bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Administrative and Legal Status of Law Enforcement Agencies as Subjects of Interaction with Financial Institutions in the Sphere of Combating the Legalization of Criminal Proceeds
Authors: Steblianko A. V.
Published: April 2020

The author has studied administrative and legal status of law enforcement agencies, which are the subjects of interaction with financial institutions in the field of combating the legalization of criminal proceeds. The contents of such categories as status, legal status, administrative and legal status have been clarified. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature, the author has determined that the rights and responsibilities are integral structural elements of the administrative and legal status. It has been noted that two main approaches to determining the structural elements of the administrative and legal status of law enforcement agencies were formed in administrative law science.

The author has provided the list of law enforcement agencies that are empowered to counter the legalization of criminal proceeds and are subjects of interaction with financial institutions. Such agencies are the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, the agencies of the Security Service, the National Police and Prosecutor’s Office, the State Bureau of Investigation, the tax police units of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine. The necessity to distinguish only such elements of the administrative and legal status of law enforcement agencies as the purpose, tasks, functions, competence, powers, legal responsibility, as well as organizational structure has been proved.

The purpose of the activity of law enforcement agencies in this field has been formulated. Only those tasks and functions of law enforcement agencies that contribute to the achievement of the stated purpose have been considered. It has been emphasized that the competence is the sphere of activity of a certain law enforcement agency, and the authority is the totality of the rights and duties of that agency, granted by the legislation to perform the assigned functions within the competence. It has been established that the employees of the designated law enforcement agencies have disciplinary, civil, administrative and criminal liability. It has been stated that structural units facilitate the implementation of the tasks and functions of a specific law enforcement agency. The author has provided the definition of the administrative and legal status of the subjects that cooperate in the sphere of combating the legalization of criminal proceeds. The place and role of the indicated subjects in the sphere of combating the legalization of criminal proceeds have been determined.
Characteristics of Offender’s Personality who Committs False Suggestion of the Court or Other Authorized Agency
Authors: Kotlubaeva K. S.
Published: April 2020

Particular attention has been paid on the necessity and urgency of developing a methodology for investigating the false suggestion of the court or other authorized agency, where a compulsory element of the criminalistic characteristic is the offender’s personality.

It has been offered to divide the basic data about a person who commits false suggestion of the court or other authorized agency into the following groups: 1) biological: age, sex, anatomical and physiological qualities; 2) social: education, employment, marital status, criminal experience, communication with the person who committed the casual crime, motive.

It has been noted that a large part of the studied crimes are committed with the purpose of concealing the crimes already committed, including with the aim of rebutment of the criminal’s guilt, that is, the majority of these crimes are derivative (casual) crimes from the main crime, where a certain subject is false suggested.

It has been noted that most of the persons who commit the false suggestion of the court or other authorized agency have social relations with the person who committed the casual crime.

Studying the materials of investigative and court practice indicates that family relationships are typical for these crimes. Besides, relations to such criminal offenses are characterized by the existence of friendly or conversely hostile relationships.

The author has noted the existence of correlated relations between the person who commits the false suggestion of the court or other authorized agency with the motives for committing the crime.

It has been established that researched crimes are most often committed for the following motives: 1) pity or desire to cover up the offender with whom the person has friendly or family relationship; 2) revenge, negative relationships, the desire to aggravate the situation of the offender; 3) benefits; 4) shame.
Statistical Comparison of piracy and armed robbery with emphasis on the South China Sea - Malacca Strait and the Persian Gulf - Strait of Hormuz
Authors: Zohourian Mohammad Ali
Published: April 2020

International trading flows have always been the subject of geopolitical risks and conflicts. Different stages of the supply chain, trade always face inherent challenges caused by geopolitical realities along given routes. In this study, the data concerning piracy and armed robberies of ships reported to the Global Integrated Shipping Information System were considered. The statistics include the information on the incidents during the period between 1998 and 2018 on different types of ships, in two most strategic areas, namely the South China Sea (SCS) and the Strait of Malacca (area 1) and the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf (area 2). According to the GISIS reports, most of the incidents occurred in the South China Sea and the Strait of Malacca are respectively 1684 and 610. Because of the importance of both the Strait of Hormuz and the Malacca Strait as the most vital waterway in the world, it is necessary to have a clear picture of the security situation in the two aforementioned Straits. This research allowed us: 1) to make a distinction between the security in two aforementioned areas; 2) to represent the source of the information for researchers.
Formalization of Methods in Criminalistics
Authors: Grynko L. P.
Published: April 2020

Scientific works on formalization of methods in criminalistics have been analyzed in the article. Despite the importance and relevance of these issues, it has been established that there is a number of unresolved issues in the theory of forensic science, as well as in investigative and judicial practice regarding the possibilities of formalizing methods and their implementation, which require separate independent research and in-depth reflection. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to clarify the methods used to detect and investigate crimes and the possibilities of their formalization in criminalistics.

Formalization methods in criminalistics have been considered. It has been found out that the most successful is their division into formalization of theoretical methods and formalization of practical methods. Methods of theoretical level have been researched. It has been emphasized that the use of mathematical methods contributes to the development of the most accurate practical recommendations, which allow to approach many issues of the theory and practice of forensic science from new positions.

The author has considered the modeling method and has argued that it creates the preconditions for the use of formalization, since acting as prototypes, plans, hypothetical constructions of all kinds, this process is presented to investigators as a complex of interrelated transformations in the form of description. The development and use of forensic material models in the management of an investigative situation allows investigators to use, by analogy, forensic algorithms and investigative programs. Thus, the formalization is carried out in the form of the transition of content into a sign system. It is designed to address the tasks faced by investigators and directly related to the investigative situation existing at the time of the investigation.

It has been found out that the formalization of forensic knowledge methods allows the use of such knowledge in the process of solving problems and making decisions by means of signs and symbols, which may increase the capacity of investigators to solve problems at all stages of crime investigation in different conditions of uncertainty.
The Novelties of the Law of Ukraine “On Limited Liability and Additional Liability Companies”
Authors: Lukashov R. S.
Published: April 2020

One of the most common types of legal entities are companies, in particular, Limited Liability Companies, that allow to combine material and other resources of several participants and at the same time reduce the risk of entrepreneurial activity for each of them.

The article deals with the issue of the novelties in the legal regulation of the creation and activity of limited liability companies after the Law of Ukraine "On Limited Liability and Additional Liability Companies" act came into force. The adoption of this legislative act provides necessitates the analysis at the doctrinal level of a number of its rules, which regulate the activity of LLC in a new way.

It is noted that for a long time the legal regulation of the activity of this type of companies remained limited and outdated, which led to the emergence of corporate conflicts. It is concluded that the process of streamlining corporate legislation is steadily ongoing, and the contradictions in the legislative regulation of corporate relations are gradually being eliminated.

Regarding the novelties of regulation of the activity of limited liability companies, the author emphasizes the following positive aspects of the Law of Ukraine “On Limited Liability and Additional Liability Companies”: the number of participants in the LLC was lifted; the concept of "corporate agreement" is fixed; the only reason for the establishment of the LLC is the decision of its founders; minimize the list of information that must be displayed in the charter of LLC; included in the Law of the provisions of Chapter V “Substantial and Interest-Related party transactions”; a special chapter was introduced, which regulates the issues of creation and termination of the LLC (Chapter VI “Separation and Termination of the Company”); provides for the appearance of a local act on the regulation of corporate relations in the LLC - the agreement on the termination of the company; the procedure for setting up one or more new partnerships by transferring to it (them) a part of the assets, liabilities and liabilities of an existing limited liability company is regulated in detail.
Public Space and Social Polarization. A case study of the New Wave Turkish Migrants with a comparative analysis of Berlin, İstanbul & Ankara
Authors: Kulkul Ceren
Published: April 2020

Public space is by no means a place for complete unity or harmony. It is always open to contradiction and struggle. It is a space in which dwellers of the city find various ways to cope with living with one another. This could be in the form of negotiation, or confrontation. Or, it could be where they avoid others, where they maintain distance. Yet, there is always the expectation of all parties, to have one’s own place in that struggle. Turkey has experienced increased social polarization in recent years, and this is reflected in its public spaces. With the ‘us’ versus ‘them’ mentality in politics being also found in everyday urban life, the gap between different lifestyles has greatened, hostility among people has intensified and urban space became a battlefield rather than a ground for commons. Hate and intolerance began to define what is public. In the meantime, a great number of high-skilled, young individuals, particularly from İstanbul and Ankara, began to leave the country to carve out a better future; and, one of the popular destinations was Berlin, Germany. This paper addresses this group of young migrants to make a comparative analysis on the definitions of public space and to rethink the social production of urban space. With thirty interviews and two focus groups, it aims to consider the reflections of social polarization on public space.
Double P! Public Spaces in Dubai: a Paranoiac Panopticon
Authors: Chidiac Therese
Published: April 2020

Despite the crisis of the metaphoric growth of its superficiality to its deadening sterility, Dubai stands as an attractive destination in the desert simulating a collage of cultural images from around the world with a centrally-planned free market capitalism attracting investors and developers. This paper is part of my master in architecture thesis at Politecnico di Milano titled: 5km/hr Manifesto and it outlines the problematical aspect of Dubai DNA: Dubai public spaces. The city is metaphorically analysed, as a collage city of exogenous fragments and a system city resembling a biological cell with defects in it’s the so-called public spaces that are designed as a model of a virtual panopticon of social surveillance forged by a set of do’s and don’ts. Built up rapidly over the past few years on the wealth gotten from oil, public spaces in Dubai have no depth of history or indigenous culture, no complexity, no conflicts, no doubts, nothing to stand in the way of its being shaped into the ultimate wonderland. The Arab notion of public has been dramatically ignored in the planning of the city and has been replaced with a collage of regulated western modernist spaces that have failed to create pockets of interaction and communication bringing in mind a problematical situation and an utopic question: How to demystify the panopticon effect and make Dubai more liveable? This leads to the recall of the qualities of the endogenous Arabic Public Space: The Souk. A set of characteristics has been concluded and if integrated, might really change Dubai public spaces from a paranoic panopticon to a more liveable space. Enclosure and privacy, human scale and density, the stage and back stage effect were essential conditions in the souk and are elaborated in this paper presenting a set of new design guidelines for claiming back what is supposed to be public and might develop into further future research.
Bridges Over the Nile. Transportation Corridors Transformed into Public Spaces
Authors: Gohar Amir , Kondolf G. Mathias
Published: April 2020

Cairo is a congested city with high rate of urbanization and very limited public space. Cairo has one of the lowest rates of parkland per capita of any major city. Moreover, the banks of the Nile, formerly alive with activities such as washing, fishing, and felucca landings, were by the end of the twentieth century largely cutoff from free public access by a wall of busy roads, private clubs, luxury hotels, restaurants, nurseries, and police/military stations, roads. The need for open space for people from lower income who could not afford the expensive options along the Nile banks, has resulted in use of the sidewalks of the main bridges as public spaces. Families, couples, and friends tolerate the noise and fumes of traffic to enjoy the expansive views and breezes over the Nile. As a result of this extraordinary re-purposing of the bridges, new small businesses have formed to cater to the uses, and a new interaction with the river has emerged. We studied the patterns of use, characteristics of the user population, and stated preferences of users. We identify a set of characteristics contributing to the popularity of the bridges as public space, including affordability, accessibility, openness to the river and visual connection with the other bank. We propose that these characteristics be taken into account when developing future projects along the river water front to address the need for public space and access to the Nile.
The Sense of Place: Components and Walkability. Old and New Developments in Dubai, UAE
Authors: Marzbani Maryam , Awad Jihad , Rezaei Mahmud
Published: April 2020

This research attempts to address the question “which of the “physical”, “social” or “perceptual” aspects of a place has had a more significant impact on walkability?” The main goals were to identify, quantify, and compare the tangible (physical) and less tangible (perceptual, social) aspects of urban walkability as well as how they impact urban walkability in the new versus traditional developments in Dubai. The significance of this research lies in higher weight it places on the quantitative rather than merely the qualitative features of walkability, in order to provide more practical guidelines and measurements. This emphasis reflects a gap in the literature on walkability which is focused more on the latter than the former. Planners, public and city officials can use these findings in their decisions. The findings indicate that the sense of place in the historical fabric of Bastakiyah (old part of Dubai) is totally higher than the new development of Jumeirah Beach Residence (JBR). But it has more been the physical aspect, rather than less-tangible factors of the place, in both cases, that normally has improved the whole sense of the place felt by visitors, inhabitants and users. Yet, the behavioural and perceptual criteria need to be improved, in comparison with the mere physical attractions, in order to create a more balanced place for walkability in Dubai. In this study, the combinations of qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. Urban dimensions and their effects on walkability have been qualitatively identified and categorized through administering a survey questionnaire. These dimensions were then measured in Dubai. Lastly, the collected data have been statistically analyzed and described with the SPSS program.
Translation of Civic Pedagogical Tactics to Critically Produce Public Spaces in Amman
Authors: Yaghi Amro
Published: April 2020

This paper asks how can we re-think and critically produce alternative ‘public’ spaces through translating forms of civic pedagogical tactics in Amman? Our neoliberal contemporary cities and political agendas, with its Arabic versions, have produced socially, spatially polarised and de-politized spaces. In fact, what we inhabit today are spaces that are pseudo public. Those spaces prompt critiquing the role of the architects, practitioners and architecture educators to intervene, mediate and response collectively. Trying to form a resistance to this problem, the responding approach is informed by reviewing and critiquing how architectural pedagogies are performed in Jordan, focusing on evaluating their civic engagement and the political and neoliberal influence. The paper then moves to focus on key relevant pedagogical models with envisioning the action plan that are adopted and tailored to the specific cultural, political and social context of Amman. This paper framework will start reflections from some critical pedagogical theories to evaluate and critique the current architectural pedagogical approaches in Amman-Jordan contexts and analysing the various actants such as political policies, civic interventions and processes that affect architecture education. Furthermore, it generates some important lessons and reflections from practices, such as the interventions used by Romanian architects in the 1980s, Pseudo Public Space Studio-UK, live projects-UK, triggering and resisting the challenges on civic practices. The study will conclude by proposing methodological framework for translating civic pedagogical tactics that prompt to provoke and draw the public attention towards the right to the city and its space, while resisting the challenges that are facing the context of Amman- Jordan. The process of translation is adopted and tailored to Amman-Jordan context, rather than imported and colonised. These tactics opened up possibilities and generated a new and alternative form of publicness, as well as a resilient and resistant community.
reGREENeration of Historic Cairo. Hara al-Nabawiya and Bayt Madkour in al-Darb Al-Ahmar
Authors: Ramírez Natalia , El Habashi Alaa
Published: April 2020

In historical contexts like Cairo with rapid informal growth, the role of open spaces as Haras or courtyards are no longer seen as components of a very particular ecological system or centres of social encounters. The demand for housing and the relative cost-benefit has unleashed vast and illegal densification in height within neglected and dilapidated urban areas, where any available space represents an opportunity for investments and to accommodate the immediate needs.
The research explores the on-going disfiguration in the al-Darb al-Ahmar of Historic Cairo, and investigates the results along with the current international calls for the respect of the integrity of the environmental and socio-economic characteristics of tangible and intangible heritage in the World Heritage Site. The objective is to profit from the remaining courtyards of historic buildings and Haras spaces in Historic Cairo to propose urban strategies that would restore such historic attributes, reformulate an ecologically passive urban fabric and generate means for community development. This proactive approach is hopefully a necessary step for stopping the demolition, deterioration, and obsolescence of districts of high historical values.
Students’ Static Activities in relation to Campus Quad Design and Layout. Exploring Gender-based Differences
Authors: Rashid Mahbub , Obeidat Bushra
Published: April 2020

This study explores the relationships of campus quad design and layout with students’ static activities focusing on gender differences. Students’ static activities were observed at 8914 locations during 390 rounds of observation in six campus quads of a Middle Eastern university. The design and layout data of the quads were collected in the field, and using various techniques of “space syntax”. The relationships of static activities’ with the design and layout features of the quads were investigated using descriptive and correlational statistics. The results of the study indicate that different design and layout features had different relationships with different static activities; that students’ static activities had stronger relationships with natural design features than manmade design features; and that male students’ and female students’ static activities were affected differently by different design and layout features. The significance of these findings and the future directions of research are discussed.
Incorporating Practices of Publicness in Kuwaiti Parks. Chai Ithahha, Cricket, Diwaniya, and Malls
Authors: Alabdullah Weaam
Published: April 2020

This paper focuses on practices of publicness in Kuwait that do not necessarily fall under accepted discourses of public space, highlighting the importance of incorporating such practices within the existing literature as they affect landscape architecture. The practices include chai ithahha (women’s morning tea), diwaniya (predominantly men’s gathering), cricket games played by South Asian men, and mall outings. I suggest using these practices in the design of parks at a time of increasing privatization. While these practices enhance social connectivity in Kuwait and highlight political demands as in the case of the diwaniya and chai ithahha, I contend that these examples have limitations because they take place in exclusive settings, affecting access and appearance of certain publics based on class, gender, nationality, and location. The mall is a landscape and one can argue that malls can incorporate spaces for diwaniya and chai ithahha gatherings, and perhaps even cricket courts. Yet, there is something about the tactility of the landscape that is unsatisfied by the mall. The mall is meeting a certain need but is insufficient, as it remains an exclusive, private, and closed space. Parks stand as complex cultural spaces of representation and risk and they offer the best opportunity for an inclusive atmosphere. The practices highlight a potential for parks in dealing with privatization and segregation. Embracing and reinterpreting these practices in more inclusive parks may lead to the appearance and representation of more publics in spaces tailored to a place’s identity and people’s needs. This could mean introducing multiple programs in one space, like gathering spaces for a diwaniya and chai ithahha, and sports areas, within diverse urban settings, while also focusing on the micro-scale of design elements like seating. This paper concludes that public parks which embrace such practices begin to respond to the needs of society with all its complexity, becoming a terrain for fostering both community engagement and placemaking.
Sustaining the Liveliness of Public Spaces in El Houma through Placemaking
Authors: Khemri Mohamed Yazid , Melis Alessandro , Caputo Silvio
Published: April 2020

This paper takes Algiers as a case study, highlighting the social use of urban spaces in El Houma, in the Algerian capital, as a form of placemaking, a people-centred approach aimed at improving urban spaces within a neighbourhood. El Houma is a word for neighbourhood in North Africa synonymous with Hara and Mahalla in the Middle East. El Houma is not a typical neighbourhood that only houses people, it is a socio-spatial product formed by social relations between residents of the same neighbourhood. It is, therefore, a way of representing urban space though social practices, creating a strong sense of community, a sense of place and social interaction. Based on theories and mapping techniques from urban sociology and urban design, the research applies a methodology of activity mapping, in order to investigate patterns of outdoor social activities in public spaces and their correlation with the physical design of the neighbourhood. The research will measure the liveliness of public spaces exploring how people adapted their lifestyle to the built environment and vice versa. The findings demonstrate how the different social activities are spatially distributed, and their impact on the liveliness of el Houma.
Prospects of Placemaking Progression in Arab cities
Authors: Keleg Merham M.
Published: April 2020

Placemaking is a philosophical ideology that focuses on common and shared values among the different stakeholders aiming at providing better environment for the people. It is a hands-on tool that increases place attachment and yields places that reflect the local identities of the people and so transforms them into active players and local guardians. Several typologies of placemaking emerged overtime, but they are all people driven. On the contrary to public projects ideologies which are not certainly to be people driven at all times. In this regard, the research aims at investigating the different set ups in the Arab region in relation to placemaking philosophy. The study is discussing the two cases of Abu Dhabi and Cairo as two diverse contexts in the Arab region with different inputs and challenges. Despite the potentials revealed for the progression of placemaking in the two studied cities, the research argues that achieving the core philosophy of placemaking is still early in the Arab region. As it requires core and in-depth consideration of public realm production ideologies and its subsequent administrative set ups that would encourage inclusive and democratic process.
Placemaking Interventions in Palestine as Demonstration Effects on the Ground
Authors: El-Atrash Ahmad
Published: April 2020

The urban development and rapid urbanization that the West Bank, including occupied East Jerusalem and Gaza Strip have recently encountered have adversely affected the quality and availability of open spaces inside the Palestinian urban and rural areas. Public spaces are fundamental in the lives of any community striving to achieve a sustainable and inclusive environment and improve the quality of life of its inhabitants. In that respect, the prevailing planning practices fall short in terms of adequately addressing the provision of public spaces. Laws and regulations are designed to focus on limited physical properties of buildings (e.g. building design, elevation, heights, setbacks, parking, etc.,) with little or no attention to the residual space, inevitably, created between those blocks. Lands are chiefly privately owned, and considered of a very high value due to the artificial land scarcity phenomenon resulted from the geo-political classification of the West Bank Existing public spaces are not welcoming to the general public. Spaces are misplaced and scattered, they offer pre-defined activities and an inflexible environment. Many parts of the society feel alienated to such public spaces, created by a top-down process with minimal integration of their needs and aspirations.
The (No-)Public Space. Reviewing the Transformation of Al-Qaed Ibrahim's Urban Image
Authors: Hegazy Iman
Published: April 2020

Public spaces are defined as places that should be accessible to all inhabitants without restrictions. They are spaces not only for gathering, socializing and celebrating but also for initiating discussions, protesting and demonstrating. Thus, public spaces are intangible expressions of democracy—a topic that the paper tackles its viability within the context of Alexandria, case study Al-Qaed Ibrahim square. On the one hand, Al-Qaed Ibrahim square which is named after Al-Qaed Ibrahim mosque is a sacred element in the urban fabric; whereas on the other it represents a non-religious revolutionary symbol in the Alexandrian urban public sphere. This contradiction necessitates finding an approach to study the characteristic of this square/mosque within the Alexandrian context—that is to realize the impact of the socio-political events on the image of Al-Qaed Ibrahim square, and how it has transformed into a revolutionary urban symbol and yet into a no-public space. The research revolves around the hypothesis that the political events taking place in Egypt after January 25th, 2011, have directly affected the development of urban public spaces, especially in Alexandria. Therefore methodologically, the paper reviews the development of Al-Qaed Ibrahim square throughout the Egyptian socio-political changes, with a focus on the square’s urban and emotional contextual transformations. For this reason, the study adheres to two theories: the "city elements" by Kevin Lynch and "emotionalizing the urban" by Frank Eckardt. The aim is not only to study the mentioned public space but also to figure out the changes in people’s societal behaviour and emotion toward it. Through empowering public spaces, the paper calls the different Egyptian political and civic powers to recognize each other, regardless of their religious, ethnical or political affiliations. It is a step towards replacing the ongoing political conflicts, polarization, and suppression with societal reconciliation, coexistence, and democracy.
How People Reclaimed Public Spaces in Beirut during the 2019 Lebanese Uprising
Authors: Sinno Wael
Published: April 2020

Over the past years, popular uprisings across the Middle East continue to grow. Throughout these movements, public spaces have played a crucial role in allowing citizens to express their demands. Public spaces have brought people together, providing the space for citizens to assert their rights to freedom of speech and demanding basic rights.
Since 17 October 2019, Lebanon has been experiencing a similar civic movement. Expressions and manifestations of this movement have used underutilized public spaces across the country. For instance, in Beirut, the retrieve of public spaces has taken place on three levels:
- Multi-purpose public spaces: where the protestors are reshaping the wide formal streets of Beirut Central District to active and lively urban spaces.
- Open public spaces: such as Samir Kassir garden, which was once a meditative space, is now a vibrant social place.
- Public urban facilities: such as the abandoned Egg [1] and the deteriorated Grand Theatre are being brought to life by becoming respectively a community centre and an observatory.
To date, the act of placemaking and the reclamation of public spaces has been observed throughout the 2019 Lebanese Uprising. It has reconfigured public spaces into ones of unity, thereby reuniting citizens of all ages, religions, gender and walks of life. Some see the uprising as a genuine end to the 1975 Civil War – a war that gave birth to religious, political, and social boundaries – by organically bringing together the country as one, demonstrating under one flag, the Lebanese flag.

[1] The Egg, an unfinished cinema built in the 1960s, is a landmark urban facility that was closed to the public for a long time. The Egg is located in the heart of the city near the former Civil War green zone line. Designed by Architect Joseph Philippe Karam, work on this unfinished structure started in the 1960s, interrupted by the Lebanese Civil War during which the building was abandoned and suffered major structural damage.
Placemaking in Lebanese Cities Hosting Displaced Communities
Authors: Dabaj Joana , Conti Riccardo Luca
Published: April 2020

CatalyticAction is a design studio and charity that works to empower communities through strategic and innovative community-led spatial interventions. They developed their architectural approach in the Lebanese context of displacement where the built environment and wellbeing are being constantly negotiated. Focusing on context specific educational spaces, they have created valuable impacts on the locality, on education, local economy, equality and wellbeing. The projects have been benefiting the most vulnerable groups including children, elderly and persons with disabilities. With this process of thinking and doing architecture, refugee and host communities co-design together and shape their shared built environment at this specific time of displacement, but also work towards a sustainable longer-term use of the spaces.
Pedestrianization as a Strategy for Placemaking. The case of the Wakalat Street in Amman
Authors: Ashour Kamila , Al-Shamali Wael
Published: April 2020

Borrowing western strategies for organizing public spaces in Arab countries may have negative impacts. The Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) has public spaces interventions in different parts of the city. This paper discusses the development of the Wakalat Street as a public space, which is located in the Swiefieh District in Amman-Jordan. Tracing the newspapers and articles about the Wakalat Street shows that there is a debate with and against the transformation of the Wakalat Street from a street to a plaza. The actions and reactions of GAM regarding the development show also uncertainty and a pragmatic approach. Methods of research for data gathering and analysis are based on qualitative approach; literature, articles, interviews, and field observations. The paper discusses issues and conditions for making successful pedestrian places through review of literature, principles and theories, and then analyses the pedestrianization of the Wakalat Street on the local context. The Jordanian experience on pedestrianization in the case of the Wakalat Street will be discussed based on the transformation decisions in relation to theory and best practice in the field. The key findings present the importance of analyzing the expected impact of pedestrianization on the economic and social aspects. The pedestrianization of the Wakalat Street has bad impact on the character of the street as a place attracting international brands; it is no longer the street of Wakalat (brands).
Placemaking for Coexistence: Child and Community Friendly Space. HOUCH YGAMAANA Project, New Damietta, Egypt
Authors: Ben Othmane Hamrouni Insaf , Wanas Omar
Published: April 2020

HOUCH YGAMA’NA[1] is a participatory ‘design and build’ project piloted in 2014 that aims to create age and gender inclusive child-friendly spaces that foster children’s imagination and enhance their physical, cognitive, emotional and social development. This paper focuses on the narrative of the project implemented in the Central Public Park of New Damietta, Egypt. The project entailed applying a set of urban and design practices centred around a socially engaging mobile installation all aiming to bring the users of the park from the Egyptian community and newly settled Syrian community together to collaborate in reshaping and developing their outdoor environment with the overarching aim of Integrating the local Syrian population in their host society and linking them to one of the active local associations in the area :Terre Des Hommes . The project is a manifestation of the socio-spatial dimension to placemaking where the produced public space is ‘’both a product and producer of change’’(Gottdiener M., Hutchison R., 2011); as the created space is not only a collaborative effort by the local community, but also a tool within the overall process to achieve the project’s overarching goal.

[1] HOUCH YGAMA’NA : Figurative translates from Arabic as ‘ A schoolyard for all’
تنظيم الدولة للزكاة : الأسس الشرعية والأهمية الاقتصادية في الموازنة العامة
Authors: Bin Jadidiah Khitam
Published: April 2020

تتميز الزكاة بخصائص مثل الاستمرارية والدوام ووجوب الأداء، مما يؤهلها لتكون موردًا له تأثير إيجابي على ميزانيّة الدولة من جهة الموارد التي توفرها والنفقات التي يمكن أن تسهم في تغطيتها، ويكون لتولّ الدولة شأن جبايتها وتوزيعها عدّة آثار اقتصادية خاصة بالنسبة لميزانيّة الدولة. يهتمّ البحث بتنظيم الدّولة للزكاة وأسسها الشرعية، ويطرح إشكالية الجدوى الاقتصادية لهذا التنظيم بالنسبة للموازنة العامة اعتمادًا على المنهج التحليلي. بعد دراسة وتحليل الأدلة الشرعية الخاصة بتولّ الدولة تنظيم الزكاة، مع العناية بالرأي الراجح بشأن الأموال الظاهرة والأموال الباطنة والمسائل الفقهيّة المترتبة عنها، خلص البحث إلى اعتماد موازنة مندمجة للزكاة في الموازنة العامة للدولة إذا كان تطبيق تولّ الدولة تنظيم الزكاة في بدايته.لكن عندما تكون التجربة قد تمرست فمن الأجدى شرعيًّا واقتصاديًّا اعتماد موازنة مستقلة للزكاة. الكلمات المفتاحية: الزكاة، الدولة، الموازنة العامة.
دور البيئة الخارجية في تطوير الوقف في المجتمعات ماليزيا نموذجاً
Authors: Al-Salahat Sami
Published: April 2020

تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن دور البيئة الخارجية لقطاع الأوقاف في المجتمعات والدول، ودورها في تطوير ملف الأوقاف، لا سيما وأن الوقف ينمو ويزدهر ويتطور كنتيجة طردية للنمو الذي يحدث في البيئة الخارجية لأي مؤسسة عاملة في المجتمع والدولة، والمؤسسة الوقفية واحدة من هذه المؤسسات، ونقصد بالبيئة الخارجية مجموعة الظروف والعوامل التي تؤثر في بنية المؤسسة وتطورها. والحقيقة المجردة أن أي مؤسسة تعمل في بيئة اجتماعية أو اقتصادية سوف تتأثر وتؤثر، نتيجة طبيعية لحقيقة أن الاجتماع يولد الاحتكاك والتفاعل وقد ينتج عنه أيضاً التنازع والشقاق، ولا يمكن بحال من الأحوال أن تعمل المؤسسة الوقفية بمعزل عن البيئة المحيطة بها، فهي تمتص المدخلات منها، وتصدر لها المخرجات، وهكذا في عملية تفاعل مستمر. وأهمية استدامة المؤسسة الوقفية وتأثيرها المتواصل في المجتمع المحلي أو الدولة بصورة أوسع يقاس بقدرتها على التفاعل الناجح مع البيئة، وكيفية توظيف مفرداتها في خدمة أجندة المؤسسة الوقفية، واقتناص التشريعات والقوانين لصالحها، لا سيما إذا نجحت في تجاوز البيئة الخارجية الخاصة بها، ] كتعاملها مع المحاكم الشرعية ودائرة العقارات والأراضي والشؤون الإسلامية… وغيرها من أصحاب المصالح الخاصة بها أو تلك التي تتقاسم فيها المؤسسات المشتركة نفس مجال العمل[، إلى الوصول إلى البيئة الخارجية العامة لكل المؤسسات، وهذه البيئة هي من يقود التغيير في البيئة الاجتماعية والسياسية والقانونية والاقتصادية وغيرها في الدولة، وهذا هو التحدي الذي ترنو إليه أي مؤسسة وقفية. الكلمات المفتاحية: الوقف، البيئة الخارجية، ماليزيا.
معوقات التمويل بصيغة المضاربة وسبل معالجتها في المصارف الإسلامية في الجزائر
Authors: samir Djaouti
Published: April 2020

يسعى هذا البحث إلى دراسة المعوقات التي دفعت بالبنوك الإسلامية في الجزائر إلى تجنّب التمويل بصيغة المضاربة، مع اقتراح حلول لمعالجتها. تطرّق البحث إلى حقيقة المضاربة وصورها في المصارف الإسلامية ثمّ إلى أهمّ العوائق المتمثلة في التنظيمات الصادرة عن البنك المركزي والمتعلقة بالاحتياطات القانونية، ومعامل السيولة النقدية، كما تعرّض إلى قانون النقد والقرض والذي ينصّ على تسقيف ملكية البنوك للمنقولات والعقارات، وتحديد مساهمات البنوك في الشركات والمؤسسات، ليُبيّ بعد ذلك الازدواج الضريبي في القانون الجبائي من خلال الرسم على النشاط المهني والضريبة على أرباح الشركات، وأنّ عدم وجود نصوص خاصة بالمضاربة في القانون التجاري والقانون المدني هو فراغ قانوني يُشكّل حاجزاً في وجه البنوك الإسلامية في الجزائر أمام التمويل بهذه الصيغة، وأوضح البحث العوائق المتعلقة بطبيعة عقد المضاربة وهي عدم جواز الضمان، وإطلاق يد المضارب، وتحمل رب المال للخسارة دون المضارب، وفي الأخير حاولت الدراسة الاستفادة من بعض تجارب البنوك الإسلامية في معالجة بعض العقبات قد تساهم في إزالة تلك العوائق أو تقليلها في الجزائر. الكلمات المفتاحية: مضاربة، تمويل إسلامي، بنوك إسلامية، الجزائر.
واقع التمويل الإسلامي في اليابان: الصكوك نموذجًا
Authors: Al-Shatir Munir
Published: April 2020

يهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان واقع وفرص وتحديات التمويل الإسلامي في اليابان مع التركيز على تجربة الصكوك، فقد شهدت اليابان حركة بحث وتحري عن المالية الإسلامية أعقبها دخول محدود من قبل المؤسسات المالية اليابانية في قطاع التجزئة البنكي في كل من ماليزيا ودبي، وتمثل هذا الدخول بطرح منتجات مالية إسلامية كالمرابحة للآمر بالشراء والإجارة المنتهية بالتمليك وغيرها، كما تم إصدار صكوك خارج اليابان من قبل مؤسسات يابانية مالية عريقة، أعقب ذلك تعديلات قانونية لتسهيل إصدار الصكوك وجذب المستثمرين الراغبين بالتعامل وفق أحكام الشريعة الإسلامية داخل اليابان، إلا أن هذه الخطوات التشريعية الأخيرة لم تنجح في تطوير هذه التجربة فيما بعد، لذا فالبحث يسعى من خلال المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي إلى رصد الفرص والتحديات التي تواجه هذه التجربة ومعرفة أسباب عدم تطورها بالرغم من التعديلات القانونية التي حدثت لاستيعاب وإزالة العوائق أمام الدخول في هذا القطاع، وقد توصل البحث إلى عدة نتائج أهمها: وجود ضعف في مستلزمات نجاح التجربة داخل اليابان لعدم توافر متطلبات النجاح مثل قلّة عدد وضعف تأثير الجالية المسلمة، وضعف المعرفة الشرعية، وندرة الكفاءات في مجال التمويل الإسلامي هناك؛ كما أن عدم شمولية التعديلات لمنتجات وخدمات القطاع المالي الإسلامي كان له أثر مهم في عدم تطور التجربة، إضافة إلى ذلك صعوبة دخول الصكوك على خطّ المنافسة مع المنتجات التقليدية وخاصة السندات في الوقت الذي تنشط فيه كثير من الدول الإسلامية في التعامل بالسندات التقليدية مع اليابان دون إيلاء تجربة الصكوك اليابانية اهتمامًا كبيرًا، في حين يمكن تطوير التجربة خارج اليابان في الأمد القريب إن تم التسويق لها بشكل جيّد وحصل تعاون مشترك بين الدول الإسلامية واليابان في هذا الشأن؛ خصوصًا أن هناك اهتمامًا يابانيًا كبيرًا لتنويع مصادر تمويل مشاريعها واستثماراتها، إضافةً إلى رغبتها بتطوير علاقاتها الاقتصادية مع الدول الإسلامية. الكلمات المفتاحية: التمويل الإسلامي في اليابان، التشريعات المالية اليابانية، الصكوك، اليابان.
دليل المُحَكَّمين إلى جزاءات مخالفات العقود والتصرفات المدنية
Authors: ABU JAZAR MOHAMMED
Published: April 2020

جاء هذا البحث ليعالج مشكلة الإنزال الخاطئ لجزاءات المخالفات العقْدية، والتصرفات المدنية الأخرى في غير محلها الذي شرعت له، وذلك من خلال بيان المخالفات المدنية المستحقة للجزاء، ثم بيان الجزاء المناسب لكل فئة من فئات هذه المخالفات المدنية، وكذلك يهدف هذا البحث إلى إعانة العاملين في مجال التحكيم الشرعي وفض النزاعات المدنية عامة، والمالية والعقْدية خاصة على الارتقاء بقراراتهم وأحكامهم، والوصول بها إلى أعلى درجات الدقة والصواب. وقد جاء البحث في مبحثين، أولهما: لبيان ثلاثة أمور؛ الأول: التعريف بموضوعات الشق المدني من التشريع، والثاني: بيان المقصود بالمخالفة المدنية وحقيقتها، والثالث: بيان أنواع المخالفات المدنية. وأما المبحث الثاني فقد جاء ببيان أنواع الجزاءات المدنية، وأركانها، وشروطها ونطاق إعمال كل واحد منها. واستخدم الباحث في دراسته أولً المنهج الاستقرائي، ثم التحليلي والوصفي لما جمعه في مرحلة الاستقراء، وأخيرًا مقارنة الأدلة والأقوال للوقوف على الآراء الراجحة في المسائل المختلفة. وقد خلص البحث إلى أن الجزاءات المدنية سواء تلك المتعلقة بمخالفات العقود، أو سائر التصرفات المدنية، يمكن ردها إلى أربعة أنواع فقط وهي: الجزاء المباشر، والبطلان والفساد، ووقف التصرف، وأخيرًا الضمان أو التعويض، ولكل واحد منها مجال محدد كما هو مبين في ثنايا البحث. الكلمات المفتاحية: التحكيم الشرعي، المخالفات المدنية، الجزاءات المدنية.
Role of Digital Economy in Realization of Inclusive Growth
Authors: Ahmed Habib
Published: April 2020

March 30, 2020
Role of Digital Economy in Realization of Inclusive Growth
Habib Ahmed
12Issue
Since the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) digital technology has been playing an important role in economic growth leading to a continuous decline in the level of extreme poverty across the globe. while there are opportunities of using the digital revolution to promote inclusive growth, there are risks that technology could further escalate the worsening income distribution, and mitigating such risks will require establishing a sound digital infrastructure and providing digital education to all members of the society. The research adopts a descriptive approach to deal with the prospect of digital technology in promoting inclusive growth and to scrutinize the features of the digital economy, while it deploys a critical approach to discuss the notion of inclusive growth and the ways in which the digital economy may contribute to it. Through the inductive and deductive approaches, the research analyses briefly the Islamic perspectives on the digital economy, prior to concluding with the results such as the benefits of economic growth during the past century were mostly in favor of the higher income groups due to the way in which they were distributed among the factors of production and digital economy can potentially contribute to inclusive growth by breaking down some of the constraints in the traditional production process and by offering digital platforms for sharing economies and earning an income. The research proposes to carry out further inclusive innovations in the digital economy for proposing business models that may serve economically and socially excluded. Keywords; Inclusive Growth, Digital Economy, Fintech.
Recent Developments on Security and Privacy of V2V & V2I Communications: A Literature Review
Authors: Mitsakis Evangelos , Anapali Iliani Styliani
Published: April 2020

In the recent years Intelligent Transportation Systems and associated technologies have progressed significantly, including services based on wireless communications between vehicles (V2V) and infrastructure (V2I). In order to increase the trustworthiness of these communications, and convince drivers to adopt the new technologies, specific security and privacy requirements need to be addressed, using Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). To maintain VANET′s security and eliminate possible attacks, mechanisms are to be developed. In this paper, previous researches are reviewed aiming to provide information concerning matches between an attack and a solution in a VANET environment.
浅谈加强机械设备管理在工程施工管理中的重要性
Authors: 张 敏星 , 张 宏利
Published: April 2020

在现代化企业生产过程中，很多生产都是借助机械设备来完成作业和生产的，通过先进的机械设备，不仅能够有效的提高施工的效率，而且还能提高施工的质量，减少施工的时间。但是正是因为机械设备是如此重要，所以对于机械设备的管理就要更加重视，尤其是对于一些比较大型的机械设备，如果管理不科学的话极易出现安全隐患诱发安全事故，所以在实际的施工中，施工企业必须要依据工程的实际情况来制定科学合理的机械设备管理制度，并且指派专门的人员的定期对其进行维护和保养，一旦发现问题也要立即进行维护，通过科学的管理，来为工程的顺利开展奠定良好的保障。
建筑工程施工项目机械设备管理思考
Authors: 张 宏利 , 危 力
Published: April 2020

当前我国有着越来越多建筑项目，并且我国建设工程逐渐朝着机械化方向发展。机械设备应用可以有效支持工程建设，有助于提高施工效率和企业经济效益，并且通过合理应用机械设备能够节省施工工期。但是当前很多建筑工程施工中缺乏对机械设备合理管理，导致设备出现使用寿命短、价值发挥不充分等问题，为此，需要展开合理管控，提升机械设备应用价值。
建筑施工过程中机械设备使用风险管理研究
Authors: 危 力 , 张 敏星
Published: April 2020

我国建筑行业在持续的发展，因此，对于其自身的质量以及风险就要进行进一步的把控，要想对建设现场进行有效的把控，就要对各种机械设备的使用情况进行合理的把控，在大型机械设备进行使用的过程中会产生相应的风险，这些风险会产生一定的安全隐患。所以在施工的时候要加强对机械设备的有效管控，加强风险的有效预防，防止安全问题的产生。
浅谈房建工程屋面渗漏原因及预防措施
Authors: 徐 龙华 , 刘 兴定
Published: April 2020

随着铁路行业的快速发展，新建车站房屋建设也随之快速崛起，而车站房屋使用性质多为生产房屋，多用于存放信号、通信、电力等设备，从而屋面防水质量也越来越重要，但屋面渗漏问题也是建筑行业面临的一大难题。在衡量建筑工艺水平与质量的过程中，防渗漏处理是一个关键指标。由于周围环境、房屋结构等因素，屋顶渗漏现象较为突出，所以房建项目建设中的屋面防渗漏处理显得尤为重要，需要技术人员从工艺、材料、质量控制等方面入手，强化防水效果，降低渗漏危害与损失。
浅谈铁路软土路基处理技术
Authors: 刘 兴定 , 徐 龙华
Published: April 2020

铁路路基是保证铁路运行安全的基础，其也是铁路线路上设备支撑、轨道受力的主要结构，因此只有保证其建设质量才能确保整个铁路工程的建设质量。在对以往铁路工程建设经验分析、总结后可知，在进行铁路工程建设过程中如果没有做好质量控制工作会给铁路运行安全带来非常大的影响。在铁路工程建设过程中软土路基是比较常见的，如果没有进行有效的处理会直接导致沉降不均匀等问题，给铁路路基、整体结构留下安全隐患。因此在进行铁路工程施工过程中应采用有效的措施做好软土地基处理工作，保证铁路工程建设质量。
机械设计制造及其自动化中计算机技术的应用
Authors: 张 龙
Published: April 2020

在最近的几年时间里，在我国综合国力的不断增强的影响下，使得各个领域都得到了良好的发展。机械设计制造领域最为突出的特点就是复杂性和繁琐性，就以往陈旧模式的机械制造情况来说，工作持续时间长，质量差，工作量大的特点十分明显，但是将计算机技术引用到机械制造之中能够有效的提升机械制造的效率和准确性，从而能够为社会的稳定和谐发展创造良好的基础。这篇文章主要绕围绕机械设计制造以及其自动化中计算机技术的切实运用展开深入的分析研究，并针对性的对其未来发展趋势进行了探究，希望能够对机械设计制造行业的稳定发展有所帮助。
现代化机械设计制造工艺和精密加工技术
Authors: 张 卫龙
Published: April 2020

社会的快速发展推动了我国各个领域的发展壮大，从而推动了我国的现代化发展，在这种形势下也为我国机械制造行业的不断发展壮大创造了良好的基础，从而使得新型机械制造工艺以及精密加工技术应时而生，为我国综合国力的提升打下了坚实的基础。将机械设计制造工艺以及精密加工技术加以切实的运用，能够有效的提升我国机械设计制造行业的工作效率和整体水平，鉴于此，这篇文章主要围绕机械设计制造工艺与精密加工技术的实践运用展开全面的分析研究，希望能够对机械制造行业的稳步健康发展有所助益。