bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface drainage and aquaplaning risk in road inflection zones
Authors: Ilić Vladan , Milovanović Nikola , Lukić Miloš , Gavran Dejan , Fric Sanja , Trpčevski Filip , Vranjevac Stefan
Published: October 2024

According to Federal Highway Administration, up to 70% of weather-related accidents occur on wet pavement or in inclement weather. Consequently, surface drainage is one of the most challenging road safety problems. Efficiency of pavement surface drainage depends on numerous factors: pavement surface geometry, rainfall intensity and duration, pavement hydraulic properties etc. In general, the most critical locations are those where the low pavement cross grades are combined with shallow longitudinal grades of the road. This is typical for inflection zones (central parts of reverse curves) in flat terrain, where gentle longitudinal grades are applied. In these areas, insufficient total pavement grades induce thicker water film, increasing the risk of aquaplaning. Most of the analytical tools for the assessment of water film depth on the pavement surface originate from distant countries, countries with the climatological conditions and even design practices differing greatly from the European ones. According to some of the most relevant analytical procedures, even the range of surface flow path lengths is inadequate in comparison to the long surface flow paths in the inflection zones of the European motorways. Moreover, climatic changes taking place in recent years must be addressed as well. This paper presents plan of investigating surface drainage and aquaplaning risks in the road inflection zone, with the final goal of augmenting and updating national standards.
Key indicators affecting the evolution of road traffic in Romania
Authors: Adrian Sandu , Carmen Răcănel
Published: October 2024

As with all forecasts, in estimating road traffic for large periods of time (20 or 30 years) there is uncertainty regarding the outcome of key input variables, such as future GDP growth, fuel prices, and population. The forecasts presented should be read as projected trends for traffic, considering the most likely evolution of the input variables. The main indicators affecting the evolution of road traffic are: population and employment, Gross Domestic Product, average net wage gain, vehicle fleet and motorization rate, Average Daily Travel, and road capacity and network utilization rate. To assess the maximum variation around the central forecast, we model scenarios based on a combination of these indicators. The medium scenario - average car park consumption is expected to decrease between 2030 and 2035. The high demand scenario combines a high per capita GDP, an increased motorization rate, moderate population decline, increased employment rate, low oil prices, and high fuel economy. The low demand scenario assumes a low GDP and therefore low per capita income, a sharp decline in population and employment rate, a degradation of road infrastructure quality, high oil prices, and a low level of fuel economy. It must be emphasized that all forecasts are uncertain. This is the result of the uncertainty of the input indicators. The forecast for the period 2020 – 2050 is more uncertain compared to previous road traffic forecasts. It is unrealistic to take a high growth version of each variable and on this basis make a high forecast because the probability of a high rate continuing for 30 years just because the first year has a high rate is very low.
Use of digital imaging to evaluate the effectiveness of EPS geofoam inclusions in alleviating integral bridge approach settlements
Authors: Perić Dunja , Yenne Justin
Published: October 2024

Absence of deck expansion joints in integral abutment bridges (IABs) offers multiple benefits that encompass increased redundancy, enhanced resilience, and diminished construction and lifetime maintenance costs. IAB's deck and girders undergo cyclic seasonal expansions and contractions accompanied with abutment translation and rotation that results in a near surface granular backfill collapse and creation of a void behind the abutmtment. The resulting loss of soil support leads to approach slab distress and severe approach slab settlement that often occurs shortly after the completion of construction. This research evaluates the effectiveness of a compressible wedge shaped inclusion, placed directly behind the IAB abutment, in alleviating the bridge approach settlement. This is accomplished by testing a downscaled physical model of the actual integral bridge abutment, piles and backfill. The abutment is subjected to 100 cycles of forward-backward displacement simulating cyclic seasonal superstructure expansion and contraction that occurs during 100 years of a bridge life cycle due to ambient temperature changes. Digital imaging correlation (DIC), a technique described as a non-contact optical deformation measurement, was used to capture the evolution of backfill displacements and strains. These mechanisms elucidate development of backfill failure and collapse mechanisms that are ultimately responsible for bridge approach settlement in IABs. Based on the results of DIC analysis and other measurements it was found that compressible inclusions favorably modify deformation mechanism in the backfill soil behind the expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam inclusion resulting in two times smaller settlement than in the case without and inclusions or reinforcements.
Analysing rail structure interaction in open web steel girders with varied spans: a comprehensive case study
Authors: C Jithin , Taludkar Prayas , Samyayya Vasanth Kumar
Published: October 2024

Long welded rails are extensively used these days due to their many advantages over traditional short welded rails, such as better load distribution, longer rail lifespans, increased safety, lower maintenance costs, faster speeds, and more efficiency etc. The provision of continous long welded rails over bridges & adjacent embankment can be adopted and strictly adhered based on the specific guidelines outlined in UIC 774-3R. Rail structure interaction effect is one of the fundamental aspects to be considered in the design of railway bridges. However, the usage of long welded rails over a steel open web through girder bridge carries its own unique challenges since the stress developed in long welded rails primarily depends on the stiffness of bridge elements. This paper presents a comprehensive case study on three ongoing bridge projects, featuring two single span and one multi span simply supported steel open web through girder bridge with varying span length (55.51m, 79.90m and 145.5m) for Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation. Using industry-standard finite element method software package, rigorous Rail-Structure Interaction assessments were carried out in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the UIC 774-3R code of practice. Open web through girder bridges increases the flexibility of structure and poses difficulty to satisfy the stress and displacement criteria mentioned in UIC & Indian Railway Standards codal provisions. Comparisons are made between additional rail stresses and displacements obtained from the previously mentioned rail-structure interaction analyses and conclusions were reached. In this paper, alternate proposals required for identifying the acceptable economically feasible solution that meets the codal requirements are suggested. The possibilities of continuous long welded rails over steel open web through girder bridges are collectively scrutinized, and conclusions are drawn.
Rail structure interaction analysis for bridge across river Vatrak in the state of Gujarat, India
Authors: C Jithin , Samyayya Vasanth Kumar , Das Subir
Published: October 2024

Continuous Welded Rails (CWR) are widely used these days for its benefits like reduced maintenance, enhanced track safety etc. While using CWR, it is to be ensured that any interaction between the rail and bridge due to temperature and rail traffic loads is within the limits specified in UIC 774-3R. The interaction mainly depends on the stiffness of various elements of bridge, resistance offered by track structure to deformation, the continuity of rails and introduction of expansion joints in between them. This current study was carried out for continuous welded rail over Railway Bridge across river Vatrak in Gujarat, India for Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation (DFCC) by adopting different options such as altering the bearing arrangements and introduction of switch expansion joints (SEJ). Rail structure interaction (RSI) analyses were carried out using industry standard finite element method (FEM) software package and also as per the requirements of UIC 774-3R code of practice. The present paper further studies the resulting additional stresses and displacements due to the above RSI analyses for various options to arrive at acceptable solution satisfying UIC 774-3R codal requirements.
The agglomerations and roads – lesson to be learned
Authors: Mulabdić Mensur , Petrović Nikifor
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a case study on one section of the regional road from the program of agglomeration analysing design solution, selection of the materials used for backfilling, backfilling method, and compaction of placed materials. It is compared to international standards and recommendations. Unexpected settlement and sinking occurred after completion of the work, and they were assessed to be due to the presence of water which was not detected during site investigation and possible internal erosion within the backfilled materials. The special laboratory testing was prescribed and conducted with the aim to measure sensitivity of prescribed material to erosion. In addition to the above, some trial work on the site was carried out by controlling thickness of the placed layers and compaction methods which proved to provide good results. In conclusion, the authors emphasise importance of the adequate site investigation, design details, technical specification and compaction technology to achieve suitable outcome.
Workshop Sosial Media Series : Mengambil Data dari Media Sosial Twitter
Authors: Sari Ani Oktarini , Setiaji Setiaji , Mardiana Tati , Hasanah Riyan Latifahul
Published: October 2024

Media sosial didesain dengan tujuan memperluas interaksi sosial manusia menggunakan internet dan teknologi web. Banyaknya keterangan yang tersedia dalam media umum memunculkan berbagai macam opini yang berbeda-beda. Untuk mengetahui sentimen publik dalam satu topik eksklusif bisa dilakukan analisis sentimen dengan mengumpulkan data opini menurut pengguna media umum. Oleh karena itu Universitas Nusa Mandiri melaksanakan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat berupa Workshop Sosial Media Series : Mengambil Data dari Media Sosial Twitter untuk JPRMI DKI Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini berupa pelatihan interaktif dalam penyampaian teori, sedangkan untuk metode praktikumnya menggunakan metode simulasi dan tanya jawab. Dengan pelatihan tersebut, dapat membantu para anggota JPRMI DKI Jakarta dalam mengolah dan menampilkan data yang bersumber dari media sosial.
Role of court precedents in the development of EU law and the legal systems of the candidate states: Examples of Ukraine and Moldova
Authors: Mazur Tamara , Korolchіuk Viktor
Published: October 2024

The judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union play a fundamental role in shaping the EU acquis. The relevance of this study lies in their impact not only on the law enforcement practice within the Union, but also on the trends in the development and amendment of the EU regulations. Considering the above, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union in shaping the law of the European Union and the legal systems of the candidate states. The methodological framework of this study was based on general scientific and special research methods, such as analysis and synthesis, induction, interpretation, formal logical, and comparative legal methods. The study established the existence of a link between the structural and functional evolution of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the increasing weight of its judgements; the study identified the channels of influence of its judgements on the establishment and development of European Union law. The study outlined the current challenges faced by the judges of the Court of Justice of the European Union and which affect the efficiency of its work. Based on the analysis of the judicial practice of Ukraine and Moldova regarding the use of judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the study substantiated the general significance of judicial precedent in the context of European integration of the candidate states, as well as potential problems of their widespread use in the judicial practice of these states. The practical significance of the findings obtained is that they can be used in educational programmes for training specialists in the field of European law, to develop strategies and policies aimed at integrating candidate states into the EU, ensuring their compliance with the legal standards of the Union
Criminalising looting in wartime: International and national experiences
Authors: Murzo Yevheniia , Farynnyk Vasyl
Published: October 2024

The relevance of this research topic is conditioned by the increasing number of cases of looting during armed conflicts, which requires the improvement of legal mechanisms for criminalising this act. Even though looting is recognised as a war crime at the international level, there are significant differences in approaches to its criminalisation and the determination of liability for such acts in national legal systems. This creates the risk of ambiguous interpretation of legal norms in judicial practice and complicates the administration of justice. The purpose of this study was to analyse the global and national experiences with the criminalisation of looting during armed conflicts, using the cases of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sierra Leone, and Ukraine, as well as to formulate recommendations for improving Ukraine’s national legislation in this area. The study employed the methods of comparative legal analysis, formal legal analysis, and case law analysis. The study compared the criminal law provisions and approaches of different countries to the prosecution of pillage, specifically the concepts of “military necessity” and “spoils of war”. The findings of the study showed that the absence of clear legal definitions and criteria for assessing “military necessity” and “gravity of the violation” complicates prosecution for this crime and creates risks of abuse. The study revealed major differences in approaches to the criminalisation of looting, particularly in determining the scope and conditions of liability. The practical value of this study lies in its recommendations for harmonising Ukrainian legislation with international standards. It was suggested that a separate law be drafted to define the mechanisms for criminalising looting during armed conflicts, to establish clear criteria for assessing military necessity, and to unify approaches to judicial practice. This will help to increase the effectiveness of investigations and prosecutions of this type of war crime and strengthen Ukraine’s legal framework in armed conflict
Lived experience of patients who are victims of motorcycle traffic accidents treated in hospitals in Managua, Nicaragua
Authors: Chamorro Segovia Erick Alexander de Jesús , Herrera Castro Karen Vanessa , Ramírez-Pereira Mirliana , Figueredo-Borda Natalie
Published: October 2024

Introduction: traffic accident victims experience changes ranging from mild to moderate and severe in their daily lives from the moment the event occurs, resulting in an adjustment due to the personal and social/family impact generated. Objetive: the objective of this study was to explore how they construct and make meaning of their reality based on their lived experience.Methodology: a qualitative research study was conducted under the constructivist paradigm with a phenomenological approach, based on Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology. The aim was to understand the lived experience of 10 hospitalized patients due to traffic accident injuries, in terms of their Lived Body, Lived Time, Lived Human Relationships, and Lived Space.Results: motorcycles were the vehicles involved in all the accidents. Victims suffer physical and psychological impacts, feeling vulnerable and powerless when confronted with their altered bodies, the limitations they perceive in the moment, and those they fear for the future. Families are also affected psychologically, economically, and in terms of work. Medical attention was directed towards physical and functional aspects.Conclusion: understanding the lived experiences of patients who are victims of traffic accidents allows for the identification of areas for improvement to strengthen prevention measures and comprehensive care for victims and their families. A more holistic approach is needed that includes psychological support for the affected individuals and their families.
Relationship between motivation and satisfaction with the commitment of university teachers in the mathematics education program: contributions to the climate from the management of organizational health
Authors: Sagredo-Lillo Emilio , Zapata Jorge , Parra-Urrea Yocelyn , Llanos-Lagos Exequiel
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The study highlighted the relevance of the relationship between organizational climate management and the mental health of collaborators, as well as its connection to the success of educational organizations. Objective: The research aimed to relate the psychological variables of organizational climate among teachers in a mathematics education program at a Chilean university. Method: A quantitative approach and a non-experimental, cross-sectional design were used. The sample consisted of 27 teachers, equivalent to 85% of the total faculty in the program. Data collection was conducted through a validated Likert-type survey, and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability, obtaining a value of 0.894, indicating high reliability. Results: The results showed a positive and significant correlation between the variables studied, with the exception of commitment and management. Thus, motivation, satisfaction, and commitment predict the organizational climate. The multiple linear regression analysis suggested that these variables directly influence teachers' perception of the organizational climate and their commitment. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of commitment management in promoting a positive climate in educational institutions, which is crucial for teachers' psycho-emotional stability and the achievement of educational goals. The findings are relevant for understanding the relationship between organizational climate and teacher performance in the context of higher education
Implementation of and challenges in differentiated L2 language instruction: A systematic literature review (2014-2023)
Authors: Sun Xiujun , Mohd Yusof Sanitah
Published: October 2024

In the realm of second language (L2) education, differentiated instruction (DI) has garnered significant attention as an adaptive approach to meeting diverse learner needs. This study systematically reviews the 2014-2023 research on the implementation and related challenges of DI in L2 instruction. Through a comprehensive analysis of empirical studies, the review highlights key DI strategies, and the obstacles faced in practical application. Findings suggest that while DI can foster more inclusive and effective L2 learning environments; however, challenges persist, such as resource constraints, teacher preparedness, and varying student motivation levels. This review synthesizes current knowledge to provide educators, policymakers, and researchers with valuable insights, ultimately aiming to enhance the efficacy of DI in L2 education.
The Influence of Participatory Forest Monitoring on Natural Forest Management and Community Welfare: A Case Study in Kibale National Park, Western Uganda
Authors: Kigenyi Richard , Kalulu Ronald , Rusoke Taddeo
Published: October 2024

The paper presents findings from a Study on Participatory Forest Monitoring (PFM) and Natural Forest Restoration (NFR) in Uganda, a case of communities bordering Kibale National Park (KNP), western Uganda. The study involved 394 respondents who were interviewed from June to August 2024. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design to determine the perceived effect of Participatory Forest Monitoring Activities at the household level and examine the relationship between Participatory Forest Monitoring Activities and Natural Forest Restoration while involving communities bordering Kibale Forest. Almost half (54.4%) of the communities bordering Kibale National Park (KNP) work with UWA rangers during forest monitoring patrols in restored areas (M=2.25, SD = 1.95). Participation in PFM improved income at the household level directly addressing household needs especially income for school fees and other needs by 79.9% (r=0.799, P<0.05). PFM can restore natural forests, increase revenue and better community livelihoods.
أثر الحرب على قطاع الطيران في السودان خلال الفترة من أبريل 2023م إلى يونيو 2024م
Authors: إبراهيم عبدالفتاح , خير السيد سلوى
Published: October 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة تأثير الحرب في السودان على قطاع الطيران خلال الفترة من أبريل 2023 إلى يونيو 2024، من خلال تقييم الأضرار التي لحقت بالبنية التحتية للمطارات وتحليل تأثيرها على حركة الطيران، سلامة وأمن الطيران، والسياحة والتجارة. اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، حيث تم جمع البيانات من مسؤولين في الطيران المدني، وشركات الطيران، والخبراء في هذا المجال. وأظهرت النتائج أن الحرب أدت إلى تدمير كبير في البنية التحتية للمطارات، تقليص عدد الرحلات الجوية، تدهور في مستويات السلامة، وتراجع كبير في حركة السياحة والتجارة. وتضمنت التوصيات تطوير خطة شاملة لإعادة بناء المطارات، تحسين إجراءات السلامة، تحفيز الاستثمارات في قطاع الطيران، وتنشيط السياحة والتجارة من خلال حملات ترويجية وتسهيلات لوجستية. كما يؤكد البحث على ضرورة التعاون الدولي وتطوير إستراتيجيات فعالة للتعامل مع هذه التحديات وضمان استدامة قطاع الطيران في السودان.   This study aims to examine the impact of the war in Sudan on the aviation sector during the period from April 2023 to June 2024. The research focuses on assessing the damage to airport infrastructure and analyzing its effects on air traffic, aviation safety and security, tourism, and trade. The study employed a descriptive-analytical methodology, collecting data from civil aviation officials, airline companies, and experts in the field. The findings revealed significant destruction of airport infrastructure, a reduction in the number of flights, a decline in safety levels, and a substantial decrease in tourism and trade activities. The recommendations include developing a comprehensive plan for airport reconstruction, enhancing safety procedures, encouraging investments in the aviation sector, and revitalizing tourism and trade through promotional campaigns and logistical facilitation. The study emphasizes the importance of international cooperation and the development of effective strategies to address these challenges and ensure the sustainability of the aviation sector in Sudan.
أثر استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي في الابتكار التقويمي لدى أساتذة التعليم العالي بالمغرب
Authors: عبد المولى عبد الحي , بربزي عبد الله
Published: October 2024

تروم هذه الدراسة استكشاف أثر استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي في الابتكار التقويمي لدى أساتذة التعليم العالي بالمغرب، وذلك من خلال دراسة العلاقة بين استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي والابتكار التقويمي. اعتمدنا على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي من خلال مقاربة مختلطة لتقديم صورة أكثر شمولية للموضوع تجمع بين المعطيات الكمية والكيفية، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من الأستاذات والأساتذة الجامعيين من مختلف الجامعات المغربية. خلصت نتائج الدراسة إلى تأكيد وجود علاقة قوية جدًا وذات دلالة إحصائية بين كل من استخدام المبحوثين للذكاء الاصطناعي والابتكار التقويمي، ما يعني أن كل زيادة في استخدام المبحوثين الذكاء الاصطناعي تزيد من مستوى الابتكار التقويمي لديهم. This study aims to explore the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) usage on assessment innovation among higher education professors in Morocco by investigating the relationship between AI usage and assessment innovation. We employed a descriptive-analytical methodology using a mixed approach to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the topic, combining both quantitative and qualitative data. The study sample consisted of university professors from various Moroccan universities. The findings of the study confirmed a very strong and statistically significant relationship between the participants' use of AI and assessment innovation, indicating that an increase in AI usage leads to a higher level of assessment innovation among the respondents.
VERGİ KAÇAKÇILIĞI SUÇLARINDA ETKİN PİŞMANLIK, UYARLAMA YARGILAMALARI VE YAPILANDIRMA KANUNLARININ BU YARGILAMALAR ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: Ömercioğlu Abdullah
Published: October 2024

Vergi kaçakçılığı suçunda her ne kadar genel olarak vergi kaybı meydana gelmesi şartı aranmasa da kanunda öngörülen fiillerin kamu zararı meydana getirmesi mümkün olabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte vergi kaçakçılığı suçunun failinin fiilinden dolayı pişmanlık göstermesi ve meydana getirdiği zararları telafi etme gayretiyle hareket etmesi durumunda etkin pişmanlıktan bahsedilmektedir. Vergi kaçakçılığı suçlarında etkin pişmanlık, suçun işlendiğinin kamu makamlarınca öğrenilmesinden önce pişmanlık ve ıslah hükümlerine göre; öğrenmeden sonra ise 2022 yılında kabul edilen 7394 sayılı Kanun ile eklenen hükümlere göre uygulanmaktadır. Bu durumlarda ceza verilmemesi ya da ceza indirimi yapılması mümkün olabilmektedir.
Çalışmada öncelikle vergi kaçakçılığı suçu genel olarak açıklanmış daha sonra bu suçta etkin pişmanlık şartları açıklanmıştır. Bununla birlikte özellikle infaz aşamasında olan cezaların yeni kabul edilen etkin pişmanlık hükümlerinin failin lehine sonuç doğurması sebebiyle uyarlama yargılamasına konu edinilmesi ve yapılandırma kanunları ile mükelleflere tanınan ödeme kolaylıklarının etkin pişmanlık hükümlerinden faydalanmak bakımından etki gösterip göstermeyeceği de değerlendirilmiştir. Nihayetinde vergi kaçakçılığı suçunda etkin pişmanlık ile ilgili geçiş hükümlerinin açıkça düzenlendiği ve yapılandırma kanunları ile tanınan vergi ödeme kolaylıklarının etkin pişmanlık uyarlama yargılamalarını bekletmemesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
YÜKSEK YARGI ORGANLARI ARASINDA İÇTİHAT BİRLİĞİNİN SAĞLANMASI
Authors: Bulut Uğur
Published: October 2024

Hukuk kuralları, ülke çapında tutarlı ve birbiriyle uyumlu bir şekilde yorumlanarak uygulanmalıdır. Bunun sağlanabilmesi için sadece belirli yüksek yargı organlarının kendi içerisinde değil, tüm yargı sisteminde hukukun yeknesak uygulanmasını sağlamaya yönelik tedbirler alınmalıdır. Bu tedbirler, içtihat farklılıklarını teşvik ederek birbirine aykırı içtihatlar istikrar kazandıktan sonra devreye girmemeli, içtihat aykırılıklarının istikrar kazanmasını baştan engellemeyi sağlamaya elverişli olmalıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda gereken durumlarda ilgili yüksek yargı organlarının tamamından üyelerin katılımıyla oluşan bir ortak kurul oluşturulmalı ve bu ortak kurul tarafından aynı veya benzer konuya ilişkin verilen karar ilgili tüm yargı kolları bakımından sonuç doğurabilmelidir. Hatta Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin bireysel başvuru yargılamalarında da duruma göre benzer bir usûl benimsenebilmelidir. Zira Anayasa Mahkemesi de diğer yargı kollarındaki içtihatlara yönelik temel hak ihlali iddialarını karara bağlarken ilgili içtihatları değerlendirerek sonuca gitmekte ve böylece içtihatları değiştirici veya yönlendirici bir rol üstlenmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu etkiyi haiz kararların ilgili içtihadı geliştirmiş olan yüksek yargı organının da sürece katılımıyla ortaya çıkmasının daha uygun olacağı kanaatindeyiz. Bu katılımın sadece görüş sunmak veya belirli sayıda oy yetkisini haiz üye göndermek suretiyle sağlanması mümkündür. Kuşkusuz, böyle bir yeni sistem Anayasa değişikliği gerektirebilecek nitelikte olup bu süreçte konunun farklı boyutlarıyla ele alınarak tartışılması mümkündür. Ancak, yüksek yargı organları arasındaki içtihat farklılıklarının derinleşmesinin engellenmesi için bir yol bulunması gerektiğini; aksi hâlin, hukuk devleti ilkesiyle bağdaşması güç görünen sonuçlar doğurduğunu düşünüyoruz
OSMANLI ERBÂB-I HUKUKU! İTTİHAD EDİN: OSMANLI HUKUKÇULARININ İLK CEMİYETLEŞME TEŞEBBÜSLERİ (1908-1910)
Authors: Yörük Ali Adem
Published: October 2024

Türkiye’de siyasi hayatın dönüm noktalarından biri olan II. Meşrutiyet’in ilanından sonra en fazla dile getirilen özgürlüklerden biri, toplanma ve cemiyet kurma özgürlüğüdür. Kanun-ı Esasi’nin tekrar ilan edilmesi ve Meclis-i Mebusan’ın açılacak olmasından dolayı yeni cemiyetlerin kurulması için uygun bir ortam oluşmuş; özellikle Temmuz 1908'den 31 Mart hadisesine (Nisan 1909) kadar çok sayıda cemiyet kurulmuştur. Cemiyet kurma konusunda hukukçular öncü gruplardan biri olmuştur. Bu yazıda II. Meşrutiyet döneminin ilk yıllarında faaliyet göstermiş altı hukuk cemiyeti tanıtılacaktır. Avukatların meslek örgütü olan Dersaadet Dava Vekilleri Cemiyeti, II. Meşrutiyet’in ilanından hemen sonra ihya edilmiştir. Osmanlı Hukuk Cemiyeti, daha çok bilimsel hedeflerle yola çıkmış, ancak hukuk öğrencilerinin etkisinin artması üzerine bu amaçlardan uzaklaşmıştır. Dersaadet Mukayese-i Hukuk Müessesesi, hukuk alanında revaçta bir yaklaşıma dayanmaktadır. Talebe-i Hukuk Cemiyeti, öğrenci sorunlarının gündeme getirilmesi ve üniversite öğrencilerinin siyasileşmesinin tarihi bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Osmanlı Hukuk Encümeni, bir hukuk akademisi olarak tasarlanmıştır. Mekteb-i Hukuk Mezunları Cemiyeti, daha dar kapsamlı bir teşebbüs olacak, bütün hukukçuları değil, sadece Mekteb-i Hukuk mezunlarını biraraya getirmeye çalışacaktır. Bu cemiyetler tanıtıldıktan sonra dördünün nizanmanesi ekte sunulmuştur.
DEVLET BAŞKANININ KANUNLARI GERİ GÖNDERME YETKİSİ VE CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI SİSTEMİNDE YETKİNİN DEĞİŞEN NİTELİĞİ
Authors: Ormanoğlu Derya
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmada, devlet başkanlarının yasama organında kabul edilen kanunları geri gönderme yetkisi ve bu yetkinin zaman içindeki değişimi ele alınmaktadır. Kanunlaştırma sürecinde mutlak monarşilerden cumhuriyetlere doğru evrilen yolculukta devlet başkanlarının değişen rolü göze çarpmaktadır. Mutlak monarşilerin hüküm sürdüğü dönemlerde monarkın yasama organı tarafından kabul edilen bir kanun teklifini onaylayarak teklifin kanuna dönüşmesini sağladığı görülmektedir. Devlet başkanının kanunlaştırma sürecindeki rolü, özellikle mutlak monarşilerden meşruti monarşilere geçiş sürecinde ve cumhuriyetlerde aşılabilen bir yetkiye dönüşmüştür. Çalışmada, veto yetkisi ve geri gönderme kavramları arasındaki ayrıma değinildikten sonra, veto yetkisinin türlerinden bahsedilecektir. Türk hukukunda devlet başkanının kanunlaştırma süreci üzerindeki etkisine tarihsel olarak yer verilecek, Cumhurbaşkanının kanunlar üzerindeki geri gönderme yetkisinin yanı sıra anayasa değişikliklerine ilişkin kanunlar üzerindeki geri gönderme yetkisine de değinilecektir. Son olarak, 2017 yılında Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası’nda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair 6771 sayılı kanunla gerçekleştirilen Anayasa değişikliği sonrasında Cumhurbaşkanının geri gönderme yetkisinin güçleştirici bir niteliğe dönüşmesine değinilecektir. Zira değişiklik sonrasında, Cumhurbaşkanı tarafından bir kez daha görüşülmek üzere geri gönderilen bir kanunun aynen kabul edilebilmesi için TBMM üye tamsayısının salt çoğunluğuna ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Böylece geri gönderme yetkisi geciktirici olmaktan çıkmıştır.
AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ 7 NO’LU PROTOKOL BAĞLAMINDA YERLEŞİK YABANCILARIN SINIR DIŞI EDİLMESİNE İLİŞKİN USULİ GÜVENCELERİN SINIRLANDIRILMASI REJİMİNDE EŞİK: MUHAMMAD ve MUHAMMAD v. ROMANYA KARARI
Authors: Zabunoğlu Hamdi Gökçe , Kartli Elif Başak
Published: October 2024

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi bazı maddeler ile sınır dışı işlemlerine karşı dolaylı bir koruma alanı sağlamaktadır. Buna karşın daha sonra yürürlüğe giren ve Sözleşme’nin bir parçası sayılan 4 ve 7 No’lu Protokoller, sınır dışı edilmeye ilişkin doğrudan koruma sağlayan düzenlemeler içermektedir. Türkiye’nin de taraf olduğu 7 No’lu Protokol içerisinde yabancıların sınır dışı edilmelere ilişkin sahip olduğu birtakım usuli haklar, 1. maddede koruma altına alınmıştır. Bu maddenin nasıl yorumlanması gerektiği hususu yakın zamana değin Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi içtihatlarında açık şekilde yer bulamamıştır. İlk kez 2020 yılında Büyük Daire tarafından karara bağlanan Muhammad ve Muhammad v. Romanya kararı ile bu madde hem detaylı olarak incelenmiş hem de Mahkeme tarafından sınırlandırılmasına ilişkin bir yöntem ortaya koyulmuştur. Mahkeme’nin bu kapsamda oluşturduğu iki aşamalı testin ilk aşaması, sınırlandırmaların bağımsız bir makam tarafından usulüne uygun olarak gerekçelendirilip gerekçelendirilmediğinin değerlendirilmesidir. İkinci aşaması ise yabancının sınırlandırmadan kaynaklı olarak yaşadığı zorlukların birtakım dengeleyici faktörlerle yeterince telafi edilip edilmediğinin belirlenmesidir. Mahkeme içtihatları bakımından da nispeten yeni olan bu metodoloji henüz yöntemin belirlendiği Muhammad ve Muhammad v. Romanya kararında eleştirilmeye başlanmıştır. Ancak yine de erken bir gözlemle bu metodolojinin 7 No’lu Protokol’ün birinci maddesinde düzenlenen hakların korunması bakımından -en azından- işlevsel sayılabileceğini söylemek mümkün görünmektedir.
BİR TABİAT VARLIĞI OLARAK ANIT AĞAÇLARIN TÜRK HUKUKUNDA DÜZENLENMESİ
Authors: Sapan Oğuzhan
Published: October 2024

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası m. 63’te tabiat varlıklarının ve değerlerinin korunmasını sağlama ve bunu destekleyip teşvik eden önlemleri alma görevini devlete vermiştir. Bu doğrultuda bu anayasa hükmünün ne şekilde yerine getirileceğine dair ilkeler 2863 sayılı Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Kanununda düzenlenmiştir. Korunan Alanların Tespit, Tescil ve Onayına İlişkin Usul ve Esaslara Dair Yönetmelik ile de bir tabiat varlığı olarak anıt ağaçların tespiti, tescili, onayına dair usul ve esaslar belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Merkez Komisyonunun 117 sayılı İlke Kararı gereğince hangi ağaçların anıt ağaç özelliklerine sahip olduğu teknik detaylarıyla açıklanmıştır. Anıt ağaçların tespiti, tescili, onayı sürecinin karmaşıklığı ve uzunluğu doktrinde eleştiri konusu yapılmaktadır. Ayrıca gerek anıt ağaçların bakımlarının ve korunmalarının ne şekilde gerçekleştirileceği konusunda mevzuatımızda parçalı bir yapı bulunması gerekse toplumda anıt ağaçların korunması konusundaki bilgi ve bilinç düzeyinin henüz istenilen ölçüde olmaması nedeniyle anıt ağaçların olması gerektiği gibi korunamadığı yapılan araştırmalarda tespit edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada bir tabiat varlığı olarak anıt ağaçların hukukuna tespitleri, tescilleri, onaylanmaları ve korunmaları bağlamında yer verilmiştir.
YARGITAY KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA TCK M. 297/4’TE DÜZENLENEN ‘‘ETKİN PİŞMANLIK’’ HÜKMÜNÜN UYGULANABİLME ŞARTLARI
Authors: Akcan Medet
Published: October 2024

Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun 297. maddesi ile bazı eşyaların infaz kurumuna veya tutukevine sokulması, buralarda bulundurulması veya kullanılması yasaklanmış ve bu fiiller suç olarak kabul edilmiştir. Aynı maddenin dördüncü fıkrasında ise bir ve ikinci fıkralarda tanımlanan suçların konusunu oluşturan eşyayı yanında bulunduran veya kullanan hükümlü veya tutuklunun, bunu kimden ve ne suretle elde ettiği hususunda bilgi vermesi halinde, verilecek cezanın yarı oranında indirileceği öngörülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, öğretide yer alan görüşler ve yargı içtihatları ışığında dördüncü fıkrada düzenlenen bu hükmün hukuki niteliği ve uygulanabilme şartları incelenmiştir.
Intermittent cold stimulation acclimates broilers to acute cold stress by affecting cardiac lipid metabolism
Authors: Zhang Yong , Chang Minghang , Xue Qiang , Wang Hongyu , Liu Yuanyuan , Wei Haidong , Li Jianhong
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether intermittent cold stimulation can induce adaptation in broilers to acute cold stress (ACS) by regulating the lipid metabolism of hearts.Methods: CS0 were kept at normal rearing temperature, while CS3 and CS5 were exposed to 3°C for 3 and 5 hours, respectively, on alternate days lower than CS0 from 15d to 35d. On 50d, broilers in three groups were exposed to ACS at 10°C for 12 hours (Y12). The levels of corticosterone (CORT) and liothyronine (T3), mRNA and protein levels of heart adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) pathway genes were assessed at 36 d, 50 d and Y12.Results: At 36d, mRNA levels of AMPKα, acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), mTOR, sterolregulatory element binding protein (SREBP), stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD), acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and protein level of peroxisome proliferatorsactivated receptor α (PPARα) in CS3 and CS5 were significantly lower than those in CS0 (p<0.05). At 50d, compared to CS0, mRNA levels of PPARα, carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (CPT1), ACO, tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), SREBP and SCD, as well as protein levels of p-AMPKα/AMPKα, PPARα and SREBP were significantly increased in CS5 (p<0.05). At Y12, the levels of T3 in CS3 and CS5 were significantly higher than those in CS0 (p<0.05), mRNA levels of CPT1, ACO, SREBP, SCD and protein levels of p-AMPKα/AMPKα, SREBP, and FAS were significantly higher in CS5 than in CS0 and CS3 (p<0.05). However, compared to 50d, at Y12, mRNA levels of AMPKα, CPT1 and ACO in CS3 and CS5 significantly decreased (p<0.05), while protein levels of p-AMPKα/AMPKα significantly increased (p<0.05).Conclusion: This study suggested that intermittent cold stimulation at 3°C lower than normal rearing temperature for 5h could help broilers adapt to the ACS by promoting heart lipid metabolism.
Effects of dietary metabolizable energy and crude protein levels on laying performance, egg quality and fecal microbiota of Taihe Silky Fowl during the peak laying period
Authors: Li Wentao , Kai Lixia , Shen Yutian , Su Weifa , Fan Yuqing , Wang Yizhen , Lu Zeqing
Published: October 2024

Objective: The experiment aimed to study the effect of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) on laying performance, egg quality, serum routine biochemical and lipid metabolism indicators, the apparent digestibility of nutrients, and fecal microbiota of Taihe Silky Fowl (TSF) during the peak laying period.Methods: A total of 540 26-week-old TSF female fowls were randomly allocated to 9 groups with 5 replicates per group and 12 fowls per replicate. The fowls were fed with a 3×3 factorial arrangement of treatments diets (ME:10.88,11.30, or 11.72 MJ/kg; CP: 15, 16, or 17%).Results: With the increasing CP level, the egg weight (p = 0.023), egg production (p = 0.047), and egg mass (p = 0.022) enhanced, while the feed conversion rate (FCR) (p = 0.023) decreased. As the ME levels grew, the average daily feed intake (p<0.001) and FCR (p = 0.045) decreased. With enhanced ME, the triglycerides (p = 0.037), total cholesterol (p = 0.041), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.028) increased, whereas the low-density serum lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.039) decreased. The apparent digestibility of CP increased as the ME level increased (p = 0.029) and as the CP level decreased (p = 0.027). At the same time, the apparent digestibility of gross energy increased as the ME level increased (p = 0.018). Different levels of ME or CP changed the composition of fecal microbiota, 17% CP increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium.Conclusion: It is suggested that 10.88 MJ/kg dietary ME and 17% CP level are suitable for the nutritional requirements of TSF during the peak laying period.
The role of telecommunications in enabling Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and applications
Authors: Abel Uzoka  , Emmanuel Cadet  , Pascal Ugochukwu Ojukwu
Published: October 2024

This review paper explores the pivotal role of telecommunications in enabling Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and applications, providing a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and future prospects. The primary objective is to synthesize existing research and industry insights to highlight how advancements in telecommunications infrastructure and technology have catalyzed the adoption and expansion of IoT. The review systematically examines the evolution of telecommunications technologies, including 4G, 5G, and emerging network protocols such as Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and Long-Term Evolution for Machines (LTE-M). It assesses how these technologies enhance IoT connectivity by providing the necessary bandwidth, low latency, and reliability for real-time data exchange and device interoperability. Key findings from the literature reveal that the deployment of 5G networks has been a game-changer for IoT, offering unprecedented speeds and connectivity capabilities that support a wide range of applications in smart cities, healthcare, agriculture, and industrial automation. Additionally, the paper discusses the role of telecommunications in addressing challenges related to security, scalability, and energy efficiency in IoT deployments. The review concludes that telecommunications are integral to the growth and sustainability of IoT ecosystems. As telecommunications technology continues to advance, its ability to support increasingly complex and ubiquitous IoT applications will drive innovation and enhance efficiency across various sectors. The paper emphasizes the necessity for ongoing investment in telecommunications infrastructure and research to fully exploit the transformative potential of IoT connectivity and applications.
Towards multicluster computations with Julia
Authors: Carvalho Junior Francisco H. de , Carneiro Tiago
Published: October 2024

The ability to aggregate the computational resources of multiple clusters is useful for solving large problems that can benefit from multicluster platforms. In this context, this paper introduces an extension to Julia that enables multilevel parallelism and allows users to exploit use cases of multicluster computation. The proposal is evaluated through a proof-of-concept case study based on the multizone version of the NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB-MZ), focusing on evaluating inter-cluster communication and load-balancing overheads.
Performance Evaluation of Dense Linear Algebra Kernels using Chameleon and StarPU on AWS
Authors: Pinto Vinicius Garcia , Lima João V. F. , Munhoz Vanderlei , Cordeiro Daniel , Francesquini Emilio , Castro Márcio
Published: October 2024

Due to recent advances and investments in cloud computing, public cloud providers now offer GPU-accelerated and compute-optimized Virtual Machine (VM) instances, allowing researchers to execute parallel workloads in virtual heterogeneous clusters in the cloud. This paper evaluates the performance and monetary costs of running dense linear algebra algorithms extracted from the Chameleon package implemented using StarPU on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances. We evaluated these metrics with a single powerful/costly instance with four NVIDIA GPUs (fat node) and with a cluster of five less powerful/cheaper instances with a single NVIDIA GPU in each node. Our results showed that most of the linear algebra algorithms achieved better performance and lower monetary costs on the fat node scenario even with one less GPU.
Towards Just-In-Time Software Approximations
Authors: Reis Lucas , Wanner Lucas , Rigo Sandro
Published: October 2024

Software-level approximations, such as loop perforation, function replacement, and memoization, can significantly enhance application performance and energy efficiency during compile time. However, approximating compilers often require extensive user intervention and lack the capability for real-time adaptation. This paper presents RAAS, a framework that integrates just-in-time recompilation with an automated evaluation system to create a general-purpose software approximation system with minimal user involvement. Our framework can apply input-aware approximations without needing a separate testing phase by continuously monitoring the target application and recompiling code blocks. We evaluated the framework with a set of resilient benchmarks while also comparing its performance with a similar framework focused on static compilation of approximations. Our findings demonstrate speedups of up to 6.3x with quality degradation limited to 30%, achieving competitive results to a static compilation with a shorter convergence time.
An Analysis of Performance Variability in AWS Virtual Machines
Authors: Lima Miguel de , Teylo Luan , Drummond Lúcia
Published: October 2024

Cloud computing platforms are essential for a wide range of applications, including High-Performance Computing (HPC) and artificial intelligence. However, the performance variability of virtual machines (VMs) in these shared environments presents significant challenges. This paper provides an extensive month-long analysis of the performance variability of C family VMs on Amazon Web Services (AWS) across two regions (us-east-1 and sa-east-1), various instance generations, and market types. Our findings indicate that Graviton processors (c6g.12xlarge and c7g.12xlarge) exhibit minimal performance variability and high cost-effectiveness, with the c7g.12xlarge instance, in particular, offering significantly reduced execution times and lower costs. Intel and AMD instances, while showing performance improvements from generation c6 to c7, exhibited up to 20% variability.
Uma Revisão Sistemática sobre Estruturas de Dados em Dispositivos Persistentes Contemporâneos
Authors: Spagnol Lucas , Honorio Bruno , Baldassin Alexandro , Francesquini Emilio
Published: October 2024

Memória persistente (PM) é uma tecnologia emergente que combina o acesso rápido aos dados com endereçamento por byte, além de oferecer grande capacidade de armazenamento persistente. Devido a essas características, a PM tem ganhado cada vez mais atenção, com diversos estudos sendo realizados para explorar seu uso e desempenho. Paralelamente, trabalhos sobre estruturas de dados (ED) têm evoluído para maximizar o aproveitamento das PMs. Isso inclui o desenvolvimento de EDs adaptadas para a persistência e transações atômicas. Este artigo revisa os trabalhos mais relevantes na área de memória persistente com foco em estruturas de dados, destacando aqueles que desenvolvem ou adaptam tais estruturas para uso na PM. Nossos estudos identificaram as principais características necessárias para o desenvolvimento de uma estrutura de dados voltada para PM, visando aprimorar o desempenho ao reduzir o número de operações de escrita por meio de otimizações de código e do uso de memória DRAM como cache. Além disso, enfatizamos a importância da garantia de persistência, uma vez que a memória persistente mantém os dados mesmo após o desligamento do sistema.
Avaliação das Técnicas Gulosa e Probabilística no Desempenho do Algoritmo de Otimização de Colônia de Formigas
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Carolina Medeiros , Brito Maria Eduarda Oliveira , Freitas Henrique Cota de , Nobre Cristiane Neri
Published: October 2024

O Big Data Analytics e os algoritmos de Aprendizado de Máquina enfrentam desafios significativos ao lidar com grandes volumes de dados, tornando as técnicas de pré-processamento essenciais nesse contexto. Uma dessas técnicas é a Seleção de Instâncias, que identifica as instâncias mais relevantes em uma base de dados. Este estudo compara duas abordagens do algoritmo de Otimização por Colônia de Formigas (ACO) para a seleção de instâncias: a heurística gulosa e a abordagem probabilística. Em 16 bases de dados, a abordagem gulosa reduziu o tamanho das bases em média 50% e apresentou um tempo de execução quase pela metade em relação à abordagem probabilística.