bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brás Cubas: um estudo na construção do defunto autor na Literatura e no Cinema
Authors: Canellas de Freitas Bruna Canellas
Published: September 2021

Neste artigo, nos dedicamos a desenvolver um diálogo comparativo entre o romance Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas (1881), do autor oitocentista Machado de Assis, e sua adaptação cinematográfica Memórias Póstumas (2001), do diretor e roteirista André Klotzel (com diálogos de José Torero). Considerando a potência significativa do texto literário, mediante as escolhas efetuadas na releitura fílmica, temos à vista que o cineasta precisou enfrentar o desafio de transpor a complexa construção do defunto autor como o narrador machadiano em Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas – por ser aclamado como o projeto literário machadiano que revolucionou o modelo de romance no Brasil
Letramentos, linguagens e mídias digitais
Authors: Santos Honorato da Silva Ana Márcia , Gomes Geam Karlo
Published: September 2021

Resenha da obra Letramentos, mídias, linguagens, publicado em 2019 pelos pesquisadores: Roxane Rojo e Eduardo Moura em que apresentam como as diferentes linguagens se fazem necessárias para ampliação das práticas de letramentos através da interação e conexão promovidas pelas mídias com o uso de diferentes tecnologias digitais.
Morphological characteristics and nutritional value of binthe kiki, a local maize variety from Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Ahmad Jusna , KANDOWANGKO NOVRI YOULA , SOLANG MARGARETHA , NADJAMUDIN ERWIN
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Ahmad J, Kandowangko NY, Solang M, Najamuddin E. 2021. Morphological characteristics and nutritional value of binthe kiki, a local maize variety from Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3523-3529. Gorontalo is among the coastal areas in Tomini bay with diverse varieties of local maize. Despite that, the population of local maize has seen a steady decline over the years. A literature study reports that local maize has adapted well to the environment in which it grows. Local maize is also hailed by the community as a source of food, animal feed, and the main ingredient of traditional medicines. The present study aims to investigate the morphological characteristics and nutritional value of binthe kiki local maize variety. Employing a quantitative descriptive method, the data of morphological characteristics were collected by referring to the maize descriptor guidelines, while the data of the nutritional value of maize kernels (regarding the proximate and mineral contents) were analyzed by referring to the Indonesian National Standard and Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) standards. The findings show that the morphological characteristics of binthe kiki variety are as follows: (i) an average plant height of 161 cm; (ii) each stalk has three cobs with an average height of 119 cm; (iii) an average stalk circumference of 6.35 cm; (iv) an average of 12 leaves per stalk; (v) 71.12 cm of an average length of leaves; (vi) 5.21 cm of an average width of leaves; (vii) the direction of the leaf blade, on average, is slightly curved; (viii) the average leaf tip is pointed; (ix) an average cob length of 8.4 cm; (x) an average cob diameter of 2.74 cm; (xi) an average cob weight (without husk) of 0.054 kg/cob; (xii) an average of 24 kernels per row; (xiii) an average weight per 1000 kernels of 145 gram. Binthe kiki variety has high contents of protein, carbohydrate, zinc, and calcium, yet it is low in fat contents compared to other varieties.
Bacterial abundance and community composition in green, brown and red water from intensive catfish (Clarias sp.) culture ponds in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Wijayanti Karunia Adetera Nungki , Istiqomah Indah , Murwantoko Murwantoko
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Wijayanti KAN, Istiqomah I, Murwantoko. 2021. Bacterial abundance and community composition in green, brown and red water from intensive Catfish (Clarias sp.) culture ponds in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3677-3684. Catfish (Clarias sp.) is an important aquaculture commodity in Indonesia and cultured in an intensive system. Microorganisms play an important role in maintaining water quality of aquaculture system. The objective of this study was to determine the bacterial abundance and community composition of green, brown and red water collected from intensive catfish culture ponds in Yogyakarta using next-generation sequencing method. The water samples were collected from intensive catfish culture ponds with different colors, namely green, brown and red ponds located in Yogyakarta. The DNA from water samples was extracted using DNA extraction kit and used as template for 16S rRNA amplification. The V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified apply for next-generation sequencing technology. This study could explore effectively the bacterial community in water samples. The bacterial communities in this catfish culture water showed higher bacterial richness compared to the other aquaculture system. The diversity of the green, brown and red catfish culture water ponds was similar with the number OTUs of the green, brown and red water samples, which were 1269; 1387 and 1323 OTUs respectively. The 694 OTUs (34.42%) were common core microbiomes in all catfish culture ponds, the 212 OTUs (10.51%) are present on green and brown water ponds, the 182 OTUs (9.02%) were on green and red water ponds, and the 183 OTUs (9.07%) were present on green and brown water ponds. However, the composition of the bacterial community was different. The most dominant phylum in green and brown water ponds was Proteobacteria with relative abundance in green water and brown water 71.6% and 47.0% respectively, whereas, the most dominant phylum in red water was Firmicutes (29.5%). The dominance of Firmicutes phylum in red water ponds may be caused by application of probiotic bacteria, the high organic content, and low oxygen concentration.
The potential use of Octolasmis spp. parasites in mud crabs Scylla spp. as a bioindicator for mercury pollution
Authors: Nur Indriyani , ARIS ERICK ARJUNA , YUSNAINI YUSNAINI , BEAVIS SARA
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Nur I, Aris EA, Yusnaini Y, Beavis S. 2021. The potential use of Octolasmis spp. parasites in mud crabs Scylla spp. as a bioindicator for mercury pollution. Biodiversitas 22: 3764-3772. Artisanal small-scale gold mining and the use of mercury is widespread across Indonesia, often characterized by relatively short-lived gold rushes. In the late and post-mining phases, mercury stored in mine tailings and river beds was transported down catchment, posing risks to ecosystems and human health over much longer time scales. These risks can be under-rated when mercury concentrations in water, sediments, and aquatic species are low enough to meet relevant guideline thresholds. In this study in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, we have investigated the Costraca barnacle, Octolasmis, as a bioindicator of mercury contamination. The presence of Octolasmis parasites in mud crabs, Scylla spp., and the accumulation of mercury (Hg) in the hosts, parasites, and the ambient environment, were analyzed across both dry and wet seasons. Severe infestation of Octolasmis was assessed using prevalence, abundance, and intensity. Hg concentrations were significantly higher in the Octolasmis parasites than in the host tissues, water and sediments. The mean bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Hg equaled 7938.21 from water to parasites, and 28.91 from the host’s gill tissue to the parasites. The results suggest that Octolasmis spp. can be used effectively as a bioindicator in coastal catchments impacted by mercury contamination, even when concentrations of mercury are low in water and river sediments. The study provides the first report of Octolasmis spp. parasitized to mud crabs as a reliable bioindicator of Hg contamination and pollution.
Growth response of Dendrocalamus asper on elevational variation and intra-clump spacing management
Authors: Jihad Aqmal Nur , Budiadi Budiadi , Widiyatno Widiyatno
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Growth response of Dendrocalamus asper on elevational variation and intra-clump spacing management. 2021. Title. Biodiversitas 22: 3801-3810. Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. Schult. F.) Backer Ex. K. Heyne is a well-known commodity classified as a non-timber forest product (NTFP) to substitute wood-based products in the future. While bamboo is widely distributed in various habitats, and it could impact growth performance and quality. Nevertheless, the development of bamboo research on the upstream level is quite rare, specifically for clumping bamboo species. Therefore, our study aimed to reveal the performance in elevational variation and to discover the intra-clump spacing and diameter relationship. The elevational variation was divided into three levels, which were lower, middle, and higher levels. Each elevation was established in 9 plots with parameters observed were culm diameter at breast height (DBH), culm height (H), and culm volume (V) of D. asper. The intra-clump spacing was used to assess the relationship between the clump density and diameter growth. The research is complemented with in-depth interviews to explore the traditional silvicultural practices of Dendrocalamus asper and spatial analysis to generate land surface temperature and soil moisture index. The result showed that there is no effect (P > 0.05) of elevational variation to D. asper growth and development, while the availability of intra-clump spacing showed a significant result (P < 0.05) on the culm DBH of D, asper. Furthermore, our result suggests a wider intra-clump spacing (0.4-0.6 m2) is more recommended than a narrow intra-clump spacing for optimal culm diameter growth. Additionally, bamboo plantation was still less managed and utilized. Therefore, improving the productivity of D. asper by maintaining plantation, i.e., fertilizing, managing spacing among clump bamboo, and harvesting to achieve sustainable development of the bamboo plantation is useful.
Perception of agroforestry adopter and non-adopter on volcano risk and hazard: a case in Mt. Merapi, Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rozaki Zuhud , Rahmawati Nur , Wijaya Oki , Khoir Ikhlas Amalia , Senge Masateru , Kamarudin Mohd Fauzi
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Rozaki Z, Rahmawati N, Wijaya O, Khoir IA, Senge M, Kamarudin MF. 2021. Perception of agroforestry adopter and non-adopter on volcano risk and hazard: a case in Mt. Merapi, Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3829-3837. Agroforestry is an agricultural system that many people use in mountainous areas. Some experts have proven that this system can become the mitigation strategy in volcano areas. This study analyzes the risk and hazard perception of agroforestry adopters and non-adopters in the Mt. Merapi prone area. 139 agroforestry adopters and 130 non-adopters were randomly taken from four different areas in Mt. Merapi. Results show that both adopters and non-adopters show different perceptions regarding hazards and risk. The effectiveness of agroforestry practice for mitigation strategies needs to be studied more. The awareness of hazards and risks in the Mt. Merapi prone area is essential to save more lives during the eruption. The challenge is how to persuade agroforestry adopters and non-adopters to flee when the big eruption comes. Even though they flee, they still insist on returning home to take care of their livestock, farm, and protect properties. Mitigation education is needed; also, the infrastructure is important in supporting the mitigation efforts.
Polyphenol content and pharmacological activities of Capsicum frutescens and C. chinense genotypes
Authors: D Sahid Zulfikar , Muhamad Syukur , MAHARIJAYA AWANG , Waras Nurcholis
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Sahid ZD, Syukur M, Maharijaya A, Nurcholis W. 2021. Polyphenol content and pharmacological activities of Capsicum frutescens and C. chinense genotypes. Biodiversitas 22: 3838-3843. Chili is a horticultural crop with potential as a functional food crop. This is because chili has beneficial biochemical parameters such as antioxidants, phenolics, flavonoids, and ?-glucosidase inhibitors. This study evaluated the biochemical parameters in twelve genotypes of two chili species (Capsicum frutescens and Capsicum chinense). Information from this research can be used as a reference in chili plant breeding activities which are directed as functional food plants. The method of measuring biochemical parameters using an ELISA reader with a modified method. Samples were measured with a microplate and repeated three times. The results that emerged from the ELISA reader were then converted with Microsoft Excel and analyzed using the R program. The results showed that the Capsicum chinense species (Habanero Fransisca) had the highest ?-glucosidase inhibitory activity (52.52%) compared to other genotypes of the Capsicum frutescens species. The highest TPC (19.42), TFC (2.51), and antioxidant FRAP (117.27) were shown by the pure line genotype F8 285290-290-2-2-4-4-1. The biochemical content of the chili genotypes tested was divided into three major groups. This grouping is not affected based on the species used. The correlation between antioxidants using the FRAP method with TFC (0.69) and TPC (0.83) is positive and significantly different. In conclusion, information on biochemical content can be used as a basis for developing genotypes, especially for the purposes of plant breeding activities in the future.
Species composition and structure of Angke Kapuk Mangrove Protected Forest, Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Rumondang Amandita Lintang , KUSMANA CECEP , BUDI SRI WILARSO
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Rumondang AL, Kusmana C, Budi SW. 2021. Species composition and structure of Angke Kapuk Mangrove Protected Forest, Jakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3863-3871. Angke Kapuk Mangrove Protected Forest (AKMPF) is one of the protected forests in the coastal area of DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. This area is important for the north coast of Jakarta, hence it has function to protect the land from sea abrasion, seawater intrusion, and seawater flooding. This study aims to determine the condition of forest structures and species composition in the Angke Kapuk Mangrove Protected Forest (AKMPF) to obtain useful information for sustainable mangrove forest management. Vegetation data were collected using the sampling unit of transect for tree and line plot for forest regeneration inventories. Those data were analyzed for the density, frequency, dominance, species diversity, and species distribution pattern. The obtained results show that AKMPF consists of 13 mangrove species, including 7 species of true mangrove, 5 species associated mangrove, and 1 species of palm, with the dominant species, are Avicennia marina for tree with its regenerations and Acrostichum aureum for groundcover. Overall, the species diversity index in this area was classified as low category. Mangrove trees in this area have height class between 4-28 meters formed bell-curve, while stem diameter class were between 10.00-69.75 cm formed L-curve. The distribution pattern of species in this areal generally was clumped.
Two new species of Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand
Authors: MAKNOI CHARUN , Saensouk Surapon , Saensouk Piyaporn , RAKARCHA SARAYUT , THAMMARONG WORANART
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Maknoi C, Saensouk S, Saensouk P, Rakarcha S, Thammarong W. 2021. Two new species of Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 3910-3921. Curcuma aruna and C. pitukii, two new species from northern Thailand, are described, illustrated, and photographed. They are endemic to Sukhothai and Lampang Provinces, northern Thailand, and the morphological characteristics of two new species are compared with their closest species, C. flaviflora, C. eburnea, and C. pierreana. Two new species, C. aruna and C. pitukii are assignable to Curcuma subgenus Ecomata. C. aruna is recognized by leaves ovate with thin chartaceous, fertile bracts 6–12, it’s glabrous on nearly all parts of the plant, flowers yellow and labellum yellow with 2 darker yellow bands in the center. C. pitukii is recognized by bracts 20–40 with purplish white to purple, corolla lobes purplish white to pale purple, staminodes white, and labellum white with an embossed yellow path along the midrib from base to apex. A detailed description, distribution, ecology, etymology, preliminary conservation status, and photographs of two new species are provided. A key to 20 species of Curcuma subgenus Ecomata in Thailand is presented.
Effect of fermentation on sensory quality of Liberica coffee beans inoculated with bacteria from saliva Arctictis binturong Raffles, 1821
Authors: Wibowo Nendyo Adhi , MANGUNWARDOYO WIBOWO , YASMAN YASMAN , SANTOSO TRI JOKO
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Wibowo NA, Mangunwardoyo W, Santoso TJ, Yasman. 2021. Effect of fermentation on sensory quality of Liberica coffee beans inoculated with bacteria from saliva Arctictis binturong Raffles, 1821. Biodiversitas 22: 3922-3928. Fermentation is one of the post-harvest steps that influence the quality of coffee. This study aims to determine the sensory quality of Liberica coffee beans cv. Liberoid Meranti (LiM) fermented using a consortium of bacteria from saliva Arctictis binturong Raffles, 1821 with varying fermentation periods. Fermentation was performed in a wet process for 0, 4, 8, 12-hours in triplicate. The parameters observed were caffeine, protein, and fat content. The sensory quality of brewed coffee was conducted refers to the standard Speciality Coffee Association (SCA). The data obtained were processed with Minitab version 16 for Windows and analyzed using ANOVA with a level of 5% and followed by a post hoc test. The results showed that coffee fermented for 0, 4, 8, 12 hours has protein content of 15.31-15.67%; 15.09-16.62%; 12.71-13.07%; 14.64-14.69%; fat content of 9.48%; 10.20%; 9.96%; 10.21%; and caffeine content of 1.05%; 0.99%; 0.96%; 1.02%, respectively. The length of the fermentation period affects significantly (p<0.05) the content of protein, fat, and caffeine. The final score of cupping test in coffee fermented for 0, 4, 8, and 12 h were 77.63; 78.13; 82; and 80.25, respectively. A fermentation period of 8 and 12 hours improve the flavor score that categorized fermented Liberica coffee as specialty coffee (8.00 - <9.00 = superior).
Physiological responses of scleractinian corals in marginal habitat
Authors: Polapa Funty , WERORILANGI SHINTA , ALI SUHARTO M. , JOMPA JAMALUDDIN
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Polapa FS, Werorilangi S, Ali SM, Jompa J. 2021. Physiological responses of scleractinian corals in marginal habitat. Biodiversitas 22: 4011-4018. This study aims to analyze physiological differences in corals in marginal habitats. Under different conditions, the production/respiration (P/R) ratio and photobiology of various coral genera were compared. Samples were taken from three coral reef zones representing typical reef habitats and from the mangrove ecosystem as a marginal habitat. Surveys revealed two coral genera surviving in extreme conditions (marginal habitat). The P/R ratio measurements indicated that corals living in the mangrove ecosystem tend to be heterotrophic. This was supported by observations of colonies with tentacles extended from the corallites. Furthermore, Porites living in the mangrove habitat consume more O2 directly than saving it for other purposes, such as growth. The genus Dipsastraea exhibited elevated zooxanthellae density in the mangrove ecosystem, whereas Porites exhibited similar densities in both ecosystems.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of three species of Cornukaempferia in Thailand
Authors: CHUMROENPHAT THEERAPHAN , Saensouk Surapon , SAENSOUK PIYAPORN
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Chumroenphat T, Saensouk S, Saensouk P. 2021. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of three species of Cornukaempferia in Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 4036-4044. Genus Cornukaempferia (Zingiberaceae) were used as medicinal plants in Thailand. Cornukaempferia has never been reported the chemical compounds and antioxidant activity before. This study was designed to identify the chemical composition and antioxidant activities in root, rhizome, stem, and leaves of Cornukaempferia aurantiflora, C. larsenii, and C. longipetiolata. DPPH scavenging activity and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays assessed the chemical composition and antioxidant activity. The results showed that total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) found different plant parts obtained in this study were in the order of root>rhizomes>leaves>?stems. The C. aurantiflora had a high TPC of 416.39 mg GAE/g dry weight, while individual phenolics, such as vanillic acid at 256.90 mg/g dry weight, showed high contents in the leaf part. For C. larsenii,  TFC and individual flavonoids, such as catechin, have high 62.52 and 56.47 mg/100g dry weight values in the roots, respectively. The antioxidant activities in different species of different plant parts (DPPH: root>leaves?> rhizomes?>?stems; FRAP: leaves?>root>?rhizomes?>?stems). The genus Cornukaempferia is a rich source of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the genus Cornukaempferia will be used as medicine and food to produce products with health benefits in the future.
Level of urbanization and habitat type, and not patch size, influence predacious arthropod diversity patterns of urban grasslands in South Africa
Authors: Greyvenstein Bianca , Botha Monique , Van den Berg Johnnie , Siebert Stefan
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Greyvenstein B, Botha M, van den Berg J, Siebert SJ. 2021. Level of urbanization and habitat type, and not patch size, influence predacious arthropod diversity patterns of urban grasslands in South Africa. Biodiversitas 22: 4078-4094. Predacious arthropods provide a valuable ecosystem service within urban environments by suppressing pest numbers. However, urban ecological studies largely ignore this functional group and its diversity and species composition patterns. Some studies have been published regarding these patterns, however they were mostly done in Australia, Europe and America, thus an African perspective is lacking. Our aim was to address the gap in African literature by quantify the differences in predacious arthropod species richness and diversity within urban green space in varying urbanization intensities, habitat types of grassland and patch sizes in South Africa. Various indices were considered to examine the effect of urbanization on the diversity patterns of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), Mantodea, Araneae and Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Study sites included three levels of urbanization represented by population density, two types of urban grasslands (i.e., ruderal and fragmented grassland) and a peri-urban rangeland grassland as control, and a wide range of patch sizes. Our results indicated that an increase in urbanization intensities was associated with increased abundance of predacious arthropod taxa. Also, that urban and peri-urban grasslands had similar predacious arthropod species richness and diversity, but differed in species composition. No relationship was found between patch size and arthropod diversity or composition. Thus, predacious arthropod abundances are influenced by the level of urbanization and their species composition is influenced by the type of urban grassland (ruderal or fragmented), which are important considerations for future urban planning/management and conservation strategies. This study gives a South African perspective and indicates that despite the lack of assigned function of urban green spaces, they sustain diverse and distinct predacious arthropod communities, which in turn fulfill various roles in a functioning ecosystem.
Community knowledge and utilization of mangroves in Panabo Mangrove Park, Panabo City, Davao del Norte, Philippines
Authors: ALIMBON JEMER , MANSEGUIAO MARK RONALD S.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Alimbon JA, Manseguiao MRS. 2021. Community knowledge and utilization of mangroves in Panabo Mangrove Park, Panabo City, Davao del Norte, Philippines. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 11: 51-57. Awareness of community knowledge and utilization patterns of mangrove ecosystems and their services is integral to conservation and management. However, this aspect remains to be less explored, especially in the Philippines. Hence, this study assessed the community knowledge and utilization of mangroves in Panabo Mangrove Park, Panabo City, Davao del Norte Philippines, using a survey research design. Through a simple random sampling procedure, 154 residents living near the area were surveyed using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentages. Results revealed that the majority were knowledgeable of the existence and the services of mangroves except for their medicinal uses. It was also found out that many respondents have less to no knowledge of the different species of mangroves. Further, most respondents reported that they used the mangrove ecosystem as a food source on varying frequencies but never utilized it for other purposes such as fuelwood, medicine, dyeing agent, construction materials, fishing poles, household furniture, and other items.
Kilowatt power scaling of an intrinsically low Brillouin and thermo-optic Yb-doped silica fiber [Invited]
Authors: Hawkins T. W. , Dragic P. D. , Yu N. , Flores A. , Engholm M. , Ballato J.
Published: September 2021

The performance of optical fibers is dependent on both the fiber design
and the materials from which it is made. While much of the development
over the past few decades has focused on fiber geometry and
microstructuring, more recent analyses have shown clear benefits of
addressing parasitic nonlinearities at the origins of their
light–matter interactions. Reported here are results on intrinsically
low Brillouin and thermo-optic core fibers, fabricated using modified
chemical vapor deposition. Specifically, fibers in the Yb-doped

A

l

2

O

3

−

P

2

O

5

−

B

2

O

3

−

S
i

O

2

system are developed based on how
each glass constituent affects the material parameters that enable
both stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and transverse mode
instability (TMI). One fiber, developed to be very heavily doped,
exhibited thermo-optic and Brillouin gain coefficients up to

∼

3

d
B

and 6 dB below conventional laser
fibers, respectively. A second fiber, designed to approximate a
commercial double-clad laser fiber, which necessitated lower doping
levels, was output power scaled to over 1 kW with an efficiency over
70% and no observed photodarkening under conventional testing. Design
curves for the enabling material properties that drive TMI and SBS
also are provided as functions of compositions as a tool for the
community to further study and develop intrinsically low-nonlinearity
fiber lasers.
Isotropic and anisotropic edge enhancement with a superposed-spiral phase filter
Authors: Li Zhe , Zhao Shengmei , Wang Le
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we present edge detection schemes with specially designed superposed spiral phase plate (SSPP) filters in the Fourier domain both for intensity or phase objects. A special SSPP whose function is equivalent to Sobel operator in space domain is firstly designed by weighting different topological charge spiral phase plate (SPP) filters. Later, a SSPP with controllable direction parameters is then discussed to enhance the anisotropic edges by controlling the direction parameter. Numerical simulation and experimental results show that either isotropic or anisotropic edge information can be enhanced by using our proposed schemes. The signal-to-noise ratio and the root-mean-square-error performance are improved in comparison with those using traditional SPP filter. Importantly, it is the first time to present the special ways of superposing and the SSPP can be designed before the experiment so that a clear edge can be achieved at real time without the convolutional operation.
Fundamental challenges induced by phase modulation inaccuracy and optimization guidelines of geometric phase metasurfaces with broken rotation symmetry
Authors: Zhang Jinrun , Zeng Jinwei , Liu Yangjie , Dong Yajuan , Wang Jian
Published: September 2021

Geometric phase metasurfaces feature complete phase manipulation of light at the nanoscale. While a majority of prior works assume the structure rotation in a fixed lattice of unit cells as equivalent to the element rotation required by the geometric phase principle, we argue that this assumption is fundamentally challenged for many current schematics which induce phase modulation inaccuracy. Here we take the dielectric nanobar type geometric phase metasurfaces as an example and perform an in-depth analysis about the physical origins of the phase modulation inaccuracy: imperfect structure rotation, resonance, tilted incidence and aperiodic arrays. We clarify the trade-off in phase modulation accuracy, efficiency, broadband property and wide angle acceptance. Furthermore, we present several examples of geometric phase metasurface devices to evaluate the performance degradation under different applications. Finally, based on the research, we provide a set of practical design and optimization guidelines to outperform the present devices of geometric phase metasurface.
Incoherent superposition of polychromatic light enables single-shot nondiffracting light-sheet microscopy
Authors: Ebrahimi Vahid , Tang Jialei , Han Kyu Young
Published: September 2021

We demonstrate single-shot nondiffracting light-sheet microscopy by the incoherent superposition of dispersed polychromatic light sources. We characterized our technique by generating a Bessel light-sheet with a supercontinuum light-source and a C-light-sheet using a diode laser, and demonstrated its applicability to fluorescence microscopy. We emphasize that our method is easily implementable and compatible with the requirements of high-resolution microscopy.
Generation and amplification of a multi-beam sub-nanosecond laser
Authors: Zhou Yiping , Li Xudong , Xu Haobo , Fan Rongwei , Chen Deying , Jiang Yugang , Yan Renpeng
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a methodology to produce a multi-beam sub-nanosecond laser is proposed. Laser pulses with a pulse energy of 0.14 mJ and a pulse width of 490 ps are generated in a YAG/Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG microchip laser at a repetition rate of 200 Hz. After amplification with a laser diode (LD) side-pumped Nd:YAG module, four laser beams are generated because of the thermally induced birefringence. With a double-pass LD side-pumped amplifier, the single pulse energy of the four laser beams is amplified to 5.23 mJ with a peak power of ∼10.67 MW, and air breakdown with four points is achieved with a 2 × 2 lens array.
Polarization-multiplexed wavefront-engineering by all-dielectric metasurface with asymmetric polarization-decoupled meta-atoms
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Baifu , Han Cheng , Ding Jianping
Published: September 2021

Polarization multiplexing of metasurfaces conventionally requires the synthesis of both geometric and dynamic phases of meta-atoms. We propose a dynamic-phase-only polarization-multiplexing metasurface that consists of three types of polarization-decoupled meta-atoms and covers the 0–2π phase range. As illustrative examples, we designed and investigated a polarized beam splitter that can independently deflect x- and y-polarized incident lights at arbitrary angles. Furthermore, we designed and studied polarization-multiplexing metasurface-holography embracing double channels of orthogonal polarizations. Both metadevices demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. This study paves the way for the design of polarization-multiplexing electromagnetic structures for application in metamaterials and metasurfaces.
High-peak-power electro-optically Q-switched laser with a gradient-doped Nd:YAG crystal
Authors: Wei Meng-En , Cheng Ting-Qing , Dou Ren-Qin , Zhang Qing-Li , Jiang Hai-He
Published: September 2021

We report on a high-peak-power electro-optically

Q

-switched laser emitting a near-diffraction-limited beam profile at 1064 nm by using a gradient-doped Nd:YAG crystal. The gradient-doped crystal features a unique combination of a reduced thermal lens effect through effectively spreading the heat load distribution within its volume. Its performance is compared with those of Nd:YAG crystals with uniform volume doping distribution operating in the

Q

-switched regime with the same laser configuration, demonstrating the higher average and peak power achievable with the gradient-doped crystal. The maximum average output power amounts to 6.9 W at a pulse repetition rate of 2 kHz, which corresponds to a maximum peak power of

∼

585

k
W

. Compared to homogeneous dopant crystals, the slope efficiency and average output power increased by 30.8% and 21.1%, respectively.
Update: Gender differences in CABG outcomes—Have we bridged the gap?
Authors: Matyal Robina , Qureshi Nada Qaisar , Mufarrih Syed Hamza , Sharkey Aidan , Bose Ruma , Chu Louis M. , Liu David C. , Senthilnathan Venkatachalam , Mahmood Feroze , Khabbaz Kamal R.
Published: September 2021

Background

Appreciation of unique presentation, patterns and underlying pathophysiology of coronary artery disease in women has driven gender based risk stratification and risk reduction efforts over the last decade. Data regarding whether these advances have resulted in unequivocal improvements in outcomes of CABG in women is conflicting. The objective of our study was to assess gender differences in post-operative outcomes following CABG.

Methods

Retrospective analyses of institutional data housed in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) database for patients undergoing CABG between 2002 and 2020 were conducted. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to investigate gender differences in post-operative outcomes. P-values were adjusted using Bonferroni correction to reduce type-I errors.

Results

Our final cohort of 6,250 patients had fewer women than men (1,339 vs. 4,911). more women were diabetic (52.0% vs. 41.2%, p<0.001) and hypertensive (89.1% vs. 84.0%, p<0.001). Women had higher adjusted odds of developing ventilator dependence >48 hours (OR: 1.65 [1.21, 2.45], p = 0.002) and cardiac readmissions (OR: 1.56 [1.27, 2.30], p = 0.003). After adjustment for comorbidity burden, mortality rates in women were comparable to those of age-matched men.

Conclusion

The findings of our study indicate that despite apparent reduction of differences in mortality, the burden of postoperative morbidity is still high among women.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among homeless people living rough, in shelters and squats: A large population-based study in France
Authors: Loubiere Sandrine , Monfardini Elisabetta , Allaria Camille , Mosnier Marine , Allibert Agathe , Ninove Laetitia , Bosetti Thomas , Farnarier Cyril , Hamouda Ilyes , Auquier Pascal , Mosnier Emilie , Tinland Aurélie
Published: September 2021

Background

Overcrowded housing, as well as inadequate sanitary conditions, contribute to making homeless people particularly vulnerable to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection among people experiencing homelessness on a large city-wide scale in Marseille, France, taking into account different types of accommodation.

Methods

A consortium of outreach teams in 48 different locations including streets, slums, squats, emergency or transitional shelters and drop-in centres participated in the inclusion process. All participants consented to have a validated rapid antibody assay for immunoglobulins M (IgM) and G (IgG) and to answer a questionnaire on medical health conditions, comorbidities, and previous COVID-19 symptoms. Information on their housing conditions since the COVID-19 crisis was also collected from the participants.

Results

From June 01 to August 05, 2020, 1,156 homeless participants were enrolled in the study and tested. The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies was 5.6% (95%CI 2.3–7.0), ranging from 2.2% in people living on the streets to 8.1% in people living in emergency shelters (P = 0.009). Around one third of the seropositive participants reported COVID-19 symptoms. Compared to the general population in Marseille (3.6%), the homeless population living in the same urban area experienced a significantly increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (|z| = 3.65 > 1.96).

Conclusion

These findings highlight the need for regular screening among the homeless to prevent clustering in overcrowded or inadequate accommodations. It is also necessary to provide essential resources to keep homeless people healthy, the vast majority of whom have cumulative risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Linguistic effects on news headline success: Evidence from thousands of online field experiments (Registered Report Protocol)
Authors: Gligorić Kristina , Lifchits George , West Robert , Anderson Ashton
Published: September 2021

What makes written text appealing? In this registered report protocol, we propose to study the linguistic characteristics of news headline success using a large-scale dataset of field experiments (A/B tests) conducted on the popular website Upworthy comparing multiple headline variants for the same news articles. This unique setup allows us to control for factors that can have crucial confounding effects on headline success. Based on prior literature and a pilot partition of the data, we formulate hypotheses about the linguistic features that are associated with statistically superior headlines. We will test our hypotheses on a much larger partition of the data that will become available after the publication of this registered report protocol. Our results will contribute to resolving competing hypotheses about the linguistic features that affect the success of text and will provide avenues for research into the psychological mechanisms that are activated by those features.
Essential roles of Lon protease in the morpho-physiological traits of the rice pathogen Burkholderia glumae
Authors: Goo Eunhye , Hwang Ingyu
Published: September 2021

The highly conserved ATP-dependent Lon protease plays important roles in diverse biological processes. The lon gene is usually nonessential for viability; however, lon mutants of several bacterial species, although viable, exhibit cellular defects. Here, we show that a lack of Lon protease causes pleiotropic effects in the rice pathogen Burkholderia glumae. The null mutation of lon produced three colony types, big (BLONB), normal (BLONN), and small (BLONS), in Luria–Bertani (LB) medium. Colonies of the BLONB and BLONN types were re-segregated upon subculture, while those of the BLONS type were too small to manipulate. The BLONN type was chosen for further studies, as only this type was fully genetically complemented. BLONN-type cells did not reach the maximum growth capacity, and their population decreased drastically after the stationary phase in LB medium. BLONN-type cells were defective in the biosynthesis of quorum sensing (QS) signals and exhibited reduced oxalate biosynthetic activity, causing environmental alkaline toxicity and population collapse. Addition of excessive N-octanoyl-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL) to BLONN-type cell cultures did not fully restore oxalate biosynthesis, suggesting that the decrease in oxalate biosynthesis in BLONN-type cells was not due to insufficient C8-HSL. Co-expression of lon and tofR in Escherichia coli suggested that Lon negatively affects the TofR level in a C8-HSL-dependent manner. Lon protease interacted with the oxalate biosynthetic enzymes, ObcA and ObcB, indicating potential roles for the oxalate biosynthetic activity. These results suggest that Lon protease influences colony morphology, growth, QS system, and oxalate biosynthesis in B. glumae.
‘Subaltern’ pushbacks: An analysis of responses by Facebook users to ‘racist’ statements by two French doctors on testing a COVID-19 vaccine in Africa
Authors: Mudavanhu Selina Linda
Published: September 2021

In April 2020, two French doctors discussed on television the idea of testing a COVID-19 vaccine in Africa. The controversial utterances were widely condemned, subsequently leading the doctors apologizing. Using thematic analysis, and drawing on Stuart Hall’s encoding–decoding model and the concepts of coloniality and decoloniality, this article analyses responses to the doctors’ statements by social media users. Of the decoding positions proposed by Stuart Hall, many Facebook users occupied the oppositional decoding position. Facebook users dethroned ideas rooted in colonialism that positioned Europeans as superior thought leaders and Africans as inferior and passive recipients of western knowledges and leadership. They also dismissed the doctors as flagrant racists. Facebook users affirmed that Africans were not guinea pigs and Africa was not a laboratory. The visceral pushbacks by social media users discredited and delegitimized the doctors’ ideas as well as to foster solidarity among Africans in disparate locations.
Infobotting COVID-19: A case study of Ask Nameesa in Egypt
Authors: Khattab Mona
Published: September 2021

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, misinformation and unscientific interpretations flooded the internet. Seeking credible information in Egypt was paramount at the time. An answer to this quest was ‘Ask Nameesa’, an award-winning Egyptian-focused chatbot that utilizes Facebook Messenger to communicate with social media users in an individualized response engagement. It relies on information validated by WHO and the Egyptian Ministry of Health. This article examines the structure of Ask Nameesa as an example of infobots and studies the interactive engagement it offers users to provide health information. The study analyses data gathered by interviewing the founder and CEO of DXwand, the company that developed Ask Nameesa as well as content analysis of conversations with Ask Nameesa to assess its user engagement. The study aims at understanding the potential Ask Nameesa has in providing information literacy and tackling public demand for information.
El texto musical en la esfera digital: Características, funcionalidades y aplicación como recurso formativo en instituciones de educación musical
Authors: Merchán Sánchez-Jara Javier
Published: September 2021

Desde los primeros intentos hasta nuestros días, han sido muchos los sistemas de notación, los soportes, formatos o las tipologías documentales desarrolladas con el objetivo de preservar y comunicar de manera estable el conocimiento musical a través de representaciones textuales. Con la irrupción e implantación de las tecnologías digitales se inaugura un nuevo paradigma en la representación y trasmisión de la obra musical, que culmina en nuestros días con el nacimiento de una nueva tipología documental: la Partitura Electrónica (eScore). El presente trabajo pretende una aproximación a este nuevo arquetipo para la lectura, edición y trasmisión de textos musicales, mediante su descripción y análisis a través del desarrollo de un modelo conceptual que permita la representación gráfica de los objetos y elementos más importantes que lo componen, así como la relaciones y efectos que se establecen entre ellos. Igualmente se analiza la recepción, percepción y uso de las nuevas partituras en formato electrónico por parte de los estudiantes y profesores de música dentro del ámbito de la educación musical de nuestro país. El objetivo es ofrecer evidencias académicas relativas al grado de implantación y uso de las mismas, así como de los aspectos más influyentes en torno a la percepción y proyección didáctica de esta nueva forma de representación del conocimiento musical.
Az erdélyi püspökség és székeskáptalan Kán László vajdasága alatt
Authors: Hunyadi Sándor
Published: September 2021

The episcopacy played an important role at the end of the Arpad Age, and the fate of certain dioceses were sealed by the relationships between the bishops and the oligarchs. Thus, at the end of the 13th and at the beginning of the 14th century, both the history of the Chapter and of the Diocese of Transylvania was heavily influenced by the relation between Bishop Peter Monoszló and Ladislaus Kán, Voivode of Transylvania. In my article, I aim to survey the relationship of the Diocese and the Chapter of Transylvania, beginning with Bishop Peter Monoszló, with the later Voivode of Transylvania, Ladislaus Kán, elaborately presenting the signs which may imply a harmonic relation between the bishop and the voivode, the economic conflict with the chapter, and the difficulties the chapter had to face following the death of Peter Monoszló: the difficult election and confirmation of his successor, Bishop Benedict, and the lawsuits against the Transylvanian Saxons.
Vizsgálatok a kriminalizálódott magyar NEET fiatalok körében
Authors: Sánta Tamás
Published: September 2021

The study is a transcript of a lecture given by the Partium Christian University in February 2020 in Oradea at the conference entitled “from Cradle to University” in the Carpathian Basin. The topic of the lecture and the subject of the empirical study is a group of young people who have been criminalized within the Hungarian NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) youth group.

In the introduction of the paper, the concept of NEET will be defined, and briefly discussed the specifics of the study group. In the methodological part, the research methods are presented, followed by a partial presentation of the research results, which focuses primarily on the vision of criminalized Hungarian NEET youth.

Empirical data from the research point in the direction that a significant part of the members of the study group, despite the fact that some of the group members face even long-term imprisonment, still they can see a more positive and successful future in front of them.
State of aquatic invasive species in tropical India: An overview
Authors: Singh Atul K.
Published: September 2021

India, a megadiverse tropical country is grappling with the rising trend of aquatic invasions. Out of 532 introduced non-native fish, 16 species of freshwater aquaculture and aquarium were assessed invasive by using a risk assessment protocol, ‘Fish Invasiveness Screening Test’. Six major identified invasion pathways of the aquatic invasive species were inadvertent or deliberate releases, escapes, contaminants from hatcheries, river corridors, stowaways and unaided introductions. Invasion mechanism further elucidated the factors promoting successful invasion in freshwater ecosystems. For predictive future performance of invasive fish, the concrete and predictive values based on mean abundance by weight was calculated. Over 28.67% and 29.02 % persistent increased yield of the invasive Tilapia and Common Carp respectively was predicted in the Ganga river in the coming decades. Single species Tilapia invasion facilitated multiple species fish invasion, manifesting in invasion meltdown. The trophic changes due to fish invasion exhibited biotic homogenization with trophic downgrading. Aquatic invasive species were found highly competitive interacting with native species causing serious biodiversity loss, health hazards, and economic damage consequently affecting the ecosystem services. In spite of available regulatory approaches and guidelines to manage aquatic invasive species, fish invasion has been on the rise. This paper suggests modifications and stringent implementation of the existing regulatory mechanisms besides adopting linkages, cutting-edge research on invasion science and modern molecular containment tools for effective management.