bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limited privacy protection and poor sensitivity
Authors: Randall Sean M , Ferrante Anna M , Boyd James H , Brown Adrian P , Semmens James B
Published: May 2016

Background:

The statistical linkage key (SLK-581) is a common tool for record linkage in Australia, due to its ability to provide some privacy protection. However, newer privacy-preserving approaches may provide greater privacy protection, while allowing high-quality linkage.

Objective:

To evaluate the standard SLK-581, encrypted SLK-581 and a newer privacy-preserving approach using Bloom filters, in terms of both privacy and linkage quality.

Method:

Linkage quality was compared by conducting linkages on Australian health datasets using these three techniques and examining results. Privacy was compared qualitatively in relation to a series of scenarios where privacy breaches may occur.

Results:

The Bloom filter technique offered greater privacy protection and linkage quality compared to the SLK-based method commonly used in Australia.

Conclusion:

The adoption of new privacy-preserving methods would allow both greater confidence in research results, while significantly improving privacy protection.
Registry of Youth Onset Diabetes in India (YDR)
Authors: Praveen Pradeep A. , Madhu Sri Venkata , Mohan Viswanathan , Das Siddhartha , Kakati Sanjeeb , Shah Nalini , Chaddha Manoj , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar , Das Ashok Kumar , Shukla Deepak Kumar , Kaur Tanvir , Tandon Nikhil
Published: May 2016

Background:

With the aim of addressing the relative scarcity of information on youth-onset diabetes in India, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) decided to establish the Registry of People with Diabetes with Young Age at Onset (YDR) in 2006. The major objectives of YDR are to generate information on disease pattern or types of youth-onset diabetes including their geographical variations within India and to estimate the burden of diabetes complications.

Methods:

YDR is an observational multicenter clinic based registry enlisting physician diagnosed diabetes in individuals below 25 years of age. Diabetes was classified using symptom based clinical criteria. YDR data collection is coordinated through regional collaborating centers and their interacting reporting centers across India. A baseline and an annual follow-up proformas are used to obtain information on sociodemographic details, clinical profile, and anthropometric and laboratory measurements of the patients.

Results:

In phase 1, the registry has enrolled 5546 patients, in which type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was the most prevalent (63.9%), followed by youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (25.3%).

Conclusion:

This registry provides a unique opportunity to study the natural history of youth-onset diabetes in India.
Brand Experience Anatomy in Hotels: An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach
Authors: Khan Imran , Rahman Zillur
Published: May 2016

Identification of the factors of hotel brand experience (HBE) and the interrelationships shared by them are of interest to both practitioners and academics, as such an understanding would enable hoteliers to deliver superior HBE. However, very few studies have concentrated on brand experience in hotels. This study identifies the factors of HBE and determines the interrelationships among them through the development of a reliable and robust hierarchy-based model using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach. Results show that particular factors (hotel location, attractive and informative hotel website, and active exposure on social media) have a high degree of influence on the development of HBE and exhibit low dependence. The present work has significant implications for hoteliers who could use the findings of the study to provide superior HBE.
Iliolumbar incisional hernia following iliac bone harvesting: a rare complication
Authors: Tiwary Satyendra Kumar , Kumar Puneet , Khanna Ajay Kumar
Published: May 2016

Incisional hernia is a common post-surgical complication, but hernias through iliac bone defects after the harvesting of an iliac bone graft is rare. The common presentation includes swelling and discomfort, and sometimes features of intestinal obstruction. A computerized tomography (CT) scan is commonly used for the diagnosis and to define the anatomical defect in the bone. Surgery is recommended because of high risk of strangulation. While various methods of repairing this type of hernia have been described, we chose to perform mesh repair for an iliolumbar incisional hernia.
The philosophy of critical realism and childhood studies
Authors: Alderson Priscilla
Published: May 2016

Critical realism is a philosophy of social science that analyses and aims to remedy current problems and gaps. Basic tenets of positivist and quantitative research tend to contradict those of qualitative and interpretive research, and critical realism proposes ways to resolve the contradictions. Vital themes in childhood research that are reviewed in this article include a comparison with feminist research, critical realism, being and thought, transitive and intransitive, theory/practice consistency, agency and structure, closed and open systems, micro and macro in the global/local nexus, four planar social being, facts and values, and transformative change through the four-stage MELD dialectic. Critical realism aims to understand the world in order to be able move from coercion towards creative liberating power.
Scattered sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma cells within MALT lymphoma of the urinary bladder
Authors: Terada Tadashi
Published: May 2016

Recently the author encountered a peculiar tumour of the bladder consisting of the following three components: MALT lymphoma, scattered poorly cohesive sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma within MALT lymphoma, and surface non-invasive, low-grade conventional urothelial carcinoma (UC) occurring in a 65-year-old female. A low-power view showed MALT. Meticulous observations revealed a small amount of non-invasive, low-grade conventional UC at the surface area. In addition, meticulous observations identified a small number of cytokeratin-positive, poorly cohesive sarcomatoid UC cells scattered within the MALT lymphoma. The MALT lymphoma was typical. Immunohistochemically, the scattered sarcomatoid cells within the MALT lymphoma were positive for various types of CK, EMA, p53 and Ki-67 (LI = 70%). The MALT lymphoma was composed mainly of B-cells (CD10, CD20, CD23, CD79α, κ-chains and λ-chain), but T-cells positive for CD3, CD4, CD5, CD43 or CD45RO were seen in a very small number. This scattering sarcomatoid UC within MALT lymphoma of bladder has not been reported.
Don’t jettison the general error correction model just yet: A practical guide to avoiding spurious regression with the GECM
Authors: Enns Peter K. , Kelly Nathan J. , Masaki Takaaki , Wohlfarth Patrick C.
Published: May 2016

In a recent issue of Political Analysis, Grant and Lebo authored two articles that forcefully argue against the use of the general error correction model (GECM) in nearly all time series applications of political data. We reconsider Grant and Lebo’s simulation results based on five common time series data scenarios. We show that Grant and Lebo’s simulations (as well as our own additional simulations) suggest the GECM performs quite well across these five data scenarios common in political science. The evidence shows that the problems Grant and Lebo highlight are almost exclusively the result of either incorrect applications of the GECM or the incorrect interpretation of results. Based on the prevailing evidence, we contend the GECM will often be a suitable model choice if implemented properly, and we offer practical advice on its use in applied settings.
A comparative analysis of collective action frames in Nosamo and the Tea Party
Authors: Jenkins Matthew David , Sriram Shyam , Choi Jaedong
Published: May 2016

Classical collective action theories assume that successful political movements must have an organization and the ability to mobilize supporters in support of a common goal. Yet the unprecedented achievements of networked political movements have led scholars to reconsider these assumptions. South Korea’s Nosamo and the Tea Party Movement are unique among networked political movements in that they were aimed at electing specific political candidates. The ability of these two movements successfully to bypass party orthodoxy without a traditional organizational apparatus has bolstered optimism about participatory democracy. However, while both of these movements began as free-flowing horizontal networks, each developed a hierarchical organizational structure. We examine how the development of an organizational structure affected each group’s dominant frame, comparing structures and outcomes in the two cases. In particular, we find out whether there are differences in each group’s ability to affect a unified presence by examining group documents and news coverage. Our results suggest that a cohesive collective action frame is possible without formal organizations, though there may be other requirements that might obtain only under certain circumstances, somewhat weakening prospects for participatory democracy.
Demographic change and its social and political implications in the Middle East
Authors: Hamanaka Shingo
Published: May 2016

This study examines the effect of the demographic trend on the breakdown of authoritarian regimes in the Middle East. Several scholars have pointed out that the combination of youth’s disproportionate share of the total population, the “youth bulge,” and high unemployment throws a society into turmoil. The demographic change determines not only how human activities are conducted but also how a society embarks on a political transition, such as a revolution, a state breakdown, or a regime change.

I conduct two levels of empirical analysis of the political implications of the demographic dynamics in the Middle East. First, the macro-level analysis is based on cross-sectional data over two decades. This analysis will clarify whether the youth population had a significant effect on the Arab uprisings. Second, the micro-level analysis uses survey data from the Arab Democracy Barometer wave III to examine whether there is a significant correlation between youth and participation in protest. This analytical approach integrates the macro level with the micro level in order to avoid an ecological inference.

My empirical analysis finds evidence to support Jack Goldstone’s revolution theory: it is built on demographic changes accompanied by rising food prices. The hypothesis is tested by examining the interactive effect of youth bulge and the deteriorating economic situation in the two decades following the end of the Cold War. The empirical tests at both the macro and micro levels identify a statistically significant effect.
Between centrality and anxiety
Authors: Jain Purnendra , McCarthy Gregory
Published: May 2016

China’s centrality to Australia’s economy, migration, tourism, and student population is obvious today and likely to continue. And yet there appears to be anxiety among some in Australia about China’s ‘rise’, especially its growing military power, seemingly aggressive behaviour in disputed maritime space, global economic influence, and apparent quest for global leadership. This article analyses the two parallel realities (centrality and anxiety) of Australia’s relationship with China.
Administration of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Through Enteral Feeding Tubes
Authors: Peterson Jacob J. , Hoehns James D.
Published: May 2016

Objective: To review literature regarding direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and determine their viability of administration in solution or via enteral tubes. Data Sources: MEDLINE literature searches identified articles published 2007-present using MeSH terms: factor Xa inhibitors, antithrombins, biological availability, and enteral nutrition. Package inserts were included. Manufacturers were asked to provide literature. Study Selection and Data Extraction: We included studies emphasizing bioavailability or enteral administration. Data Synthesis: Dabigatran and edoxaban package inserts recommend against altering the dosage form, and against enteral administration. One rivaroxaban study was identified. Given with food, enteral administration was comparable to the oral tablet. The mean AUC (0.889, 90% CI 86.12-91.84%) was within the equivalency margins; however Cmax (0.820, 90% CI 78.84-85.86%) was slightly below the 80% threshold. One apixaban study was identified. They showed bioequivalence between oral and enteral administration in different vehicles, but decreased bioavailability when crushed tablets were given along with nutritional support. AUC and Cmax were 32% and 19% lower, respectively, when apixaban solution was given via nasogastric (NG) tube with nutritional supplement versus oral administration of solution. Conclusions: Dabigatran capsules should not be altered, due to large variations in drug exposure. Rivaroxaban can be given as oral solution or via NG tube. Larger doses must be given with nutritional supplementation and enteral tubes must not be distal to the stomach. Apixaban can be given as oral solution or via nasogastric or gastric tube on an empty stomach. Food impairs bioavailability of the crushed tablets. There are insufficient data to recommend enteral administration of edoxaban and the package insert recommends against altering tablets.
Predictors of β-Blocker Initiation After Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hickson Ryan P. , Brancato Candace J. , Moga Daniela C.
Published: May 2016

Background: Beta-blockers remain important for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction (MI). Despite clinical guideline recommendations, underutilization of this pharmacotherapy continues in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to the general post-MI population. Objective: This study aimed to (1) quantify the proportion of T2DM patients utilizing β-blocker therapy within 30 days of hospital discharge after MI and (2) identify clinical and demographic characteristics predicting initiation of β-blocker therapy. Methods: A retrospective cohort of US employed, commercially insured individuals was assembled using de-identified enrollment files, medical claims, and pharmacy claims from 2007 to 2009. Inclusion criteria were the following: (1) type 2 diabetes, (2) ≥18 years old, (3) continuous eligibility, (4) MI. Multivariable logistic regression with adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) using manual backward elimination was used to identify predictors of β-blocker initiation within 30 days of discharge from index hospitalization. Results: Of 341 T2DM patients, 167 (49.0%) were new users and 174 (51.0%) were nonusers of β-blockers within 30 days of post-MI hospital discharge. Patients on a calcium channel blocker (ORadj 2.63) and patients taking 1 to 5 medications (ORadj 3.59) were more likely to initiate β-blockers post-MI. Patients with heart failure (ORadj 0.45) or an arrhythmia (ORadj 0.44) were less likely to initiate β-blockers as well as patients with renal failure not taking a diuretic (ORadj 0.17). Conclusions: These results confirm previous findings that β-blockers are underutilized in T2DM patients post-MI. Predictors from the regression model can guide future research investigating how this deviation from guidelines is attributed to prescriber versus patient behavior.
Brachiocephalic Artery Disease Progression Resulting in Complex Steal Phenomena
Authors: Rodriguez Joleen Duarte
Published: May 2016

Severe brachiocephalic artery stenoses are relatively rare obstructions of the extracranial arteries and can cause significant changes to hemodynamics and spectral Doppler waveform patterns, complicating diagnosis. This case study presents disease progression from stenosis to occlusion and resulting complex steal phenomena extending to the contralateral upper extremity, which has not been widely reported. The sonographic findings of disease progression and collateral pathways were confirmed by magnetic resonance angiography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
Sonographic Detection of Skeletal Dysplasia
Authors: Twidwell Steven M. , Fisher Kelsy L.
Published: May 2016

A case of skeletal dysplasia was sonographically evaluated in the fetus of a 21-year-old patient. The diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta type II was suggested during a routine morphological examination at 17 weeks’ gestation, based on visualization of rhizomelia, bowed long bones, and decreased thoracic cavity size. Sonographically, this dysplasia was well visualized and contributed to a final diagnosis, highlighting the diagnostic value of prenatal sonography. The use of routine sonographic examinations continues to prove crucial for early detection of fetal abnormalities such as skeletal dysplasias.
Screening for Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Scott Ted , Jones Judy , Swan Hans
Published: May 2016

Compared with the assessment of most fetal anatomic structures, the assessment of the fetal heart during routine obstetric screening represents a diagnostic challenge for sonographers and interpreting physicians. This is due to a number of factors: the structural complexity of the heart, the rate at which it moves, the position of the fetus relative to the transducer, and variations in assessment protocols used by sonographers and physicians. The fetal heart is a relatively small and complex structure, as seen in an early second-trimester sonogram. In some forms of congenital heart disease, the abnormality may be detectable within only a relatively small fraction of the heart volume. Congenital heart disease represents a range of structural defects, a number of which have specific sonographic features that can be identified during routine assessment. Many approaches have been proposed to improve the assessment of the fetal heart, including specific still images, color Doppler, 3D imaging techniques, and cineloops.
Human neutrophil peptides inhibit cleavage of von Willebrand factor by ADAMTS13: a potential link of inflammation to TTP
Authors: Pillai Vikram G. , Bao Jialing , Zander Catherine B. , McDaniel Jenny K. , Chetty Palaniappan S. , Seeholzer Steven H. , Bdeir Khalil , Cines Douglas B. , Zheng X. Long
Published: May 2016

Key Points

HNPs inhibit proteolytic cleavage of VWF by ADAMTS13 by physically blocking VWF-ADAMTS13 interactions. Plasma levels of HNP1, HNP2, and HNP3 are markedly increased in patients with acquired autoimmune TTP.
Can preoperative thyroglobulin antibody levels be used as a marker for well differentiated thyroid cancer?
Authors: Hosseini S. , Payne R. J. , Zawawi F. , Mlynarek A. , Hier M. P. , Tamilia M. , Forest V. I.
Published: May 2016

Background

It has been reported that thyroglobulin antibody are more frequently elevated in patients with thyroid cancercompared to general population. This study aims at evaluating whether preoperative thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels increase the likelihood that a thyroid nodule is malignant.

Methods

A retrospective review of 586 patients who underwent thyroidectomy was conducted. Demographic data, TgAb levels, and final histopathology were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups: TgAb positive (defined as TgAb ≥ 30 IU/ml) and TgAb low/negative (defined as TgAb < 30).

Results

Preoperative TgAb levels were available in 405 patients. There were 353 (87 %) patients in the TgAblow/negative group (malignancy rate: 50.42 %) and 52 (13 %) patients in the TgAb positive group (malignancy rate: 65.38 %). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of TgAb ≥ 30 IU/ml for thyroid malignancy were 16.04 %, 90.67 %, 65.38 % and 49.58 %, respectively. The relative risk of having a malignant thyroid nodule when the TgAb titers were≥30 IU/ml was 1.30 (CI1.04-1.62) and the odds ratio was 1.86 (CI 1.01-3.41). Both the Pearson chi-square test (p = 0.024) and Fisher's exact test (p = 0.017) yielded statistical significance between the two groups.

Conclusions

In this study, patients with preoperative TgAb ≥ 30 IU/ml had a higher rate of malignancy when compared topatients with TgAb < 30 IU/ml. This suggests that an elevated TgAb level may indicate that a thyroid nodule is at an increased risk for malignancy.
Advanced Uses of Pulse Oximetry for Monitoring Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Authors: Tusman Gerardo , Bohm Stephan H. , Suarez-Sipmann Fernando
Published: May 2016

Pulse oximetry is an undisputable standard of care in clinical monitoring. It combines a spectrometer to detect hypoxemia with a plethysmograph for the diagnosis, monitoring, and follow-up of cardiovascular diseases. These pulse oximetry capabilities are extremely useful for assessing the respiratory and circulatory status and for monitoring of mechanically ventilated patients. On the one hand, the key spectrography-derived function of pulse oximetry is to evaluate a patient’s gas exchange that results from a particular ventilatory treatment by continuously and noninvasively measuring arterial hemoglobin saturation (Spo2). This information helps to maintain patients above the hypoxemic levels, leading to appropriate ventilator settings and inspired oxygen fractions. However, whenever higher than normal oxygen fractions are used, Spo2can mask existing oxygenation defects in ventilated patients. This limitation, resulting from the S shape of the oxyhemoglobin saturation curve, can be overcome by reducing the oxygen fraction delivered to the patient in a controlled and stepwise manner. This results in a Spo2/Fio2diagram, which allows a rough characterization of a patient’s gas exchange, shunt, and the amount of lung area with a low ventilation/perfusion ratio without the need of blood sampling. On the other hand, the photoplethysmography-derived oximeter function has barely been exploited for the purpose of monitoring hemodynamics in mechanically ventilated patients. The analysis of the photoplethysmography contour provides useful real-time and noninvasive information about the interaction of heart and lungs during positive pressure ventilation. These hemodynamic monitoring capabilities are related to both the assessment of preload dependency—mainly by analyzing the breath-by-breath variation of the photoplethysmographic signals—and the analysis of arterial impedance, which examines the changes in the plethysmographic amplitude, contour, and derived indexes. In this article, we present and describe these extended monitoring capabilities and propose a more holistic monitoring concept that takes advantage of these advanced uses of pulse oximetry in the monitoring of ventilated patients. Today’s monitors need to be improved if such novel functionalities were to be offered for clinical use. Future developments and clinical evaluations are needed to establish the true potential of these advanced monitoring uses of pulse oximetry.
Perioperative Outcomes in Intracranial Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
Authors: Gaba Prakriti , Puffer Ross C. , Hoover Jason M. , Wharen Robert E. , Parney Ian F.
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND: Patients with pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) routinely undergo multiple procedures to ensure recurrence-free survival and are resultantly at increased risk of experiencing perioperative complications (regional, medical, and/or neurological), a combination of which has not been recorded in previous studies.

OBJECTIVE: To determine perioperative outcomes in a cohort of patients (adult and pediatric) with intracranial PXA.

METHODS: We retrospectively identified 39 patients who underwent surgery at our institution for intracranial PXA between 1994 and 2011. Demographic factors were recorded along with Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), complications, and mortality.

RESULTS: Mean patient age was 31 years at the most recent surgery. A majority of patients (24; 62%) had multiple surgeries with a mean of 2 operations per patient. Eleven PXAs (28%) were malignant (grade III or IV). Perioperative complications included permanent neurological worsening in 4 patients (10%), regional complications in 4 (10%), and medical complications in 3 (8%). Preoperative KPS was ≥70 in 34 of 38 patients (89%). Long-term postoperative KPS was ≥70 in 36 of 37 patients (97%), suggesting good functional outcomes. There was no perioperative mortality, but 7 patients (18%) died of tumor progression. Patients with malignant PXAs trended toward higher risk of regional complications (3 of 11 patients [27%]; P = .06), received adjuvant therapy more often (10 of 11 patients [91%]; P < .001), had higher mortality from tumor progression (7 of 11 patients [64%]; P < .001), and were significantly larger (mean, 6.05 ± 0.73 cm standard error of the mean; n = 7; P < .01).

CONCLUSION: Both pediatric and adult PXAs may be resected with good functional outcomes. Perioperative neurological complications are relatively common, but do not affect long-term functional outcome or mortality. Malignant PXAs are higher risk for perioperative complications and, ultimately, death from tumor progression, despite increased use of adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy.
Nuclear migration events throughout development
Authors: Bone Courtney R. , Starr Daniel A.
Published: May 2016

Moving the nucleus to a specific position within the cell is an important event during many cell and developmental processes. Several different molecular mechanisms exist to position nuclei in various cell types. In this Commentary, we review the recent progress made in elucidating mechanisms of nuclear migration in a variety of important developmental models. Genetic approaches to identify mutations that disrupt nuclear migration in yeast, filamentous fungi, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and plants led to the identification of microtubule motors, as well as Sad1p, UNC-84 (SUN) domain and Klarsicht, ANC-1, Syne homology (KASH) domain proteins (LINC complex) that function to connect nuclei to the cytoskeleton. We focus on how these proteins and various mechanisms move nuclei during vertebrate development, including processes related to wound healing of fibroblasts, fertilization, developing myotubes and the developing central nervous system. We also describe how nuclear migration is involved in cells that migrate through constricted spaces. On the basis of these findings, it is becoming increasingly clear that defects in nuclear positioning are associated with human diseases, syndromes and disorders.
Scribble is required for pregnancy-induced alveologenesis in the adult mammary gland
Authors: Baker Leena , BeGora Michael , Au Yeung Faith , Feigin Michael E. , Rosenberg Avi Z. , Lowe Scott W. , Kislinger Thomas , Muthuswamy Senthil K.
Published: May 2016

The cell polarity protein scribble (SCRIB) is a crucial regulator of polarization, cell migration and tumorigenesis. Whereas SCRIB is known to regulate early stages of mouse mammary gland development, its function in the adult gland is not known. Using an inducible RNA interference (RNAi) mouse model for downregulating SCRIB expression, we report an unexpected role for SCRIB as a positive regulator of cell proliferation during pregnancy-associated mammary alveologenesis. SCRIB was required in the epithelial cell compartment of the mammary gland. Lack of SCRIB attenuated prolactin-induced activation of the JAK2–STAT5 signaling pathway. In addition, loss of SCRIB resulted in the downregulation of prolactin receptor (PRLR) at cell surface and its accumulation in intracellular structures that express markers of the Golgi complex and the recycling endosome. Unlike its role in virgin gland as a negative regulator cell proliferation, SCRIB is a positive regulator of mammary epithelial cell proliferation during pregnancy.
Specialized primary feathers produce tonal sounds during flight in rock pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Niese Robert L. , Tobalske Bret W.
Published: May 2016

For centuries, naturalists have suggested that the tonal elements of pigeon wing sounds may be sonations (non-vocal acoustic signals) of alarm. However, spurious tonal sounds may be produced passively due to aeroelastic flutter in the flight feathers of almost all birds. Using mechanistic criteria emerging from recent work on sonations, we sought to: 1) identify characteristics of rock pigeon flight feathers that might be adapted for sound production rather than flight, and 2) provide evidence that this morphology is necessary for in vivo sound production and is sufficient to replicate in vivo sounds. Pigeons produce tonal sounds (700±50Hz) during the latter 2/3 of each downstroke during take-off. These tones are produced when a small region of long, curved barbs on the inner vane of the outermost primary feather (P10) aeroelastically flutters. Tones were silenced in live birds when we experimentally increased the stiffness of this region to prevent flutter. Isolated P10 feathers were sufficient to reproduce in vivo sounds when spun at the peak angular velocity of downstroke (53.9-60.3 rad s−1), but did not produce tones at average downstroke velocity (31.8 rad s−1), while P9 and P1 feathers never produced tones. P10 feathers had significantly lower coefficients of resultant aerodynamic force (CR) when spun at peak angular velocity than at average angular velocity, revealing that production of tonal sounds incurs an aerodynamic cost. P9 and P1 feathers did not show this difference in CR. These mechanistic results suggest that the tonal sounds produced by P10 feathers are not incidental and may function in communication.
Political justice as an axiological principle of political ideologies
Authors: Карчагин  , Karchagin Evgeniy , Гапоненко  , Gaponenko Stanislav
Published: May 2016

The article analyzes the correlation between the political justice as a fundamental social and political value and political ideologies. The main historical stages of the development of «ideology» notion are defined. Political justice is broadly understood as the proper measure of distribution of political goods and it forms the ideal of social order, which regulates the relations of social subjects concerning the public authority. At the same time the forming of social ideal is one of the main aims of political ideologies. The mentioned conclusions allow to interpret «political justice» as a fundamental axiological principle which proves the definite ideal of socio-political order. It is urged to regulate the social subject’s relationship concerning public authority.
Strategies for the development of internal communication in public organization: practical aspects and theoretical dilemmas
Authors: Стефанова  , Stefanova Dimitrina , Василев  , Vasilev Valentin
Published: May 2016

Human resources management has changed considerably for the recent years. Crisis situations of various natures are the major factors of development of the science of management. The subject of this article is the role of crisis and efficient human resources management in the modern organization and the specific role of internal communications. The authors prove that the strategy of internal communications should be an indivisible part of the PR-strategy and HR-strategy. Stages of strategy development and features of the communication audit in public institutions are revealed.
Political and legal problems of increasing the efficiency of combating transnational crime
Authors: Залужный  , Zaluzhnyy Aleksandr , Бойко  , Boyko Pavel
Published: May 2016

The article is devoted to political and legal questions of international cooperation in the sphere of combating transnational crime. The urgency of presented problems is caused by the fact that today transnational organized crime is radically transformed in compliance with globalization processes, accumulates considerable material resources, expands spheres of influence, gets into state bodies and financial and economic institutes of various countries, is often closely connected with terrorist and extremist organizations. On the basis of studying international documents and experience of interaction of various countries in the examined sphere, the basic tendencies of development of international cooperation in the struggle against transnational crime, ways of perfection of legal base of states interaction on combating international crime are defined.
Realisation of organizational and economic instruments for sustainable development of fuel and energy complex
Authors: Нестеренко  , Nesterenko Sergey , Хубулова  , KHubulova Vyeronika
Published: May 2016

The article describes the main components of the selection evaluation of organizational and economic instruments for sustainable development of fuel and energy complex. The most universal system of indicators of sustainable development is revealed, the aim of which is the substantiation of decisions, awareness of various problems, evaluation of the effectiveness of efforts being made on the basis of analysis of socio—economic, legal and environmental indicators. The main problems and threats that affect the state of the investment field of fuel and energy complex are determined. The need to rationalize the investment flows and ensuring close links between investment and research activities aimed at protecting the environment is concretized.
Comparative assessment of the dynamics of investment efficiency in fixed capital at the level of federal districts of Russia
Authors: Барбашова  , Barbashova Ekaterina , Лясковская  , Lyaskovskaya Olga , Абрамова  , Abramova Galina
Published: May 2016

The article proposes an approach to the determination of investment efficiency at the regional level and provides a comparative assessment of investment efficiency in different economic activities.The assessment of investment efficiency is preceded by the analysis of GRP structures and investments in the economy of the Central Federal District in the context of foreign trade, which allows to identify and then to give a comparative assessment of investment efficiency in fixed capital in the two leading types of economic activities on the share of GRP in the Central Federal District in 2005 and 2012: trade and processing production.The instruments for analysis became a package of statistical programs SPSS Statistics 22.
Creating mechanisms of attracting private investment resources in the implementation of innovative projects in low-rise construction
Authors: Волкова  , Volkova Alla
Published: May 2016

An important source of investment resources of low— rise housing construction is the investment activity of the population. The author developed a mechanism for attracting private investment resources in the implementation of innovative projects in the field of low— rise building, which will lead to the creation of an environment conducive to investment of construction sector, as well as to attract external sources of financing innovation. The article discusses how to create a favorable environment for the development of investment processes in the innovation environment of construction companies.
Fan pleasure and profit: Use-value, exchange-value, and one-sixth scale action figure customization
Authors: Godwin Victoria L.
Published: May 2016

One-sixth scale action figure fans complicate existing fan studies models, which emphasize cultural or social capital over economic capital, and which minimize or erase fan activities involving potential profit to focus instead upon gift economies. One-sixth scale action figure customization and other material fan practices offer productive examples of how multiple fandoms incorporate both pleasure and profit, use-value and exchange-value, into their fan practices, and how they explain or justify such practices to those within and outside their fan communities. Customizers emphasize their creations’ use-value over exchange-value in three specific ways. First, customizers create items not offered by any company. Second, they create affordable alternatives to expensive official merchandise. Third, their projects remedy inferior aspects of officially licensed merchandise. Customizers modify existing products or create their own if they cannot find or afford desired items of appropriate quality. These justifications offer insights into how multiple other fandoms likewise frame any commercial efforts as emphasizing use-value over exchange-value. Such constructions of fan practices ward against legal and ethical complications of using licensed texts, characters, and/or merchandise as a base or inspiration for one’s own creative efforts.
Candy coloured ponies and pastel uniforms: Military Bronies and masculine innocence
Authors: Amon Maria Patrice
Published: May 2016

The Hasbro Company’s My Little Pony franchise began as a toy line marketed specifically to young girls; however, with the 2010 franchise reboot under the new title My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, an unanticipated and vocal following of adult men terming themselves ‘Bronies’ emerged as fans. As a focused subset of the brony community, ‘Military Bronies’ are challenging traditional expectations of masculinity and radically moving towards accessing formerly proscribed designations of innocence. The Military Brony phenomenon generates a sense of masculine innocence through the refutation of traditional cultural limitations on heteronormative masculinity.
From voice-body to sound-body: A phenomenological approach to the voice
Authors: Wilkins Caroline
Published: May 2016

This article concerns some phenomenological aspects of the voice with regard to an emergent form of performance embraced by the term Sound Theatre. Beginning from the context of a practical perspective, I discuss the impact of phenomenology on my own experience as a composer/performer. Within this framework my purpose is to define a method of analysis based on elements such as spacetime, memory and identity through an examination of the relationship between performer, voice, technology and audience. I draw on Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of gesture, a departure point for understanding the voice-body as medium in performance. Elaborating on this to include its interaction with technology in performance, I recall Hayles’s theory of post-humanism that proposes the existence of a three-way communication between humans, machines and audiences. Placed within a performance context, I argue that the voice itself can assume another presence, one that sheds former conventions and allows for it to speak differently, showing us other aspects of its being in its metamorphosis as a sound-body. Thus acknowledged, it assumes another thinking role within the creative process.
Extended vocal technique and Joan La Barbara: The relational ethics of voice on the edge of intelligibility
Authors: Bell Gelsey
Published: May 2016

This article explores vocalist and composer Joan La Barbara’s use of extended vocal technique, and its implications for imagining new kinds of ethical and political relationality with the voice. Focusing on her earliest composition, ‘Voice Piece: One-note internal resonance investigation’ (first premiered in 1974), the article examines her compositional process, tracking its development in the American experimental music tradition, and its relationship to improvisation and embodiment. Working outside of language and celebrating unconventional vocalizations, La Barbara’s music thrives on the dynamics of vocal discovery and mystery, realigning the voice away from customary modes of subjecthood based on speech and paralinguistic primary attributes, and towards a posthumanist vocality that does not seek to resolve all elements of foreignness. Drawing on theories from philosophers like Jacques Rancière and Judith Butler, the political and ethical concerns of the voice are re-examined within the locus of extended vocal technique as seen through La Barbara’s example.
Uluzuzulalia and the ‘Your Vivacious Voice’ project: A first report on collaborating with scientists to elicit children’s extra-normal voices
Authors: Bonenfant Yvon
Published: May 2016

Uluzuzulalia was a performance for children. It was developed as part of the larger ‘Your Vivacious Voice’ project, undertaken by practice-immersed researcher Yvon Bonenfant. This project aimed to elicit unusual vocalization from children aged 6–11 and their adults, and then celebrate the aesthetic sophistication and unruliness of the resultant sounds, as well as of the temporarily de-disciplined, or perhaps we might say re-disciplined, vocal bodies of the audience. Uluzuzulalia was a performancestyle experience that toured to theatre and music venues. This report article describes some of the key drivers that underpinned the project, articulates some of its results and makes a short, initial assessment of some of the challenges faced by the creative team and the respective solutions that were explored. The article sets the stage for further analytical writing on the project.
Reviews
Authors: Bonenfant Yvon , Soper Kate , Thomaidis Konstantinos , Bulut Zeynep
Published: May 2016

FOUNDATIONS OF VOICE STUDIES: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO VOICE PRODUCTION AND PERCEPTION, JODY KREIMAN AND DIANA SIDTIS ([2011] 2013) Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 504 pp., ISBN: 9780631222972, h/bk, £89.95; ISBN: 9781118546703, p/bk, £29.95

CATHY BERBERIAN: PIONEER OF CONTEMPORARY VOCALITY, PAMELA KARANTONIS, FRANCESCA PLACANICA, ANNE SIVUOJAKAUPPALA AND PIETER VERSTRAETE (EDS) (2014) Surrey: Ashgate, 249 pp., ISBN: 9781409469834, h/bk, $119.95

SINGING THE BODY ELECTRIC: THE HUMAN VOICE AND SOUND TECHNOLOGY, MIRIAMA YOUNG (2015) 1st ed., Farnham, UK and Burlington, VT, USA: Ashgate, 223 pp., ISBN: 9780754669869, h/bk, $104.95

ON VOICE, WALTER BENHART AND LAWRENCE KRAMER (EDS) (2014) Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, 252 pp., ISBN: 9789042038219, h/bk, $55.80
Considerations on conceptual frameworks for writing liminality into popular film
Authors: Theo LJ (Nic)
Published: May 2016

This article addresses the widely accepted, yet fictive dichotomy between the categories of ‘genre’ and ‘art’ film. These paradigms are perpetuated throughout the global film-making system by Hollywood norms that encourage screenwriters for popular films to write for genre category, rather than to reflect complex human experience in stories of liminality and interstitiality. An alternative conceptual framework for filmic narrative architecture that addresses these concerns can be developed out of the epistemological paradigm of ‘realism’ put forward by Birger Langkjaer. This construct is both-and-neither ‘genre’ and ‘art’, and enables a more grounded view of film narrative as composed of complex plots, characters and subject-matter/themes. However, in order to conceive of alternatives in ways that are pragmatically sound, account must be taken of how the profit-motives of Hollywood perpetuate dominant discourses. Such scholarship should also acknowledge the complexity of anthropological constructions of liminality, as well as the nature of film narrative as semiotic communication rendered to active (rather than passive) audiences. Taking account of these considerations, effective paradigmatic re-phrasing of film screenwriting can be engaged to encourage a philosophy of embodied experience in film practices, thereby reclaiming the power of subjectivity and voice in filmic narrative.
A professional history of screenwriters in Germany (1910–1945)
Authors: Scholz Juliane
Published: May 2016

This article outlines the emergence of screenwriters in Germany from 1910 until 1945. It focuses on the technological, cultural, social and political contexts and changing occupational environments that shaped screenwriting craft into an accepted media profession. German screenwriters were subsequently influenced by the ‘author film movement’ in the 1910s, and soon established a professional association to obtain professional status in 1919. Following the national socialist takeover in 1933, the political influence on German screenwriting became the main concern of their professional and creative practice. The article outlines the key events and patterns and how the occupation was shaped towards a creative profession, and describes the ways in which its professional history was influenced by institutional, political, cultural and industrial configurations.
Gabriel García Márquez’s Scriptwriting Workshop: Screenwriting pedagogy and collective screenwriting in Latin America
Authors: Arellano Jerónimo
Published: May 2016

This article explores three volumes published in Latin America in the 1990s under the banner ‘Gabriel García Márquez’s Scriptwriting Workshop’. These volumes compile transcripts of the workshops for Latin American screenwriters that the Nobel Laureate taught at the International Cinema and Television School in Santo Domingo de los Baños, Cuba, in the 1980s and 1990s. García Márquez’s scriptwriting workshops were practice-based and production-oriented, generating film and television scripts that were subsequently brought to the screen. Therefore, while these workshop texts were disseminated throughout Latin America as manuals for aspiring screenwriters, these collected transcripts also disclose processes of creative collaboration taking shape within localized industrial contexts. Drawing on contemporary research on screenwriting manuals, critical industrial practices and forms of corporate and situational authorship, this article explores García Márquez’s workshop as a window into the craft training of screenwriters and the development of forms of collective screenwriting emerging at the intersection of literary and cinema movements in Latin America.
Writing characters with intersex variations for television
Authors: Hart Phoebe
Published: May 2016

Throughout history, people with intersex variations have been positioned somewhere between ‘prodigy literature and pornography, mythology and medical discourse’. Contemporary representations have changed in step with societal values, yet it could be argued there is still slippage towards sensationalism. This article explores the writing of fictional characters with intersex variations for television. It is posited that screenwriters must go beyond limiting, stereotypical representations, and write characters with intersex variations ‘as an everyday social type’. Scripts that develop characters and narrative arcs in league with the intersex community rupture stigma and pre-inscription, defy current medical interference and promote ethical debates.
Reviews
Authors: Wells Paul , Rossholm Anna Sofia , Gorton Kristyn , Wells-Lassagne Shannon , Moore Cath , Peirse Alison
Published: May 2016

Screenwriting in the Digital Era, Kathryn Millard (2014) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan: 256 pp., ISBN: 9781137319104, e-Book, $69.99; ISBN: 9780230343283, h/bk, $95.00; ISBN: 9781349344659, p/bk, $90.00

Teaching Adaptations, Deborah Cartmell and Imelda Whelehan (eds) (2014) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillian, 208 pp., ISBN: 9781137311122, h/bk, £55.00; ISBN: 9781137311153, p/bk, £18.90

Inside the Writers’ Room: Conversations with American TV Writers, Christina Kallas (2014) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 184 pp., ISBN: 9781137338105, p/bk, £16.99

Time in Television Narrative: Exploring Temporality in Twenty-First-Century Programming, Melissa Ames (ed.) (2012) Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 337 pp., ISBN: 9781617032936, h/bk, $60.00; ISBN: 9781628461732, p/bk, $30.00

The Psychology of Screenwriting, Jason Lee (2013) New York, London: Bloomsbury Academic, 208 pp., ISBN: 9781441104984, h/bk, £40.50; ISBN: 9781441128478, p/bk, £16.99

Writing the Horror Movie, Marc Blake and Sara Bailey (2013) London: Bloomsbury Academic, 272 pp., ISBN: 9781441196187, p/bk, £16.99
Event Reviews
Authors: Osmond Dr Suzanne , Fajt Mateja , Pecorari Giulia , Choat Alyssa
Published: May 2016

CRITICAL COSTUME 2015 CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION, AALTO UNIVERSITY, HELSINKI, 25–27 MARCH 2015

PATTERNS OF INEQUALITY: A REVIEW OF THE CRITICAL COSTUME 2015 CONFERENCE FROM A STUDENT PERSPECTIVE ON POWER STRUCTURES

CRITICAL COSTUME: A CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION WHERE THEORY AND PRACTICE COME TOGETHER

NEW SPACES
Book Reviews
Authors: Matheson Linda , Pantouvaki Sofia
Published: May 2016

COSTUME: READINGS IN THEATRE PRACTICE, ALI MACLAURIN AND AOIFE MONKS (2015) London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 173 pp., 978-1-137-02948-5, Paperback

BEHIND THE SEAMS, JAMES BELLINI AND SALLY ANGEL (2015) London: Morris Angel & Son Ltd., 176 pp., 978-0-9932983-0-1, Hardback