bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF FILAGGRIN IN THE FORMATION OF SKIN BARRIER DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Kandrashkina Y.A. , Orlova E.A. , Nenasheva N.M. , Levashova O.A.
Published: August 2024

Dysfunction of the epidermal barrier plays an important role in the development of skin inflammatory processes. Pathological changes in the intracellular composition of keratinocytes are an integral part of the modern understanding of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). One of the significant proteins involved in the formation of the skin barrier is filaggrin (FLG). The purpose of our review is to summarize the available data on the role of FLG in the formation of skin barrier dysfunction in AD. Material and methods. An analysis of domestic sources was carried out using the scientific electronic libraries Cyberleninka and Elibrary, and foreign sources using the PubMed/Medline databases. Results. Excessive accumulation of FLG monomers in keratinocytes during skin barrier dysfunction induces premature cell death. Intracellular vesicles/exosomes remove FLG from keratinocytes for further transport through the bloodstream. Staphylococcus aureus is able to influence intracellular vesicles, enhancing FLG transport. More than 140 variants of FLG gene mutations are known, leading to a deficiency of the protective skin protein. In AD there is an increased level of FLG in the blood serum. The level of FLG increases with the severity of the skin inflammatory process. Pregnant women with AD have higher serum FLG levels compared to nonpregnant women with AD, healthy pregnant women, and nonpregnant women. Conclusion. FLG plays a significant role in maintaining the skin barrier function. Pronounced changes in the level of FLG in the blood serum in AD allow us to consider FLG as a biomarker of exacerbation of this disease. Given the transport of FLG into the blood, further in-depth study of the role of FLG in localizations distant from the skin is necessary.
Interleukins and metalloproteinases in the lungs of mice with BCG-granulomatosis with the injection of the liposomal form of dextrazide
Authors: Sinyavskaya A.M. , Troitskii A.V. , Bystrova T.N. , Novikova E.G. , Selyatitskaya V.G.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. An actual decision of the issue of safety and effective drug therapy improvement is the development of transport systems that allow to provide targeted delivery of drugs to target cells, while reducing their toxic effects. The aim of the work was to carry out a comparative study of the effects of isoniazid, composition of isoniazid with oxidized dextran (dextrazid), and liposomal form of dextrazid (LFD) on the levels of interleukins IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), metalloproteinases MMP1 and MMP9, tissue inhibitor of proteinase TIMP1, volume density of destruction and lymphoid infiltrates in the lung parenchyma of mice with BCG-granulomatosis. Material and Methods. The study was performed on 100 male BALB/c mice, the tested substances were injected for 2 and 6 months. Lungs were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution and subjected to standard histologic staging. To estimate the volume density of destructive changes and lymphoid infiltrates, the percent of area occupied by them was determined; in immunohistochemical study, the volume density of positively stained cells was determined. Results. It was shown that the effectiveness of dextrazide in comparison with isoniazid regarding the reduction of inflammatory processes activity in the lungs is higher, with the greatest effectiveness of LFD injected by inhalation. In response to isoniazid injection into mice, the levels of MMP1 and MMP9 decreased more than twice, and the level of TIMP1 increased; LFD injection intraperitoneally and inhaled caused a more pronounced effect. The level of destructive changes in the lung parenchyma of mice was maximal in mice in the comparison group and minimal in animals injected with LFD regardless of the form of its injection. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that oxidized dextran in composition with isoniazid contributes to an additional reduction in the activity of inflammatory processes in the lungs of mice with BCG granulomatosis; placing the composition in liposomes enhances the anti-inflammatory effect and contributes to the reduction of destructive processes by decreasing MMP activity and increasing TIMP1 activity.
The use of prebiotics in the seasonal prevention of gastritis using the example of the drug Mesi-Vit Plus
Authors: Ivanyuk E. , Seliverstov P. , Kutsenko V.
Published: August 2024

In the prevention and complex anti-relapse therapy of gastritis, a special place is given to the intake of functional foods and supplements containing prebiotics. The article discusses in detail the mechanism of action of these funds. Particular emphasis is placed on inulin, as a highly effective and safe prebiotic of natural origin. The prospects for using the herbal prebiotic drug Mesi-Vit Plus in improving the state of intestinal microflora and combating pathologies of the digestive system are assessed.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of natural enterosorbents in removing residual amounts of antibiotics
Authors: Kataeva N. , Sarkisyan N. , Shardina L. , Kushnareva D. , Arama S.
Published: August 2024

The toxic effect of antibiotics on the human body is due, among other things, to their accumulation in vivo during long-term use or at high dosages. Removal of residual amounts of antibiotics and their metabolic products after a course of therapy is possible with the help of sorbents, while natural enterosorbents have a number of advantages over synthetic ones. Purpose. To identify the most effective type of natural enterosorbent for the removal of cephalosporin antibiotics using ceftriaxone as an example. Material and methods. During the work, a series of aqueous solutions of ceftriaxone sodium salt with concentrations of 0.54•10-3 mol/l was prepared; 0.90•10-3 mol/l; 1.44•10-3 mol/l; 2.70•10-3 mol/l; 4.51•10-3 mol/l and mixed with equal amounts of adsorbents such as zosterol, povidone, apple and citrus pectins. The specific adsorption of the antibiotic was determined by the difference in solution concentrations before and after adsorption using conductometry. Results. Based on experimental data, adsorption isotherms of ceftriaxone on four enterosorbents were constructed. The graphs determined the concentrations of the antibiotic at which the maximum saturation of the corresponding adsorbent occurs: for zosterol – 0.54•10-3 mol/l, for apple pectin – 0.9•10-3 mol/l, for citrus pectin – 2.7•10-3 mol/l, on the surface of povidone the maximum saturation is not reached even at a maximum antibiotic concentration of 4.5•10-3 mol/l. Conclusion. All studied natural sorbents are capable of adsorbing ceftriaxone and, as a result, removing it from the body. The most effective sorbent in relation to the antibiotic under study is povidone.
PERSPECTIVES OF URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID APPLICATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Morozov A. , Kadykov A. , Sergeev N. , Bogochanov V. , Dmitrieva D. , Nilova E.
Published: August 2024

The possibilities of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) application in clinical practice are evaluated. Statistical analysis of data from modern Russian and foreign literature sources, as well as recent scientific works in the field of pharmacology of UDCA was carried out. UDCA has a significant potential, as it can affect both the body as a whole and its individual organs, systems and processes. This effect is realized either by immunomodulating properties of the acid or directly on the cells themselves through bile acid receptors (bile acids together with UDCA are able to perform the role of signaling molecules). It should be noted that in many studies antagonism of UDCA and other bile acids was observed.
THE EFFECT OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND COURSE OF CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC URTICARIA
Authors: Golovinov A. , Gladko V. , Sorokina E. , Belyakova G.
Published: August 2024

The article analyzes the infectious load in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. The authors analyzed virological and bacteriological laboratory data, assessed the level of infectious load, and identified possible associations with specific types of infections. The results of the study showed that clinical and/or laboratory signs of activity of bacterial agents were observed in 40.66% of patients, signs of activity of viral agents - in 21.43%, combined bacterial-viral pathology - in 23.08%, clinical and laboratory signs of activity of infectious agents were absent in 14.83% of patients. It has been found that certain types of infections, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpes virus type 6, Helicobacter pylori, can be closely associated with the manifestation of urticaria. The study highlights the importance of studying the infectious load in this nosology in order to develop personalized approaches to the treatment and management of this disease.
Features of preparation for colonoscopy of patients with chronic constipation
Authors: Seliverstov P.
Published: August 2024

Chronic constipation is characterized by a constant violation of the act of defecation lasting at least 3 months. According to various epidemiological studies, the problem affects a significant proportion of the world's population, while its exact prevalence is not known and depends on the geographical region, age group and diagnostic criteria used. Violation of the rhythm of defecation can cause a number of negative consequences for human health. Ensuring a regular bowel movement rhythm should be a priority in the prevention of digestive disorders, including chronic constipation. The latter can significantly reduce the quality of life, causing physical and psychological discomfort. In addition, it can be a symptom of serious diseases. The importance of diagnosis and effective treatment of chronic constipation cannot be overestimated, especially in the context of preparation for procedures such as colonoscopy, which is the gold standard for the diagnosis of many diseases of the colon. Colonoscopy plays a particularly important role in the early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer, which significantly increases the chances of successful treatment. The problem of preparing for colonoscopy in patients with chronic constipation is due not only to the high prevalence of this condition, but also to the need for a specialized approach to its implementation to ensure sufficient visualization and minimize risks.
A Contrastive Analysis of Indirect Passive Sentences of Japanese Language and Sundanese Passive Sentences
Authors: Sutedi Dedi , Hayati Novia , Widianti Susi
Published: August 2024

Indirect passive sentences, especially those with intransitive verb predicates, are complicated for Japanese language (JL) learners in Indonesia to understand because they cannot be combined into Indonesian language (IL) passive sentences. Contrastive research between passive JL and Sundanese language (SL) is one effort to overcome this problem because most JL learners in West Java speak SL as their mother tongue. The results of data analysis show that several types of intransitive passives can be combined with SL passive sentences, namely (a) the JU-I type passive is equivalent to the ke-N-an construction; (b) passive types JU-II and JU-IV corresponding to the ditingalkeun-V-intr construction; and (c) passive type JU-VII corresponding to dipang-V-intr-keun construction. The differences include: (1) the ke-N-an construction does not always contain an adversative meaning, but can also express a neutral meaning or a beneficial meaning (onkei), and (2) the verbs used to fill in the ditingalkeun-V-intr construction are limited to verbs that contain a negative meaning.
MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF TRAFFIC SIGNAL TIMINGS FOR MINIMIZING WAITING TIME, CO2 EMISSIONS, AND FUEL CONSUMPTION AT INTERSECTIONS
Authors: Alkafaji Esraa , Swadi Husham L.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we present an optimization strategy that uses Genetic Algorithms (GA) to reduce Waiting Time, CO2 Emissions, and fuel consumption in a transportation network. The optimization process is performed through simulations using the well-known traffic simulation tool, SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility). The main objective is to identify the most efficient traffic light timing plan. The proposed GA uses a binary encoding method for signal timing configurations and includes a fitness function to evaluate network performance regarding fuel consumption. The algorithm iteratively builds a set of signal-timing solutions over generations until it converges on the optimal solution. Empirical results show that the GA approach significantly reduces waiting time, reducing CO2 emissions, and reducing fuel consumption compared to standard signal timing plans. This research makes a significant contribution to the domain of traffic management and provides valuable insights for policymakers and transportation planners looking to reduce the environmental footprint of urban transportation networks.
ASSESSMENT OF HIGHWAY PAVEMENT DISTRESSES SUBJECTED TO OVERLOADING IN HILLA CITY: A ROAD NO. 80 CASE STUDY
Authors: Jasem Alia , Hayder Abbas Hayder Abbas
Published: August 2024

Roadway pavements constitute a vital component of transportation infrastructure, and their effective maintenance and rehabilitation are paramount to ensure optimal functionality. Efficient road management systems save time and resources and rely on accurate pavement condition surveys. To ensure optimal functionality, it is crucial to establish a pavement management system (PMS) that involves assessing the current state of the road network and predicting future conditions. In this research, we assessed the effectiveness of asphalt pavements using two well-known approaches: The Present Serviceability Index and The Pavement Condition Index (PCI). The PCI, a numerical index, is a reliable indicator to assess the operational condition and structural reliability of pavements based on visual assessments of distress type, severity, and quantity. We aimed to classify the various types of distress observed on Road No.80 and estimate the pavement condition index. We identified nine out of nineteen distress problems in the pavement section under study through a comprehensive pavement distress condition rating approach. The most prevalent distress types included longitudinal and transverse cracking, rutting, potholes, edge cracking, alligator cracking ,patching and weathering and raveling.
A DATASET FOR THE DIACRITICS IMAGES OF THE HOLY QURAN: TOWARDS A TACTILE-VISION SYSTEM FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED
Authors: H. Aziz Mazin
Published: August 2024

The only way for the Blind and visually impaired persons to read the holy Quran is by using a special paper edition of embossed Braille code. A new approach to reading the Holy Quran text for those persons was proposed by the author. One of the main demands for this approach is the classification of the dots and diacritics, which can be abbreviated as DaDs. This paper outlines the creation of a dataset of images for the DaDs of Al-Mushaf. A handheld scanner was developed for this purpose, and MATLAB programs were employed for DaDs segmentation. The final goal is the design of a tactile vision sensory substitution system based on an optical character recognition technique to help blind individuals read the Holy Quran in an alternative way to Braille codes. Approximately 1750 images were taken from two distinct Al-Mushaf versions with the proposed handheld scanner. Using the suggested techniques and algorithms, 6000 DaDs were retrieved from these images; however, only 4710 images of the DaDs, arranged in 22 classes, were selected after the repeated, incomplete, and non-DaDs were eliminated.  The dataset was organized by DaD class, prepared to be used directly for machine learning purposes, and made available for public use upon request.
ASSESSING THE POSITIONAL ACCURACY OF RAW GNSS DATA FROM ANDROID DEVICES
Authors: Jaafar Hasan Abdulhussein , Mohammed Jareer
Published: August 2024

Smartphone devices have become the focus of attention of scholars dealing with GNSS measurements since May 2016 when Google stated using Android operating system version N that can access GNSS raw data. This opened the research door wide to process this data and analyse different issues in positioning by smartphones. Our study contributes to the assessment of GNSS data accuracy by evaluating various Android Application Programs (APPS) using Samsung Galaxy S9PLUS smartphone. While previous research has explored this topic, our study distinguishes itself through a comprehensive comparison of three APPS and two positioning techniques. By highlighting performance variations and considering multiple constellations, we provide valuable insights for smartphone GNSS users. Three different Apps were utilised: G-RitZ Logger, GnssLogger, and rinex ON. In addition, two GNSS positioning techniques were used for assessment: Post Processing Static (PPS) and Precise Point Positioning (PPP). The results revealed that GnssLogger obtain consistent readings in different scenarios. Therefore, GnssLogger is considered as the best logging GNSS data by smartphones. Moreover, accuracy is also discussed based on different constellations: GPS, GLONASS, and GALILEO. As expected, GPS results are the best compared to other constellations owing to availability and tracking priority for smartphone software. The best results obtained from GnssLogger with PPS technique and GPS system which has given RMS as 0.034 m, 0.171 m, and 0.383 m for E-W, N-S, and U-D axes respectively.
OBJECT DETECTION ALGORITHMS IMPLEMENTATION ON EMBEDDED DEVICES: CHALLENGES AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
Authors: Alaa Ruqaya , Hussein Ehab , Al-libawy Hilal
Published: August 2024

Object detection and image classification are among the most important areas to which scientific research is directed, which are commonly used in various applications based on computer vision. The development of low-cost embedded devices with powerful processing is leading to a trend in their use in computer vision, which provides reduced access time, reliability, and data security. That's why Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) technology appeared, which is field that specifically explores the application of machine learning on highly limited edge devices. Deep learning techniques are increasingly employed in data-intensive and time-sensitive IoT applications. Deploying Deep Neural Network (DNN) models on microcontrollers (MCUs) is challenging due to limited resources such as RAM. Recent advancements in the field of TinyML hold the potential to introduce a novel category of peripheral applications. TinyML enables the development of new applications and services by eliminating the reliance on cloud computing, which consumes power and poses risks to data security and privacy. TinyML currently regarded as a promising artificial intelligence (AI( alternative that specifically targets technologies and applications for devices with very low profiles. In this paper, the most important algorithms used in object detection will be presented, in addition to the challenges in using low-resource embedded systems that support TinyML technology.
On τ−valently starlike and τ−valently close-to-convex of q-operator
Authors: Uzoamaka Azuka Ezeafulukwe
Published: August 2024

In this article, some properties of τ−valently starlike and τ−valently close-toconvex of q−operator are studied.
On certain properties of analytic functions
Authors: Uzoamaka A. Ezeafulukwe
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we extend the work done by Zhi-Gang et al and Owa et al for certain class of analytic functions to another subclass of analytic function. We obtain some properties related to convexity, extreme points and radius of univalency.
Detecting psychological uncertainty using machine learning
Authors: Chinnala Balakrishna  , Rambabu Bommisetti
Published: August 2024

Psychological uncertainty encompassing findings such as anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder poses significant challenges for timely diagnosing and successful treatment. Traditional diagnostic methods often depend on subjective assessments, leading to inconsistencies and potential biases. This research finds the applications of machine learning techniques to identify Psychological uncertainty with greater accuracy and objectivity. It uses a comprehensive dataset of healthcare records, standardized mental health tests, and social media activity to train multiple machine learning models, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests, and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The models were assessed based on their accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The results shows that the Random Forest model had the highest accuracy (87%), with major predictive characteristics including social media sentiment ratings, frequency of healthcare visits, and physiological data such as heart rate variability. These findings indicate that machine learning can considerably improve the detection of psychological ambiguity, providing a reliable alternative to traditional diagnostic methods. The work highlights the potential for incorporating machine learning into mental health diagnostics to enable earlier interventions and individualized treatment programs, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Future research should focus on increasing datasets and using real-time monitoring technology to improve these predictive models.
Plant extract mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles and its application to treatment of cancer
Authors: Asishana Paul Onivefu  , Adewale Philip Adekunle  , Joseph Chibuike Okebugwu  , Paul Gberiye Benibo  , Lucky Ehimen Aibor  , Jumoke Ayodele Raji-Ayoola  , Opeyemi Olaoluwa Latinwo  , Nwamaka Nneka Onyedum  , Ayosunkanmi Damilola Amoo  , David Effiong Ukem
Published: August 2024

Plant extract-mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles is a promising research area with potential applications in various fields including medicine-cancer research, catalysis, and nanoelectronics. Gold nanoparticles have gained serious attention in recent years as a potential cancer treatment due to their unique optical and physical properties. Plant-mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles is a promising method to produce biocompatible and non-toxic gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). This study focuses on the current research on the plant-mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their potential treatment for cancer. It also discussed the latest advancement in nanobot technology. The study will also describe the type of plants used for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles, the mechanisms involved in the synthesis, the advantages of using plant-mediated synthesis, and the disadvantages. Additionally, this study will discuss the efficacy of gold nanoparticles as cancer therapeutics and the instrumentation involved in characterizing the gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs), the opportunities for the use of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) in cancer treatment and future possible research in the use of nanotechnology in the fight against cancer. Overall, plant-mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles holds promise as a safe and effective method for cancer treatment.
Artificial intelligence and active learning methodologies in the training of future general surgeons: A comprehensive review
Authors: Amália Cinthia Meneses do Rêgo  , Irami Araújo-Filho
Published: August 2024

This review explores the merging of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with active learning methods like Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Team-Based Learning (TBL) in the training of future general surgeons. AI technologies, including virtual and augmented reality, offer realistic simulations and interactive environments that can improve surgical training in general surgery residencies. These technologies support PBL and TBL by providing real-time data processing, facilitating problem-solving scenarios, and creating collaborative learning environments that enhance decision-making skills and clinical judgment. AI-powered tools personalize the learning process, adapt to various learner competencies, and optimize educational outcomes. This integration prepares residents with advanced technical skills and cultivates essential soft skills such as teamwork and problem-solving, which are critical in the multidisciplinary nature of surgical care. The implementation of AI in surgical education faces some challenges, such as high initial costs, potential resistance from traditional educators, and ethical concerns regarding data privacy and the dehumanization of education. However, the potential long-term benefits, such as increased efficiency, reduced training costs, and enhanced procedural proficiency, strongly argue for incorporating AI in surgical education. This synthesis promises to significantly reshape how surgical education is delivered, making it more efficient, scalable, and effective in preparing surgeons for the demands of contemporary healthcare environments.
In vitro and In-vivo antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi from Carissa edulis, Microglossa pyrifolia and Steganotaenia araliacea against Cercosporae zeae maydis and Fusarium verticillioides
Authors: Dorah Auma Oula  , Emitaro William  , David Musyimi
Published: August 2024

Understanding antimicrobial capabilities of endophytic fungi against pathogens is crucial for the development of sustainable and eco-friendly strategies for disease management in agriculture. This study explored in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of fungal endophytic extracts from medicinal plants; Carissa edulis, Microglossa pyrifolia and Steganotaenia araliacea against maize fungal pathogens; Cercosporae zeae maydis and Fusarium verticillioides. These pathogens were identified using field identification manual (CIMMYT 2004). Diseased maize plant parts were aseptically collected in polythene bags and used for isolation of pathogens. Endophytic fungi extracts were obtained in ethyl acetate, evaporated and used for antimicrobial tests in food poison method. Plates for in vitro and pots for in vivo experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design. In vitro assays demonstrated that extracts from Microglossa pyrifolia exhibited the highest antimicrobial activities. Extracts from different plant parts, notably leaves and roots of Microglossa pyrifolia and Carissa edulis, respectively, showed significant (P<0.05) inhibition against pathogens. While C. zeae maydis was more susceptible to fungal extracts than F. verticilloides, in vivo experiments confirmed efficacy of fungal extracts in significantly reducing disease incidence in maize plants than in controls. The study emphasizes the agricultural potential of endophytic fungal extracts in offering sustainable strategies for fungal disease management in maize cultivation. This study had limitations on the impact of extract concentrations and environmental factors on antimicrobial activities and hence future studies should focus on these factors to optimize the efficacy of fungal extracts in agricultural applications.
Nebulizer therapy in post-operative atelectasis: A narrative review
Authors: Rajesh Kumar S  , Anna James  , Madhusri M
Published: August 2024

Atelectasis, the collapse of lung tissue, is a significant complication following surgical procedures, particularly in thoracic or abdominal surgeries. Nebulizer therapy has emerged as a potential adjunctive treatment for post-operative atelectasis, aiming to improve lung expansion, mucociliary clearance, and patient outcomes. This narrative review provides a comprehensive analysis of nebulizer therapy in post-operative atelectasis management, covering its mechanisms of action, clinical effectiveness, safety considerations, challenges, and future perspectives. The review highlights the pathophysiology of post-operative atelectasis, emphasizing anesthesia-induced hypoventilation, loss of functional residual capacity, impaired mucociliary clearance, and airway obstruction. It discusses the role of nebulizer therapy in delivering pharmacological agents, such as bronchodilators, mucolytics, and inhaled corticosteroids, directly to the airways to alleviate atelectasis-associated symptoms and promote lung re-expansion. Safety considerations, including the risk of bronchospasm, infection control, drug-related adverse effects, and environmental hazards, are addressed. Furthermore, patient management strategies, challenges, and limitations of nebulizer therapy, comparative analysis of nebulizer types, and special population considerations are explored. Future perspectives focus on personalized therapy, novel drug formulations, smart nebulizer devices, and targeted therapies to optimize atelectasis management. In conclusion, while nebulizer therapy demonstrates efficacy in treating atelectasis, ongoing advancements in technology and therapeutic strategies offer opportunities to overcome challenges and improve treatment outcomes, ultimately enhancing patient care and quality of life.
Anemia profile in Bangladeshi CKD patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sushanta Barua  , Nurul Huda  , Mehdi Hasan  , Nikhil Chandra Roy  , Arifur Rahman  , Shazedur Rahman  , Uzzal Kumar Sikder  , Akteruzzaman  , Rita Rani Barua  , Ansari MA Jalil
Published: August 2024

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health concern worldwide, including Bangladesh. Anemia is a frequent and serious complication of CKD, worsening as the disease progresses. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of anemia according to CKD stage. Objective: To determine the anemia profile in CKD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited 66 CKD patients (stage 1 or above, aged ≥18 years) from the Nephrology unit of Chittagong Medical College Hospital (January 2014-June 2014). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the MDRD equation, and kidney damage was assessed by abdominal ultrasound. Complete blood count, peripheral blood smear, iron status, vitamin B12, and serum folate levels were measured. Results: Almost all CKD patients (97%) were anemic. Anemia severity increased with advanced CKD stages. Normocytic normochromic anemia, likely caused by erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency, was the most common type. Iron deficiency (absolute or functional) was present in a significant portion of patients (33.33%). Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency rarely contributed to anemia in this study Conclusions: This study highlights the high prevalence and severity of anemia in advanced CKD patients at our hospital. Iron deficiency and functional iron deficiency are common, while vitamin B12 and folate deficiency play a minor role. Further research with larger, diverse populations is needed to better understand the complex interplay of factors contributing to anemia in CKD patients in our region.
The Assertiveness of Islamic Communication and Broadcasting Students is Seen from Their Confidence
Authors: Rahmah Ilma Nur Fatihatur , Hakim Zun Azizul
Published: August 2024

Keterampilan melakukan komunikasi efektif merupakan salah satu kompetensi yang harus dimiliki mahasiswa Prodi Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam. Asertifitas merupakan salah satu atribut psikologis yang harus dimiliki untuk dapat melakukan komunikasi yang efektif. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengkaji mengenai keterkaitan kepercayaan diri dengan asertivitas mahasiswa komunikasi Penyiaran Islam. Penelitian ini memakai jenis penelitian kuantitatif korelasi. Kriteria responden penelitian ialah mahasiswa semester 7 Prodi Komunikasi penyiaran islam, serta rentang usia 19-22 tahun dengan jumlah  mahasiswa 105 mahasiswa. Teknik sampling purposif digunakan untuk memilih responden tersebut. Penelitian ini memakai 2 alat ukur yakni skala asertivitas yang terdiri dari 17 aitem, dengan α=0,928, dan skala kepercayaan diri yang terdiri dari 21 aitem, dengan α=0,898. Hubungan antara kepercayaan diri dan asertifitas mahasiswa diuji menggunakan teknik korelasi Product Moment dari Pearson. Analisis pendahuluan dilaksanakan untuk meyakinkan apakah asumsi normalitas, linieritas, dan homoscedasticity terpenuhi. Perolehan hasil uji hipotesis terlihat bahwa terdapat korelasi positif yang signifikan antara kedua variabel, r=0,383, n= 105, p<0.05. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kepercayaan diri mahasiswa, semakin tinggi pula asertifitasnya.
HETERONORMATIVITAS DAN PERKEMBANGAN IDENTITAS SEKSUAL ANAK REMAJA
Authors: Massuhartono Massuhartono
Published: August 2024

This study aims to understand how heteronormativity affects the development of adolescent sexual identity through the school, family, and social media environment. Using a qualitative approach with in-depth interview methods, participatory observation, and documentation analysis, this study explores adolescents' experiences in navigating their sexual identities amid heteronormative social pressures. The results of the study showed that dominant heteronormative norms in schools, conservative attitudes in families, and limited social media representation can cause psychological and emotional distress in adolescents. Support from peers, inclusive teachers, and an accepting online community is an important resource for teens to overcome these challenges. This research emphasizes the importance of creating a more inclusive and supportive environment for adolescents to express their sexual identity authentically. The implications of these findings highlight the need for more inclusive education programs and increased awareness of the diversity of sexual identities among families and communities.
Axiological Study of Christian Teachers As Role Model in Providing Motivation for Students
Authors: Advenita Vannesa El Shaday Ruth , Bermuli Jessica Elfani
Published: August 2024

Extrinsic motivation is an important factor in learning. However, many teachers have not been able to provide proper motivation by giving negative labeling to students. This happens because the teacher does not yet have the proper axiological foundation in viewing students as the image and likeness of God. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the axiological study of the teacher's role as a role model in providing motivation for students. The method used is a literature study. The result of the study showed that the Christian teacher needs to live up to the values in the Bible so that the teacher has the basic values of correct behaviour, namely the Word of God. Teachers must also imitate Christ because He is the perfect role model for humans.
Nur Puspita Sari
Authors: Puspita Sari Nur , Sarie Fatma , Ikhwan Yani M.
Published: August 2024

Limbah masker yang sulit didaur ulang secara alami menjadikan masalah bagi lingkungan. Masker memiliki sifat terluar menolak air, bagian tengah bersifat menahan virus, dan paling dalam bersifat menyerap air. Serat pada umumnya banyak digunakan untuk bahan stabilisasi tanah. Stabilisasi tanah dilakukan apabila tanah tersebut memiliki daya dukung yang buruk. namun sebelum dilakukannya stabilisasi tanah maka perlu adanya analisis tanah asli. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sifat fisik dan karakteristik tanah lunak, menganalisis nilai California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tanah lunak asli, dan menganalisis nilai CBR tanah lunak setelah diberikan bahan tambah masker medis. Tanah yang dianalisis merupakan tanah lunak yang berasal dari salah satu Desa Gambah Luar Muka, Kecamatan Kandangan, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan. Analisis dilakukan pada Laboratorium Mekanika Tanah, Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Palangka Raya untuk pengujian sifat fisik dan sifat mekanik tanah. Berdasarkan Hasil pengujian sifat-sifat fisik tanah asli didapat nilai, kadar air (w) = 37,26%; berat isi tanah (g)= 2,05 g/cm3; berat jenis (Gs) = 2,64; batas cair = 37,44%; Batas plastis = 33,87%; Indeks plastisitas = 3,57% ; batas susut = 7,79%; analisis saringan persentase lolos saringan no. 200 = 58,33%; Menurut sistem klasifikasi USCS tanah tersebut termasuk sebagai tanah ML yaitu tanah lanau tak organik; sedangkan menurut sistem klasifikasi AASHTO tanah diklasifikasikan sebagai tanah berlanau dalam kelompok A-4(2). nilai pemadatan laboratorium, untuk sampel tanah asli didapat OMC = 22,86%, dan gdmax = 1,58 g/cm3 dan untuk nilai CBRrencana tanah asli adalah 2,55%. Pada campuran masker medis 1,5% nilai CBR naik menjadi 3,82% meningkat sebesar 50,20% dari tanah asli, pada campuran masker medis 1,75% nilai CBR naik menjadi 5,56% meningkat sebesar 118,04% dari tanah asli, dan pada campuran masker medis 2% nilai CBR naik menjadi 8,40% meningkat 229,41% dari tanah asli pada masa pemeraman 3 hari.
Evaluasi Sistem Perpipaan Plambing Gedung Asrama Mahasiswa ITS Surabaya
Authors: Agustina Nuria , Nurul Jannah Asid  , Rizki Astri A
Published: August 2024

Asrama Mahasiswa ITS Surabaya menggunakan layanan air bersih PDAM dan juga dilengkapi dengan instalasi pemadam kebakaran yang sistem jaringan distribusinya menggunakan air bersih. Seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan siswa, maka kebutuhannya akan air bersih juga akan meningkat. Dan oleh karena itu, gedung ini sering mengalami kendala pendistribusian air bersih pada jam-jam puncak penggunaan akibat penggunaan secara bersamaan, terjadi penurunan debit tiap unit peralatan perpipaan akibat pemasangan sistem distribusi air bersih yang tidak merata. Oleh karena itu, sistem distribusi pada pipa memerlukan penanganan khusus yang seringkali mengalami permasalahan baik dari segi kuantitas, tekanan dan kontinuitas air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis besarnya kehilangan energi pada jaringan pipa plambing di Gedung Asrama ITS Surabaya, dan juga untuk menganalisis penyebab pipa tertutup mengalami kehilangan energi. Pada titik mana kehilangan energi paling tinggi, begitu pula sisa energi pada simpul pipa terakhir. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan menganalisis kondisi jaringan pipa eksisting pada instalasi air bersih dan instalasi pemadam kebakaran ditinjau dari dimensi pipa, panjang pipa dan elevasi reservoir yang selanjutnya akan dilakukan running test dengan program untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kehilangan energi yang terjadi pada jaringan pipa plambing dibantu dengan program simulasi menggunakan Epanet 2.2. Dari hasil penelitian ini terdapat beberapa kesimpulan bahwa hasil analisa jaringan pipa Air Bersih Gedung Asrama Mahasiswa ITS Surabaya untuk instalasi air bersih mempunyai kecepatan (Velocity) tertinggi sebesar 0,2 m/s pada pipa 15 pada Lantai 1, dan pipa sprinkler mempunyai kecepatan (Velocity).tertinggi 0,08 m/s pada pipa 01 Lantai 2. Masih banyak pipa yang kecepatannya kurang dari 0,1 m/s yang berarti kecepatan pipa pada jaringan tersebut belum memenuhi kriteria desain. Dan untuk tekanan jaringan pipa air bersih dan sprinkler pada seluruh titik node dengan nilai ≥0,5 bar (sesuai standar perencanaan). Berdasarkan hasil running unit headloss, jaringan pipa air bersih dan sprinkler mempunyai nilai <10 m/Km (sesuai standar perencanaan) dan tidak ada pipa yang mengalami tekanan negatif atau pressure drop.
Studi Akurasi Sensor ECG AD8232 Terhadap ECG Simulator
Authors: Royan Royan
Published: August 2024

Penyakit jantung masih menjadi penyebab kematian terbesar di dunia. Berdasarkan informasi data WHO (World Health Organization). Pemeriksaan jantung perlu dilakukan. Jantung adalah organ penting yang bisa mempengaruhi kinerja dari organ lainnya. Sensor  ECG AD8232 merupakan sensor yang murah dan banyak digunakan pada monitoring kesehatan jantung. Selain harganya yang murah Sensor  ECG AD8232 juga mampu menyaring, mengekstrak, dan memperkuat sinyal biopotensial tubuh. Tujuan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja Sensor  ECG AD8232. Parameter HR (heart rate) dibandingkan dengan ECG simulator model ECP1202.  Pengujian Sensor  ECG AD8232 dilakukan dengan metode repeatabilty sebanyak 3 kali pada variasi HR 30, 60, 120, 180, 240. Manfaat dari penelitina ini adalah mengetahui tingkat akurasi Sensor  ECG AD8232 sebagai sensor dan monitoring kesehatan jantung pada parameter HR
Intercalation of saponite from solutions of electrolytes differing in the nature of the cation
Authors: Danilov V. E. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Ayzenstadt A. M. , Drozdiuk T. A. , Frolova M. A. , Garamov G. A. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov
Published: August 2024

The results of the study of the physicochemical properties of the modified saponite isolated from the recycled water of the enrichment plant of JSC Severalmaz showed that the process of intercalation of cations of different nature into its structure changes the electrical conductivity of the samples, which makes it possible to control the residual moisture content of the material. In addition, changing the nature of the cations introduced into the interpacket distance of the saponite makes it possible to minimize the firing shrinkage of the raw saponite in the manufacture of ceramic products. Singly charged (NH4+, Na+), doubly charged (Mg2+, Ca2+), and triply charged (Fe3+) ions were used as intercalated cations. It has been established that the electrical resistance for all the studied samples increases according to a power function as moisture is removed, and the shrinkage of the saponite-containing raw material, depending on the introduced cation, can be reduced by 30 – 40 %.
Effect of operation duration on characteristics of polyethylene pipes
Authors: Elagina O. Y. ,   National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”, Buryakin A. V. , Poches N. S. ,   National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”,   National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”
Published: August 2024

The paper presents an experimental assessment of the decrease in the actual physical and mechanical characteristics of HDPE pipes, depending on the term and conditions of their operation. To assess the impact of operational impacts on the characteristics of pipes, the following types of mechanical and physical properties were determined: elongation and tensile strength, thermal stability (induction period of oxidation of the IPO material), the degree of crystallinity. It was found that after long-term operation of HDPE pipes, compared with the initial normative values, the indicators of relative elongation and the induction period of oxidation change most significantly. At the same time, changes in the relative elongation and IPO indicators have a similar character in terms of loss of properties, which indicates the presence of a relationship. Based on the performed studies, it is concluded that the most sensitive indicators by which the service life of HDPE pipes can be predicted are the elongation at break and the induction oxidation period. Based on the data obtained, it seems promising to control the value of IPO when determining the technical condition of polyethylene pipes. The calculated forecast of the duration of operation of polyethylene pipes after they reach the limit state is made.
Study of the electric pulse processing effect on cured thermosetting synthetic resins
Authors: Erenkov O. Yu. ,   Pacific National University, Isaev S. P. , Yavorskiy D. O. ,   Pacific National University,   Pacific National University
Published: August 2024

A promising method for intensifying technological processes is the electric pulse processing of materials and their components with nanosecond electromagnetic pulses (NEMP). The physical and mechanical characteristics of cured synthetic thermosetting resins have been studied: water absorption, energy of the surface layer (surface tension), tensile strength. The research results confirmed the effectiveness of electric pulse processing of cured polymer binders with nanosecond electromagnetic pulses to increase strength and reduce moisture absorption of materials. A rational mode of irradiation of cured resins with nanosecond electromagnetic pulses has been established: pulse repetition rate — 1000 Hz, pulse amplitude — 15 kV, irradiation duration — 10 min. When implementing this NEMI irradiation mode, an increase in the tensile strength of samples is ensured (for epoxy resin — by 12.8 %, for vinyl ester resin — by 18.6 %, for polyester resin — by 21.1 %) and a decrease in water absorption of samples (for epoxy resin — by 25.6 %, for vinyl ester resin — by 21.6 %, for polyester resin — by 16.4 %).
Un pie en la calle y otro en prisión
Authors: Martí Barrachina Marta
Published: August 2024

El presente artículo analiza la experiencia del cumplimiento de la pena de prisión en prisiones abiertas, donde se tiene un régimen de semilibertad. Para ello se realizaron entrevistas a 18 personas presas en tres centros abiertos de Cataluña. En línea con la literatura comparada, los hallazgos sugieren que el cumplimiento en semilibertad tiene capacidad para suavizar la experiencia del encarcelamiento, aunque, al mismo tiempo, sigue infligiendo en los presos una serie de penalidades, las cuales se agrupan en cinco categorías: las derivadas de la obligación de regresar por la noche, las derivadas de la obligación de tener un trabajo, la mayor responsabilidad que se exige a los presos en semilibertad, la intromisión de la supervisión en la esfera personal y el miedo a la regresión. Se concluye que el cumplimiento en las prisiones abiertas se suele experimentar de forma ambivalente o agridulce, si bien es posible identificar personas con discursos predominantemente positivos y otras con discursos predominantemente negativos. Por último, se defiende la necesidad de comprender la experiencia de las personas en prisiones abiertas más allá de la perspectiva de la reinserción y se exponen una serie de implicaciones a nivel académico y práctico.
La prueba en los procesos de responsabilidad civil por daños causados por sistemas de inteligencia artificial
Authors: Ormazabal Sánchez Guillermo
Published: August 2024

La prueba en los procesos de reclamación de daños causados por la inteligencia artificial puede deparar a los perjudicados dificultades casi insuperables. Consciente de ello, el legislador europeo ha elaborado un conjunto de disposiciones dirigidas a facilitar a los perjudicados el levantamiento de la carga de la prueba. Dichas facilitaciones incluyen el establecimiento de presunciones y el rebajamiento del estándar de prueba. Además, el legislador europeo ha introducido diversos mecanismos de obtención de prueba para paliar el déficit que sobre esta clase de instrumentos padecen la mayoría de ordenamientos nacionales de la Unión Europea. El trabajo analiza dichas facilitaciones probatorias y mecanismos de obtención de prueba criticando sus deficiencias y resaltando sus beneficios respecto de la litigación en materia de IA.
APAC como saída
Authors: Martino Natália , Duarte (In Memorian) Thais
Published: August 2024

Com base na vertente teórica do novo institucionalismo, discutimos os mitos que conformam o sistema penal e, a partir disso, como estes foram mobilizados para configurar certas políticas penais de Minas Gerais, debatidas no âmbito do legislativo por parlamentares e pela sociedade civil. Utilizando uma abordagem original no campo prisional, analisamos as pautas e as atas de 115 audiências públicas da Comissão de Segurança Pública e da Comissão de Direitos Humanos da Assembleia Legislativa mineira, realizadas entre 1995 e 2018, cujos temas versaram sobre prisões. Desse modo, procuramos compreender as formas pelas quais os embates – e os consensos – entre distintos atores ajudaram a estruturar discussões sobre pena, consolidando uma “solução” que atualmente se espalha por todo o Brasil, a Associação de Proteção e Assistência aos Condenados (APAC). Concluímos que o modelo APAC foi fortalecido pela defesa consistente ao longo dos anos feita por diferentes atores, o que não se verificou em outras propostas, como as relacionadas às alternativas penais. Nesse período, as resistências à APAC foram arrefecidas na medida em que se convencionou apontar o modelo como eficaz quando direcionado a determinados grupos de criminosos, em especial, os considerados “não violentos”.