bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three heads are better than one: Cooperative learning brains wire together when a consensus is reached
Authors: Pan Yafeng , Cheng Xiaojun , Hu Yi
Published: November 2021

Theories of human learning converge on the view that individuals working together learn better than do those working alone. Little is known, however, about the neural mechanisms of learning through cooperation. We addressed this research gap by leveraging functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record the brain activity of triad members in a group simultaneously. Triads were instructed to analyze an ancient Chinese poem either cooperatively or independently. Four main findings emerged. First, we observed significant within-group neural synchronization (GNS) in the left superior temporal cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and postcentral gyrus during cooperative learning compared to independent learning. Second, the enhancement of GNS in triads was amplified when a consensus was reached (vs. elaboration or argument) during cooperative learning. Third, GNS was predictive of learning outcome at an early stage (156-170 s after learning was initiated). Fourth, social factors such as social closeness (e.g., how much learners liked one other) were reflected in GNS and co-varied with learning engagement. These results provide neurophysiological support for Piaget’s theory of cognitive development and favor the notion that successful learning through cooperation involves dynamic consensus building, which is captured in neural patterns shared across learners in a group.

Significance Statement

Converging evidence has shown that cooperative learning is more effective than independent learning. An influential pedagogical theory postulates that learners benefit from cooperation through different forms of cognitive elaboration, such as providing elaborated clarifications to others. Alternatively, Piaget’s theory of cognitive development posits that cooperation encourages learners with diverse opinions to reach a consensus during the learning process. Here, we report that unlike individuals who worked alone, the brains of students who worked cooperatively with one another became synchronized. This within-group neural synchronization (GNS) was magnified when learners built mutual consensuses. These findings suggest that successful cooperative learning involves dynamic consensus building, which is reflected in the interpersonal coordination of cerebral activity.
Global non-random abundance of short tandem repeats in rodents and primates
Authors: Arabfard Masoud , Salesi Mahmood , Nourian Yazdan Hassani , Arabipour Iman , Maddi Ali Mohammad Ali , Kavousi Kaveh , Ohadi Mina
Published: November 2021

Background

While of predominant abundance across vertebrate genomes and significant biological implications, the relevance of short tandem repeat (STR) abundance to speciation remains largely elusive and attributed to random coincidence for the most part. In a model study, here we collected whole-genome abundance of mono-, di-, and trinucleotide STRs in nine species, encompassing rodents and primates, including rat, mouse, olive baboon, gelada, macaque, gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobo, and human. The obtained unnormalized and normalized data were used to analyze hierarchical clustering of the STR abundances in the selected species.

Results

We found massive differential abundances between the rodent and primate orders. In addition, while numerous STRs had random abundance across the nine selected species, the global abundance conformed to three consistent , as follows: , , , which coincided with the phylogenetic distances of the selected species (p< 4E-05). Exceptionally, in the trinucleotide STR compartment, human was significantly distant from all other species.

Conclusion

We propose that the global abundance of STRs is non-random in rodents and primates, and probably had a determining impact on the speciation of the two orders. We also propose the STRs and STR lengths which specifically coincided with the phylogeny of the selected species.
A trivalent nucleosome interaction by PHIP/BRWD2 is disrupted in neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer
Authors: Morgan Marc A.J. , Popova Irina K. , Vaidya Anup , Burg Jonathan M. , Marunde Matthew R. , Rendleman Emily J. , Dumar Zachary J. , Watson Rachel , Meiners Matthew J. , Howard Sarah A. , Khalatyan Natalia , Vaughan Robert M. , Rothbart Scott B. , Keogh Michael-C. , Shilatifard Ali
Published: November 2021

Mutations in thePHIP/BRWD2chromatin regulator cause the human neurodevelopmental disorder Chung-Jansen syndrome, while alterations inPHIPexpression are linked to cancer. Precisely how PHIP functions in these contexts is not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that PHIP is a chromatin-associated CRL4 ubiquitin ligase substrate receptor and is required for CRL4 recruitment to chromatin. PHIP binds to chromatin through a trivalent reader domain consisting of a H3K4-methyl binding Tudor domain and two bromodomains (BD1 and BD2). Using semisynthetic nucleosomes with defined histone post-translational modifications, we characterize PHIPs BD1 and BD2 as respective readers of H3K14ac and H4K12ac, and identify human disease-associated mutations in each domain and the intervening linker region that likely disrupt chromatin binding. These findings provide new insight into the biological function of this enigmatic chromatin protein and set the stage for the identification of both upstream chromatin modifiers and downstream targets of PHIP in human disease.
Replication protein A associates with nucleolar R loops and regulates rRNA transcription and nucleolar morphology
Authors: Feng Shuang , Manley James L.
Published: November 2021

The nucleolus is an important cellular compartment in which ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are transcribed and where certain stress pathways that are crucial for cell growth are coordinated. Here we report novel functions of the DNA replication and repair factor replication protein A (RPA) in control of nucleolar homeostasis. We show that loss of the DNA:RNA helicase senataxin (SETX) promotes RPA nucleolar localization, and that this relocalization is dependent on the presence of R loops. Notably, this nucleolar RPA phenotype was also observed in the presence of camptothecin (CPT)-induced genotoxic stress, as well as in SETX-deficient AOA2 patient fibroblasts. Extending these results, we found that RPA is recruited to rDNA following CPT treatment, where RPA prevents R-loop-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Furthermore, we show that loss of RPA significantly decreased 47S pre-rRNA levels, which was accompanied by increased expression of both RNAP II-mediated “promoter and pre-rRNA antisense” RNA as well as RNAP I-transcribed intragenic spacer RNAs. Finally, and likely reflecting the above, we found that loss of RPA promoted nucleolar structural disorganization, characterized by the appearance of reduced size nucleoli. Our findings both indicate new roles for RPA in nucleoli through pre-rRNA transcriptional control and also emphasize that RPA function in nucleolar homeostasis is linked to R-loop resolution under both physiological and pathological conditions.
Recognition of acetylated histone by Yaf9 regulates metabolic cycling of transcription initiation and chromatin regulatory factors
Authors: Zhang Jibo , Gundu Aakanksha , Strahl Brian D.
Published: November 2021

How transcription programs rapidly adjust to changing metabolic and cellular cues remains poorly defined. Here, we reveal a function for the Yaf9 component of the SWR1-C and NuA4 chromatin regulatory complexes in maintaining timely transcription of metabolic genes across the yeast metabolic cycle (YMC). By reading histone acetylation during the oxidative and respiratory phase of the YMC, Yaf9 recruits SWR1-C and NuA4 complexes to deposit H2A.Z and acetylate H4, respectively. Increased H2A.Z and H4 acetylation during the oxidative phase promotes transcriptional initiation and chromatin machinery occupancy and is associated with reduced RNA polymerase II levels at genes—a pattern reversed during transition from oxidative to reductive metabolism. Prevention of Yaf9-H3 acetyl reading disrupted this pattern of transcriptional and chromatin regulator recruitment and impaired the timely transcription of metabolic genes. Together, these findings reveal that Yaf9 contributes to a dynamic chromatin and transcription initiation factor signature that is necessary for the proper regulation of metabolic gene transcription during the YMC. They also suggest that unique regulatory mechanisms of transcription exist at distinct metabolic states.
The first two decades of Circular Economy in the 21st century: a bibliographic review
Authors: Anaruma João Francisco Pinto , Oliveira Jorge Henrique Caldeira de , Anaruma Filho Francisco , Freitas Wesley Ricardo de Souza , Teixeira Adriano Alves
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and map the main areas of the Circular Economy literature of the first two decades of 21st century, offering a broad vision about the growth of the theme during these years.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was divided into two stages: the first was a systematic review of literature and the second consisted on generation and analysis of bibliographic maps.

Findings

The publication indicates the prominence of China and European Union countries in the production of articles about Circular Economy. Furthermore, the topic is restricted to academic area, and that research on Circular Economy is still very focused on theory studies, even with exponential growth in the number of published articles about the theme since 2015. Finally, it also provides a collection of information as the principal authors, the most cited publications, citations, co-citations and countries that have most published beyond which are the most discussed topics.

Research limitations/implications

A possible limitation of the research is that it was performed only in the Scopus database. It may be suggested as future searches that other databases are included as well, and another suggestion is to reduce the time period between research samples due to the exponential increase in the number of publications and topics discussed lately.

Practical implications

The results of this paper can guide future researches about the development of Circular Economy during the next decades or years and serve as a facilitator for researchers and for managers that want to know more about the topic.

Originality/value

A mapping of the principal players and main discussions about Circular Economy made in the first two decades of the 21st century and an analysis about the growth and changes about the theme.
Design of ternary subtractor using multiplexers
Authors: Kolanti Tulasi Naga Jyothi , K.S. Vasundhara Patel
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to design multiplexers (MUXs) based on ternary half subtractor and full subtractor using carbon nanotube field-effect transistors.

Design/methodology/approach

Conventionally, the binary logic functions are developed by using the binary decision diagram (BDD) systems. Each node in BDD is replaced by 2:1 MUX to implement the digital circuits. Similarly, in the ternary decision diagram, each node has to be replaced by 3:1 MUX. In this paper, ternary transformed BDD is used to design the ternary subtractors using 2:1 MUXs.

Findings

The performance of the proposed ternary half subtractor and full subtractor using the 2:1 MUX are compared with the 3:1 MUX-based ternary circuits. It has been observed that the delay, power and power delay product values are reduced, respectively, by 67.6%, 84.3%, 94.9% for half subtractor and 67.7%, 70.1%, 90.3% for full subtractor. From the Monte Carlo simulations, it is observed that the propagation delay and power dissipation of the proposed subtractors are increased by increasing the channel length due to process variations. The stability test is also performed and observed that the stability increases as the channel length and diameter are increased.

Originality/value

The proposed half subtractor and full subtractor show better performance over the existing subtractors.
Long-run drivers and integration in interprovincial Canadian housing price relations
Authors: Vishwakarma Vijay Kumar
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the integration of housing markets in Canada by examining housing price data (1999–2016) of six metropolitan areas in different provinces, namely, Calgary, Vancouver, Winnipeg, Toronto, Montreal and Halifax. The authors test for cointegration, driver cities of long-run relationships, long-run Granger causality and instantaneous causality in light of the global financial crisis (GFC) (2007–2008).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use Johansen’s system cointegration approach with structural breaks. Moving average representation is used for common stochastic trend(s) analysis. Finally, the authors apply vector error correction model-based Granger causality and instantaneous causality.

Findings

Cities’ housing prices are in long-run equilibrium. Post-crisis Canadian housing markets became more integrated. The Calgary, Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal markets drive the Canadian housing market, leading all cities toward long-run equilibrium. Strong long-run Granger causality exists, but the authors observe no instantaneous causality. Price information takes time to disseminate, and long-run price adjustments play a significant role in causation.

Practical implications

The findings of cointegration increasing after the GFC and strong lead–lag can be used by investors to arbitrage and optimize portfolios. This can also help national and local policymakers in mitigating risk. Incorporating these findings can lead to better price forecasting.

Originality/value

This study presents many novelties for the Canadian housing market: it is the first to use repeat-sales regional pricing indices to test long-run behaviors, conduct common stochastic trend analyzes and present causality relations.
Prioritizing risks with composition of probabilistic preferences and weighting of FMEA criteria for fast decision-making in complex scenarios
Authors: de Souza Fábio Henrique , Gavião Luiz Octávio , Sant'Anna Annibal Parracho , Lima Gilson B.A.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study aims to develop a risk prioritization process using failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) in association with composition of probabilistic preferences (CPP) and weighting the risk analysis criteria. It seeks to develop decision-making considering the fast response necessary to achieve project objectives in complex scenarios, such as the pandemic of COrona VIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19).

Design/methodology/approach

After identifying the risks, the prioritization process was applied to a project in the oil and gas area, in which a focus group assessed these risks. This evaluation took place employing traditional FMEA, FMEA with CPP by axes considering four points of view and FMEA with CPP by weighted sum with the use of a multicriteria method to weight the criteria. These approaches were compared to understand their differences and benefits, with a flow chart being developed, consolidating the procedure.

Findings

The methodologies that showed the greatest benefits were FMEA with CPP by axes PO (progressive-optimistic) and by weighted sum. Essentially, this was mainly related to the interrelationship between risks and to the importance of prioritization.

Originality/value

This procedure can consider company's views on what is critical and the interrelationship between risks. It provides a clear segmentation of what should and should not be prioritized. It was also developed in a practical case, showing a possible alternative to support fast responses in decision-making.
Three good things in nature: a nature-based positive psychological intervention to improve mood and well-being for depression and anxiety
Authors: Keenan Rosaline , Lumber Ryan , Richardson Miles , Sheffield David
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Visiting and connecting with nature through psychological interventions improves well-being within the general population. However, few such interventions have been conducted in clinically relevant populations. This paper aims to address this gap by investigating the effectiveness of a nature-based psychological intervention within a clinically relevant sample.

Design/methodology/approach

An experimental design using a noticing Three Good Things in Nature (TGTiN) task during a nature based or urban (control) walk was conducted with nature connectedness, well-being, positive and negative affect measured at baseline, post and six-week follow-up. Individuals living with depression and/or anxiety (n = 50; 39 having a diagnosis) were randomly allocated to 30 min walking in nature or urban environments for five consecutive days.

Findings

An ANCOVA, with age as co-variate, showed a significant effect of time by condition on all variables: nature connectedness ηp2 = 0.34; positive affect ηp2 = 0.42; negative affect ηp2 = 0.66; well-being ηp2 = 0.29. Post-hoc tests indicated a significant increase in nature connectedness and positive affect in the nature versus an urban walk at post and follow-up. Negative affect decreased in the nature walk at post intervention, while well-being was significantly greater in the nature walk at follow-up.

Originality/value

The TGTiN intervention effectively improves positive affect, and well-being in clinically relevant populations, although replication with a larger sample is warranted.
The role of reciprocity and reputation in service relationships with arts organisations
Authors: Toscani Giulio , Prendergast Gerard
Published: November 2021

Purpose

In an arts organisation context, this paper aims to further the understanding of service relationships by developing a framework explaining how sponsored arts organisations could better manage their relationships with sponsors to facilitate mutual benefit and relationship persistence.

Design/methodology/approach

Grounded theory methodology was applied to sponsorship of arts organisations through interviews with the managers of arts organisations worldwide who had been involved in seeking and managing sponsorship relationships.

Findings

Reciprocity was found to be the key factor in successful sponsorship relationships, but emotional reference to reputation was also important. Together they link uncertainty in the complex sponsorship environment with an arts organisation’s artistic ambitions.

Practical implications

This study extends the understanding of service relationships by shedding light on the sponsorship relationship from the sponsored organisation’s point of view and in particular highlighting the role of reciprocity in managing the relationship with their sponsor.

Originality/value

Understanding the moderating roles of reciprocity and reputation in sponsorship relationships helps to explain key facets of such relationships which can partially negate sponsor benefits and threaten a sponsorship’s continuation.
Elderly smallholder farmers’ perceptions of and adaptation to climate variability and change in rural Ghana
Authors: Appiah Divine Odame , Asante Felix , Antwi-Boadi Lois , Serbeh Richard
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to examine elderly smallholder farmers’ perceptions of and adaptation to climate variability and change in the Offinso Municipality, Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper used quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were analyzed with frequencies and chi-square tests, whereas qualitative data were thematically analyzed.

Findings

The results showed that elderly smallholder farmers’ knowledge of climate variability and climate change were based on their sex, level of formal education and experience in farming. Elderly smallholder farmers adopted both on-farm and off-farm strategies to cope with climate change and variability. The vulnerability of elderly smallholder farmers to climate change calls for social protection mechanisms such as a pension scheme that guarantees access to monthly cash transfers. Such a scheme will ease constraints to livelihood and ensure improved well-being.

Originality/value

Elderly smallholder farmers have remained invisible in discourses on perceptions and adaptation to climate change despite the surge in number of this category of farmers. This paper therefore represents an attempt to highlight the experiences of elderly smallholder farmers with climate variability and change.
Interactions between Bdellovibrio and like organisms and bacteria in biofilms: beyond predator–prey dynamics
Authors: Mookherjee Abhirup , Jurkevitch Edouard
Published: November 2021

Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs) prey on Gram‐negative bacteria in the planktonic phase as well as in biofilms, with the ability to reduce prey populations by orders of magnitude. During the last few years, evidence has mounted for a significant ecological role for BALOs, with important implications for our understanding of microbial community dynamics as well as for applications against pathogens, including drug‐resistant pathogens, in medicine, agriculture and aquaculture, and in industrial settings for various uses. However, our understanding of biofilm predation by BALOs is still very fragmentary, including gaps in their effect on biofilm structure, on prey resistance, and on evolutionary outcomes of both predators and prey. Furthermore, their impact on biofilms has been shown to reach beyond predation, as they are reported to reduce biofilm structures of non‐prey cells (including Gram‐positive bacteria). Here, we review the available literature on BALOs in biofilms, extending known aspects to potential mechanisms employed by the predators to grow in biofilms. Within that context, we discuss the potential ecological significance and potential future utilization of the predatory and enzymatic possibilities offered by BALOs in medical, agricultural and environmental applications.
A Real Challenge to Neoliberal Higher Education? Assessing the Outcomes of Ten Years of Higher Education Students' Protests in Chile
Authors: Guzmán Sebastián G. , Álvarez Vandeputte Javier
Published: November 2021

In 2011, Chilean higher education students led the most massive protests in two decades demanding ‘public, free, and quality education’. The institutional consequences of the protests have not been properly studied until now. We assess students' institutional gains – in legislation, executive decisions, judicial decisions, and university policies – in all their demands related to neoliberal higher education. We show that the movement has had important successes, especially in financial terms, but the power of corporations remains mostly untouched. Contradicting some narratives, comparable gains occurred during both the right‐wing and centre‐left administrations, highlighting the difficulties of challenging neoliberal corporate policies.
Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer (RALAR study): A nationwide retrospective study of the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology Colorectal Cancer Network Collaborative Group
Authors: Degiuli Maurizio , Elmore Ugo , De Luca Raffaele , De Nardi Paola , Tomatis Mariano , Biondi Alberto , Persiani Roberto , Solaini Leonardo , Rizzo Gianluca , Soriero Domenico , Cianflocca Desiree , Milone Marco , Turri Giulia , Rega Daniela , Delrio Paolo , Pedrazzani Corrado , De Palma Giovanni D. , Borghi Felice , Scabini Stefano , Coco Claudio , Cavaliere Davide , Simone Michele , Rosati Riccardo , Reddavid Rossella ,   and collaborators from the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology Colorectal Cancer Network Collaborative Group
Published: November 2021

Aim

Anastomotic leakage after restorative surgery for rectal cancer shows high morbidity and related mortality. Identification of risk factors could change operative planning, with indications for stoma construction. This retrospective multicentre study aims to assess the anastomotic leak rate, identify the independent risk factors and develop a clinical prediction model to calculate the probability of leakage.

Methods

The study used data from 24 Italian referral centres of the Colorectal Cancer Network of the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology. Patients were classified into two groups, AL (anastomotic leak) or NoAL (no anastomotic leak). The effect of patient‐, disease‐, treatment‐ and postoperative outcome‐related factors on anastomotic leak after univariable and multivariable analysis was measured.

Results

A total of 5398 patients were included, 552 in group AL and 4846 in group NoAL. The overall incidence of leaks was 10.2%, with a mean time interval of 6.8 days. The 30‐day leak‐related mortality was 2.6%. Sex, body mass index, tumour location, type of approach, number of cartridges employed, weight loss, clinical T stage and combined multiorgan resection were identified as independent risk factors. The stoma did not reduce the leak rate but significantly decreased leak severity and reoperation rate. A nomogram with a risk score (RALAR score) was developed to predict anastomotic leak risk at the end of resection.

Conclusions

While a defunctioning stoma did not affect the leak risk, it significantly reduced its severity. Surgeons should recognize independent risk factors for leaks at the end of rectal resection and could calculate a risk score to select high‐risk patients eligible for protective stoma construction.
Opportunities and challenges of human–python conflict intervention in local communities adjacent to Nyanga National Park, Zimbabwe
Authors: Dube Kundai Ropafadzo , Kavhu Blessing
Published: November 2021

Conservation of wildlife often results in the protection of endangered species, like the Southern African python (Python natalensis). However, wildlife tends to occur both in protected areas and human settlements and the latter results in human–wildlife conflict (HWC). Often when the species involved threaten human life and/or livestock, wildlife authorities react through Problem Animal Control (PAC). The successes and challenges of this practice often vary. We present opportunities and challenges in the practical interventions to minimize human–python conflict by the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (ZPWMA) in communities adjacent to Nyanga National Park (NNP). We draw on station reports and reactions of human–python conflicts (2013–2020), our involvement with communities when human–python interactions occur, and discussions with stakeholders, extension officers, and wildlife rangers and managers responsible for coordinating PAC programs. We observed that the number of human–python conflict reports have decreased in the past 5 years. Furthermore, ZPWMA's efforts to resolve HWC through PAC reactions in concert with education and awareness, as well as collaborating with stakeholders, contributed to addressing the conflict. We propose four key action areas to strengthen intervention plans and procedures. The action areas involve (i) establishing the population and distribution structure of P. natalensis, (ii) evaluation of successes of capture and release, (iii) establishing the link between python age and involvement in human–python conflicts, and (iv) assessing community perceptions towards human–python conflict reports and interventions by the ZPWMA.
History, demography and genetic status of Balkan and Caucasian Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) populations revealed by genome‐wide variation
Authors: Bazzicalupo Enrico , Lucena‐Perez Maria , Kleinman‐Ruiz Daniel , Pavlov Aleksandar , Trajçe Aleksandër , Hoxha Bledi , Sanaja Bardh , Gurielidze Zurab , Kerdikoshvili Niko , Mamuchadze Jimsher , Yarovenko Yuriy A. , Akkiev Muzigit I. , Ratkiewicz Mirosław , Saveljev Alexander P. , Melovski Dime , Gavashelishvili Alexander , Schmidt Krzysztof , Godoy José A.
Published: November 2021

Aim

Genome‐wide genetic data can provide key input for both taxonomy and conservation, but its use in this context remains limited. In this study, we performed the first genome‐wide assessment of genetic variation in two populations of the Eurasian lynx, the Balkan population, the most threatened, and the Caucasian population, a possible glacial refugium, with the aim to place them in the context of the species, investigate their demographic history and evaluate their genetic status.

Location

The Balkans and the Caucasus.

Methods

We obtained whole genome resequencing data from seven Balkan and 12 Caucasian lynx, and analysed them along with novel and existing data from other populations. Based on a total 105 whole genome and 114 mitogenome sequences, we reconstructed phylogenetic and historical relationships, ancient and recent demography, and patterns of genetic diversity and inbreeding.

Results

Both the Balkan and the Caucasian lynx appear as distinct mitochondrial lineages that diverged from the rest of the Eurasian lynx lineages ca. 92.6 kya, and from each other ca. 46.4 kya. Autosomal data suggest, however, that the Balkan lynx is closely related with the Carpathian population, and revealing alarmingly low genetic diversity and high inbreeding. In contrast, the Caucasian lynx shows a longer history of relative isolation from the rest of lynx populations and high genetic diversity, consistent with its large long‐term effective population size.

Main conclusions

The taxonomic status of the Balkan lynx remains unresolved due to the evidence of long‐term isolation in the mitogenome, contrasting with extensive autosomal admixture and intense recent genetic drift in the nuclear genome. Our results alert on genetic risks and call for the consideration of genetic rescue from closely related Carpathian lynxes. In contrast, substantial mitogenomic and autosomal divergence with no signs of genetic drift supports the identification of the Caucasian lynx as a separate subspecies with good genetic health.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided entero‐enterostomy with a hybrid biflanged metal stent for relief of afferent loop syndrome
Authors: Lin Jung‐Chun , Hwang Yo‐Hsien , Wang Hsiu‐Po
Published: November 2021

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Beyond complete endoscopic healing: Goblet appearance using an endocytoscope to predict future sustained clinical remission in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Takishima Kazumi , Maeda Yasuharu , Ogata Noriyuki , Misawa Masashi , Mori Yuichi , Homma Mayumi , Nemoto Tetsuo , Miyata Yuki , Akimoto Yoshika , Mochida Kentaro , Takashina Yuki , Tanaka Kenta , Ichimasa Katsuro , Nakamura Hiroki , Sasanuma Seiko , Kudo Toyoki , Hayashi Takemasa , Wakamura Kunihiko , Miyachi Hideyuki , Baba Toshiyuki , Ishida Fumio , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Kudo Shin‐ei
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Complete endoscopic healing, defined as Mayo endoscopic score (MES) = 0, is an optimal target in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, some patients with MES = 0 show clinical relapse within 12 months. Histologic goblet mucin depletion has emerged as a predictor of clinical relapse in patients with MES = 0. We observed goblet depletion in vivo using an endocytoscope, and analyzed the association between goblet appearance and future prognosis in UC patients.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, all enrolled UC patients had MES = 0 and confirmed clinical remission between October 2016 and March 2020. We classified the patients into two groups according to the goblet appearance status: preserved‐goblet and depleted‐goblet groups. We followed the patients until March 2021 and evaluated the difference in cumulative clinical relapse rates between the two groups.

Results

We identified 125 patients with MES = 0 as the study subjects. Five patients were subsequently excluded. Thus, we analyzed the data for 120 patients, of whom 39 were classified as the preserved‐goblet group and 81 as the depleted‐goblet group. The patients were followed‐up for a median of 549 days. During follow‐up, the depleted‐goblet group had a significantly higher cumulative clinical relapse rate than the preserved‐goblet group (19% [15/81] vs. 5% [2/39], respectively; P = 0.02).

Conclusions

Observing goblet appearance in vivo allowed us to better predict the future prognosis of UC patients with MES = 0. This approach may assist clinicians with onsite decision‐making regarding treatment interventions without a biopsy.
Efficient visual screening of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus
Authors: Hiraga Hirokuni , Ishita Yuuki , Chihara Takahiro , Okumura Misako
Published: November 2021

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has been applied to a wide variety of organisms, including nematodes such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Pristionchus pacificus. In these nematodes, genome editing is achieved by microinjection of Cas9 protein and guide RNA into the hermaphrodite gonads. However, P. pacificus is less efficient in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and exogenous gene expression. Therefore, it takes considerable time and effort to screen for target mutants if there are no visual markers that indicate successful injection. To overcome this problem, co‐injection markers (gRNA for Ppa‐prl‐1, which induces the roller phenotype, and Ppa‐egl‐20p::turboRFP, a plasmid expressing a fluorescent protein) have been developed in P. pacificus. By selecting worms with the roller phenotype or turboRFP expression, screening efficiency is substantially increased to obtain worms with desired mutations. Here, we describe a step‐by‐step protocol for the visual screening system for CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in P. pacificus. We also describe technical tips for microinjection, which is difficult for beginners. This protocol will facilitate genome editing in P. pacificus and may be applied to other nematode species.
Using Classification Tree Models to Determine Course Placement
Authors: Lee Chansoon
Published: November 2021

Appropriate placement into courses at postsecondary institutions is critical for the success of students in terms of retention and graduation rates. To reduce the number of students who are misplaced, using multiple measures in placing students is encouraged. However, in practice most postsecondary schools utilize only a few measures to determine course placement. One of the reasons is the lack of research on methodologies that can be used to develop and establish appropriate cutoff scores using multiple measures. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the classification tree model is a useful alternative approach to the multiple logistic regression model for placement into college courses. For comparison, this research examined the approaches' effectiveness and predictive accuracy for College Algebra. Data were obtained from two medium‐sized four year, midwestern institutions. Using two well‐known tree models, important measures and their cutoff scores for College Algebra were determined. The findings of this study showed that tree models were an effective alternative approach. Tree models also performed better than, or as well as, the multiple logistic regression model in predictive accuracy.
Age‐ and sex‐specific pediatric reference intervals for neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio, and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio
Authors: Moosmann Julia , Krusemark Anja , Dittrich Sven , Ammer Tatjana , Rauh Manfred , Woelfle Joachim , Metzler Markus , Zierk Jakob
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) are emerging biomarkers for systemic inflammation and have been shown to predict morbidity and mortality for several diseases. However, lack of pediatric reference intervals (RIs) prevents their comprehensive use in patient care and medical research.

Material and Methods

We calculated reference intervals and corresponding confidence intervals for NLR, PLR, and LMR from birth to 18 years using a data‐mining approach: We analyzed 232 746 blood counts from 60 685 patients performed during patient care and excluded patients with elevated C‐reactive protein and procalcitonin. Test results were separated according to age and sex, and the distribution of physiological ratios was estimated using an indirect approach (refineR). Additionally, we investigated the ratios’ diagnostic benefit for different inflammatory diseases (acute appendicitis, asthma, Bell's palsy, Henoch‐Schonlein purpura, and cystic fibrosis) using the newly obtained reference intervals.

Results

We estimated age‐ and sex‐specific reference intervals from birth to adulthood for NLR, PLR, and LMR. Analyses in pediatric inflammatory diseases showed that PLR and LMR were poor markers to detect the examined inflammatory diseases, while NLR was significantly increased in patients with appendicitis and asthma.

Conclusion

We provide pediatric reference intervals for NLR, PLR, and LMR to improve the interpretation of these biomarkers in children.
‘As in a Mirror’: Jonathan Edwards, Self‐Love and Enlarging to Receive Another
Authors: Strobel Kyle
Published: November 2021

Through a robust deployment of visual metaphors, Jonathan Edwards’s theology utilizes notions of vision to articulate his doctrine of God, creation, anthropology, redemption and ultimately glorification. Focusing on anthropology, this article attends to how human beings are constituted through sight, and reconstituted (i.e. regenerated) as they are contemplated in the Son and as they are given a vision of the Father in the Son by the Spirit of illumination. Put differently, Edwards’s anthropology is ordered around its teleology of becoming like God only if one can ‘see him as he is’ (1 Jn 3:2), which is anticipated by faith in this present age and ‘through a mirror dimly’ (1 Jn 13:12). After mooring his anthropology to broader theological concerns, the article narrows to consider how Edwards’s idiosyncratic personalism is developed around the notion of a ‘reflective self’ that can enlarge to internalize an ‘other’. Clarifying this notion is a brief comparison of a similar construction in Thomas Aquinas, showing how Edwards’s theory of loving neighbor as oneself is a unique contribution to questions concerning personhood, self‐love and neighbor‐love.
Emerging roles for endogenous retroviruses in immune epigenetic regulation*
Authors: Buttler Carmen A. , Chuong Edward B.
Published: November 2021

In recent years, there has been significant progress toward understanding the transcriptional networks underlying mammalian immune responses, fueled by advances in regulatory genomic technologies. Epigenomic studies profiling immune cells have generated detailed genome‐wide maps of regulatory elements that will be key to deciphering the regulatory networks underlying cellular immune responses and autoimmune disorders. Unbiased analyses of these genomic maps have uncovered endogenous retroviruses as an unexpected ally in the regulation of human immune systems. Despite their parasitic origins, studies are finding an increasing number of examples of retroviral sequences having been co‐opted for beneficial immune function and regulation by the host cell. Here, we review how endogenous retroviruses have given rise to numerous regulatory elements that shape the epigenetic landscape of host immune responses. We will discuss the implications of these elements on the function, dysfunction, and evolution of innate immunity.
COVID‐19 and hedge fund equity ownership
Authors: Samarbakhsh Laleh , Singh Amanjot
Published: November 2021

This study investigates hedge funds equity ownership in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using the merged dataset of Lipper TASS hedge funds and the corresponding 13F filings, we find that with the start of the pandemic, hedge funds increased their equity ownership toward firms with less financial constraints, such as larger firms, firms with lower leverage, and more profitability. Moreover, hedge funds increased their ownership in firms which had higher overall risk (political and non‐political), and lower overall sentiment. Hedge funds also care about firms' exposure/sensitivity toward different political issues such as health care, technology & infrastructure, and security & defense. This suggests that hedge funds seek equity ownership in riskier stocks as a result of pandemic uncertainties.
Is the stereotype of welfare recipients associated with type of welfare state regime? A cross‐national meta‐regression of the stereotype content model
Authors: Schofield Timothy P. , Suomi Aino , Butterworth Peter
Published: November 2021

The association of societal‐level structural factors with stereotypes and stigma can be examined using the stereotype content model (SCM). The main aim of the current study was to review and synthesize all available research data of SCM dimensions of Warmth and Competence perceptions of welfare recipients, and compare the ratings in different types of social welfare regimes (Nordic, Conservative, and Liberal). To do this, we reviewed all published literature using the SCM methodology to assess stereotypes of welfare recipients and perfomed a cross‐national meta‐regression of 17 datasets (total N = 1797) drawn from six countries representing three types of welfare regimes. In each of the studies, participants were asked how others in their country viewed welfare recipients on the dimensions of warmth and competence. We predicted and found support for the hypothesis that countries with a Nordic welfare regime have a warmer cultural stereotype of welfare recipients than countries with a Liberal or Conservative regime. However, the expected association between Liberal welfare regime and incompetence stereotypes was not found. Supplementary analyses showed that the type of welfare regime better explained country differences in welfare stereotypes than country differences in income inequality. This study demonstrates how stereotypes of warmth and competence vary across welfare regimes, adding to knowledge about how societal‐level factors are related to cultural stereotypes.
Convective and microwave drying of coriander leaves: Kinetics characteristics and modeling, phenolic contents, antioxidant activity, and principal component analysis
Authors: Mouhoubi Khokha , Boulekbache‐Makhlouf Lila , Mehaba Wafa , Himed‐Idir Hayat , Madani Khodir
Published: November 2021

In this study, coriander leaves were subjected to two different drying techniques: convective (40, 80, and 120°C) and microwave (100, 500, and 1,000 W). The effects of both processes on the kinetic parameters variation, modeling, and phytochemical quality were studied. Kinetic parameters variation showed that time reduction (2.53 min), high drying rate (3.08 kg water/kg dm min), and high diffusivity (1.21 × 10−10 m2/s) were obtained during microwave drying. For energy consumption, an opposite trend was observed between the variation in the specific electrical energy consumption (SECe), which is significant during convective drying (208.33 × 10+07 MJ/kg H2O), and the energy efficiency (EE), which is obtained during microwave one (12.16 × 10−03%). The kinetic data modeling done on 23 empirical models allowed us to choose the Sledz model as the best describing the drying kinetics of coriander since it presented better predictive performances with .9947 < adjusted R2 < .9995, 0.0001 < χ2 < 0.0005, and 0.0070 < RMSE<0.0228 values. In relation to the bioactive compounds, the highest values of the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities (ABTs and DPPH) were observed during microwave drying with 0.37 mg GAE/mL, 83.33, and 71.94%, respectively. Correlations between kinetic parameters, energy consumption as well as phytochemical quality were established using principal component analysis (PCA). As a result, the innovative microwave process proved to be the best method for drying coriander leaves.

Practical applications

The evolution of technological conservation processes has led to the development of a wide range of modern drying processes. The success of these processes can be explained by the many advantages attributed to them: shorter drying times, high drying rate, high energy efficiency, and product quality. The most difficult is the appropriate choice of a drying method with highly energy efficient and consumes less energy while maintaining the best quality. Fresh coriander leaves are widely used to flavor foods. However, they are highly perishable and require immediate processing or preservation. Thus, the objective of this study is to compare two drying processes, convective and microwave drying of coriander leaves based on kinetic data, modeling, calculation of moisture diffusivity and energy consumption, as well as evaluation of the dried powders quality. The results obtained will be useful for the technological design of convective or microwave drying for coriander leaves preservation.
Psychedelic‐inspired approaches for treating neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Saeger Hannah N. , Olson David E.
Published: November 2021

Psychedelics are increasingly being recognized for their potential to treat a wide range of brain disorders including depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorder. Their broad therapeutic potential might result from an ability to rescue cortical atrophy common to many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases by impacting neurotrophic factor gene expression, activating neuronal growth and survival mechanisms, and modulating the immune system. While the therapeutic potential of psychedelics has not yet been extended to neurodegenerative disorders, we provide evidence suggesting that approaches based on psychedelic science might prove useful for treating these diseases. The primary target of psychedelics, the 5‐HT2A receptor, plays key roles in cortical neuron health and is dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, evidence suggests that psychedelics and related compounds could prove useful for treating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). While more research is needed to probe the effects of psychedelics in models of neurodegenerative diseases, the robust effects of these compounds on structural and functional neuroplasticity and inflammation clearly warrant further investigation.

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Experiences of endometriosis‐associated infertility among women and their partners: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Heng Fiona Wenyan , Shorey Shefaly
Published: November 2021

Aims and Objectives

To consolidate and synthesise the current available literature regarding the experiences of endometriosis‐associated infertility among women and their partners.

Background

Endometriosis is highly associated with infertility which in turn affects many women and their partners in their prime reproductive age.

Design

A qualitative systematic review and meta‐synthesis was conducted using the PRISMA checklist.

Methods

Seven electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) were searched until October 2020. Qualitative studies exploring the experiences of women and/or their partners aged 18 years and above with endometriosis‐associated infertility regardless of marital or co‐inhabitation status and sexual orientation were included. Studies examining women and/or partners without clinical diagnosis of endometriosis and studies which only focused on the psychosocial experiences of endometriosis were excluded. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist was used to conduct quality appraisal while the Sandelowski and Barroso's two‐step approach was used to meta‐summarise and meta‐synthesise the data from the included studies.

Results

Thirteen studies were included. Five themes (1) Emotional response to the diagnosis, (2) Influence on family planning, (3) Desperation to gradual acceptance, (4) Revision of expected life trajectories and (5) Altered dynamics within the couple unit were derived.

Conclusion

Endometriosis causes great psychological distress among women and their partners. Family planning decisions were especially challenging to make for the couples. Unsuccessful attempts at conceiving were extremely distressing but some couples eventually accepted their situation, with some opting for hysterectomy for health reasons.

Relevance to clinical practice

Current findings highlight the need for psychosocial support, in‐depth fertility counselling and couple‐based therapies to support the women with endometriosis and their partners.