bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traduções e torções ou o que se quer dizer quando dizemos queer no Brasil?
Authors: Pelúcio Larissa
Published: January 2019

Desde que aportou no Brasil no início deste século, sobretudo via obra da filósofa JudithButler, a teoria queer tem sido seguida, criticada, contestada e pouco problematizada em suas implicaçõesepistemológicas mais profundas. Ainda que se tenha, nacionalmente, empreendido significativos econsistentes debates sobre os aportes que esta vertente dos saberes subalternizados tem suscitado, aindasão poucas as discussões que procuram pensar nessas contribuições no contexto específico brasileiro, noqual as categorias de gênero, sexualidade, raça/etnia, se interconectam de maneira singular, configurandoexperiências muito distintas daquelas discutidas por autoras e autores estrangeiros filiados a esta corrente.A provocação aqui é de pensar antropofagicamente, buscando nessa reflexão diálogos frutíferos com osfeminismos, as leituras pós-coloniais, com ênfase naquelas pensadas a partir da realidade latinoamericana,na tentativa de tencionar nossas produções – pensadas a partir de realidades locais – diante dequestões que também são transnacionais. Mais que traduções do “queer”, a ideia aqui é pensar em umateoria informada por essas produções, mas que ouse se inventar a partir de questões próprias de nossaexperiência marginal. Nesta apresentação, tomo a curta, mas intensa, produção do antropólogo argentinoNéstor Perlongher como um dos marcos para a elaboração de uma “teoria cu” latino-americana, mas,sobretudo brasileira, aquela produzida fora dos regimes falogocêntricos e heteronormativos da ciênciacanônica.
The art (and science) of seduction: Why, when, and for whom seductive details matter
Authors: Alexander Patricia A.
Published: January 2019

In this commentary, the two critical attributes of seductive details are described through a historical lens: relevance and interest. For each of these attributes, various forms that have populated the seductive detail literature are distinguished, and the specific manner in which each is interpreted by contributors to the Special Issue is considered. The forms of relevance overviewed are personal, structural, instructional, and task relevance. For interest, distinctions between individual and situational interest are noted, and the concept of interestingness is delineated. With this historical backdrop, the studies in this Special Issue are analyzed, and four provocative questions are posed: When are “seductive details” not seductive? What contextual factors contribute to seduction? For whom is seduction a problem? When is the solution worse than the problem?
Assemblies of Peptide‐Cytotoxin Conjugates for Tumor‐Homing Chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Jinqiang , Hu Shiqi , Mao Weiwei , Xiang Jiajia , Zhou Zhuxian , Liu Xiangrui , Tang Jianbin , Shen Youqing
Published: January 2019

Peptide‐drug conjugates are prodrugs that have the advantages of precise molecular structure and the direct exploitation of tumor‐homing, penetration or the cellular uptake abilities of the peptides such as the neuropilin‐1 receptor targeting peptide. The prodrugs generally have fast blood clearance due to their low molecular weights and thus are made to self‐assemble into nanostructures, preferably nanosized micelles and vesicles for intravenous administration, to slow their renal clearance. However, most peptidyl prodrugs usually form precipitates, irregular nanofibers or gels that are unsuitable for intravenous injection. Herein, a arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid‐lysine (RGDK) peptide and cytotoxin 7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) are used to synthesize the tumor‐homing prodrugs (SN38‐Peps) and explore their structure–micelle formation relationships. A small library of SN38‐Peps is obtained using different structures of peptides, linkers, and drug conjugation sites, and the factors affecting the assembly of SN38‐Peps as well as the stability of formed micelles are investigated. An optimized SN38‐Pep, (MOM)SN38(20)‐CRGDK, is finally obtained which forms stable micelles with a hydrodynamic diameter around 110 nm and a fixed drug loading content as high as 35%. The micelles show a prolonged blood circulation, significantly enhanced tumor accumulation, and therefore improved anticancer activity as compared to the non‐targeting prodrug and a clinically used anticancer drug.
Deriving Efficient Porous Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts for Hydrazine Oxidation from Transition Metal Ions‐Coordinated Casein
Authors: Fragal Vanessa H. , Fragal Elizângela H. , Zhang Tao , Huang Xiaoxi , Cellet Thelma Sley P. , Pereira Guilherme M. , Jitianu Andrei , Rubira Adley F. , Silva Rafael , Asefa Tewodros
Published: January 2019

In this work, the synthesis of high‐performance, metal ion‐imprinted, mesoporous carbon electrocatalysts for hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) using casein or a family of phosphoproteins derived from cow's milk as a precursor is shown. The synthesis is made possible by mixing trace amounts of non‐noble metal ions (Fe3+ or Co2+) with casein and then producing different metal ions‐functionalized casein intermediates, which upon carbonization, followed by acid treatment, lead to metal ion‐imprinted catalytically active sites on the materials. The materials effectively electrocatalyze HzOR with low overpotentials at neutral pH and exhibit among the highest electrocatalytic performances ever reported for carbon catalysts. Their catalytic activities are also better than the corresponding control material, synthesized by carbonization of pure casein and other materials previously reported for HzOR. This work demonstrates a novel synthetic route that transforms an inexpensive protein to highly active carbon‐based electrocatalysts by modifying its surfaces with trace amounts of non‐noble metals. The types of metal ions employed in the synthesis are found to dictate the electrocatalytic activities of the materials. Notably, Fe3+ is found to be more effective than Co2+ in helping the conversion of casein into more electrocatalytically active carbon materials for HzOR.
Oil Core–PEG Shell Nanocarriers for In Vivo MRI Imaging
Authors: Calcagno Vincenzo , Vecchione Raffaele , Quagliariello Vincenzo , Marzola Pasquina , Busato Alice , Giustetto Pierangela , Profeta Martina , Gargiulo Sara , Cicco Chiara Di , Yu Hui , Cassani Marco , Maurea Nicola , Mancini Marcello , Pellegrino Teresa , Netti Paolo A.
Published: January 2019

Oil‐in‐water emulsions represent a promising carrier for in vivo imaging because of the possibility to convey poorly water‐soluble species. To promote accumulation at the tumor site and prolong circulation time, reduction of carrier size and surface PEGylation plays a fundamental role. In this work a novel, simple method to design an oil‐core/PEG‐shell nanocarrier is reported. A PEG‐shell is grown around a monodisperse oil‐in‐water nanoemulsion with a one‐pot method, using the radical polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate. PEG polymerization is triggered by UV, obtaining a PEG‐shell with tunable thickness. This core–shell nanosystem combines the eluding feature of the PEG with the ability to confine high payloads of lipophilic species. Indeed, the core is successfully loaded with a lipophilic contrast agent, namely super paramagnetic iron oxide nanocubes. Interestingly, it is demonstrated an in vitro and an in vivo MRI response of the nanocapsules. Additionally, when the nanosystem loaded with nanocubes is mixed with a fluorescent contrast agent, indo‐cyanine green, a relevant in vitro photoacoustic effect is observed. Moreover, viability and cellular uptake studies show no significant cell cytotoxicity. These results, together with the choice of low cost materials and the scale up production, make this nanocarrier a potential platform for in vivo imaging.
All‐Sprayed‐Processable, Large‐Area, and Flexible Perovskite/MXene‐Based Photodetector Arrays for Photocommunication
Authors: Deng Wen , Huang Haichao , Jin Huaimin , Li Wen , Chu Xiang , Xiong Da , Yan Wei , Chun Fengjun , Xie Meilin , Luo Chao , Jin Long , Liu Chuanqi , Zhang Haitao , Deng Weili , Yang Weiqing
Published: January 2019

Flexible photodetectors (PDs) are attracting more attention due to their promising applications in wearable optoelectronic devices, bendable imaging sensors, and implantable optoelectronics. For the easy‐processable technology of massively fabricating PDs, instead of the expensive and complex high‐vacuum technique, the well‐matched work function of their active materials is essential. Herein, all‐sprayed‐processable and large‐area PDs are demonstrated on common paper based on two‐dimensional (2D) CsPbBr3 nanosheets and conductive Ti3C2Tx (MXene). Ascribed to the superior conductivity of MXene, high crystallinity of 2D CsPbBr3, and their well‐matched work function, the as‐prepared PDs exhibit an outstanding on/off current ratio up to 2.3 × 103 and a remarkable photoresponse as fast as 18 ms. Specifically, the detectivity (D*) of 6.4 × 108 Jones and responsivity (R) of 44.9 mA W−1 under a bias of 10 V are achieved. Besides, after bending 1500 cycles, the as‐prepared PDs can still maintain the excellent flexibility and stability. Based on this, a superior‐quality and large‐area 1665 pixel sensor in 72 cm2 (≈24 units cm−2) is developed, and it can clearly transmit the image of “0” to realize the photocommunication function. This work provides a low‐cost method of massively producing the flexible large‐area PDs for wearable optoelectronic devices and expanded photocommunication.
Large normal alleles of ATXN2 decrease age at onset in transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy Val30Met patients
Authors: Santos Diana , Coelho Teresa , Alves‐Ferreira Miguel , Sequeiros Jorge , Mendonça Denisa , Alonso Isabel , Sousa Alda , Lemos Carolina
Published: January 2019

Objective

Transthyretin (TTR)‐related familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is an autosomal dominant neurological disease, caused most frequently by a Val30Met (now classified as Val50Met) substitution in TTR. Age at onset (AO) ranges from 19 to 82 years, and variability exists mostly between generations. Unstable oligonucleotide repeats in various genes are the mechanism behind several neurological diseases, found also to act as modifiers for other disorders. Our aim was to investigate whether large normal repeat alleles of 10 genes had a possible modifier effect in AO in Portuguese TTR‐FAP Val30Met families.

Methods

We analyzed 329 Portuguese patients from 123 families. Repeat length (at ATXN1, ATXN2, ATXN3, ATXN7, TBP, ATN1, HTT, JPH3, AR, and DMPK) was assessed by single and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, using fluorescently labeled primers, followed by capillary electrophoresis. We used a family‐centered approach, and generalized estimating equations were used to account for AO correlation between family members.

Results

For ATXN2, the presence of at least 1 allele longer than 22 CAGs was significantly associated with an earlier onset in TTR‐FAP Val30Met, decreasing mean AO by 6 years (95% confidence interval = −8.81 to −2.19, p = 0.001). No association was found for the remaining repeat loci.

Interpretation

Length of normal repeats at ATXN2 may modify AO in TTR‐FAP Val30Met and may function as a risk factor. This can be due to the role of ATXN2 in RNA metabolism and as a modulator of various cellular processes, including mitochondrial stress. This may have relevant implications for prognosis and the follow‐up of presymptomatic carriers. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:251–258.
Positiv geladene Nanoaggregate auf Basis eines zwitterionischen Pillar[5]arens zur Bekämpfung von planktonischen Bakterien und zum Abbau von Biofilmen
Authors: Gao Lingyan , Li Mingjun , Ehrmann Svenja , Tu Zhaoxu , Haag Rainer
Published: January 2019

Bakterielle Biofilme sind schwer auszurotten, da sie weniger anfällig gegen Antibiotika sind und leicht Resistenzen gegen diese entwickeln. Die zeitnahe Entwicklung neuer Materialien, die planktonische Bakterien bekämpfen und bestehende Biofilme abbauen oder gar zerstören können, ist daher dringend geboten. Zur Bewältigung dieser genannten Herausforderungen haben wir ein multifunktionales zwitterionisches Pillar[5]aren entwickelt, das durch Selbstaggregation schwach positiv geladene Nanoaggregate bildet, die antibakterielle Aktivität gegenüber dem gramnegativen Bakterienstamm Escherichia coli (DH5α), sowie gegenüber dem grampositiven Stamm Staphylococcus aureus (SH1000) zeigen. Darüber hinaus kann das zwitterionische Pillar[5]aren bereits vorhandene Escherichia coli (DH5α) Biofilme effizient zerstören und im Biofilm eingeschlossene Bakterien abtöten, bevor sie Resistenzen entwickeln.
In‐Transit Electroextraction of Small‐Molecule Pharmaceuticals from Blood
Authors: Nanthasurasak Pavisara , See Hong Heng , Zhang Min , Guijt Rosanne M. , Breadmore Michael C.
Published: January 2019

An electrokinetic platform was developed for extracting small‐molecule pharmaceuticals from a dried blood spot. Through the exclusion of liquid reagents and use of low field strength (6 V cm−1), the electroextraction of a drug from a dried blood spot, deposited on a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM), could be realised while in transit in the mail. In transit sample preparation provides a potential solution to in situ sample degradation and may accelerate the workflow upon arrival of a patient sample at the analytical facility. The electroextraction method was enabled through our discovery of the use of 15–20 μm thin PIMs as electrophoretic separation medium in absence of liquid reagents. Here, a PIM consisting of cellulose triacetate as polymer base, 2‐nitrophenyl octyl ether as plasticizer and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as carrier was used. The PIM, was packaged with two 12 V batteries to supply the separation voltage. A blood spot containing berberine chloride was deposited and dried before the applying the separation potential, allowing for the electroextraction while the packaged device was shipped in internal mail. Upon arrival in the analytical laboratory, the PIM was analysed using a fluorescence microscope with photon multiplier tube, quantifying the berberine extracted away from the sample matrix. This platform represents a new opportunity for processing clinical samples during transport to the laboratory, saving time and manual handling to accelerate the time to result.
A Metal–Organic Supramolecular Box as a Universal Reservoir of UV, WL, and NIR Light for Long‐Persistent Luminescence
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhu Cheng‐Yi , Yin Shao‐Yun , Wei Zhang‐Wen , Zhang Jian‐Hua , Fan Ya‐Nan , Jiang Ji‐Jun , Pan Mei , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: January 2019

Long persistent luminescence (LPL) materials have a unique photophysical mechanism to store light radiation energy for subsequent release. However, in comparison to the common UV source, white‐light (WL) and near‐infrared (NIR) excited LPL is scarce. Herein we report a metal–organic supramolecular box based on a D–π–A‐type ligand. Owing to the integrated one‐photon absorption (OPA) and two‐photon absorption (TPA) attributes of the ligand, the heavy‐atom effect of the metal center, as well as π‐stacking and J‐aggregation states in the supramolecular assembly, LPL can be triggered by all wavebands from the UV to the NIR region. This novel designed supramolecular kit to afford LPL by both OPA and TPA pathways provides potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting, camouflaging, decorating, and displaying, among others.
A new dinuclear copper (II) complex of 2,5–Furandicarboxyclic acid with 4(5)‐Methylimidazole as a high potential α‐glucosidase inhibitor: Synthesis, Crystal structure, Cytotoxicity study, and TD/DFT calculations
Authors: Avcı Davut , Altürk Sümeyye , Sönmez Fatih , Tamer Ömer , Başoğlu Adil , Atalay Yusuf , Zengin Kurt Belma , Öztürk Dilek , Dege Necmi
Published: January 2019

A new dinuclear copper (II) complex of 2,5–furandicarboxyclic acid with 4(5)‐methylimidazole, [Cu (FDCA)((4(5)MeI)2]2·2H2O, was synthesized, and its structure characterized by XRD, FT–IR and UV–Vis spectroscopic techniques. The α‐glucosidase inhibition and cytotoxicity study of the synthesized Cu (II) complex were determined by IC50 values. The optimized geometry and vibrational harmonic frequencies for the Cu (II) complex were obtained by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) of HSEh1PBE/6–311++G(d,p)/LanL2DZ level. TD‐DFT/HSEh1PBE/6–311++G(d,p)/LanL2DZ level with CPCM model was applied to examine the electronic spectral properties and major contributions were determined via Swizard program. To investigate linear and nonlinear optical behavior of the synthesized Cu (II) complex, the α, Δα and χ(1)/β, γ and χ(3) parameters called linear/nonlinear optical parameters in gas phase and ethanol solvent were computed at the same level and basis set. Furthermore, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface was determined by using the same level. The docking study of the Cu (II) complex to the binding site of the target protein (the template structure S. cerevisiae isomaltase) is fulfilled. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was used to investigate the hyperconjugative interactions, inter‐ and intra‐molecular bonding and to determine coordination around Cu (II) ion. Finally, present work is the first remarkable scientific report of mixed‐ligand (H2FDCA and 4(5)MeI) Cu (II) complex as novel drug candidate for DM II. It is also determined that microscopic third−NLO parameters for the Cu (II) complex is remarkable.
Structure and cytotoxicity of zinc (II) and cobalt (II) complexes based on 1,3,5‐tris(1‐imidazolyl) benzene
Authors: Zhu Mingchang , Zhao Hongwei , Peng Tingting , Su Junqi , Meng Bo , Qi Zhenzhen , Jia Bing , Feng Yunhui , Gao Enjun
Published: January 2019

Three novel complexes, [Zn (tib)2·(H2O)2]·(NO3)2 (1), [Co (tib)2]·2NO3 (2) and [Co2(tib)2(btc)]·H2O (3) [H4btc = 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid; H2tib = 1,3,5‐tris(1‐imidazolyl)benzene], were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray, IR and elemental analysis. The interaction of these complexes with FS‐DNA (fish sperm DNA) was monitored, and binding constants were determined using UV/Vis, which revealed that they have the ability to bind to FS‐DNA. DNA‐binding constants (K) for the three complexes were 2.2 × 104 m−1, 0.7 × 104 m−1 and 0.09 × 104 m−1, respectively. The interaction capacity of the complexes with FS‐DNA has been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. Stern–Volmer quenching plot values for complexes 1, 2 and 3 were 0.3784, 0.1028 and 0.076, respectively. The viscosity measurement suggested that complexes 1, 2 and 3 interact with DNA in an intercalation mode. In addition, anti‐cancer activities of these complexes investigated through MTT assays in vitro indicated that the complexes showed good cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines. Cytotoxic activity of test complexes against two different cancer cell lines (HeLa and KB cells) showed significant cancer cell inhibition rates. Flow cytometry experiments and morphological apoptosis studies showed that the complexes induced apoptosis of HeLa tumor cell lines. Finally, a further molecular docking technique was employed to confirm the binding of the complexes toward the molecular target DNA.
Template‐free anion‐controlled synthesis of Pd (II) nano‐aggregates for the antifouling polymerization of CO and ethylene
Authors: Lim Yu Na , Chae Soo Kyung , Yim Woongbin , Park Ji‐Yong , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Kim Eunha , Son Seung Uk , Jang Hye‐Young
Published: January 2019

The reaction of [(domppp) Pd (OAc)2] [domppp = 1,3‐bis (di‐o‐methoxyphenylphosphino)propane] and imidazolium‐functionalized carboxylic acids containing various anions (Br−, PF6−, SbF6− and BF4−) resulted in the formation of nano‐sized Pd (II) aggregates under template‐free conditions. The rate of formation of aggregates can be modulated by changing the anion, affecting the rate of polymerization of CO and olefins without fouling. Herein, we describe the analysis of Pd (II) catalysts by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography, and co‐ and terpolymerization results including the catalytic activity, and bulk density and molecular weight of polymers.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of 1‐substituted‐1H‐benzimidazolium salts: Non‐competitive inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase I and II
Authors: Karlık Özgül , Gençer Nahit , Karataş Mert O. , Ergün Adem , Çıkrıkcı Kübra , Arslan Oktay , Alıcı Bülent , Kılıç‐Cıkla Işın , Özdemir Namık
Published: January 2019

A series of 1‐substituted‐1H‐benzimidazolium p‐toluenesulfonate salts were synthesized in good yields by the reaction of 1‐substituted benzimidazole derivatives and p‐toluenesulfonic acid under microwave irradiation. Two iodide salts were synthesized by the anion exchange reaction of the corresponding p‐toluenesulfonate salt and NaI. All compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, LC‐MS spectroscopic methods, and elemental analyses. The crystal structure of 1‐methoxyethyl‐1H‐benzimidazolium p‐toluenesulfonate 2d showed that cation and anion are interconnected by N−H···O and C−H···O hydrogen bonds. All compounds were examined as inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) I and II, and all of them inhibited hCA I and hCA II. Kinetic investigation results revealed that these compounds inhibit hCA I and hCA II in a non‐competitive manner. The iodide salts had higher inhibitory activity than their corresponding p‐toluenesulfonate salts.
Anthracene‐Attached Persistent Tricyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Radicals
Authors: Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Ito Ryuoh , Takada Aya , Yasuda Yuri , Nagata Takaya , Stratmann Erik , Kubo Takashi
Published: January 2019

Anthracene‐attached tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having different central polygons, Ant‐5, Ant‐6, and Ant‐7, were synthesized to evaluate the role of an anthracene substituent group in the stability and reactivity of tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radicals. The bulky anthryl group effectively protects a carbon atom with high spin density, resulting in high persistence of the radicals. On the other hand, the combination of the anthryl group and the tricyclic aromatic scaffold makes the molecular structure drastically change from a twisted form to a folded form and an unpaired electron moves into the anthryl moiety, eventually affording a tail‐to‐tail σ‐dimer.
K‐Sample comparisons using propensity analysis
Authors: Jung Sin‐Ho , Chi Sang Ah , Ahn Hyun Joo
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we investigate K‐group comparisons on survival endpoints for observational studies. In clinical databases for observational studies, treatment for patients are chosen with probabilities varying depending on their baseline characteristics. This often results in noncomparable treatment groups because of imbalance in baseline characteristics of patients among treatment groups. In order to overcome this issue, we conduct propensity analysis and match the subjects with similar propensity scores across treatment groups or compare weighted group means (or weighted survival curves for censored outcome variables) using the inverse probability weighting (IPW). To this end, multinomial logistic regression has been a popular propensity analysis method to estimate the weights. We propose to use decision tree method as an alternative propensity analysis due to its simplicity and robustness. We also propose IPW rank statistics, called Dunnett‐type test and ANOVA‐type test, to compare 3 or more treatment groups on survival endpoints. Using simulations, we evaluate the finite sample performance of the weighted rank statistics combined with these propensity analysis methods. We demonstrate these methods with a real data example. The IPW method also allows us for unbiased estimation of population parameters of each treatment group. In this paper, we limit our discussions to survival outcomes, but all the methods can be easily modified for any type of outcomes, such as binary or continuous variables.
Synthesis of New Potential Lipophilic Co‐Drugs of 2‐Chloro‐2′‐deoxyadenosine (Cladribine, 2‐CdA, Mavenclad®, Leustatin®) and 6‐Azauridine (z6U) with Valproic Acid
Authors: Knies Christine , Reuter Hans , Hammerbacher Katharina , Bender Eugenia , Bonaterra Gabriel A. , Kinscherf Ralf , Rosemeyer Helmut
Published: January 2019

2‐Chloro‐2′‐deoxyadenosine (cladribine, 1) was acylated with valproic acid (2) under various reaction conditions yielding 2‐chloro‐2′‐deoxy‐3′,5′‐O‐divalproyladenosine (3) as well as the 3′‐O‐ and 5′‐O‐monovalproylated derivatives, 2‐chloro‐2′‐deoxy‐3′‐O‐valproyladenosine (4) and 2‐chloro‐2′‐deoxy‐5′‐O‐valproyladenosine (5), as new co‐drugs. In addition, 6‐azauridine‐2′,3′‐O‐(ethyl levulinate) (8) was valproylated at the 5′‐OH group (→9). All products were characterized by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. The structure of the by‐product 6 (N‐cyclohexyl‐N‐(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)‐2‐propylpentanamide), formed upon valproylation of cladribine in the presence of N,N‐dimethylaminopyridine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, was analyzed by X‐ray crystallography. Cladribine as well as its valproylated co‐drugs were tested upon their cancerostatic/cancerotoxic activity in human astrocytoma/oligodendroglioma GOS‐3 cells, in rat malignant neuro ectodermal BT4Ca cells, as well as in phorbol‐12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)‐differentiated human THP‐1 macrophages. The most important result of these experiments is the finding that only the 3′‐O‐valproylated derivative 4 exhibits a significant antitumor activity while the 5′‐O‐ as well as the 3′,5′‐O‐divalproylated cladribine derivatives 3 and 5 proved to be inactive.
The Crystal Structures of α‐ and β‐F2 Revisited
Authors: Ivlev Sergei I. , Karttunen Antti J. , Hoelzel Markus , Conrad Matthias , Kraus Florian
Published: January 2019

The crystal structures of α‐F2 and β‐F2 have been reinvestigated using neutron powder diffraction. For the low‐temperature phase α‐F2, which is stable below circa 45.6 K, the monoclinic space group C2/c with lattice parameters a=5.4780(12), b=3.2701(7), c=7.2651(17) Å, β=102.088(18)°, V=127.26(5) Å3, mS8, Z=4 at 10 K can now be confirmed. The structure model was significantly improved, allowed for the anisotropic refinement of the F atom, and an F−F bond length of 1.404(12) Å was obtained, which is in excellent agreement with spectroscopic data and high‐level quantum chemical predictions. The high‐temperature phase β‐F2, stable between circa 45.6 K and the melting point of 53.53 K, crystallizes in the cubic primitive space group Pm
n with the lattice parameter a=6.5314(15) Å, V=278.62(11) Å3, cP16, Z=8, at 48 K. β‐F2 is isotypic to γ‐O2 and δ‐N2. The centres of gravity of the F2 molecules are arranged like the atoms in the Cr3Si structure type.
In Vivo Identification of Protein Kinase Substrates by Kinase‐Oriented Substrate Screening (KIOSS)
Authors: Nishioka Tomoki , Amano Mutsuki , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Tsuboi Daisuke , Yamahashi Yukie , Kaibuchi Kozo
Published: January 2019

Protein phosphorylation plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular function. Information on protein phosphorylation and the responsible kinases is important for understanding intracellular signaling. A method for in vivo screening of kinase substrates named KIOSS (kinase‐oriented substrate screening) has been developed. This protocol provides a method that utilizes phosphoprotein‐binding modules such as 14‐3‐3 protein, the pin1‐WW domain, and the chek2‐FHA domain as biological filters to successfully enrich phosphorylated proteins related to intracellular signaling rather than housekeeping and/or structural proteins. More than 1000 substrate candidates for PKA, PKC, MAPK, and Rho‐kinase in HeLa cells, as well as phosphorylation downstream of D1R, NMDAR, adenosine A2a receptor, PKA, PKC, MAPK, and Rho‐kinase in mouse brain slice cultures have been identified by this method. An online database named KANPHOS (Kinase‐Associated Neural Phospho‐Signaling) provides the phosphorylation signals identified by these studies, as well as those previously reported in the literature. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IL‐23‐ and Imiquimod‐Induced Models of Experimental Psoriasis in Mice
Authors: Singh Tej Pratap , Zhang Howard H. , Hwang Samuel T. , Farber Joshua M.
Published: January 2019

Genome‐wide association studies have found that polymorphisms in genes for IL‐23 and its receptor are important in psoriasis, and blocking IL‐23 is an effective therapy in the disease. The use of Aldara™, a cream that contains the TLR7 and TLR8 agonist imiquimod (IMQ), was found to exacerbate psoriasis in some patients with pre‐existing disease. Intradermal injections of IL‐23 and topical application of Aldara/IMQ induce skin inflammation in mice with features similar to psoriasis—including epidermal hyperplasia and accumulation of inflammatory cells in epidermis and dermis—which is mediated by IL‐17A, IL‐22, and other factors implicated in the human disease. Consequently, these models can be used in preclinical studies to investigate the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of psoriasis, as well as in the evaluation of potential therapies. This article provides detailed methodologies for creating and evaluating the IL‐23‐ and Aldara/IMQ‐induced mouse models of psoriasis. The article also provides a protocol for analyzing skin leukocytes by flow cytometry. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A social conflict diagnostic tool for application in the mining industry: A case study in Peru
Authors: Saenz Cesar
Published: January 2019

In the mining industry, both the types of social conflict and the best practices to deal with them are diverse. However, best practices tend to be considered separately, and there is no integrated tool combining all relevant types of social conflicts and respective best practices for overcoming them. Therefore, this paper aims to devise a framework that integrates all best practices for preventing the main types of social conflict in the mining industry. For this purpose, a framework is formulated based on a comprehensive literature review and then tested in two mining companies in Peru. The resulting framework can be used in the mining industry to evaluate social conflict management and create strategies to improve outcomes.
Working with students who stutter: Considering oral exams, clinical settings
Authors: Jain Neera R.
Published: January 2019

Health science programs frequently list “effective communication” as a core competency or technical standard. Therefore, concerns may arise about how students who stutter will meet associated program requirements. Remembering that strong communication entails much more than fluency in oral speech is key to approaching these concerns. Students who stutter can be excellent communicators.
Design and rationale of haemodynamic guidance with CardioMEMS in patients with a left ventricular assist device: the HEMO‐VAD pilot study
Authors: Veenis Jesse F. , Manintveld Olivier C. , Constantinescu Alina A. , Caliskan Kadir , Birim Ozcan , Bekkers Jos A. , van Mieghem Nicolas M. , den Uil Corstiaan A. , Boersma Eric , Lenzen Mattie J. , Zijlstra Felix , Abraham William T. , Adamson Philip B. , Brugts Jasper J.
Published: January 2019

Aims

We aim to study the feasibility and clinical value of pulmonary artery pressure monitoring with the CardioMEMS™ device in order to optimize and guide treatment in patients with a HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device (LVAD).

Methods and results

In this single‐centre, prospective pilot study, we will include 10 consecutive patients with New York Heart Association Class IIIb or IV with Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support Classes 2–5 scheduled for implantation of a HeartMate 3 LVAD. Prior to LVAD implantation, patients will receive a CardioMEMS sensor, for daily pulmonary pressure readings. The haemodynamic information provided by the CardioMEMS will be used to improve haemodynamic status prior to LVAD surgery and optimize the timing of LVAD implantation. Post‐LVAD implantation, the haemodynamic changes will be assessed for additive value in detecting potential complications in an earlier stage (bleeding and tamponade). During the outpatient clinic phase, we will assess whether the haemodynamic feedback can optimize pump settings, detect potential complications, and further tailor the clinical management of these patients.

Conclusions

The HEMO‐VAD study is the first prospective pilot study to explore the safety and feasibility of using CardioMEMS for optimization of LVAD therapy with additional (remote) haemodynamic information.
A Highly Sensitive Electrochemiluminescence Choline Biosensor Based on Poly(aniline‐luminol‐hemin) Nanocomposites
Authors: Yang Yaru , Zhang Yanhui , Wei Lu , Li Guixin , Guan Ming , Tian Shuge
Published: January 2019

Poly(aniline‐luminol‐hemin) nanocomposites are prepared on an electrode surface through electropolymerization, and a highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for choline is developed based on the poly(aniline‐luminol‐hemin) nanocomposites and an enzyme catalyzed reaction of choline oxidase (CHOD). The obtained nanocomposites are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and ECL. The results indicate that hemin can be incorporated into the poly(aniline‐luminol) nanocomposites using the facile electropolymerization method, and the poly(aniline‐luminol‐hemin) nanocomposites are rod shaped porous nanostructure. Moreover, the poly(aniline‐luminol‐hemin) nanocomposites exhibit higher ECL intensity than poly(aniline‐luminol) nanocomposites in alkaline media due to the catalytic effect of hemin on the ECL of the polymerized luminol and the electron transfer ability of hemin in the nanocomposites. CHOD is immobilized on the surface of the poly(aniline‐luminol‐hemin) nanocomposites modified electrode with glutaraldehyde, and the ECL biosensor based on poly(aniline‐luminol‐hemin)/CHOD exhibits a wider linear range for the choline detection. The enhanced ECL signals are linear with the logarithm of concentration of choline over the range of 1.0×10−11∼1.0×10−7 mol L−1 with a low detection limit of 1.2×10−12 mol L−1. Moreover, the proposed biosensor is successfully applied to the detection of choline in milk.
Development of battery intervention power supply for solar roof top installations
Authors: Valsala Kamala Devi , Premkumar K. , Beevi A. Bisharathu
Published: January 2019

In India, battery storage and time‐based tariff are yet to be introduced in solar microgrid tied inverters. Here, the authors propose an improved multistage converter topology intended for single phase solar roof top applications with battery storage. It works in six modes depending on solar‐load‐battery‐grid profiles. The whole strategy is implemented in a battery intervention power supply (BIPS) that uses energy storage integrated with the solar generator that helps in smoothing of power, load shifting, load dispatch, and load angle control. Notably, load dispatch decision is arrived based on several independent parameters that take different values at a time. A Boolean equation is derived relating the different parameters so as to arrive at a single decision. This is achieved by a variable entity k‐map. A voltage control is also implemented which is done by load angle control of the inverter current. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 570–583, 2019
The establishment of a new culture of Hyalella azteca that would permit toxicity tests to be conducted on low–ionic strength waters
Authors: Walsh Stephanie , Gosselin Isabelle , Lee David , Stuart Marilyne
Published: January 2019

The objective of the present study was to establish a culture of Hyalella azteca that could be used for laboratory toxicity testing in low–ionic strength waters with electrical conductivities of <200 μS/cm. A wild strain of H. azteca was collected from Twin Lake, a small seepage lake with an electrical conductivity of 81 ± 27 μS/cm located on the property of Chalk River Laboratories in Chalk River, Canada. To determine the minimum aqueous ion requirements for an optimal culturing medium for the Twin Lake strain, Twin Lake was monitored for water quality and ionic content over 4 yr. Water quality parameters were averaged and used to formulate a medium containing NaHCO3, CaCl2, MgSO4, KCl, NaBr, NaF, and LiCl, with an electrical conductivity of 89 ± 3 μS/cm. By evaluating survival and reproduction, it was concluded that this artificial medium promoted survival and supported reproduction (10 ± 4 neonates/female/wk) of the Twin Lake amphipod. The Twin Lake strain of H. azteca can, therefore, be maintained in laboratory settings, and this allows for toxicity testing to be conducted on low–ionic strength waters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:585–590. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Comparative dissolution, uptake, and toxicity of zinc oxide particles in individual aquatic species and mixed populations
Authors: Wu Fan , Harper Bryan J. , Harper Stacey L.
Published: January 2019

Potential differences in species susceptibility to nanoparticle (NP) contaminants make the use of multispecies community toxicity testing strategies beneficial in understanding NP risk to aquatic environments. Because of the limited knowledge of zinc oxide (ZnO) NP fate and toxicity, we conducted multispecies exposures and compared the responses of individual species to the same species in a community comprised of algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), bacteria (Escherichia coli), crustaceans (Daphnia magna), and zebrafish (Danio rerio). Different-sized ZnO particles and ionic Zn were compared to investigate the contribution of particulate and dissolved Zn to aquatic organism toxicity. Each organism and community was exposed to Zn sources at 0.08, 0.8, and 8 mg Zn/L. The present results indicate that all 3 types of Zn elicited differential toxicity among test organisms, with stronger adverse outcomes observed in single species than within a community. The community assay (nanocosm) we developed increased resilience to all Zn exposures by 5 to 10% compared to individual exposures at equivalent concentrations. In addition, the uptake and toxicity of ZnO particles to aquatic communities appear to be driven by rapid dissolution and the concomitant impacts of zinc ion toxicity, and the size of the ZnO particles had little impact on uptake or toxicity. The nanocosm assay could be a useful screening tool for rapidly assessing the potential impacts of nanomaterials to aquatic species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:591–602. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.

Abstract

Zinc released from nanoparticles elicits lower ecotoxicity in small-scale microcosms.
Fish embryo tests and acute fish toxicity tests are interchangeable in the application of the threshold approach
Authors: Rawlings Jane M. , Belanger Scott E. , Connors Kristin A. , Carr Gregory J.
Published: January 2019

A database was compiled for algal Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline 201, for Daphnia magna OECD test guideline 202, for the acute fish toxicity (AFT) OECD test guideline 203, and for the fish embryo toxicity (FET) OECD test guideline 236 to assess the suitability and applicability of the FET test in a threshold approach context. In the threshold approach, algal and Daphnia toxicity are assessed first, after which a limit test is conducted at the lower of the 2 toxicity values using fish. If potential fish toxicity is indicated, a full median lethal concentration assay is performed. This tiered testing strategy can significantly reduce the number of fish used in toxicity testing because algae or Daphnia are typically more sensitive than fish. A total of 165 compounds had AFT and FET data available, and of these, 82 had algal and Daphnia acute toxicity data available. Algae and Daphnia were more sensitive 75 to 80% of the time. Fish or FET tests were most sensitive 20 and 16% of the time, respectively, when considered as the sole fish toxicity indicator and 27% of the time when both were considered simultaneously. When fish were the most sensitive trophic level, different compounds were identified as the most toxic in FET and to AFT tests; however, the differences were not so large that they resulted in substantially different outcomes when potencies were binned using the United Nations categories of aquatic toxicity under the Globally Harmonized System for classification and labeling. It is recommended that the FET test could be used to directly replace the AFT test in the threshold approach or could be used as the definitive test if an AFT limit test indicated toxicity potential for a chemical. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:671–681. © 2019 SETAC
Electronic Structure and Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Gd‐doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Generation via Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Soni Swati , Chouhan Neelu , Meena Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Sudhish , Dalela Bhavna , Mishra Monu , Meena Rajendra Singh , Gupta Govind , Kumar Shalendra , Alvi Parvez Ahmad , Dalela Saurabh
Published: January 2019

Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of Gd‐doped CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) is experimentally demonstrated, whereas there are very few reports on this mechanism with rare earth doping. All‐pure and Gd‐doped CeO2 NPs are synthesized using a coprecipitation method and characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), absorption spectroscopy, surface‐enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The effect of Gd‐doping on properties of CeO2 is discussed along with defects and oxygen vacancies generation. The XRD confirms the incorporation of Gd3+ at the Ce3+/Ce4+ site by keeping the crystal structure same. The average particle size from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images is in the range of 5–7 nm. The XPS spectra of Ce 3d, O 1s, and Gd 4d exhibits the formation of oxygen vacancies to maintain the charge neutrality when Ce4+ changes to Ce3+. The gradual increase in hydrogen production is observed with increasing Gd concentration. The observed results are in good correlation with the characterization results and a mechanism of water splitting is proposed on the basis of analyses. The absorption spectra reveal optical band gap (2.5–2.7 eV) of samples, showing band gap narrowing leads to desired optical absorbance and photoactivity of NPs.
Survival impact of treatment delays in surgically managed oropharyngeal cancer and the role of human papillomavirus status
Authors: Goel Alexander N. , Frangos Mariana , Raghavan Govind , Sangar Sophia , Lazaro Stephanie , Wang Marilene B. , Long Jennifer L. , St. John Maie A.
Published: January 2019

Background

The impact of treatment delays on survival in oropharyngeal cancer and whether the effect varies by human papillomavirus (HPV) status have yet to be defined.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of the survival impact of time from diagnosis to surgery (DTS), surgery to radiation (SRT), and duration of radiation (RTD) for patients in the National Cancer Database with resected oropharyngeal cancer who underwent adjuvant radiation from 2010 to 2014.

Results

We identified optimal thresholds of 30, 40, and 51 days for DTS, SRT, and RTD, respectively, with treatment times exceeding these thresholds associated with significantly worse overall survival. Prolonged SRT and RTD were associated with mortality regardless of HPV status, although rising DTS was only predictive among patients with HPV‐negative tumors.

Conclusions

Treatment delays significantly impact survival in oropharyngeal cancer. The consequences of prolonged DTS may be stronger in HPV‐negative than HPV‐positive disease. These data serve as a foundation for future research and clinical management.
Government expenditure on health and maternal mortality in México: A spatial‐econometric analysis
Authors: Pérez‐Pérez Eduardo , Serván‐Mori Edson , Nigenda Gustavo , Ávila‐Burgos Leticia , Mayer‐Foulkes David
Published: January 2019

Objective

To assess the relationship between government expenditure on maternal health (GE) and maternal mortality (MM) in Mexican poor population between 2000 and 2015 in the 2457 Mexican municipalities.

Methods

Using administrative data, we performed the analysis in three stages: First, we tested the presence of selection bias in MM. Next, we assessed the presence of spatial dependence in the incidence and severity of MM. Finally, we estimated a spatial error model considering the correction of estimates for the spatial dependence and selection bias assessed before.

Results

MM and GE were not randomly distributed throughout the Mexican territory; the most socially vulnerable municipalities exhibited the highest levels of MM severity but the lowest levels of GE and available human and physical resources for maternal health; the incidence of MM was independent of GE; elasticity of GE‐severity in MM was −4% (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Resource allocation for maternal health must move towards a more comprehensive vision, and efforts to achieve an effective delivery of universal health services must improve, particularly regarding the most vulnerable municipalities.
Efficacy of a synthetic calcium phosphate with submicron surface topography as autograft extender in lapine posterolateral spinal fusion
Authors: van Dijk Lukas A. , Barbieri Davide , Barrère‐de Groot Florence , Yuan Huipin , Oliver Rema , Christou Chris , Walsh William R. , de Bruijn Joost D.
Published: January 2019

Posterolateral spinal fusion (PLF) is a common procedure in orthopedic surgery that is performed to fuse adjacent vertebrae to reduce symptoms related to spinal conditions. In the current study, a novel synthetic calcium phosphate with submicron surface topography was evaluated as an autograft extender in a validated rabbit model of PLF. Fifty‐nine skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups and underwent single‐level intertransverse process PLF at L4‐5 using (1) autologous bone graft (ABG) alone or in a 1:1 combination with (2) calcium phosphate granules (ABG/BCPgranules), or (3) granules embedded in a fast‐resorbing polymeric carrier (ABG/BCPputty). After 6, 9, and 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed and spinal fusion was assessed by manual palpation, Radiographs, micro‐CT, mechanical testing (12 weeks only), histology, and histomorphometry. Based on all endpoints, all groups showed a gradual progression in bone formation and maturation during time, leading to solid fusion masses between the transverse processes after 12 weeks. Fusion assessments by manual palpation, radiography and histology were consistent and demonstrated equivalent fusion rates between groups, with high bilateral fusion rates after 12 weeks. Mechanical tests after 12 weeks indicated substantially lower range of motion for all groups, compared to non‐operated controls. By histology and histomorphometry, the gradual formation and maturation of bone in the fusion mass was confirmed for each graft type. With these results, we describe the equivalent performance between autograft and a novel calcium phosphate material as an autograft extender in a rabbit model of PLF using an extensive range of evaluation techniques. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2080–2090, 2019.