bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The transnational criminal organizations tetrahedron: understanding TCO sustainability through recursive interdependence
Authors: Pires Sergio Fernandes Senna
Published: January 2025

This essay introduces the theoretical concept of the Tetrahedron of Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCO) as a framework to understand and address the complexity of transnational organized crime. Drawing from the Fire Tetrahedron metaphor, the model highlights four key, interdependent domains that sustain these organizations: (1) illicit resources and markets, (2) a facilitating social environment, (3) human desires and motivations, and (4) adaptive complex criminal networks. By examining how these domains interact, the study shows why isolated interventions targeting one or two of the domains often fail to break the reinforcing cycles that empower TCOs. Historical examples, such as the Mérida Initiative and Sweden’s drug liberalization policies in the 1960s, reveal the limitations of fragmented tackling strategies. The "war on drugs" emphasized cracking down on illicit resources while ignoring institutional and social factors. Similarly, Sweden’s harm-reduction approach overlooked motivational and institutional aspects, leading to future setbacks. This study aims to lay the groundwork for a conceptual framework to help policymakers, researchers, and practitioners craft integrated strategies. Addressing all four domains of the TCO Tetrahedron offers a more effective way to combat transnational organized crime. Future research should explore complementary models, such as network theories and predictive analytics, to deepen our understanding of criminal dynamics and develop sustainable, impactful solutions.
Full-Stack Real Estate Website Development: A Comprehensive Platform for Seamless Property Search and Management
Authors:   CSE with AI and ML, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Kumari1 Aparna
Published: January 2025

The demand for user-friendly and efficient digital platforms in the real estate sector has surged with the increasing reliance on online solutions. This research explores the development of a comprehensive full-stack real estate website designed to streamline property search and management. The platform integrates advanced features such as intuitive user interfaces, dynamic property listings, and geolocation-based search capabilities to provide a seamless experience for buyers, sellers, and agents. By leveraging responsive design and robust frameworks, the platform ensures accessibility across devices while offering real-time updates to maintain data accuracy and user engagement.

The website employs a robust technology stack, including a combination of frontend technologies like React.js, backend frameworks such as Node.js, and a scalable database architecture. This stack supports functionalities like user authentication, property categorization, and secure payment gateways for booking services. Additionally, the platform incorporates intelligent algorithms for personalized property recommendations based on user preferences, enhancing decision-making and reducing search time. Integrating APIs for mapping and analytics further enriches the user experience by providing insights into neighborhood trends and property values.

This research highlights the implementation challenges and solutions involved in creating a full-stack real estate platform, emphasizing performance optimization, data security, and scalability. It also addresses the significance of integrating feedback mechanisms and analytics for continuous improvement. The proposed solution serves as a benchmark for the real estate industry's digital transformation, offering an adaptable model to meet evolving market demands and user expectations.

Keywords—Full-stack development, real estate website, property search, property management, comprehensive platform, web development, responsive design, seamless user experience, front-end development, back-end development, database integration, cloud hosting, real-time updates, property listings, user authentication, search engine optimization (SEO), data analytics, secure transactions, client-server architecture, cross-browser compatibility.
Comparative Analysis of Load Forecasting Algorithms Using Machine Learning
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering St. Joseph’s College of Engineering Affiliation of Anna University Chennai, India, S KARTHIKEYAN
Published: January 2025

Abstract—Load forecasting is a critical aspect of energy
management, enabling utilities to optimize resource allocation
and ensure grid stability and reliable power supply. This study
proposes a comprehensive approach to enhancing load
forecasting accuracy by combining Autoregressive Integrated
Moving Average (ARIMA) with Seasonal and Exogenous factors
known as Regressor Integrated Moving Average with exogenous
factors (SARIMAX) which is categorized under statistical
machine learning modeling techniques. The integration of

exogenous variables, such as weather conditions and socio-
economic factors, enhances the forecasting accuracy by

capturing external influences on load demand. The
ARIMA/SARIMAX hybrid model is trained on historical load
data, exogenous variables, and seasonality patterns, providing a
robust framework for capturing complex temporal
dependencies. The study evaluates the proposed approach using
real-world load datasets, comparing its performance against
traditional ARIMA and machine learning models. The results
demonstrate superior forecasting accuracy, illustrating the
effectiveness of integrating exogenous factors into the
ARIMA/SARIMAX model for load forecasting applications.
This hybrid approach contributes to the advancement of reliable
and precise load forecasting techniques, crucial for effective
energy planning and management in modern power systems.
Keywords—Load Forecasting, Statistical modeling techiques,
Exogenous Regressors, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average
(ARIMA), Seasonal and Exogenous Regressors
Integrated Moving Average (SARIMAX)
Review on Sentimental Analysis and Aspect Analysis with Codemix using LLM, BERT, and Naive Bayes
Authors:   Associate Professor,  B.E., M.Tech, Ph.D,  Dept. of Computer Science and Engg.  Malnad College of Engineering Hassan, India, H M Dr. Keerthi
Published: January 2025

In the era of social media, where multilingual conversations are prevalent, analyzing code-mixed text poses unique challenges. This project presents a comparative analysis of sentiment analysis and aspect-based sentiment analysis on code-mixed data using advanced techniques like Large Language Models (LLM), BERT, and Naive Bayes.
Sentiment analysis categorizes text into positive, negative, or neutral sentiments, while aspect-based analysis identifies opinions on specific topics, such as "price" or "quality" in reviews. By focusing on code-mixed text, this study compares the effectiveness of each method in understanding sentiments and specific opinions, paving the way for improved applications in multilingual settings.
Fraud Shield: Leveraging AI for Enhanced Currency Fraud Detection
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SSM College of Engineering,, Ashraf Suhail
Published: January 2025

Counterfeiting is a serious issue in India, with Fake Indian Currency Notes (FICN) posing a persistent challenge. Agencies like the Ministry of Home Affairs' FCORD are actively addressing it. Advances in technology have worsened the problem, making detection crucial. We propose a deep learning solution using the Xception Architecture to quickly and accurately identify counterfeit rupee notes, safeguarding India's currency system.
Challenges and Solutions in Managing Last-Mile Delivery in Urban Areas
Authors:   Assistant Professor  New Horizon College of Commerce,Airoli  Navi Mumbai, Fegde Nitin
Published: January 2025

The management of last-mile delivery in urban areas presents a range of challenges due to increasing population density, traffic congestion, and the evolving demands of consumers for faster and more convenient services. This final stage of the supply chain, from the distribution center to the end consumer, is critical in shaping customer satisfaction and operational efficiency. Urban areas, with their complex infrastructure, varying delivery regulations, and limited parking space, exacerbate these challenges. Additionally, environmental concerns related to emissions and sustainability further complicate last-mile logistics.

This paper explores key challenges such as traffic congestion, last-minute order changes, high delivery costs, and the need for real-time tracking. It also investigates the role of technology, including route optimization algorithms, autonomous delivery solutions, and the use of electric vehicles, in addressing these issues. Solutions such as crowd-sourced delivery models, micro-warehouses, and urban consolidation centers are also considered. Through a review of current strategies and case studies, the paper offers insights into the future of last-mile delivery in urban areas, emphasizing the importance of innovative and sustainable solutions to meet growing consumer expectations while improving efficiency and reducing environmental impact.

KEYWORDS: Last-mile delivery,Urban logistics,Traffic congestion,Delivery optimization, Delivery costs
Caching Strategies to Enhance Performance in Microservices
Authors:   Independent Researcher, California, USA, Bhole Anju
Published: January 2025

Microservices architecture has been widely adopted as a tool to build scalable, maintainable, and flexible
backend systems. It provides a method for software development where large and complex applications are
split into smaller and independent services making them more manageable and scalable. But High
Performance is one of the key challenges faced in microservices, especially, in terms of inter-service
communication. This results in latency and non-responsiveness, which can reduce the user experience of
the software packages and the overall efficiency of the system. Caching, particularly when used to avoid
unnecessary database calls and to reduce service-to-service communication, is the traditional solution to
this problem. Based on that, it is going to study different types/caches such as in-memory, distributed and
hybrid approaches across microservices environment. This paper then performs an extensive literature
review and experimental evaluation of how these caching strategies impact performance and sc alability on
real-world use cases. It also discusses the compromises made by each approach in terms of consistency,
availability, and partition tolerance, and provides useful recommendations and guidelines for the
performance tuning of systems beyond the microservice styles.
Keywords: Microservices, Caching Strategies, Performance Optimization, Latency Reduction, Scalability,
Distributed Systems, Service Communication, Data Caching.
Numerical simulation study of the influence of technogenic processes on the Bazhenov formation development
Authors:   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Moscow, Russia, Skorov D. S. , Pyatibratov P. V. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2025

Along with the existing technologies, such as high-pressure air injection, supercritical carbon dioxide injection, and in-situ conversion technology, aimed at developing kerogen-containing reservoirs, e.g., the Bazhenov formation, the super- or subcritical water injection method is considered in the scientific literature. The efficiency of Bazhenov formation development is directly impacted by a number of technogenic in-situ processes, which must be considered in the numerical simulation of the above-mentioned technologies to fully substantiate the optimal scenario of a treatment approach. However, the consideration of in-situ processes in reservoir simulation depends not only on the process itself but also on its contribution to recovery efficiency. Through numerical simulation of two technologies for the Bazhenov formation development – the cyclic subcritical water injection and the cyclic subcritical water with supercritical carbon dioxide injection – the effects of various technogenic processes (such as the thermal conversion of kerogen, the thermal desorption of hydrocarbons, the self-fracking process, the matrix permeability change, the hysteresis of phase relative permeabilities, the wettability change, the clay swelling, and the migration of clay particles) on the cumulative oil production were evaluated in this work. In the course of this study, the aforementioned technogenic processes were arranged in the order of increasing impact on the cumulative oil production. Furthermore, it was shown that the negative effects of the clay swelling and migration can be mitigated due to geochemical processes by adding carbon dioxide to subcritical water.

Keywords: Bazhenov formation; supercritical water injection; supercritical carbon dioxide injection; reservoir simulation.
Study of hydraulic fracturing fluid filtration in core samples. Generalization of Carter's model
Authors:   RN–BashNIPIneft LLC, Ufa, Russia, Latypov I. D. , Makatrov A. K. ,   RN–BashNIPIneft LLC, Ufa, Russia, Fedorov A. E. ,   RN–BashNIPIneft LLC, Ufa, Russia, Voloshin A. I. ,   RN–BashNIPIneft LLC, Ufa, Russia, Bakhtizin R. N. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia,   Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russia,   Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: January 2025

Guar-based fracturing fluids and synthetic polymers based on polyacrylamide, along with water and friction reducers, are commonly used in the oil and gas industry. One of the most important issues of hydraulic fracturing application is to study the mechanisms of contamination of the created fracture with fracture gels and to build models of polymer filtration into the rock. Known models of gel filtration in porous media describe it linearly with respect to t0.5 at late times, but not adequately during for early times. The generalized Carter model presented here enables accurate description of gel filtration both at early and late times and for linear and cross-linked gels. This paper presents a generalization of the Carter model for filtering hydraulic fracturing fluid in core samples. It considers the nonlinear relationship between the thickness of the filter cakes formed and the volume of pumped fluid. To validate the model, a series of experiments were conducted and interpreted. According to the study conducted, the appropriate degree of time is approximately 0.31 with a guar concentration of 3 kg/m3, and at a guar concentration of 3.6 kg/m3 in the range of 0.245 to 0.305. The experiments employed natural core samples, formation fluids, and process fluids that are commonly utilized in hydraulic fracturing under thermobaric conditions of productive sediments in the Priobskoye oilfield of Rosneft.

Keywords: fracturing fluid filtration; hydraulic fracturing; leak off coefficient; cross-linked gel; linear gel; Carter equation.
Vernacularizing, Braiding, and Plurigenericism
Authors: Mukharji Projit
Published: January 2025

This contribution argues that a single conceptual framework cannot possibly accommodate the range of histories that will emerge from a genuine decentering of the history of science. It uses the example of the “decolonial” approach to show the pitfalls of trying to write global histories using a single framework. The paper then argues that “non-settler postcolonies” such as China, India, Turkey etc. demand their own, specific critical apparatus that are more sensitive to their historical specificities. Finally, the paper briefly reviews three conceptual devices, viz., vernacularizing, braiding and plurigenericism, that might be used to write specific histories of knowledge in non-settler postcolonies.
Pola Komunikasi Pada Kelompok Petani dalam Meningkatkan Produktivitas Panen di Agrowisata Tegalan Poh Desa Wonokerto Kabupaten Pasuruan
Authors: Muyasaroh Siti Muyasaroh , Makhfuziyah Devi
Published: January 2025

Sektor pertanian memegang peranan penting dalam perkembangan ekonomi di Desa Wonokerto. Pembangunan Agrosiwisata Tegalan Poh dan pembentukan empat kelompok tani akan menciptakan pola komunikasi yang komplek antara pengurus agrowisata, pengurus Pemerintahan Desa Wonokerto, dan pengurus kelompok tani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola komunikasi kelompok petani dalam meningkatkan produktivitas panen di Agrowisata Tegalan Poh. Penelitian menggunakan kajian teori model komunikasi Source, Message, Channel, dan Receiver (SMCR) dalam menjelaskan proses komunikasi yang terjadi. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dengan key informant kepala desa Wonokerto dan ketua kelompok tani. Teknik analisis data menggunakan content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peran penting pola komunikasi dalam pendistribusian pupuk, koordinasi internal kelompok tani, dan koordinasi penjualan hasil panen mangga di agrowisata untuk meningkatkan hasil panen mangga. Jenis pola komunikasi yang dominan adalah komunikasi dua arah (two way), pola komunikasi organisasi, pola komunikasi hierarki, pola komunikasi lateral, dan pola komunikasi langsung (verbal).
Peran AI dalam Personalisasi Periklanan Digital: Studi Kasus Pemanfaatan Teknologi Berbasis AI dalam Aplikasi Spotify
Authors: Ramadhani Indira , Salisah Nikmah Hadiati
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini mengkaji peran kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam personalisasi periklanan digital dengan studi kasus pemanfaatan teknologi berbasis AI pada aplikasi Spotify. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada semakin meningkatnya penggunaan AI dalam pemasaran digital, khususnya dalam memberikan pengalaman iklan yang lebih relevan dan efektif kepada pengguna. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur atau studi kepustakaan dan observasi, dengan fokus pada analisis terhadap teknik personalisasi periklanan yang diterapkan oleh Spotify. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi aplikasi, serta kajian pustaka yang mencakup literatur terkait penggunaan AI dalam personalisasi pemasaran digital. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan konsep-konsep utama, yaitu kecerdasan buatan dalam pemasaran digital dan personalisasi dalam periklanan, untuk menganalisis temuan yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Spotify memanfaatkan AI untuk menganalisis preferensi musik dan kebiasaan mendengarkan pengguna. Analisis terhadap temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa personalisasi berbasis AI tidak hanya meningkatkan efektivitas iklan, tetapi juga memperkuat loyalitas pengguna terhadap platform. Selain itu, pemanfaatan AI dalam personalisasi periklanan digital memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam menciptakan pendekatan pemasaran yang lebih berorientasi pada kebutuhan individu sebagai pengguna.
A Clinical Study of Etiopathogenesis and Outcome of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Chudhary Naresh , Negi Anil
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammatory condition of the pancreas, ranging from mild to severe, with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The etiology is multifactorial, with common causes being gallstones and excessive alcohol consumption. This study explores the clinical presentation, etiopathogenesis, and outcomes of acute pancreatitis, aiming to identify factors influencing disease progression and patient survival.
Method: A prospective observational study was conducted at Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences from August 2022 to January 2024. Sixty adult patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis were enrolled based on clinical, biochemical, and radiological criteria. The severity was assessed using the BISAP score and CT severity index (CTSI), while outcomes were tracked through clinical evaluation and imaging findings.
Result: The majority of patients were aged 31-40 (23.3%) and 51-60 (23.3) years with a higher incidence in males (61.7%). Alcohol consumption (48.3%) and biliary factors (38.3%) were the most common etiologies. Severe outcomes, including organ failure and mortality, were associated with higher CTSI scores and alcoholic etiology.
Conclusion: Alcoholism and biliary causes were predominant in acute pancreatitis cases. The CTSI was a strong predictor of mortality and organ failure. Early diagnosis and appropriate management strategies, including conservative care, are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
A Comparative Study of Vaginal Micronized Progesterone and Oral Dydrogesterone in Threatened Abortion
Authors: Nair Nitya , Singh Usha , Kulshreshtha Kalpana , Yadav Prachi , Ojha Divya
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Threatened abortion, characterized by vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain in early pregnancy, requires effective management to improve pregnancy outcomes. Progestogens such as vaginal micronized progesterone and oral dydrogesterone are commonly used, yet limited comparative research exists to inform their optimal use. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of these treatments in managing threatened abortion.
Methods: This prospective observational study, conducted at Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, U.P., included pregnant women with clinically and sonographically confirmed threatened abortion (≤24 weeks gestation). Participants were divided into two groups: one receiving 200 mg of vaginal micronized progesterone twice daily and the other 10 mg of oral dydrogesterone twice daily. Data collection included demographic details, bleeding episodes, and obstetric outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: Baseline characteristics, including age and gestational parameters, were comparable between groups. Pregnancy continuation rates were 89.0% and 84.0% for oral dydrogesterone and vaginal progesterone, respectively (p = 0.30). Adverse effects were similar across groups, with no statistically significant differences.
Conclusion: Both oral dydrogesterone and vaginal progesterone demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety profiles in managing threatened abortion. The choice of treatment may depend on patient preferences and clinical circumstances.
Comparative Study on Continuous Versus Interrupted Suturing of Episiotomy
Authors: Ojha Divya , Gupta Sangeeta , Tarun Mandvi , Nair Nitya , Yadav Prachi
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Episiotomy is a frequent obstetric intervention during vaginal delivery, necessitating effective repair techniques to minimize complications and enhance recovery. Continuous and interrupted suturing techniques are widely used, but their comparative efficacy remains debated. This study evaluates the impact of these techniques on wound healing, pain, complications, and patient satisfaction.
Method: A prospective comparative study was conducted over two years at Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, involving 200 women undergoing mediolateral episiotomy during vaginal delivery. Participants were randomized into continuous (n=100) and interrupted (n=100) suturing groups. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and outcomes such as wound healing, complications, and cosmetic satisfaction were evaluated at 48 hours, one week, six weeks, and three months. Statistical analysis included Chi-square and t-tests.
Results: Continuous suturing required significantly less analgesia at 2 hours (28% vs. 85%, p < 0.001) and 48 hours (17% vs. 32%, p = 0.01). Pain scores in lying, sitting, and walking positions were consistently lower at 2 hours in the continuous group (p < 0.05). Continuous suturing also resulted in fewer cases of edema at 2 hours (4.0% vs. 14.0%, p = 0.013) and 48 hours (2.0% vs. 10.0%, p = 0.017). Wound dehiscence was significantly less frequent in the continuous group at 1 week (1.0% vs. 14.0%, p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Continuous suturing offers superior outcomes in reducing early pain, edema, and wound dehiscence compared to interrupted suturing, making it a preferred technique for episiotomy repair.
Bacteriological profile with phenotypic detection of MDR isolates in surgical site infections of Nishtar Hospital, Multan
Authors: Malik Sumera , Neelam Blossom , Ayaz Qurat Ul Ain , Majid Abdul Wahab , Naqvi Syed Muhammad Abbas , Saeed Javairia
Published: January 2025

Objective: To determine bacteriological profile with phenotypic detection of MDR isolates in surgical site infections.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study determined the frequency of bacteria causing surgical site infections in patients admitted at Nishtar Hospital, Multan. A total of 175 wound samples were collected and processed in the laboratory. All bacterial strains were characterized, and multidrug resistant strains were identified by an antibiotic susceptibility test. Moreover, modified carbapenem inactivation method, combine disc diffusion, and double disc synergy methods were employed to identify carbapenemases, metallo beta-lactamases, and extended spectrum beta-lactamases production among gram negative bacilli, respectively. Likewise, Cefoxitin-disc diffusion method was employed to identify S. aureus strains as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.
Results: In this study, P. aeruginosa (40%), E. coli (19.4%), Proteus spp. (8.6%), K. pneumoniae (6.3%), Enterobacter (2.9%), and A. baumannii (2.2%) made up the majority of the detected Gram-Negative Bacilli, while S. aureus (20.6%) was the only isolated Gram-Positive Cocci. A significant proportion of Gram-Negative Bacilli showed resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and meropenem, while Gram Positive Cocci showed resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, and ceftriaxone. In this study, among 139 identified Gram-Negative Bacilli, 111 (79.9%) strains were CP (+), 122 (87.8%) strains were MBL (+), and 62 (44.6%) strains were ESBL (+). Likewise, 36 isolated strains of S. aureus were analyzed, out of which 30 (83.3%) were Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (+).
Conclusion: our study will help in surveillance of resistance patterns of antibiotics and provide a cornerstone for the appropriate therapeutic strategy against multidrug-resistant infection.
Keywords: Carbapenemases, ESBLs, MBLs, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, surgical site infections
Reference value of serum pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in 1st trimester of pregnancy as an antenatal screening tool for genetic disorders
Authors: Afzal Muhammad Masood , Khan Muhammad Dilawar , Batool Hijab , Rashid Tayyaba , Chughtai Akhtar Sohail , Chughtai Omar Rasheed
Published: January 2025

Objective: Our study aims to establish the normal reference value of Serum Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) in 1st trimester of pregnancy as an antenatal screening tool for genetic disorders
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Chughtai Institute of Pathology, from November 2022 to April 2023. One hundred and twenty samples of healthy pregnant females between 18 – 40 years were collected by purposive, non-probability technique as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analysis of samples was done for quantitative measurement of serum PAPP-A levels. Statistical Analysis was done using SPSS version 21. For normality check, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied with < 0.05 P value considered as significant. 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were computed using the formula 0.025 (n+1) and 0.975 (n+1) respectively.
Results: Mean age of all pregnant female (n=120) subjects was 25.90 ± 4.70 years. Serum PAPP-A was measured and mean PAPP-A level for n=120 samples was 3539 mIU/L ± 2830 with median level of 2405 mIU/L. We established the reference value in our population by Rank-based non-parametric method on the basis of 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles as 436 mIU/L - 10000 mIU/L.
Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first study to establish 1st trimester (10th to 14th week) reference value of serum PAPP-A in our population. Furthermore, our study will provide a reference for future study on establishing multiple of Median (MoM) of our population and starting an antenatal screening program by providing patient specific risk of genetic disorders.
Keywords: Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A, Antenatal screening, Reference value.
Flowcytometry immunophenotypic characterization of platelet function disorders in clinically suspected patients: A tertiary center experience
Authors: Hussain Muhammad , Fatima Saher  , Riaz Muhammad Omair , Alam Mustajab , Javed Muhammad Zain ul Abdeen , Humayun Muhammad Bin
Published: January 2025

Objective:  To carry out the flowcytometry based immunophenotypic characterization of platelet function disorders in clinically suspected patients at a reference laboratory.
Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted at Immunology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) / National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) from May 2019 to March 2023. A total of 308 patients suspected of PFDs were analyzed using CD41, CD61, CD42a and CD42b on BD FACS Canto II flow cytometer.
Results: Out of 308 suspected patients, 104 (34%) were positive for platelet disorders. Total 30 were positive for GT and 74 were positive for BSS. Out of these patients, 35 females were positive for BSS and 14 were positive for GT. In males, 39 were positive for BSS and 26 for GT. Highest number of positive patients were found to be among age group from new born to 20 years.
Conclusion: Flowcytometry based assessment of abnormalities in glycoproteins on platelets is an important diagnostic modality. Bernard Soulier Syndrome (BSS) and Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (GT) are autosomal recessive hereditary diseases. These diseases are more prevalent in countries where consanguineous marriages are common. Genetic counselling of such families is essential and prenatal diagnosis will be helpful.
Keywords: Bernard Soulier syndrome, Consanguinity, Flowcytometry, Glanzmann thrombasthenia, Platelet function disorders
Human platelet antigen genotyping of platelet donors at a transfusion center in northern Pakistan
Authors: Aslam Sidra , Salamat Nuzhat , Nasiruddin  , Yazdani Sajid , Khan Saleem Ahmad , Naeem Abdul
Published: January 2025

Objective: The study aimed to specify the allele frequency of Human platelet antigen (HPA-1 to HPA-5 and HPA-15) platelets in blood donors at a transfusion center in Northern Pakistan.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion (National University of Medical Sciences) Rawalpindi from 1 January to 31 December 2021. We executed HPA genotyping of 384 healthy, inapplicable platelet and whole blood donors by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers for 06 biallelic systems (HPA-1 to -5 and -15) that have been associated with platelet antigen alloimmunization.
Results: The allele frequency of HPA-1a/1b, -2a/2b, -3a/3b, -4a/4b, -5a/5b, and -15a/15b in this population is 0.91/0.09, 0.92/0.08, 0.72/0.28, 1/0, 0.89/0.11, 0.58/0.42 respectively. The mismatch probability percentage of platelet antigens HPA-1 to -5 and -15 ranges from 13.8 to 36%, and the incompatibility risk is highest for HPA-15. HPA-1b, -2b, -4b, and -5b homozygosity is 0.5%, 0.5%, 0 and 7.8%, while homozygosity of HPA-3b and -15b is 13.8% and 28.6%, respectively.Conclusion: Polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) is a valid method for HPA screening in blood donors. Evaluating HPA in our region may be an initial step towards devising a registry of platelet donors and foreshadowing platelet alloimmunization and treatment in our territory.
Keywords: Allele frequency, Alloimmunization, Genotypes, Human platelet antigens (HPA), Mismatch probability, PCR-SSP, Real-time polymerase chain reaction
Evaluation of the Urban Transport System According to the Principles of the Active City: Kufa City as a Case Study
Authors:   College of Physical Planning, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq, Al-Mosherefawi O. J , Jwad R. A. ,   University Presidency, Department of Scholarships and Cultural Relations University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
Published: January 2025

Urban transformations resulting from technological and economic changes have contributed to the emergence of a pattern of urban dispersion. Rapid transportation based on private cars, along with investment in road networks and the decline in land values on the outskirts of cities, have helped to create the phenomenon of urban sprawl and expansion. This has led to the absence of connectivity between city areas and the separation of residential, industrial, office, retail, and recreational areas. In contrast, concerns have escalated about traffic congestion in cities, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and increased energy consumption allocated to transportation, which has enhanced interest in active mobility patterns as a sustainable solution. Therefore, the problem of our research is that the urban transportation planning process in the city of Kufa is characterized by randomness and lack of sustainability principles, with neglect of the vital role of urban transportation and its effects on the health and psychological state of the city's residents and its association with economic aspects. The research assumed that following the principles of the active city and applying them in the city's urban transportation plans contributes to improving the quality of life for residents and addressing the problems associated with urban transportation in the city of Kufa. The research aims to evaluate the current urban transportation system according to the principles of the active city. The study concluded that the horizontal extension of the city of Kufa, the abundance of infrastructure for private vehicles, and long travel distances led to a reduction in reliance on active transportation. The design of residential neighborhoods in the city of Kufa encourages horizontal extension. It lacks a strategy of urban compactness or compaction, which forced the residents of the city of Kufa to rely primarily on private motorized transportation in the process of transportation, and with a direct relationship that increased environmental impacts and run-over accidents. The absence of encouragement and education, along with social customs, made active transportation in the city of Kufa socially unpopular.

Therefore, the planning of residential neighborhoods must be reconsidered, better communication must be provided, and infrastructure for walking and cycling must be provided according to the guidelines of sustainable urban planning. The wider spread of economic activities throughout the city may increase active travel and reduce the use of private motorized vehicles.
SEXUAL EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS IN SCHOOLS: A KEY TO PREVENTING STIS/HIV
Authors:   Department of Midwifery, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Jakarta I, Indonesia., KHATIMAH HUSNUL , ASTUTI ISRONI ,   Department of Midwifery, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Jakarta I, Indonesia., PUSPITA ERLIN ,   Department of Midwifery, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Jakarta I, Indonesia., FITRIA DEDES ,   Department of Midwifery, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Bandung, Indonesia.
Published: January 2025

Globally, reducing high-risk behaviors and promoting healthy practices are essential strategies for preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS. Adolescents, a vulnerable group in this context, face numerous challenges, including lack of reproductive health knowledge, early sexual initiation, and gender inequalities, all of which increase their risk of STI and HIV exposure. Educational interventions, particularly those based in schools, are highly effective in fostering behavior change by equipping young people with the necessary knowledge, skills, and motivation to adopt safer sexual practices. School-based sexual health education programs can significantly improve awareness about STI transmission, prevention, and treatment. Such education empowers adolescents to make informed decisions, practice safer sex, and delay sexual activity. These programs also strengthen self-efficacy, which is critical in adopting healthy behaviors and resisting peer pressure. Additionally, sexual health education helps prevent unintended pregnancies, a significant issue in adolescent health, by providing information on contraception and sexual decision-making. Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) addresses the root causes of early pregnancies and sexual health risks, such as misinformation and stigma, and promotes informed, responsible choices. In sum, school-based sexual health education not only reduces the incidence of STIs and HIV but also enhances adolescents' overall sexual and reproductive health.
Building Islamic Values In Entrepreneurship In The Perspective Of Al-Quran In Al-Baqarah: 198 And An-Nisa': 29
Authors: Khatimah Husnul , Nuradi Nuradi , Haslam Desy Sapitri , Allifafitri Aissa , Fitriyani Fitriyani , Abdel-Raouf Ahmed Mohamed Abdel-Hadi
Published: January 2025

Entrepreneurship is the command of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger, which Allah has regulated through the Qur'an. A Muslim entrepreneur not only has a worldly goal in entrepreneurship but also an afterlife goal in it. This study aims to analyze how to build Islamic values in entrepreneurship from the perspective of Al-Quran in Al-Baqarah: 198 and An-Nisa': 29. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method with data collection using literature study. The results of this study indicate that the value of faith and moral values are two things that Muslim entrepreneurs must build in every business they run based on what is contained in Surah Al-Baqarah: 198 and An-Nisa': 29. Thus, Muslim entrepreneurs who have good and correct faith, as well as have morals will affect the quality of the market, which will affect the economy of the community. Building these two Islamic values is not an easy thing, it requires self-awareness from the person of a Muslim in improving the intention when entrepreneurship.
Analysis of intention to purchase environmentally friendly packaging in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
Authors: Aguilar Guilherme José , Oliveira Alan Maicon de , Tapia-Blácido Delia Rita
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate consumers' intention to purchase biopackaging in the city of Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, Brazil.
Methodology: Structural equation modeling was assessed by applying a questionnaire to citizens in Ribeirão Preto. The constructs Personal Norms, Attitude, Environmental Concern, and Willingness to Pay were correlated with the construct Purchase Intention, and the structural model was analyzed.
Originality/Relevance: This study stands out for its originality in investigating how certain factors affect consumers’ intention to purchase environmentally friendly packaging in Ribeirão Preto as a specific case study in Brazil. Given that few studies have addressed such topic in this country, the study aims to contribute to the research field significantly.
Results: All the constructs positively influenced the construct Purchase Intention, but Environmental Concern and Personal Norms were the strongest predictors of this intention (standardized regression coefficients of 0.821 and 0.818, respectively; p ≤ 0.01).
Social/Management Contributions: Broader ecological awareness is promoted within the society when companies are encouraged to develop new biodegradable and environmentally friendly packaging that meets consumers' needs and considers environmental demands. In the management context, emphasizing how the constructs positively influence purchase intention highlights specific areas on which organizations can focus when they develop and market sustainable packaging. It is hoped that the study will encourage companies to embrace sustainable development and to align their products with the consumers’ growing expectations about sustainability, green consumption, and social and ecological responsibility.
Type and physical intensity of occupations at pulmonary TB diagnosis
Authors: Saroufim M. , Geric C. , Majidulla A. , Abjani A. , Tavaziva G. , Saeed S. , Khan A.J. , Ahmad Khan F.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Pulmonary TB (PTB) predominantly affects individuals of working age. We sought to characterise the occupations of people newly diagnosed with PTB in Karachi, Pakistan, by type and physical intensity.

DESIGN/METHODS
We
did a secondary analysis of data from a study evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence-based chest X-ray (CXR) analysis software, where individuals had been evaluated for active PTB using sputum cultures and had provided information on occupation. We used an accelerometer-validated
US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-based job categorisation to assign physical activity levels to participant-reported occupations as High, Intermediate, or Low.

RESULTS
Among 272 participants with microbiologically confirmed
PTB (women: 130/272, 48%; median age: 29 years, IQR 22–45), 78% (211/272) had smear-positive disease, and 96% (260/272) had data on occupation. Unemployment was common (women: 70/122, 57%; men: 23/138, 17%). Most women reporting an occupation were homemakers (21/52, 40%), and 54% (28/52)
had an intermediate- or a high physical activity occupation. Among men reporting an occupation, 35% (40/115) were labourers, and 79% (91/115) had an intermediate- or high-physical activity occupation.

CONCLUSION
The majority of individuals
with PTB were in their working age, had extensive disease, and had intermediate or high physical activity occupations, suggesting economic vulnerability due to physical impairment.
Applicability of TB-LAMP test for diagnosis of pulmonary TB among HIV-positive individuals
Authors: Muriithi B. , Bundi M.M. , Moriyasu T. , Ahmed A. , Mwamzuka M. , Karama M. , Kaneko S.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
The loop-mediated isothermal amplification for TB (TB-LAMP) assay is more cost-effective and accessible than the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the TB-LAMP assay in individuals
with and without HIV infection.

METHODS
Patients aged ≥15 years presenting with symptoms of TB were included in the study. The TB-LAMP assay was performed alongside routine TB diagnostic methods, including the Xpert assay and smear microscopy,
to evaluate discrepancies in test results and associated factors.

RESULTS
A total of 903 patients were enrolled in the study. The positive percentage agreement for smear microscopy and TB-LAMP compared with the Xpert assay was respectively
54.3% (95% CI 46.6–61.8) and 76.6% (95% CI 69.9–82.6). Among HIV-positive individuals, the positive percentage agreement was 42.5% (95% CI 32.9–52.4) for smear microscopy and 68.9% (95% CI 59.1–77.5) for TB-LAMP. Factors such as age >60 years (adjusted OR 3.29, 95%
CI 0.32–33.83), loss of appetite (aOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.13–0.70), and HIV-positive status (aOR 3.29, 95% CI 1.12–9.63) were associated with discrepancies between TB-LAMP and Xpert results.

CONCLUSIONS
TB-LAMP demonstrated better
agreement with the Xpert assay compared with smear microscopy in detecting TB among HIV-positive patients, suggesting that TB-LAMP could effectively replace smear microscopy.
Integrating socio-economic support into drug-resistant TB care to optimise treatment outcomes
Authors: Limo J. , Pahe C. , Kathure I. , Ndungu L. , Mahihu A. , Mwashumbe C. , Mueni E. , Momanyi H.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) remains a public health concern in Kenya, with an estimated 2,500 individuals acquiring DR-TB annually. Despite significant progress in DR-TB management, the treatment success rate (TSR) in 2021 stood at 77%,
falling short of the 85% target. This low TSR occurs amidst a complex range of treatment challenges, including psychosocial factors. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of integrating psychosocial and economic empowerment interventions into standard DR-TB care.

METHODS
A
convergent mixed-method approach was employed, involving interviews with 217 participants, including persons with DR-TB and key stakeholders, using a structured questionnaire. The study was conducted in Kenya’s two highest DR-TB burden counties between October and November 2023.

RESULTS
The
study found that 55% of respondents experienced psychological depression during treatment, with financial constraints identified as the primary trigger (70.6%). Only 49% of persons with DR-TB joined psychosocial support groups, and of these, 90% demonstrated improved treatment adherence. Additionally,
individuals with DR-TB who participated in income-generating activities had a treatment adherence rate of 95%, compared to 88% among those not engaged in such activities.

CONCLUSION
Patient-centred approaches involving socio-economic support
systems are crucial in addressing treatment adherence barriers, thereby leading to improved treatment outcomes.
Sustentabilidade energética no semiárido: um estudo sobre eventos de sobreirradiância na região de Araripina, estado de Pernambuco
Authors: Souza Julyane da Silva , Correia Magaly de Fatima , Emiliavaca Samira de Azevedo Santos , Aragão Maria Regina da Silva
Published: January 2025

No atual cenário de mudanças climáticas e vulnerabilidade do setor elétrico a geração de energia através de sistemas fotovoltaicos (SVF) ganha destaque por representar um empreendimento de baixo impacto ambiental, além de surgir como opção para minimizar efeitos da grande variabilidade nos níveis dos reservatórios das Usinas hidrelétricas (UHE), e possibilitar a redução nas tarifas de energia elétrica. No entanto, deve-se levar em consideração que os sistemas fotovoltaicos são vulneráveis a altas temperaturas e níveis elevados de irradiância solar, que podem reduzir a eficiência dos paineis solares. Um acréscimo expressivo de irradiância pode ativar dispositivos de proteção dos sistemas fotovoltaicos ou mesmo danificar os inversores. Neste contexto, o desenvolvimento deste trabalho teve como objetivo central analisar um conjunto de dados, em alta resolução temporal, coletados por uma estação solarimétrica situada na região de Araripina (PE), e detectar eventos de irradiância solar extrema. O índice de claridade Kt foi utilizado para avaliar a relação entre a nebulosidade e eventos de sobreirradiância. A forte correlação entre episódios de irradiância extrema (IGH>1300 W/m²) e condições atmosféricas no período úmido da região foi um dos resultados significativos desta pesquisa. Verificou-se que 24% dos episódios de sobreirradiância no ano de 2017 ocorreu no mês de março. A detecção de eventos de sobrerradiância é de interesse científico e socioeconômico, já que podem ter impactos importantes no desempenho de SFV.
Compromisso de venda e compra como contrato preliminar e sua amplitude nos negócios jurídicos
Authors: Aquino Emílio Moreira
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo versa sobre o compromisso de venda e compra como contrato preliminar. A pesquisa foi realizada com respaldo na seguinte problemática: o compromisso de venda e compra constitui-se uma espécie de contrato preliminar? Diante disso, o objetivo geral da pesquisa foi analisar o compromisso de venda e compra e sua amplitude nos negócios jurídicos. Para realizar o presente artigo empregou-se a metodologia da revisão bibliográfica, de cunho qualitativo, sendo seus objetivos de caráter exploratório. Os resultados do estudo indicaram que o contrato preliminar pode ser descrito como o acordo pelo qual as partes se comprometem a finalizar determinado negócio legal, o qual será formalizado por meio de um contrato definitivo ou principal, que obrigatoriamente irá satisfazer as condições e elementos essenciais já estabelecidos no acordo preliminar. Ademais, a promessa de compra e venda é definida como o compromisso pelo qual ambas as partes, ou uma delas, se comprometeram a celebrar, posteriormente, o contrato de compra e venda. As considerações finais mostraram que o compromisso de aquisição e venda é entendido por significativa parte da doutrina e jurisprudência como uma forma de contrato preliminar, razão pela qual aplica-se o disposto nos arts. 462 e seguintes do CC/2002.