bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Braking force measurement errors on a stand with horizontal support discs
Authors: Blyankinshtein I. M. , Tarasov P. M.
Published: December 2023

The authors have developed and are investigating the original design of a stand for testing the braking properties and suspension of wheeled vehicles, which provides the shape of the tyre contact spot with the support surface closest to real road conditions. The originality of the stand was confirmed by the decision to grant a patent for an invention of the Russian Federation. The advantages of implementing the proposed stand design, as well as disadvantages and ways to overcome them, are considered.
Stress state of the half-space of soil under the action of a single pile
Authors: Salikhova Zulfiya , Rikhsieva Barno , Khusanov Bakhtiyar
Published: December 2023

Determining the stress state and bearing capacity of piles and soil is an important task in geotechnics. There are experimental and theoretical methods for assessing the stress state and bearing capacity of piles and soil. In this article, using the stress function, the axisymmetric problem of the stress state of an elastic half-space of soil under the action of a single pile is solved. Formulas for stresses in soil are derived and integral estimates of the influence of the pile length on the stress state are conducted. When performing an integral assessment, it was found that when using the analytical method of research, instead of a finite pile, it is quite acceptable to consider an infinite one, the difference will be insignificant. The resulting formulas for calculating the stresses arising in soil make it possible to evaluate the bearing capacity of a pile.
Comparative assessments of the effectiveness of health care and health saving institutions in Russian regions
Authors: Shibalkov Ivan , Nedospasova Olga , Barysheva Galina , Pavlova Irina , Boikov Vadim
Published: December 2023

The relevance of the study is related to the global controversy about the indicators of "impact on the determinants of health and reduction of health inequalities" proposed by the WHO European Committee in the framework of the policy "Health 2020". The aim of the work is to test the hypothesis that the level of development of formal and informal norms and rules, established in the spheres of health care and health saving and at their intersections, affects the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of health of an individual, groups of people, the population as a whole, and also significantly determines the regional differentiation of the analysed parameters. Based on the results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the functioning of health care and health-saving institutions using the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method, the assumption about the influence of the level of development of health care and health-saving institutions on the dynamics of preservation and accumulation of health capital of senior citizens was confirmed. The novelty of the study is the use of DEA methodology "at the input" - resource indicators characterising health care and health saving in the Russian Federation in the regional aspect, and at the output - subjective assessments of satisfaction of the elderly with the work of the analysed institutions. Proposals on transformations necessary to improve the effectiveness of health care and health-saving institutions as an important condition for reducing regional inequality in health for the elderly citizens are formulated.
Methodological issues for the formation of reliable and efficient district-distributed heating systems
Authors: Postnikov Ivan
Published: December 2023

The general methodological issues for the formation and operation of district-distributed heating systems are formulated, including determining the areas of economic efficiency of district and distributed (prosumer sectors) heat supply to consumers, reliability analysis and synthesis, as well as economic analysis of failed conditions of the system (determination of damage from undersupply of thermal energy). Methodological provisions for solving these problems are proposed, structured in the form of a general algorithm with connection of problems, methods and results.
Simplified topological algorithm for forming a steady mode of electric power system
Authors: Jandigulov Abdygali , Rauan Korgaubek , Bystrova Svetlana
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the possibility of simplifying the algorithms for forming the parameters of the steady state mode of a complex electrical network, using the independence of the currents of its equivalent circuit. In this case, all independent currents of a complex circuit of an electrical network must be found in advance, which is, in the general case, a rather difficult task, since it requires additional calculations of the steady state. The matrix of current distribution coefficients, formalized on the basis of the topology of the electrical network, can be used to directly determine the currents in the branches of its equivalent circuit. This allows you to preliminarily estimate the values of pre-selected independent currents in the circuit branches of a complex electrical network and determine its simplified design scheme. In this case, a calculation model is established, consisting of some trees of a complex electrical network graph.
Assessment of energy security levels objects using complexes data collection, processing and management
Authors: Sultanov Mahsud , Boldyrev Ilya , Ivanitckii Maksim , Shamigulov Petr
Published: December 2023

The results of the development of a methodology for assessing the safety levels of energy facilities are presented. Energy security indicators are proposed, the values of which determine the degree of possible threat in the operation of the energy facility under consideration. The results obtained in the work can be used to determine the level of safety of the operation of TPP power units.
Stability margins monitoring system performance evaluation for various methods of transfer capacity calculations with transient stability constraints
Authors: Neuymin Vladimir , Mashalov Eugene , Aleksandrov Aleksander , Snegirev Denis , Klassen Viktor , Teplukhin Daniil
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this work is to determine ways to increase the performance of available power transfer capacity analysis with transient stability constraints, as well as to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed methods. A number of developed methods for performance improvement of available power transfer capacity (APTC) analysis with transient stability (TS) constraints in the stability margins monitoring system (SMMS) were discussed in this article, in particular: network reduction, transient stability analysis with implicit integration method, parallel computing of contingencies, and sequential TS simulations startup. In addition, evaluations of the method’s accuracy of APTC calculations with TS constraints for various power transmissions were carried out.
Cable technology as a complex, multicomponent intelligent system providing high accuracy, reliability and safety
Authors: Ivanova Vera , Tsypkina Victoria
Published: December 2023

Cable production consists of complex technological processes focused on the production of cable products with high operational reliability and fire safety. The article analyzes the main problematic issues that arise in the development of intelligent systems focused on information processing with advanced management functions, especially in the conditions of emerging technological uncertainties associated with the use of various production technologies. The classification of technological uncertainties of cable production is given and recommendations are developed for the selection of complex control systems integrated into existing technological processes to ensure modern requirements for the operational reliability of cable products. The main results on the development of a control system as a complex, multicomponent intelligent system that ensures high accuracy, reliability and safety of the production process of manufacturing cable and wire products are presented.
Intelligent approach to power system management during well drilling in terms of environmental impact
Authors: Makhmudov N.N. , Akhmedova N.A. , Sulitanofu K.M.
Published: December 2023

An autonomous hybrid power system is an intelligent power installation that provides electricity to isolated consumers without being connected to the power grid. The introduction of autonomous hybrid power systems in the oil and gas industry is considered as an option to improve energy and environmental security. As a rule, oil and gas fields are located remotely and off the grid, and therefore electricity is generated using diesel generators. This article discusses the possibility of reducing emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere by using an autonomous hybrid installation as a source of electrical energy.
Algorithms for synthesis of control systems for dynamic objects based on the modal method
Authors: Sevinov Jasur , Boeva Oqila
Published: December 2023

Algorithms for the synthesis of control systems for dynamic objects based on the modal method are given. Algorithms have been developed for determining the placement of poles in multidimensional systems with proportional-differential feedback on the output, providing the desired distributions on the complex plane of the eigenvalues of the matrix of a closed system. Algorithms for selecting feedback in control systems of dynamic objects are proposed, which allow for stable identification of the coefficients of the equations of the object and the observed values of the object used in the control device. Adaptive algorithms have been developed to place poles of non-minimal-phase stochastic systems in the presence of white noise at the output, which makes it possible to exclude the operation of matrix inversion, which requires significant computational costs. Adaptive control algorithms based on the modal method have been developed for dynamic objects with a delay under conditions of a priori uncertainty and unsteadiness of technological process parameters, providing exponential dissipativity of the control process. Based on the developed regular algorithms, an adaptive control system for the synthesis of ammonia is proposed.
Cumulative generation of electricity from the wind of passing vehicles and natural wind in the Bukhara region of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Akhmedov Abduraxmon , Khudoyberganov Sardorbek
Published: December 2023

Wind energy occupies are a rather important place in the balance of global “green” generation. Wind energy directly depends on the wind speed in the region under consideration. The highest average wind speed during the year is observed in the Bukhara region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Vertical wind generators are widely used to collect the energy of natural wind and air movement generated by traffic into electricity. In order to effectively use the power of natural wind and air turbulence that occurs during the movement of vehicles, it is proposed to install vertical wind generators on the side of highways of international importance in the Bukhara region at certain intervals of the road.
Methods and algorithms for determining the optimal structure of the telecommunications power supply system based on morphological synthesis
Authors: Qodirov Fazliddin
Published: December 2023

It is necessary to develop design principles and methods based on morphological synthesis and analysis of technical solutions to solve the problem of optimal design of power supply systems for a telecommunications power supply system. The essence of the morphological method is that it is necessary to determine several morphological features (typicality, specificity, differentiation) that are important for the problem being solved, and to make all possible combinations of these features (parameters). Its advantage over other methods is that, taking into account the various structural and parametric characteristics of the power supply system, it is possible to analyze the functional characteristics of the power supply system, its actions in a dynamic mode under the influence of changes in the network, load and change the mode of the operation. This article studys the optimal structure of the telecommunications power supply system.
Restoration of the red deer population as a factor in the ecological and economic development of the region
Authors: Zhichkin Kirill , Nosov Vladimir , Pronin Evgeny , Korshikova Elena , Zhichkina Lyudmila
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the issues of restoration of biological resources in forestry in the Samara region. The proposed creation of farms for the reproduction of large animals that were subjected to barbaric extermination in the nineties will solve not only the environmental problem, but will provide the opportunity to create a base for providing hunting services to the population, reducing pressure from poachers, and increasing the profitability of forests as economic objects. One of the species subject to population restoration is red deer (Cervus elaphus L.). Its number decreased to 310 heads (1997). Currently it is 1190 heads (2022). In the Samara region, red deer are found annually in the territory of 6-7 municipal districts out of 27. The number and spatial distribution of deer, like other ungulates, have annual fluctuations and are a vector indicator of the relationship between natural and anthropogenic factors. Creation of a farm for 210 heads. It will allow you to annually raise up to 60 animals, which can be released into the wild. To provide feed, about 500 hectares of agricultural land will be required. Project efficiency indicators: - the payback period of the project was 77 months; - discounted payback period – 101 months; - net present value – 2419.0 thousand rubles; - internal rate of return – 13.06%.
The effect of fertilizer rate on the growth, development and yield of sweet pepper in protected areas
Authors: Amanturdiev Ilhom , Yazdonov Ulugbek , Lukova Iroda , Dzhurakulov Husan , Shamsiev Anvar
Published: December 2023

The article presents information on the development of the root system when the Marjona variety and the Zombello F1 hybrid of sweet pepper are grown in the conditions of greenhouses in the meadow gray soils of Samarkand region, Samarkand district, with different fertilizer rates. Key words: Grassy gray soil, protected land, sweet pepper variety Marjona, Zombello F1 hybrid, fertilizer rates and yield.
Influence of planting scheme on growth, development and yield of chickpea
Authors: Mustanov S.B. , Isakova E.Z. , Khamdamova E.I.
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results on growth, development and productivity are given for various planting patterns of the chickpea variety Umid, row spacing of 60 and 70 cm and bush spacing from 3 cm to 15 cm in meadow conditions of the Zeravshan valley. The yield varies depending on the width of the row spacing and the thickness of the bush, the highest productivity was noted with a row spacing of 60 cm and amounted to 22.7 t/ha. The lowest yield was 14.2 t/h with a scheme of 70x15 cm.
Studying the response of seedlings peas to soaking seeds tropylated aniline
Authors: Mudrykh Natalia , Akent’eva Tatiana , Zhakova Svetlana , Zemlyannikova Mariya
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of laboratory model experiment to study the responsiveness of peas to synthesized organic compound (tropylated aniline). When seeds are treated with substance in concentrations from 1×10-5% to 1×10-3% an increase in the mass 1 plant of pea. With an increase in the concentration of the substance up to 1×10-2% in the solution, the negative effect of the studied preparation on the plant increase. An inverse correlation has been established between aniline concentrations and biometric parameters of pea seedlings. Aniline had a mathematically proven positive effect on the concentration of soluble protein in sprouts and peroxidase activity in the roots of pea plants
Settlement land analysis for sustainable economic development in Russia
Authors: Ovchinnikova Natalia , Aliyeva Natalia , Petrova Irina
Published: December 2023

The largest part of the population of the Russian Federation (RF) is concentrated in settlements. The lands of settlements play an important role in the life of society, fulfilling the function of territorial and spatial basis. Occupying a relatively small area compared to the entire territory, these lands are the place of residence of the majority of the population. The lands occupied by settlements are intended for the location of cities, towns, rural settlements, and real estate objects that ensure the vital activity of the population. Land legislation singles out these lands as a separate category of lands. The spatial and land resources basis of urban and rural settlements consists of territories within the established borders (boundaries) of urban and rural settlements, as well as everything that is above and below the surface of these territories (Article 38 of the Town Planning Code). It should be noted that the inclusion of land plots within the boundaries of settlements does not entail the termination of the right of ownership, land tenure, land use and lease rights to these plots. However, in this case land tax rates are changed. Inclusion of land plots in the boundaries of settlements does not entail termination of the rights of owners of land plots, land users, landowners, and lessees of land plots. In modern conditions, the development of territories of settlements is an important area contributing to sustainable economic development in Russia.
Social issues of rural areas: social media open data analysis
Authors: Shchekotin Evgeniy
Published: December 2023

This article offers a new approach to study social issues in Russian rural settlements. Our approach is based on the analysis of digital footprints left by the rural population in the largest Russian social network VKontakte (VK). Our approach is based on the social media data and two methods of the digital analysis – big data and data mining. For this study we used negative-sounding messages and posts published in some communities of rural settlements from 10 (out of 85) Russian regions. We used PolyAnalyst software for the automatic analysis of such messages to identify 10 groups of issues deteriorating quality of life in those rural settlements. These issues include those of the housing and utilities infrastructure, of the capital improvement and of the transportation infrastructure; environmental issues, issues with availability and poor quality of the telecommunication and banking infrastructure; healthcare and education issues; safety issues; various economic issues; issues related to homeless and neglected animals (dogs); alcohol abuse and inefficiency of the authorities in rural settlements.
Effective utilization of Coal Fly Ash (CFA): perspectives and opportunities in various industrial sectors and hydrocarbon extraction processes
Authors: Klimov Dmitry
Published: December 2023

The global ecological problem associated with the efficient utilization of coal fly ash (CFA) requires serious attention and immediate measures for its resolution. According to studies, huge volumes of CFA are generated annually, but only 25% of the waste undergoes proper disposal. To overcome this alarming situation, a focus on increasing the utilization of CFA in various industrial sectors is necessary. The potential applications of coal ash in construction, electronics, resource recovery, wastewater treatment, agriculture, and other sectors are promising and require further research. Of particular interest is the use of CFA in industrial processes for hydrocarbon extraction. The physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of ash, such as morphology, surface area, porosity, and chemical composition, make it suitable for various wellbore processes. Increasing the applicability of CFA in different industrial sectors and its use in hydrocarbon extraction processes would significantly enhance waste utilization levels and reduce negative impacts on the environment.
Development tools of rural tourism in the Rostov region
Authors: Degtyaryova Tatiana , Shcherbakova Nadezhda , Kalinina Natalya , Shitova Elena
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study is to determine the vector of rural tourism development in the Rostov region. The leading research methods are the method of analysis of regulatory legal documents, analytical, scientific and other materials, analysis and generalisation of the obtained research results. In the research process, the authors define the role of rural tourism in the tourism development process in the Rostov region, determine the problems and prospects of rural tourism development, and offer recommendations for its development in the interests of the local community of the territory. The obtained results show the presence of tourism potential for the development of species diversity, including unique subspecies of rural tourism in the Rostov region. The materials of the article have scientific and practical significance, as they can be used by all stakeholders, both in further research in the field of rural tourism, and in tourism master-planning, as well as in the formation of tourist offer and attractiveness of rural areas of the region.
Comprehensive studies of river mouths flowing into the Onezhskiy Bay of the White Sea
Authors: Tolstikov Alexey , Galakhina Natalia , Belevich Tat’yana
Published: December 2023

Comprehensive oceanological studies depending on the tidal phase are important for an objective assessment of the patterns of biogeochemical parameters in the White Sea. Rivers are the main contributors of pollutants from the watershed to the White Sea. The studies of the mouths flowing into the Onezhskiy Bay of the White Sea were carried out from June 20 to June 28, 2023. The distributions of hydrophysical, hydrochemical and biological parameters were obtained depending on the phase of the tidal cycle. The maximum of total phosphorus content was observed in the Nizhny Vyg River Mouth – 42 μg/l, the highest concentration of total nitrogen was in the Onega River Mouth – 0.37 mg N/l. In the mouth of the Kem’ River, concentration of ammonium nitrogen prevailed among inorganic forms, like directly in the river, which indicates anthropogenic impact. The highest values of chlorophyll-a were observed at the most desalinated station, in the Onega River the highest were detected – 2.20 mg/m3. The influence of the phases of the tidal cycle in the study area on the spatial and temporal variability of environmental characteristics was manifested in changes in temperature and salinity.
Biochar made from chicken manure - a fertilizer that can ensure the carbon neutrality of agricultural soils in conditions of elevated temperatures
Authors: Kuryntseva Polina , Galieva Gulnaz , Pavlova Yuliya , Galitskaya Polina , Selivanovskaya Svetlana
Published: December 2023

Amendment of soil with biochar instead of mineral or organic fertilizers might be one of techniques wich reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. The effect of biochar based on chicken manure on the biomass and respiratory activity of agricultural soil microorganisms was evaluated in lab conditions at normal (average climatic norm for the vegetation season in central Russia, 15 °C) and elevated (25 and 35 °C) temperatures. It was shown that the introduction of 10% biochar by mass did not lead to an increase emission of CO2 from the soil relative to the control at 15 °C for 60 days of the experiment. An increase in temperature caused an increase in carbon dioxide emissions from the control soil by 35% and 91% and a decrease in moisture by 24% and 42% at 25 and 35°C, respectively. Microbial biomass increased in the control soil by 32% at 25°C and decreased by 34% at 35°C. Soil amendment with biochar led to the leveling of the effect of elevated temperatures on all three parameters. Thus, biochar made from chicken manure allowed one of the characteristics of soil fertility to be preserved and did not lead to the loss of greenhouse gases.
Creation of an electromechanical model of an exoskeleton link in the form of Lagrange-Maxwell equations for agricultural mechanization
Authors: Blinov Alexander , Borisov Andrey , Konchina Larisa , Kulikova Marina , Maslova Kseniia
Published: December 2023

The electromechanical model of exoskeleton link has been developed for agricultural mechanization. First, a differential equation of link motion was compiled without taking into account electric drives in the form of the Lagrange equation of the second kind. For it, the inverse and direct problems of dynamics are solved. Then, this equation takes into account the influence of the rotating rotor and the gear ratio of the gearbox on the dynamics of the link. For this model, the direct problem of dynamics is solved. A significant influence on the results of the numerical solution for taking into account the rotating rotor of the electric drive has been established. Then the system of differential equations, describing dynamics of the controlled motion of the model, in the form of Lagrange-Maxwell equations has been composed. The local system of coordinates has been applied in the model, since the electric drive changes the angles between the links. Direct and inverse dynamics problems have been solved. The comparative analysis of the models with electric drive and without it has been made. It has been established that taking into account the electrical drive system allows achieving good results in modeling accuracy.
Automation, robotization of agriculture in Russia
Authors: Beksultanova Aybika , Dzhankhotova Petmat , Shardan Saida
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the topic of digital transformation has become increasingly relevant for most Russian companies that include issues of digitalization of business processes in their strategic development agenda. Currently, digital transformation has become a sought-after tool for creating business conditions adequate to the COVID-19 pandemic; achieving sustainable development of the company in conditions of uncertainty; reducing the cost of developing new products and the time of their introduction to the market; implementation of modern approaches to the formation of new qualities of the company and its compliance with the trend of constant acceleration of scientific and technological progress. Russian companies have realized the importance and advantages of digital transformation: the number of companies implementing a systematic approach to digital transformation and implementing them within the framework of a special strategy has doubled over the past two years. The logical consequence is the growth of digital maturity of companies. The article systematizes global trends in the spread of digital technologies in the field of agriculture. Based on statistical observation data, quantitative results of the use of digital technologies in agriculture are presented. The purpose of this article is to identify the problem of low use of digital technology in agriculture. The current state of the use of digital technologies in this industry is shown, as well as recommendations on measures to support the digital transformation of industry in the current conditions are given.
Multispectral drone imaging technology in agriculture
Authors: Britvina V.V. , Gavrilyuk A.V. , Nurgazina G.E. , Mukhanov S.A. , Borisova E.V.
Published: December 2023

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used in various agricultural sectors to conduct important analyses and scans. They help identify bacteria, fungi, areas that require irrigation, and more. The agricultural industry in developed countries like Russia, the United States, and the European Union is widely considered to be the leading user of UAV technologies. Products with UAV engines are extensively integrated into these agricultural systems, essentially revolutionizing the agrarian sector. Drones play a crucial role in modern agricultural production through their three-dimensional and high-precision real-time analysis, measuring overall soil conditions, planting patterns, and ultimately providing vital data for optimal irrigation and nitrogen requirements.
Mathematical modeling of adsorption isotherms of water vapour on polymeric ionites used in agrochemical practice
Authors: Ivanov I.V. , Ivanova O.K.
Published: December 2023

Polymeric ion-exchange materials (ionites) are used in agriculture to make substrates for complete and long-term plant nutrition. The main nutrients in bound form are contained on the ion-exchange groups of the ionite. The degree of dissociation of these groups, and thus the release of ions into the soil, depends on the moisture content. In case of heavy rainfall and during drought, the exchange properties of the ionite will be different. Therefore, the study of water adsorption in such ionites is a rather urgent problem. In this work, the water vapour adsorption by ionites is studied using a thermodynamic model that incorporates the interplay between changes in the energy of dissociation of ion-exchange groups and the osmotic effect. Within the framework of this approach adsorption isotherms are built in the range of air humidity from 0,1 to 1 at physically reasonable values of system parameters. Isotherms have a characteristic inflection point in the area of medium humidity, which allows them to be attributed to isotherms of the fifth type. The obtained model isotherms describe adsorption in mesoporous and microporous materials, which are ionites, and fully correspond to experimental adsorption isotherms of this type.
The effectiveness of using the microbial synthesis protein “Gaprin” in feeding juvenile Australian red-clawed crayfish
Authors: Dudorov Vladislav , Novokshchenova Anna , Kravchenko Yuri , Randelin Dmitry , Agapova Vasilina
Published: December 2023

In the conditions of the scientific center “Breeding valuable breeds of sturgeon” of the Volgograd State Agrarian University, the effectiveness of replacing 75% of fishmeal in the feed for juvenile Australian red claw crayfish with microbial protein - haprin has been experimentally proven. The influence of experimental feeds on weight gain, linear indicators and survival of individuals was studied, and their economic efficiency was determined. Practical recommendations have been developed to allow the implementation of the developed recipe at aquaculture enterprises containing Australian red-claw crayfish.
Ecological and geographical aspects of land using in forming agrolandscapes
Authors: Suyunov Abdusali , Khushmurodov Farrukh , Suyunov Shukhrat , Hamdamova Dinora , Aminjanova Malika
Published: December 2023

The study of agro-landscapes for agricultural use is of the utmost importance in assessing their potential and premeditatedly organizing their change as a result of anthropogenic impacts. The use of nature in the irrigated lands of the Kashkadarya oasis is illustrated in terms of nature protection for landscapes restoration. The article discusses the role of the principles of optimizing the use of natural and anthropogenic resources in highly developing landscapes in order to increase the competitiveness of agriculture in landscape development. The scientific significance of the research results is the scientific-theoretical conclusions, recommendations, cartographic and other primary materials in the dissertation, the separation, description, evaluation of agrolandscapes in the Kashkadarya region for agricultural purposes, and strict control in order to eliminate the negative effects of desertification processes on the environment. it is determined by taking it under and serving to eliminate the problems related to them. The landscape-ecological conditions of the irrigated areas for use in the activities of agricultural departments, ecology and environmental protection were evaluated and described on the example of the Karshi deserts.
Analysis of crown features ofAcer negundoL. individuals in forest parks of Yekaterinburg based on light parameters
Authors: Montile Andrey , Tishkina Elena
Published: December 2023

The article studies the adaptation mechanism of the spread ofAcer negundoL. using the example of habitats in the Central and Karasye-Ozersky forest parks. Lighting parameters in different parts of the crown ofAcer negundoin virginal individuals, as well as the ability to intercept light, were studied. The percentage of light interception by the entire crown is 68.26% and 55.05% forAcer negundohabitats, respectively. Most of the set of lighting parameters correlate with each other to varying degrees, but their correlation with crown heights and diameters was not found. Lighting in the middle of the crown and under the crown is significantly less for habitats in Central Park, which is confirmed by analysis using the Mann-Whitney test, and the interception of light by both the upper half of the crown and the entire crown of trees in a given habitat is significantly greater. Differences in light interception values may be associated with differences in the parameters of tree crowns, possibly with a significant difference in heights. The tendency of the “aggressor” species to seize territory continues to this day, and this situation is typical for many regions of Russia, therefore it is necessary to monitor the state of ecosystems.
Comparison on effect of mowing and spring burning on the occurrence of grassland plants in Western Siberia (preliminary results)
Authors: Lednev Sergey , Semenkov Ivan , Koroleva Tatyana
Published: December 2023

This article provides data on changes in the occurrence of plant species in grassland communities after the spring fire and the subsequent cessation of mowing in comparison with regularly mowed communities. It has been established that burning more often leads to a decrease in the occurrence of the species than to an increase. At the same time, for most species values are restored within 1 to 3 growing seasons.
Research on the transmission of electric power via the increased frequency coaxial line to a remote low-power load (consumer)
Authors: Zakharov Yuri , Mikheev Dmitry
Published: December 2023

The article gives the analyses of the existing limitations in the transmission of electric power to a remote low-power load (consumer) and the alternative system of an increased frequency electric power supply is offered. The primary parameters of an increased frequency coaxial line are examined at different operating modes. It is shown that in the study progress the influence of the equipotential surface of the Earth’s field on the primary parameters of an increased frequency coaxial line was identified. The calculation methodology of the primary parameters of an increased frequency coaxial line is given taking into consideration the influence of the equipotential surface of the Earth’s field. The obtained results can be used at the designing of increased frequency electric power supply systems for remote low-power loads (consumers).
Digitale Spiele zur Förderung von körperlicher
Aktivität und Fitness: Aktueller Stand, Chancen und
Herausforderungen
Authors: Dadaczynski Kevin
Published: December 2023

Trotz umfangreicher Präventionsbemühungen weisen
repräsentative Studien darauf hin, dass der Anteil an körperlich
inaktiven Menschen ungebrochen hoch und infolge der COVID-19 Pandemie sogar
gestiegen ist. Seit etwa 15 Jahren werden in Deutschland zunehmend
Bemühungen erkennbar, Interventionen um spielerische Komponenten
anzureichern bzw. eigenständige digitale Spielanwendungen zur
Förderung von körperlicher Aktivität und Fitness zu
etablieren. Dieser Beitrag zielt darauf ab, neben den konzeptionellen
Ansätzen den aktuellen Stand der Wirksamkeit von digitalen
Spielanwendungen zur Förderung von körperlicher
Aktivität aufzuzeigen. Überdies werden deutsche
Interventionsbeispiele exemplarisch vorgestellt und Chancen sowie
künftiger Herausforderungen skizziert.
Digitalisierung im DVGS – ein
Update
Authors: Streber Rene , Peters Stefan , Baldus Angelika
Published: December 2023

Der Megatrend der Digitalisierung verändert vielfältige Bereich
des täglichen Lebens und Arbeitens. Das trifft im Speziellen auch auf
das deutsche Gesundheitswesen zu, womit vielfältige neue, digitale
Leistungen und Gesundheitsangebote entstehen.

In den letzten Jahren wurde das Thema der Digitalisierung gezielt in die
Verbandsstruktur und -prozesse des DVGS e. V. integriert. Dies geht einher mit
dessen satzungsgemäßen Aufgaben sowie den Zielsetzungen
Qualitätssicherung und Professionalisierung. Über die Zeit wird
auch die entwickelte Digitalisierungsstrategie des Verbands stets
weiterentwickelt. Dies ist ein dynamischer und fortwährender
Prozess.

Der vorliegende Artikel aktualisiert den Überblick über
wesentliche Maßnahmen dieser Digitalisierungsstrategie in Bezug auf die
bedeutenden Tätigkeitsbereiche des DVGS wie das Lehrgangswesen,
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, Gremienarbeit sowie die
sport-/bewegungstherapeutische Versorgung. Es werden die DVGS E-Coach
Lizenz und die DVGS Long-/Post-Covid Lizenz dargestellt. Weitere
Digitalisierungsmaßnahmen im Service-Bereich werden ebenso
thematisiert.
Update 2023: Die mitochondriale Toxizität von
Arzneimitteln
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Schütz Burkhard
Published: December 2023

Mitochondrien sind aufgrund der komplexen und vulnerablen Morphologie und ihrer
zahlreichen Funktionen häufig das Ziel arzneimittelbedingter
Schäden, die v. a. mit Störung der oxidativen
Kapazität und Anstieg an oxidativem Stress verbunden sind.
Arzneimittelgruppen mit mitochondrialer Toxizität sind bes.
Chemotherapeutika, Kardiaka und Antihypertonika, aber auch Antidiabetika,
Statine, Analgetika, Antibiotika und weitere. Mitochondriopathien können
alle Organe betreffen bis hin zu schweren Multiorganerkrankungen. Beschrieben
werden schwere Leberschäden durch Paracetamol und Valproinsäure,
Muskelschäden bei Statintherapie und Laktatazidose unter Metformin sowie
deren Behandlung bzw. Prophylaxe durch Supplementierung von
Mikronährstoffen.
Gesundheit von Säuglingen und Kindern: Auf den
Biofaktorenstatus achten
Authors: Birkelbach Daniela , Kisters Klaus , Classen Hans-Georg
Published: December 2023

Eine optimale Versorgung mit Biofaktoren wie Vitaminen, Mineralstoffen und
Spurenelementen ist essenziell für die körperliche und geistige
Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen und spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der
Prävention von Erkrankungen. Bereits in der Schwangerschaft sollte auf
eine ausreichende Versorgung der Mutter mit Vitamin B12 und Vitamin D
geachtet werden. Zusammenhänge zwischen Vitamin-D- oder Magnesiummangel
und ADHS werden beschrieben.
Brain Fog: Nebel im Kopf
Authors: Gröber Uwe
Published: December 2023

Brain Fog ist eine kognitive Störung, die oft in Zusammenhang mit
geringgradigen Entzündungen steht. Neben psychischen Belastungen
können auch Erkrankungen mit Beteiligung der Nerven Auslöser
sein. Die Symptomatik mit Antriebslosigkeit, Konzentrationsproblemen, geistiger
Erschöpfung u. a. ähnelt jener der Fatigue. Im
Mittelpunkt von Diagnostik und Therapie stehen Entzündungsparameter und
die mitochondriale Integrität. Infusionen mit
(Mikro-)Nährstoffen haben sich wg. schneller Wirkung und guter
Bioverfügbarkeit bewährt.
NAD+– ein alter Bekannter aus den
Anfängen der Orthomolekularen Medizin
Authors: Gröber Uwe
Published: December 2023

Niedrige NAD+-Spiegel werden mit Alterungsprozessen und
Alterskrankheiten wie Diabetes Typ 2 und Alzheimer-Demenz in Verbindung
gebracht. NAD+kann de novo aus L-Tryptophan oder aus
Nicotinsäure in der Nahrung synthetisiert, aber auch im Stoffwechsel
recycelt werden. Das elektrophile Pyridinnukleotid ist an multiplen
Stoffwechselreaktionen beteiligt und essenziell für die Aktivierung von
mitochondrialer Elektronentransportkette und ATP-Produktion. Im Alter nehmen
zelluläre und molekulare Läsionen zu und übersteigen die
Kapazität körpereigener Reparaturmechanismen. Die
Erhöhung des zellulären NAD+-Gehalts
führt zur Aktivierung von Sirtuinen, die lebensverlängernd und
stressabwehrend wirken. Ersten Studien zufolge scheint die Wiederherstellung des
NAD+-Status ein vielversprechender therapeutischer Ansatz
zur Behandlung altersbedingter Erkrankungen zu sein. Die beste Wirkung zeigen
langsame Infusionen mit NAD+.
Residency Education Practices in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Dimitroyannis Rose , Thodupunoori Sharanya , Polster Sean P. , Das Paramita , Roxbury Christopher R.
Published: December 2023

Background There has been increased interest in how residents train in the subspecialty of skull base surgery. Examining which training methods are popular and effective to optimize residency learning is necessary, especially with new training adjuncts available to the modern trainee. In this study, we survey North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) members to analyze endoscopic skull base surgery education methods.

Methods The NASBS membership was surveyed regarding endoscopic skull base surgery teaching and feedback methods using a Likert scale via an anonymized REDCap form over 4 months.

Results With a response rate of 10.1%, we found that informal teaching methods and verbal qualitative feedback were rated significantly more effective than other teaching and feedback methods (p < 0.01). When comparing the opinions of otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons, otolaryngologists were less likely to believe feedback is most effective with a shared grading scale (p < 0.01). Physicians with more than 10 years of experience posttraining felt model- and rubric-based teaching were used more frequently (p < 0.01). Respondents indicated that standardization and use of simulation, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality should be at the forefront of educational practices used in the field in the coming 5 to 10 years.

Conclusion Despite the current emphasis on informal training, respondents pointed to standardization and simulation as methods of endoscopic skull base surgery education that should be used more in the future. These results indicate an unmet need in skull base education. Future multi-institutional initiatives with NASBS membership participation are warranted.
Near-field heat transfer between disordered conductors
Authors: Kamenev Alex
Published: December 2023

Heat transfer mediated by near-field fluctuations of the electromagnetic field was studied. In the case of metals, the latter are dominated by Coulomb interactions between thermal fluctuations of electronic density. It was shown that an elastic scattering of electrons, leading to a diffusive propagation of density fluctuations, results in a qualitative change of the radiation law. While the heat flux between clean metals follows the Stefan–Boltzmann-like T4 dependence, the heat exchange between disordered conductors is significantly enhanced and scales as T3 at low temperatures.
From mallees to mountain ash, specific leaf area is coordinated with eucalypt tree stature, resprouting, stem construction, and fruit size
Authors: Portelli Antoinette M. , Windecker Saras M. , Pollock Laura J. , Neal Will C. , Morris William K. , Khot Rohan , Vesk Peter A.
Published: December 2023

Context The radiation of eucalypts into almost every Australian environment offers valuable insights to plant ecological strategies. Aims We aimed to assess the degree to which functional traits across different organs are independent or reflect coordinated strategies in southern eucalypts. Methods We applied ordinary and phylogenetic generalised least squares regressions to 164 southern Australian taxa, examining the network of pairwise relationships between 10 functional traits representing aspects of stature, leaf economics, reproduction and post-fire regeneration. We examined coordination and modularity in this network and estimated how phylogeny affects observed trait correlations. Results Stem and stature traits were generally independent of reproductive traits, with Specific Leaf Area the most connected trait, being correlated with traits from all organs. Resprouting ability was also connected to several traits. Species able to resprout basally, but not epicormically, were on average shorter, stouter, with higher stem sapwood density, thinner bark, smaller leaves and lower Specific Leaf Area than those able to resprout using both methods. Taxa resembled their relatives; phylogenetic signal was significant for all continuous traits except Relative Height, ranging from Pagel’s Lambda λ = 0.37 (Relative Bark Thickness) to λ = 0.82 (Specific Leaf Area). Phylogenetic analyses showed weakened correlations for most (but not all) trait pairs. However, most moderate relationships on the trait correlation network also displayed correlated evolution. Conclusions Stature, stem, leaf and reproductive traits and fire response of eucalypts are somewhat coordinated, principally through leaf economics. Trait combinations that confer ecological competence on eucalypt taxa in present-day conditions are likely to have been similarly favoured throughout their evolutionary history. Implications This supports theory of coordinated plant strategies.
Cell polarity changes in cancer initiation and progression
Authors: Peglion Florent , Etienne-Manneville Sandrine
Published: December 2023

Cell polarity, which consists of the morphological, structural, and functional organization of cells along a defined axis, is a feature of healthy cells and tissues. In contrast, abnormal polarity is a hallmark of cancer cells. At the molecular level, key evolutionarily conserved proteins that control polarity establishment and maintenance in various contexts are frequently altered in cancer, but the relevance of these molecular alterations in the oncogenic processes is not always clear. Here, we summarize the recent findings, shedding new light on the involvement of polarity players in cancer development, and discuss the possibility of harnessing cell polarity changes to better predict, diagnose, and cure cancers.
Scenario optimization for the tokamak ramp-down phase in RAPTOR: Part B. safe termination of DEMO plasmas
Authors: Van Mulders S , Sauter O , Contré C , Fable E , Felici F , Manas P , Mattei M , Palermo F , Siccinio M , Teplukhina A A
Published: December 2023

An optimized plasma current ramp-down strategy is critical for safe and fast termination of plasma discharges in a tokamak demonstration fusion reactor (DEMO), both in planned and emergency scenarios, avoiding plasma disruptions and excessive heat loads to the first wall. Plasma stability limits and machine-specific technical requirements constrain the stable envelope through which the plasma must be navigated. Large amounts of auxiliary heating are required throughout the ramp-down phase, to avoid a radiative collapse in the presence of intrinsic tungsten and seeded xenon impurities, as quantitatively estimated in this work. As the plasma current is reduced, the current density becomes increasingly peaked, reflected by a growing value of the internal inductance

ℓ

i
3

, resulting in reduced controllability of the vertical position of the plasma. The feasibility of different plasma current ramp-down rates is tested by applying an automated optimization framework embedding the RAPTOR core transport solver. Optimal time traces for plasma current

I
p

(
t
)

and plasma elongation

κ
(
t
)

are proposed, to satisfy an Ip
-dependent upper limit on the plasma internal inductance, as obtained from vertical stability studies using the CREATE-NL code, as well as a constraint on the time evolution of q
95, to avoid an ideal MHD mode. A negative current density near the plasma edge is observed in our simulations, even for the most conservative Ip
ramp-down rate, indicating significant transient dynamics due to a large resistive time.