bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis asesmen diagnostik kognitif materi geometri di kelas IV sekolah dasar
Authors: Firdaus Nisrina Noor
Published: June 2024

The study aims to describe the stages in the cognitive diagnostic assessment of geometry material in grade IV of elementary school which consists of the preparation, implementation and follow up stages. Through a cognitive diagnostic assessment, the teacher can identify the level of student learning readiness regarding geometry material. The research method used is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research was conducted in 2 schools, namely at one of the SDN in Cihideung district and one of the SDN in Tawang district. Based on the research conducted, the results obtained regarding the cognitive diagnostic assessment of geometry material in grade IV of elementary school are as follows: (1) the preparation stage, the class teacher makes a grid of questions and teaching modules as a guide in making questions, (2) the implementation stage, the class teacher delivering geometry material before the test begins, (3) follow up stage, the class teacher provides follow up in the form of remedial and additional lessons. Thus the class teacher can find out the learning needs of students based on cognitive diagnostic assessment of geometry material.
Studi literatur: desain pembelajaran berbasis flipped classroom
Authors: Islami Suci
Published: June 2024

AbstrakSalah satu permasalahan dalam proses pembelajaran yang efektif di sekolah dasar adalah keterbatasan waktu pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa. Permasalahan ini terjadi karena sebagian besar waktu pembelajaran siswa gunakan untuk menerima dan memahami materi yang disampaikan guru. Hal tersebut disolusikan melalui literatur study pembelajaran berbasis flipped classroom yang dikembangkan dari 5 artikel yang relevan mulai tahun 2017 â€“ 2021 untuk mendeskripsikan pengembangan desain pembelajaran berbasis flipped classroom dari berbagai jenjang pendidikan berupa perangkat pembelajaran meliputi silabus, RPP, LKPD untuk pembelajaran di kelas, video pembelajaran, dan LKPD pendamping video melalui tiga tahap pengembangan yaitu analisis, perancangan, dan pengembangan. Melalui pembelajaran berbasis flipped classroom membantu guru menciptakan pembelajaran berpusat pada siswa karena mendorong untuk guru mentransfer materi secara daring sebelum siswa mengaplikasikan hal yang sedang dipelajari di kelas. Dengan demikian hasil studi dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan dalam mengembangkan desain pembelajaran berbasis flipped classroom untuk jenjang sekolah dasar di masa mendatang.Â
Analisis tingkat pendidikan guru terhadap penceahan kekerasan seksual pada anak
Authors: Noer Rahmawati Fanny Fadila
Published: June 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat pendidikan guru dalam hubungannya dengan pencegahan kekerasan seksual pada anak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah literature review, dengan mengumpulkan dan menganalisis penelitian-penelitian terkait yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya.Hasil dari analisis literature review ini menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan guru memiliki peran yang penting dalam pencegahan kekerasan seksual pada anak. Guru yang memiliki tingkat pendidikan yang lebih tinggi cenderung lebih sadar akan tanda-tanda kekerasan seksual pada anak, mampu mengenali dan mengatasi situasi yang berpotensi berbahaya, serta memiliki pengetahuan yang lebih luas mengenai strategi pencegahan yang efektif.Namun demikian, artikel ini juga mengidentifikasi beberapa kendala yang dihadapi dalam meningkatkan tingkat pendidikan guru terkait pencegahan kekerasan seksual pada anak. Beberapa kendala tersebut termasuk keterbatasan akses terhadap pelatihan dan sumber daya yang relevan, kurangnya waktu dan dukungan dalam mengintegrasikan isu-isu kekerasan seksual dalam kurikulum, serta kurangnya pemahaman dan kesadaran yang memadai di kalangan guru mengenai pentingnya peran mereka dalam pencegahan kekerasan seksual.Dalam rangka meningkatkan pencegahan kekerasan seksual pada anak, penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya peningkatan pendidikan dan pelatihan bagi guru, termasuk pengembangan kurikulum yang mengintegrasikan isu-isu kekerasan seksual, serta pendekatan yang holistik dalam melibatkan stakeholder terkait, seperti pemerintah, lembaga pendidikan, dan masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Dengan meningkatkan tingkat pendidikan guru, diharapkan upaya pencegahan kekerasan seksual pada anak dapat menjadi efektif dan berkelanjutan.
Literasi teknologi calon guru sekolah dasar
Authors: Tresnawati Nailah , Margareth Niniss , Nur Indah Mei , Melinda Sari Puput
Published: June 2024

Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji secara mendalam tentang bagaimana kemampuan calon guru sekolah dasar dalam menggunakan teknologi serta bagaimana cara memanfaatkan teknologi pada pembelajaran di sekolah dasar.  Era revolusi 4.0 saat ini guru dan calon guru diharuskan bisa merespon dengan cepat tentang perkembangan zaman agar tidak tertinggal serta calon guru harus paham dan menguasai literasi teknologi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif kualitatif yang menjaring perspektif calon guru terhadap kemampuan literasi teknologi dalam pembelajaran, serta penelitian ini melibatkan mahasiswa PGSD di kota Cirebon sebagai responden penelitian. Penelitian ini ditujukkan kepada peran keterampilan literasi teknologi mahasiswa atau calon guru untuk menggunakan teknologi yang penting dalam pengembangan pendidikan. Instrumen pengumpul data menggunakan angket kemampuan literasi teknologi calon guru sekolah dasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian mahasiswa  calon guru sekolah dasar memiliki kemampuan dalam menggunakan teknologi. Mereka mengetahui kebutuhan dan tujuan memanfaatkan teknologi, kondisi sebenarnya dan kondisi ideal, cara memanfaatkan teknologi, kemampuan dasar menggunakan internet, kemampuan menemukan dan memperoleh informasi, kemampuan menggunakan informasi secara efektif. Teknologi dapat memudahkan dalam proses pembelajaran dan juga siswa/mahasiswa dapat menambah ilmu mereka menggali lebih banyak lagi dan tidak hanya berfokus terhadap satu sumber saja. Apabila seorang pengajar mampu menggunakan teknologi, maka kualitas dalam pendidikan di Indonesia akan menjadi lebih baik
 
Kata Kunci: Calon guru, Literasi, Teknologi
Pengaruh PBI bermuatan literasi emosi terhadap literasi emosi peserta didik kelas IV SD
Authors: Ismi Dinda Dwi Laila
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia bermuatan literasi emosi terhadap literasi emosi peserta didik kelas IV SD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan desain eksperimental. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalaui pretest dan posttest melalui pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas IV salah satu SD di Kota Tasikmalaya, dengan jumlah sebanyak 30 orang peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui penilaian diri sebanyak 30 pernyataan yang memuat aspek literasi diri positif dan negatif. Instrument yang digunakan adalah penilaian diri dalam pemberian pretest dan posttest. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis data kuantitatif deskriptif dengan perhitungan uji beda atau uji paired simple t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat peningkatan literasi emosi peserta didik dengan presentase  kategori sangat tinggi 3,3% , kategori tinggi 20%, kategori sedang 73,4%, dan kategori rendah 3,3% dengan nilai asympt sig 0,00 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia memiliki pengaruh efektif terhadap peningkatan literasi emosi peserta didik.
Staying competitive in the era of digital technology: The importance of using social media
Authors: Banjarnahor Astri Rumondang , Setyawati Sri Murni , Anggraeni Ade Irma
Published: June 2024

Using social media via electronic devices and Internet connection has become a part of life in the current day. This is altering how individuals look for information to satisfy their requirements. These modifications affect marketing activities and styles. The marketing strategy becomes simpler, and product options adjust to client wants. Social media platforms provide network connectivity that allows organizations and consumers to participate in marketing and sales activities in online communities. Using social media leads to broad social bonds and builds an environment that can influence consumer engagement. Through social media networks, online stores increase product sales and have an impact on improving small and medium enterprises (SMEs) performance. However, some studies found that social media did not cause customers to return to shop at the same online store. Therefore, this study proposes using social media mediated by the value of social commerce services. We tested this research on 215 SMEs in Indonesia who conduct online promotions and sales using social media. The goal is to analyse the benefits of using social media and the intention to buy back at the same online store to improve the performance of SMEs. Statistical analysis is based on data collected through survey questionnaires using the partial least square (PLS) method to test hypotheses.
Adaptive evolution of stress response genes in parasites aligns with host niche diversity
Authors: Cruz-Laufer Armando J. , Vanhove Maarten P. M. , Bachmann Lutz , Barson Maxwell , Bassirou Hassan , Nyom Arnold R. Bitja , Geraerts Mare , Hahn Christoph , Huyse Tine , Kasembele Gyrhaiss Kapepula , Njom Samuel , Resl Philipp , Smeets Karen , Kmentová Nikol
Published: June 2024

Stress responses are key for parasite survival and, consequently, also
the evolutionary success of these organisms. Despite this importance,
our understanding of the molecular pathways dealing with environmental
stressors remains limited for parasitic animals. Here, we targeted the
molecular pathways dealing with environmental stressors and
comparatively investigated antioxidant, heat shock, osmoregulatory, and
behaviour-related genes (foraging) in two parasitic flatworm
lineages with contrasting species and ecological diversity,
Cichlidogyrus and Kapentagyrus (Platyhelminthes:
Monogenea), through whole-genome sequencing of 11 species. Using an
in silico exon bait capture approach, we assembled the sequences
of 48 stress-related genes and report the first foraging
(for) gene orthologs in flatworms. We found duplications of heat
shock- (hsp) and oxidative stress genes in Cichlidogyrus
compared to Kapentagyrus. We also observed positive selection
patterns in genes related to mitochondrial protein import (hsp)
and behaviour (for) in species of Cichlidogyrus infecting
East African cichlids—a host lineage under adaptive
radiation—consistent with a potential adaptation linked to a
co-radiation of parasites and hosts. Accordingly, this study potentially
identifies the first molecular function linked to a flatworm radiation.
Additionally, the absence of cytochrome P450, and kappa and sigma-class
glutathione S-transferases in monogenean flatworms is reported, genes
considered essential for metazoan life.
Comparative metagenomic analysis of bacterial communities and functional profiles in urban-influenced blue carbon ecosystems
Authors: S Ashutosh Parab , Ghose Mayukhmita , Jad Vitasta , Phakatkar Sumit , J Aiswarya K , Manohar Cathrine
Published: June 2024

Mangrove and seaweed ecosystems, as integral components of blue carbon
habitats, play pivotal roles in global carbon sequestration and coastal
protection, showcasing unique environmental dynamics and biological
diversity. This study explores seaweed and mangrove-associated bacterial
communities and their functional dynamics in Goa coastal habitats,
highlighting their critical ecological roles within blue carbon
habitats. Physicochemical analysis revealed contrasting environmental
conditions, with the seaweed ecosystem experiencing stable marine
influences and the mangrove ecosystem subject to dynamic
terrestrial-aquatic interactions. Elevated levels of pathogenic bacteria
in both ecosystems indicate significant pollution from anthropogenic
activities. Advanced metagenomic techniques, including Illumina’s 16S
V3-V4 amplicon sequencing, were employed to assess bacterial diversity.
The seaweed ecosystems were predominated by Proteobacteria,
Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria, crucial for nutrient cycling and
organic matter decomposition. In contrast, mangrove ecosystems displayed
a more complex microbiota, represented by Firmicutes, adapted to
anaerobic conditions. Core microbiome analysis revealed the prevalence
of the pathogen Pleurocapsa in seaweeds, suggesting ecosystem
health decline, while mangrove microbiomes showed the dominance of
genera such as Bacillus and Clostridium, which are key in
processing organic material under low-oxygen conditions. Notably,
Clostridium levels indicated faecal contamination, underscoring
the impact of external pollution. Functional pathway analysis conducted
with PICRUSt2 analysis elucidated the metabolic specializations of the
microbiomes. Seaweed-associated microbiomes excelled in carbohydrate
metabolism, cellular growth and death and environmental information
processing, whereas mangrove microbiomes showed advanced capabilities in
carbohydrate metabolism, xenobiotics biodegradation and complex organic
compound metabolism such as terpenoids and polyketides, reflecting
complex microbial dynamics and pollution in mangroves. The findings
emphasize the urgent need for effective conservation strategies to
protect these vital ecosystems against the rising threats of
anthropogenic pressures pollution, and climate change. An enhanced
understanding of microbial dynamics and functional capabilities is
essential for implementing informed management practices, ensuring the
conservation and restoration of these critical blue carbon ecosystems.
The Role of Chronic Endometritis in The Etiopathogenesis of Adenomyosis
Authors: Aslan Batuhan , Ersöz Cevriye Cansız , Şükür Yavuz Emre , Özmen Batuhan , Sönmezer Murat , Berker Bülent , Aytaç Ruşen , Atabekoğlu Cem Somer
Published: June 2024

Objective: The aim of our study is to examine the relationship
between adenomyosis and chronic endometritis and to discuss its possible
effects on pathogenesis. Design: Prospective analysis of
previous patients’ pathology specimens Setting: A tertiary
university hospital’s department of obstetrics and gynecology.
Patients: Patients who underwent hysterectomy at were divided
into two groups according to the presence or absence of adenomyosis. A
propensity score matching analysis was performed to minimize selection
bias in patient groups. A total of 146, 73 patients in each group, were
included in the study. Methods: The previous specimens of the
patients were re-evaluated with the CD38 immunohistochemistry staining
method. A positive diagnosis of CE was made in the presence of plasma
cells. In particular, basal endometrial thickness was measured in
endo-myometrial transition zones. Main outcome measuresand Results: The adenomyosis group was significantly younger
than the group without adenomyosis (47.14 ± 4.24 vs. 50.36 ± 7.02, p =
0.012). 17 (11.6%) patients in the adenomyosis group were diagnosed
with chronic endometritis, while 7 (4.8%) patients in the control group
were diagnosed with chronic endometritis, and a statistically
significant difference was found (p<0.05). Basal endometrium
could be measured in a total of 112 (76.7%) patients, while basal
endometrial loss was observed in 34 (23.3%) patients. Chronic
endometritis was found in 16 (47%) of the patients with basal
endometrial loss. The baseline endometrial thickness of 112 (76.7%) of
the patients could be measured, but only 8 (7.1%) of them had chronic
endometritis. There was a statistically significant difference between
the groups (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, there was a
statistically significant relationship between basal endometrial loss
and CE. Conclusion(s): A significant relationship was observed
between adenomyosis and chronic endometritis.
Equity in evidence synthesis: you can’t play on broken strings
Authors: Lotfi Tamara , Welch Vivian , Pardo Jordi Pardo , Petkovic Jennifer , Treweek Shaun , Darzi Andrea , Glover Rebecca , Devane Declan , Viswanathan Meera , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Pottie Kevin , Kristjansson Elizabeth , Sayfi Shahab , Maxwell Lara , Magwood Olivia , Francis Damian , Riddle Dru , Shea Beverley , Tugwell Peter
Published: June 2024

The 2022 Cochrane Lecture challenged Cochrane and its community to
enhance their equity efforts and presented specific issues needing
attention. We have created an actionable plan to address these
challenges. These include: 1. Setting priorities for reviews based on
health equity and global burden of disease 2. Advocate and support
initiatives to promote equity, diversity, and inclusion in Cochrane 3.
Actively seek global representation in the governance of the Campbell
and Cochrane Health Equity Thematic Group We advocate for the inclusion
of health equity considerations in all Cochrane systematic reviews. To
achieve this, we need the cooperation of all those involved, such as
journal editors, funders, and researchers. We invite the global
community to work with us to address these equity gaps in research and
practice.
A Computational Model of Dendritic Growth Dynamics: Exploring Exponential and Logarithmic Scales in Neural Development
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: June 2024

The intricate architecture of dendritic arborization is fundamental to the formation and functionality of neural networks, serving as the primary site for synaptic integration and signal propagation. This study presents a pioneering computational model that simulates dendritic growth dynamics, employing exponential and logarithmic scaling over an extended developmental period of 720 days. This model offers a valuable tool for investigating the implications of diverse dendritic growth patterns on neural development, synaptic connectivity, and ultimately, cognitive functions. The computational framework incorporates biologically plausible parameters, allowing for the systematic exploration of dendritic branching patterns and their potential impact on neuronal information processing. By simulating exponential and logarithmic growth scales, the model captures the inherent complexity and diversity of dendritic morphologies observed in various neuronal populations across different brain regions. The findings from this study hold significant implications for our understanding of neural circuit assembly, synaptic integration, and the potential functional consequences of aberrant dendritic growth patterns observed in neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, the model’s ability to simulate extended developmental trajectories over a prolonged period of 720 days offers insights into the dynamic interplay between dendritic growth and synaptic pruning, which is crucial for the refinement and optimization of neural networks.
The Promise and Pitfalls of Machine Learning in Ocean Remote Sensing
Authors: Gray Patrick Clifton , Boss Emmanuel , Prochaska J Xavier , Kerner Hannah , Demeaux Charlotte Begouen , Lehahn Yoav
Published: June 2024

The proliferation of easily accessible machine learning algorithms and their apparent successes at inference and classification in computer vision and the sciences has motivated their increased adoption in ocean remote sensing. Our field, however, runs the risk of developing these models on limited training datasets-with sparse geographical and temporal sampling or ignoring the real data dimensionality-and thereby constructing over-fitted or non-generalized algorithms. These models may perform poorly in new regimes or on new, anomalous phenomena that emerge in a changing climate. We highlight these issues and strategies for mitigating them, share a few heuristics to help users develop intuition for machine learning methods, and provide a vision for areas we believe are underexplored at the intersection of machine learning and ocean remote sensing. The ocean is a complex physical-biogeochemical system that we cannot mechanistically model well despite our best efforts. ML has the potential to play an important role in improved process understanding, but we must always ask what we are learning after the model has learned.
A comparative study of cave system calcium isotope ratios: Implications for quantitative reconstruction of paleorainfall from speleothems
Authors: Wet Cameron de , Griffith Elizabeth Morris , Erhardt Andrea , Oster Jessica Leigh
Published: June 2024

Variations in speleothem calcium isotope ratios (δ44Ca) are thought to
be uniquely controlled by prior carbonate precipitation (PCP) above a
drip site and, when calibrated with modern data, show promise as a
semi-quantitative proxy for paleorainfall. However, few monitoring
studies have focused on δ44Ca in modern cave systems. We present a
multi-year comparative study of δ44Ca, carbon isotopes (δ13C), and trace
elemental ratios from cave drip waters, modern calcite, and host rocks
from two cave systems in California - White Moon Cave (WMC) and Lake
Shasta Caverns (LSC). Drip water and calcite δ44Ca from both caves
indicate PCP-driven enrichment, and we use a simple Rayleigh
fractionation model to quantify PCP variability over the monitoring
period. Modern calcite δ44Ca from deeper sites at WMC display a larger
PCP signal than shallower sites, indicating that longer flow paths allow
for more PCP under the same hydroclimate conditions. At both WMC and
LSC, we observe an inverse relationship between PCP and rainfall
amounts, though this relationship is variable across individual drip
sites. Our modeled data suggest that WMC experiences
~20% more PCP than LSC, consistent with the fact that
WMC receives less annual rainfall. This work supports speleothem δ44Ca
as an independent constraint on PCP that can aid in the interpretation
of other hydrologically sensitive proxies and provide quantitative
estimates of paleorainfall. Additional, long-term monitoring studies
from a variety of climate settings will be key for understanding δ44Ca
variability in cave systems more fully and better constraining the
relationship between PCP and rainfall.
Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Collection 4 Formaldehyde Product
Authors: Ayazpour Zolal , Abad Gonzalo González , Nowlan Caroline R. , Sun Kang , Kwon Hyeong-Ahn , Miller Christopher Chan , Chong Heesung , Wang Huiqun , Liu Xiong , Chance Kelly V. , O'Sullivan Ewan , Zhu Lei , Vigouroux Corinne , Smedt Isabelle De , Stremme Wolfgang , Hannigan James W , Notholt Justus , Sun Xiaoyu , Palm Mathias , Petri Christof , Strong Kimberly , Röhling Amelie Ninja , Mahieu Emmanuel , Smale Dan , Té Yao , Morino Isamu , Murata Isao , Nagahama Tomoo , Kivi Rigel , Makarova Maria , Jones Nicholas Brian , Sussmann Ralf
Published: June 2024

This study presents the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Collection 4
formaldehyde (HCHO) retrieval developed with the Smithsonian
Astrophysical Observatory’s (SAO) Making Earth System Data Records for
Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) algorithm. The retrieval
algorithm updates and makes improvements to the NASA operational OMI
HCHO (OMI Collection 3 HCHO) algorithm, and has been transitioned to use
OMI Collection 4 Level-1B radiances. This paper describes the updated
retrieval algorithm and compares Collection 3 and Collection 4 data
products. The OMI Collection 4 HCHO exhibits remarkably improved
stability over time in comparison to the OMI Collection 3 HCHO product,
with better precision and the elimination of artificial trends present
in the Collection 3 during the later years of the mission. We validate
the OMI Collection 4 HCHO data product using Fourier-Transform Infrared
(FTIR) ground-based HCHO measurements. The climatological monthly
averaged OMI Collection 4 HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) agree
well with the FTIR VCDs, with a correlation coefficient of 0.83,
root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 2.98 × 10 molecules
cm, regression slope of 0.79, and intercept of 8.21
× 10 molecules cm. Additionally,
we compare the monthly averaged OMI Collection 4 HCHO VCDs to OMPS Suomi
NPP, OMPS NOAA-20, and TROPOMI HCHO VCDs in overlapping years for twelve
geographic regions. This comparison demonstrates high correlation
coefficients of 0.98 (OMPS Suomi NPP), 0.97 (OMPS NOAA-20), and 0.90
(TROPOMI).
A Flexible Approach to Parameterize the Optical Properties of Clouds and Precipitation
Authors: Feng Jing , Menzel Raymond , Paynter David
Published: June 2024

In this study, a novel optics scheme for cloud and precipitation
modeling is introduced. Based on the Mie theory and existing datasets on
ice crystals, the scheme offers an open-source package for generating
data for user-defined gas bands, particle size distributions, and
crystal habits. This approach ensures continuity across wide spectral
bands and from small particle sizes (i.e., clouds) to large particle
sizes (i.e., precipitation). It overcomes biases in existing schemes
caused by numerical accuracy and inconsistency. Results are evaluated
using an offline version of radiation codes used in a global circulation
model. Using the flexible new scheme, it is found that cloud radiative
effects are sensitive to microphysics variables such as particle size
and habit distribution, which have an impact on effective radius.
Systematic biases in radiation fluxes may occur if the effective radius
is not fully predicted in microphysics processes due to predefined size
and habit distributions. We show that when models assume spherical ice
crystals, they dramatically underestimate radiative effects in ice
clouds. The biases can be addressed by improving the effective radius
approximation with a volume-to-radius ratio calculated from in-situ
measurements. Combining these findings, we propose that numerical models
can use a set of optics parameterizations for each type of hydrometer
while accurately accounting for radiation effects caused by variations
in size and habit distributions. Uncertainties due to this
simplification are evaluated. This study offers a pathway towards a
simple, consistent, and physical representation of radiative processes
of clouds and precipitation in weather and climate simulations.
Deep-sea rare-earth mineral resources formed in the early Eocene Hothouse ocean: Insights from deep learning-based microfossil observations
Authors: Mimura Kazuhide , Kitazawa Takahiro , Nakamura Kentaro , Yasukawa Kazutaka , Kuwahara Yusuke , Ohta Junichiro , Kato Yasuhiro
Published: June 2024

Deep-sea mud enriched in rare-earth elements (REEs), termed REE-rich
mud, is a promising seafloor mineral resource. A decade of surveys has
revealed that the mud with the highest REE concentration occurs in the
pelagic realm of the western North Pacific Ocean, with two layers of
elevated REE concentration. Previous analyses of sediments have revealed
multiple periods of significant REE enrichment, with the first
(youngest) REE enrichment triggered by global cooling during the
Eocene–Oligocene climate transition. However, the depositional
mechanism of older REE peaks remains unclear. Fish debris is the major
host of REE in deep-sea sediments. In this study, the microfossils of
fish teeth and denticles, called ichthyoliths, were observed to
constrain the depositional ages of REE-enriched layers with unknown
genesis. Empowered by deep learning, more than 40,000 ichthyoliths were
observed, and the second (older) REE enrichment was revealed to have
occurred in the early Eocene, when the Earth’s climate was exceedingly
warm. The warm ocean may have enhanced the efficiency of trophic
transfer, leading to an increased supply of fish debris and thus REE, to
the seafloor. Therefore, the Paleogene Hothouse might have been
advantageous for producing valuable seafloor mineral resources.
Updated Smoke Exposure Estimate for Indonesian Peatland Fires using a Network of Lowcost PM2.5 sensors and a regional air quality model
Authors: Graham Ailish M , Spracklen Dominick V , Mcquaid James B , Smith Thomas E L , Nurrahmawati Hanun , Ayona Devina , Mulawarman Hasyim , Adam Chaidir , Papargyropoulou Effie , Rigby Richard , Padfield Rory , Choiruzzad Shofwan
Published: June 2024

Indonesia accounts for more than one third of the world’s tropical
peatlands. Much of the peatland in Indonesia has been deforested and
drained, meaning it is more susceptible to fires, especially during
drought and El Niño events. Fires are most common in Riau (Sumatra) and
Central Kalimantan (Borneo) and lead to poor regional air quality.
Measurements of air pollutant concentrations are sparse in both regions
contributing to large uncertainties in both fire emissions and air
quality degradation. We deployed a network of 13 low-cost PM2.5 sensors
across urban and rural locations in Central Kalimantan and measured
indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations during the onset of an El Niño
dry season in 2023. During the dry season (September 1st to October
31st), mean outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were 136 µg m-3 , with fires
contributing 90 µg m-3 to concentrations. Median indoor/outdoor (I/O)
ratios were 1.01 in rural areas, considerably higher than those reported
during wildfires in other regions of the world (e.g. USA), indicating
housing stock in the region provides little protection from outdoor
PM2.5. We combined WRF-Chem simulated PM2.5 concentrations with the
median fire-derived I/O ratio and questionnaire results pertaining to
participants’ time spent I/O to estimate 1.62 million people in Central
Kalimantan were exposed to unhealthy, very unhealthy and dangerous air
quality (>55.4 µg m-3 ) during the dry season. Our work
provides new information on the exposure of people in Central Kalimantan
to smoke from fires and highlights the need for action to help reduce
peatland fires.
The Collaborative Seismic Earth Model: Generation 2
Authors: Noe Sebastian , Herwaarden Dirk Philip van , Thrastarson Solvi , Pienkowska-Cote Marta , Masouminia Neda , Ma Jincheng , Bunge Hans Peter , Wehner Deborah , Rawlinson Nicholas , Gao Ya-Jian , Tilmann Frederik , Rodgers Arthur J , Fichtner Andreas
Published: June 2024

Geological interpretations, earthquake source inversions and ground
motion modelling, among other applications, require models that jointly
resolve crustal and mantle structure. With the second generation of the
Collaborative Seismic Earth Model (CSEM2), we present a global
multi-resolution tomographic Earth model that serves this purpose. The
model evolves through successive regional- and global-scale refinements.
While the first generation aggregated regional models, with this study,
we ensure consistency between all individual submodels, resulting in a
model that accurately explains wave propagation across scales. Recent
regional tomographic models were incorporated, comprising
continental-scale inversions for Asia and Africa, as well as regional
inversions for the Western US, Central Andes, Iran, and Southeast Asia.
Across all regional refinements, over 793,000 unique source-receiver
pairs contributed. Moreover, the long-wavelength Earth model (LOWE)
introduces large-scale structures outside of pre-existing local
refinements. A global full-waveform inversion over a total of 194
iterations with a minimum period of 50 s on a large data set of 2,423
earthquakes and over 6 million source-receiver pairs ensures that
regional updates in the crust and uppermost mantle correctly translate
into updates of deeper, global-scale structure. To test the performance
of CSEM2, we evaluate waveform fits between observed and synthetic
seismograms at 50 s for an independent data set on the global scale, and
on the regional scale for lower periods. We show that we can accurately
simulate waveforms within and across the regional refinements,
maintaining the original resolution of the submodels embedded in the
global framework.
Dilemmas in Reception of Newly Arrived Migrant Students: A Local Third Way?
Authors: Enemark Nanna Ramsing
Published: June 2024

Receiving newly arrived migrant pupils poses a dilemma in terms of what special provisions they should have in schools. In Denmark, the dilemma is deferred to municipalities. In Aalborg Municipality, the two dominating approaches, direct enrollment and reception classes, were recontextualized into a third way mixed reception approach in 2022. Through classroom observations and interviews, this article asks: How does school staff handle reception when the two dominating reception approaches are politically transformed into a new mixed approach? The article shows that the dominating approaches affect the division between specialized teachers’ and mainstream teachers’ handling and understanding of reception.
Advancements in Antidiabetic Therapy: An extensive study on the use of Polypills to treat type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kalita Parimita
Published: June 2024

The hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is elevated blood glucose levels brought on by insulin resistance or inadequate insulin synthesis. Oral hypoglycaemic medications and insulin therapy are two examples of pharmacological therapies used in conjunction with lifestyle changes like diet and exercise to manage type 2 diabetes. However, because T2DM is a complex disease and requires many drugs to regulate different risk factors, managing the condition can be difficult. Polypills, or cardiovascular fixed-dose combination pills, have the potential to alleviate the pervasive inaccessibility and noncompliance with established medications. Switching from existing individually taken drugs is usually required to begin polypill-based therapy. The impact of polypill treatment across various patterns of previous pharmaceutical regimen is of relevance due to the heterogeneity in usual care. Utilizing a polypill helps streamline drug schedules, lessening patients' burden with pills, and possibly increasing adherence. In type 2 diabetes, when controlling blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose levels frequently necessitates the use of many drugs, this is especially crucial. Recommendations state that those with established cardiovascular disease are probably now receiving aspirin, a statin, and blood pressure (BP)-lowering drugs. It might be reasonable to combine these medications into a cardiovascular polypill for these patients in order to reduce prescription gaps and non-adherence. A sizable portion of individuals suffering from long-term cardiovascular conditions currently use a combination of prescription drugs. Introduce a polypill to high-risk patients to reduce prescription gaps and enhance adherence to recommended therapy
Emerging Trends in Applied Mathematics
Authors: Muhammed-Amin Dlvan O.
Published: June 2024

This research explores the emerging trends in applied mathematics and their far-reaching implications in various fields. Machine learning and artificial intelligence are revolutionizing healthcare, finance, and natural language processing. Big data analysis is enhancing decision-making in finance, healthcare, and logistics. Quantum computing promises to transform materials science and renewable energy. These trends are reshaping research and practice, offering innovative solutions and opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration. Ethical considerations and the development of advanced algorithms are critical areas of future research. This study serves as a foundation for understanding and harnessing the potential of these trends, emphasizing the importance of continuous exploration and skill development in an evolving mathematical landscape.
Assessment of physico-biochemical parameters of Moroccan loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) genotypes using multivariate analysis
Authors: Kabiri G , Kodad O , Hernandez F , Lachkham F , Hanine H
Published: June 2024

The present study was conducted to assess the physico-biochemical variability in 35 genotypes of loquat using multivariate analyses, in order to provide efficient criteria and promising genotypes for the loquat genetic breeding program. Mature fruits were collected from 35 loquat genotypes, belonging to the Zegzel valley, were subjected to physico-biochemical analyses. The results revealed a juice yield ranging from 0.21 to 0.65 g/g FW, and a polyphenols content fluctuating from 322.8 to 366.89 µg GAE. g-1 DM. Regarding DPPH test, with a range of 3.35 and 7.6 µmol TE. g-1 DM, showed a positive correlation with total polyphenol content (r2= 0.76) and flavonoid content (r2= 0.72). Moreover, a negative correlation was recorded between the total soluble solids content and juice yield (r2=- 0.47), which was moderately correlated with vitamin C (r2= 0.59). In addition, the components analysis results revealed a significant and independent contribution of bio-physicochemicalcharacteristics in the loquat variation. Indeed, biochemical characteristics contribute to PC1, while, physicochemical parameters contribute to PC2 and PC3. Furthermore, the hierarchical clustering analysis classified the 35 genotypes into four homogeneous groups independently of their geographic origin. According to these findings, the genotypes T9, T12, Z16, Z17 and TA9 exhibited high total sugar content, while, genotypes T9 and T11 provide high carotenoids, flavonoids, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity level. As results, these genotypes can be directly recommended for the vegetative propagation as well as applied along with the efficient characters in future loquat breeding programs.
Floral biology and reproductive potential of Annona hybrid Arka Sahan
Authors: Sushmitha B H , Sakthivel T , Sankaran M , Shivashankara K S , Dhananjaya M V , Lakshmana Reddy D C , Venugopalan R
Published: June 2024

Annona hybrid Arka Sahan has become a commercially important fruit in recent times and it needs an assisted pollination to get good size. Studies on floral biology of Annona hybrid Arka Sahan revealed that major bloom occurs during March-April. Most of the flowers start opening during the afternoon and continued till 7.00 pm, while, pollen dehiscence mainly occurred in early morning in the following day. The maximum stigma receptivity was recorded on the day of anthesis. Completely pendulous petal was more common in Arka Sahan flowers resulting = improper pollination. The minimum number of beetles and bees were observed between 7.00 to 8.00 am. Pollen germination and viability were lower at anthesis (5.8% and 44%, respectively) and declined as the day progressed. The pendulous nature of petals eventually brings some un-pollinated stigmas potentially resulting in delayed selfing leading to misshaped fruits.
Design and development of a detopping mechanism for onion detopping machine
Authors: Carolin Rathinakumari A , Senthil Kumaran G
Published: June 2024

Onion detopping is one of the unit operations involved in the cultivation of onion crop. Manual onion detopping is time consuming and highly drudgery. Therefore, an onion detopping machine was designed and developed for higher efficiency. An efficient detopping mechanism designed to achieve the maximum performance parameters in terms of detopping efficiency, per cent damage of onion bulbs and capacity of the onion detopping machine. By considering the crop parameters and functional requirement, four types of shearing designs of detopping tool namely, lead screw, square shaft with two cutting edges, square shaft with four cutting edges and helical roller were designed, developed and evaluated. Among four different shearing mechanisms, the helical roller type detopping tool was found to be effective in detopping the onion leaves. The helical roller type detopping tool had a detopping efficiency (98.44±1.07%), per cent damage (2.05±0.45%), conveying efficiency (97.60±1.02 %) and capacity (372.60±13.95 kg/h), respectively
Energy use pattern in rose onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivation
Authors: Senthil Kumaran G , Carolin Rathinakumari A , Venu S A , Surendra A R
Published: June 2024

A study was conducted to analyse the energy use pattern for cultivation and on farm processing of rose onion (Allium cepa L.). The energy auditing data was collected by stratified random sampling method using a face- to-face interaction at Sadali (Hobli), Sidlaghatta, Chikkaballapur, Karnataka. In this region, the energy utilized for different package of practices followed for rose onion cultivation by conventional practice are land preparation (5-tyne cultivator, 9-tyne cultivator and rotovator), sowing (broadcasting), thinning (manual), manure & fertilizer application (manual), plant protection {weeding (manual and chemical spray), chemical spraying (battery operated sprayer)}, irrigation (micro-irrigation), harvesting (manual) and detopping (manual). The energy use pattern for the above-mentioned various package of practices were found to be 4,207.95±37.21, 664.66±17.68, 53.31±2.68, 22,522.92±385.07, 2,534.40±155.55, 14,980.51±229.49, 807.74±20.80 and 1,571.75±42.77 MJ ha-1, respectively. The input energy, output energy and energy ratio were calculated as 47,343.23±484.65, 38,131.12±462.48 MJ ha-1 and 0.81±0.01, respectively. The energy intensive operation identified was manure and fertilizer application (fertilizer 46.80%; men 0.77%) both indirect and direct energy sources, followed by irrigation (electricity 31.09%; men 0.55%), land preparation (diesel 8.33%) and pesticide application (pesticide 4.53%). It is concluded that the fertilizer, electricity and diesel utilised in rose onion cultivation needs to be optimally minimised through management practices.
Influence of plant growth substances on reproductive growth, yield and fruit quality of pear (Pyrus communis L.) cv. Punjab Beauty
Authors: Paul A , Kaur Nirmaljit , Gill P P S , Sinha Aeshna
Published: June 2024

Under sub-tropical region, poor fruit set is a major constraint in semi-soft pears resulting in lower fruit yield. To study the effect of plant growth substances on fruit production and quality, the plants of pear cv. Punjab Beauty were sprayed with the plant growth substances viz., boric acid (200, 300 ppm), CPPU (5, 10 ppm), NAA (10, 20 ppm) and P-Ca (150, 300 ppm) at full bloom stage. Among all the applied treatments, boric acid @ 200 ppm proved to be most effective with maximum fruit set (6.91 %), fruit retention (59.9 %) and yield (57.8 kg/plant), while, maximum fruit weight (162.3 g) was observed with NAA (20 ppm). The highest internal fruit quality in terms of maximum TSS (12.4o Brix), TSS/acid ratio (53.4) and ascorbic acid (12.8 mg kg-1) was observed in 200 ppm boric acid. However, the total phenol (30.9 mg GAE/100 pulp) and flavonoid (36.1 mg CE/100 pulp) content was significantly higher with NAA (20 ppm). The plant growth substances reduced the polyphenol oxidase activity in fruits. Overall, the application of boric acid (200 ppm) resulted in improved fruit set, yield and quality in pear cv. Punjab Beauty.
„Ég hreinlega get ekki beðið eftir að hefjast handa“
Authors: Ólafsdóttir Anna , Zophoníasdóttir Sólveig
Published: June 2024

Greinin segir frá rannsókn höfunda á þremur námskeiðum áherslusviðsins Upplýsingatækni í námi og kennslu sem kennt er á meistarastigi í Háskólanum á Akureyri. Markmið þess hluta rannsóknarinnar sem greinin beinir athyglinni að var að varpa ljósi á upplifun nemenda af námskeiðum þar sem lögð var áhersla á virka þátttöku nemenda í mótun námskrár og hvort og þá hvernig sú upplifun rímaði við lykilþætti MUSIC-líkansins, en rannsóknir hafa sýnt að þessir lykilþættir efli áhugahvöt og virkni nemenda, séu þeir til staðar. Gagna var aflað um upplifun þátttakenda af námskeiðunum og MUSIC-líkanið nýtt sem greiningarrammi við úrvinnslu gagna.
Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar eru að nemendur upplifðu valdeflingu, gagnsemi, góðan árangur, áhuga og umhyggju í námskeiðunum, þ.e.a.s. þá lykilþætti sem MUSIC-líkanið samanstendur af. Þær sýna líka ótvíræð merki um að þessir þættir hafi skilað sér í sterkri áhugahvöt, virkni í námsferlinu öllu og eflt með nemendum seiglu þegar þau stóðu frammi fyrir áskorunum. Niðurstöðurnar gefa vísbendingar um að þátttaka nemenda í mótun námskrár námskeiðanna hafi átt þátt í þessari upplifun þeirra.
Um leið og höfundar setja þann fyrirvara að niðurstöðurnar byggja á gögnum frá tiltölulega fáum einstaklingum vegur á móti að fjölbreyttum gögnum var safnað og það skapaði bæði breidd og dýpt þegar horft er á niðurstöðurnar. Að mati greinarhöfunda veitir rannsóknin dýrmætar upplýsingar um nám háskólanemenda sem hafa gildi fyrir háskólakennara, bæði á Íslandi og í alþjóðlegu tilliti, innan fræðasviðs kennslufræðilegra rannsókna á háskólastigi.
The Making of Buddhism in Modern Indonesia
Authors: Yulianti
Published: June 2024

This book explores the making of Buddhism in modern Indonesia. Buddhism started a second life during the turbulent years of late colonial and independent Indonesia. This study argues that Buddhism re-emerged as the result of key local actors and transnational networks, in which both women and men had leading roles. Modern Buddhism brought together and into conflict the many ethnicities, nationalities and schools of Buddhism present in Indonesia. Chinese-Indonesian communities, European society, Theosophists and international Theravada Buddhist organisations took the lead in rooting Buddhism firmly in Indonesia. Budding Buddhist networks engaged with the growing sense of nationalism and modernity in the Dutch colony. Newly founded Buddhist organisations generated new forms of knowledge production and transformed Indonesian Buddhist practices, material cultures and literature, thereby bringing together Buddhism in Indonesia and global Buddhism. After exploring Buddhism revival in the colonial period, this study examines how Buddhism continued to develop in post-independence Indonesia. It shows the crucial role of inter-Asian Buddhist networks and the continued growth of Indonesian Buddhist organisations in 1950s. From its smaller niche in late colonial period, Buddhism reached switfly branched out widely across independent Indonesia’s ethnic communities.
Stability Analysis of Open-Pit Bench Slope under Repeated Heavy Vehicle Loading Based on Stress-Corrosion Model
Authors: Zhao Lichun , Li Zhiguo , Liu Yongjie , Xu Yongchao , Wasantha P.L.P. , Zheng Xiaobin , Xu Tao
Published: June 2024

In the present study, we address an important and increasingly relevant topic in mining safety and efficiency, namely the stability of open-pit bench slopes subjected to daily heavy truck cyclic loading. Specifically, we focus on the stability of Zhahanur open-pit slope (Inner Mongolia region, China) and investigate the potential role of daily heavy truck cyclic loading in bench slope instability. To this end, we incorporate a stress corrosion model into the particle flow code to develop a time-dependent deformation model of the rock. With the established model, we quantitatively analyse the effect of heavy truck cyclic loading on the bench slope stability. Our results support the hypothesis that daily heavy truck loading can cause gradual downward deformation of a rock mass, leading to slope instability. To validate our numerical modelling results, we compare and analyse them with in situ monitoring data. Our study demonstrates the significant impact of daily heavy vehicles on bench slope stability in open-pit mines and provides a practical tool for assessing the long-term stability of open-pit bench slopes and optimising mining operations.