bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermoplastic Elastomers
Authors: Ouhadi Traz , Abdou‐Sabet Sabet , Wussow Hans‐Georg , Ryan Larry M. , Plummer Lawrence , Baumann Franz Erich , Lohmar Jörg , Vermeire Hans F. , Malet Frédéric L.G.
Published: January 2014

The article contains sections titled:1.Thermoplastic Polyolefin Elastomers1.1.Introduction and Definition1.2.Thermoplastic Polyolefin Blends1.2.1.Morphology1.2.2.Elastomer Component, Soft Domain1.2.3.Plastic Component, Hard Domain1.2.4.Compounds, Trade Names1.2.5.Processing1.3.Thermoplastic Vulcanizates1.3.1.Dynamic Vulcanization1.3.2.Production and Morphology1.3.3.Types1.3.4.Processing1.3.5.Performance and Product Positioning1.3.6.Uses1.3.7.Commercial Products and Trade Names2.Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers2.1.Introduction2.2.Raw Materials2.3.Production2.4.Properties2.5.Processing and Use2.6.Economic Aspects2.7.Toxicology and Occupational Health3.Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers3.1.Introduction3.2.Raw Materials3.3.Production3.4.Microstructure and Composition of Segments3.4.1.Short‐Chain Ester Units (Hard Segments)3.4.2.Long‐Chain Polyether Soft Segments3.4.3.Hydrocarbon Soft Segments3.4.4.Polyester Soft Segments3.5.Properties3.6.Blends3.7.Uses3.8.Producers, Trade Names4.Thermoplastic Polyamide Elastomers4.1.Introduction4.2.Raw Materials4.2.1.Oligoamide Unit4.2.2.Polyether Units4.3.Manufacture of Block Polyetheramides4.3.1.Polyetherester Amides4.3.2.Synthesis of Polyetheramides4.4.Physical and Chemical Properties4.4.1.Block Variations4.4.2.Morphology4.4.3.Outstanding Properties4.4.4.Chemical Resistance4.4.5.Processing4.5.Uses4.6.Trade Names5.Styrenic Block Copolymers5.1.Introduction5.2.Synthesis5.3.Properties5.4.Uses5.4.1.Adhesives, Sealants, and Coatings5.4.2.Modification of Bitumen5.4.3.Compounded Products5.4.4.Modification of Plastics
Lumineszierende Materialien: Fixierung von π‐konjugierten und heterocyclischen Liganden mit Bor(III)
Authors: Frath Denis , Massue Julien , Ulrich Gilles , Ziessel Raymond
Published: January 2014

Die multidisziplinäre Forschung zu neuen organischen Lumineszenzfarbstoffen wird durch mögliche Anwendungen in der Kunststoffelektronik und Biomedizin vorangetrieben. Die Anordnung ausgeklügelter Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe um ein tetraedrisches Bor(III)‐Zentrum herum ist eine besondere Herangehensweise, die die Kreativität der Chemiker herausfordert. Erfolgreich sind dabei einfache Synthesemethoden, die zu Produkten mit ungewöhnlichem spektroskopischem Verhalten führen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz liefert eine kritische Betrachtung neuerer Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet solcher Bor(III)‐Komplexe (unter Ausschluss von BODIPY‐Verbindungen und Acetylacetonat‐Bor‐Komplexen), die Spezies mit ähnlichen Koordinationsmerkmalen umfassen, und prognostiziert die mögliche Entwicklung dieser Komplexe in verschiedenen Fachbereichen.
Bioorganometallic Chemistry with IspG and IspH: Structure, Function, and Inhibition of the [Fe4S4] Proteins Involved in Isoprenoid Biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Weixue , Oldfield Eric
Published: January 2014

Enzymes of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis are attractive anti‐infective drug targets. The last two enzymes of this pathway, IspG and IspH, are [Fe4S4] proteins that are not produced by humans and catalyze 2 H+/ 2 e− reductions with novel mechanisms. In this Review, we summarize recent advances in structural, mechanistic, and inhibitory studies of these two enzymes. In particular, mechanistic proposals involving bioorganometallic intermediates are presented, and compared with other mechanistic possibilities. In addition, inhibitors based on substrate analogues as well as developed by rational design and compound‐library screening, are discussed. The results presented support bioorganometallic catalytic mechanisms for IspG and IspH, and open up new routes to anti‐infective drug design targeting [Fe4S4] clusters in proteins.
Tailoring Chimeric Ligands for Studying and Biasing ErbB Receptor Family Interactions
Authors: Krueger Andrew T. , Kroll Carsten , Sanchez Edgar , Griffith Linda G. , Imperiali Barbara
Published: January 2014

Described is the development and application of a versatile semisynthetic strategy, based on a combination of sortase‐mediated coupling and tetrazine ligation chemistry, which can be exploited for the efficient incorporation of tunable functionality into chimeric recombinant proteins. To demonstrate the scope of the method, the assembly of a set of bivalent ligands, which integrate members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand family, is described. By using a series of bivalent EGFs with variable intraligand spacing, the differences in structure were correlated with the ability to bias signaling in the ErbB receptor family in a cell motility assay. Biasing away from EGFR‐HER2 dimerization with a bivalent EGF was observed to reduce cell motility in an intraligand distance‐dependent fashion, thus demonstrating the utility of the approach for acutely perturbing receptor‐mediated cell signaling pathways.
One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Acetyl‐ and N‐Glycolylneuraminic Acid Capped Trisaccharides and Evaluation of Their Influenza A(H1 N1) Inhibition
Authors: Hsu Yun , Ma Hsiu‐Hwa , Lico Larry S. , Jan Jia‐Tsrong , Fukase Koichi , Uchinashi Yosuke , Zulueta Medel Manuel L. , Hung Shang‐Cheng
Published: January 2014

Human lung epithelial cells natively offer terminal N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) α(2→6)‐linked to galactose (Gal) as binding sites for influenza virus hemagglutinin. N‐Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) in place of Neu5Ac is known to affect hemagglutinin binding in other species. Not normally generated by humans, Neu5Gc may find its way to human cells from dietary sources. To compare their influence in influenza virus infection, six trisaccharides with Neu5Ac or Neu5Gc α(2→6) linked to Gal and with different reducing end sugar units were prepared using one‐pot assembly and divergent transformation. The sugar assembly made use of an N‐phthaloyl‐protected sialyl imidate for chemoselective activation and α‐stereoselective coupling with a thiogalactoside. Assessment of cytopathic effect showed that the Neu5Gc‐capped trisaccharides inhibited the viral infection better than their Neu5Ac counterparts.
Activation of Oxygen on Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Assisted by Surface Plasmon Resonances
Authors: Huang Yi‐Fan , Zhang Meng , Zhao Liu‐Bin , Feng Jia‐Min , Wu De‐Yin , Ren Bin , Tian Zhong‐Qun
Published: January 2014

Surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) have been found to promote chemical reactions. In most oxidative chemical reactions oxygen molecules participate and understanding of the activation mechanism of oxygen molecules is highly important. For this purpose, we applied surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to find out the mechanism of SPR‐assisted activation of oxygen, by using p‐aminothiophenol (PATP), which undergoes a SPR‐assisted selective oxidation, as a probe molecule. In this way, SPR has the dual function of activating the chemical reaction and enhancing the Raman signal of surface species. Both experiments and DFT calculations reveal that oxygen molecules were activated by accepting an electron from a metal nanoparticle under the excitation of SPR to form a strongly adsorbed oxygen molecule anion. The anion was then transformed to Au or Ag oxides or hydroxides on the surface to oxidize the surface species, which was also supported by the heating effect of the SPR. This work points to a promising new era of SPR‐assisted catalytic reactions.
Maternal residential proximity to sources of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and adverse birth outcomes in a UK cohort
Authors: de Vocht Frank , Hannam Kimberly , Baker Philip , Agius Raymond
Published: January 2014

Studies have suggested that exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMF) may be associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. This study tested the hypothesis that close proximity to residential ELF‐EMF sources is associated with a reduction in birth weight and increased the risk of low birthweight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA) and spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). Closest residential proximity to high voltage cables, overhead power lines, substations or towers during pregnancy was calculated for 140356 singleton live births between 2004 and 2008 in Northwest England. Associations between proximity and risk for LBW, SGA and SPTB were calculated, as well as associations with birth weight directly. Associations were adjusted for maternal age, ethnicity, parity and for part of the population additionally for maternal smoking during pregnancy. Reduced average birth weight of 212 g (95% confidence interval (CI): −395 to −29 g) was found for close proximity to a source, and was largest for female births (−251 g (95% CI: −487 to −15 g)). No statistically significant increased risks for any clinical birth outcomes with residential proximity of 50 m or less were observed. Living close (50 m or less) to a residential ELF‐EMF source during pregnancy is associated with suboptimal growth in utero, with stronger effects in female than in males. However, only a few pregnant women live this close to high voltage cables, overhead power lines, substations or towers, likely limiting its public health impact. Bioelectromagnetics. 35:201–209, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transfemoral implantation of Edwards Sapien XT aortic valve without previous valvuloplasty: Role of 2D/3D transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: García Eulogio , Almería Carlos , Unzué Leire , Jiménez‐Quevedo Pilar , Cuadrado Ana , Macaya Carlos
Published: January 2014

Background

Balloon valvuloplasty (BAV) has been considered a mandatory step before TAVI. However, it might be related to cerebrovascular microembolizations, atrioventricular conduction disturbances, and hemodynamic instability. The aim of this study is to describe transesophageal echocardiography characteristics of patients that could benefit from direct transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) of Edwards SAPIEN XT, without previous BAV.

Methods and Results

A total of 16 patients with direct implantation of an Edwards SAPIEN XT valve are included. Preprocedural echocardiographic findings were exhaustively analyzed and described. From 32 patients elected for transfemoral TAVI with an Edwards SAPIEN XT, 16 of them (50%) were selected for direct implantation using the Edwards SAPIEN XT valve of size 23 mm (n = 5), 26 mm (n = 8), or 29 mm (n = 3). Patients selection for direct TAVI presented three echocardiographic conditions: central effective orifice, moderate to severe calcification of the aortic valve apparatus preserving leaflets movement, and symmetric distribution of calcium with absent to moderate central aortic regurgitation. Mean age was 81.4 ± 7.4, 75% female, with a mean logistic Euroscore 18.2 ± 11.2. Preprocedural mean valve gradient was 43.6 ± 16.3. Mean effective orifice area was 0.7 ± 0.2. There was no valve embolization and the success rate was 100%. Postdilation was performed in one patient (6.25%). New permanent pacing was needed in two patients (12.5%).

Conclusions

TAVI without previous BAV is feasible and safe. 2D/3D TEE is an essential tool to select the patients that could benefit from this technique. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intravascular ultrasound‐guided management of large thrombus burden in an aneurysmal coronary artery in a young male
Authors: Boganashanmugam Vimalraj , Psaltis Peter J. , Antonis Paul
Published: January 2014

Management of acute thrombotic occlusion of coronary artery aneurysms is challenging with a lack of randomized trial evidence. We report an unusual case of a 30‐year‐old Indian Australian male who presented with an extensive anterior STEMI because of very large thrombus burden in a dilated proximal left anterior descending artery. A relatively conservative treatment approach comprising emergency aspiration thrombectomy and ongoing infusion of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, guided by surveillant inpatient angiography and intravascular ultrasound, helped achieve a satisfactory outcome in a complex setting in which percutaneous coronary angioplasty and stenting were not desirable. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzymatic Decarboxylation—An Emerging Reaction for Chemicals Production from Renewable Resources
Authors: Kourist Robert , Guterl Jan‐Karl , Miyamoto Kenji , Sieber Volker
Published: January 2014

Decarboxylases are very useful tools for the defunctionalization of organic molecules under very mild reaction conditions. They have been applied for the synthesis of alcohols, carboxylic acids, diamines, terminal olefins, and other important chemicals. Moreover, several decarboxylases catalyze the fixation of carbon dioxide, which makes them promising catalysts for the utilization of this resource. Interestingly, several decarboxylases show promiscuous activities such as enzymatic racemization and stereoselective hydration. Despite this very high synthetic potential, large‐scale processes are still rare and are mostly limited to fermentative approaches or to small‐volume products. This Minireview gives an overview of the several recent, very promising applications both for the synthesis of high‐value fine chemicals and biogenic bulk products and summarizes chances and limitations of this emerging class of biocatalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: The New Misfit Compound (BiSe)1.15(TiSe2)2 and the Role of Dimensionality in the Cux(BiSe)1+δ(TiSe2)n Series.
Authors: Trump Benjamin A. , Livi Kenneth J. T. , McQueen Tyrel M.
Published: January 2014

Single crystals of (BiSe)1.15(TiSe2)2 and (BiSe)1.13(TiSe2) are prepared from Bi, Ti, and Se in the molar ratio1:1:3 by vapor transport with TeCl4 as transport agent (750—680 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Revision of the Li—Si Phase Diagram: Discovery and Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Structure Determination of the High‐Temperature Phase Li4.11Si.
Authors: Zeilinger Michael , Kurylyshyn Iryna M. , Haeussermann Ulrich , Faessler Thomas F.
Published: January 2014

The detailed reinvestigation of the Li‐rich part of the binary Li—Si phase diagram reveals the existence of Li4.106Si (Li16.42Si4) which forms through peritectic decomposition of the Li‐richest phase Li17Si4 at 481—486 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of the First Tetracyanamidogallate.
Authors: Kalmutzki Markus , Stroebele Markus , Kroeker Scott , Wren John E. C. , Meyer H. Juergen
Published: January 2014

LiSr2[Ga(CN2)4] is synthesized by solid state metathesis reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of SrF2, GaF3, and Li2(CN2) (475 °C, 30 h, 100% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis and Characterization of New Actinide Borates, AnB4O8 (An: Th, U).
Authors: Hinteregger Ernst , Hofer Thomas S. , Heymann Gunter , Perfler Lukas , Kraus Florian , Huppertz Hubert
Published: January 2014

ThB4O8 and UB4O8 are synthesized from the corresponding metal oxides and B2O3 at 5.5 and 10.5 GPa, respectively (multianvil Walker‐type apparatus, 1100 °C, 10 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Anomalous Stereoselectivity in the Wittig Reaction: The Role of Steric Interactions.
Authors: Stepien Marcin
Published: January 2014

Density functional theory calculations combined with a distortion/interaction energy analysis show that the anomalous Z selectivity observed in Wittig reactions of ortho‐substituted benzaldehydes is not caused by phosphorus—heteroatom interactions in the addition transition state, as assumed in earlier work, but is predominantly conditioned by steric effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐enzymatic Acylative Kinetic Resolution of Primary Allylic Amines.
Authors: Kolleth Amandine , Cattoen Martin , Arseniyadis Stellios , Cossy Janine
Published: January 2014

A non‐enzymatic acetyl‐transfer kinetic resolution of primary amines (I), (IV), (VI), and (VIII) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Vinylogous Michael Addition of α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Butyrolactam.
Authors: Zhang Jinlong , Liu Xihong , Ma Xiaojuan , Wang Rui
Published: January 2014

An efficient asymmetric vinylogous 1,6‐Michael addition of γ‐butyrolactam (II) to 5‐alkenyl‐isoxazoles (I) and α,β‐unsaturated ketones (IV) in the presence of a chiral quinine‐derived squaramide organocatalyst is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Synthesis of n‐Alkyl Arenes Through Alkyl Group Cross‐Metathesis.
Authors: Dobereiner Graham E. , Yuan Jian , Schrock Richard R. , Goldman Alan S. , Hackenberg Jason D.
Published: January 2014

The reaction proceeds via an initial dehydrogenation of the starting compounds followed by olefin metathesis and hydrogenation of the resulting alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Indanes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Carboannulation of Diazabicyclic Olefins with o‐Iodostyrenes.
Authors: Jijy Eliyan , Prakash Praveen , Saranya Shreyass , Suresh Eringathodi , Radhakrishnan Kokkuvayil Vasu
Published: January 2014

Carboannulation of a series of diazabicyclic Diels—Alder adducts with o‐iodostyrenes results in the formation of functionalized exo‐methylene substituted indanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Mizoroki—Heck Type Reaction with Aryliodine Diacetates Using Hydrazone Ligand.
Authors: Mino Takashi , Watanabe Kohei , Abe Taichi , Kogure Taketo , Sakamoto Masami
Published: January 2014

The palladium‐catalyzed Mizoroki—Heck type reaction of substituted aryliodine diacetates (I) with olefins of type (II) affords (E)‐olefins (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Method for Demethylation of Aryl Methyl Ether Using Aliquat‐336.
Authors: Waghmode Suresh B. , Mahale Ganesh , Patil Viraj P. , Renalson Kartik , Singh Dharmendra
Published: January 2014

A rapid and selective method for the title reaction is applied to a wide range of substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrophenoxylation of Alkynes by Cooperative Gold Catalysis.
Authors: Oonishi Yoshihiro , Gomez‐Suarez Adrian , Martin Anthony R. , Nolan Steven P.
Published: January 2014

The title method gives aryl vinyl ethers in high yields, short reaction times, Z‐stereoselectivity, and good regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and General Procedure for the Synthesis of α,β‐Alkynyl Ketones from Nitriles Using Alkynyldimethylaluminum Reagents.
Authors: Korbad Balaji L. , Lee Sang‐Hyeup
Published: January 2014

The addition of alkynyldimethylaluminum reagents (II) to nitriles and subsequent hydrolysis in the presence of SiO2 provides α,β‐alkynyl ketones via N‐H ketimine intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Wacker Oxidation of Internal Alkenes: Rapid Access to Functionalized Ketones Facilitated by Cross‐Metathesis.
Authors: Morandi Bill , Wickens Zachary , Grubbs Robert H.
Published: January 2014

The key aspect of the title reaction is the identification of a wide range of directing groups for enabling a regioselective Wacker oxidation of internal alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Hydrotalcite Clay Catalyzed Baylis—Hillman Reaction.
Authors: Srivastava Vivek
Published: January 2014

A novel methodology for the Baylis—Hillman reaction using ionic liquid/hydrotalcite catalytic systems is developed that appears to be more efficient in terms of yield and reaction rate than the usually applied DABCO/MeCN system.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to β‐Keto Esters by Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of Aryl Halides with Monoester Potassium Malonates.
Authors: Korsager Signe , Nielsen Dennis U. , Taaning Rolf H. , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: January 2014

The Pd‐catalyzed carbonylative α‐arylation of monoethyl potassium malonates with aryl bromides and reactive aryl chlorides provides a simple and direct route to aryl β‐ketoesters.
ChemInform Abstract: A General, Practical Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyanation of (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides and Bromides.
Authors: Senecal Todd D. , Shu Wei , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: January 2014

This is a versatile method for the preparation of aryl and heteroaryl nitriles from the respective chlorides or bromides in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of Indium(III) Triflate in Oxone‐Mediated Oxidative Methyl Esterification of Aldehydes.
Authors: Mineno Tomoko , Sakai Mai , Ubukata Akira , Nakahara Kazuhide , Yoshimitsu Hitoshi , Kansui Hisao
Published: January 2014

Efficient, direct oxidative methyl esterification of aryl aldehydes is achieved using a couple of oxidant (oxone) and In(O‐Tf)3 as Lewis acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Difluoro(phenylsulfonyl)methylation of Carbonyls with PhSO2CF2H Reagent in the Presence of in situ Generated Substoichiometric Amount of Base.
Authors: Hu Mingyou , Gao Bing , Ni Chuanfa , Zhang Laijun , Hu Jinbo
Published: January 2014

Aliphatic as well as aromatic aldehydes undergo nucleophilic difluoro(phenylsulfonyl)methylation by reaction with PhSO2CF2H (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Merrifield Resin Supported Peroxomolybdenum(VI) Compounds: Recoverable Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Efficient, Selective and Mild Oxidation of Organic Sulfides with H2O2.
Authors: Boruah Jeena Jyoti , Das Siva Prasad , Ankireddy Seshadri Reddy , Gogoi Sandhy Rani , Islam Nashreen S.
Published: January 2014

All reactions can be conducted at room temperature as well, merely expanding the reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Asymmetric Allylic Dearomatization Reaction of Naphthol Derivatives.
Authors: Zhuo Chun‐Xiang , You Shu‐Li
Published: January 2014

This is the first Pd‐catalyzed intermolecular asymmetric allylic dearomatization of β‐naphthol derivatives yielding products with all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters with good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Tungstate Based Poly(ionic Liquid) Entrapped Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Robust Oxidation Catalyst.
Authors: Pourjavadi Ali , Hosseini Seyed Hassan , Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Foroushani Behzad Koushki , Bennett Craig
Published: January 2014

The recoverable catalyst can be separated from the reaction mixture using an external magnet and reused at least ten times without loss of its catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Phthalic Anhydride Derivatives with (Trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane.
Authors: Wu Mingxi , Wang Mingjin , Cao Song
Published: January 2014

A novel Cu‐catalyzed trifluoromethylation of phthalic and 1,8‐naphthoic anhydrides is reported using TmsCF3 as nucleophilic trifluoromethylation reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles via Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Oxime Acetates with Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates under Aerobic Conditions.
Authors: Tang Xiaodong , Huang Liangbin , Qi Chaorong , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: January 2014

A novel and useful method to construct highly substituted pyrroles (III) (23 examples) is developed that tolerates a wide range of functionalities.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected One‐Pot Synthesis of A3‐Type Unsymmetrical Porphyrin.
Authors: Mahmood Mian HR , Liu Hai‐Yang , Wang Hua‐Hua , Jiang Yi‐Yu , Chang C.‐K.
Published: January 2014

The one‐pot reaction of aromatic aldehydes with pyrrole yields symmetrical A4‐type porphyrins (III), unsymmetrical A3‐type porphyrin (V) or corrole (VII) depending on the electronic properties of the aldehyde.
ChemInform Abstract: “On‐Water” Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Indoles via Knoevenagel/Michael Addition Sequence Catalyzed by Cu Doped ZnS NPs.
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Gupta Shyam L. , Parewa Vijay , Sharma Amit , Rathore Kuldeep S. , Sharma Amit
Published: January 2014

Cu doped ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) represent a green catalyst for a one‐pot rapid synthesis of 3‐substituted indole derivatives via Knoevenagel/Michael addition reaction in aqueous medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Heteroannulation Approach to 1,2‐Bis(3‐indolyl)ethanes.
Authors: Blair Lachlan M. , Sperry Jonathan
Published: January 2014

Freshly prepared instable aldehyde (I) undergoes Pd‐catalyzed heteroannulation reaction with various o‐iodoaniline derivatives to give the title compounds (III) in low to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 5‐Chloroindoline‐2,3‐dione Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization and Preliminary Evaluation for Antimalarial Activity.
Authors: Shingade Sunil G. , Bari Sanjaykumar B. , Agarwal Pooja , Srivastava Kumkum
Published: January 2014

2‐Azetidinone and 4‐thiazolidinone derivatives of 5‐chloroindolinedione are synthesized and evaluated for their antimalarial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Spirooxindole Derivatives Bearing Hexahydroquinolines Using Multicomponent Reactions Catalyzed by Ethylenediamine Diacetate.
Authors: Kang So Rang , Lee Yong Rok
Published: January 2014

A three‐component reaction of isatins, cyclic enaminones, and malononitrile is optimized.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization Cascade of Hydrazono Ugi Adducts Towards Pyrazoles.
Authors: Agrebi Asma , Allouche Fatma , Chabchoub Fakher , El Kaim Laurent
Published: January 2014

This new cyclization cascade reaction gives at first Ugi hydrazones, which can be easily converted to the corresponding pyrazoles via a formal [3 + 2]‐cycloaddition.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green and Simple Synthesis of N‐Substituted‐2‐mercaptobenzimidazoles
Authors: Rao S. Srinivas , Dubey P. K. , Kumari Y. Bharathi
Published: January 2014

via reaction of 2‐chlorobenzimidazoles (I) with thiourea under microwave irradiation conditions, or alternatively and with comparable results, in PEG 600 or under physical grinding conditions
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of Sugar Isoxazole Conjugates.
Authors: Luginina Jevgenija , Rjabovs Vitalijs , Belyakov Sergey , Turks Maris
Published: January 2014

This provides the first examples of isoxazolyl sugars where the azole fragment is attached to C3 of the carbohydrate through a C—C bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Merging the Ring Opening of Benzoxazoles with Secondary Amines and an Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization Towards the Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzoxazoles.
Authors: Xu Daqian , Wang Wenfang , Miao Chengxia , Zhang Qiaohong , Xia Chungu , Sun Wei
Published: January 2014

A feasible radical process is proposed for the oxidative cyclization on the basis of mechanistic studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Another Way to the Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Xu Beihua , Hu Yongzhou
Published: January 2014

8 Triazoles of type (III) and 18 triazoles of type (VI) are prepared by reaction of various aryl α‐bromoacetophenones with methylhydrazine and phenylhydrazine, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as an Efficient and Magnetically Recoverable Catalyst for the Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Heterocyclic and Cyclic Ketones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Alishiri Tooba , Oskooei Hossein A. , Heravi Majid M.
Published: January 2014

The catalyst can be reused with negligible loss of reactivity (seven runs).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of New Polysubstituted Thiophenes and 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles Incorporating 2,6‐Pyridine Moieties.
Authors: Ali Korany A. , Abdalghfar Heba S. , Mahmoud Khaled , Ragab Eman A.
Published: January 2014

Several new polysubstituted thiophene and thiadiazole derivatives incorporating a 2,6‐pyridine moiety are efficiently synthesized using hitherto not reported bis(3‐oxopropanethioamide) (III) as key building block.
ChemInform Abstract: Green and Solvent‐Free Procedure for Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Triarylpyridines Catalyzed Using MgAl2O4 Nanocrystals.
Authors: Safari Javad , Gandomi‐Ravandi Soheila , Borujeni Mahmoud Borjian
Published: January 2014

The catalyst can be used in five successive runs without significant decrease in its catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfamic Acid‐Catalyzed Multicomponent One‐Pot Synthesis of Poly‐Substituted Pyridines and Their Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Janardhan B. , Vijayalaxmi S. , Rajitha B.
Published: January 2014

9 Title compounds of type (III) are prepared by a sulfamic acid‐catalyzed three‐component synthesis and screened for their antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Arylidene‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐4,6‐diones and Coumarin‐3‐carboxylic Acids via Reaction of Nitrones and Meldrum′s Acid.
Authors: Kumar Dhruva , Suresh Suresh , Sandhu Jagir S.
Published: January 2014

Reaction of meldrum′s acid with nitrones (II) gives selectively the corresponding arylidene derivatives (III) (12 examples) in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Nitenpyram Analogues with Tetrahydropyrimidine Fixed (Z)‐Configuration.
Authors: Sun Chuan‐wen , Fang Ting , Hao Zhi‐bing , Pang Chun‐cheng , Xu Xiao , Xin Hua‐jia
Published: January 2014

All synthesized compounds show good insecticidal activity against Nilaparvata lugens.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Spiro Pyrano[2,3‐d]thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylide.
Authors: Ling Yulin , Liu Haochong , Zheng Aiting , Li Guobin , Li Xiaofang
Published: January 2014

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of 2‐arylmethylidenepyranothiazolopyrimidones (III) to an azomethine ylide, generated by a decarboxylative route from sarcosine (VI) and acenaphthenequinone (V), affords the novel spiro‐compounds (VII) in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antibacterial Activities of Novel 2‐Aryl‐3‐(phenylamino)‐2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Mohammadi Ali A. , Rohi Hamed , Soorki Ali Abolhasani
Published: January 2014

The inexpensive and non‐toxic KAl(SO4)2·12H2O is successfully used as catalyst for the cyclocondensation reaction of various aromatic aldehydes and 2‐amino‐N‐phenylbenzohydrazine.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine(III)‐Induced Oxidation [4 + 2] Annulation of o‐Phenylenediamines and Electron‐Deficient Alkynes: Direct Synthesis of Quinoxalines from Alkyne Substrates under Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Okumura Sota , Takeda Youhei , Kiyokawa Kensuke , Minakata Satoshi
Published: January 2014

The reaction allows for direct access to quinoxazolines bearing two electron‐withdrawing groups, e.g. (III), (V), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted‐1,3‐benzoxazines by Chlorotrimethylsilane‐Mediated Aza‐Acetalizations of Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Tang Zilong , Zhu Zhonghua , Yan Lin , Chang Shuhong , Liu Hanwen
Published: January 2014

TmsCl is found to be an effective and green Lewis acid catalyst for the aza‐acetalization of aromatic aldehydes with 2‐(N‐substituted aminomethyl)phenols.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Series of 6‐Chloro‐1,1‐dioxo‐1,4,2‐benzodithiazine Derivatives with Potential Biological Activity.
Authors: Brzozowski Zdzislaw , Slawinski Jaroslaw
Published: January 2014

A new type of constitutionally nonsymmetrical spirans (III), (IV), (VI), which in turn provide access to a series of 3‐substituted 1,4,2‐benzodithiazine 1,1‐dioxide derivatives is synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: A General and Highly Selective Method for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted α‐ and β‐Aminophosphonates.
Authors: Wang Lijing , Shen Qilong , Lu Long
Published: January 2014

The synthesis of a variety of α‐aminophosphonates employing enantiopure N‐tert‐butanesulfinylimine as auxiliary is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaline Earth Metallocenes Coordinated with Ester Pendants: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Application in Metathesis Reactions.
Authors: Li Heng , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: January 2014

The barium metallocenes are used as starting compounds for metal exchange metathesis reactions with transition metal complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Culcitiolides E—J, Six New Eremophilane‐Type Sesquiterpene Derivatives from Senecio culcitioides.
Authors: Mitsui Taichi , Hayashi Ken‐ichiro , Kawai Mikiko , Kido Masahiro , Tani Hiroyuki , Takaoka Daisuke , Matsuura Nobuyasu , Nozaki Hiroshi
Published: January 2014

Culcitiolides E (I), H (IIIa) and I (IIIb) potently inhibit NF‐ϰB‐induced gene expression.
ChemInform Abstract: Study on Antitubercular Constituents from the Seeds of Nigella glandulifera
Authors: Zhang Lin , et al. et al.
Published: January 2014

isolation, structure elucidation and in vitro antitubercular activity of two new compounds, methoxynigeglanine (I) and pyranoside (II), along with five known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Thio‐D‐galactopyranose
Authors: Wang Yuancheng , Du Yuguo
Published: January 2014

involving the conversion of epoxide (I) into thiirane (II) as key step
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Mechanochemical Treatment on the Kinetic Properties of V,Mo,Ti‐Containing Oxide Systems
Authors: Zazhigalov V. A.
Published: January 2014

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochromic Bipyridyl Metal Complexes: Photoregulation of the Nonlinear Optical and/or Luminescent Properties
Authors: Le Bozec Hubert , Guerchais Veronique
Published: January 2014

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Developing Ligands for Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalization: Intimate Dialogue Between Ligand and Substrate
Authors: Engle Keary M. , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: January 2014

Review: 260 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Previous and Recent Advances in Pyranoanthocyanins Equilibria in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Oliveira Joana , Mateus Nuno , de Freitas Victor
Published: January 2014

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review of Sublimation Thermodynamics of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds and Heterocycles
Authors: Goldfarb Jillian L.
Published: January 2014

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Challenges and Opportunities in Correlating Bimetallic Model Surfaces and Supported Catalysts
Authors: Porosoff Marc D. , Yu Weiting , Chen Jingguang G.
Published: January 2014

Review: 49 refs.
Fixed Pattern Noise in Localization Microscopy
Authors: Fox‐Roberts Patrick , Wen Tianqi , Suhling Klaus , Cox Susan
Published: January 2014

Localization microscopy vastly improves the resolution achieved by fluorescence microscopy by fitting the positions of individual fluorophores. We examine the reconstructions produced by different fitting algorithms for instances of fixed pattern noise—systematic tendencies to alter estimated emitter positions according to their subpixel location in a way that does not reflect the ground truth structure. We show that while not readily visible at standard empirical signal strengths, fixed pattern noise can occur when performing sub‐pixel fitting, and that its degree varies according to the algorithm used and the relative size of the pixels compared to the point spread function. For pixel sizes in the range 80–170 nm, this results in variations in accuracy of the order of 2–4 nm—comparatively small for many applications, but non‐negligible in scenarios where very high accuracy is sought.
Conformational Properties and Orientational Order of a de Vries Liquid Crystal Investigated through NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Domenici Valentina , Lelli Moreno , Cifelli Mario , Hamplova Vera , Marchetti Alessandro , Veracini Carlo Alberto
Published: January 2014

Solid‐state and liquid‐state NMR spectroscopic techniques are used to describe at molecular level the behaviour of a de Vries liquid crystal (namely the mesogen9HL) at the SmA–SmC* transition, which is characterized by the absence of the layer shrinkage, typical of non‐de Vries smectogens. Previous2H NMR studies on the same smectogen, performed at a different magnetic field (from 4.70 to 18.80 T), provided evidence of the occurrence of a tilt of one of the three phenyl rings, constituting the aromatic core of9HL, at the SmA–SmC* phase transition. In this work, the study is extended to the whole rigid aromatic core of the9HL. In particular, the variable temperature behavior of the mesogen studied by 1D13C NMR cross‐polarization (CP) and 2D1H–13C PDLF (proton‐encoded13C‐detected, local field) NMR experiments made possible the characterization of the conformational and orientational properties in the two smectic phases. These results are compared with various proposed models invoked to describe the SmA–SmC* transition in de Vries smectogens at a molecular level.
The Effect of Cholesterol on Membrane Dynamics on Different Timescales in Lipid Bilayers from Fast Field‐Cycling NMR Relaxometry Studies of Unilamellar Vesicles
Authors: Fraenza Carla C. , Meledandri Carla J. , Anoardo Esteban , Brougham Dermot F.
Published: January 2014

The general applicability of fast field‐cycling nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry in the study of dynamics in lipid bilayers is demonstrated through analysis of binary unilamellar liposomes composed of 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐posphocholine (DOPC) and cholesterol. We extend an evidence‐based method to simulating the NMR relaxation response, previously validated for single‐component membranes, to evaluate the effect of the sterol molecule on local ordering and dynamics over multiple timescales. The relaxometric results are found to be most consistent with the partitioning of the lipid molecules into affected and unaffected portions, rather than a single averaged phase. Our analysis suggests that up to 25 mol %, each cholesterol molecule orders three DOPC molecules, providing experimental backup to the findings of many molecular dynamics studies. A methodology is established for studying dynamics on multiple timescales in unilamellar membranes of more complex compositions.
Liquid‐Crystal Science from 1888 to 1922: Building a Revolution
Authors: Mitov Michel
Published: January 2014

The saga of liquid crystals started with their discovery in 1888 by the botanist Friedrich Reinitzer, who unexpectedly observed “two melting points” for crystals extracted from the root of a carrot. At the end of the nineteenth century, most scientists did not believe in the existence of “liquid crystals” as promoted by the crystallographer Otto Lehmann. The controversies were very vivid; to the point that the recognition of mesomorphic states of matter by the scientific community required more than two decades. In the end, liquid crystals have changed our vision of matter by shattering the three‐state paradigm. Since the mid‐1970s, liquid crystals have revolutionized the worldwide information‐display industry and now play a host of key roles in various technologies.
An experimental examination of peers' influence on adolescent girls' intent to engage in maladaptive weight‐related behaviors
Authors: Rancourt Diana , Choukas‐Bradley Sophia , Cohen Geoffrey L. , Prinstein Mitchell J.
Published: January 2014

Objective

Social psychological theories provide bases for understanding how social comparison processes may impact peer influence. This study examined two peer characteristics that may impact peer influence on adolescent girls' weight‐related behavior intentions: body size and popularity.

Method

A school‐based sample of 66 9th grade girls (12–15 years old) completed an experimental paradigm in which they believed they were interacting with other students (i.e., “e‐confederates”). The body size and popularity of the e‐confederates were experimentally manipulated. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions in which they were exposed to identical maladaptive weight‐related behavior norms communicated by ostensible female peers who were either: (1) Thin and Popular; (2) Thin and Average Popularity; or (3) Heavy and Average Popularity. Participants' intent to engage in weight‐related behaviors was measured pre‐experiment and during public and private segments of the experiment.

Results

A significant effect of condition on public conformity was observed. Participants exposed to peers' maladaptive weight‐related behavior norms in the Heavy and Average condition reported significantly less intent to engage in weight‐related behaviors than participants in either of the thin‐peer conditions (F(2) = 3.93, p = .025). Peer influence on private acceptance of weight‐related behavior intentions was similar across conditions (F(2) = .47, p = .63).

Discussion

Body size comparison may be the most salient component of peer influence processes on weight‐related behaviors. Peer influence on weight‐related behavior intention also appears to impact private beliefs. Considering peer norms in preventive interventions combined with dissonance‐based approaches may be useful. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:437–447)
Autologous albumin enhances the humoral immune response to capsular polysaccharide covalently coattached to bacteria‐sized latex beads
Authors: Colino Jesus , Duke Leah , Snapper Clifford M.
Published: January 2014

Abundant autologous proteins, like serum albumin, should be immunologically inert. However, individuals with no apparent predisposition to autoimmune disease can develop immune responses to autologous therapeutic proteins. Protein aggregation is a potential major trigger of these responses. Adsorption of proteins to particles provides macromolecular size and may generate structural changes in the protein, resembling aggregation. Using aldehyde/sulfate latex beads coated with murine serum albumin (MSA), we found that BALB/c mice mounted MSA‐specific IgG responses that were dependent on CD4+ T cells. IgGs were specific for MSA adsorbed to solid surfaces and noncross‐reactive with human, bovine, or pig albumins. T cells induced in response to MSA augmented the primary and induced boosted secondary IgG and IgM responses specific for the T cell‐independent antigen, capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 (PPS14), when the latter was attached to the same bead. Similar to the anti‐MSA IgG response, the boosted PPS14‐specific IgG secondary response was CD4+ T‐cell dependent, displayed a typical carrier effect, and was enhanced by, but did not require, Toll‐like receptor stimulation. These results provide a potential mechanism for the induction of responses to autoantigens unable to induce specific T‐cell responses, and provide new insights into polysaccharide‐specific immunity.
A Phosphino Calix[4]arene Bis‐Frustrated Lewis Pair
Authors: Arnott Gareth E. , Moquist Philip , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard
Published: January 2014

A bis‐frustrated Lewis pair based on a calix[4]arene skeleton is reported for the first time. Importantly, this system has been shown to activate two molecules of hydrogen, thereby establishing a proof of concept for multisite frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) design and synthesis. The complex [calixarene‐(Mes2PH+)2][BH(C6F5)3–]2 (6) has been characterised by X‐ray crystal structure analysis.
Exploration on green synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a marine‐derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii
Authors: Vala Anjana K.
Published: January 2014

Production of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) by biological route was examined using a marine‐derived fungal isolate. The isolated strain was identified as Aspergillus sydowii based on morphological traits and molecular identification technique. The test strain exhibited the potential to produce GNPs. A noteworthy observation was that mode of biosynthesis (extracellular/intracellular) depended on supplied gold ion concentration. As revealed by the color of the filtrate, at lower concentrations of gold ion larger size particles were obtained, while higher concentrations supported synthesis of smaller particles. The particles biosynthesized at 3 mM gold chloride were found to be spherical and nearly monodisperse in nature. The particles were found to be in the size range of 8.7–15.6 nm with a mean diameter of 10 nm. Based on the findings it can be concluded that marine‐derived fungus A. sydowii could be a promising candidate for synthesizing GNPs using green chemistry approach. Hence, the protocol is ecofriendly. The present study is the first ever report on biosynthesis of GNPs using a marine‐derived A. sydowii. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 194–197, 2015
A selected group of large common fragile site genes have decreased expression in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Gao Ge , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Tombers Nicole M. , Wang Vivian , Mayer Kevin , Smith David I.
Published: January 2014

The common fragile sites (CFSs) are large regions of profound genomic instability found in all individuals. The frequent deletions and other alterations in these regions in multiple cancers has led to the discovery of a number of extremely large genes contained within these regions and several of the large CFS genes have already been demonstrated to function as tumor suppressors involved in the formation of many different cancers. To study the large CFS genes in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), we did RNA seq analysis from 11 head and neck cancer patients. This revealed that there are six large CFS genes which consistently had decreased expression in the tumor samples compared to their matched normal tissues. These six genes are PARK2, DLG2, NBEA, CTNNA3, DMD, and FHIT. PARK2 and FHIT are located within the two most frequently expressed CFSs and both have been demonstrated to function as tumor suppressors, while the other large genes are found to have frequent alterations in multiple cancers. Validation experiments using real time PCR indicated that over 60% of OPSCC tumors showed decreased expression for all six genes. Both HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative OPSCCs had similar proportions with loss of expression of these genes. Our results suggest that this selected group of large genes might serve as potential tumor suppressors involved in the development of OPSCCs. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the decreased expression observed is due to genomic instability within the CFS regions or the selection for alterations of specific large CFS genes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A tunable fluorescent timer method for imaging spatial‐temporal protein dynamics using light‐driven photoconvertible protein
Authors: Zhu Xinxin , Zhang Luyuan , Kao Ya‐Ting , Xu Fang , Min Wei
Published: January 2014

Cellular function is largely determined by protein behaviors occurring in both space and time. While regular fluorescent proteins can only report spatial locations of the target inside cells, fluorescent timers have emerged as an invaluable tool for revealing coupled spatial‐temporal protein dynamics. Existing fluorescent timers are all based on chemical maturation. Herein we propose a light‐driven timer concept that could report relative protein ages at specific sub‐cellular locations, by weakly but chronically illuminating photoconvertible fluorescent proteins inside cells. This new method exploits light, instead of oxygen, as the driving force. Therefore its timing speed is optically tunable by adjusting the photoconverting laser intensity. We characterized this light‐driven timer method both in vitro and in vivo and applied it to image spatiotemporal distributions of several proteins with different lifetimes. This novel timer method thus offers a flexible “ruler” for studying temporal hierarchy of spatially ordered processes with exquisite spatial‐temporal resolution. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative suitability of CFDA‐SE and rhodamine 6G for in vivo assessment of leukocyte‐endothelium interactions
Authors: Jbeily Nayla , Claus Ralf A. , Dahlke Katja , Neugebauer Ute , Bauer Michael , Gonnert Falk A.
Published: January 2014

Intravital fluorescence microscopy (IVM) is a predestined tool for investigating the fate of leukocytes during the process of leukocyte recruitment. In the present study, the commonly used dye for this purpose, rhodamine 6G, and carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA‐SE) were compared for leukocytes labelling with respect to suitability for IVM studies. Their potential in labelling different leukocytes subpopulations as well as their fluorescence intensities were assessed by flow cytometry revealing distinct differences between both dyes. These differences had a profound impact on their application for in vivo imaging of leukocyte‐endothelium interactions. In summary, CFDA‐SE revealed superior in labelling leukocytes for in vivo microscopy with respect to image quality. In addition, we could show the efficiency of CFDA‐SE also under disease condition in an animal model of sepsis. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)