bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Asymmetry in the Motor Performances of Women: Neuropsychological Effects of Depression
Authors: Crews W. David , Harrison David W.
Published: August 2011

The influence of depression on the cerebral hemispheric motor functioning of 40 right-handed women, half of whom had been classified as depressed, the other half as nondepressed, was examined. The depressed women were also characterized by elevated state and trait anxiety, suggestive of an anxious-depressive state with heightened arousal. A hand dynamometer was used as a standardized measure of hemispheric motor functioning such as hand-grip strength, perseveration, and fatigue. Primary findings indicated that depressed women displayed significantly less perseveration at the left hand than did nondepressed women, but a nonsignificant trend only was noted for less perseveration at the right hand. These results suggest possible differential arousal of the left and right cerebral hemispheres in this sample of anxious-depressed women and are discussed in terms of arousal theory.
Use of the Draw-a-Person with Conduct-Disordered Children
Authors: Feyh Janelle M. , Holmes Cooper B.
Published: August 2011

The Draw-A-Person test was administered to 40 conduct-disordered and 40 nonconduct-disordered children and adolescents. There were 20 boys and 20 girls, ages 10 to 16 years, in each group. Two independent judges rated the drawings for presence or absence of indicators of aggressiveness that should accompany a conduct disorder, but no significant differences were found between groups or sexes.
Personality and Classroom Seating
Authors: Pedersen Darhl M.
Published: August 2011

The prediction of actual selected seating location in a classroom from some personality characteristics of students was examined. 34 women and 16 men, enrolled in an undergraduate psychology class, were studied. Seat location in a traditional rectangular classroom was designated by depth as front, middle, and back. Personality traits were measured by the 18 scales of the California Psychological Inventory. A discriminant function analysis was used to identify personality variables related to classroom seat selection. Two discriminant functions were identified which led to 88% correct classification. The first one (discriminated between those sitting in the middle and the front) showed that those sitting in the middle exhibited adaptive personal and social behaviors, personal intellectual achievement, and responsiveness to the inner states of others. The second function (discriminated between front and back) suggested that students at the front tended to be externally oriented, controlling of self and others, accepting of self and others, and relatively intelligent.
Do How-to-Commit-Suicide Manuals Increase the Suicide Rate?
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Although a “how-to” manual recommending medications for committing suicide has been available in Germany since 1980, rates of suicide by medication have been declining in Germany since 1977.
Reliability and Accuracy of Culture-Level Judgements of Personal Values
Authors: Allen Michael W.
Published: August 2011

In an investigation into the interrater reliability and accuracy of culture-level judgements of personal values, 289 undergraduates made reliable but not accurate estimations.
Interrelation between Stress and Coaches' Behavior during Rest Periods
Authors: Kellmann Michael , Kallus Konrad W.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the interrelation between stress and coaches' behavior during rest periods. Subjects were 154 German coaches who completed the Rest Period Questionnaire and a Bibliographic Questionnaire for Coaches designed to attribute stress to coaches' behavior during rest periods. Analysis indicated that coaches who are highly stressed by the practice rate themselves significantly less active and less authoritarian during rest periods than do their low stressed colleagues. In addition, coaches who are highly stressed by the competition rate themselves significantly less warm-hearted than the low stressed group.
Using MYSTAT to Analyze Simple Main Effects in Analysis of Variance
Authors: Hudiburg Richard A.
Published: August 2011

Research designs with two factors having a significant interaction effect are analyzed for simple main effects using MYSTAT. The coding used performs a series of one-way analyses of variance for each main-effect factor at only one level of the second factor.
Hedonic Ratings of Odors as a Function of Odor Sequence in Older Adults
Authors: Madigan Nancy K. , Ehrlichman Howard , Borod Joan C.
Published: August 2011

Pleasant and unpleasant odors were presented to 20 subjects in two same-valence blocks, i.e., all pleasant ones first, all unpleasant ones second, or vice versa, and in alternation. Hedonic ratings increased for the second block of odors which followed the first block of oppositely valenced odors. Alternation did not appear to affect hedonic ratings. These findings suggest that presentation of odors can alter hedonic ratings, producing a contrast effect when odors are given in a blocked fashion.
The Motor Activity Anxiety Test
Authors: Bortoli Laura , Robazza Claudio
Published: August 2011

Feelings and perceptions of insecurity, anxiety, and danger can hinder motor learning and performance. The Motor Activity Anxiety Test is proposed to assess personal attitude to meet typical motor requirements for physical education in schools and anxiety about the physical dangers linked to motor activities in particular. The test is composed of 16 pictures and has been given to 1110 subjects ranging from 11 to 19 years of age. The test has good reliability and discriminative power. Previous research shows correlation between test scores and those on other psychological and motor tests. It is easy to complete in about 5 minutes. Teachers can use the information about their pupils to plan adequate strategies and help subjects overcome inhibitions and difficulties. Influences of gender, age, and experience on pupils' attitudes toward potentially dangerous sports and motor tasks might be studied through research.
The Influence of Cognitive Style upon Work Environment Preferences
Authors: Wooten Kevin C , Barner Bjorn O. , Silver N. Clayton
Published: August 2011

Previous research has shown that those who differ in cognitive style differ in job satisfaction, leadership, and perceptions of task characteristics. The present study investigated how those who differ in cognitive style differ in their preferences for various work environments. The Group Embedded Figures Test and the Work Environment Scale-Form I were administered to 376 undergraduates. Analyses indicated that cognitive style was significantly associated with over-all climate perceptions as well as perceptions of autonomy, involvement, and innovation. The results suggest that those who are field-independent prefer autonomous, involving, and innovative work settings.
An Alternative Measure of the Frequency of Suicide and Homicide and its Social Correlates
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

The social correlates of suicides and of all deaths and homicides as a percentage of all deaths over the states of America in 1980 were similar ro those for official suicide and homicide rates.
Ball Color, Eye Color, and a Reactive Motor Skill
Authors: Rowe P. Joanne , Evans Philip
Published: August 2011

Researchers investigating performance differences between light- and dark-eyed individuals have indicated that dark-eyed individuals perform better on reactive activities than light-eyed individuals. College students (61 men, 64 women) performed a forehand rally with different colored racquetballs. Eye color, sex, and total hits were recorded for each subject. Men scored significantly better with balls of each color than did women. Dark-eyed men performed better than other subjects and performance was better with blue balls than yellow or green balls.
Effects of Speaker's Immediacy on Receivers' Information Processing
Authors: Buhr Thomas A. , Clifton Tara L. , Pryor Burt
Published: August 2011

The experiment examined the effects of a speaker's immediacy on receivers' perceptions of the speaker's credibility, likability, attractiveness, and similarity. A female speaker delivered a 3 1/2-min. message to 71 undergraduate subjects, with immediacy manipulated across two levels. Analysis yielded positive relationships between the speaker's immediacy and the perceptions of likability, similarity, competence, and trustworthiness. An analysis of cognitive responses indicated that the speaker's immediacy affected receivers' information processing by increasing the incidence of positive and neutral thoughts and decreasing negative thoughts about the speech and speaker.
Figural Characteristics Associated with Random Appearance of Dot Patterns
Authors: Tone Tatsuo
Published: August 2011

43 subjects judged the amount of visual randomness of dot patterns in two experiments. The properties of stimuli were changed from Exp. 1 to Exp. 2, but the common characteristics associated with visual randomness were found.
Efficacy of Part- and Full-Time Early Intervention
Authors: Dihoff Roberta E. , McEwan Margaret , Farrelly Margaret , Brosvic Gary M. , Carpenter Lara , Anderson Judith , Kafer Loreen B. , Rizzuto Gloria E. , Bloszinsky Scott
Published: August 2011

The effectiveness of an early intervention program to remediate developmental delays in children age birth to 3 years was examined in part- and full-time groups (Study 1). Significant improvements on age-appropriate measures of developmental standing were observed for both groups, with the greatest gains observed for the full-time group. In Study 2, the stress of parents with developmentally delayed children was measured on the Parental Stress Inventory. Reductions in stress related to children's characteristics and dysfunctional parenting skills were observed on some sub-scales, supporting prior research which indicated extension of the outcomes of early intervention beyond the child was desirable.
Reductio Ad Absurdum: A Formal Analysis of Rorschach Autisms
Authors: Wagner Edwin E.
Published: August 2011

Generalizing from the rationales underlying the scoring of the three types of Rorschach autisms included in the TRAUT system, it was shown that all perceptual autisms can be subsumed under a single, all-encompassing principle based upon a reductio ad absurdum argument. Therefore, in a way, autisms can be viewed as “cheating,” i.e., getting around the explicit and implicit rules governing the evaluation of Rorschach percepts.
Body Awareness and Yoga Training
Authors: Rani N. Jhansi , Rao P. V. Krishna
Published: August 2011

This study was done to investigate whether the practice of hatha yoga enhances the awareness of the normal, nonemotive bodily processes. A yoga-trained group of 17 and a control group of 19 were administered the Body Awareness Questionnaire. Analysis showed that the yoga-trained group had a significantly better body awareness than the control group.
Anchoring and Grammar Effects in Judgments of Sentence Acceptability
Authors: Cowart Wayne
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relation between anchoring effects, as demonstrated in 1992 by Nagata, and grammar-based effects in judgments of sentence acceptability. 35 subjects judged the acceptability of target sentences representing six different syntactic types. There were highly robust differences among these sentence types arising from differences in sentence structure. For one group of subjects the target sentences were mingled with a long list of highly acceptable sentences (High Anchor Set). A second group saw the same target sentences with an Anchor Set in which one-third of the sentences were of very low acceptability (Mixed Anchor Set). Target sentences seen in the context of the Mixed Anchor Set were judged more acceptable (an anchoring effect); however, the effect of Anchor Set did not interact with other factors. The relative acceptability of the six target types was unchanged in the two anchor conditions. Implications for the psychological theory of sentence judgments are considered. In particular, it is argued that anchoring effects do not arise in the cognitive mechanisms that evaluate sentence structure.
Are “Presences” Preferentially Felt along the Left Side of One's Body?
Authors: Brugger Peter
Published: August 2011

The “feeling of a presence” is the distinct awareness of the physical presence of somebody in the near extracorporeal space. Although fairly frequently confined to one side of the body, systematic documentation of the lateralization of the phenomenon has not yet been attempted. A brief tabular summary of 11 cases of the unilateral feeling of a presence in association with focal brain pathology (seven left-hemisphere lesions, four right-hemisphere lesions) shows lateralization to the left in five, to the right in six cases. The data, together with the scattered reports of unilaterally felt presences in patients with nonfocal brain pathology and in healthy individuals, do not support claims that the left hemispace is the preferred location. Any models of hemispheric specialization in the sense of self which are derived from observations of felt presences remain speculative. Nevertheless, clinicians are encouraged to document carefully all the unilateral aspects of the feeling of a presence as well as of other reduplicative phenomena involving the self.
Numerosity Estimation and Age
Authors: Ginsburg N.
Published: August 2011

A significant positive relationship was found between numerosity estimation and age.
Predicting Risk-Reducing Occupational AIDS Behaviors in a Sample of Emergency Medical Personnel
Authors: Cooper Jamie S. , Zagumny Matthew J.
Published: August 2011

Increase of AIDS precautionary occupational behaviors of 46 emergency medical personnel was significantly predicted by subjects' concern about becoming HIV-infected but not by their HIV/AIDS knowledge.
Objective Analysis of Text: I. A Comparison of Adventure and Romance Novels
Authors: Whissell Cynthia
Published: August 2011

Objective text analysis was performed to compare emotional tone and word usage for 10 romance and 10 adventure novels. Romance novels were more pleasant in emotional tone, they employed more widely used words, and they had more instances of repeated words. There were no significant differences between adventures and romances for word frequency and word activation. The overlap between categories of novels is noted, and the importance of differences among novels in the same category is mentioned and exemplified.
What's Causing the Pain?: A Re-Examination of the Aikido Nikyo Technique
Authors: Olson Gregory D. , Seitz Frank C.
Published: August 2011

Recently there have been several investigations into the etiology of the pain produced on the application of Aikido's Nikyo (Second-teaching). This paper analyzes several conclusions as to the discrepancies found in the results of these studies.
Analysis of Eyeblink Activity during Discriminative Tasks
Authors: Fukuda Kyosuke
Published: August 2011

To evaluate the blinking pattern during and after cognitive processing, 10 subjects' eyeblinks were recorded by a videotape recording camera placed 100 cm from the subjects' side. The subjects' task was to discriminate two kinds of auditory tones presented serially and to discriminate two kinds of visual stimuli presented serially. Treatments were composed of the baseline condition preexperiment, the visual task with no discrimination, the visual discriminative task, the auditory task with no discrimination, and the auditory discriminative task. The blink rate in each treatment, the temporal distribution of blinks poststimulus, and the blink waveform were evaluated. Although blinks were not inhibited during tasks, frequent blinks after tasks were observed in both modalities. Blinks concentrated between 300 msec. and 800 msec. after the discriminated stimulus and formulated the blink-rate peak. The closing velocity of lid in the blink rate peak was lower after auditory stimulus. Moreover, the lid's opening velocity after the auditory discrimination was higher. These results indicated that the eyelid closed slowly and opened quickly after the auditory discriminative stimulus.
Insufficiency of Product-Moment Correlation for Factor Analysis of Bipolar Measurements
Authors: Tzeng Oliver C. S.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the problems in using product-moment correlations for the 2 general functions of factor analysis, identification (or verification) and use of psychological constructs embedded in bipolar ratings. For illustration, a set of fictitious semantic differential ratings, with known structural similarities and differences between concept profiles, were factored. The results were assessed against 12 criteria for evaluation derived from simultaneous considerations of issues in statistics, measurement, and psychosemantics. It was concluded that solutions from factor analysis of r coefficients do not identify or verify underlying attributional relationships among concepts implicit in subjects' cognitive processes and manifest in ratings. An alternative index, Beta Coefficient, was then used to illustrate its advantage in analysis of the hypothetical bipolar ratings. Implications of the present study are discussed.
Gender Differences in Prejudice
Authors: Hoxter A. Lee , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In three samples of white college students ( ns = 59, 72, and 206) women showed less ethnic prejudice than men on a social-distance measure for greater social distance (friendship and living in the neighborhood) but not for less social distance (marriage).
Cerebral Asymmetry in Facial Affect Perception by Women: Neuropsychological Effects of Depressed Mood
Authors: Crews W. David , Harrison David W.
Published: August 2011

40 right-handed women, half of whom had been classified with depressed mood and the other half as nondepressed, participated in a tachistoscopic study of the influence of depressed mood on the cerebral hemispheric processing of Ekman and Friesen's 1976 happy, sad, and neutral emotional faces using a forced-choice reaction-time paradigm with only happy and sad alternatives as response manipulanda. The women with depressed mood were also characterized by elevated scores on both state and trait anxiety, suggestive of an anxious-depressive state with heightened arousal. Primary findings for the tachistoscopic data indicated that women with depressed mood as compared to nondepressed women displayed significantly faster reaction times to sad faces presented in the right visual field and happy faces presented in the left visual field. These results are suggestive of differential arousal of both the left and right cerebral hemispheres in this sample of anxious-depressed women and are discussed in light of arousal theory.
WAIS Digit Symbol and Block Design Scores in Abstinent Alcoholics: A Replication
Authors: Saarnio Pekka K.
Published: August 2011

Previous work has indicated that alcoholics perform more poorly on the Finnish WAIS Block Design than on the Digit Symbol. The purpose of the present study was to replicate that result. A total of 75 Finnish alcoholic men took part. The same kind of asymmetry was found between the tests, scores on the Block Design being poorer than those on Digit Symbol.
Use of Individual Differences Questionnaire with Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Cullari Salvatore
Published: August 2011

Paivio's Individual Differences Questionnaire was given to 47 psychiatric inpatients. Their mean verbal and imagery scores were higher than those for Paivio and Harshman's 713 students. Also, the latter had higher verbal than imagery scores, while the psychiatric group had the opposite. Subjects with affective disorders had significantly higher mean scores on a subscale which measures vividness of dreams, daydreams, and imagination than other diagnostic groups.
Perceptual Collapse of Three-Dimensional Structure from Motion Parallax
Authors: Eby David W.
Published: August 2011

This study concerned how perceived depth collapses after asymptotic depth is reached and the information specifying depth is abruptly removed. The stimuli were random-dot, computer-generated three-dimensional objects and the depth information was motion parallax. Motion parallax was removed in two ways. In the first method, the depth of all object points was reassigned to zero, simulating a disk. In the second method, a rotation of the object was introduced in such a way that a degenerate case of motion parallax was produced. The results showed that judgments of depth slowly collapsed once motion parallax was removed. Over-all, judgments of depth required about the same duration to collapse as was required for the judgments to build up to asymptotic levels (about 750 msec.). Finally, depth collapsed more slowly when the motion parallax was removed by redefining the object as a disk than when removed using the other method.
Age-Related Changes in Natural and Fast Walking
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Okuzumi Hideyuki , Kobayashi Iwao , Murai Norio , Nakamura Takashi , Furuyama Kazuhiro , Shimizu Yuji
Published: August 2011

Age-related changes in the relation between natural and fast walking were investigated for 69 healthy women aged 21 to 88 years. The ratio (fast/natural) of both walking velocity and cadence declined significantly across age groups.
Factor Structure of the California Verbal Learning Test in Moderate and Severe Closed-Head Injury
Authors: Millis Scott R.
Published: August 2011

A factor analysis with principal components extraction and varimax rotation was performed on 19 California Verbal Learning Test age-uncorrected scores from a sample of 75 moderate and severe closed-head-injured patients. A 6-factor solution was obtained that accounted for 80% of the total variance and was similar to those reported previously. The factors were labeled General Verbal Learning, Response Discrimination, Learning Strategy, Proactive Effect, Self-monitoring, and Serial Position. Factor scores were derived and correlated with other neuropsychological measures. The General Verbal Learning factor scores were significantly correlated with those on measures of memory, complex attention, and strategy induction.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Satisfaction with Life Scale: Replication and Methodological Refinement
Authors: Lewis Christopher Alan , Bunting Brendan P. , Shevlin Mark E. , Joseph Stephen
Published: August 2011

A 1994 study by Shevlin and Bunting indicated the unidimensionality of the Satisfaction With Life Scale of Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffen and the use of a single-factor confirmatory model; however, due to a small sample their method or estimating procedure was limited. The aim of the present study was to replicate and extend the analysis of Shevlin and Bunting by examining the data from 213 college students. The data were successfully fitted to a single-factor confirmatory model using, first, polychoric correlations analysed with the maximum likelihood method, as used by Shevlin and Bunting, and, second, using polychoric correlations analysed by weighted least squares, as suggested by Jöreskog and Sörbom. These findings replicate and extend those of Shevlin and Bunting and further confirm the unidimensionality of the scale.
Affective Reactions to Failure as a Function of Effort and Depression
Authors: Beatty Susan , Hewitt Jay
Published: August 2011

University students, divided on a quartile split into low ( n = 53) and high ( n = 42) depression groups (Beck scores of 0–1 or 7 and higher), were presented a series of failure situations in which failure occurred under high effort (with situational factors causing failure) or low effort. Subjects rated their affective reactions to each situation. It was hypothesized that the group low on depression would feel worse after high effort (since this would challenge their sense of self-efficacy) whereas the high depression group would feel better in this condition (since attribution of failure to situational factors would protect their sense of self-esteem). Results were consistent with expectations for the group low on depression. For the group high on depression, the means were rank-ordered as predicted but the difference was not significant.
Causality, Linearity, and Circularity of Relations between Stressful Life Events and Pain Experience
Authors: De Mojà Carmelo A.
Published: August 2011

The aim of this paper is to point out a methodological problem found in the 1994 Naidoo and Pillay study on pain experience. The problem is that an equivocal interpretation of cause-and-effect relationships among variables can lead to testing of mistaken hypotheses in later researches.
Stressful Events and Psychological Symptoms in Patients with Functional Urinary Disorders
Authors: Baldoni Franco , Ercolani Mauro , Baldaro Bruno , Trombini Giancarlo
Published: August 2011

The relationship between micturition, stressful events, and psychological symptoms was studied in 58 female patients with functional micturition disorders (urethral syndrome) and 21 control patients. All received three questionnaires (Symptom Questionnaire, Illness Behavior Questionnaire, and the Biographic Questionnaire). Analysis highlighted the appearance of the urethral syndrome in highly stressful situations and the increase in the patient's anxiety, depression, dysphoria, hostility, and irritability. A tendency to complain of other psychophysiologic symptoms was also noted.
Strategies for Autoregulation of Peripheral Skin Temperature
Authors: van Quekelberghe Renaud
Published: August 2011

The present study examined different mental strategies for effective and rapid regulation of skin temperature in adjacent areas. In the main study, subjects ( N = 10) were asked to achieve mentally a maximal temperature difference between the right index and the right little fingers within 25 minutes. In a control group ( N = 10), possible effects of a temperature-influencing device (cold and warm water bags on the left hand) on the right index and little fingers were examined. Because results were impressive, a series of similar studies was conducted. The results demonstrate the efficacy of mental strategies for a differential thermoregulation of adjacent skin areas (between 1 and 3 cm). Possible explanations and implications are discussed.
An Extension of the Moi Formula
Authors: O'Brien Frank
Published: August 2011

The application of the Moi Formula is extended to cover integrable odd and even functions on (—∞, +∞).
Correlations of Hopelessness with Motivation and Personality Traits among Japanese School Children
Authors: Shiomi Kunio
Published: August 2011

Correlations for 628 children in Grades 2, 4, 5, and 6 of scores on hopelessness with measures of motivation for learning and personality traits were investigated. Hopelessness scores significantly correlated with lower scores on motivation. Also, hopelessness scores were significantly correlated with scores on personality traits of schizothymia, nervousness, and self-uncertainty.
Temporal Coupling between External Auditory Information and the Phases of Walking
Authors: Mauerberg Eliane , Adrian Marlene
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an imposed external auditory constraint upon the temporal organization of walking. Ten subjects were videotaped walking normally (N) and with instructions to couple naturally, at mid-swing, or at toe-off to a metronome beat. Based upon an analysis of variance and post hoc Scheffé tests most temporal variables were not significantly different among conditions. The duration of swing phase was significantly different between natural coupling and toe-off. The deviation from the metronome beat was significantly different between the natural coupling and both mid-swing and toe-off. Subjects generally were not successful in achieving coupling during the latter conditions. Thigh and shank phase portraits were used to describe the system's organization to the external constraint.
Sex Differences in Color Preferences among An Elderly Sample
Authors: Silver N. Clayton , Ferrante Rozan A
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the study was to assess differences in color preferences between the sexes. A sample of 193 retirees were asked to report their favorite colors. The pattern of frequencies for preferred color differed as a function of sex. Blue was chosen as the most preferred color by both sexes. Women preferred black and purple more than men did. Moreover, the men preferred red over pink, whereas the women preferred red and pink equally. The rank order of color preferences for this elderly group were very similar to the findings of Silver, et al. who sampled young adults in 1988.
Effects of Instruction on a Divided Visual-Field Task of Face Processing
Authors: Cormier Pierre , Jackson Tena
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the present study was to document that instruction effects can occur on tasks typically yielding left visual-field advantages In a lateralized face-recognition task, 40 right-handers (20 men, 20 women) had to memorize pairs of faces and to respond to a probe face displaying positive or negative emotion and presented for 100 msec. 3.8° on the left or right of a fixation cross. Half of the subjects had been instructed to learn the faces through a verbal strategy and the other half through an imagery strategy. Analysis of reaction times yielded significant complex interactions involving gender, coding instruction, visual field, and emotion for both Yes and No responses. A global left visual-field advantage was obtained in the analyses of accuracy and sensitivity data, but no significant effects were recorded in the analysis of decision rule. Thus, the instruction effects on left visual-field advantages were obtained through complex interactions on reaction times only. Further replication of these data would provide a more secure basis for causal interpretations.
Body Image and Social Attitude in Growth-Hormone-Deficient Adults
Authors: Riva Giuseppe , Molinari Enrico
Published: August 2011

This study was done to evaluate the perception of body image and psychosocial attitudes in a sample of 8 male adult subjects with growth-hormone deficit before and after six months of therapy. Before treatment the subjects tended to underestimate body size and were characterized by low self-esteem, a closed attitude towards social relationships, a pessimistic attitude with a tendency towards depression, and a strong sense of detachment from the outside world. After the treatment, even if the subjects continued to underestimate body size, we observed an improvement in terms of emotional control and well-being, accompanied by lower scores on anxiety. An integration of a psychological support in the GH therapy could help the patients to overcome problems of bodily and social acceptance.
A Method of Moments for Exponentials
Authors: O'Brien Frank , Hammel Sherry E. , Nguyen Chung T.
Published: August 2011

A methodological investigation is reported summarizing a substitution method for deriving probability density functions and moments for a class of exponential functions that could be useful to researchers in a variety of disciplines.
Mechanical Perturbation of Jaw Movements during Speech: Effects on Articulation and Phonation
Authors: Bauer Anne , Jäncke Lutz , Kalveram Karl Theodor
Published: August 2011

12 subjects uttered the testword /papapas/ repeatedly with three different speech rates and two stress patterns. On 17% randomly chosen trials, a mechanical load was applied unpredictably to the jaw in the direction of the opening movement. Load onset was triggered by the start of the first phonation. Analysis showed that the opening and closing displacements of the jaw movement in the first syllable were not influenced significantly by the perturbation. The load application prolonged the duration of the jaw movement in unstressed syllables but not in stressed syllables. Further, the mechanical perturbation of the jaw led to increased duration of phonation in unstressed syllables only, the effect for duration of phonation being greater at higher speech rates. These results demonstrate a coupling between articulation and phonation.
Validity and Reliability of a Mainstreaming Attitude Inventory for Child-Care Providers
Authors: Folsom-Meek Sherry L.
Published: August 2011

Preliminary estimates of reliability and validity for the Mainstreaming Attitude Inventory for Day Care Providers.
Relations of Oral Imagery to Thought Disorder in Subjects with Frequent Nightmares
Authors: Levin Ross , Masling Joseph
Published: August 2011

Oral imagery was examined in the Rorschach protocols of 60 female subjects, 30 who experienced at least one nightmare per week and 30 who had no more than one nightmare in the past year. Mean number of oral responses did not differ between the groups. In subjects with nightmares, Rorschach orality was significantly related to many personality measures, including state and trait anxiety, Beck Depression Inventory scores, five subscales of a schizotypy inventory, the Rorschach penetration score, and two measures of pathological thinking on the Rorschach. In the 30 subjects without nightmares, the number of significant correlations did not exceed that expected by chance. The results are discussed within the context of empirical and theoretical reports about the links between the oral personality and pathological behavior.
Effect of Task Demand and Stimulus Relevance on Preattentive Processing
Authors: Schweizer Karl
Published: August 2011

Evidence of cognitively controlled processes influencing preattentive processes is provided. In the first experiment, preattentive processing associated with a discrimination task was compared with that associated with a reaction task. An increase in processing time due to preattentive processes was only found for the discrimination task. In the second experiment, the effects of different amounts of stimulus relevance on preattentive processing were investigated. Stimulus relevance was varied by changing the spatial and temporal distance in cognitively controlled processing. The relevance of the stimulus was proportional to the amount of preattentive processing. It was concluded that the influence of cognitively controlled processing on preattentive processing is moderated by task demand and stimulus relevance. These results are based on observations concerning processing time.
Some Cues against the Cross-Cultural Validity of Locus of Control as a Basic Personality Trait
Authors: Perussia Felice
Published: August 2011

A scale, containing the three most representative items of Rotter's Internal-External locus of control scale, embedded in a broader series of items (about general life themes) in Liken format, was administered in two studies to two samples of 437 adult individuals and of 380 psychology students, both in Italy. Analysis showed no significant correlations among the ratings of the three items of Rotter for both samples. Moreover, responses to these three items were included in different factors yielded by a factor analysis of the total series of items, over both samples. The data suggest that locus of control (in the sense of Rotter) may reflect independent traits and values rather than discrete aspects of personality. For the most part such values seem to depend on the cultural context of reference.
Intermittent Vision and Discrete Manual Aiming
Authors: Elliott Digby , Pollock Barbara J. , Lyons James , Chua Romeo
Published: August 2011

This study was designed to assess how the precision requirements of discrete aiming movements affect the utility of brief visual samples provided during execution of movement. Subjects pointed with a hand-held stylus to targets with indices of difficulty of 3, 4, 5, and 6 bits with full vision, no vision, and in conditions in which 20-msec. visual samples were provided every 80, 140, or 200 msec. While intermittent vision required slightly longer movement times for targets with a high index of difficulty, subjects' accuracy was similar to the full-vision situation. Moreover, with intermittent vision, the movement trajectories resembled the full-vision and not the no-vision situation. It would appear that brief visual samples of the movement environment are sufficient for reasonably precise closed-loop control.
Estimates of Reliabilities for the Teacher Integration Attitudes Questionnaire
Authors: Sideridis Georgios D. , Chandler Judy P.
Published: August 2011

The Teacher Integration Attitudes Questionnaire was developed to assess the attitudes and beliefs of 110 teachers regarding inclusion of students with disabilities in regular education settings. For teachers in physical education ( n = 56) and music education ( n = 54), Cronbach alpha was .92 for both samples, suggesting the scale's reliability in making such evaluations.
Suicide in Hong Kong, 1971–1990
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Domestic integration and the economy were most effective in accounting for the time series suicide rate in Hong Kong from 1971–1990 for young adults aged 25–39.
Functional Brain Organization in Bipolar Affective Patients during Manic Phase and after Recovery: A Digit Dichotic Listening Study
Authors: Kaprinis G. , Nimatoudis J. , Karavatos A. , Kandylis D. , Kaprinis S.
Published: August 2011

To study the functional organization of the cerebral hemispheres in patients with bipolar psychosis using a verbal dichotic listening test for pairs of digits 26 patients were tested twice, during the acute expression of manic phase and after recovery. The patient group during the manic phase did not support the expected right-ear advantage of normal subjects on verbal dichotic tests but showed a statistically significant left-ear advantage, which shifted after recovery toward the typical normal asymmetry. Comparing patients during the manic phase and after recovery showed that the left-ear advantage as well as the shift in right-ear advantage after recovery was due to the reduction of left-ear performance. From the over-all neuropsychological findings for these patients mania may be hypothesized to be characterized by overactivation of the right hemisphere. This phaenomenon seems associated with acuteness of the symptoms of the psychotic disorder.
Projective Personality Tests of Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Krall Vita , Szajnberg Nathan M. , Hyams Jeffrey S. , Treem William P. , Davis Patricia
Published: August 2011

15 children with inflammatory bowel disease were given projective tests after initial diagnosis. Analysis of responses suggested affective constriction, abandonment anxiety, and depression. The children were of good intelligence with good object relationships and psychosexual differentiation for their ages. Severe psychopathology and bizarre slippage were absent.
Relationship between the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery and Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement-Revised in Children with Psychiatric Impairment
Authors: Hooper Stephen R.
Published: August 2011

This study was conducted to estimate the relationship between the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery and the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement-Revised at two ages in a child psychiatric sample ( N = 113). Analysis showed significant correspondence between scores on the Luria-Nebraska and the Woodcock-Johnson tests at both ages; however, the former tended to show greater impairment than the latter, particularly for the older group.
Belief in Paranormal Phenomena and Personality
Authors: Lester David , Monaghan Kristin
Published: August 2011

Neither extraversion nor neuroricism was related to belief in paranormal phenomena in a sample of 66 middle-school pupils.
Variations in Several Mechanical Parameters Associated with Elbow Flexion during Practice under Different Load Criteria
Authors: Yizhar Ziva , Dvir Zeevi
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze variations in the accuracy of the moment produced by the elbow flexors during feedback-assisted acquisition of a motor skill. The task consisted of minimizing the error around three criterional levels: 20%, 30%, or 50% of the maximal isokinetic concentric moment of diese muscles measured at 90°/sec. Healthy women, aged 22 to 30 years, were divided into three groups ( nA = 6, nB = 6, nc = 4) corresponding to the above criteria. They were asked to perform 10 sets of 10 right-elbow flexions per day over a period of three consecutive days. The results indicated a significant difference among the groups mainly in terms of overshooting (Group A) or undershooting (Group C) the criterion. On the other hand, Group B subjects performed optimally as indicated both by a significant convergence to the criterion (30%) and a comparatively small number of repetitions required for achievement. These findings demonstrate the existence of an optimal performance point which is located at about 30% of the maximal isokinetic concentric moment.
Does Children's Memory for Addition Facts Predict General Mathematical Ability?
Authors: Gray Colette , Mulhern Gerry
Published: August 2011

In this paper are described data from a study of 10-yr.-old children's memory for simple addition facts and an investigation of the relationship between estimated automaticity and general mathematical ability. 21 children were each presented 100 single-digit addition combinations and their addition times analysed. Each child's automaticity for addition facts was estimated by considering the discrepancy between response times for tie and nontie combinations. Analysis indicated a significant correlation between automaticity and mathematical ability ( r = .45, p< .01).
Personality Correlates of Accuracy in a Social Perception Task
Authors: Bernieri Frank J. , Gillis John S.
Published: August 2011

This study examined which aspects of personality were related to accuracy of social judgments. 45 individuals assessed rapport in a series of videotaped dyadic interactions and completed an extensive battery of personality measures. While judges were differentially successful at the task, no significant correlates of accuracy emerged.
Stopwatch for Measuring Thumb-Movement Time
Authors: Bohannon Richard W.
Published: August 2011

The feasibility of using a stopwatch to measure thumb-movement time was examined. The measurements, which did not differ significantly between the nondominant and dominant hands, possessed high intrasession reliability. The measurements discriminated between 19 apparently healthy individuals and 19 older patients with a variety of diagnoses.
Using Gestalt Graphology to Identify Entrepreneurial Leadership
Authors: Satow Roberta , Rector Jacqueline
Published: August 2011

Entrepreneurial leaders are key to economic success in postmodern society. This paper indicates that Gestalt graphologists, using handwriting alone, are able to identify successful entrepreneurs. Handwritings of entrepreneurs with proven success in business were paired with handwritings of a random sample from a national database of American households with telephones. The graphologists were asked to identify the handwriting of the successful entrepreneurs in each of the 40 pairs. The observed frequencies of success for the three graphologists were 31, 34, and 34 out of 40, respectively.
Relationships among Language Domains in Preterm Children
Authors: Holdgrafer Gary
Published: August 2011

Measures of performance in phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics were obtained from the language samples of 29 preterm children at preschool age A correlation of .43 was found between measures of phonology and syntax but other significant relationships were not found. Results are discussed relative to other research.
An Untenable Rationale for Treating Insomnia
Authors: van den Hout Marcel , Kroeze Sabine
Published: August 2011

In 1995 Cholitz tested a breathing technique to treat insomniacs. The results were incomparably much better than typically reported. It is argued that Cholitz' explanation of his findings is untenable and that independent replications are needed.
Symptoms during Load Carrying: Effects of Mass and Load Distribution during a 20-Km Road March
Authors: Johnson Richard F. , Knapik Joseph J. , Merullo Donna J.
Published: August 2011

Soldiers must often carry heavy loads which can lead to symptoms of body soreness, aches, pains, and tiredness. This study assessed symptoms when soldiers carried loads in the standard U.S. Army ALICE pack (a single backpack) and in a prototype Double Pack (a two-pack system designed to alleviate symptoms by evenly distributing the load between a backpack and a frontpack). Each of 15 male soldiers completed a 20-km (12.4 mi) road march while carrying either 34, 48, or 61 kg (75, 105, or 135 lb) and while wearing either the ALICE pack or the Double Pack. Symptoms were assessed with the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire. Premarch symptoms included feeling alert, good, and wide awake. Postmarch symptoms included tiredness, muscle tightness, and soreness of the legs, feet, back, and shoulders. Analyses of eight symptom factors showed that (a) as load increased, fatigue and muscle discomfort intensified, and alertness and feelings of well-being diminished and (b) distress and heat-illness indices were most intense at 61 kg with the Double Pack.
The Role of Raters' Sex, Personality, and Appearance in Judgments of Facial Beauty
Authors: Kowner Rotem , Ogawa Toshiki
Published: August 2011

This study examined the effects of gender, personality, and attractiveness of 90 Japanese students on their attractiveness and liking evaluation of 80 stimulus persons of various ages and races. Prior to the evaluation session, the subjects were tested on the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire and their attractiveness was assessed by several methods. Analysis yielded high correlations between men and women raters ( r = .93), yet the women's ratings were higher than those of the men. Subjects who rated one subgroup high tended to rate others high as well. Also, their liking ratings were highly correlated with their attractiveness ratings. Subjects' attractiveness did not affect their ratings of others and, similarly, personality had no effect on the ratings.
Geophysical Variables and Behavior: LXXIX. Overt Limbic Seizures are Associated with Concurrent and Premidscotophase Geomagnetic Activity: Synchronization by Prenocturnal Feeding
Authors: Persinger M. A.
Published: August 2011

Approximately 35% of the variance (multiple r = 0.59) in the proportion of overt seizures (forelimb clonus) within a group of 35 chronically epileptic male rats during 65, daily 10-min. observation periods was significantly accommodated by the variations in the magnitude of the increased geomagnetic activity at the same time as the seizures and with activity during the previous midscotophase. The results supported the hypothesis that increased geomagnetic activity during specific subintervals of the circadian period suppresses the activity of the endogenous anticonvulsant melatonin and lowers the threshold for paroxysmal electrical seizures. The possibility of employing large populations of (limbic) epileptic patients as a network or a very large array of biomonitors for geomagnetic activity is considered.
Annoyance and Discomfort during Exposure to High-Frequency Noise from an Ultrasonic Washer
Authors: Holmberg Kjell , Landström Ulf , Nordström Bertil
Published: August 2011

Annoyance and discomfort during exposure to high-frequency noise from an ultrasonic washer have been examined in the experiments carried out with 10 subjects. After a short exposure during which the subjects rated their annoyance and discomfort, a broad-band noise was matched to the ultrasound. The subjects were exposed to three different levels of ultrasound on three different occasions. Analyses showed that ultrasound causes considerable annoyance and discomfort even for the lowest exposure levels. No significant difference between annoyance and discomfort was observed. The matchings indicated, however, that the A-weighting, i.e., the traditional rating technique used for noise evaluations, overestimated the high-frequency sound when evaluating annoyance and discomfort.