bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF SURFACE TREATMENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLAX-BASED FIBER COMPOSITE
Authors: PALANIAPPAN MURUGESAN
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the potential of natural fibers, commonly used as cost-effective fillers in the plastic industry, as replacements for glass fibers in composite materials. Despite their advantages, these natural fibers possess a strong polar nature, causing compatibility issues with certain thermoplastic platforms, particularly aromatic compounds. Surface-level treatments, though not cost-effective, offer a solution to this issue. This research focuses on optimizing and qualifying two treatment methods, the acetyl method and stearic treatment, applied to two types of flax fibers: long and short. Examining variables such as temperature, treatment duration, and compound recovery, this study employed diffraction and gas chromatography techniques to evaluate treated and untreated fibers. Results revealed that both treatments effectively reduced non-crystalline segments within the fibers, altering surface topography. Notably, the acetyl method increased fiber surface energy, while the stearic treatment decreased it. These findings underscore the significant impact of the acetyl method and stearic treatment on modifying fiber properties, particularly surface characteristics and energy levels. The study sheds light on the potential applications of these treatments in enhancing the compatibility of natural fibers with thermoplastic platforms, despite their inherent polarity. Incorporating visuals depicting the treatment processes would further enrich the study’s authenticity and engagement, providing a tangible representation of the methods employed.
Dual gas sensor based on anti-resonant hollow-core fiber for detection of CO2 and CH4 with different absorption lines
Authors: Arman Hassan , Olyaee Saeed , Seifouri Mahmood
Published: January 2024

The simultaneous detection of a mixture of two gases with the aid of unique and excellent capabilities of anti-resonance hollow-core fibers (AR-HCF), is numerically investigated in this article. Low-loss transmission bands in near and mid-infrared, which correspond to the transition of methane (CH[Formula: see text] and carbon dioxide (CO[Formula: see text], are considered in this work. Reasonable consideration of structural parameters has caused the low-loss transmission band covering 1.57 [Formula: see text]m and 3.33 [Formula: see text]m wavelengths. The second harmonics caused by the interaction of the laser beam and the gas sample inside the hollow core of the fiber were analyzed utilizing the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method. The maximum amplitude for the corresponding frequency at the determined concentration has reached 3002 [Formula: see text] for CH4 and 6381 [Formula: see text] for CO2. Enhancement of the inhibited coupling between the fundamental mode and some of the cladding modes and leakage loss reduction, extra capillary tubes nested inside the silica tubes forming the fiber cladding. The simulation results confirm the suitability of the proposed structure for efficient utilization in gas sensing applications for two different spectral ranges in the near and mid-infrared. Benefiting from a large hollow core, very low background noise and anti-resonance properties, high sensitivity of about 99.6% and confinement loss of 0.127 dB/m were obtained.
STRUCTURAL INSULATORS AND PROMOTORS IN NETWORKS UNDER GENERIC PROBLEM-SOLVING DYNAMICS
Authors: FALK JOHANNES , EICHLER EDWIN , WINDT KATJA , HÜTT MARC-THORSTEN
Published: January 2024

The collective coordination of distributed tasks in a complex system can be represented as decision dynamics on a graph. This abstract representation allows studying the performance of local decision heuristics as a function of task complexity and network architecture. Here, we identify hard-to-solve and easy-to-solve networks in a social differentiation task within the basic model of small-world graphs. We show that, depending on the details of the decision heuristic as well as the length of the added links, shortcuts can serve as structural promotors, which speed up convergence toward a solution, but also as structural insulators, which make the network more difficult to solve. Our findings have implications for situations where, in distributed decision systems, regional solutions emerge, which are globally incompatible as, for example, during the emergence of technological standards.
Morse homology for perturbed Dirac-harmonic maps into flat tori
Authors: Isobe Takeshi
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we consider Morse theory for perturbed Dirac-harmonic maps into flat tori. We show that Morse homology can be defined for some classes of perturbations, and that it is determined by a homotopy type of the perturbations. We also give an explicit computation of the homology. As an application, we give a lower bound on the number of perturbed Dirac-harmonic maps in a given component for some classes of perturbations.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION INEQUALITY IN CHINA
Authors: CHEN DENGKE , CHEN SHIYI , JIN HAO
Published: January 2024

Based on the micro-data of China’s Urban Household Survey, this paper investigates the impact of climate change on household electricity consumption inequality by using a two-way fixed effect model. The result reveals that households are more likely to purchase air conditioning (AC) and consume more electricity in response to extreme weather shocks. Furthermore, it is observed that high-income households are better equipped to mitigate the negative effects of extreme weather, as they possess a larger proportion of AC units and are more likely to acquire new ones to cope with extremely high temperatures. Finally, the study finds that extreme weather shocks exacerbate inequality in household electricity consumption.
Extended Applications of the δ-SPH Model for the Numerical Study of Fluid–Soil Interactions
Authors: Zhan Zi-Yang , Sun Peng-Nan , Huang Xiao-Ting
Published: January 2024

The fluid–soil interactions play a significant role in coastal and ocean engineering applications. However, there are still some complex mechanical problems with large deformations of water–soil interfaces to be solved. As a particle-based Lagrangian method, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is good at solving multiphase problems with large deformations of boundaries or interfaces. Therefore, in this work, the [Formula: see text]-SPH method is extended for the simulation of fluid–soil interacting problems. First, based on the weakly compressible assumption, the water is modeled as a viscous fluid while the soil is considered as a material with elastic–perfectly plastic behaviors. The [Formula: see text]-SPH method is implemented on the two phases separately, while the stress diffusive term only acts on the soil. The seepage force is introduced to model the interaction between two phases. After that, several numerical test cases with small to large interface deformations are presented. It is shown that the fluid–soil interacting model based on the [Formula: see text]-SPH model gives satisfying results compared with experimental data. Finally, the model is further extended for the simulation of vertical or oblique water jet scouring problems which demonstrates the potential applications of the SPH model for complex engineering problems.
Interaction of surface processes and crustal flow in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis
Authors: Li Guangwei , Yang Haibin , Sandiford Mike , Kohn Barry , Xu Zhiqin , Dong Hanwen , Cai Dongxu
Published: January 2024

The syntaxes at the eastern and western ends of the Himalaya located in the Tsangpo and Indus gorge regions provide examples of the interplay between tectonics and erosion. A previous borehole study along the Yarlung River in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS) revealed an ∼1 km thick sedimentary wedge upstream of the Tsangpo gorge with a >2.5 Ma depositional age. However, the mechanism of formation of this sedimentary wedge remains under debate. Here, we combine low-temperature thermochronology data and thermomechanical modelling to discuss how a sedimentary wedge formed at the highly eroded EHS. Our low-temperature thermochronology results show late Miocene fast cooling episodes focused at the Gyaca and Tsangpo gorges, which are interpreted to be related to coeval rifting at the former and rapid erosion and hot-crust upwelling at the latter. Constrained by the geological and geophysical observations, we apply thermomechanical models to illustrate the mechanism of formation of the sedimentary wedge and present high relief of the EHS. The numerical geodynamic model shows that localized erosion triggers middle ‘crust extrusion’ and regional topographic adjustment at the EHS.

Supplementary material
: Supplementary figures and tables are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7008098

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics, landscape and climate change collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/mesozoic-and-cenozoic-tectonics-landscape-and-climate-change
Magnetic fabric of Ocean Plate Stratigraphy mélanges: a tool for unravelling protracted histories of oceanic plates from seafloor spreading to tectonic emplacement into accretionary wedges
Authors: Pellerey Lucia , Žák Jiří , Tomek Filip , Festa Andrea
Published: January 2024

Multiple magnetic fabrics, referred to as F1–F5, were revealed through the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility in an Ocean Plate Stratigraphy (OPS) mélange of the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian Blovice accretionary complex, Bohemian Massif. The fabrics post-date the formation of the mélange and the rotation of basalt blocks within the matrix and are interpreted in terms of a complex structural history of the mélange. Excluding local fabrics, the F1 fabric formed earlier along the mélange belt, recording shortening of the accretionary wedge front, whereas the higher grade F4 fabric pervasively overprinted both blocks and matrix in the SW part of the belt, recording shearing and vertical shortening at deeper structural levels closer to a megathrust surface. The preservation of angular relationships between the F1 and F4 fabrics across different parts of the mélange suggests that the blocks were only strained and not rotated during deformation, exemplifying the notion that the OPS mélanges may be a product of deformation at very shallow levels. The F1–F5 fabrics may be viewed as snapshots in a protracted evolution of OPS, where the earlier fabrics in basalt blocks may record the travel path of an oceanic plate from mid-ocean ridge towards the trench, before being overprinted in the accretionary wedge.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Ophiolites, melanges and blueschists collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/ophiolites-melanges-and-blueschists

Supplementary material:
Thin-section photomicrographs, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data and summary diagrams for magnetic fabric types are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7008173
Coherent underplating of HP–LT blueschist packages and basement during Hellenic subduction recorded by zircon U–Pb data, Pelion, Greece
Authors: Hinshaw Emily R. , Stockli Daniel F. , Soukis Konstantinos
Published: January 2024

Studies of HP–LT metamorphic complexes are crucial in advancing our understanding of subduction processes, such as underplating, metamorphism and exhumation. Detailed new U–Pb zircon data of blueschist facies metasedimentary units at Pelion indicate two distinct stratigraphically upright and coherent structural slices: (1) the South Pelion slice consisting of strata with Permian–Late Cretaceous zircon maximum depositional ages; and (2) the North Pelion slice consisting of strata with Triassic–Late Cretaceous zircon maximum depositional ages. Both slices have Late Cretaceous strata at the top of the section with cosmopolitan detrital zircon signatures. The ages from zircon U–Pb rim overgrowths correlate with existing constraints from subduction metamorphism during the Paleocene–Eocene, with a possible second stage recorded during basal underplating in the Late Eocene–Oligocene. Detrital zircon provenance data and multi-dimensional scaling comparisons demonstrate a tectono-metamorphic linkage between the Pelion rocks and the Cycladic Blueschist Unit, and between the southern Pelion basement and the Cycladic basement. Protolith deposition for Pelion blueschist facies rocks occurred during Permo-Carboniferous intra-arc extension and Adria–Pindos rifting. Our results show that the Pelion blueschist facies rocks, representing lateral equivalents of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit, consist of two separate, coherent upper crustal slivers that were underplated and metamorphosed during Hellenic subduction beneath the Pelagonian margin.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Ophiolites, melanges and blueschists collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/ophiolites-melanges-and-blueschists

Supplementary material:
Detailed methodology, further provenance and maximum depositional age methods and descriptions, sample location coordinates (Supplementary Table 1), and zircon U–Pb data (Supplementary Table 2). These data are available at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8300635
and
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7008123
DeFi Survival Analysis: Insights Into the Emerging Decentralized Financial Ecosystem
Authors: Green Aaron M. , Giannattasio Michael P. , Erickson John S. , Seneviratne Oshani , Bennett Kristin P.
Published: January 2024

We propose a survival analysis approach for discovering and characterizing user behavior and risks for lending protocols in decentralized finance (DeFi). We demonstrate how to gather and prepare DeFi transaction data for survival analysis. We illustrate our approach using transactions in Aave, one of the largest lending protocols. We develop a DeFi survival analysis pipeline that first prepares transaction data for survival analysis through the selection of different index events (or transactions) and associated outcome events. Then we apply survival analysis statistical and visualization methods modified for competing risks when appropriate, such as Kaplan–Meier survival curves, cumulative incidence functions, Cox hazard regression, and Fine-Gray models for sub-distribution hazards to gain insights into usage patterns and risks within the protocol. We show how, by varying the index and outcome events as well as covariates, we can use DeFi survival analysis to answer questions like “How does loan size affect the repayment schedule of the loan?”; “How does loan size affect the likelihood that an account gets liquidated?”; “How does user behavior vary between Aave markets?”; “How has user behavior in Aave varied from quarter to quarter?” The proposed DeFi survival analysis can easily be generalized to other DeFi lending protocols. By defining appropriate index and outcome events, DeFi survival analysis can be applied to any cryptocurrency protocol with transactions.
Reproducibility Report for the Article:
Parallel Simulation of Quantum Networks with Distributed Quantum State Management
Authors: Piccione Andrea
Published: January 2024

The examined article introduces a parallel version of SeQUeNCe, a Discrete Event Simulator for quantum networks. The authors have deposited their artifact on Zenodo, meeting the criteria for long-term preservation required by the
Artifacts Available
badge. The software within the artifact functions correctly with minor adjustments, aligning with the article’s relevance and earning the
Artifacts Evaluated—Functional
badge. Additionally, due to the reasonable quality and customizability of the artifact, the
Artifacts Evaluated—Reusable
badge has also been awarded. The authors didn’t request the
Artifacts Evaluated—Reproduced
badge and they did not include the scripts used to generate and display their experimental results. As a result, it has not been possible to replicate the results published in their article.
Backdozer: A Backdoor Detection Methodology for DRL-based Traffic Controllers
Authors: Wang Yue , Li Wenqing , Alam Manaar , Maniatakos Michail , Jabari Saif Eddin
Published: January 2024

While the advent of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has substantially improved the efficiency of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), it makes them vulnerable to
backdoor attacks
that can potentially cause traffic congestion or even collisions. Backdoor functionality is typically implanted by poisoning training datasets with stealthy malicious data, designed to preserve high accuracy on legitimate inputs while inducing desired misclassifications for specific adversary-selected inputs. Existing countermeasures against backdoors predominantly concentrate on image classification, utilizing image-based properties, rendering these methods inapplicable to the regression tasks of DRL-based AV controllers that rely on continuous sensor data as inputs. In this article, we introduce the first-ever defense against backdoors on regression tasks of DRL-based models, called
Backdozer
. Our method systematically extracts more abstract features from representations of training data by projecting them into a specific
latent subspace
and segregating them into several disjoint groups based on the distribution of legitimate outputs. The key observation of
Backdozer
 is that authentic representations for each group reside in one latent subspace, whereas the incorporation of malicious data impacts that subspace.
Backdozer
 optimizes a sample-wise weight vector for the representations capturing the disparities in projections originating from different groups. We experimentally demonstrate that
Backdozer
 can attain 100% accuracy in detecting backdoors. We also evaluate its effectiveness against three closely related state-of-the-art defenses.
Use of Three-Terminal Impedance Spectroscopy to Characterize Sodium-Ion Batteries at Various Stages of Cycle Life
Authors: Middlemiss Laurence A. , Rennie Anthony J. R. , Sayers Ruth , West Anthony R.
Published: January 2024

The use of 3-terminal measurements to separate different impedance components of a prototype sodium-ion battery is outlined. By addition of a sodium metal reference electrode, the two electrode-electrolyte interfaces can be measured separately and changes monitored at various stages of battery cycle life. The impedance of a freshly-constructed cell is dominated by the blocking capacitance of the anode-electrolyte interface and the charge-transfer resistance at the cathode-electrolyte interface. The variation of these components during charge and discharge cycling provide a method to monitor evolution of cell performance.
Activation of the alternative complement pathway modulates inflammation in thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection
Authors: Piao Chunmei , Zhang Wen-Mei , Deng Jing , Zhou Mei , Liu Ting-Ting , Zheng Shuai , Jia Li-Xin , Song Wen-Chao , Liu Yan , Du Jie
Published: January 2024

The alternative complement pathway promoted the development of TAAD by recruiting infiltrating inflammatory cells. Targeting the alternative pathway may thus constitute a strategy for preventing the development of TAAD.
Ketone bodies as chemical signals for the immune system
Authors: Gonzatti Michelangelo B. , Goldberg Emily L.
Published: January 2024

Ketone bodies are short-chain fatty acids produced by the liver during periods of limited glucose availability, such as during fasting or low carbohydrate feeding. Recent studies have highlighted important nonmetabolic functions of the most abundant ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Notably, many of these functions, including limiting specific sources of inflammation, histone deacetylase inhibition, NFκB inhibition, and GPCR stimulation, are particularly important to consider in immune cells. Likewise, dietary manipulations like caloric restriction or ketogenic diet feeding have been associated with lowered inflammation, improved health outcomes, and improved host defense against infection. However, the underlying mechanisms of the broad benefits of ketosis remain incompletely understood. In this Perspective, we contextualize the current state of the field of nonmetabolic functions of ketone bodies specifically in the immune system and speculate on the molecular explanations and broader physiological significance.
Pyroptosis in health and disease
Authors: Imre Gergely
Published: January 2024

The field of cell death has witnessed significant advancements since the initial discovery of apoptosis in the 1970s. This review delves into the intricacies of pyroptosis, a more recently identified form of regulated, lytic cell death, and explores the roles of pyroptotic effector molecules, with a strong emphasis on their mechanisms and relevance in various diseases. Pyroptosis, characterized by its proinflammatory nature, is driven by the accumulation of large plasma membrane pores comprised of gasdermin family protein subunits. In different contexts of cellular homeostatic perturbations, infections, and tissue damage, proteases, such as caspase-1 and caspase-4/5, play pivotal roles in pyroptosis by cleaving gasdermins. Gasdermin-D (GSDMD), the most extensively studied member of the gasdermin protein family, is expressed in various immune cells and certain epithelial cells. Upon cleavage by caspases, GSDMD oligomerizes and forms transmembrane pores in the cell membrane, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines. GSDMD-N, the NH2-terminal fragment, displays an affinity for specific lipids, contributing to its role in pore formation in pyroptosis. While GSDMD is the primary focus, other gasdermin family members are also discussed in detail. These proteins exhibit distinct tissue-specific functions and contribute to different facets of cell death regulation. Additionally, genetic variations in some gasdermins have been linked to diseases, underscoring their clinical relevance. Furthermore, the interplay between GSDM pores and the activation of other effectors, such as ninjurin-1, is elucidated, providing insights into the complexity of pyroptosis regulation. The findings underscore the molecular mechanisms that govern pyroptosis and its implications for various physiological and pathological processes.
The complex heterogeneity of immune cell signatures across wasting tissues with C26 and 5-fluorouracil-induced cachexia
Authors: VanderVeen Brandon N. , Cardaci Thomas D. , Bullard Brooke M. , Huss Alexander R. , McDonald Sierra J. , Muhammed Ahmed D. , Kubinak Jason L. , Fan Daping , Murphy E. Angela
Published: January 2024

Despite being an immune-driven condition, our understanding of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue immune cells with cachexia is limited. Here, we identified immune cell populations in tumors, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue in C26 tumor-bearing mice with/without 5-fluorouracil (5FU). C26 and C26 + 5FU had increased skeletal muscle profibrotic macrophages, but 5FU reduced inflammatory myeloid cells without sparing mass. Tumor presence and chemotherapy have contrasting effects on certain immune cells, which appeared not necessary for wasting.
Mast-cell expressed membrane protein-1 is expressed in classical monocytes and alveolar macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and regulates cell chemotaxis, adhesion, and migration in a TGFβ-dependent manner
Authors: Perrot Carole Y. , Karampitsakos Theodoros , Unterman Avraham , Adams Taylor , Marlin Krystin , Arsenault Alyssa , Zhao Amy , Kaminski Naftali , Katlaps Gundars , Patel Kapilkumar , Bandyopadhyay Debabrata , Herazo-Maya Jose D.
Published: January 2024

MCEMP1 is highly expressed in circulating classical monocytes and alveolar macrophages in IPF, is regulated by TGFβ, and participates in the chemotaxis, adhesion, and migration of circulating monocytes by modulating the effect of TGFβ in RHO activity.
Stretch response of the mechano-gated channel TMEM63A in membrane patches and single cells
Authors: Niloy Sayeman Islam , Strege Peter R. , Hannan Elizabeth C. , Cowan Luke M. , Linsenmeier Fabian , Friedrich Oliver , Farrugia Gianrico , Beyder Arthur
Published: January 2024

TMEM63A has biophysical features distinctive for mechano-gated cation channels, but some properties are less clear, including no functional information in whole cells. We report that pressure-dependent yet voltage-independent TMEM63A currents in cell membrane patches correlated with cell size. In addition, radial stretch of whole cells on flexible membranes increased the [Ca2+]i responses more in TMEM63A-transfected cells. Inward TMEM63A currents in response to high stretch can depolarize plasma membranes and contribute to a sustained [Ca2+]i increase.
Predicting myosin heavy chain isoform from postdissection fiber length in human skeletal muscle fibers
Authors: Privett Grace E. , Ricci Austin W. , Ortiz-Delatorre Julissa , Callahan Damien M.
Published: January 2024

A priori estimation of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform in individual muscle fibers may bias the relative abundance of fiber types in subsequent assessment. Until now, no standardized assessment approach has been proposed to characterize fibers at the time of dissection. We demonstrate an approach based on normalized fiber length that may dramatically bias a sample toward slow twitch (MHC I) or fast twitch (not MHC I) fiber populations.
Combined effects of mild hypothermia and nitrous-oxide-induced narcosis on manual and cognitive performance
Authors: Moes Maaike I. , Elia Antonis , Gennser Mikael , Keramidas Michail E.
Published: January 2024

Divers are at enhanced risk of suffering from acute cognitive deterioration because of the low ambient temperatures and the narcotic action of inert gases inspired at high pressures. Yet, the behavioral effects of cold and inert gas narcosis have commonly been assessed in isolation and during short-term provocations. We therefore evaluated the interactive influence of mild hypothermia and narcosis engendered by a subanesthetic dose of nitrous oxide (N2O; a normobaric intervention analog of hyperbaric nitrogen) on cognitive function during prolonged iterative exposure. Fourteen men partook in two ∼12-h sessions (separated by ≥4 days), wherein they performed sequentially three 120-min cold (20°C) water immersions (CWIs), while inhaling, in a single-blinded manner, either normal air or a normoxic gas mixture containing 30% N2O. CWIs were separated by a 120-min rewarming in room-air breathing conditions. Before the first CWI and during each CWI, subjects performed a finger dexterity test, and the Spaceflight Cognitive Assessment Tool for Windows (WinSCAT) test assessing aspects of attention, memory, learning, and visuospatial ability. Rectal and skin temperatures were, on average, reduced by ∼1.2 °C and ∼8 °C, respectively ( P < 0.001). Cooling per se impaired ( P ≤ 0.01) only short-term memory (∼37%) and learning (∼18%); the impairments were limited to the first CWI. N2O also attenuated ( P ≤ 0.02) short-term memory (∼37%) and learning (∼35%), but the reductions occurred in all CWIs. Furthermore, N2O invariably compromised finger dexterity, attention, concentration, working memory, and spatial processing ( P < 0.05). The present results demonstrate that inert gas narcosis aggravates, in a persistent manner, basic and higher-order cognitive abilities during protracted cold exposure.
The VP1 Protein of Porcine Teschovirus Inhibits the Innate Immune Response to Viral Infection by Blocking MDA5 Activation
Authors: Li Yuying , Zhang Xinyu , Zhao Baopeng , Zhao Chenchen , Lei Xiaoxiao , Huang Haixin , Li Chengkai , Zheng Min , Lan Tian , Sun Wenchao , Lu HuiJun
Published: January 2024

Porcine teschovirus (PTV) can cause reproductive dysfunction and respiratory diseases, with high mortality rates for sick pigs. Among Picornaviridae family virus‐encoded proteins, the VP1 structural protein is critical for viral immune evasion. However, whether PTV VP1 inhibits the type I interferon (IFN) response remains unknown. Here, it shows that the PTV VP1 protein significantly hinders the activation of NF‐κB, impairing Sendai virus‐induced expression of beta IFN (IFN‐β). Further studies revealed that VP1 targets and interacts with the MDA5 factor in the RIG‐I like receptors pathway. More importantly, the VP1 protein interacts with the caspase activation and recruitment domain and Hel domains of MDA5, blocking IFN‐β expression. Our findings provide evidence about the VP1 protein of PTV hinders MDA5 activation and may represent a viral mechanism to escape the innate immune response.
Modeling and Analysis of an Age-Structured Malaria Model in the Sense of Atangana–Baleanu Fractional Operators
Authors: Menbiko Dawit Kechine , Deressa Chernet Tuge
Published: January 2024

In this paper, integer- and fractional-order models are discussed to investigate the dynamics of malaria in a human host with a varied age distribution. A system of differential equation model with five human state variables and two mosquito state variables was examined. Preschool-age (0–5) and young-age individuals make up our model’s division of the human population. We investigated the existence of an area in which the model is both mathematically and epidemiologically well posed. According to the findings of our mathematical research, the disease-free equilibrium exists whenever the fundamental reproduction number R0 is smaller than one and is asymptotically stable. The disease-free equilibrium point is unstable when R0>1. We showed that the endemic equilibrium point is unique for R0>1. Also, the most influential control parameters of the spread of malaria were identified. Numerical simulations of both classical and fractional order were conducted, and we used ODE (45) for classical part and numerical technique developed by Toufik and Atangana for fractional order. The infected population will grow because of the high biting frequency of the mosquito and the high likelihood of transmission from the infected mosquito to the susceptible human. R=1.622, which is more than one, indicating that the mosquito vector keeps on growing. This supports the stability of the endemic equilibrium point theorem, which states that the disease becomes endemic when R=1. The susceptible human population will decrease because of the presence of the infective mosquito, which has a high biting frequency for the first couple of days. Since the infective mosquito bit the susceptible human, the susceptible human became infected and went to the infected human compartments. Then, the susceptible population will decrease and the infested human population will increase. After a certain amount of time, it becomes zero due to the growth of protected classes. In this case, a disease-free equilibrium point exists and is stable. This condition exists because R0=2.827×10−5 is less than 1. This supports the theorem that the stability of the disease-free equilibrium point is obtained when R0<1. Depending on equation, we have shown that the possibility of some endemic equilibria exists when R0<1, that is, it undergoes backward bifurcation, even when the disease-free equilibrium is locally stable, and the result means that the society may misunderstand the level of malaria prevalence in the community.
Pathology of Ketoacidosis in Emergency of Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Alcoholic Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Koyama Katsumasa , Anno Takatoshi , Kimura Yukiko , Kawasaki Fumiko , Kaku Kohei , Tomoda Koichi , Kaneto Hideaki
Published: January 2024

This study is aimed at examining which factors are useful for the diagnosis and distinction of ketoacidosis. We recruited 21 diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) patients hospitalized in Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center from April 2015 to March 2021. Almost all patients in this study were brought to the emergency room in a coma and hospitalized. All patients underwent blood gas aspiration and laboratory tests. We evaluated the difference in diagnosis markers in emergencies between DKA and alcoholic ketoacidosis AKA. Compared to AKA patients, DKA patients had statistically higher values of serum acetoacetic acid and lower values of serum lactate, arterial blood pH, and base excess. In contrast, total ketone bodies, β‐hydroxybutyric acid, and β‐hydroxybutyric acid/acetoacetic acid ratio in serum did not differ between the two patient groups. It was shown that evaluation of each pathology such as low body weight, diabetes, liver dysfunction, and dehydration was important. It is important to perform differential diagnosis for taking medical histories such as insulin deficiency, alcohol abuse, or starvation as the etiology in Japanese subjects with DKA or AKA. Moreover, it is important to precisely comprehend the pathology of dehydration and alcoholic metabolism which would lead to appropriate treatment for DKA and AKA.
Population Dynamics of the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758) Stock in Lake Arekit, Ethiopia: Implications for Management and Conservation
Authors: Wagaw Solomon , Enawgaw Yirga , Wendimu Injigu
Published: January 2024

Cyprinus carpio is a widely distributed and commercially important fish species in Ethiopia. Effective management is essential to sustain fisheries and provide benefits to local communities. This study aims to estimate the growth, mortality, and exploitation rate of C. carpio using length-frequency data. A total of 194 C. carpio specimens (117 females and 77 males) were collected between June 2022 and May 2023. The population parameters were determined using FISAT (ELEFAN I) software. The Von Bertalanffy growth function estimations were L∞ = 51.45 cm total length, K = 1.1 year−1; t0 = −0.124 year, and growth performance index (Φ′) = 3.464. The total mortality rate (Z), natural mortality rate (M), and fishing mortality rate (F) were 2.55 year−1, 1.58 year−1, and 0.97 year−1, respectively. The estimated potential longevity (tmax) and average age at which C. carpio attains length at the optimum cohort biomass or yield per recruit (Lopt = 34.79) in Lake Arekit were calculated as 2.60 years and 1.29 years, respectively. The Z/K ratio (2.32), exploitation rate (E = F/Z = 0.38), and highest permissible yield per recruit for C. carpio (Emax = 0.421) suggest enhancing fishery production by increasing the exploitation rate of the underexploited C. carpio in Lake Arekit. The results of this study provide information on the stock of C. carpio, which can be used to guide management efforts. The fish catch in Lake Arkeit is currently far lower than it could be. Therefore, the fish harvest should be boosted through the use of permitted nets, the establishment of groups of fishermen who can catch fish effectively, and the linking of the benefits of fish farming’s supply chain to the potential of fisheries.
Data from p21 Expression Is Induced by Activation of Nuclear Nerve Growth Factor–Induced Bα (Nur77) in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Lee Syng-Ook , Chintharlapalli Sudhakar , Liu Shengxi , Papineni Sabitha , Cho Sung Dae , Yoon Kyungsil , Safe Stephen
Published: January 2024

Abstract
1,1-Bis(3′-indolyl)-1-(p-anisyl)methane (DIM-C-pPhOCH3) activates the orphan receptor nerve growth factor–induced Bα (Nur77) in cancer cells, and in this study, DIM-C-pPhOCH3 decreased Panc1 pancreatic cancer cell survival and arrested cells in G0-G1. These responses were accompanied by induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 in pancreatic cancer cells. Mechanistic studies showed that induction of p21 mRNA and protein by DIM-C-pPhOCH3 was Nur77 dependent but did not depend on Krüppel-like factor 4, which was also induced by DIM-C-pPhOCH3. Activation of p21 promoter constructs by DIM-C-pPhOCH3 required the GC-rich proximal region of the promoter, and results of RNA interference studies showed that Nur77-dependent activation of the p21 promoter involved interactions with Sp1 and Sp4 but not Sp3. Interactions of Nur77 with the p21 promoter in Panc1 cells treated with DIM-C-pPhOCH3 were also confirmed in chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. These data show that activation of nuclear Nur77 results in a novel pathway for induction of p21, which is independent of Nur77 response elements but dependent on Sp proteins bound to the GC-rich proximal region of the p21 promoter. [Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(7):1169–78]
Data from MDM2 Controls the Timely Expression of Cyclin A to Regulate the Cell Cycle
Authors: Frum Rebecca , Ramamoorthy Mahesh , Mohanraj Lathika , Deb Sumitra , Deb Swati Palit
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Overexpression of MDM2 has been related to oncogenesis. In this communication, we present evidence to show that MDM2 controls the cell cycle–dependent expression of cyclin A by using a pathway that ensures its timely expression. MDM2 does not inhibit cyclin D or E expression. Silencing of endogenous MDM2 expression elevates cyclin A expression. The p53-binding domain of MDM2 harbors a SWIB region homologous to a conserved domain of a chromosome remodeling factor BRG1-associated protein. The SWIB domain of MDM2 inhibits cyclin A expression in a p53- and BRG1-dependent fashion, suggesting that MDM2 interferes with p53 binding of the BRG1 complex freeing it to repress cyclin A expression. Silencing of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p16 prevents MDM2-mediated inhibition of cyclin A expression, implicating its role in the process. MDM2-mediated repression of cyclin A expression induces G1-S arrest, which can be rescued by ectopic expression of cyclin A. Cancer cells lacking p53, p16, or BRG1 escape MDM2-mediated repression of cyclin A expression and growth arrest. Our data propose a novel mechanism by which MDM2 controls the cell cycle in normal cells and how cancer cells may escape this important safety barrier. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(8):1253–67)
Data from The TRC8 Ubiquitin Ligase Is Sterol Regulated and Interacts with Lipid and Protein Biosynthetic Pathways
Authors: Lee Jason P. , Brauweiler Anne , Rudolph Michael , Hooper Joan E. , Drabkin Harry A. , Gemmill Robert M.
Published: January 2024

Abstract
TRC8/RNF139 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum–resident E3 ubiquitin ligase that inhibits growth in a RING- and ubiquitylation-dependent manner. TRC8 also contains a predicted sterol-sensing domain. Here, we report that TRC8 protein levels are sterol responsive and that it binds and stimulates ubiquitylation of the endoplasmic reticulum anchor protein INSIG. Induction of TRC8 destabilized the precursor forms of the transcription factors SREBP-1 and SREBP-2. Loss of SREBP precursors was proteasome dependent, required a functional RING domain, occurred without generating processed nuclear forms, and suppressed SREBP target genes. TRC8 knockdown had opposite effects in sterol-deprived cells. In Drosophila, growth inhibition by DTrc8 was genetically suppressed by loss of specific Mprlp, Padlp N-terminal domain–containing proteins found in the COP9 signalosome and eIF3. DTrc8 genetically and physically interacted with two eIF3 subunits: eIF3f and eIF3h. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments confirmed these interactions in mammalian cells, and TRC8 overexpression suppressed polysome profiles. Moreover, high–molecular weight ubiquitylated proteins were observed in eIF3 immunoprecipitations from TRC8-overexpressing cells. Thus, TRC8 function may provide a regulatory link between the lipid and protein biosynthetic pathways. Mol Cancer Res; 8(1); 93–106
Data from Elevated Poly-(ADP-Ribose)-Polymerase Activity Sensitizes Retinoblastoma-Deficient Cells to DNA Damage–Induced Necrosis
Authors: Liu Huiping , Knabb James R. , Spike Benjamin T. , Macleod Kay F.
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor is a key regulator of cell cycle checkpoints but also protects against cell death induced by stresses such as DNA damage and death receptor ligation. We report here that cell death of Rb-deficient cells exposed to key genotoxic agents was associated with increased expression of S phase–specific E2F target genes and cell death consistently occurred in the S phase of the cell cycle. Cell cycle arrest induced by serum starvation prevented S phase entry, attenuated DNA damage, and promoted survival, suggesting that Rb-null cells die due to a failure to prevent S phase entry. DNA damage–induced death of Rb-null cells was associated with nucleotide depletion, higher activity of poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (Parp), and cell death that was primarily necrotic. Knockdown of Parp-1 or chemical inhibition of Parp activity prevented nucleotide depletion and restored the viability of Rb-deficient cells to wild-type levels. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of Parp activity in vivo attenuated the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin against Rb-deficient tumors, arguing that Parp inhibitors should not be used therapeutically in combination with genotoxic drugs against tumors that are inactivated for the Rb tumor suppressor.(Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(7):1099–109)
Data from The MDM2-A Splice Variant of MDM2 Alters Transformation In vitro and the Tumor Spectrum in Both Arf- and p53-Null Models of Tumorigenesis
Authors: Volk Erin L. , Fan Liying , Schuster Katja , Rehg Jerold E. , Harris Linda C.
Published: January 2024

Abstract
MDM2-A is a common splice variant of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) that is frequently detected in many tumor types. Our previous work has characterized MDM2-A as an activator of p53, and therefore, in a wild-type p53 background, this splice variant would be predicted to confer p53-dependent tumor protection. To test this hypothesis, we used Mdm2-a transgenic mice to assess transformation and tumorigenesis in tumor susceptible murine models. A MDM2-A–dependent decrease in transformation was observed in Arf-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) or when wild-type MEFs were exposed to the carcinogen ethylnitrosourea. However, this reduced transformation did not confer tumor protection in vivo; Mdm2-a/Arf-null mice and ethylnitrosourea-treated MDM2-expressing mice developed similar tumor types with equivalent latency compared with their respective controls. Interestingly, when p53 was deleted, MDM2-A expression enhanced transformation of p53-null MEFs and altered tumor spectrum in vivo. In addition, p53-heterozygous mice that expressed MDM2-A developed aggressive mammary tumors that were not observed in p53-heterozygous controls. In conclusion, we found that although MDM2-A expression enhances p53 activity and decreases transformation in vitro, it cannot confer tumor protection. In contrast, MDM2-A seems to exhibit a novel transforming potential in cells where p53 function is compromised. These data show that MDM2 splice variants, such as MDM2-A, may provide protection against transformation of normal tissues having intact p53. However, when such splice variants are expressed in tumors that have defects in the p53 pathway, these isoforms may contribute to tumor progression, which could explain why their expression is often associated with aggressive tumor types. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(6):863–9)
Supplementary Figure 8 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: January 2024

Circulating ORF1p (first generation Simoa assay) versus prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
Supplementary Figure 6 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: January 2024

Analysis of circulating ORF1p levels in extracellular vesicles (EVs) fractions.
Supplementary Figure 29 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: January 2024

Schoenfeld Tests and Residuals.
Supplementary Figure 21 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: January 2024

(obtained from Drapkin Lab at the University of Pennsylvania).Circulating CA125 and HE4 levels, as measured by Simoa, in ovarian cancer patient cohort.