of the nursing students had reduced significantly at 3 months after (p<.001), 6 months after (p<.001), and 9 months after (p<.001, p=.011 for Attitudes) the training compared to immediately after the training. Conclusion: Re-training on basic life support for nursing students should be implemented within 3 months for retention of educational effects. Thus, it is recommended that basic life support training programs, including a curriculum for nursing students, is developed to support re-training. And it is expected that the improved skills of nursing students on basic life support would contribute to the successive first aid nursing for patients at risk of cardiac arrest.
Learning Experience of Undergraduate Nursing Students in Simulation: A Meta-synthesis and Meta-ethnography Study
Authors: Lee Jihae , Jeon Jieun , Kim Sooyoung
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review and synthesize the existing literature on the experience of nursing students in simulation. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken using meta-ethnography. Eight databases were searched up to January 2014 for peer-reviewed studies, written in Korean and English, that reported primary data, used identifiable and interpretative qualitative methods, and offered a valuable contribution to the synthesis. Results: Nine studies were identified, with quality appraisal undertaken. Three key concepts were generated: ambivalence of simulation practice, learning by reflection, and building up of the competency as a future nurse. Six sub-concepts emerged: double sidedness of simulation setting; feeling ambivalence of simulation; learning from others; learning from self-reflection; improvement of confidence by role experience; and internalization of nursing knowledge. A line of argument has been developed based on the themes generated. Conclusion: The findings from this qualitative synthesis and other related literature indicated the importance of capability of educator and extension of the simulation system to facilitate effective simulation-based education.
The Effect of Behavioral Relaxation Training on Distress and Cancer Screening Intention of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Nam Hyo Yeon , Shim Hyung Wha
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study evaluates the effect of behavioral relaxation training on distress and cancer screening intention of patients with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods: The research was conducted in a non-equivalent control group posttest design. Data were collected from endoscopy subjects in B city from October to November of 2018. Fifteen minutes of behavioral relaxation training were provided to the experimental group (n=40) and traditional relaxation therapy methods were provided to the control group (n=40). Outcome measures were distress and cancer screening intention of patients with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Data were analyzed with a ${chi}^2$-test, independent t-test, Fisher's exact test with SPSS/PC version 23.0. Results: The objective discomfort (t=8.81, p<.001) of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group; there were no significant differences in the subjective discomfort (t=1.73, p=.088). The cancer screening intention (t=-5.85, p<.001) of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: Behavioral relaxation training was effective in heightening cancer screening intention. Therefore it can be usefully applied to increase cancer screening intention.
The Educational Effects of the Experience of Nursing Students' Patients Role in the Simulation Practice Education for the Women's Health Nursing
Authors: Lee Bo Gyeong , Kim Sun Hee
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the educational effect among nursing students who performed the patient role in women's health nursing simulations. Methods: In this exploratory qualitative study, a sample of 31 third- and fourth-grade nursing students who participated in scenario-based patient roles in clinical performance examination of the women's health nursing simulation practice training. Data were collected through focus group interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Three themes emerged from the data analysis. Participants experienced an enhancement of patient-centered nursing competence, deep learning immersion and display of self-regulated learning. The difficulty of performing the patient role contributed additional effects such as the difficulty to perform the patient role in the psychological training environment. Conclusion: It is recommended to utilize nursing students as patients in simulation practice training. On the other hand, the psychological training environment can cause difficulties in performing patient roles, a burden on the role of the patient, and involves the interruption of the role.
Lived Experience of Clinical Nursing Instructors' Role in Clinical Practicum
Authors: Lim Sarah , Hong Soomin , Kim Sanghee , Kim Sookyung , Kim Yielin
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the role of clinical nursing instructors' lived experience in clinical practicum. Methods: Data were collected from 11 clinical nursing instructors by in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using content analysis of Downe-Wamboldt (1992). Results: Four themes and twelve subthemes were extracted. 1) Recognizing and conducting the roles of clinical nursing instructor: 'Helping and providing support for successful clinical practicum', 'Coordinating clinical activities in daily practice', 'Providing mentoring as an elder in life'; 2) Participating in improving integrative nursing competency: 'Helping to improve cognitive competency', 'Helping to improve functional competency', 'Contributing to form desirable professionalism', 'Helping to deliberate the nature of nursing'; 3) Experiencing difficulties in performing the role of clinical nursing instructor: 'Facing with difficulty from institutional limits', 'Recognizing difficulty from lack of personal knowledge and experience'; 4) Experiencing value of clinical nursing instructor and accomplishing personal growth: 'Making efforts to widen personal knowledge and experience', 'Developing one's own educational competency', 'Making a chance to reflect oneself'. Conclusion: Despite the distinctive features of clinical nursing instructors, little is known of the characteristics. The results of this study could be used as a reference to improve the quality of clinical nursing education.
Development and Evaluation of an Education Program Based on Whole Brain Model for Novice Nurses
Authors: Cho Moo
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and implement an education program based on the Whole Brain Model for novice nurses, and to evaluate its effects on work performance, interpersonal skills and self-efficacy. Methods: A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used with an experimental group (n=20) and a control group (n=21). The experimental group participated in an education program based on the Whole Brain Model for seven sessions over 4 weeks. An independent t-test, χ2-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were performed to analyze the data. Results: There were statistically significant differences in work performance (p=.015), interpersonal skills (p=.014) and self-efficacy (p=.021) between the experimental and the control group. Conclusion: This program was an effective learning strategy to enhance nursing competence for novice nurses. The novice nurses who participated this program were able to reflect deeply on themselves, improve interpersonal skills, and induce whole-brain integrated thinking in learning how to solve the problems caused by changes in patient conditions that can be experienced in clinical practice. Therefore, this program can be recommended for regular continuing education for novice nurses.
On the problem of legality-legitimacy in theory of law and philosophy of law
Authors: Savenkov Artem Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2020

The subject of this research is the problem of understanding and interpretation of the meaning and designation of one of the key concept of modern legal lexicon – “legitimacy”. Legitimacy became an attribute of the current scientific paradigm of legal thinking, because broadening the area of application, it is used as a certain standard of highest legality, often perplexing comprehension of the problems of legal theory, as on etymological level its leans only on one of the Latin versions of the word “legal”. In the same platitude, legitimate legality and legal legitimacy are a common tautology, which in the context of theory of law and philosophy of law, insistently dictates the necessity to clarify this term and definition. Research methodology suggests the analysis of the problem of legality-legitimacy from the perspective of differentiating legal and other disciplinary approaches: political scientific, sociological, etc. The novelty of this study consists in the problematic-critical analysis of the concept of “legitimacy” on the context of theory of law and philosophy of law. The conducted research demonstrates that the problem of legitimacy represents is a terminological substitution within the framework of legal-positivistic doctrine for the so-called not “purely” legal aspects: sociological, psychological, political scientific, and other. 
The improvement of legal regulation of franchising in the conditions of digital economy
Authors: Mazepov Petr Evgenievich
Published: April 2020

The subject of this research is the legal regulation of franchising at the current stage of economic development. The object of this research is social relations emerging as a result of conducting business activity in the form of franchising. The present state of legal regulation of franchising in the Russian Federation is being analyzed. Special attention is paid to the aspects of regulation of this institution in the conditions of digitalization. The author examines the prospects of using smart contracts in the sphere of franchising, peculiarities of digital elements within a franchise, concept of digital franchising, and prospects of its regulation. The scientific novelty consists in examination of franchising in the conditions of digital economy from the perspective of analysis and determination of the prospect of legal regulation of this institutions. It is concluded that the improvement of regulation of franchising in the context of digital economy in the Russian Federation is possible through the following avenues: 1) simplified procedure of state registration for granting exclusive rights based on the agreement of commercial concession; establishment of alternative methods of identification of the entity who expresses statement of intention; 2) introduction of amendments to the Part 3 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation for assigning legal status to such objects as cloud technologies and big data; 3) improvement of norms of the Article 1033 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation to specify the admissibility of restrictive terms with regards to user activity in the Internet; 4) formulation of regulatory norms for rendering digital services,.
Mechanobiology Assays with Applications in Cardiomyocyte Biology and Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Blair Cheavar A. , Pruitt Beth L.
Published: April 2020

Cardiomyocytes are the motor units that drive the contraction and relaxation of the heart. Traditionally, testing of drugs for cardiotoxic effects has relied on primary cardiomyocytes from animal models and focused on short‐term, electrophysiological, and arrhythmogenic effects. However, primary cardiomyocytes present challenges arising from their limited viability in culture, and tissue from animal models suffers from a mismatch in their physiology to that of human heart muscle. Human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) can address these challenges. They also offer the potential to study not only electrophysiological effects but also changes in cardiomyocyte contractile and mechanical function in response to cardiotoxic drugs. With growing recognition of the long‐term cardiotoxic effects of some drugs on subcellular structure and function, there is increasing interest in using hiPSC‐CMs for in vitro cardiotoxicity studies. This review provides a brief overview of techniques that can be used to quantify changes in the active force that cardiomyocytes generate and variations in their inherent stiffness in response to cardiotoxic drugs. It concludes by discussing the application of these tools in understanding how cardiotoxic drugs directly impact the mechanobiology of cardiomyocytes and how cardiomyocytes sense and respond to mechanical load at the cellular level.