bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Regional Variations in Articular Cartilage Mechanics Affected by Osteoarthritis
Authors: Pang Xiangchao , Wang Juan , Ge Yongmei , Lin Zhaowei , Bin Tang
Published: November 2023

Due to its biofunction, the mechanics of articular cartilage (AC) is a vital index concerning the lesion of AC, and there are many studies on the relationship between the mechanics of AC and lesions of AC. It is expected that the variation of mechanics of AC can be used as an early diagnosis index of osteoarthritis (OA) or other lesions of AC. In clinical observation, the degradation of AC is region-specific, therefore, to further achieve this goal, the mechanics of AC under different stages of OA at different regions, i.e., medial distal femoral condyle, lateral distal femoral condyle, medial posterior femoral condyle, and lateral posterior femoral condyle, were systematically measured using the deep indentation technique in this study. The results demonstrated that the mechanics of AC in the four regions follow the same trend with the development of OA. Interestingly, the elastic modulus of AC at the stage of OA3 is the smallest among the last three stages of OA. The discovery of this inflection point at the stage of OA3 holds promise for improving our understanding and therapy for OA in the future. This study also highlights the need for future research to focus on the impact of location on the mechanics of AC.
Implementation of Evidence Based Medicine in dietetic practice: current status and hurdles in Italy
Authors: Carnaroli Licia , Martini Matteo , Taranto Mariateresa Di , Bilò M.Beatrice
Published: November 2023

Background
Health professionals, including dietitians, should adapt their clinical daily practice to Evidence Based Practice (EBP), but this does not happen often in daily practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the current status and barriers of EBP among dietitians.
Methods
This was a mixed-method, cross-sectional, national study (questionnaire and focus group) performed on working and registered dietitians, both self-employed and employed by public hospitals. The main outcomes were EBP knowledge, frequency of use, and proficiency scores. Barriers to EBP implementation were also collected, as well as qualitative information from the focus group.
Results
Forty-three dietitians were enrolled from August to November 2021 in Italy. Overall, EBP knowledge was moderate/good. Younger dietitians (< 50 years old) obtained better results than the older colleagues. A similar trend was observed in terms of seniority. It was shown a discrepancy between EBP knowledge and perception of EBP implementation: the worst scores were obtained by participants who claimed an already complete integration of EBP. Average frequency of EBP use was moderate, with higher scores in dietitians ≥ 50 years old and with seniority ≥ 20 years. EBP proficiency instead was poor. The focus group revealed lack of time and resistance to change as the main barriers.
Conclusion:
The importance of EBP is well-acknowledged, but it is not correctly implemented yet, because of identified barriers that need to be fixed. These barriers include lack of dedicated time, inadequate EBP training, and resistance to change, especially in hierarchical environments.
Bats, Bacteria and Bat Smell V.2.0: Repeatable Sex-specific Differences in Scent Organ Microbiota
Authors: Maraci Öncü , Antonatou-Papaioannou Anna , Jünemann Sebastian , Schneeberger Karin , Schulze Michael , Scheffler Ingo , Caspers Barbara A.
Published: November 2023

Background:Reproducibility is a fundamental principle in science, ensuring reliable and valid findings. However, replication studies are scarce, particularly in ecology, due to the emphasis on novelty for publication. We explored the possibility of replicating original findings in the field of microbial and chemical ecology by conducting a conceptual replication of a previous study analysing the sex-specific differences in the microbial communities inhabiting the wing sacs, a scent organ with crucial functions in olfactory communication, of greater sac-winged bat (Saccopteryx bilineata). In the original study, the skin swabs from the antebrachial wing sacs of the males and wing sac rudiments of the females were collected and analysed using culture-dependent methods to test sex-specific differences. The authors demonstrated that males have lower microbial richness and different microbial composition than females. Recent molecular techniques offer improved accuracy in pinpointing microbial members than culture-dependent methods because only a limited proportion of the symbiotic microbiota is cultivable. For this reason, we attempted to reproduce these findings using 16s rRNA sequencing and advanced statistical methods.Results:Our study corroborated the original study's findings: Males had a lower microbial richness, and the community composition differed between the sexes. Furthermore, in the current study, males had an increased abundance of bacteria that might potentially be involved in odour production and degradation of malodorous substances and antimicrobial production.Conclusions:Our conceptual replication study on the wing-sac microbiota ofS. bilineatavalidated the original findings, corroborating that microbes can play a role in shaping their host's olfactory phenotype and consequently influence sexual selection. Furthermore, the current study emphasises the importance of replication efforts and hopefully encourages a culture that values replication studies in scientific practice.
Retinal thickness and antidepressants
Authors: Lehrer Steven , Danias George , Danias John , Rheinstein Peter
Published: November 2023

Background
Depression is associated with synaptic pruning in the brain. Antidepressants reverse this process. Synaptic pruning can be inferred by measuring retinal thickness with ocular coherence tomography (OCT). With data from UK Biobank, we have done a cross-sectional study comparing retinal thickness in patients on antidepressants.
Methods
OCT measurements are from UK Biobank category 10016, retinal optical coherence tomography. OCT was performed with the TOPCON 3D OCT 1000 Mk2. Antidepressant medication record is from UK Biobank Data-Field 20003, medications. Information on prolonged depression is from Data-Field 20446, category depression, mental health, online follow up. Question asked: "Have you ever had a time in your life when you felt sad, blue, or depressed for two weeks or more in a row?" We computed mean macular thickness of four regions in each eye: macular thickness at the inner inferior subfield, macular thickness at the inner nasal subfield, macular thickness at the inner superior subfield, and macular thickness at the inner temporal subfield.
Results
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclics were associated with thinner retinas. The Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor SNRI venlafaxine does not affect retinal thickness. Subjects taking venlafaxine had retinal thickness that was not significantly different from subjects not taking antidepressants.
Conclusion
Patients are most likely to drop out of SSRI therapy due to decreased visual acuity. Our finding that SNRIs do not affect retinal thickness suggests that these dropout patients might do well on SNRIs.
A ferroptosis-related gene signature and immune infiltration for predicting the lymph node metastasis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shen Yi , Zheng Qiangqiang , Che Guowei , Chen Longqi
Published: November 2023

Background The lymph node metastasis of LUAD is a pivotal factor leading to late TNM staging and poor prognosis. Ferroptosis plays a key role in promoting cancer cell death and immunotherapy. However, the roles of FRGs in lymph node metastasis and immunity of LUAD remain unclear.
Methods LUAD patients obtained from TCGA database were divided into lymph node metastasis group and non-lymph node metastasis group, and differential analysis was performed to screen lymph node metastasis-related FRGs. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to construct a prediction model of FGRs. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and ROC curves were performed to verify the validity of model. The CIBERSOFT method was used to study the degree and prognostic value of immune cells in different groups.
Results The gene expression profiles of 301 LUAD samples without lymph node metastasis and 153 LUAD samples with lymph node metastasis obtained from the TCGA database were analyzed, 90 FRGs were obtained. Univariate analysis showed that 15 FRGs were significantly associated with OS in LUAD. Subsequently, we used multivariate Cox regression analysis to build a 9-FRGs model associated with LUAD survival, including CISD1, DDIT4, DECR1, IL33, PEBP1, PHKG2, PPP1R13L, SLC7A5 and VDAC2. The samples were divided into low-risk and high-risk subgroups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed better OS in the low-risk group. The ROC curve showed that this signature performed well in predicting OS. Finally, we systematically analyzed differences in immune infiltration profiles between high-risk and low-risk samples. We found that resting mast cells and resting memory CD4 T cells showed higher infiltration in low-risk group than in high-risk group, but M0 macrophages, activated mast cells and follicular helper T cells tended to infiltrate in high-risk group, and there were certain associations between above 5 TIICs with the risk scores and above 9 FGRs, and the high infiltration of activated mast cells was an adverse prognostic factor of LUAD.
Conclusion We constructed a novel 9-FRGs model that could serve as a potential therapeutic target for lymph node metastasis in LUAD. Targeting FRGs seems to be an alternative to clinical therapy for lymph node metastasis of LUAD.
Evidence of Brain Target Engagement in Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple Sclerosis by the Investigational Nanomedicine, CNM-Au8, in the REPAIR Phase 2 Clinical Trials
Authors: Ren Jimin , Dewey III Richard B. , Rynders Austin , Evan Jacob , Evan Jeremy , Ligozio Shelia , Ho Karen S. , Sguigna Peter V. , Glanzman Robert , Hotchkin Michael T. , Dewey Richard B. , Greenberg Benjamin M.
Published: November 2023

Background
Impaired brain energy metabolism has been observed in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). In both diseases, mitochondrial dysfunction and energetic impairment can lead to neuronal dysfunction and death. CNM-Au8® is a suspension of faceted, clean-surfaced gold nanocrystals that catalytically improves energetic metabolism in CNS cells, supporting neuroprotection and remyelination as demonstrated in multiple independent preclinical models. The objective of the Phase 2 REPAIR-MS and REPAIR-PD clinical trials was to investigate the effects of CNM-Au8, administered orally once daily for twelve or more weeks, on brain phosphorous-containing energy metabolite levels in participants with diagnoses of relapsing MS or idiopathic PD, respectively.
Results
Brain metabolites were measured using 7-Tesla 31P-MRS in two disease cohorts, 11 participants with stable relapsing MS and 13 participants with PD (n = 24 evaluable post-baseline scans). Compared to pre-treatment baseline, the mean NAD+/NADH ratio in the brain, a measure of energetic capacity, was significantly increased by 10.4% after 12 + weeks of treatment with CNM-Au8 (0.584 units, SD: 1.3; p = 0.037, paired t-test) in prespecified analyses of the combined treatment cohorts. Each disease cohort concordantly demonstrated increases in the NAD+/NADH ratio but did not reach significance individually (p = 0.11 and p = 0.14, PD and MS cohorts, respectively). Significant treatment effects were also observed for secondary and exploratory imaging outcomes, including β-ATP and phosphorylation potential across both cohorts.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate brain target engagement of CNM-Au8 as a direct modulator of brain energy metabolism, and support the further investigation of CNM-Au8 as a potential disease modifying drug for PD and MS.
Coitus induced Colpo Evisceration in a 3-Months Post Hysterectomy Patient. An Unusual Tale in Gynaecology
Authors: Ramírez Fernando Pérez , Almenares Urbanel , Byonanuwe Simon , Fajardo Yarine , Hakizimana Theoneste , Suárez Adolfo Luis Malcolm , Torres Llanelys de los Ángeles Guerra
Published: November 2023

Vaginal dehiscence after pelvic surgery is an extremely rare gynaecological emergency world over. Without a high index of suspicion, it can easily be missed with grave consequences. We present an extremely rare case of this post abdominal hysterectomy case for which if immediate suspicion and timely intervention were not ensured, the patient would have suffered serious morbidity and/or death.
Evaluation of the clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Iran via the guideline appraisal with AGREE II
Authors: Ahangar Reza Mohseni , Ebrahimi Pouyan , Pakdaman Kimia , Ghanei Mostafa , Ghazvini Ali
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Guidelines are systematically developed. They are compiled by analyzing the available knowledge, and the country's situation and conditions that will enable health service providers to make the most appropriate decision for patients in different situations. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical guidelines for diagnosing and treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Iran. Methods In this descriptive-analytical study, four experienced evaluators independently reviewed the AGREE II tool for Iran's NSCLC treatment and diagnosis guidelines, and at the end, for each of the items and in general, using the scaled domain score, we reviewed the quality and value of this guideline. "Highly recommended" refers to a standardized score of 50% in all areas. "Recommended with changes" refers to a standardized score of 50% in the overall assessment. Guideline that did not achieve a standardized score of 50% or more were designated as "not recommended." Results In the review of NSCLC diagnosis and treatment guidelines in Iran using the AGREE II tool, which revealed the following items related to the evaluated domains: In the scope and purpose, the standardized score is 70.8%, the stakeholder involvement is 75%, the rigor of development is 35.7%, the clarity of presentation is 83.3%, the applicability is 45.8%, and the editorial independence is 62.5%. Conclusions It takes considerable time and resources to develop, compile, and update quality guidelines. The development of guidelines in Iran has received much attention in recent years. According to this study, some changes should be made to the guideline for treating non-small cell lung cancer.
Modelling and Quantifying The Impact of Photobiomodulation (PBM) on Biological Processes Relevant to Lymphangiogenesis, Anti-Inflammation, and Tissue Regeneration processes
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is a promising method for treating lymphoedema. It has proven effects on lymphangiogenesis and tissue repair. The effects however remain hard to quantify and the dose needed for effective treatment remains unknown.
OBJECTIVES: to perform a meta-analysis of data from studies measuring PBM effect on biological tissues compared to placebo, and to quantify the biological changes identified in tissues commonly involved in the disease process of lymphoedema.
METHODS: We systematically reviewed studies (PBM vs. Placebo), performed feature scaling to normalize values, obtained PBM parameters and modelled the relationship between effect size and time of therapy. We quantified the effect of PBM on multiple molecular processes such as cellular ROS production, intracellular NO production, and intracellular ATP. We used Bayesian linear regression modelling and used a feedforward neural network to model the effect of PBM.
RESULTS: Some 209 individual measurements were included from 8 large comparison studies. When standardised, the effect of applying PBM therapy follows a multiphasic pattern. PBM has an average enhancement capability of 176.7% (standard error of mean – SE: 9.6%). There is a significant correlation between timing of PBM application and effect measured (p < .001). Regression analysis using ANOVA statistics shows significant correlation between time and degree effect (p < .001). fNN construction was achievable with 7 hidden layers and 37 nodes, resulting in a validation MSE of 1.23 and an R2 of 0.081.
CONCLUSION: PBM effect can be quantified with a high level of repeatability. Better standardised treatment protocols are achievable.
Economic Policy Uncertaity and Exchange Market Pressure: Panel Evidence
Authors: Gilal Muhammad Akram , Nizamani Abdul Rehman , Khushik Ali Gul
Published: November 2023

Controlling for macroeconomic indicators and trade openness, this study examined the impact of economic policy uncertainty on exchange market pressure for a panel of 25 countries from 2003Q2 to 2021Q3. The pooled mean group estimator, which allows for variation in short-run estimates and error variances but constrains long-run parameters to be the same, was employed to conduct the analysis. The overall panel was further split into developed, developing, and emerging economies panels to check if there was variation in the effect of economic policy uncertainty. The results indicate the presence of long-run relationships among the variables for all panels. Economic policy uncertainty has a significant positive effect on the exchange market pressure of the overall panel and panel of developed, developing, and emerging economies. However, there is variation in the effect of economic policy uncertainty. It has a larger effect on the exchange market pressure of developed and emerging economies than on their developed counterparts. Other variables relevant in explaining exchange market pressure are gross domestic product for the overall panel and consumer price index, domestic credit, gross domestic product, real exchange rate, and trade openness for developing and emerging economies.
A Preclinical Model of Obesity-Independent Metabolic Syndrome for Studying the Effects of Novel Antidiabetic Therapy Beyond Glycemic Control
Authors: Mochel Jonathan P , Ward Jessica L. , Blondel Thomas , Kundu Debosmita , Merodio Maria M. , Zemirline Claudine , Guillot Emilie , Giebelhaus Ryland T. , Mata Paulina de la , Iennarella-Servantez Chelsea A. , Blong April , Nam Seo Lin , Harynuk James J. , Suchodolski Jan , Tvarijonaviciute Asta , Cerón José Joaquín , Bourgois-Mochel Agnes , Zannad Faiez , Sattar Naveed , Allenspach Karin
Published: November 2023

Accumulating data from several large, placebo-controlled studies suggests that sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1) receptor agonists offer therapeutic benefits in the management of cardiovascular diseases, regardless of the patient's diabetic status. In addition to their effects on glucose excretion, SGLT2-inhibitors have a positive impact on systemic metabolism by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, shifting metabolism towards ketone body production, and suppressing glycation end-product signaling. The aim of this study was to establish a non-invasive preclinical model of metabolic syndrome (MetS) to investigate the effects of novel antidiabetic therapies beyond glucose reduction, independent of obesity.
Eighteen healthy adult Beagle dogs were fed isocalorically a Western diet (WD) adjusted from parameters of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for ten weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline (BAS1) when dogs were fed their regular diet, and then again after ten weeks of WD feeding (BAS2) for measurement of blood count and serum chemistry, lipoprotein profiling, fasting blood glucose, glucagon, insulin, NT-proBNP, BUN, creatinine, angiotensins and oxidative stress biomarkers. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at BAS1 and BAS2 using Doppler. Serum, urine and fecal metabolomics were derived by mass spectrometry to assess general metabolism, complex lipids and biogenic amines. Differences between BAS1 and BAS2 were analyzed using non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank testing with continuity correction, as appropriate.
Body weight changes did not exceed 13% after ten weeks of feeding with the WD. The isocaloric WD model induced significant variations in several markers of MetS, including (1) elevated BP, (2) increased fasting glucose levels, and (3) reduced HDL-cholesterol. It also triggered a significant decrease in circulating insulin, as well as an increase in circulating NT-proBNP levels and a decrease in serum bicarbonate levels. Marked and significant changes in overall metabolism, lipids, and biogenic amines were finally reported at BAS2.
Short-term, isocaloric feeding with a WD in dogs replicates key biological features of MetS, while also causing low-grade metabolic acidosis and elevating natriuretic peptides. These findings support the use of the WD canine model for studying the metabolic effects of new antidiabetic therapies independent of obesity.
Charlotte Birnbaum, 1900–1981
Authors: Kelletat Andreas F.
Published: November 2023

Charlotte Birnbaum, geb. 1900 in Schirgiswalde (Lausitz), übersetzte seit 1942 etwa 50 Bücher aus dem Italienischen. In der Mehrzahl handelte es sich um Prosatexte renommierter Gegenwartsautoren. Verlegt wurden die Übersetzungen in Verlagen, die auf Höhenkammliteratur ausgerichtet waren: Claassen, Piper, Suhrkamp oder Volk & Welt.
Legal aspects, responsibilities and possibilities of providing emergency medical care by a district pediatrician at the patient’s home
Authors: Sakhno L. V. , Dubovaia E. G. , Koltuntceva I. V. , Emeljanova A. V. , Makarova E. Yu..
Published: November 2023

The authors raise an issue of job responsibilities of a district paediatrician in case of a home visit, as well as of the standards for packing first-aid kits and emergency medical care kits. The provisions of the applicable legal acts are provided. The proceedings of international conventions on primary medical care for children, current federal clinical guidelines, paediatric medical care standards and procedures, orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation were analysed. We paid attention to the experience of foreign countries, as well as the regions of the Russian Federation in providing emergency medical care to the paediatric population. A survey among local paediatricians was conducted: 30 district paediatricians (10 persons from each of three children’s outpatient departments in different districts of St. Petersburg) answered questions on the algorithm for activities during home visit if emergency care was required. The results of the survey and analysis of the applicable legal acts showed that the district paediatrician is responsible for the life and health of his/her patients. However, there is no single standard regulating the responsibilities to provide emergency care to the child by the district pediatrician during home visit, and the volume of this care has not been established. Urgent conditions require immediate medical care right when they are detected by a paediatrician on call, until an ambulance team arrives. In conclusion, the authors determined that the creation of unified algorithms for emergency medical care to be provided by a paediatrician on call encompasses a number of medical, ethical and legal aspects. The development of this document is certainly a necessity and requires a balanced, judicious approach.
Features of combined mucoactive therapy for bronchopulmonary diseases in children in outpatient practice
Authors: Melnikova I. M. , Mizernitskiy Yu. L.
Published: November 2023

In 2022, ARVI rates among the paediatric population were 72281.8 per 100,000, which is 6.2% higher than such rates in 2021 (68062.5 per 100,000; p < 0.05). Estimated influenza rates among the paediatric population were 165.8 per 100,000, which is 2.9 times higher than this rate in 2021. Impaired mucociliary clearance makes a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases. Slowing of mucociliary clearance that results from chronic mucus hyperproduction leads to airway obstruction and infection, which acts as a cause of aggravation of the disease. There’s no question, the choice of a drug that can affect the secretory function of the mucous membrane or the bronchial mucous itself and its evacuation requires an individual approach to each patient. The article presents a detailed review of modern literature, as well as the authors’ own experience about cough therapy methods, including those used in broncho-obstructive syndrome. At the same time, the use of combination drugs that have a simultaneous effect on various pathogenetic mechanisms of respiratory diseases are justified more than ever before. Due to synergistic interactions of its components, the modern combination therapy, including a fixed-dose combination of salbutamol, bromhexine, guaifenesin (Bromhekomb), contributes to the productive treatment of acute bronchopulmonary diseases and exacerbations of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases accompanied by cough, mucostasis and events of mild bronchial obstruction, as well as ensures high compliance, including due to consideration of the syrup dosage form, which is especially important in outpatient paediatric practice
Prevention of acute respiratory viral infections in children with chronic exudative otitis media in the postoperative period
Authors: Kuznetsova N. Е. , Veshkurtseva I. M. , Kuznetsova T. B.
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Chronic otitis media vis effusion (COME) is a disease characterized by the presence of exudate in the cavities of the middle ear and hearing loss. Predisposing factors to the development of COME can be recurrent upper respiratory tract infections.

Aim. To study the effectiveness of the drug Sinupret® in children who have undergone surgical treatment for COME

Materials and methods. A clinical study was conducted at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of TMU and GBUZ TO OKB No. 2 in 2020–2021. This study involved 30 children (15 boys and 15 girls) with HESO. The mean age of all patients was 6.33 ± 0.31 years. In the 1st group of children, consisting of 15 people (10 boys and 5 girls), Sinupret® was prescribed in the postoperative period, in the 2nd group of children, consisting of 15 people (5 boys and 10 girls), Sinupret® was not prescribed. Diagnosis of chronic POE was carried out on the basis of clinical and instrumental examination and integral indices of peripheral blood. Conservative treatment consisted of topical decongestant therapy and rifamycin 2.6% ear drops for a week. The observation period included 12 months.

Results. ARVI episodes during the year in group I were observed in 20%, in group II in 60% of children, the average duration of the disease in group I was 5 ± 0.71 days, in group II 7.8 ± 0.42 days (p = 0.01), stable hearing recovery in children of the 1st group was recorded in 100%. POE recurrence in children of group II was registered in 27% (4 people), which required repeated shunting to restore hearing.

Conclusions. Prophylactic use of the drug Sinupret® in children who have undergone surgical treatment for chronic OME allows you to achieve a stable restoration of hearing and contributes to complete recovery.
Modern adapted infant formulas: problem status and prospects for solving
Authors: Dmitriev A. V. , Gudkov R. A. , Petrova V. I. , Fedina N. V. , Zaplatnikov A. L.
Published: November 2023

According to the World Health Organization report, in 2019 47 million children under 5 were wasted, of which 14.3 million were severely wasted. In most cases, the main reason for nutritional deficiencies in the world is a child’s diet low in calories, dietary protein deficiency and inferiority, as well as inadequate intake of vitamins and minerals. The article presents a modern literature review devoted to the main problems in creating adapted formulas for infants who are deprived of the opportunity of getting breastfeeding. Among the most pressing problems are: difficulties in bringing the total protein concentration in the formula to the breast milk level while keeping an adequate amino acid profile, the high risk of animal milk protein allergies in infants, unfulfilled hopes for the preventive effect of partially hydrolysed formulas in relation to the development of allergic diseases, as well as the high prevalence of functional gastrointestinal diseases in children who are formula-fed. At the same time, it was emphasized that the use of goat’s milk as a protein base for basic infant formulas may in the future help solve some of the above problems. The protein component of goat’s milk compares favourably with cow’s milk, and the amino acid composition helps reduce protein concentration in the finished formula enriched with whey fraction to the recommended level. The article stresses that there is a need to continue studies on the effectiveness and safety of adapted goat’s milk formulas in infants to give definite answers to the questions posed.
Current opportunities for glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: the path to achieving a goal
Authors: Nikitina I. L. , Plaksina A. O.
Published: November 2023

Type 1 diabetes is a highly prevalent disorder worldwide and the commonest form of diabetes in children and adolescents. The incidence rates are steadily increasing, despite numerous efforts aimed at finding the possibility to detect and interrupt autoimmune inflammation in the pancreas at preclinical stages. Modern technologies make it possible to set metabolic control goals that are increasingly closer to physiological ones. The article presents recommendations regarding new technologies for glycaemic control and criteria for compensation of T1DM in children and adolescents in accordance with the updated guidelines of the International Society of Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents (ISPAD, 2022) and the Russian standards for self-monitoring of glycemia using an individual blood glucose meter associated with the use of continuous glucose monitoring technologies to assess the accuracy and/or calibration of monitoring data and address treatment adjustment issues. The possibilities and advantages of modern blood glucose meters are highlighted both in terms of accuracy of readings and functional expandability. Clinical cases demonstrating the importance of using blood glucose meters in decision-making by patients (adolescents) with type 1 diabetes who receive insulin pump therapy are presented. Excessive haste in decision-making by patients resulting in non-target results on glycaemic levels, which could have been avoided with timely measurement of blood glucose levels with a glucose meter was stressed. The great role of continuous education of children and adolescents with T1DM together with assessment and analysis of the significance of new and existing technologies for diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of this chronic disease is emphasized, so that the patients and their parents can fully and effectively use constantly emerging opportunities.
Abdominal pain syndrome in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: features of selection of therapy
Authors: Pakhomova I. G.
Published: November 2023

Irritable  bowel  syndrome  (IBS) is an important social problem, since  it is often  diagnosed in people  of young working age, significantly affects  the quality of life of patients and causes  economic  damage  to society. IBS is a chronic functional  bowel disease,  the  main  manifestation of which  is pain  combined  with  changes  in bowel  movements, frequency  and  character of stool. The mechanism  of formation of abdominal  pain syndrome is due to a disruption in the interaction along the brain-gut axis, which leads  to changes  in the  regulation of intestinal motor  function  and the  development of visceral  hypersensitivity (VH). Abdominal pain as a manifestation of IBS is primarily associated with spasm of intestinal smooth muscles. The first-line drugs  for pain  relief  are  antispasmodics, which reduce  the  tone  and  contractility  of intestinal smooth  muscles, effectively coping  with  abdominal  pain. The domestic  pharmaceutical market  is represented by different  groups  of muscle  relaxants, among  which  calcium  channel  blockers  are  of particular  relevance for patients with  IBS. Representative  of the  latter  is the drug Otilonium bromide, which is widely used throughout the world, is effective  and safe, well tolerated and superior  to placebo  in reducing symptoms  and preventing relapse  of pain in patients with IBS. The effectiveness of otilonium  bromide is due to a triple  mechanism  of action: blockade  of calcium channels (relief of spasm), antagonism of tachykinone  NK2 receptors  (effect  on HHV) and  inhibition  of acetylcholine muscarinic  receptors (M3-ChR) (reduction  of intestinal secretion). This article  presents a short  review  of the  literature on the  causes  and  mechanism  of development of pain  in IBS, as well  as the possibilities  of its relief, primarily with the use of smooth  muscle relaxants, namely otilonium  bromide.
Practical issues of using emollients for the prevention of exacerbations of atopic dermatitis during the flowering season: expert resolution
Authors: Fedenko E. S. , Zakharova I. N. , Zaytseva O. V. , Pampura A. N. , Tamrazova O. B.
Published: November 2023

In February 2023, a meeting of the Council of Experts was held, attended by leading specialists in the fields of allergology, pediatrics and dermatology. The Working Group discussed the problem of sensitization to pollen allergens in patients with atopic dermatitis and exacerbation of the disease during the pollination season of plants, as well as the formation of epicutaneous sensitization through a damaged epidermal barrier. The experts comprehensively considered the criteria that a modern emollient used for the care of atopic dermatitis patients’ skin should meet, discussed the role of moisturizers in preventing seasonal exacerbations of atopic dermatitis based on previously conducted research, and developed unified recommendations on the principles of managing this type of patients. Suggestions were made for further informational and organizational measures aimed at expanding the knowledge of patients and medical specialists about the problem of epicutaneous sensitization to aeroallergens in atopic dermatitis patients, their role in the development of seasonal exacerbations of atopic dermatitis, and the possibility of their prevention using modern emollients.
Modulation of microbiota as a target in the management of patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Livzan M. A. , Gaus O. V.
Published: November 2023

Irritable  bowel syndrome  (IBS) is one of the  most common  diseases  of the  digestive  tract. IBS negatively  affects  the  quality of life and work ability of patients. It is generally  accepted that  IBS is an important medical  and social problem  associated with high financial  costs  both  on the  part of the  patient  and the  public health  system. The pathophysiology of the  disease involves the participation of many factors (genetic, dietary, psychosocial, infectious) and the mechanisms of their implementation, including  disruption  of interaction along  the  functional  “gut-brain axis”, visceral  hypersensitivity,  changes  in motility, low-grade  inflammation, increased permeability of the epithelial intestinal barrier, modulation of microbiota, changes  in neurohumoral  regulation and  processes of central  processing  of peripheral stimuli. Research  shows  an important role  for gut microbiota  in the development of IBS. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota  through  diet, the use of pre- and probiotics  or fecal microbiota transplantation is considered as a promising target  for disease  therapy. A reduction  in the number of bacteria of the genus  Bifidobacterium is described  as a universal  change  in the microbiota  in IBS, regardless of the clinical course and severity of the disease  and the possibility of using different  strains of Bifidobacterium in treatment regimens  for the disease  is of particular  interest. This article  provides  a review of the literature on modern  approaches to prescribing  probiotics  for IBS. Using our own clinical observations as an example, we demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of prolonged administration of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium longum 35624®  for up to 12 weeks.
Paracetamol and ibuprofen in the treatment of pain and fever in children: modern views on the choice of a drug
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Berezhnaya I. V. , Pupykina V. V. , Gostyukhina A. D. , Dubovets N. F.
Published: November 2023

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen are commonly used to relieve fever and pain in children. Their effects are similar, but differ in strength and mechanisms of action on the body. Acetaminophen, a para-aminophenol derivative, has antipyretic and analgesic properties. Despite the fact that paracetamol has been officially used as a drug for more than 75 years, its mechanism of biological action has not been sufficiently studied. In paediatric practice, paracetamol is more often used as an antipyretic, but in recent years, with the development of technology and emergence of new dosage forms on the market, it came into common use as an analgesic in many diseases, including oncological, rheumatological, etc. Ibuprofen is the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with pronounced analgesic and antipyretic properties. Ibuprofen, a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), affects the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center via inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. In the paediatric population, the most common indications for the use of ibuprofen are fever, sore throat, ear pain, headache and toothache, post-traumatic and musculoskeletal pain, and inflammatory joint diseases. Paracetamol and ibuprofen are safe for use in paediatric practice, if dosing rules are observed, and are approved for use by the World Health Organization, FDA and other expert organizations. In addition, the emergence of new presentation forms of these drugs is most important in paediatrics.
La excepción de patentabilidad de las invenciones que atentan contra la vida: el caso de los medicamentos abortivos
Authors: Vargas-Chaves Iván , Guerrero-Veloza Juan Pablo , Varón-Vanegas César
Published: November 2023

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la situación de los medicamentos utilizados para inducir el aborto en Colombia, respecto a la prohibición de patentar los productos o procedimientos que atentan contra la vida de las personas. Para lograrlo, la metodología escogida es de corte descriptivo-analítico en aras de caracterizar los intereses jurídicos tutelados en tensión; apoyada en un enfoque interpretativo-sistemático, para aportar una visión propia sobre la pertinencia de mantener o no esta prohibición con los estándares constitucionales actuales. Como resultados, se desarrollad de un lado una crítica al panorama que genera esta laguna jurídica no resuelta, al otorgarle al examinador de patentes la libertad de acogerse, o no, a lo dispuesto por esta prohibición, y del otro, se propende por reconocer que la constitucionalización de la propiedad intelectual es una realidad en el ordenamiento colombiano.
Role of Medicinal Plants and Phytomedicine against COVID-19 Management
Authors: Saini Kunika , Sharma Smriti , Bhatia Vinayak
Published: November 2023

COVID-19 has taken the global population by surprise. All around the
globe, there have been combined efforts from scientists to find a cure for this disease.
Numerous alternative modes of medicine have also been explored for the same. In this
chapter, the authors have reviewed the role of medicinal plants and phytomedicine in
combating this disease. There is an urgent need to standardise the protocols for
conducting clinical experiments on herbal medication for COVID-19 to ensure
consistency and batch-to-batch efficacy. Also, literature regarding these studies needs
to be categorised and catalogued properly. The scientific community needs to draw
from the rich diversity of herbal and medicinal plants to meet this extraordinary
challenge. 
Protected Areas in Marine Ecosystem
Authors: Thabet Shams El-Din N.G. El-Din
Published: November 2023

Marine ecosystems encompass around 70% of the earth's surface and
contribute significantly to human well-being by giving social, economic, and
environmental advantages to the world's growing population. Marine ecosystems
provide a variety of different services that are crucial for human well-being, in addition
to being a major source of food, income, and employment. Coastal protection, marine
biodiversity, and carbon sequestration are among them. Human activities, on the other
hand, place diverse stresses on marine ecosystems, which are predicted to increase,
resulting in cumulative impacts on marine ecosystems and biodiversity. As a result,
significant efforts have been made around the world to create marine protected areas
(MPAs) in order to safeguard and preserve biodiversity, as well as natural and cultural
resources. They're usually made by designating zones and prescribing permissible and
prohibited activities within those zones. MPAs include the Open Ocean, coastal areas,
intertidal zones, and estuaries, among other habitats. The United Nations Convention
on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which established the worldwide framework for
marine governance in 1982, obligated all governments to protect and conserve the
marine environment. In 2000, MPAs covered 0.7% of the Ocean; since then, MPA
coverage has increased by more than tenfold to 7.68%. The MPA network will need to
be ecologically representative, equitably and efficiently maintained, and of particular
importance for ecosystem services in order to meet the aim.
Bioactive Compounds from Components of Marine Ecosystem
Authors: Ismail Mona M. , Elkomy Reham G. , El-Sheekh Mostafa M.
Published: November 2023

With the advent and rapid progress of the novel blue economy, the prospect of large-scale commercial production of diverse natural bioactive compounds from aquatic biota is likely to be realized in the near future. The biodiversity of the marine biota represents a potentially abundant source of new biomolecules with potentially different economical applications. Most of these biotas are able to survive under stress conditions, as a result, they produce complex metabolites with unique biological properties. These natural substances could be used as functional constituents in the food sector. Moreover, they could aid in the treatment of a broad range of different diseases, including antitumor, antioxidant, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial. The special properties of these compounds make them an attractive group deserving increasing scientific interest. It is interesting to note that there are some biomolecules exclusively found in marine biota, including phlorotannins and sulfated polysaccharides. This chapter explains the bioactive molecules from different marine biota as well as illustrates their chemical structure and highlights their new biologically active form.
Future Perspectives for Developing Marine Drug Discovery
Authors: Ibrahim Hassan A.H.
Published: November 2023

Many opportunities, from many marine secondary metabolites including
some of the most interesting candidate drugs, have to be used for development in
marine drug discovery in parallel to the updated technologies, procedures and
protocols. The hope and the net result, in such a manner, are related to the acceleration
and management of marine drug discovery as an integrated process from obtaining the
sampling until the launch of the drug. The recent protocols targeted gene sequencing
methods for identifying secondary metabolic pathways to be used in the biosynthesis of
marine natural products (MNP) discovered from marine isolates. Afterward, the
synthesis processes for replenishing inventories of compounds and analogs is a critical
step. Moreover, the cheminformatics and computer screening of MNP for protein
targets have been used to some extent. On the other hand, the collaboration allows
sharing of knowledge, tools, finances, and administrative processes, therefore
increasing the innovation potential of all parties, playing a greater role. Seriously, the
future prospects for developing marine drug discovery involve the collection of
relevant information and the evaluation of available opportunities to establish goals
through government initiatives and finally to invest and market the drug products from
marine origin. In the current chapter, the advanced approaches to marine drug
discovery will be explained. Furthermore, this chapter will present both collaboration
and innovation in marine drug discovery to increase the effectiveness of drug discovery
and advance the production process.
Physiological Response of Legumes to Combined Environmental Stress Factors
Authors: Adebara Ifedolapo O.
Published: November 2023

Legumes are considered the second most important source of food after
cereals, and their production can be affected by abiotic and biotic stresses. The
incidence of biotic and abiotic stress conditions resulting from climate change is
expected to increase in the future and may affect legume production drastically. Abiotic
stresses could result in escalated biotic stress occurrence. Although responses to abiotic
and biotic stress differ in most cases, combined abiotic and biotic stress responses
could be expressed in synergistic or opposing forms. In view of the impending
escalation in climate change, responses of legumes to stressful environments are
expected to vary among crops. However, collective information on combined biotic
and abiotic stress in legumes is not readily available. This paper seeks to gather
available information on the responses of legumes to biotic, abiotic, and combined
stress with a focus on physiological responses. This review will, therefore, help in
providing information and encourage further research into combined stress factors in
legumes
A rare case of an asymptomatic ovarian cystadenoma in a Labrador retriever
Authors: Antonov A. , Atanasov A. , Simeonov R.
Published: November 2023

In this report, a clinical case of asymptomatic ovarian cystadenoma in a six-year-old, female Labrador retriever is described. The owner reported that the dog had been presented for routine spaying two weeks earlier in another clinic. During the operation, the veterinarian discovered a unilateral mass at the tip of the left uterine horn, which he could not remove and ovariohysterectomy was not performed. The patient was then referred to the Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed the presence of a hypoechoic mass in the region of the left ovary (50.0 × 71.8 mm). Complete blood cell counts and biochemical laboratory analysis showed no abnormalities. Caudal midline celiotomy was performed and a substantially altered left ovary was observed. The right ovary and uterus had a normal size and structure. Macroscopic changes in the other abdominal organs were not found. The histopathological finding of the neoplastic formation was characteristic of an ovarian cystadenoma. At follow-up one month after surgery, the dog had fully recovered, and at re-examination six months after surgery, she appeared healthy and all clinical findings were normal.