bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on Macronutrient Fertilization in Pomegranate under Sub-Tropical Plains
Authors: Gill P P S , Kumar M , Singh N P , Dhillon W S
Published: August 2023

An investigation was carried out to study the influence of different levels of NPK fertilizers on plant growth, fruit yield and quality, and leaf NPK content in pomegranate cv. Kandhari under sub-tropical conditions. Graded doses of nitrogen (0-300g/plant), phosphorus (0-150g/plant) and potassium (0-300g/plant) fertilizers were applied through soil, in addition to a basal dose of FYM. Control plants were fed FYM only. Maximum increase in plant growth and fruit yield was recorded in plants receiving NPK @ 300:50:100g/plant, while Control plants registered least growth and yield. Potassium levels improved fruit weight over the Control. Higher dose of potassium also improved fruit colour and enhanced peel thickness and grain weight. Maximum TSS:acid ratio was seen with NPK @ 200:50:100g/plant. Reducing sugars were not affected by any treatment. Leaf N, P and K content increased with application of the respective nutrient.
Combining Ability for Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Manjarigota Type Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Khapte Pratapsingh Suresh , Singh T H , Sadashiva A T , Reddy K Madhavi
Published: August 2023

Twenty one F1 crosses of Manjarigota type of brinjal in a line X tester (mating design) involving seven lines and three testers were evaluated for general combining ability (GCA) of the parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of the crosses for various quantitative characters. Combining ability analysis revealed that two lines viz, IIHR-574 (L3) and IIHR-575 (L4), and two testers, IIHR-438-2 (T1) and IIHR-500A (T2) were good general combiner for most of the characters studied and, hence, can be used for further improvement of quantitative traits in Manjarigota type of brinjal. Among the 21 F1 crosses evaluated, two crosses, L4xT2 and L3xT3, were found to be good specific combiners for most of the yield contributing traits, viz, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant and plant height. Therefore, these cross-combinations can be commercially exploited for heterosis breeding to isolate desirable genotypes of manjarigota type brinjal.
Variability for Functional and Nutritional Quality Traits in Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Hedau N K , Saha S , Gahalain A , Kumar Arun , Agrawal P K , Bhatt J C
Published: August 2023

Natural biodiversity for functional and nutritional quality traits is of prime importance in breeding programmes for developing nutritionally rich genotypes. The present investigation was carried out to identify lines of sweet pepper with high ascorbic acid content and important mineral nutrients like potassium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, iron and manganese. Forty accessions of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were analyzed for their functional and nutritional composition. Wide variation was observed in functional quality traits like ascorbic acid content (22-129mg 100g-1), and β-Carotene (0.39-1.0mg 100g-1) suggesting a considerable level of genetic diversity. Wide variability was also noticed for nutritional composition (K, P, Zn, Cu, Fe&Mn) in the tested lines. Across accessions, concentration of ascorbic acid was negatively correlated with copper content (r = -0.293, p < 0.05) being significantly greater in two accessions, VHC 34 and VHC 37 (129 and 118.0 mg100g-1, respectively) compared to other accessions. β-Carotene concentration was higher (0.85 to 0.99mg 100g-1) in six accessions, and lower (0.39 to 0.54mg 100g-1) in twenty four accessions. Greater variability present for quality traits holds an immense potential to help develop Capsicum lines with traits of high functional and nutritional quality. Therefore, this information is potentially useful in sweet pepper breeding programmes in the future.
Microsatellite Identification in Solanaceae Crops Associated with Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NDK) Specific to Abiotic Stress Tolerance through in silico Analysis
Authors: Thomas Reena Rosy , Chandra Prakash M K , Reddy M Krishna , Mohandas Sukhada , Mahmood Riaz
Published: August 2023

Abiotic stress often causes a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes that affect plant growth, development and productivity. To cope with abiotic stresses, it is necessary to understand plant responses to stresses that disturb homeostatic equilibrium at the cellular and molecular level. Genomic information on Capsicum annuum has been explored to identify microsatellite markers associated with abiotic stress tolerance and assign them to cognate functional groups related to specific stress responses. Several in silico methods have been used to identify simple sequence repeats associated with stress responsive gene candidates in Capsicum annuum. In this study, a microsatellite marker has been identified in Capsicum annuum associated with Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NDK) having multiple environmental stress tolerance (oxidative, high temperature and salt stress) and which is also highly conserved in crops of Solanaceae. These are house-keeping enzymes that maintain intracellular levels of all nucleoside triphosphates (NTP) with the exception of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These are also involved in phytochrome A response, UV-B signaling, auxin responses and oxidative stress signaling.
Performance of Gladiolus Cultivars under Sub-Humid Southern Plains of Rajasthan
Authors: Mahawer T C , Mahawer L N , Bairwa H L
Published: August 2023

An investigation was carried out during October 2011 - May 2012 to evaluate performance of 15 cultivars of gladiolus for cut-flower, corm and cormel production. Cultivar 'IIHR-G-12' gave maximum plant height (108.32cm), spike length (76.43cm), rachis length (58.27cm), number of florets per spike (14.90), number of florets open at a time (3.63), longevity of florets (3.39 days), vase life of spike (14.20 days), number of spikes per plant (2.50), field durability of spike (16.20 days), flowering duration (38.20 days), number of corms per plant (2.55), corm diameter (6.13cm) and fresh weight of cormels per plant (29.42g); while, cv. 'Gunjan' gave largest floret diameter (10.39cm) and cormels per plants (60.76). Earliness in heading (65.87 days), spike emergence (70.43 days), first floret showing colour (82.93 days) and basal floret opening (85.60 days) were observed in cv. 'IIHR-G-12'. Significantly high corm fresh weight (70.24g) and leaf width (3.28cm) were noticed in cv. 'Pusa Kiran'. However, largest cormel diameter (1.91cm) was seen in cv. 'Delhi Pink', maximum number of tillers per plant in cv. 'Punjab Dawn', whereas, number of leaves plant-1 (9.60) and leaf length (40.41cm) were recorded in cv. 'Dhanvantari'. Among the cultivars tested, cv. IIHR-G-12 was found to be the best for significantly high spike yield (4.17 lakh), corm yield (4.25 lakh) and cormel yield (49.03q) ha-1.
Genetic Diversity in 'Appemidi' Pickle Mangoes
Authors: Vasugi C , Dinesh M R , Chithiraichelvan R
Published: August 2023

Mango is an important fruit crop grown extensively in India. An enormous diversity is seen in its flavour, taste and fruit form unique to particular regions of India. A large diversity for unique pickling types, called 'Appemidi' (tender mangoes), is seen in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. With rapid deforestation in several of these areas, surveys were conducted to collect and conserve these unique types. This resulted in collection of 33 unique accessions which have been conserved in the Institute's field gene bank. On evaluation of tender fruit, accessions 'Chansi Appe', 'Dodderi Jeerige', 'Mani Bhatta Appe', 'Gorana Appe', 'Isagoor Appe', 'Malange', 'Gurumurthy Appe' and 'Kashimidi' were found to possess good traits for tender, whole-fruit pickling.
Evaluation of Traditional Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Varieties of Southern Kerala
Authors: Simi S , Rajmohan K
Published: August 2023

Investigations were carried out at the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, to characterize traditional mango varieties of southern Kerala, based on utility of fruits. Wide publicity was made about the proposed study and an extensive survey was conducted. Fifty traditional mango types could be located from Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha districts. On evaluation three utility groups were identified, viz., pickling, table and dual purpose types, based on the survey. Variability could be observed for floral, fruit and quality attributes. Flowering round the year was observed in Vellari Type-1, Thali, Kizhakkan Thali and Ambalathara Local. Karpoora Varikka with carotenoid content higher than most leading, superior varieties was identified. Varieties with high content of total sugars were Nedungolan, Vellari Type-2, Perakka manga, Inamanga, Neenda Karpooram, Velutha Muvandan, Karpoora Varikka and Ambalathara Local. Pickling type mangoes gave highest average ascorbic acid content (46.02mg/ 100g). Average titrable acidity (%) and crude fibre content were also the highest in pickling types (1.22% and 1.18%, respectively). In organoleptic evaluation, Perakka manga, Nedungolan, Karpooram manga, Vellari Type-2, Neenda Karpooram, Muthalamookan, Inamanga, Ambalathara Local, Kotookonam Varikka and Velutha Muvandan ranked on top in overall acceptability. These traditional varieties with desirable traits can be used for developing molecular markers to identify particular genes of interest and transfer them to desirable cultivars through genetic engineering.
Effect of Paclobutrazol on Fruit Quality Attributes in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cv. Totapuri
Authors: Reddy Y T N , Shivu Prasad S R , Upreti K K
Published: August 2023

Paclobutrazol application restricts vegetative growth while improving flowering and fruiting in mango. In the present study, effect of soil drenching with Paclobutrazol @ 3.0ml m-1 canopy diameter, applied during the 3rd week of August, on fruit quality attributes was investigated in cv. Totapuri. Parameters like fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS), % acidity, and content of ascorbic acid, carotenoids, lycopene and individual sugars was estimated. Paclobutrazol application increased average fruit weight, TSS and content of ascorbic acid and total carotenoids, and reduced the acidity in fruits compared to fruits in untreated trees. Lycopene content was only marginally influenced by paclobutrazol. In fruits of paclobutrazol treated trees, increase of 23.4% in total sugars, 29.6% in reducing sugars, 77.4% in glucose and 27.8% in sucrose content was recorded over fruits from the untreated trees. Results indicated that, paclobutrazol application improved quality in mango fruit.
Influence of Organic Practices on Growth and Fruit Yield in Papaya Cv. Surya
Authors: Reddy Y T N , Kurian Reju M , Ganeshamurthy A N , Pannerselvam P , Shivu Prasad S R
Published: August 2023

A field trial on organic practices in papaya cv. Surya was conducted during 2009-2011 with 10 nutrient combinations involving farm yard manure, biofertilizers and VAM along with 100% recommended dose of fertilizers and no manure/ fertilizer treatment. Vegetative parameters were recorded periodically. At 18 months after planting, plant height, plant girth and number of leaves were found to be significant. Results indicated that, crop growth was better with organic treatments compared to no manure/fertilizer treatment. Fruit yield and quality parameters were also recorded. Fruit yield and average fruit weight were found to be significant. Maximum fruit yield of 32kg/plant (80 t/ ha) was recorded under 75% recommended dose of fertilizer applied as farm yard manure+vermicompost, which was significantly superior to that in 100% recommended dose of fertilizer for the 18-month cropping period.
Gene Action and Combining Ability Analysis in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Kumar S Ramesh , Arumugam T
Published: August 2023

Combining ability analysis in brinjal genotypes indicated significant genotypic and environmental variations for all the 15 characters studied. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances showed significant interactions. Genotypes Palamedu Local (L5), Alagarkovil Local (L4), Melur Local (L6) and Annamalai (T1) were found to be good general combiners, and the crosses L3 x T3 (Kariapatty Local x Punjab Sadabahar), L8 x T1, (Nilakottai Local x Annamalai), L4 x T1 (Alagarkovil Local x Annamalai), L6 x T2 (Melur Local x KKM 1), L7 x T3 (Keerikai Local x Punjab Sadabahar) and L7 x T2 (Keerikai Local x KKM 1) were identified as good specific combiners for fruit yield and other related traits. These hybrid combinations can be used for commercial exploitation for fruit yield in brinjal.
Performance of Coloured Bell Pepper in Naturally-Ventilated Polyhouse under Mid-Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Rajender , Shukla Y R
Published: August 2023

Bell pepper is highly susceptible to water stagnation and excess moisture. Therefore, cultivation of this vegetable under protected structures can prove to be a boon, ensuring higher yields and quality produce. Farmers are mainly concentrating on cultivation of coloured varieties, viz., Orobelle and Bomby, under these structures. Therefore, on-farm trials were laid out during the year 2007 in farmers' fields, with six hybrids of bell pepper (Orobelle, Bomby, Mahabharath, Tanvi, Tanvi Plus and US-26) replicated thrice in RBD at four locations. The aim was to provide a suitable substitute for the existing varieties. On studies revealed that Tanvi (yellow-fruited) and Tanvi Plus (red-fruited) were the best yielders when compared to varieties being grown by the farmers. Average plant height ranged from 100 to 160cm, fruit weight ranged from 205 to 280g/fruit and number of marketable fruits per plant varied from 11 to 23. Yield and (Benefit:Cost) B:C ratio for the two best hybrids, i.e., Tanvi and Tanvi Plus were 140.5t&127.3t ha-1, and 2.37&2.06, respectively.
Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Solanum Species to Water Stress under in vitro Conditions
Authors: Bhatt R M , . Rashmi , Rao A. D. D. V. S. Nageswara , Laxman R H , Singh T H
Published: August 2023

A study on seed germination and seedling growth was conducted with five cultivars of Solanum melongena L. (cvs. Arka Nidhi, B.P.L.H.-1, Arka Neelakanth, Arka Keshav and Mattu Gulla) and a wild species Solanum macrocarpon L. under different levels of osmotic potential induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000). Germination declined progressively in response to decreasing (more negative) water potential, and no germination was found beyond - 0.4MPa in any of the cultivars/species. Except for cvs. Arka Nidhi, B.P.L.H.-1 and Mattu Gulla, no germination was seen at -0.4MPa Cultivar Arka Neelkanth failed to germinate under any of the osmotic concentrations tested. Response in term of root growth was better in Arka Neelkanth, followed by Arka Nidhi and B.P.L.H.-1, upto transfer from different levels of osmotic potential to Control (0MPa). Germination of primed seeds within 24h indicates that many processes leading to normal germination would have been completed during the priming process itself. In contrast to germination, growth extension in radicle was less sensitive to water stress.
Evaluation of Floribunda Rose (Rosa hybrida L.) Cultivars for Landscape Use under Punjab Condition
Authors: Singh Parget , Dubey R K , Singh Ranjit , Kumar Ramesh
Published: August 2023

The present study was carried out to evaluate floribunda rose cultivars for landscape use under sub-tropical climate of the Punjab. Thirty cultivars were planted in Randomized Block Design, with three replications. Maximum plant height (53.67cm) was recorded in 'Banjaran', while plant-spread, leaf length and leaf breadth were maximum (90.83cm, 12.73cm and 9.10cm, respectively) in 'Brown Velvet'. The cv. Iceberg produced comparatively longer (2.77cm) buds. Flower size was maximum in 'Charleston' (8.37cm). Number of petals per flower was higher in 'Arunima'. Thorn density was found to be higher (42.67 per ten cm i.e., decimeter) in cv. 'St. Boniface' whereas, 'Summer Snow' and 'Ahalya' were thornless. Thorn shape was that of a hook in all the cultivars. Maximum number of flowers per plant, per unit area were recorded in 'Summer Snow' (367.85/m2), which was on par with 'Arunima' (340.32/m2), 'First Edition' (320.75/m2) and 'Thornless Beauty' (328.24/m2). Flower stalk length (82.33cm) and flower duration (141.33 days) were higher in cv. Brown Velvet. The cultivars were also evaluated for their fragrance.
Influence of Potting Media on Growth of Asparagus densiflorus 'Meyersii'
Authors: Kayalvizhi K , Arulmozhiyan R , Sankari A , Anand M
Published: August 2023

A study was conducted on the influence of growth media on development of Asparagus densiflorus 'Meyersii' at Horticultural Research Station, Yercaud during the years 2011-12. The pot experiment was laid out under open condition, with nine set of treatments comprising various combinations of soil, sand, FYM, vermicompost and microbial consortia (Azospirillum, phosphobacteria and Pseudomonas fluorescens). From among the media combinations used, the treatment involving Soil + Sand + FYM + Vermicompost (T3) @ 2:1:1:0.5 (670g+375g+375g+165g) was found to be the best substrate for vegetative and root characters like plant height, shoot number, leaflet number, leaflet length, leaflet width, root number, root length, bulb number, bulb length, bulb width and vase-life in Asparagus densiflorus 'Meyersii'.
Standardization of Recipes for Tamarind Paste and Squash
Authors: Pattar Archana
Published: August 2023

An attempt was made to use tamarind pulp for preparation of paste and squash. Changes in the chemical constituents during storage at ambient temperature were studied. Results showed that in the stored products, TSS, titratable acidity and sugar content increased, whereas, the amount of ascorbic acid decreased. Better quality of paste was prepared from 100g paste + 20g salt with 10ml oil + 20mg BHA, followed by 100g paste + 15g salt with 10ml oil + 20mg BHA. Squash with 30% juice, 50% TSS, 1% acidity and 0.5% salt was superior to the other recipes. Both tamarind paste and squash retained their characteristic colour, aroma, taste and were microbiologically safe up to 3 months of storage at room temperature.
Genetic Diversity Analysis and Barcoding in Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) Cultivars Using RAPD and ISSR Markers
Authors: Khandagale K , Padmakar B , Reddy D C Lakshmana , Sane Anuradha , Aswath C
Published: August 2023

Tuberose is one of the most important bulbous ornamentals grown commercially for loose as well as cut flowers. RAPD and ISSR markers used in the study revealed 53% and 73% polymorphism, respectively, among ten tuberose varieties. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and Resolving Power (RP) for RAPD varied from 0.35 - 0.46 and 0.8 - 3.6, respectively, and that for ISSR was 0.36 - 0.49 and 0.91 - 4.55, respectively. The dendrogram (UPGMA), based on Jaccards co-efficient as similarity index for RAPD and ISSR, grouped ten varieties into two major clusters, and, combined RAPD-ISSR cluster analysis formed three major clusters based on their genetic relatedness/variation. PCA revealed that the spatial arrangement of these 10 cultivars was congruent with dendrogram analysis. Mantel's test indicated very good correlation, with r = 0.86 for combination of ISSR and RAPD-ISSR. To facilitate identification of tuberose cultivars, a cultivar identification diagram (CID) was developed in which seven ISSR loci could differentiate all the ten cultivars used in the study. Barcodes were developed for five cultivars released by IIHR using 57 polymorphic loci generated by 11 ISSR primers. The size of these loci ranged from 252bp to 2.2kb. These barcodes can be used as a standard reference source for quick identification of cultivars.
Effect of Canopy Management Practices during forward Pruning on Berry Development and Photosynthesis in Tas-A-Ganesh Grapes
Authors: Somkuwar R G , Ramteke S D , Satisha J , Bhange Mahadev , Itroutwar Prerna
Published: August 2023

Effect of canopy manipulation during forward pruning on berry development and photosynthetic parameters was studied in Tas-A-Ganesh grape grafted onto Dogridge rootstock. Canopy manipulation including shoot thinning, leaf removal, shoot thinning with leaf removal, and shoot pinching, was done after forward pruning. Significant differences were observed in yield and quality. Shoot thinning to about 40 shoots per vine, with removal of three basal leaves, resulted in significantly higher yield, followed by that in shoot thinning alone. Lowest yield was recorded in the Control. Leaf removal drastically reduced bunch development affecting berry weight, diameter and length compared to other treatments. Among different canopy manipulation treatments, higher average bunch weight was recorded in shoot thinning plus leaf removal, whereas, lowest bunch weight was recorded with leaf removal alone. At harvest, the amount of total soluble solids in berries was low in leaf removal at pre-bloom stage, but increased in the treatment of shoot thinning with leaf removal, at the same stage. Different canopy manipulation treatments had significant impact on photosynthesis and transpiration rates. Overall results indicated that canopy manipulation practices such as shoot thinning, to retain 40 shoots per vine with or without leaf removal, followed by pinching, can be recommended to grape growers.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Leaf Biochemical Characters and Fruit Yield Components of Bittergourd (Momordica charantia L.) Cvs. MHBI-15 and Chaman Plus
Authors: Geeta Biradar , Chetti M B , Navalgatti C M
Published: August 2023

Effect of plant growth regulators on leaf biochemical parameters (chlorophyll pigments, sugars, nitrate reductase activity, total phenols) and fruit yield bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) was studied. The experiment consisted of foliar treatment with three plant growth regulators, GA3 (20, 40 and 60ppm), NAA (50ppm) and CCC (100 and 200ppm) in two bittergourd varieties, MHBI-15 and Chaman Plus at 45 days after sowing (DAS). Results revealed significant difference between treatments on chlorophyll, sugar, total phenol content as also on nitrate reductase activity. Foliar application of CCC (200ppm) recorded maximum amount of total sugars (18.03% over Control), total phenol content (10.93%) as also nitrate reductase activity (16.12%). Among the treatments, application of GA3 (20ppm) recorded maximum chlorophyll content (18.03% over Control). Highest increase in mean fruit yield over Control was recorded with application of GA3 (20ppm) (39.88%), followed by CCC (200ppm) (34.15%) in both the cultivars.
Evaluation of New Grape Hybrids and French Cultivars for Wine Production
Authors: Ranjitha K , Murthy B N S , Suresh E R
Published: August 2023

This study aimed at evaluating newly developed hybrids and recently introduced cultivars of French grapes grown in mild tropics of South India for quality wine production. Wines produced from French grapes, viz., Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc, Chenin Blanc and Ugni Blanc scored 15.0 -16.8 in the Davis Score Card for organoleptic analysis. Wines from red Hybrid 18/10 possessed phenolic content of 2097mg/l, had a brilliant colour and sensory score of 13.1. Hybrid 23/2 gave good quality white, dry table wines with a sensory score of 13.4.
Evaluation of Onion Varieties under Low Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Deepa , Shukla Y R , Jarial Kumud
Published: August 2023

An experiment was conducted to identify promising varieties of onion suited for cultivation under low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Ten varieties were evaluated at Research Farm of the Institute of Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, for two consecutive seasons (2010- 2011 and 2011-2012). The farm is located at an altitude of 620m above mean sea level, with average mean maximum and minimum temperatures of 31.3°C and 12.4°C, respectively, and is a representative site of the low hill region of Himachal Pradesh. Standard package of practices was followed for raising the crop as recommended by the University. Observations were recorded on various horticultural traits, viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, days to harvest, neck thickness, bulb diameter, bulb weight, TSS, and total yield. In addition, all the varieties were screened for resistance against purple blotch disease. Maximum days to harvest (129.33 days) were seen in the variety Holland Louis, while, variety Agrifound Rose showed minimum number of days (109). Varieties Palam Lohit, Nasik Red, N-53 and Agrifound Dark Red recorded significantly higher bulb yield (275.00, 240.67, 239.25 and 232.37 q/ha, respectively) than the other varieties evaluated. None of the varieties was able to resist the disease totally; however, 'Agrifound Dark Red' was moderately resistant, exhibiting just 13.78% disease incidence. Varieties Palam Lohit, Nasik Red and Agrifound Dark Red had medium bulb size and higher yield. These can be advocated for commercial cultivation under low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.
Evaluation of Different Organic Manure Mixtures in Vegetable Amaranth Cultivation
Authors: Vipitha V P , Geethakumari V L
Published: August 2023

An investigation was conducted during 2009-2011 at College of Agriculture, Vellayani, to develop bio-organic composite manures containing at least 3%N, with N:K ratio of 1:0.5, and to evaluate the effect of these manures on growth and productivity of vegetables. The investigation comprised three separate experiments, namely, formulation and quality evaluation of bio-organic composite manures, mineralization of bio-organic composite manures, and, crop response study. Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) was raised as a test crop for the study. Organic sources used in the preparation of bio-organic composite manures were:coir pith compost, poultry manure, neem cake, ground nut cake, ash, rock dust and microbial consortium. Five composite organic manures, satisfying the selection criteria (3%N, N:K ratio of 1:0.5), were identified for further investigation. Results of the crop response study revealed that among the bio-organic composite manures used, maximum yield was obtained under poultry manure (50g)+ground nut cake(30g)+rock dust(19g)+microbial consortium (1g), and this was on par with (i) coir pith compost(50g)+ground nut cake(35g)+ash(15g), and, (ii) poultry manure (50g)+ground nut cake(30g)+rock dust(20g).
Genotypic Variability in Tomato for Total Carotenoids and Lycopene Content during Summer and Response to Post Harvest Temperature
Authors: Shivashankara K S , Pavithra K C , Laxman R H , Sadashiva A T , Christopher M George
Published: August 2023

Lycopene is the major carotenoid responsible for fruit colour in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). However, colour of the fruit is greatly affected by high temperature prevailing during fruit growth in the summer crop. To select a genotype suitable for summer conditions that can maintain colour better, a set of 52 tomato genotypes were evaluated for lycopene, total carotenoids and for TSS during summer in Bengaluru. Among the genotypes screened, IIHR 2892 recorded very high lycopene content (328.4mg/100g dry weight) and IIHR 2866 recorded very low lycopene content (25.2mg/100g dry weight). TSS values ranged from 2.6° Brix in cv. Vybhav to 7.0° Brix in IIHR 2866. In addition, study was carried out to determine the effect of postharvest temperature on biosynthesis of lycopene in five selected tomato cultivars (Arka Rakshak, Arka Samrat, Arka Ananya, Lakshmi and Abhinava). Tomatoes harvested at breaker stage were stored at 27° C, 35° C and 40° C for ripening. High temperature reduced lycopene content in tomato fruits. Lycopene synthesis in fruits was completely inhibited above 35°C. In this study, mean lycopene content in tomatoes stored at 27° C was 3-4 times higher than that in tomatoes stored at 40° C. This indicates that in tomatoes, temperature at which the fruits are stored after harvest, is a more important factor for colour development.
Occurrence of Parasitoid, Leiophron Sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on Adults of Helopeltis antonii Signoret in Cashew
Authors: Bhat P S , Srikumar K K
Published: August 2023

Helopeltis antonii is a major pest of cashew, cocoa, neem, guava and pepper in the old world tropics. Survey for parasites identified a parasitoid, Leiophron sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on adults of H. antonii. The parasitism was low (1.3%), of which 59.4% was observed during the month of June. Size of the parasitoid larvae was 3.66 ± 0.11mm in length, and 1.31±0.03mm in breadth. Pre-pupation period was 1.75±0.22 days. Copulation was observed between parasitized H. antonii males and females indicating, that, mating was not affected by parasitism. Parasitoid activity showed significant positive correlation (r = 0.62; P = 0.05) with rainfall. Parasitism provided by this parasitoid certainly warrants further investigation on biological control of this economically important pest.
Production of Doubled Haploids in Onion: A Review
Authors: Dhatt A S , Thakur Prerna
Published: August 2023

Onion suffers from high inbreeding depression and, as a result, inbreds that are developed lack genotypic and phenotypic uniformity. Gynogenesis has emerged as a potential strategy to address this drawback. Efforts have been made since the 1980s for identifying highly-responsive genotypes and for overall improvement of the protocol for bettering gynogenic frequency in onion. Besides improving media composition, identification of responsive explants and increasing the chromosome efficiency has remained a major area of focus over the years. This article purports to review progress made thus far in the induction of gynogenic haploids in onion, and challenges/opportunities associated with it.
Genetic Variability in some Indian Mango Cultivars and Hybrids
Authors: Dinesh M R , Vasugi C , Venugopalan R
Published: August 2023

Mango is a perennial and highly heterozygous plant. Therefore, it takes a long time to breed a variety in this crop. Information on genetic variability among cultivars and hybrids helps plan meaningful crop improvement programmes. Due to the high heterozygosity, complexity of its flowers and poor fruit-set, the progeny population that can be raised from a cross is very meagre. Hence, there is a need to choose parents that have good fruit-set and show genetic divergence. It would also be interesting to establish if the hybrids generated are truly open-pollinated progenies, or arise from controlled crossing. Basic information thus obtained would help chalk out a potentially successful breeding programme. A study in this direction was carried out by using morphological characters of twelve hybrids and their respective parents. Cluster analysis indicated a relationship between the parents and hybrids. Two major clusters were observed from the clustering pattern. In the first cluster, varieties Dashehari, Banganapalli, Manjeera, Sindhu, Janardhan Pasand, Ratna, Rumani, Amrapali, Neelgoa and Alphonso grouped together. The second cluster consisted of vars. Arka Aruna, Neelum, Arka Puneet, Neeleshan, Mulgoa, Mallika, Arka Anmol and Arka Neelkiran. The hybrid, Sindhu was observed to be genetically closer to Ratna than to Alphonso. The sub-clustering pattern also showed a close relationship between parents and their hybrids. The hybrid, Arka Anmol, was found to distantly placed from the centre (8.54), as also the hybrid, Arka Neelkiran (7.05). 'Sindhu' was also found to be closer to the centre (1.55).
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Guava (Psidium guajava) Germplasm Using Microsatellites
Authors: Chaithanya M V Naga , Dinesh M R , Vasugi C , Reddy D C Lakshmana , Sailaja D , Aswath C
Published: August 2023

Although the varietal diversity is fairly rich in guava, most varieties lack one or more desirable characters. Hence, attempts were made for improving specific traits, viz., attractive pink pulp colour, soft seeds, medium fruit size, high TSS and high ascorbic acid. Genetic diversity analysis is a prerequisite for identifying potential parents in breeding programs and germplasm conservation. Molecular characterization helps discriminate closely-related genotypes, as, this technique is unaffected by environment, rendering it more reliable. In this study, 48 polymorphic SSRs screened from a total of 115 SSR markers were used for analyzing marker segregation in 72 guava accessions. Statistical analysis was done using IDENTITY1.0 and CERVUS 3.0 software. Cluster analysis was done with DARwin 5.0 software, using Wards Minimum Variance method, and weighted group neighbour joining method, to check reliability of grouping among clusters. The trend in grouping was found to be similar in both methods. Dendrograms generated showed that the hybrids clustered with their parents; exotic collections fell into two different sub-groups based on productivity; the wild species formed one group; and Navalar cultivars from Dharwad clustered together, reflecting similar origin.
Effective Decontamination and Regeneration Protocol for in vitro Culture of Strawberry Cv. Chandler
Authors: Diengngan S , Murthy B N S , Mahadevamma M
Published: August 2023

Nodal segments of strawberry cv. Chandler were collected from the field and surface sterilization of the explants was carried out using various levels of decontaminants as different treatments viz. sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) 0.5% for 7, 5 and 3 min and mercuric chloride (Hg Cl2) 0.1% for 5 min, 3 min and 3 min 10 sec. The explants were excised and cultured for 3 weeks on the initiation medium supplemented with various levels of BAP (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2mg/l) and its combination with GA (0.5 and 1mg/l). Sub culturing was done and finally rooting was initiated on the medium supplemented with various levels of IBA (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2mg/l) for 4 weeks. The results obtained indicated that, among the decontaminants, treatment of explants with Hg Cl2 0.1% for 3 min 10 sec resulted in the minimum contamination and browning of explants. Further, maximum shoot proliferation percentage, shoots per explant and minimum number of days to shoot initiation was observed when explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP over other concentrations of either BAP or in combination with GA. However, the maximum length of shoots was obtained in medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l GA. While, medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA supported highest percentage of rooting, the highest number of roots, maximum root length of microcuttings and minimum number of days to root initiation were observed in medium supplemented with 1mg/l of IBA.
Genetic Variability for Quantitative Traits in China Aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees]
Authors: Khangjarakpam Gayatri , Kumar Rajiv , Seetharamu G K , Rao T Manjunatha , Dhananjaya M V , Venugopalan R , Padmini K
Published: August 2023

A field study was conducted to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in 20 genotypes of China aster for 15 traits during the year 2012-13 in Randomized Complete Block Design, with three replications. Results revealed that the magnitude of phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits studied. Narrow differences between GCV and PCV were recorded in all the characters except flowering duration, vase-life and shelf-life, indicating little environmental influence on expression of these characters. High (>20%) GCV and PCV were recorded for plant height, number of branches and leaves per plant, flower diameter, number of ray and disc florets/flower head, stalk length, and, number and weight of flowers/plant. Heritability estimates ranged from 28.30% (flowering duration) to 99.54% (flower diameter). High heritability (<60%) was observed for all the traits except flowering duration. High heritability, coupled with high genetic advance as per cent mean, was recorded for flower diameter, stalk-length, number of branches/plant, weight of flowers/plant, days to first flower opening, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of leaves/plant, number of ray and disc florets/flower head, number of flowers/plant, indicating a possible role of additive gene action. Thus, these traits can be improved through selection and breeding.
Effect of Foliar Sprays of NAA, Triacontanol and Boron on Growth and Seed Quality in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Cv. Pusa Visesh
Authors: Arvindkumar P R , Vasudevan S N , Patil M G
Published: August 2023

An investigation was undertaken to study the effect of foliar sprays of NAA, triacontanol and boron on vine growth, seed quality and storability in bitter gourd cv. Pusa Visesh. Results revealed that NAA at 50mg/l produced the longest vines (192.33 and 260.67cm), maximum leaf area (1.890 and 2.965cm2/vine), leaf area index (1.969 and 2.760) and leaf chlorophyll content (39.23 and 38.90 SPAD value) at 85 and 100 days after sowing (DAS), respectively. As for seed quality attributes, treatment with boron at 4mg/l recorded lowest seed moisture content and highest seed germination percentage (9.16% and 85.5%, respectively), followed by NAA at 50mg/l (9.21% and 85.25%, respectively) whereas, Control recorded highest seed moisture and lowest seed germination percentage (9.84% and 74.5%, respectively) recorded at the end of storage.
Influence of Auxins on Rooting Efficacy in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Cuttings
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , Ahmed Nazeer , Sharma O Chand , Lal Shiv
Published: August 2023

Effect of various auxins (IBA, IAA and NAA) on different types of cuttings was investigated to determine efficacy of auxins in promoting rooting in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Auxin and type of cutting significantly affected rooting traits. NAA was found to be more effective in promoting early rooting and inducing profuse rooting, root number, fresh and dry weight of roots and longer roots. Among the auxins used, earliest rooting (18.69 days), highest rooting percentage (58.70 %), number of roots (13.18), root length (12.26 cm), and, highest fresh and dry weight of roots (4.93g and 45.08 mg), respectively, were obtained with NAA @ 500 ppm. Tip cuttings responded better in rooting-characteristic of carnation - than basal cuttings, and recorded highest rooting percentage (73.02 %) and number of roots (12.25), longest roots (10.04cm) and maximum fresh and dry weight of roots (4.27 g and 43.19 mg), respectively. Interaction effect of auxin and cutting type was found to the significant, and highest rooting percentage, (85.26%), number of roots (18.36), longest roots (14.81cm), and highest fresh and dry weight of roots (6.85g and 68.02mg), respectively, observed with NAA @ 500 ppm in tip cuttings.
Determining Composition of Volatiles in Couroupita guianensis Aubl. Through Headspace-Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (HS-SPME)
Authors: Khan Arpita Mandal , Shivashankara K S , Roy T K
Published: August 2023

Composition of volatile components in Couroupita guianensis Aubl. flowers was analyzed using headspace-solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME), followed by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) separation and identification. In all, 75 compounds were identified accounting for 96.32% of the total volatiles present. The major groups of compounds present were oxygenated terpenoids (35.66%), alcohols (26.92%), esters (17.36%), mono-and sesqui-terpenoids (8.64%), aldehydes and ketones (4.71%), hydrocarbons (1.68%), phenols (0.18%), acids (0.754%) and heterocyclic compounds (0.42%) constituted a small proportion of the volatile profile. The most abundant individual constituent was eugenol (18.95%) followed by nerol (13.49%), (E,E) farnesol (12.88%), (E,E)-farnesyl acetate (6.68%), trans ocimene (6.02%), nootkatone (4.64%), geraniol (2.94%), 2-isopropenyl-5- methyl-4-hexenyl acetate (2.69%), cedr-8-en-13-ol (2.58%), (E,Z)-farnesyl acetate (2.40%) and methyl (11E)-11- hexadecenoate (2.041%). Analytical comparison of composition of volatiles in the flowers, obtained by different methods of extraction, viz., solvent extraction, micro-simultaneous extraction and headspace-solid phase microextraction, revealed specific variations in relative concentrations of the constituent chemicals. Linalool was the major chemical (21.5% and 14.9%) in solvent extract and micro-simultaneous extract, respectively, but appeared in negligible quantity (0.16%) in head-space analysis.
Integrating Fertilizer N Rates with Organics on Soil-Available Nutrients and Yield of Sapota under Semi-Arid Conditions of Karnataka
Authors: Satisha G C , Patil Prakash , Shirol A M , Ganeshamurthy A N
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive years to study the effect of various combinations of nitrogenous fertilizer (in the form of urea), vermicompost and FYM on yield and soil-available nutrients in sapota. Largest number of fruits (4820 tree-1) and maximum fruit yield (31 tons ha-1) were recorded with 10kg vermicompost + 350:50:450g NPK tree-1, and was on par with application of 40kg FYM + 350:50:450g NPK tree-1. The net profit and yield trend over the years showed that application of 10kg vermicompost + 350:50:450g NPK tree-1 was more suitable for meeting nutrient requirement for enhanced yield in sapota. Application of organics (irrespective of source) showed positive, significant effect on organic matter content of the soil after three years. Highest build-up of organic matter in the soil was recorded with 10kg vermicompost alone (T10), which was at par with 40kg FYM alone (T5). Moreover, there was a clear trend of increasing total soil nitrogen content in plots supplied with increased levels of inorganic nitrogen with organic manures, and, this was subsequently reflected in potentially mineralized nitrogen, suggesting an improved labile pool of plant-available nitrogen. Therefore, there is an obvious need to include organic manures along with the inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer for optimizing the use-efficiency of soil and applied N to achieve sustainable yields in sapota for profit.
Interaction Effect of Applied Calcium and Magnesium on Alfisols of Karnataka and its Influence on Uptake and Yield Levels of Tomato (Solanum lycopersium L.)
Authors: Kasinath B L , Ganeshmurthy A N , Sadashiva A T
Published: August 2023

In a field experiment, interaction effects of applied Ca, Mg and K on yield and quality of tomato and soil nutrient levels was studied in Alfisols of Karnataka. The results showed application of Mg enhanced fruit yield up to 100 kg Mg ha-1 and decreased at higher levels of Mg. The application of Ca also enhanced the yield of tomato but their combined application at different levels had negative effect of one on the other. The results indicated that optimum combination of Mg and Ca was 100 and 250 kg ha-1 respectively for obtaining higher yield in tomato. Soil P content enhanced with application of both Ca and Mg. However, applied Ca and Mg showed significant negative effect on both soil and K content. Interaction effect was however, non-significant on soil pH, EC, OC and Soil N content.
Effect of Pruning on Productivity in Sweet Orange
Authors: Ghosh S N , Bera B
Published: August 2023

To sustainable production of quality fruits in eight year old sweet orange plants of cv. Mosambi budded onto Citrus jambheri rootstock, and grown in laterite soil at Jhargram, Paschim Medinipur, a canopy management trial was conducted for two consecutive years. The treatments included T1: No pruning; T2: Removal of dead and dry shoots and branches; T3: T2 + Removal of thin shoots and water-sprouts arising from the leaders at 90° angle; T4: T3 + Removal of selected laterals; T5: T4 + Removal of selected leaders for formation of open-centre-canopy. Randomized Block Design with five replications was set up. Results indicated that fruit production improved with regular pruning. Significantly high fruit retention (68%) with maximum number of fruits (250) was recorded in plants where open-canopy was maintained by judicious removal of the leaders, laterals, thin shoots and dead wood. Trees with open-canopy not only resulted in 71.4% increase in fruit number, but also enhanced fruit weight by 17.9% over Control. Significantly good fruit quality in terms of TSS, total sugars and Vitamin C content was recorded in fruits from the open canopy treatment. Dry weight of shoots / branch was lowest (1.50kg) in open-canopy treatment and highest in the unpruned Control (3.0kg). Foliar N, P and K status did not vary significantly with different pruning practices.
Kombinasi Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation pada Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex kiri dengan Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation Menurunkan Skala Nyeri pada Pasien Nyeri Punggung Bawah Kronik
Authors: Rahmadhani Rauly , Andi Kurnia Bintang  , Andi Weri Sompa  , Rina Masadah
Published: August 2023

Prevalensi nyeri punggung bawah kronik (NPBK) masih tinggi, saat ini belum ada pengobatan farmakologis yang efektif dengan efek samping yang minimal apabila dikonsumsi dalam jangka panjang sedangkan pengobatan NPBK pada umumnya membutuhkan pengobatan nyeri jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan  menilai pengaruh intervensi kombinasi repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ( rTMS) dan repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimualtion (rPMS)  terhadap perubahan skala nyeri pada pasien nyeri punggung bawah kronik. Jenis penelitian adalah studi eksperimental menggunakan consecutive sampling yang dibagi secara acak menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan mendapat pengobatan farmakologis dan terapi intervensi rTMS dan rPMS selama dua minggu, kelompok kontrol hanya diberikan pengobatan farmakologis. Pengukuran skala nyeri dilakukan pada kedua kelompok pada hari pertama, ke-enam, dan hari ke-tiga belas. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat perbedaan penurunan nyeri yang signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Penurunan skala nyeri pada kelompok perlakuan jauh lebih besar dengan nilai mean -6.07 dibanding kelompok kontrol nilai -3.00, signifikan dengan nilai p 0.001. Setelah 10 kali sesi intervensi kombinasi rTMS dan rPMS terdapat pengaruh terhadap penurunan skala nyeri pada pasien nyeri punggung bawah kronik.
Amputasi Ekstremitas Atas Akibat Luka Bakar Listrik : Laporan Kasus
Authors: Hartoko Rahadi Arie , Andi Amirah Shaleha Junaedi
Published: August 2023

Amputasi adalah pembedahan yang melibatkan pemotongan sebagian atau seluruh anggota badan atau beberapa hasil pertumbuhan abnormal dari tubuh. Prevalensi amputasi sekitar 1,6 juta pada tahun 2005 di Amerika Serikat dan akan meningkat dua kali lipat sebesar 3,6 juta pada tahun 2050. Penyebab utama amputasi ekstremitas atas adalah trauma yaitu sekitar 80% terutama pada orang dewasa muda dengan insiden amputasi akibat trauma luka bakar listrik sekitar 2% (terutama transradial dan transhumeral). Efek arus listrik bergantung pada jenis arus, voltase, daya tahan jaringan, kekuatan arus, jalur yang dilalui arus melalui tubuh, durasi kontak, dan kerentanan individu. Individu yang menjalani amputasi ekstremitas atas membutuhkan rehabilitasi secara komprehensif oleh dokter, fisioterapis, terapis okupasi, ahli prostesis, dan psikolog. Program rehabilitasi yang tepat dan prostesis yang nyaman (termasuk pemeliharaan panjang ekstremitas) bertujuan pada rekonstruksi prostesis. Selain program rehabilitasi, teknik amputasi yang tepat juga dapat memfasilitasi individu pada proses pemulihan secara fungsional.