bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predation on Eggs of Dendropsophus haddadi (Bastos & Pombal, 1996) (Anura: Hylidae) by the Social Wasp Angiopolybia pallens (Lepeletier, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)
Authors: Carvalho Bruno Teixeira de , Carilo Filho Leildo Machado , Dias Iuri Ribeiro , Menezes Rodolpho Santos Telles
Published: August 2024

Trophic relations are paramount in understanding the dimensions of a species’ niche. While we commonly perceive insects as natural prey for amphibians, the reverse is also true. This study shows how wasps can exploit amphibian spawnings as a food resource. Specifically, we present unprecedented predation events, where the social wasp Angiopolybia pallens prey upon the eggs of the anuran Dendropsophus haddadi. These remarkable observations occurred within the cocoa agroforestry system (cabruca) in the Atlantic Rainforest area in southern Bahia, Brazil. This research contributes significantly to our understanding of trophic interactions in the region by revealing such particular predation dynamics in this biodiversity hotspot.
Flight-intensive practices and wellbeing: current evidence and future research
Authors: Guillen-Royo Mònica , Nicholas Kimberly A. , Ellingsen Tanja , Koch Max , Julsrud Tom Erik
Published: August 2024

This article draws on social practice theory and wellbeing perspectives to outline a research framework for the study of flight-intensive practices. The framework is then used to discuss, through a non-systematic review, the social science air travel literature and to propose avenues for future research. We study both the work and leisure domains, with sub-cases for travel in academia and visiting family and friends. We find insights of a complex relationship between flight-intensive practices and wellbeing. On one hand, currently flight-intensive practices are linked to human need fulfilment, particularly in the family and social domains. Leisure-related air travel often enhances subjective wellbeing, as it contributes to positive moods and life satisfaction, but may not be sustained in the long term. On the other hand, flying, particularly frequent flying, hinders wellbeing by increasing levels of stress and health-related issues, and by straining work/life balance. Overall, the study suggests that policies to reduce the demand for air travel may not significantly compromise wellbeing if accompanied by infrastructural and sociocultural changes that support specific groups to still meet their needs for relatedness, participation, or understanding through low carbon transport, videoconferencing, or reducing the total amount of travel. We identify avenues for future research, both to consolidate our understanding of the practice elements that will support a shift away from flight-intensive practices, and to understand their direct effects on wellbeing.
St. Joseph's University in Beirut and Its Institutions: Places of Knowledge of the Orient in the Christian East
Authors: Herzstein Rafael
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This article examines the various institutions of the Université Saint-Joseph (U.S.J.) in Beirut, the works of its scholars, and their contributions to the knowledge of the Orient in the Christian East. The research question is the following: Were these prestigious institutions all "cultural symbols" of the knowledge of the Orient in the Christian East at the time? In order to answer the question, we particularly refer to the Oriental Library (La Bibliothèque Orientale); the creation of the Oriental Faculty; its publications, including the faculty's organ entitled Les Mélanges de la Faculté Orientale (Mélanges of the Eastern Faculty); the Catholic Printing Press, the journals Al-Machriq and Al-Bashir; and various other publications. Indeed, these institutions expanded the knowledge of the Orient to the students of the Université Saint-Joseph. This study is part of the scientific debate dealing with cultural, political history in the region.
Optimizing optical setup for transmission spectra shift-based measurement of DNAs in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Issatayeva Aizhan , Melli Federico , Vincetti Luca , Cucinotta Annamaria
Published: August 2024

Hollow-core photonic crystal fibers have shown promising potential for
label-free DNA detection, relying on a multi-step functionalization of
their inner surface to capture target DNA selectively. This process
forms a bio-layer altering the fiber’s cladding thickness, causing a
shift in the transmission spectrum and allowing a label-free detection
with just an attenuation measurement. However, it is crucial to ensure
the excitation of the fundamental mode (FM) at each functionalization
step. The current optical setup has limitations: achieving FM
excitation is difficult, and mode verification relies on a camera that
averages modes over the range of wavelengths. In this paper, the first
issue is addressed by adding two mirrors between the light source and
the fiber so that the angle of light entering the fiber can be
controlled, avoiding the excitation of the high order modes (HOMs) and
making the setup more stable and flexible. The second issue is solved
by using the band-pass filters before the camera so that the FM
excitation can be checked at specific wavelengths of greater utility
for the detection process. The experiments have shown that the mirrors
allowed the excitation of a range of different modes, and the filters
were found to be useful in improving the sensing accuracy.
Optical communication in a turbulent atmosphere via the orbital angular momentum of a laser beam. II. Symbol error rate in a data line
Authors: Aksenov V. P. , Dudorov V. V. , Kolosov V. V. , Pogutsa Ch. E.
Published: August 2024

A numerical simulation is applied to study the symbol error rate (SER) in an optical communication system with data modulation by the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of an optical beam propagating through a turbulent atmosphere. In this case, the OAM is calculated from pre-recorded powers of azimuthal modes, while the complex modes are the coefficients of expansion of the wave field of the beam into spiral harmonics. The SER is calculated as a function of turbulence conditions for the LG1 and LG4 beams and data line lengths, as well as the number of receiving channels (number of recorded powers of azimuthal modes) and size of the input aperture of the receiving telescope. It is shown that the range of angular harmonics can be optimized to diminish the SER. It is found that knowing the probability density of OAM fluctuations, with a pre-determined average OAM and its variance, we can estimate the SER without conducting special numerical tests.
Narrowband absorption far-red organic photodetector for photoplethysmography
Authors: Jian Yuqing , Gao Wei , Qin Yue , Guo Hao , Wen Huanfei , Li Zhonghao , Ma Zongmin , Li Xin , Jia Zhenyan , Tang Jun , Liu Jun
Published: August 2024

Narrowband absorption organic semiconductors are highly attractive for spectrally selective photodetection applications requiring lightweight and customizable devices. Although narrowband absorption photodetectors have achieved success in the visible range, far-red (650–750 nm) devices are scarce. The far-red wavelength range is relevant for applications in medical diagnostics, such as photoplethysmography for blood oxygen saturation detection. In this study, a non-fullerene bulk heterojunction organic photodetector with a narrowband response in the far-red spectrum is fabricated. The photodetector exhibits a high detectivity of 5.06 × 1012 Jones at a bias of -2 V. The full-width at half-maximum of the responsivity peak of the photodetector is 85 nm, which is the smallest spectral width among solution-processed devices. The response speed is 11.56 kHz. The photodetector responds within the microsecond range. The potential of the photodetector for blood oxygen saturation measurement is demonstrated.
Direct laser write lithography for high optical quality electrowetting prisms
Authors: Miscles Eduardo J. , Zohrabi Mo , Gopinath Juliet T. , Bright Victor M.
Published: August 2024

This study demonstrates the fabrication and evaluation of a monolithic electrowetting prism with a minimized electrode gap. The electrically tunable prism is capable of two-dimensional beam steering of approximately ±4 degrees under voltage differentials up to ±15 V. The main innovation lies in reducing the electrode gap to 30 μm, accomplished using direct write laser lithography on three dimensional substrates. Through simulations and experimental validation, we show that reducing the gap between electrodes to 30 μm enables the transmission of a 1.2 mm diameter beam with negligible impact on imaging quality. The improved imaging quality makes electrowetting prisms an attractive option for future advancements in optical scanning technologies.
Exposure to bovine livestock and latent tuberculosis infection in children: Investigating the zoonotic tuberculosis potential in a large urban and peri-urban area of Cameroon
Authors: Tsasse Martine Augusta Flore , Dilonga Meriki Henry , Nana Djeunga Hugues Clotaire , Ngwa Marius Ambe , Tatsilong Pambou Henri Olivier , Dongmo Raïssa , Nguessi Ouethy , Kamgno Joseph , Akoachere Jane-Francis Tatah Kihla , Nguipdop-Djomo Patrick
Published: August 2024

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), a neglected zoonotic disease, is endemic in cattle in many Sub-saharan African countries, yet its contribution to tuberculosis (TB) burden is understudied. Rapid urbanisation and increase in demand for animal proteins, including dairy products, increases the risk of spill over. This study compared the latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) risk in children, a proxy-measure for recent TB infection, in children living in high cattle density areas to children from the general population in Cameroon. Cross-sectional study in the Centre Region of Cameroon in 2021, recruiting 160 children aged 2–15 years, stratified by exposure to livestock, people treated for pulmonary TB (PTB) and the general community. Veinous blood was tested for LTBI using QuantiFERON–TB Gold-Plus. Prevalence were calculated and the association to exposure and other risk factors investigated using logistic regression models. The crude LTBI prevalence were 8.2% in the general population, 7.3% in those exposed to cattle and 61% in pulmonary TB household contacts. After adjusting for confounding and sampling design, exposure to cattle and exposure to pulmonary TB were associated with higher risk of LTBI than the general population (respectively odds ratio (OR): 3.56, 95%CI: 0.34 to 37.03; and OR: 10.36, 95%CI: 3.13 to 34.21). Children frequently consuming cow milk had higher risk of LTBI (OR: 3.35; 95%CI 0.18 to 60.94). Despite limited statistical power, this study suggests that children exposed to cattle in a setting endemic for bTB had higher risk of LTBI, providing indirect evidence that Mycobacterium bovis may contribute to TB burden.
TO THE QUESTION OF STUDYING THE DISSOLUTION RATE OF ZINC FERRITE USING THE ROTATING DISK METHOD
Authors:   Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Reutov D. , Krasheninin A. ,   Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gavrilov A. ,   Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleshin D. ,   Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2024

Flotation processing of copper smelting slag results in the formation of flotation tailings containing approximately 0.5 % copper and 4 % zinc, which are present in primary and secondary mineral compounds. Accumulated volumes of these wastes in Russia range from 120 to 140 million tons. Copper and zinc in the tailings are found in ferrites as separate mineral phases. This material can serve as a raw material for the extraction of copper and zinc. One of the components of this raw material, zinc ferrite, was investigated for its dissolution rate using the rotating disk method. To do this, zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) was synthesized using ceramic technology. The sample was characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The obtained ferrites were compressed into tablets and fixed in a Teflon holder for experiments. The kinetics of zinc ferrite dissolution in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid were studied in the concentration range of 7 to 300 g/dm3, at temperatures of 25, 45, and 65 °С (298, 318, and 338 K), and under hydrodynamic conditions. Activation energies were calculated using the Arrhenius equation, and experimental rate constants were determined. A conclusion was drawn regarding the kinetic regime of zinc ferrite dissolution.
INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM-STRONTIUM CARBONATE AND COOLING CONDITIONS DURING SOLIDIFICATION ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF COMPLEX-ALLOYED WHITE CAST IRONS OF Fe–C–Cr–Mn–Ni–Ti–Al–Nb SYSTEM
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Molochkova O.
Published: August 2024

Under severe operating conditions, such as aggressive abrasives, high temperatures and harmful working environments, machine and equipment parts are favoured that are made mainly of white cast irons. The structure and the amount of carbide phase in these cast irons influence their mechanical properties and their ability to resist wear at elevated temperatures. White cast irons owe their particular wear resistance to the high content of primary MC carbides and eutectic carbides such as M7C3 in the matrix, which is mainly composed of austenite or austenite and ferrite. There is a wide variety of technological methods that are designed to improve the special characteristics of cast irons, centred mainly on improving the structure of the materials. The most effective methods for improving the mechanical and special properties of foundry alloys are refining and complex modification. The heat resistance of cast iron is improved as a result of removal of harmful impurities from the melt and formation of refractory inclusions such as SrO and available MgO, Al2O3, SiO2 in carbonate. These inclusions serve as crystallisation centres, which leads to melt supercooling and structure refinement. The modifying effect of carbonate is due to the formation of SrO oxide, these inclusions act as modifiers of the second kind. When cast iron is heated, an oxide film of strontium chromate (SrCrO4) is formed on the surface of castings, which has a higher density and better adhesion to the metal base than spinel oxide (FeO·Cr2O3). This results in better resistance to scale formation.
INFLUENCE OF BORON AND COOLING RATE DURING SOLIDIFICATION ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF COMPLEX-ALLOYED WHITE CAST IRONS OF THE Fe–C–Cr–Mn–Ni–Ti SYSTEM
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Molochkova O. , Petrochenko E. ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University
Published: August 2024

It is possible to improve the technological and operational properties of white high-chromium cast irons by changing the ratio of basic chemical elements in castings, complex alloying, micro alloying and modification, conditions of crystallization of metals in castings and heat treatment methods, which makes it possible to control the process of formation of structure and properties of metal in castings. Structure stability and heat and wear resistance depend on the type and morphology of carbides and the corresponding metal base, chemical composition of structural components that determine the protective properties of oxide layers, since the authors have shown that scale resistance is a structure-sensitive property. The study of the influence of boron and cooling modes in the casting mold on the distribution of chemical elements in the phases of cast irons of the Fe–C–Cr–Mn–Ni–Ti system, ensuring the stability of structure and operational properties at operating temperatures is an urgent task.
METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE PRODUCTION OF SORBITIZED HIGH-CARBON WIRE ROD WITH THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING A GUARANTEED COMPLEX OF PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Nazarov D.
Published: August 2024

The article discusses options for modernization of existing small-section mills. An analysis of the current technology for cooling rolled products at mill 170 of PJSC MMK was carried out. The results of research and development work in 2020–2021 are considered, which showed the advantage of those developed at MSTU rolling modes over the current modes at the mill.
FEATURES OF DEFECTS WHEN ROLLING THIN STRAPS AND FOILS
Authors:   Ryazan Institute (branch) of Moscow Polytechnic University, Tatarnikov N. , Belelyubsky B. ,   Moscow Polytechnic University, Yusupov V. ,   Moscow Polytechnic University; A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2024

The authors analyze the main causes of their formation and methods preventing the appearance of scrap. Correct selection of necessary modes of strip rolling is complicated due to the peculiarities of the rolled material with shape memory – nitinol. Titanium nickelide has the ability to attach gases (nitrogen, oxygen) and is subject to oxidation. The article deals with defects formed during rolling on multi-roll mills. Among them are double-sided corrugations, boxiness, bubbles, waviness, different thicknesses. The main negative factors that are sources of these defects can be counteracted by correct roll profiling (waviness), setting the right modes of compression (double-sided corrugation), reassembly of the main units of the mill (runout, boxiness). When rolling hard-to-machine materials, sliver texture should be analyzed to identify sources of defects. Rolling equipment adjustment should include not only rolling modes (speed, compression value, tension on coiler drums), but also work with working rolls, including high-precision surface treatment of barrels and necks.
DEVELOPMENT AND COMMISSIONING OF A CROSS-CUTTING SITE FOR FORGINGS FROM SPECIAL STEEL AND ALLOYS, BUILT INTO A RADIAL FORGING TECHNOLOGICAL LINE
Authors:   LLC “Metallurgical Institute of Advanced Technologies”, Zakarlyukin S. , Koval G. ,   South Ural State University
Published: August 2024

A technological section for transverse cutting of forgings produced on a radial forging machine SKK-14 from the Austrian company GFM has been developed, which has no analogues in the composition of the equipment, its layout and design. A new design of a valve ejector for forgings is proposed, the distinctive feature of which is its compact integration into the existing roller conveyor of a radial forging machine, as well as counter-directional rotation of the valve levers. To reduce the cutting force and heating costs, it is proposed to heat or preheat only part of the length of the forging at the place of its cutting using a specially designed induction heater. Taking into account the peculiarities of the hydraulic system of the P-6332 press and the requirements for cutting conditions on shears with parallel knives, an original design of a die for cutting forgings was developed, the distinctive features of which are the perception of axial cutting forces by the die columns during cutting, as well as the synchronization of the clamping and cutting mechanisms. Taking into account the execution of forgings using a P6332 hydraulic press with a developed upper cutting stamp, a special compact swinging drive roller table with a pressure roller has been developed, the swing axis of which is aligned with the axis of the roller table drive roller and is offset relative to the roller table center of gravity, ensuring the roller table returns to its previous position after tilting. To enable the movement of measured forgings and their storage, designs of a transport roller table, a lever ejector and storage pockets have been developed.
MODELING AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE COOLING AND SOLIDIFICATION PROCESS CONTINUOUSLY CAST SLAB BILLETS
Authors:   South Ural State University, Panferov V. , Panferov S. ,   South Ural State University
Published: August 2024

Introduction. The problem of parametric identification of a mathematical model of the process of cooling and solidification of continuously cast slabs in the secondary cooling zone (SZZ) of continuous casting machines (CCMs) is considered. The relevance of the work is determined, first of all, by the fact that the quality of the product obtained in this way significantly depends on the operating mode of the air defense system. The technological process is quite complex, not fully studied and, as a result, still poorly managed. Purpose of the study. Develop a procedure for parametric identification of a model of the metal cooling and solidification process based on data available for direct measurement. Materials and methods. An analysis and synthesis of literature data on the problem was carried out. An acceptable structure of the mathematical model was determined, a criterion for the proximity of the object and the model was selected, and the problem of its parametric identification was posed and solved. Results. An acceptable formula has been determined to describe the real temperature field in the workpiece after the metal leaves the mold. A numerical study has established that the identification problem under consideration is solved stably and with almost any predetermined accuracy, and an increase in the number of surface temperature measurement points significantly increases the noise immunity of the solution. When describing external heat transfer in radiative-convective form, the identification problem was solved using a program that implements the coordinate descent method; the resulting one-dimensional minimization problems were solved using a subroutine using the golden section method. To numerically integrate the model equations, an implicit finite-difference scheme was used, which was solved by the sweep method. In the case where the external heat transfer of the workpiece is described only in convective form, a program using the golden section method has been developed and tested. The curves of changes over time of process variables calculated using the adjusted model are presented. Conclusion. A mathematical model tuned to the “real process” was used to identify the features of the metal cooling process in the production plant of the continuous casting plant of PJSC MMK; in particular, based on the results of the study, the coolant costs along the production line were adjusted.
Norepinephrine mediates heart block during severe hypoglycemia in male rats
Authors: Nuibe Emily H. , Chambers Matthew E. , Reno‐Bernstein Candace M.
Published: August 2024

Hypoglycemia is common in people with type 1 diabetes. Sometimes, severe hypoglycemia can be fatal. The underlying mechanisms by which severe hypoglycemia can lead to death are unclear. The sympathetic nervous system is thought to be proarrhythmic. We hypothesized that norepinephrine is the main mediator of severe hypoglycemia‐induced fatal cardiac arrhythmias. To test this hypothesis, adult, non‐diabetic Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to hyperinsulinemic‐severe hypoglycemic clamps (3 h, 10–15 mg/dL) during two different experiments: (1) intracerebroventricular (ICV) norepinephrine (n = 26) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) (n = 20) infusion or (2) blockade of norepinephrine release by intraperitoneal reserpine (n = 20) or control (n = 29). In experiment 1, brain norepinephrine infusion during severe hypoglycemia led to a 2.5‐fold increase in third‐degree heart block and a 24% incidence of ST elevation compared to no ST elevation in aCSF controls. In experiment 2, reserpine successfully reduced plasma and cardiac norepinephrine levels. During severe hypoglycemia, reserpine completely prevented second and third‐degree heart block and T wave increases, a marker of myocardial infarction, compared to controls. In conclusion, norepinephrine increases while reserpine, used to reduce norepinephrine nerve terminal release, reduces heart block and markers of myocardial infarction during severe hypoglycemia.
Intelligent collision avoidance strategy for all-electric propulsion GEO satellite orbit transfer control
Authors: Yang Yue , Hao Yuanhui , Ke Liangjun , Liu Jiangong , Huang Jingqi
Published: August 2024

The all-electric propulsion Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite, characterized by its low launch cost, high precision control, and long operational lifespan, has become a focal point in aerospace research worldwide. During its orbital transfer control, this satellite continuously performs weak maneuvers across various orbits including LEO, MEO, and GEO, creating a potential “weavin” effect with other space objects, thereby dramatically increasing the risk of collisions. To effectively mitigate collision risks, this article proposes a collision warning analysis strategy based on deviation orbits. Through the categorization of warning space domain interval level, deviation orbit coverage calculation, and dynamic analysis of control parameters, a collision warning success rate of 100% is ensured. In addition, a collision avoidance algorithm based on deviation orbit control strategy is established, ensuring a 100% success rate in collision avoidance through precision calibration of electric thrust, optimization of deviation orbit control strategy, and autonomous generation of control strategy. Furthermore, a dynamic intelligent collision avoidance model based on orbit prediction error compensation is designed. By constructing an orbit prediction error analysis model, error learning model, and error compensation model, perturbation error in the orbit model are corrected, leading to an accuracy improvement of over 25% in prediction. The experimental results validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed methods, ensuring the safety requirements for collision warning and avoidance during the orbital transfer control process of all-electric propulsion GEO satellites.
Containment-Control linearer Multi-Agenten-Systeme mittels Kontinuumsmodellen
Authors: Jung Nick , Deutscher Joachim
Published: August 2024

Dieser Beitrag behandelt das Containment-Control-Problem für lineare Multi-Agenten-Systeme (MAS) unter Verwendung von Kontinuumsmodellen. Bei diesem kooperativen Regelungsproblem muss ein Netzwerk-Regler für das MAS in Anwesenheit von Störungen bestimmt werden, welcher die Konvergenz der Agenten in einen durch die dynamischen Führungsagenten aufgespannten Bereich, der sogenannten Containment-Area, sicherstellt. Diese Aufgabenstellung wird auf eine Führungs- und Störgrößenaufschaltung für ein Kontinuumsmodell unabhängig von der Agentenanzahl zurückgeführt. Dabei können beliebige Agentenformationen, welche sich durch Bézierkurven beschreiben lassen, in der Containment-Area vorgegeben werden. Der zugehörige Entwurf eines Folgereglers erfolgt mittels des bilateralen Backsteppings, womit der Stellaufwand gezielt auf die beiden Randagenten verteilt werden kann. Die verteilte Lösung des Containment Problems ergibt sich durch einen Kontinuumssignalmodellbeobachter, welcher die Zustände des Führungs- und Störmodells an alle Agenten kommuniziert. Die zugehörige Kommunikationstopologie wird durch eine Ortsdiskretisierung eingeprägt. Ein Simulationsbeispiel veranschaulicht die neue Methode zum Netzwerkreglerentwurf.
Modellierung und Analyse textiler Fassaden mit vertikalem Wassertransport
Authors: Gschweng Melanie , Eisenbarth Christina , Haase Walter , Sawodny Oliver , Böhm Michael
Published: August 2024

Fassaden zur Klimaanpassung (FKA) können dem Hitzeinseleffekt in dicht bebauten Innenstädten entgegenwirken. Durch Regenwasseraufnahme und Verdunstung an heißen, trockenen Tagen eignet sich ihre Anbringung vor allem an Hochhäusern mit viel Fassadenfläche. Zur Untersuchung des dynamischen Systemverhaltens wird eine FKA phänomenologisch über partielle Differentialgleichungen modelliert. Das Modell wird auf Basis einer Transportgleichung und Energiebilanzen hergeleitet. Durch die Untersuchung von stationären Zuständen werden Empfehlungen für Betriebsstrategien gegeben.
Datenbasierter Entwurf von Einbettungsbeobachtern unter Nutzung von Automatischem Differenzieren
Authors: Fiedler Julius , Gerbet Daniel , Röbenack Klaus
Published: August 2024

High-Gain-Beobachter werden häufig verwendet, um den aktuellen internen Zustand nichtlinearer Systeme zu schätzen. Der Ansatz beruht auf der Transformation in die Beobachtbarkeitsnormalform und mitunter auf der Einbettung des Systems in einen höherdimensionalen Raum. Obwohl dies Vorteile in Bezug auf Existenzbedingungen und Konvergenz bieten kann, sind die rechnerischen und implementierungsbezogenen Aufgaben oft abschreckend. In diesem Beitrag gehen wir einige dieser Herausforderungen an, indem wir neuronale Netze und automatisches Differenzieren verwenden, um die erforderlichen Funktionen für die Implementierung des Beobachters zu approximieren. Dies bietet einen pragmatischen Ansatz, um einige der mit der Einbettung von Beobachtern verbundenen Probleme zu umgehen.
Bioelectrochemical biosensors for water quality assessment and wastewater monitoring
Authors: Bindu Anagha , Bhadra Sudipa , Nayak Soubhagya , Khan Rizwan , Prabhu Ashish A. , Sevda Surajbhan
Published: August 2024

Bioelectrochemical biosensors offer a promising approach for real-time monitoring of industrial bioprocesses. Many bioelectrochemical biosensors do not require additional labelling reagents for target molecules. This simplifies the monitoring process, reduces costs, and minimizes potential contamination risks. Advancements in materials science and microfabrication technologies are paving the way for smaller, more portable bioelectrochemical biosensors. This opens doors for integration into existing bioprocessing equipment and facilitates on-site, real-time monitoring capabilities. Biosensors can be designed to detect specific heavy metals such as lead, mercury, or chromium in wastewater. Early detection allows for the implementation of appropriate removal techniques before they reach the environment. Despite these challenges, bioelectrochemical biosensors offer a significant leap forward in wastewater monitoring. As research continues to improve their robustness, selectivity, and cost-effectiveness, they have the potential to become a cornerstone of efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment practices.
DEM investigation on flow regime transition of cylindrical particle in a rotating drum
Authors: Chen Guoqing , Mei Yuting , Zhang Yong , Jin Baosheng
Published: August 2024

A comprehensive understanding of the flow regime transition is a prerequisite for designing and operating the rotating drum, especially when dealing with non-spherical particles. In this study, the multi-sphere method was used to construct cylindrical particles. The optimal number of spherical elements for particles with different aspect ratios was determined in terms of kinetic energy, rotational kinetic energy, collision number, collision force, deformation and angle of repose. And the effects of filling rate, rotational speed and particle size on the macro- and micro-behavior of cylindrical particles were systematically investigated. The results show that when the aspect ratio of cylindrical particle is 2, 3 and 4, the optimal number of spherical elements are 5, 8, and 10, respectively. Four flow structures, namely rolling, cascading, cataracting and centrifuging, were identified with the increase of the rotation speed, but the transition boundary from rolling to cascading is not clear due to the irregular particle shape. Three flow structures, namely slipping, transition, and cascading, were identified with the increase of the filling degree. The transition diagram of flow regime was established. The results show that the aspect ratio has a great influence on the flow transition from slipping to cascading regime. The area covered by the transition flow regime expands as the aspect ratio increases, necessitating a greater filling degree to achieve a stable rolling flow regime.
“Librarying” Under the Candlelight: The Impact of Electricity Power Outages on Library Services
Authors: Bangani Siviwe
Published: August 2024

Power outages have become pervasive in many Global South countries causing serious disruption to economies, psycho-social well-being, and industries including libraries. Occasionally, these power outages and their implications are felt in Global North countries too, mainly as a result of natural disasters whose occurrence has become too common due to global warming. This study sought to assess the impact of power outages on library services. The method employed was desk research which relied on a literature review and the lived experiences of the researcher who is based in South Africa, one of the countries that experienced almost daily periodic power outages as a result of the imposition of load shedding. The results show that power outages disrupt daily services of libraries resulting in difficulties in accessing electronic resources and services causing library hours to be adjusted and even closures. Power outages often lead to great frustration and anger from clients and librarians alike. Based on the available literature, some remedies are suggested to cushion the blow to clients and libraries. However, these remedies can only be temporary solutions. Ultimately, it is recommended that libraries should tackle the issue of load shedding collectively by either negotiating favourable deals with alternative energy providers and/or in negotiations with governments to, as far as possible, exempt and prioritise libraries in cases of power outages. This will aid in stemming the negative effects on education, access to information, and other efforts to actualise sustainable development.
On the Harary Estrada index of graphs
Authors: Oboudi Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2024

Let

G

G

be a connected graph with

n

n

vertices

v

1

,

…

,

v

n

{v}_{1},\ldots ,{v}_{n}

. The Harary matrix of

G

G

, denoted by

H

(

G

)

H\left(G)

, is an

n
×
n

n\times n

matrix with a zero main diagonal, where the

(

i
,
j

)

\left(i,j)

-entry is

1

d

(

v

i

,

v

j

)

\frac{1}{d\left({v}_{i},{v}_{j})}

for

i
≠
j

i\ne j

, and

d

(

v

i

,

v

j

)

d\left({v}_{i},{v}_{j})

represents the distance between

v

i

{v}_{i}

and

v

j

{v}_{j}

. Let

ρ

1

,

…

,

ρ

n

{\rho }_{1},\ldots ,{\rho }_{n}

be the eigenvalues of

H

(

G

)

H\left(G)

. The Harary Estrada index of

G

G

is defined as

HEE

(

G

)

=

∑

i
=
1

n

e

ρ

i

{\rm{HEE}}\left(G)=\mathop{\sum }\limits_{i=1}^{n}{e}^{{\rho }_{i}}

. In this article we study Harary Estrada index and find some new sharp bounds for the Harary Estrada index of graphs. Our results generalize and improve the previous bounds on the Harary Estrada index of graphs. Finally, we obtain some Nordhaus-Gaddum type inequalities for the Harary Estrada index of graphs.
Effects of Plyometric Training on Running Biomechanics and Jumping Ability of U14 Athletes
Authors: Cardiel-Sánchez Silvia , Rubio-Peirotén Alberto , Molina-Molina Alejandro , García-Cebadera Gómez Carlos , Almenar-Arasanz Alejandro , Ráfales-Perucha Andrés , Roche-Seruendo Luis E. , Cartón-Llorente Antonio
Published: August 2024

Cardiel-Sánchez, S, Rubio-Peirotén, A, Molina-Molina, A, García-Cebadera Gómez, C, Almenar-Arasanz, A, Ráfales-Perucha, A, Roche-Seruendo, LE, and Cartón-Llorente, A. Effects of plyometric training on running biomechanics and jumping ability of U14 athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—Children under the age of 14 years (U14) are particularly susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders because of growth spurts. Plyometric training has been shown to be beneficial for both injury reduction and performance enhancement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of plyometric training on the jumping ability and running biomechanics of U14 track-and-field athletes. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. Thirty-five (18 female and 17 male) U14 athletes (age: 12.5 ± 1.2 years; height: 152.3 ± 7.7 cm; body mass: 47.3 ± 6.9 kg) were randomized into experimental and control groups. All subjects completed their usual training for 4 weeks, and those in the intervention group added a low-volume plyometric program twice a week. Preintervention and postintervention assessments included a countermovement jump (CMJ) to determine maximum jump height, 10-second repeated jumps to assess reactive strength index (RSI), and a 3-minute run at 12 km·h−1 to analyze running kinematics contact time, flight time, step length (SL), step frequency (SF), mean power output, vertical spring stiffness, and leg spring stiffness (LSS). The results revealed no main effect of time for any of the variables. A group-by-time interaction was found for RSI (p = 0.045) in the intervention group, whereas a significant increase in LSS was also found after the intervention (p = 0.031). However, no changes in CMJ height or other running parameters were observed. The significance level for the study was set at ρ ≤ 0.05. Plyometric-jump training may improve the stretch-shortening cycle in U14 athletes by increasing RSI and LSS. Athletes and coaches in running-related sports should be aware of these short-term effects when aiming to optimize the energy storage and release mechanism.
The Immediate Effects of a Standardized Kettlebell Swing Protocol on Lumbar Paraspinal Muscle Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hanney William J. , Perez Andrew , Collado Gabriel , Palmer Alison C. , Wilson Abigail T. , Richardson Randi M. , Kolber Morey J.
Published: August 2024

Hanney, WJ, Perez, A, Collado, G, Palmer, AC, Wilson, AT, Richardson, RM, and Kolber, MJ. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—Kettlebell swings (KBSs) are commonly used to target the lumbar erector spinae and lower body musculature. This exercise exhibits distinct loading properties that requires cyclical contraction of the trunk extensors and posterior chain, potentially explaining its novel influence on muscle contractility. Tensiomyography (TMG) is a reliable, noninvasive, passive technique that may be used to examine muscular fatigue produced by exercises such as KBSs. The purpose of this randomized control trial was to determine the extent of muscle fatigue in the lumbar erector spinae musculature following the performance of a previously published high-intensity interval KBS protocol. Forty-one adults between the ages of 18 and 45 years were recruited. Inclusion criteria included subjects with no recent history of low back pain and clearance by the physical activity readiness questionnaire. Subjects were randomly allocated to either a KBS group (n = 21) or a control group (CON; n = 20) who only performed the unloaded warm-up. Subjects were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 24-hours postintervention for bilateral erector spinae fatigue, measured by 5 TMG parameters (Dm, Tc, Tr, Td, and Ts). The results were evaluated through a 2 × 3 (group × time) repeated-measures analysis of variance. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. There was no significant difference in lumbar erector spinae fatigue, measured by the 5 TMG parameters (p ≥ 0.079), following the interval KBS protocol in comparison with the CON group at 3 assessment periods. A high-intensity interval KBS protocol failed to produce significant differences in erector spinae fatigue compared with the control group that did not perform a KBS. These findings warrant further investigation into muscle fatigue produced with higher intensity protocols and possibly suggest, depending on the programming goals, the need for an alternate KBS training parameters.
Acute Effects of Foam Rolling vs. Vibration Foam Rolling on Blood Flow Parameters in Professional Soccer Players: A Randomized Crossover Design
Authors: Padrón-Cabo Alexis , Alonso-Calvete Alejandra , Radzimiński Łukasz , Rey Ezequiel , Lorenzo-Martínez Miguel
Published: August 2024

Padrón-Cabo, A, Alonso-Calvete, A, Radzimiński, Ł, Rey, E, and Lorenzo-Martínez, M. Acute Effects of foam rolling vs. vibration foam rolling on blood flow parameters in professional soccer players: a randomized crossover design. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—The study aimed to compare the effects of foam roller (FR) and vibration foam roller (VFR) on blood flow parameters, measured by Doppler ultrasonography in professional soccer players. A randomized crossover design was used, and 10 professional soccer players participated in 3 experimental sessions: FR, VFR, and a control condition (CC). The maximum velocity (MVel) and maximum volume (MVol) blood flow parameters were measured in the common femoral artery of the dominant leg at 5 different time points as follows: before (pre), immediately after (post 0′), 10 (post 10′), 20 (post 20′), and 30 minutes (post 30′) after the intervention. Both FR and VFR involved two 45-second sets with 15-second rest between sets in the quadriceps and hamstring, while CC required sitting for 240 seconds. The FR condition showed a significant increase in MVel (p < 0.01) at all time points after the intervention, and an increase in MVol (p < 0.05) only at post 0′ compared with pre. The VFR condition showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in MVel at post 0′ and post 10′ and an increase (p < 0.05) in MVol at post 0′ compared with pre. In comparison with CC, the FR and VFR conditions presented significantly (p < 0.05) higher MVel values at post 0′, post 10′, post 20′, and post 30′ than CC. For both FR and VFR conditions, the MVol not only revealed a significant (p < 0.05) increase at post 0′ but also at post 10′ for VFR compared with CC. In summary, the FR and VFR interventions demonstrated a similar increase in blood flow parameters, suggesting that both strategies may accelerate physiological recovery in elite soccer players.
Influence of Grip Width on the Load-Velocity Relationship and 1 Repetition Maximum Value in the Bench Press Exercise: A Comparative and Reliability Analysis of Mean Velocity Vs. Mean Propulsive Velocity Vs. Peak Velocity
Authors: Herrera-Bermudo José Carlos , Puente-Alcaraz Carlos , Díaz-Sánchez Pablo , González-Badillo Juan José , Rodríguez-Rosell David
Published: August 2024

Herrera-Bermudo, JC, Puente-Alcaraz, C, Díaz-Sánchez, P, González-Badillo, JJ, and Rodríguez-Rosell, D. Influence of grip width on the load-velocity relationship and 1 repetition maximum value in the bench press exercise: a comparative and reliability analysis of mean velocity vs. mean propulsive velocity vs. peak velocity. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—This study aimed to analyze the reliability and compare the load (percentage of 1 repetition maximum [%1RM])-velocity relationship, bar displacement (DIS), the 1RM, and the velocity attained against the 1RM value (V1RM) in the bench press exercise using 3 different bar grip widths: narrow (120% of the biacromial distance [BD]), medium (160%), and wide (200%). A group of 54 healthy, physically active men randomly performed a total of 6 incremental tests (1 week apart) up to 1RM (2 with each bar grip width) on a Smith machine. The mean velocity (MV), mean propulsive velocity (MPV), peak velocity, and DIS were recorded for the subsequent analysis. The 3 velocity variables showed high relative (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.90–0.97) and absolute (coefficient of variation: 2.21–9.38%) reliability in all grip widths against all relative loads. The 1RM value and the V1RM present high absolute and relative reliability in all grip widths. There are no significant differences in the value of 1RM and V1RM between grip widths. High relationships were observed between the relative load (%1RM) and velocity variables, with MPV showing the best fit. Significant greater values in MPV, MV, and DIS associated with each %1RM were observed for narrow and medium compared with wide grip width. In conclusion, our results suggest that the 3 velocity variables were highly reliable at the different grip widths used against all relative loads. In addition, there was a tendency to reach higher MV, MPV, and DIS values as the grip width decreased. Therefore, this factor should be considered for the assessment and design of training.
The Effect of Waistbands on Intra-Abdominal Pressure and Respiratory Mechanics During Bodyweight Exercise
Authors: Leahy Michael G. , Kipp Shalaya , Sheel A. William
Published: August 2024

Leahy, MG, Kipp, S, and Sheel, AW. The effect of waistbands on intra-abdominal pressure and respiratory mechanics during bodyweight exercise. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—Athletic apparel is often designed with high-waisted, elastic bands around the abdomen to provide comfort and support during functional exercises. The abdominal musculature aids in both active respiration and trunk stability during the exercise, but whether high-waistband athletic garments affect pulmonary function and respiratory mechanics is unknown. Ten healthy women participated in a single-visit study. Subjects were fitted with esophageal and gastric balloon-tipped catheters and completed three bouts of isometric and dynamic bodyweight squats, lunges, and planks, during which ventilation and pulmonary pressures were continuously recorded. Resting pulmonary function was unchanged by high-waistband garments. During isometric squatting exercise, peak abdominal pressure was significantly greater while wearing high-waistband garments (17 ± 6 cmH2O), relative to low-waistband garments (15 ± 6 cmH2O, p = 0.032). The work of breathing was reduced when completing dynamic squat exercise in a high-waistband garment (16.2 ± 3.9 J·min−1), relative to a low-waistband garment (18.6 ± 5.7 J·min−1, p = 0.026). High waistbands had no effect on abdominal pressures or pulmonary mechanics during lunge or plank exercises. We believe our findings indicate that high-waistband garments have the capacity to alter abdominal and ventilatory mechanics during bodyweight squatting exercises but are unlikely to have an effect during other exercise movements.
Diagnóstico e análise dos problemas da escrita acadêmica de estudantes de pedagogia
Authors: Floriana Damiani Magda , Vaz Peres Alves Clarice , Maria Bragagnolo Frison Lourdes , Flor Machado Rejane
Published: August 2024

O artigo apresenta diagnóstico dos problemas de escrita acadêmica em turma de Pedagogia. Respostas curtas a uma pergunta sobre determinado tópico teórico, estudado em uma disciplina, foram submetidas a análises de conteúdo e linguística, revelando que a maioria não a respondeu adequadamente. Os principais problemas linguísticos encontrados foram: pontuação, ausência de paralelismo nas construções frasais e impropriedade vocabular. A apreciação detalhada de duas respostas, escolhidas ao acaso, visando a examinar a lógica de produção da escrita, sugere que as estudantes não refletiram sobre o que escreveram, tanto no que se refere à organização semântica quanto à organização linguística. Elas pareciam não ter claro que escrever é um processo de resolução de problemas, fato que pode ter contribuído para a produção de textos sem a qualidade esperada para futuras profissionais que serão responsáveis pelo ensino da escrita e seu aperfeiçoamento em crianças e adultos.
Concepções de linguagem e o ensino da leitura em língua materna
Authors: Francine Fuza Ângela , Cristina Greco Ohuschi Márcia , José Menegassi Renilson
Published: August 2024

A linguagem é concebida de maneira diferente a cada momento social e histórico, o que ratifica seu caráter dinâmico no meio social. Sendo assim, ao considerar os paradigmas existentes em cada momento ideológico, é possível demarcá-los como: Subjetivismo Idealista, Objetivismo Abstrato e a concepção dialógica de linguagem defendida pelo Círculo de Bakhtin. Desse modo, este artigo apresenta uma reflexão teórica, destacando os postulados a respeito das concepções de linguagem, demonstrando as concepções de leitura a elas atreladas, juntamente com atividades de livros didáticos que envolvem o trabalho com o ensino da língua materna. Essa reflexão, fruto de discussões do grupo de pesquisa Interação e Escrita (UEM-CNPq – www.escrita.uem.br), evidencia que os paradigmas coexistem no contexto de estudos da linguagem e se inter-relacionam.