bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Behavioral Intervention in a Juvenile Detention Center: Do Individual Characteristics Matter?
Authors: Pederson Casey A. , Fite Paula J. , Weigand Pam D. , Myers Holly , Housman Leigh
Published: August 2019

A sample of 129 (73% male) youth admitted consecutively into a juvenile detention center were used to examine individual characteristics that contribute the implementation of a behavioral intervention within a juvenile detention center. Given that a system of rewards and punishments is considered the mechanism of change within many behavioral interventions, individuals risk characteristics (i.e., proactive and reactive aggression, behavioral inhibition, subsystems of behavioral activation, callous–unemotional traits, perceived containment) were examined in relation to the rewards (i.e., positive feedback) and punishments (i.e., fines) used by the facility. Data were collected via structured interviews with youth and archival data. The number of days youth spent in detention was the only predictor of positive feedback received. Number of days in detention, sex, and race were related to fines. Behavioral activation drive was the only individual characteristic related to fines. Implications of findings are discussed.
Hypothalamic regulation of headache and migraine
Authors: May Arne , Burstein Rami
Published: August 2019

Background

The clinical picture, but also neuroimaging findings, suggested the brainstem and midbrain structures as possible driving or generating structures in migraine.

Findings

This has been intensely discussed in the last decades and the advent of modern imaging studies refined the involvement of rostral parts of the pons in acute migraine attacks, but more importantly suggested a predominant role of the hypothalamus and alterations in hypothalamic functional connectivity shortly before the beginning of migraine headaches. This was shown in the NO-triggered and also in the preictal stage of native human migraine attacks. Another headache type that is clinically even more suggestive of hypothalamic involvement is cluster headache, and indeed a structure in close proximity to the hypothalamus has been identified to play a crucial role in attack generation.

Conclusion

It is very likely that spontaneous oscillations of complex networks involving the hypothalamus, brainstem, and dopaminergic networks lead to changes in susceptibility thresholds that ultimately start but also terminate headache attacks. We will review clinical and neuroscience evidence that puts the hypothalamus in the center of scientific attention when attack generation is discussed.
Exposure to American Football and Neuropsychiatric Health in Former National Football League Players: Findings From the Football Players Health Study
Authors: Roberts Andrea L. , Pascual-Leone Alvaro , Speizer Frank E. , Zafonte Ross D. , Baggish Aaron L. , Taylor Herman , Nadler Lee M. , Courtney Theodore K. , Connor Ann , Grashow Rachel , Stillman Alexandra M. , Marengi Dean A. , Weisskopf Marc G.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Former American football players have a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment than that of the US general population. It remains unknown what aspects of playing football are associated with neuropsychiatric outcomes.

Hypothesis:

It was hypothesized that seasons of professional football, playing position, and experience of concussions were associated with cognition-related quality of life (QOL) and indicators of depression and anxiety.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

The authors examined whether seasons of professional football, playing position, and experience of concussions, as measured by self-report of 10 symptoms, were associated with cognition-related QOL and indicators of depression and anxiety in a cross-sectional survey conducted 2015 to 2017. Cognition-related QOL was measured by the short form of the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders: Applied Cognition–General Concerns. The Patient Health Questionnaire–4 measured depression and anxiety symptoms. Of 13,720 eligible men with apparently valid contact information, 3506 players returned a questionnaire at the time of this analysis (response rate = 25.6%).

Results:

Seasons of professional play (risk ratio [RR] per 5 seasons = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.06-1.34) and playing position were associated with cognition-related QOL. Each 5 seasons of play was associated with 9% increased risk of indicators of depression at borderline statistical significance ( P = .05). When compared with former kickers, punters, and quarterbacks, men who played any other position had a higher risk of poor cognition-related QOL, depression, and anxiety. Concussion symptoms were strongly associated with poor cognition-related QOL (highest concussion quartile, RR = 22.3, P < .001), depression (highest quartile, RR = 6.0, P < .0001), and anxiety (highest quartile, RR = 6.4, P < .0001), even 20 years after last professional play.

Conclusion:

The data suggest that seasons of play and playing position in the NFL are associated with lasting neuropsychiatric health deficits. Additionally, poor cognition-related QOL, depression, and anxiety appear to be associated with concussion in the long term.
Testis biopsy in absolute head teratospermia: Is it a logical option?
Authors: Shakhssalim Nasser , Sadeghi Mohamad Reza , Akhondi Mohammad Mehdi , Akhavizadegan Hamed
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Absolute head teratospermia (100% abnormal head morphology) is associated with poor fertility and assisted reproductive techniques results. We aimed to find if it is possible to bypass this disorder using sperm retrieved by testis biopsy.

Methods:

Multiple testis biopsies were performed in patients with infertility and absolute head teratospermia who were not able to provide semen on the injection day from 2006 to 2018. Then, the found sperms were evaluated based on being proper or not proper for intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Results:

Only 2 patients, of a total of 22 (9%), had relatively proper sperms for microinjection.

Discussion:

There is no benefit to performing testis biopsy in non-azoospermic patients with absolute abnormal head morphology.
Waste analysis and characterisation study of a hill station: A case study of Baguio City, Philippines
Authors: Lunag Marcelino N , Duran Jeffrey Z , Buyucan Eugene D
Published: August 2019

A waste analysis and characterisation study requires urgent measures to regulate and to solve the piling up of garbage worldwide; this is an essential factor towards the projection of a feasible and environmentally acceptable solution. Baguio City is a favourite holiday destination during summer in the Philippines; initially designed as a hill station for 25,000 people, its population has now risen to 345,400, which doubles and even triples during peak seasons. As such, this study was conducted to determine the levels of waste generation and assess the current diversion method of its municipal solid waste to prevent the town from further deteriorating into unsustainable urbanisation. The results revealed that the total waste generated is 402,776.38 kg per day, wherein the average per capita waste generation for domestic sources is 0.4193 kg per day. Solid waste is composed of biodegradables (41.67%), recyclables (33.78%), residuals (24.15%) and special wastes (0.40%), with the average moisture level of the solid waste sample at 57.462%. With tourists contributing 19.69% of those wastes during peak events, the only recoverable wastes were biodegradables and recyclables, which have a diversion percentage of 23.28%. The study recommends to the city of Baguio to have its own engineered sanitary landfill, simulated GIS-based collection system and expanded waste recovery facility, to increase waste-diversion percentages and to decrease its expenditure for hauling, collecting, storing and transporting its solid waste, in order to adhere to its mission of creating a sustainable and enabling environment.
Residuality and Inconsistency in the Interpretation of Socio-Theoretical Systems
Authors: Bouzanis Christoforos , Kemp Stephen
Published: August 2019

This article addresses the interpretation and criticism of theoretical systems. Its particular focus is on how to assess the success of theories in dealing with some specific phenomenon. We are interested in how to differentiate between cases where a theory offers an unsatisfactory acknowledgment of a specified phenomenon and those where a theory offers a deeper, more systematic understanding. We address these metatheoretical issues by developing Parsons’s analysis of positive and residual categories in various respects, including a focus on mutual support as the basis of positivity, differentiating synectic (reconcilable) and antinomic (irreconcilable) residual categories, and distinguishing divisions that are central to systems from those between center and periphery. We also consider how this conceptual toolkit can be put into practice.
Thick Concepts and Sociological Research
Authors: Abend Gabriel
Published: August 2019

I consider how to do sociological things with thick concepts, what’s the relation between thick concepts and social facts, what’s unique about thick concepts, and what’s unique about creatures in whose lives there are thick concepts.
Prevalence and Mechanisms of Discrimination: Evidence from the Ride-Hail and Taxi Industries
Authors: Brown Anne E.
Published: August 2019

Ride-hail services, including Uber and Lyft, have upended the taxi industry, but it remains unclear whether ride-hailing, like taxis, discriminates against riders based on race. To understand whether and when discrimination manifests in for-hire vehicle services, I conducted an audit of Uber, Lyft, and taxis in Los Angeles. Discrimination against black taxi riders resulted in far higher rates of trip cancellation and longer wait times compared with white riders. By contrast, ride-hailing dramatically reduced differences between riders. Findings suggest that discrimination occurs when people learn of rider characteristics and yield implications for how planners can use technology to deter discrimination.
Grounded Nationalisms' political grounding?
Authors: Riga Liliana
Published: August 2019

This commentary argues that Grounded Nationalisms is both empirically and theoretically sophisticated, not least for showing substantively how nationalism has become a crucial form of modern subjectivity. This argument is suggestive, too, for understanding how this subject/ivity is underpinned by nationalism’s political – not economic or developmental – functionalism in the modern era. Yet there is still great scope for better grasping the critical ways in which ‘race’ – nation’s politically functional twin in modern subjectivity – can be similarly grounded and similarly defines drives for homogeneity.
Predicting Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Lactate, Need for Vasopressors, and Cytochrome c
Authors: Cocchi Michael N. , Salciccioli Justin , Yankama Tuyen , Chase Maureen , Patel Parth V. , Liu Xiaowen , Mader Timothy J. , Donnino Michael W.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Outcome prediction after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is difficult. We hypothesized that lactate and need for vasopressors would predict outcome, and that addition of a mitochondrial biomarker would enhance performance of the tool.

Methods:

Prospective observational study of OHCA patients presenting to an academic medical center September 2008 to April 2016. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regressions.

Results:

Patients were divided based on 2 variables: vasopressor status and initial lactate (<5 mmol/L, 5-10, ≥10). Three hundred fifty-two patients were evaluated; 249 had a lactate within 3 hours and were included. Patients on vasopressors had higher mortality (74% vs 40%; P < .001). A stepwise increase in mortality is associated with increasing lactate (45% lactate <5, 66% 5-10, and 83% ≥10; P < 001). Multivariable models with lactate group and vasopressors as predictors demonstrated excellent discrimination (area under the receiver operating curve [AUC]: 0.73 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.66-0.79]; adjusted for additional covariates: AUC: 0.81 [95% CI: 0.75-0.86]). Thirty-six patients had cytochrome c levels available; among these 36, when comparing models with and without cytochrome c, there was no difference (AUC: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.76-1.00] vs AUC: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.73-0.98], respectively; P = .30).

Conclusion:

In this prospective validation, the combination of lactate and vasopressors in the immediate postarrest period is predictive of mortality. Cytochrome c offered minimal additional predictive power.
Likelihood of Arrest for Robberies, Assaults, and Sexual Offenses Committed by Group and Lone Offenders
Authors: Terranova Victoria A. , Vandiver Donna M. , Stafford Mark C.
Published: August 2019

Many criminologists have considered the role of groups in the commission of crime to gain insight into offender decision-making. Additional research is needed, however, that examines the likelihood of arrest as a function of whether an offense is committed by a group of offenders (two or more offenders in a criminal incident) or a lone offender, as well as the number of offenders in the group. Using 3 years of data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System for robbery incidents, assault incidents, and sexual offenses, the study finds that the relative likelihood of arrest for group-offender incidents, compared with lone-offender incidents, varies by incident type. For robbery incidents, the likelihood of arrest increases when committed by a group of offenders. Yet, for assault incidents and sexual offenses, the likelihood of arrest decreases when committed by a group of offenders. Further analysis looks more closely at incidents committed by a group of offenders and how the number of offenders in the group affects the likelihood of arrest. A consistent finding is that for each incident type, the likelihood that all offenders in a group will be arrested is lower as the number of offenders increases, which may justify offenders’ perceptions of “safety in larger numbers.”
Why Do They Sew? Women’s Motivations to Sew Clothing for Themselves
Authors: Martindale Addie , McKinney Ellen
Published: August 2019

Garment sewing is undergoing a resurgence in participation, with a growing number of women choosing to sew their clothing instead of buying readily available fast fashion. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the current motivations of an ethnically diverse sample of women who sew garments for themselves. The in-depth interview data from 15 interviews revealed personal fulfillment to be the overarching reason for participation. Personal fulfillment was achieved through main emergent themes of investment, control, and empowerment with 10 subthemes. Theoretical perspectives of prosumerism, craft and do-it-yourself consumption, and uses and gratification theory were applied to the emergent themes to interpret the motivations of these women to sew garments for themselves. A model of sewing motivations for female garment sewing was developed to illustrate the connection between the emergent themes’ contribution to the women’s personal fulfillment and recurring cycle that takes place each time the women create a new garment for themselves.
Finite element analysis of polyethylene wear in total hip replacement: A literature review
Authors: Wang Lin , Isaac Graham , Wilcox Ruth , Jones Alison , Thompson Jonathan
Published: August 2019

Evaluation and prediction of wear play a key role in product design and material selection of total hip replacements, because wear debris is one of the main causes of loosening and failure. Multifactorial clinical or laboratory studies are high cost and require unfeasible timeframes for implant development. Simulation using finite element methods is an efficient and inexpensive alternative to predict wear and pre-screen various parameters. This article presents a comprehensive literature review of the state-of-the-art finite element modelling techniques that have been applied to evaluate wear in polyethylene hip replacement components. A number of knowledge gaps are identified including the need to develop appropriate wear coefficients and the analysis of daily living activities.
Brownfield, greenfield, and renewable energy consumption: Moderating role of effective governance
Authors: Yahya Farzan , Rafiq Muhammad
Published: August 2019

This study investigates the influence of greenfield investment and brownfield investment on renewable energy consumption along with the moderating effect of government effectiveness in 68 countries over the period 2013 to 2014. In order to evaluate more holistic view of the empirical model, we further divide our data into two sub-panels based on country risk. By applying the system-GMM technique to mitigate statistical biases including endogeneity, the empirical results show that brownfield and greenfield investment positively influences renewable energy consumption in global and low-risk panel. However, there is no statistically significant effect of brownfield investment and adverse effect of greenfield investment on renewable energy consumption in low-risk countries. Results also show that effective governments promote the use of renewable energy but it does not moderate the relationship between brownfield investment and renewable energy consumption. On the other hand, government effectiveness strengthens the positive association between greenfield investment and renewable energy consumption in global and low-risk panel, while weakens the negative link between these variables in high-risk countries. Policy implications of our results are also discussed.
A review on control-relevant glucose–insulin dynamics models and regulation strategies
Authors: Bhonsle Sakshi , Saxena Sahaj
Published: August 2019

This article presents a state-of-the-art review on automated control of blood sugar, especially for Type 1 diabetic patients. A brief introduction is provided so as to justify how this biomedical issue proves to be a control system problem in sense of blood glucose regulation. Various mathematical models and control strategies that have been used in recent research work for automated insulin delivery are discussed. An attempt has been made to provide a structural survey of research done till date in the development of artificial pancreas system. At the end, a general idea is presented on how control system can be designed for this biomedical control problem by employing Bergman’s minimal model for blood glucose regulation and an internal model–based proportional–integral controller is designed. The controller exhibits faster response in maintaining the blood glucose when compared with other existing techniques.
Career development for doctoral and postdoctoral trainees in Canada
Authors: Chen Charles P , Lalovic Aleksandra
Published: August 2019

The career landscape for doctoral and postdoctoral trainees has significantly changed in recent decades. There is now an oversupply of PhD graduates in the science and engineering fields relative to the availability of academic positions, and jobs outside of academia have now become the norm. Doctoral training programmes have failed to keep pace with this change, and many trainees who are forced to rethink academic career aspirations feel unprepared for today’s job market. Intertwined with this are challenges associated with life stage and school-to-work transition, which make the career development issues facing doctoral and postdoctoral trainees unique and complex. The aim of this article is to shed light on these issues and to examine them through the lens of career development theories. Social cognitive career theory offers insight into the factors that influence career development in doctoral and postdoctoral trainees, and narrative career counselling can serve as a valuable intervention for this population to help shape their future career, whether within or outside of academia.
The effects of career interventions on university students’ levels of career decision-making self-efficacy: A meta-analytic review
Authors: Ozlem Ulas-Kilic
Published: August 2019

Career decision-making self-efficacy is one of the key concepts in the social cognitive theory; thus, programs to develop it must be informed by the best available evidence. To this end, a meta-analysis was undertaken to determine the extent to which different career interventions affect university students’ levels of career decision-making self-efficacy. The existing literature was first reviewed, and 20 studies were included in the analysis based on a set of specific criteria. The studies selected for the meta-analysis were (a) experimental or quasi-experimental research and had a control group or a group that could be considered a comparison group, (b) reported what could be conceived as effects of career interventions on career decision-making self-efficacy, (c) recruited university students as participants, and (d) were published in English. Effect sizes were calculated using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, and the results showed that career interventions were associated with a large increase in university students’ levels of career decision-making self-efficacy.
Perceptions of academic tenure, post-tenure review policies, and organisational commitment in university academic staff
Authors: Obeng Kofi , Ugboro Isaiah O
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the relationships between perceptions of academic tenure, post-tenure review policies, and three dimensions of organisational commitment (affective, continuance, and normative) in university academic staff. We surveyed a sample of 150 academic staff from 74 universities in the USA that have implemented post-tenure review policies or are contemplating doing so. Then, we tested hypotheses about the relationships between their perceptions of their post-tenure review policies and processes, and organisational commitment. The results showed that perceptions of post-tenure review as a threat to the guarantees of academic tenure were related negatively to affective and normative organisational commitment. The implications of these findings for employment stability and the ability of universities to attract and retain qualified staff are discussed.
Principle and structure of a printed circuit board process–based piezoelectric microfluidic pump integrated into printed circuit board
Authors: Wang Dai-Hua , Tang Lian-Kai , Peng Yun-Hao , Yu Huai-Qiang
Published: August 2019

Considering mature printed circuit board processes, researches on microfluidic pumps that can be integrated into printed circuit board will provide a solution for further miniaturization and integration of microfluidic systems with low costs. The principle and structure of a printed circuit board process–based piezoelectric microfluidic pump integrated into printed circuit board are proposed and realized in this article. The printed circuit board process–based design and manufacturing technology of a piezoelectric microfluidic pump integrated into printed circuit board is researched utilizing printed circuit board as a platform. The flow characteristics of the fabricated microfluidic pump are experimentally tested. The research results show that the proposed principle and structure of the piezoelectric microfluidic pump can be fabricated utilizing mature printed circuit board process with advantages of simple structure and convenient processing. The fabricated printed circuit board process–based microfluidic pump can linearly pump in and pump out fluid with self-injection. Moreover, the flow rate and back pressure can be controlled by changing the peak-to-peak value, frequency, and phase difference of the driving voltages. The instantaneous flow rate has the pulsation property consistent with the drive voltage frequency. The proposed principle and structure are beneficial to integrate the fabricated printed circuit board process–based microfluidic pump with other microfluidic components to realize complicated microfluidic systems on printed circuit board.
Risks of Cardiovascular Disease and Beyond in Prescription of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Rane Manas A. , Gitin Alexander , Fiedler Benjamin , Fiedler Lawrence , Hennekens Charles H.
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include aspirin, naproxen, diclofenac, and ibuprofen, as well as selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors such as celecoxib. Their use is common, as well as their side effects which cause 100 000 hospitalizations and 17 000 deaths annually. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration strengthened its warning about the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) attributed to nonaspirin NSAIDs.

Methods:

When the sample size is large, randomization provides control of confounding not possible to achieve with any observational study. Further, observational studies and, especially, claims data have inherent confounding by indication larger than the small to moderate effects being sought.

Results:

While trials are necessary, they must be of sufficient size and duration and achieve high compliance and follow-up. Until then, clinicians should remain uncertain about benefits and risks of these drugs. Conclusions: Since the totality of evidence remains incomplete, health-care providers should consider all these aforementioned benefits and risks, both CVD and beyond, in deciding whether and, if so, which, NSAID to prescribe. The factors in the decision of whether and, if so, which NSAID to prescribe for relief of pain from inflammatory arthritis should not be limited to risks of CVD or gastrointestinal side effects but should also include potential benefits including improvements in overall quality of life resulting from decreases in pain or impairment from musculoskeletal pain syndromes. The judicious individual clinical decision-making about the prescription of NSAIDs to relieve pain based on all these considerations has the potential to do much more good than harm.
The Effects of Uncertainty Frames in Three Science Communication Topics
Authors: Gustafson Abel , Rice Ronald E.
Published: August 2019

While uncertainty is central to science, many fear negative effects of communicating scientific uncertainties to the public, though research results about such effects are inconsistent. Therefore, we test the effects of four distinct uncertainty frame types (deficient, technical, scientific, consensus) on three outcomes (belief, credibility, behavioral intentions) across three science issues (climate change, GMO food labeling, machinery hazards) with an experiment using a national sample ( N = 2,247) approximating U.S. census levels of age, education, and gender. We find portraying scientific findings using uncertainty frames usually does not have significant effects, with an occasional exception being small negative effects of consensus uncertainty.
Making Kin With Comprehensive Exams: Producing Scholar in Intra-Action
Authors: Cannon Susan Ophelia
Published: August 2019

This article is the response to a comprehensive exam question, and it exposes what is produced through the formal and informal practices of comprehensive exams and, further, asks how we might start somewhere else with comprehensive exams—a place that takes into consideration the exam as part of a posthuman, performative, and productive intra-action. The manuscript is an experiment in diffractive writing drawn from diffractive reading practices. The texts and images foreground comprehensive exams as all-encompassing and inseparable from all the myriad stuff of life, even as we are encouraged to put our lives on hold to get them done.
Workshop on Encounter of the third kind on Generalized continua and microstructures in Arpino, 3–7 April 2018: A review of presentations and discussions
Authors: Laudato Marco , De Angelo Michele
Published: August 2019

The present article is a rational report of the workshop Encounter of the third kind on Generalized continua and microstructures (Arpino, 3–7 April 2018). The main goal of the workshop was to gather together experts in the framework of generalized continuum theories and microstructured materials to discuss and analyse the recent advancements in the field. The interested reader will find in this article a general discussion of the motivations and of the main topics discussed during the workshop as well as a detailed report of the talks and the relative bibliography. All the talks have been recorded and it is possible to watch them on the M&MOCS YouTube channel at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWzlK5oO41smkt5HtiDQJV7nsbz5wnD01
Microwave-assisted extraction for recovery of polyphenolic antioxidants from ripe mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel using lactic acid/sodium acetate deep eutectic mixtures
Authors: Pal Chandra Bhushan T , Jadeja Girirajsinh C
Published: August 2019

The present study investigates recovery of polyphenolic compounds from ripe mango ( Mangifera indica L.) peel using deep eutectic solvents based on microwave-assisted extraction method. Lactic acid/sodium acetate/water (3:1:4) screened out from eight different types of deep eutectic solvent systems was used as extractant. A Box–Behnken design along with response surface methodology was applied to optimize the effect of microwave power (W), time (min), and liquid-to-solid ratio (mL g−1) on polyphenol extraction. The optimized conditions determined were power of 436.45 W, time of 19.66 min, and liquid-to-solid ratio of 59.82 mL g−1. Under the optimal conditions, the recovery of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity was 56.17 mg gallic acid equivalent g−1 dw, 683.27 µmol ascorbic acid equivalent g−1 dw, and 82.64 DPPHsc%, respectively. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed mangiferin as the prominent phenolic compound in the mango peel extracts. Microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction showed remarkable effects on the extraction efficiency of phenolic compounds as revealed from scanning electron microscopy analysis. Rancimat test results revealed that the oxidative stability almost doubled upon addition of purified mango peel extracts to the sunflower oil and thus paving way for the use of mango peel waste as a potential source of antioxidants.
Pars plana vitrectomy combined with irido-zonulo-hyaloidectomy for aqueous misdirection
Authors: Patel Shriji
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

To review the indications and necessary steps for successful irido-zonulo-hyaloidectomy in persistent aqueous misdirection.

Study design/materials and methods:

A 60-year-old woman was referred for persistent aqueous misdirection despite aggressive medical management. Her intraocular pressure would elevate with discontinuation of cycloplegics and her lens shifted anteriorly. She underwent standard 25g pars plana vitrectomy with irido-zonulo-hyaloidectomy.

Results:

The aqueous misdirection resolved with successful creation of the irido-zonulo-hyaloidectomy with noticeable deepening of the anterior chamber immediately. Vision improved to 20/30 and intraocular pressure was controlled without cycloplegics or ocular hypotensives.

Conclusion:

In persistent cases of aqueous misdirection unresponsive to medical management, irido-zonulo-hyaloidectomy is a useful adjunct to pars plana vitrectomy in ensuring resolution of the misdirection.
Early visual field changes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ozates Serdar , Simsek Mert , Elgin Ufuk , Keskin Melikşah , Aycan Zehra
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

To assess the visual field sensitivity changes and investigate the association between visual field sensitivity and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and methods:

In this cross-sectional and observational study, 46 patients (22 males, 24 females) with type 1 diabetes mellitus and no diabetic retinopathy formed the diabetes mellitus group and 50 age-matched healthy subjects (32 males, 18 females) formed the control group. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, full-threshold standard automated perimetry, and short-wavelength automated perimetry were performed. Main outcomes were retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, mean deviation, pattern standard deviation, and short fluctuation.

Results:

Average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was significantly thinner in the diabetes mellitus group (p < 0.001). The mean values of mean deviation and pattern standard deviation of the full-threshold standard automated perimetry did not differ between the groups (p = 0.179, p = 0.139, respectively). Mean short fluctuation was significantly greater in the diabetes mellitus group (p < 0.001). Both mean deviation and pattern standard deviation of the short-wavelength automated perimetry were significantly greater in the diabetes mellitus group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Pattern standard deviation of short-wavelength automated perimetry equal or higher than 1.57 dB had 91% sensitivity and 90% specificity (area under the curve = 0.969, p < 0.001) and short fluctuations of full-threshold standard automated perimetry equal or higher than 0.80 dB had 80% sensitivity and 76% specificity over detecting early retinal nerve fiber layer loss in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (area under the curve = 0.855, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

This study showed that thinner retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus may be associated with abnormal retinal sensitivity to short-wavelength stimulations in short-wavelength automated perimetry; however, retinal sensitivity to white stimulus was similar to that in healthy subjects in full-threshold standard automated perimetry.
Beyond therapists: Technology-aided physical MS rehabilitation delivery
Authors: Feys Peter , Straudi Sofia
Published: August 2019

In the last decade, rehabilitation technology has been developed, investigated, and entered specialized clinical settings. In this chapter, we first discuss the potential of rehabilitation technology to support the achievement of key factors in motor recovery, such as delivering massed practice with good movement quality but also question task-specificity and cognitive motor control mechanisms. Second, we discuss available technology-supported rehabilitation methods for improving gait, balance and fitness, and upper limb function. Finally, we discuss considerations in relation to the professional workforce in order to deliver optimal rehabilitation.
Beyond current research practice: Methodological considerations in MS rehabilitation research (is designing the perfect rehabilitation trial the Holy Grail or a Gordian knot?)
Authors: das Nair Roshan , de Groot Vincent , Freeman Jennifer
Published: August 2019

Rehabilitation is an essential aspect of symptomatic and supportive treatment for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The number of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for rehabilitation interventions in MS has increased over the last two decades. The design, conduct and reporting quality of some of these trials could be improved. There are, however, some specific challenges that researchers face in conducting RCTs of rehabilitation interventions, which are often ‘complex interventions’. This paper explores some of the challenges of undertaking robust clinical trials in rehabilitation. We focus on issues related to (1) participant selection and sample size, (2) interventions – the ‘dose’, content, active ingredients, targeting, fidelity of delivery and treatment adherence, (3) control groups and (4) outcomes – choosing the right type, number, timing of outcomes, and the importance of defining a primary outcome and clinically important difference between groups. We believe that by following internationally accepted RCT guidelines, by developing a critical mass of MS rehabilitation ‘trialists’ through international collaboration and by continuing to critique, challenge, and develop RCT designs, we can exploit the potential of RCTs to answer important questions related to the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions.
Beyond supervised therapy: Promoting behavioral changes in people with MS
Authors: Plow Matthew , Finlayson Marcia
Published: August 2019

A critical aspect of many rehabilitation interventions for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is incorporating strategies that support behavior change. The main purpose of this topical review was to summarize recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of rehabilitation interventions in which participants learn and apply skills or engage in healthy behaviors. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior (COM-B) framework was used to broadly classify behavior-change strategies. The included RCTs varied widely in terms of dosing, delivery format, and types of interventionist. Commonly used behavior-change strategies include education, persuasion, and training. We recommend that researchers and clinicians use frameworks like Behavior Change Wheel and Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy to describe and classify intervention strategies used to promote behavior change. We also recommend more sophisticated RCTs be conducted (e.g. sequential multiple assignment randomized trial and three-arm RCTs) to better understand ways of promoting behavior change in rehabilitation interventions.
Beyond standard rehabilitation programmes: Working with people with MS for adequate goal setting and rehabilitation treatment evaluation
Authors: Playford E Diane
Published: August 2019

Shared decision-making occurs when the decision is ‘preference sensitive’. It consists of identifying the different treatment options (choice talk), considering the advantages and disadvantages of each option (option talk), and then supporting making the decision in the light of an individual’s experiences and values (decision talk). It is most effective when working with an ‘activated patient’, that is, one who is prepared for the shared decision-making role. In rehabilitation, many decisions are preference sensitive. These decisions may be framed as ‘goal setting’. Skilled clinicians can support patients to learn goal setting skills until the person has the skills to maintain health supporting behaviours most of the time, only seeing a clinical team at times of change or crisis. The steps in goal setting can be summarised as building empathy, creating a contract, identifying priorities, summarising the conversation, articulating the goal, defining actions, building coping plans, and then reviewing progress. Working with people with MS can extend beyond working with individuals to a consideration of what people with MS want from services. This can result in the co-production and co-design of services, as well as the identification of research priorities as exemplified by the James Lind Alliance.
Centenary celebrations meet a farewell party: British-Czech bilateral relations in the times of Brexit
Authors: Brusenbauch Meislova Monika
Published: August 2019

2019 marks an especially important year for British-Czech bilateral relations. As a year of both centenary celebrations of opening of the British Embassy in Prague and Brexit, it makes for a fascinating paradox: a symbol of a century-long continuity on one hand and a year of serious disruption on the other hand. Against this background, the overarching aim of this article is to investigate Brexit implications for British-Czech bilateral relations, placing this assessment in the context of the long-term evolution of these relations and relating it to debates within the scholarship on the effects of Brexit. At the same time, it addresses some of the wider political questions that will determine the nature of Brexit’s supposed effects on the future direction of individual bilateral relations between the UK and EU27 member states.
Im/possibilities of refusing and choosing gender
Authors: Tudor Alyosxa
Published: August 2019

Looking from a critical race perspective at Wittig’s lesbian, in this article, I draw two conclusions. First, I suggest that it is actually trans exclusionary lesbians' own transphobia that makes them cis-gendered. And second, it becomes clear that the politicisation of choosing and refusing gender needs to acknowledge racism’s shaping role in the construction of gender. My approach not only intervenes in transphobic feminisms that are obsessed with simplistic understandings of sexual violence, but also questions rigid cis/trans binaries and rejects accounts of trans/gender that ignore the role of racialisation for the emergence of gender. The main question that I address is: how to conceptualise the complex im/possibilities of refusing and choosing in relation to gender? It is my aim to connect seemingly disparate knowledge productions on genderqueer, trans and other ‘impossible’ genders and sexualities. I am particularly interested in a phenomenon that can be described as ‘lesbian haunting’: the ambivalences one will find in tracing lesbian theory in relation to transing gender. With this, it is my attempt to rethink lesbian, queer and trans feminist approaches on violence, and to investigate the role of sexual violence within broader concepts of violence. More specifically, in order to understand both ‘gender’ and ‘transing gender’ as always already racialised, my approach builds on theories that identify ‘ungendering’ as an effect of normative racial violence (e.g. Spillers, 1987; Lewis, 2017; Snorton, 2017).
Studying health care institutions: Using paperwork as ethnographic research tools
Authors: van Eijk Marieke
Published: August 2019

Checklists, memos, reports, and other standardized forms take up much space on ethnographers’ desks and pervade the lives of their research respondents. Despite the omnipresence and significance of paperwork, methodological descriptions of how to use forms as ethnographic research tools remain limited, however. Drawing upon ethnographic fieldwork conducted at a US transgender clinic, I describe three techniques with which ethnographers can study documents, namely by tracing paper forms’ origins, studying norms inscribed in them, and examining how people use forms. These three techniques help capture the powerful consequences of, and ethical dilemmas embedded in, health care institutions’ documentary practices, dynamics that may be impacted by shifts toward the digitalization of paperwork. I propose that ethnographers are to expand their ethnographic toolbox to include attention to documents as central features of social and institutional life that enable and problematize human action and individual decision-making.
Spectral technologies, sonic motility, and the paranormal in Chile
Authors: Espirito Santo Diana
Published: August 2019

In this article I look at Chilean paranormal investigators in the capital—Santiago—and their apparatuses. I argue that these recording devices appear somehow as “vibrant” things, but they work in conjunction with others creating articulate living worlds. The first argument is that these articulations are made salient through sonic atmospheres—universes of sound that envelope a particular temporal moment, and that escape any single person’s volition or control. These atmospheres create sonic reverberations, in effect, momentary cosmologies, that bend, curve, and extend into the lives of the investigators that engage with them. My second argument is that these sonic atmospheres create worlds that are not taken for granted but subject to controversy, varying interpretations and sometimes, stabilizing concordances, and that need to be “transduced”.
The discovery of symbolic violence: How toddlers learn to prevail with words
Authors: Lignier Wilfried
Published: August 2019

Symbolic violence is not just a structural phenomenon, but also a social performance. How do we learn to perform it? The question is most appropriately addressed through an ethnographical study of young children (2–3 years old). Such a study showed that symbolic violence may be especially favored by toddlers as an alternative means of action when physical violence is institutionally relegated. Toddlers who enjoy sufficient symbolic resources—a matter of age, class, and gender—are able to appeal to the authority of adults, with this mediated symbolic violence serving to enhance their power over interactions. The exercise of a more immediate symbolic violence is also socially selective. It notably involves the capacity to recycle the speech in which adults exercise authority in line with one’s own practical goals, namely to actively reproduce a symbolic force that the toddlers had already experienced as passive objects of adult control.
Collecting self-report research data with people with dementia within care home clinical trials: Benefits, challenges and best practice
Authors: Perfect Devon , Griffiths Alys W , Vasconcelos Da Silva Miguel , Lemos Dekker Natashe , McDermid Joanne , Surr Claire A
Published: August 2019

One-third of people with dementia live in care home settings and in order to deliver better evidence-based care, robust research including clinical trials is required. Concerns have been raised by researchers about the capacity of care home residents with dementia to participate in clinical trials. This includes self-report measures, completion of which researchers have suggested may be unreliable or impossible and may cause distress for residents. Many trials, therefore, utilise only proxy completed outcome measures. This is despite evidence that individuals with mild through to advanced dementia can reliably report on outcomes, if appropriate measures and approaches to data collection are used. However, little has been written about best practice in data collection with this group. This study aimed to explore the experiences of researchers working on dementia trials in care homes and identify best practices to assist design of future trials. Thirty-three researchers completed an online, qualitative questionnaire outlining their experiences and the perceived benefits and challenges of data collection with people with dementia. We identified five main benefits: (1) improving the delivery of person-centred care, (2) hearing the voice of people with dementia, (3) residents spending time with researchers, (4) improving researcher understanding, and (5) having an evidence base from multiple sources. We also identified five main challenges: (1) effective communication, (2) fluctuating capacity, (3) causing distress to residents, (4) time pressures, and (5) staff availability. Researchers also made suggestions about how these can be overcome. We recommend that the challenges identified could be overcome using appropriate methods for collecting data. Thorough training for researchers on data collection with people with dementia was identified as important for ensuring successful data collection.
Twenty Years of Amos Research
Authors: Carroll R. M. Daniel
Published: August 2019

This article is a selective survey of the last twenty years of Amos research, which has witnessed robust discussion in multiple directions. It groups these trends into five very broad areas: (1) the possibility of positing an eighth-century setting for the prophet and the historical reliability of the book, (2) work on the redaction of the book and potential connections to the history of the composition of the Book of the Twelve, (3) theological themes of particular contemporary interest, (4) recent insights into the translation techniques of LXX Amos, and (5) the reception of Amos across the centuries, with a special focus on the views of women and minority and global communities. There is a range of scholarly positions in several of these areas and new questions being asked, all of which portends continued vitality in Amos research in the foreseeable future.
The (In)authenticity of 1 Thessalonians 2.13-16: A Review of Arguments
Authors: Jensen Matthew
Published: August 2019

This article critically reviews the arguments for and against the view that 1 Thess. 2.13-16 is a post-Pauline interpolation. It starts with the four arguments that are forwarded to promote the view that it is an interpolation: form-critical/literary, grammatical/syntactical, historical, and theological. After this, a briefer second section outlines the four arguments defending the authenticity of the verses: textual, contextual, traditional, and rhetorical.