bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radionuclides distribution and radiation hazards assessment of black sand separation plant’s minerals: a case study
Authors: Nabil Islam M. , El-Samrah Moamen G. , Sayed A. F. El , Shazly Ahmed , Omar Ahmed
Published: March 2024

This study assessed the radioactivity levels and associated risks in the black sand-separated products obtained from the black sand separation plant in Delta, Egypt. A total of sixteen samples were taken from hot spots during and after the separation process. These include water samples and other samples that represent monazite, rutile, zircon, granite, ilmenite, and silica products. The hot spots included the area where the ore was stored. The activity concentrations of $$^{232}Th$$

232

T
h

, $$^{226}Ra$$

226

R
a

, and $$^{40}K$$

40

K

were determined in these samples using a p-type HPGe detector. Based on gamma spectrometric analysis, samples of rutile, zircon, and monazite had the highest amounts of radioactivity because they contained the highest NORM’s activity concentrations. In addition, it indicated that the radiological hazard indices of the collected samples were higher than the average world limits for sand texture. These findings suggest that the black sand separation process reveals potential risks to human health and the environment, and therefore, appropriate measures need to be taken to mitigate these risks, especially for the safety of the workers on-site. Reducing the risk associated with those sites should be controlled by implementing the recommendations declared for the series of International Basic Safety Standards of the International Atomic Energy Agency (GSR) Part 3, as affirmed in Document No. 103 of 2007 by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) as will be presented in the paper body.
Design and analysis of centrifugal compressor in carbon dioxide heat pump system
Authors: Jiang Peng , Tian Yong , Wang Bo , Guo Chaohong
Published: March 2024

Based on the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection and high efficiency, carbon dioxide heat pump system has great application prospects. However, there are still many technical problems to be solved, especially the design and optimization of carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor. In this paper, a centrifugal compressor in carbon dioxide heat pump system is designed. The compressor is directly driven by a high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor. Two-stage impellers are installed on both sides of the motor, and the bearings are active magnetic bearings. The influences of inlet pressure and temperature on compressor performance are analyzed. In the range of inlet temperature from 35 to 55 °C, with the decrease of inlet temperature, the compressor pressure ratio increases by 12–29.8%, the power increases by 2.7–8.6%. In the range of inlet pressure from 4 to 6 MPa, with the increase of inlet pressure, the compressor pressure ratio increases by 12.3–38.6%, and the power increases by 8.7–17.8%. In addition, the calculation method of compressor axial force is introduced, the axial force is calculated, analyzed and optimized. Furthermore, the rotor dynamics of compressor rotor and the influences of bearing stiffness and diameter of motor rotor on rotor dynamics are studied. With the increase of bearing stiffness, the first-order critical speed and maximum displacement of the rotor increase. The research provides a theoretical reference for the design and optimization of centrifugal compressor in carbon dioxide heat pump system.
A new method for the preparation of MgAl layered double hydroxide-copper metal–organic frameworks structures: application to electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde
Authors: Habibi Biuck , Pashazadeh Ali , Pashazadeh Sara , Saghatforoush Lotf Ali
Published: March 2024

In this research, we present a novel design protocol for the in-situ synthesis of MgAl layered double hydroxide-copper metal–organic frameworks (LDH-MOFs) nanocomposite based on the electrocoagulation process and chemical method. The overall goal in this project is the primary synthesis of para-phthalic acid (PTA) intercalated MgAl-LDH with Cu (II) ions to produce the paddle-wheel like Cu-(PTA) MOFs nanocrystals on/in the MgAl-LDH structure. The physicochemical properties of final product; Cu-(PTA) MOFs/MgAl-LDH, were characterized by the surface analysis and chemical identification methods (SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD, BET, FTIR, CHN, DLS, etc.). The Cu-(PTA) MOFs/MgAl-LDH nanocomposite was used to modification of the carbon paste electrode (CPE); Cu-(PTA) MOFs/MgAl-LDH/CPE. The electrochemical performance of Cu-(PTA) MOFs/MgAl-LDH/CPE was demonstrated through the utilization of electrochemical methods. The results show a stable redox behavior of the Cu (III)/Cu (II) at the surface of Cu-(PTA) MOFs/MgAl-LDH/CPE in alkaline medium (aqueous 0.1 M NaOH electrolyte). Then, the Cu-(PTA) MOFs/MgAl-LDH/CPE was used as a new electrocatalyst toward the oxidation of formaldehyde (FA). Electrochemical data show that the Cu-(PTA) MOFs/MgAl-LDH/CPE exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance on the oxidation of FA. Also the diffusion coefficient, exchange current density (J°) and mean value of catalytic rate constant (Kcat) were found to be 1.18 × 10–6 cm2 s−1, 23 mA cm-2 and 0.4537 × 104 cm3 mol−1 s−1, respectively. In general, it can be said the Cu-(PTA) MOFs/MgAl-LDHs is promising candidate for applications in direct formaldehyde fuel cells.
A new model for compressor surge and stall control
Authors: Shahriyari M. J. , Firouzabadi A. , Khaleghi H. , Esmailifar S. M.
Published: March 2024

This paper compares the bifurcations and closed-loop performances of two compressor models, Moore-Greitzer (MG) and a developed model based on MG (Shahriyari Khaleghi, SK). First, both models are linearized about two equilibrium points (pure surge and fully-developed rotating stall), and the perturbed state-space dynamics and input matrices are obtained. The compressor unstable regions are then identified using an eigenvalue and global bifurcation analysis. Furthermore, optimal LQR controllers are designed, and the performances of closed-loop systems are compared. The LQRs are designed to control the compression system near the peak pressure rise by suppressing surge or stall. Results reveal that if the initial operating point is in the positive slope region of the compressor characteristic and the initial amplitude of the disturbances is small, the LQR controller can stabilize the compressor in both models. However, when the disturbances are intensive, the two models respond differently: although the SK model damps a fair range of disturbances and predicts instability for excessively powerful disturbances, the MG model always damps them, even when extremely intense. Without a controller in the MG model, initial disturbances (even very large) can never grow and are always damped in the compressor’s negative slope region (obviously, the same applies to the controller). However, pending the amplitude of the disturbances (in the absence of a controller), the disturbances in the SK model may be damped or grow. The SK model can successfully control the instabilities if the disturbances are small. Nonetheless, the controller fails to dampen the instabilities for extreme disturbances, which is consistent with reality.
Association between long-term sedentary behavior and depressive symptoms in U.S. adults
Authors: Guo Yuyang , Li Kaixin , Zhao Yue , Wang Changhong , Mo Hongfei , Li Yan
Published: March 2024

The study aimed to investigate the association between long-term sedentary behavior (LTSB) and depressive symptoms within a representative sample of the U.S. adult population. Data from NHANES 2017–2018 were used, encompassing information on demographics, depressive symptoms, physical activity (PA), and LTSB. Depressive symptoms were identified using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with “depressive symptoms” defined as a PHQ-9 score of ≥ 5, and “moderate to severe depressive symptoms (MSDS)” defined as a PHQ-9 score of ≥ 10. PA and LTSB were assessed through the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, where LTSB was interpreted as sedentary time ≥ 600 min. Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) curves were utilized to observe potential nonlinear relationships. Binary Logistic regressions were conducted to analyze the associations. A total of 4728 participants (mean age 51.00 ± 17.49 years, 2310 males and 2418 females) were included in the study. Among these individuals, 1194 (25.25%) displayed depressive symptoms, with 417 (8.82%) exhibiting MSDS. RCS curves displayed increased risk of depressive symptoms with prolonged sedentary duration. Logistic regression models indicated significant associations between LTSB and depressive symptoms (OR 1.398, 95% CI 1.098–1.780), and LTSB and MSDS (OR 1.567, 95% CI 1.125–2.183), after adjusting for covariates. These findings suggest that LTSB may act as a potential risk factor for both depressive symptoms and MSDS in the studied population.
Detecting stochastic multiresonance in neural networks via statistical complexity measure
Authors: Wu Yazhen , Sun Zhongkui
Published: March 2024

This paper employs statistical complexity measure (SCM) to investigate the occurrence of stochastic multiresonance (SMR) induced by noise and time delay in small-world neural networks coupled with FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) neurons. Our findings reveal that SCM exhibits four local maxima at four optimal noise levels, providing evidence for the occurrence of quadruple stochastic resonances. When time delay $$\tau$$
τ
is taken into account in the information transmission, under moderate noise levels, SCM shows several local maxima when $$\tau = nT_{e}$$

τ
=
n

T
e

with $$n$$
n
being a positive integer and $$T_{e}$$

T
e

being the period of subthreshold signal. This indicates the appearance of delay-induced SMR at the multiples of the period of subthreshold signal. Intriguingly, at low noise levels, a strong coherence between time delay and neuronal firing dynamics emerges at $$\tau = nT_{e} - 2$$

τ
=
n

T
e

-
2

, as confirmed by a series of SCM maxima at these time delays. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that by adjusting the degrees and sizes of small-world networks, as well as the coupling strength, it is possible to optimize the strength of delay-induced SMR, thus maximizing the detection capability of subthreshold signal. The research results may provide us with an effective approach for understanding the role of time delay in signal detection and information transmission.
Self-assembled peptide-dye nanostructures for in vivo tumor imaging and photodynamic toxicity
Authors: Borum Raina M. , Retout Maurice , Creyer Matthew N. , Chang Yu-Ci , Gregorio Karlo , Jokerst Jesse V.
Published: March 2024

We report noncovalent assemblies of iRGD peptides and methylene blue dyes via electrostatic and hydrophobic stacking. These resulting nanomaterials could bind to cancer cells, image them with photoacoustic signal, and then treat them via photodynamic therapy. We first assessed the optical properties and physical properties of the materials. We then evaluated their utility for live cell targeting, in vivo imaging, and in vivo photodynamic toxicity. We tuned the performance of iRGD by adding aspartic acid (DD) or tryptophan doublets (WW) to the peptide to promote electrostatic or hydrophobic stacking with methylene blue, respectively. The iRGD-DD led to 150-nm branched nanoparticles, but iRGD-WW produced 200-nm nano spheres. The branched particles had an absorbance peak that was redshifted to 720 nm suitable for photoacoustic signal. The nanospheres had a peak at 680 nm similar to monomeric methylene blue. Upon continuous irradiation, the nanospheres and branched nanoparticles led to a 116.62% and 94.82% increase in reactive oxygen species in SKOV-3 cells relative to free methylene blue at isomolar concentrations suggesting photodynamic toxicity. Targeted uptake was validated via competitive inhibition. Finally, we used in vivo bioluminescent signal to monitor tumor burden and the effect of for photodynamic therapy: The nanospheres had little impact versus controls (p = 0.089), but the branched nanoparticles slowed SKOV-3 tumor burden by 75.9% (p < 0.05).
Environmental In Vivo NMR: Explaining Toxicity and Processes at the Biochemical Level
Authors: Lysak D. H. , Wolff W. W. , Costa P. M. , Simpson A. J.
Published: March 2024

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful analytical technique applicable to diverse environmental samples. In particular, the high reproducibility, the ability for non-targeted analysis and the non-destructive nature of NMR make it especially suited to the study of living organisms, which is known as in vivo NMR. This chapter explores the utility of in vivo NMR in environmental metabolomics. By studying metabolic changes within living organisms in response to various stressors/toxicants, unique perspectives and improved understanding of environmental toxicity and biochemical processes can be gained. Here, the benefits, challenges, instrumentation and current approaches used in vivo are discussed, with an emphasis on the information that can be obtained. Overall, despite the significant potential of in vivo NMR, it remains underutilized in the field of environmental chemistry.
Detection of Adulterations and Contaminations in Food Products by NMR
Authors: Domenici V.
Published: March 2024

In this contribution, the state of the art of NMR studies aiming to identify food adulterations and contaminations is reported. NMR spectroscopic techniques, from high resolution NMR coupled with chemometrics to low resolution and low field NMR techniques, have been widely applied to study food safety, traceability and authenticity. In this chapter, a brief overview of NMR methodologies, explicative examples and several applications concerning the detection of specific frauds in food and agricultural products is provided.
Discrete fast Fourier transform-assisted ultraviolet-infrared dual resonance spectroscopy for aerosol detection and identification
Authors: Rajaei Ramsheh Marjan , Doroodmand Mohammad Mahdi
Published: March 2024

Aerosol decrease is considered as one of the most important environmental challenges.
Protective effect of Pediococcus pentosaceus Li05 on diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in rats
Authors: Wu Youhe , Li Shengjie , Lv Longxian , Jiang Shiman , Xu Lvwan , Chen Hui , Li Lanjuan
Published: March 2024

Pediococcus pentosaceus Li05 (Li05) mainly improves IBS-D by reducing 5-HT3B expression, improving intestinal mucosal inflammation, intestinal microbiota, and metabolites, and modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolite production.
Efficient arsenate capture using mixed-metal La/Zr-MOF internal complexation
Authors: Huang Pengna , Qi Xianjin , Duan Xiaoxu , Jiang Wenqi , Yang Nina , Zhi Gang , Wang Jianhua
Published: March 2024

The mixed-metal organic framework La/Zr-MOF-4 exhibits both La-BDC and Zr-BDC morphology characteristics with a maximum adsorption capacity of 694 mg g−1 for arsenic, making it a promising candidate material for wastewater treatment.
Effect of electrolyte optimization on nitrogen-doped MXene (Ti3C2Tx) coupled with Cu–BTC MOF for a supercapattery and the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Hassan Haseebul , Umar Ehtisham , Iqbal M. Waqas , Alqorashi Afaf Khadr , Almutair Badriah S. , Alrobei Hussein , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Ahmad Niaz
Published: March 2024

Recently, many studies have been done on MXene (2D titanium carbide) for energy storage applications.
Molecular structure of ketoprofen-polyvinylpyrrolidone solid dispersions prepared by different amorphization methods
Authors: Wilke Stephen K. , Benmore Chris J. , Menon Vrishank , Smith Dan , Byrn Stephen R. , Weber Richard
Published: March 2024

Amorphous solid dispersions of ketoprofen-polyvinylpyrrolidone are prepared by five different techniques; X-ray total scattering reveals differences in their intermolecular structures.
Modular synthesis of functional libraries by accelerated SuFEx click chemistry
Authors: Homer Joshua A. , Koelln Rebecca A. , Barrow Andrew S. , Gialelis Timothy L. , Boiarska Zlata , Steinohrt Nikita S. , Lee Erinna F. , Yang Wen-Hsuan , Johnson Robert M. , Chung Taemoon , Habowski Amber N. , Vishwakarma Dharmendra S. , Bhunia Debmalya , Avanzi Charlotte , Moorhouse Adam D. , Jackson Mary , Tuveson David A. , Lyons Scott K. , Lukey Michael J. , Fairlie W. Douglas , Haider Shozeb M. , Steinmetz Michel O. , Prota Andrea E. , Moses John E.
Published: March 2024

The Accelerated SuFEx Click Chemistry (ASCC) protocol, adapted to a 96-well plate format, has been applied to the late-stage derivatization of bioactive molecules and array synthesis of anticancer agents, showcasing its potential for drug discovery.
Addition of allyl Grignard to nitriles in air and at room temperature: experimental and computational mechanistic insights in pH-switchable synthesis
Authors: Parra-Cadenas Blanca , Fernández Israel , Carrillo-Hermosilla Fernando , García-Álvarez Joaquín , Elorriaga David
Published: March 2024

Surpassing the tradition, experimental and DFT calculations showed the crucial role of water in the selective synthesis of tetrahydropyridines, aminoketones or enamines via allyl Grignard addition to nitriles, unmatched by dry organic solvents.
High degree of silanization of olive wood shell stone and its use in polyester biocomposites
Authors: Olmedo-Navarro Melissa , Pérez Juana M. , Gutiérrez-Segura Natalia , Sánchez-Sevilla Bernardo , Soriano-Jerez Yolanda , Alonso Diego A. , Cerón Mari Carmen , Fernández Ignacio
Published: March 2024

A full optimization of the reaction conditions for the high degree of functionalization of olive wood shell stone (OS) with silanes of different nature has been conducted.
Gas-fed photoelectrochemical reactions sustained by phosphotungstic acid as an inorganic surface electrolyte
Authors: Amano Fumiaki , Tsushiro Keisuke , Akamoto Chiho
Published: March 2024

Phosphotungstic acid (H3PW12O40) can function as a surface solid electrolyte for porous WO3 photoanode in gas-phase photoelectrochemical reactions such as water vapour splitting and methane conversion in the absence of liquid electrolytes.
Fabrication and optimization of activated carbon-based graphene oxide from rice husks as an alternative to graphite
Authors: Fathy Nady A. , Sayed Ahmed Sohair A. , Aboelenin Reham M. , El-Shafey Shaimaa S.
Published: March 2024

Processing of renewable, abundant, and low-cost biomass into graphene materials such as porous carbon materials for application in the environmental field, electronics and clean energy has been attracting interest in the last few decades.
Photoelectrochemical immunoassay for the breast cancer biomarker CA 15-3 based on In2O3/ZnIn2S4 heterojunctions
Authors: Xue Jiajie , Kong Lingjun , Lin Wei , Zhang Jiasheng , Zhu Youzhi
Published: March 2024

A split-type photoelectrochemical immunoassay was designed to detect CA 15-3 using In2O3/ZnIn2S4 heterojunctions as the photoactive materials.
Anapole assisted self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in perovskite metasurfaces
Authors: Yang Weimin , Wang Jingyu , He Yonglin , Jiang Shengjie , Hou Liling , Zhuo Liqiang
Published: March 2024

We propose a new strategy to significantly enhance optical responses of the anapole excited in perovskite metasurfaces with a low index by using metallic substrates and further to maximize the coupling strength and Rabi splitting.
Mono-, bi- and tri-metallic Fe-based platinum group metal-free electrocatalysts derived from phthalocyanine for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media
Authors: Mirshokraee Seyed Ariana , Muhyuddin Mohsin , Orsilli Jacopo , Berretti Enrico , Lavacchi Alessandro , Lo Vecchio Carmelo , Baglio Vincenzo , Viscardi Rosanna , Zaffora Andrea , Di Franco Francesco , Santamaria Monica , Olivi Luca , Pollastri Simone , Santoro Carlo
Published: March 2024

A detailed investigation into Fe-based catalysts derived from phthalocyanine with mono, bi, and tri-metallic compositions is presented, focusing on how their processing and structure affect their oxygen reduction reaction activity in alkaline media.
Circularly polarized luminescence in quantum dot-based materials
Authors: Liu Yanze , Gao Xiaobin , Zhao Biao , Deng Jianping
Published: March 2024

Quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as fantastic luminescent nanomaterials with significant potential due to their unique photoluminescence properties.
The cost of being a PhD student in the UK
Authors: El Kurdi Marya
Published: March 2024

I was born and raised in Lebanon, a country that holds education on a pedestal, but unfortunately doesn’t have sizable resources for scientific research. After getting my bachelor’s degree, I was in a good academic position and was able to balance a part-time job and a new degree. This allowed me to get into a master’s degree program at an esteemed university with a good research budget. This exposure to what could be achieved if lab spaces are adequately resourced is what made me interested in pursuing my PhD in a more research-centred country, the UK.
De l’impact du désordre sur l’apparence visuelle de surfaces nanostructurées
Authors: Vynck Kevin , Fourneau Gary , Pacanowski Romain , Barla Pascal , Lalanne Philippe
Published: March 2024

La compréhension des effets visuels créés par des nanostructures repose aujourd’hui largement sur des concepts acquis en optique des milieux stratifiés, périodiques et nano-objets résonants, négligeant souvent les irrégularités et les imperfections. En combinant modèles électromagnétiques et synthèse d’images, nous montrons ici que le désordre structurel est essentiel à l’apparence visuelle d’un objet et que son ingénierie ouvre de nouvelles possibilités en termes de conception d’apparence.
Paediatric cancer risks associated with chest computed tomography (CT) scans: comparison of routine chest and COVID-19 diagnosis CT protocols
Authors: Keshtkar M.
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to compare the radiation dose and cancer incidence risk associated with two chest Computed Tomography (CT) protocols: routine chest CT (RC-CT) and COVID-19 Diagnosis CT protocol (CD-CT). The study included 254 pediatric patients divided into three age groups: G1 (<5), G2 (5–<10), and G3 (10–15). The effective diameter, volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP), size specific dose estimate (SSDE), organ doses, and cancer incidence risk were calculated for the two protocols. Organ doses (mSv) and effective dose (mSv) were estimated using the National Cancer Institute dosimetry system for CT (NCICT) software. Estimation of cancer incidence risks were conducted according to the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) VII report. The oldest group (G3) in two protocols exhibited the greatest values for CTDIvol, DLP, effective dose and SSDE. The results showed that CD-CT protocol resulted in statistically significant (p < 0.05) lower organ doses and cancer incidence risk. The cancer incidence risk for both protocols did not exceed the reference levels reported in literature surveys on pediatric CT chest radiation dose for all age groups. It can be concluded that the choice of CT protocol can significantly impact the radiation dose received by pediatric patients during CT imaging, highlighting the importance of carefully selecting the appropriate protocol to minimize radiation exposure.
Meta Style: The Visual Maze of AIGC Art
Authors: Gao Jie , Yin Jun
Published: March 2024

This article aims to explore whether the visual style in AIGC art is constrained by certain factors that hinder the emergence of new styles and to analyze possible paths beyond this limitation. Methodologically, the article first deconstructs and subverts established visual rules in AIGC art from a post-structuralist perspective. Subsequently, it analyzes the limitations that AIGC art currently faces in innovation, namely, excessive reliance on imitating existing styles, from a perspective of technological philosophy. Finally, it proposes breakthroughs in style innovation for AIGC art through diversified training data, human-machine collaboration, and assimilating multicultural resources. The conclusion suggests that there is potential to surpass the 'visual maze' in AIGC art, but it requires progress in various aspects such as data, models, human-machine interaction to achieve this breakthrough. This will not only promote the development of AIGC art itself but also enrich the aesthetic experience of humanity.
The “No Reflective Loss” Principle: Towards to the “Priority Rule”
Authors: Zhao Jiyang
Published: March 2024

This essay discusses how the “no reflective loss” principle has developed and its current problem. “No reflective loss” principle, introduced in Prudential Assurance Co Ltd v Newman Industries Ltd (No.2), developed in Johnson v Gore Wood & Co, is gradually becoming unreasonable, since the application of it has expanded to an exaggerated extent. In the case Sevilleja v Marex Financial Ltd, “no reflective loss” principle was been narrowed, but its fundamentalism brought other issues. Because of the poor policy considerations of “no reflective loss” principle, cases concerning reflective loss are more suitable to be resolved using the “priority rule”. The "Priority rule" not only protects the autonomy of corporate governance, but also protects the interests of shareholders who are overlooked in "no reflective loss" principle and also prevents the problem of double recovery, so the future of this principle is brighter than that of “no reflective loss.” Although this essay has discussed the "priority rule" mainly in two scenarios, there are certainly some refinements to applying it in practice. Further studies should be carried out on a practical level, relating to specific cases, by implementing this principle in existing cases.
Navigating Fluid Identities: An Integrative Analysis of the LGBT Experience Through the Prisms of Gender and Sexuality Studies
Authors: Li Yating
Published: March 2024

The intersection of gender and sexuality studies is a dynamic field that delves into the nuanced ways in which these fundamental aspects of identity are constructed and understood within different cultural contexts. This article aims to cast light on the diverse experiences of the LGBT community, focusing on how their stories inform our comprehension of gender and sexuality's fluidity. We delve into the historical evolution of the LGBT movement, tracing its origins and milestones to better understand its impact on contemporary societal norms. Additionally, we explore how cultural forces shape and transform gender and sexuality identities, acknowledging that these influences can both empower and constrain individuals within the LGBT spectrum. In examining the manifold challenges that LGBT individuals encounter, from discrimination to the fight for equal rights and recognition, this study seeks to unearth the intricate ways in which gender, sexuality, and culture are interwoven, and how they collectively influence the lived experiences of LGBT persons. Through this lens, we aspire to contribute to a broader and more inclusive discourse around gender and sexual diversity, emphasizing the importance of understanding and embracing this complexity in the pursuit of a more equitable society.
An Exploration of Feasible Approaches to Soundscape and Music Therapy
Authors: Wu Yuting
Published: March 2024

Stressful and strained workplace settings are becoming more common in modern culture, significantly affecting employees' mental well-being and work productivity. The purpose of this article is to investigate the usage of soundscape in the workplace using music therapy. We will cover the present state of soundscape development in conjunction with music therapy possibilities, as well as merging the good effects of soundscape with music therapy interventions to build a unique emotional intervention program. We will also look at crucial elements and testing methods to consider, as well as how these can be incorporated and examined early in the program design process. Most importantly, our research aims to validate the feasibility of soundscape combined with music therapy methods for workspace applications in the hope of improving working population stress and emotional state through intelligent interventions, thereby improving the overall work environment and employee well-being, enabling employees to better cope with stress, increase productivity, and achieve a balance between work and life.
Retrospektive Langzeitergebnisse nach einer Nervendekompression nach
Dellon am Unterschenkel bei Polyneuropathie
Authors: Meyer-Marcotty Max V. , Attabit Abduasalam , März Vincent , Vogt Peter M.
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund Im Rahmen einer Polyneuropathie klagen die Patienten oft über
Schmerzen, Kribbeln, Taubheitsgefühle und eine vermehrte Sturzneigung. Nach
Ausschöpfen der konservativen Therapiemaßnahmen und bei Fortbestehen der
Beschwerden kann über eine Nervendekompression an der unteren Extremität bei
vielen Patienten eine Verbesserung der Beschwerden erreicht werden. Wir stellen
hier unsere Langzeitergebnisse dieser Operationsmethode vor.

Methode In die Studie wurden 33 Patienten mit einer idiopathischen oder
diabetischen Polyneuropathie, bei denen eine Nervendekompression nach Dellon in
den Jahren 2011–2013 an der unteren Extremität durchgeführt wurde,
eingeschlossen. Untersucht wurden bei 29 von 33 Patienten 3 Monate postoperativ
das Schmerzniveau (NRS 0–10), Kribbelparästhesien, Taubheitsgefühl,
Hoffman-Tinel-Zeichen und Semmes-Weinstein-Monofilament. 88 Monate postoperativ
(78–111 Monate) konnten wir 20 von 33 operierten Patienten anhand eines
Fragebogens zum Schmerzniveau (NRS 0–10), zur Zufriedenheit mit dem Ergebnis
(NRS 0–10) und zu der Frage, ob die Patienten diese Operation weiterempfehlen
würden, befragen.

Ergebnisse 1. Signifikante Schmerzreduktion 3 Monate postoperativ NRS 4,5
auf 2,2 (p=0,000). 2. Signifikante Reduktion der Kribbelparästhesien 3 Monate
postoperativ von 84,8% auf 24,2% (p=0,000) 3. Signifikante Reduktion des
Taubheitsgefühls 3 Monate postoperativ von 97% auf 39% (p=0,000). 4.
Signifikante Verbesserung der Oberflächensensibilität 3 Monate postoperativ von
91% ohne Sensibilität auf 28% ohne Sensibilität (P=0,000). 5. Signifikante
Verbesserung des positiven Hoffmann-Tinel-Zeichens 3 Monate postoperativ von 76%
auf 13% (p=0,000). Nach 88 Monaten zeigte sich weiterhin eine signifikante
Schmerzreduktion im Vergleich zu dem präoperativen Wert von NRS 4,5 auf
postoperativ 2,7 (p=0,048). Aufgrund der überwiegenden Patientenzufriedenheit
mit einem Wert von 3,4 (0–10 NRS) sowie Angabe einer deutlichen
Funktionsverbesserung würden 65% der behandelten Patienten das Verfahren
weiterempfehlen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit einer Dekompression nach
Dellon an der unteren Extremität eine andauernde Schmerzreduktion und
Funktionsverbesserung erzielt werden können.
Trideuteromethylation of Alkyl and Aryl Bromides by Nickel-Catalyzed Electrochemical Reductive Cross-Electrophile Coupling
Authors: Steverlynck Joost , Sitdikov Ruzal , Rueping Magnus , Nikolaienko Pavlo , Kale Ajit Prabhakar
Published: March 2024

A new nickel-catalyzed electrochemical, reductive cross-coupling for the trideuteromethylation of alkyl and aryl bromides is reported in which CD3 arenesulfonate derivatives were used as effective and readily available CD3 sources. The CD3-labeled products were obtained with good yields. It was demonstrated that this methodology is scalable and can be efficiently used for various methylations, including 13CH3 and 13CD3 labeling.
Anesthetic Considerations in a Patient with Large Cavernous Carotid Aneurysm
Authors: Singh Nidhi , Regmi Sabina , Jangra Kiran
Published: March 2024

Cavernous carotid aneurysms (CCA) are a rare form of intracranial aneurysms. Patients undergoing clipping of a large unruptured CCA pose multiple anesthetic concerns including intraoperative trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR). The anesthetist's role is paramount, specifically, preprocedure anesthetic preparation, close vital monitoring, familiarity with surgical steps, provision of a relaxed brain, and meticulous control of hemodynamics. Closed-loop communication with the surgeons throughout the surgical procedure is paramount. When TCR occurs, unnecessary use of anticholinergics should be discouraged as the hemodynamic perturbations resolve with cessation of the surgical stimulus.
Robotics in Microsurgery and Supermicrosurgery
Authors: Burns Heather R. , McLennan Alexandra , Xue Erica Y. , Yu Jessie Z. , Selber Jesse C.
Published: March 2024

Microsurgery has changed the ability to perform highly precise and technical surgeries through the utilization of high-powered microscopes and specialized instruments to manipulate and repair anatomical structures as small as a few millimeters. Since the first human trials of robotic-assisted microsurgery in 2006, the expansion of microsurgery to supermicrosurgery (luminal diameter less than 1 mm) has enabled successful repair of previously inaccessible structures. Surgical robotic systems can offer two distinct operative advantages: (1) minimal access surgery—by entering body cavities through ports, flap harvest can be redesigned to affect a minimally invasive approach for flaps such as the rectus abdominis muscle, the latissimus flap, and the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap; and (2) precision—by eliminating physiologic tremor, improving ergonomics, increasing accessibility to difficult spaces, and providing motion scaling, precision is significantly enhanced. Robotic-assisted microsurgery is a promising application of robotics for the plastic surgeon and has played an important role in flap harvest, head and neck reconstruction, nerve reconstruction, gender-affirming surgery, and lymphatic reconstruction—all the while minimizing surgical morbidity. This article aims to review the history, technology, and application of microsurgery and supermicrosurgery in plastic surgery.
Antisense Molecules in Epilepsy—A Neuropharmacological Educational Review
Authors: George Stephen Jefry Winner , George Stephen Jesiha , Ali Mohammed , Kumar Ashwin , Jose Susanna
Published: March 2024

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder. Epilepsy has many therapeutic options, the popular one being antiseizure medications. A good proportion of patients always responds well to the existing treatment modalities. But some patients develop resistant epilepsy, and treating them can be challenging with the current treatment; such scenarios are encountered frequently in patients, especially those under treatment for long-term as well as specific syndromes and channelopathies. Resistant epilepsy warrants the need to develop newer therapeutics for better treatment outcomes, and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are one among them. Our review discusses the more recent startups called ASOs in the context of epilepsy therapeutics.
Spontaneous rupture of polystyrene clusters trapped by acoustic tweezers: From experimental and simulation point of view
Authors: Kabiri Saeedeh , Ghavidel Amir , Derikvandi Sanaz , Rezaei Fatemeh , Amjadi Ahmad , Hamzehpour Hossein
Published: March 2024

In this research, clusters of 450 μm sized polystyrene particles, suspended in a solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were trapped at nodes of acoustic standing waves. It was observed for the first time that under certain circumstances, the clusters of polystyrene become unstable and start spontaneous ruptures. For further investigation of the mechanism of this phenomenon, the acoustic radiation forces between two polystyrene particles in an acoustic trap were studied using the finite element method (FEM), and it was demonstrated that when the particles go toward the trap and approach each other, after a specific distance, the repulsive acoustic interparticle force dramatically builds up. Finally, when it dominates the primary radiation force, it drives the particles apart. Observations show that by increasing the concentration of SDS in the solution from 0.25 to 3 g/l, the rate of spontaneous ruptures increases, and the clusters disintegrate at smaller radii. The threshold radius of the cluster decreased from 4.29 mm (on average) at 0.5 g/l to 2.8 mm (on average) at 3 g/l. FEM methods justified this observation too. As the concentration of SDS in the fluid increases, the viscosity of the fluid rises. Moreover, simulations indicated that by increasing the viscosity of the fluid, the value of repulsive interparticle force dramatically enhances, and the clusters fall apart more quickly. At the concentration of 1 g/l, however, an unexpected instability was observed in the clusters. Following studies on the zeta potential of the particles at different concentrations showed that this unexpected insatiability of the clusters at this concentration could be attributed to electrostatic repulsion among particles. Zeta potential of the particles in different SDS solutions showed that at this concentration, the net negative charge on the particles is maximum. So, the electrostatic repulsive force intensified the repulsive interparticle force among particles and made the cluster burst at the average radius of 2.63 mm.
Equilibrium Taylor bubble in a narrow vertical tube with constriction
Authors: Maestri Rhandrey , Radhakrishnakumar Subhadrakutty , Bürkle Florian , Ding Wei , Büttner Lars , Czarske Jürgen , Hampel Uwe , Lecrivain Gregory
Published: March 2024

Air Taylor bubbles in a millichannel filled with water are characterized by an elongated shape, a bullet-shaped nose (head), and a comparatively flat tail. Many experimental and numerical investigations have been performed in the past. Yet, most of them consider Taylor bubbles in a straight channel with constant cross section. The effect of a local change in the channel geometry on both the bubble shape and the flow fields on each side of the gas–liquid interface is, however, difficult to predict. In this work, we present experimental data obtained in a vertical millichannel, where the flow is moderately obstructed by a constriction, whose ratio ranges from 10% to 36%. We find that the Taylor bubble takes an equilibrium position for downward liquid flow with 264.36 < Re < 529.67 and 264.36 < Re < 728.29 for 10.17% and 18.06% constriction ratios, respectively. In this area, an empirical correlation characterizing the bubble head is provided. Other flow regimes, such as bubble breakup, co- and countercurrent configurations, are identified and shown in the form of a regime map. The results, besides their relevance in process engineering, exhibit high reproducibility and will serve as a reference for future interface-resolving two-phase flow simulations.
Controlling the contrast between absorptivity and emissivity in nonreciprocal thermal emitters
Authors: Jafari Ghalekohneh Sina , Du Changkang , Zhao Bo
Published: March 2024

Recent advancements in nonreciprocal thermal emitters challenge the conventional Kirchhoff's law, which states that emissivity and absorptivity should be equal for a given direction, frequency, and polarization. These emitters can break Kirchhoff's law and enable unprecedented thermal photon control capabilities. However, current studies mainly focus on increasing the magnitude of the contrast between emissivity and absorptivity, with little attention paid to how the sign or bandwidth of the contrast may be controlled. In this work, we show such control ability can be achieved by coupling resonances that can provide opposite contrasts between emissivity and absorptivity.
Experimental and computational fluid dynamics study on the effects of erosion spiral angle of the cone on cyclone separator performance
Authors: Zhang Lehui , Chen Guanghui , Dong Jipeng , Fan Junling , Gao Fei
Published: March 2024

In order to improve the cyclone anti-erosion design and performance, the research on the influences of erosion spiral angle on cyclone flow field and separation performance was conducted by numerical simulations using computational fluid dynamics technique with the aid of the Ansys-Fluent 19.2 software and experiments. Based on numerical simulations, Reynolds stress model was used to describe the variation of airflow field, and Oka erosion model was utilized to make predictions about the cyclone wall erosion. The models were verified by the experimental data, ensuring the accuracy of results in this work. The results reveal that the erosion of fine particles on the cyclone wall is caused by the random interaction, and as the particle size increases, the location of collision between the particle and cyclone wall is closer to the air inlet. The cyclone cylinder in inlet channel front and the bottom of the cone is prone to the structural size deformation by the cyclone wall erosion. The cyclone wall erosion enhances the synergistic effect of the secondary flow inside the cyclone separation space, and the cyclone flow field stability further decreases as the increase in the erosion spiral angle at the cone bottom, resulting in a sharp decline in the cyclone performance. Compared with the cyclone without erosion, as the erosion spiral angle is 30°, the size of completely separated particles increases from 4 to 8 μm, the cut size increases from 1.33 to 1.6 μm, and the pressure drop is 420.73 Pa with a decrease in about 35.44%.
Investigation of the evolution process and propulsion performance of the longitudinal pulsed detonation in rotating detonation combustors
Authors: He Xiao-Jian , Wang Jian-Ping , Ma John Z.
Published: March 2024

An investigation of the evolution process and propulsion performance of the longitudinal pulsed detonation (LPD) is conducted by numerical method in this study. Four computational models, model A–D, of different sizes are applied. A typical “deflagration surface–fast deflagration–LPD–forward shockwave” process of evolution is found for the duration of the LPD, and the LPD is intuitively triggered by the reflected shockwaves. Low injection pressure ratios (PRs; i.e., PR = 1.1–1.3) and combustors with a low length-to-height ratio (L/H) are found to be conducive to the sustenance of the LPD. In addition, based on the knowledge of the inherent acoustic resonance frequency, the sustainable LPD frequency is estimated. When the PR increases, the LPD frequency tends to decrease in the same model. In the evolution process of fast deflagration-LPD, the wave speed increases gradually, which is in good agreement with the previous study. In the propagation process of the forward shockwave, the wave speed increases in general, which is because the pressure difference between the combustor and the outlet accelerates the wave propagation. The propulsion performance of the LPD is also investigated. As the PR increases, the specific impulse Isp of all the four models increases in general. The Isp of the LPD is relatively low compared with that of the rotating detonation mode, and when realizing industrialization of the LPD-based engines, an LPD mode with higher work efficiency needs to be explored. We hope this study of the enlightening LPD mode can provide a foundation for the ensuing application of detonation-based engines.
Current transport mechanisms of metal/TiO2/β-Ga2O3 diodes
Authors: Hendricks Nolan S. , Islam Ahmad E. , Sowers Elizabeth A. , Williams Jeremiah , Dryden Daniel M. , Liddy Kyle J. , Wang Weisong , Speck James S. , Green Andrew J.
Published: March 2024

β-Ga2O3 is of great interest for power electronic devices with efficiency beyond current generation Si, 4H-SiC, and GaN devices due to its large breakdown electric field of ∼8 MV/cm. However, taking advantage of this large field strength in power diodes requires device engineering to reduce leakage current that arises at high electric fields. In this work, we elucidate the current transport mechanisms of metal/TiO2/β-Ga2O3 diodes, showing that thermionic emission is an excellent descriptor of current in forward and reverse bias. It is shown that tunneling current is greatly suppressed, and consequently, that the diodes with the TiO2 interlayer can block orders of magnitude more current than Schottky barrier diodes with the same barrier heights. Finally, a 1200 V diode structure is designed based on the derived transport models, and calculated on- and off-state current characteristics closely align with those of state-of-the-art 4H-SiC commercial devices, indicating that this diode structure is ready to enable the realization of β-Ga2O3 power diodes.
Effect of excitation Strouhal number on a backward-inclined jet flame in crossflow
Authors: Selvaraju Ramprasath , Huang Rong Fung , Hsu Ching Min
Published: March 2024

Combustion is often accompanied by environmental pollution due to incomplete reaction. A non-excited flame usually exhibits poor combustion performance with features of diffusion flame such as dual-peak temperature distributions and large combustion product concentrations. Efficient fuel-air mixing has been identified as a key factor in mitigating this issue. The present study investigated the effects of the acoustic excitation Strouhal number on the combustion performance of a backward-inclined jet flame in crossflow. A loudspeaker was used to induce jet pulsations with excitation Strouhal numbers ranging from 0.47 to 1.54 at a pulsation intensity of 0.90. Time-averaged and instantaneous flame images were captured using digital cameras. A customized R-type thermocouple and a commercial gas analyzer were employed to analyze the thermochemical structures. A critical excitation Strouhal number of approximately 0.9, distinguishing two characteristic flame modes: strongly affected flame (SA flame) and weakly affected flame (WA flame), was found. At excitation Strouhal numbers lower than the critical value, the SA flame featured single-peak temperature profiles and low unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide emissions. The combustion performance was significantly improved due to the strong mixing effect induced by the acoustic excitation. The WA flame appeared at excitation Strouhal numbers higher than the critical value. It exhibited dual-peak temperature distributions and slightly improved combustion performance. The dynamic behavior and emissions of acoustically excited jet flames offered a fascinating insight into the influence of excitation Strouhal numbers on combustion characteristics. More excitation conditions were expected for future research.
0.22-THz extended interaction klystron based on orthogonal interconnection structure
Authors: Wu Zhenhua , Ren Ruizhe , Li Jielong , Shi Zongjun , Ni Lei , Chen Xiaoxing , Hu Min , Zhong Renbin , Zhang Kaichun , Liu Diwei , Wang Wei , Song Tao , Liu Shenggang
Published: March 2024

This paper presents an extended interaction klystron (EIK) operating at 0.22 THz based on a four-sheet-beam orthogonal interconnection structure (OIS). The proposed OIS comprises four vertically positioned trapezoidal line structures, significantly enhancing the coupling efficiency between cavities and achieving optimal interactions with the TM81 mode. This study investigates the dispersion characteristics and field distribution numerically, while the optimal working parameters and output structure were analyzed using the particle-in-cell (PIC) studio. The parameters of each cavity and the selection of five intermediate cavities were finalized by calculating the beam conductance, external quality factor, and stagger-tuning. The EIK generated a continuous 480 W output power with a four-sheet-beam at 17.5 kV and a current density of 200 A/cm2 from an input drive signal of 20 mW. The gain was approximately 43.8 dB.