bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professor of Literature, Technology and Publishing
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: October 2023

I had some utterly fantastic news yesterday that I think/hope it’s now OK for me to share. At the start of the next academic year (from 1st October 2016) I will take up a personal chair as Professor of Literature, Technology and Publishing at my wonderful institution, Birkbeck, University of London. Ever since I had an idea to try for a career in academia a full professorship has been my dream;
What is the approach trajectory of enhanced (super?) nucleophiles towards a carbonyl group?
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: October 2023

I have previously commented on the Bürgi–Dunitz angle, this being the preferred approach trajectory of a nucleophile towards the electrophilic carbon of a carbonyl group. Some special types of nucleophile such as hydrazines (R

2

N-NR

2

) are supposed to have enhanced reactivity[cite]10.1016/S0040-4020(01)93101-1[/cite] due to what might be described as buttressing of adjacent lone pairs.
Bond stretch isomerism. Did this idea first surface 100 years ago?
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: October 2023

The phenomenon of

bond stretch isomerism

, two isomers of a compound differing predominantly in just one bond length, is one of those chemical concepts that wax and occasionally wane.[cite]10.1016/S1631-0748(02)01380-2[/cite] Here I explore such isomerism for the elements Ge, Sn and Pb. In one earlier post, I noted a form of bond stretch isomerism that can arise from a Jahn-Teller distortion ending in two different geometries
20 Veranstaltungstipps für die re:publica 2016
Authors: Djordjevic Valie
Published: October 2023

Zehn Jahre re:publica – dieses Jahr ist Jubiläum. Wie immer ist die Liste der Vorträge und Workshops lang, die Vortragenden sind kompetent und die Auswahl fällt schwer. Wir wollen helfen und haben eine kleine, subjektive Vorauswahl getroffen. Wir sehen uns auf der #rpTEN!  Rechtsfragen auf der re:publica  Rechtsfragen gehen im Netz uns alle an, denn die Unterscheidung zwischen Konsument und Produzent wird schwerer.
How many water molecules does it take to form ammonium hydroxide from ammonia and water?
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: October 2023

This is a corollary to the previous post

‡

exploring how many molecules are needed to ionise HCl. Here I am asking how many water molecules are required to form the ionic ammonium hydroxide from ammonia and water.
Celebrating Paul Schleyer: searching for hidden treasures in the structures of metallocene complexes.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: October 2023

A celebration of the life and work of the great chemist Paul von R. Schleyer was held this week in Erlangen, Germany. There were many fantastic talks given by some great chemists describing fascinating chemistry. Here I highlight the presentation given by Andy Streitwieser on the topic of organolithium chemistry, also a great interest of Schleyer's over the years.
Real hypervalency in a small molecule.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: October 2023

Hypervalency is defined as a molecule that contains one or more main group elements formally bearing more than eight  electrons in their  valence shell. One example of a molecule so characterised was CLi

6

[cite]10.1038/355432a0[/cite] where the description "“

carbon can expand its octet of electrons to form this relatively stable molecule

” was used.
Hydronium hydroxide: the why of pH 7.
Authors: Rzepa Henry
Published: October 2023

Ammonium hydroxide (NH4+…OH–) can be characterised quantum mechanically when stabilised by water bridges connecting the ion-pairs.
ESA moves to Wiley and predictably there are problems already
Authors: Mounce Ross
Published: October 2023

TL;DR summary: ESA data papers should be free to read but Wiley (ESA’s new publishing ‘partner’) just charged me $45.60 yesterday to access one of them. They have done this kind of ‘accidental’ profit-generation before, as have other big publishers. John Wiley &
Investment in research and development as a prerequisite for sustainable development
Authors: Jakšić Krsto , Trajković Slaviša
Published: October 2023

In today's world of development, rapid technological changes have shown that only those countries that are able to enter both research and development as well as the development of human resources can hope for sustainable development. The most advanced and economically developed countries of the world base their development on investment in research and development and researchers who are able to create constant innovations. The aim of the work is to show the percentage of investment in research and development in relation to the GDP (gross development product) of the Republic of Serbia in relation to neighboring countries. The relevant data were taken from the Eurostat database, from which a comparison was made over the past five years, taking into account the years in which the Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on all socioeconomic activities, including investment in research and development. The data show that the Republic of Serbia has a constant increase in investment in research and development and that it reaches 1% of the gross development product, but that is far less than developed countries that invest over 2.5% of the gross national product. In relation to neighboring countries, which are mostly members of the European Union, the Republic of Serbia invests significantly less than Slovenia, but also more than Romania and Bulgaria.
Black soldier fly rearing and managment guidebook
Authors:   Debre Berhan University, Tadesse Abebe
Published: October 2023

This business proposal aims to introduce and outline the establishment of a Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae rearing business in Ethiopia. The proposal provides a comprehensive overview of BSF larvae rearing, emphasizing its importance, applications, and the benefits it offers. It presents step-by-step guidelines for setting up the rearing facility, including location selection, housing requirements, substrate selection, and management practices. The proposal also delves into sourcing BSF larvae, discussing options such as self-breeding and commercial suppliers. It highlights the key considerations for rearing BSF larvae, including feeding and nutrition, watering and hydration, larvae growth monitoring, and managing larvae density. The importance of maintaining the health and well-being of the larvae is emphasized, along with strategies for disease prevention, identification, and treatment. Furthermore, the proposal outlines the harvesting process, including optimal harvesting time, techniques, and post-harvest processing. It explores the utilization of BSF larvae and the various value-added products that can be derived from them. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of record keeping and data management for monitoring and evaluating the business's performance. The proposal includes various canvases, such as the Business Model Canvas, Customer Segment Canvas, Value Proposition Canvas, Production Canvas, Marketing Canvas, Cost Structure Canvas, Economic Canvas, and Troubleshooting Guide. These canvases provide a structured framework for planning and executing the BSF larvae rearing business. Overall, this business proposal serves as a comprehensive guide for individuals or organizations interested in starting a BSF larvae rearing business in Ethiopia. It provides valuable insights and practical recommendations to ensure the successful establishment and operation of a sustainable and profitable venture in the emerging field of BSF larvae rearing.
Modelling, parameterizing and validating the motion of a tadpole style cargo tricycle with real world experiments
Authors: Groß Clemens , Müller Steffen
Published: October 2023

In the past years, cargo bicycles in different configurations have gained popularity for many use cases. Their configurations differ substantially. Single-track cargo bicycles and their kinematics are linked closely to conventional bicycles. The kinematics of inverted tricycles, so-called tadpole trikes, are very different. In this work, we model the motion for such a tadpole tricycle in order to predict the kinematic potential of such a vehicle.

A conventional, planar bicycle model is implemented and compared to a planar model that incorporates a term for the lean (or roll) angle. Therefore, the connection between steering and lean angle is calculated by the help of wheel flop. This is validated by inversing the modelling process and optimizing the geometrical approach function with the help of naturalistic cycling studies. The tricycle used for this study is measured experimentally in order to find the parameters for the model. It is then equipped with measuring devices and we present our instrumented tadpole cargo tricycle. By the help of it, we validate the theoretically derived model for the motion of the tadpole tricycle with real world measuring data for given driving scenarios. The models of the tricycle are impinged with data from our experimental driving maneuvers as we do not want to model the behavior of a human driver. It is shown that our derived kinematic models hold reasonably well against the measurements for short term predictions. For the performed driving scenarios, we compare the experimentally measured trajectory with the simulated ones and quantify the error. It is shown that the planar model that incorporated lean performs minimally better compared to the conventional, planar bicycle model. We discuss model limitations as well as potential inaccuracies caused by the used measuring devices on our instrumented cargo tricycle.

With the help of the kinematic models, motion prediction of tadpole cargo tricycles can be undertaken. The range, for which the implemented planar models are considered to be valid, is depicted by the range of forward speeds until the liftoff condition. For motion prediction, a conventional, planar bicycle model is sufficient as the more complicated planar model with lean does not substantially outperform it. For maneuvers at the limits of driving dynamics, more sophisticated dynamic models are needed, as the simple kinematic models of this work are not sufficient for this kind of tasks.
Validation of a bicycle simulator based on objective criteria
Authors: Martinez Garcia Donaji , Gröne Kilian , Fischer Martin , Zhao Min , Bergen Melina
Published: October 2023

Statistics show, that bicycles become more and more popular as transportation method, e.g. 25% increase in Germany between 2019 and 2021 (Sinus, 2021). To ensure the safety of bicycle riders as vulnerable road users (VRUs), analysing critical traffic situations is essential (Wendel, 2020). To be able to explore such situations in a safe environment, a bicycle simulator was built at DLR that can be used stand-alone or in combination with other simulators in order to integrate other traffic participants such as pedestrians or car drivers (Fischer et al., 2022; Martinez Garcia, 2021). This work describes the development of the simulator with the goal of creating a realistic and therefore immersive cycling experience (Jacobi, 2022; Janssen, 2022). A detailed description of the implementation of the recent improvements is provided as well as an objective evaluation for validation of the simulator.
Investigation of the Applicability of a Motorcyclist Model for Trajectory Prediction in Real Traffic
Authors: Scherer Florian , Eschinger Maximilian
Published: October 2023

To develop advanced motorcycle assistance systems, the focus is shifting towards the rider's abilities. A model in (Scherer et al. 2022) predicts motorcycle dynamics influenced by riders without specific rider or vehicle parameters. It employs mathematical functions to describe speed and roll angle changes, revealing differences among riders. Unlike previous stochastic approaches, this model allows clear interpretation of measurement data with rider-specific parameters like correction amplitudes and trends, aiding critical maneuver identification. The paper investigates applying this rider model to real traffic data. For this purpose, three riders (two experienced frequent riders and one inexperienced infrequent rider) on two different vehicles (Honda CBF 1000 and BMW K1200R Sport) were recorded and examined on a sample basis using a validated low-cost measurement technique with a total amount of n = 40 measurements. Taking into account evaluation curves suitable for proving the methodology, two consecutive country road curves were selected with a respective change in direction (equivalent to a yaw angle change of the vehicle between entering and exiting the curve) of approx. 180°. These were each driven through 5 times by all three riders under constant conditions in good, summer weather and road conditions. In addition, one of the riders drove through them in wintry and less than optimal road conditions at the beginning of the season. Initial findings assess the model's transferability to real traffic. The investigation results show its applicability, with rider-specific riding styles and parameterization functions, as well as the need to repeat the study with a large number of samples. The model accurately predicts future positions, with over 85% of maneuvers having less than a 2% lateral deviation. This demonstrates applicability under real conditions, confirming its efficacy beyond the closed terrain test in (Scherer et. al., 2022). In the future, this model will enable rider-dependent trajectory predictions with uncertainty intervals in real traffic situations.
Pengaruh Etos Kerja, Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan UD. Madyo Lancar Kabupaten Kediri
Authors: Aries Saputra  , Sonny Subroto  , Nuril Aulia Munawaroh
Published: October 2023

The progress of a company cannot be separated from the role of human resources which makes people superior and hopefully able to achieve what they want. When employees in a company do not perform well and competently, it results in the company's operations not being as effective or efficient as possible. One of them is related to Work Ethics, Work Discipline and Employee Performance.

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of work ethic, work discipline and employee performance at Ud. Madyo Lancar. The sample for this research consisted of 35 employees, with a sampling technique using saturated samples. This research uses a quantitative approach method, then the data obtained is processed using SPSS 25.

The research results show that work ethic does not have a significant effect on employee performance variables, with a t test value of 0.543 and a significance value of 0.951 > 0.05. Work discipline has a significant effect on employee performance variables as shown by the t test value of 30.327 with a significance of 0.000 <0.05.
Enredando gênero na educação infantil: cultura visual, imagens disruptivas e prática pedagógica
Authors: Wendt Lucas de Bárbara , Valle Lutiere Dalla
Published: October 2023

Este artigo examina a intersecção entre gênero e educação no contexto infantil a partir do uso de imagens disruptivas como dispositivos de discussão e reflexividade. Neste contexto, o intuito foi problematizar a potência das imagens na produção de Circunstâncias de Aprendizagem (DELIGNY, 2018) sobre si e os outros no que tange às concepções de gênero e sexualidades na infância. Para tanto, partiu-se de imagens que desafiam estereótipos de gênero amalgamados nos imaginários coletivos com o intuito de promover uma visão mais inclusiva e diversa na construção das identidades na escola. O estudo parte de uma experiência desenvolvida em uma escola de educação infantil com crianças com idades entre quatro e cinco anos. Como metodologia, utilizamos a Perspectiva Narrativa atravessada por autores como Belidson Dias e Guacira Lopes Louro para propor uma Pedagogia Queer; Fernando Hernández no que diz respeito à perspectiva Educativa da Cultura Visual, entre outros. Esta aliança entre os Estudos da Cultura Visual e a Perspectiva Queer possibilitou angariar percursos experimentais baseados na interpretação onde as imagens atuam como dispositivos pedagógicos ao incitar o compartilhamento de narrativas orais sobre o que viram de si mesmas ao estabelecerem relações com seus repertórios socioculturais. Os resultados obtidos sinalizam a urgência, bem como relevância da temática a partir de abordagens que potencializam seus saberes, confrontando discursos hegemônicos, concepções binárias e estereotipadas em busca de enfoques plurais, inclusivos e antidiscriminatórios.
Implementation of Gradient Boosted Tree, Support Vector Machinery and Random Forest Algorithm to Detecting Financial Fraud in Credit Card Transactions
Authors: Salomo Leuwol Ferdinand , Ady Bakri Asri , N. Bailusy Muhsin , Setia Putra Hari , Sukanti Ni Ketut
Published: October 2023

According to Google Trends data, machine learning-based credit card identification has grown over the last five years, at the very least, across all nations. In order to detect credit card fraud in this study, the authors will use machine learning methods such random forests, support vector machines, and gradient-boosted trees. The authors used the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and Random Under Sampling (RUS) sampling methods in each algorithm to compare because there was a class imbalance in this investigation. The research findings demonstrate that the author's algorithm and sample technique were successfully used, as shown by the AUC values obtained for each being > 0.7. The top score in RUS was 0.7835 using the Random Forest algorithm, whereas the greatest score in SMOTE was 0.73 with the Gradient Boosted Trees approach. The Random Forest algorithm and the Random Under Sampling (RUS) technique are developed as a result of this research, and they are useful for identifying fraudulent credit card transactions.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Statistical Management Tools in Improving the Performance of Business Organisations
Authors: Agustian Kresnawidiansyah , Maksum Choiril , Zen Agustian , Sekarini Ratih Ayu , Malik Aulia Januar
Published: October 2023

In an era of globalisation and intensifying business competition, business organisations must constantly strive to improve their operational effectiveness in order to survive and thrive. One tool that has been used by many organisations in this effort is statistical management. Statistical management is a data-driven approach that enables organisations to make better decisions, identify improvement opportunities, and better manage risks. This literature review aims to present an in-depth understanding of the use of statistical management in the context of business organisations. This research is a literature review that adopts a qualitative method approach, which means it will analyse and interpret data by relying on information and text from various sources. The study results show that evaluating the effectiveness of Statistical Management tools in improving the performance of business organisations is an important step in maintaining competitiveness and long-term success. Statistical Management provides a robust framework for collecting, analysing, and interpreting statistical data, which in turn helps organisations make better decisions, improve product or service quality, and optimise operational processes.
The Role of Social Media in Students’ Social Perception and Interaction: Implications for Learning and Education
Authors: Purnama Yulian , Asdlori Asdlori
Published: October 2023

In today's digital age, the role of social media in education has become a subject of increasing attention. Social media, such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, have changed students' social interaction patterns, influenced perceptions of self and others, and have significant psychological impacts. This research discusses the role of social media in shaping students' perceptions and social interactions and its implications in learning and education. This research is a literature review that uses a qualitative method approach, which means it will analyse and interpret data by relying on information and text from various sources. The study results show that social media has brought about changes in the way students interact. They not only communicate in person but also through online platforms, creating new dynamics in social relationships. Students' exposure to social media content can affect their self-image and social norms. In addition, social media use can also result in social pressure and psychological impact on students. The implication of the role of social media is the need for social media literacy education, wise use of social media in learning, and necessary psychological support for students. Parents also need to be involved in their children's social media literacy education. With cooperation between educational institutions, social-media platforms, and parents, a safe educational environment that supports students' social, intellectual, and emotional development can be created.
Burned area mapping in Dendang District, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency using sentinel-2
Authors: Yogyanti Galih Citra
Published: October 2023

Remote Sensing is a way to provide information efficiently both in terms of cost and time. In addition, the use of remote sensing in mapping the burned area can be carried out on a large scale but with a fast time for the prevention of land fires. Monitoring of forest fires is carried out to see locations that often become fire hotspots every year and to prevent frequent land and forest fires.The method used in this study is to map the burned area using multi-temporal data using the Normalized burning Ratio and Normalized burning Ratio 2 indices from Sentinel-2 images in May and September 2019.  The trend data can be used to evaluate the moratorium on forest business permits or a peatland.  Sentinel 2 has a higher spatial resolution of 20 meters compared to other multispectral images that can be accessed easily and free of charge, so it is suitable to be applied in areas that are not too large and minimizes the value of estimation errors, using Sentinel 2 imagery which has 13 channels will Selected several channels that can be used for index transformation, namely the NBR (Normalized Burn Ratio) and NBR2 (Normalized Burn Ratio2) indexes, both indices utilize Near Infrared, SWIR1, and SWIR2 channels which can provide information about the area after land fires,The research results obtained that burned areas are often identified as barren land, such as peat canals or vacant land. This is because the spectral reflection characteristics of objects in burnt areas are the same as those in non-vegetated land areas when the NBR index is transformed using the NIR, SWIR1 and SWIR2 channels.

Keywords: Forest  and land fires, NBR Indices,  Sentinel-2.
Study of levofloxacin electrochemical sensors on screen-printed carbon electrodes
Authors: Putri Ilmanda Zalzabhila Danistya , Jiwanti Prastika Krisma , Romadhon Achmad Badrus Zaman Rifky
Published: October 2023

Levofloxacin (LEV) is a type of fluoroquinolone antibiotic that usually used for treating the bacterial infection. The released of LEV in environment may impact a significant risk to the ecosystems. Thus, a fast and sensitive sensor device is required. In this work, the detection of LEV is carried out using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE). The measurement methods used were square wave voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. The limit of detection and limit quantitation were 4.34 µM, 14.4 µM, respectively. The relative standard deviation was obtained at 5.4%. The %recovery results obtained using screen printed electrode in drug, milk, and wastewater were in the range of 95-110%. The validated method was successfully applied to detect the levofloxacin and resulted in a sensitive and efficient measurement.
Kajian agro sosiologi dan potensi metabolit sekunder bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea) sebagai peningkat imunitas tubuh
Authors: Putri Anita Hazimah , Yawahar Jon
Published: October 2023

In the context of agro-sociology, butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) is studied as one of the plants with high economic, health, and environmental value. Flower can be used as a raw material of herbal medicines that can improve human health, primarily in terms of immunity. The processing of secondary metabolites can help increase the added value of the pond farm itself. Some of the secondary metabolite compounds in strawberries that potentially boost the immune system among others are flavonoids, alkaloids and polyphenols. Flavonoid compounds including anthocyanins can help protect body cells from free radical damage and increase the production of white blood cells. Gulf flowers also contain alkaloids such as clitorine and cyanidine that have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, thus helping inhibit the growth of bacteria and viruses that cause infections and diseases. Gulf flowers also contain polyphenols such as caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid that have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. With the potential of this secondary metabolite, the sustainable farming of strawflower continues to float in Indonesia, along with the awareness of a healthy lifestyle and back to nature of society.
La collaboration entre bibliothécaires et technicien·ne·s en documentation : défis, opportunités et bonnes pratiques en bibliothèques universitaires et spécialisées
Authors: Bilodeau André , Ménard Carolyne
Published: October 2023

Cet article étudie comment la collaboration entre bibliothécaires et technicien·ne·s en documentation au sein des bibliothèques académiques et spécialisées peut être renforcée et réinventée. Par l’analyse d’une revue de la littérature et d’études de cas, les auteur·e·s identifient les défis qui freinent la coopération interprofessionnelle, les bonnes pratiques qui mènent à la réussite de projets collaboratifs et les bénéfices d’une approche collaborative. Cet article souhaite ainsi ajouter une pierre à l’édifice de la coopération en milieux documentaires afin de démontrer que les professionnel·le·s de l’information – et leurs communautés desservies – ont tout à gagner à s’entraider et à s’élever mutuellement.
Soutenir la gestion des données de recherche en bibliothèque universitaire : concepts, enjeux et pratiques
Authors: Lisée Cynthia , Robert Édith
Published: October 2023

Cet article poursuit trois objectifs. Dans un premier temps, nous cherchons à positionner la gestion des données de recherche (GDR) dans le grand mouvement de la science ouverte. Ensuite, nous voulons démontrer comment le bibliothécaire universitaire pourrait être appelé à être un précieux allié dans l’écosystème scientifique afin de mieux saisir les multiples enjeux de la gestion des données de recherche et ainsi mieux soutenir le corps professoral et les autres professionnels qui gravitent autour de ces pratiques. Finalement, nous voulons également mettre en lumière certaines particularités induites par la GDR pour les disciplines qui utilisent plus largement les méthodologies qualitatives afin de produire des données.
Del parir a la violencia obstétrica en México: acontecimiento y problema público
Authors: Márquez Murrieta Alicia
Published: October 2023

By publishing cases of women giving birth outside public hospitals, on grass or sidewalks in Mexico, something that I refer to as an event in the article, I analyze the growing public discussion around obstetric violence in the country. I am interested in observing how an event that took time to unfold became linked to a public issue, in this case, obstetric violence. Through this linkage, specific dimensions of said issue (particularly discrimination) became visible, and once associated with the event, the topic of obstetric violence also gained strength and public visibility. In Mexico, discussion surrounding the issue began in the first decade of the 21st century, but the debate began to be more widespread in the second decade of the 21st century. In the article, I explore the connection between the published accounts of women giving birth outside public hospitals, cases that are analytically understood as events, and obstetric violence as a public issue. The analysis includes journalistic articles from both traditional press and digital platforms (Facebook), as well as press releases and communiqués from social organizations that have been involved in reproductive health issues for decades. These documents have also been made public through various media outlets. I argue that while the public issue of obstetric violence had been ongoing in Mexico for some years, its thematic exploration through these specific cases amplified the visibility and discussion of obstetric violence as a situation experienced by indigenous women in areas with limited access to adequate healthcare services. The novelty of the article lies in its linkage of two theoretical domains – the realm of events and that of public issues. This approach illuminates specific ways in which obstetric violence is discussed, enhancing the overall understanding and visibility of the topic.
Corporalidad y estética indígena en la “Festa da Menina-Moça”: territorialidad, cosmopolítica y alteridad entre los Tenetehar-Tembé
Authors: Ribeiro Benedito Emílio
Published: October 2023

In recent decades, indigenous peoples have been articulating processes that strengthen and/or revive rituals, cosmologies, aesthetics, and diversity of knowledge as a political strategy of resistance. This phenomenon is linked to forms of identity affirmation and maintenance of territorial rights, and has served as a lens for the anthropological analysis of indigenous reality. With this in mind, the article focuses on a set of aesthetic experiences and cosmological knowledge that take place during the “Festa da Menina-Moça,” an important ritual process and cosmopolitical event of the Tenetehar-Tembé people, located in the northeastern state of Pará, Brazil. The aim of this study is to comprehend the relationship between the social construction of the Tembé body and the role and “strength” (agency) of women in the production and aesthetic utilization of the festival. This utilization translates important aspects of territoriality, cosmopolitics, and alterity of this Tupi-Guaraní people of eastern Amazonia. The study is built upon two foundations: a review of anthropological literature and ethnographic theorization, drawing from both my field experiences in the villages of Guamá and the participant observation I conducted during the festival in mid-2018. Based on this analysis, I examine the paths or phases of the Festa da Menina-Moça and the effectiveness of Tembé aesthetics in the fabrication of the bodies-territories of the girls and boys during the liminality until their relational transformation into “true people.” This article offers an original interpretation of Tembé reality and its processes through the aesthetic expressions of the festival, which serve as a revelatory axis for the sociocultural dynamics and cosmopolitical relationships of the various indigenous groups. The conclusion drawn is that the social organization and political practices of the Tenetehar-Tembé people are strongly influenced by the celebration. In this context, cosmological knowledge and potential aesthetics construct “true people” while simultaneously (re)producing social bonds and ritual memory. These in turn, are mobilized and updated in other aspects of Tembé life, particularly in their political struggles for territory.
Obediencia por dolor: violencia estatal en contextos de protesta social (Bogotá, Colombia, 2019-2022)
Authors: Osorio-Rozo Diana Giselle , Olarte-Cancino Héctor
Published: October 2023

This article derives from ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Bogotá during the social protests that occurred between November 2019 and April 2022. It focuses on understanding the origins and dynamics of the violence employed by the state’s security forces in these instances of collective action. We argue that this violence, primarily exercised by police special units as a repressive apparatus of the state, cannot simply be explained as an undifferentiated form of domination that institutions resort to when their power is weakened. Instead, it refers to cultural meanings that enable, sustain, and validate it as a privileged way to address conflict. We explore this phenomenon through a category that emerged from the field, which underlies how subjects’ bodies were treated and which refers to deeply ingrained social consensuses: obedience by pain. We argue that this category, rooted in Judeo-Christian religious doctrine, operates as a mandate and principle of action of public force whose most obvious expression is material violence, but which simultaneously involves a radical symbolic violence. As an analytical tool, obedience by pain helps us understand processes of production of subjectivity that legitimize the elimination of others, but also those through which possibilities of existence, resistance, and strategies that challenge forms of state authority unfold. The study thus contributes to clarifying, from a political perspective, the rationality on the basis of which violence operates, rather than merely reiterating its immanence in the Colombian context.
Elecciones presidenciales y legislativas en Colombia en 2022
Authors: Escobar Juan Carlos , Ortega Bibiana , Wills-Otero Laura
Published: October 2023

Objetivo/contexto: este artículo introductorio al dosier sobre las elecciones legislativas y presidenciales de 2022 de Colombia Internacional busca describir rasgos importantes de la campaña electoral de ese año, así como presentar la configuración del sistema de partidos a partir de los resultados tanto de las elecciones legislativas como de las presidenciales. Lo anterior con el objetivo de ofrecer un contexto general de las elecciones nacionales, en complemento con los aportes y hallazgos específicos de los artículos que componen este número. Metodología: se propone una lectura de los resultados electorales de 2022 con base en algunos datos e índices electorales y en una mirada cualitativa de lo sucedido en esos comicios, y la relación que ello puede tener con las elecciones territoriales de 2023. Conclusiones: se ofrecen algunas reflexiones en torno al posible impacto de la composición de fuerzas en las elecciones nacionales sobre las elecciones locales, y a las relaciones Ejecutivo-Legislativo producto de la nueva configuración del sistema de partidos y la puesta en práctica del Estatuto de la Oposición. Originalidad: este número presenta lecturas de las elecciones que hacen énfasis en el comportamiento político de los ciudadanos y se alejan del acento tradicional en los partidos políticos.
¿Elección a cuatro vueltas? El uso de primarias interpartidistas en las elecciones presidenciales de Colombia de 2022
Authors: Cruz Merchán Camilo Alipios , Acuña Villarraga Fabián Alejandro , Uribe Mendoza Cristhian José
Published: October 2023

Objetivo/contexto: este artículo busca caracterizar los mecanismos de elecciones primarias interpartidistas para la selección de candidaturas, construir una tipología de las primarias interpartidarias, e indagar las particularidades de este fenómeno a partir de su uso y efectos en la elección presidencial de Colombia de 2022. Metodología: se elabora un estudio de caso empírico-descriptivo con base en el análisis de los resultados electorales de las consultas interpartidistas y las elecciones presidenciales de 2022. Conclusiones: se enfatiza que las elecciones primarias interpartidistas constituyen un novedoso mecanismo que busca la coordinación entre organizaciones partidarias y no partidarias para la definición de una candidatura unificada en elecciones presidenciales. En este proceso, la participación electoral, la coherencia ideológica y la competitividad interna son factores que pueden ayudar a explicar la distribución de poder interna de la coalición y el posterior desempeño electoral de la candidatura. Originalidad: este artículo contribuye a la literatura al proponer un marco de análisis para la comprensión de las primarias interpartidistas como mecanismo de selección de candidaturas presidenciales y amplía el conocimiento existente acerca del fenómeno, cuya unidad de análisis han sido predominantemente las organizaciones partidistas.
Gustavo Petro y el triunfo de la izquierda en Colombia : análisis de las preferencias de voto en la primera vuelta presidencial de 2022
Authors: Bitar Sebastián , Tolosa Bello Saruy Camilo , Tolosa Bello Yachay Julián
Published: October 2023

Objetivo/contexto: en este artículo exploramos los determinantes de la preferencia de los votantes por Gustavo Petro en la primera vuelta de la elección presidencial de 2022 en Colombia. Metodología: a partir de una serie de herramientas cuantitativas, exploramos las variables asociadas con una preferencia por Gustavo Petro. Establecemos dos grupos de variables: personales y de contexto, y de preferencias en temas económicos y sociales (issues), y establecemos su peso relativo como determinantes de la cercanía entre Petro y sus votantes. Conclusiones: encontramos que los votantes escogieron al candidato Petro con base en la satisfacción de sus preferencias más importantes, particularmente frente a temas económicos, y restaron importancia a sus diferencias con el candidato en temas relacionados con las libertades individuales. Originalidad: este trabajo presenta datos originales recogidos durante la campaña presidencial de 2022 y usa una combinación de herramientas cuantitativas para estimar los determinantes de las preferencias por Petro.
Higher social tolerance is associated with more complex facial behavior in macaques
Authors: Rincon Alan V , Waller Bridget M , Duboscq Julie , Mielke Alexander , Pérez Claire , Clark Peter R , Micheletta Jérôme
Published: October 2023

The social complexity hypothesis for communicative complexity posits that animal societies with more complex social systems require more complex communication systems. We tested the social complexity hypothesis on three macaque species that vary in their degree of social tolerance and complexity. We coded facial behavior in >3000 social interactions across three social contexts (aggressive, submissive, affiliative) in 389 animals, using the Facial Action Coding System for macaques (MaqFACS). We quantified communicative complexity using three measures of uncertainty: entropy, specificity, and prediction error. We found that the relative entropy of facial behavior was higher for the more tolerant crested macaques as compared to the less tolerant Barbary and rhesus macaques across all social contexts, indicating that crested macaques more frequently use a higher diversity of facial behavior. The context specificity of facial behavior was higher in rhesus as compared to Barbary and crested macaques, demonstrating that Barbary and crested macaques used facial behavior more flexibly across different social contexts. Finally, a random forest classifier predicted social context from facial behavior with highest accuracy for rhesus and lowest for crested, indicating there is higher uncertainty and complexity in the facial behavior of crested macaques. Overall, our results support the social complexity hypothesis.
Novel regulators of islet function identified from genetic variation in mouse islet Ca2+ oscillations
Authors: Emfinger Christopher H , Clark Lauren E , Yandell Brian , Schueler Kathryn L , Simonett Shane P , Stapleton Donnie S , Mitok Kelly A , Merrins Matthew J , Keller Mark P , Attie Alan D
Published: October 2023

Insufficient insulin secretion to meet metabolic demand results in diabetes. The intracellular flux of Ca2+ into β-cells triggers insulin release. Since genetics strongly influences variation in islet secretory responses, we surveyed islet Ca2+ dynamics in eight genetically diverse mouse strains. We found high strain variation in response to four conditions: (1) 8 mM glucose; (2) 8 mM glucose plus amino acids; (3) 8 mM glucose, amino acids, plus 10 nM glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP); and (4) 2 mM glucose. These stimuli interrogate β-cell function, α- to β-cell signaling, and incretin responses. We then correlated components of the Ca2+ waveforms to islet protein abundances in the same strains used for the Ca2+ measurements. To focus on proteins relevant to human islet function, we identified human orthologues of correlated mouse proteins that are proximal to glycemic-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms in human genome-wide association studies. Several orthologues have previously been shown to regulate insulin secretion (e.g. ABCC8, PCSK1, and GCK), supporting our mouse-to-human integration as a discovery platform. By integrating these data, we nominate novel regulators of islet Ca2+ oscillations and insulin secretion with potential relevance for human islet function. We also provide a resource for identifying appropriate mouse strains in which to study these regulators.
Broad functional profiling of fission yeast proteins using phenomics and machine learning
Authors: Rodríguez-López María , Bordin Nicola , Lees Jon , Scholes Harry , Hassan Shaimaa , Saintain Quentin , Kamrad Stephan , Orengo Christine , Bähler Jürg
Published: October 2023

Many proteins remain poorly characterized even in well-studied organisms, presenting a bottleneck for research. We applied phenomics and machine-learning approaches with Schizosaccharomyces pombe for broad cues on protein functions. We assayed colony-growth phenotypes to measure the fitness of deletion mutants for 3509 non-essential genes in 131 conditions with different nutrients, drugs, and stresses. These analyses exposed phenotypes for 3492 mutants, including 124 mutants of ‘priority unstudied’ proteins conserved in humans, providing varied functional clues. For example, over 900 proteins were newly implicated in the resistance to oxidative stress. Phenotype-correlation networks suggested roles for poorly characterized proteins through ‘guilt by association’ with known proteins. For complementary functional insights, we predicted Gene Ontology (GO) terms using machine learning methods exploiting protein-network and protein-homology data (NET-FF). We obtained 56,594 high-scoring GO predictions, of which 22,060 also featured high information content. Our phenotype-correlation data and NET-FF predictions showed a strong concordance with existing PomBase GO annotations and protein networks, with integrated analyses revealing 1675 novel GO predictions for 783 genes, including 47 predictions for 23 priority unstudied proteins. Experimental validation identified new proteins involved in cellular aging, showing that these predictions and phenomics data provide a rich resource to uncover new protein functions.
Integrin β4 promotes DNA damage-related drug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer via TNFAIP2/IQGAP1/RAC1
Authors: Fang Huan , Ren Wenlong , Cui Qiuxia , Liang Huichun , Yang Chuanyu , Liu Wenjing , Wang Xinye , Liu Xue , Shi Yujie , Feng Jing , Chen Ceshi
Published: October 2023

Anti-tumor drug resistance is a challenge for human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. Our previous work demonstrated that TNFAIP2 activates RAC1 to promote TNBC cell proliferation and migration. However, the mechanism by which TNFAIP2 activates RAC1 is unknown. In this study, we found that TNFAIP2 interacts with IQGAP1 and Integrin β4. Integrin β4 activates RAC1 through TNFAIP2 and IQGAP1 and confers DNA damage-related drug resistance in TNBC. These results indicate that the Integrin β4/TNFAIP2/IQGAP1/RAC1 axis provides potential therapeutic targets to overcome DNA damage-related drug resistance in TNBC.
Structural basis for the preservation of a subset of topologically associating domains in interphase chromosomes upon cohesin depletion
Authors: Jeong Davin , Shi Guang , Li Xin , Thirumalai D
Published: October 2023

Compartment formation in interphase chromosomes is a result of spatial segregation between euchromatin and heterochromatin on a few megabase pairs (Mbp) scale. On the sub-Mbp scales, topologically associating domains (TADs) appear as interacting domains along the diagonal in the ensemble averaged Hi-C contact map. Hi-C experiments showed that most of the TADs vanish upon deleting cohesin, while the compartment structure is maintained, and perhaps even enhanced. However, closer inspection of the data reveals that a non-negligible fraction of TADs is preserved (P-TADs) after cohesin loss. Imaging experiments show that, at the single-cell level, TAD-like structures are present even without cohesin. To provide a structural basis for these findings, we first used polymer simulations to show that certain TADs with epigenetic switches across their boundaries survive after depletion of loops. More importantly, the three-dimensional structures show that many of the P-TADs have sharp physical boundaries. Informed by the simulations, we analyzed the Hi-C maps (with and without cohesin) in mouse liver and human colorectal carcinoma cell lines, which affirmed that epigenetic switches and physical boundaries (calculated using the predicted 3D structures using the data-driven HIPPS method that uses Hi-C as the input) explain the origin of the P-TADs. Single-cell structures display TAD-like features in the absence of cohesin that are remarkably similar to the findings in imaging experiments. Some P-TADs, with physical boundaries, are relevant to the retention of enhancer–promoter/promoter–promoter interactions. Overall, our study shows that preservation of a subset of TADs upon removing cohesin is a robust phenomenon that is valid across multiple cell lines.
A novel machine learning algorithm selects proteome signature to specifically identify cancer exosomes
Authors: Li Bingrui , Kugeratski Fernanda G , Kalluri Raghu
Published: October 2023

Non-invasive early cancer diagnosis remains challenging due to the low sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic approaches. Exosomes are membrane-bound nanovesicles secreted by all cells that contain DNA, RNA, and proteins that are representative of the parent cells. This property, along with the abundance of exosomes in biological fluids makes them compelling candidates as biomarkers. However, a rapid and flexible exosome-based diagnostic method to distinguish human cancers across cancer types in diverse biological fluids is yet to be defined. Here, we describe a novel machine learning-based computational method to distinguish cancers using a panel of proteins associated with exosomes. Employing datasets of exosome proteins from human cell lines, tissue, plasma, serum, and urine samples from a variety of cancers, we identify Clathrin Heavy Chain (CLTC), Ezrin, (EZR), Talin-1 (TLN1), Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), and Moesin (MSN) as highly abundant universal biomarkers for exosomes and define three panels of pan-cancer exosome proteins that distinguish cancer exosomes from other exosomes and aid in classifying cancer subtypes employing random forest models. All the models using proteins from plasma, serum, or urine-derived exosomes yield AUROC scores higher than 0.91 and demonstrate superior performance compared to Support Vector Machine, K Nearest Neighbor Classifier and Gaussian Naive Bayes. This study provides a reliable protein biomarker signature associated with cancer exosomes with scalable machine learning capability for a sensitive and specific non-invasive method of cancer diagnosis.