bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disinformation in the Post-Truth Era: Epistemological Constructs, Social Contagion, and the Role of the iField
Authors: Urs Shalini R.
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the “post-truth era” focusing on fake news and disinformation, emphasising their role in undermining the foundational principles of science and society. It begins by distinguishing misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation, setting the stage for a theoretical framework that conceptualises disinformation through the lens of the Indian epistemological concept of Pramāṇa, Floridi’s Philosophy of Information, and Aristotle’s Theory of Deviance. Additionally, the paper posits that contagion theories, such as those by Le Bon and others, help explain the spread of disinformation in an era dominated by social networks, making a case for Social Network Analysis as a valuable tool. Practical strategies and tools to combat falsehoods are also offered. Finally, it argues that the field of information studies (iField) must address this crisis by incorporating relevant content into its curriculum and education.
Responsible AI Growth with Safety: Exploring Global and National Policy Discourse
Authors: Chaturvedi Sachin , Kumar Amit
Published: October 2024

The extremely complex landscape of responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) requires a multifaceted and integrated approach. That a framework for responsible AI cannot work in isolation and will require collaborations at the global level is emphasized. As AI systems must meet a high degree of safety standards, the importance of evolving safety guidelines in consultation with all the stakeholders is highlighted. Suggests the need for an international body in collaboration with other nations for the development, standardization and use of AI technology. Considering the sensitivity and far-reaching impact of AI across nations which defies borders, it is suggested that the Government of India should collaborate with international agencies and governments of other countries to form a global agency that will act as the primary international body for development, standardization and responsible use of AI.
Characterization of Earthquake Clustering and Swarms in Central New Mexico from 2002–2009 Associated with the Socorro Magma Body
Authors: Aerts Jessica R. , Bilek Susan L.
Published: October 2024

Increased seismicity in central New Mexico is associated with a midcrustal magma body underlying an extensional rift zone, with earthquakes typically occurring in spatially compact clusters with occasional swarms occurring within limited time periods. Seismic swarms are observed in a range of environments and can be indicative of a variety of geophysical processes. To identify the primary geophysical processes governing central New Mexico earthquake clustering and swarming, we first relocated seven years (2002–2009) of earthquakes for the area above the Socorro magma body (SMB). The resulting catalog was used to define spatial–temporal and temporal–magnitude patterns, significant b-values, cluster and swarm variance and planarity, correlation coefficient variations for event pair P waves, and focal mechanisms. Spatial–temporal migration of swarms, typically indicative of aseismic or fluid-driven earthquake sequences, is not observed for the majority of SMB swarms. Other observed seismic characteristics of SMB clusters and swarms suggest complex rupture, as planarity, focal mechanisms, and available b-values are similar to those typically observed in mainshock–aftershock sequences. However, temporal–magnitude patterns, diffusivity rates of 1–10  m2/s, highly correlated waveforms, and swarm durations are indicative of fluid pressure-driven earthquake triggering. Based on these documented cluster and swarm patterns, we suggest complex rupture related to fluid-pressure triggering along pre-existing Rio Grande rift faults.
Stress Drop Variations of (A)Seismic Fault Segments in the Sea of Marmara Region (Northwestern Türkiye) Supported by Different Methodological Approaches
Authors: Chen Xiang , Kwiatek Grzegorz , Bindi Dino , Becker Dirk , Bohnhoff Marco , Cotton Fabrice , Martínez-Garzón Patricia
Published: October 2024

Earthquake source parameters provide key diagnostic observations to quantify the seismogenic environment and understand earthquake physics. Among them, earthquake stress drop plays an essential role in impacting the frequency content of ground motion. Accurate stress-drop estimation is conditioned on data quality, appropriate modeling of propagation effects, and selection of the source model and inversion techniques. One way to evaluate reliability of stress-drop assessments is to compare results combining different methodologies and assumptions. In this study, we calculate earthquake source parameters for micro- to moderate earthquakes in the Sea of Marmara region, northwestern Türkiye, where the Main Marmara fault encompasses a spectrum of slip behaviors from creeping to locked. We apply two approaches: (1) a spectral fitting approach to constrain the corner frequency, seismic moment, and quality factor, and (2) a nonparametric spectral decomposition approach to isolate source spectra from propagation and site effects. We then estimate the earthquake stress drop using a Brune source model. This leads to source parameter estimates for 1577 and 1549 earthquakes with ML (1.0–5.7) for the spectral fitting and spectral decomposition approaches, respectively. Despite the fundamental differences in methodologies, results from both methods are consistent, particularly in highlighting relative differences within the dataset. Small but statistically significant spatial stress-drop variations are observed along different fault segments of the Main Marmara fault. In particular, lower average stress drops are observed in fault segments partially releasing slip aseismically, with the lowest values observed surrounding earthquake repeaters, which may imply a weaker fault in the creeping region. The M ≥ 5 earthquakes along the Main Marmara fault within the last decade were not followed by significant changes in the stress drop, suggesting no significant reduction of fault stress level or fault strength due to their occurrence, supporting the presumably high stress level on this fault.
CHALLENGES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF FEMALE GENITAL TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Thangappah Radha
Published: October 2024

Genital tuberculosis (GTB) is a difficult disease to diagnose. It is nearly always secondary to primary elsewhere in the body and after spread to the genital tract it remains dormant in the latent foci to get reactivated at a later date. During periods of immunosuppression or around the time of puberty when the vascularity of the genital organs increases, the dormant bacilli get reactivated and the clinical features develop 10-15 years after the primary infection. In GTB, significant damage is seen in the fallopian tubes and the endometrium. Clinical diagnosis of GTB is difficult, because it is a disease of absent or few symptoms which are non-specific. A high degree of suspicion aided by intensive investigations is important in the diagnosis of the disease. Except when there are typical features such as tubercles/caseation, laparoscopic findings may be non-specific and the early disease can be easily missed when the infection is still confined to the mucosa. Conventional methods of diagnosis such as HPE, AFB smear and culture have low pick up rates. Molecular studies including GeneXpert show good specificity but, the sensitivity is poor to rule out the disease. As on now, there is no single investigation modality with good sensitivity and specificity available to diagnose GTB. These diagnostic difficulties are encountered both in low resource as well as and in high resource countries.
Evaluation of protective potency of coconut oil-based probiotic against antibiotic-induced compromised gastrointestinal attributes and associated complications in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Kumar Savan , Qadir Abdul
Published: October 2024

Background: Antibiotic-induced gastrointestinal toxicity is a major concern globally. The gut-organ axis has been explicitly studied, and hence, any damage to the gut ecosystem directly or indirectly manifests into compromised multi-organ functions. Therefore, the present study was designed to explore the protective potency of coconut oil-probiotic (C-PRO) against antibiotic-induced compromised gastrointestinal attributes and associated complications.
Methods: Animals were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Normal saline was given to the control group; the antibiotic cocktail was given to the antibiotic group. In the treatment group, low and high doses of C-PRO were given post-antibiotic treatment. In the per se group, only a high dose of C-PRO was given. After 28 days, animals were studied for neurobehavioral parameters and scarified. Blood and organs were collected and stored for histopathological, immune histochemical, and biochemical analysis.
Results: Antibiotic treatment reduced body weight, increased oxidative stress, and caused histopathological damage to the stomach, duodenum, colon, brain, heart, liver, lungs, kidney, spleen, and testis. It also altered biochemical parameters such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), albumin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Additionally, Antibiotic exposure in mice exhibited depressive-like behaviour and declined cognitive function. The treatment with a low dose of C-PROs showed negligible protective effect, whereas a high dose of C-PRO effectively reversed the structural, biochemical, and neurobehavioral attributes toward normal.
Conclusions: We conclude that the synergistic effect of coconut oil and probiotics, which have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, might be responsible for multidimensional protective effects against compromised gastrointestinal attributes and associated complications.
A comparative study of hypolipidemic effect of atorvastatin and Coriandrum sativum in triton-induced hyperlipidemic albino rat model
Authors: M. Pooja , A. Puneeth
Published: October 2024

Background: Hyperlipidemia is the main factor responsible for coronary artery disease. Atorvastatin commonly used, as a competitive inhibitor of HMG-Co-A reductase, is known to reduce LDL and triglyceride levels and increase HDL levels. Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) belongs to the Apiaceae family and has hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. Triton WR1339 has been used by several studies to induce hypercholesterolemia in animals which acts on both the synthesis and excretory phase. This study aimed to compare the hypolipidemic effect of Coriandrum sativum and atorvastatin in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats.
Methods: Following approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics committee, 36 Wistar albino rats were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. Triton 200mg IP was administered to all the groups except Group 1 (control). Groups 3 and 4 received Coriander extract 300mg/kg and Atorvastatin 80mg/kg orally with Triton. Groups 5 and 6 received Coriander extract and Atorvastatin respectively 22 hours later. Lipid profile was estimated 24 hours before, 24 and 48 hours after administering Triton.
Results: In the synthesis phase, there is a statistically significant increase in the lipid levels in Groups 2, 5, and 6 compared to Groups 3 and, 4 indicating hypolipidemic effects of both Coriander extract and Atorvastatin. In the excretory phase, all groups have shown a decrease in lipid levels but a decrease in total cholesterol level in Group 5 compared to Group 3 was significant.
Conclusions: Atorvastatin and Coriander extract both affect the lipid levels in the synthesis and excretory phase. Even though coriander cannot replace atorvastatin in the management of hyperlipidemia, it can be used as an adjuvant to atorvastatin to reduce the cost effects and adverse reactions caused by allopathic medicines.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of generic drugs and their potential nocebo effects among second year medical students in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Griglani Diana L. , Patel Nirav N. , Bhave Amol L. , Bhavasar Rahul P.
Published: October 2024

Background: As drugs contribute significantly to healthcare costs, reduction in their cost by using generics offers a significant advantage so evaluation was done of knowledge, attitude, and practices of generic drugs and their potential nocebo effects among second year medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital.
Methods: A prospective, observational, and questionnaire-based study was conducted after approval by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Pretested and validated questionnaire consisting of 26 questions about generic drugs was filled by 92 participants. The filled questionnaires were collected and analyzed on Microsoft Excel sheet.
Results: Majority (90.2%) students had heard about generic drugs, however, only 18.5% students thought there was a nocebo effect associated with the use of generic drugs. Majority of the study population had a positive attitude towards use of generic drugs and believed them to be equally efficacious as branded drugs in addition to not having more side effects than branded drugs, though their current practices did not reflect this knowledge and attitude. 63% also said that following this study, they were likely to prescribe or consume generics as future doctors and patients.
Conclusions: The participants had sufficient knowledge and positive attitude towards use of generic drugs. Knowledge regarding the possible nocebo effects of generic drugs was lacking.
Alzheimer’s disease: newer modalities in treatment
Authors: Syed Ammaar Riyaz , Agha Ayman Ahmad Alothman , Mohamed Ibrahim Mirgani Saleem , Srinivasamurthy Suresh Kumar
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains insurmountable despite a long history of research and clinical development. It is projected to rise in the coming decades of public health due to the aging population worldwide. Understanding the basic tenets of the disease and targeting key steps remains a time-tested approach even for AD. Apart from the currently available treatment options namely NMDA blockers, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, recently monoclonal antibodies that target Aβ amyloid protein are approved. This review highlights the key features of currently approved drugs along with promising drugs in clinical development.
Overview of the human papilloma virus: types and its treatment
Authors: Lolla Siddhartha , Ilindra Abhitha , Bajracharya
Published: October 2024

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the United States and one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted infections (STDs) globally. Warts are cutaneous and occasionally mucous lesions brought on by HPV, with 2-20% of elementary school students getting them. There are three types of warts: non-genital warts, flat warts, and plantar warts. Non-genital warts are hyperkeratotic, exophytic, dome-shaped papules or plaques commonly associated with HPV-1, 2, 4, 27, or 57. Flat warts appear as flesh-coloured, erythematous to brown, or hyperpigmented smooth papules with a flat top and a diameter of 2 to 5 mm. Plantar warts, also known as verrucae plantaris, are cutaneous lesions on the plantar aspect of the foot that result from a human papillomavirus infection of keratinocytes (HPV).Genital warts are transmitted through sexual contact, while autoinoculation and vertical transfer do occasionally happen. After engaging in sexual activity with an infected partner, about 70% of people experience anogenital warts. Treatment for HPV includes imiquimod cream formulations, photodynamic treatment (PDT), green tea, chemical cautery, fluorouracil cream, cryotherapy, and surgical treatment. Common warts are hyperkeratotic, exophytic, dome-shaped papules or plaques commonly found in fingers, dorsal surfaces of hands, knees, or elbows. Flat warts are flesh-coloured, erythematous to brown, or hyperpigmented smooth papules with a flat top and a diameter of 2 to 5 mm. Plantar warts are unique in their location and appearance, primarily affecting high-pressure locations on the palms and soles and are uniquely linked to HPV type 1.
Sulfur doses and pH on the dynamics of S in the soil labile reserve
Authors: Moreira Heloisa Kelly Santos , Pereira Uchôa Sandra Cátia , Alvarez Venegas Victor Hugo , De Lima Matos Carlos Henrique , Ferreira Melo Valdinar , Alves José Maria Arcanjo , José Silva Armando
Published: October 2024

The study of sulfur (S) forms in the soil is relevant, and its availability depends on pH. The aim was to investigate how pH affects the balance between labile and non-labile sulfur reserves. The randomized block design with four replications was used. The treatments were: 1) soil incubated without pH correction; 2) pH corrected to 6.0 before incubation; 3) pH corrected to 6.0 after incubation. An anionic resin membrane was used to determine labile S. The S extracted in 48 hours was readily labile sulfur (RLS), and that extracted after 48 hours was slowly labile and non-labile sulfur (SLS+NLS), obtained from the difference between soil S (after calcination) and RLS. The data was submitted for analysis of variance, and the contrasts were tested (significance at 5%). Hierarchical cluster analysis with complete linkage and Mojena criterion (k=1.25) was also used. The pH correction affected the RLS reserve, increasing its concentration compared to the non-corrected treatment and, consequently, affecting the soil balance between RLS and SLS+NLS. The pH affects the dynamics of the RLS and SLS+NLS reserves, favoring the RLS reserve. There was little influence from the time of correction on these dynamics. Variations influenced the grouping of these soils in texture, mineralogical composition, and organic carbon content. The pH correction before incubation increases sulfate release, especially in soils rich in goethite and gibbsite, affecting the S adsorption according to the soil characteristics.
Advanced Object Tracking through Conditional Online Updates and Noise Suppression
Authors: Lim Suchang , Kim Jongchan
Published: October 2024

Object tracking under complex environmental conditions, such as background clutter, occlusion, and rapid motion, presents significant challenges. This paper addresses these issues by proposing a tracking algorithm integrating background suppression, target region enhancement, and an adaptive online template update mechanism to improve tracking accuracy. The proposed method uses the initial bounding box of the target object as a reference template and selectively updates specific regions online to suppress noise and retain critical features. We evaluated the proposed method using the OTB dataset to validate it. The baseline model without the proposed method showed a success rate of 0.417 and a precision of 0.586, while the algorithm with the proposed method achieved improved values of 0.524 and 0.728, respectively. Qualitative evaluations further confirmed the robustness of the proposed method, demonstrating high performance in scenarios with occlusion and complex backgrounds. Rather than updating all regions indiscriminately, the proposed method selectively updates the template using representative values from the target object's information. This selective update mechanism ensures the incorporation of the most relevant and accurate features, enabling the algorithm to adapt to changes in the target's appearance while minimizing noise integration. Emphasizing the feature regions and suppressing noise are also critical for maintaining a clear and precise representation of the target object, reducing the likelihood of confusion by irrelevant background information. Future research will focus on developing balanced update strategies that integrate new information while maintaining stable and reliable target characteristics.
In Memory of Volodymyr Vasylenko (1937–2023): a Legacy Lives on
Authors: Vishchyk Maksym
Published: October 2024

In Memory of Volodymyr Vasylenko (1937–2023): a Legacy Lives on
Philosophy of Law through the Prism of an Argumentative, Research and Dialogical Approach (Review of the Monograph: Koziubra, Mykola. Praktychna filosofiia prava [Practical Philosophy of Law]. Kyiv: Dukh i Litera, 2024 [in Ukrainian])
Authors: Kelman Mykhaylo
Published: October 2024

Review of the monograph: Koziubra, Mykola. Praktychna filosofiia prava [Practical Philosophy of Law]. Kyiv: Dukh i Litera, 2024 [in Ukrainian]
Integrating of In Silico and In Vitro Approaches to Determine Biological Activities of Abelmoschus esculentus’s Seeds
Authors: Taşkın Turgut , Mente Sultan , Atıcı Ceyda Ekentok , Ermanoğlu Mizgin , Özdemir Mücahit , Yalcin Bahattin , Omurtağ Gülden Z.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant, anti-urease, and anticholinesterase properties of extracts from plant seeds, as well as their toxicity on normal cells. In addition, the goal of this work was to use an in silico and in vitro method to evaluate the biological activity and mechanism of action of A. esculentus. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), CUPRAC (Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity), and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) techniques were used to examine the antioxidant properties of plant extracts. The extracts' anticholinesterase, anti-urease, and cytotoxic activity were determined using the Ellman, Indophenol, and MTT techniques, respectively. Computer algorithms were used to estimate ADMET and molecular docking techniques for compounds in plant. When the antioxidant activity results were examined, it was determined that water (IC50:0.313 mg/mL) and ethanol (IC50:0.314 mg/mL) extract showed DPPH activities close to each other. It was determined that the water (7.780mM FeSO4/mg extract, 1.106 mM troloxE/mg extract) extract showed higher activity than the ethanol (3.420 mM FeSO4/mg extract, 0.343 mM troloxE/mg extract) extract in FRAP and CUPRAC experiments. Considering the enzyme inhibition results, it was determined that the water extract showed the highest anti-urease activity, while the ethanol extract showed the highest anticholinesterase activity. It was also determined that both extracts had no toxic effect on normal cell lines (L-929). Based on pkCSM values, procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B2 compounds have a low volume of distribution, whereas rutin and quercetin compounds have a high volume of distribution (VDss). Not all compounds were predicted to have mutagenic and hepatotoxicity effects. In terms of score and ligand efficiency, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, quercetin, and rutin compounds appear to be superior to the reference. The chemicals quercetin and procyanidin B2 are thought to be key players in the pathophysiology of oxidative stress. In this study, the fact that the seeds’ extracts have biological activity and have no toxic effects on normal cell lines suggests that the seeds can be used medicinally and nutritionally in the future.
Wyrównywanie szans: zrównoważona infrastruktura i włączające środowiska dla starzejącego się społeczeństwa Polski w ramach Programu Feniks
Authors: Piecuch Katarzyna , Sznajder Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

Celem artykułu jest ocena potencjalnego wpływu Programu Fundusze Europejskie na Infrastrukturę, Klimat i Środowisko 2021–2027 (Program Feniks) na przestrzenne uwarunkowania sytuacji osób starszych w Polsce, w szczególności w świetle adaptacji do zmian klimatu. Analiza skupia się na priorytetach programu, które mogą skutecznie przeciwdziałać instytucjonalnej dyskryminacji osób starszych oraz minimalizować ryzyko wynikające z negatywnych skutków zmian klimatu dla tej grupy demograficznej. W badaniu zastosowano podejście mieszane, łączące ilościową analizę danych demograficznych, pochodzących m.in. z Eurostatu i GUS (okres: 2002–2022), z jakościową oceną dokumentów strategicznych. Badanie koncentruje się na ocenie regionalnych różnic w procesie starzenia się oraz na skuteczności priorytetów programu Feniks w radzeniu sobie z tymi różnicami. W analizie demograficznej porównano sytuację między wszystkimi krajami UE oraz przeanalizowano różnice regionalne między województwami w Polsce. ze względu na ogólnokrajowy charakter programu, jego potencjalny wpływ oceniono w skali całego kraju. Skoncentrowanie programu na modernizacji energetycznej, gospodarce wodnej oraz zielonej infrastrukturze ma potencjał, by znacząco poprawić warunki życia osób starszych oraz przeciwdziałać negatywnym skutkom zmian klimatycznych. Kluczowe są inwestycje w energooszczędne budynki, miejskie projekty adaptacyjne oraz inicjatywy związane z go- spodarką o obiegu zamkniętym. Program nadaje priorytet słabiej rozwiniętym regionom oraz obszarom miejskim, które są najbardziej dotknięte wyzwaniami związanymi ze starzeniem się społeczeństwa i zmianami klimatu. Program Feniks jest dobrze przygotowany do poprawy jakości życia starzejącego się społeczeństwa w Polsce, koncentrując się na kluczowych wyzwaniach infrastrukturalnych i środowiskowych. W szczególności istotne są działania skierowane na obszary zurbanizowane, co ma duże znaczenie, biorąc pod uwagę rosnącą liczbę osób starszych w miastach. Sukces tych inicjatyw zależy jednak od skutecznego wdrożenia oraz stałego monitorowania, by zapewnić ich inkluzywność i zrównoważony rozwój. Przyszłe badania powinny skupić się na długoterminowych efektach projektów oraz rozważyć dodatkowe środki wspierające osoby starsze w adaptacji do zmian klimatu.
Currículo Rizomático como (com)posições de Resistência
Authors: Monteiro Alexandrina
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho discute os currículos no/do ambiente escolar a partir da crítica ao documento da Base Nacional Curricular Oficial (BNCC) que opera, atualmente, como referência dos currículos de todas as escolas brasileiras. O currículo proposto no documento se organiza a partir da apropriação de diferentes propostas pedagógicas, por vezes contraditórias. Apesar disso, o documento propõe um modelo hegemônico que aposta nos discursos sobre interdisciplinaridade, independente de sua filiação teórica. A hipótese aqui apresentada é que a defesa e o uso de discursos em prol de um ensino interdisciplinar, funciona apenas como parte da engrenagem de uma máquina de captura que enquadra esses discursos pedagógicos aos princípios de uma aprendizagem: recognitivista e fragmentária, necessários para sustentar um projeto social neoliberal. Trata-se, assim, de garantir a formação de sujeitos que atendam à demanda dessa sociedade. Por isso a insistência por resistir. Advogaremos, assim, por um currículo rizomático como potencializador de resistência ao modelo canônico apresentado. Tal defesa é sustentada a partir dos trabalhos de Silvio Gallo, e dos conceitos de rizoma e menoridade apresentados por Deleuze e Guattari.
Educación para la paz.
Authors: Alarcón Ospina David Felipe , Garzón Martínez María Angélica
Published: October 2024

Este libro es una invitación para pensar y proponer derroteros que permitan dar contornos a una educación para la paz, capaz de responder a contextos sociales, culturales y educativos diversos. En este caso, se realiza un recorrido por diferentes corrientes y perspectivas que han posibilitado el desarrollo histórico de proyectos educativos interesados en la construcción de paz; aportando una visión de conjunto que articula aspectos contextuales, teórico-conceptuales y normativos de los principales marcos de referencia que hoy constituyen este campo de acción e investigación educativa. Asimismo, a partir de la revisión de experiencias de construcción de paz y de memoria lideradas por organizaciones sociales y comunitarias en Colombia, se identifican en sus trayectorias e iniciativas elementos que contribuyen a redimensionar la concepción de la educación para la paz. Finalmente, se esboza una propuesta que pretende animar la exploración de caminos aun no recorridos, sugiriendo nuevas rutas de formación en torno a la construcción de paz. Así, este libro apuesta por una educación para la paz que le permita a la sociedad colombiana comprender las posibilidades de un proyecto cultural y educativo cuya saeta apunte a la realización efectiva de la paz como correlato de la realización de los derechos humanos y la justicia social.
Factores de riesgo para desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 en homosexuales: Una revisión sistemática de literatura
Authors: Cortez-Beltran Jose Guadalupe , Miranda-Félix Patricia Enedina , Buichia-Sombra Félix Gerardo , Ortiz-Félix Rosario Edith
Published: October 2024

Objective: To identify the available scientific literature on risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes in homosexuals.
Material and Methods: Scientific articles published between 2014 and 2020 in English and Spanish were searched in 5 electronic databases: Virtual Health Library, Google Scholar, Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal, Scientific Electronic Library Online and National Library of Medicine of the United States. Combinations were made with the Boolean logical descriptors and operators AND and OR: Obesity OR Diabetes AND Risk AND Homosexual, Diabetes AND Homosexual, Obesity AND Homosexual, Obesity AND Diabetes AND Homosexual, Risk AND Diabetes AND Obesity AND Homosexual according to Medical Subject Headings. To select the studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools guide in Spanish for analytical prevalence studies was followed.
Results: Of 98 studies, 8 studies of United States origin and published in English were included. The sample of the studies ranged between 219 and 136 878 participants aged between 18 and 65 years. The available evidence suggests that the main risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes in homosexuals are obesity, depression, stress, lack of health care, physical inactivity, tobacco and alcohol consumption, having prediabetes, high blood pressure, high Cholesterol levels and family history with type 2 diabetes.
Conclusions: In conclusion, some of these risk factors are not considered by diabetes organizations, showing differences in the heterosexual population.
Key Words: Risk factor; Risk; Type 2 diabetes; Homosexual.
Práctica de actividad física y consumo de alcohol en escolares adolescentes
Authors: Guevara-Ingelmo Raquel María , Guevara-Valtier Milton Carlos , Urchaga-Litago José David , Sánchez-Moro Esther
Published: October 2024

Objective: To know the habits that Secondary Education students present in physical activity and alcohol consumption and the possible correlations that exist between these two habits according to the sex of the respondents.
Materials and method: A descriptive cross-sectional study is presented in which 656 Secondary School students from the city of Salamanca in Spain participated. The sampling was multistage random, stratified by conglomerates, and the questionnaire from the HBSC study sponsored by the World Health Organization was used as an instrument for collecting information.
Results: The results show differences according to the sex of the respondents in both habits, with boys practicing more physical activity than girls and also consuming alcohol more frequently. On the other hand, no relationship was found between the practice of physical activity and the consumption of alcohol, both showing being independent.
Conclusions: Sex seems to be a relevant variable in the practice of physical activity and alcohol consumption in adolescence. Although it was hypothesized that the practice of physical activity is a protective factor against alcohol consumption, in this research there does not seem to be a correlation between both habits so that a young person can, in turn, practice physical activity on a regular basis and be habitual consumer of alcohol. Finally, given these results, global measures are proposed that favor the acquisition and maintenance of healthy behaviors at this stage of development.
Keywords: Adolescence, Physical activity, Alcohol, Secondary education.
Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation using combination of nano brown anchovy (Stolephorus insularis) and calcium hydroxide
Authors: Yuanita Tamara , Sukaton  , Paramitha Shafa Marwa Moza , Ulfadi Bakhiitah Thufallah Putri , Salma , Adinda Fazzahra , Setyabudi
Published: October 2024

Background: One of the important virulence factors of S. mutans is the biofilm formation. Some bacteria in biofilms show resistance to antimicrobials. Therefore, the addition of nano brown anchovy (S. insularis) as antibiofilm agents can potentiate the caries and infection prevention efficacy of endodontic treatment. Purpose: To describe the effect of the combination of nano brown anchovy (S. insularis) 12% and Ca(OH)2 with a ratio of 1:1 on inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation. Methods: Laboratory experimental research on S. mutans bacteria was carried out in vitro using the crystal violet assay method. Brown anchovy was made into nanoparticles, dissolved to a concentration of 12%, and combined with Ca(OH)2. Biofilm samples were given treatment and observed for inhibition of biofilm growth. Biofilm growth inhibition was seen from the Optical Density (OD)540nm absorbance value measured using a spectrophotometer. Results: In the group that was tested with Ca(OH)2, the average percentage in S. mutans biofilm reduction was 55%, while in the group that was tested with a combination of nano brown anchovy (S. insularis) and Ca(OH)2, the average percentage in S. mutans biofilm reduction was 61%. Conclusion: The combination of nano brown anchovy (S. insularis) 12% and Ca(OH)2 with a ratio of 1:1 can inhibit the formation of S. mutans biofilm.
Effect of combination of nano brown anchovy (Stolephorus insularis) nanoparticles and calcium hydroxide on inhibition Streptococcus sanguinis biofilm formation
Authors: Yuanita Tamara , Juniarti Devi Eka , Nabilla Tasya , Wiratno Amelia Rahma , Tarigan Shindyloken Juni Artha , Afifah Anisa Nur , Setyabudi
Published: October 2024

Background: Lactobacillus acidophilus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are gram bacteria that can cause various problems in the oral cavity so that materials that have antibacterial potency are needed. Calcium hydroxide, chlorhexidine, and sodium hypochlorite as antibacterial ingredients have disadvantages such as forming tunnel defects, causing dysgeusia, and damaging periapical tissue, so it is hoped that there will be natural materials as alternatives. The nano brown anchovy has fluor as the active compound which has the potential as an antibacterial agent. Purpose: To analyze the effect of antibacterial potency of nano brown anchovy (Stolephorus insularis) on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Methods: This research is a laboratory experimental in vitro with the post-test only control group design. Brown anchovy is made into nano and diluted by dilution method into several concentrations. The direct contact method was used between some concentrations and the two bacteria. The values of MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Kill Concentration) were obtained by counting the number of bacterial colonies on Mueller Hinton Agar media. Bacterial colony growth was calculated manually in Colony Forming Units (CFU). Results: Antibacterial potency of nano brown anchovy on Lactobacillus acidophilus showed MIC results at 1.56% concentration and MBC at 3.125% concentration. Antibacterial potency of nano brown anchovy on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans showed MIC results at 3.125% concentration and MBC at 6.25% concentration. Conclusion: Nano brown anchovy has antibacterial activity on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
REGULATORY ROLE OF ETV4 IN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL FATE: INSIGHTS INTO MECHANOTRANSDUCTION AND LINEAGE DETERMINATION
Authors: Ardiana Asa
Published: October 2024

Conventional cell biology studies focus on cellular responses to chemical signals, but cells also react to mechanical cues like density, size, and substrate rigidity, activating specific gene expression. Embryo development leads to the formation of a gastrula, establishing body structure and germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm) via diverse mechanisms. In humans, gastrulation begins with the Primitive Streak (PS) and T gene expression, guiding epiblast cell migration. Self-regulation occurs in gastruloid models, derived from human embryonic stem cells, capable of differentiation. Mediators like YAP/TAZ and PIEZO1 link density to cellular responses, with ETV4 serving as a link between mechanical environment and gene expression. This research employed a systematic literature review to synthesize relevant studies. Inspired by stem cell advancements, particularly ETV4's role, searches on PubMed yielded three articles meeting inclusion criteria. ES cells maintain undifferentiated states via ETV4 and ETV5. Rapid cell growth deactivates ETV4, prompting differentiation, influenced by mechanical cues. ETV4, ETV5, and SPRY4 regulate the FGF/ERK pathway, modulating sensitivity. High density initiates neuroectodermal cell formation, impacting integrin-actomyosin and FGFR pathways, via ETV4. Fluctuations in density dictate lineage fate, with ETV4 as a key sensor, linking density shifts to lineage determination via the ERK pathway.
Existence of Balinese Female Dancers in Tisna's Ni Rawit Ceti Penjual Orang, Rusmini's Tarian Bumi, and Arnada's Jejak Dedari
Authors: Sukmawati Ni Luh Ayu
Published: October 2024

This qualitative research aims to reveal how Balinese female dancers have existed by dancing in each era depicted in three novels namely Ni Rawit Ceti Penjual Orang (1935) by A.A. Pandji Tisna, (2) Tarian Bumi (2000) by Oka Rusmini, and (3) Jejak Dedari (2016) by Erwin Arnada. Structural-narrative theory by A.J. Greimas and Simone de Beauvoir's existentialist feminism approach was used to dissect the three novels. From the analysis, some differences describe the characteristics of Balinese female dancers in each era. In the novel Ni Rawit Ceti Penjual Orang as a marker of the postcolonial era, female dancers have not been able to reach their existence because of tradition dominated by men. In contrast, in Tarian Bumi and Jejak Dedari as a remark of the 2000s, Balinese female dancers can achieve their existence with the help and motivation of the surrounding community of figures. Thus, it shows the progress in the way of Balinese society towards the existence of Balinese female dancers from time to time.
Teaching Children to Let Nature to Just Be in Ecological Children's Picture Books by Kate Messner
Authors: Ramadhina Alisyah Putri , Tristanty Anggie Ayu Isra , Hidayati Nur , Saraswati Rina
Published: October 2024

Over and Under The Snow and Over and Under The Pond are children's picture books by Kate Messner that teach children life both and under certain terrains in this world that exist because of how nature works. This article aims to make readers understand the value of children's books and how they are an excellent way to teach about how nature works in this world. Ecocriticism is a theory that analyzes the works of authors, researchers, and poets in the context of environmental issues and wildlife. The Ecocriticism theory that is applied to this research is by Cheryll Glotfelty. This article uses a qualitative approach that describes the answers to the questions that have been collected. Over and Under The Snow and Over and Under The Pond are great books to teach children about how life is under The Snow and pond; these books help them to understand how to take care of the environment better since they would know we are not the only kinds to live in this world and how other non-human creatures struggle to survive the terrains nature have.
Analysis of Women's Choices in Hopeless by Colleen Hoover
Authors: Nabila Aura Safa , Supiastutik
Published: October 2024

This study delves into how women's choices are represented through a sexual abuse survivor character in Colleen Hoover's novel Hopeless. The novel addresses the issue of women's choices, depicted by two main female characters who have experienced sexual abuse by their family members. This research uses representation theory and a postfeminist perspective to analyze this portrayal of women's choices. This research identifies three choice categories for sexual abuse survivors striving for happiness: 1) women decide what they want, 2) women dare to take risks, and 3) women choose to self-acceptance. The two main female characters in Hopeless are portrayed as courageous individuals who dare to break away from the victim label by making bold and meaningful choices.
Phenomenon of Natural Resources Exploitation in ‘Mencari Ujung Pelangi'
Authors: Wardani Yohana Ari
Published: October 2024

Environmental crisis has become a current issue for literary researches globally including in Indonesia.  'Mencari Ujung Pelangi' through an ecocritical approach, is providing a nuanced backdrop against which to explore the intricate dynamics of natural resource exploitation within literary contexts. This study is using eco-crititicism lens since it focuses on the relationship between literature and the environment. For the purpose of this study, the questions formulated were 1) How does "Mencari Ujung Pelangi" represent nature and environmental issues, and what critique does it offer against anthropocentric attitudes? 2) In what ways does the story promote environmental advocacy and consciousness, and how does it align with the ecocritical goals of fostering ecological awareness? Through the protagonist Alfi's eyes, we witness the impact of deforestation and industrialization”the factory replacing the forest”and the subsequent pollution of the nearby lake. The story critiques anthropocentrism”the human-centric view that prioritizes economic interests over ecological well-being”by highlighting the negative consequences of such attitudes.
Machine learning-assisted prediction, screen, and interpretation of porous carbon materials for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Cui Zhenming , Qiao Zhennan , An Xiaokang , Wang Yongzhen
Published: October 2024

Porous carbon materials (PCMs) are preferred as electrode materials for supercapacitor energy storage applications due to their superior characteristics. However, the optimal performance of these electrodes requires trial and error experimental exploration due to the complexity of influencing factors. To address this limitation, we develop a machine learning (ML) combined experimental validation approach to predict, screen and interpret ideal PCMs for supercapacitors. Four ML models are used for predicting the specific capacitance (SC) properties of PCMs and the light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) model exhibits the best prediction performance with an R2 value of 0.92. Through comprehensive interpretability analysis of ML, important variables influencing SC properties are identified and their impact range is determined. By analyzing the deviation of key values during experimental verification, accurate predictions of SC properties of PCMs are made, facilitating precise material screening. Additionally, the accuracy and applicability of the ML model predictions are evaluated. This research pioneered a key eigenvalue fall-point screening approach based on a combination of ML experiments for accurately predicting SC performance and screening of superior energy storage materials, providing a compelling strategy for advancing energy storage materials technology.
ESPERANTO AS LINGUA FRANCA FOR THE STATELESS ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY TILL 1939
Authors: Visko H. , Fedorchenko-Kutuev P.
Published: October 2024

The article deals with cases involving the planned language Esperanto in attempts to resolve language conflicts and in measures to protect the languages of stateless ethnic groups in Europe during their nation-building processes in the first half of the 20th century, more precisely, until 1939. Chronological boundaries cover two periods of the Esperanto movement, according to Federico Gobbo: partly the Esperanto pioneers’ period and the interwar period. These periods almost coincide with the two waves of the Breton language and literature movement, within which there are known episodes of the Esperanto use by Breton intellectuals with the purpose to present translated texts of Breton literature, the results of scientific research to the international readers and to articulate political ideas revolving the state building aspirations. A similar phenomenon can be observed among other ethnic groups, for example, Ukrainians and Catalans, which is also briefly discussed in the article. Language conflicts and the involvement of Esperanto in their resolution are proposed to be considered from the view of Pierre Bourdieu's interpretation of language – language as a state instrument of domination and symbolic power. In this way, Esperanto, which was associated with neither a state nor a (dominant) ethnic group and did not carry the symbolic meaning of dominance and prestige, but, on the contrary, had to be perceived neutrally, was considered as a communication medium of stateless ethnic groups, whose languages were under threat due to the harsh language policy of modernizing/centralizing nation states and empires. In addition, learning Esperanto could have become economically viable, thanks to its simplicity and speed of learning the planned language. The Esperanto movement opened up another side: intellectual and political representatives of stateless ethnic groups used the Esperanto space as a platform to express their political aspirations and draw attention to their national languages and cultures.
CYBERSECURITY IN CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL INEQUALITY: DEFINING THE SOCIOLOGICAL PROBLEM
Authors: Korzhov H. , Yenin M.
Published: October 2024

The article deals with theoretical and empirical aspects of the sociological study of behaviour in the field of cybersecurity. One of the relevant sociological approaches to the study of this phenomenon is the theory of three levels of digital inequality. The main hypothesis of the presented research is: a secure model of digital behaviour largely depends on the Internet user’s position in the hierarchical distribution of various social, cultural, and digital resources, on individual’s place in the overall system of social inequality. Among the factors that contribute to more responsible and secure behaviour of Internet users, the experience of using ICT (frequency and content of activities), the level of knowledge about potential risks and threats, and personal experience of cybercrime play an important role. Those Internet users who have longer, more intensive, and more varied experiences of using the Internet with different purposes tend to exhibit more prudent guidance and a securer pattern of Internet behaviour. Better knowledge and experiences of the victim of crime make users more vigilant and help prevent abuse and threats in the future. Age, education level, place of residence and occupation influence people's perception of threats and level of safety on the Internet, as well as their online behaviour. The research confirms that Internet users are changing their behaviour in various ways due to security concerns.