bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental Defeat Predicts Increased Suicide Risk in Chronic Pain: A 12‐Month Prospective Study
Authors: Themelis Kristy , Gillett Jenna L. , Karadag Paige , Cheatle Martin D. , Ilgen Mark A. , Balasubramanian Shyam , Singh Swaran P. , Tang Nicole K. Y.
Published: January 2025

Background

Mental defeat is considered a potential risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviours in chronic pain. This study evaluated the role of mental defeat in predicting future suicide risk and examined whether depression influences this relationship.

Methods

A total of 340 participants with chronic pain completed questionnaires at two time points, 12 months apart. Data collected included sociodemographic and pain characteristics, mental defeat, psychosocial risk factors including depression and health‐related variables. Weighted univariate and multivariable analyses assessed the link between mental defeat and suicide risk, with a moderation analysis testing the role of depression.

Results

Higher levels of mental defeat and depression were linked to increased suicide risk at 12 months. Depression significantly amplified the effect of mental defeat on suicide risk, particularly in individuals with higher depression levels (B = 0.06, SE = 0.01, t = 6.21, p < 0.001) compared with moderate (B = 0.05, SE = 0.01, t = 5.20, p < 0.001) or low levels of depression (B = 0.04, SE = 0.01, t = 2.83, p = 0.004), indicating a dose–response relationship.

Conclusions

Mental defeat is a significant risk factor for suicide in chronic pain, with depression intensifying this risk. Addressing both mental defeat and depression simultaneously in treatment may help reduce suicide risk in these patients.

Significance

This study strengthens the evidence linking mental defeat with heightened suicide risk in chronic pain. By providing prospective data, it clarifies the temporality of this relationship. Given that suicide risk doubles in chronic pain patients, whereby comorbid depression is common, these findings have crucial clinical implications. Both mental defeat and depression are modifiable. Addressing them together in treatment may help reduce suicide risk in this population.
The Anti‐Inflammatory Activities of Sphagnum palustre L. Ethanol Extract to Control Inflammation in RAW264.7 Cells
Authors: Wu Zhi , Zheng Jiahui , Xu Yang , Wang Dairong , Han Qingbin , Liu Ping , Liu Xiaorong , Zhang Lanyue
Published: January 2025

Discomfort caused by inflammation leads to stress and anxiety in patients and seriously decreases the patients' quality of life. People prefer to use natural products instead of anti‐inflammatory drugs because of their low toxicity and side effects. Studies have shown that Sphagnum palustre L. (S. palustre) can be used as medicinal plant, but few studies have focused on its anti‐inflammatory effects. This study explored the mechanism of action of the ethanol extract of the peat moss plant S. palustre on lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation in macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Components in S. palustre ethanol extracts (SPE) were identified by HPLC‐MS, which mainly included 4‐methoxybenzaldehyde, 4‐methoxycinnamaldehyde and oleanolic acid. The effects of different concentrations (6.25–100 μg/mL) of SPE after 24 h administration were evaluated to establish a cellular inflammation model. Three biological replicates were performed based on each experiment, the MTT assay results showed that a low concentration of SPE promoted cell proliferation marked by Formazan. In a neutral red uptake assay, the SPE group was effectively inhibited the cell phagocytosis rate. With the increase of SPE concentration, intracellular ROS release decreased, which detected by DCFH‐DA. Immunofluorescence assay result showed that SPE inhibited the release of reactive oxygen species from macrophages with fluorescent markers and DAPI. SPE inhibited the release of nitric oxide from macrophages as well. What's more, SPE significantly decreased the protein expression of interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6, and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB according to enzyme‐linked immunosorbent and immunocytochemical assays. SPE reduces inflammation in macrophage RAW264.7 cells and thus is a promising natural anti‐inflammatory plant.
Retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy from a tertiary obstetrics hospital in Vietnam: A case series and literature review
Authors: Mai Hung Trong , Le Dao Thi Anh , Nguyen Toan Khac
Published: January 2025

Retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy is an uncommon condition in clinical practice, often associated with misdiagnosis and unconventional treatment. Delayed interventions can lead to poor prognosis and sometimes catastrophic situations. Due to the limited number of reported cases in the literature, an established treatment protocol has yet to be introduced. This case series presents three instances at a tertiary women's hospital in Vietnam. In cases 1 and 2, a single approach—either surgery or a chemo‐regimen—was applied. However, the third patient was treated with a combination of both therapies. This series highlights an evolution in management, progressing from incomplete removal of the gestation to a comprehensive combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Additionally, high serum beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) levels and suspicious ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are crucial for establishing the diagnosis.
Investigator‐Initiated Clinical Pharmacokinetic Studies in Resource‐Limited Settings: Minimal Requirements and Practical Guidance
Authors: Uittenboogaard Aniek , Mageto Susan , Mohamed Sherif Kamal Eldin , Pourroy Bertrand , Mwesige Benjamin , Chitedze Agness Chisomo , Kaspers Gertjan , Njuguna Festus
Published: January 2025

Clinical pharmacology studies are critical for determining the efficacy and safety of drugs. Due to the resource‐intensive nature of these studies, most have been conducted in high‐income countries, leading to a significant gap in clinical pharmacology data for patients in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This paper provides an overview of the minimal requirements for performing a clinical pharmacology investigator‐initiated trial (IIT), including pharmacokinetic sampling. We identify common challenges in resource‐limited settings and propose strategies to overcome them. This guideline covers regulatory approval, participant recruitment, drug storage, sample collection and handling, transport, bioanalytical analysis, and data management tailored to the constraints of resource‐limited settings. Strategies are proposed to minimize resource demands, including simplified study designs, the use of technologies like whole blood microsampling, and opportunities for collaboration. The goal is to provide practical guidance for those seeking to perform a clinical pharmacology IIT in resource‐limited settings to improve safe and effective drug treatment for patients worldwide. Beyond the scope of this guideline is a detailed step‐by‐step guide on how to perform clinical pharmacology studies.
Excess cement and peri‐implant disease: A cross‐sectional clinical endoscopic study
Authors: Montevecchi Marco , Valeriani Leoluca , Salvadori Maria Francesca , Stefanini Martina , Zucchelli Giovanni
Published: January 2025

Background

Crown cementation is a common technique for implant‐supported prosthodontics. However, for possible slipping of the cement below the mucosal margin, its thorough removal poses some issues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of submucosal cement residues in patients with peri‐implant disease by endoscopic visualization and to investigate the potential correlation between the pathological scenario and the spatial position of cement residues.

Methods

The study sample comprised 46 consecutive patients exhibiting clinical and radiographic signs of peri‐implant disease around cement‐retained crowns. When at first visit bleeding on probing was the only pathological sign, the area was debrided and then treated with antiseptic agents for 30 days. Only those patients for whom bleeding was still found at re‐evaluation were included in the study. All implants were therefore endoscopically evaluated to identify possible submucosal cement residues. For all implants showing residual cement, the spatial position of the residual cement was recorded with respect to predefined points.

Results

Cement residues were detected in 80.4% of the patients and were predominantly located in the vestibular and lingual areas (88%). Analysis of the distances between the apical portion of the residues and anatomical landmarks revealed significant differences between mucositis and peri‐implantitis patients (p = 0.001). In cases of peri‐implantitis, the cement residue was more apically located than in mucositis.

Conclusion

The presence of cement residue was associated with peri‐implant disorders in the majority of patients. A potential correlation between the position of residues and the peri‐implant disease scenario is here suggested.

Plain language summary

A common method for fixing the crown on the dental implant is the use of specific cements. However, these products can slip below the gum line resulting in difficulties in their removal, which could cause peri‐implant disease. This study aimed to evaluate the presence and location of residual cement hidden under the gums in patients with peri‐implant disease, characterized by symptoms such as bleeding gums and, in some cases, bone loss around the dental implant. Using a small fiber‐optic camera (endoscope), 46 patients were examined for any cement residue under the gums. The study showed that more than 80% of patients had cement residues, especially in the areas facing the cheeks and tongue. It was also found that in patients with a more severe form of inflammation (peri‐implantitis), the cement was placed deeper than in those with a milder form (mucositis). This confirms that residual cement is common in patients with peri‐implant disease, but also suggests that its location could influence the severity of the pathological manifestation. This finding highlights the importance of carefully removing all cement to prevent such complications.
Potential effects of prebiotic fibers on dental caries: a systematic review
Authors: Fernández Constanza E. , Maturana‐Valenzuela Catalina , Rojas‐Castillo Nicol , Rosier Bob
Published: January 2025

Certain dietary fibers exhibit prebiotic effects on gut microbiota, but their influence on oral health remains unclear. This study conducted a systematic review across four databases to examine the potential effects of dietary fibers on dental caries. Data selection and extraction were conducted independently and in duplicate. From 962 found titles, twenty studies were included, of which 13 were in vitro. The substances identified as prebiotics included fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS), galacto‐oligosaccharides (GOS), inulin, pectin, raffinose, polydextrose, sialyllactose, and short‐chain fatty acids. Outcomes were assessed at biofilm (n = 14), saliva (n = 5), and tooth (n = 1) levels, with only six studies evaluating pH changes. Fifteen studies (75%) reported potential benefits, primarily attributed to the capacity of prebiotic fibers to limit the growth or adhesion of bacteria. Only two studies (10%) reported an increase in pH. Overall, the quality of the evidence was judged as moderate. In conclusion, certain dietary fibers may help limit caries development by modulating biofilm and pH levels. However, further clinical studies are needed to confirm the protective role of dietary fibers in dental caries. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Kneeling tolerance when using quadriceps tendon autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is superior to hamstring tendon autograft
Authors: Calvert Nicholas D. , Ebert Jay R. , Radic Ross
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To investigate kneeling tolerance in patients undergoing hamstring (HT) versus quadriceps (QT) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and investigate correlation with patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods

After recruitment and randomisation, 112 patients (HT = 55; QT = 57) underwent ACLR. Patients were assessed at 6, 12 and 24 months using the Kneeling Tolerance Test, which evaluates patient‐reported pain in a position of both 90 (KT90) and 110 (KT110) degrees of knee flexion. PROMs collected included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) questionnaire and the ACL Return to Sport after Injury (ACL‐RSI) questionnaire.

Results

Kneeling tolerance at KT90 and KT110 improved (p < 0.05) for both graft types across all time points. There was no difference in KT90 scores between groups at 6 or 12 months. At 24 months, kneeling tolerance was superior in the QT group (mean HT 93 ± 9 vs. QT 98 ± 5; p = 0.003). For KT110 scores, a statistically significant difference was noted at 6 (mean HT 80 ± 25 vs. QT 89 ± 12; p = 0.027), 12 (mean HT 90 ± 13 vs. QT 95 ± 10; p = 0.040) and 24 months (mean HT 92 ± 10 vs. QT 97 ± 5; p = 0.003). The ACL‐RSI was significantly correlated with KT90 and KT110 at 24 months (r = 0.40, p < 0.001; r = 0.40, p < 0.001). Other PROMs demonstrated significant weak‐to‐moderate correlations with kneeling tolerance.

Conclusion

Patients undergoing ACLR with a QT versus HT autograft report superior kneeling tolerance up to 2 years postsurgery, more prominent in deeper (110°) knee flexion. A strong correlation with ACL‐RSI was demonstrated at 2 years.

Registration

ACTRN12618001520224p (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry).

Level of Evidence

Level 1.
Photonic Terahertz Chaos Enabling High‐Precision and Unambiguous Ranging
Authors: Deng Qiuzhuo , Zhang Lu , Yang Zuomin , Lyu Zhidong , Bobrovs Vjaceslavs , Pang Xiaodan , Ozolins Oskars , Yu Xianbin
Published: January 2025

Terahertz (THz, 0.3–10 THz) radar systems have garnered significant attention due to their superior capabilities in high‐precision and robust sensing. However, the susceptibility to jamming, along with the sensing precision loss and ranging ambiguity induced by inflexible implementation of the conventional radar signal source, presents major challenges to the practical deployment of THz radars. Herein, a flexible photonic chaotic radar system is proposed at the THz band and investigate the ranging performance in precision and ambiguity. The photonic heterodyne detection scheme facilitates the generation of optoelectronic feedback loop‐based THz chaos at 300 GHz, achieving a seamless connection between THz domains and optical domains. The system is experimentally demonstrated its superior performance of sub‐centimeter resolution with 0.9345 cm and ranging unambiguity simultaneously. This work bridges the THz gap in the practical deployment of chaos theory and will pave the way for a new regime of THz radar empowered by chaos.
Polarization‐Locked Floquet Higher‐Order Topological Insulators in Synthetic Dimension
Authors: Liu Zhuoxiong , Liu Weiwei , Zheng Lingzhi , Ren Shuaifei , Su Xiaolong , Ding Yufan , Wang Bing , Lu Peixiang
Published: January 2025

Floquet engineering provides a powerful tool for exploring topological physics. Systems incorporating Floquet driving can exhibit intriguing topological phenomena without correspondence with static counterparts. Recently, following the development of higher‐order topology, Floquet higher‐order topological insulators have drawn great attention since its peculiarity in the band structure and topological states. Here the higher‐order topological insulator is theoretically demonstrated via Floquet engineering in synthetic frequency dimension. To this end, a 1D Floquet topological insulator is first constructed by introducing periodic driving to the frequency lattice, and the corresponding 0 and π edge states are demonstrated. On this basis, a Floquet higher‐order topological insulator supporting 0 and π corner states is realized by stacking the chains of the 1D Floquet topological insulators with dimerized couplings. Particularly, it is found that the distributions of 0 and π modes occupy the frequency lattices with orthogonal polarizations, which indicate polarization‐locked topological states and enable selective excitation of the topological edge/corner states with specific polarizations. This work lays the foundation for realizing controllable Floquet systems and opens an avenue for exploring higher‐order topological physics with synthetic dimension, which shows great promise for applications in polarization conversion and quantum information processing.
Second Harmonic Generation with 48% Conversion Efficiency from Cavity Polygon Modes in a Monocrystalline Lithium Niobate Microdisk Resonator
Authors: Sun Chao , Ni Jielei , Li Chuntao , Lin Jintian , Gao Renhong , Guan Jianglin , Qiao Qian , Hou Qifeng , Luo Xiaochao , Zheng Xinzhi , Qiao Lingling , Wang Min , Cheng Ya
Published: January 2025

Thin‐film lithium niobate (TFLN) based optical microresonators offer large nonlinear coefficient d33 and high light‐field confinement, allowing highly efficient second‐order optical nonlinear frequency conversion. Here, ultra‐efficiency SHG from high‐Q polygon modes is achieved by maximizing the utilization of the highest nonlinear coefficient d33 in a monocrystalline X‐cut TFLN microdisk resonator for the first time. The polygon modes are designed and formed with two parallel sides perpendicular to the optical axis of the lithium niobate crystal by introducing weak perturbations into the microdisk through a tapered fiber, which maximizes the utilization of d33. The polygon modes exhibit ultrahigh intrinsic Q factors up to 3.86 × 107, due to the fact that polygon modes are located far from the relatively rough sidewall of the microdisk. Moreover, the pump and second harmonic polygon modes share high modal overlap factor of ≈80%. Consequently, SHG from cavity polygon modes with absolute conversion efficiency as high as 48.08% is realized at an on‐chip pump level of only 4.60 mW without fine domain structures, surpassing the best results (23% and 30%) reported in other two domain‐inversion‐free phase matching schemes and even approaching the record (52%) in periodically poled TFLN microresonators.
Xanthium‐Inspired Microsphere Morphology Depends on the Dual Self‐Assembly Behavior of Macromolecules
Authors: Xing Luyao , Ding Jiaqiang , Gao Jiaqi , Chen Dongliang , Xiong Chengdong , Xiong Zuochun
Published: January 2025

The self‐assembly of macromolecular segments promotes the fabrication of polymer microspheres with multiple morphologies. Inspired by the xanthium shells, A dual‐driven self‐assembly method have defined that enables the construction of multi‐dimensional morphologies on the microsphere surface at emulsion‐confined interfaces. The two driving forces are derived from the phase separation caused by the immiscibility of macromolecular segments and the different interactions between chain segments of different hydrophilicity and water molecules. The synergistic effects of these two forces, the xanthium shell structure is constructed on the microsphere surface, enabling the development of increasingly complex superstructure. This scalable approach provides extensive potential for the self‐assembly technology of block copolymers with opposite properties.
H3K14la drives endothelial dysfunction in sepsis‐induced ARDS by promoting SLC40A1/transferrin‐mediated ferroptosis
Authors: Gong Fangchen , Zheng Xiangtao , Xu Wen , Xie Rongli , Liu Wenbin , Pei Lei , Zhong Ming , Shi Wen , Qu Hongping , Mao Enqiang , Yang Zhitao , Li Ranran , Chen Erzhen , Chen Ying
Published: January 2025

Pulmonary endothelial cell (EC) activation is a key factor in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In sepsis, increased glycolysis leads to lactate buildup, which induces lysine lactylation (Kla) on histones and other proteins. However, the role of protein lactylation in EC dysfunction during sepsis‐induced ARDS remains unclear. Integrative lactylome and proteome analyses were performed to identify the global lactylome profile in the lung tissues of septic mice. Cut&Tag analysis was used to identify the transcriptional targets of histone H3 lysine 14 lactylation (H3K14la) in ECs. Septic mice presented elevated levels of lactate and H3K14la in lung tissues, particularly in pulmonary ECs. Suppressing glycolysis reduced both H3K14la and EC activation, suggesting a link between glycolysis and lactylation. Moreover, H3K14la was enriched at promoter regions of ferroptosis‐related genes such as transferrin receptor (TFRC) and solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1), which contributed to EC activation and lung injury under septic conditions. For the first time, we reported the role of lactate‐dependent H3K14 lactylation in regulating EC ferroptosis to promote vascular dysfunction during sepsis‐induced lung injury. Our findings suggest that manipulation of the glycolysis/H3K14la/ferroptosis axis may provide novel therapeutic approaches for sepsis‐associated ARDS.
New Multiomic Studies Shed Light on Cellular Diversity and Neuronal Susceptibility in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Liang Marianna , Chu Linh , Yue Zhenyu
Published: January 2025

Parkinson's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, with patients manifesting varying motor and nonmotor symptoms. Previous studies using single‐cell RNA sequencing in rodent models and humans have identified distinct heterogeneity of neurons and glial cells with differential vulnerability. Recent studies have increasingly leveraged multiomics approaches, including spatial transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics, in the study of Parkinson's disease, providing new insights into pathogenic mechanisms. Continued advancements in experimental technologies and sophisticated computational tools will be essential in uncovering a network of neuronal vulnerability and prioritizing disease modifiers for novel therapeutics development. © 2025 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Stabilization for Coupled Hyperbolic System With Memory Effects Via Minimal State Variable
Authors: Lv Mengxian , Wang Junmin
Published: January 2025

In this work, we investigate the stabilization of a coupled PDE's system consisting of one Kirchhoff plate and one wave equation with memory effects. Three different cases are considered where the frictional infinite memory occurs in both equations or in one of the equations. First, we achieve the existence and uniqueness of the solution, utilizing the concept of minimal state variable. Moreover, it is shown that the coupled system is forced to polynomially decay. And by frequency domain analysis, the explicit decay rates are established, which only depend on the place of memory effect.
The Relationship Between Fibromyalgianess and Clinical Features, Disease Activity in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Varman Büşra , Parlak Selman , Ecesoy Hilal
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic syndrome characterised by widespread pain, fatigue, and symptoms such as sleep disturbances, cognitive impairment, and mood disorders. FM prevalence is notably higher among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients compared with the general population, often leading to diagnostic challenges. Misinterpreting FM as SLE activity can result in overtreatment. This study aimed to evaluate fibromyalgianess and its relationship with the clinical and immunological characteristics of SLE patients using comprehensive scoring methods for better diagnostic accuracy.

Materials and Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 50 SLE patients meeting the 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria. Patients with coexisting autoimmune diseases or severe systemic conditions were excluded. Clinical data, SLEDAI scores, and fibromyalgianess severity were assessed using the Polysymptomatic Distress Scale (PSDS). Patients were categorised into groups based on fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria: widespread pain and SLE‐FM. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results

Among 50 patients (45 female, 5 male; mean age 42.04 ± 12.5), 24% had fibromyalgianess, and 18% experienced widespread pain. Female patients exhibited significantly higher PSDS scores (p < 0.05). While NSAID use was associated with increased PSDS scores (p < 0.001), no significant relationship was found between fibromyalgianess and SLEDAI scores or organ involvement.

Conclusion

Fibromyalgianess in SLE patients primarily reflects heightened pain sensitivity and symptom severity rather than disease activity. Incorporating fibromyalgianess assessment into routine SLE management may prevent diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls and improve treatment outcomes. Multidisciplinary approaches, including pharmacological and non‐pharmacological strategies, are essential for effective care.
Behavioral and Electrophysiological Assessment of Central Auditory Processing in Individuals with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Lopes Rhayane Vitória , Braga Josefina Aparecida Pellegrini , Angel Andrea , Gil Daniela
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Sickle cell anemia has a genetic origin characterized by an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. The nervous system may be subject to vaso‐occlusion and, consequently, affect the proper functioning of the central portion of hearing.

Objective

To assess central auditory skills and analyze short‐ and long‐latency auditory evoked potentials in children with sickle cell disease.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study. All children had normal hearing thresholds, and their central auditory processing underwent behavioral assessment with a battery of tests involving dichotic and monotic listening, binaural interaction, and temporal processing. The electrophysiological assessment used short‐ and long‐latency auditory evoked potentials. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results

Of the 28 subjects evaluated (mean age of 9.46 years), 18 were females and 10 were males. Central auditory processing disorder was identified in 85.7% of the children. The auditory skills of figure‐ground for verbal sounds, binaural interaction, and complex temporal ordering were the most affected. An increase in the absolute latencies of Waves III and V was observed in the short‐latency potential.

Conclusion

Individuals with sickle cell disease have central auditory processing disorder, identified primarily by behavioral assessment.
The impact of matrix viscosity on the mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Zhao Ke , You Geyi , Gao Xiaoping , Jiang Xin , Chen Miao , Liu Chengwei , Chen Xinya , An Lan , Du Peijian
Published: January 2025

The influence of matrix viscosity on the mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced composites was investigated in this paper. The glass fiber fabric was selected as reinforcement and the mixed solution composed of resin, curing agent and different viscosity of diluent was selected as matrix. The composites was fabricated by vacuum‐assisted resin infusion (VARI). The influence of matrix viscosity on bending, impact and creep properties of composites were studied by varying the mass fraction of 1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE) diluent, the least square fitting was used to fit the experimental result. The mathematical model for characterizing the relationship between the matrix viscosity and the bending strength was established, and the mass fraction of BDDGE diluent based on the optimal bending property was obtained. The failure mechanisms were analyzed by analyzing fiber reinforced composites properties, reaction principles and fracture morphologies. Result shows that the epoxy groups within the viscosity undergo a ring‐opening reaction to integrate the cross‐linking network structure of the epoxy resin. However, an excessive amount of diluent will result in an increase of number of flexible chain segments, which initially enhancing the mechanical properties of the specimens before causing a subsequent decline. The mathematical model was substantiated by experiment, which reveals that the viscosity is 185.3 mPa·s for the optimal bending properties.

Highlights

The bending strength and modulus reached the maximum at a viscosity of 180 mPa·s

The creep curves demonstrate progressive damage and minute deformation.

The ring‐opening reaction occurs with two oxygen atoms in the diluent BDDGE.

The matrix viscosity of BDDGE diluent is 185.3 mPa·s for the optimal bending properties.
Evaluating the structural parameter on the forming quality and tensile property of CFRP bolted joints with one‐sided connected rivet nut
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Jintong , Zhu Chunrun , Zhang Yongliang , Bi Yunbo
Published: January 2025

As a kind of one‐sided connected rivet nut, the elliptical‐head non‐lug self‐locking (EHNL) rivet nut can ensure the gap‐free connection and realize the long life and reliable assembly connection of the aircraft. In this paper, the effect of the countersink angle and hole diameter of the nut on the forming quality and static tensile property of the joint is systematically studied. The results show that the effect of the countersink angle on the residual stress and damage of the CFRP plate is caused by the special mechanism that the material is easy to flow to the short‐axis barrel wall area when the nut is formed, and is also affected by the layup. While the effect of hole diameter on the residual stress and damage of CFRP plate is determined by the different deformation behavior of the rivet nut. As for the static tensile strength, the effect of the countersink angle is determined by the residual stress of the CFRP plate caused by the nut forming. But the effect of the hole diameter is small. Only when the hole diameter is 8.58 mm, the tensile strength is slightly reduced by 5.48% due to the large residual stress caused by the nut forming. Considering the forming quality and tensile property, the countersink angle of 45° and hole diameter of 8.46 mm are recommended for the specimen in this study.

Highlights

Structural parameters on forming quality and tensile property is studied.

The influence mechanism on forming quality and tensile property is revealed.

Recommended values of structural parameters are provided.
Untargeted Characterization and Biological Activity of Amazonian Aqueous Stem Bark Extracts by Liquid and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Pastuña‐Fasso Jefferson V. , Espinosa de los Monteros‐Silva Nina , Quiroz‐Moreno Cristian Daniel , Medina‐Villamizar Evencio Joel , Sosa‐Pozo Gabriela , Cisneros‐Pérez Pablo A. , Proaño‐Bolaños Carolina , Radice Matteo , Niño‐Ruíz Zulay , Mogollón Noroska G. S.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Aqueous stem bark extracts of Aspidosperma rigidum Rusby, Couroupita guianensis Aubl., Monteverdia laevis (Reissek) Biral, and Protium sagotianum Marchand have been reported as traditional remedies in several countries of the Amazonian region. Despite previous research, further investigation to characterize secondary metabolites and the biological activity of extracts is needed to derive potential applications.

Material and Methods

Metabolic profiling was carried out using liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS and GC–MS). The chemical composition of the studied plants was further compared by principal component analysis (PCA). Additionally, chemical profiles were correlated with antimicrobial and toxicity activities, which suggested potential metabolites for future research.

Results

We identified 16 and 32 compounds by UHPLC–MS/MS and GC–MS analysis, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was detected in three stem bark extracts. C. guianensis showed inhibition of all tested microorganisms, including antibiotic‐resistant strains. Molecular networking approaches, in silico tools, and Pearson's correlation showed that antifungal compounds could be a terpene glycoside (r = 0.918) and/or a phenolic (r = 0.882) metabolite class.

Conclusion

This study highlights the use of the established procedure in exploring the metabolomes of these species, which could be a novel source of antimicrobial drug discovery. Coupling the observed biological potential with UHPLC–MS/MS data has also accelerated the tracing of their bioactive compounds. These findings update the state of the art regarding the chemical composition and biological activity of the plant extracts, defining potential new applications for the pharmaceutical applications.
Preparation and Properties of Solid Propellant Adhesive System Based on Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Wax Thermoplastic Elastomer
Authors: Hong Shih‐Ya , Wu Kuo‐Hui , Yeh Tsao‐Fa , Huang Wen‐Chien , Wang Je‐Chuang
Published: January 2025

In this study, an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/wax‐based thermoplastic propellant was prepared using a planetary mixer. High‐viscosity EVA was used as the thermoplastic elastomer, and either solid wax based on EVA oligomers or alternative liquid tributyl 2‐acetylcitrate (TBAC) were used as plasticizers to adjust its viscosity. This enhances the flow characteristics and reduces torque during the mixing process. Results: The addition of 30 wt.% wax significantly reduced the viscosity from 218.8 to 12.67 Pa s, whereas the addition of liquid TBAC did not lead to a significant reduction in the viscosity of EVA. Designed with different ratios of EVA/wax binder with a superior stress–strain relationship over polyurethane (PU). The EVA/wax‐based propellant has stable combustion characteristics at different combustion chamber pressures. St. Robert's Law provides an equation for the rate of combustion, and the performance parameters of the propellant derived from the internal ballistics simulation analysis are very valuable.
Electrospun nanofibers as controlled release systems for the combined pheromones of Grapholita molesta and Cydia pomonella
Authors: Xiang Hui‐Ming , Wei Xiao‐Hong , Li Yi‐Ran , Zhang Bo‐Jun , Li Min , Ma Rui‐Yan
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

As sex pheromones are environmentally friendly and specific, they are often used to monitor and control oriental fruit moths (OFMs). Currently, non‐biodegradable polymers are commonly employed as carriers to prepare controlled sex pheromone release systems for plant protection. Electrospinning is a relatively simple technique for preparing biodegradable nanofibers that allows for the controlled release of sex pheromones. This study aimed to develop a biodegradable controlled release system for the combination of OFM pheromone and codlemone via electrospinning, in which codlemone was used as a synergist for OFM pheromone.

RESULTS

New systems for the controlled release of combined pheromones from OFM and colding moths were developed using electrospun nanofibers from polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and polylactic acid (PLA). In the indoor experiments, the load ratio and release stability of CA nanofibers loaded with combined pheromones (CA‐SP) were superior to those of the other two nanofiber types. In the field experiments, among all the treatments, 10 mg of CA‐SP was the most attractive to OFMs, and its effective duration was approximately 6 weeks. The optimum storage temperature for all nanofibers was −20 °C.

CONCLUSION

Electrospun CA‐SP nanofibers were biodegradable and environmentally friendly, with stable release. This study presents a new technique that could be beneficial for the monitoring and control of OFMs. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Influence of Doping with Substitutional and Interstitial Atoms and Oxygen Vacancies on the Electronic Spectrum of Lanthanum Scandate
Authors: Zainullina Veronika Maratovna , Korotin Michael Arcadevich
Published: January 2025

The electronic spectra of lanthanum scandate LaScO3 doped only in the scandium sublattice La[Sc0.95Co0.05]O3 or in several sublattices simultaneously (such as [La1–xSrx][Sc1–yCoy]O3–δ) are calculated using the coherent potential approximation. The reasons for the change in the electronic spectrum of LaScO3 within its bandgap are identified depending on the concentration of additive (including interstitial) components, at 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3, y = 0.05, and δ ≤ 0.1, 0 ≤ z in La1–xSrxSc1–yCoyO3–δHz. It is found that the presence of Co substitutional atoms in the Sc sublattice leads to the appearance of additional peaks in the center of the bandgap of LaScO3. Sr and H atoms and oxygen vacancy regulate the filling of the Co3d bands. The movement of the Fermi level within the bandgap due to additive components with different concentrations allows one to predict how the electronic properties of complex‐doped compounds will change.
Reinforcement Learning‐Based Prescribed Performance Formation Control for USVs With Collision Avoidance and Preserved Connectivity
Authors: Li Gengqi , Wang Wei , Cao Liang
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes the reinforcement learning‐based prescribed performance optimal formation control approach for a fleet of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) with collision avoidance and preserved connectivity. Firstly, to improve the prescribed performance of formation errors while ensuring collision avoidance and preserving connectivity between two successive USVs, the monotone tube boundary functions are designed. Compared to the traditional exponential form of prescribed performance control, the formation error can converge accurately to the vicinity of the origin within a predefined time, and the overshoot of the formation error is constrained. Secondly, in order to derive realistic optimal solutions, an actor‐critic reinforcement learning algorithm is implemented and the unknown parameters are approximated using identifier neural networks, which simplifies the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation to obtain optimal control solutions. Meanwhile, to simplify the computational complexity, a simple positive function is designed, and the gradient descent method is applied to it such that the simplified critic and actor weight updating laws are acquired. Finally, within the framework of the backstepping method, the adaptive optimal formation control strategy ensures that USVs follow a given reference trajectory and maintain the required line‐of‐sight (LOS) range between two consecutive USVs. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control approach are well illustrated by the simulation results.
Event‐Triggered Integral Sliding Mode Control for Nonlinear Networked Cascade Control Systems With Uncertain Delay
Authors: Du Zhaoping , Wang Haojie , Li Jianzhen , Yang Xiaofei , Ye Hui
Published: January 2025

This article investigates the problem of event‐triggered integral sliding mode control (ISMC) for a class of nonlinear networked cascade control systems (NCCSs). Due to the limited communication bandwidth between network nodes, uncertain delay can occur during transmission. This may result in a deterioration of the capabilities of NCCS and system instability in certain instances. Thus, an event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) and ISMC are introduced into the system, and a new model is constructed to increase the network bandwidth and reduce the effect of nonlinear perturbation. After that, the design of two controllers and ETM is accomplished through the use of the Lyapunov generalized method and linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. Finally, a simulation example of a power plant model is given to verify the effectiveness of the method. The results show that, for the first time, the event‐triggered ISMC is applied to NCCSs, which greatly saves the network bandwidth resources. The states of the system can reach the sliding mode surface (SMS) in finite time and remain stabilized there afterward, which ensures the stable operation of the system.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts for Zinc‐Air Batteries Featuring Single Cobalt Atoms in a Nitrogen‐Doped 3D‐Interconnected Porous Graphene Framework
Authors: Zou Jiaxin , Bao Lishi , Sun Qifeng , Bao Chenguang , Chen Hui , Liu Hongbo
Published: January 2025

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with high activity and efficient atom utilization for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) are imperative for rechargeable Zinc‐air batteries (ZABs). However, it is still a prominent challenge to construct a noble‐metal‐free SAC with low cost but high efficiency. Herein, a novel nitrogen‐doped graphene (NrGO) based SAC, immobilized with atomically dispersed single cobalt (Co) atoms (Co‐NrGO‐SAC), is reported for ORRs. In this 3D NrGO, the Co‐N4 sites endow high‐efficiency ORR activity, and the 3D‐interconnected porous architectures of NrGOs guarantee numberous active sites accessibility. Compared to commercial Pt/C catalyst (≈5.8 mA cm−2), as‐prepared Co‐NrGO‐SACs presents considerable limiting current density of ≈5.9 mA cm−2, prominent half‐wave potential of ≈0.84 V, onset potential of ≈1.05 V, and as well as superior methanol resistance. Particularly, ZABs with Co‐NrGO‐SACs deliver remarkable power density (≈240 mW cm−2), super durability of over 233 h at 5 mA cm−2, outperforming noble‐metal‐based benchmarks. This work provides an effective noble‐metal free carbon‐based SAC nano‐engineering for superdurable ZABs.
Atomically Dispersed Fe‐Mo Catalysts Mediate Fenton‐Like Reaction to Efficiently Degrade Chlorophenol Pollutants Through Synergistic Oxidation and Dechlorination Reactions
Authors: Xiao Han , Luo Di , Fang Duoduo , Yang Yupeng , Zi Jiangzhi , Lian Zichao
Published: January 2025

Chlorophenols are difficult to degrade and mineralize by traditional advanced oxidation processes due to the strong electronegativity of chlorine. Here, a dual‐site atomically dispersed catalyst (FeMoNC) is reported, which Fe/Mo supported on mesoporous nitrogen‐doped carbon is prepared through high‐temperature migration. The FeMoNC exhibits a high dechlorination rate of 93.3% within 1 min. Theoretical calculation suggested that the doping of high‐valence Mo6+ as the electron reservoir, promoted electronic delocalization at Fe sites, thereby enhancing the adsorption and dissociation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), subsequent generation of Fe (IV) = O and singlet oxygen (1O2) species. An interesting finding is that Mo sites can adsorb chlorine sites in 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP) and induce C─Cl bond fracture. Thus, the FeMoNC/PMS system has high catalytic performance due to the synergistic effects of Mo‐induced dechlorination and non‐radical species (Fe(IV) = O and 1O2) as the degradation pathways, the degradation efficiency of 99.1% of 4‐CP within 5 min without significant performance decline after 168 h ≈15,120‐bed volumes. These findings can advance mechanistic understanding of PMS activation at the molecular level and guide the rational design of efficient eco‐friendly single‐atom catalysts (SACs) catalysts with bimetallic atomic sites.
Induction of Nanoscale Magnetic Ordering in Non‐Ferrous Layered Double Hydroxides: Stabilizing Spintronic Electrocatalysis
Authors: Kansal Sakshi , Ravindran Rahul , Srivastava Alok Kumar , Chandra Amreesh
Published: January 2025

Inducing magnetic ordering in a non‐ferrous layered double hydroxides (LDHs) instigates higher spin polarization, which leads to enhanced efficiency during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In nano‐sized magnetic materials, the concept of elongated grains drives domain alignment under the application of an external magnetic field. Hence, near the solid electrode interface, modified magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) positively impacts the electrocatalytic ability of non‐ferrous nanocatalysts. Consequently, significant improvement in the water‐splitting kinetics can be obtained by using even low magnetic fields. At 100 Gauss, 20% and 10% decrement in the overpotential is reported for OER and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are also presented to explain the thermodynamics of the HER/OER processes. It is established that the Gibbs energy of the process can reduce the exchange energy barrier by using dopant like cobalt. The additional cobalt metal active site have the highest probability for adsorption of reactive intermediates during HER and OER, which results in higher efficiencies.
Droplet‐Based EPR Spectroscopy for Real‐Time Monitoring of Liquid‐Phase Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Moragues Thomas , Agrachev Mikhail , Mitchell Sharon , Jeschke Gunnar , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier , deMello Andrew J.
Published: January 2025

In situ monitoring is essential for catalytic process design, offering real‐time insights into active structures and reactive intermediates. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy excels at probing geometric and electronic properties of paramagnetic species during reactions. Yet, state‐of‐the‐art liquid‐phase EPR methods, like flat cells, require custom resonators, consume large amounts of reagents, and are unsuited for tracking initial kinetics or use with solid catalysts. To overcome these limitations, a droplet‐based microfluidics platform is introduced for real‐time EPR monitoring of liquid‐phase catalytic reactions. By encapsulating solid and dissolved species within nanoliter droplets, this approach enables precise control over mass transport, reduces reagent consumption, and maintains uniform residence times irrespective of acquisition duration, permitting precise analysis of each spectral component under identical conditions. The platform's compatibility with standard resonators facilitates straightforward integration into any EPR spectrometer. Its versatility is demonstrated by monitoring dynamic ligand exchange processes, key for activating homogeneous catalysts, and tracking redox and radical kinetics in ascorbic acid oxidation by Cu(II) catalysts. Importantly, this method captures both supported and dissolved transition metal species, offering comprehensive insights into catalyst deactivation via metal leaching. This microfluidic approach sets a new standard for liquid‐phase in situ EPR measurements, advancing studies of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems.
Stress Release of Zincophilic N‐Doped Carbon@Sn Composite on High‐Curvature Surface of Zinc Foam for Dendrite‐Free 3D Zinc Anode
Authors: Lin Yunhui , Lin Fang , Zhang Ming , Jiao Xingxing , Dong Panpan , Yang Weiqing
Published: January 2025

Commercial 3D zinc foam anodes with high deposition space and ion permeation have shown great potential in aqueous ion batteries. However, the local accumulated stress from its high‐curvature surface exacerbates the Zn dendrite issue, leading to poor reversibility. Herein, we have employed zincophilic N‐doped carbon@Sn composites (N‐C@Sn) as nano‐fillings to effectively release the local stress of high curvature surface of 3D Zn foams toward dendrite‐free anode in aqueous zinc ion battery (AZIB). These electronegative and conductive N‐C@Sn nano‐fillings as supporters can provide a highly zincophilic channel for initial Zn nucleation and reduce local current density for regulating Zn deposition. Uniform Zn deposition further assists homogenous stress distribution on the platting surface, which gives a positive feedback loop to improve anode reversibility. As a result, zinc foam with N‐C@Sn composite (ZCSn Foam) symmetric cell achieves a long cycle lifespan of 1100h at 0.5 mA cm−2, much more than that of Zn Foam (∼80 h lifespan). The full cell ZCSn Foam||MnO2 exhibits remarkable reversibility with 67% retention after 1000 cycles at 0.8 A g−1 and 76% after 1600 cycles at 2 Ag−1. This 3D‐constructing strategy may offer a promising and practical pathway for metal anode application.
Industrial Experiment of the Online Accelerated Cooling for 27SiMn Seamless Steel Pipe
Authors: Wang Bin‐Bin , Yang Wen , Liu Yan‐Chun , Zhang Tian‐Tian
Published: January 2025

An online accelerated cooling equipment for seamless steel pipe is introduced, which can cool the inner and outer surfaces of seamless steel pipe simultaneously. Through industrial experiments, the 27SiMn test steel pipe is subjected to an online accelerated cooling process with a final cooling temperature of 510–590 °C. The outer diameter, wall thickness, and length of the test steel pipe are 180, 20, and 13000 mm, respectively. This process successfully upgrades its mechanical property grade from the original J55 to the N80 grade, with yield strength of 603–630 MPa, tensile strength of 830–839 MPa, elongation of 22–24%, and impact toughness of 35–37 J at 0 °C.