bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK
Authors: Young K. S. , Purves K. L. , Hübel C. , Davies M. R. , Thompson K. N. , Bristow S. , Krebs G. , Danese A. , Hirsch C. , Parsons C. E. , Vassos E. , Adey B. N. , Bright S. , Hegemann L. , Lee Y. T. , Kalsi G. , Monssen D. , Mundy J. , Peel A. J. , Rayner C. , Rogers H. C. , ter Kuile A. , Ward C. , York K. , Lin Y. , Palmos A. B. , Schmidt U. , Veale D. , Nicholson T. R. , Pollak T. A. , Stevelink S. A. M. , Moukhtarian T. , Martineau A. R. , Holt H. , Maughan B. , Al-Chalabi A. , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Richardson M. P. , Bradley J. R. , Chinnery P. F. , Kingston N. , Papadia S. , Stirrups K. E. , Linger R. , Hotopf M. , Eley T. C. , Breen G.
Published: July 2022

Background

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental health is still being unravelled. It is important to identify which individuals are at greatest risk of worsening symptoms. This study aimed to examine changes in depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms using prospective and retrospective symptom change assessments, and to find and examine the effect of key risk factors.

Method

Online questionnaires were administered to 34 465 individuals (aged 16 years or above) in April/May 2020 in the UK, recruited from existing cohorts or via social media. Around one-third (n = 12 718) of included participants had prior diagnoses of depression or anxiety and had completed pre-pandemic mental health assessments (between September 2018 and February 2020), allowing prospective investigation of symptom change.

Results

Prospective symptom analyses showed small decreases in depression (PHQ-9: −0.43 points) and anxiety [generalised anxiety disorder scale – 7 items (GAD)-7: −0.33 points] and increases in PTSD (PCL-6: 0.22 points). Conversely, retrospective symptom analyses demonstrated significant large increases (PHQ-9: 2.40; GAD-7 = 1.97), with 55% reported worsening mental health since the beginning of the pandemic on a global change rating. Across both prospective and retrospective measures of symptom change, worsening depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms were associated with prior mental health diagnoses, female gender, young age and unemployed/student status.

Conclusions

We highlight the effect of prior mental health diagnoses on worsening mental health during the pandemic and confirm previously reported sociodemographic risk factors. Discrepancies between prospective and retrospective measures of changes in mental health may be related to recall bias-related underestimation of prior symptom severity.
EHDC: enhanced dilated convolution framework for underwater blurred target recognition
Authors: Cai Lei , Qin Xiaochen , Xu Tao
Published: July 2022

The autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) has a problem with feature loss when recognizing small targets underwater. At present, algorithms usually use multi-scale feature extraction to solve the problem, but this method increases the computational effort of the algorithm. In addition, low underwater light and turbid water result in incomplete information on target features. This paper proposes an enhanced dilated convolution framework (EHDC) for underwater blurred target recognition. Firstly, this paper extracts small target features through hybrid dilated convolution networks, increasing the perceptive field of the algorithm without increasing the computational power of the algorithm. Secondly, the proposed algorithm learns spatial semantic features through an adaptive correlation matrix and compensates for the missing features of the target. Finally, this paper fuses spatial semantic features and visual features for the recognition of small underwater blurred targets. Experiments show that the proposed method improves the recognition accuracy by 1.04% compared to existing methods when recognizing small underwater blurred targets.
Artificial grass in parks as a potential new threat for urban bird communities
Authors: Sánchez-Sotomayor David , Martín-Higuera Antonio , Gil-Delgado José A , Gálvez Ángel , Bernat-Ponce Edgar
Published: July 2022

Green areas are key habitats for urban avifauna. Urban parks stand out from other anthropic habitats especially in providing trophic resources for many bird species. Consequently, modifications of these green zones can imply major changes in urban biodiversity. Potential pernicious urban remodelling is taking place in parks of eastern Spain because natural grass is being replaced with artificial grass to save water and to avoid management. This study aimed to determine whether remodelled parks with artificial grass harbour lower avian diversity (alpha, beta and gamma diversity) than traditional parks with natural grass. We surveyed 21 parks with artificial grass and 24 parks with natural grass in 18 towns of the Valencia Region in autumn 2020. In each park, we carried out 5-minute and 25-m radius point counts for determining bird species and their abundance. The effects of park area and grass type on alpha diversity (species richness, Shannon diversity index, Pielou’s Evenness and total abundance) were tested by means of GLMs. Differences in beta diversity and its components (nestedness and turnover) were also analyzed with the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index. Gamma diversity was assessed by means of species accumulation curves. Finally, differences in community composition were tested by PERMANOVA and SIMPER tests. The parks with natural grass always harboured higher gamma diversity, species richness and abundance. Turnover was higher in parks with natural grass, whereas nestedness was higher in artificial grass parks. Differences in community composition were due mainly to abundance differences in common ground-feeding birds. We highlight that the trend of replacing natural by artificial grass in urban parks has harmful effects on urban bird communities and is a threat to bird conservation. Although artificial grass might save water, the effects on urban biodiversity should be carefully evaluated.
Can We Decolonize the Ancient Past? Bridging Postcolonial and Decolonial Theory in Sudanese and Nubian Archaeology
Authors: Lemos Rennan
Published: July 2022

Archaeology in Sudan and Nubia has been greatly impacted by modern colonialism in northeast Africa. In theory and practice, the discipline's history in the region includes interpretations of past realities that worked as intellectual bases for colonization. From a postcolonial standpoint, Sudan and Nubia offer us an opportunity to investigate complexity in the past beyond oversimplifying colonial narratives entangled with the practice of modern archaeology in the region. However, more complex, postcolonial interpretations of the ancient past have played only a small part in ‘decolonizing’ initiatives aiming to reframe archaeological practice and heritage in Sudan and Nubia today. In this paper, I discuss the different trajectories of postcolonial and decolonial theory in archaeology, focusing on Sudan and Nubia (roughly the region south of Egypt from Aswan and north of Sudan up to Khartoum). I will argue that bridging postcolonial and decolonial theory through what I will refer to as ‘narratives of reparation’ can offer us ways to address both conceptual problems underlying theory and practice and avenues for an all-encompassing decolonization of the field.
THE LAW'S AVERSION TO NAKED STATISTICS AND OTHER MISTAKES
Authors: Allen Ronald J. , Smiciklas Christopher K.
Published: July 2022

A vast literature has developed probing the law's aversion to statistical/probability evidence in general and its rejection of naked statistical evidence in particular. This literature rests on false premises. At least so far as US law is concerned, there is no general aversion to statistical forms of proof and even naked statistics are admissible and sufficient for a verdict when the evidentiary proffer meets the normal standards of admissibility, the most important of which is reliability. The belief to the contrary rests upon a series of mistakes: most importantly, mismodeling of the structure of legal systems and the nature of common law decision making. Contributing to these mistakes is the common methodology in this literature of relying on weird hypotheticals that mismodel the underlying legal relations and contain impossible epistemological demands. Collectively, these phenomena have distracted attention from issues that actually affect real legal systems.
MV-Datalog+-: Effective Rule-based Reasoning with Uncertain Observations
Authors: LANZINGER MATTHIAS , SFERRAZZA STEFANO , GOTTLOB GEORG
Published: July 2022

Modern applications combine information from a great variety of sources. Oftentimes, some of these sources, like machine-learning systems, are not strictly binary but associated with some degree of (lack of) confidence in the observation. We propose MV-Datalog and
$\mathrm{MV-Datalog}^\pm$
as extensions of Datalog and
$\mathrm{Datalog}^\pm$
, respectively, to the fuzzy semantics of infinite-valued Łukasiewicz logic
$\mathbf{L}$
as languages for effectively reasoning in scenarios where such uncertain observations occur. We show that the semantics of MV-Datalog exhibits similar model theoretic properties as Datalog. In particular, we show that (fuzzy) entailment can be decided via minimal fuzzy models. We show that when they exist, such minimal fuzzy models are unique and can be characterised in terms of a linear optimisation problem over the output of a fixed-point procedure. On the basis of this characterisation, we propose similar many-valued semantics for rules with existential quantification in the head, extending
$\mathrm{Datalog}^\pm$
.
Association between platelet distribution width and peripheral	arterial disease in elderly patients
Authors: Ke Jiaxing , Lu Nan , Liu Yucheng , Chen Haifeng
Published: July 2022

Summary: Background: The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) increases with age. Platelet activation has been linked to PAD. Platelet distribution width (PDW) is a measure of platelet function. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between PAD and PDW in elderly patients. Patients and methods: A total of 416 elderly patients in Fujian Provincial Hospital between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2019 were enrolled. PAD was diagnosed when the ankle-brachial index (ABI) was below 0.9. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between PDW and PAD. ROC curves and AUC were used to assess the diagnostic value. Results: Compared to patients without PAD, PDW was higher in patients with PAD (PAD vs. subjects without PAD, 13.19±2.24% vs. 11.52±1.39%, p<0.001). PDW was associated with an increased OR of PAD (OR: 1.667, 95% CI: 1.462–1.901, p<0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the OR changed to 1.821 (95% CI: 1.535–2.114, p<0.001). This association appeared to be more prominent in females than males (females vs. males, OR: 2.294, 95% CI: 1.556–3.381 vs. OR: 1.695, 95% CI: 1.404–2.047, p<0.001). The AUC area was 0.760 (95% CI: 0.682–0.837) for females and 0.689 (95% CI: 0.627–0.752) for males. Both cut-off values had high specificity (females vs. males, 95% vs. 100%). Conclusions: PDW was higher in elderly patients with PAD than in subjects without PAD, and the association between PDW and PAD persisted after adjusting for confounding factors.
Tero Mustonen: Disrupting the Status Quo
Authors: Palmer Jane
Published: July 2022

Advocating for the importance of Traditional Knowledges in Finland and beyond.
Exercise-induced FNDC5/irisin protects nucleus pulposus cells against senescence and apoptosis by activating autophagy
Authors: Zhou Wenxian , Shi Yifeng , Wang Hui , Chen Linjie , Yu Caiyu , Zhang Xufei , Yang Lei , Zhang Xiaolei , Wu Aimin
Published: July 2022

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major cause of low back pain (LBP), and excessive senescence and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells are major pathological changes in IVDD. Physical exercise could effectively delay the process of intervertebral disc degeneration; however, its mechanism is still largely unknown. Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine released upon cleavage of the membrane-bound precursor protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), and its levels increase after physical exercise. Here, we show that after physical exercise, FNDC5/irisin levels increase in the circulation and NP, senescence and apoptosis are reduced, autophagy is activated in NP tissue, and the progression of IVDD is delayed. Conversely, after knocking out FNDC5, the benefits of physical exercise are compromised. Moreover, the overexpression of FNDC5 in NP tissue effectively alleviated the degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) in rats. By showing that FNDC5/irisin is an important mediator of the beneficial effects of physical exercise in the IVDD model, the study proposes FNDC5/irisin as a novel agent capable of activating autophagy and protecting NP from senescence and apoptosis.
Dynamic changes in O-GlcNAcylation regulate osteoclast differentiation and bone loss via nucleoporin 153
Authors: Li Yi-Nan , Chen Chih-Wei , Trinh-Minh Thuong , Zhu Honglin , Matei Alexandru-Emil , Györfi Andrea-Hermina , Kuwert Frederic , Hubel Philipp , Ding Xiao , Manh Cuong Tran , Xu Xiaohan , Liebel Christoph , Fedorchenko Vladyslav , Liang Ruifang , Huang Kaiyue , Pfannstiel Jens , Huang Min-Chuan , Lin Neng-Yu , Ramming Andreas , Schett Georg , Distler Jörg H. W.
Published: July 2022

Bone mass is maintained by the balance between osteoclast-induced bone resorption and osteoblast-triggered bone formation. In inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however, increased osteoclast differentiation and activity skew this balance resulting in progressive bone loss. O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification with attachment of a single O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) residue to serine or threonine residues of target proteins. Although O-GlcNAcylation is one of the most common protein modifications, its role in bone homeostasis has not been systematically investigated. We demonstrate that dynamic changes in O-GlcNAcylation are required for osteoclastogenesis. Increased O-GlcNAcylation promotes osteoclast differentiation during the early stages, whereas its downregulation is required for osteoclast maturation. At the molecular level, O-GlcNAcylation affects several pathways including oxidative phosphorylation and cell-cell fusion. TNFα fosters the dynamic regulation of O-GlcNAcylation to promote osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory arthritis. Targeted pharmaceutical or genetic inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) or O-GlcNAcase (OGA) arrests osteoclast differentiation during early stages of differentiation and during later maturation, respectively, and ameliorates bone loss in experimental arthritis. Knockdown of NUP153, an O-GlcNAcylation target, has similar effects as OGT inhibition and inhibits osteoclastogenesis. These findings highlight an important role of O-GlcNAcylation in osteoclastogenesis and may offer the potential to therapeutically interfere with pathologic bone resorption.
The crosstalk between endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells aggravates high phosphorus-induced arterial calcification
Authors: Lin Xiao , Shan Su-Kang , Xu Feng , Zhong Jia-Yu , Wu Feng , Duan Jia-Yue , Guo Bei , Li Fu-Xing-Zi , Wang Yi , Zheng Ming-Hui , Xu Qiu-Shuang , Lei Li-Min , Ou-Yang Wen-Lu , Wu Yun-Yun , Tang Ke-Xin , Ullah Muhammad Hasnain Ehsan , Liao Xiao-Bo , Yuan Ling-Qing
Published: July 2022

Arterial calcification is highly prevalent, particularly in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is the critical process for the development of arterial calcification. However, the detailed mechanism of VSMCs calcification remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of exosomes (Exos) derived from endothelial cells (ECs) in arterial calcification and its potential mechanisms in ESRD. Accelerated VSMCs calcification was observed when VSMCs were exposed to ECs culture media stimulated by uremic serum or high concentration of inorganic phosphate (3.5 mM Pi). and the pro-calcification effect of the ECs culture media was attenuated by exosome depletion. Exosomes derived from high concentrations of inorganic phosphate-induced ECs (ECsHPi-Exos) could be uptaken by VSMCs and promoted VSMCs calcification. Microarray analysis showed that miR-670-3p was dramatically increased in ECsHPi-Exos compared with exosomes derived from normal concentrations of inorganic phosphate (0.9 mM Pi) induced ECs (ECsNPi-Exos). Mechanistically, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was identified as the downstream target of miR-670-3p in regulating VSMCs calcification. Notably, ECs-specific knock-in of miR-670-3p of the 5/6 nephrectomy with a high-phosphate diet (miR-670-3pEC-KI + NTP) mice that upregulated the level of miR-670-3p in artery tissues and significantly increased artery calcification. Finally, we validated that the level of circulation of plasma exosomal miR-670-3p was much higher in patients with ESRD compared with healthy controls. Elevated levels of plasma exosomal miR-670-3p were associated with a decline in IGF-1 and more severe artery calcification in patients with ESRD. Collectively, these findings suggested that ECs-derived exosomal miR-670-3p could promote arterial calcification by targeting IGF-1, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for arterial calcification in ESRD patients.
Targeting ferroptosis as a vulnerability in pulmonary diseases
Authors: Yang Li , Cao Li-mian , Zhang Xiao-ju , Chu Bo
Published: July 2022

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated cell death marked by excessive oxidative phospholipids (PLs). The polyunsaturated fatty acids-containing phospholipids (PUFA-PLs) are highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation under oxidative stress. Numerous pulmonary diseases occurrences and degenerative pathologies are driven by ferroptosis. This review discusses the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases including asthma, lung injury, lung cancer, fibrotic lung diseases, and pulmonary infection. Additionally, it is proposed that targeting ferroptosis is a potential treatment for pulmonary diseases, particularly drug-resistant lung cancer or antibiotic-resistant pulmonary infection, and reduces treatment-related adverse events.
Baseline imbalance and heterogeneity are present in meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials examining the effects of exercise and medicines for blood pressure management
Authors: Wewege Michael A. , Hansford Harrison J. , Shah Brishna , Gilanyi Yannick L. , Douglas Susan R. G. , Parmenter Belinda J. , McAuley James H. , Jones Matthew D.
Published: July 2022

Randomized clinical trials attempt to reduce bias and create similar groups at baseline to infer causal effects. In meta-analyses, baseline imbalance may threaten the validity of the treatment effects. This meta-epidemiological study examined baseline imbalance in comparisons of exercise and antihypertensive medicines. Baseline data for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and age were extracted from a network meta-analysis of 391 randomized trials comparing exercise types and antihypertensive medicines. Fixed-effect meta-analyses were used to determine the presence of baseline imbalance and/or inconsistency. Meta-regression analyses were conducted on sample size, the risk of bias for allocation concealment, and whether data for all randomized participants were presented at baseline. In one exercise comparison, the resistance group was 0.3 years younger than the control group (95% confidence interval 0.6 to 0.1). Substantial inconsistency was observed in other exercise comparisons. Less data were available for medicines, but there were no occurrences of baseline imbalance and only a few instances of inconsistency. Several moderator analyses identified significant associations. We identified baseline imbalance as well as substantial inconsistency in exercise comparisons. Researchers should consider conducting meta-analyses of key prognostic variables at baseline to ensure balance across trials.
An automated 13.5 hour system for scalable diagnosis and acute management guidance for genetic diseases
Authors: Owen Mallory J. , Lefebvre Sebastien , Hansen Christian , Kunard Chris M. , Dimmock David P. , Smith Laurie D. , Scharer Gunter , Mardach Rebecca , Willis Mary J. , Feigenbaum Annette , Niemi Anna-Kaisa , Ding Yan , Van Der Kraan Luca , Ellsworth Katarzyna , Guidugli Lucia , Lajoie Bryan R. , McPhail Timothy K. , Mehtalia Shyamal S. , Chau Kevin K. , Kwon Yong H. , Zhu Zhanyang , Batalov Sergey , Chowdhury Shimul , Rego Seema , Perry James , Speziale Mark , Nespeca Mark , Wright Meredith S. , Reese Martin G. , De La Vega Francisco M. , Azure Joe , Frise Erwin , Rigby Charlene Son , White Sandy , Hobbs Charlotte A. , Gilmer Sheldon , Knight Gail , Oriol Albert , Lenberg Jerica , Nahas Shareef A. , Perofsky Kate , Kim Kyu , Carroll Jeanne , Coufal Nicole G. , Sanford Erica , Wigby Kristen , Weir Jacqueline , Thomson Vicki S. , Fraser Louise , Lazare Seka S. , Shin Yoon H. , Grunenwald Haiying , Lee Richard , Jones David , Tran Duke , Gross Andrew , Daigle Patrick , Case Anne , Lue Marisa , Richardson James A. , Reynders John , Defay Thomas , Hall Kevin P. , Veeraraghavan Narayanan , Kingsmore Stephen F.
Published: July 2022

While many genetic diseases have effective treatments, they frequently progress rapidly to severe morbidity or mortality if those treatments are not implemented immediately. Since front-line physicians frequently lack familiarity with these diseases, timely molecular diagnosis may not improve outcomes. Herein we describe Genome-to-Treatment, an automated, virtual system for genetic disease diagnosis and acute management guidance. Diagnosis is achieved in 13.5 h by expedited whole genome sequencing, with superior analytic performance for structural and copy number variants. An expert panel adjudicated the indications, contraindications, efficacy, and evidence-of-efficacy of 9911 drug, device, dietary, and surgical interventions for 563 severe, childhood, genetic diseases. The 421 (75%) diseases and 1527 (15%) effective interventions retained are integrated with 13 genetic disease information resources and appended to diagnostic reports (https://gtrx.radygenomiclab.com). This system provided correct diagnoses in four retrospectively and two prospectively tested infants. The Genome-to-Treatment system facilitates optimal outcomes in children with rapidly progressive genetic diseases.
Shared mechanisms across the major psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Wingo Thomas S. , Liu Yue , Gerasimov Ekaterina S. , Vattathil Selina M. , Wynne Meghan E. , Liu Jiaqi , Lori Adriana , Faundez Victor , Bennett David A. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Levey Allan I. , Wingo Aliza P.
Published: July 2022

Several common psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases share epidemiologic risk; however, whether they share pathophysiology is unclear and is the focus of our investigation. Using 25 GWAS results and LD score regression, we find eight significant genetic correlations between psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. We integrate the GWAS results with human brain transcriptomes (n = 888) and proteomes (n = 722) to identify cis- and trans- transcripts and proteins that are consistent with a pleiotropic or causal role in each disease, referred to as causal proteins for brevity. Within each disease group, we find many distinct and shared causal proteins. Remarkably, 30% (13 of 42) of the neurodegenerative disease causal proteins are shared with psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, we find 2.6-fold more protein-protein interactions among the psychiatric and neurodegenerative causal proteins than expected by chance. Together, our findings suggest these psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases have shared genetic and molecular pathophysiology, which has important ramifications for early treatment and therapeutic development.
Processed pseudogene insertion in GLB1 causes Morquio B disease by altering intronic splicing regulatory landscape
Authors: Bychkov Igor , Kuznetsova Antonina , Baydakova Galina , Gorobets Leonid , Kenis Vladimir , Dimitrieva Alena , Filatova Alexandra , Tabakov Vyacheslav , Skoblov Mikhail , Zakharova Ekaterina
Published: July 2022

Morquio B disease (MBD) is an ultra-rare lysosomal storage disease, which represents the relatively mild form ofGLB1-associated disorders. In this article, we present the unique case of “pure” MBD associated with an insertion of the mobile genetic element from the class of retrotransposons. Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), we identified an integration of the processed pseudogeneNPM1deep in the intron 5 ofGLB1. The patient’s mRNA analysis and the detailed functional analysis revealed the underlying molecular genetic mechanism of pathogenesis, which is an alteration of theGLB1normal splicing. By co-expression of minigenes and antisense splice-modulating oligonucleotides (ASMOs), we demonstrated that pseudogene-derived splicing regulatory motifs contributed to an activation of the cryptic exon located 36 bp upstream of the integration site. Blocking the cryptic exon with ASMOs incorporated in the modified U7 small nuclear RNA (modU7snRNA) almost completely restored the wild-type splicing in the model cell line, that could be further extended toward the personalized genetic therapy. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of the processed pseudogene insertion for monogenic disorders. Our data emphasizes the unique role of WGS in identification of such rare and probably underrepresented in literature types of disease-associated genetic variants.
A multimodal approach to revisiting oxidation defects in Cr2O3
Authors: Auguste R. , Chan H. L. , Romanovskaia E. , Qiu J. , Schoell R. , Liedke M. O. , Butterling M. , Hirschmann E. , Attallah A. G. , Wagner A. , Selim F. A. , Kaoumi D. , Uberuaga B. P. , Hosemann P. , Scully J. R.
Published: July 2022

The oxidation of chromium in air at 700 °C was investigated with a focus on point defect behavior and transport during oxide layer growth. A comprehensive set of characterization techniques targeted characteristics of chromium oxide microstructure and chemical composition analysis. TEM showed that the oxide was thicker with longer oxidation times and that, for the thicker oxides, voids formed at the metal/oxide interface. PAS revealed that the longer the oxidation time, there was an overall reduction in vacancy-type defects, though chromium monovacancies were not found in either case. EIS found that the longer oxidized material was more electrochemically stable and that, while all oxides displayed p-type character, the thicker oxide had an overall lower charge carrier density. Together, the results suggest anion oxygen interstitials and chromium vacancy cluster complexes drive transport in an oxidizing environment at this temperature, providing invaluable insight into the mechanisms that regulate corrosion.
Knowing the intention behind limb movements of a partner increases embodiment towards the limb of joint avatar
Authors: Hapuarachchi Harin , Kitazaki Michiteru
Published: July 2022

We explored a concept called “virtual co-embodiment”, which enables users to share their virtual avatars with others. Co-embodiment of avatars and robots can be applied for collaboratively performing complicated tasks, skill training, rehabilitation, and aiding disabled users. We conducted an experiment where two users could co-embody one “joint avatar” in first person view and control different arms to collaboratively perform three types of reaching tasks. We measured their senses of agency and ownership towards the two arms of the avatar and changes in skin conductance levels in response to visual stimuli threatening the two virtual arms. We found that sense of agency, ownership, and skin conductance were significantly higher towards the virtual arm with control compared to the arm controlled by the partner. Furthermore, the senses of agency and ownership towards the arm controlled by the partner were significantly higher when the participant dyads shared a common intention or when they were allowed to see their partner’s target, compared to when the partner’s target was invisible. These results show that while embodiment towards partner-controlled limbs is lower compared to limbs with control, visual information necessary for predicting the partner’s intentions can significantly enhance embodiment towards partner-controlled limbs during virtual co-embodiment.
Neuromonitoring depth of anesthesia and its association with postoperative delirium
Authors: Pérez-Otal Berta , Aragón-Benedí Cristian , Pascual-Bellosta Ana , Ortega-Lucea Sonia , Martínez-Ubieto Javier , Ramírez-Rodríguez J. M. ,   Research Group in Anaesthesia, Resuscitation, and Perioperative Medicine of Institute for Health Research Aragón (ISS Aragón), Pérez-Otal Berta , Aragón-Benedí Cristian , Pascual-Bellosta Ana , Ortega-Lucea Sonia , Martínez-Ubieto Javier , Quesada-Gimeno Natividad , Muñoz-Rodríguez Luis Alfonso , Jiménez-Bernadó Teresa , Pérez-Navarro Guillermo , Lucas-Luesma Alejandro , Carbó-Espinosa Fernando , Hormigón-Ausejo Mariana , Ojeda-Cabrera Jorge Luis
Published: July 2022

Delirium after surgery or Postoperative delirium (POD) is an underdiagnosed entity, despite its severity and high incidence. Patients with delirium require a longer hospital stay and present more postoperative complications, which also increases hospital costs. Given its importance and the lack of specific treatment, multifactorial preventive strategies are evidenced based. Our hypothesis is that using general anaesthesia and avoiding the maximum time in excessively deep anaesthetic planes through BIS neuromonitoring device will reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients over the age of 65 and their hospitalization stay. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: The visible BIS group and the hidden BIS neuromonitoring group. In the visible BIS group, the depth of anaesthesia was sustained between 40 and 60, while in the other group the depth of anaesthesia was guided by hemodynamic parameters and the Minimum Alveolar Concentration value. Patients were assessed three times a day by research staff fully trained during the 72 h after the surgery to determine the presence of POD, and there was follow-up at 30 days. Patients who developed delirium (n = 69) was significantly lower in the visible BIS group (n = 27; 39.1%) than in the hidden BIS group (n = 42, 60.9%; p = 0.043). There were no differences between the subtypes of delirium in the two groups. Patients in the hidden BIS group were kept for 26.6 ± 14.0 min in BIS values < 40 versus 11.6 ± 10.9 min (p < 0.001) for the patients in the visible BIS group. The hospital stay was lower in the visible BIS group 6.56 ± 6.14 days versus the 9.30 ± 7.11 days (p < 0.001) for the hidden BIS group, as well as mortality; hidden BIS 5.80% versus visible BIS 0% (p = 0.01). A BIS-guided depth of anaesthesia is associated with a lower incidence of delirium. Patients with intraoperative neuromonitoring stayed for a shorter time in excessively deep anaesthetic planes and presented a reduction in hospital stay and mortality.
Data-driven model discovery of ideal four-wave mixing in nonlinear fibre optics
Authors: Ermolaev Andrei V. , Sheveleva Anastasiia , Genty Goëry , Finot Christophe , Dudley John M.
Published: July 2022

We show using numerical simulations that data driven discovery using sparse regression can be used to extract the governing differential equation model of ideal four-wave mixing in a nonlinear Schrödinger equation optical fibre system. Specifically, we consider the evolution of a strong single frequency pump interacting with two frequency detuned sidebands where the dynamics are governed by a reduced Hamiltonian system describing pump-sideband coupling. Based only on generated dynamical data from this system, sparse regression successfully recovers the underlying physical model, fully capturing the dynamical landscape on both sides of the system separatrix. We also discuss how analysing an ensemble over different initial conditions allows us to reliably identify the governing model in the presence of noise. These results extend the use of data driven discovery to ideal four-wave mixing in nonlinear Schrödinger equation systems.
lncRNA-disease association prediction based on matrix decomposition of elastic network and collaborative filtering
Authors: Wang Bo , Liu RunJie , Zheng XiaoDong , Du XiaoXin , Wang ZhengFei
Published: July 2022

In recent years, with the continuous development and innovation of high-throughput biotechnology, more and more evidence show that lncRNA plays an essential role in biological life activities and is related to the occurrence of various diseases. However, due to the high cost and time-consuming of traditional biological experiments, the number of associations between lncRNAs and diseases that rely on experiments to verify is minimal. Computer-aided study of lncRNA-disease association is an important method to study the development of the lncRNA-disease association. Using the existing data to establish a prediction model and predict the unknown lncRNA-disease association can make the biological experiment targeted and improve its accuracy of the biological experiment. Therefore, we need to find an accurate and efficient method to predict the relationship between lncRNA and diseases and help biologists complete the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Most of the current lncRNA-disease association predictions do not consider the model instability caused by the actual data. Also, predictive models may produce data that overfit is not considered. This paper proposes a lncRNA-disease association prediction model (ENCFLDA) that combines an elastic network with matrix decomposition and collaborative filtering. This method uses the existing lncRNA-miRNA association data and miRNA-disease association data to predict the association between unknown lncRNA and disease, updates the matrix by matrix decomposition combined with the elastic network, and then obtains the final prediction matrix by collaborative filtering. This method uses the existing lncRNA-miRNA association data and miRNA-disease association data to predict the association of unknown lncRNAs with diseases. First, since the known lncRNA-disease association matrix is very sparse, the cosine similarity and KNN are used to update the lncRNA-disease association matrix. The matrix is then updated by matrix decomposition combined with an elastic net algorithm, to increase the stability of the overall prediction model and eliminate data overfitting. The final prediction matrix is then obtained through collaborative filtering based on lncRNA.Through simulation experiments, the results show that the AUC value of ENCFLDA can reach 0.9148 under the framework of LOOCV, which is higher than the prediction result of the latest model.
Oxidative stress differentially impacts apical and basolateral secretion of angiogenic factors from human iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells
Authors: Chen Lisheng , Perera N. Dayanthi , Karoukis Athanasios J. , Feathers Kecia L. , Ali Robin R. , Thompson Debra A. , Fahim Abigail T.
Published: July 2022

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a polarized monolayer that secretes growth factors and cytokines towards the retina apically and the choroid basolaterally. Numerous RPE secreted proteins have been linked to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The purpose of this study was to determine the differential apical and basolateral secretome of RPE cells, and the effects of oxidative stress on directional secretion of proteins linked to AMD and angiogenesis. Tandem mass tag spectrometry was used to profile proteins in human iPSC-RPE apical and basolateral conditioned media. Changes in secretion after oxidative stress induced by H2O2 or tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH) were investigated by ELISA and western analysis. Out of 926 differentially secreted proteins, 890 (96%) were more apical. Oxidative stress altered the secretion of multiple factors implicated in AMD and neovascularization and promoted a pro-angiogenic microenvironment by increasing the secretion of pro-angiogenic molecules (VEGF, PTN, and CRYAB) and decreasing the secretion of anti-angiogenic molecules (PEDF and CFH). Apical secretion was impacted more than basolateral for PEDF, CRYAB and CFH, while basolateral secretion was impacted more for VEGF, which may have implications for choroidal neovascularization. This study lays a foundation for investigations of dysfunctional RPE polarized protein secretion in AMD and other chorioretinal degenerative disorders.
Horizon scanning process to foresight emerging issues in Arabsphere's water vision
Authors: Batisha Ayman
Published: July 2022

The Arabsphere struggles with highly complicated water challenges due to climate change, desertification, coronavirus pandemic, and Russo-Ukrainian War. This paper explores how to build a robust water vision to pave the road to achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the Arabsphere. A sustainable water future (SWF) necessitates an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research strategy. ‘Horizon scanning’ process (HSP) is one of the promising foresight methodologies. A generic process for “Horizon scanning” has been developed to cope with water crises and challenges. “DEEPEST” holistic framework has been designed to suit both the “Futurology” science and water, environment, and engineering disciplines. “DEEPEST” characterizes Demographics, Ecological, Environmental, Political, Economic, Social, and Technological features. The macro-future factors (MFF) applied in the foresight process (FP) have been presented. The results showed that Water conservation (WC), Circular Water (CW), and Emerging Water Technologies (EWTs) were the main outcomes of the ‘Horizon scanning’ process (HSP). The paper concluded that the preparing for a sustainable water future (SWF) must be right now and the opportunities range from the deepest water drop to the highest water drop on Earth. The essence of the conclusion is hydrosphere sustainability, particularly in Arabsphere, should be given extreme concentration, effort, and support.
Rational design of flexible microneedles coupled with CaO2@PDA-loaded nanofiber films for skin wound healing on diabetic rats
Authors: Zeng Zhiyong , Jiang Guohua , Sun Yanfang , Aharodnikau Uladzislau E. , Yunusov Khaydar E. , Gao Xiaofei , Liu Tianqi , Solomevich Sergey O.
Published: July 2022

Flexible microneedle dressings consisting of metformin-loaded microneedles and electrospun nanofiber films embedded with CaO2@PDA nanoparticles as back patches are designed for skin wound healing in diabetic rats.
Liquid phase catalytic transfer hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone over ZrO2/SBA-15
Authors: Osatiashtiani Amin , Orr Samantha A. , Durndell Lee J. , García Irene Collado , Merenda Andrea , Lee Adam F. , Wilson Karen
Published: July 2022

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is an important bio-derived platform molecule whose atom- and energy efficient, and scalable, catalytic synthesis is highly desirable.
TiO2-supported Co catalysts for the hydrogenation of γ-valerolactone to 2-methyltetrahydrofuran: influence of the support
Authors: Soszka Emilia , Jędrzejczyk Marcin , Lefèvre Christophe , Ihiawakrim Dris , Keller Nicolas , Ruppert Agnieszka M.
Published: July 2022

The TiO2 support phase composition (anatase/rutile ratio) directly impacts key factors such as the metal–support interaction and the nanoparticle size driving the Co catalyst performances in γ-valerolactone hydrogenation to 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
Single molecule magnet behavior and luminescence of {Ln4} and {LnZn} complexes
Authors: Peng Guo , Yang Qi , Chen Yue , Dong Xiang-Tao , Zhang Zaichao , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: July 2022

Two tetranuclear coordination clusters and four dinuclear heterometallic complexes have been synthesized and their structural analyses, magnetic investigations as well as luminescence studies are reported herein.
Iron and zinc porphyrin linked MoO(dithiolene) complexes in relevance to electron transfer between Mo-cofactor and cytochrome b5 in sulfite oxidase
Authors: Paul Navendu , Sarkar Rudra , Sarkar Sabyasachi
Published: July 2022

A bimetallic complex having an asymmetric iron(iii) porphyrin associated with an oxo-molybdenum(iv) dithiolene moiety undergoes intramolecular electron transfer between Fe⋯Mo centres, generating an EPR active molybdenum(v).
A niobium pentafulvene ethylene complex: synthesis, properties and reaction pathways
Authors: de Graaff Simon , Schwitalla Kevin , Haaker Carolin V. , Bengen Nina , Schmidtmann Marc , Beckhaus Rüdiger
Published: July 2022

Formation, properties and reactivity of a niobium pentafulvene ethylene complex are investigated. Terminal oxo, imido hydride and niobaaziridine complexes are obtained, and deuterium labeling is used to elucidate reaction pathways.
Fabrication of a graphene oxide-embedded separation bilayer composite nanofiltration membrane using a combination of layer-by-layer self-assembly and interfacial polymerization
Authors: Wang Jiaxuan , Qu Ying , Liang Tong , Liu Zhe , Sun Peidong , Li Zhengyang , Wang Xinhui , Hu Yuning , Wang Lei , Wang Na
Published: July 2022

Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly combined with interfacial polymerization (IP) was utilized to prepare a separation bilayer composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane containing a polyelectrolyte (PE) sub-layer and a polyamide (PA) top-layer.
Zeaxanthin remodels cytoplasmic lipid droplets via β3-adrenergic receptor signaling and enhances perilipin 5-mediated lipid droplet–mitochondrion interactions in adipocytes
Authors: Xie Jiahan , Liu Huimin , Yin Wandi , Ge Sitong , Jin Zhibo , Zheng Mingzhu , Cai Dan , Liu Meihong , Liu Jingsheng
Published: July 2022

Zeaxanthin induces lipid droplet structural and metabolic remodeling by activating β3-AR signaling and enhances PLIN5-mediated lipid droplet–mitochondrion interactions in hypertrophic white adipocytes.
Construction of novel flower-like functionalized black phosphorus nanosheets/P-doped BiOCl S-scheme photocatalysts with improved photocatalytic activity in RhB and Cr(vi) degradation
Authors: Ma Hecheng , Liu Jianjun , Wang Yimeng , Zuo Shengli , Yu Yingchun , Li Baoshan
Published: July 2022

A flower-like S-scheme BP/BiOCl photocatalyst has been successfully prepared via a simple co-precipitation method, which shows high photocatalytic activity and good stability.
Design of an experimental study of high through-plane thermal conductivity hybrid epoxy composite insulation with superior dielectric strength
Authors: Nguyen Hiep Hoang , Konstantinou Antigoni , Wang Yifei , Ronzello JoAnne , Davis Kerry , Cao Yang
Published: July 2022

Thermally conductive polymers are highly desired as electrical insulation materials in power-electronic and electrical machines toward high power density and payload efficiencies.
Oleic amide derivatives as small molecule stimulators of the human proteasome's core particle
Authors: Halder Saayak , Macatangay Nathaniel J. , Zerfas Breanna L. , Salazar-Chaparro Andres F. , Trader Darci J.
Published: July 2022

A series of oleic acid amide derivatives were generated as potential small molecule stimulators of the 20S core particle of the proteasome (20S CP), with the goal of increasing the protein degradation rate via the ubiquitin-independent pathway.
A tunable color filter using a hybrid metasurface composed of ZnO nanopillars and Ag nanoholes
Authors: Wang Yicheng , Huang Weikai , Lin Yu-Sheng , Yang Bo-Ru
Published: July 2022

Hybrid metasurface nanostructures composed of ZnO nanopillars and Ag nanoholes exhibit color tunability.
Electrostatic Fermi level tuning in large-scale self-assembled monolayers of oligo(phenylene–ethynylene) derivatives
Authors: Wang Xintai , Ismael Ali , Ning Shanglong , Althobaiti Hanan , Al-Jobory Alaa , Girovsky Jan , Astier Hippolyte P. A. G. , O'Driscoll Luke J. , Bryce Martin R. , Lambert Colin J. , Ford Christopher J. B.
Published: July 2022

Understanding and controlling the orbital alignment of molecules placed between electrodes is essential in the design of practically-applicable nanoscale electronic devices.
Recent progress in organophotoredox reaction
Authors: Liu Qiping , Huo Congde , Fu Ying , Du Zhengyin
Published: July 2022

Visible-light-induced organic small molecule-catalysed organic reactions over the past 5 years are reviewed. The reaction mechanisms involving photoinduced single electron transfer and energy transfer are also discussed.
Revealing the dynamics of a mitochondrial microenvironment during apoptosis under two-photon fluorescence lifetime microscopy using a cyclic iridium(iii) complex
Authors: Lin Ying , Zhu Tong , Wang Shujing , Feng Zhihui , Cao Hongzhi , Tian Yupeng , Tian Xiaohe
Published: July 2022

A mitochondrial viscosity-sensitive two-photon fluorescent probe (Mito-Ap) to reflect apoptosis was rationally developed. The apoptotic process was accurately detected by two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging in real-time.
A VO3−-induced S2−-exchange strategy to controllably construct a sub-nano-sulfide-functionalized layered double hydroxide for an enhanced supercapacitor performance
Authors: Jia Xuping , Wu Yaqi , Chi Jinyao , Xiao Zhenyu , Dang Zhenhua , Zhang Qi , Li Bin , Liu Juan , Wang Lei
Published: July 2022

(Ni/Co)1−xS sub-nanoparticle-functionalized Co/Ni-LDH hollow nanocages (S-CNV-LDH) are prepared using a VO3−-induced S2−-exchange strategy, which presents an enhanced supercapacitor performance.
Recent advances in nanozymes for combating bacterial infection
Authors: Su Yanqing , Ding Meng , Dong Heng , Hu Yanling , Yang Dongliang , Shao Jinjun , Huang Bin
Published: July 2022

In this review, we summarize the recent advance of nanozymes in the treatment of bacterial infection.
A tandem reduction of primary amines, carbonyl compounds, CO2, and boranes catalyzed by in situ formed frustrated Lewis pairs
Authors: Xiong Fuqiang , Cheng Qi , Dang Yanfeng , Gao Ke
Published: July 2022

A catalytic system combining 2-aminothiazole and borane efficiently catalyzes a four-component tandem reductive coupling of primary amines, carbonyl compounds, boranes, and CO2 (1 atm) and a broad range of functionalized tertiary N-methylamines are synthesized.
Pd-Catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylation for the construction of spiro[4.5]deca-6,9-dien-8-ones featuring vicinal quaternary carbons
Authors: Sun Haiyu , He Yicheng , Guo Wusheng
Published: July 2022

A Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative strategy for the asymmetric construction of spiro[4.5]deca-6,9-dien-8-ones is reported. The epimerization of the resultant products occurred under otherwise Pd-catalysis.
Manganese-mediated reductive N,N-dialkylation of nitroarenes: a dramatic NiI2 effect
Authors: He Hua-Dong , Zhang Zhi-Kai , Tang Hao-Bo , Xu Yuan-Qing , Xu Xiao-Bo , Cao Zhong-Yan , Xu Hao , Li Yang
Published: July 2022

A dramatic NiI2 effect has been found for Mn-mediated reductive N,N-dialkylation of nitroaromatics.
Comparative study of polydopamine and polypyrrole modified yeast cells applied in biofuel cell design
Authors: Andriukonis Eivydas , Reinikovaite Viktorija , Ramanavicius Arunas
Published: July 2022

In this study we identified that short modification with polymer polypyrrole or polydopamine was beneficial for charge transfer of yeast cells in either conventional fuel cells or flow through electrochemical systems application.
How friction and adhesion affect the mechanics of deep penetration in soft solids
Authors: Fregonese Stefano , Bacca Mattia
Published: July 2022

Friction and adhesion create an increment in penetration force with the depth of the penetrator (needle) tip. This work provides the correlation between the force increment, the material properties and the needle radius.
Dynamic light scattering analysis of size-selected graphene oxide 2D colloids fractionedvialiquid crystal phase separation
Authors: Abele Christina D. , Giesselmann Frank
Published: July 2022

The repeated and combined application of light scattering analysis and size fractionation by liquid crystal phase separation allows to fabricate enhanced, well-defined and size-controlled graphene oxide (GO) systems.