bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adapting Supplier Relationship Management Strategies to Evolving E-Commerce Trends
Authors: Grant Oliver
Published: July 2024

This qualitative study explores how businesses are adapting their Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) strategies to address the challenges and capitalize on the opportunities presented by evolving e-commerce trends. Through in-depth interviews with key industry stakeholders, the research investigates the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) into SRM practices. Findings reveal that these technologies enhance efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness within supply chains, enabling businesses to navigate complexities such as supply chain dynamics, fluctuating consumer demand, and regulatory compliance. The study identifies effective strategies employed by businesses, including enhancing communication channels with suppliers, diversifying supplier bases, and investing in technological advancements. These strategies enable businesses to mitigate risks, improve collaboration, and drive innovation, thereby maintaining competitive advantage in the digital marketplace. Collaborative practices such as joint product development, shared risk management, and co-investment in technology emerge as critical drivers of successful SRM. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of SRM in the context of e-commerce, offering insights into how businesses can optimize their supply chain operations amidst technological disruptions and market fluctuations. The findings underscore the importance of proactive adaptation and strategic alignment with suppliers to foster resilient and agile supply chains. As e-commerce continues to evolve, businesses must leverage these insights to refine their SRM strategies and sustain growth in an increasingly competitive environment.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis and Impact of Land Use Land Cover in Eco-Environmental Quality Based on Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI): A Case Study of Rupandehi District, Nepal
Authors: Parajuli Gaurav , Regmi Yogesh , Pokhrel Bimal , Acharya Tri Dev
Published: July 2024

The evaluation of Eco-Environmental Quality (EEQ) is important to maintain the quality of ecology and is crucial for the protection of the environment and promote sustainable development. In the past 30 years, Rupandehi district has gone into rapid urbanization and population growth due to the migration of people causing drastic changes in Land use. This study takes Rupandehi district as a study area and analyses the land use change dynamics and its impact on the ecological environment from 1993 to 2023. The study utilizes the cloud computing capability of Google Earth Engine (GEE) to extract multiple indices using Landsat remote sensing data. We also applied the Thresholding approach to various spectral indices to extract land use information in GEE. The Remote Sensing Ecological Indices (RSEI) was constructed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to monitor the ecological quality and the effect of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) change on the quality of ecology was analysed. The result shows that the overall ecological quality of the Rupandehi district is good ranging from 0.59 in 1993 to 0.67 in 2023 with a significant impact of land use change. The eco-environmental quality of the study area is deteriorating because of a sharp increase in built-up areas and deforestation as well as the loss of agricultural land. Meanwhile, the spatial and temporal distribution of land use change collides with the change in the ecological quality of the study area. This study provides an accurate and rapid assessment of ecological quality and monitors the impact of land use change on it providing a scientific basis for researchers, government, and others to preserve the ecology and promote sustainable and eco-friendly development.
Understanding USP Chapters 661 and 671: A Comprehensive Experiments, Review and Implementation Guide
Authors: JAKKAN KANNAN , Mopidevi Narasimha Naidu
Published: July 2024

Pharmaceutical packaging is very crucial in as much as it plays the role of enhancing the stability, efficacy as well as safety of the produced medicine through the material used in packaging. It is important to note that cGMP Chapters 661 and 671 are focused on explaining how one should assess the quality of container materials in the sphere of pharmaceuticals. These chapters encompass a number ofmatters among them being Plastic and glass containers and performance testing; they serve as a resource that aids in assuring all standards are met with profound proficiency. Following this, the performance of two core chapters of USP known as Chapter 661 on “Containers—Glass” and Chapter 671 on “Containers—Performance Testing” will be dealt with in a step-by-step manner in the following paper while providing a comprehensive review of both at the same time. Understanding and legal obedience to these rules, as stipulated in the above-mentioned chapter, are indispensable for almost all the parties involved in the production of the drugs, together with the policies and legislation on the same. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss the major aspects of the understanding, application, requirements and evaluation procedures depending on the USP Chapters 661 and 671 in the sphere of the pharmaceutical market.
Study of the Process of Concentration of Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid on the Basis of Karatau Phosphorites
Authors: Abilkasova Sandugash , Akhmetova Saule , Kalimoldina Laila , Suleimenova Mariya , Berkinbayeva Aknur , Kabulova Gulzhiyan
Published: July 2024

The article presents data on research of processes of obtaining concentrated phosphoric acid from Karatau phosphate rock. The research of purification of wet-process phosphoric acid by the method of liquid extraction with organic solvents is given. The influence of magnesium salts and sulfuric acid as impurities on the distribution factor of phosphoric acid is determined. It is shown that with increasing the initial concentration of phosphoric acid from 5.38 to 25.61% P2O5, the distribution factor at 25°C increases from 0.178 to 0.436 for n-butyl alcohol, from 0.06 to 0.183 for isoamyl alcohol, and from 0.120 to 0.320 for tributyl phosphate. Increasing the temperature from 25 to 60°C had little or no effect on the distribution factor. It was determined that the distribution factors of phosphoric acid depend on the initial concentration of phosphoric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid. It is shown that phosphoric acid is extracted better with n-butanol. Extraction of phosphoric acid with n-butanol on the principle of counterflow with subsequent azeotropic distillation of the solvent allows to obtain relatively pure and highly concentrated (56-63% of P2O5) phosphoric acid. The process of dehydration of phosphoric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid in the mixture was studied.
Urban Guidelines and Strategic Plan for a UNESCO World Heritage Candidate Site: The Historical Centre of Sharjah (UAE)
Authors: Trusiani Elio , D'Onofrio Rosalba
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the results of theoretical and applied research that employs methodological experimentation in a project for the protection and integrated transformation of the downtown area of the city of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates. The particular nature of this case relates to two factors: a) strategies and policies to protect and enhance the cultural heritage as a driver for tourism and the cultural development of the entire Emirate, from archaeological goods to the urban fabrics in historical centres (Sharjah and Korfakkhan), in contrast to the surrounding emirates; and b) the client’s request to define guidelines to manage the urban cultural heritage during a time of transition while awaiting the results of UNESCO candidacy. This unique fact denotes a sensitivity and long-term policies regarding the cultural heritage which view the recovery of the urban historical heritage, assuming the cultural component as the fourth dimension of sustainability. The methodological approach, the results of the research, and design are organized on the dual urban and building scale to understand the structure and elements of the historical centre. The actions and interventions are differentiated with respect to urban fabric, building, archaeological good, and landscape and translate the strategies of the guidelines into short-/mid-/long-term design actions.
Dependence of Pressure Characteristics of Pressurized Pulse Water Jet Chamber on Nozzle Diameter
Authors: Miao Sizhong , Zhang Yangkai
Published: July 2024

The nozzle is the key element of the water jet generator for energy conversion. In order to explore the influence of the nozzle diameter on the pressure characteristics of the supercharged pulsed water jet plenum chamber, a supercharged pulsed water jet pressure acquisition system was established, and the Equations of motion and theoretical pressurization ratio equations of the supercharged pulsed water jet generator were established. The pressurization chamber pressure acquisition experiments under different nozzle diameters were carried out. The research results indicate that there is a critical nozzle diameter. When the nozzle diameter is less than the critical diameter, the pressure in the boost chamber is equal to the product of the driving pressure and boost ratio. As the nozzle changes, there is no significant change in the peak pressure and frequency of the boost chamber; When the nozzle diameter is greater than the critical diameter, there is a non-linear relationship between the boost chamber pressure and the driving pressure. As the nozzle diameter gradually increases, the actual boost ratio gradually decreases, and the peak pressure of the boost chamber further decreases. The nozzle diameter can no longer provide a load for the establishment of fluid pressure in the boost chamber. The research results provide a research basis for further controlling the pressure characteristics of the boost pulse water jet.
Exploring the Impact of Supplier Relationship Management on E-Commerce Innovation Adoption
Authors: Grant Oliver
Published: July 2024

This qualitative research investigates the impact of Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) on e-commerce innovation adoption. Through semi-structured interviews and document analysis, the study explores how SRM practices influence organizational capabilities to innovate in the context of digital commerce. Key themes emerged, emphasizing the critical role of trust, communication, collaboration, strategic alignment, technology integration, organizational culture, leadership, and external factors in shaping e-commerce innovation. Trust was found to be foundational, fostering transparent communication and collaborative relationships that facilitate innovation. Effective communication channels and collaborative initiatives enabled organizations and suppliers to leverage combined expertise, driving the development of innovative e-commerce solutions. Strategic alignment ensured that both parties worked towards shared goals, supported by technology integration that enhanced operational efficiency and decision-making. Organizational culture and leadership were identified as crucial in creating environments conducive to continuous innovation. External factors such as market dynamics, regulatory requirements, and technological advancements influenced innovation strategies, highlighting the need for adaptive and responsive SRM practices. The findings underscore the interconnectedness of these factors within the SRM framework, offering insights into how organizations can enhance their innovation capabilities and competitiveness in the digital economy. By strategically managing SRM practices and integrating sustainable initiatives, organizations can navigate challenges, seize opportunities, and achieve sustained success in e-commerce innovation.
Implementing Ethical Procurement Standards: Experiences and Challenges in Different Sectors
Authors: Cooper Mason
Published: July 2024

Implementing ethical procurement standards is increasingly recognized as pivotal for organizations aiming to align their practices with principles of social responsibility and sustainability. This qualitative research explores the experiences, challenges, strategies, and impacts associated with ethical procurement across diverse sectors. Motivations for adopting ethical procurement include enhancing corporate reputation, meeting stakeholder expectations, and complying with regulatory frameworks. However, organizations face significant challenges such as balancing ethical considerations with cost-efficiency pressures, navigating complex regulatory landscapes, and ensuring transparency across global supply chains. Strategies for overcoming these challenges emphasize effective supplier relationship management, leveraging technological innovations for transparency, and investing in supplier capacity-building. The study reveals that ethical procurement practices contribute to organizational resilience by improving risk management, enhancing stakeholder engagement, and fostering innovation in procurement processes. Moreover, ethical procurement supports sustainable development goals by promoting environmental sustainability, supporting social equity through fair labor practices, and contributing to economic development. Future research directions include exploring the impact of emerging technologies on ethical procurement, promoting global collaboration for unified standards, and evaluating the long-term sustainability of ethical procurement initiatives.
Methylation of ESRα Promoters in Benign Breast Tumors Could Be a Signature for Progression into Breast Cancer in African American Women
Authors: Kanaan Yasmine
Published: July 2024

Methylation in the estrogen receptor alpha (ESRα) promoter is an epigenetic abnormality in breast cancer (BCa) and hypermethylation results in the loss of ER expression. We used pyrosequencing to investigate if there is a direct link between P0/P1 promoters of ESRα aberrant methylation and risk of progression of benign tumors to BCa. Results showed a significant elevated level of DNA methylation in ESRα P1 promoter (p = 0.0001) in fibroadenoma than ER-negative BCa tissues, and a 2-fold increased ESRα expression in fibrocystic, and fibroadenoma. In addition, the methylation level of HIN-1 and RASSF1A promoters were elevated in ER-positive when compared to ER-negative BCa (p-value <0.5). ANOVA Mixed Model revealed a significant interaction between RASSF1A with fibroadenoma and ER-positive BCa (p = 0.004). Tumors with unclassified molecular subtype (ER-positive, PR-negative, HER2-negative) had elevated levels of methylation (p = 0.046) in the P0 promoter compared with luminal B (ER-positive, PR-positive, HER2-positive) tumors. Tumors with grade 3 showed a borderline association with ESRα P1 promoter methylation when compared with grade 2 tumors (p = 0.056). These results showed a highly methylated ESRα P0 promoter in the initial stages of breast carcinogenesis while the methylation in the P1 promoter occurs at later stages of BCa with poor prognosis. Therefore, methylation of ESRα promoter and tumor-related genes could serve as potential biomarker for prediction of fibroadenoma that are at elevated risk of progressing to BCa.
Evaluating EEG-Based Parameters for Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis Using a Synthetic Dataset
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: July 2024

This study explores the efficacy of using EEG-based parameters to diagnose bipolar disorder. A synthetic dataset was generated, including both correctly diagnosed and misdiagnosed cases, simulating realistic clinical conditions. EEG features such as theta-alpha mean, beta band mean, and coherence measures were used to train a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model. The model achieved a validation accuracy of 92%, demonstrating strong potential for EEG-based diagnostics. However, challenges such as standardization of electrode configurations and addressing equipment differences are crucial for broader applicability and validity of the findings in diverse clinical settings.
Building Sustainable Supplier Relationships in E-commerce: A Qualitative Study on Best Practices and Strategies
Authors: Grant Oliver
Published: July 2024

This qualitative study explores the intricacies of building sustainable supplier relationships in the e-commerce sector, focusing on best practices and strategic approaches. Through in-depth interviews with procurement managers, supply chain experts, and supplier representatives, the research identifies four critical themes: trust, technology integration, ethical practices, and performance measurement. Trust is found to be the foundation of effective supplier relationships, fostering open communication and collaboration, which are essential for addressing challenges and co-creating solutions. The integration of digital technologies such as supply chain management software, blockchain, and the Internet of Things significantly enhances transparency, decision-making, and operational efficiency, providing a competitive edge. Ethical practices, including adherence to fair labor standards and environmental sustainability, are increasingly crucial as consumer and regulatory expectations evolve, necessitating alignment between e-commerce companies and their suppliers. Performance measurement and continuous improvement are vital for maintaining quality and efficiency, with clear metrics and regular evaluations driving constructive feedback and optimization of supply chain processes. The study underscores the interdependence of these elements in fostering resilient and adaptable supplier relationships. The findings offer practical guidance for e-commerce businesses and suppliers, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to supplier management that balances trust, technology, ethics, and performance. This approach not only enhances operational effectiveness but also ensures the long-term sustainability of supplier relationships in the dynamic e-commerce landscape. The research contributes to the theoretical understanding of supplier relationship management, providing a comprehensive framework for future studies and practical applications in the e-commerce industry.
Exploring Collaborative Supplier Relationships in E-Commerce: A Qualitative Study on Partnership Dynamics
Authors: Grant Oliver
Published: July 2024

This qualitative study explores collaborative supplier relationships within the context of e-commerce, aiming to uncover the dynamics, challenges, strategies, impacts, and future trends shaping these partnerships. Through thematic analysis of interviews with e-commerce platform managers, supplier representatives, and industry experts, the study identifies three primary types of relationships: transactional, relational, and strategic. Critical factors influencing these relationships include trust, effective communication, technological integration, and regulatory compliance. Challenges such as information asymmetry, cultural differences, logistical complexities, and competitive pressures are examined, alongside strategies for enhancing collaboration, including clear communication protocols, performance evaluations, and technological advancements. The findings highlight the significant impact of collaborative supplier relationships on business performance, including cost efficiencies, supply chain resilience, innovation capacity, customer satisfaction, and market competitiveness. Looking forward, trends in digital transformation, sustainability initiatives, global supply chain networks, resilience-building strategies, and industry collaboration are discussed as shaping the future landscape of e-commerce partnerships. Embracing these trends presents opportunities for organizations to innovate, adapt, and sustain growth in the competitive digital marketplace.
NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES – SOCIAL AND MEDICAL THREAT FOR THE STATE ASSOCIATED WITH THEM
Authors: Chubenko Alexander , Hren Larysa , Chorna Olga
Published: July 2024

The article proves that new psychoactive substances represent social and medical threats to the state; the role of state management mechanisms in preserving and strengthening the health of the population is considered; it was expressed about the inconsistency of the state of preventive and social work with the level of the threat of drug addiction in the state; groups of new psychoactive substances and the relevance of their study are considered, which is caused by a sharp increase in withdrawals, severe intoxications (including fatal consequences). The social consequences of the spread of new psychoactive substances are revealed. Emphasis was placed on the fact that the state should pay more attention to ensuring the material base of toxicological laboratories in the country.
CULTURE SHOCK IN MEDIA DISCOURSE: PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Wang Dezhong
Published: July 2024

The article examines the philosophical opinion of Confucius about benevolence as the core of culture and the justification of the idea of its achievement; it is found that the followers of Confucius studied and improved his teachings, enriching the concept of benevolence and shaping the cultural spirit of the Chinese people. The role of Confucianism in the formation of its unique national character is proven. Challenges to the traditional Chinese concept of kinship from the culture of numbers are considered, which affects political life, education, and everyday life. Thanks to the analysis of the discourse of the media space, the influence of digital media on culture as a whole, as well as the inevitability of culture shock between traditional culture and the culture of the digital, is substantiated.
A Review of Multidimensional Studies on The Influencing Factors of Smartphone Dependence among University Students
Authors: Gao Lifen
Published: July 2024

This study explores the influencing factors of smartphone dependence from four aspects: Individual factors, personal traits factors, psychological factors, and external environmental factors. It is found that: (1) In the study of individual factors, demographics is one of the research focuses. Gender and age are important demographic factors that affect smartphone dependence; (2) Personality traits are another major focus, and different personality dimensions can have different effects on smartphone dependence; (3)In terms of psychological factors, loneliness, anxiety and depression can positively predict individual smartphone dependence; (4) Family and university environment are considered two of the important external factors. It is concluded that more influencing factors of smartphone dependence within a larger social environment framework should be explored in the future research.
KARAKTERISTIK SISTEM PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA KAPASITAS 100 WP
Authors: Madona Maisyara , Effendi Asnal , Dasman Dasman , Alfith Alfith , Al Al
Published: July 2024

Krisis energi merupakan masalah besar di Indonesia, khususnya masalah energi listrik. Energi listrik merupakan energi yang penting bagi umat manusia di seluruh dunia. Hal ini dapat kita lihat dari aktivitas masyarakat yang tidak lepas dari penggunaan listrik, seperti penggunaan perangkat dan teknologi yang saat ini digunakan semuanya menggunakan listrik. Fenomena ini membuktikan bahwa listrik sangat penting dan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari aktivitas masyarakat. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode perancangan/prototype dengan membuat peralatan dan melakukan serangkaian pengujian serta pengumpulan data. Berdasarkan data yang diambil pada cuaca cerah dan mendung, panel surya mampu menghasilkan tegangan tertinggi sebesar 17,9 yang terjadi antara pukul 12.30 hingga 16.30. sedangkan tegangan terendah yang dihasilkan panel surya adalah sekitar 12,6  Volt untuk suhu tertinggi 34ºC untuk arus tertinggi 4,4 A dan intensitas cahaya tertinggi 64422 lux.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PERAJANG UBI KAYU DENGAN TRANSMISI PULI DAN SABUK PADA PUTARAN MOTOR LISTRIK 1400 RPM DAN DAYA MOTOR 0,5 HP
Authors: Anwar Irwan , Afdal Afdal , Wardianto Dedi
Published: July 2024

Ubi kayu merupakan salah satu komoditi pangan yang berkembang saat ini, para pelaku home industry pun berlomba untuk menghasilkan makanan berbahan dasar ubi yang beragam. Dalam proses pengelolaan nya masyarakat masih banyak menggunakan cara tradisional. Proses kerja dengan cara tradisional kurang memberikan hasil yang memuaskan karena produktifitasnya rendah,  oleh karena itu penulis mencoba mengembangkan suatu alat perajang ubi yang mampu menghasilkan produktifitas yang efektif dan efisien. Alat perajang ubi kayu dengan transmisi puli dan sabuk pada putaran motor listrik 1400 rpm dan daya motor 0,5 hp, mampu menghasil kan kapasitas pemotongan hingga 66 kg/jam. Alat perajang ubi ini mempunyai 2 mata pisau yang di baut pada piringan rumah mata pisau, dengan kecepatan sudut piringan 73 rad/s dan gaya yang di hasil kan oleh piringan sebesar 24,56 N. Putaran puli penggerak sebesar 700 rpm dengan perbandingan reduksi 2. Bahan puli yang di gunakan adalah FC30 dan tipe sabuk yang di gunakan adalah Tipe sabuk A, dengan diameter poros penggerak 12 mm dan poros yang di gerak kan 15 mm. Bearing yang di gunakan adalah bearing 6202. Alat perajang ubi ini mempunyai landasan potong dengan sisitem pegas tekan, yang dapat meminimalisir tingkat kecelakaan kerja.
Criticality and Collective Granular Dynamics Control the Emergence of Wind Ripples
Authors: Lester Conner , Murray A , Vinent Orencio Duran , Andreotti Bruno , Claudin Philippe
Published: July 2024

Periodic sediment patterns have been observed on Earth, in rivers and in sand and snow deserts, but also on other planetary environments. On Mars, the observation by rovers of wind or `impact' ripples of the same size as their terrestrial counterpart, while the atmosphere is 80 times lighter, has reopened the controversy about their formation mechanism. Here we show in a numerical simulation that the emergent wavelength of impact ripples is controlled by the mechanics of grain-bed impacts and not by the flying sediment transport above the bed: the distribution of grain trajectories in transport is found to be essentially scale-free, invoking the proximity of a critical point and precluding a transport-related length scale that selects ripple wavelengths. In contrast, when a flying grain strikes the bed, the process leading to grain ejections introduces a previously overlooked collective granular length scale that determines the scale of the ripples. We propose a theoretical model that predicts a relatively constant ripple size for most planetary conditions. Additionally, our model predicts that for high density atmospheres, like on Venus, or for sufficiently large sand grains on Earth, impact ripples propagate upwind. This novel prediction motivates wind tunnel and field experiments to test for the existence of such ‘antiripples’. Our new quantitative model provides fundamental insights about the processes involved in wind-blown (aeolian) sediment transport and may be used to deduce geological and environmental conditions on other planets from the sizes and propagation speeds of impact ripples.
Synergistic effects of early psychosocial factors and polygenic risk for smoking: a cross sectional analysis of a sample of older adults in the US
Authors: Dyer Walter G. , Lee Sung-Ha , Wilding Hannah , Sutara Brianna , Lee Harold
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE
Examine early psychosocial factors (EPFs) as effect modifiers of genetic influence on smoking.
METHODS
Data are from the Health and Retirement Study. We assessed the odds ratio for Polygenic score for smoking, select EPFs, and their interaction terms in relation to ever smoking, adjusting for sex and the 5 principal components.
RESULTS
Among the EPFs examined, parental warmth and genetic risk for smoking showed significant additive interactions to influence smoking behavior (RERI = 0.42 [0, 0.85], p = 0.03), resulting in 75% higher odds of smoking compared to individuals without these exposures.
CONCLUSIONS
Low parental warmth exacerbated genetic predisposition to smoking.
Factors Influencing Post-Mastectomy Reconstruction Decisions: Understanding Their Significance
Authors: Soomro Rufina , Rizwan Sabiha , Fatima Nikhat , Rafiq Umaima
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Women undergoing mastectomy have two main choices: either wearing a prosthesis or reconstructive surgery. Despite its importance in physical and psychological recovery, patients and caregivers are still unaware of the various reconstruction options. This study explores factors influencing breast reconstruction decisions after mastectomy. Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 350 patients were recruited through purposive sampling from an outpatient breast clinic who underwent mastectomy at least a year ago in Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan. A questionnaire designed (both in English and Urdu) was distributed among the participants between Jan– April 2022. Written and verbal consent was obtained from all the participants. Results: Responses were analyzed from 350 patients who underwent mastectomy for breast malignancy at least a year before. Over half the participants were above 55 years and most were housewives. While 55.7% used prostheses, 41.4% didn't despite knowing about them, and 2.9% were unaware they existed. Only 48.2% of patients knew about reconstruction, and of those, 23% had no desire for it. Financial constraints (7.1%) and family issues (0.6%) were rarely cited as reasons for not wanting reconstruction. Surgeons (47.7%) and social media (43.1%) were the primary sources of information. The inclination towards breast reconstruction surgery was to gain confidence (305 [87%] women), enhance romantic relationships fulfill their spouses' desires (14 [4%]), and gain positive responses from others (31 [8.9%]). Reluctance to go for another surgery emerged as the primary reason for declining breast reconstruction. Conclusion: There is a combination of sociocultural, economic, and healthcare-related factors influencing Pakistani women's decisions about reconstruction following a mastectomy including a lack of awareness about reconstruction. We recommend that all patients should be counseled about the reconstructive options when their mastectomy is planned.
Teachers’ resilience and sense of professionalism: a narrative inquiry of ELT teachers’ struggle to step beyond survival
Authors: soleimani neda , Ghaslani Rozhin
Published: July 2024

The prevalence of COVID-19 and the sudden shift into online teaching created unprecedented challenges for ELT teachers. Yet, threatening challenges might turn into opportunities for growth. This study reports on the types of challenges that ELT teachers experienced during the pandemic of Covid-19 and the strategies they adopted to face these challenges and promote their sense of professionalism. Fifteen ELT teachers agreed to participate in semi-structured interview sessions and complete narrative frames. Relying on transactional model of stress and coping, data of this study were analyzed. Our findings indicated that teachers faced personal and professional problems during the pandemic of COVID-19 and adopted emotion and problem focused coping strategies to become resilient against the stress associated with the pandemic. This study discussed how teachers viewed COVID-19 as a chance to expand their professional horizons and achieve wider networks of collegial connection and updated professional knowledge.
Pricing and Financing Strategies in a Dual-Channel Low-Carbon Supply Chain for Bilateral Capital-Constrained Retailers
Authors: Du Limin , Zhang Yuhao , Lu Keping
Published: July 2024

In the context of low-carbon economy, financial constraints are prevalent among both upstream and downstream enterprises, aggravated by the tendency of online retailers extending into offline physical stores. The present work firstly proposes and evaluates three financing combination models: "bank lending + advance payment," (in short, AF), "bank lending + delayed payment," (in short, DF), and "bilateral bank lending." (in short, TF). It then examines the retailer's dual-channel supply chain pricing and financing decision-making models under unified pricing strategy and independent self-pricing strategy respectively. The evaluation results indicate that among various financing models, the independent self-pricing strategy holds potential for enhancing the retailer's profitability, outperforming the unified pricing strategy. In addition, when channel preference is significant, the retailer should prioritize the independent self-pricing strategy. Comparison of the optimal decisions across the three financing combination models indicates that both the cost coefficient of carbon emission reduction and the loan interest rate exert a limiting influence on the decision-making and income of all supply chain parties. Furthermore, the DF model emerges as a financing equilibrium strategy within the supply chain. The shift to the AF model as a financing equilibrium strategy is considered only when the manufacturer's loan interest rate is relatively high.
Visual Non-Instrumental On-Site Detection of HSP70 Using a Modified Immune Affinity Gel-column Assay
Authors: Lin Hongjun , Liu Qiqi , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Jingxiang , Li Xiaoyan , Zhou Zhe
Published: July 2024

A modified immune affinity gel-column (IAGC) assay was developed for rapid detection biomarkers of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). The new method presets antibodies in a gel for rapid detection of the target antigen flowing through it. No special instruments and cumbersome processing steps were required throughout the entire process. The whole detection was completed within 10 min and a high-throughput could be achieved. Because the detection gel is in a transparent cylinder, color changes can be observed more sensitively. The detection limit (LOD) of the newly established method can be as low as 10 µg/L, which is significantly better than the existing lateral-flow strip method. In addition, the method is suitable for outdoor use, especially in laboratories with relatively simple conditions. In addition, the new detection method can also be designed into multiple detection layers in series or multiple detection columns in parallel to further improve the detection efficiency. Therefore, the new method is a fast, simple, high-throughput, qualitative and semi-quantitative detection platform, and a new idea for rapid detection.
Preferential pathways in catchments induce simple functioning but complex chemical transport
Authors: Zehe Erwin , Loritz Ralf , Kleidon Axel , Pfister Laurent , Berkowitz Brian
Published: July 2024

Preferential pathways are omnipresent on Earth. They play a key but often confusing role in hydrology, being seen either as a source of “simplicity” by catchment hydrologists, or of “complexity” by groundwater hydrologists. Here we use thermodynamic and information theoretical arguments in combination with field data to unravel this paradox. We show that preferential pathways reduce frictional dissipation and production thermal entropy. As this causes faster fluid flow, preferential pathways equally enlarge dissipation of head gradients and related production of mixing entropy. For the catchment water balance, we show that preferential pathways lead to a faster but also more spatially uniform dissipation of the head gradients controlling streamflow generation. This explains the success of simplified, aggregated models. Second, we show that this simplicity is only apparent: preferential pathways strongly broaden the spectrum of fluid velocities, implying that bulk water fluxes consist of a complex mixture of waters of variable ages. This complexity cannot manifest when considering the pure fluid but requires examination of chemicals to trace the travel time distribution of the water leaving the system. We conclude that preferential pathways generally increase the complexity of hydrological systems, while consideration of bulk streamflow enables a convenient but possibly misleading simplification.
Soil Quality and System Yield of Cotton-Maize as Influenced by Conservation Agricultural Practices under Semi-Arid Indian Environment
Authors: Nthebere Knight , TATA RAM PRAKASH , Bhimireddy Padmaja , Chandran Latha P. , Gudapati Jayasree , Admala Meena , Sinha Nishant Kumar , Thumma Srikanth B. , Kavuru Prasad
Published: July 2024

Intensive agriculture is the chief cause of soil degradation particularly in regions with low status of soil organic carbon (SOC) as in the semi-arid of southern India. In the quest of attaining sustainable crop yield and improved soil quality, conservation agriculture (CA) is being advocated and adopted globally including India. In this present experiment, CA was implemented to investigate the synergetic impacts of different tillage and weed management practices on soil quality (SQ) and system yield (SY), and to identify remunerative treatment combination (tillage – weed management) which can sustain SY and enhance SQ. Three tillage practices (main plots); T1:CT(C)-CT(M)-fallow(NSr), T2:CT(C)-ZT(M)-ZT(Sr) and T3:ZT(C) + SrR-ZT(M) + CR-ZT(Sr) + MS and weed control tactics involved (sub plots); W1-Chemical weed control, W2-Herbicide rotation (in alternative year), W3- Integrated weed management (IWM) and W4-Single hand-weeded control with cotton-maize-Sesbania rostrata cropping system over 3 years. A total of 40 soil variables were analysed at 60 days after sowing (DAS) and after harvest of maize (5th cropping cycle) and subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) in SQI CAL software to choose variables, minimum data set (MDS) and obtain a soil quality index (SQI). The following soil properties; SOC, silt, available Zn, Fe, soil potassium, nitrogen, pH, EC, soil C: N and CEC were selected as indicators based on correlations, calculated PCA and adept opinions on the texture and lime concretions of the experimental soil. The SQI was improved (62.09%) by the adoption of T3 in combination with W4 (T3W4) followed by T3 and W3-IWM (T3W3) combination. The system cotton equivalent yield (CEY) was significantly higher (4453 kg ha− 1) under T3 and W3-IWM (T3W3), while significantly lower system CEY was observed under T3 with W4 combinations (T3W4). So, considering both the system CEY and soil quality, T3 and W3-IWM was considered as the best treatment combination among all others for sustenance of both the soil and crop productivity in semi-arid conditions of southern India.
New Approach to Perthiyl Radicals for the Synthesis of Unsymmetric Disulfides
Authors: Lian Zhong , Zhou Fei , He Xiaochun , Zhou Mi , Li Na , Wang Qingqing , Zhang Xuemei
Published: July 2024

Unsymmetric disulfides are prevalent in natural products and are essential in medicinal chemistry and materials science, but their robust synthesis poses significant challenges. In this paper, we report a novel transition-metal-free methodology for synthesizing unsymmetric disulfides through the addition of perthiyl radicals to alkenes. This study marks the inaugural use of generating perthiyl radicals by reacting SO2 with unactivated alkyl (pseudo)halides (Cl/Br/I/OTs). Various primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl (pseudo)halides substituted with different functional groups successfully function as suitable reactants. The formation of perthiyl radicals and their involvement in the reaction process were verified through mechanistic studies and DFT calculations. Overall, this method leverages readily available alkyl electrophiles and alkenes alongside SO2 in a single reaction setup to efficiently form both carbon-sulfur and sulfur-sulfur bonds simultaneously.
Enhanced energy storage density and efficiency in NBT-based MLCCs via a cooperative optimization of polarization and grain alignment
Authors: Li Fei , Li Yang , Fan Ningbo , Wu Jie , Xu Bin , Li Xuexin , Liu Xuechen , Xiao Yizhou , Hou Dingwei , Feng Xinya , Zhang Jinjing , Zhang Shujun , Li Jinglei
Published: July 2024

Dielectric ceramics possess a unique competitive advantage in electronic systems due to their high-power density and excellent reliability. Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT)-based ceramics, one type of extensively studied energy storage dielectric, however, often experience A-site element volatilization and Ti4+ reduction during high-temperature sintering. These issues may result in increased energy loss, reduced polarization and low dielectric breakdown electric field (EB), ultimately making it challenging to achieve both high energy storage density (Wrec) and efficiency (η). To address these issues, we introduce a synergistic optimization strategy that combine polarization engineering and grain alignment engineering. First principles calculations and experimental analyses show that the doping of Mn2+ can suppress the reduction of Ti4+ in NBT-based ceramics and enhance ion off-centering displacements, thereby reducing energy loss and improving polarization. In addition, we prepared multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) with grains oriented along the <111> direction using the template grain growth method. This approach effectively reduces electric-field-induced strain by 37% and markedly enhances EB by 42% when compared with nontextured counterpart. As a result of this comprehensive strategy, <111>-textured NBT-based MLCCs achieve an ultra-high energy density of 15.7 J·cm-3 and an excellent η beyond 95% at 850 kV·cm-1, exhibiting a superior overall energy storage performance.
Foreign direct investment and economic growth in Arab countries: do institutions, financial development and human capital matter?
Authors: Ochi Anis , Haous Amine , Saidi Anis
Published: July 2024

This study examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth, with emphasis on the role of institutional quality, human capital and financial development for Arab countries over the period 2002-2019. We found that the nexus between FDI and growth is nonlinear. By using a dynamic panel threshold model, the results show that there is a statistically positive relationship between FDI and growth above thresholds of 1.8 for human capital, -0.44 for institutional quality and 0.29 for financial development, above which FDI increases economic growth in Arab countries. Based on the results, this research proposes several policy recommendations.
JEL Classification numbers : F21, F43, G34, J24, C24
University Students’ knowledge and attitudes towards Premarital Screening Program (PMS) in Damascus, Syria – cross sectional study.
Authors: Tassabehji Omar , Alothman Mohamad Yaman , Almoazen Samar
Published: July 2024

Background: Arab populations have ana elevated rate in hereditary and genetic diseases and also are known for high rates of Consanguinity which is related to high incidence rates of the previous diseases. Premarital screening Is one of the most effective primary care systems implemented worldwide by countries improving primary prevention for many Genetic Disorders and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs).
Aim: to assess the knowledge and attitude of university students in Damascus, Syria regarding PMS.
Materials and Methods: Using our pilot questionnaire, a cross-sectional study was conducted through Aprile-June on a random sample of university students in Damascus. It was administered electronically and primarily distributed through social media.
conclusion: University students’ in Damascus Syria knowledge and attitudes towards premarital testing PMS reveals their awareness of its importance in prevention of inherited & STDs and also in marriages stability. The study results revealed that participants had high knowledge, positive attitudes towards PMS in most aspect, but also in some aspects they do not. targeted educational programs about the importance of PMS are strongly recommended to improve public health and the well-being of our future generations
Placa Oclusal Confeccionada no Fluxo Digital como Auxiliar no Tratamento de Disfunção Temporomandibular – Relato de Caso
Authors: Bertoldo Ludimila Honorato , Nunes Julia Vaz , Oliveira Lucas Henrique de , Ruela Francisca Isabel , Costa João Ermelindo de Assis , Gonçalves Lísia Aparecida Costa , Goyatá Frederico dos Reis
Published: July 2024

O uso de Placas Oclusais como coadjuvantes no tratamento de pacientes com Disfunções Temporomandibulares é consolidado na literatura e reafirmado no dia a dia clínico. Por muitos anos, a confecção clínica e laboratorial pelo método analógico obteve resultados clínicos eficientes. Com o advento do fluxo de trabalho digital em Odontologia, com a redução do desconforto dos pacientes nas etapas de moldagem e mais rapidez nas etapas laboratoriais, surgiu o questionamento sobre a aplicabilidade na confecção das placas oclusais. Este trabalho apresenta o relato de um caso clínico com as etapas da confecção de uma placa oclusal desenvolvido pelo fluxo de trabalho digital. Para isto foi selecionado um paciente que apresentava sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular na Clínica Integrada da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Alfenas. Foram realizadas as etapas clínicas e laboratoriais documentadas em registros fotográficos do passo a passo clínico. Os resultados obtidos permitiram observar um número muito menor de sessões e menor ajuste oclusal da placa.
Avanços na Odontologia com o Advento das Tecnologias Digitais
Authors: Araújo Ana Letícia Soares de , Silva Jaqueline Martins da , Brandão Karen Silvia Monteiro , Freitas Marjorye Lavigne Alves de , Sales Mariana Luna de , Ferreira Sarah Karolina Reges , Melo Eloiza Leonardo de , Freire Waldenia Pereira
Published: July 2024

Introdução: A Odontologia digital demonstra-se cada vez mais presente na realidade clínica e laboratorial da Odontologia, representada fortemente pelo sistema CAD/CAM, a era digital introduz a possibilidade de captações mais realistas, reconstruções mais fidedignas e maiores índices de sucesso nos procedimentos. Objetivos: Apresentar uma revisão de literatura abrangendo os avanços na Odontologia com o advento das tecnologias digitais. Método: Os termos “sistema CAD/CAM”, “Desenho Assistido por Computador”, “Prótese Dentária” e “Odontologia” foram pesquisados nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline e Portal Periódico da Capes, sendo selecionados 24 que tivessem relação a Odontologia Digital nas mais diversas especialidades, todos em língua portuguesa. Conclusão: A revisão de literatura permitiu observar o importante avanço advindo da inserção dessa tecnologia na rotina clínica e laboratorial, obtendo melhores resultados nos procedimentos e melhor comunicação com o paciente, bem como permite maior produtividade ao profissional, mesmo com a difícil acessibilidade ao material por seu alto valor de mercado, a aquisição ainda possui mais pontos positivos do que negativos.