bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reciprocity and Humility in Wonderland
Authors: Harry Beth
Published: January 2017

This article supports the perspective of Jan Valle regarding the importance of recognizing the subjectivity inherent in decisions about Learning Disabilities. The author argues that the perspectives of both parents and professionals are informed by subjective judgments that must be taken into account in decision making. A reciprocal approach to interactions between parents and professionals will improve mutual understanding and will allow professionals to appreciate the limits of their own knowledge.
The Validity of a Holistically Scored Retell Protocol for Determining the Reading Comprehension of Middle School Students
Authors: Reed Deborah K. , Vaughn Sharon , Petscher Yaacov
Published: January 2017

In this study, the authors examined the validity of a holistically scored retell within a confirmatory factor analysis framework by comparing the fit of a three-factor model of reading with the data from a diverse sample of seventh and eighth graders. The final model demonstrated adequate fit, χ2(32) = 97.316; comparative fit index = .96; Tucker–Lewis index = .94; and root mean square error of approximation = .08. Retell’s chi-square difference, Δχ2(1) = 16.652, p < .001, and factor loading (.250, p < .001) were higher for the comprehension construct. Similarly, retell’s correlation to comprehension measures ( r = .155–.257, p < .01) was stronger than its relationship to measures of fluency ( r = .158–.183, p < .01) or word identification ( r = .132, p < .05). However, retell had a large residual variance (.938) and low interrater reliability (κ = .37), suggesting that improvements to the instrument are needed. Despite overall latent differences, retell did not demonstrate differential item functioning.
RTI
Authors: Daves David P. , Walker David W.
Published: January 2017

Professional confusion, as well as case law confusion, exists concerning the fidelity and integrity of response to intervention (RTI) as a defensible procedure for identifying children as having a specific learning disability (SLD) under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Division is generated because of conflicting mandates specified in IDEA when compared to mandates in the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). This article is submitted to address (a) concerns about the misuse of RTI in identifying students with SLD and (b) how schools face the challenges of identifying students with learning disabilities, providing appropriate services within the least restricted environment while attempting to meet the requirements found in NCLB that all children will learn on grade level and be assessed accordingly.
Targeted Reading Intervention
Authors: Vernon-Feagans Lynne , Kainz Kirsten , Amendum Steve , Ginsberg Marnie , Wood Tim , Bock Amanda
Published: January 2017

This study examined the effectiveness of a classroom teacher intervention, the Targeted Reading Intervention (TRI), in helping struggling readers in kindergarten and first grade. This intervention used biweekly literacy coaching in the general education classroom to help classroom teachers use diagnostic strategies with struggling readers in one-on-one 15-min sessions. Five schools in low-income rural counties were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. Five struggling and five nonstruggling readers were randomly selected to participate in each experimental and control classroom. There were 34 classrooms and 276 children. Experimental children achieved better gains in letter-word identification than did control children. Significant interactions were found with word attack skills. Children in the experimental group with poor rapid naming and better phonological awareness skills progressed the most compared with the control group. The TRI appeared to be a promising classroom teacher intervention to help young struggling readers.
Dietary Service Staffing Impact Nutritional Quality in Nursing Homes
Authors: Smith Kelly M. , Thomas Kali S. , Johnson Shanthi , Meng Hongdao , Hyer Kathryn
Published: January 2017

Objective: To examine the relationship between dietary service staff and dietary deficiency citations in nursing homes (NHs). Method: 2007-2011 Online Survey and Certification and Reporting data for 14,881 freestanding NHs were used to examine the relationship between dietary service staff and the probability of receiving a dietary service–related deficiency citation. An unconditional logit model with random effects was employed. Results: Findings suggest that higher staffing levels for dietitians (odds ratio [OR] = .955; p < .01), dietary service personnel (OR = .996; p < .01), and certified nursing assistants (CNAs; OR = .981; p < .05) decrease the likelihood of receiving a dietary service deficiency citation. Conclusion: Higher levels of dietary service and CNA staffing levels have the potential to improve the quality of nutritional care in NHs. Findings help substantiate the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ proposed rules for more stringent Food and Nutrition Services in the NH setting and signify the need for further research relative to the impact of dietary service staff on nutritional and clinical outcomes.
Public Attitudes Toward Legal Abortion, Euthanasia, Suicide, and Capital Punishment
Authors: Trahan Adam
Published: January 2017

Recent research suggests that public attitudes toward capital punishment are fundamentally value expressive rather than instrumental. This study explores the value-expressive basis of capital punishment attitudes by analyzing the relationships between various domains of life and the law. Logistic regression of data from the 1972–2012 cumulative data file of the General Social Survey was used to analyze whether composite variables for opposition to legal abortion, euthanasia, and suicide could predict capital punishment attitudes. Findings show that main effects of opposition to legal abortion, suicide, and euthanasia increased the odds of opposing capital punishment. Among 3 two-way interaction terms, only opposition to suicide and euthanasia was significant, and it was associated with increased support for capital punishment rather than opposition. These findings lend qualified support to the consistent life ethic framework and value-expressive basis of capital punishment attitudes.
Police Responses to Violent Crime
Authors: Jarvis John P. , Mancik Ashley , Regoeczi Wendy C.
Published: January 2017

This work advances the relatively limited literature pertaining to police clearances of serious violent crimes by comparing and contrasting the correlates of homicide clearance with clearance of nonlethal violent crimes. Using 5 years of National Incident-Based Reporting System data from 2008 to 2012 and survival models, we analyze the impact of various victim and incident characteristics on time to clearance outcomes for four offense types: homicide, aggravated assault, robbery, and sexual assault. Examining longitudinal trends of clearance rates reveals important differences across violent crime types. Results of survival models also reveal substantial variation in the effects of victim and incident characteristics on time to clearance across types of violent crime. These findings indicate that results from previous studies on homicide case outcomes are not applicable to other types of violent crimes, and police efforts to solve violent crimes differ markedly. As such, the theoretical frameworks of mobilization of law and bounded rationality explanations for variation in police responses to violent crime may be more viable than found in previous studies. However, future research will need to consider these nuances to confirm if such dynamics extend to other forms of criminal behavior.
Cone calorimeter evaluation of reinforced hybrid wood–aluminum composites
Authors: Hou Junfeng , Cai Zhiyong , Lu Keyang
Published: January 2017

Combustion performance for three types of wood–aluminum composites was investigated using cone calorimetry tests. The results revealed that time to ignition of the specimens was increased and more than 100 times after the lamination of 1.6-mm-thick aluminum alloy sheet on the surface (from 17 to 1990 s). And residual mass of the wood–aluminum composites was improved and almost quadrupled (from 21.795% to 81.664%). The peak heat release rate, average heat release rate, total heat release, and mean mass loss rate of wood–aluminum composites with 1.6-mm-thick aluminum alloy sheet on the surface were decreased to 70.18%, 48.71%, 24.27%, and 80.60%, respectively. However, yields of both CO and CO2 are slightly improved with the increase in the thickness of aluminum alloy sheet because of incomplete combustion. The application of aluminum alloy sheets to the wood-based composites is an effective method for improving the combustion performance.
Land Use Change Dynamics in Southern California: Does Geographic Elasticity Matter?
Authors: Kim Jae Hong , Hipp John R. , Basolo Victoria , Dillon Harya S.
Published: January 2017

This article examines how municipal planning contexts can shape urban land use dynamics by investigating the parcel-level land use changes in a five-county Southern California metropolitan area between 1990 and 2005. An analysis, based on a multinomial logit model, shows that land use change patterns significantly vary by municipalities that were situated in heterogeneous planning contexts. More specifically, cities with limited ability to expand their jurisdictional boundaries are found to provide more recreational areas and urban open spaces, while restricting nonconventional land uses. However, no evidence of a shift from single-family to multifamily residential development is detected for such cities.
Testing Newman and Kenworthy’s Theory of Density and Automobile Dependence
Authors: Ewing Reid , Hamidi Shima , Tian Guang , Proffitt David , Tonin Stefania , Fregolent Laura
Published: January 2017

This study tests four hypotheses related to the much-cited work on density and automobile dependence by Newman and Kenworthy, using multivariate analysis and data for 157 large US urbanized areas. We find that density alone explains only a small fraction of the variation in vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and many confounders account for the differences in automobile dependence. We also find that it is not the localized density of individual neighborhoods that causes VMT to be lower in compact urbanized areas but rather the relative accessibility of neighborhoods to the rest of the region.
Baseball Box Scores: Helpful Statistics or Sports Hieroglyphics?
Authors: Tuggle G. A.
Published: January 2017

This survey of fans at a major league baseball game shows few understand all the abbreviations and notations in baseball box scores.
Local News Source Opinions of Their Newspapers
Authors: Bergen Lori , Lafky Sue A. , Weaver David
Published: January 2017

This study examines the opinions of local newspaper sources by asking them to evaluate both the stories for which they served as sources and the local newspapers where the stories appeared. Sources are generally pleased, finding fault with sins of omission rather than commission.
‘Reality’ in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Authors: Rodgers Shelly , Thorson Esther , Antecol Michael
Published: January 2017

This study reveals that the viewpoint of women, minorities, children, adolescents and seniors is underrepresented in this metropolitan newspaper. Caucasian adult males dominate as sources and characters throughout the publication.
A Return to ‘Mr. Gates’: Photography and Objectivity
Authors: Bissell Kimberly L.
Published: January 2017

Gatekeeping of photography is somewhat subjective and it is a chain of gatekeepers, not just one, that alters photo content.
An Analysis: New Hampshire Primary Coverage
Authors: Freitag Alan R.
Published: January 2017

This study shows that substantive issue coverage has not declined over a dozen primaries in this state, though coverage of issues has always lagged horse race and campaigning coverage.
Youth Violence Stories Focus on Events, Not Causes
Authors: McManus John , Dorfman Lori
Published: January 2017

A content analysis of three major California newspapers shows that routine coverage about youth crimes fails to provide context to help readers make sense of such events.
Election Coverage Reflects Civic Journalism Values
Authors: Kennamer David , South Jeff
Published: January 2017

Content analysis of coverage of Virginia's 2000 U.S. Senate elections showed that the divergent newsroom philosophies at The Virginian-Pilot and The Times Dispatch influenced coverage.
Exploring Reader Interest in International News
Authors: Hargrove Thomas , Stempel Guido H.
Published: January 2017

National survey of reader interest in international news shows that readers prefer good news more than bad news and news about ordinary people more than news about politics and government, economics or disasters.
Audience Identifies Types of Reporters, News Consumers
Authors: Morris John L.
Published: January 2017

Structured interviews of reporters and news readers, listeners and viewers in the Denver area revealed four types of reporters and consumers. Findings also support claims that civic journalism complements traditional journalism.
Evidence Mixed on Erosion of Journalists' Privilege
Authors: Fargo Anthony
Published: January 2017

A review of journalistic privilege statutes and cases since 1997 finds that some jurisdictions have provided continuing or increased support for the privilege, but in others the courts have shown a pattern of hostility toward reporters' privilege.
Government Sources Dominate Business Crisis Reporting
Authors: Powell Larry , Self William R.
Published: January 2017

An analysis of 175 stories about business crises that harmed consumers showed that newspapers relied primarily on government sources and used consumer sources sparingly.
Agency Creatives like TV Advertising Best
Authors: Reid Leonard N. , King Karen Whitehill
Published: January 2017

Although agency creatives see TV as the medium of choice for national ads, newspapers are effective when conveying complex messages, providing a quality environment and moving people to action.
Profs, Professionals Agree about Students' Editing Skills
Authors: Fee Frank , Russial John , Auman Ann
Published: January 2017

Professors and professionals agree that text editing, headline writing and design are fundamental and crucial skills. Professors, however, think students need a wider variety of skills.
Coin-Operated Machines Change Single Copy Sales
Authors: Bradshaw Katherine
Published: January 2017

Social changes that followed suburbanization led to a dramatic growth of coin-operated newspaper vending machines to support the emerging importance of single copy sales of newspapers.
Front Page Design: Some Trends Continue
Authors: Utt Sandra H. , Pasternack Steve
Published: January 2017

A 20-year update of front page design found more newspapers running all photos in 4-color and using offset printing, boldface sans serif type for dominant headlines, digital imaging and computerized pagination systems.
How Newspaper Reporters Use the Web to Gather News
Authors: Garrison Bruce
Published: January 2017

This study found journalists use government sites most often to retrieve information. Problems include difficulty with verification, unreliable information and lack of contact information.
Survey Yields Five Factors of Newspaper Quality
Authors: Kim Koang-Hyub , Meyer Philip
Published: January 2017

Almost 300 ASNE editors ranked the importance of 15 indicators of quality. Further analysis grouped these indicators into five areas: ease of use, localism, editorial vigor, news quality and interpretation.
Ad Placement in E-Newspapers Affects Memory, Attitude
Authors: Rodgers Shelly , Cameron Glen T. , Brill Ann M.
Published: January 2017

Findings reveal that sponsors may benefit more from advertisements at the beginning or middle of news content, depending on their marketing goals.
Euphemistic Text Affects Attitudes, Behavior
Authors: Gladney George Albert , Rittenburg Terri L.
Published: January 2017

Euphemistic expressions can favorably affect people's assessments or opinions of the given situations. Findings suggest that euphemisms are powerful enough to affect one's actual behavior.
Analysis Shows Trends for Pulitzer Feature Stories
Authors: Moore Jeanie McAdams , Lamb Chris
Published: January 2017

The authors' examination of the 31 Pulitzer Prize features reveals several trends, including the focus of most stories on local or state topics and the frequency with which Christian references appear.
Results of Gannett Purchase of Indianapolis Star Mixed
Authors: Plessinger Alison A. , Criswell Jeanne S.
Published: January 2017

Content changes in The Indianapolis Star after the Gannett purchase indicate a reduced commitment to front-page coverage of national news, with more prominence given to local and regional stories.
Negative Articles Predict Clinical Trial Reluctance
Authors: Len-Rios Maria E. , Qiu Qi
Published: January 2017

Findings in this study on clinical trials show that front page and section stories are overwhelmingly negative and that newspaper exposure is a negative predictor of the intention to participate.
Readers Use Black Newspapers for Health/Cancer Information
Authors: Len-Ríos María E. , Cohen Elisia , Caburnay Charlene
Published: January 2017

A national survey of readers of black newspapers shows that whether readers depend on black newspapers for cancer and health information depends on their black newspaper use, black self-identity and general media dependency.
Understanding of Health Risks Aided by Graphics with Text
Authors: Miller Barbara M. , Barnett Brooke
Published: January 2017

This study reports that infographics, specifically maps alone, do not enhance readers' understanding of environmental health risks in the news. Instead, readers benefit from a combination of both text and graphics.
Need for Speed onto Internet Clashes with Journalistic Values
Authors: Reinardy Scott
Published: January 2017

Interviews with U.S. newspaper journalists reveal that along with online initatives, newsroooms are experiencing organizational transformation. Young journalists are driving it and have adopted the online initiatives as older journalists continue to struggle.
Daily Newspaper Utilization of Computer Data Bases
Authors: Endres Fredric F.
Published: January 2017

Newspapers, especially larger and group-owned dailies, are using computer-accessed data bases more. Their value is highly regarded, but many papers cannot afford them, and some editors suggest they provide too much information for medium and small papers. Data base information on national and international events, individuals and corporations is generally praised. General assignment reporters use bases most frequently; editorial writers least often. The relationship between library and news-side managers needs more investigation.
Commentary: Rationales for Investigative and Explanatory Trends in Science Reporting
Authors: Logan Robert A.
Published: January 2017

Some scientists have complained that new explanatory and investigative trends in science reporting result in public misinformation about science and are ethically questionable. This essay explores some ethical reasons for the new techniques adopted by science reporters since 1970 and finds the changes occurred by necessity and reflect a firm ethical foundation. The recent shift in journalistic emphasis is seen as a necessary adaption to changes within science, which enables more persons to participate in national debates about science policy.
Effects of Coverage on Neighborhood and Community Concerns
Authors: Smith Kim A.
Published: January 2017

The media's agenda-setting power is not uniform on all issues. Past research has shown where people experience issues directly, media coverage is perceived as less influential. This study shows newspaper coverage was more strongly related to community than neighborhood issues, although the causal relationship between issue concerns and coverage varied depending on the issue. Direct experience was an important factor in translating neighborhood issues into community-wide ones.
Communication Stages and Public Issue Coverage
Authors: VanLeuven James K. , Ray Garrett W.
Published: January 2017

Based on previous research studies of issue coverage by newspapers, this article sets forth a model of stages in the development of public issue coverage. The model describes five different stages in issue development and the nature of journalistic coverage at each stage. A content analysis pilot test on two issues generally supports the model, and the authors suggest how the model might be used as a guide by media gatekeepers.
Freedom and Constraint in Objective Local News Coverage
Authors: Hankins Sarah Russell
Published: January 2017

This case study investigates how objective reporting in the 1983 Denver mayoral election may have been influenced by 1) reporters' creativity and advocacy freedom versus 2) ideological and economic constraints of the newspaper. The topic was investigated through content analysis and interviews with news professionals involved in campaign coverage.
TV News Viewing and the Decline of the Afternoon Newspaper
Authors: Moore Barbara A. , Howard Herbert H. , Johnson George C.
Published: January 2017

Viewing television news programs is frequently blamed for the decline of the afternoon newspaper. This study compared Nielsen ratings with newspaper circulation figures to determine if there is a relationship between the presence of an evening newspaper and highly rated newscasts. No relationship was found. However, some significant variations were found between market size and location, and the ratings for local and network newscasts.
Predicting Newspaper Readership from Content Characteristics: A Replication
Authors: McCombs Maxwell E. , Mauro John B. , Son Jinok
Published: January 2017

At newspaper readership has declined, especially among the young, scholars and practicing journalists have devoted increasing attention to determining what influences newspaper readership. This study duplicates 1974 research of Richmond Times-Dispatch in an effort to identify important readership variables. Results confirm editors' intuition that story location on section front pages is the most important such variable.
Perceptions of Campus Police: Newsgathering and Access to Public Records
Authors: Shipman Marlin
Published: January 2017

Survey of campus police finds most saying relations with campus press are good, but student reporters do not check records regularly and coverage of campus crime remains minimal.
Reducing Limitations on Practical Academic Research
Authors: Lacy Stephen
Published: January 2017

The academic world should have room for all kinds of research, and industry needs to be more supportive of academic research efforts.
Significant Silences: Newspaper Coverage of Problems Facing Black Americans
Authors: Martindale Carolyn
Published: January 2017

Coverage of problems facing black Americans was less than might be expected in the 1960s, but increased in the decade after that, only to decline in the 1980s.
Federalism and Free Press: Lessons from the Rehnquist Court
Authors: Perkins Michael
Published: January 2017

The Rehnquist Court's willingness to let states set their own First Amendment standards already has posed problems for the press.
External Information Databases in Small Circulation Newsrooms
Authors: Martin Shannon
Published: January 2017

Newsroom managers appreciate the research skills of librarians in information retrieval, but are less sure of the value of giving staff access to databases.
The Disappearing Reader
Authors: Stevenson Robert L.
Published: January 2017

Cohort analysis in national and North Carolina studies indicates a decline in newspaper reading in most age groups.
Sexual Harassment in Indiana Daily Newspapers
Authors: Flatow Gail
Published: January 2017

Sixty-eight percent of women in newsrooms reported sexual harassment, with verbal harassment far and away the most common problem.
Press and Public Rights of Access in Plea Bargains
Authors: Bunker Matthew D.
Published: January 2017

Access to hearings and records in plea bargains has been upheld in most instances, but denied in some.
The Shrinking Foreign Newshole of the New York Times
Authors: Riffe Daniel , Aust Charles F. , Jones Ted C. , Shoemake Barbara , Sundar Shyam
Published: January 2017

The Times has fewer, but longer international stories than it did two decades ago, and the front page contains a higher proportion of international items.
Libel and Statements of Opinion before and after Milkovich
Authors: Davis Charles N.
Published: January 2017

Most libel cases involving opinion since Milkovich v. Loraine Journal have resulted in summary judgments for the defense.
How Race and Gender Affect Journalists' Autonomy
Authors: Liebler Carol
Published: January 2017

Female journalists perceive they have as much autonomy as males while minorities see themselves as having slightly less autonomy.
1985, 1994: Comparison of Reader Content Preferences
Authors: Stone Gerald C. , Boudreau Timothy
Published: January 2017

This survey finds preferences nearly the same as they were a decade ago, but some differences were found between younger and older readers.
Federal Government Data: On Line, but off Limits
Authors: Morrissey David
Published: January 2017

Both President Clinton and Congress have attempted to increase access to on-line information, but most government agencies have resisted these efforts.
Advertisers Less Satisfied as Result of Detroit JOA
Authors: Shaver Mary Alice , Matthews Martha
Published: January 2017

A survey of advertisers who used Detroit newspapers finds many advertising less in those papers and using other media more.
ASNE Efforts Increase Minorities in Newsrooms
Authors: Najjar Orayb
Published: January 2017

The Year 2000 goal won't be met, but the goal has led to a threefold increase in the number of minorities in newsrooms since 1972.
An Appraisal of Murdoch and the U.S. Daily Press
Authors: Pasadeos Yorgo , Renfro Paula
Published: January 2017

The Murdoch formula emphasizes local coverage, self-promotion and news of conflict-laden events.
Analysis of Black Images in Comic Strips, 1915–1995
Authors: White Sylvia E. , Fuentez Tania
Published: January 2017

Negative stereotypes of blacks were dominant in strips before 1955, but virtually nonexistent in 1995. Black characters in current strips are portrayed in a wider variety of occupational roles and social settings than in the past.
How Managerial Evolution Affects Newspaper Firms
Authors: Lewis Regina Louise
Published: January 2017

Survey finds that high-performance practices are less evident in newspaper production departments than in advertising or news-editorial departments.
Job Satisfaction in Newspaper Ad Departments
Authors: Pokrywczynski James , Crowley John
Published: January 2017

Results indicate newspaper advertising employees are not as dissatisfied as their editorial counterparts but they are the least satisfied of any group in the advertising industry.
Access, Use and Preferences for Online Newspapers
Authors: Chyi Hsiang Iris , Lasorsa Dominic
Published: January 2017

Readers of online editions of local papers tend to be readers of that paper, but online editions of national papers reach people who don't read the print edition.
From Map to Machine: Conceptualizing and Designing News on the Internet
Authors: Lowrey Wilson
Published: January 2017

Creative directors agree that, on the Web, content must drive design and design should be simple and clear.
Generation X: Is its Meaning Understood?
Authors: Poindexter Paula M. , Lasorsa Dominic L.
Published: January 2017

Although newspapers and other mass media increasingly have been using the term “Generation X” to refer to young adults, a survey found that a large number of people - almost one in three - was unfamiliar with the term.
Innovators or News Hounds?: A Study of Early Adopters of the Electronic Newspaper
Authors: Weir Tom
Published: January 2017

The pattern of adoption for electronic newspapers is distinctly different from that for other consumable products. The use of the electronic newspaper is not correlated with the use of the Internet or knowledge of computers.
Ethnic Identity and Bilingualism Attitudes
Authors: Hurtado Aida , Gurin Patricia
Published: January 2017

Attitudes toward bilingualism among a national sample of persons of Mexican descent are cast in a set of social psychological forces in which structural integration and childhood linguistic environment influence ethnic identity, which in turn influences bilingualism attitudes through its impact on political consciousness. Support is provided by evidence that ethnic identity, specifically a politically-framed conception of self as Chicana/Chicano and as part of la raza, fosters positive views of bilingualism both directly and indirectly through political consciousness. Ethnic identity also influences bilingualism attitudes through a different and contradictory path. Traditional self-conceptions as Mexican and Spanish-speaking directly encourage support of bilingualism but, at the same time, engage conservative political attitudes that discourage it.
Phenotype and Life Chances Among Chicanos
Authors: Arce Carlos H. , Murguia Edward , Frisbie W. Parker
Published: January 2017

Data from a national Chicano survey with nearly 1000 respondents were examined to test the hypothesis that because of internal (intragroup) and external (intergroup) discrimination, both past and present, Mexican Americans with a European physical appearance will have more enhanced life chances as measured by higher socioeconomic status than Mexican Americans with an indigenous Native American physical appearance. Two variables, skin color and physical features, were combined into a composite variable of observed phenotype. When observed phenotype was correlated with indicators of socioeconomic status, the hypothesis was largely confirmed.
Hispanic Perceptions of Communication Discrimination
Authors: Korzenny Felipe , Schiff Elizabeth
Published: January 2017

The present study was designed to obtain an overall picture of the relative importance of different manifestations of communication phenomena interpreted as discriminatory. In addition, the individual contribution of a set of predictors of communication discrimination was assessed. Four dimensions of perceived discrimination were explored: the contexts/situations where Hispanics perceive discrimination to take place; the attributes perceived by Hispanics as elicitors of discriminatory behaviors on the part of Anglos; the characteristics of those Anglos perceived to be more likely to discriminate; and the behaviors which can be interpreted as being discriminatory by Hispanics. Contexts, in particular work and school, were found to be the most important predictors of communication discrimination.
Toward a Model Predicting Employment for the Puerto Rican Youth Segment
Authors: Velez William , Javalgi Rajshekar G.
Published: January 2017

This study, using the maximum likelihood method, investigates the predictors of employment for Puerto Rican youth, ages 15–29. The results suggest that older and more educated workers are more likely to be employed. In addition, the results show that civil status, unemployment spells, spells out of the labor force, and gender are significant determinants of employment. Given the high unemployment rate among Hispanics, this study adds to the knowledge of the factors that are important in determining the employment odds among Puerto Rican youth in the United States.
Locating Experience in Language: Towards a Poststructuralist Theory of Experience
Authors: Usher Robin
Published: January 2017

Experience, although a key concept in adult learning, tends to be conceptualized within the framework of humanistic psychology and thus to be seen as asocial and subjective. This article argues that the relationship between meaning and experience should not be grounded in subjectivity. The insoluble problems of such a grounding are illustrated by the deconstructive analysis of a text (Jarvis, 1987) centered on a humanistic approach to meaning and experience. An alternative theorization is presented that stresses the constitutive role of language in experience. This shows how the meaning of experience is located in the play of language and the power of discourse. Experience, therefore, potentially has no single, fixed, and invariant meaning. Seeing experience in this way allows for a reconceptualization of adult learning which more readily takes account of the neglected social dimension.
The Generality of the Underlying Dimensions of the ODDI Continuing Learning Inventory
Authors: Six Jack E.
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the three empirically derived factors of the Oddi Continuing Learning Inventory (OCLI) remain hardy across study samples. Data analysis involved generating pairs of factor scores for one data set by using the factor-score coefficients of two other data sets and then correlating the pairs of factor scores. High positive correlations (r ≥ .93) indicated the three derived factors in the rotated factor structure matrix matched those reported by Oddi (1984). The results suggest the underlying dimensions of the OCLI do not break up under different study conditions.
Critical Thinking and Self-Directed Learning in Adult Education: An Analysis of Responsibility and Control Issues
Authors: Garrison D. R.
Published: January 2017

Two dominant theoretical frameworks in adult education are critical thinking and self-directed learning. This article is an analysis of the fundamental premises of these constructs in an attempt to link these two frameworks in a more integrative and explanatory view of adult education than is possible through each individual concept. The article argues that responsibility and control issues are fundamental to both critical thinking and self-directed learning. The discussion is intended to contribute to our understanding of the premises and essence of adult learning and education, and to stimulate further reflection on critical thinking and self-directed learning.
Adult Education as Self Education
Authors: Callender Willard D.
Published: January 2017

This paper argues that adult education can best be seen as self-education. A context, beginning definition, and concept of that term are described, along with a model and supporting guides for conducting self-education. The paper concludes with an examination of why the profession of adult education would be founded more soundly on this basis than upon alternative assumptions.
Secondary Prevention of Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Darteyre Stéphane , Renaud Cyrille , Fluss Joel , Laporte Silvy , Bertoletti Laurent , Chabrier Stéphane
Published: January 2017

This study aimed to know how frontline physicians in France, Belgium, and Switzerland implement guidelines regarding the secondary prevention of childhood arterial ischemic stroke and to introduce physicians’ point of view on a clinical trial assessing the efficacy of aspirin as a preventive strategy. The authors conducted an online survey directed at specialists throughout dedicated networks and used a mixed method for data analysis. Overall, 63 physicians responded, and 88% prescribe aspirin when sickle cell disease, cardio-embolic stroke, and dissection of cervical arteries are excluded. Prescribing habits vary among respondents with respect to their specialty. A majority would choose placebo or a treatment given to historical controls to compare with an aspirin arm in a trial. In studied countries, there seems to be good adherence to guidelines regarding the secondary prevention of childhood stroke. A trial assessing the efficacy of aspirin could be well accepted if several factors regarding study design were taken into account.
Competitiveness in a Slow Relational Production Network
Authors: Shih WenYing Claire , Agrafiotis Konstantinos
Published: January 2017

Global clothing production has given rise to fast fashion strategies adopted by the majority of fashion retailers. However, there is a production network located in London, one of the most expensive areas in the world. The Savile Row tailors using craft techniques slow by nature have never outsourced production to remain competitive. In line with the resource-based view, the relational view, and global production networks theories, the authors devise a conceptual framework as they seek to explore how competitiveness can be achieved within a slow production network. A single case study of London’s Savile Row tailoring operations is adopted. This self-reliant network has managed to acquire capabilities and specialized knowledge and transform them into core competences, thus generating competitiveness. The perennial values of this slow craft and its recent international revival secure the tailors’ longevity.
Colorectal Cancer Screening Completion Among Individuals With and Without Mental Illnesses: A Comparison of 2 Screening Methods
Authors: Yarborough Bobbi Jo H. , Hanson Ginger C. , Perrin Nancy A. , Stumbo Scott P. , Green Carla A.
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

Cancer mortality is worse among people with psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to compare facilitators and rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening between people with and without mental illnesses.

Design:

We conducted a secondary analysis using data from a general population cohort study (N = 92 445) that assessed effects of 2 types of CRC screening test kits—guaiac fecal occult blood testing (gFOBT) and fecal immunochemical testing (FIT)—on CRC screening completion.

Setting:

The setting was a health system that served approximately 485 000 members in urban and suburban Oregon and Washington.

Participants:

Participants were health system members, categorized by mental illness diagnosis (psychotic disorders, non-psychotic unipolar depression, and no mental illness), who were age-eligible, at average risk of CRC, and were at least 366 days past their last gFOBT with no evidence of other CRC screening.

Measures:

The outcome was time until completion of CRC screening.

Analysis:

We used Cox proportional hazard models.

Results:

FIT reduced CRC screening barriers for all the groups. Compared to people without mental illness diagnoses, those with psychotic disorders were equally likely to screen using FIT (hazard ratio [HR] = .95, p = .679) and those with depression were more likely (HR = 1.17, p = .006).

Conclusions:

FIT can improve CRC screening rates among people with mental illnesses, particularly depression.
Dose–Response Association Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in a National Sample of Older Adults
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Edwards Meghan K. , Crush Elizabeth , Ikuta Toshikazu , Del Arco Alberto
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

Previous research demonstrates a favorable effect of physical activity on cognitive function among older adults. The potential dose–response relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in this population is less understood, which was the purpose of this study.

Setting:

Data from the 1999 to 2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were employed.

Participants:

A total of 2157 older adults aged 60 to 85 years.

Measures:

Cognitive function was assessed from the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), expressed as metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-min-month (MET-min-month = days × duration × MET level), was assessed via self-report, with 5 MVPA categories evaluated: (1) <2000 MVPA MET-min-month, (2) 2000 to 3999 MVPA MET-min-month, (3) 4000 to 5999 MVPA MET-min-month, (4) 6000 to 7999 MVPA MET-min-month, and (5) 8000+ MVPA MET-min-month.

Analysis:

Weighted multivariable linear regression.

Results:

An inverted U-shaped relationship was observed. Consistent across several adjusted models, those who engaged in 6000 to 7999 MVPA MET-min-month had the highest cognitive function score.

Conclusion:

The results suggest an optimal amount of physical activity to prevent the cognitive decline associated with aging.
Organizational Performance and Conceptual Capability: The Relationship Between Organizational Performance and Successors’ Capability in a Family-Owned Firm
Authors: King Sandra
Published: January 2017

A small percentage of family businesses survive succession. Jaques (1996) suggests that conceptual capability is a significant determiner of business performance and thus, by inference, successful transition. This research tested the hypothesis that business performance following succession is in part attributable to differences between predecessors and successors on this measure.
Management Capabilities and Environmental Characteristics in the Critical Operational Phase of Entrepreneurship—A Comparison of Finnish Family and Nonfamily Firms
Authors: Littunen Hannu
Published: January 2017

This study seeks to clarify which factors associated with the start-up and critical operational phase of family and nonfamily firms influence the ability of those firms to survive over the critical first three years of their existence. In search of potential differences in the structural characteristics between these two types of firms, this study compares owners of Finnish family and nonfamily businesses in motives for founding the firm, characteristics of the local environment, changes in strategic factors, changes in networks, and differences in style of management. The findings revealed marked differences in individuals’ motives for founding a business: for family business owners, the presence of negative situational factors were the more important motivating and precipitating factors in creating a new business. With respect to style of management, in a typical family enterprise, ownership, management, and family are combined in a single entity. In the surviving nonfamily firms, entrepreneurial teams were found to be important in bringing the skills needed for the strategy-development process. Finally, family firms were most commonly located in the capital area, although some were also found in rural areas, whereas nonfamily firms were most commonly found in service center regions.
The Expectation of Partial Retirement Among Family Business Owners
Authors: Kim Haejeong , DeVaney Sharon A.
Published: January 2017

Decisions that the family business owner makes about retirement and succession are critical and could affect a large proportion of the work force. Compared to employees, family business owners may have more of an opportunity to retire partially, i.e., reduce the number of hours worked. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of family business owners who expect to retire partially. Data on 1,155 family business owners from the 1998 Survey of Consumer Finances reveals that family business owners with more education and more income, who work more hours per week, and who have tax-deferred retirement accounts expect to retire partially. There is a direct correlation between age and those choosing partial retirement, suggesting that many family business owners expect to retire partially. Married family business owners were less likely to expect to retire partially; instead, they would retire fully. The equity in the business, type of ownership, and involvement of other family members did not affect the expectation of partial retirement.
Enacting the overweight body in residential child care: Eating and agency beyond the nature–culture divide
Authors: Eßer Florian
Published: January 2017

This article reconstructs multiple enactments of overweight bodies in residential child care by analysing ethnographic field notes. The account links in with current tendencies in childhood studies to reach a more material and relational understanding of children’s agency. Examining concepts of embodiment as discussed in science and technology studies and phenomenology, the article offers an approach to childhood studies which connects the corporeal and agency. It shows how different enactments of children’s bodies and food produce different forms of agency.
Part of company policy BP‘s view of higher education
Authors: Malpas Robert
Published: January 2017

In this article Robert Malpas states his views on the call for companies to have a policy towards higher education. He discusses the ways in which BP is involved with higher education, by way of illustration, and makes the point that the many strands of such activity should be gathered together to form a coherent policy. He recognizes the responsibility of BP in this regard and asks the question that if large companies cannot offer a lead, who will?
Universities must manage to survive
Authors: Thomas D.B.
Published: January 2017

Project management skills have become an increasingly essential and enduring feature of most university research. As UK universities have now become big business, this article questions whether these complex management tasks can safely be left in the hands of existing university mechanisms alone. Under discussion is the current framework for the funding of UK universities. The author expresses the view that government must set up a better framework and must cease expecting universities to subsidize commissioned research.
The COMETT programme Working for cooperation
Authors: Sutherland Peter
Published: January 2017

COMETT is a new and experimental programme which has evolved on the basis of an analysis of need. In this article Peter Sutherland, who was responsible for the setting up and development of COMETT, analyses the programme in terms of the Community as a whole, examines its success to date and its short-term prospects. He looks towards a second phase of COMETT and details four issues for particular consideration.
Research collaboration in Singapore Promoting growth in a newly industrializing country
Authors: Hang C.C.
Published: January 2017

This paper examines research conducted by the Faculty of Engineering that is relevant to a newly industrializing country like Singapore. It encourages the transfer of university research results through research collaboration with industry. The experience of Singapore in setting up an innovation centre to stimulate innovation and promote collaborative research with industry is presented. Its success depends greatly on the commitment of the management, and this includes devising various measures to encourage staff participation in collaborative research.
The Glasgow College/Scomagg Limited Teaching Company Scheme
Authors: Cole Bob , Jack Bill
Published: January 2017

A casual conversation between the authors of this paper triggered off the Glasgow College/Scomagg Limited Teaching Company Scheme in high integrity software for industrial process control. With advice and financial support from the SERC/DTI scheme, the programme developed into a three-year scheme, employing four teaching company associates. This paper traces the development of the scheme from its conception to its successful progress one year after its start, and looks optimistically towards the future.
The Engineering Clinic at Old Dominion University
Authors: Crossman Gary R. , Marchello Joseph M.
Published: January 2017

The mission of the Engineering Clinic at Old Dominion University is to provide a flexible mechanism for the transfer of technology from the university to both small and medium-sized companies in Virginia. The primary mechanisms for this technology transfer are: applied research projects with companies, supported partially with state funds; and state-of-the-art short courses and seminars.
The Université de Technologie de Compiègne
Authors: Cordonnier M.
Published: January 2017

Since the Université de Technologie de Compiègne was created in 1972 it has clearly realized its aim to work very closely with industry. This article describes the internal structures of the university that encourage collaboration, and assesses their effectiveness.
The Thames Polytechnic Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme
Authors: Currell B.R. , Randall G.K.
Published: January 2017

The Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme recently launched by Thames Polytechnic offers a new service to employers and new educational opportunities to employees. This report describes the setting up of the scheme, its benefits, and how it has generated a partnership with J. Sainsbury plc and the Woolwich Building Society.