bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Healthcare services utilization by respiratory tract infections patients attending primary healthcare centers in Qatar
Authors: Islam Nazmul , Alam M Fasihul
Published: November 2019

Background: Respiratory-tract-infections (RTIs) are a common indication, and responsible for most of the healthcare services use at primary care. The study aimed to investigate the utilization and determinants of a number of healthcare services use by local Qatari patients presented at selected primary health centers in Qatar. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using an electronic database that captured RTI-related healthcare services use from selected primary care health centers in Qatar during July 2015 to December 2017. Trends in monthly rates of healthcare services utilization were investigated via a linear regression, while patient-level count data on utilization were used to estimate a negative binomial regression to identify determinants of each of the four healthcare services use. Results: In total, 171447 RTI-related visits were made by 58786 patients during July 2015 to December 2017. The mean age (± SD) of participants is 24.80 (±18.5) years, and 48.91% of them are male. The highest number of patients with a comorbidity was diabetes (12.85%), followed by hypertension (10.54%). There was a small but statistically significant decreasing trend in the monthly rates of antibiotics consumption and an increasing trend in the rates of tests/investigations done, with less number of utilization during summer months. Healthcare services utilization varied significantly across age-categories and whether patients had one of the five comorbidities. Age and comorbidity status appeared to be important predictors for patient-level healthcare services utilization. Conclusion: The study produces results on selected primary healthcare services utilization by local RTI patients, which are in line with evidence from the literature. It facilitates an evidence-base for policymakers to comprehend the scale of the problem and plan a better management of RTIs at primary care setting in Qatar.
Comparison of Fully-Covered vs Partially Covered Self-Expanding Metallic Stents for Palliative Treatment of Inoperable Esophageal Malignancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Chunmei , Wei Hua , Li Yuxia
Published: November 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes following placement of fully covered self-expanding metallic stents (FCSEMS) vs partially covered self-expanding metallic stents (PCSEMS) for palliative treatment of inoperable esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) databases from inception up to 10 th July 2019. Studies comparing clinical outcomes with FCSEMS vs PCSEMS in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer requiring palliative treatment for dysphagia were included. Results: Five studies were included in the review. 299 patients received FCSEMS while 313 patients received PCSEMS in the five studies. Improvement in dysphagia was reported with both FCSEMS and PCSEMS in the included studies. Meta-analysis indicated no significant difference in technical success between the two groups (Odds ratio [OR] 1.32, 95%CI 0.30-5.03, P= 0.78; I 2 =12%). There was no difference in the rates of stent migration between FCSEMS and PCSEMS (OR 1.32, 95%CI 0.30-5.03, P= 0.78; I 2 =12%). Similarly, there was no difference between the two stents for obstruction due to tissue growth (OR 0.86, 95%CI 0.51-1.44, P= 0.56; I 2 =7%) or by food (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.10-1.06, P= 0.06; I 2 =23%). Incidence of bleeding (OR 0.57, 95%CI 0.21-1.58, P= 0.28; I 2 =0%) and chest pain (OR 1.06, 95%CI 0.44-2.57, P= 0.89; I 2 =0%) was similar in the two groups. Sub-group analysis of RCTs and non-RCTs produced similar results. The overallrall quality of studies was not high. Conclusion: Our results indicate that there is no difference in technical success, stent migration, and stent obstruction, with FCSEMS or PCSEMS when used for palliative treatment of esophageal malignancy. Further RCTs are required to provide stronger evidence on this topic.
The Effect of Preoperative Anxiety Level on Mean Platelet Volume and Propofol Consumption
Authors: uysal ali ihsan , Altıparmak Başak , Toker Melike Korkmaz , Dede Gülseda , Sezgin Çiğdem , Demirbilek Semra Gümüş
Published: November 2019

Background: The mean platelet volume (MPV) is an important indicator of platelet function with large platelets showing higher enzymatic and metabolic activity than other platelets. There can be a relationship between increased platelet activity and anxiety and depression. Our primary hypothesis was that patients with high anxiety scores would have higher MPV, and the secondary hypothesis was that propofol induction time and total propofol consumption within the first 30 min of surgery would be higher in patients with higher anxiety scores. Methods: The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was administered to the participating patients one day before surgery to evaluate the level of anxiety. Based on the scores from the BAI, 40 patients with an anxiety score of <8 were assigned to the non-anxious group (Group NA) and 40 patients with an anxiety score of ³8 were assigned to the anxious group (Group A). At the anesthesia induction the mean time to achieve an entropy value below 60 (T1) was recorded. The total intraoperative propofol consumption within the first 30 min was recorded. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of preoperative MPV and demographic data, including age and sex. The mean total propofol consumption at 30 min after induction in the groups was statistically significant. The cut-off value for MPV was calculated as 9.65. Conclusions: The preoperative MPV values and propofol consumption at 30 minutes among patients with high preoperative anxiety scores were high. We suggest that MPV is helpful in the clinical practice in predicting the amount of anesthetic agents required for the induction of anesthesia.
Effects of Different Doses of Magnesium Sulfate on Pneumoperitoneum-related Hemodynamic Changes in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Laparoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
Authors: Tan Wei , Qian Dong-chen , Zheng Meng-meng , Lu Xuan , Han Yuan , Qi Dun yi
Published: November 2019

Background: The infusion of magnesium sulfate is well known to reduce arterial pressure and attenuate hemodynamic response to pneumoperitoneum. This study aimed to investigate whether different doses of magnesium sulfate can effectively attenuate the pneumoperitoneum-related hemodynamic changes and the release of vasopressin in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: Sixty-nine patients undergoing laparoscopic partial gastrectomy were randomized into three groups: group L received magnesium sulfate 30 mg/kg loading dose and 15 mg/kg/h continuous maintenance infusion for 1 h; group H received magnesium sulfate 50 mg/kg followed by 30 mg/kg/h for 1 h; and group S (control group) received same volume 0.9% saline infusion, immediately before the induction of pneumoperitoneum. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR), cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure(CVP), serum vasopressin and magnesium concentrations were measured. The extubation time, visual analogue scale were also assessed. The primary outcome is the difference in SVR between different groups. The secondary outcome is the differences of other indicators between groups, such as CO, MAP, HR, CVP, vasopressin and postoperative pain score. Results: Pneumoperitoneum instantly resulted in a significant reduction of cardiac output and an increase in mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, central venous pressure and heart rate in the control group (P < 0.01). The mean arterial pressure (T2 – T4), systemic vascular resistance (T2 – T3), central venous pressure(T3-T5) and the level of serum vasopressin were significantly lower (P < 0.05) and the cardiac output (T2 – T3) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group H than those in the control group. The mean arterial pressure (T4), systemic vascular resistance (T2), and central venous pressure(T3-T4) were significantly lower in group H than those in group L (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the visual analog scales at 5 min and 20 min, the level of vasopressin, and the dose of remifentanil were significantly decreased in group H compared to the control group and group L (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate could safely and effectively attenuate the pneumoperitoneum-related hemodynamic instability during gastrointestinal laparoscopy and improve postoperative pain at serum magnesium concentrations above 2 mmol/L.
In Vitro Regeneration of Coral Tree from Three Different Explants Using Thidiazuron
Authors: Javed Saad B. , Alatar Abdulrahman A. , Anis Mohammad , El-Sheikh Mohamed A.
Published: November 2019

The coral tree (Erythrina variegata) is a multipurpose horticultural plant with a plethora of medicinally important alkaloids. Regeneration via tissue culture can provide an efficient alternative to seed-grown plantlets and reduce the cost of the plant significantly. Thidiazuron (TDZ) is an efficient plant growth regulator and is effective in numerous species. However, the response to it varies with the type and position of the tissue on the plantlet treated. This study was carried out to ascertain the best tissue types for micropropagation of the coral tree using TDZ. Three tissue types (shoot tip, nodal, and hypocotyl), originating from different strata of the plantlet were evaluated. Adventitious shoots were observed in all three explants at the tested concentrations. However the quality and the shoot number varied significantly with the type of explant. Explants with a meristematic zone (shoot tip and nodal) were more responsive to the treatment compared with hypocotyl tissue lacking preexisting meristem. Nodal explants produced the maximum number of shoots (about eight) per explant after 4 weeks of culture, whereas shoot tips produced about only five shoots per explant at an equimolar concentration (1.5 µm). Approximately three shoots were observed in hypocotyl explants. Moreover, growth and rooting of the regenerated shoots was influenced by the origin of the explants. The molecular characterization of the regenerants using intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers revealed genetic homogeneity among regenerants. An efficient micropropagation method for the coral tree is described.
Jomlo sampai Halal: Refleksi Sosiologis Budaya Generasi Milenial pada Mahasiswa Jomlo di IAIN Pontianak
Authors: Khairunnisyah Khairunnisyah , Prasojo Zaenuddin Hudi
Published: November 2019

The article is based on the fact that “jomlo” or being single has become a new trend as a sociological pheno­menon and the product of the practice of hijrah within the life of Muslim youth, especially Indonesian Muslim students. The concept of dating for those who practice the "men-jomlo" is very important in this work today. They, in fact, have unintentionally started to create a new culture of being njomlo although they are not being involved in a community designed for those practicing njomlo. This work attempts to provide analytical discussions on the concept of dating according to the students who practice the njomlo, what they mean by jomlo to halal, and their motivation to practice the njomlo. With the support of qualitative data, the work provides important findings on the practice of njomlo by the students of IAIN Pontianak. First, generally, the students agree that dating tends to lead to negative than positive attitudes so that they decide to choose being single or njomlo until they get married for halal relationship. Second, they believe that Islam does not have a concept of dating as understood by the youth today in the modern world and there is no Islamic dating. Third, religious conciseness has become the main element to motivate them so that they tend to rather choose to practice njomlo until they find their halal wife as they say “jomlo sampai halal."
Post-Sekulerisme Islam Populis di Indonesia
Authors: Mujibuddin M , Zuliana Rina
Published: November 2019

This article explores the phenomenology of post-secularism in Indonesia. Populist Islamic movement strike for islamization public sphere as a sign of post-secularism in Indonesia. The islamization proceeded both in government dan the public sphere. These phenomena show that the community of urban Muslims can’t leave religious aspects in the public sphere. This research uses the qualitative-description method and library research models. The first result of this research shows that Islamic populism is coming from the urban Muslim middle class who have access to the modern world. Second, the populist Islamic movement who did islamization of the public sphere shows the strengthening of religion's role in the public sphere.
KONTEKSTUALISASI SUFISME BAGI MASYARAKAT URBAN
Authors: Rubaidi Rubaidi
Published: November 2019

This paper critically examines the important roles of the presence of Sufism institutions for the urban middle class. Writing taken from research on the Majelis Shalawat Muhammad in Surabaya and Bojonegoro presents constructive thinking as well as the creative practices of the murshid, Gus Kahar and Gus Mustakim. Both managed to "reconcile" between modernity and spirituality. The concept of positive sufism and positive zuhud based on Gus Kahar and Gud Mustakim make a significant contribution as well as a reference for urban middle-class people who are often confused and uncertain in combining Islam and modernity. In accordance with the mission of Islam from the beginning of its birth, Islam (sufism) taught in the Majelis Shalawat Muhammad was felt to liberate its jama’ah from diseases suffered by urban communities such as the reason for being analyzed, disorientated, distorted, and so on
ATP-EMTP Kullanılarak 154 kV Çatal Pilon Direkli Havai İletim Hatları için Direk opraklama Direncinin Yıldırım Aşırı Gerilimine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ŞEKER Mustafa , ÇIKAN Murat
Published: November 2019

Yıldırım çarpmalarının neden olduğu aşırı gerilimler elektrik güç sistemlerinde önemli elektrik kesintilerine ve sistemelemanlarının ciddi hasar görmesine neden olmaktadır. Yüksek gerilim direklerinde ve transformatörlerinde koruma topraklamasıkullanılmaktadır ve koruma topraklaması haricinde özel bir koruma yöntemi uygulanmamaktadır. Havai iletim hatlarında yıldırımçarpmaları genellikle yıldırımın koruma iletkenine çarpması veya direğe çarpması şeklinde görülmektedir. İletim hattı yıldırım darbesinemaruz kaldığında yıldırım akımı direk topraklaması üzerinden toprağa akar. Yıldırım darbesi direk topraklama direncine bağlı olarakdirek üzerinde yüksek gerilimlerin oluşmasına neden olur. Oluşan bu gerilim izolatör darbe geriliminin üzerinde oluşursa izolatörlerinhasar görmesine yol açar. Bu nedenle yüksek gerilim iletim hatlarında direk topraklama direncinin belirlenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Buçalışmada, Türkiye’ de 154 kV enerji nakil hatlarında yaygın olarak kullanılan çatal pilon direkli iletim hattının koruma iletkenine vetaşıyıcı direğine yıldırım çarpması ile ortaya çıkabilecek aşırı gerilimler Alternative Transient Program (ATP) kullanılarak analizedilmiştir. Analizde çatal pilon direğin eşdeğer modeli üniform olmayan direk modeli olarak tanımlanmıştır. Yıldırım akımı dalga formuise 8/20 μs’ lik yıldırım darbesine sahip Heidler fonksiyonu olarak modellenmiştir. Direk topraklama elektrotunun farklı pozisyonları veuzunlukları için direk toprak direncinin yıldırım çarpmalarında oluşan aşırı gerilimler üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, aynıtoprak yapısına sahip direklerde, 5 metre altındaki kısa elektrot uzunluğu ile yapılacak topraklamalarda yatay topraklama yapılmasınınizolatör üzerindeki aşırı gerilimleri azalttığını göstermektedir. Eğer elektrot uzunluğu 5 metrenin üzerinde olursa dikey topraklamayapılması önerilmektedir. 154 kV çatal pilon direklerinin kurulacağı alanda toprak yapısı detaylı olarak incelenmeli ve toprak yapısınauygun olarak topraklama elektrodu ve elektrot pozisyonu seçilmelidir.
Impact of Chlorine Doping on the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: COŞKUN Fatih Mehmet , AYDOĞAN Şakir
Published: November 2019

In this paper the effect of Cl doping on optical, photovoltaic and morphological properties of mixed halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3-xClx) structure in a solar cell has been reported. The perovskite layer was spin-coated by employing sequential deposition method over a PEDOT-PSS hole transport layer. Lastly, the device was finished by coating Al via thermal evaporation. The addition of 10% methylammonium chloride (MACl) by weight into the methylammonium iodide (MAI) solution as additive was improved the photovoltaic performance of the solar cell, since the Cl doping has positive effect on the growth of perovskite crystals in the final film. Furthermore, addition of MACl enables the formation of smoother films and thus reduces photocurrent leakage due to pinholes or incomplete surface coverage. The Cl doping also increases reproducibility of planar devices for consistent device results.
The Relationship Between Abdominal Subcutan Fat Tissue Thickness and HbA1c in Pregnant Women
Authors: Demir Aslihan Dilara , Karli Pervin , Ayan Durmus
Published: November 2019

Objective: Obesity is a very common and important health problem and it has become widespread all over the world. Fat tissue is one of the major endocrine organs. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated with many diseases such as coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, impaired lipid profile. Pregnancy is a special condition with metabolic changes involving all systems. We aimed to investigate the relationship and correlation between abdominal fat and HbA1c because of the specific metabolic conditions in pregnancy.Study Design: This is a retrospective study. Ninety-nine (n=99) pregnant women between the ages of 20 and 40 were included in the present study. They have not any other chronic diseases. Ultrasonography was performed between 16.-28. weeks. Abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue was measured during 16-28 weeks of pregnancy. Routine biochemical parameters and HbA1c were evaluated.Results: Subcutaneous fat tissue had a positive correlation with metabolic parameters such as weight and BMI, and a negative correlation with vitamin D level. There is a positive strong correlation with HbA1c level. There was not any correlation between HbA1c and metabolic parameters like triglyceride, LDL, HDL, and cholesterol.Conclusion: There was a strong positive correlation between abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and HbA1c. However, we didn’t find any correlation between infant weight and metabolic parameters.
Reflejos para la construcción del perdón en el conflicto armado interno de Colombia
Authors: Vásquez Santamaría Jorge Eduardo
Published: November 2019

Ruanda, Bosnia Herzegovina y Colombia desde los años noventa viven procesosde transición a través de los cuales buscan pasar de conflictos socialesa la reconciliación y la paz.

Tomando como base esos escenarios que históricamente coincidieron comolugares para la expresión de la violencia y el enfrentamiento se pretende recrearla configuración del perdón a partir de la crónica como género literario.

El ejercicio, ejecutado desde un modelo cualitativo con enfoque históricohermenéutico centrado en la investigación documental, arroja una reflexiónteórica del perdón que devela una mirada donde se entremezclansignificados que lo comprometen con su dimensión de acción humana, supotencial frente al mal generado, con su condicionamiento, el olvido y lamemoria.
Synthesis of hydroxyapatite from mussel shells for effective adsorption of aqueous Cd(II)
Authors: Meski S. , Tazibt N. , Khireddine H. , Ziani S. , Biba W. , Yala S. , Sidane D. , Boudjouan F. , Moussaoui N.
Published: November 2019

We report the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAP) powder from waste mussel shells (decomposed to CaO) and phosphoric acid at room temperature without pH control. The powder synthesized was utilized for cadmium removal from aqueous solutions using the batch technique. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dose; initial Cd2+ concentration, contact time, and temperatures were examined. Furthermore, the adsorption process revealed a pseudo-second-order reaction model and the Langmuir isotherm is the best-fit model to predict the experimental data and adsorption capacity was found to be 62.5 mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that because of the negative values of ΔGo and the positive value of ΔHo, the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Cadmium immobilization occurs through a two step mechanism: rapid ion exchange followed by partial dissolution of hydroxapatite and precipitation of cadmium containing hydroxyapatite.
Turismo e o pós-evento olímpico: uma gestão mercadológica da cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Vico Roberto Paolo , Chiundila Verónica Cecílio
Published: November 2019

A organização de um grande evento como uma Olimpíada comporta consideráveis investimentos que devem ser realizados para responder às exigências do Comitê Olímpico Internacional e, na atual conjuntura global, numa perspectiva de competição internacional, os sistemas territoriais são sempre mais chamados a elevar as próprias dotações estruturais e infraestruturais. É neste cenário que esses eventos deveriam desenvolver um importante papel como catalisadores de transformações territoriais e sociais, mudanças que às vezes não acontecem ou impactam de maneira negativa a população local e o território. O presente artigo propõe, a distância de alguns anos da realização da Olimpíada do Rio de Janeiro, uma síntese que sublinha as características e as problemáticas ligadas às heranças do megaevento, uma cidade influenciada pela crise econômica, política e social do Brasil nos últimos anos. Em particular, são analisados os principais aspetos negativos: as expropriações dos moradores, o enobrecimento de alguns bairros com o fenômeno da gentrification, a falência do sistema de segurança, o endividamento do Estado, a corrupção generalizada face aos elevados investimentos realizados bem como o abandono de muitas infraestruturas e instalações esportivas.

Palavras-chave: Turismo. Evento. Olimpíadas. Rio de Janeiro.
Editorial
Authors: Lanzarini Ricardo
Published: November 2019

Apresentação dos artigos da Edição Especial (outubro de 2019).
Benelüks Ülke Borsalarında Haftanın Günü ve Ay Dönümü Anomalilerinin Test Edilmesi
Authors: Kayral İhsan Erdem
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Benelüks ülke borsalarında 10 yıllık
(01.03.2010-01.03.2019) dönemde haftanın günü ve ay dönümü anomalilerinin test
edilmesidir. Getiri serilerini elde etmek için Belçika (BEL20), Hollanda (AEX)
ve Lüksemburg’daki (LUXX) üç borsa endeksinin kapanış fiyatları kullanılmıştır.
Borsaların getiri serilerinin diğer finansal serilere benzer şekilde
heterokedastisite sorununun bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, analiz
dönemi için BEL20, AEX ve LUXX Borsa Endekslerinde haftanın beş günü ve ay
dönümü kukla değişkenlerinin bulunduğu GARCH (1,1) modelleri uygulanmıştır.
Çalışmamızdaki sonuçlara göre, salı gününe ait olağan üstü getiri nedeniyle
yalnızca AEX Borsasında haftanın günü etkisi bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, herhangi
bir borsada ay dönümü etkisine rastlanmamıştır.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Sosyal Ağ Sitelerini Kullanma Durumlarına Göre Sosyal Anlatımcılık Beceri Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Hark Söylemez Nesrin , Oral Behçet
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışma öğretmen adaylarının sosyal
ağ sitelerini kullanım durumlarına göre sosyal anlatımcılık beceri düzeylerini
incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaca uygun olarak araştırmada tarama modeli
kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini 2012-2013 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar
yarıyılında bir devlet üniversitesinde lisans programına devam eden 701 öğretmen
adayı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada, sosyal ağ sitelerinin kullanımıyla ilgili
veriler araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen "Sosyal Ağ Siteleri Kullanım
Anketi" ile elde edilmiş; sosyal beceri düzeyleri ise Riggio tarafından
1989 yılında geliştirilen ve Türkçeye uyarlaması 2004 yılında Galip Yüksel
tarafından yapılan "Sosyal Beceri Envanteri" ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Araştırmanın verileri, parametrik testlerin varsayımlarını yerine
getirmediğinden, verilerin analizinde Mann- Whitney U testi ve Kruskal Wallis
Varyans Analizi kullanılmıştır. Kruskal Wallis varyans analizi sonucunda
anlamlı fark bulunduğu takdirde farkın hangi gruplar arasında olduğunu
belirlemek için Bonferroni düzeltmeli Mann Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır.
Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre öğretmen adaylarının sosyal anlatımcılık beceri
düzeyleri; sosyal ağlara üye olma durumlarına, sosyal ağ sitelerine üye
oldukları süreye, aktif olarak kullandıkları sosyal ağ sayısına, sosyal ağ
sitelerinde bir günde ortalama geçirdikleri süreye, sosyal ağ sitelerinde yer
alan içeriklere yorum yazma durumlarına, sosyal ağ sitelerindeki yazışmalarında
yüz simgelerini kullanma durumlarına göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermektedir.
Ancak öğretmen adaylarının sosyal anlatımcılık beceri düzeyleri, sosyal ağları
en fazla kullanma amaçlarına göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemektedir. Elde
edilen sonuçlara dayalı olarak öneriler sunulmuştur.
Organizma Metaforunun Eğitim Örgütlerine Yansımaları
Authors: Katıtaş Sevda
Published: November 2019

Örgütlere
farklı açılardan bakmamızı sağlayan metaforlar, bizlere örgütleri yapı ve
işleyiş bakımından derinlemesine inceleme fırsatı vermektedir. Bu bağlamda, örgütün
doğasını açıklamada en yaygın kullanılan metaforlardan biri organizma
metaforudur. Organizma metaforu ile örgütler organizmalara benzetilmektedir.
Organizma metaforu örgütün tıpkı bir organizmada olduğu gibi doğumdan ölüme
kadar geçen süreçte değişen çevresel koşullara nasıl uyum sağladığını
anlamamıza katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle organizma metaforu
kapsamındaki yönetim kuramları incelenmiştir. Daha sonra organizma metaforunun
güçlü ve zayıf yönleri ele alınarak bu metaforun eğitim örgütlerine yansıması
konusu tartışılmıştır.
An Update on the Immunological, Metabolic and Genetic Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions
Authors: Mayorga Cristobalina , Montañez Maria I. , Jurado-Escobar Raquel , Gil-Ocaña Violeta , Cornejo-García Jose A.
Published: November 2019

:

Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) represent a major burden on the healthcare system since their diagnostic and management are complex. As they can be influenced by individual genetic background, it is conceivable that the identification of variants in genes potentially involved could be used in genetic testing for the prevention of adverse effects during drug administration. Most genetic studies on severe DHRs have documented HLA alleles as risk factors and some mechanistic models support these associations, which try to shed light on the interaction between drugs and the immune system during lymphocyte presentation. In this sense, drugs are small molecules that behave as haptens, and currently three hypotheses try to explain how they interact with the immune system to induce DHRs: the hapten hypothesis, the direct pharmacological interaction of drugs with immune receptors hypothesis (p-i concept), and the altered self-peptide repertoire hypothesis. The interaction will depend on the nature of the drug and its reactivity, the metabolites generated and the specific HLA alleles. However, there is still a need of a better understanding of the different aspects related to the immunological mechanism, the drug determinants that are finally presented as well as the genetic factors for increasing the risk of suffering DHRs. Most available information on the predictive capacity of genetic testing refers to abacavir hypersensitivity and anticonvulsants-induced severe cutaneous reactions.

:

Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of DHRs will help us to identify the drugs likely to induce DHRs and to manage patients at risk.
Catalytic Alkyne/Alkene-Carbonyl Metathesis: Towards the Development of Green Organic Synthesis
Authors: Das Aniruddha , Sarkar Soumen , Chakraborty Baitan , Kar Abhishek , Jana Umasish
Published: November 2019

The construction of carbon-carbon bond through the metathesis reactions between carbonyls
and olefins or alkynes has attracted significant interest in organic chemistry due to its high atomeconomy
and efficiency. In this regard, carbonyl–alkyne metathesis is well developed and widely used
in organic synthesis for the atom-efficient construction of various carbocycles and heterocycles in the
presence of catalytic Lewis acids or Brønsted acids. On the other hand, alkene-carbonyl metathesis is
recently developed and has been a topic of great importance in the field of organic chemistry because
they possess attractive qualities involving metal-mediated, metal-free intramolecular, photochemical,
Lewis acid-mediated ring-closing metathesis, ring-opening metathesis and cross-metathesis. This review
covers most of the strategies of carbonyl–alkyne and carbonyl–olefin metathesis reactions in the
synthesis of complex molecules, natural products and pharmaceuticals as well as provides an overview
of exploration of the metathesis reactions with high atom-economy as well as environmentally and
ecologically benign reaction conditions.
Duccio Bonavia Berber
Authors: Samanez Argumedo Roberto
Published: November 2019

El primer número de la revista científica Devenir salió a la luz en junio de 2014, casi dos años después del fallecimiento del doctor Bonavia. Dada la trascendencia de su labor intelectual y su obra, ambas vinculadas alpatrimonio cultural, el Consejo Editorial consideró oportuno rendirle homenaje difundiendo su producciónentre las nuevas generaciones.
Reconstrucción virtual del Presidio de San Pedro del Gallo en el Camino Real de Tierra Adentro en México
Authors: Carrillo Acosta Roberto
Published: November 2019

Las investigaciones sobre fortificaciones y arquitectura militar son muy escasas, así como los esfuerzos por interpretar, reconstruir o recrear estos espacios, en el caso de haberse perdido la evidencia física de su existencia. La intención del presente trabajo es precisamente dar a conocer qué es un presidio, los espacios que lo componían y las actividades que allí se realizaban, a través de una reconstrucción histórica, pero también virtual, esta última llevada a cabo mediante levantamientos arquitectónicos. Con ello se espera lograr la puesta en valor de estas edificaciones y quizá, en un futuro, elevar una propuesta para que las fortificaciones del norte del Camino Real de Tierra Adentro sean declaradas como patrimonio cultural, en la categoría de patrimonio militar o fortificado.
San Blas: Del ocaso al renacimiento. Paradigma temprano de gestión del patrimonio en el sur peruano. El caso del barrio histórico de San Blas en la gestión municipal del Cusco 1990-1993
Authors: Gallardo Del Castillo Magaly , Casaverde Zamalloa Edgar , Pérez Bravo Jorge
Published: November 2019

La presente investigación analiza la política de gestión aplicada en las intervenciones realizadas en el Barrio Histórico de San Blas, emplazado en el Centro Histórico de Cusco, durante el periodo 1990-1993, gestión municipal del burgomaestre, abogado y político Daniel Estrada Pérez “Qosqoruna”. Dichas intervenciones, reunidas en el documento Obras de Remodelación Integral de antiguo Barrio de THOQO KACHI (San Blas), comprendieron “trabajos de pavimentación de sus pintorescas calles, iluminación moderna, tratamiento de fachadas y aguas pluviales” (Municipalidad del Qosqo, Mi Nuevo San Blas, 1993 p. 10), el tratamiento de la plaza y la inserción de paqchas(*), hecho que generó la apropiación e identificación del vecino sanblaseño con el espacio público, devenir del impacto sociocultural y económico positivo generado a raíz de la intervención en su traza urbana patrimonial.

(*) "Piletas" en quechua.
La representación arquitectónica del pasado: Significado versus vacío en La sexta lámpara de Pablo de Santis
Authors: Cavagnaro Farfán Franco
Published: November 2019

¿Cuáles son los vasos comunicantes entre arquitectura y literatura, entre lo concreto y habitable, y cuál la brecha entre lo lingüístico y la inhabitabilidad del espacio que se crea a través de las palabras? El objetivo de este artículo es evidenciar la complementariedad y las diferencias entre ambas disciplinas, a través de la novela La Sexta Lámpara (2004) de Pablo De Santis, que pone en el centro de su trama el desarrollo histórico de la arquitectura decimonónica y la moderna, los proyectos utópicos que derivan de ambas formas, y cómo se diferencian en el espacio geográfico europeo y americano. Para establecer estas conexiones y desarrollarlas, se emplean las ideas que David Spurr plantea en su libro Architecture & Modern Literature (2012).
Valoración patrimonial de la Unidad Vecinal N°3 (UV3) a partir de la perspectiva del sentido del lugar (SOP) de sus residentes
Authors: Benza Tassara Víctor
Published: November 2019

La investigación aborda un enfoque que recurre a herramientas provenientes de diversos campos de estudio, buscando puntos de convergencia multidisciplinar. Se plantea como objetivo explicar los tipos de conexiones que emplean los residentes de la Unidad Vecinal N°3 (UV3) con los bienes culturales contenidos dentro de su entorno físico y psicológico. Por ello, en principio, se revisó la literatura sobre el sentido comunitario en la UV3. Posteriormente, se revisaron los aportes teóricos sobre patrimonio cultural y Sentido de Lugar (SoP). Luego, se elaboró el instrumento de investigación que contiene un cuestionario con 16 preguntas especialmente redactadas para verificar el SoP en la UV3, el mismo que fue revisado y aprobado por el experto Dr. Julio Calderón Cockburn. Después, se seleccionó a un grupo variado de residentes, según el criterio de conveniencia para la ejecución del cuestionario.

Los resultados del estudio revelan que el SoP de los residentes participantes de este estudio demuestra un gran sentido comunitario, altos índices de identidad y de satisfacción con la UV3, y fuertes apegos al lugar de tipo biográfico, espiritual, ideológicos y narrativo.
Centros Urbanos de la Civilización Caral: 21 años recuperando la historia sobre el Sistema Social
Authors: Guzmán García Carlos Enrique
Published: November 2019

El título de esta publicación es contundente, pues denomina a los asentamientos que se desarrollaron hacia el año 3,000 a. C. en el valle de Supe fruto de una civilización con nombre propio: Caral.

Son nueve los centros urbanos del valle de Supe que se consideran en esta publicación realizada por Ruth Shady y su equipo profesional.

Los descubrimientos realizados durante los últimos 15 años en el valle de Supe (y Vichama, en la costa de Huaura) por la arqueóloga Ruth Shady y su equipo de trabajo han sido tan vastos que le han permitido plantear la existencia de un sistema social (última frase del título).
As Defesas da Ilha de Santa Catarina e do Rio Grande de Sao Pedro em 1786
Authors: Celis Estrada Diego
Published: November 2019

El presente libro se basa en el manuscrito original As Defesas da Ilha de Santa Catarina e do Rio Grande de Sao Pedro, elaborado entre 1786 y 1789 por el ingeniero militar José Correia Rangel, documento que contiene información muy valiosa: mapas, tablas, plantas de las fortificaciones y uniformes de las tropas de la época, además de la historia de las fortificaciones de Santa Catarina y de Rio Grande de San Pedro. A ello se ha añadido algunos contenidos adicionales y otros de carácter didáctico (textos introductorios y notas explicativas), que se complementan con fotografías de las fortificaciones aún existentes, otras ilustraciones de la época y un glosario.
Moquegua. Patrimonio Arquitectónico y Urbanístico. Planteamientos urbanísticos y arquitectónicos como contribución a la recuperación y conservación del carácter edilicio de la ciudad de Moquegua
Authors: Anchante Bautista Angela
Published: November 2019

Este libro, publicado por el Fondo Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, constituye un homenaje a la ciudad y un medio de divulgación útil para contribuir a formar la conciencia necesaria para preservarla, cultivarla, y evitar su fatal y definitiva extinción.
Using the Kano Model to Display the Association between Percentages of Keywords within Abstracts and Article Citations: A Bibliometric Study for JMIR Journals (Preprint)
Authors: Chou Po-Hsin , Chien Tsair-Wei , Wang Hsien-Yi , Chou Willy
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Academic literature suggests keywords are retrieved from paper’s title and abstract. However, none explored the percentages of keywords within an abstract (PKWA) and investigated the association with the article citations so far.

OBJECTIVE

We compared the PKWA in journals and investigated the association between PLWA and article citations for scientifically scholar journals.

METHODS

Selecting 2,796 abstracts and the corresponding keywords from 15 JMIR journals published between 2017 to 2018 on the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health(Pubmed.org), we downloaded the number of citations matched by the PKWA for each article and then investigated the association between them. Choropleth maps were used to present the most productive and cited countries/areas in JMIR journals. The PKWA for each journal was transformed into odds by using the formula(=PKWA/(1-PKWA)) and displayed on a dashboard using the bootstrapping method to compare the differences across journals. The Kano model was applied to interpret the association between PKWA and the article citations.

RESULTS

The overall PKWA for the 15 JMIR journals is 65.3%. The top three most productive and cited countries are from the United States, the United Kington, and Canada. The differences in PKWA were found among JMIR journals. Only 0.4% of articles with lower PKWA had the tendencies toward a higher number of citations using the Kano diagram to interpret the results. The most influential article with PMID=28663162 published in 2017 has been cited 78 times, but only one keyword “health behavior” that exits in the context. The PKWA is 0.16(=1/6) for this article.

CONCLUSIONS

The moderate PKWA(=65.3%) urges us to reconsider whether keywords should be(or must be) from the paper’s title and abstract. The effect on searching PubMed for a keyword will be duplicated if the scheme with [All Fields] is applied. The number of keywords in the context can increase the visibility of an article which is a merit good for discusses in the future.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not available
El derecho internacional penal y la justicia penal internacional en el tercer milenio
Authors: Velázquez Elizarrarás Juan Carlos
Published: November 2019

El derecho internacional que se manifiesta a través de su rama penal cobra hoy enorme relevancia porque vivimos en el contexto de una sociedad global de características conflictuales y patológicas, donde imperan la violencia, el caos y el desorden, la inseguridad, el demérito de los valores, las conductas delictuosas, los crí- menes y las formas de organización internacional criminal, las infracciones a la ley y la impunidad en todas sus acepciones. En este artículo, el autor presenta el primer acercamiento a lo que él denomina “ un nuevo enfoque teórico-conceptual del derecho internacional penal” . En donde juega un papel importante la justicia penal internacional a través de la Corte Penal Internacional.
The Universal Jurisdiction Principle: Nature and Scope
Authors: Benavides Luis
Published: November 2019

La jurisdicción universal es una base excepcional para que un Estado juzgue a un criminal extranjero por ofensas no cometidas ni dentro de su territorio ni contra sus nacionales. Existe consenso respecto del carácter excepcional de este derecho, ya que pretende proteger los valores e intereses más fundamentales de la comunidad. Este derecho debe distinguirse del principio aut dedere aut judicare. Un factor relevante para determinar si una conducta está sujeta a la jurisdicción excepcional es la doble opinio juris respecto tanto de su status como crimen internacional, como de que está de hecho sujeta a jurisdicción universal. Parece claro que la piratería, la esclavitud, crímenes de guerra, crímenes contra la humanidad y el genocidio están sujetos a jurisdicción universal. Existe una creciente práctica de los Estados respecto del ejercicio de la jurisdicción universal, aunque se le critica con base en el ataque a la soberanía de otros Estados.
Tendencias sobre la observancia y la violación de los derechos humanos en México, 1996-2000
Authors: Degrelle Orlane
Published: November 2019

La autora analiza las tendencias en la observancia de los derechos humanos en México de 1996 a 2000 desde cuatro puntos de vista: el nivel gubernamental (Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos), la perspectiva de una organización no gubernamental (Centro de Derechos Humanos “Fray Francisco de Vitoria”), la perspectiva intergubernamental (Comisión Interamericana y de Naciones Unidas de Derechos Humanos), y el trabajo de Amnesty International y Human Rights Watch. Las principales violaciones en los reportes de estos cuerpos involucran los siguientes derechos individuales: derecho a defender los derechos humanos, a la vida, a la libertad personal a la integridad física y psicológica, libertad de opinión, expresión e información, a la seguridad jurídica y derechos de la mujer. Respecto de los derechos colectivos, la autora toca los derechos de los pueblos indí- genas y se refiere de modo general a los derechos económicos sociales y culturales. La autora concluye que las principales violaciones involucran la actividad de las fuerzas pú- blicas y la impunidad.
"Diplomacia total": multigeopoliticidad, grandeza de México
Authors: Olloqui José Juan de
Published: November 2019

La política exterior mexicana, tradicionalmente orientada por los principios incorporados en nuestra Constitución, puede replantearse empleando las ventajas geográficas mencionadas para impulsar una posición de liderazgo internacional. Tal política permitirá además tomar ventaja de las características del país como hispanohablante, como potencia cultural y economía emergente. Todo esto conduce a la práctica de lo que el autor denomina “Diplomacia total”, que implica aprovechar todas las oportunidades y flexibilizar las relaciones exteriores. Este tipo de relación con el exterior requerirá de la identificación del interés nacional, de la realidad internacional y de que se evalúen los recursos disponibles.
El Tratado de Niza. Entre la consolidación de la Unión Europea de Maastricht y el debate sobre el futuro de Europa
Authors: Pérez Carrillo Elena F.
Published: November 2019

Las principales reformas introducidas en el Tratado de Niza incluyen las cooperaciones reforzadas, cuestiones institucionales y la ampliación del uso de mayorías calificadas. El sistema de cooperaciones reforzadas, introducido en el Tratado de Amsterdam, fue fortalecido en Niza y permitirá una integración más rápida y profunda. La reforma institucional tocó el número de votos asignados en el Consejo Europeo, y la distribución de asientos en el Parlamento Europeo y en la comisión. En cuanto a la Corte de Justicia, varias de sus características podrán ser reformadas con el voto unánime del consejo en lugar de requerirse una Conferencia Intergubernamental. Ha habido cambios en la distribución de las competencias entre el Tribunal de Primera Instancia y la Corte de Justicia. Esta última será integrada por un juez por cada Estado miembro, y trabajará preferentemente en salas, y no en pleno como en el pasado.
El derecho internacional público del medio ambiente al inicio del siglo XXI
Authors: Rojas Amandi Víctor Manuel
Published: November 2019

El Derecho Internacional Público del Medio Ambiente (DIPMA) se ha desarrollado fundamentalmente desde fines de los años sesenta, en especial a partir de la Conferencia de Estocolmo. Respecto de sus fuentes, el autor aborda principalmente los tratados. El autor discute además el contenido del derecho consuetudinario en la materia, que incluye cuestiones sustantivas, procesales y de responsabilidad. El soft law y el papel de las organizaciones internacionales son considerados especialmente importantes en la materia. La retorsión y las represalias son consideradas más adecuadas que las contramedidas para aplicar obligaciones ambientales. La conclusión es que el DIPMA protege en particular la regeneración del medio ambiente, que es considerado un derecho humano. Sin embargo, la protección del ambiente está aún sujeta a prioridades económicas y políticas, ya sean nacionales o internacionales.
La prevención de conflictos bélicos en el derecho internacional actual. Las Naciones Unidas y el sistema interamericano
Authors: Gros Espiell Héctor
Published: November 2019

El autor hace una revisión de la prevención de conflictos bélicos como elemento para mantener la paz y la seguridad internacionales. En el marco de las Naciones Unidas, del sistema interamericano y de diversos tribunales internacionales, el autor lleva a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de las formas de prevención como son la diplomacia preventiva, las medidas de confianza, y las operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz, entre otras.
Los actos unilaterales de los Estados en derecho internacional: los trabajos de codificación en la Comisión de Derecho Internacional
Authors: Guerrero Peniche Nicolás , Rodríguez Cedeño Víctor
Published: November 2019

El relator especial sobre los actos unilaterales de los Estados acaba de entregar su quinto informe sobre el tema. Ante ello, y la perspectiva de un nuevo quinquenio que se inicia para los trabajos de la CDI, resulta interesante analizar detalladamente los avances logrados, y los problemas que se presentan para sistematizar su estudio y avanzar en su codificación. El presente artículo tiene por objeto realizar un estudio general de los actos unilaterales de los Estados, vistos éstos desde el enfoque propuesto por el relator especial. Así, los autores analizan principalmente lo relacionado con la definición, clasificación, condiciones de validez y causales de nulidad e interpretación de los actos unilaterales de los Estados.
Unificación y cohesión del continente europeo. Principales instrumentos jurídicos y económicos para la ampliación al Este
Authors: Pérez Carrillo Elena F.
Published: November 2019

Durante los primeros años del siglo XXI, la Unión Europea conocerá un proceso de ampliación sin precedentes. De la actual Europa de los 15, pasará a contar con 27, 28 o más miembros. Este reto supone tener en cuenta la entrada de países con variadas culturas y con sistemas socio-estructurales muy diferentes a los de Europa Occidental. Los mecanismos jurídicos, políticos y financieros para la preparación a la adhesión están en marcha. La adaptación al acervo comunitario, la cohesión económica y social, se encuentra entre los elementos que necesitan mayor atención y seguimiento para lograr el éxito.
El terrorismo y el derecho internacional
Authors: Serrano Figueroa Rafael
Published: November 2019

El autor analiza el fenómeno del terrorismo desde una perspectiva jurídica, donde se resalta los esfuerzos de la comunidad internacional por reprimirle. Para ello, realiza un diagnóstico de la realidad donde evalúa la creciente amenaza de esta actividad criminal, y la problemática que plantea al derecho en el camino de lograr una definición penal que sólo contenga elementos objetivos. Para esto, se hace referencia a la experiencia de los derechos nacionales, en cuanto a las formas jurídicas de su tipificación y castigo. Posteriormente, y en consecuencia de lo anterior, analiza las posibilidades en el ámbito internacional y los problemas planteados por esta conducta en las discusiones que dieron origen al Estatuto de Roma y a la Corte Penal Internacional. Finalmente, refiere las perspectivas de progreso que tiene la jurisdicción universal y las opiniones encontradas que dicha jurisdicción ha despertado entre los especialistas.