bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colonial Schadenfreude: Mocking Europeans in the Philippines and the Dutch East Indies during the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
Authors: Bayona Jorge
Published: April 2023

The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) attracted more than passing interest in the pages ofEl Renacimientoin the Philippines andBintang Hindiain the Dutch East Indies. Both publications featured pieces with editorializing tones that indulged in a significant degree of delight at the spectacle of Russian defeats and humiliations at the hands of the Japanese. This article engages in a close reading of this coverage to insert these instances of colonial schadenfreude into the broader trajectories of shaping communities of readers and nationalist awakenings in both colonies. Filipino nationalists inEl Renacimientodropped clear clues likening Russian aggression against Japan, an archipelagic Asian nation like the Philippines, to that which Filipinos experienced under the Americans, thus engaging in a symbolic displacement of that international event into their own historical present. Mocking Russians was part of a nationalist reading of the war that allowed for delight in the spectacle of White humiliation and the prospects of Japanese aid in anti-colonial struggle. The way the Russo-Japanese War was commented on byBintang Hindialess than ten years before the ‘national awakening’ period was remarkably similar to the reporting inEl Renacimiento. This isomorphism between two different historical contexts allows us to examine the role that mockery of Europeans played in forming a community of readers, nationalism, and the gradual undermining of the ideas of White supremacy on which colonialism was predicated.
Zum therapeutischen Potenzial der Gabe von Präbiotika und Probiotika bei kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Schneider Andrea , Zeiler Michael , Kopp Konstantin , Wagner Gudrun , Karwautz Andreas
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung: In diesem kurzen Überblick soll die Literatur zu therapeutischen Interventionen mit Prä- und Probiotika für psychiatrische Störungen im Kindes-, Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter zusammengefasst und dadurch das Potenzial von Prä- und Probiotika für den Einsatz in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie abgeleitet werden. Im Kindes- und Jugendalter finden sich derzeit vorrangig Studien zur Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung und Autismus-Spektrum-Störung, welche vereinzelt positive Effekte von Probiotika auf die kognitive Symptomatik und Lebensqualität zeigen. Erste Studien mit Jugendlichen mit Anorexia nervosa weisen auf das Potenzial einer Probiotikagabe als Unterstützung für die Gewichtszunahme und zur Verringerung gastrointestinaler Beschwerden hin. Die Wirksamkeit von Prä- und Probiotika bei Depression, bipolarer Störung, Angststörungen und Schizophrenie wurden bis dato vorrangig bei erwachsenen Patient_innen untersucht. Die höchste Evidenz für Prä- und Probiotikainterventionen zeigt sich derzeit bei den depressiven Störungen, wobei die Effekte auf die depressive Symptomatik meist gering ausfallen. Positive Evidenz zeigt sich auch für gastrointestinale Begleiterscheinungen bei diesen psychiatrischen Erkrankungen. Trotz dieser positiven Effekte weist die vorhandene Literatur allerdings sehr gemischte Effekte auf, die unter anderem aus sehr heterogenen Studiendesigns resultieren können. Dennoch zeigt sich ein vielversprechendes Potenzial von Prä- und Probiotika für den Kinder- und Jugendbereich. Weitere Studien unter Einbezug kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischer Patient_innen, die die Komplexität der Darm-Hirn-Achse berücksichtigen, sind dringend notwendig.
Bursty Energetic Electron Precipitation by High‐Order Resonance With Very‐Oblique Whistler‐Mode Waves
Authors: Gan Longzhi , Artemyev Anton , Li Wen , Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Ma Qianli , Mourenas Didier , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Tsai Ethan , Wilkins Colin
Published: April 2023

Resonant interactions with whistler‐mode waves are one of the most important drivers for rapid energetic electron precipitation. In this letter, we study a conjunction event, where bursts of energetic electron precipitation (50–800 keV) with timescales of several seconds are observed by the twin ELFIN Cubesats at low Earth orbit, while very‐oblique intense whistler‐mode waves are observed by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms E satellite at the conjugate magnetic equator. Our observation‐constrained test‐particle simulations reveal that the electron precipitation, particularly above 100 keV, results from high‐order resonant scattering by the very‐oblique whistler‐mode waves. Our study provides the first direct evidence for high‐order resonance driven precipitation, explaining a bursty precipitation event. The results demonstrate that high‐order resonant scattering could be important, not only in long‐term diffusion models, but also in models of short timescale events.
Ocean Barotropic Vorticity Balances: Theory and Application to Numerical Models
Authors: Waldman Robin , Giordani Hervé
Published: April 2023

The barotropic vorticity (BV) balance is fundamental when interpreting the ocean gyre circulation. Here we propose an intercomparison of vorticity equations for the depth‐integrated flow applied to ocean models. We review four distinct variants of the BV balances, each giving access to diagnostic equations for the depth‐integrated ocean circulation, either meridional, across geostrophic contours or its divergence. We then formulate those balances in the Vorticity Balances in NEMO (VoBiN) diagnostic package aimed at the NEMO ocean platform and more generally C‐grid ocean models. We show that spatial discretization of the equations of motion have profound implications for those vorticity balances. Finally, we diagnose the main balances of a global ocean climate simulation. In all vorticity balances, topographic torques arise from interactions of the flow with slanting topography. We identify significant spurious topographic torques related to the model's C‐grid discretizations, and we suggest ways to address them. In the depth‐integrated and BV balances, bottom vortex stretching and bottom pressure torque drive the flow interaction with topography, respectively. Contrary to Sverdrup theory, the wind stress curl, although dominant in the interior Subtropics, becomes a minor player anywhere significant bottom velocities prevail. The geostrophic contour vorticity balance highlights the limits of barotropic models of the ocean circulation through the so‐called JEBAR term. Finally, the transport divergence vorticity balance stresses the limitations of Ekman plus geostrophic dynamics for the mass balance closure in ocean models. This framework should encourage ocean modellers to diagnose more routinely momentum and vorticity equations.
A Spatiotemporal Assessment of Extreme Cold in Northwestern North America Following the Unidentified 1809 CE Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Leland C. , D’Arrigo R. , Davi N. , Anchukaitis K. J. , Andreu‐Hayles L. , Porter T. J. , Galloway T. , Mant M. , Wiles G. , Wilson R. , Beaulieu S. , Oelkers R. , Gaglioti B. V. , Rao M. P. , Reid E. , Nixon T.
Published: April 2023

Two large volcanic eruptions contributed to extreme cold temperatures during the early 1800s, one of the coldest phases of the Little Ice Age. While impacts from the massive 1815 Tambora eruption in Indonesia are relatively well‐documented, much less is known regarding an unidentified volcanic event around 1809. Here, we describe the spatial extent, duration, and magnitude of cold conditions following this eruption in northwestern North America using a high‐resolution network of tree‐ring records that capture past warm‐season temperature variability. Extreme and persistent cold temperatures were centered around the Gulf of Alaska, the adjacent Wrangell‐St Elias Mountains, and the southern Yukon, while cold anomalies diminished with distance from this core region. This distinct spatial pattern of temperature anomalies suggests that a weak Aleutian Low and conditions similar to a negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation could have contributed to regional cold extremes after the 1809 eruption.
Extending Height Above Nearest Drainage to Model Multiple Fluvial Sources in Flood Inundation Mapping Applications for the U.S. National Water Model
Authors: Aristizabal Fernando , Salas Fernando , Petrochenkov Gregory , Grout Trevor , Avant Brian , Bates Bradford , Spies Ryan , Chadwick Nick , Wills Zachary , Judge Jasmeet
Published: April 2023

Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND), a drainage normalizing terrain index, is a means able of producing flood inundation maps (FIMs) from the National Water Model (NWM) at large scales and high resolutions using reach‐averaged synthetic rating curves. We highlight here that HAND is limited to producing inundation only when sourced from its nearest flowpath, thus lacks the ability to source inundation from multiple fluvial sources. A version of HAND, known as Generalized Mainstems (GMS), is proposed that discretizes a target stream network into segments of unit Horton‐Strahler stream order known as level paths (LPs). The FIMs associated with each independent LP are then mosaiced together, effectively turning the stream network into discrete groups of homogeneous unit stream order by removing the influence of neighboring tributaries. Improvement in mapping skill is observed by significantly reducing false negatives at river junctions when the inundation extents are compared to FIMs from that of benchmarks. A more marginal reduction in the false alarm rate is also observed due to a shift introduced in the stage‐discharge relationship by increasing the size of the catchments. We observe that the improvement of this method applied at 4%–5% of the entire stream network to 100% of the network is about the same magnitude improvement as going from no drainage order reduction to 4%–5% of the network. This novel contribution is framed in a new open‐source implementation that utilizes the latest combination of hydro‐conditioning techniques to enforce drainage and counter limitations in the input data.
Exploring potential molecular resistance and clonal evolution in advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer under trastuzumab therapy
Authors: Xu Qi , Xu Xiaoqing , Tang Haimeng , Yan Junrong , Li Jingjing , Bao Hua , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Luo Cong , Wen Haimin , Jin Jianying , Ying Jieer
Published: April 2023

HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC) makes up 15–20% of all GC incidences, and targeted therapy with trastuzumab is the standard of treatment. However, the mechanisms of resistance to trastuzumab are still not fully understood and presents a significant challenge in clinical practice. In this study, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on paired tumor tissues before trastuzumab treatment (at baseline) and at progressive disease (PD) in 23 GC patients. Clinicopathological and molecular features that may be associated with primary and/or acquired resistance to trastuzumab were identified. Lauren classification of intestinal type was associated with a more prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) than diffuse type (HR = 0.29, P = 0.019). Patients with low tumor mutation burden (TMB) showed significantly worse PFS, while high chromosome instability (CIN) was correlated with prolonged OS (HR = 0.27; P = 0.044). Patients who responded to treatment had a higher CIN than nonresponders, and a positive trend towards increasing CIN was observed as response improved (P = 0.019). In our cohort, the most common genes to acquire mutations are AURKA, MYC, STK11, and LRP6 with four patients each. We also discovered an association between clonal branching pattern and survival, with an extensive clonal branching pattern being more closely related to a shorter PFS than other branching patterns (HR = 4.71; P = 0.008). We identified potential molecular and clinical factors that provide insight regarding potential association to trastuzumab resistance in advanced HER2-positive GC patients.
Strengths, gaps, and future directions on the landscape of ethics-related research for spinal cord injury
Authors: Nuechterlein Anna , Feng Lydia , Yehia Alaa , Illes Judy
Published: April 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects between 250,000–500,000 people globally each year. While the medical aspects of SCI have received considerable attention in the academic literature, discourse pertaining to its ethical implications is more limited. The experience of SCI is shaped by intersecting demographic and identity factors such as gender, race, and culture that necessitate an intersectional and value-based approach to ethics-related research that is properly situated in context. Given this background, we conducted a content analysis of academic studies exploring the perspectives and priorities of individuals with SCI published in peer-reviewed journals in the decade between 2012–2021. Terms pertaining to SCI and ethics were combined in a search of two major publication databases. We documented overall publication patterns, recruitment and research methods, reporting of demographic variables, and ethics-related discourse. Seventy (70) papers met inclusion criteria and were categorized by their major foci. Findings reveal a gap in reporting of participant demographics, particularly with respect to race and ethnicity, geographic background, and household income. We discuss these person-centered themes and gaps that must be closed in the reporting and supporting of SCI research.
Subtypes in addiction and their neurobehavioral profiles across three functional domains
Authors: Drossel Gunner , Brucar Leyla R. , Rawls Eric , Hendrickson Timothy J. , Zilverstand Anna
Published: April 2023

Rates of return to use in addiction treatment remain high. We argue that the development of improved treatment options will require advanced understanding of individual heterogeneity in Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). We hypothesized that considerable individual differences exist in the three functional domains underlying addiction—approach-related behavior, executive function, and negative emotionality. We included N = 593 participants from the enhanced Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample community sample (ages 18–59, 67% female) that included N = 420 Controls and N = 173 with past SUDs [54% female; N = 75 Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) only, N = 30 Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) only, and N = 68 Multiple SUDs]. To test our a priori hypothesis that distinct neuro-behavioral subtypes exist within individuals with past SUDs, we conducted a latent profile analysis with all available phenotypic data as input (74 subscales from 18 measures), and then characterized resting-state brain function for each discovered subtype. Three subtypes with distinct neurobehavioral profiles were recovered (p < 0.05, Cohen’s D: 0.4–2.8): a “Reward type” with higher approach-related behavior (N = 69); a “Cognitive type” with lower executive function (N = 70); and a “Relief type” with high negative emotionality (N = 34). For those in the Reward type, substance use mapped onto resting-state connectivity in the Value/Reward, Ventral-Frontoparietal and Salience networks; for the Cognitive type in the Auditory, Parietal Association, Frontoparietal and Salience networks; and for the Relief type in the Parietal Association, Higher Visual and Salience networks (pFDR < 0.05). Subtypes were equally distributed amongst individuals with different primary SUDs (χ2 = 4.71, p = 0.32) and gender (χ2 = 3.44, p = 0.18). Results support functionally derived subtypes, demonstrating considerable individual heterogeneity in the multi-dimensional impairments in addiction. This confirms the need for mechanism-based subtyping to inform the development of personalized addiction medicine approaches.
Genetic deletion of phosphodiesterase 4D in the liver improves kidney damage in high-fat fed mice: liver-kidney crosstalk
Authors: Tao Xiang , Chen Can , Huang Zheng , Lei Yu , Wang Muru , Wang Shuhui , Tian Dean
Published: April 2023

A growing body of epidemiological evidence suggests that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the regulatory mechanism linking NAFLD and CKD remains unclear. Our previous studies have shown that overexpression of PDE4D in mouse liver is sufficient for NAFLD, but little is known about its role in kidney injury. Here, liver-specific PDE4D conditional knockout (LKO) mice, adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8)-mediated gene transfer of PDE4D and the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast were used to assess the involvement of hepatic PDE4D in NAFLD-associated renal injury. We found that mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks developed hepatic steatosis and kidney injury, with an associated increase in hepatic PDE4D but no changes in renal PDE4D. Furthermore, liver-specific knockout of PDE4D or pharmacological inhibition of PDE4 with roflumilast ameliorated hepatic steatosis and kidney injury in HFD-fed diabetic mice. Correspondingly, overexpression of hepatic PDE4D resulted in significant renal damage. Mechanistically, highly expressed PDE4D in fatty liver promoted the production and secretion of TGF-β1 into blood, which triggered kidney injury by activating SMADs and subsequent collagen deposition. Our findings revealed PDE4D might act as a critical mediator between NAFLD and associated kidney injury and indicated PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast as a potential therapeutic strategy for NAFLD-associated CKD.
Metal-rich stars are less suitable for the evolution of life on their planets
Authors: Shapiro Anna V. , Brühl Christoph , Klingmüller Klaus , Steil Benedikt , Shapiro Alexander I. , Witzke Veronika , Kostogryz Nadiia , Gizon Laurent , Solanki Sami K. , Lelieveld Jos
Published: April 2023

Atmospheric ozone and oxygen protect the terrestrial biosphere against harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Here, we model atmospheres of Earth-like planets hosted by stars with near-solar effective temperatures (5300 to 6300 K) and a broad range of metallicities covering known exoplanet host stars. We show that paradoxically, although metal-rich stars emit substantially less ultraviolet radiation than metal-poor stars, the surface of their planets is exposed to more intense ultraviolet radiation. For the stellar types considered, metallicity has a larger impact than stellar temperature. During the evolution of the universe, newly formed stars have progressively become more metal-rich, exposing organisms to increasingly intense ultraviolet radiation. Our findings imply that planets hosted by stars with low metallicity are the best targets to search for complex life on land.
Multiple episodes of ice loss from the Wilkes Subglacial Basin during the Last Interglacial
Authors: Iizuka Mutsumi , Seki Osamu , Wilson David J. , Suganuma Yusuke , Horikawa Keiji , van de Flierdt Tina , Ikehara Minoru , Itaki Takuya , Irino Tomohisa , Yamamoto Masanobu , Hirabayashi Motohiro , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Sugisaki Saiko
Published: April 2023

The Last Interglacial (LIG: 130,000–115,000 years ago) was a period of warmer global mean temperatures and higher and more variable sea levels than the Holocene (11,700–0 years ago). Therefore, a better understanding of Antarctic ice-sheet dynamics during this interval would provide valuable insights for projecting sea-level change in future warming scenarios. Here we present a high-resolution record constraining ice-sheet changes in the Wilkes Subglacial Basin (WSB) of East Antarctica during the LIG, based on analysis of sediment provenance and an ice melt proxy in a marine sediment core retrieved from the Wilkes Land margin. Our sedimentary records, together with existing ice-core records, reveal dynamic fluctuations of the ice sheet in the WSB, with thinning, melting, and potentially retreat leading to ice loss during both early and late stages of the LIG. We suggest that such changes along the East Antarctic Ice Sheet margin may have contributed to fluctuating global sea levels during the LIG.
PeSTo: parameter-free geometric deep learning for accurate prediction of protein binding interfaces
Authors: Krapp Lucien F. , Abriata Luciano A. , Cortés Rodriguez Fabio , Dal Peraro Matteo
Published: April 2023

Proteins are essential molecular building blocks of life, responsible for most biological functions as a result of their specific molecular interactions. However, predicting their  binding  interfaces remains a challenge. In this study, we present a geometric transformer that acts directly on atomic coordinates labeled only with element names. The resulting model—the Protein Structure Transformer, PeSTo—surpasses the current state of the art in predicting protein-protein interfaces and can also predict and differentiate between interfaces involving nucleic acids, lipids, ions, and small molecules with high confidence. Its low computational cost enables processing high volumes of structural data, such as molecular dynamics ensembles allowing for the discovery of interfaces that remain otherwise inconspicuous in static experimentally solved structures. Moreover, the growing foldome provided by de novo structural predictions can be easily analyzed, providing new opportunities to uncover unexplored biology.
Chemically routed interpore molecular diffusion in metal-organic framework thin films
Authors: Maity Tanmoy , Malik Pratibha , Bawari Sumit , Ghosh Soumya , Mondal Jagannath , Haldar Ritesh
Published: April 2023

Transport diffusivity of molecules in a porous solid is constricted by the rate at which molecules move from one pore to the other, along the concentration gradient, i.e. by following Fickian diffusion. In heterogeneous porous materials, i.e. in the presence of pores of different sizes and chemical environments, diffusion rate and directionality remain tricky to estimate and adjust. In such a porous system, we have realized that molecular diffusion direction can be orthogonal to the concentration gradient. To experimentally determine this complex diffusion rate dependency and get insight of the microscopic diffusion pathway, we have designed a model nanoporous structure, metal-organic framework (MOF). In this model two chemically and geometrically distinct pore windows are spatially oriented by an epitaxial, layer-by-layer growth method. The specific design of the nanoporous channels and quantitative mass uptake rate measurements have indicated that the mass uptake is governed by the interpore diffusion along the direction orthogonal to the concentration gradient. This revelation allows chemically carving the nanopores, and accelerating the interpore diffusion and kinetic diffusion selectivity.
Quasi-seamless stitching for large-area micropatterned surfaces enabled by Fourier spectral analysis of moiré patterns
Authors: Kim Woo Young , Seo Bo Wook , Lee Sang Hoon , Lee Tae Gyung , Kwon Sin , Chang Won Seok , Nam Sang-Hoon , Fang Nicholas X. , Kim Seok , Cho Young Tae
Published: April 2023

The main challenge in preparing a flexible mold stamp using roll-to-roll nanoimprint lithography is to simultaneously increase the imprintable area with a minimized perceptible seam. However, the current methods for stitching multiple small molds to fabricate large-area molds and functional surfaces typically rely on the alignment mark, which inevitably produces a clear alignment mark and stitched seam. In this study, we propose a mark-less alignment by the pattern itself method inspired by moiré technique, which uses the Fourier spectral analysis of moiré patterns formed by superposed identical patterns for alignment. This method is capable of fabricating scalable functional surfaces and imprint molds with quasi-seamless and alignment mark-free patterning. By harnessing the rotational invariance property in the Fourier transform, our approach is confirmed to be a simple and efficient method for extracting the rotational and translational offsets in overlapped periodic or nonperiodic patterns with a minimized stitched region, thereby allowing for the large-area and quasi-seamless fabrication of imprinting molds and functional surfaces, such as liquid-repellent film and micro-optical sheets, that surpass the conventional alignment and stitching limits and potentially expand their application in producing large-area metasurfaces.
Expansion of human megakaryocyte-biased hematopoietic stem cells by biomimetic Microniche
Authors: Li Yinghui , He Mei , Zhang Wenshan , Liu Wei , Xu Hui , Yang Ming , Zhang Hexiao , Liang Haiwei , Li Wenjing , Wu Zhaozhao , Fu Weichao , Xu Shiqi , Liu Xiaolei , Fan Sibin , Zhou Liwei , Wang Chaoqun , Zhang Lele , Li Yafang , Gu Jiali , Yin Jingjing , Zhang Yiran , Xia Yonghui , Mao Xuemei , Cheng Tao , Shi Jun , Du Yanan , Gao Yingdai
Published: April 2023

Limited numbers of available hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) limit the widespread use of HSC-based therapies. Expansion systems for functional heterogenous HSCs remain to be optimized. Here, we present a convenient strategy for human HSC expansion based on a biomimetic Microniche. After demonstrating the expansion of HSC from different sources, we find that our Microniche-based system expands the therapeutically attractive megakaryocyte-biased HSC. We demonstrate scalable HSC expansion by applying this strategy in a stirred bioreactor. Moreover, we identify that the functional human megakaryocyte-biased HSCs are enriched in the CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+CD49f lowCD62L-CD133+ subpopulation. Specifically, the expansion of megakaryocyte-biased HSCs is supported by a biomimetic niche-like microenvironment, which generates a suitable cytokine milieu and supplies the appropriate physical scaffolding. Thus, beyond clarifying the existence and immuno-phenotype of human megakaryocyte-biased HSC, our study demonstrates a flexible human HSC expansion strategy that could help realize the strong clinical promise of HSC-based therapies.
European multi regional input output data for 2008–2018
Authors: Huang Siyu , Koutroumpis Pantelis
Published: April 2023

Regioindustry trade flow data are useful inputs for economists and policy makers for a range of planning and disaster-response applications. Within the European Union (EU) whose members enjoy free trade, small variations in these granular trade flows can often propagate to other member-countries far beyond the original trade-shock. In spite of their importance, this information is either outdated or non-existent in the EU as the official databases only provide data at the national-sectoral or regional-only (non-industry specific) level. To fill this gap, we construct Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) tables for 272 European NUTS-2 regions for the period 2008–2018, building on freight transport data as their main trade route across them. The database covers 10 sectors for industry, services and agriculture. We successfully validate our estimates through a direct comparison with a previous MRIO dataset for European regions (REGIO), a sub-sample of countries reporting regional trade flow data as the “ground truth” and a sensitivity analysis reporting relative standard errors well below the MRIO literature average.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Marangoni convection in dissipative flow of nanofluid through porous space
Authors: Ullah Ikram , Alam Mohammad Mahtab , Shah Muhammad Irfan , Weera Wajaree
Published: April 2023

In various machinery engines, the engine oil is utilized as a lubricant. Heat transportation rate and to saving the energy dissipated due to higher temperature are the basic goals of all thermal systems. Thus, current work is mainly focused to develop a model for the Marangoni flow of nanofluids (NFs) with viscous dissipation. The considered NFs are made of nanoparticles (NPs) i.e. $${\text{CoCr}}_{20} {\text{W}}_{15} {\text{N}}$$

CoCr
20

W
15

N

and base fluid (BF) as Engine Oil (EO). Darcy Forchheimer (DF) law which leads to porous medium is implemented in the model to investigate the variations of NF velocity and temperature. The governing flow expressions are simplified through similarity variables. The obtained expressions are solved numerically via an effective technique known as the NDSolve algorithm. The consequences of pertinent variables on temperature, velocity and Nusselt number are designed through tables and graphs. The obtained results reveal that velocity rises for higher Marangoni number, Darcy Forchheimer (DF) parameter whereas it shows decaying behavior against nanoparticles volume fraction.
Transient use of hemolymph for hydraulic wing expansion in cicadas
Authors: Salcedo Mary K. , Ellis Tyler E. , Sáenz Ángela S. , Lu Joyce , Worrell Terrell , Madigan Michael L. , Socha John J.
Published: April 2023

Insect wings must be flexible, light, and strong to allow dynamic behaviors such as flying, mating, and feeding. When winged insects eclose into adults, their wings unfold, actuated hydraulically by hemolymph. Flowing hemolymph in the wing is necessary for functioning and healthy wings, both as the wing forms and as an adult. Because this process recruits the circulatory system, we asked, how much hemolymph is pumped into wings, and what happens to the hemolymph afterwards? Using Brood X cicadas (Magicicada septendecim), we collected 200 cicada nymphs, observing wing transformation over 2 h. Using dissection, weighing, and imaging of wings at set time intervals, we found that within 40 min after emergence, wing pads morphed into adult wings and total wing mass increased to ~ 16% of body mass. Thus, a significant amount of hemolymph is diverted from body to wings to effectuate expansion. After full expansion, in the ~ 80 min after, the mass of the wings decreased precipitously. In fact, the final adult wing is lighter than the initial folded wing pad, a surprising result. These results demonstrate that cicadas not only pump hemolymph into the wings, they then pump it out, producing a strong yet lightweight wing.
Potential cultivation areas of Euterpe edulis (Martius) for rainforest recovery, repopulation and açai production in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: de Novaes Vianna Luiz Fernando , Zambonim Fábio Martinho , Pandolfo Cristina
Published: April 2023

Euterpe edulisis an endangered palm species that provides the most important non-timber forest product exploited in its natural habitat, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot1,4. From 1991 to 2017, pasturelands, agriculture, and monoculture of tree plantations were responsible for 97% of Atlantic Forest deforested areas in Brazil and Santa Catarina was one of the Brazilian states with the greatest loss of forest area14. In the last decade,E. edulisfruits reached their highest commercial value, producing the southeastern equivalent of Amazonian ‘‘açai’’ (Euterpe oleracea)5,7,8. As a shade-tolerant species,E. edulisadapts very well to agroforestry systems8,10. To evaluate potential areas for cultivation ofE. edulisthrough agroforestry systems, we developed and applied a spatial model for mapping suitable areas. To accomplish this, we analyzed multisource biophysical data andE. edulisdistribution data from the Forest Inventory of Santa Catarina. We identified two areas with potential occurrence of the species, one in the domains of coastal Dense Ombrophilous Forest where the species is more common and another in the domains of inland Deciduous Seasonal Forest where its occurrence was suspected, but not proven, until 2021. Today, Deciduous Seasonal Forest is the most fragmented and impacted by agriculture. Our model, together with confirmed areas of occurrence, indicates that deciduous seasonal forest region should be prioritized for production and recovery ofE. edulisthrough agroforestry systems.
Dynamic hierarchical multi-scale fusion network with axial MLP for medical image segmentation
Authors: Cheng Zhikun , Wang Liejun
Published: April 2023

Medical image segmentation provides various effective methods for accuracy and robustness of organ segmentation, lesion detection, and classification. Medical images have fixed structures, simple semantics, and diverse details, and thus fusing rich multi-scale features can augment segmentation accuracy. Given that the density of diseased tissue may be comparable to that of surrounding normal tissue, both global and local information are critical for segmentation results. Therefore, considering the importance of multi-scale, global, and local information, in this paper, we propose the dynamic hierarchical multi-scale fusion network with axial mlp (multilayer perceptron) (DHMF-MLP), which integrates the proposed hierarchical multi-scale fusion (HMSF) module. Specifically, HMSF not only reduces the loss of detail information by integrating the features of each stage of the encoder, but also has different receptive fields, thereby improving the segmentation results for small lesions and multi-lesion regions. In HMSF, we not only propose the adaptive attention mechanism (ASAM) to adaptively adjust the semantic conflicts arising during the fusion process but also introduce Axial-mlp to improve the global modeling capability of the network. Extensive experiments on public datasets confirm the excellent performance of our proposed DHMF-MLP. In particular, on the BUSI, ISIC 2018, and GlaS datasets, IoU reaches 70.65%, 83.46%, and 87.04%, respectively.
Accounting for endogenous effects in decision-making with a non-linear diffusion decision model
Authors: Hoxha Isabelle , Chevallier Sylvain , Ciarchi Matteo , Glasauer Stefan , Delorme Arnaud , Amorim Michel-Ange
Published: April 2023

The Drift-Diffusion Model (DDM) is widely accepted for two-alternative forced-choice decision paradigms thanks to its simple formalism and close fit to behavioral and neurophysiological data. However, this formalism presents strong limitations in capturing inter-trial dynamics at the single-trial level and endogenous influences. We propose a novel model, the non-linear Drift-Diffusion Model (nl-DDM), that addresses these issues by allowing the existence of several trajectories to the decision boundary. We show that the non-linear model performs better than the drift-diffusion model for an equivalent complexity. To give better intuition on the meaning of nl-DDM parameters, we compare the DDM and the nl-DDM through correlation analysis. This paper provides evidence of the functioning of our model as an extension of the DDM. Moreover, we show that the nl-DDM captures time effects better than the DDM. Our model paves the way toward more accurately analyzing across-trial variability for perceptual decisions and accounts for peri-stimulus influences.
Synthesis, in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and molecular dynamic simulations of novel 4-hydroxyquinolinone-hydrazones as potential antidiabetic agents
Authors: Shayegan Nahal , Haghipour Sirous , Tanideh Nader , Moazzam Ali , Mojtabavi Somayeh , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali , Irajie Cambyz , Parizad Sara , Ansari Shirin , Larijani Bagher , Hosseini Samanehsadat , Iraji Aida , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: April 2023

In the present study, new structural variants of 4-hydroxyquinolinone-hydrazones were designed and synthesized. The structure elucidation of the synthetic derivatives 6a–o was carried out using different spectroscopic techniques including FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis, and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was also determined. The synthetic molecules 6a–o exhibited good α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values ranging between 93.5 ± 0.6 to 575.6 ± 0.4 µM as compared to the standard acarbose (IC50 = 752.0 ± 2.0 µM). Structure–activity relationships of this series were established which is mainly based on the position and nature of the substituent on the benzylidene ring. A kinetic study of the active compounds 6l and 6m as the most potent derivatives were also carried out to confirm the mode of inhibition. The binding interactions of the most active compounds within the active site of the enzyme were determined by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations.
Characterisation of thermally treated beech and birch by means of quasi-static tests and ultrasonic waves
Authors: Al-musawi Hajir , Manni Elisa , Stadlmann Alexander , Ungerer Bernhard , Hassan Vand Mojtaba , Lahayne Olaf , Nobile Riccardo , Baumann Georg , Feist Florian , Müller Ulrich
Published: April 2023

Wood, being renewable and highly abundant material, with excellent high specific strength and stiffness, has received increasing attention to be used in high performance applications such as the structural element of a battery case in an electric vehicle. For a successful implementation of wood in the automotive sector, it is, therefore, crucial to understand the behaviour of wood during and after temperature exposure and in the event of fire with the presence/absence of oxygen. In this study, the mechanical properties of thermally modified and unmodified European beech and birch in air and nitrogen environments at six different treatment intensities were characterised using compression tests, tensile tests, shear tests and Poisson’s ratio tests. Further, the elastic properties of these wood species were quantified using the ultrasound measurements. The obtained strength and stiffness exhibited mild improvement upon moderate temperature treatment (200 °C), followed by a decrease at elevated temperature levels. This improvement was somewhat more pronounced under nitrogen treatment than under air treatment conditions. Nevertheless, a more noticeable decrease in the material performance was observed in beech compared to birch, occurring at earlier stages of modifications. This study confirms the tension–compression asymmetry of beech and birch where higher Young’s moduli were obtained from tensile than from compression tests for reference and thermally treated beech and birch. The shear moduli obtained from ultrasound for birch were comparable to those obtained from quasi-static tests, whereas there was an overestimation of approximately 11–59% for the shear modulus of beech compared to quasi-static tests. Poisson’s ratios from ultrasound tests corresponded well with those from quasi-static tests for untreated beech and birch, but not for thermally modified samples. The Saint-Venant model can satisfactorily predict the shear moduli of untreated and treated beech wood.
Measuring lineup fairness from eyewitness identification data using a multinomial processing tree model
Authors: Menne Nicola Marie , Winter Kristina , Bell Raoul , Buchner Axel
Published: April 2023

The mock-witness task is typically used to evaluate the fairness of lineups. However, the validity of this task has been questioned because there are substantial differences between the tasks for mock witnesses and eyewitnesses. Unlike eyewitnesses, mock witnesses must select a person from the lineup and are alerted to the fact that one lineup member might stand out from the others. It therefore seems desirable to base conclusions about lineup fairness directly on eyewitness data rather than on mock-witness data. To test the importance of direct measurements of biased suspect selection in eyewitness identification decisions, we assessed the fairness of lineups containing either morphed or non-morphed fillers using both mock witnesses and eyewitnesses. We used Tredoux’s E and the proportion of suspect selections to measure lineup fairness from mock-witness choices and the two-high threshold eyewitness identification model to measure the biased selection of the suspects directly from eyewitness identification decisions. Results obtained in the mock-witness task and the model-based analysis of data obtained in the eyewitness task converged in showing that simultaneous lineups with morphed fillers were significantly more unfair than simultaneous lineups with non-morphed fillers. However, mock-witness and eyewitness data converged only when the eyewitness task mimicked the mock-witness task by including pre-lineup instructions that (1) discouraged eyewitnesses to reject the lineups and (2) alerted eyewitnesses that a photograph might stand out from the other photographs in the lineup. When a typical eyewitness task was created by removing these two features from the pre-lineup instructions, the morphed fillers no longer lead to unfair lineups. These findings highlight the differences in the cognitive processes of mock witnesses and eyewitnesses and they demonstrate the importance of measuring lineup fairness directly from eyewitness identification decisions rather than indirectly using the mock-witness task.
Discrete time domain modeling and design of current mode controlled flyback LED driver
Authors: Kim Marn-Go
Published: April 2023

In this paper, modeling for a current mode controlled (CMC) flyback LED driver with a stabilizing ramp is performed in a step-by-step procedure. Discrete time state equations for the system are derived and linearized with respect to a steady-state operating point. At this operating point, the switching control law, the condition that determines the duty ratio, is also linearized. In the next step, a closed-loop system model is derived by combining the two models of the flyback driver and the switching control law. The root locus analysis in the z-plane is used to investigate the characteristics of the combined linearized system and obtain design guidelines for feedback loops. The feasibility of the proposed design is confirmed through the experimental results for the CMC flyback LED driver.
Population dynamics and drug resistance mutations in Plasmodium falciparum on the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Moss Sophie , Mańko Emilia , Vasileva Hristina , Da Silva Eunice Teixeira , Goncalves Adriana , Osborne Ashley , Phelan Jody , Rodrigues Amabelia , Djata Paulo , D’Alessandro Umberto , Mabey David , Krishna Sanjeev , Last Anna , Clark Taane G. , Campino Susana
Published: April 2023

Following integrated malaria control interventions, malaria burden on the Bijagós Archipelago has significantly decreased. Understanding the genomic diversity of circulating Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites can assist infection control, through identifying drug resistance mutations and characterising the complexity of population structure. This study presents the first whole genome sequence data for P. falciparum isolates from the Bijagós Archipelago. Amplified DNA from P. falciparum isolates sourced from dried blood spot samples of 15 asymptomatic malaria cases were sequenced. Using 1.3 million SNPs characterised across 795 African P. falciparum isolates, population structure analyses revealed that isolates from the archipelago cluster with samples from mainland West Africa and appear closely related to mainland populations; without forming a separate phylogenetic cluster. This study characterises SNPs associated with antimalarial drug resistance on the archipelago. We observed fixation of the PfDHFR mutations N51I and S108N, associated with resistance to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, and the continued presence of PfCRT K76T, associated with chloroquine resistance. These data have relevance for infection control and drug resistance surveillance; particularly considering expected increases in antimalarial drug use following updated WHO recommendations, and the recent implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention and mass drug administration in the region.
Tunable sulphur doping on CuFe2O4 nanostructures for the selective elimination of organic dyes from water
Authors: Aslam Anam , Abid Muhammad Zeeshan , Rafiq Khezina , Rauf Abdul , Hussain Ejaz
Published: April 2023

In this work, sulphur doped copper ferrites (S-CuFe2O4) photocatalysts were successfully synthesized for the first time using the facile hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized photocatalysts were characterized through XRD, Raman, TGA, FT-IR, UV–Vis-DRS, SEM, EDX and PL techniques. The results revealed that doping with sulphur has been found to be a suitable alternative that causes strain in the lattices as anions replace the oxygen from the CuFe2O4 nanostructures. Due to sulphur dopants, photocatalysts are able to efficiently trap and transfer the photoinduced charges, which readily suppress charge recombination. A UV–Vis spectrophotometer was used to monitor the degradation of selective toxic organic dyes (RhB, CR, MO, and CV) in aqueous media. The dye degradation results provide evidence for the surprisingly superior performance of S-CuFe2O4 over pristine CuFe2O4. On the basis of its efficiencies, this work can be assigned as an excellent candidate for photocatalysis science.
Impacts on water quality in the peatland dominated catchment due to foreseen changes in Nordic Bioeconomy Pathways
Authors: Bhattacharjee Joy , Marttila Hannu , Molina Navarro Eugenio , Juutinen Artti , Tolvanen Anne , Haara Arto , Karhu Jouni , Kløve Bjørn
Published: April 2023

The Nordic Bioeconomy Pathways (NBPs), conceptualized subsets of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways varying from environmentally friendly to open-market competition scenarios, can lead to plausible stressors in future for using bioresources. This study analysed the impacts of NBPs on hydrology and water quality based on two different land system management attributes: management strategy and a combination of reduced stand management and biomass removal at a catchment-scale projection. To understand the potential impacts of NBPs, the Simojoki catchment in northern Finland was chosen, as the catchment mainly covered peatland forestry. The analysis integrated a stakeholder-driven questionnaire, the Finnish Forest dynamics model, and Soil and Water Assessment Tool to build NBP scenarios, including Greenhouse gas emission pathways, for multiple management attributes to simulate flows, nutrients, and suspended solids (SS). For the catchment management strategy, an annual decrease in nutrients was observed for sustainability and business-as-usual scenarios. Reduced stand management and biomass removal also led to decreased export of nutrients and SS for the same scenarios, whereas, in other NBPs, the export of nutrients and SS increased with decreased evapotranspiration. Although the study was investigated at a local scale, based on the current political and socioeconomic situation, the approach used in this study can be outscaled to assess the use of forest and other bioresources in similar catchments.
Framing a novel holistic energy subsystem structure for water-energy-food nexus based on existing literature (basic concepts)
Authors: Vahabzadeh Masoud , Afshar Abbas , Molajou Amir
Published: April 2023

It is interesting to note that the country of Iran is essential in terms of energy production and consumption, and the economy of Iran is mainly dependent on energy revenues. Therefore, thermal and hydropower plants consume water to produce various energy carriers. Considering that Iran is suffering from water stress, the nexus of water and energy becomes very important. This paper frames a comprehensive structure for Iran's energy subsystem within the Water, Energy, and Food (WEF) nexus system. The energy subsystem's supply and demand side in the proposed framework are formulated using data and physic-based equations. The presented framework addresses most interactions between WEF subsystems in a dynamic and adaptive setting. It is shown that through analysis of binding interactions between WEF, different management scenarios can boost the flexibility of the supply and demand side of the energy subsystem. In addition, by incorporating this framework, the water subsystem will manage the allocated and consumed water on the supply side and arrive at the most desirable outcome for the water sector. Also, the optimal cropping pattern could be evaluated based on energy consumption.