bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two-Bag Versus Three-Bag N-Acetylcysteine Regimens for Pediatric Acetaminophen Toxicity
Authors: Sudanagunta Sindhu , Camarena-Michel Alexa , Pennington Stephanie , Leonard Jan , Hoyte Christopher , Wang George Sam
Published: May 2022

Background:

Acetaminophen overdose is a leading cause of liver failure, and a leading cause of pediatric poisoning requiring hospital admission. The antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), is traditionally administered as a three-bag intravenous infusion. Despite its efficacy, NAC is associated with high incidence of nonallergic anaphylactoid reactions (NAARs). Adult evidence demonstrates that alternative dosing regimens decrease NAARs and medication errors (MEs).

Objectives:

To compare NAARs and MEs associated with two- versus three-bag NAC for acetaminophen overdose in a pediatric population.

Methods:

This is a retrospective observational cohort study comparing pediatric patients who received three- versus two-bag NAC for acetaminophen toxicity. The primary outcome was incidence of NAARs. Secondary outcomes were rates of MEs and relevant hospital outcomes (length of stay [LOS], intensive care unit (ICU) admission, liver transplant, death).

Results:

Two hundred forty-three patients met inclusion criteria (median age of 15 years): 150 (62%) three-bag NAC and 93 (38%) two-bag NAC. There was no difference in overall NAARs ( p = 0.54). Fewer cutaneous NAARs were observed in the two-bag group, three-bag: 15 (10%), two-bag: 2 (2%), p = 0.02. MEs were significantly decreased with the two-bag regimen, three-bag: 59 (39%), two-bag: 21 (23%), p = 0.01. No statistical differences were observed in LOS, ICU admissions, transplant, or death.

Conclusion and relevance:

A significant decrease in cutaneous NAARs and MEs was observed in pediatric patients by combining the first two bags of the traditional three-bag NAC regimen. In pediatric populations, a two-bag NAC regimen for acetaminophen overdose may improve medication tolerance and safety.
Explaining Perceptions of Climate Change in the US
Authors: Binelli Chiara , Loveless Matthew , Schaffner Brian F.
Published: May 2022

A significant proportion of the US population does not believe that climate change is a serious problem and immediate action is necessary. We ask whether individuals’ experiences with long-run changes in their local climate can override the power of partisanship that appears to dominate this opinion process. We merge individual-level data on climate change perceptions and the main determinants previously identified by the literature with county-level data on an exogenous measure of local climate change. While we find that local climate change significantly affects perceptions and in the expected direction, partisanship and political ideology maintain the strongest effect. We then field a randomized online experiment to test whether partisanship also drives support for pro-climate policies and the willingness to make environmentally friendly individual choices.
Youthfulness and Legislation: Rousseau on the Constituent Moment
Authors: Ren Shuhuai
Published: May 2022

In Of the Social Contract, Rousseau argued that, for successful political founding, the social spirit that is the product of the institutions must precede over the institutions. Scholars have interpreted Rousseau’s constituent moment as an unsolvable paradox that haunts modern constitutional theory. This article seeks to challenge this view by taking seriously Rousseau’s claim that only a young nation can receive laws. By reconstructing youthfulness as a necessary pre-institutional condition for legislation, I argue that successful constituent moments can be identified within Rousseau’s works, attention to which shows that his position is not paradoxical. Youthfulness nonetheless hinges on a tension between the innocence of a community that shares a robust social bond, and the maturity evident in its dangerous desire for prosperity. Youthfulness is therefore a moment of crisis and opportunity that calls for legislation to resolve this tension. Rousseau illustrates two youthful moments – natural youth and restored youth – both in the general human history set out in the Discourse on Inequality and in his analysis of the particular cases of Corsica and Poland. By emphasizing youthfulness, this article calls for greater attention to Rousseau’s political sociology, which cannot be separated from his principles of political right.
Managing Foreign Subsidiaries Remotely: The Role of Culture in Techno-Stress Appraisal and Well-Being
Authors: Adeniji James , Igarashi Reika
Published: May 2022

Multinational enterprises’ increased dependence on work-enabling technologies to manage global operations may contribute to foreign subsidiary employees’ techno-stress (i.e., stress from interacting with technology). However, techno-stress may have either a positive or negative effect on employee and customer engagement, depending on the employee's appraisal of the techno-stressors. Drawing on transactional stress theory, the authors provide a conceptual model and research propositions to introduce the concept of techno-stress to international marketing scholars. The authors explore the role of the information systems environment and culture in employees’ appraisal of techno-stressors and their ultimate effects on employees’ well-being and performance. These propositions aim to encourage research that provides a fuller context of the technology-related challenges that multinationals may face in building employee and customer engagement across their subsidiary networks.
Coupled bending torsional vibrations of viscoelastic rotors with fractional damper
Authors: Bayat Zahra , Haddadpour Hassan , Zamani Zahra
Published: May 2022

The behavior of a Jeffcott rotor with lateral-torsional coupling is investigated in the presence of internal and external damping and eccentricity. The governing equations are derived based on the Lagrange method. Also, the Laplace method and linearization is used to solve the governing equations for free vibrations analysis. For a rotor with unbalance, the instability occurs when the real part of eigenvalues has positive values, and at the same time, it is the intersection point between the lines of natural frequencies. The instability speed increases with increasing the external damping, yet dependent on the internal damping and unbalance. Also, it is demonstrated that the rotor critical speed is affected by the order of fractional derivatives.
Vibration reduction of footbridges subjected to walking, running, and jumping pedestrian
Authors: Saber Hamed , Samani Farhad S , Pellicano Francesco
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the performance of vibration absorbers in reducing the vertical deflections of the footbridges subjected to human activities is studied. The vertical component of the pedestrian force during walking, running, and jumping is simulated as a moving time-dependent force model. The optimal parameters for the attached vibration absorbers are defined to minimize the deflection of the footbridge. The effectiveness of each vibration absorber is reviewed for different types of excitations. Results show reductions of 91%, 95%, and 96% in terms of the amplitude of vibration for the footbridge with the optimized tuned mass damper subjected to walking, running, and jumping, respectively, in comparison with a bare footbridge. The performance of the tuned mass dampers optimized numerically in the present study is compared with the tuned mass dampers possessing parameters achieved analytically. The damped footbridge with the numerically optimized tuned mass damper under walking, running, and jumping pedestrian experienced a deflection reduction of 9%, 34%, and 37%, respectively, concerning the tuned mass damperwith analytical parameters.
Vibration analysis of a deep groove ball bearing with localized and distributed faults subject to waviness based on an improved model under time-varying speed condition
Authors: Cheng Xiaohan , Wang Aiming , Yang Hui , Zhang Tao , Cao Congjie , Wu Guangqiang
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) comprehensive dynamic model of bearing-pedestal having waviness on its inner race and different sized surface damages has been presented to investigate the vibration response under time-varying speed conditions. It can provide a good solution to further analyze rotor systems with unfixed or elastic-supported pedestals, where vibrations in both horizontal and vertical directions are crucial. A signal processing method for fault feature extraction and enhancement of rolling element bearing in varying speed conditions is proposed. Vibration patterns with different raceway waviness and different sized surface damages are specifically studied. Characteristic frequencies are observed, which can be used for diagnosis of different sized waviness and faults under time-varying speed process. The present study will provide new insights into dynamic behavior of bearing system,
Calculation of the dynamic responses of a railway track on a non-uniform foundation
Authors: Tran Le-Hung , Hoang Tien , Foret Gilles , Duhamel Denis
Published: May 2022

The dynamic response of a railway track has been investigated by analytical or numerical models. When rail supports (sleepers) or foundation contain defects, the damage reduces stiffness and the track becomes non-uniform. This paper presents a new analytical model to calculate the dynamic responses of a railway track on a non-uniform foundation. In this model, the rail is considered as an infinite beam resting on equidistant supports and subjected to moving forces. The sleepers responses are stable provided that there is a sufficiently large distance between the applied forces and the defective area. By combining this condition and the dynamic equation of the beam, we can deduce a relation between the reaction forces in the supports and the displacement of the beam. This relation does not depend on supports and foundation behaviors. Hence, we can calculate the dynamic response of the track by using the constitutive laws of the supports. The responses can be obtained finally with direct or with iterative techniques. The numerical examples show that a defective zone causes an increase in the rail displacement at the defective zone and overloads the neighbor supports.
Weak fault feature extraction using adaptive chirp mode decomposition with sparsity index regrouping scheme and time-delayed feedback stochastic resonance
Authors: Zhang XiaoDong , Wang HongChao , Du WenLiao
Published: May 2022

The failure features of rolling bearings are often weak due to the influence of strong background noise. In addition, the vibration signals of faulty rolling bearing often show nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics, and the conventional time-frequency method is no longer suitable for extracting effective fault features. In order to extract the early weak fault characteristics of rolling bearing accurately, a weak fault feature extraction method for rolling bearing by combining adaptive chirp mode decomposition (ACMD) based on sparsity index regrouping scheme with time-delayed feedback stochastic resonance (TDSR) is proposed in the paper. The proposed method comprehensively utilizes the adaptive decomposition characteristics of ACMD for multi-component non-stationary signals and the enhancement effect of TDFSR on low-frequency signals in the fast Fourier transform (FFT) result. Firstly, ACMD is used to decompose the early weak fault signal of rolling bearing into a series of mode signals, then the proposed signal regrouping scheme based on sparsity index is utilized to regroup the obtained series of modes. Secondly, the optimal reconstructed component containing the main fault information is input into the calculation model of TDSR. Finally, FFT is performed on the output signal of TDSR to extract the fault characteristics effectively.
Nonlinear forced vibrations of a slightly curved pipe conveying supercritical fluid
Authors: Ye Si-Qin , Ding Hu , Wei Sha , Ji Jin-Chen , Chen Li-Qun
Published: May 2022

Vibrations of pipes caused by axially flowing fluids are very common in engineering applications. Due to material imperfections, guide misalignment, and improper supports, the installed pipes are prone to the initial curvature. Though small, the initial curvature can significantly change the dynamic characteristics of the slightly curved pipe system. This study investigates the non-linear forced vibration of a slightly curved pipe conveying supercritical fluid around the curved equilibrium, with the emphasis on amplitude–frequency responses around two asymmetric non-trivial equilibrium configurations. The governing equations for the forced vibration of a slightly curved pipe conveying supercritical fluids are derived using the generalized Hamilton principle. Then, the equations of motion are discretized into a set of coupled ordinary differential equations via the Galerkin truncation method and solved by the harmonic balance method combined with the pseudo-arc length technique. The approximate analytical results are verified by the numerical integration results. The obtained results demonstrate that the initial curvature has a significant effect on the dynamic characteristics of pipes conveying supercritical fluids, and can lead to significant differences in the dynamic response of the pipe system near different equilibrium configurations.
Annual Credit Checks for Adolescent Youth in Foster Care: Factors Associated with Identity Fraud Victimization
Authors: Gyourko John R. , Greeson Johanna K. P.
Published: May 2022

Child identity fraud, or the criminal exploitation of a child’s personal data, poses serious risks and challenges for youth in foster care. Despite the 10-year history of a federal mandate requiring state child welfare agencies to conduct annual credit checks for adolescent foster youth (42 U.S.C. § 675), identity fraud has received scant attention in child welfare research. Analyzing a state-level administrative dataset with linked child welfare and consumer credit records, we employed hierarchical binary logistic regression modeling to analyze demographic and foster care placement factors associated with identity fraud victimization among a statewide population cohort of 1176 youth (age 14–17) in foster care in a mid-Atlantic state. In the model of best fit, covariates significantly associated with differing odds of identity fraud victimization included African American race ( OR = 2.67, p < .001); two or more races ( OR = 2.95, p = .003); and older age at credit check ( OR = 3.49, p < .001). Youth with history of prior home removals ( OR = 1.59, p = .059) were marginally more likely than youth with no prior home removals to experience identity fraud, controlling for all other variables.
Methods for Researching Automated Futures
Authors: Pink Sarah
Published: May 2022

Emerging digital, automated and connected systems, devices, data, and algorithms are increasingly part of our lives. They participate in the everyday realities of participants in qualitative research and they are embedded in the infrastructures through which we research and share our scholarship, research, and practice. This article introduces this new landscape and its implications for qualitative research. I argue that we need to engage not only with questions of how automated futures are imagined by others, but with how to engage with such futures as qualitative researchers.
Evaluation of Pulmonary Effects of 3-D Printer Emissions From Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Using an Air-Liquid Interface Model of Primary Normal Human-Derived Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Farcas Mariana T. , McKinney Walter , Coyle Jayme , Orandle Marlene , Mandler W. Kyle , Stefaniak Aleksandr B. , Bowers Lauren , Battelli Lori , Richardson Diana , Hammer Mary A. , Friend Sherri A. , Service Samantha , Kashon Michael , Qi Chaolong , Hammond Duane R. , Thomas Treye A. , Matheson Joanna , Qian Yong
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the inhalation toxicity of the emissions from 3-D printing with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament using an air-liquid interface (ALI) in vitro model. Primary normal human-derived bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs) were exposed to ABS filament emissions in an ALI for 4 hours. The mean and mode diameters of ABS emitted particles in the medium were 175 ± 24 and 153 ± 15 nm, respectively. The average particle deposition per surface area of the epithelium was 2.29 × 107 ± 1.47 × 107 particle/cm2, equivalent to an estimated average particle mass of 0.144 ± 0.042 μg/cm2. Results showed exposure of NHBEs to ABS emissions did not significantly affect epithelium integrity, ciliation, mucus production, nor induce cytotoxicity. At 24 hours after the exposure, significant increases in the pro-inflammatory markers IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17A, VEGF, MCP-1, and MIP-1α were noted in the basolateral cell culture medium of ABS-exposed cells compared to non-exposed chamber control cells. Results obtained from this study correspond with those from our previous in vivo studies, indicating that the increase in inflammatory mediators occur without associated membrane damage. The combination of the exposure chamber and the ALI-based model is promising for assessing 3-D printer emission-induced toxicity.
How Online Incivility Affects Consumer Engagement Behavior on Brands’ Social Media
Authors: Wolter Jeremy S. , Bacile Todd J. , Xu Pei
Published: May 2022

Research on consumer engagement in social media is flourishing. However, online incivility is rampant and its effect on consumer engagement is unknown. The current work posits long-term consumer engagement with a brand is decreased when consumer-to-consumer uncivil interactions take place on brands’ social media channels. Using behavioral data from Facebook, the first study documents that a consumer’s incivility to another consumer increases the victim’s engagement in the short term but decreases their engagement over the long term. Further, a brand’s response mitigates these effects. Two follow-up studies using scenario-based experiments provide evidence that consumer injustice perceptions mediate a confrontation coping strategy, while ostracism perceptions mediate an avoidance coping strategy. The experiments also evidence that a brand response mitigates some of the effects of incivility. However, an uncivil interaction from a brand advocate can ostracize a victim despite a brand response. Together, our work furthers consumer engagement and consumer incivility theory while also suggesting that practitioners should manage incivility on brands’ social media pages.
Antecedents and Consequences of Gift-Receiving in Livestreaming: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Ma Xuejing , Liu Hongju , Shen Qiaowei
Published: May 2022

As a novel and booming medium, the livestreaming industry has attracted millions of broadcasters and viewers worldwide. Gifts from viewers have become the main revenue source for most broadcasters and livestreaming platforms. This study employs data from a major showroom livestreaming platform in China to examine this practice of “gifting” during a livestreaming event. The authors first explore the antecedents of gift-receiving, which mainly focus on the effect of social interaction. The results show that the more social interactions in a live session, the more likely the broadcaster receives more gifts, and the effect is enhanced when a more experienced broadcaster is participating. Furthermore, the authors examine the consequences of gift-receiving and social interaction on broadcasters’ short-term activation and long-term retention. They find that both gift-receiving and social interaction can positively affect broadcasters’ live content provision in the short and long run, and the effects change with the increase of broadcasters’ experiences. This study offers insight into gifting in livestreaming, which gives scope for relevant future explorations.
Determination of the Physicochemical Quality of Groundwater and its Potential Health Risk for Drinking in Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Gintamo Binyam , Khan Mohammed Azhar , Gulilat Henok , Shukla Rakesh Kumar , Mekonnen Zeleke
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to determine the physicochemical quality of groundwater and its potential health risk for drinking in Oromia, Ethiopia. The groundwater samples were collected from 17 sampling stations in the dry and wet season in the Sebeta zone, Oromia, from March to August 2020. Metals and physicochemical parameters, and selected heavy metals, such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) were monitored. The data were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods (Pearson’s Correlation and T-test). The means seasonal variations were higher in the dry season than in the wet season except for pH and Turbidity. The variation was significant for most parameters except Pb, Zn, chlorine, Total Alkaline, Magnesium Hardness, Calcium Hardness ), and Turbidity. There was a strong and positive correlation between Total dissolved solids (TDS) and Conductivity), (pH and Cr), (T.H. and Magnesium (Mg)), (bicarbonate and Calcium (Ca), (Zn and Turbidity) in the dry season; and (T.H. with Potassium (K), (Pb and Fe); (bicarbonate and T.H.); (Ca and Mg); (Na and T.A.,) in the wet season. The hazard index (H.I.) values in the dry season (HI = 1.331) were higher than in the wet season (HIadults = 0.075). Likewise, the H.I. (dry season) was higher (HIchildren = 1.861) than in the wet season (HIchildren = 0.105). Chronic groundwater exposure at drinking sources in the dry season is a potential health risk to humans in general and is relatively high for children. Urgent management and close monitoring are required for drinking groundwater sources and other nearby residents’ safety areas.
Tobacco Use Among People Incarcerated in Western Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alokan Damilola Sophia , Kabir Zubair
Published: May 2022

Background

Evidence suggests that the prevalence of tobacco use has declined significantly in the general population but still remains high among people incarcerated in high-income countries. Tobacco use is the second leading risk factor of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The objective of this study is to synthesize evidence on the prevalence of smoking among people incarcerated in Western European countries.

Methods

We searched the PubMed database for articles published between June 2010 and June 2020, website of international organizations and hand-searching references. One author reviewed studies that met pre-defined inclusion criteria, and this was cross-validated by a second reviewer, following the MOOSE guidelines. The Meta prop command of Stata (V16) was used for pooling smoking prevalence estimates. Random effects modelling, heterogeneity with subgroup analysis and publication bias was assessed.

Results

Out the 236 identified articles, 25 with full texts were eligible, and 16 were finally included in this study. The overall pooled estimate of smoking prevalence was 72.3%, 95% CI (54.8–84.7), and high heterogeneity (I2 = 99.73%). Females had a pooled prevalence 44.1% (95% CI 9.4–82.6) while males 83.3% (95% CI 72.0–92.1). The total number of prisoners combined in this study was 16,435 (ranging from 31-21,451) with age ranging from 24-43 years.

Conclusion

A relatively high smoking rate was observed among incarcerated people - higher among the male population. The study findings are useful for informing policy-makers of the existing burden of smoking in special vulnerable populations across Western Europe-and the need for comprehensive tobacco control policies in different population settings.
Brutality of ‘Sword’ Injuries in a Rare Maxillofacial Region: 2 Case Reports
Authors: Sarat Ravi Kiran Ballamudi , Choudhary Ramashankar
Published: May 2022

Oral and maxillofacial trauma consists of various injuries but penetrating injuries are very rare and frequently require a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. The primary survey is always the initial step in trauma management before continuing with further evaluation and treatment. The following case reports discuss the clinical strategy of our rare encounter of penetrating injuries at the same time. These cases demonstrate that complex penetrating injuries of the oral and maxillofacial region require a structured and multidisciplinary approach to prevent further side effects and obtain an ideal clinical outcome.
Cicatricial Conjunctivitis and Concurrent Clinical Features: A Case Study
Authors: Farrag Abdelsattar , Chan Anita , Tong Louis
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

We report a case of cicatricial conjunctivitis to illustrate the clinical approach for management of such a case. This is a 52-year-old Chinese man who presented with bilateral red eyes associated with itching for a year. He had a history of chronic itchy rash in the chest and the arms. Otherwise there was no history of autoimmune disease, asthma, sinusitis, or drug allergy. On examination, he had diffuse hyperemia over both conjunctivae, with symblepharon involving the inferior bulbar and palpebral conjunctivae, associated with cicatrization of the caruncles, and obliteration of inferior lacrimal puncta. There were mild subtarsal papillary reaction with Meibomian gland dysfunction and presence of inferior mis-directed eyelashes. The corneas showed multiple foci of superficial epitheliopathy. A clinical diagnosis of chronic cicatricial conjunctivitis was made, with differential diagnosis of chronic atopic allergic conjunctivitis. Conjunctival biopsy was performed from the inferior conjunctival adhesions and it showed patchy chronic stromal inflammation with focal lymphoplasmacytic sub-epithelial infiltrates and loss of goblet cells. The stroma shows marked fibrosis, with no evidence of mast cells or eosinophils. In particular, there were no deposits of IgA, IgM, C3, and fibrinogen in the basement membrane. The patient was treated with topical loteprednol, glucocorticoids and artificial tears, and his symptoms improved after treatment.

Conclusion:

We present a man with cicatricial conjunctivitis with chronic subconjunctival inflammation and fibrosis but no immune deposits in the conjunctival basement membrane on histology, to illustrate the clinical approach and diagnostic challenges in managing such a case.
Comparison of Gene Expression Profiles of Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma and Poorly Cohesive Carcinoma in Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yeo Min Kyung , Kang Sun Hyung , Jeong Ku Bean , Lee Hyun Seok , Jeon Hong Jae , Eun Hyuk Soo , Lee Eaum Seok , Moon Hee Seok , Kim Seok Hyun , Sung Jae Kyu , Lee Byung Seok , Jeong Hyun Yong
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Although signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) is a subtype of poorly cohesive carcinoma (PC), the differences in the biological behavior between the 2 morphologically similar carcinomas have not been fully studied. Therefore, we performed transcriptome analysis to evaluate the differences of genetic expressions between SRC and PC.

Methods:

The study group consisted of patients with SRC or PC pathology from patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) whose depth of invasion was localized in the mucosal layer. A total of 18 patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on their histologic type and lymph node (LN) status. Group 1 consisted of patients with PC and positive LN metastasis, Group 2 consisted of patients with PC without LN metastasis, and Group 3 consisted of patients with SRC without LN metastasis. Transcriptome analysis was performed using the nCounter PanCancer Progression Panel Kit.

Results:

The expression of 77 genes in Group 1 was altered compared to that in normal tissues. The expression of 49 and 13 genes in Groups 2 and 3, respectively, was altered when compared to that in normal tissues. Groups 1 and 2 showed similar genetic expressions. However, Group 3 showed numerous differences in gene expression including Roundabout4 (Robo4) compared to the other groups, especially Group 1.

Conclusion:

Our data suggest that gene expression patterns were different between SRC and PC and expression of ROBO4 may play an important role in the prognosis of SRC and PC type of EGC.
Edaravone Inhibits the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Phagocytosis- and PKC-Stimulated Granulocytes from Multiple Sclerosis Patients Edaravone Modulate Oxidative Stress in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Villar-Delfino Pedro Henrique , Gomes Nathália Augusta Oliveira , Christo Paulo Pereira , Nogueira-Machado José Augusto , Volpe Caroline Maria Oliveira
Published: May 2022

Background

Oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of MS. Edaravone (EDV) has been proposed as a therapeutic resource for central nervous system diseases, and it was effective in reducing oxidative stress. However, the antioxidant mechanisms of EDV are poorly studied.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of EDV on resting, phagocytosis, and PKC-activated granulocytes derived from MS patients and a healthy control group.

Methods

The effects of EDV on ROS production in phagocytosis (ROS production in the presence of opsonized particles) and PKC-stimulated granulocytes were evaluated in a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method. Calphostin C was used in some experiments to compare with those of EDV.

Results

EDV inhibited ROS production in phagocytosis of opsonized particles and PKC-stimulated granulocytes from MS patients and healthy control group. In the presence of calphostin C, the inhibition of ROS production was similar to that observed with EDV.

Conclusion

These findings suggest the involvement of EDV on the ROS-PKC-NOX signaling pathways modulating oxidative stress in MS. EDV represents a promising treatment option to control oxidative innate immune response for MS.
Emigrants’ visit home and remittance inflows nexus
Authors: Balli Faruk , Nguyen Thi Thu Ha , Ozer Balli Hatice
Published: May 2022

Immigrants have created better living standards by emigrating, and they also contribute to their homeland in one of two ways: by visiting as tourists or by sending remittances back home. In this paper, we examine the nexus between these two crucial channels: remittance inflows and emigrants' visits home. We model the emigrants' visits back home and show that remittances inflows per emigrant have a strong impact on emigrants' visits home. However, the relationship is mixed among different regions. For emigrants from Africa and Latin America and Asia, the remittances have a negative impact on home visits, indicating that emigrants send more money and skip visiting their homes subsequently. For emigrants from MENA, there is a significant positive impact of the remittance inflows on home visits.
Prevalence and risk factors of mood and anxiety disorders in children and young people: Findings from the Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey
Authors: Bunting Lisa , Nolan Emma , McCartan Claire , Davidson Gavin , Grant Anne , Mulholland Ciaran , Schubotz Dirk , McBride Orla , Murphy Jamie , Shevlin Mark
Published: May 2022

Objective:

This paper presents the key findings from the Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Prevalence Survey (NIYWS), specifically the prevalence of common mental health disorders and their association with personal, familial and socio-economic risk factors.

Methods:

The Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey (NIYWS) is a large nationally representative household survey of young people aged 2–19 years (N = 3074) and their parents (N = 2816). Data collection was by means of a stratified random probability household survey. Children and young people were eligible to take part if they were aged 2 to 19 and lived in Northern Ireland. Mood and anxiety disorders were measured using the Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS: Chorpita et al., 2000).

Results:

Based on the cut-off scores for the RCADS 11.5% of the sample met the criteria for any mental health disorder. The most prevalent disorder was panic disorder (6.76%) and the least common was generalised anxiety disorder (2.69%). Poor child health, special educational needs, parental separation, living in a household in receipt of benefits, living in an area of deprivation and living in an urban area were all significant predictors of any mood or anxiety disorder.

Conclusions:

The results indicate somewhat elevated prevalence rates of mood and anxiety disorders in children and young people in Northern Ireland compared to England and other international countries. These findings can be used to help inform mental health policy and practice.
Adding composite truss to improve mechanical properties of reinforced concrete T-girder bridge
Authors: Yang Caiqian , Du Wenping , Hou Peng , Zhu Fawang , Chen Yaojing , Ma Changjun , Pan Yong , Zhang Honglei
Published: May 2022

To solve the problem of insufficient transverse connection of T-girder bridges, this paper investigated the strengthening method of two composite trusses symmetrically installed in mid-span. The composite truss included two top plates, four diagonal braces, and one horizontal brace. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete T-girder using single-point loading method under four load cases. The experimental results showed that the maximum transverse stiffness of T-girder specimens strengthened with composite trusses improved by 12.4% compared with control beams. Simultaneously, it had an excellent restraining effect on the cracks development. The maximum percentage decrease in the deflection corresponding to the maximum load when the reinforced concrete T-girder strengthened with composite trusses over the control beam of up to 39.7 was observed. In addition, the load transverse distribution coefficient was investigated according to rigid-jointed slab (girder) method. The composite trusses were chosen as intermediate diaphragm to calculate moment of inertia. The analytical model was in an accurate with the experimental result under the same loading condition. The optimize spacing of composite trusses was given from 600 mm ( L/10) to 1200 mm ( L/5), and thickness of top plate was 30 mm when the load transverse distribution coefficient was homogeneously distributed. Finally, a three-dimensional finite element model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of composite trusses.
Conditional simulation of 3D nonstationary wind field for sea-crossing bridges
Authors: Huang Zifeng , Xu You-lin , Xia Yong
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a framework for the conditional simulation of a 3D nonstationary wind field for super-long sea-crossing bridges based on wind speed time histories measured by limited anemometers on site. The variations of wind characteristics along the bridge deck with multi-elements are considered in this framework. The wind characteristics, including mean wind speeds, mean wind directions, turbulence intensities, turbulence integral scales, evolutionary wind spectra and spectral parameters, coherence functions and function parameters, at the measurement points are first obtained by analyzing the measured wind speed time histories. The wind characteristics are then extended over all the simulation points along the deck of the sea-crossing bridge using the spatial interpolation method and considering the variation of deck height above the sea level using the profiles of mean wind speeds, turbulence intensities and turbulence integral scales estimated from the measured wind speed time histories. After working out wind cross correlation functions, wind speed time histories at all simulation points over the sea-crossing bridge can be conditionally simulated. The proposed framework is finally applied to a real 22.9 km sea-crossing bridge under Typhoon Higos. The conditionally simulated wind speed time histories at all simulation points of the bridge are acceptable and consist a complete wind field which can be used for the buffeting analysis of the bridge.
Emergency hospital admissions, prognosis, and population mortality in Norway during the first wave of the Covid-19 epidemic
Authors: Jodal Henriette C. , Juul Frederik E. , Barua Ishita , Bretthauer Michael , Kalager Mette , Løberg Magnus , Emilsson Louise
Published: May 2022

Background:

During the first wave of the Covid-19 epidemic, a national lockdown was established in Norway, and inhabitants were asked to contact healthcare only if absolutely necessary. We investigated hospital admissions and mortality due to non-Covid-19 disease during the lockdown compared to previous years.

Methods:

We compared the number of emergency admissions and in-hospital fatality for diagnoses probably unaffected (acute myocardial infarction, acute abdominal conditions, cerebrovascular diseases) and affected by the lockdown (infections, injuries) in the South-Eastern Health Region of Norway during weeks 12–22, 2020, compared to the mean of the same period in the years 2017–2019. We also compared population mortality March–May 2020, to the mean of the same period in years 2017–2019.

Results:

A total of 280,043 emergency admissions were observed; 20,911 admissions probably unaffected, and 30,905 admissions probably affected by the lockdown. Admissions due to diagnoses probably unaffected was reduced by 12% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9–15%), compared to 2017–2019. Admissions for diagnoses probably affected was reduced by 30% (95% CI 28–32%). There was a 34% reduction in in-hospital fatality due to acute myocardial infarction (95% CI 4–56%), 19% due to infections (95% CI 1–33%), and no change for the other diagnoses, compared to 2017–2019. The risk of in-hospital mortality to total mortality was lower for acute myocardial infarction (relative risk 0.85, 95% CI 0.73–0.99) and injuries (relative risk 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.98).

Conclusions:

Even though fewer patients were admitted to hospital, there was no increase in in-hospital fatality or population mortality, indicating that those who were most in need still received adequate care.
Fifty years of Nordic social medicine and public health: snapshots of a journal
Authors: Allebeck Peter , Janlert Urban
Published: May 2022

We revied articles published in the Scandinavian Journal of Public Health in a 50 years perspective. Papers reflect development of public health research, policy and debate over the years. Several papers describe early phases of Nordic population based studies that came to have major importance.
Which factors are associated with COVID-19 infection incidence in care services for older people in Nordic countries? A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Rauhala Auvo S. , Fagerström Lisbeth M. , Lindholst Andrej C. , Sinervo Timo S. , Bertelsen Tilde M. , Bliksvær Trond , Lunde Bente V. , Solli Rolf , Wolmesjö Maria G. , Hansen Morten B.
Published: May 2022

Aims:

To investigate the differences between Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway regarding residential/home care units’ and frontline managers’ background factors, the resources allocated and measures taken during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether and how these differences were associated with COVID-19 among older people in residential/home units.

Methods:

Register- and survey-based data. Responses from managers in municipal and private residential/home units. Number of municipal COVID-19 cases from national registries. Multilevel logistic multivariate regression analysis with presence of COVID-19 among older people in residential/home units as the outcome variable.

Results:

The proportions of residential/home units with client COVID-19 cases, mid-March–April 2020 were Denmark 22.7%, Finland 9.0%, Norway 9.7% and Sweden 38.8%, most cases found in clusters. The proportions were similar among employees. Client likelihood of having COVID-19 was six-fold higher if the employees had COVID-19. Mean client cases per residential/home unit were Denmark 0.78, Finland 0.46, Norway 0.22 and Sweden 1.23. For the same municipal infection incidence class, Sweden’s mean client infection levels were three-fold those of other countries. The regression analysis variables country, municipal COVID-19 incidence proportion, and care type were associated with client cases at p ⩽ .001. Compared with Denmark, the odds ratios (ORs) for Sweden, Norway and Finland were 1.86, 0.41 and 0.35 respectively. The variable difficulties in preventive testing had an OR of 1.56, p ⩽ .05.

Conclusions:

Municipal COVID-19 incidence, employee cases, and the lack of testing resources somewhat explained the confirmed COVID-19 cases among older people in residential/home units. A two- to five-fold unexplained inter-country difference in ORs in the multivariate analyses was notable. The level of protection of vulnerable older clients in municipal and private residential/home units differed between the included countries.
Informal settlements in the context of COVID-19: Pandemic restrictions and the building of community resilience
Authors: Wang Chun , Xu Haoyi , Lin Aiping
Published: May 2022

As the fundamental unit of urban governance, communities are the grassroots for responding to and facing disasters directly, and their resilience to disaster risks has garnered increasing consideration. Despite the large body of community resilience research that now exists, few studies have considered the resilience of informal settlements such as ‘urban villages’. In fact, the high density of building facilities in informal settlements, the diversity and mobility of their populations, their lack of public space and infrastructure and all kinds of managerial problems have become more prominent in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to analyse the characteristics of the migrant populations and healthy living environments of informal settlements, sum up the pandemic prevention measures and their effects, study the community resilience of informal settlements during the COVID-19 pandemic and summarise the strategies to build resilience. Our research results can be utilised to (1) enrich the content of existing community resilience research and promote the resilience of the whole city system in the face of public health events, and (2) provide a scientific basis for comprehensive management of informal settlements and optimise the living environments of migrant populations from the perspective of resilience.
In the eye of the beholder: A viewer-defined conception of online visual creativity
Authors: Herman Laura Mariah , Hwang Angel Hsing-Chi
Published: May 2022

Despite substantial interest in developing theoretical models and technology for creativity enhancement, existing creativity research across various fields lacks a user-centered definition of creativity that can be operationalized in today’s digital spaces. To address this, we conducted a mixed-methods longitudinal research on a study website mirroring content from Bēhance, a popular online platform for creatives. Specifically, we examined how content creators and consumers explored and reflected on online creative content through textual, visual, quantitative, and behavioral data. Analyzing and triangulating these multiple data streams, we conceptualize creativity from the perspectives of its genuine “users,” the viewers. Collectively, we highlight (1) constructs of creativity that have not been emphasized in the existing literature, (2) the impact of users’ roles on content exploration and conception of creativity, and (3) the difference between machine and human users’ perception of creative content. We discuss theoretical and practical implications accordingly.
Fatigue life analysis in the residual stress field due to resistance spot welding process considering different sheet thicknesses and dissimilar electrode geometries
Authors: Reza Kashyzadeh Kazem , Farrahi GholamHossein , Ahmadi Alireza , Minaei Mohammad , Ostad Rahimi Mojtaba , Barforoushan Sohrab
Published: May 2022

A typical vehicle body contains many 3-sheet spot-welded connections with different sheet thicknesses. In addition, the use of dissimilar electrode geometries is extremely common in the automotive industry. These two factors lead to an asymmetric spot weld with asymmetric residual stress distribution and heat-affected zone. This asymmetry has considerable effects on the fatigue behavior of these joints. Although many previous studies were dedicated to the analysis of spot welds, consideration of different electrode geometries and fatigue analysis of 3-sheet spot-welded joints are absent in the literature. To this end, in the present paper, the resistance spot weld process of three-sheet low carbon steels considering different sheet thicknesses and dissimilar electrode geometries (F0 and D0) was simulated. The finite element simulation presented, was verified by comparison to the experimental results for the nugget size and residual stress. Residual stress distribution diagrams were obtained with respect to the distance from the center of the nugget in four different paths. Eventually, fatigue life analysis of this type of joint was performed using the finite element method. The results indicate that the finite element-based fatigue results are within the scatter band of the experimental results (75/75 tolerance limits), and consequently, the provided algorithm can be reliably used to analyze the fatigue behavior of spot-welded connections with complex specifications.
Thermo-electrical performance of hybrid busbars: An experimental and numerical investigation
Authors: Sampaio Rui FV , Pragana João PM , Bragança Ivo MF , Silva Carlos MA , Martins Paulo AF
Published: May 2022

This paper is focused on hybrid busbars made from aluminum and copper with the purpose of analyzing the influence of temperature on the electric performance of the joints. The methodology involves the fabrication of fastened, friction stir spot welded, sheet-bulk compressed, and injection lap riveted unit cells that are representative of the different types of hybrid busbars joints, the development of a special purpose laboratory apparatus for thermo-electrical measurements, and numerical simulation with a finite element computer program developed by the authors. Results are a step forward in understanding the variation of the electrical resistance of hybrid busbars with temperature and allow concluding that an increase above 30% is expected when the temperature in service reaches the limiting value defined by the IEEE standard for metal-clad switchgear.
Analysis of national scientific domains in the journalism discipline (scopus, 2003–2019)
Authors: Nuño-Moral María Victoria , Trillo-Domínguez Magdalena , Guerrero-Bote Vicente P , Moya-Anegón Félix
Published: May 2022

Although journalism has an important social impact, with contributions from multiple academic and professional fields, one can perceive a major deficit in terms of applying scientometric analyses that allow for an objective multidimensional radiography of scientific production, the identification of transnational collaboration networks and the revelation of the position of the different countries. This work evaluated the evolution of national scientific domains of the discipline during the period 2003–2009, constructing a first relationships map that goes beyond the quantitative plane of production to reveal the dynamics and socio-political and geographical context of alliances in Journalism research. Scientific production in journalism increased during this period much faster than world scientific production. Three countries really capitalized the research: the United States, the United Kingdom and Spain generated more than half of the total production, while at the same time being those that determined the entire structure of relationships involving the linguistic, geopolitical and sociocultural (linked with professional and work practices) factors.