bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping Seasonal High-Resolution PM2.5 Concentrations with Spatiotemporal Bagged-Tree Model across China
Authors: He Junchen , Jin Zhili , Wang Wei , Zhang Yixiao
Published: October 2021

High concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are well known to reduce environmental quality, visibility, atmospheric radiation, and damage the human respiratory system. Satellite-based aerosol retrievals are widely used to estimate surface PM2.5 levels because satellite remote sensing can break through the spatial limitations caused by sparse observation stations. In this work, a spatiotemporal weighted bagged-tree remote sensing (STBT) model that simultaneously considers the effects of aerosol optical depth, meteorological parameters, and topographic factors was proposed to map PM2.5 concentrations across China that occurred in 2018. The proposed model shows superior performance with the determination coefficient (R2) of 0.84, mean-absolute error (MAE) of 8.77 μg/m3 and root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 15.14 μg/m3 when compared with the traditional multiple linear regression (R2 = 0.38, MAE = 18.15 μg/m3, RMSE = 29.06 μg/m3) and linear mixed-effect (R2 = 0.52, MAE = 15.43 μg/m3, RMSE = 25.41 μg/m3) models by the 10-fold cross-validation method. The results collectively demonstrate the superiority of the STBT model to other models for PM2.5 concentration monitoring. Thus, this method may provide important data support for atmospheric environmental monitoring and epidemiological research.
Differential Transcriptional Regulation of Polymorphic p53 Codon 72 in Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Kim Bu-Yeo , Lee Seo-Young , Chung Sun-Ku
Published: October 2021

p53 is a transcription factor that is activated under DNA damage stress and regulates the expression of proapoptotic genes including the expression of growth arrest genes to subsequently determine the fate of cells. To investigate the functional differences of polymorphic p53 codon 72, we constructed isogenic lines encoding each polymorphic p53 codon 72 based on induced pluripotent stem cells, which can endogenously express each polymorphic p53 protein only, encoding either the arginine 72 (R72) variant or proline 72 (P72) variant, respectively. We found that there was no significant functional difference between P72 and R72 cells in growth arrest or apoptosis as a representative function of p53. In the comprehensive analysis, the expression pattern of the common p53 target genes, including cell cycle arrest or apoptosis, was also increased regardless of the polymorphic p53 codon 72 status, whereas the expression pattern involved in metabolism was decreased and more significant in R72 than in P72 cells. This study noted that polymorphic p53 codon 72 differentially regulated the functional categories of metabolism and not the pathways that determine cell fate, such as growth arrest and apoptosis in cells exposed to genotoxic stress.
Influence of Microclimate Factors on Halyomorpha halys Dehydration
Authors: Grisafi Francesca , Papa Giulia , Barbato Mario , Tombesi Sergio , Negri Ilaria
Published: October 2021

Understanding the interaction between insects and microclimate can be essential in order to plan informed and efficient treatments against agricultural pests. Microclimatic factors such as humidity and temperature can influence the population dynamics of the invasive agricultural pest Halyomorpha halys, the brown marmorated stink bug. The aim of this work was to evaluate the level of transpiration of H. halys in dry, normal and humid microclimates according to the sex, physiological conditions and developmental stage of individuals. Water loss during diapause and the effect of population density on insects’ transpiration were also assessed, as were the nutritional preferences of adults upon exiting diapause. Our data demonstrate that microclimatic conditions significantly influence the transpiration of this pest species. The effect of sex and feeding status on insects’ water loss is marked, while population density does not influence water loss in diapausing individuals. The first nutritional need of the overwintering generations is represented by hydration, likely due to the water loss during diapause.
Aposematic Coloration of Moths Decreases Strongly along an Elevational Gradient in the Andes
Authors: Fiedler Konrad , Brehm Gunnar
Published: October 2021

On tropical mountains, predation pressure decreases with elevation. Accordingly, one expects an elevational decay in the prevalence of costly defensive traits such as aposematic coloration. Using light-trap catches of Arctiinae moths (353 species, 4466 individuals), assembled along a forested gradient in the megadiverse tropical Andes of southern Ecuador, we show that the incidence of aposematic coloration decreases strongly between 1040 and 2670 m asl. While over 60% of Arctiinae moths were warningly colored at lowest sites, this fraction decreased to less than 20% in montane forest, yet increased slightly again at the highest sites in the very open Purdiaea nutans forest. In parallel, the incidence of hymenopteran mimics and of species that mimic chemically defended beetles decreased with elevation. Hymenopteran mimics accounted for less than 5% of Arctiinae moths at sites above 2100 m, and beetle mimics were essentially lacking at high elevations. These patterns coincide with a change in gross taxonomic composition of Arctiinae ensembles and with an increase in average body size towards higher elevations. Representatives of Euchromiina and Ctenuchina became scarce with altitude, whereas the prevalence of Lithosiinae increased. Our findings suggest that the variable selective pressures along the elevational gradient favor warning coloration primarily at lower sites, whereas cryptic appearance of adult moths dominates in the tropical upper montane forest.
Pheromone-Mediated Mating Disruption as Management Option for Cydia spp. in Chestnut Orchard
Authors: Ferracini Chiara , Pogolotti Cristina , Rama Franco , Lentini Giada , Saitta Valerio , Mereghetti Pierangelo , Mancardi Paolo , Alma Alberto
Published: October 2021

(1) Background: Pheromone-based devices are successfully used to control insect pests in agriculture. (2) Methods: Investigations were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mating disruption (MD) to control the chestnut tortrix moths, Cydia fagiglandana and Cydia splendana. Surveys were performed in northern Italy in 2019–2020. MD was carried out using the pheromone dispenser Ecodian® CT. The effectiveness of MD was assessed by recording male adult catches in pheromone-baited sticky traps and larvae in chestnut fruits, comparing MD and control plots. (3) Results: The total number of trapped males was significantly lower in MD plots than in control ones, for all sites and years. Trap catch suppression in MD plots averaged 89.5% and 93.8% for C. fagiglandana and 57.4% and 81% for C. splendana in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The larval infestation rate in fruits did not vary between plots except for one site where a reduction of about 71% in the MD plot was recorded in 2019. (4) Conclusions: Low catches in MD plots turned out to be a good measure of the effectiveness of communication disruption, but no satisfactory data have been obtained regarding fruit infestation, highlighting how the reduction of male catches cannot always be considered as a reliable indicator of successful control. Specific investigations about background population density, dispersal and mating/oviposition behavior are thus essential for a viable management strategy.
First Report of the Larch Longhorn (Tetropium gabrieli Weise, Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Spondylidinae) on Larix spp. in Lithuania
Authors: Lynikienė Jūratė , Tamutis Vytautas , Gedminas Artūras , Marčiulynas Adas , Menkis Audrius
Published: October 2021

Tetropium gabrieli is known to be native to the Alps in Europe where it breeds in European larch (Larix decidua), but it has spread to other areas and was reported in Poland, Sweden, Denmark and Belorussia. Although T. gabrieli is considered an important secondary pest of Larix spp., it can be particularly harmful to trees subjected to abiotic stress. Here we report that in Lithuania, T. gabrieli was for the first time captured in 2019 using sticky traps attached to Larix spp. trees. Two adult beetles were trapped at two different sites in central Lithuania, and this was in the period between 10th of May and 5th of June. Regarding potential threats caused by this insect pest, this new finding requires special attention, particularly on its biology, ecology, and local distribution.
Neurogranin and Neuronal Pentraxin Receptor as Synaptic Dysfunction Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Dulewicz Maciej , Kulczyńska-Przybik Agnieszka , Słowik Agnieszka , Borawska Renata , Mroczko Barbara
Published: October 2021

Synaptic loss and dysfunction are one of the earliest signs of neurodegeneration associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It seems that by assessing proteins related to synapses, one may reflect their dysfunction and improve the understanding of neurobiological processes in the early stage of the disease. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that analyzes the CSF concentrations of two synaptic proteins together, such as neurogranin (Ng) and neuronal pentraxins receptor (NPTXR) in relation to neurochemical dementia biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: Ng, NPTXR and classical AD biomarkers concentrations were measured in the CSF of patients with AD and non-demented controls (CTRL) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Luminex xMAP technology. Results: The CSF level of Ng was significantly higher, whereas the NPTXR was significantly lower in the AD patients than in cognitively healthy controls. As a first, we calculated the NPTXR/Ng ratio as an indicator of synaptic disturbance. The patients with AD presented a significantly decreased NPTXR/Ng ratio. The correlation was observed between both proteins in the AD and the whole study group. Furthermore, the relationship between the Ng level and pTau181 was found in the AD group of patients. Conclusions: The Ng and NPTXR concentrations in CSF are promising synaptic dysfunction biomarkers reflecting pathological changes in AD.
B-Cell-Depleting Therapy Improves Myocarditis in Seronegative Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Wang Chrong-Reen , Tsai Yi-Shan , Tsai Hung-Wen , Lee Cheng-Han
Published: October 2021

Cardiac involvement is a major mortality cause in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), requiring novel therapeutics to spare the use of cyclophosphamide with known cardiotoxicity. Despite the observed efficacy of B-cell-depleting therapy in myocarditis of seropositive microscopic polyangiitis, it remains to be elucidated in seronegative EGPA. A retrospective study was performed in 21 hospitalized active patients aged 20 to 70 years with five-factor score 1 or 2, eosinophil counts 10,034 ± 6641/μL and vasculitis scores 27 ± 6. Overt myocarditis was identified in 10 cases, at disease onset in 6 and relapse in 4, with endomyocarditis in 4 and myopericarditis in 4. Five seronegative and one seropositive patient received rituximab with an induction regimen 375 mg/m2 weekly × 4 for refractory or relapse disease, and the same regimen for annual maintenance therapy. All cases had lower eosinophil counts, improved cardiac dysfunction and clinical remission with a relapse-free follow-up, 48 ± 15 months after the induction treatment. One seronegative endomyocarditis patient had eosinophilia and disease relapse with asthma attack and worsening cardiac insufficiency 24 months after induction, achieving clinical remission under anti-IL-5 therapy. Our findings suggest the suppression of IL-5-mediated eosinophilia as an action mechanism of B-cell-depleting therapy in seronegative EGPA myocarditis.
Combined Anticoagulation and Antiaggregation in Acute Cervical Artery Dissection
Authors: von Gottberg Philipp , Hellstern Victoria , Wendl Christina , Wolf Marc E. , Niehaus Ludwig , Bäzner Hansjörg , Henkes Hans
Published: October 2021

Cervical artery dissection (CAD) is a frequent cause of stroke in young adults. Previous studies investigating the efficiency of anticoagulation (AC) versus antiplatelet therapy (AT) found an insignificant difference. We therefore retrospectively evaluated a combination of AC plus AT in patients with acute CAD regarding safety and efficacy. Twenty-eight patients with CAD and minor neurological symptoms/no major infarction received either single (n = 14) or dual AT (n = 14) combined with AC. Angiographic follow-up during hospitalization, 4-8 weeks and 3–6 months after CAD focused on occlusion, residual stenosis, and functional recanalization. Possible adverse events were surveyed. We compared the AC plus AT group to 22 patients with acute CAD treated with AC or AT. Compared to preceding AC-/AT-only studies, AC plus single or dual AT resulted in more frequent, faster recanalization. Frequency and severity of adverse events was comparable. No major adverse events or death occurred. Preceding works on conservative treatment of CAD are discussed and compared to this study. Considerations are given to pathophysiology and the dynamic of CAD. Combining AC plus AT in CAD may result in more reliable recanalization in a shorter time. The risk for adverse events appears similar to treatment with only AC or AT.
Regulatory T-Cells and Multiple Myeloma: Implications in Tumor Immune Biology and Treatment
Authors: Hadjiaggelidou Christina , Katodritou Eirini
Published: October 2021

Multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with both cellular and humoral immune deficiencies and, despite significant advances in treatment, remains an incurable disease. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) represent a critical subset of CD4 T-cells, characterized by CD4 + CD25+ Forkhead box P3+ (FoxP3+) phenotype, able to control peripheral tolerance and responses to foreign and tumor antigens. Tregs are elevated in various types of cancer, including hematological malignancies; in MM, data regarding Tregs function and numbers and their correlation with survival parameters are controversial. Advances in cancer biology have shown that the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor progression. In MM, the highly immunosuppressive nature of the bone marrow microenvironment has been significantly elucidated in the past decade and it is now well acknowledged that targeting only the tumor clone may not be able to cure MM. Tregs within the tumor microenvironment might play a significant role in the suppression of antitumor immune responses against cancer cells and are considered to predict poor outcome in cancer patients; nonetheless the exact prognostic significance of this cell subpopulation in malignancies is still a matter of debate. In this review, we discuss the role of Tregs as an essential cell population of the MM immune microenvironment.
Patient-Centered Treatment Outcomes with Full-Arch PEEK Rehabilitation Supported on Four Immediate or Conventionally Loaded Implants. A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Montero Javier , Guadilla Yasmina , Flores Javier , Pardal-Peláez Beatriz , Quispe-López Norberto , Gómez-Polo Cristina , Dib Abraham
Published: October 2021

This study aims to assess the treatment outcomes (functional and subjective) of full-arch fixed hybrid rehabilitations made of PEEK (poly-ether-ether-ketone) with milled crowns of nano-filled composite (NFC) supported on four to six implants. In this randomized clinical trial, 34 edentate patients in the upper and/or the lower jaws were treated with the fixed hybrid dentures. In 16 patients (47.1% of the sample), the implants were loaded immediately (IL) by means of a provisional fixed rehabilitation made of PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) screwed on Multi-Unit (MU) abutments connected after emplacement of the implant; however, in the counterparts (n = 18) these MU abutments were covered by healing caps and were left unloaded during two months (conventional loading protocol—CL), when all patients received a fixed hybrid PEEK-NFC rehabilitation on the upper and/or the lower jaw. Treatment outcomes were assessed 12 months after prostheses delivery. Functional outcomes were calculated according to masticatory performance, estimated by mixing ability tests of two colored chewing gums after ten chewing strokes, by the occlusal force/area recorded by pressure-sensitive sheets, and by electromyography of masseters and temporal muscles at maximum biteforce. The subjective outcomes of the treatment were assessed using both the oral satisfaction scale (visual analog scale) and the Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-20). The findings of the present study showed that treatment with fixed PEEK-NFC hybrid prostheses significantly improved the masticatory performance, bite force, occlusal pattern, quality of life, and satisfaction, with the IL group being those with significantly higher occlusal bite forces and greater satisfaction in comparison with CL group. It should be concluded that PEEK-NFC hybrid prostheses can improve several patient-centered outcomes and that loading protocol significantly affects the patient’s self-rated satisfaction.
Prognostic Performance of Existing Scoring Systems among Critically Ill Patients Requiring Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: An Observational Study
Authors: Yen Chieh-Li , Fan Pei-Chun , Kuo George , Lee Cheng-Chia , Chen Jia-Jin , Lee Tao-Han , Tu Yi-Ran , Hsu Hsiang-Hao , Tian Ya-Chung , Chang Chih-Hsiang
Published: October 2021

Background: Among critical patients, few studies have evaluated the discrimination of current illness scoring systems in predicting outcomes after continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) initiation. Methods: Patients receiving CRRT in the ICU between 2005 and 2018 from the Chang Gung Research Database were extracted. All the components of the Acute Physiology Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), qSOFA, and MOSAIC scoring systems on days 1, 3, and 7 of CRRT were recorded. Patients older than 80 years were identified and analyzed separately. Results: We identified 3370 adult patients for analysis. The discrimination ability of the scoring systems was acceptable at day 7 after CRRT initiation, including SOFA (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 74.1% (95% confidence interval, 71.7–76.5%)), APACHEIII (74.7% (72.3–77.1%)), and MOSAIC (71.3% (68.8%–73.9%)). These systems were not ideal on days 1 and 3, and that of qSOFA was poor at any time point. The discrimination performance was slightly better among patients ≥80 years. Conclusions: APACHE III, MOSAIC, and SOFA can be intensivists and families’ reference to make their decision of withdrawing or withholding CRRT after a short period of treatment, especially in adults ≥80 years old.
Current State of the Art and Prospects of T Cell-Redirecting Bispecific Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Hosny Mashhour , Verkleij Christie P. M. , van der Schans Jort , Frerichs Kristine A. , Mutis Tuna , Zweegman Sonja , van de Donk Niels W. C. J.
Published: October 2021

Multiple myeloma (MM) patients eventually develop multi-drug-resistant disease with poor survival. Hence, the development of novel treatment strategies is of great importance. Recently, different classes of immunotherapeutic agents have shown great promise in heavily pre-treated MM, including T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). These BsAbs simultaneously interact with CD3 on effector T cells and a tumor-associated antigen on MM cells, resulting in redirection of T cells to MM cells. This leads to the formation of an immunologic synapse, the release of granzymes/perforins, and subsequent tumor cell lysis. Several ongoing phase 1 studies show substantial activity and a favorable toxicity profile with BCMA-, GPRC5D-, or FcRH5-targeting BsAbs in heavily pre-treated MM patients. Resistance mechanisms against BsAbs include tumor-related features, T cell characteristics, and impact of components of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Various clinical trials are currently evaluating combination therapy with a BsAb and another agent, such as a CD38-targeting antibody or an immunomodulatory drug (e.g., pomalidomide), to further improve response depth and duration. Additionally, the combination of two BsAbs, simultaneously targeting two different antigens to prevent antigen escape, is being explored in clinical studies. The evaluation of BsAbs in earlier lines of therapy, including newly diagnosed MM, is warranted, based on the efficacy of BsAbs in advanced MM.
Ampicillin Plus Ceftriaxone Regimen against Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis: A Literature Review
Authors: Marino Andrea , Munafò Antonio , Zagami Aldo , Ceccarelli Manuela , Di Mauro Rosaria , Cantarella Giuseppina , Bernardini Renato , Nunnari Giuseppe , Cacopardo Bruno
Published: October 2021

Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) continues to represent a potentially fatal infectious disease characterized by elevated morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in antimicrobial therapy, changing demographics and the reduced availability of useful antibiotics combined with the dissemination of multi-drug resistant strains, the mortality rate remained unchanged in the last decades. Nowadays, optimizing the antibiotic regimen is still of paramount importance. Historically, aminoglycosides were considered as a cornerstone for treatment even though their use is associated with a high risk of kidney failure. It is against this background that, in recent years, several studies have been carried in order to assess the validity of alternative therapeutic approaches, including combinations of beta-lactams, that, acting synergistically, have yielded useful results in different clinical settings. In this scenario, we searched and critically report clinical studies assessing the efficacy and safety of double beta-lactam therapy in treating EFIE.
Efficacy of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Systemic Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Łądkowska Joanna , Gawęcki Maciej , Szołkiewicz Marek
Published: October 2021

This study evaluates whether the presence of cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) affects functional and morphological responses to anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Retrospective analysis included 98 treatment-naïve eyes followed for at least 12 months. Patients received intravitreal injections of ranibizumab or aflibercept with the dosage and regimen set according to each manufacturer’s recommendations for their product. Parameters evaluated at each follow-up visit included best-corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness. Additionally, the presence of the following CRFs was evaluated: male sex, age of older than 70 years, history of current or past smoking, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, total hypercholesterolemia, low-density lipoprotein hypercholesterolemia, high-density lipoprotein concentration of 45 mg/dL or less, atherogenic dyslipidemia, family history of cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. A statistically significant better letter gain in visual acuity (p = 0.012) and greater percentage of responders (p = 0.035)—that is patients in whom best corrected visual acuity was stabilized or improved at 12 months—were noted among patients without a diagnosis of arterial hypertension. A statistically significant better mean visual improvement was also achieved in patients with higher total cholesterol plasma levels (p = 0.004), but this finding was not reflected in the significantly higher percentage of responders. The presence of remaining analyzed risk factors did not substantially affect the results of treatment. Systemic arterial hypertension is an independent factor leading to a poor functional outcome following anti-VEGF therapy in patients with nAMD. Effects of anti-VEGF treatment in patients with high total cholesterol levels should be analyzed in further research.
Long-Term Impact of Economic Downturn and Loneliness on Psychological Distress: Triple Crises of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Liu Shuyan , Haucke Matthias N. , Heinzel Stephan , Heinz Andreas
Published: October 2021

Background: The COVID-19 crisis poses global mental health and global economy challenges. However, there is a lack of longitudinal research investigating whether financial instability and social disruption may increase the risk of developing mental health problems over time that may potentially outlast the pandemic. Methods: We conducted an online survey for members of the general population (n = 2703) in Germany during the twelve months spanning from April 2020 to March 2021. We investigated the development of COVID-19 related psychological distress, the number of unemployed people, federal government debt, income distribution, and loneliness over the time period. Results: Over a period of twelve months, 53.6% of respondents in Germany reported experiencing psychological distress, varying from mild levels, 34.2%, to severe levels, 19.4%, of distress. High federal government debt, high incident COVID-19 cases, low incomes, and the prevalence of loneliness were found to be associated with increased long-term mental health problems. Psychological distress scores were most strongly increased in female and young respondents as well as those who reported fewer years of education, low income, and higher loneliness. Conclusions: Our study highlights factors that have a long-term impact on mental health amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We suggest that specific mental-health services could be offered to support high-risk groups experiencing financial fragility and loneliness. For purposes of safeguarding their mental health there is a need to monitor and track such risk factors in real time.
MRI Protocol for Pituitary Assessment in Children with Growth or Puberty Disorders—Is Gadolinium Contrast Administration Actually Needed?
Authors: Michali-Stolarska Marta , Tukiendorf Andrzej , Zacharzewska-Gondek Anna , Jacków-Nowicka Jagoda , Chrzanowska Joanna , Trybek Grzegorz , Bladowska Joanna
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of non-contrast pituitary MRI in children with growth or puberty disorders (GPDs) and to determine the criteria indicating the necessity to perform post-contrast examination. A retrospective study included re-analysis of 567 contrast-enhanced pituitary MRIs of children treated in a tertiary reference center. Two sets of sequences were created from each MRI examination: Set 1, including common sequences without contrast administration, and Set 2, which included common pre- and post-contrast sequences (conventional MRI examination). The differences in the visibility of pituitary lesions between pairs of sets were statistically analyzed. The overall frequency of Rathke’s cleft cysts was 11.6%, ectopic posterior pituitary 3.5%, and microadenomas 0.9%. Lesions visible without contrast administration accounted for 85% of cases. Lesions not visible before and diagnosed only after contrast injection accounted for only 0.18% of all patients. Statistical analysis showed the advantage of the antero-posterior (AP) pituitary dimension over the other criteria in determining the appropriateness of using contrast in pituitary MRIs. The AP dimension was the most significant factor in logistic regression analysis: OR = 2.23, 95% CI, 1.35–3.71, p-value = 0.002, and in ROC analysis: AUC: 72.9% with a cut-off value of 7.5 mm, with sensitivity/specificity rates of 69.2%/73.5%. In most cases, the use of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) in pituitary MRI in children with GPD is unnecessary. The advantages of GBCA omission include shortening the time of MRI examination and of general anesthesia; saving time for other examinations, thus increasing the availability of MRI for waiting children; and acceleration in their further clinical management.
A Data-Centric Augmentation Approach for Disturbed Sensor Image Segmentation
Authors: Roth Andreas , Wüstefeld Konstantin , Weichert Frank
Published: October 2021

In the context of sensor-based data analysis, the compensation of image artifacts is a challenge. When the structures of interest are not clearly visible in an image, algorithms that can cope with artifacts are crucial for obtaining the desired information. Thereby, the high variation of artifacts, the combination of different types of artifacts, and their similarity to signals of interest are specific issues that have to be considered in the analysis. Despite the high generalization capability of deep learning-based approaches, their recent success was driven by the availability of large amounts of labeled data. Therefore, the provision of comprehensive labeled image data with different characteristics of image artifacts is of importance. At the same time, applying deep neural networks to problems with low availability of labeled data remains a challenge. This work presents a data-centric augmentation approach based on generative adversarial networks that augments the existing labeled data with synthetic artifacts generated from data not present in the training set. In our experiments, this augmentation leads to a more robust generalization in segmentation. Our method does not need additional labeling and does not lead to additional memory or time consumption during inference. Further, we find it to be more effective than comparable augmentations based on procedurally generated artifacts and the direct use of real artifacts. Building upon the improved segmentation results, we observe that our approach leads to improvements of 22% in the F1-score for an evaluated detection problem. Having achieved these results with an example sensor, we expect increased robustness against artifacts in future applications.
Unravelling Anti-Melanogenic Potency of Edible Mushrooms Laetiporus sulphureus and Agaricus silvaticus In Vivo Using the Zebrafish Model
Authors: Pavic Aleksandar , Ilic-Tomic Tatjana , Glamočlija Jasmina
Published: October 2021

Severe drawbacks associated with the topical use of depigmenting agents in treatments of skin hyperigmentations impose a great demand for novel, effective, and safe melanogenesis inhibitors. Edible and medicinal mushrooms, known for numerous health-promoting properties, represent a rich reservoir of anti-melanogenic compounds, with the potential to be applied in preventing excessive skin pigmentation. Herein, using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a preclinical animal model, we have demonstrated that ethanol extract of Laetiporus sulphureus (LSE) and Agaricus silvaticus (ASE) are not toxic at high doses up to 400–500 µg/mL while effectively inhibit melanogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. At depigmenting doses, the explored extracts showed no adverse effects on zebrafish embryos melanocytes. Even more, they did not provoke inflammation or neutropenia when applied at the highest dose ensuring almost complete the cells depigmentation. Since LSE and ASE have demonstrated significantly higher the therapeutic potential than kojic acid and hydroquinone, two well-known depigmenting agents, overall results of this study strongly suggest that the explored mushrooms extracts could be used as efficient and safe topical agents in treatments of skin hyperpigmentation disorders.
Genomic Studies of White-Rot Fungus Cerrena unicolor SP02 Provide Insights into Food Safety Value-Added Utilization of Non-Food Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: Zhang Zichen , Shah Aabid Manzoor , Mohamed Hassan , Zhang Yao , Tsiklauri Nino , Song Yuanda
Published: October 2021

Cerrena unicolor is an ecologically and biotechnologically important wood-degrading basidiomycete with high lignocellulose degrading ability. Biological and genetic investigations are limited in the Cerrena genus and, thus, hinder genetic modification and commercial use. The aim of the present study was to provide a global understanding through genomic and experimental research about lignocellulosic biomass utilization by Cerrena unicolor. In this study, we reported the genome sequence of C. unicolor SP02 by using the Illumina and PacBio 20 platforms to obtain trustworthy assembly and annotation. This is the combinational 2nd and 3rd genome sequencing and assembly of C. unicolor species. The generated genome was 42.79 Mb in size with an N50 contig size of 2.48 Mb, a G + C content of 47.43%, and encoding of 12,277 predicted genes. The genes encoding various lignocellulolytic enzymes including laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, cytochromes P450, cellulase, xylanase, α-amylase, and pectinase involved in the degradation of lignin, cellulose, xylan, starch, pectin, and chitin that showed the C. unicolor SP02 potentially have a wide range of applications in lignocellulosic biomass conversion. Genome-scale metabolic analysis opened up a valuable resource for a better understanding of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and oxidoreductases that provide insights into the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms for lignocellulosic degradation. The C. unicolor SP02 model can be used for the development of efficient microbial cell factories in lignocellulosic industries. The understanding of the genetic material of C. unicolor SP02 coding for the lignocellulolytic enzymes will significantly benefit us in genetic manipulation, site-directed mutagenesis, and industrial biotechnology.
Engaging Patients with Late-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Shared Decision Making about Treatment
Authors: Myers Ronald E. , Advani Shailesh M. , Myers Pamela , Selvan Preethi , Garber Gregory , Worster Brooke , Flomenberg Neal , Chapman Andrew , Zinner Ralph
Published: October 2021

Few treatment decision support interventions (DSIs) are available to engage patients diagnosed with late-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in treatment shared decision making (SDM). We designed a novel DSI that includes care plan cards and a companion patient preference clarification tool to assist in shared decision making. The cards answer common patient questions about treatment options (chemotherapy, chemotherapy plus immunotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, clinical trial participation, and supportive care). The form elicits patient treatment preference. We then conducted interviews with clinicians and patients to obtain feedback on the DSI. We also trained oncology nurse educators to implement the prototype. Finally, we pilot tested the DSI among five patients with NSCLC at the beginning of an office visit scheduled to discuss treatment with an oncologist. Analyses of pilot study baseline and exit survey data showed that DSI use was associated with increased patient awareness of the alternatives’ treatment options and benefits/risks. In contrast, patient concern about treatment costs and uncertainty in treatment decision making decreased. All patients expressed a treatment preference. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to assess DSI implementation feasibility and efficacy in clinical care.
New Thoracotomy Closure, a Simple Way to Decrease Chronic Post-Operative Pain in Selected Patients—Blinded Prospective Study
Authors: Petrache Ioan Adrian , Oancea Cristian , Hasan Elisei Moise , Neagoe Octavian Constantin , Tudorache Emanuela , Ionica Mihaela , Burlacu Ovidiu Nicolae
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Chronic post-thoracotomy pain syndrome (PTPS) is a very common and uncomfortable complication, occurring frequently after thoracic operations, leading to the necessity of further medication and hospitalizations. One important risk factor in developing chronic pain is the chest closure technique, which can lead to chronic intercostal nerve damage. This study proposes an alternative nerve-sparring closure technique to standard peri-costal sutures, aimed toward minimizing the risk of chronic pain in selected patients. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective randomized study on 311 patients operated for various thoracic pathology over a period of 12 months, evaluating incision types, chest closure technique, and number of drains with drainage duration. The patients were divided into three groups: peri-costal (PC), proposed extra-costal (EC), and simple (SC) suture, respectively. Pain was measured on day 1, 2, 5, 7, and at 6 months post-operatively using the Visual Analogic Scale. Results: No significant differences in pain level were recorded in the first two post-operative days between the PC and EC groups. However, a significant decrease in pain level was observed on day 5 and at 6 months post-operatively, with a mean level of 3.5 ± 1.8, 1.2 ± 1 for the EC group compared to a mean value of 5.3 ± 1.6, 3.2 ± 1.5, respectively. No significant differences were observed regarding other evaluated variables. Conclusions: The lower recorded pain scores in patients with extra-costal chest closure are a strong argument to use this technique. Its ease of use is similar to the classic peri-costal closure, and the time needed to perform it is not significantly increased. The association of this technique with less invasive procedures and short drainage duration limits chronic post-operative pain. This procedure may represent an option for decreasing healthcare costs associated with the management of PTPS.
Multiscale Decomposition and Spectral Analysis of Sector ETF Price Dynamics
Authors: Leung Tim , Zhao Theodore
Published: October 2021

We present a multiscale analysis of the price dynamics of U.S. sector exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Our methodology features a multiscale noise-assisted approach, called the complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD), that decomposes any financial time series into a number of intrinsic mode functions from high to low frequencies. By combining high-frequency modes or low-frequency modes, we show how to filter the financial time series and estimate conditional volatilities. The results show the different dynamics of the sector ETFs on multiple timescales. We then apply Hilbert spectral analysis to derive the instantaneous energy-frequency spectrum of each sector ETF. Using historical ETF prices, we illustrate and compare the properties of various timescales embedded in the original time series. Through the new metrics of the Hilbert power spectrum and frequency deviation, we are able to identify differences among sector ETF and with respect to SPY that were not obvious before.
Cost–Benefit Analysis in the Evaluation of Cultural Heritage Project Funding
Authors: Tišma Sanja , Mileusnić Škrtić Mira , Maleković Sanja , Jelinčić Daniela Angelina
Published: October 2021

Cultural heritage has, for a long time, been considered a source of wealth and well-being for economies. Currently, considerable investments have been allocated for its renewal and maintenance that often surpass the budgets of owners, local communities, and other interested users. Cultural heritage valorisation is expensive and is a great economic challenge. Infrastructural investment, i.e., conservation and restoration, are just one part of the total costs of cultural heritage preservation, while other investments relate to regular operation and maintenance. One of the most difficult decisions for those who design the cultural heritage restoration projects is how to finance them, i.e., what the most efficient financial instruments are for renewal of cultural heritage. These assumptions have instigated interest in the evaluation of services resulting from common good functions of cultural heritage, such as economic, educational, historical, technological, ecological, and climate, as well as tourism and recreational. Therefore, this article starts from the analysis of potential funding sources for cultural heritage through the European Union (EU) funds; a method of economic evaluation of the return on investments and cost–benefit analysis is suggested as a method that should be used in decision making on these interventions.
Spatiotemporal Differentiation of the School-Age Migrant Population in Liaoning Province, China, and Its Driving Factors
Authors: Xu Wenwen , Song Chunrui , Sun Dongqi , Yu Baochu
Published: October 2021

This study analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution and driving factors of the floating school-age population in Liaoning Province, China from 2008 to 2020 using county-level statistical education data combined with spatial autocorrelation and the multiscale geographically weighted regression model. The major findings are as follows. From 2008 to 2020, the distribution of the school-age migrant population exhibited obvious spatial imbalance characteristics both in terms of the number and proportion of school-age migrants. Specifically, the school-age migrant population was concentrated in the municipal districts of large and medium-sized cities and continued to increase over time in the suburbs of large and medium-sized cities. Over the past 12 years, the distribution of the school-age migrant population in Liaoning Province exhibited significant spatial autocorrelation. From the number of school-age migrants, the cold and hot spot area expanded. Conversely, from the proportion of school-age migrants, the cold and hot spot area decreased gradually, whereas the cold spot area became more diffuse. Regarding the driving factors, the quantity and quality of teaching staff, the quality of teaching equipment and conditions, and the quality of the education environment played a role in promoting or restraining the differentiation of the school-age migrant population in Liaoning Province. Moreover, the degree of influence of the driving factors exhibited substantial spatial differences.
“Reading mysterious Chersonesos writings”. Interactive excursion-play around cultural heritage objects of Byzantine Chersonesos (part 1)
Authors: Dmitrieva L.V.
Published: October 2021

The proposed scenario of the interactive excursion-performance is designed for a children's audience of 9–11 years. The route is planned as a tour of the historical and cultural space, and reinvigoration of this Byzantine city. Thus, the excursion content is realized by means of a visual and associative consequence connected with the places of interests artistic artifacts: Christian character images reveal the world views of the medieval culture. The project is part of the academic partnership program of the Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen with the historical and archaeological museum-reserve “Chersonesos Tauric” and is implemented during visiting summer practices of bachelors of the Department of Theory and History of Culture.
New stylistic discoveries “Fluid Fusion” and “Flowinggraphics” in the works of the duet of artists Alexei and Irina Polyakov
Authors: Ginzburg G.N.
Published: October 2021

In the world history of art, various graphic techniques for making and printing works of art have had their own names: etching, woodcut, linocut, lithography, etc. The new definitions of the 21st century sound quite reasonable: “Flowinggraphics” and “Fluid Fusion”, based on technological and chemical discoveries work with acrylic paints. The purpose of my article is to acquaint the art community with new techniques and terms.

English version of the article on pp. 756-760 is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/fluid-fusion-and-flowing-graphics-new-stylistic-descoveries-in-the-works-of-the-duet-of-artists-alexey-and-irina-polyakov/70067.html
Integration of new trends in musicology as a way to reform the children's art school
Authors: Zhurova E.B.
Published: October 2021

The paper discusses ways of solving the problem of fragmentation of the educational process in the modern Children's School of Arts due to subject segregation. The author proposes ways to solve this problem by implementing the principles of integration in the context of mastering the innovative course “Musical content”. The technologies of a holistic integrative approach have been developed, combining the cycle of theoretical disciplines with each other, as well as with performing and artistic specialties.
The concept of “theater” in foreign legislation
Authors: Ponkin I.V.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to issues related to the legal regulation of theaters and theatrical activities. The article contains a selection of definitions of the concepts of “theater” and “theatrical activity”, enshrined in the laws of a number of foreign states.
Achados neuropatológicos da Covid-19: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Ferreira Qesya Rodrigues , Costa Bruna Teixeira da , Mendes Marcelle Machado , Cavalcanti Vinicius Nogueira , Santos Alberto Christian Luz , Araújo David Manoel Pereira , Oliveira Patrícia da Silva
Published: October 2021

Introdução. A doença causada pelo Sars-Cov-2, Covid-19, foi identificada pela primeira vez na China e apresentou rápida expansão mundial, sendo reconhecida como pandemia em março de 2020. Apesar de causar uma infecção de vias aéreas, descobertas clínicas recentes e estudos com animais sugerem que o vírus também promove vias neuronais notáveis e comprometimentos do sistema circulatório, levando a lesões no sistema nervoso central. Objetivo. Coletar e analisar os dados publicados entre 2019 e 2020 a respeito de lesões encontradas no sistema nervoso a partir de estudos de necrópsia e de imagem realizados em seres humanos. Método. Uma busca sistemática foi feita nas bases de dados PubMed e Science Direct utilizando os descritores “COVID-19” OU “SARS-CoV-2” OU “Coronavirus” AND “Central Nervous System” OU “Brain” AND “Autopsy” OR “RMI”. Foram incluídos estudos originais primários, publicados entre 2019 e 2020. Foram excluídos estudos realizados em animais, casos não comprovados de contaminação por COVID-19 e estudos in vitro. Resultados. Os principais achados desta revisão sistemática apontam para causas imunológicas, inflamatórias e infecciosas. Hemorragia intracranial e intracerebral e Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) isquêmico foram os principais eventos relatados, sendo que o AVC relacionado a Covid-19 tende a ser mais grave do que outras causas. Conclusão. Embora os dados científicos ainda sejam escassos para explicar as vias de dano do SARS-CoV-2 no sistema nervoso central, as evidências disponíveis sugerem uma correlação entre COVID-19 e complicações neurológicas em alguns pacientes.
Effects of Therapeutic Exercises on Some Selected Drugs
Authors: Onigbinde Ayodele Teslim , Oyerinde O , Talabi E , Ibiyemi O O , Ogunsakini E A , Adesoye A A , Sheru R A , Oniyangi S O , Orijajogun O O
Published: October 2021

Therapeutic exercise is not just an exercise, it is a structured and dosage specific physical activity. Exercise is being used simultaneously with drugs and it has been observed to have influence on the pharmacokinetic of drugs. Similarly, most individual utilizes both exercise and drugs to maintain good health and physical fitness. Exercises and drugs play important roles in control of pain, obesity, weakness, protection against degenerative diseases, improving cardiovascular endurance and respiratory efficiency. Just like drugs, it stimulates a healing response that couples both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms to repair, regenerate, and grow stronger tissues. There are evidences that both drugs and exercise play the same roles in some diseases; hence, there is likelihood of interactions in the physiological responses of the body. Exercise is accessible, safe, and an inexpensive anti-inflammatory medicine and it also has web-like interactions in the body unlike drugs that has a single targeted action. Physiotherapists utilize exercises in the management of conditions such as osteoarthritis, stroke, hypertension, diabetes and cardiac diseases; and most of the subjects are equally on drugs. This review showed that exercises affect pharmacokinetic variables of drugs resulting in either positive or negative influence depending on the type of drugs, exercises intensity, duration and excretory organ.