bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the duration of bridge to lung transplantation with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Oh Dong Kyu , Hong Sang-Bum , Shim Tae Sun , Kim Dong Kwan , Choi Sehoon , Lee Geun Dong , Kim Won , Park Seung-Il
Published: July 2021

Background

Although bridge to lung transplantation (BTT) with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly performed, the impact of BTT and its duration on post-transplant outcomes are unclear.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed medical records of adult patients who underwent lung or heart-lung transplantation in our institution between January 2008 and December 2018. Data were compared in patients who did (n = 41; BTT) and did not (n = 36; non-BTT) require pre-transplant ECMO support. Data were also compared in patients who underwent short-term (<14 days; n = 21; ST-BTT) and long-term (≥14 days; n = 20; LT-BTT) BTTs.

Results

Among 77 patients included, 51 (66.2%) were male and median age was 53 years. The median bridging time in the BTT group was 13 days (interquartile range [IQR], 7–19 days). Although simplified acute physiologic score II was significantly higher in the BTT group (median, 35; IQR, 31–49 in BTT group vs. median, 12; IQR, 7–19 in non-BTT group;p<0.001), 1-year (73.2% vs. 80.6%; p = 0.361) and 5-year (61.5% vs. 61.5%; p = 0.765) post-transplant survival rates were comparable in both groups. Comparison of ST- and LT-BTT subgroups showed that 1-year (90.5% vs. 55.0%; p = 0.009) and 5-year (73.0% vs. 48.1%; p = 0.030) post-transplant survival rates were significantly higher in ST-BTT group. In age and sex adjusted model, the LT-BTT was an independent risk factor for 1-year post-transplant mortality (hazard ratio, 3.019; 95% confidence interval, 1.119–8.146; p = 0.029), whereas the ST-BTT was not.

Conclusions

Despite the severe illness, the BTT group showed favorable post-transplantation outcomes, particularly those bridged for less than 14 days.
MicroRNA-210-3p is transcriptionally upregulated by hypoxia induction and thus promoting EMT and chemoresistance in glioma cells
Authors: Liu Hong , Chen Changjin , Zeng Jinhao , Zhao Ziyi , Hu Qiongying
Published: July 2021

Background

Glioma is the most common and lethal form of brain cancer. It is highly malignant and is often characterized by chemoresistance and radioresistance, which are thought to mainly result from hypoxic microenvironments. Various tumour-promoting and tumour-suppressing microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in gliomas; however, it is still largely unknown how miRNAs are modified by hypoxia and subsequently affect glioma. In this study, we examined the expression of miR-210-3p, a well-characterized miRNA that responds to hypoxia in glioma cell lines.

Methods

The expressions of miR-9 and miR-210-3p were analysed by using qPCR. Cell viability was measured by performing CCK-8 after eechinomycin treatment or introduction of miR-210 for 24 or 48 h. The correlation of HIF-1α expression with TGF-β were analysed using the REMBRANDT database. The biomarkers of EMT, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin, were detected by western blot. Apoptotic cell death was measured by performing Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining followed by flow cytometry.

Results

We found that miR-210-3p was induced by a mechanism dependent on the hypoxia-induced transcriptional activity of HIF-1α. Then we established a positive association between the HIF-1α and TGF-β expression levels, and miR-210-3p upregulation induced TGF-β expression, indicating that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α activity upregulated TGF-β via miR-210-3p upregulation. Hypoxia-induced miR-210-3p activity was found to promote EMT by upregulating TGF-β, which subsequently enhanced the invasive ability in U87-MG cells. We further confirmed that miR-210-3p induced chemoresistance to TMZ in U87-MG cells via TGF-β upregulation under hypoxic conditions.

Conclusion

These results help to reveal the potential regulatory mechanisms of hypoxia-induced miR-210-3p expression that affect malignant behaviors and chemoresistance via TGF-β upregulation in glioma cells.
Expert consensus on the important chronic non-specific neck pain motor control and segmental exercise and dosage variables: An international e-Delphi study
Authors: Price Jonathan , Rushton Alison , Tyros Vasileios , Heneghan Nicola R.
Published: July 2021

Background

Chronic non-specific neck pain is highly prevalent, resulting in significant disability. Despite exercise being a mainstay treatment, guidance on optimal exercise and dosage variables is lacking. Combining submaximal effort deep cervical muscles exercise (motor control) and superficial cervical muscles exercise (segmental) reduces chronic non-specific neck pain, but evaluation of optimal exercise and dosage variables is prevented by clinical heterogeneity.

Objective

To gain consensus on important motor control and segmental exercise and dosage variables for chronic non-specific neck pain.

Methods

An international 3-round e-Delphi study, was conducted with experts in neck pain management (academic and clinical). In round 1, exercise and dosage variables were obtained from expert opinion and clinical trial data, then analysed thematically (two independent researchers) to develop themes and statements. In rounds 2 and 3, participants rated their agreement with statements (1–5 Likert scale). Statement consensus was evaluated using progressively increaseda prioricriteria using descriptive statistics.

Results

Thirty-seven experts participated (10 countries). Twenty-nine responded to round 1 (79%), 26 round 2 (70%) and 24 round 3 (65%). Round 1 generated 79 statements outlining the interacting components of exercise prescription. Following rounds 2 and 3, consensus was achieved for 46 important components of exercise and dosage prescription across 5 themes (clinical reasoning, dosage variables, exercise variables, evaluation criteria and progression) and 2 subthemes (progression criteria and progression variables). Excellent agreement and qualitative data supports exercise prescription complexity and the need for individualised, acceptable, and feasible exercise. Only 37% of important exercise components were generated from clinical trial data. Agreement was highest (88%-96%) for 3 dosage variables: intensity of effort, frequency, and repetitions.

Conclusion

Multiple exercise and dosage variables are important, resulting in complex and individualised exercise prescription not found in clinical trials. Future research should use these important variables to prescribe an evidence-informed approach to exercise.
The impact of the narrative mindset on effectivity in social problem solving
Authors: Trzebiński Jerzy , Czarnecka Jolanta Zuzanna , Cabański Maciej
Published: July 2021

The narrative mindset is a tendency to interpret social information in the frame of stories. Two experiments were conducted to determine if and why the narrative mindset increases social problem-solving effectivity. The experiments consisted of two parts: the experimental manipulation (inducing the narrative mindset or control condition) and the observation of effects. In the second part, presented as a separate study, a participant was asked to advise other people facing interpersonal problems (experiment 1) or emotional problems (experiment 2). Three pairs of coders judged each piece of advice independently on three scales: Effectivity of the advice, empathy, and personalization (using their own experiences in providing the advice). The results indicate that the narrative mindset increases empathy, supported by the co-occurring increase in the problem’s personalization, which leads to higher effectivity. The results reveal the positive real-life implications of structuring social information within a story frame. It may encourage the introduction of the narrative mindset effects into an area of social cognition research. Finally, the experiments show that the narrative mindset may be activated experimentally, providing an effective instrument to test the impact of narrative knowledge on social cognition.
Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and immunomodulatory treatment in children with symptoms corresponding to the research condition PANS (Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome): A systematic review
Authors: Johnson Mats , Ehlers Stephan , Fernell Elisabeth , Hajjari Parisa , Wartenberg Constanze , Wallerstedt Susanna M.
Published: July 2021

Objective

To assess effects of treatment against a hypothesized neuroinflammation in children with symptoms corresponding to the research condition Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) which is not included in current diagnostic systems.

Methods

Systematic literature searches were performed (1998 to June 2020) in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and HTA databases. Inclusion criteria: patients (P) were children (<18 years) with PANS; intervention (I)/comparison (C) was use of, versus no use of, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial or immunomodulating treatments; outcomes (O) were health-related quality of life (HRQL), level of functioning, symptom change, and complications.

Results

Four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and three non-RCTs, including 23 to 98 patients, fulfilled the PICO. HRQL was not investigated in any study. Regarding level of functioning, two RCTs investigated antibiotics (penicillin V, azithromycin) and one RCT investigated immunomodulating treatments (intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), plasma exchange). Regarding symptoms, two non-RCTs investigated anti-inflammatory treatment (cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, corticosteroids), two RCTs and one non-RCT investigated antibiotics (penicillin V, azithromycin), and two RCTs investigated immunomodulating treatments (IVIG, plasma exchange). Complications, reported in five studies, were consistent with those listed in the summary of products characteristics (SPC). All studies were assessed to have some or major problems regarding directness, the absence of an established diagnosis contributing to clinical diversity in the studied populations. All studies were assessed to have major risk of bias, including selection and detection biases. Due to clinical and methodological diversity, meta-analyses were not performed.

Conclusion

This systematic review reveals very low certainty of evidence of beneficial effects, and moderate certainty of evidence of adverse effects, of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial or immunomodulating treatments in patients with symptoms corresponding to the research condition PANS. Available evidence neither supports nor excludes potential beneficial effects, but supports that such treatment can result in adverse effects.

Registration

PROSPERO (CRD42020155714).
Conservation outreach that acknowledges human contributions to climate change does not inhibit action by U.S. farmers: Evidence from a large randomized controlled trial embedded in a federal program on soil health
Authors: Ferraro Paul J. , Fooks Jacob , Iovanna Rich , Kecinski Maik , Larson Joel , Meiselman Ben S. , Messer Kent D. , Wilson Mike
Published: July 2021

Technologies and practices that reduce the environmental impacts of US agriculture are well documented. Less is known about how best to encourage their adoption. We report on the results of a large randomized controlled trial conducted with nearly 10,000 agricultural producers in the United States. The experiment was embedded in US Department of Agriculture outreach efforts to improve soil conservation practices. USDA varied the content of mailings to test two sets of competing theories about outreach to agricultural producers. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we find no evidence that acknowledging the link between climate change and agricultural production discourages conservation action. Furthermore, we find that producers who were invited to a webinar were less likely to take any action to learn more about conservation practices than producers who were not told about the webinar, a result that runs counter to the popular wisdom that offering more options leads to more action.
Influence of surgical and N95 face masks on speech perception and listening effort in noise
Authors: Rahne Torsten , Fröhlich Laura , Plontke Stefan , Wagner Luise
Published: July 2021

Daily-life conversation relies on speech perception in quiet and noise. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks have become mandatory in many situations. Acoustic attenuation of sound pressure by the mask tissue reduces speech perception ability, especially in noisy situations. Masks also can impede the process of speech comprehension by concealing the movements of the mouth, interfering with lip reading. In this prospective observational, cross-sectional study including 17 participants with normal hearing, we measured the influence of acoustic attenuation caused by medical face masks (mouth and nose protection) according to EN 14683 and of N95 masks according to EN 1149 (EN 14683) on the speech recognition threshold and listening effort in various types of background noise. Averaged over all noise signals, a surgical mask significantly reduced the speech perception threshold in noise was by 1.6 dB (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0, 2.1) and an N95 mask reduced it significantly by 2.7 dB (95% CI, 2.2, 3.2). Use of a surgical mask did not significantly increase the 50% listening effort signal-to-noise ratio (increase of 0.58 dB; 95% CI, 0.4, 1.5), but use of an N95 mask did so significantly, by 2.2 dB (95% CI, 1.2, 3.1). In acoustic measures, mask tissue reduced amplitudes by up to 8 dB at frequencies above 1 kHz, whereas no reduction was observed below 1 kHz. We conclude that face masks reduce speech perception and increase listening effort in different noise signals. Together with additional interference because of impeded lip reading, the compound effect of face masks could have a relevant impact on daily life communication even in those with normal hearing.
Mapping the potential aggregation values of ecotourism landscapes from stakeholder survey, structural equation modeling and GIS: Case study of Moc Chau site, Vietnam
Authors: Pham Tuan Anh , Pham Tam Minh , Dang Giang Thi Huong , Nguyen Doi Trong , Du Quan Vu Viet
Published: July 2021

The primary aim of this study is to propose a potential landscape value assessment from different dimensions rather than the traditional approach of a composite indicator. The method used in this study is the combination of data collection from stakeholder survey, score measurement for landscape value dimensions using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and spatial representation with the support of Geographic Information System (GIS). From a large-scale (n = 400) investigation in the Moc Chau district, the statistical data extracted from the survey provides input data for the score determination process. SEM analysis shows that each landscape site has 11 determinants influencing the landscape value assessment. Using the RMSE comparison (for validation) with different interpolation methods, the ordinary kriging method is chosen to model the aggregation landscape value map of Moc Chau District. About 24.97% total area of the study area has great potential for tourism development, being mainly distributed in the center of a high mountainous area. This approach can be used as a model to advocate local and regional assessment and enhance value-based management in other territories in Vietnam and beyond.
Anti-HCV antibody titer highly predicts HCV viremia in patients with hepatitis B virus dual-infection
Authors: Liu Hung-Yin , Lin Yi-Hung , Lin Pei-Ju , Tsai Pei-Chien , Liu Shu-Fen , Huang Ying-Chou , Tsai Jia-Jiun , Huang Ching-I , Yeh Ming-Lun , Liang Po-Cheng , Lin Zu-Yau , Dai Chia-Yen , Huang Jee-Fu , Chuang Wan-Long , Huang Chung-Feng , Yu Ming-Lung
Published: July 2021

Background/Aims

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is diagnosed by the presence of antibody to HCV and/or HCV RNA. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of anti-HCV titer (S/CO ratio) in predicting HCV viremia in patients with or without hepatitis B virus (HBV) dual infection.

Methods

Anti-HCV seropositive patients who were treatment-naïve consecutively enrolled. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected using a commercially chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. HCV RNA was detected by real-time PCR method.

Results

A total of 1321 including1196 mono-infected and 125 HBV dually infected patients were analyzed. The best cut-off value of anti-HCV titer in predicting HCV viremia was 9.95 (AUROC 0.99, P<0.0001). Of the entire cohort, the anti-HCV cut-off value of 10 provided the best accuracy, 96.8%, with the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.3%, 98.9%, 99.7% and 87.3% respectively. The best cut-off value of anti-HCV titer in predicting HCV viremia was 9.95 (AUROC 0.99, P<0.0001) and 9.36 (AUROC 1.00, P<0.0001) in patients with HCV mono-infection and HBV dual-infection respectively. Among the HBV dually infected patients, the accuracy of anti-HCV titer in predicting HCV viremia reached up to 100% with the cut-off value of 9. All the patients were HCV-viremic if their anti-HCV titer was greater than 9 (PPV 100%). On the other hand, all the patients were HCV non-viremic if their anti-HCV titer was less than 9 (NPV 100%).

Conclusions

Anti-HCV titer strongly predicted HCV viremia. This excellent performance could be generalized to either HCV mono-infected or HBV dually infected patients.
Symptomatic pelvic floor disorders and its associated factors in South-Central Ethiopia
Authors: Beketie Eskedar Demissie , Tafese Wubishet Tesfaye , Assefa Zebene Mekonnen , Berriea Fantahun Walle , Tilahun Genet Asfaw , Shiferaw Bisrat Zeleke , Teke Natnael Eshetu
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Pelvic floor disorders (PFD) are gynecologic health problems containing a wide variety of clinical problems; the most prevalent problems are pelvic organ prolapse, fecal incontinence, and urinary incontinence. It is a significant women’s health problem for both developed and developing countries. One in five women in Ethiopia experiences at least one major type of pelvic floor disorders. Despite the severity of the problem, due attention was not given, and no study has been conducted on pelvic floor disorders in the Gurage Zone.

Objective

To determine the prevalence and associated factors of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders among women living in Gurage Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2020.

Methodology

Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2020 among 542 women residing in the Gurage Zone. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select the participants. Interviewer administered, pretested questionnaires containing questions related to pelvic organ prolapse, urinary, and fecal incontinence was used. The urinary incontinence severity index questionnaire was used to assess the severity of urinary incontinence. Epi-Info x7 was used to record data, and SPSS was used to analyze the data. Binary logistic regression with 95% CI was used to explore the relationship between PFD and other independent variables. After multivariable logistic regression analysis variables with P-value less than 0.05 was used to determine significant association.

Result

A total of 542 participants were included in this study. Overall, 41.1% of the participants reported one or more symptoms of pelvic floor disorders. Urinary incontinence had the highest prevalence (32.8%), followed by pelvic organ prolapse (25.5%) and fecal incontinence (4.2%). History of weight lifting >10 Kg (AOR = 3.38; 95% CI: 1.99, 5.72), ≥5 vaginal delivery (AOR = 11.18; 95% CI: 1.53, 81.58), and being in menopause (AOR = 3.37; 95% CI: 1.40, 8.07) were identified as possible contributing factors in the development of a pelvic floor disorders.

Conclusion

The prevalence of symptomatic PFD was higher compared to other similar studies in Ethiopia. Heavy weight lifting, repetitive vaginal deliveries and menopause were factors significantly associated with PFD. Expansion of technologies and building basic infrastructures, health education on kegel exercise and promotion of family planning should be considered as a prevention strategy.
Un conjunto de cuevas acantiladas con alquería: el despoblado andalusí de Algaraceite (Casarabonela - Málaga)
Authors: Marmolejo Cantos Francisco
Published: July 2021

Se plantea el estudio de un grupo de cuevas acantiladas situadas en el occidente malagueño, con un horizonte cronológico que abarca desde el periodo altomedieval hasta el pasado siglo XX. Sus características formales hacen posible su adscripción con las cuevas-refugio inventariadas por M. Bertrand en el Sudeste de al-Andalus; aunque nada impide apreciar otros usos alternativos o complementarios en diferentes etapas históricas. Del estudio que presentamos, cabe introducir como hipótesis que los complejos de cuevas-vivienda acantiladas, con varios niveles superpuestos, podrían ser una clara evolución tipológica de estas cuevas-refugio de carácter defensivo.
Las villae bajoimperiales en el valle del Ebro. El caso de Velilla de Aracanta (Agoncillo, La Rioja)
Authors: Calonge Miranda Adrián
Published: July 2021

El yacimiento de Velilla de Aracanta se ubica en una terraza fluvial sobre la que domina la desembocadura del río Leza en el Ebro. Pese a estar resuelta la cuestión sobre la supuesta iglesia paleocristiana y llevadas a cabo una serie de excavaciones arqueológicas durante la década de los 2000, no se ha reconstruido la planta de enclave, similar a otras grandes villae del Ebro. La profunda transformación que sufrió en época medieval, dificulta el trabajo de rastrear cómo era la distribución del asentamiento que presenta cuestiones muy interesantes en cuanto a la orientación de algunas de sus salas más nobles o en la amplitud del peristilo. Por ello, tras un repaso de las investigaciones practicadas en el yacimiento y el análisis de sus restos constructivos, se hará un análisis comparativo con otros enclaves del valle del Ebro de La Rioja, Navarra y Aragón y también del Alto Duero, en la provincia de Soria, buscando un acercamiento a cómo era Velilla de Aracanta en los tiempos del Bajoimperio.
NUTRITION AND FRAILTY
Authors: DONINI L.M.
Published: July 2021

Aging can be defined as a process of advancing frailty due to a progressive reduction of functional reserves of organs and systems. It is characterized by a continuous reduction of homeostatic capacity, in particular in response to internal and external cues, leading to a consequent increase in morbidity and mortality.
FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS AND ADIPOKINES IN HIV-INFECTED OLDER ADULTS
Authors: SHAH K.N. , MAJEED Z. , YANG H. , GUIDO J.J. , HILTON T.N. , POLESSKAYA O. , HALL W.J. , LUQUE A.E.
Published: July 2021

Background: There is a significant increase in the number of HIV-infected older adults (HOA). This population may experience functional decline at a much younger age. Little is known about the relationship between functional limitations and systemic adipokines in HOA. Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between functional limitations and systemic adipokine levels in HOA population. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Academic hospital-based infectious disease clinic. Participants: The study investigated community-dwelling HIV-infected adults >50 years old and compared this group with age, gender and BMI comparable healthy controls. Measurements: We measured functional status, body composition and plasma concentrations of adipokines. Results: Fifty-four HOA were studied (mean: age 57 years, BMI 29 kg/m2, CD4 604, duration of HIV 17 years) and compared with thirty-two age, gender and BMI comparable healthy controls. The HOA group showed significantly higher functional limitations compared to the age, gender and BMI comparable controls (p<0.05). Levels of adipokines were significantly different between the two groups (p<0.05). Multiple regression analyses indicated that adiponectin and visfatin were significantly correlated with several physical function measures after controlling for age, sex, and metabolic comorbidities. Adiponectin was negatively correlated with functional limitations, and this relationship was stronger in the control group compared to the HOA group. Conversely, visfatin was positively correlated with functional limitations only in the HOA group. Conclusion: HOA have significant functional limitations and alteration in adipokine levels compared to controls. Adiponectin and visfatin were associated with functional limitations. Visfatin was a correlate of physical function only in the HOA group. Prospective longitudinal studies could provide further insight on the role of adipokines in HIV-related functional decline.
25-OH-VITAMIN D IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE AMONG MEXICAN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER PERSONS
Authors: NAVARRETE-REYES A.P. , GARCÍA-MUÑOZ I. , GARCÍA-LARA J.M.A. , TORRES-CARRILLO N.M. , AMIEVA H. , AVILA-FUNES J.A.
Published: July 2021

Background: Low cognitive performance has been associated with a wide array of adverse health-related outcomes in elderly populations. Recently, the effect of vitamin D on cognition has been studied; however, its benefits are still controversial. Moreover, most studies have been carried out on North-American and European populations where vitamin D deficiency could represent a greater public-health issue when compared to Latin American ones. Objective: To investigate the association between 25-OH-vitamin D and cognitive performance in Mexican community-dwelling elderly. Design, Setting and Participants: Cross-sectional study sample of 331 community-dwelling elderly aged 70 and older, participating in the Mexican Study of Nutritional and Psychosocial Markers of Frailty. Measurements: Serum 25-OH-vitamin D, cognitive performance as per the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the IST (Isaacs Set Test), as well as several elements from the comprehensive geriatric assessment. Results: Mean age of participants was 79.3 years (SD 5.9), 54.1% were women. The mean serum 25-OH-vitamin D level was 59.0 (SD 23.3) nmol/L while mean MMSE score was 22.3 (SD 3.4) and mean IST score was 37.1 (SD 9.1). Although 25-OH-vitamin D levels were lower across all the definitions of low cognitive perfomance, the difference between groups was not statistically significant in any of them. Conclusion: No association between 25-OH-vitamin D level and cognitive performance was found in this population of Mexican community-dwelling elderly. Further investigation is required in order to clarify its existence and if so, to delineate its characteristics.
NUTRITION AND FRAILTY: A REVIEW OF CLINICAL INTERVENTION STUDIES
Authors: MANAL B. , SUZANA S. , SINGH D.K.A.
Published: July 2021

Frailty is one of the major health concerns in aging. It is considered a geriatric syndrome characterized by muscle weakness, sarcopenia and fatigue. It is also associated with several adverse health outcomes, including disability. Literature shows that there are a number of studies conducted to define the relationship between frailty and nutrition. The majority is from cross sectional, longitudinal, and cohort studies. Few intervention studies using micronutrients, macronutrients, nutritional supplement, or food regimens have been found. This review examines the nutrition intervention studies targeted towards older adults with frailty, and evaluates the effectiveness of nutrition interventions on frailty indicators. Twenty-four intervention studies from six electronic databases met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen were randomized controlled clinical trials; one was a quasi-experimental design, whilst the rest were controlled trials. Participants included in the studies differed in terms of age and frailty status. The studies were inconsistent in intervention type, duration, and targeted outcomes. Most of the studies indicated that modification of nutrition quality, either by giving supplements or by improving diet intake, could improve strength, walking speed, and nutritional status in majority of frail or pre-frail older adults. However, there was limited evidence on the effectiveness of intervention on inflammatory status and other biomarkers related to frailty due to limited number of studies targeting frailty biomarkers as a major outcome.
FRAILTY AND NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES – A STEP AHEAD
Authors: KELAIDITI E.
Published: July 2021

Dependence and disability are almost inevitable consequences of population aging. As these conditions are considered irreversible, a growing interest has been directed towards the identification of related conditions that are still amenable to preventive interventions. In this context, frailty has attracted an increasing scientific interest. Frailty is characterized by decreased homeostatic reserves and diminished resistance to stressors. The frail elderly constitutes a complex population in terms of assessment, monitoring, adherence to recommendations, and follow-up. The use of novel technologies may be considerably helpful for both clinical and research purposes. In particular, technologies may support interventions preventing disability, improving the quality of life, and enhancing the wellbeing of frail people. Traditional assessment instruments can be complemented or replaced by mobile devices measuring and monitoring frailty domains (e.g., physical performance, cognitive function, physical activity, nutritional status). Novel technologies have indeed the potential to benefit, assess, monitor, and support frail older people to live independently and improve their quality of life
A Potential Oncogenic Role for PFKFB3 Overexpression in Gastric Cancer Progression
Authors: Lei Lan , Hong Lian-Lian , Ling Zhe-Nan , Zhong Yi , Hu Xuan-Yu , Li Pei , Ling Zhi-Qiang
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES:

PFKFB3 regulates glycolysis in tumor cells, might function as an oncogene, and is associated with cancer metastasis. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unknown.

METHODS:

PFKFB3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in GC tissues and paired paracancerous histological normal tissues (PCHNTs). The associations of PFKFB3 expression with clinical features and HIF-1α, Ki-67, E-cadherin, Snail, and Vimentin expression levels were assessed. A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to investigate the effects of PFKFB3 on the growth, migration, and invasion of GC cells.

RESULTS:

We found that PFKFB3 expression was significantly higher in GC tissues compared with PCHNTs (P = 0.000). PFKFB3 expression was positively correlated with tumor size (P = 0.000), differentiation (P = 0.025), venous invasion (P = 0.084), nerve invasion (P = 0.014), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.000), local invasion (P = 0.000), invasive depth (P = 0.000), nodal metastasis (P = 0.000), tumor-node-metastasis stage (P = 0.000), and patient survival (P = 0.000). Notably, PFKFB3 upregulation was highly correlated with increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC samples. PFKFB3 overexpression positively modulated cell proliferation, migration, and EMT in GC cells in vitro, with concomitant activation of NF-κB signaling. Administration of an NF-κB inhibitor attenuated PFKFB3-induced EMT in GC cells. PFKFB3 overexpression promoted tumor development and EMT in nude mice, which were attenuated by PFK-15, a PFKFB3 inhibitor.

DISCUSSION:

PFKFB3 could potentiate malignancy in GC cells through NF-κB pathway–mediated EMT, suggesting PFKFB3 represents a potential target for GC therapy.
Safety of Endoscopy in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Kim Joon Sung , Jung Eunha , Kang Sun Hyung , Ji Jeong-Seon , Cho Yu Kyung , Lee Bo-In , Cho Young-Seok , Kim Byung-Wook , Choi Hwang , Jeong Hyun Yong , Choi Myung-Gyu , Park Jae Myung
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Endoscopic procedures can provoke peritonitis in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). The aim of this study was to assess the development of peritonitis after endoscopic procedures in PD patients.

METHODS:

We retrospectively reviewed the data from PD patients who underwent endoscopies in 3 tertiary hospitals between 2008 and 2018. The patients were grouped into nonprophylactic, prophylactic, and prior antibiotic therapy groups. The incidence of peritonitis within 7 days of endoscopy was assessed. We also examined the factors associated with peritonitis.

RESULTS:

There were 1,316 endoscopies performed in 570 PD patients. The peritonitis rate after endoscopy was 3.0%. Specifically, the peritonitis rate was 1.8% for esophagogastroduodenoscopies, 4.2% for the colonoscopy group, and 5.3% for the sigmoidoscopy group. The prior antibiotic therapy group showed a significantly higher risk of peritonitis (odds ratio = 4.6; 95% confidence interval: 2.2–9.6; P < 0.01). Prophylactic antibiotics were not associated with reducing peritonitis. Therapeutic colonoscopies such as polypectomy were associated with an increased risk of developing peritonitis (odds ratio = 6.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.6–25.9). However, biopsies were not associated with an increased risk of peritonitis.

DISCUSSION:

Prophylactic antibiotics did not reduce the risk of peritonitis after endoscopy in PD patients. Therapeutic colonoscopies such as polypectomy and prior antibiotic therapy before endoscopy were associated with an increased risk of peritonitis.
Educação como Prática de Liberdade
Authors: Rocha Ricael Spirandeli
Published: July 2021

A presente resenha destaca pensamentos e ideias da obra Educação como Prática de Liberdade, escrita em 1967 pelo educador e filósofo Paulo Freire, considerado o patrono da educação brasileira. Freire apresenta o método de conscientização inserido na alfabetização de adultos que o educador adotou, não foi uma repetição pedagógica ou a entrega de um conjunto de letras e sim, uma alfabetização que havia cultura, poesia, criação, diálogo, criticidade e consciência, com o intuito de realizar a transformação libertadora que o autor sempre acreditou. Além disso, a obra destaca toda opressão que singulariza as massas, sabiamente compreendia a necessidade de encontrar com os oprimidos, emergir a criticidade que cada um deveria despertar em si, proveniente da educação. Desse modo, Freire apostou em uma educação que despertasse a reflexão do homem, que trouxesse a conscientização do ser e libertasse de forma integral suas ações para uma sociedade aberta a partir de uma alfabetização que transforma a vida daquele que outrora não conhecia o universo pedagógico, assumindo assim, sua realidade, essência e existência social a partir da Educação de Adultos, que buscou a reduzir drasticamente o analfabetismo.
TESTES COMPORTAMENTAIS EM ROEDORES PARA O ESTUDO DO TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Authors: Viana Caroline de Oliveira , Felismino Maria Fernanda Mendes , Dutra Luana Letícia Alves , Bachur Tatiana Paschoalette Rodrigues , Aragão Gislei Frota
Published: July 2021

O transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento cujas alterações comportamentais podem ser investigadas por meio de modelos animais de TEA e pela realização  de testes comportamentais para avaliação das alterações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os modelos comportamentais animais que têm sido utilizados para o estudo do TEA e a correlação desses modelos com o comportamento humano no TEA. Para esta pesquisa bibliográfica, foi conduzida uma busca nas bases de dados Medline, Web of Science e Clinical Key, no período de junho a setembro de 2019, por artigos científicos na temática de estudo, sendo selecionados artigos publicados entre os anos de 2006 e 2019. No estudo experimental do TEA, são conduzidos testes comportamentais em animais considerando as características clínicas e manifestações do transtorno. Estes modelos experimentais são utilizados para a avaliação do potencial indutor de substâncias para o desenvolvimento do TEA, como para a avaliação de potenciais fármacos ou terapias não farmacológicas para o tratamento do transtorno. Os testes mais comumente utilizados são: teste de campo aberto, teste de enterramento de esferas de vidro, teste de interação social, teste do comportamento repetitivo de autolimpeza, teste do labirinto em cruz elevado, teste de habituação olfativa e odores sociais e teste claro-escuro. Reitera-se a importância desses testes em modelos in vivo de estudo do TEA, possibilitando uma maior compreensão das alterações comportamentais e um melhor entendimento desse transtorno.
SEGURANÇA DA RISPERIDONA EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Authors: Neves Kelly Rose Tavares , Albuquerque Isabelle Magalhães , Xavier Emanuel Lucas Pinheiro , Martins Sophia de Oliveira , Aragão Gislei Frota
Published: July 2021

O transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) é um distúrbio de desenvolvimento neurológico, apresentando comprometimentos de ordem sócio, comunicativa e comportamental. A risperidona é um medicamento antipsicótico que tem sido usado para alívio dos sintomas e melhoria comportamental do TEA, no entanto,vários efeitos adversos foram identificados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os efeitos adversos da risperidona especificamente em indivíduos com TEA. Foram realizadas buscas abrangentes nas bases de dados MedLine, PsycInfo e Science Direct, utilizando os descritores: “Autism Spectrum Disorder”, “Risperidone” e “Drug Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions”. Por meio desta busca foram selecionados 29 artigos, publicados entre 2000 e 2019. Os resultados mostraram uma heterogeneidade de reações adversas, sendo as mais prevalentes: aumento de apetite e ganho de peso, sonolência, hiperprolactinemia, sintomas gastrointestinais, taquicardia e efeitos extrapiramidais. A maioria delas apresenta grau leve ou moderado e bem gerenciável. Entretanto, estudos mais recentes indicam que existem características do autismo que podem influenciar a resposta à risperidona e elevar o risco de surgimento de reações adversas, principalmente ligadas aos polimorfismos genéticos, ao compartilhamento de condições médicas concomitantes, às interações medicamentosas, entre outros. Dessa forma, considerando a complexidade do TEA e a vulnerabilidade de crianças e jovens autistas, esse medicamento deve ser usado com cautela nessa população, com prévia triagem, acompanhamento dos fatores de risco e monitoramento do uso, em especial quando for necessário uso prolongado.
CUIDADO FARMACÊUTICO: REVISÃO DA FARMACOTERAPIA DE USUÁRIOS DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: Silva Samantha Mayara de Sousa , Silva Clarissa Oliveira Lima , De Farias Livia Beatriz Nunes , Silva Palloma de Araujo , Ferreira Helena Kelly Santos , Da Silva Bianca Pontes , Pessoa Yasmin Henrique , Arruda Larissa Santos , Portela Alyne da Silva , Dos Santos Romulo Moreira , De Farias Leal Adriana Amorim
Published: July 2021

Os serviços farmacêuticos envolvem atividades clínico-assistenciais, sobretudo voltadas ao cuidado em saúde, devendo comprometer-se com o apoio direto ao usuário e com a obtenção de resultados em saúde, especialmente os relacionados à farmacoterapia. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do estudo foi revisar a farmacoterapia dos usuários da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Foi realizado um estudo seccional, com abordagem quantitativa e descritiva dos dados. O estudo foi desenvolvido no período de setembro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019, nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do município de Campina Grande, PB, Brasil. As variáveis do estudo foram classificadas em demográficas e socioeconômicas, clínicas e relacionadas à farmacoterapia, as quais foram coletadas por meio de um questionário estruturado. Dos usuários observados, a média de idade foi de 50 anos. Na avaliação da farmacoterapia, as classes de medicamentos mais utilizadas foram dos anti-hipertensivos e hipoglicemiantes, devido ao perfil de morbidade relacionada às doenças crônicas. Houve uma frequência de 19,8% de ocorrência de interações medicamentosas entre os usuários, sendo algumas de intensidade grave, revelando insegurança da farmacoterapia, apesar da elevada adesão quando questionados sobre o uso. Apesar dessas limitações, a pesquisa apresentou contribuições importantes para o serviço e aos profissionais de saúde, como a integração do profissional farmacêutico às equipes de saúde da família na atenção básica, e a possibilidade de oferta do serviço de revisão da farmacoterapia aos usuários, observando as dimensões de necessidade, adesão, efetividade e segurança dos medicamentos em uso.
Distribución espacial de muérdago enano en la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca
Authors: Ramírez Dávila José Francisco , Martínez Martínez Nancy , Lara Vázquez Fidel , Figueroa Figueroa Dulce Karen
Published: July 2021

El género Arceuthobium son plantas parásitas de gran impacto ecológico al ocasionar la pérdida de especies forestales; con ello, se ve afectado el hábitat de la mariposa monarca. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la distribución espacial de muérdago enano en Pinus pseudostrobus, mediante el uso de técnicas de estadística espacial (SADIE y Geoestadística), en 12 parcelas de 4 hectáreas del Santuario Piedra Herrada, ubicado en el Estado de México. Con el Índice SADIE se determinó la distribución espacial; para el caso de la Geoestadística se elaboraron semivariogramas y mapas de distribución espacial, y se realizó la estimación la superficie infestada. Los resultados mostraron que el muérdago presenta una distribución agregada, ajustándose a modelos estadísticos esféricos y gaussianos. Las infestaciones no se distribuyen en el 100 % debido a que no presenta una infestación uniforme dentro de las parcelas, lo que permitirá dirigir medidas de control en áreas con mayor infestación.
Detection of adulteration of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn. with Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. by pharmacognostic, molecular DNA fingerprinting by RAPD, chemical and HPTLC studies
Authors: Sujith Thatipelli , Susikumar S , Sunilkumar Koppala Narayana , Radha P , Shakila Ramachandran , Gopinath P
Published: July 2021

Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. (Apocynaceae) root is extensively used in Indian traditional systems due to its biological activities. Decalepis hemiltonii Wight & Arn. is another member from the same family resembling H. indicus and is adulterated in the herbal market. Aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the distinguishing features based on macroscopy, microscopy, powder microscopy, molecular differences in the genomic DNA by RAPD, physiochemical, phytochemical screening, TLC and HPTLC fingerprint profiling of successive extracts. Microscopically cork, cortex, phloem, xylem, medullary rays and pith; powder microscopically size and shape of the cork cells, fibre, fibre tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma cells were different from each other. Polymorphism (75.4 %) was found in eight primers out of 16 primers analyzed. The water soluble extractive and the hexane soluble extractive of D. hamiltonii was higher than H. indicus. Tannins, flavonoids, steroids and coumarins were present only in H. indicus and absent in D. hamiltonii. After derivatization, spots at Rf 0.88 (hexane extract), 0.81 (chloroform extract) and 0.55 (ethanol extract) in H. indicus; spots at Rf 0.22, 0.45 (chloroform extract), 0.19, 0.35, 0.58, 0.59 (ethanol extract) in D. hamiltonii were observed. This study will be helpful to find out adulteration of D. hemiltonii in place of H. indicus sold in the crude drug market and in herbal formulations.
Qualitative analysis of Apis mellifera L. honey in an ecotone area in the Bahian semiarid
Authors: Reis Hélio Souza dos , Araújo Stephanie Oliveira , Lima Luciene Cristina Lima e , Magalhães e Silva Francisco Hilder , Diogo Ivan Jeferson Sampaio , Saba Marileide Dias
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to identify the pollen types of 11 honey samples produced in apiaries of two cities in the State of Bahia, Brazil: Antônio Gonçalves (five samples) and Campo Formoso (six samples); to verify richness and diversity from each apiary and to compare the similarity among them. The samples were obtained from beekeepers according to the period of production and availability. The palynological analysis of these samples followed the standard procedures of melissopalynology with the use of acetolysis. The pollen types occurring in the honey samples were identified and at least 1,000 pollen grains per sample were counted to determine the frequency classes and the frequency of occurrence. Overall, 147 pollen types were detected, of which 143 are distributed in 35 botanical families. The most representative families concerning the number of pollen types were: Fabaceae (33), Asteraceae (18), Euphorbiaceae (11), Anacardiaceae and Malvaceae (09 types each), Rubiaceae (08) and Myrtaceae (07). The average value of pollen types per sample was 28.18. The genus that contributed the most was Mimosa L. (Fabaceae) with eight pollen types detected. The wealth of pollen types found revealed important information about the local flora which is explored by Apis mellifera. Therefore, it becomes an important tool to assist in the preservation and propagation of these plants and, consequently, increasing honey production.
Perfil fitoquímico e atividade antioxidante de flores e frutos de Pereskia aculeata Miller
Authors: Moraes Thiago Vieira de , Montenegro Júlia , Marques Thaisa Santos , Evangelista Leonardo Max , Rocha Cristiane Barbosa , Teodoro Anderson Junger , Kato Lucilia , Moreira Ricardo Felipe Alves
Published: July 2021

Dentre a diversidade de espécies de plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANC), a Pereskia aculeata Miller, conhecida popularmente como ora-pro-nóbis (OPN), está sendo consumida cada vez mais no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade antioxidante e a composição das frações volátil e não volátil das flores e frutos de OPN. A fração volátil foi isolada por hidrodestilação e por extração em fase sólida e caracterizada por CG/EM e CG/DIC. Extratos aquosos obtidos das amostras foram avaliados quanto ao teor total de compostos fenólicos (Folin-Ciocalteu) e à atividade antioxidante (DPPH, FRAP e ORAC). A identificação dos ácidos fenólicos, flavonoides e alcaloides presentes nessas matrizes foi conduzida por CLAE/EMAR. Foram identificados um total de vinte e oito compostos voláteis nas amostras. O ácido hexadecanóico e o escaleno foram os únicos compostos detectados em todas as frações voláteis. O ácido hexadecanóico, linoleico, oleico e o fitol se destacaram quantitativamente. O β-linalol, α-terpineol, β-farneseno e trans-nerolidol têm potencial para influenciar o aroma da FF. No que diz respeito à fração não volátil, foram identificados 17 compostos (fenólicos e alcaloides) no FV e 11 na FF. A FF, entretanto, apresentou maior potencial antioxidante do que os frutos, o que pode ser explicado pela concentração desses compostos durante o processo de secagem dessas flores. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro estudo sobre o perfil fitoquímico e a atividade antioxidante das flores da Pereskia aculeata Miller, além de apresentar dados inéditos sobre o perfil de voláteis dos frutos desta espécie.
Appok használata a gyermekvédelemben a fiatalok támogatására
Authors: Rácz Andrea , Bulyáki Tünde
Published: July 2021

Tanulmányunkban két applikációt mutatunk be, melyek elsősorban a gyermekjóléti alapellátásban és gyermekvédelmi szakellátásban érintett gyermekek és fiatalok számára készültek hazánkban. A Youngo applikáció az önálló éltere való felkészülést célozza, az Asszerteen pedig az asszertív kommunikációt segíti elő a tinédzserek számára. Minkét applikáció fejlesztését, megtervezését fiatalokkal és velük dolgozó szakemberekkel készült kutatómunka előzte meg. Az itt megfogalmazott igények, vélemények a fejlesztés és kivitelezés, majd a tesztelés szakaszában is irányadók a fejlesztők számára.