bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Hysterical” Mechanisms and Bodies in Max Ernst’s Collages of the 1920s and 1930s
Authors:   Institute of History of Saint Petersburg State University, Martynova D.O. ,   Center of Social Sciences and Humanities of ITMO University
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of the hysterical discourse on Max Ernst’s artworks of the 1920s and 1930s. The main source material for his collages was medical illustrations, which he analyzed and subsequently “appropriated” for his own artworks. Given this, various aberrations occur: borrowed sources and their meanings are not always clear, which poses a problem in the study of the presented corpus of artworks. The relevance and scientific novelty of the study are as follows: the description and introduction of the collages of the 1920s and 1930s into scientific discourse would help to clarify the semantics of not only Ernst’s early, but also his later artworks. Analyzing the collages of the 1920s and 1930s, we can conclude that Ernst’s fascination with the visual component of the hysterical discourse allowed him to engage in psychotherapy and rejecting various dogmas. As a result, the hysterical discourse is the thread that runs through all of his creative works. It can be assumed that the “hysterical” mechanism developed by Ernst also influenced one of the “performances” of the 1938 International Surrealist Exhibition: the appearance of the Enigmarelle automaton, a descendant of Frankenstein, powered by electricity. The artistic study of hysteria was continued by Ernst’s companion Dorothea Tanning, who created a series of works featuring “women in wallpaper”, inspired by the Victorian novel about a hysteria patient The Yellow Wallpaper authored by Charlotte Perkins Gilman.
Dziga Vertov and Leni Riefenstahl: Representation of Reality in a Totalitarian Era
Authors:   State Institute for Art Studies, Goryachok K.L.
Published: February 2022

The article examines the aesthetics of Soviet documentary films and German non-fiction and experimental films. It appeared in the wide artistic context of the avant-garde of the 1920s and was radically reworked in the 1930s. The subject of the article is the concept of the documentary in a totalitarian culture and its purpose is to show the transformation of reality in the film art of the 1930s. The article analyses the stylistic and theoretical features of Dziga Vertov’s and Leni Riefenstahl’s documentaries. The novelty of the article lies in the author’s appeal to understudied films that embody the totalitarian aesthetics of the era of Stalinism and German Nazism. The author poses a question about the existence of obvious similarities and differences between Russian and German films, which is highly relevant in the light of ongoing scientific discussions about the influence of totalitarian regimes on creative processes. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that, despite the figurative and semantic similarity of individual episodes of the films by Vertov and Riefenstahl, and their common political pathos and interest in capturing images of leaders and their meetings with people on the screen, the directors had different attitudes towards the representation of political and social reality. In Three Songs about Lenin, Lullaby and Three Heroines, Vertov turns to folklore and epic genres, and creates an intertextual cinematic world that includes a wide range of meanings and topics that do not fit into the official Soviet canons. In Triumph of the Will and Olympia, Riefenstahl aestheticizes politics and depicts on the screen the official myth about the state and its citizen, which was inspired by the heroics of antiquity and Wagner’s operas adopted by the official ideology of fascism. Riefenstahl shot a fact with the aim of aestheticizing it, while Vertov gave it a new figurative meaning on the editing table. It is natural that the soviet director’s aesthetics could not coincide with the era: Vertov’s works did not appear on the screen, and he himself was forgotten. Riefenstahl, on the contrary, became the main cinematographer of Hitler’s Germany.
Sverdlovsk Artists at Post-War Art Exhibitions, 1946–1952
Authors:   Sverdlovsk Branch of the Union of Artists of Russia, Ainutdinov A.S.
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to studying various aspects of the exhibition process in the post-war Sverdlovsk. For the first time in the Ural art history, the art exhibitions that were held after the Great Patriotic War and had works by Sverdlovsk visual artists on display, are named, described, systematized, and classified in one research. The new data sources used in the research uncover the reasons behind the low levels of participation of Sverdlovsk painters, sculptors, and graphic artists in the All-Soviet and national exhibitions in 1946–1952. When performing the research task, the author achieves the main goal: generating new knowledge about the history of Sverdlovsk visual arts of the post-war period and gaining additional factual information on the Soviet art history of the 1940–1950s through the analysis of various sources. Of significant interest to art studies is a wider perspective on the creative activity of Sverdlovsk painters, sculptors, graphic and other artists analyzed against the background of the general organizational objectives of the Sverdlovsk branch of the Artists’ Union of the USSR and the socio-cultural life of the period, which determined the nature of relations between the authorities and the intelligentsia, and artistic connections between different regions of the USSR.
To the History of the Production of Musorgsky’s Opera Khovanshchina in Vittorio Gui’s Stage Version (La Scala, 1933)
Authors:   State Institute for Art Studies, Aleksandrova V.A.
Published: February 2022

The 1933 production of Khovanshchina at La Scala conducted by Vittorio Gui (1885–1975) was chronologically the second one on the Italian opera stage, the first being the 1926 premiere. In studying the Italian productions of Khovanshchina, the 1933 stage version is usually overshadowed by the premiere; however, the performance under V. Gui’s direction was not a remake, but an independent work of artistic expression. The period of seven years between the first and second Italian productions marked a significant shift in academic and artistic attitudes to studying and performing author’s versions of M.P. Mussorgsky’s legacy in the Soviet Union, as opposed to the creative arrangements by N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, which up to that time had been considered the standard versions. Thus, P.A. Lamm, with the support of B.V. Asafyev, initiated the publication of Mussorgsky’s Complete Works based on the composer’s autographs. The first volumes of this collection were published, including the piano-vocal score and the full score of the opera Boris Godunov and the piano-vocal score of the opera Khovanshchina. Additionally, there were several productions and concert performances of Boris Godunov based on sheet music as revised by Lamm. V. Gui was aware of the work carried out by Soviet scholars but did not have access to the manuscript of the orchestral score of Khovanshchina created by Asafyev. For this reason, he created his own stage version of the opera, having built it upon Rimsky-Korsakov’s score but changed its structure and, in individual fragments — the orchestration and the tonal plan.
Photography, Social Networking Sites, and Modern Rituals
Authors:   State Institute for Art Studies, Yurgeneva A.L.
Published: February 2022

Photography currently forms an integral part of communication on social networking sites and in messengers. Another topic that has become relevant is daily individual rituals, which are also associated with new media. Virtual communication, where messages can be addressed to a whole group of recipients at once, involves the establishment of new rituals or the transformation of the existing ones. In such communication, digital photo images are actively applied. In the present article, the author analyzes some modern practices of publishing photos on social networking sites and reveals their ritual functions. The study shows that photography on social networking sites is connected with the process of transformation of old rituals. The author highlights that photography on the Internet performs several basic ritual functions, namely the functions of socialization and integration, as well as the reproducing and psychotherapeutic functions. It has been found that such an important feature of a ritual as its stable and repeatable form, as applied to photography, is expressed in the development of canons of photographic images created and published for a particular purpose. Thus, the existing genres of visual arts (e.g. still life, Madonna and Child, etc.) are gaining newfound relevance, and so are the well-developed photography forms of mass media and popular science (e.g. personals, architectural and ethnographic photography, etc.). The result of the study is the conclusion that creation and publication of images on social networking sites contribute to the ritualization and aestheticization of everyday life and allow an average user to declare their existence in response to excessive images of media personalities in the visual space.
The Philosophy of Art of Early Friedrich Schlegel
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences, Bychkov V.V.
Published: February 2022

According to Friedrich Schlegel, theorist of German Romanticism, art is autonomous and idiosyncratic and is not subordinate to any utilitarian or mundane goals. Its essence is confined to manifestation of beauty and creation of visualized images that do not imitate the world’s visible forms but express certain essential foundations of human existence. F. Schlegel applies two art concepts: “expressive arts” that are based on the idealizing principle and “fine arts” that center around beauty, “depiction”, and spiritual fulfillment. Art is grounded upon the principles of diversity, unity, and integrity, and its main law is the internal consistency of a work of art with itself. Art combines fullness, harmony, beauty, and morality. Classical art created by a genius is always aesthetically relevant and symbolic and can never be fully understood. The supreme art is complete fullness, and an example of such is the art of Classical Greece. Schlegel often uses the terms of art and poetry as synonymous, viewing poetry specifically as the aesthetic quality of art. To Greek Classical art, he opposes contemporary Romantic art, which, in many ways, refrains from visible manifestation of the principle of beauty, knows no mythological roots, but is founded upon the laws of the characteristic, individual, interesting, disharmonious, contradictory, ironic, ingenious, and marvelous. Romantic art originates from Dante’s, Shakespeare’s, Cervantes’s, and Goethe’s “novels”. It is exactly Romantic art that F. Schlegel considered to be the future of aesthetic culture.
Genotype × environment interaction and adaptation of cowpea genotypes across six planting seasons
Authors: AJAYİ Abiola , GBADAMOSİ Alaba , OSEKİTA Oluwatoyin , TAİWO Babatunde , FAWIBE Ato Babawole , ADEDEJİ Iyanu , OMİSAKİN Temitope
Published: February 2022

Cowpea exhibits significantly inconsistent performances across different environments, and hence demands performance evaluation of genotypes prior release or cultivation in every breeding program. Hence, the goal of this study was to compare 16 cowpea genotypes over six planting seasons (2014-2019) in Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria for their stability and adaptation through Finlay and Wilkinson (FW), Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Genotype and Genotype × Environment (GGE) analyses. ANOVA revealed high significant genotype (15.33%), environment (14.71%) and GEI (64.34%) effects for seed yield among genotypes. All analyses were able to pinpoint stable high-yielding genotypes including G14 and G9. Genotypes G14, G3, G4, G5, G6 and G9 were high yielding and stable according to FW; AMMI showed G10, G9, G16, G14 and G13 stable high-yielding while GGE showed G14, G16, G9 and G13 as stable high-yielding. As analyses explored the variation in the data due to GEI, they also complemented one another, in that where one erroneously included a wrong genotype as stable; the other excluded such genotype, making recommendation possible on the basis of consistency to gain reliability.
Ignoring carbon emissions from thermokarst ponds results in overestimation of tundra net carbon uptake
Authors: Beckebanze Lutz , Rehder Zoé , Holl David , Wille Christian , Mirbach Charlotta , Kutzbach Lars
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Arctic permafrost landscapes have functioned as a global carbon sink for millennia. These landscapes are very heterogeneous, and the omnipresent water bodies within them act as a carbon source. Yet, few studies have focused on the impact of these water bodies on the landscape carbon budget. We deepen our understanding of carbon emissions from thermokarst ponds and constrain their impact by comparing carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from these ponds to fluxes from the surrounding tundra. We use eddy covariance measurements from a tower located at the border between a large pond and semi-terrestrial tundra. When we take the open-water areas of thermokarst ponds into account, our results show that the estimated summer carbon uptake of the polygonal tundra is 11 % lower. Further, the data show that open-water methane emissions are of a similar magnitude to polygonal tundra emissions. However, some parts of the pond's shoreline exhibit much higher emissions. This finding underlines the high spatial variability in methane emissions. We conclude that gas fluxes from thermokarst ponds can contribute significantly to the carbon budget of Arctic tundra landscapes. Consequently, changes in the water body distribution of tundra landscapes due to permafrost degradation may substantially impact the overall carbon budget of the Arctic.
Lower mantle geotherms, flux, and power from incorporating new experimental and theoretical constraints on heat transport properties in an inverse model
Authors: Hofmeister Anne M.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. An inverse method is devised to probe Earth's thermal
state without assuming its mineralogy. This constrains thermal conductivity
(κ) in the lower mantle (LM) by combining seismologic models of bulk
modulus (B) and pressure (P) vs. depth (z) with a new result, ∂ln(κ) / ∂P ∼ 7.33/BT, and available high temperature (T) data on
κ for lengths exceeding millimeters. Considering large samples accounts for
the recently revealed dependence of heat transport properties on
length scale. Applying separation of variables to seismologic ∂B/∂P vs. depth isolates changes with T. The resulting LM dT / dz depends
on ∂2B/∂P2 and ∂B/∂T, which
vary little among dense phases. Because seismic ∂B/∂P is
discontinuous and model dependent ∼ 200 km above the core,
unlike the LM, our results are extrapolated through this tiny layer (D′′).
Flux and power are calculated from dT / dz for cases of high (oxide) and low
(silicate) κ. Geotherm calculations are independent of κ,
and thus of LM mineralogy, but require specifying a reference temperature at
some depth: a wide range is considered. Limitations on deep melting are used
to ascertain which of our geotherm, flux, and power curves best represent
Earth's interior. Except for an oxide composition with miniscule ∂2B/∂P2, the LM heats the core, causing it to melt. Deep
heating is attributed to cyclical stresses from > 1000 km daily
and monthly fluctuations of the barycenter inside the LM.
A new digital elevation model of Antarctica derived from ICESat-2
Authors: Shen Xiaoyi , Ke Chang-Qing , Fan Yubin , Drolma Lhakpa
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Antarctic digital elevation models (DEMs) are essential for human fieldwork, ice motion tracking and the numerical modelling of ice sheet. In the past thirty years, several Antarctic DEMs derived from satellite data have been published. However, these DEMs either have coarse spatial resolutions or aggregate observation spanning over several years, which limit their further scientific applications. In this study, the new-generation satellite laser altimeter Ice, Cloud, And Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) is used to generate a new Antarctic DEM for both the ice sheet and ice shelves. Approximately 4.69 × 109 ICESat-2 measurement points from November 2018 to November 2019 are used to estimate surface elevations at resolutions of 500 m and 1 km based on a spatiotemporal fitting method. Approximately 74 % of Antarctica is observed, and the remaining observation gaps are interpolated using the ordinary kriging method. The DEM is formed from the estimated elevations in 500 m and 1 km grid cells, and is finally posted at the resolution of 500 m. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Operation IceBridge (OIB) airborne data are used to evaluate the generated Antarctic DEM (hereafter called the ICESat-2 DEM) in individual Antarctic regions and surface types. Overall, a median bias of 0.03 m and a root-mean-square deviation of 15.64 m result from approximately 5.2 × 106 OIB measurement points. The accuracy and uncertainty of the ICESat-2 DEM vary in relation to the surface slope and roughness, and more reliable estimates are found in the flat ice sheet interior. The ICESat-2 DEM is superior to previous DEMs derived from satellite altimeters for both spatial resolution and elevation accuracy and comparable to those derived from stereo-photogrammetry and interferometry. Similar results are found when comparing to elevation measurements from kinematic GNSS (GPS and the Russian GLONASS) transects. The elevations of high accuracy and ability of annual update make the ICESat-2 DEM an addition to the existing Antarctic DEM groups, and it can be further used for other scientific applications. The generated ICESat-2 DEM (including the map of uncertainty) can be downloaded from National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences at https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/en/disallow/9427069c-117e-4ff8-96e0-4b18eb7782cb/ (Shen et al., 2021, DOI: 10.11888/Geogra.tpdc.271448).
The COSMUS Expedition: Seafloor Images and acoustic bathymetric data from the PS124 expedition to the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Purser Autun , Hehemann Laura , Boehringer Lilian , Werner Ellen , Pineda-Metz Santiago E. A. , Vignes Lucie , Nordhausen Axel , Holtappels Moritz , Wenzhoefer Frank
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Between 3rd February and 30th March 2021 the research icebreaker RV Polarstern conducted an extensive multidisciplinary research expedition across the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica. During the Continental Shelf Multidisciplinary Flux Study (COSMUS) expedition (designated research expedition PS124) the Ocean Floor Observation and Bathymetry System (OFOBS) was deployed 20 times to collect high resolution seafloor image and acoustic data with a 26-megapixel resolution camera, HD (high definition) video camera, forward facing acoustic camera and multibeam side-scan system from heights of between 1.5 and 4.5 m above seafloor. To localise the collected data the OFOBS was equipped with a Posidonia transponder for ultra- short baseline position triangulation, an Inertial Navigation System (INS) and a seafloor tracking Dynamic Velocity Logger (DVL). The 20 deployments were made across contrasting areas of the Weddell Sea, Filchner Trough, Filchner Sill and Filchner Shelf. Here, we present the full image data set collected from across the various deployments, as well as raw side-scan data, and derived high resolution bathymetric maps produced from this acoustic data after the cruise. All images are available from: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.936205 (Purser et al., 2021b) and https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.932827 (Purser et al., 2021c). Acoustic data for all deployments is also available from PANGAEA, with the raw side scan data available at: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.939322 (Hehemann et al., 2021b), forward facing acoustic camera data at: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.939341 (Purser et al., 2021a). Seafloor topographic maps derived from the side scan data are available at: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.939087 (Hehemann et al., 2021a).
Temporally resolved coastal hypoxia forecasting and uncertainty assessment via Bayesian mechanistic modeling
Authors: Katin Alexey , Del Giudice Dario , Obenour Daniel R.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Low bottom water dissolved oxygen conditions (hypoxia) occur almost every summer in the northern Gulf of Mexico due to a combination of nutrient loadings and water column stratification. Several statistical and mechanistic models have been used to forecast the midsummer hypoxic area, based on spring nitrogen loading from major rivers. However, sub-seasonal forecasts are needed to fully characterize the dynamics of hypoxia over the summer season, which is important for informing fisheries and ecosystem management. Here, we present an approach to forecasting hypoxic conditions at a daily resolution through Bayesian mechanistic modeling that allows for rigorous uncertainty quantification. Within this framework, we develop and test different representations and projections of hydrometeorological model inputs. We find that May precipitation over the Mississippi River basin is a key predictor of summer discharge and loading that substantially improves forecast performance. Accounting for spring wind conditions also improves
forecast performance, though to a lesser extent. The proposed approach generates forecasts for two different sections of the Louisiana–Texas shelf (east and west), and it explains about 50 % of the variability in the total hypoxic area when tested against historical observations (1985–2016). Results also show how forecast uncertainties build over the summer season, with longer lead times from the nominal forecast release date of 1 June, due to increasing stochasticity in riverine and meteorological inputs. Consequently, the portion of overall forecast variance associated with uncertainties in data inputs increases from 26 % to 41 % from June–July to August–September, respectively. Overall, the study demonstrates a unique approach to assessing and reducing uncertainties in temporally resolved hypoxia forecasting.
Combined impacts of uncertainty in precipitation and air temperature on simulated mountain system recharge from an integrated hydrologic model
Authors: Schreiner-McGraw Adam P. , Ajami Hoori
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Mountainous regions act as the water towers of the world
by producing streamflow and groundwater recharge, a function that is
particularly important in semiarid regions. Quantifying rates of mountain
system recharge is difficult, and hydrologic models offer a method to
estimate recharge over large scales. These recharge estimates are prone to
uncertainty from various sources including model structure and parameters.
The quality of meteorological forcing datasets, particularly in mountainous
regions, is a large source of uncertainty that is often neglected in
groundwater investigations. In this contribution, we quantify the impact of
uncertainty in both precipitation and air temperature forcing datasets on
the simulated groundwater recharge in the mountainous watershed of the
Kaweah River in California, USA. We make use of the integrated surface water–groundwater model, ParFlow.CLM, and several gridded datasets commonly used
in hydrologic studies, downscaled NLDAS-2, PRISM, Daymet, Gridmet, and
TopoWx. Simulations indicate that, across all forcing datasets, mountain front recharge is an important component of the water budget in the
mountainous watershed, accounting for 9 %–72 % of the annual precipitation and ∼90 % of the total mountain system recharge to the
adjacent Central Valley aquifer. The uncertainty in gridded air temperature
or precipitation datasets, when assessed individually, results in similar
ranges of uncertainty in the simulated water budget. Variations in simulated
recharge to changes in precipitation (elasticities) and air temperature
(sensitivities) are larger than 1 % change in recharge per 1 % change in
precipitation or 1 ∘C change in temperature. The total volume of
snowmelt is the primary factor creating the high water budget sensitivity, and snowmelt volume is influenced by both precipitation and air temperature
forcings. The combined effect of uncertainty in air temperature and
precipitation on recharge is additive and results in uncertainty levels roughly equal to the sum of the individual uncertainties depending on the
hydroclimatic condition of the watershed. Mountain system recharge pathways
including mountain block recharge, mountain aquifer recharge, and mountain
front recharge are less sensitive to changes in air temperature than changes
in precipitation. Mountain front and mountain block recharge are more
sensitive to changes in precipitation than other recharge pathways. The
magnitude of uncertainty in the simulated water budget reflects the
importance of developing high-quality meteorological forcing datasets in mountainous regions.
SEEING AMONG FOLIAGE WITH LIDAR AND MACHINE LEARNING: TOWARDS A TRANSFERABLE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PIPELINE
Authors: Mazzacca G. , Grilli E. , Cirigliano G. P. , Remondino F. , Campana S.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Airborne LiDAR technology has become an essential tool in archaeology during the last two decades since it allows archaeologists to measure and map items or structures that would otherwise be hidden under vegetation. In order to detect and characterise the archaeological evidence, it is a common practice to extract accurate digital terrain models (DTM) by filtering out the vegetation from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) datasets. Although previous approaches have performed well in ALS filtration, they are still subject to several variables (flight height, forest cover, type of sensors utilised, etc.) and are frequently integrated into expensive commercial software or customised for specific locations. This study presents a workflow for treating ALS archaeological datasets using machine learning algorithms for both filtering the vegetation and detecting hidden structures. The workflow is applied to two different archaeological environments (in terms of structures, vegetation, landscape, point density), and results demonstrate that the pipeline is rapid and accurate, and the prediction model is transferable.
PROJECT INDIGO – DOCUMENT, DISSEMINATE & ANALYSE A GRAFFITI-SCAPE
Authors: Verhoeven G. , Wild B. , Schlegel J. , Wieser M. , Pfeifer N. , Wogrin S. , Eysn L. , Carloni M. , Koschiček-Krombholz B. , Molada-Tebar A. , Otepka-Schremmer J. , Ressl C. , Trognitz M. , Watzinger A.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Graffiti is a short-lived form of heritage balancing between tangible and intangible, offensive and pleasant. Graffiti makes people laugh, wonder, angry, think. These conflicting traits are all present along Vienna's Donaukanal (Eng. Danube Canal), a recreational hotspot – located in the city's heart – famous for its endless display of graffiti. The graffiti-focused heritage science project INDIGO aims to build the basis to systematically document, monitor, and analyse circa 13 km of Donaukanal graffiti in the next decade. The first part of this paper details INDIGO's goals and overarching methodological framework, simultaneously placing it into the broader landscape of graffiti research. The second part of the text concentrates on INDIGO's graffiti documentation activities. Given the project's aim to create a spatially, spectrally, and temporally accurate record of all possible mark-makings attached in (il)legal ways to the public urban surfaces of the Donaukanal, it seems appropriate to provide insights on the photographic plus image-based modelling activities that form the foundation of INDIGO's graffiti recording strategy. The text ends with some envisioned strategies to streamline image acquisition and process the anticipated hundreds of thousands of images.
What drives landslide risk: Disaggregating risk analyses, an example from the Franz Josef and Fox Glacier Valleys, New Zealand
Authors: de Vilder Saskia , Massey Chris , Lukovic Biljana , Taig Tony , Morgenstern Regine
Published: February 2022

Abstract. We present a quantitative risk analysis (QRA) case-study from the Franz Josef and Fox Glacier Valleys, on the West Coast of the South Island, New Zealand. The Glacier Valleys are important tourist destinations that are subject to landslide hazards. Both valleys contain actively retreating glaciers, experience high rainfall, and are proximal to the Alpine Fault, which is a major source of seismic hazard on the West Coast. We considered the life safety risk from rockfalls, soil/rock avalanches and flows that are either seismically triggered or occur aseismically. To determine the range in risk values, and dominant contributing variables on the risk, we modelled nine different risk scenarios where we incrementally changed the variables used in the risk model to account for the underlying uncertainty. The scenarios represent our central estimate of the risk, e.g. neither optimistic nor conservative, through to our upper estimate of the risk. We include in these estimates the impact of time-variable factors, such as a recently reactivated landslide has had on locally increasing risk and the time-elapsed since the last major earthquake on the nearby Alpine Fault. We disaggregated our risk results to determine the dominant drivers in landslide risk, which highlighted importance of considering dynamic time variable risk scenarios and the changing contributions to risk from aseismic versus seismic landslides. A detailed understanding of the drivers of landslide risk in each valley is important to determine the most efficient and appropriate risk management decisions.
Autism Employment Initiative in a Global Business Management Consultancy Firm: A Case Study
Authors: Friedfeld Kesselmayer Rachel , Ochrach Chase M. , Phillips Brian N. , Mpofu Ngonidzashe , Lee Beatrice , Chen Xiangli , Geslak David , Tansey Timothy N.
Published: February 2022

Youth and adults with autism are being recognized for their ability to contribute to the labor market. This recognition has led to a growing number of employer-driven initiatives to recruit and hire from among this population. This descriptive case study presents a company-driven collaboration between a global consultancy management firm and a private human services provider to implement effective disability-related employer practices to hire and retain an employee with autism. Perceptions of implementation, effectiveness, and outcomes were collected. Results suggest that the changes made to accommodate a worker with autism were perceived positively by employees and had the potential to increase company performance. Company characteristics and proactive modifications to the workplace were identified as keys to success. Positive impacts on company performance, employee perceptions of the company, and overall perspectives regarding disability were reported across different levels of the company. Recommendations for future implementation and replication are discussed. This case study implicates a potential model for companies to use when working to recruit and retain employees with autism. Rehabilitation counselors have an opportunity to help this growing number of motivated employers create effective initiatives that benefit both the company and the employee with autism.
Environmental Harm and Decriminalization of Traditional Slash-and-Burn Practice in Indonesia
Authors: Fajrini Rika
Published: February 2022

Traditional slash-and-burn as a way of clearing land for farming is allowed and exempted from being a criminal offense in Indonesia. However, this exemption should not be interpreted to mean that all traditional slash-and-burn practices are sustainable. Changes in habitat and sociocultural and economic conditions can render this once sustainable practice unsuitable in certain contexts and environments. This discussion on environmental harm from traditional slash-and-burn practices is not intended to call for a total ban of the practice nor does it suggest aggressive criminal law enforcement is required. This discussion is intended to clarify which practices we should protect and which ones should be addressed through various approaches to minimize harm. Such approaches should consider the local Indigenous communities as victims of ecological discrimination rather than perpetrators of environmental harm.
Prediction of Postradical Prostatectomy Urinary Incontinence Through the Combination of the Urethral Pressure Profile With Electromyography of the Urethral Sphincter
Authors: Talavera Jonathan Rodríguez , Martínez Begoña Ballesta , Perez Melania Santacruz , Pisaca Manuel Felipe Ravina , Díaz David Castro
Published: February 2022

Purpose: We tested the hypothesis that the urethral pressure profile, in combination with electromyography of the urethral sphincter, may be useful as a predictor of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy (RP). The aim of this study was to assess whether the combination of these tests resulted in an improved tool for the prediction of post-RP urinary incontinence.Methods: Patients with indications for RP were included. The urethral pressure profile, including prostatic and sphincter components for maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) and functional urethral length, was recorded in combination with needle electromyography of the urethral sphincter. The mean and maximum amplitude of waves were measured twice: 1 month before RP and 6 months after the procedure. The 1-hour pad test was conducted in parallel with other tests. Patients completed the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF). The relationship of the results of the tests with post-RP urinary incontinence was studied. Age, urodynamic parameters, pathologic stage, and surgical technique were recorded for analysis as potential confounding factors.Results: Nineteen patients were included within the 1-year study period. Their mean age was 63 years. According to the 1-hour pad test and ICIQ-SF, 42.1% of the sample had urinary incontinence after RP. Prostate MUCP with the mean and during-stress amplitude of waves predicted post-RP urinary incontinence with a sensitivity of 87.5% (P=0.002) in our model. Age, urodynamic parameters, pathological stage, and surgical technique were not related to incontinence after surgery.Conclusions: The combination of the urethral pressure profile (prostatic MUCP) and electromyography of the urethral sphincter might be a useful prognostic predictor of post-RP urinary incontinence.
Organo-Clay as Adsorbent for Removal of Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl from Water Samples; A Statistical Approach
Authors: Jasmin Shah Jasmin Shah , Muhammad Rasul Jan Muhammad Rasul Jan , Mian Muhammad Mian Muhammad , Behisht Ara and Changeez Ahmad Behisht Ara and Changeez Ahmad
Published: February 2022

In this study, fuller’s earth (FE) modified with sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid was used for adsorptive removal of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (FPE) herbicide from water samples and statistical validation of the experimental observations was accomplished. All the adsorption experiments were conducted in batch mode. The effect of pH, agitation time, adsorbent dose and initial herbicide concentration on adsorption process was studied. About 98.5% adsorption efficiency was achieved at initial analyte concentration of 1000 mg L-1 at pH 6 within 60 min at adsorbent dose of 0.1 g. The adsorption kinetics were studied and pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to follow the adsorption kinetics with R2=0.998. The isotherm studies show that the adsorption data fit well to the Freundlich isotherms. In statistical evaluation, the individual as well as the interaction effect of various factors on adsorption was investigated and it was found that concentration, pH and adsorbent dose are the significant factors with p values of 0.0001, 0.004 and 0.006 respectively, while contact time was found statistically insignificant having p value greater than 0.05. The coefficient of determination (R2=0.930) shows that % adsorption is highly dependent on the studied factors and their interactions. Under the optimized set of conditions, high absorption capacity of 200.22 mg g-1 was achieved.
Ultrasonic Powered Hydrothermal Modification of Coal Fly Ash to Cost-Effective Zeolites
Authors: Tabassum Hussain Tabassum Hussain , Abdullah Ijaz Hussain Abdullah Ijaz Hussain , Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha , Nosheen Aslam Nosheen Aslam , Tanveer Hussain Bokhari and Muhammad Asrar Tanveer Hussain Bokhari and Muhammad Asrar
Published: February 2022

Coal fly ash (CFA) waste is one of the anthropogenic materials having detrimental impact as particulate and leachate contaminant. Dumping of such solid waste into landfills and other improper waste management conduct can be lethal for environment. In this work CFA waste was attempted to modify into zeolites using ultrasonic assisted hydrothermal and conventional heating approaches. The conventional and ultrasonic assisted synthesized zeolites showed entirely different cation exchange capacity (CEC) and morphology. However, FTIR and XRD patterns of zeolites synthesized by both of techniques were almost similar. However, a better crystalline structure, functionality and morphology of Na-X, NaP1 and hydroxy sodalite (SOD) classes of zeolites synthesized in ultrasonic (USZ-8) and hydrothermal (HT-48) curing modes were observed. Hydrothermally treated (HT-8) material was found with a lower porosity and low CEC (109 meq/100g) in contrast to USZ-8 with high porosity and CEC (390 meq/100g) for the same reaction time. ICP-OES analysis demonstrated that ultrasonic cavitation was more appropriate way to convert coal fly ash based aluminosilicates into active zeolites, economically. It can be concluded reasonably that ultrasonic modification of coal fly ash into valuable zeolites is a constructive approach and a step to gear up greener innovation.
Preparation of Poly(aniline-co-phenol) and Study Its Properties and Its Polymerization Kinetics Using Two Methods: UV-Vis and HPLC
Authors: Juhaina Alghdir and Ahmad Falah Juhaina Alghdir and Ahmad Falah
Published: February 2022

The co-polymerization of polyaniline is one of the most important methods used to improve the electrical activity and thermal stability of polyaniline. Previously, electrochemical co-polymerization of phenol and aniline was performed on 304 stainless steel anodes. In this study, we present the co-polymerization of aniline and phenol chemically at laboratory temperature in an acidic medium with ammonium pyrosulfate as an oxidant. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of poly(aniline-co-phenol) sample shows a rough (non-smooth) surface with crystalline particles with microscopic diameters. We characterized the prepared polymer with DSC, DTA, and thermos gravimetric analysis (TGA). We found that the thermal decomposition of poly(aniline-co-phenol) was on six steps. The glass transition temperature of the co-polymer (Tg) was found at 863.89 and#176;C and the melting transition temperature was observed at 877.80 and#176;C. We studied the kinetics of Poly(aniline-co-phenol) using two methods: UV-Vis, HPLC. Then we determined the reaction order. It was found that the reaction was the zero-order reaction (n=0) in both previous two methods.
Bankaların Potansiyel Kripto Varlık Riskleri ve Basel Komitesi'nin İhtiyati Yaklaşımının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KARAARSLAN Emrah
Published: February 2022

Bitcoin önderliğindeki kripto varlıklar, Blockchain teknolojisi altında, 2009’dan beri kullanılmaktadır. Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde Bitcoin başta olmak üzere coinlere olan ilgi daha da artmıştır. Bankacılık sektörünün; kredi riski, operasyonel risk, piyasa riski gibi risklerine bağlı olarak meydana gelen problemler, artan küreselleşmenin de etkisiyle, dünya çapında krizlerin çıkmasına ve devam edenlerin derinleşmesine sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu krizlerin önlenmesi ya da etkisinin azaltılması adına Basel Komitesi çalışmalar yapmıştır. Global sistemdeki ağırlıkları henüz düşük olsa da kripto varlıkların ağırlıkları giderek artmaktadır. Basel Komitesi, ortaya çıkan kripto varlık riskini de değerlendirmeye sokmanın yerinde olacağını düşünmüş, istikrarın bozulması riskine ve bankaların potansiyel risk artışına bağlı olarak, 2021 Haziran ayında “Kripto Varlık Riskleri için İhtiyati Bir Yol Tasarlama” adlı raporunu yayınlamıştır. Bu makalede, Basel Komitesi’nin yapmış olduğu hazırlığı irdelemek ve Basel kriterleri çerçevesinde değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır; Basel kriterlerinin analizi yapılmış, Basel Komitesi’nin resmi raporları incelenmiş ve resmi görüşlere yer verilmiştir. Basel Komitesi’nin yapmış olduğu bu düzenleme ile, bankaların potansiyel kripto varlık riskine karşı daha hazırlıklı olması sağlanacaktır.
KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION – EARLY POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
Authors:   Clinic of Urology, UMHAT ", Mladenov Vladislav ,   Alexandrovska",   , Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria., Lilianov Ivan ,   Clinic of Urology, UMHAT "Alexandrovska", Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria., Botev Boris ,   Clinic of Urology, UMHAT "Alexandrovska", Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria., Hadjiiska Valeria ,   Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, UMHAT "Alexandrovska", Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria., Tonev Andrian ,   Clinic of Urology, UMHAT "Alexandrovska", Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Kidney transplantation is an established surgical method for the treatment of end-stage chronic renal failure with good long-term results. Despite the continuous progress and development of transplantology, a number of postoperative surgical and urological complications still occur today, which could compromise the success of this operative method. Purpose: All possible surgical and urological complications in the first 60 days after kidney transplantation were followed up. Materials and Methods: This study is based on a retrospective analysis of the disease history of 35 patients who underwent kidney transplantation at the Clinic of Urology at the UMHAT "Alexandrovska" for the period from 02.2018 to 12.2019. Results: Early postoperative complications were found in 46% of the observed transplant patients. Urological complications were found in 26% of them. Discussion: The incidence of urinary tract infections in transplanted patients was 26%. During the follow-up period, there were no cases of urinary retention, stricture of the ureter and urinoma in the group of patients. The incidence of surgical complications in the transplanted patients was 29%. The incidence of postoperative hematomas was 23%. Postoperative lymphocele was diagnosed in one patient, which shows a complication rate of 3% for this diagnosis. The incidence of surgical wound infection in transplanted patients during the follow-up period was 3%. Conclusions: Our results show that the frequency of the different early postoperative urological and surgical complications correspond to the literature data from other transplant centers. They show that the transplantation activities in the Clinic of Urology in UMHAT "Alexandrovska" correspond to the world standards.
PREVENTION OF THE RISK OF POSTOPERATIVE VENTRAL HERNIAS WITH OPEN SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS ON THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
Authors: Мадьяров В.М. , Турсунов Р.Б. , Мухаметова С.П. , Кусманов М.Е.
Published: February 2022

Предупреждение риска развития послеоперационных наружных грыж (ПНГ) живота является одной из актуальных проблем современной хирургии. ПНГ является серьезным поздним осложнением, которое встречается у 5-14 % прооперированных пациентов. Целью исследования было сформулировать наиболее важные меры для предотвращения возникновения вентральных грыж после лапаротомных оперативных вмешательств, а также прогнозирование возникновения или рецидива путем определения коллагена. В результате разработана концептуальная модель для улучшения профилактики ПНГ и ее рецидивов.

Prevention of the risk of developing postoperative external hernias (PEH) of the abdomen is one of the urgent problems of modern surgery. PEH is a serious late complication that occurs in 5-14% of operated patients. The aim of the study was to formulate the most important measures to prevent the occurrence of ventral hernias after laparotomy surgery, as well as to predict the occurrence or recurrence by determining collagen. As a result, a conceptual model has been developed to improve the prevention of PEH and its relapses.
STRESS AND PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC BRAIN DAMAGE IN THE FETUS AND NEWBORN (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Бережанская С.Б. , Созаева Д.И. , Каушанская Е.Я. , Кравченко Л.В. , Пузикова О.З.
Published: February 2022

Антенатальный период - короткий, но один из самых важных в жизни индивидума. Именно он является первым этапом существования человека, определяющим благополучие в последующем, которое зависит от экологической и социальной ситуации, состояния здоровья матери к моменту зачатия и на протяжении всей гестации. При их нарушениях развивающаяся ишемия плаценты сопровождается различными патогенетическими процессами, стимулирующими состояние хронического воспаления, активацию иммунных клеток, апоптоз трофобластов, присутствующих в децидуальной оболочке. Чрезмерная активация этих механизмов приводит к аномальной плацентации с нарушением инвазии, ремоделирования сосудов и микроциркуляции плаценты, что приводит к одному из самых сильных стрессов, лежащих в основе гипоксически-ишемического поражения головного мозга у плода и новорожденного.

The antenatal period is short, but one of the most important in the life of an individual. It is he who is the first stage of human existence, determining well-being in the future, which depends on the ecological and social situation, the state of health of the mother at the time of conception and throughout gestation. With their violations, the developing ischemia of the placenta is accompanied by various pathogenetic processes that stimulate the state of chronic inflammation, activation of immune cells, apoptosis of trophoblasts present in the decidua. Excessive activation of these mechanisms leads to abnormal placentation with impaired invasion, vascular remodeling and microcirculation of the placenta, which leads to one of the most severe stresses underlying hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in the fetus and newborn.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DIOCTAHEDRAL TWO-LAYER CLAY MINERALS
Authors:   Moscow State University, Samarin Eugene N.
Published: February 2022

The article shows that the variations in the chemical composition of kaolinite recorded during the analytical determination of individual oxides may be due to different reasons Among them, the following should be noted: isomorphic substitutions, crystal structure features and adsorption of amorphous oxides and hydroxides of silicon, aluminum, iron, manganese, titanium on individual clay crystallites. Additional uncertainty in the analysis results is introduced by the methods of preparation of individual samples. The characteristic of the chemical composition of individual minerals of the kaolinite group from deposits developed on the territory of Russia is given.