bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRIMARY LINITIS PLASTICA OF THE COLON AND RECTUM
Authors: Andersen Johan Adolph
Published: August 2010

In connection with a survey of previously published reports, three cases of primary linitis plastica of the colon and rectum are presented. The clinical symptoms appear late, and the predominant complaints are abdominal pains, changes in bowel habits and the appearance of blood in the stools. Roentgenologic examination of the colon shows a segmentally constricted lesion and in the cases where proctoscopy is carried out, the findings are often atypical. Since the histologic pattern is identical in primary and secondary linitis plastica of the colon and rectum, primary tumours in other regions, first and foremost in the stomach and, in exceptional cases, in the gall bladder, must be excluded. The treatment consists of very wide resection, accompained by hystero‐salpingooophorectomy. Cytostatic therapy may be attempted. After surgery the patients usually survive for periods ranging from a few months to two years, the average length of survival being five months.
THE APPEARANCE OF OXIDOREDUCTASES IN HEALING FRACTURES
Authors: Raekallio J. , Kovács M. , Mäkinen P.‐L.
Published: August 2010

The activity of lactate, isocitrate, glucose‐6‐phosphate, succinate and lipoamide dehydrogenases, glutathione reductase, and cytochrome oxidase was demonstrated in the healing experimental fractures of mice. The animals were killed 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 12 and 16 hours, and 1, 2 and 3 days after fracturing the right tibia. The subperiosteal osteocytes began to lose their oxidoreductase activity in ten hours. This decrease took place in a 200–500 μm deep central zone, in the immediate vicinity of the fracture line. In the same area necrosis could be histologically demonstrated in two days. In a peripheral zone, farther away from the fracture line, the oxidoreductase activity began to increase from the tenth post‐operative hour onwards in the osteoblasts and osteogenic cells of the inner periosteal layer. Lactate and lipoamide dehydrogenases showed the strongest, succinate and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenases the slightest intensification of activity. The proliferation of the periosteal cells after 16 hours contributed to the increase in oxidoreductase activity, remaining strong during the rest of the experimental period. Similar phenomena were observed in the endosteum, cytochrome oxidase showing the most intense reaction there. The decreasing enzyme activity in the central zone is an early sign of imminent necrosis. The initial increase in oxidoreductase activity in the peripheral zone represents an important part of the enzymatic response to injury, depicting the changing energy production in traumatized tissue.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF GRANULAR CELL MYOBLASTOMA
Authors: Henrik Per , Carstens Becher
Published: August 2010

Granular cell myoblastomas are among the controversial tumors. Not only has there been disagreement about their origin but also about whether the entity represents a neoplasm or a histiocytic response. In this electron microscopic study of three granular cell myoblastomas, support for the neurogenic origin was obtained by the finding of tumor cells with distinct basement membranes, containing cell inclusions of three different kinds and varying amounts of unmyelinated axons. The three cell inclusions were: The osmiophilic concentric lamellae; the homogeneous lighter bodies, and the aggregates of tubular filaments. The study demonstrated that the osmiophilic concentric lamellae and the homogeneous lighter bodies take origin from degenerating mitochondria within the unmyelinated axons and the aggregates of tubular filaments appear to take origin from the neurofilament within the unmyelinated axons.
PERFUSION FIXATION WITH GLUTARALDEHYDE FOR ELECTRONMICROSCOPY OF HUMAN THYROID TUMOURS
Authors: Heimann Peter
Published: August 2010

A method has been worked out to perfuse a thyroid lobe containing a thyroid tumour immediately after it has been removed from the organism. The surgical technique and the fixation method are described. The preservation of the thyroid tissue that was achieved with the described method is of adequate quality and comparable with results obtained in experimental animals. The method has so far been used in 30 cases, of which 4 are represented by micrographs in this preliminary communication.
Acute Unmodified Kidney Allograft Rejection in the Rabbit
Authors: Heron Iver
Published: August 2010

Within 1–4 days after kidney transplantation mononuclear cell infiltration developed in rabbit homotransplants. The early cells aggregated around interlobular vessels and gradually infiltrated the cortex during the next few days, spreading predominantly through inter‐tubular connective tissue. Swelling of endothelial cells lining medium sized vessels was noted and in transplants surviving for more than 10 days these vessels showed intimal proliferation. Glomerular changes were not prominent. A few immunoglobulin‐containing cells could be detected by fluorescence microscopy in most of the transplants at the time of rejection. The morphological changes are compared with observations made by others, and differences in the results of immunofluorescence studies are pointed out. It is concluded that the results of immunohistological investigations are not comparable as long as no standardization of immunofluorescence reagents and methods exists.
Correlation of Histologic Features in two groups of liver Biopsies with Cirrhosis and fatty change the first with and the second Without Mallory Bodies
Authors: Christoffersen Per , Poulsen Hemming
Published: August 2010

On comparison of histological qualities in two consecutive series of liver biopsies all exhibiting cirrhosis and fatty change, one with and one without Mallory bodies, the morphological activity (measured by the number of disintegrated liver cells and inflammatory reaction) is found convincingly greater in the series with Mallory bodies. While the degree of cirrhosis measured by the degree of fibrosis is not significantly different in the two series, the degree of destroyed architecture is more pronounced in biopsies with Mallory bodies. The possible reasons for this difference are discussed.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC DEMONSTRATION OF SULPHATED MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES IN FIBROUS CALLUS MAST CELLS IN FRACTURE REPAIR IN RATS
Authors: Lindholm T. S. , Lindholm R. V. , Rosengård S. , Hackman R.
Published: August 2010

Mast cells in the periosteal callus of healing experimental fractures in rats were shown to incorporate 35S‐Iabelled substances. During the first two weeks after fracture, i. e. the organic phase of repair, the uptake of label reached a maximum. As mineralization of the fractures proceeded, the labelling became less intense and the total number of mast cells decreased. It is discussed whether the mucopolysaccharides of the mast cells undergo metabolic changes in the process of repair.
ACCELERATION OF CASEIN INDUCED AMYLOIDOSIS IN MICE BY IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS
Authors: Hardt Finn
Published: August 2010

The effect of various immunosuppressive agents on the experimental mice amyloidosis has been examined. The mice were pretreated with 21 injections casein, on day 1, 3 and 5 after this treatment 12 immunosuppressive agents were applied to 12 groups of mice in dosis corresponding to LD10. All drugs applied accelerated the amyloidosis, even they differ in metabolic blocking potencies. The results seem to indicate that any interference with the immune apparatus of the mice favours the development of amyloidosis.
THE PARATHYROIDS IN SUDDEN, UNEXPECTED DEATH IN INFANTS*
Authors: Valdés‐Dapena Marie A. , Weinstein Donald S.
Published: August 2010

Two or more parathyroid glands, of normal gross and histologic appearance, were identified in all of 88 infants who had died suddenly and unexpectedly and in 47 of 49 controls of similar age. Close approximation or intimate fusion of the parathyroid with cervical thymic tissue, either a cervical continuation of the major thymic mass or, more frequently, an independent nodule of thymic tissue, was observed in 58 per cent of the infants who had died suddenly and in only 37 per cent of the controls. Such union is considered to be a variant of normal in the infant. In many of the controls the stress of the terminal illness, not experienced by the infants who had died instantaneously, may have been responsible for involution of such cervical thymic masses so that they were no longer readily demonstrated.
MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS TYPE III (SANFILIPPO'S SYNDROME)
Authors: Jensen O. A.
Published: August 2010

In a clinically diagnosed case of Sanfilippo's syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis type III) histopathological examination of the eyes revealed accumulation of a granular material mainly in the sclera and to a lesser degree in the cornea and ciliary body. Similar scleral changes have previously been reported in various types of mucopolysaccharidosis in six cases only, and ciliary body changes in two cases only. It is emphasized that ocular involvement including corneal changes may be found histopathologically even if not clinically detected. The main histopathological findings in the cerebrum and cerebellum were ballooning of ganglion cells similar to the findings in other types of storage disease. By applying a battery of histochemical methods to the ocular and cerebral material, the findings indicated 1) a difference between the stored material in the brain and in the eyes, 2) that the stored material in the ganglion cells of the brain was probably of a ganglioside nature and 3) that the material in the eyes was consistent with an acid mucopolysaccharide, undoubtedly sul‐phated and probably rich in heparitin sulphate. These findings are compared with the suggested biochemical changes and the correlation between these and the morphology is discussed. The writer is in favour of the theory of a basic enzyme defect leading to accumulation of the granular material in the cells. Addition of normal and pathological cytoplasmic constituents are probably responsible for the difference in histochemical findings, especially in fibrocytes and ganglion cells, as revealed by the present study. The eyes have not previously been histopathologically or histochemically examined in Sanfilippo's syndrome.
THREE‐DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION IN HISTOLOGY
Authors: Jørgensen M.
Published: August 2010

A new technique for three‐dimensional reconstruction from serial sections is described. The method implies transfer of drawings of histological sections to acryl plates and after gluing the plates together, a highly transparent block is produced, in which details can easily be examined. This technique can be characterized as quick, handy and non expensive. As a choice between the available methods is necessary in order to meet the special demands of the investigation in question, a short survey of the present methods is given.
ENDOMETRIAL ENZYMATIC DEFECTS IN STERILITY
Authors: Jensen Henning , Sørensen Gudik , Pedersen Henning
Published: August 2010

The activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases and of dehydrogenases (NADH, LDH, SDH, α‐glyc. and G‐6‐DH) have been studied in a material of endometrial biopsy specimens taken about six days after the ovulation from 23 women with undesired childlessness. The results are in fair agreement with those of previous examinations of the endometrium, except regarding the activity of G‐6‐DH, which varied considerably. In six women with no detectable cause of sterility no activity of G‐6‐DH could be demonstrated. The possibility of a causative relation between blocking of the pentose shunt and sterility is suggested.
STROMAL RESPONSE IN BREAST CARCINOMA AND FIBROADENOMATOSIS, ESTIMATED BY THE AID OF THE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY
Authors: Jensen Henning , Sghiødt Torben
Published: August 2010

80 specimens of mammary tissue presenting benign and malignant changes were subjected to biopsy with a view to disclosing activity of unspecific a'lkaline phosphatases. The material comprised 40 carcinomas, 32 cases of fibroadenomatosis, 7 fibroadenomas, and 1 carcinoma in situ. In the cases of carcinoma no or only slight phosphatase activity was found in the tumour cells. The surrounding stroma often showed “reaction zones” formed by proliferating fibroblasts with high phosphatase activity. This stromal response was found in 65 per cent of the biopsy specimens of carcinoma, while another 7.5 per cent were doubtfully positive. The incidence of reaction zones was seen to increase appreciably with rising grades of tumour anaplasia. (Grade I 33.3 per cent, grade II 65 per cent, and grade III 90.9 per cent). Further, correlation was found between reaction zones and stromal lymphocyte infiltrates. The pathogenesis of the reaction zones is discussed, and the conclusion has been drawn that a stromal reaction against the tumour must be the most likely hypothesis. In fibroadenomatosis 18.8 per cent of the biopsies revealed reaction zones. The question has been considered whether the observation might be employed for a delimitation of a high risk group of patients with fibroadenomatosis.
THE RELIABILITY OF PATHOLOGISTS
Authors: Iversen Olav Hilmar , Sandnes Kjell
Published: August 2010

The slides from 35 cases of lymph node biopsies with the initial diagnosis of Giant Follicular Lymphoma or Giant Follicular Hyperplasia were re‐examined according to selected histo‐pathological criteria. The same slides were also sent for diagnosis to eight different trained pathologists without any information on previous diagnosis or clinical picture. The 35 patients were clinically followed up and their fates registered. There were some (2 of 19 cases) false positive diagnoses, and some (2 of 16 cases) false negative diagnoses. Differences of opinion between the pathologists were registered.
THE METAL (SULPHIDE SILVER METHOD) AND ENZYME CYTOCHEMICAL PATTERN OF HUMAN SEMINAL SPERMATOZOA
Authors: Boström Kerstin
Published: August 2010

Ejaculates from 200 men were examined by the sulphide silver method for the demonstration of metals and by cytochemical methods for the demonstration of lactate and succinic dehydrogenase, NADH‐diaphorase, acid and alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific esterase. By the sulphide silver method, a band‐shaped pattern of silver precipitates (sulphide silver pattern, SSP) appeared in the middle piece of the spermatozoa. 5–9 transverse or oblique bands was regarded as normal. Spermatozoa classified as normally outlined as well as spermatozoa classified as abnormally outlined sometimes showed irregularities in the SSP of the middle piece. The sulphide silver method thus provides a possibility for a further differentiation of spermatozoa. Also by cytochemical methods for the demonstration of lactate and succinic dehydrogenase and NADH‐diaphorase, a band‐shaped pattern appeared in the middle piece, though somewhat less distinct than the SSP. A statistically significant correlation between the percentage of spermatozoa with a regular SSP of the middle piece and the percentage of motile spermatozoa was found.
IN VITRO STUDIES OF CHICKEN LYMPHOID CELLS
Authors: Alm Gunnar V.
Published: August 2010

A tissue culture technique for the study of the mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) occurring between allogeneic chicken spleen cells was developed. Some features of the one‐way MLR, using mitomycin C‐treated spleen cells as stimulators, and the two‐way MLR were characterized. Cells forming antibody to histocompatibility or other antigens common to lymphoid cells and erythrocytes could not be detected in the MLR. Spleen cells from hypogamma‐globulinaemic bursectomized‐irradiated chickens reacted normally both in the two‐way and one‐way MLR. It is suggested that the MLR occurs between thymus‐dependent lymphoid cells or between such cells and macrophages. Bursa‐dependent lymphoid cells appear to play a non‐essential role, if any, in the MLR.
A TECHNIQUE FOR ACCESSORY CERVICAL HEART TRANSPLANTATION IN RABBITS AND RATS
Authors: Heron Iver
Published: August 2010

A surgical method for accessory cervical heart transplantation in rabbits and rats has been developed and the procedure is described in detail. For blood vessel anastomosis the method employs an extra‐luminal teflon prosthesis. This non suture technique is found to be easy, quick and reliable in the hands of an operator without experience in microsurgery. The most frequent postoperative complication is thrombosis of the carotid artery occuring in 30 per cent of the rabbit recipients and 10–15 per cent of the rats. The superficial cervical localization of the transplant is found to be advantageous for control with function of the heart, and for exact determination of endpoint of the rejection process.
A CYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF LIVER PROLIFERATION AND EXPERIMENTAL LIVER DISORDERS IN THE RAT
Authors: Ekelund Paul
Published: August 2010

The cytochemical findings in cytological preparations of rat liver following partial hepatectomy were compared with those observed in connexion with α‐naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT), and thioacetamide (TAA) intoxication. In conjunction with liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, the main findings were extensive bile canalicular branching, as revealed by staining for naphthylamidase, cytoplasmic fatty vacuolization, enlargement of nucleoli, and an increase in succinic dehydrogenase and β‐glucuronidase activities. After a single injection of TAA, a biphasic proliferation pattern seemed to be demonstrable; after a primary stage of bile canalicular branching, hepatocellular damage was noted, whereafter a second stage of canalicular branching followed. During ANIT treatment bile canalicular dilatation was the main feature. The results of the study seem to offer useful cytochemical criteria of hepatocellular proliferation.
TIME SEQUENCE STUDY OF NORADRENALINE DEPLETION OF KIDNEY, SPLEEN AND HEART AND OF JUXTAGLOMERULAR DEGRANULATION IN MICE WITH EHRLICH ASCITES CARCINOMA
Authors: Tallqvist G. , Penttilä A. , Almqvist A. , Jansson S. E.
Published: August 2010

Albino mice were injected intraperitoneally with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Experimental animals and intact controls were killed at 2–3‐day‐intervals for 16 days after injection. Samples were taken from the kidney for histochemical estimation of the noradrenaline content of perivascular sympathetic nerve fibres and for evalution of the juxtaglomerular granularity index. Noradrenaline was estimated biochemically in the kidney, heart and spleen. We found histochemical signs of noradrenaline depletion that was maximal about 7 days after injection and most pronounced in the smallest arterial blood vessels. Noradrenaline levels were normal 12 days after injection, but later were again subnormal. The biochemical assay showed a reversible 10 to 30 per cent noradrenaline depletion in the kidney and heart. Corresponding findings in the spleen were of doubtful validity because of a considerable increase in spleen weight. Different possible causes of these phenomena are discussed.
CYTOTOXIC ANTIBODIES AND ACCELLERATED REJECTION OF THE TRANSPLANTED RABBIT HEART THE EFFECT OF PRESENSITIZATION
Authors: Heron Iver
Published: August 2010

In a group of 20 unmodified rabbit recipients receiving a cardiac allograft 7 rabbits formed lymphocytotoxic antibodies. The histological features of rejection were identical in all cases, independent of antibody formation. Thirteen rabbits were presensitized against the prospective heart donor by means of skin grafts and spleen cell injections, and the majority of these recipients were transplanted in the presence of donorreactive cytotoxic antibodies. Accellerated rejection took place in every recipient but the rapidity, of the reaction and the histological picture did not correlate well with the presence and potency of preexisting antibodies. Histological findings varied considerably including infiltration of mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, extensive oedema and interstitial haemorrhage, and early degeneration of myofibres. Only one case of “hyperacute” clinical rejection was observed, in which the transplant was rejected within 2 1/2 hrs. Heavy deposits of gamma‐globulins were demonstrated by the fluorescent antibody method to be localized in the vessel walls of this transplant.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE DECAY OF LYMPHOID CELLS IN THE THYMOLYMPHATIC SYSTEM DURING INANITION AND RESTITUTION
Authors: Claesson Mogens Helweg , Kirk Henning
Published: August 2010

Studies of the decay of lymphoid cells in the thymolyniphatic system have been performed on lymphoid organ suspensions from intact and adrenalectomized groups of mice subjected to varying degrees of starvation and restitution. During starvation the percentage of decaying cells in the lymphoid organs increased in intact mice, but remained at normal levels in operated mice. In normally fed animals the removal of their adrenal glands did not influence lymphoid cell decay under normal conditions. It was concluded that the adrenal glands play a central role in the stress mediated decay of lymphoid cells while the adrenals under normal conditions are of no importance to lymphoid cell decay.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THE CYTOLOGIC AND METABOLIC CHARACTERISTICS OF C3H MOUSE CELLS DURING “SPONTANEOUS” ALTERATION AND NEOPLASTIC CONVERSION IN VITRO
Authors: Kieler J. , Moore J. , Biczowa B. , Radzikowski C.
Published: August 2010

During long‐term cultivation in vitro animal cells frequently undergo a number of morphological changes which are accompanied by the development of a capacity for continuous growth. This so‐called phase of alteration is sometimes followed by a phase during which the altered cells apparently spontaneously develop tumorogenic properties. It is a matter of discussion whether the difference between these two phases of development is merely a difference of transplantability, or whether more fundamental changes of the altered cells are required before they become tumorogenic. In order to elucidate this problem the cytologic, metabolic, and growth characteristics of C3H mouse cells undergoing “spontaneous” alteration and neoplastic conversion in vitro were investigated. Quantitative studies of cell dimensions, number of nuclei and nucleoli, percentage of mitotic abnormalities and of chromosomal abnormalities revealed no characteristic differences between altered, non‐tumorogenic cells and tumorogenic cells. The most striking cytogenic abnormality was the appearance of an unusually large number of biarmed chromosomes in one of the non‐tumorogenic cell lines (C3H‐M), which showed an accrocentric mode af 36, a subtelo‐centric mode of 3, and a metacentric mode of 26. This abnormality persisted after the development of tumorogenic properties. Although the rate of glycolysis could not be correlated with the rate of tumorogenicity, when four different cell lines were compared, the development and increase of tumorogenic properties within two individual cell lines was accompanied by an increase in the glycolytic capacity. The glycolytic activity did not correlate with the rate of growth as measured by the doubling time under standard conditions of cultivation. However, if pCO2 was raised to 10 per cent atm only cells with a high rate of glycolyis were able to maintain their normal rate of growth. It is suggested 1) that an increased glycolytic capacity may be necessary to maintain a high growth potential of the cells under in vivo conditions, where they might be exposed to low O2 and high CO2 tensions — 2) and that a high growth potential may be essential for tumour production if, as in the case of the present experiments, immunological barriers have to be overcome when the malignancy of the cultured cells is tested in transplantation experiments.
STUDIES OF THE GOITROGENIC AND ONCOGENIC EFFECT OF METHYLTHIOURACIL IN C3H MICE
Authors: Jemeg B.
Published: August 2010

Methylthiouracil (4‐Methyl‐2‐thiouracil: MTU) had a strong goitrogenic effect in C3H mice. Metabolic studies showed a significantly higher consumption of oxygen in thyroid gland tissue after treatment with MTU. Malignant changes were not observed. The serum of MTU and Thycapzol treated mice showed a higher capacity to bind T3—indicating a lower production of endogenous T4.
HISTOLOGY OF THE INDUCTION PHASE OF THE PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE IN LYMPH NODES OF GERMFREE MICE
Authors: Borum Kirstine , Claesson M. H.
Published: August 2010

Half an hour, 4, 8, 16, 24 hours and 6 days after the injection of chicken red blood cells (CRBC) into the hind foot pads of germfree mice their popliteal lymph nodes were studied in one‐micron sections and in the electron microscope. The untreated germfree lymph node was characterized by the absence of a sinus system and a poor cellularity. Mast cell degeneration, dilatation of small blood vessels, infiltration of the peripheral lymph node parenchyma with polymorphonuclear cells and formation and widening of a sub‐capsulary sinus space were early signs of antigenic stimulation. Later, dilatation of high endothelial venules filled up with leucocytes, lymphocyte infiltration and lymphocyte degeneration were prominent features of the induction phase. Six days after stimulation germinal centre activity had developed.
ADENOMA OF THE NIPPLE WITH CARCINOMATOUS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Gudjónsdóttir ÁSa , Hägerstrand Inga , ÖStberg Görel
Published: August 2010

Adenoma of the nipple with carcinomatous development. A tumour of the nipple of a 56‐year‐old woman had the characteristics of an adenoma of the nipple and was considered benign in spite of small areas of cellular polymorphism. The patient died five weeks later and at necropsy tumour metastases were found in lymph nodes in the right axilla, similar to the nipple tumour. Other metastases in lymph nodes, liver, left kidney, spleen and spinal column were less differentiated but were apparently secondaries of the nipple tumour. No other primary tumour was found at autopsy. Adenoma of the nipple is generally considered a benign tumour, and this case is the first example of malignant change and general spread.
REVERSION OF THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF BUSULPHAN ON BONE MARROW CELL PROLIFERATION BY CHLORAMBUCIL
Authors: Niskanen E. , Rytömaa T. , Kivilaakso E.
Published: August 2010

Serum drawn on the eight and ninth day after the combined administration of busul‐phan and chlorambucil caused a distinct increase in the incorporation of 3H‐thymidine compared with control serum. This was taken as evidence that there is in the serum at these points of time a factor that stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow cells and is similar to antichalone in its properties. This view was substantiated by the finding that serum taken on the ninth day also increased the uptake of 3H‐adenine. Sera taken on the second and sixth day did not influence the incorporation of 3H‐thymidine compared with the control serum. The stimulating factor was at first weaker after the combined administration of the two cytostatics than after chlorambucil alone, but the situation was reversed after the ninth day. This was in good accord with the changes in the blood picture. The sera now had a distinctly greater stimulating effect on the incorporation of 3H‐thymidine than the sera taken after busulphan treatment. The serum taken after two days was an exception. The modes of action of busulphan and its relationship to chalone are discussed.
THE RENIN SYSTEM IN MICE
Authors: Bing Jens , Poulsen Knud
Published: August 2010

In different strains of mice the sum of renal and submaxillary renin was found to vary from about 10 to about 1000 Haas‐Goldblatt units, about 7 to well over 98 per cent of which was found in the submaxillary glands. The plasma renin and angiotensinogen concentrations were independent of these variations. Following submaxillary sialo‐adenectomy there was only a slight decrease, if any, in plasma renin or increase in plasma angiotensinogen. Contrary to this, nephrectomy was followed by a marked decrease in plasma renin and a marked increase in plasma angiotensinogen, both of which were independent of the highly varying amount of submaxillary renin left in the organism. The postnephrec‐tomy increase in angiotensinogen was further independent of variations in the pre‐operative plasma and renal renin, supporting the previous conclusion that it must be due to loss of some internal factor other than renin or to loss of some external renal function.
RENAL TRANSPLANTATION IN RABBITS
Authors: Lund B. , Jensen O. Myhre
Published: August 2010

The histological changes in 57 renal allografts from rabbits presensitized by multiple skin grafts have been studied semiquantitatively. No histological changes, except oedema, were observed in 11 allografts removed within 6 hours after transplantation because of clinical rejection. Eleven allografts removed 1–5 days after transplantation showed the pattern of hyperacute rejection: extensive glomerular microthrombosis and cortical necrosis. Circulating cytotoxic antibodies against donor leucocytes did not always induce hyperacute rejection, but they were found in all the cases of hyperacute rejection tested for their presence. The most conspicous difference between the allograft reaction in sensitized and in non‐sensitized recipients was the early appearance and the increased frequency of exudative glomerulitis and glomerular microthrombosis. In addition proliferation of the endothelial cells of the glomeruli and vessels and vasculitis were more frequent in sensitized rabbits. The results indicate that presensitization accelerates allograft rejection in rabbits and suggest that this process, which in several cases was morphologically similar to human hyperacute allograft reaction, is to some extent related to circulating antibodies.
CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS AND THEIR RELATION TO MALIGNANCY IN MENINGOMAS: A MENINGOMA WITH RING CHROMOSOMES
Authors: Mark Joachim
Published: August 2010

A benign human tumour, a hypodiploid meningoma, with a ring chromosome in its stemline is described. This study, together with previous findings in 11 other benign meningomas, demonstrates that neither considerable aneuploidy nor structural aberrations are reliable cytogenetical indicators of malignant transformation. In early in vitro passages of the present meningoma the hypodiploid stemline with the ring chromosome was replaced by a normal, diploid stemline, whereas a 45‐chromosome sideline with loss of one G chromosome was seen in all fixations. Outgrowth of stroma cells could be responsible for the stemline shift. The persisting sideline may represent a remnant of a stemline developed at an earlier period of the in vivo growth of the meningoma.
THE ISO—AND ALLOTRANSPLANTED RAT HEART
Authors: Heron Iver
Published: August 2010

The morphological changes in 18 isografted and 108 allografted hearts have been studied in three inbred strains of rats. Focal cellular infiltrates were occasionally present in isografts in or near areas of infarction, and showed regressive tendency during the weeks after transplantation. Lymphoid cell infiltration in allografts was observed from the third day and increased progressively till a few days before terminal rejection, at which time extensive myocardial degeneration and oedema were the most prominent changes. Electrocardiograms from isografts remained almost unaltered for prolonged periods, while allografts gradually lost voltage of the R‐wave during rejection. Haemagglutinating red cell antibodies and lymphocytotoxic antibodies were regularly produced during rejection in the combinations investigated.
ON MILD DEGREES OF FLUOROSIS
Authors: Sundström B.
Published: August 2010

24 recently weaned Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided equally into 3 groups and given distilled drinking water ad libitum containing 0, 1 or 5 ppm F‐ (as NaF), respectively. Among the 13 animals that received the fluoridated water and survived the 2‐year experimental period, 4 developed macroradiographically demonstrable resorption cavities in their femurs. Three of these animals belonged to the 1 ppm group. No resorption cavities were seen in the 6 surviving, control rats. There was no sign of tooth changes, especially no striated depigmentation of the enamel of the incisors.
SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS OF THE KIDNEY IN RATS WITH RENAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Ljungqvist Arne , Ungerstedt Urban
Published: August 2010

Unilateral renal artery stenosis was produced in 60 rats. Hypertension developed in 46, and was allowed to persist for various lengths of time. Nine unoperated rats served as normal controls. The adrenergic innervation pattern of the kidneys was examined by the histochemical fluorescence method. In the stenosed kidney of the early hypertensive rat there was a reduction and disappearance of the nerve pattern, particularly at the juxtaglomerular level. Prolongation of the hypertension first led to normalization of the nerve pattern in the stenosed kidney, and later to the appearance of large numbers of intensely fluorescent nerve fibres in this kidney. The possibility that the innervation alterations are the result of a denervation of the stenosed kidney followed by a re‐innervation is discussed, but found less probable. It is alternatively suggested that the findings reflect a depletion of the adrenergic transmitter due to an angiotensin‐induced increase in the release of the substance during the developmental phase of the hypertension. The findings in the stenosed kidney of late hypertensive rats may either reflect an over‐loading by adrenergic transmitter or be a non‐specific feature secondary to the contraction of the kidney parenchyma.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE ALVEOLAR WALL IN EXPERIMENTAL PARAQUAT POISONING
Authors: Modée Jan , Ivemark Biörn I. , Robertson Bengt
Published: August 2010

Electron microscopic studies of the rat lung were carried out at various intervals after subcutaneous injection of paraquat. Within 12–18 hours after paraquat injection, capillary engorgement and interstitial oedema were noted in alveolar walls. After 24 hours there was, in addition, mitochondrial degeneration and cytoplasmatic vacuolization in granular pneumocytes, membraneous pneumocytes, and capillary endothelial cells. Desquamation of necrotic alveolar epithelial cells was a characteristic feature 48 hours after injection of paraquat. Many of these desquamated cells were identified as granular pneumocytes from their preserved lamellar inclusions. The severe ultrastructural lesions of the alveolar epithelium may serve to explain the derangement of pulmonary surfactant which has been observed in paraquat poisoning under similar experimental conditions.
CELL SURFACE CHARGE AND METASTASIS FORMATION
Authors: Hagmar Björn
Published: August 2010

An attempt was made to evaluate experimentally the importance of surface charge characteristics of tumour cells for growth of subcutaneous transplants and for metastasis distribution and growth in a syngeneic tumour‐host system (MCG1‐SS in CBA mice). The effect of nonsubstituted dextran (D) was compared to those of the polycation DEAE‐dextran (DEAE‐D) and the polyanion dextran‐sulphate (DS). Heparin was included in some of the experiments as an additional polyanion. D, DS and heparin increased the net negative surface charge of the tumour cells, while DEAE‐D drastically reduced or reversed it, as determined by cell electrophoresis. When given as intravenous pretreatment, the dextrans caused no significant changes in the total amount of metastases. When added to the cell suspensions, dextran (D) and DEAE‐D increased the total metastasis crop by giving larger pulmonary metastases and increasing the number of tumour “takes” in other organs. In the case of dextran (D), this was parallelled by a tendency to promoted growth of subcutaneously transplanted tumour cells, while DEAE‐D blocked the subcutaneous transplantability of the tumour cells. This effect was reversible and could be removed by DS treatment of the cells. DS treatment alone of the tumour cells did not affect metastasis formation to any significant extent. This was in contrast to heparin treatment which seemed to shunt metastases past the lungs, i. e. the first capillary bed encountered after injection. The lack of DS effect was tentatively explained as an interplay between impaired lodgement in vessels and promoted transplantability. For DS treatment of cells improved their subcutaneous transplantability, evidenced by the quicker growth and larger resulting tumour volumes. Heparin only hastened the growth of subcutaneously transplanted cells. No evidence was found that the dextrans or heparin brought about the differences in transplantability or metastasis formation by altered aggregatability in the tumour cell suspensions. Neither did they affect the viability index determined by dye exclusion of the tumour cells in suspension. DEAE‐D seemed to increase the mechanical resistance of vigourously agitated cells in suspension, however.
STUDIES ON THE IN VIVO EFFECT OF POKE WEED MITOGEN (PWM) ON THE LYMPHOID TISSUE OF THE RAT
Authors: Jørgensen Hans Paulli , Jensen Mogens Krogh , Olsen Jens Erland
Published: August 2010

Intraperitoneal injections of PWM in rats had no effect on the haemoglobin concentration or leucocyte and lymphocyte counts. A transformation of the lymphocytes of the peripheral blood to large “blast‐like” DNA‐synthesizing cells – as seen in vitro– did not occur. PWM produced a significant increase of the spleen weight, and the spleen follicles and the red pulp showed an increased cellularity with many pyroninophilic large immature lymphocytes. The lymph nodes showed disorganization of the normal structure with an increased number of immature lymphocytes, reticulum cells and plasma cells. The bone marrow and thymus were unaffected.
RENAL TRANSPLANTATION IN RABBITS
Authors: Lund B. , Hansen E. Sommer
Published: August 2010

The frequency, localization and time of IgG deposition have been studied in 48 renal allografts from rabbits with donor specific lymphocytotoxic antibodies prior to kidney transplantation. The antibodies were induced by multiple skin‐grafts. The kidney grafts were removed three hours to five days after transplantation. Glomerular and/or vascular IgG deposits were found in 25 of the 48 allografts. Ten of these 25 allografts presented histological evidence of hyperacute or accelerated rejection, five other allografts were removed because of clinical hyperacute rejection, but were without histological signs of rejection, and the last ten allografts with IgG deposits had alterations similar to those found in allografts from non‐sensitized rabbits. In the 23 allografts without glomerular or vascular IgG deposits, hyperacute or accelerated rejection was demonstrated by light microscopy in 12 cases, three allografts were removed because of clinical rejection, but were without histological signs of rejection, and the last eight allografts had alterations similar to those in allografts from non‐sensitized rabbits. The frequency of glomerular IgG deposits was greater and the deposits appeared earlier in allografts from sensitized than in allografts from nonsensitized rabbits. The apparantly increased frequency of vascular IgG deposits was not statistically significant. No constant relation was found between IgG deposits and lymphocytotoxic antibodies or histological alterations in the allografts—even in cases with accelerated or hyperacute rejection.
THE EFFECT OF SYNGENEIC TRANSFER OF NORMAL LYMPHOID CELLS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CASEIN‐INDUCED AMYLOIDOSIS IN MICE
Authors: Hardt F. , Ebbesen P. , Moesner J.
Published: August 2010

Mouse amyloid induction with casein was accelerated by weekly injections of 108 syngeneic non‐sensitized lymph node cells. Injections of spleen cells and of a mixture of thymus and bone marrow cells were without effect. A slight drop in the level of circulating casein‐antibodies was noticed in mice having received lymph node cells. Two explanations of the acceleration were considered. An accelerating factor may be released from desintegrating lymph node cells or lymph node cells are producing the amyloid fibrils which later lodge in the spleen.
RELEASE OF ANTIGEN‐BINDING CELLS FROM THE SPLEEN INTO THE BLOOD
Authors: Sandberg Göran
Published: August 2010

The splenic release of lymphocytes specifically engaged in an immune response was quantitated in guinea pigs during a secondary response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The number of cells forming rosettes with SRBC was compared in splenic venous and arterial blood. The splenic veno‐arterial difference in the number of rosette‐forming cells (RFC) was compared in normal guinea pigs and at different intervals after a booster dose of SRBC, given 3 weeks after a primary dose. In normal guinea pigs there was no release of RFC from the spleen. A small release was found 3 weeks after a primary dose of SRBC. After a booster dose the splenic veno‐arterial difference in the number of RFC increased to a maximal value after 6 days. Simultaneously, the number of RFC was increasing in both the spleen and the blood. The results clearly indicate that the spleen releases lymphocytes with specific antigen receptors during the secondary immune response to SRBC.
HISTOLOGICAL TYPING OF GASTRIC CARCINOMA
Authors: Stalsberg Helge
Published: August 2010

Histological classification of gastric carcinomas into the main types intestinal and diffuse was made according to Laurén's method. Autopsy material was compared to surgical material, and metastases were compared to primary tumours, with regard to type distribution and reproducibility. The proportion of diffuse tumours was substantially higher in the total autopsy material than in the total surgical material. This was probably due to a stronger tendency for diffuse tumours to reach an inoperable stage before the diagnosis is made. In patients from whom both surgical and autopsy specimens were available, the same type was diagnosed in both in the majority of cases, and the proportion of diffuse tumours was only slightly higher if typed from the autopsy material than if typed from the surgical material. The reproducibility of histological typing in two independent readings of the same sections was 91 per cent in surgical material and 84 per cent in autopsy material. Metastases reproduced the histological type of the primary tumour in 65 per cent for all metastatic sites combined. Diffuse patterns were most frequently reproduced in metastases to adipose and fibrous tissues, and intestinal patterns were most frequently reproduced in metastases to the liver.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN TISSUE SECTIONS AND TISSUE HOMOGENATES
Authors: Jensen Henning
Published: August 2010

The dehydrogenase activity in tissue sections was demonstrated by means of the ditetrazolium salt Nitro‐Blue‐Tetrazolium. It was found to be reduced to formazan compounds which, when precipitated in the tissues, indicate the enzyme activity. The same method can be employed for an estimatinon of the dehydrogenase activity in tissue homogenates. The formazan compounds are dissolved and the amount determined colorimetrically. The accuracy of the results depends on a complete dissolution of the produced formazan compounds. A method fulfilling these requirements is described. It was shown in a series of experiments that the produced amount of formazan indicates a corresponding enzyme activity (dependent on the added specific substrate). The reproducibility of the results is demonstrated and the influence of the pH values on the enzyme activity is discussed. The necessity of including control sections and blanks is illustrated. Comparative studies of semiquantitative (histochemical) and quantitative (colorimetric) measurements gave concordant results. Finally, it was shown that microscopy of tissue sections stained for dehydrogenase activity affords a possibility of estimating the intensities of the enzyme activities.
THE ADRENAL GLANDS IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: Bech Karine , Nielsen Erling Lykkegaard
Published: August 2010

The findings obtained by morphological investigation of the adrenal glands from 23 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), have been compared with the findings in 46 controls. In 14 patients with CF, changes in the form of necrosis and/or haemorrhage in the permanent cortex were found and, in addition, in 3 of these there was an accumulation of lipid. The changes were independent of age. In 8 control patients, similar changes localized to the same site were found, but almost exclusively in older children. No correlation was found between these changes and the clinical course of the disease. A number of different investigations suggesting changes in the steroid metabolism in CF are reported.
EFFECT OF 5‐FLUORODEOXYURIDINE ON SPLENIC RELEASE OF LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Ernström U. , Nordlind K.
Published: August 2010

Sham‐operated and thymectomized guinea‐pigs were treated with 5‐FUdR. The release of lymphocytes from the spleen was estimated by comparison between the cell content in afferent and efferent splenic blood. The thymectomized animals had a lower number of circulating blood lymphocytes and a slightly smaller release of lymphocytes from the spleen than the sham‐operated animals. The treatment with 5‐FUdR reduced the number of circulating blood lymphocytes to about the same extent in sham‐operated and thymectomized animals. The splenic release of small lymphocytes to the blood was also decreased by 5‐FUdR in both sham‐operated and thymectomized animals. Thus, the results indicated that 5‐FUdR interfered with the release of lymphocytes from the spleen. No evidence was obtained for a major role of the thymus in the recovery of a normal splenic release of lymphocytes to the blood after treatment with 5‐FUdR.
INFLUENCE OF AGE AND SEX AND OF CASTRATION ON RENIN SUBSTRATE OF NORMAL AND NEPHRECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Bing Jens , Jørgensen Jørgen
Published: August 2010

The average renin substrate concentration in 15‐day‐old female and male Wistar rats was about 300, expressed as ng angiotensin per ml. With increasing age it rose rapidly to a maximum of about 400 ng in females, and more slowly to about 700 ng in males. Castration of mature or immature rats of both sexes did not influence either renin substrate or the degree of its increase following nephrectomy. The average postbinephrectomy values was about 3100 ± 1000 ng in both sexes, being about 9 times increased in mature females and about 6 times in mature males. In immature females the postbinephrectomy values had increased by about 8 times, up to about 2400 ng. Renin substrate seems to be markedly influenced by changes in the environment.
RELATION BETWEEN RENIN SUBSTRATE AND ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS
Authors: Bing Jens
Published: August 2010

In adrenalectomized rats, renin substrate was, as previously found, extremely low in non‐substituted animals, markedly decreased in salt‐ substituted animals, but only slightly decreased in both salt‐ and DOCA‐substituted animals. After three of four injuries, known to increase acute phase proteins, there was also an adrenal‐dependent increase in renin substrate. A similar adrenal‐dependent increase in substrate was further found in 24‐hour uninephrectomized rats and in rats with ceased urine excretion, while the increase after binephrectomy is non‐adrenal‐dependent and thus not due to ceased urine excretion.
RENAL MORPHOLOGY IN BURNED RATS
Authors: Ericsson Jan L. E. , Rammer Lennart
Published: August 2010

The renal structure in rats subjected to a 14 per cent, third degree sublethal thermal injury was studied by light and electron microscopy. Haemolysis with resultant haemoglobinuria was found to be associated with the presence of haemoglobin‐like material in Bowman's spaces, tubular lumina and in the tubular cells. The findings indicated that haemoglobin was absorbed by endocytosis and was transported to, and digested within, the lysosomes of the tubule cells in the same way as after intravenous injection of homologous haemoglobin. There were no significant morphological signs of tubular degeneration or necrosis, and no intravascular fibrin thrombi were encountered at any of the post‐burn intervals studied. The findings are discussed with particular reference to the changes in renal function following a burn.