bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History and Narrative in Japanese
Authors: Kumakura Chiyuki
Published: December 2019

This essay analyzes what Oe Kenzaburo (1994 Nobel laureate in literature) calls two opposing poles of ambiguity. The modernization of the Japanese language has been oriented toward learning from and imitating Indo-European languages (or Chinese), which permits one to make objective statements. Yet native Japanese (yamato kotoba) is unequivocally oriented by the speaker's standpoint which is naturally subjective, reflecting only his/her perceptions and judgments. To Oe, this ambiguous orientation of the Japanese language has forced its culture into obscurity and isolation. In my analysis, the "interpersonal" nature of Japanese (derived from the speaker orientation) and the interpersonal culture of Japan (derived from the language) have created a culture that appears ambiguous and may often be considered inscrutable from a European perspective. However, interpersonality as a feature of Japanese culture and in Japanese discourse is a new concept that deserves further examination.
INTRODUCTION TO ANDREAS KABLITZ’S RENAISSANCE – REBIRTH: SOME REMARKS ABOUT THE HUMANISTIC INTERPRETATION OF HISTORY
Authors: Behler Ernst
Published: December 2019

In the context of the Third International Conference on Humanistic Discourse, this text introduces Andreas Kablitz’s "Renaissance-Rebirth: Some Remarks about the Humanistic Interpretation of History" and reports on the central concerns that emerged in its discussion.
ADAPTING WEB ELECTRONIC LIBRARIES TO ENGLISH STUDIES
Authors: Douglas Christopher , Jerz Dennis G. , Lancashire Ian
Published: December 2019

University of Toronto's Department of English developed UTEL, a teaching and research World Wide Web site designed to foreground the diverse theoretical and methodological approaches in that department's views on literature. We argue that academia needs to build local academic content into electronic libraries by supplying faculty essays, notes, lecture materials, and dedicated databases, all selected and created to mirror the specific purposes and identities of the academics who will use it. Doing so requires a long-term institutional infrastructure with peer review, and coherent goals — a model not found in individual or commercial Web collections, in purely administrative departmental sites, or on the World Wide Web itself.
L’INSTITUTION LITTÉRAIRE ET L’EXCLUSION DE L’AUTOCHTONE EN AMÉRIQUE LATINE
Authors: Chanady Amaryll
Published: December 2019

L’exclusion des productions d’art verbal autochtone, après la conquête, par des anthologies et des manuels d’histoire littéraires traduit une conception monolithique de la culture latino-américaine, tandis que l’inclusion de sélections précolombiennes minimales sert souvent à s’approprier un passé pour la constitution identitaire et la différenciation par rapport à l’Europe. Cette marginalisation de l’Autre est de plus en plus remise en question par des intellectuels d’Amérique latine.
THE RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION OF NATIVE AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES. THE CASE OF THE CREE NATION
Authors: Coon-Come Matthew
Published: December 2019

The cultural situation of native American peoples, with specific reference to the Cree people of James Bay.
The Expanded Body and the Fragmented Body: Inside and Beyond Narrative
Authors: Pandolfi Maria
Published: December 2019

A rethinking of anthropology in terms of Gramsci's account of resistance with special focus on the example of witchcraft in Italy.
PROBLÉMATIQUE D’UNE NOUVELLE LITTÉRATURE
Authors: Allard Jacques
Published: December 2019

Perspective sur l’histoire, la problématique et la situation actuelle de la littérature au Québec.
REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE OR THE PET SHOP BOYS FOREVER
Authors: Balfour Ian
Published: December 2019

The relation of revolution to historical time, the politics of pop music. How the British group The Pet Shop Boys submits pop music, sexuality and politics to an infinitizing rhetoric.
LE CINÉMA COMME OPÉRATEUR D’ANALYSE
Authors: Bensmaïa Réda
Published: December 2019

Comment le film, d’abord objet d’analyse, est devenu un modèle d’analyse. Le film et la nature disciplinaire de la théorie.
NOTES TOWARDS A POLITICS OF "AMERICAN" CRITICISM
Authors: Bové Paul A.
Published: December 2019

A meditation on the nature of oppositional criticism and the problems of opposition within and to the discipline and discourse of "American Studies".
CORPUS EPOCHALIS. MYSTICISM, BODY, HISTORY
Authors: Mihailescu Calin
Published: December 2019

The discourse of the body and history in the mystical tradition, especially Pascal. De Certeau on the history of Mysticism, Deleuze and Guattari on the body.
L’identité assignée : du lieu et ses manifestations discursives
Authors: Boudreau Annette
Published: December 2019

L’auteure analyse les liens entre le lieu, les discriminations linguistiques et les processus de minorisation à la base des hiérarchies et des inégalités sociales entre locuteurs francophones au Canada. Plus particulièrement, elle montre comment les francophones bilingues des régions périphériques qui font usage de pratiques mélangées du français et de l’anglais – dans des slogans, dans des chansons – sont souvent ciblés comme exemples à ne pas imiter dans les médias nationaux pour montrer l’appauvrissement du français au pays. Considérés comme des francophones illégitimes par les tenants de ces discours, certains locuteurs visés intériorisent ce sentiment et le tiennent pour naturel et allant de soi ; ils se cantonnent dans le silence pour éviter de se faire juger. D’autres, surtout les artistes, tentent de répondre à ces discours hégémoniques par des stratégies diverses, dont la mise en scène des traits stigmatisés. L’Acadie servira d’exemple pour illustrer ces différentes manifestations.
« Dis woir », le concours du plus bel accent neuchâtelois : une action de déminorisation ?
Authors: Matthey Marinette
Published: December 2019

Cette contribution analyse un évènement peu banal, un concours d’accent régional. Après avoir contextualisé l’évènement et ses acteurs en faisant le récit de l’opération « Dis woir », l’article se focalise sur la gagnante du concours, rencontrée en 2017, dix ans après avoir été couronnée ambassadrice de l’accent neuchâtelois. Comment a-t-elle vécu cet évènement largement médiatisé au niveau suisse romand ? D’un point de vue sociolinguistique, peut-on dire que les objectifs poursuivis par les organisateurs du concours ont été atteints ? Le concours peut-il être interprété comme un acte de déminorisation ? Pourquoi n’a-t-il pas été répliqué ailleurs en Suisse romande jusqu’à ce jour ? L’article propose des éléments de réponse à ces diverses interrogations.
« Accent rigolo » et « bouche en cul de poule » : qui minore qui à Marseille ?
Authors: Gasquet-Cyrus Médéric , Wharton Sylvie
Published: December 2019

Cet article s’intéresse à la manière dont, à Marseille, des locuteurs membres d’un groupe a priori dominant se retrouvent en situation de minoration dans un marché linguistique local, dans lequel les règles du jeu linguistique ne sont pas les mêmes qu’à l’échelle nationale. La façon dont certains Marseillais se moquent de leur façon de parler traduit bien un renversement du rapport de forces sociolinguistique. Cependant, la traditionnelle opposition « Parisien » vs « Marseillais » est reconfigurée depuis un certain temps en raison de l’arrivée et de la présence visible et audible de nouveaux habitants aux profils socioéconomiques et sociolinguistiques différents. L’étude du contact entre les Marseillais et les nouveaux arrivants nous permet d’analyser les processus de minoration (explicites ou implicites) qui passent notamment par le filtre de l’humour lorsque celui-ci est focalisé sur l’identité linguistique.
Emergencia del periodismo digital
Authors: Cavaller Víctor
Published: December 2019

La agenda creciente de conferencias en torno al periodismo digital pone en evidencia el enorme interés que las nuevas y diferentes modalidades de difusión de la información a través de internet están teniendo. El conflicto entre rigor y necesidad de inmediatez informativa, que acompaña fenómenos como la sobreinformación, la intoxicación o las noticias falsas, permite hablar de una emergencia en un sentido desdoblado, entendido como urgencia de conocimiento de técnicas, de formación y de comunicación de experiencias.
Associação entre sintomas depressivos e disfunção sexual em homens com lesão medular traumática
Authors: Ferro Josepha Karinne De Oliveira , Silva Caroline Palácio da , Oliveira Daniella Araújo de
Published: December 2019

Introdução: A lesão medular acarreta em perda da independência funcional, autonomia e status social. Essa enorme mudança contribui para o aparecimento dos sintomas depressivos nessa população. Objetivo: Avaliar os sintomas depressivos e disfunção sexual em homens com lesão medular traumática, analisando a associação entre eles. Métodos: Estudo observacional, realizado com 44 homens com lesão medular traumática, idade entre 18 e 60 anos, tempo de lesão superior a um ano e vida sexual ativa. O grau de comprometimento neurológico foi avaliado através da versão revisada em 2011 da ASIA Impairment Scale, os sintomas depressivos através do Inventário de Depressão de Beck e a função sexual através do Índice Internacional de Função Erétil. Foram aplicadas técnicas de estatística descritiva e análise bivariada para verificar associação, utilizando um nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: Os voluntários possuíam média de idade de 34,1 anos, e tempo médio de lesão de 7,7 anos. Todos os indivíduos da amostra tinham nível de lesão acima do segmento medular L2, sendo as incompletas as mais frequentes (68,2%). O tempo médio da última relação sexual foi de 56,5 dias e a frequência semanal de relação sexual foi a mais relatada (65,9%). Da amostra, apenas 17,6% tinham sintomas depressivos, sendo 6,8% com disforia e 6,8% apresentando sintomas leves a moderados. Não foi encontrada associação entre sintomas depressivos e disfunção sexual, exceto para o domínio da disfunção de satisfação geral (p=0,02). Conclusão: Não existe associação entre sintomas depressivos e disfunção sexual em homens com lesão medular crônica.
Assessment of postural sway in people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Pimenta Bruno José Frederico , Moura Felipe Arruda , Santos Camila Ramos dos , Martins Raquel De Melo , Cardoso Jefferson Rosa , Marques Inara
Published: December 2019

Introdução: Alterações motoras são observadas em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS. Essas alterações podem estar associadas à cronicidade da infecção, uso contínuo da medicação antiretroviral e ou pela presença de comorbidades. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a oscilação postural de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS assintomáticos em tratamento com terapia antirretroviral altamente ativa. Métodos: Vinte e sete indivíduos, recrutados em um centro de referência em HIV, com idade entre 30 e 40 anos, participaram do estudo, divididos em dois grupos: grupo HIV (n=12) e grupo não HIV (n=15). Os participantes realizaram uma tarefa experimental, permanecendo em uma plataforma de força em posição estática, em posições de apoio bipodal e semi-tandem, em condições com e sem visão. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que a oclusão visual, quando adotada a base bipodal, gerou diferenças significativas na área de oscilação e velocidade média em ambos os grupos. Diferenças também foram observadas na área e velocidade média de ambos os grupos quando a posição semi-tandem foi adotada sem visão. Ao comparar os grupos, foi possível identificar diferenças significativas na base semi-tandem com visão. Conclusão: Considerando esses resultados, constatou-se que a oscilação postural foi maior na condição de oclusão visual para ambos os grupos. Concomitante a isso, concluímos que na condição desafiadora, onde a base de suporte é reduzida, o grupo HIV apresenta maior oscilação (médio-lateral) que o grupo não HIV.
Caracterização de homicídios e aspectos associados ao uso de drogas ilícitas em uma Capital no Nordeste Brasileiro
Authors: Veloso Alline Oliveira do Nascimento , Keomma Kaio , Coutinho Mayrla Sousa , Cavalcanti Alessandro Leite
Published: December 2019

Introdução: O homicídio é um problema de Saúde Pública no Brasil não raro relacionado com drogas ilícitas. Objetivo: Caracterizar os homicídios e os aspectos associados ao uso de drogas ilícitas. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em João Pessoa, no estado da Paraíba, no Brasil, em 2014. Consideraram-se 424 vítimas de homicídios cujos dados foram coletados através de um instrumento próprio, analisados com auxílio de software estatístico, com Teste de Qui-Quadrado e Regressão Robusta de Poisson, considerando um nível confiança de 95% e significância estatística quando p<0,05. Resultados: Predominância de vítimas de homicídios homens (93,2%),  ão brancos (97,2%), com até 30 anos, considerando as faixas etárias de menor de 20 anos (22,6%), de 20 a 24 (26,7%) e 25 a 29 (18,8%), com menos de sete anos de estudo (67,5%), com histórico de envolvimento com drogas ilícitas (72,5%) e de encarceramento (59,7%). Observaram-se associações entre envolvimento com drogas ilícitas e as variáveis: sexo (p=0,037), idade (p=0,002) e histórico de encarceramento (p<0,001). A prevalência ajustada de envolvimento com drogas ilícitas foi 67% maior entre aqueles com histórico de encarceramento (RP: 1,67; IC95%: 1,44-1,94) e 28% menor entre indivíduos com 30 anos ou mais (RP: 0,72; IC: 0,58-0,88). Conclusão: O homicídio está inserido em um quadro de complexas questões sociais, dentre as quais se insere o envolvimento com drogas ilícitas, e é mais prevalente entre indivíduos com histórico de encarceramento e menos prevalente entre os de mais de 30 anos.
Sintomas depressivos em gestantes da atenção básica: prevalência e fatores associados
Authors: Dell'Osbel Rafaela Santi , Gregoletto Maria Luisa Oliveira , Cremonese Cleber
Published: December 2019

Introdução: O aparecimento de transtornos emocionais no início da gestação é frequente, entre eles estão os sintomas depressivos (SD), como sentimento de culpa, falta de apetite e de energia. Objetivo: Medir a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e fatores associados em gestantes atendidas na Atenção Básica. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico observacional transversal, constituído por gestantes, usuárias da Atenção Básica de Caxias do Sul/RS. Os SD foram avaliados por meio Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Realizou-se a análise bruta, onde calculou-se as razões de prevalência (RP) e respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC 95%). A comparação de variáveis categóricas ocorreu por meio do teste de Qui-Quadrado. A análise ajustada foi realizada por regressão de Poisson, utilizou-se a técnica de backwards, onde o modelo final foi construído a partir das variáveis com p ≤0,20 na análise bruta. Resultados: A amostra constituiu-se de 76 gestantes, destas 46,1% apresentaram SD. A média de idade foi de 26,6 anos (±5,95) e 72,4% estavam casadas ou em união estável. Houve associação significativa entre SD e estado civil (RP: 1,54; IC 95% 1,00-2,37; p=0,045) e a ocorrência de aborto em outras gestações (RP: 1,72; IC 95% 1,08-2,74; p=0,022). Conclusão: Observou-se uma elevada prevalência de SD, comparando a estudos regionais, nas gestantes investigadas. Identificou-se como fatores associados ao desfecho, o estado civil e histórico de aborto, podendo trazer problemas na gestação e no pós-parto. Assim, percebe-se a necessidade de instrumentos e estratégias para identificar a presença de SD na fase inicial da gestação, para que sejam diagnosticados e tratados.
Manejo de alopecia no paciente em tratamento oncológico
Authors: Turke Karine Corcione , Fraga Neto Jose Roberto , Oliveira Deli Brito de , Pinto Laissa Arruda , Schoueri Jean , Salzano Vanessa , Fabra Dolores Gonzalez
Published: December 2019

Introdução: O tratamento do câncer vem evoluindo a cada dia. Entretanto, efeitos adversos como alterações dermatológicas apresentam um grande impacto psicossocial ao paciente oncológico. Uma dessas alterações dermatológicas é a alopecia, caracterizada pela perda dos fios da sobrancelha e do couro cabeludo. Relato de caso: Foram referidos dois casos de pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico com alopecia parcial e total. Ambas receberam tratamento por meio do Minoxidil, de uso tópico, havendo repilação completa após três meses. Não foram observados efeitos adversos. Conclusão: A loção tópica de Minoxidil mostrou-se um método efetivo e seguro para tratar a alopecia parcial e total em pacientes que ainda estão em tratamento oncológico.
Professor Ohannes Kafejian
Authors: Haddad Andréa Paula Kafejian
Published: December 2019

Não se aplica
Preliminary elaboration of a Permeability Map of Italy starting from the information of the Lithological Map of Italy
Authors: Gafà Rossella Maria , Martarelli Lucio , Monti Gennaro Maria , Silvi Angelantonio , La Vigna Francesco
Published: December 2019

Il Servizio Geologico d’Italia di ISPRA, in qualità di Organo Cartografico dello Stato e quindi depositario di una notevole mole di informazioni geologiche territoriali, organizzate anche in banche dati, cura la produzione di varia cartografia geologica e geotematica, in buona parte consultabile on-line dal Portale del Servizio Geologico (http://sgi.isprambiente.it/ geoportal) [...].
Between 2019 and 2020 over scientific events and awards for young people
Authors: Ducci Daniela , Rusi Sergio
Published: December 2019

Nei mesi finali del 2019 sono stati portati a termine diversi eventi co-organizzati o patrocinati da IAH Italy. Il 30 settembre a Bologna, nella sede della Regione Emilia- Romagna di Viale della Fiera è stato fatto il punto sulla lotta al cambiamento climatico, durante il convegno “Cambiamenti climatici e acque sotterranee” [...]
Fine-scale site fidelity in California sea lions, Zalophus californianus, in the colony at Los Islotes, La Paz Bay, Mexico
Authors: Rayas-Estrada Andrea , Hernández-Camacho Claudia Janetl
Published: December 2019

Fine-scale site fidelity in polygynous pinnipeds influences individual interactions, social stability, and gene flow; over time, demographic processes may be altered, and local extinction of some colonies may occur. The goal of this study was to evaluate fine-scale site fidelity as it relates to reproductive success of California sea lion, Zalophus californianus, adult females at 3 different reproductive sites in the Los Islotes rookery in La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Reproductive history data for 5 cohorts of California sea lions marked as pups between 1980 and 1984 were used to estimate the individual fine-scale site fidelity index and the return rate. A Pearson correlation was used to evaluate whether there was a relationship between site fidelity and reproductive success (number of pups that a female had during the stud period) during the 9-yr study period, and a chi-square test was used to compare reproductive success between sites. Adult female California sea lions showed high site fidelity to the colony, with the majority showing site fidelity values >40%; sites A and B had high return rates, whereas site C was the least preferred. There was no significant difference in the relationship between the fine-scale site fidelity index and reproductive success, or in reproductive success between sites. The high degree of fine-scale site fidelity apparently has not had negative effects on this colony, as evidenced by the significant increase in population size over the last 3 decades and the relatively high reproductive rates.
Otorhinolaryngological Disorders Implicated in Facial Nerve Paralysis in a Tertiary Hospital in Port Harcourt
Authors: Uju Ibekwe Matilda , Ugonna Anyama Ernest
Published: December 2019

Background: It is not all facial nerve palsy that presents to the otorhinolaryngologist that is Bell’s palsy; therefore there is a need for proper evaluation of these patients. This study is to determine the pattern and prevalence of otorhinolaryngologic disorders associated with facial nerve paralysis.

Aim: To determine the prevalence and pattern of otorhinological disorders implicated in facial nerve paralysis in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.

Patients and Methods: Study design: This was a hospital-based descriptive study. The patients diagnosed with facial nerve paralysis seen in the Ear Nose and Throat surgery and Physiotherapy departments of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) from January 2014 to December 2018 were collated and those among them with associated otorhinolaryngological disorders were recruited and studied. Data on patient demographics, presenting complaints and ear nose and throat disorders were sought from the case files, clinic and ward registers. Data entry was done using Microsoft Excel and exported to United States CDC Epi-Info version 7 for data analysis. Frequency tables and appropriate charts were used to present data. Chi square statistics was performed to determine significant differences between demographics of the patients and category of facial nerve palsy patients at alpha level of 0.05.

Results: 76 patients with facial nerve paralysis, twenty one of them were associated with ORL disorder giving a prevalence of 27.6%. Ages below 40 years were the most affected and a slight male preponderance. Acute and chronic otitis media were seen in 33.3% of these patients respectively while Ramsay hunt syndrome and otitis externa were seen in 9.5%. Age and incidence of ORL disorders in these patients had statistical correlation.

Conclusion: ORL disorders associated with facial paralysis are still prevalent and otitis media appear to be the most common.
Geomorphological Parameters as Correlates of Channel Erosion in River Ajilosun in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors: Arohunsoro S. J. , Ojo O. O. , Shittu A. A.
Published: December 2019

The paper examined the relationship between geomorphological parameters and channel erosion in River Ajilosun in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Data on geomorphological parameters and channel erosion of the River Ajilosun were generated through direct field measurements using tape measure, ranging pole and a piece of flat board. Some of the variables were also derived through simple linear mathematical relationships. Analysis of the various data was done with both descriptive and inferential techniques. The result of the analysis showed that channel erosion exhibited spatial variation across and along the longitudinal profiles of River Ajilosun and also between the concrete-channelised and the alluvial reaches of the river. The result of the analysis also revealed both positive and negative correlations between the geomorphological parameters and channel erosion in the river. The measures suggested for controlling channel erosion in River Ajilosun included effective channel and slope management, improvement of the channel capacity retention of channel bank vegetation and protection of the valley side vegetation among others.
Patients With Perforated Peptic Ulcers: Risk Factors for Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Ciftci Fatih , Erözgen Fazilet
Published: December 2019

Perforated peptic ulcers continue to be an important problem in surgical practice. In this study, risk factors for peptic ulcer perforation-associated mortality and morbidity were evaluated. This is a retrospective study of patients surgically treated for perforated peptic ulcer over a decade (March 1999–December 2014). Patient age, sex, complaints at presentation, time lapse between onset of complaints and presentation to the hospital, physical findings, comorbidities, laboratory and imaging findings, length of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality were recorded. The Mannheim peritonitis index (MPI) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score were calculated and recorded for each patient on admission to the hospital. Of the 149 patients, mean age was 50.6 ± 19 years (range: 17–86). Of these, 129 (86.5%) were males and 20 (13.4%) females. At least 1 comorbidity was found in 42 (28.1%) of the patients. Complications developed in 36 (24.1%) of the patients during the postoperative period. The most frequent complication was wound site infection. There was mortality in 26 (17.4%) patients and the most frequent cause of mortality was sepsis. Variables that were found to have statistically significant effects on morbidity included age older than 60 years, presence of comorbidities, and MPI (P = 0.029, 0.013, and 0.013, respectively). In a multivariate analysis, age older than 60 years, presence of comorbidities, and MPI were independent risk factors that affected morbidity. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age older than 60 years [P = 0.006, odds ratio (OR) = 5.99, confidence interval (CI) = 0.95] and comorbidities (OR = 2.73, CI = 0.95) were independent risk factors that affected morbidity. MPI and APACHE II scoring were both predictive of mortality. Age older than 60, presentation time, and MPI were independent risk factors for mortality. Undelayed diagnosis and appropriate treatment are of the utmost importance when presenting with a perforated peptic ulcer. We believe close observation of high-risk patients during the postoperative period may decrease morbidity and mortality rates.
Comparison of Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy With Open Distal Gastrectomy for Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Single-Center Analysis From a Community Hospital
Authors: Matsuda Satoru , Booka Eisuke , Mori Keita , Mihara Koki , Nishiya Shin , Handa Kan , Ono Shigeshi , Ito Yasuhiro , Shibutani Sintaro , Egawa Tomohisa
Published: December 2019

Objective:

This study is aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) at the community hospital.

Summary of Background Data:

Although various clinical trials have shown that laparoscopic distal gastrectomy was feasible in patients with early gastric cancer, its safety and efficacy for patients with advanced gastric cancer need to be elucidated.

Methods:

Patients with pathological Stage IB-III gastric cancer who underwent open distal gastrectomy (ODG) or LDG with D1+ or more extended lymph node (LN) dissection between 2007 and 2014 were eligible for this retrospective study. Patient characteristics, clinicopathologic factors, and post-treatment recurrence were recorded. To evaluate the safety of the surgery, surgical outcomes and postoperative complication were investigated.

Results:

638 patients underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer, with 67 patients included in ODG group and 61 included in LDG group. Patients in the ODG group showed significantly more progressive disease than those in the LDG group. Postoperative infectious complications, [≥Clavien-Dindo (C-D) classification grade III] occurred 6% in all patients, and there was no significant difference between groups. Hospital stay (median, range) was (9, 6–45) in ODG and (7, 5–58) in LDG, with significantly shorter stays in the LDG group (<0.001).

Conclusions:

LDG could be safely performed for advanced gastric cancer in a community hospital. However, long-term outcomes, including types of postoperative recurrence, need further evaluation.
CENÁRIO DAS EMBALAGENS PÓS-CONSUMO DE SANEANTES DESINFESTANTES DE USO PROFISSIONAL EM ALAGOINHAS-BA: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA
Authors: Vaz Grice Anne Dos Santos , Moraes Luiz Roberto Santos
Published: December 2019

A realização do controle químico de pragas e vetores urbanos executado por empresas especializadas e nas campanhas de saúde pública gera como resíduo sólido as embalagens pós-consumo dos saneantes desinfestantes que, em diversos aspectos, dentre eles, a sua composição e toxicidade, são comparados aos dos agrotóxicos. Esses resíduos ainda são pouco discutidos, sendo escassos os trabalhos que se preocupam com o tema, e o cenário é pouco evidente. Diante desse contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os sistemas de gerenciamento das embalagens vazias de saneantes desinfestantes de uso profissional no município de Alagoinhas-BA. Após pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com o Poder Público e as empresas especializadas no controle de pragas e vetores urbanos, bem como de observação em campo nas empresas e órgãos públicos investigados. A análise das entrevistas e das informações documentais ocorreu com o uso da técnica análise de conteúdo. Todas as informações e registro das observações em campo foram comparados com o estabelecido na legislação e normas da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Dos recipientes gerados, 30,68% são representados por laváveis (recicláveis), e 69,32% por não laváveis (não recicláveis). A logística reversa ainda não foi implementada por todos os geradores desse resíduo, e entre alguns obstáculos podem ser citados o custo operacional no transporte, a ausência da realização de etapas intra-estabelecimento, e o não envolvimento de todos os agentes implicados no ciclo de vida do produto. Embora exista um Programa para o recebimento de algumas embalagens que circulam nesse setor de controle de pragas, ainda é pouco difundido e não contempla o município de Alagoinhas. A falta de controle no setor favorece a atuação ilegal, a qual se torna fonte de canais clandestinos da geração desses resíduos perigosos.
ANÁLISE QUALI-QUANTITATIVA DA ÁGUA CONDENSADA GERADA POR APARELHOS DE AR-CONDICIONADO
Authors: Rodrigues Jéssika Oliveira Neles , Cabral da Silva Tarciso , Athayde Júnior Gilson Barbosa
Published: December 2019

O crescimento populacional, a poluição, o uso não racional e a distribuição desigual dos corpos hídricos e aquíferos acentuam a escassez hídrica, principalmente em regiões áridas e semiáridas. A fim de aumentar o leque de opções para o suprimento hídrico, surge a possibilidade do uso de fontes alternativas. Neste sentido, o aparelho de ar-condicionado é uma opção, pois opera de forma que ocorre a condensação do ar, gerando água, que é comumente desprezada. O presente trabalho analisou a viabilidade do uso da água condensada em aparelhos no órgão ambiental da Paraíba (SUDEMA) e a chance de se tornar uma fonte alternativa de água para usos não potáveis. Realizaram-se a coleta do volume e a análise físico-química e microbiológica da água gerada nestes aparelhos. Por meio da obtenção do consumo de água do edifício, foi possível comparar o volume obtido da condensação dos aparelhos com o volume consumido mensalmente no órgão, resultando numa capacidade de redução do consumo de água de até 7,5 %. Os parâmetros analisados foram comparados com as Classes de Reúso 1 e 3 do Manual de Conservação e Reúso da água em Edificações da Agência Nacional de Águas, obtendo-se resultados satisfatórios para o uso da água.
Plato's
Symposium
: Eros, Beauty, and Metaphysical Desire
Authors: Nightingale Andrea
Published: December 2019

This chapter analyzes Plato's views of love and beauty in the
Symposium
. It examines the literary aspects of the dialogue and discusses the cultural context in which the symposium took place. It sets forth the norms for homosexual relationships in ancient Athens, examines the key speeches in the text and their different conceptions of love, analyzes Plato's notion of “metaphysical desire,” and discusses the reception of Plato's
Symposium
and its theory of love in Christian, Islamic, Jewish, and secular writers in later periods.
Bridge Essay: Origins and Transformations: Tactics of Storying and World‐Making
Authors: Gallagher Lowell
Published: December 2019

If the human is an evolutionary project always under construction, the human is also a perennial occasion to reflect on how the topic of world literature depends on the pivotal position of the all‐too‐human drive to create worlds out of the basic conditions of life and then build stories to make sense of the consequences. This chapter presents core narrative and philosophical ideas that inform the generative conditions for origin stories across world literatures. Focusing on classical, Jewish, and early Christian renderings of origins, the chapter demonstrates how critical questions raised in narratology, cultural criticism, and trauma studies help account for both structural affinities and diverse treatments of origin stories, considered as explanatory and therapeutic devices to make sense of the “world” and how “we” got “here” in world literatures.
Hesiod'sTheogony: From Family Violence to Civic Order
Authors: Scully Stephen
Published: December 2019

Hesiod'sTheogonynarrates the evolution of the universe from its origin to the making of culture when Zeus establishes Olympus in the third generation of gods. Evolution begins with Chaos (a Gap), immediately followed by female Earth, and mind‐bending Eros (Sexual Love). The first two generations are subject to violent struggles within the family, as fathers try to prevent the birth of their children and mothers seek to hurt fathers, before Zeus ends this cycle of violence by establishing a stable and permanent community of gods, characterized by liberation of the oppressed, communal laws, and shared honors.
Bridge Essay: Shifting Paradigms in Orality, Literacy, and Literature
Authors: Minchin Elizabeth
Published: December 2019

This chapter outlines the “discovery” in the twentieth century of oral traditional art, from the perspective of the Homeric epics. It notes subsequent interest in comparative studies of a vast number of oral traditions from across the globe; it draws attention to the theorizing of oral cultures and oral practices (in particular, a questioning of a binary model of orality versus literacy); it points to the complex role that memory plays in the production of oral traditional song; and, finally, it asks whether we can judge oral art by the same standards that we apply to works of literature.
Contextualizing the Babylonian Talmud: TheRoman East and Mesopotamian Christianity
Authors: Kalmin Richard
Published: December 2019

This chapter argues that a significant cultural change is discernible in fourth‐century Babylonia and later, due to the incorporation into the Babylonian Talmud (the Bavli) of non‐rabbinic and even non‐Jewish traditions from the eastern Roman provinces as well as traditions deriving from and information concerning Christian and pagan cultures east of Syria. These conclusions support the thesis that it is critically important to study the Bavli in light of multiple cultural contexts, in contrast to most scholars, who tend to study the cultures of late antique Mesopotamia in blissful isolation from one another, or who emphasize the central importance of the Persian context for understanding the Bavli.
Aeschylus,
Oresteia
: Revenge, Justice, Gender, and Democracy
Authors: Sommerstein Alan H.
Published: December 2019

Has any work of dramatic literature contributed more than the
Oresteia
to the development of literary conflict as well as to moral, philosophical, and legal thought since its production in 458
bce
? This suite of four plays (the first three of which are preserved) by the Athenian tragic dramatist Aeschylus presents the murder of Agamemnon by his wife and her lover, the killing of both by Agamemnon's son Orestes, and his trial at Athens in ways that have prodded human conscience for two‐and‐a‐half millennia, and its ideas continue to reverberate today. Its main themes include justice and revenge, gender struggle, and the relations of gods with mortals. It is also noteworthy that the
Oresteia
was “engaged” literature, its concluding portions being strongly relevant to Athenian politics of the day.
Vergil's
Aeneid
: From Defeated Trojans to Imperial Romans
Authors: Perkell Christine
Published: December 2019

The
Aeneid
of Vergil (70–19
bce
) introduces a figure new to heroic epic, i.e. Aeneas, the selfless hero, dedicated to mission on behalf of others (i.e., the Trojan survivors of war) – a significant deviation from the individual purposes of the Homeric heroes, Achilles and Odysseus, who precede him in the epic tradition. Aeneas, who has a heroic purpose arguably higher and nobler (bringing the Trojan exiles to a new homeland) than personal glory, exemplifies a new and enduring cultural paradigm. Through the figure of Aeneas Vergil heroizes the traditional Roman value of
pietas
(what one owes to gods, fatherland, family), thus Romanizing and modernizing epic. Aeneas' faith in his mission is tested by wrong turns, failures, and losses; but Aeneas' humanity and the moral limits of
pietas
are tested by his eventual victory and power. The poem asks if
furor
(violence, rage) – political and personal – can be contained by
imperium
(empire), reason, or Augustus. Its answer is equivocal.
Nine Songs, Li Sao, and Qu Yuan: The Ancient Art of Misreading
Authors: Sukhu Gopal
Published: December 2019

Nine SongsandLi saoare two of the principal works attributed to Qu Yuan, one of the earliest and most influential Chinese poets.Nine Songsis a series of shaman hymns.Li saois an allegory based on them that none of the traditional interpretations adequately explain. This chapter examines how traditional exegesis of theLi sao, as is the case with traditional exegesis in certain other ancient cultures, is based on intentional misreading, and shows how a literal and historically informed reading reveals the previously hidden allegorical structure of the poem.
Tao Yuanming's Poetics of Awkwardness
Authors: Tian Xiaofei
Published: December 2019

Tao Yuanming (365–427), aka Tao Qian, is a canonical poet in the Chinese tradition. This chapter introduces Tao's poetry in terms of his modes of self‐representation and his poetics of awkwardness, and argues that, in exploring such universal issues as identity, pursuit of happiness, and poetic self‐representation in unique ways, Tao Yuanming is a poet who not only belongs to the Chinese literary and cultural tradition but also very much belongs to the world.
Translations and Travels of a Pious Prince:
Barlaam and Josaphat
and the Text Network
Authors: McCracken Peggy
Published: December 2019

Barlaam and Josaphat
is a narrative about a pious prince based on the life of the Buddha. It circulated across vast geographical regions between the sixth and seventeenth centuries, forming what Daniel Selden has characterized as a autopoietic text network. A reading of the formal characteristics of the text alongside representations of meaning‐making within it suggests that the text network anticipates its own reproduction through figures of translation.
Bridge Essay: Looking for Love, Finding Trouble: Reading Ancient World Literature, Passionately
Authors: Matzner Sebastian
Published: December 2019

This chapter discusses the methodological issues that arise when studying imaginative representations of love, desire, and affection in ancient world literature. It offers reflections on the kinds of textual material that come into view; considers different possible literary‐critical frameworks for transcultural constellations of texts construed within (and beyond) the emerging corpus; and explores the particular pitfalls and potential of studying the erotics and politics of love in the literatures of the ancient world, both in relation to wider critical discussions on the theory and practice of world literature and to scholarly debates in the history of sexualities, queer studies, and reception studies.
Erotic Words, Sacred Landscapes, Ideal Bodies: Love and Death in the Song of Songs
Authors: Landy Francis
Published: December 2019

The Song of Songs, composed probably in the third centurybce, is one of the most influential poems in the Western erotic and mystical traditions, by virtue of its appearing in the Bible. It is a dialogue between two lovers in an idyllic pastoral landscape, seemingly without relation to the rest of the sacred text. It is, however, a critique of the biblical tradition, whose implicit question is: what was it all worth? For the Song, the answer is that love alone guarantees an ambiguous immortality. It is thus a tacit counter to Ecclesiastes' refrain that everything is illusory. I discuss the instability of gender in the Song and its questioning of patriarchy, to create a vulnerable maternal space for lovers' intimacy. This space is that of the poetic imagination, which is more real than the everyday world. The metaphors coalescence with the sound patterns of the Song to generate a synthesis of the body, the landscape, history, and the fauna and flora of ancient Israel.
“Southeast Fly the Peacocks”: An Elegy for Love from Early Medieval China
Authors: Hu Qiulei
Published: December 2019

“Southeast Fly the Peacocks” is one of the longest poems in premodern China, traditionally believed to be written in the Jian'an period (192–220
ce
). It tells the tragic love story of Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi, a married couple forced to separate and remarry by their senior family members. At the center of the tragedy is the irreconcilable conflict between individual free will and Confucian family duty. The poem is the literary precedent and inspiration of many great love stories later in the Chinese tradition. The plot of romantic love being destroyed by society and family bears similarities to some classic works of European literature, yet the social and familial contexts surrounding the protagonists' struggle for love are situated uniquely in a Confucian society. The poem's remarkable and nuanced treatment of the tragedy of love and creation of several compelling characters deserve a distinguished place in the classics of world literature.
Bridge Essay: Vernacularization and World Literature: The Language of Women in the World of God
Authors: Eisner Martin
Published: December 2019

Given Dante's prominent place in discussions of vernacularization, this chapter reconsiders the substance of Dante's theories and their relationship to his poetic practice. It proposes an investigation of vernacularization that encompasses not only the choice to write in the vernacular but also the decision to transmit those works. Taking up Dante's definition of the vernacular as the language of women, it argues that while Dante can use the vernacular in the world of God, the interventions of other mediators (scribes, editors, commentators) are necessary for the work to survive across time and communicate to future generations.
The Qurʾan (Koran)
Authors: DeYoung Terri , Mian Ali Altaf
Published: December 2019

The Qurʾan plays a dynamic role in the ordinary lives of Muslims whose relationship to this text is mediated by architecture and art, performative rituals, and the textual tradition of exegesis ortafsīr. This chapter places the Qurʾan in its late antique Near Eastern context but also comments on the particular ways Muslims relate to and read the Qurʾan. In this chapter we guide readers through the Qurʾan's historical background, its structure, style, as well as its pedagogical settings, the text's literary aspects, and its basic themes and moral lessons.
Kabbalah as Literature: Theology, Narrative, and Lyric
Authors: Fishbane Eitan P.
Published: December 2019

This chapter argues that the study of Kabbalah, like other fields of Judaica before it, conveys the deeply integrated nature of mystical creativity and literary art. For while Kabbalah and philosophy have long been viewed as sister fields, balancing both commonalities and antinomies, we may now suggest that Kabbalah and Jewish literature are also intimately related, reflecting affinities in form and imagination – the one frequently revealing the depths and concerns of the other. The nuanced development of lyric, mythic, symbolic, fictional, autobiographical, and hagiographical forms in the history of Kabbalah locate this textual landscape in the broader panorama of literary artistry across cultural, geographical, and temporal divides – within the global human effort to render experience, imagination, and meaning through the many‐sided prism of literature. As with other global mystical discourses, kabbalistic creativity may be valuably approached as a mode of spiritual artistry, a textual evocation of the human yearning for the Divine. So considered, Jewish mystical literature is an aesthetics of theological reflection, the vibration of the numinous in the lyric imagination of humanity.
Longing for Love: The Romance of Layla and Majnun
Authors: Seyed‐Gohrab Asghar
Published: December 2019

The love story ofLayla and Majnun(Majnūn and Laylā) refers to a body of romantic literature in several languages in the Islamic world. The romance revolves around the character of Qays and his love for Layla. Their love relationship has been proverbial throughout the Islamic world since the second half of the seventh century. Islamic mystics made allegories of this story to refer to the immaterial beloved from an early time. Even today, their love is celebrated in various cultural domains, in pop songs and operas, plays, paintings, sculptures, tiles, poetry, novels, and films.
Allegory and “World” Formation inThe Journey to the West
Authors: Lam Ling Hon
Published: December 2019

Before measuring the standing ofThe Journey to the Westin world literature, one has to inquire what the “world” stands for in the sixteenth‐century Chinese novel. Ideologically, the novel seems to construct a closed system of a Daoist allegory, which renders a historical Buddhist monk's pilgrimage to fetch the holy scriptures from India into an imaginative journey across the inner landscape in pursuit of immortality – a landscape that is at once inside the body and cosmological. The closed system starts to crack once we see that the mapping of this micro‐ and macro‐cosmos is never coherent and consistent within the story itself and throughout the history of its interpretations. The otherwise self‐contained Chinese religious allegory thus opens up to the world of historical contingency.
Ibn Battuta: A Fourteenth‐Century Muslim Traveler of Worldly Desire and Heavenly Hope
Authors: Waines David
Published: December 2019

Ibn Battuta's travels would easily rival the established place of
The Arabian Nights
in world literature. The
Travels
are the author's fourteenth‐century account of 30 years of travel from Morocco to China and back, which include his numerous pilgrimages to Mecca, observations on the origins of the Ottoman Empire, and a sojourn in India which contains valuable first‐hand observations on medieval rule. The
Travels
are unique in medieval travel literature both as a literary lens on contemporary Muslim societies and Ibn Battuta's personal encounters with people of every rank and gender.
Digenis Akritis
and the Frontiers of Byzantium
Authors: Jeffreys Elizabeth
Published: December 2019

Written in Greek,
Digenis Akritis
is the only epic to survive from Byzantium, the medieval Roman empire in the eastern Mediterranean. Digenis is of “two races,” part Arab, part Byzantine: he is the child of an Arab emir who abducted and married the daughter of a Byzantine general and then integrated into the Byzantine society on the borders with Syria. After a precocious childhood learning the arts of war and hunting Digenis too abducted a bride; he built a castle on the banks of the Euphrates and kept the peace on the borders until his death. The story was probably constructed in the mid‐twelfth century in Constantinople from tales circulating on the Byzantine–Syrian frontier which referred back to the Arab–Byzantine wars of the ninth and tenth centuries and perhaps even to events of the second‐century
bce
Roman client kingdom of Commagene. The rediscovery in Greece of the manuscripts of
Digenis Akritis
in the nineteenth century led to the hero becoming a patriotic emblem.