bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Domestic donkey (Equus asinus asinus) at Gonur Depe and its distribution in the Ancient East
Authors: Sataev R.M. , Dubova N.A. , Sataeva L.V.
Published: September 2022

The domestic donkey (Equus asinus asinus) is a hardy, versatile working animal. This species still plays an important role in the traditional economy of the peoples of Central Asia and adjacent regions. At the same time, very little is known about the ways in which this domestic species appeared in the region and the nature of its use in the early historical epochs. The morphological features of ancient donkeys are also poorly studied. It is as-sumed that donkeys appear in the Middle East in the 4th millennium BC. Zooarchaeological data shows that the ancient population of Turkmenistan did not breed the donkey until the Late Bronze Age. Equid bones found at Chalcolithic, Early and Middle Bronze Age sites belong to the onager (Equus hemionus). Donkey bones first ap-peared in the materials from the excavations of the sites of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Culture (BMAC). One of the most famous site of BMAC is Gonur Depe, the administrative and ceremonial center of ancient Margi-ana. It is located in the ancient delta of the Murghab River. Gonur Depe dates from 2500 till 1500 BC. The protourban center includes two main sites — North and South Gonur. During the excavation at Gonur, 142 indi-vidual bones and 9 complete skeletons of the domestic donkey were found. Perhaps the isolated donkey bones fell into the trash layers during the destruction of the ritual objects. No traces of purposeful slaughter of these animals and consumption of their meat were found. The donkey skeletons were found inside the human burials or in associated structures, although there are independent burials of these animals as well. So, for example, at the area 8, the donkey, surrounded by ceramic vessels was placed in a tomb made of adobe bricks. In the burials 3200 and 3900, the skeletons of donkeys were found alongside the skeletons of double-humped camels and re-mains of four-wheeled wagons. In total, 4 burials with carts were found at Gonur, where the skeletons of camels are always present, whereas only in two of them — the skeletons of donkeys. It is possible that the bulls and camels were main draft animals of the Gonur people, while the donkeys mainly played the role of a pack and rid-ing animals. The height at the withers of the Gonur donkeys, reconstructed on the basis of measurements of the complete skeletons, was 115–120 cms. These were animals of average size for their species.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Belajar Pengetahuan Alam Tingkat Sekolah Dasar Berbasis Android Menggunakan Model Waterfall
Authors: Hanif Aswar
Published: September 2022

Tujuan pembelajaran pengetahuan alam di sekolah dasar adalah untuk memberikan fondasi penguasaan teknologi yang berdasarkan pemikiran kritis dan kepribadian tinggi. Proses belajar konvensional masih tidak bisa terlepas dari permasalahan belajar yang umum bagi anak-anak, yaitu hilangnya ketertarikan. Dampak yang besar teknologi informasi dalam pendidikan, tidak semuanya bersifat memudahkan. Karena jumlah informasi yang banyak, dan ketidakmampuan anak-anak dalam memilih bahan pembelajaran yang sesuai, sangat penting untuk mengembangkan sistem pembelajaran yang dipersonalisasi untuk mereka, yang merekomendasikan materi pembelajaran yang relevan berdasarkan tingkat dan preferensi mereka. Karena itu dikembangkan sebuah aplikasi belajar yang mengangkat topik dan materi yang lebih spesifik dari ilmu pengetahuan alam, untuk menghasilkan media belajar yang lebih relevan. Keadaan menunjukkan bahwa untuk menjangkau banyak pengguna, pengembangan aplikasi belajar sebaiknya diarahkan ke dalam bentuk mobile. Aplikasi belajar pengetahuan alam dibangun menggunakan Model Waterfall yang cukup efektif untuk pengembangan perangkat lunak sederhana dalam sebuah proyek kecil. Penggunaan MIT App Inventor menjadikan proses implementasi menjadi lebih mudah dan lebih cepat. Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap aplikasi menunjukkan hasil yang sesuai dengan analisis kebutuhan dan rancangan. Penggunaan kombinasi gambar dengan warna yang menarik dan animasi diharapkan bisa meningkatkan ketertarikan anak dan memberikan proses belajar yang tidak jenuh.
Penerapan Teknologi Video 360 Derajat Berbasis Virtual Reality Menggunakan Google Cardboard Sebagai Media Alternatif Pengenalan Kampus Institut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto
Authors: Putra Vico Meylana Eka , Prasetyo Novian Adi , Arifa Amalia Beladinna
Published: September 2022

Institut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto (ITTP) merupakan perguruan tinggi swasta yang dikelola oleh Yayasan Pendidikan Telkom dan satu-satunya institut yang berada di Jawa Tengah. Perguruan tinggi yang berfokus pada pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan berbasis teknologi informasi membuat daya tarik tersendiri bagi mahasiswa baru yang melanjutkan studinya pada kampus ini, hal tersebut terbukti dengan bertambahnya jumlah mahasiswa baru yang mendaftar setiap tahunnya. Sebagai civitas akademika tentunya para mahasiswa baru diharapkan mengetahui segala informasi fasilitas sarana dan prasarana didalam lingkungan kampus ITTelkom Purwokerto, terutama seperti ruangan dan fasilitas apa saja yang ada didalam kampus ini. Untuk mengenalkan informasi tersebut kepada mahasiswa baru dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai media yang sudah umum digunakan. Namun untuk menambah pengalaman baru dalam mengenalkan lingkungan kampus tersebut diperlukan teknologi yang dapat memvisualisasikan tempat ruangan tersebut. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu media alternatif baru agar dapat memberikan gambaran visualisasi tersebut. Teknologi yang akan diterapkan adalah video 360 derajat dan virtual reality. Dengan memanfaatkan kelebihan dari teknologi ini maka pengguna tidak harus repot bergerak atau pergi ke tempat aslinya. Dengan mengubah keseluruhan bangunan kampus dengan perekaman video 360 derajat menjadi objek virtual, mahasiswa baru dapat mengetahui gambaran ruangan apa saja yang terdapat pada kampus dengan menjalankan aplikasi virtual reality menggunakan perangkat pendukung yaitu kacamata VR. Penulis menggunakan  metode Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) dalam penelitian untuk melakukan perancangan sistem.
Penerapan X Means Clustering Pada UMKM Kab Banyumas Yang Mendukung Mega Shifting Consumer Behavior Akibat Covid-19
Authors: Adhitama Rifki , Burhanuddin Auliya , Febriani Atik
Published: September 2022

The Covid-19 has become a epidemic that is troubling the public because of the extent and speed of the virus spreading. The Covid-19 has resulted in people being unable to move outside their homes freely so that household consumption has decreased. This condition is similar to the crisis in 1997-1998, where MSMEs and small traders could survive. In Banyumas district, the percentage of MSMEs are in the large, medium, and small groups that can support the habit of Mega Shifting, or  businesses that can be done at home so that they can be an economic savior in the covid-19. Clustering is a method of grouping similar objects which are taken from several criteria. X-Means is a grouping method that can be used to effectively calculate the value of K. As for testing the quality of a cluster using the Purity test method, it is said to be "Good" if the results of this Purity are close to 1. The total of MSMEs in the Banyumas district which be grouped is 27,574 MSMEs. The purity  based on the results of the cluster is 0.9892 (3 groups), 0.9894 (4 groups), 0.9928 (5 groups), and 0.9677 (6 groups). In 3 groups, the results of grouping are 58 MSMEs belong to large groups, 381 MSMEs belong to medium groups, and 26,602 MSMEs belong to small groups. The recommended MSMEs sectors to face mega shifting are food stalls, culinary, agriculture, snacks, traders, craftsmen, workshops, furniture, constructions, and grocery stores.
Studi Eksperimen Arduino Uno Sebagai Pengendali Kursi Roda Elektrik
Authors: Matarru Andre Amba
Published: September 2022

Kursi roda digunakan sebagai alat bantu disabilitas. Disabilitas memiliki kemampuan terbatas untuk menggerakkan sendiri kursi rodanya sehingga diperlukan sistem yang memudahkan pergerakan kursi roda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang sistem pemrograman dari software Arduino IDE dan mengetahui fungsi dari Arduino Uno terhadap kursi roda eletrik . Pemprograman arduino kemudian akan terkoneksi terhadap alat sistem elektrik yang menjadikan Kursi Roda dapat dikendalikan secara praktis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan merancang system kursi elektrik menggunakan system berbasis arduino IDE (Integreted Development Environment). Proses perancangan sistem pemrograman dari software Arduino IDE dengan dirangaikan kepada komponen elektrik pada kursi roda diperoleh berupa program inisialisasi. Pemrograman dari arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) menjadi dasar kendali yang dikontrol oleh joystick. Joystick kemudian menjadikan kursi roda daapat bergerak  ke segala arah sehingga akan mempermudah pengguna menggerakkan kursi roda.
The GRDP Per Capita Gap between Provinces in Indonesia and Modeling with Spatial Regression
Authors: Wasani Desy , Purwanti Setyorini Indah
Published: September 2022

Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) is one of the key indicators to determine the economic conditions in an area within a certain period, both based on current prices and constant prices. The GRDP per capita shows the value of GRDP divided by the mid-year population. According to data from Statistic Indonesia (BPS), the distribution of GRDP is concentrated in Java. About 59 percent of Indonesia's economy in 2021 was contributed by Java. The contribution of other islands is not more than 10 percent, except for Sumatra at 21 percent. One of the government's policies to equalize the economy announced in 2019 was the relocation of the nation's capital city from DKI Jakarta to East Kalimantan. This policy has generated polemics in various circles of society regarding priorities, urgency, procedures, and risks. The economic inequality between regions in Indonesia involves various regions or provinces with different characteristics. Spatial regression is a model that accommodates spatial effects because the observation unit is a location. The aim of this study is to determine the level of economic disparities between provinces in Indonesia, resulting in the decision to relocate the nation's capital city. In addition, the aim is to determine the significance of several factors that affect GRDP per capita as a measure of regional prosperity, namely population density, number of workers, and the Human Development Index.
Some new Mathematical Properties for Kumaraswamy Fréchet distribution
Authors: Waheed Bassant , Mohamed Salah M.
Published: September 2022

In this research, some mathematical properties for Kumaraswamy Fréchet distribution was presented, include entropy, the Shannon entropy, probability weighted moments, moments of residual life and mean of residual life. the properties were concluded for the Kumaraswamy Fréchet distribution using the probability density function (pdf) and cumulative distribution function according to linear representations.
Modeling Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regression (GWNBR) on Stunting Incidence in Malang Regency
Authors: Pratiwi Elok , Pramoedyo Henny , Astutik Suci , Fauwziyah Fahimah
Published: September 2022

Discrete data on the response variable can be analyzed using poisson regression. The assumption of equidispersion in poisson regression must be fulfilled, but in practice there are many problems of overdispersion. The negative binomial regression model is used to overcome the problem of overdispersion, but this model is global while in some cases each location has different characteristics. Therefore, a method that considers the effects of spatial heterogeneity is needed. If the response variable is discrete data that is overdispersed and includes spatial effects, a model called Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regression (GWNBR) is developed. The GWNBR method can be applied in the health sector, such as in stunting. The prevalence of stunting in Malang Regency is still quite high, there is 25.7%. By conducting the GWNBR test, 385 models were obtained, one of them is Tulungrejo Village with factors influencing the incidence of stunting, namely access to permanent healthy latrines, access to posyandu, exclusive breastfeeding, population density and community empowerment. From three weights used, namely the Adaptive Gaussian Kernel, Adaptive Bisquare Kernel and Adaptive Tricube Kernel, the best model was obtained from the Adaptive Bisquare Kernel weighting with the smallest AIC is -211.3763.
An analog of Hardy’s theorem for the second Hankel-Clifford transformation
Authors: Amma Mohamed El H , Daher Radouan , Lahmadi Hasnaa
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we generalize theorem of Hardy for the second Hankel-Clifford transform .
Pengaruh Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Intervening pada Perusahaan Industri Dasar dan Kimia
Authors: Aditya Ilham , Hasanah Nuramalia , Mardi  , Armeliza Diah
Published: September 2022

Nilai perusahaan dapat dipengaruhi berbagai faktor yaitu leverage, ukuran perusahaan dan profitabilitas. Selain itu, profitabilitas dalam penelitian ini berperan sebagai variabel yang memediasi leverage dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh leverage dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel intervening. Unit analisis yaitu perusahaan industri dasar serta kimia yang terdaftar di BEI 2016-2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode observasi non partisipan. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 60 perusahaan. Sampel berjumlah 31 perusahaan dengan total 124 data sampel dengan purposive sampling sebagai teknik pengambilan sampel. Analisis data dengan analisis jalur (path analysis) dan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 25. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa leverage, ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Leverage berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. Ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. Profitabilitas mampu memediasi hubungan leverage terhadap nilai perusahaan, namun profitabilitas tidak mampu memediasi hubungan ukuran perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan, Sosialisasi, Pelayanan, dan Sanksi Pajak terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi yang Melakukan Pekerjaan Bebas Tahun 2020
Authors: Aziatul pebriani Reny , RM. Rum Hendarmin
Published: September 2022

This study aims to investigate the effect of knowledge, socialization, service, and tax sanctions on individual taxpayer compliance at the notary office in Palembang. The data used are primary and secondary data with data collection techniques through literature study, observation, interviews, and distributing questionnaires to 50 respondents. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression. Further statistical tests prove knowledge, socialization, and service have a significant effect on tax compliance variables. However, tax sanctions are not proven to have a positive effect on tax compliance. This research provides benefits to tax agencies to improve taxpayer compliance through knowledge, socialization, and service.
Efisiensi Investasi Perusahaan Barang Konsumsi di Indonesia: Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Dan Kecurangan Dalam Akuntansi
Authors: Firmansyah Amrie , Priscilia Giovani , Sandra Silvia , Trisnawati Estralita
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh kualitas laporan keuangan dan kecurangan dalam akuntansi terhadap efisiensi investasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari laporan keuangan yang diperoleh dari situs www.idx.co.id untuk perusahaan sektor consumer goods yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2018-2020. Dengan metode purposive sampling dihasilkan 129 sampel perusahaan. Pengujian menggunakan uji regresi berganda pada data panel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas laporan keuangan berpengaruh negatif terhadap efisiensi investasi dan kecurangan dalam akuntansi tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap efisiensi investasi. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan investor dan pemerintah untuk mendorong pengawasan melalui analisis dan pembuatan kebijakan pada beberapa lembaga seperti pada Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) untuk bisa memantau penyelenggaraan sistem pengaturan dan pengawasan pada seluruh kegiatan di dalam sektor jasa keuangan dalam kaitannya dengan menjaga kualitas laporan keuangan dan menanggulangi investasi ilegal, serta pada BKPM untuk membuat kebijakan, menciptakan lingkungan yang kondusif dalam kegiatan pasar modal dan perlindungan bagi investor.
Analisis Pengaruh Audit Report Lag, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Volatilitas Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Subsektor Hotel, Restoran dan Pariwisata yang terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2016 – 2020
Authors: Dinda Riski Amalia
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh  simultan atau parsial  variabel audit report lag, leverage, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap volatilitas harga saham. Survei ini merupakan survei kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan  perusahaan. Populasi dalam survei ini adalah 35 perusahaan subsektor hotel, restoran, dan pariwisata yang terdaftar di BEI dari tahun 2016 hingga 2020. Metode pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan menggunakan software SPSS25. Sehingga menghasilkan 10 perusahaan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Analisis  data menunjukkan bahwa sementara audit report delay dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif signifikan  terhadap volatilitas harga saham,  variabel leverage tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volatilitas harga saham. Namun, pada saat yang sama, tiga variabel: penundaan laporan audit, leverage, dan ukuran perusahaan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap volatilitas harga saham.
Effect of digitalization on unemployment among the elderly population in EAEU countries
Authors: Kadochnikova E. I. , Varlamova Yu. A. , Suyucheva D. T.
Published: September 2022

Objective: to identify current trends in the labor market under digitalization and the growing risks and global instability in the world and national markets in the EAEU countries.

Methods: panel data analysis models, graphical method, least squares method, generalized feasible least squares method.

Results: the data of the EAEU countries from 2016 to 2020 show the synchronization of unemployment indicators; a slight increase in the share of unemployed aged 55 and older in all countries except Russia; a decrease in value added produced within the “Information and Communication” type of activity, with the exception of Kazakhstan; during the pandemic, a decrease in the integral indicator of unemployment and the number of unemployed aged 55 and older was found under the influence of the gross value added within the “Information and Communication” type of activity, as well as a decrease in unemployment among elder citizens under the influence of the share of the population using the Internet.

Scientific novelty: the current trends of unemployment are reflected, under digitalization and the growing risks and global instability in the world and national markets in the EAEU countries.

Practical significance: the main conclusions of the article can be an argument in favor of the competitive advantages of the older population in the labor market under digitalization and uncertainty of economy.
Managing the northern supply haul: legal aspect
Authors: Kuznetsov M. E. , Nikishova M. I.
Published: September 2022

Objective: to evaluate the regulatory legal mechanisms of the management of the Northern supply haul to the Far North regions and to formulate proposals for their improvement.

Methods: a spatial approach that allowed us to consider the management of the Northern supply haul through the conceptualization of the spatial dimension of the remote areas supply processes – the predestination of a certain geographical coordinate system in which the object under study is placed, and the presence of regionalization determined by the spatial and temporal structuring of the territory of our country; interviewing and focus groups with executive authorities, representatives of research institutes, expert and business communities in order to form an array of initial data on the legal aspects of the Northern supply haul.

Results: the article states that regional regulatory legal acts are predominantly non-systemic in nature (except in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)), regulating certain areas of state support, in particular the procedure for providing financial support. The low demand for other types of support is due to the need to form incentives for the participation of economic entities in the Northern supply haul under low business margins. The difficulty lies in the need to integrate centralized and decentralized supply systems in the absence of an appropriate legal framework.

Scientific novelty: for the first time, an assessment of the effectiveness of state support measures for the Northern supply haul was carried out to determine the directions for improving its legal mechanisms. The definition of the Northern supply haul and categorization of these areas by periods of transport communication are proposed. The improvement of legal regulation based on the development of a single law with the definition of the rules for stakeholders is proposed.

Practical significance: the presented assessment of the legal mechanisms of the Northern supply haul management and the formation of proposals for their improvement can be useful for correcting the existing and developing a new approach to the development of a specialized regulatory legal framework at both the federal and regional levels. The recommendations can be used by executive authorities in the development of state policy and regulatory regulation of life support issues in the northern territories.
Some aspects of the legal provision of private property nationalization
Authors: Efimtseva T. V.
Published: September 2022

Objective: to study the current state of the doctrine and legislation on nationalization in order to formulate proposals for improving the legal regulation of public relations in this area.

Methods: the study used such general scientific methods of cognition as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and analogy. The logical method of research helped to formulate definitions of some terms, in particular, nationalization and emergency nationalization; their inherent features were identified. While studying the topic, private scientific research methods characteristic of jurisprudence were also used: formal legal and comparative legal methods, which helped to reveal the logic of the legislator and draw conclusions about the expediency of paying compensation when nationalizing property from private owners.

Results: based on the analysis of legislation and the practice of its application, as well as of the Russian and foreign literature, the essence of nationalization was revealed. In the article, nationalization is understood as the acquisition by the state of ownership of property that was privately owned, on the basis of federal law, with or without compensation of the property value to the owner, which is aimed at protecting public interests. The article pays special attention to the understanding of the “state property” category as the property of the whole people, i.e. public property.

Scientific novelty: the article reveals the concept and essence of nationalization, as well as related legal categories (privatization, alienation, compensation, etc.), conducts a comparative legal analysis of the order of nationalization in various states, and identifies the advantages and disadvantages of preliminary and equivalent compensation as a prerequisite for private property nationalization. The author substantiates the need for nationalization of enterprises in all important industries, and, primarily, in the areas of natural monopolies, in which producers can make a profit to ensure their own development only. Nationalization should be soft, with the possibility of compensation, but only after a full audit of the performance of enterprises to resolve the issue of how conscientiously and responsibly their owners and managers acted.

Practical significance: the main conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and practical activities to improve civil legislation and the practice of its application, as well as to develop long-term and short-term strategies for the economic development of Russia.
Territorial analysis of crime in rural areas and its short-term forecast for 2022
Authors: Koimshidi G. F. , Chirkov D. K. , Litvinov A. A.
Published: September 2022

Objective: to analyze the criminological situation in the Russian Federation and the territorial differences in crime in rural areas, as well as to make a short-term forecast of this type of crime in the Russian Federation.

Methods: dynamic, statistical, historical, systemic-structural and comparative-legal methods, as well as a specific sociological methodology of estimating rural crime.

Results: the main trend of rural crime from January 1, 2019 to October 1, 2021 can be considered a uniform straightline decrease: a constant monthly decrease by 1.1 thousand crimes. This trend characterizes a situation when the effect of criminogenic factors is neutralized by the impact of anti-criminogenic ones. If we take the above-mentioned data as a basis and generalize them for the next year, we can assume that in 2022 from 331.2 thousand to 388.8 thousand crimes will be registered in rural areas of the Russian Federation. Meanwhile, it should be noted that official data on the state of crime in rural areas, as well as the criminal statistics in the Russian Federation as a whole, cause well-founded doubts. The landslide reduction in crimes in rural areas does not follow from the ongoing social changes in rural areas and gives reason to believe that such a reduction is due to a violation of accounting and registration discipline on the part of staff of the law-enforcement bodies.

Scientific novelty: for the first time, a comparative legal analysis of the dynamics of registered crimes in rural and urban areas was carried out, as a result of which the features of crime in rural areas were identified and the author’s short-term forecast for 2022 was proposed. Despite the tendency to reduce the number of crimes registered in rural areas in 2009-2021, the criminal situation in rural areas remains complicated. Statistical indicators do not reflect the real state of this type of crime, since this trend is due to artificial regulation of the number of crimes reflected in statistical reporting towards understatement.

Practical significance: as a result of the conducted criminological research, a high degree of public danger of crime in rural areas has been revealed, and its forecasting makes it possible to pay closer attention to the need to develop effective measures to combat and prevent this type of crime.
The Justice Gap and the Promise of Criminological Research. Russian Journal of Economics and Law
Authors: Leo R. A.
Published: September 2022

Objective: to summarize and study the law-application errors during preliminary interrogation, court investigation, and conviction in the American criminal justice system.

Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical and sociological.

Results: the work describes in detail and considers four main causes of law-application errors occurring during preliminary interrogation, court investigation, and conviction in the American criminal justice system. These include: false confessions, eyewitness misidentification, forensic error, and perjured jailhouse informant testimony. Hence, it is not accidental that the main task of empirical research of criminologists and other researchers in the past two decades has been a call for greater transparency in the evidence-gathering process and the development and implementation of best practices based on social science research. Developing conceptual knowledge is important not only for creating a more systematic, generalizable and respectable criminology of wrongful conviction, but also to better inform policy-makers’ understandings that people’s lives may be at stake, as well as trade-offs of wrongful convictions.

Scientific novelty: the work considers the current problems in the American criminal justice system, that occur during preliminary interrogation, court investigation, and conviction. Among them are the problems of police interrogations, false confessions and court errors, leading to wrongful convictions.

Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to the minimization of errors occurring at the stages of preliminary interrogation, court investigation, and conviction in the American criminal justice system.

The article was first published in English language by Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society and The Western Society of Criminology Hosting by Scholastica. For more information please contact:CCJLS@WesternCriminology.org.

For original publication: Leo, R. A. (2014). The Justice Gap and the Promise of Criminological Research, Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society, 15 (3), 1–37.

Publication URL: https://ccjls.scholasticahq.com/article/419-the-justice-gap-and-the-promise-of-criminological-research
A personalized individual semantics model for computing with linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy information and application in MCDM
Authors: Li Jian , Niu Li-li , Chen Qiongxia , Li Feilong , Wang Zhong-xing
Published: September 2022

This paper develops a personalized individual semantics (PISs) model for computing with linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy information and applies to evaluating different brands of mobile phones. First, considering that a linguistic term means different things to different decision-makers, a consistency-driven optimization model for checking the additive consistent linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations (LIFPRs) is constructed by considering the PISs of a decision maker. Besides, several optimization models is built to determine the PISs of linguistic terms in LIFPRs and obtain the acceptable additive consistent LIFPRs. Second, a new definition of Hamming distance between linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (LIFNs) is developed by considering the PISs of a decision maker, and several of its desirable properties are discussed. Then, the method of deriving the weight vectors of criteria is calculated based on the proposed distance measure. Subsequently, a framework of group decision making process with LIFPRs is offered, and the application of the proposed method is illustrated by using a multi-criteria decision-making problem about evaluating different brands of mobile phones. Finally, the comparative analysis is conducted to show the feasibility of proposed group decision-making method.
Negative representations of night-shift work and mental health of public hospital healthcare workers in the COVID-19 era (Aladdin survey)
Authors: CABROLIER Lorraine COUSIN , BEO Vincent DI , MARCELLIN Fabienne , TORRENTE Olivia ROUSSET , MAHE Véronique , VALDERAS José Maria , CHASSANY Olivier , CARRIERI Patrizia Maria , DURACINSKY Martin
Published: September 2022

Background

Many risk factors impact the health of hospital night workers, which can lead to physical and mental health disorders. During the recent period, night hospital workers have been particularly stressed. This study therefore aims to: (i) To document the prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and symptoms suggestive of post-traumatic stress disorder in NSHW working in Parisian public hospitals after France’s first COVID-19 wave ended; (ii) To estimate the effect of negative representations and perceptions of night shift work on these mental health outcomes.

Methods

An observational cross-sectional online survey of NSHW (June to September 2020) in 39 public hospitals in Paris, France. Standard scales were used to measure mental health outcomes. Weighted multinomial logistic regression helped identify predictors of depression (score>10 on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS, for depression), anxiety (score>10 on the HADS for anxiety), severe insomnia (score>21 on the Insomnia Severity Index, ISI) and symptoms suggestive of post-traumatic stress disorder (score>36 on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, IES-R).

Results

The weighted prevalence rates [95% confidence interval] of depression, anxiety, severe insomnia, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder were, respectively, 18.9% [16.5-21.2], 7.6% [6.0-9.1], 8.6% [6.9-10.2] and 11.7% [9.7-13.6]. After multiple adjustment, organizational changes in NSHW professional lives due to the COVID-19 pandemic (such as moving to another hospital department and modified schedules) and NSHW-perceived negative representations of night work were significantly associated with all studied mental health outcomes.

Conclusion

Findings confirm the importance of monitoring mental health and sleep quality among NSHW in Parisian public hospitals, even more during health crises. Multilevel interventions aiming at reducing negative representations and improving work organization are urgently needed to improve overall health of this frontline healthcare providers group.
RETRACTED: Trust Aware Opportunistic Data Transmission for Cognitive IoT: An Edge Learning Perspective
Authors: Li Li , Tan Shuaishuai , Lu Renhao , Zhong Xiaoxiong
Published: September 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Viruses of a key coral symbiont exhibit temperature-driven productivity across a reefscape
Authors: Howe-Kerr Lauren , Grupstra Carsten , Rabbitt Kristen , Conetta Dennis , Coy Samantha , Klinges J. Grace , Maher Rebecca , McConnell Kaitlin , Meiling Sonora , Messyasz Adriana , Schmeltzer Emily , Seabrook Sarah , Sims Jordan , Veglia Alex , Thurber Andrew , Thurber Rebecca Vega , Correa Adrienne
Published: September 2022

One way viruses can affect coral health is by infecting their symbiotic dinoflagellate partners (Symbiodiniaceae). Yet, viral dynamics in coral colonies exposed to environmental stress have not been studied at the reef scale, particularly within individual viral lineages. We sequenced the viral major capsid protein (mcp) gene of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses known to infect symbiotic dinoflagellates (‘dinoRNAVs’) to analyze their dynamics in the reef-building coral, Porites lobata. We repeatedly sampled 54 colonies harboring Cladocopium C15 dinoflagellates, across three environmentally distinct reef zones (fringing reef, back reef, and forereef) around the island of Moorea, French Polynesia over a three-year period, and spanning a reef-wide thermal stress event. By the end of the sampling period, 28% (5/18) of corals in the fringing reef experienced partial mortality versus 78% (14/18) in the forereef. Over 90% (50/54) of colonies had detectable dinoRNAV infections. Reef zone influenced the composition and richness of viral mcp amino acid types (‘aminotypes’), with the fringing reef containing the highest aminotype richness. The reef-wide thermal stress event significantly increased aminotype dispersion, and this pattern was strongest in the colonies that experienced partial mortality. These findings demonstrate that dinoRNAV infections respond to environmental fluctuations experienced in situ on reefs. Further, viral productivity will likely increase as ocean temperatures continue to rise, potentially impacting the foundational symbiosis underpinning coral reef ecosystems.
Multidimensional Deprivation in the Development of Manipur, a North-Eastern State of India
Authors: Devi Loitongbam Hena , De Utpal Kumar
Published: September 2022

This paper uses the recent approach of multidimensional deprivation measures and their association with urbanization and inequality to have a comprehensive regional-level analysis of the living conditions in Manipur. The study is based on the simultaneous analysis of various rounds of the two data sets namely, the National Sample Survey (NSS) and the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), and conducted by using the decomposable deprivation measures both at the regional disaggregated level and across socio-economic groups. The results do not show a significant relationship between deprivation and inequality and poverty. In contrast to the traditional expectation of a higher concentration of deprived people in remote/rural areas, the Poisson Regression analysis observed a clear indication of a higher concentration of deprived population in the urban areas. A higher prevalence of female-headed deprived households is also observed in the study. The Imphal-West district replaced Tamenglong in 2015-16 to be the most deprived district in Manipur. STs are found to be the most deprived category in the state in 2011-12 and is replaced by OBC in 2015-16. The factors like district, sector, education of the household head, and MPCE are significant (p = 000) in explaining the level of deprivation. However, the study does not get strong evidence for caste to impact the degree of deprivation in Manipur.
Jel No: I30, I32, P36
Exploring the morphological dynamics of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn. 1758) in Victoria Nile as depicted from geometric morphometrics
Authors: Tibihika Papius Dias , Curto Manuel , Meimberg Harald , Aruho Cassius , Muganga George , Lugumira Jerome Sebadduka , Namulawa Victoria Tibenda , Aanyu Margaret , Ddungu Richard , Ondhoro Constantine Chobet , Okurut Tom
Published: September 2022

Background: Various anthropogenic activities continue to threaten the fish biodiversity of the East African water bodies such as the Victoria Nile. Although the Victoria Nile is a significant source of livelihood to human populations, the biology and ecology of Nile tilapia in this ecosystem remain understudied with little or no information on the morphology of the fish given varying and immense anthropogenic activities. Here, we use geometric morphometrics to examine the morphology/shape variations of Nile tilapia populations in Victoria Nile to gain insights into their current ecological state.
Results: Our results indicate unexpected smaller body weights of Nile tilapia in Victoria Nile than in L. Victoria. Despite this, all the populations displayed condition factors of greater than 2 suggesting a healthy stock. We also report that the Upper and Lower Victoria Nile populations display morphological similarities. We note that Nile tilapia from Nalubale Dam Reservoir is morphologically distinct from the close neighboring Victoria Nile populations which are likely allied to the influence of the Nalubale Hydroelectric power dam as a barrier.
Conclusion: Nile tilapia’s morphological variation appears to be influenced by various anthropogenic disturbances notably, overfishing, hydroelectric power dams, and fish translocational history in Uganda. Management should enforce regulatory frameworks to avert human-mediated activities as these are likely to compromise the sustainability of the fisheries. Further studies are required to follow these populations with molecular data to gain a deeper understanding of the fish species for sustainable management and conservation.
Micronized Bamboo Powder Affects the Growth Performance, Intestinal Development, Cecal Chyme Microflora and Metabolic Pathway of Broilers aged 24-45 days
Authors: Dai Fawen , Lin Tao , Huang Xia , Yang Yaojun , Nong Xiang , Zuo Jianjun , Feng Dingyuan
Published: September 2022

Our previous study has revealed that micronized bamboo powder (MBP) can promote the growth performance of broilers aged 1-22 days (d) by improving oxidation resistance, balancing intestinal microflora and regulating metabolic pathways. This study further evaluates the effects of MBP on broilers aged 24-45 d. In this experiment, eight hundred and eighty (880) slow-growing spotted-brown broilers aged 22 d were pre-fed for 2 days, and then randomly divided into two groups according to weight and gender. There were 8 replicates in each group and 55 broilers in each replicate. The trial lasted for 21 d. The broilers in the control group were fed with an antibiotic-free basal diet (denoted as Group D), and the broilers in the experimental group were supplemented with 1% MBP based on an antibiotic-free basal diet (denoted as Group F). The results reveal that, for the growth performance, during 24-45 d, no significant difference is observed between Group F and the control group, in average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and the weight gain and feed consumption ratio (P>0.05). For intestinal development, the broilers in Group F exhibit a significantly higher organ index of the cecum, jejunum villus height, and ratio of villi to crypt, compared to the control group (P<0.05). For the cecal chyme microflora, the abundance ratio ofFirmicutesis higher, while the abundance ratio ofBacterodiesis relatively lower than that of the control group. The addition of MBP significantly up-regulates the expression abundance ofp_Firmicutes,f_Alicyclobacillaceae,g_Acutalibacter,f_Peptococcaceae,f_Clostridiaceae,f_Bacillaceae,g_Enterococcus,f_Enterococcasea, while down-regulates the expression abundance ofp_Bacteroidetes,f_Bacteroidaceae,g_Bacteroides,o_Bacteroidales and c_Bacteroidia(P<0.05). For the metabolic pathways, 66 different pathways are observed between Group F and control group, including Alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism, Butyric acid metabolism, Arginine synthesis, Linoleic acid metabolism and β-alanine metabolism. The correlation analysis reveals thatFirmicutesin cecal chyme are significantly positively correlated with some fatty acids, including syringic acid, 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid, and butyric acid (P< 0.05). And theBacterodiesare positively correlated with some amino acids, including L-Alanine, L-Threonine, 3-Methylthiopropionic acid and L-Glutamic acid (P<0.05). To sum up, adding 1%MBP to replace corn equivalently has no negative effect on the growth performance of broilers. This may be related to the fact that MBP can improve intestinal development, and increase the content of bacteria that promote fatty acid metabolism and fiber degradation. It is necessary to further study the effects of MBP on amino acid metabolism and broiler growth by regulating the microflora structure in the chyme.
Does added plant residue interfere with the profiling of soil bacterial community by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR?
Authors: Yuan Chaolei , Sun Zhaoyang , Li Jing
Published: September 2022

Many studies evaluate the effect of plant residue on soil bacteria by comparing the microbial communities in soils with or without added plant residue after a period of incubation. This comparison can be made, however, only when the measured microbial properties are not significantly different between the amended soil and the control on day 0. To confirm this, we mixed plant residue into soil and immediately (within < 10 min; representing day 0) started DNA extraction, and then performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to determine bacterial community composition and abundance. Unamended soil served as a control. Five commonly used DNA extraction kits, 16S rRNA gene primer pairs, and soils, and two types (mature rice straw and alfalfa shoots) and three addition rates (2%, 4%, and 6%; w/w) of plant residue, were tested. In all cases, we found no significant difference in bacterial community composition or abundance between the treatments with or without added plant residue. The results can help us better interpret differences in soil bacterial communities between the treatments with or without added plant residue in soil incubation experiments.
The predictive value of CD4, CD8, and C - reactive protein in the prognosis of schistosomal and non-schistosomal colorectal cancer
Authors: Cheng Meihong , Jing Hongyan , Bu Dacheng , Liu Jing , Lu Kui , Liu Jican , Xu Yanchao , Zhu Ting , Hou Yingyong , Yao Junxia , Zhai Qilin , Wang Weixia
Published: September 2022

Background: Although schistosomiasis has been basically eliminated, it has not been completely extinction in China and occasional outbreaks occur in Europe in recent years. The relationship between inflammation caused by Schistosoma japonicum and colorectal cancer is still obscure, and the inflammation based prognostic systems of schistosomal colorectal (SCRC) has rarely been reported.
Aim: To explore the different roles of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in SCRC and in Non-schistosomal CRC (NSCRC), providing a possible predictive system to evaluate outcomes and to improve the risk stratification for CRC patients, especially for CRC patients with schistosomiasis.
Methods: 351 CRC tumours were evaluated for density of CD4+, CD8+ T cells and CRP in intratumoural and stromal compartments by immunohistochemical using tissue microarray.
Results: There were no association between TILs and CRP and schistosomiasis. Multivariate analysis identified stromal CD4 (sCD4) (p=0.038), intratumoural CD8 (iCD8) (p=0.003), schistosomiasis (p=0.045) as independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in the whole cohort; and sCD4 (p=0.006) and iCD8 (p=0.020) were independent prognostic factors for OS in the NSCRC and SCRC set, respectively. Besides, we found that there were no differences of TILs and CRP, which were distributed in different areas of tumor tissue, between CRC patients with and without schistosomiasis.
Conclusion: The results remind us that different subtypes of TILs have distinguished biological behavior and function in the immune microenviroment of NSCRC and SCRC patients. Meanwhile, the findings require us to stratify patients with schistosomiasis and might facilitate patient counseling and management.
On an effective and efficient method for exploiting the wisdom of the inner crowd
Authors: Fujisaki Itsuki , Yang Kunhao , Ueda Kazuhiro
Published: September 2022

Researchers have shown that even an individual can produce the wisdom of the crowds, called ‘the wisdom of the inner crowd’. However, the previous methods leave room for improvements in terms of efficacy and convenience. This paper proposes a more efficient method with low cognitive cost, based on findings from cognitive and social psychology. The procedure is to ask participants to give two answers to the same question: first, their own estimate and, second, their estimate of public opinion. Experiments using this method showed that the averages of the two estimates were more accurate than the participants’ first estimates. That is, the wisdom of the inner crowd emerged. In addition, we found that the method could be superior to other methods in terms of efficacy and convenience. Moreover, we identified the conditions where our method worked better. We further clarify the limitations of using the wisdom of the inner crowd, including people’s tendency to fall into overconfidence. Overall, this paper proposes an effective and convenient method for harvesting the wisdom of the inner crowd.