bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise Parcial do Conhecimento Médico Acerca de Indicação de Tomografia Computadorizada no Trauma Crânio Encefálico Infantil
Authors: Costa de Brito Barbosa Alves Maria , Gonçalves Romano Cruz Ribeiro Ramon , Carolina Leite Ribeiro Ana , Maria Leal Rosas Carolina , Fernandes Klem Marina , Pereira de Oliveira Rocha Thalita , Campos Duarte Shaytner
Published: December 2020

Traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) constitui-se de uma agressão de ordem traumática que acarreta lesão anatômica e comprometimento funcional do couro cabeludo, crânio, meninges, encéfalo ou seus vasos. A frequência do TCE infantil em estatísticas internacionais evidencia 7.400 mortes anuais. Diante disso, o estudo PECARN (Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network) identificou crianças com TCE leve que não necessitariam de tomografia computadorizada (TC) de crânio, permitindo uma estratificação de risco adequada. Objetivo: Debater a respeito do conhecimento médico sobre os critérios para solicitação da TC no TCE da faixa etária pediátrica dos serviços de emergência no munícipio de Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, seguindo o algoritmo baseado no PECARN. Resultados: Alcançou-se um N amostral de 70 questionários. O tempo médio de exercício profissional foi de 15 anos entre as especialidades. Sessenta e um por cento demonstraram aplicar a escala de coma de Glasgow pediátrica. Em situações nas quais a decisão entre TC de crânio e observação hospitalar dependia do critério médico, cerca de 50% dos profissionais demonstraram-se favoráveis à radiação ionizante. Discussão: A realização excessiva de tomografia pode ocasionar, entre outros problemas, o risco aumentado de tumor cerebral e leucemias em crianças devendo sempre seu uso ponderado principalmente nos TCEs leves. Conclusão: O conhecimento entre os grupos dos médicos é heterogêneo, no entanto há uma tendência ao excesso de realização de TC de crânio na faixa etária pediátrica, corroborando com o impacto da radiação ionizante desnecessária em crianças.
Intramedullary granulomatous lesions. Systematic review of case reports
Authors: Victor Amaro de Souza João , Henrique Pires de Aguiar Paulor , Jundy Nakasone Fábio
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Granulomatous inflammation tries to isolate and control a foreign substance considered hard to eliminate. Intramedullary granulomas are rare, but some can be deadly. Objective: To point out the initial reports, differential diagnosis and prognosis of these lesions. Material and Methods: A systematic review related to granulomatous spinal lesions was performed in the PubMed, MedLine (EBSCO), LILACS and Scielo database using the keywords “granulomatous”, “granuloma” and “intramedullary”. Results: intramedullary granulomatous lesions most commonly are present in the thoracic spine (80% of cases). The most frequent cause of the lesion was tuberculosis, followed by sarcoidosis. Improvement of the symptoms was found in 78%, almost two thirds of this total. Most cases were treated with surgery and medication with 47% of total improvement of symptoms. Sixty seven percent of patients treated only with medications were fully recovered. None of the four patients that were submitted only to surgery fully recovered. Conclusion: Given the most frequent causes are tuberculosis and sarcoidosis, it is suggested to always investigate them. Although the combined treatment was the most used, the drug alone showed greater outcomes. However, more studies are needed to make it possible to confirm the efficacy of those treatments.
Relatos de Minha Vivência na Neurocirurgia que Ficaram Guardados no Baú de Minha Memória
Authors: Araújo da Silva Agenor
Published: December 2020

Quero fazer alguns relatos, relacionados à minha vivência dentro da Neurocirurgia, que ficaram guardados no baú de minha memória.[...]
Dois Traumas Cranianos Inesquecíveis
Authors: Renato Mello Luis
Published: December 2020

Em 1987 fui aceito para cursar a Pós-graduação, nível Mestrado em Neurocirurgia, na Escola Paulista de Medicina, hoje UNIFESP, na época chefiada pelo saudoso Dr. António de Pádua Bonatelli, sob a batuta do Professor Fernando M. Braga, chefe da disciplina de Neurocirurgia desta Escola.[...]
Attempto!
Authors: Soares Tatagiba Marcos
Published: December 2020

Com esta expressão latina, que significa “eu tento/eu ouso”, o Conde Everardo fundou no fim da Idade Média, em 11 de março de 1477, uma Universidade que leva o nome do Duque Carlos de Württemberg – a Universidade Everardo Carlos de Tubinga (Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen), no Estado de Baden-Württemberg, na Alemanha. Sendo considerada uma das Universidades mais antigas da Europa, cujas primeiras atividades acadêmicas incluíram os cursos de Medicina, Teologia, Filosofia e Direito, a Universidade de Tubinga goza hoje de alta reputação acadêmica, despontando entre as 10 Universidades de excelência do país e com um total de 11 prêmios Nobel a ela associados. Aquilo que há 542 anos foi um ousado plano para iluminar o fim das trevas da Idade Média, estabeleceu-se como um projeto de grande brilho, cujos raios fulguram os dias de ciência do século XXI.[...]
A Segunda Guerra Mundial e a Neurocirurgia Brasileira
Authors: Brock Mario
Published: December 2020

A Segunda Guerra Mundial teve início às 04:45 horas do dia 1° de setembro de 1939 com o bombardeio da Westerplatte, uma península situada frente à cidade polonesa de Gdansk, pela fragata alemã Schleswig Holstein e terminou com a assinatura da rendição incondicional da Alemanha em 8 de maio de 1945.[...]
Incorporation and the Morality of Profit in the Business of Cultural Activism
Authors: Knudson Marshall B.
Published: December 2020

Typical scholarly analyses of ethnic incorporation draw on cases where older, preexisting political entities and their forms of citizenship become the basis for new entrepreneurial corporate identities structured around a set of legal profit-making practices. But what about the cases of ethnic incorporation where ethnicity articulates with legal incorporation without any such prior collective political entity to graft onto? This article draws on ethnographic research with indigenous Mapuche cultural activists to describe and analyze the place of private for-profit and not-for-profit associations in the State-sponsored market for indigenous cultural development work in Chile. Examining the dilemmas that Mapuche activists in Chile face as they pursue legal incorporation in order to access public funds and provide a firmer economic footing to their organizations, it explores the ways that activists negotiate the moral controversies surrounding the place of money, and private-law organizations, in the pursuit of Mapuche collective interests.
Alianzas estratégicas para el fortalecimiento de procesos de desarrollo profesional docente.
Authors: Cantero-Acosta Raquel , Bolaños-Ortiz Olman
Published: December 2020

La educación financiera es una aliada para la construcción de proyectos de vida en las diferentes etapas económicas de las personas. Para ello, es esencial conocer y manejar diversas estrategias que apoyen la toma de decisiones financieras conscientes. Aprender a identificar los ingresos y los gastos, saber cómo elaborar un presupuesto, conocer formas de ahorrar y tomar decisiones crediticias pertinentes son algunas de las estrategias clave para el manejo de las finanzas. Desde este aprendizaje, el presente artículo describe la experiencia del curso “Finanzas saludables para la vida cotidiana en educación para el hogar en III Ciclo”. Un proyecto de capacitación dirigido a docentes a cargo de la asignatura Educación para la Vida Cotidiana. Esta actividad de formación es el resultado de una alianza entre el sector público y el privado, y se fundamenta en el adecuado manejo de las situaciones financieras, un contenido propio del programa de estudio vigente.
Phylogeographic study of the Bufo gargarizans species complex, with emphasis on Northeast Asia
Authors: Lee Chang-hoon , FONG Jonathan , Jiang Jian-Ping , Li Pi-Peng , Waldman Bruce , Chong Jong Ryol , Lee Hang , Min Mi-Sook
Published: December 2020

We conduct a phylogeographic and population genetic study of the Asiatic
Toad (Bufo gargarizans) to understand its evolutionary history,
and the influence of geology and climate of the region. A total of 292
individuals from 94 locations were genotyped for two mitochondrial DNA
loci (cytb, ND2 gene) and five nuclear introns
(Sox9-2, Rho-3, CCNB2-3, UCH-2,
DBI-2). We performed a suite of phylogenetic, population genetic,
and divergence dating analyses. The phylogenetic trees constructed using
mitochondrial loci inferred B. gargarizans being divided into two
major groups: West (China mainland) and Northeast (Northeast China,
Russia and Korean Peninsula). As with previous studies of this species,
we recover population genetic structure not tied to geographic region.
Additionally, we discover a new genetic clade restricted to Northeast
Asia that points towards the Korean Peninsula being a glacial refugium
during the Pleistocene. The weak phylogeographic pattern of B.
gargarizans is likely the result of multiple biological, anthropogenic,
and historical—robust dispersal abilities as a consequence of
physiological adaptations, human translocation, geologic activity, and
glacial cycles of the Pleistocene. We highlight the complex geologic and
climatic history of Northeast Asia and encourage further research to
understand its impact on the biodiversity in the region.
TRPA1 in obesity and insulin resistance
Authors: Mahajan Neha , Khare Pragyanshu , Kondepudi Kanthi , Bishnoi Mahendra
Published: December 2020

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is a calcium
permeable, non-selective cation channel, expressed in the sensory
neurons and non-neuronal cells of different tissues. Initially studied
for its role in pain and inflammation, TRPA1 has now functionally
involved in multiple other physiological functions. TRPA1 channel has
been extensively studied for modulation by pungent compounds present in
the spices and herbs. In the last decade, the role of TRPA1 agonism in
body weight reduction, secretion of hunger and satiety hormones, insulin
secretion and thermogenesis, has unveiled the potential of the TRPA1
channel to be used as a preventive target to tackle obesity and
associated comorbidities including insulin resistance in type 2
diabetes. In this review, we summarized the recent findings of TRPA1
based dietary/non-dietary modulation for its role in obesity prevention
and therapeutics.
Catalytic investigation of Pd(II) complexes over Heck-Mizoroki reaction: Tailored synthesis, characterization and density functional theory
Authors: Shukla Satyendra , Gaur Pratiksha , Bagri Sanjay , Mehrotra Ripul , Chaurasia Bhaskar
Published: December 2020

Tailored reaction of Schiff base ligands with palladium(II) chloride and imidazole afford three complexes of formula [Pd(II)(L)(imdz)2]Cl, which are L = 2-((E)-(p-lylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol (complex 1), 2-methoxy- -6-((E)-(phenylimine)methyl)phenol (complex 2) and 2-((E)-(4-chlorophenylimino) methyl)-6-methoxyphenol (complex 3). Compounds were characterized with elemental analysis, molar conductance, electronic spectroscopy, ESI-MS, FT-IR, TGA, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Molecular structure and different quantum chemical parameters were calculated using the B3LYP basis set of density functional theory with the standard 6-311+G (d, 2p) level. The catalytic potential of 1-3 was examined over Heck-Mizoroki reaction and found in order of 1 > 2 > 3.
Malware command and control over social media: Towards the server-less infrastructure
Authors: Radunovic Vladimir , Veinovic Mladen
Published: December 2020

Intrusions into the computer systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated.
Command and Control (C2) infrastructure, which enables attackers to remotely
control infected devices, is a critical component. Malware is set to connect
to C2 servers to receive commands and payloads, or upload logs or stolen
files. Since techniques for detecting traditional C2 servers are also
advancing, attackers look for ways to make C2 communication stealth and
resilient. Increasingly, they hide C2 communications in plain sight, in
particular on social media and other cloud-based public services. In this
paper, we identify several emerging trends in the use of social media for C2
communications by providing a review of the existing research, discuss how
attackers could combine these trends in the future to create a stealth and
resilient server-less C2 model, look at possible defence aspects, and
suggest further research.
Reinfección por SARS-CoV-2, ¿Qué conocemos hasta el momento?
Authors: Serrano-Arévalo Karen , Simancas-Racines Daniel , Guerra Verónica , Montesinos-Guevara Camila
Published: December 2020

La pandemia de COVID-19 sigue azotando al mundo, cada vez es más común escuchar casos de pacientes que vuelven a contagiarse o tienen recaídas. La causa de muchos de estos casos no es segura pero la información disponible apunta a que al menos una porción es debido a reinfección de SARS-CoV-2. Varios casos de reinfección confirmada mediante análisis genéticos demuestran que la reinfección de SARS-CoV-2 es posible, aunque por el momento es un fenómeno poco documentado, con menos de 30 reportes de casos genéticamente confirmados. A futuro las autoridades sanitarias deben tomar en cuenta la posibilidad de este evento para la toma de decisiones respecto a vacunas y políticas de prevención, mitigación y contención del virus.
Water-dispersed fluorescence nanomaterials based on boron nitride nanotubes
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Stetsyshyn Y. B. , Shevtsova T. V. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kostenko M. B. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2020

Water-dispersed fluorescence nanomaterials based on boron nitride nanotubes and grafted copolymer brushes (poly(acrylic acid-co-fluorescein acrylate) were successfully fabricated in a two-step process. The functionalization of BNNTs was confirmed by spectroscopic, gravimetric and imaging techniques. In contrast to “pure” BNNTs, functionalized BNNTs demonstrate intense green fluorescence emission at 520 nm. The developed hybrid structure can potentially be used for cellular imaging, as “smart” surfaces, nanotransducers and nanocarriers.
Toimimatonta tekniikkaa ja alitajuista vaikuttamista
Authors: Uimonen Heikki , Kytö Meri
Published: December 2020

Tarkastelemme teoreettis-metodologisessa artikkelissa taustamusiikkia osana jokapäiväistä elämää ja osana laajempaa musiikkikulttuuria ja musiikin kuuntelua. Taustamusiikilla tarkoitamme kaupallisissa ja julkisissa tiloissa pääosin taukoamatta soivaa, mekanisoitua musiikkia, jolla on kaupalliseen tuottavuuteen, työnteon edistämiseen tai muun toiminnan tukemiseen liittyvä funktio. Tutkimustehtävänä on kartoittaa niitä tilanteita, joissa oletettu musiikilla “vaikuttaminen” tapahtuu ja kuinka musiikkiin liittyvä toimijuus ilmenee siellä, missä musiikki faktisesti soi. Tämä tehdään lokakuussa 2019 tehdyn esitutkimuksen aineiston avulla. KAUPUNGIN keskustan liiketilojen taustamusiikkia dokumentoitiin haastattelemalla ja matkapuhelimien musiikintunnistussovelluksilla, minkä lisäksi työntekijöiltä tiedusteltiin heidän mahdollisuuksistaan vaikuttaa soivaan musiikkiin. Kontekstoimme tutkimusaineistoa teoreettiseen kirjallisuuteen sekä mediadiskurssiin, johon käytämme Helsingin Sanomien Muzak-taustamusiikkia koskevaa kirjoittelua kuusikymmentäluvulta nykypäivään.
Suonikylän kolttasaamelainen itkuperinne 1900-luvulla
Authors: Jouste Marko
Published: December 2020

Itkuvirsiperinne kuuluu lukuisten Luoteis-Venäjän kansojen kulttuureihin. Itkuvirret eli itkut tunnetaan myös kolttasaamelaisessa musiikkiperinteessä, jolla on vuosisataiset yhteydet muihin Luoteis-Venäjän alueen kulttuureihin. Kolttasaamelaisia itkuja on tutkittu aiemmin sangen vähän, mutta tallennettuja itkuja ja niihin liittyvää tietoa löytyy arkistoaineistoista.

Kolttasaamenkielinen nimitys itkuperinteelle on virss, ja itkujen esittämisestä käytetään verbiä virsseed. Itkuilla käsitellään suruun ja menetykseen liittyviä tunnetiloja. Itkuvirret ovat pääasiassa sooloesityksiä, ja niitä esitetään joko yksityisesti tai osana yhteisön kollektiivista surutyötä muun muassa hautajaisissa. Itkujen esitystilanteet, tekstien teemat ja musiikilliset rakenteet erottavat ne muusta kolttasaamelaisesta perinteestä. Itkujen kielelliset piirteet ovat pitkälti samanlaisia kolttasaamelaisen leuʹdd-perinteen kanssa.

Artikkelissa käsittelen kuolinitkuja, jotka liittyvät kuolemantapauksiin, hautaamiseen ja vainajien muisteluun, sekä hääitkuja, jotka kuuluvat tilanteeseen, jossa morsian hyvästelee lapsuuden ajan perheensä. Sivuan myös armeijaan tai sotaan lähtemiseen liittyviä rekryytti-itkuja, joista ei arkistoissa ole tullut esiin kuin muistitietoa.

Tarkastelen myös tilapääitkujen kaltaisena perinteenä tallenteita, joissa käsitellään toisen maailmansodan jälkeistä evakkoaikaa, vanhojen kotiseutujen kaipuuta ja kiitollisuutta. Itkuista tunnettuja tekstin osia on myös eräänlaisina itkusitaatteina kolttasaamelaisesta leuʹdd-perinteessä. Tämä kolttasaamelaisiin itkuihin liittyvä tutkimus on osa laajempaa kolttasaamelaisen musiikkikulttuurin tutkimusprojektia.
Analysis of the Main Theses of “Beyond Secular Order” by J. Milbank
Authors: Shchipkov Vasiliy A.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the main provisions, terms and methodology of «Radical Orthodoxy», proposed by J. Milbank in his book «Beyond the Secular Order» (2014) and focused on limiting the monopoly of secular metadiscourse and returning the traditional Christian worldview. The author renders and translates into Russian the key passages of the first chapters of the book. The article presents Milbank's analysis of the origins of the modern philosophy main principles, which marginalized theology and became the basis of the modern (secular) philosophy.
Post-Secularity: the Time of Opportunities or the Decline of Religious Traditions?
Authors: Rogozyansky Andrey B.
Published: December 2020

In the article, the author calls for the revision of the approach to the description of the state and behavior of religious individuals and communities. The methodology used by the majority of researchers and creators of post-secularity concepts, should in addition to external phenomenology, sociology and psychology, take into account the “transcendence of religion” as its main content and basic characteristic. The author shows how under the present-day conditions the religious systems undergo dramatic transformations and break away from their historical traditions. In such modified forms, they are deprived of opportunities and while interacting with the secular worldview, generate fictitious ideologized discourses, including quasi-conservative, along with the deceptive awareness of the onset of the alleged “post-secular era”.
The Birth of the “Russian Idea” and Its Political Realization in the Suppression the Polish Outbreak and the Russian North-West Province Reformation (1863-1865)
Authors: Bendin Alexander Yu.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the set of issues related to the Polish outbreak of 1863 influence on the mentality of Russian society and on the reforms of Russian north-west provinces. The author studies the military, political, ideological and religious aspects of the outbreak that gave the outbreak the character of a new hybrid war. He shows the Russian society reaction to the challenges of the Polish outbreak and the threat of foreign military intervention. He outlines the main postulates of all-Russian national ideology and the project of Western Province reformation offered by the conservatives and the Slavophils. The author analyzes the experience of the outbreak suppression and of north-west provinces reforms conducted by the governor-general M.N. Muraviev. The scientific novelty consists in the interdisciplinary study of the research issue and the drawing-up of the conception that explains the uniqueness of regional reforms due to colonial relations and the presence of new ideological and political motives of the reformers. The study allowed to define the special role of the Russian Western Province in the national and patriotic upsurge of the Russian society, in establishing the basics of all-Russian ideology and new ideological and political approach to regional reforms conducting.
A New Way of Life
Authors: Peacock Kimberley
Published: December 2020

Today was the day, I had waited all week for this moment but now that it’s here my nerves are in overdrive. Just last week Dad travelled to Masterton without me and Mum, to make contact with his biological mother. It must have gone well because now we’re all headed off to meet the rest of Dad’s family.
Wairangi
Authors: Trego-Hall Tiana
Published: December 2020

Cicadas sing under the hot summer sun; a gentle breeze cool the nikau trees along the riverbank uplifting an aroma of freshly cut grass. Waipoua Campgrounds never looked so vivacious. Hearing the call of nature, two cousins strip off their t-shirts and dive into the awa.
BUSINESS CULTURE: STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS, FORMATION FACTORS
Authors:   Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics & Law, Elnikova G.А. , Gorlova S.V. ,   Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics & Law, Vitokhina O.A. ,   Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics & Law
Published: December 2020

Entrepreneurship is a complex socio-economic phenomenon, the attitude to which in society is ambiguous. Despite the fact that its significance for society is difficult to overestimate, it is not always positively perceived by the population. The existing distrust to businessmen (entrepreneurs) is most often associated with their insufficiently high culture. Therefore, the problem of studying its current state, structure and functions, as well as formation factors, is relevant from both a practical and theo- retical point of view. The purpose of the article is to determine the structure, functions and factors of the formation of busi- ness culture, examined from the perspective of its further improvement. The methodological basis of the work is the systemic and structural-functional approaches, as well as sociological concepts of culture and entrepreneurship. It gives an interpre- tation of entrepreneurship and its essential functions; the concept of “business culture” is defined from the standpoint of the activity approach; the analysis of the structure, functions of the business culture and the factors of its formation are stressed. Based on the conducted analysis, three levels of entrepreneurial functions are distinguished. The implementation of these functions is facilitated by one or another type of entrepreneurial culture. The article considers such basic types of entre- preneurial culture as technological, legal, economic, communicative and personal, and identifies the possibilities of each of them to implement the essential functions of entrepreneurship. The dominant factors of its formation are presented as determinants of improving the culture of entrepreneurship: achievements in science and the development of advanced technologies, the socio-economic and political situation in society, and national and religious culture.
THE INSTITUTE OF THE PRESIDENCY IN THE CONDITIONS OF POLITICAL TURBULENCE: WORLDWIDE TRENDS
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Zaznaev O.I.
Published: December 2020

In the modern world, the institution of the presidency is undergoing changes under the influence of globalization processes, increasing complexity of life, new threats and risks, as well as global, regional and local challenges. The analysis of world polit- ical experience has allowed the author to identify a number of trends inherent in the development of the institution of the presidency. Firstly, new roles of the president appear, his functions expand both in the international arena and domestically. In particular, the role of national leader, ideological leader and anti-crisis manager are added to the traditional roles of the head of state and the head of the executive branch. Secondly, the volume of presidential power is growing, an imbalance of power is forming within the triangle "president - government - parliament". This trend is causing concern for the public, which offers different ways to “weaken” the presidential power. Thirdly, to extend their stay in power, the presidents under- take all kinds of manipulations. Fourth, a number of presidents seek to ensure the continuity of power and go to different methods of controlled transfer of presidential power, which are described in the article. Fifth, today in the world there is a re- quest for responsibility of the president, but the implementation of such a request is facilitated in only one form - impeach- ment. The author analyzes in detail modern impeachment, noting its excessive politicization.
VIRTUALITY, PUBLICITY AND COMMUNICATION OF MEANINGS IN THE NETWORK OF STRUCTURES
Authors:   Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law, Smykalov D.G.
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the specifics of the distribution of meanings in the society of network structures. It analyses the features of forming virtual communities on the basis of a community of ideas and interests, as well as behavioral reactions of an individual member of such a group. The article also reveals differences in the perception of information received in everyday and “virtual” life, with the role, significance and change of the usual markers of social identity in a network environment shown on the basis of these differences. Necessary conditions are formulated for the emergence and development of virtual associations, the main one being compensation for the lack of emotionality and eventfulness in everyday life, which is especially important when observing youth communities and predicting ways to influence and manage them, as well as a possible reaction to certain informational events. It justifies why the approach in which the participant feels their involvement and unity with the rest of the group’s members is the foundation for most methods of network separation, the most fruitful way to identify hostile or opposing groups and a powerful tool for introducing and communication of new meanings and how this effect is achieved. The article also discusses basic requirements that virtual associations provide for the successful self-fulfillment of an individual within a particular group and their fruitful interaction with other participants in public communication.
AXIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR AND VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF PROJECT STAKEHOLDER GROUPS
Authors:   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Khizbullina R.R. , Nurullina E.R. ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University
Published: December 2020

The presented article, based on the provisions of axiology, considers the peculiarities of economic behavior of project stakeholders through the lens of their value orientations. The need to study the specificity of values in the structure of economic behavior of stakeholders depending on their status positions and role function in the project is updated. As a result of methodological analysis, a sociological interpretation of the axiological basis of economic behavior of stakeholders within the project is presented, which lie in the plane of direct determination of value orientations, value interest and expected benefit of groups of stakeholders of the project. The methodological analysis carried out on the content of the concepts of "stakeholders" as beneficiaries of the project made it possible to treat the related terms "interested party," interested persons, "involved party" as equivalent. The article provides an example of methods by which socio-economic and synergistic effect can be achieved in working with stakeholders, taking into account the balance of interests and values of project participants. The characteristics of value orientations given in the article mediate their general principles of separation in the structure of economic behavior of stakeholders, on the basis of which existing models of influence on key and secondary stakeholders of the project can be built and/or supplemented, taking into account the interests of its parties, as well as on the basis of differentiation of types, tasks and goals of projects having their own certain range of interested stakeholders. Analysis and synthesis of provisions of axiology, methodology of domestic researchers in the field of theory of interaction with stakeholders to determine positions and specifics of participation of stakeholders in project activities made it possible to conclude that feedback is necessary in the system of evaluation measures to study social and economic efficiency of organizational activities for project implementation.
MANIFESTATION OF SUBJECTNESS OF STUDENT YOUTH IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE LIFE
Authors:   Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law, Elnikova G.А. , Davityan M.G. ,   Higher Education Belgorod State Agricultural Univerisity named after V. Gorin, Abakumova M.M. ,   Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law
Published: December 2020

Considering youth as the most important resource for the development of society, it is important to determine how they enter adulthood, which makes them an active subject of social actions and relationships. The formation of youth as a subject of social life can be interpreted as a state and as a process, which are expressed through the concept of «subjectness». The article gives the author's definition of the concept of subjectness of youth, which is considered as an opportunity for young people to show their independence, assert themselves and get real results from their actions, and also defines the spheres of activity in public and private life, within which the subjectness of student youth is manifested. The article argues that the subjectness of youth is a property that cannot be simultaneously and equally manifested in all spheres of activity, but is demonstrated only in certain areas, which can be in different periods, based on the political, socio-economic and sociocultural situation, serve different areas of activity. The article is written on the basis of an analysis of the data of the author's sociological research conducted in the universities of the city of Belgorod using the focus group method, and it substantiates the position that in modern reality the subjectness of student youth is manifested mainly in such spheres of activity as volunteering and family strategies. while in the educational process, in the political sphere and in professional careers, students do not recognize themselves as fully independent subjects.
INTERGENERATIONAL INTERACTION IN CORRECTIONAL WORK WITH JUVENILE OFFENDERS
Authors:   North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosova, Ivanova S.A. , Egorova V.N. ,   North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosova
Published: December 2020

The problem of juvenile delinquency has always existed. Typically, for juvenile offenders, the reference group is peers or friends with a history of antisocial behaviour. Typical character traits for a juvenile delinquent are such negative qualities as laziness, lack of will, irresponsibility, insensitivity, aggressiveness, excessive interest in spectacles, in their entertainment side, aimless pastime, frequent transitions from one activity to another with general inactivity and lack of hard work. Thus, we come to the conclusion that the deviant behaviour of juvenile offenders is due to the mutual influence of environmental factors and the deformation of the value-motivational sphere. Unfortunately, the problem of juvenile delinquency is still relevant in our republic. In addition, the growth in juvenile delinquency has outpaced the growth in adult crime. In this regard, it seems necessary to correct the motives and values in the personal sphere of juvenile offenders in the process of their social rehabilitation. In this situation, it becomes necessary to search for and test effective methods for the prevention and correction of asocial behaviour in adolescents. The article presents the results of our experiment to test the correctional program, to study changes in the value-motivational sphere of the personality of juvenile delinquents. The following methods were used: questioning, observation, conversation, psychological and pedagogical correction, interviews, comparative analysis, Fisher's angular transformation. In an experiment of intergenerational interaction of adolescent volunteers from among offenders and elderly people, 60 adolescents and 12 elderly people were subjects. In the process of conducting the experiment of intergenerational interaction, the main difficulty for the volunteers was gaining the trust of older people, conducting joint creative activities, which were overcome with the help of the experiment consultants. The foregoing allows us to note that timely correctional and rehabilitation work, which was exciting for them, increased independence, self-confidence and responsibility for the work started. The results obtained allow us to note that the experiment we conducted has a positive effect and can be applied as a rehabilitation and preventive method in working with juvenile offenders. Timely correctional and rehabilitation work, which was exciting for them, increased independence, self-confidence and responsibility for the business started.
THE CITY AND PUBLIC RELATIONS IN THE WORKS OF CLASSICS OF EUROPEAN SOCIOLOGICAL THOUGHT
Authors:   Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law, Manyshev I.V. , Trunov A.A. ,   Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law
Published: December 2020

Urban studies has occupied and continues to occupy a special place in the system of sociological knowledge. G. Simmel, F. Tennis and E. Durkheim paid great attention to the problem of the genesis and evolution of large and small cities, the devel- opment of urbanization processes, various aspects of integration, mobilization and social activism within a single urban space. Classics of European sociological thought laid a powerful theoretical and methodological foundation for the scientific study of the institute of public relations in the social space of European cities of the late XIX – first half of the XX centuries. Their fun- damental differences between the countryside and the city, the specifics of private and public life in small and large cities, the antagonism between community and society, organic and mechanical solidarity, the progress of civilization and the parallel growth of social deviations allow a more adequate approach to the study of the institute of public relations, but in re- lation to modern realities, which are characterized by the processes of digitalization and globalization, the rapid develop- ment of high technologies, new opportunities for social interaction, which become available not only for the elite, but also for ordinary citizens. Without effective public relations, it is difficult to imagine the activities of city authorities and services, trade firms, corporations, police, educational and cultural institutions. We consider public relations as a universal socio-cultural mechanism that allows us to establish and maintain effective public communications between management entities and segments of the urban social environment that are important for their activities (individuals and social groups) in the mode of dialogue and search for joint solutions to current problems.
Sources Autonomy of the Subject of Social Relations
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Ogorodnikov Aleksandr Yuryevich
Published: December 2020

The paper explicates the ontological aspects of the Genesis of individuality in the social space, explains the nature of social activity in accordance with the degree of individualization of social construction. The author aims to explain the possibilities of individual social reflection and design of social participation, contributing to the strengthening of society, the disclosure of their freedom through the knowledge of their own being as part of the universal being. The paper uses the concept of the subject of social relations in a new way. The ontological basis of subjectivity is derived from the self-disclosure of all the properties of being in a particular phenomenon, in a particular case, in the disclosure of the generic qualities of a person through reproducing and transforming activity. The study shows that self-knowledge and life in accordance with the constructed “I-image” as dialectics of knowledge about real and potentially sophisticated properties requires approbation in social creativity. The Genesis of individuality cannot be reduced only to the synthesis of social approval of “significant others” or the discovery of original ways of inclusion in the social space. The basis of individualization is the possibility of creative improvement of the life world on the basis of Autonomous decision-making, the discovery of significance for society and the world person himself as a being subject.
Russian-Chinese (Harbin) Polytechnic Institute at the Stage of its Creation (1920–1925): to the 100th Anniversary of its Establishment
Authors:   Pacific National University, Malyavina Lyudmila Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

The paper examines the history of the formation of Harbin poly-technical university, which is one of the leading modern universities of the People’s Republic of China and the initial period of its operation as the Russian-Chinese Polytechnic Institute (RCPI). The research is based on reports on the activities of the RCPI for the 1920–1925s, prepared for the Harbin press by its first principle, Russian engineer Alexey Alekseyevich Schelkoff (1876–1942), who found himself in China (since 1920) on the wave of post-October emigration. The studied sources made it possible to present the Institute's organization as a result of joint activities of the Russian and Chinese administration of the Board of the China-Eastern railway and representatives of the emigrant scientific community to provide the road with qualified engineering personnel, to clarify information about the personal composition of the Society for the establishment of the Russian-Chinese Institute from the Chinese side. The article describes the structure of the Institute, highlights the features of financing RCPI and the organization of the educational process. The data on the number and personal of the first RCPI teachers (as of 1923), the dynamics of growth in the number of students in 1920–1924, including information on the number of Chinese students studying at the University, are presented. The names of the first graduates who graduated from the Institute in October 1924 and January 1925 are given.
The Borderland Policy of the Russian Empire in the 19th Century: Essence, Trends, Results
Authors:   Saint Petersburg University  of Management Technologies and Economics, Bedrik Anton Sergeyevich , Ivasenko Roman Petrovich ,   Saint Petersburg University  of Management Technologies and Economics
Published: December 2020

The present study analyzes the essence and main trends in the development of the policy of the Russian autocracy in the national question in the 19th century. The factors that influenced the complication of interethnic relations in the period under consideration are identified. The study considers active foreign policy of the Russian Empire that resulted in the annexation of new territories which population was the traditional antagonist of Russians, the nation that made the core of the empire’s population. The contradictory nature of the borderland policy of the autocratic government in the 19th century is emphasized. In this connection, the present study provides analysis of the content of two radically opposite models of the policy implementation. In conclusion it is substantiated that lack of foresight and wrong policy decisions of the supreme authority of the Russian Empire with regard to the acquired territories and their peoples, became one of the key determinants of the rapid development of the revolutionary crisis and the collapse of the imperial state at the beginning of the 20th century.
Perencanaan Kewirausahaan Berbasis Digital Melalui Kanalyoutube Musik Jazz Herdito Tamami
Authors: Tamami Moch Herdito
Published: December 2020

The fast echnology development from time to time, gives indirect impact in business environment which brings change in market environment. Herdito Tamami Youtube is created as media to acknowledge Jazz Music to Semarang society and its surroundings. Innovation was conducted to Herdito Tamami Youtube by market expanding, increasing competitive advantage, and getting new income source. Feasibility study toward business innovation through youtube canal is conducted to know how far this innovation gives impact to Herdito Tamami Youtube. This Classroom Action Research method used mixed method. Primary data was get by interview and direct observation toward Jazz lovers and performers and email interview to Indonesian youtuber. From the research result, it is found that business innovation of Herdito Tamami Youtube through youtube canal can expand market reach, increase competitive advantage in theme originilatity and its topic, but not yet give new income source outside main activity. From feasibility study of innovation, it was found that this innovation was worth to be developed and increased concerning its future income.
La Gestión de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en las Empresas Industriales de Santa Cruz de la Sierra en Bolivia
Authors: Borras Atienzar Francisco Fidel , Revollo Lijeron Carlos Rosembert
Published: December 2020

El trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio realizado con el fin de valorar la gestión de la responsabilidad social en las empresas industriales de la Ciudad de Santa Cruz de la Sierra en Bolivia. La investigación utiliza varios métodos y técnicas científicos, entre ellos, el cuestionario a través de encuesta, el análisis de contenido y la triangulación de fuentes, los cuales se aplicaron a una muestra estadística representativa del total de empresas cruceñas. Los resultados evidencian que la gestión de la responsabilidad social empresarial es muy débil y que la atención a la dimensión económica sobresale por encima de las dimensiones social y ambiental.
PowerStaTim 1.0 – un nou program statistic de calcul a mărimii efectului și a puterii statistice
Authors: Sava Florin , Maricuțoiu Laurențiu
Published: December 2020

Lucrarea de față prezintă principalele caracteristici ale unui nou program statistic de calcul al indicatorilor mărimii efectului si puterii statistice: PowerStaTim 1.0 (Maricuțoiu & Sava, 2007). Prima parte a articolului prezintă argumentele care explica necesitatea calculării mărimii efectului si a puterii statistice în cercetarea psihologică. A doua parte familiarizează cititorul cu caracteristicile tehnice ale PowerStaTim 1.0 si cu opțiunile de procesare oferite de acest program statistic.
"Kail sejengkal janganlah menduga dalam lautan": Mengapa psikologi perlu lebih daripada studi empiris
Authors: Himawan Karel Karsten
Published: December 2020

Mayoritas studi di bidang psikologi menekankan pada paradigma berbasis pada bukti yang mengandalkan observasi objektif (positivisme) maupun integritas dan kompetensi peneliti (konstruktivisme) dalam menginterpretasikan sebuah realita. Paradigma ini seringkali diimplementasikan secara reduksionistik, di mana studi ilmiah di bidang psikologi hanya dapat dilakukan melalui metode empiris yang mengandalkan data primer. Ini adalah realita yang terjadi, terutama di Indonesia, di mana kebanyakan publikasi ilmiah di bidang psikologi mengisyaratkan studi empiris dengan metode kuantitatif dan/atau kualitatif. Dalam catatan ini, saya memperkenalkan berbagai metode alternatif selain studi yang mengandalkan data primer untuk menjustifikasi nilai kebenaran dan kegunaan dari suatu argumen. Berkenaan dengan hal itu, catatan ini juga hendak menginformasikan langkah strategis Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat untuk mewadahi bentuk publikasi dengan telaah sejawat selain studi empiris demi mewujudkan diseminasi yang cepat dan akurat mengenai perkembangan pengetahuan di bidang psikologi ulayat di Indonesia.
Numerical simulation of transient processes in propeller shaft straining under ice loads
Authors: Aleksandrov Anatoliy V. , Rybalko Trifon R.
Published: December 2020

Object and purpose of research. The object of the research is the shaftline of an icebreaker and ice-going vessels, the purpose is to develop an algorithm for determining the loads for calculating the strength of the shafts of icebreakers and icegoing vessels under ice loads in a nonlinear dynamic setting and determining the dynamic magnification factor.
Materials and methods. The study is based on finite element method (FEM).
Main results. As a result of numerical analysis, the magnification factors of ice loads acting on the propeller shaft when vessel moves in an ice field up to 4 m thick are investigated.
Conclusion. The research results can be used to calculate the fatigue strength of the icebreakers and ice-going vessels shaftlines.
Influence of corrosive wear on hull strength of sea-going ships
Authors: Burnasheva Nadezhda V. , Kudrin Mikhail A.
Published: December 2020

Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses hulls of ships, both in-service and under construction. The purpose of the research is to evaluate and monitor the effect of corrosion wear on their global and local strength.
Materials and methods. Corrosion wear was taken into account on the basis of the methodology of the Rules of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping and service life test data for hull samples. The assessment of the corrosive wear effect on the local strength of the plates was carried out using the finite element method.
Main results. The corrosive wear effect on the parameters of global and local strength of ship hulls is considered. Experimental fatigue curves are obtained from service-life test results for welded samples with and without corrosive wear. Numerical modeling of the change in the stress-strain state of the plate on the size and number of corrosion pits is performed. Various methods of accounting for corrosive wear in the rules of international and indigenous classification societies are considered.
Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate and confirm the need to take into account corrosive wear when calculating the overall and local strength of new and used ship hulls.
Minderheiten und Minderheitenschutz in Frankreich
Authors: Gornig Gilbert
Published: December 2020

The official French state doctrine denies the existence of national minorities in French territory. One assumes a homogeneous nation (nation homogène). French is the only official language in France. The enforcement of the French language was extremely important for the success of centralization, since minorities often define themselves through their common language. Nevertheless, linguists estimated that there are still almost 80 regional languages spoken in France! - Minorities include the Flemish, Alsatian, Lorraine, Breton, Basque, Catalonian and Corsican. The people living in Occitania are also characterized by cultural and linguistic common ground. The Départments d’Outre-Mer contain a variety of regional minorities. Most people are Creoles. - French law does not know the concept of a minority. This is a consequence of the centralist thinking that has always shaped the French legal system. Since France does not recognize a minority in its territory, there is no explicit protection against discrimination for - linguistic and cultural - minorities and there are no special regulations in the right to vote for parties or members of national minorities or ethnic groups. A specialty applies only to Corsica. An autonomy statute was created for this island.