bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1H NMR Profiling of the Venom from Hylesia continua: Implications of Small Molecules for Lepidopterism
Authors: Villa-Ruano Nemesio , Becerra-Martínez Elvia , Cunill-Flores José María , Torres-Castillo Jorge Ariel , Horta-Valerdi Guillermo M. , Pacheco-Hernández Yesenia
Published: January 2023

Lepidopterism caused by caterpillar contact is considered a public health problem around the world. The local and systemic responses of this pathology include short- and long-term inflammatory events. Although the proteolytic activity of the venoms from caterpillars is strongly associated with an inflammatory response in humans and murine models, fast and acute symptoms such as a burning sensation, itching, and pain should be related to the presence of low-weight hydrophilic molecules which easily influence cell metabolism. This investigation reports on the 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) profiling of the venom from the larva of Hylesia continua, a caterpillar linked to frequent cases of lepidopterism in the northern highlands of Puebla, Mexico. According to one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR data, the venom of H. continua contained 19 compounds with proven pain-inducing activity (i.e., acetic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, succinic acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid, ethanol, and glutamate), inflammatory activity (i.e., cadaverine, putrescine, and acetoin), as well as natural immunosuppressive activity (i.e., O-phosphocholine and urocanic acid). The levels of the 19 compounds were calculated using quantitative-NMR (qNMR) and extensively discussed on the basis of their toxic properties which partially explain typical symptoms of lepidopterism caused by the larvae of H. continua. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation reporting a complex mixture of small molecules with inflammatory properties dissolved in the venom of a lepidopteran larva.
Comparison of the Diagnostic Performance of Deep Learning Algorithms for Reducing the Time Required for COVID-19 RT–PCR Testing
Authors: Lee Yoonje , Kim Yu-Seop , Lee Da In , Jeong Seri , Kang Gu Hyun , Jang Yong Soo , Kim Wonhee , Choi Hyun Young , Kim Jae Guk
Published: January 2023

(1) Background: Rapid and accurate negative discrimination enables efficient management of scarce isolated bed resources and adequate patient accommodation in the majority of areas experiencing an explosion of confirmed cases due to Omicron mutations. Until now, methods for artificial intelligence or deep learning to replace time-consuming RT-PCR have relied on CXR, chest CT, blood test results, or clinical information. (2) Methods: We proposed and compared five different types of deep learning algorithms (RNN, LSTM, Bi-LSTM, GRU, and transformer) for reducing the time required for RT-PCR diagnosis by learning the change in fluorescence value derived over time during the RT-PCR process. (3) Results: Among the five deep learning algorithms capable of training time series data, Bi-LSTM and GRU were shown to be able to decrease the time required for RT–PCR diagnosis by half or by 25% without significantly impairing the diagnostic performance of the COVID-19 RT–PCR test. (4) Conclusions: The diagnostic performance of the model developed in this study when 40 cycles of RT–PCR are used for diagnosis shows the possibility of nearly halving the time required for RT–PCR diagnosis.
IFITMs from Naturally Infected Animal Species Exhibit Distinct Restriction Capacities against Toscana and Rift Valley Fever Viruses
Authors: Confort Marie-Pierre , Duboeuf Maëva , Thiesson Adrien , Pons Léa , Marziali Federico , Desloire Sophie , Ratinier Maxime , Cimarelli Andrea , Arnaud Frédérick
Published: January 2023

Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) and Toscana virus (TOSV) are two pathogenic arthropod-borne viruses responsible for zoonotic infections in both humans and animals; as such, they represent a growing threat to public and veterinary health. Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins are broad inhibitors of a large panel of viruses belonging to various families and genera. However, little is known on the interplay between RVFV, TOSV, and the IFITM proteins derived from their naturally infected host species. In this study, we investigated the ability of human, bovine, and camel IFITMs to restrict RVFV and TOSV infection. Our results indicated that TOSV was extremely sensitive to inhibition by all the animal IFITMs tested, while RVFV was inhibited by human IFITM-2 and IFITM-3, but not IFITM-1, and exhibited a more heterogeneous resistance phenotype towards the individual bovine and camel IFITMs tested. Overall, our findings shed some light on the complex and differential interplay between two zoonotic viruses and IFITMs from their naturally infected animal species.
Three Phages from a Boreal Lake during Ice Cover Infecting Xylophilus, Caulobacter, and Polaromonas Species
Authors: Laanto Elina , Oksanen Hanna M.
Published: January 2023

Although the important role of microbes in freshwater is well understood, studies on phage–host systems in such environments during ice cover are completely lacking. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of three new bacteriophages infecting Xylophilus sp., Caudobacter sp., and Polaromonas sp. from freshwater samples taken under the ice cover of Lake Konnevesi, Finland. Lumi, Kuura, and Tiera bacteriophages have tailed icosahedral virions and double-stranded DNA. Lumi is a siphophage with a genome of 80,496 bp, and Kuura and Tiera are podophages, and their genomes are 43,205 and 45,327 bp in length, resembling viruses in the class Caudoviricetes. Their host ranges were very limited among the winter-isolated bacterial strains from Konnevesi, each infecting only their own hosts. They can infect efficiently at 4 °C, showing that they are adapted to living in lake water under ice cover. Analysis of the viral genome sequences showed that a significant number of the gene products of each virus are unique, indicating that there is unexplored viral diversity in freshwaters. To our knowledge, Lumi and Tiera are the first phages isolated on the Xylophilus sp. and Polaromonas sp. strains, allowing their exploitation in further studies of freshwater bacterial–phage interactions.
A Spontaneously Occurring African Swine Fever Virus with 11 Gene Deletions Partially Protects Pigs Challenged with the Parental Strain
Authors: Kitamura Tomoya , Masujin Kentaro , Yamazoe Reiko , Kameyama Ken-ichiro , Watanabe Mizuki , Ikezawa Mitsutaka , Yamada Manabu , Kokuho Takehiro
Published: January 2023

African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious Suidae disease caused by the ASF virus (ASFV). Adaptation to less susceptible, non-target host cells is one of the most common techniques used to attenuate virulent viruses. However, this may induce many mutations and large-scale rearrangements in the viral genome, resulting in immunostimulatory potential loss of the virus in vivo. This study continuously maintained the virulent ASFV strain, Armenia2007 (Arm07), to establish an attenuated ASFV strain with minimum genetic alteration in a susceptible host cell line, immortalized porcine kidney macrophage (IPKM). A mutant strain was successfully isolated via repeated plaque purification in combination with next-generation sequencing analysis. The isolated strain, Arm07ΔMGF, which was obtained from a viral fluid at a passage level of 20, lacked 11 genes in total in the MGF300 and MGF360 regions and showed marked reduction in virulence against pigs. Moreover, all the pigs survived the challenge with the parental strain when pigs were immunized twice with 105 TCID50 of Arm07ΔMGF, although viremia and fever were not completely prevented after the challenge infection. These findings suggest that this naturally attenuated, spontaneously occurring ASFV strain may provide a novel platform for ASF vaccine development.
Structural Characterization of Porcine Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Protein with Nuclear Trafficking Protein Importin Alpha Reveals a Bipartite Nuclear Localization Signal
Authors: Hoad Mikayla , Cross Emily M. , Donnelly Camilla M. , Sarker Subir , Roby Justin A. , Forwood Jade K.
Published: January 2023

Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are important vectors for gene therapy, and accordingly, many aspects of their cell transduction pathway have been well characterized. However, the specific mechanisms that AAV virions use to enter the host nucleus remain largely unresolved. We therefore aimed to reveal the interactions between the AAV Cap protein and the nuclear transport protein importin alpha (IMPα) at an atomic resolution. Herein we expanded upon our earlier research into the Cap nuclear localization signal (NLS) of a porcine AAV isolate, by examining the influence of upstream basic regions (BRs) towards IMPα binding. Using a high-resolution crystal structure, we identified that the IMPα binding determinants of the porcine AAV Cap comprise a bipartite NLS with an N-terminal BR binding at the minor site of IMPα, and the previously identified NLS motif binding at the major site. Quantitative assays showed a vast difference in binding affinity between the previously determined monopartite NLS, and bipartite NLS described in this study. Our results provide a detailed molecular view of the interaction between AAV capsids and the nuclear import receptor, and support the findings that AAV capsids enter the nucleus by binding the nuclear import adapter IMPα using the classical nuclear localization pathway.
A Screening for Virus Infections among Wild Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Iceland, 2017–2019
Authors: Tryland Morten , Sánchez Romano Javier , Nymo Ingebjørg Helena , Mørk Torill , Þórarinsdóttir Rán , Breines Eva Marie , Li Hong , Cunha Cristina Wetzel , Thórisson Skarphéðinn G.
Published: January 2023

A winter population of around 4000–5000 wild Eurasian tundra reindeer (Rangifer t. tarandus) in the eastern part of Iceland represents descendants from 35 semi-domesticated reindeer imported to Iceland from Finnmark county, Norway, in 1787. While previous studies have indicated that they host fewer parasite species as compared to reindeer in Fennoscandia, little information exists on their exposure to reindeer viral pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate blood from hunted reindeer for antibodies against alphaherpesvirus and gammaherpesviruses (malignant catarrhal fever viruses, MCFV), pestivirus, bluetongue virus, and Schmallenberg virus, and to investigate nasal and oral mucosal membrane swab samples for the presence of parapoxvirus-specific DNA. Blood samples collected during the hunting seasons in 2017 (n = 40), 2018 (n = 103), and 2019 (n = 138) were tested for viral antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Screening for parapoxvirus DNA was conducted on swab samples from 181 reindeer by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), targeting the B2L and GIF genes. Antibodies against pestivirus were detected in two animals from 2017, and antibodies against MCFV were detected in two reindeer from 2018. No antibodies were detected against the other viruses tested. Parapoxvirus-specific DNA was detected in nasal swab samples from two animals sampled in 2019. This study suggests that the investigated viral infections are either not present or present at a low prevalence only, probably not representing a major health threat to this reindeer population. The lack of exposure to alphaherpesvirus, an enzootic pathogen in most investigated Rangifer populations, was unexpected.
Therapeutic Targeting of Inflammation and Virus Simultaneously Ameliorates Influenza Pneumonia and Protects from Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Pandey Pratikshya , Al Rumaih Zahrah , Kels Ma. , Ng Esther , Kc Rajendra , Malley Roslyn , Chaudhri Geeta , Karupiah Gunasegaran
Published: January 2023

Influenza pneumonia is a severe complication caused by inflammation of the lungs following infection with seasonal and pandemic strains of influenza A virus (IAV), that can result in lung pathology, respiratory failure, and death. There is currently no treatment for severe disease and pneumonia caused by IAV. Antivirals are available but are only effective if treatment is initiated within 48 h of onset of symptoms. Influenza complications and mortality are often associated with high viral load and an excessive lung inflammatory cytokine response. Therefore, we simultaneously targeted the virus and inflammation. We used the antiviral oseltamivir and the anti-inflammatory drug etanercept to dampen TNF signaling after the onset of clinical signs to treat pneumonia in a mouse model of respiratory IAV infection. The combined treatment down-regulated the inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p40, and the chemokines CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10. Consequently, combined treatment with oseltamivir and a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor effectively reduced clinical disease and lung pathology. Combined treatment using etanercept or STAT3 inhibitor and oseltamivir dampened an overlapping set of cytokines. Thus, combined therapy targeting a specific cytokine or cytokine signaling pathway and an antiviral drug provide an effective treatment strategy for ameliorating IAV pneumonia. This approach might apply to treating pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
EPAC1 Pharmacological Inhibition with AM-001 Prevents SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Replication in Cells
Authors: Foret-Lucas Charlotte , Figueroa Thomas , Bertin Alexandre , Bessière Pierre , Lucas Alexandre , Bergonnier Dorian , Wasniewski Marine , Servat Alexandre , Tessier Arnaud , Lezoualc’h Frank , Volmer Romain
Published: January 2023

The exceptional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated an intense search for antiviral molecules. Host-targeted antiviral molecules have the potential of presenting broad-spectrum antiviral activity and are also considered as less likely to select for resistant viruses. In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity exerted by AM-001, a specific pharmacological inhibitor of EPAC1, a host exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP (cAMP). The cAMP-sensitive protein, EPAC1 regulates various physiological and pathological processes but its role in SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus infection has not yet been studied. Here, we provide evidence that the EPAC1 specific inhibitor AM-001 exerts potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in the human lung Calu-3 cell line and the African green monkey Vero cell line. We observed a concentration-dependent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infectious viral particles and viral RNA release in the supernatants of AM-001 treated cells that was not associated with a significant impact on cellular viability. Furthermore, we identified AM-001 as an inhibitor of influenza A virus in Calu-3 cells. Altogether these results identify EPAC1 inhibition as a promising therapeutic target against viral infections.
Skin Testing and Basophil Activation Testing Is Useful for Assessing Immediate Reactions to Polyethylene Glycol-Containing Vaccines
Authors: Li Jamma , Weir Christopher , Fulton Richard , Fernando Suran L.
Published: January 2023

Background: The mechanism of immediate reactions to drugs or vaccines containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) and PEG derivatives is not fully elucidated. It is considered in many instances to be IgE-mediated. Diagnosis and management of PEG allergy is topical, as BNT162b and mRNA-1273 contain PEG (2[PEG-2000]-N), and ChAdOx1-S and NVX-CoV2373 contain polysorbate 80. mRNA vaccines contain PEG 2000, which encapsulates the mRNA to impair its degradation. This PEG MW is specific to mRNA vaccines and is not used in other drugs and vaccines. PEG 2000 allergy is not well studied, as higher PEG molecular weights are implicated in most of the PEG allergy published in the literature. Methods: We performed a literature review on PEG allergy and sought to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of our protocol for assessment of PEG 2000 and polysorbate 80 reactions in an outpatient clinic setting. All patients referred to our drug allergy service between 1 July 2021 and 31 December 2021 with suspected immediate allergy to PEG or its derivatives were eligible for the study. Skin testing (ST) and basophil activation testing (BAT) were performed for all patients to multiple PEG molecular weights (MWs). Results: We reviewed twenty patients during the study period. Five patients were allergic. Fifteen patients had a masquerade of allergy and were enrolled as control patients. PEG 2000, polysorbate 80, BNT162b, and ChAdOx1-S had excellent performance characteristics on skin testing. BAT showed high specificity for all vaccines and PEG MWs. Discussion: In our small study, we found ST and BAT to add useful information, particularly for PEG 2000 allergy. Further study of our protocol in larger patient cohorts will provide more information on its performance characteristics and usefulness.
Flood Management with SUDS: A Simulation–Optimization Framework
Authors: Ferrans Pascual , Reyes-Silva Julian David , Krebs Peter , Temprano Javier
Published: January 2023

Urbanization and climate change are the main driving force in the development of sustainable strategies for managing water in cities, such as sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS). Previous studies have identified the necessity to develop decision-making tools for SUDS in order to adequately implement these structures. This study proposes a simulation–optimization methodology that aims to ease the decision-making process when selecting and placing SUDS, with the specific goal of managing urban flooding. The methodology was applied to a real case study in Dresden, Germany. The most relevant variables when selecting SUDS were the spatial distribution of floods and the land uses in the catchment. Furthermore, the rainfall characteristics played an important role when selecting the different SUDS configurations. After the optimal SUDS configurations were determined, flood maps were developed, identifying the high potential that SUDS have for reducing flood volumes and depth, but showing them to be quite limited in reducing the flooded areas. The final section of the study proposes a combined frequency map of SUDS implementation, which is suggested for use as a final guide for the present study. The study successfully implemented a novel methodology that included land-use patterns and flood indicators to select SUDS in a real case study.
Know to Predict, Forecast to Warn: A Review of Flood Risk Prediction Tools
Authors: Antwi-Agyakwa Kwesi Twum , Afenyo Mawuli Kwaku , Angnuureng Donatus Bapentire
Published: January 2023

Flood prediction has advanced significantly in terms of technique and capacity to achieve policymakers’ objectives of accurate forecast and identification of flood-prone and impacted areas. Flood prediction tools are critical for flood hazard and risk management. However, numerous reviews on flood modelling have focused on individual models. This study presents a state-of-the-art review of flood prediction tools with a focus on analyzing the chronological growth of the research in the field of flood prediction, the evolutionary trends in flood prediction, analysing the strengths and weaknesses of each tool, and finally identifying the significant gaps for future studies. The article conducted a review and meta-analysis of 1101 research articles indexed by the Scopus database in the last five years (2017–2022) using Biblioshiny in r. The study drew an up-to-date picture of the recent developments, emerging topical trends, and gaps for future studies. The finding shows that machine learning models are widely used in flood prediction, while Probabilistic models like Copula and Bayesian Network (B.N.) play significant roles in the uncertainty assessment of flood risk, and should be explored since these events are uncertain. It was also found that the advancement of the remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS) and cloud computing provides the best platform to integrate data and tools for flood prediction. However, more research should be conducted in Africa, South Africa and Australia, where less work is done and the potential of the probabilistic models in flood prediction should be explored.
Hydraulic Geometry and Theory of Equilibrium Water Depth of Branching River
Authors: Gao Yun , Lv Yufeng , Li Ying , Pan Yun , Yang Enshang
Published: January 2023

Based on the flow continuity formula, resistance formula, sediment transport capacity formula and width-depth ratio relationship, the hydraulic geometry relationship and theory of equilibrium water depth for a branching river are established and are suitable for arbitrary section shape. The ratio of cross-sectional area of a distributary channel and the main stream is a power function of its bifurcation ratio with an exponent of 6/7. This was applied to a 12.5 m deep-water channel of the Yangtze River (the North Passage, Fujiangsha Waterway and Shiyezhou Waterway). The reliability of the equilibrium water depth was verified and the construction effect of the channel regulation project was predicted. The results show that the regulation project has achieved certain results on the whole, but some waterways still cannot meet the requirement of 12.5 m navigation depth. It is necessary to adjust the layout of the regulation project and focus on increasing the bifurcation ratio and reducing the flow resistance so as to increase the maximum equilibrium water depth.
Groundwater Fluctuation of a Meliorated Forest Catchment in Connection with the Climate and the Growth of Forest Stands—30 Years of Monitoring
Authors: Špulák Ondřej , Kacálek Dušan , Černohous Vladimír
Published: January 2023

Hydromelioration networks aim to expand the vadose zones of waterlogged and peaty sites, which is expected to provide more soil space for trees’ roots, thus improving forest stand stability and production. However, the recent climate is manifested by increasing air temperatures, changed distribution of precipitation and frequent droughts. This raises the issue of the suitability of such measures. Additionally, the impacts on the ground water table (GWT) level, drainage, and forest health are disputed. This study deals with the behaviour of the shallow-aquifer GWT level in a formerly deforested headwater catchment named U Dvou louček (UDL) which had been monitored for 30 years and placed at a mountain site in north-eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic. GWT (84 m long transect with 22 probes), precipitation, throughfall, discharge, air temperatures and stand parameters were measured. Young Norway spruce stands now dominate within the UDL area. Average precipitation of the open area reached 1285 mm, and precipitation in years 2003, 2015 and 2018 was minimal (910 to 950 mm). Calibration of the GWT measurement took place in 1992–1995. After a 5-year stabilisation period in 1996–2001 with gradually falling GWT levels, following the digging of new ditches, the GWT no longer fluctuated significantly. The discharge and GWT change responses to stand growth were modest, and the impact of forest tending was limited. Lower GWTs in dry years were temporary. The inter-annual water levels in the immediate vicinity of the ditches fluctuated the least. The small-scale technical hydromelioration intervention neither had a negative impact on the GWT level, nor threatened the water supply of growing forest stands even in dry years. The results confirmed the long-term potential of such measures to improve the water regime of reforested clear cuts on waterlogged forest soils in mountains with a minimal risk of threat in warming environments.
Deriving Operating Rules of Hydropower Reservoirs Using Multi-Strategy Ensemble Henry Gas Solubility Optimization-Driven Support Vector Machine
Authors: Qiu Hongya , Hu Ting , Zhang Song , Xiao Yangfan
Published: January 2023

Hydropower is an important clean renewable energy that plays a key role in coping with issues such as global energy security, environmental protection, and climate change. In order to improve the optimal operation ability of hydropower reservoirs in the context of forecast runoff with limited accuracy and prediction period, there has been a growing interest in deriving operating rules of hydropower reservoirs. Reasonable operation decision is very important for safe operation of reservoirs and efficient utilization of water resources. Therefore, a novel method of operation rules derivation is proposed in this study. Optimal operation model of hydropower reservoir is established and support vector machine (SVM) is used to derive operation rules based on the optimal operation results. In order to improve the performance of SVM, the Henry gas solubility optimization (HGSO) is used to optimize its hyperparameters for the first time. Meanwhile, multiple strategies are applied to overcome the drawbacks of HGSO. The multi-verse optimizer (MVO) is used to enhance the exploration capability of basic HGSO. Quadratic interpolation (QI) is used to improve the exploitation ability of HGSO. In this study, the Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba hydropower reservoirs in the upper Yangtze River of China were selected as a case study. First, the improved HGSO called MVQIHGSO was tested on 23 classical benchmark functions. Then, it was employed to optimize hyperparameters of SVM model for deriving operation rules. The results and statistical studies indicate that the improved HGSO outperforms the comparison algorithms in exploration and exploitation. The obtained results imply that the novel method named MVQIHGSO-SVM can provide a new practical tool to deriving operation rules for hydropower reservoirs, which is conducive to the safe and efficient utilization of water resources.
An In-Situ Geotextile Filtration Method for Suspended Solids Attenuation and Algae Suppression in a Canadian Eutrophic Lake
Authors: Pereira Antônio Cavalcante , Mulligan Catherine N. , Veetil Dileep Palakkeel , Bhat Sam
Published: January 2023

Climate change and human actions will exacerbate eutrophication cases in inland waters. By external or internal inputs, there will be an increase in nutrient concentrations in those systems worldwide. Those nutrients will bring faster trophic changes to inland waters and possible health and recreational advisories. A novel approach using a floating filtration system, a silt curtain, and geotextiles (woven and non-woven) is under investigation. This method has been applied as an in-situ pilot experiment deployed at Lake Caron, a shallow eutrophic lake in Quebec, for two summers. Turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), blue-green-algae-phycocyanin (BGA-PC) and chlorophyll-a showed statistically significant average removal efficiencies of 53%, 22%, 49%, 57% and 56%, respectively, in the first year and 17%, 36%, 18%, 34% and 32% in the second. Statistical correlations were found with TSS, turbidity and variables that could represent particles (TP, turbidity, chlorophyll-a). Employing this in situ management method could be a promising remediation for not only shallow lakes (average depth < 2 m) but also for ponds, rivers, coastal regions, bays and other water types, to enable cleaner water for future generations.
Research on the Similarity Scale of Flood Discharge Atomization Based on Water-Air Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Liu Gang , Tong Fuguo , Tian Bin , Lan Jiaxin
Published: January 2023

The flood discharge atomization of high dams involves a complex coupled flow of water and air. Small-scale model tests are typically used to predict the atomization of flood discharge. However, the accuracy of the prediction results often suffers because of the scale effect between the model and the prototype. Considering that the numerical simulation method has the advantage of not being restricted by similarity scales, this paper studies the influence of the scale effect on the atomization of flood discharge based on the principle of water-air two-phase flow. Taking the Shuibuya Hydropower Station as the research object, the distribution of the flood discharge atomized rainfall and the atomized wind speed are studied when the boundary conditions, ambient atmospheric pressure, and geometric dimensions meet similar requirements. The research results show that under the same boundary conditions, the geometric scale is the most important factor affecting flood discharge atomization. The smaller the geometric scale, the smaller the atomization wind speed and rainfall intensity obtained by the model, which means that smaller monitoring errors lead to larger prediction deviations. When the calculation model satisfies similar atmospheric pressure conditions, the atomization wind speed and rainfall obtained by the models with different geometric scales satisfy the standard exponential function relationship. By comparing with the atomized rainfall and wind speed data observed by the Shuibuya prototype, it is found that the prediction accuracy of the prototype can be greatly improved when the model satisfies a similar atmospheric pressure.
Development of Fouling-Control Strategy for Ceramic Membrane Bioreactor Applied in Partial Nitrification Process
Authors: Li Bingxin , Wang Ruochen , Zuo Weiwei , Peng Yi , An Dong , Zhang Liang , Ge Zheng
Published: January 2023

A lab-scale ceramic membrane bioreactor (MBR) with active membrane-fouling control system was developed for the partial nitrification (PN) process. The in situ membrane cleaning method was applied to remove the contaminants on the surface of the membrane with no interruption of the wastewater treatment. The results showed that the device increased critical flux and reduced gel layer resistance (Rg) and internal resistance (Ri) of the flat-sheet ceramic membrane by inhibiting the formation of the cake layer. In long-term experiments, nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was successfully suppressed, and nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) was achieved at a high level, up to 90.09%; the effluent NO2−-N/NH4+-N was maintained in balance dynamically with an average ratio of ~1.30, which would be beneficial to the proliferation of Anammox bacteria and the following autotrophic nitrogen removal (ANR) process. Moreover, with the assistance of in situ cleaning, energy input from aeration was significantly reduced, while over aeration was avoided for more stable PN performance.
Discriminant Analysis of Water Inrush Sources in the Weibei Coalfield, Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Xue Weifeng , Hou Enke , Zhao Xia , Ye Yong , Tsangaratos Paraskevas , Ilia Ioanna , Chen Wei
Published: January 2023

Water inrush disasters in mining areas are one of the most serious geological disasters in coal mining. The purpose of this study is to study the establishment of a water chemical database and water inrush source discrimination model in the Weibei coalfield to provide the basis for regional hydrogeological conditions for future mining under pressure in the Weibei area, as well as a basis for the rapid identification of water inrush sources in the Weibei coalfield. In this paper, a conventional hydrochemical and trace element discrimination model for mine water inrush was established, and the hydrochemical characteristic files of the entire mining area were integrated. Based on 10 indicators, three hydrochemical discrimination models of rock stratum aquifers were established. Through the Mahalanobis distance test, it was found that the six selected variables, K+ + Na+, Mg2+, NH4+, Cl−, SO42−, and pH, have significant discrimination ability and good effect and can effectively distinguish the three main water inrush aquifers in the Weibei mining area. Then, the clustering stepwise discriminant analysis method was used to select 24 water samples and 14 trace element indicators from the conventional water chemistry test results. Based on principal component analysis, a principal component analysis discriminant model of trace elements was established for the four main aquifers. The accuracy and misjudgment rate of the Bayes multi-class linear discriminant using conventional ions as explanatory variables were 64.3% and 35.7%, respectively, showing a poor discriminant effect. On this basis, seven characteristic trace elements were analyzed according to Bayes multi-class linear discriminant analysis, the mutual influence and restriction relationship regarding the migration of these seven trace elements in the groundwater system of the mining area was determined, and the modified Bayes multi-class linear discriminant analysis model of trace elements for the water inrush source was established, which was more accurate than the conventional ion Bayes multi-class linear discriminant analysis model. The accuracy rate reached 92.9%. This research is of great significance for mine water-source identification and water-inrush prevention guidance.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on incidence of long-term conditions in Wales: a population data linkage study using primary and secondary care health records
Authors: Qi Cathy , Osborne Tim , Bailey Rowena , Cooper Alison , Hollinghurst Joe P , Akbari Ashley , Crowder Ruth , Peters Holly , Law Rebecca-Jane , Lewis Ruth , Smith Deb , Edwards Adrian , Lyons Ronan A
Published: January 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has directly and indirectly had an impact on health service provision owing to surges and sustained pressures on the system. The effects of these pressures on the management of long-term or chronic conditions are not fully understood.

Aim

To explore the effects of COVID-19 on the recorded incidence of 17 long-term conditions.

Design and setting

This was an observational retrospective population data linkage study on the population of Wales using primary and secondary care data within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank.

Method

Monthly rates of new diagnosis between 2000 and 2021 are presented for each long-term condition. Incidence rates post-2020 were compared with expected rates predicted using time series modelling of pre-2020 trends. The proportion of annual incidence is presented by sociodemographic factors: age, sex, social deprivation, ethnicity, frailty, and learning disability.

Results

A total of 5 476 012 diagnoses from 2 257 992 individuals are included. Incidence rates from 2020 to 2021 were lower than mean expected rates across all conditions. The largest relative deficit in incidence was in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease corresponding to 343 (95% confidence interval = 230 to 456) undiagnosed patients per 100 000 population, followed by depression, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, anxiety disorders, and asthma. A GP practice of 10 000 patients might have over 400 undiagnosed long-term conditions. No notable differences between sociodemographic profiles of post- and pre-2020 incidences were observed.

Conclusion

There is a potential backlog of undiagnosed patients with multiple long-term conditions. Resources are required to tackle anticipated workload as part of COVID-19 recovery, particularly in primary care.
The Colorectal cancer RISk Prediction (CRISP) trial: a randomised controlled trial of a decision support tool for risk-stratified colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Emery Jon D , Jenkins Mark A , Saya Sibel , Chondros Patty , Oberoi Jasmeen , Milton Shakira , Novy Kitty , Habgood Emily , Karnchanachari Napin , Pirotta Marie , Trevena Lyndal , Bickerstaffe Adrian , De Abreu Lourenço Richard , Crothers Anna , Ouakrim Driss Ait , Flander Louisa , Dowty James G , Walter Fiona M , Clark Malcolm , Doncovio Sally , Etemadmoghadam Dariush , Fishman George , Macrae Finlay , Winship Ingrid , McIntosh Jennifer G
Published: January 2023

Background

A risk-stratified approach to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening could result in a more acceptable balance of benefits and harms, and be more cost-effective.

Aim

To determine the effect of a consultation in general practice using a computerised risk assessment and decision support tool (Colorectal cancer RISk Prediction, CRISP) on risk-appropriate CRC screening.

Design and setting

Randomised controlled trial in 10 general practices in Melbourne, Australia, from May 2017 to May 2018.

Method

Participants were recruited from a consecutive sample of patients aged 50–74 years attending their GP. Intervention consultations included CRC risk assessment using the CRISP tool and discussion of CRC screening recommendations. Control group consultations focused on lifestyle CRC risk factors. The primary outcome was risk-appropriate CRC screening at 12 months.

Results

A total of 734 participants (65.1% of eligible patients) were randomised (369 intervention, 365 control); the primary outcome was determined for 722 (362 intervention, 360 control). There was a 6.5% absolute increase (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.28 to 13.2) in risk-appropriate screening in the intervention compared with the control group (71.5% versus 65.0%; odds ratio [OR] 1.36, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.86,P= 0.057). In those due CRC screening during follow-up, there was a 20.3% (95% CI = 10.3 to 30.4) increase (intervention 59.8% versus control 38.9%; OR 2.31, 95% CI = 1.51 to 3.53,P<0.001) principally by increasing faecal occult blood testing in those at average risk.

Conclusion

A risk assessment and decision support tool increases risk-appropriate CRC screening in those due screening. The CRISP intervention could commence in people in their fifth decade to ensure people start CRC screening at the optimal age with the most cost-effective test.
PEMIDANAAN BAGI NAHKODA YANG MELAKUKAN KEGIATAN MENUNDA DALAM PELAYARAN TANPA PERSETUJUAN DARI SYAHBANDAR
Authors: Juhari Juhari
Published: January 2023

The captain of the ship carrying out repair activities, sailing trials, loading and unloading activities at the port pool, delaying, and loading and unloading dangerous goods must obtain approval from the harbormaster. That the term delay in sailing means to hold, pull, push or stick. The formulation of the problem in this research is: how is the punishment for the captain who delays the voyage without the approval of the porter based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping, What are the obstacles faced by the judge in the implementation of punishment for the captain who delays the voyage without the approval of the porter based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping. This research method uses a normative juridical type of research, namely by reviewing/analyzing secondary data in the form of legal materials, especially primary legal materials and secondary legal materials by understanding law as a set of rules or positive norms in the legal system. an invitation that regulates human life. Results of research and data analysis: Criminal based on legal facts proven to meet the elements of Article 322, Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping, stated that the Defendant Noveriyanto Bin Sugiman, was legally and convincingly proven guilty of committing the crime of “The skipper who carried out delaying activities without the approval of the harbormaster, as in the third indictment. The verdict was imposed with cumulative sanctions with fines without imprisonment, this shows that the judge complies with positive law in force in Indonesia by using the legal basis in the form of Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping.
COVID-19 TANILI HASTALARDA TABURCULUK KRİTERİ DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNİN TEDAVİ SONUCU VE MALİYETE ETKİSİ
Authors: TÜRE Zeynep , SANCAR YETİKCAN Merve , KALIN ÜNÜVAR Gamze , CEVAHİR Fatma , YILDIZ Orhan , AYGEN Bilgehan
Published: January 2023

Haziran 2020 tarihinde normalleşme sürecine geçilmesi ile koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) tedavisi tamamlanan hastaların tedavi sonrası polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu testi negatifliği beklenmeden taburcu edilmesi kararı alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada uygulama öncesi ve uygulama sonrası birer aylık periyotlardaki hasta profili, hastanede yatış süresi ve maliyetin karşılaştırılması planlandı. 15 Haziran 2020 öncesi (birinci grup) ve sonrası (ikinci grup) birer aylık süreçlerde pandemi servisinde COVID-19 olası ve kesin tanısı ile takip edilen hastaların demografik verileri, ko-morbiditeleri, laboratuvar bulguları, tedavi, prognoz ve tedavi maliyetleri karşılaştırıldı. Çalışmaya birinci gruptan 46, ikinci gruptan 49 olmak üzere toplam 95 hasta dâhil edildi. Birinci grupta kesin vaka oranı %37 iken bu oran ikinci grupta %59’du (p=0.040).Kesin vaka tanımına uyan hastalarda birinci grubun hastanede yatış süresi ortancası ikinci gruba göre daha uzundu (Grup 1 için;10 (3-21), Grup 2 için; 6 (3-12) gün, p=0.003). İkinci gruptaki hastalarda COVID-19 ile uyumlu tipik tomografi bulgu oranı daha yüksekti (Grup 2 için %52 ve Grup 1 için%26, p=0.018). İlk grupta hidroksiklorokin ile tedavi oranı ikinci gruba göre daha yüksek iken (Grup 1 için %72 ve Grup 2 için %41, p=0.004) ikinci grupta favipiravir ile tedavi oranı daha fazla idi (Grup 2 için %55 ve Grup 1 için %17, p=0.001). Birinci grupta tedavi maliyeti ortancası 2798 (661-45465) TürkLirası(TL), ikinci grupta ise 1627 (748-4496) TL idi (p=0.001). COVID-19 tanılı hastaların tedavi sonrası izolasyon sürelerini hastane dışında tamamlaması hastane maliyetinin azaltılması açısından anlamlıdır.
HEMŞİRELERİN COVID-19 SALGINI SIRASINDA YAŞAM BİÇİMİ DAVRANIŞLARI: BİR ÜNİVERSİTE HASTANESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: HEPOKUR Şeyma Nur , AYDIN AKBUĞA Gökçen , ÖZTAŞ Gülay , TEZCAN Fethiye
Published: January 2023

Araştırma, pandemi döneminde hemşirelerin yaşam biçimi davranış değişikliklerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tanımlayıcı türdeki araştırma Nisan-Mayıs 2021 tarihleri arasında, Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi’nde 227 hemşirenin katılımıyla yapılmıştır. Veriler ‘Tanıtıcı Bilgiler Formu’ ve “Yaşam Biçimiyle İlgili Davranış Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ANOVA testi, Mann Whitney-U testi, Kruskal Wallis-H testi ve Bonferroni düzeltmeli Mann Whitney-U Post-Hoc testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerin %81.9’u kadın, %44.9’u evli, %64.3’ü lisans mezunu, %30.4’ü yoğun bakım servislerinde çalışmaktadır. Hemşirelerin %37’si COVID-19 tanısı almıştır. Çalışma sonucuna göre, hemşirelerin hem sağlıklı hem sağlıksız beslenmeleri artmış, endişe ve stresleri artmış, sosyal destekleri artmış ve fiziksel aktivite ve zararlı alışkanlık davranışlarında değişiklik olmamıştır. İleri yaştakilerin daha genç yaştakilere göre, çalışma yılı 11 yıl ve üzeri olanların daha kısa süre olanlara göre, evlilerin bekarlara göre ve COVID-19 geçirenlerin geçirmeyenlere göre beslenme davranışlarındaki olumlu yöndeki değişim daha fazla bulunmuştur. COVID-19 geçirenlerin sosyal destek algısında artış daha belirgindir. COVID-19, acil, dahili ve cerrahi servislerinde çalışanların sağlıksız beslenmeleri artmış ve fiziksel aktiviteleri azalmıştır. Sağlık kurumları tarafından hemşirelerde olumlu yaşam biçimi davranış değişikliği desteklenmelidir. Hemşirelerin yaşam biçimi davranışlarındaki eğilimin olumlu yönde olmasına önem verilmelidir.
Targeting Viral ORF3a Protein: A New Approach to Mitigate COVID-19 Induced Immune Cell Apoptosis and Associated Respiratory Complications
Authors: Treeza M Minu , Augustine Sanu , Mathew Aparna Ann , Kanthlal S.K. , Panonummal Rajitha
Published: January 2023

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is a growing concern to the global well-being of the public at present. Different amino acid mutations alter the biological and epidemiological characteristics, as well as immune resistance of SARS-CoV-2. The virus-induced pulmonary impairment and inflammatory cytokine storm are directly related to its clinical manifestations. But, the fundamental mechanisms of inflammatory responses are found to be the reason for the death of immune cells which render the host immune system failure. Apoptosis of immune cells is one of the most common forms of programmed cell death induced by the virus for its survival and virulence property. ORF3a, a SARS-CoV-2 accessory viral protein, induces apoptosis in host cells and suppress the defense mechanism. This suggests, inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a protein is a good therapeutic strategy for the treatment in COVID-19 infection by promoting the host immune defense mechanism.
O que Pode Existir de Novo na Legitimidade Ativa das Associações Civis para a Propositura de Ações Coletivas? Uma Análise Crítica dos PL’s 4.441/20 e 4.778/20
Authors: Vieira Debora
Published: January 2023

Este artigo analisa as possíveis mudanças propostas pelos Projetos de Lei 4.441/20 e 4.778/20 quanto à legitimidade das associações civis para a propositura de ações coletivas, apresentando argumentos que demonstram que tais previsões podem restringir e prejudicar a atuação desses legitimados, ao invés de qualificá-la.
(Im)possibilidade da Realização de Negócio Jurídico Processual Sobre a Remessa Necessária
Authors: Magalhães da Silva Eduardo Philipe , Leone Meilyng
Published: January 2023

O artigo aborda a temática da realização de negócios jurídicos processuais pela ótica da Fazenda Pública. Com o advento do Código de Processo Civil de 2015, a discussão doutrinária sobre de negócios jurídicos processuais ganhou novos contornos, tendo em vista que, agora, o ordenamento pátrio dispunha de um diploma que desenhou os contornos dessa possibilidade. A partir desse arranjo jurídico, os sujeitos do processo encontraram mais segurança e previsibilidade na realização de negócios de cunho processual. À Fazenda Pública, quando parte no processo, também foi aberta a possibilidade de realizar negócios jurídicos processuais. A discussão aqui enfrentada trata da possibilidade, ou não, de realização de negócio jurídico processual sobre a remessa necessária.
O Dilema da Decisão de Saneamento e Organização do Processo e o Costume da Especificação de Provas no Processo Civil Brasileiro
Authors: Lemos Vinicius Silva , Araújo José Henrique Mouta
Published: January 2023

Este artigo versa sobre a decisão de saneamento e organização do processo, com uma análise desde a sua construção no CPC/2015 até as suas peculiaridades e inovações, com o intuito de delinear as evoluções e melhorias, como a maneira de construção em cooperação entre o juiz e as partes, diante da negociação, saneamento compartilhado em audiência ou a revisão da decisão, além do gargalo de sua ainda pouca utilização na práxis, apesar de sua importância sobre a interligação com a fase probatória e a prolação da sentença de mérito.
From Formula to Form: “Territoires de l'oubli” by Tristan Murail
Authors: Баталов Дмитрий Андреевич
Published: January 2023

В творчестве Тристана Мюрая сильна преемственная связь как с музыкой Листа, так и с наследием французских композиторов, по-новому претворивших черты листовского пианизма, — Дебюсси, Равеля, Мессиана. В «Территориях забвения» Мюрай исследует, как совместить возможности рояля со спектральным методом сочинения, осуществить эффект инструментального или даже компьютерного синтеза, выстроить крупную форму. Отправной точкой для формирования аналитического ракурса становится феномен спектрального рояля, суть которого — в обнаружении и раскрытии новой природы инструмента. Свой аналитический метод автор формирует, опираясь в том числе на слушательский и исполнительский опыт, и в особенности на тактильное восприятие. В качестве ключевой структурной единицы фактуры выделен слой, базовая фактурная модель названа формулой. Цикл, объединяющий исходную формулу со всеми производными, автор обозначает как форманту, опираясь на исследования музыкальной акустики и теоретические работы Пьера Булеза.

Tristan Murail's work has a strong connection both with Liszt's music and with the legacy of French composers who have transformed the features of Liszt's pianism in a new way-Debussy, Ravel, Messiaen. In “Territoires de l'oubli,” Murail explores how to combine the possibilities of the piano with the spectral method of composition, to realize the effect of instrumental or even computer synthesis, and to build up a large form. The starting point for the formation of the analytical perspective becomes the phenomenon of the spectral piano, the essence of which is the discovery and disclosure of the new nature of the instrument. The author makes his analytical method based on listening and performing experience, and especially on tactile perception. The layer is singled out as the key structural unit of the texture, and the basic texture model is called a formula. The author denotes the cycle uniting the original formula with all its derivatives as a formant, based on the research of musical acoustics and theoretical works of Pierre Boulez.