bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites on Beef Cattle in Jombang District
Authors: Ifqiyyah Melda Mufidatul , Setiawan Boedi , Wijaya Agus
Published: October 2021

The disease that is quite detrimental to cattle is gastrointestinal parasitic infection. Gastrointestinal parasites infect the cattle by taking host nutrients that would caused emaciation, lethargy, and decreased productivity. This study aims to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in Jombang District. This research was conducted in July to August 2019 with 100 samples of cattle feces. Sample examinations were carried out in the laboratory of the Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Universitas Airlangga using the sedimentation and floating methods. Detection of parasites in all samples using microscope with magnification of 100x and 400x. On examination, several types of parasites were found included Strongyloides papillosus, Toxocara vitulorum, Oesophagostomum spp., Moniezia expansa, Blastocystis spp. and Eimeria spp. The results of this study were found the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites on beef cattle in Jombang district was 35% with a worm infection prevalence of 15% and protozoan infections of 20%.
Identification and Incident Rate of Phylum Protozoa Around The Sad and Grazing Fields of Madura Cattle in Sub-District of Geger Bangkalan District
Authors: Putri Chikita Helvi Silvana , Sarmanu Sarmanu , Maslachah Lilik
Published: October 2021

This research aims to determine the percentage and kind of Phylum Protozoa contamination in around the sed and grazing field soil of Madura cattle in Sub-District of Geger, Bangkalan District. The research was conducted on March untul Mei 2019. The method of this research used a non-experimental method and through an observation study. The sample of this research was 100 samples of around the sed and grazing field soil, then examined in the laboratory of Parasitology Airlangga University, Division of Veterinary Parasitology used Sucrose Floatation Method. The result showed that percentage of Phylum Protozoa was 53%. Based on the type of soil, the highest contamination was Eimeria spp. (43%), followed by Blastocystis sp. (24%) and Isospora spp. (4%). Based on location, the percentage of grazing fields was higher (75%) than around the sad (38.3%). The results of statistical analysis using Chi-square test showed significant differences in the percentage between contamination around of the cages and grazing field soil (P<0.05).
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Protozoa on Bali Cattle in Lopok Sub-District, Sumbawa District
Authors: Hamdani Aldi , Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Dhamayanti Yeni , Koesdarto Setiawan , Sunarso Agus , Hastutiek Poedji
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoa on Bali cattle in Lopok Sub-District, Sumbawa District. The study was conducted from January to April 2021 by taking 100 samples of Bali cattle feces from 7 villages in Lopok Sub-District, Sumbawa District. Samples were examined by sedimentation and floating methods. Species identification was determined by the morphology of the protozoa. A total of 62 (62%) samples were positively infected with protozoa. There were 4 species of gastrointestinal protozoa found infecting Bali cattle, namely Eimeria sp., Blastocytis sp., Entamoeba sp., and Balantidium sp. Most of the protozoa found in this study were Eimeria sp. (54%) and Blastocytis sp. (5%). This study found 59 samples (59%) were infected by one type of protozoa, 3 samples (3%) were infected by two types of protozoa. Cattle aged 0-6 months (81%) had a higher prevalence rate and were more susceptible to protozoal infections than cows aged 7 months – 2 years (70.3%) and more than 2 years (45.2%).
Identification and Prevalence of Digestive Tract Endoparasites of Goats in Ujungpangkah, Gresik District
Authors: Abdillah Muhammad Fahmi , Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Utama Suzanita , Suprihati Endang
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the prevalence and species of endoparasite that infect the digestive tract of goats in Ujungpangkah Sub-District, Gresik District. This study was conducted in February-March 2021 with 100 samples of goat’s stool. Sample examination was conducted in the laboratory of the Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. In fecal examination found four types of endoparasites, which were: Eimeria sp. 62%, Blastocystis sp. 5%, Haemonchus sp. 4%, Strongyloides sp. 2% and mixed infection prevalence was 3%. This study showed a prevalence of 76% digestive tract endoparasite. The Chi-Square test showed significant differences (p <0.05) between groups of goats aged under one year (57%) and over one year (43%).
Study on Prevalence and Major Species Identification of Ixodidae Ticks of Bovine in Soddo Zuria Districts of Wolayta Zone in Southern Nation Nationalities and People’s Region
Authors: Asrat Ayza Dereje Darza , Kiffo Birhanu Lencha
Published: October 2021

A cross-sectional study design was conducted from November 2019 to April 2020 to identify the major ixodidae tick species and their prevalence in Sodo Zuria districts of Wolaita Zone in SNNPR of Ethiopia. A total of 3287(1701 male and 1586 female) adult ixodid ticks were collected from 500 animals during the study period. In this study three genera/sub-genus; Amblyomma, Rh. (Boophilus) and Rhipicephalus and four species were identified. From the three genera Amblyomma takes highest prevalence (45.29%). From four species identified, two of them belong to genus Amblyomma; Amblyommavariegatum and Amblyommacohaerence, one Boophilus; Boophilusdecoloratus and one Rhipicephalus; Rhipicephalusevertsievertsi. The quantitative hierarchy of the tick species was Rh. evertsi (14.40%), A. cohaerence (17.60%), A. variegatum (27.66%) and B. decoloratus (40.34%) in ascending order. Therefore, the result indicated that B. decoloratus (40.34%) and A. variegatum (27.66%) are the most abundant tick species of cattle in Sodo Zuria districts. Except B. decoloratus of which more females than male were collected, the number of male ticks counted were exceed those of female. The result of this study also demonstrated a significance variation (p<0.05) on infestation between local, cross and exotic breed cattle’s with highest prevalence in exotic breeds (75%),than both cross (56.2%) and local (68%) breeds and poor body conditioned cattle’s. Although a comparatively higher infestation was found on animals > 4 years compared with ≤ 4 year ones and between females than males and the difference was not statistically significant (p >0.05). Acaricide application was the main tick control method in the study area. Thus strategic application of acaricides might minimize the burden of ticks on the cattle of the study area.
Science And Social Studies Examining the Thoughts of Teacher Candidates About Concept Teaching
Authors: BODUR Enes , AKBULUT Mürşit
Published: October 2021

Meaningful and lasting learning is possible with the teaching of concepts that are the building blocks of knowledge. It is important to teach concepts in Social Studies and Science courses where concepts are included a lot. Therefore, teachers who teach social studies and science courses should first be proficient in concept teaching. In the research carried out in line with this goal, a study was carried out on what are the opinions of the teacher candidates who will be the practitioners of the course in the teaching of these sciences and their evaluations regarding concept teaching. Qualitative research methods were used in this study to determine the opinions of the participants. In the research, unelected sampling method was used. In addition, in the 2018-2019 academic year, it was held with 50 teacher candidates studying at a public university. A semi-structured interview form was used as a data collection tool. The data obtained were then analyzed and collected under a number of categories. As a result of the research, it was determined that teacher candidates prefer to teach through presentation in concept teaching. It was determined that the teacher candidates who participated in the study used the concept map or wanted to use the concept map the most from the concept teaching tools. It has been concluded that the concepts that teacher candidates have the most difficulty in teaching concepts are more abstract concepts than concrete concepts.
Battery Life Estimation of a Battery Under Different Stress Conditions
Authors: Andrenacci Natascia , Vellucci Francesco , Sglavo Vincenzo
Published: October 2021

The prediction of capacity degradation, and more generally of the behaviors related to battery aging, is useful in the design and use phases of a battery to help improve the efficiency and reliability of energy systems. In this paper, a stochastic model for the prediction of battery cell degradation is presented. The proposed model takes its cue from an approach based on Markov chains, although it is not comparable to a Markov process, as the transition probabilities vary as the number of cycles that the cell has performed varies. The proposed model can reproduce the abrupt decrease in the capacity that occurs near the end of life condition (80% of the nominal value of the capacity) for the cells analyzed. Furthermore, we illustrate the ability of this model to predict the capacity trend for a lithium-ion cell with nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) at the cathode and graphite at the anode subjected to a life cycle in which there are different aging factors, using the results obtained for cells subjected to single aging factors.
Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Jacob Aasems , Raj Rishi , Allison Derek B. , Myint Zin W.
Published: October 2021

Understanding of the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer has led to development of therapeutic strategies targeting androgen receptor (AR). These androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) include androgen synthesis inhibitor- abiraterone and androgen receptor antagonists- enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide. Although these medications provide significant improvement in survival among men with prostate cancer, drug resistance develops in nearly all patients with time. This could be through androgen-dependent or androgen-independent mechanisms. Even weaker signals and non-canonical steroid ligands can activate AR in the presence of truncated AR-splice variants, AR overexpression, or activating mutations in AR. AR splice variant, AR-V7 is the most studied among these and is not targeted by available ARSIs. Non-androgen receptor dependent resistance mechanisms are mediated by activation of an alternative signaling pathway when AR is inhibited. DNA repair pathway, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, BRAF-MAPK and Wnt signaling pathway and activation by glucocorticoid receptors can restore downstream signaling in prostate cancer by alternative proteins. Multiple clinical trials are underway exploring therapeutic strategies to overcome these resistance mechanisms.
Factors Affecting Human Capital in Singapore
Authors: Sakib S M Nazmuz
Published: October 2021

The human capital index is a multivariate variable used to measure the assessment of human resource productivity in the future. Human capital has a connection with economic development. Moreover, the study looks to analyses the relationship between Human Capital and Economic Growth indicators such as HCI and GDP. Human Capital relates to the development of individual skills to make them function more profitable for the national economy. The study was aimed at investigating the effect of population, the number of people engaged and the average annual hours worked by engaged persons on the human capital index. The analysis was in SPSS for the findings. Correlation tests were used for analysis. The study revealed that population, the number of people engaged and the average annual hours worked by engaged persons had a significant positive effect on the human capital index.
Distinguishing Between Isobaric Ions Using Microdroplet Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Song Xiaowei , Li Jia , Mofidfar Mohammad , Zare Richard N.
Published: October 2021

Isobaric ions having the same mass-to-charge ratio cannot be separately identified by mass spectrometry (MS) alone, but this limitation can be overcome using hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) in microdroplets. Because isobaric ions may contain a varied number of exchangeable sites and different types of functional groups, each one produces a unique MS spectral pattern after droplet spray HDX without the need for MS/MS experiments or introduction of ion mobility measurements. As an example of the power of this approach, isobaric ions in urinary metabolic profiles are identified and used to distinguish between healthy individuals and those having bladder cancer.
Pendampingan Pola Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat (PHBS) Untuk Menekan Angka Kejadian Covid-19 Pada Kader Wilayah Puskesmas Nguter Sukoharjo.
Authors: Marufah Siti , Wijayanti Lilik , Sari Yulia , Susanti Widia , Setyawan Sigit , Haryati Sri , S Endang Listyaningsih , Purnomo Sugeng
Published: October 2021

Pendahuluan :Sejak wabah pertama dilaporkan di Wuhan, Cina pada Desember 20191 virus corona (COVID-19) dengan cepat menjadi perhatian global. WHO menyatakan wabah virus sebagai pandemi pada 11 Maret 2020. Saat ini lebih dari 100 juta orang telah terinfeksi COVID-19, dengan lebih dari dua juta kematian di seluruh dunia2. Data covid-19 di Indonesia lebih dari 1 juta ditahun 2021 dengan angka kematian diangka 25.000 orang . Kabupaten sukoharjo, merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang menyumbangkan pasien covid-19 dengan jumlah saat ini mencapai lebih dari 4300 orang (corona kab sukoharjo, 2021).  Dalam upaya untuk memperlambat laju infeksi dan kematian, pemerintah di kabupaten sukoharjo telah membentuk tim “Sukoharjo tanggap COVID-19” yang bertugas untuk membagikan 34.500 masker ke masyarakat, penutupan tempat makan, fasilitasi tempat cuci tangan di pasar, Pengadaan rumah sehat Covid-19, tim posko covid-19 siaga 24 jam, penundaan pelayanan langsung pemerintahan dan pembatalan hajatan masyarakat. Walaupun pemerintah sangat tanggap dalam upaya pencegahan covid-19 ini, tapi untuk sosialisasi dan pendampingan langsung kepada keluarga belum maksimal, yaitu pada kepatuhan berperilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS), juga termasuk protocol kesehatan pencegahan covid. Kita ketahui bahwa keluarga merupakan faktor terdekat dalam penularan covid, sehingga menunjukan pentingnya keluarga sebagai fokus dalam pencegahan penyebaran Covid-19.

Metode: Pengabdian ini akan dilakukan dengan memberikan intervensi berupa pemdampingan dengan pemberian edukasi dan monitoring tentang perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) guna pencegahan Covids-19 di wilayah puskesmas Bendosari, Sukoharjo. Perilaku hidup sehat ini juga meliputi kepatuhan penggunaan menggunakan masker, jaga jarak dan mencuci tangan.

Hasil dan pembahasan: Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dihadiri oleh 47 kader dengan protokol kesehatan yang ketat. Selama kegiatan berlangsung, kader sangat antusias dalam menyimak edukasi yang  ditampilkan  dalam  bentuk  presentasi power  point, mereka  juga  interaktif  dalam berdiskusi. Berdasarkan hasil pengabdian, terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan menjadi 63, dengan terlihat hampir 85% peserta pada materi PHBS dan Protokol kesehatan memiliki pengetahuan yang sangat baik. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pengabdian yang dilaksanakan efektif dan sesuai dengan data sebelumnya bahwa Promosi kesehatan dalam bentuk penyuluhan secara terus menerus dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap PHBS.

Kesimpulan: Pelaksanaan pengabdian berjalan dengan efektif dengan peningkatan pengetahuan tentang Covid-19, PHBS dan Protokol kesehatan dalam rangka menekan angka penyebaran covid-19.

Kata kunci : Pendampingan, covid-19, PHBS.
Pengelolaan Penyakit Tanaman Terpadu
Authors:   Andriani E Prihatiningrum, Sutarman Sutarman ,   A Miftakhurrohmat
Published: October 2021

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas tersusunnya buku ajar dengan judul: “Pengelolan Penyakit Tanaman Hortikultur Terpadu” yang merupakan salah satu luaran penelitian sesuai kompetensi penyusun di bidang kesehatan dan penyakit tanaman serta agroteknologi. Buku ini disusun berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan kajian literatur yang bersumber pada berbagai artikel jurnal Internasional relevan terkait dan jurnal yang khusus memuat tema penyakit tanaman yaitu Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Tropika yang mulai tahun 2018 semua artikelnya menggunakan bahasa Inggris. Buku ini memuat sebagian materi perkuliahan Pengelolaan Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Terpadu (PHPT). Di samping itu buku ini juga dapat digunakan bagi mahasiswa dan praktisi pertanian yang menggeluti persoalan kesehatan dan perlindungan tanman. Meskipun syarat mengambil mata kuliah PHPT ini mahasiswa harus lulus mata kuliah Dasar-dasar Perlindungan Tanaman, namun materi buku bisa dicerna dan dipahami mengingat materi disampaikan dengan ilustrasi yang memperjelas uraian. Oleh karenanya disarankan sambil membaca buku ini, pembaca dapat menggali ilmu-ilmu dasar penyakit tanaman dari berbagai sumber lainnya. Pada kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada: Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo (UMSIDA), Dekan, Ketua Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Sains dan teknologi UMSIDA atas dukungan moril dan fasilitas yang disediakan bagi kelancaran penelitian dan penyusunan buku ini. Semoga karya ilmiah ini bermanfaat.
Refleksi Kebangsaan Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19 Ragam Pemikiran Kehidupan Bernegara Akademisi Umsida 2020
Authors:   Kumara Adji Kusuma, Wahyuni Hana Catur
Published: October 2021

Assalamualaikum w. w. Tahun 2020 merupakan tahun duka bagi bangsa Indonesia, dan bangsa-bangsa di seluruh dunia. Hampir setiap hari di sepanjang tahun ini, kita “dipaksa” untuk menyimak pemberitaan mengenai Corona Virus Diseases-2019 (Covid-19) yang mencemaskan dengan berbagai dampak yang ditimbulkan. Pada skala global lebih dari 200 negara terkena Covid-19 ini, dimana situasi di sejumlah negara tidak bertambah baik. Lonjakan kasus baru Covid-19 nyaris sulit dikendalikan, jumlah penderita terus bertambah. Bahkan sebagian negara di belahan dunia saat sudah dalam fase antisipasi gelombang ketiga penularan virus corona dengan berbagai variannya. Sebagian negara di dunia pun menerapkan lockdown yang ketat. Begitu banyak kabar duka, merasakan kesedihan karena kerabat atau sahabat yang terpapar Covid-19. Derita hidup pun tak hanya dirasakan pasien atau keluarga yang kehilangan anggotanya akibat infeksi Covid-19, tetapi juga warga lainnya yang merasakan dampaknya di hampir seluruh ranah kehidupan. Jutaan keluarga berdukacita sepanjang tahun 2020 dan bahkan tahun 2021 bisa jadi masih berkisah tentang krisis kesehatan global dan tragedi kemanusiaan, meskipun telah ii dicanangkan program vaksinasi bagi rakyat di masing-masing Negara.
Modul Praktikum Thematic Apperception Test (T A T)
Authors: Nastiti Dwi
Published: October 2021

Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT. Buku Modul Praktikum Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) telah kami selesaikan. Modul ini disusun untuk memudahkan mahasiswa dalam melaksanakan praktikum Thematic Appreception Test (TAT), sehingga mahasiswa dapat lebih memahami teori yang diberikan di kelas. Thematic Apperception Test, disingkat TAT, adalah suatu teknik proyeksi, yang digunakan untuk mengungkap dinamika kepribadian, yang menampakkan diri dalam hubungan interpersonal dan dalam apersepsi (atau interpretasi yang ada artinya) terhadap lingkungan. Tes ini menyajikan gambar-gambar yang dipilih sebagai perangkat stimuli TAT (Murrray) telah diuji cobakan sehingga telah terpilih gambar-gambar yang efektif. Menurut pengalaman, gambargambar lebih efektif mengungkap kepribadian testi bila sebagian besar gambar mengandung gambaran orang yang sejenis dan sebaya testi. Dengan teknik ini seorang interpreter yang mahir dapat mengungkap dorongan-dorongan emosi, sentiment, kompleks dan konflik-konflik pribadi yang dominan. Kami harapkan modul ini bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan kualitas kegiatan belajar di Prodi Psikologi Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo.
Modul Praktikum Individual/Klasikal Tes Inventory
Authors: Mariyati Lely Ika
Published: October 2021

Syukur Alhamdulillah kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkankarunia dan rahmat-Nya sehingga revisi modul “Praktikum Individual dan Klasikal Tes Inventori” dapat terselesaikan. Ucapan terima kasih yang setulus hati kami ucapkan kepada semua pihak yang telah memberikan bantuan dan dorongan pada kami atas terselesaikannya modul ini. Modul Praktikum Individual dan Klasikal Tes Inventori mererupakan hasil revisi dari Modul Praktikum Tes Inventori yang disusun sebelumnya. Modul Praktikum Individual dan Klasikal Tes Inventori adalah sebuah modul yang untuk membantu mahasiswa untuk lebih memahami prosedur dan proses administrasi tes inventori, mulai dari persiapan, pelaksanaan tes, skoring, interpretasi hingga pelaporan hasil tes baik secara individu maupun klasikal. Alat tes yang akan dibahas dalam modul adalah EPPS, DISC, Papikostik, BDI, Big-5, MBTI, NSQ dan BDI Dasar dari penggunaan alat-alat tes tersebut pada praktikum ini adalah masih relevan untuk dipergunakan dalam bidang klinis, industri, pendidikan maupun sosial. Modul ini menjelaskan secara detail mengenai langkah-langkah persiapan, mulai dari setting tempat, persiapan alat (buku soal, lembar jawaban, kunci, jawaban, lembar grafik, norma, dll), presensi, testee yang memenuhi syarat, dan penunjang lainnya (alat tulis, tissue, dll). Teknis dalam pelaksanaan tes meliputi: salam, perkenalan, aturan-aturan umum dalam pelaksanaan, instruksi dalam penggunaan alat tes, waktu pengerjaan, dan sebagainya. Skoring dan interpretasi disesuaikan dengan prosedur yang baku.
Modul Edukasi Keuangan Koperasi
Authors:   Puspita Handayani, Nirwana Nihlatul Qudus Sukma ,   Yanik Purwanti
Published: October 2021

Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, sehingga Modul Pembuatan Video Pembelajaran Kinemaster ini dapat disusun dengan baik meskipun perlu penyempurnaan lebih lanjut. Modul ini merupakan luaran dari Hibah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dengan Judul “PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU PAUD DALAM PEMBUATAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN SAINS AUD BERBASIS SMARTPHONE”. Modul Pembuatan Video Pembelajaran Kinemaster ini diperuntukan bagi seluruh pendidik/guru dari tingkat dasar sampai menengah yang ingin membuat video pembelajaran dengan mudah menggunakan smartphone yang dimiliki. Pada masa pandemic ini, seluruh pembelajaran tatap muka ditiadakan dan diganti dengan belajar dari rumah (BDR) secara daring (online) guna menghindari penularan Virus Corona. Pembelajaran daring ini selain memberikan dampak positif juga membawa dampak negative pada proses belajar siswa di rumah. Pembelajaran daring memiliki manfaat seperti guru dapat dengan mudah memberikan materi kepada anak berupa gambar, video, dan audio dimana saja dan kapan saja. Namun pembelajaran daring juga menjadi masalah bagi guru karena dituntut untuk berinovasi dalam pengajaran agar siswa tetap belajar sebagaimana mereka lakukan di sekolah. Guru dituntut untuk mampu membuat video pembelajaran dengan konten yang benar dan menarik siswa untuk belajar. Salah satu aplikasi di smartphone dengan fitur yang lengkap dan mudah digunakan oleh guru untuk membuat video pembelajaran yang menarik adalah Kinemaster.
Viscous Crude Oil Production Facilitated by Flow Improver Technology: A Holistic Chemical Approach with Successful Field Application
Authors: McRae James Alexander , Covarrubias Rosas Bianca Daniela
Published: October 2021

This paper describes the approach taken to evaluate and successfully treat flow assurance challenges associated to high viscosity produced fluids in an oil producing field, offshore Gulf of Mexico.

The first section of the paper outlines primary evaluation criteria: discussing base line modeling of crude oil characteristics at various points of the production system, laboratory analyses, detailed explanation of the chemistries considered for reducing the viscosity, and the strategy to remediate multiple flow assurance challenges with subsequent performance testing. The second section presents field trial data from the application of the selected flow improver and its longer-term performance.

Initial evaluation of high viscosity was required due to deposition of asphaltene, high levels of emulsion, increased pressure and resultant decrease in production All of these production issues caused increased spending on fluids treatment in a field that is mature and becoming more marginal to produce. Initial analysis of the produced fluid did not result in an immediate, clear approach to address the concern, without considering the multiple factors that can contribute to flow assurance challenges. Organic deposition, such as waxes and asphaltenes, were found to increase fluid viscosity and worsen highly stabilized emulsions. Crude oil/water emulsions also cause increased viscosity and needed to be addressed as part of any holistic solution. Each issue was studied and experimented on its own and in combination to ensure there was no reductive effect in a final chemical application that needed to treat them all.

Successful field application of the selected flow improver technology exceeded the performance at laboratory scale achieving over 30% reduction in total fluid viscosity over long-term field deployment with associated benefits to the offshore operator which will be elaborated further in this paper. As an outcome of this field trial, this paper also presents a proposed generic approach in devising chemical solutions for treatment of high viscosity fluids.
Predicting Dysfunction Vibration Events while Drilling Using LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Vishnumolakala Narendra , Murphy Dean Michael , Nguyen Thu , Losoya Enrique Zarate , Kesireddy Vivekvardhan Reddy , Gildin Eduardo
Published: October 2021

The objective of the study is to build a robust Recurrent Neural Network system using Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) to predict future vibrations during drilling operations. This provides a reliable solution to the complex problem of modeling several forms of vibrations encountered downhole. This accurate prediction system can be readily integrated into advisory/warning systems giving drillers the potential to save time, improve safety, and increase efficiency in drilling operations. High-frequency downhole drilling data onshore fields, obtained from a major O&G service provider, was used to train and validate the models. First, multiple classification algorithms such as Logistic Regression, KNN, Decision Trees, Random Forest were utilized to identify the presence and severity of Stickslip, Whirl, and other drill-string vibrations. LSTM-RNN was then used instead of traditional RNN intended for sequential data, to resolve the vanishing gradient problem. LSTM-RNN architecture was built to predict vibrations a)10 seconds and b) 30 seconds into the future. Results of the traditional classification models confirmed the hypothesis that dysfunctions can be successfully identified based on real-time downhole drilling data. 98% accuracy was obtained in successfully identifying torsional vibrations during drilling. A total of 101 parameters including measured and derived variables are available in the dataset. Modeling was performed with 14 features and vibrations were predicted. The RNN model was trained on data from multiple wells that encountered vibrations during drilling. The models were able to predict vibrations 10 seconds into the future with an MSE of 0.02 and 30 seconds into the future with reasonable accuracy and MSE of 0.10. Avoiding excessive vibrations will result in fewer trips by increasing longevity and reducing malfunctions of downhole electronics, the drill-string, and the BHA. Reduced NPT means drilling complex wells efficiently in less time which in turn directly translates to lower costs for the company. In addition to significant cost benefits, automated technology predicting anomalies and reacting in real-time translates to improved safety because it would now require fewer operators at risk on the rig floor. The work opens up avenues for a sophisticated advisory/warning system and effective ‘look-ahead’ drilling processes in the future.
Oil Field Downhole Drone
Authors: Al Dabbous Mohammed , Al-Kadem Mohammad
Published: October 2021

The downhole drone is directed toward an autonomous Oil & Gas (O&G) utilization of a drone in subsurface wells. The autonomous submersible O&G drone comprises a circular shaped housing, a propulsion system with one or more spinner blades located at the front and rear sides driven by electromotors that can pivot along the axis of drone for locomotion determination and a control package unit: wireless transponder, power, control and data storage and sensors.

Existing technologies for surveying, such as production logging conveyed into the wellbore by coiled tubing limits wellbore access due to factors such as the length and size of wellbore, the trajectory/inclination. These factors, and in situ environmental parameters, may limit and restrict access surveying the entire wellbore via existing technologies. This adaptable for wellbore surveillance and logging includes: body, circular structure for stabilization, rechargeable spinners, digital temperature and pressure, gradiometer, gyroscope and wireless communication package. The drone is dropped into the well from the surface under shut in conditions and falls by gravity into the lowest section of the hole.

The implementation associates with minimization of man-hours with cost avoidance. The concept has a positive influence on the environment since personnel will be less exposed to hydrocarbons, especially hazardous gases such as Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide. The autonomous, remotely guided downhole drone surveys a predetermined area in the downhole well environment to collect well production data in terms of fluid entry/exit from the well bore, velocity as the well is in production or shut in conditions. Data such as: flow rate, temperature & pressure profiling and leak deduction. The drone moves into the production section of the well by its own propulsion as directed by the surface control system. At selected locations, it stops and takes measurements by rotating two propulsion spinners that are rechargeable; converting mechanical energy into electrical. Pressure, temperature and gradiometer information is collected continuously as the drone is propelled through the productive zone as well as when stationary. Upon completion of required data collection through the productive zone, the vehicle is simply lifted out of the hole by the flow of the well assisted by the propulsion system as required.

The future of fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) was paved commencing from the pioneering realization of the value of well intervention. This invention has a magnificent contribution in cost saving, conveyance methodologies improvement, personnel safety, energy conservation, downhole visualization and perpetuating the investment in the human capital.
A Novel Machine Learning Assisted Upscaling Workflow for Simulating the Waterflooding Process
Authors: Wang Yanji , Li Hangyu , Xu Jianchun , Fan Ling , Wang Xiaopu , Liu Shuyang
Published: October 2021

Conventional flow-based two-phase upscaling for simulating the waterflooding process requires the calculations of upscaled two-phase parameters for each coarse interface or block. The whole procedure can be greatly time-consuming especially for large-scale reservoir models.

To address this problem, flow-based two-phase upscaling techniques are combined with machine learning algorithms, in which the flow-based two-phase upscaling is needed only for a small fraction of coarse interfaces (or blocks), while the upscaled two-phase parameters for the rest of the coarse interfaces (or blocks) are directly provided by the machine learning algorithms instead of performing upscaling computation on each coarse interfaces (or blocks).

The new two-phase upscaling workflow was tested for generic (left to right) flow problems using a 2D large-scale model. We observed similar accuracy for results using the machine learning assisted workflow compared with the results using full flow-based upscaling. And significant speedup (nearly 70) is achieved.

The workflow developed in this work is one of the pioneering work in combining machine learning algorithm with the time-consuming flow-based two-phase upscaling method. It is a valuable addition to the existing multiscale techniques for subsurface flow simulation.
Enhancing Well, Reservoir and Facilities Management WRFM Opportunity Identification with Data Driven Techniques
Authors: Ujjwal Manu , Modi Gaurav , Simha Srungeer
Published: October 2021

A key to successful Well, Reservoir and Facilities Management (WRFM) is to have an up-to-date opportunity funnel. In large mature fields, WRFM opportunity identification is heavily dependent on effective exploitation of measured & interpreted data. This paper presents a suite of data driven workflows, collectively called WRFM Opportunity Finder (WOF), that generates ranked list of opportunities across the WRFM opportunity spectrum.

The WOF was developed for a mature waterflooded asset with over 500 active wells and over 30 years of production history. The first step included data collection and cleanup using python routines and its integration into an interactive visualization dashboard. The WOF used this data to generate ranked list of following opportunity types: (a) Bean-up/bean-down candidates (b) Watershut-off candidates (c) Add-perf candidates (d) PLT/ILT data gathering candidates, and (e) well stimulation candidates. The WOF algorithms, implemented using python, largely comprised of rule-based workflows with occasional use of machine learning in intermediate steps.

In a large mature asset, field/reservoir/well reviews are typically conducted area by area or reservoir by reservoir and is therefore a slow process. It is challenging to have an updated holistic overview of opportunities across the field which can allow prioritization of optimal opportunities. Though the opportunity screening logic may be linked to clear physics-based rules, its maturation is often difficult as it requires processing and integration of large volumes of multi-disciplinary data through laborious manual review processes. The WOF addressed these issues by leveraging data processing algorithms that gathered data directly from databases and applied customized data processing routines. This led to reduction in data preparation and integration time by 90%. The WOF used workflows linked to petroleum engineering principles to arrive at ranked lists of opportunities with a potential to add 1-2% increment in oil production. The integrated visualization dashboard allowed quick and transparent validation of the identified opportunities and their ranking basis using a variety of independent checks. The results from WOF will inform a range of business delivery elements such as workover & data gathering plan, exception-based-surveillance and facilities debottlenecking plan.

WOF exploits the best of both worlds - physics-based solutions and data driven techniques. It offers transparent logic which are scalable and replicable to a variety of settings and hence has an edge over pure machine learning approaches. The WOF accelerates identification of low capex/no-capex opportunities using existing data. It promotes maximization of returns on already made investments and hence lends resilience to business in the low oil price environment.
Best Practices in Development and Production Optimization of Offshore Low Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Zhang Lijian , Tian Panpan , Xing Chuanheng , Bai Ruiting , Yin Yanjun , Li Quan , Zhu Jianying , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2021

The development effect of low permeability reservoirs of offshore Shahejie Formation in China is poor with fast formation pressure drop, rapid production decline and numerous abnormal wells due to the influence of low permeability, strong heterogeneity, ultra-high reservoir temperature and pressure and high wax and asphaltene content. To overcome these difficulties, this paper takes geological conditions, reservoir potential, stimulation technology and actual wells situation into consideration on the basis of the reservoir performance research, and gives full play to the integration of reservoir and mechanical recovery. A set of production enhancement and efficiency improvement technologies has been formed, including moderate periodic water injection based on pressure fluctuation theory, liquid extraction optimization for low permeability fields, modified compound plugging removal technology, small flowrate and broad width electric pump selection technology, and pump stuck early warning technique to achieve the efficient development of offshore low-permeability oilfields. Moderate periodic water injection not only makes full use of the imbibition effect to achieve the equilibrium displacement, but also avoids the water channeling in fracture area; eight main controlling factors are used to classify and evaluate the liquid extraction potential and select the well group at level-1 for the workover with the effect of daily oil increase of 42 m3; modified compound plugging removal technique completely removes the pollution and plugging of the formation and the wellbore to release the potential of the oil wells to the greatest extent and cumulative oil increase of 6 well times is expected to be 12.44×104 m3; small flowrate and broad width electric pump selection technology applied for more than 30 well times improves the adaptability of the pumps substantially and extends the pump inspection cycle to 857 days; real-time pump stuck warning technique through the dual pattern of analyzing both conventional and high-frequency data guarantees the efficient operation of oil wells. The technologies in this paper have been applied in the target low-permeability field with daily oil production of 429 m3, oil recovery rate of 1.1%, natural decline rate drop year by year and the expected recovery factor of 20.9% under current well pattern. The key technologies in this paper have improved the target reservoir development effect significantly and provided important reference significance for other offshore low-permeability reservoirs development.
Swing Operation Envelope of River-Sourced Water Treatment Facility for Water Injection Purpose in Banyu Urip Field
Authors: Rois Muhammad Amin , Dharmawan Willy
Published: October 2021

Banyu Urip reservoir management heavily rely on river-sourced water as water injection to meet Voidage Replacement Ratio target of 1. The treatment facility which consist of Raw Water Basin, Clarifiers, Multi Media Fine (MMF) Filters and Cartridge Filters, is sensitive to seasonal transition and river condition. This paper shares lesson learnt in operating such facility and troubleshooting guidance to overcome challenges of high turbidity during rainy season and lack of river water volume during drought season.

To maintain the design intent of Banyu Urip (BU) water treatment facility in achieving water injection quality and quantity at reasonable cost, following activities were undertaken: [1] Critical water parameters data gathering & analysis across each unit; [2] Clarifier Chemical injection dosage verification based on laboratory test; [3] MMF Media coring inspection to assess the filtering media condition; [4] MMF Filters backwash parameters optimization; [5] MMF Filter on-off valve sequencing optimization to address water hammering issue; [6] Water injection rate management to deal with river water source availability along the year.

Critical water parameters analysis revealed that chemical dosages were in-adequate to treat the five times higher turbidity coming into Clarifiers during early rain 2019. On top of this, low Raw Water Basin level at the end of long drought further contributed to jeopardize Clarifier's operation. Although in-adequate chemicals injection was resolved at early 2020, the treatment cost remained high, especially on filtration section. Media coring result on MMF Filters confirmed that the filtering media have been poisoned by carried-over mud from Clarifiers during upset. The operation of MMF Filters required extensive optimization on backwash parameters to successfully recover the MMF Filters performance without media replacement. Latest media coring on the worst MMF Filter showed that there was no more top mud layer and the amount of trapped mud had been decreased significantly. Cartridge Filter replacement interval was improved from 38 hours to 186 hours, therefore water treatment cost dropped with quite significant margin. Additionally, the availability of each MMF Filters was also improved. At the same time, the high water injection rate during 2020 rainy season, had successfully increased reservoir pressure buffer up to its maximum point as the anticipation of prolonged drought season.

This paper provides the troubleshooting guidance for MMF Filter application in season-prone water treatment facility including insights on interpretation of media coring result and linking it back to optimization strategy on the MMF Filters drain down time for effective backwash process without having excessive media loss.
Successfully Learning from Failures: A Mahakam Legacy
Authors: Kusumawati Diah , Puspa Winda Wiria , Kurniawan Nandi Yanuar
Published: October 2021

Incidents can incur damage on people, environment, asset and even on Company's reputation. Therefore, effective learning from incidents plays a critical role in Company's HSE management system. Effective learning from incidents can also be one of predictors of an effective HSE management system and positive safety culture (Reason, 2016). This study was undertaken to discuss Mahakam's (now operated by PT. X) experience in the implementation of learning from incidents and its contribution to improve Company's safety performance. Learning cycle from Jacobsson is used as main reference to assess the effectiveness of learning from incidents system in the company (Jacobsson et al., 2011).
Establishing & Estimating Gas-Liquid Performance Characteristics of Multiphase Pumps
Authors: Ejim Chidirim Enoch
Published: October 2021

Multiphase electric submersible pumps (ESPs) are used to produce gas and liquid in wells with high gas content. These pumps are operated at different speeds, and designed to handle flows with various gas volume fractions (GVFs). This study uses gas-liquid dimensionless parameters to obtain and compare the performance of conventional multiphase pumps. Knowledge of such techniques is important for production engineers, field operators and application engineers to ascertain pump performance for given gas-liquid operating conditions.

Gas-liquid performance data for two multiphase pumps with 8.00-inch and 8.62-inch housing diameters were obtained from open literature. The inlet pressure, GVF and rotational speed ranges were 100 to 300 psig, 0 to 0.57, and 3000 to 3600 revolutions per minute (RPM), respectively. The total flow rates varied from 15000 to 60000 barrels per day (BPD). Euler turbomachinery principles for gas-liquid flows were applied to the data to obtain required dimensionless parameters and two-phase dimensionless performance curves for the pumps. The method was tested using dimensionless curves for a given operating condition to obtain pump performance at another operating condition.

The results showed that for each rotational speed, the difference in dimensionless pressure between the multiphase pump discharge and inlet decreased with increasing mass-quality-weighted volume flow rate. For each weighted volume flow rate, the difference in pump discharge and inlet dimensionless pressures decreased with increasing intake GVF. The decrease with increasing intake GVF can range between a factor of 3 and 4, depending on the magnitude of the weighted volume flow rate. Using the 3000 RPM data, a two-phase (gas-liquid) dimensionless performance curve was obtained for one of the multiphase pumps with intake GVF and dimensionless volume flow rate parameter as the independent variables. The curve was used to estimate pump performance at 3600 RPM and then compared with the actual reference test data. For the second multiphase pump, two datasets at different intake pressures were used to obtain the effects of intake pressure. The performance for this multiphase pump was a function of dimensionless volume flow rate, intake GVF and intake gas-liquid density ratio. The maximum error in the estimated performance data was within 7%. Overall, the performance of multiphase pumps can be estimated using the technique in this study for the flow conditions analyzed.

This study highlights the importance of obtaining dimensionless two-phase performance characteristics of multiphase pumps. Given that these pumps are frequently used in oilfield production operations, capability to determine the pressure boosting performance of the pumps, for given operating conditions, is important to field operating personnel and design engineers. This knowledge benefits the operator to optimally produce hydrocarbons from high gas-content wells and maximize the economic bottom line from the field asset.
The Art of Deploying Data Mining and Machine Learning in Developing and Managing Deepwater Turbidite Gas Assets
Authors: Pratama Edo
Published: October 2021

Many oil and gas operators have challenges in deepwater turbidite gas asset's reservoir management plan (RMP) readiness due to lack of experience and very limited analog field data. The objective of this article is to demonstrate how data analytics workflow, comprising of data mining and machine learning-based global deepwater turbidite gas field benchmarking and lessons learned, to identify field performance and mitigate subsurface challenges in developing and managing deepwater turbidite gas assets.

To mine turbidite field data from around the world, a customized R script was constructed using optical character recognition, regular expression (regex), rule-based logic to extract subsurface and surface data attributes from unstructured data sources. All extracted contents were transformed into a properly structured query language (SQL) database relational format for the cleansing process. Having established the turbidite assets repository, exploratory data analysis (EDA) was then employed to discover insight datasets. To analyze the field performance, the number of wells needed to deplete the field was identified using support vector regression, subsequently, K-means clustering was used to classify the reservoirs productivity.

The results of field benchmarking analysis from EDA are deployed in a fit-for-purpose dashboard application, which provides an elegant and powerful framework for data management and analytics purposes. The analytic dashboard which was developed to visualize EDA findings will be presented in this article. The productivity of deepwater turbidite gas reservoirs has been classified based on the maximum gas flow rate and estimated ultimate recovery per well. This result help in identifying the high-rate, high-ultimate-recovery (HRHU) reservoirs of a deepwater turbidite gas field. The regex pattern for subsurface challenges specifically as related to reservoir uncertainties and associated risks, including operational challenges in developing and managing deepwater turbidite gas fields were identified through word cloud recognition. Key subsurface challenges were then categorized and statistically ranked, finally, a decomposition tree was used to identify the issues, impacts, and mitigation plan for dealing with identified risks based on best practices from a global project point of view.

Deployment of this novel workflow provides insight for better decision-making and can be a prudent complementary tool for de-risking subsurface uncertainties in developing and managing deepwater turbidite gas assets. The findings from this study can be used to develop the framework that captures current best-practices in the formulation and execution of a RMP including monitoring and benchmark of asset performance in deepwater turbidite gas fields.