bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consecuencias de la sequía en la vida de los residentes del noreste rural de Brasil
Authors: De Sousa Camurça Carla Evelline , Braga Alencar Alana , Camurça Cidade Elívia , Morais Ximenes Verônica
Published: June 2019

La sequía es un fenómeno natural y físico que se da con cierta regularidad en el nordeste de Brasil. La visión reduccionista de esta problemática, asociada con la falta de agua, facilita la naturalización de sus efectos sociales. El artículo tiene como objetivo discutir las implicaciones psicosociales de la sequía en la vida de los habitantes de una comunidad rural del nordeste de Brasil. La metodología fue cuantitativa, con la aplicación de un cuestionario con 207 sujetos, habitantes de la comunidad de Canafístula, municipio del estado de Ceará. Se obtuvo que el 87.9% de los participantes había pasado por alguna sequía, lo que impactó en la falta de agua para el consumo humano y animal, así como en las pérdidas en la producción. La inseguridad respecto al futuro, sentimientos de desánimo y tristeza, fatalismo y desesperanza aprehendida se analizaron como implicaciones psicosociales de la sequía. Se destaca la importancia de la desnaturalización de este fenómeno y del análisis de sus impactos objetivos y subjetivos en la vida de las comunidades rurales
Cuando las mujeres acceden al poder. Discriminaciones y resistencias en las comunidades marineras
Authors: Martínez-García Patricia
Published: June 2019

Las trabajadoras del mar y, en concreto, las mariscadoras a pie, se han convertido en un agente fundamental en el impulso de cambios en las comunidades pesqueras. Desde su profesionalización en Galicia en los años 90, se han sucedido transformaciones en su posición económica, política y social. Desde la marginación y la falta de reconocimiento se han consolidado como referentes de nuevas formas de organización y dinamización de sus comunidades. De manera que el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las experiencias de participación de las mariscadoras a pie en las organizaciones pesqueras. A través de una metodología cualitativa, sustentada en el análisis documental y en la realización de entrevistas en profundidad, se atiende a las discriminaciones que han vivido y a las estrategias que han desarrollado para sobrevivir, muchas veces, en un entorno hostil.
Colchicine did not affect the viability of induced 2n pollen in Populus tomentosa
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Qing , Wu Jian , Zhang Pingdong
Published: June 2019

Colchicine is widely used as a mutagen to induce production of diploid gametes in plants. However, whether colchicine affects induced pollen viability remains unclear. To clarify whether colchicine affected the viability of induced pollen, we induced production of diploid pollen by colchicine, followed by pollen germination and crossing induced pollen with normal gametes to produce triploid in CarriÃ¨re. The results showed that the predominant meiotic stages and the number of colchicine injections had significant effects on the occurrence rates of induced 2n pollen. When the colchicine injection was given at diakinesis, a significant decrease in the pollen production per bud was observed (â<â0.001). The morphology of the colchicine-induced 2n pollen was similar to that of the natural 2n pollen in its ectexine structure. The pollen germination experiments revealed that there was also no significant difference in germination rates between the induced diploid pollen and natural 2n pollen grains, and 68 triploids were created by crossing colchicine-induced pollen. Our findings revealed that colchicine injection could induce to produce 2n pollen and will not lead to dysfunction of induced diploid pollen.in vitroPopulus tomentosapP. tomentosa
A contribuição do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB) para a escrita da história no Boletim do Instituto Histórico e Geographico Paranaense (IHGP) no início do século XX
Authors: Megi Monique Maria Dias
Published: June 2019

Este estudo permite entender a influência e os desdobramentos da produção do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB) para a escrita da história de outras instituições congêneres, a exemplo da que foi publicada no Boletim do Instituto Histórico e Geographico Paranaense (IHGP) entre 1918 e 1925. A pesquisa aponta as contribuições dos membros do IHGP em outras instituições similares, como o IHGB de onde foi possível constatar a escrita da história por eles produzida, além de indicar o alcance e a pertinência de suas produções para a história da historiografia brasileira em princípios do século XX.
Possible timing for anticoagulation therapy initiation in ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation: further analysis of the hemorrhagic transformation index
Authors: Kalinin M. N. , Khasanova D. R. , Ibatullin M. M.
Published: June 2019

Objective: to assess the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT), by taking into account an appropriate scale (the hemorrhagic transformation index (HTI)) to clarify the possible timing of anticoagulant therapy (AT) initiation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic stroke (IS) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) bed.

Patients and methods. The admission data of 304 consecutively selected patients (111 men and 193 women aged 32 to 94 years (mean age, 72.7 years) with any form of AF and IS in the MCA basin were analyzed. The end point of the study was any HT according to brain computed tomography findings in the first 2 weeks after the development of IS. The HTI scores were divided into categories based on their predicted HT probabilities, thus yielding four models. Their comparison with the standard (the Diener rule) and the choice of the most appropriate model were done using the binary logistic regression and appropriate analysis (receiver operating characteristic, ROC). The final HTI model and the Diener rule were further used in the Royston–Parmar survival analysis to predict the risk of HT by days after the onset of IS. This was used to plot hazard function and survival, as well as the number of patients to be treated (number needed to treat, NNT) and the number of patients who can be harmed (number needed to harm, NNH). Possible periods for AT initiation were determined by the NNT and NNH plots.

Results and discussion. All the HTI models under study were superior to the Diener's rule in the accuracy of HT prediction. However, the HTI model with 0–1, 2–3, 4–5, 6–8 score arrangements was found to be the best one, as shown by the results of tests; it could additionally identify patients at very high (>0.8) risk for HT and somewhat better differentiate patients at low (0.05–0.1) risk. A survival analysis showed that the hazard function peaked on 1 and 3 days after the onset of IS. There was a progressive NNT drop in patients with a HTI score of 0–1 on 1 to 3 days; their curves reached a plateau on day 4. In patients with a HTI score of 2–3, NNT declined on days 1 to 4, with a plateau on day 5. In those with a HTI score of 4–5, NNH was minimal within the first 3 days following the onset of IS, and then there was a significant NNH rise until the end of the second week. In patients with a HTI score of 6–8, NNH remained very low throughout the follow-up period with a significant increase on days 4 to 9, with a subsequent exit to the plateau.

Conclusion. The greatest risk of HT is observed on 1 and 3 days after the onset of IS. AT is recommended to patients with a HTI score of 0–1 on day 4 after the onset of IS, to those with a HTI score of 2–3 on day 5, and to those with a HTI score of 4–5 following 2 weeks. AT may be initiated in patients at very high risk for HT (a HTI score of 6–8) on 9 days, provided that HT is absent.
Comparative study of pharmacological correction strategies for moderate cognitive impairment in hypertensive patients
Authors: Vorobyeva O. V. , Sizova Zh. M. , Bogatyreva L. M.
Published: June 2019

Objective: to investigate the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) and possibilities of its pharmacological correction in hypertensive patients, by comparatively evaluating the efficiency of different treatment options: antihypertensive therapy and its combinations with vasoactive drugs and the dopamine receptor agonist piribedil.

Patients and methods. At the first stage of the investigation, the prevalence of CI was assessed in a continuous sample of hypertensive patients (n=350). The second stage included a naturalistic comparative study of the efficiency of various therapeutic strategies for moderate CI (MCI) in patients with Stage 1–2 hypertension (n=91). This investigation lasted 48 weeks and consisted of a 24-week treatment period and a 24-weeks follow-up period.

Results and discussion. CI was diagnosed in 83.4% of patients in the continuous sample, while it reached the level of dementia in 16.9%. Therapy aimed at achieving and maintaining blood pressure (BP) targets did not lead to the regression of MCI. However, BP correction in combination with a 24-week piribedil therapy cycle was optimal in patients with CI. By the end of treatment, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCa) scores increased from 24.5Ѓ}0.8 to 27.5Ѓ}0.6 (p<0.05) and from 24.9Ѓ}0.7 to 27.1Ѓ}0.8 (p<0.05) in the groups of patients randomized to supplemental piribedil alone or in combination with nootropic and/or vascular drugs, respectively. There were no intergroup differences in the groups of patients randomized to supplemental piribedil. The time course of cognitive changes in the further follow-up period showed a longterm positive effect of piribedil on cognitive function.

Conclusion. It is necessary to regularly screen for cognitive dysfunction in hypertensive patients. The most effective treatment in combination with a long-term piribedil therapy cycle for hypertension-associated MCI was to promote the achievement and retention of blood pressure targets.
Effciency of a rehabilitation training method by means of special infant formulas in patients with ischemic stroke and neurogenic dysphagia as part of combined therapy
Authors: Ershov V. I. , Belkin A. A. , Karpets A. V. , Zdvizhkova S. V. , Gonchar-Zaikin A. P. , Gumalatova N. V.
Published: June 2019

Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of a training method using special infant formulas as part of combined rehabilitation for patients with ischemic stroke and neurogenic dysphagia.

Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 55 patients (30 men and 25 women) aged 45–80 years with dysphagia during the acute period of ischemic stroke. Thirty patients used special astringent formulas as part of combined therapy and 25 patients did not. The investigators studied the time of course of changes in the restoration of swallowing function, by using the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) and the Fiberoptic Endoscopic Dysphagia Severity Scale (FEDSS), as well as the transition from probe feeding to independent one.

Results and discussion. The best restoration of swallowing function was shown to be achieved through training using formulas with different astringency. Stronger astringent formulas, like solid foods, stimulate better the pharyngeal receptor apparatus; the most active restoration of a dynamic swallowing stereotype occurs. The gradual transition to a milder astringent formula allows restoration of the skill to swallow thinner liquid foods. It takes 10 days to achieve a significant clinical effect in most patients, mainly in those with pseudobulbar disorders. Training may be prolonged to 2 weeks or more in severe cases, in bulbar dysfunctions.

Conclusion. The training rehabilitation method using special infant formulas in combination with electrical stimulation in patients with ischemic stroke and neurogenic dysphagia allows achieving the significantly better indicators of restoration of swallowing function in accordance with the PAS scale. The application of the method contributes to the significantly better transition from probe feeding to independent one.
Emotional stress-induced transient global amnesia with bilateral hippocampal ischemic lesion
Authors: Perkovic R. , Buljan K. , Vladetic M. , Katic F. , Misevic S. , Butkovic Soldo S.
Published: June 2019

The paper describes a clinical case of transient global amnesia (TGA) in a male patient who has experienced prolonged stress at work and at home. The middle-aged man was admitted to hospital disoriented, constantly repeating the same questions. The patient did not remember what had happened that morning before his admission to the hospital. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral punctate hippocampal DWI hyperintensity. The patient has not been observed to have risk factors for cerebrovascular events. Neuropsychological examination has shown that the patient does not have adequate strategies to cope with the sequels of long-term intense stress accompanied with emotion suppression. The described case confirms that psychological instability may be one of the precipitating factors for TGA.
Pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatments of depression in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Milyukhina I. V.
Published: June 2019

Depression is the most common non-motor manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD), which significantly affects the rate of disease progression and increases the risk of motor complications and dementia. The paper considers the etiology and pathogenesis, cause-and-effect factors of depression in PD, and features of its diagnosis and treatment. Attention is paid to the algorithm for a physician's actions in the detection of depressive disorder in a patient with PD, to the choice of an antidepressant, and to the promising areas of therapy.
Designing Flipped-Classes to be Taught with Limited Resources: Impact on Students’ Attitudes and Learning
Authors: Stover Sheri , Houston M. A.
Published: June 2019

Flipped-classes in higher education are becoming increasingly widespread due to the appeal of replacing passive lectures with active-learning communities of inquiry. This mixed methods research study follows the efforts of a professor who had limited resources as she incorporated the flipped-class design in her introductory accounting class. Class designs (lecture vs flipped-class) were compared using the community of inquiry survey, satisfaction survey, opened-ended comments, and students’ final exam scores. The study found the flipped-class design had a significant impact on students’ attitudes with higher levels of community of inquiry (CoI) (p = .002), teaching presence (TP) (p = .002), social presence (SP) (p = .002), and improved satisfaction levels (SAT) (p = .003). Open-ended comments resulted in more positive comments in the flipped class design compared to the traditional lecture format (90% vs 37%). The higher levels of CoI predicted students’ SAT score (65.4%). The study found no significant changes in students’ learning as measured by their final exam or perceptions of cognitive presence (CP).
Career Exploration at an Appalachian University: Effectiveness and Pre-Existing Resources
Authors: Logue Christen Tomlinson , Zins, M.A. Brittany M. , FLynn Sarah M. , Dewhurst, M.Ed. Chris J.
Published: June 2019

Many universities offer career exploration courses designed to assist students in making effective career choices; however, it remains unclear whether pre-existing resources have a significant influence on students’ ability to benefit. The purpose of this study was (a) to measure the efficacy of a career exploration course at an Appalachian institution in improving college and career decision self-efficacy and (b) to determine if the following pre-existing resources, academic readiness, academic achievement, and familial financial resources, were significant predictors of post-test college and career decision self-efficacy scores. Participants were 127 traditionally-aged, undergraduate students at a private, Appalachian university enrolled in a 15-week career exploration course. Paired samples t-tests revealed a significant positive change from pre to post-test for college and career decision self-efficacy; however, hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed no significant influence of the pre-existing resources on post-test scores for either construct.
Improving Critical Reading with E-Texts: A Controlled Study in a Collegiate Philosophy Course
Authors: Jensen Mark , Scharff Lauren
Published: June 2019

This project investigated the impact of incorporating e-reader texts and annotation tools in an upper level philosophy course. This project adds to the body of literature that assesses gains/losses in conventional measures of performance (e.g., scores on graded assignments) and changes in student attitudes as reported in questionnaires. However, this project was unique in that it focused on training students to use e-reader tools for critical reading practices and it included assessment of student annotations and their relationship with the performance measures. We tested the hypothesis that, with intentional training and a course-design that provided multiple opportunities for practice and feedback, students using e-readers for critical engagement with their reading assignments would demonstrate (a) deeper understanding of the content of the texts, (b) improvement in their use of critical reading practices, and (c) improvement in their attitudes toward the use of e-readers for academic work. While we did not observe significant gains in graded assignments compared with control groups using printed texts, we found no evidence of losses for students using e-readers. At the same time, we found evidence of improvement in students’ critical reading practices, especially when paired with modeling and practice throughout the term. We also observed significant positive changes in student attitudes toward the use of e-readers for academic work, compared with controls. Our findings suggest that achieving the benefits of e-readers for the development of critical reading skills requires a course with design elements that are specifically tailored to this purpose.
“Christian Charity”, A Sacred American Text
Authors: McGann Jerome
Published: June 2019

The ideological status of “A Modell of Christian Charity” as a foundational American document began in 1838 when its existence was first made public. For the subsequent 150 years its character and in particular its authorship was a settled matter.  But some 25 years ago Hugh Dawson began to raise questions about the work when he undertook an examination of the original document, a focus that previous scholars had neglected.  It turns out that more searching documentary inquiries expose a whole set of anomalous features of the MS itself as well as its historical transmission. Because the status of this famous work is now quite unsettled, its case highlights why archival and philological method are the source and end and test of interpretation.
OUTCOMES OF INTERBODY FUSIONAND ARTHROPLASTY FOR CERVICAL SPINE DEGENERATIVE DISEASE
Authors: Glukhikh Dmitry Leonidovich
Published: June 2019

Objective.To compare the results of interbody fusion and arthroplasty in patients with cervical spine degenerative disease.

Material and Methods.Thirty-seven Bryan cervical discs prosthesis were implanted in 31 patients after discectomy (Group 1). Interbody fusion was performed in 47 patients (Group 2). Comprehensive survey of all patients was performed preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months after surgery. A visual analogue scale (VAS), the scale of disability assessment, radiography, MSCT, and MRI were used.

Results.VAS assessment showed that in patients from Group 1 the pain relieved in the arm by 62.37 %, in the neck – by 38.75 %, and in Group 2 in the arm – by 38.75 % and in the neck – by 35.59 %. Quality of life improved by 53.18 % in Group 1 and by 30.34 % in Group 2. Adjacent segment degeneration within 24 months after surgery was observed in 5.30 % of patients from Group 1 and in 55.00 % of patients from Group 2. There were no subsidence and displacement of prostheses in the Bryan Group. In the Group of interbody fusion 35.00 % of patients showed subsidence and nonunion between implants and vertebrae of the operated segment.

Conclusion.Arthroplasty provided better clinical and radiographic results in early and long-term postoperative periods.
KEBIJAKAN FORMULASI KETENTUAN PIDANA DALAM DELIK KESUSILAAN (PERZINAHAN) YANG BERBASIS NILAI KEADILAN RELIGIUS
Authors: Nurahman Adiansyah , Soponyono Eko
Published: June 2019

Sila pertama menunjukan bahwa Indonesia adalah negara yang mengakui adanya Tuhan, oleh sebab itu, sebagai negara yang religius, maka aturan ketentuan pidana tidak boleh bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai agama dan hukum yang hidup di masyarakat. Penelitian ini membahas ketentuan pidana dalam delik kesusilaan (perzinahan) yang berlaku saat ini telah berbasis nilai keadilan religius dan kebijakan formulasi ketentuan pidana yang berkeadilan religius. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan analisa kualitatif,. Hasil penelitian bahwa ketentuan pidana dalam delik kesusilaan yang berlaku saat ini belum berlandaskan nilai keadilan religius. Kebijakan formulasi ketentuan pidana yang berkeadilan religius dalam delik perzinahan dilakukan dengan mempeluas makna zina yang ada dalam ketentuan pidana dengan merujuk pada kitab suci (Al-Quran).
KEBIJAKAN FORMULASI TENTANG PERUMUSAN TINDAK PIDANA PENCEMARAN NAMA BAIK DALAM PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Alviolita Fifink Praiseda , Arief Barda Nawawi
Published: June 2019

Tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik adalah tindak pidana yang menyerang kehormatan atau nama baik seseorang. Namun beberapa kasus di Indonesia terkait pemberian kritik dan komentar berujung pada pemidanaan seseorang. Dinamika pembaharuan pengaturan rumusan tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik dii luar KUHP yaitu UU ITE belum mampu mengakomodir permasalahan tersebut karena tidak adanya pembatasan dan pengaturan yang jelas, sehingga dalam penerapan pasal tersebut menimbulkan pasal yang multitafsir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebijakan formulasi dalam penanggulangan tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik saat ini dan yang akan datang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan kajian komparatif dengan beberapa Negara yang telah membuat perumusan pengaturan secara tegas dan rincii mengenai perbuatan yang dapat dipidana beserta alasan pembenar tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik maka dibutuhkan suatu kebijakan formulasi dalam hukum pidana untuk memberikan kepastian dan keadilan bagii perlindungan hak kebebasan berekspresi dan berpendapat masyarakat di masa yang akan datang sebagai wujud dari pembaharuan hukum pidana.
Emission Level of PM2.5 and its Association With Chronic Respiratory Symptoms Among Workers in Cement Industry: A Case of Mugher Cement Industry, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Mekasha Mahlet , Haddis Alemayehu , Shaweno Tamrat , Mereta Seid Tiku
Published: June 2019

In Ethiopia, occupation-related respiratory symptoms are extensively increasing with the expansion of cement manufacturing industries. However, little information is available on the extent of emissions and its association with chronic respiratory diseases. This study assessed the emission level of PM2.5 and its association with chronic respiratory symptoms among workers in Mugher Cement Factory, in 2018. A cross sectional study was employed on a total of 309 cement factory workers. Air check sampler, model 224-54, was used to measure the concentration of PM2.5. Variables with P value < 0.2 during bivariate analysis were selected as candidate for multiple logistic regressions. Significance level was set at P value <0.05. A total of 309 workers participated in the study with an overall response rate of 97%. The mean age of the respondents was 32.02 years (±4.7 SD). Emission levels of all PM2.5 samples were above the allowed standard. Among the workers, 50.8% had chronic respiratory symptoms and factors associated were: working in raw material receiving unit (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]= 7.5, 95% CI, 2.9, 19.4), cement milling unit (AOR = 2.4, 95 % CI ,1.2, 4.8), packing unit (AOR= 2.2, 95% CI= 1.1, 4.3), workers’ monthly income level below 3000 ETB (AOR; 5.8, 95% CI,1.9, 17.6), and workers’ regular medical checkup (AOR = 2.4, 95 % CI, 1.0, 5.2). The concentration level of PM2.5 and prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms were high in the study area. Use of personal protective devices and periodic monitoring of installed pollution control devices is highly recommended.
Sewage Generation and Treatment Status for the Capital City of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Gautam Rajneesh K. , Verma Saumya , Islamuddin  , More Nandkishor
Published: June 2019

The piped water supply in Lucknow was introduced in 1892 to serve the population of 2 Lacs. However, the population has risen exponentially since then from 2.1 million in 2001 to 2.86 million in 2011 according to the census data of the Government of India. In this paper, statistical analysis was done and it was projected that the population of Lucknow will be as high as 4.2 million in 2025 followed by 6.42 million in 2040. Since the water demand is proportional to the population, it is projected that present water demand of 550 million liters per day (MLD) would rise to the maximum of 1300 MLD in the year 2040 which is twice more than the present volume. The major concern of Lucknow city is the poor efficiency of wastewater treatment facilities which are deteriorating the quality of underground water and surface sources. The major concern lies in Gomti River. The wastewater generation in 2025 would be as high as 700 MLD while for the year 2040 it would be 1100 MLD. To meet the given figures a well-planned and effective wastewater treatment system has to be designed and implemented which may include centralized and decentralized treatment facilities in accordance with the need of the particular division followed by up-gradation of the present water supply and sewerage system. Care should be taken while discharging the sewage into river Gomti and other natural streams as it should strictly follow the prescribed standards by central state pollution control boards, also there should be the least disturbance of aquatic ecosystem. Furthermore, deterioration of the water quality must be minimized to a large extent.
Statistical Optimization and Modeling of Methylene Blue Adsorption Onto Graphene Oxide in Batch and Fixed-Bed Column
Authors: Koolivand Habib , Shahbazi Afsaneh
Published: June 2019

The batch and fixed-bed column adsorption of methylene blue (MB), a widely used toxic dye, onto graphene oxide (GO) was investigated in this study. GO was synthesized using modified Hummers method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize batch and fixed-bed column adsorption of MB. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out by central composite design (CCD) with three input parameters including initial MB concentration (C0: 50-350 mg/L), GO dosage (D: 0.05-0.7 g/L), and pH (pH: 3-9). The adsorption capacity of GO for MB removal in the optimum level of factors (C0: 50 mg/L, D: 0.05 g/L, and pH: 8.5) was predicted by the model to be 700 mg/g. Adsorption kinetic data were tested using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle diffusion models. The kinetic experimental data was well fitted with pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2=1). The adsorption of MB onto GO demonstrated that Langmuir model (R2=0.999) could better fit the adsorption data than the Freundlich model (R2=0.914). Thermodynamic parameters including enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and entropy (ΔS) were also investigated. Positive value of ΔH and negative value of ΔG indicated the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption. The positive value of ΔS also showed increased randomness at the solid/liquid interface during the adsorption of MB onto GO. The real wastewater experiment at optimum conditions showed high performance of adsorbent in the presence of other ions. Fixed-bed column experiments were designed using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) to investigate the single and combined effects of influent concentration (Cinf: 50-200 mg/L), flow rate (Q: 0.25-0.8 mL/min), and bed height (BH: 3-7 cm). MB removal from GO in the optimum levels of factors (Cinf: 51 mg/L, BH: 5.7 cm, and Q: 0.25 mL/min) was predicted by the model to be 86% (qe=459.3 mg/g). Fixed-bed experimental data were also fitted well to the Thomas and BDST models. The results showed that GO can be used as an efficient adsorbent for batch and fixed-bed adsorption of cationic dyes from synthetic and real wastewater.
Prediction and Diagnosis of Diabetes by Using Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Mirzajani Seyede Somayeh , salimi siamak
Published: June 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common diseases in the world. Complications of this disease include nephropathy, cardiac arrest, blindness, and even mutilation of the body. The accurate diagnosis of this condition is very important. Objectives: This study was to identify and provide a model for diagnosis of DM using data mining. Methods: The data used in this study were obtained from 768 women aged 21-83 year old. Nine variables were selected for investigation. The neural network, Basin network, C5.0, and support vector machine models were compared for predicting diabetes and their precision to this end. Clementine 12 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The proposed method for classification of records with the C5.0 algorithm for accuracy data is 80.2% and for accuracy data 87.5%. In comparison with similar studies, it was better to diagnose people with diabetes, while glucose, body mass index and age variables were important in this study. Conclusion: The C5.0 algorithm showed the highest value of accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity compared with other methods studied. Therefore, the C5.0 algorithm probably performs the best classification among other algorithms and is recommended as the best method for diabetes prediction using available data.
Aptamedicine: a new treatment modality in personalized cancer therapy
Authors: Vandghanooni Somayeh , Eskandani Morteza , Barar Jaleh , Omidi Yadollah
Published: June 2019

Aptamers (Aps) are short single-strand nucleic acids exhibiting unique 3D structure which facilitate their targeting potential against various cancer molecular markers (CMMs). Such features of Aps not only make them as suitable homing agents in targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) but also candidate them as macromolecules that inhibit the interaction of the target ligand with other proteins. On the other hand, the conjugation of Aps with another therapeutic molecule such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), siRNAs/miRNAs, Aps, toxins, chemotherapeutic agents, DNAzymes/Ribozymes provides hopeful strategy to eradicate the malignancies and overcome the off-target unwanted side effects. Such prominent features of Aps make them a promising treatment modality to overcome the tumor complexity and heterogeneity, which can be consequently applied for personalized therapy of cancer by using bispecific Ap-based therapeutics.
Weather fluctuations: predictive factors in the prevalence of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Sharif Nia Hamid , Chan Yiong Huak , Froelicher Erika Sivarajan , Pahlevan Sharif Saeed , Yaghoobzadeh Ameneh , Jafari Azar , Goudarzian Amir Hossein , Pourkia Roghiyeh , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Arefinia Farhad , Nazari Roghieh
Published: June 2019

Background: Meteorological parameters and seasonal changes can play an important role in the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, there is almost no evidence on a national level to suggest the associations between these variables and ACS in Iran. We aim to identify the meteorological parameters and seasonal changes in relationship to ACS. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between 03/19/2015 to 03/18/2016 and used documents and records of patients with ACS in Mazandaran ProvinceHeart Center, Iran. The following definitive diagnostic criteria for ACS were used: (1) existence of cardiac enzymes (CK or CK-MB) above the normal range; (2) Greater than 1 mm ST-segment elevation or depression; (3) abnormal Q waves; and (4) manifestation of troponin enzyme in the blood. Data were collected daily, such as temperature (Celsius) changes, wind speed and its direction, rainfall, daily evaporation rate; number of sunny days, and relative humidity were provided by the Meteorological Organization of Iran. Results: A sample of 2,054 patients with ACS were recruited. The results indicated the highest ACS events from March to May. Generally, wind speed (18 PM) [IRR = 1.051 (95% CI: 1.019 to1.083), P=0.001], daily evaporation [IRR = 1.039 (95% CI: 1.003 to 1.077), P=0.032], daily maximum (P<0.001) and minimum (P=0.003) relative humidity was positively correlated withACS events. Also, negatively correlated variables were daily relative humidity (18 PM) [IRR =0.985 (95% CI: 0.978 to 0.992), P<0.001], and daily minimum temperature [IRR = 0.942 (95%CI: 0.927 to 0.958), P<0.001]. Conclusion: Climate changes were found to be significantly associated with ACS; especially from cold weather to hot weather in March, April and May. Further research is needed to fully understand the specific conditions and cold exposures.
Association of hip osteoporosis with pattern of proximal femoral fractures
Authors: Navaeifar Nasrin , Tabrizi Ali , Shirzadi Fatemeh
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Proximal femoral fractures account for a large number of hospitalization cases among the elderly patients. The proximal femoral fractures pattern based on intra-articular or extra-articular could affect the treatment options and induce several complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the severity of osteoporosis and pattern of proximal femoral fractures among elderly patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 83 patients over than 65 years old were enrolled from 2014 to 2018 in the orthopedic department of Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the time of hospitalization. Vitamin D level was also measured. Finally, the mortality rate was determined in 12-month follow-up after the operation. Results: In this study, 83 patients with proximal femoral fractures including 60 cases (72.3%) with extra-articular fractures and 23 cases (27.7%) with intra-articular fractures were investigated. The mean vitamin D level of these two groups [patients with intra-articular fracture (34.4 ± 24.7 nmol/l) and extra-articular fracture (11.3 ± 5.4 nmol/l)] was significantly different (P = 0.020). A significant difference was also observed in the bone densities (based on T-score) of these two groups (P < 0.001). The patients’ mortality rate was significantly different and it was higher in patients with extra-articular fracture (23.0%) compared to those with intra-articular fracture (17.3%) (P = 0.020). Conclusion: In the case of elderly patients, the hip bone density and vitamin D levels play a decisive role in predicting the pattern of proximal femoral fractures. It was also associated with increased mortality among the elderly patients.
Knowledge, attitude, and skill of medical students in dealing with patients with cardiac disorders before and after the cardiac internship
Authors: Morteza-Bagi Hamid Reza , Navabifar Shabnaz , Abdollahi Fariba , Nouriasl Hamideh , Ghaffarzad Amir
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Patients with heart diseases who require emergency care need rapid diagnosis and treatment. Medical students are usually among the first individuals to be trained to help these patients in the course of their internship in the treatment chain and have a significant role in reducing mortality and morbidity among patients with heart diseases referred to the emergency ward. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in Tabriz, Iran, in 2016, 100 medical students were enrolled in a census course. Knowledge, attitude, and skill of interns toward airway management were evaluated in patients by the students before and after the cardiac internship using a valid and reliable researcher-made self-assessment questionnaire. Data were then analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Although the level of knowledge and skill of the interns before and after the cardiovascular education course was significant (P ≤ 0.001), the knowledge and skill scores were lower than the average before and after the course. There was no significant relationship between the gender of the interns with knowledge, attitude, and skill. There was also no significant relationship between the marital status of the participants and the level of knowledge and skills of the interns. Married people had a more positive attitude toward managing patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) compared others (P = 0.013). Conclusion: The level of knowledge and skills of interns in dealing with cardiac patients, before and after the education of cardiac course was low, requiring more attention to training of students in this field.
Effect of Illness Perception Correction - Based Educational Program on Quality Of Life and Self- Care in Patients with Heart Failure: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sadeghi Akbari Ali , Cheraghi Mohammad Ali , kazemnejad Anoushiravan , Nomali Mahin , Zakerimoghadam Maasumeh
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Because of the chronic nature of Heart Failure (HF), low Quality of Life (QoL) and poor self-care are prevalent among patients with HF. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of illness perception correction- based educational program on QoL,and self- care in patients with HF. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 78 eligible patients were included in the study from Rajaei Heart Center (Tehran, Iran) and randomly assigned into intervention and control group with 1:1 allocation ratio. The intervention was a combination of illness perception correction- based education program (30- minute sessions over 3 consecutive days) and 10-minute phone calls made once a week in the course of 8 weeks. The control group received usual care. The primary outcome was quality of life and secondary outcomes were self- care and illness- perception which were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. SPSS version 13 was used for the analysis. Results: Out of 76 eligible patients, 70 patients with HF finished the study. Although the mean of quality of life, self-care, and illness perception were not different at baseline, QoL (45.2 (8.3) VS 66.8 (15.4); P<0.001), self-care (18.5 (4.5) VS 37.1 (7.2); P<0.001), and illness- perception (183.6 (8.4) VS 151.2 (24.5); P<0.001) improved following the program in the intervention group in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: According to the study findings, this program can be applied by nurses for patients with HF as a discharge plan in order to improve their QoL, self-care, and their illness perception.
The Effect of Oral Health Promotion Program on Early Dental Decay in Students: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Naseri Salahshour Vahid , Abredari Hamid , Sajadi Mahbobeh , Sabzaligol Masoumeh , Karimy Mahmood
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The use of different models play a significant role in health education and its promotion. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on early dental decay in elementary students. Methods: This study was a single-blinded, cluster randomized controlled trial, in which 470 elementary students in the fourth, fifth and sixth grades in Saveh, Iran were participated. A demographic questionnaire and a 5-item questionnaire consisting of questions on awareness, attitude, practice, tooth brushing, diet and referring to dentist, were used to data collection. The samples of the intervention (n=234) and control (n=236) groups filled out the questionnaires before intervention (pre-test), immediately after intervention and one month after intervention. The educational intervention based on the TPB was held in three 45-minute sessions. Finally, the data were analyzed, using the SPSS version 13. For analyzing, the Independent t-test, Chi-square, and repeated measures ANOVA were used. Results: This study showed that there is a significant difference in the mean scores obtained from knowledge, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention and behavior among students in the experimental group (immediately after and one month after the intervention) and students in the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that using of TPB, as a framework for providing behavior-led training, can be effective in promoting oral and dental health of students. Nurses as an important member of the treatment team can use the results of this study in school health programs.
Iranian Nurses' Attitudes Toward Nurse-Physician Collaboration and its Relationship with Job Satisfaction
Authors: Pakpour Vahid , Ghafourifard Mansour , Salimi Sedigheh
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Although nurses and physicians are known to share the common goal of improving the quality of health care, there has traditionally been a relational gap between them. The aim of the present study was to investigate the attitude of Iranian nurses about physician-nurse collaboration and its relationship with their job satisfaction. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 232 nurses were recruited from three educational hospitals of Zanjan University of medical sciences. Three questionnaires were used in this study; (a) Demographic data questionnaire, (2) Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician–Nurse Collaboration (JSAPNC), and (3) Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Results: In this study, the mean age of the participants was 33.22(SD= 6.13) years, 83.8% of nurses were female, 90.8% had a baccalaureate degree in nursing, and 82.5 % had rotational work shifts. The mean score of physician-nurse collaboration was found to be 48.07 (SD= 8.95) (ranged from 15 to 60), and the mean score of job satisfaction scale was 57.78 (SD = 14.67) (ranged from 20 to 100). There was a significant positive correlation between the attitudes toward physician–nurse collaboration and job satisfaction among the nurses (r=0.59, P≤0.001). Conclusion: The results indicated that the collaboration between nurses and physicians increases the job satisfaction of nurses working in clinical settings. Therefore, nurses and physicians should develop a new culture of collaboration with each other with the mutual goal of high quality patient care. Moreover, health care administrators should implement the strategies that strengthen the development of physician–nurse collaboration.
Effect of Calcium-enriched Mixture (CEM) cement on increasing mineralization in stem cells from the dental pulps of human exfoliated deciduous teeth
Authors: Rafatjou Rezvan , Amiri Iraj , Janeshin Atousa
Published: June 2019

Background.Stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are highly capable of proliferation and differentiation into odontogenic, osteogenic, adipose tissue and neural cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CEM cement on increasing mineralization in stem cells of exfoliated deciduous teeth. Methods.Dental pulps were isolated from extracted exfoliating primary teeth and immersed in a digestive solution. The dental pulp cells were immersed in α-MEM (modified culture medium) and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) was added. The culture cells were used for mineral deposit formation after the third passage. The cells were cultured in osteogenic cell culture medium in the control group and in osteogenic culture medium supplemented with CEM cement in the case group. Alizarin red staining was used to evaluate the mineral deposit formation on day 21. Statistical significance was determined with t-test. Results.Quantification of alizarin red staining showed that cells exposed to CEM cement induced more mineralized nodules (P=0.03). Conclusion.Mineral deposit formation in SHEDs was stimulated by CEM cement. Based on these data it might be suggested that CEM could improve osteoblastic differentiation.
In vitro induction of odontogenic activity of human dental pulp stem cells by white Portland cement enriched with zirconium oxide and zinc oxide components
Authors: Rahimi Saeed , Salarinasab Sadegh , Ghasemi Negin , Rahbarghazi Reza , Shahi Shahriar , Salem milani Amin , Divband Baharak , Davoudi Paria
Published: June 2019

Background. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) in combination with white Portland cement (WPC) on odontogenic capacity of human dental pulp stem cells over a period of 21 days. Methods. Synthesized ZnO and ZrO2 particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The viability of human dental pulp stem cells was measured by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay at 7-, 14- and 21-day intervals after seeding on WPC disks enriched with ZnO and ZrO2 MPs and NPs. Odontogenic potential of ZnO and ZrO2 particles in combination with WPC was investigated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and ionized calcium level of supernatant culture media at different time intervals. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. Results. All the materials exhibited cell viability over a 21-day period, except for WPC with ZnO NPs on day 7, although it was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The ALP activity and ionized calcium level increased in all the groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). ZnO NPs had superior effect on odontogenic activity and calcium ion release compared to ZnO MPs (P=0.046). There was no significant difference between ZrO2 MPs and NPs in odontogenic activity (P>0.05). Conclusion. WPC enriched with ZnO and ZrO2 increased ALP activity and calcium ion release of human dental pulp stem cells over a period of 21 days in vitro.
Comparison of the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProGlider, PathGlider and One G path-finding instruments
Authors: Kırıcı Damla Özsu , Karataş Ertuğrul , Uygun Ahmet Demirhan , Doğanay Yıldız Ezgi , Çolak Kezban Meltem , Arslan Hakan
Published: June 2019

Background. The aim of the present study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of novel nickel titanium rotary pathfinding instruments. Methods. Twenty instruments were selected for each file system. A simulated stainless steel root canal, with a 90° angle of curvature and a curvature radius of 3 mm, was used for cyclic fatigue test of the ProGlider (#16, progressive taper: 0.02‒ 0.085), PathGlider (#15, taper: .03), and One G (#14, taper: .03) instruments. Statistical analyses were performed with oneway ANOVA (P=0.05). Post hoc Tukey tests were used to determine any statistically significant differences between the groups. Results. The ProGlider instruments exhibited significantly more cyclic fatigue resistance than both PathGlider and One G instruments (P<0.001). One G instruments had significantly more resistance to fracture than PathGlider instruments (P<0.05). Conclusion. ProGlider instruments had better cyclic fatigue resistance than PathGlider and One G instruments.