bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protection against influenza hospitalizations from enhanced influenza vaccines among older adults: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Ferdinands J. M. , Blanton L. H. , Alyanak E. , Chung J. R. , Trujillo L. , Taliano J. , Morgan R. L. , Fry A. M. , Grohskopf L. A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Influenza vaccines are available to help protect persons aged ≥65 years, who experience thousands of influenza hospitalizations annually. Because some influenza vaccines may work better than others, we sought to assess benefit of high‐dose (HD), adjuvanted (ADJ), and recombinant (RIV) influenza vaccines (“enhanced influenza vaccines”) compared with standard‐dose unadjuvanted influenza vaccines (SD) and with one another for prevention of influenza‐associated hospitalizations among persons aged ≥65 years.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane Library to identify randomized or observational studies published between January 1990 and October 2023 and reporting relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of HD, ADJ, or RIV for prevention of influenza‐associated hospitalizations among adults aged ≥65 years. We extracted study data, assessed risk of bias, and conducted random‐effects network meta‐analysis and meta‐regression.

Results

We identified 32 studies with 90 rVE estimates from five randomized and 27 observational studies (71,459,918 vaccinated participants). rVE estimates varied across studies and influenza seasons. Pooled rVE from randomized studies was 20% (95% CI −54 to 59) and 25% (95% CI −19 to 53) for ADJ and HD compared with SD, respectively; rVE was 6% (95% CI −109 to 58) for HD compared with ADJ; these differences were not statistically significant. In observational studies, ADJ, HD, and RIV conferred modestly increased protection compared with SD (rVE ranging from 10% to 19%), with no significant differences between HD, ADJ, and RIV. With enhanced vaccines combined, rVE versus SD was 18% (95% CI 3 to 32) from randomized and 11% (95% CI 8 to 14) from observational evidence. Meta‐regression of observational studies suggested that those requiring laboratory confirmation of influenza reported greater benefit of enhanced vaccines.

Conclusions

HD, ADJ, and RIV provided stronger protection than SD against influenza hospitalizations among older adults. No differences in benefit were observed in comparisons of enhanced influenza vaccines with one another.
Platform design and rent extraction*
Authors: Piolatto Amedeo , Schuett Florian
Published: September 2024

We study the design of online platforms that aggregate information and facilitate transactions. Leading players in the industry (e.g., the Booking Group) hold two types of platforms in their portfolio: revealing platforms that disclose the identity of transaction partners (like Booking.com) and anonymous platforms that do not (like Hotwire.com). Anonymous platforms offer discounts but lead to inefficient matching between consumers and firms. We develop a model in which horizontally differentiated firms sell to heterogeneous consumers both directly and via a platform that enlarges the pool of consumers they can attract. The platform charges firms for transactions it intermediates and can choose to offer an anonymous sales channel in addition to a revealing one. We show that offering both sales channels is profitable not only because it allows the platform to implement price discrimination, as suggested by the literature on opaque selling, but also because it improves rent extraction. The anonymous channel breaks the link between the price on the revealing channel and the firms' outside option; moreover, it can reduce double marginalisation. The welfare impact of the anonymous channel is ambiguous: while it sometimes leads to market expansion, it also causes inefficiently high transport costs.
Fungus gnat pollination in Arisaema urashima: the interplay of lethal traps and mutualistic nurseries
Authors: Suetsugu K. , Nishigaki H. , Sato R. , Kakishima S. , Ishitani E. , Fukushima S. , Sugiura S. , Sueyoshi M.
Published: September 2024

While most flowering plants engage in mutualistic interactions with their pollinators, Arisaema species employ a unique, seemingly antagonistic strategy by imprisoning and causing the pollinators to perish within their spathes. Recent studies have revealed that Arisaema thunbergii primarily relies on a fungus gnat, Leia ishitanii, with some individuals possibly escaping female spathes after oviposition.

We investigated interactions between A. urashima and its pollinating fungus gnats, given that A. urashima is closely related to A. thunbergii. Specifically, we tested whether decaying A. urashima serve as brood‐sites for some pollinators and whether these pollinators can escape seemingly lethal floral traps. We retrieved A. urashima spathes together with adult insect corpses trapped within the spathes and incubated the spathes to see if conspecific insects emerged. In addition, under laboratory conditions, we observed the escape behaviour of Sciophila yokoyamai, whose next‐generation adults most frequently emerge from the decaying spathes.

Our findings indicate that S. yokoyamai almost always escapes from the female spathe after oviposition while using the inflorescence as a nursery. In contrast, other pollinators of A. urashima, including Mycetophila spp., remain trapped and perished within the spathes.

This study demonstrates that A. urashima spathes can function both as lethal traps and mutualistic nurseries, with outcomes differing among pollinator species. Our results also suggest that the contribution of certain pollinators to Arisaema reproduction is underestimated or even neglected, given that information on their pollinator assemblages has been based on floral visitors trapped within the inflorescences.
Effect of grafting tomato onto Solanum torvum on the population dynamics of Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica and crop yield losses
Authors: Fullana Aïda Magdalena , Expósito Alejandro , Pujolà Montserrat , Achaerandio Isabel , Cunquero Marina , Loza‐Alvarez Pablo , Giné Ariadna , Sorribas Francisco Javier
Published: September 2024

Meloidogyne spp. are the most devastating plant‐parasitic nematodes affecting tomato worldwide. Although resistant cultivars and rootstocks are used, selection for virulence occurs in the pathogen. Consequently, using other resistance sources, such as Solanum torvum, could improve resistance durability. Several experiments in microplots and plastic greenhouses were carried out to determine the potential use of S. torvum as a tomato rootstock to protect against M. incognita and M. javanica. In microplots, the relationship between nematode density at transplanting (Pi) and multiplication rate did not differ between Meloidogyne species in either ungrafted or grafted tomato. However, maximum multiplication rate and maximum density on grafted tomato were 1.27% and 2.93% those on ungrafted, respectively. The grafted tomato plants yielded between 2.9 and 7.5 more times than the ungrafted plants at Pi ≥ 100 eggs + J2s per 100 cm3 of soil, but no differences were observed in plastic greenhouse where a large amount of scion‐rooting occurred. In microplots, the quality of the tomato fruits of ungrafted and grafted plants was affected by the Pi. In parallel, some pot experiments were conducted on S. torvum and susceptible eggplant to determine the putative selection for nematode virulence to S. torvum and the nematode fitness cost. These showed that the nematode subpopulations infected and reproduced less on S. torvum than on eggplant. However, the female fertility was only reduced after development of three or four subpopulations on S. torvum. Finally, a histopathological study showed that nematode infection and development in S. torvum was delayed compared to eggplant.
Pathotypes and races of Pseudoperonospora cubensis: Two concepts of virulence differentiation
Authors: Lebeda Aleš , Křístková Eva , Sedláková Božena
Published: September 2024

Pseudoperonospora cubensis, causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew, is a common and highly variable pathogen of cucurbit vegetables. Pathogen virulence can be considered on two different levels, that is, pathotypes and races. Pathotypes characterize the interactions between pathogen isolates and the set of genotypes represented by different species and/or genera of the host plant family. Races are characterized by the interactions between pathogen isolates and the set of genotypes (e.g., cultivars, lines, accessions) of one host species (or very closely related species). Differential sets for pathotype and/or race determination are composed of distinct (different) genotypes. Until recently, only differentiation of pathotypes was used to characterize P. cubensis. Most recent research of virulence variation in P. cubensis populations in the Czech Republic working with the Cucumis melo differential set demonstrated the existence of a large number of races of this pathogen. The differential capacity of this set was primarily created for the determination and denomination of virulence phenotypes/races of cucurbit powdery mildew (Golovinomyces orontii, Podosphaera xanthii). However, this set is also efficient for differentiating virulence phenotypes in P. cubensis. This means that one set of C. melo differential genotypes can be used for two independent plant–pathogen systems: cucurbit powdery mildew and cucurbit downy mildew. Results showed that isolates of P. cubensis developing identical virulence reaction patterns at the level of pathotype, develop different reaction patterns at the level of races and vice versa. It is demonstrated and explained that pathotypes and races are two different categories for the assessment of virulence variation, which should be clearly defined, recognized and used within international scientific and breeding communities.
The use of air abrasion method to treat caries in autistic patients at the age of 6 years: A non‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kuvatbayeva Urnissyam A. , Iskakova Maryam K.
Published: September 2024

Background

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) encompass a range of conditions characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication. Managing dental treatment for children with autism presents challenges due to their reluctance to interact with dentists, which can be as high as 65%.

Objectives

This prospective non‐randomized study, conducted at the Kazakh‐Russian Medical University from January 15, 2023, to June 20, 2023, aimed to assess the efficacy of air abrasion caries treatment (AAbCT) compared to the standard method.

Intervention

The intervention involved applying air abrasion (AAb) treatment without anesthesia using aluminum oxide powder in the AAbCT group, while the control group received cavity preparation with local anesthesia.

Results

In this study, it was noted that the AAb method of tooth preparation was not different in efficacy from the traditional method for a population of children with autism, and could be used without anesthesia. A greater willingness to cooperate was noted (p = .0372).

Conclusion

The AAb is an effective and safe treatment for children with ASD. Further studies needed to investigate its efficacy and safety in combination with behavioral interventions.
Daily within‐fluctuations in need frustration and implications for employee recovery and well‐being: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Olafsen Anja H. , Kujanpää Miika , Bentzen Marte
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Daily variations in frustration of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) have received limited attention. This mixed‐methods study examines such daily variations and their relations to recovery from work and employee well‐being.

Method

The study uses multilevel modeling of repeated measures through daily surveys from a period of 8 working days across 2 consecutive weeks, combined with in‐depth interviews. A sample of 54 Norwegian health‐care workers completed a total of 242 daily surveys, and follow‐up interviews were conducted with 10 participants.

Results

Quantitative results showed that need frustration at work fluctuates from day to day, with competence frustration notably impairing recovery (i.e., lower psychological detachment and relaxation) and increasing ill‐being (i.e., higher exhaustion and negative work affect). Autonomy frustration was related to increased exhaustion and sleep complaints, while relatedness frustration showed no significant relation to recovery, ill‐being, or sleep. Qualitative findings corroborated and expanded on these results, offering deepened insights into how competence and, sometimes, relatedness need frustration hampered the recovery process and sleep.

Conclusion

The results of the current study add to the scarce body of literature on daily fluctuations in need frustration at work and its adverse consequences.
Revisiting the seminal studies of attachment formation and reevaluating what it means to become attached
Authors: Freeman Harry
Published: September 2024

What does it mean to become attached? Three longitudinal studies established the empirical basis for the existing four‐phase model of attachment formation, a model that has remained unmodified and unexamined for over half a century. In this paper, I revisit the research questions, methods, and findings from the seminal studies to reevaluate the current model. The evidence indicates two distinct definitions of attachment onset. In the first two phases of the model, becoming attached is defined by changes in within‐subject behaviors leading to the selection of a discriminated figure. Defined this way, attachment onset is analogous to how bond formation is currently defined in other mammals and how imprinting is understood in birds. In contrast, the third and fourth phases of the model define attachment onset by forming a goal‐corrected relationship. This second definition is human‐centric and relies on secure base behavior as the signature criterion, the same criteria used to classify secure and insecure patterns of attachment. I argue for a narrower definition of attachment by removing goal‐corrected behavior as a criterion and focusing on the normative process of selection. In addition, I integrate contemporary work on pair bonding in humans and other animals to propose new avenues for conceptualizing and studying attachment formation in infancy and beyond in filial and sexual bonds.
Developmental differences in young children's implied use of cognitive resources in their self‐regulation strategies
Authors: Cardwell Gabrielle Sky , Cole Pamela M. , Weaver Brooke , Leadbeater Jenna M. , Lunkenheimer Erika S. , Buss Kristin A. , Gatzke‐Kopp Lisa , Ram Nilam
Published: September 2024

The emergence of self‐regulation during the preschool years is due, in part, to children's development of cognitive resources that can regulate their behavior. However, there is little direct evidence that age influences the extent to which young children's strategies involve such resources. We investigated age differences in the extent that young children's strategies imply cognitive resources. A sample of 154 children (77 girls; M age 45.15 months, range 30–60 months) and mothers from middle‐class families (M income = $89,541) in a small mid‐Atlantic American city (94.2% White). They participated in a 9‐min delayed reward task in which mothers told children they must wait to open a gift; children were reminded every 3 min. The latency, frequency, and average duration of the extent to which children's strategies implied cognitive resources were examined in relation to task time and age. In line with Kopp's framework, results from multilevel models indicated older preschool‐age children engaged strategies implying higher‐level cognitive resources more quickly and frequently, but not longer than younger children. Regardless of age, children engaged cognitive resources more quickly, more often, and longer in the first 3 min of the task than later in the task, suggesting that such engagement was not sustained. The findings are discussed in terms of both the emergence and complexities of regulatory strategy development.
Evaluating Urban Land Resource Carrying Capacity With Geographically Weighted Principal Component Analysis: A Case Study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Lu Binbin , Shi Yilin , Qin Sixian , Yue Peng , Zheng Jianghua , Harris Paul
Published: September 2024

With the rapid urbanization in China, urban land resources gradually become the core of urban development. This study spatially evaluated the urban land resource carrying capacity (LRCC) with a case study of the built‐up area in Wuhan from 2015 to 2020. Following an evaluation index system, five critical LRCC indicators, including population density, GDP per land area, plot ratio, building density, and road network density, were selected by an analytical hierarchical process. The synthesis of indicators, however, is usually challengeable due to homogeneous assumptions of traditional techniques. In this study, we adopted a local technique, geographically weighted principal component analysis, to calculate a comprehensive carrying pressure (CCP) concerning spatially varying contributions of each indicator on their synthesis across different geographic locations. On mapping these spatial outputs of the built‐up area in Wuhan, the highest CCP was found in the central areas, where population size tends to be influential and the dominant variable in 62.69% of subdistricts. Furthermore, increased construction over the 5 years has led to an increased CCP in some of the peripheries of the built‐up area, and 55.22% of subdistricts show rising changes. With the GWPCA technique, this framework works well in evaluating and analyzing urban LRCC from a new local perspective.
Effects of the angle of head‐down tilt on dynamic cerebral autoregulation during combined exposure to cephalad fluid shift and mild hypercapnia
Authors: Kato Tomokazu , Ogawa Yojiro , Iwasaki Ken‐ichi
Published: September 2024

Astronauts experience combined exposure to a cephalad fluid shift and mild hypercapnia during space missions, potentially contributing to health problems. Such combined exposure may weaken dynamic cerebral autoregulation. The magnitude of cephalad fluid shift varies between individuals, and dynamic cerebral autoregulation may be affected more by greater cephalad fluid shift during combined exposure. We evaluated the dose‐dependent effects of head‐down tilt (HDT) on dynamic cerebral autoregulation during acute combined exposure to HDT and 3% CO2 inhalation. Twenty healthy participants were randomly exposed to three angles of HDT (−5°HDT+CO2, −15°HDT+CO2 and −30°HDT+CO2). After 15 min of rest, participants inhaled room air for 10 min in a horizontal body position, then inhaled 3% CO2 for 10 min under HDT. The last 6 min of data were used for analysis in each stage. Arterial pressure waveforms were obtained using finger blood pressure, and blood velocity waveforms in the middle cerebral artery were obtained using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation was evaluated by transfer function analysis between waveforms. Statistical analysis was performed by two‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance. The index of transfer function gain in the low‐frequency range increased significantly with −15°HDT+CO2 and −30°HDT+CO2, but no changes were seen with −5°HDT+CO2. Phase in the low‐frequency range decreased significantly with all three protocols. These results of significant changes in indexes of both gain and phase during combined exposure to steep HDT (−15° to −30°) and 3% CO2 inhalation suggest weakened dynamic cerebral autoregulation with the combination of moderate cephalad fluid shift and mild hypercapnia.
Thrombosed persistent median artery in a medical sonographer
Authors: Leinfelder Stephen , Nacey Nicholas C
Published: September 2024

The use of gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasound as a first-line imaging modality for wrist pain can be advantageous, especially in cases of clinically suspected carpal tunnel syndrome. This report presents the case of a medical sonographer who exhibited acute wrist pain secondary to a thrombosed persistent median artery after excessive stress loading on her scanningwrist. Ultrasound is able to easily diagnose this rare condition, which may at times be associated with carpal tunnel symptoms due to mass effect from the expanded aberrant artery.
The impact of deep learning on diagnostic performance in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules
Authors: Kaba Esat , Solak Merve , Varlık Ayşenur Topçu , Çubukçu Yusuf , Sağır Lütfullah , Sünnetci Kubilay Muhammed , Alkan Ahmet , Gündoğdu Hasan , Çeliker Fatma Beyazal , Beyazal Mehmet
Published: September 2024

Aims: This study aims to use deep learning (DL) to classify thyroid nodules as benign and malignant with ultrasonography (US). In addition, this study investigates the impact of DL on the diagnostic success of radiologists with different experiences. Material and methods: This study included 576 US images of thyroid nodules. The dataset was divided into 80% training and 20% test sets. Four radiologists with different levels of experience classified the images in the test set as benign-malignant. A DL model was then trained with the train set and predicted benign-malignant for the test set. Then, the output of the DL model for each nodule in the test set was presented to 4 radiologists, who were asked to make a benign-malignant classification again considering these DL results.Results: The accuracy of the DL model was 0.9391. The accuracy for junior resident (JR) 1, JR 2, senior resident (SR), and senior radiologist (Srad) before DL-assisting were 0.7043, 0.7826, 0.8435, and 0.8522 respectively. The accuracy in DL-assisted classifications was 0.9130, 0.8696, 0.9304, and 0.9043 for JR 1, JR2, SR, and Srad, respectively. DL assistance changed the decisions of less experienced radiologists more than more experienced radiologists. Conclusion: The DL model has superior accuracy in classifying thyroid nodules as benign-malignant with US images than radiologists with different levels of experience. Additionally, all radiologists, and most notably less experienced radiology residents, increased their accuracy in DL-assisted predictions.
Korean Dual-Career Judokas’ Junior-to-Senior Transition: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hong Hee Jung , Hong Seung Han
Published: September 2024

This study adopts the athletic career transition model to explore the experiences of Korean dual-career (DC) judokas during their junior-to-senior transition using a longitudinal approach. We recruited 12 Korean elite judokas, all of whom were in their first year of university during their initial interview. Participants were organized into three focus groups, with three rounds of interviews conducted over approximately 2 years, totaling nine focus-group sessions. Thematic analysis was applied, which led to the identification of three key themes: (a) multifaceted challenges, (b) coping strategies, and (c) perceived needs of DC athletes prioritizing sport over study. The results indicate that Korean DC judokas share some common challenges (e.g., increased training demands, balancing their studies with training demands) with their European counterparts, but they also face unique challenges (e.g., managing weight control, laundry duties, and relationships with senior judokas) specific to the Korean judokas. Their coping strategies include both internal resources (e.g., focusing on performance target, utilizing resilience) and external ones (e.g., seeking social support), emphasizing the critical role of psychological support during their junior-to-senior transition. Proactive psychological support is recommended through a specialized system tailored to this group. Given that Korean DC judokas significantly prioritize sport over education, this system should also address balancing both sport and education.
Integrin signaling in pluripotent cells acts as a gatekeeper of mouse germline entry
Authors: Makhlouf Aly , Wang Anfu , Sato Nanami , Rosa Viviane S. , Shahbazi Marta N.
Published: September 2024

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of gametes and the sole mechanism by which animals transmit genetic information across generations. In the mouse embryo, the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of PGC specification has been extensively characterized. However, the initial event that triggers the soma-germline segregation remains poorly understood. Here, we uncover a critical role for the basement membrane in regulating germline entry. We show that PGCs arise in a region of the mouse embryo that lacks contact with the basement membrane, and the addition of exogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) inhibits both PGC and PGC-like cell (PGCLC) specification in mouse embryos and stem cell models, respectively. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the engagement of β1 integrin with laminin blocks PGCLC specification by preventing the Wnt signaling–dependent down-regulation of the PGC transcriptional repressor, Otx2. In this way, the physical segregation of cells away from the basement membrane acts as a morphogenetic fate switch that controls the soma-germline bifurcation.
BioID-based intact cell interactome of the Kv1.3 potassium channel identifies a Kv1.3-STAT3-p53 cellular signaling pathway
Authors: Prosdocimi Elena , Carpanese Veronica , Todesca Luca Matteo , Varanita Tatiana , Bachmann Magdalena , Festa Margherita , Bonesso Daniele , Perez-Verdaguer Mireia , Carrer Andrea , Velle Angelo , Peruzzo Roberta , Muccioli Silvia , Doni Davide , Leanza Luigi , Costantini Paola , Stein Frank , Rettel Mandy , Felipe Antonio , Edwards Michael J. , Gulbins Erich , Cendron Laura , Romualdi Chiara , Checchetto Vanessa , Szabo Ildiko
Published: September 2024

Kv1.3 is a multifunctional potassium channel implicated in multiple pathologies, including cancer. However, how it is involved in disease progression is not fully clear. We interrogated the interactome of Kv1.3 in intact cells using BioID proximity labeling, revealing that Kv1.3 interacts with STAT3– and p53–linked pathways. To prove the relevance of Kv1.3 and of its interactome in the context of tumorigenesis, we generated stable melanoma clones, in which ablation of Kv1.3 remodeled gene expression, reduced proliferation and colony formation, yielded fourfold smaller tumors, and decreased metastasis in vivo in comparison to WT cells. Kv1.3 deletion or pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial Kv1.3 increased mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species release, decreased STAT3 phosphorylation, stabilized the p53 tumor suppressor, promoted metabolic switch, and altered the expression of several BioID-identified Kv1.3-networking proteins in tumor tissues. Collectively, our work revealed the tumor-promoting Kv1.3-interactome landscape, thus opening the way to target Kv1.3 not only as an ion-conducting entity but also as a signaling hub.
High absorptivity nanotextured powders for additive manufacturing
Authors: Tertuliano Ottman A. , DePond Philip J. , Lee Andrew C. , Hong Jiho , Doan David , Capaldi Luc , Brongersma Mark , Gu X. Wendy , Matthews Manyalibo J. , Cai Wei , Lew Adrian J.
Published: September 2024

The widespread application of metal additive manufacturing (AM) is limited by the ability to control the complex interactions between the energy source and the feedstock material. Here, we develop a generalizable process to introduce nanoscale grooves to the surface of metal powders which increases the powder absorptivity by up to 70% during laser powder bed fusion. Absorptivity enhancements in copper, copper-silver, and tungsten enable energy-efficient manufacturing, with printing of pure copper at relative densities up to 92% using laser energy densities as low as 83 joules per cubic millimeter. Simulations show that the enhanced powder absorptivity results from plasmon-enabled light concentration in nanoscale grooves combined with multiple scattering events. The approach taken here demonstrates a general method to enhance the absorptivity and printability of reflective and refractory metal powders by changing the surface morphology of the feedstock without altering its composition.
Birds as reservoirs: unraveling the global spread of Gamma- and Deltacoronaviruses
Authors: Guo Jinyue , He Jieheng , Liang Zhaoping , Huang Shujian , Wen Feng
Published: September 2024

Avian migration is a global phenomenon that transcends geographical boundaries. These migratory birds serve as unwitting carriers of diverse Gammacoronaviruses (γ-CoVs) and Deltacoronaviruses (δ-CoVs). While recombination events have been documented among γ-CoVs in avian species and β-CoVs in mammals, evidence for recombination between CoVs of distinct genera remains limited. This minireview examines the prevalence of CoVs in both domestic waterfowl (ducks and geese) and wild bird populations inhabiting various regions. We investigate the dissemination patterns of γ-CoVs and δ-CoVs among these populations, highlighting their shared characteristics. Furthermore, the review explores the intricate web of cross-species transmission of δ-CoVs from wild birds to mammals, with a particular focus on pigs. Understanding the distinct features of CoVs harbored by waterfowl and wild birds and their potential for cross-species transmission is crucial for preparedness and response to future CoV epidemics.
Cardiac arrest with severe airway stenosis due to retropharyngeal haematoma secondary to Stanford type B acute aortic dissection
Authors: Yamamoto Nobuhiro , Kikuta Shota , Inoue Akihiko , Ishihara Satoshi
Published: September 2024

This was the case of a male patient in his 60s, who suddenly collapsed. When the ambulance team arrived, the initial waveform was pulseless electrical activity; accordingly, a supraglottic airway device was inserted, and the patient was immediately transported to a referring hospital. On arrival, the patient resumed spontaneous circulation, the patient was diagnosed with Stanford type B acute aortic dissection and was referred to the author’s hospital, where diffuse swelling of the anterior cervical region was revealed. CT performed by the previous hospital revealed compression of the trachea. The cause of cardiac arrest was considered to be severe airway stenosis secondary to a retropharyngeal haematoma associated with Stanford type B acute aortic dissection. Stanford type B acute aortic dissection can be complicated by retropharyngeal haematomas, which can lead to airway obstruction and even cardiac arrest. This condition also requires careful airway examination.
Post nephrectomy metachronous testicular metastasis in a case of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)
Authors: Ghorai Rudra Prasad , Kumar Sanjay , Aggarwal Vaibhav , Kaushal Seema
Published: September 2024

It is highly uncommon for solid tumours to metastasise to the testis. Here, we report a case of metachronous testicular metastasis from clear cell renal cell cancer (RCC) in a male patient 3 years after left radical nephrectomy. Ultrasound of the scrotum showed a 3.5 cm × 4 cm left testicular mass with normal serum tumour markers. The patient underwent left high inguinal orchidectomy, which revealed metastatic renal cell carcinoma. CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis showed multiple liver secondaries. Cabozantinib was started for metastatic RCC, and the patient showed no evidence of disease progression in a follow-up of 1 year.
MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF AN AZ31 ALLOY PLATE PROCESSED WITH ECAP AND ELECTRO PULSING TREATMENT
Authors: SARAVANAN K. , JAYA BALAKRISHNAN D. , RAJ JAWAHAR R. , SARANYA S. N.
Published: September 2024

The electro-pulsing treatment (EPT) method enhanced material properties, such as recrystallization, structure, microstructural recrystallization, and grain refinement. The EPT precipitation behavior of the [Formula: see text]-Mg[Formula: see text]Al[Formula: see text] Phase in the AZ31 composite was inspected using SEM and EBSD patterns. The experimental outcomes indicate that the EPT process efficiently achieved a spherical Mg[Formula: see text]Al[Formula: see text]phase (nearly 310 nm) and a regular UFG structure (almost 890[Formula: see text]nm). AZ31 alloys with strengthened texture after EPT for 40[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m for 3[Formula: see text]min. Structural characteristics, recrystallization, and microstructure grain enhancement can be achieved through performing EPT at the lowest temperature over a short period of time.
Character groups of metacyclic groups
Authors: Stevenson Justin A.
Published: September 2024

Pontryagin duality provides a powerful tool for analyzing the structure and properties of locally compact abelian groups, in particular finite abelian groups. Now much can be done with non-abelian groups via the construction of character groups. In this paper, we provide a set of conditions a group must satisfy to be realized as a balanced character group for a metacyclic group. Furthermore, we provide a classification for the balanced character groups of a particular class of metacyclic groups, the dicyclic groups.
On associated graded modules of maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules over hypersurface rings-II
Authors: Mishra Ankit , Puthenpurakal Tony J.
Published: September 2024

If [Formula: see text] is a hypersurface ring of dimension [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is an MCM [Formula: see text]-module with [Formula: see text], then we prove that depth [Formula: see text].
Neurodivergent Legitimacy in Computing Spaces
Authors: Kirdani-Ryan Mara , Ko Amy J.
Published: September 2024

For computing to serve humanity, computing spaces must be safe for all individuals. While prior work has surfaced how hegemonic racial and gendered expectations manifest in computing, it has only indirectly attended to expectations surrounding neurodivergence. As computing stereotypes largely align with stereotypes of some neurodivergent individuals, we investigated whether computing legitimized neurodivergent traits over neuronormative ones. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 students, faculty, and industry professionals, sampling both neurodivergent-identifying and non-neurodivergent-identifying participants. We found that computing legitimized hyper-focus, deep “special” interests, and high organization, and that fitting these expectations was frequently required for persistence. Some neurodivergent-identifying participants felt that computing provided refuge from societal neuronormative expectations, though one’s sense of refuge depended on sufficiently fitting computing’s neurodivergent expectations. We offer reflections on inclusion and belonging efforts within computing, as well as directions for future work that attends to individuals’ neurodivergent identities.
Algorithmic Bias in Criminal Risk Assessment: The Consequences of Racial Differences in Arrest as a Measure of Crime
Authors: Neil Roland , Zanger-Tishler Michael
Published: September 2024

There is great concern about algorithmic racial bias in the risk assessment instruments (RAIs) used in the criminal legal system. When testing for algorithmic bias, most research effectively uses arrest data as an unbiased measure of criminal offending, which collides with longstanding concerns that arrest is a biased proxy of offending. Given the centrality of arrest data in RAIs, racial differences in how arrest proxies offending may be a key pathway through which RAIs become biased. In this review, we evaluate the extensive body of research on racial differences in arrest as a measure of crime. Furthermore, we detail several ways that racial bias in arrest records could create algorithmic bias, although little research has attempted to measure the degree of algorithmic bias generated by using racially biased arrest records. We provide a roadmap to assist future research in understanding the impact of biased arrest records on RAIs.
Investments in Policing and Community Safety
Authors: Chalfin Aaron
Published: September 2024

I review the empirical literature on the effects of police staffing, police deployment, and styles of police enforcement. When cities put more police officers on the street, crime and violence have declined without a corresponding increase in arrests for the types of serious offenses that are most likely to lead to imprisonment. Investments in police therefore have the potential to generate a double dividend for society, reducing serious crime without driving up incarceration rates. At the same time, when cities have hired more police, those officers have ended up making many more quality-of-life arrests for minor crimes, thus widening the net of the justice system. The benefits of policing can be maximized and the costs can be minimized when police eschew strategies that revolve explicitly around making large numbers of stops and arrests and instead focus their efforts on more precise and problem-oriented approaches.
Comprehensive Analysis of Commercial Sodium-Ion Batteries: Structural and Electrochemical Insights
Authors: Dorau Filip Adam , Sommer Alessandro , Koloch Jan , Röß-Ohlenroth Richard , Schreiber Markus , Neuner Maximilian , Abo Gamra Kareem , Lin Yilei , Schöberl Jan , Bilfinger Philip , Grabmann Sophie , Stumper Benedikt , Katzenmeier Leon , Lienkamp Markus , Daub Rüdiger
Published: September 2024

Considering the growing need for extensive energy storage solutions in smart grid technologies and affordable options for entry-level electric vehicles, sodium-ion batteries offer a promising alternative. They use raw materials that are cheaper, less toxic, and more abundant than those used in lithium-ion batteries, making them especially suitable for large-scale applications. This study comprehensively investigated four commercially available sodium-ion batteries to examine their structural and electrochemical characteristics. The cells were dissected, and the electrode dimensions, the areal mass loadings, and the material compositions were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Electrical characterization, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, C-rate testing up to 6 C under different ambient temperatures, along with cyclic aging studies, provided insights into the cells’ performance and degradation mechanisms. The findings highlighted variations in electrode coatings, particle sizes, and cathode materials among the cells, which were then correlated with their electrical behavior. This emphasized the challenges in maintaining sodium-ion battery performance, especially at low temperatures. This study was designed to establish a comprehensive knowledge base for both academic and industrial research in sodium-ion battery technology.
Pediatric Functional Constipation: A New Challenge
Authors: Bashir Samina Khan , Khan Muhammad Bashir
Published: September 2024

Functional constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder worldwide in children, adolescents, and adults. Functional constipation is persistent, difficult, and infrequent hard stooling with incomplete rectal emptying that does not have an identifiable cause, such as underlying illness, anatomical abnormality, or medication, and is a diagnosis of exclusion that causes psychological and physical symptoms in the individual. For early identification of functional constipation in children, a physician must exclude organic causes in children by history, physical examination, and lab studies. Multiple complex pathophysiological mechanisms have been linked to childhood constipation, in which stool‐withholding behavior is the most common factor. Toilet training along with osmotic laxative use is currently the common therapy for childhood constipation. Despite being a common condition and with novel therapies such as prosecretory agents, neuromodulation, and transanal irrigation modalities, it is challenging sometimes to manage constipation in children. This is due to a lack of knowledge among parents and children about the nature of constipation which causes poor adherence to the treatment and ultimately worsen the condition. The complaint of constipation in a child should not be ignored as early evaluation and treatment is beneficial for the child’s physical and psychological growth. More research is needed to prevent functional constipation in children. This review article highlights the factors responsible for pediatric functional constipation, its management, novel therapies, and challenges to managing this condition.
A Secure Fault Identification Approach for MMC‐HVDC Network
Authors: Rana Kiran , Biswal Monalisa , Kishor Nand , Negi Richa
Published: September 2024

In high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, the occurrence of short circuits results in a rapid rise in line current, adversely affecting the interconnected alternating current (AC) grid. Particularly in voltage source‐based multimodular converter (MMC) HVDC networks, such transients pose a significant threat to power converter units. Traditional relaying algorithms prove inadequate for safeguarding AC‐DC‐linked HVDC networks. Both the direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) segments of such networks demand robust protection mechanisms. Signal processing‐based techniques offer valuable insights during fault events, yet challenges such as noise interference, mode missing, and harmonics generation during faults persist, leading to erroneous conclusions. To address this, we introduce Synchro Squeezed Transform (SST) in this study to mitigate ambiguity in relaying algorithm decisions. SST facilitates the extraction of amplitude and effective instantaneous frequency of AC signals. The proposed method employs the Rényi entropy of time‐frequency representation (TFR) as the primary logic, followed by the estimation of the spectrum‐based Teager–Kaiser Energy Operator (TKEO) for DC signals as the secondary logic. These combined logics enable the identification of various AC and DC faults in Voltage Source Converter (VSC)‐based bipolar HVDC networks. Simulation results, including comparisons with existing approaches, demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology in enhancing fault detection and classification accuracy in AC‐DC‐linked HVDC networks.
Scenario on Production, Processing, and Utilization of Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) in Agromarginal Geographies and Its Future Prospects
Authors: Yegrem Lamesgen , Fikre Asnake , Alelign Shashitu
Published: September 2024

Grasspeas are environmentally successful and robust legumes with major traits of interest for food and nutrition security. It is a critical crop in areas prone to drought, overmoisture stress, and famine, hence, regarded as an “insurance crop” because of its inherent resilience of climatic calamities. The current status and prospects of grasspea, as well as various breeding and food processing approaches to improve this crop for integration in diverse and sustainable agrifood systems, are discussed in this review. Grasspeas are often the source of important micronutrients and proteins (18%–34%), saving peoples’ lives during famine. Grasspea consumption is increasing in some countries; however, uninterrupted consumption of grasspea should be avoided, especially when they are green or unripe and when they are raw. Effective food processing techniques are essential to reduce the neurotoxic hazards associated with eating grasspea. Several effective processing steps can be used to reduce toxicity in addition to the development of toxin‐free varieties for production and consumption. With advances in the scientific investigation of the grasspea, integration of genetics, processing, and behavioral components has been suggested.
Wedelolactone Mitigates Alcoholic Steatohepatitis via Modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB Pathway
Authors: Jiang Tao , Hu Bingde , Li Yongxia , Yu Shuihong
Published: September 2024

Background. Wedelolactone (WEL) has demonstrated anti‐inflammatory properties. However, the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanisms of WEL against alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate these aspects using animal and cell models. Methods and Results. The animals were categorized into the Pair‐fed, ethanol‐fed, ethanol + low‐dose WEL, and ethanol + high‐dose WEL groups. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐6 in the ethanol + WEL group exhibited a dose‐dependent decrease. Histopathological evaluations revealed that WEL mitigated liver injury, lipid accumulation, and macrophage infiltration provoked by alcohol consumption and a high‐fat diet in mice. Network pharmacology analysis identified the toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway as the primary target of WEL in treating ASH. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated WEL’s strong binding affinity with TLR4. Immunofluorescence results highlighted that WEL downregulated the heightened TLR4 expression induced by alcohol and a high‐fat diet. Additionally, RAW264.7 and AML‐12 cells were stimulated with ethanol to establish an in vitro model. WEL treatment resulted in reduced mRNA and protein levels of alcohol‐induced inflammatory mediators, downregulation of TLR4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) expression, and inhibition of nuclear translocation of NF‐κB‐P65. Cellular immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated WEL’s ability to reduce alcohol‐induced TLR4 expression. Flow cytometry and western blotting analyses confirmed WEL’s protective effect against ethanol‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Conclusion. WEL may mitigate the impact of ASH by modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB pathway.
Fintech en Chile: Alternativa de bancarización para las personas naturales y jurídicas
Authors: Luco Bravo Dante , Santander González Camila
Published: September 2024

Este trabajo se propuso analizar la industria de las Fintech en Chile, desde sus primeras apariciones hasta ahora, conel fin de evaluar su rol social en la entrega de soluciones a los problemas de acceso al financiamiento propiciando laInclusión Financiera, y mediante el análisis de un caso de interés público, expone los obstáculos que impusieron lasdistintas entidades pertenecientes a las Instituciones Financieras Tradicionales, quienes miraron a esta nueva empresacomo una amenaza a su negocio. Se trata entonces de una investigación con enfoque cualitativo que describe el fenómenorelativamente reciente que apenas se comienza a normar y legislar para entregar información al respecto. Se encontró,que el poco compromiso social que han demostrado los bancos, sumado a la poca confianza e inseguridad que laspersonas tienen con respecto a estos organismos han propiciado el desarrollo de las empresas Fintech.
Supplementary Tables 1 and 2 from RETRACTED: PHGDH Expression Is Required for Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis, Breast Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance, and Lung Metastasis
Authors: Samanta Debangshu , Park Youngrok , Andrabi Shaida A. , Shelton Laura M. , Gilkes Daniele M. , Semenza Gregg L.
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Table S1. Oligonucleotide sequences of shRNAs targeting PHGDH. Table S2. Oligonucleotide sequence of RT-qPCR primers.
Figure 3 from Multistate Gene Cluster Switches Determine the Adaptive Mitochondrial and Metabolic Landscape of Breast Cancer
Authors: Menegollo Michela , Bentham Robert B. , Henriques Tiago , Ng Seow Q. , Ren Ziyu , Esculier Clarinde , Agarwal Sia , Tong Emily T.Y. , Lo Clement , Ilangovan Sanjana , Szabadkai Zorka , Suman Matteo , Patani Neill , Ghanate Avinash , Bryson Kevin , Stein Robert C. , Yuneva Mariia , Szabadkai Gyorgy
Published: September 2024

Oncogenic signaling and cell of origin associates with the biclusters. A, Heatmap of distribution of the top 250 most variable PARADIGM concepts across the bicluster switches in the TCGA-BRCA dataset. The term values were obtained from Berger and colleagues (30) pan-cancer analysis and hierarchically clustered. Annotations show proliferation, tumor purity, switch identity (UF and LF of MB_1, MB_2, or MB_3), Pam50, and histology classifications. Transcriptomic signatures based on PARADIGM concepts are shown on the right. B, Association of mammary gland cell states (37) and transcriptomic switches in the METABRIC dataset. Two-dimensional distribution plots of samples by two biclusters are shown overlaid with cell-of-origin marker GSVA values. C, Scheme of signaling of the multistate switch in the MB1 and MB3 biclusters.