bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification Trees as a Technique for Creating Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: Jecheva Veselina , Nikolova Evgeniya
Published: November 2022

Intrusion detection is a critical component of security information systems. The intrusion detection process attempts to detect malicious attacks by examining various data collected during processes on the protected system. This paper examines the anomaly-based intrusion detection based on sequences of system calls. The point is to construct a model that describes normal or acceptable system activity using the classification trees approach. The created database is utilized as a basis for distinguishing the intrusive activity from the legal one using string metric algorithms. The major results of the implemented simulation experiments are presented and discussed as well.
Efficacité de l’utilisation des Animateurs Relais dans la mise en œuvre du conseil à l’exploitation familiale au Bénin
Authors: TCHEGNON Philippe , MOUMOUNI Ismail M. , BACO Mohamed N. , YABI Jacob A. , VODOUHE Simplice D.
Published: November 2022

Le principal défi de la vulgarisation et du conseil agricole au 21ème siècle est de mettre au point  des approches durables de conseil qui placent des paysans au centre comme des agents de changement au sein de leur communauté. La vulgarisation de paysan à paysan (VPP) est l’une de ces approches qui a connu une croissance en Afrique cette dernière décennie. L’étude a évalué l’efficacité de l’utilisation des Animateurs Relais (AR) dans la mise en œuvre du conseil à l’exploitation familiale (CEF) par le Programme d’appui aux dynamiques productives. Les données ont été collectées auprès d’un échantillon aléatoire de 226 producteurs. Nos résultats ont montré que les adhérents ont connu une amélioration significative des capacités de gestion de trésorerie (87%), de stock de production (89%), de la main d’œuvre (70%), de planification de leurs activités (85%) et dans la définition d’un projet de développement de leur exploitation (95%). Aussi, les résultats ont-ils montré une réduction des contraintes techniques des principales cultures (68%), suivie d’une augmentation des rendements (76%). Enfin, une augmentation des revenus (91%) et une amélioration de la sécurité alimentaire (73%) ont en outre été constatées. Le profil socioéconimque des AR, l’effet de groupe, associés à la mise en œuvre du CEF expliquent les résultats obtenus.
Karakteristik Telur Ayam Kampung pada Pemeliharaan Tradisional di Kecamatan Tongkuno dan Tongkuno Selatan
Authors: Asifa Yayu , Nafiu La Ode , Indi Amiluddin
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik telur ayamkampung di Kecamatan Tongkuno dan Tongkuno Selatan Kabupaten Muna.Penelitian ini menggunakan ayam kampung betina umur 6 bulan dalam masaproduksi dan yang memiliki telur ayam kampung. Analisis data yang digunakandalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Variabel yangdiamati adalah bobot dan indeks bentuk telur serta warna dan tekstur kerabangtelur. Hasil penelitian karakteristik telur ayam kampung untuk rata-rata bobot telurayam kampung di Kecamatan Tongkuno dan Tongkuno Selatan tidak berbedanyata (P > 0,05) dan relatif homogen dengan KK < 10 %. Indeks telur yakni74,59% dengan KK 9,24 % dan 75,99% dengan KK 7,35%. Warna kerabang telurmasih cukup bervariasi, yang paling dominan adalah
Karakteristik Fenotip Sifat Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Kambing Lokal di Kecamatan Rarowatu Utara Kabupaten Bombana
Authors: Andriyani Ita , Aka Rahim , Badaruddin Rusli
Published: November 2022

Kambing ialah salah satu jenis ternak yang sering dipelihara masyarakat Indonesia danmempunyai peran besar bagi pendapatan masyarakat terutama peternak kecil. Selain itu, permintaanakan ternak kambing yang semakin meningkat serta penyebarannya yang semakin meluas dikalanganmasyarakat adalah salah satu penyebab berkembangnya peternakan kambing di Indonesia. Ternakkambing sudah dipelihara oleh masyarakat setempat secara turun-temurun sehingga mendapatkanbanyak generasi, menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan setempat, dan beberapa diantara ternakkambing tersebut mempunyai karakteristik khas yang hanya dimiliki oleh ternak tersebut. Usahapengembangan dan pemanfaatan plasma nutfah ternak kambing lokal di Kabupaten Bombanakhususnya Kecamatan Rarowatu Utara merupakan tahap awal yang dapat dilakukan untukmemperoleh data dasar karakteristik fenotip sifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif serta keragamannya dalampopulasi. Informasi-informasi itu penting dalam kebijakan pemuliaan serta pengembangan sumberdaya genetik ternak lokal untuk menunjang pengembangan kambing lokal secara nasional. Sifatkualitatif kambing lokal di Kecamatatan Rarowatu Utara memiliki warna bulu kombinasi hitam putih(jantan, 30,56% dan betina 35,15%), bentuk bertanduk (jantan 100,00% dan betina 83,03%) dan tipetelinga setengah menjuntai (jantan 41,67% dan betina 72,12%). Sifat kuantitatif kambing lokal diKecamatatan Rarowatu Utara memiliki bobot badan jantan sebesar 29,59 kg dan betina sebesar 23,69kg, lingkar dada jantan sebesar 70,13 cm dan betina sebesar 67,16 cm, panjang badan jantan sebesar62,30 cm dan betina sebesar 60,21 cm, tinggi pundak jantan sebesar 58,03 cm dan betina sebesar54,16 cm dan tinggi pinggul jantan sebesar 59,92 cm dan betina sebesar 57,26 cm.
A MULHER, AS CARTAS E O DESTINO: HISTÓRIA COMO TECIDO ESTRUTURANTE NO CONTO DE MACHADO DE ASSIS
Authors: Pontes Carlos Gildemar
Published: November 2022

A cartomante, de Machado de Assis, inserido no contexto do final do século 19, oferece algumas pistas do comportamento da sociedade da época e da visão de um Machado (narrador) sobre esta sociedade. O conto traz no nível da linguagem elementos que se interligam a outros contos e até mesmo a outros romances do autor. A ironia, a ambiguidade, a redundância e o paradoxo são recorrentes enquanto figuras no texto, funcionando como um processo sistemático na composição da linguagem machadiana. O mundo ficcional de Machado está repleto de personagens infelizes, solitárias, usurpadas pela sorte. N’A cartomante, Machado explora o conflito interior das personagens no confronto de umas com as outras. Um caso “comum” de adultério, se visto pela ótica de hoje, transformado numa tragédia. O texto começa com uma relação intertextual, um dos aspectos formais do texto machadiano. Machado aproveita o clima de enigma e mistério que envolve a expressão hamletiana e introduz as personagens neste mesmo clima. A partir destas considerações iniciais, faremos um levantamento do contexto histórico em que foi escrito o conto. É importante notar que as datas para Machado de Assis não são apenas acontecimentos ao acaso, remetem para a História do Brasil e para sua própria história. E Machado esteve atento às transformações político-culturais por que passou o Brasil da segunda metade do século 19 em diante, de modo a interpretar os fatos históricos e a sociedade finissecular por intermédio de suas narrativas.
OS CIGANOS DE MACONDO NA OBRA DE GABO E OS DE SOUSA, PARAÍBA, POR ELES MESMOS: UM DIÁLOGO ENTRE O FICCIONAL E O REAL NA PERIFERIA DO MUNDO
Authors: Abrantes Elaine Maria Gomes de , Fonseca Paulo Henriques da
Published: November 2022

Neste trabalho, procedemos um diálogo entre a situação dos ciganos na obra ficcional de Gabriel García Marquéz (1967), o Gabo como é também conhecido, e as entrevistas realizadas na cidade de Sousa, Paraíba, com um grupo da etnia Calon e inicialmente analisadas em artigo anteriormente publicado por Souza, Abrantes e Lima (2020). A obra “Cem Anos de Solidão” é uma das mais famosas na língua espanhola e retrata os ciganos em situação de nomadismo no enredo central. A situação de fixação territorial identificamos nos ciganos de Sousa, Estado da Paraíba, que pararam de migrar, há quase 40 anos. As aproximações e distanciamentos entre a obra ficcional e a realidade dos ciganos do sertão da Paraíba serão mediados por conceitos decoloniais de território e fronteira, periferias e centro. Observamos as semelhanças e diferenças através da sobreposição de trechos da obra literária componente do realismo mágico e das falas dos colaboradores do Rancho de baixo, o Rancho do chefe Eládio. Como personagens caracteristicamente portadores de uma distopia fantástica, os ciganos não são meros referentes dentro da construção literária e também social. Como tratamos de um grupo andante na ficção e fixados na realidade, o processo histórico que os define é diverso, mas não completamente destoante, posto que ambos se localizam na periferia do mundo, com vicissitudes próprias de uma cultura periférica. Daí que as lutas das minorias como a dos ciganos provocam, tanto em Sousa como em Macondo, os nichos do cosmopolitismo dominantes.
Abundance and Diversity of Thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) in Conventional “Carabao” Mango Orchard in Piat, Cagayan, Philippines
Authors: Reyes Cecilia , Cayabyab Bonifacio , Copuyoc Maria Katherine
Published: November 2022

The study aimed to determine the abundance and diversity of thrips on “Carabao” mango, Mangifera indica L., at Hacienda Villa Bianca in Maguilling, Piat, Cagayan, Philippines. Thirty (30) mango trees of various ages were selected randomly and grouped into Center, North, East, West, and South with six mango trees per group. Thrips were collected weekly from February– March 2020 from five randomly selected flowering twigs per tree by flower shaking/tapping method. Thrips were sorted and examined under the microscope. Climate data were obtained from the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). A total of 3,100 adult thrips collected were represented by Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) (98.581%), Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (1.097%), Megalurothips usitatus (Bagnall) (0.290%), and Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin) (0.032%). M. usitatus and H. gowdeyi are new records on mango in the Philippines. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) between thrips counts per group was not significantly different while counts of four thrips species showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). The thrips were distributed equally and dominated by T. hawaiiensis. The existence of the thrips was positively correlated with temperature and weakly correlated with relative humidity. Thrips were most diverse in the North group, followed by the East, West, Center, and South based on Shannon’s diversity index.
Phytochemical Screening, Total Phenolics, and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Selected Philippine Indigenous Fruits
Authors: Recuenco Mariam , de Luna James Russell , Magallano Nathalia , Salamane Kevin
Published: November 2022

Nine Philippine indigenous fruits were screened for phytochemical constituents and assessed for total phenolics and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Qualitative tests revealed the presence of alkaloids in Canarium ovatum, cardiac glycosides in Ficus pseudopalma and C. ovatum, and terpenoids in Antidesma bunius and C. ovatum. Total phenolics were highest in Garcinia binucao and Mangifera altissima with 758 and 694 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) / 100 g fresh matter (FM), respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activities ranged from 82–516 mg ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant activity (AEAC) /100 g FM, with M. altissima having the highest value and followed by Rubus rosifolius (513 mg AEAC / 100 g FM). Ferric reducing activities were highest for M. altissima and G. binucao with 111 mg and 121 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE) / 100 g FM, respectively. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were strongly and positively correlated (P < 0.05). Moreover, phenolic contents may have significant contributions to the observed radical scavenging and ferric reducing activities based on their strong positive correlations (P < 0.05). For the antibacterial activities, extracts from Citrus hystrix and R. rosifolius were the most effective against Escherichia coli (MIC80 = 1.70 mg GAE/mL), while the F. pseudopalma extract was the most effective against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC80 = 0.56 mg GAE / mL). Present results showed that the selected indigenous fruits could be valuable sources of phytochemicals, such as phenolics and flavonoids, with potential antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
Abordagem Socialmente Responsável ao Desenvolvimento de Software: um estudo exploratório
Authors: Marques Michel Sauceda , Melo Amanda Meincke
Published: November 2022

Com o software pervasivo no cotidiano das pessoas, é indispensável a consideração de aspectos éticos em seu desenvolvimento. Contudo, poucos foram os trabalhos identificados que, ao abordarem aspectos éticos, explicitaram qualidade, processos, métodos e ferramentas. Além disso, é fundamental destacar a importância das pessoas nas tomadas de decisões éticas. Este trabalho apresenta, portanto, a aplicação de uma abordagem socialmente responsável ao desenvolvimento de software. Ao aplicá-la junto a estudantes de ensino médio, gerou um software com responsabilidade social.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHA TANAMAN HIAS DI KOTA LUBUKLINGGAU
Authors: Shiska May , Arisandi Debi , Wahyudi Firdinan
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan yang diperoleh dari usaha tanaman hias di Kota Lubuklinggau. Pengambilan data dilapangan telah dilakukan di Kota Lubuklinggau pada Desember 2020 sampai dengan Januari 2021. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 3 pengusaha tanaman hias dipilih secara sengaja (Purposive) Pengumpulan data dengan kuisioner dan wawancara langsung pada responden penelitian. Analisis data terdiri dari biaya produksi, penerimaan, pendapatan dan R/C Rasio. Hasil penelitian diperoleh pada Responden I, biaya produksi sebesar Rp. 173.925.250, penerimaan sebesar Rp. 225.21500 dan pendapatan sebesar Rp. 51.289.750, dengan R/C Rasio 1,29. Pada  Responden II biaya produksi sebesar Rp. 73.893.500, penerimaan sebesar Rp. 95.440.000,  pendapatan sebesar Rp. 21.546.500, dengan R/C Rasio 1,29 dan untuk Responden III biaya produksi sebesar Rp. 54.899.167, penerimaan sebesar Rp. 71.095.000, dan pendapatan sebesar Rp. 16.195.833 dengan R/C Rasio 1,30. Dari penghitungan R/C Rasio tersebut dapat disimpulkan bawah usahatani tanaman hias di Kota Lubuklinggau ini layak untuk di kembangkan dengan menambah luas lahan dan saranan produksi
Scope and mortality of adult medical ICU patients in an Eastern Cape tertiary hospital
Authors: Freercks R , Gigi N , Aylward R , Enser J , Van der Merwe E
Published: November 2022

Background. The characteristics and mortality outcomes of patients admitted to South African intensive care units (ICUs) owing to medical conditions are unknown. Available literature is derived from studies based on data from high-income countries.Objectives. To determine ICU utilisation by medical patients and evaluate the scope of admissions and clinical associations with hospital mortality in ICU patients 12 years and older admitted to an Eastern Cape tertiary ICU, particularly in the subset with HIV disease.

Methods. A retrospective descriptive one-year cohort study. Data were obtained from the LivAKI study database and demographic data, comorbidities, diagnosis, and mortality outcomes and associations were determined.Results. There were 261 (29.8%) medical ICU admissions. The mean age of the cohort was 40.2 years; 51.7% were female. When compared with the surgical emergencies, the medical subgroup had higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores (median score 5 v. 4, respectively) and simplified acute physiology score III (SAPS 3) scores (median 52.7 v. 48.5), a higher incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (7.7% v. 2.9%) and required more frequent dialysis (20.3% v. 5.5%). Of the medical admissions, sepsis accounted for 32.4% of admission diagnoses. The HIV seroprevalence rate was 34.0%, of whom 57.4% were on antiretroviral therapy. ICU and hospital mortality rates were 11.1% and 21.5% respectively, while only acute kidney injury (AKI) and sepsis were independently associated with mortality. The HIV-positive subgroup had a higher burden of tuberculosis (TB), higher admission SOFA and SAPS 3 scores and required more organ support.

Conclusion. Among medical patients admitted to ICU, there was a high HIV seroprevalence with low uptake of antiretroviral therapy. Sepsis was the most frequently identified ICU admission diagnosis. Sepsis and AKI (not HIV) were independent predictors of mortality. Co-infection with HIV and TB was associated with increased mortality.
Multi‐Material Inconel 718 Parts with Highly Conductive Copper Cooling Channels for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Marques Ana , Guimarães Bruno , Cerqueira Maria , Silva Filipe , Carvalho Oscar
Published: November 2022

Multi‐material parts can offer valuable solutions to engineering problems when compared to single materials. The conceptualization of a multifunctional Inconel 718 (IN718)–Copper (Cu) solution aims to improve the heat extraction capacity of an aerospace component. High‐strength IN718 was used as the base material and highly thermal conductive Cu was employed for internal cooling channels. The cooling channels are produced by electrical discharge machining (EDM) and subsequently filled with Cu to be sintered by hot pressing (HP). The morphological, microstructural, hardness, and thermal properties of the hot‐pressed multi‐material IN718–Cu specimens are studied to evaluate the feasibility of HP processing as a viable manufacturing approach for these multi‐material solutions. The multi‐material IN718–Cu specimens presents a well‐defined design with good metallurgical bonding between the two materials and a thin diffusion region is found, assuring the final properties of each individual material. The Vickers’ microhardness of IN178 and Cu are in accordance with the reported for conventional processes which indicates good densification. The thermal conductivity of the multi‐material IN718–Cu specimen is 25% higher than mono‐material IN718, which can be a significant improvement in the thermal efficiency of an aerospace component.
A Tumor Microenvironment Model of Pancreatic Cancer to Elucidate Responses toward Immunotherapy
Authors: Kast Verena , Nadernezhad Ali , Pette Dagmar , Gabrielyan Anastasiia , Fusenig Maximilian , Honselmann Kim C. , Stange Daniel E. , Werner Carsten , Loessner Daniela
Published: November 2022

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating malignancy with minimal treatment options. Standard‐of‐care therapy, including surgery and chemotherapy, is unsatisfactory, and therapies harnessing the immune system have been unsuccessful in clinical trials. Resistance to therapy and disease progression are mediated by the tumor microenvironment, which contains excessive amounts of extracellular matrix and stromal cells, acting as a barrier to drug delivery. There is a lack of preclinical pancreatic cancer models that reconstruct the extracellular, cellular, and biomechanical elements of tumor tissues to assess responses toward immunotherapy. To address this limitation and explore the effects of immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy, a multicellular 3D cancer model using a star‐shaped poly(ethylene glycol)–heparin hydrogel matrix is developed. Human pancreatic cancer cells, cancer‐associated fibroblasts, and myeloid cells are grown encapsulated in hydrogels to mimic key components of tumor tissues, and cell responses toward treatment are assessed. Combining the CD11b agonist ADH‐503 with anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy and chemotherapy leads to a significant reduction in tumor cell viability, proliferation, metabolic activity, immunomodulation, and secretion of immunosuppressive and tumor growth‐promoting cytokines.
Neodymium‐Evoked Valence Electronic Modulation to Balance Reversible Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Fan Chuang , Wang Xuan , Wu Xiangrui , Chen Yaoshun , Wang Zixiao , Li Meng , Sun Dongmei , Tang Yawen , Fu Gengtao
Published: November 2022

Suffering from the competition adsorption between oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the development of high‐efficiency oxygen electrocatalysts with bifunctional properties still remains a challenge. Herein, a novel and effective neodymium‐evoked valence electronic perturbation strategy to improve and balance reversible oxygen electrocatalysis of metallic cobalt sites is proposed. To heighten the coupling between Nd and Co, the metal‐organic‐framework‐induced method is chosen to prepare the target catalyst of atomic Nd‐doped Co on an N‐doped carbon substrate. The as‐prepared catalyst presents excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic properties with a low overpotential of 288 mV at 10 mA cm−2for the OER and a high half‐wave potential of 0.85 V for the ORR. The robust electrocatalytic stabilities for both the ORR and OER are also proven. The electrochemical in situ Raman spectra confirm the surface dynamic change of the transformation of oxygen intermediates by noting the formation of Co–OOH. Theoretical calculations verify that the adsorption of oxygen intermediates is balanced owing to the strong Co 3d‐Nd 4f orbital electronic coupling effect below the Fermi level. Moreover, the potential practicability of catalyst is further demonstrated in solid‐state rechargeable Zn‐Air batteries, which exhibit large power density and a long cycling life.
Osmo‐protectants improve cotton yield by alleviating moisture stress under semi‐arid conditions
Authors: Singh Kulvir , Rathore Pankaj , Mishra Sudhir Kumar
Published: November 2022

In north‐western India, short‐term droughts due to insufficient rainfall or irrigation canal closures are common. To quantify seed cotton yield (SCY) loss under moisture deficit and evaluate the efficacy of foliar‐applied osmo‐protectants (OPs), a 2‐year field experiment was conducted with three moisture regimes (M1: well watered, M2: rainfed after single post‐sowing irrigation [POSI], and M3: rainfed after two POSIs) in main plots and eight OPs (S1: control, S2: four sprays of 2% urea at weekly intervals, S3: four sprays of 2% KNO3 at weekly intervals, S4: single spray of 500 mg kg−1 thio urea [TU], S5: single spray of 50 mg kg−1 salicylic acid [SA], S6: single spray of 100 mg kg−1 glycine betaine [GB], S7: single spray of 100 mg kg−1 SA, and S8: three sprays of 1% pink pigmented facultative methylobacteria at 10 days interval) in sub‐plots of a split plot design. Moisture stress induced a reduction of relative water content (RWC) and consequently decreased SCY by 17% and 32.9% under M3 (2821 kg ha−1) and M2 (2291 kg ha−1), respectively, compared to M1 (3418 kg ha−1). Except for TU, all tested OPs improved SCY by 6.3%–23.7% in comparison to the nontreated control. Application of SA and GB enhanced photosynthesis, improved stomatal conductance, and maintained higher RWC. Application of SA at 100 mg kg−1 resulted in an additional income of US$458 ha−1 and was the most economical treatment for countering short‐term drought.
An Isolable Bis(Germylene)‐Stabilized Plumbylone
Authors: Chen Ming , Zhang Zhaoyin , Qiao Zihao , Zhao Lili , Mo Zhenbo
Published: November 2022

We report herein the synthesis of a stable plumbylone (3) by reduction of a bromodigermylplumbylene (2) with 2.2 equiv of potassium graphite (KC8). The molecular structure of3was established by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study and features a two‐coordinated Pb center with an acute Ge−Pb−Ge bond angle. Computational studies showed that this complex (3) possesses a singlet electronic ground state with a Pb0center. Its high thermal stability can be most likely ascribed to the delocalization of π electrons over the Ge−Pb−Ge moiety. A preliminary reactivity study demonstrates that complex3can deliver Pb0atoms to an organic azide producing a tetrameric imido complex [(PbNDipp)4] (Dipp=2,6‐iPr‐C6H3,4) and perform a metathesis reaction with GeCl2⋅dioxane to produce a bis(germylene)‐stabilized germylone (5), highlighting the synthetic utility of3.
Access to Disentangled Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene via a Binuclear Synergic Effect
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Kang Xiaohui , Jiang Yang , Cai Zhongyi , Li Shihui , Cui Dongmei
Published: November 2022

Disentangled ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (dis‐UHMWPE) has excellent processability but can be achieved under extreme conditions. Herein, we report ethylene polymerization with the binuclear half‐sandwich scandium complexes C1‐Sc2 and C2‐Sc2 to afford UHMWPE. C1‐Sc2 bearing a short linker shows higher activity and gives higher molecular weight PEs than C2‐Sc2 containing a flexible spacer and the mononuclear Sc1. Strikingly, all UHMWPEs isolated from C1‐Sc2 under broad temperature range (25–120 °C) and wide ethylene pressures (2–13 bar) feature very low degree of entanglement as proved by rheological test, DSC annealing study and SEM. These dis‐UHMWPEs are facilely mediated solid‐state‐process at 130 °C and their tensile strength and modulus reach up to 149.2 MPa and 1.5 GPa, respectively. DFT simulations reveal that the formation of dis‐UHMWPE is attributed to the binuclear synergic effect and the agostic interaction between the active center and the growing chain.
A review: Multidimensional internal plasticization of molecular structure in energetic polymer
Authors: Li Yanan , Zheng Wenfang , Li Wenxi , Pan Renming , Lin Xiangyang
Published: November 2022

In the field of propellant and polymer‐bonded explosives (PBX), energetic polymers may bring poor mechanical properties for bulky groups and polarity. To get rid of the defects, plasticizers with low molecular weight can enhance the flexibility and processability of propellants through monotonous mixing. However, the migration of plasticizers over time may severely disrupt the mechanical property of energetic polymers. In contrast to general plasticization, internal plasticization can regulate flexibility from the perspective of molecular structure. In this context, this review focuses on the internal plasticization of energetic polymers from different dimensions. Hopefully, this review can provide some inspiration for designing energetic polymers to optimize the mechanical properties from various dimensions and integrate them for further research.
Reconstructibility analysis and set‐observer design for Boolean control networks
Authors: Yang Junqi , Long Hao , Chen Yantao , Li Zhiqiang
Published: November 2022

This paper deals with the issues of reconstructibility analysis and set‐observer design for Boolean control networks (BCNs). A state estimation set is considered to find the state estimation of BCNs, and a reconstructibility judgment matrix (RJM) is obtained by compact vector of state estimation set. Then, a kind of state‐reconstructible tree is constructed, and algorithms are also provided to construct it. The state‐reconstructible tree can categorize BCNs to be globally reconstructible, locally reconstructible, and unreconstructible. The sufficient and necessary conditions for the reconstructibility of BCNs are given. Meanwhile, the relationship between input–output trajectory and estimated state is derived. Next, with the knowledge of input–output sequence, a set‐observer is designed such that the state of BCNs for any global reconstructible BCNs is uniquely determined in a finite time. Some examples are also given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Characterization of an endo‐beta‐1,4 glucanase gene from paper‐degrading and denim bio‐stoning cellulase producing Aspergillus isolates
Authors: Ahmed Jahed , Taslim Asma‐Ul‐ , Raihan Topu , Sohag Md. Mehadi Hasan , Hasan Mahmudul , Suhani Sabrina , Qadri Firdausi , Azad Abul Kalam
Published: November 2022

Cellulases are used in textile, pulp and paper, brewery and wine, sugars, and ethanol industries. Four fungal isolates obtained from organic municipal solid wastes (OMSW) were selected based on their cellulolytic activity on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar medium. Based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of the ribosomal DNA, the four cellulolytic isolates were identified as Aspergillus fumigatus AKAL1, Aspergillus oryzae AKAL4, Aspergillus flavus AKAL8, and Aspergillus flavus AKAL9. After 9 days of fermentation at 30°C and pH 6.5 under 110 rpm agitation, these isolates produced the maximum amount of cellulase. The cellulase showed optimum activity at temperature 35–40°C and pH 6.0–7.0 and was stable for 1 h at 25–45°C and pH 5.0–7.0. The Mg2+ and Zn2+ significantly increased but Hg2+, K+, and Ca2+ severely repressed the cellulase activity. Degradation of filter papers and bio‐stoning of denim was successfully done with the crude cellulase. An endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase was isolated and characterized from Aspergillus isolates. Genome‐wide analysis revealed that the genomes of A. oryzae, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus, the pertinent species of the fungal isolates, had 23, 25, and 22 cellulase genes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the cellulases in these fungal species were divided into three major groups, and the isolated endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase clustered to Group II. Ten different motifs are present in cellulases of the three species. Results herein provide a valuable resource for understanding cellulase genes in Aspergillus species and potential application of cellulase in textile and fermentable sugars production industries.
Is there a complementary or a substitutive relationship between climate governance and analyst coverage? Its effect on climate disclosure
Authors: García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María , Ali Rizwan , Rehman Ramiz ur
Published: November 2022

Knowledge of the initiatives that companies are promoting to curb climate change and the impacts resulting from these activities require the disclosure of relevant information that can be used by stakeholders in their decision‐making processes. The objective of this work is to complement previous studies by analysing the effect and type of relationship that exists between internal and market corporate governance mechanisms. We theoretically argue that business transparency related to climate change is explained both by climate governance and by the coverage of the company by financial analysts and that there may be both a complementary and substitutive relationship between the two mechanisms. The results obtained on a global climate governance score show the existence of a substitutive relationship, but the individualised consideration of the components of this score suggests a potential divergent relationship.
Somatic mutations in tumor and plasma of locoregional recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer using a next‐generation sequencing panel: A preliminary study
Authors: Rapado‐González Óscar , Brea‐Iglesias Jenifer , Rodríguez‐Casanova Aitor , Bao‐Caamano Aida , López‐Cedrún José‐Luis , Triana‐Martínez Gabriel , Díaz‐Peña Roberto , Santos María Arminda , López‐López Rafael , Muinelo‐Romay Laura , Martínez‐Fernández Mónica , Díaz‐Lagares Ángel , Suárez‐Cunqueiro María Mercedes
Published: November 2022

Background

We explore the utility of TruSight Tumor 170 panel (TST170) for detecting somatic mutations in tumor and cfDNA from locoregional recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

Targeted NGS of tumor DNA and plasma cfDNA was performed using TST170 panel. In addition, a set of somatic mutations previously described in HNSCC were selected for validating in tumor, plasma, and saliva by digital droplet PCR.

Results

The TST170 panel identified 13 non‐synonymous somatic mutations, of which five were detected in tumoral tissue, other five in plasma cfDNA, and three in both tissue and plasma cfDNA. Of the eight somatic mutations identified in tissue, three were also identified in plasma cfDNA, showing an overall concordance rate of 37.5%.

Conclusions

This preliminary study shows the possibility to detect somatic mutations in tumor and plasma of HNSCC patients using a single assay that would facilitate the clinical implementation of personalized medicine in the clinic.
Ethanol Oxidation Reaction Mechanism on Gold Nanowires from Density Functional Theory
Authors: Bueno O. V. M. , San‐Miguel M. A. , da Silva E. Z.
Published: November 2022

Thin gold nanowires (NWs) are materials that could be used as support in different chemical reactions. Using density functional theory (DFT) it was shown that NWs that form linear atomic chains (LACs) are suitable for stimulating chemical reactions. To this end, the oxidation reaction of ethanol supported on the LACs of Au−NWs was investigated. Two types of LACs were used for the study, one pure and the other with an oxygen impurity. The results showed that the oxygen atom in the LAC fulfills important functions throughout the reaction pathway. Before the chemical reaction, it was observed that the LAC with impurity gains structural stability, that is, the oxygen acts as an anchor for the gold atoms in the LAC. In addition, the LAC was shown to be sensitive to disturbances in its vicinity, which modifies its nucleophilic character. During the chemical reaction, the oxidation of ethanol occurs through two different reaction paths and in two stages, both producing acetaldehyde (CH3CHO). The different reaction pathways are a consequence of the presence of oxygen in the LAC (oxygen conditions the formation of reaction intermediates). In addition, the oxygen in the LAC also modifies the kinetic behavior in both reaction stages. It was observed that, by introducing an oxygen impurity in the LAC, the activation energy barriers decrease ∼69 % and ∼97 % in the first and second reaction stages, respectively.
Pricing‐based power allocation in cloud radio access network with multiple access technology selection
Authors: Ansari Ali Asghar , Eslami Mohsen , Dehghani Mohammad Javad
Published: November 2022

In this article, we consider an uplink economy‐efficient resource allocation framework in a multicellular cloud radio access network (C‐RAN) architecture with network virtualization, where a mobile network operator (MNO) interacts with a number of mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) with a predetermined business model. OFDMA and Massive MIMO multiple access technologies have been assumed to be available for each MVNO at two different prices. In this setup, we propose a multi‐access technology selection approach (MATSA) with the objective of maximizing delivered rate to end users, reducing operation costs and maximizing MVNOs' profit subject to a set of constraints, which leads to a nonconvex resource allocation problem with very high computational complexity. The utility function is defined as the difference between the total throughput and the utilization cost for each technology. To tackle this problem, we apply complementary geometric programming (CGP) and successive convex approximation (SCA), that results in a two‐step iterative solution. Simulation results demonstrate superiority of the proposed approach compared to a similar scenario with predetermined multi‐access technology, especially for large numbers of users.
Impact of duty hours on competency‐related knowledge acquisition among community hospital residents
Authors: Nagasaki Kazuya , Nishizaki Yuji , Hachisuka Chisato , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Shimizu Taro , Yamamoto Yu , Shikino Kiyoshi , Fukui Sho , Nishiguchi Sho , Katayama Kohta , Kurihara Masaru , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Tokuda Yasuharu
Published: November 2022

Background

The effect of duty hour (DH) restrictions on postgraduate residents' acquisition of clinical competencies is unclear. We evaluated the relationship between DHs and competency‐related knowledge acquisition using the General Medicine In‐training Examination (GM‐ITE).

Methods

We conducted a multicenter, cross‐sectional study of community hospital residents among 2019 GM‐ITE examinees. Self‐reported average DHs per week were classified into five DH categories and the competency domains were classified into four areas: symptomatology and clinical reasoning (CR), physical examination and clinical procedure (PP), medical interview and professionalism (MP), and disease knowledge (DK). The association between these scores and DHs was examined using random‐intercept linear models with and without adjustment for confounding factors.

Results

We included 4753 participants in the analyses. Of these, 31% were women, and 49.1% were in the postgraduate year (PGY) 2. Mean CR and MP scores were lower among residents in Category 1 (<50 h) than in residents in Category 3 (≥60 and <70 h; reference group). Mean DK scores were lower among residents in Categories 1 and 2 (≥50 and <60 h) than in the reference group. PGY‐2 residents in Categories 1 and 2 had lower CR scores than those in Category 3; however, PGY‐1 residents in Category 5 showed higher scores.

Conclusions

The relationship between DHs and each competency area is not strictly linear. The acquisition of knowledge of physical examination and clinical procedures skills in particular may not be related to DHs.
Projection of compound wind and precipitation extremes in China based on Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models
Authors: Meng Yu , Hao Zengchao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xuan , Hao Fanghua
Published: November 2022

Extreme precipitation and extreme wind may lead to catastrophic impacts on ecosystems, infrastructure, human dwellings and settlements. The concurrence of the two extremes, compound wind and precipitation extremes (CWPEs), may cause even larger impacts than the univariate counterparts. Under global warming with increased weather and climate extremes, there is a necessity to explore projected changes of CWPEs in the future. Based on daily precipitation and surface wind speed from observations (CN05.1) and simulations of Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) models, we assess changes of CWPEs in the mainland of China in the future. By defining CWPEs based on the 98th percentile threshold in summer seasons (June–July–August [JJA]) in historical periods (1995–2014), we first explore the model performance in simulating precipitation, wind speed and CWPEs in China during JJA in historical periods. We then compute the projected changes of CWPEs in the near‐term (2021–2040), mid‐term (2041–2060) and long‐term (2081–2100) periods under SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios. The occurrence of CWPEs is projected to increase in three future periods, particularly in the south and east China. Though a slight increase of CWPEs is shown under SSP1‐2.6 and SSP2‐4.5, the projected changes of CWPEs under SSP5‐8.5 show a dramatic increase (around 46%) in the long‐term period. Our assessment of projected changes in CWPEs can provide useful information to cope with the impact of CWPEs in China under climate change.
Microbial communities and biogeochemical functioning across peatlands in the Athabasca Oil Sands region of Canada: Implications for reclamation and management
Authors: Allingham Shaun M , Nwaishi Felix C , Andersen Roxane , Lamit Louis J , Elliott David R
Published: November 2022

Peatlands play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles and are essential for multiple ecosystem functions. Understanding the environmental drivers of microbial functioning and community structure can provide insights to enable effective and evidence‐based management. However, it remains largely unknown how microbial diversity contributes to the functioning of belowground processes. Addressing this gap in knowledge will provide a better understanding of microbial‐mediated processes in peatlands that are undergoing restoration or reclamation. This study assessed the changes in microbial community diversity and structure as well as soil function by measuring microbial respiration on a range of substrates from three natural fen types found in the Athabasca Oil Sands region of Alberta, Canada (a poor fen, a hypersaline fen, and a tree‐rich fen) and a nearby constructed fen undergoing reclamation following open pit mining. Overall, substrate induced respiration was significantly higher in the constructed fen. Alpha diversity of fungi and prokaryotes was highest in the tree‐rich fen, and the composition of microbial communities was significantly different between fens. Both fungal and prokaryotic communities were strongly related to pore water pH and temperature, with plant richness also contributing to the shape of fungal communities. In summary, microbial community structure reflects the underlying differences in soil condition across different fens but plays essential roles in the ecological functions of soil. These findings provide a new outlook for the management of peatlands undergoing post‐mining reclamation. Future research on peatland reclamation should consider the dynamic interaction between communities and ecosystem functionality, for which this study forms a useful baseline.
Polypeptide‐PEG Conjugates via Ring Opening Polymerization of l‐Alanine N‐Carboxyanhydride
Authors: Ucak Özgün , Hause Gerd , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: November 2022

The synthesis of well‐defined homo‐ and co‐polypeptides of L‐alanine (L‐Ala) by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of its N‐carboxyanhydride (NCAs), either via suspension/interfacial‐ or solution phase‐polymerization using 10‐undecene‐1‐amine and α,ω‐diamino poly(ethylene glycol) (8 or 1.5 kDa) as primary amine initiators is reported. When conducting ROP of NCA‐alanine under suspension/interfacial conditions, back‐biting can be preferably eliminated to reach enhanced control of the polymerization. Well‐defined structures of the resulting homo‐polypeptides with chain lengths ranging from n = 9 to 31 and the resulting amphiphilic polyalanine conjugates with molecular weights ranging from 3.8 to 15.3 kDa and a degree of polymerization of n = 18 to 102 are obtained. Structural characterization is performed via 1H‐NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS). Subsequently, the folding of the homo‐ and triblock amphiphilic co‐polypeptides under a variety of parameters such as temperature, chain length, and backbone composition and the further transitions of these secondary structures are investigated in HFIP and HFIP‐H2O mixtures via circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. A solvent induced helical switch from a 310‐helix to a α‐helix when changing from HFIP to HFIP–water mixtures is observed, with water inducing helicity stronger in both, homo‐polyalanine and poly(alanine)‐PEG‐poly(alanine) triblock copolymers.
Do sell‐off market returns benefit all shareholders?
Authors: Chen Chiung‐Jung , Yu Chwo‐Ming Joseph
Published: November 2022

Drawing from the resource‐based view and agency theory, we examine market returns associated with sell‐off announcements under different profit scenarios in a newly developed economy. We further explore the impact of controlling ownership on sell‐off market returns to illuminate the effect of agency conflicts on managers' strategic behaviors. The results reveal positive returns if firms sell loss‐increasing divisions and negative returns when they sell profitable/loss‐decreasing divisions. These suggest that sell‐offs do not benefit all shareholders under certain circumstances. The level of controlling ownership of firms/family firms also exerts a positive impact on sell‐off market returns.
3D DEM modeling of biocemented sand with fines as cementing agents
Authors: Wu Huanran , Wu Wei , Liang Weijian , Dai Feng , Liu Hanlong , Xiao Yang
Published: November 2022

Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has attracted much attention as a promising green technique for soil improvement. Despite the significance of precipitation pattern in mind, constitutive relations or numerical models considering the finite‐strain mechanical effects of the various precipitation patterns are rarely developed. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D DEM modeling scheme by using coarse particles to represent sand grains and fines as cementing agents, to reproduce the various precipitation patterns in MICP‐treated sand. Based on the topological relations with adjacent particles and the contribution to the mechanical improvement, the cementing fines are classified into effective, partially effective, surface coating, and pore filling ones. The microstructural characteristics and their evolution upon external loading are investigated quantitatively after a careful calibration and validation. The microstructural variation in experiments can be well reproduced, pinpointing this variation as a possible cause for the fluctuation in experimental data. Massive coating fines are produced accompanying the microstructural degradation, which is initiated by the breakage of effective bonds. The breakage of partially effective bonds may become dominating later in the medium to strong cemented specimens. One weakly cemented specimen shows diffuse failure with simultaneous bond‐breakage and friction. In contrast, the medium to strong cemented specimens show localized failure with the dominating mechanism transiting from bond‐breakage to friction producing notable pore filling fines. We propose a relation between unconfined compressive strength and the equivalent effective volume fraction of cementing agents normalized by the pretreatment porosity, which reveals the coupling effects of the initial configuration and the precipitation pattern on the mechanical improvement.
Did court order rescission of no‐contact orders?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2022

The University of Idaho held a “moment of community” after discovering an anti‐LGBTQ+ slur that had been written anonymously on a classroom whiteboard. The gathering included university students, faculty, and staff.
Identification of monogenic variants in more than ten per cent of children without type 1 diabetes-related autoantibodies at diagnosis in the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register
Authors: Harsunen Minna , Kettunen Jarno L. T. , Härkönen Taina , Dwivedi Om , Lehtovirta Mikko , Vähäsalo Paula , Veijola Riitta , Ilonen Jorma , Miettinen Päivi J. , Knip Mikael , Tuomi Tiinamaija
Published: November 2022

Aims/hypothesis

Monogenic forms of diabetes (MODY, neonatal diabetes mellitus and syndromic forms) are rare, and affected individuals may be misclassified and treated suboptimally. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes is high in Finnish children but systematic screening for monogenic diabetes has not been conducted. We assessed the prevalence and clinical manifestations of monogenic diabetes in children initially registered with type 1 diabetes in the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register (FPDR) but who had no type 1 diabetes-related autoantibodies (AABs) or had only low-titre islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs) at diagnosis.

Methods

The FPDR, covering approximately 90% of newly diagnosed diabetic individuals aged ≤15 years in Finland starting from 2002, includes data on diabetes-associated HLA genotypes and AAB data (ICA, and autoantibodies against insulin, GAD, islet antigen 2 and zinc transporter 8) at diagnosis. A next generation sequencing gene panel including 42 genes was used to identify monogenic diabetes. We interpreted the variants in HNF1A by using the gene-specific standardised criteria and reported pathogenic and likely pathogenic findings only. For other genes, we also reported variants of unknown significance if an individual’s phenotype suggested monogenic diabetes.

Results

Out of 6482 participants, we sequenced DNA for 152 (2.3%) testing negative for all AABs and 49 (0.8%) positive only for low-titre ICAs (ICAlow). A monogenic form of diabetes was revealed in 19 (12.5%) of the AAB-negative patients (14 [9.2%] had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants) and two (4.1%) of the ICAlow group. None had ketoacidosis at diagnosis or carried HLA genotypes conferring high risk for type 1 diabetes. The affected genes were GCK, HNF1A, HNF4A, HNF1B, INS, KCNJ11, RFX6, LMNA and WFS1. A switch from insulin to oral medication was successful in four of five patients with variants in HNF1A, HNF4A or KCNJ11.

Conclusions/interpretation

More than 10% of AAB-negative children with newly diagnosed diabetes had a genetic finding associated with monogenic diabetes. Because the genetic diagnosis can lead to major changes in treatment, we recommend referring all AAB-negative paediatric patients with diabetes for genetic testing. Low-titre ICAs in the absence of other AABs does not always indicate a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

Graphical abstract