bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clusteroluminogenic polymers: Applications in biology and medicine (Review article)
Authors: Sakhno Tamara , Ivashchenko Dmytro , Semenov Anatolii , Ivashchenko Olena , Sakhno Yuriy
Published: March 2024

The current state of research on unconventional luminescence of nonconjugated polymers, which arises as a result of spatial conjugation due to the overlapping of electronic orbitals of atoms in aggregates formed at high concentrations of substances in solutions or in the solid state, is considered. The manifold applications of clusteroluminogenic polymers in the realms of biology and medicine take center stage. This includes the utilization of clusteroluminescence for monitoring and visualizing dynamic reactions, exploring pathways in biomedical research and targeted drug delivery, facilitating real-time monitoring, as well as imaging and tracking. The emphasis is placed on their pivotal role in combination therapy and theranostics.
ZnO sensitization by polymethine dye in photoelectrochemical cells for solar energy conversion
Authors: Fomanyuk S. S. , Ishchenko A. A. , Kudinova M. A. , Rusetskyi I. A. , Danilov M. O. , Gubareni E. V. , Dovbeshko G. I. , Smilyk V. O. , Kolbasov G. Ya.
Published: March 2024

By sintering ZnO powder mixed with ethylene glycol, electrodes on a glass substrate with a conductive SnO2 layer were obtained. In parallel, Ti/TiO2 electrodes were obtained by anodizing a titanium foil. Electrodes based on ZnO and TiO2 were sensitized to visible light with a cationic polymethine dye. The analysis of the photoelectrochemical characteristics of the obtained electrodes showed that the dye-sensitized ZnO films in the wavelength range of 450–650 nm have a photocurrent quantum yield two-fold higher compared with TiO2. In this way, a hybrid dye-ZnO structure sensitive to visible light was formed, which can be used for the photoelectrochemical cells for solar energy conversion, as well as for the detection of DNA and proteins in biological sensors.
Arterial geometry on the development of heart disease
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: March 2024

Trifurcations at the left coronary artery cause disturbances in blood flow, which can contribute to plaque development
Automating the analysis of facial emotion expression dynamics: A computational framework and application in psychotic disorders
Authors: Hall Nathan T. , Hallquist Michael N. , Martin Elizabeth A. , Lian Wenxuan , Jonas Katherine G. , Kotov Roman
Published: March 2024

Facial emotion expressions play a central role in interpersonal interactions; these displays are used to predict and influence the behavior of others. Despite their importance, quantifying and analyzing the dynamics of brief facial emotion expressions remains an understudied methodological challenge. Here, we present a method that leverages machine learning and network modeling to assess the dynamics of facial expressions. Using video recordings of clinical interviews, we demonstrate the utility of this approach in a sample of 96 people diagnosed with psychotic disorders and 116 never-psychotic adults. Participants diagnosed with schizophrenia tended to move from neutral expressions to uncommon expressions (e.g., fear, surprise), whereas participants diagnosed with other psychoses (e.g., mood disorders with psychosis) moved toward expressions of sadness. This method has broad applications to the study of normal and altered expressions of emotion and can be integrated with telemedicine to improve psychiatric assessment and treatment.
One More Summer
Authors: Harmon Justin
Published: March 2024

Dogs are understood as companions who add value to the lives of their “owners,” and many people see them as important members of the family. Outside the home, though, there are often restrictions on
where
dogs can be – and
how
they can be if they are allowed. Dogs frequently accompany their people in leisure spaces, such as parks, trails, and vacations, yet they are often constrained in one way or another. The following fictionalized case study explores the limits imposed on dogs in leisure and pushes us to think why certain restrictions are necessary, as well as how they diminish the leisure experience of both humans and dogs.

Information

© CAB International 2024
New Vacuum Solar Telescope Achieves Narrowband Infrared Solar Imaging Observation at He i 10830 Å
Authors: Meng Wei-Jie , Xu Fang-Yu , Jin Zhen-Yu
Published: March 2024

The near-infrared imaging channel constitutes a crucial component of the multichannel high-resolution imaging system of the New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST). We have successfully achieved high-resolution, narrowband imaging of the chromosphere using He i 10830 Å triplet within this channel, which significantly enhances the imaging observation capabilities of NVST. This paper provides a concise overview of the optical system associated with the near-infrared imaging channel, detailing data processing procedures and presenting several observed images. Leveraging a high-resolution image reconstruction algorithm, we were able to generate a narrowband image near the diffraction limit at 10830 Å with a temporal resolution of less than 10 s.
Achievement of high-current continuous-wave deuteron injector for linear IFMIF prototype accelerator (LIPAc)
Authors: Akagi Tomoya , Bolzon Benoît , Carin Yann , Chauvin Nicolas , Cismondi Fabio , Dzitko Hervé , Hasegawa Kazuo , Itagaki Tomonobu , Kasugai Atsushi , Kitano Toshihiko , Kondo Keitaro , Masuda Kai , Sugimoto Masayoshi
Published: March 2024

The Linear IFMIF (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility) Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) is aiming at demonstrating the low-energy section of a 40 MeV/125 mA IFMIF deuteron accelerator up to 9 MeV with a full beam current in continuous-wave operation. For such a high-power beam, the LIPAc injector is required to produce a beam current of 140 mA and 100 keV D+ beams. The injector commissioning to reach high beam current has been progressing at high duty cycle operation, then stable operation for many hours at a beam condition of 150 mA total extracted current. This result demonstrates that the LIPAc injector can meet the required performance for nominal 125 mA long pulse deuteron beam acceleration.
The Threat of Saltwater Intrusion on Rice Farming in Katingan I Lowland Irrigation Area, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Rivanto A P , Rahardjo A P , Jayadi R
Published: March 2024

The Katingan I Lowlands Irrigation Area (LIA) is one of tidal lowlands irrigation area in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Because the Katingan I LIA utilizes water from the estuary, the occurence of saltwater intrusion is likely to occur. Assessing water salinity due to saltwater intrusion provides essential information for farmers to manage water appropriately. In addition, this information can also be used by the government to develop policies and management strategies for Katingan I LIA. Saltwater intrusion that occurs when sea water flows into irrigation canals and agricultural land can lead to increased salinity. High salinity levels can affect agricultural productivity, especially in rice crops. Therefore, a thorough salinity study is needed to support the development of rice farming. This study aims to evaluate salinity levels due to saltwater intrusion and understand the factors affecting them. The study measured tidal (water level elevation), electrical conductivity (EC), and salinity data of the Katingan River and several locations in the primary and secondary channels. Data collection methods included continuous and instantaneous measurements using portable data logger installations and handheld devices. The existing water salinity conditions at Katingan I LIA obtained the maximum water salinity value from the three locations of 14,536 ppm and the lowest water salinity value of 3.02 ppm. The maximum water salinity value that enters the primary canal is 5,547 ppm, higher than the thershold salinity value for rice farming (5,120 ppm). Therefore, anticipatory measuers must be conducted to reduce salinity intrusion, such as optitmizing water channels, making water gates, and managing the water use efficiently. It is also recommended that measurements be carried out during the dry season to see the comparison of results and the magnitude of the maximum water salinity value that occurs because salinity problems occur more during the dry season
Enhancing Watershed Management through Seasonal Water Yield Modelling using InVEST (Case Study: Rawa Pening Catchment Area)
Authors: Lismadanti A , Christanto N , Effendi I
Published: March 2024

Located in the upstream of the Tuntang Watershed in Indonesia, Rawa Pening catchment is a significant watershed, recognized as one of the nation’s priority watersheds. Evaluating the catchment’s sustainability relies on its water yield, a crucial determinant in guaranteeing a steady water supply, thereby enhancing water security. This study aims to achieve the following objectives: 1.) To utilize the InVEST model for the estimation of temporal water yield potential within the Rawa Pening Catchment Area from 2018 to 2022, 2.) To assess the accuracy of the InVEST model in temporally estimating water yields within the Rawa Catchment Area, and 3.) To investigate the spatial distribution and characteristics of water yield in the Rawa Pening Catchment Area between 2018 and 2022.The results of the study demonstrate significant trends: The peak rate of flow was recorded in November 2022, reaching 645.87 mm/month, and the minimum rate was seen in July 2018, measuring only 0.82 mm/month. The model calibration shows a substantial correlation value of 0.95, a PMARE Index of 12.84%, and a determination coefficient of 0.9011. Despite minor variations, the InVEST model’s accuracy remains substantial due to the high interconnectivity of variables. Various elements, including rainfall patterns, land use practices, soil hydrological characteristics, and threshold flow accumulation, influence the spatial dynamics of quick flow.
Identification of River Ecosystem Services through Water Utilization at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia
Authors: Nurani I W , Lavigne F , Gautier E , Sunardi S , Dede M , Astari A J
Published: March 2024

Merapi volcano is renowned as one of the world’s most active and densely populated volcanoes. Despite the constant high risk it presents, local residents continue to inhabit the Merapi slopes, primarily due to the ecosystem services that sustain their lives. River ecosystem services in this area are particularly vulnerable to landscape changes, largely driven by volcanic eruptions and human activities. This study aims to define the river ecosystem services by exploring the water utilization in Krasak River, which has been affected by Merapi eruptions from 2010 to 2023. The evaluation of water utilization was conducted using an ecosystem services approach, involving semi-structured interviews with 42 informants in six villages located along the upstream, middle stream, and downstream of the Krasak River. Content analysis was employed to explore water utilization practices and categorize river ecosystem services. The results revealed that water utilization in Krasak watershed comprises the use of springs and wells for supplying drinking needs and domestic needs as well as the use of rivers for irrigation water, fish ponds and recreation activities. Variations in Krasak River water utilization in different segments were influenced by water quality, quantity, accessibility, and the availability of alternative water sources. Based on local perspectives, the prominent river services encompass provisioning (e.g., irrigation, fish ponds, rural water supply, sand and stones), regulating (e.g., water quality maintenance, groundwater quantity), supporting (e.g., primary productivity), and cultural (e.g., recreation, aesthetic value) services. Challenges to river ecosystem services include concerns about river water utilization’s impact on perceptions of the river’s value and the roles of local communities and government in Krasak River management. These findings would contribute valuable insights for enhancing sustainable water resource management in the Merapi area.
Water quality analysis of Sumurup River in Gunungkidul, Indonesia, using the water quality index
Authors: Azis K , Widyastuti M
Published: March 2024

Sumurup River is one of the rivers in Gunungkidul, Indonesia, that continuously flows water throughout the year and traverses different land use types. Consequently, it receives numerous waste inputs. Given the limited water resources in the area, it is necessary to assess the water quality regularly. Moreover, this river was previously a drinking water supply, but it can now only be used for purposes with lower requirements, e.g., bathing and washing. The water quality was assessed using three scenarios with different number of parameters in the composite and two indices: the Indonesian Modification of Water Quality Index (INA-WQI) and the Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WA-WQI). Parameters observed were pH, DO, BOD, COD, NH3, NO3, total phosphate, TSS, TDS, and fecal coliform. Results showed that the safe limits of pH, BOD, COD, NH3, NO3, total phosphate, TSS, and fecal coliform for drinking water (Class I) were exceeded at several sampling points. In contrast, DO and TDS were below their maximum allowable concentrations at all points. WQI assessment produced varying index values categorized as fair to good (INA-WQI) or excellent to unsuitable for drinking (WA-WQI). Further, the different composite scenarios had a significant effect on WA-WQI but not on INA-WQI scores.
Analysis of Surface Water Availability and Projection of Domestic Water Demand in The Logawa Sub-Watershed 2030
Authors: Aryakusumo F , Fajriani A A , Haikal R F , Nugraini R A , Anggrahini S Q , Sakti T A , Azizah W N , Hikmah Z U
Published: March 2024

Water is a vital element that is used to meet human needs such as domestic and non-domestic activities (agriculture, fisheries, tourism, and industry). The more human activities carried out, the greater the amount of water needed. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the availability and demand for water to determine the conditions of shortage and excess water to meet future water needs. The method used in this research was the quantitative descriptive method with the study area unit covering all parts of the Logawa Sub-Watershed. The research sample was taken using the purposive sampling method with data collection techniques including secondary data in the form of literature studies and related institutions and primary data in the form of direct observations in the field. Data analysis was determined by the discharge duration curve formula to obtain a reliable discharge and calculate the water demand in each sector. The results of the study show that the availability of water in the Logawa Sub-Watershed can suffice the water needs of the domestic and non-domestic sectors (agriculture and livestock) in 2023 and domestic water needs in 2030.
Long-term Change of Water Transparency in Lake Singkarak Observed from Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Setiawan F , Wibowo H , Subehi L , Rahmadya A , Ridwansyah I , Hamzah R
Published: March 2024

The water quality data for supporting lake management in Indonesia are very limited due to financial constraints. Satellite data has a big potential as a source for providing data to retrieve water quality information. In this study, we used Landsat TM/ETM+ remote sensing data and applied an empirical model for estimating the water transparency (Zsd) to represent water quality in Lake Singkarak. We used 230 scenes of pre-processed Landsat TM/ETM+ images to generate a long-term SD database for Lake Singkarak from 1987 to 2020. The visual and statistical analysis shows the change of Zsd in Lake Singkarak. In the period before 2000, the Zsd were generally lower than 2 meters (m). From 2000 to 2005 the Zsd continuously increased from 1.5m to 4m. Lastly, from 2005 until 2020 Zsd were steady: 2m > Zsd < 4m. The satellite-based Zsd estimations captured the three regimes of water quality in Lake Singkarak. These estimations will thus provide useful data for lake managers and policymakers.
Food Availability Analysis based on Land Suitability Evaluation on Paddy Production in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Putri FHS , Fattahurahman A , Thea EAK , Saputra FR , Salma NQ , Isnaini PA , Togatorop RM , Ayun RQ , Sari VA , Suratman
Published: March 2024

Land suitability evaluation for specific uses can be prepared based on land conditions, in this case for paddy plants, which are the basic staple food of the community. This study aims to determine the land suitability for paddy, determine land balance which is based on the area of paddy fields and built-up land to determine the potential of existing land reserves, and to determine paddy productivity. The research was conducted in Banyumas Regency in three districts, Kedungbanteng, Patikraja, and Purwojati as sampling area. The methods used in this study are land suitability analysis with the land unit approach method and land suitability based on SPKL version 2.0 weighted factor method, land resource balance analysis by calculating the reserve of land resources to determine the amount of paddy reserves, and food security analysis with qualitative descriptive method. The results showed that the land suitability class for paddy in Kedungbanteng District was dominated by class N with the highest value of Ntc/eh/lp of 25,57%, Patikraja District by class S2 with the highest value of S2c of 20,13%, and Purwojati District by class Neh of 51,51%. The only district that still has land reserves that can be used is Purwojati District of 635 ha. Food security in Kedungbanteng District has the highest land productivity, followed by Patikraja District with stagnant land productivity, and Purwojati with low land productivity.
SWE Modelling of Debris-flow body-sedimentation and Tail-flow Remobilization in a Check-dam Controlled Gully (Unzen Volcano, Japan) using UAV LiDAR, SfM-MVS
Authors: Gomez C , Hotta N , Shinohara Y
Published: March 2024

On 13th August 2021 at Unzen Volcano (Japan), an 81 mm.hr-1 peak-rainfall (1486 mm in 2 weeks) triggered series of erosion and deposition features in the Tansandani and the Gokurakudani gullies, all adding up to 57,800 m3 of erosion and 39,600 m3 of deposition. Upstream of the Sabo dam located at the exit of the Tansandani Gully, a large deposit has been visually identified as a potential debris-flow front candidate. However, the absence of direct observation leaves some uncertainty on the process that deposited the material and the magnitude of the flow. In the present contribution, the authors are investigating (1) the role of the debris-flow body in constructing the deposit and (2) the role of the tail of the debris-flow in eroding the fresh deposit. To reach this objective, the authors have combined a field investigation with direct observation, UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) and Photogrammetry, and GIS (Geographic Information System) analysis of the field data. From this data, a 2D hydrodynamic simulation and sediment transport models were applied. The results show that the debris-flow ran beyond the first Sabo dam, with part of the material trapped on both sides of the gully. Afterwards, a central channel connected to sub-channels conveyed the diluted flow, most probably < 25 cm with maximum velocities between 4 to 5 m.s-1 at peak flow. Only the debris-flow phase went over the internal shoulders of the Sabo dam. A lobe occupies the top half of the study area and its deposition has been discussed to be related to the sudden widening of the gully, while the lower half is connected to the base-level created by the check dam.
Multi-temporal analysis of landslide susceptibility in the Greater Bogor Area and its relation to land use change and rainfall variation
Authors: Herdiansyah A R , Augustiawan A A , Abdullah A A A , Wijaya H , Muslim D , Asa M , Zahra R A
Published: March 2024

Landslide susceptibility in the Greater Bogor Area is a significant concern due to its hilly topography, soil types, and high rainfall. This research examines the geographical and temporal variations in landslide susceptibility and the relationship between land use change, rainfall, and landslide occurrence. Landsat 7 ETM+, CHIRPS, and DEM satellite data were used to simulate landslide susceptibility. The study used 2000, 2010, and 2020 data to examine land use and precipitation changes. The weighted overlay method created a landslide susceptibility model that considered precipitation, land use, slope, rock, and slope. The association between land use change, rainfall, and landslide susceptibility was examined using correlation analysis. According to the findings, the Greater Bogor Area is highly prone to landslides, with a growing tendency in landslide events. 22.48% of the area has a very high susceptibility classification to landslide; meanwhile, 66.46% has a high susceptibility classification. Moreover, this study also found that the land use factor correlates more positively with landslide susceptibility than the rainfall factor. Overall, this study underlines the need to take land use dynamics and rainfall patterns when assessing landslide susceptibility and the need for effective mitigation measures in the area.
Rainfall-induced Gravity Movement of the Unzen-Fugendake Volcanic Dome Analysis combining Ground-Radar Interferometry and XRAIN Rainfall radar system
Authors: Daikai R , Gomez C , Hotta N , Shinohara Y
Published: March 2024

Lava domes created by volcanoes often cause pyroclastic and debris flows, which have a significant impact on the surrounding infrastructure and population and have been the subject of much research. However, because volcanic domes tend not to survive the eruptions that form them, the instability of domes that survive eruptions such as Unzen Fugendake in Japan is both a poorly understood process and a danger. Therefore, the present contribution aims to (1) Displacement and precipitation from 2018 to 2020 for lava domes at Unzen volcano and their relationship to earthquakes, and (2) Haar wavelet analysis to understand the response of displacement to precipitation. The method is based on dome displacement from the Unzen Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar system and 48-hour rainfall from the MP radar rain gauge system. As a result, the authors confirmed the following: (1) precipitation of 150 mm or more in 48 hours tends to increase the vertical fluctuation of the dome, and even rainfall of less than 100 mm per 48 hours has a similar effect when it is repeated in an intensive manner; (2) After precipitation, major dome displacement can take days or weeks to occur, and is not instantaneous like the dome collapses in Soufriere and Merapi.
Cropland Conversion and Its Effect on Rice Production in Lampung Province, Indonesia
Authors: Dairina I , Harini R
Published: March 2024

Lampung Province is one of the national rice producers in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the patterns of cropland conversion, specifically rice fields, and available rice fields from 2013-2018 and to analyze the effects of two independent variables (rice field area and rice field conversion rate) on the dependent variable, i.e., total rice production. The conversion rate was calculated from 2013 to 2018, then categorized into three classes, and spatially mapped with rice field area and availability. Multiple regression tests were conducted to determine the relationship between the two independent variables. Results show that while rice fields were concentrated in Lampung Selatan, Lampung Tengah, and Lampung Timur, their conversion to non-agricultural lands was found throughout the province. Rice field areas increased in the north and east but shrunk in the south, west, and center. The statistical analysis revealed that rice field area, conservation rate, and their combination do not affect the amount of rice production in most regencies/cities in the province.
Impact of Rice Field Conversion on the Availability of Rice in Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province
Authors: Acintya R , Kinanthi H D , Kuncoro A B , Arifianto D , Nuswantara G R , Ardiaghaza R A , Raihani T E N B , Putri N A
Published: March 2024

The availability of agricultural land plays a critical role in addressing the food needs of the population. Population growth has led to the conversion of agricultural land, posing a significant threat to regional food security. Banyumas Regency, strategically located at the intersection of economic growth centers, has experienced substantial land conversion. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the conversion of rice fields and its impact on rice availability in Banyumas Regency. The data utilized in this research comprises secondary data spanning the period from 2012 to 2021. The analytical methods employed include assessing the rate of rice field conversion, evaluating food self-sufficiency levels, and conducting a multiple linear regression analysis to determine the combined influence of population and built-up area on rice field conversion. The results of the analysis reveal that when population and built-up land area are considered together, they account for 28% of land conversion. The conversion of agricultural land into non-rice fields results in a reduction of rice fields, negatively affecting rice availability and the food security of the population.
Validation of WRF Rainfall Model during the November 4th, 2021 Flash Flood Event in Batu City – Indonesia
Authors: Pratama I D , Nurjani E , Sekaranom A B
Published: March 2024

Flash floods in Batu City, Indonesia on November 4th, 2021, caused damage to property, agricultural land, settlements, death of livestock, and loss of human life. One of the important factors triggering this flash flood is heavy rainfall. This study aims to analyse the spatial and temporal dynamics of rainfall as a trigger for the event. Rainfall modelling was conducted using the WRF model with 2 microphysical schemes and 3 cumulus schemes. The data used is GFS data on October 30th, 2021, with a resolution of 0.25 x0.25 degrees which is used to predict rain events until November 4, 2021. Contingency table verification, RMSE value verification, and verification using tolerance limits are used to verify the results of modelling data based on BMKG observation data. The results of this study show that this model can predict rain and non-rain events very well. However, this model is not good enough to predict the thickness of rain until November 4, 2021. The best scheme in modelling rainfall is scheme 5 (Lin and Betts Miller Janjic). Scheme 5 has the smallest RMSE value of 77, the data fit is appropriate and the medium error rate in scheme 5 is 84%. Scheme 5 with GFS data input started from 02 November 2021 can record rain events on 04 November 2021 with extreme rain categories. This extreme rain is influenced by convective clouds. The temperature of the cloud tops changes significantly from 13.00 WIB to 14.00 local time, namely from −4 degrees, and decreases to −76 degrees Celsius.
GraphPath: a graph attention model for molecular stratification with interpretability based on the pathway–pathway interaction network
Authors: Ma Teng , Wang Jianxin
Published: March 2024

Motivation

Studying the molecular heterogeneity of cancer is essential for achieving personalized therapy. At the same time, understanding the biological processes that drive cancer development can lead to the identification of valuable therapeutic targets. Therefore, achieving accurate and interpretable clinical predictions requires paramount attention to thoroughly characterizing patients at both the molecular and biological pathway levels.

Results

Here, we present GraphPath, a biological knowledge-driven graph neural network with multi-head self-attention mechanism that implements the pathway–pathway interaction network. We train GraphPath to classify the cancer status of patients with prostate cancer based on their multi-omics profiling. Experiment results show that our method outperforms P-NET and other baseline methods. Besides, two external cohorts are used to validate that the model can be generalized to unseen samples with adequate predictive performance. We reduce the dimensionality of latent pathway embeddings and visualize corresponding classes to further demonstrate the optimal performance of the model. Additionally, since GraphPath’s predictions are interpretable, we identify target cancer-associated pathways that significantly contribute to the model’s predictions. Such a robust and interpretable model has the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of cancer’s biological mechanisms and accelerate the development of targeted therapies.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/amazingma/GraphPath.
A review of recent advances of kesterite thin films based on magnesium, iron and nickel for photovoltaic application: insights into synthesis, characterization and optoelectronic properties
Authors: Espinel Pérez Nelson Mauricio , Vera López Enrique , Gómez Cuaspud Jairo Alberto , Carda Castelló Juan Bautista
Published: March 2024

This review emphasizes the recent advancements and prospects of thin-film kesterite-based photovoltaic (PV) applications using magnesium, iron and nickel. The quest for novel materials employed in solar cells has resulted in incorporating these elements into the composition of kesterite as substitutes or modifiers (dopants) for zinc. This integration has induced notable repercussions on the structural, optoelectronics and morphological properties, which are reviewed. The first section of this paper offers a comprehensive review of the general characteristics of kesterite minerals. These crucial materials exhibit a high absorption coefficient (104 cm–1) and an optical band gap of 1.0–1.8 eV. Moreover, they are free of critical raw materials, non-toxic and sustainable. The second section depicts the substitution or modification of zinc by magnesium in kesterite. Additionally, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the quaternary and pentanary systems Cu2MgSn(S,Se)4 and Cu2Zn1–xMgxSnS4, highlighting their advantages and drawbacks. In the last section, a review of the quaternary or pentanary systems is conducted, namely Cu2ZnxFe1–xSnS4 and Cu2ZnxNi1–xSnS4, along with their effects on optoelectronic properties. In conclusion, various methods for obtaining modified or substituted kesterite materials using magnesium, iron and nickel have demonstrated sustainability, scalability for industrial production and potential candidacy as substitutes for conventional PV materials. The prospects for pentanary materials (Cu2Zn1‑xMgxSnS4, Cu2Zn1‑xFexSnS4 and Cu2Zn1‑xNixSnS4) are to overcome the efficiency record of kesterite reported in 2014, which was 12.6 % for Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4, and to enhance its optoelectronic properties through synthesis conditions that comply with the principles of green chemistry.
The prognostic value of visual and automatic coronary calcium scoring from low-dose computed tomography-[15O]-water positron emission tomography
Authors: Dobrolinska M M , Jukema R A , van Velzen S G M , van Diemen P A , Greuter M J W , Prakken N H J , van der Werf N R , Raijmakers P G , Slart R H J A , Knaapen P , Isgum I , Danad I
Published: March 2024

Aims

The study aimed, firstly, to validate automatically and visually scored coronary artery calcium (CAC) on low-dose computed tomography (CT) (LDCT) scans with a dedicated calcium scoring CT (CSCT) scan and, secondly, to assess the added value of CAC scored from LDCT scans acquired during [15O]-water-positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) on prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Methods and results

Five hundred seventy-two consecutive patients with suspected coronary artery disease, who underwent [15O]-water-PET MPI with LDCT and a dedicated CSCT scan were included. In the reference CSCT scans, manual CAC scoring was performed, while LDCT scans were scored visually and automatically using deep learning approach. Subsequently, based on CAC score results from CSCT and LDCT scans, each patient’s scan was assigned to one out of five cardiovascular risk groups (0, 1–100, 101–400, 401–1000, >1000), and the agreement in risk group classification between CSCT and LDCT scans was investigated. MACE was defined as a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and unstable angina. The agreement in risk group classification between reference CSCT manual scoring and visual/automatic LDCT scoring from LDCT was 0.66 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62–0.70] and 0.58 (95% CI: 0.53–0.62), respectively. Based on visual and automatic CAC scoring from LDCT scans, patients with CAC > 100 and CAC > 400, respectively, were at increased risk of MACE, independently of ischaemic information from the [15O]-water-PET scan.

Conclusion

There is a moderate agreement in risk classification between visual and automatic CAC scoring from LDCT and reference CSCT scans. Visual and automatic CAC scoring from LDCT scans improve identification of patients at higher risk of MACE.
Feasibility of tracheal reconstruction using silicone-stented aortic allografts
Authors: Wei Shixiong , Zhang Yiyuan , Luo Feixiang , Duan Kexing , Li Mingqian , Lv Guoyue
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES

Tracheal reconstruction post-extensive resection remains an unresolved challenge in thoracic surgery. This study evaluates the use of aortic allografts (AAs) for tracheal replacement and reconstruction in a rat model, aiming to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of tracheal regeneration.

METHODS

AAs from female rats were employed for tracheal reconstruction in 36 male rats, with the replacement exceeding half of the tracheal length. To avert collapse, silicone stents were inserted into the AA lumens. No immunosuppressive therapy was administered. The rats were euthanized biweekly, and the AAs were examined for neovascularization, cartilage formation, respiratory epithelial ingrowth, submucosal gland regeneration and the presence of the Sex-determining region of Y-chromosome (SRY) gene.

RESULTS

All procedures were successfully completed without severe complications. The AA segments were effectively integrated into the tracheal framework, with seamless distinction at suture lines. Histological analysis indicated an initial inflammatory response, followed by the development of squamous and mucociliary epithelia, new cartilage ring formation and gland regeneration. In situ hybridization identified the presence of the SRY gene in newly formed cartilage rings, confirming that regeneration was driven by recipient cells.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the feasibility of AAs transforming into functional tracheal conduits, replicating the main structural and functional characteristics of the native trachea. The findings indicate that this approach offers a novel pathway for tissue regeneration and holds potential for treating extensive tracheal injuries.
Thorax support vest to prevent sternal wound infections in cardiac surgery patients—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Caldonazo Tulio , Dell’Aquila Michele , Cancelli Gianmarco , Harik Lamia , Soletti Giovanni Jr , Fischer Johannes , Kirov Hristo , Rahouma Mohamed , Ibrahim Mudathir , Demetres Michelle , An Kevin R , Girardi Leonard , Doenst Torsten , Gaudino Mario
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES

Midline sternotomy is the main surgical access for cardiac surgeries. The most prominent complication of sternotomy is sternal wound infection (SWI). The use of a thorax support vest (TSV) that limits thorax movement and ensures sternal stability has been suggested to prevent postoperative SWI.

METHODS

We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate differences in clinical outcomes with and without the use of TSV after cardiac surgery in randomized trials. The primary outcome was deep SWI (DSWI). Secondary outcomes were superficial SWI, sternal wound dehiscence, and hospital length of stay (LOS). A trial sequential analysis was performed. Fixed (F) and random effects (R) models were calculated.

RESULTS

A total of 4 studies (3820 patients) were included. Patients who wore the TSV had lower incidence of DSWI [odds ratio (OR) = F: 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.13–0.43, P < 0.01; R: 0.24, 0.04–1.59, P = 0.08], sternal wound dehiscence (OR = F: 0.08, 95% CI, 0.02–0.27, P < 0.01; R: 0.10, 0.00–2.20, P = 0.08) and shorter hospital LOS (standardized mean difference = F: −0.30, −0.37 to −0.24, P < 0.01; R: −0.63, −1.29 to 0.02, P = 0.15). There was no difference regarding the incidence of superficial SWI (OR = F: 0.71, 95% CI, 0.34–1.47, P = 0.35; R: 0.64, 0.10, 4.26, P = 0.42). The trial sequential analysis, however, showed that the observed decrease in DSWI in the TSV arm cannot be considered conclusive based on the existing evidence.

CONCLUSIONS

This meta-analysis suggests that the use of a TSV after cardiac surgery could potentially be associated with a reduction in sternal wound complications. However, despite the significant treatment effect in the available studies, the evidence is not solid enough to provide strong practice recommendations.
Development of Certified Reference Material Solutions for Phytochemicals in Ginger and Kava
Authors: Aijaz Sarah M , Ruan Zoe , Leija Christopher , Lytwak Lauren A , Waddell Shelby , Kuszak Adam J , Wise Stephen A , Sreenivasan Uma
Published: March 2024

Background

Dietary supplements derived from botanicals are commonly consumed and investigated in biomedical studies for their potential health benefits. Accurate identification and quantification of key chemical constituents from botanical ingredients is necessary for consistent product preparations and reproducible research results. Manufacturers need quantitative reference materials of the chemical constituents of interest to verify the content of ingredients and products. The rigor and reproducibility of biomedical research is enhanced through thorough characterization of the interventions used in mechanistic, clinical, and safety investigations. Quantitative reference materials enable reliable product quality assessments and reproducible research results.

Objective

Solution-based certified reference material (CRM) mixes were developed as calibrants for phytochemicals in ginger and kava. The kava CRM contained yangonin, desmethoxyyangonin, dihydrokavain, DL-kavain, methysticin, dihydromethysticin, flavokawain A, flavokawain B, and flavokawain C. The ginger CRM contained 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 8-shogaol, and 10-shogaol.

Methods

Each phytochemical was sourced as an isolated compound and assigned a purity factor by a mass balance approach accounting for residual impurities. The solution standard mixes were formulated by gravimetric addition of each phytochemical incorporating the purity factor and diluting with acetonitrile to the target concentrations of 500 µg/mL for the gingerols and shogaols, 250 µg/mL for the kavalactones, and 25 µg/mL for the flavokawains.

Results

The concentration accuracy of each component in the solution mixes was analytically verified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (UHPLC–UV) assay comparison to an independently prepared calibration solution. Each component in the ginger and kava CRMs were within 5 and 7% of the target concentrations, respectively.

Conclusion

Homogeneous kava and ginger phytochemical solution mixes were produced with accurate constituent concentrations and demonstrated good stability over 2 years. These solution mixes were launched as commercially available CRMs.

Highlights

These mixes can be used as accurate concentration stock solutions to prepare calibrators and controls for botanical dietary supplement product testing and standardization.
TEDNet: Twin Encoder Decoder Neural Network for 2D Camera and LiDAR Road Detection
Authors: Bayón-Gutiérrez Martín , García-Ordás María Teresa , Alaiz Moretón Héctor , Aveleira-Mata Jose , Rubio-Martín Sergio , Benítez-Andrades José Alberto
Published: March 2024

Robust road surface estimation is required for autonomous ground vehicles to navigate safely. Despite it becoming one of the main targets for autonomous mobility researchers in recent years, it is still an open problem in which cameras and LiDAR sensors have demonstrated to be adequate to predict the position, size and shape of the road a vehicle is driving on in different environments. In this work, a novel Convolutional Neural Network model is proposed for the accurate estimation of the roadway surface. Furthermore, an ablation study has been conducted to investigate how different encoding strategies affect model performance, testing 6 slightly different neural network architectures. Our model is based on the use of a Twin Encoder–Decoder Neural Network (TEDNet) for independent camera and LiDAR feature extraction and has been trained and evaluated on the Kitti–Road dataset. Bird’s Eye View projections of the camera and LiDAR data are used in this model to perform semantic segmentation on whether each pixel belongs to the road surface. The proposed method performs among other state-of-the-art methods and operates at the same frame rate as the LiDAR and cameras, so it is adequate for its use in real-time applications.
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and breast cancer mortality in racially and ethnically diverse participants of the Northern California Breast Cancer Family Registry
Authors: Ransohoff Julia D , Miller Iain , Koo Jocelyn , Joshi Vishal , Kurian Allison W , Allison Kimberly H , John Esther M , Telli Melinda L
Published: March 2024

Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (sTIL) enrichment in pretreatment breast tumors has been associated with superior response to neoadjuvant treatment and survival. In a population-based cohort, we studied sTIL-survival associations by race and ethnicity. We assessed associations of continuous sTIL scores and sTIL-enriched breast cancers (defined as percent lymphocytic infiltration of tumor stroma or cell nests at cutoffs of 30%, 50%, and 70%) with clinical and epidemiologic characteristics and conducted multivariable survival analyses. Although we identified no difference in sTIL score by race and ethnicity, higher continuous sTIL score was associated with lower breast cancer–specific mortality only among non-Hispanic White and Asian American but not African American and Hispanic women. This finding suggests that complex factors influence treatment response and survival, given that sTIL enrichment was not associated with a survival advantage among women from minoritized groups, who more often experience health disparities. Further study of patient selection for sTIL-guided treatment strategies is warranted.
New approach methodologies (NAMs): identifying and overcoming hurdles to accelerated adoption
Authors: Sewell Fiona , Alexander-White Camilla , Brescia Susy , Currie Richard A , Roberts Ruth , Roper Clive , Vickers Catherine , Westmoreland Carl , Kimber Ian
Published: March 2024

New approach methodologies (NAMs) can deliver improved chemical safety assessment through the provision of more protective and/or relevant models that have a reduced reliance on animals. Despite the widely acknowledged benefits offered by NAMs, there continue to be barriers that prevent or limit their application for decision-making in chemical safety assessment. These include barriers related to real and perceived scientific, technical, legislative and economic issues, as well as cultural and societal obstacles that may relate to inertia, familiarity, and comfort with established methods, and perceptions around regulatory expectations and acceptance. This article focuses on chemical safety science, exposure, hazard, and risk assessment, and explores the nature of these barriers and how they can be overcome to drive the wider exploitation and acceptance of NAMs. Short-, mid- and longer-term goals are outlined that embrace the opportunities provided by NAMs to deliver improved protection of human health and environmental security as part of a new paradigm that incorporates exposure science and a culture that promotes the use of protective toxicological risk assessments.
Androgenic steroids induce pathologic scarring in a preclinical porcine model via dysfunctional extracellular matrix deposition
Authors: Reiche Erik , Keller Patrick R. , Soares Vance , Schuster Calvin R. , Rahmayanti Siti , Mroueh Jessica , Mroueh Vanessa , Billaud Marie , Hu Sophia , Hoover‐Watson Hunter , Lian Christine G. , Tan Yu , Doloff Joshua C. , Newell‐Fugate Annie E. , Coon Devin
Published: March 2024

Hypertrophic scarring is a major source of morbidity. Sex hormones are not classically considered modulators of scarring. However, based on increased frequency of hypertrophic scarring in patients on testosterone, we hypothesized that androgenic steroids induce abnormal scarring and developed a preclinical porcine model to explore these effects. Mini‐swine underwent castration, received no testosterone (noT) or biweekly testosterone therapy (+T), and underwent excisional wounding. To create a delayed wound healing model, a subset of wounds were re‐excised at 2 weeks. Scars from postoperative day 42 (POD42) and delayed wounds (POD28) were harvested 6 weeks after initial wounding for analysis via histology, bulk RNA‐seq, and mechanical testing. Histologic analysis of scars from +T animals showed increased mean fibrosis area (16 mm2noT, 28 mm2+T; p = .007) and thickness (0.246 mm2noT, 0.406 mm2+T; p < .001) compared to noT. XX+T and XY+T scars had greater tensile burst strength (p = .024 and p = .013, respectively) compared to noT swine. Color deconvolution analysis revealed greater deposition of type I and type III collagen as well as increased collagen type I:III ratio in +T scars. Dermatopathologist histology scoring showed that +T exposure was associated with worse overall scarring (p < .05). Gene ontology analysis found that testosterone exposure was associated with upregulation of cellular metabolism and immune response gene sets, while testosterone upregulated pathways related to keratinization and laminin formation on pathway analysis. In conclusion, we developed a preclinical porcine model to study the effects of the sex hormone testosterone on scarring. Testosterone induces increased scar tissue deposition and appears to increase physical strength of scars via supraphysiologic deposition of collagen and other ECM factors. The increased burst strength seen in both XX and XY animals suggests that hormone administration has a strong influence on scar mechanical properties independent of chromosomal sex. Anti‐androgen topical therapies may be a promising future area of research.
Precision allergy molecular diagnosis applications in food allergy
Authors: Sato Sakura , Ebisawa Motohiro
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review

Precision medicine has become important in the diagnosis and management of food allergies. This review summarizes the latest information regarding molecular allergology, an essential component of food allergy managements

Recent findings

Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) can be used to investigate sensitization to allergens based on symptoms and to reveal co-sensitization and/or cross-sensitization in patients with allergies. The following allergen components are known to be associated with symptoms: ovomucoid from eggs, omega-5 gliadin from wheat, and many storage proteins (Gly m 8 from soy, Ara h 2 from peanut, Cor a 14 from hazelnut, Ana o 3 from cashew nut, Jug r 1 from walnut, and Ses i 1 from sesame). Recent studies on allergens of macadamia nuts (Mac i 1 and Mac i 2), almonds (Pru du 6), fish (parvalbumin and collagen), and shrimp (Pem m 1 and Pem m 14) have provided additional information regarding CRD. In addition, Pru p 7 is a risk factor for systemic reactions to peaches and has recently been found to cross-react with cypress and Japanese cedar pollen.

CRD provides information of individualized sensitization profiles related to symptoms and severity of allergies in patients. Clinical practice based on CRD offers many benefits, such as higher diagnostic accuracy and improved management of individual patients.