bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THỰC TRẠNG NHÂN LỰC VÀ SỰ HÀI LÒNG ĐỐI VỚI CÔNG VIỆC CỦA NHÂN VIÊN Y TẾ TẠI TRUNG TÂM KIỂM SOÁT BỆNH TẬT TỈNH BẮC NINH
Authors: Trần Thị Lý , Trịnh Thanh Loan
Published: August 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Thiếu hụt nguồn nhân lực là một trong những vấn đề nghiêm trọng, cần được xem xét như một phần không thể tách rời trong việc củng cố hệ thống y tế. Sự hài lòng đối với công việc ảnh hưởng đến hiệu quả và năng suất của nguồn nhân lực. Mục tiêu: Mô tả thực trạng nguồn nhân lực và sự hài lòng hài lòng đối với công việc của nhân viên y tế tại Trung tâm Kiểm soát bệnh tật tỉnh Bắc Ninh, năm 2020. Phương pháp: Điều tra cắt ngang, nghiên cứu định lượng. Kết quả: Cơ cấu chuyên môn và cơ cấu bộ phận chưa hợp lý. Thiếu bác sĩ, kỹ thuật viên xét nghiệm và thừa cán bộ quản lý, hành chính. Điểm trung bình hài lòng chung về Trung tâm của NVYT đạt 3,88 điểm và tỷ lệ hài lòng đạt 75,56%.
THỰC TRẠNG KIẾN THỨC VỀ BIỆN PHÁP TRÁNH THAI CỦA SINH VIÊN ĐIỀU DƯỠNG TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC ĐIỀU DƯỠNG NAM ĐỊNH NĂM 2022
Authors: Trần Quang Tuấn , Đào Thị Hồng Nhung
Published: August 2023

Mục tiêu: Mô tả thực trạng kiến thức về biện pháp tránh thai (BPTT) của sinh viên. Đối tượng nghiên cứu: Sinh viên (SV) điều dưỡng năm nhất của trường Đại học Điều dưỡng Nam Định (ĐH ĐDNĐ). Kết quả: 123 sinh viên tham gia nghiên cứu trong đó 95,9% SV biết ít nhất 1 trong các BPTT. Có 7 BPTT mà sinh viên biết: bao cao su, dụng cụ tử cung, thuốc tránh thai, thuốc diệt tinh trùng, đình sản, xuất tinh ngoài âm đạo, tính vòng kinh. SV nữ có kiến thức tốt là 76,5% cao gấp 3,575 lần sinh viên nam. SV có hoặc đã có người yêu có kiến thức tốt là 77,6% cao gấp 2,078 lần so với nhóm chưa có người yêu. Nhóm sinh viên tìm hiểu thông tin qua báo trí, truyền hình, internet có tỷ lệ kiến thức tốt 82,1% cao gấp 4,842 lần so với nhóm sinh viên tiếp cận thông tin theo cách khác. Kết luận: Có 95,9% trong 123 sinh viên biết ít nhất 1 trong 7 BPTT. Sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê về nhóm sinh viên có kiến thức tốt với giới tính, đang có hoặc đã có người yêu; với cách tiếp cận thông tin (p<0,05).
NGHIÊN CỨU MỘT SỐ ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG CỦA BỆNH NHÂN NHIỄM KHUẨN HUYẾT DO VI KHUẨN GRAM ÂM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN HỮU NGHỊ VIỆT TIỆP GIAI ĐOẠN 2018 - 2020
Authors: Lưu Thị Thanh Duyên , Bùi Văn Mạnh , Phạm Thái Dũng
Published: August 2023

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu một số đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng của bệnh nhân nhiễm khuẩn huyết. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả tiến cứu trên 99 bệnh nhân nhiễm khuẩn huyết do vi khuẩn Gram âm trong tổng số 105 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán nhiễm khuẩn huyết tại Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Tiệp giai đoạn 2018 - 2020. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình là 66,2 ± 16,6. Vi khuẩn xâm nhập qua đường vào tiêu hóa, hô hấp, tiết niệu lần lượt là 47,4%, 16,2% và 10,1%. Sốt  (> 38oC) là 74,8%; Rét run chiếm 69,7%. Số lượng bạch cầu là 15,4±10,8 G/L. Nồng độ Procalcitonin (trung vị, khoảng tứ phân vị) là 30,1 (6,4-70,0) ng/ml và Lactate máu (trung vị, khoảng tứ phân vị) là 2,0 (0-5,8) mmol/l. Tỷ lệ E.coli là 40,4% và K. Pneumoniae là 27,3%. Kết luận: Đường vào của vi khuẩn chủ yếu là tiêu hóa và hô hấp; bạch cầu máu tăng; E.coli và K.Pneumoniae là hai tác nhân gây bệnh chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất.
NGHIÊN CỨU THÀNH PHẦN LOÀI, PHÂN BỐ MUỖI AEDES Ở TỈNH THỪA THIÊN - HUẾ
Authors: Nguyễn Thanh Huyền , Nguyễn Khắc Lực , Lê Quốc Tuấn
Published: August 2023

Muỗi và bọ gậy được thu thập ở 306 hộ gia đình tại thành phố Huế và thị xã Hương Thủy của tỉnh Thừa Thiên- Huế. Kết quả, thu thập được hai loài muỗi Ae. aegypti và Ae. albopictus, không thu thập được loài Aedes khác. Trong đó, số nhà có muỗi Ae. aegypti là 63 (20,6%). Số nhà có muỗi Ae. albopictus là 62 (20,3%). Muỗi Ae. aegypti phân bố ưu thế ở vùng nội thành (thành phố Huế). Muỗi Ae. albopictus phân bố ưu thế ở vùng ngoại thành (thị xã Hương Thủy)
NHẬN XÉT MỘT SỐ ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG KHỐI U BUỒNG TRỨNG XOẮN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN QUÂN Y 103
Authors: Trịnh Hùng Dũng , Đào Nguyên Hùng , Nguyễn Văn Hải , Lê Văn Tuyên
Published: August 2023

Mục tiêu: Nhận xét một số đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng khối u buồng trứng xoắn (UBTX). Đối tượng và phương pháp: 36 bệnh nhân (BN) chẩn đoán xác định khối u buồng trứng xoắn Bệnh viện Quân y 103 từ 1/2019 đến 12/2022. Kết quả: Độ tuổi trung bình của bệnh nhân trong nghiên cứu là 31,86±10,76, nhóm tuổi chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất là 20-35 (61,11%). Đa số bệnh nhân không có tiền sử phẫu thuật trước đó (72,22%). Tất cả bệnh nhân đều có triệu chứng đau bụng hạ vị. Buồn nôn, nôn là triệu chứng cơ năng thường gặp thứ hai (47,21%). Khi thăm khám, 100% bệnh nhân đều sờ thấy khối u. Khối u kích thước 5-10cm thường sờ thấy khi thăm khám (83,33%). Các khối u buồng trứng xoắn ở bên phải thường gặp hơn (66,67%). Phần lớn là hình ảnh trống âm (41,67%) và hỗn hợp âm (36,11%) với sự mất tín hiệu mạch (50%) hoặc giảm tín hiệu mạch (25%) trên siêu âm. Kích thước khối u có tỷ lệ xoắn cao nhất là 5-10cm. Kết luận: Nghiên cứu này cho thấy khối u buồng trứng xoắn có thể gặp ở bất kỳ lứa tuổi nào, nhưng thường gặp nhất ở lứa tuổi sinh đẻ. Đau bụng và buồn nôn, nôn là triệu trứng cơ năng thường gặp nhất ở bệnh nhân khối UBTX. Trên siêu âm, kích thước khối thường gặp 5-10cm với sự mất tín hiệu hoặc giảm tín hiệu mạch.
MẤT NGỦ VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở SINH VIÊN ĐẠI HỌC TẠI THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: Phạm Thị Thanh Ngân , Trần Nguyễn Quỳnh Anh , Phạm Đình Đức , Trần Khánh Huyền , Nguyễn Lê Thị Bình Minh , Nguyễn Hữu Tín , Thái Thanh Trúc
Published: August 2023

Mục tiêu: Mất ngủ là rối loạn giấc ngủ thường gặp nhất và ảnh hưởng đến nhiều khía cạnh về thể chất, tinh thần cũng như kết quả học tập ở sinh viên. Nghiên cứu được tiến hành với mục tiêu xác định tỷ lệ và các mối liên quan đến tình trạng mất ngủ ở sinh viên tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: nghiên cứu cắt ngang được tiến hành tại 4 trường đại học tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh với dữ liệu được thu thập thông qua khảo sát trực tuyến bằng Google Forms. Bộ câu hỏi bao gồm các thông tin về đặc điểm cá nhân - xã hội, thói quen sử dụng điện thoại - truy cập internet, và thang đo đánh giá Chỉ số mức độ nghiêm trọng của chứng mất ngủ. Ngưỡng cắt ≥15 điểm được dùng để xác định có triệu chứng mất ngủ. Kết quả: Trong 2034 sinh viên trong phân tích số liệu, tỷ lệ mất ngủ là 24,9%. Nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy mất ngủ nhiều hơn ở sinh viên ≥21 tuổi (OR=1,25 KTC 95% 1,01-1,53), đang học năm 3, 4 (OR=1,36 KTC 1,08-2,69), kết quả học tập trung bình (OR = 1,76 KTC 95% 1,33-2,31) hoặc yếu kém (OR=2,08 KTC 95% 1,05-4,10). Ngoài ra, kết quả cũng cho thấy có mối liên quan có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa tình trạng mất ngủ với cảm thấy áp lực học tập từ trường (OR=2,12 KTC 95% 1,51-2,95), căng thẳng do thi rớt, thi lại (OR=2,17 KTC 95% 1,74-2,71), sử dụng điện thoại trước khi đi ngủ (OR=1,93 KTC 95% 1,06-3,51) và nghiện sử dụng điện thoại di động (OR=1,84 KTC 95% 1,48-2,28). Kết luận: Tỷ lệ sinh viên báo cáo mất ngủ khá cao. Sinh viên cần có kế hoạch trong việc chăm sóc giấc ngủ của mình cũng như nhận thức được ảnh hưởng tiêu cực của mất ngủ đến sức khỏe thể chất, sức khỏe tinh thần và khả năng học tập
MÔ TẢ ĐẶC ĐIỂM VI SINH TRÊN CÁC BỆNH NHÂN ĐƯỢC CHỈ ĐỊNH COLISTIN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN E
Authors: Nguyễn Bảo Kim , Bùi Sơn Nhật , Nguyễn Trung Nghĩa , Nguyễn Thị Hà
Published: August 2023

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm vi khuẩn và khảo sát mức độ nhạy cảm với kháng sinh colistin của các chủng vi khuẩn Gram âm phân lập tại Bệnh viện E. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang mô tả được thực hiện trên 61 hồ sơ bệnh án của các bệnh nhân sử dụng colistin từ tháng 01/2021 đến tháng 12/2021 tại Bệnh Viện E. Kết quả: Các bệnh nhân được điều trị chủ yếu tại khoa hồi sức tích cực (83,6%) với bệnh lý nhiễm khuẩn chính là viêm phổi (78,7%). Các mẫu bệnh phẩm được lấy khá đa dạng, chủ yếu là đờm, máu và nước tiểu. Các tác nhân vi khuẩn phân lập được liên quan đến chỉ định chỉ định colistin thường gặp nhất là A. baumannii và P. aeruginosa lần lượt chiếm tỷ lệ 57,1% và 28,6%. Vi khuẩn đa kháng (MDR) chiếm đa số với tỷ lệ 59,7%., A. baumannii là chủng kháng nhiều nhất (56,5%). Có 11 chủng (8 chủng A. baumannii, 2 chủng P. aeruginosa và 1 chủng E. coli đã toàn kháng kháng sinh. Bốn chủng vi khuẩn được làm kháng sinh đồ với colistin A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae và C. freundii có tỷ lệ S, I, R lần lượt là: 23,3%,  73,3%, 6,7%. Trong đó, chỉ có 9 mẫu được trả kèm theo kết quả MIC: A.baumannii có MIC dao động từ: 0,025 - 0,5 µg/ml. Kết luận: Colistin là một trong những lựa chọn cuối cùng cho vi khuẩn Gram âm đa kháng. Trong nghiên cứu này đã có sự xuất hiện các chủng vi khuẩn kháng với colistin. Do đó cần cân nhắc lựa chọn sử dụng colistin cũng như tối ưu hóa liều colistin theo giá trị MIC để ngăn ngừa xuất hiện các chủng vi khuẩn đề kháng.
Understanding the Supports and Skills that Enable Successful Pathways for Black Learners and Workers into Non-Four-Year Degree Technology Careers: A Landscape Scan
Authors: Carter Bria , Tinsley Brian , Luke Luna Christina , LeGrand-Dunn Jhacole , Shah Zohal
Published: August 2023

While diversity within the technology industry has been critical for developing robust and creative technology solutions, recruiting and retaining diverse tech talent in today’s society has been a challenge worldwide, especially for Black learners and workers. Subsequently, the technology field is left lacking in diversity of thought and perspective among technology industry practitioners and leaders. By examining peer-reviewed journal articles, statistical data from research reports, and website material from professional associations, this landscape scan synthesizes existing research and curates programs, services, and supports that effectively promote the success of Black learners and workers within technology career pathways.
A practice framework to improve accessibility of maternal healthcare services for women with disabilities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors:   , Mheta Doreen
Published: August 2023

Background Access to maternal healthcare services is a challenge in most low and middleincome countries. South Africa is one of the countries striving to improve the accessibility of maternal healthcare services. Although South Africa has put some interventions to improve the accessibility of maternal healthcare services, vulnerable women including women with disabilities are still facing numerous challenges when trying to access maternal healthcare services. Aim The aim of the study was to explore the factors that impact access to public maternal healthcare services for women with disabilities in KwaZulu-Natal with the ultimate goal of developing a practice framework to improve women with disabilities’ access to maternal healthcare services. Methodology An in-depth qualitative study was conducted using the case study method. Interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data. Twelve women with disabilities (four with physical impairments, four with hearing impairments and four with visual impairments) were interviewed for this study. Focus group discussions were conducted with sixteen midwives and one-on-one interviews were conducted with four gynaecologists and one medical officer. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed utilising the framework of assessing access to maternal healthcare services by Peters et al. 2008: 162. Findings Several factors impact access to maternal healthcare services for women with disabilities. They are classified into systemic, infrastructural and personal. These factors are interconnected to either positively or negatively impact access to maternal healthcare services for women with disabilities. Systemic factors include availability of human resources, training on handling pregnant women with disabilities and availability of sign language interpreters. Infrastructural factors include the design and layout of buildings, adjustable equipment, and assistive devices. Personal factors include attitudes of healthcare workers to pregnant women with disabilities, empowerment amongst women with disabilities, availability of a companion and the ability to read and write.
Correlation between Serum Sialic Acid, Serum Lipids, Cardiac Troponin I and Myoglobin among Women on Combined Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Mohammed Idris , Datti Usman , Abdullahi Hadiza , Busari Akeem
Published: August 2023

Background: Women using combined oral contraceptives have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. While the utility of biomarkers such as serum lipids have been well evaluated, serum sialic acid, which has shown some promise as a marker of cardiovascular disease progression has been poorly studied. This study aimed to determine the correlation between sialic acid and lipid profile as risk factors of cardiovascular disease in women on combined oral contraceptives. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 143 women on combined oral contraceptive pill as the study group and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. Serum levels of Total Sialic Acid (TSA), lipids, and some cardiac biomarkers (Myoglobin, Creatine Kinase-MB and Troponin-I) were measured, summarized as mean (±SD) and compared. Correlation between serum level of sialic acid and each of the measured serum lipid component was subsequently determined using correlation analysis. Results: Sialic acid (1.070±0.117 vs 0.837±0.272), Total cholesterol (3.944±0.918 vs 3.106±0.635), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.408±1.085 vs 1.088±0.392), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.049±0.421 vs 0.902±0.542) & Triglycerides (1.620±0.703 vs 1.052±0.514) were all significantly (P<0.05) higher in the combined oral contraceptive group than controls respectively. Sialic acid demonstrated a weak but positive correlation with Myoglobin (r= +0.403), Creatine kinase-MB (r= +0.441) and Troponin-I (r= +0.424). While TGs and sialic acid were shown to have a very weakly positive association (r= +0.089), TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C all had very weakly negative correlations (r= -0.136, -0.146, and -0.006, respectively). Conclusion: Combined oral contraceptives use confers an artherogenic lipid profile imparting a positive cardiovascular disease risk. Although sialic acid is significantly higher among combined oral contraceptive users and shows a positive relationship with cardiac biomarkers, it correlates poorly with serum lipids suggesting its limited utility as a CVD marker.
Evcil Hayvanlarda Tüberkülozis
Authors: ATASEVER Ayhan , YAĞLI Kübra
Published: August 2023

Tüberkülozis tipik olarak Mycobacterium genusuna bağlı bakteriler tarafından oluşturulur. Hem hayvan hem de insan sağlığını etkileyen kronik enfeksiyöz bir hastalıktır. Özellikle akciğer sonrasında diğer organ ve dokularda kazeöz ve kalsifiye karakterli tüberküllerin oluşması ile karakterize zoonozdur. Bu derlemede evcil hayvanlarda tüberkülozis hastalığı hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Analisis Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Investasi TI Menggunakan Metode TOPSIS (Studi Kasus: Investasi Server)
Authors: Setiyono Natasha Christita , Mahardi Khalila Adra Mazalisa , Wicaksono Soetam Rizky
Published: August 2023

Server adalah suatu sistem komputer yang menyediakan jenis layanan tertentu dalam jaringan komputer. Pada sebuah perusahaan terutama perusahaan besar pasti membutuhkan server untuk menyimpan data-data. Dengan adanya kebutuhan server, maka perusahaan perlu melakukan kegiatan investasi untuk masa mendatang. Investasi adalah kegiatan seseorang atau kelompok mendistribusikan uang/sumber daya berharga lainnya pada masa saat ini dan menahan untuk tidak menggunakan uang/sumber daya tersebut hingga waktu yang ditentukan agar memperoleh keuntungan di kemudian hari. Dalam penelitian ini, dipilih beberapa merk server, seperti HPE, Dell, Lenovo, Inspur, dan IBM. Dengan pembahasan mengenai investasi server, akan dilakukan analisis pendukung keputusan. Sebelumnya, dilakukan pemilihan kriteria penilaian dan bobot pada masing-masing merk server. Setelah itu, kriteria dan bobot yang di usulkan akan dihitung dengan menggunakan metode TOPSIS (Technique For Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) untuk keperluan pengambilan keputusan pemilihan server. Hasil penelitian ini, yaitu diperoleh dari perhitungan dan analisis pada masing-masing kandidat dengan menggunakan metode TOPSIS, ditemukan bahwa kandidat server Dell adalah server yang direkomendasikan untuk digunakan sesuai dengan kriteria yang telah dirancang.
Sistem Informasi Inventory Berbasis Web Pada PT. Global Mandiri Gearindo Internasional
Authors: Idriyana  , Maruloh
Published: August 2023

Sistem Inventory adalah seperangkat prosedur yang dapat melacak persediaan serta dapat menentukan tingkat persediaan apa saja yang mesti dipertahankan, kapan persediaan harus diisi ulang, dan seberapa besar pesanan seharusnya. Sistem inventory pada perusahaan masih menggunakan sistem secara manual karena perusahaan belum menyediakan sistem yang terkomputerisasi, oleh karena itu sering terjadinya kesalahan dalam memasukan dan merubahan data. Metode yang digunakan untuk merancangan sistem adalah metode waterfall yang memiliki tahapan diantaranya analisa kebutuhan sistem, desain, perkodingan (kode generation), pengujian, pendukung. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini terciptanya sebuah aplikasi sistem inventory berbasis website yang nantinya dapat digunakan dengan mudah dalam melakukan pencatatan setiap transaksi barang masuk maupun barang keluar hingga pembuatan laporan barang
Aplikasi Sistem Informasi E-Menu Pada Seblak Gaul Septi Menggunakan Metode Least Square
Authors: Setiadi Teguh Setiadi , Navira Mayda Filosova
Published: August 2023

Seblak Gaul Septi berdiri pada tahun 2015, bergerak di bidang usaha makanan yang berlokasi di Desa Banjar, Kecamatan Weleri, Kabupaten Kendal, Jawa Tengah. Dalam menjalankan kegiatan operasionalnya selalu terdapat transaksi pemesanan. Namun di Seblak Gaul Septi, pencatatan transaksi pemesanan menu dan perkiraan penjualan masih menggunakan pencatatan dan perkiraan manual yaitu pencatatan masih di atas kertas dan memakan waktu yang lama, penjualan keesokan harinya juga masih menggunakan kira-kira. Laporan penjualan pemilik dilakukan dengan menggunakan sistem yang sederhana yaitu Microsoft Excel yang mengakibatkan penyimpanan data tidak aman dan kesulitan dalam mencari data sehingga tidak efektif dan memudahkan dalam pembuatan laporan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, penulis merancang dan membuat aplikasi sistem informasi akuntansi e-menu di seblak gaul septi least square. Tujuan dibuatnya sistem ini adalah untuk mempermudah pelaporan transaksi, mempermudah pencarian data penjualan dan lebih aman dalam penyimpanan data, serta menghasilkan laporan prakiraan penjualan yang mudah dilaporkan kepada pemilik.
Soil priming effects and involved microbial community along salt gradients
Authors: Zhang Haoli , Chang Doudou , Zhu Zhifeng , Meng Chunmei , Wang Kaiyong
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Soil salinity mediates microorganisms and soil process, like soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling. Yet, how soil salinity affects SOC mineralization via shaping bacterial communities diversity and composition remains elusive. Therefore, soils were sampled along a salt gradient (salinity at 0.25 %, 0.58 %, 0.75 %, 1.00 % and 2.64 %) and incubated for 90 days to investigate i) SOC mineralization (i.e. soil priming effects induced by cottonseed meal, as substrate) and ii) responsible bacteria community, by using high throughput sequencing and natural abundance 13C isotopes (to partition cottonseed meal derived CO2 and soil derived CO2. We observed negative priming effect during first 28 days of incubation but turned to positive priming effect after day 56. Negative priming at the early stage might be due to the preferential utilization of cottonseed meal. The followed positive priming decreased with the increase of salinity, which might be caused by the decreased alpha diversity of microbial community in soil with high salinity. Specifically, soil pH and EC along salinity gradient were the dominant variables modulating the structure of microbial community and consequently SOC priming (estimated by distance-based multivariate analysis and path analysis). By adopting O2PLS, priming effects were linked with specific microbial taxa, e.g., Proteobacteria (Luteimonas, Hoeflea and Stenotrophomonas) were the core microbial genus that attributed to the substrate induced priming effects. Here, we highlight that the increase of salinity reduced the diversity of microbial community and shifted dominant microorganisms that determined SOC priming effects, which provides a theoretical basis for understanding of SOC dynamics and microbial drivers under salinity gradient.
The additionality problem of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement
Authors: Bach Lennart Thomas
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) is an emerging approach for atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR). The net climatic benefit of OAE depends on how much it can increase carbon sequestration relative to a baseline state without OAE. This so-called ‘additionality’ can be calculated as:Additionality = COAE - ∆Cbaseline So far, feasibility studies on OAE have mainly focussed on enhancing alkalinity in the oceans (COAE) but not primarily how such anthropogenic alkalinity would modify the natural alkalinity cycle (∆Cbaseline). Here, I present incubation experiments where materials considered for OAE (sodium hydroxide, steel slag, olivine) are exposed to beach sand to investigate the influence of anthropogenic alkalinity on natural alkalinity sources and sinks. The experiments show that anthropogenic alkalinity can strongly reduce the generation of natural alkalinity, thereby reducing additionality. This is because the anthropogenic alkalinity increases the calcium carbonate saturation state, which reduces the dissolution of calcium carbonate from sand, a natural alkalinity source. I argue that this ‘additionality problem’ of OAE is potentially widespread and applies to many marine systems where OAE implementation is considered – far beyond the beach scenario investigated in this study. However, the problem can potentially be mitigated by dilute dosing of anthropogenic alkalinity into the ocean environment, especially at hotspots of natural alkalinity cycling such as in marine sediments. Understanding a potential slowdown of the natural alkalinity cycle through the introduction of an anthropogenic alkalinity cycle will be crucial for the assessment of OAE.
Evaluation of WRF-Chem simulated meteorology and aerosols over northern India during the severe pollution episode of 2016
Authors: Agarwal Prerita , Stevenson David S. , Heal Mathew R.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Severe seasonal air pollution events have become frequent over northern India, particularly over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). These episodic hazes, marked by exceedingly high levels of ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter having an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 microns), are hazardous for visibility and public health. It is therefore imperative to examine the capabilities of current state-of-the-art coupled meteorology-chemistry models at predicting air quality over this region. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of WRF-Chem (v4.2.1) simulated seasonal meteorology and aerosol chemistry (PM2.5 and its black carbon (BC) component) using a range of ground-based, satellite and reanalysis products, with a focus on the November 2016 haze episode. Daily and diurnal features in simulated 2 m temperature show best agreement followed by relative humidity with overall low biases. Upper air meteorology comparisons with radiosonde observations show excellent model skill in reproducing the vertical temperature gradient (r > 0.95). Both ground and radiosonde observations confirm systematic overestimations in simulated surface wind speeds (by ~ 0.5 – 0.8 m s−1), driven by high nocturnal biases. Modelled PM2.5 concentrations generally compare well with the ground-based measurements in October–November (post-monsoon) but are strongly overestimated (by a factor of 2) in September (monsoon) due to dust constituent. Delhi experiences some of the highest daily mean PM2.5 concentrations within the study region with largest biases during the extreme pollution episode. Dominant anthropogenic components in the modelled PM2.5 in Delhi during the episode include nitrate (~ 25 %), followed by secondary organic aerosols (~ 20 %), and primary organic matter, and elevated BC concentrations. Modelled spatiotemporal PM2.5 and BC compare well with MERRA-2 products. Spatially, high aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the IGP is accurately represented by the model relative to MODIS satellite (r ≥ 0.8), and ground-based AERONET observations (r ≥ 0.69), except during September. Generally, WRF-Chem correctly represents the meteorology during the afternoon and has a reasonable ability to reproduce wind patterns. This (among other factors like imperfect representation of emissions and land use information) plays a key role in dust overestimations in monsoon and anthropogenic aerosol underestimations in post-monsoon owing to enhanced dilution and mixing in the model. Overall, we find the model suitable to understand the aerosol feedbacks on meteorology during extreme pollution events with an improved diurnal characterisation of boundary layer processes and emissions estimates.
Tipping Point Detection and Early-Warnings in climate, ecological, and human systems
Authors: Dakos Vasilis , Boulton Chris A. , Buxton Josh E. , Abrams Jesse F. , Armstrong McKay David I. , Bathiany Sebastian , Blaschke Lana , Boers Niklas , Dylewsky Daniel , López-Martínez Carlos , Parry Isobel , Ritchie Paul , van der Bolt Bregje , van der Laan Larissa , Weinans Els , Kéfi Sonia
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Tipping points characterize the situation when a system experiences abrupt, rapid and sometimes irreversible changes. Given that such changes are in most cases undesirable, numerous approaches have been proposed to identify if a system is close to a tipping point. Such approaches have been termed early-warning signals and represent a set of methods for identifying statistical changes in the underlying behavior of a system across time or space that would be indicative of an approaching tipping point. Although the idea of early-warnings for a class of tipping points is not new, in the last two decades, the topic generated an enormous amount of interest, mainly theoretical. At the same time, the unprecedented amount of data originating from remote sensing systems, field measurements, surveys and simulated data, coupled with innovative models and cutting-edge computing, has made possible the development of a multitude of tools and approaches for detecting tipping points in a variety of scientific fields. Yet, we miss a complete picture of where, how, and which early-warnings have been used so far in real-world case studies. Here we review the literature of the last 20 years to show how the use of these indicators has spread from ecology and climate to many other disciplines. We document what metrics have been used, their success as well as the field, system and tipping point involved. We find that, despite acknowledged limitations and challenges, in the majority of the case-studies we reviewed the performance of most early-warnings was positive in detecting tipping points. Overall, the generality of the approaches employed – the fact that most early-warnings can in theory be observed on any dynamical system – explains the continuous multitude and diversification in their application across scientific domains.
Hochleitnerite, [K(H2O)]Mn2(Ti2Fe)(PO4)4O2(H2O)10  ⋅  4H2O, a new paulkerrite-group mineral, from the Hagendorf-Süd pegmatite, Oberpfalz, Bavaria, Germany
Authors: Grey Ian E. , Keck Erich , Kampf Anthony R. , MacRae Colin M. , Gable Robert W. , Mumme William G. , Wilson Nicholas C. , Glenn Alexander M. , Davidson Cameron
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Hochleitnerite,
[K(H2O)]Mn2(Ti2Fe)(PO4)4O2(H2O)10 ⋅ 4H2O, is a new paulkerrite-group mineral from the Hagendorf-Süd
pegmatite, Oberpfalz, Bavaria, Germany. It was found in specimens of altered
zwieselite, in association with fluorapatite, rockbridgeite, columbite and
sub-micrometre rods of uranophane. Hochleitnerite occurs as isolated and
intergrown pale-yellow, diamond-shaped tablets with thicknesses reaching 50 µm and lengths of 120 µm. The crystals are flattened on
{010}, slightly elongated on [001], and bounded
by the {111} and {010} forms. The calculated density is
2.40 g cm−3. Optically, hochleitnerite crystals are biaxial
(+), with α= 1.615(2), β= 1.621(2) and γ= 1.645(2) (measured in white light). The calculated 2V is 53.8∘.
The empirical formula is
[K(H2O)](Mn1.512+Fe0.492+)Σ2.00(Ti1.624+Fe0.193+Al0.15)Σ2.96(PO4)4.00[O1.50F0.23(OH)0.27]Σ2.00(H2O)10 ⋅ 4H2O. Hochleitnerite has space
group Pbca and unit-cell parameters a= 10.5513(3) Å, b= 20.6855(17) Å,
c= 12.4575(4) Å, V= 2718.96(15) Å3 and Z= 4. The crystal
structure was refined using single-crystal data to wRobs= 0.082 for
2242 reflections with I > 3σ(I). The crystal structure
contains corner-connected linear trimers of Ti-centred octahedra that share
corners with PO4 tetrahedra to form 10-member rings parallel to (010).
K+ cations and water molecules are located within the rings. Additional
corner sharing of the PO4 tetrahedra with MnO2(H2O)4
octahedra occurs along [010] to complete the 3D framework structure.
Doctoral Student Perceptions of a Project-Based Learning Approach in an Instructional Design Course
Authors: McCall Madelon , Shelton Ryann N. , Crowley Brandy N. , Ritter Kenley
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this single case study was to determine how a project-based learning approach to instructional design supported education doctorate students’ acquisition of new knowledge and practical application of skills in their current and future professions. Participants included 58 students in an online EdD instructional design course. We found that 72% of students credited the design project for scaffolding their learning about instructional design and 80% saw an immediate application of the instructional design project to their current professional roles. Further, 93% of students could foresee the application of new knowledge and skills to future professional opportunities. This study has implications for those who teach EdD courses and are interested in providing a project-based approach to content acquisition and teaching skills students can apply in their professional organizations, both current and future.
Perancangan Dan Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Reservasi Hotel Batavia Berbasis Website
Authors: Noni Muminat  , Lionie
Published: August 2023

Teknologi informasi adalah faktor pendorong yang penting salah satu kemajuan komersial pada industri layanan perhotelan. Implementasi teknologi Informasi tentang akomodasi memberikan dampak positif bagi bisnis. Melalui penggunaan teknologi Informasi dapat membawa kenyamanan untuk industri perhotelan, dan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan, efisiensi serta biaya operasional.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang, membangun, dan menguji sistem informasi reservasi hotel Batavia berbasis website. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan untuk metode pengembangan system nya menggunakan model SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle).Dengan adanya sistem reservasi ini maka dapat mempromosikan bisnis hotel berbasis web yang layak untuk pembangunan sistem informasi kemudian menyebarluaskan informasi atau iklan hotel dan memfasilitasi konsumen pesan secara online.
A, of Analisys of Area Function Using a Geographic Information System in the Utilization of the City of Sorong, West Papua
Authors: Irnawati Irnawati , Soekamto Mira Herawati , Ohorella Syarif
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the physical condition of land use in fact according to the physical condition and condition of the area from the scoring of the rainfall map, slope and soil type overlaid with the 2004 land use map and regional spatial planning. This research uses descriptive qualitative data collected into the form of tables and maps in order to obtain an overview of the suitability of the function of the area with the characteristics of the area. Based on the results of the scoring analysis of the map (slope, rainfall and soil type) there are three function zoning areas namely protected area area of ​​80.36 km², forestry cultivation area area of ​​158.57 km² and non forestry cultivation area area of ​​105.56 km². While the results of the analysis of the interpretation of the iconos path/row 107-61 image map obtained 12 land use patterns in the Sorong City area in the form of primary dryland forest, secondary dryland forest, airport, primary mangrove forest, primary swamp forest, gardens, sand, settlements, dry land farming, grass/shrubs, ponds and vacant land. In accordance with the physical conditions and land use, there are three zoning functions of the area for the direction of the Sorong City spatial plan, namely a protected area of ​​165.17 km² (47.95%), a forestry cultivation area of ​​108.47 km² (31.49%) and a cultivation area non-forestry 70.84 km² (20.56%) of the total area of ​​Sorong City 344.49 km².
The Impact of Climate Change on the Productivity of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) in Kamal Village, West Kairatu District
Authors: E. Ririhena Rhony , Y. Wattimena Anna , F.S. Tuanaya Amina
Published: August 2023

The research conducted in the village of Kamal, West Kairatu District, aims to prove that climate change has occurred and the relationship between climate and nutmeg productivity. The plant survey research used a random sampling method, the strata were determined based on the number of productive nutmeg plants, 30 samples of nutmeg plants were taken from 15 farmers. The analysis carried out was an analysis of rainfall under extreme conditions using rainfall data for the last 30 years (1992-2021 period) as well as an analysis of the relationship between rainfall and nutmeg productivity using regression analysis which tested using the Program Minitab 21. The results of the study showed that there was a deviation from extreme rainfall in Kamal village, namely the very extreme EL Nino event which caused rainfall in Kamal village to be 992 mm from normal conditions. a very extreme La Nina event caused rainfall in Kamal Village to increase by 1197 mm. The impact of climate change on the productivity of nutmeg in Kamal village is very closely related, namely the higher the rainfall, the higher the productivity of nutmeg, as indicated by the accuracy value of R2 = 82.1%.
Analisis Penetapan Harga Sewa Pada Unit Rumah Susun (Studi Kasus: Rusun Tingkat Tinggi Pasar Rumput, Jakarta Selatan)
Authors: Yanuar Riska Sofi , Junita K Dewi , Arifin Samsyul
Published: August 2023

Rumah Susun atau disingkat rusun sering disebut juga sebagai apartemen versi sederhana. Rusun Tingkat Tinggi Pasar Rumput adalah rumah susun yang di bangun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumah bagi masyarakat berpenghasilan menengah kebawah dan berpenghasilan rendah yang pembangunannya mendapatkan kemudahan dan bantuan pemerintah. Dalam penelitian ini untuk menentukan harga sewa rusun yang di butuhkan adalah mengetahui total biaya pembangunan. Pengumpulan data yang di lakukan untuk mendapatkan harga sewa adalah menghitung volume pekerjaan dan membuat rencana anggaran biaya serta menghitung biaya pembangunan lain-lain. Hasil analisa yaitu jumlah biaya total untuk pembangunan Rusun Tingkat Tinggi Pasar Rumput ini adalah Rp. 668,648,547,822.72,-. Harga unit sewa rumah susun yang sesuai dengan analisa biaya yang tersedia yaitu Rp 877,657.389. Untuk menentukan kenaikan harga setiap tahunnya, bergantung pada tingkat kapitalisasi setiap tahunnya. Kenaikan harga sewa rumah susun untuk tahun 2020, 2021, dan 2022 untuk tingkat kapitalisasi 7% yaitu Rp 1.000.529,42 , Rp 1.061.965,44 , dan Rp 1.123.401,46. Tingkat kapitalisasi 12% yaitu Rp 1.088.295,16 , Rp 1.193.614,05, dan Rp 1.298.982,94.
Analisis Daya Dukung dan Penurunan Pondasi Tiang Bor Pada Struktur Kepala Jembatan
Authors: Januar Galang Rasyid , Agung Putera Agung Maha
Published: August 2023

Pondasi merupakan bagian penting pada bangunan khususnya pada jembatan yang berfungsi menahan beban baik berat sendiri atau beban yang bekerja di atasnya. Daya dukung tanah merupakan pendukung utama suatu pondasi sebagai komponen yang meneruskan beban yang bekerja ke tanah. Berdasakan hasil Analisis Daya Dukung Tiang Bor Kepala Jembatan proyek Jalan tol X yang di rencanakan penulis dengan konfigurasi 15 tiang diameter 100 cm pada kedalaman 20 m di dapatkan Daya Dukung Askial sebesar 207,703 untuk tiang tunggal dan 2429,674 ton untuk kelompok berdasarkan metode Resse dan Wright.  Sedangkan untuk daya dukung Lateral di dapat sebesar 249,206 ton kondisi jepit tunggal dan 2915,159 ton untuk tiang kelompok menggunakan metode Broms. Penurunan yang terjadi sebesar 1,805 cm untuk tiang tunggal dan 2,199 cm untuk tiang kelompok, serta berdasarkan perhitungan sabilitas Konfigurasi di katakan Stabil untuk menahan beban yang bekerja.
Improving Student’s Writing Skill through Mind Mapping
Authors: Berminati Desi , Subari Imam , Wiratno Purna
Published: August 2023

This research was aimed to improve students’ writing skill through mind mapping at the seventh grade of MTs Negeri 2 Bandar Lampung. The subject of this research consisted of thirty which consisted of 11 males and 19 females. This research was conducted by using classroom action research. Kemmis and Taggart stated about the model of action research it consisted of two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four steps; planning, action, observing, and reflecting. The writer did pre-cycle before going to cycle 1, the pre-cycle was conducted to know the students’ writing skill and the student difficulties in writing. In this research, the writer collaborated with the English teacher at the seventh (VII A) grade of MTs Negeri 2 Bandar Lampung to carry out the data of the students. At this research the writer was focused to improve the students’ learning activities and the students’ writing skill.

The students’ improvement in learning activities it could be seen from the average score of students’ learning activities of cycle 1 were 7.16 with the criteria quite active, while in the second cycle that 7.87 was active. So, during the cycle 1 and the cycle 2 there were improvement of students’ learning activity, which got 0.71 point. Meanwhile in the students’ writing ability, the improvement could be seen from the average score of pre-cycle was 64.03 there were 17 students that passed the Minimum Mastery Criterion. Then the average score of first cycle was 69.03, there were 20 students or 66.66% who passed the Minimum Mastery Criterion and the average score of second cycle was 78.36 there were 25 students who passed the Minimum Mastery Criterion or 83.33%. Based on the result of analyzing the data it could be concluded that the Classroom Action Research through mind mapping can improve students’ learning activities and the students’ writing ability.
Writing to learn history: intertextuality in secondary school and university students in Chile
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Henríquez Rodrigo , Luque Daniela ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Garrido Mabelin ,   Universidad Alberto Hurtado
Published: August 2023

The objective of this article is to identify and compare some features of intertextuality in texts written by secondary school and university students in Chile. Employing the perspective afforded by historical literacy, academic discourse analysis, and expert-novice studies, we analyzed 17 written texts based on questions and historical evidence. The two groups were found to differ in terms of evidence usage and writing quality. Intertextual resources are much more commonly used in university-level expert writing than in secondary education. However, surprisingly, they also appeared in a significant part of the texts produced by secondary school students through elements such as paraphrasis, direct and indirect discourse, and integral and non-integral citations. These findings provide a comparative and situated perspective of historical writing across two educational levels, posing some challenges to literate practices in Historical Education and their modeling for learning.
Internalizing and externalizing behaviors in school-aged children are related to state anxiety during magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Eijlers Robin , Blok Elisabet , White Tonya , Utens Elisabeth M.W.J. , Tiemeier Henning , Staals Lonneke M. , Berghmans Johan M. , Wijnen Rene M.H. , Hillegers Manon H.J. , Legerstee Jeroen S. , Dierckx Bram
Published: August 2023

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures often evoke anxiety in children. Further, anxious children may be less likely to participate in MRI research, leading to a possible selection bias, and may be more likely to move during image acquisition, resulting in lower image quality and possible information bias. Therefore, state anxiety is problematic for functional and structural MRI studies. Children with behavioral problems, such as internalizing and externalizing behaviors, may be more likely to experience state anxiety prior to and during MRI scanning. Therefore, our first aim was to investigate the relationship between internalizing/externalizing behavior and children’s MRI-related state anxiety. Our second aim was to investigate the relationship between internalizing and externalizing behaviors and MRI research participation. Our final aim was to investigate the effect of internalizing and externalizing behaviors as well as MRI-related anxiety on image quality in children. We included 1,241 six- to ten-year-old children who underwent a mock MRI. Afterward, if not too anxious, these children were scanned using a 3-Tesla GE Discovery MRI system (n = 1,070). Internalizing and externalizing behaviors were assessed with the child behavior checklist. State anxiety was assessed with a visual analog scale. Internalizing behaviors were positively associated with child state anxiety, as reported by the child, parent, and researcher. For state anxiety reported by the parent and researcher, this relationship was independent of externalizing behaviors. Externalizing behaviors were related to state anxiety as reported by the child, parent, and researcher, but this difference was not independent of internalizing behaviors, pointing toward a relationship via the shared variance with internalizing behaviors. Further, children with more internalizing and externalizing behaviors were less likely to participate in the actual MRI-scanning procedure. Lastly, MRI-related state anxiety, reported by the child and the researcher, was associated with worse image quality. These results underscore the potential for biases and methodological issues related to MRI-related state anxiety in children.
Meningkatkan Literasi dan Numerasi serta Adaptasi Teknologi di SDN 14 Talang Muandau melalui program Kampus mengajar
Authors: Enzelina Putri , Pangaribuan Firman , Tampubolon Sahlan , Rahmatullah Muhammad Imam , Samosir Artha
Published: August 2023

Literasi dan numerasi merupakan pengetahuan dasar yang harus dimiliki oleh siswa,khususnya dibangku sekolah dasar.Dimana hal tersebut sangat berguna sebagai bekal siswa dalam memahami sebuah informasi, mengolah serta mengaplikasikan konsep bilangan serta keterampilan operasi hitung didalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Karena literasi dan numerasi sangat penting maka dari itu, pemerintah melakukan banyak observasi lapangan dan menemukan rendahnya pengetahuan literasi dan numerasi siswa di Indonesia saat ini khususnya daerah 3T,maka dari itu pemerintah melalui Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan yaitu  Mentri Nadiem Anwar Makarim membuat sebuah program merdeka belajar yang dimana kampus mengajar merupakan salah satunya.Tujuan diadakannya kampus mengajar adalah untuk menghadirkan mahasiswa sebagai bagian dari penguatan pembelajaran literasi dan numerasi serta membantu pembelajaran disekolah khususnya SD didaerah 3T.Adapun kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan peneliti dalam program ini meliputi : kegiatan literasi dan numerasi,adaptasi teknologi, dan administrasi sekolah.Maka dari itu,tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana perkembangan serta melihat kemampuan literasi dan numerasi siswa kelas IV di SDN 14 Talang Muandau yang ternyata masih banyak terdapat hambatan dalam proses pembelajaran literasi dan numerasi. Metode yang digunakan deskriftif kualitatif dengan peneliti bertindak sebagai observar.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kelas IV sangat tertarik dengan pembelajaran bermain sambil belajar dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran serta metode pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara  berkelompok  lebih efektif  sehingga kemampuan literasi dan numerasi siswa  meningkatan.

Kata kunci:; Literasi dan Numerasi: Kampus mengajar : Meningkatkan
AUGMENTED REALITY BASED IMAGE TRACKING FOR INTRODUCE PUPPET SHADOW TRADITIONAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
Authors: Subarkah Krisna , Azrino Gustalika Muhamad , Ananda Raharja Pradana
Published: August 2023

With the development of science and technology, traditional musical instruments are starting to be abandoned, one of the factors is the ease of playing modern musical instruments, and traditional musical instruments are also rarely found in everyday life. With the progress of today's era, AR (Augmented Reality) technology was born. The way Augmented Reality works is by scanning a sign or marker. This research aims to build an application with augmented reality technology to introduce traditional shadow puppets musical instruments. This research was designed using the MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle) method. They were testing the application using blackbox testing on two smartphones with different specifications, with the result that both smartphones could run the application properly. Then for testing the use of the application using the heuristic evaluation method carried out by an expert with the highest severity rating value on the visibility of system status with a value of 0.625. The result of this research is the application of traditional shadow puppets musical instruments based on augmented reality, which is expected to be used to introduce traditional shadow puppets musical instruments.
MAKHRAJ ‘AIN PRONUNCIATION ERROR DETECTION USING MEL FREQUENCY CEPSTRAL COEFFICIENT AND MODIFIED VGG-16
Authors: Haq Ibnu Kasyful , Prasetiadi Agi
Published: August 2023

Based on research conducted by the Institute of Qur'anic Sciences (IIQ) as many as 65% of Muslims in Indonesia are illiterate in the Qur'an. In previous studies, research was conducted on the detection of Arabic word pronunciation errors against non-natives using the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods with a test result of 54.6%. Due to the low accuracy results in previous studies, this study aims to design and build a system that can correct the accuracy of the pronunciation of makhraj letter ‘ain with the method used is a combination of MFCC and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a vgg-16 structure that has been modified. The dataset used is 1,600 voice recordings divided into two categories of the correct pronunciation of the letter ‘ain and incorrect pronunciation of the letter ‘ain and four variations of pronunciation with different vowels with a total data of 800 records in each category. This study conducted several experiments on variations of the CNN kernel. The results of the training model that produced the best accuracy in all variations were the training model on kernels 16, 32, 64 with a final accuracy rate of 100% for all variations with 96% accuracy validation. In the fathah variation, the validation accuracy is 94%. In the variation of dhommah and the variation of kasrah obtained a validation accuracy of 97%. Therefore, this study succeeded in distinguishing the sound of the pronunciation of the letter ‘ain with different vowels and measuring the accuracy of the pronunciation of the letter ‘ain. Implementing the modified vgg-16 produces high accuracy and validation values for each speech variation during the model train process.