bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MCDM APPLICATION FOR BACTERIA MEASUREMENT DEVICES
Authors: Shaalan Maryam Khalid , Abdulkhalik Humam Abduljabbar , Amran Naba  Ndhm
Published: December 2024

This study explores the innovative use of gas sensors to detect bacterial infections. The fundamental reliance of this technique is on monitoring fluctuations in the quantities of biogenic gases produced by bacteria during their growth. Through analysis, these sensors can accurately identify the kind and severity of a disease by detecting chemicals such as ammonia and hydrogen sulphide. Preliminary studies indicate that gas sensors provide a rapid and non-intrusive method for diagnosing bacterial infections. Additionally, they possess a notable level of sensitivity and precision. This technology improves clinical results and reduces the transmission of infections, enabling healthcare personnel to administer the appropriate medications promptly
ESCHERICHIA COLI BACTERIA AND THEIR RESISTANCE PATTERN TO ANTIBIOTICS IN THE MATERNITY AND CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL/BABYLON
Authors: Mohammed Jafar Saad Abdul Redha , Shaheed Ali Hamza Mohammed , Ali Ahmed Mohammed Abed , Mohammed Ahmed Raad Abdul Redha , Yousef Mohamed Waleed Ahmed
Published: December 2024

This study focused on collecting urine samples from the midstream of urinary tract from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). It was clear that E. coli isolates dominated the rest of the isolates due to their importance in causing urinary tract infection in women and men. To achieve this goal, 100 midstream urine samples were collected from patients suffering from urinary tract infection in Maternity and Children's Hospital/Babylon from men and women for the period from 11/11/2018 to 1/11/2019. These samples were cultured on eosin medium and solid MacConkey medium to confirm the diagnosis. The disk diffusion method was used to test the sensitivity of the isolates of this bacterium to a number of antibiotics (18 antibiotics) used as treatments. The most important results are summarized as follows: 1. Isolation and diagnosis of 72 isolates carrying the characteristics of E. coli bacteria, with infection predominance in women (60 cases) more than men (19 cases). All E. coli isolates are resistant to antibiotics that affect the cell wall
THE ROLE OF RUSTS IN CORROSION AND CORROSION PROTECTION OF IRON AND STEEL
Authors: Hussein Lubna Basem Kazim Abdul , Mater Anwar Abdalmajeed Abdullah , Clinic Hanin Khaled Mohammed , Alanbar Dhuha Mazin Fawzi Khalaf , Ali Saja Muwafaq Freah
Published: December 2024

The processes of atmospheric corrosion of iron and steel and the properties of corrosion products (rusts) are modeled based on a quantitative evaluation of the chemical reactions pertaining to corrosion to elucidate the conditions with which corrosion-protective rust films form. in the initial stage of corrosion, in the rusts, the pH of the aquatic system is maintained at 9.31 owing to an equilibrium with iron (II) hydroxide and the rate of air-oxidation at this pH is very fast, and that dense, self-repairing rust films form, protecting the underlying iron and steel. However, after corrosion stops, the rust film deteriorates due to the dissolution and shrinkage by aging, and the deteriorated rust film separates the anode and cathode reaction products (Fe2+ and OH- ions) to cause crevice corrosion. The air-oxidation of iron (II) in anode channels without the presence of OH- ions results in strongly acidic solutions (pH 1.41), causing acid-corrosion. It is proposed that good catalysts (e.g. copper (II) and phos-phate ions) accelerate the air-oxidation at low pH, delaying the crevice- and acid-corrosion stages. Further, it is argued that iron compounds with negative charges due to the non- stoichiometric proportions of the lattice oxide ions and metal ions (solid oxoanions of iron) exhibit stable cation-selective permeability even with a drop in pH. Rust films including such compounds would stop the passage of aggressive anions and act to protect iron and steel.
PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Yunuskhodjaeva Khilolakhon , Ibodullayev Zarifboy , Maxamatjanova Nodira
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the psychocorrection of obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The research involved a cohort of 40 patients diagnosed with OCD, whose symptoms intensified during the pandemic. Participants underwent a series of psychocorrective interventions, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure and response prevention (ERP), and mindfulness-based techniques. The efficacy of these interventions was assessed through pre- and post-treatment evaluations using standardized OCD symptom scales and patient self-reports. Results indicated significant improvements in OCD symptoms and overall mental well-being. Patients reported reduced anxiety and compulsive behaviors, and increased ability to manage obsessive thoughts. The findings suggest that targeted psychocorrective strategies can be effective in alleviating pandemic-induced exacerbations of OCD, highlighting the importance of adapting therapeutic approaches to current global health crises
PRP THERAPY SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCES URINARY INCONTINENCE SEVERITY AND IMPROVES QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Muzafarovna Mukhammadzhonova Mohidil
Published: December 2024

This study explores the efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy in treating urinary incontinence (UI) among women in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Despite existing treatments, UI remains a significant concern, and PRP therapy's regenerative potential offers a promising alternative. Addressing a knowledge gap in long-term efficacy and quality of life impacts, a mixed-methods approach was employed, assessing 120 participants using ICIQ-SF, UDI-6, and SF-36 scores. Results indicated significant improvements in UI severity and overall quality of life, suggesting that PRP therapy could be a valuable, minimally invasive treatment. Further research is needed to optimize protocols and assess long-term outcomes
STRATEGY FOR THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Bekzod Djurayev , Chori Kulmatov , Shukhrat Nematjanov
Published: December 2024

The industrialization of livestock products, including dairy farming, is one of the important issues in the context of population growth and global climate change. Also, a number of problems, such as meeting the population's demand for quality food and ensuring food safety, require the application of scientific achievements to the sector and increase investment attractiveness. Milk production in our republic poses a difficult question of introducing industrial technologies to animal husbandry while fully meeting the demands of the domestic market. If we take into account that 85% of the milk produced in our republic is produced by farmers' farms, we can understand that the intensification of the dairy sector is significantly complicated. At the same time, it is possible to reduce the cost of products and rational use of resources by improving the activity of livestock farmers.
OSTEOARTHRITIS - RISE OF AN UNRECOGNIZED EPIDEMIC
Authors: Pradhan Anmol Basudev
Published: December 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Despite being the most common form of arthritis, OA is often underrecognized and undertreated. This article explores the rise of OA, its prevalence in developed versus developing nations, and the multifaceted factors contributing to its increasing incidence. We delve into the relationship between OA and nutritional factors, the impact of genetically modified foods and pesticides, and advancements in treatment options. By examining the latest research, we aim to highlight the need for greater awareness and more effective management strategies for this growing public health concern
REVEAL OF CERTAIN ADIPOKINES (ADIPONECTIN AND LEPTIN) AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS LEVELS IN WOMEN WITH INFERTILITY
Authors: AlSadoon Asawer Kareem
Published: December 2024

Adipose tissue produces adipokines, and adipocytes have an impact on the reproductive organs through the production of adiponectin and leptin. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate adipokines and sex hormones in order to have a deeper understanding of infertility. Thus, the goal of the current study was to assess adipokines and biochemical markers in infertile patients. In this study, 65 women between the ages of 17 and 40 years old (mean: 27.8±4.08 years) were included. All were consecutively admitted to the clinic at AL-Kut Hospital for Gynecology Obstetrics and Pediatrics (infertility center) at February to May 2024. All women had infertility as diagnosed by the physician. also, this study including 40 healthy women as control group. The results showed that the concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (7.42±0.13) and luteinising hormone (LH) (7.13±0.25) in serum of infertility women indicated a significant (P <0.05) rise in contrast to healthy women (5.037.42±0.29; 3.657.42±0.16). The levels of MDA (1.93±0.11) demonstrated significant (P <0.05) increase and GSH (0.371±0.027) decreased in infertility women compared with healthy women (1.22±0.09; 0.441±0.014). Adiponectin concentration in serum of infertility patients (4.55±0.19) indicated non-significant (P <0.05) variations in contrast to healthy women (4.61 ± 0.23). the concentration of leptin indicated a significant (P <0.05) rise in infertility women (14.83 ±1.92) in contrast to healthy women (5.48 ±0.41). It is concluded from the study that there was also an imbalance in the case of oxidative stress. On the other hand, it was noted that there is a correlation between leptin levels and infertility in women
ISOLATE AND DIAGNOSE CANDIDA ALBICANS FROM WOMEN WITH VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS AND ESTIMATE THE LEVELS OF SOME CYTOKINES
Authors: Hussein Anmar Sael , Ahmad Ghfran Ayad
Published: December 2024

Candida albicans is the opportunistic mucosal infection that causes vulvovaginal candidiasis, which affects a lot of otherwise healthy women who are of childbearing age. So, the current study aimed to isolate and diagnose C. albicans from women with Vulvovaginal candidiasis and estimate the levels of some cytokines. Vaginal and blood samples were collected from women attending Salah al-Din Teaching Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Consultation Clinic, and two groups of women were selected. The first group includes 200 women suffering from infections and their ages range from 18-59 years, and a second group of healthy women (40 women) whose ages range from 17-50 years for the period from November 2023 to May 2024. 200 samples were directly inspected under a microscope; of these, 58(29.0%) were found to be positive and 142(71.0%) to be negative. On the other hand, the Human C. albicans ELISA Kit was used for the purpose of detecting positive cases and their percentage. The results found that out of 200 women suffering from vaginitis, it was found that 27.5% were positive on the test, while the negative percentage of the test was 72.5%. for cytokines, IL-10 levels in serum of patients (37.15± 5.04) demonstrated significant (P <0.05) increase in compared with healthy subjects (14.94± 1.78). the levels of IFN-γ demonstrated significant (P <0.05) increase in patients (158.74 ± 12.55) compared with healthy subjects (39.13 ± 4.25). It is concluded that using the ELISA method is the best compared to traditional methods for diagnosing C. albicans, and vulvovaginal candidiasis led to an increase in the secretion of both IL-10 and IFN-γ for the purpose of raising the immune response
THE PRESENCE OF HEAVY METALS IN USED CLOTHES AND THEIR IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH
Authors: Odeh Duha yousif Aziz , jead Ahmed Radiy shimran  jead , Hasen Mohammed taha sahb , Hassoun Mohammed Taqi Abbas Abboud , Mohammed Ahmed khuder abd Al Akhwa
Published: December 2024

The research aims to detect the presence of heavy elements in used clothes and to educate people about their dangers and the diseases they carry in order to provide some solutions and recommendations for this problem. To achieve this goal, laboratory tests (atomic spectrometer) were conducted, which included 12 samples from different areas of Diwaniyah Governorate on 2/2/2021. The samples came in varying proportions. The percentage of arsenic increased in the intersection street by 30% and decreased in Alawi Street by 25%. As for the cadmium element, its concentration increased in Alawi Street by 20% and decreased in Alawi Street by 10%. As for lead, its percentage increased in the intersection street by 15% and decreased in Alawi Street by 10%. This difference is due to the presence of a fuel filling station behind the intersection street, so the percentage was greater. The quality of the clothes was estimated to be low, bad and dangerous to human health. Therefore, we recommend the necessity of carrying out sterilization operations and increasing monitoring of the places of their import and display to ensure the efficiency of the treatment and sterilization facilities
THE EFFECT OF PH ON THE RESISTANCE OF PROTEUS MIRABILIS BACTERIA TO ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Soltan Zahraa Majed Ali , Mohammed Aisha Muhand Fadhel , Kariz Wijdan Rahim Abed , Obaid Yasser Ammar Hussein , Hussein Saja Abbas Burhi
Published: December 2024

Twenty-six bacterial isolates of Proteobacteria were isolated from patients with urinary tract infections from several hospitals in Babylon province. Urine samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infections, then these samples were grown on different culture media and identified by several biochemical tests. Also, their drug sensitivity was studied using nine types of antibiotics. The drug sensitivity of these samples was studied at acidic, neutral and basic pH using disk diffusion method. The study showed that ciprofloxacin and azithromycin had high activity against bacteria at both acidic and neutral pH, while amikacin, meropenem, imipenem and ciprofloxacin had high activity at basic pH against these bacteria
IONIZING RADIATION AND ITS BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Authors: rhaif Maryam zaman jabbar , Fnkhyr Najlaa Hamed Anad , A’arebe Dhuha Adnan Sultan , Oda Naba’a Jabbar Farhan , Ali Fatima kareem Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Ionizing radiation is a type of energy released by certain atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. People are exposed to natural sources of ionizing radiation, including those found in soil, water, and plants, and to other man-made sources such as X-ray machines and medical devices. Ionizing radiation has many useful applications, including its uses in areas such as medicine, industry, agriculture, and research. As the use of ionizing radiation increases, so does the potential for health risks if it is not used or contained properly. Acute health effects such as skin burns or acute radiation syndrome can occur when radiation doses exceed very high levels. Exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation can increase the risk of long-term effects, such as cancer. The first chapter discussed the importance of radiation, its sources, types, and methods of protection from it. The second chapter discussed the effects of radiation, including biological effects and their impact on humans. In the third chapter, we discussed in detail how to protect against radiation. Finally, through what we discussed in the research, we reached the most important conclusions and also the most important recommendations
VITEK2 BASED DIAGNOSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION STAPHYLOCOCCI AERUS STRAIN CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECATION IN FEMAL AND MALE
Authors: Jaber Salim Abdul Amir
Published: December 2024

Background, The aim of this study was to assess the clinical presentation, risk factors, and comorbidities of the patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria, and to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility data of S. aureus isolated from their urine samples. Methods, A total of 80 isolates of S. aureus were collected from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs)in hospital Refai. Urinalysis was performed manually, including macroscopic examination of color and appearance, and microscopic examination for the presence of urinary  pus cells, and bacteria and culture on MaCconky agar,Blood agar. Full diagnosis and susceptibility testing of S. aureus were performed by the VITEK 2 system (BioMérieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France) using standard criteria. Results, The majority of the patients were female (50), with a mean age of 30 years and male(30) mean ageof45 years  . Most of the patients were inhospatial . Seventy positive urine cultures were associated with UTI symptoms. ButTen negative urine cultures. Conclusion, Although S. aureus UTI is known to be associated with other risk factors such as urinary catheterization, long hospital stay, or complicated UTI, our results show the community-acquired presentation of UTI. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be used as an effective treatment for UTI caused by S. aureus. S. aureus UTI could be an alarming sign of more invasive infections such as S. aureus bacteremia, though clinical evaluation and finding the source of S. aureus are crucial for effective treatment and prevention of further complications
THE ASSOCIATION OF SERUM VITAMIN D AND SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE LEVEL IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad Abd al-Qahar , Zughair Nada Khaled , Mahdi Ruqayyah Khalil , Mohsen Amna Farouk , Blais Roaa Qasim , Blais Russul Qasim
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed at investigating the association of serum vitamin D and superoxide dismutase level in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as well as non-PCOS healthy ovulatory women. Methods: A total of 20 patients with polycystic ovaries and 20 of their age matched healthy control participates was included in this study. The patient samples were collected from women who reproductive age between 18 and 40 with PCOS. Results: The results of the current study showed a high level of SOD enzyme concentration versus decrease in the level of vitamin D in the PCOS patients compared to the healthy group. Conclusion: There is an opposite effect of superoxide dismutase level and vitamin D on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
ESTIMATE OF BONE BIOMARKER ON OSTEOPOROSIS IN IRAQI POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: AlSahib Zainab qasim Abd , Ali Muataz Hussein
Published: December 2024

Background; Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic and a progressive disease characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in an increased risk of fracture .Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is commonly used for diagnosis of osteoporosis. Bone turnover markers have advantages over DXA, as they are cheap, non-invasive and can detect changes in bone turnover rates earlier. Aims of the study: to investigate the significance of bone turnover biochemical markers; serum parathyroid, serum osteopontin and Vitamin D3 in evaluating osteoporosis for postmenopausal Iraqi women with and without history of vertebral fracture, as well as to explore the relationship of these markers with bone mineral density (BMD). Methodology: Forty-four (85) postmenopausal women were included in this study with age range (45-70years). Subjects were divided into three groups: osteoporosis postmenopausal women: (n=45), osteopenia postmenopausal women: (n=24) and healthy postmenopausal women (n=16) (serve as controls). Patients were diagnosed as osteoporosis and controls as normal by measuring bone mineral density (BMD), using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In addition, serum calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase measured by spectrophotometer. Result; BMD and T-score were significantly lower in osteoporotic postmenopausal group as compared with healthy group (p=0.009) (p=<0.001). Serum ALP levels were elevated significantly in osteoporotic postmenopausal group as compared with healthy group (p=<0.001). Serum Ca levels and serum PO4 levels were elevated significantly in Healthy postmenopausal group as compared with osteoporotic group (p=0.65) (p=0.957). Conclusions: The levels of ALP in serum could be used as a biochemical indicator in the early diagnosis of osteoporosis postmenopausal women.
FUNGAL CONTAMINATION IN FRESH RAISIN JUICE IN MOSUL CITY
Authors: Krmo May Akram , Al_Rejaboo Maha Akram Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2024

Background: Fungal contamination in food and beverages, including fruit juices, poses significant health risks. Specific Background: This study investigates the extent of fungal contamination in fresh raisin juice collected from Mosul City and its suburbs, including Bashiqa, Al-Hamdaniya, Bartella, Al-Shekhan, Aqra, and Dohuk, over a period from January 2023 to April 2024. Knowledge Gap: Despite the potential for fungal contamination in fruit juices, detailed analyses of specific contamination rates and fungal species in this region have been lacking. Aims: The study aimed to identify and quantify fungal contamination in fresh raisin juice samples using Potato Dextrose Agar and Sabouraud Sucrose Agar, and to characterize the fungal isolates morphologically, biochemically, and molecularly. Results: Of the 40 samples tested, 100% were contaminated with fungi, yielding 121 isolates of various species. The highest contamination rates were observed for Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp., each constituting 27.3% of isolates. Other notable contaminants included Wickerhamomyces anomalus (12.39%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (11.57%), and Rhodotorula spp. (8.26%). Additionally, lower rates of contamination were found for Penicillium spp., Exophiala dermatitidis, and several other species. Novelty: The study revealed a high prevalence of fungal contamination, including the identification of a novel Candida oleophila strain (GenBank accession PP961930.1). Implications: These findings highlight the significant fungal contamination in fresh raisin juice, which could have implications for food safety and quality control. The identification of specific fungal species and the novel strain underscores the need for stringent monitoring and improved processing practices to mitigate contamination risks.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN THE LEVELS OF IL-4 , IL-6 AND IL-10 AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN CHILDREN WITH E. VERMICULARIS INFECTION
Authors: Abbas Marwa Ismail , Abdulhasan Rawaa Sahib , Farhan Zainab Mohammed , A. mohsein Osama
Published: December 2024

Background; Enterobiasis (pinworm infection) caused by Enterobius vermicularis is a common parasitic infection prevalent worldwide especially in children. It causes many important symptoms and can lead to digestive problems and lead to malnutrition in children. Aims of the study; Knowing the relationship between levels of cytokine and the severity of infection in children and the extent of the impact of the infection on the child’s health in Iraq. Methodology; A Case-control study included 100 children suffering from infection with the worm E.vermicularis. The ages of the participants ranged from 3 to 10 years. The study included 50 healthy children matched in age and sex to the patient group. 5 ml of blood was collected from each participant at Al-Haboubi Teaching Hospital and at Nasiriyah General Hospital for the period between 3/1/2024 to 10/3/2024. CBC assay using a Sysmex device. Interleukins were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Result; The results showed that there was no statistical significance in age among the participants. While the results of WBC and CRP were significantly high in the patient group, in contrast to PCV and Hb which were significantly low. While interleukin 4 and interleukin 6 results showed a significant increase in the patient group, while interleukin 10 showed a significant decrease. Conclusions; High levels of biomarkers, indicate the immune response that causes by infection with the worm. Anemia due to the pathophysiology of inhibiting appetite and lack of absorption in Intestines for nutrients.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: D.K Najmutdinova , A Urunbayeva D. , G Sadikova N , A Pulotova S
Published: December 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, instigated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has precipitated unprecedented global health and economic challenges since its identification in late 2019. Specific Background: To date, over 770 million confirmed COVID-19 cases and millions of deaths have been documented worldwide. Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are particularly vulnerable, exhibiting an elevated risk of severe illness and mortality due to exacerbated inflammatory responses and frequent comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and obesity. Knowledge Gap: Despite the known risks, the precise molecular interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and host cells, and how these may be modified by diabetes and its comorbidities, remain inadequately understood. Aims: This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underpinning the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and human cells, with a specific focus on how T2DM influences these interactions. Results: Preliminary findings indicate that the presence of T2DM amplifies the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, likely through altered receptor interactions and exacerbated immune responses. Novelty: This research provides new insights into the differential impact of SARS-CoV-2 on diabetic versus non-diabetic patients, highlighting the role of diabetes-induced alterations in viral pathogenesis. Implications: Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic and preventive strategies to mitigate the heightened risk faced by individuals with T2DM during pandemics, thereby informing public health policies and clinical practices.
STUDY OF ANTIBODIES TO OPPORTUNISTIC ENTEROBACTERIA IN THE BLOOD OF ADULTS
Authors: Tursunboy qizi Fozilova Sarvinoz , Alisher qizi Ozodbekova Sitara , Abdukayumovich Adilov Abdujabbor , Rustamovna Bekchanova Mahfuza
Published: December 2024

Background: Opportunistic enterobacteria (OE), including various Gram-negative bacteria, are known to cause infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Specific Background: Despite their clinical relevance, there is limited data on the prevalence of antibodies against these bacteria in the general adult population. Knowledge Gap: The extent to which antibodies to opportunistic enterobacteria are present in serum samples from healthy adults has not been thoroughly investigated. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the presence and frequency of antibodies to seven types of Gram-negative opportunistic enterobacteria in adult serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The analysis revealed a significant prevalence of antibodies against the bacteria E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among the subjects. Novelty: This research provides new insights into the widespread presence of antibodies to OE in a healthy adult population, highlighting previously underexplored immunological responses. Implications: These findings could enhance diagnostic approaches and inform treatment strategies for infections caused by opportunistic enterobacteria, potentially leading to improved management of such infections in clinical settings.
EFFECT OF ACUTE IRRADIATION ON MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE LUNGS
Authors: Rakhmatovna Akhmatova Gulrukh
Published: December 2024

Background: Acute radiation exposure impacts human health variably depending on the frequency, duration, and radiation sensitivity of different organs. Specific Background: While immune organs, mucous membranes, exo- and endocrine glands, and gonads are known to be highly sensitive to acute radiation, less is understood about the specific effects on less sensitive organs such as the lungs. Knowledge Gap: Despite established knowledge on the sensitivity of various organs to radiation, there is limited research focusing on the morphological changes occurring in the lungs as a result of acute radiation exposure. Aims: This study aims to investigate the morphological alterations in lung tissue following acute radiation exposure to better understand its impact on this organ. Results: The study reveals distinct morphological changes in the lungs under acute radiation conditions, including alterations in cellular structure and tissue integrity. These findings highlight the specific effects of radiation on lung tissue compared to other less sensitive organs. Novelty: This research provides new insights into the impact of acute radiation on lung morphology, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of radiation effects beyond the commonly studied highly sensitive organs. Implications: Understanding the morphological changes in the lungs due to acute radiation exposure is crucial for improving radiation protection strategies and treatment protocols for individuals exposed to high levels of ionizing radiation.
IMPROVING QUALITY OF LIFE FOR WOMEN WITH GENETIC-RELATED INFERTILITY
Authors: Salman Dr. Alaa Abdulateef Mohammed , Khalaf Dr. Alaa Kamel , Shareef Dr. Rihab Majeed
Published: December 2024

Background: Infertility treatments significantly impact the quality of life for women, with poor psychological well-being often leading to higher rates of treatment discontinuation. Specific Background: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a common intervention for genetically infertile women, yet its effects on quality of life remain underexplored, particularly using comprehensive tools like the Fertility Quality of Life Questionnaire (FERTIQOL). Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have not thoroughly assessed the impact of IVF on quality of life using FERTIQOL among genetically infertile women in specific geographic locations, such as Iraq. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the FERTIQOL among genetically infertile women undergoing IVF to determine its impact on their quality of life. Results: A total of 75 genetically infertile women, aged 20-45 years, were recruited from Baghdad hospitals between April 6, 2023, and October 10, 2024. The study found a 64% prevalence of primary infertility and a 36% prevalence of secondary infertility. Post-IVF complications occurred in 25.33% of cases, and pregnancy loss was reported in 32% of patients. Hormonal levels were recorded as follows: FSH 6.58 ± 0.05 IU/L, LH 6.52 ± 0.61 IU/L, estradiol 161.92 ± 6.18 pmol/L, and progesterone 0.89 ± 0.48 nmol/L. The FERTIQOL scores revealed a mean tolerability score of 76.55 ± 13.20, a treatment FertiQoL score of 67.91 ± 10.83, a relational score of 60.02 ± 8.74, and a Mind/Body score of 68.78 ± 16.59. Novelty: This study is among the first to assess the impact of IVF on quality of life in genetically infertile women using FERTIQOL in an Iraqi setting. Implications: The findings highlight the significant role of IVF in managing genetic infertility and its profound impact on patients' quality of life, underscoring the need for comprehensive support systems during treatment.
SKIN THERAPY USING COLD ATMOSPHERIC PLASMA
Authors: Jassim Muntadher Ghanem , Hussein Ali Mujbil  , Azhar Awad Jabr  , Munif  , Mutab Jarad  , Karar Khazal Jarad  , Hassan Ali Naeem  , Ismail Nouri
Published: December 2024

Background: Maintaining skin integrity is essential for protecting against external agents, microorganisms, and dehydration, while also serving social and aesthetic functions. Recent advancements in skin care have introduced innovative technologies, including Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP), which shows promising results in dermatology. Specific Background: CAP technology, based on physical principles, has emerged as a novel approach in skin treatments, offering potential benefits for aging prevention and skin care. This interdisciplinary field encompasses physics, biology, chemistry, and biochemistry, presenting a complex landscape. Knowledge Gap: Despite its potential, there is limited comprehensive analysis of CAP's interactions with skin, its effects, and its practical applications in cosmetic dermatology. Aims: This research aims to provide a broad survey of CAP's interactions with skin by discussing the basic structure and functions of the skin, the foundational principles of CAP, and its physical and chemical properties. The study will analyze CAP parameters to highlight known effects and explore potential applications in skin treatment. Results: The review reveals that CAP exhibits versatile applications in dermatology, including direct treatment of superficial lesions, indirect treatment via plasma-activated media, and combined use with other therapies. CAP has shown promise in optimizing intact skin, facilitating transdermal drug delivery, and minimizing side effects. However, challenges remain in integrating CAP into routine clinical practice. Novelty: This overview synthesizes current knowledge and emerging potential of CAP technology in skin biology, offering a comprehensive evaluation of its effects and applications. Implications: The findings underscore CAP's potential to revolutionize skin care and dermatological treatments. Addressing the existing challenges and expanding research could enable CAP to become a valuable tool in both therapeutic and cosmetic dermatology.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PRECANCER AND CANCER DISEASES OF THE CERVIX
Authors: Bakhtiyarovna Isakova Dilnoza , Rafikovna Farmankulova Yorkinoy
Published: December 2024

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) remains a significant oncological challenge, as its early detection and intervention can substantially improve patient outcomes, including overall and recurrence-free survival, enhance quality of life, and reduce treatment costs. Specific Background: The primary etiological factor for cervical cancer is infection with oncogenic genotypes of the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is preventable through effective screening measures. Knowledge Gap: Despite the availability of screening tests, there remains a critical need for advancements in diagnostic technologies to enhance early detection rates and precision in identifying precancerous lesions and invasive cancer. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the impact of innovative technologies on the early diagnosis of precancerous conditions and cervical cancer, focusing on improvements in diagnostic accuracy, early detection, and subsequent patient management. Results: The integration of novel diagnostic technologies, such as advanced HPV testing methods, liquid biopsy techniques, and high-resolution imaging, has demonstrated significant improvements in detecting cervical abnormalities at earlier stages compared to traditional methods. These technologies enhance diagnostic precision and enable more targeted interventions. Novelty: This research highlights recent advancements in diagnostic technologies that offer higher sensitivity and specificity, including the use of biomarkers and novel imaging modalities, which represent a shift towards more personalized and effective cervical cancer screening strategies. Implications: The findings underscore the potential for these innovative technologies to revolutionize cervical cancer screening and diagnosis, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes, reduced healthcare costs, and more effective management of cervical cancer and its precursors.
INVESTIGATION OF FUNGAL CONTAMINATION IN FRESH RAISIN JUICE IN MOSUL CITY AND ITS SUBURBS
Authors: Krmo May Akram , Al_Rejaboo Maha Akram Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2024

Elected(40) a random sample of raisin juice from both sides of Mosul city (right and left) and its suburbs, which included the areas of Bashiqa, Al-Hamdaniya, Bartella, Al-Shekhan, Aqra and Dohuk, for the period from January 2023 to April 2024, to detect the extent of contamination of these samples with fungi and yeasts using the culture media Potato Dextrose Agar and Sabouraud Sucrose Agar. The results of the culture of the samples showed that there were fungi that grew on the two media and others that grew on one media. All isolates were diagnosed based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics and diagnosis using the planting medium. (121) fungal isolates of different species were obtained with a contamination rate of (100%) distributed as follows: The highest contamination rate for fungal species  33/121 (27.3%). Candida spp. and (27.3%)33/121 Apergillus spp., respectively, while I reached Contamination rate of raisin juice with Wickerhamomycesanomalus15/121(12.39%),Saccaromyces cervisiae14/121(11.57%), Rhotodorula spp.14/121(8.26%), and Penicillium ssp. and Exophiala dermatitidis (3.3%) each. Four fungal isolates wereFor each of them, followed by the following fungal species: Geotrichum spp. and Fusarium spp. and Epidermophytes floccosum by percentage pollution reached(0.82%) respectively but Pollution rate by Mushrooms(4/121(2.47% Cladosporiumoxysporu and (1.65%)2/121 Trichophyton mentagrophytonThe results of the study showed that (26)A sample of raisin juice was heavily contaminated with filamentous fungi and yeasts.By (65%)And it isR1, R3, R4, R5, R7, R9, R10, R11, R12, R14, R15, R16, R17, R19, R20, R21, R22, R26, R28, R29, R30, R35, R36, R38, R39, and R40. The other samples were contaminated with fungi at a low rate. And I ranto be sureDiagnosisfor fungal isolationUsing molecular methods to compare nitrogenous base sequences at the National Center for Biotechnology InformationNCBI using BLAST And it was recordedstrainnewAndCandida oleophilastrain MAYKAIY and sequenced as PP961930.1 in GenBankGlobal.
UNRAVELING THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN GENE REGULATION A MOLECULAR GENETICS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: AL-Abedi Yasameen Waleed , Halboti Alaa Abdalhadi , Saleh Ali Abdulhussein
Published: December 2024

Epigenetic modifications is very crucial in managing on/off switch of the genes, and the kind of cell that is being built. The specific goals of this study are to identify the role of histone modifications, DNA methylation, and their interaction with each other on gene expression according to the ChIP-Seq, RNA-Seq, and bisulfite sequencing results. Therefore, in order to offer wide and profound analysis we went to specify the strains for regulatory components, to describe the molecular events, and to contemplate concerning potential clinical utility. Typically, for ChIP-Seq analysis, the number of histone modification peaks varies between 5,000-10,000 per sample, which is the comparison to the input control With regards to the genomic location of these peaks 60-70% of these are in promoter regions, while 20-30% of these are in enhancers. Described variation in RNA-Seq brought about 1000–3000 DE genes per condition; in the compared conditions, the difference generally ranged from 2 to 10 folds. Specifically, 500-1500 of them had different methylation between the control and the patient group with different methylation variations; 20%-60%. Thus, the integration of these datasets demonstrated that there exists significant relationships between histone modification and gene expression level, with the former ment for active modification leading to up-regulation of genes and the latter for repressive modification leading to down- regulation of genes. Besides, the report determined that hypomethylation of promoters of genes led to overexpression whereas hypermethylation of promoters of genes l led to underexpression. The functional enrichment of the genes with the epigenetic changes revealed mostly the cell cycle and signal transduction based on the Gene Ontology.
PREPARING NANOPARTICLES USING SOME BIOLOGICAL METHODS AND STUDYING THEIR EFFECT ON SOME MYCOTOXINS
Authors: Radhi Zahraa Essa , Azeez Zahraa Falah
Published: December 2024

General Background: Mycotoxins, toxic substances produced by certain fungi and bacteria, pose significant health risks to humans and animals, necessitating effective remediation strategies. Specific Background: The use of environmentally friendly approaches to mitigate the impact of these toxins is crucial. Nanotechnology, particularly in conjunction with plant extracts, has emerged as a promising method for toxin remediation due to its cost-effectiveness and efficiency. Knowledge Gap: Despite the potential of nanomaterials in mycotoxin management, there is limited research exploring the interaction between plant extracts and nanotechnology in inhibiting toxin-producing fungi. Aims: This study aims to investigate the efficacy of zinc oxide nanomaterials synthesized from mint plant extracts in mitigating the effects of mycotoxins and inhibiting the growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Results: Mint leaves were collected from various locations in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate over an eight-week period. The extracted plant materials were used to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles, which demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on the growth of specific fungi responsible for mycotoxin production, thereby reducing mycotoxin formation. Novelty: This research highlights the innovative application of mint-derived zinc oxide nanoparticles as a dual-action agent—suppressing fungal growth while simultaneously preventing mycotoxin synthesis. Implications: The findings provide valuable insights into sustainable agricultural practices and mycotoxin management, paving the way for the development of natural, eco-friendly solutions to enhance food safety and protect public health.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNOUT SYNDROME
Authors: Faxritdinovna Yadgarova Nargiza , Shavkatovna Shadmanova Lola
Published: December 2024

General Background: Emotional Burnout Syndrome (EBS) has emerged as a significant concern within healthcare professions, affecting the mental health and performance of medical practitioners. Specific Background: While various studies have examined EBS, there remains a lack of comprehensive analysis focused on the influence of demographic factors such as age and gender among doctors in diverse specialties. Knowledge Gap: Existing literature inadequately addresses the specific characteristics of EBS development across different age groups and professional roles, highlighting the need for targeted research in this area. Aims: This study aims to investigate the prevalence and developmental characteristics of EBS among doctors, with particular attention to variations by age and gender. Results: The findings indicate that female doctors aged 24 to 34 experience significantly higher overall stress levels compared to their male counterparts. Furthermore, women aged 46 to 55 demonstrated a pronounced resistance phase to stress. A weak direct correlation (p<0.05) was identified between the emergence of this resistance phase and the overall age of symptom development. Notably, over half of the respondents exhibited a resistance phase, while nearly 20% reported signs of stress and burnout. Oncologists and psychiatrists were found to have the highest prevalence of EBS. Novelty: This research provides new insights into the demographic factors influencing EBS, emphasizing the unique experiences of female medical practitioners and highlighting the specialties most affected. Implications: The findings underscore the necessity for healthcare institutions to implement targeted interventions to address EBS, particularly for vulnerable groups, thereby promoting the mental well-being of medical professionals and enhancing overall healthcare delivery.
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SKIN DERMIS
Authors: Qizi Shavkatxonova Marjona Fayzullo
Published: December 2024

General Background: The dermis, the skin's second layer, plays a crucial role in skin health and functionality. Positioned beneath the epidermis, it serves as a structural support for the skin. Specific Background: Comprised primarily of connective tissue, the dermis is rich in proteins such as collagen and elastin, which are essential for maintaining skin integrity and elasticity. Knowledge Gap: Despite the recognized importance of the dermis in dermatological health, detailed understanding of its composition and the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in skin aging and disease is limited. Aims: This study aims to elucidate the main characteristics of the dermis, focusing on its structural components and their contributions to skin health. Results: The findings highlight the predominance of collagen and elastin as the primary structural proteins, alongside the crucial role of hyaluronic acid in the ECM, which maintains hydration and resilience of the dermal layer. Novelty: This research offers new insights into the interplay between dermal components and skin aging, suggesting that a better understanding of these elements may inform therapeutic strategies for skin rejuvenation and disease management. Implications: The implications of this study extend to clinical practices, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions that enhance dermal health, thereby contributing to improved aesthetic and functional outcomes in dermatology. This knowledge could pave the way for innovative treatments aimed at preserving skin youth and preventing age-related skin disorders.
COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION OF CYTOPENIC SYNDROME IN VIRUS ETIOLOGY LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Z.A Sayfiddinova , Islamova Z.S  , Slamova G.E  , Adilov A.A.  , Saidmurodov B.S  , Nurillayeva G.S
Published: December 2024

General Background: Liver cirrhosis is a severe complication of chronic viral hepatitis, significantly impacting hematological parameters and leading to cytopenic syndromes. Specific Background: While both Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are known to cause liver cirrhosis, the comparative hematological features associated with these viral etiologies remain inadequately explored. Knowledge Gap: Current literature lacks comprehensive analysis on the differences in cytopenic manifestations in patients with liver cirrhosis of HBV versus HCV origin. Aims: This study aims to evaluate and compare the cytopenic syndromes present in patients with liver cirrhosis attributed to HBV and HCV, with a focus on blood parameters, coagulation factors, and protein fractions. Results: The analysis included 50 patients diagnosed with viral etiology liver cirrhosis. Findings revealed significant decreases in blood platelets, blood coagulation factors, and protein fractions, alongside the presence of hemorrhagic syndromes of various origins. Novelty: This study provides a comparative perspective on the hematological implications of liver cirrhosis due to HBV and HCV, highlighting specific deficiencies in blood components linked to each viral etiology. Implications: Understanding the distinct cytopenic features in liver cirrhosis patients with HBV and HCV may guide more tailored clinical management strategies and improve patient outcomes by addressing the unique hematological challenges associated with each viral infection
YOUNG FARMER MOVEMENT OF MUHAMMADIYAH SIDOARJO BY HYDROPONIC URBAN FARMING
Authors: Miftakhurrohmat A. , Abror M. , Prihatiningrum Andriani Eko
Published: December 2024

Young Farmer Movement of Muhammadiyah is under The head of the Muhammadiyah student association is in the Candi sub-district area of Sidoarjo regency which is a densely populated area and agricultural land turned into buildings and buildings. Agricultural activities must run even though environmental conditions are less supportive. The Muhammadiyah Student Association must start knowing, knowing, practicing and ready to become a cadre of young farmers because as a young cadre of Muhammadiyah at the forefront of the Muhammadiyah organization. The purpose of dedication is to introduce and practice hydroponic urban farming to harvest, post-harvest and product marketing. The basic problems for partners are: Lack of knowledge about the use of narrow land for hydroponic cultivation, manufacturing Nutrition and product marketing. The implementation methods used include counseling, training and practice as well as facilitation of supporting materials. Cultivation technology applied in yard utilization, namely hydroponics, making AB MIX nutrients and product marketing. The implementation of this service was attended by 25 teenagers who joined the Young Farmers of Muhammadiyah under the auspices of IPM Sidoarjo Candi.