bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВПЛИВ ТЕХНОГЕННОГО ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ НА ВМІСТ БЕНЗ(А)ПІРЕНУ В СИЛОСІ
Authors: Євстаф’єва В. О. , Щербакова Н. С. , Кручиненко О. В. , Мельничук В. В. , Михайлютенко С. М. , Корчан Л. М. , Долгін О. С. , Передера С. Б.
Published: December 2021

У роботі наведено дані щодо можливих шляхів потрапляння до навколишнього середовища бенз(а)пірену – шкідливої речовини з вираженими канцерогенними та мутагенними властивостями. Речовину відносять до першого класу небезпеки. Бенз(а)пірен – індикатор стану навколишнього середовища. В результаті міграції він потрапляє до кормів рослинного походження. За результата-ми проведених моніторингових досліджень кормів, що використовують для сільськогосподарських тварин в умовах приватних фермерських господарств Полтавської області, визначено основне джерело забруднення представниками ПАВ (поліциклічними ароматичними вуглеводнями), а саме бенз(а)піреном. Висвітлено його екотоксичність. Зокрема, виявлено наявність останнього у дослідних зразках силосу в концентрації 6,72±0,22 мкг/кг за умови коливань від 6,30 до 7,50 мкг/кг досліджуваного корму. Для визначення можливих шляхів забруднення бенз(а)піреном силосу досліджено вміст небезпечної канцерогенної речовини в суданській траві, соняшнику в період почат-ку цвітіння, а також у зеленій масі кукурудзи. Вибір рослин для досліду базувався на тому, що більшість фермерів для закладки в силосні ями використовують зелену масу кукурудзи та суданської трави, якими засівають земельні угіддя на відстані 50–1500 м від автомагістралі Київ–Харків. Порівнюючи рівень накопичення бенз(а)пірену в дослідних зразках рослин, що вирощуються на угіддях, розташованих на відстані 500–300 м від автомагістралі, зафіксовано, що супертоксин найбільше акумулюється в суданській траві (понад 9,94 мкг/кг). Дещо менше порівняно з суданською травою відбувається накопичення в соняшнику на початку цвітіння 9,10 мкг/кг (P<0,01), та в кукурудзі 8,41 мкг/кг (P<0,05). Під час дослідження середніх проб вищезазначених рослин, які відібрано на відстані 400–900 м та 1000–1500 м від траси Київ-Харків зареєстровано тенденцію до зниження кількісного показника бенз(а)пірену, що корелює з віддаленням від траси. Наприклад, на відстані 500–900 м у суданській траві середній показник становив 1,50 мкг/кг, а на відстані 1000–1500 м він знизився до 0,30 мкг/кг. Отримані результати мають важливе теоретичне і практичне значення, оскільки певною мірою доповнюють вже наявні наукові дані щодо накопичення канцерогену в різних рослинах, зокрема й сільськогосподарських культурах. Окрім того ці дані дозволять ферме-рам планувати посіви сільськогосподарських культур, зважаючи на безпечну відстань до автомагістралей з інтенсивним трафіком.
ТЕРАПЕВТИЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ БАКТЕРІОФАГОВОГО ПРЕПАРАТУ «ФАГОМАСТ» ДЛЯ ЛІКУВАННЯ СУБКЛІНІЧНОГО МАСТИТУ КОРІВ
Authors: Горюк Ю. В.
Published: December 2021

Надмірне використання антибіотиків є основною проблемою при лікуванні стафілококових маститів у корів. Раніше отримані результати вказують на потенціал лікування маститу корів бактеріофагами і потребують подальшої перевірки шляхом проведення досліджень in vivo. Метою роботи було вивчити терапевтичну ефективність застосування розробленого бактеріофагового препарату «Фагомаст» при лікуванні субклінічного маститу у корів. Для проведення досліджень сформовано дві групи корів за принципом аналогів: контрольну (тваринам проводили лікування згідно зі стандартними протоколами на фермах) та дослідну (тваринам застосовували «Фагомаст»). Контроль терапевтичної ефективності проводили через 5 днів після останнього введення препарату за допомогою визначення кількості соматичних клітин та вмісту золотистого стафілококу. Визна-чення кількості соматичних клітин проводили методом Прескота-Бріда. Для визначення кількості S. aureus використовували BD Baird-Parker Agar (HiMedia, Індія). Культивування проводили за температури 37° С, результати оцінювали через 24–48 годин. У результаті проведених досліджень встановлено, що лікувальний ефект при застосуванні препарату «Фагомаст» не поступається антибіотикам. Кількість чвертей вимені, які відновили функції, склала 92,1 %, а S. aureus після завершення лікування взагалі не виділявся. Встановлено, що через 5 днів після завершення лікування вміст соматичних клітин у молоці знизився у 16,8 раза, а молоко було придатне для переважно всіх практичних цілей. Отже, препарат «Фагомаст» на основі бактеріофагів можна застосовувати як альтернативу антибіотикам при органічному веденні тваринництва для лікування субклінічних стафілококових маститів у корів.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ МЕТОДІВ ЗАЖИТТЄВОЇ ЛАБОРАТОРНОЇ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ПАСАЛУРОЗУ КРОЛІВ
Authors: Хорольський А. А.
Published: December 2021

Основними методами діагностики у ветеринарній паразитології є лабораторні способи досліджень, багато з яких передбачають виявлення та диференціацію збудника інвазії. За різних паразитозів застосовують різноманітні методи діагностики, засновані на сучасних наукових досягненнях і накопиченому досвіді практикуючих фахівців. Відомо, що з метою діагностики більшості гельмінтозів використовують копроскопічні дослідження фекалій, що засновані на виявленні яєць паразитів із використанням флотаційних, седиментаційних або комбінованих способів. Водночас лабораторна діагностика пасалурозу кролів включає дослідження зіскобів з приа-нальної ділянки тіла, що пов’язано із циклом розвитку гельмінта, а дослідження фекалій у разі такої інвазії є неефективним. Метою досліджень було встановити ефективність наявних зажиттєвих методів лабораторної діагностики Passalurus ambiguus. Експериментальні дослідження виконували на базі лабораторії кафедри паразитології та ветеринарно-санітарної експертизи Полтавського державного аграрного університету та в умовах одноосібних селянських господарств Полтавської області. Проведено випробування трьох способів зажиттєвої лабораторної діагностики пасалурозу кролів із застосуванням: гліцерину, клейкої стрічки, флотації. Основним показником діагностичної ефективності кожного способу було значення інтенсивності інвазії. За результатами проведених досліджень встановлено, що найбільш чутливим методом зажиттєвої лабораторної діагностики пасалурозу у кролів виявився метод дослідження прианальної ділянки тіла із застосуванням клейкої стрічки. За допомоги цієї методики було виявлено 80 % інвазованих кролів. Нижчу чутливість показали методи із застосуванням гліцерину та метод Фюллеборна, де відповідно було виявлено 60 та 25 % інвазованих кролів. Високу діагностичну ефективність методу із використанням клейкої стрічки доведено за показниками інтенсивності інвазії. За цією методикою виявлено в середньому 5,94 яєць пасалурисів, що у 3,4 та 4,9 разів більше порівняно з методами із застосуванням гліцерину та Фюллеборна. Отримані дані експериментальних досліджень дозволяють рекомендувати спосіб із застосуванням клейкої стрічки як найбільш ефективний та ергономічний метод зажиттєвої лабораторної діагностики пасалурозу кролів.
O ping-pong da pessoa mais velha: (Re)pensar a integração de Cuidados
Authors: Espírito Santo Maria Inês , Belo Adelaide , Almeida Vera , Russo Carlos José , Gaspar Cátia
Published: December 2021

Contexto e Objetivo: Este estudo visou perceber e analisar as experiências e o conhecimento de vários profissionais de saúde, da área social e de um cuidador informal sobre a integração de cuidados à pessoa mais velha num contexto pandémico. Método: realizou-se uma investigação de caráter qualitativo na qual participaram sete participantes com funções distintas, mas complementares na essência do cuidado. A recolha de dados foi feita através das comunicações dos participantes do seminário “O ping-pong dos nossos idosos – (Re)pensar, (re)construir e Integrar Cuidados” promovido pela Portuguese Association of Integrated Care (PAFIC) no âmbito da VIII Conferência de Valor da Associação Portuguesa de Administradores Hospitalares (APAH). Resultados: Na perspetiva dos participantes, a integração de cuidados no percurso da pessoa é fundamental e para isso é necessário estreitar a articulação entre Serviço Nacional de Saúde e o social. Bem como, centrar os cuidados na pessoa, aliada à matriz comunitária que leve à transformação do modelo organizativo vigente de cuidados e à mudança nos modelos de gestão que se mantém inalterados há muitos anos. A integração de cuidados das pessoas não depende só da atividade da área da saúde, mas também é condicionada por outros setores de atividade, e por isso importa avaliar o papel que a sociedade civil pode assumir na prestação de cuidados. Conclusões: A pandemia COVID-19 trouxe a oportunidade de reflexão sobre o cuidado à pessoa mais velha e como se podem potenciar parcerias e estratégias de articulação entre os diferentes níveis de cuidados, saúde, sociais e comunitários.
Deriving Spatio-Temporal Geographies of Human Mobility from GPS traces
Authors: Calafiore Alessia , Murage Nombuyisielo , Nasuto Andrea , Rowe Francisco
Published: December 2021

This paper leverages on the opportunities presented by individual level GPS data to study human mobility. It develops a methodology to understand the spatio-temporal properties of collective movements using network science. Through a spatially-weighted community detection approach, we derived functional neighbourhoods from human mobility patterns from GPS data and analyse the extent to which they vary across time. The results show that while the overall city structure remains stable, functional neighbourhoods tend to contract and expand over the course of the day. This work proposes a methodological framework and emphasises the importance of detecting short-term structural changes in cities based on human mobility.
Makalah Pasar dan pemasaran ALIAH ADILLAH_90500120031
Authors: Adillah Aliah
Published: December 2021

Dalampengertian yang sederhanaatausempit pasar adalahtempatterjadinyatransaksijualbeli(penjualan dan pembelian) yang dilakukan oleh penjual dan pembeli yang terjadi pada waktudantempattertentu. Ataudapat juga diartikantempatbertemunyacalonpenjual dan pembeli. Sedangkandefinisi pasar secaraluasmenurut W.J. Stanton adalahorang-orang yang mempunyaikeinginanuntukmemenuhikebutuhan, uang untukbelanjasertakemauanuntukmembelanjakannya.Di pasar antarapenjual dan pembeliakanmelakukantransaksi. Transaksiadalahkesepakatandalamkegiatanjual-beli. Pada umumnyasuatutransaksijualbelimelibatkanproduk/barangataujasadengan uang sebagaialattransaksipembayaran yang sah dan disetujuiolehkeduabelahpihak yang bertransaksi.
Makalah Faktor Individu Dalam Organisasi
Authors: Istiqamah Nur Afwa
Published: December 2021

Makalah terkait Faktor Individu Dalam Organisasi
Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran menulis Puisi secara Daring di Masa Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Sartika Dewi
Published: December 2021

Tuntutan zaman dan kemajuan IPTEK telah membawa perubahan dan perkembangan zaman yang pesat dalam kehidupan manusia. Perkembangan teknologi dan informasi membawa pengaruh terhadap berbagai bidang. Ternasuk kedalam bidang pendidikan yang terkhususnya dalam media pembelajaran. Ditambah lagi dengan keadaan pandemi covid 19 dimana system pembelajaran harus dilakukan dengan jarak jauh atau daring atau dalam jaringan. Pembelajaran jarak jauh ini mengandalkan media dalam penyampaian materinya agar para siswa dan guru mudah dalam menjalankan dan melaksanakan pembelajaran secara daring. Pembelajaran menulis merupakan salah satu dari empat keterampilan berbahasa. Pada kegiatan menulis setiap orang di tuntut untuk menghasilkan suatu produk. Salah satu produk yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan menulis yaitu menulis dalam konteks akademik. Akan tetapi konteks akademik merupakan salah satu produk yang sulit dikuasai oleh setiap orang. Salah satu konteks pembelajaran yang sulit dikuasai adalah pembelajaran menulis puisi ( Siti, Leni, Sary, Dida, & Ikip, 2018) Menulis puisi merupakan salah satu keterampilan di bidang apresiasi sastra yang harus dikuasai oleh siswa. ( Rini Royani, 2018 ). Pembelajaran menulis puisi merupakan sesuatu yang sangat penting untuk di pelajari oleh siswa karena dengan menulis puisi banyak hal yang dilakukan, dari menuangkan sebuah ide dan gagasan hingga menuliskan imajinasi ke dalam bentuk kata – kata (Rini Royani, 2018 ). Agar menulis puisi lebih menarik maka perlu adanya media pembelajaran yang menarik untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dalam menulis puisi.
PASAR DAN PEMASARAN
Authors: Awal Nurul
Published: December 2021

Pasar merupakan tempat dimana kita melakukan transaksi jual beli barang dan juga interaksi jasa. Pemasaran merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan antara penjual dan pembeli dalam lingkup yg cukup luas. Pemasaran dapat dilakukan secara lansung maupun secara online.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Game
Authors: Kharisma Dwi Aulia
Published: December 2021

Sebagai tenaga pendidik, guru dituntut untuk lebih kreatif dan inovatif dalam mengajar dan mendidik peserta didik. Penggunaan metode belajar dan media pembelajaran tentunya akan sangat mempengaruhi hasil akhir dari pelajaran yang akan dipelajari. Penggunaan media pembelajaran harus sesuai dengan pelajaran yang akan dipelajari. Penggunaan yang tepat oleh guru dapat menanamkan pemahaman konsep materi yang baik kepada siswa. Media pembelajaran juga dapat membantu guru agar tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai.Riana (2008:196) mengemukakan sebuah media yang efektif dan efisien serta menyenangkan tentu menjadi dambaan dan kebutuhan untuk pembelajaran, untuk mendapatkan media tersebut diperlukan beberapa prinsip yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pemilihan media. Dalam memilih media pembelajaran dipertimbangkan berbagai hal yang dirumuskan dalam satu kata ACTION, yaitu akronim dari; Access, Cost, Technology, Interactivity, Organization, dan Novelty.Salah satu bentuk dari media pembelajaran adalah game. Menurut Santoso (2019) Game adalah media bagi anak-anak untuk bisa mendapatkan pembelajaran yang memuat perkembangan kognitif, sosial, emosional, dan fisik. Game yang dikembangkan untuk pembelajaran atau biasa disebut game edukasi merupakan media belajar yang dapat memicu aktivitas siswa untuk mempelajari suatu materi pembelajaran dan dapat menumbuhkan pemahamaman tentang suatu dengan cara yang lebih menyenangkan.
Competing feedback in an idealized tide-influenced delta network
Authors: Ragno Niccolò , Tambroni Nicoletta , Bolla Pittaluga Michele
Published: December 2021

The morphodynamic evolution of river deltas is intimately tied to flow and sediment partitioning at bifurcations. In this work, the long-term equilibrium configuration of a simple delta network is investigated by means of an analytical model, which accounts for the effect of small tidal oscillations. Differently from individual bifurcations where tidal action is always a stabilizing factor, in the case of a tree-like delta with multiple bifurcations a dual response emerges. Specifically, depending on the values of four reference parameters functions of tidal amplitude, upstream flow conditions, and channels geometry, tides can either promote or discourage an unbalanced discharge distribution. This behavior primarily concerns the apex bifurcation, which is affected by the variations of the relative tidal amplitude at the internal nodes. In turn these variations depend on how flow and sediment are diverted upstream. The stability of steady-state solutions is found to be governed by the sign and magnitude of the slope asymmetry between channels. This work provides a basic modeling framework for the interpretation of the autogenic response of multiple coupled micro-tidal bifurcations, which can potentially be extended to include in a unified scheme erosional and depositional processes typical of fluvio-deltaic systems.
Theoretical predictions of dynamic necking formability of ductile metallic sheets with evolving plastic anisotropy and tension-compression asymmetry
Authors: Kumar Murlidhar Anil , N'souglo Komi Espoir , hosseini navab , Jacques Nicolas , Rodriguez-Martinez Jose
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we have investigated necking formability of anisotropic and tension-compression asymmetric metallic sheets subjected to in-plane loading paths ranging from plane strain tension to equibiaxial tension. For that purpose, we have used three different approaches: a linear stability analysis, a nonlinear two-zone model and unit-cell finite element calculations. We have considered three materials –AZ31-Mg alloy, high purity α-titanium and OFHC copper– whose mechanical behavior is described with an elastic-plastic constitutive model with yielding defined by the CPB06 criterion [10] which includes specific features to account for the evolution of plastic orthotropy and strength differential effect with accumulated plastic deformation [37]. From a methodological standpoint, the main novelty of this paper with respect to the recent work of N’souglo et al. [32] –which investigated materials with yielding described by the orthotropic criterion of Hill [19]– is the extension of both stability analysis and nonlinear two-zone model to consider anisotropic and tension-compression asymmetric materials with distortional hardening. The results obtained with the stability analysis and the nonlinear two-zone model show reasonable qualitative and quantitative agreement with forming limit diagrams calculated with the finite element simulations, for the three materials considered, and for a wide range of loading rates varying from quasi-static loading up to 40000 s−1, which makes apparent the capacity of the theoretical models to capture the mechanisms which control necking formability of metallic materials with complex plastic behavior. Special mention deserves the nonlinear two-zone model, as it does not need prior calibration –unlike the stability analysis– and it yields accurate predictions that rarely deviate more than 10% from the results obtained with the unit-cell calculations
Lost in time: relocating the perception of duration outside the brain.
Authors: Robbe David
Published: December 2021

It is commonly accepted in neuroscience that animals process time internally to estimate the duration of intervals lasting between one and several seconds, an ability called prospective time perception. More than 100 years ago, Henri Bergson nevertheless remarked that, because animals have memory, their inner experience of time is ever-changing (two lived moments cannot repeat). This should make duration impossible to measure internally and time a source of change. Bergson therefore proposed that quantifying the inner experience of elapsing time requires its externalization in observed or self-generated movements, as their unfolding leaves discretizable, hence measurable, traces in space. Here, studies across species are reviewed and collectively suggest that, in line with Bergson's counterintuitive ideas, animals spontaneously solve time estimation tasks through a movement-based spatialization of time and struggle to do that while being immobile, or independently of their movements. Moreover, the well-known scalable anticipatory responses of animals to regularly spaced rewards can be explained by the variable pressure of time on reward-oriented actions, rather than explicit reliance on internal representation of time. Finally, the brain regions linked with prospective time perception overlap with those implicated in motor control, spatial navigation and motivation. Thus, instead of considering time as static information processed in the brain (i.e., like space), it might be fruitful to conceptualize it as a kind of force to which animals are more or less sensitive depending on their internal state and environment.
Does morphological complexity affect word segmentation? Evidence from computational modeling
Authors: Loukatou Georgia , Stoll Sabine , Blasi Damián Ezequiel , Cristia Alejandrina
Published: December 2021

How can infants detect where words or morphemes start and end in the continuous stream of speech? Previous computational studies have investigated this question mainly for English, where morpheme and word boundaries are often isomorphic. Yet in many languages, words are often multimorphemic, such that word and morpheme boundaries do not align. Our study employed corpora of two languages that differ in the complexity of inflectional morphology, Chintang (Sino-Tibetan) and Japanese (in Experiment 1), as well as corpora of artificial languages ranging in morphological complexity, as measured by the ratio and distribution of morphemes per word (in Experiments 2 and 3). We used two baselines and three conceptually diverse word segmentation algorithms, two of which rely purely on sublexical information using distributional cues, and one that builds a lexicon. The algorithms’ performance was evaluated on both word- and morpheme-level representations of the corpora.Segmentation results were better for the morphologically simpler languages than for the morphologically more complex languages, in line with the hypothesis that languages with greater inflectional complexity could be more difficult to segment into words. We further show that the effect of morphological complexity is relatively small, compared to that of algorithm and evaluation level. We therefore recommend that infant researchers look for signatures of the different segmentation algorithms and strategies, before looking for differences in infant segmentation landmarks across languages varying in complexity.
Remote research on locomotion interfaces for virtual reality: Replication of a lab-based study on teleporting interfaces
Authors: Kelly Jonathan , Hoover Melynda , Doty Taylor , Renner Alex , Zimmerman Moriah , Knuth Kimberly , Cherep Lucia , Gilbert Stephen B.
Published: December 2021

The wide availability of consumer-oriented virtual reality (VR) equipment has enabled researchers to recruit existing VR owners to participate remotely using their own equipment. Yet, there are many differences between lab environments and home environments, as well as differences between participant samples recruited for lab studies and remote studies. This paper replicates a lab-based experiment on VR locomotion interfaces using a remote sample. Participants completed a triangle-completion task (travel two path legs, then point to the path origin) using their own VR equipment in a remote, unsupervised setting. Locomotion was accomplished using two versions of the teleporting interface varying in availability of rotational self-motion cues. The size of the traveled path and the size of the surrounding virtual environment were also manipulated. Results from remote participants largely mirrored lab results, with overall better performance when rotational self-motion cues were available. Some differences also occurred, including a tendency for remote participants to rely less on nearby landmarks, perhaps due to increased competence with using the teleporting interface to update self-location. This replication study provides insight for VR researchers on aspects of lab studies that may or may not replicate remotely.
Prevention of Terrorist Crimes: Trends and Recommendations
Authors: Popov Konstantin , Sarwal Anil
Published: December 2021

The authors of the article analyze the features of countering international terrorism in the context of complex trends in the spread of extremist ideas and the deformation of the role of Islam in the lives of ordinary Muslims. The study is of a practical nature and is aimed at offering practical recommendations for the prevention of terrorism. Special attention is paid to possible measures to combat this phenomenon in the North Caucasus region.
Is Beauty-based Inequality Gendered? A Systematic Review of Gender Differences in Socioeconomic Outcomes of Physical Attractiveness in Labor Markets
Authors: Kukkonen Iida , Pajunen Tero , Sarpila Outi , Åberg Erica
Published: December 2021

During the past decade, academic interest in physical attractiveness-based social inequalities has spread drastically beyond the U.S. to Europe. However, there is no consensus in previous research on the genderedness of the socioeconomic outcomes of physical attractiveness. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to understand to what extent and how the socioeconomic outcomes of physical appearance in labor markets are gendered. After wading through five databases and identifying relevant articles, we included a total of 58 articles for review. The results show that, in general, more attractive individuals are socioeconomically favoured and this applies to both men and women. However, the number of studies that find that attractiveness is more beneficial for women is almost equal to the number of studies that report the ‘effect’ of attractiveness to be stronger for men. Moreover, while the socioeconomic outcomes are somewhat consistent for men, the outcomes for women appear more inconsistent: only women get both rewarded and penalized for being attractive. We interpret the results by reviewing occupation-, culture-, time- and method -specific results in order to elucidate the mechanisms behind attractiveness-based inequalities in labor markets. We conclude that contextual factors matter more than previously considered in attractiveness-related outcomes, especially for women.
Eurozentrismus dekonstruieren. Zur Bedeutung postkolonialer Perspektiven auf schulische und außerschulische Bildungsangebote
Authors: Eberth Andreas , Röll Verena
Published: December 2021

Based on findings from an empirical study on young people’s perceptions of the inbalanced global distribution of cultural World Heritage sites, various aspects are discussed in order to deconstruct Eurocentrism in educational programmes. In particular, postcolonial perspectives and the importance of decolonising will be addressed.
Correlation of Salivary Thiocyanate Levels and Oral Cytological Changes in Smokers
Authors: Silwal Radha Baral , Ojha Bidhata , Bajracharya Dipshikha , Silwal Ganesh
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Smokers are found to have higher salivary thiocyanate (SCN) concentration compared to normal non-smokers. This elevated level of the SCN in the saliva of smokers may be responsible for oral cancer risk among smokers through nitrosation process. The objective of the study is to estimate salivary thiocyanate levels in tobacco smokers and non-smokers and correlate the levels of thiocyanate with cytomorphological changes in oral mucosa.

 Methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional study conducted among 40 non-smokers and 40 smokers in outpatient department of Kantipur Dental College. Salivary thiocyanate level was estimated from the saliva sample. Cytological atypia, cytomorphometric changes and micronuclei frequency was estimated from smear from buccal mucosa.

 Results: Mean salivary thiocyanate level in smokers (3.16 Mm/l  1.61 Mm/l) was higher compared to non-smokers (0.95Mm/l  0.54 Mm/l) which was statistically significant (P<0.001). There were also more atypical changes in smoker than that found in nonsmokers. The mean nuclear cytoplasmic ratio was also higher in smokers compared to nonsmokers which was statistically significant (P<0.001). Similarly, the micronuclei frequency in smokers (1.79   0.76) was also found higher compared to micronuclei frequency in non-smokers (1.24   0.74) which was statistically significant (P=0.002). However, the correlation between salivary thiocyanate level and cytomorphometric changes was weak.

Conclusions: Estimation of salivary thiocyanate level and cytological changes are noninvasive, painless and prove to be an efficient tool in screening a large population as well as in aiding motivation of individuals for withdrawal of tobacco smoking.
Electrodermal Activity and Chronotropism for Transient Occlusion of Major Upper Arm Artery: a Quantitative Assessment of Autonomic Response
Authors: Nepal Ojashwi , Ray Abhishek Ranjan , Pokhrel Sony , Jha Reena Kumari
Published: December 2021

Background: Blood vessels in body respond to sympathetic upsurge and, occlusion of blood vessels supplying vital organs excites autonomic reactions, building up chaos in homeostasis. Autonomic response to occlusion of major artery, not supplying to vital organs, remains least explored in the medical literature. Thus we have observed, in vivo, undulating autonomic response to heart beat and galvanic skin response for transient occlusion of left brachial artery, in this study.

Methods: Occlusion of brachial artery was maintained approximately 10mmHg above the systolic pressure by mercury manometer with cuff inflated at two inches above the cubital fossa of left hand. Heart rate and skin conductance was picked up by the transducers placed at appropriate locations on body surface in 40 subjects.

Results: Paired t test, repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlation are utilized to compare the recorded variables. Heart rate is significantly decreased (p=0.000) and amplitude of galvanic skin response is significantly increased (p=0.000) in all subjects for induced occlusion of brachial artery in left arm. ANOVA compared among levels of pre-occlusion, occlusion and post-occlusion is significant for heart rate (p=0.000). Pearson correlation between GSR and heart rate is weakly inverse (r = -0.028).

Conclusions: Episodic occlusion of artery does excite the autonomic reactions in healthy young adults. Simultaneous rise in parasympathetic and sympathetic response is an obligatory autonomic response for the brief occlusion of left brachial artery.
Role of C-Reactive Protein in Deciding Duration of Antibiotic Therapy in Neonatal Septicemia
Authors: Sah Love Kumar , Pareek Prince , Pan Atanu , Thapa Sameera , Garegrat Reema
Published: December 2021

IntroductionNeonatal septicemia is one of the commonest causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant that can be expected to fall quickly after efficientelimination of microbial stimulus due to its short half-life. CRP levels may sufficiently reflect the balancebetween microbes and immune system of the neonate for monitoring the effect of antibiotic treatmentand for guiding the duration of antibiotic therapy.

MethodsA prospective study conducted in ninety neonates admitted with suspected neonatal sepsis during oneyear in tertiary care hospital in the department of pediatrics, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur,Nepal from October 2013 to September 2014. CRP was estimated within 24–72 hours of admission.Then neonates were assigned to one of 3 groups according to CRP levels. Infection unlikely group,infection likely group with two subgroups- CRP guided therapy and 7 days antibiotic therapy.

ResultsOut of 90 cases of suspected neonatal septicaemia antibiotics were stopped in ≤7 days in 61 cases(67.8%). In 25 out of 30 cases (27.8%) of neonatal septicaemia, antibiotics were stopped after 72 hoursof initiation. In group II, antibiotics could be stopped in five days in 4 cases and remaining 26 casesantibiotics were given for 7 days. In group III, antibiotics could be stopped in 7 days in one case andremaining 29 cases antibiotics were given more than 7 days.

ConclusionsCRP has a high negative predictive value 96-100% and can be used as a marker of neonatal sepsis toreduce duration of antibiotics.
Vitamin-D Deficiency among Psychiatric Outpatients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Thapa Arati , Karki Mukesh , Thapa Aradhana
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with various physical and mental illness. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patients with psychiatric illness who visited Psychiatry outpatient department of College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal and investigate association of vitamin D with clinical characteristics and psychiatric illness.

Methods: A total of 129 who attended Psychiatry OPD of College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital were enrolled over a period of 4 months after taking informed written consent. Psychiatric diagnoses were established by attending psychiatrists as part of the routine assessment using ICD 10/DCR criteria. Serum vitamin D was assessed by standard method. Data was analyzed using SPSS.

Results: Among 129 participants, one hundred and seven patients (82.9%) showed vitamin D level below normal range. Thirty one (24%) had vitamin D deficiency, seventy six (58.9%) had vitamin D insufficiency and twenty two (17.1%) had normal vitamin D level. The mean level of vitamin D was 24.11± 10.19. However, there was no significant association noted between vitamin D state and socio demographic profile and psychiatric illness.

Conclusions: We have found a high percentage of vitamin D deficiency among psychiatric patients in our study. Thus, screening for vitamin D deficiency should be considered as an important part of assessment of patients with major psychiatric illnesses.
Comparative Evaluation of Ketoconazole 400 mg Single Dose Versus Ketoconazole 200 mg Daily for Five Days in Pityriasis Versicolor
Authors: Jha Harendra Kumar , Dhali Tapan Kumar , Amatya Ritu
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Many treatments have been attempted in pityriasis versicolor with different reports of success. No direct comparative study between Ketoconazole 400 mg single dose against Ketoconazole 200 mg od for 5 days have been made earlier. The aim of this study was to study and compare the therapeutic efficacy of oral ketoconazole 400 mg single dose with oral ketoconazole 200 mg once daily for 5 days in pityriasis versicolor.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized to receive either ketoconazole 400 mg single dose (group A) or ketoconazole 200 mg daily for 5 days (group B). Altogether 80 patients were taken, 40 in each group. Patients were assessed after 8 weeks and both clinical and mycological evaluation was done. The treatment success (mycological cure) was defined by a negative KOH at 8 weeks post treatment. Chi-square test was used to identify the significance of the variables.

Results: The mycological cure at 8 weeks was 46% in group A and 74% in group B and the result was significant. No significant adverse event was noted in any of the groups.

Conclusions: There was significant difference in the treatment outcome in both the groups. Ketoconazole 200 mg daily for 5 days had superior efficacy than ketoconazole 400 mg single dose. There was no significant difference in the adverse events.

 

Key words: Ketoconazole, Pityriasis versicolor
Knowledge on Pediatric First Aid Management among Mothers with Under Five Children in Bharatpur
Authors: Sekaran N. Dhana , Indhumathi L. , Kharel Anu
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Paediatric emergencies are the leading causes of death in children under five years of age. The toddlers, preschoolers with highest curiosity to explore, investigate and with the ability to run and play are more prone to getting injuries like falls, burns, cuts, bites, stings, poisoning, fracture, chocking, and wounds. Paediatric emergency mostly occur in home, roads and grounds. Hence the mothers are expected to be knowledgeable on paediatric first aid management. The objectives of this research to assess the knowledge on pediatric first aid management, to compare the knowledge on pediatric first aid management and to find out association between the knowledge scores of mothers with under five children with selected demographic variables.

Methods: A cross sectional analytical study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding pediatric first aid management among 165 mothers with under five children were selected  in pediatric outpatient department of College of Medical Sciences  Teaching Hospital by non probability purposive sampling technique and data was collected by using structured interview questionnaire. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics SPSS software.

Results: Demographic characteristics reveal that highest percentage (61.8 %) of them had one under five children. Comparisons of the knowledge score with demography highest mean and SD in relation to postgraduate shows that (30.2 ± 1.78). The level of knowledge score was (53.9 %) of them had adequate knowledge. However there was significant association between knowledge score with their education, occupation, family income and previous source of information. It revealing that maximum demographic variables do not affected the level of knowledge.

Conclusions: The level of knowledge about pediatric first aid management among mothers was satisfactory. But still the mothers require the need of pediatric first aid health information among mothers to save and safe the children.

 

Keywords: Knowledge, Pediatric First Aid Management, Mothers with Under Five Children.
Prevalence of High Intensity Zone in Lumbar Spine and its Correlation with Lumbar Disc Degeneration in Patients Attending Tertiary Hospital of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Jha Subash Chandra , Raut Satendra , Gupta Pradip Kumar , Parajuli Surya
Published: December 2021

Introduction: A high intensity zone (HIZ) in intervertebral disc (IVD) of lumbar spine is a high intensity signal located in the annulus fibrosus of T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. There is limited information on the prevalence of HIZ in lumbar spine in Nepalese population. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify the prevalence of HIZ according to the age and its correlation with degenerated disc, disc herniation & bulge and modic changes.

Methods: This was a prospective MR based study in 268 patients (1380 IVD) with LBP, Leg pain or numbness. The prevalence and correlation of HIZ , degenerated disc, disc herniation and bulge and modic change was evaluated in 5 age groups (<20, 20-39, 40-59, 60-79, >80).

Results: The prevalence of HIZ in patients with LBP was 30.5%. Total 1340 IVD were examined out of which122 had HIZ, 742 had degenerated disc, 688 had disc herniation and bulge and 182 had modic changes. Degenerated disc was observed in 95% (116/122) and 51.3% (626/1218) of disc with and without HIZ respectively. Disc herniation and bulge were observed in 98.3% (120/122) and 46.6% (568/1218) of the disc with and without HIZ, respectively. Modic changes were observed in 11.4% (14/122) and 13.7% (168/1218) of disc with and without HIZ respectively.

Conclusions: There was statistically significant correlation between existence of HIZ and degenerated discand disc herniation and bulge, but there was no correlation with the existence of modic changes.
Design, simulation and performance evaluation of vertical axis helical wind turbine
Authors: Karki Bikash , Subedi Ashok , Sigdel Himal , Bartaula Pradeep
Published: December 2021

This report is all about the design, simulation, fabrication, and performance evaluation of the VAHWT. The experimental data obtained via testing and data from CFD approach are used for performance evaluation. From the data obtained experimentally, the VAHWT so fabricated has been found to operate at the low cut-in speed of 3.18 m/s and maximum power output has been found to be 2.656 watts at the wind speed of 8 m/s. The maximum rpm of the rotor blade is recorded to be 722.2 rpm at the velocity of 11.53 m/s signifying its potentiality of wind power production. Besides, the data so obtained from both the process when analyzed through graph plots, has shown the similar nature slope wise. This simply signifies the generation of satisfactory data via experiment. In addition, the mechanical losses has shown difference between the experimental and data obtained via CFD approach. At the end, when applying CFD approach for evaluation of maximum efficient turbine varying the aspect ratio, has shown the turbine with aspect ratio of 0.6531 to be the most efficient with performance coefficient of 36.396%. However due to limitation in RPM and Test rig, the rotor blade with aspect ratio of 0.6956 was fabricated and used for evaluation experimentally. The data so obtained from both the process were concluded to be relevant to each other. Thus, the detail study on this project has led to the need and opportunity of VAHWT to be further researched and can be developed as a good source of energy producing system. It can also be economical method of power extraction from wind in the countries like Nepal with growing urbanization.
Image based flower species classification using CNN
Authors: Giri Santosh
Published: December 2021

Deep learning is one of the essential parts of machine learning. Applications such as image classification, text recognition, object detection etc. used deep learning architectures. In this paper neural network model was designed for image classification. A NN classifier with one fully connected layer and one softmax layer was designed and feature extraction part of inception v3 model was reused to calculate the feature value of each images. And by using these feature values the NN classifier was trained. By adopting transfer learning mechanism NN classifier was trained with 17 classes of oxford 17 flower image dataset. The system provided final training accuracy of 99 %. After training, system was evaluated with testing dataset images. The mean testing accuracy was 86.4%.
School of Nepalese Architecture
Authors: Thapa Shree Hari
Published: December 2021

Architecture is an art of creation for the shelter of human beings. The shelter is called a secured place by the fierce animals, natural calamity, and with complete privacy. The school of architecture is distinguished in its use of construction material, skill, techniques, technology, form including the aspiration of the human being on the geographical strata. The technology and tradition of the construction of a building with certain forms and pattern are influenced by the climate, time, situation, and native construction material. Similarly, the migrants, traders, pilgrimage and travelers had transferred knowledge of tradition and technology with the principle of design philosophy from one place to another. The local or indigenous peoples, who lived or inhabit in the region with climate and geological strata, house form and pattern is varied due to the availability of indigenous construction material. The settlement pattern and the design philosophy of the houses in Nepal are geographically divided into three different regions due to its distinctive ways of construction.
Conservation of heritage areas
Authors: Bajracharya Sujata
Published: December 2021

Conservation and heritage areas both are very sensible and important for any nation. For our country, Nepal, it is more important asit has lots of national and international heritage areas and have to conserve as much as possible in a suitable and best way. As one should know the typical type of process which can be followed as required by any heritage area. To conserve the heritage area, one may follow one or more than one process for same project. According to international conservation pattern or rules, here comes few types of conservation ways which may be fitted for our context too.
Late Quaternary plant macrofossil assemblages from the Besigaon section of the Gokarna Formation, Kathmandu Valley, central Nepal
Authors: Paudyal Khum Narayan , Bhandari Sudarshan , Momohara Arata
Published: December 2021

Plant macrofossil investigation was carried out on the Late Quaternary sediments of the Kathmandu Valley, central Nepal. The fluvial-deltaic to fluvio-lacustrine deposits of the Kathmandu Basin are found to be rich in plant macrofossil assemblages. A total of 66tax.a from 38 families were identified to genus and some of them up to species level from five different macrofossil bearing layers (BG- I Lo BG-5) from the 33 m thick Besigaon section belonging to the Gokarna Formation exposed at the northern part of the basin. The lower half of the exposed section is completely devoid of macrofossil horizons, however the upper half yielded a significant amount which could be used for climatic interpretation. The characteristic feature of the Besigaon section is the dominance of angiosperms in the lower and middle horizons (BG-I, BG-2, BG-3) but gymnosperms in the upper horizons (BG-4, BG-5). The dominance of angiosperms such as Carpinus, Alnus, Pyracantha, Quercus subgen. Cyclobalanopsis, Eurya and Zizyphus suggest the deposition of the lower and middle horizons in warm temperate climatic condition. The humid phase is documented during deposition of the BG-3 and BG-4 horizons with the findings of Selaginella remotifolia and wetland aquatic taxa such Carex, Schoenoplectus, Nymphoides indica. In contrast, the upper horizons dominated by gymnosperms such as Abies, Pinus, Picea  smithiana, Tsuga  dumosa  and Taxus  wallichiana  represent  cold and humid climate. The macrofossils from Besigaon section suggest minor fluctuation in climate from wam1to cold temperate phase with increasing humidity during the Late Pleistocene.
Geology along the Arniko Highway between Barabise and Kodari (China-Nepal Boarder) area, central Himalaya
Authors: Rai Santa Man
Published: December 2021

The area between Barabise and Kodari in central Nepal along the Arniko Highway is geologically located into Higher Himalayan Crystallines (HHC) and Lesser Himalayan Sequence (LHS) that is separated by the Main Central Thrust (MCT). The HHC consists of amphibolite facies rocks (pelitic schist, psamitic schist, pelitic gneiss and quartzite), while LHS is comprised by green schist to amphibolite facies rocks (phyllite, calcareous phyllite, garnet-mica schist, black schist, quartzite and augen gneiss) in uppermost section and carbonate (dolomite and limestone) with phyllite, and metasandstone in lower section. The MCT in the area is oriented in E-W direction with about 30° dip due north and S-C structure preserved in augen gneiss of LHS characterizes the top-to-south sense of shearing, which could be related to the movement along the MCT. Mineral lineation marked by stretched mica indicates N to NNE direction in both HHC and LHS.

Metamorphism of inverse grade from biotite at stratigraphically lower most section of Kuncha Formation to garnet at the uppermost section having schist and augen gneiss is obvious close to the MCT in the section. However, the Kuncha Formation contains tiny crystals of garnet in the rocks of greenschist facies. Kyanite and sillimanite isograds are developed in pelitic and psamitic schists, and pelitic schists appeared at the basal part of HHC above the MCT. The transformation of garnet to chlorite at the margin and fractures and formation of chlorite within bulk rocks of the MCT zone and HHC are the indicators of traces of retrograde metamorphism because of dropping in pressure-temperature probably related to post deformation event.
Seismic hazard assessment of eastern Nepal using 1934 and 1988 earthquakes
Authors: Chamlagain Deepak , Bhattarai Ganesh Kumar , Rajaure Sudhir
Published: December 2021

The Himalayan arc is widely considered as one of the hot spots in terms of earthquake disaster. Nepal, which is centrally located in the Himalayan region, has witnessed many medium to large earthquakes in the past, e.g., 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake, 19 88 Udayapur earthquake. Because of lack of income resources in rural area, considerable number of population has already migrated to the major urban areas of the country and the trend is still continued. With such population pressure and also economic constrains, major part of population is residing in weak and non-engineered structures of the unplanned urban areas. Consequently, it has put large population at high risk of earthquake disaster. It is, therefore, necessary to assess the seismic hazard so that proper mitigation measures may be adopted for the safeguard of the population, property and infrastructures under risk.

In this contribution, preliminary Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) for eastern Nepal is carried out taking two point sources, i.e. 19 3 4 Bihar -Ne pal and 1988 Udayapur earthquakes. For Bihar-Nepal earthquake Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) of 100 gal is computed for southeastern Nepal and exceeds as much as 350 gal near the epicenter. The 1988 Udayapur earthquake having smaller magnitude than 1934 Bihar Nepal earthquake has given maximum 300 gal of PGA. The computed intensities for both earthquakes almost correspond with the observed values. The study, for the first time, provides strong ground motion data at local level and may be useful in designing engineering structures, upgradation of building code and most importantly to formulate policy for earthquake risk management in eastern Nepal.