bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Water Permeability and Chloride Penetrability of the Shale Ceramsite Concrete
Authors: Yang Wei Jun , Yang Yong Da , Yang Yi
Published: December 2011

In this presented work, by the seepage experiment for three groups of shale ceramsite concrete with different mixing ratio, it produced its impermeability mark and analyzed how the three factors of pressure holding time, water cement ratio and ceramsite pre-wetting time to impact the penetration depth; also a three-layer neural network model was built up by collecting 20 groups of testing and experiment data of actual projects data of ceramsite concrete chloride penetrability, and performed the chloride experimental simulation and prediction with the model, got comparatively accurate predicted values of chloride permeability coefficient.The study results provide some reference for similar studies.
LSPR Sensitivity Improvement by Using CNTs/Au Nanoparticle for Bioanalysis
Authors: Fujieda Ryohei , Yang Ming
Published: December 2011

In the conventional sensor using localized surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR), metallic particle has been only allocated on substrate in two dimensions. We attempt to allocate metal particles in three dimensions to improve sensitivity than a conventional LSPR sensor, and aim at two points of the establishment of a new LSPR sensor and the detection of the antigen of the low density. As study process, CNTswere synthesized on the Si substrate as support by the CVD method, and modifying gold nanoparticles on surface of CNTs by the PVD method. Evaluation of applicability to bio-sensor was carried out by using protein absorption. BSA of 100mg/l as a protein was applied to the absorption test. Absorption spectra of before and after were compared by the LSPR analysis. Especially, to improve the sensitivity of LSPR,CNTs was patterned by the lithography. After BSA adhesion, in patterned CNTs substrate,it was seen that wavelength shifted by about 7 nm. Therefore, we were able to confirm thatthe substrate which was allocated metal particles in three dimensions had the function as the sensor, and had a potential to improve sensitivity of LSPR.
Error Modeling and Analysis of Inertial Measurement Unit Using Stochastic and Deterministic Techniques
Authors: Ashraf Zeeshan , Nafees Wajeeha
Published: December 2011

The measurements provided by inertial measurement unit (IMU) are erroneous due to certain noise parameters which are needed to be taken into account because the corrupted data is of little practical value in inertial navigation systems (INS). By integrating the IMU data in navigation algorithm, these errors are accumulated, leading to significant drift in the attitude, position and velocity outputs. Several techniques have been devised for the error modeling of this error by way of Neural Networks (NNs), PSD, ARMA, etc. In this paper, the deterministic and stochastic approach is followed to model the noise parameters of a low cost IMU. The error parameters thus determined by using the both techniques help in the development of an effective navigation algorithm. Deterministic errors are calculated by the help of Up-Down Test and the Rate Table test. While the stochastic errors, which are more random in nature, are recognized using Power Spectral Density (PSD) Analysis and Allan Variance techniques.
Fluid Flow and Random Walk Mobility Model for Wireless Mobile Network Research: A Review
Authors: Dutta Nitul , Misra Iti Saha
Published: December 2011

In performance evaluation of mobility management protocols for Wireless Mobile Networks (WMN) estimating cell change rate of mobile users is very important. Based on the rate of cell change (also called handoff rate) other parameters such as location update cost, handoff latency etc. may be calculated. Moreover, any new mobility management protocol must be examined either mathematically or through simulation before its use in real network. Since the cell change rate is dependent on movement pattern of users; that is why modeling of user movement in order to evaluate the performance of protocols and architectures for WMN plays a vital role. The aim of this paper is to discuss Fluid Flow and Random Walk mobility and different method to estimate cell changing rate using these two models. Our intention is to support researchers with options to choose a suitable model when their protocol or architecture needs to be studied under various mobility patterns.
A Systematic Approach to Generate and Conduct Destructive Security Test Sets
Authors: Madhuri K. , Suman M. , Sri M. Nalini , Kumar K. Ravi , Kameswari U. Jyothi
Published: December 2011

Security testing involves two approaches; the question of who should do it has two answers. Standard testing organizations using a traditional approach can perform functional security testing. For example, ensuring that access control mechanisms work as advertised is a classic functional testing exercise. Systematic security testing approaches should be seamlessly incorporated into software engineering curricula and software development process. Traditional software engineering textbooks failed to provide adequate methods and techniques for students and software engineers to bring security engineering approaches to software development process generating secure software as well as correct software. This paper argues that a security testing phase should be added to software development process with systematic approach to generating and conducting destructive security test sets following a complete coverage principle. Software engineers must have formal training on writing secure code. The security testing tasks include penetrating and destructive tests that are different from functional testing tasks currently covered in software engineering textbooks Moreover, component-based development and formal methods could be useful to produce secure code, as well as automatic security checking tools. Some experience of applying security testing principles in our software engineering method teaching is reported.
The Econometric Analysis on the Agricultural Input and Yield of Shandong Province
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhang Li , Pan Li Xia
Published: December 2011

Shandong is a big agricultural province. Embarking from the reality of the development of agricultural economy in Shandong Province, according to the principles of quantity economy, this paper establishes the mathematical model to the major economic target of the Shandong agriculture investment and the yield, carries on the regression analysis, researches the numerical relationship, and puts forward the related proposals.
A Comparison of Classification Technique for Metacognitive Knowledge
Authors: Sae Joo Phongthanat , Sanrach Charan , Chaijaroen Sumalee
Published: December 2011

Metcognitive learning has been developed to 1) enhance students to have awareness for conducting self study, 2) verify metacognitive knowledge and 3) provide proper lessons for each student. The test of metacognitive knowledge was implemented, and at least two out of three metacognitive knowledges; knowledge of self, knowledge of task, and knowledge of strategy, should be presented so that students’ metacognitive regulation can be proved. Therefore classification techniques were proposed to classify metacognitive knowledge of students via accuracy comparison of four classification techniques: Bayesian classifier, Decision Tree, Rule Based, and General Classification as 92.04%, 91.22%, 86.56%, and 92.87% respectively. Nonetheless, Bayesian Classifier is selected to be algorithm for metacognitive learning environment.
Design of the Power Conditioning Circuit for Vibration Based Electrostatic MEMS Energy Converters Found in Energy Scavenging Systems
Authors: Basyoni Marwa S. Salem , Zekry A.A. , Ragai H. F.
Published: December 2011

This paper introduces the design of the power conditioning circuit for electrostatic MEMS energy converters and how it is effective in decreasing the dissipated power to be suitable for energy scavenging systems. This will be done firstly by explaining the need for the power conditioning circuit. Then the use of each of its element and how to design it will be introduced. Finally the dissipated power in the power conditioning circuit due to the non – ideality of its elements will be calculated.
A Theoretical Calculation of Misfit Dislocation and Strain Relaxation in Step-graded InxGa 1-x N/GaN Layers
Authors: Hossain Md. Arafat , Islam Md. Rafiqul
Published: December 2011

This paper presents a theoretical calculation of misfit dislocation and strain relaxation in compositionally step graded InxGa1-xN grown on GaN using the total dislocation energy at each interface. The results also compared with uniform layer of In0.17Ga0.83N and In0.14Ga0.86N grown differently on GaN. Due to having residual strain and a step increase in indium composition a lower misfit strain in upper layers and hence larger critical thickness at each interface has been reported. These effects significantly reduced the misfit dislocations from 2.6×105cm-1to 9.5×104cm-1in step graded In0.14Ga0.86N(500nm)/In0.09Ga0.91N(100nm)/In0.05Ga0.95N(100nm)/GaN layers instead of a uniform In0.14Ga0.86N(700nm)/GaN. A small residual strain of 0.0007 after 700 nm graded layer thickness has been reported with 87.04% strain relaxation.
A Novel Autocalibration of 3-Axis MEMS Accelerometers Based on Improved PSO Algorithm
Authors: Liu Ren Hao , Wang Hua
Published: December 2011

This paper presents a novel procedure to calibrate the strap-down 3-axis MEMS accelerometers for UAV navigat-ion. Firstly, we establish an explicit calibration model with the measurement values of accelerometers, where the calibration is realized via geometric transformations. Secondly, the transfor-mation parameters are calculated through particle swarm optimization (PSO). For the problem of slower convergence rates near the global optimum, the classical PSO algorithm is improved. Based on the numerical optimization idea, the steepest descent method is introduced to PSO. The parameters are searched in the rough by adopting PSO and the precision ones are found by using steepest descent method. Then, the optimal transformation is achieved by the minimum distance function based on this improved PSO(IPSO) algorithm. Finally, the calibration procedure is tested by comparing the attitude produced by the 3-axis accelerometers with that measured by a turntable. The results show that the IPSO algorithm can significantly improve the performance of the classical PSO algorithm, and the maximum attitude error is reduced to 6% of that before calibration. In addition, the proposed procedure does not rely on prior knowledge of the accelerometers and any equipment. So, it is suitable for calibration in field. Such a method is especially useful in UAV applications.
A Simplified Prediction Method for EMI Generated by Three-Phase PWM Rectifier
Authors: Liang Bin , Wei Ke Xin
Published: December 2011

A simplified method for the calculation of Common-mode (CM) electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by Three-phase PWM rectifier is presented. EMI analysis in time domain presents particular problems due to complex geometry and the wide range of time constants involved. This makes the simulation of EMI a complex matter. The method presented here is based on a “Matrix representation” process and is specially designed to simplify the mentioned problems. In this paper, quick and robust simulations were preferred rather than very accurate results. Once the disturbances sources are calculated parameters of the propagation path can be changed giving a new prediction immediately. To evaluate the performances of this analytical approach the frequency-domain model is compared with Saber simulations.
Design and Modeling of a Wide Tuning Range, High Q, Low Supply Voltage MEMS Based Tunable Capacitor for Wireless Communication Applications
Authors: Sreeja B.S , Radha S
Published: December 2011

A simulation model for the analysis of MEMS capacitor has been developed using mechanical equivalencies. The capacitor structure used in this paper has four parallel plates to improve the tuning range. Two of the plates are suspended and the other two plates are fixed. The developed mechanical model is validated with the help of structure simulations performed using PolyMumps process. The simulation results show good correlation between the equivalent mechanical model and the structural model. The tuning range of the mechanical model developed is 2.465:1 where as the PolyMumps fabricated capacitor produces a tuning range of 2.4555:1.The mechanical resonant frequencies of the top and bottom suspended plates are simulated as 501 rad/sec and 706 rad/sec respectively.
Low-Cost Teleoperation of Remotely Located Actuators Based on Dual Tone Multi-Frequency Data Transfer
Authors: Thakkar Sahil , Garg Animesh , Midha Adesh , Gaur Prerna
Published: December 2011

DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) is a system of signal tones used for telecommunications. DTMF uses two tones to represent each key on the touch pad. DTMF data transfer technique has advantages such as high reliability, constant speed, and high signal to noise ratio, low cost and optimal utilization of existing resources. These features make DTMF an attractive Data Transfer Technique. It finds application in home and car security systems, robot control, SMS and voice call controlled industrial applications. In this paper, we discuss the use of DTMF data transfer in a voice call to control a toy car. Cell phone 1(CP 1), which is at user end, makes a call to cell phone 2(CP 2) at the machine end and establishes a connection. A key is pressed at the user side. Two tones corresponding to one key are encoded and sent through the cell phone network. Both tones are tapped through the earphone jack of cell phone at machine end and are decoded. The output is fed to a Micro-controller. The Micro-controller is connected to the remote control unit of the toy car, which in turn controls the motion of the car. The car moves in various directions according to the key pressed user. The electronic circuit is divided into 2 parts. The transmitter side consisting of Cell phone 1 with an inbuilt encoder and the receiver side consisting of Cell Phone 2, 8870 DTMF decoder and Atmega 16 micro-controller. The programming has been carried out on AVR Bascom®.
Towards Dynamics and Control of an Arm-Wheel Based Autonomous Stair Climbing Robotic Vehicle
Authors: Ray R. , Nandy  , Shome S. N. , Bhaumik S.
Published: December 2011

The paper describes the dynamics and control aspects of an arm wheel based mobile robot for stair navigation with such features as skid steered motion on flat surface, navigation on staircase i.e. ascending and descending stairs keeping payload carrier platform parallel to the ground. A feedback linearization control scheme is adopted to decipher the skid steer phenomena. The nearness of the experimental data to corresponding simulated data validates design and analysis of the present system.
A Robust Maze Solving Algorithm for a Micromouse Robot
Authors: Bansal Arun , Agrawal Sunil
Published: December 2011

The problem of micromouse is 30 years old but its importance in the field of robotics is unparalleled, as it requires a complete analysis & proper planning to solve the problem. This paper proposes two computationally efficient algorithms for maze solving. Most of the reported algorithms explore complete maze before finding the shortest path to the center of the maze, thereby taking large exploration time. Our proposed algorithms take less time in maze exploration by exploring the maze partially and by traversing less number of cells to reach the center of the maze. An optimal method for maze solving with partial exploration of the maze can hardly be found applicable to all type of mazes, but our algorithms are found to be efficient in most of the cases. Simulation of our proposed algorithms on the some standard mazes show that one of the two algorithms described in this paper gives the better solution by only partially exploring the maze and the other algorithm also gives the comparative results when compared with the algorithms reported in the literature.
Intelligent Controller for Mobile Robot Based on Heuristic Rule Base Network
Authors: Kumar Singh Mukesh , Kumar Mishra Deepak , Parhi Dayal R. , Prasad Singh Mahendra
Published: December 2011

This paper is related to the human perception based idea by using heuristic information for the navigation of mobile robots in cluttered dynamic environments which provides a general, robust, safe and optimized path. The heuristic rule base network consists of a simple algorithm which makes predefined estimation function very smaller. The estimation function should be adequately defined for desired movement in the environments. A navigation system using rule based technique that allows a mobile robot to travel in an environment about, which the robot has no prior knowledge. This heuristic rule is applied in conjunction with artificial neural network. The proposed intelligent controller provides an optimum trajectory which increases the effectiveness of a mobile robot. A series of simulations test has been conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Observer and Controller Design for Half-Car Active Suspension System Using Singular Perturbation Theory
Authors: Aghazadeh M. , Zarabadipour H.
Published: December 2011

In this paper the singular perturbation theory is used to design observer for estimation of state variables for proper control of half-car active suspension system. The liner quadric Gaussian (LQG) controller has been used to obtain feedback gains. The suspension system performance is optimized with respect to ride comfort, tire deflections and front and rear suspension travels. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is highly effective in evaluating the performance of an active suspension system.
Intelligent Agent Integration of On-Board and Off-Board Sensors Systems for Mobile Robot Path Planning
Authors: Kamal Fayeq , Brown Keith , Taylor Nick
Published: December 2011

The paper describes a novel approach of using distributed intelligent agents for the integration on-board and off-board sensors for mobile robot path planning in indoor environments. The system gives the robot a prior knowledge about the path state, which will be taken by the robot during navigating from an initial position to a target point. This enables the robot to intelligently decide in advance which path should be taken before reaching a point where a barrier to progress may have appeared. The system takes advantage of surveillance cameras already in buildings to aid the robot to plan a path. We have built intelligent agent based system that supports controlling the robot efficiently, using cameras available in the building and managing the communication between agents. The multi-agent system architecture includes two platforms, each platform consist of different agents connected together wirelessly using a JADE middleware platform.
A Critical and Optimal Location for an Autonomous Security Robot in Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Udofia Paul Moses
Published: December 2011

Autonomous Security robots (ASR) can be used to provide security where and when it is too hazardous to the human security guards. The paper is suggesting the introduction/incorporation of ASR into the Niger Delta security system (NDSS). Critical points (where ASR are needed) within the zones are identified based on the past security records. These records served as baseline data which regression lines are generated and produced into some future dates. How many ASR are required at a particular time in the system? Is the number feasible? What are the likely obstructions of the project? These are some fundamental questions attempted in the paper to evolve a critical and optimal location for every security robot deployed to serve in the system. The paper is proposing ASR that will play preventive roles.
A Choquet Fuzzy Integral Controller for Stabilization and Tracking Application
Authors: Singh Ravindra , Hanumandlu M. , Khatoon Shahida , Ibraheem Ibraheem
Published: December 2011

The stabilization, tracking and pointing systems are essential features of modern fire control and surveillance systems. The criteria for precision stabilization may vary from a few hundred micro-radians to few nano-radians for achieving jitter free image depending upon the application scenario. The Line of sight (LOS) is stabilized by mounting the optical payload on a gimbal platform and designing the control system around them. The paper describes a choquet fuzzy integral based control algorithm developed for LOS controlling and stabilizing application. In this approach, q-measure is estimated to simplify the computation of λ-measure that aggregates the information from the weighted inputs. The output of fuzzy rules, which are formulated by defining the product of weighted inputs are required to compute the fuzzy measure in the form of Choquet fuzzy integral.
Encoding Custom Instruction Generation as Satisfiability Problem
Authors: Wong Tingh Wee , Ng Bryan , Wong Chee Onn
Published: December 2011

The emergence of Application-specific Instruction-set Processor (ASIP) has encouraged the proliferation of tool-chains used to streamline its design flow. One of the features much sought-after in these tool-chains is notably the automatic generation of Application-specific Functional Units (AFUs) which, in turn, involves the custom instruction generation as a crucial step. Whereupon an additional step is assumed to pipeline the patterns identified for fulfilling the I/O constraint, custom instructions that correspond to maximal valid subgraphs are mostly beneficial to the speedup gain. Therefore, we present in this paper a propositional satisfiability approach to efficiently identify the custom instructions which contain a large number of valid nodes. Our approach is different substantially from the previous works where it uses an edge classification method to reduce the search space for convexity checking. The experiment results show that our method can, in a matter of few seconds, identify a set of custom instructions that speed up the application to a few times faster.
Adaptive Backstepping Control Based upon DRFNN for RCRBV
Authors: Zhang Ping Jun , Jiang Xin Hua
Published: December 2011

For the nonliear and uncertainty parameters of the running driving component of Resonant cement-road breaking vehicle (RCRBV), the mathematic model of the speed Control is established, a adaptive backstepping control method based upon the dynamic recurrent fuzzy neural networks (DRFNN) is presented. The adaptive backstepping controlling arithmetic is designed firstly in transportational status without regard to the uncertain parameters. The convergence based on Lyapunov theory for the closed loop system is also analysised. secondly, the uncertain parameters of the Electro-hydraulic propotional system which affect the running speed controlling performances are defined as items to be estimated by DRFNN in breaking status to meet the high precision and stability requires, the parameter adjustment law is given based upon DRFNN. Finally, the results of the simulation show that the scheme is robust with respect to plant parameter variations and load disturbances.
A Novel Intelligent Application of Arduino Processor in Automated Vehicle Speed Control System
Authors: Mohideen S.Kaja , Sadiq M.Mohamed , Ashwini G.V. , Ajay P.
Published: December 2011

The prime reason for the accidents in the school zone is due to over speeding of the vehicles. The objective of the project is to design and implement a device that controls the speed of the vehicle in required areas. This is to be achieved using the Arduino processor board that is attached in the vehicle. The device consists of two main components, the transmitter and the receiver. The transmitter gets activated during the peak hours and sends the Radiofrequency .The receiver that is attached to the vehicle senses the Radio frequency. This enables the fuel control mechanism by automatically controlling the butterfly valve that is responsible for the amount of fuel pumped into the engine. Simultaneously the countdown timer starts. The speed is maintained till the timer reads zero, after that the vehicle resumes its original state.
The Effect on Physical, Electrical and Structural Parameters of RF Sputtered Molybdenum Thin Film
Authors: Zaman Mukter , Witjaksono Gunawan , Shih Teh Aun , Islam Shabiul , Othman Masuri , Amin Nowshad
Published: December 2011

In this study, the physical, electrical, and structural parameter on radio frequency (RF) sputtered molybdenum thin film is investigated as a function of two deposition parameters: rf power, and argon (Ar) pressure. Films are sputtered onto the substrates nominally held in room temperature in a RF sputtering system at partial argon (Ar) pressure. A number of 10 films are deposited at 8 sccm of Ar pressure while varying the rf power from 90 to 360 watt. Besides, another set of 7 films are deposited at 240 watt RF power while varying the Ar pressure from 8 to 32 watts. All the films are characterized using FESEM, AFM, XRD, and four points probe. The analysis results substantiate that, to fabricate a low resistive thin layer of molybdenum (Mo) both sputtering power, and deposition time Ar pressure plays significant rules. It is found that, with the increase of the RF power (90 to 280 watt) the deposition rate increase from 1.2 A0/sec to 4.4 A0/sec. But at a RF power higher than 280 watt the deposition rate saturated and it does not increase as linear as before. Also resistivity continuously decreases as the RF power increases from 90 watt up to 270 watt, after that the resistivity remain almost same regardless the RF power increased. Besides, by varying the Ar pressure it is found that with the increase of the Ar pressure the deposition rate increase until 20 sccm (up to 2.4 A0/sec). With further increase of the Ar pressure deposition rate start reducing and reached 2.1 A0/sec at 32 sccm. Based on the above investigation and analysis optimized film is deposited and further analyzed. The surface roughness is analyzed using AFM characterization tool and found 27.4519 nm. The FESEM and XRD analysis along with the resistivity of the film is used to measure the strain of the deposited film and found a strain of less than 0.01% on the optimized film, which is essential for MEMS/NEMS device fabrication and energy harvesting applications.
Tuning of PID Parameters and Fuzzy Adaptive PID Control of the Hydrostatic Driving System
Authors: Xia Chang Gao , Cao Chong
Published: December 2011

Composed of a variable displacement pump and a constant displacement motor, the hydrostatic driving system is a kind of closed speed control system with adjustable displacement. It is widely used in the field of engineering vehicle and other fields. Based on an analysis of the constitution and mathematical model of the hydrostatic driving system, the present study tuned PID parameters by using the critical proportioning method and the optimization method of NCD respectively. Then a kind of fuzzy adaptive PID controller was designed on the basis of the traditional PID control and the fuzzy control theory. In the controller, fuzzy logic was used to realize online self-tuning of PID parameters according to the motor speed error and its derivative, so that the system could have better adaptive ability and strong disturbance resisting performance. The dynamic simulation was made in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results show that the optimization method of NCD has better tuning effect and the response performance of the fuzzy adaptive PID controller is better than that of the classic one. Besides, it should be noted that a drawback was found about the fuzzy adaptive PID control. On the basis of fixed scale factors, a group of quantification factors is appropriate for a specific input signal, but for other signals, the response of the system is not so ideal. A method of adjusting quantification factors according to input signal was adopted to solve the above problem. Automatic adjusting of quantification factors was realized, and this could ensure ideal response to all input signals.
TRIZ Theory in the Application of Vacuum Circuit Breaker Improvement
Authors: Li Shan Min , Zhang Yu , Zhao Xin , Gong Shao Cheng
Published: December 2011

This paper introduced the problem model, solution tools and innovation principles of TRIZ theory, and analyzed the characteristics of the technology contradiction. Second, the heavy breakdown phenomenon appears to vacuum circuit breaker is analyzed and researched, and through the 39 general engineering parameters to establish its problem model. Contradictory matrix is used to find inventive principles on the problem model, combined with practical problems to filter out some obvious not to meet the requirement of principle, improvement can be finally made to the vacuum circuit breaker.
Automatic Recognition of Basal Cisterns on Brain CT
Authors: Huang Ke Chun , Xiao Fu Ren , Wong Jau Min , Chiang I Jen , Liao Chun Chih
Published: December 2011

Effacement of the basal cisterns (BC) and midline shift (MLS) are two most important features clinicians use to evaluate the severity of brain compression by various pathologies. Because of its complex shape, measuring the compression of the BC is not an easy task and its standardization has not been proposed until recently. Based on this standard method, we develop a method for automatic recognition of the BC on brain CT slices. Hypodense pixels of the brain area on each slice are found with a threshold derived from its own histogram. Hough transform is then applied to find the semicircular band containing largest number of hypodense pixels within the lower-central brain. This area was recognized as the normal or abnormal BC if it fits certain rules derived from human experts. Our system is tested on patient images. We found good inter-rater agreement between the results generated by our system and those evaluated by a board-certified neurosurgeon (kappa = 0.957).
Mathematical Model for Yarn Unwinding Part ΙΙ: Conic Packages
Authors: Praček Stanislav , Sluga Franci , Možina Klemen
Published: December 2011

Mathematical modeling can be used to simulate the unwinding of yarn from packages of different shapes. This method can be applied to design packages that can sustain high unwinding velocities at low and steady tension in the yarn. In the case of conic packages the angular velocity of unwinding depends not only on the winding angle as is the case for cylindric packages, but also on the apex angle. We will show that the dimensionless angular velocity depends very little on the apex angle. The apex angle, however, also determines the effective radius of the package at the lift-off point, therefore the angular velocity can be proportionally higher. We will compare unwinding from a cylindrical and a conic package with equal smallest radius and show that unwinding from the conic package is faster due to higher average radius of the package at the lift-off point.
Research on Three-Dimensional Displacement Measurement Technology of the Beating Heart
Authors: Yang Sheng Yi , Gu An , Li Meng , Lu Chang Jian
Published: December 2011

In robotic-assisted heart surgery, the method of canceling the relative motion between the surgical site on the heart and the surgical instruments was introduced in this paper. A whisker sensor was designed for three dimensional position measurement in beating heart surgery. Analytical models were developed according to the classical mechanics of materials, and theoretical formulas were derived for displacement measurement. Feasibility and effectiveness of the method were verified by simulation experiments. We can obtain measurements by loading displacement to the whisker sensor, and draw conclusions by comparing the measurements.
Empirical Analysis on the Influence Factors of Tourism Income in Shandong Province
Authors: Sun Qiu Bai , Ma Xiao Hui , Li Hua
Published: December 2011

Based on the actual data of tourism income in Shandong province beginning from 1992 to 2009, this paper took the disposable income of urban residents, the number of foreign tourists, and the number of travel agencies as the major influence factors of tourism income. To study the impact of the above factors on tourism income in Shandong province, the tourist income econometric model was established and solved through econometric software Eviews 6.0. The conclusion was draw that there were significant relevance between the three factors and tourist income in Shandong province. All these findings would be useful references to improve tourism of Shandong province.
Competitive or Complementary? Exploration, Exploitation and Acquisitions in the Taiwanese Electronic Industry
Authors: Lin Liang Hung , Ho Yu Ling , Lin Wei Hsin
Published: December 2011

The central concern of corporate strategy for high-tech firms has focused on the rational choice and appropriate balance between exploration and exploitation. This study applies the exploration vs. exploitation construct to examine (1) how different strategies affect exploration and exploitation when firms undertake mergers and acquisitions (M&As), and (2) how ambidextrous design alters associated results. This investigation of Taiwanese electronic and computer firms reveals that M&A strategy, structure and suited matches are decisive factors, and ambidextrous design is useful for simultaneously pursuing both activities.
A Study on Research and Development Strategies of Total Heat Exchanger Using Systematic Methods
Authors: Lin Wen Tsann , Wang Shen Tsu , Li Meng Hua , Huang Chun Ming , Lin Shih Wei
Published: December 2011

This study intends to determine market demand for total heat exchangers, and then develop research and development (R&D) strategies to satisfy customers' needs and improve corporate competitiveness. Kano 2-D quality model analysis and questionnaire survey were conducted to identify the importance of customers' expectations of quality constructs, and Kano quality factors of classified quality constructs. The opinion difference of customer attributes for quality construct was then compared. Finally, the results of Kano questionnaires and quality function deployment (QFD) were combined to construct a house of quality, with the voice of customers (VOC) incorporated into the design and planning of total heat exchangers. The results showed that consumers pay attention to convenience of use and the function of improving indoor air quality. The findings can serve as references for manufacturers to identify the qualities of total heat exchangers that attract customers, and design products that satisfy customers’ needs. The results can also serves as references for the development of future energy-saving air conditioning.
Thermal Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Rarefied Gas Flows in Nanochannels for Wide Range of Knudsen Number
Authors: Isfahani A.H. Meghdadi , Soleimani A.
Published: December 2011

Using a modified Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM), developing thermal flow through micro and nano channels has been modeled. Based on the improving of the dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity, an effective relaxation time formulation is proposed which is able to simulate wide range of Knudsen numbers, Kn,. The results show that in spite of the standard LBM, the temperature distributions and the local Nusselt number obtained from this modified thermal LBM, agree well with the other numerical and empirical results in a wide range of Knudsen numbers.
Research on SNR Estimating Arithmetic in Frequency Domain to Linear-FM Pulse-Compression Radar
Authors: Zhang Qi Liang , Sun Qing , Sun Yong
Published: December 2011

Linear-LM pulse-compression signal has been widely used in modern radar for its characteristics of far detection range and strong ability of anti-jamming. SNR of Linear-FM pulse-compression radar is needed to be measured real-time in the course of estimating its anti-jamming ability quantitatively. Aiming at the performance of this radar, SNR estimating arithmetic in frequency domain is put forward in this paper and the model is validated by simulating in Gaussian white noise background. Result shows that the high speed operation arithmetic is easy to implement and can be applied to estimating the anti-jamming effect of Linear-FM pulse-compression radar.
Suppression Vibration Adaptive Inverse Dynamics Control of Flexible Plate with Piezoelectric Layers
Authors: Azadi Mohammad , Roopaei Mehdi , Eghtesad Mohammad , Fazelzadeh S. Ahmad
Published: December 2011

Micro-Vibrations, generally defined as low amplitude vibrations at frequencies up to 1 kHz, are now of critical importance in a number of areas. One such area is onboard spacecraft carrying sensitive payloads where the micro-vibrations are caused by the operation of other equipment. In this paper a rectangular simply supported flexible panel is considered. The equipments are located on this panel as lumped masses and the micro-vibrations are induced by some concentrated forces. The piezoelectric layers are attached on both sides of the panel as sensors and actuators. The governing equations of motion are derived based on Lagrange-Rayleigh-Ritz method. An adaptive control scheme is applied to reduce the panel vibrations. Finally the simulation results show the advantages of the adaptive control algorithm.
Amorphous Carbon Thin Films Deposited by Thermal CVD Using Camphoric Carbon as Precursor
Authors: Fadzilah A.N. , Tahir Nur Ayuni , Rusop Mohamad
Published: December 2011

This paper reports on the deposition of semiconducting amorphous carbon (p-aC) films fabricated onto the glass substrate and n-type silicon by Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) using natural source of camphoric carbon as the precursor material. Those samples were deposited at 5 different temperatures from 3500C to 5500C. From the characterization of the electrical properties using current-voltage (I-V) measurement, I-V graph was modeled for both conditions, where for a-C thin films linear graph (ohmic) were performed, whereas for the device, a rectifying graph were obtained. The analyze revealed that conductivity shows an increment as deposition temperature increased, both in dark and under illumination condition. On the other hand, the solar cell device of the p-aC/n-Si achieved an efficiency of 0.1111% for the a-C deposited at 3500C. Other than that, optical properties were also characterized by using UV-VIS-NIR system. The same trend of optical and electrical can be seen when the measurement from the Tauc’s plot expose a decreasing value of optical band gap as temperature increase.
Effect of Nanofluid Properties on Magnetohydrodynamic Pump (MHD)
Authors: Shahidian Azadeh , Ghassemi Majid , Mohammadi Rafat
Published: December 2011

A Magnetohydrodynamic pump uses the Lorentz effect. It is based on the injection of an electric field into two electrodes located at facing side walls of a channel. The purpose of this study is to numerically investigate the effect of Nanofluid properties on the flow field as well as the temperature distribution in a MHD pump. To solve the non-linear governing differential equations, a finite difference based code is developed and utilized. The temperature and velocity are calculated by solving the energy and Navier-Stokes equations. Result shows that temperature stays almost constant with magnetic field. Furthermore velocity and temperature behaviours are similar for each period. However heat transfer inside the MHD pump varies with nanofluid (NaCl solution and Al2O3 nanoparticles) in comparison with the NaCl solution.
The Flow Stress and Microstructure Evolution during Hot Compression of Casting AZ91D Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Li Hong Bo , Lu Me , Li Cai Jie
Published: December 2011

The flow stress at the temperature of 250~450°Cand different strain rate of casting AZ91D magnesium alloy was studied through experiment, which adopting the Gleeble 3500 system of DSI company. The mathematical model of flow stress containing the softening factor which is suitable for casting AZ91D magnesium alloy was proposed. The temperature and strain rate conditions during full dynamic recrystallization were found by observing the microstructure.
A Monolithic Three-Axis Accelerometer with Low Cross-Axis Sensitivity
Authors: He Chang De , Zhang Wen Dong , Xiong Ji Jun , Xue Chen Yang , Shi Gui Xiong
Published: December 2011

A 50,000g three-axis accelerometer using a single proof mass is presented. The sensitive structure is made of a single proof mass and eight cantilever beams. Twelve piezoresistors are placed on the cantilevers symmetrically, which can be used to detect 3-dimensional acceleration. The symmetric placement of the piezoresistors brings the reasonable sensitivity and simultaneously decreases the cross-axis sensitivity significantly. Simulation results show that the sensitivity in X-, Y- and Z-axis are 0.806uV/g, 0.806uV/g and 3.71uV/g respectively with 5V supply and the cross-axis sensitivities are all less than 2.4%, which ensures the high performance of the three-axis accelerometer.
The Micro-Milling Machining of Pyrex Glass Using the Electrochemical Discharge Machining Process
Authors: Lu Chang Jian , Gu An , Meng Li , Yang Sheng Yi
Published: December 2011

The principles of ECDM and micro-milling were described in the article. The ECDM technology and micro-milling technology were combined, and a milling platform was designed, through the analysis of the affecting factors in the processing, the Pyrex glass was machined by using the electrochemical discharge micro-milling machining and the experiment results were discussed. The results showed that the electrochemical discharge milling machining had a good prospect for the micro machining of the non-conductive materials.
Fuzzy Reliablity Optimization Design of Two Stage Planetary Gear System by Genetic Algorithm Based on Predatory Search Strategy
Authors: Wang Chun Guang
Published: December 2011

Fuzzy reliability analysis is regared as the theoretical basis. It takes the minimum volume and the maximum transmission efficiency as objective function．Then the mathematical model of fuzzy reliability optimal design on two stage planetary gear sets is set up. Genetic algorithm based on predatory search strategy is used to solve the fuzzy reliability mathematical model. Examples of calculation shows that the volume is decrease by 15%. The results imply the fuzzy reliability analysis is more scientific and reasonable in designing two stage planetary gear sets by using fuzzy reliability analysis.
Corrosion Detection in Pipes by Piezoelectric Sensors Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Rafezi Hamed , Rahmani Behnood
Published: December 2011

Defect detection in pipes is an essential task specially for sensitive applications such as oil and gas industry where special cares are required. Corrosion is a common defect in pipes which has attracted attention of researchers. In present work a non-destructive methodology for pipe corrosion monitoring is introduced. Polymer of Vinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Piezoelectric is used as the sensor to measure strain variations affected by internal corrosion. High sensitivity and low cost of piezoelectric materials made them a good candidate for precise industrial applications. Different corrosion conditions (i.e. corrosion location along pipe and corrosion depth) are modeled and sensors voltages in different corrosion conditions are simulated. Finally in order to develop an effective corrosion detection system, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is designed to recognize position and amount of corrosion according to sensors voltages. The ANN performed corrosion condition recognition with 91 % of accuracy. This method provides the capability of online implementation for continuous maintenance of pipelines.
Gravitational Data Model for Databases
Authors: Seyfi Majid
Published: December 2011

In the near future Data Bank Users will be made of wide range of people and its applications will be much more diverse and more widespread. These users must be provided with a much higher level of abstraction compared to the current data models. Data modeling should be much simpler so that the end users can fulfill their information needs or apply the changes without needing experts and only with a concise training. The current data models are not suitable for the unskilled users. The first three initial parts will provide brief and comparative description of these data models and advantages and disadvantages of them. In the fourth part, the structure of Gravitational Data Model (which is made of bilateral connections between each entity and its dependents and also the other entities) and its pros and cons will be presented.
6 Dot Braille Script Based Adapted Computer Keyboard for Visually Impaired
Authors: Abhishek P. , Balaji R.
Published: December 2011

Presently, computers have become a part of everyone’s daily life, including the visually impaired people. Keyboard, being the only input device for using a computer, is not friendly for the visually impaired. The computer skills of these people go unutilized since they find it difficult to work using the standard keyboard. Several companies today market alternative keyboards for helping the visually impaired to type, yet they are not suitable for them. Thus, the technical aim of this paper describes an innovative idea for eliminating the above said issue by using the existing QWERTY keyboard to enhance the interaction of the visually impaired people with standard computers thereby eliminating all of the practical and mental constraints.
Lampposts as Landmarks for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping
Authors: Jilani Musfira , Corcoran Padraig , Mooney Peter
Published: December 2011

This paper investigates the effectiveness of using lampposts, which are commonly found in University campus environments with high frequency, as landmarks in a 2D LIDAR based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) framework. Lampposts offer a number of benefits compared to other forms of landmarks. Their unique spatial signature makes it possible to design effective algorithms to extract them. They have a very small spatial size. Their use removes the challenge of determining a corresponding location between difference views. This represents a major challenge if larger objects are used as landmarks. The proposed SLAM algorithm contains three stages. Firstly LIDAR segmentation is performed. Next each object is input to a binary classifier which determines objects with a high probability of corresponding to lampposts. Finally these extracted lampposts are input to an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) based SLAM algorithm. The ICP algorithm used is an extension of the traditional ICP algorithm and filters associations due to noise. Results achieved by the proposed system were very positive. An accurate map of a university’s lampposts was created and localization, when compared to GPS ground-truth, was very accurate.
A Dynamic Approach to Image Steganography Using the Three Least Significant Bits and Extended Hill Cipher
Authors: Swain Gandharba , Lenka Saroj Kumar
Published: December 2011

In this paper we propose a technique for secure communication between sender and receiver. We use both cryptography and steganography. We take image as the carrier to use steganography. We have extended the existing hill cipher to increase its robustness and used it as our cryptography algorithm. By using this extended hill cipher (a new block cipher) which uses a 128 bit key, we encrypt the secret message. Then the cipher text of the secret message is embedded into the carrier image in 6th, 7th and 8th bit locations of some of the selected pixels (bytes). The 8th bit in a pixel (byte) is called as the least significant bit (LSB). The pixel selection is done depending on the bit pattern of the cipher text. So for different messages the embedding pixels will be different. That means to know the pixels of the image where the cipher text is embedded we should know the cipher text bits. Thus it becomes a stronger steganography. As the pixels where we embed are chosen during the run time of the algorithm, so we say that it is dynamic steganography. After embedding the resultant image will be sent to the receiver, the receiver will apply the reverse process what the sender has done and get the secret message.