bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFICIENCY OF PREVENTIVE AEROSOL DISINFECTION OF PREMISES WITH NEUTRAL ANOLYTE
Authors:   Vitebsk State Order of Friendship of Peoples Medical University, N. I. Miklis , I. I. Burak ,   Vitebsk State Order of Friendship of Peoples Medical University
Published: September 2022

The effectiveness of prophylactic aerosol disinfection with neutral anolyte studied in the infectious zones of the laboratory premises, which works with opportunistic microorganisms and pathogenic biological agents. Electrochemically activated chlorine­containing disinfectant “Anolyte neutral” with pH 7.2, redox potential + 880 mV and active chlorine content 200 mg/dm3 is highly effective when wiping surfaces in rooms with high microbial contamination and in aerosol volumetric and directed air disinfection. Minimal damage is caused to the processed objects. Aerosol volumetric disinfection of air with a «dry» fog using a cold fog generator leads to a significant decrease in microorganisms in the air by 91.1–94.7 % and is not inferior to ultraviolet radiation in terms of disinfection efficiency (90.7–91.1 %). During aerosol volumetric air treatment, harmful effects on personnel are prevented, objects in the room are not damaged, and bactericidal ultraviolet lamps are not needed. Aerosol directed disinfection of surfaces with a “moistened” fog using a cold fog generator completely destroys microorganisms on smooth accessible surfaces and is not inferior to wiping in terms of disinfection efficiency. Aerosol directed disinfection of hard­to­get rough surfaces with a “moist” fog leads to a decrease in bacterial contamination by 97.9–98.9 % and even exceeds the efficiency of wiping (95.8–96.1 %). With aerosol directed treatment, hard­to­get surfaces are effectively disinfected, disinfectant consumption is reduced, labor costs for cleaning and additional equipment are reduced by 3–4 times, there is no need to use ladders for processing of lamps, ceilings, ventilation grilles and moving equipment for processing hard­to­get places. For daily and general cleaning in healthcare organizations, aerosol volumetric air treatment and aerosol directed surface treatment with neutral anolyte can be recommended.
FEATURES OF ADIPOCYTOKINE STATUS AND LIPID SPECTRUM OF LARGE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE NEWBORNS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, V. A. Prylutskay , A. V. Sukalo ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the study was to analyze the characteristics of the adipocytokine status and lipid spectrum in large for gestational age (LGA) in the dynamics of the neonatal period, to assess the influence of the metabolic status of mothers on the analyzed indicators of their infants. 348 full­term newborns were examined. 3 groups of LGA were distinguished, taking into account the presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the mother (Gr1), overweight or obesity (Gr3) or the absence of disorders of carbohydrate and fat metabolism (Gr2). Group 4 (Gr4) – normal weight from mothers without changes in carbohydrate­lipid metabolism. The content of adipocytokines, lipids, glucose and vitamin D was studied in the “mother­child” dyads, blood serum of children in the dynamics of the neonatal period. An adipocytokine imbalance and hyperlipidemia were revealed in mothers of the examined groups of LGA, more pronounced with overweight and obesity. The TG/HDL ratio was significantly higher in Gr3. The influence of metabolic disorders in women on indicators of physical development, parameters of hormonal status and lipid profiles of children was established. Leptin levels at birth were significantly higher in LGA of all three groups compared to normal­weight children (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p < 0.001). In the dynamics of the early neonatal period, a statistically significant decrease in leptin was observed against the background of an increase in total serum cholesterol. Maternal HDL, leptin, and cord blood IGF­1 levels were associated with neonatal size. The identified perinatal hormonal and metabolic patterns have a pronounced effect not only on the condition and anthropometric status of LGA newborns, but also program the pace of physical development in the neonatal period.
MARKERS OF IMPLANTATION SUSCEPTIBILITY IN ENDOMETRIAL HYPOPLASIA
Authors:   Republican Scientific and Practical Center ", N. V. Tsareva ,   Mother and Child"
Published: September 2022

To date, markers of endometrial implantation susceptibility in patients with endometrial hypoplasia have not been sufficiently studied. 59 patients with endometrial hypoplasia were examined, in whom treatment in accordance with clinical protocols (hormonal and/or in vitro fertilization) did not yield results (the main group), 16 women with endometrial hypoplasia who became pregnant after standard therapy (comparison group), and 23 somatically healthy fertile women (control group). There were no age differences in the groups. The analysis of clinical and anamnestic data was carried out, three­dimensional ultrasound and immunohistochemical studies of the endometrium were performed. It is shown that the main markers of implantation susceptibility in endometrial hypoplasia are the presence of unsuccessful attempts of in vitro fertilization in the anamnesis, the uniformity and presence of a three­layer structure of the endometrium, the volume of the endometrium and the cellular density of the endometrial stroma. Immunohistochemical markers of implantation susceptibility in endometrial hypoplasia are the expression of receptors for estrogens α in the endometrial stroma, integrin αvß3 – in the glandular layer of the endometrium, and the gene NOHA10 and the surface marker EMSC SUSD2 – both in the glandular tissue and in the endometrial stroma.
SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE ORDINAL SCALE OF DIFFICULTY OF SUBJECTS FOR STUDENTS 5-9 GRADES
Authors:   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, E. O. Guzik
Published: September 2022

The most important factor in the prevention of overwork among students is the rational distribution of the study load during the school day and week. It depends on compliance with hygiene requirements when designing a lesson schedule. The ordinal scale of the difficulty of educational subjects which is currently in use in our republic was proposed in the 70s of the last century by I. G. Sivkov. The ordinal scale does not take into account the specifics of modern education and is not differentiated for grades 5 to 9. The method of expert assessments was used to develop a modern ranking scale for the difficulty of subjects. We designed a questionnaire containing questions about the difficulty and tediousness of teaching academic subjects. We interviewed a random sample of students (1191 students of grades 5–9 in schools and gymnasiums of the republic) in accordance with the quentionnaire. We have established that indicators of difficulty and fatigue significantly differ from the ordinal scale that is currently in use, and they vary depending on the year of study. The results obtained were used to develop a modern ordinal scale for the difficulty of academic subjects that takes into account the specifics of national education system and the year of study. The revealed statistically significant differences in the difficulty and fatigue of school subjects for students of schools and gymnasiums determined the need to develop an algorithm for developing ordinal scales for the difficulty of school subjects, taking into account the characteristics of training in an educational institution. It will help to maintain working capacity at an optimal level, prevent overwork and facilitate growth and development of students.
ROLE OF ENDOCRINE DISORDERS IN THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, E. N. Kirillova
Published: September 2022

The article deals with modern ideas about the regulation of the reproductive system and its interaction with the endocrine system in the female body. The article assesses the relationship of reproductive health of a woman with its endocrine status, considers the role of endocrine factors in the formation of anovulatory infertility. According to modern scientific studies, the frequency of infertility reaches 25 %, and a significant part of its structure belongs to anovulatory infertility associated with endocrine disorders. This requires any obstetrician­gynaecologist to be able to assess hormonal disorders in order to identify the primary problem and, having received information, to refer the patient to the appropriate specialists if necessary. The article specifies the most common approaches to the diagnosis of endocrine disorders in clinical practice and the influence of the formation of reproductive disorders. The conclusion discusses problematic issues that require further scientific study.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 INFECTION AND GENERAL SOMATIC DISEASES TO TELOGEN HAIR LOSS
Authors:   Medical company of military unit 05733, E. I. Kremeneckij , I. G. Barcevich ,   Grodno State Medical University, V. T. Sarelo ,   Medical company of military unit 05733
Published: September 2022

of performing urgent military service who were treated for general somatic diseases (n = 151), coronovirus infection (n = 50) caused by COVID­19, and healthy individuals (n = 50). The relationship of general somatic diseases and coronovirus infection COVID­19 with telogen hair loss in the study population was studied. The relationship between temperature and body mass index and telogen hair loss has been established. Analysis of the data obtained showed that even with a mild course of the underlying disease, an accelerated transition from the anagen phase of hair growth to the telogen phase can be observed in 12 %, and in the group with COVID­19 infection, such a transition was observed in 94.0 % of patients.
LARGE-WEIGHT NEWBORNS: FEATURES OF EARLY NEONATAL ADAPTATION
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, I. А. Loginova , V. A. Shostak ,   5th City Clinical Hospital, E. Kordzakhia ,   5th City Clinical Hospital, N. A. Skorovarova ,   5th City Clinical Hospital, M. P. Sterlikova ,   5th City Clinical Hospital
Published: September 2022

According to various authors, obesity programming factors act at the early stages of development: fetus – newborn – young child. High birth weight indicators may be due to a genetic predisposition to obesity in childhood and contribute to an imbalance of energy systems in adults. We conducted a longitudinal observational study, during which we analyzed the absolute numbers and frequency of births of large­weight newborns for 20 years (the period from 2002 to 2021) in Health Care Institution “5th City Clinical Hospital of Minsk”. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the anthropometric characteristics of mothers of large­weight newborns in the pre­ and gravidar period, as well as to study the features of early neonatal adaptation of these children. It was found that the birth rate of large­weight children has no tendency to decrease, as well as to increase. Metabolic syndrome and hypothyroid state of the mother may be predictors of the formation of macrosomia in the fetus. Large­ weight newborns belong to the risk group for the development of hypoglycemia in the early neonatal period. Conflict of interests. The authors declare that there is not conflict of interests.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 AND ELEVATED D-DIMER LEVELS AT THE TIME OF HOSPITALIZATION
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, A. A. Pleshko
Published: September 2022

Elevated levels of D­dimer are not uncommon in patients with SARS­CoV­2 infection, and interpretation of this phenomenon is challenging for clinicians. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is an extremely severe complication and frequent event among patients with COVID­19. Objective: to establish the clinical and laboratory features of the course of PE verified by computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the pulmonary arteries in a group of individuals with confirmed SARS­CoV­2 infection and elevated D­dimer levels at the time of admission. Мaterials and methods. Analysis of medical records of 3664 in patients with confirmed SARS­CoV­2 coronavirus infection, hospitalized at “4th Сity Clinical Hospital named after N. E. Savchenko” of Minsk in the period from 01.01.2021 to 31.12.2021 was performed, the prevalence of patients with PE and COVID­19 was 3.1 % (n = 113). Two groups of patients with confirmed COVID­19 with elevated D­dimer level (>500 ng/ml) at the time of admission were defined: the study group (“PE+”) included COVID­19 patients with verified PE by CTA (n = 15), the comparison group (“PE–”) included those with PE excluded by CTA (n = 22). Results. The findings showed that individuals with COVID­19, elevated D­dimer level and developed PE at the time of admission had a more marked respiratory insufficiency, higher leukocytosis and neutrophil levels; the proportion of patients with increased prothrombin time (PT) was higher in the “PE+” group compared to the “PE–” group. A moderately strong association between outcome (PE) and elevated PT levels (ϕ = 0.43, p < 0.05), elevated leukocyte levels (ϕ = 0.34, p < 0.05), direct correlations between a number of inflammatory and hemostasis indicators were found. Conclusion. The findings indicate the presence of COVID­19­associated coagulopathy in patients with confirmed SARS­CoV­2 infection and elevated D­dimer level at the time of hospitalization. The pathogenetic basis and thrombogenic risk factors in patients with COVID­19 require further clarification.
The influence of tides on the marine carbonate chemistry of a coastal polynya in the south-eastern Weddell Sea
Authors: Droste Elise S. , Hoppema Mario , González-Dávila Melchor , Santana-Casiano Juana Magdalena , Queste Bastien Y. , Dall'Olmo Giorgio , Venables Hugh J. , Rohardt Gerd , Ossebaar Sharyn , Schuller Daniel , Trace-Kleeberg Sunke , Bakker Dorothee C. E.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Tides significantly affect polar coastlines by modulating ice shelf melt and modifying shelf water properties through transport and mixing. However, the effect of tides on the marine carbonate chemistry in such regions, especially around Antarctica, remains largely unexplored. We address this topic with two case studies in a coastal polynya in the south-eastern Weddell Sea, neighbouring the Ekström Ice Shelf. The case studies were conducted in January 2015 (PS89) and January 2019 (PS117), capturing semi-diurnal oscillations in the water column. These are pronounced in both physical and biogeochemical variables for PS89. During rising tide, advection of sea ice meltwater from the north-east created a fresher, warmer, and more deeply mixed water column with lower dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) content. During ebbing tide, water from underneath the ice shelf decreased the polynya's temperature, increased the DIC and TA content, and created a more stratified water column. The variability during the PS117 case study was much smaller, as it had less sea ice meltwater input during rising tide and was better mixed with sub-ice shelf water. The contrasts in the variability between the two case studies could be wind and sea ice driven, and they underline the complexity and highly dynamic nature of the system. The variability in the polynya induced by the tides results in an air–sea CO2 flux that can range between a strong sink (−24 mmol m−2 d−1) and a small source (3 mmol m−2 d−1) on a semi-diurnal timescale. If the variability induced by tides is not taken into account, there is a potential risk of overestimating the polynya's CO2 uptake by 67 % or underestimating it by 73 %, compared to the average flux determined over several days. Depending on the timing of limited sampling, the polynya may appear to be a source or a sink of CO2. Given the disproportionate influence of polynyas on heat and carbon exchange in polar oceans, we recommend future studies around the Antarctic and Arctic coastlines to consider the timing of tidal currents in their sampling strategies and analyses. This will help constrain variability in oceanographic measurements and avoid potential biases in our understanding of these highly complex systems.
Alfonso Camín en México y su labor editora en las revistas Rojo y Gualda y Castillos y Leones, 1916-1921
Authors: Gil Lázaro Alicia
Published: September 2022

Este texto aborda la primera etapa en México del periodista y escritor asturiano Alfonso Camín, entre 1917 y 1921. Se analiza en concreto su labor como editor de las revistas Rojo y Gualda y Castillos y Leones en la capital mexicana. La actividad periodística de la comunidad española en México se había reducido durante la fase armada de la revolución mexicana hasta casi desaparecer. A partir de 1915 y durante las dos décadas posteriores la prensa diaria española dio paso a la publicación de semanarios y revistas mensuales de carácter cultural, entre las que se insertan las dos citadas. En torno a ellas creció un grupo de inmigrantes periodistas que habían llegado a México desde los años finales del Porfiriato. Muchos de ellos se hallaban vinculados a las redes intelectuales y a la prensa periódica de México, España y otros países latinoamericanos, sobre todo Cuba. Tanto Camín como el resto de los escritores que editaron estas revistas compartieron las ideas en torno al hispanoamericanismo y las convirtieron en canales de difusión de esta corriente de pensamiento en México, especialmente dentro de la comunidad española, que construyó su discurso identitario a partir de ellas. Rojo y Gualda y Castillos y Leones eran herederas del periodismo español hecho en México durante el Porfiriato, pero al mismo tiempo participaron plenamente de los intercambios intelectuales trasatlánticos de la época.
La muerte del mercader. Una ventana a los negocios de Indias a fines del siglo XVII
Authors: Díaz Blanco José Manuel , Hernández Rodríguez Alfonso J.
Published: September 2022

Este artículo trata de mostrar cómo un hecho accidental como la muerte de un mercader puede ayudarnos a comprender mejor las empresas comerciales em la Monarquía Hispánica del siglo XVII, puesto que nos proporciona una rara información privada que puede conectarse con la documentación notarial y administrativa más usual. Estudiamos el caso de Bernardo Clemente Príncipe, que prueba que, a pesar del innovador pensamiento arbitrista el comercio colonial tendió a mantener sus formas de trabajo tradicionales. Em nuestra opinión, la naturaliza conservadora de las micro-estructuras empresariales fue coherente con la de la macro-estructura general de la Carrera de Indias.
Transferencias culturales y guerra de ideas durante las independencias. Lecturas contrarrevolucionarias de Rafael de Vélez en Nueva España/México (1813-1822)
Authors: Escrig Rosa Josep
Published: September 2022

El artículo reconstruye los procesos de transferencia y de circulación de ideas contrarrevolucionarias durante la etapa de las emancipaciones hispanoamericanas. Atiende a la incidencia que tuvieron en Nueva España/México, entre 1813 y 1822, dos escritos del fraile peninsular y publicista reaccionario Rafael de Vélez: Preservativo contra la irreligión (1812) y Apología del altar y del trono (1818). Aunque con tratos distintos, estas obras fueron reeditadas, leídas con interés y, en su caso, modificadas por los conservadores mexicanos. La vieja teoría de la conspiración revolucionaria sirvió de hilo conductor a los diferentes sentidos que se les dieron. El discurso reaccionario del padre Vélez sirvió primero para cohesionar los lazos con el gobierno español e impugnar las propuestas de los insurgentes y, a partir de 1821, para justificar la independencia y reforzar la posición del emperador Agustín de Iturbide. La manera en que se actualizó dicha interpretación muestra la capacidad del antiliberalismo para adaptarse y renovar las premisas de la tradición.
Tradicionalismo for export: el entramado gauchesco transnacional a partir de la trayectoria de Carlos Daws (1897-1948)
Authors: Emiliano Casas Matías
Published: September 2022

En este artículo se analiza la dinámica del movimiento tradicionalista a escala regional a partir de la actuación de uno de sus referentes: Carlos Daws. Se considera que la exploración de sus actividades, sus vínculos personales, sus adherencias institucionales y, en particular, los entramados generados hacia diversos puntos del extranjero permiten pensar las relaciones internacionales sustentadas en intercambios culturales, tanto aquellos que estaban motivados por voluntades e intereses individuales como los que adquirían un auspicio político y revelaban la diplomacia cultural entre los países americanos. Las intervenciones públicas de Carlos Daws desde la fundación de su círculo criollo “El Fogón” en 1897 hasta su muerte y la posterior adquisición de su museo por el Estado nacional en 1948 nos habilitan a ensayar un análisis de largo aliento sobre la emergencia, la consolidación y la expansión del tradicionalismo desde Buenos Aires. En particular, estudiamos la organización del entramado local que involucraba a escritores, coleccionistas, pintores y aficionados; y las relaciones gestadas con figuras culturales y turistas de otras latitudes, con especial foco en los intercambios hacia los Estados Unidos en el marco del panamericanismo. A través del archivo privado de Daws, que contiene su epistolario y decenas de libros donde se recopilaban noticias, documentación e imágenes afines a nuestro objeto de estudio, junto con la consulta de publicaciones periódicas especializadas y el acervo documental conservado en repositorios de instituciones tradicionalistas, se pretende develar parte de ese entramado internacional que dinamizó las relaciones culturales interamericanas en paralelo a las proyecciones oficiales.
Introducción. Élites de ambos mundos: mediación y lazos de poder entre España y América (1665-1700)
Authors: Bravo Lozano Cristina
Published: September 2022

La historiografía decimonónica, ejemplificada en el político conservador Francisco Cánovas del Castillo, definió el reinado del último Austria madrileño como el epítome de la decadencia de una España imperial . El topos, fundamentado en una comparativa especular con el siglo XVI, haría que Carlos II fuera observado ya no como una mera caricatura política bajo el epíteto de El Hechizado, sino como la síntesis de todos los males que habían llevado a la Monarquía a un declive irremediable bajo los “Austrias menores” que solo podría revertirse con la llegada al trono de Felipe V de Borbón y con la introducción de reformas de corte francés: la Nueva Planta. Sin embargo, desde finales del siglo XX, la revisión histórica de tales planteamientos sobre el crepúsculo del Seiscientos comenzó a demostrar, en particular para ciertos territorios como la Corona de Aragón, la existencia de síntomas de recuperación a nivel económico, social y cultural. Tras los pioneros estudios de Henry Kamen, Luis Ribot, Carmen Sanz Ayán o Juan Antonio Sánchez Belén , son numerosas las líneas de investigación españolas, anglosajonas, italianas y francesas que han aportado su reflexión durante las primeras décadas de la presente centuria hasta convertir el reinado del soberano Habsburgo en uno de los principales focos de atención historiográfica del Modernismo actual.
Technological bases and equipment for spheroidization of ammonium salt powders of perchloric acid by ultrasonic mechanical activation
Authors: Iliyushchenko A. F. , Krivonos O. K. , Petiushik E. E. , Rubanik V. V. , Rubanik (Jr.) V. V. , Labetski V. S. , Krugleshov A. A.
Published: September 2022

The article describes the mechanism for determining the technological modes of operation of equipment for the spheroidization of particles of powders of ammonium salt of perchloric acid by means of ultrasonic mechanical activation. In the introduction, the necessity of using spheroidization processes in the preparation of initial powder components technology in the production of energy-saturated composite materials is determined, and the object of research is also defined – the method of spheroidization of ammonium salt particles of perchloric acid by means of ultrasonic mechanical activation under various conditions. The purpose of the study is to establish the conditions for ultrasonic mechanical activation of the ammonium salt powder of perchloric acid and the modes of its implementation. In the main part, the components of technological equipment for ultrasonic treatment are considered and a diagram of an ultrasonic acoustic system and equipment is proposed, based on the use of an ultrasonic generator UZG 1-1 and a magnetostrictive transducer PMS-1-1. Based on the simulation of the geometry of the booster and the calculation of the waveguide, the designs of the transmitting elements are proposed, which ensure   the implementation of the ultrasonic mechanical activation of the powder process. The set of studies of the ultrasonic mechanical activation of the powder of ammonium salt of perchloric acid “dry”, in liquid and in liquid under excessive hydrostatic pressure for fixed periods of time at given oscillation frequencies and waveguide displacements amplitudes processes has been carried out. The qualitative aspect (taking into account the technological limitations expressed in the requirement to minimize additional technological operations to achieve acceptable parameters of the powder processing final result) of the ultrasonic mechanical activation of the powder of ammonium salt of perchloric acid and the quantitative parameters of its implementation   method have been established.        It is shown that ultrasonic action leads to a powder particles change in shape – they acquire a more rounded shape; it is advisable to carry out the process in an air environment at normal pressure “dry”; The optimal processing time is about 5 minutes at an amplitude of ultrasonic displacements of the waveguide end face of 20–25 μm and an oscillation frequency of 20 kHz. The results obtained can be applied in the technological processes development for the mechanical activation of powders of ammonium salt of perchloric acid, as well as the choice of the necessary technological equipment and in production conditions tooling.
Analysis of methods for hardening the working bodies of agricultural machines
Authors: Filippov A. I. , Kalugin Yu. K. , Leshchik S. D.
Published: September 2022

The article provides an overview of the wear of the working bodies of agricultural machines operating in soil conditions. The factors affecting their wear are considered, as well as the search for methods of strengthening and durability of working bodies working on various soils, including soils clogged with stones. The intensity of destruction of the surface layer of a material depends on many factors that are interconnected: these are specific pressure, the amount and abrasiveness of solid particles participating in the wear process as the main agent   of local destruction of the material and other factors. When processing the soil, the working bodies of tillage machines interact with it and undergo intense wear, that is, the process of destruction and separation of material from the surface of a solid body during friction, which manifests itself in a gradual change in the size and shape of the body, therefore, the search for modern methods of hardening based on innovative technologies is one  of the important tasks of hardening. Among the numerous methods for increasing the wear resistance of working bodies operating under speed conditions in the presence of sources of contamination of the cutting surface, without changing the dimensions, it is possible to use, in addition to volume hardening, magnetic-pulse surface hardening and hardening by a laser beam. One of the common factors for these types of processing is structural changes in the surface layer caused by the influence of fields, heating and cooling of the material. Each of the processing methods has certain advantages and disadvantages. To  consider the issue of increasing the wear resistance    of parts and tools for processing and loosening the soil, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of the most frequently used methods. As modern innovative technologies are created, it is possible to conduct research   on strengthening the working bodies of agricultural machines that work with soil using modern methods.   The development and application of modern hardening technologies for these working bodies will make it possible to evaluate and select the most optimal hardening methods.
Comparative analysis of rheological properties indicators for thermoplastic melts
Authors: Barsukov V. G. , Chikova T. S.
Published: September 2022

The introduction analyzes the state of the issue and substantiates the research relevance. The aim  of the work is to determine and comparatively analyze the values of physically normalized indicators of rheological properties of typical representatives of thermoplastic melts. In the methodological part of the work, to ensure the comparability of the results, the physically normalized form of the Ostwald-de-Waele power empirical rheological equation proposed by McKelvey is used. The calculation scheme is based on the transition  from an approximating power function with rheologically non-deterministic parameters to two dimensionless rheologically determined complexes characterizing the stress-strain state of a nonlinear-viscous medium. The first dimensionless complex is presented in the form as the ratio of the actual shear rate to a unit normalization base value, and the second is in the form as the ratio of shear stresses acting on the deformable medium to the base (reduced) value of these stresses, which are necessary to overcome viscous resistance at a unit normalization shear rate. A technique is described for determining physically normalized indicators of rheological properties using the thermoplastic melts flow curves available in the scientific and technical literature (dependence of shear stresses on shear rate) based on the processing of these graphical dependencies plotted in double logarithmic coordinates. In the main part of the work, the values of physically normalized indicators of rheological parameters (the reduced index of viscous resistance and the indicator of the rheological nonlinearity of the melt) are determined and presented in the form of tables for widely used types of filled and unfilled thermoplastic polymers. A comparative analysis of these indicators has been carried out. Conclusions are given on the work and it is noted that the results of the research can be used in engineering practice, as well as in the educational process when performing rheological calculations of the processes of processing thermoplastic polymeric materials.
Kanatlı Hayvanların Beslenmesinde Hidroponik Yemlerin Kullanılması
Authors: Atan Helin , Boztunç Aslıhan , Kırkpınar Figen , Açıkgöz Zümrüt
Published: September 2022

Dünya nüfusunun kontrolsüz artması, beslenme uzmanlarının sağlıklı ve dengeli besleme konusunda uyarılarda bulunması kanatlı endüstrisine olan talebi her geçen gün artırmaktadır. Günümüzde kanatlı endüstrisinde gıda ile yem üretimi arasında yoğunlaşan rekabetin azaltılması, ürün kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi, çevre dostu ve sürdürülebilir bir üretim yapmak amacıyla yemlerin hidroponik üretimi gündeme gelmiştir. Hidroponik üretim modelinde toprak, pestisit veya gübre olmaksızın su ve besin solüsyonu ile kısa sürede bitkilerin yetiştirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Hidroponik üretim modeli çevre koşullarından bağımsız her mevsim yeşil kaba yem üretimine imkân sağlamaktadır. Hidroponik yöntem ile kanatlı hayvanların gelişimi için gerekli olan ham protein, aminoasit, vitamin B ve E içeriği yüksek, kalsiyum ve fosfor içeren, selüloz ve karoten içeriği nispeten düşük yemlerin üretimi mümkün olmaktadır. Bu modelle arpa, buğday, yulaf, çavdar gibi tahıllar çimlendirilerek, kanatlı beslemede kaba yem kaynağı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kanatlı endüstrisinde hidroponik kaba yem kaynaklarının kullanılmasının üretim performansı, refah düzeyi ve sindirim sistemi mikroflorası üzerine olumlu etkilerde bulunduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu bildiride kanatlı beslemede hidroponik olarak üretilen yemlerin besin madde içerikleri ile üretim performansı ve ilişkili parametreler üzerine etkileri ilgili literatür verileri değerlendirilerek incelenecektir.
Quadrant Analysis of the Flow Field in a 90° Lateral Water Diversion
Authors: Öztürk Büşra , Bombar Gökçen , Cardoso António Heleno , Baltazar Joana Vaz
Published: September 2022

A lateral diversion channel diverts part of the flow from another channel, frequently termed main channel and alters the flow structure and hydraulic conditions in the vicinity of its entrance, impacting on the bed morphology [1] and sediment fluxes. In this study, the turbulence structure in the vicinity of a lateral water intake was investigated by performing the quadrant analysis (see Fig. 1) of a number velocity records collected at different locations of a lateral water intake built at the Hydraulics Laboratory of Instituto Superior Técnico. The length and width of the rectangular main channel were 9.28 m and 0.68 m, respectively, whereas those of the diversion channel were 2.0 m and 0.26 m. The diversion angle was θ = 90°. Both channel beds were composed of a layer of sand characterized by a median diameter, D50, equal to 0.86 mm and a gradation coefficient, σD, equal to 1.35. Two experiments were conducted under live bed flow conditions until the bed morphology reached the equilibrium stage. 3D velocity measurements were made through an ADV device, working at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. Quadrant analysis showed a coherent agreement with the average mean velocity field presented in a previous paper published by the authors [2].
Pürüzlü Mansaba Sahip Homojen Toprak Dolgu Barajın Yıkılma Senaryosunun Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: Büyüker Zehra , Taşkaya Ebru , Bombar Gökçen , Tayfur Gökmen
Published: September 2022

Barajların mansap bölgesinde yer alan mevcut yerleşim birimlerindeki baraj yıkılması sonucu oluşacak olası risklerin elde edilmesi açısından taşkın hareketlerinin saptanması önemli bir konudur. Toprak dolgu barajlarda taşkın hareketinin belirlenebilmesi için sel nedeniyle suyun yayılması ve buna ek olarak sediment taşınımı faktörleri incelenmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında yapılan deneyde, mansap bölgesinde yerleşim bölgesi bulunan bir homojen toprak dolgu barajın yıkılma senaryosunu içeren bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Genişliği 2 m olan dikdörtgen kesitli betonarme kanalda, medyan dane çapı D50=0.441 mm malzemeyle 202 cm taban genişliğinde, 10 cm kret genişliğinde, 60 cm yüksekliğinde, 1:1,6 memba ve mansap eğimlerine sahip baraj gövdesi inşaa edilmiştir. Her bir katı 10 cm olan altı kat sedimentin kademeli olarak serilmesi, her katın 4,5 kg ağırlık ile sıkıştırılması, eğimin verilmesi ve baraj ortasına bir gedik açılması ile baraj gövdesi hazır hale getirilmiştir. Baraj mansabındaki pürüzlülük, 10x10x10 cm’lik 13 adet beton küpün şaşırtmalı şekilde yerleştirilmesiyle oluşturulmuştur. Baraj membasında su seviyesi kret seviyesine kadar kademeli olarak arttırılmış ve açılan gedikten suyun baraj mansabına geçmesi sağlanmıştır. Deneyler yapılırken kanal boyunca 2 adet kamera ile sedimentin yayılımı kayıt altına alınmıştır. Ayrıca kanal ekseninde ULS-40D cihazıyla, kanal sol duvarında ise yerleştirilen cetveller aracılığıyla farklı noktalardaki su derinlikleri ölçülmüştür. Deneyler sonunda ULS-40D cihazıyla yapılan ölçümler ile yayılan sedimentin derinlik profilleri elde edilmiştir.
Derin Öğrenme ve Makine Öğrenimi Algoritmaları Kullanılarak EEG Sinyalleri ile Şizofreni Tespiti
Authors: Söylemez Büşra Çetin , Tuncer Taner
Published: September 2022

Ciddi ve kronik bir hastalık olan şizofrenide hastalar gerçeklikle arasındaki bağlantısını yitirerek farklı davranışlar sergilemeye, gerçek olmayan olaylara inanmaya ve kişiliklerini değiştirmeye eğilim gösterir. Hayat boyu süren bu hastalıkta doğru tedavi ile hastalık kontrol altına alınabilir. Bu sayede hastalar sağlıklı bir birey olarak yaşamını sürdürebilir, sosyal ilişkilerinde ve iş hayatlarında başarılı olabilir. Tedavi süreci, yapılan en küçük bir ihmalde hastalığın yeniden nüksünü tetikleyebileceğinden büyük bir özen ve hassasiyet gerektirir. Bu nedenle hastalığın teşhisi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Şizofreni hastalığının tanı ve teşhis sürecini hızlandırmak için EEG sinyallerinden kişilerin şizofreni olup olmadığının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Makalede, uluslararası 10-20 sistemine uygun bir şekilde 16 kanal üzerinden alınan EEG sinyalleri hibrit derin öğrenme mimarileri ile sınıflandırılmıştır. Her bir kanalın sınıflandırma sonuçlarında en yüksek doğruluk VGG16-SVM modeliyle elde edilmiştir.
Diameter and Pattern Effects of Al2O3 Balls on Ballistic Strength of Metal–Ceramic Composites
Authors: Aktaş Latif Tibet , Çevik Mehmet
Published: September 2022

In composite materials made from metals and ceramics, a metallic substrate material is reinforced with ceramic hardened particles. This combination makes it possible to combine the low weightiness of the metal with the resistance of ceramics. Used metals in those types of composites have greater density than the ceramics, so relatively, metals are heavier than ceramics, but in metal-ceramic composite applications, the metal parts are used in small quantities as in thin slices. These types of composites can combine attractive properties of both a ceramic, such as high temperature resistance and hardness, and those of a metal, such as the ability to undergo plastic deformation. Metal-ceramic armors are used in the fields where the weight factor is not crucial yet important for mobilization. Metal-ceramic composites show their unique values in armor technologies especially in vehicle protection applications. Ceramic balls offer advantages such as being lightweight, lower friction resistance, high temperature resistance, higher rigidity, higher hardness, and higher corrosion resistance than metallic composite core, but these properties belong to the material nature. In ballistic applications like high velocity impact situations, spherical shape, theoretically must influence bullet trajectory. Because of the curved surface of a sphere, chances are a projectile hits any spherical surface obliquely. That means the projectile loses some of its kinetic energy by transferring it into the sphere and changing course into another trajectory axis. Shao et al. showed this trajectory deflection effect vividly [1].
The Effect of Cell Parameters on Poisson’s Ratio of Auxetic Re-Entrant Structure
Authors: Yolcu Dilek Atilla , Karateke Tuğçe , İlgen Fatih , Baba Buket Okutan
Published: September 2022

Auxetic materials with a negative Poisson’s ratio are structures that expand with tensile force and become narrow with compression force, unlike traditional materials. These materials have started to take place among the new designs and to be the subject of research owing to offering extraordinary characteristics like impact resistance, fracture resistance, and shear strength. In addition to these features, auxetic structures that consist of cells with various special geometries, offer options in the design. In this study, the effect of changing ligament length (H) and ligament angle (θ) on Poisson’s ratios in structures with auxetic re-entrant cell types has been studied numerically and experimentally. The effect of the changing parameters on Poisson’s ratios was determined by using ANSYS finite element package program. To obtain the Poisson’s ratio experimentally, the specimens were produced from poly-lactic acid (PLA) material and fabricated with a three-dimensional printer. The tensile tests were carried out to obtain Poisson’s ratios of the produced auxetic-structured specimens. The axial and transverse strains caused by the tensile loading were monitored with the help of the Digimizer image processing program. Experimental results were compared with numerical finite element model results. Good agreement was obtained between the numerical and experimental results. The maximum difference between the measurements was found as 15.32%. Additionally, the largest Poisson’s ratios were obtained in absolute value at 60° ligament angle for 5 mm ligament length and at 70° ligament angle for 10 mm and 15 mm ligament length.
Investigation of the Effect of Thermal Oxidation Process on Coating Efficiency in Ti6Al4V Samples Coated with Hydroxyapatite (HA) by Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) Technique
Authors: Kızılöz Alperen , Kanbur Kürşat , Sargın Fatih , Özten Almila , Türk Ahmet
Published: September 2022

In this study, the effect of thermal oxidation treatment on Ti6Al4V alloy in the HA coating by Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) technique was investigated. For this purpose, the HA powders were produced by chemical precipitation method and characterization studies of produced hydroxyapatite powders were carried out by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and powder size analysis. Then, thermal oxidation process was applied to Ti6Al4V samples at different temperatures. The surface roughness of Ti6Al4V samples were measured in order to determine the thermal oxidation effect on Ti6Al4V surface. Then, HA coating was pruduced on Ti6Al4V at the determined voltage and time by EPD process. HA deposition efficiency on Ti6Al4V was determined according to thermal oxidation process. The obtained results showed that the thermal oxidation process affects the coating efficiency positively.
A Preliminary Experimental Study on the Effect of Reynolds Number on the Lift and Drag of a NACA-4415 Airfoil
Authors: Ümütlü Hatice Cansu Ayaz , Kıral Zeki , Karadeniz Ziya Haktan
Published: September 2022

In this study, the Reynolds number effect on the aerodynamic coefficients is investigated using NACA 4415 airfoil profile section. In the literature, there are quite a few experimental results for the low Reynolds numbers. The aim of the study is to fill this gap. For this purpose, three different Reynolds numbers which are 138e3, 154e3, and 170e3, are investigated during the experiments. The aspect ratio of the used airfoil is 4.76. The measurements of the aerodynamic forces are carried out using an open-jet type wind tunnel coupled with a three-component balance. Throughout the experiments, it is observed that the lift coefficients increase with the increasing Reynolds number.
Kent Ormanlarının Karbon Yakalama Potansiyeli
Authors: Sütçüoğlu Gökçe Gönüllü , Demirkol Ahenk Karcı , Zamani Amanullah , Önaç Ayşe Kalaycı
Published: September 2022

Hızla artan nüfus, sanayileşme, kentleşme sayesinde tüm dünyada artan talepler orman ekosisteminin tahrip edilmesi, çölleşme, kirlilik ve biyolojik çeşitliliğinin azalması, doğal kaynakların tahribatı gibi sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Arazi kullanımlarının değişimi ve sanayileşme sonucunda karbon salınımının artması günümüzde insanlığın en büyük sorunları olan küresel ısınma ve buna bağlı olan iklim değişikliğinin başlıca nedenidir. Dünyadaki en önemli karbon birikim alanları, okyanuslar, atmosfer ve karasal ekosistemdir. Ormanlar, birçok flora ve faunaya ev sahipliği yaparak ekolojik dengeyi korumalarının yanı sıra diğer ekosistemlerden daha fazla karbon tüketmektedirler. Bu nedenden dolayı karbon salınımın azaltılmasında çok önemli bir rol oynamaktadırlar. Ormanlar doğrudan küresel iklim değişikliğinin etkisini azaltarak bölgesel hatta global iklimsel dengenin korunmasında oldukça büyük bir etkiye sahiptirler. Ülkemizde ise özellikle 1950’li yıllarda başlayan köyden kente göç düzensiz yapılaşmaya, zaman içerisinde artan kentleşme ile birlikte kentsel alanlarda ormansızlaşmaya neden olmuştur. Kent ormanları modern kentlerde yaşayan insanlar için birçok farklı ekosistem hizmeti sunmaktadır. İçinde bulunduğumuz iklim krizi açısından bakıldığında kent ormanlarının en önemli ekosistem hizmetlerinden biri karbon yutağı görevi üstlenmeleridir. Bu çalışmada kent ormanlarının karbon yutağı kapasitelerinin ortaya konması amacıyla İzmir ilinde yer alan tüm ormanlarının ve Sasalı ve İnciraltı Kent Ormanlarının karbon tutulumundaki etkileri incelenmiştir.
Talaşlı İmalat Prosesinde Titreşim ve Kalıp Geometrisinin Kesici Takım Ömrüne Etkisinin Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: Yavuzbarut Tayfur , Sandal Emre , Özden Bülent , Yaldız Gökay
Published: September 2022

Talaşlı imalat prosesi günümüzde imalat yapan firmaların üretim metotları arasında en çok kullanılan üretim yöntemidir. Bu geleneksel üretim metodu 18. ve 19. Yüzyıllara dayanmaktadır [1]. Bunun sebebi karmaşık parça üretilebilmesi, dar tolerans aralığında üretim gerçekleştirilebilmesi ve ayrıca iyi yüzey kalitesi elde edilebilmesi olarak söylenebilir. Talaşlı imalatın uzun senelerce kullanılması bu alanda gelişmelere ve araştırmalara ışık tutmuştur [2]. Bu çalışmada ise titreşimin ve kalıp geometrisinin kesici takım ömrüne etkisi deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında çoklu kristal elmas (PCD) takım uçları ile tungsten karbür kobalt (Co %15w) içeren kalıplar kullanılmıştır. Günümüz rekabetçi koşulları üretim yapan tesislerin üretim maliyetlerini sürekli olarak düşürmeye zorlamaktadır. Daha kaliteli ürünün daha az maliyetli şekilde üretilebilmesi, firmaları başarıya ulaştıran en önemli unsurlardan biridir. Bu sebeple seri imalat yapan büyük ölçekli firmalarda üretim için sarf edilen tüm malzemeler dikkatlice takip edilmektedir. Kesici takım uç (KTU) sarfiyatları talaşlı imalat yapan firmalarda en büyük gider kalemlerinden biridir. Birim parça başına maliyet süre ve uç adeti ile hesaplandığından kullanılan her kesici uç ve bunun kullanılamaz hale geldiğindeki değişim süresi üretilen parçaya bir maliyet olarak yansımaktadır. Kesici takım uç ömürleri düşünüldüğünde ise çevresel koşullar, kullanılan yağ türü, titreşim, iş parçası-takım geometrisi ve malzemesi önemli etkenlerdendir.
The Mixing of Ethanol Extract of Terminalia catappa L in Transparent Soap Base to maintaining it's the Organoleptic properties, Solid quality and Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Munira Munira , Miko Ampera , Nasir Muhammad , A. Gani Basri
Published: September 2022

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) caused skin surface infections. The active ingredients in soap dosage forms of Terminalia catappa L extract have antibacterial properties and retain alkaline properties. The study evaluated Terminalia catappa L extract's quality in a transparent soap formulation in inhibiting S. aureus and maintaining soap organoleptic. Terminalia catappa L was extracted by the maceration method also phytochemical screening. An organoleptic assay examined soap's formulation, and an inhibitory of S. aureus was analyzed by disk method. The ethanol extract of Terminalia catappa L contains alkaloids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, quinones, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. The transparent soap formulation with the addition of ethanol extract of Terminalia catappa L has good organoleptic properties according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 3532-2016. Also, there is a change in the color of transparent solid soap based on the concentration, at a concentration of 1% (light brown and transparent), 2% (dark brown and transparent), and 3% (dark brown and transparent). Soap with ethanol extract content of Terminalia catappa L has high inhibition of S. aureus at a concentration of 3% (20.09 mm). While the concentration is 1% (13.33mm), 2% (15.58 mm), and soap base (19.36 mm). The transparent solid soap base added with ethanol extract of Terminalia catappa L has good quality, maintains the organoleptic properties of soap, and can inhibit the development of S. aureus.