bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religieuses, laïques et travail social en Haute-Égypte
Authors: Mayeur-Jaouen Catherine
Published: May 2021

C’ est à partir du rôle des femmes catholiques missionnaires, religieuses et laïques, en Haute-Égypte, que l’ on abordera les enjeux du genre à la fin de la monarchie égyptienne et durant la période nassérienne, soit des années 1940 aux années 1970. Les religieuses catholiques européennes étaient très nombreuses à la fin de la monarchie égyptienne ; mais la période vit éclore des initiatives masculines pour appeler à un travail missionnaire féminin nouveau. Le jésuite égyptien Henry Ayrout recruta de jeunes laïques dans le cadre de l’ Association de Haute-Égypte (AHE) qu’ il avait fondée en 1940 pour mener un travail d’ alphabétisation et de soins médicaux. En 1960, la mission du Graal à Akhmīm, lancée par des laïques consacrées pour des femmes, marqua un tournant féministe dans l’ histoire des missions de Haute-Égypte. La conjonction des idées de Vatican II et de la politique développementaliste de l’ État nassérien permit à la fois la prise de pouvoir des laïcs et des laïques au sein de l’ Association de Haute-Égypte, et l’ essor des implantations de religieuses en Haute-Égypte dans les années 1960. Dans les années 1970, dans le mouvement « Justice et Paix », comme à l’ Association de Haute-Égypte, des religieuses et des femmes laïques, désormais en majorité égyptiennes, abordèrent la question de la contraception et la lutte contre l’ excision dans une politique déterminée de promotion de la femme.
Zur Phänomenologie der Aufforderungscharaktere
Authors: Borsato Andrea
Published: May 2021

The author will try to develop the notion of ‘valence’ (‘Aufforderungscharakter’), first introduced in psychology by the work of K. Lewin, from a phenomenological point of view. In a first approximation, an object has valence insofar as it prompts us to action. Valence is an important – although in contemporary philosophy of mind quite neglected – feature of our practical experience. Here we will concentrate on the consciousness of valence and its descriptive features. After distinguishing, on the one hand, ‘valence’ from ‘value’, and pointing out how, on the other hand, ‘valence’ should also not be confused with J.J. Gibson’s ‘affordance’, we will try to develop the implications of this notion beyond the original scope of Lewin’s experimental psychology: on the one hand, by introducing the idea of ‘passive valence’ and, on the other hand, by investigating the relation between valence and emotion and discussing the possibility of ‘emotional valence’.
New Sensitivity Analysis on Graphene Nanoribbon Interconnects to Determine Importance of Parameters
Authors: Zamini Zahra , Khamaneh Soroor Rahimi , Jadidi Amin , Roshanipour Babak
Published: May 2021

In this paper sensitivity of a multilayer graphene nanoribbon (MGNR) interconnects parameters investigated. System sensitivity was studied on parameters like length and width in stable condition. The obtained results show with increasing width and length sensitivity will decrease and
increase respectively. Impulse response diagram results show with increasing 50% width sensitivity will be zero but with increasing 50% length amplitude will decrease and the time of setting will increase. On the other hand from step response of transfer function, both width and length increase
cause more stability for a system but the width parameter will be better choices for manipulating the dimension of MLGNR to reach the stable system.
Quantifying the potential of AQPI gap-filling radar network for streamflow simulation through a WRF-Hydro experiment
Authors: Ma Yingzhao , Chandrasekar V. , Chen Haonan , Cifelli Robert
Published: May 2021

It remains a challenge to provide accurate and timely flood warnings in many parts of the western United States. As part of the Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information (AQPI) project, this study explores the potential of using the AQPI gap-filling radar network for streamflow simulation of selected storm events in the San Francisco Bay Area under a WRF-Hydro modeling system. Two types of watersheds including natural and human-affected among the most flood-prone region of the Bay Area are investigated. Based on the high-resolution AQPI X-band radar rainfall estimates, three basic routing configurations, including Grid, Reach, and National Water Model (NWM), are used to quantify the impact of different model physics options on the simulated streamflow. It is found that the NWM performs better in terms of reproducing streamflow volumes and hydrograph shapes than the other routing configurations when reservoirs exist in the watershed. Additionally, the AQPI X-band radar rainfall estimates (without gauge correction) provide reasonable streamflow simulations, and they show better performance in reproducing the hydrograph peaks compared with the gauge-corrected rainfall estimates based on the operational S-band Next Generation Weather Radar network. Also, sensitivity test reveals that surficial conditions have a significant influence on the streamflow simulation during the storm: the discharge increases to a higher level as the infiltration factor (REFKDT) decreases, and its peak goes down and lags as surface roughness coefficient (Mann) increases. The time delay analysis of precipitation input on the streamflow at the two outfalls of the surveyed watersheds further demonstrates the link between AQPI gap-filling radar observations and streamflow changes in this urban region.
Indigenous methods and knowledge: Maternal health policy and practice in Ethiopia, Africa
Authors: Ibrahima Aissetu B , Kelly Brian L
Published: May 2021

This methodological article explores using Indigenous methodologies to elicit, gather, and report Indigenous knowledge as it relates to maternal health and mortality in the North Wollo Zone of Ethiopia. The authors demonstrate how attention to recruitment procedures (i.e. researcher and research assistant familiarity with the zone), data collection (i.e. interviews, visual dialogues, and observations), and data analysis (i.e. Circles and talking pieces) facilitated the elicitation and gathering of Indigenous knowledge. The authors contend using Indigenous methodologies to elicit, gather, and report Indigenous knowledge is essential to developing and implementing effective maternal health and mortality policies and programs in the region.
And the Heat Goes On: Police Repression and the Modalities of Power
Authors: Liu Howard , Sullivan Christopher M.
Published: May 2021

Among security institutions, police occupy a unique position. In addition to specializing in the repression of dissent, police monitor society and enforce order. Yet within research studying state repression, how police institutions are used and deployed to control domestic threats remain under-explored, particularly as it relates to the dual functionality just described. In this study, we develop and test an explanation of police repression accounting for the bifurcation of Mann’s two modalities of state power: infrastructural power and despotic power. Infrastructural power allocates police resources to surveil dissidents and preemptively limit dissent’s emergence or escalation. Police deploy despotic power through repressive responses to political threats. Empirically, we employ unique data to investigate police repression and the modalities of power in Guatemala. To analyze how shifting the balance between infrastructural and despotic power affects police repression, we isolate damage occurring from an earthquake that exogenously reshaped the landscape of infrastructural power. Results affirm the role of infrastructural power in regulating the despotic power of the state. Where local infrastructure was most affected by the earthquake, the security apparatus lost the capacity to surveil nascent movements and predict their activity, thereby providing opportunity for dissidents to mobilize and forcing police to (over-)react rather than shutdown resistance preemptively. However, the intensity of state violence recedes as the state recovers from the infrastructural damage and regains its control of local district.
Construct Validation of a New Instrument to Measure Declarative Tactical Knowledge in Basketball
Authors: Reis Cleiton Pereira , Morales Juan Carlos Pérez , Gomes Cristiano Mauro Assis , Pereira Fernando de Azevedo Alves , Ibáñez Sergio José
Published: May 2021

Measuring basketball players’ declarative tactical knowledge is relevant to the teaching and learning process. In this study we aimed to verify the construct validity and construct reliability of the Instrument for Measuring Declarative Tactical Knowledge in Basketball (IMDTK-Bb). We recruited 1,188 male basketball athletes aged 10-19 years old. We used confirmatory factor analysis with weighted least squares mean and variance estimator for construct validation and MacDonald´s omega for internal consistency. We established a final model with 17 scenes referring to the declarative tactical knowledge and type of action players used to solve game situations the scenes represented. The final model presented a good Comparative Fit Index (CFI = 1.000), Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI = 1.001) and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA = .000). The reliability index was .779. We conclude that the IMDTK-Bb has good construct validity and can be used in further research.
A novel index for staging hepatitis B related liver cirrhosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Juanhua , Chen Yunyang , Zuo Chaohai , Kuang Naile , Li Ronggang , Li Qing , Ruan Jianqiu , Cui Enming , Xu Ruiyun , Yu Jiexiong
Published: May 2021

Information on the stage of liver cirrhosis is essential for prognostication and decisions on surgical planning for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. But a non-invasive liver cirrhosis staging model is still lacking. The aim of our study was to develop a non-invasive model based on routine clinical parameters to evaluate the severity of cirrhosis in hepatitis B related HCC patients. A total of 226 HCC patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection who had liver resection were analyzed in this retrospective study. We found that platelets, prothrombin activity, maximum oblique diameter of right hepatic lobe and spleen length were the independent predictors of liver cirrhosis in HCC patients. By cumulating the weight of risk scores of independent variables, we constructed the PPMS (PLT/PTA/maximum oblique diameter of right hepatic lob/spleen length) index. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) of PPMS index were 0.820, 0.667, and 0.650 in predicting ≥cirrhosis 1 (C1), ≥cirrhosis 2 (C2), and ≥cirrhosis 3 (C3), respectively. The optimal cut-off value of the PPMS index for predicting ≥C1, ≥C2, and ≥C3 was 4.392, 4.471, and 4.784, respectively. And the corresponding sensitivity was 63.1%, 63.2%, and 64.7%, the corresponding specificity was 89.4%, 64.3%, and 62.5%, respectively. Our study constructed a non-invasive liver cirrhosis index (PPMS) could distinguish patients from different stages of liver cirrhosis, which might add more preoperative information for HCC patients.
The impact of economic growth, FDI, and innovation on environmental efficiency of the logistics industry in provinces along the belt and road in China: An empirical study based on the panel Tobit model
Authors: Guo Mingde , Li Hong , Lin Wen
Published: May 2021

Due to the high-quality development of the Chinese economy, the improvement of environmental efficiency in Chinese industries has become a significant task. Understanding the environmental efficiency of the logistics industry is essential for implementing effective environmental policies. This study aims to explore the impacts of economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), and innovation on the environmental efficiency of the logistics industry. In this paper, we apply the undesirable SBM model to calculate the environmental efficiency of the logistics industry and use the Tobit model to analyze the impacts of economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), and innovation on the environmental efficiency of the logistics industry in provinces along the Belt and Road in China from 2009 to 2018. Based on the results indicate the average environmental efficiency of the logistics industry in Chinese provinces along the Belt and Road is 0.7880, indicating that the environmental efficiency of the logistics industry was generally low in some regions along the belt and road. Innovation and FDI were found have a significant impact on the environmental efficiency, while economic growth fails to significantly impact on the environmental efficiency of the logistics industry in provinces along the Belt and Road. Therefore, we should encourage improvement of the level of environmental efficiency of the logistics industry. It is necessary to realize the co-ordinated development of the logistics industry and the environment through optimization of the development of innovation and transforming the FDI model in provinces along the Belt and Road.
Examining High School Students’ Gendered Beliefs about Math: Predictors and Implications for Choice of STEM College Majors
Authors: Riegle-Crumb Catherine , Peng Menglu
Published: May 2021

Utilizing the High School Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative sample of U.S. high school students, this study investigates the factors that predict different beliefs about gendered math ability and the potential consequences for students’ choices to enter gender-segregated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors in college. Among other results, analyses reveal that while about 25 percent of students report a traditionally stereotypical belief in male superiority, about 20 percent report a counter-stereotypical belief in female superiority; among female students, such beliefs are more common among black students. Further, models reveal a robust association between holding counter-stereotypical beliefs and the likelihood that women choose biological science majors, which are female dominated, compared to non-STEM fields. Among men, holding counter-stereotypical beliefs is associated with a lower likelihood of majoring in physical science, computer science, math, and engineering fields, which are strongly male dominated, versus non-STEM fields. Implications for gender inequality in STEM fields are discussed.
New Structure, Traditional Essence: Patterns of Helping Non-Coresident Parents by Own and Sibling(s)’ Gender in China
Authors: Hou Yifei , Rurka Marissa , Peng Siyun
Published: May 2021

As Chinese households are becoming smaller with increasing numbers of adult children and older parents living apart, the extent to which patterns of parental support reflect traditional gender dynamics is under debate. Integrating theories of sibling compensation with ceremonial giving, we tested whether helping non-coresident parents in China is affected by sibship size and how these patterns depend on own and sibling(s)’ gender using a sample of 4,359 non-coresident parent-child dyads nesting within 3,285 focal adult children from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2013. Opposite to patterns in the United States and Europe, we found substitutions of daughters with sons—having more brothers was associated with daughters’ reduced probabilities and hours of helping. Sons’ patterns of helping were independent of number of brothers and sisters in the family, consistent with the theory of ceremonial giving. These findings reflect the dominance of traditional family dynamics despite changes in family structure.
White Property Interests in College Athletic Admissions
Authors: Hextrum Kirsten
Published: May 2021

Dominant cultural narratives position college sports as engines of racial integration and upward mobility. Previous studies examined the chances for low-income men of color becoming athletes in two sports: men’s football and basketball. While highly visible, these athletes represent the minority of participants. The majority of college athletes are White and middle class. In this conceptual article, I apply Cheryl Harris’ whiteness as property framework to identify the institutional conditions that prevent college sports from functioning as integrative and mobility engines and instead protect Whites’ privileged access to higher education via sport.
Patient Safety/Quality Improvement Primer, Part III: The Role of Simulation
Authors: Deutsch Ellen S. , Malekzadeh Sonya , Schmalbach Cecelia E.
Published: May 2021

Simulation training has taken a prominent role in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OTO‐HNS) as a means to ensure patient safety and quality improvement (PS/QI). While it is often equated to resident training, this tool has value in lifelong learning and extends beyond the individual otolaryngologists to include simulation‐based learning for teams and health systems processes. Part III of this PS/QI primer provides an overview of simulation in medicine and specific applications within the field of OTO‐HNS. The impact of simulation on PS/QI will be presented in an evidence‐based fashion to include the use of run and statistical process control charts to assess the impact of simulation‐guided initiatives. Last, steps in developing a simulation program focused on PS/QI will be outlined with future opportunities for OTO‐HNS simulation.
Postfeminism, hybrid mumpreneur identities and the reproduction of masculine entrepreneurship
Authors: Lewis Patricia , Rumens Nick , Simpson Ruth
Published: May 2021

Mobilising postfeminism as an analytical device, this article re-examines how women business owners discursively engage with the identity of the mumpreneur. Drawing on interviews with women business owners, this article reconceptualises the compatibility between motherhood and entrepreneurship associated with the mumpreneur, in terms of a hybrid identity that interlinks feminine and masculine behaviours connected to home and work. Study data reveal the discursive practices present in interview accounts – choosing family and work, strategic mumpreneurship and enhancing the business without limits – which draw on postfeminist discourses to constitute hybrid entrepreneurial femininities associated with the mumpreneur category. The article contributes to the gender and entrepreneurship literature, in particular, the scholarship on mumpreneurship, by first, showing how engagement with the mumpreneur identity is implicated in the reproduction of masculine entrepreneurship; second, demonstrates how encounters with the mumpreneur contribute to the creation of a hierarchy of entrepreneurial identities which reinforces the masculine norm; and third considers how the mumpreneur as a hybrid identity mobilises entrepreneurship in children in gendered ways. While the emergence of the mumpreneur as a contemporary entrepreneurial identity has positively impacted how women’s entrepreneurship is viewed, the study demonstrates that it has not disrupted dominant discourses of masculine entrepreneurship or gendered power relations in the entrepreneurial field.
‘It’s almost superstition: If I don’t think about it, it won’t happen’. Public knowledge and attitudes towards advance care planning: A sequential mixed methods study
Authors: McIlfatrick Sonja , Slater Paul , Bamidele Olufikayo , Muldrew Deborah , Beck Esther , Hasson Felicity
Published: May 2021

Background:

Internationally, participation in advance care planning is low. Whilst a community action approach is advocated, what the public know and understand about advance care planning is unknown.

Aim:

To assess public awareness, knowledge and attitudes towards advance care planning and identify strategies to raise awareness within a public health framework.

Design:

Sequential mixed methods comprising a cross-sectional survey and focus group/interviews.

Setting/participants:

A random representative sample of adults from one region of the United Kingdom ( n = 1201; response rate 56%) completed a face-to-face survey. Twenty-five participants consented to an additional focus group/interview held in a secure accessible location or via telephone.

Results:

Most participants (78.7%) acknowledged the benefits of advance care planning conversations, however, two thirds did not want to think about advance care planning or find out more at present. Respondents were reluctant to broach advance care planning as it was linked to end of life care and funeral plans, and they did not wish to cause distress to their loved one. Respondents trusted their family to respect their wishes and they considered having an advance care plan in place would be of assistance in the future. Top-down leadership, normalisation, and increased education were identified as potential approaches to overcome barriers.

Conclusions:

Advance care planning was recognised as important despite limited awareness, lack of knowledge and misperceptions. Whilst a community action approach to enhance understanding and engagement was supported, a ‘one size fits all’ approach will not work; rather bespoke targeting is required with educational and media messaging aligned.
Pregnancy-related sacroiliac joint findings in females with low back pain: a four-year magnetic resonance imaging follow-up study
Authors: Kiil Rosa Marie , Arnbak Bodil Al-Mashhadi , Zejden Anna , Schiøttz-Christensen Berit , Hendricks Oliver , Jurik Anne Grethe
Published: May 2021

Background

Pregnancy-related pain may be associated with sacroiliac joint (SIJ) changes, detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Purpose

To analyze the prevalence and course of SIJ MRI and clinical findings in women referred with low back pain and relate these to pregnancy.

Material and Methods

A retrospective follow-up study from a longitudinally collected cohort comprising 328 women.

Results

Women reporting debut of pain in relation to a pregnancy (PP group) tended to have a higher baseline prevalence of all investigated MRI findings, cumulated positive SIJ tests, and a potential fulfilment of the spondyloarthritis diagnosis compared to remainders. The prevalence of subchondral bone marrow edema (BME), any SIJ MRI finding, and potential fulfilment of the spondyloarthritis diagnosis were significantly higher in the PP group compared to women who had not been pregnant. In the total study group, the prevalence of ≥1 MRI finding increased over the four-year study period from 34% to 47% ( P<0.001), driven by increasing prevalence of BME (25% to 32%; P=0.008) and fatty marrow deposition (FMD) (20% to 25%; P=0.020). In addition, the BME volume score increased. Over time, the PP group had persisting high prevalence of buttock pain and total MRI findings and their FMD volume score increased, but there were no between-group differences in MRI variables at follow-up.

Conclusion

Overall, the prevalence of MRI findings increased over time. Although the PP group had different clinical and SIJ MRI characteristics cross-sectional at baseline compared to remainders, longitudinal analyses revealed that these diminished over time.
Primary biliary cirrhosis–autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: a case report
Authors: Chen Lin , Shi Xiaodong , Jin Jinglan , Han Wei , Qu Limei , Li Wanyu
Published: May 2021

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)–autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) overlap syndrome is frequently associated with extrahepatic autoimmune disorders. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired disease that is characterized by complement-mediated hemolysis due to erythrocyte membrane defects. However, autoimmune liver disease was not previously reported to be associated with PNH. A 37-year-old female patient was referred to our hospital with elevated liver enzymes and hematuria. On the basis of the symptoms and results of laboratory tests, radiographic studies, and pathologic results, she was diagnosed with PBC–AIH overlap syndrome and PNH. She was treated with a combination of ursodeoxycholic acid and prednisolone. The patient was symptom-free, with laboratory findings within near-normal range. The patient had recovered well at the 24-month follow-up evaluation. While we acknowledge that this was a single case, these findings expand our knowledge of immunological diseases that are associated with PNH and suggest an immune-mediated pathogenic pathway between PNH and PBC–AIH overlap syndrome. The combination of ursodeoxycholic acid and prednisolone can achieve therapeutic success. Routine follow-up of these patients is necessary to document disease progression.
Functional repair of the great saphenous vein by external valvuloplasty reduces the vein's diameter: 6-month results of a multicentre study
Authors: Mühlberger Dominic , Brenner Erich , Frings Norbert , Geier Bruno , Mumme Achim , Reich-Schupke Stefanie , Steffen Horst-Peter , Stenger Dietmar , Stücker Markus , Hummel Thomas
Published: May 2021

Objectives

External valvuloplasty (eVP) is a reconstructive surgical method to repair the function of the terminal and preterminal valves. We evaluated the 6-month outcomes of eVP regarding the diameter of the great saphenous vein (GSV).

Methods

Patients from five vein centres were included in this observational study. Follow-up involved detailed duplex sonography of the GSV. The venous clinical severity score (VCSS) and the C class of the clinical, aetiologic, anatomic and pathophysiologic (CEAP) classification were recorded.

Results

We enrolled 210 patients, with a follow-up rate of 58%; eVP was sufficient in 95.24% of the patients. The GSV diameters decreased significantly from 4.4 mm (standard deviation (SD): 1.39) to 3.9 (SD: 1.12), 4 cm distal to the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ); from 3.7 mm (SD: 1.10) to 3.5 mm (SD: 1.02) at the mid-thigh; from 3.6 mm (SD: 1.14) to 3.3 mm (SD: 0.94) at the knee and from 3.1 mm (SD: 0.99) to 2.9 mm (SD: 0.78) at the mid-calf. VCSS decreased significantly from 4.76 (SD: 2.13) preoperatively to 1.77 (SD: 1.57) 6 months postoperatively.

Conclusions

GSV function can be restored by eVP; diameters over the total length of the GSV decreased significantly.
Demarcation of arteriopulmonary segments: a novel and effective method for the identification of pulmonary segments
Authors: Gao Huijie , Liu Chao
Published: May 2021

Objective

Each pulmonary segment is an anatomical and functional unit. However, it is fundamentally difficult to precisely distinguish every pulmonary segment using the conventional pulmonary intersegmental planes from computed tomography images. Building arteriopulmonary segments is likely to be an effective way to identify pulmonary segments.

Methods

The thoracic computed tomography images of 40 patients were collected. The anatomic structures of interest were extracted in the transverse, sagittal, and coronal planes using the semi-automated segmentation tools provided by Amira software. The intrapulmonary vessels were subsequently segmented and reconstructed. The distributions of the pulmonary arteries, veins, and bronchi were observed. In patients with pulmonary masses, the mass was also reconstructed.

Results

The three-dimensional reconstructed images showed the branches of the pulmonary artery ramified up to their eighth order covering the entire lung as well as evident intersegmental gaps without pulmonary arteries. The segmental artery was closely accompanied by the segmental bronchi in 486 pulmonary segments (90% of total number of segments). The size and spatial location of the pulmonary mass within a pulmonary segment were also clearly visible.

Conclusions

Demarcation of arteriopulmonary segments can be used to precisely distinguish every pulmonary segment and provide its detailed anatomical structure before pulmonary segmentectomy.
Quantitative assessment and determinants of foveal avascular zone in healthy volunteers
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Wang Fengqun , Wang Ling , Shen Peiyang , Cao Yi , He Yushen , Yan Shigang , Kong Xiangbin , Lu Xiaohe
Published: May 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in healthy volunteers using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and identify factors that influence the FAZ.

Methods

This single-center cross-sectional study included 526 eyes of 263 healthy volunteers who underwent macular scanning by Zeiss OCTA. A linear mixed model was used to investigate the effects of systemic factors (age, sex, blood pressure, height, and weight) and ocular factors (intraocular pressure, biometric parameters, and central macular thickness) on FAZ.

Results

In total, 520 eyes of 262 healthy volunteers were included in the analysis. The mean volunteer age was 38.59 ± 22.03 years (range, 5–84 years); 124 volunteers were male (47.33%) and 138 volunteers were female (52.67%). The mean FAZ area was 0.30 ± 0.03 mm2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29–0.31 mm2). Univariate analysis showed that FAZ area was associated with age (β = 0.0011), anterior chamber depth (β = −0.0513), and axial length (β = −0.0202). Multivariate analysis showed that FAZ area was negatively correlated with axial length (β = −0.0181).

Conclusions

The mean FAZ area in healthy volunteers, measured using Zeiss OCTA, was 0.30 ± 0.03 mm2. Furthermore, FAZ area was negatively associated with axial length; this relationship should be considered in clinical practice.
Cystoscopy to remove an intrauterine contraceptive device embedded in the urinary bladder wall: a case report and literature review
Authors: Qu Rui , Yang Luo , Dai Yi
Published: May 2021

Migration and embedding of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) in the urinary bladder wall is rare. We present such a case of a 30-year-old woman with complaints of persistent lower urinary tract symptoms and a history of IUCD placement 8 years earlier. The IUCD was successfully removed with cystoscopy alone. The patient recovered well and had her second baby after the surgery without complaints of new urinary symptoms.
Expertise is crucial to prolong survival in average risk medulloblastoma: long-term results of a retrospective study
Authors: Franceschi Enrico , Minichillo Santino , Tosoni Alicia , Mascarin Maurizio , Mura Antonella , Di Battista Monica , Di Nunno Vincenzo , Gatto Lidia , Lodi Raffaele , Bartolini Stefania , Brandes Alba Ariela
Published: May 2021

Purpose:

Medulloblastoma is a rare tumor in adults and the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in average risk patients is debated.

Methods:

Patients included in our study were ⩾16 years of age, had histologically confirmed medulloblastoma, and underwent adjuvant radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Average risk was defined according to the Chang classification.

Results:

We included 48 average-risk patients. Median follow-up was 151.5 months (95% confidence interval, 124.5–178.5). Both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly influenced by adjuvant chemotherapy (PFS: hazard ratio [HR], 0.334, p = 0.05; OS: HR, 0.187, p = 0.017) and by receiving the treatment in a referral center (PFS: HR, 0.250, p = 0.008; OS: HR, 0.295, p = 0.038).

Conclusions:

Treating patients with average-risk medulloblastoma in a referral center improves both PFS and OS, does adding adjuvant chemotherapy.
Occupational therapy interventions in child and adolescent mental health to increase participation: A mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Brooks Rob , Bannigan Katrina
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Mental health disorders and low levels of mental well-being can have a lasting effect on life satisfaction and contribution to society for children and adolescents, yet the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions is unknown.

Methods

A mixed methods systematic review was conducted including studies with children and adolescents aged 5–16 years, who had mental health difficulties, that evaluated occupational therapy interventions and focused on participation in everyday occupations as an outcome.

Results

The nine included studies were generally very low quality. The results could not be pooled due to heterogeneity. For children with Asperger’s syndrome, the Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance intervention had clinically significant improvements on occupational performance and social skills. For children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the Ultimate Guide to Play, Language and Friendship intervention improved playfulness and the Cognitive–Functional intervention had a statistically significant improvement on occupational performance and behaviour.

Conclusion

One intervention used by occupational therapists with children with Asperger’s syndrome and two interventions used with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder had some evidence of effect. No evidence was identified for the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for children and adolescents with other common mental health conditions.
Evolution of professional identity in Iranian occupational therapy students and new graduates: A comparative study
Authors: Derakhshanrad Seyed Alireza , Piven Emily F , Zeynalzadeh Ghoochani Bahareh
Published: May 2021

Introduction

The development of professional attitude evolves over time and contributes to the formation of professional identity. This study tracked formation of professional identity by comparing professional attitudes of three cohorts: new graduates, final-year, and first-year students of occupational therapy.

Method

The online survey, including a 5-point Likert scale 17-item questionnaire and one qualitative inquiry using an incomplete statement, revealed the perception and future career prospects of 144 novice practitioners and students of occupational therapy. Written statements were compared to each other to provide insight about the participants’ perspectives during the three time periods.

Findings

One-way ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences in professional attitudes among the three cohorts (F (2, 141) = 14.32, p < 0.0001), demonstrating a downward trend in professional identity formation. The comparison analysis of statements confirmed the quantitative results and highlighted an issue of negative professional identity through indicating great concerns over the future career prospects.

Conclusion

Despite increased awareness of occupational therapy over time, these participants seemed to have had trouble developing a sound sense of professional identity. Possible sources and solutions for this issue were discussed, to better facilitate a clear sense of professional identity in occupational therapy students and practitioners.
The effect of sensory discrimination training on sensorimotor performance in individuals with central neurological conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Taylor Sarah C , McKenna Chris , Kent Jillian , Jess Mary-Anne , Robinson Jonathan R , Dixon John , Ryan Cormac
Published: May 2021

Objective

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the efficacy of sensory discrimination training (SDT) on sensorimotor performance in individuals with a neurological condition affecting the central nervous system.

Methods

MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, AMED, CENTRAL, PsychINFO, Scopus, OT Seeker, PEDro, ETHOS, Web of Science and OpenGrey were systematically searched for appropriate randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Included studies were assessed for risk of bias, and the quality of the evidence was rated using the GRADE approach. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017055237).

Results

Six RCTs met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. All studies used manual tactile discrimination to retrain somatosensation. Somatosensory effect sizes (0.12–0.92) and motor function effect sizes (0.12–10.39) ranged from trivial to large with narrative analysis revealing some between-group difference in favour of the intervention group. However, the total sample size ( n = 220) was relatively small, and the quality of the included studies was low.

Conclusions

SDT may have potential to be an efficacious treatment option for improving sensorimotor performance in individuals with neurological disease. However, at present there is limited evidence on which to base any firm clinical recommendations.
Fremanezumab for the Preventive Treatment of Migraine: Subgroup Analysis by Number of Prior Preventive Treatments with Inadequate Response
Authors: Pazdera Ladislav , Cohen Joshua M , Ning Xiaoping , Campos Verena Ramirez , Yang Ronghua , Pozo-Rosich Patricia
Published: May 2021

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of monthly or quarterly fremanezumab in patients with chronic migraine or episodic migraine and documented inadequate response to 2, 3, or 4 classes of prior migraine preventive medications.

Methods

This is an exploratory analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b trial for patients with chronic migraine or episodic migraine and inadequate response to 2 to 4 prior migraine preventive medication classes randomized (1:1:1) to fremanezumab (quarterly or monthly) or placebo. In this exploratory analysis, changes from baseline in the monthly average number of migraine days during 12 weeks of double-blind treatment and adverse events were evaluated for predefined subgroups of patients by number of prior preventive medication classes with inadequate response.

Results

Overall, 414, 265, and 153 patients had inadequate response to 2, 3, and 4 preventive medication classes, respectively. Changes from baseline in monthly average migraine days during 12 weeks were significantly greater with fremanezumab compared with placebo for patients with documented inadequate response to 2 classes (least-squares mean difference vs placebo [95% confidence interval]: quarterly, –2.9 [–3.83, –1.98]; monthly, –3.7 [–4.63, –2.75]), 3 classes (quarterly, –3.3 [–4.65, –1.95]; monthly, –3.0 [–4.25, –1.66]), and 4 classes (quarterly, –5.3 [–7.38, –3.22]; monthly, –5.4 [–7.35, –3.48]) of migraine preventive medications (all p < 0.001). No significant treatment-by-subgroup interactions were observed for any outcome ( p interaction > 0.20 for all). Adverse events were comparable for placebo and fremanezumab.

Conclusion

Significant improvements in efficacy were observed with fremanezumab compared with placebo, even in patients who had previously experienced inadequate response to 4 different classes of migraine preventive medications. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03308968.
Infill shape effects on bending stiffness of additively manufactured short fibre reinforced polymer sandwich specimens
Authors: Martulli Luca Michele , Barriga Ruiz Pablo , Rajan Akshay , Bárnik František , Sága Milan , Bernasconi Andrea
Published: May 2021

Additively manufactured polymer parts are often designed like composite sandwich structures. In this work, sandwich beam-like specimens with hexagonal, triangular and rectangular infills were manufactured with different infill densities. An influence of the shape of the infill on the overall stiffness was observed. The bending stiffness of the hexagonal specimens was between 13% and 25% lower than that of the other two cases that instead showed similar performances. Numerical simulations were performed using both shell and solid elements for the infill, to check if it was possible to model the differences observed experimentally. All simulations lead to accurate bending stiffness predictions, except for the rectangular infills with higher infill densities, for which overprediction between 20% and 25% was obtained. Based on these results, strategies for the finite element analysis of additively manufactured composite structures are discussed.
Canadian Association of Radiologists Recommendations for the Safe Use of MRI During Pregnancy
Authors: Jabehdar Maralani Pejman , Kapadia Anish , Liu Grace , Moretti Felipe , Ghandehari Hournaz , Clarke Sharon E. , Wiebe Sheldon , Garel Juliette , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Hurrell Casey , Schieda Nicola
Published: May 2021

The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during pregnancy is associated with concerns among patients and health professionals with regards to fetal safety. In this work, the Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) Working Group on MRI in Pregnancy presents recommendations for the use of MRI in pregnancy, derived from literature review as well as expert panel opinions and discussions. The working group, which consists of academic subspecialty radiologists and obstetrician-gynaecologists, aimed to provide updated, evidence-based recommendations addressing safety domains related to energy deposition, acoustic noise, and gadolinium-based contrast agent use based on magnetic field strength (1.5T and 3T) and trimester scanned, in addition to the effects of sedative use and occupational exposure.
Study Title-Based Framing Effects on Reports of Sexual Violence and Associated Risk Factors in College Students
Authors: Anderson RaeAnn E. , Namie Emily M. Carstens , Michel Paige K. , Delahanty Douglas L.
Published: May 2021

Objective:

There are many methodological issues in studying sexual violence, including potential framing effects. Framing effects refer to how researchers communicate the purpose of a study to participants, such as, how the study is advertised or explained. The aim of this study was to investigate if framing effects were associated with differences in participants’ self-reported experiences of sexual violence and related correlates.

Methods:

College students ( N = 782) were recruited to participate in one of four identical studies that differed in the title: “Questionnaires about Alcohol,” “Questionnaires about Crime,” “Questionnaires about Health,” or “Questionnaires about Sexual Assault.” Participants chose one of the four studies and completed measures of sexual violence as well as attitudinal and behavioral measures in randomized order.

Results:

We found significantly more reports of childhood sexual abuse (33.6% vs. 18.5%), rape (33.9% vs. 21.1%), higher frequency of victimization ( M = 11.35 vs. 5.44), and greater acknowledged rape for bisexual people (46.2% vs. 0.0%) in the sexual assault (SA) condition compared to other conditions. There were no differences in sexual violence perpetration or attitudinal or behavioral measures.

Conclusion:

These results revealed that framing effects, based on the study title, affect outcomes in sexual victimization research. Rape was reported 1.6× more in the “Sexual Assault” condition than in the “Health” condition. It is unclear whether these framing effects reflect self-selection bias or framing related increased reports in the SA condition, suppression of reports in other conditions, or a combination thereof.
Frederick Antal and the Marxist challenge to art history
Authors: Berryman Jim
Published: May 2021

First published in 1948, Frederick Antal’s Florentine Painting and Its Social Background was an important milestone in anglophone art history. Based on European examples, including Max Dvořák, it sought to understand art history’s relationship to social and intellectual history. When Antal, a Hungarian émigré, arrived in Britain in 1933, he encountered an inward-looking discipline preoccupied with formalism and connoisseurship; or, as he phrased it, art historians of ‘the older persuasion’ ignorant of ‘the fruitful achievements of modern historical research’. Despite its considerable scholarship and erudition, Antal’s book was not warmly received, largely because he had used historical materialism to understand the production of art and the development of styles. Antal’s class-based account of the social position of the artist and the role of the patron in determining the emergence of early Renaissance styles was especially controversial. However, although Marxist analysis was used to challenge the assumptions of Anglo art history, it was not Antal’s intention to weaken art history’s disciplinary autonomy. With historical materialism, he sought to place art history on a firmer historical footing. Most importantly, this approach was compatible with the discipline’s Central European tradition, where art-historical scholarship was framed by questions of method and based on broad historical research. Without defending its more deterministic features, this article supports a re-evaluation of Antal’s book, as an important forerunner of interdisciplinary art scholarship. It considers why Antal’s legacy has not endured, despite the ‘social history of art’ enjoying widespread acceptance in English-speaking art history in later decades.
Simultaneously improving the ductility and strength of aromatic thermoset films
Authors: Wang Cheng , Zhang Long Fei , Li Wa , Yang Li Rong , Ma Jia Jun , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Lin
Published: May 2021

Aromatic thermoset materials have shown great potential applications in various fields owing to their excellent mechanical strengths. However, their poor ductility is still hinders their large-scale applications. In this study, a new class of aromatic thermosets consisting of two types of crosslinks was successfully developed by incorporating the special group imidazole into a type of crosslinked thermoset. One crosslink is constituted of reversible multiple noncovalent interactions containing “face-face” π–π stacking, “point-point” hydrogen bonds, and ion-pair electrostatic interactions, whereas the other is composed of permanent covalent bonds. Most importantly, the synergetic interplay among these reversible multiple noncovalent interactions enables them to evade the restrictions from the aromatic polymer skeletons to proceed with their dynamic dissociating-rebuilding processes, which can timely and effectively dissipate the internal stress. Finally, owing to the coefficient of these two types of crosslinks, a significantly enhanced ductility was successfully obtained on these aromatic thermosets and their tensile strengths were also improved. Such thermosets having simultaneously enhanced strengths and ductility are predicted to be eventually used in a wide range of applications.
Optimization of friction stir welding parameters of dissimilar aluminium alloys 6061 and 5083 by using response surface methodology
Authors: Verma Sanjeev , Kumar Vinod
Published: May 2021

Aluminium and its alloys are lightweight, corrosion-resistant, affordable and high-strength material and find wide applications in shipbuilding, automotive, constructions, aerospace and other industrial sectors. In applications like aerospace, marine and automotive industries, there is a need to join components made of different aluminium alloys, viz. AA6061 and AA5083. In this study friction stir welding (FSW) is used to join dissimilar plates made of AA6061-T6 and AA5083-O. The effect of varying tool pin profile, tool rotation speed, tool feed rate and tilt angle of the tool has been investigated on the tensile strength and percentage elongation of the welded joints. Box-Behkan design, with four input parameters and three levels of each parameter has been employed to decide the set of experimental runs. The regression models have been developed to investigate the influence of welding variables on the tensile strength and elongation of the welded joint. It is revealed that with the increase in welding parameters like tool rpm, tool feed rate and tilt angle of the tool, both the mechanical properties increase, reach a maximum level, followed by a decrease with further increase in the value of parameters. Amongst different types of tool pin profiles used, the FSW tool having straight cylindrical (SC) pin profile is found to yield the maximum strength and elongation of the welded joint for different combinations of welding parameters. Multiple response optimization indicates that the maximum UTS (135.83 MPa) and TE (4.35%) are obtained for the welded joint fabricated using FSW tool having SC pin profile, tilted at 1.11° and operating at tool speed and feed rate of 1568 rpm and 39.53 mm/min., respectively.