bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Visual Attention Patterns and Identification Accuracy of Adults With Aphasia for Grids and Visual Scene Displays
Authors: Thiessen Amber , Brown Jessica , Basinger Melanie
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

We compared the degree of cognitive processing needed by people with aphasia to identify themes depicted in grids and visual scene displays (VSDs). We also compared the accuracy of theme identification for both display types.

Method:

Eye-tracking technology was employed to measure the visual processing patterns of 21 adults with aphasia when interpreting themes presented through grids and VSDs. Additionally, we assessed theme identification accuracy by having participants select themes from four choices after viewing each display.

Results:

Participants more rapidly identified VSDs than grid displays, and VSDs required fewer visual fixations to process than grids. No significant differences were noted between grids and VSDs for theme identification accuracy; however, results indicate a ceiling effect for the variable, as participant accuracy levels were nearly 100% for both display conditions.

Conclusions:

Results from this study add to a growing body of evidence supporting the use of VSDs for adults with aphasia. Both display types were accurately identified; however, VSDs were processed more efficiently than grids indicating that both display types may prove effective for people with aphasia; however, VSDs may require less cognitive effort to effectively use than grid displays.
Error Characteristics Lend Specificity to Nonword Repetition Performance in Children Who Stutter With and Without Concomitant Disorders
Authors: Gerwin Katelyn L. , Walsh Bridget , Christ Sharon L.
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

In our earlier study, we found that overall accuracy on nonword repetition (NWR) lacked the specificity to differentiate among groups of children who stutter (CWS) with and without concomitant speech sound and/or language disorders and children who do not stutter (CWNS). The aim of this study was to determine whether NWR error characteristics distinguish these groups of children with different speech sound production and language abilities yielding insight into the deficits underlying poorer performance.

Method:

Participants were 141 children (88 CWS, 53 CWNS). CWS were divided into subgroups based on the presence or absence of concomitant speech sound and language disorders. Children completed an NWR task composed of one- to four-syllable nonwords. Error types included omissions, substitutions, and migrations. Error location was documented across the syllables of the longest, four-syllable nonwords and within each syllable (onset, nucleus, and coda) for all nonwords.

Results:

We found that error patterns characterized groups' NWR performance. Specifically, CWS groups made more errors on syllable onsets, more errors on the first and fourth syllable of the four-syllable nonwords, and more substitution errors than CWNS. CWS with concomitant speech sound and/or language disorders made more omission errors than CWNS and CWS with typical speech sound and language abilities. CWS with both a speech sound and language disorder made more migration errors than all other groups.

Conclusions:

Using a data-driven framework derived from prior empirical investigations of NWR errors, this study demonstrated that error characteristics enhance the specificity of NWR by distinguishing groups of CWS with and without concomitant speech sound and language deficits. These error patterns also provide a window into the processes underlying NWR performance in CWS.
Working With Struggling Mid-Elementary Readers and Writers: A Protocol for Speech-Language Pathologists Based on Reading Fluency and Writing/Reading Integration
Authors: Scott Cheryl M.
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

This clinical focus article describes a literacy intervention protocol developed for mid-elementary students struggling with reading and writing. This clinical focus article begins with a discussion of the clinical questions and reasoning behind the choice of two major targets that include (a) improved reading fluency and (b) improved writing (spelling and composition) when integrated with reading. Extant research and expert opinion supporting each target are summarized. The protocol was implemented by a speech-language pathologist (SLP) with three third-grade students in a series of seven procedural steps described in detail. Clinician and teacher observations of student behaviors during protocol implementation and potential explanations are discussed.

Conclusions:

Although SLPs are encouraged to take on literacy intervention and the literature is robust with applicable research, there is less discussion of exactly how to approach intervention with older struggling readers who have both reading and writing needs. This clinical focus article illustrates how the marriage of clinical reasoning/experience and research can shape the choice of targets and step-by-step procedures to reduce this practice gap. SLPs are encouraged to consider whether the protocol holds promise for addressing literacy needs of students on their caseloads.
Integrating deep learning and traditional image enhancement techniques for underwater image enhancement
Authors: Shi Zhenghao , Wang Yongli , Zhou Zhaorun , Ren Wenqi
Published: July 2022

Underwater images usually suffer from colour distortion, blur, and low contrast, which hinder the subsequent processing of underwater information. To address these problems, this paper proposes a novel approach for single underwater images enhancement by integrating data‐driven deep learning and hand‐crafted image enhancement techniques. First, a statistical analysis is made on the average deviation of each channel of input underwater images to that of its corresponding ground truths, and it is found that both the red channel and the green channel of an underwater image contribute to its colour distortion. Concretely, the red channel of an underwater image is usually seriously attenuated, and the green channel is usually over strengthened. Motivated by such an observation, an attention mechanism guided residual module for underwater image colour correction is proposed, where the colour of the red channel of the underwater image and that of the green channel is compensated in a different way, respectively. Coupled with an attention mechanism, the residual module can adaptively extract and integrate the most discriminative features for colour correction. For scene contrast enhancement and scene deblurring, the traditional image enhancement techniques such as CLAHE (contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization) and Gamma correction are coupled with a multi‐scale convolutional neural network (MSCNN), where CLAHE and Gamma correction are used as complement to deal with the complex and changeable underwater imaging environment. Experiments on synthetic and real underwater images demonstrate that the proposed method performs favourably against the state‐of‐the‐art underwater image enhancement methods.
A collaborative planning methodology of energy stations and energy networks in integrated energy system
Authors: Zhang Hanlin , Zhou Suyang , Gu Wei , Liu Zhong , Zhan Xin , Liu Hengmen
Published: July 2022

Investments in the energy networks will significantly influence the outcome of Integrated Energy System (IES) planning. It is difficult to optimally plan the energy stations and energy networks of IES while taking into consideration the energy network investments. Thus, a collaborative planning methodology is proposed for energy stations and energy networks containing multiple energy carriers, which can optimize both the capacity of the energy devices and networks and the topology of the energy networks. The linearization for the energy storage devices and electric air conditioning models, as well as the second‐order relaxation for the power grid and gas network models are implemented, and the optimization model is subsequently transformed into a mixed‐integer second‐order cone programming (MISOCP) form which can be directly solved by the commercial solvers. Numerical analysis is carried out to prove the effectiveness of the proposed model and method and the results show that energy networks with optimal topology can significantly improve the energy utilization efficiency of the system and reduce the total cost. In addition, the investment cost of the energy networks plays a decisive role in the network topology as well as the way how the energy is supplied to energy stations.
High-zUniverse probed via Lensing by QSOs (HULQ)
Authors: Taak Y. C. , Im M. , Kim Y. , Hyun M. , Paek I.
Published: July 2022

Galaxies and their central supermassive black holes are known to coevolve, but the physical background for this is unknown as of yet. The High-zUniverse probed via Lensing by QSOs (HULQ) project aims to investigate this coevolution by using quasi-stellar object (QSO) host galaxies acting as gravitational lenses (QSO lenses). We present the results of the spectroscopic observation of the first QSO lens candidate from the HULQ project, HULQ J0002+0239, which consists of a QSO host galaxy atzd = 1.455 and four seemingly lensed objects in a cross-like configuration. Deep optical spectra of two of the possibly lensed objects withz ∼ 24.5 mag were obtained with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph on the Gemini North Telescope. Their spectra reveal that the objects are newly discovered galaxies atz = 0.29 andz = 1.11, and we conclude that HULQ J0002+0239 is not a QSO lens. Our QSO lens search results are so far in agreement with the predicted number of QSO lenses, and we discuss how the future investigation of additional QSO lens candidates could tell us more about the evolution of the black hole mass and host galaxy scaling relations.
The χeff − z correlation of field binary black hole mergers and how 3G gravitational-wave detectors can constrain it
Authors: Bavera Simone S. , Fishbach Maya , Zevin Michael , Zapartas Emmanouil , Fragos Tassos
Published: July 2022

Understanding the origin of merging binary black holes is currently one of the most pressing quests in astrophysics. We show that if isolated binary evolution dominates the formation mechanism of merging binary black holes, one should expect a correlation between the effective spin parameter, χeff, and the redshift of the merger, z, of binary black holes. This correlation comes from tidal spin-up systems preferentially forming and merging at higher redshifts due to the combination of weaker orbital expansion from low metallicity stars given their reduced wind mass loss rate, delayed expansion and have smaller maximal radii during the supergiant phase compared to stars at higher metallicity. As a result, these tightly bound systems merge with short inspiral times. Given our fiducial model of isolated binary evolution, we show that the origin of a χeff − z correlation in the detectable LIGO–Virgo binary black hole population is different from the intrinsic population, which will become accessible only in the future by third-generation gravitational-wave detectors such as Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer. Given the limited horizon of current gravitational-wave detectors, z ≲ 1, highly rotating black hole mergers in the LIGO–Virgo observed χeff − z correlation are dominated by those formed through chemically homogeneous evolution. This is in contrast to the subpopulation of highly rotating black holes in the intrinsic population, which is dominated by tidal spin up following a common evolve event. The different subchannel mixture in the intrinsic and detected population is a direct consequence of detector selection effects, which allows for the typically more massive black holes formed through chemically homogeneous evolution to be observable at larger redshifts and dominate the LIGO–Virgo sample of spinning binary black holes from isolated evolution at z >  0.4. Finally, we compare our model predictions with population predictions based on the current catalog of binary black hole mergers and find that current data favor a positive correlation of χeff − z as predicted by our model of isolated binary evolution.
Ein nicht enden wollender Entwicklungsprozess – Die ePA und
ihre Nutzung im Sinne der Forschung
Authors: Herbert Frank
Published: July 2022

Die elektronische Patientenakte (ePA) – kein gesundheitspolitisches Vorhaben
ist mit so viel Verve implementiert worden und in kaum ein anderes digitales Projekt
wurde von Seiten des Gesundheitsministeriums so viel Geld und Zeit gesteckt. Neben
der Aussicht, dass die Gesundheitsversorgung durch die ePA grundsätzlich
smarter und ökonomischer wird, soll sich die Akte auch als Datenpool
etablieren, der den Akteuren im System nicht nur als „Diagnose- und
Informationsplattform“ zur Verfügung steht. Wie die Politik und die
Krankenkassen setzen auch wissenschaftliche Fakultäten große
Hoffnungen in die Datenspeicherung. Nach jetzigem Stand ist die Vorfreude allerdings
getrübt und eine Datennutzung im Sinne der Forschung dürfte mit
Hindernissen verbunden sein.
Therapeutic Effects of Manual Therapy on Lateral Epicondylitis: A
Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Rachold Wolfgang , Reis Olaf , Berger Christoph , Buchmann Johannes
Published: July 2022

Background Epicondylopathia humeri radialis is often diagnosed by general
practitioners. Usually, the therapy comprises transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation using a forearm brace. Manual therapy, performed by specialised
physiotherapists, is prescribed before transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation and forearm brace use. However, studies comparing the effectiveness
of all methods are scarce.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of manual therapy,
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and forearm brace use, as well as
the combination of all three.

Methods Fifty-two patients diagnosed with epicondylopathia humeri radialis
were randomised into three treatment arms: a combination of manual therapy,
transcutaneous nerve stimulation, and forearm brace use (n=19); manual
therapy only (n=18); and a combination of forearm brace use and
transcutaneous nerve stimulation (n=15). All measurements and therapies,
excluding manual therapy, were performed at the first author’s practice
premises. The primary outcomes included range of motion and pain intensity; the
secondary outcomes were elbow function and psychological well-being. Primary and
secondary outcomes were measured before and at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment
using the Patient Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire and the Short Form
Health Survey Questionnaire.

Results The range of motion and pain intensity did not differ among the
groups.

Conclusion Manual therapy alone was as effective as the combination of
transcutaneous nerve stimulation and forearm brace use for epicondylopathia
humeri radialis. Our findings support the inclusion of manual therapy as a
stand-alone therapy option in the guidelines for treating patients with
epicondylopathia humeri radialis.
Nasal breathing is superior to oral breathing when performing and undergoing transnasal endoscopy: a randomized trial
Authors: Takahashi Keitaro , Murakami Yuki , Sasaki Takahiro , Ueno Nobuhiro , Tachibana Shion , Ikeda Junpei , Ishigaki Kenichi , Horiuchi Masashi , Yoshida Moe , Uehara Kyoko , Kobayashi Yu , Sugiyama Yuya , Kunogi Takehito , Muto Mizue , Ando Katsuyoshi , Muto Momotaro , Kashima Shin , Moriichi Kentaro , Tanabe Hiroki , Yanagawa Nobuyuki , Harada Kazumichi , Teramoto Takashi , Okumura Toshikatsu , Fujiya Mikihiro
Published: July 2022

Background Transnasal endoscopy presents a technical difficulty when inserting the flexible endoscope. It is unclear whether a particular breathing method is useful for transnasal endoscopy. Therefore, we conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to compare endoscopic operability and patient tolerance between patients assigned to nasal breathing or oral breathing groups.

Methods 198 eligible patients were randomly assigned to undergo transnasal endoscopy with nasal breathing or with oral breathing. Endoscopists and patients answered questionnaires on the endoscopic operability and patient tolerance using a 100-mm visual analog scale ranging from 0 (non-existent) to 100 (most difficult/unbearable). The visibility of the upper-middle pharynx was recorded.

Results Patient characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups. Nasal breathing showed a higher rate of good visibility of the upper-middle pharynx than oral breathing (91.9 % vs. 27.6 %; P < 0.001). Nasal breathing showed lower mean [SD] scores than oral breathing in terms of overall technical difficulty (21.0 [11.4] vs. 35.4 [15.0]; P < 0.001). Regarding patient tolerance, nasal breathing showed lower scores than oral breathing for overall discomfort (22.1 [18.8] vs. 30.5 [20.9]; P = 0.004) and other symptoms, including nasal and throat pain, choking, suffocating, gagging, belching, and bloating (all P < 0.05). The pharyngeal bleeding rate was lower in the nasal breathing group than in the oral breathing group (0 % vs. 9.2 %; P = 0.002).

Conclusions Nasal breathing is superior to oral breathing for those performing and undergoing transnasal endoscopy. Nasal breathing led to good visibility of the upper-middle pharynx, improved endoscopic operability, and better patient tolerance, and was safer owing to decreased pharyngeal bleeding.
Surgical Approaches in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Matar Hosam E. , Bloch Benjamin V. , Platt Simon R. , James Peter J.
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to provide an overview of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of surgical approaches in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), summarizing the available high-quality evidence. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed the electronic searches in January 2021. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2021, Issue 1), Ovid MEDLINE (including e-pub ahead of print, in-process, and other non-indexed citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily, Ovid MEDLINE and Versions) (1946–January 20, 2021), and Embase (1980–January 20, 2021). We limited our search to English language literature. We excluded nonrandomized trials, trials on neck of femur fractures or revision surgery, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Trials that met our inclusion criteria were assessed using a binary outcome measure of whether they reported statistically significant findings. These were then classified according to the intervention groups. A total of 72 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The total number of patients in those trials was 6,728. Only five RCTs (5.9%) reported significant differences between the intervention and the control groups. The largest subgroup of trials was minimally invasive versus standard techniques (18 RCTs) with no significant differences. Standard (lateral, posterior) approaches were compared in 23 RCTs with only 1 RCT reporting significant differences. Thirteen RCTs evaluated mini-incisions, with only 1 RCT reporting significant differences, and the remaining 18 RCTs evaluated variations of surgical approaches and interventions, with 3 RCTs reporting significant differences. The evidence reviewed indicates that for the vast majority of patients, a standard THA approach familiar to the surgeon leads to comparable outcomes. Level of evidence is II.
Right to Health and Gender-Affirmative Procedure in the Transgender Persons Act 2019 in India
Authors: Jain Dipika
Published: July 2022

The Transgender Persons Act, 2019 mandates that the government ensures medical facilities provide care to transgender persons (including for gender-affirmative procedures) and review medical curricula to address the health needs of transgender persons. However, despite the enactment of the law, many transgender and gender-variant persons in India struggle to access essential health care services. Legal provisions on health care strip them of their right to self-determination by setting up complex bureaucratic processes for the legal recognition of gender identity. In this article, I critically examine the health care provisions in the Act and the lack of efficient legal criteria for gender-affirming procedures, as well as the basic flaws in the medicalized model of legal recognition of trans persons' gender identity, which not only characterize the Act but also have serious implications for its implementation across the country.
A Case of Malignant Pericardial Effusion, Complicated by COVID-19: Challenges and Successful Management in Rural India
Authors: Ravikiran B. , Jayashree N.P. , Anup M.
Published: July 2022

Background Malignant pericardial effusion (MPE) is a rare presentation in cancer, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Pericardial effusion may cause cardiac tamponade and sudden death without timely intervention. Management of MPE in rural setting during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic would require a multidisciplinary team in a center with expertise and could be a challenge in rural India with limited resources.

Methods Here we present a case of MPE of unknown origin in a 40-year-old woman, complicated by COVID-19 infection, which was successfully managed in a rural health setting in southern India.

Results She was subjected to prompt pericardiocentesis to relieve symptoms and dose-dense palliative chemotherapy followed by metronomic chemotherapy and pro-anakoinosis therapy during COVID-19 home isolation. She currently has no evidence of disease and is tolerating treatment well.

Conclusion Complex oncological emergencies like MPE of unknown origin can be managed in rural setting in India, with a slight modification of existing facility resulting in successful outcomes. This case of MPE in a 40-year-old lady is a glaring example of how the same can be achieved. Principle of pro-anakoinosis can be of value not only during pandemics and lockdowns but also otherwise, the feasibility of which has to be elucidated in larger studies.
Noninvasive Algorithms for the Case Finding of “At-Risk” Patients with NAFLD
Authors: Castera Laurent , Boursier Jérôme
Published: July 2022

Despite the high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in primary care (25%), only a small minority (< 5%) of NAFLD patients will develop advanced liver fibrosis. The challenge is to identify these patients, who are at the greatest risk of developing complications and need to be referred to liver clinics for specialized management. The focus should change from patients with abnormal liver tests toward patients “at risk of NAFLD,” namely those with metabolic risk factors, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Non-invasive tests are well validated for diagnosing advanced fibrosis. Algorithms using FIB-4 as the first-line test, followed, if positive (≥ 1.3), by transient elastography or a patented blood test are the best strategy to define pathways for “at-risk” NAFLD patients from primary care to liver clinics. Involving general practitioners actively and raising their awareness regarding NAFLD and non-invasive tests are critical to establish such pathways.
Dermatofibrosarcoma: Case Report Series
Authors: Gotama Oki P.
Published: July 2022

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon, painless, slow-growth, superficial soft tissue malignant sarcoma corresponding to less than 0.1% of all malignancies. The primary treatment for DFSP is surgical excision, which is wide local excision (WLE) with tumor-free margins, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), and partial or total amputation. The goal of surgical excision is to achieve negative resection margins, thus reducing the local recurrence rate. These three cases reported large dermatofibrosarcoma, which began as a small nodule and progressed within approximately a year and were treated subsequently with wide excisions surgery. The unique and challenging part for most surgeons is removing the mass with a concentric excision due to its specific growth pattern. To achieve negative resection margins, the width of the tumor-free margins and infiltrating depth are two essential factors to be considered for complete excision for both WLE and MMS surgical techniques. Adjuvant therapy, including radiotherapy and targeted therapy, is reserved for unresectable, advanced stage, or recurrent tumors.
Particle motion in the ocean helps determine what fish can hear
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: July 2022

Fish and invertebrates don’t hear as well as expected.
The quantum ♮α-Rényi divergence of real order
Authors: Seo Yuki
Published: July 2022

There are many proposals for defining a quantum version of the Rényi divergence on the differentiable manifold P of positive definite matrices. The geodesic connecting two points on P is a weighted matrix geometric mean, and its tangent vector is the relative operator entropy. It is a natural idea to use the relative operator entropy to describe the difference between two points on P. The quantum version of the classical results of Rényi divergence does not always hold due to its non-commutativity. Due to this difficulty, we use the upper bound and the lower one of the spectrum of positive definite matrices to estimate the order relation between quantum divergences, which is called the Mond Pečarić method in operator theory. In this paper, we show fundamental properties of the ♮α-Rényi divergence of real order α∈R, including monotonicity of order, the relation of max- and min-divergence, data processing inequality, bound estimates, and convexity. We also estimate the difference without the α–z-Rényi divergence and ♮α-Rényi divergence in terms of the generalized Kantorovich constant and the Specht ratio.
Generalized spin-boson models with non-normalizable form factors
Authors: Lonigro Davide
Published: July 2022

Generalized spin-boson (GSB) models describe the interaction between a quantum mechanical system and a structured boson environment, mediated by a family of coupling functions known as form factors. We propose an extension of the class of GSB models, which can accommodate non-normalizable form factors provided that they satisfy a weaker growth constraint, thus accounting for a rigorous description of a wider range of physical scenarios; we also show that such “singular” GSB models can be rigorously approximated by GSB models with normalizable form factors. Furthermore, we discuss in greater detail the structure of the spin-boson model with a rotating wave approximation: for this model, the result is improved via a nonperturbative approach that enables us to further extend the class of admissible form factors as well as to compute its resolvent and characterize its self-adjointness domain.
A grid-adaptive simulation model for turbulent flow predictions
Authors: Wang Guangyu , Liu Yangwei
Published: July 2022

Hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and large eddy simulation (LES) methods, abbreviated as hybrid RANS-LES, have been rapidly developed and increasingly used for predicting complex turbulent flows. In this study, a new high-fidelity hybrid RANS-LES strategy that modifies the turbulent viscosity equation using the ratio of grid length scale to turbulent integral length scale based on the Kolmogorov energy spectrum, termed the grid-adaptive simulation (GAS) model, is proposed to achieve high accuracy for turbulent flows using different grid resolutions. Using the shear-stress transport (SST) k–ω model as the baseline turbulence model, the GAS-SST model is validated by predicting three typical turbulent flows with coarse and fine meshes, including periodic hill flow, circular cylinder flow, and simplified tip leakage flow. As a reference, the scale-adaptive simulation (SAS) and delayed detached-eddy simulation (DDES) models are also employed to predict the above three turbulent flows. Solutions of GAS-SST, SAS-SST, and DDES-SST are compared against the high-fidelity data from the experiments or LES solutions. Detailed comparisons show that the GAS-SST model could achieve high accuracy with different grid resolutions for all three validation cases, which means that the GAS model has strong grid-adaptive ability. The results predicted by the GAS-SST model using coarse meshes are usually much more in agreement with the high-fidelity data than those predicted by SAS-SST and DDES-SST models. The GAS model demonstrates the potential to address the accuracy and computational efficiency requirements for predicting turbulent flows.
The circular hydraulic jump; the influence of downstream flow on the jump radius
Authors: Bhagat Rajesh K. , Linden Paul F.
Published: July 2022

In this study, we examine the consistency of a gravity-based predictive theory for a hydraulic jump, given by Kurihara [Proceedings of the Report of the Research Institute for Fluid Engineering (Kyusyu Imperial University, 1946), Vol. 3, pp. 11–33]; Tani [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 4, 212–215 (1949)] with the phenomenological condition at the jump given by Rayleigh [Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 90, 324–328 (1914)]; and Watson [J. Fluid Mech. 20, 481–499 (1964)] and show that in light of experimental evidence, the gravity-based predictive theory for the kitchen sink hydraulic jump is incompatible with the phenomenological condition, which must be valid. We also examine the solution to the downstream film and its potential influence on the hydraulic jump. We show that for all practical purposes, at normal flow conditions, the downstream liquid film remains flat and does not affect the jump, and the theory given by Bhagat et al. [J. Fluid Mech. 851, R5 (2018)] gives an excellent prediction of the jump radius. For high viscosity liquids, on a relatively large plate, the viscous dissipation in the downstream film could increase the jump height and, consequently, move the jump radius inward.
Label free deep penetration single photon microscopic imaging with ultralong anti-diffracting beam
Authors: Guo Yong , Han Hongyi , Wang Luwei , Zhu Yinru , Gao Xinwei , Yang Zhigang , Weng Xiaoyu , Yan Wei , Qu Junle
Published: July 2022

Label free single photon microscopic imaging has natural advantages in noninvasive in vivo tissue imaging such as high resolution and rapid imaging speed. Although label free multi-photon microscopy can be used for imaging thick tissue samples, it requires high excitation light power and is phototoxic to the samples. Conventional label free single photon microscopy requires lower excitation light power, but it has limited imaging depth. Observing some highly scattering thick tissue samples with single photon microscopy is a great challenge. To solve the problem, we developed a label free deep penetration single photon microscopic imaging technique with an ultralong anti-diffracting (UAD) beam. The penetrating ability of the UAD beam was verified by passing through turbid media and performed with autofluorescence of chloroplasts in fresh Epipremnum aureum leaves. Benefiting from the anti-diffracting properties and the elongated focal depth of the UAD beam, single photon UAD microscopy has deeper penetration depth and better anti-scattering ability and is one of the ideal methods to observe the deep structure of biological samples.
Path integral molecular dynamics for thermodynamics and Green’s function of ultracold spinor bosons
Authors: Yu Yongle , Liu Shujuan , Xiong Hongwei , Xiong Yunuo
Published: July 2022

Most recently, the path integral molecular dynamics has been successfully used to consider the thermodynamics of single-component identical bosons and fermions. In this work, the path integral molecular dynamics is developed to simulate thermodynamics, Green’s function, and momentum distribution of two-component bosons in three dimensions. As an example of our general method, we consider the thermodynamics of up to 16 bosons in a three-dimensional harmonic trap. For noninteracting spinor bosons, our simulation shows a bump in the heat capacity. As the repulsive interaction strength increases, however, we find the gradual disappearance of the bump in the heat capacity. We believe that this simulation result can be tested by ultracold spinor bosons with optical lattices and magnetic-field Feshbach resonance to tune the inter-particle interaction. We also calculate Green’s function and momentum distribution of spinor bosons. Our work facilitates the exact numerical simulation of spinor bosons, whose property is one of the major problems in ultracold Bose gases.
Exercise and motivational text messaging to support physical activity behaviour change in a population with obstructive sleep apnoea: a feasibility study
Authors: Rhodes Sarah , Waters Debra , Brockway Ben , Skinner Margot
Published: July 2022

Introduction Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) commonly present in primary care. Increasing physical activity reduces symptoms and severity of OSA. Low motivation is a barrier to physical activity in adults with OSA. Aim To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of an exercise and personalised text messaging programme to enhance motivation and support physical activity behaviour change in adults with OSA. Methods Participants were recruited from the local Sleep Clinic. Exclusion criteria were unstable angina, and/or poorly controlled hypertension. The intervention comprised three groups, who received either individual exercise prescription, personalised text messages or both over a 24-week period. Participants were allocated to one of the three groups. The primary outcome was feasibility of study design including participant recruitment and retention. Secondary outcomes were a change in 6-min walk distance and exercise self-efficacy over time. Results Thirty participants were recruited, 17 male and 13 female, with a mean age of 54.6 years. The study design appears feasible and the outcome measures used were acceptable to participants. Recruitment and retention rates were lower than anticipated. A trend towards increased functional exercise capacity was identified in all three groups, along with a corresponding increase in exercise self-efficacy over time. Discussion Exercise and personalised text messaging both appear to offer an acceptable and feasible means to increase physical activity in adults with OSA. A larger scale trial may provide justification for physiotherapist input to support patients with OSA to address physical inactivity.
Population dynamics and dietary habits of monkey goby (
Authors: Didenko Alexander , Buzevych Igor , Volikov Yuriy , Gurbyk Alexander , Kruzhylina Svitlana , Bekh Vitaliy
Published: July 2022

Context Various aspects of the monkey goby (Neogobius fluviatilis) biology were studied but mainly in native marine and invaded freshwater bodies; however, in Ukraine, this species can be considered native in many freshwaters. Aim To investigate the population dynamics and dietary habits of N. fluviatilis in a freshwater habitat in its native range. Methods Samples were collected monthly in 2015–2016 and 2018 in a river flowing into the Kaniv reservoir (Dnieper River). Key results Goby abundance varied during a year and between years, depending on water temperature. Young of the year started appearing in June and reached the size of adult fish in October. N. fluviatilis had multiple spawnings occurring from May to August. Altogether, 70 taxa of prey organisms composed its diet, among which the most abundant prey were chironomids (57.7% in number). The diet of N. fluviatilis showed a clear ontogenetic shift from the consumption of benthic microcrustaceans to chironomids. Conclusions N. fluviatilis fed predominantly on prey inhabiting non-vegetated sand and mud substrate. The opportunistic feeding strategy, combined with time-expanded multiple spawnings, can facilitate the successive invasion and establishment of this species in new environments. Implications The obtained results can be used to predict the impact of N. fluviatilis on ecosystems in newly invaded areas.
Morphological and molecular evidence refute a broad circumscription for
Authors: Renner Matthew A. M. , Barrett Russell L. , Clarke Steve , Clugston James A. R. , Wilson Trevor C. , Weston Peter H.
Published: July 2022

Morphological and single-nucleotide polymorphism data support splitting Pultenaea glabra Benth. into eight species, including one in Victoria, and seven in eastern and northern New South Wales. Six species are newly described, five of which are, like P. glabra, narrow-range endemics within the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area and adjacent sandstone landforms of the Great Dividing Range. The recognition of six new species from what was broadly P. glabra has implications for conservation management, including for P. glabra itself, which has a smaller distribution and more precise habitat requirements than previously thought. One of the new species, P. percussa, is known by a single 1971 gathering only. The occurrence of several narrow-range Blue Mountains endemic Pultenaea species may be explained by the combination of edaphic diversity and topographic complexity, which could act in concert to promote divergences among small, allopatric populations. Hybrids between P. glabra and P. flexilis Sm. are documented for the first time; however, limited evidence for introgression between the two species was observed. The following new taxa are described: Pultenaea aculeata M.A.M.Renner, P.H.Weston & S.Clarke, Pultenaea percussa M.A.M.Renner & P.H.Weston, Pultenaea furcata M.A.M.Renner & R.L.Barrett, Pultenaea mutabilis M.A.M.Renner & P.H.Weston, Pultenaea mutabilis var. angusta M.A.M.Renner, P.H.Weston, & S.Clarke, Pultenaea praecipua M.A.M.Renner & P.H.Weston, Pultenaea praecipua subsp. temperata M.A.M.Renner & R.L.Barrett, and Pultenaea tenebrosa M.A.M.Renner, P.H.Weston & S.Clarke. Lectotypes are designated for Pultenaea villosa var. glabrescens Benth. and Pultenaea weindorferi Reader.
Nuclear-localized, iron-bound superoxide dismutase-2 antagonizes epithelial lineage programs to promote stemness of breast cancer cells via a histone demethylase activity
Authors: Coelho Diego R. , Palma Flavio R. , Paviani Veronica , He Chenxia , Danes Jeanne M. , Huang Yunping , Calado Juliana C. P. , Hart Peter C. , Furdui Cristina M. , Poole Leslie B. , Schipma Matthew J. , Bonini Marcelo G.
Published: July 2022

The dichotomous behavior of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) in cancer biology has long been acknowledged and more recently linked to different posttranslational forms of the enzyme. However, a distinctive activity underlying its tumor-promoting function is yet to be described. Here, we report that acetylation, one of such posttranslational modifications (PTMs), increases SOD2 affinity for iron, effectively changing the biochemical function of this enzyme from that of an antioxidant to a demethylase. Acetylated, iron-bound SOD2 localizes to the nucleus, promoting stem cell gene expression via removal of suppressive epigenetic marks such as H3K9me3 and H3K927me3. Particularly, H3K9me3 was specifically removed from regulatory regions upstream of Nanog and Oct-4, two pluripotency factors involved in cancer stem cell reprogramming. Phenotypically, cells expressing nucleus-targeted SOD2 (NLS-SOD2) have increased clonogenicity and metastatic potential. FeSOD2 operating as H3 demethylase requires H
2
O
2
as substrate, which unlike cofactors of canonical demethylases (i.e., oxygen and 2-oxoglutarate), is more abundant in tumor cells than in normal tissue. Therefore, our results indicate that FeSOD2 is a demethylase with unique activities and functions in the promotion of cancer evolution toward metastatic phenotypes.
In situ spectroelectrochemical probing of CO redox landscape on copper single-crystal surfaces
Authors: Shao Feng , Wong Jun Kit , Low Qi Hang , Iannuzzi Marcella , Li Jingguo , Lan Jinggang
Published: July 2022

Electrochemical reduction of CO(2)to value-added chemicals and fuels is a promising strategy to sustain pressing renewable energy demands and to address climate change issues. Direct observation of reaction intermediates during the CO(2)reduction reaction will contribute to mechanistic understandings and thus promote the design of catalysts with the desired activity, selectivity, and stability. Herein, we combined in situ electrochemical shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics calculations to investigate the CORR process on Cu single-crystal surfaces in various electrolytes. Competing redox pathways and coexistent intermediates of CO adsorption (*COatopand *CObridge), dimerization (protonated dimer *HOCCOH and its dehydrated *CCO), oxidation (*CO2−and *CO32−), and hydrogenation (*CHO), as well as Cu-Oad/Cu-OHadspecies at Cu-electrolyte interfaces, were simultaneously identified using in situ spectroscopy and further confirmed with isotope-labeling experiments. With AIMD simulations, we report accurate vibrational frequency assignments of these intermediates based on the calculated vibrational density of states and reveal the corresponding species in the electrochemical CO redox landscape on Cu surfaces. Our findings provide direct insights into key intermediates during the CO(2)RR and offer a full-spectroscopic tool (40–4,000 cm−1) for future mechanistic studies.
Anomalous metals: From “failed superconductor” to “failed insulator”
Authors: Zhang Xinyang , Palevski Alexander , Kapitulnik Aharon
Published: July 2022

Resistivity saturation is found on both superconducting and insulating sides of an “avoided” magnetic-field-tuned superconductor-to-insulator transition (H-SIT) in a two-dimensional In/InOxcomposite, where the anomalous metallic behavior cuts off conductivity or resistivity divergence in the zero-temperature limit. The granular morphology of the material implies a system of Josephson junctions (JJs) with a broad distribution of Josephson couplingEJand charging energyEC, with an H-SIT determined by the competition betweenEJandEC. By virtue of self-duality across the true H-SIT, we invoke macroscopic quantum tunneling effects to explain the temperature-independent resistance where the “failed superconductor” side is a consequence of phase fluctuations and the “failed insulator” side results from charge fluctuations. While true self-duality is lost in the avoided transition, its vestiges are argued to persist, owing to the incipient duality of the percolative nature of the dissipative path in the underlying random JJ system.
Pathogenic autoantibodies to IFN-γ act through the impedance of receptor assembly and Fc-mediated response
Authors: Shih Han-Po , Ding Jing-Ya , Sotolongo Bellón Junel , Lo Yu-Fang , Chung Pei-Han , Ting He-Ting , Peng Jhan-Jie , Wu Tsai-Yi , Lin Chia-Hao , Lo Chia-Chi , Lin You-Ning , Yeh Chun-Fu , Chen Jiun-Bo , Wu Ting-Shu , Liu Yuag-Meng , Kuo Chen-Yen , Wang Shang-Yu , Tu Kun-Hua , Ng Chau Yee , Lei Wei-Te , Tsai Yu-Huan , Chen Jou-Han , Chuang Ya-Ting , Huang Jing-Yi , Rey Félix A. , Chen Hung-Kai , Chang Tse-Wen , Piehler Jacob , Chi Chih-Yu , Ku Cheng-Lung
Published: July 2022

Anti-interferon (IFN)–γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) are a pathogenic factor in late-onset immunodeficiency with disseminated mycobacterial and other opportunistic infections. AIGAs block IFN-γ function, but their effects on IFN-γ signaling are unknown. Using a single-cell capture method, we isolated 19 IFN-γ–reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from patients with AIGAs. All displayed high-affinity (KD < 10−9 M) binding to IFN-γ, but only eight neutralized IFN-γ–STAT1 signaling and HLA-DR expression. Signal blockade and binding affinity were correlated and attributed to somatic hypermutations. Cross-competition assays identified three nonoverlapping binding sites (I–III) for AIGAs on IFN-γ. We found that site I mAb neutralized IFN-γ by blocking its binding to IFN-γR1. Site II and III mAbs bound the receptor-bound IFN-γ on the cell surface, abolishing IFN-γR1–IFN-γR2 heterodimerization and preventing downstream signaling. Site III mAbs mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, probably through antibody–IFN-γ complexes on cells. Pathogenic AIGAs underlie mycobacterial infections by the dual blockade of IFN-γ signaling and by eliminating IFN-γ–responsive cells.
Comparison between t-SNE and cosine similarity for LIGO glitches analysis
Authors: Ferreira Tabata Aira , Costa Cesar Augusto
Published: July 2022

The first direct detection of gravitational waves brought not just another proof of Einstein’s theory of general relativity but also different questions about the discovery, and new branches of scientific studies have arisen. The Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), the experiment that performed such detections, has two observatories, one in Hanford-WA and another in Livingston-LA, and operates as a Michelson–Morley interferometer with 4 km-long arms. Each observatory can measure variations in its arm lengths which are 10 000 times smaller than a proton diameter. Because LIGO has such a high sensitivity to length changes, many noise sources such as environmental effects, instrumental misbehavior, and human activities may also interfere. Studying these local intrusions, which we generically call glitches, remains a big challenge for LIGO Scientific Collaboration since they can mimic gravitational waves, polluting the data and decreasing the statistical significance of a signal. This paper compares two methods of glitch classification for nine classes by using glitchgrams. A glitchgram is constructed using only Omicron triggers and represents an event in the time, frequency, and signal-to-noise ratio space. The first method uses the cosine similarity, and the second uses support vector machine (SVM) from an application of t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, an unsupervised machine learning technique. The results from each method are compared with Gravity Spy classifications.
Black hole perturbations in higher-order scalar–tensor theories: initial value problem and dynamical stability
Authors: Nakashi Keisuke , Kimura Masashi , Motohashi Hayato , Takahashi Kazufumi
Published: July 2022

We propose a physically sensible formulation of initial value problem for black hole perturbations in higher-order scalar–tensor theories. As a first application, we study monopole perturbations around stealth Schwarzschild solutions in a shift- and reflection-symmetric subclass of degenerate higher-order scalar–tensor (DHOST) theories. In particular, we investigate the time evolution of the monopole perturbations by solving a two-dimensional wave equation and analyze the Vishveshwara’s classical scattering experiment, i.e., the time evolution of a Gaussian wave packet. As a result, we confirm that stealth Schwarzschild solutions in the DHOST theory are dynamically stable against the monopole perturbations with the wavelength comparable or shorter than the size of the black hole horizon. We also find that the damped oscillations at the late time do not show up unlike the ringdown phase in the standard case of general relativity. Moreover, we investigate the characteristic curves of the monopole perturbations as well as a static spherically symmetric solution with monopole hair.
Large-area patterning for broadband, quasi-omnidirectional low-reflectance glass
Authors: Jennings Brian D , Gatensby Riley , Giraud Elsa C , Selkirk Andrew , Husain Mir Sajjad , Mokarian-Tabari Parvaneh
Published: July 2022

A method for producing large-area, broadband, quasi-omnidirectional low-reflectivity glass surfaces is presented. Using block copolymer patterning and inductively coupled plasma etching, near-periodic arrays of pillars are formed in glass. The patterned surface has reflectivity

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0.5%—almost an order of magnitude smaller than plain glass—with a bandwidth of ∼300 nm. Substrates etched on both sides transmit

>

99.5% across the wavelength range 850–1200 nm, with

>

99% down to λ = 650 nm. The process is demonstrated on a 5 cm diameter fused silica wafer and high transmittance is maintained up to at least 70∘ incidence. The resulting substrates might find application as lab optics (windows, lenses, etc) display screens for televisions, computers, phones, and as encapsulants for optoelectronic devices.