bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomedical Applications of Silver Nanoparticles (Review)
Authors: Rejepov D. T. , Vodyashkin A. A. , Sergorodceva A. V. , Stanishevskiy Ya. M.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Silver nanoparticles have unique physicochemical properties and can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of various kinds of infections, oncological diseases, as well as drug delivery. The review presents an analysis of scientific literature on the use of silver nanoparticles for biomedical purposes.

Text. The review discusses the perspectives of the silver nanoparticles use in the treatment of oncological diseases as a carrier of drugs, as well as the direct manifestation of their cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. Also, there is considered the use of silver nanoparticles for imparting or enhancing the antibacterial effects of dressings and dental materials. The mechanism of action of silver nanoparticles against viruses is considered. This research presents the use of composite materials containing silver nanoparticles for biomedical purposes.

Conclusion. On the basis of the literature data analysis, carried out by the authors, there are shown possibilities of the nanotechnology achievements for the application in medicine.
Use of High Performance Liquid Chromatography in the Analysis of a New Substance VMA-10-18
Authors: Mischenko E. S. , Lazaryan J. S. , Lazaryan A. Jh.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Quinazoline derivatives have a wide range of pharmacological properties, which makes this group quite unique among other classes of heterocyclic compounds. Substance VMA-10-18, which has cerebrovasodilating, antidepressant, anxiolytic and nootropic properties, may become a promising new drug. In this regard, an urgent task is to develop methods for standardizing this substance.

Aim. Development of a method for the quantitation of related impurities of a new biologically active substance VMA-10-18 (Quinazophene) by HPLC with subsequent statistical processing of the results.

Materials and methods. To develop the conditions for chromatographic analysis, was used a highly purified substance 3-[2-(4-methoxyphenylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-quinazolin-4(3H)-one, as well as its related impurities: impurity I (unsubstituted quinazolin-4(3H)-one) and impurity II (4-methoxychloroacetanilide). Test solutions were prepared using volumetric glassware of accuracy class 1. Ethyl alcohol 95 % was used as a solvent. Chromatography was performed using a Dionex UltiMate 3000 system (Dionex, United States) with a spectrophotometric detector. The analysis was carried out at a wavelength of 231 nm. Data collection and processing was carried out using the Chromeleon v.7 system. A mixture of acetonitrile and orthophosphoric acid was used as a mobile phase. The analysis was performed in an isocratic mode. The validation of the developed method was carried out taking into account the requirements of the State Pharmacopeia of Russian Federation XIV edition and the recommendations of the ICH.

Results and discussion. The optimal conditions for chromatography of the VMA-10-18 substance and its impurities have been developed. It was found that for a clear separation of the peaks of the substance and impurities among themselves, the mobile phase should contain acetonitrile and orthophosphoric acid in a ratio of 80 : 20. The specificity of the method was determined by chromatography of ethyl alcohol in order to exclude its influence on the analysis results. The linearity and correctness of the method were determined at 7 levels of concentration of impurities of the substance. The correlation coefficient has exceeded 0.99. Also, the free term of the linear dependence equation (a) for both impurities was less than its confidence interval (Δа), which proves the absence of a systematic error of the method. When determining the "Convergence" indicator, the calculated relative standard deviation did not exceed 2 %. When determining the intralaboratory precision, Student's t-test and Fisher's F-test were calculated. Both indicators met the stated requirements.

Conclusion. A method for the quantitative determination of impurities in the VMA-10-18 substance by HPLC has been developed and validated.
Standardization of the Pharmaceutical Substance of the Drug LCS-1208
Authors: Ignateva E. V. , Yartseva I. V. , Shprakh Z. S. , Bud'ko A. P. , Ektova L. V. , Kozin D. A. , Reshetnyak V. Yu. , Nesterova O. V. , Pankratova E. A.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Indolocarbazole derivatives are of increasing scientific interest for practical oncology. A number of N-glycosides, indolo[2,3-a] carbazole under the laboratory code LCS, were synthesized in the laboratory of chemical synthesis of the National Medical Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin. Currently, one of the most promising compounds in this class is LCS-1208, a representative of the arabinoside class of indolo [2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-5,7-dione. According to the mechanism of biological action, LCS-1208 is a protein kinase C inhibitor and is of great interest for the treatment of malignant neoplasms.

Aim. chemical and pharmaceutical standardization of the pharmaceutical substance LCS-1208.

Materials and methods. Laboratory samples of pharmaceutical substance LCS-1208. Methods of investigation: gravimetry, spectrophotometry, polarimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and infrared (IR) spectroscopy.

Results and discussion. The quality assessment of LCS-1208 was carried out according to the indicators adopted in the XIV edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation for quality control of pharmaceutical substances. LCS-1208 - orange amorphous powder, odorless; soluble in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylformamide (DMF); very slightly soluble in 95 % ethyl alcohol and practically insoluble in water. The authenticity of the substance is confirmed by NMR and IR spectra, as well as electronic absorption spectra. The values of the specific optical rotation of LCS-1208 (1 % solution in DMF) are placed in the range from +58° to +61°. All the studied samples of the substance were free of inorganic impurities, sulphate ash, heavy metals and contained no more than 1.0 % water, determined by the K. Fischer titration method. The content of possible related impurities in the substance LCS-1208 and the content of the main active substance were determined by HPLC. The studied laboratory series of the pharmaceutical substance LCS-1208 contained no more than 1.0 % of any single and no more than 3 % of the total unidentified impurities. The content of the main active substance was more than 97 %.

Conclusion. As a result of the work carried out, quality criteria and parameters were selected and methods for their determination were developed, which allow to adequately assess the quality and standardness of the pharmaceutical substance LCS-1208.
Phytochemical Analysis of Elaeagnus argentea Leaves
Authors: Salnikova N. A. , Shur Yu. V. , Tsibizova A. A.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Currently, close attention in the field of pharmacy and medicine is directed to the search for new sources of biologically active substances of various origins, including vegetable. The woody plant Elaeagnus argentea is considered as a promising source. Despite its widespread use in the food industry, folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, restorative, antimicrobial agent, the chemical composition of this plant has not been sufficiently studied.

Aim. Qualitative and quantitative determination of the main groups of biologically active substances (BAS) in the raw material (leaves) of Elaeagnus argentea growing on the territory of the Astrakhan region for further development of a methodology for standardizing the raw material of this plant.

Materials and methods. The leaves of Elaeagnus argentea were harvested in the spring in the eastern part of the delta of the Astrakhan region (Volga region). Drying of raw materials was carried out in natural conditions. In the study, unified methods were used: to determine the amount of flavonoids and saponins, the spectrophotometric method was used, ascorbic acid - the titrimetric method. For the analysis of flavonoids in the leaves of Elaeagnus argentea, an aqueous-alcoholic solution of 70 % concentration was used as an extractant. The quantitative content of flavonoids was determined in the obtained raw material extract in terms of luteolin-7-glucoside. The amount of saponins in the leaves of Elaeagnus argentea was determined in terms of oleanolic acid. 96 % ethanol was used as an extractant. The quantitative determination of ascorbic acid in the aqueous extract of crushed raw materials was carried out by titrimetry based on the ability to reduce 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol.

Results and discussion. In the pharmacognostic study of biologically active substances in the leaves of Elaeagnus argentea, the content of ascorbic acid was found to be at least 0.32 %, the amount of flavonoids in terms of luteolin-7-glucoside was at least 1.92 %; saponins - 2.38 %; which indicates the need for a more detailed study of the phytochemical composition of other morphological groups of the plant Elaeagnus argentea growing in the Astrakhan region.

Conclusion. The data obtained during the study can be used to confirm the quality of raw materials (leaves) of Elaeagnus argentea. A more detailed study of leaves for the presence of other groups of biologically active substances will make it possible to use the obtained data for the development of regulatory documents for medicinal plant raw materials «Elaeagnus argentea leaves».
Pengujian Resiko Redenominasi terhadap Nilai Tukar Rupiah
Authors: Holik Abdul
Published: August 2021

The redenomination is a breakthrough policy to induce stabilization because making transactions easier among the economic agents. This quantitative research aims to find the properness of the redenomination policy in Indonesia. The focus of this research is to analyze the impact of redenomination risk on rupiah exchange rate performance. It is conducted from April 1st, 2015 until May 9th, 2016. The method of analysis used here is VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) to find relation reciprocally among the three variables: CDS (Credit Default Swap) as a proxy for redenomination risk, exchange rate, and sovereign yields. Based on the result, we find that there are negative impacts in the long-run and short-run from redenomination risk on the rupiah exchange rate. Meanwhile, the sovereign yield has a positive impact on the rupiah exchange rate in the long run. In the short run, the exchange rate has a positive impact on redenomination, as well as on sovereign yield. The sovereign yield also has a positive effect on the exchange rate, as well as on the redenomination risk. But there is no impact of redenomination risk on the sovereign yield. From this finding, we should suggest that redenomination is a not proper decision yet. It is because the weakness of rupiah after its implementation due to sentiment of over-confidence among the economic agents sometimes triggers uncontrollable and high inflation rate. For the successful policy, previously the government should take action to reduce the inflation rate.
Herbarium of Botanical Garden of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice – a part of the botanical history of the region of eastern Slovakia
Authors: Mártonfiová Lenka , Dudáš Matej , Mártonfi Pavol
Published: August 2021

In 1884, Seed Station (Vetőmagvizsgáló Állomás) as a state institution of Hungary was established in Košice. On its ground probably the second institutional herbarium in this region was established. It gathered collections of wild and introduced plants from the vicinity of Košice and eastern Slovakia (Carpathian and Pannonian bioregions), including exsiccates of the collectors like A. Degen, L. de Thaisz and later M. Deyl. This herbarium later got into the administration of the Košice branch of the Central Agricultural Inspection and Testing Institute (Ústřední kontrolní a zkušební ústav zemědělský, ÚKZUZ) with the main office in Prague. In 1950, the Botanical Garden of the University of Agricultural and Forest Engineering (Vysoká škola poľnohospodárskeho a lesníckeho inžinierstva, VŠPLI) was established in Košice. Plant documentation material from the region of eastern Slovakia began to be concentrated there and another institutional herbarium, which was later taken over by the Slovak Academy of Sciences, was established. In 1960, the Botanical Garden in Košice was taken over by the Pedagogical Institute (Pedagogický inštitút), and the rather large herbarium was then reduced to 3,415 herbarium specimens. In the years 1958-1960, however, it was enriched by 9,539 herbarium specimens of the Košice branch of ÚKZUZ, which passed the herbarium from the years 1897 – 1943 to the botanical garden. In 1964, the botanical garden became a part of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University (UPJŠ). At that time, the herbarium included 16,000 herbarium specimens of seed plants. For many years, the herbarium had only provisional rooms for its storage. In the early 1990s, a part of the building of the Botanical Garden was rebuilt and herbarium depositary and study room were formed. Later an electronic database has been created and in recent years the herbarium specimens have also been digitized. In September 2020 the herbarium included about 55,000 specimens, of which more than 34,500 were registered in local database and some of them (more than 9,000) are digitized.
Pendidikan Kesehatan Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Perilaku Kekerasan Pada Remaja
Authors: Yolanda Mona , Ahmalia Renty
Published: August 2021

Perilaku kekerasan merupakan salah satu gangguan jiwa. Satu dari empat orang di dunia mengalami masalah mental. Diperkirakanada sekitar 450 juta orang di dunia mengalami gangguan kesehatan jiwa. Setiap 7 menit di suatu daerah di dunia, seorang remaja terbunuh akibat tindak kekerasan. Remaja kisaran umur 15-19 tahun memiliki peluang tiga kali lebih tinggi untuk meninggal daripada remaja usia 10-14 tahun.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang perilaku kekerasan terhadap pengetahuan remaja di SMKN 1 Pariaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Pre-Eksperimental Desian dengan metode pendekatan One Group Pretest Postest dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 94 orang remaja sehingga didapatkan sebanyak 48 orang sebagai sampel. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalahpurposive random sampling dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Pengetahuan sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang perilaku kekerasan 48,54 dengan standar deviasi 15,08. Setalah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang perilaku kekerasan 71,15 dengan standar deviasi 15,98. pengetahun remaja sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang perilaku kekerasan yaitu terjadi peningkatan 22,61. Dari hasil uji statistik dengan uji pairet t-tes diperoleh nilai signifikan 0,000. Disimpulkan bahwa setelah dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan tentang perilaku kekerasan pada remaja terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terjadi dengan pengetahuan remaja tentang perilaku kekerasan pada remaja. Diharapakan bisa di aplikasikan pada siswa dalam kehidupan sehari-hari agar tidak terlibat dalam perilaku kekerasan.
Asupan Energi, Asupan Lemak, Aktivitas Fisik Dan Pengetahuan, Berhubungan dengan Gizi Lebih pada Remaja SMA
Authors: Yanti Rahmita , Nova Maria , Rahmi Aulia
Published: August 2021

Masalah overweight dan obesitas penting untuk diperhatikan pada remaja karena 80% remaja berpeluang mengalami obesitas pada saat dewasa. SMA Pembangunan Kota Padang memiliki prevalensi status gizi lebih tertinggi pada tahun 2017 yaitu 22,52%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan energi, asupan lemak, aktivitas fisik, pengetahuan gizi dan kualitas tidur dengan kejadian gizi lebih pada remaja SMA. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional study. Variabel independen (asupan energi, asupan lemak, aktivitas fisik, pengetahuan gizi, kualitas tidur) dan variabel dependen (kejadian gizi lebih) dikumpulkan dalam waktu yang bersamaan. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah SQ-FFQ, kuesioner, timbangan berat badan dan microtoise. Populasi sebanyak 389 orang dan sampel 57 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi-square pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 28.1% siswa mengalami gizi lebih. Proporsi kejadian gizi lebih banyak ditemukan pada remaja dengan asupan energi berlebih(64.3%), asupan lemak berlebih(70%), aktivitas fisik tidak aktif (47.6%), pengetahuan gizi cukup (50.0%),dan kualitas tidur buruk (36.4%).Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat hubungan asupan energi, asupan lemak, aktifitas fisik, pengetahuan gizi dengan kejadian gizi lebih (p<0,05), dantidak terdapat hubungan kualitas tidur dengan kejadian gizi lebih (p>0.05). Disarankan kepada remaja untuk lebih memperhatikan makanan yang dikonsumsi terutama makanan yang mengandung tinggi energi dan tinggi lemak agar tidak terjadi kenaikan berat badan secara signifikan, aktif melakukan aktivitas fisik, meningkatkan pengetahuan gizi demi mencapai sikap dan tindakan positif dalam memilih makanan yang akan dikonsumsi.
Hospital Disaster Plan Dalam Perencanaan Kesiapsiagaan Bencana
Authors: Delima Mera , Putra Aldo Yuliano Mas
Published: August 2021

Kota Bukittinggi merupakan daerah yang rawan bencana alam seperti gempa bumi, banjir, dan tanah longsor, dan baru – baru ini banjir juga menggenangi beberapa daerah di kota Bukittinggi, tampa terkecuali juga mengenai Rumah Sakit. Rumah sakit sebagai sarana pelayanan kesehatan rujukan khususnya bagi kasus-kasus emergensi, lebih siap dalam menghadapi dampak bencana baik bencana di dalam atau di luar rumah sakit. Tujuan penelitian ini Untuk Menganalisis Kesiapan Manajemen Rumah Sakit Ibnusina Yarsi Bukittinggi Dalam Perencanaan Penyiagaan Bencana (Hospital Disaster Plan) Tahun 2020. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan metode desain deskriptif kualitatif dengan strategi fenomenalogi dengan metode wawancara mendalam, observasi dan telaah dokumen. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah sakit Ibnusina Yarsi Bukittinggi bulan Februari sampai November 2020. Teknik penentuan informan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengolahan data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Analisis data menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rumah sakit Ibnusina Yarsi sudah memiliki struktur organisasi tim penanggulangan bencana dan tupoksi masing - masing, namun perlu adanya perbaharuan/update dari struktur tim, kesiapan sumber daya manusia sudah memiliki Tim kebencanaan dan tim Bantuan Kesehatan, namun sarana dan prasarana rumah sakit belum mencukupi untuk penanganan korban massal. Sedangkan sistem komunikasi rumah sakit sudah memiliki alat komunikasi untuk penyampaian informasi. Kesimpulan Tim penanggulangan bencana kurang siap menghadapi bencana karena struktur organisasi beserta tugas dan fungsinya belum optimal diperbaharui, masih kurangnya sarana dan prasarana dalam penanggulangan korban massal dan sudah memiliki alat komunikasi. Diharapkan rumah sakit mengupdate struktur organisasi, dan melengkapi sarana dan prasarana dalam penanggulangan bencana.
Komunikasi Keluarga Dan Pola Asuh Dengan Kecerdasan Emosional Anak Usia 5 – 18 Tahun
Authors: Sulung Neila , Sakti Genta
Published: August 2021

Kecerdasan emosional anak-anak sangat penting untuk perkembangan pribadi anak-anak secara menyeluruh. Perkembangan kecerdasan emosional. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini  adalah: melihat dampak komunikasi dalam keluarga dan pola asuh  orangtua terhadap kecerdasan emosional anak usia 5-18  Tahun. Metodologi penelitian dengan melakukan literature review dari beberapa artikel baik internasional maupun nasional yang dicari dengan mempergunakan google scholar dan sciencedirect, mengisihkan 72 artikel dengan kata kunci Pola asuh, komunikasi dalam keluarga dan kecedasan emosional. yang terdiri dari 36 internasional dan 36 jurnal nasional setelah dilakukan seleksi sesuai kata kunci yang dianalisis 18 artikel, yang terdiri dari 8 artikel internasional dan 10 artikel Nasional penelusuran dengan mempergunakan google scholar dan sciencedirect dengan desain penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif.  Hasil penelitian: Bahwa pola asuh dan komunikasi keluarga sangat berpengaruh terhadap kecerdasan emosional anak.  Kesimpulan: pola asuh demoktratis akan membentuk kecedasan yang positif dan pola komunikasi dengan keluarga yang sangat membantu kecerdasan emosional lebih menekan pada pada durasi waktu interaksi anak dan orang tua. Disarankan pada orang tua untuk memperhatikan pola asuh dan komunikasi keluraga untuk mendapat anak yang cerdas secara emosional
‘All at Sea’: Virginia Woolf, Walter Benjamin, and the Unknown German
Authors: Schad John
Published: August 2021

On July 10, 1940, amidst fear of Nazi invasion, a prison ship, of sorts, left Liverpool, England, crammed full of over two thousand male ‘Enemy Aliens’ – Germans, Austrians, and some Italians. They were herded together, below deck, with all hatches sealed. Some were prisoners of war, some were passionate Nazis, but most were Jewish refugees. Among them was Walter Benjamin's estranged son, a young man of 22 years, Stefan Rafael Schoenflies Benjamin. Soon after boarding, however, the authorities mistakenly recorded his surname as Benjamini.

‘All at Sea’, John Schad's critical-creative piece, recounts events around ‘the unknown German’ on the vessel, playing richly on, and with, recognition effects around what is (un)familiarly known about Virginia Woolf, Walter Benjamin, and various kinds of connection between them and other figures from the period.
Дивертикулярная болезнь
Authors: Ардатская М. Д. , Ачкасов С. И. , Веселов В. В. , Зароднюк И. В. , Ивашкин В. Т. , Карпухин О. Ю. , Кашников В. Н. , Коротких Н. Н. , Костенко Н. В. , Куловская Д. П. , Лоранская И. Д. , Москалев А. И. , Сажин А. В. , Тимербулатов В. М. , Трубачева Ю. Л. , Фролов С. А. , Шаповальянц С. Г. , Шелыгин Ю. А. , Шифрин О. С. , Ярцев П. А.
Published: August 2021

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Effect of cytomegalovirus infection on moderate and severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Alexandrov T. L. , Nanaeva B. A. , Baranova T. A. , Tishaeva I. A. , Podolskaya D. V. , Peda E. S. , Knyazev O. V. , Shapina M. V.
Published: August 2021

AIM: to evaluate the effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on the course of moderate and severe flare ups of ulcerative colitis (UC).PATIENTS AND METHODS: a prospective cohort single-center study was done in September 2018 — December 2020. The study included patients with moderate and severe flare ups of UC. All patients underwent colonoscopy with biopsy to quantify CMV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subsequently, the patients were divided into subgroups: with the presence of CMV (CMV+) and its absence (CMV–). In the CMV+ subgroup, antiviral therapy was carried out with an assessment of virological, clinical and endoscopic results on the 19th day of therapy, one month after its completion and after 6 months. In the CMV– subgroup these results were evaluated after 6 months only.RESULTS: the study included 126 patients. CMV was detected in 51 (40.5%). At the same time, its presence was not influenced by gender, age, or previous therapy. Laboratory indicators in both subgroups were comparable, as well as the severity of UC. A significant increase in the risk of developing steroid resistance was revealed in CMV+ patients with severe UC attack (OR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.059–19.4). The effectiveness of antiviral therapy was 60.8%. All patients who did not respond to antiviral therapy underwent surgery. At the same time, among patients in whom antiviral therapy was effective (virus eradication was achieved), there was no need for surgery.CONCLUSION: CMV infection significantly increases the likelihood of developing steroid resistance in patients with severe flare up of UC, while all patients who responded to antiviral therapy did not require surgery. Further multicenter randomized trials are needed.
Low-temperature argon plasma in the wounds treatment after hemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Frolov S/ A. , Kuzminov A. M. , Vyshegorodtsev D. V. , Korolik V. Yu. , Tuktagulov N. V. , Zharkov E. E. , Sukhina M. A. , Vorobjeva I. V.
Published: August 2021

AIM: to improve the results of treatment in hemorrhoid Grade IV.PATIENTS AND METHODS: the prospective randomized study included 101 patients with combined hemorrhoids Grade IV were divided in two groups. Both groups were homogenous in age and gender. All patients underwent open hemorrhoidectomy with monopolar coagulation. Low-temperature argon plasma application was implemented in postoperative period as an additional option in the main group at 2, 4, 6, 8, 14, 21, 30 days after surgery. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0 to 10 points) was used to assess pain intensity. Bacteriological and cytological tests performed at 2, 8, 14, 21, 30 days and then every 7 days until the wounds were completely healed. The area of the postoperative wound and the rate of healing were calculated using a planimetric method. Quality of life was assessed before surgery, and on days 8 and 30 using the SF-36 questionnaire.RESULTS: on the 30th day after surgery, cytology confirmed wound healing occurred in 38 (76.0%) patients of the main group and in 18(36.0%) patients in the control group, p = 0.0001. VAS score at day 8 after surgery was 3 (3; 4) and 4 (3; 5) points in main and control group, respectively, p = 0.00003. Quality of life measuring showed significant difference in the physical component between groups: 48 (44; 53) vs 42 (38; 48) points in the main and control group, respectively (p < 0.05). On the 30th day after the procedure, the physical component of the quality of life was 48 (44; 53) points in the patients of the main group, 42 (38; 48) — in the control group, p = 0.005. There was found significant difference in wound microbial content between groups: 104 vs 107 CFU on the 30th day after the surgery.CONCLUSION: the low-temperature argon plasma accelerates wound healing, as well as reduces the pain intensity. A significant antimicrobial effect was detected.
Overall survival in elderly patients with acute complications of colorectal cancer
Authors: Shchaeva S. Т. , Efron A. G. , Magidov L. A. , Volynets L. I.
Published: August 2021

AIM: to assess risk factors affecting the five-year overall survival in patients ≥ 70 years old who underwent emergency surgery for complicated colorectal cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODS: a cohort retrospective study included 268 patients with complicated colorectal cancer for the period from January 10, 2010 to March 03, 2020, operated on in hospitals in Smolensk. Inclusion criteria: 1) patients underwent emergency surgery for decompensated bowel obstruction or tumor perforation with peritonitis; 2) histological type of tumor: adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, undifferentiated cancer; 3) age ≥ 70 years. Non-inclusion criteria: 1) subcompensated bowel obstruction, paratumoral inflammation, intestinal bleeding; 2) non-epithelial malignant tumors; 3) age < 70 years.RESULTS: the significant differences were revealed in overall survival rates depending on the type of surgery. In complicated colon cancer, overall survival after one-stage surgeries was 15.35%, after tumor removal at the first stage — 21.51%, and after surgeries with tumor removal at the second stage — 46.59% (p < 0.00001). For complicated rectal cancer: 1.03%, 1.6%, and 16.49%, respectively (p = 0.00402). The main factors that had an unsatisfactory effect on overall survival: surgery type — one-stage and multi-stage with tumor removal at the first stage (risk ratio (RR) 1.34; 95% coincidence interval (CI) 1.17–1.56; p < 0.0001); tumor perforation (OR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.36–1.55; p < 0.0001); disease stage (OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.45–1.69; p < 0.0001), tumor site (OR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.29–1.72; p = 0.004); tumor histological type — poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (OR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.24–1.62; p < 0.0001), the number of lymph nodes examined < 12 (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.59–0.63; p < 0.0001), presence of positive resection margins (R1 and/or CRM+) (OR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.14–1.47; p < 0.0001); severe comorbidity (OR 1.95, 95% CI: 1.62–1.98; p = 0.003), no adjuvant treatment (OR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.49–0.63; p < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: staged procedures with a minimal volume in an emergency and the second — main stage, performed in a specialized hospital, are the most appropriate in patients ≥ 70 years old.
Construction and Validation of a Brief Pandemic Fatigue Scale in the Context of the Coronavirus-19 Public Health Crisis
Authors: Cuadrado Esther , Maldonado Miguel A. , Tabernero Carmen , Arenas Alicia , Castillo-Mayén Rosario , Luque Bárbara
Published: August 2021

Objectives:The chronic restrictions to mitigate the new SARS-CoV-2 virus may result in pandemic fatigue. This study set out to develop a short, reliable, valid, and gender-invariant instrument—the Pandemic Fatigue Scale (PFS).

Methods:In the first phase, 300 students responded to a pilot questionnaire that allowed the reduction and refinement of the items. In the second phase, the validity, reliability, and invariance of the scale were explored among a sample of 596 participants.

Results:Factor exploratory and confirmatory analyses confirmed a robust adjustment for the bifactorial structure that explained 79,36% of the variance. The two factors identified were 1) people’s demotivation in continuing to follow the recommended protective behaviors (neglect) and 2) people’s boredom regarding the pandemic-related information (boredom). The pattern of relations between the Pandemic Fatigue Scale and other variables—find through correlation, mediation, and path analyses—and the gender differences—find in the ANOVA analyses—provided strong evidence of the construct validity. Moreover, the PFS was shown to be invariant regarding gender in a multigroup factor confirmatory analysis.

Conclusion:The instrument can be of utility for professionals and researchers to assess pandemic fatigue, a variable that can affect the adoption of protective measure to avoid catching and spreading the virus.
The Impact of Sarcopenia in Patients with Peritoneal Surface Disease
Authors: Juris Aubrey , Taylor-Gehman Amanda , Spencer Brianna , Schaefer Eric , Pameijer Colette
Published: August 2021

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is increasingly performed in patients with advanced cancer in the abdomen. This treatment prolongs survival for some patients but is known to have a substantial rate of complications. Choosing patients for this procedure can be difficult, and no clear guidelines exist. Muscle mass is a general measure of a patient’s wellness, meaning that patients with low muscle mass for their body weight tend to have more complications from treatment and overall do worse. We evaluated muscle mass prior to surgery in our Cytoreductive surgery/hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy population to assess how many patients have low muscle mass and the impact on outcomes, such as length of hospital stay, complications and survival. We find that about 25% of our patient population has low muscle mass, and low muscle mass is associated with a higher burden of cancer and shorter survival. We were able to evaluate muscle mass in a small number of patients after surgery, expecting to find decreased muscle mass in all the patients after a complex operation and long recovery. In fact, none of the patients had low muscle mass, including those who were low prior to surgery.
Depth and Sowing Rate as Factors Affecting the Development, Plant Density, Height and Yielding for Two Faba Bean (Vicia faba L. Var. Minor) Cultivars
Authors: Helios Waldemar , Jama-Rodzeńska Anna , Serafin-Andrzejewska Magdalena , Kotecki Andrzej , Kozak Marcin , Zarzycki Piotr , Kuchar Leszek
Published: August 2021

Sowing depth and density are factors which affect development and yielding due to their influence on plants’ competition for water, light and nutrients. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of sowing depth (5 and 8 cm) and density (45, 60, 75 seeds m2) on the development and yield of two morphotypes of faba bean. Higher plants were found at 8 cm sowing depth in 2011 and 2013, in turn, plant density before harvest, at 5 cm in 2011 and 8 cm in 2013. The greatest seed yield was observed while sowing shallower in 2011 (4.50 t ha−1) and 2012 (6.62 t ha−1), and deeper in 2013 (3.53 t ha−1). Cultivar played in important role in shaping plant height and seed yield in all years of the experiment, as well as in straw yield in 2012. Bobas characterized by the greatest seed productivity in all years of experiment compared to Granit, as well as quantity of straw yield in 2011 and 2012 (3.51 and 4.88 t ha−1, respectively) and therefore can be recommended for cultivation. Taking into account plant density before harvest in 2011–2013 as well as straw yield in 2011 and 2013, the most favorable sowing density is 75 seeds per m2.
Meta-Analysis Approach to Assess the Effects of Soil Tillage and Fertilization Source under Different Cropping Systems
Authors: Allam Mohamed , Radicetti Emanuele , Petroselli Verdiana , Mancinelli Roberto
Published: August 2021

Crop yield under reduced tillage (RT) practices is a concern for sustainable production worldwide because it is related to different environmental and agronomic factors than conventionally tilled soils. This study aimed to evaluate how climate, soil, and farming practices could affect crop yield under RT, especially under different sources of fertilisation [mineral (M), mineral + organic (MO), and organic (O)]. Multilevel meta-analysis was adopted. The analysis was performed taking into consideration environmental conditions, soil properties, crop rotation, and crop species. Only studies that reported the interaction effect of soil tillage and nutrients management on grain yield were included. The results suggest that the impact of soil tillage and fertilisation sources on crop yield depended on crop species. Using reduced tillage practices, adopting only organic nutrient sources could produce enough grains for legume crops. However, combining both inorganic and organic fertilizers added benefits for cereal crops in terms of grain yield production. This study highlights how conservation tillage practices could be affected by environmental and agronomic factors.
Biofortification of Sweetcorn with Iodine: Interaction of Organic and Inorganic Forms of Iodine Combined with Vanadium
Authors: Grzanka Marlena , Smoleń Sylwester , Skoczylas Łukasz , Grzanka Dominik
Published: August 2021

Around the world, maize cultivation is an essential part of food systems for humans and animals. Effective reactions against the occurrence of diseases related to the deficiency of elements in the human diet are related to the biofortification of plant species of broad importance, including maize. The enrichment of maize with iodine is difficult due to the poor transport of this element to the plant’s generative organs. In marine algae, vanadium is part of the structure of the enzyme iodine-dependent peroxidase (vHIPO) that catalyzes the uptake of cellular iodine (I) and its volatilization as I2. The relationship between iodine and vanadium in higher plants, however, is not well-known. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of vanadium fertilization and the interactions of organic and inorganic iodine compounds with vanadium under soil application. In the pot experiment, NH4VO3 was applied to the soil in two doses of 0.1 and 1 μmol·dm−3 both separately and in combination, with the following iodine compounds: 5-iodosalicylic acid (5-ISA), 2-iodobenzoic acid (2-IBeA), potassium iodide (KI), and potassium iodate (KIO3). The iodine compounds were also applied independently to vanadium, while in the control combination, fertilization was performed without I and V. Iodine compounds were applied with doses calculated using the molar mass of this element (i.e., 10 μmol·dm−3 I). The highest level of iodine accumulation in grains (regardless of fertilization with V) was obtained after the application of organic compounds 5ISA and 2IBeA. A lower dose of vanadium (0.1 μmol·dm−3) in combination with KI and KIO3 increased the accumulation of iodine in leaves, roots, and grains compared to the combination without the additional application of vanadium. The combined application of vanadium in both doses with 2-IBeA most effectively stimulated the transport and accumulation of iodine to the maize grain. Under the combined application of 5-ISA and vanadium (10 μmol·dm−3), we observed the stimulating effect of this organic iodine compound on the accumulation of vanadium in the roots as well as the antagonistic effect of vanadium in combination with 5-ISA on the accumulation of iodine in the roots, leaves, and maize grain. Vanadium accumulated mainly in the roots, where the content of this element increased proportionally to its dose. The soil application of 5-ISA increased the total sugar content and vitamin C content in the grain.
Blue Light Upregulates Auxin Signaling and Stimulates Root Formation in Irregular Rooting of Rosemary Cuttings
Authors: Gil Chan-Saem , Kwon Soon-Jae , Jeong Ho-Young , Lee Chanhui , Lee Oak-Jin , Eom Seok-Hyun
Published: August 2021

Irregular rooting of rosemary stem cuttings, causing differences in either stem maturation or responses to growth conditions, restricts uniform production. Here, rooting efficiency of apical, middle, and basal cuttings from rosemary stems was evaluated by controlling light conditions to prevent irregular rooting. The types of light applied to the cuttings were natural sunlight (NSL), fluorescent, red, and blue (BL) light. Among these light sources, BL significantly induced root growth of not only basal cuttings, but also apical and middle cuttings, whereas NSL induced poor root formation in apical and middle cuttings. In particular, the roots of apical cuttings exposed to BL grew twice as fast as those exposed to other types of light. The overexpression of BL-induced IAA synthetic genes confirmed the rooting patterns. IAA synthetic genes were significantly upregulated by BL in the apical and middle cuttings. Irradiating with 50 μmol photons m−2 s−1 BL resulted in similar root production levels among the cutting positions with high biomass, guaranteeing the successful production of uniform cuttings. Thus, the application of proper high-intensity BL promoted healthy, similar-quality rosemary cuttings among stem cutting positions.
Influence of Recycled Waste Compost on Soil Food Webs, Nutrient Cycling and Tree Growth in a Young Almond Orchard
Authors: Hodson Amanda K. , Sayre Jordan M. , Lyra Maria C. C. P. , Rodrigues Jorge L. Mazza
Published: August 2021

Composting is an effective strategy to process agricultural and urban waste into forms that may be beneficial to crops. The objectives of this orchard field study were to characterize how a dairy manure compost and a food waste compost influenced: (1) soil nitrogen and carbon pools, (2) bacterial and nematode soil food webs and (3) tree growth and leaf N. The effects of composts were compared with fertilized and unfertilized control plots over two years in a newly planted almond orchard. Both dairy manure compost and food waste compost increased soil organic matter pools, as well as soil nitrate and ammonium at certain time points. Both composts also distinctly altered bacterial communities after application, specifically those groups with carbon degrading potential, and increased populations of bacterial feeding nematodes, although in different timeframes. Unique correlations were observed between nematode and bacterial groups within compost treatments that were not present in controls. Food waste compost increased trunk diameters compared to controls and had greater relative abundance of herbivorous root tip feeding nematodes. Results suggest that recycled waste composts contribute to biologically based nitrogen cycling and can increase tree growth, mainly within the first year after application.
Effects of Interval Exercise Training on Serum Biochemistry and Bone Mineral Density in Dogs
Authors: Lee Hae Sung , Kim Jae Hwan , Oh Hyun Ju , Kim Jong Hee
Published: August 2021

Exercise has been suggested as a powerful intervention for health care and fitness management in humans; however, few studies have demonstrated the benefits of exercise training in dogs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise training on heart rate (HR), bone mineral density (BMD), muscle volume (MV), and hematological and serum biomarkers in dogs. Six healthy beagles completed the interval treadmill exercise, developed on the basis of the FITT principle, two times a week for 12 weeks. To evaluate the physiological parameters, the HR values were analyzed using the Polar H10 system during the entire exercise period. At pre-and post-exercise, quantitative computed tomography and hematological and serum biochemical parameters were analyzed. The interval exercise resulted in a normal HR response and no adverse behavioral or physiological effects on the dogs. We showed that exercise improved BMD in the femur (541.6 ± 16.7 vs. 610.2 ± 27.8 HA, p < 0.01) and increased serum total alkaline phosphatase (TALP; 68.6 ± 9.2 vs. 81.3 ± 17.2, p < 0.01), aspartate aminotransferase (23.5 ± 1.0 vs. 33.5 ± 1.6, p < 0.01), and creatine kinase (114.8 ± 5.3 vs. 214.0 ± 20.8, p < 0.01) levels. There was a positive relationship between BMD and TALP (femur: r = 0.760, p = 0.004; vertebrae: r = 0.637; p = 0.025). Our findings suggest that interval exercise training is beneficial to increase BMD in the femur, and an increased TALP level would be a concomitant mechanism for enhancing BMD with exercise in dogs.
Maternal Under- and Over-Nutrition during Gestation Causes Islet Hypertrophy and Sex-Specific Changes to Pancreas DNA Methylation in Fetal Sheep
Authors: Peterson Maria , Gauvin Mary , Pillai Sambhu , Jones Amanda , McFadden Katelyn , Cameron Katelynn , Reed Sarah , Zinn Steven , Govoni Kristen
Published: August 2021

The mechanisms by which fetal programming predisposes offspring to reduced β-cell function later in life are poorly understood. We hypothesized that maternal under- and over-nutrition during gestation would negatively affect offspring pancreas development and alter DNA methylation patterns. Pregnant ewes (n = 78) were fed 100, 60, or 140% of NRC requirements beginning at d 30.2 ± 0.2 of gestation. The fetuses are referred to as CON, RES, and OVER, respectively. Fetal pancreas tissue was collected at d 90 or 135 of gestation or within 24 h of birth. Tissue was preserved for histological (n = 8 to 9 offspring per treatment per time point) and DNA methylation analyses (n = 3 to 4 fetuses per treatment per sex). At d 135, OVER exhibited an increased islet size, reduced islet number, and greater insulin positive area compared with CON (p ≤ 0.03). An increased islet size was also observed at d 135 in RES (p ≤ 0.03) compared with CON. Cellular proliferation was reduced at birth in OVER vs. CON (p = 0.01). In the RES vs. CON females, 62% of the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were hypomethylated (p ≤ 0.001). In the RES vs. CON males, 93% of the DMRs were hypermethylated (p ≤ 0.001). In OVER, 66 and 80% of the DMRs were hypermethylated in the female and male offspring compared with CON (p ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, changes to maternal diet during pregnancy affects the islet hypertrophy and cellular proliferation of the offspring at early post-natal time points. Additionally, changes in DNA methylation patterns appear to be in a diet-specific and sex-dependent manner.
Carnivore Detection at the Domestic/Wildlife Interface within Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
Authors: Wentzel Jeanette , Gall Cory , Bourn Mark , De Beer Juan , du Plessis Ferreira , Fosgate Geoffrey T.
Published: August 2021

South African protected areas account for 8% of the total landmass according to World Bank indicators. Effective conservation of biodiversity in protected areas requires the development of specific reserve management objectives addressing species and disease management. The primary objective of the current study was to identify predictors of carnivore detection in an effort to inform carnivore species management plans on Andover and Manyeleti nature reserves in South Africa. A limited number of camera traps were placed randomly using a grid system. Species detection data were analysed using mixed-effects logistic regression and Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Deterministic inverse distance weighted distribution maps were used to describe the spatial distribution of carnivore species. Camera traps identified similar species as traditional call-up surveys during the study and would be useful as an adjunct census method. Carnivore detection was associated with several variables, including the presence of specific prey species. The measured intra-and interspecies interactions suggested the risk of disease transmission among species, and vaccination for prevalent diseases should be considered to manage this risk.
Effect of Infant Presence on Social Networks of Sterilized and Intact Wild Female Balinese Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Giraud Gwennan , Sosa Sebastian , Hambuckers Alain , Deleuze Stefan , Wandia I , Huynen Marie-Claude , Poncin Pascal , Brotcorne Fany
Published: August 2021

Contraception is increasingly used to control wild animal populations. However, as reproductive condition influences social interactions in primates, the absence of new offspring could influence the females’ social integration. We studied two groups of wild macaques (Macaca fascicularis) including females recently sterilized in the Ubud Monkey Forest, Indonesia. We used social network analysis to examine female grooming and proximity networks and investigated the role of infant presence on social centrality and group connectivity, while controlling for the fertility status (sterilized N = 14, intact N = 34). We compared the ego networks of females experiencing different nursing conditions (young infant (YI) vs. old infant (OI) vs. non-nursing (NN) females). YI females were less central in the grooming network than other females while being more central in proximity networks, suggesting they could keep proximity within the group to protect their infant from hazards, while decreasing direct grooming interactions, involving potential risks such as kidnapping. The centrality of sterilized and intact females was similar, except for the proximity network where sterilized females had more partners and a better group connectivity. These results confirm the influence of nursing condition in female macaque social networks and did not show any negative short-term effects of sterilization on social integration.