bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microengineered poly(HEMA) hydrogels for wearable contact lens biosensing
Authors: Chen Yihang , Zhang Shiming , Cui Qingyu , Ni Jiahua , Wang Xiaochen , Cheng Xuanbing , Alem Halima , Tebon Peyton , Xu Chun , Guo Changliang , Nasiri Rohollah , Moreddu Rosalia , Yetisen Ali K. , Ahadian Samad , Ashammakhi Nureddin , Emaminejad Sam , Jucaud Vadim , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: October 2020

Microchannels created in poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (poly(HEMA)) hydrogels have the potential to prevent dry-eye disease by facilitating tear exchange. Biosensors are further demonstrated for wearable biosensing applications.
Accurate and rapid 3D printing of microfluidic devices using wavelength selection on a DLP printer
Authors: van der Linden Peter J. E. M. , Popov Anton M. , Pontoni Diego
Published: October 2020

Addition of a filter for wavelength selection enables accurate and rapid 3D printing of microfluidic devices on a DLP printer.
Development of Fe3O4 integrated polymer/phosphate glass composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Govindan Raji , Karthi Sekar , Kumar Govindan Suresh , Girija Easwaradas Kreedapathy
Published: October 2020

A multifunctional Fe3O4 integrated polymer/phosphate glass composite scaffold is developed using a freeze drying technique for tissue engineering.
Morphology engineering of silicon nanoparticles for better performance in Li-ion battery anodes
Authors: Lai Samson Y. , Mæhlen Jan Petter , Preston Thomas J. , Skare Marte O. , Nagell Marius U. , Ulvestad Asbjørn , Lemordant Daniel , Koposov Alexey Y.
Published: October 2020

To demonstrate the influence of the origin of Si materials on their performance in Li-ion batteries, Si nanoparticles were synthesized via silane pyrolysis. We highlight the importance of morphology engineering for creating long-lasting materials for Li-ion batteries.
Can stem bromelain, a pineapple waste product, be used as a drug alternative? A mechanistic insight into protein–protein interactions
Authors: Khatun Samima , Sindhu Anamika , Venkatesu Pannuru
Published: October 2020

Binding of stem bromelain to bovine serum albumin induced conformational changes, as shown by various biophysical techniques.
Computationally exploring novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors using docking-based 3D-QSAR, molecular dynamics, and virtual screening
Authors: Chen Yanming , Gao Ya , Wu Fengshou , Luo Xiaogang , Ju Xiulian , Liu Genyan
Published: October 2020

Computationally exploring novel potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors using a systematic modeling study.
Solvent-induced single-molecule magnet behavior and near-infrared luminescence properties of rare earth complexes
Authors: Zhang Xue-Mei , Duan Yao-Yao , Gao Hong-Ling , Cui Jian-Zhong
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate a route for designing and improving outstanding SMMs by means of a solvent-controlled crystallization.
Functionalized fluorescent terephthalate monomers and their attempted polyester formation
Authors: Choo Yvonne S. L. , Giamberini Marta , Antonio José , Waddell Paul G. , Benniston Andrew C.
Published: October 2020

A crown-ether derivative of the highly substituted terephthalate core had a jellyfish-like structure. Other derivatives were polymerized into oligomers that emit blue fluorescence in solution and the solid state.
A novel pathway for the thermolysis of N-nitrosoanthranilates using flash vacuum pyrolysis leading to 7-aminophthalides
Authors: Zlatković Dragan , Dallinger Doris , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: October 2020

Flash vacuum pyrolysis of N-methyl-N-nitrosoanthranilate esters offers a solvent-free route to 7-(methylamino)phthalides via a disproportionation pathway.
Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular aerobic alkenylhydroxylation of allenamides with alkenyl iodides
Authors: Li Jun , Meng Long , Du Xin , Liu Qing , Xu Liping , Zhang Lizhi , Sun Fenggang , Li Xinjin , Zhang Daopeng , Xiao Xiao , Liu Hui
Published: October 2020

An efficient palladium-catalyzed aerobic alkenylhydroxylation cyclization of allenamide derivatives was developed. Mechanistic studies indicated that the reaction might undergo a radical process.
P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers: structure of the ferroelectric and paraelectric phases through IR and Raman spectroscopies
Authors: Arrigoni Alessia , Brambilla Luigi , Bertarelli Chiara , Serra Gianluca , Tommasini Matteo , Castiglioni Chiara
Published: October 2020

This study elucidates the complex morphology and the related spectroscopic response of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) copolymer, with 80% molar VDF content, namely P(VDF-TrFE) (80/20).
Recent developments in conducting polymers: applications for electrochemistry
Authors: Tajik Somayeh , Beitollahi Hadi , Nejad Fariba Garkani , Shoaie Iran Sheikh , Khalilzadeh Mohammad A. , Asl Mehdi Shahedi , Van Le Quyet , Zhang Kaiqiang , Jang Ho Won , Shokouhimehr Mohammadreza
Published: October 2020

Scientists have categorized conductive polymers as materials having strongly reversible redox behavior and uncommon combined features of plastics and metal.
One-step generation of S and N co-doped reduced graphene oxide for high-efficiency adsorption towards methylene blue
Authors: Li Meixiu , Li Yanhui , Zhang Xiaoping , Zheng Heng , Zhang Aitang , Chen Tao , Liu Wenhao , Yu Yuanhai , Liu Jingquan , Du Qiuju , Wang Dechang , Xia Yanzhi
Published: October 2020

A novel method was developed to directly generate S and N co-doped reduced graphene oxide for the adsorption of MB.
Ilimaquinone (marine sponge metabolite) as a novel inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 key target proteins in comparison with suggested COVID-19 drugs: designing, docking and molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Surti Malvi , Patel Mitesh , Adnan Mohd , Moin Afrasim , Ashraf Syed Amir , Siddiqui Arif Jamal , Snoussi Mejdi , Deshpande Sumukh , Reddy Mandadi Narsimha
Published: October 2020

Inhibitory potential of ilimaquinone (marine sponge metabolite) against nine essential SARS-CoV-2 target proteins, employing a molecular interaction and dynamics simulation approach.
One-pot synthesis of poly(ionic liquid)s with 1,2,3-triazolium-based backbonesviaclickable ionic liquid monomers
Authors: Hirai Ruka , Hibino Tatsuki , Watanabe Takaichi , Teranishi Takashi , Ono Tsutomu
Published: October 2020

Clickable ionic liquid monomers realize the one-pot synthesis of ionically conducting poly(ionic liquid)s with 1,2,3-triazolium-based backbonesviaclick chemistry.
Accelerating 2D MXene catalyst discovery for the hydrogen evolution reaction by computer-driven workflow and an ensemble learning strategy
Authors: Wang Xiaoxu , Wang Changxin , Ci Shinan , Ma Yuan , Liu Tong , Gao Lei , Qian Ping , Ji Chunlin , Su Yanjing
Published: October 2020

Combining high-throughput calculation workflow with a machine learning strategy to accelerate 2D MXene HER catalyst discovery.
Ap-phenylenediamine oligomer-mediated Li–O2battery with an extremely low charge potential of 3.1 V
Authors: Wang Junkai , Li Deqing , Chen Zhongjun , Wu Zhonghua , Chen Bozhen , Liu Xiangfeng
Published: October 2020

We report the use of ap-phenylenediamine oligomer (pPO) as an effective dual-functional redox mediator to significantly reduce the charge potential to 3.1 V and the mediation mechanism is disclosed.
New insights into the blue intrinsic fluorescence of oxidized PAMAM dendrimers considering their use as bionanomaterials
Authors: Camacho Cláudia S. , Urgellés Marta , Tomás Helena , Lahoz Fernando , Rodrigues João
Published: October 2020

The fluorescence intensity of oxidized PAMAM dendrimers is not only dependent on the number of HASLs in the dendrimer scaffold (i.e., on dendrimer generation), but also on the rigidification suffered by the dendrimer due to the acidic environment.
Seismological constraints on the solar coronal heating function
Authors: Kolotkov D. Y. , Duckenfield T. J. , Nakariakov V. M.
Published: October 2020

Aims. The hot solar corona exists because of the balance between radiative and conductive cooling and some counteracting heating mechanism that remains one of the major puzzles in solar physics.

Methods. The coronal thermal equilibrium is perturbed by magnetoacoustic waves, which are abundantly present in the corona, causing a misbalance between the heating and cooling rates. As a consequence of this misbalance, the wave experiences a back-reaction, either losing or gaining energy from the energy supply that heats the plasma, at timescales comparable to the wave period.

Results. In particular, the plasma can be subject to wave-induced instability or over-stability, depending on the specific choice of the coronal heating function. In the unstable case, the coronal thermal equilibrium would be violently destroyed, which does not allow for the existence of long-lived plasma structures typical for the corona. Based on this, we constrained the coronal heating function using observations of slow magnetoacoustic waves in various coronal plasma structures.
The Tor Vergata Synoptic Solar Telescope (TSST): A robotic, compact facility for solar full disk imaging
Authors: Giovannelli Luca , Berrilli Francesco , Calchetti Daniele , Del Moro Dario , Viavattene Giorgio , Pietropaolo Ermanno , Iarlori Marco , Rizi Vincenzo , Jefferies Stuart Mark , Oliviero Maurizio , Terranegra Luciano , Murphy Neil
Published: October 2020

By the continuous multi-line observation of the solar atmosphere, it is possible to infer the magnetic and dynamical status of the Sun. This activity is essential to identify the possible precursors of space weather events, such as flare or coronal mass ejections. We describe the design and assembly of TSST (Tor Vergata Synoptic Solar Telescope), a robotic synoptic telescope currently composed of two main full-disk instruments, a Hα telescope and a Potassium (KI D1) magneto-optical filter (MOF)-based telescope operating at 769.9 nm. TSST is designed to be later upgraded with a second MOF channel. This paper describes the TSST concepts and presents the first light observation carried out in February 2020. We show that TSST is a low-cost robotic facility able to achieve the necessary data for the study of precursors of space weather events (using the magnetic and velocity maps by the MOF telescope) and fast flare detection (by the Hα telescope) to support Space Weather investigation and services.
Neuropathologische Veränderungen bei COVID-19
Authors: Matschke Jakob , Hagel Christian , Glatzel Markus
Published: October 2020

Eine Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 kann die Krankheit COVID-19 verursachen. Neben Komplikationen in Lunge, Herz und Nieren kann es bei COVID-19 auch zu neurologischen Symptomen kommen. Diese weisen ein breites Spektrum auf und reichen von diffusen Beschwerden milder Ausprägung bis hin zu schweren Schlaganfällen. Eine Reihe grundsätzlicher Fragen bezüglich der neurologischen Komplikationen bei COVID-19 bedarf noch der Klärung: Gelangt SARS-CoV-2 in das Gehirn, und wenn ja, wie? Vermehrt sich das Virus im Gehirn und schädigt es das Gehirn direkt oder sind die neurologischen Symptome eine indirekte Folge der Virusinfektion? Neuropathologische Untersuchungen an Patienten, die an COVID-19 verstorben sind, bieten die Möglichkeit diese Fragen zu untersuchen. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird der derzeitige Stand des Wissens bezüglich dieser Thematik dargestellt.
Pseudohypoxic Brain Swelling after Drilling and Drainage for Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Fan Qi
Published: October 2020

Pseudohypoxic brain swelling (PHBS) is a rare and potentially fatal complication that may occur in patients following uneventful brain surgery. We present a case of PHBS that developed after drilling and drainage of a chronic subdural hematoma. Neuroimaging findings, pathogenic factors, and therapy are also discussed.
Computer simulations of a heterogeneous membrane with enhanced sampling techniques
Authors: Cherniavskyi Yevhen K. , Fathizadeh Arman , Elber Ron , Tieleman D. Peter
Published: October 2020

Computational determination of the equilibrium state of heterogeneous phospholipid membranes is a significant challenge. We wish to explore the rich phase diagram of these multi-component systems. However, the diffusion and mixing times in membranes are long compared to typical time scales of computer simulations. Here, we evaluate the combination of the enhanced sampling techniques molecular dynamics with alchemical steps and Monte Carlo with molecular dynamics with a coarse-grained model of membranes (Martini) to reduce the number of steps and force evaluations that are needed to reach equilibrium. We illustrate a significant gain compared to straightforward molecular dynamics of the Martini model by factors between 3 and 10. The combination is a useful tool to enhance the study of phase separation and the formation of domains in biological membranes.
Current-controlled magnon propagation in Pt/Y3Fe5O12 heterostructure
Authors: Sarker Md Shamim , Yamahara Hiroyasu , Tabata Hitoshi
Published: October 2020

We present a dynamic spin wave (SW) modulation technique using direct current (DC) to manipulate the magnetic properties of an ultralow-damping Y3Fe5O12 thin film. The microwave excitation and detection technique with two coplanar waveguide antenna arrangements on the Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) surface is used to characterize the SW. An additional platinum (Pt) stripe connected to a current source is integrated between the coplanar waveguide pair to demonstrate the SW resonant frequency and amplitude modulation by current induction. We selected a Pt stripe due to its significantly lower spin wave absorption property. The application of current through the Pt stripe generates local joule heating that modifies the magnetic properties of the YIG film. Temperature variation through local heating modifies the saturation magnetization of the YIG film, which, in turn, modulates the SW frequency. Moreover, the amplitude of the SW spectra is found to be tuned by the current amplitude. This phenomenon is mainly described by magnon–magnon scattering induced by the spin Seebeck effect in the case of local heating. Furthermore, the group velocity of the proposed device is also found to be responsive to the current, which has been explained by both magnon–magnon and magnon-phonon scattering.
Quantum neuromorphic computing
Authors: Marković Danijela , Grollier Julie
Published: October 2020

Quantum neuromorphic computing physically implements neural networks in brain-inspired quantum hardware to speed up their computation. In this perspective article, we show that this emerging paradigm could make the best use of the existing and near future intermediate size quantum computers. Some approaches are based on parametrized quantum circuits and use neural network-inspired algorithms to train them. Other approaches, closer to classical neuromorphic computing, take advantage of the physical properties of quantum oscillator assemblies to mimic neurons and synapses to compute. We discuss the different implementations of quantum neuromorphic networks with digital and analog circuits, highlight their respective advantages, and review exciting recent experimental results.
Multi-mode hydrodynamic evolution of perturbations seeded by isolated surface defects
Authors: Velikovich A. L. , Schmitt A. J. , Zulick C. , Aglitskiy Y. , Karasik M. , Obenschain S. P. , Wouchuk J. G. , Cobos Campos F.
Published: October 2020

Inherently multi-mode evolution of isolated defects, such as straight grooves and axisymmetric dots on planar laser targets, is studied theoretically. The development of perturbations is considered for a propagating rippled shock front, a material interface subject to the classical Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI), a rippled rarefaction wave produced by the feedout process, an ablation front subject to the ablative RMI, and a thin fluid layer subject to the classical Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI). For the small-amplitude regime, we have established specific characteristics of the perturbation evolution initiated with such defects, scaling, and conservation laws governing it. The main features of the nonlinear growth of the classical and ablative RTI starting from isolated defects are the lateral expansion of the bubbles and the oblique with respect to the direction of the acceleration, ejection of spikes. It results in filling up the void left from the bubble growth by the laterally converging spike material. This effect, first discovered in simulations by Dahlburg et al. [Phys. Fluids B 5, 571 (1993)], and very recently observed by Zulick et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 055001 (2020)], is captured by the appropriate modification of the Ott–Basko thin-layer classical RTI theory for arbitrary defect profiles. Predictions for novel hydrodynamic experiments on multi-mode hydrodynamic perturbation evolution are presented.
Flow structures around trapezoidal cylinders and their hydrodynamic characteristics: Effects of the base length ratio and attack angle
Authors: Zhu Hongjun , Tang Tao , Zhou Tongming , Liu Hongye , Zhong Jiawen
Published: October 2020

This paper reports the results of a numerical investigation into the flow around trapezoidal cylinders with various base length ratios and the associated wake structures. Seven base length ratios (d/D, where d and D represent the shorter and longer bases, respectively) ranging from 0 to 1 and three typical attack angles (θ) of 0° (shorter base facing flow), 90°, and 180° are examined at a low Reynolds number of 150. The results indicate that the hydrodynamic forces increase significantly as θ increases from 0° to 180°. Compared with a square cylinder, trapezoidal cylinders with d/D = 0.1 and d/D = 0.3 produce the maximum growth in the time-averaged drag coefficient (up to 54.5%) and the root-mean-square lift coefficient (up to 451.3%), respectively. As d/D increases, the roll-up of the shear layers occurs further downstream, resulting in an increased vortex formation length and subsequent deceleration of vortex shedding. Besides the trailing-edge separation observed in all cylinders at θ = 0°, leading-edge separation in the square cylinder leads to a pair of trapped vortices symmetrically distributed on its lateral sides. At θ = 90° and θ = 180°, the occurrence of trapped and secondary vortices may contribute to the appearance of second and third harmonic frequencies, although the location at which these vortices are formed varies with the trailing edge and attack angle.
Nonlinear forced vibration of bilayer van der Waals materials drum resonator
Authors: Liu Rumeng , Wang Lifeng
Published: October 2020

The interlayer shear effect could play a crucial role in the dynamic behaviors of the nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) resonators based on multilayer van der Waals (vdW) materials. However, the interlayer shear effect is rarely considered in the nonlinear forced vibrations of this kind of resonators. In this study, the nonlinear static and dynamics behaviors of drum resonators based on double layer MoS2 (DLMoS2) are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and a nonlinear circular sandwich plate model (NCSPM), respectively. The interlayer shear effect and the geometrical nonlinearity are systematically considered in the NCSPM. Our results show that comparing with drum resonators based on single layer MoS2 (SLMoS2), the DLMoS2 drum resonators exhibit higher fundamental frequency. The load–deflection curve of DLMoS2 shows clear hardening-type nonlinearity, and the deflections of DLMoS2 are smaller than that of SLMoS2 under the same uniform load per layer. In particular, both frequency sweep excitation simulations and the NCSPM show that the hardening-type nonlinearity of the DLMoS2 drum resonators is largely reduced due to the interlayer shear effect. Furthermore, DLMoS2 with different twist angle exhibits different interlayer shear strengths; thus, the nonlinear characteristic could be controlled by changing the twist angles in the DLMoS2 drum resonators. The present study should be of great help for designing NEMS resonators based on such vdW materials.
Stochastic simulation of nonequilibrium heat conduction in extended molecular junctions
Authors: Sharony Inon , Chen Renai , Nitzan Abraham
Published: October 2020

Understanding phononic heat transport processes in molecular junctions is a central issue in the developing field of nanoscale heat conduction. Here, we present a Langevin dynamics simulation framework to investigate heat transport processes in molecular junctions at and beyond the linear response regime and apply it to saturated and unsaturated linear hydrocarbon chains connecting two gold substrates. Thermal boundary conditions represented by Markovian noise and damping are filtered through several (up to four) gold layers to provide a realistic and controllable bath spectral density. Classical simulations using the full universal force field are compared with quantum calculations that use only the harmonic part of this field. The close agreement found at about room temperature between these very different calculations suggests that heat transport at such temperatures is dominated by lower frequency vibrations whose dynamics is described well by classical mechanics. The results obtained for alkanedithiol molecules connecting gold substrates agree with previous quantum calculations based on the Landauer formula and match recent experimental measurements [e.g., thermal conductance around 20 pW/K for alkanedithiols in single-molecule junctions (SMJs)]. Heat conductance simulations on polyynes of different lengths illuminate the effects of molecular conjugation on thermal transport. The difference between alkanes and polyynes is not large but correlates with the larger rigidity and stronger mode localization that characterize the polyyne structure. This computational approach has been recently used [R. Chen, I. Sharony, and A. Nitzan, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11, 4261–4268 (2020)] to unveil local atomic heat currents and phononic interference effect in aromatic-ring based SMJs.
Numerical simulation of violent breaking wave impacts on a moored offshore wind turbine foundation over nonuniform topography
Authors: Cheng Yong , Ji Chunyan
Published: October 2020

Breaking wave impact on a moored offshore wind turbine foundation over a variable-depth seabed is considered in time domain, based on the fully nonlinear potential theory. An adiabatic model is used to simulate the variation in air cavity volume and pressure imposed on the dynamic boundary condition of the inner free surface. The whole impact process is solved using the dual coordinate system, where a local stretched coordinate system is adopted to determine both the shape and location of the initial impact zone, while the global coordinate system is applied to track further development of both the upper and lower jets. A higher-order boundary element method is introduced to establish water integral equations of the main fluid domain and the thin jet, which are combined together with the match conditions of pressure and velocity on the interface. By employing auxiliary functions, the temporal derivative of velocity potential is accurately obtained to decouple the mutual dependence of body and fluid motions. A specified global coordinate-based finite element method is used to derive the dynamic equilibrium equation of the mooring line element. Through the hinged condition at the fairlead location, the motion equations of the wind turbine and its mooring system are simultaneously solved using the Newton–Raphson iterative method. Extensive simulations are performed and discussed for the free surface profile, pressure distribution, body motion, and air cavity features. The wind turbine moored at the seabed with larger slope was found to experience relatively higher air cavity pressure and achieve larger rotational speed, smaller horizontal, and vertical speed.
Comment on “Advanced field emission measurement techniques for research on modern cold cathode materials and their applications for transmission-type x-ray sources” [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91, 083906 (2020)]
Authors: Forbes Richard G.
Published: October 2020

This Comment suggests that technological field electron emission (FE) papers, such as the paper under discussion [P. Serbun et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91, 083906 (2020)], should use FE theory based on the 1956 work of Murphy and Good (MG), rather than a simplified version of FE theory based on the original 1928 work of Fowler and Nordheim (FN). The use of the 1928 theory is common practice in the technological FE literature, but the MG treatment is known to be better physics than the FN treatment, which contains identifiable errors. The MG treatment predicts significantly higher emission current densities and currents for emitters than does the FN treatment. From the viewpoint of the research and development of electron sources, it is counterproductive (and unhelpful for non-experts) for the technological FE literature to use theory that undervalues the performance of field electron emitters.
Formation of dual vortex breakdown in a two-fluid confined flow
Authors: Carrión Luis , Naumov Igor V. , Sharifullin Bulat R. , Herrada Miguel A. , Shtern Vladimir N.
Published: October 2020

This experimental and numerical study discusses the formation of double vortex breakdown in a swirling flow of two immiscible fluids where new circulation cells evolve in both fluids. The rotating lid drives the steady axisymmetric motion in a sealed vertical cylindrical container whose other walls are stationary. As the rotation intensifies, multiple topological changes occur in the flow. This study explains how two new circulation cells (vortex breakdown bubbles) almost simultaneously develop near the centers of both upper and lower fluids while the flow remains steady and axisymmetric. Such multi-cell flows can help provide fine, gentle, and nonintrusive mixing in chemical and biological reactors.
Advances in the synthesis of heterocycles bearing an endocyclic urea moiety
Authors: Smolobochkin Andrey V. , Gazizov Almir S. , Burilov Alexander R. , Pudovik Mikhael A. , Sinyashin Oleg G.
Published: October 2020

The review systematizes and summarizes data on the synthesis of structurally diverse cyclic ureas published over the last 10 years. Saturated and unsaturated monocyclic ureas, as well as fused heterocycles containing one urea moiety, are considered. Data on the biological activity of selected compounds of this type are provided. The synthetic approaches to cyclic carbamides are classified in terms of the reaction type and the source of a carbonyl group.

The bibliography includes 235 references.
A comparison of abundance and distribution model outputs using camera traps and sign surveys for feral pigs
Authors: Risch Derek R. , Ringma Jeremy , Honarvar Shaya , Price Melissa R.
Published: October 2020

Species distribution models play a central role in informing wildlife management. For models to be useful, they must be based on data that best represent the presence or abundance of the species. Data used as inputs in the development of these models can be obtained through numerous methods, each subject to different biases and limitations but, to date, few studies have examined whether these biases result in different predictive spatial models, potentially influencing conservation decisions. In this study, we compare distribution model predictions of feral pig (Sus scrofa) relative abundance using the two most common monitoring methods: detections from camera traps and visual surveys of pig sign. These data were collected during the same period using standardised methods at survey sites generated using a random stratified sampling design. We found that although site-level observed sign data were only loosely correlated with observed camera detections (R2=0.32–0.45), predicted sign and camera counts from zero-inflated models were well correlated (R2=0.78–0.88). In this study we show one example in which fitting two different forms of abundance data using environmental covariates explains most of the variance between datasets. We conclude that, as long as outputs are produced through appropriate modelling techniques, these two common methods of obtaining abundance data may be used interchangeably to produce comparable distribution maps for decision-making purposes. However, for monitoring purposes, sign and camera trap data may not be used interchangeably at the site level.
Regulating quantal size of neurotransmitter release through a GPCR voltage sensor
Authors: Zhang Quanfeng , Liu Bing , Li Yinglin , Yin Lili , Younus Muhammad , Jiang Xiaohan , Lin Zhaohan , Sun Xiaoxuan , Huang Rong , Liu Bin , Wu Qihui , Zhu Feipeng , Zhou Zhuan
Published: October 2020

Significance

The amount of neurotransmitter release triggered by Ca
2+
from a presynaptic single vesicle (quantal size, QS) is fundamental and determines the strength of synaptic transmission. The present study provides compelling evidence that the QS of catecholamine is increased by membrane depolarization per se (bypassing Ca
2+
) via the voltage-sensitive ATP-GPCR/P2Y
12
in sympathetic chromaffin cells. D76-P2Y
12
and D127-P2Y
12
are revealed as the voltage-sensing sites by introducing two GPCR reporting systems. We also establish the physiology relevance of voltage dependence of catecholamine QS, offering a signaling pathway—Vm → P2Y
12
(D76/D127) → Giβγ → QS → myocyte contractility—for diverse functions in the nervous system and other systems containing GPCRs.
In situ bone regeneration of large cranial defects using synthetic ceramic implants with a tailored composition and design
Authors: Omar Omar , Engstrand Thomas , Kihlström Burenstam Linder Lars , Åberg Jonas , Shah Furqan A. , Palmquist Anders , Birgersson Ulrik , Elgali Ibrahim , Pujari-Palmer Michael , Engqvist Håkan , Thomsen Peter
Published: October 2020

Significance

Large cranial reconstructions are increasingly performed worldwide and still represent a substantial clinical challenge. The gold standard, autologous bone, has limited availability and high donor-site morbidity. Current alloplastic materials are associated with high complication and failure rates. This study shows the capacity of a customized, purely synthetic, 3D-manufactured bioceramic implant to regenerate and restore large cranial defects with mature, well-vascularized bone, with a morphology, ultrastructure, and composition similar to those of native skull bone. This approach triggers the regenerative potential of host tissue by tailoring the implant composition and design. The regeneration of large defects using purely synthetic material without adjunct cell therapy or growth factors represents a major advancement for rehabilitating patients in need of large cranial reconstructions.
Seasonality and uncertainty in global COVID-19 growth rates
Authors: Merow Cory , Urban Mark C.
Published: October 2020

Significance

The virus causing COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide. It remains unknown whether summer weather will reduce its spread and justify relaxing political interventions and restarting economic activities. We develop statistical models that predict the maximum potential of COVID-19 worldwide and throughout the year. We find that UV light, in particular, is associated with decreased disease growth rate relative to other analyzed factors. Based on these associations with weather, we predict that COVID-19 will decrease temporarily during summer, rebound by autumn, and peak next winter. However, uncertainty remains high, and many factors besides climate, such as social interventions, will influence transmission. Thus, the world must remain vigilant, and continued interventions will likely be needed until a vaccine becomes available.
Filtering input fluctuations in intensity and in time underlies stochastic transcriptional pulses without feedback
Authors: Sassi Alberto Stefano , Garcia-Alcala Mayra , Kim Mark J. , Cluzel Philippe , Tu Yuhai
Published: October 2020

Significance

Stochastic pulsatile dynamics are ubiquitous in organisms ranging fromEscherichia colito mammalian cells. The molecular mechanism for these stochastic pulses has long been thought to depend on feedback control that leads to bistability in the underlying system. Here, by quantitative modeling constrained by recent single-cell data inE. coliflagellar synthesis, we find that an inhibitor of the transcription factor creates a monotonic ultrasensitive switch that serves as a digital filter to eliminate small-amplitude input fluctuations. Additionally, the high-frequency input fluctuations are filtered by integration over time. Together, our results reveal that the filter-and-integrate design can generate stochastic pulses without feedback. This filter-and-integrate strategy allows cells to turn on gene expression only for persistently strong input signals.
A deltamethrin crystal polymorph for more effective malaria control
Authors: Yang Jingxiang , Erriah Bryan , Hu Chunhua T. , Reiter Ethan , Zhu Xiaolong , López-Mejías Vilmalí , Carmona-Sepúlveda Isis Paola , Ward Michael D. , Kahr Bart
Published: October 2020

Significance

The use of deltamethrin, a crystalline contact insecticide and a leading tool in combatting malaria vectors, faces an uncertain future, threatened by developing resistance of mosquitoes. A more active crystalline polymorph of deltamethrin, discovered here, speeds the knockdown of susceptible mosquitoes by a factor of up to 12 compared with the currently used crystalline form. The faster-acting deltamethrin polymorph is predicted to suppress malaria transmission and associated human mortality while reducing environmental exposure because less agent is required to achieve the same effect. The outstanding performance of form II promises increased serviceable use of deltamethrin crystals for indoor residual spraying. Metastable forms of contact insecticides should be considered generally for public health applications.
Parent–child dyads and nuclear family association in pedometer‐assessed physical activity: A cross‐sectional study of 4‐to‐16‐year‐old Czech children
Authors: Sigmundová Dagmar , Badura Petr , Sigmund Erik
Published: October 2020

The main aim of this study is to examine familial aggregation in pedometer‐assessed physical activity (PA) and proxy‐reported screen time (ST) with estimating which of the parents’ lifestyle indicators help their offspring achieve step count (SC) recommendations under daily life conditions. The analysis included 773 parent–child dyads (591 mother–child, 182 father–child) and 511 nuclear family triads (mother‐father–child) with data ambulatory PA monitored with a Yamax pedometer during a regular school/working week during the spring and autumn between 2013 and 2019. Based on Logistic regression analysis, an achievement of 10,000 steps a day by the mothers significantly (p < 0.001) increases the odds ratio of their children reaching the recommended daily SC in the parent–child dyads. Obesity/overweight of mothers (fathers) significantly (p < 0.05) increases (reduces) the chance of their children reaching the recommended daily SC in the analysis of the nuclear family triads. For both overweight/obese and non‐overweight children, the odds of reaching the recommended daily SC are significantly (p < 0.05) increased by their regular participation (≥ twice per week) in organised leisure‐time PA (analysis of the nuclear family triads) and non‐excessive entertainment ST (≤2 h per day) in the mother–child and nuclear family triads. Despite the different mother‐/father–child behavioural associations, SC of parents are positively associated with SC of their children (Linear regression analysis). The involvement of children in regular participation in organised leisure activities (at least twice a week) and limiting their excessive entertainment ST might be important factors contributing to the achievement of the recommended daily SC by children.
MICOS subcomplexes assemble independently on the mitochondrial inner membrane in proximity to ER contact sites
Authors: Tirrell Parker S. , Nguyen Kailey N. , Luby-Phelps Katherine , Friedman Jonathan R.
Published: October 2020

MICOS is a conserved multisubunit complex that localizes to mitochondrial cristae junctions and organizes cristae positioning within the organelle. MICOS is organized into two independent subcomplexes; however, the mechanisms that dictate the assembly and spatial positioning of each MICOS subcomplex are poorly understood. Here, we determine that MICOS subcomplexes target independently of one another to sites on the inner mitochondrial membrane that are in proximity to contact sites between mitochondria and the ER. One subcomplex, composed of Mic27/Mic26/Mic10/Mic12, requires ERMES complex function for its assembly. In contrast, the principal MICOS component, Mic60, self-assembles and localizes in close proximity to the ER through an independent mechanism. We also find that Mic60 can uniquely redistribute adjacent to forced mitochondria–vacuole contact sites. Our data suggest that nonoverlapping properties of interorganelle contact sites provide spatial cues that enable MICOS assembly and ultimately lead to proper physical and functional organization of mitochondria.
Just how many holes…?
Authors: Csordas Gyorgy , Hurst Stephen
Published: October 2020

Neginskaya et al. discuss the very low number of calcium-induced permeability transition pores in the single mitochondrion.
Quantitative investigation of surface structure and interatomic potential with impact-collision ion scattering spectroscopy
Authors: Wong Chun-Shang , Kolasinski Robert D , Whaley Josh A
Published: October 2020

Helium ion beam interactions with materials have important implications for magnetic confinement fusion, material modification, and helium ion microscopy. These interactions depend on the precise physics of how helium ions channel into the materials, which can vary greatly based on the local crystalline orientation. In this work, we performed a dedicated experiment to investigate helium ion channeling in a well-characterized tungsten single crystal. Time-of-flight impact-collision ion scattering spectroscopy was used to obtain multi-angle maps of the backscattering intensity for 3 keV He+ → W(111). We found that the backscattering intensity profile arising from helium ion channeling could be well described by a shadow cone analysis. This analysis revealed that subsurface W atoms as deep as the ninth monolayer contributed to the backscattering intensity profile. Binary collision approximation simulations were performed with MARLOWE to model the experimental maps with sufficient accuracy to allow for quantitative comparisons using reliability factors. These quantitative comparisons were applied to investigate how the W lattice structure and He–W interatomic potential affect the multi-angle maps.
Lung heterogeneity and deadspace volume in animals with acute respiratory distress syndrome using the inspired sinewave test
Authors: Tran Minh C , Crockett Douglas C , Formenti Federico , Phan Phi A , Hedenstierna Göran , Larsson Anders , Payne Stephen J , Farmery Andrew D
Published: October 2020

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality, as patients undergoing mechanical ventilation are at risk of ventilator-induced lung injuries. Objective: To measure the lung heterogeneity and deadspace volume to find safer ventilator strategies. The ventilator settings could then offer homogeneous ventilation and theoretically equalize and reduce tidal strain/stress in the lung parenchyma. Approach: The inspired sinewave test (IST) is a non-invasive lung measurement tool which does not require cooperation from the patient. The IST can measure the effective lung volume, pulmonary blood flow and deadspace volume. We developed a computational simulation of the cardiopulmonary system to allow lung heterogeneity to be quantified using data solely derived from the IST. Then, the method to quantify lung heterogeneity using two IST tracer gas frequencies (180 and 60 s) was introduced and used in lung simulations and animal models. Thirteen anaesthetized pigs were studied with the IST both before and after experimental lung injury (saline-lavage ARDS model). The deadspace volume was compared between the IST and the SF6 washout method. Main results: The IST could measure lung heterogeneity using two tracer gas frequencies. Furthermore, the value of IST ventilation heterogeneity in ARDS lungs was higher than in control lungs at a positive end-expiratory pressure of 10 cmH2O (area under the curve = 0.85,

p
<
0.001

). Values for the deadspace volume measured by the IST have a strong relationship with the measured values of SF6 (9 ml bias and limits of agreement from −79 to 57 ml in control animals). Significance: The IST technique has the potential for use in the identification of ventilation and perfusion heterogeneity during ventilator support.
The effect of metastable atomic levels in neutral tungsten for erosion and impurity transport applications
Authors: Johnson C A , Loch S D , Ennis D A
Published: October 2020

Long-lived metastable states in neutral tungsten are shown to potentially impact measurements of tungsten erosion from plasma facing components. Time-dependent collisional radiative modeling of neutral tungsten is used to analyze the role of these states in tungsten emission and ionization. The large number of non-quasistatic atomic states in neutral tungsten can take on the order of milliseconds to reach equilibrium, depending on plasma conditions, causing erosion measurements to be affected by the metastable populations. Previous measurements using the 400.88 nm tungsten emission line could be affected by these non-quasistatic metastable effects. Therefore, a scheme for measuring the relative metastable fractions is proposed through simultaneous observation of multiple ultraviolet spectral lines of neutral W. The accuracy of gross erosion measurements could potentially be increased by inclusion of these previously unconsidered metastable effects.
Generation of diffraction-free beams using resonant metasurfaces
Authors: Bao Rui , Mou Zhen , Zhou Changda , Bai Qingwang , He Xiaobo , Han Zhanghua , Wang Shuyun , Teng Shuyun
Published: October 2020

Several metasurface diffraction-free beam generators are designed by using a set of resonant V-shaped nanoholes. Cosine beams, Bessel beams and cosine Bessel beams are generated through the corresponding metasurface structures with V-shaped nanoholes arranged in different ways. Theoretical analysis provides the design mechanism for these diffraction-free beam generators, numerical simulations and experiment measurement give the powerful verification for the generation of diffraction-free beams. The proposed diffraction-free beam generators have advantages of ultra-thin thickness, compact structure, ease to manufacture and flexibility to operate. The generated diffraction-free beams show high efficiency, polarization independence and validity for any visible wavelength. The compact design is benefit to the applications of diffraction-free beams in nanometer fabrication, optical integrated imaging and optical micromanipulation.
Fragment emission and critical behavior in light and heavy charged systems *
Authors: Sood Samiksha , Kumar Rohit , Sharma Arun , Gautam Sakshi , Puri Rajeev K.
Published: October 2020

We study the emission of fragments in central collisions of light and heavily charged systems of 40Ar+45Sc and 84Kr+197Au, respectively, using the Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) model as the primary model. The fragments are identified using an energy based clusterization algorithm, i.e., the Simulated Annealing Clusterization Algorithm (SACA). The charge distributions of intermediate mass fragments [3≤

≤12] are fitted with power-law (

) and exponential (

) fits in order to extract the parameters τ and

whose minimum values are also sometimes linked with the onset of fragmentation or the critical point for a liquid-gas phase transition. Other parameters such as the normalized second moment

,

, average size of the second largest cluster

, phase separation parameter (

), bimodal parameter (P), information entropy (H), and Zipf's law are also analyzed to find the exact energy of the onset of fragmentation. Our detailed analysis predicts that an energy point exists between 20-23.1 MeV/nucleon, which is very close to the experimentally observed value of 23.9 MeV/nucleon for the 40Ar+45Sc reaction. We also find that the critical energy deduced using Zipf's law is higher than those predicted from other critical exponents. Moreover, no minimum is found for τ values of the highly charged system of 84Kr+197Au, in agreement with experimental findings and various theoretical calculations. We observe that the QMD + SACA model calculations are in agreement with the experimental observations. This agreement supports our results regarding the energy point of the liquid-gas phase transition and the onset of fragmentation.
Neutron data field in a fission reactor core with fusion neutron source at pulse-periodic operation
Authors: Shamanin I V , Shmakov V M , Modestov D G , Bedenko S V , Polozkov S D , Prikhodko V V , Arzhannikov A V
Published: October 2020

Results are presented on the distinctive features of the energy release dynamics in the hybrid thorium reactor operating in combination with the neutron source based on the extended magnetic mirror trap. In the reactor core configuration under study, the high-temperature plasma column is formed in a pulse-periodic mode. At a certain duty cycle (pulse ratio) of the plasma column formation, it can be expected that the fission “wave” will be formed diverging from the axial region of the system and propagating in the radial direction in the fuel assembly (blanket). Under such conditions, in order to correct the resulting offset of the energy release distribution, it is necessary to optimize the fuel composition of the assembly in order to obtain the most appropriate radial distributions of physical parameters. The studies are carried out on the basis of the full-scale model of the reactor core, in which the axial region is modified: the extended magnetic mirror trap operating as a source of fusion neutrons is installed in the reactor core axial region.
Creation of plasma column with different density gradients to generate terahertz radiation during beam-plasma interaction
Authors: Arzhannikov A V , Ivanov I A , Kalinin P V , Kasatov A A , Makarov M A , Mekler K I , Rovenskikh A F , Samtsov D A , Sandalov E S , Sinitsky S L
Published: October 2020

The system is described for the preliminary plasma creation in the GOL-PET facility. Currently, after this system was considerably reconstructed, it is based on a high-voltage discharge system with pulsed gas injection. The new system was studied on the subject of whether, with its help, it is possible to create preliminary plasma with different longitudinal and transverse density distributions. The results obtained are presented which seem to be encouraging.