bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Form and Content: Eleanor Catton’s The Luminaries
Authors: Attridge Derek
Published: May 2024

The dictum that form and content are inseparable has dominated literary studies since at least the Romantics. This chapter asks whether there are novels in which form enters into the reader’s experience without being subservient to content, a feature that may be termed ‘inorganic form’, and one that is common in poetry. A discussion of inorganic form in Ulysses follows, Joyce’s most radical break with the tradition of organic form being those places where the style of an episode influences its content. A survey of examples of inorganic form in fiction after Joyce leads to a discussion of Eleanor Catton’s novel The Luminaries, in which a complex apparatus based on the signs of the zodiac partially determines the actions of the characters. The chapter ends with a more general discussion of the operation of inorganic form as an aspect of the event of the literary work.
Meltem Arıkan
Authors: Öztürk Ahmet Erdi , Baser Bahar
Published: May 2024

Interview with Meltem Arikan
Nil Mutluer
Authors: Öztürk Ahmet Erdi , Baser Bahar
Published: May 2024

Interview with Nil Mutluer
Lexical Stress in Varieties of Australian English: A Corpus-Based Exploration
Authors: Przewozny Anne , Martin Marjolaine
Published: May 2024

This chapter gives a thorough account of the situation of lexical stress in Australian English, bearing in mind that it is not a homogeneous variety. A systemic account of lexical stress in Standard Australian English based on dictionary data in a Guierrian approach is presented. It includes 3,700 words chosen because these candidates could display lexical stress variation amongst contemporary varieties of English (i.e. disyllabic verbs, prefixed multicategorial words and words known as exceptions in a Guierrian theoretical framework). The nature of lexical stress patterns in Aboriginal loanwords in Standard Australian English is detailed. The influence of the Aboriginal input is also considered in the perspective of corpus phonology. The chapter examines the tendency of speakers of Aboriginal English to stress words initially in spoken corpora (AusTalk, PAC), for it would constitute an interesting case of lexical stress variation in contemporary English, both within the context of Australian English and that of English worldwide.
Introduction: Starting from Responsibility and Human Rights
Authors: Davis Benjamin P.
Published: May 2024

This Introduction begins to outline a new sense of decolonial responsibility starting from human rights. While the chapter takes seriously the decolonial and post-colonial critiques of human rights from Walter Mignolo, Nelson Maldonado-Torres, Gayatri Spivak, Jasbir Puar, and others, the chapter reads Stuart Hall to argue for reconstructing human rights claims as part of shifting the liberal political terrain we have inherited. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the political theorist Joy James’s call for a new sense of humanity and human rights to guide political action in a world that is becoming more and more diasporic, as Stuart Hall would say, or more and more creolized, as Édouard Glissant would say.
The Limits of Ethics and the Question of Political Commitment
Authors: Davis Benjamin P.
Published: May 2024

This chapter looks to W. E. B. Du Bois and his use of human rights in the 1940s in order to consider the strengths and limits of human rights claims today. The chapter follows a Black Atlantic history of human rights that challenged the liberal history of rights that was taken up in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The chapter reads Du Bois as an example of what Stuart Hall called “political commitment.” The chapter concludes by calling for justice-oriented actors today to practice human rights in a way that lives up to the world-making vision of Du Bois, Hall, and Glissant. In this way, this chapter offers a new, Caribbean and decolonial critical theory of human rights, one that is both critical and reconstructive.
Listen Mode
Authors: Jones Nick
Published: May 2024

This chapter considers the sounds of the graphic user interface (GUI). Just as the visual features of the GUI echo across other media, so too the audio organisation of the desktop reverberates through the wider aural culture of screen-based entertainment. In films, television, and videogames, multi-layered soundtracks and spatially-placed sound objects function as sonic equivalents of high-resolution navigable windows, while blended soundtracks increasingly use music, sound effects, and dialogue in concert to generate an audioscape which is tightly bound to the contents and movements of its associated imagery. The result is an audio environment which functions as a series of notifications or highly complex ’pings’ designed to draw the viewer’s attention to distinct elements of the visual field. The chapter explores the videogame The Last of Us Part II (2020), the films of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, and lyric music videos to show how the sounds and images of diverse contemporary digital media are bound together in order to aid navigable synchronisation – a process entirely familiar from the GUI.
Wandering Kinopoetics
Authors: Potter Kevin
Published: May 2024

Chapter Four introduces the second type of kinopoetics, a “wandering kinopoetics”. A wandering kinopoetics considers the historical figure of the vagabond and their position in certain post-colonial and migrant literatures. Crucially, the emphasis here is on urban spaces of social realist texts, thereby offering a unique, conflicting spatial experience: on the one hand, the migrant figure attempts to blend in to a social milieu by not sticking out as an outsider; on the other, their outsider status leaves them criminalized and alienated to the very society into which they are trying to assimilate. The vagabond offers a distinct configuration of criminalized migrancy, as the wandering subject having to negotiate various sites of power, all while embodying a “wayward” and “erratic” subjectivity. This analysis assumes the becoming-vagabond moments developing with the imperceptible sensations of daily life, i.e. the everyday paranoias, dismissals, surveillance patterns, and suspicions one encounters (often nonverbally) when existing as an immigrant. This chapter comments on the affective and internal experiences that come with moving and wandering through politicized spaces of modernity. Here Monica Ali’s Brick Lane (2003) and Teju Cole’s Open City (2012) provide the textual focus for this chapter.
Stuttering Kinopoetics
Authors: Potter Kevin
Published: May 2024

Chapter Five constitutes the third and final close reading chapter; and this time the focus lies specifically with non-standard uses of language, demonstrating a “stuttering kinopoetics”. The implications here are significant in terms of migration and cross-cultural encounters within language. In particular, the barbarian – a figure conceived according to presumed political and linguistic inferiority – acts as the counter-historical migrant figure within this constellation. Authors within the migrant tradition will often employ playful, non-standard uses of English to demonstrate cultural difference, on the one hand, and challenge the ideologies of language and power, on the other. This, in turn, upsets and frustrates the typical reading experience, since it has to cope with changing rhythmic, grammatical, and syntactic structures. To support this kinopoetics, this chapter examines the poetry of John Asgard and Linton Kwesi Johnson, and the manner in which they “invent a minor use” (Deleuze 1997: 109) of language in their poetry, but also produce new affective movements through experimentation.
The Establishment of William Dick’s Veterinary School (1817–57)
Authors: Macdonald Alastair A. , Warwick Colin M.
Published: May 2024

William Dick’s childhood exposure to veterinary practice together with his father’s farriery expertise and early access to the comparative anatomical teachings and mentoring of John Barclay enabled the establishment of the Highland Society’s Veterinary School in Edinburgh in 1823 with William as lecturer. This one-year course transferred after six years to a two-year course sited in Clyde Street. A purpose-built veterinary school was constructed there. Class sizes and the number of Highland Society diplomas awarded increased. International students arrived. In 1844 John Barlow was employed to initially teach anatomy and physiology, and later pathology and the diseases of cattle. Following his early death, John Gamgee was employed for one year. His modern ideas about germs causing disease were not accepted by William Dick.
Clyde Street College Developments (1857–74)
Authors: Macdonald Alastair A. , Warwick Colin M.
Published: May 2024

This chapter describes the transitions that took place leading up to and following the death of William Dick. His non-veterinary civic duties are briefly described. The roles that his sister, Mary Dick, performed in the College are indicated. William left his estate to the Lord Provost, Magistrates and Council of Edinburgh as Trustees. He was succeeded as Principal of College by James H.B. Hallen for one year and then by William Williams. A series of disruptions among Williams’s staff led to his resignation. Williams took with him most of the clinical material and many students. He was succeeded by William Fearnley who struggled with the chaos left by Williams’ departure. He could not cope and resigned in 1874.
Clyde Street College Developments (1874–1916)
Authors: Macdonald Alastair A. , Warwick Colin M.
Published: May 2024

A period of structural and constitutional reconstruction began under Thomas Walley’s wise and calm administration. In 1876 the period of study had been increased to three years. Students were examined by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. The last Highland Society exam was held in 1881. The Trustees funded two structural adjustments to the Clyde Street College before the 1886-7 major rebuild took place. Computer-aided design complemented photos of the period showing the interiors. The removal of the Williams College prompted discussion about and searches for possible alternative sites for the Clyde St College. Summerhall was chosen. Charnock Bradley had transferred from the Williams College to Clyde St as Professor of Anatomy in 1900 following graduation with a medical degree.
Sonic Authorship 2: Sofia Coppola
Authors: Sexton Jamie
Published: May 2024

This chapter investigates sonic authorship and indie music within the films of Sofia Coppola, focusing primarily on one of her short films (Lick the Star, 1998) and her first three feature films (The Virgin Suicides, 1999; Lost in Translation, 2003; Marie Antoinette, 2006). The chapter explores how Coppola uses indie music in quite variable ways and includes analysis of how some of her music choices relate to feminist concerns, as well as how indie music also functions as a form of marketing for her films, cementing their status as indie films despite studio involvement. It also includes a discussion of how the score for The Virgin Suicides connects to the retrospective nature of the film’s haunted narrative.
Introduction
Authors: Archibald David
Published: May 2024

The introduction lays out the general context of the book and the methodology employed, which includes ethnography, textual analysis and archival research. The chapter outlines that much of the book is based on an ethnographic study of the making of The Angel’s Share (Loach 2012), which is placed within the context of Loach’s wider oeuvre. The detail involved in the author’s ethnographic methodology is laid out. The term ‘ethnografilmic analysis’ is deployed here to understand how film analysis might be impacted by knowledge of the film production process.
The Living Newspaper Part 1: 1935–1937 – The Revolution Begins
Authors: Karoula Rania
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on the first two years of the New York Living Newspaper unit. It chronicles the first LN production, Ethiopia, that was never performed and the controversies around it. The chapter discusses in detail Triple-A Plowed Under and Injunction Granted as examples of engaged theatre that highlighted social and economic issues within the USA. At the same time, their productions revealed their indebtedness to Meyerhold and Brecht’s experimentations. The chapter reveals the uncomfortable relationship between the LN unit and the FTP administration, the US government and Congress. It also includes a discussion of The Cradle Will Rock as a further example of the continuous censorship the project faced throughout its existence.
The Living Newspaper Part 2: 1937–1939 – How Not to Sing for Your Supper
Authors: Karoula Rania
Published: May 2024

This chapter presents a detailed discussion of the shift in style, content and polemics that the Living Newspaper underwent in the following two years and before its disbandment. Focusing on two productions, Power and One-third of a Nation, it investigates how these productions moved away from the more polemical and experimental tone of the ones mentioned in chapter two and from any association with their European counterparts. Choosing more realistic settings and forgoing the collaborative authorship, these plays presented an attempt to create new theatrical aesthetics that could be perceived as purely ‘American’. Regardless of these changes, the LN unit, the FTP and Flanagan were still under pressure for failing to comply with Congressional politics and for harbouring communistic sympathies.
The Children’s Theatre: Playing with Pinocchio and the Beavers
Authors: Karoula Rania
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses the exciting venture of the Children’s Theatre that aimed to entertain and educate children through its plays. The unit made theatrical performances accessible to all children and was instrumental in helping them navigate the emotional difficulties presented by the economic depression. The chapter focuses on two plays, The Revolt of the Beavers and Pinocchio, as prime examples of original scripts and imaginative adaptations, of mixing live acting with puppetry and marionettes and of providing much entertainment and laughter. It also discusses how The Revolt of the Beavers was deemed too subversive and educating children in Communism; the play was used as evidence by the HUAC to the Communist charges it brought against the FTP.
Introduction: Military Transformation in Germany, Italy and Japan
Authors: Coticchia Fabrizio , Dian Matteo , Niccolò Moro Francesco
Published: May 2024

This chapter introduces the comparative analysis on the process of military transformation in the cases of Italy, Germany, and Japan. It first highlights the scholarly debate that can help to identify and address questions on military transformations. It then delves into what exactly we intend by ‘military transformation’, focusing on force doctrine and structure. The third section describes the research design, looking at some of the main choices made to respond to the key questions raised and describing the sources. Lastly, an outline of the book is provided.
The Celebrity as Beauty Icon
Authors: Smith Michelle
Published: May 2024

The growth of celebrity culture in the late nineteenth century corresponded with developments in printing and advertising, as well as shifts in magazine types and content. The combination of these factors meant that a select subset of women could serve as models of ideal beauty across time and fashion trends, and consequently could become linked with the promotion and consumption of beauty products. This chapter considers the idealised appearances of imagined figures of beauty as constructed through magazine and advertising illustration and pinpoints how the consumerist impulses of the period in print were imbricated with developing models of female celebrity. These women were primarily drawn from the stage, as actresses and singers, and their association with glamour and spectacle contributed to the slowly won acceptance of cosmetics and challenged the impossible natural ideal.
Transgression
Authors: Kenny Oliver
Published: May 2024

This chapter considers theories of transgression and extremity as well as the popular and critical discourses around such terms. It firstly distinguishes between transgressive acts and artistic transgression, summarising the key sociological work that has been done on transgressive acts and on transgression in modern and contemporary fine art. It proposes that we consider artistic transgressions as involving institutionally recognised marginal transgressions of the limits of that art world’s contemporaneous definition of art. Secondly, it provides an account of the different ways in which films can transgress legal boundaries and incur censorship, and how these different forms of transgression are received and contained. Finally, this chapter explains how value registers allow us to understand the transgressions of controversial films that do not transgress any censorship boundaries, as well as their reception. This chapter provides a clear framework for what it means for a transgressive art film to transgress, shows that it is possible to talk clearly and specifically about artistic transgression, and allows us to identify not only what transgression means, but which transgressions matter.
Elite and Popular Orientalisms
Authors: Watt James
Published: May 2024

This essay emphasises the continuity across high and low cultural forms of a generic and non-referential Orientalism, comprising ‘old’ but adaptable stories (the Arabian Nights’ tales) and tropes (Oriental despotism). Addressing the interface of literary and visual representation, it begins by looking at popular theatre, where in the case of Lewis’s Timour the Tartar, supplementary spectacle compromised the play’s critical reputation but ensured publicity and commercial success. It notes that more prestigious works by Beckford and Byron remained affiliated with popular drama, even as their authors distanced themselves from the crowd, and it considers the period’s best-known example of elite Orientalist performance, the Brighton Royal Pavilion. Though caricatured as frivolous, this ‘Regency Orientalism’ was sympathetically repackaged in Moore’s Lalla Rookh, read by some as successfully pastiching an ‘authentic’ magnificence that recuperated the social exclusivity of elite Orientalism. The essay finally discusses ‘Cockney’ writers including Hunt and Lamb who responded to Regency Orientalism and playfully disrupted the elite/popular. With reference to the idea of spectatorial pleasure that runs throughout, it concludes by addressing the much-debated question of the nature of Britons’ lived relation to empire in this period.
Reading Time in the Long Poem
Authors: Somervell Tess
Published: May 2024

Reading Time tells the story of the long poem in the long eighteenth century as it navigated between narrative and description, progress and digression, and time and space. The long poem emerged, between 1660 and 1850, as a medium in which poets could shape and reshape time. Analysing John Milton’s Paradise Lost, James Thomson’s The Seasons, and William Wordsworth’s The Prelude, this book reveals how these poets used both the content and form of their long poems to intervene in contemporary debates about the temporalities of free will, nature, and identity. Reading Time argues that they use the figure of the prospect, the extended landscape, to imagine time as a space onto which different causal configurations could be mapped. In turn, readers have approached these poems as both temporal and spatial forms, as linear processes and as static structures, demonstrating how the long poem can shape a reader’s own experience of time.
Shade Softening into Shade: Georgic Causation in The Seasons
Authors: Somervell Tess
Published: May 2024

This chapter argues that Thomson, by obscuring whether the movement of The Seasons is across time or space, is able to suggest both the independence and interconnectedness of each moment in time and each occasion or event in the natural world. The crucial question is whether God is an immediate cause, intervening at each moment to shape the world, or a first or original cause, deferred from the present by time and a long chain of intermediate or secondary causes. By positing both possible shapes of time, Thomson is able to articulate a georgic cyclical temporality in which processes of growth and decay can continue flowing, but the concepts of ‘before’ and ‘after’ have little currency.
Years Flowed In Between: Chronos and Kairos in The Prelude
Authors: Somervell Tess
Published: May 2024

In The Prelude, Wordsworth privileges certain ‘spots of time’, seeming to extract them from the timeline of his autobiographical narrative. But Wordsworth’s desire to trace his own progress requires a linear temporality and continuity. This chapter examines examples of the spots of time and shows how they function not as spots but as prospects, in which the initial focus opens out into a wider view of space and time. The spots of time passages dramatise a return to moving, intersubjective, communal forms of time. This chapter, then, argues for the importance for Wordsworth of chronos over kairos.
A Feeling of the Whole: Reading The Prelude
Authors: Somervell Tess
Published: May 2024

This chapter maps the kairos/chronos distinction onto critical readings of The Prelude and The Excursion. Victorian reviewers repeatedly describe Wordsworth’s long poems as uneven landscapes, with parts that rise above or should be extracted from the less impressive ground. Other readers suggest that both the order of the parts and the more prosaic sections are necessary to understanding the progress that Wordsworth narrates. This chapter argues that, despite the temptation to privilege the spots of time and treat them as self-contained lyrics, the long journey of reading The Prelude makes visible the losses, gains, and recuperations that Wordsworth undergoes both in his life and in the fictional writing process.
Melbourne and Chicago: An Introduction
Authors: Cooper Sophie
Published: May 2024

This chapter establishes the rationale for the choice of Melbourne and Chicago as case studies. A brief history of each city and their place in the world and country are presented, connecting the local and the global. Once the city contexts are outlined, the position of the Irish within each city is examined. This includes an exploration of migration patterns, population statistics, and a breakdown of the occupational and religious demographics of Melbourne and Chicago. This chapter considers the origins of Irish migrants and their status in Ireland and abroad. An important element of this book is exploring how local, parish-based networks are expanded across the whole city, cities that are growing rapidly outwards during this time period. Melbourne and Chicago were only being built in the mid-nineteenth century, and there were labour crises and environmental disasters to contend with. Having a firm idea of the cities that this work focuses on is vital to then understanding how these neighbourhood and city networks were then expanded out across the oceans and across the world.
Gothic Criticism in the Twentieth Century: Who is This Who is Coming?
Authors: Brewster Scott
Published: May 2024

This Chapter evokes M. R. James famous spectre with ‘a face of crumpled linen’ to introduce the ‘unsettling interlopers’ which the Gothic mode champions. It traces the development of Gothic criticism during the twentieth century, identifying its main features, obsessions, and contradictions. The chapter also examines early accounts of the Gothic by critics such as Dorothy Scarborough, Edith Birkhead, and Eino Railo, which tend to situate Gothic fiction within a broader literary history, before exploring the work of figures such as Montague Summers and Devendra Varma. The chapter then evaluates the burgeoning of Gothic scholarship pioneered by Punter’s The Literature of Terror (1980). Throughout, the essay assesses the benefits and limitations that have arisen from the Gothic’s gradual transition from marginality to the mainstream, transgression to respectability, interloper to invited guest. The chapter also asks whether this transformation became a new conformism that tempered, even tamed, its ability to shock, challenge, or unsettle.
Queer Gothic Literature and Culture
Authors: Westengard Laura
Published: May 2024

Here, it is observed that since the first Gothic novel, Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto (1764), the Gothic has included themes of transgressive sexuality. Though Gothic themes and tropes have morphed over the years to reflect shifting cultural anxieties and desires, Gothicism along with its inherent queerness has persisted in various forms up to the present. This chapter highlights examples of queer Gothic in 20th-century cultural production across multiple genres and media, including queer Gothic cinema such as Dracula’s Daughter (1936), Rebecca (1940), and Suddenly Last Summer (1959), fiction such as Shirley Jackson’s The Haunting of Hill House (1959) and Anne Rice’s The Vampire Chronicles (1976–), and late 20th century AIDS-era visual and performance art. Through these examples, the chapter examines queerness within the Gothic, the gothicism in queer culture, and the function of the queer Gothic as an anti-normative orientation.
The Public: Attitudes Towards Immigration in Scotland
Authors: Westfall Aubrey L.
Published: May 2024

“The Public” reveals that the political machinations of the Scottish elites to promote immigration and multiculturalism are built on a shaky foundation of ambivalent public sentiment. Using data from the British and Scottish Social Attitudes surveys, it demonstrates that attitudes towards immigration are very similar in England and Scotland. The opinions of both Scottish and English survey respondents average out to be quite neutral, though Scots are slightly less negative about the effect of immigration on the economy. The main national difference is that the issue is very politicised in England and opinions break along party lines and between those with weak versus strong English national identity, whereas immigration has avoided politicisation in Scotland. Scottish public ambivalence about immigration provides a narrow window of opportunity for Scottish elites advancing a more inclusive agenda.
The Trajectory of Liberalism in Turkey: From the Ottoman Empire to the Present
Authors: Şahin Bican , Yaman Seval , Tarhan Belgin
Published: May 2024

The liberal intellectual movements could not maintain their initial influence and dynamism in the social and political field. The primary reason for this is the lack of a civil public space, which is the common problem for all intellectual movements in Turkey.
The second reason is much more related with the liberals’ relations with the ruling party. The right-wing (or centre-right) parties, to which the liberals gave their support during their first terms in power, can easily replace the liberal or democratic approach they initially advocated with collectivist, populist or anti-democratic policies after they have consolidated their power. The history of liberal movements in Turkey showed similar dilemmas during the rules of the Democratic Party, the Motherland Party and lastly the Justice and Development Party.
Turkey’s Transformed State Identity
Authors: Alaranta Toni
Published: May 2024

The subtle analytical difference between national and state identity is important because one can imagine a situation in which a national identity is transformed without any significant change in foreign policy or in the country’s position in the international system. On the other hand, a change in state identity occurs precisely when this is happening – that is, when a state’s long-term foreign policy and its overall positioning in the system is transformed due to factors operating on both the unit and the systemic level. This process is very much evident in Turkey at the centennial of the Republic.
The Political-economic History of Modern Turkey: Political Institutions, Economic Dynamics and Democratisation
Authors: Erkoç Taptuk Emre
Published: May 2024

Although it would be considered highly hypothetical to confer on the possible scenarios for Turkey’s political economic landscape in the upcoming years, one needs to take into consideration the fact that post-AKP era is prone to be shaped by the secular dominance in policymaking. There is no doubt that turning back to the early years of the Turkish Republic is exceedingly improbable and irrational, yet AKP’s Islamist discourse in politics, economics and social life will be confronted with a backlash by which the AKP-constructed economic and political elite will vanish either through rising pressure from society or by voluntarily disappearing.
The Presidency of Religious Affairs (the Diyanet) and the Organisation of the Secular State
Authors: Gözaydın İştar , Öztürk Ahmet Erdi
Published: May 2024

Despite all the existing problems, the Diyanet is a structure that seems suitable for real politics within the framework of the republican conditions. No matter where they may lie on the political spectrum, it seems unlikely that a political actor who comes to power can give up a powerful organisation like Diyanet. For this reason, in our opinion, it should be preserved as a public institution, but it should be reorganised in a way to ensure the representation of other faith circles that see themselves outside the prevailing belief understanding and want to be represented in the administration.
The Crisis of Turkish–American Relations
Authors: Taşpınar Ömer
Published: May 2024

As long as Turkey continues to perceive Kurdish separatism as a threat and the US maintains its support to Syrian Kurds, there is no realistic reason to be optimistic. The reason is simple: if there is one issue that creates more alarm than Kurdish nationalism in Turkey it is Kurdish nationalism with Washington’s military support behind it. And Syria is the place where this Turkish nightmare turned into a Kurdish dream. As we look into the future, it is hard to avoid the sense that the Sèvres syndrome, which defined the Republic at its inception, is still shaping Turkey’s future in 2023.
A Century of Turkish Foreign Policy towards the Balkans: Imperial Legacy, Geography and Humanitarian Ties
Authors: Demirtaş Birgül
Published: May 2024

How Turkey’s interaction with the Balkan countries evolves will mainly depend on developments in Turkish internal politics. The next parliamentary and presidential elections, scheduled to take place in 2023, will be crucial not just in terms of internal politics, but also in terms of the future course of Turkish foreign policy. However, the current tendency is that Turkey would continue to be an important regional actor and support stability and security in the region. The future course of Turkey–EU relations as well as Balkan countries’ accession process will also play an important role in Turkish– Balkan interactions. One can assume that Turkey’s decision makers will focus on softpower instruments, try to maintain the Ottoman legacy, and keep special relations with Muslim peoples and Turkish minorities in the foreseeable future.
(P)rescription Narratives
Authors: Peebles Tavera Stephanie
Published: May 2024

(P)rescription Narratives reveals how the act of narrative creates the subjects of disability, race, and gender during a period of censorship in American history. In a Crip Affect reading of woman-authored medical fiction from the Comstock law era, this book astutely argues that women writers of medical fiction practice storytelling as a form of narrative medicine that prescribes various forms of healing as an antidote to the shame engineered by an American culture of censorship. Woman-authored medical fiction exposes the limitations of social construction and materiality in conversations about the female body since subject formation relies upon multiple force relations that shape and are shaped by one another in ongoing processes that do not stop despite our efforts to interpret cultural artifacts. These multiple failures – to censor, to resist, to interpret – open up a space for negotiating how we engage the world with greater empathy.
Listen for the New Man: From Narrative to Narrative Prosthesis Medicine
Authors: Peebles Tavera Stephanie
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines Elizabeth Stuart Phelps’ Doctor Zay (1882) and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Mag-Marjorie (1912) as representative texts that exhibit the affective function of narrative through the figure of the New Man who Phelps invents as an ideological counterpoint to the New Woman doctor. Using the framework of narrative medicine and narrative prosthesis, this chapter examines how Phelps, and later Gilman, deploys the New Man ideal as a prosthetic that works to resolve the tension between readerly expectations of a romantic plot and writerly expectations of the sovereign woman physician. Because readers were strongly affected by the presence of a romance narrative, Phelps and Gilman package their oppositional politics in defense of gender equality and the autonomous woman physician in the form a conversion narrative. They deploy the New Man as a transformative figure who converts readers to the cause of the New Woman doctor, and by extension, the politics of the feminist writer, by teaching us how to “listen for” the experiences of the New Woman doctor from a narrative medicine standpoint.
Christian Robertson (1780–1842) and a Highland Network in the Caribbean: A Study of Complicity
Authors: Alston David
Published: May 2024

This is an account of the extended Robertson family of Kiltearn (Ross-shire) and their involvements with Caribbean slavery, especially in Demerara and Berbice (Guyana). The family included George Robertson, a founding member of what was to become Sandbach Tinné & Co, one of the businesses to benefit most from compensation at the end of British colonial slavery. Marriages linked the Robertsons to Samuel Sandbach and Charles Parker, two other founding partners, and to networks beyond the Highlands in Liverpool, Glasgow and Edinburgh. The focus on Christian Robertson, who never travelled beyond Britain or Ireland, illustrates both how a Scottish family of the ‘middling sort’ benefitted from slavery and how that wealth was used in supporting ‘enlightened’ cultural initiatives in Liverpool and in Scotland. Christian’s second marriage to Thomas Stewart Traill brought her into contact with many distinguished scientist of the time. This approach also allows an exploration of what information circulated – and did not circulate – within the family. In this context, the chapter examines relationships of family members with women of colour and the place of children of mixed race within the family networks. As a study of complicity it demonstrates the disturbing coexistence of enlightenment and oppression.
‘Y’all ain’t from around these parts’: Queer Displacement in American Folk Horror
Authors: Cruz Amanda
Published: May 2024

Folk horror is yet another area that has tended to focus on heteronormative situations; however, this chapter analyses the growing body of work that explores queer subjectivity in folk horror narratives. The author hones in on American works beginning with Thomas Tryon’s 1973 classic Harvest Home in light of queer possibilities. The reading of this text looks to the queering of a heteronormative family situation – a father, mother, and daughter re-locate from an urban centre to Cornwall Coombe, rural New England village. There, strange pagan rituals unbalance the heterosexual and patriarchal family structure. From mapping out the queer readings in a covertly queer text (Tryon was a closeted gay man who died from AIDS-related complications in 1991), the author proceeds to analyse the ways out queer authors have taken folk horror and applied Queer Gothic modes to the genre.
Memory
Authors: Teichler Hanna
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores how periodicals function as a memory medium as they narrativize, mediate and disseminate representations of the First World War. Whilst glorifying as well as horrifying narratives existed alongside each other, a new framing occurred: soldiers ennobled by serving in the war were gradually reframed as brutalised veterans. ‘Shell shock’ became a signifier, a catchall to evoke a specific war memory, that of returning soldiers who were for various reasons unfit for duty and civil life. Shell shock can be understood as one of the formative memory discourses that paved the way to frame and understand war trauma as a cultural and mnemonic force. This chapter analyses how periodicals contributed to this shift in paradigm and to the creation of the mnemonic metonym shell shock. Metonymies acquire a mnemonic dimension when they evoke a specific type of remembering by being associated with a particular condition, place, experience or trait. Although ephemeral in nature, periodicals offer the possibility to study (trans)cultural memory ‘in the making’, and provide insights into how First World War coverage in the periodical press contributed to establishing shell shock as a framework of perception and representation that would significantly shape understandings of future conflicts.
Journalists
Authors: Prieto Sara
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the main challenges that American journalism faced to report on WWI in the US. It pays special attention to the case of the influential Saturday Evening Post (1897–today) during the neutral years. Soon after the outbreak of the war, George Lorimer, the Post editor, sent many of his journalists to Europe with a double purpose: on the one hand, he wanted to cover the war; on the other hand, and more importantly, he wanted to create a specific view of the war that would not only help Americans become acquainted with the European war but also contribute to build a war case against Germany. In this chapter, I explore the role of some of the Post contributors and the topics they covered. Among them are reputed journalists such as Richard Harding Davis, Will Irwin, Samuel G. Blythe, but also a varied group of women journalists such as Mary Roberts Rinehart, Corra Harris, Mary Isabel Brush and Maude Radford Warren. They contributed to report on the war from different angles and perspectives.
Pacifist Journals
Authors: Brockington Grace , Hellawell Sarah , Laqua Daniel
Published: May 2024

This chapter situates pacifist journals in the context of extremely difficult wartime publishing conditions and massive changes in the constitution and operations of the peace movement worldwide. It offers a survey of the range of pacifist journals in production during the war, and case studies of three sets of journals which exemplified the international orientation of many of them and which represent the research expertise of our three co-authors: (1. Grace Brockington) The Cambridge Magazine, a British-based journal which regularly issued a foreign press survey as part of its commitment to freedom of expression; (2. Sarah Hellawell) Jus Suffragii, the journal of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance which was published from London and Paris, and which actively solicited news about the experiences of women in enemy countries; and (3. Daniel Laqua) Die Menschheit and Die Versöhnung, two periodicals which the Austrian internationalist Rudolf Broda published from Switzerland, drawing on the support of patrons and contributors from different enemy nations.
What Can Film Style Do in Narrative Cinema?
Authors: Purnama Ari
Published: May 2024

Analytical stylistics is grounded in the presumption that style serves one or more functions or effects to the end of a filmic work. So, to understand analytical stylistics, this chapter defines and delineates these functions of style in film art in a precise way. The chapter importantly distinguishes two kinds of theory of the functions of film style: the macro functional theory of film style and the micro functional theory of film style. The difference between these two kinds of functional theory lies primarily in their degree of generality. The macro theory proposed by Carroll and Bordwell elucidates the functions of style in narrative film more generally, irrespective of the genre, period or origin of the films. Meanwhile, the micro theory of Keating, Toshiro, Barnwell and Nielsen targets the functions of particular stylistic devices such as lighting, production design and camera movement across a large filmic corpus from a specific period, region or production mode.
Introduction: Liminality and the Boundaries of Film Noir
Authors: Helford Elyce Rae , Weedman Christopher
Published: May 2024

The Introduction provides an international history of film noir with emphasis on the difficulty of defining the style for generations of critics. The chapter posits that liminality may offer the most productive concept for study of cinema’s classical era and the relationships between films, cultures, and noir style. Focus ranges from national borders to psychological and social boundaries. The chapter concludes with a brief overview of the collection’s three sections (Exposing Cultural Anxieties, Reconcepualising National Cinemas, and Aesthetics and Antecedents) as well as each individual chapter.
The Fleap Being Neither Flea nor Fly: Ida Lupino’s Interrogations of Female Trauma in Never Fear
Authors: Grossman Julie
Published: May 2024

Julie Grossman offers a study of the US gender politics of female trauma in Ida Lupino’s Never Fear (1949), a tale of a young dancer on the verge of success who is stricken with polio. Using location shooting to particularise a modern story about desire and disability, Never Fear anatomises myths of completion in the contexts of domestic romance and fraught notions of health and the female body.
Voice, Virtue, Veritas: On Truth and Vocal Feeling in King Lear
Authors: Adkison Katie
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores King Lear’s attention to the voice as more than a mere carrier of language, but as an embodied, feeling experience that directly contributes to the meaning of speech. Positioning vocal feeling as the golden mean between phonē and logos – the virtuous middle ground that holds the sonic, sensory qualities of speech in balance with its semantic content – the play imagines the capacity to feel in and though the voice as a virtue, and as one necessary for pursuing truth in expression. As such, Lear also suggests that the theatre is a privileged site for honing this virtue in the self and for developing the facility to attune oneself to it in others. Ultimately, the chapter contends that Shakespeare uses Aristotelian virtue ethics to complicate the voice’s position in Aristotelian politics, presenting a pre-linguistic, feeling voice not as a negative condition haunting language and representation from the underside, but as positive, meaningful content and, even further, as the very condition that enables humanity to speak at all.
Sufi Theoeroticism, the Sophianic Feminine and Desdemona’s Tragic Heroism
Authors: Langis Unhae Park
Published: May 2024

This essay presents an ecumenical Sufi reading of Othello that meshes Sufi and Christian spiritual striving through Neoplatonism. The sapiential lens of Sufi theoeroticism, which links beauty to divine love, reveals how Desdemona both loves Othello as the Stranger in the divine sphere and enacts radical love and hospitality in the socio-political sphere of racist, Islamophobic Europe. Despite Iago’s noxious influence that diverts Othello from their joint aspiration to ‘perfect soul’ (1.2.30), Desdemona continues unfailingly on the Path, ascending to the Sophianic Feminine through her death. Included are new readings of the play’s end. The Willow Song, with its Sufized reference to the Barbary coast, becomes freshly backgrounded in ancient Egyptian mythology and intertextually read with Rumi’s own willow song, or Nay-nameh, in the preface to his famous Masnavi. Accordingly, Desdemona’s final words to Emilia, ‘Commend me to my kind lord. O, farewell’ (5.2.123–5), refer less to her earthly than to her spiritual lord. Despite her reduction to ‘nothing’ legally and sexually, Desdemona’s final act of kenosis, reveals a peerless largesse/largeness of soul, lifting her to saintly tragic heroism.
Enduring the Eventual: A Virtuous Way of Reading Shakespeare
Authors: Moretti Thomas J.
Published: May 2024

This essay considers the reading of Shakespeare as a potentially virtuous act in the university classroom.  It treats Shakespeare’s tragedies as low-stakes material that can reveal the high moral stakes for students who make personal the ethical questions that Shakespeare’s plays raise. Focusing on marital abuse in Othello, myopic scapegoating in Macbeth, and the prudence, courage, and compassion that characters in both plays lack, the essay combines textual analysis and critical self-inquiry into a method of reading for individual empowerment and virtue cultivation. Consequently, it claims that such an approach to reading would prepare students for eventual ethical scenarios that call for intense, and often immediate, action. Whether witnessing domestic violence, finding the good through physiological cues, and participating in a community to support those sick in the spirit, students could use Shakespeare’s plays as scripts to anticipate and eventually to respond virtuously to sudden, exigent ethical situations.
Thematic Equivalence and Ontological Ambivalence: Film Adaptations of the Works of Don DeLillo
Authors: Garrigós Cristina
Published: May 2024

Don DeLillo’s works have inspired several filmic adaptations, to varying degrees of success. The adaptations this chapter considers represent very different approaches to DeLillo’s works. As Linda Hutcheon writes in A Theory of Adaptation, any adaptation implies an ontological shift. Hence, the purpose of this chapter is to examine the ontological changes that the film adaptations of DeLillo’s works enact, offering a comparative account of how film adaptations translate the philosophical issues and metaphorical language of DeLillo’s works across media. To that purpose, some of the questions asked are: how are audio-visual elements utilised to translate DeLillo’s particular use of language to the screen? What is it that makes DeLillo’s texts appealing to filmmakers, especially non-American filmmakers? And what are the challenges of adapting DeLillo’s works to film and video media? To answer these and other questions, this chapter considers how, and to what extent, the filmic medium conveys and translates the dialogic, metaphorical, and philosophical aspects of DeLillo’s writing.
Phones, Words and Silences: On Performance and Performativity in DeLillo’s Narrators
Authors: Kavadlo Jesse
Published: May 2024

Great Jones Street, Don DeLillo’s 1973 novel about fictional rock star Bucky Wunderlick, features one of DeLillo’s most lyrical, elegiac descriptions of how a “telephone that’s disconnected, deprived of its sources, becomes in time an intriguing piece of sculpture. … The fact that it will not speak (although made to speak, made for no other reason) enables us to see it in a new way, as an object rather than an instrument, an object possessing a kind of historical mystery.” For Bucky, the phone is “beautiful” because it is useless. Bucky describes and admires the phone that will not speak; DeLillo describes, and seems to admire, the performer who, like the detached and mute telephone in his apartment, will not perform. What, then, becomes of such a phone? What should become of Bucky? What does DeLillo mean by speak, and, by extension, by perform? This chapter analyses performance and performativity by taking apart that pervasive apparatus of global connectivity: the telephone. Approaching ephemerality from a different perspective, this chapter considers non-functionality in DeLillo’s work; how phones might become artistic in their uselessness, or ciphers of a past age, or, in the case of The Silence, something more foreboding.