bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic architecture of ecological divergence between two wild rice species (Oryza rufipogon and O. nivara)
Authors: Meng Qing-Lin , Chenggen Qiang , Li Ji-Long , Geng Mu-Fan , Ren Ning-Ning , Cai Zhe , Wang Mei-Xia , Jiao Zi-Hui , Zhang Fu-Min , Song JIanxin , Ge Song
Published: September 2023

Ecological divergence due to habitat difference plays a prominent role
in the formation of new species but the genetic architecture during
ecological speciation and the mechanism underlying phenotypic divergence
remain less understood. Two wild rice species (O. rufipogon and O.
nivara) are a progenitor-derivative species pair with ecological
divergence and provide a unique system for studying ecological
adaptation/speciation. Here, we constructed a high-resolved linkage map
and conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of 19 phenotypic
traits using an F2 population generated from a cross between the two
wild rice species. We identified 113 QTLs associated with interspecific
divergence of 16 quantitative traits, with effect sizes ranging from
1.61% to 34.1% in terms of the percentage of variation explained
(PVE). The distribution of effect sizes of QTLs followed a negative
exponential, suggesting that a few genes of large effect and many genes
of small effect were responsible for the phenotypic divergence. We
observed 18 clusters of QTLs (QTL hotspots) on 11 chromosomes,
significantly more than that expected by chance, demonstrating the
importance of coinheritance of loci/genes in ecological
adaptation/speciation. Analysis of effect direction and v-test
statistics revealed that interspecific differentiation of most traits
was driven by divergent natural selection, supporting the argument that
ecological adaptation/speciation would proceed rapidly under coordinated
selection on multiple traits. Our findings provide new insights into the
understanding of genetic architecture of ecological adaptation and
speciation in plants and helps effective manipulation of specific genes
or gene cluster in rice breeding.
Reversing the escape from herbivory: Knockout of cardiac glycoside biosynthesis in wormseed wallflower (Erysimum cheiranthoides L., Brassicaceae)
Authors: Younkin Gordon , Alani Martin , Copador Anamaria Paez , Fischer Hillary , Mirzaei Mahdieh , Hastings Amy , Agrawal Anurag , Jander Georg
Published: September 2023

Like other members of the Brassicaceae, plants in the wallflower genus
(Erysimum) produce glucosinolates, which are potent defenses against a
wide range of herbivores. As a more recently evolved second line of
defense, Erysimum produces cardiac glycosides, which are allosteric
inhibitors of Na+,K+-ATPases in animals. Cardiac glycoside biosynthesis
has evolved in diverse lineages including foxglove (Digitalis,
Plantaginaceae) and milkweeds (Apocynaceae), but the full biosynthetic
pathway has not been described in any species. We identify and generate
CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts of two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases involved in
cardiac glycoside biosynthesis in wormseed wallflower (Erysimum
cheiranthoides L.): EcCYP87A126, which cleaves the side chain from
sterol precursors to initiate cardiac glycoside biosynthesis, and
EcCYP716A418, which has a role in cardiac glycoside hydroxylation. In
the EcCYP87A126 knockout lines, cardiac glycoside production is
eliminated, effectively reversing Erysimum’s escape from herbivory. For
the generalist herbivores green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Suzler) and
cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hübner), cardiac glycosides appear to be
largely redundant with glucosinolates, having some effect in choice
assays but little to no effect on insect performance. By contrast, the
crucifer-feeding specialist cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae L.), which
will not oviposit or feed on wildtype E. cheiranthoides, is able to
complete its life cycle on cardenolide-free E. cheiranthoides mutant
lines. Thus, our study demonstrates in vivo that cardiac glycoside
production allows Erysimum to escape from a specialist herbivore.
Real-Life Use of First-Generation EGFR-TKI with Chemotherapy in EGFR-sensitive Mutations in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Analysis and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Jiachun , Li Jingya , Li Xinyang , Rui Junshuai , Kong Dejiu , Shi Haolin , Yang Zihan , Jiang Zhiyi , Miao Guoqiang , Gao She-Gan
Published: September 2023

Background: Recently，epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) -targeting
drugs have benefited thousands of patients with EGFR mutation-positive
(EGFR MUT+) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, nearly all
patients with NSCLC who were sensitive to first- or second-generation
EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), finally developed
resistance. Therefore, numerous clinicians have focused on improving the
clinical effect of first-generation EGFR-TKIs (1st-gen EGFR-TKIs).
Methods: To analyze the therapeutic outcomes of individuals with
progressive NSCLC, a retroactive assessment was performed on 86 patients
who were medicated with only icotinib or combined with pemetrexed and
platinum-based chemotherapy at The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan
University of Science and Technology (HAUST). Results: Eighty-six
patients with NSCLC-bearing EGFR-sensitive mutations were retroactively
analyzed. The results showed statistical significance in PFS (P = 0.049)
and disease control rate DCR (P = 0.031) between icotinib + chemotherapy
and icotinib alone, especially in the brain metastases (P = 0.021) and
L-858R mutation subgroups (P = 0.05). According to the findings of the
multivariate analysis, treatment (P = 0.033) and EGFR mutation status (P
= 0.019) were significant predictive variables. The OS comparison
between icotinib + chemotherapy and icotinib alone were not
significantly different. The study included a total of 1242 patients, of
which 648 obtained combined treatment and 594 obtained first-generation
EGFR-TKI monotherapy. Analyzing the relevant data from multiple studies,
the results showed significant improvements in ORR (RR: 0.63, 95% CI:
0.49–0.82, P = 0.0006), PFS (RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47–0.79, P =
0.0002), and OS (RR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51–0.88, P = 0.004) for those on
combination therapy. However, there was also an increase in
treatment-emergent AEs among these patients. Conclusion: In summary,
administering first-generation EGFR-TKI concurrently with chemotherapy
provides an edge in the therapeutic management of locally or severely
advanced NSCLC that is EGFR-positive. Therefore, EGFR mutation-positive
NSCLC (EGFR MUT+ NSCLC) patients in this condition may find it
advantageous to consider using 1st-gen EGFR-TKIs in conjunction with
chemotherapy (1st-gen EGFR-TKIs + Chemo).
Title; Humanitarian crisis amid the Military coup in the Niger Republic; what went wrong? Running Head; Crisis in the Niger Republic amid the military coup
Authors: Oduoye Malik Olatunde , Ubechu Samuel , Zafar Habiba , Noor Zainab , Oyeleke Usman Abolaji , Agbeyewo Ganiyat Temitope
Published: September 2023

Introduction Humanitarian crisis means any event or series of
events that are harmful to the health or security of the general
population. The Niger Republic is recently facing serious crisis amid
the military coup of 26 of July, 2023. Our fear is
that if nothing is done about it quickly, there could be a civil war in
Niger and other neighbouring countries. Aim The aim of this
present article is to provide comprehensive knowledge about the ongoing
humanitarian crisis in Niger, highlighting the factors that caused it
and providing possible solutions for them. Methodology A
literature search was done about the recent humanitarian crisis amid the
military coup in the Niger Republic through databases such as PubMed,
ResearchGate, Google Scholar, World Health Organization, United Nations,
Online Newspapers and Reports between a 10-year-period. Result
We found that the humanitarian crisis amid the military coup in Niger
Republic has further amplified the vulnerability of millions of
Nigeriens to more problems in the Niger Republic. The number of
Nigeriens in need of humanitarian assistance has reportedly increased by
65% from 2.3 million in 2019 to 3.8 million in 2021. More than two
million children in Niger have been impacted by the crisis in the
country and are in need of humanitarian assistance. Furthermore, other
causes of humanitarian crisis in the Niger Republic include;
sociodemographic factors, climate change and other natural disasters.
Conclusion The humanitarian crisis in Niger, caused by
different factors such as socioeconomic stagnation, environmental
causes, food insecurity, terrorist activities, and internal displacement
is an alarming situation that requires an urgent solution and a response
from the international community. There is a need to analyse all the
underlying causes of humanitarian crises and find long-lasting solutions
for them.
Building Blocks for a Model for using EDI and ERP to Improve Supply Chain Performance in Ugandan PDEs
Authors: Violah Mpangwire
Published: September 2023

The study's overarching goal is to provide a theoretical foundation for the integration of EDI and ERP systems into Ugandan procurement and disposal entities' supply chains to optimize their performance. A design science approach was used as a research strategy and for data collection; a cross-sectional survey using qualitative techniques, including in-depth interviews was employed. From the findings, a model was developed for data visualization, report production, analytics, and transformation. This study therefore provides an in-depth evaluation of the effectiveness of procurement and disposal organizations in Uganda with the help of EDI and ERP technologies to enhance supply chain management.
Soft interval spaces and soft interval sequence spaces
Authors: Bozkurt Hacer
Published: September 2023

In this article, we present the two new kinds of examples of soft quasilinear
spaces namely ?gIRn soft interval space? and ?eIs, eIl2, fIl? and fIc0 soft
interval sequence spaces?. We give some properties of these spaces. We study
completeness of gIRn soft normed quasilinear spaces. Further, we obtain some
results on these soft interval spaces and soft interval sequence spaces
related to concepts of soft quasilinear dependence-independence and
solid-floored.
Exponential stability of second-order fractional stochastic integro-differential equations
Authors: Dhanalakshmi K. , Balasubramaniam P.
Published: September 2023

In this paper studies the exponential stability result is derived for the
second-order fractional stochastic integro-differential equations (FSIDEs)
driven by sub-fractional Brownian motion (sub-fBm). By constructing a
successive approximation method, we present pth moment exponential stability
result of second-order FSIDEs using stochastic analysis techniques and
fractional calculus (FC). At last, an example is demonstrated to illustrate
the obtained theoretical result.
Soft expandable spaces
Authors: Rawshdeh Amani , Al-Jarrah Heyam , Al-Shami Tareq
Published: September 2023

In this study, we first introduce a new class of spaces, namely soft
expandable spaces, which is a generalization of soft paracompact and
countably soft compact spaces. Some properties of these spaces that are
discussed in this paper the soft expandable space is equivalent to every
A?-soft cover has softLF soft open refinement. Also, we discuss under what
conditions that countably soft expandable space is soft paracompact. With
the help of interesting examples, we elucidate there is no relationship
between soft topology and its parametric topologies with respect to
possession the property of being a soft expandable space. In this regards,
we discuss the role of extended soft topology to inherited this property to
classical topology. Second, we define the concept of s-expandable spaces
which is stronger than soft expandable spaces. We give some
characterizations of this concept, and investigate some equivalent concepts
to sexpandable spaces. In the end, we study the behaviours of soft
s-expandable spaces under some types of soft mappings.
New efficient and accurate bounds for zeros of a polynomial based on similarity of companion complex matrices
Authors: Burqan Aliaa , Alsawaftah Ahmad , Al-Zhour Zeyad
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we present new bounds for the zeros of polynomials with
numerical and matrix coefficients and show that these bounds are effective
and more accurate for polynomials that have small differences between their
coefficients. To get our main results, we apply the similarity of matrices
and matrix inequalities including the numerical radius and matrix norms.
Finally, some illustrated examples are given and discussed.
Some weak points of Lewis’ theory of knowledge ascriptions
Authors: Davidovic Aleksandra
Published: September 2023

This paper explores and criticizes some aspects of David Lewis? theory of
knowledge ascriptions. In section one I present the sceptical paradox and
the basic assumptions of epistemic contextualism. In section two I explain
how Lewis combines the relevant alternatives theory with epistemic
contextualism in formulating his theory of knowledge ascriptions. In section
three I show that this theory allows knowledge which is based purely on
ignoring and I argue that this unfavourable consequence stems from the way
in which Lewis formulated the rule of belief within his theory. In the
concluding section I point out the problematic aspects and ad hoc character
of Lewis? rule of attention and claim that it was thus formulated so as to
be able to solve the sceptical paradox. Finally, I claim that Lewis? theory
of knowledge ascriptions is untenable in its original form.
Philotherapy as a social engagement
Authors: Fatic Aleksandar
Published: September 2023

The paper focuses on emotional subjectivity (a sense of own identity based on
an emotional reception of values) on the one hand, and the constitution of
an organic community (one characterized by immediacy, as opposed to a formal
community, which is permeated by institutional relations that mediate
intersubjective relations between the community?s members). The argument
rests on the idea, supported by modern experimental neuroscience, that
emotions are the key dynamic factors of decision-making, quite contrary to
the asumption of a rational deliberation. This idea generates significant
consequences for the understanding of virtue, individual and collective
identity, and the way in which informal communities are formed, even within
larger institutionalized societies. One of the implications of the idea that
emotional subjectivity is at the core of decision-making is that any
therapeutic intervention, including philotherapy, must take as its starting
assumption the fundamental emotional foundations of all decisions and
actions taken in society. When this therapeutic approach is applied to
issues that reach beyond the individual concerns or interests, it becomes
activist, and takes on the shape of social engagement. The paper argues that
the emotionality of intersubjective dynamism in society necessitates a
social role for philosophical practice, both as a therapeutic activity (in
the form of individual or group socialization or resocialization with regard
to values), and as a shaping influence on social discourse on values,
specifically focusing on developing a particular collective sensibility for
key values that contribute to ideas such as the good life, a cohesive
community or common fate, all of which characterize organicism in
community-building that has proven as a form of social healing in cases of
collective distress.
Ethnic differences in the association between age at natural menopause and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among postmenopausal women: a pooled analysis of individual data from 13 cohort studies
Authors: Chung Hsin-Fang , Dobson Annette J , Hayashi Kunihiko , Hardy Rebecca , Kuh Diana , J. Anderson Debra , Schouw Yvonne T van der , Greenwood Darren C , Cade Janet E. , Demakakos Panayotes , Brunner Eric J. , Eastwood Sophie V. , Sandin Sven , Weiderpass Elisabete , Mishra Gita D.
Published: September 2023

Objective: To investigate associations between age at natural menopause, particularly premature ovarian insufficiency (POI; natural menopause before 40 years), and incident type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and identify any variations by ethnicity.

Research design and methods: We pooled individual-level data of 338,059 women from 13 cohort studies without T2DM before menopause, with six ethnic groups: White (n=177,674), Chinese (n=146,008), Japanese (n=9,061), South/Southeast Asian (n=2,228), Black (n=1,838), and Mixed/Other (n=1,250). Hazard ratios (HRs) of T2DM associated with age at menopause were estimated in the overall sample and by ethnicity, with study as a random effect. For each ethnic group, we further stratified the association by birth year, education level, and BMI.

Results: Over nine years of follow-up, 20,064 (5.9%) women developed T2DM. Overall, POI (vs menopause at 50-51 years) was associated with an increased risk of T2DM (HR:1.31, 1.20-1.44), while there was an interaction between age at menopause and ethnicity (p<0.0001). T2DM risk associated with POI was higher in White (HR:1.53, 1.36-1.73), Japanese (HR:4.04, 1.97-8.27), and Chinese women born ≥1950 (HR:2.79, 2.11-3.70); while less precise, the risk estimates were consistent in South/Southeast Asian (HR:1.46, 0.89-2.40), Black (HR:1.72, 0.95-3.12), and Mixed/Other (HR:2.16, 0.83-5.57) women. A similar pattern, but smaller increased risk of T2DM was associated with early menopause overall (HR:1.16, 1.10-1.23) and for White, Japanese, and Chinese women born ≥1950.

Conclusions: POI and early menopause are risk factors for T2DM in postmenopausal women, with considerable variation across ethnic groups, and may need to be considered in risk assessments of T2DM among women.
Safety and Efficacy of Sustained Automated Insulin Delivery Compared to Sensor and Pump Therapy in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes at High Risk for Hypoglycemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Renard Eric , Joubert Michael , Villard Orianne , Dreves Bleuenn , Reznik Yves , Farret Anne , Place Jerome , Breton Marc D. , Kovatchev Boris P.
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE Assess the safety and efficacy of automated insulin delivery (AID) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) at high risk for hypoglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants: 72 adults with T1D using insulin pump with Clarke score >3 and/or severe hypoglycemia during the previous 6 months; confirmed by time below range (TBR, defined as sensor glucose (SG) <70 mg/dL) of at least 5% during 2 weeks of blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM, Dexcom G6). Design: Parallel arm randomized trial (2:1) of AID (Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ technology) vs. CGM & pump (S&P) therapy, for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was TBR change from baseline. Secondary outcomes included time in target range (TIR, 70-180 mg/dL), time above range (TAR), mean SG, and time <54 mg/dL. An optional 12-week extension on AID was offered to all participants. RESULTS Compared to S&P, AID resulted in significant: (i) reduction of TBR by -3.7% (95%CI -4.8, -2.6), p<0.001; (ii) increase of TIR by +8.6% (95%CI +5.2, +12.1), p<0.001, and (iii) decrease of TAR by -5.3% (95%CI -87.7, -1.8), p=0.004. Mean SG remained similar on AID vs S&P. During the 12-week extension, the effects of AID were sustained in the AID group and reproduced in the S&P group. Two severe hypoglycemic episodes occurred under AID. CONCLUSIONS In adults with T1D at high risk for hypoglycemia, AID reduced the risk for hypoglycemia more than 2-fold, as quantified by TBR, while improving TIR and reducing hyperglycemia. Hence, AID is strongly recommended for this specific population.
Expander prosthesis and DIEP flaps in delayed breast reconstruction: Sensibility, patient-reported outcome, and complications in a five-year randomised follow-up study
Authors: Tallroth Linda , Mobargha Nathalie , Velander Patrik , Becker Magnus , Klasson Stina
Published: September 2023

Breast reconstruction is a given choice for many women following mastectomy. There are a multitude of methods available today, and thus, comparative studies are essential to match patients with suitable methods. The aim of this study was to compare 5-year outcomes following delayed breast reconstruction with expander prosthesis (EP) and with deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps.
Seventy-three patients, previously randomised to either a permanent EP or a DIEP flap breast reconstruction, were invited for a 5-year follow-up. Assessments included symmetry measurements, breast sensibility with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments and patient-reported outcome (PRO) with the BREAST-Q. Complications within the first 5 postoperative years were recorded. Additionally, BREAST-Q questionnaires were collected from non-randomised patients with an EP breast reconstruction.
Between 2019 and 2022, 65 patients completed the follow-ups. Symmetry and PRO were significantly higher in the DIEP flap group. However, EP-reconstructed breasts were significantly more sensate and demonstrated areas with protective sensibility, unlike the DIEP flap breasts. The overall complication rates were comparable between the two groups (p = 0.27). Regression analysis identified body mass index as a risk factor for reoperation in general anaesthesia and for wound infection. No significant differences were found in a comparison of the randomised and the non-randomised EP groups’ BREAST-Q results.
This randomised 5-year follow-up study found PRO to be favourable following a DIEP flap reconstruction and sensibility to be better in EP reconstructions. The complication rates were comparable; however, longer follow-ups are warranted to cover the complete lifespans of the two breast reconstruction methods.
Conservation and Sustainable Use of Arctic Marine Biodiversity:
Authors: Henriksen Tore
Published: September 2023

The status of the marine Arctic as ‘the last wilderness’ may be challenged in future by increased activities provided by the melting of the sea ice. The fragile ecosystems and habitats may come under threat. In this article the international law on conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity is explored where the ecosystem approach has been developed, and these legal and semi-legal norms are related to the marine Arctic. Particularly challenging is to implement the ecosystem approach within the maritime jurisdiction. Although still a wilderness, state practice indicates that implementation will not be any easier in the Arctic, and that it will not become a laboratory for new legal regimes. Most likely sectoral regulatory regimes will be extended or developed as different threats materialize. One of the main challenges will be to ensure proper coordination between these to apply the ecosystem approach.Keywords: Arctic, international environmental law, biodiversity, law of the seaCitation: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 1, 2/2010 p. 249-278. ISSN 1891-6252
The New Age of the Arctic
Authors: Hoel Alf Håkon , Ravna Øyvind
Published: September 2023

No abstract available.Citation: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 1, 2/2010 p. 159–163. ISSN 1891-6252
Fiskerigrensesaken mellom Norge og Storbritannia og sakens betydning for norsk rett 60 år senere
Authors: Funderud Skogvang Susann
Published: September 2023

Fiskerigrensesaken mellom Norge og Storbritannia omhandlet metoden for opptrekkingen av grunnlinjer og er en viktig folkerettslig avgjørelse, særlig sett med norske øyne. Forfatteren belyser hvilken betydning historisk bruk hadde for tolkningen og anvendelsen av folkeretten i Fiskerigrensesaken. Videre drøftes hvordan saken har bidratt til at spørsmål om private fiskerettigheter igjen har blitt satt på dagsorden i den rettsvitenskapelige debatt. Norges anførsler om rettshistoriske forhold knyttet til fiskeriene er derfor fremhevet her. Fiskerigrensesaken har fått ny aktualitet gjennom arbeidet til Kystfiskeutvalget, NOU 2008: 5, samt nyere forskning, som vier saken stor plass. The Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries case of 1951: This paper deals with one of the most important judgements in international law, concerning the method for measuring the breadth of coastal states’ territorial waters. The fact that Norway was a party means that the case has a special interest from a Norwegian point of view. The paper discusses the Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries case in general and especially the importance of Norwegian traditional use and national legal history in International law. Further, the paper asks whether the case has any importance to questions regarding the right to fish in Norway today. The case has got new actuality through the study of The Coastal Fishing Committee (Kystfiskeutvalget), published as NOU 2008: 5.Keywords: Fisheries case, National legal history, The right to fish, The Coastal Fishing Committee.Citation: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 3, 1/2012 p. 81–107. ISSN 1891-6252
Use of Correctional and Labour Measures on the Inmates of The Solovetsky Camp in the 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Daria Tolokontseva
Published: September 2023

The main aim of the research behind this article is to analyze changes in essence of Soviet labour policy in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century and show the weakness of democratic law under a totalitarian regime. Solovetsky Camp of Special Destination and its inmates are the subjects of investigation in this article. Analysis of legal acts and literature of the 1920s shows the correctional focus of the first labour camps. This fact is confirmed by the number of correctional institutions and by cultural and educational work. Solovetsky camp was the first “corrective labor” institution in the USSR, founded in 1923. However, further reform of the penal system radically reorganized penitentiary institutions and aimed them at solving economic problems. The result was countrywide dissemination of forced labour camps like the Solovki. For many years the Solovki was the largest camp in the Soviet Union, where the methods of using forced labor on large masses of prisoners were worked out. Solovki became the main structure in the penal system of the state along with the other concentration camps. But price of economic achievements were not commensurate with the number of lost humans lives. The history of Solovetsky camp reflects main events in the country, while the period of Solovetsky camp is separate stage of the development of the penitentiary system in Russia.Keywords: Solovetsky Camp of Special Destination (Soviet Union), penitentiary system, human rights, northern forced labour camps, correctional measures, educational work, social and economic aims.Citation: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 3, 2/2012 pp. 186–199. ISSN 1891-6252
Human rights at stake in the Circumpolar Regions
Authors: Ravna Øyvind
Published: September 2023

No abstract available.Citation: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 4, 1/2013 pp. 1–3. ISSN 1891-6252
The «Colonial Clause» and Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights: The European Convention on Human Rights Article 56 and its Relationship to Article 1
Authors: Frostad Magne
Published: September 2023

Article 56 of the European Convention on Human Rights is often referred to as the «colonial clause» and it has received little attention by commentators, whereas there has been extensive writing on Article 1of the Convention regarding the extraterritorial reach of that treaty. Article 56 has nevertheless the effect of limiting the responsibility of Member States for acts and omissions of the authorities of its dependent territories, although the Member State is still responsible if it acts directly through its own metropolitan officials in such territories. By employing an example of Norway, this paper finds it unnecessary for this country to undertake obligations pursuant to Article 56 in relation to its dependent territories in and around Antarctica, since there is currently little activity there which is not already covered by the extraterritorial regime of Article 1 of the Convention. The paper additionally considers the pros and cons of extending the Convention to territories under Article 56 should future devel- opments lead to a larger and more permanent population of these areas.Keywords: European Convention on Human Rights, extraterritoriality, dependencies, South Atlantic, AntarcticaCitation: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 4, 1/2013 pp. 21–41. ISSN 1891-6252
The Political Architecture of Security in the Arctic – the Case of Norway
Authors: Vigeland Rottem Svein
Published: September 2023

With receding sea ice, a new reality is taking hold in the Arctic. The purpose of this article is to explore Norway’s defense and security challenges in the region in light of this development. We argue for a broader analysis of the parameters of security policy. Although the article makes analytical distinction between security at the regional, national, and international level, these various categories do not exist in isolation but are used here for discussion purposes only. It is argued that there is a good chance of a civilized Arctic in the future, and softer national security challenges are then more likely to take precedence. However, international and regional security and defence interests will continue to be important.Keywords: Arctic, Norway, security, climate changeCitation: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 4, 2/2013 pp. 234–254. ISSN 1891-6252
The Recognition of Sacred Natural Sites of Arctic Indigenous Peoples as a Part of Their Right to Cultural Integrity
Authors: Heinämäki Leena , Herrmann Thora Martina
Published: September 2023

Sacred Natural Sites (SNS) are an important means for the expressions and transmission of culture, and a manifestation of spiritual values of nature, which have contributed to the conservation of species and habitats. However, many SNS are increasingly under threat, and their contribution to conservation is still not sufficiently recognized by states and conservation agencies, laws and policies. With a growing recognition of the mutual dependency between biodiversity and sociocultural systems in the Arctic, indigenous communities, conservationists, law-and policy-makers are endeavoring to re-establish bio-cultural diversity as a constructive pathway for conservation law, policy and practice. The integration of indigenous rights into conservation, through rights-based approaches is an emerging and challenging area. This new rights-based approach to conservation acknowledges that conservation and human rights must be pursued in mutually supportive ways that contribute to the common goal of environmental sustainability and human well-being. Much remains to be done to better understand the benefits, practical implications and limitations of such rightsbased approaches. This paper discusses the role of international law as well as sui generis processes from the sub-Arctic and Arctic regions that recognize and uphold indigenous peoples’ rights in conservation, and where action for the conservation of sacred natural sites is being taken by indigenous communities themselves using international law and policy instruments, or developing their own community instruments. These cases provide ways forward for duty-bearers and custodians to engage in constructive dialogue to seek together synergies to mutual responsibilities and benefits, and to build new spaces in law, policy and practice in the Arctic.Keywords: Sacred Natural Sites; Indigenous Peoples; Arctic; cultural integrity; international human rights law, international environmental lawCitation: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 4, 2/2013 pp. 207–233. ISSN 1891-6252
Geopolitics and International Governance in the Arctic
Authors: Østerud Øyvind , Hønneland Geir
Published: September 2023

The Arctic has been the object of heated political discussion in recent years as the region has evolved from a potential conflict zone during the Cold War to an arena for international cooperation immediately afterwards. Since the mid-2000s attention has once again focused on the conflict potential of the Arctic, this time related to its resources. This article looks at how the research literature balances its prospects. The literature on international relations (IR) in the Arctic has been mainly empirical in orientation, although framed in the major IR traditions of realism (traditional geopolitics), institutionalism and (to a lesser extent) constructivism. The English-language literature on Arctic politics, which naturally dominates the field globally, is by and large framed in institutional terms. The discussion is not whether institutions matter in Arctic politics, but how they best can be crafted in order to maintain peace and stability in the region. Speculations about a ‘scramble for the Arctic’ have more or less unanimously been refuted in the literature. The French literature, on the other hand, is largely framed in a geopolitical context. French geopolitics is less concerned with the global power game than with the rivalry between states for strategic resources. The institutions of cooperation are, however, downplayed.
Kansalaisaktivistit vai pandemiankieltäjät? Vaihtoehtoiset äänet journalistisessa mediassa COVID-19-pandemian aikana
Authors: Mäkinen Maarit
Published: September 2023

Kansalaisten vaihtoehtoiset näkökulmat ovat olleet kriittisen keskustelun kohteena COVID-19-pandemian aikana, jolloin viranomaissuosituksista eriävät näkemykset on monesti luokiteltu disinformaatioksi. Samaan aikaan on esitetty, että kansalaisten erilaisia mielipiteitä huomioidaan liian vähän. Artikkelissa selvitetään, ilmenikö poikkeusajan valtamediassa kansalaisten kriittisten näkemysten ulossulkemista ja mahdollisesti polarisaatiota vahvistavaa viestintää. Tutkimuksessa kysytään: miten viranomaisviestinnästä poikkeavia näkemyksiä esittäviä on kuvattu ja millaisia mielikuvia vaihtoehtoisista näkemyksistä on rakennettu? Aihetta tutkitaan analysoimalla vaihtoehtoisia näkökulmia esittävistä kansalaisaktivisteista kertovaa dokumenttiohjelmaa sekä artikkeliaineistoa. Median roolia tarkastellaan viestinnällisen polarisaation näkökulmasta kehysteoriaa soveltaen, jolloin kansalaisten vaihtoehtoisia näkemyksiä esittävästä media-aineistosta saadaan näkyviin retorisin keinoin muodostettuja tulkintakehyksiä. Tutkimus väittää, että valtamediassa tarjottu tulkinta kansalaisten erilaisista näkemyksistä on ollut monesti yksinkertaistavaa ja vastakkain asettelevaa. Tutkimus esittää, että journalistisia tulkintakehyksiä tulisi oppia tunnistamaan ja tunnustamaan paremmin, sekä kannustaa niiden laajentamiseen. Näin voitaisiin kehittää mediatuotantoa, joka kunnioittaa moniäänisyyttä myös hankaliksi koetuista aiheista.
Naistutkimusta tiedotusoppiin: ”Meitä pidettiin pelottavina”
Authors: Poutiainen Saila
Published: September 2023

Retrospektiivi-sarjassa palataan Tiedotustutkimus- ja Media & viestintä -lehdissä julkaistuihin artikkeleihin. Sarjassa tarkastellaan muun muassa artikkeleiden syntyprosesseja, silloista ja nykyistä tieteellistä keskustelua ja tiedeyhteisöä. Sarjan kirjoittajat vaihtuvat.
Psycho-Social Impact of Stigmatization against Pregnant Women with HIV
Authors: Darmayasa I Made , Setiawan William Alexander , Evilia Wati , Ubro Feby
Published: September 2023

Background: Stigmatization, discrimination, and poor social support are challenges faced by people living with HIV, and the stigmatization of pregnant women with HIV is still very frequent, which can have a profound negative impact on patient's health. This can have a psychosocial impact on the sufferer.
Objective: To study and determine the psychosocial impact of discriminatory behavior towards pregnant patients with HIV.
Methods: This is a case report of two cases of pregnant women with HIV at the Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) Polyclinic of RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Go to Denpasar. In-depth interviews were conducted with them regarding their views on openness to their families and communities about their condition.
Results and Discussion: It was reported that two cases of pregnant women with HIV who were carrying out antenatal care in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic Room, Prof. dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Central General Hospital Denpasar. In both cases, discriminatory treatment and stigma still strongly haunt the sufferers even though the form and source are slightly different. In the first case, the patient was afraid of getting discriminatory treatment and stigmatization that came from the family environment and the wider environment. Meanwhile, in the second case, it shows that the discriminatory treatment that causes stigma does not only come from far away but also comes from the people themselves. Both have a psychosocial impact that creates a sense of social discomfort, even though the race is slowly diminishing with the assistance of a counselor. There is a need for a wide range of active education by health workers to the patient's family and the community in reducing the stigma and discrimination against pregnant women with HIV.
Conclusion: Women with HIV, especially those who are pregnant, are still full of negative judgments, and discriminatory behavior towards them. This can cause psychosocial impacts on patients. The disparity between knowledge about unknown patterns of HIV transmission on the one hand and risky sexual behavior, on the other hand, can be one of the risk factors for contracting HIV. This also contributes to stigma and discrimination against pregnant women with HIV.
Pengaruh Ukuran KAP, Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Pertumbuhan Perusahaan terhadap Manajemen Laba
Authors: Pangesti Valencia , Cheisviyanny Charoline
Published: September 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of public accounting firm size, managerial ownership and growth on earning management. This type of research is causal associative with a quantitative approach. The data used is obtained from the annual reports of companies that performed well during the Covid-19 pandemic listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange 2018-2021. The sample selection method using purposive sampling obtained 102 samples from 42 companies. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis to test the hypothesis which is assisted by using the SPSS 25 program. The results show that public accounting firm size and managerial ownership don't have a significant on earning management while growth have a positive and significant effect on earning management.
Pengaruh Pemahaman Kode Etik Akuntan dan Religiusitas terhadap Perilaku Etis Mahasiswa Akuntansi
Authors: Ardani Fouri Ayu , Arza Fefri Indra
Published: September 2023

The problem of professional ethics in accounting has become the center of public attention so that all professions are required to work professionally. This study aims to analyze the effect of understanding the accountant's code of ethics and religiosity on the ethical behavior of accounting students. This research is a causative research using a quantitative approach. The data used in this study is primary data with data collection techniques using questionnaires. The population in this study were students majoring in accounting for the 2018/2019 academic year, Faculty of Economics, Padang State University. The sample technique used in this research is purposive sampling. The number of samples in this study were 146 students from 231 accounting students at Padang State University. The hypothesis in this study was tested using multiple linear regression analysis with IBM SPSS 22. The results of this study (1) understanding of the accountant's code of ethics has a significant positive effect on ethical behavior of accounting students at Padang State University and (2) religiosity has no effect on ethical behavior of university accounting students Padang Country.
The Relationship between the Use of Technology and Technology Addiction in Learning Foreign Language
Authors: Bozavlı Ebubekir
Published: September 2023

In the last century, technology has become more commonplace than ever. Its effect continues to increase day by day in the field of education, training, and in many aspects of social life. Today people cannot protect themselves from its influence, which mostly leads to addiction. The present study aims to determine the relation between learners’ addiction to technology and the use of technology in foreign languages. The research is to address the following questions: “Are foreign language learners addicted to technology, and to what extent do they utilize technology in their learning of a foreign language?” The respondents consist of 277 students, male and female from the departments of English, French, and German language education. A survey consisting of 35 closed-ended questions was given to students in the three departments. The 5 Likert scale with 35 items was also used. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics by means of the Spss program. The findings of the study revealed that the participants’ level of technology addiction is medium, and their competence in using technology in foreign language learning is low. Furthermore, the results indicate a significant difference in favor of upper grades in the use of technology.
Comparative Analysis of Reading Text Readability in Chinese Junior High School English Teaching Textbook Based on Corpus
Authors: Mengyao Wu , Norman Helmi , Hafizah Adnan Nor
Published: September 2023

Readability is one of the important factors for students to consider when choosing a text to read. Based on a self-built corpus of Junior High School textbooks in China, this paper mainly investigates the differences in readability between reading texts in junior high school English textbooks. From vocabulary, sentence, and comprehensive indicators, this study makes quantitative statistics on the factors that affect the readability of English textbook texts to understand the readability of different textbook texts and to explore whether there are differences in the readability of eight textbooks. Finally, the results show significant differences in the readability of the eight editions of English readers. The average word length and new words rate are the highest in Popular Science Press, which reach 4.43 words and 8.40%, respectively. Among the average sentence length and the frequency of compound sentences, the Shandong Education Press has the highest, going 11.36 words and 11.03%, and confirmed that the Shandong Education Press has the highest difficulty. The textbook arranger can take the difficulty of the reading text into account once they have determined the readability of the text. They can then arrange or select a textbook appropriate for students, enabling them to comprehend and master the text more effectively.
FACTIBILIDAD DE PROTEGER CON AISLAMIENTO SÍSMICO UN EDIFICIO DE VIVIENDA SOCIAL EN EL PERÚ
Authors: Calderon Astuhuaman Victor , Vilca Córdova Federico
Published: September 2023

Los edificios de muros de ductilidad limitada (EMDL) son predominantemente empleados como viviendas sociales en el Perú. Debido a algunas de sus características, se estima que su desempeño sísmico es menor que el de los edificios con muros convencionales de concreto armado. Para mejorar su desempeño sísmico, en esta investigación se trata de evaluar la viabilidad económica implementar un sistema de aislamiento sísmico a un edificio de muros de ductilidad limitada (EMDL) representativo de los existentes en la zona de mayor peligro sísmico en el Perú. Por lo cual se plantearon dos edificios: uno con base fija al suelo y otro con aisladores sísmicos en la base. Aunque el aislamiento sísmico redujo las solicitaciones sísmicas del EMDL, los costos de implementación no fueron compensados por la reducción de costos en la superestructura. Finalmente, se concluye que no es atractivo económicamente implementar el sistema de aislamiento sísmico propuesto en el EMDL elegido.
Financial Culture: Versatility of the Concept, Approaches to Research and Place in Scientific Discourse
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Kunizheva Diana A.
Published: September 2023

The article considers the approaches to the study of financial culture based on the analysis of Russian and for-eign scientific works, proposes the author’s conceptual model of the place of financial culture in society, devel-ops the author’s definition of this type of culture. The conclusion is made about the interdisciplinary nature of financial culture and an attempt is made to present this concept by means of, on the one hand, elements relat-ed to the consciousness of financial actors, on the other hand - the practices of financial behavior. The factors influencing financial culture are outlined, in particular, environmental, specific and universal factors. In addition, the scientific article presents the results of content analysis of scientific papers published from 2010 to 2022, implemented in order to identify the content and temporal features of the topic of financial culture in the Rus-sian scientific discourse.
Some Issues of Algorithmization and Organization of Investigation of Contactless Sale of Narcotic Drugs Carried Out Using Cryptocurrencies
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Nikiforova Daria F.
Published: September 2023

The study of the investigation algorithm in forensic science is limited due to the lack of uniformity of under-standing by specialists of the essence of this phenomenon, a small number of studies and problems of its ap-plication in the presence of established forensic methodology. Algorithmization of investigation implies its split-ting into a set of simple actions, the order of implementation of which is subject to the actual investigative situa-tion and the importance of possible to obtain evidence. At the same time, the theory of the investigation algo-rithm itself does not conflict with existing forensic methods, but only provides an alternative to the established approach to investigative practice. In this study, the existing approaches to the concept of an investigation algo-rithm are analyzed, and the author’s definition is proposed. The article analyzes various interpretations of the concept of investigative algorithm and proposes the author’s definition. The elements of the algorithm of inves-tigation of illegal trafficking of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogs, committed with the use of cryptocurrencies by means of contactless sales are considered. The peculiarities of this type of crime that distinguish it from other ways of distribution of narcotic drugs are highlighted. The considered organiza-tional features of the investigation of the contactless sale of narcotic drugs make it possible to determine the sources of orienting information about an impending or committed crime.
Internal Migration as a Consequence of Regional Differentiation in Modern Russia
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Dekhanova Natalya G. , Sushko Valentina A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kholodenko Yuri A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: September 2023

The article deals with the contradictory consequences of the processes of globalization and socio-economic modernization in the context of regional differentiation in modern Russia. The authors conclude that these pro-cesses destroy the established socio-economic order and people’s habitual way of life. First of all, it affects the so-called provinces – rural population and residents of small towns. Large metropolitan areas and industrial centers are becoming points of attraction. However, in the strategies for socio-economic and spatial develop-ment, the main directions of the social policy of modern Russia, scientific and practical discourses, small towns invariably remain in the shadow of large urban agglomerations. In this regard, it seems highly relevant to study the causes and consequences of internal migration processes in the country, as they are, in fact, a response to regional socio-economic differentiation. The most active, migration-mobile and statistically significant socio-demographic group is young people. Pilot study of the migration behavior of this age group of the small town population, conducted by the authors, allows to analyze the factors and causes of migration; to actualize the need to implement social state and regional programs that are aimed at reducing the territorial mobility of young people.