bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-world applications for drones
Authors: Kugler Logan
Published: October 2019

Unmanned vehicles have a number of compelling real-world use cases.
Computational thinking should just be good thinking
Authors: Guzdial Mark , Kay Alan , Norris Cathie , Soloway Elliot
Published: October 2019

Seeking to change computing teaching to improve computer science.
An interview with Leonard Kleinrock
Authors: Varghese George
Published: October 2019

The UCLA professor and networking pioneer reflects on his career in industry and academia.
Optimal Design of Inlet Passage for Waterjet Propulsion System Based on Flow and Geometric Parameters
Authors: Jiao Weixuan , Cheng Li , Zhang Di , Zhang Bowen , Su Yeping , Wang Chuan
Published: October 2019

As an important overcurrent component in a waterjet propulsion system, the inlet passage is used to connect the propulsion pump and the bottom of the propulsion ship. The anticavitation, vibration, and noise performance of the waterjet propulsion pump are significantly affected by the hydraulic performance of the inlet passage. The hydraulic performance of the inlet passage directly affects the overall performance of the waterjet propulsion system, thus the design and optimization method of the inlet passage is an important part of the hydraulic optimization of the waterjet propulsion system. In this study, the hydraulic characteristics of the inlet passage in the waterjet propulsion system with different flow parameters and geometric parameters were studied by a combination of numerical simulation and experimental verification. The model test was used to verify the hydraulic characteristics of the waterjet propulsion system, and the results show that the numerical results are in good agreement with the test results. The numerical results are reliable. The hydraulic performance of the inlet passage is significantly affected by the inlet velocity ratio. There is a certain correlation between the hydraulic performance of the inlet passage and ship speed, and the hydraulic performance of the inlet passage is limited by ship speed. The geometric parameters of the best optimization case are as follows: the inflow dip angleαis 35°, the lengthLis 6.38D0, and the upper lip angle is 4°. The optimal operating conditions are the conditions of IVR 0.69–0.87.
Increased Plasma Osteocalcin, Oral Disease, and Altered Mandibular Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Thanakun Supanee , Pornprasertsuk-Damrongsri Suchaya , Na Mahasarakham Chantida Pawaputanon , Techatanawat Suteera , Izumi Yuichi
Published: October 2019

An association between oral diseases and postmenopausal status has been recognized. However, the relationship between all oral disease, mandibular bone density, health status, and osteocalcin (OCN) bone markers in postmenopausal dental patients has not been reported. This study was therefore to verify the differences in plasma OCN levels, dental, periodontal, and oral mucosal disease, and mandibular bone density alterations from panoramic radiograph and systemic parameters in postmenopausal women, compared to premenopausal women. Oral, radiographic, and blood examination were performed in 92 females. Dental, periodontal, and oral mucosal statuses were recorded. Health profile parameters were collected from medical charts. Plasma OCN was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Forty-two (45.7%) participants were postmenopausal with a higher median age (55 (51, 62) years) than the premenopausal group (43 (38, 45) years). Overweight or obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and impaired fasting blood sugar were more prevalent in postmenopause. The average postmenopausal OCN level (425.62 ng/mL) was significantly higher than the premenopausal group (234.77 ng/mL, p<0.001). The average number of missing teeth, mean attachment loss, alveolar bone loss, periapical lesion count, and clinical oral dryness score were also significantly higher in postmenopause (p=0.008, <0.001, 0.031, 0.006, and 0.005, respectively). However, mandibular bone density determined by mandibular cortical index was lower in postmenopause (p<0.001). The panoramic mandibular index, mandibular cortical width, fractal dimension, and other oral mucosal disease did not differ between the groups. Postmenopause was associated with elevated plasma OCN (β = 0.504, p<0.001) when related covariates were adjusted. Elevated plasma OCN, oral mucosal dryness, high number of periapical radiolucencies and missing teeth, and lower mandibular bone density from panoramic radiograph were prevalent in postmenopausal women. Dentists should suspect an increased risk of low bone mineral density in postmenopausal patients who display these clinical and radiographic findings, and they should be referred for further examination. Plasma OCN may interconnect a relationship between postmenopausal status and the low mandibular bone density.
Differences in the Composition of Vaginal Microbiota between Women Exhibiting Spleen-Deficiency Syndrome and Women with Damp-Heat Syndrome, Two of the Most Common Syndromes of Vaginitis in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Lin Wei Xian , Du Xin , Yang Li Lin , Chen Si Yun , Qiu Wei Yu , Wu Hai Wang , Zhao Guang , Feng Yi Hui , Yu Qing Ying , Tian He , Luo Song ping , Gao Jie
Published: October 2019

Spleen-deficiency syndrome and damp-heat syndrome are the two most common syndromes of vaginitis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Although it is known that the vaginal microbiota is closely associated with vaginitis, present studies have not fully elucidated the relationship between the composition of the vaginal microbiome and type of TCM syndrome because of the limitations in the present reductionist approaches. Samples of vaginal secretions were collected from patients with bacterial vaginitis and healthy subjects with spleen-deficiency syndrome and damp-heat syndrome, in order to analyze the constitution of the vaginal microflora using 16S rRNA sequencing methods that encompass taxonomic units, alpha diversity rarefaction curves, and principal component analyses. This prospective study indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the composition of the vaginal microbiome between patients with spleen-deficiency syndrome and patients with damp-heat syndrome.Streptococcuswas the dominant microbiota in patients with spleen-deficiency syndrome. This can serve as a biomarker for differentiating spleen-deficiency syndrome and damp-heat syndrome. In addition, as indicated by the findings on the samples, patients with bacterial vaginitis of dominant abundance inPseudomonadaceaemight be prone to manifest spleen-deficiency syndrome, while patients with bacterial vaginitis of dominant abundance inPrevotellamight be prone to manifest damp-heat syndrome. These present findings can provide a new approach to acquire a scientific understanding of the syndromes of TCM, which in turn would benefit the development of personalized medicine, in terms of ancient medicine and complex biological systems.
Microbiological Profile of Infectious Keratitis in a Portuguese Tertiary Centre
Authors: Oliveira-Ferreira Cláudia , Leuzinger-Dias Mariana , Tavares-Ferreira João , Torrão Luís , Falcão-Reis F.
Published: October 2019

The microbiological profile of infectious keratitis has shown great differences across the world. Due to the continuous shifting trends in microbiological profile and antibiotic resistance patterns reported in several studies, constant local updates are crucial to provide an adequate treatment. The propose of this study was to analyze the incidence of infectious keratitis, possible changing trends in microbiological profile, and bacteria sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics, in our tertiary center, in the last 10 years. A retrospective study was performed, based on the survey review of electronic medical records of all patients with presumed infectious keratitis, between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018. Microbial cultures were performed, and patients were treated according to an internal protocol. A total of 1360 samples were included. We obtained a 35.1% culture-positive rate. Bacteria accounted for 76.78% of all positive scrapes (53.34% were Gram positive and 23.44% were Gram negative), Acanthamoeba for 12.13%, fungi for 8.16%, and virus for 2.93%. The most frequent agent identified was Corynebacterium macginleyi (18.41%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (17.78%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (9.41%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.00%). We identified at least one ophthalmologic risk factor in 410 patients (85.77%). Trauma and contact lens wear were the most common risk factors found, accounting for 34.94% (n = 167) and 33.47% (n = 160) of cases. Sensitivity to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides was tested in all bacterial isolates, presenting values of 96.66% and 98.12%. In our region, the most common bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and they showed high sensitivity rates to first-line antibiotics, without any modification or emergence of antibiotic resistance trends during the 10 years of the study. For this reason, we decided to maintain the same internal protocol in our tertiary centre.
Surgical Treatment of a Medial Clavicle Fracture Nonunion with Medial Clavicle Resection and Stabilization to the Sternum with Palmaris Longus Graft
Authors: Dion M. O. , Martel S. , Pelet S.
Published: October 2019

Medial end clavicular fractures are a rare occurrence. While most of these fractures can be appropriately managed with a nonoperative treatment, some cases of symptomatic nonunion might be surgically addressed to preserve sternoclavicular joint stability and ensure favorable outcomes. The open reduction and osteosynthesis procedure is a commonly performed procedure to treat clavicular fracture nonunion. However, few revision procedures have been described to address the occasional cases of hardware failure or recurrent nonunion of the medial end. In this report, the authors present a case of symptomatic nonunion of the medial clavicle initially treated with osteosynthesis. Implant failure with hardware migration was then treated by medial clavicle resection and stabilization to the sternum using a palmaris longus autograft and the figure-of-eight lacing technique. Excellent functional outcomes at three years of follow-up were obtained. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case reporting on a sternoclavicular stabilization with a tendon autograft for such an important bone deficit.
Anomalous Origins of Ophthalmic Arteries on Three-Dimensional Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Their Clinical Importance
Authors: Ondas Osman , Unal Abdullah , Ulusal Sendogan , Guven Fadime , Ogul Hayri
Published: October 2019

Aim: The purpose of this paper was to evaluate rare cases of anomalous origins of the ophthalmic artery (OA) according to magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) findings. Methods: This retrospective study included 80 patients diagnosed with anomalous OA origins between March 2015 and July 2018 from a sample of 16,024 patients. The patients included 47 females and 33 males with a mean age of 38.16 years (range 18–62 years). Three-dimensional time-of-flight (3D-TOF) MRA was performed for all patients. Results: Eighty (0.5%) patients had anomalous OA origins. The most common type of OA origin anomaly was the right OA originating from the middle meningeal artery (0.17%). Twelve (0.07%) patients had OAs with an extradural origin. Conclusions: Anomalous origins of the OA are rare. 3D-TOF MRA is a noninvasive imaging method that can be applied for the diagnosis of OA anomalies. Some OA variations can have a protective effect against ocular complications in vaso-occlusive events. Therefore, it is critical to know the variant anatomy of OAs.
Single Dose of Pseudoephedrine Induces Simultaneous Bilateral Acute Angle Closure Crisis
Authors: Spencer Benjamin G. , Baskin Jonathan , Giarola Blake F. , Craig Jamie E.
Published: October 2019

Simultaneous bilateral acute angle closure crisis (AACC) is a sight-threatening ocular emergency. Many “cold and flu” preparations contain compounds with sympathomimetic or anticholinergic qualities that confer a risk of inducing AACC. We present a review of cold and flu preparation-induced AACC, and present a case of simultaneous bilateral AACC triggered by a single oral dose of pseudoephedrine. The challenges facing the clinician in recognizing simultaneous bilateral AACC in the context of an upper respiratory tract infection are addressed. An awareness of this uncommon clinical entity, its pertinent clinical features, risk factors, and the drug classes that may precipitate an attack is critical for the timely diagnosis and management of this ocular emergency. Notably, clinicians must be aware that even a single dose of an implicated medication may trigger an attack of AACC.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ON Shorea javanica
Authors: TORQUEBIAU E.F.
Published: October 2019

It was April 1985, underÂ  theÂ  leadershipÂ  of Dr.Â  Ir. Z. Goto,Â  then Tropical Forest Biology Program Manager, that it was decided to launch in BIOTROP a multidisciplinary research on Shorea javanica. This followed the publication in 1984 by E.F. Torquebiau of a paper describing the traditional planting of this tree for resin production by farmers near the small town of Krui, in Lampung Province, Southern Sumatra (Man-made dipterocarp forest in Sumatra. Agroforestry Systems, 2: 103-127). A proposal was subsequently made to develop in BIOTROP different research topics around this species in order to promote itÂ  forÂ  plantationÂ  forestry.Â  TheÂ  choiceÂ  ofÂ  thisÂ  speciesÂ  wasÂ  justifiedÂ  byÂ  theÂ  important knowledge from its traditional uses and planting, while in the long term, it is hoped that the development of plantations of this species will promote the use of other dipterocarps and native trees for plantation forestry.
STUDIES ON INTERFERENCE AMONG TREES IN A PLANTATION OF ALTINGIA EXCELSA
Authors: SAKAI KAN-ICHI
Published: October 2019

AÂ  studyÂ  was made withÂ  theÂ  useÂ  ofÂ  aÂ  50-yearÂ  oldÂ  AltingiaÂ  excelsa NoronhaÂ  plantation withÂ  260 standing trees for separating components of density and intraspecific competition. A component of density effectÂ  causes overall decreaseÂ  in growth whileÂ  that ofÂ  competitionÂ  resultsÂ  in aÂ  contrastingÂ  effectÂ  in growth between any pair of neighboring trees. To detect this density effect, it is most appropriate to use an area of ca. 100 m2Â irrespective of the experimental area, e.g. circular or quadratic. Competition effect cannot be detected when two individuals are apart more than two meters. An application of the density and competitive ability to tree breeding is briefly mentioned.
SOILS FROM CULTIVATED STANDS OF SHOREA JAVANICA
Authors: SKHFFINGTON M.J. SHEEHY
Published: October 2019

Soils from Shorea javanica plantations in different parts of Lampung province, South Sumatra were sampled to a depth of 50 cm and described. They variedÂ  from quite deep loamy alkaline soils near Krui, to sticky acid clays behind Ngaras. The cation content of most samples was quite high, but organic nutrients were low, suggesting volcanic origin ofÂ  the soils. Preliminary observations ofÂ  performance in situ of S. javanica would suggest a requirement for deep loamy, fairly alkaline soils with a moderately high exchangeable cation content for optimal yield and performance.
IV. STORAGE AND GERMINATION TESTS ON SHOREA JAVANICA SEEDS
Authors: UMBOH M.I.J.
Published: October 2019

SeedsÂ  ofÂ  ShoreaÂ  javanicaÂ  KÂ  &Â  VÂ  (Dipterocarpaceae),Â  wereÂ  subjectedÂ  toÂ  differentÂ  treatmentsÂ  of temperature (27 Â± 2Â°C, 20 Â± 2Â°C and < 10Â°C), coating (ash and paraffin) and relative humidity (20, 66 and 86%) and their germination capability as well as moisture content assessed after 3, 7, 14 and 30 days of storage. The germination percentage ofÂ  the seeds stored 30 daysÂ  in aÂ  cloth bag under differentÂ  conditions of temperature showed highly significant differencesÂ  (a = 0.01). No significant differences wereÂ  found onÂ  the effect of coating, duration of storage as well as on the interaction between these two factors. The moisture content of the seeds between 13 and 14% gave a germination percentage above 50% after 30 days.Â  Â
THE PERFORMANCE OF SOYBEAN (c.v. Americana) ESTABLISHED BY ZERO TILLAGE TECHNIQUE IN IMPERATA FIELD CONTROLLED BY HERBICIDES
Authors: TJITROSEMITO SOEKISMAN
Published: October 2019

AÂ  fieldÂ  experimentÂ  wasÂ  conductedÂ  toÂ  investigateÂ  the performanceÂ  ofÂ  soybeanÂ  (c.v.Â  Americana)Â  when established with zero tillage technique on Imperata dominated area. Four different techniques of alang-alang controlÂ  i.e.Â  imazapyrÂ  (20Â  kgÂ  ai/ha),Â  glyphosateÂ  (25Â  kgÂ  ai/ha),Â  glufosinateÂ  (3.0Â  kgÂ  ai/ha)Â  andÂ  manual cultivation were arranged factorially with time of plantings i.e. 1,2 and 3 months after treatments. TheÂ  alang-alangÂ  damagesÂ  variedÂ  withÂ  herbicidesÂ  andÂ  times,Â  imazapyrÂ  (20Â  kgÂ  ai/ha) showed slow appearance of damage at 3 months after application it was only 69%, while that of glufosinate was already down to 48% due to regrowth. No phytotoxicity was recorded, but the yield was low.
THE DISTRIBUTION AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS OF MIMOSA PIGRA L. IN INDONESIA
Authors: TJITROSOEDIRDJO SRI S.
Published: October 2019

Mimosa pigra L. (Mimosa asperata L.) of the family Mimosaceae is an introduced species from South America which is locally naturalized in Indonesia. The present known distribution sites are still restricted to Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan. It is found in almost all provinces of Java and many heavily infested areas have been noted in Jakarta and West Java. The introduction of the plant to other islands has not been reported yet. The separation of the islands by sea is preventing the further spread of the plant in Indonesia. Control is basically occasional and on an individual basis. There is no sustained effort yet to control the plant. The urgency of controlling and restricting its spread cannot be over emphasized.
REMOVAL AND LEACHING OF NUTRIENTS BY SALVIN1A MOLESTA MITCHEL AND EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS
Authors: WEE Y.C.
Published: October 2019

Profuse growth of Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia molesta in Singapore reservoirs required their regular manual removal as their prolonged presence can lead to deterioration in the quality of the potable water. Clearing of the reservoir catchments, together with regular removal of the weeds and dumping them away from the catchments, should, in the long term, reduce their presence in the reservoirs. Laboratory experiments showing the removal of chloride, sulphate, phosphorus and nitrate from the growing medium and the release of chloride, phosphorus and nitrate by rotting plants should convince the administrators of the benefit of proper management of the problem.
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF FOUR FUNGAL ISOLATES TO GANODERMA BONINENSE, THE CAUSAL AGENT OF BASAL STEM ROT OF OIL PALM
Authors: DHARMAPUTRA OKKY SETYAWATI
Published: October 2019

ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF FOUR FUNGAL ISOLATES TOGANODERMA BONINENSE, THE CAUSAL AGENT OF BASAL STEM ROT OF OIL PALM
EFFECTS OF THE HEAVY METAL, ZINC, ON THE FRESHWATER FISH TILAPIA NILOTICA L.
Authors: S. CARING VIRGINIA
Published: October 2019

Gills, gonads, and blood of Tilapia nilotica exposed to different concentrations of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4. 7H2O) exhibited histological effects. Gills of posthatch larvae exposed chronically for 21 days to 2 ppm zinc sulfate and fingerlings to 10 ppm sublethal zinc concentrations exhibited hyperplasia that resulted in fusion of adjacent secondary gill lamellae. The same effects were observed in 4-hour short-term exposure to 30 ppm lethal dose. Posthatch larvae subjected to 2 and 5 ppm sublethal levels of zinc for 30 days retained undifferentiated gonads with differentiation with oogonial proliferation. Ovaries of control fish demonstrated healthy oocyte growth and other normal histological features after 57 days. In contrast, ovaries in treated groups exhibited excessive amounts of connective tissue, hyperemia and markedly reduced oocyte number. Oocytes had wavy irregular surface outlines. Deviation from normal was observed to be dose dependent. In juvenile tilapia, spermatogenesis was observed in control testes. Testes of zinc-exposed fish, on the other hand, remained immature. Hyperemia was markedly pronounced in both testes and ovary after 90 days exposure to zinc. Blood of Tilapia nilotica fingerlings exposed to sublethal concentrations of 2, 5, and 10 ppm zinc for 30, 60, and 90 days exhibited anisocytosis and poikilocytosis. There was an increase in hematocrit values in zinc-reared fish which, however, reverted to control/near control levels at day 90. Hemoglobin values were inversely proportional to the level of zinc in the rearing water. The marked reduction in hemoglobin values in fish reared at the higher zinc concentrations of 5 and 10 ppm suggests the development of some degree of anemia which is also supported by the observations of anisocytosis and poikilocytosis.
NOTES ON SOME GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF MIKANIA CORD AT A (BURM. F.) B.L. ROBINSON*
Authors: MERCADO B.T.
Published: October 2019

Mikania follows a sympodial dichotomy pattern of branching. Both stem (branches) and leaves give rise to new plants with relative ease. Internodes also root easily but do not give rise to new plants. Flower formation and seed germination are strongly influenced by light. Numerous seeds are produced but only few are filled; still fewer are the seeds that germinate. The period from early emergence to about the 3-leafed stage is most critical for survival of the new plant.
Keywords: Mikania cordata, Growth, Weed physiology
RESPONSE OF TWO SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) GENOTYPES TO VA-MYCORRHIZAL INOCULATION AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS
Authors: V.C. PATIL C.P. CHANDRASHEKARA, , PATIL V.C. , SREENIVASA M.N.
Published: October 2019

The performance of two sunflower genotypes (Morden and MSFH-8) with and without VA-mycorrhizal fungi at three P levels (38, 56 and 75 kg P2O5 ha -1 ) in vertisol of Dharwad was studied to determine the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth, yield and P uptake. The results showed that the VAM inoculation increased sunflower yield (14%), total biomass (16%), oil content (3.1%) and P uptake (30.5%) over uninoculated control. The percent root colonization and chlamydo-spore count decreased with increasing P levels. The total biomass production, seed yield and P uptake of mycorrhizal plants at 38 kg P2O5 ha -1 more than the non-mycorrhizal plants at 75 kg P2O5 ha -1 . The biomass and seed yield of mycorrhizal plants at same P level were more than the non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal plants of Morden at 38 kg P2O5 ha -1 and MSFH-8 at 56 kg P2O5 ha -1 produced higher seed yield, oil content and total biomass than non-mycorrhizal plants supplied with 75 kg P2O5 ha -1 . The results indicated that, VA-mycorrhizal inoculation helps in saving 25 and 50 percent of recommended dose of phosphatic fertilizer (75 kg P2O5 ha -1 ) in MSFH-8 (single cross hybrid) and Morden (open pollinated variety), respectively.
Key words: Mycorrhizas/Plant nutrition/Inoculum/Glomus fasciculatum/Helianthus annuus/Phosphorus fertilizers/Metabolism.
EFFECTS OF PISOLITHUS TINCTORIUS AND LACCARIA FRATERNA ON THE GROWTH AND MYCORRfflZAL DEVELOPMENT OF PINUSPATULA SEEDLINGS*)
Authors: SUDHAKARA REDDY M. , NATARAJAN K.
Published: October 2019

Vegetative inoculum of Pisolithus tinctorius and Laccariafraterna were inoculated to Pinuspatula seedlings grown in both steam sterilized and unsterilized shola soil. After 4 months of seedling growth, 10 seedlings from each treatment were harvested and various growth parameters were studied. Inoculation of these two fungi resulted in the production of ectomycorrhizas and increase in growth of P. patula seedlings when compared to uninoculated seedlings. Laccariafraterna inoculated seedlings showed more number of mycorrhizas than P. tinctorius inoculated seedlings at the end of one year. Both these fungi poorly colonized the root system in both soil treatments. There was no significant difference between these two fungi in improving the seedling growth in the nursery.
Key words: Pisolithus tinctorius/Laccaria fraterna/Pinus patula/Inoculum/Seedlings/Growth.
THE GENUS MIMOSA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TOM. QUADRIVALVIS L. VAR. LEPTOCARPA (D.C.) EARNEDY, A NEW SPECIES RECORD FOR THE WEED FLORA IN MALAYSIA*)
Authors: HAJI MOHAMED M. A , BAKI, BAKI , BAKAR B. , WATI H. NOORMA
Published: October 2019

An exploratory floristic survey of the genus Mimosa was conducted in 1993 to ascertain species diversity and their spatial patterns of distribution in Peninsular Malaysia. A new species record of uncertain indigene, M.. quadrivalvis was recorded for the first time in restricted localities along the roadsides in Pekan Darat and Bertam, Seberang Perai, Gurun and Bedong in Kedah in addition to widely distributed and seemingly ubiquitous presence of M. invisa Mart. ex. Colla and M. pudica L. The latter two species were mostly found in open, disturbed and derelict habitats, agricultural areas and ex-mining lands. Both species exhibited largely contagious and overdispersed distribution patterns with positive peaks in pattern intensity values although regularity or underdispersed distribution patterns do manifest in certain localities. The giant mimosa, M. pigra inhabited in clustered thickets, large pockets of lands in the urban and sub-urban localities in the states of Penang, Perak, Kelantan, Kuala Lumpur and Negeri Sembilan. In other states, M. pigra was confined to a few localities in smaller patches. Except for M. quadrivalvis, the other species of Mimosa are serious weeds in the agricultural, recreational and residential and derelict areas. A key to the Mimosa species is constructed along with brief descriptions on their morphology and ecology.
Key words: Malaysia/Weed ecology/Mimosa invisa/Mimosa pigra/Mimosa pudica/Mimosa quadrivalvis/ Weeddistribution/Weed anatomy and morphology.
STUDIES ON NATURAL PRODUCTS OF ALBIZIA SP.
Authors: ARIFNURYADIN HILMAN AFFANDI , AFFANDI HILMAN
Published: October 2019

The bark ofÂ  Albizia lebeckioidesÂ  andÂ  Albizia falcatariaÂ  have been examined for their chemical constituents. A. lebeckioides has yielded the steroidal ketone, stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one, and a triterpene alcohol as the major neutral components.Â  A. falcatariaÂ  has yielded a similar triterpeneÂ  and fatty ester as its major constituents. The toxicity of the compounds was evaluated in bioassay against termites. The results showed that lupenone and stigmastadienone were toxicÂ  ioNeotermes dalbergiaeÂ  species. In contrast these compounds were less toxic to Cryptotermes cynocephalus species. Key words: Insecticidal plants / Albizia lebeckioides I Albizia falcataria I Bark / Extracts / Chemical constituents / Toxicity / Termites
SCREENING FOR NATURAL PRODUCTS OF SHOREA Spp. AND ANISOPTERA Spp. OF THE FAMILY DIPTEROCARPACEAE FROM PASIR MAYANG, JAMBI, SUMATERA
Authors: AFFANDi HILMAN , NURYADIN ARIF , PRAYOGA SUSILO B.
Published: October 2019

Screening of 12 species ofÂ  ShoreaÂ  and 2 species ofÂ  AnisopteraÂ  from the forest of Pasir Mayang, Jambi with brine shrimp (Anemia salina) lethality bioassay showed that Shorea gibosa and Anisoptera marginataÂ  have sufficient activity for further investigation. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active extract ofÂ  S. gibosaÂ  led to the isolation of stigmasterol and the shoreaphenol. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active extract of A. marginata resulted in the isolation of lupenone and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid O-p-C glucopyranoside as the bioactive compound. Key words: Plant natural products/Sftorea gibosalAnisoptera marginatalActive extracts/Bioassay/Pasir Mayang.
THE EFFECTS OF a-CHLOROHYDRIN ON THE GESTATION OF THE WISTAR RAT (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: RAHMANIAH RAHMANIAH
Published: October 2019

The investigation of the effects of a-chlorohydrin on the gestation of the wistar rat has been carried out to determine whether a-chlorohydrin could interfere with the gestation of the rat and gestation period for optimal sensitivity. Alpha-chlorohydrin was administered by gavage to three different groups of pregnant rats, namely on the first (pre-implantation period), sixth (early post-implantation period) or fourteenth (late post-implantation period) gestation day, at a single dose of 62.5; 75 and 90 mg/kg body weight. Rats were sacrificed onÂ  the IS* gestation day. Number of implantations, gestation loss and post-implantation mortality were recorded. The results revealed that 75 and 90 mg/kg body weight of a-chlorohydrin significantly interfered with all the gestation periods used. For the pre-implantation group, a-chlorohydrin decreased significantly the implantation number, but increased the gestation loss as well as the post-implantation mortality compared to the control groups. For the early post-implantation and late post-implantation groups, a-chlorohydrin caused a significant increase in post-implantation mortality compared to the control groups. From these results it is concluded that a-chlorohydrin at 75 and 90 mg/kg body weight influences the gestation of the wistar rat administered during the pre-implantation period as the most sensitive gestation period. Key wordsÂ  : a-chlorohydrin//tattu? norvegi'ctu/rat/pre-implantation/early post-implantation/late post-implantation/implantation/gestation loss/post-implantation mortality.
VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM, THE CAUSAL ORGANISM OF VASCULAR WILT ON ROSELLE IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Ooi K.H , SALLEH B.
Published: October 2019

Forty strains of Fusarium oxysporvm isolated from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa) showing vascular wilt symptoms in three states (Terengganu, Penang and Ipoh) in the northern Malaysian Peninsula were used to investigate the vegetative compatibility. Nitrate-nonutilizing (nil) mutants were recovered from all the strains tested and subsequently used to study vegetative compatibility groups (VCG) within the population by nit mutants pairings on minimal medium. Thirteen VCGs were found and none were vegetatively compatible with those of other formae speciales (f. spp.) such as asparagi and cubense, and non-pathogenic strains from paddy and oil palm. The results indicate that there is substantial genetic diversity in F. oxysporum that causes vascular wilt disease on roselle as reflected by multiple VCGs, but the distribution of strains into the VCGs is not even as there are 26 representatives in VCG-1001M, two in VCG-1003M and VCG-1013M and only one in the other VCGs. This study may provide new insight into the establishment of a new forma specialis off. oxysporum. Key words: Vegetative Compatibility Groups/M/ mutants/fitsarium oxysporwrn/Roselle/Vascular wilt/ Malaysia.
SPECTRAL AND TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOWLAND TROPICAL RAIN FOREST OF JAMBI, SUMATERA
Authors: WASRIN UPIK ROSALINA , ARIEF MUCHLISIN , SETIABUDHI SETIABUDHI
Published: October 2019

Analyses of Landsat TM and SPOT multispectral data were performed with a very detailed description of the vegetation cover in the field to get a relevancy and consistency of digital image classification in a semi-automatic approach. Three main vegetation types, i.e. primary forest, logged-over forest and secondary forest after clear cut were analyzed and the microclimatic parameters were also measured to describe the ecological condition of the vegetation. Spectral and textural analysis of data obtained from field measurements and spectral reflectance values of the remote sensing data are the main topic of this report as one aspect of study on the Digital Method of Detection and Monitoring on Forest Ecosystem Change Using High Resolution Satellite Data funded by the Indonesian National Research Council. This study shows that spectral reflectance values alone cannot differentiate the logged-over forest from the primary forest, but it is very sharply distinguished from the secondary forest. As for the texture analysis, it is possible to distinguish the logged-over forest from the primary forest, as shown by different values of degree of Entropy, although spatially, it is still doubtful. Key words: Indonesia/Jambi/Tropical rain forests/lowland areas/Remote sensing/Vegetation Analysis/ Logged-over forests/Primary forests/Secondary forests.
MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF THREE ASIAN NATIVE HONEY BEES (APIS CERANA, A. DORSATA, A. FLOREA) IN NORTHERN VIETNAM AND THAILAND
Authors: NIEM N.V. , TRUNG L. Q.
Published: October 2019

Three species of Asian native honey beesÂ  (Apis cerana, A. florea and A. dorsata)Â  from northern Vietnam and Thailand were morphologically analyzed for investigations on their geographic variations and relations. In Vietnam, samples were collected from feral and managed colonies. In Thailand, the collections were from feral colonies or from field bees on flowers. Morphological analysis was carried out, using measurements common to honeybee taxonomy. Measured characters were done under stereomicroscope with an ocular micrometer. ANOVAÂ  program and multivariate statistical analyses were applied for treating the data. Overall,Â  A. ceranaÂ  populations in northern Vietnam are significantly morphologically different than from those in Thailand. It may be due to their different geographic locations between the Thai and Vietnamese populations of A. cerana. A. florea bees from Vietnam are generally bigger in size than those from Thailand, but the differences are uncertain. In contrast, the body size of A. dorsata populations from Thailand are bigger than those from Vietnam. However, these differences are also not significant. It is necessary to take further comparative investigations of these bee species from both countries. Key words: Honey bee/Apis cerana/Apis dorsata/ApisJlorea/moif>ho\ogy
Cardiac Biomarkers and Risk of Incident Heart Failure in Chronic Kidney Disease: The CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study
Authors: Bansal Nisha , Zelnick Leila , Go Alan , Anderson Amanda , Christenson Robert , Deo Rajat , Defilippi Christopher , Lash James , He Jiang , Ky Bonnie , Seliger Stephen , Soliman Elsayed , Shlipak Michael , Appel Lawrence J. , Feldman Harold I. , Rao Panduranga S.
Published: October 2019

Background

Cardiac biomarkers may signal mechanistic pathways involved in heart failure (
HF
), a leading complication in chronic kidney disease. We tested the associations of NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide), high‐sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), galectin‐3, growth differentiation factor‐15 (
GDF
‐15), and soluble
ST
2 (
sST
2) with incident
HF
in chronic kidney disease.

Methods and Results

We examined adults with chronic kidney disease enrolled in a prospective, multicenter study. All biomarkers were measured at baseline. The primary outcome was incident
HF
. Secondary outcomes included
HF
with preserved ejection fraction (EF≥50%) and reduced ejection fraction (EF<50%). Cox models were used to test the association of each cardiac biomarker with
HF
, adjusting for demographics, kidney function, cardiovascular risk factors, and medication use. Among 3314 participants, all biomarkers, with the exception of galectin‐3, were significantly associated with increased risk of incident
HF
(hazard ratio per SD higher concentration of log‐transformed biomarker):
NT
‐pro
BNP
(hazard ratio, 2.07; 95%
CI
, 1.79–2.39); hsTnT (hazard ratio, 1.38; 95%
CI
, 1.21–1.56);
GDF
‐15 (hazard ratio, 1.44; 95%
CI
, 1.26–1.66) and
sST
2 (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05–1.35). Higher
NT
‐pro
BNP
, hsTnT, and
GDF
‐15 were also associated with a greater risk of
HF
with reduced
EF
; while higher
NT
‐pro
BNP GDF
‐15 and
sST
2 were associated with
HF
with preserved
EF
. Galectin‐3 was not associated with either HF with reduced
EF
or
HF
with preserved EF.

Conclusions

In chronic kidney disease, elevations of
NT
‐pro
BNP
, hsTnT,
GDF
‐15,
sST
2 were associated with incident
HF
. There was a borderline association of galectin‐3 with incident
HF
.
NT
‐pro
BNP
and hsTnT were more strongly associated with
HF
with reduced
EF
, while the associations of the newer biomarkers
GDF
‐15 and
sST
2 were stronger for
HF
with preserved EF.
The Fate of Beauty in the Works of Alexander Blok
Authors: Zayats Sergei M.
Published: October 2019

In our work we decided to look at the creative path of Alexander Blok, since his attitude to some extent seems close to us, who have recently passed the Turn of the centuries. The turn of the centuries is a shift of epochs not only in philosophy and history, but also in the history of culture. It is during this period that a new human personality is formed, whose soul is utterly exposed in the face of life and time, which is tragically contradictory, full of expectations of terrible catastrophic changes in the universe, anxiety about the fate of mankind. The article traces how the works of A. Blok were influenced by philosophy of Vl. Solovyov, his theological ideas about the saving power of Beauty, its opportunities to transform and change the universe. The religious premonitions of the poet of the Silver Age in the pre-revolutionary era are shown in this article.
Shakespeare’s Codes in Poetic Prose
Authors: Shalygina Olga V.
Published: October 2019

Questions of teleology of art rhythm are closely related with concept of time. Objectives address the problem: to consider the relationship of aesthetic effects poetic prose associated with the manifestation of the reverse time in the story and vertical time in the architectonics of the artistic whole with literary codes. The article analyzes the aesthetic effects of poetic prose, considers the imposition of codes Hamlet’s and Macbeth’s in the plays by A.P. Chekhov and the novel by B. Pasternak Doctor Zhivago. The article analyzes the aesthetic effects of poetic prose, considers the imposition of this codes. Objectives address the problem: to consider the relationship of aesthetic effects poetic prose associated with the manifestation of the reverse time in the story and vertical time in the architectonics of the artistic whole with literary codes. In the novel of Pasternak, the Macbeth’s code in poetic prose appears in the rhythmic structure, the Hamlet’s code - in a symbolic structure. The allusion to Shakespeare’s text creates a strong voltage point between the inner dialogue with Shakespeare and something occurring in silence. Probably, the teleology of rhythm in the recent literature tematizada using these codes as the most adequate of modern European consciousness.
Effects of Single and Compound Electrolyte Electrolyzed Cathode Waters on Mechanical Property and Hydration Reaction of Concrete
Authors: Wang Liang , Quan Hongzhu
Published: October 2019

In this study, two kinds of different electrolyzed cathode water were used to prepare the concrete, the effects on mechanical property and hydration reaction of concrete were determined ultimately. Taking the influence of air-entraining admixture into consideration, the blank control
test was also conducted. The experiment results showed that the single and compound electrolyte electrolyzed water both can effectively improve the strength of ordinary concrete, and the differences in strength between these two kinds of electrolyzed water concrete were not significant. To
a small extent, the air-entraining admixtures would affect the activity of electrolyzed water and decrease the growth ratio of strength due to resistance effect. TG/DTA results test showed the calcium hydroxide amount of electrolyzed water concrete was obviously higher than that of natural
tap water concrete at each age. In other words, the electrolyzed water in concrete can promote and boost the hydration reaction to produce more C–S–H gels and calcium hydroxide, leading to strength improvement and porosity reduction of concrete. In addition, the influence of the
reaction between CO2–3 ions in electrolyzed water and calcium hydroxide on the increase of strength was little.
Enhanced Adsorption of Chromium by Stabilized Ca/Al–Fe Layered Double Hydroxide Decorated with Ferric Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Yanlin , Ma Jun , Yuan Yixing
Published: October 2019

Two-dimension magnetic double layer hydroxide nanoparticles (Ca–Al/Fe LDH) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Here, we demonstrate a potential method for efficient chromium removal using Ca–Al/Fe LDH as the adsorbent in water treatment. It was found that Cr(VI)
could be successfully eliminated using the Ca–Al/Fe LDH. The method achieved extremely fast removal of Cr(VI) from water with high adsorption capacities. As-prepared Ca–Al/Fe LDH had a high specific surface area and anti-agglomeration property, which contributed to preventing nanometer
metal particles from conglomerating during the adsorption process. The recycling studies indicated that Ca–Al/Fe LDH exhibited intense chromium absorption in simulated high levels of pollution wastewater. This modified synthetic approach could extend the application of Ca–Al/Fe
LDH for heavy metal control by enhancing their adsorption and desorption capacity in wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the modified synthetic method could be used to produce a suite of stabilized, non-toxic chemical magnetic nanoparticles, and could be used for industrial production.
Effect of Calcination Temperature on Light Absorption and Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of N Doped TiO2 Nano-Crystalline
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Ruiling , Xu Jin , Qin Songyan , Zheng Jiajun , Bian Yewang , Liu Yang , Shen Bofeng
Published: October 2019

N doped TiO2 nano-crystalline was prepared through hydrolysis-precipitation process in the presence of ammonia water. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance
spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). It was found that N was incorporated into the lattice of TiO2 through substituting lattice oxygen atoms and coexisted in the forms of substitutional N (O–Ti–N) and interstitial N (Ti–O–N). Further, doping with N could greatly improve
the phase transformation of TiO2 from rutile to anatase and light absorption in visible light region. The high visible light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of RhB of N doped TiO2 was mainly attributed to the small crystallite size, mixed phase composition,
intense light absorption in visible light region, narrow band gap energy and surface hydroxyl groups.
Prism-Based Laser Interference Lithography System for Simple Multibeam Interference Lithography
Authors: Park Jun Han , Yun Dan Hee , Ma Yong Won , Gwak Cheong Yeol , Shin Bo Sung
Published: October 2019

Laser interference lithography is a powerful technique of subwavelength-scale patterning. However, this technique requires a complicated optical system, the precise control and complexity of which increases exponentially with increasing number of beams. In this study, a compact prism-based
laser interference lithography system using optical fibers and a prism was proposed to simplify the technique. In this system, the beam splitter and mirrors in a typical laser interference lithography system were replaced by a designed prism, and the pattern could be easily changed by only
changing the prism, without other modification, irrespective of the number of beams required. In addition, because the laser and the laser interference lithography system are connected by an optical fiber, the system can be moved easily and flexibly. The fabrication of various submicroscale
line patterns, holes, and dot patterns with a 270–1400 nm pitch was achieved using the proposed laser interference lithography system.
High-Status Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Costly, Effortful, and Visible
Authors: Uren Hannah V. , Roberts Lynne D. , Dzidic Peta L. , Leviston Zoe
Published: October 2019

Diffusion of pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) is known to be influenced by the perceived social status of those behaviors, but little is known about what gives PEBs social status. A sample of Australian residents ( N = 601) were asked to rate the social status of 16 PEBs and report their self and public environmental identities. Environmental identities accounted for 18% to 19% of the variance in social status ratings. Efficiency behaviors were perceived as conveying the greatest social status, and activism behaviors the least. Visibility, cost, and effort also predicted perceived social status. Short-answer responses indicated the social status ratings of PEBs were also dependent on the perceived environmental motivations for performing those behaviors. Understanding which PEBs are seen as high status provides insight into PEBs that may be easiest to promote and sheds light on the broader social structures that influence social status perceptions.
Memory Pattern Identification for Feedback Tracking Control in Human–Machine Systems
Authors: Martínez-García Miguel , Zhang Yu , Gordon Timothy
Published: October 2019

Objective

The aim of this paper was to identify the characteristics of memory patterns with respect to a visual input, perceived by the human operator during a manual control task, which consisted in following a moving target on a display with a cursor.

Background

Manual control tasks involve nondeclarative memory. The memory encodings of different motor skills have been referred to as procedural memories. The procedural memories have a pattern, which this paper sought to identify for the particular case of a one-dimensional tracking task. Specifically, data recorded from human subjects controlling dynamic systems with different fractional order were investigated.

Method

A finite impulse response (FIR) controller was fitted to the data, and pattern analysis of the fitted parameters was performed. Then, the FIR model was further reduced to a lower order controller; from the simplified model, the stability analysis of the human–machine system in closed-loop was conducted.

Results

It is shown that the FIR model can be used to identify and represent patterns in human procedural memories during manual control tasks. The obtained procedural memory pattern presents a time scale of about 650 ms before decay. Furthermore, the fitted controller is stable for systems with fractional order less than or equal to 1.

Conclusion

For systems of different fractional order, the proposed control scheme—based on an FIR model—can effectively characterize the linear properties of manual control in humans.

Application

This research supports a biofidelic approach to human manual control modeling over feedback visual perceptions. Relevant applications of this research are the following: the development of shared-control systems, where a virtual human model assists the human during a control task, and human operator state monitoring.