bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE GAZE OF SCHROEDINGER’S CAT: EYE-TRACKING IN PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Chernigovskaya Tatiana , Alexeeva Svetlana ,   St. Petersburg State University, Dubasava Anzhalika ,   Minsk State Linguistic University, Petrova Tatiana ,   St. Petersburg State University, Prokopenya Veronika ,   St. Petersburg State University, Chernova Daria ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: December 2020

The book addresses the study of reading mechanisms and visual perception using the method of eye-tracking. The authors conduct their research in the Laboratory for Cognitive Studies of Saint Petersburg State University that was the first in Russia to utilize eye-tracking in experimental studies of language more than 15 years ago. Psycholinguistic experiments aimed at analyzing reading in Russian are described; a systematic description of factors which influence reading process at different stages and linguistic levels from a single letter to a coherent text is provided. The mechanisms of separate graphemes recognition, activation and competition processes in word recognition, contextual integration processes, syntactic parsing, and anaphora resolution in eye-tracking experiments are described. The influence of the text type on its processing is demonstrated, the advantages and disadvantages of the infographics compared to verbal text are described, the relationship between visual perception of images and their verbalization is discussed. The significant role of context is highlighted: on the one hand, it helps the reader to anticipate new information, and on the other hand, it enables different multiple interpretations of a sentence or text. In the book a virtual assistant — Schroedinger’s cat — is used as a model of a subject who processes and transmits information. The book will appeal to linguists and cognitive psychologists who use eye-tracking in their research, as well as for the wide range of those who are interested in objective methods of studying language processing and human behavior.
Determinants of return to work after maternity leave in Russia: A logistic regression approach
Authors:   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg University, Bordunos Aleksandra K. , Kosheleva Sofia V. ,   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg University, Zyryanova Anna ,   Institute of Business Studies, The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to identify the determinants of return to work after maternity leave in Russia. Can an organisation influence employees’ decision about withdrawal from the market after leave arrangement, or does it fully depend on the contextual and personal characteristics of the employee, as assumed by the discourses of merit and choice? Logistic regression analysis helps to answer the raised questions, referring to responses of 721 mothers with previous working experience. The research revealed that employers indeed can improve inclusion of employees with childcare commitments, fostering their return after the maternity leave. Despite high regional diversity of Russian population, contextual specificity barely influences the decision of employees regarding their returning to work with the same employer, similarly to their level of education, firms’ equity or amount of children. Among personal characteristics, income was found to play an important role in return decisions, as well as the age of the smallest child. The paper contributes to the debates on the fluidity of gender and work identity as well as organizational control over the identity work.
Global talent management: A view beyond developed markets
Authors:   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg University, Selivanovskikh Louisa V.
Published: December 2020

This study aims to identify the main drivers, activity domains and outcomes of global talent management (GTM) in emerging market organizations. Through a structured keyword search and subsequent elimination of papers, 27 top peer-reviewed journal publications (out of 137 articles on talent management) are selected and thoroughly analyzed using mixed research techniques. Using VOSviewer software, I identify the four major clusters in GTM literature: TM in EMs, global talent mobility, TM in multinational corporations, and human resource management in a “global war for talent” context. I further conduct a structured content-analysis-based literature analysis and provide a much-needed overview of the underlying organization theories used in previous EM research to explain the GTM phenomenon. I additionally reveal the key GTM system components and determine the main demand-supply factors and outcomes of GTM implementation. Lastly, based on the study’s findings and subsequent discussions, I offer insights into future research avenues.
“Colonize and Cholerize”: an attempt to decipher the ambiguity of the literary representation of the cholera epidemics in Nineteenth Century India
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of English, Gorubathan Government College, Kalimpong,, Goswami Arijit
Published: December 2020

The modus operandi of categorising European and especially British authors as representative of the hegemonic colonial enterprise that subjugated the Indian sub-continent for nearly two hundred years is a common analogy while dealing with the colonial era. The seemingly simplistic logic is problematised, when a British author, closely related to the ruling administrative set-up voices dissent, whereas the colonised intelligentsia fails to register minimal protest in their literary works. The article would try to decipher the anti- orientalist discourse with special reference to the literary representation of cholera epidemics in Fanny Parkes’s Wanderings of a pilgrim in search of the picturesque (1850), during the patriarchal-colonising enterprise in vogue and envisage to compare Lal Behari Day’s Folktales of Bengal (1883), which fails to express the reality of an epidemic-devastated land and displeasure of the commoners towards the ruling class for their inept handling of the epidemics.
Negotiating Representation: The Self and Community in The Story of a Tribal: An Autobiography
Authors:   PhD Research Scholar, Department of English, North-Eastern Hill University,, Iangngap Badakynti Nylla
Published: December 2020

Literature as a means of representation and understanding selfhood and identity was oral based for the Khasis prior to colonialism but the coming of education via the proselytising efforts of the Welsh Mission led to the development of Khasi literature by the end of the 19th century. As mode of representation, literature for Khasis became a space of negotiation and of adaptation of foreign modes of expression and representation to reclaim an identity which has been suppressed by the colonial rulers via their discursive practices. This is clearly seen in the trend of the literary production of the community. The 20th century saw a mushrooming of literary production by Khasi writers, with most of them preferring to write in their own language and about their oral tradition. Interestingly, despite this trend, the first autobiography by a Khasi, B. M. Pugh’s The Story of a Tribal (1976), was written in English. The title of the text itself alerts the readers of the highly politicised term ‘tribal’ as Pugh himself points out in his Preface and along with the fact that it is an autobiography the implication of issues of representation in terms of identity and selfhood cannot be missed. The text is also historically significant because of the author’s articulation of his understanding of identity making in the midst of the cultural and political forces of colonialism and later Indian nationalism especially because it provides a glimpse of the hill state movement that surged in the Northeast immediately after Independence. This text thus gives an eye-witness account of the struggle that the hill tribes of Northeast faced to maintain their political and cultural identity.
Identity, Indigeneity and Excluded Region: In the Quest for an Intellectual History of Modern Assam
Authors:   Assistant Professor in Linguistics, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati, Assam, India, Barua Suranjana , Lal L. David ,   Assistant Professor in Political Science, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
Published: December 2020

If Indian intellectual history focussed on the nature of the colonial and post-colonial state, its interaction with everyday politics, its emerging society and operation of its economy, then how much did/ does North-East appear in this process of doing intellectual history? North-East history in general and its intellectual history in particular is an unpeopled place. In Indian social science literature, North-East history for the last seventy years has mostly revolved around separatist movements, insurgencies, borderland issue and trans-national migration. However, it seldom focussed on the intellectuals who have articulated the voice of this place and constructed an intellectual history of this region. This paper attempts to explore the intellectual history of Assam through understanding the life history of three key socio-political figures – Gopinath Bordoloi, Bishnu Prasad Rabha and Chandraprabha Saikiani. Their engagement at the turn of the twentieth century with ideas for the future North-East region in general and Assam in partcular is parallel to the formation of the Indian nation state. Research on the writings and works of these socio-political figures is analysed to address what North-east history can contribute to the intellectual history of India and how essential is it in the field of indigenous studies?
Spatio-temporal variations in terrestrial water storage and its controlling factors in the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhu Yu , Liu Shiyin , Yi Ying , Qi Miaomiao , Li Wanqiu , Saifullah Muhammad , Zhang Sidou , Wu Kunpeng
Published: December 2020

The nature of the heterogeneity of terrestrial water storage (TWS) in the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (EQTP) is poorly understood because of the lack of validated datasets and the complex topographical conditions. In this study, monthly GRACE Level 2 Release 6 (RL06) products were employed to characterize TWS changes between April 2002 and August 2016 in the EQTP. Based on the observations and hydrological model output, the dominant factors contributing to the changes in TWS in sub-basins, and areas of TWS decrease and increase were analyzed systematically. We concluded that the TWS in the EQTP showed a slight decreasing trend from 2002 to 2016 with obvious spatial heterogeneity. The decrease in TWS may be attributed to the increase in evapotranspiration, which explains approximately 59% of the variations. In the region where a substantial decrease in TWS was observed, the trend primarily depended on evapotranspiration, and was certainly affected by glacial ablation. Moreover, the expansion of lakes supplemented by glaciers was the main cause of TWS change in the areas where TWS increased. A decrease in TWS mainly occurred in summer and was mainly due to the increase in evapotranspiration because of warming, an increase in wind speed, and a decrease in relative humidity.
Adaptation measures (AMs) and mitigation policies (MPs) to climate change and sustainable blue economy: a global perspective
Authors: Hossain Fahim
Published: December 2020

Erratic patterns in climate have been forcing people to develop new adaptation and mitigation tools. Although world leaders have agreed to control greenhouse gases' (GHGs) emission, the current rate of emission may not stop global climate change (GCC). Scientists have been working to scientifically explain the effects of GHG emission on GCC, however, all climate changing phenomena may not be fully understandable now and more research is necessary to comprehend those knowledge gaps. Climate change has been severely affecting the ecological and socio-economic development but these effects can be mitigated by supporting sustainable technological and economic development as AMs and MPs. MPs to climate change may trade off the negative impacts of GCC and exploring and employing lucrative opportunities in blue economy can help in developing those AMs and MPs. Moreover, it is not possible to rapidly divert all global manufacturing processes into benign technological and economic perfection. For this reason, Bangladesh and other coastal countries are very aware of the need to introduce cost-effective AMs and MPs and society and environment oriented blue economy. Some worthwhile adaptation and mitigation strategies are discussed to minimize the carbon footprint, as remedies to curtail GCC impacts. Scientific relations of GCC with GHG emission and opportunities of blue economy are also explored.
Waterminer – a regional spatio-temporal approach to water reuse management in mining areas in Vietnam
Authors: Greassidis S. , Trinh Quoc V. , Brömme K. , Stolpe H.
Published: December 2020

Mining is usually associated with draining of large quantities of water. On the other hand, mining operations themselves are water users for purposes like coal or ore washing, dust mitigation, recultivation, etc. The normally existing water surplus can be seen as a resource for public purposes instead of discharging the water to rivers and the sea. It is typical for the mining operation that these water amounts vary spatio-temporally according to the mining process. The R&D project WaterMiner investigates the example of the Hon Gai hard coal mining area in Ha Long, Vietnam, as to how and to what extent under the variable spatio-temporal conditions the mine water can cover the water demand in the mines themselves and contribute to the public water supply in the surrounding settlement area of Hon Gai. The spatio-temporal change of mine water drainage, mine water treatment and mine-internal water use and the potential mine-external water use volumes in the project region are investigated by a material flow model and visualized by Sankey diagrams, maps, and tables. Several options for delivery of mine water for mine-external water uses as a contribution to the public water supply are shown.
Monitoring of pollution factors of solidified body leachate in a drilling well site and its influence on the surface water environment
Authors: Liu Zhikun , Zhang Chaoqun , Li Qi
Published: December 2020

Aiming at the pollution of the leaching solution of the solidified body in the wellbore, a water eutrophication level evaluation algorithm based on the optimized analytic hierarchy process is proposed from the current situation of many factors affecting the eutrophication of the water body and the difficulty of evaluation. Based on this, the user-oriented PC software monitoring system was developed, which mainly includes three major modules: surface water environment monitoring, water eutrophication evaluation, water bloom prediction and warning, and system assistance. The surface water environment monitoring module can receive and display the surface water environment parameter information in real time, and has the functions of data comparison analysis and historical data search, and the eutrophication assessment and water bloom prediction and warning module can analyze the eutrophication status of water bodies in real time and provide short-term and medium-term warnings for water blooms. This research can promote the control of the leachate pollution of the wellbore in the wellbore and the optimization of the surface water environment.
Evaluation of modified permeable pavement systems with coal gangue to remove typical runoff pollutants under simulated rainfall
Authors: Zhang Xiaoran , Tian Yiran , Liu Junfeng , Wang Yinrui , Zhang Ziyang , Li Haiyan
Published: December 2020

Coal gangue (CG) as mineral waste was properly treated and applied as the filter media in permeable pavement systems due to its good sorption ability and mechanical strength. Batch experiments show the maximum adsorption capacity of calcined CG to phosphorus could reach 2.63 mg/g. To evaluate the removal effect of typical runoff pollutants including chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and ammonia (NH4+-N), the gravel and sand in a traditional pavement system were replaced by CG respectively. The leaching behavior of the four pollutants in CG modified systems is limited and comparable with traditional system, indicating pretreated CG as filler would not cause environmental risk. CG-based pavement systems improved the removal efficiency of the four pollutants especially for TP. The removal mechanisms including interception, adsorption and microorganism degradation. The removal rates of COD, NH4+-N and TN by CG modified and traditional systems decreased with rainfall duration, while it is not obviously changed with rainfall recurrence period and drying period. Overall, the permeable pavement with CG layers that replaced both sand and gravel layers show best removal efficiency of all pollutants investigated especially for TP (>95%). This study provides a new way for CG utilization and gives the reference for the process design of permeable pavement.
Commissioning of the new water line of the Central wastewater treatment plant in Prague and its impact on the operation of the existing water line
Authors: Wanner J. , Rosický J. , Kovařík J. , Srb M. , Lánský M. , Sýkora P.
Published: December 2020

This paper describes the commissioning of the new water line (NWL) of the Central wastewater treatment plant in Prague and also the gradual reduction of the existing water line (EWL) loading. Concerning the NWL, the gradual start-up of the process without inoculation will be described. As to the EWL, the presentation describes the adaptation of the EWL operation to the relatively quick reduction of loading to approximately 35%.
Pilot-scale phycoremediation using Muriellopsis sp. for wastewater reclamation in the Atacama Desert: microalgae biomass production and pigment recovery
Authors: Cavieres L. , Bazaes J. , Marticorena P. , Riveros K. , Medina P. , Sepúlveda C. , Riquelme C.
Published: December 2020

Municipal wastewater phycoremediation represents a promising circular economy-based process for wastewater reclamation used to recover water and produce biomass. This study aimed to evaluate a pilot-scale phycoremediation system, using the most efficient strain of microalgae for wastewater reclamation in the Atacama Desert. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal, as well as biomass growth, were compared in different microalgae treatments, namely Muriellopsis sp., Scenedesmus almeriensis, Chlamydomonas segnis, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Chlorella vulgaris. The most efficient treatments, Muriellopsis sp. and S. almeriensis, were scaled up to 20-L bubble column reactors to evaluate nutrient removal and biomass biochemical profile for potential biotechnological application. Finally, Muriellopsis sp. was selected for a pilot-scale phycoremediation experiment (800-L raceway), which removed 84% of nitrogen, 93% of phosphorus and other chemical compounds after 4 days of treatment to meet most of the Chilean standards for irrigation water (NCh. 1333. DS. MOP No. 867/78). Faecal coliforms count was reduced by 99.9%. Furthermore, biomass productivity reached 104.25 mg·L–1·day–1 value with 51% protein, and pigment content of 0.6% carotenoid, with 0.3% lutein. These results indicate the potential of wastewater phycoremediation at an industrial scale for the production of irrigation water and carotenoid using Muriellopsis sp.
Investigation on the adsorption of antibiotics from water by metal loaded sewage sludge biochar
Authors: Fan Xiulei , Qian Zheng , Liu Jiaqiang , Geng Nan , Hou Jun , Li Dandan
Published: December 2020

Application of sewage sludge biochar as an adsorbent for antibiotics treatment has obtained special attention owning to its low cost and surface functionality. Three metal ions were selected to modify sewage sludge biochar through the pyrolysis with the metal loaded method. Fe loaded sewage sludge biochar (BC-Fe), Al loaded sewage sludge biochar (BC-Al) and Mn loaded sewage sludge biochar (BC-Mn) were characterized and used to explore the performance of adsorbing tetracycline (TC), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and amoxicillin (AMC). BC-Fe, BC-Al and BC-Mn possessed rougher surfaces, larger specific surface area and better pore structure. Intra-particle diffusion and Langmuir models were more suitable to describe the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption amount of TC, SMZ and AMC could reach 123.35, 99.01 and 109.89 mg/g by BC-Fe. Furthermore, the main mechanism of antibiotics adsorption by metal loaded sewage sludge biochars might be pores filling, Van der Waals forces and H-bonding. The study can not only solve the problems associated with the pollution of antibiotics from wastewater, but also reduced the treatment pressure of sewage sludge effectively.
Nanostructured faujasite zeolite as metal ion adsorbent: kinetics, equilibrium adsorption and metal recovery studies
Authors: Goncalves Mariana B. , Schmidt Djanyna V. C. , dos Santos Fabiana S. , Cipriano Daniel F. , Gonçalves Gustavo R. , Freitas Jair C. C. , de Pietre Mendelssolm K.
Published: December 2020

The hydrothermal synthesis of nano-faujasite has been successfully performed and the effects of some crystallization parameters were investigated, along with the use of this material as a heavy-metal ion adsorbent. X-ray diffraction patterns have shown that the structure of the nano-faujasite is strongly dependent on both the crystallization time and the alkalinity of the synthesis medium. According to N2 physisorption, X-ray fluorescence, SEM/EDS, and solid state 29Si and 27Al NMR data, the produced nano-faujasite consists of a solid with low molar Si/Al ratio (1.7), with high availability of ion exchange sites and high surface area/small particle size, allowing easy diffusion of metal ions to adsorbent active sites. As a consequence, an excellent performance on removal of Cd2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions was found for this solid. The adsorption capacity followed the order Cd2+ (133 mg·g−1) > Zn2+ (115 mg·g−1) > Cu2+ (99 mg·g−1), which agrees with the order of increasing absolute values of the hydration energy of the metal ions. Kinetic studies and adsorption isotherms showed that the metal ion removal takes place by ion exchange on the monolayer surface of the nano-faujasite. The electrochemical recovery of copper in metallic form exhibited an efficiency of 80.2% after 120 min, which suggests that this process can be adequately implemented for full-scale metal removal.
Parliamentary elections held on May 26th, 1996 in Albania and the political crises they caused
Authors: Nexhipi Dr. Adelina , Nexhipi Erjon
Published: December 2020

Parliamentary elections of May 26th, 1996 in Albania were held in a deeply polarized political environment; they were associated with multiple tensions during the pre-election period, the Election Day and post-election period as well. The voting process and the results of the elections were opposed by the oppositions and criticized by the international institutions. Election processes in post-communist Albania have been associated continuously with multiple legal, procedural, administrating problems, but May 26th elections, as never seen before, were declared publicly and decisively as against election standards, Government’s responsibilities and political interventions in the process as stated by the international observers. According to them, 32 out of 79 election law’s articles were violated. The elections qualified as “a step backwards to the democratization process”, deepened the political crisis in Albania and ignored major problems already prevailing in Albania. This paper attempts to describe, analyze and evaluate the parliamentary elections held in May 26th, 1996 as seen from a legal, procedural and political point of view and their effects on political crisis in Albania. To reach this objective, the present descriptive - analytical paper was prepared through researching, synthetizing and analyzing efforts and based on documents and reports of Albanian and international institutions, studies conducted by Albanian and foreign scholars, testimonials and interviews of the protagonists, etc.
WYCHOWANIE ODPOWIEDZIALNEGO OBYWATELA W PERSPEKTYWIE SYSTEMU PREWENCYJNEGO ŚW. JANA BOSKO
Authors: Chrobak Stanisław
Published: December 2020

Jan Bosko dostrzegał wychowanie w szerokim kontekście rodziny, społeczeństwa, państwa i Kościoła. Był przekonany, że pozbawiony elementów religii klimat wychowawczy nie może sprzyjać ogólnemu rozwojowi młodzieży. Połączone z wymogami „rozumu” wymogi „serca” (miłość wychowawcza) i „religii” splatają się w niepowtarzalną i jedyną całość. Wychowawcza obecność w wymiarze społecznym – według słów Jana Bosko – ma zmierzać do formowania «uczciwych obywateli i dobrych chrześcijan», tzn. osób twórczych, aktywnych i odpowiedzialnych, świadomych swej godności, mających programy życia, otwartych na transcendencję, na drugich i na Boga. Zatem, w projekcie jego wychowania, nie ma sprzeczności między byciem obywatelem i byciem chrześcijaninem, bo zaangażowany chrześcijanin jest – lub powinien być – dobrym, odpowiedzialnym i uczciwym obywatelem.
IDEE PEDAGOGIKI SPOŁECZNEJ W MYŚLI ŚW. WINCENTEGO PALLOTTIEGO
Authors: Babicki Zbigniew
Published: December 2020

Wincenty Pallotti (1795-1850) nazywany przez papieży prorokiem apo¬stolstwa ludzi świeckich, pragnął kształtować ludzi na dobrych chrześci¬jan i aktywnych obywateli. Uważał, że przygotowanie ludzi świeckich do odpowiedzialnej działalności społeczno-apostolskiej wymaga udzielenia im pomocy w ukształtowaniu chrześcijańskiego spojrzenia na świat i na człowieka. Dynamiczna i celowa aktywność społeczno-apostolska wyma¬ga odpowiedniego przygotowania, a co za tym idzie domaga się określo¬nej metody pedagogicznej. Wobec problemów narastających wokół wia¬ry i spraw społecznych, którymi Kościół w jego czasach musiał się zająć oraz w obliczu poszerzania się zadań związanych z głoszeniem Ewangelii w kraju i poza jego granicami, W. Pallotti zwrócił uwagę na naglącą ko¬nieczność ożywiania wiary i rozpalania miłości wśród ludzi wierzących. Uważał, że do osiągnięcia tego celu niezbędne jest pozyskanie współpracy wszystkich członków Kościoła – tak duchownych, jak i świeckich – oraz że dla pełniejszego i skuteczniejszego wykonania społeczno-apostolskich zadań Kościoła należy zjednoczyć ich wysiłki. Z czasem w Wincentym Pallottim dojrzewa idea powołania odpowiednich struktur pomocnych w apostolstwie ludzi świeckich. Dlatego z jego inicjatywy powstaje dzieło Zjednoczenia Apostolstwa Katolickiego (ZAK), jako zrzeszenie wszyst¬kich katolików, którzy bez żadnych szczególnych zobowiązań, jedynie w duchu miłości i gorliwości współpracować będą przy pomocy dostęp¬nych sobie środków dla wszechstronnego rozwoju człowieka i rozkrze¬wiania wiary katolickiej. Oddziaływanie to odnosi się nie tylko do pomocy w rozwoju religijnym, ale jest próbą aktywizacji osobowo-społecznej.
WYCHOWANIE WIELOKULTUROWE – PROBLEMY I PERSPEKTYWY
Authors: Arkhipova Svitlana , Majboroda Galina
Published: December 2020

Artykuł opowiada o zagadnieniu wielokulturowości w świecie współczesnym w kontekście tolerancji, polegającej na popieraniu równoległego, pokojowego współistnienia różnych kultur i grup etnicznych w celu ich wzajemnego przenikania, wzbogacania i rozwoju w ogólnoludzkim nurcie kultury masowej. Zostało przy tym zaznaczone, że wielokulturowość nie jest połączeniem wszystkich kultur w jedną. Każda kultura powinna rządzić się własnymi prawami, prowadzić własną działalność edukacyjną i społeczną. W tym kontekście mówi się o celach i zadaniach wielokulturowego wychowania i kształcenia (między innymi o kształtowaniu u młodzieży świadomości występowania rozmaitych kultur w świecie i we własnym kraju, pozytywnego, tolerancyjnego stosunku do różnic kulturowych, rozwijaniu zdolności owocnego dialogu z przedstawicielami innych kultur, wychowaniu w duchu pokoju), jego powiązaniu z tradycją i religią przodków. Nastawienie nie tylko na branie od innych, ale i obdarowywanie ich własnym bogactwem kulturowym owocuje organicznym rozwojem całej kuli ziemskiej. Realizacja wielokulturowego wykształcenia jest nierozłącznie związana z odpowiednim przygotowaniem tych wszystkich, którzy obecnie pragną działać na niwie oświaty. W tym kluczu zostały także przedstawione zagadnienia i problemy pedagogiczne na Ukrainie.
Sytuacja zawodowa i edukacyjna emigrantów polskich
Authors: Sanecki Grzegorz
Published: December 2020

Opracowanie stanowi próbę zweryfikowania funkcjonujących powszechnie przekonań na temat współczesnej emigracji Polaków. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników badań autor koncentruje się na określeniu rzeczywistej sytuacji zawodowej i edukacyjnej osób migrujących i konfrontuje je z opiniami na ten temat, jakie często są lansowane przez media lub inne ośrodki opiniotwórcze. Okazuje się, że obraz polskiej emigracji nie jest jednorodny, a funkcjonowanie naszych rodaków na obczyźnie uwarunkowane jest wieloma czynnikami, występującymi w różnych konfiguracjach.
Konsekwencje restrukturyzacji krakowskiego szkolnictwa dla szkół specjalnych oraz integracyjnych (głos w dyskusji)
Authors: Wątorek Agnieszka
Published: December 2020

Artykuł dotyczy bieżących problemów reorganizacji sieci szkół w Polsce na przykładzie Krakowa. Autorka odsłania kulisy działań podejmowanych przez władze samorządowe w celu likwidacji i przekształcania szkół, również specjalnych.Okazuje się, że obok czynników obiektywnych, takich jak niż demograficzny oraz migracje ludności istnieją jeszcze inne – ukryte przesłanki dla restrukturyzacji szkolnictwa. Zbyt często – zdaniem autorki – przy rozstrzyganiu o dalszych losach poszczególnych placówek biorą górę względy ekonomiczne. Tymczasem wysoka jakość edukacji wymaga nie tylko zaangażowania wykwalifikowanych nauczycieli i opracowywania jak najlepszych programów nauczania, ale też odpowiednich nakładów finansowych.Autorka zwraca uwagę na fakt, że oceniając funkcjonalność szkół, nie powinno się przykładać tej samej miary do placówek ogólnodostępnych i specjalnych, bowiem te drugie już na wstępie odpadają z rankingów popularności. Stąd porównywanie kosztów oraz efektywności kształcenia w szkołach różnego typu bez uwzględnienia specyfiki tych przeznaczonych dla dzieci o zaburzonym rozwoju wydaje się poważnym błędem, którego skutki mogą odczuć najboleśniej uczniowie niepełnosprawni.
Etos współczesnego nauczyciela w opinii nauczycieli i rodziców
Authors: Pękala Joanna
Published: December 2020

Zagadnienie etosu nauczycielskiego jest nadal bardzo ważną kwestią niemogącą zejść na dalszy plan procesu kształcenia i wychowania. Nawet jeśli pojęcie etosu słyszane jest coraz rzadziej i kojarzy się raczej z dawną literaturą piękną, nie oznacza to, że etos nie istnieje. Sam termin bywa zastępowany innymi określeniami, ale znajduje swoje miejsce w literaturze i praktyce edukacyjnej tak, jak bezdyskusyjna i niezmiennie obecna jest wychowawcza rola szkoły
Sztuka sakralna a przeżycie tanatologiczne - aspekt teologiczno-pedagogiczny
Authors: Ruman Natialia Maria
Published: December 2020

Wychowanie przez sztukę mające prowadzić do rozwoju człowieka, do równowagi funkcji intelektualnych, emocjonalnych i motywacyjno-wolitywnych, jest często pomijanym aspektem. Sztuka powinna opanować nasze życie. Świat wyobraźni formowany jest od dzieciństwa, poddawany różnym perturbacjom, różnicuje się w trakcie dorastania i doświadczeń. Są to również doświadczenia przykre, smutne, trudne. Sztuka sakralna nie pomija takich doznań w życiu człowieka. Przedstawia śmierć często w taki sposób, by odbiorcę zachęcić do refleksji i wzbogacić jego życie. Sztuka wtedy staje się narzędziem ogólnego kształtowania człowieka, które ma umożliwić mu życie w sposób spontaniczny i twórczy, a także pomóc osiągnąć harmonię życia zmysłowego, uczuciowego i intelektualnego.
Zasada ewangelicznej miłości podstawą działalności opiekuńczo-wychowawczej w projekcie "Adopcja Serca"
Authors: Babicki Zbigniew
Published: December 2020

Skrajna sytuacja, jaką jest wojna, zagraża zwłaszcza najsłabszym, czyli dzieciom i młodzieży. Dlatego w obliczu sytuacji realnego zagrożenia po ludobójstwie w Rwandzie podjęto natychmiast działania pomocowe i opiekuńcze. Jednym z takich działań był projekt na rzecz dzieci w Afryce o nazwie „Adopcja Serca”. Głównym motywem włączania się w adopcję serca stała się ewangeliczna zasada miłości. Miłość bliźniego jest odpowiedzią na konkretne potrzeby drugiego człowieka. Miłość bliźniego w ujęciu chrześcijańskim oznacza dawanie czegoś z siebie, rezygnowanie z własnych potrzeb na rzecz drugiego człowieka, a także bycie gotowym do poświęcania się dla innych ludzi.
Polish Evangelical Churches Contribution to Building a Civil Society
Authors: Czech Karolina
Published: December 2020

The article contains considerations concerning a role of Churches and religion in building the civil society, bringing the readers closer to the specific movement in the history of Christianity which is evangelicalism and to Churches and communities that have grown out of this movement. The author concentrates mainly on Poland, pointing out that for Poles faith and Church membership is still a very important thing. In the article there are presented two examples of evangelical Churches, i.e., the Pentecostal Church in Poland and the Baptist Church in Poland; their interest in the common good and social engagement as well as their effort put into educating children to be responsible citizens has been underlined.
Gifted child in kindergarten – assessment pitfalls
Authors: Kwiatkowska Elżbieta
Published: December 2020

Issues and considerations raised in the article are related to the identification (assessment) of gifted children, often described in literature, in relation to selected theories  of ability. It is very likely that a gifted child characterized by the specificity of early childhood, commonly defined as intelligent, with high cognitive abilities, will abandonits innate, unique potential, entangling in various types of “problems”, taking on the features of the syndrome of inadequate school achievements, etc. in the future, as a result of adverse environmental impacts, the coincidence of events. The individual case studies presented in the article are intended to illustrate the significance of individual impacts on a gifted child of preschool age, due to the specific developmental peculiarities of this period.
Inclusive technologies
Authors: Edyburn Dave L.
Published: December 2020

Education is the investment a society makes in each new generation of children and youth. Given a future that may not look like the past, how do we re-assess the purpose of education? In the words of Aoun (2017), how do we robot-proof our curriculum in order to prepare students for a future where humans and robots will complete for jobs? The purpose of this article is to describe the concept of assistive technology and explore its transformation to technology-enhanced performance as a means of supporting the educational productivity of all learners. Examples are provided to help diverse learners in every classroom as they seek to meet high academic standards relative to executive functioning, reading, writing, and solving mathematical problems.
Wykorzystanie etnografii wizualnej w procesie rozpoznawania problemów społecznych przez studentów
Authors: Maciejewska Monika
Published: December 2020

Artykuł odnosi się do jednej z potencjalnych ścieżek działania w zakresie kształcenia pedagogów i nawiązuje do możliwości wykorzystania badań stosowanych w procesie rozpoznawania problemów społecznych przez studentów. Jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytania o to, w jaki sposób przygotowywać absolwentów studiów wyższych do rozpoznawania w pracy zawodowej zupełnie nowych sytuacji i rozstrzygania nieznanych im dotąd dylematów, wynikających z szybkiego rozwoju cywilizacyjnego. Struktura prezentowanego opracowania odzwierciedla kolejne etapy poszukiwania możliwości rozwiązywania zarysowanego powyżej problemu metodycznego. Część pierwsza obejmuje podstawowe założenia etnografii wizualnej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem fotoetnografii oraz podstawy teorii ekspansywnego uczenia się Yjro Engeströma, na których oparto pomysł działania. W części drugiej zarysowano schemat podstawowego działania, zaś szczególną uwagę zwrócono na przedmiot działalności, w którym zastosowane zostały elementy etnografii wizualnej jako sposób na zmianę aktywności i wykorzystanie potencjału obu podmiotów (nauczyciela i studentów) biorących w niej udział.
Metabolism and Interactions of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine with Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Drug Transporters
Authors: Rendic Slobodan , Guengerich Frederick Peter
Published: December 2020

Background::

In clinical practice, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are often co-administered
with other drugs in the treatment of malaria, chronic inflammatory diseases, and COVID-19. Therefore, their
metabolic properties and the effects on the activity of cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes and drug transporters
should be considered when developing the most efficient treatments for patients.

Methods::

Scientific literature on the interactions of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine with human P450 enzymes
and drug transporters, was searched using PUBMED.Gov (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and the
ADME database (https://life-science.kyushu.fujitsu.com/admedb/).

Results::

Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are metabolized by P450 1A2, 2C8, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4/5 in
vitro and by P450s 2C8 and 3A4/5 in vivo by N-deethylation. Chloroquine effectively inhibited P450 2D6 in
vitro; however, in vivo inhibition was not apparent except in individuals with limited P450 2D6 activity. Chloroquine
is both an inhibitor and inducer of the transporter MRP1 and is also a substrate of the Mate and MRP1
transport systems. Hydroxychloroquine also inhibited P450 2D6 and the transporter OATP1A2.

Conclusions::

Chloroquine caused a statistically significant decrease in P450 2D6 activity in vitro and in vivo,
also inhibiting its own metabolism by the enzyme. The inhibition indicates a potential for clinical drug-drug interactions
when taken with other drugs that are predominant substrates of the P450 2D6. When chloroquine and
hydroxychloroquine are used clinically with other drugs, substrates of P450 2D6 enzyme, attention should be
given to substrate-specific metabolism by P450 2D6 alleles present in individuals taking the drugs.
Rheumatological Diseases in HIV Infection
Authors: Giardullo Liberato , Corrado Ada , Maruotti Nicola , Rotondo Cinzia , Cantatore Francesco Paolo
Published: December 2020

A review of the available literature was performed in order to summarize the pathogenic
and clinical connections between HIV infection and rheumatological syndromes. The increasing
life expectancy during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has led to the observation
of many rheumatological manifestations over the years in these types of patients. Although the
pathological mechanisms are still not fully understood, several rheumatological diseases have been
more commonly observed in the general population, especially after the advent of highly active antiretroviral
therapy (HAART), and sometimes clinical and serological findings are influenced by
the underlying condition which defines a characteristic onset or development of the disease. Autoimmune
diseases occur during specific stages of the HIV infection, depending on the underlying
pathogenic mechanism being mainly influenced by the CD4+ cells count. Several rheumatological
diseases show peculiar clinical manifestations influenced by the underlying HIV infection leading
to specific features less commonly observed in the healthy population. Conversely to pathological
findings, broadly, HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies (BnAb) observed in several autoimmune diseases,
such as SLE, could play a protective role in HIV infection. It is important to evaluate the onset of
autoimmune diseases in HIV patients in order to start the appropriate treatment to avoid harmful
events. More studies are needed to enlighten the trend of autoimmune diseases during HIV infection.
Pathogenic mechanisms and clinical manifestations of rheumatological diseases during HIV
infection are discussed in this review.
Withdrawal Notice: Elucidating the Disparate Inhibitory Mechanisms of
Novel 1-Heteroaryl-1,3-Propanediamine Derivatives and Maraviroc towards
C-C Chemokine Receptor 5: Insights for Structural Modifications in HIV-1
Drug Discovery
Authors: Appiah-Kubi Patrick , Olotu Fisayo Andrew , Soliman Mahmoud E. S.
Published: December 2020

Since the authors are not responding to the editor's requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn by mutual agreement between the editors and the publisher.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

Bentham Science Disclaimer:

It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously
submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere
must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting
the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the
authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright
of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Eriobotrya Japonica Extract Loaded Silver-Nanoparticles
Authors: Sajid Arfaa , Manzoor Qaisar , Sajid Anam , Imran Muhammad , Khalid Shanza , Arshad Zobia , Saleem Aimon , Iahtisham-Ul-Haq  , Aslam Farhan
Published: December 2020

Background:

Currently, developing methods for the formation of nanoparticles with antimicrobial
properties based on green chemistry are the research hotspots. In this research, green
biosynthesis of Eriobotrya japonica extract loaded silver nanoparticles and their characterization
were the main objectives to achieve.

Methods:

Green synthesis of E. japonica leaves extract-loaded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was
carried out and its effect on bacterial growth was examined. The reduction of silver ions in the solution
was observed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The properties of AgNPs were assessed using
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Xray
Diffraction (XRD). Also, their antibacterial effects were checked against Staphylococcus aureus
and Escherichia coli.

Results:

It was revealed that 5-50 nm sized spherical to elongated nanoparticles were synthesized
that possessed comparatively better antibacterial potential against E. coli and S. aureus than the
conventional extract of the E. japonica leaves.

Conclusions:

Green synthesis and effective utilization of Eriobotrya japonica extract loaded silver
nanoparticles are a promising approach for nanoparticle production avoiding negative environmental
impacts.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Latex and Extracts of Euphorbia monostyla
Authors: Mohammadi Ameneh , Moghaddam Parastoo Z. , Hashemi Seyed A. , Alesheikh Peiman , Kasaian Jamal
Published: December 2020

Objective::

Euphorbia is a plant from the Euphorbiaceae family, and it has traditionally
been used to treat gonorrheal, respiratory tract infections, skin infections and malaria. The aim of
the present study was to evaluate antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of latex and extracts
of Euphorbia monostyla.

Materials and Methods::

Antimicrobial activity was studied by Disc-well diffusion and MIC-MBC
methods.Also, its antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and FRAP methods. Total phenolic
content was evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent.

Results::

It is displayed as a result of the work that solvent polarity will play a key role in increasing
phenolic solubility. Methanol extract gave the highest percentage yield, and ethyl acetate resulted
in the lowest percentage yield. The antimicrobial test showed that whole extracts had no beneficial
uses on microorganisms in comparison to antibiotics types. Analysis of antioxidant assays revealed
that aqueous and methanol extracts had the highest antioxidant properties.

Conclusion::

Whole extracts had no beneficial uses on microorganisms compared to antibiotics
types, but the aqueous extract of E. monostyla had moderate antioxidant activity and may contain
valuable active compounds. This work is the first study that discusses E. monostyla, and further
study is suggested to isolate its active compounds.
Selective Optosensing of Aminoimidazo-Azaarenes (AIAs) by CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots-embedded Molecularly Imprinted Silica Gel
Authors: Qiao Dan , Deng Qiliang , Wang Shuo
Published: December 2020

Background:

The approach for the determination of aminoimidazo-azaarenes (AIAs) is
urgently required due to their mutagenic activity and potential carcinogenicity. For this purpose, a
CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (CdSe/ZnS QDs)-embedded molecularly imprinted silica gel with high
selectivity and sensitivity was successfully prepared and applied to analyze such target.

Methods:

Herein, CdSe/ZnS QDs acted as the fluorescent probe, and molecularly imprinted silica
gel as a recognition probe was synthesized on the surface of QDs via sol-gel method. 2-
Aminobenzimidazole, which has a similar structure with AIAs, as well as low cost and low toxicity,
was selected as the dummy template.

Results:

The material has a high imprinting factor (IF=6.15); the linear range of CdSe/ZnS@MIP
as a fluorescent sensing material for AIAs is 0.5-20.0 μg L-1 with the limit of detection (LOD) of
0.25 μg L-1 (3σ/s). Moreover, the fluorescent materials have been further applied to determine
AIAs in beef floss and grilled fish fillet with satisfactory recoveries (82.8-110.8 %), and the relative
standard deviation (RSD) is < 5.5%.

Conclusion:

The proposed CdSe/ZnS QDs-embedded molecularly imprinted silica gel can be used
to easily and selectively detect AIAs.
The Assessment of Some Metabolic Markers by Combination of Ursolic Acid Supplementation and Resistance Training in Young Older Obese Women
Authors: Asghari Ehsan , Hosseini Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh , Kiania Mina , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Arazi Hamid , Samarghandian Saeed
Published: December 2020

Background:

Intensity resistance training and ursolic acid (UA) supplementation may be effective against metabolic disorders.

Introduction:

In this study, we explored the impacts of a moderate-to-high intensity resistance circuit training (MHRCT)
and UA supplementation to improve these pathological changes in young older obese women (women between the ages of
50 and 70).

Methods:

The study included Twenty-five young older women (age > 50 years and ≤70 years) with stage I-II obesity (BMI
≥ 30 and <40 kg/m2
), received eight weeks placebo with MHRCT, and MHRCT with UA supplementation. UA or Placebo
orally was ingested as a capsule three times per day for eight weeks. The following parameters were evaluated post- and preintervention. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures.

Results:

Interleukin-15 (IL-15), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in the placebo and UA
groups versus control, but the UA group significantly decreased in compared with the placebo (p<0.05). In turn, the BrainDerived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Irisin levels showed an increase significant in the placebo and UA groups versus
control. However, the BDNF in UA group significantly increased in compared with the placebo (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

We demonstrated that applying resistance training can reverse the pathological changes that may occur with
aging and sedentary life style. Our results showed that UA can enhance the effects of this type of exercise. Therefore, a
combination of resistance training program and UA supplementation may be considered as a novel and influential intervention to metabolic derangements and also decrease the burden associated with this condition.