bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translation meets cognitive science: The imprint of translation on cognitive processing
Authors: Rojo Ana
Published: July 2015

Translation has long played a role in linguistic and literary studies research. More recently, the theoretical and methodological concerns of process research have given translation an additional role in cognitive science. The interest in the cognitive aspects of translation has led scholars to turn to disciplines such as cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics or even neurology in search of innovative approaches and research methods. This paper reviews current issues in translation studies, and a variety of empirical studies that may contribute to enlarging our knowledge of translation. The intention is to show that the combined work of disciplines from cognitive science may be influential, not only in defining the factors that underpin the translation process and the translator’s work, but also in describing the potential impact that translation research has on communication and language processing.
Heraclitus on Law (Fr.114 DK)
Authors: Schofield Malcolm
Published: July 2015

No Heraclitean fragment that bears on the political sphere compares with Fr.114 in length or theoretical ambition. Its basic preoccupation as often is with human intelligence and the need for better understanding. But its claim about the resources available to understanding is developed by means of an analogy with the city’s reliance on law and thereby on the ‘one divine’. And this is the dimension of the fragment that has most engaged scholars. It is generally supposed that a main lesson taught by the analogy is that, important resource though its law is for a city, ‘what is common’ provides understanding with a much stronger resource. This paper argues that that interpretation is misconceived: there could be no more powerful source of support than the ‘one divine’. Heraclitus’ point is rather that humans need to muster more strength to get the support available to understanding than citizens have to exercise in accessing that available in the law.
Heraclitus on Soul and Super-Soul with an afterthought on the afterlife
Authors: Mansfeld Jaap
Published: July 2015

This paper is about the reception of Heraclitus’ views on the human soul in its cosmic context. Those views were updated by later thinkers, and their extensive evidence on the matter is scrutinized in detail. A World Soul and various forms of immortality came to be attributed, while soul stuff was said to be inhaled from the environment. An appendix considers the quite general opinion that Heraclitus posited some sort of afterlife for human souls. It is argued that fragments held to support this interpretation are better otherwise construed.
Environmental communications: The reader’s perspective
Authors: Haigh Matthew
Published: July 2015

Connecting reception theory and social semiotics, this article offers a framework for the analysis of hortatory texts. An illustrative case uses the pronouncements of environmental regulators, with the reader group represented by a sample of executives in financial institutions. Although the participants thought the texts important, none had found any use for them. It is unlikely that financial institutions en masse will address environmental issues before and until communicators frame their material in terms of customary financial discourse and investors’ dominant cognitive rationalities. The depth of insights gained suggests wider application of the framework to a range of hortatory texts and authoritative reader groups.
Icarus ignored: Riffaterre and Eagleton on Auden’s Musée des Beaux Arts
Authors: Hopkins John A. F.
Published: July 2015

In his 2007 book dealing with poetry in English, Terry Eagleton sacrifices integrity on the altar of the popularizing impulse. His partial analysis of an Auden poem also treated by Michael Riffaterre reveals the advantages of a semiotic approach, which can show how images on the textual surface signify indirectly by pointing to an underlying matricial structure. The author’s expanded version of Riffaterrian theory accounts for the added complexity conferred by two matrices, each founded on a proposition. In sum, Eagleton’s employment of a traditional “lit-crit” approach – with its prose-based preoccupation with surface details – fails to identify the semiotic structure of the poem as a signifying totality.
Towards a semiotics of multilingualism
Authors: Ivković Dejan
Published: July 2015

Describing the semiotic activity of multifaceted configurations of language presence in plurilingual contexts (spaces and objects) as multilingual semiosis, this article adopts a classical semiotic perspective on linguistic diversity and attendant artefacts. Accordingly, the juxtaposition of languages through associated linguistic and non-linguistic representations – embedded in a specific sociocultural and linguistic matrix – appropriates a second-order, supralinguistic layer of signification. The article develops a set of concepts and analytical tools to interpret a range of phenomena underlying the complexity and dynamism of language contact. To account for the hierarchy and semiotic flow of linguistic items and features, the article revisits the memetic concept of lingueme (cf.
Die Josefs- und die Exodus-Geschichte: Ihre vorpriesterliche weisheitstheologische Verbindung
Authors: Schmitt Hans-Christoph
Published: July 2015

Im vorpriesterlichen Text von Gen 37–50* liegt eine selbständige Josefsnovelle aus der späteren Königszeit vor, in die durch die »Midianiter-Bearbeitung« zur Entlastung der Brüder Josefs die weisheitstheologische Vorstellung einer verborgenen Lenkung der Geschichte durch Gott (vgl. Prov 16,9) eingefügt wurde (vgl. besonders 37,28aα; 40,15; 45,5b–8; 50,15–21). In dieser »weisheitstheologischen Schicht« zielt die Ankündigung Josefs in 50,20, dass der die Pläne der Brüder durchkreuzende Plan Gottes dem »Ins-Leben-Bringen eines zahlreichen Volkes (

In the pre-Priestly text of Gen 37–50* an independent Joseph Novelle from the late monarchy period is present. Into this the ›Midianite revision‹ introduced (cf. especially 37,28aα; 40,15; 45,5b–8; 50,15–21) the wisdom concept of a hidden direction of history by God (cf. Prov 16,9). In this »wisdom theology layer« the declaration by Joseph in 50,20, that the plan of God, which cuts across the plans of his brothers, serves »to bring a numerous people (

Le texte présacerdotal de Gn 37–50* préserve une nouvelle sur Joseph, qui date de la fin de l’époque monarchique. La »révision madianite« a déchargé les frères de Joseph en introduisant dans le récit une conception théologique et sapientielle de l’histoire orientée et dirigée par Dieu (voir en particulier 37,28aα; 40,15; 45,5b–8; 50,15–21; cf. Pv 16,9). Dans cette couche »théologico-sapientielle «, l’affirmation de Joseph en 50,20, selon laquelle le plan de Dieu annulle les projets des frères et sert le dessein divin d’»amener à la vie un peuple nombreux (
Three Oppressors and Four Saviors – The Three-Four Pattern and the List of Saviors in I Sam 12,9–11
Authors: Golani Shira J.
Published: July 2015

This paper deals with the theory of the existence of a »Book of Saviors«, a composition of savior tales pertaining to the pre-Monarchy era. Noth and others have suggested that this composition was used by the deuteronomistic redactor of the canonical book of Judges. Supporting evidence will be brought forth through a detailed new examination of I Sam 12,9–11 and its presentation of the period of the Savior-Judges. These verses, attributed to Samuel, the last Judge, contain a structure of two lists, of oppressors and of saviors, along with the wellknown literary patterns of three-four, to present a roster of the pre-monarchic period of saviors.

Der Beitrag behandelt die Frage nach der Existenz eines ›Buches der Retter‹, einer hypothetischen Sammlung von ›Rettergeschichten‹, deren Ursprünge in der prämonarchischen Zeit verortet werden. Noth und andere haben erwogen, dass diese Sammlung vom deuteronomistischen Redaktor des kanonischen Richterbuches gebraucht worden sein könnte. Diese These wird hier durch die Ergebnisse einer neuen und detaillierten Untersuchung von 1 Sam 12,9–11 und der dortigen Darstellung der Zeit der als Retter auftretenden Richter untermauert. Diese Verse, die Samuel, dem letzten Richter, zugeschrieben werden, beinhalten im Rahmen der bekannten ›Drei-gegenüber-Vier‹-Schemata zwei Listen: Eine von Unterdrückern und eine von Rettern. So präsentiert sich der Text als Listenwerk der prämonarchischen Zeit der Retter.

Cet article traite de la théorie de l’existence d’un »livre des sauveurs«, une composition de contes sur des sauveurs, composition relative à l’ère pré-monarchique. Noth et d’autres ont suggéré que cette composition a été utilisée par le rédacteur deutéronomiste du livre canonique des juges. Une nouvelle étude détaillée de I Sam 12,9–11 et de sa présentation de la période des juges-sauveurs amènera des preuves supplémentaires à cette théorie. Ces versets, attribués à Samuel, le dernier juge, contiennent une structure faite de deux listes, celle des oppresseurs et celle des sauveurs, avec le schéma littéraire bien connu du troisquatre, ceci afin de présenter un tableau de la période pré-monarchique de sauveurs.
The Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Spectra and Phosphorescence Decay Time of Harmine, Harmaline, Harmalol, Harmane, and Norharman in Aqueous Solutions and EPA at 77 K
Authors: Hadley SG , Muraki AS , Spitzer K
Published: July 2015

The plant Paganum Harmala is found in India, Mongolia, northern China, and in the dry range lands of the American Southwest. The seeds of the plant contain the hallucinogenic alkaloids harmine, harmaline, harmol, harmalol, and harmane [1–4]. These alkaloids are also found in the South American plant species Banisteriopis. The hallucinogenic properties of the juice from Banisteriopis plants are employed by several Amazonian Indian tribes to produce visions for ceremonial purposes [1–4]. In addition a similar alkaloid is found in the pineal body [5]. As hallucinogens these alkaloids are reportedly more active than mescaline or LSD [4].
Uterine and placental KISS1 regulate pregnancy: what we know and the challenges that lie ahead
Authors: Babwah Andy V
Published: July 2015

Hypothalamic KISS1 and its derivatives (kisspeptins) are now well recognized as potent stimulators of GnRH secretion and thereby major regulators of the neuroendocrine-reproductive axis. Recent studies in the mouse strongly suggest that independent of the hypothalamus and pituitary, peripherally derived KISS1 also regulates fertility, and disruption of local KISS1 signaling in the ovary and uterus is sufficient to trigger infertility. With this increasing recognition that peripherally derived KISS1 regulates fertility, the first goal of this review is to critically discuss the data that have led to this conclusion, focusing on uterine- and placental-derived KISS1. Given that a significant amount of this data was generated in animals such as the mouse and rat, a second goal of this review is to identify and discuss the limitations of the animal data in the context of better understanding KISS1 as a regulator of human pregnancy. The growing evidence suggests that in both man and mouse, KISS1 plays an important role in regulating very early pregnancy events such as embryo implantation. However, as pregnancy advances, although it seems that KISS1 continues to play important roles in regulating human pregnancy, it might not do so in the mouse. This surprising functional dichotomy between human females and mice appears also to exist between women and a large number of animal species, including lower primates. These findings are of tremendous significance and will greatly shape how KISS1 will be developed as a therapeutic agent in augmenting the reproductive potential of both women and important livestock species.
Transgenerational Effects of Early Life Starvation on Growth, Reproduction, and Stress Resistance inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Jobson Meghan A , Jordan James M , Sandrof Moses A , Hibshman Jonathan D , Lennox Ashley L , Baugh L Ryan
Published: July 2015

Starvation during early development can have lasting effects that influence organismal fitness and disease risk. We characterized the long-term phenotypic consequences of starvation during early larval development in Caenorhabditis elegans to determine potential fitness effects and develop it as a model for mechanistic studies. We varied the amount of time that larvae were developmentally arrested by starvation after hatching (“L1 arrest”). Worms recovering from extended starvation grew slowly, taking longer to become reproductive, and were smaller as adults. Fecundity was also reduced, with the smallest individuals most severely affected. Feeding behavior was impaired, possibly contributing to deficits in growth and reproduction. Previously starved larvae were more sensitive to subsequent starvation, suggesting decreased fitness even in poor conditions. We discovered that smaller larvae are more resistant to heat, but this correlation does not require passage through L1 arrest. The progeny of starved animals were also adversely affected: Embryo quality was diminished, incidence of males was increased, progeny were smaller, and their brood size was reduced. However, the progeny and grandprogeny of starved larvae were more resistant to starvation. In addition, the progeny, grandprogeny, and great-grandprogeny were more resistant to heat, suggesting epigenetic inheritance of acquired resistance to starvation and heat. Notably, such resistance was inherited exclusively from individuals most severely affected by starvation in the first generation, suggesting an evolutionary bet-hedging strategy. In summary, our results demonstrate that starvation affects a variety of life-history traits in the exposed animals and their descendants, some presumably reflecting fitness costs but others potentially adaptive.
Salud sexual y reproductiva en estudiantes universitarios de una institución de educación superior en Colombia
Authors: Gómez Camargo Doris Esther , Ochoa Diaz Margarita Maria , Canchila Barrios Carlos Alberto , Ramos Clason Enrique Carlos , Salguedo Madrid Germán Israel , Malambo García Dacia Isabel
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Investigar en una universidad estatal delCaribe colombianoel estado de la salud sexual y reproductiva especialmente conocimientos sobre Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual (ETS), fertilidad, sexualidad, embarazo y violencia.

Métodos Estudio transversal tipo encuesta. Se seleccionaron estudiantes matriculados en el segundo período de 2010 que llenaron voluntariamente la encuesta. Los datos cualitativos fueron tabulados y graficados usando medidas de tendencia central para variables cuantitativas.

Resultados La población tenía alrededor de 20 años de edad, provenía de la zona urbana (57,9 %; IC95 %=54,7-61,1), predominantemente heterosexual (89,7 %) con edad de inicio de vida sexual antes de los 18 años, con 11,8 % de promiscuidad que usaba principalmente el preservativo como Método de Planificación Familiar (MPF) (55 %). Aunque poseían información previa sobre salud sexual, MPF y ETS, no se comportaban acorde con ello, por la desinformación sobre formas de transmisión del VIH, bajo nivel de realización de pruebas serológicas para ETS, así como conductas de riesgo (sexo/alcohol/drogas). El 12,3% tuvo antecedente de embarazo, violencia física (21,6%) y sexual (4,6 %) con un predominante silencio de las víctimas de abuso sexual (61,8 %).

Conclusiones La muestra refleja la población universitaria de esta región del país.Se planea organizar un programa con apoyo médico y psicológico que permita disminuir los índices de ETS, embarazos no planificados, preparando al adolescente en esta importante etapa de su vida,sirviendo de modelo para otras universidades latinoamericanas. 

 

 

 

 
Factores que influyen la comorbilidad entre trastorno de pánico y estrés postraumático después de terremotos
Authors: Leiva-Bianchi Marcelo , Candia Claudia , Montecino Karla
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Después del terremoto y tsunami de Chile (27-F), estudiamos el efecto de factores socio-demográficos, de exposición al evento y de ayuda estatal recibida en la comorbilidad entre trastorno de pánico (CAP) y estrés postraumático (TEPT).

Método Encuestas que incluían la Escala de Trauma de Davidson (DTS) a 246 habitantes.

Resultados Se encontró 19,1 % de comorbilidad (r=,583; R2=,340; p<,01). Quienes tienen mayor riesgo de sufrir CAP y TEPT son las mujeres dueñas de casa. La ayuda estatal se asocia a más casos de CAP.

Conclusiones Diseñamos perfiles de riesgo/resistencia ante terremotos/tsunamis y un instrumento (EP-TEPT) para detectar casos en riesgo de TEPT. Sugerimos pautas para que el Estado mejore su rol después de desastres.
Costos directos de atención médica de accidentes de tránsito en Bogotá D.C.
Authors: Gómez Restrepo Carlos , Quitian Hoover , Maldonado Patricia , Naranjo-Lujan Salomé , Rondón Martín , Acosta Andrés , Arango-Villegas Carlos , Hurtado Jaime , Hernández Juan C. , Angarita María del Pilar , Peña Marcela , Saavedra Miguel Á.
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Determinar los costos de atención médica generados por la accidentalidad vial en Bogotá.

Metodología Estudio observacionalprospectivo con datos de pacientes mayores de edad atendidos en la central de urgencias de 6 instituciones hospitalarias.

ResultadosEl promedio del costo totalde atenciónpor paciente fue de $1112000 El costo promedio día de paciente hospitalizado fue de $1200000. Pacientes con atención ambulatoria tuvieron un costo promedio de $247400. El costo promedio por accidente se calculó en $2333700. Los costos médicos por accidentes en el periodo de análisis en Bogotá fueron aproximadamente $2301028200. Cifras en pesos de 2011.

ConclusionesLos costos de la atención médica de los accidentes de tránsito constituyen una carga económica considerable
Proceso de eliminación del Tétanos neonatal en Colombia 1989-2005
Authors: Morón-Duarte Lina S. , Castillo-Pabón José O
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Describir los avances de Colombia en la eliminación del tétanos neonatal a partir de la información ofrecida por la vigilancia epidemiológica

Métodos Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de la vigilancia epidemiológica del tétanos neonatal en Colombia para el período 1989-2005. Se consultó la información disponible de la notificación de este evento de interés en salud pública

Resultados En el periodo estudiado se notificaron en total 830 casos de tétanos neonatal. En 1989 la tasa del tétanos neonatal era del 0,22 por 1 000 nacidos vivos. En el 2005 se redujo a 0,01 por 1 000 nacidos vivos, es decir una disminución cercana al 94 % de los casos.

Conclusiones Teniendo en cuenta la información aportada por la vigilancia epidemiológica, el país ha logrado la meta de mantener una tasa <1 caso por 1 000 nacidos vivos. A pesar de esto es necesario considerar tan solo un caso en cualquier sitio del país como una falla del sistema de atención en salud
Satisfacción de pacientes que acudieron al primer nivel de atención durante el 2012 en Bogotá
Authors: González Quiñones Juan Carlos , Restrepo Chavarriaga Guillermo León , Hernandez Rojas Astrid Danery , Ternera Saavedra Diana Carolina , Galvis Gómez Camilo Alberto , Pinzón Ramírez Jenny Alexandra
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Estimar la percepción de los pacientes sobre la atención médica en el primer nivel de atención.

Metodología Se aplicó una encuesta telefónica a pacientes atendidos en dos meses diferentes del 2012, indagando por variables sociodemográficas, relaciones médico-paciente y acerca del proceso de atención médica.

Resultados Se encuestaron 804 pacientes. El tiempo promedio de acceso a la atención fue de 9,6 días. El 78 % refiere haber podido contar todo lo que sentía al médico, el 60 % que el médico le explicó lo que tenía y, uno de cuatro, que indagó por su familia. El 30 % sintió alivio completo luego de la atención médica. La calificación promedio de la atención médica fue de 7,9 (DE ± 1,7). Las variables relacionadas con las calificaciones más altas fueron: Poder contarle todo al médico (OR 7,5 IC 95 % 1,8-31), ser examinado (OR 7,5 IC 95 % 1,5-38,5, explicarle qué tiene (OR 5,2 IC 95 % 1,8-15), preguntar por la familia (OR 5,8 IC 95 % 2,1-16,1) y haberlo atendido antes (OR 3,5 IC 95 % 1,4-8,6).

Conclusiones La comunicación extensa con el paciente es tan importante como el enfrentar la enfermedad en el acto médico.
Exposición a COVs en fábricas de muebles de dos poblaciones del norte de Colombia
Authors: Vargas Ramos Yadiris Elena , Marrugo Negrete José Luis
Published: July 2015

Objetivos Evaluar la exposición a compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COVs) en trabajadores de fábricas artesanales de mueblesde dos poblaciones de Sucre (Sincelejo y Sampués), Norte de Colombia. Determinar posibles signos y/o síntomas relacionados con la exposición a estos contaminantes.

Métodos Estudio transversal analíticocon aplicación de una encuesta. La población objetivo estuvo conformada por 66 individuos, 41 expuestos y 25 controles. Se tomaron muestras personales para las concentraciones de benceno, tolueno, etilbenceno y xilenos (en ambos grupos) y se contrastó con posibles efectos en la salud atribuidos a estos contaminantes.

Resultados Las concentraciones de benceno, tolueno y m/p-xileno fueron mayores en el grupo expuesto (9,5 mg/m3, 8,1 mg/m3 y 12,1 mg/m3) en comparación con el grupo control(0,2 mg/m3, 0,3 mg/m3 y 0,03 mg/m3).Dolor muscular 82,9 % (RP=3,8; IC95%:1,2-11,8) y somnolencia 65,9 % (RP=4,9; IC95%:1,7-14,7)estuvieron asociados a mayor exposición (p< 0,05). Factores como el uso de mezclas solventes (thinner) en el trabajo y el tráfico vehicularpueden contribuir a estos resultados.

Conclusiones La contribución de diversas fuentes aumenta la exposición personal a los COVs, de los trabajadores de las fábricas artesanales de muebles en el Norte de Colombia. Adicionalmente, el uso excesivo de estos compuestos puede estar generando efectos adversos en la salud de los trabajadores.
Enteroparasitismo en indígenas Terena en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Norberg Antonio Neres , Guerra-Sanches Fabiano , Blanco Moreira-Norberg Paulo R. , Madeira-Oliveira José Tadeu , Santa-Helena Aluízio Antonio , Serra-Freire Nicolau Maués
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Considerando que más de la mitad de la población mundial está infectada por protozoarios y helmintos intestinales, con alta prevalencia en las zonas más pobres, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar la prevalencia de los parasitismos entre indígenas de la etnia Terena, establecidos en el Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul.

Metodología Se examinaron 134 muestras de heces de individuos de la comunidad indígena. Estas se conservaron en solución de Merthiolate-iodo-formol (MIF). Los exámenes de laboratorio fueron realizados por las técnicas de Hoffman, Pons y Janer; Willis y Kinyoun.

Resultados Se identificaron infecciones por helmintos nematodos de las especies Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostomidae, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis, y Trichuris trichiura; cestodos de la especie Hymenolepis nana, y Taeniaspp. También por protozoarios de las especies Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, y Entamoeba histolytica. De las muestras investigadas, 23,1% fueron negativas; de los 76,9 % parasitados hubo diferencia estadísticamente no significativa para el parasitismo en hombres y mujeres examinados, de unoa 33 años de edad, y sobre parasitismo mono específico, o con simultaneidad de especies. Como diversidad parasitaria fueron encontradas siete especies de helmintos nematodos y cestodos, y cinco de protozoarios Archamoebae, flagelados y enterozoários. 

Conclusiones Los resultados fueron la base para la orientación e intervención adecuada, revelando la necesidad de la implantación de medidas gubernamentales y socioeducativas para mejorar las condiciones de vida de esta comunidad.
Mercurio en la minería del oro: impacto en las fuentes hídricas destinadas para consumo humano
Authors: Diaz Arriaga Farith Adilson
Published: July 2015

En regiones afectadas por la minería del oro, la inhalación de vapores de mercurio junto con la ingesta de peces contaminados, constituyen las principales fuentes de contaminación con este metal, el cual afecta la salud humana de múltiples maneras. No obstante, otra fuente adicional reconocida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) es el consumo de agua contaminada. Aunque por lo general las aguas superficiales contienen bajos niveles de mercurio debido a que este es rápidamente consumido por microorganismos acuáticos, se ha encontrado que bajo ciertas circunstancias su concentración en el agua puede alcanzar valores alarmantes, superando incluso los 2,0 μg/L —valor estipulado en la legislación colombiana para aquellas fuentes hídricas destinadas para consumo humano y doméstico—. En algunos municipios colombianos se han detectado concentraciones de mercurio en aguas superficiales por encima de los 3,0 μg/L y en otros lugares del mundo por encima de los 8,0 μg/L. Si bien es cierto que el consumo de agua contaminada con mercurio constituye un problema menor en comparación con otras fuentes de contaminación, estas bajas concentraciones también contribuyen gradualmente a la carga contaminante que afecta la salud humana, tal como ha sido reportado por diferentes investigadores.
Determinantes estructurales de países con decrecimiento en la prevalencia por la infección VIH/SIDA en el periodo 2001-2011
Authors: Escobar Leguízamo Daira Nayive , Estrada Montoya John Harold , Prieto Suárez Edgar
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Analizar y comparar los elementos y características estructurales que permiten establecer un modelo sobre la disminución (superior o igual al 25 %) de la infección por VIH/SIDA, en 22 países durante el periodo 2001 - 2011.

 

Método Cohorte retrospectiva enfocada desde la perspectiva de los determinantes sociales de la salud. La metodología fue desarrollada en 2 etapas: revisión documental (comportamiento de la epidemia) y cuantitativa (modelo de regresión lineal simple para variables económicas y de salud).

Resultados Los indicadores que podrían influir sobre el comportamiento del decrecimiento de la prevalencia del VIH son: el PIB Per cápita, el gasto de salud Per cápita y el índice de Gini.

Conclusiones Los Determinantes estructurales, así como la inequidades pueden condicionar o no el decrecimiento de la prevalencia del VIH, hipótesis que podría aplicarse a otros problemas de salud pública. 

 
Fájdalomcsillapító-túlhasználathoz társuló fejfájás
Authors: Magyar Máté , Hajnal Boglárka , Gyüre Tamás , Ertsey Csaba
Published: July 2015

Medication-overuse headache affects 1 to 2 percent of the population. Any kind of painkiller, if taken regularly at least 10 days per month can cause medication-overuse headache, and therefore the possibility of this headache has to be raised whenever a patient with a preexistent headache notices a significant increase in headache frequency during a period of frequent painkiller consumption. Medication-overuse headache is most prevalent in females between 40 and 50 years of age. Its main risk factors are smokig, obesity, depression, and anxiety. The pathomechanism of medication-overuse headache is complex, with a probable genetic propensity and other biological (neurochemical and neurophysiological), as well as psychological and behavioural factors (such as anticipatory anxiety, catastrophisation of pain and consequentially a compulsive painkiller use) contributing to its genesis. The prerequisite of successful treatment is the withdrawal of the overused substance, other necessary elements of the therapy include the treatment of withdrawal symptoms including rebound headache, the introduction of an effective preventative therapy, taking into consideration the highly prevalent comorbid disorders as well, and the education and psychological support of patients. As the relapse rate can be as high as 30 to 40% regardless of effective treatment, the prevention of medication-overuse headache is of paramount importance, and the role of general practitioners can hardly be overstated. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(30), 1195–1202.
Time and frequency domain evaluation of bender element systems
Authors: Camacho-Tauta J. F. , CASCANTE G. , VIANA DA FONSECA A. , SANTOS J. A.
Published: July 2015

Bender elements are used to measure the low-strain shear-wave velocity of soils in many geotechnical laboratories worldwide. Despite their popularity, the method remains without a standard, mainly owing to the difficulties in controlling the actual behaviour of the bender element inside the specimen. Previous experimental and analytical studies on the behaviour of bender elements have found evidence that the actual transmitter movement is not equal in shape or frequency content of the electrical signal used as the input excitation. Furthermore, the size and geometry of the specimen influence the response of these piezoelectric transducers. In this study, miniature accelerometers are used to measure the particle vibration inside specimens during bender elements tests, which were performed in a resonant column device. The comparison between shear wave velocities obtained by resonant column and miniature accelerometers tests allow a better interpretation of bender element testing. The sine pulse bender element test results showed good agreement with the resonant column measurements. The results show the importance of the resonant frequencies of the bender element and their influence on frequency domain analysis of bender element testing.
Mediation insights: practical ways to shape the outcome
Authors: Jarratt Al
Published: July 2015

Generations of people and businesses had become used to just two means of settling disputes, namely arbitration and litigation, until recently. Now mediation has joined the fray and been adopted by the judiciary, central and local authorities, agencies, businesses and many professional bodies and groups, nationally and internationally. It is destined in the long term to become even more popular as the most commercially viable method for securing positive outcomes for disputes. This paper deals with the principles of mediation and gives insights for maximising the chances of achieving success. It is backed by examples of real mediations using similar techniques but with different outcomes. It will also show why the vast majority of mediations succeed and the remaining few do not.
University-School Cluster as an Innovative Form for Teachers’ Professional Competence Development
Authors: Volodina Galina , Obolonskaya Alla , Ratt Tatyana
Published: July 2015

The paper describes relevancy, aim, scope and technologies of experimental activity conducted by HSE—Perm to set up a university and school cluster as an innovative form of enhancing Perm region teachers’ professional competencies. The authors describe organizational structure of the cluster, determine unique features of applied forms and techniques of cooperation among participants (high school and university teachers), and analyze the results of university and school cluster activities at the first stage of its development. Cluster is an organizational form of efforts combined to achieve competitive advantages in general education system. The key benefit of building clusters is that the educational market is entered by communities of concerned members, instead of individuals. University takes on a leadership role in innovating general education through: training and re-training human resources of general education; updating the syllabus; monitoring training materials and taking direct participation in their development; pursuing research (sociological, economical, psychological, legal, managerial) in education; monitoring quality of education process. The long-term innovative educational project “University and School Cluster” was launched in 2009. The paper compares quantitative measures of teachers’ subject-matter competencies at three stages of university and school cluster development (2009–2011).The authors consider the innovational aspects of cluster-based cooperation to be: advanced information and engineering support of subject departments; development and implementation of a special technology to monitor the level of teachers’ subject-matter competencies through the whole project; individual tutorial support for the process of enhancing teachers’ subject competencies; development of the university and school cluster website, an integrated interactive space for project participants, and filling it with appropriate methodological materials.
Analysis of an Academic Environment as a Place of Studies and Work
Authors: Sizykh Anastasiya
Published: July 2015

In order to find out the causes of universities’ waning popularity as a place of work, the researcher sets the following tasks: to analyze specific features of an academic career to determine at which stage it starts to lose its appeal; to reveal influences in choice of postgraduate courses as an alternative to introduction to the labour market, as well as to reveal influences in choice of a university as a place of work; to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of taking postgraduate courses and working at a university. The researcher conducted 27 semi-structured inter views with the facult y and postgraduates in th ree Russian higher education institutions and one Canadian one: the National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics, Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk) and University of Winnipeg (Winnipeg, Canada). On the basis of the findings maps of career lines are produced as patterns of changes in terms of positions (job positions or geographical ones) during a person’s job cycle; the research also revealed types of careers followers of which are of potential interest for Russian universities in terms of professional personnel reinforcement. The researcher found that motivation to take postgraduate courses is not limited by an interest to scientific work but is mostly connected to alternative objectives (like achieving a certain status, draft evasion) or to absence of any definite goal (reluctance to leave the university because of an attachment to it, a sense of discomfort because of the necessity to search for a job outside it). It is shown in the article that on the whole the academic career structure in Canada is similar to that in Russia, but perception of advantages and disadvantages of a work in an academic setting is different for each country.
Cartographic Encounters at the Bureau of Indian Affairs Geographic Information System Center of Calculation
Authors: Palmer Mark
Published: July 2015

The centering processes of geographic information system (GIS) development at the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was an extension of past cartographic encounters with American Indians through the central control of geospatial technologies, uneven development of geographic information resources, and extension of technically dependent clientele. Cartographic encounters included the historical exchanges of geographic information between indigenous people and non-Indians in North America. Scientists and technicians accumulated geographic information at the center of calculation where scientific maps, models, and simulations emerged. A study of GIS development at the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs will demonstrate some centering processes.
Life on the Hardened Border
Authors: Miller Bruce
Published: July 2015

The many Coast Salish groups distributed on both sides of the United States-Canada border on the Pacific coast today face significant obstacles to cross the international border, and in some cases are denied passage or intimidated into not attempting to cross. The current situation regarding travel by Aboriginal people reflects the "hardening" of the border by United States officials following the events of "9-11." A bureaucratic environment has become increasingly hostile to the interests of Aboriginal groups in favor of security. In addition, the problems encountered by individual Aboriginal travelers at the border reflect a transformed American impression of Canada, now commonly treated politically and administratively as a state from which enemies of America are positioned to harm American interests. These new perceptions create an environment that enables Homeland Security officers to regard Aboriginal peoples who seek to cross the border as suspect, although they do so under legal conventions that allow passage of Aboriginal peoples. Officers then act on their own received, stereotypical notions of what a "real Indian" looks like, and deny passage to those they consider to be fakes. These border issues reflect a larger pattern of the denial of Aboriginal rights and challenges to tribal sovereignty by the American state and its citizenry. Data for this work comes from interviews with Coast Salish people and the case of a Coast Salish man who was detained and prosecuted for attempting to cross the border. A justice summit held in 2003 provides direct insight into official American approaches to the border as they concern Aboriginal people, while reporting by the Seattle Times reveals local responses to 9-11.
A Clash of Native Space and Institutional Place in a Local Choctaw-Upper Creek Memory Site: Decolonizing Critiques and Scholar-Activist Interventions
Authors: Black Jason
Published: July 2015

This essay - a combination of authorial narrative and scholarly critique - examines a grassroots organization's (Friends of Historic Northport) campaign to preserve a site in west Alabama where a pivotal Choctaw-Upper Creek battle took place in 1785. The organization has faced opposition from city planners and business leaders intent on developing the site. I argue herein that these institutional agents have maneuvered within colonial contexts and neocolonial ideologies to mute the voices of indigenist-centered preservation efforts, mostly by occluding a key Native-centered narrative that affirms the battle's location. In the process, Native memories and indigenous "space" have been ignored, and a presentation of these memories has been left out of the "place" of the site. Here, Native memories are made illegitimate by the trumping of oral stories with paid-for physical evidence deemed authoritative as a part of municipal "governing rules." In addition to demystifying the institutional agents' colonial and neocolonial renderings, this essay offers an interventionist charge through prescriptive decolonial tactics to remedy this particular moment of neocolonization. These more local decolonial prescriptives are then extended to general struggles involving Native memory and "space."
"Our Mother Earth Is My Purpose": Recollections From Mr. Albert Smith, Na'ashó'ii dich'ízhii
Authors: Ross Annie
Published: July 2015

This article is based upon interviews dating from 1999 to 2010 with Mr. Albert Smith (Na'asho'ii dich'izhii), chronicling his personal experiences, motivation, purpose, and goal in serving in World War II as a code talker. He describes the iconic significance of his Navajo Code Talker uniform, and most importantly, how it symbolizes the Sacred Home/Land he worked to protect by serving in the US Marines during World War II. The article conveys firsthand information regarding indigenous environmental practice through warrior work, the role of spirituality in maintaining health, both in the field and upon return to home, and how Navajo worldview motivated his actions.
"There's Something in the Water": Salmon Runs and Settler Colonialism on the Columbia River
Authors: Schneider Lindsey
Published: July 2015

This paper seeks to decentralize the human and interrogate the ways in which settler colonialism shapes the land itself by engaging with indigenous epistemologies that take seriously notions of place, relationship with the land, and the spatially located lifeways of non-human beings. Analyzing public discourse around the ongoing lawsuit filed by the Humane Society against the states of Oregon and Washington and the Columbia River Indian tribes over the "humane" trapping and euthanizing of sea lions that endanger salmon populations, I reveal that the dominant rubric for human/"nature" relationships in the Northwest—shared natural resource management—has become ossified. By deconstructing the hegemonic notions of "nature" and the commons and to whom they belong that are encoded within the lawsuit, this paper demonstrates that the conquest of Native peoples and conquest of the land are co-constitutive, and that processes of settler colonialism must be considered in light of their geographically specific locations.
An Account of the Dakota-US War of 1862 as Sacred Text: Why My Dakota Elders Value Spiritual Closure over Scholarly "Balance"
Authors: Peacock John
Published: July 2015

Fluent Dakota-speaking elders Clifford Canku and Michael Simon have translated from Dakota into English fifty letters written by three-dozen Dakota prisoners of the 1862 US-Dakota War. Both translators are Dakota Presbyterian ministers as well as traditional Sun Dancers, and are descended from two of the letter writers. Many letter writers, like the translators, were Christian Dakota who still followed some of the traditional ways. Dr. Canku and Rev. Simon requested that I appear on several panels with them to put the project in historical context and speak about their translation process before audiences who were primarily non-Native. This essay presents the various historical perspectives I attempted to balance in these panel discussions, as well as my analysis of why the two elders ultimately decided to leave out this historical context and retain only my discussion of the translation process for their forthcoming book on the Dakota letters. They intend the book principally for Dakota young people and traditionalist elders.
"Aloha 'Oe": Settler-Colonial Nostalgia and the Genealogy of a Love Song
Authors: Imada Adria
Published: July 2015

Hawai'i's most renowned song, "Aloha 'Oe," was composed by Queen Lili'uokalani before she was deposed by missionary settlers. Circulating in the cultural imaginary since the late nineteenth century, "Aloha 'Oe" was transformed from a love song into a dirge that erased the sovereign rights of Lili'uokalani in and beyond Hawai'i. This article theorizes "settler colonial nostalgia" as a gendered material and symbolic process of effecting indigenous displacement and expropriation. Providing an alibi for settler society and its beneficiaries, performances of the song center settler subjects as nostalgic witnesses to, rather than participants in, the loss of the Hawaiian kingdom. Yet the politics of melancholy prove unstable, as Kanaka Maoli (Native Hawaiian) and islander musicians continue to resignify "Aloha 'Oe" as performances that sustain Native counter-hegemonies.
Stitching Osage Governance into the Future
Authors: Dennison Jean
Published: July 2015

The writers of the 2006 Osage Constitution had to work against processes of settler colonialism which attempt to deny Indigenous peoples a political future. The Constitution provides a foundation, but much work still remains in order to build a strong Osage Nation that can truly serve its people. This paper uses the metaphor of Osage ribbon work to envision such a future for Osage governance, moving away from the binaries that underwrite colonialism. Ribbon work reminds us that it is possible to create new and powerful forms out of an ongoing colonial process. In picking up the fabric both torn apart and created through the colonial process and stitching it into new patterns, Osage people must form the tangled ribbons of colonialism into unique structures that can serve Osage needs, artfully weaving the 2006 Constitution into something that can act, not as a pure alternative to modernity, but as something truly possible in this moment of colonial entanglement. In viewing the future potential of Osage governance as a purposeful process of cutting, folding, and stitching together, it is possible to speak to the challenges of this colonial moment without again denying the agency of Indigenous political formations.
A Tribalography of Alaska Native Presence in Academia
Authors: Perea Jessica
Published: July 2015

Studies on Alaska Natives in higher education draw attention to the need for indigenous-centered analyses that subvert potential erasures of their presence. This essay outlines a "tribalography of presence," an applied theoretical framework that interweaves indigenous knowledge with ethnography, historiography, and cultural theory, and privileges indigenous worldviews, acknowledges a diverse range of inter- and intratribal alliances and differentiations, and advocates for empowerment and healing. Its implications are discussed in part through a brief description and analysis of the "Alaska Native Scholars Project," a work in progress that documents a lineage of Alaska Natives who have earned research doctoral degrees.
Making It Real: An Engaged Approach for Native American Students in Higher Education
Authors: Klasky Philip
Published: July 2015

This essay responds to two questions: What barriers do Native American and Alaska Native students face in higher education? How are these barriers to student success being addressed theoretically and practically? I address these questions with recommendations for a critical pedagogy applied to the classroom, and with a description of learning experiences outside of the classroom that I have found to be engaging and empowering for Native American students.
The Tribal Learning Community & Educational Exchange: Examining the Space between the "Us-Them" Binary
Authors: Rivera DeAnna
Published: July 2015

As part of the UCLA university setting, the Tribal Learning Community & Educational Exchange is built into the colonizing narrative and yet aims to address and foster decolonizing narratives. Indeed, as a program it not only exists between that "us-them" barrier but is designed to address that barrier. As the former director, I am aware of its presence between. This article discusses the Tribal Learning Community & Educational Exchange (TLCEE) and how it functions to allow productivity in that space. TLCEE's vision is to make higher education accessible to citizens of Native nations in several ways: on campus, online, and through in-person workshops in the communities.
"Until People Are Given the Right to Be Human Again": Voices of American Indian Men on Domestic Violence and Traditional Cultural Values
Authors: Matamonasa-Bennett Arieahn
Published: July 2015

Domestic violence is a serious social problem in contemporary American Indian communities and research is critical to create and evaluate prevention and intervention strategies. This small qualitative study sought to discover the ways in which men from a single reservation community with histories of domestic violence define and perceive domestic violence within the cultural context. The narratives held themes of intergenerational family violence and dysfunction, alcoholism, racism, isolation, deep grief, and remorse. Each of the narratives also revealed themes of healing and hope through connecting with elders, learning spiritual traditions and strengthening cultural identity as a means for achieving sobriety and lives of nonviolence.