bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bereavement, the BAMT and the Cardiff Course
Authors: Bates Robin
Published: January 2016

There are two aspects to this essay, which uses the idea of bereavement processes to explore both the development of a bereavement policy in a special school and also the loss of the music therapy training course at the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama. Both sections of the essay are connected by the concept of the unspeakable. The first section follows a clinical case of a music therapy group during which the death of a group member was not acknowledged, while the second section looks at our professional organisation's difficulty in acknowledging the loss of a UK training course. Both aspects are discussed in terms of unspeakable elements which if left unexpressed can hinder a reparative process. The thinking about this leads on from the findings of two previous BJMT articles, both from Volume 24 (2010): ‘Organisational Anxiety, Envy and Defences: In and Out of the Music Therapy Room’, by Louise Neale (2010: 42–48) and ‘A Death in the Family’, by Rosanne Tyas (2010: 22–28).
What Does the Past Tell Us? A Content Analysis of the First Quarter-Century of the British Journal of Music Therapy
Authors: Tsiris Giorgos , Spiro Neta , Pavlicevic Mércèdes
Published: January 2016

Professional journals have a legitimating and sanctioning role in the development of disciplinary knowledge, as well as professional practices and identities. The British Journal of Music Therapy (BJMT) – the only UK-based peer-reviewed music therapy journal – has portrayed research, theory and accounts of practices, reflecting trends and developments in the field of music therapy since 1987. Marking the 25th anniversary of the BJMT and looking into its future development, a content analysis of the journal since its inception (1987–2011) was conducted with the aims of (i) tracing trends and developments of music therapy praxes and professional identities, and (ii) exploring the journal's engagement with disciplinary discourses and practices alongside and beyond those of music therapy. The study provides an overview of the BJMT in terms of 1) paper types, 2) authorship: numbers and professional titles, 3) countries of project sites and countries of authors, 4) sample conditions, sizes and ages, 5) formats of practices, and 6) models and themes. The results show that the majority of the articles published in the BJMT are theoretical, focus on one-to-one sessions, are single authored by music therapists and are UK-focused in terms of authorship, project site and models. This study brings to the fore questions for the future development of music therapy as profession and discipline.
MTUK: Collaboration for the Future
Authors: Maratos Anna
Published: January 2016

MTUK (Music Therapy United Kingdom) – a perspective. This article was first presented as a keynote speech at the inaugural conferences of the British Association of Music Therapy in February 2014. It presents ideas about historical divisions and different approaches, and how these might be broached and mended, informed by the author's own experience of practising and being supervised within different approaches. The paper traces some of the history of MTUK and suggests possible future developments.
Where Were You Born? A Music Therapy Case Study
Authors: Radoje Maria
Published: January 2016

This case study describes work with an 89-year-old woman of Jewish origin from the Czech/German border, with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's. It relates how we explored issues connected with memory, the Holocaust, loss and her arrival in England, aged 16. I will also describe how my own ethnic background and experiences informed the work and the role of the music as a way of expressing and affirming identity. I will be focusing mainly on sessions 1–17.
The Music Therapy Interactions of One Session with a Physically Disabled Boy
Authors: Steele Pamela , Leese Kate
Published: January 2016

This paper looks in detail at the events of one individual music therapy session with a physically disabled boy aged seven years. In the context of his case history and his music therapy sessions up to that point, it describes the content and quality of therapist/child musical contact as it changes over the three sections of the session. Musical notation illustrates key passages.

Aspects of the development of the physically disabled child are considered and related to the vision the child gives to the music therapist of his predicament. Musical events are conceived of as expressing and as having potential for resolving the child's difficulties in relating to a key figure, and to the environment they share.
Measurement Problems in Applied Music Therapy Research
Authors: Adams Malcolm
Published: January 2016

This paper concentrates on so-called ‘applied research’ — that is the primary interest is in evaluating the effects of music therapy on our clients. The discussion is not about research on theoretical issues and processes of music therapy — although clearly these are important — but is more concerned with the ‘naive’ question, ‘Does it work?’ The aim is to provide a brief, conceptual analysis of what we mean by this question and look at some of the problems that are encountered in trying to answer it.

In particular the focus is on some of the problems of measuring response to music therapy. This will be examined in the context of questions of experimental design, although clearly not all aspects of designing and interpreting experiments can be covered in one paper. Especial consideration will be given to how failure to solve some of the measurement problems can invalidate the conclusions drawn from experiments.
Stereotypic Movements and Music Therapy
Authors: Schulz Martin
Published: January 2016

Three main objectives are pursued with this study. The first is to summarise some current ideas about the origin and nature of stereotypic movements. The second is to present some music-therapeutic approaches to the phenomenon: different examples with a behaviouristic background are given; an educational approach is touched on; and Nordoff-Robbins' work is represented with a practical example. Thirdly, I discuss a case from my personal experience. My practical experience with stereotypies in music therapy was at the time of writing limited to one child. I am grateful to her for encouraging me to take some steps into a world that is, at first sight, quite bizarre and not very attractive, but one that holds some valuable possibilities for music therapeutic work.
Music Therapy in Victorian England
Authors: Davis William B.
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this article was to trace the growth and development of the Guild of St. Cecilia. This late nineteenth century organisation was founded by Frederick Kill Harford in London to provide music therapy to hospitalised patients. All information was derived from letters written by Harford and editorials that appeared in British medical and music periodicals. Initially, the Guild enjoyed great success and was endorsed by important people such as Florence Nightingale and Sir Richard Quain, physician to Queen Victoria. The Rev. Harford was astute in his observations that the effects of music must be tested to find the most beneficial ways for it to be used as therapy. He envisaged an association that would provide live and transmitted music via telephone to London's hospitals. Ultimately, due to the lack of support from the press, limited financial resources and Harford's ill health the organisation failed to prosper. Despite this, the Guild of St. Cecilia remains important because it kept alive the idea that music could be used therapeutically to benefit physically and mentally ill people.
A Case Study: Lara
Authors: Agrotou Anthi
Published: January 2016

This paper is an abbreviated version of a longer study concerning the first fourteen music therapy sessions with a ten-year old girl displaying autistic tendencies.

The reason for the girl's referral for music therapy — and the main area of work during the sessions — was to help her in her difficulties in initiating, responding and maintaining an interactional activity wherein she could communicate her needs and desires.

The paper discusses how the girl's own spontaneous organisation of sound into bursts and pauses — with a longer general cessation marking her time of non-engagement —facilitated the evolution of an interactional musical relationship with the therapist within which she spontaneously communicated her affective experiences.
Autistic Group Case Study
Authors: Bryan Alison
Published: January 2016

A relatively unknown view that autism may in some cases be of a psychogenic origin is outlined, and elements of it applied in a group case study of six autistic children. The nature of the group's music and its development during a five-month period is described and the music therapy setting examined as a situation in which such children began to overcome some of their difficulties.
Structural Analysis of Therapeutic Improvisatory Music
Authors: Lee Colin Andrew
Published: January 2016

The hypothesis concerning analysis of pre-composed music and its significance in providing awareness for ensuing clinical situations (Schmidt, 1984), reveals further complex issues with regard to improvised therapeutic music. The author will illustrate that much may be ascertained from analysing a passage of improvised music, in relation to future perceptual directions. The client's development within music therapy is not the main consideration; nonetheless, at certain locations it becomes pertinent, in validating comprehensively this analytical study, to draw upon subjective issues relating to musical process and therapeutic outcome. The design of this paper encompasses, in the main, abstractions relating to specific musical techniques, their affiliation with behavioural analysis, and the ensuing clinical implications of these aligned interpretations. An atonal comparative sectional analysis is to be subsequently studied in a future publication, looking more specifically at the relationship between tonality, atonality and the significance of these factors for the future research of therapeutic improvised situation.
The Question of Music Therapy with Mentally Handicapped Adults
Authors: Gale Christopher Parry
Published: January 2016

Recent emphasis on the ‘normalisation’ of adults with a mental handicap has called into question the provision of ‘segregated’ activities. Those things which are given the term ‘therapy’ are often seen as setting the mentally handicapped apart from the rest of the community. This article seeks to explore music therapy as something which may help any of us to relate more positively to others, and thus, with the mentally handicapped, contribute to their normalisation. The importance of allowing space for the response of the individual is emphasised, and accounts of therapy with two adults with a mental handicap are given.
Limitations and Potential: A Report on a Music Therapy Group for Clients Referred from a Counselling Service
Authors: Ansdell Gary
Published: January 2016

This article describes the inception and progress of an experimental music therapy group at the Marylebone Music Therapy Unit. Clients were referred from either the Counselling Service or the General Practice Unit, both also located in the crypt of St. Marylebone Church, London. The article describes my search for an appropriate structure for the group and the formation of some theoretical perspectives on improvisation with such clients. In conclusion is a section containing the clients' evaluations of their experience of the group over the period of one year. Since the author does not claim in any sense to be a pioneer in this field, (whilst still acknowledging the work of other colleagues), this article is written in an exploratory style; because with these clients in this particular context, for him, it was experimental.
Music Therapy in Education
Authors: Wilson Sandra
Published: January 2016

This paper discusses the connection between music and the cognitive processes. It refers to learning experiences for children with learning difficulties with special reference to observational and perceptual abilities, interactive processes and memory stimulation. In this context the paper discusses how music can influence and even precipitate awareness.

The paper also discusses the importance of a therapeutic learning environment and the influence of music as a sometimes essential aspect of this environment. It distinguishes between music education and music therapy and points out the relevance of music therapy as an established part of the curriculum in the appropriate setting.

The ideas set out here have been borne out by the writer's work at a treatment centre for children with multiple problems in Toronto, Canada. The primary classroom in this centre incorporates a daily ritual of music. It is at these times that the children's attention is centred.

Appendix A provides a summary of three clinical examples. Appendix B provides a list of the areas in an educational setting that would be enhanced by music therapy.
Autism and Music Therapy — Is Change Possible, and Why Music?
Authors: Brown Sandra M.K.
Published: January 2016

This article looks at the way we make sense of the world around us, and how autism can affect this. It goes on to consider the relationship of music to ourselves, and then, in the light of these issues, why music used therapeutically may have particular relevance for people with autism. This is illustrated in the final section by brief case studies of individual music therapy work with children with autism.
Why Provide Music Therapy in the Community for Adults with Mental Health Problems?
Authors: Odell-Miller Helen
Published: January 2016

This paper describes music therapy within a community mental health setting for adults using a care programme approach in England. It describes the setting, and emphasises the importance of multidisciplinary teamwork in order to enable music therapy to be effective. It provides some statistics and descriptive clinical information which demonstrate the efficacy of music therapy for adults with long-term mental health problems, and argues that music therapy should be apriority for this client group. To support these points of view, the article includes a case study showing a psychoanalytically informed approach in music therapy. This paper was given as a keynote address at the 1994 Australian Conference of Music Therapy.
‘Kinesis und Katharsis’
Authors: Mereni Anthony-Ekemezie
Published: January 2016

This paper falls into three broad sections, the first two being published in this issue, the third in the Autumn issue of the BJMT. The first section attempts, through a brief introduction to the African philosophy of music and musical instruments, to explore the reasons behind the therapeutic powers attributed to music. The second section, which opens with an introductory discussion of the traditional African causal theory of ailments, discusses the relevance of the different uses of music in almost all traditional medical interventions in African society. The last section is an attempt to draw up an evaluative paradigm of some traditional music therapeutic practices and techniques in the light of modern music therapy. Several traditional music therapy practices are mentioned, but, overall, the paper does not have an anthropological bias.

This paper is a partial report of current research into African traditional music therapy. The author's specific motive in undertaking such research is to present what is deemed valid and effective for consideration and/or integration in modern music therapy methodology and practice.
Going on record: Revisiting the logic of roll-call vote requests in the European Parliament
Authors: Thierse Stefan
Published: January 2016

While many contributions on legislative politics in the European Parliament rely on recorded votes, the motivations behind the decision to record a vote remain somewhat arcane. This article frames roll-call vote requests as a minority right which offers party groups an opportunity to shape the voting agenda and signal commitment to a policy proposal. The analysis adds to our understanding of legislative behavior by linking the committee stage to the plenary stage. Party groups which do not support a floor proposal drafted by the lead committee are found to be more likely to request a roll-call vote in plenary. The quantitative evidence is supplemented by interview data which shed light both on the actors’ motivations and the internal decision-making processes preceding the decision to go on record.
Public borders, private crossings: Anthropological approaches to neoliberalism in US educational policy and spaces
Authors: Convertino Christina , Brown Amy , Wilson Marguerite Anne Fillion
Published: January 2016

Educational policies across the globe reflect the ascendancy of neoliberalism. According to neoliberalism, the market represents a superior mechanism to govern ( Peters, 2012 ), and thus, the role of the state is to enable the agency of the market ( Rose, 1999 ). In the United States, the federal report A Nation at Risk (1983) formalized the direct influence of a neoliberal rationality on the formation of educational policies. No Child Left Behind (NCLB) (2001) and The Race to the Top (2010) represent successive assertions of market values on educational reform. At the same time, there is a fundamental contradiction within neoliberal logic: while the state is to refrain from interfering in the market, it must simultaneously intervene to govern schools ( Hursh, 2005 ). Based on these trends, the articles in this special issue highlight critical tensions between public versus private values, practices, and discourses that emerge from the proliferation of a neoliberal logic into the educational sphere. In different ways, each of these articles map out a unique facet of neoliberalism in education to complicate the often totalizing critiques of market-based logics in order to demonstrate the complex ways that people rearticulate and resist education policy in an era of neoliberal ascendancy.
Cell cycle of primitive hematopoietic progenitors decelerated in senescent mice is reactively accelerated after 2-Gy whole-body irradiation
Authors: Hirabayashi Yoko , Tsuboi Isao , Kuramoto Kazunao , Kusunoki Yoichiro , Inoue Tohru
Published: January 2016

Aging is considered to be a functional retardation of continuous xenobiotic responses over a lifetime after the developmental period; thus, the effects of ionizing radiation over a lifetime may be somewhat accounted for by a modifier of aging effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the possible/synergic effects of radiation during aging by determining cell-cycle parameters of hematopoietic stem cells/hematopoietic progenitor cells (HSCs/HPCs), such as the percent of cells in cycling, the generation doubling time, and the cumulative cycling-cell fraction, by bromodeoxyuridine-ultraviolet assay, which enables the determination of their cycling capacity in vivo. Colony-forming progenitor cells, such as colony-forming unit (CFU)-granulocyte/macrophage (GM), CFU in the spleen on day 9 (CFU-S9), and CFU-S on day 13 (CFU-S13) for mature, less mature, and immature HPCs, respectively, were evaluated in young and old mice (6 weeks and 21 months of age, respectively) with or without 2-Gy whole-body irradiation and a 4-week recovery period. Then, cell-cycle parameters were evaluated and compared. As a result, the generation doubling time of all types of HPC was prolonged by the irradiation in both young and old mouse groups, except that of CFU-S13 in old mice, which showed acceleration of the cell cycle following the irradiation. In addition, only CFU-S13 in irradiated old mice showed a significant increase in the cumulative cycling-cell-fraction ratio. Significant changes due to the effects of aging and irradiation on HPCs were observed only in the immature HPCs, i.e., the cell cycle of immature HPCs was suppressed by aging without irradiation and was, in contrast, accelerated as the cells recovered from radiation-induced damage. This suggests that the mechanisms of peripheral blood recovery after 2-Gy whole-body irradiation are markedly different between young and old mice, although 21-month-old mice showed almost the same level of recovery as the young mice.
Preparation and evaluation of reduction-responsive nano-micelles for miriplatin delivery
Authors: Zhang Ying , Hu Dejian , Han Shangcong , Yan Guowen , Ma Chao , Wei Chen , Yu Miao , Li Dongmei , Sun Yong
Published: January 2016

A reduction-responsive amphiphilic core-shell micelle for miriplatin delivery was prepared and evaluated. A pyrene-terminated poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate) was synthesized through reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization with 4-cyano-4-(ethylthiocarbonothioylthio) pentanoic acid as reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer reagent and further modified by 2,2′-dithiodiethanol and 1-pyrenebutyric acid. Self-assembled blank micelles and drug-loaded micelles were obtained by dialysis method, and the particle size was proved to be about 40 nm with narrow dispersity by dynamic laser light scattering. Morphology results showed that blank micelles and drug-loaded micelles were spherical nanoparticles confirmed by transmission electron microscope, and the critical micelle concentration was as low as 6.09 µg/mL via pyrene fluorescence probe method. The reductive sensitivity of disulfide bond in BMs was further verified by changes in particle size, pyrene fluorescence intensity ratio (I338/I333), and morphology after treatment by dithiothreitol. Moreover, drug release rate in vitro of drug-loaded micelles was evaluated and the results suggested that this amphiphilic pyrene-modified poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate) can be used as reduction-triggered controlled release drug delivery carrier for hydrophobic drug.
Low-Dose Radiation Induces Cell Proliferation in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts but not in Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Liang Xinyue , Gu Junlian , Yu Dehai , Wang Guanjun , Zhou Lei , Zhang Xiaoying , Zhao Yuguang , Chen Xiao , Zheng Shirong , Liu Qiang , Cai Lu , Cui Jiuwei , Li Wei
Published: January 2016

Hormesis and adaptive responses are 2 important biological effects of low-dose ionizing radiation (LDR). In normal tissue, LDR induces hormesis as evinced by increased cell proliferation; however, whether LDR also increases tumor cell proliferation needs to be investigated. In this study, cell proliferation was assayed by total cell numbers and the Cell Counting Kit 8 assay. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3′ -kinase(PI3K)-Akt (PI3K/AKT) phosphorylation were determined by Western blot analysis. Human embryonic lung fibroblast 2BS and lung cancer NCI-H446 cell lines were irradiated with LDR at different doses (20-100 mGy). In response to 20 to 75 mGy X-rays, cell proliferation was significantly increased in 2BS but not in NCI-H446 cells. In 2BS cells, LDR at 20 to 75 mGy also stimulated phosphorylation of MAPK/ERK pathway proteins including ERK, MEK, and Raf and of the PI3K/AKT pathway protein AKT. To test whether ERK1/2 and AKT pathway activation was involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation in 2BS cells, the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways were inhibited using their specific inhibitors, U0126 and LY294002. U0126 decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and LY294002 decreased the phosphorylation of AKT; each could significantly inhibit LDR-induced 2BS cell proliferation. However, LDR did not stimulate these kinases, and kinase inhibitors also did not affect cell proliferation in the NCI-H446 cells. These results suggest that LDR stimulates cell proliferation via the activation of both MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in 2BS but not in NCI-H446 cells. This finding implies the potential for applying LDR to protect normal tissues from radiotherapy without diminishing the efficacy of tumor therapy.
Care-limiting decisions in acute stroke and association with survival: analyses of UK national quality register data
Authors: Parry-Jones Adrian R , Paley Lizz , Bray Benjamin D , Hoffman Alex M , James Martin , Cloud Geoffrey C , Tyrrell Pippa J , Rudd Anthony G ,   on behalf of the SSNAP Collaborative Group
Published: January 2016

Background

Prognosis after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is poor and care-limiting decisions may worsen outcomes.

Aims

To determine whether in current UK stroke practice, key acute care decisions are associated with stroke subtype (ICH/ischemic) and whether these decisions are independently associated with survival.

Methods

We extracted data describing all stroke patients included in a UK quality register between 1 April 2013 and 31 March 2014. Key care decisions in our analyses were transfer to higher level care on admission and palliation in the first 72 h. We used multivariable regression models to test for associations between stroke subtype (ICH/ischemic), key care decisions, and survival.

Results

A total of 65,818 patients were included in the final analysis. After ICH ( n = 7020/65,818, 10.7%), 10.5% were palliated on the day of admission and 19.3% by 72 h (vs. 0.7% and 3.3% for ischemic stroke). Although a greater proportion were admitted directly to higher level care after ICH (3.7% vs. 1.5% for ischemic stroke), ICH was not independently associated with the decision to admit to higher level care (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.12, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.95–1.31, p = 0.183). However, ICH was strongly associated with the decision to commence palliative care on the day of admission (OR: 7.27, 95%CI: 6.31–8.37, p < 0.001). Palliative care was independently associated with risk of death by 30 days regardless of stroke subtype.

Conclusions

When compared to ischemic stroke, patients with ICH are much more likely to commence palliative care during the first 72 h of their care, independent of level of consciousness, age, and premorbid health.
Comparative impact of implementing the 2013 or 2014 cholesterol guideline on vascular events in a quality improvement network
Authors: Egan Brent M. , Sutherland Susan E. , Childers William F. , Dahlheimer Ruthanne M. , Helmrich George A. , Lapeyrolerie Daryl A. , Markle Nancy , Murphy Dennis W. , Simmons Locke , Davis Robert A. , Tilkemeier Peter , Sinopoli Angelo
Published: January 2016

Objectives:

The Quality and Care Model Committee for a clinically integrated network requested a comparative analysis on the projected cardiovascular benefits of implementing either the 2013 and 2014 cholesterol guideline in a South Carolina patient population. A secondary request was to assess the relative risk of the two guidelines based on the literature.

Methods:

Electronic health data were obtained on 1,580,860 adults aged 21–80 years who had had one or more visits from January 2013 to June 2015; 566,688 had data to calculate 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD10) risk. Adults with end-stage renal disease ( n = 7852), congestive heart failure ( n = 19,818), alcohol or drug abuse ( n = 68,547), or currently on statins ( n = 154,964) were excluded leaving 315,508 for analysis. Estimated reduction in ASCVD10 assumed that: (a) moderate-intensity statins lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 35% and high-intensity statins by 50%; (b) ASCVD events declined 22% for each 1 mmol/l fall in LDL-C.

Results:

Among the 315,508 adults in the analysis, 131,289 (41.6%) were eligible for statins according to the 2013 guideline and 137,375 (43.5%) to the 2014 guideline. The 2013 and 2014 guidelines were estimated to prevent 6780 and 5915 ASCVD events over 10 years with: (a) relative risk reductions of 29.0% and 21.8%; (b) absolute risk reductions of 5.2% and 4.3%; (c) number needed-to-treat (NNT) of 19 and 23, respectively. The greater projected cardiovascular protection with the 2013 guideline was largely related to greater use of high-dose statins, which carry a greater risk for adverse events. The literature indicates that the NNT for benefit with high-intensity versus moderate-intensity statins is 31 in high-risk patients with a number needed-to-harm of 47.

Conclusions:

The 2013 guideline is projected to prevent more clinical ASCVD events and with lower NNTs than the 2014 guideline, yet both have substantial benefit. The 2013 guideline is also expected to generate more adverse events, but the risk-benefit profile appears favor .
Targeting dormant micrometastases: rationale, evidence to date and clinical implications
Authors: Hurst Robert E. , Bastian Anja , Bailey-Downs Lora , Ihnat Michael A.
Published: January 2016

In spite of decades of research, cancer survival has increased only modestly. This is because most research is based on models of primary tumors. Slow recognition has begun that disseminated, dormant cancer cells (micrometastatic cells) that are generally resistant to chemotherapy are the culprits in recurrence, and until these are targeted effectively we can expect only slow progress in increasing overall survival from cancer. This paper reviews efforts to understand the mechanisms by which cancer cells can become dormant, and thereby identify potential targets and drugs either on the market or in clinical trials that purport to prevent metastasis. This review targets the most recent literature because several excellent reviews have covered the literature from more than two years ago. The paper also describes recent work in the authors’ laboratories to develop a screening-based approach that does not require understanding of mechanisms of action or the molecular target. Success of this approach shows that targeting micrometastatic cells is definitely feasible.
What’s Up With “Step Up”? Step Up and Be Counted
Authors: Bergren Martha Dewey , Maughan Erin D. , Wolfe Linda C. , Patrick Kathleen , Watts H. Estelle S. , Pontius Deborah J. , Johnson Kathleen H. , Cole Marjorie , Gerdes Jessica , Mendonca Linda L.
Published: January 2016

The health and well-being of children who attend school is not collected in any national data sets. To effectively advocate for the health needs of children where they live, learn, and play, it is essential to build a National Uniform School Nurse Data Set. In 2014, school nurses nationwide were invited to join the Step Up and Be Counted! initiative. To prepare nurses for data collection and reporting, an informational website was established, a marketing campaign was launched, and a data collection tool was developed. Trainings were held at the national conferences of both the National Association of School Nurses and the National Association of State School Nurse Consultants, and locally by state school nurse consultants and champions. The goal of the 2014–2015 academic year was to establish the processes for such a large-scale effort. In Year 1, only three initial data sets were collected from participating school nurses from 37 states. The first year yielded much data, and challenges have been identified and addressed.
High Prevalence of Superior Labral Tears Diagnosed by MRI in Middle-Aged Patients With Asymptomatic Shoulders
Authors: Schwartzberg Randy , Reuss Bryan L. , Burkhart Bradd G. , Butterfield Matt , Wu James Y. , McLean Kevin W.
Published: January 2016

Background:

The incidence of superior labral surgery has increased in the past decade in the United States, and a contributing factor could be an increased rate of superior labral tears diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Prior MRI studies of the asymptomatic shoulder have focused on rotator cuff pathology or pathology in a narrow and specific group of athletes. Labral abnormalities have not previously been thoroughly evaluated in asymptomatic middle-aged individuals.

Purpose:

To evaluate the prevalence of superior labral tears diagnosed by MRI in the asymptomatic shoulders of middle-aged people (age range, 45-60 years).

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 53 asymptomatic adults (age range, 45-60 years) with no history of surgery or injury to either shoulder were included in the study. Physical examinations of all shoulders were performed. Noncontrast MRI (1.5 T) was performed in 1 randomly determined shoulder of each subject. Two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists who were blinded to the purpose of the study and ages of the subjects evaluated each MRI.

Results:

Radiologists interpreted the MRIs as consistent with superior labral tears in 55% and 72% of the cohort. Comparison of the radiological evaluations of the superior labra were moderate (κ = 0.410, P = .033). There were no differences in readings for superior labral tear regarding age ( P = .87), sex ( P = .41), whether the dominant shoulder underwent MRI ( P = .99), whether the subject worked a physical job ( P = .08), or whether the subject participated in overhead sports for a period of 1 year ( P = .62).

Conclusion:

Superior labral tears are diagnosed with high frequency using MRI in 45- to 60-year-old individuals with asymptomatic shoulders. These shoulder MRI findings in middle-aged populations emphasize the need for supporting clinical judgment when making treatment decisions for this patient population.

Clinical Relevance:

To avoid overtreatment, physicians should realize that superior labral tears diagnosed by MRI in individuals between the ages of 45 and 60 years may be normal age-related findings.
Racial Remittances
Authors: Zamora Sylvia
Published: January 2016

Recent research has examined how racial ideologies vary across national contexts, but relatively few scholars have investigated how ideologies might be transmitted across national boundaries. The author examines how antiblack racial ideologies in the United States are circulated back to the immigrant-sending community via social ties held between U.S. immigrants and non-migrants, who have never left their home societies. Drawing on 75 in-depth interviews with Mexicans in Mexico and the United States, the author shows how immigrant perceptions of black Americans are relayed back to nonmigrants as racial remittances—the movement of racial discourses and stereotypes across national borders. Whereas recent scholarship has documented immigrants’ preference to maintain social distance from black Americans, the author’s findings challenge assumptions that these attitudes are merely a product of the U.S. assimilation process or a reflection of Latin American antiblack racism. Rather, this research suggests that these two processes interact and have consequences pertaining to how immigrants relate to black Americans upon migration to the United States. The article ends with a discussion of the findings’ implications for how new immigrants are navigating the evolving U.S. racial order.
Adrian Hastings Remembered
Authors: Ward Kevin
Published: January 2016

Adrian Hastings, Emeritus Professorof Theology, University of Leeds. Catholic priest, church historian, missiologist, theologian, campaigner for justice. Born June 23, 1929; died May 30, 2001, aged 71.
Harold W. Turner Remembered
Authors: Hitchen John M.
Published: January 2016

Harold W. Turner, Presbyterian minister, missionary scholar, inaugurator of university departments of religious studies, founder of the Centre for New Religious Movements. Born January 13, 1911; died May 5, 2002, age 91.
Evangelization from the Inside: Reflections from a Prison Cell
Authors: Arias Mortimer
Published: January 2016

The military coup in Bolivia on July 17, 1980 initiated a bloody and repressive situation in that country. It brought about the arrest and imprisonment in late August of former Methodist Bishop Mortimer Arias in Cochabamba, Bolivia—along with many other Protestant and Roman Catholic leaders, as well as countless lesser-known individuals. After thirty-seven days—during which time little was known by his family, friends, and church of his whereabouts and condition—Dr. Arias was suddenly released by the Bolivian authorities on condition that he leave the country immediately.

Born in Uruguay, Mortimer Arias served as bishop of the Evangelical Methodist Church in Bolivia, and as executive secretary of the Council of Methodist Churches in Latin America, with offices in La Paz, Bolivia. Widely respected for his leadership in the ecumenical movement, Dr. Arias gave a memorable plenary address at the Fifth Assembly of the World Council of Churches (Nairobi, 1975) in which he called for a renewed recognition of evangelism as “an essential priority.” Renewal of the church, he said on that occasion, “does not come before mission but in mission.” He has served on previous occasions as visiting professor of evangelism both at Bostom University School of Theology and at Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas. In January 1981 Dr. Arias was appointed Professor of Mission and Evangelism at the School of Theology in Claremont, California. Upon his arrival in the United States, the International Bulletin invited Dr. Arias to share with our readers an account of his experience while in prison.
Urban Evangelization: A Lausanne Strategy since 1980
Authors: Bakke Raymond J.
Published: January 2016

In June 1980 the Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization (LCWE) held the Consultation on World Evangelization (COWE) in Pattaya, Thailand. COWE was structured around a score of mini-consultations, one of which was the Mini-Consultation on Reaching Large Cities, chaired by Raymond J. Bakke. Participants in this mini-consultation prepared for the Pattaya gathering by compiling data, research materials, and models pertaining to urban ministry in many of the world's largest cities. At Pattaya this material was evaluated, biblical reflections were shared, a report was drafted under the title Christian Witness to Large Cities (Lausanne Occasional Paper #9), and a follow-up program was proposed. Dr. Bakke was appointed a Lausanne Associate, with the assignment of coordinating and servicing an extensive program of consultations on urban ministry around the world. In the following article, Bakke describes the nature and extent of this program. Of special interest is his emphasis on a process approach (rather than a “how-to” approach), and his effort to deal with the sometimes dubious role of the “outsider” mission specialist.
How Mennonites Repositioned a Traditional Mission
Authors: Green Stanley W.
Published: January 2016

The largest denomination of Mennonites, with the longest history in North America, is known as the Mennonite Church. Around the turn of the century the denomination established a sending agency, the Mennonite Board of Missions (MBM). Today approximately 80 career missionaries of this board and more than 30 tentmaker missionaries are serving in 27 countries around the world. The denomination has seminaries in Elkhart, Indiana, and Harrisonburg, Virginia, each with a strong missions program. U.S. address: Mennonite Board of Missions, Box 370, Elkhart, IN 46515.
Synthesis and dephosphorylation of MARCKS in the late stages of megakaryocyte maturation drive proplatelet formation
Authors: Machlus Kellie R. , Wu Stephen K. , Stumpo Deborah J. , Soussou Thomas S. , Paul David S. , Campbell Robert A. , Kalwa Hermann , Michel Thomas , Bergmeier Wolfgang , Weyrich Andrew S. , Blackshear Perry J. , Hartwig John H. , Italiano Joseph E.
Published: January 2016

Key Points

Proteomic analyses and polysome profiling of developing MKs identified a striking increase in the levels of a novel protein, MARCKS, during proplatelet formation. MARCKS deletion, inhibition, or phosphorylation inhibits proplatelet formation associated with activation of the actin-binding protein Arp2/3.
Optimization of a hybrid tower for onshore wind turbines by Building Information Modeling and prefabrication techniques
Authors: Alvarez-Anton Laura , Koob Manuel , Diaz Joaquin , Minnert Jens
Published: January 2016

Background

Nowadays wind energy is becoming increasingly significant in the planning, development and growth of new electricity supply systems. Special attention has been given to land-based turbines for ensuring the efficient economical operation of massive hubs rising 100m above the ground, based on the idea that the bigger the turbine, the more complicated are the transportation and assembly processes.

Methods

A new design of a wind turbine has several advantages compared to conventional designs; one of these advantages lies in the use of prefabricated elements, which increases efficiency. The implementation of information technology as a complement to prefabrication techniques is a further aim of this research, which seeks to improve the overall performance of the project. Consequently, Building Information Modelling is suggested as the most suitable methodology for complementing off-site techniques and reaching higher efficiency by improving design, manufacture, transportation and assembly processes.

Results

This paper will present the research project “hybrid² tower for wind turbines” funded by the State of Hesse, Germany, which focuses on a new, efficient and economical design for high wind turbine towers. The new hybrid² tower is composed of a concrete tower containing prefabricated concrete quarter-circle elements, steel beams and a steel tube tower on the top. The combination of concrete and steel beams improves the static and dynamic performance of the main supporting structure. With this new design, the weight of the concrete tower is estimated to decrease by 40 % compared to a traditional full-concrete tower and, as a positive consequence, the cost of assembly (including assembly on site) is reduced.

Conclusions

Due to the energy revolution, a special focus is put on the development of renewable energies, especially wind power. The steadily increasing hub heights of wind turbines means that tower structures have to be more massive. The development of the hybrid² tower by using Building Information Modeling and prefabrication techniques leads to an optimized performance and reduces transport and assembly costs.
Suppression of Experimental Arthritis and Associated Bone Loss by a Tissue-Selective Estrogen Complex
Authors: Andersson Annica , Bernardi Angelina I. , Nurkkala-Karlsson Merja , Stubelius Alexandra , Grahnemo Louise , Ohlsson Claes , Carlsten Hans , Islander Ulrika
Published: January 2016

In addition to the systemic inflammation present in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), decreased estradiol levels in postmenopausal RA patients further accelerate bone loss in these patients. The tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC), an estrogen combined with a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is a new hormone replacement therapy option. The first approved TSEC, containing conjugated estrogens and bazedoxifene (BZA), reduces menopausal symptoms and prevents osteoporosis with an improved safety profile compared with conventional hormone replacement therapy. Previous studies have shown that estrogens strongly inhibit experimental arthritis whereas BZA is mildly suppressive. In this study the antiarthritic potential of combined BZA and estradiol is explored for the first time. Female ovariectomized DBA/1 mice were subjected to collagen-induced arthritis, an experimental postmenopausal RA model, and treated with BZA, 17β-estradiol (E2), combined BZA and E2 (BZA/E2), or vehicle. BZA/E2 suppressed arthritis severity and frequency, synovitis, and joint destruction, equally efficient as E2 alone. Unwanted estrogenic proliferative effects on the endometrium were blocked by the addition of BZA, determined by collecting uterine weights. Bone mineral density was measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and all treatments protected collagen-induced arthritis mice from both trabecular and cortical bone loss. Moreover, BZA/E2, but not E2 alone, inhibited preosteoclast formation and reduced serum anticollagen type II antibodies. In conclusion, a TSEC, herein combined BZA/E2, suppresses experimental arthritis and prevents associated bone loss as efficiently as E2 alone but with minimal uterine effects, highlighting the need for clinical trials that evaluate the addition of a TSEC to conventional postmenopausal RA treatment.
SNaPP: Simplified Nanoproteomics Platform for Reproducible Global Proteomic Analysis of Nanogram Protein Quantities
Authors: Huang Eric L. , Piehowski Paul D. , Orton Daniel J. , Moore Ronald J. , Qian Wei-Jun , Casey Cameron P. , Sun Xiaofei , Dey Sudhansu K. , Burnum-Johnson Kristin E. , Smith Richard D.
Published: January 2016

Global proteomic analyses of complex protein samples in nanogram quantities require a fastidious approach to achieve in-depth protein coverage and quantitative reproducibility. Biological samples are often severely mass limited and can preclude the application of more robust bulk sample processing workflows. In this study, we present a system that minimizes sample handling by using online immobilized trypsin digestion and solid phase extraction to create a simple, sensitive, robust, and reproducible platform for the analysis of nanogram-size proteomic samples. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our simplified nanoproteomics platform, we used the system to analyze preimplantation blastocysts collected on day 4 of pregnancy by flushing the uterine horns with saline. For each of our three sample groups, blastocysts were pooled from three mice resulting in 22, 22, and 25 blastocysts, respectively. The resulting proteomic data provide novel insight into mouse blastocyst protein expression on day 4 of normal pregnancy because we characterized 348 proteins that were identified in at least two sample groups, including 59 enzymes and blastocyst specific proteins (eg, zona pellucida proteins). This technology represents an important advance in which future studies could perform global proteomic analyses of blastocysts obtained from an individual mouse, thereby enabling researchers to investigate interindividual variation as well as increase the statistical power without increasing animal numbers. This approach is also easily adaptable to other mass-limited sample types.
Mothers and Marimbas in “The Bight”: Bishop’s Danse Macabre
Authors: Leviston Frances
Published: January 2016

The impact of Elizabeth Bishop’s maternal loss on the symbolic order of her poems is well-established, but the ways in which Bishop draws on literary tradition in exploring that loss have received less attention. This essay offers a close reading of “The Bight” that demonstrates how the poem unites the key elements of danse macabre—skeletal imagery, musical procession, grisly humor—with apprehensions of the absent mother, an approach founded upon but aesthetically distinct from original symboliste works such as Baudelaire’s Les Fleurs du mal, or the work of American symbolists such as Wallace Stevens. The essay argues that, in contrast to the imitative earlier poems “Florida” and “Current Dreams,” “The Bight” constitutes an intimate, modern reinvigoration of the danse macabre tradition, representative of both a post-Freudian sensibility alert to psychological submergence and repression, and of Bishop’s characteristically subtle deployment of symbolic planes in her apparently realist work.
Animals of War
Authors: Kittler Friedrich
Published: January 2016

The paper provides a brief outline of the way in which the history of war redraws the boundaries between humans, animals (wild and domesticated), and machines.