bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structures, Interactions and Activity of the N-Terminal Truncated Variants of Antimicrobial Peptide Thanatin
Authors: Abdullah Swaleeha Jaan , Mu Yuguang , Bhattacharjya Surajit
Published: January 2024

Gram-negative bacteria are intrinsically more resistant to many frontline antibiotics, which is attributed to the permeability barrier of the outer membrane, drug efflux pumps and porins. Consequently, discovery of new small molecules antibiotics to kill drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria presents a significant challenge. Thanatin, a 21-residue insect-derived antimicrobial peptide, is known for its potent activity against Enterobacter Gram-negative bacteria, including drug-resistant strains. Here, we investigated a 15-residue N-terminal truncated analog PM15 (P1IIYCNRRTGKCQRM15) of thanatin to determine modes of action and antibacterial activity. PM15 and the P1 to Y and A substituted variants PM15Y and PM15A delineated interactions and permeabilization of the LPS–outer membrane. In antibacterial assays, PM15 and the analogs showed growth inhibition of strains of Gram-negative bacteria that is largely dependent on the composition of the culture media. Atomic-resolution structures of PM15 and PM15Y in free solution and in complex with LPS micelle exhibited persistent β-hairpin structures similar to native thanatin. However, in complex with LPS, the structures of peptides are more compact, with extensive packing interactions among residues across the two anti-parallel strands of the β-hairpin. The docked complex of PM15/LPS revealed a parallel orientation of the peptide that may be sustained by potential ionic and van der Waals interactions with the lipid A moiety of LPS. Further, PM15 and PM15Y bind to LptAm, a monomeric functional variant of LptA, the periplasmic component of the seven-protein (A-G) complex involved in LPS transport. Taken together, the structures, target interactions and antibacterial effect of PM15 presented in the current study could be useful in designing thanatin-based peptide analogs.
Selection of Optimal Segmentation Algorithm for Satellite Images by Intuitionistic Fuzzy PROMETHEE Method
Authors: Janusonis Edgaras , Kazakeviciute-Januskeviciene Giruta , Bausys Romualdas
Published: January 2024

The combination of MCDM and fuzzy sets offers new potential ways to solve the challenges posed by complex image contents, such as selecting the optimal segmentation algorithm or evaluating the segmentation quality based on various parameters. Since no single segmentation algorithm can achieve the best results on satellite image datasets, it is essential to determine the most appropriate segmentation algorithm for each satellite image, the content of which can be characterized by relevant visual features. In this research, we proposed a set of visual criteria representing the fundamental aspects of satellite image segmentation. The segmentation algorithms chosen for testing were evaluated for their performance against each criterion. We introduced a new method to create a decision matrix for each image using fuzzy fusion, which combines the image content vector and the evaluation matrix of the studied segmentation algorithms. An extension of the Preference Ranking Organization Method Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) using intuitive fuzzy sets (IFSs) was applied to solve this problem. The results acquired by the proposed methodology were validated by comparing them with those obtained in expert ratings and by performing a sensitivity analysis.
Analysis of Technical Condition of Cars in Western Poland: A Study Based on Selected Indicators
Authors: Obst Maciej , Glowinski Sebastian , Kurpisz Dariusz
Published: January 2024

(1) Background: Ensuring road user safety relies on the optimal technical condition of cars, addressing both active and passive safety measures. In Poland, vehicle regulations, articulated in the Minister of Infrastructure’s decree of 31 December 2002, establish technical prerequisites and necessary equipment. For this purpose, the main question was: What is the current technical condition of cars on the road in Western Poland? (2) Methods: A total of 1067 vehicles were tested, reflecting a maximum error of 3% in a population of 20 million cars. Tests were conducted at the diagnostic station from 1 October 2022 to 30 September 2023. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATISTICA software. (3) Results: Periodic technical tests yield insights into passenger car safety standards in western Poland. The application of formulated characteristics allows a comprehensive evaluation, providing valuable information on the overall safety condition of inspected vehicles. The vehicles in Poland have an average age exceeding 14 years, and their average mileage is 168,000 km. (4) Conclusions: The examination uncovered various technical defects and provided statistical interpretations, unequivocally demonstrating that these identified issues have the potential to impact traffic safety. Such studies act as a reference point for other researchers addressing the broader issue of road traffic.
Comparison of Quality of Porous Structure Specimens Produced by Different Additive Technologies and from Different Materials
Authors: Tkac Jozef , Toth Teodor , Mizera Ondrej , Molnar Vieroslav , Fedorko Gabriel , Dovica Miroslav
Published: January 2024

Lattice and gyroid structures are often subjected to additive technologies to produce various types of products, and the current market has a number of 3D printers that can be used for their production. The quality of the products produced in this way can be assessed on the basis of technical parameters and the filament used. Such an approach, however, is insufficient. In terms of quality, other product parameters need to be assessed, such as the surface texture and the internal structure’s porosity. For such an assessment, we can use the industrial tomography method and the method of roughness measurement via an optical microscope. The paper presents research on the assessment of the surface texture and porosity in lattice and gyroid structures. For the research, two types of test specimens—a specimen with a lattice structure and a specimen with a gyroid structure—were prepared. The obtained results proved that the 3D printing technology directly impacted the surface texture and porosity. For experimental specimens produced by SLS technology, we found that it was very important to carefully remove the excess powder, as unremoved powder can significantly affect the porosity results. For specimens produced by FDM technology, the research confirmed that some “gaps” between the layers were not pores but defects created during specimen production. When analyzing the surface using the Alicon Infinite G5 optical microscope, we found that the measured roughness results were directly impacted by the specimen’s surface color, the structure’s geometry, and the ambient light, which was confirmed by a red lattice experimental specimen, the surface of which could not be scanned. Based on the above, it can be stated that the selection of 3D technology for additive production needs must be given adequate attention regarding the quality of the created structures and textures.
Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Parameters of FDM- and SLA-Printed ABS Materials
Authors: Hozdić Elvis
Published: January 2024

This research paper provides an in-depth examination of the mechanical characteristics of 3D-printed specimens made from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and resins akin to ABS, with a focus on two widely used 3D printing methodologies: fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA). The study investigates how variations in 3D printing technology and infill density impact mechanical parameters such as Young’s modulus, tensile strength, strain, nominal strain at break, maximum displacement, and maximum force at break. Tensile testing was conducted to assess these critical parameters. The results indicate distinct differences in mechanical performance between FDM- and SLA-printed specimens, with SLA consistently showing superior mechanical parameters, especially in terms of tensile strength, displacement, and Young’s modulus. SLA-printed specimens at 30% infill density exhibited a 38.11% increase in average tensile strength compared to FDM counterparts and at 100% infill density, a 39.57% increase was observed. The average maximum displacement for SLA specimens at 30% infill density showed a 14.96% increase and at 100% infill density, a 30.32% increase was observed compared to FDM specimens. Additionally, the average Young’s modulus for SLA specimens at 30% infill density increased by 17.89% and at 100% infill density, a 13.48% increase was observed, highlighting the superior mechanical properties of SLA-printed ABS-like resin materials. In tensile testing, FDM-printed specimens with 30% infill density showed an average strain of 2.16% and at 100% infill density, a slightly higher deformation of 3.1% was recorded. Conversely, SLA-printed specimens at 30% infill density exhibited a strain of 2.24% and at 100% infill density, a higher strain value of 4.15% was observed. The comparison suggests that increasing the infill density in FDM does not significantly improve deformation resistance, while in SLA, it leads to a substantial increase in deformation, raising questions about the practicality of higher infill densities. The testing data underscore the impact of infill density on the average nominal strain at break, revealing improved performance in FDM and significant strain endurance in SLA. The study concludes that SLA technology offers clear advantages, making it a promising option for producing ABS and ABS-like resin materials with enhanced mechanical properties.
Yeast-Based Magnetic Biocomposite for Efficient Sorption of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Staroń Paweł , Chwastowski Jarosław
Published: January 2024

The study aimed to prepare a biocomposite containing Yarrowia lipolytica yeast cells with magnetic properties. The work proposes the use of this biocomposite as a sorbent for the removal of organic pollutants like methylene blue from liquids. The sorption process was conducted in a periodic process through which different parameters were analyzed such as initial concentration (50–250 mg/dm3), time of the process (0.167–24 h), and temperature (25–40 °C). To fit the experimental data to theoretical models, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models were used. In addition, pseudo-first-rate, pseudo-second-rate order, Weber–Morris and Elovich kinetic models were evaluated. The highest fit was the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.9959 and ARE = 3.41%) and the pseudo-second-rate order model (R2 = 0.9989 and ARE = 1.14%). It has been shown that the process of removing methylene blue using a biocomposite is exothermic and its usefulness decreases with an increase in temperature (from 32.10 mg/g to 23.64 mg/g). To acquire information about the material characteristics, different instrumental methods were applied: FTIR, SEM-EDX, TGA, and VSM. This study provides new information on the possibility of using composites made of biochar, yeast, and magnetic particles in the process of removing dyes from an aqueous environment. The obtained biocomposite is effective in removing contaminants and is easily separated after the performed process.
Application of an Electromagnetic Field for Extending the Shelf-Life of Not from Concentrate (NFC) Apple Juice
Authors: Kosiński Jakub , Cywińska-Antonik Magdalena , Szczepańska-Stolarczyk Justyna , Jasińska Urszula T. , Woźniak Łukasz , Kaniewska Beata , Marszałek Krystian
Published: January 2024

The research material consisted of not from concentrate (NFC) apple juice, which underwent innovative processes of spray deaeration and flow microwave pasteurization. Traditional commercially available pasteurization was the control. Deaeration was conducted at two different temperatures (25 °C and 50 °C) and three rotational speeds of the spray disc (150 rpm, 450 rpm, 750 rpm). Flow microwave pasteurization was carried out at 90 °C with a flow rate of 5.8 L/min. Deaeration at a temperature of 25 °C and a rotation speed of 150 rpm resulted in a significant reduction in oxygen levels in the juice to 0.9 mg/L. Microwave pasteurization led to an almost 100% reduction in oxidoreductases activity (PPO, POD). Immediately after the process, microwave-pasteurized juice exhibited better stability of the total polyphenol content, with a TPC of 73.8 mg/100 mL. Microwave pasteurization caused a threefold increase in antioxidant capacity (176.8 µM/100 mL) compared to fresh juice. The color of microwave-pasteurized juice was more appealing than that of traditionally pasteurized juice.
Data Processing and Sample Size Determination Approaches to Developing South Korea’s Destruction and Removal Efficiencies of the Semiconductor and Display Industry
Authors: Kang Seongmin , Woo Jiyun , Jeon Eui-chan , Lee Joohee , Min Daekee
Published: January 2024

Aiming to serve as a preliminary study for South Korea’s national GHG emission factor development, this study reviewed data treatment and sample size determination approaches to establishing the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of the semiconductor and display industry. We used field-measured DRE data to identify the optimal sample size that can secure representativeness by employing the coefficient of variation and stratified sampling. Although outlier removal is often a key process in the development of field-based coefficients, it has been underexplored how different outlier treatment options could be useful when data availability is limited. In our analysis, three possible outlier treatment cases were considered: no treatment (using data with outliers as they are) (Case 1), outlier removal (Case 2), and adjustment of outliers to extreme values (Case 3). The results of the sample size calculation showed that a minimum of 17 and a maximum of 337 data (out of a total of 2968 scrubbers) were required for determining a CF4 gas factor and that a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 45 data (out of a total of 2917 scrubbers) were required for determining a CHF3 gas factor. Our findings suggest that (a) outlier treatment can be useful when the coefficient of variation lacks information from relevant data, and (b) the CV method with outlier adjustment (Case 3) can provide the closest result to the sample size resulting from the stratified sampling method with relevant characteristics considered.
A Biomechanical Evaluation of the Upper Limb Kinematic Parameters of the Throwing Action in Handball: A Case Study
Authors: Marin Mihnea Ion , Robert Salome , Sakizlian Robert Eduard , Rusu Ligia , Rusu Robert Mihai
Published: January 2024

Handball is a team sport that involves fourteen players who are attempting to score more goals than their opponent within two thirty-minute halves. A biomechanical analysis based on measuring the kinematics of jump throws could provide us with information on the ball’s velocity, the maximal internal rotation of the trunk, and the trunk’s flexion, as well as the angular velocity of the ball during shoulder rotation. The main aim of this study was to determine the wrist velocity during jump throws and standing throws without a run-up. The trunk, arm rotation, and wrist velocity will influence the speed of the ball during throwing. This case study included a senior-grade male handball player aged 18.75 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 25.5. The biomechanical evaluation was carried out using a three-dimensional Vicon system. The biomechanical analysis consisted of an evaluation of angular trunk velocity, angular arm rotation velocity, and wrist velocity during two types of throwing: jump throws and standing throws without a run-up. The data were recorded for standing throws without a run-up (S1) and jump throws (S2). For each situation, we measured two phases due to the great variation in the kinematic parameters. Phase 1 (F1) occurred when the elbow angle was 90°, up to the moment when the wrist had an inflection of its trajectory, and Phase 2 (F2) finished when the wrist’s velocity reached its maximum. The results regarding the angular velocity of the trunk torsion showed a high value of this parameter during Phase F2 compared to Phase F1 for both types of throws (S1 and S2). The angular velocity of the arm rotation achieved its maximum value in F2 during S2, and the wrist velocity was highest during Phases F2 and S2. The correlation analysis demonstrated that there was a good correlation between the angular velocity of the trunk torsion and the angular velocity of the arm rotation for S1 in Phase F1; however, in Phase F2, we found a good correlation between the angular velocity of the trunk torsion and wrist velocity. For S2, we found that in Phase F1, there was a good correlation between the angular velocity of the trunk torsion and wrist velocity; however, for Phase F2, there was a good correlation between the angular velocity of the arm’s rotation and wrist velocity. Therefore, the results from this case study indicate that the wrist velocity is influenced by the other two kinematic parameters, especially the angular velocity of the arm’s rotation. This means that the development of explosive force in the muscles of the trunk and arm could improve the wrist’s velocity and also increase the optimization of throwing in handball.
Research on Excavation Method for Soft Rock Tunnel Based on Stress Release Rate
Authors: Nie Jincheng , He Chuan , Kou Hao , Liu Fuhua , Yang Wenbo
Published: January 2024

A test method for controlling the stress release rate of the tunnel by adjusting the confining pressure is proposed based on the engineering background of Dongmachang No. 1 Tunnel of Huali Expressway to explore a suitable excavation method of soft rock tunnel. Based on the relationship between stress release rate, displacement release rate, and longitudinal advance of excavation face, the model test of tunnel excavation is carried out. On this basis, combined with the horizontal loading test and field monitoring results, the influence of three excavation methods, the three-bench method, three-bench with reserved core soil method, and three-bench seven-step method, on the mechanical behavior of the tunnel is studied. The research shows that the load shared by the double-layer initial support is not equal, and the second-layer initial support only bears 20% of the pressure of the first-layer initial support; replacing the three-bench method with the three-bench core soil method and the three-bench seven-step method can reduce the deformation of the surrounding rock by 8.7~12.4%, and the load borne by the supporting structure is transferred from the second layer to the first layer. In order to take into account the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction, it is recommended to use the three-bench core soil method for excavation. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the construction of related tunnel projects.
MVMSGAT: Integrating Multiview, Multi-Scale Graph Convolutional Networks with Biological Prior Knowledge for Predicting Bladder Cancer Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Luo Xu , Chen Xiaoqing , Yao Yu
Published: January 2024

The incidence of bladder cancer is on the rise, and its molecular heterogeneity presents significant challenges for personalized cancer therapy. Transcriptome data can characterize the variability among patients. Traditional machine-learning methods often struggle with high-dimensional genomic data, falling into the ’curse of dimensionality’. To address this challenge, we have developed MVMSGAT, an innovative predictive model tailored for forecasting responses to neoadjuvant therapy in bladder cancer patients. MVMSGAT significantly enhances model performance by incorporating multi-perspective biological prior knowledge. It initially utilizes the Boruta algorithm to select key genes from transcriptome data, subsequently constructing a comprehensive graph of gene co-expression and protein–protein interactions. MVMSGAT further employs a graph convolutional neural network to integrate this information within a multiview knowledge graph, amalgamating biological knowledge maps from various scales using an attention mechanism. For validation, MVMSGAT was tested using a five-fold cross-validation approach on two specific GEO datasets, GSE169455 and GSE69795, involving a total of 210 bladder cancer samples. MVMSGAT demonstrated superior performance, with the following metrics (mean ± standard deviation): AUC-ROC of 0.8724±0.0511, accuracy of 0.7789±0.068, F1 score of 0.8529±0.0338, and recall of 0.9231±0.0719. These results underscore the potential of MVMSGAT in advancing personalized treatment and precision medicine in bladder cancer.
Correction of Thermal Errors in Machine Tools by a Hybrid Model Approach
Authors: Friedrich Christian , Geist Alexander , Yaqoob Muhammad Faisal , Hellmich Arvid , Ihlenfeldt Steffen
Published: January 2024

Thermally induced position errors are one of the main error sources on the workpiece caused by the behavior of the machine tool. In today’s industrial environment, the correction of thermal errors is usually based on simple regression approaches, where the characteristic diagrams for correction are generated experimentally. The performance of these approaches is only valid for the corresponding load regimes, which often results in insufficient correction quality in practical applications. Consequently, there is only a limited benefit or even a deterioration in machine behavior if the correction characteristic is based on an inapplicable load case compared to the initial experiment. Simulation-generated characteristic diagrams using finite element models solve this disadvantage, but do not answer the question about the choice of the right characteristic matching the current load situation, and, in addition, calculate very slowly. Structural model-based correction using reduced models, on the other hand, calculates quickly, but requires a high modeling effort for accurate correction. The approach, presented in this contribution, combines simulation-generated characteristic diagrams and a structural model-based decision algorithm for a new hybrid model in order to select the appropriate characteristic diagram for the present load situation in the control system. This paper presents the simulative characteristic diagram generation by a finite element model validated by experiments in a climate chamber and a validated structural model including the concept for the decision algorithm.
The Effects of Intermittent Hypoxic Training on Anaerobic Performance in Young Men
Authors: Maciejczyk Marcin , Palka Tomasz , Wiecek Magdalena , Masel Sebastian , Szygula Zbigniew
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) on anaerobic performance in young, untrained men. Young men (n = 48) were randomly divided into two training groups and a control group. The training groups performed the same submaximal interval training (three times a week for 4 weeks) in normoxia (200 m asl) or in hypoxia (IHT) (FIO2 = 14.4%). The workloads for the interval training corresponded to the intensity of the ventilatory thresholds determined in a graded test. Participants performed a supramaximal all-out sprint test in normoxia twice: before and after the training. Significant improvement in both absolute peak power (p < 0.001; ES = 0.34) and relative peak power (p < 0.001; ES = 0.54) was noted after IHT. Similar changes were not observed either after training in normoxia (p = 0.14 and p = 0.26, for absolute and relative peak power, respectively) or in the control group (p = 0.34 and p = 0.51, for absolute and relative peak power, respectively). Compared to baseline, there were no significant changes in the absolute and relative mean power of either group after training. Intermittent hypoxic training in young, untrained men can be effective in improving their peak power, but does not significantly affect their mean power.
Cochlear Implantation in Children Affected by Single-Sided Deafness: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Santopietro Giuseppe , Fancello Virginia , Fancello Giuseppe , Bianchini Chiara , Pelucchi Stefano , Ciorba Andrea
Published: January 2024

Children with single-sided deafness (SSD) may experience delays in language and speech development. Reduced speech discrimination and poor sound localization abilities in young SSD patients may result in greater cognitive efforts required to focus and process auditory information, as well as increased listening-related fatigue. Consequently, these children can have a higher risk of academic failure and are often in need of extra help at school. Recently, cochlear implants (CIs) have been introduced as a rehabilitative option for these children, but their effectiveness is still a topic of debate. A literature review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, searching the Medline database from inception to October 2023. The research identified nine papers that met the inclusion criteria. Data extracted from the selected studies included 311 children affected by SSD and cochlear implants. The reported audiological outcomes were further analyzed. Overall, a high level of satisfaction was described by parents of children with SSD and CI, and those who received a CI under the age of 3 presented better results. However, a proportion of patients did not use the device daily. Our review highlights the possible, and still controversial, role of CI for the hearing rehabilitation of children with unilateral deafness, underlining the need for further research in this field. To date, careful and comprehensive counseling with the child and the family is necessary before considering this option.
A Review of CYP-Mediated Drug Interactions: Mechanisms and In Vitro Drug-Drug Interaction Assessment
Authors: Lee Jonghwa , Beers Jessica L. , Geffert Raeanne M. , Jackson Klarissa D.
Published: January 2024

Drug metabolism is a major determinant of drug concentrations in the body. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) caused by the co-administration of multiple drugs can lead to alteration in the exposure of the victim drug, raising safety or effectiveness concerns. Assessment of the DDI potential starts with in vitro experiments to determine kinetic parameters and identify risks associated with the use of comedication that can inform future clinical studies. The diverse range of experimental models and techniques has significantly contributed to the examination of potential DDIs. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are responsible for the biotransformation of many drugs on the market, making them frequently implicated in drug metabolism and DDIs. Consequently, there has been a growing focus on the assessment of DDI risk for CYPs. This review article provides mechanistic insights underlying CYP inhibition/induction and an overview of the in vitro assessment of CYP-mediated DDIs.
Altered Expression of Intestinal Tight Junction Proteins in Heart Failure Patients with Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Pathogenetic Mechanism of Intestinal Hyperpermeability
Authors: Koufou Eleni-Evangelia , Assimakopoulos Stelios F. , Bosgana Pinelopi , de Lastic Anne-Lise , Grypari Ioanna-Maria , Georgopoulou Georgia-Andriana , Antonopoulou Stefania , Mouzaki Athanasia , Kourea Helen P. , Thomopoulos Konstantinos , Davlouros Periklis
Published: January 2024

Although intestinal microbiota alterations (dysbiosis) have been described in heart failure (HF) patients, the possible mechanisms of intestinal barrier dysfunction leading to endotoxemia and systemic inflammation are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of the intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins occludin and claudin-1 in patients with HF with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and their possible association with systemic endotoxemia and inflammation. Ten healthy controls and twenty-eight patients with HF (HFrEF (n = 14), HFpEF (n = 14)) underwent duodenal biopsy. Histological parameters were recorded, intraepithelial CD3+ T-cells and the expression of occludin and claudin-1 in enterocytes were examined using immunohistochemistry, circulating endotoxin concentrations were determined using ELISA, and concentrations of cytokines were determined using flow cytometry. Patients with HFrEF or HFpEF had significantly higher serum endotoxin concentrations (p < 0.001), a significantly decreased intestinal occludin and claudin-1 expression (in HfrEF p < 0.01 for occludin, p < 0.05 for claudin-1, in HfpEF p < 0.01 occludin and claudin-1), and significantly increased serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 (for IL-6 and IL-10, p < 0.05 for HFrEF and p < 0.001 for HFpEF; and for IL-8, p < 0.05 for both groups) compared to controls. Occludin and claudin-1 expression inversely correlated with systemic endotoxemia (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Heart failure, regardless of the type of ejection fraction, results in a significant decrease in enterocytic occludin and claudin-1 expression, which may represent an important cellular mechanism for the intestinal barrier dysfunction causing systemic endotoxemia and inflammatory response.
Transcutaneous Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation: An Adjuvant Treatment for Intractable Constipation in Children
Authors: Rego Rebeca Mayara Padilha , Machado Nilton Carlos , Carvalho Mary de Assis , Graffunder Johann Souza , Fraguas Crhistiano , Ortolan Erika Veruska Paiva , Lourenção Pedro Luiz Toledo de Arruda
Published: January 2024

Background: Functional constipation can lead to painful defecations, fecal incontinence, and abdominal pain, significantly affecting a child’s quality of life. Treatment options include non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches, but some cases are intractable and require alternative interventions like neuromodulation. A subtype of neuromodulation, called Transcutaneous Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation (TPTNS), comprises electrical stimulation at the ankle level, by means of electrodes fixed to the skin. TPTNS is a minimally invasive, easy-to-apply technique that can potentially improve constipation symptoms in the pediatric population by stimulating the sacral nerves. Aim: To evaluate the clinical results and applicability of TPTNS as an adjuvant treatment for children and adolescents with functional constipation. Methods: Between April 2019 and October 2021, 36 patients diagnosed with functional constipation according to the Rome IV Criteria were invited to participate in the study. The study followed a single-center, uncontrolled, prospective cohort design. Patients received TPTNS for 4 or 8 weeks, with assessments conducted immediately after the periods of TPTNS and 4 weeks after the end of the intervention period. The data normality distribution was determined by the Shapiro–Wilk test. The Wilcoxon test and Student’s t-test for paired samples were used to compare quantitative variables, and the McNemar test was used to compare categorical variables. Results: Of the 36 enrolled patients, 28 children and adolescents with intractable function constipation completed the study, receiving TPTNS for 4 weeks. Sixteen patients (57.1%) extended the intervention period for 4 extra weeks, receiving 8 weeks of intervention. TPTNS led to significant improvements in stool consistency, frequency of defecation, and bowel function scores, with a reduction in abdominal pain. Quality of life across physical and psychosocial domains showed substantial enhancements. The quality of life-related to bowel habits also improved significantly, particularly in lifestyle, behavior, and embarrassment domains. The positive effects of this intervention are seen relatively early, detected after 4 weeks of intervention, and even 4 weeks after the end of the intervention. TPTNS was well-tolerated, with an adherence rate of approximately 78%, and no adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: TPTNS is an adjuvant treatment for intractable functional constipation, improving bowel function and quality of life. The effects of TPTNS were observed relatively early and sustained even after treatment cessation.
Machine Learning for COVID-19 Determination Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Szymborski Tomasz R. , Berus Sylwia M. , Nowicka Ariadna B. , Słowiński Grzegorz , Kamińska Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

The rapid, low cost, and efficient detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, especially in clinical samples, remains a major challenge. A promising solution to this problem is the combination of a spectroscopic technique: surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with advanced chemometrics based on machine learning (ML) algorithms. In the present study, we conducted SERS investigations of saliva and nasopharyngeal swabs taken from a cohort of patients (saliva: 175; nasopharyngeal swabs: 114). Obtained SERS spectra were analyzed using a range of classifiers in which random forest (RF) achieved the best results, e.g., for saliva, the precision and recall equals 94.0% and 88.9%, respectively. The results demonstrate that even with a relatively small number of clinical samples, the combination of SERS and shallow machine learning can be used to identify SARS-CoV-2 virus in clinical practice.
Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Asthma Pathogenesis and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Škrgat Sabina , Harlander Matevž , Janić Miodrag
Published: January 2024

Common inflammatory ground links obesity, insulin resistance, and asthma. As recognition of their interplay, one worsening the natural course of the other, is recognised, questions remain about how to adequately address them altogether to improve clinical outcomes. The present manuscript sheds light on the problem, describing possible pathophysiological links, clinical views, and therapeutic challenges, raising questions about what remains to be done, and calling for multidisciplinary treatment of these patients to detect diseases early and adequately address them before they become full-blown and deteriorate their health and quality of life.
ZIF-67 Anchored on MoS2/rGO Heterostructure for Non-Enzymatic and Visible-Light-Sensitive Photoelectrochemical Biosensing
Authors: Fan Qiaolin , Li Xiao , Dong Hui , Ni Zhonghua , Hu Tao
Published: January 2024

Graphene and graphene-like two-dimensional layered nanomaterials-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors have recently grown rapidly in popularity thanks to their advantages of high sensitivity and low background signal, which have attracted tremendous attention in ultrahigh sensitive small molecule detection. This work proposes a non-enzymatic and visible-light-sensitive PEC biosensing platform based on ZIF-67@MoS2/rGO composite which is synthesized through a facile and one-step microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The combination of MoS2 and rGO could construct van der Waals heterostructures, which not only act as visible-light-active nanomaterials, but facilitate charge carriers transfer between the photoelectrode and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). ZIF-67 anchored on MoS2/rGO heterostructures provides large specific surface areas and a high proportion of catalytic sites, which cooperate with MoS2 nanosheets, realizing rapid and efficient enzyme-free electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. The ZIF-67@MoS2/rGO-modified GCE can realize the rapid and sensitive detection of glucose at low detection voltage, which exhibits a high sensitivity of 12.62 μAmM−1cm−2. Finally, the ZIF-67@MoS2/rGO PEC biosensor is developed by integrating the ZIF-67@MoS2/rGO with a screen-printed electrode (SPE), which exhibits a high sensitivity of 3.479 μAmM−1cm−2 and a low detection limit of 1.39 μM. The biosensor’s selectivity, stability, and repeatability are systematically investigated, and its practicability is evaluated by detecting clinical serum samples.
Nanophotonic Enhanced Chiral Sensing and Its Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Xue , Lu Xinchao , Huang Chengjun
Published: January 2024

Chiral sensing is crucial in the fields of biology and the pharmaceutical industry. Many naturally occurring biomolecules, i.e., amino acids, sugars, and nucleotides, are inherently chiral. Their enantiomers are strongly associated with the pharmacological effects of chiral drugs. Owing to the extremely weak chiral light–matter interactions, chiral sensing at an optical frequency is challenging, especially when trace amounts of molecules are involved. The nanophotonic platform allows for a stronger interaction between the chiral molecules and light to enhance chiral sensing. Here, we review the recent progress in nanophotonic-enhanced chiral sensing, with a focus on the superchiral near-field and enhanced circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy generated in both the dielectric and in plasmonic structures. In addition, the recent applications of chiral sensing in biomedical fields are discussed, including the detection and treatment of difficult diseases, i.e., Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and cancer.
Hematological Neoplasms with Eosinophilia
Authors: Morales-Camacho Rosario M. , Caballero-Velázquez Teresa , Borrero Juan José , Bernal Ricardo , Prats-Martín Concepción
Published: January 2024

Eosinophils in peripheral blood account for 0.3–5% of leukocytes, which is equivalent to 0.05–0.5 × 109/L. A count above 0.5 × 109/L is considered to indicate eosinophilia, while a count equal to or above 1.5 × 109/L is defined as hypereosinophilia. In bone marrow aspirate, eosinophilia is considered when eosinophils make up more than 6% of the total nuclear cells. In daily clinical practice, the most common causes of reactive eosinophilia are non-hematologic, whether they are non-neoplastic (allergic diseases, drugs, infections, or immunological diseases) or neoplastic (solid tumors). Eosinophilia that is associated with a hematological malignancy may be reactive or secondary to the production of eosinophilopoietic cytokines, and this is mainly seen in lymphoid neoplasms (Hodgkin lymphoma, mature T-cell neoplasms, lymphocytic variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome, and B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma). Eosinophilia that is associated with a hematological malignancy may also be neoplastic or primary, derived from the malignant clone, usually in myeloid neoplasms or with its origin in stem cells (myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions, acute myeloid leukemia with core binding factor translocations, mastocytosis, myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, and myelodysplastic neoplasms). There are no concrete data in standardized cytological and cytometric procedures that could predict whether eosinophilia is reactive or clonal. The verification is usually indirect, based on the categorization of the accompanying hematologic malignancy. This review focuses on the broad differential diagnosis of hematological malignancies with eosinophilia.
Increasing Al-Pair Abundance in SSZ-13 Zeolite via Zeolite Synthesis in the Presence of Alkaline Earth Metal Hydroxide Produces Hydrothermally Stable Co-, Cu- and Pd-SSZ-13 Materials
Authors: Khivantsev Konstantin , Derewinski Miroslaw A. , Kovarik Libor , Bowden Mark , Li Xiaohong Shari , Jaegers Nicholas R. , Boglaienko Daria , Pereira-Hernandez Xavier I. , Pearce Carolyn , Wang Yong , Szanyi Janos
Published: January 2024

Replacing alkaline for alkaline-earth metal hydroxide in the synthesis gel during the synthesis of siliceous SSZ-13 zeolite (Si/Al~10) yields SSZ-13 with novel, advantageous properties. Its NH4-form ion-exchanges higher amount of isolated divalent M(II) ions than the conventional one: this is the consequence of an increased number of Al pairs in the structure induced by the +2 charge of Sr(II) cations in the synthesis gel that force two charge-compensating AlO4− motives to reside closer together. We characterize the +2 state of Co(II) ions in these materials with infra-red spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements and show their utility for NOx pollutant adsorption from ambient air: the ones derived from SSZ-13 with higher Al pair content contain more isolated cobalt(II) and, thus, perform better as ambient-air NOx adsorbers. Notably, Co(II)/SSZ-13 with an increased number of Al pairs is significantly more hydrothermally stable than its NaOH-derived analogue. Loading Pd(II) into Co-SSZ-13(Sr) produces an active NOx adsorber (PNA) material that can be used for NOx adsorption from simulated diesel engine exhaust. The critical issue for these applications is hydrothermal stability of Pd-zeolites. Pd/SSZ-13 synthesized in the presence of Sr(OH)2 does not lose its PNA capacity after extremely harsh aging at 850 and 900 °C (10 h in 10% H2O/air flow) and loses only ~55% capacity after hydrothermal aging at 930 °C. This can be extended to other divalent metals for catalytic applications, such as copper: we show that Cu/SSZ-13 catalyst can survive hydrothermal aging at 920 °C without losing its catalytic properties, metal dispersion and crystalline structure. Thus, we provide a new, simple, and scalable strategy for making remarkably (hydro)thermally stable metal-zeolite materials/catalysts with a number of useful applications.
Ultradurable Pt-Based Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Ziting , Zhou Peng , Zhao Yuxin , Jiang Wenyue , Zhao Bingxin , Chen Xiaoshuang , Li Menggang
Published: January 2024

An oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the key half reaction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and is highly dependent on Pt-based nanocrystals as core electrocatalysts. Despite the exceptional ORR activity from adjusting the electronic structures of surface or near-surface atoms, several serious issues, including the corrosion of carbon supports, the preferential leaching of active metal elements, the instability of surface low-coordinated atoms and the sintering/agglomeration of nanocrystals, still exist, challenging the ORR durability of developed Pt-based ORR catalysts. From the point of view of the catalyst structure design, in this review, we summarized the state-of-the-art structural regulation strategies for improving the ORR durability of Pt-based catalysts. The current limitation of Pt-based binary catalysts for ORR electrocatalysis is firstly discussed, and the detailed strategies are further classified into the optimization of supports, metal-doped alloys, core/shell structures, intermetallics and high-entropy alloys, etc. The structure–performance relationship is detailedly explained, especially emphasizing the elimination of the above restrictions. Finally, the existing challenges and future research direction are further presented, aiming at practicing the PEMFC devices of the ultradurable Pt-based catalysts.
Low-Temperature Electrochemical Oxidation of Methane into Alcohols
Authors: Mehmood Adeel , Chae Sang Youn , Park Eun Duck
Published: January 2024

The direct oxidation of methane to methanol is considered challenging due to the intrinsically low reactivity of the C–H bond of methane and the formation of a large number of unstable intermediates (methanol, formaldehyde, and formic acid) relative to the yield of methane. However, promising advances have recently been reported in this area based on the use of electrochemical systems that differ from traditional thermal catalysis. In this review, the recent advances in direct and indirect electrochemical methane conversion with homogeneous catalysts are reviewed and discussed, especially under low-temperature conditions. Finally, the limitations of the current electrochemical methane conversion technology and future research directions are discussed.
Suitability of Ex Vivo-Expanded Microtic Perichondrocytes for Auricular Reconstruction
Authors: Jakob Yvonne , Kern Johann , Gvaramia David , Fisch Philipp , Magritz Ralph , Reutter Sven , Rotter Nicole
Published: January 2024

Tissue engineering (TE) techniques offer solutions for tissue regeneration but require large quantities of cells. For microtia patients, TE methods represent a unique opportunity for therapies with low donor-site morbidity and reliance on the surgeon’s individual expertise. Microtia-derived chondrocytes and perichondrocytes are considered a valuable cell source for autologous reconstruction of the pinna. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of perichondrocytes from microtia patients for autologous reconstruction in comparison to healthy perichondrocytes and microtia chondrocytes. Perichondrocytes were isolated via two different methods: explant culture and enzymatic digestion. The isolated cells were analyzed in vitro for their chondrogenic cell properties. We examined migration activity, colony-forming ability, expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers, and gene expression profile. We found that microtic perichondrocytes exhibit similar chondrogenic properties compared to chondrocytes in vitro. We investigated the behavior in three-dimensional cell cultures (spheroids and scaffold-based 3D cell cultures) and assessed the expression of cartilage-specific proteins via immunohistochemistry, e.g., collagen II, which was detected in all samples. Our results show that perichondrocytes from microtia patients are comparable to healthy perichondrocytes and chondrocytes in terms of chondrogenic cell properties and could therefore be a promising cell source for auricular reconstruction.
Ophthalmological Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Keep an Eye on It
Authors: Migliorisi Giulia , Vella Giovanna , Dal Buono Arianna , Gabbiadini Roberto , Busacca Anita , Loy Laura , Bezzio Cristina , Vinciguerra Paolo , Armuzzi Alessandro
Published: January 2024

Background and aims: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are multifactorial chronic inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract. However, a broad spectrum of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) is associated with IBD, affecting several organs and systems, such as the skin, musculoskeletal and hepatobiliary systems, and, not least, the eye. Approximately 10% of IBD patients can develop ocular EIMs (O-EIMs) with a higher prevalence in Crohn’s disease (CD). Eye-redness, photophobia, pain, and blurred vision are the common symptoms, with a wide rate of severity and clinical impact on the quality of life. This narrative review aims to summarize the prevalence, pathogenesis, and current evidence-based management of O-EIMs, underlying the importance of a holistic approach and specialties collaboration for a prompt diagnosis and treatment. Methods: PubMed was searched up to December 2023 to identify relevant studies investigating the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and treatment of O-EIMs in IBD patients. Results: The mechanisms underlying O-EIMs are partially unknown, encompassing immune dysregulation, shared antigens between the eye and the gut, genetic predisposition, and systemic inflammation driven by high levels of interleukins and cytokines in IBD patients. The complexity of O-EIMs’ pathogenesis reflects in the management of these conditions, varying from topical and systemic steroids to immunomodulatory molecules and biologic therapy, such as anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. A multidisciplinary approach is the backbone of the management of O-EIMs.