bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of innovative technologies in basketball
Authors: Vaskevich S. , Shkondya V.
Published: October 2020

The article deals with innovative technologies for basketball. Introduction of fitness in the training process of basketball players. The influence of fitness training on the recovery of athletes, the development of strength, endurance, agility and speed of basketball players is studied. The beneficial effect on the athlete's health is accompanied by the development of a stable psyche and strong-willed character of the athlete. Complex physical fitness training increases initiative and sociability of the individual on the court, develops physical qualities and improves the results of the game, and the dynamic process of competition motivates to find creative solutions in difficult situations. Therefore, to win competitions and improve the athletic performance of athletes, it is necessary to use innovative technologies for training basketball players. Fitness programs help to increase the interest and involvement of young people in physical culture and sports. The versatility of a relatively new direction, namely the varieties of fitness, makes it possible to engage in it not only for girls, but also for guys, highly qualified athletes, which makes it possible to diversify classes. It is proved that systematic physical exercises not only improve physical qualities, but also support mental performance at an optimal level, as well as contribute to strengthening the emotional stability of athletes. A condition for the proper development of fitness technologies are uniform requirements for their compilation. These include specific goals and objectives. The choice of fitness tools and methods that have health-improving value, are rationally balanced in orientation, power and volume in accordance with the individual capabilities of each athlete and depend on the priority direction of training is scientifically justified. The complex application of exercises is aimed at the development of aerobic endurance, strength and flexibility, coordination abilities, and regulation of the psychoemotional state of basketball players. Elite athletes are increasingly engaged in yoga and Pilates due to the benefits of strengthening and conditioning the muscles, especially the torso and lower back, which allows them to run, jump, and engage in their chosen sport for longer. Fitness technologies-improve cardio and coordination, develop flexibility, aquafitness classes are very useful in the recovery of athletes after injuries. Fitness will help improve speed and strength through explosive movements that cause muscle fibers to contract quickly.
Structure of physical fitness of young athletes 14-15 years old who specialize in wrestling sambo.
Authors: Volkov V.L.
Published: October 2020

It is revealed that during the active biological and mental development of the athlete, which coincides with the previous and speci alized stages of basic training, significant changes occur in the body, and increased training and competitive loads can negatively affect the student's state of health. This fact is typical not only for wrestlers, but also for representatives of other sports;

In the scientific and methodological literature on sports wrestling there are practical recommendations that allow to plan physical activities of different orientation only for athletes of higher qualification using a complex approach. However, the developed system of training actions is acceptable at the stages of higher achievement and is not effective during the period of active physical and mental development of a young athlete, ie at the stages of basic training.

The introduction of the factor analysis method in the process of interpreting the experimental data obtained allowed us to determine that the structure of the aforementioned training of young athletes consists of five orthogonal factors, the contribution of which is equal to 85.5%.

The weight of the general factor is estimated at 19.8%, and its content is formed by the index of long jump and maximum dynamometry.

The contribution of the next factor is slightly smaller - 19.6%, and the highest coefficient in this case is the results of pulling and running for 30 m.

The third most significant factor is indicated by the weight of 17.4%, and the greatest influence on its formation is indicated by the number of trunk lifts per 1 min and the amount of the tapping test.

The contribution of the fourth factor is estimated at 16.7%, with the greatest weight in it having the results of running at 3000 m and the average value of the tapping test.

The final factor is indicated by a significant weight factor of the running indicator "4 x 9 m", and its contribution to the total variance of the sample is estimated at 12,%.
Theoretical foundations of the design of educational programs for military specialists’ in physical education and sport training
Authors: Kuvshynov O. , Prontenko K. , Prontenko V. , Zhuravlov Yu. , Kostiyshko I. , Didenko O.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical foundations of the development of educational programs for military specialists’ in physical education and sport training at higher military educational institutions. The requirements of modern military activity and combat experience of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for the training of military specialists in physical education and sport are analyzed and the need to increase the requirements for the quality of their military training to ensure the effectiveness of military professional (combat) act ivities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are set. Theoretical aspects of development of educational programs for military specialists’ in physical education and sport training in the conditions of modernization of higher education in Ukraine are studied and the features of development of educational programs on the basis of competence model of the specialists are analyzed. It was found that the main provisions of the modernized system of higher education are: student-centered education; competence approach to the design and implementation of educational programs; result-oriented education. The requirements of normative documents for the development of educational programs for military specialists’ in physical education and sport training have been clarified. It is established that the volume and complexity of work related to the development of educational programs in accordance with the new approaches are significantly greater than in the case of designing an educational programs based on traditional standards of education, formulated in the form of a set of normative disciplines. They also place new demands on the designers of the educational programі. Therefore, the optimal organization of the whole complex of works (preparation of methodological support, training of designers, creation and description of the educational programі) is of particular importance both for the effectiveness of the process and for ensuring the required quality of the final product – the new generation educational program.
Analysis of competition at the world championship world championship depending on weight category
Authors: Tykhorskyi O. A. , Khudiakova V. B. , Volodchenko O. A.
Published: October 2020

The article considers the issue of performance of male weightlifters at the World Championships, which took place in Pattaya, Thailand on September 18, 2019. The level of competition depending on the category, the density of sports results in the top ten athletes in percent and kilograms are analyzed. It was found that the highest density was observed in the category up to 89 kg, where the difference between tenth and first place was 17 kilograms. The lowest density of results was observed in the category 109+ kg, where the difference between the first and tenth place was 64 kg. In percent, t he highest density was observed again in the category up to 89 kg - 5%. The next category - up to 67 kg, where the first place by 7% with a better result than the tenth. Categories up to 73 kg, up to 81 kg, up to 102 kg have the same figure - 8%. The largest difference in the results in percentage in the category up to 55 kg - 18%. There is a gradual increase in results, with an increase in weight categories. However, in medium weight categories, the rate of increase in results is not as rapid as in light and heavy weight categories.
EL-CEZERÎ VE ÇALIŞMALARININ STEM EĞİTİMİNDE KULLANILMASI: DENEYSEL BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: POLATGİL Mesut
Published: October 2020

Bugün tüm alanlarda 21. yüzyıl yeteneklerine sahip nitelikli bireylere olan ihtiyaç sıklıkla vurgulanır. Dünyada STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) olarak bilinen ve Türkçe ’ye FETEMM (fen, teknoloji, mühendislik, matematik) olarak geçen etkinlikler son yıllarda özellikle eğitim alanında üzerine en çok konuşulan alanlardan biridir. Cizre Tor mahallesinde 1153 yılında dünyaya gelen ve sibernetik alanın en büyük mucidi kabul edilen El-Cezerî çalışmalarında mühendislik, matematik, geometri ve sanatı kullanan büyük bir bilim adamıydı. El-Cezerî eserlerinde Stem örneklerini görmek mümkündür. Bu yüzden bu araştırma, ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin STEM’e karşı tutumlarına El-Cezerî ve çalışmalarının etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada tek gruplu ön test –son test deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. 2019 sonbahar döneminde bir mesleki ve teknik anadolu lisesinde öğrenim gören 33 öğrenciyle yürütülen araştırmada veriler STEM’e Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler istatiksel olarak bağımlı örnekler T-testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, El-Cezerî ve çalışmalarının öğrencilerin STEM’e yönelik tutumlarını olumlu açıdan geliştirdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Asırlar öncesinde yaşamış büyük bilim adamının çalışmalarında STEM etkinliklerinin olması, öğrencilere de bu yönde ilham olmuş ve deneysel olarak da ispatlanmıştır.
ATATÜRK DÖNEMİ TÜRK-ÇİN İLİŞKİLERİ (1923-1938)
Authors: TANIŞ Cihat
Published: October 2020

Türk-Çin ilişkileri tarihin eski devirlerinden beri süregelerek gelişme göstermiştir. Osmanlı döneminde çoğunlukla sembolik olarak heyetlerin gidip gelmesiyle sınırlı kalan ilişkiler Türkiye Cumhuriyeti döneminde giderek gelişmiştir. Türkiye’nin Çin ile ilk temasları ileri seviyelerde olmasa da Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarına kadar uzanmaktadır. İlk yıllarda çoğunlukla Japonya üzerinden yürütülen diplomatik temaslar 1929 yılından itibaren arada bazı aksamalar yaşansa da doğrudan Çin üzerinden yürütülmeye başlamıştır. Akabinde Çin’in Ankara’da büyükelçilik açması ve imzalanan dostluk ve ticaret antlaşmaları ile ilişkiler daha ileri seviyeye ulaşmıştır.
Atatürk dönemi Türkiye’sinin Çin ile ilişkilerinde bazı hususlar ön plana çıkmıştır. Bunlardan ilki Çin ve Japonya arasında Mançurya’da yaşanan krizdir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin bu krizde uyguladığı politika taraf tutmaktan daha ziyade iki tarafı uzlaştırma üzerine olmuştur. Türk-Çin ilişkilerini belirleyen ikinci husus ise Doğu Türkistan’da yaşanan siyasi gelişmelerdir. Türkiye, Doğu Türkistan ile ilgilenirken dış politikasını romantik bir çizgiden daha ziyade realist bir seviyede tutmuştur. Netice itibariyle Atatürk döneminde Türk-Çin ilişkileri iki ülkenin kendi iç dinamikleri ve çevresel gelişmeler nedeniyle ileri seviyelere ulaşamamıştır.
Atebetü'l-Hakâyık’ta Eğitim, Bilim ve Akıl
Authors: ÖZCAN Mehmet Fatih
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmada 11. asrın sonu 12. asrın başında yaşayan Edib Ahmet Yükneki tarafından kaleme alınan Atebetü’l Hakayık adlı eserde geçen, eğitim, bilim ve akıl kavramları ele alınmıştır. Arapça, Farsça bilen; tefsir, hadis gibi ilimleri tahsil eden; âlim, fazıl, edib olarak zikredilen Yükneki’nin Orta Türkçe döneminde Karahanlı Türkçesiyle yazdığı Atebetü’l Hakayık bir nasihat kitabı ve Türk İslam Edebiyat tarihinin ikinci eseridir. Bu bakımdan başta Türk Dili olmak üzere edebiyat tarihi araştırmaları için büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Çalışma, tarama modelinde olup doküman incelemesi yöntemine dayalı olarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmada akılla ilgili 21, bilgi-akılla ilgili 50 ve eğitimle ilgili 60 beyit tespit edilmiştir. Eserin başından sonuna kadar bu kavramlar birbiriyle ilişkili bir şekilde yer almıştır. Tespit edilen bu bulgular, Edib Ahmet’in beyitleriyle zamanına sığdırılamayacak kadar büyük bir şair, âlim ve Atebetü’l Hakâyık’ın ise yüzyıllar öncesinden günümüze ve insanlığa yol gösteren bir eser olduğunu gözler önüne sermektedir. Zira Edib Ahmet’in bahsettiği kavramlar Kutadgu Bilig’te, Divan-ı Hikmet’te ve Makalat’ta da karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İnceleme sonucunda Yükneki eserinde ideal insanın hangi vasıflara sahip olması gerektiğine yer vermiştir.
Anesthesia-The Gamechanger
Authors: Paul Satashree
Published: October 2020

General anesthetics mainly acts by inactivating the central nervous system (CNS) excitatory receptors while activating the inhibitory receptors of CNS. Oscillations play a major role in keeping the brain in working conditions
Diagnóstico de cetose em vacas leiteiras, em diferentes sistemas de produção, por Optium Xceed® e Ketovet®
Authors: Schneider Régis
Published: October 2020

The objective of the study was to compare two portable devices (Optium Xceed® and Ketovet®) for the diagnosis of subclinical ketosis in the field; to know the prevalence of this pathology in the northwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in pasture and confined systems; to evaluate the milk composition of cows at different levels of ketone bodies and blood glucose. The data were collected from three dairy farms in the county of Augusto Pestana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, two of which were in pasture systems and one in a Compost Barn system, all the dairy cattle of the Dutch breed. With this study, it was concluded that ketosis presents a higher prevalence in the pasture system in the postpartum period due to the high energy requirement for the milk production of the animals; both Ketovet® and Optium® devices are effective in the diagnosis of subclinical ketosis regardless of the period (pre or postpartum) and the systems evaluated (pasture or confined) and the occurrence of subclinical ketosis does not cause significant changes in the milk composition of cows. Ketosis is a subject of extreme importance in dairy cattle, being a subject found daily in the veterinary routine, revealing that it is possible to perform the diagnosis quickly and with low cost to the field, making it possible to avoid sanitary and financial losses to the herds.
Análise de microrganismos deteriorantes em derivados lácteos fermentados durante o prazo comercial
Authors: Roma Laryssa Helen
Published: October 2020

Milk is a nutrient-rich food and is present in daily meals, both fresh and dairy products. Derivatives are associated with health maintenance, and in this category stand out fermented milk. In view of the safety of the food and aiming at the elimination of diseases transmitted by them, microbiological quality is an important parameter to be evaluated in this condition, since its results will indicate a probable source of contamination to which this food was submitted. objective the analysis of the deteriorating microbiota of dairy products: yogurt, fermented milk, and milk drink, aiming to point out possible contamination during the production and processing processes, highlighting the populations of coliforms, proteolytic and lipolytic, throughout the shelf life. Regarding lipolytic and proteolytic activities, respectively, no strain had action on swine fat or milk protein.
Avaliação de tratamento homeopático na prevalência da mastite bovina
Authors: Paim Jordana
Published: October 2020

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of using a preventive homeopathic treatment with the product Masthe HM1000® (Hágil therapeutics) on the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows, milk production, and the percentage of fat and protein. The data were collected from two dairy farms in the northwest region of the state Rio Grande do Sul, which were kept in a pasture with supplementation in the trough and composed of Holstein and Jersey cows, the data were collected two months before and after the use of the homeopathic product. It was concluded that the use of Masthe HM1000® homeopathy (Hile therapy) for mastitis reduced the occurrence of subclinical mastitis and the CCS count of milk from dairy cows without affecting the production or composition of fat and protein present in milk. Mastitis is a disease that causes great damage in the dairy herd and is on of the most frequent problems in the milk properties, with this new measures for the control and prevention of mastitis are one of the major bottlenecks in the veterinarian’s daily routine, being possible use new therapies to assist the producer in the face of the health and financial losses that mastitis causes to the herd.
Estratégias de manejo do pastejo para produção intensiva de leite em pastos tropicais
Authors: Dos Anjos Albert José
Published: October 2020

The intensification of the pasture milk production system is a necessary practice, since in addition to increasing productivity by area, it is possible to make areas available for other agricultural activities. The variable rest period, respecting the plant’s morphophysiological characteristics, has replaced the fixed rest period, traditionally used in rotational grazing systems for decades. Rest periods based on the morphophysiological development of the plant have provided the production of greater amount of forage, consisting mainly of a higher percentage of leaves, which has guaranteed better nutritional value to the ingested forage. Combined with adequate defoliation intensity, this management method has made it possible to obtain greater productivity in the pasture milk production system, enabling the improvement of economic activity rates.
Aspectos econômicos do controle e erradicação da tuberculose bovina e os custos gerenciais associados: Revisão
Authors: Peixoto Renato
Published: October 2020

Given its importance in veterinary medicine and its impact on human health, bovine tuberculosis demands attention on animal health programs in several countries. New ante- and post-mortem diagnosis protocols are available and facilitate disease detection and control. However, besides the known advantages and disadvantages of each protocol, there is little mention of their costs. This study intends to provide an overview of the economic aspects of diagnostic tests for the control and eradication of bovine tuberculosis.
Avaliação do efeito anti-inflamatório do dimetilsulfóxido em cadelas diagnosticadas com neoplasia mamária e submetidas à mastectomia unilateral
Authors: Dos Santos Ivan
Published: October 2020

The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in bitches diagnosed with breast cancer and submitted to unilateral mastectomy associated with ovariohysterectomy through lateral abdominal access. Twenty bitches of different breed and body mass diagnosed with breast cancer by cytopathological examination were used. All animals underwent a unilateral mastectomy and DMSO, at a dose of 1 g/kg, was administered intravenously, 15 min before the end of the surgical procedure (15PRE), 24 (24hPOST), and 48 h after the surgical procedure (48hPOST). The variables evaluated included respiratory rate, heart rate, body temperature, erythrogram, leukogram, serum blood biochemistry, macroscopic aspect of the wound surgical, and side effects of DMSO. The clinical parameters did not show significant differences between the evaluated moments. Body temperature showed a significant increase between 15PRE and 24hPOST; 24hPOST and 48hPOST. The values of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, platelets, total serum protein, and alanine aminotransferase showed significant variations throughout the evaluated time-points, however, the values remained within the physiological limit of the species. According to the results, it was concluded that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has an anti-inflammatory action in bitches submitted to unilateral mastectomy associated with ovariohysterectomy by lateral abdominal access, and safe when administered at a dose of 1 g / kg intravenously for three days.
THE APPLICATION OF VASOPRESSIN FOR CORRECTION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOGENIC INJURY OF MOTHERS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF THE offspring
Authors: Avaliani T. , Apraksina N. , Cikunov S.
Published: October 2020

Vital stress (mental trauma) causes depressive-like elements in the behavior of rats and psychoemotional disorders in their offspring. Pups born to females after stress experienced a month before pregnancy are characterized by a depleted behavior structure, a decline in research activity, and a decrease in motor activity. The revealed violations in the psychoemotional sphere of mothers are stopped by injecting stressed females intranasally with 1-deamino 8-D arginine-vasopressin at a dose of 2·10-7 mg within 5 days after mental trauma. Course therapy with vasopressin in mothers contributes to the normalization of behavior in their one-month-old offspring.
THE LAW OF INTERMITTENT EVOLUTION AND SELF-HEALING OF THE LIVING NATURE OF EARTH
Authors: Tetior A.
Published: October 2020

The living nature of the Earth has an amazing property: its evolution is intermittent, it develops in separate stages, with the mass destruction of a large part of wildlife at the end of each stage, and with the subsequent selfhealing of almost all biodiversity for hundreds of thousands or millions of years. Self-healing was due to the presence of an information base - preserved wildlife. Several major natural mass extinctions of animals and plants are known, apparently related to volcanism, space influences, etc. After mass extinctions inevitably followed periods of biodiversity restoration. This development is in line with the author's concept of branching development. Therefore, the tree of evolution is multi-tiered, step-by-step. Extinctions served as natural filters, stopping the development of unpromising species, and supporting the emergence and development of promising species. But the coming period of man-made extinction is fundamentally different from the previous ones in that there used to be a base for biodiversity restoration - natural nature. For the first time, large man-made changes in the Earth's landscapes occurred in the last 150 - 200 years, during the scientific - technological revolution; they're in a good place ...in the components of landscapes ((e.g., the vital composition of air, water, extreme foresting, the limit of the development of nature, etc.).
QUANTITATIVELY NOMINAL RELATED PHRASES
Authors: Aghayev M. M.
Published: October 2020

As can be seen from the title of the paragraph, in this case we will talk about one type of related subordinate phrases, which is formed not in the structure of the sentence, but as a "pre-sentence", an independent unit of nomination.

In this group of units, such constructions are represented as quantitative and nominal (ten books, many people, several students, a group of climbers, a herd of horses, etc.), combinations with the meaning of compatibility (Mom and I, brother and sister, etc. .), combinations with the meaning of selectivity (one of us, one of the representatives, etc.), etc.
PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES BASED ON THE FORMATION OF STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE COMPETENCE
Authors: Bekkozhanova H. , Abdrakhmanova H. , Ospanova G.
Published: October 2020

Nowadays teaching foreign languages is impossible to imagine without the use of multimedia teaching tools. In this connection, the importance of information technology in the foreign language classroom is great. It deals with different technologies like internet technology and multimedia technology in the development of learners’ intellectual competencies. Modern technologies allow development of intellectual potentials in improvement process of traditional and information forms and methods of education. It also develops methods of teaching, implementation of training, finding and adaptation of information from different sources, accessibility of different tools and techniques in teaching process, trainability of systematic education process, improvement of selfeducation, creation of a positive emotional background for teaching; and many other issues. The use of cognitive technology creates the most positive and favourable conditions in motivation of teaching foreign languages.
RELATIVISTIC LAW OF ENERGY CONSERVATION IN THE ASPECT OF COMPLEMENTARITY OF FORM AND CONTENT, AS A REFLECTION OF CHANGES IN SPACE (VOLUME) AND TIME
Authors: Vitko A. A.
Published: October 2020

The article contains a systematic presentation of the results of the expansion of the special theory of relativity by additionally taking into account mass and speed in the category of content, that is, the quality of the substance contained in the body and the quality of motion, as well as the volume (space of form) and time, that is, their quantity. The interrelationships of mass, energy and speed, that play the role of physical laws, are established, and their philosophical interpretation is given from the standpoint of complementarity is given. The relativistic law of conservation of energy has been derived in the aspect of complementarity of form and content, as a reflection of changes in space (volume) and time.
CONSTRUCTION OF LAGRANGE FUNCTION FORM IN AN INTERVAL PARTIAL (MIXED)- BOOLEAN PROGRAMMING PROBLEM
Authors: Mamedov K. , Mamedli N.
Published: October 2020

In this paper the problem of partial (mixed) Boolean programming with interval initial data is considered. A majorizing function is constructed with respect to the objective function of the optimistic and pessimistic problems, respectively. Some properties of this function are proved. In particular, it is shown that the minimum values of the constructed function are not less than the optimistic and pessimistic values of the objective function, respectively
WILL THERE BE NEW POSTPONEMENTS OF VOTING DATES?
Authors: Zakuskin A.
Published: October 2020

The postponement of the voting date for amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation for several months (from April 22 to July 1, 2020) caused a huge public outcry among Russian voters. The author of this article tried to explain to the reader the current situation in this regard, not only in Russia, but abroad, revealing all the positive and negative ways of this extraordinary phenomenon. We all know that elections were postponed in many countries around the world. But was it absolutely necessary? The author of the article aims to understand the legality and rationality of this kind of postponement of the voting date in the context of a pandemic.
Innovative Construction Technology with High Factory Readiness from the Chuvash Republic
Authors:   ZAO “Rekon” (20a Dorozhny Proezd, Cheboksary, 428003, Chuvash Republic, Russian Federation), SHEMBAKOV V.A.
Published: October 2020

The technology that fully meets the modern requirements of the market in the Russian Federation is presented – stand technology of precast-monolithic frame and large-panel housing construction with the use of floor slabs with pre-stressing up to 8 m, both solid and caisson versions on universal stands. This technology, which combines the best solutions of prefabricated, monolithic, panel, brick and other construction technologies, competes with the latest Western developments. The advantages of the proposed technology are as follows: high factory readiness and quality, versatility and architectural expressiveness of building structures (97% of the frame), precast building; energy savings – consumption is three times less compared to existing technologies for the production of reinforced concrete products; material savings (1.5 times less than for monolithic and panel housing construction); high speed of construction (up to 5 ths. m2 of prefabricated monolithic frame per month for one tower crane; lower weight of bearing structures compared to other structures (0.146 m3 of precast concrete per 1 m2 of the total area of the building) and, as a result, lower costs for foundations and the use of mechanisms with a lower load capacity on construction sites; reliable erection without welding; usable area – more than 80% of the total area; free planning solutions; quick adjustment of equipment for the production of products necessary for the market at a given time. The bench technology of precast-monolithic frame and large-panel housing construction with the use of floor slabs with pre-stressing up to 8 m is an example of the implementation of inter-industry cooperation in the construction materials and mechanical engineering industry based on Russian scientific developments and adapted modern foreign technologies. Keywords: innovations, construction technology with high factory readiness, modernization of large-panel housing construction and construction industry plants, industrial housing construction, prefabricated monolithic frame, energy efficiency, construction speed.
Modern Capital Volume-Block Construction in Russia Based on a Universal Volume-Block (Modular) System with a Load-Bearing Metal Frame
Authors:   Central Institute for Research and Design of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation (29, Vernadsky Prospect, Moscow, 119331, Russian Federaion), GASIEV A.A. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoye Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation)
Published: October 2020

The article presents a brief history of the development of bulk-block construction in the USSR and modern Russia. The technology of capital volume-block construction based on a universal volume-block (modular) system with a load-bearing metal frame is described. The main technical solutions of buildings manufactured using this technology are given. Restrictions on the use of technology for building buildings using a volume-block (modular) system with a loadbearing metal frame are described. The identification of this system according to the existing traditional classifications of such house-building systems is performed, as well as the author’s classification of existing volume-block house-building systems is given. The design features of the described system are investigated, and the problems of mass implementation of the system of volume-block (modular) housing construction in our country are presented. Possible ways of development are described, using this system for the implementation of state programs and for the development of industrial individual housing construction. The positive experience of building construction using this technology in Russia is analyzed. Examples of objects built in Russia for various functional purposes are given. Keywords: bulk-block modular construction, pre-erected capital buildings, modular construction development prospects.
Le trouble de stress post-traumatique lié à l’accouchement
Authors: Deforges C. , Sandoz V. , Horsch A.
Published: October 2020

L’accouchement peut être une expérience difficile, et parfois même causer un trouble du stress post-traumatique lié à l’accouchement (TSPT-A), ce qui concerne tant les parents que les équipes soignantes. Cet article présente la symptomatologie et les spécificités cliniques du TSPT-A, ainsi que ses conséquences sur le couple, la parentalité, l’enfant et les futures grossesses. Il passe en revue les mesures préventives et les approches thérapeutiques indiquées pour lutter contre le TSPT-A, et se termine par des recommandations à l’attention des équipes cliniques.
Navigating Shifting Regimes of Ocean Governance
Authors: Spalding Ana K. , de Ycaza Ricardo
Published: October 2020

Recent decades have seen a rapid increase in the diversity of ocean uses and threats, leading to the Anthropocene ocean: a place fraught with challenges for governance such as resource collapse, pollution, and changing sea levels and ocean chemistry. Here we review shifts in ocean governance regimes from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the first legal regime for the global ocean, to Sustainable Development Goal 14 and beyond. This second period represents a merging of growing international interest in the ocean as part of the global sustainable development agenda—characterized by a focus on knowledge, collaboration, and the formation of alliances between diverse actors and institutions of environmental governance. To conduct this review, we analyzed literature on changing actors, regimes, and institutional arrangements for ocean governance over time. We conclude with a summary of challenges and opportunities for future ocean governance.
Ocean Thinking
Authors: Crockford Susannah
Published: October 2020

How do scientists produce the ocean as space through their work and words? In this article, I examine how the techniques and tools of oceanographers constitute ocean science. Bringing theoretical literature from science and technology studies on how scientists “do” science into conversation with fine-grained ethnographic and sociological accounts of scientists in the field, I explore how ocean science is made, produced, and negotiated. Within this central concern, the technologies used to obtain data draw particular focus. Juxtaposed with this literature is a corpus by ocean scientists about their own work as well as interview data from original research. Examining the differences between scientists’ self-descriptions and analyses of them by social scientists leads to a productive exploration of how ocean science is constituted and how this work delineates the ocean as a form of striated space. This corpus of literature is placed in the context of climate change in the final section.
More than Darkness Preservation
Authors: Lam Yee-Man
Published: October 2020

Enveloped in artificial light, many urban dwellers have never experienced real darkness. Seeing this as a loss, scholars and organizations have initiated discussions on light and darkness and advocated the preservation of the dark skies. This article aims to further this study by emphasizing the importance of the stars. Instead of studying lights, stars, and darkness ethnographically, the article examines the ideas of stars and darkness in Thierry Cohen’s photographs and two of Vincent van Gogh’s paintings. This article will suggest that the dark, star-filled skies represented in van Gogh’s paintings provide a visual blueprint of what the article calls the “star-lit cities,” which goes beyond a simple preservation of darkness, and may be significant in driving vital changes in combating the current environmental crises.
Surgery versus radiosurgery for facial nerve schwannoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of facial nerve function, postoperative complications, and progression
Authors: Rotter Juliana , Lu Victor M. , Graffeo Christopher S. , Perry Avital , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Pollock Bruce E. , Link Michael J.
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE

Intracranial facial nerve schwannomas (FNS) requiring treatment are frequently recommended for surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The objective of this study was to compare facial nerve function outcomes between these two interventions for FNS via a systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS

A search of the Ovid EMBASE, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases from inception to July 2019 was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Articles were screened against prespecified criteria. Facial nerve outcomes were classified as improved, stabilized, or worsened by last follow-up. Incidence was pooled by random-effects meta-analysis of proportions.

RESULTS

Thirty-three articles with a pooled cohort of 519 patients with FNS satisfied all criteria. Twenty-five articles described operative outcomes in 407 (78%) patients; 10 articles reported SRS outcomes in 112 (22%). In the surgical cohort, facial nerve function improved in 23% (95% CI 15%–32%), stabilized in 41% (95% CI 32%–50%), and worsened in 30% (95% CI 21%–40%). In the SRS cohort, facial nerve function was improved in 20% (95% CI 9%–34%), stable in 66% (95% CI 54%–78%), and worsened in 9% (95% CI 3%–16%). Compared with SRS, microsurgery was associated with a significantly lower incidence of stable facial nerve function (p < 0.01) and a significantly higher incidence of worsened facial nerve function (p < 0.01). Tumor progression and complication rates were comparable. Outcome certainty assessments were very low to moderate for all parameters.

CONCLUSIONS

Unfavorable facial nerve function outcomes are associated with surgical treatment of intracranial FNS, whereas stable facial nerve function outcomes are associated with SRS. Therefore, SRS should be recommended to patients with FNS who require treatment, and surgery should be reserved for patients with another indication, such as decompression of the brainstem. Further study is required to definitively optimize and validate management strategies for these rare skull base tumors.
Surgical management of pediatric rolandic arteriovenous malformations: a single-center case series
Authors: Cho Newton , Nga Vincent D. W. , Ahmed Raheel , Ku Jerry C. , Munarriz Pablo M. , Muthusami Prakash , Rutka James T. , Dirks Peter
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE

Pediatric rolandic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) present a treatment challenge given the lifetime risk of hemorrhage, rehemorrhage, and associated long-term morbidity. Microsurgical resection has been recommended as the optimal treatment for AVMs in general, but there is no dedicated literature on the outcomes of resection of pediatric rolandic AVMs. Here, the study objective was to review the outcomes of microsurgical resection of pediatric rolandic AVMs in the modern era, together with the utilization of surgical adjuncts including navigation, intraoperative angiography, and neurophysiological monitoring.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective review of patients 18 years of age and younger with cerebral AVMs microsurgically treated between January 2000 and May 2016 at The Hospital for Sick Children. Only those patients with an AVM whose nidus was located within the rolandic region were analyzed. A descriptive analysis was performed to identify patient demographics, preoperative AVM characteristics, and postoperative obliteration rates and neurological complications.

RESULTS

A total of 279 AVMs were evaluated in the study period. Twenty-three of these AVMs were rolandic, and the median age in the 11 microsurgically treated cases was 11 years (range 1–17 years). AVM hemorrhage was the most common presentation, occurring in 8 patients (73%). Lesions were either Spetzler-Martin grade II (n = 8, 73%) or grade III (n = 3, 27%). The postoperative obliteration rate of AVMs was 100%. The mean imaging follow-up duration was 33 months (range 5–164 months). There was no documented recurrence of an AVM during follow-up. One patient developed a transient postoperative hemiparesis, while another patient developed right fingertip hyperesthesia.

CONCLUSIONS

Microsurgical resection of rolandic pediatric AVMs yields excellent AVM obliteration with minimal neurological morbidity in selected patients. The incorporation of surgical adjuncts, including neurophysiological monitoring and neuronavigation, allows accurate demarcation of functional cortex and enables effective resection.
Expansile duraplasty and obex exploration compared with bone-only decompression for Chiari malformation type I in children: retrospective review of outcomes and complications
Authors: Ene Chibawanye I. , Wang Anthony C. , Collins Kelly L. , Bonow Robert H. , McGrath Lynn B. , Durfy Sharon J. , Barber Jason K. , Ellenbogen Richard G.
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE

While a select population of pediatric patients with Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) remain asymptomatic, some patients present with tussive headaches, neurological deficits, progressive scoliosis, and other debilitating symptoms that necessitate surgical intervention. Surgery entails a variety of strategies to restore normal CSF flow, including increasing the posterior fossa volume via bone decompression only, or bone decompression with duraplasty, with or without obex exploration. The indications for duraplasty and obex exploration following bone decompression remain controversial. The objective of this study was to describe an institutional series of pediatric patients undergoing surgery for CM-I, performed by a single neurosurgeon. For patients presenting with a syrinx, the authors compared outcomes following bone-only decompression with duraplasty only and with duraplasty including obex exploration. Clinical outcomes evaluated included resolution of syrinx, scoliosis, presenting symptoms, and surgical complications.

METHODS

A retrospective review was conducted of the medical records of 276 consecutive pediatric patients with CM-I operated on at a single institution between 2001 and 2015 by the senior author. Imaging findings of tonsillar descent, associated syrinx (syringomyelia or syringobulbia), basilar invagination, and clinical assessment of CM-I–attributable symptoms and scoliosis were recorded. In patients presenting with a syrinx, clinical outcomes, including syrinx resolution, symptom resolution, and impact on scoliosis progression, were compared for three surgical groups: bone-only/posterior fossa decompression (PFD), PFD with duraplasty (PFDwD), and PFD with duraplasty and obex exploration (PFDwDO).

RESULTS

PFD was performed in 25% of patients (69/276), PFDwD in 18% of patients (50/276), and PFDwDO in 57% of patients (157/276). The mean follow-up was 35 ± 35 months. Nearly half of the patients (132/276, 48%) had a syrinx. In patients presenting with a syrinx, PFDwDO was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of syrinx resolution relative to PFD only (HR 2.65, p = 0.028) and a significant difference in time to symptom resolution (HR 2.68, p = 0.033). Scoliosis outcomes did not differ among treatment groups (p = 0.275). Complications were not significantly higher when any duraplasty (PFDwD or PFDwDO) was performed following bone decompression (p > 0.99).

CONCLUSIONS

In this series of pediatric patients with CM-I, patients presenting with a syrinx who underwent expansile duraplasty with obex exploration had a significantly greater likelihood of syrinx and symptom resolution, without increased risk of CSF-related complications, compared to those who underwent bone-only decompression.
Postoperative changes in spinal cord signal intensity in patients with spinal cord injury without major bone injury: comparison between preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance images
Authors: Machino Masaaki , Ando Kei , Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Nakashima Hiroaki , Kanbara Shunsuke , Ito Sadayuki , Inoue Taro , Yamaguchi Hidetoshi , Koshimizu Hiroyuki , Ito Keigo , Kato Fumihiko , Ishiguro Naoki , Imagama Shiro
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE

Although increased signal intensity (ISI) on MRI is observed in patients with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) without major bone injury, alterations in ISI have not been evaluated. The association between postoperative ISI and surgical outcomes remains unclear. This study elucidated whether or not the postoperative classification and alterations in MRI-based ISI of the spinal cord reflected the postoperative symptom severity and surgical outcomes in patients with SCI without major bone injury.

METHODS

One hundred consecutive patients with SCI without major bone injury (79 male and 21 female) with a mean age of 55 years (range 20–87 years) were included. All patients were treated with laminoplasty and underwent MRI pre- and postoperatively (mean 12.5 ± 0.8 months). ISI was classified into three groups on the basis of sagittal T2-weighted MRI: grade 0, none; grade 1, light (obscure); and grade 2, intense (bright). The neurological statuses were evaluated according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system and the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS).

RESULTS

Preoperatively, 8 patients had grade 0 ISI, 49 had grade 1, and 43 had grade 2; and postoperatively, 20 patients had grade 0, 24 had grade 1, and 56 had grade 2. The postoperative JOA scores and recovery rate (RR) decreased significantly with increasing postoperative ISI grade. The postoperative ISI grade tended to increase with the postoperative AIS grade. Postoperative grade 2 ISI was observed in severely paralyzed patients. The postoperative ISI grade improved in 23 patients (23%), worsened in 25 (25%), and remained unchanged in 52 (52%). Patients with an improved ISI grade had a better RR than those with a worsened ISI grade.

CONCLUSIONS

Postoperative ISI reflected postoperative symptom severity and surgical outcomes. Alterations in ISI were seen postoperatively in 48 patients (48%) and were associated with surgical outcomes.
КОМПЛЕКСНА АКТИВІЗАЦІЯ МАЛОКЛІНКЕРНОГО ШЛАКОПОРТЛАНДЦЕМЕНТУ
Authors: Дворкін Л й , Степасюк Ю О , Семчишин Д С
Published: October 2020

В статті наведені результати досліджень шлакопортландцементу зі вмістом клінкеру 5-19 %. Визначені оптимальні склади і параметри виробництва та запропоновані способи активізації для отримання шлакопортландцементу з активністю до 50 МПа.
ОСНОВНІ ДЕФОРМАТИВНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ КЕРАМЗИТОБЕТОНІВ
Authors: Кравченко С А , Постернак О О
Published: October 2020

Наведено результати експериментальних досліджень модуля пружності, усадки та повзучості керамзитобетонів. Описана методика експериментальних досліджень, результати випробувань зразків і їх аналіз, а також обсяг, цілі і результати випробувань.
УТОЧНЕНИЙ МЕТОД РОЗРАХУНКУ МІЦНОСТІ НОРМАЛЬНИХ ПЕРЕРІЗІВ ЗГИНАЛЬНИХ ЗАЛІЗОБЕТОННИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ, ЩО ЗАЗНАЮТЬ ВПЛИВУ ПІДВИЩЕНИХ ТЕМПЕРАТУР ЗА ДІЇ МАЛОЦИКЛОВИХ НАВАНТАЖЕНЬ
Authors: Зінчук М С
Published: October 2020

Викладено уточнений метод розрахунку згинальних залізобетонних елементів, що зазнають впливу підвищених температур за дії малоциклових навантажень на основі структуризації методики розрахунку за результатами експериментальних досліджень напружено- деформованого стану таких елементів при короткочасному нагріванні  та малоциклових навантаженнях.
РОЗРАХУНОК МІЦНОСТІ НА КОСЕ ЗГИНАННЯ ЗАЛІЗОБЕТОННИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ТАВРОВОГО ПРОФІЛЮ ЗА СПРОЩЕНОЮ ДЕФОРМАЦІЙНОЮ МОДЕЛЛЮ
Authors: Павліков А М , Гарькава О В , Бариляк Б А , Приходько Ю О
Published: October 2020

Розроблена методика розрахунку несучої здатності в нормальному перерізі з при косому згинанні залізобетонних елементів таврового профілю для випадків трапецієподібної форми стиснутої зони бетону. Методика розроблена на основі спрощеної деформаційної моделі з рівномірним розподілом напружень в стиснутій зоні бетону та дозволяє виконувати обчислення без застосування чисельних методів.
МЕТОДИКА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЬ ТА РОБОТА ЗГИНАЛЬНИХ ЗАЛІЗОБЕТОННИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ЗІ ЗМІШАНИМ АРМУВАННЯМ ЗА МАЛОЦИКЛОВИХ НАВАНТАЖЕННЬ ВИСОКИХ РІВНІВ
Authors: Панчук Ю М
Published: October 2020

Наведені методика та результати досліджень  згинальних залізобетонних балок зі змішаним армуванням. Напружено-деформований стан балок  визначається значенням верхнього відносного рівня і кількістю циклів навантаження. Виявлено три стадії деформування зразків