bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Statistical Analysis and Comparison of the spread of Swine Flu and COVID-19 in India
Authors: Murthy Hari , Prathap Boppuru  Rudra , Joseph P Mani , Jha Pillai Vinay , Chandra K Sarath , Pradeep Kumar Kukatlapalli
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The world is currently experiencing the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [COVID-19], however, this is not a new phenomenon; it occurred in 2009-2010 in the form of novel influenza A. (H1N1). The H1N1 virus primarily afflicted people between the ages of 26 and 50, but SARS-CoV-2 primarily afflicted those over the age of 60, increasing the number of deaths owing to their weakened immunity. The report provides a case study of the impact of H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 in India. Methods: Data is obtained from The Hindustan Times newspaper, GoI press releases and World Health Organization (WHO) reports. Results: The incidence rate was initially low and it was only by the 10-15th week that it started increasing. There is an initial upward trend before levelling out followed by a second wave and third wave. COVID-19 exhibited a steeper growth, where the steps taken by the Government were ineffective leading to higher death cases. Kerala was affected due to the travellers returning from the Middle East, while Maharashtra and Delhi saw large incidence rates due to the migrant influx and communal gathering. Conclusion: The most effective and practical approach is to test the symptomatic patients and aggressive testing to contain the transmission. Awareness campaigns to educate the public about social distancing and personal hygiene is more practical. There is still scope of improvement with regards to the public health care support, preparedness and response. Lockdown measures could have been avoided if the initial screening was conducted properly.
Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Tool for Assessing Postgraduate Students’ Oral Presentations: Importance of the Role of Ergonomics
Authors: Mohammadian Mostafa , Gharibi Vahid , Hayat Ali Asghar , Cousins Rosanna , Mokarami Hamidreza
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The aim of this exploratory sequential mixed methods study was to develop an oral presentations assessment tool for postgraduate students’ oral presentations. Methods: First, a literature review and the ideas of 319 experienced professors were used to identify domains and potential items to develop the desired tool. Then the psychometric properties of the preliminary tool were measured using face and content validity, inter-rater agreement and test-retest reliability. Results: The qualitative phase indicated there should be four domains in the developed Oral Presentations Assessment Tool: subject knowledge, delivery, content and organization, and ergonomics, and that items in the developed tool should be weighted according to importance for the efficacy of a presentation. The final version included 19 items across four domains. Mean content validity index and content validity ratio scores were 0.93 and 0.76, respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for the two evaluation periods was 0.92. The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.78. Conclusion: The Oral Presentations Assessment Tool has appropriate psychometric properties and can be used as a valid and applicable instrument to assess postgraduate students’ oral presentations. Important cognitive factors in oral presentations in the form of an ergonomic domain was included for the first time, as part of this new comprehensive tool.
Effect of Alcohol Prevention Program on Subject Well-being Scale, Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale and Alcohol Decisional Balance Scale of Alcohol Related Prisoners in Correctional Institutions in Korea
Authors: Jung Hyun-Ok , Seung- Woo Han
Published: February 2023

Introduction: This research intends to determine the intervening effect of alcohol prevention education programs on subjective well-being, alcohol abstinence self-efficacy, and alcohol decisional balance of alcohol-related prisoners. Methods: The subjects of the research were 25 alcohol-related prisoners who were detained in S district prisons in South Korea. The program was organized into less than 10 subjects for each session and carried out in three rounds from June 1 to July 2, 2019. A total of eight sessions programs were provided for four weeks, two times a week for each session. The collected data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, and paired t-test using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: After the alcohol prevention training program, there was significant difference in subjective well-being scores (t=3.05, p= .005) and alcohol decisional balance score (t=2.16, p=.041). However, there was no significant difference in the abstinence self-efficacy score (t=-1.17, p=.254). Conclusion: Implementing the program will not only enriches the quality of life of alcohol-related prisoners by improving inherent positive emotions but also contribute to re-socialization and reduction of recidivism by making them aware of shortcomings rather than the benefits of alcohol.
An In Vitro Evaluation of the Remineralizing Efficacy of Two concentrations of Silica Doped Nanohydroxyapatite on Bleached Enamel
Authors: S Sajjan Girija , T Rishitha , P Bhupathi Arun , Varma K Madhu , Kumar Pulidindi Anil , CH Rajashekar , Rama Kumar M Sita , Durga I. Sai Lakshmi
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Vital bleaching of teeth is associated with mineral loss and surface roughness leading to hypersensitivity. Aesthetic restorations are recommended after one week. Search is on for a suitable remineralizing material, which helps in instant adhesive bonding. Hence objective of the study is to evaluate the remineralizing efficacy of two concentrations of Silica doped Nanohydroxyapatite on bleached enamel. Methods: Enamel surfaces of 30 extracted human central incisors were divided into Part A: Unbleached enamel, Part B: Bleached enamel, Part C: Remineralized enamel. The samples were randomly divided into, Group 1: MI Paste Plus (Recaldent, USA), Group 2 and 3 for application of Dentin bonding agents (Tetric- n-bond, Ivoclar, Vivadent) mixed 0.2% and 0.8% Silica doped Nanohydroxyapatite (Sigma Aldrich, Bangalore, India). Post bleaching remineralizing agents were applied on part C. Surface roughness was evaluated with contact stylus profilometer and mineral content was evaluated with Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy for three parts. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey test with p ≤ 0.05. Results: Surface roughness values (Ra) were increased, and mineral loss (Ca:P) was observed after bleaching. After application of remineralizing agents, surface roughness was decreased with no significant value (p > 0.05) and a significant increase in mineral content of all three groups with a p < 0.05 was observed. Conclusion: Application of dentin bonding agent mixed with Silica doped Nanohydroxyapatite decreased surface roughness and improved remineralization of bleached enamel.
Knowledge of Breast Cancer Among Urban Women in the South of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Lim Phui Yee , Yusuf Azlina
Published: February 2023

Introduction: : Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally and it is the leading cause of cancer mortality in Malaysian women. Increasing women knowledge of BC and breast self-examination (BSE) leads to increased compliance in early diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge on BC and its association with socio-demographic characteristics among urban women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 urban women in the South of Peninsular Malaysia using the adapted Breast Cancer Awareness Measure. Data were analyzed through SPSS software version 26.0. Results: Of the participants, 53.7% (n=145) had poor knowledge of BC warning signs, 50.7% (n=137) of BSE and 55.6% (n=150) of risk factors. High education was associated with better BC knowledge on warning signs (p=0.006) and risk factors (p=0.048). Chinese women have poor BC knowledge on warning signs (p=0.005) and BSE (p<0.001) than other ethnicities. Age (p=0.024) and marital status (p=0.028) were statistically significant with BC knowledge on breast self-examination (BSE) while family history of BC (p=0.019) and duration of seeking medical advice (p=0.041) were associated with BC knowledge on the risk factor. Conclusion: The findings of this study may give insight into effective health education strategies for urban women concerning breast cancer awareness.
Stages Of Achieving The State Of "Al-Insan Al-Kamil"
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kasymkhan Kurmanbek
Published: February 2023

The article reveals the significance of the stages of achieving perfection in Islam and determines its place in the Muslim worldview. At the same time, the absolute potential of the “Perfect Man” concept is substantiated. Also, by comparison, the meaning of the concept of «al-insan al-kamil» in the worldview of Abai and Ibn Arabi is revealed. In particular, we are trying to classify and distinguish between spiritual steps on the way to this goal.
Fisicoquímica para alimentos: Notas de clase
Authors: Velázquez Cruz Evaristo Isac , Cordero Ovando Juan Manuel , Juárez López Guillermo , Martínez Martínez Rafael
Published: February 2023

En este libro “Fisicoquímica para alimentos: Notas de clase”, se desarrollan los conceptos teóricos de la fisicoquímica, que pueden ser aplicados en el tratamiento de sistemas alimentarios, e incluso extenderse a otros sistemas. El libro está dividido en cinco capítulos, se recomienda que los capítulos se estudien en el orden en el que aparecen, ya que cada nuevo capítulo hace uso de conceptos o ecuaciones definidos en los capítulos antecedentes. Los autores de este libro suponen que el lector posee conocimientos básicos de fisicoquímica y/o termodinámica, y que este no es un primer contacto con ella. El Capítulo 1 trata de lo que es el agua como compuesto químico, de las propiedades tan singulares que posee y de sus funciones en los alimentos. En el Capítulo 2 partiendo del hecho de que el agua es el principal componente de los alimentos, y que se encuentra unida y/o interactuando con los demás constituyentes de los alimentos, se hace un modelado de estas interacciones partiendo del modelo de soluciones ideales y llegando hasta las soluciones reales, todo a partir del concepto de potencial químico. En el Capítulo 3 se trata un tema que es fundamental en la ciencia y tecnología de los alimentos, como lo es la actividad acuosa, el cual se define desde el punto de vista fisicoquímico y se presentan algunos modelos de predicción, así como algunas técnicas para su medición. El Capítulo 4 presenta el fenómeno de adsorción y desorción del agua, involucrado en los procesos de deshidratación y secado de los alimentos, y los modelos que lo describen. En esta misma unidad se presentan las curvas de sorción y su relación con el desarrollo de microorganismos responsables del deterioro de los alimentos. También se presenta el tema de la distribución del agua en los alimentos. Por último, en el Capítulo 5 se describen los sistemas coloidales frecuentes en los sistemas alimentarios, se presenta su dinámica de formación, la manera de prepararlos y la principal teoría utilizada en su descripción, la teoría DLVO.
Towards a similarity index of network paths in spatial networks
Authors:   University of the Aegean, Department of Geography Mytilini, Lesvos, Greece, Agourogiannis Panagiotis , Kavroudakis Dimitris ,   University of the Aegean, Department of Geography Mytilini, Lesvos, Greece, Batsaris Marios ,   University of the Aegean, Department of Geography Mytilini, Lesvos, Greece, Zafeirelli Sofia ,   University of the Aegean, Department of Geography Mytilini, Lesvos, Greece
Published: February 2023

The mathematical analysis of a spatial network using graph theory and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for path finding, has created the need to compare possible solutions to better solve spatial problems in road networks. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive and documented selection of the identification of similar routes on a spatial network through the development of a spatial Similarity Index. The index compares the geographical characteristics of routes (altitude, length, distance from points of interest) drawn in a spatial network and calculates the percentage of similarity between the routes and the criteria that contributed to their drawing. The purpose of this multicriteria indicator is to select the optimal solution for spatial problems that occur in a network, such as transport, energy, environment, sport, and tourism. This leads to the Similarity Index serving as a reliable tool in decision-making for local and regional development. The case study is the Greek island of Lesbos, with a complex road network that develops over a relief with strong differences in altitude. In addition, there are many points of tourist, cultural and economic interest on the island, which helps to find the path that largely fulfils all geographical parameters.
A remuneração dos serviços de abastecimento de água na França: exemplo para o Brasil?
Authors: Vieira Patrícia Albuquerque , Mont'Alverne Tarin Cristino Frota
Published: February 2023

As constituições e os tratados internacionais têm consagrado o acesso à água potável e ao saneamento básico como direitos fundamentais imprescindíveis à dignidade humana. Objetiva-se chamar atenção para a escassez de água potável e de esgotamento sanitário no Brasil, que, aliados à reformulação normativa do saneamento básico, em 2020, sobremaneira no que atine à ampliação da atuação da iniciativa privada no setor, pode culminar em um agravamento da situação. Para que os riscos sejam visualizados empiricamente, optou-se por analisar o modelo francês, que garante o acesso universal a esses direitos, além de possuir uma longa história de privatização e remunicipalização da água. Com isso em vista, questiona-se se Lei nº 14.026/2020 é capaz de promover o alcance universal à água potável e ao saneamento básico no Brasil até 2033, ano proposto pela própria norma. O método empregado é o dedutivo e o procedimento é o monográfico, sendo utilizada a modalidade de pesquisa bibliográfica. O resultado aponta para uma possível regressão dos direitos humanos provocada essencialmente e em decorrência da privatização dos serviços, com efeitos na ineficiência, no controle da qualidade, na abrangência e na redução da participação popular.
Percepções sobre o acesso à informação e a corrupção na gestão pública municipal: os dois lados da mesma moeda
Authors: Macedo Suélem Viana , Valadares Josiel Lopes , Mendes Wanderson De Almeida , Miranda Marconi Silva
Published: February 2023

Este estudo buscou compreender as percepções de servidores públicos municipais e de integrantes das organizações da sociedade civil sobre o acesso à informação e a corrupção, estabelecendo as possíveis relações entre estas duas temáticas. Para tanto a pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo entidades da sociedade civil organizada e os poderes executivos e legislativos das cidades de Juiz de Fora e Belo Horizonte, ambas situadas no Estado de Minas Gerais. Em termos metodológicos trata-se de um estudo de cunho qualitativo baseado na análise de conteúdo das entrevistas realizadas. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que o acesso à informação não é um objetivo final, mas sim um fio condutor para a criação de espaços democráticos, contribuindo para a possibilidade de participação dos cidadãos nas decisões públicas que podem afetar o contexto onde vivem. Em virtude disso, os mecanismos de acesso à informação adotados pelos governos locais analisados têm contribuído de forma mais incisiva para o exercício do controle social pela sociedade civil organizada, e este, de forma indireta, auxilia no combate à corrupção.
O papel da empresa para assegurar os direitos da personalidade dos refugiados por meio do trabalho decente: função social, compliance e os desafios para contratação
Authors: Silva Leda Maria Messias da , Teixeira Rene Dutra
Published: February 2023

A promoção do trabalho é importante instrumento para a concretização e para a efetivação dos demais direitos fundamentais amparados pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e, assim, garantir os direitos da personalidade. Portanto, estuda-se neste artigo a inclusão de refugiados ao âmbito do meio ambiente de trabalho, mais especificamente, no meio empresarial, de forma a identificar os entraves para a contratação de refugiados. Destaca-se, o importante papel desempenhado pela iniciativa privada, por meio de sua função social, do “compliance” e da priorização da sustentabilidade, na integração de refugiados ao meio ambiente de trabalho. Por meio do método dedutivo, realiza-se um diálogo entre as fontes bibliográficas e utiliza-se como esteio os relatórios da Organização Internacional para as Migrações – OIM de 2017, da Comissão Europeia e das Nações Unidas de 2018 e o estudo da ACNUR de 2013, dentre outros trabalhos. Conclui-se que é preciso conscientizar empregadores sobre a situação dos refugiados no Brasil e ajudá-los com treinamento para recrutamento de mão de obra refugiada, especialmente na identificação de habilidades e de formas alternativas de comprovação da experiência profissional.
Fake news, discursos de ódio e ativismo digital: movimentos sociais de desmonetização, desafios jurídicos e reflexões sobre o case sleeping giants Brasil
Authors: Gasparetto Hígor Lameira , Pedroso Frederico Thaddeu , Oliveira Rafael Santos de
Published: February 2023

A falta de regulamentação dos serviços de anúncios na internet causa incertezas para a sociedade, mas esta omissão não desencorajou cidadãos, que, pelo ativismo social (digital), encontraram alternativas para enfrentar as consequências do problema. Neste contexto, este artigo objetiva investigar as repercussões jurídicas, políticas e sociais do movimento de ativismo digital Sleeping Giants Brasil, que surgiu em 2020 com a proposta de combater e desmonetizar portais que produzem e divulgam notícias falsas (fake news) e discursos de ódio, especialmente quanto a legitimidade de sua atuação. Busca-se então responder o seguinte: quais os limites e (im)possibilidades para se falar em legitimidade do movimento Sleeping Giants no Brasil, ante a ausência de normas regulamentadoras, da judicialização ocorrida e do contexto sociológico do país? Metodologicamente adota-se como teoria de base autores que abordam tais perspectivas, envoltas entre direito, comunicação e política, como Castells, Bucci, Empoli e Sarlet. Ainda, emprega-se a abordagem sistêmico-complexa, aliada ao método de procedimento monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Ao final o estudo permite concluir que até o suprimento das lacunas legislativas, o Poder Judiciário restará incumbido de valorar os direitos fundamentais em cada caso. Ademais, sem políticas públicas que empoderem os cidadãos, proporcionando-lhes o controle social da legitimidade de Movimentos populares, serão os juízes que decidirão se iniciativas como o Sleeping Giants Brasil são legitimas ou não. Outrossim, ressalta-se que esta pesquisa é original e relevante para o campo jurídico, especialmente pela atualidade dessas problemáticas e o necessário aprofundamento do debate sobre o legítimo enfrentamento da desinformação.
A garantia de igualdade nos negócios jurídicos processuais e a aplicação do controle de validade pelo juiz
Authors: Rodrigues Francisco Luciano Lima , Aragão Nilsiton Rodrigues Andrade , Bastos Bruno Costa
Published: February 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar como o controle judicial das convenções sobre procedimento pode ser aplicada para reduzir a vulnerabilidade nos negócios jurídicos processuais. Pretende-se aqui evidenciar uma relação que os negócios jurídicos têm com a igualdade no processo cível, de forma a não restringir a sua utilização à autonomia privada das partes, eliminando as vulnerabilidades processuais existentes sob controle jurisdicional. Isso também está relacionado a negócios jurídicos processuais atípicos dentro do processo, nos quais as partes são consideradas livres para negociar dentro do procedimento em que estão envolvidas. Já o controle jurisdicional tem a função de regular as convenções oficiais, seja invalidando ou protegendo a parte mais vulnerável, sendo que este controle pretende mais do que preservar as exigências do negócio jurídico no processo, mas também garantir direitos fundamentais e equalizar as partes de forma que ninguém seja prejudicado em situações de vulnerabilidade, pautado por princípios éticos e sociais equilibrando as relações negocial entre as partes. A pesquisa possui abordagem qualitativa, com base em revisão de literatura e análise da legislação. Conclui-se que os negócios jurídicos processuais materializam um aspecto importante do princípio da autonomia privada no processo, mas não equalizam as assimetrias, que poderiam ser reduzidas com a análise preventiva das vulnerabilidades.
O Estado Social e o papel das políticas públicas para o alcance da justiça social
Authors: Carvalho Osvaldo Ferreira de
Published: February 2023

O artigo possui como proposta temática o Estado Social e o papel das políticas públicas para o alcance da justiça social. As políticas públicas são encaradas como conjunto de atividades normativas e administrativas que visam a melhorias e transformações incrementais em serviços e utilidades oferecidas pelo Estado ou a resolver problemas reais, relacionados com a promoção e fruição de direitos. O objetivo da pesquisa mediante análise bibliográfica sobre o tema ao se estear em autores jurídicos e aqueles vinculados ao campo de estudo das políticas públicas é discutir o papel do Estado social, os sentidos das políticas públicas ao examinar, pois, o seu papel na realização do Estado Social e a importância dos direitos sociais a fim de averiguar como a literatura assenta sua intelecção quanto ao argumento da reserva do possível. A proposta temática se desenvolve no contexto do designado “economicamente possível” ou “reserva do possível” ao considerar que estas balizas referenciais se orientam no sentido de que o Estado somente executará políticas públicas se houver, no orçamento, recursos financeiros suficientes para sua realização. Observa–se, ainda, que a linguagem das Políticas Públicas acaba por ser potencialmente instrumentalizadora do projeto constitucional cidadão de 1988 no contexto brasileiro. Em relação à metodologia empregada, adota–se o método dialético como método de abordagem por meio do qual este trabalho empreende uma interpretação dinâmica da realidade analisada entre a produção da literatura científica especializada e as situações contextuais que venham confrontar as alegações da reserva do possível.
Analisis Kemampuan Guru dalam Menggunakan E-Learning sebagai Media Pembelajaran di Era Digital
Authors: Hasyim Adam , Hayati Nurul Awaliah
Published: February 2023

Upaya guru mencapai keberhasilan tujuan dalam pembelajaran adalah dengan menggunakan media untuk mempermudah penyampaian materi ajar yang sudah direncanakan, media internet misalnya, atau dengan istilah lain e-learning merupakan jawaban atas kebutuhan tersebut. Kemampuan penting yang harus dimiliki oleh guru di abad modern dan era digital dalam menggunakan e-learning adalah sebuah keharusan. Tujuan penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kemampuan guru dalam menggunakan e-learning sebagai media pembelajaran di era digital dan juga hambatannya di SMP fatahillah kecamatan tambakdahan kabupaten subang. Sedangkan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Kemudian teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian yang didapatkan bahwa guru dalam menggunakan e-learning sebagai media pembelajaran di era digital di SMP fatahillah kecamatan tambakdahan kabupaten subang sudah terampil dan memadai, apalagi didukung dengan sarana prasarana yang baik membuat pembelajaran menggunakan e-learning sebagai media pembelajaran berjalan lancar sesuai harapan. Hanya saja intensitas penggunaan e-learning jarang dilakukan. Selain itu guru kurang memanfaatkan kekayaan fitur aplikasi pendukung pembelajaran e-learning.
Problems faced by Children in Ecuador: Realizing the Rights of Children
Authors: Makwana Gautam , Elizabeth H.
Published: February 2023

There is limited information available on the prevalence of child abuse in developing countries, particularly in South America, despite substantial study on the link between childhood physical, emotional, and sexual abuse and mental health problems. The culture of Ecuador is a colourful fusion of African, European, and American Indian customs. Even though children's situations in Ecuador have significantly improved recently, more has to be done, notably in the areas of education, healthcare, gender equality, and children's everyday living circumstances. Despite recent considerable improvements for children in Ecuador, more has to be done, particularly in the areas of education, healthcare, gender equality, and children's day-to-day living conditions.
With the establishment of the Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the current study seeks to develop a human rights-based strategy to realise every child's rights, particularly those of the most disadvantaged, and to heed the call to "leave no child behind" in order to uphold those rights for every child in Ecuador. The nation frequently implements fresh tactics to improve child protection. Despite these initiatives, children's concerns continue to hinder the country's development. The absence of regulations and actions by the government to protect school-aged children is one of the problems that has to be resolved first.
Anticarcinogenic and antioxidant activities of leaves and flowers hydroalcoholic extracts of Nerium oleander L.: PCA analysis and phytochemical content by FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Ayouaz Siham , Koss-Mikołajczyk Izabela , Adjeroud-Abdellatif Nawel , Bartoszek Agnieszka , Arab Radia , Mouhoubi Khokha , Aji Muhammad Dimas Rahadian , Nur Dwi Larasatie , Madani Khodir
Published: February 2023

Aims: The aim of this work is the evaluation the anticarcinogenic effect on HT29 cancer cells lines and antioxidant effect of three extracts from different morphological parts (leaves (LE), pink flowers (PFE) and white flowers (WFE)) of Nerium oleander lin. Methods: This research provides the anticarcinogenic activity of extracts from N. oleander white flowers. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to estimate the relationship between antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities, and to further understand the similarities and differences between the extracts. Results: All of the extracts exhibited different antioxidant (ABTS, DPPH and FC) and anticarcinogenic activities. FTIR analysis designed the existence of various functional groups in extracts confirming the presence of alcohol, alkanes, amino, aromatic compound and primary alcohol. The PCA results show that the WFE extract exhibits a greater antioxidant activity with a potent potential for inhibiting the cell growth of colorectal cancer HT29 than the two other extracts (LE and PFE). Conclusions: Nerium oleander may therefore be an excellent source of natural antioxidant and anticancer agents, as well as a possible pharmaceutical supplement.
Keywords: Nerium oleander, antioxidant activity, anticarcinogenic activity, PCA analysis, FTIR analysis.
FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF FRAUDULENT CRIMES WITH THE USE OF BANK CARDS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Khamidov Bakhtiyor , Nosirov Аmirkhon ,   Tashkent State University of Law
Published: February 2023

This article describes the general concept and forensic analysis of the crime of fraud associated with the use of bank cards. It contains elements of forensic description of the crime of fraud associated with the use of bank cards, the subject of the crime, methods of committing a crime, traces of the crime, personal information of the offender, and the circumstances of crime. At the same time, the process of working with digital footprints in the investigation of bank card fraud, the problems that arise in national legislation and law enforcement practices, have all been critically examined. Scientifically based ways and criteria for their elimination have been developed. In addition, the similarities of Internet fraud, a type of Internet crime, with bank card fraud were discussed. The article is based on scientific and practical research in the field of working with digital traces, the views of theoretical scientists and practitioners, as well as technical research. The article analyzes the problems in the field from a systematic, legal, scientific, and practical point of view, which from the authorʻs conclusions are formed. Evidence-based proposals and recommendations for legislators and law enforcement agencies have been developed.
PARTICIPATION OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES IN DRAFTING AGREEMENTS IN BANKRUPTCY CASES: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Ibratova Feruza
Published: February 2023

The article states that the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Bankruptcy” defines the rights of the state body to participate in the settlement agreement, but does not specify the procedure for their implementation, and many questions remain open. It is concluded that in order to achieve the goals of restoring the debtor’s solvency, it is necessary to have a decision of the competent authorities to change the conditions for the payment of mandatory payments and an agreement defining the relationship of the debtor with creditors. It is also analyzed that the bankruptcy of one company as a result of a difficult situation in the retail, service, energy and automotive industries leads to the closure of several more companies associated with it, and the use of existing opportunities to preserve an economic entity that can be restored through bankruptcy to invest contribution to the country’s economy in world practice. As a result of the study, it is proposed to introduce into the Tax Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan article 1001 “Providing a debtor who has entered into an amicable agreement on the settlement of bankruptcy, the possibility of deferral or installment payment of taxes” and article 1002 “Exemption of a debtor from tax, who has entered into an amicable agreement in a bankruptcy case”.
ISSUES OF DETERMINATION OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF TRADEMARKS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Babakulov Zafar
Published: February 2023

The legal status of trademarks comes into attention in the sphere of the production of goods as a means of individualization. The legal status of a trademark owner is also particularly important in order to determine the status of a trademark. It is the owner of the trademark, who determines the fate of the trademark. In other cases, such as civil contractual relations, or the use of trademarks by way of unfair competition, the legal status of a trademark becomes a unique subject of regulation. A trademark, as a means of individualization, determines the belonging of a specific type of product to a particular owner. However, the current laws regulating the use of trademarks do not specifically define issues of its status. It is worth pointing that some norms of the laws contradict each other. Additionally, it is impossible to apply a legal analogy while determining the procedure for the use of trademarks in contractual relations. This article is aimed to analyze relevant provisions of the legislative acts regulating the issues of determination of the legal status of trademarks followed by providing suggestions on the improvement and unification of the current legislation.
PRODUCTION OF PRE-INTERVIEW CHECK IN CASES OF FRAUD: TACTICAL FEATURES, PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM
Authors:   Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Sabyrbaeva Aynura
Published: February 2023

Technological progress, modernization of entrepreneurial activity, applying new ways of earning, business, the development of economic relations has led to increased interest of fraudsters. Traditional types of fraud, such as the promise of employment of the victim, did not assume such a geography of the crime and the circle of victims, as with modern types of fraud using information and communication technologies, the Internet, software, social messengers. This article discusses the procedural procedure for conducting pre-investigation checks on modern types of fraud, as well as the tactical features of its production. To solve the difficulties in the investigation of modern forms of fraud, such as masquerading as civil law torts, criteria for their delineation have been developed. It also provides a list of issues and circumstances to be established during the pre-investigation inspection, as well as the procedure for the seizure, inspection and registration of new types of evidence. Despite the computerization of all spheres of society, applying new types of fraud, the identification of new types of evidence and traces (electronic), the procedure for the seizure, inspection and registration of electronic evidence is not regulated procedurally (there is no concept of «electronic evidence»), as well as there is no unified approach to the production of certain investigative actions for detection and the withdrawal of such evidence. The article presents the opinions of scientists regarding the conceptual apparatus of «electronic evidence», as well as on the tactics of seizure, inspection and fixation of electronic evidence using modern technologies and software. In conclusion, proposals for amendments and additions to the criminal procedure legislation were put forward.
THE CONCEPT OF THE INSTITUTION OF TERMINATION OF A CRIMINAL CASE AND PROCEDURAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Makhmudov Sunnat
Published: February 2023

In this article, at the stage of implementation of the judicial and legal reform, on the basis of the norms of criminal and criminal procedural legislation, the concept of the institution of termination of a criminal case, its specificity, and procedural significance was formulated. The article explores the scope of this institution on the basis of the views put forward by scientists regarding the institution of termination of a criminal case. Based on the views and ideas put forward by scientists, the concept of termination of a criminal case was analyzed through scientific, theoretical, practical, and legislative norms. At the same time, the article analyzes the role and significance of the termination of a criminal case in the criminal process, its specificity, and some problems that arise in criminal procedure legislation and judicial and investigative practice. The article gives the author’s definition of the termination of a criminal case through a comparative analysis of the opinions of scientists on the termination of a criminal case, consideration on the basis of our legislation of the concepts contained in the definitions given by them. Based on the results of the analysis, relevant conclusions, proposals, and recommendations were made regarding the concept of the institution of termination of a criminal case in criminal proceedings, its specificity, and its significance in criminal and criminal procedure legislation.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ACADEMIC YEAR IN TEACHING LEGAL ENGLISH FOR LAW MAJORS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Rasulova Mahbuba
Published: February 2023

This article seeks to provide a detailed overview focusing on the significance of an academic year in teaching legal English for law majors at tertiary level. Case study is used to analyze observation data as it is an empirical investigation of contemporary phenomena within real-life contexts. The study is within Tashkent State University of Law (TSUL). One group of first-year students and one group of second-year students of TSUL participated in the study. Two groups were chosen and their classes were observed. After classroom observations, some volunteers were invited to the interview. The data was analyzed based on the Grounded theory as it preserves the holistic nature of the data. The study suggested that starting teaching Legal English from the second academic year would be more useful and practical as the students are likely to have less knowledge on the legal topic when they are freshmen.
DEVELOPMENT OF CRIMINAL LAW NORMS ESTABLISHING LIABILITY FOR CRIMES AGAINST PERSONAL FREEDOM
Authors:   Samarkand State University, Kurbanov Davlat
Published: February 2023

This article analyzes the stages of the development of criminal law norms that determine responsibility for crimes against the freedom of a person. Freedom implies the ability of people to determine their own destiny, goals and aspirations, to realize them independently according to their subjective will. That is why in all periods of historical development, people have been striving for freedom and fighting for freedom and liberty. In this article, Hammurabi’s laws, the laws of Ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, Islamic law, the laws of the khanates in our country, the laws of the Emirate era, the laws of the Soviet regime, and the issue of responsibility for crimes against individual freedom are analyzed in detail. Specifically, a comparative legal analysis of the criminal laws of 1926, 1959, and 1994, which were in force in Uzbekistan that established responsibility for crimes against a person’s freedom have been conducted. In this case, the norms defining responsibility for crimes against the freedom of a person in the mentioned criminal laws have been analyzed, the different aspects of these norms from the norms defined in the current criminal law have been determined, and the issues of restoring the positive experiences existing in the processes of historical development and improving the current criminal law have been studied. The author put forward conclusions on these issues.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE FOR THE SUPERVISION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LAND LEGISLATION
Authors:   Academy of the General Prosecutor’s Office of  the Republic of Uzbekistan, Abduxakimov Murodullo
Published: February 2023

This article is devoted to the analysis of the scope of activities of the prosecutor’s office authorized to monitor the implementation of land legislation, some issues of mutual distribution of responsibilities between them, issues related to the regulation of land relations in foreign countries, the tasks and powers of foreign prosecutor’s offices in the land sphere, and includes proposals for improving legislation. In particular, some aspects of the organization of the relevant departments of the General Prosecutor’s Office and territorial Prosecutor’s offices, which are responsible for overseeing the implementation of land legislation, improving their activities, specialized prosecutor’s offices organized for nature protection control tasks for the implementation of land legislation. Moreover, statistical data on the issue under study, scientific views of research scientists and opinions of specialists are also presented, as well as attention is paid to the theoretical aspects of the analyzed subject. As a result of studying the experience in the field of control over the implementation of legislation in the field of land use in foreign countries, namely in western countries, it was concluded that the main activity of the prosecutor’s office is aimed at ensuring the participation of the prosecutor in a court proceeding, аnd in the CIS countries, the function of prosecutor’s supervision is dominant.
THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES OF APPLYING THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGAL CERTAINTY IN THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Yusupov Ilhomjon
Published: February 2023

Any legislative system and branch of law operate on the basis of specific basic rules and criteria combined based on certain generality. These criteria directly serve as a basis for all areas of law. This criterion is manifested in the form of legal principles. This scientific article provides substantiated opinions on the concept of the principles of law and the principle of legal certainty, the role and importance of the principle of legal certainty in the legislative process. The specific aspects of the principle of legal certainty, the results that can be expected as a result of the widespread application of the principle of legal certainty in practice have been described. The author gave an opinion that the principle of legal certainty is necessary for all spheres of legal regulation, for all branches of law and is mandatory for all legislators, the need for the principle of accuracy is necessary for the legislative activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Opinions and analytical data of scholars and the author on the principle of legal certainty in the field of law are given. At the same time, information is provided on the specifics of the principle of legal certainty.
SUBJECTIVE SIGNS OF LEGALIZATION OF REVENUE RECEIVED FROM CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Fazilov Farkhod
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the general concept of money laundering. All over the world, the international community, including the United Nations, recognizes the legalization of proceeds from crime as one of the most widespread and dangerous transnational crimes. The growing danger of the legalization of criminal proceeds in the modern world is of concern to the vast majority of countries in the world community. According to experts, “in recent years, the proceeds from various kinds of crimes in the field of money laundering have been from 2 to 5% of the total world gross product, that is, from 1 to 3 trillion US dollars”. With the globalization of the world financial system, the question arises of the need to coordinate the efforts of states to combat money laundering at the international level. In the world, special importance is attached to the fight against crime, the imposition of sentences by the courts for crimes committed in accordance with the principle of justice, and the liberalization of criminal legislation. Thus, special attention is paid to conducting research in the field of determining responsibility for the legalization of proceeds from crime and preventing the causes and conditions that contribute to its occurrence, the correct qualification of this crime, and strengthening the implementation of international standards in this area in national legislation
CONCEPT OF LEGAL REGULATION OF VIRTUAL LABOR MIGRATION AND PROSPECTS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Musaev Bekzod
Published: February 2023

"This article examines the prospects of regulating virtual labor migration, its consequences, and causes, which are formed as a result of changes in the process of demographics and globalization. By the end of 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the world, the introduction of serious restrictions in the field of the labor force and foreign labor migration, which has a particularly important role in the economy of the country, made it necessary to develop a new form of ensuring the labor safety of the population with the aim of improving this field and developing a virtual labor institute. According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), the number of remote workers in the world is 17%, and in Japan and the USA, this figure has reached almost 40%. These figures indicate the need to improve the public and the private legal system at the national level, to improve the labor migration system, and to develop a more effective mechanism for protecting the rights of virtual labor migrants. In the world, special attention is being paid to the issue of creating a legal basis for virtual labor migration, expanding the means of the national legal protection of the rights of labor migration, and creating a legal basis for applying “artificial intelligence” technology to the management of labor migration as a research direction of significant scientific and practical importance. The author puts forward a firm position that the main direction in finding a legal solution to the issues related to the regulation of virtual migration should be information technologies aimed at guaranteeing the right of a person to move from one place to another and to work and simplify these processes. "
OMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE LABOR LEGISLATION OF THE CIS STATES REGARDING THE TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT DUE TO CIRCUMSTANCES BEYOND THE CONTROL OF THE PARTIES
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Murodullayev Dostonjon
Published: February 2023

This article provides a comparative legal analysis of the labor legislation of the CIS countries in terms of termination of employment contracts due to circumstances beyond the control of the parties. When developing the Labor Codes of the CIS countries, attention was paid to their economic model. In the development of the Labor Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the role of the “Uzbek model” chosen by Uzbekistan for a phased transition to a market economy was of particular importance. In the labor legislation of the CIS countries, the death of an employee or employer who is an individual, as well as the recognition by the court of an employee or employer who is an individual, dead or missing, are circumstances beyond the control of the will of the parties regarding the conclusion of an employment contract. According to the current Labor Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, an employment contract can be terminated on this basis only in connection with the death of an employee. In some CIS countries, non-election to a position (including by competition) is the basis for termination of an employment contract due to circumstances beyond the control of the parties. In connection with non-election for a new term (failure to pass through the competition) or refusal to participate in elections (competition), the employment contract is terminated in accordance with paragraph six of Article 97 of the current Labor Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Because this situation is one of the general grounds for the termination of the employment contract