bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Covalently Anchoring an Ultrathin Conformal SiOx Coating on Polyolefin Separator for Enhanced Lithium Metal Battery Performance
Authors: Zhang Yulin , Lu Jianhao , Jin Zhaoqing , Xie Xintai , Wei Lei , Li Pengfei , Zhao Yao , Zhao Jiachang , Xu Caihong , Wang Weikun , Zhang Zongbo
Published: November 2024

Surface modification of separators with inorganic oxide ceramics such as SiOx, Al2O3, and TiO2 has emerged as a promising strategy to suppress lithium dendrite growth in lithium metal batteries, thereby enhancing safety and extending battery life. However, the binder‐dependent nature of these modifications often leads to increased separator thickness and a heightened risk of detachment during lithium plating, ultimately compromising both battery performance and energy density. In this study, a conformal, ultrathin (≈20 nm) SiOx coating with strong covalent bonding is grown on a porous separator through a liquid polymer‐derived method. Compared to the pristine polyethylene (PE) separators, this SiOx‐co‐PE separator exhibits significantly improved electrolyte wettability, mechanical strength, and thermal stability without any increase in thickness, leading to vastly enhanced cycling stability and dendrite resistance in cells with Li metal anodes. In a practical demonstration, a 402.9 Wh·kg−1 Li‐S pouch cell, with a high sulfur loading of 9 mg cm−2 and a low E/S ratio of 3.3 µL mg−1, is assembled with the SiOx‐co‐PE separator, achieving stable cycling over 70 cycles at 25 °C.
Soft‐Actuated Cuff Electrodes with Minimal Contact for Bidirectional Peripheral Interfaces
Authors: Moon Hyunmin , Park Byungwook , Chou Namsun , Park Ki‐Su , Lee Sanghoon , Kim Sohee
Published: November 2024

Neural interfaces with embedded electrical functions, such as cuff electrodes, are essential for monitoring and stimulating peripheral nerves. Still, several challenges remain with cuff electrodes because sutured devices can damage the nerve by high pressure and the secured contact of electrodes with the nerve is hard to accomplish, which however is essential in maintaining electrical performance. Here, a sutureless soft‐actuated cuff electrodes (SACE) that can envelop the nerve conveniently by creating a bent shape controlled upon fluid injection, is introduced. Moreover, fluid injection protrudes part of the device where electrodes are formed, thereby achieving minimized, soft but secure contact between the electrodes and the nerve. In vivo results demonstrate the successful recording and stimulation of peripheral nerves over time up to 6 weeks. While securing contact with the nerve, the implanted electrodes can preserve the nerve intact with no reduction in blood flow, thereby indicating only minimal compressive force applied to the nerve. The SACE is expected to be a promising tool for recording and stimulation of peripheral nerves toward bidirectional neuroprostheses.
Synergetic Modulation of Electronic Properties of Cobalt Oxide via “Tb” Single Atom for Uphill Urea and Water Electrolysis
Authors: Ajmal Sara , Rasheed Aamir , Sheng Wenxiang , Dastgeer Ghulam , Nguyen Quynh Anh T. , Wang Peihong , Chen Ping , Liu Shoujie , Bui Viet Q. , Zhu Manzhou , Li Peng , Wang Dingsheng
Published: November 2024

Exploring single‐atom (SA) catalysts in hybrid urea‐assisted water electrolysis offers a viable alternative to both Hydrogen (H2) generation and polluted water treatment. However, the unfavorable electronic stabilization, low SA content, intrinsically slow kinetics, and imbalanced adsorption‐desorption steps are the bottleneck for its scale‐up implementation. Herein, a rare‐earth Terbium single atom (TbSA) is topologically stabilized on defect‐rich Co3O4 (TbSA@d‐Co3O4) by Tb─O co‐ordination for urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and H2 evolution reaction (HER). Benefitting from the strong TbSA interaction with the d‐Co3O4, the TbSA@d‐Co3O4 achieves a 10 mA cm−2 current density at 1.27 V and −35 mV for UOR and HER, respectively. Remarkably, when TbSA@d‐Co3O4 is applied as a bi‐functional catalyst in a two‐electrode system, it merely requires 1.22 V to acquire 10 mA cm−2 with excellent operational stability for 100 h. The hybrid electrolyzer can be successfully empowered by the triboelectric nanogenerator, AA battery, and solar panel with a nominal potential of 1.5 V. The mechanistic investigation predicts “TbSA” insertion in d‐Co3O4 lowered the potential determining step, attributed to balanced reaction energetics for adsorption‐desorption of intermediates and favorable charge transfer characteristics for UOR. This work offers a new paradigm to explore the catalytic properties of rare‐earth “f‐block” elements to create advanced electrocatalysts via structural modulation.
Natural Plant Fiber‐Based Materials for Packaging Applications – A Review of Recent Innovations and Developments
Authors: Zhang Zicong , Hao Fayi , Hu Dan , Liu Weili , Chen Xingyu
Published: November 2024

Natural plant fiber‐based packaging materials emerges as sustainable alternatives to conventional plastic and non‐biodegradable packaging. This paper presents an extensive review of the current technological status quo and commercial applications of natural plant fiber‐based packaging such as fiber‐based foams, molded pulp packaging, fiber‐based bottles, fiber‐based flexible packaging, fiber‐based blister packaging and stretchable paper. It focuses on the manufacturing processes and newest technology advancement of environmentally sustainable materials, meanwhile, the currently industry‐leading, cutting‐edge commercial products also are discussed. In conclusion, the paper advocates for the pivotal role natural plant fiber‐based packaging plays in transforming the packaging industry, addressing waste reduction, resource conservation, and climate change. It encourages the wider adoption of these materials while acknowledging the complexities involved and the need for continuous research and development to ensure their viability and effectiveness in meeting stringent packaging requirements.
A Microfluidic Multiplex Sorter for Strain Development
Authors: Leal‐Alves Chiara , Dumont Sebastien , Deng Zhiyang , Alkhaldi Sarah , Leung Ziuwin , Oeser Michelle , Shih Steve C. C.
Published: November 2024

Selecting strains with superior traits from strain improvement strategies is challenging, as it involves navigating the fitness landscape by applying selective pressures that drive variants from peaks of improvement to valleys over time. In recent years, the screening and selection is conducted via droplet microfluidic methods due to its high throughput capabilities. However, the oft‐used binary strategy, targeting only the high levels of improved traits, may not reflect the overall enhancement. A multiplexed sorting method capable of applying an additional threshold to sort traits by phenotypic strength is reported. The novel approach uses a droplet‐digital microfluidic sorter to screen different volumes of droplets using the same device design and sorting parameters. This method is used to sort glucoamylase enzyme mutants with two levels of activity (medium and high) from libraries of diastatic yeast that have been mutated with non‐genetically modified techniques. Using the multiplex system, medium‐performing strains with enhanced (up to 60%) fermentation kinetics in synthetic beverage media, which would have been missed with a binary screening approach, are identified. The multiplex sorting strategy efficiently finds strains with superior fermentation traits in the fitness landscape without requiring extensive screening rounds and mutations.
Biodegradable and Implantable Triboelectric Nanogenerator Improved by β‐Lactoglobulin Fibrils‐Assisted Flexible PVA Porous Film
Authors: Quan Yichang , Wang Engui , Ouyang Han , Xu Lingling , Jiang Lu , Teng Lijing , Li Jiaxuan , Luo Lin , Wu Xujie , Zeng Zhu , Li Zhou , Zheng Qiang
Published: November 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are highly promising as implantable, degradable energy sources and self‐powered sensors. However, the degradable triboelectric materials are often limited in terms of contact electrification and mechanical properties. Here, a bio‐macromolecule‐assisted toughening strategy for PVA aerogel‐based triboelectric materials is proposed. By introducing β‐lactoglobulin fibrils (BF) into the PVA aerogel network, the material's mechanical properties while preserving its swelling resistance is significantly enhanced. Compared to pure PVA porous film, the BF‐PVA porous film exhibits an eightfold increase in fracture strength (from 1.92 to 15.48 J) and a fourfold increase in flexibility (from 10.956 to 39.36 MPa). Additionally, the electrical output of BF‐PVA in triboelectric performance tests increased nearly fivefold (from 45 to 203 V). Leveraging these enhanced properties, a biodegradable TENG (bi‐TENG) for implantable muscle activity sensing is developed, achieving real‐time monitoring of neuromuscular processes. This innovation holds significant potential for advancing implantable medical devices and promoting new applications in bio‐integrated electronics.
Identification of risk factors for postoperative complications after right colectomy and low anterior resection in patients ≥85 years old with colorectal cancer using the National Clinical Database
Authors: Akagi Tomonori , Nishimura Shiori , Ueda Yoshitake , Inomata Masafumi , Shiroshita Hidefumi , Takiguchi Shuji , Sakai Yoshiharu , Kumamaru Hiraku , Ueno Hideki , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: November 2024

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors associated with surgical outcomes and postoperative complications (Grade ≥3 by Clavien–Dindo classification) of right hemicolectomy (RH) and low anterior resection (LAR) for colorectal cancer in patients ≥85 years old.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed National Clinical Database (NCD) data on patients aged ≥85 years who underwent RH and LAR for colorectal cancer between 2017 and 2020. All possible preoperative factors were used to explore the risk factors for serious postoperative complication in these very elderly patients with colorectal cancer.

Results

For RH, the operative mortality rate was 1.1% (98 cases), and the rate of serious postoperative complications was 5.2% (480 cases). Similarly, the mortality rate was 1.1% (27 cases), and the rate of serious complications (Clavien–Dindo Grade ≥3) was 8.7% (206 cases) for LAR. Based on multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for serious postoperative complications were male sex, ADL (partially dependent), hypertension, platelets (<150 000/μL), serum Na (<138 mEq/L), and PT‐INR (>1.1) for RH, and ASA‐PS (Grade ≥3), history of pneumonia, creatinine (>1.2 mg/day), and serum Na (<138 mEq/L) for LAR.

Conclusions

The present results for RH and LAR suggest that surgical treatment for patients aged ≥85 years old is safe and feasible. Surgeons need to pay special attention more to physical status and past medical history than to tumor factors to prevent serious postoperative complications in these older patients with colorectal cancer.
Machine Learning‐Driven Extraction of Hybrid Compact Models Integrating Neural Networks and Berkeley Short‐Channel Insulated‐Gate Field‐Effect Transistor Model‐Common Multigate for Multidevice Applications
Authors: Eom Seungjoon , Lee Seunghwan , Yun Hyeok , Cho Kyeongrae , Kim Soomin , Baek Rockhyun
Published: November 2024

Conventional techniques for extracting physics‐based model parameters are inherently slow processes and often yield less accurate model parameters because of the inflexibility of physical equations. This study presents a novel machine learning–based method to accelerate and enhance the accuracy of compact model generation for multiple devices simultaneously. By integrating a Berkeley short‐channel Insulated‐Gate Field‐Effect Transistor (IGFET) model‐common multigate (BSIM) model with an error‐correction neural network, the proposed approach refines predictions for critical electrical behaviors such as drain current and gate capacitance. Extraction networks dynamically optimize parameter sets for both models, eliminating manual tuning and reducing the need for separate training for each device. The method was validated using TCAD‐simulated 3 nm nanosheet field‐effect transistors devices, achieving a mean absolute percentage error of 1.8% for drain current, 2.8% for transconductance, 8.5% for output conductance, and 0.4% for capacitances. Compared with the BSIM model alone, error reductions of 75, 70, 39, 85, and 81%, respectively, were achieved. This approach showed significant error reductions compared to the BSIM model alone and demonstrated robust performance across devices with variations, proving its effectiveness for large‐scale applications.
Hailey‐Hailey Disease Caused by a Novel Deep Intronic Variant in ATP2C1
Authors: Blechingberg Jenny , Terkelsen Thorkild , Jensen Uffe Birk , Rønholt Kirsten , Sommerlund Mette , Vinter Hanne , Graversen Lise
Published: November 2024

Hailey‐Hailey disease (OMIM#169600) is an autosomal dominantly inherited genodermatosis characterized by erosions in the flexural areas of the body. Hailey‐Hailey disease is caused by variants in ATP2C1, but for ~10% of the patients, no causative variant is found in the coding region of ATP2C1. We aimed to determine the genetic cause of Hailey‐Hailey disease in a family without a variant in the coding areas of ATP2C1. By genome sequencing and analysis of all exon and intron sequences of ATP2C1, we identified the variant c.532‐560 T>G (NM_014382.5) in intron 7 of ATP2C1. The variant is predicted by in silico tools to create a new deep intronic donor splice site. Segregation analysis detected the variant in the three affected family members. RNA sequencing confirmed that the variant creates a new deep intronic donor splice site that gives rise to an alternative exon. The identified deep‐intronic variant in ATP2C1 is the likely cause of Hailey‐Hailey disease. This is to our knowledge the first report of a deep‐intronic variant as the cause of Hailey‐Hailey disease, which shows that the analysis of the intronic sequences of ATP2C1 could increase the genetic diagnostic yield for Hailey‐Hailey disease patients.
Middle Pleistocene teeth from Arbreda Cave (Serinyà, northeastern Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Lozano Marina , Soler Joaquim , López‐Onaindia Diego , Solés Alba , Julià Ramon , Ceperuelo Dolors , Lorenzo Carlos , Soler Narcís
Published: November 2024

Objectives

We report the discovery and description of three human teeth from the Middle Paleolithic archaeological levels of Arbreda Cave (Serinyà, Catalonia, NE Iberian Peninsula).

Materials and Methods

The teeth, two molars (one right dm2 and one right M2) from Level N (older than 120 kyr) and one P3 from Level J (dated between 71 and 44 kyr), were morphologically described based on microCT images and compared with Neanderthal and Homo sapiens specimens.

Results

The teeth belong to a minimum of three individuals: one adult and one infant from Level N and one juvenile from Level J. The premolar from Mousterian Level J, the best preserved of the three teeth, exhibits characteristics to those from our comparative sample of Homo neanderthalensis, such as the crown measurements, EDJ traits, enamel thickness and volume of the pulp cavity.

Discussion

In contrast to the clear Neanderthal characteristics observed in the P3 from Level J, the high degree of dental wear and poor state of preservation precludes definitive taxonomic designations of the two teeth from Level N. However, the crown dimensions and some tissue proportions are consistent with a probable assignation to Homo neanderthalensis. The teeth from Level N come from a context of long and recurrent occupations of the cave, whereas the archaeological context of the tooth from Level J is indicative of short and seasonal occupations of the cave, which may indicate a change in the lifestyle strategies of the last Neanderthals of the Iberian Peninsula.
Thermodynamic analysis and performance optimization on an ultra‐low‐temperature cascade refrigeration system using refrigerants R290 and R170
Authors: Ji Shenrui , Liu Zhan , Li Jiafeng , Wang Tao
Published: November 2024

To meet the strict requirement on whole chain of vaccine production, storage, transportation, and distribution, most researches have been done on cascade refrigeration systems to achieve high operation performance, while a research gap on the performance exploration of eco‐friendly refrigeration systems still exists. In this paper, a comprehensive thermodynamic model was established to analyze the operation performance of a pre‐cooled cascade refrigeration system with eco‐friendly refrigerants propane (R290) and ethane (R170). Based on the present thermodynamic model, the performance optimization on the R290‐R170 cascade refrigerator was made with considerations of degree of subcooling, degree of superheat, evaporation temperature, condensation temperature, cascade condensation temperature, and cascade temperature difference. Variations of the coefficient of performance, exergy destruction, and total exergy efficiency of the refrigeration cycle were analyzed. Two mathematical correlations yielding the optimal cascade condensation temperature and maximized coefficient of performance were developed by multilinear regression analysis. When the evaporation temperature is − 60°C, the maximized coefficient of performance and total exergy efficiency are 1.276 and 49.51%. This paper demonstrates the potential for improving the R290‐R170 cascade refrigeration system and furnishes the basis for further exploration on ultra‐low‐temperature refrigerators.
3D‐Printed Gelatin‐Based Scaffold Crosslinked by Genipin: Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Biological Effect
Authors: Jovanović Marija , Petrović Miloš , Stojanović Dušica , Radulović Nataša , Pantelić Danijel , Stajčić Ivana , Uskoković Petar
Published: November 2024

In this study, scaffolds based on natural polymer gelatin A, blended with polyvinylpyrrolidone were crosslinked by genipin (0.5 and 1 wt%), in order to investigate their mechanical performance and potential for biomedical application. Semi‐solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing technique was used, enabling in situ crosslinking of the blend during processing. Swelling test showed that the swelling ratio reduces with higher concentration of genipin due to an increased crosslinking. The FTIR analysis confirmed the crosslinking of scaffolds by genipin. DSC analysis and mechanical testing have shown improved thermal and mechanical properties. Morphological analysis of scaffolds by FESEM showed increased toughening of the material with the crosslinking. Tensile strength and microhardness showed a significant rise in scaffolds with the increase in genipin content, which was up to 93.8% and 125.3%, respectively. These findings were in accordance with morphological features present in samples. The biological effect of the scaffold matrix system was evaluated by qualitative and quantitative cytotoxicity assessment in vitro, demonstrating the absence of cytotoxicity in tested preparations in a direct test. The cytotoxicity index based on the metabolic activity of cells in an indirect test showed up to 20% reduction of viability compared with the control, confirming the absence of cytotoxicity, which was additionally verified by propidium iodine staining of the cells exposed to scaffolds. The presented gelatin‐based crosslinked scaffolds obtained by 3D printing represent good candidates for biomedical application and future research that includes further in vitro and in vivo analysis.
The history of the US Starch Round Table
Authors: Maningat Clodualdo C. , Jane Jay‐Lin , Seib Paul A. , Shi Yong‐Cheng , Kainuma Keiji
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Starch and other carbohydrates are major products of commerce because of their abundant supply and diverse functionalities. They serve as the principal source of dietary energy for humans and animals and perform various functions in many food and nonfood products. Fundamental studies of their composition, structure, and properties led to practical applications and ultimately to their commercial development to serve the food and industrial sectors.

Findings

This paper provides a historical account of the US Starch Round Table, a scientific gathering of international scientists and researchers to discuss “cutting‐edge” research on starch and other carbohydrates. From its early beginning in 1940 to the present time, the Starch Round Table played a crucial role in advancing our knowledge of starch and other carbohydrates.

Conclusions

The concept of the Starch Round Table facilitated discovery, innovation, and progress in the field of carbohydrates with an emphasis on starch. From its genesis in the United States, its popularity has spread to other regions like Japan and Europe, which have been holding a similar event since 1961 and 2010, respectively.

Significance and Novelty

New knowledge was discovered, practical applications were achieved, and successful collaboration among starch and carbohydrate scientists across the globe was made possible through this biennial round table event. Commercial development of starch and other carbohydrate products has benefited immensely from the extraordinary progress made by brilliant and diligent scientists and researchers, past and present.
Electrochemical Esterification Reaction of Alkyne Aldehyde with Alcohols Mediated by Carbene and Iodine
Authors: Chen Kai‐Wei , Wang Guo‐Ao , Cui Fei‐Hu , Li Shu‐Hui , Pan Ying‐Ming , Tang Hai‐Tao
Published: November 2024

A new type of alkyne esterification was developed under electrochemical conditions using alkyne aldehydes and alcohol compounds as starting materials and carbene and iodine as mediators. Through this method, external oxidants and transition metals are excluded and the alkyne bond is fully preserved. This approach is compatible with a wide range of substrates and various functional groups and provides a green and mild new route for directly converting alkyne aldehydes into alkyne esters.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of 2,3‐Dihydrofuran to Access α‐Arylated Tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Sun Hao‐Kai , Lu Xi , Fu Yao
Published: November 2024

The α‐arylated tetrahydrofurans, commonly found in biologically active molecules, exhibit diverse biological activities and pharmacological effects. The functionalization of 2,3‐dihydrofuran offers a potential route for the synthesis of substituted tetrahydrofurans. Nevertheless, the development of earth‐abundant metal‐catalyzed regioselective hydrofunctionalization of 2,3‐dihydrofuran for the synthesis of substituted tetrahydrofurans remains to be pursued. Herein, we report a cobalt‐catalyzed hydroarylation of 2,3‐dihydrofuran, which serves as the first example of cobalt hydride‐catalyzed alkene hydroarylation. This reaction provides an efficient method for the synthesis of α‐arylated tetrahydrofurans with high reaction efficiency, exclusive α‐arylation selectivity, and remarkable functional group compatibility.
3D Printable Polymer Electrolytes for Ionic Conduction based on Protic Ionic Liquids
Authors: Lange Alyna , Arwish Sajal , Rensonnet Aurelie , Elamin Khalid , Abdurrokhman Iqbaal , Wojnarowska Zaneta , Rosenwinkel Mark , Malherbe Cedric , Schönhoff Monika , Zehbe Kerstin , Taubert Andreas
Published: November 2024

A range of protic ionic liquids (PILs) based on tri‐n‐alkylammonium cations and mesylate/triflate anions were incorporated into a polymer matrix to form ionogels (IGs). These systems were investigated for their thermal and electrochemical behaviour, as well as under the aspect of ion motion via PFG‐NMR. The ionic conductivities of the ILs/IGs are in the range of 10−4–10−3 S/cm−1 at elevated temperatures and the diffusion coefficients are around 10−11 m2 s−1. Successful 3D printing of an IG with 70 wt % of IL is possible via stereolithography approaches, opening up applications in, e. g., structured ion‐conductive membranes.
Threats to youth from cannabis industry and profits: NIDA
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2024

Nora Volkow, M.D., director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), called out the profit‐driven cannabis, tobacco, gambling, social media, and processed food industries for their harms to youth. She had some choice words for commercial interests involved in the addiction field in a Sept. 26 blog. Preying on the vulnerable — with drugs, social media, gambling, processed food, and other addictive products — is something she knows how to zone in on as an evil.
The Impact of Modulation Techniques on Brushless DC Motor Drive
Authors: Dwivedi Dhawal , Singh Samarjeet , Kalaiselvi J. , Chinmaya K. A.
Published: November 2024

Three‐phase brushless DC (BLDC) motors are cost‐effective and are increasingly used in various speed control applications. The phase voltage, DC‐bus utilization, current ripple, and torque ripple are major performance parameters for a BLDC motor drive. Different pulse width modulation (PWM) methods will diversely influence these parameters. This paper presents the phase voltage, current ripple, and DC‐bus utilization analysis of BLDC motor drive for four PWM techniques and provides a comparative analysis. The current ripple of the BLDC drive is evaluated with low and high switching frequency operations. Phase voltage and DC‐bus utilization of a BLDC motor are evaluated using analytical methods and validated experimentally. The investigation provided in this work are significant for PWM selection and implementation for low and high switching frequency operations. Both low‐ and high‐frequency operations are performed by supplying the BLDC drive from a silicon carbide (SiC) based inverter. These PWM techniques are also compared, considering high and low‐speed applications. Experimental results of SiC inverter‐fed BLDC motor drive are provided to substantiate the proposed work.
A Quad‐Port MIMO Antenna With Improved Isolation Developed by Colored Resin Fiber Material for Wideband Applications
Authors: Pandey Raju , Biswas Ashim Kumar , Chakraborty Ujjal
Published: November 2024

The article explores a quad‐port compact (56 × 56 × 1.5 mm3) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna developed on a colored resin fiber material encompassing enhanced isolation for wideband applications. The design antenna configuration incorporates four ground stubs positioned among antenna pairs on the upper section of the substrate and eight rectangular‐shaped ground slots to enhance antenna isolation. The antenna functions over a broad spectral range from 4.21 to 10.95 GHz, providing coverage for WLAN (5.15–5.35 GHz/5.725–5.825 GHz), C band uplink (5.925–6.425 GHz), downlink defense (7.2–7.7 GHz), and ITU band (8–8.5 GHz), with 88.91% fractional bandwidth. The antenna design ensures exceptional isolation, exceeding 21 dB among orthogonal antennas and 25 dB between oppositely placed antennas across the entire functioning bandwidth. Across the working band, the antenna showcases favorable diversity characteristics, including a lower envelope correlation coefficient (ECC < 0.085), higher diversity gain (DG > 9.95 dB), minimal channel capacity loss (< 0.39 bits/s/Hz), and negligible magnitude variation in mean effective gain among the antenna ports (< 0.1 dB). The acquired total active reflection (TARC) curve exhibits the antenna's robust resonance features over the application band and commendable time domain properties in the active spectral region. The findings of the simulation and measurements revealed a close alignment.
What can we infer about mutation calling by using time‐series mutation accumulation data and a Bayesian Mutation Finder?
Authors: Maruki Takahiro , Ozere April , Freeman Jack , Cristescu Melania E.
Published: November 2024

Accurate estimates of mutation rates derived from genome‐wide mutation accumulation (MA) data are fundamental to understanding basic evolutionary processes. The rapidly improving high‐throughput sequencing technologies provide unprecedented opportunities to identify single nucleotide mutations across genomes. However, such MA derived data are often difficult to analyze and the performance of the available methods of analysis is not well understood. In this study, we used the existing Bayesian Genotype Caller adapted for MA data that we refer to as Bayesian Mutation Finder (BMF) for identifying single nucleotide mutations while considering the characteristics of the data. We compared the performance of BMF with the widely used Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) by applying these two methods to time‐series MA data as well as simulated data. The time‐series data were obtained by propagating Daphnia pulex over an average of 188 generations and performing whole‐genome sequencing of 14 MA lines across three time points. The results indicate that BMF enables more accurate identification of single nucleotide mutations than GATK especially when applied to the empirical data. Furthermore, BMF involves the use of fewer parameters and is more computationally efficient than GATK. Both BMF and GATK found surprisingly many candidate mutations that were not confirmed at later time points. We systematically infer causes of the unconfirmed candidate mutations, introduce a framework for estimating mutation rates based on genome‐wide candidate mutations confirmed by subsequent sequencing, and provide an improved mutation rate estimate for D. pulex.
Differences in Gut Microbes Across Age and Sex Linked to Metabolism and Microbial Stability in a Hibernating Mammal
Authors: Pfau Madison , Degregori Samuel , Barber Paul H. , Blumstein Daniel T. , Philson Conner S.
Published: November 2024

The gut microbiome has a well‐documented relationship with host fitness, physiology, and behavior. However, most of what is known comes from captive animals where diets and environments are more homogeneous or controlled. Studies in wild populations that experience dynamic environments and have natural life history variation are less common but are key to understanding the drivers of variation in the gut microbiome. Here we examine a wild population of yellow‐bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer), an obligate winter hibernator, to quantify multivariate associations between host‐associated factors (e.g., age, sex, environmental harshness, and social behavior) and gut microbial composition. Across 5 years and 143 individuals, we found that males had a higher relative abundance of microbes associated with mass gain and cellulose digestion, which suggests a metabolic investment in mass gain (such as phylum Firmicutes and family Lachnospiraceae). By contrast, females had higher relative abundances of microbes associated with inflammation and metabolism (from microbial groups such as Tenericutes and Ruminococcus), possibly reflecting the importance of lactation and offspring investment. Post hoc analyses of lactating females showed a negative relationship with the abundance of microbes associated with mass gain but a positive relationship with microbes associated with metabolic energy, suggesting a trade‐off between investment in pups and maternal mass gain. Older animals also had reduced Proteobacteria relative abundance, a phylum associated with reduced inflammation. Results demonstrate that sex and age‐based traits, not sociality or environmental harshness, are associated with microbe‐mediated metabolism and inflammation in a wild, hibernating mammal.
Seed Regeneration in Taxus baccata: Unveiling Ecological Restrictions and Paving the Way for Future Studies
Authors: Maleki Keyvan , Chmielarz Paweł , Wawrzyniak Mikołaj Krzysztof , Maleki Kourosh , Maleki Ahmad , Soltani Elias
Published: November 2024

Taxus baccata, commonly known as English yew, is an evergreen tree native to regions ranging from Ireland and Sweden to Morocco, Algeria, and northern Iran. This species is of special concern due to habitat loss from human activities, including forest management, leading to declining populations. A 4‐year monitoring study was conducted to investigate the factors behind the poor seed regeneration of yew. We examined seed germination, dormancy, desiccation tolerance, and seed predation as potential contributors to this issue. Our study proposed potential seed predation by frugivores and granivores, along with morphophysiological dormancy, as primary reasons for poor regeneration. Despite high seed production and seed availability in certain years, germination did not improve, likely due to the small size of the yew seed embryos, which prolongs dormancy. Yew seeds are desiccation‐tolerant, water‐permeable, and lack physical germination barriers, making seed predation a significant limiting factor. In conclusion, the natural regeneration of yew is hampered by potential seed predation, morphophysiological dormancy, and environmental factors such as altered temperature and rainfall patterns, which change the dormancy‐breaking process. Further research is needed to quantify seed predation and explore its impact on seedling survival.
Fatty Acid Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis and Contactless Conductivity Detection for Future Life Detection Missions
Authors: Kok Miranda G. M. , Mora Maria F.
Published: November 2024

Future life‐detection missions will likely search for biosignatures within a wide range of organic compounds, including fatty acids. In order to determine such biosignatures, it is necessary to identify and quantify individual fatty acids present within a sample. In this study, we present a method using capillary electrophoresis coupled to contactless conductivity detection (CE–C4D) for the separation and detection of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids after derivatization with N,N‐diethylethylenediamine, triethylamine, and 2‐chloro‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide at 40°C for 10 min. Operating conditions (background electrolyte, separation voltage, and temperature) were optimized to provide maximum separation of fatty acids, thereby allowing their identification and quantification. Using a background electrolyte of 2 M acetic acid in 45% acetonitrile, an optimal separation was obtained with a separation voltage of 10 kV and a capillary temperature of 15°C. The optimized CE–C4D method was used to analyze samples of the cyanobacterium Spirulina. Multiple fatty acids were detected in the samples, showing the potential of this method for detection of fatty acid biosignatures during future spaceflight missions.
Oral administration of tannic acid attenuates dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress in high‐fat and fructose diet‐induced obesity in rats
Authors: Ejiofor Emmanuel , Agwamba Ernest , Egedigwe‐Ekeleme Chima , Nweje‐Anyalowu Paul , Louis Hitler , Abalake Innocent , Imeh Francis , Harold Bliss , Azuh Deborah , Ejiofor Maureen , Okoro Christian , Ejiofor Joan , Ekwegbalu Chidinma , Ekwugha Laurene
Published: November 2024

Obesity and diabetes are considered life‐threatening conditions, characterized by increased oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hepatotoxicity, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Therefore, we studied the effects of tannic acid in a high‐fat and fructose‐diet‐induced rat model of obesity. Administration of tannic acid at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced fasting blood glucose concentration, reversed disoriented lipid profile, decreased liver enzyme activities, and inhibited oxidative stress compared to the high‐fat, high‐sugar group. Histopathological examination showed preserved pancreas and liver architecture in the tannic acid‐administered groups. The in vitro inhibitory activity of tannic acid against alpha‐amylase, alpha‐glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase showed good inhibitory potential. Molecular docking studies showed high binding affinity and more hydrogen bond interactions between tannic acid and receptor proteins (alpha‐amylase, alpha‐glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase) implicated in obesity and diabetes. In conclusion, tannic acid prevented the onset of oxidative stress, preserved the liver, and restored the disoriented lipid profile in high‐fat and fructose diet‐induced obesity in rats.
Maxillary Sinus Mucosa Preservation Versus Mucosal Sacrifice: Radiographic Outcomes After Inferior Maxillectomy and Soft‐Tissue Free Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Yu Ya‐Hsuan , Dang Rushil Rajiv , Fan Wan‐Shiun , Chen Min‐Chi , Hu Yu‐Feng , Tsao Chung‐Kang , Chuang Po‐Wen , Lee Ellen Michelle , Young Chi‐Kuang , Liao Chun‐Ta , Kang Chung‐Jan , Huang Shiang‐Fu
Published: November 2024

Background

This study evaluates the impact of maxillary sinus mucosa preservation on radiographic outcomes after an inferior maxillectomy and soft‐tissue free flap reconstruction.

Methods

A total of 90 patients in two cohorts (mucosal sacrifice versus mucosa preservation) were evaluated from an institutional dataset. Imaging was reviewed at set time points and sinus scores were allotted based on a modification of the Lund—MacKay system. Patients were evaluated for changes in sinus scores. A univariate (UVA) and multivariate (MVA) analysis was performed.

Results

In gp1 (mucosal sacrifice), mean postoperative sinus score was 1.21 ± 1.30 (p = < 0.001) at 24 months. On UVA, advanced T‐stage at 12 months (OR 7.143, 95% CI 1.484–34.384, p = 0.014) and 24 months (OR 5.500, 95% CI 1.219–24.813, p = 0.027), and on MVA, advanced T‐stage were associated with increased odds for higher sinus score (OR 4.993, 95% CI 1.084–22.995, p = 0.039). In Gp2 (Mucosa preserved), the mean postoperative sinus score was 0.31 ± 0.47 (p = 0.021) at 24 months. On UVA and MVA, no predictors were identified for a higher sinus score.

Conclusion

Following an inferior maxillectomy and soft‐tissue free flap reconstruction, notably reduced sinus scores were seen in patients with preservation of the remaining maxillary sinus mucosa.
Exploring Storm Intensities and the Implications on Green Stormwater Infrastructure Design
Authors: Amur Achira , Wadzuk Bridget , Traver Robert
Published: November 2024

The peak intensity that occurs during a storm event can drive the performance of a green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), which may or may not align with the expected performance of the GSI. Both the peak intensity volume and where it occurs within an event are found to influence the GSI response. The design criteria set the expectation of how well a GSI will manage stormwater within a watershed. The Villanova University bioinfiltration rain garden (BRG) has been monitored since 2003, providing a long hydrological data record that is used to study local and observed rainfall patterns in comparison to design criteria to understand the impact of storm intensity on GSI performance. Intensities for all the storms recorded at the site were assessed at different timesteps and compared to the intensities typically used by the design storm approach in meeting regulatory criteria. There were 1482 storm events analysed and for all timesteps, the values commonly used for meeting design regulations were seen to be well above what was observed at the BRG, with 98% of the storms occurring below these values. Out of the 1482 storms, only 46 storms (3%) had effective durations longer than 10 h and no storm observed had an effective duration longer than 22 h, yet their peak intensities were still below the peak intensity associated with design regulations. This finding highlights the difference in the duration these sites are designed to manage (typically 24 h), in comparison to the ones experienced by the systems. The peak intensity analysis done at the different timesteps shows that for the storms recorded at the BRG, the intensities vary with changing time intervals and events. Of all the assessed events, only two events recorded larger intensities than the regionally specified NOAA C design storm, demonstrating the skewness of the approach. There was no trend in peak rain intensities over the 20‐year rainfall record. This study concludes that due to their dynamic performance, vegetated GSI have a natural resilience to a variety of precipitation patterns and climate changes that may be compromised when designing to a static value set through design storms.
Spontaneous hemoperitoneum in a 29‐week pregnancy with a history of endometriosis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mehdiyev Shamsi , Tanoglu Fatma Basak , Altuncu Esma Demir , Oral Engin
Published: November 2024

Spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy (SHIP) is defined as sudden, nontraumatic intraperitoneal bleeding that occurs during pregnancy or up to 42 days postpartum. The incidence ranges between 4 and 4.9 per 100 000 births. Although seen rarely, it is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality due to maternal hemodynamic instability. Endometriosis was shown to be present in 71% of SHIP cases. A 30‐year‐old primigravid woman with a spontaneous conception, at 29 weeks of gestation, presented to our obstetrics and gynecology emergency department with complaints of abdominal and back pain. In terms of her medical history, a laparoscopic cystectomy was performed in August 2022 due to a 90 mm × 50 mm endometrioma in the right ovary. However, deep endometriosis and adenomyosis were not observed. After decelerations appeared on the non‐stress test, the repeat hemoglobin values dropped to 7.2 g/dL, with blood pressure at 70/50 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 95/min. The decision was made for laparotomy and emergency delivery of the baby. It is crucial to consider SHIP, especially in pregnant patients with a history of endometriosis surgery. Managing such high‐risk cases in specialized centers and easily identifying predisposing factors for SHIP can lead to improved outcomes, despite its rarity and poor prognosis.
High acceptability of point‐of‐care HIV testing at the colposcopy outpatient clinic in hospitals in the Netherlands
Authors: van de Laar R. L. O. , Jordans C. C. E. , Salmaan A. , Hofhuis W. , van den Tillaart S. A. H. M. , van der Avoort I. A. M. , Timmers P. J. , van Beekhuizen H. J. , van Doorn H. C. , Rokx C.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Cervical cancer and its precursor are labeled as HIV indicator conditions, justifying the recommendation of HIV testing for all patients. This study aimed to assess the acceptance and patients' and gynecologists' perceptions on HIV testing in patients with cervical dysplasia at the colposcopy outpatient clinic in hospitals in the Netherlands.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted between May 2021 and February 2023 to implement point‐of‐care HIV testing in five hospitals in the Rotterdam region, the Netherlands. We included patients aged 18 years and older, without documented HIV, presenting with cervical dysplasia. The primary outcome was the HIV test acceptance rate. Secondary outcomes were the HIV positivity rate and the association between dysplasia severity and test acceptance. We also assessed patients' and gynecologists' perspectives on this testing strategy with a questionnaire.

Results

Of 563 patients, 523 accepted HIV testing, resulting in a test acceptance rate of 92.9% (95% confidence interval, 90.45%–94.88%). Testing rates were consistent among participating hospitals (91.6%–100.0%) None of the patients tested positive for HIV. Severity of dysplasia was not associated with test acceptance (P = 0.768). Most patients (n = 500, 96.0%) reported good or higher experience with this testing strategy. The main barriers for gynecologists to offer HIV testing were lack of time (n = 22, 33.9%) and fear to offend a patient (n = 7, 12.5%). Less than half (n = 19, 39.3%) of gynecologists believed an HIV test should be offered to all patients with cervical dysplasia.

Conclusion

Point‐of‐care HIV testing at colposcopy outpatient clinics was well accepted by patients. The data indicate that the primary barrier lies with the physicians to offer such testing.
Estimation of Scattering Properties Modifications Caused by In Vivo Human Skin Optical Clearing Using Line‐Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Zaytsev Sergey M. , Waszczuk Léna , Ogien Jonas , Dubois Arnaud , Blondel Walter , Amouroux Marine
Published: November 2024

The image contrast and probing depth of optical methods applied to in vivo skin could be improved by reducing skin scattering using the optical clearing method. The aim of this study was to quantify, from line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) 3D images, the modifications of skin scattering properties in vivo during optical clearing. Nine mixtures of optical clearing agents were used in combination with physical and chemical permeation enhancers on the human skin of three healthy volunteers. Scattering coefficient and anisotropy factor of the epidermis and the upper dermis were estimated from the 3D LC‐OCT images of skin using an exponential decay model of the in‐depth intensity profile. We were able to demonstrate a decrease in epidermal scattering (down to 33%) related to optical clearing, with the best results obtained by a mixture of polyethylene glycol, oleic acid, and propylene glycol.
Latent typology of nonsuicidal self‐injury and differences in mental health outcomes
Authors: Nam Sojeong
Published: November 2024

Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), defined as deliberate acts of self‐harm without suicidal intent, significantly impacts adults. NSSI involves various behaviors, varying in frequency and severity as well as intersecting with one another. To uncover unobserved subtypes of NSSI, this study utilized latent class analysis (LCA) to precisely identify a latent typology of NSSI among adults using a large national sample (N = 18,798; Mage = 21.73; SD = 4.93). Additionally, differences in mental health outcomes, including depression and anxiety, across the identified latent subtypes of NSSI were examined in the LCA model. The findings revealed eight distinct latent subtypes, demonstrating statistically significant differences in depression and anxiety, including multimethod—severe, multimethod—moderate, multimethod—mild, cutting—dominant multimethod, unimethod—pulling hair, unimethod—interfering with wound healing, unimethod—punching/banging, and unimethod—punching/banging an object. These findings underscore the distinct characteristics and mental health needs of each latent subgroup and suggest more tailored and targeted approaches for counseling practice.
Mental health curricula in predoctoral dental school programs: A content analysis
Authors: Culmer Nathan P. , Smith Todd Brenton , Berryhill M. Blake , Kopycka‐Kedzierawski Dorota T. , Greenwood Charlotte , Rengering Colin , Howerton Amanda
Published: November 2024

Background

Given the prevalence of mental health concerns, dentists have an opportunity to provide mental health screenings to enhance overall patient care. The purpose of this study is to summarize and discuss the characteristics of mental health curricula related to patient care in accredited dental schools.

Methods

We identified accredited predoctoral dental programs incorporating mental health training related to patient care into their curriculum. We summarized course characteristics and thematically analyzed course descriptions using headings from the National Library of Medicine.

Results

From our review of curricula from 80 dental programs, 27 included a mental health component, and these were found in both didactic and clinical courses. Behavioral science and building clinical competence were the most common themes.

Discussion

While mental health is an important component in overall patient care, a minority of accredited dental programs’ curricula address it. Further, the manner and extent of inclusion varies. Including mental health training into dental curricula will better prepare dentists for their patients’ comprehensive health needs.
The maximum number of odd cycles in a planar graph
Authors: Heath Emily , Martin Ryan R. , Wells Chris
Published: November 2024

How many copies of a fixed odd cycle, , can a planar graph contain? We answer this question asymptotically for and prove a bound which is tight up to a factor of 3/2 for all other values of . This extends the prior results of Cox and Martin and of Lv, Győri, He, Salia, Tompkins, and Zhu on the analogous question for even cycles. Our bounds result from a reduction to the following maximum likelihood question: which probability mass on the edges of some clique maximizes the probability that edges sampled independently from form either a cycle or a path?