bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mini‐ and macro‐scale direct perfusion bioreactors with optimized flow for engineering 3D tissues
Authors: Born Gordian , Plantier Evelia , Nannini Guido , Caimi Alessandro , Mazzoleni Andrea , Asnaghi M. Adelaide , Muraro Manuele G. , Scherberich Arnaud , Martin Ivan , García‐García Andrés
Published: November 2022

Bioreactors enabling direct perfusion of cell suspensions or culture media through the pores of 3D scaffolds have long been used in tissue engineering to improve cell seeding efficiency as well as uniformity of cell distribution and tissue development. A macro‐scale U‐shaped bioreactor for cell culture under perfusion (U‐CUP) has been previously developed. In that system, the geometry of the perfusion chamber results in rather uniform flow through most of the scaffold volume, but not in the peripheral regions. Here, the design of the perfusion chamber has been optimized to provide a more homogenous perfusion flow through the scaffold. Then, the design of this macro‐scale flow‐optimized perfusion bioreactor (macro‐Flopper) has been miniaturized to create a mini‐scale device (mini‐Flopper) compatible with medium‐throughput assays. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling of the new chamber design, including a porous scaffold structure, revealed that Flopper bioreactors provide highly homogenous flow speed, pressure, and shear stress. Finally, a proof‐of‐principle of the functionality of the Flopper systems by engineering endothelialized stromal tissues using human adipose tissue‐derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells has been offered. Preliminary evidence showing that flow optimization improves cell maintenance in the engineered tissues will have to be confirmed in future studies. In summary, two bioreactor models with optimized perfusion flow and complementary sizes have been proposed that might be exploited to engineer homogenous tissues and, in the case of the mini‐Flopper, for drug testing assays with a limited amount of biological material.
Fibrotic remodeling and tissue regeneration mechanisms define the therapeutic potential of human muscular progenitors
Authors: Hsiao Ya‐Chuan , Wang I‐Han , Yang Tsung‐Lin
Published: November 2022

Fibrosis is an intrinsic biological reaction toward the challenges of tissue injury that is implicated in the wound‐healing process. Although it is useful to efficiently mitigate the damage, progression of fibrosis is responsible for the morbidity and mortality occurring in a variety of diseases. Because of lacking effective treatments, there is an emerging need for exploring antifibrotic strategies. Cell therapy based on stem/progenitor cells is regarded as a promising approach for treating fibrotic diseases. Appropriate selection of cellular sources is required for beneficial results. Muscle precursor cells (MPCs) are specialized progenitors harvested from skeletal muscle for conducting muscle regeneration. Whether they are also effective in regulating fibrosis has seldom been explored and merits further investigation. MPCs were successfully harvested from all human samples regardless of demographic backgrounds. The extracellular matrices remodeling was enhanced through the paracrine effects mediated by MPCs. The suppression effects on fibrosis were confirmed in vivo when MPCs were transplanted into the diseased animals with oral submucous fibrosis. The data shown here revealed the potential of MPCs to be employed to simultaneously regulate both processes of fibrosis and tissue regeneration, supporting them as the promising cell candidates for development of the cell therapy for antifibrosis and tissue regeneration.
Melanoma awareness and prevention among latinx and non‐latinx white adults in urban and rural California: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Mesia Rachel J. , Espinosa Patricia Rodriguez , Hutchison Hayden , Safaeinili Nadia , Finster Laurel J. , Muralidharan Vijaytha , Glenn Beth A. , Haile Robert W. , Rosas Lisa Goldman , Swetter Susan M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Melanoma mortality rates in the US are highest among older men, individuals of lower socioeconomic status (SES), and people of color. To better understand these inequities, a qualitative exploratory study was conducted in Northern and Southern California to generate knowledge about barriers and facilitators of awareness, prevention, and early detection of melanoma in lower SES Latinx and non‐Latinx White (NLW) individuals living in urban and semi‐rural areas.

Methods

Nineteen focus groups were conducted (N = 176 adult participants), stratified by race/ethnicity (Latinx, low‐income NLW), geography (semi‐rural, urban), and language (English and Spanish). Inductive and deductive thematic analysis was conducted, and the findings were organized using the socioecological model framework: individual, interpersonal, community, and health system/policy levels.

Results

Four socioecological themes describe how key factors affect knowledge, perceived risk, preventive behaviors, and melanoma screening. Individual level findings revealed that many participants were not familiar with melanoma, yet were willing to learn through trusted sources. Having brown or darker skin tone was perceived as being associated with lower risk for skin cancer. Interpersonally, social relationships were important influences for skin cancer prevention practice. However, for several Latinx and semi‐rural participants, conversations about melanoma prevention did not occur with family and peers. At the community level, semi‐rural participants reported distance or lack of transportation to a clinic as challenges for accessing dermatology care. Healthcare systems barriers included burdens of additional healthcare costs for dermatology visits and obtaining referral.

Conclusions

Varying factors influence the awareness levels, beliefs, and behaviors associated with knowledge, prevention, and early detection of melanoma among low‐income Latinx and NLW individuals and in semi‐rural areas. Results have implications for health education interventions. Navigation strategies that target individuals, families, and health care settings can promote improved prevention and early detection of melanoma in these communities.
Patterns of use of biological and genetic markers for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia in Puerto Rico
Authors: Ortiz‐Ortiz Karen J. , Torres‐Cintrón Carlos R. , Suárez Ramos Tonatiuh , Castañeda‐Avila Maira A. , Cotto Santana Luis A. , Tortolero‐Luna Guillermo
Published: November 2022

Background

The use of markers has stimulated the development of more appropriate targeted therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We assessed the use and prevalence of biological and genetic markers of CLL and AML in the homogeneous Hispanic population of Puerto Rico.

Methods

We used the Puerto Rico CLL/AML Population‐Based Registry, which combines information from linked databases. Logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with biological and genetic testing.

Results

A total of 926 patients 18 years or older diagnosed with CLL (n = 518) and AML (n = 408) during 2011–2015 were included in this analysis. Cytogenetic testing (FISH) was reported for 441 (85.1%) of the CLL patients; of those, 24.0% had the presence of trisomy 12, 9.5% carried deletion 11q, 50.3% carried deletion 13q, and 6.3% carried deletion 17p. Regarding AML, patients with cytogenetics and molecular tests were considered to determine the risk category (254 patients), of which 39.8% showed poor or adverse risk. Older age and having more comorbidities among patients with CLL were associated with a lower likelihood of receiving a FISH test.

Conclusions

Although prognostic genetic testing is required for treatment decisions, the amount of testing in this Hispanic cohort is far from ideal. Furthermore, some tests were not homogeneously distributed in the population, which requires further exploration and monitoring. This study contributes to the field by informing the medical community about the use and prevalence of biological and genetic markers of CLL and AML. Similarly, it has the potential to improve the management of CLL and AML through benchmarking.
Examining a community intervention to help White people understand race and racism and engage in anti‐racist behaviours
Authors: Banks Kira Hudson , Desdune Jasmine , Johnson Tanesha R. , Green Kyara
Published: November 2022

Uprisings over the past decade have accelerated the search for interventions to support White people in increasing their capacity to understand historical and present‐day racial dynamics. This study investigates the impacts and effectiveness of a community‐led intervention developed to prime White individuals to challenge injustice through increasing knowledge, confidence, and competence related to race, racism, intragroup dialogue, and colour‐blind racial attitudes. Five hundred and thirty seven participants were recruited from four cohorts of community‐led groups, which read, reflected, journaled, and completed activities related to race and racism for a total of 40 hr over 10 sessions. Participants were given pre‐ and post‐measures to assess their White racial capacity, and colour‐blind racial attitudes. Participants also completed a follow‐up assessment on anti‐racist behaviours. The results indicated that participants were able to increase their racial capacity in terms of their understanding and knowledge of race and racism. They also indicated that they felt more confident and competent to have racial discussions in an intergroup context. The possibilities and limitations of interventions to shift attitudes and behaviours are discussed.
Death by 1000 ‘true fans’: Do marketing laws apply to music listening?
Authors: Anesbury Zachary William , Davies Callum , Driesener Carl , Page Bill , Greenacre Luke , Yang Song , Bruwer Johan
Published: November 2022

The advice to musicians and marketers is to focus on what they love: a truism for practitioners is to find 1000 ‘true fans’ and make $100 from each of them (Kelly, 2008.1000 True fans. The Technium). If this advice is correct, we should see musicians with loyal user bases engaging more with their favourite artists and less with other music, suggesting a narrow targeting strategy would suffice. On the other hand, the established marketing laws indicate that the listeners of very different genres should overlap more than conventional wisdom would suggest, supporting the need for a much broader approach to targeting potential audiences. Given these conflicting views, musicians need to know if they should market to their existing listeners, the listeners of music similar to theirs (i.e., the same genre), or if they should try to reach a much wider audience. We turn to established choice patterns from the marketing literature to address these questions in the music context. This study examines 84,000,000 observations of music listening from 27,000 unique global users between 2013 and 2014 and survey data from 2019 containing music listening from over 1000 representative respondents in the United States. The results show that listening follows the Duplication of Purchase law for genres, artists, albums, and songs, at an annual, 6‐months, 3‐months, 1‐month, and 1‐week period, with no indication of partitioned music listening. The implication is that musicians should try to reachallpotential listeners, regardless of what they already listen to. These findings contribute to the theoretical knowledge about duplication analyses of various durations, extend the contexts of choice behaviour that exhibit this pattern, and managerially, to knowledge about the extent of potential audiences and ‘share of ear’ competition.
Hybrid approach for harmony transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement
Authors: Shibbani Kamel , Aboulhosn Jamil , Levi Daniel , Mohammad Nijres Bassel , Blais Benjamin , Karimi Mohsen , Van Arsdell Glen , Aldoss Osamah
Published: November 2022

The Harmony™ Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve (Medtronic) was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement in native right ventricular outflow tracts. Despite this milestone, some patients have main pulmonary arteries that are severely dilated and continue to require surgical pulmonary valve replacement. The hybrid approach combines surgical creation of a landing zone, transcatheter valve deployment, and suture stabilization of the implanted valve. In this case series, we report the first use of a hybrid approach for Harmony™ transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement. Two cases are reported with varying approaches for surgical creation of a landing zone followed by successful placement of a Harmony™ valve.
Clinicopathological characteristics, treatments, and prognosis of breast ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion: A narrative review
Authors: Song Ge , Zhang Yongqiang
Published: November 2022

Background

Ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCIS‐MI) is defined as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with a microscopic invasive focus ≤1 mm in the longest diameter. The current literature is controversial concerning the clinical prognostic features and management of DCIS‐MI. This narrative review described recently reported literature regarding the characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of it.

Methods

Searching PubMed for relevant articles covering the period of 1982 to 2021 using the following terms by MeSH and free‐word: breast cancer, microinvasion, DCIS, DCIS‐MI, and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

Results

DCIS‐MI tends to express more aggressive pathological features such as necrosis, HER2+, ER‐ or PR‐, and high nuclear grade. The overall prognosis of DCIS‐MI is typically good, however, some indicators such as young age, HR‐, HER2+ and multimicroinvasive lesions, were associated with worse prognoses. And there are also conflicting results on the differences between the prognoses of DCIS‐MI and DCIS or T1a‐IDC. Postoperative chemotherapy and anti‐HER2 therapy still have uncertain benefits and are more likely to be used to treat high‐risk patients who are HR‐ orHER2+ to improve the prognosis.

Conclusion

DCIS‐MI has more aggressive pathological features, which may suggest its biological behavior is worse than that of DCIS and similar to early IDC. Although the overall prognosis of DCIS‐MI is good, when making decisions about adjuvant therapy clinicians need to give priority to the hormone receptor status, HER2 expression and axillary lymph node status of patients, because these may affect the prognosis and treatment response.
The effects of grazing cover crops on animal performance and soybean production
Authors: Rushing J. Brett , Bass Bronson S. , Lemus Rocky W. , Maples Joshua G. , Lyles Johnson C.
Published: November 2022

Grazing cover crops has the potential to offset costs incurred with cover crop establishment, thus incentivizing management adoption. Information regarding cover crop species in combination with grazing and their subsequent effects on soybean production is limited. A field trial was conducted in Newton, MS from 2019 to 2021 to assess these effects. Cover crop treatments included oats (Avena sativa L.; O), O + crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.; OC), and OC + radish (Raphanus sativus L.; OCR) and were applied in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Cover crops differed in nutritive analysis; O had significantly lower mean crude protein (CP), but greater total digestible nutrients (TDN). Weaned beef steers (Bos spp.) grazing cover crops had lower average daily gain (ADG) on the OCR treatment (3.03 lb hd−1 d−1), compared to O (3.52 lb hd−1 d−1) and OC (3.55 lb hd−1 d−1). No significant difference was observed in soybean (Glycine max L.) grain yield between cover crop treatments. Mean yields were 51.1, 46.1, and 38.7 bu ac−1 for the O, OC, and OCR treatments, respectively. Total net returns above crop production costs were significantly lower in the OCR ($475.98 ac−1), compared to the O ($706.29 ac−1) and OC ($651.83 ac−1) treatments. Findings suggest grazing oats or a combination of oats and crimson clover as a cover crop with subsequent soybean production has the potential to increase net returns for livestock–row crop producers though other costs associated with grazing will still need to be considered.
Modelling of catalytic reactors containing core–shell pellets with various morphologies for series reactions
Authors: Cho Young‐Sang
Published: November 2022

Modelling of series reactions was performed for core–shell catalysts. Mathematical solutions of concentrations inside the pellets were derived from reaction–diffusion equations considering inert‐core thickness (ξc) for first‐order kinetics. Transient behaviours of catalytic reactors containing core–shell pellets were predicted, assuming pseudo‐steady state approximation. In a batch reactor, the removal rate of reactants increased with increasing Thiele modulus and decreasing ξc in the order of sphere > cylinder > slab. The transient concentration of the intermediate product was maximum and affected by the distribution coefficient, diffusivity ratio, particle shape, and ξc. In a continuously stirred tank reactor, the concentration was affected by feed rate and catalyst loading, and conversion could be enhanced by a cascade connection. In a fixed‐bed reactor, the concentration increased with increasing ξc due to an insufficient catalyst volume. Péclet number and particle shape also affected the concentration, implying that axial dispersion and interfacial area are important design parameters.
Risk of subsequent primary lymphoma in a cohort of 69,460 five‐year survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer in Europe: The PanCareSurFup study
Authors: Dudley Isabelle M. , Sunguc Ceren , Heymer Emma J. , Winter David L. , Teepen Jop C. , Belle Fabiën N. , Bárdi Edit , Bagnasco Francesca , Gudmundsdottir Thorgerdur , Skinner Roderick , Michel Gisela , Byrne Julianne , Øfstaas Hilde , Jankovic Momcilo , Mazić Maja Česen , Mader Luzius , Loonen Jaqueline , Garwicz Stanislaw , Wiebe Thomas , Alessi Daniela , Allodji Rodrigue S. , Haddy Nadia , Grabow Desiree , Kaatsch Peter , Kaiser Melanie , Maule Milena M. , Jakab Zsuzsanna , Gunnes Maria Winther , Terenziani Monica , Zaletel Lorna Zadravec , Kuehni Claudia E. , Haupt Riccardo , de Vathaire Florent , Kremer Leontien C. , Lähteenmäki Päivi M. , Winther Jeanette F. , Hjorth Lars , Hawkins Michael M. , Reulen Raoul C.
Published: November 2022

Background

Survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are at risk of developing non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) after treatment; however, the risks of developing subsequent primary lymphomas (SPLs), including HL and NHL, after different types of childhood cancer are unknown. The authors quantified the risk of SPLs using the largest cohort of childhood cancer survivors worldwide.

Methods

The Pan‐European Network for Care of Survivors After Childhood and Adolescent Cancer (PanCare) Survivor Care and Follow‐Up Studies (PanCareSurFup) cohort includes 69,460 five‐year survivors of childhood cancer, diagnosed during 1940 through 2008, from 12 European countries. Risks of SPLs were quantified by standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and relative risks (RRs) using multivariable Poisson regression.

Results

Overall, 140 SPLs, including 104 NHLs and 36 HLs, were identified. Survivors were at 60% increased risk of an SPL compared with the general population (SIR, 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–1.9). Survivors were twice as likely to develop NHL (SIR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.9–2.8), with the greatest risks among survivors of HL (SIR, 7.1; 95% CI, 5.1–10.0), Wilms tumor (SIR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.7–5.7), leukemia (SIR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.8–4.4), and bone sarcoma (SIR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4–5.4). Treatment with chemotherapy for any cancer doubled the RR of NHL (RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2–3.9), but treatment with radiotherapy did not (RR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.7–2.0). Survivors were at similar risk of developing a subsequent HL as the general population (SIR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8–1.5).

Conclusions

In addition to HL, the authors show here for the first time that survivors of Wilms tumor, leukemia, and bone sarcoma are at risk of NHL. Survivors and health care professionals should be aware of the risk of NHL in these survivors and in any survivors treated with chemotherapy.
An efficient underground water prediction using optimal deep neural network
Authors: Sureshkumar V. , Rajasomashekar S. , Sarala B.
Published: November 2022

For the humanity to the whole and all the creatures of this world, the underground water is the greatest resource to rely upon that highly forms an indispensable factor toward augmented livelihood. In spite of the lack of detailed knowledge, global warming is found to profoundly influence underground water resources through changes in underground water recharge. Prediction of the underground water under a changing climate is essential to living beings. In this article, underground water prediction using optimal deep neural networks (optimal DNN) has been attempted. Initially, the features of temperature and rainfall among the input data have been selected and after which, the chosen data have been fed to the DNN to predict the underground water. In DNN, weight parameters are optimally selected with the help of fish swarm optimization (FSO). The implementation has been done on MATLAB. The simulation results found that the proposed FSO‐DNN prediction approach outperforms the existing prediction approaches by 78.9% accuracy, 83% sensitivity, 88% specificity, 95.8% positive predictive values, 52.3% negative predictive values, and 95.8% F‐measure.
A multikey fully homomorphic encryption privacy protection protocol based on blockchain for edge computing system
Authors: Liao Junguo , Wang Haifeng , Wu June
Published: November 2022

In order to protect private data in edge computing system and ensure that ciphertexts encrypted under different keys can be processed in the cloud, we propose a privacy protection protocol for edge computing, which is based on blockchain technology and multikey fully homomorphic encryption (MFHE). By constructing a Merkle hash tree and saving the Merkle root node to the blockchain, the integrity of the data in edge nodes is protected. For the data with high computational complexity in edge nodes, the GSW fully homomorphic encryption scheme is employed to process the encrypted private data of a single edge node by the CMS. The LinkAlgo algorithm is applied to link different keys by the relation between them, which enables the CMS to process the encrypted private data of multiple edge nodes. The security analysis and performance evaluation of the proposed privacy protection protocol show that our protocol has high security and good efficiency.
Secondary caries in fixed dental prostheses: Long‐term clinical evaluation
Authors: Alenezi Ali , Alkhudhayri Omar , Altowaijri Fahad , Aloufi Lina , Alharbi Fatimah , Alrasheed Maha , Almutairi Hind , Alanazi Abdulltif , Yehya Mohammed , Al Asmari Dhafer
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Even with excellent fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), there will be a substantial risk of biological complications, such as caries, if proper oral hygiene is not maintained. This study aimed to evaluate the risks of developing secondary caries with FDPs in relation to the patient oral hygiene status.

Material and Methods

Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed for patients to collect data related to their FDP complications and oral hygiene status. The main clinical parameter analyzed was secondary caries. Complications such as a fracture, debonding, or the need for endodontic therapy were also analyzed. The interval survival rate and the cumulative survival rate of FDPs from the time of treatment to the time of follow‐up were analyzed.

Results

A total of 423 patients (with a total of 1116 FDPs) were examined in this study, with a mean age of 43.7 years and a mean follow‐up time of 7 years. Regarding complications, secondary caries was detected in 94 FDPs (8.4%), fracture (or chipping) in 85 (7.6%) cases, need for endodontic treatment in 42 cases (3.7%), and debonding in four (0.3%) cases. Secondary caries was found in nine out of 219 FDPs (4%) in patients with good oral hygiene, 35 out of 634 FDPs (5.5%) in patients with fair oral hygiene, and 50 out of 272 FDPs (18.4%) in patients with poor oral hygiene (p ≤ .001).

Conclusions

Good oral hygiene has a great influence on reducing the risk of secondary caries in patients with FDPs. The occurrence of secondary caries is a common complication in patients with poor oral hygiene.
Genetic characterization of downy mildew resistance from the hop (Humulus lupulus L.) line USDA 64035M
Authors: Olatoye Marcus O. , Wiseman Michele , Gent David H. , Henning John A. , Altendorf Kayla R.
Published: November 2022

Downy mildew (caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli) resistance (DMR) will facilitate the success of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) production in humid, temperate climates. However, DMR in hop has a narrow genetic base, and its genetic architecture is poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the genetic control of DMR using a biparental mapping population derived from a cross between a female, the susceptible cultivar ‘Comet,’ and a male plant, the resistant line USDA 64035M. Resistance was evaluated after inoculation with the downy mildew pathogen as disease severity and percent leaf area with sporulating lesions under greenhouse conditions. Significant (p value < 0.01) genotypic differences were observed for the traits. Broad‐sense heritability was 0.33 for disease severity and 0.72 for percent leaf area with sporulating lesions. Genome–phenome association between 4090 markers and 274 individuals identified three significant markers for disease severity and five for percent leaf area with sporulating lesions. Our study demonstrated that DMR was under polygenic control with small effect loci in this population. In addition, a pleiotropic locus on chromosome two was found to be associated with both disease severity and percent leaf area with sporulating lesions. Identifying the gene(s) underlying such a pleiotropic locus can help improve our understanding of hop response to pathogen infection.
Use‐oriented business model
Authors: Nyvall Moa , Zobel Thomas , Mark‐Herbert Cecilia
Published: November 2022

In a world of sustainability challenges, use‐oriented product‐service system seems promising to encourage resource efficiency. For this project, the concept is integrated in a sustainability‐oriented interpretation of the business model Canvas. The aim was to identify enabling factors with a use‐oriented business model. A case study was conducted on rental business models in the outdoors apparel industry in Scandinavia. The key findings indicate that companies introducing use‐oriented services struggle with increased transportation, linear technological systems, large financial capital needs and cultural barriers. To overcome these challenges the case study points to the importance of partnerships. Furthermore, this paper suggests expanding the Business Model Canvas framework with three additional elements: reduced material flows, reverse logistics and cultural adoption factor. The extended Canvas model can be used as a conceptual tool for companies when developing rental services.
Circulating CD22+/CD19−/CD24− progenitors and CD22+/CD19+/CD24− mature B cells: Diagnostic pitfalls for minimal residual disease detection in B‐lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Zhou Ting , Karrs Jeremiah , Ho Truc , Doverte Alyssa , Kochenderfer James N. , Shah Nirali N. , Yuan Constance M. , Wang Hao‐Wei
Published: November 2022

Background

Multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) has become a powerful tool in minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in B‐lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B‐ALL). In the setting of targeted immunotherapy, B‐ALL MRD detection often relies on alterative gating strategies, such as the utilization of CD22 and CD24. It is important to depict the full diversity of normal cell populations included in the alternative B‐cell gating methods to avoid false‐positive results. We describe two CD22‐positive non‐neoplastic cell populations in the peripheral blood (PB), including one progenitor population of uncertain lineage and one mature B‐cell population, which are immunophenotypic mimics of B‐ALL.

Methods

Using MFC, we investigated the prevalence and phenotypic profiles of both CD22‐positive populations in 278 blood samples from 52 patients with B‐ALL; these were obtained pre‐ and post‐treatment with CD19 and/or CD22 CAR‐T therapies. We further assessed whether these two populations in the blood were exclusively associated with B‐ALL or recent anticancer therapies, by performing the same analysis on patients diagnosed with other hematological malignancies but in long‐term MRD remission.

Results

The progenitor population and mature B‐cell population were detected at low levels in PB of 61.5% and 44.2% of B‐ALL patients, respectively. Both cell types showed distinctive and highly consistent antigen expression patterns that are reliably distinguishable from B‐ALL. Furthermore, their presence is not restricted solely to B‐ALL or recent therapy.

Conclusions

Our findings aid in building a complete immunophenotypic profile of normal cell populations in PB, thereby preventing misdiagnosis of B‐ALL MRD and inappropriate management.
Pilot‐aided 1 × 2 and 2 × 2 space‐time line code systems with transmit antenna selection
Authors: Xu Hongjun , Pillay Narushan , Yang Fengfan
Published: November 2022

The space‐time line code (STLC), which has been recently proposed in the literature, assumes fully known channel state information at the transmitter and not the receiver. However, the effective channel gain is still required at the receiver to coherently detect
‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation (
QAM) symbols. In this paper, we propose pilot‐aided STLC systems, which do not require the effective channel gain at the receiver to detect the
QAM symbols. In order to further improve the error performance of the proposed schemes, we present the pilot‐aided STLC systems with transmit antenna selection (TAS). Using a more direct and simpler approach, we derive the average symbol error probability (ASEP) of the coherent
STLC systems with TAS, which represents the lower bound of the pilot‐aided
STLC systems with TAS. For comparison, in a similar manner, we also derive the ASEP of the coherent
STLC systems without TAS, which represents the lower bound of the pilot‐aided
STLC systems. For pilot‐aided
STLC systems with TAS, the gap between the simulated symbol error rate (SER) and the derived theoretical ASEP lower bound is very small. For a given number of transmit antennas, the simulated SER and theoretical ASEP also show that the error performance of the pilot‐aided
STLC systems with or without TAS is superior to the pilot‐aided
STLC systems with TAS by at least 1.8 dB.
Distinct T cell subsets in adipose tissue are associated with obesity
Authors: Haugstøyl Martha E. , Cornillet Martin , Strand Kristina , Stiglund Natalie , Sun Dan , Lawrence‐Archer Laurence , Hjellestad Iren D. , Sparrelid Ernesto , Busch Christian , Hjelmesæth Jøran , Hertel Jens K. , Ponzetta Andrea , Mellgren Gunnar , Fernø Johan , Björkström Niklas K.
Published: November 2022

Adipose tissue inflammation is a driving factor for the development of obesity‐associated metabolic disturbances, and a role of adipose tissue T cells in initiating the pro‐inflammatory signaling is emerging. However, data on human adipose tissue T cells in obesity are limited, reflected by the lack of phenotypic markers to define tissue‐resident T cell subsets. In this study, we performed a deep characterization of T cells in blood and adipose tissue depots using multicolor flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. We identified distinct subsets of T cells associated with obesity expressing the activation markers, CD26 and CCR5, and obesity‐specific genes that are potentially engaged in activating pro‐inflammatory pathway, including ceramide signaling, autophagy, and IL‐6 signaling. These findings increase our knowledge on the heterogeneity of T cells in adipose tissue and on subsets that may play a role in obesity‐related pathogenesis.
Boron Catalysis in the Transformation of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Sawamura Masaya , Shimizu Yohei
Published: November 2022

Carboxylic acids, amides, and esters are ubiquitous motifs in functional organic molecules. However, the reactivities of these high oxidation state carbonyl compounds are far lower than ketones and aldehydes, and catalysts applicable to transform this class of carbonyl compounds are limited. On the other hand, boron catalysts have found various applications in the transformation of carbonyl compounds by taking advantage of the unique properties derived from their vacantp‐orbitals. The continuous advancement of boron catalysis has realized several unprecedented direct transformations of carboxylic acids, amides, and esters in the past decade. In this review, representative achievements of boron catalysis are summarized according to reaction types by focusing on their applications to non‐activated carboxylic acids, amides, and esters.
Fabrication and stabilization of green nanosilver using gardenia yellow natural dyes for efficient degradation of bacteria
Authors: Jiang Huiyu , Guo Rui , Zhang Heng , Lü Shaofang , Mia Rony , Yang Feng , Mahmud Sakil , Liu Huihong
Published: November 2022

The various applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are brutally hampered in the practical field due to their instability and aggregation features. Thus, highly stable colloidal AgNPs were produced in obedience to the principle of ‘green chemistry’ that uses natural dyes extracted from gardenia fruits as stabilizing and simultaneously as reducing agents. The effect of operating conditions on the synthesis of AgNPs was studied using a one‐variable‐at‐a‐time technique to maximize the growth of particles. The analysis of AgNPs produced at optimum reaction parameters discovered that the particles are face‐centered cubic metallic silver, mostly in spherical shapes, nano‐ranged in diameter (23.4 ± 6.4 nm) with a confined size distribution, enormously crystalline surface (d‐spacing = 0.233 nm), firmly stabilized (zeta potential = −29.0 mV) by a thin membrane of gardenia phytochemicals. They exhibited significant bacterial reduction inhibition against the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus owing to the strong antibacterial function of nanosilver.
Regenerative effect of pyramid solar still with incorporation of nickel oxide particles in the basin
Authors: Kavitha Sekar , Nagarajan Mony , Sengottaiyan Shanmugan
Published: November 2022

A study has been conducted with a square pyramid solar still with an introduction of 5 wt% of nickel oxide nanoparticles in the basin water of depth 0.02 m. The ratio of condensing to evaporating surface has been fixed as 3.5 to increase the temperature difference for faster evaporation. In addition, regenerative effect for the system has been carried out by arranging to flow the water over the condensing surface with a rate of 1.5 × 10−3 kg/s to reduce the temperature of the condensing surface. The combined regenerative effect and increase in condensing to evaporative surface increases the productivity of 45% greater than the ordinary square pyramid solar still. It is found that, the daily average efficiency of 39.8916% with distillate yield of 5.6 L/m2 day has been obtained for the proposed system. Numerical results of the thermal are intact with the experimental observations and model is recommended for simulation of the system in the locations having similar climatic condition and for the optimization of design parameters of the still.
Attention bias modification add‐on to inpatient treatment for young women with anorexia nervosa—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dikstein Hadar , Gilon‐Mann Tal , Halevi‐Yosef Roni , Enoch‐Levi Adi , Hamdan Sami , Gur Eitan , Haim Yair Bar , Lazarov Amit , Treasure Janet , Stein Daniel
Published: November 2022

Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) display elevated anxiety and attention biases (ABs) in threat processing. Attention bias modification treatment (ABMT) is considered promising for anxiety disorders, but its potential for AN is limited. In this study, 154 young women hospitalised because of AN were assigned to ED‐related and anxiety‐related threat stimuli, or to a non‐ABMT intervention control condition in a randomized control trial. Hundred‐and‐ten patients completed the study. ABMT was an add‐on to the regular inpatient treatment. Research participants completed two pretreatment training sessions and eight biweekly sessions of ABMT. AB, ED‐related symptoms, depression, anxiety and stress were assessed before and after ABMT in the research groups, and, similarly, 5 weeks apart, in the controls. We found that despite the different patterns of change in AB between the three groups following ABMT, the reduction in AB, or the between‐group differences in AB‐reduction, were not significant. While the severity of ED‐symptoms, depression, anxiety and stress was reduced following ABMT, or control condition, in all groups, there were no between‐group differences in these changes. Changes in AB were not correlated with baseline and pre‐post‐treatment changes in ED‐related and comorbid symptomatology. Methodological and inpatient treatment‐related considerations may explain our negative ABMT‐related results.
Wind power policies in China: Development themes, evaluation, and recommendations
Authors: Zhou Haiwei , Zhang Jichang , Zhao Youlin
Published: November 2022

The scale of wind power generation in China is increasing, and China has become the largest producer of wind power in the world. This is mainly due to government policy support, providing investors with sufficient incentive to invest. With the saturation of the market, the development of the wind power industry has encountered a bottleneck. Strengthening the market facilities will be the focus of the development of the wind power industry in China in the future. We collected wind power policies in China in the past 20 years, used a latent Dirichlet allocation theme model to find themes in the process of wind power policy continuation, and then constructed the policy modeling consistency index model to quantitatively evaluate the effects of these policies. Finally, we discuss the changes needed for China's wind power policy in the future. We suggest that to achieve the market‐oriented construction goal of wind power in China, future policy needs to strengthen the importance of market allocation, optimize the business environment, and improve the efficiency of resource utilization.
The value of experiments in futures and foresight science as illustrated by the case of scenario planning
Authors: Derbyshire James , Dhami Mandeep , Belton Ian , Önkal Dilek
Published: November 2022

An already pressing need to evidence the effectiveness of futures and foresight tools has been further amplified by the coronavirus pandemic, which highlighted more mainstream tools' difficulty with uncertainty. In light of this, the recent discussion in this journal on providing futures and foresight science with a stronger scientific basis is welcome. In this discussion critical realism has been proffered as a useful philosophical foundation and experiments a useful method for improving this field's scientific basis. Yet, experiments seek to isolate specific causal effects through closure (i.e., by controlling for all extraneous factors) and this may cause it to jar with critical realism's emphasis on uncertainty and openness. We therefore extend the recent discussion on improving the scientific basis of futures and foresight science by doing three things. First, we elaborate on critical realism and why the experimental method may jar with it. Second, we explain why the distinction between a conceptual and a direct replication can help overcome this jarring, meaning experiments can still be a valuable research tool for a futures and foresight science underpinned by critical realism. Third, we consider the appropriate unit of analysis for experiments on futures and foresight tools. In so doing, we situate the recent discussion on improving the scientific basis of futures and foresight science within the much longer running one on improving the scientific basis of business, management and strategy research more broadly. We use the case of scenario planning to illustrate our argument in relation to futures and foresight science.
Repetitive DNA is Functional and Encodes Parts of the Non‐Coding RNA Repertoire
Authors: Shapiro James A.
Published: November 2022

This is a commentary on the article by Eviatar Nevo and Kexin Li entitled “Sympatric Speciation in Mole Rats and Wild Barley and Their Genome Repeatome Evolution: A Commentary”, published recently in Advanced Genetics.
Coexistence of Carboniferous oceanic island basalts with Permian supra‐subduction zone ophiolites in the Changning–Menglian accretionary wedge: Implication for tectonic reconstruction
Authors: Liu Jinyu , Deng Jun , Wang Qingfei , Li Gongjian , Li Chusi , Ripley Edward M.
Published: November 2022

This paper reports two types of basalt that have different ages (Carboniferous and Permian) but occur next to each other in the northern part of the Changning–Menglian accretionary wedge, southwestern China. We use the geochronology and geochemical data to evaluate the tectonic evolution of the Palaeo‐Tethys during this period. Zircon grains from the mafic‐ultramafic rocks associated with the Permian basalts in the Xiaomengtai area yield a U–Pb age of 281 Ma and εHf(t) values from +9.2 to +12.8. The Permian mafic‐ultramafic rocks and the associated basalts are all characterized by normal mid‐ocean ridge basalt (N‐MORB)‐like chondrite‐normalized rare earth elements patterns, moderately negative Nb‐Ta anomalies in the mantle‐normalized immobile incompatible trace element patterns, and positive εNd(t) values from +4.2 to +6.5, which are consistent with the geochemical characteristics of mafic‐ultramafic rocks in supra‐subduction zone (SSZ)‐type ophiolite. On the contrary, the Carboniferous basalts, which are associated with marine carbonates, are characterized by light REE enrichments, slightly positive Nb‐Ta anomalies, and εNd(t) values from +2.8 to +4.0. These features are similar to those of typical oceanic island basalts (OIBs) worldwide. Modelling results using REEs show that the parental magmas for the Carboniferous OIBs and the Permian basalts were likely derived from mantle peridotites at the depths of garnet and spinel stability, respectively, consistent with the formation depth of these two different types of basalt globally. The occurrence of these two different types of mafic‐ultramafic rocks with significantly different ages in the same area supports the view that they are the remnants of the accreted Palaeo‐Tethys oceanic crust. The Carboniferous OIBs are considered to be parts of an OIB‐carbonate seamount chain that originally formed in the southern part of the Palaeo‐Tethys. The Permian mafic‐ultramafic rocks are regarded as fragments of SSZ‐type ophiolites that were present in the northern part of the Palaeo‐Tethys. These different pieces of oceanic crust were accreted to the Simao–Indochina continental Block by subduction between the Late Permian and the Triassic.
Integrated foraminiferal biostratigraphy, bioevents and sea‐level reconstruction in the Campanian–Maastrichtian succession at Gabal Nezzazat, south‐western Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Shahin Abdalla
Published: November 2022

The foraminiferal assemblages are tracked in the Campanian–Early Danian succession at Gabal Nezzazat, south‐western Sinai, Egypt. Lithostratigraphically, the studied succession overlies the nearly barren Matulla Formation and includes the Sudr Chalk (Campanian–Maastrichtian) below and the lower part of the Dakhla Shale (Maastrichtian–Early Danian) above. Biostratigraphically, the planktonic foraminiferal assemblages enabled the recognition of 15 planktonic foraminiferal biozones ranging from the Lower Campanian Globotruncanita elevata Zone at the base to the Lower Danian Guembelitrea cretacea Zone at the top. The proposed planktonic biozones are compared with their equivalents in other Egyptian regions and globally correlated with their equivalents within the Tethyan Province and the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The vertical stratigraphic range of Bolivinoides allowed the recognition of eight benthic foraminiferal biozones. These benthic biozones show a similarity between the Tethyan Province and the Boreal and Western Interior successions. Fifteen lowest occurrence and two highest occurrence planktonic foraminiferal bioevents are also recognized and correlated all over the world. The stage boundaries are mainly delineated according to the diagnostic planktonic foraminifera. Based on the percentage of planktonics, the palaeobathymetry is estimated and hence the sea‐level fluctuation. The reconstructed sea‐level curve revealed seven sea‐level fall events within the Campanian and five within the Maastrichtian and the earliest Danian. These events were globally correlated and match in most parts with that of the worldwide sea‐level curve.
HT–MP metamorphism in Central Qilian Block, NE Tibet Plateau: Implications on the tectonic evolution of the Qilian Orogen
Authors: Sun Yi , Niu Manlan , Yan Zhen , Palin Richard M. , Li Xiucai , Li Chen
Published: November 2022

The metamorphism of the Central Qilian Block in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau records a complete tectonic history of the Qilian Orogen. Here, results of structural measurements, geochronological data, and thermobarometry for metamorphic rocks in the Central Qilian Block were presented, which trace the tectonic evolution of the Qilian Orogen. New U–Pb dating of detrital zircon from one paragneiss shows a main age population between c. 1500 and c. 1250 Ma, with the youngest age of 1085 Ma. This unit was intruded by an orthogneiss which has a U–Pb weighted mean age of 920 ± 18 Ma. Together with c. 1200–1000 Ma ages from inherited zircon cores in amphibolites, these results indicate that the protoliths of the Huangyuan Group were formed during the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic. Rims of these zircons obtain tightly constrained and concordant ages ranging from c. 459 to c. 427 Ma, with a weighted mean age of c. 450 Ma. Phase equilibrium modelling and conventional thermobarometry jointly indicate high‐temperature/medium‐pressure HT–MP metamorphism along a clockwise pressure–temperature (P–T) path at c. 450 Ma, passing through prograde conditions of 7.8–8.0 kbar and 620–650°C to peak conditions of ~7 kbar and ~780–800°C. Together with documented widespread metamorphism, magmatism, and ductile shear belts, these new results reassert that the Central Qilian Block experienced a three‐stage tectono‐metamorphic evolution during the Early Palaeozoic and the HT–MP metamorphism of Huangyuan Group was developed by a continental collision geodynamic setting with coeval mafic and granitic magmatism.