bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of mould growth rate within building envelopes: development and validation of an improved model
Authors: Zeng Lingjie , Chen Yuqing , Ma Mingyao , Du Bowen , Gao Jun , Cao Guoqing , Li Jingguang
Published: November 2022

Mould growth is a common problem in building envelopes. This issue is usually caused by poor design and construction of walls and results from the difference between indoor and outdoor climatic conditions. Mould spores produced by mouldy walls may diffuse into the air, thereby affecting indoor air quality and threatening occupant health. Therefore, it is important to predict the risk of mould growth in building envelopes under various conditions. This study selected three buildings from a traditional community in Shanghai, China. First, the mould species in these building envelopes were identified. Based on the identification results, the growth rate of the corresponding genera was extracted from the literature to establish an isoline model that describes mould growth on the agar surface. In addition, the mould growth rate between and outside the isoline areas was predicted by modifying the Sautour model to relevant air temperature and humidity conditions. According to the results of the proposed model, the critical temperature and humidity that allow the growth of representative moulds from the buildings selected for this study can be expressed as φ=0.002633·cosh[0.10083·( θ-30)]+0.7153. The accuracy of the above model was verified experimentally, and the maximum relative error of the growth rate was within 25%.
A Scoping Literature Review of Rural Beliefs and Attitudes toward Telehealth Utilization
Authors: Pullyblank Kristin
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this scoping literature review was to understand what is known about how the rural profile influences beliefs regarding telehealth utilization. Rural nursing theory (RNT) provided a framework for the review. Search criteria were limited to peer-reviewed studies conducted in Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. A variety of search terms related to patient telehealth perceptions generated 213 unique articles, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. Included studies incorporated qualitative methodologies and were from Australia, Canada, Sweden, or the United States. The review highlighted four themes related to the rural profile’s influence on telehealth beliefs: importance of familiar relationships, concerns with privacy and confidentiality, acceptance of limited access to care, and resourcefulness and frugality. These themes echo concepts within RNT. Nurses and other health professionals must acknowledge the rural profile’s influence on a person’s decision to use telehealth in order to provide optimal care.
An analysis of minoritisation in domestic homicide reviews in England and Wales
Authors: Chantler Khatidja , Bracewell Kelly , Baker Victoria , Heyes Kim , Traynor Peter , Ward Megan
Published: November 2022

This article considers how minoritisation features in Domestic Homicide Reviews (DHRs) in England and Wales and identifies critical learning in relation to addressing minoritisation. Five themes were identified: i) the invisibility of race, culture and ethnicity; ii) perceptions and experiences of services; iii) use of stereotypes and the culturalisation of domestic violence and abuse (DVA); iv) lack of interpreters; and v) DHR recommendations. Our analysis illustrates that statutory sector services should strengthen their responses to Black and minoritised victims by ensuring proper recording of cultural background is used to inform practice; engage professionally trained interpreters with an awareness of DVA; resist framing DVA as endemic to minoritised cultures; and enhance trust and confidence in public services within minoritised communities. The best examples of DHRs challenged service narratives and usually sought expertise from a specialist Black/minoritised DVA service or community organisation (frequently minoritised women's rights organisations).
The roles of microglia and astrocytes in myelin phagocytosis in the central nervous system
Authors: Xu Tongtong , Liu Chang , Deng Shiyu , Gan Lin , Zhang Zhijun , Yang Guo-Yuan , Tian Hengli , Tang Yaohui
Published: November 2022

Myelination is an important process in the central nervous system (CNS). Oligodendrocytes (OLs) extend multiple layers to densely sheath on axons, composing the myelin to achieve efficient electrical signal conduction. The myelination during developmental stage maintains a balanced state. However, numerous CNS diseases including neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases cause demyelination and disrupt the homeostasis, resulting in inflammation and white matter deficits. Effective clearance of myelin debris is needed in the region of demyelination, which is a key step for remyelination and tissue regeneration. Microglia and astrocytes are the major resident phagocytic cells in the brain, which may play different or collaborative roles in myelination. Microglia and astrocytes participate in developmental myelination through engulfing excessive unneeded myelin. They are also involved in the clearance of degenerated myelin debris for accelerating remyelination, or engulfing healthy myelin sheath for inhibiting remyelination. This review focuses on the roles of microglia and astrocytes in phagocytosing myelin in the developmental brain and diseased brain. In addition, the interaction between microglia and astrocytes to mediate myelin engulfment is also summarized.
Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of hemodynamic changes in the portal venous system before and after balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration: a pilot feasibility study
Authors: Hamasaki Masahiro , Araki Takuji , Tamada Daiki , Morisaka Hiroyuki , Johno Hisashi , Aikawa Yoshihito , Onishi Hiroshi
Published: November 2022

Background

The effectiveness of four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing hemodynamic changes before and after balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) remains unclear.

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility of 4D flow MRI for assessing hemodynamic changes in the portal venous system before and after BRTO.

Material and Methods

We included 10 patients (7 men, 3 women; mean age = 67 years) with liver cirrhosis who had a high risk of gastric variceal bleeding or hepatic encephalopathy. Non-contrast 4D flow MRI of the upper abdomen was performed before and after BRTO. In addition, we compared the blood flow rates in the portal vein (PV), superior mesenteric vein (SMV), splenic vein (SV), left renal vein, and inferior vena cava before and after BRTO. Moreover, the flow directions of the SMV and SV before and after BRTO were assessed using both portography and 4D flow MRI.

Results

There was a significant post-BRTO increase in the blood flow rate in the PV and SV ( P < 0.05). There was no significant post-BRTO change in the blood flow rates in the SMV, inferior vena cava, and left renal vein. In four patients, portography confirmed that hepatofugal flow in the SV and SMV changed to hepatopetal flow after BRTO. Moreover, 4D flow MRI correctly assessed the flow directions in the SMV and SV in 70%–100% of the patients.

Conclusion

4D flow MRI can be used to detect hemodynamic changes in the portal venous system before and after BRTO.
The ultrastructural and morphological characteristics of the anterior cruciate ligament of the pig: a study using 7.0-Tesla diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: You Tian , Jiao Fujia , Zhang Wentao , Yang Qingjun , Lu Wenqian , Luo Yong
Published: November 2022

Objective

Diffusion tensor imaging research on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is limited, and no study has revealed the ACL fibrous microstructure by 7.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, we used magnetic resonance imaging to assess the ACL.

Methods

Eight porcine ACLs were investigated by diffusion tensor imaging. Imaging was performed with a 7.0-Tesla scanner using a diffusion-weighted two-dimensional spin-echo echo-planar imaging pulse sequence optimised for muscle. The diffusion tensor eigenparameters, fractional anisotropy (FA), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were used for bones and muscles. Three-dimensional projection maps of the principal eigenvectors were plotted to visualise the microstructure.

Results

The mean FA and ADC for the ACL were 0.27 ± 0.079 and 0.0012 ± 0.0005, respectively. There were no significant differences between the values in the proximal and distal portions . However, the ADC was smaller in the centre than on the sides (0.0015 ± 0.0007), and the mean FA was larger in the centre than on the sides (0.42 ± 0.23). The ACL fibres were parallel on the proximal and distal sides but interweaved in the centre.

Conclusions

These findings may be beneficial for artificial ligaments.
An Open Source Replication of a Winning Recidivism Prediction Model
Authors: Circo Giovanni M. , Wheeler Andrew P.
Published: November 2022

We present results of our winning solution to the National Institute of Justice recidivism forecasting challenge. Our team, “MCHawks,” placed highly in both terms of accuracy (as measured via the Brier score), as well as the fairness criteria (weighted by differences in false positive rates between White and Black parolees). We used a non-linear machine learning model, XGBoost, although we detail our search of different model specifications, as many different models’ predictive performance is very similar. Our solution to balancing false positive rates is trivial; we bias predictions to always be “low risk” so false positive rates for each racial group are zero. We discuss changes to the fairness metric to promote non-trivial solutions. By providing open-source replication materials, it is within the capabilities of others to build just as accurate models without extensive statistical expertise or computational resources.
Power and Intimacy Motives in Narratives About Closeness Presented by People Staying in a Penitentiary Institution
Authors: Czubak-Paluch Katarzyna , Łysiak Małgorzata
Published: November 2022

The world of people imprisoned in penitentiary institutions may never be understood by those who enjoy their freedom. The present study investigated the narratives about close relations, produced by inmates, with the analyses focusing specifically on the motive of power and the motive of intimacy, as described by McAdams. It was hypothesized that, depending on the length of prison sentence, the inmates would differ significantly regarding these motives and secondly that the motive of intimacy and the subjects’ age would be significant predictors for the duration of the prison sentence. The study involved 356 male inmates ( M = 28.80; SD = 10.91) who were asked to write stories about close relations with their partners. The findings show that individuals with longer prison sentence present a higher level of the power motive focused on building a stronger self, compared to the inmates sentenced to prison for a shorter duration. A multivariate regression analysis showed that the duration of imprisonment is positively predicted by the subjects’ age and negatively by the motive of intimacy.
The mobilisation of food delivery gig economy workers (riders)
Authors: Moares Francisco Fernández-Trujillo , Betancor Nuez Gomer
Published: November 2022

The food delivery app business has grown in recent years, with an increasing number of customers and workers on these platforms. Food delivery apps are also an iconic example of the increasing precarity of working conditions. Delivery app workers have mobilised to demand greater stability and regulation, with one of their main demands being to switch from their current status as self-employed workers to being employees of these companies. However, in Spain, those who want to remain self-employed have also mobilised, demanding better wages and improved conditions from the platforms. In this article, we focus on the mobilisation of delivery workers in Spain, exploring the characteristics of the main actors involved and the evolution and current situation of the conflict.
Rates and Levels of Elite Sport Participation at 5 Years After Revision ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Pinheiro Vitor Hugo , Jones Mary , Borque Kyle A. , Balendra Ganesh , White Nathan P. , Ball Simon V. , Williams Andy
Published: November 2022

Background:

There is a paucity of data regarding return to play (RTP), level of competition, and longevity of play after revision of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) in elite athletes.

Purpose:

To report RTP rates and competition levels in elite athletes at the point of RTP, as well as at 2 and 5 years after revision ACLR, and the effect of meniscal and chondral pathology at revision surgery on these outcomes.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A retrospective review of a consecutive series of all revision ACLRs undertaken by the senior author between 2009 and 2019, with a minimum 2-year follow-up, was carried out. Outcome measures were RTP rates and competition level.

Results:

A total of 49 knees in 48 elite athletes met the inclusion criteria. After revision ACLR, 43 (87.8%) elite athletes achieved RTP, of whom 75.5% were at the same level. At 2 years after surgery, 39 (79.6%) were still playing, 25 (51%) at the same level; at 5 years after surgery, 20 (44.4%) were still playing, 9 (20%) at the same level. Elite athletes with <50% thickness or no articular cartilage lesions were more likely to RTP (94.6% vs 66.7%; P = .026), as well as return to the same competition level (83.8% vs 50%; P = .047), compared with those with ≥50% thickness chondral lesions. Those without medial meniscal pathology were more likely to RTP at the same level after revision surgery (94.4% vs 64.5%; P = .036). The median time elite athletes continued to play after revision ACLR was 73 months (95% CI, 43.4-102.6); 23 months at the same level (95% CI, 13.6-32.4). The probability of still playing at 5 years after surgery was 55.9%, with a 22.5% chance of maintaining preinjury competition level.

Conclusion:

In elite athletes, RTP rates and competition level decreased over time after revision ACLR. The presence of >50% thickness chondral pathology was associated with lower RTP rates and competition level at RTP time, while medial meniscal pathology was associated with lower competition level at RTP.
Predictive Factors for Lateral Hinge Fracture in Medial Closing Wedge Distal Femoral Osteotomy
Authors: Nha Kyung Wook , Kim Hyung Suh , Jin Dong Uk , Bae Ji Hoon , Patel Jaykumar M. , Kim Sang-Gyun
Published: November 2022

Background:

Recent studies have reported that lateral hinge fracture (LHF) has a negative effect on bone healing at the osteotomy site after medial closing wedge distal femoral osteotomy (MCDFO). However, limited evidence exists in the literature regarding the predictive factors for LHF in MCDFO.

Hypothesis:

A large medial closing gap and a lateral hinge position in the supracondylar area would increase plain radiography–based and/or computed tomography (CT)–based LHF in MCDFO.

Study Design:

Case control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated 67 knees of 53 patients (mean age, 37.4 ± 16.9 years) who underwent MCDFO between May 2009 and June 2021. The surgical indications for MCDFO were genu valgum deformity combined with either lateral compartment osteoarthritis or recurrent patellar dislocation. The presence of LHF was evaluated based on immediate postoperative plain radiography and CT scans. The predictive factors for LHF in MCDFO were investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:

LHFs were identified in 21 knees (31.3%) through plain radiography and in 40 knees (59.7%) through CT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the medial closing gap and lateral hinge position were predictive factors for plain radiography– and CT-based LHF after MCDFO. Controlling for other variables, we found that an increase in the medial opening gap by 1 mm increased the likelihood of plain radiography–based LHF by a factor of 1.805 (95% CI, 1.291-2.525; P = .001) and CT-based LHF by 1.333 (95% CI, 1.003-1.772; P = .048). Moreover, a lateral hinge position in the supracondylar area increased the likelihood of plain radiography–based LHF by a factor of 9.870 (95% CI, 2.179-44.720; P = .003) and CT-based LHF by 5.686 (95% CI, 1.124-28.754; P = .036).

Conclusion:

A large medial closing gap and lateral hinge position in the supracondylar area are associated with LHF in MCDFO. Care should be taken to prevent LHF in MCDFO with a large medial closing gap. Moreover, a lateral hinge position in the supracondylar area should be avoided to decrease the incidence of LHF in MCDFO.
Findings on Diagnostic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Before Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Dahan Johanna , Delouya Guila , Lambert Carole , Olivié Damien A. R. , Billiard Jean-Sébastien , Taussky Daniel
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Pre-treatment diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used in prostate cancer detection and staging; however, little is known about its potential for radiotherapy treatment decision, or its prognostic value. We investigated the findings on pre-treatment MRI and its potential influence on treatment decisions, and its ability to predict biochemical recurrence in patients treated with radiotherapy.

Methods

Files of patients treated by radiotherapy from 2014 to 2022 were searched for if they had had an MRI within 12 months before radiotherapy. Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System (PI-RADS) score, index lesion diameter and the presence of organ confined disease or extra-prostatic extension were correlated with their Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score. Distribution of radiological and clinical features between groups were estimated using a chi-squared test.

Results

Out of 1280 patients, 314 (24.5%) had an MRI. The distribution depended on the treatment received: 22.5% who received low-dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy as monotherapy, 24.0% treated with high-dose rate (HDR) boost and 32.0% treated with external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) ( P = .017). The CAPRA score significantly correlated with the PI-RADS score (r = .342, P < .01) and the diameter of the index lesion (r = .473, P < .01). A clinically significant number of 22% patients with CAPRA ≤ 3 disease presented with lesions ≥15 mm and were less likely to be treated with LDR monotherapy ( P < .01). 39 patients had a recurrence, only 5 had an MRI: 4 had a lesion of ≥20 mm and 3 a seminal vesicle invasion.

Conclusion

More than twenty percent of patients with CAPRA ≤3 presented on MRI a ≥15 mm lesion. An MRI could potentially affect treatment choice, and although exploratory our results suggest an important prognostic potential.
Can United States Adults Accurately Assess Their Diet Quality?
Authors: Thomson Jessica L. , Landry Alicia S. , Walls Tameka I.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To estimate the percentage of United States adults who accurately assessed their diet quality (DQ).

Design

Observational, cross-sectional, nationally representative.

Setting

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015-2018.

Sample

9757 (86%) of 11 288 adults aged ≥20 years.

Measures

Perceived DQ was assessed by asking participants, how healthy is your diet? The five responses included excellent, very good, good, fair, and poor. Measured DQ was assessed using 24-hours dietary recalls scored with 2015 Healthy Eating Index; scores were categorized using a 10-point grading scale.

Analysis

Matches between perceived and measured DQ that were classified as accurate included: excellent = A, very good = A or B, good = B or C, fair = C or D, and poor = D or F. All others were classified as inaccurate. Analyses included descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression for complex survey designs.

Results

63% of adults perceived their DQ as very good or good while 70% scored DQ grades of F. Overall, 15% of adults accurately assessed their DQ with 96% accuracy in the poor perception group and <23% in the other 4 groups. Overall, 75% of adults overrated their DQ. Females, adults with lower educational attainment, and those with low food security were more likely to accurately assess their DQ.

Conclusion

Adults cannot accurately assess their DQ except for those perceiving their DQ as poor, and the majority overrate their DQ.
Influence of hygrothermal ageing on the novel infusible thermoplastic resin reinforced with quadriaxial non-crimp glass fabrics
Authors: Bandaru Aswani Kumar , Hickey Seaghan , Singh Dilpreet , Gujjala Raghavendra , Pichandi Subramani
Published: November 2022

Elium® is a novel liquid Methylmethacrylate thermoplastic (TP) matrix that can be cured at room temperature. Elium® resin provides the properties of TP polymer composites and is a competitive alternative to epoxy-based composites. In this work, a quadriaxial non-crimp (NC) glass fabric/Elium® based polymer composites were manufactured using vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding (VaRTM). The static mechanical properties of these composites were evaluated under the tensile and flexural loads. Further, interfacial properties like interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and fracture toughness (Mode-I and Mode-II) were characterised. To study the influence of ageing on the mechanical properties of glass fabric/Elium® (GF/E) based composites, the test samples were aged in distilled water at a temperature of 60°C for 60 days. The obtained mechanical properties were compared between dry samples (control) and post-water immersed (aged) samples. It was found that water ageing degraded the properties of tensile, flexural strength, ILSS and Mode-II toughness by 30%, 59%, 46%, 37%, respectively. On the contrary, Mode-I fracture toughness of aged samples was 90% higher, indicating significant fibre bridging due to ageing. The microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed significant failure as the degradation of fibre/matrix interface due to hygrothermal ageing. The overall performance of GF/E composites with infusible TP resin is sensitive to hygrothermal ageing.
Long-term impact of early non-infectious complications at the initiation of peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Chan R , Walker RJ , Samaranayaka A , Schollum JBW
Published: November 2022

Background:

Early non-infectious complications at initiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD) are a major burden with unknown long-term impacts on individuals.

Methods:

Prospective multicentre cohort study using univariable and multivariable Cox regression to identity mortality risk and PD discontinuation risk in those with and without non-infectious complications. All individuals commencing PD between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2018, registered in the New Zealand Peritoneal Dialysis Registry (NZPDR) were followed up to 31 December 2020. Early non-infectious complications defined as functional, catheter-related, exit-site dialysate leak or anatomical leak complications occurring within 30 days of initiation of PD. Primary outcomes were patient survival and time on PD therapy. Secondary outcomes were peritonitis free survival, first PD catheter survival and catheter tunnel infection free survival.

Results:

Of 1596 individuals included in the study, 102 experienced an early non-infectious complication. Multivariable analysis demonstrated these complications were associated with higher risk of overall mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–2.44), PD discontinuation (HR 1.84; 95% CI 1.41–2.41) and first catheter failure (HR 2.89; 95% CI 2.28–3.66). No difference was found for risk of development of first peritonitis episode or catheter tunnel infection. Mortality risk was associated with functional and exit-site dialysate leak complications and continued beyond 180 days. Risk of PD discontinuation and first catheter loss were associated with catheter and functional complications in the first 180 days.

Conclusion:

Early non-infectious complications are associated with long-term mortality risk. Further research in risk factors and causes of early non-infectious complications are required.
Effect of side stream obstruction on the results of an industrial three-stream cold box: Numerical study
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Hossein , Zargoushi Abedin , Tablebi Farhad
Published: November 2022

The cold box heat exchangers are used in petrochemical and gas refinery industries. Here, an industrial complex cold box equipped with a number of plate-fins is simulated by computational fluid dynamics. The model predicts the outlet vapor fraction, pressure drop, and outlet temperature with average absolute relative deviations of 0.17%, 3.3%, and 12.89% for all streams, respectively. The influence of obstruction in streams B and C on the computational fluid dynamics results are studied. When stream B or C is blocked, the remaining open streams experience an increase in pressure drop, temperature, and vapor fraction, which negatively affects the heat exchanger's performance over a long time. Finally, the computational fluid dynamics results of the cold box are compared with those of commercial software Aspen-EDR. Even though Aspen-EDR predicts an acceptable mean temperature and vapor fraction (phase change) along channels, it calculates pressure drop incorrectly. So, Aspen-EDR, computationally efficient software, can be used for modeling of mean temperature and phase change of flow in an industrial multi-stream cold box.
Archaeobotanical evidence of plant cultivation from the Sanbaopi site in south-western Taiwan during the Late Neolithic and Metal Age
Authors: Leipe Christian , Lu Jou-chun , Chi Ko-an , Lee Shu-min , Yang Hung-cheng , Wagner Mayke
Published: November 2022

Despite decades of lively debate about Taiwan’s role in the spread of early agriculture, crops and cultivation practices to the Indo-Pacific region, there is little archaeobotanical data from the island. Here we present the first directly dated and systematically analysed macrobotanical records from Taiwan obtained by flotation at the archaeological site Sanbaopi 5 (23°07′03′′N, 120°15′32′′E), representing the Dahu (1400 BCE–100 CE) and Niaosong (100–1400 CE) culture periods. The results suggest that Middle Dahu (900–100 BCE) communities in the study area practiced rainfed crop cultivation with mainly foxtail ( Setaria italica) and broomcorn ( Panicum miliaceum) millet and rice ( Oryza sativa). Pulses ( Vigna angularis, Glycine soja/ max) were also part of the subsistence of local farmers and used as supplementary food and/or green manure. The archaeobotanical record together with archaeological site data for prehistoric China substantiates evidence that the Dahu culture originates in the Lower Yellow River region and migrated to Taiwan along the East China Sea coast. The emergence of the Dahu culture coincided with the spread of mixed millet-rice farming to the Korean Peninsula and Japan and was possibly related to enhanced economic and political expansion of the Shang and Western Zhou dynasties and the long-term weakening of summer monsoon precipitation. Pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan) and mung bean ( V. radiata var. radiata) assemblages from the sixth century CE Niaosong period highlight the influx of goods, crops, knowledge and people from South and Southeast Asia via southern routes in the context of enhanced exchange across the South China Sea region.
Simple CPAP (SIMPAP) for Neonatal Transport—Device Development and Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Thandaveshwara Deepti , Krishnegowda Sushma , Doreswamy Srinivasa Murthy
Published: November 2022

Objective:

To develop a low-cost, easy to use CPAP device with a simple patient interface—SIMPAP.

Design:

This was an in vitro experimental study. SIMPAP was designed and developed over three iterations to be able to use in clinical studies. SIMPAP consists of intersecting cylinders with each opening performing a designated function. One of the openings serves as an extremely short expiratory limb that is fitted with a calibrated occlusion. This results in a nonrebreathing system that generates predetermined pressure against which the baby has to exhale.

Main Outcome Measure:

To analyze the pressures generated by the initial prototypes of the SIMPAP device.

Results:

Four SIMPAP bodies and four pressure relief valves were tested with different combinations as four exercises. Mean (–2Sd to +2SD) pressure generated at a flow rate of 1 liter was 3.4 (2.2-4.7) cm of H2O and at 2 liters per min flow was 5.7 (4.8-6.6) cm of H2O. The 95% limit of agreement between exercises 1 and 2 was –0.4 to +1 cm of H2O, and between exercises 1 and 3 and 1 and 4 was –1 to +1 cm of H2O across the pressure range.

Conclusion:

SIMPAP can deliver therapeutic CPAP at low gas flow rates. Further clinical studies are warranted to establish the efficacy and safety of this new device on neonates.
The History of Student Movements in India: A Sociological Account
Authors: Saurabh Amit Kumar
Published: November 2022

This research work is an attempt to present a brief historical and sociological account of student movements in colonial and post-colonial India. This article deals with the aspect of Indian history and Indian sociology that has long been ignored, that is, student movements in India. Another reason to record this history is that students and student movements in India have either become the reason or have marked their presence on several occasions of social and political change in India. In this article, we have covered the major student movements of pre- and post-colonial India while discussing various events that either influenced or were catalysed by various student movements in different time periods. This research article also emphasizes and accounts the changes student movements have gone through over a period of time.
Role of Nrf2 Pathway Activation in Neurological Disorder: A Brief Review
Authors: Baba Mohammad Zubair , Gomathy S. , Wahedi Umair
Published: November 2022

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the emergence of numerous neurodegenerative diseases, with protein accumulation and mitochondrial damage, which result in neurological disorders. To minimize oxidative stress, several defensive mechanisms protect nerve cells by releasing antioxidants such as nuclear erythroid factor2 (Nrf2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1 (Keap1) signaling pathway activation has been proved to be a prospective treatment to reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation for protection of neurons in a variety of neurological disorders. In this review, we focus beneficial role of Nrf2 in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Nrf2 is proved to be a master regulator of antioxidants by releasing over 250 cytoprotective genes aimed at oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In animal studies Nrf2 activation is proved to improve autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and Suppression of inflammatory cytokinin which protects neuronal cells and inhibit progressive neurodegeneration.
Science Journalism in India: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
Authors: Naik Pradeep
Published: November 2022

Science journalism in India is need-based and happens only when the country is in crisis. There are many reasons to it including a lack of journalistic training in presenting science stories. While India has one of the largest newspaper markets in the world, its reach does not extend to one-third of its population. The vastness and vibrancy of the country, teeming millions in need of decent science stories in hundreds of different languages, and a large network of research institutions and think tanks offer enormous opportunities for the proliferation of science journalism. Journalists must tap these opportunities to promote this scientific stream.
The Effect of Adding Sour Cherry Concentrate to The Usual Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder In 6 To 12 Years Old Children
Authors: Soltanifar Atefeh , Moharreri Fatemeh , Bakhtiari Elham , Hosseinpour Asieh
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sour cherry concentrate in symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Methods:

In a randomized clinical trial, 70 children with ADHD referred to the psychiatric clinic of Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, in 2021 were selected. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group received 75 ml of sour cherry concentrate twice daily in addition to the routine treatment for 2 weeks. The patients were evaluated using The Conner’s Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) before and after the study by a psychiatry resident.

Results:

Based on the findings, no significant differences were observed between the groups in change percent of Cognitive impairments ( p = .317), Hyperactivity/impulsivity ( p = .525), Oppositional ( p = .986), and ADHD index ( p = .451). Moreover, 28.6% and 31.4% of children with ADHD consuming the concentrate presented abdominal pain, and asthenia, respectively.

Conclusion:

The present study did not indicate a beneficial effect of sour cherry concentrate on symptoms of ADHD.
Just Give Me an Example! Exploring Strategies for Building Public Understanding of Evaluation
Authors: Mason Sarah
Published: November 2022

Evaluators often lament that the general public does not understand what we do. Yet, there is limited empirical research on what the general public does know—and think—about program evaluation. This article seeks to expand our understanding in this domain by capturing views about evaluation from a demographically representative sample of the U.S population. This article also explores different strategies for describing program evaluation to the general public. Using an experimental design, it builds on previous research by Mason and Hunt, testing a set of hypotheses about how to enhance communication about evaluation. Findings suggest that public understanding of evaluation is indeed low, although two specific communication strategies—using well-known examples of social programs and including a why statement that describes the purpose of evaluation—can strengthen understanding among members of the public.
Retinal and choroidal microvasculature is altered after strabismus surgery
Authors: Huseyinhan Zahid , Ozcaliskan Sehnaz , Gurez Ceren , Artunay Ozgur
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the retinal and choroidal microvasculature after strabismus surgery using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)

Methods

Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients who underwent horizontal rectus surgery for strabismus were included in this retrospective study. The unoperated fellow eyes were used as the control group. The macular microvasculature was assessed using a 3 × 3 scan pattern centred on the fovea preoperatively, and one week and one month postoperatively. The vessel density (VD) of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris (CC) were automatically analyzed. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was calculated manually using the tool of the device.

Results

The VD in SCP demonstrated a significant difference between operated and fellow eyes at one week (p = 0.017). Moreover, a significant increase was observed in the mean VD values in SCP of operated eyes after surgery (p = 0.037). The VD in DCP exhibited no significant differences between operated and fellow eyes before and after strabismus surgery. However, there was a significant difference in VD was observed between operated and fellow eyes one week after surgery (p = 0.001). The mean VD in CC was significantly increased in the operated eyes one week after surgery compared to preoperative values (p = 0.006).

Conclusion

This study revealed that strabismus surgery may cause transient alterations both in retinal and choroidal microcirculation in the early postoperative period.
Rhetoric in the metaverse
Authors: Figueiredo Sergio C
Published: November 2022

During the summer of 2021, the concept of the metaverse emerged as a macro goal for Big Tech and entertainment industry leaders. The concept is a familiar one: the creation of an embodied internet facilitated by wearable virtual reality technologies (e.g. smart glasses). References to the metaverse often identify Neal Stephenson’s 1992 novel, Snow Crash, as the place where the term was first coined, although the concept itself can be traced back to Stanley G. Weinbaum’s 1935 science fiction short story, ‘Pygmalion’s Glasses’. Other media critics, like Wired’s Kevin Kelly have also used the term mirrorworld to describe immersive virtual and mixed reality worlds in the same vein as the metaverse.

The aim of this article is to offer a speculative and pragmatic reimagining of rhetorical pedagogy for the metaverse. For instance, in place of reading Plato, how might students come to understand Plato’s philosophy by walking and talking with the Socrates trope or engaging in a dialog with an AI Plato? How might students feel the affective significance and impact of Martin Luther King, Jr’s ‘I Have Dream’ speech by attending a virtual simulation of the event or sitting alongside MLK in a jail cell as the author pens ‘Letter from Birmingham Jail’? The metaverse holds potential for creating these sorts of embodied learning experiences to enhance traditional pedagogical and post-pedagogical methods, as well as to foster a new level of engagement with arts and humanities curricula at a time when administrative leadership and governing bodies in higher education are exploring new options for delivering high-quality, engaging learning experiences.
Material circumstances, health care access, and self-reported health: A latent class analysis
Authors: Mitchell Amanda M , Heitz Hannah K , Leach Stephen M , Berghuis Kate J
Published: November 2022

Latent class analysis was used to explore intersections of material circumstances and health care access among 308 adults, and associations between classes with health outcomes. Good fit was found for a four-class model: Resource Stable (Class 1, 62.43%), Unbalanced Meals with Health Care (Class 2, 16.91%), Resource Insecurity with Delayed Health Care (Class 3, 14.75%), and Resource Stability without Access to Health Care (Class 4, 5.91%). Class 1 reported greater well-being and self-rated health than Class 2 and 3. Class 1 reported lower BMI than Class 2. Findings document intersections among economic marginalization indicators with varying health outcomes among classes.
Thinking, fast and slow on the autism spectrum
Authors: Brosnan Mark , Ashwin Chris
Published: November 2022

The Dual Process Theory of Autism proposes that autistic individuals demonstrate greater deliberative (slower) processing alongside reduced (faster) intuitive processing. This study manipulated the reasoning time available to investigate the extent to which deliberative and intuitive processing are sensitive to time context in autism. A total of 74 young autistic people and 132 control participants completed the Cognitive Reflection Test to measure intuition and deliberation, with responses being either speeded (fast condition) or delayed (slow condition). The autistic group produced more deliberative and less intuitive responses than controls overall. Both groups showed more intuitive responses in the fast condition and more deliberative responses in the slow condition, demonstrating the reasoning style in autism is sensitive to context.

Lay abstract

What is already known about the topic Daniel Kahneman wrote a highly influential book titled ‘thinking, fast and slow’. He proposes that people usually think in a rapid, automatic, intuitive style. When people realise their intuitive thinking may be wrong, a slower, effortful, deliberative style of thinking takes over. It has recently been proposed that thinking in autistic individuals can be characterised as usually thinking in the deliberative style (rather than the intuitive style that non-autistic people usually think in). What this paper adds As intuitive thinking is fast and deliberative thinking is slow, this research manipulated the time available to complete a series of reasoning questions. These questions have been developed to have intuitive answers (which are incorrect) and deliberative answers (which are correct). For the first time, a fast time manipulation (you must answer quickly) and slow (you must think about your answer before responding) was undertaken with autistic individuals. Autistic participants did produce more deliberative answers than the non-autistic participants. However, both groups produced comparably more intuitive answers and less deliberative answers in the fast condition. This shows that while autistic people tend not to use their intuition, autistic people can be encouraged to use their intuition. Implications for practice, research or policy Using rapid intuition can be useful in fast-changing contexts, such as some social situations. Future research can explore how to support autistic individuals to use their intuition when the need arises. In addition, the propensity for deliberation resulting in unbiased, correct responses reflects a strengths-based account of autism. This requires more mental effort and is less susceptible to bias and errors. This is called ‘Dual Process Theory’.
Speaking Chinese or no breakfast: Emotional challenges and experiences confronting Chinese immigrant families in heritage language maintenance
Authors: Wang Yining
Published: November 2022

Aims and objectives:

This study aims to explore parental emotions in heritage language maintenance and to examine ways in which parents’ emotions interplay with their language ideologies, maintenance practices, and children’s language proficiencies.

Methodology:

I conducted an ethnographic qualitative study of 12 Chinese immigrant families including 13 parents and 13 children. The study focuses on parents who brought their children into Australia when they were between ages 3 and 9.

Data and analysis:

Data were collected through open-ended interviews, informal conversations, observations, evidence of literacy practices and postings on WeChat.1 Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. The generated themes relate to emotions, ideologies, practices, and proficiencies in heritage language.

Findings/conclusions:

Findings show that maintaining heritage language in immigrant and minority contexts is fraught with negative emotions such as irritation, regret, guilt, anguish, loss, insecurity, and shame, but this is complemented by a sense of accomplishment, fulfilment, and pride. Parental emotions, whether positive or negative, which are shaped by language ideologies of Chinese as identity, family tie, and profit, are often elicited by children’s language behaviours and their proficiency outcomes. The study suggests that children’s heritage language proficiencies are significant for the wellbeing of immigrant families.

Originality:

Emotion-relevant studies in heritage language research have largely focused on children and other learners in classroom settings, with heavy reliance on survey data and statistical analysis. Few studies have explored parental emotions regarding heritage language maintenance in the home domain or documented the relevant nuanced experiences. This study makes an in-depth ethnographic investigation of various types of emotions of family language policy (FLP) in parental discourses and situates parents’ emotions in their own language ideologies and their children’s language practices.

Significance/implications:

This ethnography fills a gap by providing a realistic understanding of the link between parental emotions, their language ideologies and maintenance practices, and their children’s language behaviours and proficiencies in transnational contexts. Children’s use of, and proficiency in, their heritage language is significant for the socio-emotional wellbeing of immigrant/minority parents and their families and has implications for language policy makers and heritage language education.
‘When showing Hanfu to foreigners, I feel very proud’: The imagined community and affective economies of Hanfu (Chinese traditional couture) among Chinese migrant youth in the United Kingdom
Authors: Fan Chen , Ip Penn Tsz Ting
Published: November 2022

This article sheds light on the intricate relationship between the revival of Hanfu, traditional couture from the Han Dynasty, and rising Chinese nationalism among Chinese youth living in the United Kingdom. Mobilizing the theoretical tool ‘affective economies’, we explore how particular feelings and values are assigned and attached to Hanfu, and thereby circulate among young Chinese migrants. We begin by examining the Hanfu movement to interrogate how Hanfu is reinvented based on a selective historicity of the past, serving as a specific cultural product for China’s rejuvenation. We then move on to analyze a series of in-depth interviews conducted between December 2019 and July 2020. We probe the lived experiences of young Hanfu supporters, who are members of the UK Han Culture Association, and the cultural events organized by the Association, in order to scrutinize the ways Hanfu conjures up an imagined community suffused with nationalism. Drawing upon on the affective economies of Hanfu, we discern the following three key findings: First, we argue that there are both positive and negative affective attachments to Hanfu, such as homesickness, loneliness, alienation, happiness, pride and beauty, which impinge on migrant bodies, assigning values to Hanfu and the Hanfu-related cultural events. Second, we show through the analysis of the fieldwork materials the paradoxical desire for chuguo (going abroad) and huiguo (returning to the nation) in the hearts of the young migrants. Finally, we argue that Hanfu circulates as a ‘mnemonic thing’ that signifies a specific imaginary of Ancient China, where young migrant’s aiguo (love of the nation) sentiments are then ‘stuck’ to this reinvented fashion.
Study on bending properties of coir fiber magnesium phosphate cement immersed in water
Authors: Huang Mingyu , Zhang Liwen , Wang Shimin , Zhang Junping , Huang Xiangyun
Published: November 2022

Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC), possessing the characteristics of fast setting and early strength, but has the disadvantages of poor toughness and easy cracking. Our previous studies found that these shortcomings could be improved by adding coir fiber (CF). In practical projects, chances are that CF-MPC might work in watery environment like rainy day. Therefore, it is important to understand the effect of water on the properties of CF-MPC. This paper was then committed to investigate the effect of water immersion on the bending performance of CF-MPC. A three-point bending test was employed to capture the flexural strength, flexural stiffness, and toughness of MPC with different CF contents cured in air and water respectively. The results demonstrated that CF-MPC cured in water and in air displayed a similar failure mode. Specimens’ failure mode varied from brittle failure to ductile failure with CF content increasing. Moreover, the first and second peak loads of specimen load-displacement curves gradually decreased as the water curing time increased. The flexural strength dropped, different from the performances observed in specimens cured in air. But when CF content was smaller than 3%, this flexural property deterioration of specimens in water was relieved as CF content increases.