bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution, Properties, and Spatial Variability of MJO Convection near and off the Equator during DYNAMO
Authors: Xu Weixin , Rutledge Steven A. , Schumacher Courtney , Katsumata Masaki
Published: July 2015

This study investigates the evolution, structure, and spatial variability of Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) convection observed during the 2011/12 Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) field campaign. Generally, the C-band radars located in the near-equatorial Indian Ocean—Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching Radar (SMART-R) on Addu Atoll (Gan) and NASA TOGA on the R/V Roger Revelle (Revelle)—observed similar trends in echo-top heights, stratiform rain fraction, and precipitation feature size across the MJO life cycle. These trends are closely related to changes in mid- to upper-tropospheric moisture, sea surface temperature (SST), zonal wind, and diagnosed vertical air motions. However, the evolution of convection, moisture, and vertical air motion at the R/V Mirai (Mirai), located in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) at 8°S, exhibited a pattern nearly opposite to Gan and Revelle. When the MJO was active over the equator, convection was suppressed around Mirai owing to induced subsidence by the strong upward motion to the north. SST and zonal winds near Mirai were nearly invariant across the MJO life cycle, indicating little influence from the MJO in these fields. Compared to Gan and Revelle, Mirai had a significant amount of precipitation that fell from shallow and isolated convection. There were subtle differences in the evolution and properties of the convection observed between Gan and Revelle. Deep convection occurred slightly earlier at Gan compared to Revelle, consistent with the west-to-east progression of the MJO in the central Indian Ocean. Furthermore, convective deepening was more gradual over Revelle compared to Gan, especially during the October MJO event.
Stochastic Atmospheric Forcing as a Cause of Greenland Climate Transitions
Authors: Kleppin Hannah , Jochum Markus , Otto-Bliesner Bette , Shields Christine A. , Yeager Stephen
Published: July 2015

An unforced simulation of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), is found to have Greenland warming and cooling events that resemble Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles in pattern and magnitude. With the caveat that only three transitions were available to be analyzed, it is found that the transitions are triggered by stochastic atmospheric forcing. The atmospheric anomalies change the strength of the subpolar gyre, leading to a change in Labrador Sea sea ice concentration and meridional heat transport. The changed climate state is maintained over centuries through the feedback between sea ice and sea level pressure in the North Atlantic. Indications that the initial atmospheric pressure anomalies are preceded by precipitation anomalies in the western Pacific warm pool are discussed. The full evolution of the anomalous climate state depends crucially on the climatic background state.
Augmentations to the Noah Model Physics for Application to the Yellow River Source Area. Part I: Soil Water Flow
Authors: Zheng Donghai , van der Velde Rogier , Su Zhongbo , Wang Xin , Wen Jun , Booij Martijn J. , Hoekstra Arjen Y. , Chen Yingying
Published: July 2015

This is the first part of a study focusing on evaluating the performance of the Noah land surface model (LSM) in simulating surface water and energy budgets for the high-elevation source region of the Yellow River (SRYR). A comprehensive dataset is utilized that includes in situ micrometeorological and profile soil moisture and temperature measurements as well as laboratory soil property measurements of samples collected across the SRYR. Here, the simulation of soil water flow is investigated, while Part II concentrates on the surface heat flux and soil temperature simulations. Three augmentations are proposed: 1) to include the effect of organic matter on soil hydraulic parameterization via the additivity hypothesis, 2) to implement the saturated hydraulic conductivity as an exponentially decaying function with soil depth, and 3) to modify the vertical root distribution to represent the Tibetan conditions characterized by an abundance of roots in the topsoil. The diffusivity form of Richards’ equation is further revised to allow for the simulation of soil water flow across soil layers with different hydraulic properties. Usage of organic matter for calculating the porosity and soil suction improves the agreement between the estimates and laboratory measurements, and the exponential function together with the Kozeny–Carman equation best describes the in situ . Through implementation of the modified hydraulic parameterization alone, the soil moisture underestimation in the upper soil layer under wet conditions is resolved, while the soil moisture profile dynamics are better captured by also including the modified root distribution.
Experimental Tropical Cyclone Forecasts Using a Variable-Resolution Global Model
Authors: Zarzycki Colin M. , Jablonowski Christiane
Published: July 2015

Tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts at 14-km horizontal resolution (0.125°) are completed using variable-resolution (V-R) grids within the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). Forecasts are integrated twice daily from 1 August to 31 October for both 2012 and 2013, with a high-resolution nest centered over the North Atlantic and eastern Pacific Ocean basins. Using the CAM version 5 (CAM5) physical parameterization package, regional refinement is shown to significantly increase TC track forecast skill relative to unrefined grids (55 km, 0.5°). For typical TC forecast integration periods (approximately 1 week), V-R forecasts are able to nearly identically reproduce the flow field of a globally uniform high-resolution forecast. Simulated intensity is generally too strong for forecasts beyond 72 h. This intensity bias is robust regardless of whether the forecast is forced with observed or climatological sea surface temperatures and is not significantly mitigated in a suite of sensitivity simulations aimed at investigating the impact of model time step and CAM’s deep convection parameterization. Replacing components of the default physics with Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals (CLUBB) produces a statistically significant improvement in forecast intensity at longer lead times, although significant structural differences in forecasted TCs exist. CAM forecasts the recurvature of Hurricane Sandy into the northeastern United States 60 h earlier than the Global Forecast System (GFS) model using identical initial conditions, demonstrating the sensitivity of TC forecasts to model configuration. Computational costs associated with V-R simulations are dramatically decreased relative to globally uniform high-resolution simulations, demonstrating that variable-resolution techniques are a promising tool for future numerical weather prediction applications.
When in Rome: Testing the Moderating Influence of Neighborhood Composition on the Relationship Between Self-Control and Juvenile Offending
Authors: Jones Adrian M.
Published: July 2015

This study investigates the stability of self-control by examining whether neighborhood composition conditions the effect of self-control on offending. Congruent with social learning perspectives, I argue that neighborhood behavioral models provide a conduit for the expression of one’s self-control. Using data from the Project of Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN), I examine multi-level zero-inflated negative binomial models that include cross-level interactions between self-control and aggregate self-control. I found that for the frequency of delinquency, but not serious offending, the effect of low self-control is amplified in neighborhoods identified as having low aggregate self-control. These findings provide evidence that the effect of low self-control on offending is not always invariant across neighborhoods.
Improved mechanical properties by high-energy milling and Spark Plasma Sintering of a TRIP-matrix composite
Authors: Decker Sabine , Krüger Lutz
Published: July 2015

A composite reinforced with 5 vol% MgO partially stabilized zirconia and a high-alloyed TRIP-steel matrix (16% Cr, 6% Ni, 6% Mn) was processed. The objective was to trigger a phase transformation under mechanical stresses within the steel and the ceramic. Therefore, the composite was processed by both mixing (110 r/min) and dispersing by intense milling (250 r/min) of the initial powders, and subsequent Spark Plasma Sintering. During Spark Plasma Sintering, the dwell time was varied (5 min, 10 min). The steel/MgO partially stabilized zirconia interfaces were improved through the intense milling and the 10 min dwell time. Furthermore, 50% of the MgO partially stabilized zirconia transformed to the monoclinic phase under quasi-static compressive loading (10−3 s−1) and the composite had a 1% offset compressive yield strength of 665 MPa. Independent from the processing route, 65% of the steel transformed to α′-martensite.
Cluster analysis of acoustic emission signals for 2D and 3D woven carbon fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Li Li , Swolfs Yentl , Straumit Ilya , Yan Xiong , Lomov Stepan V
Published: July 2015

Understanding the failure mechanisms in textile composites based on acoustic emission signals is a challenging task. In the present work, unsupervised cluster analysis is performed on the acoustic emission data registered during tensile tests on two-dimensional and three-dimensional woven carbon fiber/epoxy composites. The analysis is based on the k-means+ + algorithm and principal component analysis. Peak amplitude and frequency features – peak frequency for two-dimensional woven composites and frequency centroid for three-dimensional woven composites – were found to be dominant in cluster analysis. Cluster bounds were identified for both reinforcement types. These bounds do not differ for both reinforcement types and can be used as a starting point for acoustic emission analysis of other carbon fiber/epoxy composites. The statistics of high-frequency acoustic emission events are compared with the estimates obtained from a fiber bundle model based on Weibull fiber strength statistics. The number of acoustic emission events agrees well with the number of groups of carbon fibers that fail simultaneously. This finding may provide a new way to explain why the Weibull distribution predicts much more fiber breaks than measured by acoustic emission.
Left gastric artery aneurysm rupture: a rare cause of retroperitoneal bleeding: a case report
Authors: Ng Cho Ee , Khout Hazem , Farrell Rory , Fasih Tarannum
Published: July 2015

Introduction

Visceral artery aneurysms are very rare. Patients usually present as emergency secondary to the sudden rupture of the aneurysm or as an incidental finding on ultrasound, MRI or abdominal computed tomography. Among these, splenic artery aneurysms are the most common ones accounting for 60% of all splanchnic aneurysms and gastric and gastroepiploic aneurysms account for only about 4%.

Case presentation

We present a 61-year-old Caucasian male previously fit and well, presenting with sudden onset epigastric pain due to retroperitoneal haemorrhage secondary to ruptured left gastric artery aneurysm. Apart from a tender epigastrium, there were no other obvious signs elicited on abdominal examination. He had persistent tachycardia and haemoglobin drop from 10 g/dl to 6.7 g/dl. He underwent a contrast computed tomography which identified the ruptured left gastric artery. The aneurysm was controlled successfully with coil embolisation of the left gastric artery. At three-month follow–up, there was no evidence of the aneurysm.

Conclusion

Clinical presentations that do not correlate with examination finding should prompt immediate extensive investigation. The aid of contrast computed tomography and minimally invasive radiological interventional is the key to a fruitful outcome for this very rare entity.
The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Medicaid Focused Insurers in California
Authors: McCue Michael J.
Published: July 2015

To gain insights into the impact of Medicaid Expansion under the Affordable Care Act, this study assesses the enrollment, utilization, and financial performance measures of California Medicaid focused health insurers. The study compares these quarterly measures, during the expansion period of 2014 to the same quarterly measures in 2013 and 2012. During 2014, Medicaid focused insurers expanded enrollment, decreased inpatient days, and generated higher profit margins.
“I Had To Be Strong”
Authors: Watson Natalie N. , Hunter Carla D.
Published: July 2015

Although strength is often embraced as a vital aspect of African American womanhood, African American women’s endorsement of the strong Black woman race-gender schema has received empirical attention because of its association with harmful health outcomes. Thus, there is limited knowledge regarding how African American women simultaneously experience its liabilities (e.g., harmful health outcomes) and benefits (e.g., increased self-efficacy). Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze data from 13 African American women who discussed the competing messages experienced when internalizing the strong Black woman race-gender schema. Three tensions were identified: (a) be psychologically durable yet do not engage in behaviors that preserve psychological durability, (b) be equal yet be oppressed, and (c) be feminine yet reject traditional feminine norms. These tensions highlighted that the schema simultaneously produced advantageous outcomes with respect to self-efficacy yet unfavorable implications for self-care. Each tension is discussed with respect to its perceived advantages and disadvantages.
A Conceptual Framework for Utilizing Black History Knowledge as a Path to Psychological Liberation for Black Youth
Authors: Chapman-Hilliard Collette , Adams-Bass Valerie
Published: July 2015

Several scholars suggest that Black history knowledge (BHK) is a significant psychological strength that facilitates mental health for Black people, and Black youth in particular, as they face racial injustice and adversity. Yet no framework has been presented in the psychological literature to advance scholarship regarding the significance of BHK. While other constructs (e.g., racial identity and racial socialization) importantly highlight the significance of history, they are limited in accounting for the multifaceted nature of BHK. The purpose of this article is to present a conceptual framework that demonstrates the utility of BHK in facilitating mental health and psychological liberation among Black youth. Toward this goal, this article highlights theory and research related to definitions of BHK, liberation tasks associated with BHK, and interactional processes significant to coping and mental health among Black youth, particularly as they navigate racial encounters.
Identity Threats, Identity Work and Elite Professionals
Authors: Brown Andrew D. , Coupland Christine
Published: July 2015

Elite professionals opportunistically employ threats to their work identities to author preferred selves. Predicated on understandings that identities are subjectively available to people as in-progress narratives, and that these are often insecure fabrications, we investigate the identity work of members of a UK-based professional Rugby League club. The research contribution we make is to demonstrate that professionals use identity threats as flexible resources for working on favoured identities. We show that rugby players authored identity threats centred on the shortness of their careers, injury and performance, and how these were appropriated (made their own) by men to develop desired occupational and masculine identities. In so doing, we also contribute to debates on how professionals’ identity discourse is an expression of agency framed within relations of power.
Systematic Review of Nontumor Pediatric Auditory Brainstem Implant Outcomes
Authors: Noij Kimberley S. , Kozin Elliott D. , Sethi Rosh , Shah Parth V. , Kaplan Alyson B. , Herrmann Barbara , Remenschneider Aaron , Lee Daniel J.
Published: July 2015

Objective

The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) was initially developed for patients with deafness as a result of neurofibromatosis type 2. ABI indications have recently extended to children with congenital deafness who are not cochlear implant candidates. Few multi‐institutional outcome data exist. Herein, we aim to provide a systematic review of outcomes following implantation of the ABI in pediatric patients with nontumor diagnosis, with a focus on audiometric outcomes.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane.

Review Methods

A systematic review of literature was performed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses) recommendations. Variables assessed included age at implantation, diagnosis, medical history, cochlear implant history, radiographic findings, ABI device implanted, surgical approach, complications, side effects, and auditory outcomes.

Results

The initial search identified 304 articles; 21 met inclusion criteria for a total of 162 children. The majority of these patients had cochlear nerve aplasia (63.6%, 103 of 162). Cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred in up to 8.5% of cases. Audiometric outcomes improved over time. After 5 years, almost 50% of patients reached Categories of Auditory Performance scores >4; however, patients with nonauditory disabilities did not demonstrate a similar increase in scores.

Conclusion

ABI surgery is a reasonable option for the habilitation of deaf children who are not cochlear implant candidates. Although improvement in Categories of Auditory Performance scores was seen across studies, pediatric ABI users with nonauditory disabilities have inferior audiometric outcomes.
Systemic oxidant/antioxidant balance in human abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Menteşe Umit , Turan Ibrahim , Usta Sefer , Demir Selim , Koral Özgür , Öztaş Menteşe Seda , Çavuşoğlu Ismail Gökhan , Karahan Süleyman Caner , Alver Ahmet , Doğan Orhan Veli , Aykan Ahmet Çağrı
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidant-antioxidant balance in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Forty-two consecutive patients with AAA and 46 control subjects were included. Total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were measured and the oxidative stress index (OSI) value determined. Serum TOS and OSI values in patients with AAA were higher than those in the controls (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). There was a positive correlation between abdominal aortic diameters, serum TOS levels (r=0.592, p<0.001) and OSI values (r=0.598, p<0.001). A cut-off value of 17.68 µmol H2O2 equivalent/L for TOS was associated with 86% sensitivity and 83% specificity and a cut-off value of 1.77 for OSI was associated with 86% sensitivity and 81% specificity for predicting AAA. Systemic oxidative imbalance develops in patients with AAA, particularly as a result of an increase in TOS.
Does adding mobilization to stretching improve outcomes for people with frozen shoulder? A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Çelik Derya , Kaya Mutlu Ebru
Published: July 2015

Objective:

To assess the effectiveness of joint mobilization combined with stretching exercises in patients with frozen shoulder.

Design:

A randomized controlled clinical pilot trial.

Setting:

Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology.

Subjects:

Thirty patients with frozen shoulder.

Intervention:

All participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: joint mobilization and stretching versus stretching exercises alone. Both groups performed a home exercise program and were treated for six weeks (18 sessions).

Main measures:

The primary outcome measures for functional assessment were the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score and the Constant score. The secondary outcome measures were pain level, as evaluated with a visual analog scale, and range of motion, as measured using a conventional goniometer. Patients were assessed before treatment, at the end of the treatment, and after one year as follow-up.

Results:

Two-by-two repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections revealed significant increases in abduction (91.9° [CI: 86.1-96.7] to 172.8° [CI: 169.7-175.5]), external rotation (28.1° [CI: 22.2-34.2] to 77.7° [CI: 70.3-83.0]) and Constant score (39.1 [CI: 35.3-42.6] to 80.5 [75.3-86.6]) at the one-year follow-up in the joint mobilization combined with stretching exercise group, whereas the group performing stretching exercise alone did not show such changes.

Conclusion:

In the treatment of patients with frozen shoulder, joint mobilization combined with stretching exercises is better than stretching exercise alone in terms of external rotation, abduction range of motion and function score.
Efficacy of interventions used by physiotherapists for patients with headache and migraine—systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Luedtke Kerstin , Allers Angie , Schulte Laura H , May Arne
Published: July 2015

Aim

We aimed to conduct a systematic review evaluating the effectiveness of interventions used by physiotherapists on the intensity, frequency and duration of migraine, tension-type (TTH) and cervicogenic headache (CGH).

Methods

We performed a systematic search of electronic databases and a hand search for controlled trials. A risk of bias analysis was conducted using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB). Meta-analyses present the combined mean effects; sensitivity analyses evaluate the influence of methodological quality.

Results

Of 77 eligible trials, 26 were included in the RoB assessment. Twenty trials were included in meta-analyses. Nineteen out of 26 trials had a high RoB in >1 domain. Meta-analyses of all trials indicated a reduction of TTH ( p < 0.0001; mean reduction −1.11 on a 0–10 visual analog scale (VAS); 95% CI −1.64 to −0.57) and CGH ( p = 0.0002; mean reduction −2.52 on a 0–10 VAS; 95% CI −3.86 to −1.19) pain intensity, CGH frequency ( p < 0.00001; mean reduction −1.34 days per month; 95% CI −1.40 to −1.28), and migraine ( p = 0.0001; mean reduction −22.39 hours without relief; 95% CI −33.90 to −10.88) and CGH ( p < 0.00001; mean reduction −1.68 hours per day; 95% CI −2.09 to −1.26) duration. Excluding high RoB trials increased the effect sizes and reached additional statistical significance for migraine pain intensity ( p < 0.00001; mean reduction −1.94 on a 0–10 VAS; 95% CI −2.61 to −1.27) and frequency ( p < 0.00001; mean reduction −9.07 days per month; 95% CI −9.52 to −8.62).

Discussion

Results suggest a statistically significant reduction in the intensity, frequency and duration of migraine, TTH and CGH. Pain reduction and reduction in CGH frequency do not reach clinically relevant effect sizes. Small sample sizes, inadequate use of headache classification, and other methodological shortcomings reduce the confidence in these results. Methodologically sound, randomized controlled trials with adequate sample sizes are required to provide information on whether and which physiotherapy approach is effective. According to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), the current level of evidence is low.
Thermal behavior of phenolic-based ceramizable composites modified by nano-aluminum oxide
Authors: Wang Fengyi , Huang Zhixiong , Qin Yan , Li Yunxia
Published: July 2015

A novel ceramizable organic composite was prepared by compression molding using silicone-modified phenolic resin (PR) as the matrix, nano-aluminum oxide powder as the filler, glass powder with low melting point as the forming additive, and vitreous silica fiber as the reinforced material. The ablative characteristics were explored in terms of linear/mass ablation rate and microscopic pattern of ablation via the oxyacetylene torch tests. Thermal stability of the investigated composites was estimated by means of thermogravimetric analysis. The final charring yields after pyrolysis increased from 63% to 69% and 74%, respectively. The silicone-modified PR acted as cross-linking adhesive at low-temperature region and tended to convert to bonding layer at high-temperature region. The formation and growth of the ceramic phase after thermal treatment enhanced the thermal stability and ablation performance of the composites at high-temperature region. The morphology and phase composition of the residual chars were studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The test results revealed that the modified composite possessed excellent thermal stability and ablation property.
Crosswind sensitivity assessment of a representative Europe-wide range of conventional vehicles
Authors: Paradot Nicolas , Grégoire Rémi , Stiepel Marc , Blanco Ander , Sima Mikael , Deeg Peter , Schroeder-Bodenstein Kaspar , Johnson Terry , Zanetti Gianluca
Published: July 2015

The European Union Seventh Framework Programme research project AeroTRAIN aimed at delivering limit criteria for crosswinds to the ‘Rolling stock – locomotives and passenger rolling stock’ Technical Specification for Interoperability (CR LOC&PAS TSI) and for class 2 trains of the high-speed rolling stock TSI (HS RST TSI). A first objective was the assessment of characteristic wind curve (CWC) for identified class 2 and conventional vehicles with low, but sufficient, crosswind stability (as proven by their safe operational records) on the EN 14067-6: 2010 single track with ballast and rails (STBR) standard configuration. In the same manner, and as a second objective, Reference CWC and limit criteria for class 1 trains of HS RST TSI were planned to be determined. For all these trains, the aerodynamic coefficients were obtained in a unique wind tunnel campaign using the STBR ground configuration. Their crosswind sensitivity was assessed against a calculated CWC obtained from vehicle dynamics simulations. The resulting database will allow the derivation of the relevant limit criteria still needed for vehicle authorization regarding crosswind stability.
Improved multiple model target tracking algorithm based on particle filter
Authors: Chen Zhimin , Qu Yuanxin , Liu Bing , Bo Yuming , Fu Minhui , Chen Jiahong
Published: July 2015

Due to the high computing complexity of interacting multiple model based on particle filter (IMM-PF), the improved multiple model particle filter tracking algorithm based on systematic resampling is proposed in combination with the requirement of air defense system for maneuvering target tracking model. Since the number of particles in this algorithm is not involved in model switch or interaction, this algorithm has reduced filter’s algorithm complexity and improved the real-time performance of target tracking while maintaining the same accuracy with IMM-PF. Therefore, this algorithm is of high practical application value in modern air defense system.
Mothers’ strategies to strengthen their daughters’ body image
Authors: Maor Maya , Cwikel Julie
Published: July 2015

Existing studies of the mother–daughter relationship have focused mainly on the transfer of negative body image messages or on risk of eating disorders, and have paid little attention to how this relationship might serve as a resource for building body-acceptance or resilience to disordered eating. On the basis of a secondary analysis of four qualitative samples, we examined how mothers and their now-adult daughters reflect on the ways in which the mothers tried to promote positive body image and resilience to body dissatisfaction in their daughters. Using a content analysis, we have identified five strategies: (a) filtering – being cautious and sensitive in communicating about body image issues, (b) transmitting awareness of the dangers of eating disorders, (c) positive reinforcement – providing affirmations in regard to daughters’ bodies; (d) discussion – providing tools for criticism of the dominant body-related social discourse; and (e) positivity – shifting the focus from food, body-size and weight loss to making healthy choices and taking pleasure in food. Identification of these strategies emphasizes the many potential avenues for growth and development inherent in mother–daughter relationships.
Polarizing news? Representations of threat and efficacy in leading US newspapers’ coverage of climate change
Authors: Feldman Lauren , Hart P. Sol , Milosevic Tijana
Published: July 2015

This study examines non-editorial news coverage in leading US newspapers as a source of ideological differences on climate change. A quantitative content analysis compared how the threat of climate change and efficacy for actions to address it were represented in climate change coverage across The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and USA Today between 2006 and 2011. Results show that The Wall Street Journal was least likely to discuss the impacts of and threat posed by climate change and most likely to include negative efficacy information and use conflict and negative economic framing when discussing actions to address climate change. The inclusion of positive efficacy information was similar across newspapers. Also, across all newspapers, climate impacts and actions to address climate change were more likely to be discussed separately than together in the same article. Implications for public engagement and ideological polarization are discussed.
The Response of the Mexican Equity Market to US Monetary Surprises
Authors: Heath Ellis B. , Kopchak Seth J.
Published: July 2015

Controlling for the US stock market, we find that the reaction of the Indice de Precios y Cotizaciones (IPC) (Mexican equity market) to changes in the federal funds target rate is asymmetric and depends on the state of the Mexican economy. Specifically, Mexican equity markets, like US equity markets, suffer more during cyclical downturns when faced with US monetary surprises than during expansions. This result is important since it suggests that exogenous credit events in the US can affect Mexican equity markets and that the magnitude of the effect depends on the state of the Mexican economy; additionally, it shows that the credit channel theory applies across the US–Mexican border. While other studies have confirmed that US monetary surprises can affect the Mexican equity market, none have looked at this aspect as it relates to business cycles.

JEL Classification: E52, F36, F42
Backtesting of Value at Risk Methodology: Analysis of Banking Shares in India
Authors: Patra Biswajit , Padhi Puja
Published: July 2015

Value at risk (VaR) is used by financial experts to calculate and predict the risk of financial exposure. In the presence of volatility and long memory, it is a model useful for the prediction of loss in the equity index return series. Checking the accuracy of this model is necessary from the practitioners’ point of view. This article initially checks the presence of autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (ARCH) and long-memory effects in the daily closing price of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)-BANKEX return series. After confirming the ARCH and long-memory presence, it analyses the different methods of VaR calculation such as asymmetric power ARCH (APARCH), fractionally integrated exponential generalised ARCH (FIEGARCH), hyperbolic generalised GARCH (HYGARCH) and risk metrics. Then, it empirically tests the forecasting capacity of these VaR methods through techniques such as the Kupiec likelihood ratio (LR test) and dynamic quantile test. Furthermore, it checks the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) to determine the model with the least error. From the set of VaR models used here, by and large it concludes that the BANKEX return series has both long-memory and asymmetry effects. By comparing these models, it is implied that the HYGARCH model gives a better result, although the other models have their significance in the estimation and forecasting of the BANKEX return series.

JEL: C12, D81, C530
The trouble with Martin O’Meara
Authors: Martyr Philippa , Davison Sophie
Published: July 2015

Objective:

The objective of this article is to highlight the pitfalls of translating historical cases of wartime psychiatric trauma into modern post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Method:

We examined all available primary sources relating to the case of Martin O’Meara VC (1885–1935).

Results:

We found that O’Meara’s symptoms are not consistent with a diagnosis of PTSD.

Conclusions:

It is more likely that O’Meara developed a form of schizoaffective disorder, or long-lasting trauma-induced psychosis, after World War I.
The Core Extrusion Schema–Revised
Authors: Levinson Cheri A. , Rodebaugh Thomas L. , Lim Michelle H. , Fernandez Katya C.
Published: July 2015

Cognitive behavioral models of social anxiety disorder (SAD) suggest that fear of negative evaluation is a core fear or vulnerability for SAD. However, why negative evaluation is feared is not fully understood. It is possible that core beliefs contribute to the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and SAD. One of these beliefs may be a core extrusion schema: a constellation of beliefs that one’s true self will be rejected by others and therefore one should hide one’s true self. In the current study ( N = 699), we extended research on the Core Extrusion Schema and created a shortened and revised version of the measure called the Core Extrusion Schema–Revised. The Core Extrusion Schema–Revised demonstrated good factor fit for its two subscales (Hidden Self and Rejection of the True Self) and was invariant across gender and ethnicity. The Hidden Self subscale demonstrated excellent incremental validity within the full sample as well as in participants diagnosed with generalized SAD. Specifically, the Hidden Self subscale may help explain severity of social interaction anxiety. This measure could be used with individuals diagnosed with generalized SAD to design exposures targeting these core beliefs.
Effects of rotational components of earthquakes on seismic responses of triple concave friction pendulum base-isolated structures
Authors: Loghman Vahid , Tajammolian Hamed , Khoshnoudian Faramarz
Published: July 2015

In this research, the effects of rotational components of earthquakes on seismic responses of Triple Concave Friction Pendulum (TCFP) base-isolated structures are investigated elaborately. Although it is common to ignore the influence of rotational components of earthquakes on structural analysis, this investigation demonstrates the significant effects of these components on seismic responses of isolated structures mounted on TCFP bearings. Extensive base-isolated structures models with different superstructure specifications such as slenderness and aspect ratios as well as isolation properties such as effective period and damping are investigated. Essential seismic responses such as base shear, roof acceleration, isolator displacement and base slab rotation are studied while isolated structures subjected to the translational components of earthquakes as well as the rotational and translational components of earthquakes simultaneously. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of seismic responses to the superstructure properties such as the slenderness ratio and plan aspect ratio in presence of rotational components; whereas it does not show such sensitivity to isolation properties. Generally, the roof acceleration and the base shear can be affected by the rotational components, tremendously. For instance the roof acceleration can be raised 220% in a structure when its plan length is three times more than its plan width and the base shear can be increased 33% for a 9-story building in presence of rotational components.
The Watching-Eye Effect on Prosocial Lying
Authors: Oda Ryo , Kato Yuta , Hiraishi Kai
Published: July 2015

Evidence shows that people tend to behave prosocially when they are in the presence of images depicting eyes. There are two proximate causes of the eyes effect. One involves positive motivation to gain future reward and the other involves negative motivation to avoid violating a norm. Although several studies have suggested that positive motivation is a strong candidate, these studies were unable to distinguish between adherence to norms and prosocial behavior. We investigated the watching-eyes effect in an experimental setting to determine whether the tendency of humans to violate norms voluntarily could be understood as prosocial behavior. We compared the tendency to tell “prosocial lies” in the presence of a depiction of stylized eyes (eyes condition) with that involving no such depiction (control condition). Under the control condition, participants tended to tell lies that benefitted others, whereas the tendency toward prosocial lying disappeared under the eyes condition. This suggests that the desire to avoid violating norms by being honest is stronger than the desire to pursue a good reputation by demonstrating generosity when such violation might lead to serious costs.
Tipping point and risk assessment of force allocation and countermeasures in air operations
Authors: Cavagnaro Catherine , Tiller John
Published: July 2015

This paper considers the concepts of tipping point and risk assessment in the modeling and simulation of air superiority scenarios using both current day and future air assets. In doing so, we reveal three important observations associated with issues: force allocation, enemy countermeasures, and the application of game changing capabilities. These principles have important implications for military planners as they provide insight into how the variation of certain parameters can affect outcomes.
Information and support needs of adult family members of patients in intensive care units: an Iranian perspective
Authors: Bandari Razieh , Heravi-Karimooi Majideh , Rejeh Nahid , Mirmohammadkhani Majid , Vaismoradi Mojtaba , Snelgrove Sherrill
Published: July 2015

Nurses are required to be knowledgeable about the needs of family members of patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit. The identification of the importance and priority of family members’ needs enables nurses to provide appropriate information and support for family members. The aim of this study was to describe the needs of family members of patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit. A descriptive cross-sectional study using survey methods was conducted. Family members of patients hospitalised for 24–72 hours in the intensive care units of 27 public and teaching hospitals in an urban area of Iran were chosen using the random sampling method. The 45-item Persian version of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory was used to collect numerical data. Four hundred and fifty family members participated. The mean score for each of the 45 items ranged from 2.45 to 3.72. Ten items were rated by responders as very important, with 93.13% of the sample rating ‘Giving an honest answer to questions’ as having the highest level of importance. ‘To have the pastor visit’ was reported to be the least important need. Age, family relations, marital status and level of education related to the importance level of some of the perceived needs. It is concluded that the most important needs consist of five items relating to the ‘assurance dimension’, while the least important ones are related to the ‘support dimension’. The incorporation of the needs of family members into the nursing education programme is suggested. The findings will help with the preparation of nurses, as future healthcare policy makers, to plan for meeting these needs and will reduce the psychological burden on family members of patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit.
Belinostat in patients with refractory or relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a perspective review
Authors: Sawas Ahmed , Radeski Dejan , O’Connor Owen A.
Published: July 2015

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a disease with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Recent advances in cancer biology suggest that PTCL may be characterized by gross epigenetic dysregulation, which may help explain its sensitivity to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. HDAC inhibitors have demonstrated significant activity in T-cell neoplasms and recently, the BELIEF trial evaluated belinostat leading to its approval in the US. This review discusses the development of belinostat, its mechanism of action, pivotal clinical trials, drug toxicity and its recent approval for patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL. Key clinical trials covered include phase I/II evaluation of belinostat in hematologic malignancies, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and PTCL. In addition, the BELIEF trial in PTCL leading to FDA approval of belinostat is reviewed in detail.
Helping consumers to change their financial behaviour: Contributions of a multi-phase change model
Authors: Salerno Francis , Berriche Amira , Crié Dominique , Martin Annabel
Published: July 2015

There is increasing interest in the problematic behaviour of consumers in budgetary and financial terms. Behavioural change models can help put in place social marketing initiatives in this respect. This paper reveals that the strategies for change used by consumers are fundamentally approach and avoidance strategies. It proposes a model to define the role of decisional balance in the way these strategies are used. This model is applied to groups made up of consumers in similar situations and on a trajectory towards change. The dimensions of change in the transtheoretical model (precontemplation, contemplation, action and maintenance) served as the basis for forming these groups, in line with previous research that adopted this orientation rather than a series of successive and distinct phases in the change process. Our findings have direct implications for our understanding of behavioural change and social marketing actions in this area of study.
Giant pulmonary artery aneurysm in a setting of Wegener’s granulomatosis
Authors: Tan Joon Win , Cheng Andrew , Vo Tovi , Lee Chin Siew , He Cheng , Zhang Bo
Published: July 2015

Giant pulmonary artery aneurysms are rare with a poorly understood natural history. They can be idiopathic but often associated with congenital cardiac deformities, pulmonary hypertension or vasculitides. Indications for surgery and clinical course are still not well defined. We present a case of a giant pulmonary artery aneurysm corrected surgically using a Dacron bifurcation graft with concomitant single concomitant coronary artery bypass graft and 4-year radiology follow-up.
The Role of Communication and Cohesion in Reducing Social Loafing in Group Projects
Authors: Lam Chris
Published: July 2015

This study examines previously untested variables that influence social loafing in professional and technical communication group projects by determining the influence of communication quality and task cohesion on social loafing. A set-up factors model, which included group size, peer review, project scope, and method of team formation, was also tested for means of comparison. The results indicated the communication quality and task cohesion model significantly reduced social loafing, explaining 53% of the variance in social loafing. The model of set-up factors only explained about 4% of the variance. The article discusses instructional strategies that foster quality communication to reduce loafing.
Homogenisation of chemical composition and microstructure in laser filler wire welding of AA 6009 aluminium alloy by in situ electric current stirring
Authors: Zhang X. , Wu S. , Xiao R. , Li L.
Published: July 2015

Owing to the rapid cooling rates, the deposited and base metals could be mixed incompletely during laser welding of Al alloys in most cases. The objective of this research is to explore a possible method to promote the mixing of materials inside the molten pool by making use of the magnetofluid dynamic effect of electric current. Full penetration CO2 laser welding of 3 mm thick alloy 6009 sheets was performed with an external electric current simultaneously into the weld pool via a filler wire. It is found that the deposited metal is mainly concentrated on the upper part of the weld fusion zone, and the weld zone microstructure is non-uniform without the electric current addition. With the application of an electric current, the weld fusion zone geometry is reshaped, and the chemical composition and microstructure of the weld metal are homogenised. The mechanism is found to be electromagnetic force stirring of the molten pool.
Cytokinesis failure in RhoA-deficient mouse erythroblasts involves actomyosin and midbody dysregulation and triggers p53 activation
Authors: Konstantinidis Diamantis G. , Giger Katie M. , Risinger Mary , Pushkaran Suvarnamala , Zhou Ping , Dexheimer Phillip , Yerneni Satwica , Andreassen Paul , Klingmüller Ursula , Palis James , Zheng Yi , Kalfa Theodosia A.
Published: July 2015

Key Points

RhoA GTPase activates pMRLC and localizes to the site of midbody formation to regulate erythroblast cytokinesis. Cytokinesis failure in erythroblasts caused by RhoA deficiency triggers p53-mediated DNA-damage response, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis.
A fast and accurate algorithm for ℓ
1 minimization problems in compressive sampling
Authors: Chen Feishe , Shen Lixin , Suter Bruce W. , Xu Yuesheng
Published: July 2015

An accurate and efficient algorithm for solving the constrained ℓ
1-norm minimization problem is highly needed and is crucial for the success of sparse signal recovery in compressive sampling. We tackle the constrained ℓ
1-norm minimization problem by reformulating it via an indicator function which describes the constraints. The resulting model is solved efficiently and accurately by using an elegant proximity operator-based algorithm. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm performs well for sparse signals with magnitudes over a high dynamic range. Furthermore, it performs significantly better than the well-known algorithm NESTA (a shorthand for Nesterov’s algorithm) and DADM (dual alternating direction method) in terms of the quality of restored signals and the computational complexity measured in the CPU-time consumed.
Mechanical properties of friction-stir-welded polyamide sheets
Authors: M. Husain Imad , K. Salim Raed , Azdast Taher , Hasanifard Soran , M. Shishavan Sajjad , Eungkee Lee Richard
Published: July 2015

Background

In this study, the effect of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of friction-stir-welded polyamide (nylon 66) sheets is investigated.

Methods

Commercial polyamide sheets with the dimension of 250 × 150 × 8 mm are used in experimentations. The processing parameters considered in the welding include: rotational speeds in five levels and traverse speeds in three levels. Tensile and impact tests are performed in order to evaluate mechanical behavior of welded sheets. Full-factorial design of experiments and also analysis of variance was performed in present study.

Results

Results show that when rotational speed increases, weld strength first increases and then decreases. In other words, there is an optimum rotational speed in which the welded samples could obtain the highest tensile Strength. Regarding the traverse speed, weld strength decreases with increasing of the traverse speed.

Conclusions

Obtained results show a significant relationship between considered properties and processing parameters through an analysis of variance (ANOVA) study.