bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USO DO METILFENIDATO PARA O MELHORAMENTO ACADÊMICO
Authors: Alves Francisco Wamilson Lima , Andrade Leonardo Guimarães de
Published: April 2022

O metilfenidato é aprovado para uso no tratamento do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade e Narcolepsia, no entanto, tem-se muito utilizado com fins não terapêuticos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do artigo é apresentar a  investigação sobre o uso de Ritalina (metilfenidato) por estudantes universitários para aprimoração do desempenho cognitivo no ambiente acadêmico e também reunir  dados sobre as motivações, expectativas, efeitos e prejuízos do uso não prescrito de metilfenidato por universitários, por meio de  uma revisão de literatura com abordagem exploratória e descritiva, na qual foram realizadas pesquisas em bancos de dados digitais como: SCieLo  Pubmed, LIlacs e Google acadêmico. Os resultados demonstram que metilfenidato é o psicoestimulantes mais consumido no mundo, com características farmacológicas semelhantes às anfetaminas, portanto com potencial de abuso. Seus usos off-label incluem como tratamento para fadiga em pacientes com câncer, depressão refratária na população geriátrica, apatia na doença de alzheimer e para melhorar o desempenho cognitivo. Diante disso, os estudantes têm utilizado por automedicação, através de indicação de amigos para melhorar a concentração, o estado de alerta e o desempenho acadêmico, ou para fins recreativos, o qual maior percentual de consumo é notado nos alunos de medicina, além disso, padrão de consumo varia conforme a prevalência de consumo o período do curso. Portanto, é essencial estratégias de promoção de educação em saúde para o uso racional do medicamento.
O APEGO EM CRIANÇAS QUE PASSAM A PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA EM CRECHES
Authors: Cunha Gabriela Alcoforado Lopes , Melo Lucas Antônio Veríssimo de , Netto Matheus da Gama Carneiro
Published: April 2022

Ao estudar o desenvolvimento infantil, a relação simbiótica mãe-bebê e a construção do Apego que se dá nesse período, surgiu o interesse de revisitar as teorias relacionadas à temática para compreender como este apego se mantém numa circunstância em que a criança é cuidada por diversas pessoas. O projeto teve como objetivo investigar, a partir da Teoria de John Bowlby, se, durante a primeira infância, crianças em creches podem apresentar dificuldades na construção dos vínculos afetivos. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se em pesquisas bibliográficas sobre os conhecimentos teóricos da Teoria do Apego e os agentes facilitadores e dificultadores de um apego saudável. Foi analisado ainda, o ambiente da creche, a compreensão de como se constitui o apego no infante e como as diferenças sociais que recaem sobre as creches podem ter uma influência na relação dos cuidadores com essas crianças.  Os resultados apontaram que a partir do momento em que a criança se vê distante de seu cuidador original e primário, entra em períodos de choros e resistências, entre outros aspectos que contribuem para um apego inseguro. Como consequências, tem-se a ansiedade em conhecer coisas e pessoas novas, a evitação e angústia para com o ambiente afora, a dificuldade em explorar situações novas, e muitas outras dificuldades com o mundo externo e até mesmo interno, já que a base sólida de exploração e apoio se encontrou ausente em grande parte do ciclo de seu desenvolvimento. É necessário o contato, a atenção, a proteção, carinho e principalmente o amor para que a relação se torne algo saudável e funcional, pois crianças deixadas desde cedo em creches, chegando de volta ao ambiente natural e familiar sem essas necessidades básicas que os pais devem prestar, terão graves dificuldades futuramente com o ambiente externo. Então, conclui-se que as crianças que são privadas de cuidados básicos dos pais, certamente terão alguma sequela. Visto isso, foi possível concluir que as relações primárias construídas na infância afetam o padrão de apego do indivíduo ao longo da sua vida, e que o rompimento desses vínculos de apego, tanto na infância, adolescência ou vida adulta, suscita transformações nas formas de se relacionar.
OS ENFERMEIROS DA ALEGRIA – UM SORRISO TRANSFORMADOR: TEMPO DE VIVER UM NOVO TEMPO
Authors: Siqueira Betina Cambraia Dias de , Silva Larissa de Lima Nascimento
Published: April 2022

Introdução: A pandemia do novo Coronavírus vem influenciando e impactando diretamente os estados de equilíbrio dinâmico do homem. Partindo-se da teoria proposta por Wanda Horta, visando assistir o homem em suas necessidades humanas básicas, quando “há tensão e desconforto, existe uma necessidade não atendida, desaparecendo esta sintomatologia quando o organismo ou o ambiente a satisfazerem”. Para tanto, a equipe dos Enfermeiros da Alegria um projeto de extensão universitária do Centro Universitário Braz Cubas, a fim de atender os pacientes adotando a metodologia “clown”, precisou readaptar-se, fora do ambiente hospitalar, a nova realidade. Cabe ainda salientar que, neste contexto foi necessário adotar estratégias que promovessem um olhar mais humanístico, o bem-estar e conhecimento, não somente dos pacientes, como também de toda a sociedade atendia pela equipe. Objetivo: Compreender as mudanças ocorridas no “novo tempo” no projeto dos Enfermeiros da Alegria e a importância da terapia lúdica no processo de hospitalização. Metodologia: Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre um projeto de extensão universitária, onde foram usados 13 artigos científicos e 1 livro que, por sua vez, foram extraídas informações relevantes que visam fundamentar a temática apresentada. Considerações finais: Fica evidente, portanto, que é preciso humanizar e estimular a aprendizagem, inserindo metodologias diversificadas que estimulem a criatividade, comoalternativa para viver onovo tempo.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA COMPREENSÃO DA PREVENÇÃO EM SAÚDE MENTAL PARA ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO - RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Saboya Francisca Talitta Muniz , Trajano Andreza Gonçalves , Silva Lorena Fragoso , Santos Rayra Azevedo dos , Melgaço Thayusa Rayan Passos
Published: April 2022

O presente estudo consiste em relato de experiência de intervenção elaborada a partir da demanda de um grupo de alunos do ensino médio que, por iniciativa própria, debruçou-se sobre a problemática da ansiedade e da depressão, no sentido de promover acolhimento, entre os escolares da instituição a qual pertencem. Sabendo-se que em situações de avaliação de desempenho, alunos, não raro, encontram-se em condição de sofrimento emocional, tais como ansiedade patológica e depressão, conveio então, a proposição de uma intervenção de direcionamento claro para prevenção e promoção em saúde mental. Assim, com o objetivo de direcionar tais estudantes ao olhar das emoções e dos sentimentos, tanto nos eventos normativos como não normativos da adolescência; Instruir quanto à relevância de se perceber as nuances do que é dito normal (como processo) ou patológico, capacitando-os minimamente a identificações de sinais e sintomas e o reconhecimento das emoções como algo inerente ao ser humano, o manejo da ação propôs melhor entendimento e fortalecimento do projeto criado pelos próprios alunos da instituição. A partir do que foi realizado, notadamente, a ação promovida gerou resultados satisfatórios, de modo que com as dinâmicas conduzidas os alunos demonstraram, além da compreensão acerca da importância das emoções, o entendimento sobre possíveis sinais e sintomas relacionados à depressão e ansiedade, nos quais a ação grupal manteve o foco.
SÍFILIS: DIAGNÓSTICO, TRATAMENTO E CUIDADO FARMACÊUTICO
Authors: Velasco Clayton da Silva , Andrade Leonardo Guimarães de
Published: April 2022

A sífilis, ou lues, é uma Infecção Sexualmente Transmissível, causada pela bactéria Treponema pallidum, transmitida por via sexual, gestacional ou ainda, por vias indiretas (objetos contaminados). Conhecida na Europa desde o século XV, a doença tem sido tratada, desde 1943, com Penicilina, droga de escolha para o tratamento até hoje, não tendo documentado nenhum caso de resistência. Porém, mesmo que o seu tratamento seja eficaz e de baixo custo, a sífilis segue sendo um problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo.
SAÚDE MENTAL E PANDEMIA
Authors: Lapa Regina Célia Rodrigues
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: O presente artigo visa realizar uma análise da saúde mental na atuação dos profissionais de linha de frente da pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa que buscou investigar os efeitos psíquicos da pandemia na vida de trabalhadores da saúde, apontados em relatórios e artigos. Resultados: O sofrimento psíquico dos profissionais da saúde se encontra presentes em todo o mundo na atuação de enfrentamento da COVID-19. Considera-se no Brasil maior incidência de sofrimento no gênero feminino e em profissionais de enfermagem. Conclusão: Ansiedade, depressão, estresse e a síndrome de burnout são os principais efeitos psíquicos presentes nos profissionais da linha de frente.
A PERCEPÇÃO DOS INTERVENIENTES DA GESTÃO ESCOLAR ACERCA DA ESCOLA DE QUALIDADE E FACTORES QUE A PROMOVEM NO 1OCICLO DO ENSINO PRIMÁRIO, CASO DE ESTUDO NA ESCOLA PRIMÁRIA DO 1º E 2º GRAU 25 DE JUNHO
Authors: Zivale Santos Oliveira Jone
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho debruça sobre a percepção dos intervenientes da gestão escolar acerca da escola de qualidade e factores que a promovem no 1ociclo do ensino primário, tendo como campo de estudo na Escola Primária do 1º e 2º grau 25 de Junho. Visa analisar a percepção dos intervenientes da gestão escolar, partindo aos professores, direcção da escola e o conselho da escola acerca da escola de qualidade e factores que a promovem nesta escola; Explicar nível da percepção dos intervenientes da gestão escolar sobre a escola de qualidade; Indicar os possíveis factores que promovem uma escola de qualidade especialmente na Escola Primária do 1º e 2º grau 25 de Junho; e por fim sugerir alguns factores que promovem a escola de qualidade e que tenham impacto na Escola Primária do 1º e 2º grau 25 de Junho. Para a efectivação deste trabalho recorreu-se ao estudo do campo, onde foi possível colher os dados conforme o que havia previsto na secção anterior. Feita a análise percebeu-se que os intervenientes da escola são muito importantes para a avaliação da qualidade da escola e desempenham um papel de extrema importância no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Portanto, existem vários factores que promovem uma escola de qualidade, isto é, factores de Gestão escolar, o ambiente físico da escola, a prática docente ou pedagógica, o processo de aprendizagem, entre outros factores. Com isso, os professores, a direcção e a comunidade, através conselho da escola deixaram ficar seus argumentos em torno da Escola de Qualidade e passam a fazer uma observância com rigor para que possam superar a qualidade actual para o melhor.
A DINÂMICA DA LUDICIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Boas Janaína Vilas , Lima Joana Alves Pereira , Rios Marcilia Silva de Lima , Soares Marta Alves Pereira , Arruda Oneide Sebastiana Ribeiro de Souza , Santos Mirella Nogueira dos , Pereira Tânia de Carvalho
Published: April 2022

Este artigo dispõe de reflexões e apontamentos sobre a importância da ludicidade na Educação infantil. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica foi realizado um estudo abordando alguns teóricos que pesquisaram e analisaram como ocorre o desenvolvimento da criança e a construção do seu conhecimento. De acordo com o desenvolvimento da criança ela passa por algumas fases, à medida que se desenvolve na interação com o meio e com o outro aperfeiçoa e amplia seu conhecimento. Segundo essas descobertas a criança é um ser lúdico, ou seja, desde o seu nascimento descobre o mundo através da interação com o objeto de conhecimento, seja seu corpo ou objetos distintos, com o manuseio e observação, interage e descobre novas aprendizagens em seu dia a dia. As brincadeiras, brinquedos, jogos, criatividade e imaginação são parceiros fundamentais na construção do conhecimento infantil, pois são fatores determinantes para que ocorra uma aprendizagem significativa e gradativa.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA AVALIAÇÃO FÍSICA NA PRESCRIÇÃO DE EXERCÍCIOS FÍSICOS
Authors: Paz Rosélia Ylka André de Almeida de França , Paz Edvan Vieira de França
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho visa uma análise simples e direta acerca da importância da Avaliação física como ferramenta de análise de dados e principal norteador para uma correta prescrição de exercícios, acompanhamento do desenvolvimento motor e saúde dos alunos demonstrando desta forma como a construção de tal ferramenta é peça fundamental na elaboração e planejamento das orientações a serem seguidas. Avaliação física, tendo como base o conhecimento técnico-científico, é o conjunto da analise de diversas variáveis biopsicossociais: antropométricas; composição corporal; análise postural; avaliações metabólicas e neuromusculares; avaliações nutricionais, psicológica e social, no intuito de alimentar com informações indispensáveis a elaboração de um correto e eficiente programa de exercícios que resultará na condução do individuo a prática de exercícios sem risco a sua saúde, e consequentemente proporcionar um melhor desenvolvimento cognitivo e físico.
O MUNDO ENCANTADO DAS HISTÓRIAS
Authors: Alabi Elisangela dos Santos Costa , Figueiredo Rute Candida de Oliveira
Published: April 2022

No Centro Municipal de Ensino “Silvio Paternez” atuamos como professores alfabetizadoras, com as turmas, 3º ano B e C Professora Elisangela, e 4º anos A e C Professora Rute, com o total de 140 alunos, 35 em cada turma. O projeto foi desenvolvido em sala de aula e fora em outras partes da escola, trabalhado através de atividades interdisciplinares, realização de rodas de leitura, envolvendo conto e reconto (oral); onde tivemos contação de histórias e de contos, feita por alunos, professores, coordenadora e algum convidado.  Leitura de vários contos, que têm na biblioteca da escola e em casa, escrita e reescrita de histórias (4º ano), e contos trabalhados com os alunos, propiciando aos alunos aulas diferenciadas, tornando-as mais prazerosas. Segundo Busatto (2006, p 74):
CONFLITO ENTRE RÚSSIA E UCRÂNIA: QUAIS OS INTERESSES DE CADA UM?
Authors: Mendes Filho Paulo
Published: April 2022

Muito tem se falado a respeito do conflito envolvendo Rússia e Ucrânia que já se prolonga por dias, porém a cobertura tem sido parcial e muitas vezes com uma qualidade duvidosa, gerando desinformação e omitindo alguns aspectos que são importantes para entender o conflito. Analisando esse conflito com o arcabouço teórico da geografia, podemos entender melhor, visto que as análises geográficas podem ser feitas de forma multiescalar, ou seja, podemos observar as causas e consequências dos eventos em diferentes escalas, dessa forma podemos entender os interesses internacionais que geraram o conflito ao mesmo tempo que podemos observar como os discursos locais são utilizados para justificar esses conflitos.
TENDÊNCIAS DESURBANAS NO BRASIL CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Pompermaier João Paulo Lucchetta
Published: April 2022

A presente resenha refere-se ao capítulo Desurbanismo: um manual rápido de destruição de cidades de autoria do Prof. Dr. Lucas Figueiredo e publicado no livro Urbanidades. Versa sobre algumas tendências desurbanas observadas em cidades brasileiras e suas possíveis consequências a longo prazo. O desurbanismo citado pelo autor, nada mais é, do que o inverso do urbanismo e pode ser considerado como uma estratégia de destruição de cidades. As tendências desurbanas apresentadas acabam por inviabilizar modos de vida, devendo ser evitadas ou solucionadas para o planejamento urbano adequado das cidades e consequentemente o desenvolvimento social.
O USO INDISCRIMINADO DA RITALINA PARA MELHORIA DO DESEMPENHO ACADÊMICO
Authors: Rodrigues Rhuan Alves , Andrade Leonardo Guimarães de
Published: April 2022

O metilfenidato, princípio ativo da Ritalina, é um fármaco psicoestimulante utilizado na farmacoterapia do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). Porém, mesmo se tratando de um medicamento de uso controlado, que tem diversos efeitos colaterais, cujo uso prolongado pode levar o usuário a dependência e que só pode ser adquirido mediante prescrição médica, a Ritalina é comercializada livremente, de forma ilegal, levando ao uso indiscriminado por estudantes que acreditam que ela “turbina o cérebro”. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho pretende analisar o uso indiscriminado da Ritalina para melhoria do desempenho acadêmico.
AUTODETERMINAÇÃO DE EXPRESSÃO DIANTE DO DIREITO À INTIMIDADE
Authors: Olivieri Ricardo de Azevedo
Published: April 2022

Perspectiva do enfoque sintético que se impõe, iniciam-se estes estudos a partir da Constituição da República de 1998. Investiga-se a questão do direito à privacidade diante do direito à liberdade de expressão, preocupando-se em estudar o problema da eventual colisão desses interesses.
Change in characteristics of Monsoon low pressure systems under a warming climate 
Authors: Thomas Tresa Mary , Bala Govindasamy , Srinivas Venkata Vemavarapu
Published: March 2022

The synoptic-scale tropical cyclonic disturbances that form over the monsoon trough region over the Indian subcontinent called monsoon low pressure systems (LPS) are the major rain bearers for the country. They are also known to cause extreme precipitation events leading to multiple catastrophic floods almost every year. Understanding the change in their characteristics under a warming climate is necessary for better preparedness and mitigation of their adverse effect. In this study, we use the Climate Earth System Model (CESM1.2.2) to investigate the impact of climate change on LPS characteristics over India. The model is run at 0.9°×1.25° horizontal resolution, and output is saved at 6-hourly intervals for LPS track analysis. Two experiments are performed: a present-day control simulation (CTRL) and an RCP8.5 simulation (indicating warmer climate) towards the end of the current century. LPS are tracked in the experiments using an Automated Tracking Algorithm using Geopotential Criteria (ATAGC) for a 37-year period in the control simulation and during 2070-2100 in the RCP8.5 scenario. As expected, an increase in mean monsoon precipitation and a decrease in monsoon circulation are simulated over the Indian subcontinent in RCP8.5 compared to CTRL. But the change in the number of LPS is insignificant under a warming climate. A shift is found in the number of LPS genesis over land and ocean, with a larger number of genesis over the land in the RCP8.5 scenario. The trend in precipitation is consistent with mean monsoon precipitation, i.e., an increase in the magnitude of mean and extreme precipitation associated with LPS occurs under a warmer climate. Results from the investigations on the likely causes of the model results will be presented at the meeting.
Optimality principles explaining divergent responses of alpine vegetation to environmental change
Authors: Zhu Ziqi , Wang Han , Harrison Sandy P. , Prentice I. Colin , Qiao Shengchao , Tan Shen
Published: March 2022

Recent increases in vegetation cover, observed over much of the world, reflect increasing CO2 globally and warming in cold areas. However, the strength of the response to both CO2 and warming appears to be declining. Here we examine changes in vegetation cover on the Tibetan Plateau over the past 35 years. Although the climate trends are similar across the Plateau, drier regions have become greener by 0.31±0.14% yr−1 while wetter regions have become browner by 0.12±0.08% yr–1. This divergent response is predicted by a universal model of primary production accounting for optimal carbon allocation to leaves, subject to constraint by water availability. Rising CO2 stimulates production in both greening and browning areas; increased precipitation enhances growth in dry regions, but growth is reduced in wetter regions because warming increases below-ground allocation costs. The declining sensitivity of vegetation to climate change reflects a shift from water to energy limitation. 
No recalcitrant material in a warming world – Loss of plant-derived and pyrogenic polymers in subsoils after 4.5 years of whole-soil warming
Authors: Zosso Cyrill , Ofiti Nicholas O.E. , Torn Margaret S. , Wiesenberg Guido L.B. , Schmidt Michael W.I.
Published: March 2022

Soil organic carbon accounts for 2-3 times the amount of carbon (1500-2400 GtC) as compared to the atmosphere, making it an important component of the global carbon cycle. Global warming will also increase soil temperature over the whole soil profiles. As warming experiments to date often focused on topsoils (0-20 cm depth), it is largely unknown how subsoil organic carbon (OC) will be affected by warming, despite the large share of OC stored in subsoils (50% of total soil OC). Furthermore, it remains contentious how temperature sensitive various functional carbon pools are. For example, plant-derived and pyrogenic polymers sometimes have a longer turn-over time as compared to bulk SOC, but could be more sensitive to decomposition under warming.

The whole-soil warming experiment is located in a temperate forest in the Sierra Nevada, CA, US. Soils were warmed by +4°C to 1 m depth with heating rods, maintaining the natural temperature gradient and seasonality. We analyzed plant-derived hydrolysable lipids and the pyrogenic polymers, benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCA), to better understand the degradation of soil OC and the mentioned polymers.

Our results after 4.5 years of +4°C whole soil warming highlight the vulnerability of even complex plant-derived and pyrogenic polymers in subsoil to warming. Both plant-derived (-27.7±3.3%) and pyrogenic polymers (-37.2±7.9%) were less abundant in subsoils of warmed as compared to control plots, whereas concentrations in topsoils were not affected by warming. These observations underline that in a warming world, previously stable polymeric carbon might be quickly degraded and released to the atmosphere. At the study site, primarily free particulate organic matter was lost, thus the polymeric carbon was potentially part of this unprotected fraction. Taken together, our results underline the importance of studying the effect of soil warming over whole soil profiles. The loss of plant-derived and pyrogenic polymers from warmed subsoils indicates that these compounds are not inherently stable but also prone to degradation in these carbon-limited subsoils with global warming. Our findings contradict the proposed use of plant-derived polymers and pyrogenic carbon for long-term carbon sequestration.
Evolution of vegetation during the Cenozoic simulated by different land surface models
Authors: Tardif Delphine , Sepulchre Pierre , Condamine Fabien , Couvreur Thomas
Published: March 2022

Paleogeographic change is a major forcing of climate on long (multi-million years) time scales. In response to these changes, the vegetation cover can show drastic variations, due to topographic changes, or global climate modification for example. For the Cenozoic, however, the fossil record available to estimate the evolution of the vegetation cover is highly heterogenous and remains fragmentary in some regions. Moreover, although climate models are increasingly associated with elaborated land surface models, it remains difficult to estimate the accuracy of the results and compare the numerical results with data.

Here we take advantage of several available paleoclimate simulations obtained using the IPSL-CM5A2 land system model. They include the state of the art of current knowledge on the evolution of land-sea distribution and topography, and span the whole Cenozoic. Alternative paleogeographies are also tested, to clarify the impact of a particular region on climate, especially when no consensus exists on some regions. The impact of different scenarios for the incipient Tibetan Plateau in the Eocene, and for the orographic evolution of eastern Africa and Mongolia in the Miocene, are explored. We compare the response of the vegetation cover simulated with the ORCHIDEE land surface model with the biomes simulated using the BIOME4 model. The results obtained with these two models are evaluated by comparing them to data from regions diplaying the most complete fossil record. The concept of paleo-biome is discussed and suggestions for improvement are presented.
Statistical Study and Corresponding Evolution of Plasmaspheric Plumes under Different Levels of Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Li Haimeng
Published: March 2022

Using observations of Van Allen Probes, we present a statistical study of plasmaspheric plumes in the inner magnetosphere. Plasmaspheric plumes tend to occur during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms. Furthermore, the results imply that the occurrence rate of observed plasmaspheric plume in the inner magnetosphere is larger during stronger geomagnetic activity. This statistical result is different from the observations of the Cluster satellite with much higher L-shells in most orbital period, which suggest that the plasmaspheric plume near the magnetopause tends to be observed during moderate geomagnetic activity (Lee et al., 2016). In the following, the dynamic evolutions of plasmaspheric plumes during a moderate geomagnetic storm in February 2013 and a strong geomagnetic storm in May 2013 are simulated through group test particle simulation. It is obvious that the plasmaspheric particles drift out on open convection paths due to sunward convection during both geomagnetic storms. It seems that the outer plasmaspheric particles exhaust sooner and the plasmasphere shrinks faster during strong geomagnetic storms. As a result, the longitudinal width of the plume is narrower and the plume is limited to lower L-shells during the recovery phase of strong geomagnetic storm. The simulated evolutions may provide a possible interpretation for the occurrence rates: Van Allen Probes tend to observe plumes during stronger geomagnetic storms, and the Cluster satellite with higher L-shells tends to observe plumes during moderate geomagnetic storms. 
Equality of opportunities in geosciences: The EGU Awards Committee experience
Authors: Blunier Thomas
Published: March 2022

EGU, the European Geosciences Union, is Europe’s premier geosciences union, dedicated to the pursuit of excellence in the Earth, planetary, and space sciences for the benefit of humanity, worldwide. Every year, the EGU awards and medals programme recognises eminent scientists for their outstanding research contribution in the Earth, planetary and space sciences. In addition, it identifies the awardees as role models for the next generation of early career scientists to foster geoscience research.

Nominations for all the medals and awards are submitted every year online by 15 June by the members of the EGU scientific community. Any person can be nominated except the EGU president, vice-president council members (not including ex- officio members) and chairs of the EGU committees. The EGU Council, the medal and award committees’ members and the Union and division officers are committed to soliciting nominations of deserving individuals by avoiding conflicts of interest. Each EGU medal or award is selected through a rigorous assessment of the candidates and their merits through the respective committee. The procedures for nomination, selection of candidates and the time schedule are described in detail on EGU websites.

It is a strict necessity when recognizing scientific excellence by any scientific association providing equal opportunities and ensuring balance. The processes and procedures that lead to the recognition of excellence has to be transparent and free of gender biases. However, establishment of clear and transparent evaluation criteria and performance metrics in order to provide equal opportunities to researchers across gender, continents and ethnic groups can be challenging since the definition of scientific excellence is often elusive.

This presentation aims to present the experience and the efforts of the European Geosciences Union to ensure equal opportunities. Data and statistics will be presented in the attempt to provide constructive indications to get to the target of giving equal opportunities to researchers across gender, continents and ethnic groups.
Fractionation of mercury stable isotopes in lichens over a period of one year
Authors: Božič Dominik , Živković Igor , Kotnik Jože , Jagodic Hudobivnik Marta , Mazej Darja , Štrok Marko , Horvat Milena
Published: March 2022

Biomonitoring of mercury (Hg) in the air using transplanted and in-situ lichens were studied at three locations in Slovenia: 1) the former Hg mine Idrija, with known Hg contamination; 2) vicinity of a Hg point source of pollution near the cement production plant in Anhovo, and 3) a noncontaminated reference site at Pokljuka. Total Hg concentrations and Hg isotopic composition were measured. Lichens were transplanted from Pokljuka, exposed at different sites in three locations and sampled four times, once per season. Lichens were exposed under tree branches, on fences and also under cover, allowing them different exposure to natural light. Additionally, the in situ lichens were sampled at the beginning and the end of the one year sampling period. As expected, the trend of concentrations in transplanted lichens increased over time, especially in the area of Idrija, and significantly less in the area of Anhovo, which is consistent with previous research. Significant mass dependent fractionation has been observed in transplanted lichens. δ202Hg changed from winter to summer from -2.5 to -0.5 ‰ and dropped again to -2.5 in autumn/winter of the following year. The most likely mechanism for this is Hg reduction (biotic or abiotic) and / or Hg evaporation in summer due to elevated temperatures, leaving heavier isotopes on the lichen thalli. The in situ lichens that were sampled one year apart show no major changes in isotopic composition. Such a trend has been observed in all of the samples apart from the ones from the most polluted Idrija sampling site directly above the former smelting plant. This is probably due to the new Hg constantly being deposited to the lichen with local isotopic fingerprint. Small mass independent fractionation was observed, likely due to photo-reduction as was concluded in similar foliage studies, but no trends in its change over time were seen.
How nonlinearities of the equation of state of seawater generate the polar halocline and promote sea ice formation
Authors: Roquet Fabien , Ferreira David , Caneill Romain , Madec Gurvan
Published: March 2022

The equation of state of seawater determines how density varies with temperature and salinity. Although it has long been known that the equation of state is nonlinear, there seems to be an overall feeling in the physical oceanography community that associated effects might be secondary in importance. This can be seen for example from the fact that most current theories of the large-scale circulation pre-assume a linear equation of state. Yet we contend here that these nonlinearities are responsible for the main transition in mixed layer properties observed in the World Ocean, the one separating so-called alpha regions (stratified by temperature) and beta regions (stratified by salinity). Beta regions are characterized by a halocline shielding surface cold waters from the influence of warmer deep waters, a condition for sea ice to form in polar region. Through numerical experiments where different equations of state are tested, we show that nonlinear effects of the equation of state: 1) strongly modulate surface buoyancy forcings, especially in mid- to high-latitudes, 2) generate the polar halocline by reducing there the influence of temperature on density, and consequently 3) enables sea ice formation in polar regions. The main nonlinear effect comes from the fact that the thermal expansion coefficient reduces to nearly zero at the freezing point, decreasing drastically the influence of surface cooling on the polar stratification. Other nonlinear effects, such as cabbeling or thermobaricity, are found of lesser importance although they have historically been the focus of intense research.
A Bayesian Framework for Anthropogenic Attribution of Sea Level Rise Contributions from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Bradley Alexander T.
Published: March 2022

Satellite observations show rapid retreat of many outlet glaciers in West Antarctica, corresponding to a significant proportion of the contributions to global sea level rise in recent years. These changes have not been formally attributed to anthropogenic climate change, primarily because of the potential for positive feedbacks on ice sheet mass loss, which may have been triggered even within the limits of natural variability. This naturally leads to the attribution question: “how much more (or less) likely have anthropogenic changes made a specified contribution to sea level rise?” In this talk, I shall describe a Bayesian framework to address this question, which uses ensembles of many simulations with independent realizations of ice-sheet forcing with, and without, anthropogenic changes. Enhanced melting of ice shelves is thought to be the key forcing contribution responsible for recent retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet; we include a consideration of the accuracy of melt rates in this framework by updating our prediction of sea level rise according to the agreement between the parametrized melt rate in the simulations and the output from a numerical ocean circulation model, at various time points. Experiments in an idealized setup point elucidate the dependence on the forcing timescale in the changes in likelihood of various contributions and demonstrate the feasibility of attribution studies for the Antarctic ice sheet.
The response of greenhouse gas fluxes and nutrient filtration potential to increases in temperature and nutrient loading from salt marsh soils across a climatic gradient
Authors: Comer-Warner Sophie , Ullah Sami , Stagg Camille , Quirk Tracy , Swarzenski Christopher , Bulseco Ashley , Chmura Gail
Published: March 2022

Salt marshes sequester large amounts of “blue carbon” helping to mitigate climate change. This negative climate feedback, however, may be partially offset by increases in emissions of the potent greenhouse gases (GHGs) CH4 and N2O from marsh soils, which some studies have shown to vary with temperature, nutrient availability and vegetation zones. Additionally, these ecosystems may have the capacity to remove reactive nitrogen potentially reducing nutrient pollution in coastal zones. Salt marshes of the northern Northwest Atlantic are typically vegetated by Spartina alterniflora at the lowermost elevations and Spartina patens at higher elevations. On the Mississippi Delta, in the northern Gulf of Mexico, Spartina alterniflora is typically found in the most saline marshes, whereas Spartina patens is found at slightly lower salinities. We evaluated the response of GHG production and denitrification to elevated temperature and nutrients through laboratory incubations of intact soil cores. Cores were collected from Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora zones in the St. Lawrence River estuary, Quebec and in the Barataria-Terrebonne Basin, Louisiana, areas with distinctly different climates. We used 15N-NO3- and 15N-NH4+ tracers to partition the sources of N2O produced by denitrification and nitrification, respectively,  as well as total N2 production by denitrification using the 15N-GAS Flux method. We also measured potential fluxes of CH4, N2O and CO2. Incubation experiments were performed under ambient conditions and with elevated temperature and nutrient conditions. Different environmental conditions between vegetation zones and climatic regions are expected to result in different fluxes of CH4 and N2O, and rates of denitrification. Elevated temperature and nutrients are expected to increase GHG fluxes, however, it is unclear how net N2 production, as a remedy for nitrate attenuation in marshes, will respond. Our aim is to increase our understanding of the impact of increased temperature and nitrogen loading on nitrogen removal capacity and the GHG climate feedback in different vegetation zones of salt marshes of two climatic regions.
Glaciers and ice caps under climate change since the Little Ice Age
Authors: Carrivick Jonathan , Yde Jacob , Andreassen Liss , James William , Sutherland Jenna , Lee Ethan , Quincey Duncan , Boston Clare , Grimes Michael
Published: March 2022

Mountain glaciers and ice caps are undergoing rapid mass loss but rates of contemporary change lack long-term (centennial-scale) context. Future projections of glacier changes require spin up to present day conditions and thus baseline ice extents and ice volumes are a prerequisite for model validation. Here, we reconstruct the Little Ice Age maximum glacier extent and ice surface of Jostedalsbreen, which is the largest ice mass in mainland Europe. Jostedalsbreen had its largest Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum about 1740 to 1860. The LIA ice-covered area was 568 km2 and the LIA ice volume was between 61 km3 and 91 km3. We show that the major outlet glaciers have lost at least 110 km2 or 19 % of their LIA area and 14 km3 or 18 % of their LIA volume until 2006. The largest proportional changes are associated with the loss of ice falls and consequent disconnection of tributaries. Glacier-specific hypsometry changes suggest a mean rise in ELA of 135 m but there is wide inter-glacier variability. A median date for the LIA of 1755 suggests that the long-term rate of ice mass loss has been 0.05 m w.e. a-1. Comparison of that long-term rate of mass loss with our other published analyses of changes to mountain glaciers and ice caps since the LIA shows that Jostedalsbreen is unusual in not exhibiting an acceleration in mass loss since the LIA. Indeed, we have reported a 23 % acceleration of glacier mass loss in NE Greenland and a doubling for the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Others have reported a doubling of the rate of mass loss for the Vatnajökull ice cap and for Patagonia since the LIA. We have very recently reported a ten-fold increase for ~ 15,000 glaciers across the Himalaya. A synthesis of these long-term analyses reveals a latitudinal effect, regional climate effects and local controls on long-term glacier mass balance. For example, local rates of loss across the Himalaya were enhanced with the presence of surface debris cover (by 2 times vs clean-ice) and/or a proglacial lake (by 2.5 times vs land-terminating). Overall, we highlight the utility of geomorphological-based reconstructions of glaciers for understanding and quantifying long-term (centennial-scale) responses of mountain glaciers and ice caps to climate and hence for understanding of meltwater production and proglacial landscape evolution.
Decomposing the Dynamics of the Lorenz 1963 model using Unstable Periodic Orbits: Averages, Transitions, and Quasi-Invariant Sets
Authors: Maiocchi Chiara Cecilia , Lucarini Valerio , Gritsun Andrey
Published: March 2022

Unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) are a valuable tool for studying chaotic dynamical systems, as they allow one to distill their dynamical structure. We consider here the Lorenz 1963 model with the classic parameters' value. We investigate how a chaotic orbit can be approximated using a complete set of UPOs up to symbolic dynamics' period 14. At each instant, we rank the UPOs according to their proximity to the position of the orbit in the phase space. We study this process from two different perspectives. First, we find that longer period UPOs overwhelmingly provide the best local approximation to the trajectory. Second, we construct a finite-state Markov chain by studying the scattering of the orbit between the neighbourhood of the various UPOs. Each UPO and its neighbourhood are taken as a possible state of the system. Through the analysis of the subdominant eigenvectors of the corresponding stochastic matrix we provide a different interpretation of the mixing processes occurring in the system by taking advantage of the concept of quasi-invariant sets.
DEM quality assessment and improvement in noise quantification for geomorphic application in steep mountainous terrain
Authors: Purinton Benjamin , Bookhagen Bodo
Published: March 2022

Spaceborne digital elevation models (DEMs) are fundamental data for mapping and analyzing geomorphic features at regional and continental scale, but are limited by both their spatial resolution and accuracy. Typically, accuracy is measured using point- or profile-based geodetic measurements (e.g., sparse GNSS). We develop new methods to quantify the vertical uncertainty in spaceborne DEMs relevant to geomorphic analysis, focusing on the pixel-to-pixel variability internal to a given DEM, which we term the inter-pixel consistency. Importantly, the methods we develop are not based on external, geodetic measurements. Our codes are published open-source (https://github.com/UP-RS-ESP/DEM-Consistency-Metrics), and we particularly highlight a novel sun-angle rotation and hillshade-filtering approach that is based on the visual, qualitative assessment of DEM hillshades. Since our study area is in the arid Central Andes and contains diverse steep (volcano) and flat (salar) features, the environment is ideal for vegetation-free assessments of DEM quality across a range of topographic settings. We compare global 1 arcsec (~30 m) resolution DEMs (SRTM, ASTER, ALOS, TanDEM-X, Copernicus), and find high quality (high inter-pixel consistency) of the newest Copernicus DEM. At higher spatial resolution, we also seek to improve the stereo-processing of 3 m SPOT6 optical DEMs using the open-source AMES Stereo-Pipeline. This includes optimizing key parameters and processing steps, as well as developing metrics for DEM uncertainty masks based on the underlying image texture of the optical satellite scenes used to triangulate elevations. Although higher resolution spaceborne DEMs like SPOT6 are only available for limited spatial areas (depending on funds and processing power), the improvement in geomorphic feature identification and quantification at the hillslope scale is significant compared to 30 m datasets. Improved DEM quality metrics provide useful constraints on hazard assessment and geomorphic analysis for the Earth and other planetary bodies.
Modelling nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soil incubation experiments using CoupModel 
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Wenxin , Jansson Per-Erik , Petersen Søren O.
Published: March 2022

To develop good mitigation strategies, estimates of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soils are needed. Process-based biogeochemical models have been used for such estimation but those have mainly been tested on field scaled measurement. Here we will explore how experimentally laboratory measurements can be used to to improve future model use. Based on a series of 43 days incubation experiments and a process model (CoupModel), we assessed the model’s sensitivity and uncertainty in estimating N2O fluxes, CO2 fluxes and soil mineral N. Our results suggested that the most sensitive parameters to N2O flux estimates were related to the decomposibility of soil organic matter and related links to the denitrification processes. The model showed better performance in simulating low-magnitude daily and cumulative N2O fluxes but a tendency to underestimate the fluxes as observed values increased. Residual analysis indicated that nitrification rate could be underestimated but did not sufficiently explain the model deviations. We also evaluated ancillary variables regarding N cycling, which indicates that additional types of observed data including soil oxygen concentrations and the sources of emitted N2O, are required to evaluate model performance and possible biases. The modeled response to abiotic factors (e.g. soil moisture) did not reflect the measured values using consistent parameter sets, limiting the model application under constantly changing environmental conditions in reality. To conclude, the restricted description of N cycling process in the model may not be able to consistently simulate the denitrification and nitrification processes behind N2O emissions and limits the extension of models beyond calibration. This calls for more frequent and more aspects of measurements in future experimental design for model evaluation and development. For the development of process models including CoupModel, there is a need to address crucial missing processes including solute diffusion and microscale heterogeneity, revisit current subrountines of moisture response functions and denitrifier growth dynamics, and report more aspects of simulated outputs for prediction and model.
Characterisation and Historical Quarries Location of Marbles from Guarrazar Archaeological Site (Toledo, Spain).
Authors: Freire-Lista David , Santos Jose Francisco , Lopes Luis
Published: March 2022

Marbles have been used for the beautification of cities, temples and palaces throughout history. These building stones are compositionally analogue but show differences in texture and colour that can be associated with some petrographic and petrophysical properties, which makes possible to identify their origin.

A variety of building marbles from Guarrazar archaeological site (Toledo, Spain) was investigated. This site was a monastic-palatial complex linked to the Spanish Visigoth kings. It is archaeologically significant because Guarrazar's treasure, composed of gold votive crowns and crosses of the 7th century, were found in this site and are preserved in the National Archaeological Museum of Spain, in the Armory of the Royal Palace of Madrid and in the Cluny Museum of Paris, France.

The marbles were characterised petrographically, with polarisation optical microscopy; mineralogically with XRD; petrophysically with ultrasound pulse velocity, Hg intrusion porosity and colour measurements and chemically with isotopic analysis, which is carried out by mass spectrometry. All these analyses were carried out to locate the historical quarries of the marbles used in the basilica of the Guarrazar archaeological site.

Most of the analysed samples were reused marbles from Roman structures. The calcitic marbles are white and pinkish, and some of them have an irregular distribution of small greyish veins. They are medium grained, showing grain sizes from 103 μm up to 1.75 mm, and an average value of 423 μm. Mercury intrusion porosity ranges between 0.77 and 0.42 %. The main type of marbles comes from Estremoz Anticline, Ossa-Morena Zone (Southern Branch of the European Variscides in Portugal), distant approximately 300 km from the site. This 40 km NW–SE structure has been mined intensively since the Roman Period.

Estremoz marble is designated as Global Heritage Stone Resource (GHSR) by Heritage Stones Subcommission of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) . This designation seeks international recognition of those natural stone resources that have achieved widespread utilization in human culture.

 