bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addendum zu Benzol [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2018]
Authors: Kraus T. , Bader M. , Klotz K. , Weistenhöfer W. , Drexler H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: February 2018

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has derived biological reference values (BAR) and re‐evaluated the exposure equivalents for carcinogenic substances (EKA) for the urinary benzene metabolites S‐phenyl mercapturic acid, muconic acid and benzene in 2016. Available publications are described in detail.

The existing exposure equivalents for carcinogenic substances (EKA) for the benzene metabolites were re‐evaluated and extended especially to the low exposure range. For the parameter benzene in urine, new EKA were established.

Taking results of studies into consideration with persons of the general population occupationally not exposed to benzene, with sufficient number of cases and current biomonitoring methods, biological reference values (BAR) of 0.3 µg S‐phenyl mercapturic acid/g creatinine, 150 µg muconic acid/g creatinine and 0.3 µg benzene/l urine were established. Sampling time is at the end of exposure or the end of the working shift.
Copper and its inorganic compounds [BAT Value Documentation, 2017]
Authors: Letzel S. , Roßbach B. , Drexler H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: February 2018

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated copper (CAS No7440‐50‐8) in 2016.

Due to the homeostatic regulation of copper there is no correlation between copper exposure in air and copper in blood or urine. Neither increased inhalation exposure higher than the MAK value of 0.01 mg copper/m3nor increased oral supply lead to an increase of copper in blood or urine, even if first signs of exposure such as increased C‐reactive protein (CRP) are observed. An additional occupational burden cannot be differentiated from physiological levels of copper. Therefore, the evaluation of a biological tolerance value (BAT value) and a biological reference value (“Biologischer Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwert” (BAR)) for copper and its inorganic compounds is not indicated.
Anilin [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2018]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: February 2018

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) for aniline [62‐53‐3]. Available publications and unpublished study reports are described in detail.

Healthy male and female volunteers showed increased methemoglobin values in a 6‐hour‐inhalation‐study with exposure to 2 ml aniline/m3. The median methemoglobin augmentation was 0.5 % from the base level of 0.7 % to 1.2 % methemoglobin. Even taking into account the highest observed increase of methemoglobin, 8 hour‐exposure time and the increased respiratory volume at the workplace, a methemoglobin value of more than 5 % would not be expected. Based on this, the MAK value for aniline of 2 ml/m3(7.7 mg/m3) is confirmed. Aniline is still assigned to Peak Limitation Category II, because systemic effects are critical and the excursion factor of 2 is confirmed. Skin contact is expected to contribute significantly to the systemic toxicity. Therefore, the designation with an “H” is confirmed. Aniline continues to be designated with “Sh” and assigned to Carcinogenicity Category 4.
Hydrodynamically Guided Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Peptide–Protein Bioinks
Authors: Hedegaard Clara L. , Collin Estelle C. , Redondo‐Gómez Carlos , Nguyen Luong T. H. , Ng Kee Woei , Castrejón‐Pita Alfonso A. , Castrejón‐Pita J. Rafael , Mata Alvaro
Published: February 2018

Effective integration of molecular self‐assembly and additive manufacturing would provide a technological leap in bioprinting. This article reports on a biofabrication system based on the hydrodynamically guided co‐assembly of peptide amphiphiles (PAs) with naturally occurring biomolecules and proteins to generate hierarchical constructs with tuneable molecular composition and structural control. The system takes advantage of droplet‐on‐demand inkjet printing to exploit interfacial fluid forces and guide molecular self‐assembly into aligned or disordered nanofibers, hydrogel structures of different geometries and sizes, surface topographies, and higher‐ordered constructs bound by molecular diffusion. PAs are designed to co‐assemble during printing in cell diluent conditions with a range of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and biomolecules including fibronectin, collagen, keratin, elastin‐like proteins, and hyaluronic acid. Using combinations of these molecules, NIH‐3T3 and adipose derived stem cells are bioprinted within complex structures while exhibiting high cell viability (>88%). By integrating self‐assembly with 3D‐bioprinting, the study introduces a novel biofabrication platform capable of encapsulating and spatially distributing multiple cell types within tuneable pericellular environments. In this way, the work demonstrates the potential of the approach to generate complex bioactive scaffolds for applications such as tissue engineering, in vitro models, and drug screening.
CdS Nanoribbon‐Based Resistive Switches with Ultrawidely Tunable Power by Surface Charge Transfer Doping
Authors: Shao Zhibin , Jie Jiansheng , Jiang Tianhao , Wu Xiaofeng , Li Ke , Xia Feifei , Zhang Xiujuan , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: February 2018

Traditional metal–insulator–metal (MIM)‐based resistive switches (RS) possess a high operating current, which can be read directly without an amplifier yet will inevitably produce large power consumption. Rational control of the energy consumption of RS devices is surely desirable to achieve the energy‐efficient purpose in a variety of practical applications. Here a surface charge transfer doping (SCTD) strategy is reported to manipulate the operating current as well as power consumption of the RS devices by using doped CdS nanoribbon (NR) as a rheostat. By controlling the concentration of surface dopant of MoO3, the conductivity of doped CdS NR can be tuned in a wide range of nine orders of magnitude, showing the transition from insulator to semiconductor and to conductor. On the basis of CdS NRs with controllable conductivity, the as‐fabricated RS devices exhibit an ultrawidely tunable‐power consumption from 1 nW, the lowest value reported so far, to 0.1 mW, which is close to the typical values of MIM‐based RS devices. In view of the high controllability of the SCTD method, this work opens up unique opportunities for future energy‐efficient, performance‐tunable, and multifunctional RS devices based on semiconductor nanostructures.
Synthetic Transient Crosslinks Program the Mechanics of Soft, Biopolymer‐Based Materials
Authors: Lorenz Jessica S. , Schnauß Jörg , Glaser Martin , Sajfutdinow Martin , Schuldt Carsten , Käs Josef A. , Smith David M.
Published: February 2018

Actin networks are adaptive materials enabling dynamic and static functions of living cells. A central element for tuning their underlying structural and mechanical properties is the ability to reversibly connect, i.e., transiently crosslink, filaments within the networks. Natural crosslinkers, however, vary across many parameters. Therefore, systematically studying the impact of their fundamental properties like size and binding strength is unfeasible since their structural parameters cannot be independently tuned. Herein, this problem is circumvented by employing a modular strategy to construct purely synthetic actin crosslinkers from DNA and peptides. These crosslinkers mimic both intuitive and noncanonical mechanical properties of their natural counterparts. By isolating binding affinity as the primary control parameter, effects on structural and dynamic behaviors of actin networks are characterized. A concentration‐dependent triphasic behavior arises from both strong and weak crosslinkers due to emergent structural polymorphism. Beyond a certain threshold, strong binding leads to a nonmonotonic elastic pulse, which is a consequence of self‐destruction of the mechanical structure of the underlying network. The modular design also facilitates an orthogonal regulatory mechanism based on enzymatic cleaving. This approach can be used to guide the rational design of further biomimetic components for programmable modulation of the properties of biomaterials and cells.
De novo variants in Myelin regulatory factor (MYRF) as candidates of a new syndrome of cardiac and urogenital anomalies
Authors: Pinz Hailey , Pyle Louise C. , Li Dong , Izumi Kosuke , Skraban Cara , Tarpinian Jennifer , Braddock Stephen R. , Telegrafi Aida , Monaghan Kristin G. , Zackai Elaine , Bhoj Elizabeth J.
Published: February 2018

Myelin Regulatory Factor (MYRF) is a transcription factor that has previously been associated with the control of the expression of myelin‐related genes. However, it is highly expressed in human tissues and mouse embryonic tissues outside the nervous system such as the stomach, lung, and small intestine. It has not previously been reported as a cause of any Mendelian disease. We report here two males with Scimitar syndrome [MIM 106700], and other features including penoscrotal hypospadias, cryptorchidism, pulmonary hypoplasia, tracheal anomalies, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, cleft spleen, thymic involution, and thyroid fibrosis. Gross neurologic functioning appears to be within normal limits. In both individuals a de novo variant in MYRF was identified using exome sequencing. Neither variant is found in gnomAD. Heterozygous variants in MYRF should be considered in patients with variants of Scimitar syndrome and urogenital anomalies.
The WITS Atlas: A Black Southern African dental atlas for permanent tooth formation and emergence
Authors: Esan Temitope A. , Schepartz Lynne A.
Published: February 2018

Current dental maturity charts, such as the widely applied London atlas, do not take into consideration advanced tooth emergence and formation patterns observed in children of African ancestry. The result is inaccurate age estimation in Southern Africa, a region where there is great forensic and anthropological need for reliable age estimation.

Objectives

To develop a population‐specific atlas of permanent tooth emergence and formation for age estimation of Black Southern Africans.

Materials and Methods

Using data from a cross‐sectional study of 642 school children aged 5–20 years, panoramic radiographs taken during routine dental examination in a mobile treatment van were analyzed using the Demirjian method of eight (A–H) tooth formation stages. Tables of the stages of tooth development for each tooth, including the third molars, were generated separately for age cohorts and by sex. The most frequently occurring (modal) stage of tooth formation was considered the signature developmental stage for the age. The relationship of the third molar occlusal surfaces with occlusal tables on the radiographs were checked and compared with the findings recorded during intra oral examination.

Results

Comparison with the London atlas shows that at age 9.5 years, the canine and premolar emergence are at least one year ahead and the third molar formation completes four years earlier in the WITS Atlas.

Discussion

Similarities in advancement in tooth formation and emergence across sub‐Saharan Africa suggest that the WITS Atlas can be used for those populations as well.
Ge14Br8(PEt3)4: Ein Subhalogenidcluster des Germaniums
Authors: Kunz Tanja , Schrenk Claudio , Schnepf Andreas
Published: February 2018

Das Erwärmen einer metastabilen GeIBr‐Lösung auf Raumtemperatur führt zum ersten strukturell charakterisierten, metalloiden Subhalogenidcluster Ge14Br8(PEt3)4 (1). Des Weiteren kann 1 als der erste isolierte binäre Halogenidcluster auf dem Weg von GeIBr zu elementarem Germanium gesehen werden, welcher Einblick in den komplexen Reaktionsmechanismus der Disproportionierungsreaktion gewährt. Quantenchemische Rechnungen weisen zusätzlich darauf hin, dass in 1 eine klassische Bindungssituation realisiert wird und dass der letzte Schritt bei der Bildung von 1 das Einfangen von GeBr2‐Molekülen sein könnte.
Ge14Br8(PEt3)4: A Subhalide Cluster of Germanium
Authors: Kunz Tanja , Schrenk Claudio , Schnepf Andreas
Published: February 2018

Heating a metastable solution of GeIBr to room temperature led to the first structurally characterized metalloid subhalide cluster Ge14Br8(PEt3)4 (1). Furthermore 1 can be seen as the first isolated binary halide cluster on the way from GeIBr to elemental germanium, giving insight into the complex reaction mechanism of its disproportionation reaction. Quantum chemical calculations further indicate that a classical bonding situation is realized within 1 and that the last step of the formation of 1 might include the trapping of GeBr2 units.
Synthesis, structural characterization and biological evaluation of mononuclear transition metal complexes of zwitterionic dehydroacetic acidN‐aroylhydrazone ligand
Authors: Kendur Umashri , Chimmalagi Geeta H. , Patil Sunil M. , Gudasi Kalagouda B. , Frampton Christopher S.
Published: February 2018

Synthesis and characterization of mononuclear transition metal complexes viz., Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with a newly designed ligand, (E)‐2‐benzamido‐N'‐(1‐(2‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐4H‐pyran‐3‐yl) ethylidene) benzohydrazide (H2L) are reported. Molecular structures ofH2L, Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The structures were stabilized by various intra/inter‐molecular H‐bonding, C‐H···π and π···π stacking interactions.H2Lexists in zwitterionic form and acts in a monoanionic manner. Ligand/metal ratio was 2:1 for cobalt, nickel and zinc, whereas 1:1 for the copper complex. Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes display distorted octahedral geometry, while the Cu(II) complex shows distorted square pyramidal geometry around the metal ion. Hirshfeld surface analysis and 2D fingerprint plots revealed thatH2Land its complexes were supported mainly by H⋯H, O⋯H and C⋯H intermolecular interactions. The synthesized compounds were screened forin vitroanti‐inflammatory activity by gelatin zymography and the activity was comparable with tetracycline. Their cleavage behavior towards calf thymus DNA has been studied using agarose gel electrophoresis method.H2Land Cu(II) complex were selected by National Cancer Institute (NCI) forin vitrosingle dose testing in the full NCI 60 cell lines panel assay. Finally, molecular docking simulation effectively proves the binding of all the synthesized compounds at cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) active sites.
Synthesis of (R)‐ and (S)‐Ricinoleic Acid Amides and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Matysiak Sylwia , Zabielska Julia , Kula Józef , Kunicka‐Styczyńska Alina
Published: February 2018

A series of fatty acid amides derived from (R)‐ and (S)‐ricinoleic acid and 4 cyclic and acyclic amines were synthesized in a proecological solvent‐free process with yields ranging from 43 to 88%. All S‐configured compounds and both enantiomers of amide with 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol were obtained and studied in terms of biological activity for the first time. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity of (R)‐ and (S)‐ricinoleic acid derivatives against 13 different microorganisms representing Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, yeast, and molds showed significant inhibitory activity against Gram‐positive bacteria, especially Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis, and against selected molds. Ethanolamine‐ and pyrrolidine‐derived amides showed the most promising antibacterial and antimold potential. Derivatives from ricinoleic acid and pyrrolidine were the most active against both selected molds, Aspergillus brasiliensis and Penicillium expansum. Moreover, the R‐configured analog was the most potent against B. subtilis. The amides of ricinoleic acid with ethanolamine exhibited significant potential to Staphylococcus aureus, which distinguished them from the rest of tested derivatives to which this bacterium was very resistant.
Potential genetic markers for nonsyndromic oral clefts in the Brazilian population: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Assis Machado Renato , de Toledo Isabela Porto , Martelli‐Júnior Hercilio , Reis Silvia Regina , Neves Silva Guerra Eliete , Coletta Ricardo D.
Published: February 2018

Background

Although various genes and genomic regions were described as of susceptibility for nonsyndromic oral clefts (NOC), recent reports have demonstrated significant interethnic variations in the genetic predisposition, a situation that affects the Brazilian population, one of the most admixed populations in the world. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to describe the available information on genetic risk markers for NOC in the Brazilian population.

Methods

A systematic search of the literature was performed using LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, and studies that investigated genetic susceptibility markers for NOC in the Brazilian population were retrieved. Markers with enough statistical data were subjected to meta‐analysis using random‐ or fixed‐effects model with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) as effect measures.

Results

Forty‐nine studies conducted since 1999 were found, and in these 114 markers were evaluated throughout case‐control or family‐based approaches. Most of the studies were conducted with patients affected by nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL ± P), and 79 markers (69.3%) were evaluated by a single study only. Meta‐analysis was performed with nine markers, and the most promising results were obtained for IRF6 (rs642961), 8q24 (rs987525 and rs1530300) and MTHFR (rs1801133), which were associated with increased risk for NSCL ± P, and for BMP4 (rs17563) that showed a protective effect for NSCL ± P.

Conclusion

A large number of genetic markers distributed in several genes/loci was associated with NOC in the Brazilian population, but in general the original studies included limited number of samples and unsatisfactory protocols. The classical risk markers located in IRF6 and 8q24 showed promising results as well as rs1801133 in MTHFR and rs17563 in BMP4, and they should be validated in larger and multicenter studies taking in consideration the variations in the miscegenation of Brazilian population.
Pancreaticoduodenal arterial arcades: Their dominance and variations—their potential clinical relevance
Authors: Szuák Andás , Németh Károly , Korom Csaba , Gáti Endre , Karlinger Kinga , Harsányi László , Nemeskéri Ágnes
Published: February 2018

The complex arterial system makes pancreatic interventions technically challenging for surgeons, and interventional radiologists. The arterial variants may alter tumor resecability, and cause complications in arterial embolization. International data on pancreatic blood supply are variable; therefore, we aimed to determine the frequency of variants of pancreaticoduodenal (PD) arterial arcades. Arteries of human abdominal organ complexes (50) were injected with resin mixture, and then corroded. CT scans and three‐dimensional reconstructions were made; diameters of arcades were measured. Two PD arcades were found in 58%, three arcades in 30%, one arcade in three cases, four arcade in one specimen, and five arcades in two cases. In the casts with two arches the average diameter was 1.472 ± 0.432 mm on the anterior and 1.383 ± 0.343 mm on the posterior arch. Assessing the dominance of the PD arcades, the anterior arch proved to be dominant in 52% of the cases, and in 35% the posterior one by the criterion of 25% cross‐section difference. It is advised to analyze the variations and dominance on a CT/MR‐angiography before local chemotherapy. Furthermore, to reveal the arterial variations, a preoperative CT/MR‐angiography would provide faster recuperation and better postoperative life quality. Clin. Anat. 31:544–550, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atrophy of hip abductor muscles is related to clinical severity in a hip osteoarthritis population
Authors: Zacharias Anita , Green Rodney A. , Semciw Adam , English Daniel J. , Kapakoulakis Theo , Pizzari Tania
Published: February 2018

Osteoarthritis mainly affects weight‐bearing joints such as the hip and knee and is the most common form of arthritis. Greater muscle atrophy with fatty infiltration of gluteal muscles and decreased hip abduction strength has previously been identified with increasing severity of radiological hip OA. However, it is well documented that radiographic findings of OA do not always correlate with clinical severity. The aim of this secondary analysis was to examine whether atrophy and strength of gluteus maximus (GMax), medius (GMed), minimus (GMin), and tensor fascia lata (TFL) is associated with the clinical severity of OA. Twenty participants with unilateral hip OA and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched asymptomatic controls were classified on the basis of clinical severity (mild, moderate‐severe and asymptomatic groups) using the Oxford hip score. Muscle volumes of GMax, GMed, GMin, and TFL were determined using magnetic resonance imaging and expressed as asymmetry between limbs. A hand‐held dynamometer was used to identify hip rotation and abduction strength. Regression analyzes were used to identify the association between muscle asymmetry and patient‐reported severity of hip OA. Both symptomatic groups (mild and moderate‐severe) demonstrated significant asymmetry in GMax (P < 0.01) and GMin (P < 0.01). GMed asymmetry was associated with only the moderate‐severe symptomatic group. Hip abduction strength was reduced in both symptomatic groups. Gluteal muscle atrophy was associated with the clinical severity of OA. Clinical severity could be a useful tool for clinicians interpreting likely gluteal muscle changes and planning rehabilitation strategies for hip OA patients. Clin. Anat. 31:507–513, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electroless Synthesis of Highly Stable and Free‐Standing Porous Pt Nanotube Networks and their Application in Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Walbert Torsten , Antoni Markus , Muench Falk , Späth Thomas , Ensinger Wolfgang
Published: February 2018

Free‐standing 3D metal nanostructures represent an upcoming class of electrocatalysts for fuel cell technology, combining high aging stability and activity with efficient metal utilization while abstaining from additives such as polymer binders. Until now, most fabrication routes are complex and produce disordered nanostructures. Here, we present a highly adjustable, wet‐chemical synthesis route toward ordered, thin‐walled Pt nanotube networks. The approach includes an optimized electroless plating procedure and enables easy regulation of structural parameters (i. e. nanotube diameter, wall thickness, density) by using ion track‐etched polycarbonate templates. In comparison to individual nanotubes, the resulting nanonetworks exhibit a free‐standing and robust frame, which is a great advantage for use in various electrochemical and catalytic applications. Cyclic voltammetry studies of the methanol oxidation reaction demonstrate enhanced electrocatalytic activity compared to commercially available Pt nanoparticles. The nanonetworks provide outstanding long‐life stability with up to 97 % of the initial active surface area after 1000 cycles, which makes them a promising material in different application fields, for example, in direct methanol fuel cells.
Self‐Templated Synthesis of Co1‐xS Porous Hexagonal Microplates for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Liu Yangxing , Zhang Junfeng , Li Yunwei , Yuan Gang , Niu Xiaopo , Zhang Xiangwen , Wang Qingfa
Published: February 2018

Transition‐metal chalcogenides have been widely investigated as a class of promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. But, they are still far from practical use because of moderate catalytic activity. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials with porous nanostructures are attractive for the efficient conversion of electrochemical energy. Herein, Co1‐xS novel porous microplates were synthesized through a facile self‐templated strategy based on the Kirkendall effect. By taking advantages of porous nanostructure and good catalytic properties of the hexagonal Co(OH)2 template, the unique Co1‐xS microplates provide higher efficient surface area and more accessible active sites. Moreover, the mass transfer and gas diffusion are also promoted, owing to the pores developed inside the microplates. As expected, the optimized porous Co1‐xS microplates demonstrate remarkable OER performance in alkaline electrolyte with an overpotential of 311 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 55 mV dec−1 and long‐term stability, which outperform the commercial IrO2 catalyst. The facile preparation, high catalytic activity, and excellent durability of the Co1‐xS porous hexagonal microplates show great promise in energy conversion applications.
Microwave‐Assisted, Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐2,3‐Dihydrobenzofuran Flavonoid Derivatives from Chalcones
Authors: Helgren Travis R. , Xu Lianyan L. , Sotelo Daniel , Mehta Yash R. , Korkmaz Melissa A. , Pavlinov Ivan , Aldrich Leslie N.
Published: February 2018

A route to access 3‐amino‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans that utilizes microwave‐assisted organic synthesis to rapidly generate analogues has been developed. The route begins with an acid‐catalyzed, microwave‐assisted aldol condensation to generate chalcone intermediates, followed by a Corey–Bakshi–Shibata reduction and subsequent Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation to access stereoisomeric epoxyalcohols. The final step is a one‐pot, microwave‐assisted, regioselective, acid‐catalyzed epoxide opening with various amines followed by an intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction to generate the 3‐amino‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans. This route provides ready access to stereochemically and structurally diverse analogues of these flavonoid scaffolds. Additionally, a pilot library was synthesized, and the biological activity diversity of the chalcones and dihydrobenzofurans was explored in human carcinoma cell lines.
Mechanism of Enolate Transfer between Si and Cu
Authors: Bouaouli Samira , Spielmann Kim , Vrancken Emmanuel , Campagne Jean‐Marc , Gérard Hélène
Published: February 2018

Exchange of X (F, Cl, OMe) and a substituted enolate chain between SiMe3 and various CuI complexes was examined. Reaction mechanisms pass through a cyclic transition state in which the reaction coordinate is associated with rotation of the SiMe3 moiety. The dependence of the thermodynamic and kinetic features on the nature of the active and ancillary ligands was examined. Formation of copper enolate is shown to be favored when stabilized enolates are used. Replacement of F by Cl reverses the preference of the reaction. This is associated with the small difference between the Cu−Cl and Si−Cl bond energies, in contrast to other Si−X bonds, which are systematically stronger than their Cu−X analogues.
Simultaneous G‐Quadruplex DNA Logic
Authors: Bader Antoine , Cockroft Scott L.
Published: February 2018

A fundamental principle of digital computer operation is Boolean logic, where inputs and outputs are described by binary integer voltages. Similarly, inputs and outputs may be processed on the molecular level as exemplified by synthetic circuits that exploit the programmability of DNA base‐pairing. Unlike modern computers, which execute large numbers of logic gates in parallel, most implementations of molecular logic have been limited to single computing tasks, or sensing applications. This work reports three G‐quadruplex‐based logic gates that operate simultaneously in a single reaction vessel. The gates respond to unique Boolean DNA inputs by undergoing topological conversion from duplex to G‐quadruplex states that were resolved using a thioflavin T dye and gel electrophoresis. The modular, addressable, and label‐free approach could be incorporated into DNA‐based sensors, or used for resolving and debugging parallel processes in DNA computing applications.
Nanopore Detection of Single‐Molecule Binding within a Metallosupramolecular Cage
Authors: Borsley Stefan , Cooper James A. , Lusby Paul J. , Cockroft Scott L.
Published: February 2018

Guest encapsulation is a fundamental property of coordination cages. However, there is a paucity of methods capable of quantifying the dynamics of guest binding processes. Here, we demonstrate nanopore detection of single‐molecule binding within metallosupramolecular cages. Real‐time monitoring of the ion current flowing through a transmembrane α‐hemolysin nanopore resolved the binding of different guests to both cage enantiomers. This enabled the single‐molecule kinetics of guest binding to be quantified, whereas the ordering and durations of events were consistent with a guest‐exchange mechanism that does not involve ligand dissociation. In addition to providing a new approach for single‐molecule interrogation of dynamic supramolecular processes, this work also establishes that cage complexes which are too large to enter the nanopore can be exploited for detecting small molecules, thus constituting a new class of molecular adapter.
Utilization of direct smears of thyroid fine‐needle aspirates for ancillary molecular testing: A comparison of two proprietary testing platforms
Authors: Partyka Kristen L. , Randolph Melissa L. , Lawrence Karen A. , Cramer Harvey , Wu Howard H.
Published: February 2018

Background

Ancillary molecular testing has been recommended for thyroid fine‐needle aspirates (FNA) with indeterminate cytologic diagnoses. Rosetta Genomics and Interpace Diagnostics have developed assays that can utilize direct smears as the testing substrate.

Methods

A retrospective study of indeterminate thyroid FNAs with known histologic follow‐up was performed. One Diff‐Quik‐stained smear and one Papanicolaou‐stained smear with similar cellularity (at least 60‐100 lesional cells) from each case were sent to Rosetta and Interpace, respectively, for analysis. The results were directly compared and correlated with the final histopathology. Neither company was aware of the follow‐up histologic findings in these cases.

Results

A total of 10 thyroid FNAs were identified from our 2015 files. The cytologic diagnoses included follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS, n = 5), follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN, n = 4), and suspicious for malignancy (SM, n = 1). Of the seven cases with benign histology, six smears were classified as benign by the RosettaGX microRNA classifier, and one case was designated as suspicious. Five cases were negative by both ThyGenX oncogene panel and ThyraMIR microRNA classifier. One case was negative by ThyGenX and positive on follow‐up ThyraMIR, and one case was positive for KRAS mutation and positive on ThyraMIR. Both the RosettaGX and ThyGenX/ThyraMIR tests demonstrated positive results for the three histologically malignant cases.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that two molecular testing platforms performed equally well using our stained direct smears. Both molecular tests revealed a 100% negative predictive rate. RosettaGX showed a 75% positive predictive value in comparison to 60% for ThyGenX/ThyraMIR.
Homogenization of plant diversity, composition, and structure in North American urban yards
Authors: Pearse William D. , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Hobbie Sarah E. , Avolio Meghan L. , Bettez Neil , Roy Chowdhury Rinku , Darling Lindsay E. , Groffman Peter M. , Grove J. Morgan , Hall Sharon J. , Heffernan James B. , Learned Jennifer , Neill Christopher , Nelson Kristen C. , Pataki Diane E. , Ruddell Benjamin L. , Steele Meredith K. , Trammell Tara L. E.
Published: February 2018

Urban ecosystems are widely hypothesized to be more ecologically homogeneous than natural ecosystems. We argue that urban plant communities assemble from a complex mix of horticultural and regional species pools, and evaluate the homogenization hypothesis by comparing cultivated and spontaneously occurring urban vegetation to natural area vegetation across seven major U.S. cities. There was limited support for homogenization of urbandiversity, as the cultivated and spontaneous yard flora had greater numbers of species than natural areas, and cultivated phylogenetic diversity was also greater. However, urban yards showed evidence of homogenization ofcompositionandstructure. Yards were compositionally more similar across regions than were natural areas, and tree density was less variable in yards than in comparable natural areas. This homogenization of biodiversity likely reflects similar horticultural source pools, homeowner preferences, and management practices across U.S. cities.
CCR2‐dependent Gr1high monocytes promote kidney injury in shiga toxin‐induced hemolytic uremic syndrome in mice
Authors: Pohl Judith‐Mira , Volke Julia K. , Thiebes Stephanie , Brenzel Alexandra , Fuchs Kerstin , Beziere Nicolas , Ehrlichmann Walter , Pichler Bernd J. , Squire Anthony , Gueler Faikah , Engel Daniel R.
Published: February 2018

The hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a life‐threatening disease of the kidney that is induced by shiga toxin‐producing E.coli. Major changes in the monocytic compartment and in CCR2‐binding chemokines have been observed. However, the specific contribution of CCR2‐dependent Gr1high monocytes is unknown. To investigate the impact of these monocytes during HUS, we injected a combination of LPS and shiga toxin into mice. We observed an impaired kidney function and elevated levels of the CCR2‐binding chemokine CCL2 after shiga toxin/LPS‐ injection, thus suggesting Gr1high monocyte infiltration into the kidney. Indeed, the number of Gr1high monocytes was strongly increased one day after HUS induction. Moreover, these cells expressed high levels of CD11b suggesting activation after tissue entry. Non‐invasive PET‐MR imaging revealed kidney injury mainly in the kidney cortex and this damage coincided with the detection of Gr1high monocytes. Lack of Gr1high monocytes in Ccr2‐deficient animals reduced neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and blood urea nitrogen levels. Moreover, the survival of Ccr2‐deficient animals was significantly improved. Conclusively, this study demonstrates that CCR2‐dependent Gr1high monocytes contribute to the kidney injury during HUS and targeting these cells is beneficial during this disease.
A Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of ortho‐Hydroxyaryl Bromide with Isopropenylboronic Pinacol Ester: Synthesis of the Potassium‐Channel Opener (+)‐Callitrisic Acid
Authors: Wu Xiongyu , Silverå Ejneby Malin , Ottosson Nina E , Elinder Fredrik , Konradsson Peter
Published: February 2018

A Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of ortho‐hydroxyaromatic bromide 8 with isopropenylboronic acid pinacol ester has been investigated. It was found that the catalyst of Pd2(dba)3/PCy3 in dioxan‐water gave good yield by suppressing the formation of isomeric side product 14. (+)‐Callitrisic acid was synthesized from (+)‐podocarpic acid using this condition with an overall yield of 54 % in about five steps. (+)‐Callitrisic acid was found to be almost three times more potent than dehydroabietic acid to open a voltage‐gated potassium channel.
A novel MIMO‐GFDM receiver for next generation communication
Authors: Chang Yu‐Kuan , Ueng Fang‐Biau , Wu Kun‐Zhan
Published: February 2018

Orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing is not suitable for fifth‐generation applications such as machine‐type communication, tactile internet, and internet of things. Generalized frequency‐division multiplexing (GFDM) is presented to address these requirements on the basis of the pulse‐shaping filter architecture, which makes GFDM have lower out‐of‐band emission and relatively less cyclic prefix and a become candidate for fifth‐generation systems. Because of the filter architecture, the subcarrier is nonorthogonal, which leads to serious intercarrier interference and is sensitive to carrier frequency offset (CFO). For reducing the intercarrier interference, we propose a 2‐path conjugate transmission scheme in the transmitter, and an adaptive receiver based on the modified phase rotated conjugate cancellation scheme is derived. By maximizing the carrier‐to‐interference ratio, we derive the optimal phase rotation and present an adaptive normalized block least mean squared algorithm to search the ideal result. With the proposed adaptive receiver, the CFO variation due to mismatch oscillator frequency and channel effect can be tracked effectively without feeding back the estimated information to the transmitter. In this paper, we propose a novel receiver with channel equalization and CFO compensation for multiple‐input–multiple‐output–GFDM systems in time‐varying channels. So far, no related research works exist. In the simulations, we compare the proposed receiver with several existing schemes in different time‐varying channels and modulations. The proposed scheme outperforms the existing schemes.
Associations between CSF cortisol and CSF norepinephrine in cognitively normal controls and patients with amnestic MCI and AD dementia
Authors: Wang Lucy Y. , Raskind Murray A. , Wilkinson Charles W. , Shofer Jane B. , Sikkema Carl , Szot Patricia , Quinn Joseph F. , Galasko Douglas R. , Peskind Elaine R.
Published: February 2018

Objective

This study evaluated the effects of Alzheimer disease (AD) on the relationship between the brain noradrenergic system and hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical axis (HPA). Specifically, relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) norepinephrine (NE) and CSF cortisol were examined in cognitively normal participants and participants with AD dementia and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). We hypothesized that there would a positive association between these 2 measures in cognitively normal controls and that this association would be altered in AD.

Methods

Four hundred twenty‐one CSF samples were assayed for NE and cortisol in controls (n = 305), participants with aMCI (n = 22), and AD dementia (n = 94). Linear regression was used to examine the association between CSF cortisol and NE, adjusting for age, sex, education, and body mass index.

Results

Contrary to our hypothesis, CSF cortisol and NE levels were not significantly associated in controls. However, higher cortisol levels were associated with higher NE levels in AD and aMCI participants. Regression coefficients ± standard errors for the change in cortisol per 100‐pg/mL increase in NE are as follows: controls 0.0 ± 0.2, P = 1.0; MCI, 1.4 ± 0.7, P = .14; and AD 1.1 ± 0.4, P = .032. Analysis with MCI and AD participants combined strengthened statistical significance (1.2 ± 0.3, P = .007).

Conclusions

Enhanced responsiveness of the HPA axis to noradrenergic stimulatory regulation in AD and disruption of the blood brain barrier may contribute to these findings. Because brainstem noradrenergic stimulatory regulation of the HPA axis is substantially increased by both acute and chronic stress, these findings are also consistent with AD participants experiencing higher levels of acute and chronic stress.
Organisational framework and outputs of International medical evacuation in Guinea: A need for change
Authors: Guilavogui Timothé , Camara Alioune , Diallo Elhadj Marouf , Koïvogui Akoï , Barry Aminatou , Zoumanigui Koligna , Diallo Alpha Ahmadou , Delamou Alexandre , Koulibaly Moussa
Published: February 2018

The study aims to describe the organizational framework of International Medical Evacuation (IME), the profile of persons evacuated, and the associated cost of IME in Guinea. This was a descriptive study of IME policy in Guinea. We described the politico‐structural organization of IME and the profile of patient accessing IME through the Ministry of Health (MOH: 2001–2015) and through the National Social Security Fund (NSSF: 2011–2015). From 1958 to 1992 since the health system was restricted, the country negotiated the free medical treatment with Socialist countries. Since 1992, a medical assistance line was included in the sector budgets, and IME was officially managed by the MOH and with a parallel system existing at the NSSF. With an average cost of US $34 251 per case, cardiovascular diseases (20%), Traumatology/Orthopedic diseases (20%), and Neurologic/neurosurgery diseases (12.5%) have motivated more than half of 2445 IME supported by the MOH between 2001 and 2015. With a diagnostic exploration (38.7%) as main motivation, the majority of the IMEs (80.0%) endorsed by the NSSF (2011–2015) concerned their employees/workers or those of the NSSF's supervisory ministry and their families. Despite a strict regulatory framework, the emergence and sustainability of parallel IME systems in other departments with different procedures than MOH's procedure represent a major weakness/deficiency. The new prospects for the free medical treatment of state employees could eventually lead to an effective correction of this structural failure if efficiently managed.
Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of m‐cresol over novel Fe2O3 loaded microfibrous entrapped CNT composite catalyst in a fixed‐bed reactor
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhang Huiping , Yan Ying
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

A novel iron‐loaded microfibrous entrapped carbon‐nanotube catalyst (Fe2O3‐MF‐CNT) was synthesized by wet lay‐up papermaking, sintering and metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) processes. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, mercury porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and NH3 temperature program desorption (NH3‐TPD), and the catalytic performance was tested by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of m‐cresol in a fixed‐bed reactor. Finally, the probable multistep reaction pathway for CWPO degradation of m‐cresol over Fe2O3‐MF‐CNT catalyst in a fixed‐bed reactor is presented.

RESULTS

Characterization results conclude that the prepared catalysts are acid catalysts containing macropores and mesopores. Active components Fe2O3 are evenly loaded on the support by the MOCVD method. CWPO results show that higher temperature and higher space time promote the catalyst performance. Meanwhile, the Fe2O3‐MF‐CNT catalyst shows perfect reusability with nearly no iron leaching concentration and high m‐cresol conversion (above 95.0%) after four successive runs (24 h). Two possible pathways during degradation of m‐cresol are presented. The hydroxyl radicals turn m‐cresols into aromatic by‐products such as p‐toluquinone, 4‐methylpyrocatechol and methylhydroquinone, followed by evolution to organic acids, and finally to carbon dioxide and water. During the reaction, more m‐cresols are degraded through the pathway in which m‐cresols are first converted into 4‐methylpyrocatechol.

CONCLUSION

The novel Fe2O3‐MF‐CNT catalyst presented herein owns the advantages of both CNTs and stainless steel fibers, and it shows promising performance in CWPO of m‐cresol. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of T1 relaxation time in rotating frame (T1ρ) and apparent diffusion coefficient to estimate cerebral stroke evolution
Authors: Tan Yuefa , Xu Jun , Chen Ruiying , Chen Bin , Xu Juan , Ren Daokun , Chan Queenie , Mei Yingjie , Wu Yuankui , Xu Yikai
Published: February 2018

Background

The major factor for the appropriate treatment strategies for ischemia patients is its onset timing.

Purpose/Hypothesis

To study to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of T1 relaxation time in a rotating frame (T1ρ) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from MRI to estimate ischemia stages.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population/Subjects/Phantom/Specimen/Animal Model

In all, 73 patients (49 males, aged 29–78 years and 24 females, aged 22–94 years) with ischemia were prospectively imaged with T1ρ and diffusion MRI during the postischemic period.

Field Strength/Sequence

3T/T1ρ and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).

Assessment

Ischemic parenchyma included tissue with elevated signal areas on DWI and correlative hypointense areas on ADC maps.

Statistical Tests

The sensitivity of variables to ischemia time was quantified by analyzing the respective correlations of these values with onset time.

Results

ΔT1ρ (ipsilateral‐contralateral differences in T1ρ) (R2 = 0.956) and T1ρipsi (ipsilateral ischemia T1ρ values) (R2 = 0.941) were elevated in all ischemic lesions; these values increased linearly as a function of time, unlike ΔADC (ipsilateral‐contralateral differences in ADC) (R2 = –0.410) and ADCipsi (ipsilateral ischemia ADC values) (R2 = 0.550). ΔT1ρ and T1ρipsi were significantly different between all stages (P < 0.01), except the acute and hyperacute stages (P = 0.589 for ΔT1ρ, P = 0.290 for T1ρipsi, respectively), but ΔADC and ADCipsi only between the late subacute and early subacute stages (P < 0.01) and the late subacute and chronic stages (P < 0.01).

Data Conclusion

These data suggest that T1ρ can provide estimates for the ischemic time in patients. T1ρ has the potential to outperform diffusion for single‐timepoint examination because the T1ρ change during strokes is positive and linear. If patients with suspected stroke are scanned by MRI within the appropriate timeframe, T1ρ may provide tools for evaluating stroke onset, potentially aiding in treatment strategies.

Level of Evidence: 4

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1247–1254.
Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based plasma metabolic profiling study of escitalopram in subjects with major depressive disorder
Authors: Bandu Raju , Lee Hyun Jeong , Lee Hyeong Min , Ha Tae Hyon , Lee Heon‐Jeong , Kim Se Joo , Ha Kyooseob , Kim Kwang Pyo
Published: February 2018

Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) method revealed the plasma metabolite profiles in major depressive disorder patients treated with escitalopram (ECTP) (n = 7). Depression severity was assessed according to the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Metabolic profiles were derived from major depressive disorder subject blood samples collected after ECTP treatment. Blood plasma was separated and processed in order to effectively extract metabolites, which were then analyzed using LC‐MS. We identified 19 metabolites and elucidated their structures using LC‐tandem MS (LC‐MS/MS) combined with elemental compositions derived from accurate mass measurements. We further used online H/D exchange experiments to verify the structural elucidations of each metabolite. Identifying molecular metabolites may provide critical insights into the pharmacological and clinical effects of ECTP treatment and may also provide useful information informing the development of new antidepressant treatments. These detailed plasma metabolite analyses may also be used to identify optimal dose concentrations in psychopharmacotherapeutic treatment through drug monitoring, as well as forming the basis for response predictions in depressed subjects.