bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impacts of Far‐Field Typhoon‐Generated Coastal Trapped Waves on the Hydrodynamics in the Northern South China Sea: A Case Study of Typhoon In‐Fa
Authors: Hu Suan , Li Yineng , Hu Pengpeng , Zhang Heng , Zhang Guang , Gong Wenping
Published: November 2024

Coastal Trapped Waves (CTWs) have the potential to transmit significant energy from atmospheric wind systems, causing dramatic coastal changes over vast areas, even far from the wind systems. This study investigated the impacts of CTWs generated by Typhoon In‐fa (2021) on the northern South China Sea (NSCS) hydrodynamics using tide gauge observations, reanalysis data, and numerical model outputs. The analysis results indicate that the CTWs induced by Typhoon In‐fa exhibit distinct characteristics in different phases of wave crest and trough. During the crest phase, coastal currents generated by CTWs flow opposite to the background circulation, while during the trough phase, they flow in the same direction. This process is accompanied by changes in cross‐shore currents, such that during the crest phase of CTWs, the cross‐shore currents are landward at the surface and seaward at the bottom, while during the trough phase of CTWs, the cross‐shore currents become reversed. These changes further lead to downwelling in temperature, salinity, and density during the crest phase of CTWs, and upwelling during the trough phase of CTWs. Results from a linear CTW model demonstrated that the above characteristics agreed with the traditional CTW theory. Sensitivity experiments with the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) explored key factors influencing NSCS hydrodynamics, including local winds and CTWs from Typhoon In‐fa. The local winds and CTWs have different effects: they compete during the crest phase and co‐work during the trough phase, with local winds dominating the sea surface and CTWs dominating the seabed.
Baroclinic Instability Induced Mesoscale and Submesoscale Processes in River Plumes: A Laboratory Investigation on a Rotating Tank
Authors: Yuan Yeping , Song Haochen , Wang Yuntao , Lin Ying‐Tien , Song Jinbao , Lowe Ryan J.
Published: November 2024

Under the influence of buoyancy and the earth rotation, river outflows leaving an estuary typically have a two‐part structure, including a recirculating bulge near the river mouth and a coastal current propagating downstream. A continuous river outflow causes the bulge to expand in size and to accumulate freshwater, with the bulge eventually becoming unstable due to baroclinic instability. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments on a rotating tank to simulate an idealized river plume under various Coriolis frequencies, density differences, and shelf slopes. The horizontal velocity structures of the river plume were qutantified using particle imaginary velocimetry (PIV). We designed a velocity‐based vortex identification and tracking algorithm to capture anticyclonic eddies (ACEs) at the bulge center, cyclonic eddies (CEs) on the plume front, and coastal cyclonic return flow (CCRF) at the corner between estuary and coastal wall. Our results suggest a linear relationship between bulge instability parameter and bulge wavenumber, which can be used to predict the bulge instability patterns that are classified according to vortex stretching, splitting, and squeezing. Finally, we estimated the eddy kinetic energy contained within ACEs, CEs, and CCRF to explore the cross‐scale energy transfer and dissipation. Our results show that the bugle is more unstable in gentle slope cases, and its instability decreases with the inflow Rossby number and increases with the Froude number. The generation of CEs on the plume front may extract the energy from the larger scale anticyclonic core, which plays an important role in mass transport and frontal mixing of river plumes.
Global Assessment of Atmospheric Forcing Uncertainties in The Common Land Model 2024 Simulations
Authors: Bai Fan , Wei Zhongwang , Wei Nan , Lu Xingjie , Yuan Hua , Zhang Shupeng , Liu Shaofeng , Zhang Yonggen , Li Xueyan , Dai Yongjiu
Published: November 2024

Offline land surface models (LSMs) require atmospheric forcing data sets for simulating water, energy, and biogeochemical fluxes. However, available forcing data sets remain highly uncertain and can introduce additional differences in LSM simulations. This study explored the impact of various forcing data sets, ranging from widely used to newly developed, on hydrological simulations using the Common Land Model 2024 (CoLM2024). We conducted 12 global experiments using different forcing data sets to force CoLM2024. We evaluated the model's performance against plot‐scale observations and globally gridded reference data. We examined the uncertainties in forcings and their impact on output variables such as latent heat, sensible heat, net radiation, and total runoff. Globally, precipitation has the highest degree of uncertainty at 4.4%. The forcing uncertainties propagate to the model simulations and cause significant differences in simulated variables. Runoff uncertainty is about 15.7% globally, with a greater impact in low latitudes. Our evaluation shows that the newly developed data sets, such as CRUJRA and ERA5LAND, generally outperform the others. However, the optimal forcing data set varies depending on the variable of interest and the targeted region. Partial Least Squares Regression analysis reveals that different simulated variables are associated with dominant forcing variables, highlighting the importance of selecting forcing data sets for specific applications and regions. This study confirms the importance of improving the quality and consistency of meteorological data. This would help reduce simulation biases and guide the improvement of the model structure and parameterization of CoLM2024.
Environmental Changes Recorded in Sedimentary Rocks in the Clay‐Sulfate Transition Region in Gale Crater, Mars: Results From the Sample Analysis at Mars‐Evolved Gas Analysis Instrument Onboard the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover
Authors: Clark J. V. , Sutter B. , McAdam A. C. , Lewis J. M. T. , Franz H. , Archer P. D. , Chou L. , Eigenbrode J. , Knudson C. , Stern J. , Glavin D. , Steele A. , House C. H. , Schroeder J. , Berger J. , Rampe E. B. , Simpson S. , Tutolo B. , Milliken R. E. , Malespin C. , Mahaffy P. , Vasavada A.
Published: November 2024

The Curiosity rover explored the region between the orbitally defined phyllosilicate‐bearing Glen Torridon trough and the overlying layered sulfate‐bearing unit, called the “clay‐sulfate transition region.” Samples were drilled from the top of the fluviolacustrine Glasgow member of the Carolyn Shoemaker formation (CSf) to the eolian Contigo member of the Mirador formation (MIf) to assess in situ mineralogical changes with stratigraphic position. The Sample Analysis at Mars‐Evolved Gas Analysis (SAM‐EGA) instrument analyzed drilled samples within this region to constrain their volatile chemistry and mineralogy. Evolved H2O consistent with nontronite was present in samples drilled in the Glasgow and Mercou members of the CSf but was generally absent in stratigraphically higher samples. SO2 peaks consistent with Fe sulfate were detected in all samples, and SO2 evolutions consistent with Mg sulfate were observed in most samples. CO2 and CO evolutions were variable between samples and suggest contributions from adsorbed CO2, carbonates, simple organic salts, and instrument background. The lack of NO and O2 in the data suggest that oxychlorines and nitrates were absent or sparse, and evolved HCl was consistent with the presence of chlorides in all samples. The combined rover data sets suggest that sediments in the upper CSf and MIf may represent similar source material and were deposited in lacustrine and eolian environments, respectively. Rocks were subsequently altered in briny solutions with variable chemical compositions that resulted in the precipitation of sulfates, carbonates, and chlorides. The results suggest that the clay‐sulfate transition records progressively drier surface depositional environments and saline diagenetic fluid, potentially impacting habitability.
Control of surface structure and properties by side chain effects of polymers
Authors: Matsumoto Takuya
Published: November 2024

Polymer surfaces and interfaces have received much attention in industrial fields because of their functional properties, including appearance, surface protection, reflectivity, anti-fouling, water-repellency, anti-fogging, anti-icing, adhesion, and gas permeability/barrier characteristics. In addition, because polymer surfaces have notably different properties and dynamic behaviors from bulk materials, many academic researchers have been interested in and contributed to the research on polymer surfaces and interfaces in recent decades. The properties and structure at the polymer surface and interface strongly depend on the chemical structure, conformation, and dynamics of the polymer chains. In this review, the impacts of the structure and dynamics of designed polymer side chains on the surface and interface properties and their mechanism are described. In particular, the control of the molecular conformation and dynamics leads to their characteristic surface and interface properties.
Prime editing: therapeutic advances and mechanistic insights
Authors: Murray Joss B. , Harrison Patrick T. , Scholefield Janine
Published: November 2024

We are often confronted with a simple question, “which gene editing technique is the best?”; the simple answer is “there isn’t one”. In 2021, a year after prime editing first made its mark, we evaluated the landscape of this potentially transformative advance in genome engineering towards getting treatments to the clinic [1]. Nearly 20% of the papers we cited were still in pre-print at the time which serves to indicate how early-stage the knowledge base was at that time. Now, three years later, we take a look at the landscape and ask what has been learnt to ensure this tech is broadly accessible, highlighting some key advances, especially those that push this towards the clinic. A big part of the appeal of prime editing is its ability to precisely edit DNA without double stranded breaks, and to install any of the 12 possible single-nucleotide conversion events as well as small insertions and/or deletions, or essentially any combination thereof. Over the last few decades, other transformative and Nobel prize-winning technologies that rely on Watson-Crick base-pairing such as PCR, site-directed mutagenesis, RNA interference, and one might say, “classic” CRISPR, were swiftly adopted across labs around the world because of the speed with which mechanistic rules governing their efficiency were determined. Whilst this perspective focuses on the context of gene therapy applications of prime editing, we also further look at the recent studies which have increased our understanding of the mechanism of PEs and simultaneously improved the efficiency and diversity of the PE toolbox.
Biocompatible hydrogel coating on single living cells through visible light-induced polymerization
Authors: Jung Young Jae , Choi Hyunwoo , Choi Insung S. , Lee Jungkyu K.
Published: November 2024

Visible light-induced photoredox catalysis combined with biocompatible anchor molecules (BAMs) sheds light on hydrogel coating on single mammalian cells.
Boosting fast-charging performance of TiNb2O7via graphdiyne coating
Authors: Wang Fan , Wang Tao , Fan Juntian , Dai Sheng
Published: November 2024

The performance of TiNb2O7 (TNO) is enhanced for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries by coating with graphdiyne (GDY).
Facile in situ synthesis of silver nanoclusters for promoting highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of alkyne-tagged biomolecules
Authors: Hou Leixin , Zhang Mi , Liu Daofu , Xu Mai , Huang Huilin
Published: November 2024

The electromagnetic enhancement and nanostructured cavity sizes of silver-based nanoclusters can be regulated by introduction of multinuclear silver cluster enabling them to be SERS substrates for ultrasensitive detection of alkyne-tagged molecules.
Highly efficient electrooxidation of biomass-based 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid over a Cu–Ni bimetal–phytic acid hybrid electrocatalyst
Authors: Xu Haishan , Li Yinghua , Xie Zhenbing , Wang Xin , Yang Runlu , Wu Haoran , Mai Yiyong
Published: November 2024

High-performance biomass-derived Cu–Ni@PA hybrids were constructed for the electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to high-value-added 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, with high faradaic efficiency (96.7%) and selectivity (97.5%).
Rapid Joule heating synthesis of Pt/C3N4-NVs for photoelectrocatalytic water splitting to produce H2
Authors: Zhao Zehui , Meng Xiangchao
Published: November 2024

Photoelectrocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen has great potential for industrial applications.
Selective urea electrosynthesis via nitrate and CO2 reduction on uncoordinated Zn nanosheets
Authors: Wang Xiaomiao , Zhang Fengyu , Zhang Haixin , Wang Jingxuan , Qu Wenhuan , Li Xiang , Chu Ke
Published: November 2024

Uncoordinated Zn nanosheets are developed as a selective catalyst for electroreduction of NO3− and CO2 to urea, attributed to the critical role of uncoordinated Zn sites in promoting C–N coupling while suppressing the competitive side reactions.
Stepwise MXene and MOF conversion assisted ultrathin dual-carbon-protected V2O3 nanosheets for ultrafast and durable Zn-ion storage
Authors: Ma Xiaolin , Han Ke , Li Hongxing , Song Lulu , Lin Yuan , Lin Liangxu , Liu Yang , Zhao Yi , Yang Zhen , Huang Wei
Published: November 2024

Ultrathin dual-carbon-protected V2O3 nanosheets are developed through stepwise MXene and MOF conversion to realize ultrafast and durable zinc-ion storage.
Efficient organic solar cells with a printed p–i–n stack enabled by an azeotrope-processed self-assembled monolayer
Authors: Du Gengxin , Jiang Wenlin , Zhang Nan , Wang Yiwen , Liu Ming , Lei Tingfeng , An Yidan , Ke Lingyi , Ge Chengda , Lin Francis R. , Jen Alex K.-Y. , Yip Hin-Lap
Published: November 2024

Azeotrope-assisted self-assembled monolayer printing boosts efficiency across all slot-die coated p–i–n organic solar cells.
Strategies of interfacial chemistry manipulated zinc deposition towards high-energy and long-cycle-life aqueous anode-free zinc metal batteries
Authors: Wang Tian , Tang Shaocong , Xiao Ya , Xiang Weiwei , Yu Jae Su
Published: November 2024

This review summarizes the strategies for achieving efficient zinc plating/stripping based on interfacial chemistry manipulation in anode-free zinc metal batteries.
Effects of droplet deposition on aerosol capture efficiency of bipolarly charged fibers
Authors: Kumar Amit , Gautam Sashank , Bhatta Nishant , Tafreshi Hooman V. , Pourdeyhimi Behnam
Published: November 2024

Droplet deposition on an electret fiber affects its electrostatic field and aerosol capture efficiency. Fibers with a dipole orientation perpendicular to the aerosol flow direction are affected more severely than those with a parallel dipole.
Spatial distributions of extreme-ultraviolet brightenings in the quiet Sun
Authors: Nelson C. J. , Hayes L. A. , Müller D. , Musset S. , Freij N. , Auchère F. , Aznar Cuadrado R. , Barczynski K. , Buchlin E. , Harra L. , Long D. M. , Parenti S. , Peter H. , Schühle U. , Smith P. , Teriaca L. , Verbeeck C. , Zhukov A. N. , Berghmans D.
Published: November 2024

Context. The identification of large numbers of localised transient extreme ultraviolet (EUV) brightenings, on very small spatial scales, in the quiet Sun corona has been one of the key early results from Solar Orbiter. However, there are still a great deal of unknowns about these events.

Aims. In this work, we aim to better understand EUV brightenings by investigating their spatial distributions. Specifically, we have investigated whether they occur co-spatially with specific line-of-sight (LoS) magnetic field topologies in the photospheric network.

Methods. We detected the EUV brightenings in this work using an automated algorithm applied to a high-cadence (3 s) dataset sampled over ∼30 minutes on 8 March 2022 by the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager’s 17.4 nm EUV High Resolution Imager (HRIEUV). Data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory’s Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (SDO/HMI) and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) were used to provide context on the LoS magnetic field and for alignment purposes, respectively.

Results. We found a total of 5064 EUV brightenings within this dataset that are directly comparable to events reported previously in the literature. These events occurred within around 0.015–0.020% of pixels for any given frame. We compared eight different thresholds to split the EUV brightenings into four different categories related to the LoS magnetic field. Using our preferred threshold, we found that 627 EUV brightenings (12.4%) occurred co-spatially with strong bipolar configurations and 967 EUV brightenings (19.1%) occurred in weak field regions. Fewer than 10% of EUV brightenings occurred co-spatially with the unipolar LoS magnetic field, no matter what threshold was used. Of the 627 strong bipolar EUV Brightenings, 54 were found to occur co-spatially with cancellation, whilst 57 occurred co-spatially with emergence.

Conclusions. EUV brightenings are primarily found to occur co-spatially with the strong LoS magnetic field in the photospheric network. However, they do not predominantly occur co-spatially with (cancelling) bi-poles.
Fate and detectability of rare gas hydride ions in nova ejecta
Authors: Sil M. , Das A. , Das R. , Pandey R. , Faure A. , Wiesemeyer H. , Hily-Blant P. , Lique F. , Caselli P.
Published: November 2024

HeH+ was the first heteronuclear molecule to form in the metal-free Universe after the Big Bang. The molecule gained significant attention following its first circumstellar detection in the young and dense planetary nebula NGC 7027. We target some hydride ions associated with the noble gases (HeH+, ArH+, and NeH+) to investigate their formation in harsh environments like the nova outburst region. We use a photoionization modeling (based on previously published best-fit physical parameters) of the moderately fast ONe type nova, QU Vulpeculae 1984, and the CO type novae, RS Ophiuchi and V1716 Scorpii. Our steady-state modeling reveals a convincing amount of HeH+, especially in the dense clump of RS Ophiuchi and V1716 Scorpii. The calculated upper limit on the surface brightness of HeH+ transitions suggests that the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) could detect some of them, particularly in sources like RS Ophiuchi and V1716 Scorpii, which have similar physical and chemical conditions and evolution. It must be clearly noted that the sources studied are used as templates, and not as targets for observations. The detection of these lines could be useful for determining the physical conditions in similar types of systems and for validating our predictions based on new electron-impact ro-vibrational collisional data at temperatures of up to 20 000 K.
Tracking the long-term timing accuracy of the X-Ray Telescope on board the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory
Authors: Cusumano G. , La Parola V. , Capalbi M. , Perri M. , Ambrosi E. , Beardmore A. P. , D’Aì A. , Burrows D. N. , Campana S. , Evans P. A. , Kennea J. A. , Osborne J. P. , Sbarufatti B. , Tagliaferri G.
Published: November 2024

Context. The Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory has been operational since November 2004. Its X-ray Telescope (XRT), operating in the 0.3–10.0 keV range, is designed to provide detailed position, timing, and spectroscopic information.

Aims. The calibration procedure for assessing the absolute timing accuracy of XRT was described in a previous paper. Here we update the past analysis using the complete data set of the Crab pulsar observations up to October 2022 and using a new version of the data-processing software package that includes corrections to several issues that could have affected the previous results.

Methods. We evaluate the accuracy of the Crab pulse period determination using the folding technique and the pulse-phase analysis and compare our results with the values derived from radio observations. We also check the absolute time reconstruction, measuring the phase position of the main peak in the Crab profile and comparing it with the value reported in the literature, which is based on Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations.

Results. We find that the accuracy in period determination for the Crab pulsar is of the order of a few picoseconds for the observations with the largest data time span. The absolute time reconstruction, measured using the position of the main pulse peak, shows that the main peak precedes the phase of the position reported in the literature for RXTE by ~263 µs on average. This corresponds to 0.982 in phase, with an observed dispersion of ±0.02 in phase values. We also find that observations very close in time (down to ~1 day separation) show a significant variation in absolute phase.
Direct-method metallicity gradients derived from spectral stacking with SDSS-IV MaNGA
Authors: Khoram Amir H. , Belfiore Francesco
Published: November 2024

Chemical abundances are key tracers of the cycle of baryons that drives the evolution of galaxies. Most measurements of interstellar medium abundances and metallicity gradients in galaxies are, however, based on model-dependent strong-line methods. Direct chemical abundances can be obtained via the detection of weak auroral lines, but such lines are too faint to be detected by large spectroscopic surveys of the local Universe. In this work we overcome this limitation and obtain metallicity gradients from direct-method abundances by stacking spectra from the MaNGA integral field spectroscopy survey. In particular, we stacked 4140 star-forming galaxies across the star formation rate–stellar mass plane and across six radial bins. We calculated electron temperatures for [OII], [SII], [NII], [SIII], and [OIII] across the majority of the stacks. We find that T[OII] ≈ T[SII] ≈ T[OII], as expected since these ions all trace the low-ionization zone of nebulae. The [OIII] temperatures become substantially higher than those of other ions at high metallicities, indicating potentially unaccounted for spectral contamination or additional physics. In light of this uncertainty, we based our abundance calculation on the temperatures of [SIII] and the low-ionization ions. We recover a mass-metallicity relation similar to that obtained with different empirical calibrations. We do not, however, find evidence of a secondary dependence on the star formation rate using direct metallicities. Finally, we derive metallicity gradients that become steeper with stellar mass for log(M⋆/M⊙) < 10.5. At higher masses, the gradients flatten again, confirming with auroral line determinations the trends previously defined with strong-line calibrators.
Characterizing Jupiter’s interior using machine learning reveals four key structures
Authors: Ziv M. , Galanti E. , Howard S. , Guillot T. , Kaspi Y.
Published: November 2024

Context. The internal structure of Jupiter is constrained by the precise gravity field measurements by NASA’s Juno mission, atmospheric data from the Galileo entry probe, and Voyager radio occultations. Not only are these observations few compared to the possible interior setups and their multiple controlling parameters, but they remain challenging to reconcile. As a complex, multidimensional problem, characterizing typical structures can help simplify the modeling process.

Aims. We explored the plausible range of Jupiter’s interior structures using a coupled interior and wind model, identifying key structures and effective parameters to simplify its multidimensional representation.

Methods. We used NeuralCMS, a deep learning model based on the accurate concentric Maclaurin spheroid (CMS) method, coupled with a fully consistent wind model to efficiently explore a wide range of interior models without prior assumptions. We then identified those consistent with the measurements and clustered the plausible combinations of parameters controlling the interior.

Results. We determine the plausible ranges of internal structures and the dynamical contributions to Jupiter’s gravity field. Four typical interior structures are identified, characterized by their envelope and core properties. This reduces the dimensionality of Jupiter’s interior to only two effective parameters. Within the reduced 2D phase space, we show that the most observationally constrained structures fall within one of the key structures, but they require a higher 1 bar temperature than the observed value.

Conclusions. We provide a robust framework for characterizing giant planet interiors with consistent wind treatment, demonstrating that for Jupiter, wind constraints strongly impact the gravity harmonics while the interior parameter distribution remains largely unchanged. Importantly, we find that Jupiter’s interior can be described by two effective parameters that clearly distinguish the four characteristic structures and conclude that atmospheric measurements may not fully represent the entire envelope.
Pollution versus diffusion: Abundance patterns of blue horizontal branch stars in the globular clusters NGC6388, NGC6397, and NGC6752
Authors: Moehler S.
Published: November 2024

Context. The metal-rich ([M/H] = −0.48) bulge globular cluster NGC 6388 displays a blue horizontal branch (HB). Helium enrichment, which is correlated with changes seen among other light elements, might explain this feature. Conversely, the hot HB stars in the metal-poor globular clusters NGC 6397 and NGC 6752 display high abundances of heavy elements caused by radiative levitation.

Aims. I want to determine the abundances of cool blue HB stars in NGC 6388 to verify whether they are helium-enriched. To exclude the effects of radiative levitation for NGC 6388 and to investigate the abundance changes caused by radiative levitation, I analysed the blue HB stars in NGC 6397 and NGC 6752.

Methods. I obtained high-resolution spectra for all three clusters. I then determined the effective temperatures and surface gravities from UV-optical photometry (NGC 6388) and the spectra (NGC 6397, NGC 6752) together with local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) model spectra. The results were used together with equivalent widths by the GALA program, which provides consistent atmospheric parameters and abundances.

Results. For NGC 6397 and NGC 6752, only moderately hot HB stars were suitable for analysis with GALA. When including the literature data, a large scatter is seen at the onset of radiative levitation, followed by increasing abundances up to about 13 500 K (Si, Fe), then turning to a plateau (Si) and a forking (Fe) for higher temperatures. In NGC 6388, the star 4113 shows variations in radial velocity, which may indicate binarity. For the remaining three blue HB stars, the metal abundances are consistent with the products of hot hydrogen burning. The data were too noisy to allow for the helium abundances to be measured.

Conclusions. The presence of hot hydrogen burning products in the blue HB stars in NGC 6388 could indicate helium enrichment. The abundance variations with temperature in moderately hot HB stars in NGC 6397 and NGC 6752 suggest an influence of parameters beyond rotation and effective temperature.
RETRACTED: Retraction Note: Stopping peculiarities of the iterative algorithm for identifying scenes in at video stream
Authors: Alexandrov Islam , Titova Anastasia , Nogmov Muhamed , Karpov Nikita
Published: November 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 138, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202413800001
Productivity of triploid aspen crops in various forest growing conditions of the Leningrad region
Authors: Boitsov Aleksandr , Zhigunov Anatoly , Zimireva Violetta
Published: November 2024

The use of various methods of mechanical tillage, which correspond to the forest growing conditions of the forest-cultivated area, makes it possible to obtain high productivity indicators of triploid aspen crops. In rich, well-drained conditions, where there is no need for surface amelioration, planting on no-tillage soil or in micro-raisings is possible. In the presence of permanent or temporary excessive humidity, it is necessary to apply plow tillage with different depths of the drainage ditch. In almost all sample plots triploid aspen at the age of 9-11 years showed better parameters compared to aspen taken as a control.
Ips sexdentatus Börner damage in Siberian pine-dominated forests of southern Central Siberia
Authors: Tatarintsev Andrey , Kulakova Nadezhda , Khizhniak Natalia
Published: November 2024

The subject of this study is an active outbreak of the six-toothed bark beetle (Ips sexdentatus) in the Manskoye forest management unit of Krasnoyarsk Krai (Altai-Sayan mountain-taiga forest region). The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the bark beetle on the deterioration of forest stand health and sustainability, particularly in stands dominated by Pinus sibirica. The research methods employed included forest pathology monitoring, an integrated assessment of stand health, the visual detection of damage to Siberian pine by the six-toothed bark beetle using standard indicators, and a statistical analysis of empirical series of tree distribution by diameter. The health of forest stands, including Siberian pine, has been severely weakened, with the current-year mortality rate representing a medium-to-severe degree of disturbance. The damage to Siberian pine in the bark beetle outbreak area is from weak to severe with a predominance of trees that have already been damaged and left by the bark beetle. The share of the stem volume of inhibited trees is less than 10%. The bark beetle colonizes trees of any size in proportion to their representation in the stand structure. In the six-toothed bark beetle outbreak area, the majority of trees exhibiting signs of damage are dead. The average health category of affected trees is classified as dying-dead. The proportion of inhibited living trees in the 2-3 health classes was 14-19%, indicating an increase in the aggressiveness of the xylophage. This is due to the high numbers of the xylophage in combination with preliminary violations of the resilience of forests due to anthropogenic activity and negative changes in site conditions.
Succession in forest ecosystems disturbed by the Siberian moth in Central Siberia
Authors: Sultson Svetlana , Slinkina Olga , Kulakova Nadezhda , Mikhailov Pavel , Khizhniak Natalia , Kulakov Sergey
Published: November 2024

The article presents the findings of field studies conducted in coniferous forests that were subjected to mass defoliation by caterpillars of the Siberian moth between 2015 and 2018 in the taiga zone. The loss of tree crowns by more than 75% resulted in the complete loss of functional sustainability and a degradation of dark coniferous stands (stands dominated by Siberian fir, Siberian pine and Siberian spruce). The study yielded findings nine years after the outbreak began, including an assessment of the forest stand's current state, the mortality rate, and the volume of deadwood. The succession scenario encompasses a series of stages, including the natural restoration of the forest through the change of species (from coniferous to deciduous trees) and active swamping processes. Consequently, for an extended period, the study area will continue to present a significant risk in terms of fire hazard and environmental degradation.
Forest	communities	in	old	manor	parks	as emerald network elements of European Russia
Authors: Gaivoronskaya A.A. , Avramenko M.V. , Moskalenko I.V. , Nozdracheva E.V. , Chigrai O.N. , Chuchin D.I.
Published: November 2024

The conservation value of the territories is clearly demonstrated by the Emerald Network criteria and the EUNIS habitat classification. These tools diagnose the conservation value of the territories by taking into account their ecosystem functions. The research goal was fulfilled thanks to the well-developed syntaxonomy of vegetation and clear formulations for describing the diagnostic features of plant communities formed in the synecological optimum of habitats. The inventory work in old manor parks of the Bryansk region justified objects with unique habitats for inclusion in the Emerald Book of Russia. Our survey of 15 old manor parks in the Bryansk region revealed seven complexes where zonal plant communities are formed. These habitats are of great natural, cultural, and historical significance and should be designated as "key habitats." The plant communities of Querco-Tilion and Alnion glutinosae in the manor parks with different stages of demutational shiftsDunin-Borkovskiy, Rumyantsev, Ryovny, Foevichi, Lyalichi, Koretsky, and Lubin Khutor manors have been classified as habitats of G1 categories. 22 - Mixed oak- elm-ashtree forests; G1.A1 - Northern Central Russian oak-lime forests; G1.A4 - Gully and slope forests. The following habitat codes were determined according to the EUNIS system, which complements the classification of the ecological network area types: T1: Eastern European black alder swamp forests; T1-E: Northern Middle Russian oak-lime forests, sub-taiga lime forests. To preserve unique habitats and formed communities, park complexes must be designated as regional natural monuments. This will ensure they are included in the relevant legislation and regulations. Estate parks must also be incorporated into the ecological framework for Bryansk and neighboring regions. Finally, the introduction of invasive plants that disrupt homeostatic regulation mechanisms must be controlled.
Experience in deciphering the Betula pubescens resistograms for the detection of trunk rot in woody plants
Authors: Grevtsova Vera , Yakovenko Nataliya , Natsentova Elizaveta , Starukhina Ekaterina
Published: November 2024

The wood diagnostics and quality control method based on measuring the material's resistance to drilling is one of the fastest growing areas of wood science and expertise in timber construction. The purpose of the study was to determine the minimum number of drills required to diagnose the internal condition of a growing tree's trunk and to identify patterns of wood pathology distribution in the north-south and west-east directions, as well as along the height of the tree to assess the possible location of the break. This article presents the results of processing the drilling profiles of a model birch (Betula pubescens) and experimentally calculated wood density obtained with the Resistograph® device. The uneven distribution of trunk rot both along the height of the trunk and along the drilling directions north-south, west-east was found. This means that for a reliable diagnosis of the internal condition of the wood it is necessary to drill along the length/height in at least two mutually perpendicular directions in the selected cross-section, at a maximum pitch of 1 m. A histogram of the length/height condition of the wood, based on the decoded resistograms, gives a clear indication of the possible location of the break.
On the concept of ecohydrological separation of flows in ecosystems
Authors: Kamalova Nina , Lisitsyn Victor , Evsikova Natalia , Matveev Nikolay
Published: November 2024

In this paper, within the framework of the concept of ecohydrological separation, modeling of changes in transpiration flow velocity in a tree at fluctuations of relative humidity of the environment is carried out with the help of basic equations of fluid mechanics and gas mechanics. In a computational experiment, the result is determined by parameters that have a clear physical meaning and take into account the unique properties of tree pores and the solutions in them. The model can be used to identify the characteristic range for parameter values taking into account the influence of climate, soil composition, tree species and to form databases for research of transpiration processes and the influence of the environment on them.
Simulation modeling of recuperative cone unit with ball bearing of road train
Authors: Posmetev Valery , Savinkov Maxim , Nikonov Vadim , Posmetev Victor
Published: November 2024

The ways of increasing the efficiency of tractors aggregated with mounted devices with disk implements during forest restoration activities are determined. A promising design of a recuperative mounted system of a tractor is proposed. A mathematical model is developed that describes the operation of the proposed mounted system during soil cultivation by a tractor. The dependencies of the influence of design and operational factors on the performance indicators of the proposed mounted system are revealed. It is established that with a hydraulic cylinder diameter of 60 mm of the mounted device of a disk implement, the value of the recuperated power reaches 0.55 kW. With an increase in the speed of the tractor, the height and density of obstacles, the intensity of pumping the working fluid into the pneumatic accumulator by the hydraulic cylinder increases, therefore, the recuperated power also increases.
Exploring common technical issues in modern technology
Authors: Korabayev Sherzod , Ergashev Oybek , Mahsudov Sh. A. , Mamatova Sayyara
Published: November 2024

In an increasingly technology-dependent society, the prevalence of technical issues poses significant challenges for users. This paper explores common problems associated with modern technology, including stability and speed, compatibility, security, and access. Utilizing a systematic development research method, the study assesses technical glitches that disrupt daily operations in both personal and professional contexts. Key findings indicate that software piracy, compatibility issues among devices, and network connectivity problems are widespread, impacting user experience and productivity. The research emphasizes the importance of proactive measures, such as implementing robust backup strategies and understanding the various avenues for technical support, to effectively mitigate these issues. Additionally, it highlights the growing concerns related to emerging technologies, which may amplify existing vulnerabilities and introduce new risks. As technology continues to evolve rapidly, the study underscores the necessity for enhanced safety and security measures across all technological domains. Ultimately, this research serves as a valuable resource for understanding the implications of common technical issues and offers practical strategies for users to navigate and manage these challenges in their daily technology use, thereby fostering a more resilient technological environment.
Problems of Energy Efficiency Management from the Perspective of a Cyclical Approach
Authors: Sizova Evgeniya , Andryunina Yana , Belyaeva Svetlana , Zhutaeva Evgeniya , Stativa Ekaterina
Published: November 2024

This article addresses the issues of energy efficiency management and its characteristics in the light of identified specificities. The key factors shaping the problem landscape for improving energy efficiency are defined, characterizing energy efficiency management as a complex, multifaceted process. The fundamental principles of managing cyclical processes are presented. The characteristics of the life cycle, as a type of cycle encompassing the entire existence period of an entity, are examined. Additionally, the life cycle of a building as an energy system is discussed, along with an analysis of the life cycle of investment projects in the field of energy efficiency and investment-construction projects from the perspective of project management characteristics. One key aspect of managing cyclical processes is identified: the repeatability of actions under changing conditions, which complicates the typification and regulation of processes. A procedure for managing cyclical processes is proposed, taking into account the dynamics of their conditions. The factors that hinder the assessment of the effectiveness of cyclical process management are explored. A list of attributes for cyclical processes is suggested to aid in the development and optimization of management tools. In conclusion, criteria for the quality organization and management of energy efficiency are established.
Eco-friendly construction materials: Modified gypsum-containing bind
Authors: Asamatdinov Marat , Zhukov Alexey , Zhuk Peter , Bobrova Ekaterina , Medvedev Andrey
Published: November 2024

The use of gypsum-containing binders significantly expands both the raw material base and the possibilities of application of materials based on them. Clay-gypsum belongs to this group of binders. Clay-gypsum raw material and binder on its basis are local building materials. Binders based on clay gypsum have advantages under the following conditions: the remoteness of deposits of natural gypsum raw materials and the proximity of production from consumers. Clay gypsum is a natural formation of fine-grained crystalline gypsum, evenly mixed with clay or loam. The amount of gypsum varies from 50 to 95%. The aim of the research was the formation of scientific bases for obtaining clay-gypsum binder stabilized by its properties, as well as the development of optimized parameters for the production of this binder. As a result of research, the technological parameters of receiving clay-no-gypsum binder and modes of its thermal processing (firing) are optimized, and also the influence of technologies on the properties of clay-no-gypsum binder, which can be considered an analogue of binder received from natural gypsum raw material, is studied. It is established that at the age of 28 days of hardening, the compressive strength of clay-gypsum binder fired at the temperature of 250 oC reached 8.8–8.6 MPa, which at the accepted level of security allowed to obtain a binder of G-8 grade. The formation of soluble anhydrite did not exceed 1.5%.
Generation of 8 μm radiation in a ZnGeP2 single crystal at a difference frequency, with pumping by telecommunication-band radiation of 1.5 μm and radiation at a wavelength of 1.908 μm
Authors: Yudin Nikolay , Zinovev Mikhail , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Kulesh Maxim , Podzyvalov Sergey , Slyunko Elena , Baalbaki Hussein , Lysenko Alexey , Kalsin Andrey , Gabdrakhmanov Akmal
Published: November 2024

This study theoretically investigates difference frequency generation in a ZnGeP2 crystal pumped by a fiber laser (1.53 μm) and a Tm:YLF laser (1.908 μm) for generating mid-infrared radiation. The theoretical model incorporates phase matching conditions, nonlinear susceptibility, crystal length, and beam parameters (sum of the average power of the pump wave and signal wave and the pulse duratio)to estimate the generated pulse and average power. The impact of absorption and pulse duration on the output power is analyzed. Results indicate that increasing pump power and decreasing pulse duration enhance the average output power. The study provides a theoretical framework for designing efficient difference frequency generation-based mid-infrared sources.
The general equation of shell expansion under the action of high pressure
Authors: Popov Alexander , Valiev Rustem
Published: November 2024

The task of determining the discharge speed of the shell breakage elements is of important application. Information on the flight speed allows you to evaluate the reliability of the structure in extreme situations. The solution of this problem presents certain difficulties associated with the non-stationary process of destruction of the shell in question.
Factor of influence of baseline data on the realization of integrated territorial development in the Arctic conditions
Authors: Bidov Tembot , Khubaev Alan , Lotkin Victor , Borovkova Anastasia
Published: November 2024

This article analyzes the influence of input data on the process of implementation of integrated territorial development in the Arctic conditions. The study is based on the analysis of data obtained from various sources such as statistical reports, geographical maps, sociological surveys and others. This study examines the factors affecting the construction processes of complex territorial development, in particular, the application of work organization project in the Arctic conditions. The implementation of the project and factors affecting the project implementation are also analyzed. The results of the study make it possible to identify the key factors affecting the success of territory development programs in the Arctic conditions and offer recommendations to improve the quality of input data used in the planning and implementation of integrated territory development projects. Based on the results obtained, the interrelationships of technological processes by various parameters are revealed, which in turn will allow us to determine the presence and levels of influence of the assumed factors on the changes in the implementation of the processes of integrated territorial development in the Arctic conditions.
Method of testing building models and their engineering systems for seismic impact
Authors: Abovyan Avetik , Marutyan Aleksandr , Abovyan Gurgen
Published: November 2024

Methods of experimental modeling of seismic impact on buildings and their models under force im-pacts, including the stability of building envelope systems, characters and basic parameters that correspond to loads occurring during real earthquakes are considered. The main methods of seismic impact on buildings and structures were analyzed using seismic platforms of software control, directed powerful underground explosion and vibration machines. The advantage of the vibration method is proved, which allows relatively fast and easy and low-cost testing of both full-scale buildings and structures, as well as their models. Experimental installation and method of testing of buildings and their models for seismic impact, excited with the help of simultaneously acting several vibration machines, are presented. Oscillograms of superposition of the first ІІ-ІІІ vibration modes were obtained when testing a model of the frame of a 9-storey building. In order to assess the degree of accuracy of the proposed method of simulating seismic impact from an accelerogram of one earthquake, floor movements of a building model were determined theoretically and experimentally. The comparison of the results of theoretical and experimental studies showed that the discrepancy between them is on average 10-15%.
Analysis of time series characteristics using machine learning model and correlation matrix in the tasks of forecasting the state of forest ecosystems
Authors: Gusev Pavel , Tavolzhanskij Alexander , Zolnikov Vladimir , Deniskina Antonina
Published: November 2024

This paper considers the problem of choosing the required set of characteristics for time series forecasting. The method of solving this problem on the basis of correlation matrix is proposed. A correlation matrix is constructed based on the prepared data, after which a list is formed for each variable, ordered by decreasing modulus of the correlation degree. Then linear regression models are trained and the quality of predictions for different sets of variables from the sorted list is compared. Next, a comparison is made for different values of sampling time to determine the optimal value for each variable. To apply the considered algorithm, information from various measuring sensors taking readings of climate variables in the forest lands was used.