bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equation of state in form which relates mol fraction and molarity of two (or more) component thermodynamic system consisted of ideal gases, and it’s applications
Authors: Popovic Marko
Published: July 2010

Most people would face a problem if there is a need to calculate the mole fraction of a substance A in a gaseous solution (a thermodynamic system containing two or more ideal gases) knowing its molarity at a given temperature and pressure. For most it would take a lot of time and calculations to find the answer, especially because the quantities of other substances in the system aren?t given. An even greater problem arises when we try to understand how special relativity affects gaseous systems, especially solutions and systems in equilibrium. In this paper formulas are suggested that greatly shorten the process of conversion from molarity to mole fraction and give us a better insight into the relativistic effects on a gaseous system.
Energy efficiency and GDP
Authors: Gvozdenac-Urosevic Branka
Published: July 2010

Improving energy efficiency can be powerful tool for achieving sustainable economic development and most important for reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution on national level. Unfortunately, energy efficiency is difficult to conceptualize and there is no single commonly accepted definition. Because of that, measurement of achieved energy efficiency and its impact on national or regional economy is very complicated. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is often used to assess financial effects of applied energy efficiency measures at the national and regional levels. The growth in energy consumption per capita leads to a similar growth in GDP, but it is desirable to provide for the fall of these values. The paper analyzes some standard indicators and the analysis has been applied to a very large sample ensuring reliability for conclusion purposes. National parameters for 128 countries in the world in 2007 were analyzed. In addition to that, parameters were analyzed in the last years for global regions and Serbia.
Industrial gas turbine operation procedure improvement
Authors: Gvozdenac Dusan , Petrovic Jovan , Gvozdenac-Urosevic Branka
Published: July 2010

In technical respect, cogeneration is well studied technology but it is sometimes not used in an optimum way in practice. Factors affecting operating economics of this technology in practice are very similar to other industrial technologies although the degree of their influence may vary. When cogeneration is concerned, the decisive importance lies on the parity between prices of electricity and driving fuel and reliability of concurrent utilization of generated heat and power. In this paper, a realistic case of real industrial cogeneration plant operations is analyzed in details and it is pointed out to the necessity of optimizing operations of the plant as a whole.
Diabetes and the Severity of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Infection
Authors: Allard Robert , Leclerc Pascale , Tremblay Claude , Tannenbaum Terry-Nan
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE

To confirm the existence of an increased risk of complications from influenza A (H1N1)p among patients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using data from an enhanced influenza surveillance project in Montreal, Canada, and age/sex-specific population estimates of diabetes prevalence, we estimated the risk of hospitalization among persons with diabetes. Comparing hospitalized patients admitted or not to an intensive care unit (ICU), we estimated the risk of ICU admission associated with diabetes, controlling for other patient characteristics.

RESULTS

Among 239 hospitalized patients with PCR-confirmed influenza A (H1N1)p, 162 (68%) were interviewed, of whom 22 had diabetes, when 7.1 were expected (prevalence ratio 3.10 [95% CI 2.04–4.71]). The odds ratio for ICU admission was 4.29 (95% CI 1.29–14.3) among hospitalized patients with diabetes compared to those without.

CONCLUSIONS

Diabetes triples the risk of hospitalization after influenza A (H1N1)p and quadruples the risk of ICU admission once hospitalized.
Effects of Acute Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia on Indices of Inflammation
Authors: Wright Rohana J. , Newby David E. , Stirling David , Ludlam Christopher A. , Macdonald Ian A. , Frier Brian M.
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE

To examine the effects of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia on inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet activation in adults with and without type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We studied 16 nondiabetic adults and 16 subjects with type 1 diabetes during euglycemia (blood glucose 4.5 mmol/l) and hypoglycemia (blood glucose 2.5 mmol/l). Markers of inflammation, thrombosis, and endothelial dysfunction (soluble P-selectin, interleukin-6, von Willebrand factor [vWF], tissue plasminogen activator [tPA], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], and soluble CD40 ligand [sCD40L]) were measured; platelet-monocyte aggregation and CD40 expression on monocytes were determined using flow cytometry.

RESULTS

In nondiabetic participants, platelet activation occurred after hypoglycemia, with increments in platelet-monocyte aggregation and P-selectin (P ≤ 0.02). Inflammation was triggered with CD40 expression increasing maximally at 24 h (3.13 ± 2.3% vs. 2.06 ± 1.0%) after hypoglycemia (P = 0.009). Both sCD40L and hsCRP (P = 0.02) increased with a nonsignificant rise in vWF and tPA, indicating a possible endothelial effect. A reduction in sCD40L, tPA, and P-selectin occurred during euglycemia (P = 0.03, P ≤ 0.006, and P = 0.006, respectively). In type 1 diabetes, both CD40 expression (5.54 ± 4.4% vs. 3.65 ± 1.8%; P = 0.006) and plasma sCD40L concentrations increased during hypoglycemia (peak 3.41 ± 3.2 vs. 2.85 ± 2.8 ng/ml; P = 0.03). Platelet-monocyte aggregation also increased significantly at 24 h after hypoglycemia (P = 0.03). A decline in vWF and P-selectin occurred during euglycemia (P ≤ 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

Acute hypoglycemia may provoke upregulation and release of vasoactive substances in adults with and without type 1 diabetes. This may be a putative mechanism for hypoglycemia-induced vascular injury.
Choriocarcinoma cell line Response to Dexamethasone
Authors: Bojić-Trbojević Žanka , Kolundžić Nikola , Petronijević Miloš , Vićovac Ljiljana
Published: June 2010

Choriocarcinoma cell line Response to Dexamethasone

Choriocarcinoma cell lines JAr and JEG-3 are model systems for the study of transformed trophoblast. Both cell lines were shown to produce galectin-1, expression of which was increased in choriocarcinoma when compared to the normal trophoblast of pregnancy. In this study the effects of synthetic glucocorticoid dexametha-sone were investigated in both JAr and JEG-3 cell lines by the MTT test, cell based ELISA, and the cell adhesion and migration tests. Viable cell number/cell proliferation of JAr cells was significantly increased after treatment with 0.1 and 1 nmol/L of dexamethasone, while proliferation of JEG-3 cells was significantly increased after treatment in the whole concentration range of dexamethasone (0.1-100 nmol/L). Galectin-1 in JAr cells was modulated by dexamethasone, which mildly, but significantly decreased production at low concentrations (0.1 and 1 nmol/L). In JEG-3 cells production of galectin-1 was significantly decreased only after treatment with 100 nmol/L of dexamethasone. Cell adhesion of JEG-3 was significantly increased in the presence of lactose, an inhibitory sugar for gal-1, while dexamethasone induced decrease of JEG-3 cell migration. These findings have shown that dexamet-hasone may affect proliferation, gal-1 production and cell migration, in a cell line specific manner. These data suggest that glucocorticoid treatmentin vivomight have the potential to affect cell functions in choriocarcinoma.
Introduction: A Theory of Democracy and Justice
Authors: Hrubec Marek
Published: June 2010

Introduction: A Theory of Democracy and Justice
Ideas, Institutions and Organized Capitalism: The German Model of Political Economy Twenty Years after Unification
Authors: Allen Christopher S.
Published: June 2010

For much of the past two decades since unification, the literature on the German economy has largely focused on the erosion of the German model of organized capitalism and emphasized institutional decline and the corresponding rise of neoliberalism. The first part of the article analyzes the strains unification placed on German economic performance that caused many observers to call for modification of the model in a more neo-liberal direction. The second part takes a different focus and lays out the main rationale of the paper. It inquires why such a coordinated market economy was created in the first place and whether a renewed form of it might still be useful for Germany, the European Union, and other developed democracies in the early twenty-first century. The third section articulates the origins of the institutional and ideational components of these coordinated market economy models, during both the Bismarckian and Social Market Economy periods. The final portion inquires whether the failure of the contemporary liberal market economy approach in the wake of the worldwide financial crisis and severe recession represents a possible opening for the creation of a third coordinated market economy not only for Germany but for a redesigned European Union.
Measurement Back-Action in Quantum Point-Contact Charge Sensing
Authors: Küng Bruno , Gustavsson Simon , Choi Theodore , Shorubalko Ivan , Pfäffli Oliver , Hassler Fabian , Blatter Gianni , Reinwald Matthias , Wegscheider Werner , Schön Silke , Ihn Thomas , Ensslin Klaus
Published: June 2010

Charge sensing with quantum point-contacts (QPCs) is a technique widely used in semiconductor quantum-dot research. Understanding the physics of this measurement process, as well as finding ways of suppressing unwanted measurement back-action, are therefore both desirable. In this article, we present experimental studies targeting these two goals. Firstly, we measure the effect of a QPC on electron tunneling between two InAs quantum dots, and show that a model based on the QPC’s shot-noise can account for it. Secondly, we discuss the possibility of lowering the measurement current (and thus the back-action) used for charge sensing by correlating the signals of two independent measurement channels. The performance of this method is tested in a typical experimental setup.
Review of the Application of Modern Cytogenetic Methods (FISH/GISH) to the Study of Reticulation (Polyploidy/Hybridisation)
Authors: Chester Michael , Leitch Andrew R. , Soltis Pamela S. , Soltis Douglas E.
Published: July 2010

The convergence of distinct lineages upon interspecific hybridisation, including when accompanied by increases in ploidy (allopolyploidy), is a driving force in the origin of many plant species. In plant breeding too, both interspecific hybridisation and allopolyploidy are important because they facilitate introgression of alien DNA into breeding lines enabling the introduction of novel characters. Here we review how fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH) have been applied to: 1) studies of interspecific hybridisation and polyploidy in nature, 2) analyses of phylogenetic relationships between species, 3) genetic mapping and 4) analysis of plant breeding materials. We also review how FISH is poised to take advantage of nextgeneration sequencing (NGS) technologies, helping the rapid characterisation of the repetitive fractions of a genome in natural populations and agricultural plants.
Durer pour agir ou agir pour durer ? Le rapport au temps de deux élus lyonnais investis dans la définition de l'action économique intercommunale
Authors: HEALY Aisling
Published: July 2010

The question of the interaction of time in the political process and time in policy making is approached here through the study of two locally elected representatives and their relationship to time. The comparative study of the lengthy careers ofH. C. andJ.M. allows us to analyze to what extent the uncertainty of electoral results contributes to shaping the representations, strategies and roles as well as the day-to-day practices of these two representatives. In this way we observe the impact of time on the definition of certain central issues of local politics and policy. We study, on the one hand, the manner in which the mobilization of resources for public action is employed to consolidate the legitimacy of the two officials, notably through the mobilization of networks of relationships with administrators. In addition, we study the place and the role of the two representatives in the emergence of economic policy carried out by the Communauté Urbaine, the political unit bringing together Lyons and surrounding suburban towns, at the end of the 1990s.
Left-Right Ideological Identities in New Democracies: Greece, Portugal and Spain in the Western European Context
Authors: FREIRE André
Published: July 2010

Cet article compare l'extension et l'évolution de l'identité gauche-droite des citoyens des nouvelles démocraties de l'Europe du sud avec celle des citoyens de huit autres régimes démocraties européens de 1976 à 2004. Prenant en compte l'héritage autoritaire de l'Europe du sud, les conditions pour l'émergence des identités droite-gauche se trouvent réduites. Notre intention est donc d'évaluer d'abord si l'auto identification gauche-droite est moins répandue dans les populations Grecque, Portugaise, et Espagnoles que dans d'autres pays européens, et en suite de vérifier si ces pays présentent des tendances contraires à celles des démocraties plus anciennes. Les deux dernières sections de cet article examinent l'impact de la socialisation dans un environnement démocratique sur la formation des identités gauche-droite, utilisant successivement une analyse quantitative multi-nivaux et une analyse par génération. Ces tests empiriques mènent à une confirmation systématique du rôle de la socialisation dans un environnement démocratique pour l'émergence d'une identité politique sur l'axe droite-gauche.
Nouvelles trouvailles monétaires à Levroux (Indre) / New monetary discoveries at Levroux (Indre)
Authors: Fischer Brigitte
Published: July 2010

Quinze monnaies antiques, treize pièces gauloises et deux bronzes romains, ont été récemment recueillis aux Arènes à Levroux, sur le terrain Charbonnier. Elles correspondent aux trouvailles précédentes effectuées sur ce site. Une drachme d'argent offre au revers la représentation d'une garde de poignard anthropoïde. Ce décor devrait permettre, dans un avenir proche, de dater cette série monétaire.
Une géode de calcédoine façonnée provenant de la couche solutréenne 9 de l'Abri Fritsch des Roches à Pouligny-Saint-Pierre (Indre) / A worked chalcedonic geode from the solutrean stratum 9 in the Fritsch Rock Shelter (Pouligny-Saint-Pierre, Indre)
Authors: Aubry Thierry
Published: July 2010

Cette note a pour objectif d'attirer l'attention sur une pièce lithique originale découverte dans la couche d'occupation solutréenne 9 de l'Abri Fritsch. L'analyse pétrographique et celle du débitage permet d'argumenter l'aménagement par façonnage d'une géode de calcédoine formée dans une silicification du Turonien supérieur. L'examen de la totalité de l'industrie lithique nous permet de penser que cet objet a été déplacé sur le site, sous sa forme actuelle, sans but utilitaire.
Deux inscriptions inédites du musée d'Argentomagus : religion et culte impérial / Two unpublished inscriptions from Argentomagus museum: religion and the imperial cult
Authors: Dondin-Payre Monique
Published: July 2010

On peut proposer, pour deux inscriptions inédites conservées au musée d'Argentomagus (Indre), une interprétation religieuse. L'une, en réemploi dans la margelle d'un puits à l'intérieur duquel se trouvaient aussi des fragments d'une statue monumentale de Mercure, est une dédicace, sans doute adressée à Mars, alors que la seconde, très fragmentaire, semble être un vestige de dédicace offerte par des affranchis à un héritier de l'empire (L. Aelius ou Antonin le Pieux).
Trois édifices médiévaux au cœur du bourg de Saint-Marcel (Indre) / Three mediaeval buildings in the centre of the bourg of Saint-Marcel (Indre)
Authors: Bryant Simon
Published: July 2010

Detailed recording of three buildings belonging to the priory of Saint-Marcel was carried out in advance of rehabilitation work. The observation of the dispositions of the various phases of interior floor-levels, openings and wall renderings allowed the restitution of the internal organisation of two of the structures. The first of these is a house built around the start of the 13th century, integrated into an early defensive system, probably belonging to the priory. It was divided into three levels : a partially sunken cellar with two arrow slits in the north wall, a raised " ground floor " dominated by a fireplace in the west wall and two windows in the north and south walls and a possible attic under the rafters. This structure conserved the greater part of its interior painted wall renderings, including a human face hidden inside a small alcove. A phase of rebuilding in the 15th century created an individual three storey house which shows a very clear hierarchy between the different levels (cellar, semi-public hall, private quarters and attic). The presence of stone wash-basins and window seats shows a greater preoccupation with comfort. In use until the revolutionary period, the building seems to have been used as a school before serving as a simple barn. The second building represents a 16th century barn which served to house a treadmill operated grape- press in the 19th century. Several graffiti were observed, engraved in the stone door surrounds. One of these seems to represent a "blueprint "for the structure. The southern wall of a third structure situated between these two elements was also observed. Various features of this masonry suggest that the extent and complexity of the mediaeval buildings were greater than those of the existing remains.
La fouille des " abords de la cathédrale " de Tours (Indre-et-Loire) : Antiquité — haut Moyen Âge / The excavation of the "surroundings of Tours cathedral " (Indre-et- Loire) : Antiquity - Early Middle Ages
Authors: Jouquand Anne-Marie , Champagne Frédéric , Rodier Xavier , Husi Philippe , Wittmann Alain
Published: July 2010

La fouille des abords de la cathédrale de Tours a permis d'étudier sur près de 1 000 m2 un secteur mal connu, localisé à moins de 100 m de l'enceinte du Bas-Empire. Les informations collectées lors de cette fouille fournissent des éléments précis sur l'évolution et l'état de conservation du sous-sol de ce secteur. L'étude détaillée d'une rue et d'une portion d'un îlot d'habitat vient sensiblement enrichir les données concernant la période antique. Cette fouille permet également d'aborder la période de transition du Bas-Empire et d'appréhender concrètement le suburbium au haut Moyen Âge.
Nouvelle fouille sur l'aqueduc du Gier à Saint-Joseph (Loire) / A new excavation of the Gier aqueduct at Saint-Joseph (Loire)
Authors: Dumoulin François , Gatier Pierre-Louis , Bérard F.
Published: July 2010

La fouille et le relevé de quelques mètres de l'aqueduc du Gier, alimentant Lyon, ont permis de mettre en évidence l'importance de cet ouvrage. Son exceptionnelle qualité de construction et de conservation sur cette section révèle un entretien soigné durant l'Antiquité et une réutilisation médiévale. On notera aussi la découverte parmi les matériaux de remploi d'une inscription latine, portant mention d'un texte de protection impérial, déjà connu par une pierre similaire découverte dans le voisinage, à Chagnon.
La pars rustica de la villa du " Vieux Domaine " à Vierzon (Cher) : un exemple de logements pour ouvriers agricoles ? / The pars rustica of the villa at the " Vieux Domaine" near to Vierzon (Cher): an exemple of dwellings for farm workers ?
Authors: Salé Philippe
Published: July 2010

La réalisation de sondages à l'emplacement d'une future Z.A.C. au " Vieux Domaine ", à proximité de Vierzon (Cher), a permis la découverte d'une partie de la pars rustica d'une très grande villa datée des Ier et IIe s. ap. J.-C. Celle-ci est caractérisée par une succession de petits bâtiments dont les plans typiques se retrouvent dans de nombreuses autres villae : il pourrait s'agir du logement des ouvriers agricoles.
Les monnaies gauloises de Jouars-Pontchartrain / The gallic coins of Jouars-Pontchartrain
Authors: Fischer Brigitte
Published: July 2010

Emergency excavations conducted in the territory of Diodurum, carnute vicus, led to the discovery

of 1,437 coins, among which there were 112 Gallic coins. They were issued by various tribes: a quarter stater from the south of Belgic Gaul, a coriosolite copper/nickel stater, four silver coins and numerous struck and cast bronzes of which 24 coins cannot be identified. The Senones come first with 52 coins and the Carnutes are second with thirteen coins. The rest was minted by various tribes mostly located in the north of Celtic Gaul. These finds reinforce the hypothesis of a double origin of the cast bronze, type LTXXX, 7417: there were probably made by the Senones as well as by a tribe located in the Basse-Seine area. Two new coins were found on the site: their obverse is copied on coins issued by the Bituriges and their reverse takes after coins minted by the Aulerci Eburovices.
Essai de caractérisation de la période d'activité du centre de production des Queyriaux (Puy-de-Dôme) à partir de la sigillée moulée / The new terra sigillata workshops of "Les Queyriaux" (Puy-de-Dôme) : determination of activity period whith moulded bowls
Authors: Delage Richard
Published: July 2010

Workshops known from pottery as a result of prospecting remain difficult to characterize. Such is

the case, particularly, of terra sigillata workshops. Only the confrontation of study criteria of the terra sigillata collected, in particular decorated bowls, makes it possible to obtain reliable and coherent results. The case of « Les Queyriaux » (workshops of the Central Gaul group) is a good illustration of the problems one meets and the results one can obtain when following a rational approach.
La dynamique des salaires nominaux en France. Etude sectorielle
Authors: Silvestre Jean-Jacques
Published: July 2010

This paper is dealing with the dynamics of nominal wages in the french industry, for the period 1953-1964. A sectorial analysis of the relation between increases in wages and the rate of unemployment is leading to the distinction of two groups of sectors :

― for a first group of industries (high wages — high degree of concentration — powerful labor-unions), the state of the competition on the labor-market does not look as to influence in the short run the dynamics of wages. On the other hand, increases in wages seem to be strongly influenced by the evolution of the situation of the product market (price, production, productivity) ;

― for a second group of industries (low wages — low degree of concentration — weak labor-unions), increases in wages are hightly correlated with the state of the competition on the labor-market.

Such a duality in sectorial behaviors is suggesting more complete analysis of the relations between employment level, increases in average wage and cyclical changes of wage discrepancies.
Commerce Nord-Sud : les effets des particularités chinoises
Authors: Artus Patrick
Published: July 2010

Patrick Artuš Commerce Nord-Sud : les effets des particularités chinoises. L'ouverture des échanges commerciaux entre la Chine et les pays avancés conduit normalement à une augmentation générale du bien être, avec, en raison des dotations en facteurs de production, spécialisation des pays avancés dans la production de biens sophistiqués, spécialisation de la Chine dans la fabrication de biens simples. Cependant, la Chine présente trois caractéristiques particulières : une très forte augmentation de l'offre de travail non qualifié avec les migrations intérieures ; des transferts de technologies liés au commerce et aux investissements directs ; surtout le fait que la convergence des niveaux de prix est très lente, donc que la loi du prix unique n'est pas vérifiée. Nous étudions les effets de ces trois particularités sur les conséquences de l'ouverture du commerce entre les pays avancés et la Chine.
L'histoire appliquée ou les historiens thaumaturges
Authors: Rousso Henry
Published: July 2010

Applied history, or the thaumaturgic historians, Henry Rousso.

In recent years, the social demand for history has been growing. Many historians are doing commissioned work on contract with the government, administrative agencies or private companies. In the USA, Public History is looking for a new definition of the " historian ", in the context of unemployment in the universities. In Europe, and especially in France, where the first transplantations of the American " model " can be seen, the social sciences are attempting to find a new balance between fundamental and applied research. History is thus taking the place of other disciplines, such as economies or sociology. This presents risks for the future of the profession. There is an epistemological debate on the object of historical research.
Les accords Blum-Byrnes. La modernisation de la France et la guerre froide
Authors: Wall Irwin M.
Published: July 2010

The Blum-Byrnes agreements, France's modernization and the Cold War, Irwin M. Wall.

The financial agreements signed on 1946 May 28 between France and the United States are sometimes viewed as a step in the « alienation » of national independence, a premise to the Cold War. American archives allow that interpretation to be changed. Far from being a one-way negotiation, the Blum-Byrnes agreements reflected the context of 1946. On the French side, economic modernization was the main concern, along with strategic considerations. For the Americans, financial aid was part of a policy applied to other countries, including the USSR, previously to the Marshall plan. Disappointing for both sides, the agreements were in no way an episod of American interference in French affairs.
Les années françaises de Deng Xiaoping
Authors: Barman Geneviève , Dulioust Nicole
Published: July 2010

Deng Xiaoping's French years, Geneviève Barman, Nicole Dulioust.

Between 1920 and 1925, Deng Xiaoping lived in France for nearly five years. He had corne to study but had to work in a factory. He discovered the Chinese communist movement and little by little became one of its main leaders in France. These French years, heretofore imperfectly known, were thus decisive in the itinerary of this young bourgeois — barely more than a teenager. Through a careful and detailed study, the authors retrace their hazards and main lines within the framework of a more general study of the Chinese worker-student milieu in France.
La clef générationnelle
Authors: Azéma Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2010

The generational key, Jean-Pierre Azéma.

This introductory article to a special issue argues that the notion of " generation " provides an approach that is almost always fruitful — and a basic explanatory key — to contemporary history. In this new approach, inspired by Max Weber and Marc Bloch, micro-analysis and the impact of an event, the basic element of the generational effect, are favored.
La gauche, la droite et le fait colonial en France. Des années 1880 aux années 1960
Authors: Marseille Jacques
Published: July 2010

The left, the fight and colonial issues in France, from the 1880s to the 1960s, Jacques Marseille.

Left/right : applied to the colonial question, have the divisions of French political remained relevant ? A study of three decisive debates makes it possible to challenge the simplistic cliches : the early century discussion concerning the relations between the colonized and the metropolitan French ; that of the 1930s on the need to industrialize the colonies, and finally the debate of the 1950s on the economic cost of colonial domination for the « mother-country ». The analysis reveals the paradoxes of conflicts more complex than they appear. Part of the left, conscious of its civilizing and emancipating mission, opposed part of the right which, in the name of economic pragmatism, defended theses likely, in retrospect, to seem perhaps more in conformity with the interests of the colonized peoples.
Supporters et hooligans en Grande-Bretagne depuis 1871
Authors: Mignon Patrick
Published: July 2010

Fans and hooligans in Great Britain since 1871, Patrick Mignon.

English soccer fans come mainly from the working class, which explains their sociological specificities. The hooligans, in particular, demonstrate the survival of the early urban worker violence faced with the upward mobility of the lower classes. The confrontations are not spontaneous. They resuit from a logic of conquest of the other's turf (the " ends ") and unfold like genuine premeditated battles. Regional, ethnie or religious particularities meet in an autonomous struggle parallel to the one taking place on the field.
Révision, minorités, germanisme : Weimar et son lobby
Authors: Korinman Michel
Published: July 2010

Revision, minorities, Germanism : Weimar and its lobby, Michel Korinman.

The article details the power and arguments of the real lobby which, under the Weimar Republic, presented a full historical, geographical and economic argumentation to block the Poles on the eastern marches. Poland did not lack anti-German arguments in the wake of the Versailles treaty.
«Problèmes contemporains» et «hommes d'action» à l'origine des annales. Une correspondance entre Lucien Febvre et Albert Thomas (1928-1930)
Authors: Müller Bertrand
Published: July 2010

" Contemporary problems " and " men of action " in the creation of the Annales. Correspondance between Lucien Febvre and Albert Thomas (1928-1930), Bertrand Müller.

This correspondence between one of the fathers of the Annales and the first director of the International Labor Bureau, former students of the Ecole normale supérieure, shows how careful the young journal was to recruit investigators interested in contemporary history and recalls that it also intended to provide historical argumentation to men of action and decision-makers.
À la poursuite de l'histoire en Roumanie depuis 1989
Authors: Durandin Catherine
Published: July 2010

Searching for history in Romania since 1989, Catherine Durandin.

Wast Romanian-style communism a mere glaciation of history ? Does the post-1989 return of the past prepare for pluralist democracy ? There is in Romania a mixture of fever and grief which does not allow simple answers to these questions. National-communist history remains present in that country where " Romanity " was presented as the model of socialism, where collective identity shies away from choosing between yesterday and the day before, where patriotic democrats still oppose national conservatives.
Prélude à un syndicalisme bourgeois. L'association de défense des classes moyennes (1907-1939)
Authors: Le Béguec Gilles
Published: July 2010

A prelude to bourgeois unionism. The Association for the defense of the middle classes (1907-1939), Gilles Le Béguec.

This association, founded in Belgium in 1908 and which spread to France, was both one of the first unions for the social and professional defense of the middle classes and a parallel political group. It was able, at least until the wake of the First World War, not only to convince higher society to pay attention to the problems of the middle classes, but also to help the middle classes to obtain a clearer view of their distinct interests and to question the place which they had in society and that which they should have.
Le syndicalisme des fonctionnaires (1900-1981)
Authors: Siwek-Poudesseau Jeanne
Published: July 2010

Civil servants' unionism (1900-1981), Jeanne Siwek-Pouydesseau.

Sociologically and politically, civil service wage earners are a heterogeneous but nevertheless specifie social category. One could even hypothesize that they constitute the archetype of the wage earner of the future. Feminization and growing numbers, among other changes over a century, have not been accompanied by a radical transformation of the types of association and claims of the civil servants.
L'échec du cours antisémite d'Henri Labroue à la Sorbonne (1942-1944)
Authors: Singer Claude
Published: July 2010

The failure of Henri Labroue's antisemitic course at the Sorbonne (1942-1944), Claude Singer.

After several fruitless attempts, collaborator circles succeeded in December 1942 in obtaining the creation of a Chair of "History of Judaism" at the Sorbonne. Taught by Henri Labroue, an obscure antisemitic professor ; the course met the open hostility of both students and professors. The inaugural lecture was perturbed by a demonstration of resistant students.
La cinéphilie ou l'invention d'une culture
Authors: Baecque Antoine de , Frémaux Thierry
Published: July 2010

Cinephilia or the invention of a culture, Antoine de Baecque, Thierry Frémaux.

Cinephilia is a way of watching films, of commenting them and of circulating the discourse. It is also a way of considering the cinema in its context and as an historical topic. The history of cinephilia is thus part of the cultural history touching on the relations between mass and elite culture. When studying cinephilia, one analyzes both a practice as much as social representation. Writing a history of cinephilia means holding together, in one understanding, the film and the life organized around it. It implies anchoring the vision of the film in the diversity of its sources and its context. One lises from the field of the relations between history and the cinema to a genuine history of cinema.
À la recherche dune identité nationale en Alsace (1870-1918)
Authors: Smith Paul
Published: July 2010

In search of a national identity in Alsace (1870-1918).

If one studies the question of Alsatian national identity between 1870 and 1918, one goes beyond the simple opposition between the French idea of nation and the German conception of Volk. Alsatian identity is the resuit of an on-going social, political and cultural process and not of a spontaneous feeling.
L'expression « camp de concentration » au 20e siècle
Authors: Wieviorka Annette
Published: July 2010

The expression "concentration camp" in the 20th century, Annette Wieviorka.

One expression, "concentration camp", runs through the century since 1901 with the Boers war. "But it is too erratic to allow different phenomena to be grasped." Because the meaning of this type of camp can cover a desire to put a population temporarily outside the grasp of the enemy as well as decision of exclusion leading to the establishment of a special world. And there has not been one same concentration "system" or "universe" in this century. The historical and comparative study of the camps, this new area opening up to research, can not risk lexical approximation; its intelligence, lucidity and truth are at stake.
1815 en 1945 : les formes littéraires de la défaite
Authors: Simonin Anne
Published: July 2010

1815-1945: Literary Forms of Defeat, Anne Simonin.

In 1945, the partisans of the Vichy regime and of a collaboration policy with Nazi Germany suffered a radical military and ideological defeat. This situation made writers, compromised in various degrees with the occupier, adopt an original literary strategy. They would mobilize the history of France — in particular the Restoration and 1814 and 1815 - in an attempt to impose a historical interpretation of the present and deny the radical change produced by the events that occurred between 1940 and 1945. If it were possible to compare 1945 and 1815, it would mean that there were no traitors ; that the purge was only a vicissitude of the White Terror ; that today's collaborators are yesterday's outlaws, in other words they are the temporary losers. On the left, Aragon understood, uncovered and fought this historico-literary operation, the base of a culture of bad faith to which some intellectuals on the right chose to attach themselves.
L'ordre des images. Culture visuelle et propagande en Allemagne nazie
Authors: Gunthert André
Published: July 2010

L'ordre des images. Culture visuelle et propagande en Allemagne nazie, André Gunthert.

En repartant d'un des tableaux les plus souvent cités par les ouvrages relatifs à l'art nazi, les Werksoldaten de Ferdinand Staeger, dont la source photographique est ici restituée, l'article décrit la sédimentation politique et culturelle que recèlent ces images. Il souligne par là l'historicité essentielle des figures de la propagande, qui ne se réduisent pas à la simple traduction en images des intentions des dirigeants politiques, mais restent les produits d'une initiative individuelle en même temps que les témoins d'une culture collective.
L'emblème et le symbole. Un siècle d'imageries cinématographiques de la porte de Brandebourg
Authors: Füzesséry Stéphane
Published: July 2010

L'emblème et le symbole. Un siècle d'imageries cinématographiques de la porte de Brandebourg, Stéphane Füzesséry.

Les imageries cinématographiques de la Porte de Brandebourg au 20e siècle, par la réitération constante de certains motifs, s'inscrivent de plain-pied dans l'imaginaire collectif. Elles empruntent essentiellement deux formes : certaines images récurrentes (l'arc de triomphe des pouvoirs d'essence militaire, la ruine - témoin du chaos moral et matériel en 1945 -, le symbole partagé du désir d'unité après 1961) ne sont que de simples retranscriptions cinématogra-
Altered Salivary Redox Homeostasis in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: SU HAIXIANG , BARON MURRAY , BENARROCH MICHAEL , VELLY ANA M. , GRAVEL SABRINA , SCHIPPER HYMAN M. , GORNITSKY MERVYN
Published: July 2010

Objective.

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Our objective was to determine whether SSc is associated with altered redox homeostasis in human saliva.

Methods.

Study participants were 70 women with SSc and 120 female controls. 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-epi-prostaglandin F 2α (8-epi-PGF2α), and total protein carbonyls were assayed by ELISA to quantify oxidative damage to nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, respectively, in whole nonstimulated saliva.

Results.

We observed a significantly positive association between salivary log protein carbonyls and SSc in a crude statistic (OR 9.06, p < 0.0001), and multivariable model adjusted for log 8-OHdG, log 8-epi-PGF2α, and antioxidant exposure (OR 9.26, p < 0.0001). No significant association was noted between SSc and salivary log 8-epi-PGF2α or log 8-OHdG.

Conclusion.

Salivary redox homeostasis is perturbed in patients with SSc and may inform on the pathophysiology and presence of the disease (biomarkers) and efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
Cerebral Blood Flow in Depressed Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: GIOVACCHINI GIAMPIERO , MOSCA MARTA , MANCA GIANPIERO , DELLA PORTA MAURO , NERI CLAUDIA , BOMBARDIERI STEFANO , CIARMIELLO ANDREA , STRAUSS H. WILLIAM , MARIANI GIULIANO , VOLTERRANI DUCCIO
Published: July 2010

Objective.

To characterize the neural circuitry involved in depression associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we used single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to study regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with SLE.

Methods.

SPECT with 99mTc-ethylcysteinate dimer was performed in 30 depressed women patients with SLE, in 14 women patients with SLE and without history of neuropsychiatric disorders, and in 25 healthy women controls. Magnetic resonance imaging was done for all subjects for diagnostic purposes. Analysis of CBF patterns was performed using statistical parametric mapping. Statistical significance was taken at uncorrected p < 0.001 at cluster level.

Results.

There were no significant differences between depressed and nondepressed patients with SLE for any rheumatologic variable. In comparison to healthy controls, depressed patients with SLE had significantly reduced CBF in bilateral frontal and temporal cortex; global maximum was located in the left precentral gyrus. There were no significant CBF differences between nondepressed patients with SLE and controls. Compared to nondepressed patients with SLE, depressed patients with SLE had significantly lower CBF in 2 clusters that had their local maxima in the right precentral gyrus and in the left superior temporal gyrus. The duration of SLE correlated with decreased perfusion in the left middle and superior frontal gyrus.

Conclusion.

Depressed patients with SLE have CBF reductions in discrete temporal and frontal regions that may account for depressive symptoms.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of extra mammary metastatic lesions in the breast: A retrospective study of 36 cases diagnosed during 18 years
Authors: Sauer Torill
Published: July 2010

Background:

Metastatic tumors in the breast require treatment according to origin and type of tumor. It is important to recognize these lesions in fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in order to avoid unnecessary mastectomy or non-relevant chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytological features of metastatic tumors and possible criteria that could alert us as to the possibility of a metastasis from an extra mammary malignancy.

Methods:

The material included 36 confirmed or suspected metastases in the breast registered in the pathology files at Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, during 1990–2007. There were a total of 6,325 cases of malignant breast FNAC, representing 30 men and 6,295 women. Smears were evaluated for the amount of material, presence or absence of myoepithelial cells, microcalcifications, mitoses and necrotic material. All carcinomas were graded.

Results:

There were seven men (7/30 = 23.3%) and 29 women (29/6,295 = 0.46%). The primary tumor was known in 22 cases (22/36 = 61.1%). No other primary tumor was known and metastatic lesion was not initially suspected in 14 cases (14/36 = 38.9%). The most common origin was lung (15/36 = 41.7%). In five cases (5/36 = 13.9%), the origin remained uncertain.

Conclusions:

Metastases from extra mammary sites are (relatively) common in males (23.3%). In women, metastatic lesions are rare (0.46%). A large proportion of them (88%) are high-grade adenocarcinomas and poorly differentiated carcinomas that may resemble grade 3 ductal carcinomas. Unusual clinical and/or radiological presentation in combination with high-grade malignant cells should alert us to consider the possibility of a metastasis.
Atmospheric lifetimes and ozone depletion potentials of trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in a three-dimensional model
Authors: Patten K. O. , Wuebbles D. J.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. The chloroalkenes trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene (tCFP) and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (tDCE) have been proposed as candidate replacements for other compounds in current use that cause concerns regarding potential environmental effects including destruction of stratospheric ozone. Because tCFP and tDCE contain chlorine atoms, the effects of these short-lived compounds on stratospheric ozone must be established. In this study, we derive the atmospheric lifetimes and Ozone Depletion Potentials (ODPs) for tCFP and for tDCE assuming emissions from land surfaces at latitudes 30° N to 60° N using the MOZART 3 three-dimensional model of atmospheric chemistry and physics. Both tCFP and tDCE are shown to primarily affect ozone in the troposphere, rather than in the stratosphere as generally expected from longer-lived chlorocarbons. The atmospheric lifetime of tCFP against chemical reaction is 40.4 days, and its ODP is quite small at 0.00034. The tDCE atmospheric lifetime is 12.7 days, and its ODP is 0.00024, which is the lowest ODP found for any chlorocarbon we have studied. Our study suggests that chlorine from tCFP and tDCE are unlikely to significantly affect ozone at quantities likely to be emitted to the atmosphere.
Precipitation downscaling using random cascades: a case study in Italy
Authors: Groppelli B. , Bocchiola D. , Rosso R.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. We present a Stochastic Space Random Cascade (SSRC) approach to downscale precipitation from a Global Climate Model (hereon, GCMs) for an Italian Alpine watershed, the Oglio river (1440 km2). The SSRC model is locally tuned upon Oglio river for spatial downscaling (approx. 2 km) of daily precipitation from the NCAR Parallel Climate Model. We use a 10 years (1990–1999) series of observed daily precipitation data from 25 rain gages. Scale Recursive Estimation coupled with Expectation Maximization algorithm is used for model estimation. Seasonal parameters of the multiplicative cascade are accommodated by statistical distributions conditioned upon climatic forcing, based on regression analysis. The main advantage of the SSRC is to reproduce spatial clustering, intermittency, self-similarity of precipitation fields and their spatial correlation structure, with low computational burden.
Reconstructing the 1874 Santa Tecla flash flood in the Ondara River (Ebro Basin, NE Spain)
Authors: Balasch J. C. , Tuset J. , Ruiz-Bellet J. L.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. The Santa Tecla flash flood, a very heavy event occurred in Tàrrega (Catalonia, NE Iberian Peninsula) in 1874, was reconstructed with hydraulic and hydrological modelling tools. The hydrograph obtained in a first stage and the basin soil moisture information ultimately allowed the estimation of the range of the rainstorm magnitude which caused the flash flood. The reconstruction of historical floods has proved useful to improve the flood probability analysis, especially in ungauged basins.
Seismic imaging of a thermohaline staircase in the western tropical North Atlantic
Authors: Fer I. , Nandi P. , Holbrook W. S. , Schmitt R. W. , Páramo P.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Multichannel seismic data acquired in the Lesser Antilles in the western tropical North Atlantic indicate that the seismic reflection method has imaged an oceanic thermohaline staircase. Synthetic acoustic modeling using measured density and sound speed profiles corroborates inferences from the seismic data. In a small portion of the seismic image, laterally coherent, uniform layers are present at depths ranging from 550–700 m and have a separation of ~20 m, with thicknesses increasing with depth. The reflection coefficient, a measure of the acoustic impedance contrasts across these reflective interfaces, is one order of magnitude greater than background noise. Hydrography sampled in previous surveys suggests that the layers are a permanent feature of the region. Spectral analysis of layer horizons in the thermohaline staircase indicates that internal wave activity is anomalously low, suggesting weak internal wave-induced turbulence. Results from two independent measurements, the application of a finescale parameterization to observed high-resolution velocity profiles and direct measurements of turbulent dissipation rate, confirm these low levels of turbulence. The lack of internal wave-induced turbulence may allow for the maintenance of the staircase or may be due to suppression by the double-diffusive convection within the staircase. Our observations show the potential for seismic oceanography to contribute to an improved understanding of occurrence rates and the geographical distribution of thermohaline staircases, and should thereby improve estimates of vertical mixing rates ascribable to salt fingering in the global ocean.
Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Fluoromethylated Quinolines via Copper‐Catalyzed Alkynylation and Cyclization of Fluorinated Imidoyl Iodides
Authors: Li Shan , Yuan Yafen , Zhu Jiangtao , Xie Haibo , Chen Zixian , Wu Yongming
Published: July 2010

2‐Fluoromethylated quinolines were synthesized through the reaction of N‐aryl‐fluorinated imidoyl iodides with terminal alkynes in good yields by the catalysis of copper(I) iodide (CuI) alone.