bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embryonic hypoxia programmes postprandial cardiovascular function in adult common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina)
Authors: Wearing Oliver H. , Conner Justin , Nelson Derek , Crossley Janna , Crossley Dane A.
Published: May 2017

Reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia) is a potent stressor during embryonic development, altering the trajectory of trait maturation and organismal phenotype. We previously documented that chronic embryonic hypoxia has a lasting impact on the metabolic response to feeding in juvenile snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina). Turtles exposed to hypoxia as embryos (10% O2, H10) exhibited an earlier and increased peak postprandial oxygen consumption rate, compared to control turtles (21% O2, N21). In the current study, we measured central blood flow patterns to determine whether the elevated postprandial metabolic response in H10 turtles is linked to lasting impacts on convective transport. Five years after hatching, turtles were instrumented to quantify systemic (Q̇sys) and pulmonary (Q̇pul) blood flows and heart rate (fH) before and after a ∼5% body mass meal. In adult N21 and H10 turtles, fH was increased significantly by feeding. While total stroke volume (Vstot) remained at fasted values, this tachycardia contributed to an elevation in total cardiac output (Q̇tot). However, there was a postprandial reduction in a net left-right (L-R) shunt in N21 snapping turtles only. Relative to N21 turtles, H10 animals exhibited higher Q̇sys due to increased blood flow through the right systemic outflow vessels of the heart. This effect of hypoxic embryonic development, reducing a net L-R cardiac shunt, may support the increased postprandial metabolic rate we previously reported in H10 turtles, and is further demonstration of adult reptile cardiovascular physiology being programmed by embryonic hypoxia.
Molybdenum Dithiolene Complexes: Trinuclear Mixed-Valence Complexes and Geometrical Isomers of Dinuclear Complexes
Authors: Akashi Haruo , Machida Norihiko , Kamada Takahiro , Nihashi Hiroki , Aya Dai , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Takagi Hideaki , Shibahara Takashi
Published: May 2017

The reaction of an oxygen- and sulfur-bridged incomplete cubane-type molybdenum complex [Mo3(µ3-S)(µ-S)2(µ-O)(dtp)3(µ-dtp)(CH3CN)] (3) (dtp, diethyl dithiophosphate) with methyl propiolate (HC≡CCOOCH3, MP) and phenyl acetylene (HC≡CC6H5, PA) yields trinuclear mixed-valence Mo3(IV, V, V) complexes [Mo3(O)2(µ3-S)(µ3-SCH=C(COOCH3)S)(dtp)3(µ-OAc)] (3MP) and [Mo3(O)2(µ3-S)(µ3-SCH=C(C6H5)S)(dtp)3(µ-OAc)] (3PA), respectively, and also dinuclear Mo2(V, V) complexes [Mo2(O)2(µ-S)(µ-SCH=C(COOCH3)S)(dtp)2] (2aMP and 2bMP (a geometrical isomer of 2aMP)) and [Mo2(O)2(µ-S)(µ-SCH=C(C6H5)S)(dtp)2] (2aPA and 2bPA (a geometrical isomer of 2aPA)), respectively. The origin of the geometrical isomerism of the dimers comes from the unsymmetric nature of the acetylene derivatives. All of the structures were determined by X-ray crystallography, which revealed that each complex has two carbon-sulfur (µ-S) bonds arising from the adduct formation reaction between complex 3 and an acetylene derivative MP or PA. 1H NMR spectroscopy has proven that the dinuclear complexes are formed via the trinuclear complexes. The XPS spectra of 3MP show that the peaks of Mo 3d3/2 and Mo 3d5/2 are clearly split into two in the ratio of two to one, respectively, while those of 3 show no splitting, which indicates that 3MP is a mixed-valence complex with Mo3(IV, V, V) oxidation states. Cyclic voltammograms of 3MP and 3PA show chemically reversible one-electron oxidation processes at E1/2 = 0.21 V and E1/2 = 0.15 V vs. Ag/Ag+, respectively, and irreversible reduction peaks at −0.92 V and −1.00 V vs. Ag/Ag+, respectively. The dinuclear complexes, especially 2aPA and 2bPA having phenyl groups, are photosensitive to give their isomeric counter parts.
Immunoprofiling of human uterine mast cells identifies three phenotypes and expression of ERβ and glucocorticoid receptor
Authors: De Leo Bianca , Esnal-Zufiaurre Arantza , Collins Frances , Critchley Hilary O.D. , Saunders Philippa T.K.
Published: May 2017

Background:Human mast cells (MCs) are long-lived tissue-resident immune cells characterised by granules containing the proteases chymase and/or tryptase. Their phenotype is modulated by their tissue microenvironment. The human uterus has an outer muscular layer (the myometrium) surrounding the endometrium, both of which play an important role in supporting a pregnancy. The endometrium is a sex steroid target tissue consisting of epithelial cells (luminal, glandular) surrounded by a multicellular stroma, with the latter containing an extensive vascular compartment as well as fluctuating populations of immune cells that play an important role in regulating tissue function. The role of MCs in the human uterus is poorly understood with little known about their regulation or the impact of steroids on their differentiation status.

The current study had two aims: 1) To investigate the spatial and temporal location of uterine MCs and determine their phenotype; 2) To determine whether MCs express receptors for steroids implicated in uterine function, including oestrogen (ERα, ERβ), progesterone (PR) and glucocorticoids (GR).

Methods:Tissue samples from women (n=46) were used for RNA extraction or fixed for immunohistochemistry.

Results:Messenger RNAs encoded byTPSAB1(tryptase) andCMA1(chymase) were detected in endometrial tissue homogenates. Immunohistochemistry revealed the relative abundance of tryptase MCs was myometrium>basal endometrium>functional endometrium. We show for the first time that uterine MCs are predominantly of the classical MC subtypes: (positive, +; negative, -) tryptase+/chymase- and tryptase+/chymase+, but a third subtype was also identified (tryptase-/chymase+). Tryptase+ MCs were of an ERβ+/ERα-/PR-/GR+ phenotype mirroring other uterine immune cell populations, including natural killer cells.

Conclusions:Endometrial tissue resident immune MCs have three protease-specific phenotypes. Expression of both ERβ and GR in MCs mirrors that of other immune cells in the endometrium and suggests that MC function may be altered by the local steroid microenvironment.
A multi-scale computational model of the effects of TMS on motor cortex
Authors: Seo Hyeon , Schaworonkow Natalie , Jun Sung Chan , Triesch Jochen
Published: May 2017

The detailed biophysical mechanisms through which transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) activates cortical circuits are still not fully understood. Here we present a multi-scale computational model to describe and explain the activation of different pyramidal cell types in motor cortex due to TMS. Our model determines precise electric fields based on an individual head model derived from magnetic resonance imaging and calculates how these electric fields activate morphologically detailed models of different neuron types. We predict neural activation patterns for different coil orientations consistent with experimental findings. Beyond this, our model allows us to calculate activation thresholds for individual neurons and precise initiation sites of individual action potentials on the neurons’ complex morphologies. Specifically, our model predicts that cortical layer 3 pyramidal neurons are generally easier to stimulate than layer 5 pyramidal neurons, thereby explaining the lower stimulation thresholds observed for I-waves compared to D-waves. It also shows differences in the regions of activated cortical layer 5 and layer 3 pyramidal cells depending on coil orientation. Finally, it predicts that under standard stimulation conditions, action potentials are mostly generated at the axon initial segment of cortical pyramidal cells, with a much less important activation site being the part of a layer 5 pyramidal cell axon where it crosses the boundary between grey matter and white matter. In conclusion, our computational model offers a detailed account of the mechanisms through which TMS activates different cortical pyramidal cell types, paving the way for more targeted application of TMS based on individual brain morphology in clinical and basic research settings.
The knee meniscus: management of traumatic tears and degenerative lesions
Authors: Beaufils Philippe , Becker Roland , Kopf Sebastian , Matthieu Ollivier , Pujol Nicolas
Published: May 2017

Meniscectomy is one of the most popular orthopaedic procedures, but long-term results are not entirely satisfactory and the concept of meniscal preservation has therefore progressed over the years. However, the meniscectomy rate remains too high even though robust scientific publications indicate the value of meniscal repair or non-removal in traumatic tears and non-operative treatment rather than meniscectomy in degenerative meniscal lesions In traumatic tears, the first-line choice is repair or non-removal. Longitudinal vertical tears are a proper indication for repair, especially in the red-white or red-red zones. Success rate is high and cartilage preservation has been proven. Non-removal can be discussed for stable asymptomatic lateral meniscal tears in conjunction with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Extended indications are now recommended for some specific conditions: horizontal cleavage tears in young athletes, hidden posterior capsulo-meniscal tears in ACL injuries, radial tears and root tears. Degenerative meniscal lesions are very common findings which can be considered as an early stage of osteoarthritis in middle-aged patients. Recent randomised studies found that arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) has no superiority over non-operative treatment. Thus, non-operative treatment should be the first-line choice and APM should be considered in case of failure: three months has been accepted as a threshold in the ESSKA Meniscus Consensus Project presented in 2016. Earlier indications may be proposed in cases with considerable mechanical symptoms. The main message remains: save the meniscus!

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160056. Originally published online at www.efortopenreviews.org
Articular impaction injuries in the lower limb
Authors: Pountos Ippokratis , Giannoudis Peter V.
Published: May 2017

The effective management of articular impacted fractures requires the successful elevation of the osteochondral fragment to eliminate joint incongruency and the stable fixation of the fragments providing structural support to the articular surface. The anatomical restoration of the joint can be performed either with elevation through a cortical window, through balloon-guided osteoplasty or direct visualisation of the articular surface. Structural support of the void created in the subchondral area can be achieved through the use of bone graft materials (autologous tricortical bone), or synthetic bone graft substitutes. In the present study, we describe the available techniques and materials that can be used in treating impacted osteochondral fragments with special consideration of their epidemiology and treatment options.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160072. Originally published online at www.efortopenreviews.org
The adult cavus foot
Authors: Maynou Carlos , Szymanski Christophe , Thiounn Alexis
Published: May 2017

Cavovarus deformity can be classified by the severity of malalignment ranging from a subtle and flexible to a severe and fixed cavovarus deformity of the foot. In the mild cavovarus foot, careful clinical assessment is required to identify the deformity. Weight-bearing radiographs are necessary to indicate the apex of the deformity and quantify the correction required. Surgery is performed when conservative measures fail and various surgical procedures have been described, including a combination of soft-tissue releases, tendon transfers and osteotomies, all with the aim of achieving a plantigrade and balanced foot. Joint-sparing surgery is the best option in flexible cavovarus foot even in Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease (peroneal muscular atrophy). Arthrodesis is indicated in severe rigid cavus foot or in degenerative cases.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160077. Originally published online at www.efortopenreviews.org
Malignant tumours of the foot and ankle
Authors: Mascard E. , Gaspar N. , Brugières L. , Glorion C. , Pannier S. , Gomez-Brouchet A.
Published: May 2017

Most of tumours of the foot are tumour-like (synovial cyst, foreign body reactions and epidermal inclusion cyst) or benign conditions (tenosynovial giant cells tumours, planta fibromatosis). Malignant tumours of the soft-tissue and skeleton are very rare in the foot and their diagnosis is often delayed with referral to specialised teams after initial inappropriate procedures or unplanned excisions. The adverse effect of these misdiagnosed tumours is the increasing rate of amputation or local recurrences in the involved patients. In every lump, imaging should be discussed before any local treatment. Every lesion which is not an obvious synovial cyst or plantar fibromatosis should have a biopsy performed. After the age of 40 years, chondrosarcoma is the most usual malignant tumour of the foot. In young patients bone tumours such as osteosarcoma or Ewing’s sarcoma, are very unusually located in the foot. Synovial sarcoma is the most frequent histological diagnosis in soft tissues. Epithelioid sarcoma or clear cell sarcoma, involve more frequently the foot and ankle than other sites. The classic local treatment of malignant conditions of the foot and ankle was below-knee amputation at different levels. Nowadays, with the development of adjuvant therapies, some patients may benefit from conservative surgery or partial amputation after multidisciplinary team discussions. The prognosis of foot malignancy is not different from that at other locations, except perhaps in chondrosarcoma, which seems to be less aggressive in the foot. The anatomy of the foot is very complex with many bony and soft tissue structures in a relatively small space making large resections and conservative treatments difficult to achieve.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160078. Originally published online at www.efortopenreviews.org
The patellofemoral joint: from dysplasia to dislocation
Authors: Zaffagnini Stefano , Grassi Alberto , Zocco Gianluca , Rosa Michele Attilo , Signorelli Cecilia , Muccioli Giulio Maria Marcheggiani
Published: May 2017

Patellofemoral dysplasia is a major predisposing factor for instability of the patellofemoral joint. However, there is no consensus as to whether patellofemoral dysplasia is genetic in origin, caused by imbalanced forces producing maltracking and remodelling of the trochlea during infancy and growth, or due to other unknown and unexplored factors. The biomechanical effects of patellofemoral dysplasia on patellar stability and on surgical procedures have not been fully investigated. Also, different anatomical and demographic risk factors have been suggested, in an attempt to identify the recurrent dislocators. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of all the radiographic, MRI and CT parameters can help the clinician to assess patients with primary and recurrent patellar dislocation and guide management. Patellofemoral dysplasia still represents an extremely challenging condition to manage. Its controversial aetiology and its complex biomechanical behaviour continue to pose more questions than answers to the research community, which reflects the lack of universally accepted guidelines for the correct treatment. However, due to the complexity of this condition, an extremely personalised approach should be reserved for each patient, in considering and addressing the anatomical abnormalities responsible for the symptoms.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160081. Originally published online at www.efortopenreviews.org
How to deal with a glenoid fracture
Authors: Frich Lars Henrik , Larsen Morten Schultz
Published: May 2017

The glenoid fossa is involved in approximately 10% of all scapular fractures. Glenoid fossa incongruity is surprisingly well tolerated. Surgery is recommended when 20% or more of the anterior glenoid fossa is involved. Glenoid rim fractures often lead to chronic shoulder instability. Unstable glenoid neck fractures need surgical treatment and stable fractures can be treated conservatively. CT examination with 3D reformations of the glenoid fossa has improved insight into fracture morphology and fracture patterns and is very helpful for clinical decision makers.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160082. Originally published online at www.efortopenreviews.org
Optimising position and stability in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Victor Jan
Published: May 2017

Alignment and stability are two key factors for success in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Several techniques have been advocated, the two best known being measured resection and tensioned gaps. Dogma and fuzzy wording have cast an obscure shadow on the dualistic discussion between proponents of both techniques. This review is an attempt to clarify definitions, analyse the flaws and pitfalls in the different techniques and make some suggestions for improvement.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.170001. Originally published online at www.efortopenreviews.org
Measuring domestic violence: context is everything
Authors: Myhill Andy
Published: May 2017

Measurement of domestic violence in population surveys has generated significant debate over a number of years, with researchers and practitioners split over the extent to which violence in intimate relationships is ‘gendered’. While many surveys suggest women and men experience similar levels of domestic violence, domestic violence practitioners see abuse as perpetrated primarily by men against women. Those writing from a feminist-advocate perspective propose that ‘gender symmetrical’ headline survey prevalence estimates are misleading and reflect problems with existing measurement frameworks. Two potential solutions have emerged to this problem: measuring acts of physical violence and associated criminal offences more accurately, and measuring the non-physically abusive context in which many acts of violence are situated. This article proposes that these two solutions are not incompatible, and that, in fact, both are desirable in order to illuminate fully the gendered nature of intimate violence. But while counting the frequency and severity of physical violence committed by men and women will go some way towards foregrounding gender in this debate, measuring non-violent coercion that falls outside traditional crime codes is fundamental, both to highlighting the true nature and severity of abuse experienced by women and men and identifying primary victims and perpetrators.
Understanding patriarchy, past and present: critical reflections on Gerda Lerner (1987), The Creation of Patriarchy, Oxford University Press
Authors: Gangoli Geetanjali
Published: May 2017

This article explores the contributions and continuing relevance of Gerda Lerner's The Creation of Patriarchy (1987) to current and international debates on gender and gender-based violence. I suggest that Lerner's conceptualisations of the reification of women's sexuality and reproduction in their subordination, and the complicity of women in their own oppression and the oppression of other women, are important in understanding the creation of patriarchy in Western society, through the use of gender-based violence. Further, these ideas have resonance in non-Western worlds, and in the present.
‘[H]andsome, clever, and rich’: Andrew Davies’ Emma (1996)
Authors: Coelho Ana Daniela
Published: May 2017

Jane Austen (1775–1817) is not only a paradigmatic example in adaptation studies but also one of the most complex cultural phenomena of our times. The countless adaptations in various media and a seemingly never-ending interest in everything Austen-related have led to a popular construction of both Austen and her work that is equally defined by the existing body of adaptations and subsequent new recreations. Although academics in the field are now exploring this and other related phenomena, scholarly attention is rarely bestowed on the role of the screenwriter in the process. This article explores the importance of such role by considering Andrew Davies, whose work on Austen and in other heritage adaptations is proof of how one screenwriter’s vision has contributed to the contemporary image of Austen. In particular, I focus my attention on Emma/Emma, whom Jane Austen reportedly described as ‘a heroine no one but myself will much like’ (1871/2016: 241). My article aims at discussing the importance of the screenwriter in modelling Emma’s character to modern audiences. Especially known for BBC’s Pride and Prejudice (1995), his work on ITV’s Emma (1996) is just as meaningful and even more challenging, if less recognized. By analysing Davies’ Emma/Emma I will argue how his interpretation influenced subsequent adaptations of the 1816 novel and heroine, thus reshaping them for a twenty-first-century audience.
A room with many views: Ruth Prawer Jhabvala’s and Andrew Davies’ adapted screenplays for A Room with a View (1985, 2007)
Authors: Fryer Laura
Published: May 2017

This article attempts to demonstrate the influence of screenwriters in film adaptation and the benefits of including screenplays in adaptation studies. It examines the significance of authorial attribution, identifying adaptation issues and discovering omitted scenes and dialogue in the screenplays written by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala and Andrew Davies for A Room with a View (1985 and 2007). These well-respected screenwriters are shown to steer the film adaptations and respond critically to E. M. Forster’s novel of the same name (1908) but also to leave their screenplays open to interpretation in an acceptance of film adaptation as a collaborative practice.
Re-inventing ballet: Motion, politics and working methods – An interview with William Forsythe
Authors: Aigner Franziska , Turkenich Uri
Published: May 2017

William Forsythe spoke to us about being a spectator of Pina Bausch’s work and about the German Stadttheater landscape of the 1970s and 80s, as well as about the development of his particular way of working in relation to the issues and concerns he found himself immersed in.
Crisis, violence and hope in the global spectacle
Authors: Puncer Mojca
Published: May 2017

The analysis of selected works of the 56th Venice Biennale places these works in contemporary social reality and reflects on the importance of contemporary curating practices. The paper finds that the 56th Biennale has demonstrated a diminishing faith in progress and in the weakening emancipatory power of art. At the same time, it has also undermined the domination of the Western view because the exhibition began to open to non-European perspectives, too.
Sounds of absence: Aurality and silence in Chile’s Mi vida con Carlos/My Life with Carlos (2010) and El eco de las canciones/The Echo of the Songs (2010)
Authors: Osborne Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

This article analyses the role of silence, sound and voice in two Chilean documentaries, Mi vida con Carlos/My Life with Carlos directed in 2010 by Germán Berger-Hertz and El eco de las canciones/The Echo of Songs in 2010 by Antonia Rossi, as examples of ethically engaged cinema that move the spectator to contemplate dictatorship and post-dictatorship from the perspective of the children of exile. In particular, natural soundscapes, silences, voice-overs and diegetic sounds and music from official media clips and found footage simultaneously signal presence and absence as related to the violence of the dictatorship and its lingering marks in the present. Building on the previous generation’s publication of literary testimonios, the aural features of both films move the audience to question discursive constructions and ultimately create an embodied viewing experience that asks the viewer to recognize the experience of other subjects and to be attune to on-going injustices.
LFTF
Authors: Yang Fan , Shang Fanhua , Huang Yuzhen , Cheng James , Li Jinfeng , Zhao Yunjian , Zhao Ruihao
Published: May 2017

Tensors are higher order generalizations of matrices to model multi-aspect data, e.g., a set of purchase records with the schema (user_id, product_id, timestamp, feedback). Tensor factorization is a powerful technique for generating a model from a tensor, just like matrix factorization generates a model from a matrix, but with higher accuracy and richer information as more attributes are available in a higher- order tensor than a matrix. The data model obtained by tensor factorization can be used for classification, recommendation, anomaly detection, and so on. Though having a broad range of applications, tensor factorization has not been popularly applied compared with matrix factorization that has been widely used in recommender systems, mainly due to the high computational cost and poor scalability of existing tensor factorization methods. Efficient and scalable tensor factorization is particularly challenging because real world tensor data are mostly sparse and massive. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed algorithm, called Lock-Free Tensor Factorization (LFTF), which significantly improves the efficiency and scalability of distributed tensor factorization by exploiting asynchronous execution in a re-formulated problem. Our experiments show that LFTF achieves much higher CPU and network throughput than existing methods, converges at least 17 times faster and scales to much larger datasets.
Dimensional testing for reverse
k
-nearest neighbor search
Authors: Casanova Guillaume , Englmeier Elias , Houle Michael E. , Kröger Peer , Nett Michael , Schubert Erich , Zimek Arthur
Published: May 2017

Given a query object
q,
reverse
k
-nearest neighbor (R
k
NN) search aims to locate those objects of the database that have
q
among their
k
-nearest neighbors. In this paper, we propose an approximation method for solving R
k
NN queries, where the pruning operations and termination tests are guided by a characterization of the intrinsic dimensionality of the data. The method can accommodate any index structure supporting incremental (forward) nearest-neighbor search for the generation and verification of candidates, while avoiding impractically-high preprocessing costs. We also provide experimental evidence that our method significantly outperforms its competitors in terms of the tradeoff between execution time and the quality of the approximation. Our approach thus addresses many of the scalability issues surrounding the use of previous methods in data mining.
Finding diverse, high-value representatives on a surface of answers
Authors: Wu You , Gao Junyang , Agarwal Pankaj K. , Yang Jun
Published: May 2017

In many applications, the system needs to selectively present a small subset of answers to users. The set of all possible answers can be seen as an elevation surface over a domain, where the elevation measures the quality of each answer, and the dimensions of the domain correspond to attributes of the answers with which similarity between answers can be measured. This paper considers the problem of finding a diverse set of
k
high-quality representatives for such a surface. We show that existing methods for diversified top-
k
and weighted clustering problems are inadequate for this problem. We propose
k
-DHR as a better formulation for the problem. We show that
k
-DHR has a submodular and monotone objective function, and we develop efficient algorithms for solving
k
-DHR with provable guarantees. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the usefulness of the results produced by
k
-DHR for applications in computational lead-finding and fact-checking, as well as the efficiency and effectiveness of our algorithms.
Automatic algorithm transformation for efficient multi-snapshot analytics on temporal graphs
Authors: Then Manuel , Kersten Timo , Günnemann Stephan , Kemper Alfons , Neumann Thomas
Published: May 2017

Analytical graph algorithms commonly compute metrics for a graph at one point in time. In practice it is often also of interest how metrics change over time, e.g., to find trends. For this purpose, algorithms must be executed for multiple graph snapshots.

We present
Single Algorithm Multiple Snapshots (SAMS)
, a novel approach to execute algorithms concurrently for multiple graph snapshots. SAMS automatically transforms graph algorithms to leverage similarities between the analyzed graph snapshots. The automatic transformation interleaves algorithm executions on multiple snapshots, synergistically shares their graph accesses and traversals, and optimizes the algorithm's data layout. Thus, SAMS can amortize the cost of random data accesses and improve memory bandwidth utilization---two main cost factors in graph analytics. We extensively evaluate SAMS using six well-known algorithms and multiple synthetic as well as real-world graph datasets. Our measurements show that in multi-snapshot analyses, SAMS offers runtime improvements of up to two orders of magnitude over traditional snapshot-at-a-time execution.
Looking ahead makes query plans robust
Authors: Zhu Jianqiao , Potti Navneet , Saurabh Saket , Patel Jignesh M.
Published: May 2017

Query optimizers and query execution engines cooperate to deliver high performance on complex analytic queries. Typically, the optimizer searches through the plan space and sends a selected plan to the execution engine. However, optimizers may at times miss the optimal plan, with sometimes disastrous impact on performance. In this paper, we develop the notion of robustness of a query evaluation strategy with respect to a space of query plans. We also propose a novel query execution strategy called
Lookahead Information Passing (LIP)
that is robust with respect to the space of (fully pipeline-able) left-deep query plan trees for in-memory star schema data warehouses. LIP ensures that execution times for the best and the worst case plans are far closer than without LIP. In fact, under certain assumptions of independent and uniform distributions, any plan in that space is theoretically guaranteed to execute in near-optimal time. LIP ensures that the execution time for every plan in the space is nearly-optimal. In this paper, we also evaluate these claims using workloads that include skew and correlation. With LIP we make an initial foray into a novel way of thinking about robustness from the perspective of query evaluation, where we develop strategies (like LIP) that collapse plan sub-spaces in the overall global plan space.
Advances in photonic reservoir computing
Authors: Van der Sande Guy , Brunner Daniel , Soriano Miguel C.
Published: May 2017

We review a novel paradigm that has emerged in analogue neuromorphic optical computing. The goal is to implement a reservoir computer in optics, where information is encoded in the intensity and phase of the optical field. Reservoir computing is a bio-inspired approach especially suited for processing time-dependent information. The reservoir’s complex and high-dimensional transient response to the input signal is capable of universal computation. The reservoir does not need to be trained, which makes it very well suited for optics. As such, much of the promise of photonic reservoirs lies in their minimal hardware requirements, a tremendous advantage over other hardware-intensive neural network models. We review the two main approaches to optical reservoir computing: networks implemented with multiple discrete optical nodes and the continuous system of a single nonlinear device coupled to delayed feedback.
Focused design of polypharmacophoric neuroprotective compounds: Conjugates of γ-carbolines with carbazole derivatives and tetrahydrocarbazole
Authors: Makhaeva Galina F. , Sokolov Vladimir B. , Shevtsova Elena F. , Kovaleva Nadezhda V. , Lushchekina Sofya V. , Boltneva Natalia P. , Rudakova Elena V. , Aksinenko Alexey Yu. , Shevtsov Pavel N. , Neganova Margarita E. , Dubova Ludmila G. , Bachurin Sergey O.
Published: May 2017

Alzheimer’s disease has a complex multifactorial nature; therefore, a promising approach for the development of efficient therapeutic agents is the concept of multitarget drugs, which affect several biological targets involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. We developed a synthetic algorithm for conjugating several pharmacophoric ligands acting on the key stages of pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases and synthesized hybrid structures combining the γ-carboline fragment of Dimebon with carbazole and tetrahydrocarbazole moieties. Using the complex primary screening system the structures have been revealed that combine the high inhibitory activity and selectivity towards butyrylcholinesterase with the radical-scavenging activity and the ability to potentiate tubulin polymerization to microtubules with a normal structure and/or prevent mitochondrial permeability transition. The lead compound was identified for future optimization and development of new multi-target drugs against neurodegenerative diseases combining the cognitive-stimulating and neuroprotective potentials.
New exact solutions for the Wick-type stochastic Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation for modelling waves on shallow water surfaces
Authors: Saha Ray S. , Singh S.
Published: May 2017

In this article, an exact solution of the Wick-type stochastic Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation has been obtained by using the Kudryashov method. We have used the Hermite transform for transforming the Wick-type stochastic Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation into a deterministic partial differential equation. Also we have applied the inverse Hermite transform for obtaining a set of stochastic solution in the white noise space.
Research review of diversified reinforcement on aluminum metal matrix composites: fabrication processes and mechanical characterization
Authors: Mistry Jitendra M. , Gohil Piyush P.
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a research review on fabrication processes and mechanical characterization of aluminum matrix composites (AMCs), which have found application in structural, electrical, thermal, tribological, and environmental fields. A comprehensive literature review is carried out on various types of fabrication processes, the effects of individual reinforcement and multiple reinforcements, its percentage, size, temperature, processing time, wettability, and heat treatment on the mechanical characterization of AMCs including different product applications. Various models and techniques proposed to express the mechanical characteristics of AMCs are stated here. The concluding remarks addresses the future work needed on AMCs.
Structures of the adducts urea:pyrazine (1:1), thiourea:pyrazine (2:1) and thiourea:piperazine (2:1)
Authors: Döring Cindy , Lueck Julian F.D. , Jones Peter G.
Published: May 2017

The adducts urea:pyrazine (1:1) (1), thiourea:pyrazine (2:1) (2), and thiourea:piperazine (2:1) (3) were prepared and their structures determined. Adduct 1 forms a layer structure, in which urea chains of graph set C(4)[

R
2
1

${\rm{R}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{1}}$

(6)] run parallel to the b axis and are crosslinked by N–H···N hydrogen bonding to the pyrazine residues. Adduct 2 is a variant of the well-known

R
2
2

${\rm{R}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{2}}$

(8) ribbon substructure for urea/thiourea adducts, with the pyrazine molecules attached to the remaining thiourea NH groups via bifurcated hydrogen bonds (N–H···)2S; the more distant end of the pyrazine molecules is crosslinked to another symmetry-equivalent but perpendicular ribbon system, thus creating a three-dimensional packing. The packing of adduct 3 involves thiourea layers parallel to the ab plane; the piperazine molecules occupy the regions between these layers and are linked to the thiourea molecules by two hydrogen bonds (one as donor, one as acceptor) at each piperazine nitrogen atom.
Sports Injury Prevention: The Role of the Strength and Conditioning Coach
Authors: Talpey Scott W. , Siesmaa Emma J.
Published: May 2017

PREVENTION OF SPORTS INJURIES IS A PRIORITY FOR SPORT STAKEHOLDERS ACROSS THE SPECTRUM OF TRAINING AND COMPETITION. ACHIEVING THIS OBJECTIVE REQUIRES A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH WITH STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES PLAYING AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PROCESS. WHEN CONSIDERING SPORTS INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGIES, THE ROLE OF THE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACH CAN EXTEND BEYOND OBSERVING EXERCISE TECHNIQUE AND PRESCRIBING TRAINING TO DEVELOP A ROBUST AND RESILIENT ATHLETE. THIS PAPER PROVIDES STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES WITH A BROAD OVERVIEW OF THE SPORTS INJURY PREVENTION PROCESS AND OUTLINES EXAMPLES OF HOW STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES CAN WORK TO PROMOTE AND IMPROVE ATHLETE SAFETY.
Public Learning Derived From Institutional Learning: The Case Study Of The Kelabit Highlands Community Museum Development
Authors: Kelly Meghan
Published: May 2017

In this article the author shows how institutional learning can become a site of public pedagogy when conducted on location. This article refers to the 2015 study abroad program for the Kelabit Highlands Community Museum project, located in the Highlands of Borneo, to highlight numerous examples of informal learning for academic, student and community participants based on the five categories of public pedagogy as identified by Sandlin, O’Malley and Burdick (2011). Of particular importance, however, is the public pedagogy that occurred once the study abroad program was complete. Students and academics, invited to assist in the development of the community museum, facilitated the community’s own agency in learning as the community learnt from the engagement and adapted this learning to suit their unique cultural requirements. In doing so, this article reveals that not only do study abroad programs enforce the strong intersection of public pedagogy and collective agency, they demonstrate how informal learning can be derived from formal learning.
Public Pedagogy at The Geelong Powerhouse: Intercultural Understandings Through Street Art within the Contact Zone
Authors: MacGill Belinda
Published: May 2017

This paper wrestles with the possibilities of a new representational field emerging through streetart in Australia. It highlights the intersections between public space, curated space, street art andrepresentations of Indigenous culture in order to contribute to conversations concerning publicpedagogy. The Geelong Powerhouse site is used to examine how the public engages with Indigenouspolitical narratives in contact zones. This is juxtaposed with museums and text mediatedsites in order to examine the possibility of an emerging visual and digital literacy in Australia. Considerationsof how context shapes meanings for audiences are explored with the aim of movingbeyond the tensions that set limits on dialogic intercultural understandings of intersectionality.
Cash or Credit? Compensation in Psychology Studies: Motivation Matters
Authors: Bowen Holly J. , Kensinger Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2017

It is common practice for psychology researchers to recruit their sample of participants from the undergraduate student population. Participants are typically compensated with partial course credit or a monetary payment. The current study reveals that the motivation to participate in a study (cash versus course credit) can relate to performance on a behavioral task of rewarded memory. In Experiment 1, undergraduate participants were recruited and compensated for their time with either partial course credit or cash. Potential performance-based cash rewards were earned during a rewarded memory task, where correct recognition of half the stimuli was worth a high reward and the other half a low reward. Memory for high reward items was better than low reward items, but only for the cash group. The credit group did not modulate their performance based on the value of the stimuli. In Experiment 2, undergraduates were compensated with partial course credit for their time and given the opportunity to earn a bonus credit for performance on a memory test. The findings were in line with the results from the credit group of Experiment 1, suggesting that the modulation of performance in the cash group of Experiment 1 cannot be accounted for by congruency between motivation to participate and reward for task performance. Of methodological importance, the findings indicate that recruiting and compensating participants with cash versus course credit may influence the results on a rewarded memory task. This factor should be taken into consideration in studies of reward motivation.
High-throughput mRNA sequencing of stromal cells from endometriomas and endometrium
Authors: Rekker Kadri , Saare Merli , Eriste Elo , Tasa Tõnis , Kukuškina Viktorija , Roost Anne Mari , Anderson Kristi , Samuel Külli , Karro Helle , Salumets Andres , Peters Maire
Published: May 2017

The aetiology of endometriosis is still unclear and to find mechanisms behind the disease development, it is important to study each cell type from endometrium and ectopic lesions independently. The objective of this study was to uncover complete mRNA profiles in uncultured stromal cells from paired samples of endometriomas and eutopic endometrium. High-throughput mRNA sequencing revealed over 1300 dysregulated genes in stromal cells from ectopic lesions, including several novel genes in the context of endometriosis. Functional annotation analysis of differentially expressed genes highlighted pathways related to cell adhesion, extracellular matrix–receptor interaction and complement and coagulation cascade. Most importantly, we found a simultaneous upregulation of complement system components and inhibitors, indicating major imbalances in complement regulation in ectopic stromal cells. We also performed in vitro experiments to evaluate the effect of endometriosis patients’ peritoneal fluid (PF) on complement system gene expression levels, but no significant impact of PF on C3, CD55 and CFH levels was observed. In conclusion, the use of isolated stromal cells enables to determine gene expression levels without the background interference of other cell types. In the future, a new standard design studying all cell types from endometriotic lesions separately should be applied to reveal novel mechanisms behind endometriosis pathogenesis.
Different macrophages equally induce EMT in endometria of adenomyosis and normal
Authors: An Min , Li Dong , Yuan Ming , Li Qiuju , Zhang Lu , Wang Guoyun
Published: May 2017

Endometrial cells and microenvironment are two important factors in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. Our previous study demonstrated that macrophages can induce eutopic epithelial cells of adenomyosis to suffer from epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aim of this study is to detect whether macrophages interacting with epithelial cells equally induce the EMT process in normal and eutopic endometria of healthy and adenomyotic patients; and whether macrophages parallelly polarize to M2. We investigated the expression levels of epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), neural cadherin (N-cadherin), cytokeratin7 (CK7), vimentin, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1), SMAD3 and pSMAD3 using immunohistochemistry and western blot, and then estimated the genetic levels of CD163, IL10 and MMP12 using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in macrophages. Eutopic and normal endometrial tissues were obtained from 20 patients with adenomyosis and 11 control patients without adenomyosis, respectively. The immunohistochemical analysis shows distinct EMT in eutopic endometria in secretory phase; the expression levels of TGFB1, SMAD3 and pSMAD3 that indicate signal pathway of EMT were also higher in secretory phase. Macrophages can induce EMT process in primary endometrial epithelial cells derived from normal and eutopic endometria. After co-culturing, THP-1-derived macrophages polarized to M2. Compared with the eutopic endometrium group, further polarization to M2 was observed in the normal endometrium group. These results indicate that adenomyosis may be promoted by the pathologic EMT of epithelial cells, which is induced by macrophages that incapably polarize to M2.
Resolving the Complex Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Variation and Variability of Cellular Growth
Authors: Ziv Naomi , Shuster Bentley M , Siegal Mark L , Gresham David
Published: May 2017

In all organisms, the majority of traits vary continuously between individuals. Explaining the genetic basis of quantitative trait variation requires comprehensively accounting for genetic and nongenetic factors as well as their interactions. The growth of microbial cells can be characterized by a lag duration, an exponential growth phase, and a stationary phase. Parameters that characterize these growth phases can vary among genotypes (phenotypic variation), environmental conditions (phenotypic plasticity), and among isogenic cells in a given environment (phenotypic variability). We used a high-throughput microscopy assay to map genetic loci determining variation in lag duration and exponential growth rate in growth rate-limiting and nonlimiting glucose concentrations, using segregants from a cross of two natural isolates of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that some quantitative trait loci (QTL) are common between traits and environments whereas some are unique, exhibiting gene-by-environment interactions. Furthermore, whereas variation in the central tendency of growth rate or lag duration is explained by many additive loci, differences in phenotypic variability are primarily the result of genetic interactions. We used bulk segregant mapping to increase QTL resolution by performing whole-genome sequencing of complex mixtures of an advanced intercross mapping population grown in selective conditions using glucose-limited chemostats. We find that sequence variation in the high-affinity glucose transporter HXT7 contributes to variation in growth rate and lag duration. Allele replacements of the entire locus, as well as of a single polymorphic amino acid, reveal that the effect of variation in HXT7 depends on genetic, and allelic, background. Amplifications of HXT7 are frequently selected in experimental evolution in glucose-limited environments, but we find that HXT7 amplifications result in antagonistic pleiotropy that is absent in naturally occurring variants of HXT7. Our study highlights the complex nature of the genotype-to-phenotype map within and between environments.
Potential Nematode Alarm Pheromone Induces Acute Avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Zhou Ying , Loeza-Cabrera Mario , Liu Zheng , Aleman-Meza Boanerges , Nguyen Julie K , Jung Sang-Kyu , Choi Yuna , Shou Qingyao , Butcher Rebecca A , Zhong Weiwei
Published: May 2017

It is crucial for animal survival to detect dangers such as predators. A good indicator of dangers is injury of conspecifics. Here we show that fluids released from injured conspecifics invoke acute avoidance in both free-living and parasitic nematodes. Caenorhabditis elegans avoids extracts from closely related nematode species but not fruit fly larvae. The worm extracts have no impact on animal lifespan, suggesting that the worm extract may function as an alarm instead of inflicting physical harm. Avoidance of the worm extract requires the function of a cGMP signaling pathway that includes the cGMP-gated channel TAX-2/TAX-4 in the amphid sensory neurons ASI and ASK. Genetic evidence indicates that the avoidance behavior is modulated by the neurotransmitters GABA and serotonin, two common targets of anxiolytic drugs. Together, these data support a model that nematodes use a nematode-specific alarm pheromone to detect conspecific injury.