bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production and properties of Cu-ZrO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Fathy Adel , Elkady Omayma , Abu-Oqail Ahmed
Published: August 2017

In the present study, Cu–3, 6, and 9 wt.% of ZrO2 nanocomposites were prepared by an in situ reactive synthesis of copper nitrate Cu(NO3)2 and zirconium oxychloride ZrOCl2. The structure and characteristics were examined by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the nanosized ZrO2 particles with about 45 nm was successfully formed and dispersed within the copper matrix. The effect of ZrO2 nanoparticles content on relative density, Vickers hardness, specific electrical resistivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion was evaluated. The pin-on-disc test was also performed to determine dry sliding wear behavior of specimens under different wear conditions. Hardness and specific electrical resistivity increased and density of Cu-ZrO2 nanocomposites decreased with increasing amount of ZrO2 in Cu matrix. The coefficient of thermal expansion significantly increased with increasing temperature but decreased with increasing ZrO2. The wear rate and friction coefficient of the developed surface composite was found decreasing with respect to increase in the dispersion of ZrO2. Amongst the copper surface composite, specimen with 9 wt.% of ZrO2 has shown the least wear rate with low coefficient of friction.
End-of-Life in Disney and Pixar Films: An opportunity for Engaging in Difficult Conversation
Authors: Tenzek Kelly E. , Nickels Bonnie M.
Published: August 2017

This study expanded upon previous scholarship by examining end-of-life (EOL) depictions and messages of death within Disney and Pixar animated films. We argue Disney and Pixar depictions of EOL and death can provide critical opportunities for discussing death and dying processes with children and adults alike. A content analysis of 57 movies resulted in a total of 71 character deaths. These instances of death became the discourse used for analysis. The EOL discourse was coded based on five categories (character status, depiction of death, death status, emotional reaction, and causality). After quantitative analysis, the films were qualitatively analyzed. Four themes emerged from analysis, unrealistic moments, managing EOL, intentions to kill, and transformation and spiritual connection. Discussion of results, limitations, and directions for future research are included.
The Patient-Centered Care and Receipt of Preventive Services Among Older Adults With Chronic Diseases: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Liang Hailun , Zhu Junya , Kong Xiangrong , Beydoun May A. , Wenzel Jennifer A. , Shi Leiyu
Published: August 2017

This article investigates the associations between the patient-centered care (PCC) and receipt of preventive services among older adults with chronic diseases. Data were derived from the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. The full-year consolidated data files from 2009 to 2013 were pooled to yield a final analytic sample (N = 16 654). Study outcomes included the receipt of 7 types of preventive screenings and 2 types of health education services. Patients’ PCC groups were categorized as PCC, partial PCC, and non-PCC, based on 9 questions classified under the 3 distinctive attributes of PCC—whole-person care, patient engagement, and enhanced access to care. Prevalence rates for each outcome variable were calculated. We estimated odds ratios from multiple logistic regressions, comparing the likelihood of outcome variables across 3 groups of patients. Adjusting for covariates, the PCC group was more likely than the non-PCC group to receive 8 types of preventive services. The partial PCC group had a greater likelihood than the non-PCC group of receiving 7 types of preventive services. Our study reveals significant associations between PCC and receipt of preventive services. PCC has demonstrated the potential to improve preventive care for older adults with chronic diseases.
Class, Gender, and Rhoticity: The Social Stratification of Non-Prevocalic /r/ in Edinburgh Speech
Authors: Dickson Victoria , Hall-Lew Lauren
Published: August 2017

Despite the prominence of socioeconomic status as a factor in models of English variation, few studies have explicitly considered speakers whose social class status changed over their lifetime. This paper presents an auditory and acoustic analysis of variation in non-prevocalic /r/ among middle-aged adults from Edinburgh, Scotland. The speakers represent three groups: the Established Middle Class (EMC) and the Working Class (WC), both of which are characterized as socioeconomically non-mobile, and a third group we call the New Middle Class (NMC), comprising individuals born to working-class families and living middle-class lives at the time of data collection. The results demonstrate that realizations of /r/ have a significant correlation with socioeconomic status, and that the effect of class further interacts with gender. NMC speakers demonstrate the highest level of rhoticity of all three groups. In contrast, WC men show extensive derhoticization and deletion, while WC women show patterns of rhoticity that are more comparable to the NMC women. The EMC speakers show more non-rhoticity than either the NMC speakers or the WC women. A consideration of the indexical value of weak rhoticity highlights the need for more robust phonetic measures distinguishing non-rhoticity from derhoticization, and to that end we consider the cue of post-vocalic frication. Overall, the results point to the need to conceptualize socioeconomic status as potentially fluid and changeable across the lifespan, thereby improving models of the relationship between social class and linguistic variation.
Pilot, Pivot and Advisory Boards: The Role of Governance Configurations in Innovation Commitment
Authors: Schiehll Eduardo , Lewellyn Krista B. , Muller-Kahle Maureen I.
Published: August 2017

This study examines how governance configurations comprised of board capital, CEO power and the presence of large shareholders are associated with innovation commitment in organizations. We take a configurational perspective, proposing that organizational innovation commitment is contingent upon how interdependent governance attributes associated with monitoring and resource provisioning can either enhance or constrain management’s discretion to invest in research and development (R&D). Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we identify complementarities which lead to three board archetypes that foster firm innovation commitment. ‘Pilot boards’ have both board capital breadth and depth allowing for active and close participation in innovation decision-making. ‘Pivot boards’ possess the depth of industry-specific expertise and linkages required for providing resources and oversight of powerful CEOs. And ‘advisory boards’ have less power but have outside directors who have breadth of expertise and relational capital that complements the oversight provided by powerful family owners so as to effectively advise management on innovation decisions. Our findings underscore that governance mechanisms work in tandem, not in isolation, to explain significant organizational outcomes, specifically those associated with innovation commitment.
Put Your Style at Stake: A New Use of Sustainable Entrepreneurship
Authors: Johnsen Christian Garmann , Olaison Lena , Sørensen Bent Meier
Published: August 2017

This article uses the concept of style to rethink sustainable entrepreneurship. Our point of departure is the conceptual distinction between organization as style made durable and entrepreneurship as the disruption of style. We show that style is not simply an aesthetic category, but rather what ties different social practices together. While organization makes the connections between social practices durable, entrepreneurship disrupts such patterns. We further elucidate how organization and entrepreneurship are two intermingled processes – those of durability and disruption – that together enable the creation of new styles. In order to conceptualize this creative process, we explore how play can create disharmonies within the organization, but we also maintain that any new practice will remain marginal without a collective assemblage capable of adopting it. On this basis, we argue that sustainable entrepreneurship consists of making an environmentally friendly and socially conscious style durable, but also of disrupting such a style. In order to illustrate our argument, we use the example of the sustainable smartphone producer Fairphone. In conclusion, we argue that the concept of style may strengthen the dialogue between entrepreneurship studies and organization studies.
Theories of Health Care Decision Making at the End of Life: A Meta-Ethnography
Authors: Kim Kyounghae , Heinze Katherine , Xu Jiayun , Kurtz Melissa , Park Hyunjeong , Foradori Megan , Nolan Marie T.
Published: August 2017

The aim of this meta-ethnography is to appraise the types and uses of theories relative to end-of-life decision making and to develop a conceptual framework to describe end-of-life decision making among patients with advanced cancers, heart failure, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and their caregivers or providers. We used PubMed, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases to extract English-language articles published between January 2002 and April 2015. Forty-three articles were included. The most common theories included decision-making models ( n = 14) followed by family-centered ( n = 11) and behavioral change models ( n = 7). A conceptual framework was developed using themes including context of decision making, communication and negotiation of decision making, characteristics of decision makers, goals of decision making, options and alternatives, and outcomes. Future research should enhance and apply these theories to guide research to develop patient-centered decision-making programs that facilitate informed and shared decision making at the end of life among patients with advanced illness and their caregivers.
The role of parents in the perfectionistic tendencies of university music students
Authors: Botha Madaleen , Panebianco Clorinda
Published: August 2017

Perfectionism is a complex multidimensional state with positive and negative outcomes. Research has identified that parents could influence perfectionistic inclinations, which may lead to increased levels of anxiety and ultimately lead to maladaptive tendencies. The aim of the study is to explore the role of parents in the experience of perfectionism in South African university music students. A total of 93 BA (Music) and BMus music students from four South African university music departments participated in the quantitative study by completing the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS). The data were analyzed according to the variables of academic institution, type of music degree, academic year of study, gender, home language, and main instrument. The results showed significant differences in BA (Music) students who scored significantly higher than the BMus students in the dimensions Parental Expectations and Parental Criticism, along with students from the African language group. The study provides valuable insight into the perfectionistic trends of South African undergraduate music students, with particular emphasis on the parental dimensions of perfectionism.
‘Paying our own way’: Application of the capability approach to explore older people’s experiences of self-funding social care
Authors: Tanner Denise , Ward Lizzie , Ray Mo
Published: August 2017

Adult social care policy in England is premised on the concept of personalisation that purports to place individuals in control of the services they receive through market-based mechanisms of support, such as direct payments and personal budgets. However, the demographic context of an ageing population and the economic and political context of austerity have endorsed further rationing of resources. Increasing numbers of people now pay for their own social care because either they do not meet tight eligibility criteria for access to services and/or their financial means place them above the threshold for local authority-funded care. The majority of self-funders are older people. Older people with complex and changing needs are particularly likely to experience difficulties in fulfilling the role of informed, proactive and skilled navigators of the care market. Based on individual interviews with older people funding their own care, this article uses a relational-political interpretation (Deneulin, 2011) of the capability approach (CA) to analyse shortfalls between the policy rhetoric of choice and control and the lived experience of self-funding. Whilst CA, like personalisation, is seen as reflecting neo-liberal values, we argue that, in its relational-political form, it has the potential to expose the fallacious assumptions on which self-funding policies are founded and to offer a more nuanced understanding of older people’s experiences.
Leading in Global-Glocal Missional Contexts: Learning from the Journey of the Wycliffe Global Alliance
Authors: Franklin Kirk
Published: August 2017

The journey of the Wycliffe Global Alliance (WGA) is an example of how some paradigm shifts are influencing leading in mission. Since Christianity is both an agent and product of globalization, its beliefs have spread from one source to another, crossing religious, linguistic and cultural contexts. As a result, there are polycentric or multiple centres of influence since Christianity has homes within a diversity of contexts. This carries with it various implications including how partnering in mission needs to be deconceptualized through greater emphasis on friendship. In order for this to happen as a missiological principle, third spaces may need to be created. Viewed against the backdrop of church and mission agency leadership, structures may be ‘stuck in the Industrial Era’ (Uhl-Bien et al., 2007: 298). Therefore, the stage is set for exploring how these and other themes influence leadership in God’s mission.
Challenge and Realignment in the Protestant Cross-cultural Mission Movement
Authors: Bendor-Samuel Paul
Published: August 2017

In a time of change for the church and its mission effort, important and useful questions are being asked about the cross-cultural mission movement. This article looks at challenges within and outside of the mission movement, and makes helpful critiques of the Christendom basis of Protestant mission. Areas where the movement could experience realignment are explored, such as globalisation, inter-cultural community, discipleship, and contextualisation. Cross-cultural mission is reaffirmed at the same time as difficult questions are asked.
Management of severe pulmonary hemorrhage in a neonate on veno-arterial ECMO by the temporary clamping of the endotracheal tube – a case report
Authors: Vobruba Vaclav , Grus Tomas , Mlejnsky Frantisek , Belohlavek Jan , Hridel Jan , Lambert Lukas
Published: August 2017

Severe pulmonary hemorrhage in the newborn is an infrequent, but life-threatening, event. A newborn with persistent pulmonary hypertension and a large persistent ductus arteriosus and open foramen ovale presented with hypoxemia and progressive right heart failure shortly after birth, requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Twenty minutes after the initiation of ECMO, the patient developed severe pulmonary hemorrhage refractory to conventional treatment. As a last resort, the endotracheal tube was clamped. After transport to the ECMO center, repeated attempts to open the endotracheal tube resulted in continued blood loss and the endotracheal tube was clamped for a total of 63 hours without any mechanical ventilation. On the third postnatal day, the endotracheal tube was reopened, large amounts of clot were removed by bronchoscopy and mechanical ventilation was resumed followed by improved general condition and favorable outcome.
Vascular complications following intra-aortic balloon pump implantation: an updated review
Authors: de Jong Monique M , Lorusso Roberto , Al Awami Fatima , Matteuci Francesco , Parise Orlando , Lozekoot Pieter , Bonacchi Massimo , Maessen Jos G , Johnson Daniel M , Gelsomino Sandro
Published: August 2017

Background:

The use of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) as a support device remains controversial due to the fact that a number of studies have shown no benefit in end mortality whilst using this device. One of the reasons for this could be the increase in vascular complications when using the pump. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to assess the current literature available with regards to IABP vascular complications during the clinical situation.

Methods:

A literature search was performed, searching for IABP complications in adult human studies between 1990 and 2016.

Results:

A total of 20 reports were identified as fitting the criteria of this study. The majority of vascular complications were limb ischemia, bleeding or mesenteric ischemia. The overall incidence of vascular complications ranged from 0.94% to 31.1%. Diabetes, peripheral vascular disease and hypertension, as well as smoking were all identified as risk factors for complications following IABP. Furthermore, studies supported the use of sheathless balloon insertion to reduce the risk of complications.

Conclusion:

Major vascular complications, including limb and mesenteric ischemia as well as bleeding and hemorrhage, have been associated with IABP. However, the incidence of these complications was generally low. Further studies are still required to truly understand the risk/benefit associated with the use of IABP.
New astroglial injury-defined biomarkers for neurotrauma assessment
Authors: Halford Julia , Shen Sean , Itamura Kyohei , Levine Jaclynn , Chong Albert C , Czerwieniec Gregg , Glenn Thomas C , Hovda David A , Vespa Paul , Bullock Ross , Dietrich W Dalton , Mondello Stefania , Loo Joseph A , Wanner Ina-Beate
Published: August 2017

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an expanding public health epidemic with pathophysiology that is difficult to diagnose and thus treat. TBI biomarkers should assess patients across severities and reveal pathophysiology, but currently, their kinetics and specificity are unclear. No single ideal TBI biomarker exists. We identified new candidates from a TBI CSF proteome by selecting trauma-released, astrocyte-enriched proteins including aldolase C (ALDOC), its 38kD breakdown product (BDP), brain lipid binding protein (BLBP), astrocytic phosphoprotein (PEA15), glutamine synthetase (GS) and new 18-25kD-GFAP-BDPs. Their levels increased over four orders of magnitude in severe TBI CSF. First post-injury week, ALDOC levels were markedly high and stable. Short-lived BLBP and PEA15 related to injury progression. ALDOC, BLBP and PEA15 appeared hyper-acutely and were similarly robust in severe and mild TBI blood; 25kD-GFAP-BDP appeared overnight after TBI and was rarely present after mild TBI. Using a human culture trauma model, we investigated biomarker kinetics. Wounded (mechanoporated) astrocytes released ALDOC, BLBP and PEA15 acutely. Delayed cell death corresponded with GFAP release and proteolysis into small GFAP-BDPs. Associating biomarkers with cellular injury stages produced astroglial injury-defined (AID) biomarkers that facilitate TBI assessment, as neurological deficits are rooted not only in death of CNS cells, but also in their functional compromise.
Effects of flow changes on radiotracer binding: Simultaneous measurement of neuroreceptor binding and cerebral blood flow modulation
Authors: Sander Christin Y , Mandeville Joseph B , Wey Hsiao-Ying , Catana Ciprian , Hooker Jacob M , Rosen Bruce R
Published: August 2017

The potential effects of changes in blood flow on the delivery and washout of radiotracers has been an ongoing question in PET bolus injection studies. This study provides practical insight into this topic by experimentally measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neuroreceptor binding using simultaneous PET/MRI. Hypercapnic challenges (7% CO2) were administered to non-human primates in order to induce controlled increases in CBF, measured with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling. Simultaneously, dopamine D2/D3 receptor binding of [11C]raclopride or [18F]fallypride was monitored with dynamic PET. Experiments showed that neither time activity curves nor quantification of binding through binding potentials ( BPND) were measurably affected by CBF increases, which were larger than two-fold. Simulations of experimental procedures showed that even large changes in CBF should have little effect on the time activity curves of radiotracers, given a set of realistic assumptions. The proposed method can be applied to experimentally assess the flow sensitivity of other radiotracers. Results demonstrate that CBF changes, which often occur due to behavioral tasks or pharmacological challenges, do not affect PET [11C]raclopride or [18F]fallypride binding studies and their quantification. The results from this study suggest flow effects may have limited impact on many PET neuroreceptor tracers with similar properties.
Global fluctuations of cerebral blood flow indicate a global brain network independent of systemic factors
Authors: Zhao Li , Alsop David C , Detre John A , Dai Weiying
Published: August 2017

Global synchronization across specialized brain networks is a common feature of network models and in-vivo electrical measurements. Although the imaging of specialized brain networks with blood oxygenation sensitive resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) has enabled detailed study of regional networks, the study of globally correlated fluctuations with rsfMRI is confounded by spurious contributions to the global signal from systemic physiologic factors and other noise sources. Here we use an alternative rsfMRI method, arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI, to characterize global correlations and their relationship to correlations and anti-correlations between regional networks. Global fluctuations that cannot be explained by systemic factors dominate the fluctuations in cerebral blood flow. Power spectra of these fluctuations are band limited to below 0.05 Hz, similar to prior measurements of regional network fluctuations in the brain. Removal of these global fluctuations prior to measurement of regional networks reduces all regional network fluctuation amplitudes to below the global fluctuation amplitude and changes the strength and sign of inter network correlations. Our findings support large amplitude, globally synchronized activity across networks that require a reassessment of regional network amplitude and correlation measures.
What Factors Influence Women’s Perceptions of their Systemic Recurrence Risk after Breast Cancer Treatment?
Authors: Lee Kamaria L. , Janz Nancy K. , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J. , Jagsi Reshma , Wallner Lauren P. , Kurian Allison W. , Katz Steven J. , Abrahamse Paul , Hawley Sarah T.
Published: August 2017

Background. Breast cancer patients’ misunderstanding of their systemic cancer recurrence risk has consequences on decision-making and quality of life. Little is known about how women derive their risk estimates. Methods. Using Los Angeles and Georgia’s SEER registries (2014–2015), a random sample of early-stage breast cancer patients was sent surveys about 2 to 3 months after surgery ( N = 3930; RR, 68%). We conducted an inductive thematic analysis of open-ended responses about why women chose their risk estimates in a uniquely large sub-sample ( N = 1,754). Clinician estimates of systemic recurrence risk were provided for patient sub-groups with DCIS and with low-, intermediate-, and high-risk invasive disease. Women’s perceived risk of systemic recurrence (0% to 100%) was categorized as overestimation, reasonably accurate estimation, or underestimation (0% for invasive disease) and was compared across identified factors and by clinical presentation. Results. Women identified 9 main factors related to their clinical experience (e.g., diagnosis and testing; treatment) and non-clinical beliefs (e.g., uncertainty; spirituality). Women who mentioned at least one clinical experience factor were significantly less likely to overestimate their risk (12% v. 43%, P < 0.001). Most women who were influenced by “communication with a clinician” had reasonably accurate recurrence estimates (68%). “Uncertainty” and “family and personal history” were associated with overestimation, particularly for women with DCIS (75%; 84%). “Spirituality, religion, and faith” was associated with an underestimation of risk (63% v. 20%, P < 0.001). Limitations. The quantification of our qualitative results is subject to any biases that may have occurred during the coding process despite rigorous methodology. Conclusions. Patient-clinician communication is important for breast cancer patients’ understanding of their numeric risk of systemic recurrence. Clinician discussions about recurrence risk should address uncertainty and relevance of family and personal history.
Quantitative and qualitative MRI evaluation of cerebral small vessel disease in an elderly population: a longitudinal study
Authors: Nylander Ruta , Fahlström Markus , Rostrup Egill , Kullberg Joel , Damangir Soheil , Ahlström Håkan , Lind Lars , Larsson Elna-Marie
Published: August 2017

Background

Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunes, and microbleeds are seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in small vessel disease (SVD).

Purpose

To assess SVD on MRI and its evolution over five years in an elderly population and to investigate whether relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at baseline was related to the progression of white matter (WM) lesions.

Material and Methods

In a population-based study, 406 participants aged 75 years underwent morphological MRI of the brain and 252 of them again at age 80 years. At age 75 years, a perfusion scan was also done. WMHs were evaluated qualitatively (visual scoring) and quantitatively (CASCADE software). Lacunes and microbleeds were counted.

Results

A significant progression of the WMH score and WMH volume occurred over five years ( P < 0.0001). New lacunes were seen in 10%. Participants with new lacunes at age 80 years showed a more pronounced increase in WMHs (P < 0.0001). Microbleeds were present in 14% at age 75 years. The visual WMH score was significantly associated with the presence of microbleeds ( P < 0.0001). There was no relationship between total WM rCBF and WMH volume at age 75 years, and no significant associations between regional or total rCBF at age 75 years and changes in WMH volume over five years. The total WM and GM volume decreased significantly between the ages of 75 and 80 years ( P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

MRI manifestations of SVD progressed over five years in an elderly population (age range = 75–80 years). rCBF was not associated with WMH volume or progression of WMH volume.
For critical geographies of human rights1
Authors: Carmalt Jean C.
Published: August 2017

Few geographers have studied the theory, practice, and construction of international human rights. This article argues that human geographers should engage in what I term ‘critical geographies of human rights’. In essence, it argues that (a) geography is crucial to human rights claims because there is a spatial dimension to every injustice, (b) human rights are crucial to geography because they involve transnational political and legal relationships that contribute to the construction of specific landscapes, and (c) the co-constitutive nature of human rights, law, geography, and society means that scholarship in this arena can be simultaneously normative and descriptive.
Net stock issuance anomaly and cash flow explanation: A research note
Authors: Li Alan Meng , Naidu Dharmendra , Navissi Farshid , Ranjeeni Kumari
Published: August 2017

Prior studies show that net stock issuance is negatively associated with the cross section of future stock returns, reflecting a market anomaly. Our study provides empirical evidence on whether cash flow can mitigate such anomaly. Consistent with prior research, we initially provide evidence of the anomaly in our sample and that the anomaly persists in the presence of cash flow. We then decompose net stock issuance into stock issues and stock repurchases and find that the anomaly is only driven by stock issues but not stock repurchases and that the stock issues’ anomaly persists even in the presence of cash flow.

JEL Classification: G12, G14
Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase: Another signalling pathway for potential therapeutic targets in migraine?
Authors: Greco Rosaria , Demartini Chiara , Zanaboni Anna Maria , Berliocchi Laura , Piomelli Daniele , Tassorelli Cristina
Published: August 2017

Background

Drugs that modulate endocannabinoid signalling are effective in reducing nociception in animal models of pain and may be of value in the treatment of migraine.

Methods

We investigated the anti-nociceptive effects of inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), a key enzyme in the hydrolysis of the 2-arachidonoylglycerol, in a rat model of migraine based on nitroglycerin (NTG) administration. We evaluated c-fos expression in specific brain areas and nociceptive behavior in trigeminal and extra-trigeminal body areas.

Results

URB602, a reversible MGL inhibitor, did not show any analgesic effect in the tail flick test, but it inhibited NTG-induced hyperalgesia in both the tail flick test and the formalin test applied to the hind paw or to the orofacial area. Quite unexpectedly, URB602 potentiated formalin-induced hyperalgesia in the trigeminal area when used alone. The latter result was also confirmed using a structurally distinct, irreversible MGL inhibitor, JZL184. URB602 did not induce neuronal activation in the area of interest, but significantly reduced the NTG-induced neuronal activation in the ventrolateral column of the periaqueductal grey and the nucleus trigeminalis caudalis.

Conclusions

These findings support the hypothesis that modulation of the endocannabinoid system may be a valuable approach for the treatment of migraine. The topographically segregated effect of MGL inhibition in trigeminal/extra-trigeminal areas calls for further mechanistic research.
Discovery Orientation, Cognitive Schemas, and Disparities in Science Identity in Early Adolescence
Authors: Hill Patricia Wonch , McQuillan Julia , Spiegel Amy N. , Diamond Judy
Published: August 2017

Why are some youth more likely to think of themselves as a science kind of person than others? In this paper, we use a cognitive social-theoretical framework to assess disparities in science identity among middle school–age youth in the United States. We investigate how discovery orientation is associated with science interest, perceived ability, importance, and reflected appraisal, and how they are related to whether youth see themselves, and perceive that others see them, as a science kind of person. We surveyed 441 students in an ethnically diverse, low-income middle school. Gender and race/ethnicity are associated with science identity but not with discovery orientation. Structural equation model results show that the positive association between discovery orientation and science identity is mediated by science interest, importance, and reflected appraisal. These findings advance understanding of how science attitudes and recognition may contribute to the underrepresentation of girls and/or minorities in science.
Experimental and numerical study on short eccentric columns strengthened by textile-reinforced concrete under sustaining load
Authors: Liu Dejun , Huang Hongwei , Zuo Jianping , Duan Kang , Xue Yadong , Li Yingjie
Published: August 2017

For the eccentric compression structures which cannot be strengthened by wrap method, this paper presents an experimental and numerical study on flexural strengthening by applying textile reinforced concrete at the tensile face. Seven short columns were constructed and tested under eccentric load. One of the columns did not receive any strengthening and was used as the control column, whereas the rest six were externally upgraded by textile-reinforced concrete layers. The main parameters taken into account covered: (a) type of mortar, (b) preload level, and (c) number of textile-reinforced concrete layers. Besides the experimental program, a numerical investigation utilizing non-linear finite element analysis was carried out and a good agreement was obtained between the experimental and numerical results. Further, the numerical analysis was extended to additional cases to deepen the understanding of flexural-enhancing mechanism . It is concluded that textile-reinforced concrete substantially increases the flexural capacity of the eccentric compression columns; the more the textile layer, the greater the gain. However, the preload has an apparently adverse influence on the strengthening effectiveness, as it causes the strain loss of the textile; the bigger the preload level, the more the loss.
Formability and flow front observation of carbon/polyamide 6 randomly oriented strand composites during compression molding
Authors: Lee Hanchul , Bi Cheng , Tang Shuli , Hayashi Takahiro , Takahashi Jun
Published: August 2017

Chopped carbon fiber tape-reinforced thermoplastics are randomly oriented strand materials that are easy to process and have good mechanical properties. Studying the formability and flow evolution during compression molding is essential; in particular, clarifying the relationship between the forming parameters and mold-filling characteristics of highly concentrated fiber suspensions. Here, we investigated the key parameters of strand size and effective pressure and demonstrated filling a complex mold cavity under practical processing conditions. In addition, a simplified method for observing the progression of the flow front using a video camera was proposed, where the dependence of the applied load on the mold-filling time could be observed. Filling complex-shaped mold cavity using chopped carbon fiber tape-reinforced thermoplastics is achievable using shorter strands and higher pressures. Also, the degradation of mechanical performance should be carefully considered when the material undergoes large deformation to form complex-shaped products.
Sisal (Agave sisalana) fibre and its polymer-based composites: A review on current developments
Authors: Sahu Parul , Gupta MK
Published: August 2017

Nowadays, it has been global demand to overcome the abundant use of synthetic fibres with respect to save the environment. Sisal fibre is one of the widely used natural fibre and being used as reinforcement for polymer-based composites on account of its excellent properties. This review article deals a brief description of sisal fibre along with its recent applications and characterization of its polymer-based composites in terms of mechanical properties, thermal properties and tribological and water absorption behaviour. The recent applications of polymer-based sisal composites and recommendation for future work are also presented.
An Exploration of Alternative Scoring Methods Using Curriculum-Based Measurement in Early Writing
Authors: Allen Abigail A. , Poch Apryl L. , Lembke Erica S.
Published: August 2017

This manuscript describes two empirical studies of alternative scoring procedures used with curriculum-based measurement in writing (CBM-W). Study 1 explored the technical adequacy of a trait-based rubric in first grade. Study 2 explored the technical adequacy of a trait-based rubric, production-dependent, and production-independent scores in third grade. Results of Study 1 suggest that the rubric holds promise as a valid measure of sentence writing ability in first grade and has utility as a supplemental scoring procedure when using CBM-W as a screening tool. Results of Study 2 show that correct word sequences maintained the highest correlation coefficients across time with the trait-based rubric, but the other scoring procedures might offer promise as reliable alternative scoring methods. However, high internal correlations among the text features of the rubric along with highly variable interrater reliability suggest that caution must be taken in interpreting results.
Assessment of work-related accidents associated with waste handling in Belo Horizonte (Brazil)
Authors: Mol Marcos PG , Pereira Amanda F , Greco Dirceu B , Cairncross Sandy , Heller Leo
Published: August 2017

As more urban solid waste is generated, managing it becomes ever more challenging and the potential impacts on the environment and human health also become greater. Handling waste – including collection, treatment and final disposal – entails risks of work accidents. This article assesses the perception of waste management workers regarding work-related accidents in domestic and health service contexts in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. These perceptions are compared with national data from the Ministry of Social Security on accidents involving workers in solid waste management. A high proportion of accidents involves cuts and puncture injuries; 53.9% among workers exposed to domestic waste and 75% among those exposed to health service waste. Muscular lesions and fractures accounted for 25.7% and 12.5% of accidents, respectively. Data from the Ministry of Social Security diverge from the local survey results, presumably owing to under-reporting, which is frequent in this sector. Greater commitment is needed from managers and supervisory entities to ensure that effective measures are taken to protect workers’ health and quality of life. Moreover, workers should defend their right to demand an accurate registry of accidents to complement monitoring performed by health professionals trained in risk identification. This would contribute to the improved recovery of injured workers and would require managers in waste management to prepare effective preventive action.
Dynamics of a vertical-flow windrow vermicomposting system
Authors: Hanc Ales , Castkova Tereza , Kuzel Stanislav , Cajthaml Tomas
Published: August 2017

Large-scale vermicomposting under outdoor conditions may differ from small-scale procedures in the laboratory. The present study evaluated changes in selected properties of a large-scale vertical-flow windrow vermicomposting system with continuous feeding with household biowaste. The windrow profile was divided into five layers of differing thickness and age after more than 12 months of vermicomposting. The top layer (0–30 cm, age <3 months) was characterised by partially decomposed organic matter with a high pH value and an elevated carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio. The earthworm biomass was 15 g kg-1 with a population density of 125 earthworms per kilogram predominantly found in clusters. The greatest amount of fungi (3.5 µg g-1 dw) and bacteria (62 µg g-1 dw) (expressed as phospholipid fatty acid analysis) was found in this layer. Thus, the top layer could be used for an additional cycle of windrow vermicomposting and for the preparation of aqueous extracts to protect plants against diseases. The lower layers (graduated by 30 cm and by 3 months of age) were mature as reflected by the low content of ammonia nitrogen, ratio of ammonia to nitrate nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon, and high ion-exchange capacity and its ratio to carbon. These layers were characterised by elevated values for electrical conductivity, total content of nutrients, available magnesium content, and a relatively large bacterial/fungal ratio. On the basis of the observed properties, the bottom layers were predetermined as effective fertilisers.
Invisibility and Visibility in Alternative Organizing: A Communicative and Cultural Model
Authors: Cruz Joëlle M.
Published: August 2017

This study reengages organizational communication scholarship on invisibility and visibility through a cultural lens. Departing from Western-centered approaches, I deploy African feminisms to examine how organizational members communicatively negotiate invisibility and visibility in a different cultural logic and context. I focus on market women’s susu groups—grassroots organizations—in postconflict Liberia, West Africa. I conducted 100 hr of participant observation and 40 interviews with susu group members in Monrovia, Liberia. I unearth a communicative situational model to culture. At a micro-level, the model uncovers three situational dimensions—temporal, relational, and structural—that shape how organizational members negotiate invisibility and visibility. At a macro-level, the model contributes to emerging work on culture and organizing. In conclusion, the study moves past understandings of culture as a factor to consider underlying assumptions shaping how we conceptualize communicative processes, here invisibility and visibility.
Trafficking and Immigration Policy: Intersections, Inconsistencies, and Implications for Public Education
Authors: Lemke Melinda
Published: August 2017

A growing body of interdisciplinary research examines the dynamics of, policies concerning, and implications of large-scale contemporary displacement in the United States. Yet less of this research explores the intersections of policies concerned with and normative understandings of displacement as both relate to U.S. schooling. This article discusses distinctive features of global displacement also highlighting concerns about student experience within the current political climate. It then synthesizes key U.S. policies and interdisciplinary literature that address aspects of displacement, including immigration, human trafficking, and asylum. In doing so, it illuminates how laws designed to protect vulnerable youth populations often conflict with the goals and normative politics of immigration enforcement. It concludes with implications for educational policy research and practice within U.S. schools serving high percentages of displaced populations.
Immigrant Students in the Trump Era: What We Know and Do Not Know
Authors: Nguyen Chi , Kebede Maraki
Published: August 2017

The 2016 U.S. presidential election marked a time of deep political divide for the nation and resulted in an administrative transition that represented a drastic shift in values and opinions on several matters, including immigration. This article explores the implications of this political transition for immigrants’ K-16 educational experiences during President Trump’s administration. We revisit literature on school choice and the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)—two policy areas where the most significant changes are expected to occur—as it pertains to immigrant students in the United States. We identify areas where there is limited scholarship, such as the unique educational experiences of various minority immigrant subgroups, the interplay between race and immigration status, and immigrant students in rural areas. Recommendations are made for policy and research.
Hematologic, Biochemical, and Endocrine Parameters in Horses With Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis
Authors: Earley Edward T. , Rawlinson Jennifer R. , Baratt Robert M. , Galloway Stephen S. , Smedley Rebecca C. , Scarlett Janet M. , Refsal Kent R. , Dotzel Allison. R. , Cox Victor. S. , Perkins Gillian A.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) is a frequently diagnosed condition in adult horses. The underlying etiology is still unknown. Hematologic, biochemical, and endocrine values have not been reported in EOTRH-affected horses.

Objectives:

The main objective of the study was to describe the hematologic, biochemical, and endocrine parameters in horses with EOTRH.

Study Design:

Descriptive cross-sectional study of client-owned animals with EOTRH.

Methods:

A complete blood count, biochemistry panel, and endocrine profile were performed in horses diagnosed with EOTRH. Diagnosis was based on oral and radiographic examination findings and confirmed with histopathology.

Results:

Eighteen horses with EOTRH aged 10 to 32 years from various regions of the United States were sampled. The only consistent abnormality on the complete blood cell count and chemistry panel was hypoalbuminemia (88%). Endocrine parameters demonstrated no major abnormalities in the functioning of the thyroid and pituitary pars intermedia. The parathyroid hormone concentration was increased in 7 (47%) of 15 horses with an elevated 25-hydroxy vitamin D in 3 (17%) of 17 horses.

Main Limitations:

The main limitations of this study are the small sample size and lack of age-matched and management-matched control horses.

Conclusions:

The relevance of elevated parathyroid hormone in this study cannot be determined due to the lack of age-based controls and large population studies. With the small population evaluated in this study, there are no obvious hematological, biochemical, and endocrine changes evident. Further evaluation with signalment-matched controls will be necessary to evaluate some trends noted in the laboratory values.
Full-Mouth Intraoral Radiographic Survey in Rabbits
Authors: Regalado Adriana , Legendre Loïc
Published: August 2017

Dental pathologies are highly prevalent in pet rabbit populations, making oral radiography an essential tool in the evaluation of lagomorph dentitions. The unique anatomy of the rabbit’s mouth limits the examination of the conscious animal to the rostral portion of it's mouth. In addition, the oral examination of an aradicular hypsodont tooth is restricted to the short coronal fraction of its crown. Erstwhile images obtained by the extraoral technique were once considered the most practical and informative tool in rabbit dentistry; however, limited visualization of the key structures of individual teeth became the major drawback of this technique. As new imaging technologies are becoming widely available and affordable for veterinarians, intraoral radiography offers the ability to prevent, diagnose, and treat oral pathologies in lagomorphs. This article describes a step-by-step procedure to obtain a full-mouth radiographic survey in rabbits. For this technique, a standard dental X-ray generator and intraoral storage phosphor plates are used while applying the bisecting angle technique. Among the advantages of this technique are detailed visualization of internal and external dental structures, identification of early lesions, and detection of occult pathologies. Furthermore, intraoral images offer superior resolution and higher diagnostic quality with minimal radiation exposure, making this method safer for the veterinarian, staff members, and their patients.
Measures to assess the performance of an Australian non-government charitable non-acute health service: A Delphi Survey of Organisational Stakeholders
Authors: Colbran Richard , Ramsden Robyn , Stagnitti Karen , Adams Samantha
Published: August 2017

Organisation performance measurement is relevant for non-profit charitable organisations as they strive for security in an increasingly competitive funding environment. This study aimed to identify the priority measures and indicators of organisational performance of an Australian non-government charitable organisation that delivers non-acute health services. Seventy-seven and 59 participants across nine stakeholder groups responded to a two-staged Delphi technique study of a case study organisation. The stage one questionnaire was developed using information garnered through a detailed review of literature. Data from the first round were aggregated and analysed for the stage two survey. The final data represented a group consensus. Quality of care was ranked the most important of six organisational performance measures. Service user satisfaction was ranked second followed by financial performance, internal processes, employee learning and growth and community engagement. Thirteen priority indicators were determined across the six measures. Consensus was reached on the priority organisational performance measures and indicators. Stakeholders of the case study organisation value evidence-based practice, technical strength of services and service user satisfaction over more commercially orientated indicators.