bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimación de orientación de un vehículo aéreo no modelado usando fusión de sensores inerciales y aprendizaje de máquina
Authors: Fonnegra Ruben , Goez German , Tobón Andrés
Published: September 2019

Los vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV) ofrecen alternativas para diversas aplicaciones en las que se compromete la integridad humana. En este sentido, la necesidad de incrementar la autonomía de estos vehículos presenta una alternativa al área de inteligencia artificial para aumentar las capacidades de navegación en diversos entornos. Este artículo presenta una evaluación para estimación de inclinación y orientación, utilizando algoritmos de aprendizaje  automático para una planta dinámica con múltiples rotores. Para esto se propone un experimento para recopilar datos de unidades de medición inercial (IMU) sobre la placa de un UAV, y sometidos a diferentes inclinaciones antes de lograr la tarea de clasificación. Los resultados reportados usando los algoritmos de k vecinos más cercanos (k-NN), máquinas de soporte vectorial (SVM) y de Bayes muestran eficiencia en el reconocimiento, obteniendo una precisión hasta del 99 %. Además, estos algoritmos podrían combinarse con técnicas de control robustas, ideal para la implementación en sistemas con capacidades de procesamiento limitadas.
Modelo de predicción de demanda de energía eléctrica mediante técnicas Set-Membership
Authors: Diaz Jimena , Vuelvas Jose , Ruiz Fredy , Patiño Diego
Published: September 2019

En este artículo se propone un modelo para la predicción de demanda de energía eléctrica a corto plazo empleando técnicas de estimación Set Membership. El modelo está compuesto por una componente periódica y una componente no-lineal auto-regresiva generada por un modelo no-paramétrico adaptable que incorpora datos recientes al conjunto de identificación en cada iteración del algoritmo. El modelo es evaluado en un caso de estudio con mas de 13,000 muestras de demanda horaria a lo largo de tres años, registradas en un municipio rural de Colombia. El desempeño del estimador se compara con un modelo lineal auto-regresivo y un modelo Set Membership con conjunto de identificación fijo. Los resultados muestran que el estimador propuesto logra predecir la demanda de energía con un error RMS inferior al 2.5 % en datos de validación, empleando solo un 5 % de los datos disponibles para la construcción del modelo.
Inconsistencies between chemistry climate model and observed lower stratospheric trends since 1998
Authors: Ball William T. , Chiodo Gabriel , Abalos Marta , Alsing Justin
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The stratospheric ozone layer shields surface life from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Following the Montreal Protocol ban of long-lived ozone depleting substances (ODSs), rapid depletion of total column ozone (TCO) ceased in the late 1990s and ozone above 32 km now enjoys a clear recovery. However, there is still no confirmation of TCO recovery, and evidence has emerged that ongoing quasi-global (60° S–60° N) lower stratospheric ozone decreases may be responsible, dominated by low latitudes (30° S–30° N). Chemistry climate models (CCMs) used to project future changes predict that lower stratospheric ozone will decrease in the tropics by 2100, but not at mid-latitudes (30°–60°). Here, we show that CCMs display an ozone decline similar to that observed in the tropics over 1998–2016, likely driven by a increase of tropical upwelling. On the other hand, mid-latitude lower stratospheric ozone is observed to decrease, while CCMs show an increase. Despite opposing lower stratospheric ozone changes, which should induce opposite temperature trends, CCM and observed temperature trends agree; we demonstrate that opposing model-observation stratospheric water vapour (SWV) trends, and their associated radiative effects, explain why temperature changes agree in spite of opposing ozone trends. We provide new evidence that the observed mid-latitude trends can be explained by enhanced mixing between the tropics and extratropics. We further show that the temperature trends are consistent with the observed mid-latitude ozone decrease. Together, our results suggest that large scale circulation changes expected in the future from increased greenhouse gases (GHGs) may now already be underway, but that most CCMs are not simulating well mid-latitude ozone layer changes. The reason CCMs do not exhibit the observed changes urgently needs to be understood to improve confidence in future projections of the ozone layer.
A New Characterization of the Upper Waters of the central Gulf of México based on Water Mass Hydrographic and Biogeochemical Characteristics
Authors: Cervantes-Diaz Gabriela Yareli , Hernández-Ayón Jose Martín , Zirino Alberto , Zinah Herzka Sharon , Camacho-Ibar Victor , Montes Ivonne , Sudre Joël , Delgado Juan Antonio
Published: September 2019

Abstract. In the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) at least three near-surface water masses are affected by mesoscale processes that modulate the biogeochemical cycles. Prior studies have presented different classifications of water masses where the greater emphasis was on deep waters and not on the surface waters (σθ
Carbonic anhydrase is involved in benthic foraminiferal calcification
Authors: de Goeyse Siham , Webb Alice E. , Reichart Gert-Jan , de Nooijer Lennart J.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Marine calcification is an important component of the global carbon cycle. The mechanism by which some organisms take up inorganic carbon for the production of their shells or skeletons, however, remains only partly known. Although foraminifera are responsible for a large part of the global calcium carbonate production, the process by which they concentrate inorganic carbon is debated. Some evidence suggests that seawater is taken up and participates relatively unaltered in the process of calcification, whereas other results suggest the involvement of transmembrane transport and the activity of enzymes like carbonic anhydrase. Here, we tested whether inorganic carbon uptake relies on the activity of carbonic anhydrase using incubation experiments with the large benthic, symbiont-bearing foraminifer Amphistegina lessonii. Calcification rates, determined by the alkalinity anomaly method, showed that inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by acetazolamide (AZ) stopped most of the calcification process. Inhibition of photosynthesis by either 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) or by incubating the foraminifera in the dark, also decreased calcification rates, but to a lesser degree than with AZ. Results from this study show that carbonic anhydrase plays a key role in biomineralization of Amphistegina lessonii and indicates that calcification of those large benthic foraminifera might, to a certain extent, benefit from ocean acidification.
Understanding Tropical Forest Abiotic Response to Hurricanes using Experimental Manipulations, Field Observations, and Satellite Data
Authors: Van Beusekom Ashley E> , González Grizelle , Stankavich Sarah , Zimmerman Jess K. , Ramírez Alonso
Published: September 2019

Abstract. With projected increasing intensity of hurricanes and large uncertainty in the path of forest recovery from hurricanes, studies are needed to understand the fundamental response of forests to canopy opening and debris deposition: the response of the abiotic factors underneath the canopy. Through manipulative experiments and instrumenting hurricane María in the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico, this study found a long recovery time of the primary abiotic factors (light, throughfall, and temperature) influenced by the disturbance of canopy opening, and complex responses by the secondary abiotic factors (humidity, soil moisture, and leaf saturation) influenced by the disturbance of the primary factors. Recovery took up to 9 years for beneath canopy light, while throughfall recovery took 6 years. Air and soil temperature seemingly recovered fairly quickly from each disturbance, however temperature was the most important modulator of secondary factors, which followed the long-term patterns of the throughfall. While the soil remained wetter and humidity stayed lower until recovery, leaves in the litter and canopy were wetter and drier, with evidence that leaves dry out faster in low rainfall and saturate faster in high rainfall after disturbance. Comparison of satellite and field data before and after the 2017 hurricane showed the utility of satellites in expanding the data coverage, but the muted response of the satellite data suggest they measure dense forest as well as thin forest that is not as disturbed by hurricanes. Thus, quick recovery times recorded by satellites should not be assumed representative of all of the forest.
A DATA STRUCTURE TO INCORPORATE VERSIONING IN 3D CITY MODELS
Authors: Vitalis S. , Labetski A. , Arroyo Ohori K. , Ledoux H. , Stoter J.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. A 3D city model should be constantly updated with new versions, either to reflect the changes in its real-world counterpart, or to improve and correct parts of the model. However, the current standards for 3D city models do not support versioning, and existing version control systems do not work well with 3D city models. In this paper, we propose an approach to support versioning of 3D city models based on CityJSON and the concepts behind the Git version control system, including distributed and non-linear workflows. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach in two examples and in our software prototype, which is able to extract a given version of a 3D city model and to display its history.
AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC POINTWISE SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF A 3D URBAN SCENE FROM MOBILE TERRESTRIAL AND AIRBORNE LIDAR POINT CLOUDS: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH
Authors: Xing X.-F. , Mostafavi M. A. , Edwards G. , Sabo N.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Automatic semantic segmentation of point clouds observed in a 3D complex urban scene is a challenging issue. Semantic segmentation of urban scenes based on machine learning algorithm requires appropriate features to distinguish objects from mobile terrestrial and airborne LiDAR point clouds in point level. In this paper, we propose a pointwise semantic segmentation method based on our proposed features derived from Difference of Normal and the features “directional height above” that compare height difference between a given point and neighbors in eight directions in addition to the features based on normal estimation. Random forest classifier is chosen to classify points in mobile terrestrial and airborne LiDAR point clouds. The results obtained from our experiments show that the proposed features are effective for semantic segmentation of mobile terrestrial and airborne LiDAR point clouds, especially for vegetation, building and ground classes in an airborne LiDAR point clouds in urban areas.
Re-examination of the standards for transit oriented development influence zones in India
Authors: Ann Sangeetha , Jiang Meilan , Yamamoto Toshiyuki
Published: September 2019

Transit oriented development (TOD) is a land-use and transport integrated urban planning strategy that is highly acclaimed for promoting sustainable city development. This review aims to identify the problems regarding adoption of TOD standards or guidelines formulated by developed countries in developing countries, such as India, and the necessity of conducting adaptability studies on TOD influence areas. The existing studies show that the size of the influence area varies among different cities and travel modes. Accordingly, no single size influence zone is suitable for all cases. This review highlights the necessity of carefully considering the spatial extent of influence areas and modes other than walking as access or egress modes in the Indian context. Moreover, this review aims to provide insight on how to plan TOD in the context of developing countries, because the mobility patterns in these countries differ considerably from those in the developed world.
Variety is the spice of life: expanding article contributions to the summer supplement
Authors: Oakie Amanda
Published: September 2019

87(S) editorial
Investigation of Body Composition of Footballers by Bioelectrical Impedance Method
Authors: Aktas Yakup , Gokhan Ismail
Published: September 2019

Objective: This study aims at examining the body composition of male football players who perform regular football training by Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA) method and comparing it with a healthy control group and investigating the effect of regular exercise on body composition.Materials and Methods: A total of 60 people participated in the study, including 30 volunteer male football players performing football trainings regularly from 11 Nisan Football Club playing in Turkey Football Federation Regional Amateur League (BAL) and 30 healthy volunteer control group consisting of male students from Harran University Medical Faculty. Both groups’ ages and body mass indexes are similar to each other.  Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA) method was used for Osseosis, skeletal muscle weight (SMM), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), waist hip ratio (WHR), and basal metabolism parameters of the participants. The data obtained were evaluated with SPSS 23.0 statistical package program, and the significance level was evaluated as p < 0.01 and p < 0.05.Findings: There was no statistically significant difference between the values of age, height, weight, intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, protein, mineral, skeletal muscle weight (SMM), body mass index (BMI) and muscle ratios of the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05). When the parameters of basal metabolism, Osseosis and skeletal muscle weight of the experimental group were discussed, no significant relationship was detected, although they were high numerically (p > 0.05). It was determined that the body fat percentage (BFP) of the experimental and control groups was correlated at p < 0.01 level and waist-hip ratio was correlated (WHR) at p < 0.05 level, which was statistically significant. As a result, although there was no significant difference between BMI values between the football players and the control group, the fact that the players' lower BMI values and lower waist-hip ratios showed that regular training reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases.
Modality, Modal Commitment and Modal Responsibility of the Speeches Delivered by the President of Sri Lanka at the UNO General Assembly: A Systemic Functional Analysis
Authors: Priyantha Gamage Upul , Sadi Makangila Patrick
Published: September 2019

The main aim of this paper is to unpack the types of modality used, and their level of commitment and responsibility in the selected sample. Also, this study scrutinizes the frequency of occurrence of modal expressions by employing the Systemic Functional Linguistic approach. As was found out, the first case does not reflect a higher frequency of modal expressions, but in the second case, it remains in a higher percentage by showing the commitment of the speaker towards the propositions and proposal of the speeches. Apart from typical modal verbal operators, the study found a considerable number of other modal expressions such as different mood adjuncts and adjectival expressions over the two speeches which also have been used to persuade the listeners of his assembly. The speaker’s commitment to the validity of messages is obviously manifested in both cases of the present study which illustrates how important modality in political discourse.
Mujeres en la pesca artesanal, a tres millas náuticas, Cabo Gracias a Dios
Authors: Miranda Salomón Kevin José , Brooks Cassanova Ángel Antonio , Matamoros Any Marley
Published: September 2019

Esta investigación tuvo por finalidad visibilizar a las mujeres en cuanto a la captura, acopio y comercialización de los productos marítimos, mediante la pesca artesanal en las tres millas náuticas, en la comunidad de Kip, Litoral Norte, territorio indígena Tawira, municipio de Waspam, Región Autónoma de la Costa Caribe Norte de Nicaragua.En esta comunidad, ocho mujeres, en su mayoría madres solteras, jefas de familia con poco nivel de escolaridad, están en la actividad pesquera, dos de ellas en el acopio y cuentan con sus propios medios (panga, cayuco, velero, termos, motor fuera de borda de 45 y 70 hp), seis son propietarias de aperos de pesca y comercializan dentro de la comunidad y carecen de medios para acopiar. El enfoque cualitativo fue descriptivo, lo que permite especificar los datos en su mayoría mediante la narrativa de los propios actores y sus comportamientos, en este caso mujeres que trabajan en la actividad pesquera. La unidad de análisis fue de ocho mujeres que en la comunidad han incursionado en la pesca artesanal a 3 millas náuticas en la comunidad de Kip, Cabo Gracias a Dios, Litoral Norte.
Índice de salud de las lagunas costeras de Cayos Miskitos
Authors: Williams Smith Donald , Williamson Cuthbert Marcos , Torres Norving , Arróliga Osmar , Mendoza José
Published: September 2019

Los ecosistemas marino costeros de la costa Caribe Norte de Nicaragua, conforman una red de humedales interdependientes de gran importancia ecológica. En estos humedales sobresale un sistema de lagunas naturales, donde se reproducen y se desarrollan una cantidad de organismos acuáticos, que son la base de la economía y la alimentación, de las comunidades indígenas miskitas que habitan en la zona costera. Estas lagunas reciben agua de afluentes continentales y del mar Caribe, por tanto, dada la importancia de este sistema lagunar, en esta investigación cuantitativa se desarrolló una evaluación ecológica en las lagunas Bihmuna, Pahra, Karata y Wouhta, para conocer su estado de salud, analizando tres indicadores principales: Contaminación del agua, hábitat y pesquería. Los resultados demuestran buena calidad del agua con baja concentración de elementos y sus formas que se presentan, buena cobertura y conservación de hábitat, abundancia y diversidad de especies pesqueras. De modo que estas lagunas presentan buena condición de salud y deben mantener el uso actual para conservar sus valores naturales y que los comunitarios puedan hacer uso de los recursos de manera sostenible en el tiempo. Las capacitaciones que la universidad URACAN realiza son esenciales para la conservación de los humedales en el área.
Crecimiento de langosta espinosa en jaulas flotantes en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Cayos Perla, municipio de Laguna de Perlas, RACCS, Nicaragua
Authors: Siu Estrada Eduardo , Hodgson Suárez Lindolfo , Suárez Sánchez Juan , Der Wal Hans Van , Siu Estrada Darven , Romero Ebanks Jasper
Published: September 2019

La langosta común (Panulirus argus) es una especie con alto valor comercial en el Caribe nicaragüense. En las últimas décadas su producción ha alcanzado sus valores máximos, aunado a las fluctuaciones asociadas a la variabilidad climática y su mismo aprovechamiento, demandan la necesidad de incursionar en formas complementarias de producción, como lo es la acuicultura. En el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Cayos Perla, Nicaragua, se evaluó el crecimiento de 85 langostas (P. argus), cultivadas en una jaula flotante de 2 x 2 x 2.30 m, durante el período del 21 de diciembre de 2018 al 23 de mayo de 2019, alimentadas diariamente con sardinas a razón del 7% de su peso. Durante este período el agua presentó valores promedios de temperatura de 28.5 ºC, pH de 7.6, salinidad de 34.4 g L-1, turbidez mayor a un metro y velocidad de la corriente de 0.2 a 0.4 ft s-1. Se observaron dos etapas de crecimiento de la langosta, de 89 y 64 días, cada una. La primera caracterizada por nulo crecimiento, densidad de 10.6 organismos m3 y mortalidad alta al final (39%); la segunda por un crecimiento similar al observado en su estado natural, sobrevivencia alta (100%), con una densidad de 6.3 organismos m3.La relación peso (W) – longitud del cefalotórax (LC) de las langostas durante el cultivo se ajustó a la ecuación W = 0.02788 LC 2.2074. De lo anterior se puede decir que el cultivo de la langosta en ésta región tiene un alto potencial.
Dinámica de microalgas frente a la costa de las Peñitas-Poneloya, Nicaragua
Authors: Rojas Jirón Sabrina Francisca , Romero Peralta Joseyka Nayara , Hernández Rivera Carmen Isabel , Cea Navas Noelia Erlinda
Published: September 2019

Esta es una investigación descriptiva que ha estudiado la dinámica de las microalgas (Cyanophytas, Chlorophytas, Bacillariophyceae y Dinoflagellata) y su relación con los parámetros físico-químicos de las costas de las Peñitas-Poneloya en el período de Junio-Octubre del 2017. Se tomaron muestras de 3 puntos diferentes entre el área comprendida en las coordenadas 12°20´10.63¨N 87°01´59.58¨O y 12°21´59.68¨N   87°04´13.27¨O. Estos muestreos se realizaban una vez al mes y en ellos se tomaban las muestras de agua y los parámetros físico-químicos (pH, salinidad, temperatura, turbidez y oxígeno). Se hacía conteo de células con ayuda de la cámara Neubauer y la identificación de microalgas con ayuda de la cámara Sedgewick-Rafter. Se encontraron microalgas de los cuatro principales grupos, teniendo más representación de la clase Bacillariophyceae con 16 especies, seguidas de las Cyanophytas con 7 especies, Chlorophytas con 6 especies y Dinoflagellata con 5 especies. El parámetro de la salinidad oscilo entre 30 ppm como valor mínimo presentado en el punto 1 y 34 ppm como valor máximo presentado en el punto 3, la temperatura fluctuó entre 27° C y 29.7° C, teniendo el valor mínimo en el mes de agosto en el 2do punto y la máxima en el mes de junio en el 3er punto, la turbidez mantuvo un valor estable de 100 cm en sus 3 puntos durante todo el período de investigación. El oxígeno disuelto varió entre 7.3 mg/l y 8.3 mg/l, teniendo su valor mínimo en el mes de junio en el 1er punto y el máximo en septiembre en su 1er punto. El pH osciló entre 8.6 su mínimo, encontrado en el mes de junio en el 2do punto y su máximo de 10.4 en el mes julio en el 2do punto. A todas las especies encontradas se le aplicaron los índices estadísticos Diversidad de Shannon y Dominancia de Simpson, para indagar si la zona cuenta con abundante biodiversidad o había dominancia de una especie específica, y según los resultados obtenidos se puede asegurar que el área cuenta con una diversidad y abundancia de especies de microalgas homogéneas.
An Examination of How Energy Efficiency Incentives Are Distributed Across Income Groups
Authors: Jacobsen Grant D.
Published: September 2019

Many policies lead to the provision of incentives, such as rebates or tax credits, to consumers for the purchase of products that have high energy efficiency. This paper investigates how these incentives are distributed across income groups for three types of subsidies (manufacturer or retailer rebates, utility rebates, and tax credits) and eight types of equipment. While incentives are always concentrated in higher-income households, there is substantial heterogeneity in the magnitude of the concentration depending on how incentives are structured. Tax credits are the type of subsidy that is most concentrated in higher-income households and utility rebates are the least. Incentives for appliances that are not universally-owned, including dishwashers and clotheswashers, are more concentrated than are incentives for other types of equipment. Differences across income groups in the rates of equipment presence and turnover, willingness to purchase Energy Star models, and rates of homeownership contribute to the concentration. After controlling for these factors, utility rebates are no longer concentrated in higher-income households, but manufacturer / retailer rebates and tax credits remain so.
Mother language teaching in Portugal. An interview with João Costa and Isabel Margarida Duarte
Authors: Sebastião Isabel
Published: September 2019

An interview with João Costa and Isabel Margarida Duarte.
Projeto PerGRam – Processos para o ensino da gramática no primeiro ano de escolaridade
Authors: Pessôa Marques Míriam
Published: September 2019

Reseña del proyecto PerGRam.
The Levels of Inflammatory Markers (IL-6, CRP), Homocysteine and Lipid Profile in Hemodialysis Patients, Isfahan
Authors: Sabzevari Elnaz , Shahanipour Kahin , Moshtaghie Aliasghar
Published: September 2019

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and inflammation are among themost common causes of mortality in dialysis patients. Factors such as chronic inflammation, dyslipidemia and elevated homocysteine levels may underlie the increased risk of CVD. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate levels of inflammatory markers, homocysteine, lipid profile, WBC, and BMI levels in hemodialysis patients compared with the control subjects in Isfahan. Methods: A total of 32 hemodialysis patients and 32 healthy subjects were selected randomly and their serum levels of IL-6, CRP, homocysteine, and lipid profiles were measured. Results: According to the results, most of the studied hemodialysis patients compared to the healthy subjects had non-normal amounts of IL-6, CRP, and homocysteine i.e., higher than healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Cholesterol, HDL, and LDL were significantly lower than the healthy subjects (P < 0.05), while triglycerides and VLDL levels showed no significant difference (P: 0.38 > 0.05). A significant difference of BMI was observed between the normal subjects and the patients; thus, this factor in patients was less than what was in the healthy group (P: 0.001 < 0.05). Conclusions: The results demonstrated that in most patients the levels of factors IL-6, CRP, and homocysteine were abnormal compared to the healthy group. In addition, the risk of developing cardiovascular and inflammatory disease as well as dyslipidemia in these patients is higher than normal.
Aplicações de conceitos da mecânica em chutes de taekwondo
Authors: Lima Luis Philippe Arruda , Gama Kamyla Fernanda Silva
Published: September 2019

O Taekwondo é uma arte marcial milenar e, oficialmente, desde o ano 2000, está incluído no programa olímpico. O TKD, como também é conhecido, é um esporte que apresenta muito dinamismo em seus golpes, o que possibilita a existência de análises com a utilização da Física. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar conceitos da mecânica na análise de golpes executados na modalidade esportiva Taekwondo, com o intuito de ser um auxílio nas práticas de ensino de Física no ensino médio. Foram utilizadas as grandezas físicas aceleração, força, impulso, velocidade angular e momento angular na análise de quatro importantes chutes (ap tchagui, bandal tchagui, timio yop tchagui e mondolio tchagui). A linguagem e o formalismo adotados na elaboração do texto apresentam adequação em relação ao público alvo.
Creación de un instrumento musical interactivo: MIDI Hero
Authors: Gustavo Chico Alfonso
Published: September 2019

Desarrollo de un instrumento interactivo para personas sin conocimientos musicales.
I do not hate Comic Sans
Authors: Morera Francesc
Published: September 2019

Este artículo propone dos ejes de reflexión en torno a una tipografía polémica, la Comic Sans. Esta es una tipografía que ha sido aplicada universalmente, no sólo en Internet sino que ha trascendido su uso desde las plataformas digitales y se ha distribuido y aplicado en otros soportes.
Sistema visual de asignación automática de pasajeros en los filtros de seguridad aeroportuarios
Authors: Olmeda Santiago
Published: September 2019

TFG que pretende implementar una idea enfocada en el aeropuerto y en concreto a la mejora de la forma en que los pasajeros pasan por los filtros o controles de seguridad mediante el replanteo de su diseño. Por ello este trabajo presenta un sistema de gestión acompañado de una remodelación visual de los filtros de seguridad y nuevos paneles informativos.
Ekuitas Layanan Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit di Indonesia
Authors: Ariani Devi Senja , Pujiyanto Pujiyanto
Published: September 2019

Abstrak Dalam rangka mendorong tercapainya UHC di Indonesia, pemerintah menyelenggarakan program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Salah satu tujuan program JKN adalah perbaikan akses dan ekuitas utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ekuitas utilisasi layanan rawat inap pada tahun 2015 dan 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder hasil SUSENAS tahun 2015 dan tahun 2016 dengan analisis menggunakan kurva konsentrasi dan indeks konsentrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa utilisasi layanan rawat inap di rumah sakit pada kelompok peserta JKN meningkat pada tahun 2015 ke tahun 2016. Penduduk kaya lebih banyak memanfaatkan pelayanan rumah sakit dibandingkan dengan penduduk miskin, hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan kurva konsentrasi yang berada dibawah garis diagonal (garis ekuitas) dan nilai indeks konsentrasi yang bernilai positif yaitu 0.0336 pada tahun 2015 dan 0.0382 pada tahun 2016. Terjadi peningkatan inekuitas utilisasi layanan rawat inap di rumah sakit pada tahun 2015 ke tahun 2016 yang dilihat dari selisih nilai indeks konsentrasi sebesar 0.0045. Inekuitas utilisasi layanan rawat inap di rumah sakit yang pro kaya disebabkan oleh ketidaksetaraan umur, pendapatan, pendidikan, wilayah regional tempat tinggal serta kepemilikan JKN. Sedangkan variabel jenis kelamin dan pekerjaan mengurangi inekuitas dalam utilisasi layanan rawat inap di rumah sakit pada tahun 2015 dan 2016. Abstract In order to encourage the achievement of UHC in Indonesia, the government organized National Health Insurance (JKN) program. One of the objectives of the JKN program is the improvement of access and equity utilization of health services. This study aims to analyze Equity of Inpatient Utilization in Health Service in second and third year of JKN program implementation in 2015 and 2016. This study uses secondary data of SUSENAS in 2015 and 2016 with analysis using concentration curve and concentration index. The results showed that the Utilization of inpatient services in hospitals in the JKN group of participants increased in 2015 to 2016. The richer population utilizes more Health Service than the poor, as evidenced by concentration curves below the diagonal line (equity line) and the value of the positive concentration index of 0.0336 in 2015 and 0.0382 in 2016. There was an increase in inequity utilization in inpatient services in 2015 to 2016 which was seen from the difference of concentration index value of 0.0045. Pro-rich inequity caused by inequalities in age, income, education, regional residence and JKN ownership. While sex and job variables reduce inequality in inpatient service utilization in hospital by 2015 and 2016.
Determinan Sosial Ekonomi Konsumsi Minuman Berpemanis di Indonesia: Analisis Data Susenas 2017
Authors: Daeli Widi Astutty Casimira , Nurwahyuni Atik
Published: September 2019

Abstrak Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) atau yang dikenal dengan minuman berpemanis bergula adalah cairan yang ditambah­kan dengan berbagai macam bentuk gula. Konsumsi minuman berpemanis berlebih berkontribusi terhadap Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) seperti penambahan berat badan, meningkatkan risiko diabetes mellitus tipe 2 serta penyakit kardiovaskuler. PTM dapat dicegah sedini mungkin dengan mengurangi konsumsi kalori dalam gula. WHO menyarankan orang dewasa dan anak-anak untuk mengurangi asupan gula hingga kurang dari 10% dari total asupan energi dan dilanjutkan hingga kurang dari 5% dari total asupan energi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan sosial ekonomi yang memengaruhi konsumsi minuman berpemanis. Menggunakan data sekunder dari survey sosial ekonomi nasional (Susenas) Tahun 2017 dengan model two part (OLS, Probit dan Tobit). Variabel akses internet merupakan variabel yang konsisten berhubungan dengan penurunan pengeluaran dan partisipasi rumah tangga untuk konsumsi minuman berpemanis. Oleh karena itu, perlu meningkatkan sosial­isasi promosi iklan layanan kesehatan masyarakat terkait bahaya konsumsi minuman berpemanis berlebihan dan pencantu­man batas aman konsumsi minuman berpemanis pada label kemasan. Abstract Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) are added liquids with various of sugar. Consumption of SSBs contributes to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as weight gain, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. NCDs can be prevent­ed as early as possible by reducing the consumption of calories in sugar. WHO recommends adults and children to reduce sugar intake to less than 10% of total energy intake and continue to less than 5% of total energy intake. This study aims to determine the socio-eco­nomic factors consumption of SSBs. We employed secondary data from the 2017 National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) with two-part models (OLS, Probit and Tobit). We found that internet access is consistently associated with lower household expenditure and consumption of SSBs. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the promotion of public health service advertising related to the danger of excessive consumption of SSBs and the inclusion of safe consumption of SSBs on packaging labels.
An autoregulatory cell cycle timer integrates growth and specification in chick wing digit development
Authors: Pickering Joseph , Chinnaiya Kavitha , Towers Matthew
Published: September 2019

A fundamental question is how proliferation and growth are timed during embryogenesis. Although it has been suggested that the cell cycle could be a timer, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we describe a cell cycle timer that operates in Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-expressing polarising region cells of the chick wing bud. Our data are consistent with Shh signalling stimulating polarising region cell proliferation via Cyclin D2, and then inhibiting proliferation via a Bmp2-p27kip1 pathway. When Shh signalling is blocked, polarising region cells over-proliferate and form an additional digit, which can be prevented by applying Bmp2 or by inhibiting D cyclin activity. In addition, Bmp2 also restores posterior digit identity in the absence of Shh signalling, thus indicating that it specifies antero-posterior (thumb to little finger) positional values. Our results reveal how an autoregulatory cell cycle timer integrates growth and specification and are widely applicable to many tissues.
A scalable platform for the development of cell-type-specific viral drivers
Authors: Hrvatin Sinisa , Tzeng Christopher P , Nagy M Aurel , Stroud Hume , Koutsioumpa Charalampia , Wilcox Oren F , Assad Elena G , Green Jonathan , Harvey Christopher D , Griffith Eric C , Greenberg Michael E
Published: September 2019

Enhancers are the primary DNA regulatory elements that confer cell type specificity of gene expression. Recent studies characterizing individual enhancers have revealed their potential to direct heterologous gene expression in a highly cell-type-specific manner. However, it has not yet been possible to systematically identify and test the function of enhancers for each of the many cell types in an organism. We have developed PESCA, a scalable and generalizable method that leverages ATAC- and single-cell RNA-sequencing protocols, to characterize cell-type-specific enhancers that should enable genetic access and perturbation of gene function across mammalian cell types. Focusing on the highly heterogeneous mammalian cerebral cortex, we apply PESCA to find enhancers and generate viral reagents capable of accessing and manipulating a subset of somatostatin-expressing cortical interneurons with high specificity. This study demonstrates the utility of this platform for developing new cell-type-specific viral reagents, with significant implications for both basic and translational research.
The importance of behavioral data to identify online fake reviews for tourism businesses: a systematic review
Authors: Reyes-Menendez Ana , Saura Jose Ramon , Filipe Ferrão
Published: September 2019

In the last several decades, electronic word of mouth (eWOM) has been widely used by consumers on different digital platforms to gather feedback about products and services from previous customer behavior. However, this useful information is getting blurred by fake reviews—i.e., reviews that were created artificially and are thus not representative of real customer opinions. The present study aims to thoroughly investigate the phenomenon of fake online reviews in the tourism sector on social networking and online reviews sites. To this end, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on fake reviews for tourism businesses. Our focus was on previous studies that addressed the following two main topics: (i) tourism (ii) fake reviews. Scientific databases were used to collect relevant literature. The search terms “tourism” and “fake reviews” were applied. The database of Web of Science produced a total of 124 articles and, after the application of different filters following the PRISMA 2009 Flow diagram, the process resulted in the selection of 17 studies. Our results demonstrate that (i) the analysis of fake reviews is interdisciplinary, ranging from Computer Science to Business and Management, (ii) the methods are based on algorithms and sentiment analysis, while other methodologies are rarely used; and (iii) the current and future state of fraudulent detection is based on emotional approaches, semantic analysis and new technologies such as Blockchain. This study also provides helpful strategies to counteract the ubiquity of fake reviews for tourism businesses.
Chemical profile and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of Sinobambusa tootsik (Sieb.) Makino leaves
Authors: Qiu Xiao-Lin , Zhang Qing-Feng
Published: September 2019

Background

Sinobambusa tootsik (Sieb.) Makino (S. tootsik) is one species of bamboo distributed in China, Japan and Vietnam. The chemical profile of its leaves and its potential application was unknown yet.

Methods

The chemical profile of S. tootsik was studied by HPLC and UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS. The S. tootsik extract was prepared by extraction with 50% aqueous ethanol, followed by H103 macroporous resins adsorption and desorption processes. Pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity was determined using p-nitrophenyl palmitate as the substance, which was hydrolyzed by lipase to form coloured p-nitrophenol.

Results

Eighteen compounds were identified in S. tootsik. Most of them were the C-glycosylated derivatives of luteolin and apigenin, such as isoorientin, isoorientin-2″-O-rhamnoside and isovitexin. Isoorientin-2″-O-rhamnoside was the most dominant flavonoid in the sample. S. tootsik extract was prepared through resin adsorption/desorption with yield of 1.12 ± 015% and total flavonoids content of 82 ± 2 mg/g (in term of isoorientin). The extract exhibited pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.93 mg/mL.

Conclusion

The chemical profile of S. tootsik leaves was uncovered for the first time. C-glycosyl flavonoids were the main constituents in the plant. The extract exhibited pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity and may have potential for use as a food supplement for controlling obesity.
Crop Residue Burning: Issue and Management for Climate-Smart Agriculture in NCR Region, India
Authors: . Manjeet , Malik Joginder Singh , Kumar Sushil
Published: September 2019

Today India enjoys the second position worldwide in agricultural output and as well as plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic construction of India too. There is no doubt that intensive agriculture also plays a significant role in climate change over time. Today climate change becomes the major concern all over the globe. The main cause of climate change is the various anthropogenic activities, in these agricultural Crop Residue Burning (CRB) of rice and wheat crops has been identified as a major reason for climate change. This unwise practice as it leads to severe air pollution and emits traces of carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, and particulates which affect causing various respiratory and other health problems along with as a regional polluter as per various studies. In addition, it causes the loss of vital nutrients from the soil resulting in the loss of fertility and unviable for agriculture in the long run. Along with this CRB create visibility problems in vehicle driving which result in many road accidents every year. In a recent study it is estimated that India annually emissions of 824 Gg of Particulate Matter (PM2.5), 58 Gg of Elemental Carbon (EC) and 239 Gg of Organic Carbon (OC). Additionally, 211 Tg of CO2 equivalent greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) were also added to the atmosphere. In this regarding Punjab and Haryana are the major contributor to air pollution due to residue burning. These two states contribute to 48 percent of the total emission due to paddy and wheat straw burning across India. Now the time has occurred to tackle this noxious practice with best management practices and capacity building of the farmer community to conserve the climate for the sustainable development of agriculture and the human race in developing country like India. Hence, an attempt has been made in this paper is to describe the current status and available alternative management practices like in situ agronomic management, new machineries viz., zero drill, happy seeder, straw baler as well as capacity building of farmer community for crop residue to minimize the climate change and soil infertility for sustainable on long-run basis.
ATM/miR‐34a‐5p axis regulates a p21‐dependent senescence‐apoptosis switch in non‐small cell lung cancer: a Boolean model of G1/S checkpoint regulation
Authors: Gupta Shantanu , Silveira Daner A. , Mombach José Carlos M.
Published: September 2019

MicroRNA‐34a‐5p regulates the G1/S checkpoint in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Forced expression of miR‐34a‐5p enhances p21 expression and promotes cellular senescence, whereas knockout of miR‐34a‐5p decreases senescence and increases apoptosis. This suggests that p21 is the main effector of a senescence‐apoptosis switch in NSCLC cells; however, the molecular mechanisms controlling this switch are unclear. In this work, we propose a Boolean model of G1/S checkpoint regulation, contemplating the regulatory influences of p21 by miR‐34a‐5p. The predicted probabilities of our model are in excellent agreement with experimental data. Our model supports that p21 is the main effector of a senescence/apoptosis switch and that the disruption of the positive feedback involving ATM, miR‐34a‐5p, and the histone deacetylase HDAC1 abrogates senescence.
Klotho‐mediated targeting of CCL2 suppresses the induction of colorectal cancer progression by stromal cell senescent microenvironments
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Pan Jie , Pan Xia , Wu Lunpo , Bian Jun , Lin Zhenghua , Xue Meng , Su Tingting , Lai Sanchuan , Chen Fei , Ge Qiwei , Chen Luyi , Ye Shufang , Zhu Yabi , Chen Shujie , Wang Liangjing
Published: September 2019

Senescent microenvironments play an important role in tumor progression. Here, we report that doxorubicin (DOX)‐pretreated or replicative senescent stromal cells (WI‐38 and HUVEC) promote colorectal cancer (CRC) cell growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo. These pro‐tumorigenic effects were attenuated by exogenous administration of Klotho, an anti‐aging factor. We subsequently identified several senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP)‐associated genes, including CCL2, which were significantly upregulated in both types of senescent stromal cells during replication and DNA damage‐induced senescence. Importantly, we found that the secretion of CCL2 by senescent stromal cells was significantly higher than that seen in nonsenescent cells or in senescent cells pretreated with Klotho. Notably, CCL2 was found to accelerate CRC cell proliferation and invasion, while this effect could be blocked by administration of a specific CCR2 antagonist. We further show that Klotho can suppress NF‐κB activation during DOX‐induced senescence and thus block CCL2 transcription. Low expression of Klotho, or high expression of CCL2 in patient tumor tissues, correlated with poor overall survival of CRC patients. Collectively, our findings suggest that senescent stromal cells are linked to progression of CRC. Klotho can suppress the senescent stromal cell‐associated triggering of CRC progression by inhibiting the expression of SASP factors including CCL2. The identification of key SASP factors such as CCL2 may provide potential therapeutic targets for improving CRC therapy.
Unraveling the Mechanism of the Persistent Photoconductivity in Organic Phototransistors
Authors: Jia Ruofei , Wu Xiaofeng , Deng Wei , Zhang Xiujuan , Huang Liming , Niu Kaifeng , Chi Lifeng , Jie Jiansheng
Published: September 2019

Persistent photoconductivity (PPC) in organic phototransistors provides an opportunity and broad prospects to achieve many emerging applications in optoelectronic devices. However, a fundamental understanding of PPC behavior is still a key challenge impeding its practical applications. In this study, for the first time, a mechanism for electron trapping is presented in oxygen‐induced deep levels in organic semiconductors for the clarification of PPC behavior with solid evidence. Both theoretical simulation and experimental investigation unveil that oxygen in air atmosphere plays a decisive role in determining the PPC behavior. Oxygen molecules can induce deep defect levels in the energy bandgap of organic semiconductors, which will act as deep traps for photogenerated electrons. The trapped electrons will be maintained in the traps and undergo a very slow releasing process after light illumination, thus leading to a noticeable PPC behavior for the organic phototransistors. The proposed mechanism shows good universality and can be applicable to a host of organic semiconductors for explaining the PPC behaviors. This work reveals the significant role of oxygen in PPC behavior and also provides guidelines for controlling the unique PPC behavior toward device applications.
Lattice Strain Formation through Spin‐Coupled Shells of MoS2 on Mo2C for Bifunctional Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts
Authors: Tiwari Anand P. , Yoon Yeoheung , Novak Travis G. , Azam Ashraful , Lee Minhe , Lee Sun Sook , Lee Gwan‐hyoung , Srolovitz David J. , An Ki‐Seok , Jeon Seokwoo
Published: September 2019

Identifying effective means to improve the electrocatalytic performance of transition metal dichalcogenides in alkaline electrolytes is a significant challenge. Herein, an advanced electrocatalyst possessing shells of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) for efficient electrocatalytic activity in alkaline electrolytes is reported. The strained sheets of curved MoS2 surround the surface of Mo2C, turning the inactive basal planes of MoS2 into highly active electrocatalytic sites in the alkaline electrolyte. The van der Waals layers, which even possess van der Waals epitaxy along (100) facets of MoS2 and Mo2C, enhance the spin coupling between MoS2 and Mo2C, providing an easy electron transfer path for excellent electrocatalytic activity in alkaline electrolytes and solving the stability issue. In addition, it is found that curved MoS2 sheets on Mo2C show 3.45% tensile strain in the lattice, producing excellent catalytic activity for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) (with E1/2 = 0.60 V vs RHE) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (overpotential = 1.51 V vs RHE at 10 mA cm−2) with 60 times higher electrochemical active area than pristine MoS2. The unique structure and synthesis route outlined here provide a novel and efficient approach toward designing highly active, durable, and cost‐effective ORR and OER electrocatalysts.