bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ionized-gas Kinematics Along the Large-scale Radio Jets in Type-2 AGNs
Authors: Le Huynh Anh N. , Woo Jong-Hak , Son Donghoon , Karouzos Marios , Chung Aeree , Jung Taehyun , Tremou Evangelia , Hwang Narae , Park Byeong-Gon
Published: December 2017

To investigate the connection between radioactivity and active galactic nucleus (AGN) outflows, we present a study of ionized-gas kinematics based on an [O iii] λ5007 emission line along the large-scale radio jet for six radio AGNs. These AGNs are selected based on the radioactivity (i.e.,

) as well as optical emission-line properties as type-2 AGNs. Using the Red Channel Cross Dispersed Echellette Spectrograph at the Multiple Mirror Telescope, we investigate in detail the [[O iii]] and stellar kinematics. We spatially resolve and probe the central AGN-photoionization sizes, which is important in understanding the structures and evolutions of galaxies. We find that the typical central AGN-photoionization radius of our targets are in range of 0.9–1.6 kpc, consistent with the size–luminosity relation of [O iii] in previous studies. We investigate the [O iii] kinematics along the large-scale radio jets to test whether there is a link between gas outflows in the narrow-line region and extended radio-jet emissions. Contrary to our expectation, we find no evidence that the gas outflows are directly connected to the large-scale radio jets.
The Downwind Hemisphere of the Heliosphere: Eight Years of IBEX-Lo Observations
Authors: Galli A. , Wurz P. , Schwadron N. A. , Kucharek H. , Möbius E. , Bzowski M. , Sokół J. M. , Kubiak M. A. , Fuselier S. A. , Funsten H. O. , McComas D. J.
Published: December 2017

We present a comprehensive study of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) of 10 eV to 2.5 keV from the downwind hemisphere of the heliosphere. These ENAs are believed to originate mostly from pickup protons and solar-wind protons in the inner heliosheath. This study includes all low-energy observations made with the Interstellar Boundary Explorer over the first eight years. Because the protons around 0.1 keV dominate the plasma pressure within the inner heliosheath in downwind direction, these ENA observations offer the unique opportunity to constrain the plasma properties and dimensions of the heliosheath where no in situ observations are available. We first derive energy spectra of ENA intensities averaged over time for 49 macropixels covering the entire downwind hemisphere. The results confirm previous studies regarding integral intensities and the roll-over around 0.1 keV energy. With the expanded data set, we now find that ENA intensities at 0.2 and 0.1 keV seem to anti-correlate with solar activity. We then derive the product of total plasma pressure and emission thickness of protons in the heliosheath to estimate lower limits on the thickness of the inner heliosheath. The temporally averaged ENA intensities support a rather spherical shape of the termination shock and a heliosheath thickness between 150 and 210 au for most regions of the downwind hemisphere. Around the nominal downwind direction of 76° ecliptic longitude, the heliosheath is at least 280 au thick. There, the neutral hydrogen density seems to be depleted compared to upwind directions by roughly a factor of 2.
Evolution of Alfvénic Fluctuations inside an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection and Their Contribution to Local Plasma Heating: Joint Observations from 1.0 to 5.4 au
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Chi , Richardson John D. , Tu Cui
Published: December 2017

Tracking an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) by widely separated spacecraft could provide us with a good opportunity to study the evolution of embedded Alfvénic fluctuations (AFs) and their possible contribution to local plasma heating directly. In this study, an ICME observed by Wind at 1.0 au on 1998 March 4–6 is tracked to the location of Ulysses at 5.4 au. AFs are commonly found inside the ICME at 1.0 au, with an occurrence rate of 21.7% and at broadband frequencies from 4 × 10−4 to 5 × 10−2 Hz. When the ICME propagates to 5.4 au, the Aflvénicity decreases significantly, and AFs are rare and only found at a few localized frequencies with the occurrence rate decreasing to 3.0%. At the same time, the magnetic strength at the AF-rich region has an extra decrease in addition to the ICME expansion effect. The energetics of the ICME are also investigated here. Under similar magnetic strength situations at 1.0 au, the turbulence cascade rate at the AF-rich region is much larger than the one at the AF-lack region. Moreover, it can be maintained during the decrease of magnetic strength if there is a lack of AFs. However, when many AFs exist, it reduces significantly as the AFs disappear. The turbulence cascade dissipation rate within the ICME is inferred to be 2688.6 J kg−1 s−1, which satisfies the requirement of local ICME plasma heating rate, 1653.2 J kg−1 s−1. It is therefore concluded that AF dissipation is responsible for extra magnetic dissipation and local plasma heating inside the ICME.
Faculty and Student Incivility in Undergraduate Nursing Education: An Integrative Review
Authors: Rawlins Latoya
Published: December 2017

Background:

Incivility is a critical issue in undergraduate nursing education. Uncivil acts in academia are increasing and have the potential to affect future nursing practice and patient safety outcomes.

Method:

An integrative literature review was completed to describe faculty-to-student and student-to-faculty incivility in undergraduate nursing education.

Results:

Seventeen studies were included in the review. Four themes emerged from the data: (a) Detrimental to Health and Well-Being, (b) Disruption to the Teaching–Learning Environment, (c) Stress as a Catalyst, and (d) Incivility Incites Incivility.

Conclusion:

The results support data that incivility has harmful physical and psychological effects on both faculty and students, and also disturbs the teaching–learning environment. Causes of un-civil acts have been highlighted to provide groundwork for schools of nursing to implement strategies for mitigating incivility. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(12):709–716.]
Improving Clinical Nursing Judgment in Prelicensure Students
Authors: Victor Joyce
Published: December 2017

Background:

Available models for designing the structure of specific simulation-based learning (SBL) activities need further analysis.

Method:

This retrospective study was conducted using independent samples
t
tests to examine differences in mean clinical nursing judgment development scores between students who completed a nursing program prior to the introduction of an experiential learning theory (ELT)-based simulation design and students who completed the program after the adoption of its use for all scenario-based SBL activities.

Results:

Results showed a significant increase in clinical nursing judgment at both the beginning and end of a baccalaureate program in which all scenario-based SBL used an ELT design.

Conclusion:

Consistency with International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning standards of best practice and the use of ELT in SBL can improve student outcomes by fostering the development of clinical nursing judgment. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(12):733–736.]
RN-to-BSN Students' Quality Improvement Knowledge, Skills, Confidence, and Systems Thinking
Authors: Trent Peggy , Dolansky Mary A. , DeBrew Jacqueline Kayler , Petty Gayle M.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Little evidence demonstrates that RN-to-baccalaureate nursing (BSN) graduates have met
The Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice
—specifically, evidence of the graduates' organizational and systems leadership related to quality care and patient safety. This BSN
Essentials
reflects the QSEN quality improvement (QI) competency. The purpose of this pilot study was to develop and test an assessment strategy to measure RN-to BSN students' QI competence and their perception of QI knowledge and skills.

Method:

Students (
N
= 59) from six RN-to-BSN programs participated in a Qualtrics survey e-mailed during the last semester of their program.

Results:

The majority of students (60%) reported that they did not experience QI content in their program. Scores on QI knowledge, skills, and systems thinking were low, yet the students self-reported that they were confident in their ability to perform QI.

Conclusion:

This pilot study provides an assessment strategy to measure students' competence related to QI. Nursing education has an opportunity to integrate and measure QI competence to ensure that nurses have the knowledge and skills to continually improve patient care. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(12):737–740.]
Students' Perceptions of the Psychological Well-Being of a Transgender Client Through Simulation
Authors: Stockmann Cherrill , Diaz Desiree A.
Published: December 2017

Background:

The need to address mental health concerns for transgender clients is imperative. Nursing curricula must prepare students to provide holistic care for individuals within this community. The purpose of this study was to explore undergraduate nursing students' experiences providing mental health care for a transgender client through simulation.

Method:

Focus group interviews were conducted with data analyzed using content analysis.

Results:

The three categories that emerged were limited experience addressing mental health needs, intervening with client anxiety with the subcategories of prioritizing care and collaboration, and therapeutic nurse–client relationship with the subcategory of therapeutic communication.

Conclusion:

Nursing students must be prepared to provide holistic care for transgender individuals. Simulation allowed students to assess the client and evaluate their therapeutic communication in a safe learning environment. Further understanding of mental health care needs of transgender clients is essential for the promotion of their well-being. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(12):741–744.]
Innovative Approach to Senior Practicum Students
Authors: Golightly Melissa , Kennett Natalie , Stout Jacqueline A.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Traditional senior practicum experiences (SPEs) are microsystem based—they allow senior nursing students the opportunity to build professional nursing competencies as they transition into practice. As health care transformation continues unabated, there is a need to work toward closing the gap between nursing academia and nursing practice.

Method:

A cardiovascular service line created an innovative SPE to better prepare senior nursing students for working as professional nurses in a service line model.

Results:

The Senior Practicum Immersion Experience (SPIE) proved to be beneficial to senior practicum students and offered firsthand experience of the role professional nurses play in a service line model. This model increased the number of senior practicum students accepted into the cardiac service line by 50%.

Conclusion:

The SPIE creates an innovative solution to increasing the number of senior practicum students while allowing students the ability to learn and practice in a service line model. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(12):745–747.]
Infusing Systems and Quality Improvement Throughout an Undergraduate Nursing Curriculum
Authors: McComb Sara A. , Kirkpatrick Jane M.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Nurse educators are constantly revising curricula to ensure that graduating nurses have the requisite skills for today's fast-paced, rapidly changing, nonlinear complex care environment. Key nursing education and practice organizations identify systems thinking and quality improvement as essential skills for nurses at the point of care.

Method:

Systems thinking and quality improvement were embedded across a Bachelor of Nursing (BSN) curriculum in a manner that does not dislocate other, more traditional content.

Results:

To date, approximately 500 students have been exposed to the new BSN curriculum. Sustainable approaches, preliminary results, lessons learned, and recommendations for sustainability and replication are discussed.

Conclusion:

Integrating systems thinking and quality improvement with traditional content across the entire undergraduate curriculum exposes students to increasingly sophisticated real-world experiences that highlight the relevance and significance of these skills in the health care context. Feedback from practice partners suggests this approach helps bridge the education and practice gap. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(12):752–757.]
Place et enjeux du traité Sur les éléments selon Hippocrate dans l’œuvre de Galien
Authors: Boudon-Millot Véronique
Published: December 2017

Est d’abord examinée la place du traité Sur les éléments selon Hippocrate au sein du corpus galénique en général, puis par rapport aux commentaires à Hippocrate rédigés par Galien, ainsi que la place originale occupée par le traité par rapport au Commentaire à la Nature de l’homme. La dimension polémique du Sur les éléments, consacré à l’une des questions les plus débattues par les philosophes et les médecins de l’époque romaine, est ensuite mise en évidence. Le débat avec Asclépiade, en particulier, revêt un enjeu de taille puisqu’il s’agit, ni plus ni moins, que d’expliquer la formation et l’organisation des êtres et du monde.
Le nom des éléments (στοιχεῖα) : histoire, sens et emplois selon Galien de Pergame
Authors: Rousseau Nathalie
Published: December 2017

Le nom des éléments (στοιχεῖα) revêt une importance particulière pour Galien de Pergame, qui dit y avoir consacré un livre entier, aujourd’hui perdu, de son traité sur les Noms médicaux. Dans deux textes explicitement reliés aux Éléments selon Hippocrate, le huitième livre des Doctrines d’Hippocrate et de Platon et le Commentaire à la Nature de l’homme d’Hippocrate, il propose ainsi plusieurs analyses détaillées de l’histoire, mais surtout du sens et des emplois de ce terme, en recourant notamment à l’opposition entre emploi « propre » (κυρίως) et emploi « catachrestique » (καταχρηστικῶς), qui relève de la grammaire et de la rhétorique. Un examen de ces analyses et une enquête sur ce que Galien entend par « catachrèse » (κατάχρησις), qui ne coïncide pas exactement, en réalité, avec les théories présentées par les traités sur les Tropes (Περὶ τρόπων) qui nous ont été conservés, éclaire l’intérêt que Galien porte au terme στοιχεῖα, mais aussi les enjeux d’une réflexion sur l’adéquation de la terminologie scientifique aux réalités qu’elle dénomme.
Flexibilité adaptative et gestion du risque : étude de cas des inondations dans l’estuaire de la Gironde (France)
Authors: Touili Nabil , Vanderlinden Jean-Paul
Published: December 2017

Face aux risques d’inondation, les approches actuelles associent mesures relevant du génie civil et hydraulique et mesures relevant de la gouvernance. Les mesures de gouvernance sont, souvent, dans un contexte d’adaptation au changement climatique, associées, en théorie, à l’avantage d’être flexibles, révisables chemin faisant. Or, leur déploiement en Gironde, depuis l’évènement Xynthia, et leur association aux mesures, physique de protection, préexistantes soulève certaines interrogations. Perçues autrefois comme des mesures auxiliaires, les mesures de gouvernance dominent, aujourd’hui, les pratiques de gestion des risques d’inondations. Cet article montre que la transition d’une gestion relevant du génie civil vers une combinaison de mesures physique et de gouvernance se fait, pour les acteurs ruraux concernés, au détriment de la flexibilité associée, en théorie, à la gouvernance. Nous analysons la combinaison actuelle entre ces deux types de mesures à la lumière des incertitudes futures liées aux changements climatiques.
Evaluation of endothelial function and cardiovascular risk in non-obese patients with slight degree of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Devito Fiorella , Zito Annapaola , Dragonieri Silvano , CarratÃ¹ Pierluigi , Quaranta Vitaliano N. , Vitale Francesco , Quaranta Nicola , Panza Francesco , Logroscino Giancarlo , Cameli Matteo , Resta Onofrio , Ciccone Marco Matteo
Published: December 2017

Recently, it has been clearly described an independent relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and cardiovascular risk, with underlying mechanisms also including endothelial dysfunction. We enrolled 32 consecutive non-obese patients (mean age of 39.5Â±11.5 years), of which 16 with mild OSAS and 16 snoring without OSAS. Mild OSAS is defined by an AHI index between 5 and 15. We have investigated if whether there was a relationship between mild OSAS, endothelial function and carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT). The population was divided into two groups: Group 1 (16 simple snorer patients with an average age of 39.4Â±12.1 years) and Group 2 (16 subjects with mild OSAS with an average age of 39.6Â±11.2 years). Each group underwent cardiovascular investigation including measurement of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery and C-IMT. Both groups comprised non-obese subjects. Patients with mild OSAS had serum total cholesterol values statistically significantly higher than simple snores patients (178.6Â±24.9 vs 159.2Â±25.3; p=0.038). OSAS patients had also a trend towards higher values of maximum C-IMT compared to simple snorer patients (0.70Â±0.15 vs 0.65Â±0.16), although below the level of significance. Between the two groups, no difference was found for FMD values. The present results on mild OSAS strengthen the importance of a diagnosis of OSAS as soon as possible, in order to encourage all primary prevention interventions to correct risk factors responsible for disease progression and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, not excluding the use of therapies of non-invasive ventilation even in the early stages of the disease.
Prevalence of intimate partner violence and associated factors amongst women attending antenatal care at Outapi clinic, Namibia: A descriptive survey
Authors: Bikinesi Leonard T. , Mash Robert , Joyner Kate
Published: December 2017

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant and largely hidden public health problem for all women and, during pregnancy, can have significant effects on the health of both mother and the unborn baby. Previous Namibian studies suggest rates of IPV as high as 36%, although few studies have been conducted in primary care.Aim: To determine the prevalence of IPV amongst women attending antenatal care.Setting: Outapi primary care clinic, Namibia.Methods: A descriptive survey administering a validated questionnaire to 386 consecutive participants.Results: The mean age of the participants was 27.5 years (standard deviation = 6.8), 335 (86.8%) were unmarried, 215 (55.7%) had only primary school education and 237 (61.4%) were in their third trimester. Overall, 51 participants (13.2%) had HIV and 44 (11.4%) had teenage pregnancies. The reported lifetime prevalence of IPV was 39 (10.1%), the 12-month prevalence was 35 (9.1%) and the prevalence during pregnancy was 31 (8.0%). Emotional abuse was the commonest type of abuse in 27 (7.0%). The commonest specific abusive behaviour was refusing to provide money to run the house or look after the children whilst the partner spent money on his priorities (4.9%). Increased maternal age was associated with an increase in the occurrence of IPV.Conclusion: The reported lifetime prevalence of IPV was 10.1%, with emotional abuse being the commonest type of abuse. Increased age was associated with an increase in reported IPV. IPV is significant enough to warrant that healthcare providers develop guidelines to assist women affected by IPV in Namibia.
Identifying factors associated with the discharge of male State patients from Weskoppies Hospital
Authors: Prinsloo Riaan G. , Swanepoel Andre , Lippi Gian
Published: December 2017

Background: Designated psychiatric facilities are responsible for the care, treatment and reintegration of State patients. The necessary long-term care places a considerable strain on health-care resources. Resource use should be optimised while managing the risks that patients pose to themselves and the community. Identifying unique factors associated with earlier discharge may decrease the length of stay. Factors associated with protracted inpatient care without discharge could identify patients who require early and urgent intervention.Aim: We identify socio-economic, demographic, psychiatric and charge-related factors associated with the discharge of male State patients.Methods: We reviewed the files of discharged and admitted forensic State patients at Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital. Data were captured in an electronic recording sheet. The association between factors and the outcome measure (discharged vs. admitted) was determined using chi-squared tests and Fischer’s exact tests.Results: Discharged State patients were associated with being a primary caregiver (p = 0.031) having good insight into illness (p = 0.025) or offence (p = 0.005) and having had multiple successful leaves of absences. A lack of substance abuse during admission (p = 0.027), an absence of a diagnosis of substance use disorder (p = 0.013) and the absence of verbal and physical aggression (p = 0.002 and p = 0.016) were associated with being discharged. Prolonged total length of stay (9–12 years, p = 0.031) and prolonged length of stay in open wards (6–9 years, p = 0.000) were associated with being discharged. A history of previous offences (p = 0.022), a diagnosis of substance use disorder (p = 0.023), recent substance abuse (p = 0.018) and a history of physical aggression since admission (p = 0.017) were associated with continued admission.Conclusion: Discharge of State patients is associated with an absence of substance abuse, lack of aggression, multiple successful leave of absences and length of stay in hospital.
Full groups of bounded automaton groups
Authors: Matte Bon Nicolás
Published: December 2017

We show that every bounded automaton group can be embedded in a finitely generated, simple amenable group. The proof is based on the study of the topological full groups associated to the Schreier dynamical system of the mother groups. We also show that if

\mathcal{G}

is a minimal étale groupoid with unit space the Cantor set, the group

[[\mathcal{G}]]_t

generated by all torsion elements in the topological full group has simple commutator subgroup.
Метод синтеза неизбыточных схем, допускающих единичные проверяющие тесты константной длины
Authors: Romanov Dmitrii Sergeevich , Romanova Elena Yurjevna
Published: December 2017

Приводится конструктивное доказательство того, что в каждом из базисов $B'=\{ x\mathbin& y, x\oplus y, x\sim y\}$, $B_1=\{ x\mathbin& y, x\oplus y, 1\}$ любую булеву функцию $n$ переменных можно реализовать:
а) неизбыточной схемой с $n$ входами и одним выходом, допускающей единичный проверяющий тест длины не более 16 при константных неисправностях на входах и выходах элементов,
б) неизбыточной схемой с $n$ входами и одним выходом, допускающей единичный проверяющий тест длины не более $2n-2\log_2 n+O(1)$ при константных неисправностях на входах и выходах элементов и на входах схемы, при этом найдется функция $n$ переменных, которую нельзя реализовать неизбыточной схемой, допускающей тест, длина которого меньше $2n-2\log_2 n-\Omega(1)$,
в) неизбыточной схемой с $n$ входами и тремя выходами, допускающей единичный проверяющий тест длины не более 17 при константных неисправностях на входах и выходах элементов и на входах схемы.
О биюнктивных предикатах над конечным множеством
Authors: Selezneva Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: December 2017

Рассматривается представление предикатов над конечным множеством в виде обобщенных конъюнктивных нормальных форм (ОКНФ). Найдены свойства ОКНФ предикатов, которые сохраняет некоторая функция большинства. Такие предикаты названы обобщенно биюнктивными. На основе полученных свойств предложены более быстрые полиномиальные алгоритмы решения задачи обобщенной выполнимости в случае, когда сохраняет все исходные предикаты некоторая функция большинства.
Предельные распределения статистики Пирсона для неоднородной полиномиальной схемы
Authors: Savelov M P
Published: December 2017

Для неоднородной полиномиальной схемы найдены условия, при которых распределение статистики Пирсона сходится к распределению неотрицательно определенной квадратичной формы от независимых случайных величин со стандартным нормальным распределением.
L’arthroscopie en chirurgie vétérinaire
Authors: Viguier Eric
Published: December 2017

L’arthroscopie est une technique permettant l’observation directe de l’espace et des structures intra-articulaires afin d’établir un diagnostic et de réaliser un traitement pendant le même temps chirurgical. Les avantages de la technique arthroscopique résident en une visualisation et une évaluation des structures articulaires non-osseuses, jusqu’alors peu explorées, grâce à une méthode peu envahissante assurant un retour précoce de la fonction. Chez le cheval de sport, l’arthroscopie s’est rapidement imposée. Chez les carnivores, elle commence à offrir intérêt en raison de l’utilisation d’un matériel de plus petite taille, mais plus fragile et onéreux. De nombreuses indications ainsi que leur traitement sont présentées et illustrées par l’auteur.
La “vaccination assurance” et la “vaccination éradication” : deux conceptions opposées. II - Conséquences pratiques
Authors: Brémaud Olivier , Vindrinet Robert
Published: December 2017

Le cahier des charges du “vaccin éradication” idéal est présenté du point de vue économique et suivant les besoins de l’utilisateur. Les conditions d’acceptation sont discutées.

À l’image des campagnes de lutte antibovipestique panafricaines, des vaccinations-éradication pourraient être conduites sous l’égide, par exemple de l’O.I.E., contre diverses épizooties comme la fièvre aphteuse.
La place des races bovines Abondance et Tarentaise dans une politique d’aménagement du territoire des Alpes du Nord. I - Conséquences de la régression de l’utilisation des zones d’altitude
Authors: Verrier Etienne , Bresson Louis-Marie
Published: December 2017

The part of cattle breeds abondance and tarentaise in environmental management policy in the northern French Alps. I. Consequences of the desertion of high altitude area.

In the Northen French Alps, the main form of agrigulture is dairy cattle production, based on the complementary uses of valley and mountain pastures. The evolution of this area during the last decades was characterized by (i) a dramatic rural depopulation, (ii) a decrease in the number of animals, espcially dairy cows, spending a season in mountain pastures and (iii) a decrease in the number of reproducing cows of the two local breeds, Abondance and Tarentaise. Decreased grazing or desertion of mountain pastures induced expansion of bushes, which increased risks of avalanche and, in places, impeded the development of tourism during summer.
La place des races bovines Abondance et Tarentaise dans une politique d’aménagement du territoire des Alpes du Nord. II - Une dynamique nouvelle en cours
Authors: Verrier Etienne
Published: December 2017

The part of cattle breeds abondance and tarentaise in environmental management policy in the Northern French Alps. II. A new policy in progress.

To stop the rural depopulation as well as to preserve the landscape, a new policy has been introduced in the Northern French Alps. It includes development of infrastucture for modern mountain pasture systems and incitement to increase the quality of products. In particular, the development of production of quality cheese which have an “Appelation d’Origine Contrôlée” (AOC) has increased the profitability of milk production. In that respect, local breeds play an important role because of their hardiness and the high quality of their milk. As a result, the use fo the two local breeds was recently indroduced in the official rules for producing the AOC cheeses from Northern Alps. Therefore, local breeds may constitute an essential tool for environmental management and balanced economical development of areas with difficult natural conditions.
Du cabinet d’Histoire naturelle à la Grande Galerie de l’Évolution
Authors: Galangau-Quérat Fabienne , Petter Francis
Published: December 2017

La Grande Galerie de l’Évolution s’enracine dans une histoire vieille de trois siècles, avec le Cabinet du Jardin Royal des plantes médicinales. Ce cabinet abritait les collections d’histoire naturelle. Devenu trop exigu, on le remplaça par une Galerie de Zoologie. Inaugurée en 1889, celle-ci devait être fermée plus tard en 1966, faute de moyens pour l’entretenir. Commencée en 1989, sa rénovation, inscrite dans le cadre des Grands Travaux du Président de la République, s’est achevée en juin 1994.
La recherche au sein du CNEVA
Authors: Thibier Michel , Laporte Jacques
Published: December 2017

Le CNEVA, jeune établissement public à caractère administratif a vocation à la recherche et l’appui technique en matière d’hygiène, de qualité et de sécurité des aliments, de médicaments vétérinaires et de santé et de protection animales. Il a la double mission innovatrice et normative. La présente communication a pour but dans une première partie de préciser les missions et moyens du CNEVA en matière de recherche en insistant sur les partenariats à rechercher ou à développer. La seconde partie décrit comment le CNEVA utilise les outils les plus modernes de la biologie contemporaine pour atteindre sa mission innovatrice. Des exemples de biologie moléculaire et de génie génétique serviront à illustrer la démarche tant dans le domaine de la santé animale que dans celui de l’hygiène, la qualité et la sécurité des aliments.
Les différentes techniques de diagnostic de la tularémie. Étude critique
Authors: Dufrêne Mireille , Vaissaire Josée
Published: December 2017

Une étude bibliogaphique tend à mettre en lumière les avantages respectifs des différentes méthodes de diagnostic de la tularémie.

La technique d’immunofluorescence utilisant des anticorps monoclonaux semble actuellement offrir toutes les qualités tant scientifiques : spécificité et sensibilité, que techniques : facilité de réalisation, ou qu’humaines : sécurité.
Serious Neurological Adverse Events after Ivermectin—Do They Occur beyond the Indication of Onchocerciasis?
Authors: Chandler Rebecca E.
Published: December 2017

Serious neurological adverse events have been reported from large scale community-based ivermectin treatment campaigns against Onchocerciasis volvulus in Africa. The mechanism of these events has been debated in the literature, largely focusing on the role of concomitant infection with Loa loa versus the presence of mdr-1 gene variants in humans allowing ivermectin penetration into the central nervous system. A case series of serious neurological adverse events occurring with the use of ivermectin outside of the onchocerciasis indication has been identified in VigiBase, an international database of suspected adverse drug reactions. Forty-eight cases have been reported from multiple countries in which ivermectin has been prescribed for multiple indications; clinical review excluded 20 cases with more probable explanations or other exclusion criteria. Within the remaining 28 cases, there is supportive evidence for a causative role of ivermectin including presence of the drug in brain tissue in one case and recurrence of symptoms on repeated exposure in three cases. This series suggests that serious neurological adverse events observed with the use of ivermectin in the treatment of onchocerciasis may not be entirely explained by concomitant high burden loiasis infections. By comparison with the extensive post marketing experience with ivermectin in the successful treatment of parasitic infections, the number of reported cases suggests that such events are likely rare. However, elucidation of individual-level risk factors could contribute to therapeutic decisions that can minimize harms. Further investigation into the potential for drug–drug interactions and explorations of polymorphisms in the mdr-1 gene are recommended.
Genetic Clustering of Tuberculosis in an Indigenous Community of Brazil
Authors: Correia Sacchi Flávia Patussi , Tatara Mariana Bento , Camioli de Lima Camila , Ferreia da Silva Liliane , Cunha Eunice Atsuko , Simonsen Vera , Ferrazoli Lucilaine , Gomes Harrison Magdinier , Gonçalves Vasconcellos Sidra Ezidio , Suffys Philip Noel , Andrews Jason R. , Croda Julio
Published: December 2017

We conducted a population-based study of tuberculosis (TB) from 2009 to 2015 in an indigenous community of Brazil, the largest in the country, to investigate risk factors associated with recent TB transmission. The clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were genotyped by IS6110-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and spoligotyping analysis. Among 67 isolates typed by RFLP, 69% fell into fifteen clusters, and 91% of TB cases with shared IS6110-RFLP pattern were diagnosed within 2 years of another case in the cluster. Individual risk factors associated with genetic clustering were domestic overcrowding (odds ratio [OR]: 6.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50–24.88) and low social class (OR: 3.72; 95% CI: 1.00–13.98). Most reported contacts (76%) were identified within the household of the index TB case, but most of the genetic clustering of M. tuberculosis occurred outside of household (79%). Expanded contacts investigation and prophylaxis outside of household should be considered as a priority for TB control programs in this population.
Seasonal Dynamics of Malaria in Pregnancy in West Africa: Evidence for Carriage of Infections Acquired Before Pregnancy Until First Contact with Antenatal Care
Authors: Berry Isha , Walker Patrick , Tagbor Harry , Bojang Kalifa , Coulibaly Sheick Oumar , Kayentao Kassoum , Williams John , Oduro Abraham , Milligan Paul , Chandramohan Daniel , Greenwood Brian , Cairns Matthew
Published: December 2017

In malaria-endemic areas, Plasmodium falciparum prevalence is often high in young women because of 1) low use of insecticide-treated nets before their first pregnancy and 2) acquired immunity, meaning infections are asymptomatic and thus untreated. Consequently, a common source of malaria in pregnancy (MiP) may be infected women becoming pregnant, rather than pregnant women becoming infected. In this study, prevalence of infection was determined by microscopy at first antenatal care (ANC) visit in primigravidae and secundigravidae in Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mali, and The Gambia, four countries with strong seasonal variations in transmission. Duration of pregnancy spent in the rainy season and other risk factors for infection were evaluated using multivariable Poisson regression. We found that the overall prevalence of malaria at first ANC was generally high and increased with time spent pregnant during the rainy season: prevalence among those with the longest exposure was 59.7% in Ghana, 56.7% in Burkina Faso, 42.2% in Mali, and 16.8% in Gambia. However, the prevalence was substantial even among women whose entire pregnancy before first ANC had occurred in the dry season: 41.3%, 34.4%, 11.5%, and 7.8%, respectively, in the four countries. In multivariable analysis, risk of infection was also higher among primigravidae, younger women, and those of lower socioeconomic status, independent of seasonality. High prevalence among women without exposure to high transmission during their pregnancy suggests that part of the MiP burden results from long-duration infections, including those acquired preconception. Prevention of malaria before pregnancy is needed to reduce the MiP burden.
Estudio de Severidad en el incendio de Albinyana (Catalunya) a partir de datos SENTINEL-2
Authors: Guerrero A. , Pineda L. , Palà V. , Corbera J.
Published: December 2017

The forest fire in Bonastre mountains (an area that has been several times affected by fires) on 06/01/2016, has been studied in order to obtain a Severity index. It is in the municipality of Albinyana, in the Baix Penedès region in Catalonia. The study is considered a starting point for the assessment and monitoring of the dynamics of regeneration of the burned surface. The dNBR index (Delta Normalized Burn Ratio) is obtained from SENTINEL-2 images, and the results are compared with CBI index (Composite Burned Index) obtained from ground survey.

 

This study is a result of the final work of “Màster en Tecnologies de la Informació Geogràfica, 18ª edició”, by the Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) codirected by Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya. 
Selección de parcelas control para estudios de la dinámica post-incendio: desempeño de rutinas no paramétricas y autorregresivas
Authors: Landi M. A. , Ojeda S. , Di Bella C. M. , Salvatierra P. , Argañaraz J. P. , Bellis L. M.
Published: December 2017

Natural fire regimes have been modified; therefore robust post-fire monitoring tools are needed to understand the post-fire recovery process. Satellites with high temporal resolution allow us to build time series of vegetation indices for monitoring post-fire vegetation recovery. One of the techniques used is to compare the time series of a burned plot with that of an unburned control plot. However, for its implementation it is necessary to select control plots in which the vegetation has the same structure and functioning than the plot burned before the fire. Previous study defined biological criteria to detect burned and unburned control plots with identical pre-fire vegetation functioning. Moreover, a non-parametric test routine of low statistical power was proposed to test them, this was based on the analysis of the QVI (Quotient Vegetation Index), calculated between NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) time series of the burned and control site. However, currently there are autoregressive analysis techniques with greater statistical power. Therefore the aims were to propose six new statistical routines based on autoregressive test, and compare the performance of these with the non-parametric routine. We selected 13,700 forest plots and extracted the NDVI MODIS time series between 2002 and 2005. We randomly selected 43 reference plots, and through each routine, we compared each reference time series with the other 13,657 time series. We estimated the performance of the routines measuring the euclidian distance between the time series of the reference plot and the time series of the plots accepted for each routine. We also measured the quality and the amount of the QVI time series selected by each routine. Autoregressive routines showed better performance than the non-parametric routine, since they selected control plots with NDVI time series with greatest similarity with respect to the reference plots and QVI series with highest quality.
CTDAS-Lagrange v1.0: A high-resolution data assimilation system for regional carbon dioxide observations
Authors: He Wei , van der Velde Ivar R. , Andrews Arlyn E. , Sweeney Colm , Miller John , Tans Pieter , van der Laan-Luijkx Ingrid T. , Nehrkorn Thomas , Mountain Marikate , Ju Weimin , Peters Wouter , Chen Huilin
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We have implemented a regional carbon dioxide data assimilation system based on the CarbonTracker Data Assimilation Shell (CTDAS) and a high-resolution Lagrangian transport model, the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model driven by the Weather Forecast and Research meteorological fields (WRF-STILT). With this system, named as CTDAS‑Lagrange, we simultaneously optimize terrestrial biosphere fluxes and four parameters that adjust the lateral boundary conditions (BCs) against CO2 observations from the NOAA ESRL North America tall tower and aircraft Programmable Flask Packages (PFPs) sampling program. Least-squares optimization is performed with a time-stepping ensemble Kalman smoother, over a time window of 10 days and assimilating sequentially a time series of observations. Because the WRF-STILT footprints are pre-computed, it is computationally efficient to run the CTDAS-Lagrange system. To estimate the uncertainties of the optimized fluxes from the system, we performed sensitivity tests with various a priori biosphere fluxes (SiBCASA, SiB3, CT2013B) and BCs (optimized mole fraction fields from CT2013B and CTE2014, and an empirical data set derived from aircraft observations), as well as with a variety of choices on the ways that fluxes are adjusted (additive or multiplicative), covariance length scales, biosphere flux covariances, BC parameter uncertainties, and model-data mismatches. In pseudo-data experiments, we show that in our implementation the additive flux adjustment method is more flexible in optimizing NEE than the multiplicative flux adjustment method, and that the CTDAS-Lagrange system has the ability to correct for the potential biases in the lateral boundary conditions and to resolve large biases in the prior biosphere fluxes. Using real observations, we have derived a range of estimates for the optimized carbon fluxes from a series of sensitivity tests, which places the North American carbon sink for the year 2010 in a range from −0.92 to −1.26 PgC/yr. This is comparable to the TM5-based estimates of CarbonTracker (version CT2016, −0.91 ± 1.10 PgC/yr) and CarbonTracker Europe (version CTE2016, −0.91 ± 0.31 PgC/yr). We conclude that CTDAS-Lagrange can offer a versatile and computationally attractive alternative to these global systems for regional estimates of carbon fluxes, which can take advantage of high-resolution Lagrangian footprints that are increasingly easy to obtain.
Authority baiting as art: On patrol with the Love Police
Authors: Chesney Thomas
Published: December 2017

We study authority baiting on YouTube, videos whose content is constructed around the theme of a filmmaker questioning an authority figure. Using the theoretical context of sousveillance we examine the ideology of these vloggers, the style of their videos, laws and regulations that impact on baiting, and the audience of these performances. We draw conclusions on the existence of this vlogging community based on an imbalance of power. This imbalance stems from the authority figure’s position and from technology. The second of these is now almost completely eroded and these filmmakers are actively trying to erode the first.
Rating mechanisms among participants in sharing economy platforms
Authors: Pettersen Lene
Published: December 2017

This study shares findings from 23 qualitative interviews of participants from five sharing economy platforms in Norway (2016) about how they make sense of rating scores, use rating scores when making decisions and provide ratings of others in sharing economy platforms. Online ratings or review scores in sharing economy services tend to be positive on average. Consumers need to develop a larger awareness about the social mechanisms at play when peers rate each other, how a given platform may control and change rating categories and how rank is measured and presented by algorithms. Rating scores are vital to purchasing decisions.
The use of the Japanese epistemic markers ne, kamo and kana with emoticons in an online female Japanese blogging community
Authors: Kavanagh Barry
Published: December 2017

In this paper the functions of the Japanese epistemic markers ne, kamo and kana combined with emoticons were analyzed from a corpus of online personal blog comments. These combinations were divided into how they emphasized solidarity markers or hedges within the blog comments. Results showed that these devices allowed writers to maintain close and interpersonal relationships in a community of practice where mutual interests bring people together and it is argued that this sense of group harmony is a reflection of Japanese culture.
Aroma Components from Baked Soybean Oil Extracted by CO2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Authors: Weng Xinchu , Wang Tuo , Zhang Chenxiao
Published: December 2017

Baked soybean oil has desired aroma which is loved by most of people. Soybean oil is one of most important vegetable oils consumed in the world. Analysis of aroma components from Baked Soybean Oil extracted by CO2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE-BSO) was performed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The aroma components of SFE-BSO were extracted by Simultaneous Distillation Extraction (SDE). Thirty four aroma compounds in SFE-BSO were identified. 3-Methyl-1-butanol and other eleven compounds were the key aroma compounds of SFE-BSO, which were analyzed by GC-Sniffing technique.
How Early Can Non-Performance Loan Predict Bank Failure? Evidence from US Bank Failure during 2008-2010
Authors: Samad Abdus
Published: December 2017

Probit model was applied on the non-performance loans (NPL) of eight quarters, quarter 1— quarter 8, in determining the significant quarter before the bank was declared failure. The result of the Probit estimates found that as early as one-year ahead (4th quarter-ahead) bank-failure can be alerted and predicted. The NPL of the 4th quarter was a significant predictor of bank failure. The estimates of the model correctly predicts 89.6 percent of the U.S. banks that failed and 97.6 percent of the banks that survived during 2008-2010. Overall, the estimated model correctly predicts 95.5 percent of the observations (89.6 percent of the failure =0 and 97.6 percent of the survival=1 observations).The paper provides policy prescription that bank managements and bank regulators should pay attention to the early quarter(s) that are significant factor (s) for bank failure.
Innovative Practices That Promote Teacher Leader Identity and Development of Teacher Leadership in Professional Development Schools
Authors: Warren Louis L.
Published: December 2017

Professional development schools (PDS) are innovative institutions formed through partnerships between teacher education programs and K–12 schools. This partnership contains many innovative practices of how teachers develop leadership skills over time. Development by its very nature is a process of change that unfolds over time and driven by a culture of inquiry. This chapter will provide some insights of how PDS innovative practices help teachers to become leaders within the profession.
Comprehensive Review of Skiing and Snowboarding Injuries
Authors: Owens Brett D. , Nacca Christopher , Harris Andrew P. , Feller Ross J.
Published: December 2017

Skiing and snowboarding have increased in popularity since the 1960s. Both sports are responsible for a substantial number of musculoskeletal injuries treated annually by orthopaedic surgeons. Specific injury patterns and mechanisms associated with skiing and snowboarding have been identified. No anatomic location is exempt from injury, including the head, spine, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities. In these sports, characteristic injury mechanisms often are related to the position of the limbs during injury, the athlete’s expertise level, and equipment design. Controversy exists about the effectiveness of knee bracing and wrist guards in reducing the incidence of these injuries. Understanding these injury patterns, proper training, and the use of injury prevention measures, such as protective equipment, may reduce the overall incidence of these potentially debilitating injuries.
Prática pedagógica para leitura e escrita: uma concepção inclusiva
Authors: Santos Maria Aparecida Gonçalves dos
Published: December 2017

A Educao Especial objetiva ensinar alunos com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais, fornecer subsdios e diretrizes para aprendizagem e, incluir estes alunos na escola regular. Entretanto, como o professor pode ensinar estes estudantes com diferentes especificidades? Este trabalho iniciou-se com a necessidade de ensinar estudantes que se encontravam aqum do processo pedaggico numa sala de aula regular, crianas com autismo, sndrome de Down, caractersticas de dislexia, atraso cognitivo, dificuldades de aprendizagem e comportamentos inadequados. Oito estudantes do 2 ano do Ensino Fundamental participaram em diferentes anos letivos, com grandes dificuldades. Utilizando uma metodologia especfica para a aprendizagem de leitura e escrita, com memorizao a partir de um grupo de palavras bsicas, os estudantes foram inseridos no processo de alfabetizao. Os resultados foram positivos, estudantes avanaram na aquisio da leitura e escrita, alguns foram alfabetizados. Prticas especficas so imprescindveis para motivao e aprendizagem destes estudantes.