bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnesium sulfate reduces the rocuronium dose needed for satisfactory double lumen tube placement conditions in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Fei Shoujun , Xia Hengfu , Chen Xiaowei , Pang Dazhi , Xu Xuebing
Published: October 2019

Background: Using a minimum dose of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) to achieve intubation condition is one of the goals in anaesthesia management of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) for thoracoscopic (VATS) thymectomy. However, tracheal intubation with double lumen tube (DLT) could be challenging if intubation condition is not optimal. This double-blind randomised controlled study was designed to investigate whether magnesium sulfate would reduce the rocuronium dose needed for DLT intubation and improve the DLT placement condition for patients with MG who were scheduled for video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) thymectomy.
Methods: Recruited patients were randomly assigned to receive magnesium sulfate 60mg.kg -1 or normal saline (control) prior to the administration of NMB. Titrating dose of rocuronium was administered to achieve train of four (TOF) ratio less than 10% before DLT intubation. The primary outcome was the rocuronium dose required to achieve TOF ratio less than 10%. The secondary outcome was intubation condition for DLT placement.
Results: Twenty-three patients had received magnesium sulfate and 22 patients had received normal saline before rocuronium administration. The required rocuronium dose[mean (standard deviation)] were 0.10 (0.05) mg.kg -1 and 0.28(0.17) mg.kg -1 in patients who had magnesium sulfate and normal saline respectively( P <0.0001). With a similar depth of neuromuscular blockade and depth of anaesthesia, 100% of patients in the magnesium sulfate group and 72.7% of patients in the control group showed excellent intubation condition ( P = 0.027) respectively. The patients in both groups had similar emergence characteristics.
Conclusions: Magnesium sulfate is associated with a decrease in rocuronium requirement for an optimal DLT intubation condition in patients with MG for VATS thymectomy.
Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registry of China (http://www.chictr.org.cn ) identifier：ChiCTR-1800017696, retrospectively registered on August 10, 2018.
Key words : Magnesium sulfate; double lumen tube; myasthenia gravis; intubation; rocuronium
The DREAM Initiative: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial testing an integrated electronic health record and community health worker intervention to promote weight loss among South Asian patients at risk for diabetes
Authors: Lim Sahnah , Wyatt Laura C , Mammen Shinu , Zanowiak Jennifer M , Mohaimin Sadia , Goldfeld Keith S , Shelley Donna , Gold Heather T , Islam Nadia S
Published: October 2019

Background: Electronic health record (EHR)-based interventions that use registries and alerts can improve chronic disease care in primary care settings. Community health worker (CHW) interventions also have been shown to improve chronic disease outcomes, especially in minority communities. Despite their potential, these two approaches have not been tested together, including in small primary care practice (PCP) settings. This paper presents the protocol of Diabetes Research, Education, and Action for Minorities (DREAM) Initiative, a 5-year randomized controlled trial integrating both EHR and CHW approaches into a network of PCPs in New York City (NYC) in order to support weight loss efforts among South Asian patients at risk for diabetes.

Methods: The DREAM Initiative was funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (National Institutes of Health). A total of 480 individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes will be enrolled into the intervention group, and an equal number will be included in a matched control group. The EHR intervention components include the provision of technical assistance to participating PCPs regarding prediabetes-related registry reports, alerts, and order sets. The CHW intervention components entail group education sessions on diabetes prevention, including weight loss and nutrition. A mixed-methods approach will be used to evaluate the feasibility, adoption, and impact (≥5% weight loss) of the integrated study components. Additionally, a cost effectiveness analysis will be conducted using outcomes, implementation costs, and healthcare claims data to determine the incremental cost per person achieving 5% weight loss.

Discussion: This study will be the first to test the efficacy of an integrated EHR-CHW intervention within an underserved, minority population and in a practical setting via a network of small PCPs in NYC. The study’s implementation is enhanced through cross-sector partnerships, including the local health department, a healthcare payer, and EHR vendors. Through use of a software platform, the study will also systematically track and monitor CHW referrals to social service organizations. Study findings, including those resulting from cost-effectiveness analyses, will have important implications for translating similar strategies to other minority communities in sustainable ways.
Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in three ecological regions of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Mohan Krishna , Sun Sunjuri Zhi Yu , Limbu Ben , Poudel Manish , Khanal Shankar Prasad , Pradhan Bandana , Shrestha Mangala
Published: October 2019

Background: Visual impairment and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. The study aims to explore is the prevalence and causes of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness across three ecological regions of Nepal. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts covering all ecological regions of Nepal. Intensive training for health workers was provided to conduct door-to-door visits for visual acuity testing using Snellen chart and refer the abnormal cases for comprehensive ocular examination by technicians and ophthalmologists to diagnose and treat ocular morbidities. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Stata software. Results: Altogether 5234 participants were enrolled in the study. The overall prevalence of moderate to severe visual impairment was 9.5% (4.7% in the Mountain district, 11.2% in the Hill district and 21.2% in the Tarai district), though the prevalence of MSVI was 1.5% in participants aged 15-49 years and 25.1% in those aged ≥50. The overall prevalence of blindness was 0.9%, and the prevalence of blindness in the 15-49 and ≥50 age groups was 0.2% and 2.3% respectively. Most cases of visual impairment and blindness (95.5%) were an avoidable cause, of which 93.7% were treatable and 1.8% were preventable. Overall, cataract was the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness (53.5%), followed by uncorrected refractive error (39.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness varied significantly with age, ethnicity and locality. The correction of refractive error and cataract surgery would reduce nine in ten cases of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness. Key words: Epidemiology, Public health, visual, Optic and refraction
Comparison of anterior segment changes after femtosecond laser LASIK and SMILE using a dual rotating Scheimpflug analyzer
Authors: Kim Bu Ki , Mun Su Joung , Yang Young Hoon , Kim Ji Sun , Moon Jun Hyung , Chung Young Taek
Published: October 2019

Background: To compare the changes in the anterior segment after femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) using a dual rotating Scheimpflug (DRS) analyzer (Galilei®; Ziemer Ophthalmology, Port, Switzerland).Methods: A total of 218 eyes of 109 patients who underwent FS-LASIK or SMILE for myopic correction were retrospectively studied. Ninety-eight eyes of 49 patients who underwent FS-LASIK were compared to 120 eyes of 60 patients treated with SMILE. A DRS analyzer was used for preoperative and 6-month postoperative anterior segment analyses. Measured variables included the central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior and posterior keratometry (K), anterior and posterior best-fit sphere radius, and maximum posterior elevation (MPE).Results: After the procedure, the amount of CCT decrease was higher in the SMILE group than in the FS-LASIK group, but it was not statistically significant. The MPE was significantly increased after both procedures (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001 in the FS-LASIK and SMILE groups, respectively), with the amount of elevation being higher after FS-LASIK than after SMILE even though it was not statistically significant. And there was a significant change in the steep and average posterior K in the FS-LASIK group (p = 0.006 and 0.001, respectively), but not in the SMILE group.Conclusions: Regarding changes in the MPE and posterior K, changes in the posterior corneal surface were greater after FS-LASIK than after SMILE.
Intensive Phase Treatment Outcome and Associated Factors among Patients Treated for Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Molie Teklu , Teklemariam Zelalem , Klinkenberg Eveline , Dessie Yadeta , Kumsa Andargachew , Mohammed Hussen , Debebe Adisalem , Assefa Dawit , Habte Abebe , Bedru Ahmed , Fiseha Daniel , Seyoum Berhanu
Published: October 2019

Background : Multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to at least Rifampicin and Isoniazid drugs. The treatment success rate for MDR-TB cases is lower than for drug susceptible TB. Globally only 55% of MDR-TB patients were successfully treated. Monitoring the early treatment outcome and better understanding of the specific reasons for early unfavorable and unknown treatment outcome is crucial for preventing the emergence of further drug-resistant tuberculosis. However, this information is scarce in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the intensive phase treatment outcome and contributing factors among patients treated for MDR-TB in Ethiopia.

Methods : A 6 year retrospective cohort record review was conducted in fourteen TICs all over the country. The records of 751 MDR-TB patients were randomly selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested and structured checklist. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression was undertaken to identify the contributing factors.

Results: At the end of the intensive phase, 17.3% of MDR-TB patients had an unfavorable treatment outcome, while 16.8% had an unknown outcome with the remaining having a favorable outcome. The median duration of the intensive phase was 9.0 months (IQR 8.04-10.54). Having an unfavorable intensive phase treatment outcome was found significantly more common among older age [ARRR= 1.047, 95% CI (1.024, 1.072)] and those without a history of hypokalemia [ARRR=0.512, 95% CI (0.280, 0.939)]. Having an unknown intensive phase treatment outcome was found to be more common among those treated under the ambulatory care [ARRR=3.2, 95% CI (1.6, 6.2)], rural dwellers [ARRR= 0.370, 95% CI (0.199, 0.66)], those without a treatment supporter [ARRR=0.022, 95% CI (0.002, 0.231)], and those with resistance to a limited number of drugs.

Conclusion: We observed a higher rate of unfavorable and unknown treatment outcome in this study. To improve favorable treatment outcome more emphasis should be given to conducting all scheduled laboratory monitoring tests, assignment of treatment supporters for each patient and ensuring complete recording and reporting which could be enhanced by quarterly cohort review. Older aged and rural patients need special attention. The sample referral network should be strengthened.
Cross-resistance of the pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata to fungicides with different modes of action
Authors: Yang Li-Na , He Meng-Han , Ouyang Hai-Bing , Zhu Wen , Pan Zhe-Chao , Sui Qi-Jun , Shang Li-Ping , Zhan Jiasui
Published: October 2019

Background: Cross-resistance, a phenomenon that a pathogen resists to one antimicrobial compound also resists to one or several other compounds, is one of major threats to human health and sustainable food production. It usually occurs among antimicrobial compounds sharing the mode of action. In this study, we determined the sensitivity profiles of Alternaria alternata , a fungal pathogen which can cause diseases in many crops to two fungicides (mancozeb and difenoconazole) with different mode of action using a large number of isolates (234) collected from seven potato fields across China. Results: We found that pathogens could also develop cross resistance to fungicides with different modes of action as indicated by a strong positive correlation between mancozeb and difenoconazole tolerances to A. alternata . We also found a positive association between mancozeb tolerance and aggressiveness of A. alternata , suggesting no fitness penalty of developing mancozeb resistance in the pathogen and hypothesize that mechanisms such as antimicrobial compound efflux and detoxification that limit intercellular accumulation of natural/synthetic chemicals in pathogens might account for the cross-resistance and the positive association between pathogen aggressiveness and mancozeb tolerance. Conclusions: The detection of cross-resistance among different classes of fungicides suggests that the mode of action alone may not be an adequate sole criterion to determine what components to use in the mixture and/or rotation of fungicides in agricultural and medical sects. Similarly, the observation of a positive association between the pathogen’s aggressiveness and tolerance to mancozeb suggests that intensive application of site non-specific fungicides might simultaneously lead to reduced fungicide resistance and enhanced ability to cause diseases in pathogen populations, thereby posing a greater threat to agricultural production and human health. In this case, the use of evolutionary principles in closely monitoring populations and the use of appropriate fungicide applications are important for effective use of the fungicides and durable infectious disease management.
Missense mutations in a transmembrane domain of the Komagataeibacter xylinus BcsA lead to changes in cellulose synthesis
Authors: Salgado Luis , Blank Silvia , Esfahani Reza Alipour Moghadam , Strap Janice L. , Bonetta Dario
Published: October 2019

Background Cellulose is synthesized by an array of bacterial species. Komagataeibacter xylinus is the best characterized as it produces copious amounts of the polymer extracellularly. Despite many advances in the past decade, the mechanisms underlying cellulose biosynthesis are not completely understood. Elucidation of these mechanisms is essential for efficient cellulose production in industrial applications. Results In an effort to gain a better understanding of cellulose biosynthesis and its regulation, cellulose crystallization was investigated in K. xylinus mutants resistant to an inhibitor of cellulose I formation, pellicin. Through the use of forward genetics and site-directed mutagenesis, A449T and A449V mutations in the K. xylinus BcsA protein were found to be important for conferring high levels of pellicin resistance. Phenotypic analysis of the bcsAA449T and bcsAA449V cultures revealed that the mutations affect cellulose synthesis rates and that cellulose crystallinity is affected in wet pellicles but not dry ones. Conclusions A449 is located in a predicted transmembrane domain of the BcsA protein suggesting that the structure of the transmembrane domain influences cellulose crystallization either by affecting the translocation of the nascent glucan chain or by allosterically altering protein-protein interactions.
Candidal vulvovaginitis in girls: clotrimazole as the drug of choice
Authors: Dzhangishieva A. K. , Khashchenko E. P. , Uvarova E. V.
Published: October 2019

The article presents the results of a study on the effectiveness of using clotrimazole 2% to treat candidal vulvovaginitis in girls. The use of a clotrimazole 2% cream treatment regimen, (100 mg), intravaginally once daily in girls with candidal vulvovaginitis is justified and highly effective. The absence of side effects while taking clotrimazole increases the commitment to this type of therapy.
Genitourinary menopausal syndrome: diagnosis and treatment principles
Authors: Ermakova E. I.
Published: October 2019

Aim: Presentation of basic clinical scientific data based on modern evidence of anatomical and physiological changes in the urogenital tract in periand postmenopause and the principles of management of women with genitourinary menopausal syndrome.

Material and methods: The review of domestic and foreign sources devoted to prevalence, modern diagnostics and methods of vaginal atrophy treatment was carried out.

Results: the present article contains modern terminology, data on etiopathogenesis, clinic, diagnostics and treatment methods of VVA, clinical examples.
Alternative therapies for menopausal disorders
Authors: Yakushevskaya O. V.
Published: October 2019

A woman’s life can be theoretically divided into certain periods: children’s, adolescent, reproductive and ageing. The latter is also called menopause. Everything related to ageing is usually associated with negative expectations and a pessimistic disposition. But if it is remembered, the word «climax» comes from the Greek language, meaning «staircase». Thus, menopause presents a culmination of a «female career». Each period is marked by its physiological characteristics, and menopause is no exception. The completion of the reproductive system functioning is often accompanied by the formation of a number of estrogen-deficient conditions. The latest modern insights, ranging from hormonal substances to alternative compounds, can effectively solve the problems of menopause.
Experience with sertaconazole in pregnant women with vulvo-vaginal candidiasis
Authors: Gasparyan S. A. , Khazhbiev A. A. , Ryzhkov V. V.
Published: October 2019

Objective. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of sertaconazole in the treatment of acute vulvo-vaginal candidiasis (VVC) in pregnant women with caesarean section. Subject and methods. The study included 136 pregnant women. In the treatment, 1 candle of sertaconazole 300 mg once was used. Efficacy was evaluated after 7 and 28 days. Results. At 74.0% of pregnant women identified VVK. After treatment with sertaconazole, positive dynamics was observed in 91.9% of patients, in whom clinical manifestations of the disease disappeared by the third day. Culture testing revealed a normalization of the vaginal biotope at 97.1% of pregnant women. Our experience has shown the effectiveness of the drug, the absence of adverse events and good compliance due to the ease of use and rapid achievement of the therapeutic effect in pregnant women throughout pregnancy.
Genital warts. Official statistics, clinical manifestations and effectiveness of therapy
Authors: Olina A. A. , Shirinkina E. V. , Meteleva N. A. , Shevlyukova T. P.
Published: October 2019

Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) is one of the most common infections today. Young women have a high risk of infection with HPV. The contagiosity of the virus reaches 80%. HPV is a cause of cervical cancer. Genital warts is one of the most common clinical manifestations of HPV, the incidence is 120–150 per 100,000 population. The aim of the study was to assess the degree of incidence of vulvar and vaginal warts, according to the official statistical forms and clinical practice. The statistical forms do not give an accurate account of the incidence of HPV due to the characteristics of reporting. According to clinical observation, signs of HPV were detected in 23,3% of female students, who underwent periodic medical examinations, and in 10,1% of patients, who addressed complaints to the gynecologist. Inosine pranobex is the most studied systemic immunomodulator used to eliminate HPV. The non-intervention open-site single-center study showed that the effectiveness of monotherapy acounted for 66,9%, which categorized inosine pranobex as a first-line drug.
Duodenogastric refluх: a look at the problem in terms of carcinogenesis
Authors: Galeeva Z. M. , Toukhbatullina R. G. , Gaisina A. I.
Published: October 2019

The role of duodenogastric reflux (DGR) in malignant degeneration of the gastric mucosa. It was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to p53, PCNA, CD10, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, CD31 and the polymerase chain reaction to detect CDX1, CDX2, FXR genes. The main carcinogenic components of bile are lysolecithin and conjugated bile acids. Biliary reflux increases the risk of malignant tumors in combination with Helicobacter pylori. DGR is one of the etiological factors for gastric cancer, so it determines the necessity for detailed diagnosis in clinical practice.
Treatment Options for Patients with Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)
Authors: Seliverstov P. V. , Skvortsova T. E. , Sitkin S. I. , Radchenko V. G.
Published: October 2019

According to the Recommendations of the Scientific society of gastroenterologists of Russia for the diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis (GI), GI is a multifactorial disease of the hepatobiliary system and one of the most common diseases of the digestive system. It is known that in the vast majority of cases, GI develops as a result of the complex influence of many risk factors. Thus, the change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of bile, as well as a history of gastrectomy, papillosphincterotomy, the right-hand hemicolectomy, cholesterosis gall bladder, chronic hepatitis, peptic ulcer of the duodenum, duodenostasis contributes to the reduction of the contractile function of the gallbladder and the development of hypertonicity of the sphincter of Oddi. Current understanding of mechanisms of formation of gallstones is based on many studies, which proved that the GSD is a result of destabilized bile-damaged hepatocytes, the subsequent nucleation of crystals of monohydrate of cholesterol crystallization in the mucin matrix on the background of hypomotor dysfunction of the gall bladder. After anamnesis and General clinical examination, the main diagnostic method for suspected gastrointestinal tract is ultrasound (ultrasound). However, differentiation of stone types by ultrasound is generally not possible. The most modern diagnostic method is CT with an assessment of the density of stones on the Hounsfield scale. Today, it is common to distinguish three main types of gallstones found in humans: cholesterol, black and brown pigment stones. Methods of treatment of gastrointestinal tract can be divided into invasive or surgical, minimally invasive and non-invasive. Recommending a patient with gastrointestinal surgery, you should always remember that surgical treatment is the elimination of the consequences of cholelithiasis, and not the treatment of its essence. So, after the successful application of udhc in the early 80-ies of the last century for the dissolution of gallstones, drug litholysis, opened a new era in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract and reduced the amount of indications for surgical treatment.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the drug Samelix in patients with cholestasis in chronic alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Minushkin O. N. , Maslovsky L. V. , Bulanova M. I. , Shaposhnikovа O. F.
Published: October 2019

A study of the clinical efficacy and safety of the drug Samelix (ademetionine, manufacturer – JSC «Canonfarma production», Russia) in 30 patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease (steatohepatitis mild to moderate currents, cirrhosis of the liver grade a ChildPugh) with the syndrome of cholestasis. Purpose of the study: evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Samelix (ademetionine) in 30 patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease. Objectives of the study: evaluate the effect of the drug on biochemical parameters, evaluate the effect of the drug on the clinical manifestation of the disease based on the individual diary data during the course therapy, assess the quality of life through the SF-36 questionnaire before and after treatment; report adverse events. The results of the study showed that therapy with this drug leads to a significant positive dynamics of biochemical parameters, regression of clinical manifestations of the disease, a significant increase in the quality of life. Good and excellent results of therapy were observed in 76.7% of cases. The drug is safe and well tolerated.
Clinical experience with the use of the intestinal antibiotic Rifaximin for celiac disease
Authors: Оrеshkо L. S. , Semenova E. A.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to new possibilities in the treatment of hereditary intestinal diseases, accompanied by a decrease in kinetic activity or the absence of enteric enzymes, including celiac disease. Despite strict adherence to the elimination diet, some patients develop IBS-like symptoms, which may be caused by a violation of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora. Dysbiotic disorders play a role in the pathogenesis of the appearance of IBS-like symptoms and complicate the course of celiac disease, which requires the use of antibacterial drugs. The presence of side effects when using systemic antibacterial drugs limits their use. In this regard, the search for ways to correct the intestinal microflora, as well as the study of various approaches to maintaining the intestinal microecology in a state of physiological equilibrium in patients with celiac disease, are relevant for medical science. The article presents a clinical example of the successful and safe use of a drug with low absorption, high antibacterial activity – rifaximin in a patient with celiac disease to correct dysbiotic disorders.
Lipid Nanoparticles and Active Natural Compounds: A Perfect Combination for Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Puglia Carmelo , Pignatello Rosario , Fuochi Virginia , Furneri Pio Maria , Lauro Maria Rosaria , Santonocito Debora , Cortesi Rita , Esposito Elisabetta
Published: October 2019

Phytochemicals represent an important class of bioactive compounds characterized by significant health benefits. Notwithstanding these important features, their potential therapeutic properties suffer from poor water solubility and membrane permeability limiting their approach to nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Lipid nanoparticles are well known carrier systems endowed with high biodegradation and an extraordinary biocompatible chemical nature, successfully used as platform for advanced delivery of many active compounds, including the oral, topical and systemic routes. This article is aimed at reviewing the last ten years of studies about the application of lipid nanoparticles in active natural compounds reporting examples and advantages of these colloidal carrier systems.
Biocompatible Polymers and their Potential Biomedical Applications: A Review
Authors: Arif Uzma , Haider Sajjad , Haider Adnan , Khan Naeem , Alghyamah Abdulaziz A. , Jamila Nargis , Khan Muhammad Imran , Almasry Waheed A. , Kang Inn-Kyu
Published: October 2019

Background:

Biocompatible polymers are gaining great interest in the field of biomedical applications.
The term biocompatibility refers to the suitability of a polymer to body and body fluids exposure. Biocompatible
polymers are both synthetic (man-made) and natural and aid in the close vicinity of a living system or work in
intimacy with living cells. These are used to gauge, treat, boost, or substitute any tissue, organ or function of the
body. A biocompatible polymer improves body functions without altering its normal functioning and triggering
allergies or other side effects. It encompasses advances in tissue culture, tissue scaffolds, implantation, artificial
grafts, wound fabrication, controlled drug delivery, bone filler material, etc.

Objectives:

This review provides an insight into the remarkable contribution made by some well-known biopolymers
such as polylactic-co-glycolic acid, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polyLactic Acid, poly(3-
hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), Chitosan and Cellulose in the therapeutic measure for many
biomedical applications.

Methods: :

Various techniques and methods have made biopolymers more significant in the biomedical fields such
as augmentation (replaced petroleum based polymers), film processing, injection modeling, blow molding techniques,
controlled / implantable drug delivery devices, biological grafting, nano technology, tissue engineering
etc.

Results:

The fore mentioned techniques and other advanced techniques have resulted in improved biocompatibility,
nontoxicity, renewability, mild processing conditions, health condition, reduced immunological reactions and
minimized side effects that would occur if synthetic polymers are used in a host cell.

Conclusion:

Biopolymers have brought effective and attainable targets in pharmaceutics and therapeutics. There
are huge numbers of biopolymers reported in the literature that has been used effectively and extensively.
Genistein Decreases APP/tau Phosphorylation and Ameliorates Aβ Overproduction Through Inhibiting CIP2A
Authors: Shentu Yang-Ping , Hu Wen-Ting , Liang Jia-Wei , Liuyang Zhen-Yu , Wei Hui , Qun Wang , Wang Xiao-Chuan , Wang Jian-Zhi , Westermarck Jukka , Liu Rong
Published: October 2019

Background:

Upregulation of Cancerous Inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) plays an important role
in disease-related phosphorylation of tau/APP and tau pathology/Aβ overproduction through inhibiting
PP2A in AD brain. Genistein has been shown to potently reduce CIP2A in experimental cancer treatment
research. Whether Genistein can ameliorate AD pathology through targeting CIP2A needs further investigation.

Methods:

The inhibitory effects of Genistein on tau/APP phosphorylation and Aβ overproduction in AD
cell models have been explored. HEK293-T cells were co-transfected with CIP2A and APP plasmids, or
CIP2A and tau plasmids, with Genistein incubation at 0, 30, 60 or 120 µM for 48 h, cell viability and
PP2A activities were measured. HEK293-T cells with CIP2A/APP overexpression treated with Genistein
at 30 µM for 48 h were collected and lyzed for Western blotting detection of CIP2A, PP2Ac, APP-T668,
total APP, PS1, BACE1, sAPPα and sAPPβ. Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in cell supernatant, soluble fraction
(RIPA) and insoluble fraction (formic acid soluble) of cell lysates were measured by ELISA. HEK293-T
cells with CIP2A/tau overexpression treated with Genistein at 30 µM for 48 h were collected for Western
blotting detection of CIP2A, PP2Ac, tau-S396, tau-S404 and total tau.

Conclusion:

CIP2A is a target of Genistein in AD therapy. Genistein reduces APP/tau hyperphosphorylation
and Aβ production through inhibiting the effect of CIP2A on PP2A.

Results:

Genistein effectively reduced CIP2A expression, and restored PP2A activities both in
CIP2A/APP, CIP2A/tau co-expressed cells. Genistein reduced APP phosphorylation at T668 site and
inhibited Aβ production. Meantime, Genistein ameliorated tau hyperphosphorylation through repressing
the inhibitory effect of CIP2A on PP2A.
Enhanced Mseec Routing Protocol Involving Tabu Search with Static and Mobile Nodes in Wsns
Authors: Sahni Varsha , Bala Manju , Kumar Manoj
Published: October 2019

Background:

Background of this paper has taken place in mainly heterogeneous network
in which three types of nodes are present like normal node, advance node and super node with different
amount of energy. The energy of super node is greater than that of advance and normal nodes
and the energy of advance nodes are also greater than that of normal nodes in the designed network.
The optimization techniques have to be studied from the swarm intelligence based on the different
aspects of routing.

Objective:

The objective of this paper is to propose a new heterogeneous protocol with the help of
hybrid meta-heuristic technique. In this technique, the shortest route has been selected and forwarded
the data to the sink in a minimal time span to save the energy and make the network more stable.

Methods:

To evaluate the technique, a new hybrid technique has been created, where the data
transmission is implemented from the beginning. This technique contains the route process of the
algorithm which was made available through a hybrid meta-heuristic technique.

Results:

Simulation results show that the hybrid meta-heuristic technique has high throughput with
less number of dead nodes with existing methods and also show that the efficiency and stability of
new proposed protocol.

Conclusion:

The conclusion to this paper is a novel, energy-efficient technique applied for randomly
deployed sensor nodes over the wireless sensor network and enhancement has been done in stability
and throughput of a new proposed algorithm in case of static as well as moving nodes.
Penerapan Metode STAD Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Matematika
Authors: Listyati Dwi Ari
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Students Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar Matematika. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK), dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas VIIA SMP Negeri 4 Kalasan yang terdiri atas 14 siswa putra dan 18 siswa putri, pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus tindakan. Hasil penelitian tentang aktivitas belajar diperoleh dari hasil observasi selama kegiatan pembelajaran Matematika dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan angket aktivitas siswa. Hasil penelitian tentang hasil belajar yang diperoleh melalui tes menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Students Team Achivement Divisions (STAD) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas VIIA SMP Negeri 4 Kalasan. Hal itu ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan hasil rata-rata persentase lembar observasi aktivitas belajar siswa, yaitu sebesar 11,25%. Hasil dari angket aktivitas siswa juga meningkat, yaitu sebesar 7,1%. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa ditunjukkan dari perbandingan hasil pretes dan postes pada setiap siklus. Peningkatan rata-rata hasil tes materi Aljabar (siklus 1) sebesar 13,8. Sedangkan peningkatan rata-rata hasil tes materi Geometri (siklus 2) sebesar 26,3. Dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran tipe STAD dibutuhkan perencanaan, pensosialisasian, dan pengelolaan waktu yang baik. Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam pembelajaran Matematika.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Huruf Jawa Legena Melalui Media Komputer Siakna Bagi Tunagrahita Ringan
Authors: Winoto Bekti
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan membaca huruf Jawa “legena” melalui media komputer “SIAKNA” bagi siswa tunagrahita ringan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas VII B SMPLB SLB Negeri 1 Yogyakarta tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas  dengan desain penelitian Suharsimi Arikunto. Subjek penelitian adalah 3 peserta didik. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 siklus. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan penyajian data dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan media komputer SIAKNA dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca huruf Jawa legena dengan prosentase 95%. Kesimpulannya penggunaan media komputer “SIAKNA” dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca huruf Jawa legena siswa kelas VII B SLB Negeri 1 Yogyakarta.
Neuropsicología organizacional: nueva perspectiva en la gestión del talento humano
Authors: Guardado López Guardado López
Published: October 2019

En la actualidad, los avances científicos y la influencia teórica como práctica de las neurociencias para las ciencias del comportamiento son indiscutibles, por tanto es importante redimensionar al ser humano y al trabajador en las organizaciones. Por décadas, en la literatura de la ciencia de la administración, específicamente en el área de recursos humanos, ha prevalecido el paradigma ambientalista con respecto al comportamiento del trabajador. Sin embargo, como fue señalado, las neurociencias y el avance de otras ciencias como la neuropsicología, exigen al administrador y a las personas que gestionan trabajadores en las organizaciones —incluso desde el proceso de selección— replantearse los paradigmas que se han conformado en torno a la productividad, la motivación, la toma de decisiones y el comportamiento de los empleados. El presente artículo exhibe sólidos sustentos científicos que permitirán refutar la visión ambientalista del trabajador que ha prevalecido en el área de recursos humanos. Además, hará posible entender a la persona y al trabajador como un ser en el que confluyen tres esferas: la biológica, la psicológica y la cultural. Lo antes planteado es de utilidad para los gerentes, pues les ayuda a entender y comprender los cimientos de las llamadas competencias laborales.
El emprendedor dominicano: identificación de sus rasgos de personalidad y competencias por medio de análisis de contenidos
Authors: Barrero Rivera Fernando , Moreno Eric , Villamizar Fernández Javier
Published: October 2019

El propósito de esta investigación es identificar los rasgos de personalidad y las competencias de un grupo de emprendedores dominicanos, de manera que el ecosistema emprendedor, incluyendo la población de empresarios, estudiantes, nuevos emprendedores, el gobierno, el sector académico y las ONG involucradas, generen espacios y sistemas que fortalezcan las competencias emprendedoras y el entorno emprendedor, en función de mejorar la calidad de vida poblacional, así como contribuir a la sostenibilidad social y económica de la nación. El estudio se centra en mostrar los resultados de la información recopilada por estudiantes del MBA de Barna Management School, donde se caracteriza a una muestra de emprendedores dominicanos por medio del análisis de contenidos. Los resultados señalan que los dos rasgos de personalidad comunes entre los emprendedores consultados son la pasión y la aceptación del riesgo, los cuales son determinantes en el actuar de todo el que emprende. Como competencias relevantes se encuentran las involucradas en la “Orientación Emprendedora”, más específicamente, la creatividad (incluye la generación de ideas) y la percepción de oportunidades (proactividad).
Comments of the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on Proposed Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS), Audit Evidence
Authors: Brown Veena Looknanan , Dickins Denise , Hermanson Dana R. , Higgs Julia L. , Jenkins J. Gregory , Nolder Christine , Schaefer Tammie J. , Smith Kecia Williams
Published: October 2019

On June 20, 2019, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Auditing Standards Board (the Board or ASB) issued a request for comment on its Exposure Draft, Proposed Statement on Auditing Standards, Audit Evidence. Enhancements in the proposed SAS include the use of emerging technologies by both preparers and auditors, audit data analytics, the application of professional skepticism, and the expanding use of external information sources as audit evidence. The comment period ended on September 18, 2019. This commentary summarizes the participating committee members' views on selected questions posed by the ASB. Questions not addressed by the committee are listed at the end of this manuscript.

Data Availability: Proposed Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS), Audit Evidence, including questions for respondents, is available at: https://www.aicpa.org/content/dam/aicpa/research/exposuredrafts/accountingandauditing/downloadabledocuments/20190620a/20190620a-ed-sas-audit-evidence.pdf
Política social, desarrollo territorial o trampa de pobreza: Caso Mártir de Cuilapan, Guerrero
Authors: Sánchez Ignacio Iván , Tello Almaguer Pedro Vidal
Published: October 2019

La política social es un mecanismo cuyo propósito es establecer o crear condiciones de equidad social, promoviendo el ejercicio de los derechos sociales y la incorporación de los beneficiarios a un modelo de desarrollo basado en el emprendimiento. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar si el gasto público ejercido en Mártir de Cuilapan, Guerrero, en el marco de la Cruzada Nacional contra el Hambre (CNCH), cumplió con la finalidad de desarrollar y fortalecer las principales ramas económicas del municipio. Para ello se revisaron planteamientos teóricos en torno a la política social, sustentabilidad, territorio, territorialización y trampa de pobreza, conceptos básicos para el análisis de la política social. Asimismo, se recopiló información a través de entrevistas estructuradas y semiestructuradas; y bases de datos de los beneficiarios de dependencias federales, así como información del censo económico 2014 de Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (Inegi).

Como resultado de las entrevistas y la elaboración de la tipología de las actividades económicas del municipio, se observa que el impacto del gasto público realizado en el marco de la CNCH no fue el esperado: La mayoría de los sectores económicos del municipio son parte del sector no básico de la economía, tienen una posición no dinámica y no tienen un desempeño competitivo; solo los sectores económicos 31-32, referentes a industrias manufactureras, son parte del sector básico de la economía. Por lo tanto, la mayoría de los sectores económicos tienen una posición dinámica y un desempeño no competitivo. El mayor gasto público se orientó a las comunidades rurales de la localidad, y los resultados obtenidos muestran que el territorio y su realidad son elementos que imponen la necesidad de repensar los enfoques de la política social.
Instrumento certificador de tecnologías de la información y comunicación y tecnologías del aprendizaje y el conocimiento para docentes universitarios
Authors: González Jaimes Elvira Ivone , López Chau Asdrubal , Trujillo Mora Valentín , Bautista López Jorge
Published: October 2019

Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación cuyo objetivo consistió en la elaboración de un instrumento innovador, ágil, veraz y confiable para evaluar y certificar al personal académico universitario. Un instrumento capaz de detectar cuatro niveles de conocimientos y uso en tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) y tecnologías del aprendizaje y el conocimiento (TAC).

Se trató de un estudio cuasiexperimental dividido en tres fases: a) elaboración de la prueba con diseño mixto transformativo secuencial; b) evaluación de la prueba con diseño mixto secuencial, y c) sistematización con App Ionic 3.

            Una vez realizados los análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos, el instrumento resultó versátil y transferible en 1) selección y contratación de personal, 2) identificar el nivel conocimientos que tiene el personal, 3) crear programas y/o cursos que refuerce o cree nuevas habilidades en TIC y TAC, 4) categorizar al personal de acuerdo su nivel de conocimientos, 5) promocionar al personal para adquirir beneficios o prestaciones laborales, 6) evidenciar el nivel que tiene los académicos en la evaluación que realizan los organismos acreditadores y 7) constancia curricular de posesión de nivel de conocimiento y uso en TIC y TAC en área académica.

Dicha prueba puede ser aplicable de forma individual o colectiva y obtener calificaciones a través de un método manual, por lo que se anexa una guía de usuario, o electrónico, para lo cual se requiere solicitar la página web a los autores.
Relación entre el no cumplimiento de las normas de atención del parto culturalmente adecuado y las complicaciones materno–neonatales
Authors: Quinaluisa Mercedes , Rosero Mercy
Published: October 2019

La Guía de Atención de Parto Culturalmente adecuado es una herramienta de seguimiento de maternidades de corta estancia en el primer nivel. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 92 casos de maternidad y 25 miembros del personal de salud de enero a febrero de 2016. Se realizaron encuestas con 121 variables para los análisis y se construyeron las puntuaciones porcentuales para: comprensión, aceptación, aplicación del estándar y calidad en registros médicos. Por lista de veri cación se evaluaron las unidades de trabajo de infraestructura y equipo, entrega y recuperación.

El personal conoce reglas y protocolos en un 73%, según la aplicación de la norma que fue del 83% (de acuerdo a los registros médicos). Las complicaciones en el parto, para las madres fueron: anemia (36%), desgarro vaginal de primer grado (21%), hipotonía uterina (15%); en recién nacidos: presentación compuesta (32%), circular de cordón (25%), líquido meconial leve (12%). En cuanto a la unidad de trabajo, infraestructura y equipo, entrega y recuperación, estuvo equipado en un 46% y 37% de infraestructura en relación con el estándar. Había un conocimiento regular sobre la base legal de las regulaciones (38%), y el cumplimiento no se alcanzó lo recomendado (90%). Cuando no se aplicó la regla porque generaba incomodidad al que asistía al parto y no tenía habilidades para ello, así como al evaluar la satisfacción del usuario, se observó que la mitad del personal implementaba parcialmente las disposiciones.

Por análisis bivariado identi có que no hubo relación entre la aplicación de las reglas y las complicaciones materno-neonatales, tampoco hubo asociación estadísticamente signi cativa entre la calidad percibida cuando se presentaron complicaciones neonatales pero si hubo percepción de calidad asociada a complicaciones ma- ternas. La unidad de evaluación Carapungo II, mostró los factores que in uyeron en su incumplimiento y las complicaciones maternas y neonatales.
Monitoreo epidemiológico con hisopados rectales de rutina para control de un brote de bacterias multirresistentes en la unidad de terapia intensiva del Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Quito-Ecuador.
Authors: Vélez Jorge , Bucheli R , Montalvo MP , Gallardo F , Vélez P , Escobar P
Published: October 2019

La resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos es un problema creciente, de alto impacto mundial. Su presencia se relaciona con alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Por ésta razón su vigilancia epidemiológica y todas las medidas sanitarias instauradas para frenar su avance son absolutamente necesarias.Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en los pacientes ingresados a la unidad de terapia intensiva del Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez de Quito en los meses de febrero a agosto de 2016, para valorar el rendimiento de los hisopados rectales cómo herramienta de detección de enterobacterias multirresistentes, y en base a ello, en una segunda fase, adopción de tres medidas: a. capacitación y vigilancia del cumplimiento estricto de lavado de manos y medidas de aislamiento universal. b. cambios en la política de administración de antibióticos (restricción de prescripción libre de carbapenémicos/ uoroquinolonas) y c. cierre de la unidad para desinfección terminal con hipoclorito de sodio.El seguimiento se hizo por semanas epidemiológicas, los hisopados rectales fueron tomados al ingreso del paciente y todos los días lunes. Hubo positividad para enterobacterias multirresistentes en algunas muestras, siendo el aislamiento más frecuente Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de KPC. De los aislamientos positivos para colonización por bacterias multirresistentes, el 75% evolucionó a infección y de ellos el 22% falleció. Luego de las medidas tomadas, se ha logrado negativizar la presencia de éstas bacterias en los hisopados rectales.
Microlitiasis testicular múltiple bilateral asociado a hidrocele izquierdo en un joven de 26 años de edad. Informe de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Ochoa Andrade Miguel , Molina Sarabia Alex , Miranda Suárez Kevin , López Briones Diego , López Jácome Ricardo , Morales Vela Gustavo
Published: October 2019

La microlitiasis testicular (MT) es una patología usualmente diagnosticada de forma incidental; en el país no existen reportes de esta entidad en adultos. La bibliografía informa mayor incidencia en individuos de raza negra, sin precisar la etiología; se asocia a subfertilidad e infertilidad. Es controversial su relación con neoplasias testiculares. Se presenta un caso clínico, se describe diferentes asociaciones clínicas y se plantea una posible conducta terapéutica ante esta enfermedad.