bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of a Proposed Algorithm to Cesarean Deliveries for Nonreassuring Fetal Heart Rate Tracing
Authors: Berger Dana Senderoff , Crosland Adam , Newman Rachel , Bosse Bradley , Makhoul Joshua , Chan Kenneth , Seet Emily L.
Published: November 2021

Objectives The aim of the study is to evaluate how current management of Category II fetal heart rate tracings compares with that suggested by a published algorithm and whether these differences lead to disparate neonatal outcomes.

Study Design This is a retrospective observational study from the resident service at an academic-community tertiary care center from 2013 to 2018. We reviewed archived fetal heart rate tracings from patients with cesarean delivery performed for nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing and interpreted tracings against the algorithm. We assigned tracings to one of three categories: Group A—consistent; Group B—inconsistent too early (algorithm permits the patient to labor longer); Group C—inconsistent too late (algorithm suggests performing the cesarean delivery sooner). Maternal demographics, features of labor, and neonatal outcomes were compared.

Results Of the 110 cases, 27 (24.5%) had a cesarean delivery performed in group A, 49 (44.5%) in group B, and 34 (30.9%) in group C. Baseline characteristics were similar. Of the 49 in group B, 46 (93.9%) violated the algorithm at the same branchpoint. In group C, cesarean deliveries would have been performed on average 244 minutes earlier had the algorithm been used. Neonatal outcomes were not significantly different among the groups, including 5-minute Apgar <7, pH <7.1, and NICU admit.

Conclusion Our retrospective application of the algorithm showed that 44.5% of patients who have cesarean delivery for nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing may be able to labor longer and that violation at a common decision point on the algorithm (moderate variability or accelerations, but a lack of recurrent decelerations) is responsible for nearly all such cesarean deliveries. More studies are needed to evaluate if cesarean delivery rates for nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing can be reduced without impacting neonatal outcomes using the algorithm.

Key Points
Optimizing Post-Cesarean Opioid Prescription Practices at Mayo Clinic: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Kim Sharon , King Amanda , Parikh Pavan , Sangtani Ajleeta , Shazly Sherif , Brodrick Ellen , Thompson Angela
Published: November 2021

Objective Optimal prescriptions practices of opioids in the post-cesarean period remain controversial. The primary aim of this initiative was to minimize unused prescription narcotic medication, with a goal of ≤4 leftover pills of 5-mg oxycodone at postoperative day (POD) 14 without affecting pain or satisfaction measures.

Study Design This was a prospective longitudinal quality improvement (QI) initiative starting in 2017 utilizing the DMAIC methodology. The measurement phase consisted of validated surveys over 3 months, along with chart review to determine current institutional prescription practices and predictors of outpatient opioid use. Resulting recommendations were adopted, and 1 year later, all patients undergoing cesarean were surveyed for 3 months to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. The study was approved by the Department's QI Committee.

Results The response rate was 48%, with 50 of 101 patients completing surveys pre-intervention and 52 of 111 post-intervention. Pre-intervention, surplus medication was predicted (p <0.05) only by the quantity of the opioid prescription. In addition, patients who required ≤37.5 morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) during the inpatient postoperative stay did not require outpatient narcotic prescriptions. Thereafter, a strategy of matching inpatient use to outpatient prescription 1:1 in a linear regression model (p <0.001, R
2 0.55) optimally matched patient needs up to 200 MME. In the post-intervention survey, mean (SD) prescription decreased from 17.6 (13.7) MME to 8.4 (8.3) MME (p <0.01); 39% compared with 16% of women were discharged without a prescription (p <0.01); and amongst all patients 82.7% compared with 59.6% (p <0.01) had ≤4 pills remaining without differences in patient satisfaction or pain perception.

Conclusion This initiative highlights a practical approach to QI utilizing industry techniques in health care. This approach resulted in significant reductions in over-prescription and unused medication, without impacting pain or satisfaction scores.

Key Points
Effect of Using Silver Nylon Dressings on Postoperative Pain after Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Connery Sheila , Tanner Jean Paul , Odibo Linda , Raitano Olivia , Nikolic-Dorschel Dusan , Louis Judette M.
Published: November 2021

Objective Silver dressings have been associated with a decrease in postoperative pain in selected populations, but it is unknown if the benefit can be observed after cesarean deliveries. We sought to evaluate the impact of silver nylon dressings in reducing postoperative pain after cesarean delivery.

Study Design A secondary analysis of data from a blinded randomized clinical trial of women undergoing cesarean delivery scheduled and unscheduled at a single site was conducted. Women were recruited for participation from a single site and randomized to a silver nylon dressing or an identical-appearing gauze wound dressing. Wounds were evaluated in the outpatient clinic at 1 and 6 weeks after delivery and patient responded to the modified patient scar assessment scale. The primary outcome of this analysis was inpatient opioid and nonopioid analgesic dispensed. The secondary outcome was patient-reported pain at the 1- and 6-week postpartum visits. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, Student's t-test, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney's test, and logistic regression where appropriate. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results Among the 649 participants, women allocated to the silver nylon dressing group, when compared with the gauze group, were similar in the amount of dispensed opioid and nonopioid analgesic medications (morphine equivalent milligrams of opioids dispensed [82.5 vs. 90 mg, p = 0.74], intravenous nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [120 vs. 120 mg, p = 0.55], and oral NSAIDs [4,800 vs. 5,600 mg in the gauze group, p = 0.65]). After adjusting for confounding variables, postoperative wound infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 11.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.51–30.31) at 1-week postoperative and again at 6-week postoperative (aOR: 5.59; 95% CI: 1.03–30.31) but not gauze dressing was associated with patient-reported postoperative pain.

Conclusion Among women undergoing cesarean delivery, silver nylon dressing was not associated with a reduction in postoperative pain.

Key Points
Intravenous versus Oral Iron for Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy (IVIDA): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lewkowitz Adam K. , Stout Molly J. , Cooke Emily , Deoni Seon C. , D'Sa Viren , Rouse Dwight J. , Carter Ebony B. , Tuuli Methodius G.
Published: November 2021

Objective Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) can have serious consequences for mothers and babies. Iron supplementation is recommended, but the administration route is controversial. We sought to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing the effectiveness and safety of intravenous (IV) iron compared with oral iron on perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with IDA.

Study Design This open-label RCT randomized patients with IDA (hemoglobin [hgb] <10 g/dL and ferritin <30 ng/mL) at 24 to 34 weeks' to oral iron or single 1,000-mg dose of IV low-molecular weight iron dextran over one hour. The primary outcome was maternal anemia at delivery (hgb < 11 g/dL). Secondary outcomes were mild/moderate or severe adverse reactions, maternal hgb and ferritin at delivery, blood transfusion, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, neonatal hgb and ferritin, and composite neonatal morbidity. Analysis was as per protocol.

Results The trial was stopped early for logistical reasons, and the data analyzed as preliminary data to inform a larger, potentially externally funded, definitive trial. Of 55 patients approached, 38 consented. Of these, 15 were withdrawn: 5 received IV iron from their primary obstetrician after being randomized to oral iron and 10 declined to receive IV iron. Of the remaining 23 patients, who were included in the analytic population, 13 received oral iron and 10 received IV iron. The rate of maternal anemia at delivery (hgb < 11 g/dL) was high overall but significantly reduced with IV iron (40 vs. 85%, p = 0.039). Rates of maternal hgb < 10 g/dL were significantly lower in the IV iron group (10 vs. 54%, p = 0.029). There were no severe adverse reactions and similar rates of mild/moderate reactions between groups.

Conclusion IV iron reduces rates of anemia at the time of admission for delivery, supporting a larger RCT comparing IV versus oral iron for the treatment of IDA of pregnancy powered for definitive clinical outcomes. However, issues uncovered in this RCT suggest that patient, clinician, and systems-level barriers associated with different IDA treatment modalities must be considered prior to conducting a larger RCT. This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov with identifier no.: NCT03438227.

Key Points
Association of Antenatal Corticosteroid Exposure and Infant Survival at 22 and 23 Weeks
Authors: Rossi Robert M. , DeFranco Emily A. , Hall Eric S.
Published: November 2021

Objective In 2014, the leading obstetric societies published an executive summary of a joint workshop to establish obstetric interventions to be considered for periviable births. Antenatal corticosteroid administration between 220/7 and 226/7 weeks was not recommended given existing evidence. We sought to evaluate whether antenatal steroid exposure was associated with improved survival among resuscitated newborns delivered between 22 and 23 weeks of gestation.

Study Design We conducted a population-based cohort study of all resuscitated livebirths delivered between 220/7 and 236/7 weeks of gestation in the United States during 2009 to 2014 utilizing National Center for Health Statistics data. The primary outcome was rate of survival to 1 year of life (YOL) between infant cohorts based on antenatal steroid exposure. Multivariable logistic regression estimated the association of antenatal steroid exposure on survival outcomes.

Results In the United States between 2009 and 2014, there were 2,635 and 7,992 infants who received postnatal resuscitation after delivery between 220/7 to 226/7 and 230/7 to 236/7 weeks of gestation, respectively. Few infants born at 22 (15.9%) and 23 (26.0%) weeks of gestation received antenatal corticosteroids (ANCS). Among resuscitated neonates, survival to 1 YOL was 45.2 versus 27.8% (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–2.1) and 57.9 versus 47.7% (aRR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.5) for infants exposed to ANCS compared with those not exposed at 22 and 23 weeks of gestation, respectively. When stratified by 100 g birth weight category, ANCS were associated with survival among neonates weighing 500 to 599 g (aRR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3–2.9) and 600 to 699 g (aRR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.6) at 22 weeks.

Conclusion Exposure to ANCS was associated with higher survival rates to 1 YOL among resuscitated infants born at 22 and 23 weeks. National guidelines recommending against ANCS utilization at 22 weeks should be re-evaluated given emerging evidence of benefit.

Key Points
Neonatal Outcomes of Premature Infants Born to Women with the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Case Control Study
Authors: Yasa Beril , Memur Seyma , Ozturk Dilek Y. , Bagci Onur , Uslu Sait I. , Cetinkaya Merih
Published: November 2021

Objective Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease associated with atypical pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first cases of COVID-19 were reported in Wuhan at the end of 2019. Transmission usually occurs via infected droplets and close personal contact; the possibility of vertical transmission is still under debate. This retrospective study aimed to analyze clinical characteristics of premature infants born to mothers with symptomatic COVID-19 disease.

Study Design This case control study compared the clinical and laboratory data of 20 premature infants born to mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2 with sex and gestational age–matched historical controls.

Results The median gestational age and birth weight in both groups were similar. Respiratory distress developed in 11 (55.5%) infants in study group and 19 (47.5%) infants in control group. Mechanical ventilation and endotracheal surfactant administration rates were similar. Median duration of hospitalization was 8.5 (2–76) days in study group and 12 days in historical controls. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction tests (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal swab samples for SARS-CoV-2 were found to be negative twice, in the first 24 hours and later at 24 to 48 hours of life. No neutropenia or thrombocytopenia was detected in the study group. Patent ductus arteriosus, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and necrotizing enterocolitis rates were similar between groups. No mortality was observed in both groups.

Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few studies evaluating the clinical outcomes of premature infants born to SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers. There was no evidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected women to the neonate in our cohort. The neonatal outcomes also seem to be favorable with no mortality in preterm infants.

Key Points
Estimates of genetic parameters, principal components and cluster analysis for milk yield and body weight in Guzera cattle
Authors: Gama Manuela Pires Monteiro , Savegnago Rodrigo Pelicioni , Ventura Henrique Torres , Pereira Mariana Alencar , Freitas Luara Afonso , Paz Claudia Cristina Paro , El Faro Lenira
Published: November 2021

Context The estimation of genetic parameters for traits related to the production of milk, beef or both may assist in defining the selection criteria and objectives of the breeding program, as well as in the identification and selection of genetically superior animals. Aims The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for body weight and 305-day milk yield of Guzera cattle and to perform cluster analysis on the basis of estimated breeding values for these traits, to identify groups of animals that could be selected for the production of beef, milk or dual purpose. Methods Body weights (N = 253 012) of males and females were ecorded at 120 days of age (BW120), at weaning (WW), at 365 days (BW365), at yearling stage (YW) and at 24 months (BW24), and 6237 complete lactations (MY305) of 4723 cows were used to estimate the genetic parameters. The bi-trait animal models included direct additive genetic, maternal permanent environmental and temporary random effects for body weights and additive genetic, permanent environmental and temporary environmental random effects for MY305. The fixed effects for all the traits were contemporary group and age of cow at calving. Key results The estimates of heritability ranged from 0.14 ± 0.01 for WW to 0.23 ± 0.01 for MY305. The genetic correlations between body weights at different ages and milk yield were positive and ranged from 0.27 ± 0.11 to 0.38 ± 0.19. Two principal components explained 86.74% of the total genetic variance among the traits. Conclusions Cluster analysis identified four different clusters and showed that the Guzera breed had bulls with different genetic patterns that permits genetic selection for beef, milk or dual purpose. Implications The genetic correlations of the present study suggest that selection to increase milk yield will lead to a slight genetic gain in the same direction for body weight at different ages, in contrast to reports from some other studies.
Genetic evaluation of lactation persistency in the Gyr breed by using a two-trait random regression model
Authors: González-Herrera L. G. , Pereira R. J. , El Faro L. , Albuquerque L. G.
Published: November 2021

Context Lactation persistency (LP) is an economically important characteristic to include in the selection objectives of the Gyr breed. Two persistency measures were tested to establish their contribution to the genetic evaluation of milk production in this genotype. The second measure of persistency studied would be the more appropriate measure to use in the genetic evaluation of lactation persistency. Aim The aim of this work was to study LP in Gyr cows by using a random regression model (RRM) in two-trait analysis. Methods Test-day milk yields (TDMY) of the first two lactations of Gyr cows were analysed. RRM was performed by Bayesian inference using the GIBBS3F90 program. Fourth-order Legendre polynomials were used to describe the random additive genetic and permanent environmental effects of the animal. The fixed effects included in the model were contemporary group and, as covariates, age of cow at calving and the regression function according to the TDMY class of lactation as the average trajectories of lactation curve, distinguished by calving order. Two persistency measures (PSi, i.e. PS1 and PS2) were used in the analyses. Rank correlations were calculated between the predicted breeding values for PSi, 305-day lactation milk yield (MY305), and the regression coefficients a0 and a1, to determine the percentage of matching animals between rankings when different selection intensities are applied on the basis of the ranking for MY305. Key results The heritability estimates for PS1, PS2 and for MY305 were 0.19, 0.12 and 0.41 respectively, in the first lactation, and 0.43, 0.27 and 0.38 in the second lactation. The genetic correlation between MY305 and PS1 was negative and of low magnitude. The rank correlation between breeding values for PSi, obtained for bulls with at least five daughters with production records, was higher than 0.80 in the two lactation periods. Conclusions The results indicated that PS2 is the more suitable of the two persistency measures used in this work, for inclusion in genetic evaluations of lactation persistency in Brazilian Gyr cows. Implications PS2 must be included as a selection criteria in a breeding program for the Gyr breed.
A pilot study exploring sexual health clinician confidence and barriers to anal examination and proctoscopy in men who have sex with men
Authors: Hughes Richard , Fitzpatrick Colin , Nichols Kayleigh , Devlin John , Richardson Daniel
Published: November 2021

Anal examination and proctoscopy are important skills needed to facilitate the diagnoses of STIs and cancer. Clinician (25 doctors/15 nurses) confidence was higher for anal examination versus proctoscopy (median Likert scores 4/5 vs 5/5, P ≤ 0.05) and higher in doctors compared with nurses (median Likert scores 5/5 vs 4/5, P < 0.008, 4/5 vs 2/5, P < 0.005), and related to years of experience (5/5 vs 4/5, P < 0.001, 3/5 vs 5/5, P = 0.007). Barriers included lack of opportunities for training, concerns about patient reluctance, and lack of available equipment. We need to be innovative when up-skilling the specialist sexual health workforce using online training and optimising opportunities for clinical assessment of MSM.
Community-supported agriculture (CSA): Significance and prospects for growth for individuals, communities, and food systems
Authors: Mert-Cakal T. , Miele M.
Published: November 2021

Community-supported agriculture (CSA) is an alternative way of supplying food based on direct interaction between producers and consumers. As an alternative food network (AFN) and a form of civic agriculture, it is considered a more sustainable way of food production and consumption compared to the conventional food system. The number of CSA initiatives has been increasing in the last few decades worldwide parallel to growing scholarly debates about its usefulness, viability and potential. This article contributes to the review of the following: The impacts of CSA on individuals and communities, including motives for involvement and benefits received; the impacts of CSA on food systems, particularly on sustainability; and the barriers and opportunities for CSA growth. We conclude that CSA addresses the needs for sustainable and ecologically sound food and contributes to community building by reconnecting urban and rural places and people with their food. It is also an active position against the unsustainable dominant food systems and shows a different way of caring for the planet and the people. However, in order to grow, CSA needs to overcome certain barriers, namely financial difficulties, unrealistic member expectations and the need for social justice by providing livelihoods for the farmers and becoming more inclusive in terms of race, income and gender. The COVID-19 crisis presented an opportunity for CSA to become more effective as the CSA initiatives demonstrated resilience during lockdowns and the demand for their products increased.
Frontiers in data analysis methods: from causality detection to data driven experimental design
Authors: Murari A , Peluso E , Craciunescu T , Dormido-Canto S , Lungaroni M , Rossi R , Spolladore L , Vega J , Gelfusa M
Published: November 2021

On the route to the commercial reactor, the experiments in magnetical confinement nuclear fusion have become increasingly complex and they tend to produce huge amounts of data. New analysis tools have therefore become indispensable, to fully exploit the information generated by the most relevant devices, which are nowadays very expensive to both build and operate. The paper presents a series of innovative tools to cover the main aspects of any scientific investigation. Causality detection techniques can help identify the right causes of phenomena and can become very useful in the optimisation of synchronisation experiments, such as the pacing of sawteeth instabilities with ion cyclotron radiofrequency heating modulation. Data driven theory is meant to go beyond traditional machine learning tools, to provide interpretable and physically meaningful models. The application to very severe problems for the tokamak configuration, such as disruptions, could help not only in understanding the physics but also in extrapolating the solutions to the next generation of devices. A specific methodology has also been developed to support the design of new experiments, proving that the same progress in the derivation of empirical models could be achieved with a significantly reduced number of discharges.
Kinetic simulations of collision-less plasmas in open magnetic geometries
*
Authors: Kumar Atul , Caneses Marin Juan F
Published: November 2021

Laboratory plasmas in open magnetic geometries can be found in many different applications such as (a) scrape-of-layer (SOL) and divertor regions in toroidal confinement fusion devices, (b) linear divertor simulators, (c) plasma-based thrusters and (d) magnetic mirrors etc. A common feature of these plasma systems is the need to resolve, in addition to velocity space, at least one physical dimension (e.g. along flux lines) to capture the relevant physics. In general, this requires a kinetic treatment. Fully kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations can be applied but at the expense of large computational effort. A common way to resolve this is to use a hybrid approach: kinetic ions and fluid electrons. In the present work, the development of a hybrid PIC computational tool suitable for open magnetic geometries is described which includes (a) the effect of non-uniform magnetic fields, (b) finite fully-absorbing boundaries for the particles and (c) volumetric particle sources. Analytical expressions for the momentum transport in the paraxial limit are presented with their underlying assumptions and are used to validate the results from the PIC simulations. A general method is described to construct discrete particle distribution functions in a state of mirror-equilibrium. This method is used to obtain the initial state for the PIC simulation. Collisionless simulations in a mirror geometry are performed. The results show that the effect of magnetic compression is correctly described and momentum is conserved. The self-consistent electric field is calculated and is shown to modify the ion velocity distribution function in a manner consistent with analytic theory. Based on this analysis, the ion distribution function is understood in terms of a loss-cone distribution and an isotropic Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution driven by a volumetric plasma source. Finally, the inclusion of a Monte Carlo based Fokker-Planck collision operator is discussed in the context of future work.
Exploring hot and dense QCD matter with HADES
Authors: Kornakov Georgy
Published: November 2021

Experiments at snn

s

NN

=
2
−
3

3 GeV provide the lowest energy point of the global effort made by the heavy-ion community in order to map the QCD phase diagram. This correspond to the highest baryon chemical potential, 700-900 MeV according to the universal freeze-out curve, and temperatures of the fireball of 60-80 MeV. The formed matter can be characterized in terms of particle spectra, fluctuations and correlations. The dilepton spectrum is dominated by thermal emission from the medium and it is sensitive to in medium hadron properties. Strangeness production occurs below the free nucleon-nucleon threshold and it is a sensitive probe to test models of strangeness propagation in matter and its coupling to baryons. Data show a common scaling of measured yields as a function of number of participating nucleons independently on the strangeness content or mass of the hadron. Strangeness propagation in cold nuclear matter produced in pion induced reactions on heavy and light targets shows a significant absorption of negative kaons in heavy targets as well as a similar behaviour of ϕ indicating a strong coupling of ϕ with nucleons. Two-pion correlations, flow harmonics, fluctuations are explored as well in order to further pin down the properties of the created matter.
Lifetime measurement around 132Sn with the ν-Ball array
Authors: Häfner G , Lozeva R , Blazhev A , Canavan R L , Etasse D , Jolie J , Jovancevic N , Gerst R B , Kröll Th , Lebois M , Regan P H , Rudigier M , Thisse D , Warr N , Wilson J N
Published: November 2021

Neutron-rich nuclei were studied after fast neutron-induced fission of 238U and 232Th at the ALTO facility in Orsay, France. The neutrons were produced with the LICORNE directional neutron source using a pulsed 7Li beam provided by the Tandem accelerator. The actinide targets were surrounded by the ν-Ball array to measure the de-excitation of fission fragments. The ν-Ball array is a hybrid spectrometer which consists of HPGe detectors (equipped with BGO shielding) and LaBr3(Ce) scintillation detectors allowing for high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy and lifetime measurements in the ns/sub-ns range. This contribution presents preliminary results on 134Te and 137I populated in the 238U(n,f) reaction.
Photoproduction of the Λ(1520) hyperon with a 9 GeV photon beam at GlueX
Authors: Pauli Peter
Published: November 2021

The GlueX experiment is located at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) in Newport News, VA, USA. It features a hermetic 4π detector with excellent tracking and calorimetry capabilities. Its 9 GeV linearly polarized photon beam is produced from the 12 GeV electron beam, delivered by JLab’s Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF), via bremsstrahlung on a thin diamond and is incident on a LH2 target. GlueX recently finished its first data taking period and published first results.

The main goal of GlueX is to measure gluonic excitations of mesons. These so-called hybrid or exotic mesons are predicted by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) but haven’t been experimentally confirmed yet. They can have quantum numbers not accessible by ordinary quark-antiquark pairs which helps in identifying them using partial wave analysis techniques. The search for exotic mesons requires a very good understanding of photoproduction processes in a wide range of final states, one of them being pK
+
K
− which contains many meson and baryon reactions. The Λ(1520) is a prominent hyperon resonance in this final state and is the subject of this presentation.

This talk will give an introduction to the GlueX experiment and show preliminary results for the photoproduction of the Λ(1520) hyperon. The measurement of important observables like the photon beam asymmetry and spin-density matrix elements will be discussed and an outlook to possible measurements of further hyperon states in the pK
+
K
− final state will be given.
Extraction of

ALUsin(ϕ)

moments from the hard exclusive π+ channel in a wide range of kinematics with CLAS
Authors: Diehl Stefan , Joo Kyungseon
Published: November 2021

The beam-spin asymmetry (BSA) has been measured for the hard exclusive e p → e n π+ reaction over a wide range of kinematics in the deep inelastic regime. The measurements were performed with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) using a 5.5 GeV polarized electron beam at Jefferson Lab (JLAB). The ϕ dependence of the BSA as well as the −t, Q
2 and xB
dependence of the extracted ALU
sin(ϕ) moment will be presented. For ALU
sin(ϕ) a clear sign change can be observed between pions emitted in forward and backward direction with a smooth transition around 90° in CM. The results will be discussed in the context of formalisms depending on generalized parton distributions (GPDs) and transition distribution amplitudes (TDAs), which can be used to describe complementary kinematic regimes.
Studying neutron structure at Jefferson Lab through electron scattering off the deuteron, using CLAS12 and the Central Neutron Detector
Authors: Naidoo Paul , Sokhan Daria , Chatagnon Pierre , Niccolai Silvia , Price Katheryne
Published: November 2021

Generalised Parton Distributions (GPDs) offer a way of imaging nucleons through 3D tomography. They can be accessed experimentally in processes such as Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) and Deeply Virtual Meson Production (DVMP), where a high energy electron scatters from a quark inside a nucleon and a high energy photon or meson is produced as a result. Jefferson Lab has recently completed its energy upgrade and Hall B houses the new, large-acceptance CLAS12 detector array optimised for measurements of DVCS and DVMP in the newly accessible kinematic regime. Measurements on the proton and neutron are complementary and both are necessary to facilitate access to the full set of GPDs and enable their flavour separation. Neutron DVCS and DVMP are possible with the use of a deuteron target – the first CLAS12 experiment with which has started taking data this year. To enable exclusive reconstruction of DVCS and neutral-meson DVMP, a dedicated detector for recoiling neutrons – the Central Neutron Detector (CND) – was integrated into CLAS12. We present the first CLAS12 deuteron-target experiment, with a focus on the performance of the CND.
IAEA activities in support of nuclear physics research and applications
Authors: Ridikas D
Published: November 2021

Facilitation of development and promotion of nuclear applications for peaceful purposes and related capacity building are among the IAEA missions where Physics Section contributes most. The relevant activities fall under the IAEA’s program ‘nuclear science’ and cover four main thematic areas: applications of particle accelerators, sustainable utilization of research reactors, controlled fusion research and technology, and nuclear instrumentation. The Section also operates the Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory (NSIL) at Seibersdorf, located approximately 40 km south of Vienna. NSIL’s primary mission is to assist IAEA Member States to establish, operate and maintain various nuclear instrumentation and spectrometry-based techniques in support of a wide range of applications such as materials This paper will illustrate through a number of selected examples how the IAEA supports nuclear physics research and diverse applications in order to address key development priorities in many areas of societal importance and economic growth of the developing countries. In addition, some future plans on enhancing capabilities of the Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory as part of Physics Section will be highlighted, in particular by establishment of the neutron science facility and considerations for a compact ion beam accelerator.
An Analysis of Vibration Reduction Design on the Bicycle Frame Based on Multi-Body Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Arifin A , Tsai T M , Siswanto I
Published: November 2021

In recent years, the awareness of environmental protection has risen, and modern people’s quality of life has improved. Bicycles are no longer just general transportation and carrying tools, but evolved into the need to emphasize comfortable riding, energy-saving and carbon reduction, and physical fitness. In this study, the different vehicle-to-weight ratio and road bumpiness before and after designing the bicycle frame’s damping and stiffness parameters were considered. The simulation results designate that the seat acceleration in both the y and z-axis is adequate constant, and the seat velocity gradually increases, whereas the vertical seat displacement of damped has significantly reduced compared with undamped.
Study on characteristics and source of tight gas in the Shahezi formation, Xujiaweizi Fault Depression, Songliao Basin, China
Authors: Xue Wang , Bo Chi
Published: November 2021

The Xujiaweizi fault depression is rich in natural gas resources in Lower Cretaceous and a major fault depression of the deep strata in northern Songliao Basin. In this study, the tight gas is coaliferous gas in the K1sh Formation of the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression. The methane carbon isotope value of tight gas is controlled by mature evolution. The cause of reversed sequence and partially reversed sequence of gas components carbon isotope is carbon isotope fractionation with hydrocarbon generation evolution of high-overmature stage source rock. The carbon isotope values of the low content components are obviously lighter with the increase of buried depth at the late stage of mature evolution. The carbon isotope values of adsorbed gas show similar characteristics, whether mudstone, carbargilite or coal in the same well. The tight gas reservoir is self-generation and self-accumulation gas reservoir by vertical diffusion and short distance migration in the K1sh Formation of the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression. It is important to study on the geochemical characteristics and the genesis of tight gas for guiding the exploration and deployment in the future.
Evaluation of water resources carrying capacity of major industries in northwest of China: A case study of textile industry in Aksu, Xinjiang Province, China
Authors: Zhao L Y , Zhu M M , Niu W L , Xia M H , Gao W L , Sun G
Published: November 2021

With the implementation of the “Belt and Road Initiative”, the north-western region of China is welcoming a new development opportunity. Textile industry is a vital industry for people’s livelihood in Xinjiang, which plays an important role in promoting the development of related industries, stimulating the growth of domestic demand, increasing the capacity and level of employment, and promoting social harmony. However, the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in Xinjiang is extremely uneven, the contradiction between water resources shortage with economic and social development is increasingly prominent. This paper aims to figure out the pressure degree on water resources with the development of textile industry, propose the countermeasures of water saving and pollution reduction in textile industry, by using the osculating value method model to evaluate the water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) of Aksu’s textile industry. Results indicates that the water resources carrying capacity in the study area was overload in 2015, the water consumption of textile industry and the agricultural irrigation were the dominant factors caused a situation of an overloaded water resources carrying capacity. Beside government issues policies to limit water resources consumption and sewage permit system, the optimal measure for reversing this situation is to adopt advanced technologies in water conservation and pollution control in textile industry and new water-saving technology of agriculture irrigation.
Study on a New Exploration Field in Tamchag Basin
Authors: Jiang Hongfu , Liu Li , Chen Wei
Published: November 2021

Based on seismic, geological, logging and mud logging data, the seismic reflection, electrical, sedimentary and production characteristics of Tongbomiao formation and Nantun formation in a depression are compared, and a set of horizons above Tongbomiao formation in a depression are studied. The results show that the original Tongbomiao formation is actually the fourth oil formation of the first member of Nantun Formation. It is a slope fan sedimentary system overlying the Tongbomiao formation and is a lithologic reservoir. This set of strata is mainly distributed in the steep slope break zone of the basement uplift area. Because it is the same strong reflection axis as Tongbomiao strata in the earthquake, it is difficult to distinguish them. It has been mistaken for Tongbomiao strata for a long time. The re-recognition of this set of reservoirs is of great significance for searching for lithologic reservoirs, tapping the remaining potential of the developed fault block structures at low positions and improving the effect of water injection development.
Technical Efficiency Of Upland and Downland Rice Farming In Border Area using MLE Frontier Production
Authors: Jumiati E , Sulistyo A , Machmuddin N , Jafar R
Published: November 2021

The background research was Indonesianagriculture development towards food sovereignty. Rice is the main food crop everywhere in Indonesia including in the border area. The isgeographical constrains on the fulfillment of farming input and the position of the research location makes this research necessary. The technical efficiency of upland and downland rice farming was estimated using MLE frontier production. The result showed that the level of the obtained technical efficiency for upland and downland rice farming was varying between 23%-99% and 88%-99%, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the influencing factors of technical efficiency were farm size, seed, herbicide, and labor.
Reproductive performance of female swamp buffalo in West Sumatra
Authors: Reswati R , Purwanto BP , Priyanto R , Manalu W , Arifiantini R I
Published: November 2021

The swamp buffalo population in West Sumatra Province decline continuously due to the low female reproductive performance. This research was conducted to identify female buffalo reproductive performance, which could be used as baseline data to enhance its population growth. A survey research method was conducted in two subdistricts, namely Lubuk Basung and Matur, located at different altitudes. Data were collected by interviewing farmers and observing their farms. The parameters observed were age at first mating, age at first calving, calving interval, service per conception, and buffalo farming practices. Significant differences in reproductive performances of female buffalo were observed. Age at first mating 39.04 ± 9.91 and 33.67 ± 5.3 mo., age at first calving 51.61 ± 9.95 and 45.71 ± 5.58 mo., calving interval 27.26 ± 8.84 and 24.17 ± 7.06 mo., and services per conception 1.82 ± 0.82 and 1.55 ± 0.78 were represented buffalo in Lubuk Basung and Matur, respectively. The buffalo reproductive performances in both locations were not optimal; however, Matur’s buffalo reproductive performances were better than those in Lubuk Basung due to its better farming practices and more comfort climatic conditions. Therefore, improving farming practice is essential to enhance buffalo’s reproductive performance and population growth.
IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC MULCH EFFECTS ON WEED DIVERSITY AND SHALLOT (Allium ascalonicum L.) PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Murtilaksono A , Nainggolan R G , Matius O , Rahim A
Published: November 2021

Shallot cultivation in North Kalimantan has not been implemented properly. This is because the soil in North Kalimantan is acid so the yield of shallot is low. One effort to increase soil pH using organic mulch. Organic mulch has the function of maintaining soil moisture and inhibiting the growth of weeds so that shallot cultivation can grow well. This study aims to determine the effects of organic mulch on weed diversity and yield of shallot. The study was conducted using Randomized Block Design with the treatment without mulch (P0), Imperata cylindrica mulch (P1), Cyperus rotundus mulch (P2), Eleusine indica mulch (P3) and Cynodon Dactylon mulch (P4). The results showed that the parameters of shallot using Cyperus rotundus mulch and Eleusine indica mulch increased the number of tubers is 11.57%. In this study, species of weeds had the highest a on each treatment were species Elusine indica on without mulch (21.93%), Cyperus rotundus mulch (54.26%), and Eleusine indica mulch (28.79%). Then, species Borreria latifolia on Imperata cylindrica mulch (28.79%), and species Cynodon dactylon on Cynodon dactylon mulch (47.21%).
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza inoculation for Increasing the Tolerance Index and Productivity of Soybean on Marginal Soils
Authors: Sukmasari M.D , Dani Umar , Wijaya Acep Atma
Published: November 2021

An efforts to increase soybean crop productivity are highly related to of nutrients availability and crops management. This research was conducted to investigate the plant tolerance index (TI) and the mycorrhizae role to increase the availability of nutrients P and soybean productivity in a dry land. Factorial randomized block design that consists of mycorrhizal factors (0, 5, 10 and 15 g of inoculant per plant) and soybean cultivars (Anjasmoro, Dering 1 and Grobogan) and the repeated three times. The results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation with a dose of 10 g mycorrhizae per plant was able to increase the root length, root volume, dry weights, grain number and the weight of 100 grains. The highest number of grains was obtained by_ the Dering 1 cultivar. In addition the higher of 100 grains weigh was resulted by the Grobogan and anjasmoro cultivar. The cultivar adaptability was increased_ by mycorrhizal inoculation on marginal soils Further more mycorrhizal inoculation gave a nonsignificant effect of tolerance index and the highest TI (1,97) was obtained _by dering cultivars. These results confirmes that the usage 10 g plant−1 of mycorrhizal inoculants chould be applied for increasing the growth and soybean productivity of marginal land.
Microscopic Description of 170
Er, 172
Yb, 174
Hf, and 176
W Isotones
Authors: Kassim Yasir Yahya , Al-Jubbori Mushtaq Abed , Ahmed Imad Mamdouh , Abdullah Hewa Y. , Sharrad Fadhil I.
Published: November 2021

The properties of 170
Er,
172Yb,
174Hf, and
176Wisotones have been studied and their energy states calculated. To identify the properties of each isotone, the values of the first excited states,

E

2
1
+

and the ratio of the second excited states to the first excited states,

R

4
/
2

=
E

4
1
+

/
E

2
1
+

for all nuclei under consideration were adopted. To determine the properties of each nucleus, the relationship between the moment of inertia 2𝜗/ℏ
2 and the square of the angular frequency, ℏ
2
𝜔
2, the relationship between successive excited states to those preceding them

r

(

I
+
2
)

I

)

and the ΔI = 1 staggering between the GSB and the NPB states were studied for all states of
170Er,
172Yb,
174Hf, and
176W isotones. After identifying the properties of each isotone, the rotational limit in the interacting boson model IBM-1 and the IVBM model was used to calculate the energy states for each isotone and the results were compared with the experimental values. and good agreement was observed with some exception. The inaccuracy of some calculations in the IBM-1 results from the lying of some high states out the range of the rotational properties that were used.
Proceedings From a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Workshop to Control Hypertension
Authors: Commodore-Mensah Yvonne , Loustalot Fleetwood , Himmelfarb Cheryl Dennison , Desvigne-Nickens Patrice , Sachdev Vandana , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Clauser Steven B , Cohen Deborah J , Egan Brent M , Fendrick A Mark , Ferdinand Keith C , Goodman Cliff , Graham Garth N , Jaffe Marc G , Krumholz Harlan M , Levy Phillip D , Mays Glen P , McNellis Robert , Muntner Paul , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Milani Richard V , Polgreen Linnea A , Reisman Lonny , Sanchez Eduardo J , Sperling Laurence S , Wall Hilary K , Whitten Lori , Wright Jackson T , Wright Janet S , Fine Lawrence J
Published: November 2021

Hypertension treatment and control prevent more cardiovascular events than management of other modifiable risk factors. Although the age-adjusted proportion of US adults with controlled blood pressure (BP) defined as <140/90 mm Hg, improved from 31.8% in 1999–2000 to 48.5% in 2007–2008, it remained stable through 2013–2014 and declined to 43.7% in 2017–2018. To address the rapid decline in hypertension control, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a virtual workshop with multidisciplinary national experts. Also, the group sought to identify opportunities to reverse the adverse trend and further improve hypertension control. The workshop immediately preceded the Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Control Hypertension, which recognized a stagnation in progress with hypertension control. The presentations and discussions included potential reasons for the decline and challenges in hypertension control, possible “big ideas,” and multisector approaches that could reverse the current trend while addressing knowledge gaps and research priorities. The broad set of “big ideas” was comprised of various activities that may improve hypertension control, including: interventions to engage patients, promotion of self-measured BP monitoring with clinical support, supporting team-based care, implementing telehealth, enhancing community–clinical linkages, advancing precision population health, developing tailored public health messaging, simplifying hypertension treatment, using process and outcomes quality metrics to foster accountability and efficiency, improving access to high-quality health care, addressing social determinants of health, supporting cardiovascular public health and research, and lowering financial barriers to hypertension control.