bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The synoptic skill of aerosol optical depth and angstrom exponent levels over the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Bodenheimer Shalev , Nirel Ronit , Lensky Itamar M. , Dayan Uri
Published: November 2020

North African desert dust is the dominant aerosol type transported over the Mediterranean Basin (MB), followed by marine, anthropogenic, and biomass‐burning aerosol types. This basin is characterized by intense synoptic scale activity that has a substantial impact on the distribution of aerosols. A climatological research at a spatial resolution of 1° × 1° over the MB for the years 2000–2016 is presented here. We used a circulation to environment approach to examine the linkage between three objective circulation type classifications (CTCs) and two outcomes: aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (AE). This linkage, hereafter referred to as the ‘synoptic skill’, was assessed using tailored autoregressive linear regression and logistic models. We calculated (a) the total synoptic skill, accounting for the contribution of synoptic circulation type and the autoregressive components to AOD variability, and (b) the net synoptic skill, reflecting the contribution of the circulation type only. This novel approach enabled to differentiate between AOD distribution as controlled by the prevailing synoptic conditions to the one affected by climatic diurnal processes. Results for AOD showed maximal total synoptic skill during fall and summer (R2 ∼ 0.3) with highest values over parts of North Africa and the Middle East (R2 > 0.4). The net synoptic skill was highest (R2 ∼ 0.1) during winter and lowest (R2 ∼ 0.05) during summer. Geographic distribution showed low net values over North Africa and the Middle East (R2 < 0.06) and higher values over the Mediterranean Sea (R2 ∼ 0.1). For AE, the synoptic skill had a significant signature over Southern Europe during winter months (c‐statistic > 0.8). No single classification was superior in terms of mean synoptic skill, although for specific seasons and geographical locations one or the other of the three classifications showed higher performance. This study reflects some more evidences on the net contribution of CTCs to the distribution of AOD and AE over the MB.
Fast response in‐plane switching liquid crystal display mode optimized for high‐resolution virtual‐reality head‐mounted display
Authors: Matsushima Toshiharu , Kimura Shunichi , Komura Shinichi
Published: November 2020

We propose to apply short‐range lurch control in‐plane switching (SLC‐IPS) as a fast response liquid crystal display (LCD) mode to virtual reality applications, where fast response times and high resolutions are essential. In this study, we discuss the SLC‐IPS electrode structure optimized for high‐resolution virtual reality applications. To maintain transmittance at high resolutions, we developed a one‐sided branch electrode structure with convex parts. The issue of slow response times can be resolved using the convex part of the electrode structure by analyzing the imaginary boundaries characterizing the SLC‐IPS. Thus, a response time of less than 2.2 ms can be obtained over all tones using a 1001‐ppi high‐resolution SLC‐IPS LCD.
Preparation of zirconium arsenate‐modified monolithic column for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides
Authors: Qin Zhang‐Na , Chen Xi , Yu Qiong‐Wei , Ding Jun , Feng Yu‐Qi
Published: November 2020

Protein phosphorylation is a crucial posttranslational modification for the regulation of many different biological functions. Selective enrichment of phosphopeptides from the complex biological samples is an essential step for the mass spectrometry analysis of protein phosphorylation. In this study, an arsenate functionalized monolithic column was first prepared by a single‐step copolymerization of p‐methacryloylaminophenylarsonic acid and ethylene dimethacrylate. Then the metal ions Zr4+ were attached onto the prepared monolithic column via metal‐chelate complex formation by Zr4+ and arsenate groups. The obtained monolithic column was employed as a new sorbent for the phosphopeptide enrichment via immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Phosphopeptides analysis was realized by polymer monolith microextraction using this monolithic column coupled to both matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The proposed method exhibited a high selectivity for phosphopeptide enrichment in complex matrices, and was applied to the analysis of phosphopeptides in human serum and tryptic digests of rat brain proteins. Four phosphopeptides could be selectively captured from human serum and 2608 endogenous phosphopeptides were identified from the tryptic digests of rat brain proteins, indicating a satisfactory performance of this method for the enrichment of phosphopeptides from complex biological samples.
Examining the impact of rangeland condition on water conservation by using an integrated modelling approach
Authors: Azimi Mojgansadat , Barzali Masoud , Abdolhosseini Mohammad , Lotfi Abdolrahim
Published: November 2020

Rangelands in the arid and semi‐arid regions of Iran are under pressure from frequent degradations and extreme climate conditions, which have affected water conservation and delivery of ecosystem services. The timely and efficient assessment of rangeland state/condition impact on water conservation is crucial in rangeland management. This work represents an integrated modelling approach by linking the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) models. SWAT simulated hydrologic components, while InVEST provided a decision support system for water conservation. The coupled SWAT–InVEST model was used to analyze the impact of different rangeland conditions on water conservation in the Atrak River basin in Iran's arid and semi‐arid climatic zones. Increasing runoff is proportional to rangeland degradation. Our analyses show a severe degradation of rangelands in Iran. We found that the basin's average runoff varies between 2 and 294.8 m3 ha‐1 yr‐1. Based on our modelling results, about 50% of the basin's runoff came from poor rangelands, 22% from moderate rangelands, and 28% from good rangelands. Thus, a significant impact on water conservation could be achieved through rangeland management in this basin. The SWAT–InVEST integrated modelling approach developed here proved useful for better decision‐making under uncertainty.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid Decreases Incidence of Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Biliary Complications After Liver Transplantation: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Pedersen Mark R. , Greenan Garrett , Arora Sumant , Murali Arvind R. , Mayo Marlyn J.
Published: November 2020

After liver transplantation (LT), the role of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is not well characterized. We examine the effect of UDCA after LT in the prophylaxis of biliary complications (BCs) in all‐comers for LT and the prevention of recurrent primary biliary cholangitis (rPBC) in patients transplanted for PBC. Two authors searched PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase from January 1990 through December 2018 to identify all studies that evaluate the effectiveness of UDCA prophylaxis after LT for BCs in all LT recipients and rPBC after LT in patients transplanted for PBC. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for endpoints of the BC study. Pooled recurrence rates were calculated for rPBC. The study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. A total of 15 studies were included, comprising 530 patients in the analysis for BCs and 1727 patients in the analysis for rPBC. UDCA was associated with decreased odds of BCs (OR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52‐0.93; P = 0.01) and biliary stones and sludge (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24‐0.77; P = 0.004). Prophylactic use of UDCA did not affect the odds of biliary stricture. For patients transplanted for PBC, the rate of rPBC was lower with the prophylactic use of UDCA (IR 16.7%; 95% CI, 0.114%‐22.0%; I2 = 36.1%) compared with not using prophylactic UDCA (IR 23.1%; 95% CI, 16.9%‐29.3%; I2 = 86.7%). UDCA after LT reduces the odds of BC and bile stones and sludge in all‐comer LT recipients and reduces or delays the incidence of rPBC in patients transplanted for PBC. UDCA use after LT could be considered in all LT recipients to reduce the odds of BC and may be particularly beneficial for patients transplanted for PBC by reducing the incidence of rPBC.
Electrospinning of Poly(1,4‐Cyclohexanedimethylene Acetylene Dicarboxylate): Study on the Morphology, Wettability, Thermal and Biodegradation Behaviors
Authors: Daglar Ozgun , Altinkok Cagatay , Acik Gokhan , Durmaz Hakan
Published: November 2020

This study is conducted to evaluate the biodegradation and thermal features of poly(1,4‐cyclohexanedimethylene acetylene dicarboxylate) (PCA) based films and fibers. The PCA is characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopies and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The beadless fibers of PCA are achieved by electrospinning from its solution under ambient conditions for the first time. The effects of applied voltage and tip‐to‐collector distance (TCD) on the various properties such as morphology, wettability, thermal, and biodegradability behaviors of fibers are investigated by comparing the non‐electrospun PCA. Morphologies and average frequency distributions of the electrospun samples are elucidated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Wettability properties of the studied samples are determined by water contact angle (WCA) measurements, whereas thermo‐stabilities and glass transition temperatures (Tg) are established by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses (TGA and DSC), respectively. Biodegradation studies indicate that 28% of electrospun PCA achieved at 8 mL h−1 flow rate, 20 cm TCD and 25 kV applied voltage can be enzymatically degraded within 15 days. It is thus estimated that PCA with good electrospun and biodegradation abilities will favorable candidates for bio‐polyester applications.
The interplay between emitter conformality and field‐effect passivation in pyramid structured silicon solar devices
Authors: Razzaq Arsalan , Depauw Valérie , John Joachim , Gordon Ivan , Szlufcik Jozef , Abdulraheem Yaser , Poortmans Jef
Published: November 2020

Light management in crystalline silicon solar cells has conventionally been achieved by random micropyramid texturing but other non‐conventional surface texturing methods, such as diffraction gratings, have also attracted attention with the objective of attaining near‐ideal light trapping. Unlike previous investigations on the subject in which the focus was predominantly to minimize optical losses, we report on surface passivation difference between the micron and nanoscale pyramid textures. From simulations, we find that the conformality of thermally diffused emitters is impacted by downsizing the pyramid texture to the light wavelength scale, which, in turn, affects the field‐effect passivation of the resulting homojunction. The investigation reveals that, for a conformal junction, the field‐effect passivation is diminished due to the formation of weak electrical field zones beneath the pyramid vertices, which is usually the case when homojunction emitters are formed by thermal diffusion on micropyramid textured surfaces. In contrast, thermal diffusion in nanoscale pyramid textured surfaces typically leads to non‐conformal dopant profiles, resulting in flatter junctions and yielding stronger field passivation effect by preventing the formation of these weak electrical field zones. Experimentally, enhanced field‐effect passivation is indirectly observed in terms of improvement in the effective minority‐carrier lifetimes when substituting the standard micropyramid texturing by nanoscale pyramid gratings. At the device level, we demonstrate that the enhancement in the field‐effect passivation increases the open‐circuit voltage with respect to the micropyramid texture under the conditions of comparable chemical passivation and surface‐area increase.
Brigatinib Dose Rationale in Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase–Positive Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer: Exposure–Response Analyses of Pivotal ALTA Study
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Wang Xiaohui , Offman Elliot , Rich Benjamin , Kerstein David , Hanley Michael , Diderichsen Paul M. , Zhang Pingkuan , Venkatakrishnan Karthik
Published: November 2020

Brigatinib is a kinase inhibitor indicated for patients with advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase–positive non‐small cell lung cancer who progressed on or are intolerant to crizotinib. Approval was based on results from a randomized, dose‐ranging phase II study (ALK in Lung Cancer Trial of AP26113 (ALTA)). Despite an apparent dose–response relationship for efficacy in ALTA, an exposure–response relationship was not discernable using static models driven by time‐averaged exposure. However, exposure–response modeling using daily time‐varying area under the concentration curve as the predictor in time‐to‐event models predicted that increasing the dose of brigatinib (range, 30 mg once daily (q.d.) to 240 mg q.d.) would result in clinically meaningful improvements in progression‐free survival (PFS), intracranial PFS, and overall survival. Grade ≥ 2 rash and amylase elevation were predicted to significantly increase with brigatinib exposure. These results provided support for a favorable benefit‐risk profile with the approved dosing regimen (180 mg q.d. with 7‐day lead‐in at 90 mg) versus 90 mg q.d.
Improving CdTe‐Based Thin‐Film Solar Cell Efficiency with the Oxygenated CdSe Layer Prepared by Sputtering Process
Authors: Hu Anhong , Zhou Jie , Qin Xinyuan , Jiang Yuxia , Zhou Peng , Zhong Penggeng , Tang Shunwei , Wu Xuanzhi , Yang Deren
Published: November 2020

Sputtered CdSe window layer can improve the short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of CdTe‐based thin‐film solar cell, however, meanwhile degrade the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF). Herein, an oxygenation process is introduced during CdSe sputtering to improve this window layer's property for better device performance. The influence of oxygen on the CdSe is similar as the effect of oxygen on CdS. Incorporation of oxygen into the CdSe film promotes the formation of CdSeO3 phase. Both Voc and FF of the CdTe solar cells are improved due to the formation of CdSeO3, and high efficiency (Eff.) of 18.6% is achieved. Efficiency improvement at module level is also demonstrated after applying the CdSe:O process in production line. This progress contributes to the CdTe‐based thin‐film module production for further efficiency improvement and cost reduction.
Alisma genus: Phytochemical constituents, biosynthesis, and biological activities
Authors: Feng Lei , Liu Tian‐Tian , Huo Xiao‐Kui , Tian Xiang‐Ge , Wang Chao , Lv Xia , Ning Jing , Zhao Wen‐Yu , Zhang Bao‐Jing , Sun Cheng‐Peng , Ma Xiao‐Chi
Published: November 2020

The genus Alisma contains 11 species distributed worldwide, of which at least two species (A. orientale [Sam.] Juzep. and A. plantago‐aquatica Linn.) have been used as common herbal medicines. Secondary metabolites obtained from the genus Alisma are considered to be the material basis for the various biological functions and medicinal applications. In this review, we mainly focused on the recent investigations of secondary metabolites from plants of the genus Alisma and their biological activities, with the highlighting on the diversity of the chemical structures, the biosynthesis of interesting secondary metabolites, the biological activities, and the relationships between structures and bioactivities.
Event‐triggered control of input‐affine nonlinear interconnected systems using multiplayer game
Authors: Narayanan Vignesh , Modares Hamidreza , Jagannathan Sarangapani
Published: November 2020

In this article, we present a decentralized control scheme for regulating input‐affine nonlinear interconnected systems. In particular, we propose a codesign strategy to synthesize a control policy and an event‐triggering threshold at each subsystem of an interconnected system to simultaneously optimize the subsystem performance and reduce the computational burden on the controllers by enforcing aperiodic dynamic feedback. To this end, we formulate a differential game at every subsystem to design a decentralized control scheme in which we treat the control policy as the minimizing player and model the effect of interconnection inputs and the error introduced due to aperiodic feedback as a team of adversarial players. We then employ the solution to the proposed game for designing both the control policy and the event‐triggering threshold at each subsystem. With the proposed approach, we also derive the conditions that guarantee the input‐to‐state stability of the overall system by leveraging the well‐known small‐gain theorem. Moreover, we show that these conditions, expressed in terms of the attenuation constants and penalty matrices introduced in the formulated game, are obtained as linear inequalities even when the dynamics of the subsystems are nonlinear. Finally, we illustrate the applicability of the proposed scheme to regulate interconnected systems using numerical examples.
Unemployment Benefits: Discursive Convergence, Distant Realities
Authors: Martín-Artiles Antonio , Fortunato Vincenzo , Chávez-Molina Eduardo
Published: November 2020

Unemployment protection systems have certain characteristics in common in Argentina, Uruguay, Spain and Italy: they are compulsory and contributory-proportional, although in Uruguay, it also has a capitalisation supplement. Despite the similarities, they work differently because the context of informal employment chiefly, and unemployment, low salaries and precariousness differ greatly. Consequently, the unemployment protection coverage rate varies. Theories of the Active Welfare State, the Investor State and the reforms of unemployment protection systems have led to a certain modernising language being adopted in these countries: activation, employability, conditionality, lifelong learning, flexibility, which are, among others, words shared with Europe.

However, the meanings of these words differ according to the institutional context of each country. In Latin America the welfare state is low institutionalised even almost non-existent, while in Europe it is a diverse institution. Despite this, the four countries share an upward trend in benefit policies, in accordance with the increase in poverty risk.
Developing a Digital Entrepreneurial Mindset for Data-Driven, Cloud-Enabled, and Platform-Centric Business Activities: Practical Implications and the Impact on Society
Authors: Soltanifar Mariusz , Smailhodžić Edin
Published: November 2020

The term ‘digital’ concerns not only technology but also people. This chapter emphasises the necessity of adopting a digital entrepreneurial mindset when operating in a digitised world. The chapter proposes a definition of a digital entrepreneurial mindset that is rooted in cognitive psychology, organisation theory and entrepreneurship literature. We also focus on the five trends that are shaping the digital future: mobile computing, cloud computing, social media, the Internet of Things and Big Data. The chapter discusses the challenges and opportunities that pervasive digitalisation offers for designing new digital business models and changing interactions with customers. Discussing the success stories of Domino’s Tesco and Tate Art Galleries helps to examine data-driven, cloud-enabled, platform-centric business activities, for which developing a digital entrepreneurial mindset is the first step towards success in the digital age. Collectively, the aforementioned cases suggest that businesses that rely on a digital entrepreneurial mindset enjoy better financial performance. Both managers and employees in these companies have shown the inclination and ability to discover, evaluate and exploit opportunities emerging from digital technologies. This chapter also provides a practical guide for entrepreneurs on the steps they can take to encourage a digital entrepreneurial mindset throughout their entire organisations. Finally, we elaborate on the practical implications of adopting a digital entrepreneurial mindset and its impact on society.
Gestaltungsorientiert forschen lernen mit design thinking – Erläutert am Beispiel des Umgangs mit dem Lernfeldparadoxon der wirtschaftsberuflichen Bildung
Authors: Hantke Harald
Published: November 2020

(Zukünftige) Lehrerinnen und Lehrer der wirtschaftsberuflichen Bildung sind mit dem so zu bezeichnenden Lernfeldparadoxon konfrontiert. So setzt sich der Lernfeldansatz als Curriculum der beruflichen Bildung aus folgenden zwei Perspektiven zusammen, die sich zu widersprechen scheinen: Dem im Lernfeld-Konzept formulierten (Bildungs-)Anspruch an eine nachhaltigkeitsorientierte wirtschaftsberufliche Bildung und dem in den Lernfeld-Vorgaben formulierten (Qualifikations-)Anspruch an eine wirtschaftsberufliche Bildung, die sich an betrieblichen Situationen orientiert. Der Lernfeld-Ansatz stellt (zukünftige) Lehrerinnen und Lehrer somit vor die Herausforderung, sowohl der Perspektive des Lernfeld-Konzepts als auch der Perspektive der Lernfeld-Vorgaben nachzukommen. Mit dieser Herausforderung setzen sich zukünftige Lehrkräfte in ihrem Bachelorstudium „Wirtschaftspädagogik“ an der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg in einem gestaltungsorientierten Lern-Forschungs-Prozess auseinander. In diesem Beitrag werden konzeptionell-theoretische Einblicke in diesen Prozess gegeben, indem design thinking als gestaltungsorientierter Lern-Forschungs-Prozess rekonzeptionalisiert und am Beispiel eines Seminarkonzepts konkretisiert wird.
Interdisziplinäre Problemlösung konkret (IPK): Eine Methode für die sozioökonomische Hochschulbildung
Authors: Mayer Julia K. , Schröder Lisa-Marie
Published: November 2020

Die Bürgerinnen und Bürger werden gegenwärtig mit zahlreichen gesellschaftspolitischen Problemstellungen konfrontiert, die mit einer rein ökonomischen, politischen oder soziologischen Sichtweise nicht zufriedenstellend zu betrachten sind. Der Beitrag stellt auf Basis dessen die Notwendigkeit eines neuen methodischen Settings dar, einer neuen Arbeitsweise, die diese Anforderungen adressiert. Diese Methode, die wir ‚Interdisziplinäre Problemlösung konkret (IPK)‘ nennen, beabsichtigt, Hürden bezüglich der Auseinandersetzung mit sozioökonomischen Themen abzubauen, indem ein inhaltlich wie methodisch ansprechendes, aktivierendes als auch motivierendes Lehr-Lernformat dargeboten wird, das Interdisziplinarität als essenzielles Wissenschaftsprinzip begreift. Ferner soll es Lehrenden wie Lernenden erleichtert werden, die Methode in der Berufspraxis – beispielsweise als angehende Lehrkräfte – einzusetzen, da IPK auf zahlreiche Themen, Fragestellungen wie auch Adressatengruppen angewandt werden kann.
Das Leipziger Erwägungsseminar. Ein didaktisch reflektierender Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Boerger Lara
Published: November 2020

Von 2006 bis 2019 wurde an der Universität Leipzig das sog. Erwägungsseminar angeboten. Das Konzept des Seminares fußt auf der Erwägungsdidaktik der „Forschungsgruppe Erwägungskultur Paderborn“ und wurde Ende der 1980er Jahre entwickelt. Die Grundidee umreißt einen spezifischen erwägungsorientierten Umgang mit Alternativen. Demnach soll das Wissen von Expertinnen und Experten nicht als gesetzt, gesichert, und unumstößlich gelten. Vielmehr geht es darum, Theorien zu hinterfragen, zu vergleichen und einen integrierten und bewahrenden Umgang mit unterschiedlichen Erklärungsansätzen zu praktizieren. Die zentralen Forderungen des Netzwerk Plurale Ökonomik – Selbstkritik, Reflexion und Offenheit in der VWL zu fördern – werden aufgegriffen und stellen meines Erachtens das vorrangige Ziel der Lehrveranstaltung dar.
Plurale Einführung in die VWL? Zu den Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten pluraler Einführungsveranstaltungen
Authors: Thieme Sebastian
Published: November 2020

Mit dem Verweis auf einen umfangreichen Kanon wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Wissens wird seitens etablierter Fachvertreterinnen und -vertreter der (Standard-)Ökonomik häufig argumentiert, dass dieser keinen Raum lasse, um Perspektiven der Pluralen Ökonomik in entsprechende Lehrveranstaltungen zu integrieren. Dagegen lässt sich anführen, dass z. B. Einführungslehrbücher der VWL mehrere 100 Seiten umfassen und der dort präsentierte Inhalt daher bereits aus praktischen Gründen für die Lehre reduziert werden muss. Vor diesem Hintergrund und basierend auf Erfahrungen mit einer Einführungsveranstaltung in die VWL werden im vorliegenden Beitrag Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten diskutiert, die auch in bestehenden Curricula genutzt werden können, um den Lehrveranstaltungen zur Ökonomik eine kritische Perspektive im Sinne der Pluralen Ökonomik zu ermöglichen.
Plurale Lehre in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften an der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Authors: Berner Anne , Dorn Franziska , Ochsner Christian , Silbersdorff Alexander , Wolfinger Lukas
Published: November 2020

In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir auf, welche Entwicklungen in der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Lehre an der Universität Göttingen 2007 zur Gründung einer Hochschulgruppe führten und wie diese die Lehre an der Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultät um eine pluralistische Perspektive ergänzt hat. Im Zuge dessen werden wesentliche Defizite der Lehrsituation aufgezeigt, das Kooperationsverhältnis mit der Fakultät erörtert und die gruppeninternen Prozesse, die der studentisch gestalteten Lehre zugrunde liegen, diskutiert. Wir legen am Beispiel von studentisch organisierten Seminaren und Ringvorlesungen dar, unter welchen Bedingungen pluralistische Lehre einen Beitrag leisten kann, die Mängel in der Lehre zu beseitigen und wie dies auf die Hochschulgruppe und die Fakultät zurückwirkt..
Low-Profit im Kontext der UN-Nachhaltigkeitsziele
Authors: Fahrbach Christian , Weiser Annika
Published: November 2020

An der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg findet jedes Jahr das Leuphana-Semester statt, das alle Studierende im ersten Semester durchlaufen, bevor sie im zweiten Semester ins Fachstudium starten. Die Studierenden sollen in Projektseminaren wissenschaftliche Methoden kennen lernen und einüben, an konkreten gesellschaftlichen Problemen erproben und interdisziplinäre Lösungswege aufzeigen. Im Wintersemester 2018/2019 wurde erstmals ein Projektseminar zum Thema Low-Profit angeboten. Dabei wurde die Lehrmethode Forschendes Lernen angewendet, bei der die Studierenden gefordert waren, das Thema Low-Profit mit den sustainable development goals (SDG) zu verbinden, dazu eine relevante Forschungsfrage zu formulieren und in Gruppenarbeit einen gemeinsamen Projektbericht zu erstellen.
Using Academic Travel to Teach Sustainable Economic Development
Authors: Dasgupta Poulomi
Published: November 2020

Sustainable Development has become dominant in policy debates in the last two decades. Standard models in neoclassical economics as taught in undergraduate classes fail to capture the complex relationships between the economy and the environment. This creates a major gap in students’ understanding of sustainable development. We make the case that innovative teaching technique will allow students to better grasp this complex relationship. We examine the integration of academic travel into the economics curriculum as a tool to expose students to important aspects of sustainable development and allow them to gain a more meaningful insight into the subject.
Addendum to: Light-cone distribution amplitudes of pseudoscalar mesons from lattice QCD
Authors:   on behalf of the RQCD collaboration, Bali Gunnar S. , Braun Vladimir M. , Bürger Simon , Göckeler Meinulf , Gruber Michael , Hutzler Fabian , Korcyl Piotr , Schäfer Andreas , Sternbeck André , Wein Philipp
Published: November 2020

Abstract

We update our lattice determination of the two lowest Gegenbauer moments of the leading-twist pion and kaon light-cone distribution amplitudes [1]
SARS-CoV-2: Remarks on the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Piasecki Egbert
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic developing rapidly in 2020 is triggered by the emergence of a new human virus—SARS-CoV-2. The emergence of a new virus is not an unexpected phenomenon and has been predicted for many years. Since the virus has spread all over the world, it will be very difficult or even impossible to eradicate it. A necessary condition for complete or partial elimination of the virus is to have an effective vaccine. It is possible that SARS-CoV-2 will become milder in the next few years and COVID-19 will then only threaten individuals from risk groups.
Palliativversorgung am Lebensende in Deutschland
Authors:   die SAVOIR-Studiengruppe, Ditscheid Bianka , Krause Markus , Lehmann Thomas , Stichling Kathleen , Jansky Maximiliane , Nauck Friedemann , Wedding Ulrich , Schneider Werner , Marschall Ursula , Meißner Winfried , Freytag Antje
Published: November 2020

Hintergrund

Das Angebot an Palliativversorgung hat in Deutschland stark zugenommen. Weitgehend unbekannt ist, wie viele Menschen am Lebensende welche palliativen Versorgungsformen in Anspruch nehmen und welche regionalen Unterschiede bestehen.

Methode

Retrospektive Kohortenstudie mit GKV-Routinedaten (BARMER) über Versicherte mit Sterbedatum im Jahr 2016: Anhand einer mindestens einmalig abgerechneten Leistung in den letzten 6 Lebensmonaten wurde die Inanspruchnahme allgemeiner ambulanter Palliativversorgung (AAPV), spezialisierter ambulanter Palliativversorgung (SAPV) sowie stationärer Palliativ- und Hospizversorgung ermittelt. Erstmals wurden auch Abrechnungsziffern kassenärztlicher Vereinigungen und selektivvertragliche Sonderziffern für palliativmedizinische Leistungen sowie SAPV-Leistungsabrechnungen herangezogen.

Ergebnisse

Von den 95.962 Verstorbenen der Studienpopulation wurden bundesdurchschnittlich 32,7 % palliativ versorgt, mit Schwankungen zwischen 26,4 % in Bremen und 40,8 % in Bayern. AAPV-Leistungen wurden bei 24,4 % abgerechnet (16,9 % in Brandenburg bis 34,1 % in Bayern). SAPV-Leistungen erhielten 13,1 % (6,3 % in Rheinland-Pfalz bis 18,9 % in Brandenburg bzw. 22,9 % in Westfalen-Lippe mit abweichender SAPV-Praxis). Stationär palliativmedizinisch versorgt wurden 8,1 % (6,7 % in Schleswig-Holstein/Hessen bis 13,0 % in Thüringen), Hospizleistungen wurden für 3,3 % abgerechnet (1,6 % in Bremen bis 5,6 % in Berlin).

Diskussion

SAPV wird häufiger in Anspruch genommen als bisher berichtet, AAPV ist rückläufig. Die jeweilige Inanspruchnahme scheint weniger durch objektiven Bedarf als durch regionalspezifische Rahmenbedingungen begründet. Die Weiterentwicklung der Palliativversorgung sollte zukünftig neben Bedarfskriterien mehr an Outcomes sowie dafür relevanten Rahmenbedingungen orientiert werden.
Fernlehren und Fernlernen von Objektorientierter Programmierung (OOP)
Authors: Ellmann Mathias
Published: November 2020

Dieses Papier beschreibt unsere Lehrerfahrungen in einer virtuellen Lehr- und Lernumgebung für eine Vorlesung über objektorientierte Programmierung (OOP) in Java. Wir verwenden die Live-Meeting-Anwendung Adobe Connect sowie Lern- und Lehrmethoden für OOP-Vorlesungen wie Online-Coding, Online-Debugging, Online-Gruppenräume, Online-White-Boards und Online-Fragebögen, um unsere Lehr- und Lernziele zu messen und zu erreichen. Wir haben festgestellt, dass Online-Coding in Kombination mit Online-Debugging oder einem Codebeispiel das mit einem Kommentar versehen ist, in dieser virtuellen Lehr- und Lernumgebung am effektivsten funktioniert, um den Studierenden ein besseres Verständnis der Programmierkonzepte und -methoden zu vermitteln. Online-Coding und Online-Debugging sollten unmittelbar nach der Vermittlung der OOP-Konzepte und -Methoden durchgeführt werden. Andere Lehrmethoden wie das Unterrichten der OOP-Konzepte ohne ein konkretes Beispiel oder eine Anwendung führen zu Frustration und Unzufriedenheit bei den Studierenden.
Diet and breeding habitat preferences of White-tailed Eagles in a northern inland environment
Authors: Ekblad Camilla , Tikkanen Hannu , Sulkava Seppo , Laaksonen Toni
Published: November 2020

Many apex predator populations are recolonizing old areas and dispersing to new ones, with potential consequences for their prey species and for livestock. An increasing population of the White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) has settled north of the Arctic Circle in northern Finland, mainly at two big water reservoirs but also in areas with mainly terrestrial habitat. We examined nesting habitat preferences and prey use of White-tailed Eagles in this environment, where reindeer husbandry is a traditional livelihood and concerns are rising that the growing White-tailed Eagle population poses a threat to reindeer calves. Lakes, peat bogs, and marshlands were preferred habitats in the nesting territories. Fish constituted 64.3% of the identified prey items, with birds accounting for 28.5% and mammals 7.2%. The nesting territory habitat within a 10 km radius and the latitude influenced the prey composition at both the group and species level. The occurrence of reindeer calves as prey increased with latitude but was not associated with any habitat. Knowledge of the diet and territory preferences can be used to predict future dispersal and local prey use of this species. Nesting White-tailed Eagles do not seem to pose a threat to traditional reindeer herding, but further research is needed regarding non-breeding sub-adults and whether the White-tailed Eagles actually kill reindeer calves or simply exploit their carcasses.
Current state of research on psychotherapy for home-living vulnerable older adults with depression
Authors: Tegeler Christina , Beyer Ann-Kristin , Hoppmann Fee , Ludwig Valentina , Kessler Eva‑Marie
Published: November 2020

Older home-living vulnerable adults often suffer from chronic conditions accompanied by restrictions in mobility, social participation and reduced independence. Among this rapidly growing population depression is a common and serious health problem; however, there are shortcomings in the diagnosis of depression and provision of psychotherapy. Despite growing evidence in treating depression among the group of nursing home residents or the “young-old”, there is a research gap regarding needs-oriented healthcare strategies for very old, frail or care-dependent older adults living at home. The present article provides an overview of different outpatient psychotherapeutic treatment approaches for vulnerable older adults with depression, in particular adaptations tailored to those who are homebound or in need of care. Based on the current state of research, this article derives recommendations for psychotherapy in this special setting to consider the physical and psychosocial resources of this patient group. Furthermore, healthcare strategies for embedding psychotherapy in collaborative, telehealth or home-delivered healthcare services are described and their applicability as psychosocial support for older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is discussed. Psychotherapy is an efficacious treatment for depression in home-living vulnerable older adults. Further implementing telehealth or home delivered settings, individually tailored psychotherapeutic approaches as well as collaborative and stepped care approaches can increase utilization and medical supply of this patient group. More research and innovative programs are needed to improve access to and provision of psychotherapeutic care as well as their social inclusion.
Complex dystonias: an update on diagnosis and care
Authors: Herzog Rebecca , Weissbach Anne , Bäumer Tobias , Münchau Alexander
Published: November 2020

Complex dystonias are defined as dystonias that are accompanied by neurologic or systemic manifestations beyond movement disorders. Many syndromes or diseases can present with complex dystonia, either as the cardinal sign or as part of a multi-systemic manifestation. Complex dystonia often gradually develops in the disease course, but can also be present from the outset. If available, the diagnostic workup, disease-specific treatment, and management of patients with complex dystonias require a multi-disciplinary approach. This article summarizes current knowledge on complex dystonias with a particular view of recent developments with respect to advances in diagnosis and management, including causative treatments.
Reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder in adolescence: co-occurring psychopathology and psychosocial problems
Authors: Seim Astrid R. , Jozefiak Thomas , Wichstrøm Lars , Lydersen Stian , Kayed Nanna S.
Published: November 2020

Insufficient care is associated with most psychiatric disorders and psychosocial problems, and is part of the etiology of reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). To minimize the risk of misdiagnosis, and aid treatment and care, clinicians need to know to which degree RAD and DSED co-occur with other psychopathology and psychosocial problems, a topic little researched in adolescence. In a national study of all adolescents (N = 381; 67% consent; 12–20 years old; 58% girls) in Norwegian residential youth care, the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment interview yielded information about psychiatric diagnoses and psychosocial problems categorized as present/absent, and the Child Behavior Check List questionnaire was applied for dimensional measures of psychopathology. Most adolescents with a RAD or DSED diagnosis had several cooccurring psychiatric disorders and psychosocial problems. Prevalence rates of both emotional and behavioral disorders were high in adolescent RAD and DSED, as were rates of suicidality, self-harm, victimization from bullying, contact with police, risky sexual behavior and alcohol or drug misuse. Although categorical measures of co-occurring disorders and psychosocial problems revealed few and weak associations with RAD and DSED, dimensional measures uncovered associations between both emotional and behavioral problems and RAD/DSED symptom loads, as well as DSED diagnosis. Given the high degree of comorbidity, adolescents with RAD or DSED—or symptoms thereof—should be assessed for co-occurring psychopathology and related psychosocial problems. Treatment plans should be adjusted accordingly.
Predict the Effects of Forming Tool Characteristics on Surface Roughness of Aluminum Foil Components Formed by SPIF Using ANN and SVR
Authors: Najm Sherwan Mohammed , Paniti Imre
Published: November 2020

In the present work, multiple forming tests were conducted under different forming conditions by Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF). In which surface roughness, arithmetical mean roughness (Ra) and the ten-point mean roughness (Rz) of AlMn1Mg1 sheet were experimentally measured. Also, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to predict the (Ra) and (Rz) by adopting the data collected from 108 components that were formed by SPIF. Forming tool characteristics played a key role in all the predictions and their effect on the final product surface roughness. In the aim to explore the proper materials and geometry of forming tools, different ANN structures, different training, and transfer functions have been applied to predict (Ra) and (Rz) as an output argument. Furthermore, Support Vector Regression (SVR) with different kernel types have been used for prediction, together with Gradient Boosting regression to sort the effective parameters on the surface roughness. The input arguments were tool materials, tool shape, tool end/corner radius, and tool surface roughness (Ra and Rz). The actual data subjected to a fit regression model to generate prediction equations of Ra and Rz. The results showed that ANN with one output gives the best R-Square (R2). Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation (Trainlm) training function recorded the highest value of R2, 0.9628 for prediction Ra using Softmax transfer function whereas 0.9972 for Rz by Log- Sigmoid transfer function. Furthermore, tool materials, together with tool surface (Ra), are playing a significant importance role, affecting the sheet surface roughness (Ra). Whereas tool roughness Rz was the critical parameter effected on the Rz of the product. Also, there was a significant positive effect of tool geometry on the sheet surface roughness.
Nanocarbon-Enhanced 2D Photoelectrodes: A New Paradigm in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Ke Jun , He Fan , Wu Hui , Lyu Siliu , Liu Jie , Yang Bin , Li Zhongjian , Zhang Qinghua , Chen Jian , Lei Lecheng , Hou Yang , Ostrikov Kostya
Published: November 2020

Solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting systems are highly promising for converting solar energy into clean and sustainable chemical energy. In such PEC systems, an integrated photoelectrode incorporates a light harvester for absorbing solar energy, an interlayer for transporting photogenerated charge carriers, and a co-catalyst for triggering redox reactions. Thus, understanding the correlations between the intrinsic structural properties and functions of the photoelectrodes is crucial. Here we critically examine various 2D layered photoanodes/photocathodes, including graphitic carbon nitrides, transition metal dichalcogenides, layered double hydroxides, layered bismuth oxyhalide nanosheets, and MXenes, combined with advanced nanocarbons (carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphdiyne) as co-catalysts to assemble integrated photoelectrodes for oxygen evolution/hydrogen evolution reactions. The fundamental principles of PEC water splitting and physicochemical properties of photoelectrodes and the associated catalytic reactions are analyzed. Elaborate strategies for the assembly of 2D photoelectrodes with nanocarbons to enhance the PEC performances are introduced. The mechanisms of interplay of 2D photoelectrodes and nanocarbon co-catalysts are further discussed. The challenges and opportunities in the field are identified to guide future research for maximizing the conversion efficiency of PEC water splitting.
Asymptotic symmetry and local behavior of solutions of higher order conformally invariant equations with isolated singularities
Authors: Jin Tianling , Xiong Jingang
Published: November 2020

We prove sharp blow up rates of solutions of higher order conformally invariant equations in a bounded domain with an isolated singularity, and show the asymptotic radial symmetry of the solutions near the singularity. This is an extension of the celebrated theorem of Caffarelli-Gidas-Spruck for the second order Yamabe equation with isolated singularities to higher order equations. Our approach uses blow up analysis for local integral equations, and is unified for all critical elliptic equations of order smaller than the dimension. We also prove the existence of Fowler solutions to the global equations, and establish a sup ⁎ inf type Harnack inequality of Schoen for integral equations.
Response to Commentaries
Authors: CHUA Lynette J.
Published: November 2020

Conducting the research, finishing the final draft, and then reflecting on the research and writing processes, whether on a conference panel or in print, often feel like disjunctive exercises. By the time this series of commentaries is published, at least eight years would have passed since my first visit with LGBT rights activists of Myanmar. I have moved on to new projects and walked with other people in the field in other lands.
On equicontinuous factors of flows on locally path-connected compact spaces
Authors: EDEKO NIKOLAI
Published: November 2020

We consider a locally path-connected compact metric space K with finite first Betti number

$\textrm {b}_1(K)$
and a flow

$(K, G)$
on K such that G is abelian and all G-invariant functions

$f\,{\in}\, \textrm{C}(K)$
are constant. We prove that every equicontinuous factor of the flow

$(K, G)$
is isomorphic to a flow on a compact abelian Lie group of dimension less than

${\textrm {b}_1(K)}/{\textrm {b}_0(K)}$
. For this purpose, we use and provide a new proof for Theorem 2.12 of Hauser and Jäger [Monotonicity of maximal equicontinuous factors and an application to toral flows. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.147 (2019), 4539–4554], which states that for a flow on a locally connected compact space the quotient map onto the maximal equicontinuous factor is monotone, i.e., has connected fibers. Our alternative proof is a simple consequence of a new characterization of the monotonicity of a quotient map

$p\colon K\to L$
between locally connected compact spaces K and L that we obtain by characterizing the local connectedness of K in terms of the Banach lattice

$\textrm {C}(K)$
.
Effect of testing methods on incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection rates in Veterans’ Affairs medical centers
Authors: McCauley Brian P. , Evans Martin E. , Simbartl Loretta A. , Gamage Shantini D. , Kralovic Stephen M. , Roselle Gary A.
Published: November 2020

Clostridioidesdifficile infection rates from 7 facilities that used nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) alone for 12 months then switched to NAAT plus toxin enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and reported the latter result for 12 months were compared to 70 facilities that used NAAT alone for all 24 months. There was no significant difference in rates between facility groups over the first 12 months (P = .21, linear regression), but we detected a decrease in rates for the facilities that changed to NAAT+EIA (P < .0001).
Geoarchaeological investigation of occupation deposits in Blombos Cave in South Africa indicate changes in site use and settlement dynamics in the southern Cape during MIS 5b-4
Authors: Haaland Magnus M. , Miller Christopher E. , Unhammer Ole F. , Reynard Jerome P. , van Niekerk Karen L. , Ligouis Bertrand , Mentzer Susan M. , Henshilwood Christopher S.
Published: November 2020

The archaeological assemblage recovered from the Middle Stone Age (MSA) levels in Blombos Cave, South Africa, is central to our understanding of the development of early modern humans. Here, we demonstrate that the cultural and technological innovations inferred from the Blombos Cave MSA record also correlate with significant shifts in site use and occupational intensity. Through a comprehensive geoarchaeological investigation of three MSA occupation phases, we identified distinct diachronic trends in the frequency of visits and the modes of occupation. During the earliest phases (ca. 88–82 ka), humans inhabited the cave for more extended periods, but cave visits were not frequent. During the later phases (ca. 77–72 ka), the cave was more regularly visited but for shorter periods each time. We argue that these changes in local occupational intensity, which also coincide with shifts in vegetation, sea levels, and subsistence, can best be explained by broader changes in hunter-gatherer mobility strategies and occupation patterns. Fundamental changes in regional settlement dynamics during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stages 5b-4 would have significantly affected the nature and frequency of social interaction within and between prehistoric populations living in the southern Cape, a scenario that ultimately may explain some of the social and technological advances that occurred there during this time frame.