bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Ultrasound Energy Transfer Technologies using Metamaterial Structures
Authors: Imani Iman M. , Kim Hyun Soo , Shin Joonchul , Lee Dong‐Gyu , Park Jiwon , Vaidya Anish , Kim Chowon , Baik Jeong Min , Zhang Yu Shrike , Kang Heemin , Hur Sunghoon , Song Hyun‐Cheol
Published: June 2024

Wireless energy transfer (WET) based on ultrasound‐driven generators with enormous beneficial functions, is technologically in progress by the valuation of ultrasonic metamaterials (UMMs) in science and engineering domains. Indeed, novel metamaterial structures can develop the efficiency of mechanical and physical features of ultrasound energy receivers (US‐ETs), including ultrasound‐driven piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators (US‐PENGs and US‐TENGs) for advantageous applications. This review article first summarizes the fundamentals, classification, and design engineering of UMMs after introducing ultrasound energy for WET technology. In addition to addressing using UMMs, the topical progress of innovative UMMs in US‐ETs is conceptually presented. Moreover, the advanced approaches of metamaterials are reported in the categorized applications of US‐PENGs and US‐TENGs. Finally, some current perspectives and encounters of UMMs in US‐ETs are offered. With this objective in mind, this review explores the potential revolution of reliable integrated energy transfer systems through the transformation of metamaterials into ultrasound‐driven active mediums for generators.
Swedish farmers' approval of nudges
Authors: Colen Liesbeth , Englberger Leon , Rommel Jens
Published: June 2024

Interest in the use of behavioral policy approaches, such as nudges, has strongly increased over the past years, including in the domains of food, agricultural and environmental policies. While the approval of nudges among the general public has been studied extensively, we know little about the attitude of farmers toward nudging. Farmers may (perceive to) be affected directly by food and agriculture nudges, which may result in different approval as compared to citizens. Moreover, given the increased interest in the use of nudges targeting farm behavior, it is relevant to know their attitude toward these policies. In an online survey, 342 Swedish farmers indicated their approval or disapproval of the same nudging policies that have been investigated in earlier studies with citizens. We find that, overall and over all areas covered, farmers have remarkably lower approval rates of nudging policies than the general public. While this may be partially explained by their socioeconomic profiles, also the connection of some nudges with farming activities may explain their different opinion. We find that farmers with a “green” orientation are generally more favorable, especially so for “green” nudges. [EconLit Citations: Q18, D03].
Angstrom‐scale channels with versatile ion‐membrane interactions enabling precise ion separation via electrodialysis
Authors: Zhang Yiren , Lin Yuqing , Gan Ning , Zhang Jiayu , Wu Baolong , Yu Jianguo , Matsuyama Hideto , Wang Rong
Published: June 2024

In nature, efficient and selective ion transport is facilitated by ion‐conductive channels in cell membranes; these channels reveal an architectural design with specialized functionality. Drawing inspiration from this, mechanistic insights into the angstrom‐scale‐channel membrane composed of ionic‐crosslinked polybenzimidazole and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone), exhibiting functional differentiation and efficient ion‐sieving properties are presented. Nanochannels allow for strong hydrogen‐bonding interactions with hydrated ions of higher polarity, while rendering significant electrostatic charge effects that impede the transition of multivalent ions by compressing effective passageways. Both hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions synergistically result in high selectivity for monovalent ions over multivalent ions because the latter requires overcoming higher energy barriers for transport compared with the former, thereby causing varying extents of ion dehydration within the nanochannels. The resulting membrane achieves a high monovalent ion permeation rate of 1.35 mol m−2 h−1 with a high mono/multivalent ion selectivity of 56.5 for K+/Mg2+ and 286 for K+/Al3+.
Effect of apolipoprotein E ε4 and its modification by sociodemographic characteristics on cognitive measures in South Asians from LASI‐DAD
Authors: Wang Yi Zhe , Zhao Wei , Moorjani Priya , Gross Alden L. , Zhou Xiang , Dey Aparajit B. , Lee Jinkook , Smith Jennifer A. , Kardia Sharon L. R.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

We investigated the effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 and its interactions with sociodemographic characteristics on cognitive measures in South Asians from the Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study of India (LASI‐DAD).

METHODS

Linear regression was used to assess the association between APOE ε4 and global‐ and domain‐specific cognitive function in 2563 participants (mean age 69.6 ± 7.3 years; 53% female). Effect modification by age, sex, and education were explored using interaction terms and subgroup analyses.

RESULTS

APOE ε4 was inversely associated with most cognitive measures (p < 0.05). This association was stronger with advancing age for the Hindi Mental State Examination (HMSE) score (βε4×age = −0.44, p = 0.03), orientation (βε4×age = −0.07, p = 0.01), and language/fluency (βε4×age = −0.07, p = 0.01), as well as in females for memory (βε4×male = 0.17, p = 0.02) and language/fluency (βε4×male = 0.12, p = 0.03).

DISCUSSION

APOE ε4 is associated with lower cognitive function in South Asians from India, with a more pronounced impact observed in females and older individuals.

Highlights

APOE ε4 carriers had lower global and domain‐specific cognitive performance.

Females and older individuals may be more susceptible to ε4 effects.

For most cognitive measures, there was no interaction between ε4 and education.
Cobalt‐Doped Bismuth Nanosheet Catalyst for Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Electrolyte‐Free Formic Acid
Authors: Nankya Rosalynn , Xu Yuting , Elgazzar Ahmad , Zhu Peng , Wi Tae‐Ung , Qiu Chang , Feng Yuge , Che Fanglin , Wang Haotian
Published: June 2024

Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction reaction (CO2RR) to valuable liquid fuels, such as formic acid/formate (HCOOH/HCOO−) is a promising strategy for carbon neutrality. Enhancing CO2RR activity while retaining high selectivity is critical for commercialization. To address this, we developed metal‐doped bismuth (Bi) nanosheets via a facile hydrolysis method. These doped nanosheets efficiently generated high‐purity HCOOH using a porous solid electrolyte (PSE) layer. Among the evaluated metal‐doped Bi catalysts, Co‐doped Bi demonstrated improved CO2RR performance compared to pristine Bi, achieving ~90 % HCOO− selectivity and boosted activity with a low overpotential of ~1.0 V at a current density of 200 mA cm−2. In a solid electrolyte reactor, Co‐doped Bi maintained HCOOH Faradaic efficiency of ~72 % after a 100‐hour operation under a current density of 100 mA cm−2, generating 0.1 M HCOOH at 3.2 V. Density functional theory (DFT) results revealed that Co‐doped Bi required a lower applied potential for HCOOH generation from CO2, due to stronger binding energy to the key intermediates OCHO* compared to pure Bi. This study shows that metal doping in Bi nanosheets modifies the chemical composition, element distribution, and morphology, improving CO2RR catalytic activity performance by tuning surface adsorption affinity and reactivity.
para‐Aminoazobenzole – Bipolare Redoxaktive Verbindungen
Authors: Schatz Dominic , Baumert Marcel E. , Kersten Marie C. , Schneider Finn M. , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted , Hansmann Max M. , Wegner Hermann A.
Published: June 2024

Azobenzole (AB) sind vielseitige Verbindungen mit zahlreichen Anwendungsgebieten. Eines dieser Gebiete ist die Energiespeicherung, wie zum Beispiel molekulare organischen Solarthermie (MOST) Speicher, oder Phasenwechselmaterial. Batterien sind eine weitere Applikation von AB als elektrochemische Energiespeicher, die auf der reversiblen 1e− Reduktion zu Radikalanion beruhen. Oxidationen von AB sind üblicherweise irreversibel, können jedoch durch eine 4,4‘‐Diaminosubstitution reversibel werden. Diese Reversibilität ist auf die Bildung eine stabile Chinonstruktur zurückzuführen. Hier präsentieren wir ein System, das bipolares Redoxverhalten von AB zeigt. Dadurch können AB nicht nur als Anolyte, sondern auch als Katholyte eingesetzt werden. Die erhaltenden Redoxpotentiale können durch geeignete Amin‐ oder Ringsubstitutionen angepasst werden. Des Weiteren wurde die Festkörperstruktur der oxidierten Chinonform zum ersten Mal mittels Röntgenbeugung charakterisiert.
Photocatalytic Asymmetric Acyl Radical Truce–Smiles Rearrangement for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched α‐Aryl Amides
Authors: Ma Wei‐Yang , Leone Matteo , Derat Etienne , Retailleau Pascal , Reddy Chada Raji , Neuville Luc , Masson Géraldine
Published: June 2024

The radical Truce–Smiles rearrangement is a straightforward strategy for incorporating aryl groups into organic molecules for which asymmetric processes remains rare. By employing a readily available and non‐expensive chiral auxiliary, we developed a highly efficient asymmetric photocatalytic acyl and alkyl radical Truce–Smiles rearrangement of α‐substituted acrylamides using tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) as a hydrogen atom–transfer photocatalyst, along with aldehydes or C−H containing precursors. The rearranged products exhibited excellent diastereoselectivities (7 : 1 to >98 : 2 d.r.) and chiral auxiliary was easily removed. Mechanistic studies allowed understanding the transformation in which density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided insights into the stereochemistry‐determining step.
Real‐Time Non‐Faradaic Potentiodynamic Impedance Sensing Using Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Fuhry Emil , Guglielmotti Victoria , Wachta Isabell , Pallarola Diego , Balasubramanian Kannan
Published: June 2024

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a suitable analytical technique to detect interfacial phenomena and analyte binding at electrode surfaces. In contrast to metallic electrodes, carbon‐based electrodes are more suited due to the low cost and the availability of more versatile methods for chemical functionalization. For (bio) sensing, often the Faradaic version of EIS in a three‐electrode configuration is used, where a redox‐active species is used as a marker. In order to avoid interference due to the redox‐active marker with the interfacial interaction, we focus here on the use of non‐Faradaic EIS in the absence of any added markers. First, we utilize the sedimentation of silica beads as a model system, which reduces the complexity of the interaction simplifying the interpretation of the measured signals. Moreover, we introduce two improvements. First, impedance measurements are performed in a three‐electrode configuration with applied potential as an additional variable, which serves as a handle to optimize the sensitivity. Secondly, we present a time‐differential strategy to detect subtle changes and demonstrate that we can consistently follow the sedimentation of beads using the non‐Faradaic impedance as a function of the applied potential. Finally, we show a proof‐of‐principle demonstration for the biosensing of cell attachment on the electrodes in real‐time using the proposed technique.
A new 3D Zn(II)‐based coordination polymer with kgd topology as potent photocatalyst for antibiotic degradation
Authors: Bao Ling‐Ling , Tan Tian‐Tian , Li Yi‐Na , Muddassir Mohd , Zhong Wen , Srivastava Shreya , Trivedi Manoj , Kumar Abhinav , Jin Jun‐Cheng
Published: June 2024

A new coordination polymer (CP) with composition [Zn3(bpyp)2(TCB)2(H2O)2]n (1) has been engendered by performing reaction of Zn(II) with 1,3,5‐tris‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)benzene (H3TCB) and 2,5‐bis(pyrid‐4‐yl)pyridine (bpyp) under solvothermal condition. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis for 1 suggests kgd topological behavior having resemblance with a tessellation composed of diamond shapes arranged in a star pattern and represented by the Schläfli symbol {41}2{42·62·81}. This newly designed CP exhibits optical band gap of 2.92 eV and employed as photocatalyst for photodegradation of antibiotics, namely, nitrofurazone (NFZ), chloramphenicol (CAP), sulfasalazine (SLA), oxytetracycline (OXY), and furazolidone (FZD). Among these antibiotics, 1 displays best photocatalytic activity against the photodegradation of NFZ and under optimized conditions viz. photocatalyst dosage of 15 mg, and initial NFZ concentration of 40 ppm, the CP 1 displays best catalytic performance and photo‐decomposed 93.04% NFZ with pseudo first order rate constant k of 0.04502 min−1 in 1 h. The likely photocatalytic mechanism has been evaluated using theoretical calculations.
Preparation of palladium‐based catalysts and use for depolymerization of larch bark tannins
Authors: Liu Nianci , Li Te , Zhang Zhuorui , Su Ling , Jiang Guiquan
Published: June 2024

In this study, we synthesized eight palladium‐based catalysts using two carriers, ZrO2 and MCM‐41. These catalysts were used for the degradation of condensed tannins extracted from larch bark. The average polymerization degree and degradation rate of the products were used as indicators to evaluate the efficiency of degradation. The effects of different Pd:Cu loading ratios under the same carrier conditions and the effects of different carriers under the same Pd:Cu loading ratio were investigated. The results revealed that when the carrier was kept constant, the Pd:Cu ratio of 1:1 exhibited the highest efficiency in degrading condensed tannins. Moreover, when the Pd:Cu loading ratio was the same, the degradation efficiency was higher when ZrO2 was used as the carrier. Based on these findings, the catalyst (Pd1‐Cu1)5/ZrO2 (where “1” are the molar ratios of Pd to Cu added during the preparation of the catalyst and where ‘5’ is the mass percentage of Pd/Cu metal to total catalyst, i.e., 5 wt%), with ZrO2 as the carrier and a Pd:Cu ratio of 1:1, demonstrated the highest degradation efficiency, with a degradation rate of 73.89%. This catalyst successfully reduced the average polymerization degree of condensed tannins from 9.5 to 2.48.
Description of a new specimen of Haplocanthosaurus from the Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry
Authors: Boisvert Colin , Curtice Brian , Wedel Mathew , Wilhite Ray
Published: June 2024

A new specimen of Haplocanthosaurus is described based on bones excavated from the Late Jurassic Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry near Delta, Colorado. The specimen consists of seven dorsal vertebrae and a right tibia and is identified as Haplocanthosaurus based on the dorsally angled transverse processes, tall neural arch peduncles, low parapophyses relative to the diapophyses in the posterior dorsal vertebrae, and the robustness of the tibia combined with a greatly expanded distal articular surface. The discovery adds to our understanding of the biostratigraphy of Haplocanthosaurus, showing this genus is definitively present in the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation, and making this individual the geologically youngest Haplocanthosaurus specimen on the Colorado Plateau. The identification of this genus adds to the known diversity of sauropods at Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry (DMDQ), which is at least six distinct genera, making DMDQ the most diverse single locality of sauropods in the Morrison Formation and the world.
Cutting‐edge HPLC and MCR techniques for synchronically quantifying anticholinergic drugs in the presence of C12 and C14 homologs: Robust application to green and white chemistry
Authors: Al‐Wasidi Asma S. , Ahmed Hoda A. , Alshammari Manal Falag Abtan , Nafee Sherif S. , Mohamed Mahmoud A.
Published: June 2024

Green and white chemistry are vital to revolutionizing the chemical industry through their unparalleled potential to enhance sustainability and efficiency. In this study, nine sustainability tools of both green and white metrics, including green analytical procedure index (GAPI), ComplexGAPI, analytical greenness, analytical greenness metric for sample preparation, Analytical Eco‐Scale (ESA), analytical method greenness score, high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ environmental assessment tool (HPLC‐EAT), analytical method volume intensity, and blue applicability grade index (BAGI), have been developed for appraising environmental friendliness for both innovative and straightforward mean centering of ratio spectra (MCR) and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) strategies utilized for concurrent analysis and separation of cyclopentolate (CYC) and C12 and C14 homologs of benzalkonium chloride (BNZ) in pure and ophthalmic solution. The mobile phase, formed of buffer phosphate and acetonitrile (35:65, v/v), was adjusted to pH 6.3, and 215‐nm UV detection was used. The experimental flow rate was 2.0 mL min−1, and the analytical column was L11 Inertsil Ph‐3 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm). All sequences were run at 25°C in the column oven. The MCR approach effectively resolved the drug's spectral overlapping. CYC and BNZ employed this approach at 227.5 and 220.4 nm, respectively. As part of the HPLC analysis, an isocratic method was employed with phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the mobile phase at 35:65. A correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 was observed between the calibration curves for the HPLC and MCR methods in the ranges of 20–320 µg mL−1 and 5–30 µg mL−1 for all drugs. The technique yields excellent primary recovery rates, ranging from 97.2% to 100.5%. The recommended approach has been validated according to International Council for Harmonization guidelines.
A data‐driven predictive model for disinfectant residual in drinking water storage tanks
Authors: Kyritsakas Grigorios , Boxall Joby , Speight Vanessa
Published: June 2024

A data‐driven approach is developed and proven for ranking the risk of low disinfection residual in water distribution storage tanks, 1 month ahead. The forecasting methodology uses water quality data collected from drinking water treatment plants, storage tank outlets, and rainfall data as inputs. This methodology was developed and tested with data from a water utility serving more than 5 million people. Results show high‐risk category prediction accuracy of 75%–80%. Using a final year of unseen validation data, more than 90% of the storage tanks ranked in the top 20 by the forecasting methodology experienced low disinfectant residual in the following month. Storage tanks are critical water distribution system infrastructure that are currently managed reactively. The adoption of such readily transferable machine learning approaches enables direct proactive management strategies and efficient interventions that can help ensure drinking water quality.
Beyond traditional supply chain management: Addressing sociopolitical challenges in increasingly turbulent global trade landscape
Authors: Narkhede Ganesh , Samuel Cherian , Mahajan Sonal , Verma Devika , Sakhare Nitin , Chaudhari Tansen
Published: June 2024

An increasing number of sociopolitical issues, including international wars, armed conflicts, decoupling of economic powers, deglobalization, nationalism, protectionism, sanctions, tariff wars, political tensions, and other sociopolitical forces affecting global supply chains (GSCs) and supply chain management (SCM) strategies. Amidst these sociopolitical factors, the global trade landscape is undergoing a seismic shift. This paper examines the complex web of these sociopolitical aspects, their impact on SCM strategies, and their implications for GSCs. The systematic literature review approach is used for this research, which entails the following steps: selecting and assessing pertinent sources, summarizing and synthesizing the literature, examining challenges and opportunities, articulating conclusions, and pinpointing prospective directions for future research. The findings of this study reveal that these sociopolitical factors have significant impacts on multiple facets of SCM, such as sourcing strategies, supplier relationships, risk management, and overall supply chain resilience. In addition, the study presents a roadmap for businesses to effectively navigate these difficulties, which involves diversifying supply chain networks, integrating corporate sustainability strategies, and implementing environmental, social, and governance factors into business operations. The originality of this research lies in its integrated and holistic approach to the integration of sociopolitical factors into SCM theory and practice.
How do companies adopt open innovation to enable circular economy? Insights from a qualitative meta‐analysis of case studies
Authors: Calabrese Armando , Costa Roberta , Haqbin Arash , Levialdi Ghiron Nathan , Tiburzi Luigi
Published: June 2024

Open innovation (OI) is a pivotal driver in fostering the practical implementation of circular economy (CE). Based on 42 case studies identified through a systematic search, the present study seeks to understand how OI strategies are currently integrated within companies' circular business models (CBMs). The content analysis of the cases, interpreted through a strategy matrix, emphasises a prevalent inclination among companies towards collaborative and network‐based OI strategies. These strategies exhibit high depth and breadth of knowledge search, indicating companies' tendency to engage with numerous knowledge sources in deep partnership. Moreover, the findings underscore that the companies tend to favour OI strategies rooted in the depth of knowledge search rather than breadth in developing CBMs. In addition to contributing to the existing CE knowledge, the findings of this study offer empirical insights for managers, practitioners and policymakers, aiming to effectively integrate OI strategies into CBMs.
Synergizing computer‐aided design, commercial software, and cutting‐edge technologies in an innovative nozzle test apparatus for an engineering laboratory course
Authors: Chen Mingtai
Published: June 2024

This study explores compressible flow, a field reliant on mathematical models for effective teaching. Using laboratory experiments as pedagogical tools, we introduce a compact nozzle test apparatus that integrates cutting‐edge technologies—additive manufacturing (AM), pressure‐sensitive paint, the Schlieren system, image processing, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD)—in a compressible flow laboratory course. Commercial software, including MATLAB, SOLIDWORKS, ANSYS Fluent, and LabVIEW, facilitates the incorporation of these technologies. The research outlines the course structure, objectives, and details of student projects. Through a comparative analysis of experimental results, analytical calculations, and CFD simulations, we showcase the successful integration of AM in pedagogical practices for compressible flow, addressing critical concerns like nozzle strength and surface roughness. Statistical data from student projects offer practical insights, ensuring accuracy in experimental applications. The laboratory's design and detailed lists of components and costs provide a meaningful comparison with a supersonic wind tunnel, considering manufacturing expenses, operational costs, spatial requirements, and noise levels. The assessment of lab report grades underscores the approach's efficacy in conveying compressible flow concepts successfully, facilitated by modern computers. In summary, our study presents a comprehensive, efficient, and technologically advanced approach to teaching compressible flow within a concise framework.
Child sexual exploitation and abuse disclosure and help‐seeking: A glimpse of global South data
Authors: Kavenagh Mark , Maternowska M. Catherine
Published: June 2024

Over decades, research practitioners have highlighted how survivors of sexual abuse in childhood face strong forms of stigma including victim‐blaming, shame and social isolation. However, the data and evidence are disproportionately slanted towards the global North. Shifting the focus to the global South, this reflective piece draws on two substantial multicountry research projects to highlight the expectations and experiences of young survivors of child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA) in their quest for support. By applying a socio‐ecological analysis, it demonstrates how societal stigma—from both professionals and young people themselves—compounds the help‐seeking process. The findings support the well‐documented concept that disclosing sexual violence is an ongoing—not singular—process that depends on a series of interactions at the individual, interpersonal and institutional levels of the ecosystem. Building better trauma‐informed responses is likely to help; however, a focus only on services falls short, especially in countries where child protection systems struggle to thrive. A concurrent transformative shift in both social and gender norms across the ecosystem is essential to address the seemingly intractable challenges to child sexual exploitation and abuse prevention and response.
Real‐Time Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Pancreatic and Colon Cancer Tumor‐Xenografts with Parahydrogen Hyperpolarized 1‐13C Pyruvate‐d3
Authors: Fries Lisa M. , Hune Theresa L. K. , Sternkopf Sonja , Mamone Salvatore , Schneider Kim Lucia , Schulz‐Heddergott Ramona , Becker Dorothea , Glöggler Stefan
Published: June 2024

Parahydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP) is an emerging technique to enhance the signal of stable isotope metabolic contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance (MR). The objective of this study is to continue establishing 1‐13C‐pyruvate‐d3, signal‐enhanced via PHIP, as a hyperpolarized contrast agent, obtained in seconds, to monitor metabolism in human cancer. Our focus was on human pancreatic and colon tumor xenografts. 1‐13C‐vinylpyruvate‐d6 was hydrogenated using parahydrogen. Thereafter, the polarization of the protons was transferred to 13C. Following a workup procedure, the free hyperpolarized 1‐13C‐pyruvate‐d3 was obtained in clean aqueous solution. After injection into animals bearing either pancreatic or colon cancer xenografts, slice‐selective MR spectra were acquired and analyzed to determine rate constants of metabolic conversion into lactate and alanine. 1‐13C‐pyruvate‐d3 proved to follow the increased metabolic rate to lactate and alanine in the tumor xenografts.
Dioxygen Activation by Gold(I)‐Distorted Porphyrin Dinuclear Complexes
Authors: Suzuki Wataru , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Tokitoh Norihiro , Teranishi Toshiharu
Published: June 2024

Interactions between gold‐based materials and dioxygen (O2) have motivated researchers to understand reaction mechanisms for O2 activation by homo‐ and heterogeneous gold catalysts. In this work, gold(I) porphyrin dinuclear complexes were synthesized with a saddle‐distorted porphyrin ligand. The gold(I) porphyrin complexes showed unprecedented O2 activation in the presence of protic solvents to form gold(III) tetradentate porphyrin complexes. Mechanistic insights into the O2 activation by the gold(I) center were elucidated by spectroscopic measurements and theoretical calculations, revealing that dissociation of halides on the gold(I) center by alcohol solvents and hydrogen bonding of an N−H proton in the distorted porphyrin with dioxygen played important roles in establishing the unique reactivities of gold(I) complexes.
KMT2A and chronic inflammation as potential drivers of sporadic parathyroid adenoma
Authors: Xu Qin , La Ting , Ye Kaihong , Wang Li , Wang Shasha , Hu Yifeng , Teng Liu , Yan Lei , Li Jinming , Zhang Zhenhua , Shao Zehua , Zhang Yuan Yuan , Zhao Xiao Hong , Feng Yu Chen , Jin Lei , Baker Mark , Thorne Rick F. , Zhang Xu Dong , Shao Feng‐Min , Cao Huixia
Published: June 2024

Background

Sporadic parathyroid adenoma (PA) is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism, yet the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis remain incompletely understood.

Methods

Surgically removed PA samples, along with normal parathyroid gland (PG) tissues that were incidentally dissected during total thyroidectomy, were analysed using single‐cell RNA‐sequencing with the 10× Genomics Chromium Droplet platform and Cell Ranger software. Gene set variation analysis was conducted to characterise hallmark pathway gene signatures, and single‐cell regulatory network inference and clustering were utilised to analyse transcription factor regulons. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to validate cellular components of PA tissues. siRNA knockdown and gene overexpression, alongside quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and cell proliferation assays, were conducted for functional investigations.

Results

There was a pervasive increase in gene transcription in PA cells (PACs) compared with PG cells. This is associated with high expression of histone‐lysine N‐methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A). High KMT2A levels potentially contribute to promoting PAC proliferation through upregulation of the proto‐oncogene CCND2, which is mediated by the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3). PA tissues are heavily infiltrated with myeloid cells, while fibroblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages in PA tissues are commonly enriched with proinflammatory gene signatures relative to their counterparts in PG tissues.

Conclusions

We revealed the previously underappreciated involvement of the KMT2A‒STAT3/GATA3‒CCND2 axis and chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of PA. These findings underscore the therapeutic promise of KMT2A inhibition and anti‐inflammatory strategies, highlighting the need for future investigations to translate these molecular insights into practical applications.

Highlights

Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing reveals a transcriptome catalogue comparing sporadic parathyroid adenomas (PAs) with normal parathyroid glands.

PA cells show a pervasive increase in gene expression linked to KMT2A upregulation.

KMT2A‐mediated STAT3 and GATA3 upregulation is key to promoting PA cell proliferation via cyclin D2.

PAs exhibit a proinflammatory microenvironment, suggesting a potential role of chronic inflammation in PA pathogenesis.
Classical and quantum theory of fluctuations for many‐particle systems out of equilibrium
Authors: Schroedter E. , Bonitz M.
Published: June 2024

Correlated classical and quantum many‐particle systems out of equilibrium are of high interest in many fields, including dense plasmas, correlated solids, and ultracold atoms. Accurate theoretical description of these systems is challenging both, conceptionally and with respect to computational resources. While for classical systems, in principle, exact simulations are possible via molecular dynamics, this is not the case for quantum systems. Alternatively, one can use many‐particle approaches such as hydrodynamics, kinetic theory, or nonequilibrium Green functions (NEGF). However, NEGF exhibit a very unfavorable cubic scaling of the CPU time with the number of time steps. An alternative is the G1–G2 scheme [N. Schlünzen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 076601 (2020)] which allows for NEGF simulations with time linear scaling, however, at the cost of large memory consumption. The reason is the need to store the two‐particle correlation function. This problem can be overcome for a number of approximations by reformulating the kinetic equations in terms of fluctuations – an approach that was developed, for classical systems, by Yu.L. Klimontovich [JETP 33, 982 (1957)]. Here, we present an overview of his ideas and extend them to quantum systems. In particular, we demonstrate that this quantum fluctuations approach can reproduce the nonequilibrium GW approximation [E. Schroedter et al., Cond. Matt. Phys. 25, 23401 (2022)] promising high accuracy at low computational cost which arises from an effective semiclassical stochastic sampling procedure. We also demonstrate how to extend the approach to the two‐time exchange‐correlation functions and the density response properties. [E. Schroedter et al., Phys. Rev. B 108, 205109 (2023)]. The results are equivalent to the Bethe–Salpeter equation for the two‐time exchange‐correlation function when the generalized Kadanoff‐Baym ansatz with Hartree‐Fock propagators is applied [E. Schroedter and M. Bonitz, phys. stat. sol. (b) 2024, 2300564].
The influence of olfactory experience on the birthrates of olfactory sensory neurons with specific odorant receptor identities
Authors: Rufenacht Karlin E. , Asson Alexa J. , Hossain Kawsar , Santoro Stephen W.
Published: June 2024

Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are one of a few neuron types that are generated continuously throughout life in mammals. The persistence of olfactory sensory neurogenesis beyond early development has long been thought to function simply to replace neurons that are lost or damaged through exposure to environmental insults. The possibility that olfactory sensory neurogenesis may also serve an adaptive function has received relatively little consideration, largely due to the assumption that the generation of new OSNs is stochastic with respect to OSN subtype, as defined by the single odorant receptor gene that each neural precursor stochastically chooses for expression out of hundreds of possibilities. Accordingly, the relative birthrates of different OSN subtypes are predicted to be constant and impervious to olfactory experience. This assumption has been called into question, however, by evidence that the birthrates of specific OSN subtypes can be selectively altered by manipulating olfactory experience through olfactory deprivation, enrichment, and conditioning paradigms. Moreover, studies of recovery of the OSN population following injury provide further evidence that olfactory sensory neurogenesis may not be strictly stochastic with respect to subtype. Here we review this evidence and consider mechanistic and functional implications of the prospect that specific olfactory experiences can regulate olfactory sensory neurogenesis rates in a subtype‐selective manner.
Rapid taxonomic categorization of short, abundant virus sequences for ecological analyses
Authors: Sjodin Anna R. , Willig Michael R. , Rodríguez‐Durán Armando , Anthony Simon J.
Published: June 2024

Public health concerns about recent viral epidemics have motivated researchers to seek novel ways to understand pathogen infection in native, wildlife hosts. With its deep history of tools and perspectives for understanding the abundance and distribution of organisms, ecology can shed new light on viral infection dynamics. However, datasets allowing deep explorations of viral communities from an ecological perspective are lacking. We sampled 1086 bats from two, adjacent Puerto Rican caves and tested them for infection by herpesviruses, resulting in 3131 short, viral sequences. Using percent identity of nucleotides and a machine learning algorithm (affinity propagation), we categorized herpesviruses into 43 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) to be used in place of species in subsequent ecological analyses. Herpesvirus metacommunities demonstrated long‐tailed rank frequency distributions at all analyzed levels of host organization (i.e., individual, population, and community). Although 13 herpesvirus OTUs were detected in more than one host species, OTUs generally exhibited host specificity by infecting a single core host species at a significantly higher prevalence than in all satellite species combined. We describe the natural history of herpesvirus metacommunities in Puerto Rican bats and suggest that viruses follow the general law that communities comprise few common and many rare species. To guide future efforts in the field of viral ecology, hypotheses are presented regarding mechanisms that contribute to these patterns.
Breeding ecology of the Asian openbill in eastern Nepal: Larger trees support higher fledgling success
Authors: Tamang Ganesh , Katuwal Hem Bahadur , Subba Asmit , Singh Nanda Bahadur
Published: June 2024

Colonial nesting waterbirds in agricultural landscapes have historically received limited research attention, especially in South Asia. For example, the Asian openbill (Anastomus oscitans) is a colonial species that extensively utilizes agricultural landscapes, yet there is a notable lack of substantial studies despite increasing urbanization across these landscapes. We investigated the factors affecting the breeding ecology of Asian openbills in eastern Nepal. We used a grid‐based approach to locate stork colonies and monitored them throughout the breeding season from May to November for three consecutive years (2020–2022). Altogether, we observed a total of 67 active colonies, comprising 4020 active nests, which successfully fledged a total of 7566 chicks. Additionally, most of the colonies were located within areas of human settlements (40%), followed by community forests (33%) and agricultural land (27%). The Asian openbills primarily preferred large trees, such as Bombax ceiba (72%), for nesting. The mean height of nesting trees was approximately 4 m taller, the diameter at breast height was twice as large, and the canopy cover area was three times greater than that of non‐nesting trees. The canopy cover area of trees positively influenced the colony size, while colony size positively influenced the fledgling's success. Our study underscores the significance of large trees in providing sufficient space for accommodating a substantial number of openbill nests and fledglings. These findings have significant implications for conservation efforts to protect large trees along with wetlands and agricultural lands, as crucial measures to ensure the sustainable breeding of this nationally vulnerable species.
How to shorten scientific manuscripts
Authors: Tack Ayco J. M. , Ehrlén Johan , Roslin Tomas
Published: June 2024

Many journals have strict word limits, and authors therefore spend considerable time shortening manuscripts. Here, we provide pointers for efficiently doing so while retaining key content. We include general guidance, tips for condensing the different parts of a scientific paper, and advice on what to avoid when shortening manuscripts. We hope that readers will find our guidance helpful.
Bacterioplankton taxa compete for iron along the early spring–summer transition in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Puente‐Sánchez Fernando , Macías‐Pérez Luis Alberto , Campbell Karley L. , Royo‐Llonch Marta , Balagué Vanessa , Sánchez Pablo , Tamames Javier , Mundy Christopher John , Pedrós‐Alió Carlos
Published: June 2024

Microbial assemblages under the sea ice of the Dease Strait, Canadian Arctic, were sequenced for metagenomes of a small size fraction (0.2–3 μm). The community from early March was typical for this season, with Alpha‐ and Gammaproteobacteria as the dominant taxa, followed by Thaumarchaeota and Bacteroidetes. Toward summer, Bacteroidetes, and particularly the genus Polaribacter, became increasingly dominant, followed by the Gammaproteobacteria. Analysis of genes responsible for microbial acquisition of iron showed an abundance of ABC transporters for divalent cations and ferrous iron. The most abundant transporters, however, were the outer membrane TonB‐dependent transporters of iron‐siderophore complexes. The abundance of iron acquisition genes suggested this element was essential for the microbial assemblage. Interestingly, Gammaproteobacteria were responsible for most of the siderophore synthesis genes. On the contrary, Bacteroidetes did not synthesize siderophores but accounted for most of the transporters, suggesting a role as cheaters in the competition for siderophores as public goods. This cheating ability of the Bacteroidetes may have contributed to their dominance in the summer.
Host‐plant sex and phenology of Buddleja cordata Kunth interact to influence arthropod communities
Authors: González‐Ramírez I. , López‐Gómez V. , Cano‐Santana Z. , Romero Pérez A. , Hernández Cumplido J.
Published: June 2024

Intraspecific variation in plants is expected to have profound impacts on the arthropod communities associated with them. Because sexual dimorphism in plants is expected to provide consistent variation among individuals of the same species, researchers have often studied the effect it has on associated arthropods. Nevertheless, most studies have focused on the effect of sexual dimorphism in a single or a few herbivores, thus overlooking the potential effects on the whole arthropod community. Our main objective was to evaluate effects of Buddleja cordata's plant‐sex on its associated arthropod community. We surveyed 13 pairs of male and female plants every 2 months during a year (June 2010 to April 2011). Every sampling date, we measured plant traits (water content and leaf thickness), herbivory, and the arthropod community. We did not find differences in herbivory between plant sex or through time. However, we found differences in water content through time, with leaf water‐content matching the environmental seasonality. For arthropod richness, we found 68 morphospecies associated with female and 72 with male plants, from which 53 were shared by both sexes. We did not observe differences in morphospecies richness; however, we found sex‐associated differences in the diversity of all species and differences on the diversity of the most abundant species with an interesting temporal component. During peak flowering season, male plants showed higher values on both parameters, but during the peak fructification season female plants showed the higher values on both diversity parameters. Our research exemplifies the interaction between plant‐phenology and plant‐sex as drivers of arthropod communities' diversity, even when plant sexual‐dimorphism is inconspicuous, and highlighting the importance of accounting for seasonal variation. We stress the need of conducting more studies that test this time‐dependent framework in other dioecious systems, as it has the potential to reconcile previous contrasting observations reported in the literature.
Genome sequencing, comparative analysis, and gene expression responses of cytochrome P450 genes in Oryzias curvinotus provide insights into environmental adaptation
Authors: Li Ming , Deng Aiping , He Chuanmeng , Yao Zebin , Zhuo Zixuan , Wang Xiu yue , Wang Zhongduo
Published: June 2024

The mangrove fish (Oryzias curvinotus) serves as a model for researching environmental adaptation and sexual development. To further such research, we sequenced and assembled a high‐quality 842 Mb reference genome for O. curvinotus. Comparative genomic analysis revealed 891 expanded gene families, including significantly expanded cytochrome P450 (CYP) detoxification genes known to be involved in xenobiotic defense. We identified 69 O. curvinotus CYPs (OcuCYPs) across 18 families and 10 clans using multiple methods. Extensive RNA‐seq and qPCR analysis demonstrated diverse spatiotemporal expression patterns of OcuCYPs by developmental stage, tissue type, sex, and pollutant exposure (17β‐estradiol (E2) and testosterone (MT)). Many OcuCYPs exhibited sexual dimorphism in gonads, suggesting reproductive roles in steroidogenesis, while their responsiveness to model toxicants indicates their importance in environmental adaptation through enhanced detoxification. Pathway analysis highlighted expanded CYP genes in arachidonic acid metabolism, drug metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. This chromosome‐level genomic resource provides crucial biological insights to elucidate the functional roles of expanded CYPs in environmental adaptation, sexual development, early life history, and conservation in the anthropogenically impacted mangrove habitats of O. curvinotus. It also enables future ecotoxicology research leveraging O. curvinotus as a pollution sentinel species.
Evaluation of the 2021 ESC recommendations for family screening in hereditary transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Muller Steven A. , Peiró‐Aventin Belén , Biagioni Giulia , Tini Giacomo , Saturi Giulia , Kronberger Christina , Achten Anouk , Dobner Stephan , te Rijdt Wouter P. , Gasperetti Alessio , te Riele Anneline S.J.M. , Varrà Guerino G. , Ponziani Alberto , Hirsch Alexander , Porcari Aldostefano , van der Meer Manon G. , Zampieri Mattia , van der Harst Pim , Kammerlander Andreas , Biagini Elena , van Tintelen J. Peter , Barbato Emanuele , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Menale Silvia , Gräni Christoph , Merlo Marco , Michels Michelle , Knackstedt Christian , Nitsche Christian , Longhi Simone , Musumeci Beatrice , Cappelli Francesco , Garcia‐Pavia Pablo , Oerlemans Marish I.F.J.
Published: June 2024

Aims

The 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) screening recommendations for individuals carrying a pathogenic transthyretin amyloidosis variant (ATTRv) are based on expert opinion. We aimed to (i) determine the penetrance of ATTRv cardiomyopathy (ATTRv‐CM) at baseline; (ii) examine the value of serial evaluation; and (iii) establish the yield of first‐line diagnostic tests (i.e. electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and laboratory tests) as per 2021 ESC position statement.

Methods and results

We included 159 relatives (median age 55.6 [43.2–65.9] years, 52% male) at risk for ATTRv‐CM from 10 centres. The primary endpoint, ATTRv‐CM diagnosis, was defined as the presence of (i) cardiac tracer uptake in bone scintigraphy; or (ii) transthyretin‐positive cardiac biopsy. The secondary endpoint was a composite of heart failure (New York Heart Association class ≥II) and pacemaker‐requiring conduction disorders. At baseline, 40/159 (25%) relatives were diagnosed with ATTRv‐CM. Of those, 20 (50%) met the secondary endpoint. Indication to screen (≤10 years prior to predicted disease onset and absence of extracardiac amyloidosis) had an excellent negative predictive value (97%). Other pre‐screening predictors for ATTRv‐CM were infrequently identified variants and male sex. Importantly, 13% of relatives with ATTRv‐CM did not show any signs of cardiac involvement on first‐line diagnostic tests. The yield of serial evaluation (n = 41 relatives; follow‐up 3.1 [2.2–5.2] years) at 3‐year interval was 9.4%.

Conclusions

Screening according to the 2021 ESC position statement performs well in daily clinical practice. Clinicians should adhere to repeating bone scintigraphy after 3 years, as progressing to ATTRv‐CM without signs of ATTRv‐CM on first‐line diagnostic tests or symptoms is common.
Exploring the Pt→Ligand Back‐Donation Through the Rotational Barrier of an Acyclic Diaminocarbene
Authors: Nerli Francesca , Samaritani Simona , Labella Luca , Ciancaleoni Gianluca
Published: June 2024

The importance of the Dewar‐Chatt‐Duncanson model for inorganic chemists cannot be overstated. It provides a simple yet robust framework for understanding metal‐ligand bonding in terms of σ‐donation and π‐back‐donation. Some years ago, a publication (Chem. Eur. J. 2015, 21, 2467) introduced a method to effectively correlate experimental NMR data with back‐donation, using [LAu(ADC)]+/0 complexes (ADC=acyclic diaminocarbene) as case study. Here, we theoretically expand the same method to [L(PH3)(ADC)PtCl]+/0 complexes, to verify whether the method is general and to gain deeper insights into the influence of L on Pt‐ADC bonding, especially in the trans position. Such insights hold potential for guiding rational catalyst design strategies.