bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wearable authentication: Trends and opportunities
Authors: Bianchi Andrea , Oakley Ian
Published: July 2016

Wearables are a rapidly emerging device category with wide-reaching use scenarios. The novel form factors and broad
potential of this technology pose new security challenges: devices are typically on and close to
a user. Furthermore, while they possess limited input and output channels, they often feature rich sensing, computing and
communication capabilities. Due to this novel context, this paper argues that researchers need to reconsider the
functional, technical and social aspects of authenticating, or securely establishing a user's identity, for wearable
devices. This paper contributes to ongoing work on this topic by reviewing wearable authentication schemes according to
the traditional classification of authentication via tokens, passwords or biometrics. The goal of this review is to
provide an illustrated overview of key advances in the area over the past decade that covers a variety of form factors
(wristbands, glasses, jewelry, etc) and modes of operation (single or multi-factor authentication, on one or multiple
devices). Finally, we tie the review together by identifying four key themes that will drive future research: the raise of
implicit authentication that requires no dedicated user action; the use of wearable devices for authentication in
conjunction with other systems; the potential and richness of current available technology and tools for wearable devices
and; the importance and challenges of maintaining privacy and security in wearable contexts.
Forward or Backward Looking? The Economic Discourse and the Observed Reality
Authors: Lüdering Jochen , Winker Peter
Published: July 2016

Is academic research anticipating economic shake-ups or merely reflecting the past? Exploiting the corpus of articles published in the Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik) for the years 1949 to 2010, this pilot study proposes a quantitative framework for addressing these questions. The framework comprises two steps. First, methods from computational linguistics are used to identify relevant topics and their relative importance over time. In particular, Latent Dirichlet Analysis is applied to the corpus after some preparatory work. Second, for some of the topics which are closely related to specific economic indicators, the developments of topic weights and indicator values are confronted in dynamic regression and VAR models. The results indicate that for some topics of interest, the discourse in the journal leads developments in the real economy, while for other topics it is the other way round.
Performance Evaluation of Line Symmetry-Based Validity Indices on Clustering Algorithms
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Chhabra Jitender Kumar , Kumar Dinesh
Published: July 2016

Finding the optimal number of clusters and the appropriate partitioning of the given dataset are the two major challenges while dealing with clustering. For both of these, cluster validity indices are used. In this paper, seven widely used cluster validity indices, namely DB index, PS index, I index, XB index, FS index, K index, and SV index, have been developed based on line symmetry distance measures. These indices provide the measure of line symmetry present in the partitioning of the dataset. These are able to detect clusters of any shape or size in a given dataset, as long as they possess the property of line symmetry. The performance of these indices is evaluated on three clustering algorithms: K-means, fuzzy-C means, and modified harmony search-based clustering (MHSC). The efficacy of symmetry-based validity indices on clustering algorithms is demonstrated on artificial and real-life datasets, six each, with the number of clusters varying from 2 to $\sqrt n ,$ where n is the total number of data points existing in the dataset. The experimental results reveal that the incorporation of line symmetry-based distance improves the capabilities of these existing validity indices in finding the appropriate number of clusters. Comparisons of these indices are done with the point symmetric and original versions of these seven validity indices. The results also demonstrate that the MHSC technique performs better as compared to other well-known clustering techniques. For real-life datasets, analysis of variance statistical analysis is also performed.
Microarray analysis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis growth plates
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey S. , Weiner Dennis S. , Jacquet Robin , Adamczyk Mark J. , Morscher Melanie A. , Landis William J.
Published: July 2016

Background:

Microarray technology has been used to analyze gene expression in patients with and without slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE).

Methods:

Proximal femoral physis core biopsies from two patients with SCFE were compared with two control specimens from age-matched patients without SCFE. Extracted RNA from frozen ground samples was subjected to microarray analysis with data tests for statistical significance between SCFE and control tissues.

Results:

Compared to controls, SCFE samples demonstrated significant up-regulation in gene expression pathways involving physiological defense and inflammatory responses and significant down-regulation in the regulation of cellular physiologic processes, cellular metabolic pathways, and skeletal development pathways including expression of aggrecan and type II collagen, genes affecting physeal structure and integrity.

Conclusions:

Up-regulation of inflammatory and immune response pathways in SCFE compared to controls relates to physeal mechanical displacement in SCFE. Globalized down-regulation of several other pathways suggests growth plate weakening. These novel microarray findings further define SCFE etiology.
Ferritin level is associated with metabolic syndrome and elevated alanine aminotransferase in children and adolescents
Authors: Yi Kyung Hee , Hwang Jin Soon , Lim Se Won , Lee Jun Ah , Kim Dong Ho , Lim Jung Sub
Published: July 2016

Background:

The aim of the study was to investigate the association among elevated serum ferritin, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and ‘elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels beyond healthy-range limits’ in children and adolescents.

Methods:

We analyzed data from 4855 subjects (2579 male) aged 10–19 who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) (2007–2012).

Results:

The prevalence of MetS and ‘elevated ALT’ tended to increase with an increase in the serum ferritin quartile (p-value for trend: all <0.05). The odds ratios (ORs) for MetS in serum ferritin quartile-Q4 compared to ferritin quartile-Q1 was 1.59 (1.01, 2.55) in females after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and insulin resistance. The ORs for ‘elevated ALT’ in ferritin quartile-Q4 compared to ferritin quartile-Q1 were 4.45 (2.18, 9.10) in male and 3.10 (1.70, 5.66) in female subjects after adjusting for other covariates.

Conclusions:

The independent association between elevated serum ferritin and MetS (or ‘elevated ALT’) begins in children and adolescents.
Completeness of Gelfand-Neumark-Segal inner product space on Jordan algebras
Authors: Hamhalter Jan , Turilova Ekaterina
Published: July 2016

The paper deals with inner product spaces generated by states on Jordan algebras. We show an interplay between completeness of the Gelfand-Neumark-Segal representation space, geometric properties of states on Jordan algebras, structure of irreducible Jordan representations, and properties of normal states on second duals of Jordan algebras. We prove that if the GNS representation space is complete, then given state must be a convex combination of pure states. On the other hand, we analyze structure of inner product spaces arising from states on spin factors and Type In
, n ≥ 4, factors, showing their completeness as a consequence.
Discrete averaged mixing applied to the logarithmic distributions
Authors: Wimmer Gejza , Mačutek Ján , Altmann Gabriel
Published: July 2016

A new type of mixtures of discrete probability distributions is presented. A family of discrete averaged mixed distributions is introduced. Its subclass of averaged mixed logarithmic distributions is analyzed. Probabilistic characterizations and connections with other types of mixing are derived. We show also some examples of the analyzed distributions found in literature.
Automorphisms of decompositions
Authors: Hannan Tim , Harding John
Published: July 2016

In [HARDING, J.: Decompositions in quantum logic, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 348 (1996), 1839–1862] the author showed that the direct product decompositions of many different types of structures, such as sets, groups, vector spaces, topological spaces, and relational structures, naturally form orthomodular posets. When applied to the direct product decompositions of a Hilbert space, this construction yields the familiar orthomodular lattice of closed subspaces of the Hilbert space.

In this note we consider orthomodular posets Fact X of decompositions of a finite set X. We consider the structure of these orthomodular posets, such as their size, shape, connectedness, states, and begin a study of their automorphism groups in the context of the natural map Γ from the group of permutations of X to the automorphism group of FACT
X.

We show Γ is an embedding except when |X| is prime or 4, and completely describe the situation when |X| has two or fewer prime factors, when |X| = 23 and when |X| = 33. The bulk of our effort lies in a series of combinatorial arguments to show Γ is an isomorphism when |X| = 27. We conjecture that this is the case whenever |X| has sufficiently many prime factors of sufficient size, and hope that our arguments here might be adapted to the general case.
Dissolution, gelation, functionalization, and material preparation of chitin using ionic liquids
Authors: Kadokawa Jun-ichi
Published: July 2016

In this article, a review of the research endeavors concerning ionic liquids, that have been used as media for dissolution, gelation, functionalization, and material preparation of chitin, is presented. Although chitin has been identified to show difficulty in solubility and processability, leading to mostly an unutilized organic resource, some ionic liquids have been found to dissolve chitin in certain concentrations. For example, the author found that an ionic liquid, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (AMIMBr), dissolved chitin in concentrations up to 4.8 wt% and formed ion gels at higher contents of chitin. Cellulose/chitin binary ion gel and film were also obtained from the individually prepared polysaccharide solutions with ionic liquids. The binary ion gel was applied as a novel electrolyte for an electric double layer capacitor. Acetylation of chitin using acetic anhydride in AMIMBr gave chitin acetates with high degrees of substitution. The modification technique in the AMIMBr solvent was applied to the synthesis of a chitin macroinitiator for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Grafting of styrene by ATRP from the resulting macroinitiator was conducted to give chitin–graft–polystyrene. Self-assembled chitin nanofibers were fabricated in a methanol dispersion obtained by regeneration from the chitin ion gel with AMIMBr using methanol, which formed a film by subjecting the dispersion to filtration. Co-regeneration from the chitin ion gel coexisting poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gave a self-assembled chitin nanofiber/PVA composite film. The self-assembled chitin nanofibers have also been used as a reinforcing agent for cellulose derivatives to produce composite films.
Seed Mass and Seed Yield of Six Roses (Rosa L., Rosaceae Adans.) from Central Russia (Republic of Mordovia)
Authors: Khapugin Anatoliy A.
Published: July 2016

GenusRosaL. is one of most critical taxa within European flora. Majority works is devoted to phylogeny, taxonomy and nomenclature of roses. Investigations of morphology and ecology of roses are still relatively few in number. The aim of this study was to evaluate seed mass and seed yield of six rose species (Rosa cinnamomea,R. spinosissima,R. rugosa,R. rubiginosa,R. glaucaandR. canina) from populations in Central Russia (Republic of Mordovia). As a result of the study, it was revealed thatRosa rugosahas maximal num-ber of seeds per rosehip among all investigated roses. Roses from sectionCaninaeare characterized by large number of achenes per rosehip too. In contrast, among all investigated species,Rosa cinnamomeahave most minimal seed yield. Origin ofRosa spinosissimapopulation in Ruzaevka district (Republic of Mordovia, Central Russia) was proposed as uncertain according to number of seeds per rosehip. At first time, the seed mass ofRosa cinnamomea,R. glaucaandR. rubiginosawas revealed.
Combining ability of phenological traits and seed yield in spring rapeseed genotypes
Authors: Rameeh Valiollah
Published: July 2016

Six parents and their 15 F2 diallel progenies, totally 21 genotypes, were evaluated for genetic parameters of quantitative characteristics. The traits of interest were growing degree days (GDDs) from sowing to the flowering (DDF), to end of flowering (DDE), flowering period (DFP), to maturity (DDM) and seed yield (SY). Significant mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) was exhibited for DDF, DDE, DFP, DDM and seed yield indicating significant differences of GCA effects of parents for these traits. Significant mean squares of specific combining ability (SCA) for all the traits exhibited the importance of non additive genetic effects for the traits. Significant ratio of MS(GCA)/MS(SCA) and high narrow sense heritability estimates for DDF, DDE, DDM indicating the prime importance of additive genetic effects for controlling these traits. DFP was also less heritable than the other phonological traits, so the efficiency of selection for this trait will be low. All of the combinations with significant negative SCA effects for DDM had at least one parent with significant negative GCA effect for this trait. PF7045/91 with significant positive GCA effect of SY, was best combiner for improving SY. Significant positive correlation between DDM and each of two traits including DDF and DDE, indicating these traits can be used as indirect selection criteria for improving DDM.
Evaluation of several methods for breaking dormancy of bitter vetch seeds (Vicia ervilia L.)
Authors: Rouhi Hossein Reza , Sepehri Ali , Sefidkhani Leila , Karimi Fatemeh
Published: July 2016

This study analysed the effects of different treatments on breaking dormancy and germination of bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.) freshly harvested seeds for seeding immediately. Partial scarified seeds (30 seconds with sandpaper) were subjected to different treatments including: GA3 (250, 500 and 750 ppm), KNO3 (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% w/v), cold stratification (2, 4 and 6 days), sulfuric acid (25, 50 and 75 seconds), hot water (90°C; for 2.5 and 5 minutes), hydropriming via seed soaking in distilled water (4 and 8 hours) and mechanical scarification. Among the mentioned treatments, cold stratification for 6 days had a best effect on germination related parameters final germination percentage, mean germination time and vigour indexthan the other periods. In contrast to scarification with acid and hot water, mechanical scarification improved germination parameters but this effect was lower than the cold stratification. The results suggest that bitter vetch seed has both physical and physiological dormancy.
Priming treatments for improvement of germination and emergence of cotton seeds at low temperature
Authors: Çokkizgin Hatice , Bölek Yüksel
Published: July 2016

Early sowing in cotton is important for obtaining a high and qualiy yield. Since cotton prefers high temperatures to have a good stand establisment, this work is important to determine better performing genotypes or to promote germination and emergence at low temperatures (<20°C). This research aimed to increase seed germination rate and seed vigour under cold stress conditions. Two cotton genotypes belonging toG. hirsutumL. species (Aydin-110 and Paymaster-2379) were primed with PEG-6000 (200, 300, 400 g/L), KNO3(2, 3, 4%), KH2PO4(0.3, 0.4, 0.5 M), NaCl (2, 3, 4%) or Mannitol (2, 4, 6%) to determine the best priming medium and its best amount. After priming, seeds were germinated in germination cabin at cold (18°C) and warm (30°C) temperatures and some characteristics (germination rates, radicle length, hypocotyl length and seedling length) were analyzed. Priming with KNO3(4% or 2%) was found to result in the highest germination rates in both cotton genotypes. The seeds of the genotypes were also primed with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) (1, 10, 25 mg/L), gibberellic acid (GA3) (100, 250, 500 μM), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (1, 3, 5 μM), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (1, 10, 100 μM) or kinetin (1, 5, 10 mg/L) added to KNO3(4%) medium to choose the most effective plant growth regulator (PGR) application and its dose. PGRs were observed to have reverse effects on germination rate. Finally, emergence test was conducted with KNO3(4%) and KNO3(2%) using metabolic chill test, and some traits (radicle length, radicle weight, hypocotyl length, hypocotyl weight, seedling length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight) were examined. Our results suggested that priming with KNO3(2%) might be an effecient way to have vigourous cotton plants under the cold stress.
Boundary Element Method Applied to Added Mass Coefficient Calculation of the Skewed Marine Propellers
Authors: Yari Ehsan , Ghassemi Hassan
Published: July 2016

The paper mainly aims to study computation of added mass coefficients for marine propellers. A three-dimensional boundary element method (BEM) is developed to predict the propeller added mass and moment of inertia coefficients. Actually, only few experimental data sets are available as the validation reference. Here the method is validated with experimental measurements of the B-series marine propeller. The behavior of the added mass coefficients predicted based on variation of geometric and flow parameters of the propeller is calculated and analyzed. BEM is more accurate in obtaining added mass coefficients than other fast numerical methods. All added mass coefficients are nondimensionalized by fluid density, propeller diameter, and rotational velocity. The obtained results reveal that the diameter, expanded area ratio, and thickness have dominant influence on the increase of the added mass coefficients.
Method of Sum of Power Losses as a Way for Determining the ki Coefficients of Energy Losses in Hydraulic Motor
Authors: Maczyszyn A.
Published: July 2016

This paper shows application of the method of sum of power losses to determining energy losses which occur in hydraulic rotary motor in situation when not all laboratory data are at one’s disposal or when no use is made of data contained in catalogue charts. The method makes it possible to determine the coefficients, ki, of energy losses occurring in the motor. The method of sum of power losses is based on the approach proposed by Z. Paszota, in the papers [3 ÷ 9]. It consists in adding power flow of energy losses occurring in the motor to power flow output and comparing the sum to the power flow input. Application of the method is exemplified by using a A6VM hydraulic motor.
A Method for Reliability Assessment of Structural Components of Aircraft and Sea-Going Ships with Taking into Account a Given Failure Generation Model
Authors: Tomaszek Henryk , Zieja Mariusz , Ważny Mariusz
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a metod for reliability assessment of structural components on the basis of diagnostic parameters recorded during operation of aircraft and sea going ships. It was assumed that a potential failure may simultaneously concerns surface wear process and fracture of an arbitrary structural component. In order to develop a reliability assessment model some elements of random walk theory were applied. This work covers surface wear density functions of a component. In the case of surface wear the model is based on a difference equation from which, after transformation, a Fokker-Planck partial differential equation was obtained. By solving the equation component’s surface wear density function is achieved.

In the second part of the work a generalization of the model was made by introducing to it probability of disastrous fracture of a component. As a result, a generalized Fokkera-Planck’s equation was obtained. By making use of the equation, was obtained a relationship for assessment of reliability of a structural component in case when failure occurs due to surface wear with taking into account possible fracture of the component. In the end a numerical example which shows practical application of the developed method, is attached.
Does formal education at all levels cause economic growth? Evidence from Greece
Authors: Pegkas Panagiotis , Tsamadias Constantinos
Published: July 2016

This study empirically investigates the link between the levels of formal education and economic growth in Greece during the period 1960-2009. The paper applies the Lucas approach (1988) and employs cointegration, error-correction models and estimates the effect of each educational level on economic growth. The empirical analysis reveals that there is a long-run relation between educational levels and gross domestic product. The overall results show that secondary and higher education has had a statistically significant positive impact on growth, while primary has not contributed to economic growth. The findings also suggest that there is evidence of unidirectional long-run causality running from primary education to growth, bidirectional long-run causality between secondary and growth, long-run and short-run causality running from higher education to economic growth.
Measuring Financial Distress and Predicting Corporate Bankruptcy: An Index Approach
Authors: Liao Qunfeng , Mehdian Seyed
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we follow Anderson et al. (2009) and suggest a simple approach to employ a set of financial ratios as inputs to estimate an aggregate bankruptcy index (ABI). This index is a within sample measure, ranges between 0 and 1, and ranks the firms on the basis of their relative financial distress. ABI can be used to predict the propensity of financial failure and corporate bankruptcy. For the purpose of comparison and assessment of the robustness of this index, we estimate Z-score by multivariate discriminant analysis, using the same set of financial ratios to compare the predictive accuracy of two approaches.

We find that, to some extent, ABI can predict the bankruptcy of the firms more accurately than Z-score. The empirical results of the paper suggest that ABI has relatively robust predictive power and, therefore, can be applied together with other, based on parametric and non-parametric models to predict corporate bankruptcy.
Determinants of Loan Quality: Lessons from Greek Cooperative Banks
Authors: Makri Vasiliki , Papadatos Konstantinos
Published: July 2016

The article focuses on the credit risk of cooperative banks in Greece. The main objective is to define which factors are responsible for variations in loan quality during the period 2003-2014. Loan quality is measured by Loan Loss Reserves Ratio (LLR) and dynamic regression techniques are implemented for the econometric estimations. The outlined results suggest that the macroeconomic environment (i.e. public debt, local unemployment, economic activity and inflation) and the accounting ratios (i.e. past loan quality and profitability) seem to be the explanatory variables of problem loans.
Business Intelligence Security
Authors: Tofan Dragoş Ovidiu
Published: July 2016

Excess information characteristic to the current environment leads to the need for a change of the organizations’ perspective and strategy not only through the raw data processing, but also in terms of existing applications generating new information. The overwhelming evolution of digital technologies and web changes led to the adoption of new and adapted internal policies and the emergence of regulations at level of governments or different social organisms. Information security risks arising from the current dynamics demand fast solutions linked to hardware, software and also to education of human resources. Business Intelligence (BI) solutions have their specific evolution in order to bring their contribution to ensure the protection of data through specific components (Big Data, cloud, analytics). The current trend of development of BI applications on mobile devices brings with it a number of shortcomings related to information security and require additional protective measure regarding flows, specific processing and data storage.
Business Performance in the Context of Corporate Culture
Authors: Haršányová Petra , Vaňová Jaromíra , Čambál Miloš
Published: July 2016

Corporate culture is defined as a set of ideas, attitudes, values and behaviour patterns, which are generally accepted and preferred in a company. Company performance is the company’s ability to achieve the best results through an evaluation of its assumptions. The article is focused on identifying factors in corporate culture, which changes can increase working satisfaction of employees through targeted shaping of corporate culture, which is ultimately reflected in the performance of the company as a whole.
The Proposal Concept of Development and Implementation in Strategy of Sustainable Corporate Social Responsibility in the Context of the HCS Model 3E
Authors: Sakál Peter , Hrdinová Gabriela
Published: July 2016

This article is the result of a conceptual design methodology for the development of a sustainable strategy of sustainable corporate social responsibility (SCSR) in the context of the HCS model 3E formed, as a co-author within the stated grants and dissertation. On the basis of the use of propositional logic, the SCSR procedure is proposed for incorporation into the corporate strategy of sustainable development and the integrated management system (IMS) of the industrial enterprise. The aim of this article is the proposal of the concept of development and implementation strategy of SCSR in the context of the HCS model 3E.
Brain Gain am Beispiel Österreich
Authors: Aschbacher Christine , Gejguš Mirko , Sablik Jozef
Published: July 2016

BrainGain is a common trend within the last ten years in Europe and all-over the world. Managers, key players and scientists are allowed to choose wherever they want to work in the world. As there is a lack of qualified individuals for companies and universities, BrainGain has become a necessity, and mostly – the higher educated individuals are moving away according to a better offer elsewhere in the world. Therefore, a lot of expats are moving around with their families. Many times, the lack of integration at the current place, country or city, is the critical success factor for staying or leaving. Furthermore, if the family does not feel happy in the current location, then the manager or scientist will move away or return home and the investment will be lost.

Moreover, many students have received a good education in a state university, however afterwards they have not secured a satisfactory job in the country where they have studied, therefore they are moving away to utilise their know-how. Measures to retain the know-how include a common placement and a welcome-culture in the country, and also exchanges on an international level.
A case story, involving the use of maltitol, a sugar alcohol, as a cutting agent in amphetamine and cocaine powders
Authors: Reitzel Lotte Ask , Holm Niels Bjerre , Linnet Kristian , Müller Irene Breum
Published: July 2016

In a criminal case involving cutting and resale of amphetamine and cocaine in the Copenhagen area of Denmark, maltitol was used as a cutting agent. The analysis of maltitol in seizures of pure diluents as well as in amphetamine and cocaine powders was carried out using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with high-resolution (HR) mass spectrometric detection. Maltitol was identified in four out of nine amphetamine samples and in five out of six cocaine samples from the case in question. The use of maltitol as a cutting agent was considered by the police as a specific marker of the particular criminal group under investigation. To support or reject this hypothesis, cocaine and amphetamine samples from a four month period after the involved persons had been arrested were evaluated, also as part of the police investigation. None of these samples contained maltitol. The work described covers the part of the case involving the department of forensic chemistry, and not the whole police investigation, but everything was done within the frames given by the police. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a disaccharide polyol being used as a cutting agent for illicit drugs.
The Role of Respiratory Infection in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Authors: Mage David T. , Latorre Maria L. , Jenik Alejandro G. , Donner E. Maria
Published: July 2016

Introduction: The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is not likely to be explained by a currently measureable presence in all cases and absence in controls, as otherwise it would have been solved already. Indeed, any proposed physiological model for SIDS causation must explain the constant mathematical and statistical properties of SIDS age and gender. We have shown previously that SIDS are characterized by a common 4-parameter lognormal age distribution sparing neonatal infants, by a nominal 50% male excess, and by a higher rate in winter than summer. We test now whether SIDS is closely related to a fulminating prodromal Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) by a common increasing rate with the infants increasing Live Birth Order (LBO), all remaining the same, independent of the change in preferred sleeping positions of the infants, prone or supine.

Methods: We use U.S. published infant mortality data from wonder.cdc.gov and other countries (Colombia, U.K., Europe, Australasia) to make comparisons between the two causes of death (ARI and SIDS) to evaluate how closely ARI resembles the characteristics of SIDS.

Results: Gender: SIDS male excess 50%, ARI male excess 50%; Ages: SIDS 90% post-neonatal, ARI 96% post-neonatal; Seasonality: SIDS and ARI are higher in winter than summer; Live birth order: SIDS and ARI rates increase with increasing LBO with similar mathematical relationship.

Conclusion: Our results show that all SIDS are very likely relatable to a single cause tied to a fulminating prodromal ARI in a physiologically anemic infant who is genetically (X-link recessive) susceptible to cerebral anoxia. An alternative cause of all SIDS death by a collection of subsets of different causes, such as brainstem-related respiratory abnormalities and cardiac QT abnormalities, is not supported because they cannot all have the same age-gender-seasonal-familial-distributions of SIDS, required by Cramér’s Theorem.
A Few New 2+1-Dimensional Nonlinear Dynamics and the Representation of Riemann Curvature Tensors
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Xiangzhi
Published: July 2016

We first introduced a linear stationary equation with a quadratic operator in ∂
x
and ∂
y
, then a linear evolution equation is given by N-order polynomials of eigenfunctions. As applications, by taking N=2, we derived a (2+1)-dimensional generalized linear heat equation with two constant parameters associative with a symmetric space. When taking N=3, a pair of generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations with the same eigenvalues with the case of N=2 are generated. Similarly, a second-order flow associative with a homogeneous space is derived from the integrability condition of the two linear equations, which is a (2+1)-dimensional hyperbolic equation. When N=3, the third second flow associative with the homogeneous space is generated, which is a pair of new generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations. Finally, as an application of a Hermitian symmetric space, we established a pair of spectral problems to obtain a new (2+1)-dimensional generalized Schrödinger equation, which is expressed by the Riemann curvature tensors.
On Symmetry Analysis and Conservation Laws of the AKNS System
Authors: Zhao Zhonglong , Han Bo
Published: July 2016

The Lie symmetry analysis is applied to study the Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur (AKNS) system of water wave model. The AKNS system can be obtained from a dispersive-wave system via a variable transformation. Lie point symmetries and corresponding point transformations are determined. The optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras is presented. On the basis of the optimal system, the similarity reductions and the invariant solutions are obtained. Some conservation laws are derived using the multipliers. In addition, the AKNS system is quasi self-adjoint. The conservation laws associated with the symmetries are also constructed.
Shoulder Joint and Muscle Characteristics Among Weight-Training Participants With and Without Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Kolber Morey J. , Hanney William J. , Cheatham Scott W. , Salamh Paul A. , Masaracchio Michael , Liu Xinliang
Published: July 2016

Kolber, MJ, Hanney, WJ, Cheatham, SW, Salamh, PA, Masaracchio, M, and Liu, X. Shoulder joint and muscle characteristics among weight-training participants with and without impingement syndrome.J Strength Cond Res31(4): 1024–1032, 2017—Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) has been reported as an etiological source of shoulder pain among weight-training (WT) participants; however, a paucity of evidence exists to describe intrinsic risk factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate specific risk-related joint and muscle adaptations among WT participants identified as having SIS based on a previously validated clinical testing cluster. Fifty-five men (mean age 27.3 years) who participated in recreational WT a minimum of 2 d·wk−1were recruited, including 24 individuals with SIS and 31 without SIS serving as controls. Active range of motion (AROM), bodyweight-adjusted strength values, and strength ratios were compared between groups. Significant differences were present as WT participants with SIS had decreased internal and external rotation AROM (p≤ 0.016) and decreased bodyweight-adjusted strength values of the external rotator and lower trapezius musculature (p≤ 0.02) when compared with WT participants without SIS. Select strength ratios were greater in the SIS group (p≤ 0.004) implying agonist to antagonist muscle imbalances. The impaired joint and muscle characteristics identified among WT participants with SIS are not without consequence, as they are associated with shoulder disorders in both general and athletic populations. Practical applications for these findings may reside in exercise prescription that addresses internal rotation mobility, mitigates training bias, and favors muscles responsible for stabilization, such as the external rotators and lower trapezius. Strength and conditioning professionals should consider risk-related adaptations associated with WT when prescribing upper-extremity exercises.
The Possible Role of TASK Channels in Rank-Ordered Recruitment of Motoneurons in the Dorsolateral Part of the Trigeminal Motor Nucleus
Authors: Okamoto Keiko , Emura Norihito , Sato Hajime , Fukatsu Yuki , Saito Mitsuru , Tanaka Chie , Morita Yukako , Nishimura Kayo , Kuramoto Eriko , Xu Yin Dong , Furutani Kazuharu , Okazawa Makoto , Kurachi Yoshihisa , Kaneko Takeshi , Maeda Yoshinobu , Yamashiro Takashi , Takada Kenji , Toyoda Hiroki , Kang Youngnam
Published: July 2016

Because a rank-ordered recruitment of motor units occurs during isometric contraction of jaw-closing muscles, jaw-closing motoneurons (MNs) may be recruited in a manner dependent on their soma sizes or input resistances (IRs). In the dorsolateral part of the trigeminal motor nucleus (dl-TMN) in rats, MNs abundantly express TWIK (two-pore domain weak inwardly rectifying K channel)-related acid-sensitive-K+channel (TASK)-1 and TASK3 channels, which determine the IR and resting membrane potential. Here we examined how TASK channels are involved in IR-dependent activation/recruitment of MNs in the rat dl-TMN by using multiple methods. The real-time PCR study revealed that single large MNs (>35 μm) expressed TASK1 and TASK3 mRNAs more abundantly compared with single small MNs (15–20 μm). The immunohistochemistry revealed that TASK1 and TASK3 channels were complementarily distributed in somata and dendrites of MNs, respectively. The density of TASK1 channels seemed to increase with a decrease in soma diameter while there were inverse relationships between the soma size of MNs and IR, resting membrane potential, or spike threshold. Dual whole-cell recordings obtained from smaller and larger MNs revealed that the recruitment of MNs depends on their IRs in response to repetitive stimulation of the presumed Ia afferents. 8-Bromoguanosine-cGMP decreased IRs in small MNs, while it hardly changed those in large MNs, and subsequently decreased the difference in spike-onset latency between the smaller and larger MNs, causing a synchronous activation of MNs. These results suggest that TASK channels play critical roles in rank-ordered recruitment of MNs in the dl-TMN.
María Mercedes Gómez Gómez y Eulalia Hernández Ciro, Palabras de amor: vida erótica en fragmentos de papel. De la escritura y los relatos populares en el Archivo Histórico Judicial de Medellín, 1900-1950 (Medellín: Sílaba Editores, 2015), 137 pp.
Authors: Morales Estrada Esteban
Published: July 2016

En esta reseña se hace una reflexión sintética sobre la crítica en sí misma, luego una presentación breve del libro, seguida por un resumen del mismo y finalmente una crítica del texto.
El rey ante el tribunal de la revolución: Nueva Granada 1808-1819
Authors: Vanegas Useche Isidro
Published: July 2016

El rey fue un actor central de las conmociones revolucionarias modernas. Por ello lo fue también en la Revolución Neogranadina de la década de 1810, que vio cómo el rey pasó de ser el núcleo del orden en su calidad de detentador y garante del poder y la autoridad, a ser una figura desdeñada que fue sustituida por otro tipo de soberano. Este artículo explora el lugar del monarca en tres momentos claramente diferenciados de la conmoción revolucionaria, buscando comprender el itinerario del distanciamiento, los dilemas que hubo en juego, así como las implicaciones de aquella gran innovación.
First records of small squaregilled mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae) from the state of Roraima, Northern Brazil
Authors: Lima Lucas R. C. , Boldrini Rafael
Published: July 2016

New records and notes on the distribution of the family Caenidae from Roraima state, Brazil are provided. No previous records were known of this family from Roraima. Our study reports four species of Brasilocaenis and Caenis: Brasilocaenis irmleri Puthz, 1975, Caenis chamie Alba-Tercedor & Mosquera, 1999, C. fittkaui Malzacher, 1986 and C. reissi Malzacher, 1986. In addition, an unidentified species of Latineosus, based in a unique exuvia, was also found.
GENETIC DETERMINATIONS OF MENTALITY
Authors: Osadcha L. V.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. The article is devoted to clarifying the role of physicality and psycho-physical characteristics of a person as a preconditions of the mentality forming. It is conducted a retrospective analysis of discourse on the mentality, the history of the concept, its temporal characteristics and collective conditioning. The concept of mentality has been widely studied in various fields of socio-humanities such as: history, psychology, and even marginal context of scientific discourses, including the esoteric. This study attempted to analyse the mentality phenomenon through the prism of the concept of experience. Methodology. The concept of experience was acquired by essential justification through the representatives of the phenomenological approach - the late Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Bernhard Valdenfels. On the other hand the concept of mentality as a form of collective unconscious experience was entered to the scientific vocabulary by the representatives of the French historical science - M. Bloch, L. Febvre, J. Le Goff and others. At the intersection of these two methods, historical and phenomenological, the genetic method has been established – as a history of coverage and experience of internalization. Thanks to the application of genetic method the transition of phenomenon into the concept was examined. Novelty. The problem of change dynamics of mental phenomenon, in particular psycho-physical nature of a person, which has been only mentioned in F. Braudel works but has not received the adequate theoretical coverage, is analysed. To explain the practices of physicality and causality of this factor the action component of the cultural the overview of developments of such authors as V. Rozin (2005), M. Epstein (2005), N. Brunov (2003), A. Soares, M. Farhangmehr, A. Shoham (2007), D. Vaskul, F. Vannini Hospital (2012) was committed. Conclusions. The transition to paradoxical behaviour that is oriented on sign, and not on signalling actions, to the productive, and not to reactive activity, transformed the human physicality, as well as the person's self-image and contributed to the formation of specifically human environment of existence, which is called in the broadest sense the world of culture, but not nature.
TOWARDS THE QUESTION OF SOCIO-CULTURAL AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL STATUS OF IDEOLOGY IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY
Authors: Gromov V. E.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. To consider the subjective factor of cultural and historical identity of society as an ideology, without which the positive social and personal development is inconceivable. To produce proofs against the false rhetoric about “deideologization”, as a harmful and destructive idea for social awareness, that aims to destroy basic humans’ ethical values and to manipulate their living motivations. Methodology. The method of investigation of the problem was indicated as analytical result of preliminary scheme that was directed by the author towards the realization of his conception. This subjectivism of thinking “on one’s own account” (K. Jaspers) and “without relying on existences” (M. Heidegger) the author attempted to corroborate with notions of modern scientists about the relations of causes in non-linear systems. Scientific novelty. It would be difficult to talk about scientific novelty if we had no thought on “chronic” issues of contemporary society and its world outlook vectors. It is possible to talk about the existential newness, the rise of personal indifference in connection with the irresponsible short-sightedness with which today under the guise of democratic overcome the totalitarian narratives is lightly questioned the universally valid moral values, belittled the philosophical classics and dragged the false ideological omnivorous freedom and devaluation of high culture. Conclusions. Personal life of individuals and historical results of their vital activity are dependent on their world outlook orientation. Human being without ideology is similar to lost creature with weakened will and uncertain conscience. The problem is not in refutation of ideology, but in its production and selection. It’s impossible to build ideal social relation based on ideal principles, but in the same time it is impossible to imagine social development without any general orientation. Man can create only ruin and prepare himself for apocalypse without the culture, which would be reflection of philosophical understanding and orientation.
FORCED HAPPINESS AS A MODERN SOCIO AND CULTURAL IMPERATIVE
Authors: Khodus H. V.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. In this article is an attempt to "read" cultural code of the phenomenon of happiness in actual social circumstances. The research was primarily focused on the specifics of the contemporary cultural situation, which determines the emotional infrastructure of individuals’ life. Methodology. The number of concepts that were proposed by M. Foucault, N. Elias, in particular – «configurationally balance of power», «culture of yourself», «take care of yourself», «practice of yourself», "the discourse of power/knowledge" are proposed as a heuristic resource that allows to comprehend the transit of value-semantic codes of the happiness phenomenon. Such analytical optics enable reading of contemporary social reality as a discursive space that permeated with visual aestheticization of various emotions, legitimized with knowledge/power. This disciplinary discourse not only codifies the "correct" expression of emotions, but also culturally encodes the hierarchy of these "correct" emotions. Scientific novelty. It is proved that a characteristic feature of current modernity (available in Ukrainian realities) is the change in happiness status, its transformation into "normative" emotion that individuals should feel and show. In other words, the cult of happiness becomes dominant cultural imperative, a duty, acting as a moral duty. It is argued that "the forced happiness" is a social effect of the therapeutic culture, which streamlines the emotional life of the individual, interpersonal relationships, scenarios of success and happiness. The key role of cultural mediators, commercial narratives (Internet, media) in the design and promotion of the ideology of "forced happiness" is justified. Conclusions. The proposed research approach allows deconstructing the emotional regime of modernity in the aspect of problematization the phenomenon of happiness. The idea is that the right to happiness, to private pleasure and self-care are the basic ideas of the Enlightenment and transformed into a cult object of enormous industry in the modern consumer society, the viability of which depends on the effectiveness of the symbolic goods consumption. Thus, the defining feature of the modern market society becomes the intensification practices of fun, the emancipation of desires that not only frees the individual, does not make him happy, and on the contrary, the individual exists in the atmosphere of constant existential anxiety, which is expressed in the sense of danger not to be happy, not fit within the "emotional regime".
THE DRAMATIC APPROACH OF I. HOFFMAN IN STRUCTURING THE SPACE OF FASHION
Authors: Skalatskaya E. V.
Published: July 2016

The purpose of work is to explicate the opportunities of dramatic approach of I. Hoffman to analyse the fashion as a space. A concrete material, where the action of the concept is demonstrated, it is the demonstration of clothing on seasonal fashion shows of designer`s collection. The methodology is the dramatic approach of I. Hoffmann, comparative analysis. The above mentioned methodology allowed us to trace the interconnection of image and fashion in zonal distribution of performance space. Originality consists in enriching of dramatic approach by analysis of fashion space by its zonal distribution that was used in the context of the combination of spatial and image component. Conclusions. Dramatic approach presents new methodology of fashion research that requires further consideration. We can distinguish two levels of understanding the concept of I. Hoffmann: individual and supra-individual, which are combined in spatial terms. I. Hoffmann`s definition of social formation as a space allows you to explore the fashion in this context. Zonal distribution of fashion according to dramatic approach reveals its interconnection with the image. Dramatic approach allows us to trace the dynamics in the space of fashion for disclosure of its ontological characteristics which are associated with space and time. Dualism of separation and unity of zones, their dynamism show the coincidence of image and fashion in spatial level. The proposed general model allows specifying a variety of spaces of fashion in their unity. Spatial differentiation (fashion store, magazine, and showing seasonal collections of designer and other) suggests the possibility of dramatic performance approach in each area, which may be a subject of investigation for the following publication.