bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Will We be Tested on This?": Schoolgirls, Neoliberalism and the Comic Grotesque in Swedish Contemporary Youth Theatre
Authors: Lundberg Anna
Published: June 2013

This article is based on an ethnographic participation study of the production of a play called All about the ADHD and A+ Children of Noisy Village (ännu mer om alla vi ADHD- och MVG-barn i Bullerbyn) staged at one of Sweden’s most prominent playhouses for children’s and youth theatre: ung scen/öst. Within the familiar setting of the classroom, the play takes on the challenging task of questioning and scrutinizing the complex and tangled situation of contemporary neoliberal ideas and practices, their connections to capitalism and their impact on everyday school-life. This in front of an audience consisting mainly of individuals who were not even born at the time when the political map was radically re-drawn in Berlin in 1989, and who have grown up during a period when neoliberal governance has gained increasing influence in Swedish culture and society. The play mediates its dense, political content and its descriptions of teenagers’ everyday lives through a large portion of good old-fashioned entertainment, with music, singing and bizarre, laughter-provoking situations.

The main research question to be answered in the article is: In what ways are the abstract contemporary economic-political manifestations of power and govern-ance expressed in this good-humored play for youth, and how can this be read from a feminist perspective? Hence, the article circles around three nodes that intersect in various ways: theatre, economic-political issues and feminist perspectives. The theoretical framework of the article is primarily based on a merger between, on the one hand, feminist social science and, on the other, feminist cultural analysis.
The Soundtrack of Revolution Memory, Affect, and the Power of Protest Songs
Authors: Rosenberg Tiina
Published: June 2013

All cultural representations in the form of songs, pictures, literature, theater, film, television shows, and other media are deeply emotional and ideological, often difficult to define or analyze. Emotions are embedded as a cultural and social soundtrack of memories and minds, whether we like it or not. Feminist scholarship has emphasized over the past decade that affects and emotions are a foundation of human interaction. The cognitive understanding of the world has been replaced by a critical analysis in which questions about emotions and how we relate to the world as human beings is central (Ahmed 2004: 5-12).

It is in this memory-related instance that this article discusses the unexpected reappearance of a long forgotten song, Hasta siempre, as a part of my personal musical memory. It is a personal reflection on the complex interaction between memory, affect and the genre of protest songs as experiences in life and music. What does it mean when a melody intrudes in the middle of unrelated thoughts, when one’s mind is occupied with rational and purposive considerations? These memories are no coincidences, I argue, they are our forgotten selves singing to us.
Degrees of Intersectionality: Male Rap Artists in Sweden Negotiating Class, Race and Gender
Authors: Berggren Kalle
Published: June 2013

“Intersectionality” has become a highly influential concept in gender research over the last 25 years. Debates have focused on differences and power asymmetries between women, in terms of race but also addressing class, age, sexuality, ability and nation. However, intersectional paradigms have been used to a much lesser extent in gender studies on men. This article seeks to contribute to an emerging discussion about intersectionality and masculinity by analyzing rap lyrics in Swedish songs. The data consists of a broad sample of rap lyrics by male artists 1991-2011, which is analyzed through poststructuralist discourse analysis and queer phenomenology. The analysis shows how classed discourses can be described in terms of orientation and flow, how racialization is articulated in terms of place, and the role of normative notions of gender and sexuality in anti-racist discourses. It is argued that this interconnectedness – class being related to race, which in turn is profoundly gendered – is neither well captured by the prevailing notion of “masculinities” in gender studies on men, nor by the “constitution” vs. “addition” dichotomy in intersectionality debates. Instead, it is suggested that degrees of intersectionality might be a more fruitful way of theorizing intersectionality in rela-tion to men.
Cultural Studies in Turkey: The State of the Art
Authors: Pultar Gönül
Published: June 2013

Recent socio-political developments have rendered cultural studies of the Republic of Turkey an ever-widening field of study, as they lead apparently to a probable paradigm shift in a society that was once thought to be purely Western-oriented. The analysis of this transformation is before all else a cultural studies task. Accordingly, this paper has two aims: one, to make a a brief survey of cultural studies work that has been done so far in Turkey; and two, draw attention to the various problems encountered by the instruction and practice of cultural stud-ies in the country.
"Something is at Stake": Northern European Cultural Studies Where, How, and Why?
Authors: Scott Sørensen Anne
Published: June 2013

In this article, I address the current state of cultural studies in Northern Europe and more specifically in the Nordic countries, especially in Denmark. I take my point of departure in offering an answer to the question, what is cultural studies anyhow? and raise some questions about its future directions. From that, I then discuss how we can reason about regional cultural studies since in so doing we are caught in a dilemma: on the one hand, it provides a way to nuance hegemonic his-tories and ways of mapping the international field but, on the other hand, it also inevitably leads to new generalizations and new inclusions and exclusions. I go on to examine first the (im)possibility of scaling (regional, national, etc.) and, next, the challenge it raises at different levels of setting, i.e., Northern Europe, the Nor-dic countries, and Denmark. Finally, I focus on national, i.e., Danish cultural stud-ies and return to the question of the future of the discipline.
Teaching with student response systems (SRS): teacher-centric aspects that can negatively affect students’ experience of using SRS
Authors: Nielsen Kjetil L. , Hansen Gabrielle , Stav John B.
Published: June 2013

In this article, we describe and discuss the most significant teacher-centric aspects of student response systems (SRS) that we have found to negatively affect students’ experience of using SRS in lecture settings. By doing so, we hope to increase teachers’ awareness of how they use SRS and how seemingly trivial choices or aspects when using SRS can have a significant negative impact on students’ experiences, especially when these aspects are often repeated. We cover areas such as consistency when using SRS, time usage, preparation, the experience level of the teachers with regard to SRS, teacher commitment and attitudes, teacher explanations, and how students fear that voting results can mislead the teacher. The data are based on 3 years of experience in developing and using an online SRS in classroom lectures, and they consist of focused (semistructured) student group interviews, student surveys and personal observations.Keywords: audience response systems; clickers; student attitudes; teaching pitfalls(Published: 11 June 2013)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2013, 21: 18989 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21i0.18989
Conformational analysis and intramolecular interactions in monosubstituted phenylboranes and phenylboronic acids
Authors: Silla Josué M , Cormanich Rodrigo A , Rittner Roberto , Freitas Matheus P
Published: June 2013

A1TSJF,H(O)coupling pathway, dictated by a hydrogen bond, in some 2-fluorobenzoic acids has been observed, while such an interaction does not occur in 2-fluorophenol. Thus, this work reports the conformational analysis of 2-fluorophenylboronic acid (1), in order to evaluate a possible intramolecular OH∙∙∙F hydrogen bond in comparison to an nF→pBinteraction, which mimics the quantum nF→σ*OHhydrogen bond that would be expected in 2-fluorophenol. 2-Fluorophenylborane (3), which does not experience hydrogen bonding, was used to verify whether nF→pBinteraction governs the conformational equilibrium in1due to a predominant OH∙∙∙F hydrogen bond or to other effects. A series of 2-X-phenylboranes (X = Cl, Br, NH2, PH2, OH and SH) were further computationally analyzed to search for electron donors to boron, capable of influencing the conformational equilibrium. Overall, the intramolecular OH∙∙∙F hydrogen bond in1is quite stabilizing and dictates the1hJF,H(O)coupling constant. Moreover, electron donation to the empty p orbital of boron (for noncoplanar BH2moiety relative to the phenyl ring) is also significantly stabilizing for the NH2and PH2derivatives, but not enough to make the corresponding conformers appreciably populated, because of steric effects and the loss of πCC→pBresonance. Thus, the results found earlier for 2-fluorophenol about the lack of intramolecular hydrogen bonding are now corroborated.
Du droit d'aubaine au Français Langue d'Insertion (FLI) : Évolution des modalités d'« accueil » de l'étranger
Authors: Arditty Jo
Published: June 2013

La création du label « Français Langue d’Insertion » et les réactions qu’elle a provoquées sont l’occasion prise dans cet article pour revenir sur l’élaboration historique de notions telles que l’État, la nation, l’étranger, l’immigré, « la » langue nationale, et tenter de voir comment elles s’articulent dans la définition et l’évolution des politiques d’immigration. Parler d’immigration suppose en effet que l’on se situe à l’intérieur d’un espace dont les frontières sont définies et tenues pour légitimes et où un appareil administratif et répressif est en mesure de mettre en œuvre les lois et règlements qui constituent cette politique. Or l’État a mis des siècles à se mettre en place et ne parvient à se donner ces moyens qu’en même temps que s’élabore la notion de Nation et que se standardise la langue nationale qui en est un des critères. Ces phénomènes, concomitants et imbriqués dans la Révolution Industrielle, qui s’accomplit avec d’importants mouvements de population. De la fin du XIX e siècle à la première moitié du XX e , la « psychologie des peuples » et l’eugénisme participent au racialisme ambiant qui dénonce ceux qui, de l’intérieur ou de l’extérieur, pourraient altérer l’intégrité ethnique de la nation. Après une période qui semble marquée par le recul du racisme et la lutte contre les discriminations, des obstacles matériels aussi bien que réglementaires de plus en plus nombreux sont mis à l’immigration légale. Parmi cet arsenal, plusieurs pays utilisent la maîtrise de la langue comme prérequis, en même temps que réapparaît la rhétorique de l’inégalité des races et des civilisations.
Fusarium verticillioides and maize interaction in vitro: relationship between oxylipin cross-talk and fumonisin synthesis
Authors: Scala V. , Camera E. , Ludovici M. , Dall'Asta C. , Cirlini M. , Giorni P. , Battilani P. , Bello C. , Fabbri A.A. , Fanelli C. , Reverberi M.
Published: June 2013

Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most important fungal pathogens causing ear and stalk rot in maize. Even if frequently asymptomatic, it can produce a harmful series of compounds named fumonisins. Plant and fungal oxylipins play a crucial role in determining the outcome of the interaction between the pathogen and its host. Moreover, oxylipins are factors able to modulate the secondary metabolism in fungi. To uncover the existence of the relationship between oxylipin production and fumonisin synthesis in F. verticillioides, we analysed some molecular and physiological parameters, such as the expression of genes whose products are related to oxylipin synthesis (i.e. lipoxygenase, diol synthases and fatty acid oxidase), the oxylipin profile of both cracked maize and the pathogen by using a lipidomic approach (i.e. combining LC-TOF and LC-MS/MS approaches with a robust statistical analysis) and the synthesis of fumonisin B1. The results suggested a close relationship between the modification of the pathogen oxylipin profile with the fumonisin synthesis. Notably, a modification of the oxylipin profile of the pathogen during its growth on cracked maize can be demonstrated. The switch in oxylipin synthesis could indicate that the ‘presence’ of maize determinants (e.g. plant cell wall fragments and/or lipids) was able to promote the modification of the pathogen lifestyle, also by adapting the secondary metabolism, notably fumonisin synthesis.
Occupational exposure to aflatoxin B1: the case of poultry and swine production
Authors: Viegas S. , Veiga L. , Figueredo P. , Almeida A. , Carolino E. , Sabino R. , Veríssimo C. , Viegas C.
Published: June 2013

Although there is an abundance of literature concerning the ingestion of food contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), only a small number of studies explore mycotoxin exposure in occupational settings. Taking this into consideration, our study was developed with the intention of elucidating whether there is occupational exposure to AFB1 in Portuguese poultry and swine production facilities. A specific biomarker was used to assess exposure to AFB1. A total of 45 workers (34 from poultry farms; 11 from swine production facilities) participated in this study, providing blood samples. Additionally, a control group (n=30) composed of subjects without any type of contact with agricultural activity was considered. All participants signed a consent form and were provided with the study protocol. Eighteen poultry workers (58.6%) and six workers from the swine production facilities (54.5%) showed detectable levels of AFB1. In the control group, the AFB1 values were all below 1 ng/ml. No significant differences in AFB1 levels in serum between workers from poultry and swine farms were found. Poultry workers, however, showed the highest serum levels and a significant statistical difference between this group and the control group was found. Results suggest that exposure to AFB1 by inhalation occurs in both occupational settings representing an additional risk that needs to be recognised, assessed and prevented.
Stabilizing and Retaining a Quality Nursing Work Force Through the Use of the Married State Preceptorship Model
Authors: Figueroa Solimar , Bulos Marlene , Forges Edwina , Judkins-Cohn Tanya
Published: June 2013

Background:

The nursing shortage requires new graduate registered nurses (RNs) to work at the bedside, often leading to a shortened orientation period and increased stress. In the Married State Preceptorship Model (MSPM), the preceptor and the preceptee work together as the new graduate RN transitions to the bedside while maintaining safety and quality. This study explored first-year turnover rates of new graduate RNs and new graduate RNs’ and preceptors’ perceptions of the MSPM in transitioning new graduate RNs to practice.

Methods:

Focus groups and surveys were used with 108 new graduate RNs and 100 preceptors.

Results:

Four themes emerged for new graduate RNs: partnership, critical thinking, learning, and transition. A statistically significant decrease in turnover rates was seen with MSPM versus traditional precepting. Survey data found that new graduate RNs and preceptors perceived the MSPM as promoting safety and reducing anxiety.

Conclusion:

The MSPM allows organizations to retain a quality nursing work force focused on safety patient care by transitioning new graduate RNs into the practice setting.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(8):365–373.
Students’ Lived Experience in an Associate’s Degree to Baccalaureate Degree Continuation Program: Opening Doors, Opening Eyes, Opening Minds
Authors: McNiesh Susan G. , Rodriguez Lori , Goyal Deepika , Apen Lynette
Published: June 2013

Background:

Major nursing organizations, federal agencies, and researchers are recommending that all nurses be educated to at least the baccalaureate level.

Methods:

This article reports the results of a qualitative study of the experiences of students enrolled in a direct associate’s degree to baccalaureate degree nursing program. Based on multiple small group interviews conducted during an 18-month period, a multistep interpretive analytic process was used that ultimately described themes within a holistic view of the phenomenon.

Findings:

The results showed an overarching theme of transformative change over time, centered within the “place” of the university.

Conclusion:

The study suggested that there are differences beyond additional coursework that describe a transformative process in associate’s degree to baccalaureate degree education. An atmosphere, or “space created,” for reflection on learning is significant to consider in the development of education programs.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(7):326–332.
Nurses and Nutrition: A Survey of Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Nutrition Assessment and Care of Hospitalized Elderly Patients
Authors: Boaz Mona , Rychani Lydia , Barami Kohava , Houri Zahava , Yosef Ruth , Siag Avital , Berlovitz Yitzhak , Leibovitz Eyal
Published: June 2013

Background:

Nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding nutrition care play an important role in patient nutrition assessment and intervention. This study measured the association between nutrition knowledge and attitudes about nutrition care and feeding patients among nurses working in hospital settings.

Methods:

This cross-sectional survey queried nutrition knowledge, attitudes, clinical applications, and task rankings using structured questionnaires in a representative sample of 106 nurses employed at two large government hospitals.

Results:

The mean proportion of correct responses to the nutrition knowledge questionnaire was 51.9% ± 0.1%. Nutrition care tasks, including feeding patients, performing nutrition assessment, and providing appropriate food to patients, were ranked as relatively unimportant. A significant positive association was identified between total nutrition knowledge score and the importance placed on the role of nutrition in health and disease.

Conclusion:

Nutrition education for nursing staff could improve both nutrition knowledge and willingness and confidence to perform nutrition assessment.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(8):357–364.
Distinguishing Bereavement from Depression in
DSM-5
: Evidence from Longitudinal Epidemiologic Surveys
Authors: Paksarian Diana , Mojtabai Ramin
Published: June 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Explain the rationale behind the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
fourth edition (
DSM-IV
) bereavement exclusion for major depressive episode.

2.

Identify three recent, large-scale epidemiologic studies that have investigated the validity of the bereavement exclusion.

3.

Describe the most consistent difference these studies found between those who met criteria for
DSM-IV
major depression and those who did not meet criteria due to the bereavement exclusion.

The
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
fourth edition (
DSM-IV
) definition of mental disorder states that a disorder is not “merely an expectable and culturally sanctioned response to a particular event” and that it represents a “dysfunction in the individual.”
1
Because adverse experiences are a part of life, and negative emotions arise as natural and adaptive responses to these experiences, much of the psychological distress that humans experience is anticipated, culturally sanctioned, and functional. Thus, sadness is not a mental disorder in the
DSM
.
Symptom Communication During Critical Illness: The Impact of Age, Delirium, and Delirium Presentation
Authors: Tate Judith A. , Sereika Susan , Divirgilio Dana , Nilsen Marci , Demerci Jill , Campbell Grace , Happ Mary Beth
Published: June 2013

Symptom communication is integral to quality patient care. Communication between patients and nurses in the intensive care unit (ICU) is complicated by oral or endotracheal intubation and fluctuating neurocognitive status or delirium. We report the (a) prevalence of delirium and its subtypes in non-vocal, mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients; (b) impact of age on delirium; and (c) influence of delirium and age on symptom communication. Videorecorded interactions between patients (
N
= 89) and nurses (
N
= 30) were analyzed for evidence of patient symptom communication at four time points across 2 consecutive days. Delirium was measured at enrollment and following sessions. Delirium prevalence was 23.6% at enrollment and 28.7% across sessions. Participants age >60 were more likely to be delirious on enrollment and during observational sessions. Delirium was associated with self-report of pain, drowsiness, and feeling cold. Patients were significantly less likely to initiate symptom communication when delirious. Symptom identification should be carefully undertaken in older adults with or without delirium. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 39
(8), 28–38.]
Family-Centered End-of-Life Care in the ICU
Authors: Wiegand Debra L. , Grant Marian S. , Cheon Jooyoung , Gergis Mary A.
Published: June 2013

Families of older adults are intricately involved in the end-of-life decision-making process for a family member with a serious illness in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. However, families are not always as involved and as informed as they would like to be. Creating a culture that assesses family needs and supports families is an important component of family-centered care. There are several strategies that nurses and other members of the interdisciplinary team can use to promote family-centered end-of-life care in the ICU. Nurses can get to know the family by spending time talking with them, assessing them, seeking to understand their perspectives on their family member’s condition, and discussing previously verbalized patient wishes for care. This article offers strategies nurses can use to help guide the family through the end-of-life decision-making process, support families as difficult and complex decisions are made in collaboration with the health care team, and prepare families for the dying process. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 39
(8), 60–68.]
Thinking Inside The Box: The Tele–Intensive Care Unit as a New Clinical Site
Authors: Sepples Susan B. , Goran Susan F. , Zimmer-Rankin Melinda
Published: June 2013

The tele–intensive care unit (ICU) offers students an opportunity to observe the decision-making process of nurses working in consultative teams in a high-acuity environment, providing a unique opportunity for novices to “see” into the thinking and the communication of expert nurses. Students are often overwhelmed by the physical environment of an ICU—specifically, its noise, technology, and pace—and often are relegated to the sidelines when a patient becomes unstable. Clinical education in the tele-ICU allows students to participate safely in the care of complex, unstable patients. Nurse educators, as experienced tele-ICU nurses, can help students to process complex information and can model intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary communication about patient concerns. The experience moves the students from engagement in tasks and a linear process of thinking to engagement in decision making and a more complex understanding of the nurse’s role in patient care. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2013;52(7):401–404.]
Experiences and Emotions of Faculty Teaching in Accelerated Second Baccalaureate Degree Nursing Programs
Authors: Brandt Cheryl L. , Boellaard Melissa R. , Zorn CeCelia R.
Published: June 2013

The number of accelerated second baccalaureate degree nursing (ASBSN) programs has mushroomed over recent decades, with more than 225 currently in existence. Scholars have described students and programs, but research examining the faculty experience is limited. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences and emotions of faculty teaching students in ASBSN programs. Using a descriptive qualitative survey design, faculty (
N
= 138) from 25 randomly selected programs in 11 midwestern states were surveyed using an instrument developed for this study and distributed online. Ten themes emerged, including (a) Engaging With Motivated, Mature, and Diverse Students, (b) Students Choosing Nursing for the “Wrong Reasons,” (c) Too Much Work, Too Little Time for Students and Faculty, (d) Amazement, (e) Pride, and (f) Frustration. These findings will help novice and seasoned ASBSN faculty interpret their experiences, strengthen precepting and mentoring activities, and support administrators in determining staffing plans and designing ASBSN programs. [
J Nurs Educ.
2013;52(7):377–382.]
Utilization of a Benchmarking Database to Inform NICHE Implementation
Authors: Capezuti Elizabeth , Boltz Marie P. , Shuluk Joseph , Denysyk Lana , Brouwer Julianna Petra , Roberts Marie-Claire , Dickson Victoria Vaughan , Cline Daniel D. , Wagner Laura M. , Fairchild Susan , Kim Hongsoo , Secic Michelle
Published: June 2013

An integral part of NICHE (Nurses Improving Care for Healthsystem Elders) is a benchmarking service that provides member sites with the ability to evaluate staff perceptions of the care environment compared with other NICHE sites. The NICHE Database includes more than 100,000 surveys (Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile). This study aimed to explain how secondary analyses of this aggregate database can inform effective geriatric programming in hospitals. We found that nurse age and experience influence nurse perceptions of organizational alignment to NICHE guiding principles and that those perceptions improve following NICHE implementation. The NICHE Database addresses knowledge generation in key areas of geriatric nursing practice and assists hospitals’ systemic capacity to effectively embed NICHE Guiding Principles: evidence-based geriatric knowledge, patient-family centered care, healthy and productive practice environment, and multidimensional metrics of quality. It contributes to the growing field of implementation science that seeks to promote the uptake of research findings into clinical practice.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2013; 6(3):198–208.]
Fluorescein Angiogram Findings in a Case of Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita
Authors: SooHoo Jeffrey R. , McCourt Emily A. , Lenahan Deborah S. , Oliver Scott C.N.
Published: June 2013

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita is a well-characterized cutaneous vascular disorder with variable and rare ocular involvement. It has been reported in association with glaucoma, bilateral congenital retinal detachments, bilateral tractional retinal detachments secondary to proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and retinoblastoma. This case demonstrates novel findings of bilateral peripheral retinal vascular abnormalities and retinal nonperfusion on fluorescein angiography without retinal detachment that have not previously been described in cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita. Laser photocoagulation was applied to areas of retinal nonperfusion with stability in the retinal pathology at follow-up examination 3 months later.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:398–400.]
Pars Plana Vitrectomy Versus Combined Pars Plana Vitrectomy–Scleral Buckle for Secondary Repair of Retinal Detachment
Authors: Rush Ryan B. , Simunovic Matthew P. , Sheth Saumil , Kratz Assaf , Hunyor Alex P.
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the optimal technique for repairing recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A 2-year retrospective review of recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachments by 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) or combined 23-gauge PPV with encircling scleral buckling was performed. The primary outcome was anatomical success. The secondary outcome was the likelihood of achieving a final best corrected visual acuity of 6/12 or better at 6-month follow-up.

RESULTS:

Anatomical success was achieved in 65.2% (95% CI, 53.4% to 75.4%) of the PPV group versus 74.3% (95% CI, 57.9% to 85.8%) of the PPV–scleral buckling group with one additional procedure (not statistically significant). There was no significant difference in the likelihood of achieving a final acuity of at least 6/12 between groups at 6-month follow-up.

CONCLUSION:

The results of our study do not demonstrate a superiority of method of primary repair, or of one method of secondary repair, over another.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:374–379.]
Modelos de transposición de las Directivas 2002/91/CE y 2010/31/UE “Energy Performance Building Directive” en los Estados miembros de la UE. Consecuencias e implicaciones
Authors: García-Hooghuis A. , Neila F. J.
Published: June 2013

La Directiva 2002/91/CE (Energy Performance Building Directive – EPBD (1)), publicada por la Comisión Europea y refundida en la Directiva 2010/31/UE (2), obliga a los países de Europa a cumplir con ciertos requisitos mínimos de eficiencia energética en los edificios y sus instalaciones. En ella se exige que cada Estado miembro incorpore la Directiva como legislación propia, estableciendo las condiciones y sistemáticas necesarias con carácter nacional (3). En el presente trabajo se efectúa una recopilación de las normas de eficiencia energética en la edificación a nivel Europeo, analizándose las consecuencias e implicaciones de los diferentes modelos de transposición de la EPBD adoptados por cada país. Además, se describen de modo general las metodologías más extendidas a la hora determinar la eficiencia energética de los edificios, los vacíos legales que presenta la normativa y las posibilidades de mejora en determinadas áreas, como acreditación de profesionales o incentivos financieros.
The Key Technologies of Collecting Tibetan Websites
Authors: Wang Zhijuan
Published: June 2013

Tibetan websites are important for studying the Tibetan language and Tibetan culture. The domain names and character encodings of Tibetan websites are complex. Three key technologies of collecting Tibetan websites are discussed in this paper. Firstly, using high frequency syllables in different Tibetan character encoding to searcher the web pages may be in Tibetan as many as possible. Then, using Tibetan syllable dot and the properties of HTML to judge the language of web pages is in Tibetan or not. Thirdly, according the relationships between the URL of Tibetan web page and the URL of Tibetan website, the URLs of Tibetan websites are gotten. About 100 Tibetan websites in three Tibetan character encodings (Unicode, BZD and Tongyuan) are collected by these methods. These key technologies are also useful for collecting websites in other minority language.
Evolution of tree killing in bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): trade-offs between the maddening crowds and a sticky situation
Authors: Lindgren B.S. , Raffa K.F.
Published: June 2013

Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) play important roles in temperate conifer ecosystems, and also cause substantial economic losses. Although their general life histories are relatively similar, different species vary markedly in the physiological condition of the hosts they select. Most of ∼6000 known species colonise dead or stressed trees, a resource they share with a large diversity of insects and other organisms. A small number of bark beetle species kill healthy, live trees. These few are of particular interest as they compete directly with humans for resources. We propose that tree killing evolved when intense interspecific competition in the ephemeral, scarce resource of defence-impaired trees selected for genotypes that allowed them to escape this limitation by attacking relatively healthy trees. These transitions were uncommon, and we suggest they were facilitated by (a) genetically and phenotypically flexible host selection behaviours, (b) biochemical adaptations for detoxifying a wide range of defence compounds, and (c) associations with symbionts, which together aided bark beetles in overcoming formidable constitutive and induced host defences. The ability to detoxify terpenes influenced the evolutionary course of pheromonal communication. Specifically, a mate attraction system, which was exploited by intraspecific competitors in locating poorly defended hosts, became a system of cooperative attack in which emitters benefit from the contributions responders make in overcoming defence. This functional shift in communication was driven in part by linkage of beetle semiochemistry to host defence chemistry. Behavioural and phenological adaptations also improved the beetles’ abilities to detect when tree defences are impaired, and, where compatible with life history adaptations to other selective forces, for flight to coincide with seasonally predictable host stress agents. We propose a conceptual model, whereby the above mechanisms enable beetles to concentrate on those trees that offer an optimal trade-off between host defence and interspecific competition, along dynamic gradients of tree vigour and stand-level beetle density. We offer suggestions for future research on testing elements of this model.
Control of T Cell Fates and Immune Tolerance by p38α Signaling in Mucosal CD103+ Dendritic Cells
Authors: Huang Gonghua , Wang Yanyan , Chi Hongbo
Published: June 2013

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in launching protective adaptive immunity against pathogens while maintaining immune tolerance to self-Ags. However, how intracellular signaling pathways program DCs to mediate tolerogenic responses remains largely unexplored. In this study, we describe that p38α signaling in CD103+ mesenteric lymph node DCs reciprocally regulates the differentiation of anti-inflammatory induced regulatory T cells and proinflammatory Th1 cells from naive precursors and promotes mucosal tolerance. Deficiency of p38α in CD103+ DCs inhibited the generation of induced regulatory T cells while promoting Th1 cell development in a TGF-β2–dependent manner. Consequently, loss of p38α in DCs prevented induction of oral tolerance in vivo. Moreover, p38α in CD103+ DCs was required for optimal expression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase, a key enzyme for retinoic acid synthesis, which in turn imprinted gut-homing receptors on responding T cells. Consistent with a crucial role of p38α to program the tolerogenic activity of CD103+ DCs, such DC subset contained constitutive activity of p38α and abundant expression of TGF-β2 and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase. Our studies identify a key mechanism of DC-mediated coupling of T cell differentiation and trafficking that orchestrates mucosal immune tolerance.
Melioidosis from Contaminated Bore Water and Successful UV Sterilization
Authors: McRobb Evan , Kaestli Mirjam , Mayo Mark , Price Erin P. , Sarovich Derek S. , Godoy Daniel , Spratt Brian G. , Currie Bart J.
Published: June 2013

Two cases of melioidosis at a residence in rural northern Australia were linked to the unchlorinated domestic bore (automated well) water supply, which was found to have a high concentration of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Using multilocus sequence typing, clinical B. pseudomallei isolates from both cases were identical to an isolate from the bore water supply. A simple UV sterilizer reduced B. pseudomallei from the domestic water supply to undetectable levels. We have shown that UV treatment is highly effective for remediation of water contaminated with B. pseudomallei and recommend its consideration in households where individuals may be at heightened risk of contracting melioidosis.
Glyoxal and methylglyoxal in Atlantic seawater and marine aerosol particles: method development and first application during the Polarstern cruise ANT XXVII/4
Authors: van Pinxteren M. , Herrmann H.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. An analytical method for the determination of the alpha dicarbonyls glyoxal (GLY) and methylglyoxal (MGLY) from seawater and marine aerosol samples is presented. The method is based on derivatisation with o-(2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine (PFBHA) reagent, solvent extraction and GC-MS (SIM) analysis. The method showed good precision (RSD <10%), sensitivity (detection limits in the low ng L−1 range), and accuracy (good agreement between external calibration and standard addition). The method was applied to determine GLY and MGLY in oceanic water sampled during the POLARSTERN cruise ANT XXVII/4 from Capetown to Bremerhaven in spring 2011. GLY and MGLY were determined in the sea surface microlayer (SML) of the ocean and corresponding bulkwater (BW) with average concentrations of 228 ng L−1 (GLY) and 196 ng L−1 (MGLY). The results show a significant enrichment (factor of 4) of GLY and MGLY in the SML. Furthermore, marine aerosol particles (PM1) were sampled during the cruise and analyzed for GLY (average concentration 0.19 ng m−3) and MGLY (average concentration 0.15 ng m−3). On aerosol particles, both carbonyls show a very good correlation with oxalate, supporting the idea of a secondary formation of oxalic acid via GLY and MGLY. Concentrations of GLY and MGLY in seawater and on aerosol particles were correlated to environmental parameters such as global radiation, temperature, distance to the coastline and biological activity. There are slight hints for a photochemical production of GLY and MGLY in the SML (significant enrichment in the SML, higher enrichment at higher temperature). However, a clear connection of GLY and MGLY to global radiation as well as to biological activity cannot be concluded from the data. A slight correlation between GLY and MGLY in the SML and in aerosols could be a hint for interactions of especially GLY between seawater and the atmosphere.
Augmenting Austrian flood management practices through geospatial predictive analytics: a study in Carinthia
Authors: Ward S. M. , Paulus G.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The Danube River basin has long been the location of significant flooding problems across central Europe. The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the frequency, duration and intensity of these flood events, unveiling a dire need for enhanced flood management policy and tools in the region. Located in the southern portion of Austria, the state of Carinthia has experienced a significant volume of intense flood impacts over the last decade. Although the Austrian government has acknowledged these issues, their remedial actions have been primarily structural to date. Continued focus on controlling the natural environment through infrastructure while disregarding the need to consider alternative forms of assessing flood exposure will only act as a provisional solution to this inescapable risk. In an attempt to remedy this flaw, this paper highlights the application of geospatial predictive analytics and spatial recovery index as a proxy for community resilience, as well as the cultural challenges associated with the application of foreign models within an Austrian environment.
Seasonal controls on snow distribution and aerial ablation at the snow-patch and landscape scales, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Authors: Eveland J. W. , Gooseff M. N. , Lampkin D. J. , Barrett J. E. , Takacs-Vesbach C. D.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Accumulated snow in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, while limited, has great ecological significance to subnivian soil environments. Though sublimation dominates the ablation process in this region, measurable increases in soil moisture and insulation from temperature extremes provide more favorable conditions with respect to subnivian soil communities. While precipitation is not substantial, significant amounts of snow can accumulate, via wind transport, in topographic lees along the valley bottoms, forming thousands of discontinuous snow patches. These patches have the potential to act as significant sources of local meltwater, controlling biogeochemical cycling and the landscape distribution of microbial communities. Therefore, determining the spatial and temporal dynamics of snow at multiple scales is imperative to understanding the broader ecological role of snow in this region. High-resolution satellite imagery acquired during the 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 austral summers was used to quantify the distribution of snow across Taylor and Wright valleys. Extracted snow-covered area from the imagery was used as the basis for assessing inter-annual variability and seasonal controls on accumulation and ablation of snow at multiple scales. In addition to landscape analyses, fifteen 1 km2 plots (3 in each of 5 study regions) were selected to assess the prevalence of snow cover at finer spatial scales, referred to herein as the snow-patch scale. Results confirm that snow patches tend to form in the same locations each year with some minor deviations observed. At the snow-patch scale, neighboring patches often exhibit considerable differences in aerial ablation rates, and particular snow patches do not reflect trends for snow-covered area observed at the landscape scale. These differences are presumably related to microtopographic influences acting on individual snow patches, such as wind sheltering and differences in snow depth due to the underlying topography. This highlights the importance of both the landscape and snow-patch scales in assessing the effects of snow cover on biogeochemical cycling and microbial communities.
Os idosos em um contexto de trabalho e disposições renovadas
Authors: Brandão Guimarães Iracema
Published: June 2013

O presente artigo parte do suposto de que a participação das pessoas idosas nas atividades econômicas tende a ser mais elevada em nosso país e, desse modo, busca conhecer alguns dos fatores que ilustram essa participação. Através da análise, o artigo busca identificar a existência de disposições renovadas entre esses trabalhadores admitindo que isto explicaria em grande parte o seu acesso crescente ao mercado de trabalho na atualidade. Para tanto, utiliza-se de diferentes fontes de dados estatísticos sobre a população e o mercado de trabalho e busca identificar, em grandes linhas, as transformações da economia que determinam a sua dinâmica atual, demonstrando que existe maior concentração dos trabalhadores idosos atuando como autônomos e pequenos empregadores, geralmente, em atividades que se caracterizam por relativa autonomia e diferenciações nas jornadas de trabalho.
O trabalho de cuidado aos idosos no japão e alguns aspectos de comparação internacional
Authors: Hirata Helena
Published: June 2013

Este artigo apresenta a evolução do trabalho de cuidado a pessoas idosas no Japão, destacando-se as características particulares deste tipo de atividade. Os dados correspondem a uma pesquisa realizada no Japão, entre março e julho de 2011, em três instituições, através de observações diretas e de entrevistas com os trabalhadores do care, enfermeiras e diretores desses estabelecimentos. Também foram realizadas entrevistas junto a quatro entidades de prestação de serviços que empregavam cuidadores domiciliares para pessoas idosas. Embora esse artigo seja consagrado ao caso japonês, comparações pontuais serão feitas com o caso francês e brasileiro, que também foram objeto de pesquisa de campo no decorrer do ano de 2011.
Dependência e estratégias de cuidado no Brasil
Authors: Engel Cíntia
Published: June 2013

O envelhecimento populacional traz a tona preocupações em relação à saúde pública, principalmente no que se refere ao cuidado de pessoas com doenças crônicas e com dificuldades em relação à própria autonomia. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir estratégias de cuidado doméstico e institucional. Este trabalho foi elaborado a partir das informações e dados produzidos pela pesquisa Envelhecimento de mulheres: práticas institucionais de violência e abandono - EVA, realizada no DF e em Goiânia em mais de 25 Instituições de Longa Permanência para idosos/as. Para a reflexão deste artigo, adiciono também considerações de minha pesquisa de mestrado sobre o apoio prestado no ambiente familiar às pessoas acometidas pelo mal de Alzheimer.
Liminal ao liminoide: em brincadeira, fluxo e ritual - um ensaio de simbologia comparativa
Authors: Turner Victor
Published: June 2013

A partir da discussão da simbologia comparativa, que não deve ser confundida com a antropologia simbólica, ficando dela distante, objetiva-se tomar o símbolo como evento, e não como coisa, pois ele tem mais a ver com uma dimensão semântica, que remete ao significado na linguagem e no contexto. Desse ponto de vista, o símbolo ritual torna-se um fator de ação social, com um potencial criador ou inovador da ação humana. As ações de cultura expressiva possuem caráter de sistemas semânticos dinâmicos, ganhando e perdendo significados, pois “viajam através” de um rito ou obra de arte. Entre fenômenos liminares e liminoides, ritos e brincadeiras, pensam-se os subsistemas da cultura expressiva para refletir sobre as experiências de communitas e de flow (fluxo), quando observamos o envolvimento total da pessoa naquilo que ela faz.
Patologias sociais contemporâneas: a luta social contra a figura do diabo e o mal-estar da liberdade
Authors: Boaretto Antonio Carlos
Published: June 2013

O presente trabalho intenta mostrar que com o avanço dos processos de modernização da sociedade brasileira assistimos um novo estilo de religiosidade, do qual emerge um tipo de indivíduo fiel, cada vez mais imprevisível. A partir do início do século XXI, acentua-se a ressignificação dos modos de vida, condutas e comportamentos sociais e, por conseguinte, do estilo de religiosidade. Tal processo socava e faz ruir os supostos resquícios de uma herança “pré-moderna” brasileira, caracterizada por formas tradicionais de dominação, regulação, controle e tutela patriarcais e patrimoniais da política da vida. Atualmente, observa-se um movimento não intencional dos “súditos”, recém-liberados, que opera pela via subterrânea e furtiva aos tradicionais mecanismos sócio-institucionais de dominação social e política.
Eles não estão mais pra nad": sexualidade e processos de envelhecimento na dinâmica do Programa Saúde da Família
Authors: Rodrigues Andrade Márcia Andrea , Franch Mónica
Published: June 2013

Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre a sexualidade no processo de envelhecimento contemporâneo, a partir de um campo de observação específico: uma unidade de saúde da família no município de Bayeux (Paraíba). O foco na sexualidade responde a uma maior atenção pública sobre esse fenômeno, que hoje é alvo do interesse de setores específicos do mercado, mas também objeto de preocupação pública face ao crescimento do HIV/Aids nesse segmento. Observando o cotidiano do posto, percebemos que o Programa Saúde da Família não incorpora a sexualidade idosa que, no entanto, irrompe cotidianamente em forma de diversas e inesperadas demandas. Apesar de o programa ser um importante vetor de divulgação da ideologia da “terceira idade”, nesse aspecto específico os profissionais acionam imagens e representações que remetem às ideias de decadência e passividade.
Violência contra pessoas idosas promovida em instituição de saúde
Authors: Souza Andréa dos Santos , Meira Edméia Campos , Menezes Maria do Rosário de
Published: June 2013

Pessoas idosas são vítimas reais e em potencial da violência nos serviços de saúde. A pesquisa buscou identificar as concepções de profissionais de saúde sobre a violência contra idosos promovida em seu ambiente de trabalho e as formas mais frequentes de manifestação. Coletaram-se dados entre 14 profissionais de um hospital público do interior da Bahia, por meio de questionário sociodemográfico e entrevista. Coexistem vários modos de compreender a violência relacionados à cultura, às deficiências estruturais e ao comportamento individual. Preconceito contra a pessoa idosa, negligência e discriminação foram frequentemente referidas. Profissionais e idosos têm sido condescendentes com a violência institucional, perpetuada pelo despreparo para atendimento gerontológico e pela desinformação e atitude passiva dos idosos diante dos maus-tratos sofridos.
Políticas sociais para idosos: algumas reflexões a partir do enfoque de gênero
Authors: Delgado Josimara , Silva Villa Flor Cristiane
Published: June 2013

O texto pretende identificar e discutir as principais tendências das políticas de proteção social ao idoso, com enfoque no gênero, relacionando-as ao modelo mais geral da atual política social brasileira. A base das discussões é a pesquisa bibliográfica e levantamentos exploratórios feitos no âmbito da pesquisa A Proteção social ao Idoso nas Políticas de Seguridade Social em Salvador.