bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception difference between users and information professionals: A case study of TaiPower
Authors: Yang Chyan , Wu Ching‐Yu
Published: January 2005

During the development of information systems, users and information professionals have lots of interactions such as interviews for information requirements, and discussions on specifications. Effective communications between these two types of people dictate the success of the system development. A more sophisticated factor that affects the success of the system development would be whether there is a perception gap between them. In a development team, users and information professionals may have different perceptions on the role and required skill sets of system analysts. This difference leads to different behavior. Likewise, when there is consistent perception of the users' involvement one can expect the reduction of the resistance to the system development. This research is to report the case of Taiwan Power Company on the perception difference between IT professionals and information systems users. By using multivariate analysis, this study found that there are significant differences regarding “the required skill sets of system analysts,” and “the expected role playing of system analysts.” However, there is no significant difference regarding the “non‐material motivation of system analysts.”
Homeland security and information control: A model of asymmetric information flows
Authors: Maxwell Terrence A.
Published: January 2005

In response to international terrorism, the United States government has actively sought to reorganize information flows to and from individuals, the media, and other nations. These government actions lead to information asymmetry, with certain realms becoming relatively ‘information poor.’ While the short‐term effects of asymmetrical information flows appear to be positive for the government, are relatively neutral for individuals and the media, they increase global distrust of US governmental actions, which may adversely affect global stability. Finally, any complete analysis of the impacts of controlling information flows must include an understanding of what constitutes security, and the appropriate balance between information disclosure and secrecy in a democratic society.
The library as a learning organization and the climate for updating in a period of rapidly changing technologies
Authors: Auster Ethel , Chan Donna C.
Published: January 2005

Rapidly changing technologies in libraries require continuous learning on the part of staff, particularly librarians, to keep up to date. This paper examines some of the factors affecting the participation of librarians in professional development activities. Reference librarians working in large urban public libraries in Ontario were surveyed in 2001. Data on their participation in formal and informal learning activities, together with information about their perceptions of their libraries' environment with respect to updating and learning were obtained from 553 respondents. The analysis shows that an environment which encourages learning plays a role in librarians' participation in professional development, particularly participation in informal learning activities, such as discussions with colleagues, reading and conference participation. Surprisingly, the climate for updating was found to reduce participation levels in informal activities. Having a supportive manager who provides feedback about job performance, assigns opportunities to develop and strengthen new skills and supports attempts to acquire additional training plays a positive role in the participation of reference librarians in informal professional development activities. If libraries are truly determined to become learning organizations, they must first examine their own culture of learning and climate for updating.
Lexical inference mechanisms for text understanding and classification
Authors: Figa Elizabeth , Tarau Paul
Published: January 2005

This paper describes a framework for building story traces (compact global views of a narrative) and story projections (selections of key elements of a narrative) and their applications in text understanding and classification. Word and sense properties are extracted from documents using the WordNet lexical database enhanced with Prolog inference rules and a number of lexical transformations. Inference rules are based on navigation in various WordNet relation chains (hypernyms, meronyms, entailment and causality links, etc.) and derived relations expressed as Boolean combinations of node and edge properties used to direct the navigation. The resulting abstract story traces provide a compact view of the underlying narrative's key content elements and a means for automated indexing and classification of text collections. Ontology driven projections act as a kind of “semantic lenses” and provide a means to select a subset of a narrative whose key sense elements are subsumed by a set of concepts, predicates and properties expressing the focus of interest of a user. Finally, we discuss applications of these techniques in text understanding, classification of text collections and answering questions about a text.
Experimental study of index terms and information access
Authors: Wacholder Nina , Liu Lu , Sharp Mark , Yuan Xiaojun , Song Peng
Published: January 2005

In this paper we report on the methodology used in an experiment whose objective was to discover whether information seekers display experimentally demonstrable preferences for index terms with particular properties, and if so, to analyze those preferences. For the experiment, we merged three sets of terms: two sets were identified automatically and one manually. 23 subjects used the merged list of terms via ESBI (Experimental Searching and Browsing Interface) to answer a predetermined set of questions of varying degrees of difficulty. By design, the interface discourages direct searching and forces users to access content indirectly via index terms. Our results provide strong evidence that it is indeed possible to measure human preference for index terms: subjects displayed a strong preference for the manual index terms, which on average were significantly longer and structurally more complex than the automatically identified terms. However, the automatically identified index terms were selected often enough to suggest that they too are of value. We discuss the design of the computer interface, the process of question selection, the preparation of the merged list of index terms, the techniques for assessment of question difficulty, the experimental protocol, and the methods we used for assessing the validity of the experimental results.
Understanding statistical concepts and terms in context: The GovStat ontology and the statistical interactive glossary
Authors: Haas Stephanie W. , Pattuelli Maria Cristina , Brown Ron T.
Published: January 2005

One of the problems that people have in using statistical information from government websites, is that the level of statistical knowledge in the general population is low. People's lack of statistical knowledge is a barrier to finding the statistics they need and understanding what the statistics mean and how to use them. We describe the Statistical Interactive Glossary (SIG), an enhanced glossary of statistical terms, and the GovStat ontology of statistical concepts which supports it. The overall goal of the glossary is to help users understand important statistical terms and concepts in the context in which they are used. We present a conceptual framework whose components articulate the different aspects of a term's basic explanation that can be manipulated to produce a variety of presentations. Developing the general explanation for each term involves three types of information: the content of the explanation, the context in which the explanation will be displayed, and the format in which the explanation will be delivered. Taxonomic relationships between concepts in the GovStat ontology support the provision of context‐specific presentations. These same relationships are also associated with explanation templates, which are patterns for defining or giving an example of a concept. We conclude by discussing evaluation of the SIG. The overarching criterion of effectiveness is whether the SIG helps users complete their statistical information tasks.
Toward machine understanding of information quality
Authors: Tang Rong , Ng K. B. , Strzalkowski Tomek , Kantor Paul B.
Published: January 2005

In this paper we report preliminary results of a study to develop, and subsequently to automate, new metrics for assessment of information quality in text documents, particularly in news. Through focus group studies, quality judgment experiments, and textual feature extraction and analysis, we were able to generate nine quality aspects and apply them in human assessments. Experts and students participated quality experiments, during which 1000 TREC documents were evaluated by participants from two sites–Albany and Rutgers. Data showed good interjudge agreement between judges from both sites. Principal component analysis revealed that the nine aspects form clusters of “content” and “presentation.” Automatic quality prediction has been derived based on statistical analysis on the association between textual features and human quality judgments.
Multi‐document summarization of dissertation abstracts using a variable‐based framework
Authors: Ou Shiyan , Khoo Christopher S. G. , Goh Dion H.
Published: January 2005

This paper reports initial work on developing a method for automatic construction of multi‐document summaries of sets of domain‐specific dissertation abstracts. A variable‐based framework for multi‐document summarization of dissertation abstracts in the field of sociology and psychology that makes use of the macro‐level and micro‐level discourse structure of dissertation abstracts as well as cross‐document structure is proposed. The micro‐level structure of problem statements found in a sample of 50 dissertation abstracts was analyzed, and the common features found are described. A list of indicator phrases that denote different aspects of the problem statements is provided.
Fast surfers, broad scanners and deep divers as users of information technology – Relating information preferences to personality traits
Authors: Heinström Jannica
Published: January 2005

This paper will discuss the influence of personality traits and approaches to studying on students' information‐seeking behavior, with a specific focus on their use of information technology. The results were obtained in a study of 305 university students who completed the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory measuring personality, the ASSIST test measuring approaches to studying and a questionnaire regarding information seeking behavior. Three information‐seeking patterns emerged from the analyses; Fast surfers, Broad scanners and Deep divers. These patterns could be related to different personality traits and study approaches. The influence of personality and study approaches on information‐seeking behavior points to the importance of customizing information services to meet individual needs.
Investigating Web searching behavior in home environments
Authors: Rieh Soo Young
Published: January 2005

The study investigated situational elements of the home as a Web use environment, examining how domestic settings influenced people's Web search activities and behaviors. Traditionally, information searches have been conducted in public places in quest of work‐ or school‐related information. However, as greater number of people gain access to the Internet at home, a shift has occurred in both location and purposes of Web searches from public to private venues and from work to personal interests. For this study, twelve participants in ten different households were recruited in northern California. The data were collected through semi‐structured interviews of an individual at home, and were based on a self‐reported “Search Activities Diary” kept over a 3–5 day period. Interviews were videotaped and then transcribed for content analysis. Findings indicated that the home, indeed, provides a unique search situation in which people conduct searches in different ways from those in the workplace. The subjects in this study searched on the Web more frequently, more briefly, and less intensely for broader and more diverse information. The study results have direct implications for design of Web search systems to support Web searching behaviors in home environments.
Structure of domain novice users' queries to a history database
Authors: Cole Charles , Leide John E. , Nwakamma Emeka , Beheshti Jamshid , Large Andrew
Published: January 2005

This paper presents an information need identification system for interactive information retrieval (IR) for undergraduates researching a history topic, called the INIIReye System. The overall purpose of the INIIReye System is to facilitate domain novice user identification of their information need while they are online interacting with the information store. Here, we give preliminary results from a study that narrows undergraduates' initial topic statements to information need statements. Students may use a faulty accessing point in their queries because before information need identification they base their queries on broad topic terms. We first categorize the type of query terms used by users of an historical database provider, to create a taxonomy of query terms. Next, we use a case study of a history student who visually represents the narrows his essay topic in a series of steps. We conclude that our query taxonomy must include levels of topic specificity because while general topic‐based queries are inappropriate as query terms, more specific topic‐based queries may be closer to the domain novice user's real information need.
Information communities: Characteristics gleaned from studies of three online networks
Authors: Fisher Karen E. , Unruh Kenton T. , Durrance Joan C.
Published: January 2005

Digital network infrastructures such as community networks have heralded powerful new ways for enhancing people's quality of life. We argue that the Internet has further facilitated the creation of information communities: constituencies united by a common interest in building and increasing access to sets of dynamic, linked, and varying information resources. Using data from a two‐year study of three community networks, we describe five defining characteristics of effective information communities: (1) emphasis on collaboration among diverse information providers, (2) capacity to form around people's needs to access and use information, (3) capacity to exploit the information sharing qualities of emerging technologies, (4) ability to transcend barriers to information‐sharing, and (5) capacity to foster social connectedness.
Personalization via collaboration in Web retrieval systems: A context based approach
Authors: Goker Ayse , He Daqing
Published: January 2005

World Wide Web is a source of information, and searches on the Web can be analyzed to detect patterns in Web users' search behaviors and information needs to effectively handle the users' subsequent needs. The rationale is that the information need of a user at a particular time point occurs in a particular context, and queries are derived from that need. In this paper, we discuss an extension of our personalization approach that was originally developed for a traditional bibliographic retrieval system but has been adapted and extended with a collaborative model for the Web retrieval environment. We start with a brief introduction of our personalization approach in a traditional information retrieval system. Then, based on the differences in the nature of documents, users and search tasks between traditional and Web retrieval environments, we describe our extensions of integrating collaboration in personalization in the Web retrieval environment. The architecture for the extension integrates machine learning techniques for the purpose of better modeling users' search tasks. Finally, a user‐oriented evaluation of Web‐based adaptive retrieval systems is presented as an important aspect of the overall strategy for personalization.
Priming the query specification process
Authors: Toms Elaine G. , Freund Luanne
Published: January 2005

As part of a large project to develop tools that aid users with the search process, we are testing ways of priming the query specification process. In this paper we test the use of questions as a technique. Using a within‐subjects design 48 people interacted with a modified Google interface to solve four information problems in four domains. Half the tasks were entered as typical keyword queries, and half as questions or statements. While results are not definitive, they suggest that the typical search box is a barrier to the creation of enriched queries.
Perceptions and effects of a system's usability by experience level
Authors: Alexander Mike , Chen Hsin‐liang
Published: January 2005

This study compared users' self‐reported and observed usability problems within a Web‐based information system, based on their experiences with the system. Eighteen employees of a company which created the system were chosen to represent typical end‐users. Each participant was asked to complete a specific list of tasks within the system, after which he or she answered several questions regarding the system's usability. While advanced users generally completed the tasks in less time than novices, the number of tasks completed correctly and the number of usability problems reported did not differ significantly by experience level. Problems identified by the participants reflected accepted usability guidelines, suggesting that, by following user‐centered design principles, such problems can be avoided in future development efforts.
Developing a user‐process model for designing menu‐based interfaces: An exploratory study
Authors: Ju Boryung , Gluck Myke
Published: January 2005

The purpose of this study was to organize menu items based on a user‐process model and implement a new version of current software for enhancing usability of interfaces. Dervin & Nilan's time‐line method is used to develop a user‐process model for user interface design. We developed a user‐process model drawn from actual users' understanding of their goals and strategies to solve their information needs by using Dervin's Sense‐Making Theory with sense‐making interviews. Six experienced subjects were recruited for the sense‐making interviews. Each subject went through a learning/exploration session, and was asked to recall and describe specific information needs throughout the activity (situation). The data obtained from the interviews were then analyzed inductively based on Dervin's Sense‐Making theory. The events, gaps, and uses (help/hurt) elicited from each subject were then chronologically ordered within each user's situation, and merged across all subjects to yield a master timeline matrix illustrating the use of the features of the software. The master timeline guided changes to the initial traditional menu for the product producing a reorganized, user‐process driven interface. The new interface was implemented for usability testing.
Advancing relevance research: Theory integration, methodological progress, and critical questions. Sponsored by SIG CRS, USE
Authors: Wang Peiling , Byström Katriina , Cool Colleen , Mizzaro Stefano , Saracevic Tefko , Vakkari Pertti , White Marilyn Domas
Published: January 2005

Relevance is a classic topic of longevity in information science. Researchers of information retrieval are concerned with the performance and design of IR systems for which relevance is a major evaluation criterion; researchers in information seeking and use are interested in understanding how the users find and use relevant information for specific tasks at hand in various situations and contexts. This program aims to bring together seasoned researchers to continue the panel session on Current Relevance Research presented at ASIS&T Annual Conference, 2002.
Show me the money. Sponsored by ASIST Leadership Development Committee
Authors: Hlava Marjorie M. K. , Bahavar Shahla , Wallace Amy , Bedford Denise
Published: January 2005

This program offers tools and tips for chapter and SIG leaders who want to learn how to incorporate the money element into their projects. What can you do when you need financial support for programs, workshops or scholarships? What formula will maximize money resources and deliver value to your members? Find out how to attract sponsors. Explore the best ways to approach a potential sponsor, and what types of programs or workshops or scholarships might appeal to potential sponsors.
Management and information studies: Exploring the connections. Sponsored by SIG MGT
Authors: Edgar Bill , Hersberger Julie A. , MacIntosh‐Murray Anu , Mackenzie Maureen
Published: January 2005

This session will be a combination of a technical panel and a group discussion covering the potential synergies between the study of management and information studies. More specifically, the study of organizational management has been divided into four levels of study. These include individual‐level issues, such as perception; group‐level issues, such as teams; organizational‐level issues, such as culture and structure; and environmental‐organizational level issues, such as organizational ecology and strategy.
Subject‐based virtual reference: Avenues, attitudes, and vehicles for success. Sponsored by SIG STI
Authors: Arnold Julie , Chen Jiangping , Edelman Jennifer , Pomerantz Jeffrey , Kresh Diane
Published: January 2005

This panel will discuss research and opportunities in the area of subject‐based virtual reference. With larger numbers of users utilizing the internet for reference, and many libraries offering virtual reference desks, there are many opportunities for success and some potential problems. Today's internet user expects “instant answers,” which may not be possible unless they can tap into some subject expertise, or expert system. In this panel, three different avenues of subject‐based virtual reference will be discussed. Presentations will focus on the following topics: 1) the potential of multi‐library systems and consortia offering virtual reference services staffed by subject specialists in a particular area of expertise; 2) a discussion of progress in automatic question answering systems, and a strategy to take advantage of automatic answering systems and subject specialists to best satisfy users' needs 3) question categorization and automatic routing; and 4) automated question routing based on fielded data. Specific topics are summarized as follows.
A science of public knowledge? Theoretical foundations of LIS. Sponsored by SIG HFIS
Authors: Coleman Anita , Miksa Shawne D. , Warner Julian , Wilson Concepción S. , Furner Jonathan
Published: January 2005

In this session, we examine several related aspects of the ongoing quest to map the intellectual structure of our field and to consolidate its theoretical foundations. The conceptual relationships between bibliometrics, informetrics and related fields are explored; the historical connections between classification and information retrieval researchers are examined; and the distinction between information science and information technology is analyzed both bibliometrically and from the perspective of social epistemology.
New standards for networked reference services. Sponsored by SIG LT & ASIST Standards Committee
Authors: Cuddy Colleen , Needleman Mark , Dinberg Donna
Published: January 2005

NISO (National Information Standards Organization) is developing a protocol for networked reference services. The intent of the protocol is to promote the interoperability of disparate online and networked reference systems. This session will provide an overview of the work of the committee developing the protocol including the motivation for its development, technical details of the protocol itself, and the implications it may have for reference services in the future.
Who will teach the next generation of information professionals? Sponsored by ALISE, SIG ED
Authors: Dorr Aimee , Walter Virginia
Published: January 2005

Graduate schools of library and information science have grown increasingly multidisciplinary with faculty drawn from such wide‐ranging fields as computer science, communication studies, information systems, public administration, and cognitive science as well as library and information science. Deans, directors, and chairs of these programs are engaged in a critical dialogue about the changing landscape of information and the skills, knowledge, and values that information professionals will need to have in order to flourish there. This panel discussion reflects the expanding boundaries of the field by inviting deans from education, communication, and information systems to present their vision of education for information professionals.
Visual containment of cultural forms: An examination of visual epistemologies and scopic regimes. Sponsored by SIG HFIS, CR, VIS
Authors: Breitenstein Mikel , Dalbello Marija , Day Ron , Simonds Ann , Tang Morris (Muhchyun)
Published: January 2005

The reproduction of knowledge in the visual field of perception has historical, theoretical and pragmatic significance for information science. Its areas of application are in the corporate and academic spheres and in the context of global sharing of information. The proponents of the visual approach assume intuitive ease of use, the boundary‐spanning facility, and powerful data‐representation capabilities inherent in visual approach. Yet, there is a naivete in assuming that the complications of language and culture could vanish in the face of information landscapes, maps of meaning, and sophisticated interfaces intuitively understood. This panel examines the complexities of the visual that are framed by the cultural, examining visual literacy, scopic regimes and the debates surrounding visual representation of knowledge in a historical perspective. The panelists focus on scopic regimes that contain and shape visual forms and on the environments of such containment. The representational spaces encompass representations of artifacts in a virtual museum, the representations of statistical information circulated in popular print and theoretical interpretation of the problem of cultural and aesthetic containment of the work of art in the representational space of the museum. The panel examines how technologies of reproduction run parallel to an increasing objectification of knowledge, and universalizing the works or knowledge through categories offered by educational, cultural and political institutions. It also examines tensions between the attempt to build and institutionally enforce cultural knowledge and the productive resistances of the work in its production, distribution, and reception, thus reflecting how practices of cultural transmission are incorporated in the process of reproduction of knowledge.
E‐commerce in libraries. Sponsored by SIG LT
Authors: Fogelberg Heidi , Scott Peter , Hlava Marjorie M. K. , Pannell Alan
Published: January 2005

E‐commerce is becoming ubiquitous but what does it mean for libraries? Some would argue that in strict terms, libraries have been involved in e‐commerce for years with the marketing of services and resources through web pages. Others would argue that libraries are just beginning to enter the world of e‐commerce with forays into offering ways for library users to pay fines or buy copies of photographs or other items online. Participants will learn about the different ways e‐commerce can be interpreted and how libraries are implementing e‐commerce initiatives.

Another side of e‐commerce in libraries is the companies delivering products and services to libraries. Delivering materials to libraries using e‐commerce methods has some benefits and some drawbacks to previous methods. An additional feature to be considered is the increased use of credit cards which speed the process. On the other hand the need to work with consortia and hierarchical or group buying of other sorts brings new complexity. MediaSleuth enables the purchase of non print educational media and the accompanying MARC cataloging over the web.

Participants will also learn about the design considerations to enable electronic selection, purchase and delivery of these materials using the internet that one such company uses.
Genres and knowledge organization. Sponsored by SIG CR, HFIS
Authors: Andersen Jack , Bazerman Charles , Dahlström Mats , Dalgaard Rune
Published: January 2005

Knowledge organization (KO) needs to broaden up by incorporating into its theory the social activities based on document production and use. This very document production and use is constituted by genre‐based human activities. Genres communicate and organize certain stabilized forms of human communicative activities and KO can be conceptualized as the typified response to these activities. What theoretical frameworks can be established for analyzing the connection between the broader social organization and the LIS‐concept of KO? From various perspectives this session seeks to examine the connection between the LIS‐conception of KO and social organization, insofar the latter is constituted by genre and activity systems and expressed through the production and use of documents or written genres in various contexts.
Designing digital information technologies for children. Sponsored by SIG USE, DL
Authors: Bilal Dania , Druin Allison , McInerney Claire , Cooper Linda Z. , Abbas June
Published: January 2005

Developing digital information technologies appropriate for children can be challenging, particularly since young people have their own interests, abilities, curiosities, and information needs that can be continually changing. Young people are not “just short adults” but an entirely different user population with their own culture, norms and complexities. With the emergence of children as important consumers of digital information, their role in the design of new technologies has been maximized. The speakers will explore national and international digital libraries that have been designed for children using innovative applications of technologies. In addition, they will discuss challenges and issues in designing digital information for young people.
The impact of digitization of scientific information on the scholarly communication of scientists. Sponsored by SIG TI, DL
Authors: Anderson Cokie , Bremholm Tony , Hemminger Bradley , Brown Cecelia , Vaughan K. T.
Published: January 2005

The possibility of a freely accessible universal open archive containing all scholarly material is quickly becoming a reality. This is especially the case for scientific information where the increase in openly available scientific material, such as e‐prints, e‐journals, as well as genetic sequences, experimental results, and statistical analyses is beyond that believed imaginable a decade ago. Not only is an array of scientific information available on the Internet as soon as it is created, but older information, as well as less mainstream information, is also being mounted on the Internet for the benefit of the global scientific community. In order to be useful, however, electronically archived materials must first be digitized and then classified and indexed in order for scientists to retrieve the information quickly and easily. How this is accomplished has a direct impact on the ways in which scientists work and communicate. The panelists in this session will discuss current research on the challenges and solutions for the digitization of scientific information employing adaptations to XML. Also a project describing how a variety of digital scientific objects can be stored and retrieved using a single generic framework based on the Open Archives Initiative standards and Dublin Core metadata will be presented. Additionally the effects of digitization on the influence of a small state scientific association's proceedings upon the communication of scientific ideas to the wider scientific community will be discussed. Lastly, a panelist will describe a project exploring the use and usability of bioinformatics databases. The panelists' insights will provide both a behind the scenes and a front stage view of the creation, management, and use of freely available electronic scientific information.
Humanizing information retrieval: Organizing “works.” Sponsored by SIG CR
Authors: Smiraglia Richard P. , Carlyle Allyson , O'Neill Edward T. , LeBoeuf Patrick , Coleman Anita
Published: January 2005

The purpose of this panel is to explore our understanding of the “work” entity and its role in information retrieval. In the past, works have been discussed in the context of bibliographic control, or more narrowly in the context of the library catalog. But as research into the nature of works has matured over the past decade or so, we have begun to broaden the basic definitions of the components of the work‐relationship, the better to view the problem of works from an information retrieval perspective.

A work, at a basic level, is a deliberately created knowledge‐record (i.e. a text, and oeuvre, etc.) representing a coordinated set of ideas (i.e., ideational content) that is conveyed with the purpose of being communicated to a consumer. A document may contain one or more works, and a work may exist on one or more documents.

Quite frequently, as it turns out, a given work exists in many instantiations, which means it appears on many different documents, which presents an interesting problem for information retrieval. Research into the nature of the work entity points to an evolving research front.
What can we learn from usage data? Sponsored by SIG USE
Authors: Shim Wonsik , Connaway Lynn Silipigni , Tenopir Carol , Wang Peiling , Zhang Dongming
Published: January 2005

The move to a networked environment has significantly increased the range of services and resources available to users, especially at institutions of higher education. The need to know the extent of use and usage patterns, coupled with the availability of machine‐generated usage measures has created opportunities for research on many fronts. This panel brings together researchers and practitioners to share information on completed and on‐going projects and to discuss issues related to collecting, analyzing and making use of usage statistics generated from the use of electronic materials such as e‐journals, e‐books, and various other digital information resources.
3D images: From theory to applications. Sponsored by SIG VIS
Authors: Hastings Samantha , Lewis Elise , Ozeren Shuleyman , Roy Paul , McDonald Bill
Published: January 2005

The use of 3D images as information bearing objects is rapidly becoming part of the next generation of web applications. From museums to criminal investigations, the 3D image is proving to be a powerful method of simulation for modeling objects and providing interfaces for deep data repositories. The panelists will describe current advances in 3D imaging technologies and demonstrate new applications. Projects presented include: User Preferences in 3D Image Manipulations, Use of 3D Space to Model Crime Scene Information, Museums and 3D Images.
The bibliomining process: Data warehousing and data mining for libraries. Sponsored by SIG LT
Authors: Nicholson Scott , Hwang San‐Yih , Keezer Paula , O'Neill Edward T.
Published: January 2005

Bibliomining is the combination of data mining, bibliometrics, statistics, and reporting tools used to extract patterns of behavior‐based artifacts and item‐based metadata from library systems. The bibliomining process involves the identification of problem areas, the collecting and anonymizing of data into a data warehouse, the exploration of the data with data mining tools, and the analysis, validation, and implementation of the results. This panel will introduce the topic of bibliomining and present ways in which data warehousing and data mining are currently being used in library settings.
Social network analysis and citation network analysis: Complementary approaches to the study of scientific communication. Sponsored by SIG MET
Authors: Marion Linda S. , Garfield Eugene , Hargens Lowell L. , Lievrouw Leah A. , White Howard D. , Wilson Concepción S.
Published: January 2005

The study of networks is gaining prominence in many disciplines as well as in the popular press. Information scientists, however, have studied networks for decades. This session will explore the potential of using citation network analysis and social network analysis to provide structural assessments of scientific communication. Panelists will discuss their research and highlight the advantages and challenges of using these methods to derive a comprehensive portrait of the diffusion of scientific knowledge.
Classification across disciplines: The same, only different. Sponsored by SIG CR, STI, MED, HFIS
Authors: Kwasnik Barbara , Miksa Francis L. , Crabbe David
Published: January 2005

This session seeks to bridge the recognized gap between information science understandings of classification and the applications of classification techniques in various disciplines and the corporate world. Classification experts in the information sciences are challenged to look at classification from several perspectives: how do we serve different disciplines in the arts and sciences, whose discourse traditions vary?; what can we learn from the understandings of classification as it is used implicitly and explicitly to organize information in other fields?; and, from a corporate case, on the way an artificial intelligence technology approaches the problem of knowledge representation and classification.
Architecture for access: Multimedia digital libraries and museum applications. Sponsored by SIG DL
Authors: Goodrum Abby , Hastings Samantha , Kravchyna Vika , Terrell Tom , Yayla Ahmet
Published: January 2005

Digital libraries have extended access to many types of collections from all points of the globe. These collections include film and video archives, news material, oral histories, museum images and digitized special collections. As more multimedia collections are digitized, there is a growing need for proactive digital design to assure access and interoperability without compromising the content of the collections. Subject areas range from digital image reference services; museums and web‐based exhibits to the use of face recognition software for national security. This interactive panel session features experts who are pushing the envelope of multimedia digital libraries, from lessons learned on recent projects to architecture considerations for future standards.
The impact of HIPAA on the development of Electronic Medical Record Systems. Sponsored by SIG CR, DL, HCI
Authors: Ramachandran Hari , Obilisetty Sridhar , Bajaj Sanjay
Published: January 2005

HIPAA, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 states that all healthcare providers must ensure the protection of patient privacy with HIPAA compliance required by April 14, 2003. The other key provision of HIPAA is portability of information and patient access. Compliance with this act may prove a major challenge due to the lack of standardization in existing systems across the industry. This panel will review the impact of the HIPAA compliance on the development of Hospital Information Systems and the ongoing challenges associated with the development of Electronic Medical Records Systems. The topics will include:

Guidelines for EMR System Selection Process with HIPAA in mind

General Issues Interpretation and Integration of HIPAA Rules Integrated Policies and Procedures Staffing Issues Employee Training

Solutions for implementing a HIPAA compliant EMR

A case study of the implementation of a EMR system using VIANETA technology will be presented.
The use of subjective attributes in personal information management systems ‐ Initial results
Authors: Bergman Ofer , Nachmias Rafi , Beyth‐Marom Ruth
Published: January 2005

Personal computers often serve as Personal Information Management (PIM) systems: they allow people to collect items of information and store them outside their cognitive system. Research has consistently shown that users of PIM systems find it hard to remember where they placed their personal information and thus have difficulties in retrieving it. A possible explanation for these difficulties is that PIM system designers are not sensitive enough to the fact that it is a personal system: the same person that stores the information is the one who retrieves it. In a recent article we suggested a user‐subjective approach to PIM system design which advocates that PIM systems should relate to the subjective attributes that the user gives to the data stored in the PIM system. This paper presents preliminary results from a study in which users of personal computers were asked to guide the researcher in their PIM system. The study allows us to test the user‐subjective approach advocated in the mentioned article.
Rituximab treatment of an IgM monoclonal autonomic and sensory neuropathy
Authors: Goldfarb Adina R. , Weimer Louis H. , Brannagan Thomas H.
Published: January 2005

Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody against B‐cell membrane marker CD‐20, is an effective treatment for immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal anti–myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathies. We report a patient with an autonomic and painful sensory neuropathy associated with an IgM lambda monoclonal gammopathy, responsive to rituximab. Treatment resulted in a decline in total IgM and improvement in the patient's painful neuropathy and dysautonomia. Rituximab may be an effective and tolerable treatment for autonomic and sensory neuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Presynaptic effects of immunoglobulin G from patients with Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Their neutralization by intravenous immunoglobulins
Authors: Buchwald Brigitte , Ahangari Raheleh , Weishaupt Andreas , Toyka Klaus V.
Published: January 2005

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment improves muscle strength in Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), but its specific mode of action is unknown. We have delineated its mode of action on neuromuscular blocking properties of LEMS IgG. The effect of sera and purified IgG from six patients with LEMS on evoked quantal release was investigated after direct application to the motor nerve terminal by the perfused macro‐patch‐clamp electrode in mouse hemidiaphragms. The effect of LEMS IgG was analyzed alone and after coincubation with different concentrations of IVIg or its Fab fragments. All LEMS sera and purified LEMS IgG fractions taken before IVIg treatment inhibited evoked quantal release in a dose‐dependent manner. When LEMS IgG was coincubated with a therapeutic IVIg preparation, presynaptic inhibitory activity of LEMS IgG was diminished in a dose‐dependent fashion. Monovalent Fab fragments were as effective in neutralizing the activity of LEMS IgG as whole IVIg. These direct neutralizing effects of IVIg may explain its therapeutic efficacy. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Motor unit number estimates in the tibialis anterior muscle of young, old, and very old men
Authors: McNeil Chris J. , Doherty Timothy J. , Stashuk Daniel W. , Rice Charles L.
Published: January 2005

The rate of motor unit (MU) loss and its influence on the progression of sarcopenia is not well understood. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to estimate and compare numbers of MUs in the tibialis anterior (TA) of young men (∼25 years) and two groups of older men (∼65 years and ≥80 years). Decomposition‐enhanced spike‐triggered averaging was used to collect surface and intramuscular electromyographic signals during isometric dorsiflexions at 25% of maximum voluntary contraction. The mean surface‐MU potential size was divided into the maximum M wave to calculate the motor unit number estimate (MUNE). The MUNE was significantly reduced in the old (91) compared to young (150) men, and further reduced in the very old men (59). Despite the smaller MUNE at age 65, strength was not reduced until beyond 80 years. This suggests that age‐related MU loss in the TA does not limit function until a critical threshold is reached. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Neuromuscular adaptations to spaceflight are specific to postural muscles
Authors: Deschenes Michael R. , Wilson Meredith H. , Kraemer William J.
Published: January 2005

The effects of microgravity were determined in muscles of differing function and myofiber‐type composition. Rats were assigned either to a 10‐day spaceflight mission or to ground‐based control conditions. Following the experimental period, hindlimb muscles were obtained from both groups. Cytofluorescent techniques were used to examine neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) from both slow‐ and fast‐twitch fibers. Histochemical procedures were employed to assess myofiber profiles (size and type). Results indicate that microgravity did not alter NMJ structure or myofiber profile in the tibialis anterior, a predominantly fast‐twitch, nonpostural muscle. Similarly, the NMJs and myofibers of deep regions of the gastrocnemius, a locomotor muscle possessing a mixed fiber population, were unaffected by spaceflight. In contrast, both myofibers and NMJs of the soleus—a postural muscle—demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) plasticity following exposure to spaceflight. Moreover, NMJs of both fast‐ and slow‐twitch myofibers displayed similar remodeling in that muscle. Our findings suggest that the deleterious effects of microgravity are most apparent among postural muscles, and are manifested both in myofibers and their synapses. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Synthesis of polyether‐based polyurethane‐silica nanocomposites with high elongation property
Authors: Lee Sung‐Il , Hahn Yoon Bong , Nahm Kee Suk , Lee Youn‐Sik
Published: January 2005

The NCO‐terminated prepolymers, prepared by reacting a mixture of poly(tetramethylene glycol) and fumed nanosilica with 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, were chain‐extended with 1,4‐ butanediol to yield polyurethane‐silica nanocomposites. The nanosilica particles were well dispersed in the polyurethane matrix up to 3 wt%. The polyurethane chains in the interfaces were covalently linked to the nanosilica surfaces through urethane bonds. Introduction of the nanosilica into the polyurethane enhanced both tensile strength and elongation of the resulting nanocomposite films. Especially, the elongation at break of the nanocomposite films containing 1 wt% nanosilica was 3.5 times greater than that of the pure polyurethane films. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.