bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biotechnology Breakthroughs: Shaping the Future of Health, Agriculture, and Industry
Authors: Karakhanova Lobarkhan , Makhmudova Dilfuza , Shernazarov Iskandar , Khujanov Erkin
Published: December 2024

Biotechnology has evolved significantly, impacting health, agriculture, and industry. This literature review synthesizes insights from key articles to illustrate biotechnology's transformative potential, alongside its challenges and ethical considerations. A systematic search of peer- reviewed articles from 2016 to 2023 was conducted, focusing on public acceptance, regulatory frameworks, and emerging technologies like CRISPR/Cas9. Findings reveal that public perception heavily influences the adoption of biotechnological innovations, particularly in food sectors where safety concerns prevail. Regulatory frameworks in the European Union and the United States often inhibit innovation due to stringent requirements, necessitating a balanced approach that considers both risks and benefits. The potential of synthetic biology and genome-editing technologies to enhance agriculture and health is substantial, yet ethical dilemmas, particularly regarding genetic manipulation and corporate control, present significant challenges. The review underscores the need for transparent communication, inclusive policies, and robust governance to ensure equitable access to biotechnological advancements. In conclusion, while biotechnology holds promise for addressing critical global challenges such as food security and climate change, its success hinges on navigating the complexities of public perception, regulation, and ethical considerations.
Introduction of resource efficient, cleaner production (RECP) methods in industry
Authors: Usmonov Shukurillo , Kuchkarova Dilnoza , Igamberdiyev Bunyod , Sultonov Ruzimatjon
Published: December 2024

This article focuses on the implementation of Resource Efficient and Clean Production (RTTI) methods in industrial enterprises located in the Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan. Its main goal is to improve energy efficiency, reduce CO2 emissions, and ensure optimal use of resources. Currently, the low efficiency of resources in many enterprises increases the energy demand of production and damages the environment. Within this article, it is envisaged to solve the problems by training local specialists and introducing technological innovations. Preliminary results show a 10-15% reduction in energy consumption and a 10% increase in resource efficiency. Local experts trained through trainings are trained to optimize production processes in enterprises and are directed to apply this approach to wider industrial sectors. This paper will allow for the development of sustainable industrial practices and widespread adoption of green technologies in the Fergana Valley, which will bring long-term economic and environmental benefits.
Specific characteristics of tourism infrastructure development
Authors: Sayfullayeva Dilafruz , Akobirova Madina , Mirzakulova Nodira , Khudoyberdiyeva Sitora
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the development of tourism infrastructure, its essence, formation, important components, forms, opportunities, current state of development, and evaluation characteristics, including proposed integral indicators. Furthermore, it highlights the relevance of infrastructure elements in the tourism sector, as well as conclusions and recommendations drawn from the results of evaluating the integral values of the development level of tourism infrastructure.
Leveraging machine learning for environmental cost management in green accounting
Authors: Cordova Wilson , Lim Cristina Teresa N. , Dudukalov Egor , Oksenyuk Elena
Published: December 2024

This study explores the role of green technology investment, machine learning adoption, and data analytics capability in enhancing environmental cost efficiency (ECE), focusing on Asian companies. It investigates how these technological investments foster ecological innovation, which mediates the relationship between these factors and cost efficiency. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 330 companies across various Asian industries and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that green technology, machine learning, and data analytics significantly contribute to ECE, with environmental innovation as a critical mediator. Machine learning adoption and data analytics were found to have the most substantial impact on fostering innovation and driving cost savings. This study highlights the importance of integrating technology and innovation to achieve environmental sustainability and cost efficiency, offering valuable insights for Asian policymakers and business leaders. These findings contribute to the growing literature on sustainability and provide practical implications for businesses looking to enhance their competitiveness while reducing environmental impact.
Role of Harnessing Green Technologies and Innovation for Sustainable Development
Authors: Yuldashova Nargiza , Choriyeva Shakhnoza , Ziyadulloyeva Mokhidil , Shadiyeva Dilfuza , Umirova Mamlakat
Published: December 2024

In the context of pressing environmental challenges and socio- economic disparities, the role of green technologies and innovation has become crucial for sustainable development. This paper explores their transformative impact on environmental conservation, economic growth, and social equity. Employing a combination of theoretical analysis and statistical methods, the study assesses how green technologies contribute to mitigating climate change, enhancing resource efficiency, and promoting inclusivity. Key findings indicate that renewable energy technologies, waste management innovations, and sustainable agricultural practices are vital in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preserving natural ecosystems. The research also highlights the economic benefits of green technologies, including job creation and the emergence of new industries. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the importance of collaboration among governments, businesses, and civil society to overcome barriers to green innovation. The results underline that fostering a culture of sustainability through green technologies is essential for addressing global challenges and achieving sustainable development goals. Ultimately, the study advocates for leveraging the potential of green technologies to build a more resilient, equitable, and sustainable future, ensuring that both humanity and the environment can thrive together in harmony.
Issues of environmental changes and transportation
Authors: Parpieva Umida , Najmutdinova Gulnoza , Khaydarov Ilhom , Zakirova Gulnora , Karimova Nodira
Published: December 2024

Environmental changes, driven predominantly by anthropogenic activities, significantly impact air quality, with the transport sector contributing around 40% of emissions. This paper explores the integration of green logistics and green finance as pivotal strategies to mitigate environmental pollution associated with transportation. The methodology combines research, policy development, public awareness, infrastructure improvements, and stakeholder collaboration to promote sustainable transport solutions. Statistical data highlights the increasing production of vehicles and the harmful emissions they generate, emphasizing the urgent need for effective regulation. Analysis reveals that toxic substances from vehicle exhaust, such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, pose severe health risks. Recommendations for reducing emissions include enhancing vehicle standards, improving waste treatment technologies, and fostering the use of alternative fuels. The findings underscore the necessity for a comprehensive ecological regulation system in Uzbekistan to safeguard natural ecosystems and improve air quality, illustrating a commitment to sustainable development. This approach aims not only to reduce pollution but also to promote economic growth through green practices, ultimately contributing to a healthier environment for current and future generations.
Assessing the impact of microplastics on the environment
Authors: Abdullayeva Maya , Musayeva Ulkar
Published: December 2024

In this article, plastic pollution of the environment, including land and water, is one of the world's biggest problems, but little is known about the effects of synthetic polymers on soil populations. The main goal of the article is to analyze the presence of plastic in water and soil in Azerbaijan and around the world, as well as to propose methods of cleaning water and soil from plastic based on global and own experience. The methodology and materials used in this study were chosen to effectively investigate the distribution of microplastics in the environment. In the study, it was determined that the particles of microplastics are present in both soil and water, and the cleaning processes corresponding to them were indicated.
Environmental policy and social solidarity: The problems of interconnection
Authors: Bikmetov Evgeniy , Frolova Irina , Lukmanova Raushaniya , Frolov Konstantin , Saitbattalov Iskander
Published: December 2024

The objective of the study is twofold: firstly, to develop an ESG strategy and secondly, to implement it as a solution to global environmental problems, based on the principles of solidarity of all participants at the international level. In the study, the authors employed three methodological grounds: firstly, systematicity and additionality, which were used to analyze multilateral interdependencies and fundamental contradictions that prevent the dominance of the principles of environmental policy and ESG-governance; secondly, the substantive analysis which serves as the foundation for comprehending the interconnections between socio-economic systems and the pivotal elements that shape their evolution within the context of the environmental agenda; thirdly, the logical analysis that enables the utilization of a diverse array of data obtained through the generalization of environmental policy and ESG governance. The study is grounded in the theoretical frameworks of the public sphere research and structural functionalism. The authors' conclusions are based on empirical data obtained during the implementation of the strategic project, “ESG models for the growth of new ecoterritories,” at the Ufa University of Science and Technology (Ufa, Russia). It may be concluded, therefore, that an ESG strategy aimed at social integration serves to unify the social organism and facilitate sustainable socio-economic development, while simultaneously fostering a system of values and a mode of thought characterised by solidarity. The paper justifies the proposed strategies for enhancing environmental quality. These include a focus on human-centric economic practices and the promotion of solidarity as a global and interhuman prosocial behavior.
The state of modern environmental law in the Russian Federation
Authors: Lang Petr
Published: December 2024

The article analyses the provisions of domestic legislation and legal doctrine on the issues of formation and development of the branch of environmental law in Russia. Opinions and approaches of domestic specialists are studied, significant problems of theoretical and applied nature on the stated subject are presented, as well as ways to solve them in the foreseeable future, taking into account the requirements of today. The research is aimed at developing measures to eliminate theoretical problems in the sphere of modern environmental law. The use of a wide range of research methods contributed to the achievement of substantiated results.
Problems and opportunities of environmental cost accounting at agricultural enterprises
Authors: Klychova Guzaliya , Zakirova Alsou , Sharapova Natalia , Gallyamov Elmir , Sokolov Vyacheslav , Rykalina Olga
Published: December 2024

During the reporting period, information on costs, including environmental costs, is recorded on various synthetic accounts, sub- accounts, cost items, including complex cost items, as well as on analytical accounts. Meanwhile, one of the accounting tasks is to systematize disparate information and to calculate on its basis the cost price of a unit of output. In financial accounting, the task of forming a calculation with a full list of environmental costs is not feasible due to the heterogeneity of costs and regulatory restrictions. It is only possible to maximize the allocation of the nomenclature of items related to the environmental component in the composition of current costs. To solve this problem, it is necessary to abandon the “boilerplate” analytics, which contradicts the accounting of environmental costs, which, on the contrary, requires deep detailing. The article critically examines approaches to the organization of environmental cost accounting and develops recommendations for solving the problematic aspects of accounting in the application of by-process and by-order methods by enterprises specializing in crop production.
“Green” bonds for financing environmental projects in Moscow
Authors: Pudeyan Lyubov , Zaporozceva Elena , Medvedskaya Tatiana
Published: December 2024

In this article, the author analyzes the market of debt instruments in the field of «green» financing on the example of «green» bonds issued by the city of Moscow. The placement of “green” bonds is targeted, the funds raised should be used to finance environmental projects. The Moscow government issued green bonds totaling 72 billion rubles to finance the replacement of the bus fleet and the construction of metro stations, which will reduce the emission of pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Consequently, investors, by purchasing “green” bonds, not only successfully invest free cash, but also finance an investment project, the purpose of which is to improve the climatic conditions of the city of Moscow. The city of Moscow is an issuer with high credit ratings, which is achieved due to the budget balance and low debt burden. The issue of green bonds of Moscow is the first case of placement of sub-federal securities of green financing. From this point of view, they are of interest both for investors wishing to invest in environmental projects, and for government agencies and other subjects of Russia. To distribute this type of financial instrument, the efforts of the state, financial institutions and corporate investors should be combined. Measures taken by the Government of the Russian Federation include certification of the taxonomy process for environmental projects and the adoption of Russian standards for the development of sustainable development bonds, including public sector green bonds. Government support measures will help develop infrastructure and increase investor confidence in green financial instruments.
Study of the influence of external influences on the range of the RFID system
Authors: Khamzaev Dilshod
Published: December 2024

The study is based on the analysis of the phenomena of the direction of electromagnetic radiation through the use of a system of two oscillatory circuits of a reader and an RFID tag. The analysis established the relationship between environmental factors and the range of the RFID system by creating a theoretical model of the phenomenon using partial differential equations of multiple variables and multiple powers. The fact of analysis using a function model for damped electromagnetic periodic oscillations in the zero case has been established. As a result, two formulas were derived that establish the dependence of the range of RFID technology on the temperature and humidity of the environment.
Exploring green loans: Effects on household financial habits compared to conventional loans
Authors: Bayakhmetova Aliya , Bayakhmetova Lyazzat , Bayakhmetova Leila , Niyazbekova Shakizada
Published: December 2024

Central Asian countries, such as Kazakhstan, are demonstrating their interest in protecting the environment and conserving natural resources by introducing ESG principles in the financial sector and supporting the global green economy course. The steady growth of household borrowing and increased attention to the environmental component at the state level prompted a study of the impact of income inequality (Gini index) on the use of renewable energy sources. According to the authors of the study, increasing inequality may lead to a decrease in public and political support for renewable energy policies. This idea formed the basis of the hypothesis and served as the purpose of the study. The hypothesis testing was based on secondary data from official sources using correlation and regression analysis. The results of the analysis showed a weak relationship between the two variables, which did not confirm the hypothesis of the study, indicating the need for further study of this issue with the coverage of Central Asian countries and the introduction of additional factors (energy prices, GDP per capita, unemployment rate and others) into the proposed model. The results of the study will serve as a basis for the development of further research on this topic for the countries of Central Asia due to its insufficient study.
Emergency behaviour in situations of environmental disasters
Authors: Priymak Elena
Published: December 2024

This paper delves into the notion of emergency situations, alongside the human behavioral responses associated with these events. It unravels the significance of psychological elements and human conduct in emergencies, as these factors are pivotal in ensuring preparedness for mindful, resolute, and assertive responses during crisis scenarios.
Smart cities in Russia: Technological innovations and urban transformations
Authors: Neshcheret Alexander , Nurova Oksana , Skornichenko Natalia , Oruch Tatiana
Published: December 2024

Our paper focuses on the technological innovations and urban transformations driving the development of smart cities in Russia. Smart cities, leveraging advancements like artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and smart infrastructure, are reshaping urban management and enhancing citizens' quality of life. In order to face the worldwide trends, the Russian government has integrated smart city initiatives into national strategies such as the “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation,” targeting urban issues from transportation to environmental sustainability. Our paper demonstrates that many Russian cities serve as pioneering examples, with developments ranging from intelligent traffic management systems to digital twins and smart grids. AI plays a crucial role in managing urban systems, improving transportation, public safety, and resource distribution. Moreover, our results show that the implementation of smart grids and energy-efficient technologies highlights Russia's commitment to sustainability. This paper explains and summarizes how these innovations contribute to making Russian cities more efficient, connected, and resilient while positioning the country as a significant player in the global smart city movement. Our results might be of special interest for modern urban planners and city stakeholders as well as for researchers specializing in sustainable urban technologies.
The impact of nuclear testing on the environment: The case of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site
Authors: Akhmetova Raushan , Atantayeva Bakyt , Abenova Gulnur , Karibaev Maxat , Amrina Minar , Kurbanova Nazira
Published: December 2024

This article examines the environmental and public health consequences of nuclear tests conducted at the Semipalatinsk test site. The study addresses radiation emissions, changes in ecosystems, and the impact on biodiversity. The level of radioactive contamination in soil and water bodies is discussed, along with morbidity statistics among the local population, including rising rates of cancer and congenital anomalies. The results of contemporary research evaluating the current state of the environment and proposing rehabilitation measures for affected areas are also analyzed. Furthermore, the article highlights international initiatives and projects aimed at mitigating the effects of nuclear testing and restoring ecosystems. The authors stress the importance of ongoing environmental monitoring and the development of rehabilitation strategies. In conclusion, the significance of an integrated approach to analyzing the consequences of nuclear tests is emphasized, with a focus on ensuring sustainable development and safeguarding the health of future generations.
Process modeling for creating digital solutions for household ecoactivism
Authors: Krasnikova Irina , Oleinikova Elizaveta
Published: December 2024

Humanity is having an enormous negative impact on the environment. To reduce this impact, government programs are being developed to modernize various industries by introducing innovative “green technologies”. In addition, there is a demand in society for the formation of pro-environmental attitudes, which are expressed in the creation, support or participation in environmental actions or projects, the organization of everyday life and the development of habits aimed at reducing the consumption of resources and the pressure on natural ecosystems. In order to systematize, control and manage such processes in society, it is necessary to create digital solutions. This requires the formalization of existing processes and their digital transformation. All this substantiates the relevance of the topic of the completed work. The paper formulates the goals, objectives, theoretical and practical significance of the research. The use of general scientific methods of analysis and modeling made it possible to establish key objects and connections between them for the implementation of household ecoactivism processes using digital solutions. Based on this, a precedent diagram was created to graphically demonstrate the results obtained.
Food security's role in sustaining rural viability in regions
Authors: Arzumanyan Misak S.
Published: December 2024

Based on studying domestic and foreign experience, the research analyzes the state of rural social and production infrastructure, the activities of economic entities in the agro-industrial complex, the prospects for ensuring the viability of the territory, sustainable development, effectiveness of crop cultivation, food security components as a necessary condition for ensuring national security. Attention is emphasized on a serious obstacle to the preservation of the viability of territories - manifestations of persistence - technological backwardness of existing enterprises, the need to implement processes aimed at creating new industries - the results of research and innovation activities. The purpose of the paper is to interpret the phenomenon of “persistence” in relation to the viability of rural territories, in particular, to the ability of territories to ensure food security. The scientific novelty of the research is the substantiation of the necessity to take into account the phenomenon that characterizes the resistance to ensuring the viability of socio-economic systems that have undergone reforms, but maintain socio-economic parameters for a long time: when making any changes in the structure of the territory, “keeping in memory” its past patterns and returning to them under appropriate circumstances. We present a transformed view of the achieved degree of viability, taking into account the effect of persistence, based on the calculation of the degree of: economic stability, ecological balance, social equality, institutionalism and political system.
“Green Agenda” for urban development in the context of climate change adaptation
Authors: Sheina S. , Pasko E.
Published: December 2024

The issues of sustainable urban development in the context of the global climate change are becoming increasingly relevant. The article investigates the “green agenda” for urban development in the context of climate change adaptation. It studies the key strategies and aspects contributing to reducing the negative impact of climate change on the urban environment. In the frame of the adaptation process, particular attention should be paid to involvement of the local communities, integration of the green technologies, improvement of the energy efficiency of buildings and infrastructure, as well as to development of the green spaces. Upon studying the comprehensive approach to implementation of the “green agenda”, the solutions contributing to increasing the urban sustainability and improving the quality of life of the urban residents have been revealed.
Problems of legal support for independence of food security of Russia in agricultural crop growing
Authors: Eliseev Vyacheslav , Martynenko Irina
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the problems of legal support for food security in the Russian Federation. The need to introduce a criterion for the independence of food security in Russia is substantiated. This approach turned out to be far-sighted and proved its correctness in the context of the sanctions policy of leading European countries against the Russian Federation. The weak point of food security is substantiated: the lack of domestically bred seeds for certain types of agricultural plants that require a policy of targeted state support, an alternative to which is the increase in state-owned agricultural organizations, including at the expense of enterprises of the Ministry of Defense. The specified measures can also contribute to the state's influence on the rush food demand during difficult periods of state policy. In the latter case, it is also advisable to introduce control (restrictions) on the purchase of certain groups of food. The specified economic measures require detailed legal regulation in special agrarian legislation.
Approaches to mitigation of climate change at all stages of the life cycle of a construction facility
Authors: Sheina Svetlana , Chernyavsky Ilya
Published: December 2024

At the beginning of the 21st century, the world scientific community recorded the growth of climate change. This led to further study of climate change and forecasting its impact on economic sectors, including construction. The article discusses the features of climate change impact on the life cycle of capital construction facilities, measures to adapt construction facilities to climate change and mitigation measures. The aim of the article is to assess the degree of climate change influence during the entire life cycle of a capital construction facility. During the analytical study, the consequences of climate change in Russia that affect the life cycle of a construction object, and proposed adaptation measures at each stage of the life cycle. The article contributes to the theoretical substantiation of the impact of climate change on the construction industry and, in particular, on the life cycle of a capital construction facility.
Ecotourism practices meeting the sustainability principles: Case of the Republic of Karelia
Authors: Kolesnikova Natalia , Korneeva Elena , Chudrova Venera
Published: December 2024

Ecotourism seems to be the one that naturally meets the criteria of sustainable tourism. However, the way it is practiced in some cases may substantially divert from the lines of sustainable development. The paper investigates the correspondence of ecotourism practices to sustainable development criteria in the case of the Republic of Karelia. The aim of the study is to reveal failures and provide research data to elaborate policy recommendations for enhancing ecotourism sustainability. Ecotourism practices in the region were analyzed and classified into three forms: unorganized (independent) tourism, organized active tourism, and ecotours in protected areas. The sample of this study comprised 3 specially protected natural areas in the Republic of Karelia and 9 natural areas without ‘protected area’ status which are popular among tourists. This study employs content analysis method, comparing the feedback reviews about nature destinations in the Republic of Karelia provided by tourists in Yandex.Maps social network. Feedback of tourists was analyzed according to 4 criteria: cleanliness, peace, beautiful landscape and tourist infrastructure. Based on the ratio of positive and negative reviews, conclusions are drawn about the area’s compliance with each criterion. The results show that only ecotours in protected areas fully meets all the criteria of responsible and sustainable tourism in the region studied. Policy incentives should be aimed at encouraging ecotourists and service providers to meet the principles of sustainable tourism.
Building response to two local earthquakes
Authors: Lapin V. , Shokhbarov Y. , Omarov Zh. , Aldakhov Y.
Published: December 2024

Instrumental records of two earthquakes with foci in the Almaty territory were obtained, recorded during one month on February 02, 2018, and February 15, 2018. The local seismic events registered in February 2018 in the Almaty territory are analyzed. These are 2 – 4 magnitude earthquakes with foci on the city’s territory. Using the AT 1105 sensors and the RSM-8 recorder, station No. 1 “Institute” recorded instrumental readings of accelerations in the basement and the four-story frame-brick building roof. For the first time, an instrumental recording was obtained, on which two groups of waves were identified. Spectral curves β are plotted. Effective duration is insignificant 0.12 – 1.74 sec. New results have been obtained regarding the behavior of a building under the influence of two earthquakes of different intensities. The absence of significant values of the spectral curves of the two earthquakes was noted. There is an increase in the intensity and number of local earthquakes in 2018 compared to 2007 – 2014. The results can be used to design earthquake-resistant buildings, taking into account the requirements of Eurocode 8.
Green integration and formation of a united sustainable space
Authors: Bisultanova Aza
Published: December 2024

The article analyses the degree of participation of various EU countries in the implementation of the agreement's goals, with a special focus on the leaders - Germany, France, Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands, which are actively promoting measures to reduce emissions and introduce renewable energy sources. Central and Eastern European countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania), which face socio-economic challenges and need additional support to transition to a sustainable economy, are also considered. They need additional support from the EU, including access to the Just Transition Fund, in order to successfully meet climate targets. The paper emphasises the importance of regional solidarity in overcoming environmental and economic obstacles to carbon neutrality, and once again highlights the need for international cooperation and exchange of experience to successfully achieve emission reduction targets and transition to renewable energy. The need to take into account national characteristics and possible impacts on the economy and society was also emphasized, since improving the well-being of society is a primary task, which accordingly requires a more flexible and adaptive approach to the implementation of the climate agenda.
A Citespace-Based Bibliometric Study of Pesticide Residues in Soil-Food Systems
Authors: Jiang Jianyu , Cui Shuang , Lv Lianghe , Jiang Jing , Zhu Ziyue
Published: December 2024

CiteSpace is used to analyze the relevant literature in the Web of Science (WoS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases from January 1994 ~ December 2024 from the number of published papers to keywords. This paper summarizes the research status of pesticide residues in soil-food system at home and abroad, predicts the future development trend, and provides reference for further research in this field.
Feasibility Study on Aerobic Composting of Campus Kitchen Waste
Authors: Gu Yunxi
Published: December 2024

Composting treatment is one of the important ways to reuse organic kitchen waste resources. In this study, based on the campus environment of middle school, the process of aerobic composting of campus kitchen waste was preliminarily explored in plastic composting barrels with kitchen waste produced in the canteen as composting raw material and commercially available organic starter as additive (the addition amount was 0.1% -0.4 %). The results showed that: a) the odor of the pile increased in intensity first and then decreased with the process, and the color changed from light to dark. At the end of the composting, the pile generally had no odor and showed dark brown; the peak temperature did not exceed 41℃; b) The temperature changes of all treatments showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the peak temperature did not exceed 41℃; c) T-3 (0.4 % additive) reached the high-temperature period on day 3, and the composting period was shortened by 56% compared with CK; d) The composting effect of 0.4% additive dosage was the best. This study can provide some reference value for the promotion and practice of kitchen waste composting in middle school campus.
Changes of Photosynthesis Efficiency during the Process of Modern Maize Breeding
Authors: Ma Yingying
Published: December 2024

Crop yield has always been an important problem in solving the demand of the global population increase and food supply. In addition to increasing planting density, improving crop photosynthetic efficiency is the most effective measurement to increase crop yield. Maize is the world’s largest crop with a typically high photosynthetic efficiency, however, how to further increase its photosynthetic efficiency is still largely unknown, especially since its photosynthetic efficiency change during the process of modern maize breeding has not yet been reported. In this study, several typical important photosynthetic efficiency indexes, including chlorophyll content, maximum photochemical efficiency () and actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), were compared between representative inbred lines of different ages. The results showed that the chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm and ΦPSII were significantly increased with age during the modern maize breeding process, which guided the breeding and improvement of new varieties of maize with high photosynthetic efficiency.
Pika’s role in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecosystem and effects of biodiversity
Authors: Hong Zimu , Jiang Xiaoyu , Li Rourou
Published: December 2024

The Tibetan Plateau is the largest plateau in the world. Although this plateau is not as rich in species as the rainforest, it still contains some specific flora and fauna (including mammals, birds, and some reptiles). These special organisms make up biodiversity. It refers to the sum total of genes, species and ecosystems within a given area. Biodiversity produces a variety of direct and indirect benefits. These benefits are significant for human health and well-being. On the Tibetan Plateau lives a small mammal called the pika. Pika plays an important role in the plateau ecosystem and has an impact on biodiversity. However, despite the vital role pikas play in the ecosystem, the government considers them to be responsible for the degradation of grasslands and vegetation, and kills them to restore pastures. Some advocates and scholars have made different arguments based on this situation. They believe the pika also protected the plateau ecosystem, rather than damaging the grasslands. There was no direct relationship between grassland degradation and pika. In addition, a decline in the pika population would also lead to a decline in other carnivores. These wild animals may choose to attack poultry and livestock. Conflicts between humans and animals will intensify. If China wants to implement a biodiversity protection policy on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. They should observe and acknowledge that pikas play a vital role in the plateau ecosystem and stop killing them. This paper describes the characteristics, habitat, population, reproduction, behavior, plateau adaptation, role in ecosystem and impact on biodiversity of pika.
Comparative study on habitat of Moschus berezovskii and Elaphodus cephalophus in Lixian County based on MaxEnt
Authors: Wang Junyi , Kou Weili , Li Dan , Gong Liangchun , Zhao Yan , Liu Huaijun
Published: December 2024

In order to understand the spatial distribution pattern and habitat utilization characteristics of Moschus berezovskii and Elaphodus cephalophus in Lixian County, and provide scientific theoretical supports for protecting these two types of small animals, this study used geographical distribution points and environmental factor variables to construct a MaxEnt model to compare and analyse the habitat suitability of these two species of Artiodactyls animals. The results includes: (1) the constructed MaxEnt prediction models for the habitats of both species achieved an average AUC of 0.949 and 0.974 in the test set respectively, which can meet the needs of their habitat suitability analysis; (2) Elevation, variation coefficient of precipitation (bio15), mean diurnal range (Bio2), isothermality (bio3), annual mean temperature (Bio1), temperature annual range (bio17) are the six main environmental factors influencing the habitat suitability of Moschus berezovskii and Elaphodus cephalophus; (3) The habitat selection and utilization of the two species are very similar. This study implicating that the Moschus berezovskii and Elaphodus cephalophus are cospecies in Lixian County, and can be protected by using an uniform strategy.
The impact of climate change on agronomic traits of winter wheat in Yangzhou
Authors: Hong Ye , Bai Yang , Chen Jingdu , Liu Shaogui , Tang Jianpeng
Published: December 2024

This study explores the effects of climate change on the agronomic traits of winter wheat in Yangzhou over recent years, providing a theoretical foundation for breeding new winter wheat varieties adapted to climate change. Utilizing wheat agronomic trait data and meteorological data from 2003 to 2023 in Yangzhou, we statistically analysed trends in wheat agronomic traits and climate change, and performed correlation analysis. The findings reveal that in recent years, both precipitation and temperature during wheat growth stage in Yangzhou have risen, while sunlight hours have decreased. The agronomic traits of wheat, including the number of effective spikes, grains per spike, and yield per unit area have improved, while the thousand grain weight has decreased. In light of this analysis, the increased frequency of extreme weather events during the wheat growth phase due to global warming means that wheat grain filling is likely to face high-temperature stress, potentially shortening the grain filling stage and subsequently impacting the thousand grain weight and limiting yield improvements. Consequently, breeding for future wheat varieties should prioritize grain filling characteristics and stable grain weight.
Weapons of Moths against Bats and Their Bionic Applications
Authors: Jia Tianqi
Published: December 2024

The evolutionary arms race between moths and bats has spurred the development of intricate defense mechanisms in moths, which are not only crucial for their survival but also serve as a rich source of inspiration for biomimetic innovations. This study delves into the array of biological “weapons” that moths employ to evade bat predation, including behavioral adaptations, acoustic properties of wing scales, chemical defenses, and acoustic strategies. By presenting a comprehensive overview of these defense tactics, we lay the groundwork for understanding how these biological insights translate into groundbreaking applications in modern science and technology. The review begins with an exploration of passive defenses such as behavioral changes and the acoustic absorption capabilities of moth wing scales, which significantly reduce detection by bats. It then transitions into active defense strategies, such as the production of ultrasonic clicks for sonar interference and the execution of evasive flight maneuvers. These natural strategies are then extended into the realm of biomimetics, where we examine the development of innovative technologies like directional hearing aids and acoustic metamaterials, inspired by the auditory systems and wing structures of moths. By framing biomimetic applications as a direct extension of the moth's defense mechanisms, this study aims to provide a clear link between biological adaptations and their technological counterparts. The research underscores the potential of moth-inspired designs to enhance acoustic imaging, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnostics, ultimately highlighting the mutually beneficial relationship between the study of nature and the advancement of human technology.
Isolation and Screening of Soybean Rhizobia and Their Effects on Soybean Nodulation and Plant Growth in Saline-Alkali Soil
Authors: Lai Xianzhi , Zhu Wentao , Liu Changfa , Peng Weibing , Hao Yongren , Wang Qingling , Zheng Zehui , Huang Yanhua
Published: December 2024

Soybean is a vital food crop, and saline-alkali soil represents a valuable arable land resource. Rhizobia inoculation can improve the tolerance of soybean to salt stress, potentially increasing yield in saline-alkali soil. A strain of rhizobia DY31-8 was isolated from saline-alkali soil using salt-tolerant soybean as a host. This strain demonstrated the ability to survive at temperatures ranging from 14°C to 42°C and in salt concentrations of 1%–3%. It also exhibited certain antibiotic resistance and independent auxin production. Soybean inoculation experiments demonstrated that DY31-8 forms a reciprocal symbiosis with soybean roots and significantly promotes plant growth. This study provides insights for the screening and application of soybean rhizobia in saline-alkali soil.
Green Prevention and Control of Dendrobium Officinale Diseases Based on Green Irrigation
Authors: Yang Jinxia , Zhou Yaoyao , Shah Paras , Wang Jiaxin , Du Baozhu , Tan Yuyin , Wang Yuanqi , Wang Lei
Published: December 2024

Dendrobium, a medicinal and food plant of high medicinal and economic value, is being cultivated in various regions across China. Based on years of cultivation experience, we explored effective cultivation measures for Dendrobium and analyzed the role of green prevention and control technologies in its cultivation. The experiment demonstrated that the green prevention and control system effectively manages Dendrobium diseases. This provides foundational data for the future application of biopesticides in Dendrobium cultivation and facilitates the integration of green irrigation technology with biopesticide practices. Ultimately, this approach aims to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and minimize environmental pollution in Dendrobium cultivation, particularly in volcanic regions.
Marinobacter Sp. Zp-2095 Enhances Tomato and Maize to Salt Tolerance for Potential Application in Saline Soil Reclamation
Authors: Wang Rui , Wang Yi , Xu Yan , Zhang Xiaoxia , Liang Zhenpu
Published: December 2024

Strain zp-2095, a moderately halophilic bacteria, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Suaeda glauca plant, in the Aiding lake, Xinjiang, China. Molecular identification result indicated strain zp- 2095 is a member of Marinobacter. It could dissolve organophosphorus and produce amylase and cellulase. Strain zp-2095 has the function of fixing nitrogen which is helpful for plant through maintaining nitrogen in the soil. Siderophore, which can enhance the plant's absorption of iron, was produced by strain zp-2095. The results of petri dish growth promotion experiments indicated strain zp-2095 markedly increased the lateral root number of tomato under varying saline-alkali stress (p<0.0001), and the fresh weight of treated plants significantly surpassed that of the control group (p<0.001 or p<0.0001). In a pot experiment, at 0‰ NaCl maize treated with strain zp-2095 showed increases of 16.8% in above-ground and 37.0% in below-ground fresh weight. At 6‰ NaCl, the weights of above-ground and below-ground increased by 29.8% and 30.5%, respectively, showing significant growth improvement (p<0.0001). Overall, this strain plays an important role in promoting plant growth in saline soils.
Occurrence and Influencing Factors of Tea Small Green Leaf Cicada
Authors: Huang Xinyu , Fan Zibo
Published: December 2024

In order to scientifically control pests and improve the yield and quality of tea, according to the meteorological data of solstice County, Chizhou City, Anhui Province and the pest data of tea tree small green leaf cicada, Stata software was used to analyze the correlation of the occurrence and meteorological data, to find out the occurrence rules and influencing factors of pests, so as to provide a basis for pest control.
Preparation and Properties of Redox-Responsive Micelles Based on Carboxylmethyl Hydroxypropyl Chitosan
Authors: Liu Jianrui , Zhang Yongqin
Published: December 2024

By employing carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCMS) as the hydrophilic unit, deoxycholic acid (DOCA) as the hydrophobic unit, and cystamine (CYS) as the linker, the synthesis involved a two-step amidation process. Initially, DOCA's carboxyl group reacted with one amino end of CYS, resulting in deoxycholic acid-cystamine (DOCA-SS-NH2). Subsequently, amidation was carried out between HPCMS's carboxyl group and the amino group of DOCA-SS-NH2, yielding the amphiphilic polymer carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl chitosan-cystamine-deoxycholic acid (HPCMS-SS-DOCA). Leveraging the self-assembly characteristics of this amphiphilic polymer, blank micelles demonstrating redox responsiveness and drugloaded micelles encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) were formulated through dialysis. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) were deployed to determine the chemical structures of HPCMS, DOCA-SS-NH2, and the resulting polymer HPCMS-SS-DOCA. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to examine the particle size distribution and morphology of the polymer micelles. The ultraviolet spectrophotometer assessed the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of the drug-loaded micelles, while in vitro drug release assays investigated the redox-responsive drug release performance of the drug-loaded micelles. FTIR and 1H NMR results confirmed the successful synthesis of the amphiphilic polymer HPCMS-SS-DOCA. DLS and TEM results demonstrated that both blank and drug-loaded micelles are spherical, with small particle sizes and uniform distribution. The drug-loaded micelles exhibited an average particle size of 262.9 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.189. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies were found to be 13.23% and 66.14%, respectively. In a reductive environment, in vitro drug release assays indicated that the drug release amount within 48 hours was 52.67%, while in the non-reductive environment, the drug release amount within 48 hours is only 25.57%, indicating that this polymer micelle has good redox responsiveness.
Efficacy and Safety of Different Doses of Urico-Lowering Agents in The Treatment of Gout with Hyperuricemia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wen Jie , Wang Yongyan , Li Jialin , Zhang Yiying , Shi Yan , Li Xingzhou , Sun Xuewei
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of different doses of uric acid- lowering drugs (allopurinol, febuxostat, and benzbromarone) in patients with gout with hyperuricemia by using the method of reticulated Meta-analysis. Methods: Published clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of febuxostat, allopurinol, and benzbromarone in the treatment of gout with hyperuricemia were searched. Results: A total of 17 papers randomized controlled publications met the criteria were included, including 3461 patients (The actual number of people completed 2797) patients actually completed. Mesh meta-analysis showed that 120 mg of febuxostat had better clinical efficacy than other drugs (cumulative probability ranking curve (SUCRA) was 98.5%); 120 mg of febuxostat showed better efficacy in terms of safety than other drugs (cumulative probability ranking curve (SUCRA) was 72.0%). Conclusion: The efficacy and safety of 120 mg febuxostat in the treatment of gout with hyperuricemia were superior to other uric acid lowering drugs. This review recommended 120 mg of febuxostat for the treatment of patients with gout with hyperuricemia.