bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHYSICAL ADSORPTION STUDIES IN CARBON BLACK TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Polley M. H. , Schaeffer W. D. , Smith W. R.
Published: May 2006

The adsorption isotherms of n-butane and butene-1 on typical furnace and channel carbon blacks were determined over a range of temperatures, 55°–250 °C. The adsorption of n-butane on carbon black surfaces is attributed to physical adsorption; however, the extent of surface covered per unit area of carbon black is considerably greater at a given temperature than for a silica. Butene-1 is also physically adsorbed on the furnace blacks. The presence of approximately 3% chemisorbed oxygen on the surface of the channel blacks induces an isomerization of butene-1 to cis-butene-2. When oxygen is first chemisorbed on a furnace black surface, then that surface also interacts with butene-1. Those blacks which participate in the isomerization of butene-1 respond or "interact" in a cyclic heat treated Butyl rubber – carbon black masterbatch.
THE OXIDATION OF 3-(N-BENZYLACETAMIDO)-1,2-PROPANEDIOL TO N-BENZYLACETAMIDOACETALDEHYDE AND RING CLOSURE OF THE LATTER TO ISOQUINOLINEL
Authors: Frank Arlen W. , Purves C. B.
Published: May 2006

Fischer's synthesis of isoquinoline by the oxidative cyclization of benzylaminoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal with 20% oleum was found to give a yield of 8.5%, but his isolation of the intermediate aldehyde could not be repeated. The N-acetyl derivative, N-benzylacetamidoacetaldehyde, however, was synthesized as a somewhat unstable oil, b.p. 129–131° (0.12 mm.), and was cyclized in 7.5% yield to isoquinoline. This synthesis involved the hydrogenation of 3-benzylideneamino-1,2-propanediol to 3-benzylamino-1,2-propanediol, b.p. 152-155° (0.5 mm.); hydrochloride, m.p. 92–94.5°. The N-acetyl derivative, 3-(N-benzylacetamido)-1,2-propanediol, b.p. 188° (0.12 mm.), was then oxidized with sodium metaperiodate; the behavior of other intermediates in the synthesis toward periodate, and also lead tetraacetate, was studied. The following additional compounds were thought to be new: 3-veratrylideneamino-1,2-propanediol, m.p. 123–125°; 3-veratrylamino-1,2-propanediol, b.p. 207–214° (0.4 mm.); the hydrochloride, m.p. 151–152°; 3-(N-benzylacetamido)-1,2-diacetoxypropane, b.p. 196–199° (0.7 mm.), and N-benzylacetamidoacetaldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, m.p. 315–316°.
THE PHOTOLYSIS OF ACETONE IN THE PRESENCE OF HYDROGEN BROMIDE
Authors: Ridge M. J. , Steacie E. W. R.
Published: May 2006

The presence of hydrogen bromide during the photolysis of acetone sharply inhibits the yields of carbon monoxide, ethane, and volatile methyl radical derivatives as measured by the function (CH4 + 2C2H6). The observed effects can be explained on the assumption that both acetyl and methyl radicals react rapidly with HBr.
ORGANIC DEUTERIUM COMPOUNDS: XIII. THE MECHANISM OF THE NEF EACTION SYNTHESIS OF ETHANAL-1-d
Authors: Leitch Leonard C.
Published: May 2006

The mechanism of the Nef reaction was investigated with nitroethane-1,1-d2. The isolation of 95 mole % ethanal-1-d in 70% yield renders a mechanism proposed by Mahler untenable, but supports others submitted by van Tamelen and Thiede and by Nametkin.
UNIT CELL, SPACE GROUP, AND INDEXED X-RAY DIFFRACTION POWDER DATA FOR THE C15 LUPINE ALKALOIDS, l-THERMOPSINE (C15H20N2O), dl-LUPANINE (C15H24N2O), AND d-HYDROXYLUPANINE (C15H24N2O2)
Authors: Barnes W. H. , Donaldson D. M. , Phillips D. C.
Published: May 2006

not available
ORGANIC FLUORINE COMPOUNDS: I. AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF HEXAFLUOROACETONE
Authors: Morse A. T. , Ayscough P. B. , Leitch L. C.
Published: May 2006

The synthesis of hexafluoroacetone reported recently by Brice, Lazerte, Hals, and Pearlson has been improved in several particulars. Teflon was depolymerized to tetrafluoroethylene which was then dimerized to give a 50% yield of perfluoroisobutene in one step. Oxidation of the latter at 35–40 °C. with aqueous potassium permanganate gave a 75% yield of hexafluoroacetone hydrate. The vapor pressure of hexafluoroacetone was measured between −60 ° and −28 °C.
THE PURIFICATION OF SEDOHEPTULOSE
Authors: Ujejski L. , Waygood E. R.
Published: May 2006

Methods involving paper and cellulose column chromatography are described for the purification of sedoheptulose phosphate from the mother liquor obtained from Sedum spectabile by the procedure of LaForge and Hudson. The beginnings of crystallization with subrectangular arrangement of rod-like longulites of free sedoheptulose have been obtained by chromatographic separation in phenol from an equilibrium mixture of sedoheptulosan and sedoheptulose prepared by treating the former with 3 N hydrochloric acid at room temperature. A spraying reagent for carbohydrates containing ketose units is described.
THE HYDROLYSIS OF PHOSPHATE DIESTERS WITH BARIUM HYDROXIDE
Authors: Helleiner C. W. , Butler G. C.
Published: May 2006

The rate of alkaline hydrolysis of diphenyl phosphate has been found to be increased by the presence of barium. Similarly, desoxyribonucleate (DNA), which is not hydrolyzed rapidly by hot sodium hydroxide, is hydrolyzed by barium hydroxide. Only a very small proportion of the total phosphorus of either diphenyl phosphate or DNA is converted to inorganic phosphate during this hydrolysis. In addition to hydrolysis of the phosphate ester bonds of DNA, hot alkali also causes the deamination of desoxycytidylic acid residues and probably of the amino-purine nucleotides as well.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OFD-XYLOFURANOSE-5-PHOSPHATE
Authors: Barnwell J. L. , Saunders W. A. , Watson R. W.
Published: May 2006

Phosphorylation of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-D-xylose with diphenylphosphoro-chloridate yielded crystalline 1,2-O-isopropylidene-D-xylofuranose-5-diphenyl-phosphate. Subsequent hydrogenolysis in glacial acetic acid over Adams' catalyst quantitatively removed phenyl groups as shown by infrared analysis. Mild hydrolysis in acetic acid for two hours at 80 °C. removed the isopropylidene grouping, and D-xylose-5-phosphate was isolated as an amorphous barium salt. A yield of 81% of theoretical was obtained from 1,2-O-isopropylidene-D-xylose, or an over-all yield of 72% from xylose. The product was characterized through its amorphous barium, disodium, and dipotassium salts, and its crystalline dibrucine and distrychnine salts.
THE DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT
Authors: Sirianni A. F. , Puddington I. E.
Published: May 2006

The molecular weights of organic compounds of known constitution have been determined with satisfactory accuracy, using milligram quantities of materials, by a static measurement of the vapor pressure difference between pure solvents and solutions of the compounds. The method may be used over a considerable temperature range. The suitability of solvents is governed by their chemical stability and vapor pressure. Results obtained using compounds in the molecular weight range of 600–1000 are reported.
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND ITS ANALOGUES: VII. CALORIMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE SYSTEMS H2O – H2O2 AND D2O – D2O2
Authors: Giguère Paul A. , Morissette B. G. , Olmos A. W. , Knop O.
Published: May 2006

The heat of mixing of hydrogen peroxide and water and the heat of vaporization of the mixtures were measured over a wide concentration range at 0 °C. with a Bunsen ice calorimeter and at 26.9° with a diphenyl ether calorimeter. The heat capacities of the solutions were determined between these two temperatures. Similar measurements were carried out on the corresponding deuterium compounds. The heat of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by colloidal platinum was also measured at 26.9° as a function of concentration. Correlation of all the results leads to the following recommended values for the thermochemical properties of the pure peroxides in the liquid state at 25 °C.[Formula: see text]A number of related functions are given for convenience in recalculating these quantities to other temperatures. Apart from their practical value the new data are of interest in connection with molecular association and hydrogen bonds.
THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE OF STRONG ELECTROLYTES: A TEST OF STOKES EQUATION
Authors: Campbell A. N. , Kartzmark E. M.
Published: May 2006

The equation recently put forward by Wishaw and Stokes, purporting to reproduce the equivalent conductance of concentrated solutions of strong electrolytes, has been tested by applying it to the experimental data of Campbell, Kartzmark et alii. The agreement between the calculated and observed values of Λ is astonishingly good, in the case of lithium nitrate up to a concentration of 7 molar. The deviations found for silver nitrate and ammonium nitrate are attributed to ion-pair formation and a dissociation "constant" deduced (for silver nitrate) which does show approximate constancy; a similar calculation by Stokes for ammonium nitrate shows even better constancy. Since the Stokes' equation is fully theoretical and contains only quantities to which physical meaning can be attached, it is to be preferred to any empirical, or semiempirical, equation. The Stokes' equation, being merely an extension of the Debye–Hückel– Onsager concept, cannot be expected to apply to concentrations greater than, say, 5 N. Attention is again drawn to the empirical observation that in the region of very high concentration the plot of Λ versus log C is a true straight line.
THE MANNICH CONDENSATION OF COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ACIDIC IMINO GROUPS
Authors: Bombardieri Caurino Cesar , Taurins Alfred
Published: May 2006

The synthesis of several new Mannich bases was accomplished by the condensation of secondary amines and formaldehyde with the following compounds: (1) 2-pyrrolidone, (2) 2,4-thiazolidinedione, (3) hydantoin, (4) 5,5-dimethyl-hydantoin, (5) uracil, (6) ethylnitramine, and (7) n-butylnitramine.
SEDIMENTATION AND VISCOSITY STUDIES OF BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN IN UREA SOLUTION
Authors: Charlwood P. A.
Published: May 2006

Sedimentation and viscosity measurements were made on bovine serum albumin during denaturation at pH 9.9 in 8.0 M urea in the presence of sodium-p-chloromercuribenzoate. The results suggested that the urea caused a rapid initial increase in the axial ratio and equivalent volume of the protein molecule. A subsequent slower increase in asymmetry was attributed to the effect of the mercury compound.
FREQUENCY SPECTRA OF FREE LATTICES AND PARTICLE SIZE EFFECTS ON THE HEAT CAPACITY OF SOLIDS
Authors: Patterson D.
Published: May 2006

The effect of particle size on the heat capacity of solids has been investigated using lattices with free boundaries as models. A monatomic lattice shows a low temperature effect associated with the acoustic modes. This can be compared with results obtained from a continuum model. With a diatomic lattice, however, an effect is also associated with the optical modes and is apparent at higher temperatures. The possibility that this latter effect can explain some recent experimental results is examined.
SULPHATED DERIVATIVES OF LAMINARIN
Authors: O'Neill A. N.
Published: May 2006

The polysaccharide, laminarin, was prepared from the marine alga, Laminaria digitata, and was sulphated with chlorosulphonic acid in pyridine and in liquid sulphur dioxide at temperatures below 0°. Derivatives containing both O-sulphate and N-sulphate groups were prepared by sulphating β-aminoethyl ethers of laminarin obtained by the reaction of laminarin with ethylenimine. These derivatives were found to act as anticoagulants for blood in vitro. The preparations with highest sulphate were most active, and for equivalent sulphate that with both O-sulphate and N-sulphate groups was more active than the one containing only the former.
INTENSITY IN THE RAMAN EFFECT: III. THE EFFECT OF DEUTERIUM SUBSTITUTION ON THE INTENSITY OF RAMAN BANDS OF BENZENE
Authors: Allen G. , Bernstein H. J.
Published: May 2006

Standard intensities of the Raman bands of C6H6, 1,3,5,-C6H3D3, and C6D6 have been obtained photoelectrically. An ambiguity in the vibrational assignment for 1,3,5,-C6D3H3 has been removed, and the assumption of the invariance of the polarizability and anisotropy derivatives upon isotopic substitution has been tested. A sum rule for depolarization ratios of Raman bands in isotopic homologues has been derived subject to the same assumptions used for obtaining the intensity sum rules.
THE INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTRA OF cis AND trans DIBROMOETHYLENE, TRIBROMOETHYLENE, AND AN APPLICATION OF THE FREQUENCY SUM RULE
Authors: Evans J. C. , Bernstein H. J.
Published: May 2006

Complete vibrational assignments have been obtained for tribromoethylene and cis dibromoethylene and thermodynamic functions calculated. Ten of the twelve fundamentals of trans dibromoethylene have been assigned and the approximate frequency of the missing pair evaluated by application of the frequency sum rule. The heat capacity of trans dibromoethylene has been calculated.
REACTIONS OF ARYLSULPHONIC ESTERS: II. THE ALKYL GROUP
Authors: Laughton P. M. , Robertson R. E.
Published: May 2006

As part of the project outlined in Paper I of this series, we report kinetic data, including Arrhenius parameters, for the solvolysis of a number of alkyl benzene- and toluene-sulphonates in ethanol and in water. The alkyl groups include the α- and β-methylation series: methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, and neopentyl; the straight chain series n-butyl and n-amyl; and a small group of oxygen-containing chains. The observed rates for the α-methylation series parallel those for the bromides and nitrates, and for the β-methylation, those for the bromides. However, it is evident that current interpretations of rate differences observed in the straight chain and oxygenated series cannot be applied with confidence to the benzenesulphonates since the changes in the Arrhenius parameters are larger than the observed differences in the rate.
A NEW METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF D-ERYTHROSE AND OF L-GLYCERALDEHYDE
Authors: Perlin A. S. , Brice Carol
Published: May 2006

D-Glucose is degraded selectively to di-O-formyl-D-erythrose by oxidation with two moles of lead tetraacetate. The ester groups are easily hydrolyzed, giving D-erythrose in an over-all yield of at least 80% of theory. In like manner oxidation of L-arabinose, followed by hydrolysis, affords L-glyceraldehyde. It is suggested that D-erythrose can readily associate intermolecularly, a property previously ascribed among sugars only to the trioses.
THE APPLICATION OF GAS–LIQUID PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHY TO PROBLEMS IN CHEMICAL KINETICS
Authors: Callear A. B. , Cvetanović R. J.
Published: May 2006

A gas–liquid partition chromatographic method for analysis of samples of the order of magnitude of a micromole is described. Examples of application are given.
AN OSCILLOSCOPIC POLAROGRAPH
Authors: Atkinson G. F. , McBryde W. A. E.
Published: May 2006

not available
THE ACTION OF PYRIDINE ON DULCITOL HEXANITRATE
Authors: McKeown G. G. , Hayward L. D.
Published: May 2006

A pyridine solution of dulcitol hexanitrate evolved gas and became highly colored when warmed to 50 °C.; dilution with water caused the precipitation of 67% of the theoretical amount of a dulcitol pentanitrate. The product was characterized as D,L-galactitol-1,2,4,5,6-pentanitrate by methylation to a monomethyl dulcitol pentanitrate, denitration of the latter, and periodate oxidation of the monomethyl dulcitol obtained. The hexitol derivatives were all obtained in a pure crystalline form. The significance of the data now available on the selective partial denitration by pyridine of hexitol hexanitrates is briefly discussed.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF LIGNINSULPHONATES: II. BEHAVIOR AS POLYELECTROLYTES
Authors: Gardon J. L. , Mason S. G.
Published: May 2006

Conductivity, dyestuff adsorption, and viscosity measurements on aqueous solutions of fractionated ligninsulphonate samples having various molecular weights indicate that they behave as flexible polyelectrolytes. There is evidence that ligninsulphonates of molecular weight less than 5000 associate in solution in a manner analogous to micelle formation in colloidal electrolytes. From the variation of intrinsic viscosity with molecular weight, it may be concluded that the degree of molecular branching of the high molecular weight ligninsulphonates is greater than that of the low molecular weight fractions.
THE VAPOR-PHASE PHOTOLYSIS OF ACETIC ACID
Authors: Ausloos P. , Steacie E. W. R.
Published: May 2006

The photolysis of acetic acid (CH3COOD) vapor has been investigated in the temperature range from room temperature to 285 °C. Since CH3D formation is independent of temperature, it is certain that the primary process[Formula: see text]occurs to the extent of about 10%. The results are complex and suggest that three other primary processes may occur, viz.[Formula: see text]The abstraction reaction[Formula: see text]is of importance, and the results indicate that it has an activation energy of 10.2 kcal., and a steric factor of the order of 10−3.
REACTIONS OF ARYLSULPHONIC ESTERS: III. ON THE HYDROLYSIS OF METHYL p-METHYLBENZENESULPHONATE
Authors: Robertson R. E.
Published: May 2006

A study of the temperature dependence for the rate of hydrolysis of methyl p-methylbenzenesulphonate shows the specific heat of activation for this reaction in water to be 33.45 ± 3 cal./mole degree. A comparison with the corresponding term for other methyl compounds reveals differences apparently characteristic of the anionic portion of the molecule. These differences are discussed in terms of specific solvation.
SOME FLUORINE SUBSTITUTED TOLANES
Authors: Rooney C. S. , Bourns A. N.
Published: May 2006

p-Trifluoromethyltolane and p-fluorotolane have been synthesized by the action of sodium or potassium amide in liquid ammonia on para-substituted 1,1-diphenyl-2-bromoethylenes. The geometrical isomers of 1-(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-phenyl-2-bromoethylene have been separated and their configurations assigned on the basis of dipole moment measurements. p-Trifluoromethyltolane has been converted to a dibromide, which on oxidation gave benzoic and p-trifluoromethylbenzoic acids. Both tolanes have been reduced to the correspondingly substituted 1,2-diphenylethanes.
NOUVELLES SYNTHÈSES DE L'ACIDE GLUTARIQUE, DE LA GLUTARIMIDE ET DE L'ACIDE GLUTAMIQUE: PRÉPARATION DE LA N-BROMOGLUTARIMIDE
Authors: Paris Gérard , Gaudry Roger , Berlinguet Louis
Published: May 2006

not available
HEAT OF HYDROLYSIS OF URANIUM (IV) IN PERCHLORIC ACID SOLUTIONS
Authors: Betts R. H.
Published: May 2006

The heat of hydrolysis of uranium (IV) in perchloric acid solution has been measured by a spectrophotometric technique. A value of 10.7 ± 1 kcal. per mole was obtained, in good agreement with a previous value determined by a calorimetric method. The entropy of association of uranium (IV) with hydroxyl ion is +52 e.u.
A FURTHER OBSERVATION ON THE BIOGENESIS OF HYOSCYAMINE
Authors: Marion Léo , Thomas Alan F.
Published: May 2006

not available
THE POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE SENSITIZED BY ETHYL IODIDE
Authors: Sefton V. B. , Roy D. J. Le
Published: May 2006

The polymerization of ethylene sensitized by the thermal decomposition of ethyl iodide in the presence of mercury vapor has been studied at 250°, 275°, and 300 °C. C14-labelled ethyl iodide was used in a number of experiments. The increase in the rate of decomposition of ethyl iodide in the presence of ethylene and the formation of butyl iodide are accounted for by equilibrium processes of the type RI + Hg = R + HgI. The important features of the reaction were established from the identity, quantity, and activity of the various products. The predominant formation of olefins is attributed to the isomerization and decomposition of large radicals. Very little of the butane is formed by the combination of ethyl radicals. Radical disproportionation is the most important chain termination step.
THE EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERE DEPLETION IN SPHERICAL DIFFUSION FLAMES
Authors: Cvetanović R. J.
Published: May 2006

Solutions of the second order non-linear differential equation of spherical diffusion flames have been obtained for the range of conditions of experimental interest. Deviations from the simplified exponential solution are presented in a form suitable for their direct evaluation. Some recent contributions to the theory of the method are discussed.
ON THE MEASUREMENT OF CHARGE ON INDIVIDUAL FIBERS
Authors: Mossman C. E. , Rideal Sir Eric
Published: May 2006

not available
THE POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE IN THE PRESENCE OF α- AND β-BROMOSTYRENE
Authors: Jones M. H.
Published: May 2006

A study of the polymerization of styrene in the presence of either α- or β-bromostyrene at 45 °C and 70 °C has shown that copolymerization does not occur. From the variation of molecular weight and rate of polymerization with bromostyrene concentration it is concluded that the bromostyrenes behave essentially as efficient transfer agents.
THE PHOTOLYSIS OF KETENE IN THE PRESENCE OF HYDROGEN
Authors: Gesser H. , Steacie E. W. R.
Published: May 2006

The photolysis of ketene in the presence of hydrogen has been investigated in the temperature range −40° to 207 °C. The main products are CO, C2H4, C2H6, and CH4, with some methyl ethyl ketone at the higher temperatures. Hydrogen and ketene compete for CH2 radicals by the reactions[Formula: see text]with E3 − E2 = 0.8 kcal. At the higher temperatures the reaction[Formula: see text]leads to a chain reaction via[Formula: see text]The value of E6 is found to be 10.2 ± 0.5 kcal. in good agreement with previous work.
DEPOLARIZATION BY MERCAPTOACETIC ACID DURING ELECTRODEPOSITION OF COPPER
Authors: Sukava A. J. , Winkler C. A.
Published: May 2006

Mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) in acid copper sulphate electrolyte decreased the cathode polarization throughout the course of electrolysis at all concentrations up to 20 mgm./liter. Addition of small amounts of chloride caused further depolarization. When present together with cystine, MAA showed an independence of action. The depolarization caused by MAA was ascribed to a decreased activation overpotential due to substitution of a more readily dischargeable MAA–copper complex for the aquo–copper complex. The additional depolarization due to chloride was ascribed to formation of a still more readily dischargeable chloro–MAA–copper complex. The depolarization in both cases increased with time during prolonged electrolysis, apparently due to surface roughening with, presumably, a consequent increase in surface area and decrease in true current density.
THEORY OF THE TRANSIENT PHASE IN KINETICS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENZYME SYSTEMS: II. THE CASE OF TWO ENZYME–SUBSTRATE COMPLEXES
Authors: Ouellet Ludovic , Laidler Keith J.
Published: May 2006

A theoretical treatment is worked out for the kinetic scheme[Formula: see text]in which two enzyme–substrate complexes are formed consecutively. The steady-state rate equations are obtained, and equations are given for the transient phase subject to the condition that the substrate concentration is greatly in excess of that of the enzyme. Some kinetic consequences of the resulting equations are discussed.
THE NUMBER OF POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS IN BOVINE PLASMA ALBUMIN
Authors: Reichmann M. E. , Colvin J. Ross
Published: May 2006

The molecular weight of performic acid oxidized bovine plasma albumin, dispersed in 0.08 M borate +0.2 M sodium chloride buffer, pH 7.4, was estimated as 30,000 by light-scattering and sedimentation equilibrium methods, 19,000 by osmotic pressure. Sedimentation velocity analyses and electrophoresis showed that the component polypeptide chains of the material are similar in mass and charge density so the polydispersity must be attributed to labile aggregates. The results indicate that here are at least three and probably four similar polypeptide chains in the molecule of native bovine plasma albumin, held together by disulphide bonds.
CHOLESTEROL FROM ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES (NEMATODA)
Authors: Fairbairn Donald , Jones R. Norman
Published: May 2006

not available
THE RELATIVE YIELDS OF THE ISOTOPES OF XENON IN PLUTONIUM FISSION
Authors: Fleming W. H. , Thode H. G.
Published: May 2006

The relative fission yields of five isotopes of xenon in Pu239 fission have been determined. Fine structure, similar to that observed in U238 fission but smaller, occurs in plutonium fission in the xenon mass range. The yield of the 133 mass chain has been determined at xenon in order to permit the normalization of the relative xenon yields to the relative cesium yields.
ON FLAME PROPAGATION IN EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES OF GASES: III. FLAME PROPAGATION IN MIXTURES OF METHANE AND NITROGEN AIR, HELIUM AIR, AND ARGON AIR
Authors: Sandri Robert
Published: May 2006

The general theory developed in an earlier paper of the author is applied to the combustion of mixtures of methane and nitrogen air, helium air, and argon air where dissociation of the end products is negligible. The oxygen atom chain is assumed to be rate-determining. Absolute values of the flame velocity are computed for mixtures containing 8% of methane and for the stoichiometric mixtures. The results are found to be in very good agreement with experimental values. Dependence on pressure is likewise found to be in very good agreement with experiments. The temperature distribution in the flame zone is also computed.
APPLICATION OF THE ARCHIBALD ULTRACENTRIFUGAL PROCEDURE TO LYSOZYME AND APURINIC ACID: EVALUATION USING A MECHANICAL INTEGRATOR
Authors: Smith David B. , Wood G. C. , Charlwood P. A.
Published: May 2006

The method outlined by Archibald for handling transient data in equilibrium ultracentrifugation yields a molecular weight for lysozyme that conforms to those given by other methods. A method for applying the Archibald procedure to apurinic acid which is polydisperse and has a concentration dependent sedimentation rate is outlined. The use of a mechanical integrator for reducing the computational work is described.
THE MASS ASSIGNMENT OF THE CHAIN 2 MIN. Sb → 77.7 HR. Te → 2.25 HR. I
Authors: Fleming W. H. , Thode H. G.
Published: May 2006

not available
THE REACTION BETWEEN CYANATE AND HYPOCHLORITE
Authors: Lister M. W.
Published: May 2006

The reaction between sodium hypochlorite and potassium cyanate in the presence of sodium hydroxide has been examined. The main products are chloride, and carbonate ions and nitrogen; but, especially if much hypochlorite is present, some nitrate is formed as well. The rate of reaction is proportional to the cyanate and hypochlorite concentrations, but inversely proportional to the hydroxide concentration: the rate constant is 5.45 × 10−4 min.−1 at 65 °C, at an ionic strength of 2.2. The rate constant increases somewhat as the ionic strength rises from 1.7 to 3.5. The effect of temperature makes the apparent activation energy 25 kcal./gm-molecule. The kinetics of the reaction suggest that the slow step is really a reaction of hypochlorous acid and cyanate ions, and possible intermediate products of this reaction are suggested. Allowing for the different extent of hydrolysis of hypochlorite at different temperatures, the true activation energy is found to be 15 kcal./gm-mol., which is consistent with the observed rate of reaction.
THE VOLATILIZATION OF PLUTONIUM FROM NEUTRON-IRRADIATED URANIUM
Authors: McKenzie D. E.
Published: May 2006

The volatilization of plutonium from neutron-irradiated uranium has been examined at 1540°, 1650°, and 1769 °C. The observed rates of evaporation of plutonium have been compared with calculated rates based on the Langmuir equation and Raoult’s law. Experimental and calculated results agree within the precision of the experimental measurements, indicating that the plutonium in neutron-irradiated uranium follows the ideal solution laws.
THE HEMICELLULOSE OF THE FOSSILIZED WOOD OF CEDRUS PENHALLOWII
Authors: Jones J. K. N. , Merler E.
Published: May 2006

not available
ANALYSIS FOR SMALL AMOUNTS OF CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, BARIUM, AND SULPHATE USING PHTHALEIN PURPLE
Authors: McCallum J. R.
Published: May 2006

For the determination of sulphate ion in samples containing 3 to 20 mgm., it was found that the standard precipitation techniques did not give sufficiently accurate results, and were time consuming. Reference to the literature showed that with certain modifications a complexometric method proposed by Schwarzenbach etal. for samples containing 20 to 50 mgm. of sulphate was most likely to give accurate results rapidly. In this method the sample is passed through a cation exchange column and washed with distilled water into a flask. This solution is boiled and precipitated with excess standard disodium ethylenediaminetetracetate in the presence of alcohol and ammonia using phthalein purple indicator. Provided that the details of procedure described in this paper are closely adhered to, accuracy is usually within two per cent. Calcium, magnesium, and barium may also be titrated directly using the phthalein purple indicator.
GRAFT COPOLYMERS OF STYRENE AND METHYL METHACRYLATE: PART I: SYNTHESIS
Authors: Jones M. H.
Published: May 2006

A series of graft copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate have been prepared by using samples of brominated polystyrene as photochemical initiators for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Estimates of the branch chain lengths have been obtained from kinetic and viscosity measurements. In conjunction with the infrared analyses of the total weights of the branches, these have permitted a determination of the frequencies of branching.
THERMAL NEUTRON CAPTURE CROSS SECTION OF Ce142
Authors: Roy L. P. , Yaffe L.
Published: May 2006

The cross section of Ce142 has been determined by the activation method and found to be 0.95 ± 0.05 barns relative to a value of σCo59 = 36.3 barns. Disintegration rates were determined by a 4π counter. The value obtained agrees with that of Katcoff etal. (1949) also obtained by the activation method but differs markedly from that of Pomerance (1952).
THE REACTION OF DEUTERIUM ATOMS WITH ETHYLENE
Authors: Toby S. , Schiff H. I.
Published: May 2006

Deuterium was dissociated on a hot tungsten filament and the atom concentration measured by isothermal calorimetry. The recombination coefficient of deuterium atoms on a glass surface, coated with metaphosphoric acid, was found to be 3.8 × 10−5, and similar to that found for hydrogen atoms. The reactions of H-atoms and D-atoms with ethylene were found to be very rapid. The effects on the yields of the products and on their isotopic composition of variations of reactant flow rate, atom concentration, pressure, and atom-detector position were studied. The major products were methanes, ethanes, and ethylenes, with minor amounts of propanes and butanes. The methanes were always highly deuterated while the ethanes were slightly deuterated. A mechanism is proposed to explain the observations based on a flow pattern in the reaction zone. The possibility of differences in the reaction rates of variously deuterated intermediates is also discussed.
THE ENTROPIES OF IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION: I. DEPENDENCE ON CHARGE AND RADIUS
Authors: Laidler K. J.
Published: May 2006

Empirical equations recently proposed for the entropies of ions in aqueous solution involve a linear dependence on the first power of the valency z and, in some cases, an inverse dependence on the square of a modified radius. Such relationships have no fundamental validity since the entropies are related arbitrarily to a zero value for the proton. It is shown that the entropy changes for reactions of various ionic types indicate that the entropy must depend on z2, as proposed by Born on the basis of simple electrostatic theory. When the entropies of monatomic ions are related to the absolute scale, in which the proton has a value of −5.5 e.u., they are found to vary linearly with z2/ru, where ru is the univalent radius defined by Pauling. The slope is found to be close to that predicted by the Born equation, and the non-electrostatic part of the entropy is shown to correspond to the movement of the ion in a free volume of 0.73 eu. Å.
INTENSITY IN THE RAMAN EFFECT: V. THE EFFECT OF INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTION ON THE RAMAN SPECTRUM OF CARBON DISULPHIDE
Authors: Evans J. C. , Bernstein H. J.
Published: May 2006

The Raman spectrum of CS2 has been obtained photoelectrically for the liquid and solutions of varying concentrations in cyclopentane, and depolarization ratios and intensities measured. The intensity of the forbidden bands v2 and v3 relative to that of the Raman active band v1 decreases rapidly with dilution. The bands are present because of intermolecular interaction which probably occurs between the C atom of one molecule of CS2 and only one of the S atoms of the other.
THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF CONSECUTIVE REACTIONS
Authors: Westman A. E. R. , DeLury D. B.
Published: May 2006

The differential equations of consecutive first-order reactions are formulated in a general manner. The solutions of these equations are shown to fall into a pattern, according to which the solutions to all such systems can be written down without resort to formal integration. The pattern is also convenient for making numerical calculations.
THE SUGAR COMPONENT OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDES
Authors: Walker I. G. , Butler G. C.
Published: May 2006

From highly polymerized deoxyribonucleate the nucleosides have been isolated by an improved method. The sugar obtained on hydrolysis of the individual nucleosides has been shown to be D-2-deoxyribose in each case.
A DILATOMETRIC STUDY OF SOLID METHANOL-d
Authors: Davidson D. W.
Published: May 2006

With isopentane as the dilatometric liquid, CH3OD was examined between 120 °K. and the melting point. There is evidence of two transitions within the solid: one, in the vicinity of 158 °K., appears to be a gradual transition, the other, at 163 °K., a first-order one. The corresponding molar volume changes are 0.04 and 0.43 ml. A further change of volume of 2.67 ml./mole occurs at the melting point. These results are compared with recent dilatometric results for CH3OH and discussed with reference to the available calorimetric data. The molar volume of CH3OD is slightly greater than that of CH3OH in both liquid and solid forms.
STRUCTURE OF A SYNTHETIC POLYXYLOSE
Authors: Bishop C. T.
Published: May 2006

D-Xylose has been condensed under the catalytic action of hydrogen chloride to yield 5.6% polyxylose having a number average degree of polymerization (D.P.) of 10 or greater. The polyxylose was shown to be highly branched with a predominance of the glycosidic bonds in the α-configuration. Estimation and identification of the hydrolysis products of the methylated polyxylose showed that the glycosidic linkages 1 → 4: 1 → 2: 1 → 3 occurred in a frequency ratio of 6.5:3:1.
THE CHEMICAL STABILITY OF THE S-METHYL XANTHATES OF SOME SIMPLE ALCOHOLS
Authors: Vincent D. L. , Purves C. B.
Published: May 2006

n-Octadecyl S-methyl xanthate, m.p. 38–39°, and n-hexadecyl S-methyl xanthate, m.p. 28–28.5°, were prepared for the first time, and were used to study the behavior of the S-methyl xanthate group toward reagents commonly used in research on carbohydrates. Although stable to some conditions of acetylation, hydrolysis, and methanolysis, the S-methyl xanthate group was destroyed by all methylating agents tried, with the exception of nitrosomethylurethane. The latter reagent converted a sodium xanthate salt in high yield to the S-methyl ester. Octadecyl and hexadecyl S-methyl xanthates when oxidized with hydrogen peroxide yielded crystalline substances of composition C20H40O4S2 and C18H36O4S2, respectively, whose structures were not determined. These substances each contained three additional oxygen atoms. Various attempts to estimate the S-methyl xanthate group by oxidation with bromine or periodic acid, or by reduction to methyl iodide, were unsuccessful.
DÉRIVÉS DU TRIMÉTHYL-1,8,8 BICYCLO[3,2,1]OCTANE: I. LA RÉACTION DU DIAZOMÉTHANE AVEC LA CAMPHOQUINONE
Authors: Favre H. , Marinier B. , Richer J-C.
Published: May 2006

not available
THE SYSTEMS ALUMINUM-TIN AND ALUMINUM-LEAD-TIN
Authors: Campbell A. N. , Kartzmark R.
Published: May 2006

The solubility of tin in aluminum, between 400° and 645 °C, has been determined by an isothermal method. The system Al–Pb–Sn has been investigated, isothermally, at 500° and 600 °C. The eutectic temperature and composition of this system have also been determined. The structure of the phases in completely solid alloys has been identified by photomicrography. The liquidus curves at 500° and 600 °C. are continuous, extending across the ternary diagram from the Al–Pb system to the Al–Sn system. On neither of the two isotherms does a two-liquid region occur, despite the fact that a well-defined two-liquid region exists at temperatures above 650 °C. This was found to be due to inaccuracy in the published diagram for the Al–Sn system and this led to the work mentioned above. The solubility of tin in aluminum is much less than it has been supposed and this causes the surface of solid aluminum to intrude into the solid diagram at an early stage, thus blocking out the two-liquid region. The ternary eutectic temperature is 183.0 °C. and the composition, 0.08 weight per cent Al, 38.1% Pb, and 61.7% Sn. In any alloy at room temperature, the solid phases are: primary aluminum, α-lead, and β-tin. Brinell Ball and Vickers Diamond Pyramid hardness tests show that the ternary eutectic alloy is the hardest of the system. When alloys approximating to the eutectic composition are used as solders, it has been found that the alloy of ternary eutectic composition has a greater shear strength than ordinary solder.
SEPARATION OF HIGH SPECIFIC ACTIVITY Na22 FROM IRRADIATED ALUMINUM
Authors: Hollbach N. , Yaffe L.
Published: May 2006

not available
THE STRUCTURE OF HYOCHOLIC ACID
Authors: Ziegler P.
Published: May 2006

Further evidence for the α-configuration of the hydroxyl groups in hyocholic acid is presented and several related compounds are described.
A REDETERMINATION OF THE RELATIVE ENTHALPIES OF AQUEOUS PERCHLORIC ACID SOLUTIONS FROM 1 TO 24 MOLAL
Authors: Bidinosti D. R. , Biermann W. J.
Published: May 2006

Previous tabulations of enthalpies of formation of perchloric acid solutions are not in agreement with the behavior expected for an acid as highly dissociated as perchloric acid. Measurements of the heats of neutralization of perchloric acid solutions with sodium hydroxide solutions were made and new values of the relative apparent partial molal enthalpies of perchloric acid solutions in the range 1 to 24 molal were computed from these. These new values agree with the anticipated behavior of perchloric acid.
THE REACTION OF TETRAMETHYLTHIURAMDISULPHIDE WITH ACETONE: I. REACTION PRODUCTS
Authors: Robinson J. R. , Craig David , Fowler Ray B.
Published: May 2006

Tetramethylthiuramdisulphide reacts with acetone to form various dithiocarbamate derivatives of acetone, dimethylamine, and carbon disulphide. The reaction has an induction period which is markedly influenced by various additives. The reaction products, their properties and synthesis, are described.
A STUDY OF THE REACTIONS OF AMMONIUM SULPHAMATE WITH AMIDES AND UREAS
Authors: Gagnon Paul E. , Boivin Jean L. , Haggart Catherine
Published: May 2006

The preparation of nitriles from amides and ammonium sulphamate was investigated. The method was found to be generally applicable and good yields were obtained in most cases. The mechanism of the reaction involved the liberation of ammonia and the formation of ammonium N-carbonyl sulphamates, which decomposed into nitriles and ammonium bisulphate.The mechanism for the formation of guanidine and cyanuric acid from ureas was elucidated. The effects of methyl, phenyl, acetyl, and benzoyl groups on the reactivity of the urea molecule were determined. Methylamine and aniline were obtained from methylurea and phenylurea together with guanidine and cyanuric acid. Acetylurea and benzoylurea formed acetonitrile and benzonitrile, the yield of guanidine being low but that of cyanuric acid very high.
THE SYNTHESIS OF PHYLLOPYRROLE-DICARBOXYLIC ACID
Authors: MacDonald S. F. , Michl K. H.
Published: May 2006

Phyllopyrrole-dicarboxylic acid, Ic, has been synthesized making all of the four hypothetical reduction products of the uroporphyrins available synthetically.
DIMETHYLPHENYLBENZYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE: A REAGENT FOR THE GRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PLATINUM
Authors: Ryan D. E.
Published: May 2006

Dimethylphenylbenzylammonium chloride precipitates platinum quantitatively from tetravalent platinum bromide solutions; complete precipitation is obtained in solutions varying widely in concentrated hydrobromic acid. The compound formed is a stable ammonium type salt, (C15H18N)2PtBr6, and is used as a weighing form for platinum. Commonly associated base metals do not interfere. Platinum is readily determined in filtrates from hydrolytic separation of other platinum metals.
THE GAS PHASE PHOTOLYSIS OF ACETIC AND PROPIONIC ANHYDRIDE
Authors: Ausloos P.
Published: May 2006

The photolysis of acetic anhydride has been reinvestigated in the temperature region from 30 to 195 °C. Two primary processes occur with about equal probability:[Formula: see text]Analogous primary processes have been proposed for the photochemical decomposition of propionic anhydride.The abstraction reaction:[Formula: see text]is of importance, and the results indicate that it has an activation energy of about 9.6 kcal./mole.
EFFECT OF pH ON THE SEDIMENTATION OF SERUM ALBUMINS AND OVALBUMIN
Authors: Charlwood P. A. , Ens Adolf
Published: May 2006

not available
CONSTITUTION OF A DEGRADED POLYSACCHARIDE FROM WHEAT BRAN
Authors: Schmorak J. , Bishop C. T. , Adams G. A.
Published: May 2006

Graded acid hydrolysis of a soluble wheat bran hemicellulose containing L-arabinose (50%), D-xylose (38.5%), and D-glucuronic acid (9.0%) preferentially removed the L-arabinose giving an insoluble acidic polysaccharide in approximately 25% yield by weight. Methylation studies, periodate oxidation data, and hypoiodite end group estimations showed that the degraded polysaccharide was composed of repeating units of 7-8 D-xylopyranose residues joined by β,1 → 4 linkages. To this repeating unit, one D-glucuronic acid unit was attached by a 1 → 2 glycosidic bond. The cellulolytic enzyme of Myrotheciumverrucaria, which is specific for β,1 → 4 glycosidic linkages, hydrolyzed the degraded polysaccharide although it had no effect on the parent hemicellulose
STEROIDS AND RELATED PRODUCTS: VII. THE SYNTHESIS OF 17α-METHYLCORTICOSTERONE
Authors: Engel Ch. R.
Published: May 2006

The synthesis of 17α-methylcorticosterone, a new biologically active homologue of corticosterone and analogue of cortisol, is described. In the course of the work it was observed that the 17-methyl group greatly impeded both the formation and the hydrolysis of a 20-ketal. On the other hand, evidence was obtained that the 11-keto group is not completely unreactive towards ethylene glycol, in the presence of p-toluenesulphonic acid.
THE INFRARED SPECTRA OF CH4, CH3D, CH2D2, CD3H, AND CD4
Authors: Wilmshurst J. K. , Bernstein H. J.
Published: May 2006

The infrared spectra of all the deuterated methanes of high isotopic purity have been obtained with prism resolution and 27 of the 29 fundamentals were observed. The frequencies observed have been compared with the previous grating and prism data and 'best' values of the fundamentals have been suggested. The present data are considered to give more reliable frequencies for most of the fundamentals of CH3D, CH2D2, and CD3H than were previously available.
REARRANGEMENT STUDIES WITH C14: IV. THE ABSENCE OF REARRANGEMENT IN THE SCHMIDT REACTION WITH 3-PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID-2-C14
Authors: Lee C. C. , Slater G. P. , Spinks J. W. T.
Published: May 2006

not available
HYDROGENOLYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES: II. REDUCTION OF METHYL α-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE
Authors: Rudloff E. Von , Stuetz D. E. , Bauer H. F.
Published: May 2006

The hydrogenolysis of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside at elevated temperatures and pressures with copper chromite as catalyst and anhydrous dioxane as solvent was studied. The reaction produced a complex mixture of alcohols, the major components being 2-hydroxymethyl-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydropyran, methanol, isomeric hexanediols, 1,2-propanediol, and ethanediol.
CHROMATOGRAPHY OF WASTE SULPHITE LIQUOR
Authors: Shaw A. C. , Dignam M.
Published: May 2006

Waste sulphite liquor was studied by chromatographic and ion exchange techniques. A series of chromatographically homogeneous phenolic compounds, which appear to be lignin sulphonate fragments, were separated. Xylose, arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose were isolated and identified by preparation of solid derivatives.
THE KINETICS OF THE OXIDATION OF FERROUS ION BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF DISSOLVED HYDROGEN AND CARBON MONOXIDE
Authors: Hardwick T. J.
Published: May 2006

An expression has been derived for the rate of ferric ion production in the ferrous ion – hydrogen peroxide reaction in aqueous solution containing dissolved hydrogen and oxygen. It involves the relative value of the rate constants for the intermediate reactions[Formula: see text]The effects of side reactions involving the intermediate hydroperoxyl radical are considered. The rate calculated from the derived expression agrees with that measured experimentally (±2%). When carbon monoxide is used instead of hydrogen, the kinetic scheme and rate expression are the same. The agreement between experimental and calculated rates is within ±2%.
ARSENIDES OF TRANSITION METALS: THE ARSENIDES OF IRON AND COBALT
Authors: Heyding R. D. , Calvert L. D.
Published: May 2006

Alloys of cobalt and arsenic containing up to 60% As by weight have been studied by means of room temperature and high temperature Debye–Scherrer diagrams. Two compounds exist at room temperature, Co2As and CoAs, both of which undergo crystallographic transformations at higher temperatures, the former between 400 °C. and 500 °C., the latter at about 950 °C. A third compound, probably Co3AS2, is formed by the reaction of Co2As with CoAs above 940 °C. The structures of these compounds are compared with the structures of the corresponding compounds in the iron/arsenic system. These results indicate the necessity of slight revisions to the Co/As diagram, and raise serious questions in respect of the validity of decomposition pressure data reported recently for cobalt arsenides.
LIGHT ABSORPTION STUDIES: PART VII. CONCERNING THE RELATION BETWEEN THE INFRARED CARBONYL STRETCHING BANDS AND ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA (B-BANDS) IN RING SUBSTITUTED ACETOPHENONES
Authors: Forbes W. F. , Mueller W. A.
Published: May 2006

The B-bands of a number of ring substituted acetophenones were determined. The observed changes are discussed in relation to the nature and position of the substituent group and are compared with the corresponding changes observed in the infrared carbonyl stretching bands.
MECHANISM OF GUANIDINE NITRATION: II. TETRAETHYLNITROGUANIDINE
Authors: Kirkwood M. W. , Wright George F
Published: May 2006

The preparation of sym-tetraethylnitroguanidine now shows that a ketimino group can be nitrated directly. The mode of nitration has been evaluated first by determination of the ionization of guanidine bisulphate (prepared anew) and tetraethylguanidine in nearly-anhydrous sulphuric acid by means of an improved cryoscope, and by comparison of these ionizations with those of substances the ionizing behavior of which may be reliably predicted. Subsequent studies show that the stronger base, sym-tetraethylguanidine, is nitrated more slowly than guanidine, both reactions being reversible. Detailed kinetic studies were not made because of the irreversible side-reaction yielding tetraethylurea. This irreversible reaction, which is suppressed by sodium bisulphate but not by nitric acid, is presumptive for the existence of an intermediate nitrotetraethylguanidinium salt out of which the tetraethylnitroguanidine or tetraethylurea may arise.
THE POLYMERIZATION OF METHACRYLONITRILE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
Authors: Bywater S.
Published: May 2006

The photosensitized polymerization of methacrylonitrile has been investigated at temperatures above 100 °C. A study of the kinetics suggests that at these temperatures the reverse (depropagation) reaction is important. From the experimental data, the heat and entropy change for the polymerization has been calculated.