bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EU Renewable Energy Support Law: An Autonomous-Principled Sub-Field of Energy Law
Authors: Iliopoulos Theodoros G.
Published: December 2024

Supportive financing for renewable energy sources (RES) is crucial for the attainment of clean energy transition. Nevertheless, ‘renewable energy support law’, that is, the corpus of rules that govern the design, enactment, and implementation of support schemes for RES is not consolidated as a discipline of law yet. Accordingly, this paper aspires to crystallize renewable energy support law as an autonomous sub-field of energy law. It investigates the features that determine the disciplinary identity of an area of study: a link with societal challenges, the development of concrete objectives and methods, and the formulation of principles. The paper proceeds to establish that energy lawmeets these criteria. Next, it demonstrates that, within the broader framework set by the ‘Energy Trilemma’ theory, renewable energy support law has special societal relevance, and, mostly, distinctive principles: (1) the market-based and market-responsive character and (2) the predictability of the terms of support, which are autonomous, and unique in this discipline of law; (3) the principle of an open, transparent, competitive, non-discriminatory, and cost-effective granting of support, which is a unique feature of this field, but draws inspiration from public procurement law; and, (4) borrowed from state aid law, the avoidance of unnecessary market distortions.
In Search of the Golden Ratio: The Conundrum of Balancing Environmental Protection and Energy Security
Authors: da Silva Erriketi Tla
Published: December 2024

The European Union (EU) is facing the dual challenge of ensuring energy security and compliance with environmental commitments in the wake of geopolitical upheaval. Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine prompted a reassessment of the EU’s energy situation and revealed the intricate web of connections between energy and environmental policies. To address this unprecedented crisis, the EU launched the REPowerEU plan, representing a big step towards energy transition and reducing dependency on Russian fossil fuels.Amidst the urgency of addressing energy security, the challenge of avoiding environmental deregulation comes to the forefront and there is an imperative need to find the right legal tools to conduct a delicate balancing exercise ensuring that energy security measures align with the commitment to environmental sustainability.In this direction, this paper examines the impact of the REPowerEU plan and its accompanying legislative instruments on EU Environmental Law, focusing on Regulation (EU) 2023/435, Directive 2018/2001, and Council Regulation 2022/2577. It explores whether these legislative amendments present an impermissible retreat from environmental standards and considers ways to manage the challenges of balancing environmental protection with energy security, with the application of the emerging principle of nonregression.
Legal Principles for a European Green Energy Transition
Authors: Iliopoulos Theodoros G. , Galbiatti Silveira Paula , Penttinen Sirja-Leena
Published: December 2024

The green energy transition has become a top priority for the European Union (EU) and its Member States. In line with the long-standing recognition of the need for climate change mitigation, recent years have seen a significant intensification of policies promoting this transition. Furthermore, recent global events, such as the pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, have further influenced EU energy policy. These developments have led to legislative action on many fronts to facilitate the transition towards net-zero, but also to enhance energy security and resilience. This Special Issue focuses on the legal principles governing the European green energy transition, also in the light of major recent developments. This foreword sets the stage by exploring the nature of legal principles in general and by discussing specifics of EU energy law principles. Further, this foreword suggests a differentiation between a) principles that enhance coherence within energy law by reflecting its core values, and b) principles that facilitate the green energy transition by ensuring that legal interpretation aligns with its objectives. Last, the foreword provides an introduction and a brief presentation of the Special Issue articles, which are organized around the abovementioned distinction, and invites readers to explore the articles further.
Energy Transition and Democratic Challenges: The Contribution of EU Law
Authors: Jaria-Manzano Jordi
Published: December 2024

The legal design of future energy systems should be inserted in a far-reaching reflection on how energy is used and distributed according to the social goals defined within the framework of an institutional arrangement interacting with technological innovation. Energy law is then not to be seen as an independent branch of public law but as a particular approach in the overall legal framing of social reproduction processes. Energy democracy should be tackled according to this mindset. It had become almost a truism to think that energy transition to a post-fossil model is as such a way to enhance democracy. However, significant boost of socio-environmental conflicts related to renewable energy facilities raise doubts about an alleged necessary relation between new sources of energy, technological innovation and increasing democratization within the framework of a more or less smooth transition.The implementation of renewable energy in the context of energy transition has opened a debate about energy democracy. However, the discussion is often centred in the acceptability of renewable energy generation projects. Energy communities provide a way to develop robust democratic practices in the energy system, addressing inequalities and exclusions and promoting democracy as a fundamental social value. EU law has incorporated these entities and, thus, provide opportunities to bridge energy systems with democratic practices according with core values of the Union, although an explicit democratic principle is not to be found in EU law, which can contribute in a significant way to achieve a profound democratization of the energy systems. This contribution would be enhanced with a more explicit assumption of the democratic principle in energy related directives.
The EU’s Geopolitical Awakening Following the Russian Invasion of Ukraine: How the Commission Shifted from a Regulatory Market-Based Approach to a Geopolitical Approach in Its External Energy Policy
Authors: Georgio Natasha A.
Published: December 2024

The Ukraine invasion has been a watershed moment in EU-Russia gas relations, which has resulted in a shift in the European Commission’s (EC’s) approach towards Russia and European energy policy. Whilst the EC has traditionally followed a rule-based market approach in its external energy relations with Russia, there appears to have been a shift from the prevailing liberal market model to a more strategic and geopolitical approach focused on energy security.Although the EC has sometimes displayed tendencies of a realist nature, these realist elements in its external action have been exacerbated following the invasion of Ukraine. This article engages in a theoretical debate between the conceptualizations of the EU as a liberal actor versus the perception of the EU as a realist actor. Whilst there is literature to support both views, the debate can be further developed after the war in Ukraine. Since the invasion, the EC appears to have undertaken a more robust and coherent stance towards Russia in its commitment to decouple European economies from Russian gas to ensure EU energy security. The change in objectives illustrate a shift in the EU’s energy policy from the liberal paradigm of markets to geopolitics, as the new dynamics of EU-Russia energy relations, following the invasion of Ukraine.
The EU’s Response to the War-Induced Energy Crisis: Legal and Budgetary Issues to ‘Insure Domestic Tranquility’
Authors: Fabbrini Federico
Published: December 2024

Russia’s aggression in Ukraine has caused a severe energy crisis for the European Union (EU). The purpose of this article is to examine the core legal measures that the EU deployed since the start of the war to address a spike in energy prices, to facilitate the green transition and to develop an industrial policy for the net-zero age. The article argues that the EU measures adopted to respond to Russia’s aggression in the fields of energy and industry have exploited potentials of the EU treaties and contributed to mitigate the energy crisis – thus preserving public support for Ukraine’s cause too. Nevertheless, the article also discusses how EU interventions in the energy market and efforts to decarbonize industry have caused legal and budgetary issues. In particular, the article assesses the legality of some of the emergency measures, such as a windfall tax on surplus profit for energy companies. Moreover, it considers the challenges to the EU internal market level playing field resulting from the relaxation of EU state aid law – especially in the absence of corresponding supranational spending to fund the green industrial deal – and highlights the risks for EU competitiveness.
Analysing the Ex-ante Regulations in India’s Digital Competition Bill and Its Effects on Indian Business Interests
Authors: Afuwape Kolawole
Published: December 2024

The digitization of economic activity has important socio-economic development implications and at the same time creates challenges for antitrust analysis. These implications and challenges have been met differently in jurisdictions around the world. This paper makes a comparison of the exante regulations between India’s Draft on Digital Competition Bill with that of the European Union’s (EU’s) Digital Markets Act (DMA). India, like many technologically conscious jurisdictions, is introducing more demanding ex-ante regulations for its digital economy. The draft Bill centred on the work of a Digital Markets Economy; India’s proposals are defined by an explicit commitment to ‘pro-competition’ regulation. This article traces the evolution and emerging design of the forthcoming Indian digital markets regime in comparison with the EU. The article proposes to expand the competition enforcement by adopting a ‘rule-making’ approach to reduce the market-wide uncertainty, and cost of litigation and reduce unexpected outcomes. The latter is founded on a hybrid-mutual influence approach and intends to reduce the current inconsistencies existing between the regulatory and competition bodies in India.
Resale Price Maintenance in EU Competition Law: Understanding the Significance of Super Bock
Authors: Colomo Pablo Ibáñez
Published: December 2024

The Court of Justice (ECJ) ruling in Super Bock is a significant development in EU competition law. The judgment marked the end of the Court’s sui generis approach to resale price maintenance. Whether or not this practice amounts to a restriction of competition by object is now evaluated in light of the same factors against which the legality of the rest of practices is assessed (namely the content of the agreement, its objective aims and the economic and legal context of which it is a part). Accordingly, it is conceivable that, at least in some scenarios, resale price maintenance does not have, as its object, the restriction of competition. It remains to be seen whether the potential for change will be reflected in subsequent developments.
Admissibility of Written Witness Statements in Arbitration
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Yovcheva Silvia
Published: December 2024

The article examines the main differences between witness testimony in arbitration and in civil litigation. The main distinctions between testimony in public and private litigation stem from the fact that arbitration proceedings are much more informal and therefore lack many of the limitations associated with the admissibility of witness statements. The lack of formality in arbitration proceedings predetermines the procedure for gathering witness statements, which, unlike that in civil litigation, can be admitted in the form of written testimony.
Definition of Conflict of Interests Under the Anti-corruption Act
Authors:   Varna University of Management, Nikolov Nikolay
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the elements and formulates a definition of conflict of interest according to the current Bulgarian legislation in the public sector. Such a definition in a global aspect is also presented, which takes into account the fact that in some countries the conflict of interest is a crime.
For Rights of Common-law Partners in Inherited Pensions
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Gicheva Silvia
Published: December 2024

This report aims to analyze the current situation regarding the lack of rights of common-law partners in the case of inherited pensions. It examines the institution of marriage, the trends related to non-marital relationships, the need for change, and the consequences to which the conservatism of the Insurance Law leads.
The Test for Proportionality – Content and Consistency of the Proportionality Judgment
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Sivkov Tsvetan
Published: December 2024

This article examines the proportionality test as a system of formalized verifications of the necessity and justification of the use of government violence in restricting human rights. The article sets out the four elements of the proportionality test. The author points out that these elements are also stages of the check carried out in the proportionality test. The elements of the proportionality test are discussed in detail by the author. The proportionality test is presented as a methodology and system of criteria for this protection and for the actual observance of the established democratic standards.
A View on the Administrative Prejudices in the Criminal Code from the Point of Multiple Offences
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Chakarova-Dimitrova Izabela
Published: December 2024

This article presents a view on the administrative prejudices in the Criminal Code from the point of multiple offences. The author attempts to define the “peculiar” multiple offences and to outline their most important characteristics. This article dwells on the general regularities and prerequisites for the “peculiar” multiple offences.
The Principle of Proportionality and Operational Autonomy
Authors:   Sofia Bar Association, Dimitrova Irina
Published: December 2024

This article aims to highlight the importance of the principle of proportionality as a basic principle in the administrative process. Through its prism, it examines the issues related to the acts of administrative bodies issued under conditions of operational autonomy, as well as under bound competence. It focuses on the administrative control and judicial supervision of these acts, analyzing their limits and legal consequences.
A numinózus hermeneutikája – a lovecrafti szövegvilág vallásfenomenológiai nézőpontból
Authors: Szemerics András
Published: December 2024

Az alábbi tanulmányban szeretnék kísérletet tenni Howard Phillips Lovecraft
(1890–1937) életműve néhány szövegének a hermeneutikai eljárás segítségével
történő megszólaltatására. Ennek során igyekszem felmutatni azt az eidetikus
tapasztalatmodellt, melybe a lovecrafti szövegvilágban a numinózus avagy a szent
fenomenológiai-esztétikai „áttörése” rendeződik. Hipotézisem szerint a szerző a
numinózus egy olyan radikális megjelenítésébe vonja be az olvasót, ami filozófiai szempontból a szent irodalmi, esztétikai és egyéb kulturális megnyilatkozásainak
újraértelmezését, új árnyalatok felfedezését teszi lehetővé. Érinteni fogom a mitopoétikus alkotásmód, valamint a romantikus formai örökség jelentőségét, majd
ezt követően a szöveget „átfuttatom” a posztmodern, dekonstruktív gondolkodás
fogalomrendszerén is. Az eljárás célja függetleníteni a szent poétikáját és hermeneutikáját1
a klasszikus nyugati metafizikai létszemléletből fakadó egyoldalú
előfeltevésektől. A „lovecraftiánus” numinózuskoncepció így termékeny módon
bevonhatóvá válik a posztmodernből kiinduló világérzékelés diszkurzusaiba is.
A dolgozat kiemelten Lovecraft két, az úgynevezett Álom-ciklushoz (Dream
Cycle) sorolható művét szeretné „szóra bírni”: a Zarándoklat Kadathba/Az ismeretlen
Kadath álomkeresése (1926/Beyond the Wall of Sleep, 1943) című kisregényt és Az
ezüstkulcs kapuin át (Weird Tales, 24, No. 1, 60–85, 1934. július) című elbeszélést.
Ezen kívül felhasználom még A megnevezhetetlen (Weird Tales, 1925. július) című
novellát és az Azathoth (1922; Leaves 2, 107, 1938) regénytöredéket.
Analyzing the Impact of Pricing, Promotions, and Customer Experience on Purchase Decisions: A Case Study of Birth Control Pill Sales by a Pharmaceutical Company in Palembang
Authors: Ningtyas Rahayu , Elpanso Efan
Published: December 2024

The business sector is undergoing significant expansion, compelling enterprises to compete fiercely. Presently, purchase decisions are impacted not only by the quality of the product or service but also by Price, advertising, and experience. This study seeks to assess the impact of pricing, promotion, and experience on Andalan KB PIL's purchasing decisions at a Palembang pharmaceutical company. This research employs a quantitative methodology. The sample population comprises multiple pharmacies distributing Andalan KB PIL at a pharmaceutical company in Palembang.
Consequently, 30 samples were acquired that satisfied the criterion. Data analysis employing statistical tools, specifically the SPSS Version 26 application. The study's results indicated that Price did not exert a positive and significant partial effect on purchase decisions, with a significance value of 0.001 (<0.005) and a computed t value of 0.741 (<1.699). Promotion does not exert a positive and significant partial effect on purchasing decisions, evidenced by a significance value of 0.000 (<0.005) and a t-count value of 0.906 (<1.699). The Experience variable does not significantly influence purchase decisions, evidenced by a significance value of 0.000 (less than 0.005) and a t-count value of 0.726 (less than the t-table value of 1.699). The significance at 5% with df1 = 3 and df2 = 26 yielded an F-table value of 3.315. Since the F-count exceeds the F-table and the significance value is 0.000, which is less than 0.005, it can be stated that the variables of Price, promotion, and experience collectively exert a substantial influence on purchasing decisions.
The Influence of Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Operating Costs on Operating Income (BOPO) on Return on Assets (ROA)
Authors: Mega Chinthia Cahya , Fitria Bulan Tati , Kumalasari Roro Endah , Damayanti Indah , Ramdani Adam
Published: December 2024

This study examines the influence of LDR and BOPO on ROA at a bank in Bandung. Return on Assets (ROA) highlights the Company's ability to produce revenue from its operations by efficiently using its assets. Factors affecting Return on Assets (ROA) encompass the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and the Operating Expenses to Operating Income Ratio (BOPO), all of which impact ROA.
The study's population consisted of four years of financial records from a bank in Bandung, encompassing all four quarters. The sample was selected using the time series approach, consisting of 16 financial reports from 2018 to 2021. The applied data testing method was multiple linear regression, utilizing a significance level of 5% alpha.
The findings indicated that LDR did not exert a significant influence on ROA. Despite LDR exhibiting a positive coefficient, the significance value is above the conventional threshold, suggesting that the impact of LDR on ROA is minimal and statistically insignificant. Conversely, BOPO substantially impacts ROA, with a negative coefficient and a minimal significance value. The rise in BOPO, signifying diminished operational efficiency, adversely affects ROA, suggesting that elevated operating costs diminish the bank's profitability. Subsequent research indicated that the regression model accounts for most of the variation in ROA, demonstrating a robust association between LDR and BOPO with ROA. It is advised that the Company's management concentrate on optimizing operating cost management to enhance ROA. Implementable strategies encompass conducting frequent audits to identify and mitigate waste and enhancing the efficiency of operational procedures. Despite LDR not demonstrating a significant impact, it is crucial to monitor this ratio to ensure the bank's liquidity and financial stability. This study also advocates for additional research to investigate other variables that may influence ROA, along with a comprehensive examination of operational elements to enhance profitability.
Effectiveness of virtual reality media based on local wisdom: Indigenous Baduy Tribe, Kasepuhan Citorek and Kesepuhan Neglasari Banten Indonesia
Authors: Adiputra Dede Kurnia , Japar Muhammad , Muslim Suyitno
Published: December 2024

The application of Virtual Reality media based on local wisdom in learning Natural and Social Sciences for grade IV elementary school students, with an emphasis on the culture of the Baduy Tribe, Kasepuhan Citorek, and Kesepuhan Neglasari in Banten, Indonesia. This study is to assess how virtual reality technology can improve students' understanding and interest in Natural and Social Sciences materials related to local wisdom and customs. The results of the study indicate that the virtual reality media applied is effective in significantly improving students' understanding. The average N-Gain value of 0.85 indicates the success of the media in achieving its goals. It can be concluded that the use of virtual reality not only deepens students' understanding of Natural and Social Sciences topics related to local wisdom, but also motivates them to be more active in the learning process.
Sociocultural experiences of first year students: A case study of a selected university in South Africa
Authors: Kanyopa Theresia Joakim , Mokhele-Makgalwa Matseliso , Mufanechiya Albert
Published: December 2024

The transition into higher education institutions is a perilous life stage for every first-year university student around the world. The aim of the study is to explore the sociocultural and lived experiences of first year students in one of the universities in South Africa. This study adopted qualitative approach which involved the use of focus group discussion and questionnaire for data triangulation.  The diffusion of innovation theory of learning was used to frame the study. Convenient and purposive sampling were employed to select the sample population of 93 students who are coming from different provinces of South Africa, and registered for the first time at selected university to pursue their Bachelor Degrees in the faculty of Education. Findings revealed positive and negative experiences, and the study suggests the construction of knowledge through active engagement and involvement of these students as to help them to embrace both learning opportunities and challenges while studying at the university.
An assessment of the supply chain management for agricultural products in Cambodia
Authors: Hin Kosla , Lim Siphat
Published: December 2024

The primary objective of this research is to examine the supply chain management of cashew nuts, mangoes, and cassava in Cambodia. The findings indicate that Cambodian farmers predominantly rely on traditional methods for crop cultivation. A significant issue is their lack of adequate knowledge regarding the assessment and utilization of land quality, which results in both the quantity and quality of their crop yields falling short of acceptable standards. Consequently, this deficiency adversely affects the market prices of their produce. To address this knowledge gap, it is essential for relevant institutions, particularly the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, to offer training programs that focus on modern agricultural techniques aimed at enhancing both the quantity and quality of crop production. Additionally, the study highlights the absence of an institution dedicated to analyzing land types and quality in Cambodia. Moreover, the establishment of an effective irrigation system is crucial for the successful growth of crops.
EFFECT OF CRICKET POWDER ADDITION ON TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND QUALITY OF SAUSAGES
Authors: Kovál Adam , Nedomova Sarka , Slováček Jan , Kos Ivica , Hendrychová Veronika Božena , Kouřil Petr , Roztočilová Andrea
Published: December 2024

Edible insects are increasingly explored as alternative protein sources for the feed and food industry due to their potential for sustainable, high-quality protein production. The use of a powdered form of an insect in a ready-to-eat food can increase the willingness to consume insects. This study evaluates the chemical composition, colour, texture and sensory properties of sausages with the addition of cricket powder (3%, 6%, and 12% of cricket powder). The addition of cricket powder significantly increased the protein content of the sausages (p < 0.05). As the addition of cricket powder increased, the sausages became darker both on the surface and on the cut (p < 0.05). The textural properties were not affected by the addition of cricket powder (p > 0.05). For sensory descriptors, sausages without cricket powder scored the highest, and the scores decreased as the amount of cricket powder increased (p < 0.05) except odour where no significant differences were found (p < 0.05). The results showed that cricket powder can be used at lower levels in meat products without affecting sensory quality.
ОБ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СЕЙСМОИЗОЛЯЦИИ ДЛЯ ИНЖЕНЕРНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ ОТ ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЙ
Authors: Р.Т. Акбиев , Л.В. Мозжухина , А.М. Уздин , Р.С. Гейдаров
Published: December 2024

В публикации предложены подходы по оценке эффективности применения сейсмоизоляции для зданий массовой постройки, за основу которых принята математическая теория сейсмического риска в форме, предложенной академиком Л. В. Канторовичем. В качестве критерия эффективности приняты затраты на антисейсмическое усиление и ремонтные работы после землетрясений различ- ной силы за срок службы сооружения. Платежная матрица для оценки ущербов принята применительно к зданиям типовых серий на плотных нескальных основаниях. Для этих же зданий проводятся оценки на антисейсмическое усиление. Оценка эффекта про- ведена как с учетом только экономических потерь, так и с дополнительным учетом социальных потерь. Проанализированы все воз- можные в рамках нормативной базы варианты проявления сейсмической опасности на площадке строительства.
Beyond Profit: Ethical Imperatives and the Role of Duty of Care in Sustainable Investment Strategies
Authors: Nartey Emmanuel K
Published: December 2024

This paper critically examines the dynamic and evolving landscape of sustainable finance, exploring the complex interrelations between key investment strategies such as Socially Responsible Investing (SRI), Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing, impact investing, and thematic investing, alongside the European Union’s Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD). Through an extensive review of 50 scholarly articles and 25 global corporate reports, the study interrogates the conceptual ambiguities and overlapping elements inherent in these frameworks, revealing notable deficiencies in the ethical principles that underpin them. At the heart of this inquiry lies the concept of the duty of care, which compels investors to consider the broader social and environmental implications of their financial decisions. While these investment approaches purport to address pressing global challenges such as climate change and resource scarcity, the findings suggest that many of them prioritise financial returns over ethical considerations, thus compromising their potential to effect genuine change. The paper advocates for a profound re-evaluation of sustainable finance practices, calling for an ethical recalibration that transcends mere profit maximisation. As part of this reappraisal, the paper proposes a revision of the Typology of Sustainable Finance, as articulated by Schoenmaker and Schramade (2018), to embed the duty of care as a foundational principle, thereby offering a more rigorous framework for understanding and implementing sustainable finance. Moreover, the paper considers the EU CSDDD as a significant regulatory advancement, highlighting its potential to reshape corporate accountability and influence sustainable investment practices. Ultimately, this work seeks to contribute to a more coherent, ethically grounded conception of sustainable finance, one that fosters an investment culture truly reflective of social and environmental responsibility.
СRITICAL MICELLE CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILIZATION PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICAL SURFACTANT - RHAMNOLIPID
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, ARKHIPOV V.P. , KUZINA N.A. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: December 2024

Biological surfactants are an alternative to synthetic surfactants due to their unique properties, high degree of biodegradability, low toxicity, low cost. The paper summarises the results of studies of micellar and solubilising properties of bio-surfactants on the example of unfractionated rhamnolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a molar ratio of mono- and diramnolipid in the mixture of ≈ 2/3. The critical micellization concentration (cmc) of aqueous solutions of rhamnolipids was measured by tensiometry, conductometry, dynamic light scattering, and diffusion NMR. The cmc values obtained by various methods lie in the range of 0.1 - 0.35 g/L. Based on selective measurements of the self-diffusion coefficients (sdc) of molecules, carried out by diffusion NMR, the solubilizing properties of rhamnolipids were studied depending on their concentration in solution; known toxic environmental pollutants, aromatic hydrocarbons - benzene and phenol, were taken as solubilisates. Based on the measurement results within the framework of the two-phase model, the distribution coefficients of the solubilizate between the micellar (solubilized) and free (in the aqueous phase) states were calculated. Micellar solubilisation is detected by changes in the sdc of solubilisate molecules depending on the concentration of rhamnolipid in solution. It was found that at surfactant concentrations lower than the cmc, the values of the sdc of solubilisate molecules do not depend on the presence of surfactant in the solutions. With increasing concentration of rhamnolipid in solutions, the sdc of solubilisate molecules sharply decreases and becomes equal to the sdc of rhamnolipid micelles at high concentrations. The proportion of solubilised benzene and phenol molecules approaches 100% at a concentration of rhamnolipid in solution of 100-200 g/l, indicating high solubilisation efficiency.
A NEW APPROACH TO OBTAINING COMPLEXING SORBENTS CONTAINING IMINODIACETIC GROUP
Authors:   Udmurt State University, GAZIZYANOVA A.R. , KROPACHEVA T.N. ,   Udmurt State University
Published: December 2024

The results of the study of chemical modification of synthetic boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) surface with phosphonic complexone - imino-N,N-diuacetic-N-methylene phosphonic acid (PMIDA) to obtain a new complexing material capable of binding heavy metal ions are presented. The technique of simple one-step modification of boehmite by its treatment with aqueous solution of PMIDA (pH 2, temperature 20oC, time 6 h) was developed. The IR spectrum of the obtained PMIDA- boehmite shows bands characteristic of phosphonic -PO(OH)2 (900-1300 cm-1) and carboxyl -COOH (1637 cm-1 and 1386 cm-1) groups. As a result of modification, a dense coating (0.61 mmol/g or 1.5 groups/nm2) is formed on the surface of boehmite, in which the phosphonic group of PMIDA is the ‘anchor’ of the modifier, and the free iminodiacetate group shows complexing properties. The phosphonic coating was found to be hydrolytically stable at pH 2-7. It is shown that the sorption of metal ions (Ni(II), Cu(II)) by PMIDA- boehmite occurs in a more acidic environment compared to the original boehmite (shift of pH50by 2-3 units). Cu(II) ions bind to the -N(CH2COOH)2 group of fixed PMIDA more strongly than Ni(II) ions, similarly to the case for complexonates of these metals with PMIDA in solutions. PMIDA- boehmite can be recommended as a new effective material for sorption extraction and concentration of heavy metal ions under static conditions (sorption time 60 min). The developed method of fixation of iminodiacetate group using PMIDA can also be used in relation to other oxide carriers.
RECOGNITION OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE OBJECTS BASED ON THE YOLOV8 NEURAL NETWORK MODEL
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev, KHUSAINOV R.M. , TALIPOV N.G. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev
Published: December 2024

The work solves the problem of studying a neural network model for recognizing road infrastructure objects in a traffic situation. To solve this problem, it is advisable to use neural network technologies, including methods based on convolutional neural networks, since their training achieves the best results with high recognition accuracy. The stages of building a neural network model include collection, preprocessing and marking of source data, selection of tools and architecture, and training of the model. To build a neural network model for recognizing road infrastructure objects, it was decided to choose the YOLOv8 architecture, which has a fast learning speed and high detection accuracy. Primary data was collected in the form of real images of traffic signs, road markings and traffic lights. The volume of initial data was 425 images with different types of resolutions. Images were collected on the roads of the Republic of Tatarstan, taking into account weather (fog, sun glare, rain, snow) and time (evening and morning twilight) conditions. Data marking was done manually using the LabelImg tool. From the source data, training and test samples were formed for 3 classes of images, on which the neural network was trained and its adequacy was assessed. The neural network model was trained in the Python programming language in the Google Colaboratory interactive cloud environment. The Ultralytics library and the YOLOv8m modification were chosen for its training. The neural network model was trained for 1 hour and 15 minutes for 100 epochs. The accuracy of classification of road infrastructure objects reached 95%. To further evaluate the performance of the model, an error matrix was constructed and the values of the Precision, Recall, F1-score, and mAP metrics were calculated. The experimental results showed that the neural network convolutional model for detecting road infrastructure objects is adequate. The YOLOv8 neural network model can be practically used in intelligent transport systems, in the development of mobile applications for use in domestic cars (Moskvich, Lada, VAZ, UAZ and others), as well as when implemented in the dashboards of the listed cars.
FLOCCULATION OF BENTONITE CLAY WITH MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES AND VARIOUS NATURE SURFACTANTS
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, PROSKURINA V.E. , ALEKSEEVA A.A. , TUGANOV S.S. , DYUKINA L.R. , ZHDANOVA E.I. , TSATURYAN E.B. , GALYAMETDINOV YU.G. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: December 2024

The effect of cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants and magnetic nanocomposites including magnetite and analyzed surfactants on the size of floccule aggregates in a bentonite clay suspension has been studied. Magnetic nanocomposites (MN) were synthesized using the Rene Massart technique and studied by dynamic light scattering. At a concentration of 10 g/dm3, the magnetite particles had an average size of d = 50.8 nm and were negatively charged ζ = -40.6 mV, which indicates a high aggregative stability of Fe3O4 particles. The effect of the various nature surfactants concentration and magnetic nanocomposites based on them on the sedimentation stability of a bentonite clay suspension with varying pH under the influence of an external magnetic field was analyzed at the quantitative level in the mode of constrained sedimentation. The concentration region in which surfactant additives of various nature cause acceleration of sedimentation of bentonite clay has been determined. The appearance of differences in the values of flocculating activity with varying pH of the medium is due to a change in the structure of the double electric layer around bentonite clay particles. In the highly alkaline pH region (pH = 12), the value of flocculating activity with the participation of the MN-C sample at C = 75 × 10-2% is 4.25 times higher than that of the MN-A sample, which is due to the neutralization coagulation of particles due to a decrease in their surface charge and electrokinetic potential due to adsorbing CTAB cations in the MN-C. It should be noted that molecular binding is possible not only at the moment of interaction of bentonite clay particles with the formed adsorbed layer, but also during the gradual formation of the surface layer during the interaction of aggregates of macromolecules with the surface of bentonite clay particles. An increase in the compaction constant for systems involving magnetic nanocomposites was noted compared with a suspension of bentonite clay without additives. The research results presented in this paper can be applied to control the properties of multicomponent dispersed systems involving magnetic nanocomposites.
BLOCK COPOLYMERS OBTAINED USING A MACROINITIATOR, 2,4-TOLUYLENEDIISOCYANATE AND ORGANOSUBSTITUTED SILICA
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, LI E.D. , SAFIULLIN K.R. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, DAVLETBAEV R.S. ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University, SAZONOV O.O. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, ARKHIPOV A.V. ,   St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, DAVLETBAEVА I.M. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: December 2024

Using tetraethoxysilane, polyoxyethylene glycol, and copper chloride (CuCl2), self-condensation-resistant silicas with polyoxyethylene branches (ASiP-Cu) were synthesized. Features of the supramolecular organization of transparent block copolymers (OBCs) determine the chemical structure of the internal cavity of micro-sized voids and significant changes in the shape of the spectrum of the sorbed dye. The use of ASiP-Cu modifiers leads to a noticeable increase in the sorption capacity of OBS, which depends on the method of preparing ASiP-Cu and its amount in the OBC composition. The most significant increase in intensity in the maximum region of the electronic spectrum of immobilized organic dye R6G is observed when using ASiP-Cu-0.1 and ASiP-Cu-0.5 which were obtained using 0.1 and 0.5 wt.% CuCl2, respectively. An increase in the intensity of R6G sorption on OBC with an increase in the content of modifiers in their composition is accompanied by a decrease in the contact angle of the polymers. Modification of block copolymers using ASiP-Cu leads to an increase in their water absorption, reflecting an increase in the free volume of the polymers. Using OBC modified with 0.5 wt.% of the ASiP-Cu-0.5, a test system was obtained by immobilizing the analytical reagent PAN onto the polymer. It was found that PAN molecules quickly fill the free space of the polymer. Before carrying out the analytical reaction to determine CuCl2, the polymer with (1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol) (PAN) immobilized on it was preliminarily kept in water for 24 hours. This procedure is necessary to prevent the processes of desorption of the analytical reagent and its capture of ions of the metal being determined directly in the solution. The surface morphology of the samples was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Indentations are fixed on the surface of the samples. AFM images indicate the porous structure of OBC. Modification of OBC using ASiP-Cu leads to noticeable changes in the morphology of modified OBC, which depends on the structure of ASiP-Cu. The use of the ASiP-K modifier leads to a reduction in the number and size of depressions on the surface of the OBC sample.
Électromagnétisme
Authors: Gardiol Fred
Published: December 2024

La nouvelle édition de ce livre, complétée d'une section décrivant les guides d'ondes fibre optique, met en évidence les aspects les plus significatifs pour les ingénieurs - lignes de transmission, ondes et antennes - et donne un aperçu des méthodes modernes de calcul. Des principes de base de l'électromagnétisme, appliqués à la propagation et à la réflexion sur les lignes de transmission, à la propagation des ondes libres dans l'espace et au calcul des potentiels et des champs. Il intéressera en particulier les étudiants ingénieurs électriciens Bachelor - Licence et en systèmes de communications Master.
Théorie et traitement des signaux
Authors: de Coulon Frédéric
Published: December 2024

Elaboration, détection, interprétation de signaux porteurs d’informations sont les principaux objectifs du traitement des signaux. Cette discipline s’appuie essentiellement sur l’électronique et l’informatique. Elle trouve son champ d’application dans tous les domaines concernés par la perception, la transmission et l’exploitation d’informations. Ce vaste champ s’étend des télécommunications à l’instrumentation scientifique, de l’automatisation industrielle au génie biomédical, en passant par le traitement d’images, la reconnaissance de forme, la robotique, l’intelligence artificielle... L’outil d’analyse et de synthèse de traitement est la théorie du signal. C’est un ensemble de concepts et de modèles mathématiques inspirés de l’analyse fonctionnelle, de l’algèbre linéaire et du calcul des probabilités. La théorie du signal fait aujourd’hui partie du bagage culturel de tout ingénieur électricien de niveau universitaire. Elle intervient dans l’élaboration du cahier des charges et dans l’évaluation des performances de nombreuses installations techniques. Le but de cet ouvrage est d’apporter à l’ingénieur, ou à tout autre scientifique concerné, les bases fondamentales nécessaires à la compréhension et à l’utilisation de cette discipline.
Systèmes de mesure
Authors: Paratte Pierre-André , Robert Philippe
Published: December 2024

Ce volume expose les principes de base régissant la mesure des grandeurs, qu'elles soient électriques ou d'une autre nature. Il analyse chaque élément du système de mesures, en partant du capteur jusqu'au traitement statistique des résultats de mesure, traite des méthodes de réduction du bruit et de l'acquisition informatique des mesures. Cet ouvrage met un accent tout particulier sur les mécanismes de conversion les plus importants et développe largement l'application aux capteurs optiques.
Électroacoustique
Authors: Rossi Mario
Published: December 2024

L’électroacoustique fait appel à des notions, propriétés et technologies fort diverses: de l’acoustique physique aux techniques numériques, de la loi de Lenz à l’effet Villari, des couches ferromagnétiques aux films piézoélectriques. Cette situation a conduit l’auteur à construire ce volume sur la base d’un juste équilibre entre différents pôles évitant par là l’écueil d’un exposé trop spécialisé à une catégorie limitée d’application, comme c’est souvent le cas dans ce domaine. Les résultats d’acoustique théorique les plus fondamentaux pour l’électroacoustique sont exposés en évitant résolument des développements mathématiques trop complexes, mais en insistant sur l’interprétation physique des phénomènes et leur modélisation en vue des applications. Outils fondamentaux de l’électroacoustique, les analogies formelles entre systèmes électriques, mécaniques et acoustiques sont présentées en détail et valorisées dans l’étude des transducteurs, haut-parleurs et microphones en particulier. De très nombreux exemples concrets illustrent les techniques et méthodes proposées. Les applications et procédés, des classiques aux plus modernes par exemple l’audionumérique, y sont décrits depuis les concepts de base aux réalisations pratiques.
Anais da XVI Workshop de Biotecnologia e XV semana acadêmica de Biomedicina
Authors: Fundação Herminio Ometto Centro Universitário da
Published: December 2024

Anais da XVI Workshop de Biotecnologia e XV semana acadêmica de Biomedicina
Optimalisasi Seleksi Fitur dengan RFECV dalam Credit Scoring menggunakan ANN
Authors: Heri Wibowo Catur Riyono , Utami Ema , Hanafi
Published: December 2024

Credit scoring adalah metode krusial yang digunakan oleh lembaga keuangan untuk menilai kelayakan kredit calon peminjam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan seleksi fitur menggunakan Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation (RFECV) dalam credit scoring dengan algoritma Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Peneliti mengevaluasi kinerja model ANN pada berbagai kombinasi teknik optimizer dan learning rate untuk menemukan konfigurasi paling efektif. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ANN mampu memberikan prediksi risiko kredit dengan akurasi tinggi. Kombinasi optimizer Nadam dan learning rate 0.001 menghasilkan kinerja terbaik dengan akurasi sebesar 81.79%. RFECV terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kinerja model dengan mengidentifikasi fitur-fitur paling relevan, mengurangi overfitting, dan meningkatkan generalisasi. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya seleksi fitur dan pemilihan parameter yang tepat dalam pengembangan model credit scoring yang akurat dan efisien. Temuan ini membuka jalan bagi peningkatan sistem credit scoring yang lebih andal, membantu lembaga keuangan membuat keputusan yang lebih baik dan aman.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Mobile On-Demand untuk Layanan Teknis Elektronik dengan Fitur Lokasi dan Pemesanan
Authors: Ambarak Zamira Putri Helmy , Muhammad Zakariyah
Published: December 2024

Perkembangan teknologi saat ini semakin meningkat dengan pesat, meskipun banyak teknisi elektronik yang berkompeten terdapat kesulitan dalam menghubungkan konsumen dengan teknisi yang tepat. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya solusi inovatif yang memudahkan untuk konsumen. Tujuan dalam perancangan aplikasi ini untuk mempermudah bagi masyarakat yang masih kesusahaan dalam mencari jasa teknisi elektronik, dimana pada aplikasi ini kami akan mengoptimalkan agar masyarakat yang membutuhkan jasa ini dapat dengan mudah mendapatkannya secara on-demand. Aplikasi ini juga dikembangkan dengan bahasa dan fitur–fitur yang mudah dipahami agar mempermudah Masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan aplikasi ini mengadopsi pendekatan Agile, yang tidak hanya sistematis tetapi juga berjalan secara iteratif dan bertahap. Hasil dari perancangan aplikasi ini menampilkan rancangan prototype desain antarmuka (User Interface) aplikasi “Teknisi Elektronik On-Demand” yang telah diuji dan diimplementasikan dalam pengembangan aplikasi. Desain antarmuka ini menggunakan dirancang menggunakan tools Figma, yang dikembangkan menggunakan android studio yang menggunakan bahasa pmograman kotlin. Desain antarmuka ini juga dirancang dengan mempertimbangkan kenyamanan dan kemudahan penggunaan, sehingga pengguna dapat dengan cepat dan efisien memesan layanan teknisi elektronik yang mereka butuhkan.