bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parliamentary Diplomacy of Taiwan in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Sabic Zlatko , Huang David
Published: January 2022

Parliamentary diplomacy has provided a crucial, promising outlet in Taiwan's challenging pursuit of its own interests in the international arena. This book assesses both the potentials and the constraints of parliamentary diplomacy for Taiwan. Through a comparative perspective, and using evidence from the relations of the Legislative Yuan in Taiwan with the US Congress and the European Parliament, the book investigates the implementation of parliamentary diplomacy in Taiwan and its impact in Taiwan's foreign policy. In the book's analysis, it draws vital lessons that will have important implications for other entities which have similar challenges and aspirations.
Smokehouses: The Art of Curing Meats
Authors: Byrd Kaitland M.
Published: January 2022

The process of curing meats began as a necessary way to preserve meat before the advent of refrigeration. Today, those same methods are practiced across Tennessee, Virginia, and North Carolina where preserving meats, especially ham, is an art form. However, despite the current financial success and popularity of select companies known for their hams, these families turned to curing meats because it was a way to make money in tight financial times. In a region known for its farming communities, cured hams and other specialty cuts of meat have survived changing agricultural and health codes without losing touch with the flavors and traditions that made these products unique.
Conclusion: The Future of Southern Food
Authors: Byrd Kaitland M.
Published: January 2022

This concluding chapter places Southern foodways and the inequality embedded in traditional representations of it into conversation regarding the increasing media and tourist attention garnered by increasingly popular Southern foods. While financially advantageous to some producers, these trends reinforces the financial hardships along with many racial, ethnic, and gendered stereotypes faced by others who are integral to these foodways and traditions. This final chapter explores the diversity embedded in Southern foodways if we choose to look beyond the popular stereotypes.
Secondary Cities: Introduction to a Research Agenda
Authors: Pendras Mark , Williams Charles
Published: January 2022

This introduction outlines the secondary cities concept and research direction of the book. It situates the concept in the urban development literature and connects with emerging efforts to understand and improve conditions in ‘overlooked’ cities. In contrast to the decades of urban crisis, when most cities of the global north shared similar concerns of decline and abandonment, the current post-crisis urban experience is more variegated. This landscape of uneven development has inspired scholars to bring new attention to previously overlooked cities and urban spaces beyond the global winners. After outlining these efforts, the chapter emphasizes the importance of approaching such cities relationally and of calling into question the standard terms of success as often framed in urban development research and practice. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the organization of the book and the central themes developed through the chapters.
Situating the Secondary City: Uneven Development and Regional Gentrification in Tacoma, WA
Authors: Williams Charles , Pendras Mark
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the concept of ‘secondary cities’ through the city of Tacoma's relationship to its dominant neighbor, Seattle. For much of Tacoma’s history, an agglomeration shadow cast by Seattle has contributed to economic setbacks and a dearth of investment. By contrast, Tacoma’s recent boom might be characterized as desirable borrowed size, with private-sector investment and population growth deriving from the relationship to Seattle. Focusing on the contemporary period, this chapter emphasizes how this negative/positive dichotomy breaks down in fundamental ways. Tacoma’s borrowed size is occurring alongside an ongoing agglomeration shadow that continues to concentrate core business functions in Seattle. And though there has been a surge in housing and consumer amenity investment in Tacoma, this has resulted in gentrification and displacement pressures affecting the city's multiracial working class. This chapter advances critical questions about how development successes are defined and the regional politics of distribution that shape secondary cities.
Conclusion: Beyond Austerity
Authors: Whiteside Heather , McBride Stephen , Evans Bryan M.
Published: January 2022

This concluding chapter summarizes the book's findings and arguments. It goes beyond the legacy of post-2008 austerity to address more recent events. This includes a preliminary assessment of the intersections between the austerity agenda and the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated economic crisis. The 2020 COVID-19 crisis of reproduction and accumulation is in itself not easily comparable to 2008 given that the latter was largely concerned with credit, banking, and international trade. However, both crises reveal the failures of the neoliberal and austerity models of public provision and labour practices. The chapter thus looks at possible alternatives and ways ahead.
Corruption and Comparative Analyses across Europe: Developing New Research Traditions
Authors: Lord Nicholas , Wingerde Karin van , Levi Michael
Published: January 2022

The significance of ‘corruption’ in Europe is recognised a priority area for both social science research and state and non-state organisations seeking to reshape anti-corruption policy and practice within individual nation-states and the European Union more generally. Corruption is variously defined, but the European Commission (EC) suggests corruption takes many forms including bribery, trading in influence, abuse of functions alongside nepotism, conflicts of interest, or revolving doors between the public and the private sectors. However, the EC is not in a position to impose a common legal definition on what (other than fraud against the EU) remains a national issue for each Member and non-Member State. Given the cultural and legal diversity across the European region, this essay poses the question: how and what do we know about ‘corruption’, domestically and transnationally, across Europe? The essay outlines what four main research traditions in criminological research in Europe (surveys and experiments; qualitative studies; national case studies; and analysis of specific cases) before arguing for the need to cultivate theoretically-driven comparative methods of research that can stimulate interactive dialogue, deliberation and argument across European countries, regions and localities with a view to establishing robust empirical and theoretical insights.
Labour Exploitation and Posted Workers in the European Construction Industry
Authors: Davies Jon
Published: January 2022

When considering what is ‘European’ about white-collar and corporate crime, this essay examines exploitative labour practices in the European construction industry, especially in relation to the notion of ‘posted workers’, which is a distinct EU phenomenon. Since employers arrange temporary posting of workers to another country under free movement of services rules, this leaves workers dependent on arrangements made by their employers, which exposes them to poor accommodation provisions, lower pay than local workers receive, as well as increased segregation from local populations. Companies often use worker posting as a way to avoid regulatory oversight, thereby reducing their own costs. Given that companies are in a prime position to mistreat employees and posted workers while worsening their workplace conditions, these distinctly European processes are relevant to contemporary discussions in corporate criminology, which may not traditionally view the harmful consequences of posted working as ‘crimes’.
Silencing Those Who Speak Up against Corporate Power: Strategic Lawsuits against Public Participation (SLAPPs) in Europe
Authors: Erp Judith van , Linden Tess van der
Published: January 2022

This essay explores the topic of strategic libel and defamation suits by corporate actors against NGOs and journalists in Europe in relation to corporate environmental crime and corruption – issues that are often related. This essay adopts a criminological perspective by placing strategic litigation in the broader context of corporate strategies to conceal corporate crimes and harms. Corporations employ a variety of tactics to shield themselves from critiques about their harmful behaviour, ranging from reputation management; manipulation of information; and litigation; to straightforward threats and attacks against critics (Bradshaw 2015; Wahlin 2019). Criminologists also emphasize the role of social control of crime in addition to state control. This essay therefore first discusses the role of civil society in social control of corporate harm, and the importance of open debate about corporate actions. The essay continues by reviewing a variety of ‘SLAPP’ (Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation) cases that have emerged in Europe to identify some of the forms and consequences of SLAPPS in the European context, although by no means providing an extensive overview. Last, the essay discusses recent legislative reforms in North America to protect free speech and public interest litigation, as well as calls for such reforms in the EU.
Observations on European White-Collar Crime Scholarship from the United States
Authors: Rorie Melissa
Published: January 2022

This essay examines the distinctiveness of white-collar crime scholarship from the perspective of an academic located in the United States. Drawing on personal experiences and a review of white-collar crime articles published in 21 peer-reviewed criminology/sociology journals over a 14-month period, the author finds that traditional assumptions about white-collar crime research as a generally American endeavour are no longer accurate. In fact, European white-collar crime scholarship is overrepresented compared to other regions of the world, although the veneration of quantitative methods over qualitative methods often means that European scholarship is left out of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which purport to assess the state of research. This neglect is much to the detriment of the field. All consumers of white-collar crime scholarship would benefit from efforts to delve into the European perspective, but American white-collar crime scholars in particular would benefit greatly by looking to organizations like the European Working Group on Organizational Crime (EUROC) for opportunities to network with these scholars.
The Political Economy of Digital Monopolies
Authors: Bilic Pasko , Prug Toni , Žitko Mislav
Published: January 2022

Digital platforms have come under intense scrutiny from scholars, policy makers, regulators, and the general public for their immense and yet largely opaque influence on the social and economic sphere. This book advances value-form and social-form directions in Marxian theory, moving beyond mainstream economic reasoning that informs much of the debate. Digital monopoly platforms such as Google and Facebook are analysed in light of their profit seeking behaviour and monetary flows generated primarily through advertising and data commodification. Considering the unity of production and circulation the book argues that outputs are better understood as a collection of different types of social forms shaped by capital (pre, intermediate and final commodities) and as forms of public wealth (Copyleft Free Software, publicly financed science and research). The authors critically engage with Marxian theories that conceptualise user activities as forms of digital labour, with zero-price markets and critical legal theories, as well as with ‘internet exceptionalism’ in various forms. The role of regulation of production, especially of financial markets and monopolies is critically discussed with an empirical analysis of the development of GAFAM companies, Google’s mandatory reporting to the Securities and Exchange Commission, and of digital advertising of Google and Facebook. The book discusses contradictions of the capitalist mode of production, limits of ongoing reform initiatives, and alternatives to the logic of capital and commodity production on digital platforms.
Introduction: The Context of Digital Monopolies
Authors: Bilić Paško , Prug Toni , Žitko Mislav
Published: January 2022

The Introduction opens with contextual factors surrounding digital monopolies and a set of research questions addressed in subsequent chapters. The key problem relates to the fact that there are few alternatives to companies providing web searching, social networking and online retailing in much of the Western world regardless of the nominally competitive character of their economies. The argument then moves to briefly introduce value form and social form approaches in comparison to other Marxian approaches such as cognitive capitalism and digital labour. Regardless of advances in computing technology the chapter closes by arguing that capitalism remains the same mode of production based on surplus value extraction.
Production, Circulation, and the Science of Forms: Theoretical Foundations
Authors: Bilić Paško , Prug Toni , Žitko Mislav
Published: January 2022

In Chapter 2 the authors explain the pivotal role of value-form analysis, discuss the internal association of value and money and present various approaches to Marxian understanding of the unity of production and circulation. They argue that in the capitalist mode of production the production process is not a domain where value simply lingers. Instead, the exchange relation comes as the final moment of the production of value since it validates and socializes the production process. To understand the full complexity of this process they outline different levels of abstractions and social forms within the capitalist mode of production, moving beyond neoclassical and mainstream analyses that naturalise capitalist production and exchange, and ignore its transitory, historical existence.
Platforms, Advertising, and Users
Authors: Bilić Paško , Prug Toni , Žitko Mislav
Published: January 2022

Chapter 4 evaluates commonly used theories of platform economy and platform capitalism, looking at different ways in which advertising was conceptualised from a Marxian standpoint, critically engaging with theories of user activity, particularly with those that conceptualise it as forms of digital labour. Mainstream approaches provided some of the earliest examples of the platform economy. However, these theories regularly neglect the fact that multi-sided markets are not balanced and that they do not benefit all actors and all sides of the market equally. Finally, the authors argue that digital labour perspectives, while focusing on user activity as labouring and by conflating production and consumption, lose sight of broader processes of capital reproduction. By treating the user activity as labour Marxian value theory is expanded beyond limits, while the actual mechanism of monetization of user activity remains opaque and without proper explanation.
Financialization and Regulation
Authors: Bilić Paško , Prug Toni , Žitko Mislav
Published: January 2022

In Chapter 5 the authors look at research and development, labour management and financial profits for major companies. They use accumulated capital to reproduce and invest in the development of new outputs and commodities through the production process that depends on flexible but overworked exploited labour, as well as on inputs from globally dispersed gig workers performing various low-paid tasks. At the same time, financial profits are unevenly distributed to corporate owners and top managers. The chapter also looks closely at corporate development of Google and how capital accumulation on a world scale leads to global inequalities.
The Desire to Believe and Belong: Wannabes and Their Audience in a North American Cultural Context
Authors: Rosenthal Caroline
Published: January 2022

The chapter discusses two cases of ethnic impersonation, that of Asa/Forrest Carter, a white supremacist from Alabama who pretended to be Cherokee, and that of Archibald Belaney, an Englishman who in Canada took on the identity of the half-blood Indian Grey Owl. The focus lies on an analysis of the respective cultural context and the motivations of the audiences to believe in those acts of imposture out of a desire to belong nationally and culturally. For Canadians, Grey Owl transformed the no-man's land of Canada into a "true" North and gave the young nation a way to imagine itself apart from the British motherland. Audiences in America bought Asa Carter’s act because he appealed to populism and the anti-intellectualism of the common man. Carter reached his audience because he identified their deepest racial stereotypes, resentments, and fears. The exposure of both men, then, reveals the dark underside of North American national myths.
Learning from Fakes: A Relational Approach
Authors: Coopmans Catelijne
Published: January 2022

This chapter provides a framework for studying non-human imposters, the fake things and objects we read about in newspapers and sometimes encounter in everyday life. The approach treats fakes as a recognisable class of objects, namely objects that resemble the real thing but aren’t it. What, in this capacity, these objects do and effect is at the heart of the analysis. Following fakes on their adventures, we learn how it matters that things are what they claim to be, and how deception and its interception are distributed across socio-material alliances that are subject to change. Newspaper stories and other accounts about fakes that are abundant in our societies thus become an ever-renewing resource for explicating social relations of ordering and valuing.
Natural Imposters? A Cuckoo View of Social Relations
Authors: Abbott Martin , Large Daniel
Published: January 2022

Avian brood parasites like the cuckoo lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. This reproductive strategy has fascinated peoples around the world for millennia. Fascination with the cuckoo is animated by uncertainty about how to understand the bird’s behaviour, which offends norms of reproductive, familial, and intimate conduct. In these heartfelt matters, the cuckoo’s nesting behaviour is entangled with preoccupations of imposture. To analyse how this entanglement works, the chapter draws on select passages that reference the bird from The Midwich Cuckoos, Wuthering Heights, and Othello: The Moor of Venice. In these texts, the cuckoo’s entanglement with imposture ruptures social and moral orders and casts characters’ values and commitments in a new light, making it an evocative and enduring literary device for re-envisioning social relations from a cuckoo perspective.
The Face of ‘the Other’: Biometric Facial Recognition, Imposters and the Art of Outplaying Them
Authors: Grünenberg Kristina
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, I argue that the work done to of detect spoofers that takes place in biometric laboratories means that biometric researchers need to impersonate potential imposters in order to develop, what I have called ‘algorithmic traps’ to detect them. In this context, rather than simply being antagonists, researchers, public spoofers and hackers, and not least imagined spoofers, all enter into a form of symbiotic ‘mimesis’, a never to be resolved process of impostering that becomes productive in shoring up the funding for new biometric research and that further legitimizes the continuous search for what I call safer, more secure and seamless ‘bio-machines of security’.
The New Personal Data Protection in Japan: Is It Enough?
Authors: Marcén Ana Gascón
Published: January 2022

This chapter analyses how the concept of personal data protection has evolved in Japan and its current legal regime. Data protection in Japan is assessed from a European perspective as that is the region with the highest level of protection worldwide. Japan lags behind the European standard because during WWII, organised neighbourhood associations encouraged community members surveying each other. However, the digitisation of citizens’ information, scandals of massive data breach and expectations from the European Union prompted Japan to enforce data privacy protection. The chapter then compares the Japanese approach with that of its neighbouring country South Korea as both countries are democracies that decided to enhance their personal data protection regime in order to be recognised by the European Commission as having an equivalent level of protection as the European Union, but they chose different paths to do it. South Korea is more aggressive in safeguarding data privacy than Japan; it has established an independence governing body to enforce and supervise data protection laws even though it does not strictly enforce it.
Introduction to Part III
Authors: Chung Peichi
Published: January 2022

The mini introduction to Part III introduces four chapters on the topics of techno-identities and digital labour condition. The mini introduction reviews South Korea’s global and national esports power in professional gaming. It also covers topics about Japan on film representation of pachinko and emerging human-robot relationship in elder care. The last section of the mini introduction points out challenges that Japanese and South Korean societies face in the continuing disparity of labour, age and racial divide in the digital space.
‘Too Many Koreans’: Esports Biopower and South Korean Gaming Infrastructure
Authors: Bae Keung Yoon
Published: January 2022

This chapter asks why the Overwatch League, a large-scaled global, franchised esports league, that follows a geolocation model fills their teams with South Korean players instead of those who come from the teams' home cities. The example of Overwatch League added to a discussion of esports professionalisation and industry relations by asserting that examining esports in an exclusively regional context is no longer realistic or even sensible in today’s landscape This chapter first introduces the landscape of esports and the significant changes it has undergone in the past decade. Then it uses the concept of 'biopower' advanced by Dyer-Witheford and de Peuter to understand how game developer companies seek to retain control over not only the gaming populace, but also the sport of gaming. Lastly, it illuminates how regionally specific factors, such as local infrastructure, come into play to disrupt that control.
China’s Security Interests and Strategies in the South China Sea
Authors: Yang Li
Published: January 2022

This chapter reviews China's broad security interests in the South China Sea (SCS). It covers concerns over territorial sovereignty and maritime jurisdiction and growing appeal for overall strategic stability, homeland security, and sea routes safety. It also contends that China seeks to create and maintain a stable regional security order that is conducive to managing disputes and build cooperation to better deal with non-traditional maritime security threats. The chapter analyses China's official statements, which reveals that China's perceptions of its security interests in the SCS are multi-faceted. It explains how issues on territorial sovereignty and maritime rights always possess a domestic sensitivity, the mishandling of which might lead to political and social instability, which triggers the security concerns of the country.
South Korea and the South China Sea: A Middle-Power Model for Practical Policies?
Authors: Yoon Sukjoon
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines the South China Sea (SCS) dispute from the point of view of South Korea. It argues that while South Korea is far from the immediate region under analysis and in which tensions continue to rise, the implications of rivalry between China, the United States, and other SCS claimant and non-claimant states have dangerous consequences on the peace and order of the broader area. It also illustrates South Korea's position as a regional middle power interested in balanced and constructive policies with the ultimate aim of de-escalating tension between those states that have brought all others closer to physical conflict. The chapter elaborates how the problems of the SCS have a wider destabilizing effect upon East Asian maritime security, posing strategic issues for other regional states, such as South Korea. It characterizes the SCS situation as a “grey zone” conflict or as “hybrid competition” between the parties involved.
Conclusion: Looking over the Horizon – Prospects for Settlement of the South China Sea Dispute?
Authors: Houlden Gordon
Published: January 2022

This chapter summarizes the political and security challenges that arise from highly divergent national views on the South China Sea (SCS). It recounts how the rise in Chinese economic power allowed the People's Republic of China (PRC) to devote funding to building a blue-water navy and expand islands to build on extensive naval, coast guard, and air force installations. It looks at the economic inter-dependence between the economies in the SCS region, such as between China and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states, China and the United States, China and trading partners Japan, Australia, and even Taiwan. The chapter mentions two principal antagonists in the geopolitical differences over the SCS: China, the principal claimant, and the United States, the most powerful external stakeholder. It points out one positive aspect of the rising tensions in the SCS, which is the research and debates they have stimulated among analysts and scholars in the countries concerned.
Reimagining a Black Art Infused Criminology
Authors: Glynn Martin
Published: January 2022

This chapter aims to reinvigorate a discussion about viewing black criminality from a lens of black art. Young’s (2011) notion of a ‘criminological imagination’ informs important contemporary debates on crime. However, there is distinct absence of a racialized context. Using the lens of black art builds introduces a unique perspective from which to view ‘race and the racialization of crime’.
Beyond The Wire: The Racialization of Crime in Film and TV
Authors: Glynn Martin
Published: January 2022

The chapter looks at the representation of black criminality viewed from a film and TV lens. In spite of the success of TV shows like HBO’s ‘The Wire’, black criminality and victimhood in contemporary film and TV tends to lean heavily on stereotypical and pathologized portrayals of black participation in crime.
Introduction: Erich Fromm’s Global Public Sociology
Authors: McLaughlin Neil
Published: January 2022

Fromm was a sociologist and a major public sociologist. This chapter establishes his place both as a sociologist and tells the general story of his contribution to public sociology. It gives us the basic story of his life and career as well as outlining the sociology of ideas questions the book will address. And outlines the basic reasons for why Fromm’s ideas are relevant today.
The Cold War, Conformity, and the 1960s
Authors: McLaughlin Neil
Published: January 2022

This chapter tells the story of how Fromm created the template both for liberal “traditional” public sociology and the radical “organic” public sociology of C. Wright Mills and the 1960s radicals. The story of Fromm’s Man for Himself’s (1947) influence on David Riesman and The Sane Society (1955) shaping of the New Left are told in the context of the 1950s debates about conformity, alienation and consumerism.
Why Travel? An Introduction
Authors: Niblett Matthew , Beuret Kris
Published: January 2022

This chapter lays out the need for a deeper exploration of our travel motivations, and a move away from the narrow derived demand focus of much transport policy, particularly in a future that will be shaped by environmental change and the increased likelihood of pandemic events. It argues we have a travel instinct and that travel has an intrinsic value. It summarizes the approaches of the diverse chapters in the book, highlighting that perspectives from across the arts and sciences show the need to place travel at the heart of our future thinking. The chapter argues that we must create places and policies that better satisfy our travel motivations and improve the quality of our travel and, thereby, our lives – without wreaking environmental harm on our planet.
The Economics of Travel: It’s Not the Destination, It’s the Journey
Authors: Dillon Matthew , Jan Alexander
Published: January 2022

This chapter lays out the conventional economic understanding of travel, whereby travel is calculated merely as a derived demand, and challenges this approach from a number of perspectives. The chapter shows the need to calculate the intrinsic value of the experience of travel itself especially in the light of the ability to do other things during travel ranging from working on trains to the sheer enjoyment of watching the scenery go by. The authors look at how more recent understandings of our instinctive need to travel are being considered in economic valuations, the behavioural economic approach to understanding travel behaviours, as well how to account for the economic costs of travel, such as its contribution to climate change. The latter approach clearly challenges the emphasis on the value of reductions in travel time as the prime focus when calculating benefits and making ensuing investment decisions.
Technology and Travel
Authors: Lyons Glenn
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the crucial links between technology and travel behaviours, looking both at traditional transport technologies and the impacts of other technologies. The development of transport technology has enabled us to travel more cheaply, more comfortably, faster and for longer distances – hence the massive growth of travel with all its attendant and varied effects. The chapter argues that the impacts of substitutionary technology (e.g. telecommunications) or non-transport technology (e.g. better storage of food) are more complex and difficult to predict, especially since people do not always behave rationally, but these technologies play an important role in shaping our travel behaviours. The chapter briefly examines possible future technological developments before concluding that we need to develop resilient technologies to allow for uncertainty whilst tackling the need for sustainability in future travel.
Conclusion: What Have We Learnt?
Authors: Beuret Kris , Niblett Matthew
Published: January 2022

This chapters summarizes the findings of the other chapters, arguing that we travel because it is integral to what defines humanity and because it enables human progress and well-being, individually and socially. The chapter discusses the challenge faced by policy makers in how to retain, encourage and extend travel without adverse effects. It concludes with hope that as the world struggles with a variety of medical, social and ecological challenges, the fundamental need for humans to travel will contextualize the debate about what to do next.
The Western Ideology1
Authors: Gamble Andrew
Published: January 2022

Economic liberalism in varied forms has been central to the dominant interpretation of the western ideology and liberal modernity. The western ideology is defined as the doctrines which have legitimated and promoted the institutions of liberal modernity in the last two hundred years. This essay explores political conditions, such as the hegemony exercised for long periods by first Britain and then the United States, which made this possible. It examines the different strands which makes up economic liberalism, focusing on the emergence of neo-liberalism as the dominant form of economic liberalism from the 1980s onwards, and particularly after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 which removed a major ideological and political competitor. It asks whether these political conditions can be sustained.
Hayek on Knowledge, Economics and Society1
Authors: Gamble Andrew
Published: January 2022

This essay examines Hayek’s theory of knowledge, and the role which it plays in his writings on economics and society. It treats the knowledge which members of modern societies possess as imperfect and incomplete, because knowledge is fragmented and dispersed among millions of individuals, because the limits of human reason make many things unknown and unknowable, and because modern societies are as a result complex evolving organisms which cannot be understood or controlled by the normal methods of science. Acting on the assumption that human beings do have the knowledge to control society leads to serious harm. Hayek was critical of all social theories that pretended to such knowledge, including much of mainstream economics. His political pessimism derived from his epistemological pessimism, but he remained trapped in the rationalism he was so keen to reject.
G.D.H. Cole and the History of Socialist Thought1
Authors: Gamble Andrew
Published: January 2022

This essay is the Introduction to a new edition of G.D.H. Cole’s five-volume History of Socialist Thought, which covers not only socialist thought between 1789 and 1939 but also in the later volumes a history of socialist movements after 1848. Cole’s own contribution to socialist thought is discussed through his writings on Guild Socialism and his opposition to the centralising creeds of Marxism-Leninism and Social Democracy, which dominated the politics of the Left in the decades after the First World War. Cole gave eloquent expositions of the intellectual traditions of both Marxism-Leninism and Social Democracy, but his own deeper commitment was to the decentralised forms of socialism which he had championed when young, and he was a strong critic both of Soviet Communism and of parliamentary socialism.
After Brexit and Other Essays
Authors: Gamble Andrew
Published: January 2022

This book contains a selection of articles and papers by Andrew Gamble on political economy and British politics which have appeared over the last forty years. The essays attempt to understand the shifting agendas, issues, outcomes and debates in British politics through an analysis of the political economy of the British state, exploring the historical, institutional, and ideological contexts which have shaped it. The book has four main themes – political economy, Europe and America, Thatcherism, and the British constitution. It provides a frame for thinking about how the increasing Europeanisation of Britain’s laws, institutions, policy-making processes and its regulatory regime over the four decades of membership intersected with other domestic issues and debates, including the response to the relative decline and poor performance of the economy, the character of Britain’s hybrid Anglo-liberal model of capitalism, the reshaping of the post-war Keynesian welfare state, the rise and fall of Thatcherism, the transformation of both the Conservative and Labour parties, the relationship between Britain and the United States, the new regulatory state, and the changing constitutional order. The book includes a biographical introduction, notes on the essays and an epilogue which reflects on what the essays got wrong and what they got right.
The Constitutional Revolution in the United Kingdom1
Authors: Gamble Andrew
Published: January 2022

The changes to the territorial constitution in the United Kingdom since 1997 have been extensive, but there is no agreement on their long-run significance, opinion being divided as to whether the changes are substantive or cosmetic, and whether they represent the conclusion of a process or the start of a new one. This article connects these arguments with historical debates on the nature of the British state and its distinctive constitution and multiple identities, in order to assess whether the devolution process of recent years signals continuity, rupture, or reform of UK institutions. It concludes that some of the changes have introduced quasi-federal features to the constitution, and mark a historical watershed, although progress towards full federation remains limited.
What’s British about British Politics?1
Authors: Gamble Andrew
Published: January 2022

This essay asks what has made Britain distinctive as a polity from other European states with similar population and resources in the last seventy years. It discusses whether British politics is unique or whether it is a variation on a common pattern found in liberal democracies. It examines some of the main features of the British state which have been argued to set Britain apart, including its multinational state, its highly centralised institutions, its uncodified constitution, its imperial legacy, its ambivalence about Europe, its Anglo-liberal political economy and its liberal political culture. Understanding how politics in a particular place is constructed through both identities and institutions is the key to understanding British politics.
A Global Perspective on Pan Movements: Regional Anomalies or Abnormal Regions?
Authors: O’Malley Alanna
Published: January 2022

Across the twentieth century, regional pan-movements bloomed and faded alongside nation states and empires as political projects. Each pan-movement had a specific set of political ideologies, identities and visions of political organisation. Yet, by the end of the century, most of these movements had disappeared. This chapter sets to investigate the lasting effects of two of the largest global pan movements, Pan-Asianism and Pan-Africanism and situates them in the context of a global perspective on regionalism in IR. It is argued that pan-movements have enhanced the agency of actors at specific moments, culminating in a largely unrecognised influence on the shape and form of global order, with lasting impacts until today.
Competitive: The Other Players Have a Strategy Too
Authors: Biscop Sven
Published: January 2022

This chapter explains why grand strategy is inherently competitive: because the other party has a strategy too. Competition and cooperation are inherent to international politics; rivalry, on the contrary, is the conscious choice to adopt a strategy against another power. Multipolarity is therefore the normal state of affairs in international politics. A new bipolarity or a new “cold war” is less likely than it seems. The chapter analyses how today’s great powers, the United States, China, Russia, and the European Union, are dealing with multipolarity.
Proactive: A Strategy for Action
Authors: Biscop Sven
Published: January 2022

This chapter explains why grand strategy requires the great powers to be proactive: nobody will defend their interests for them. Can today’s great powers establish a consensual agenda for a rules-based order? An analysis of the interbellum period shows that an international order cannot be created against one of the great powers of the day; that if violations of the rules-based order go without consequences, the order will be hollowed out; that great powers must abide by the rules that they want others to obey; and that no state seeks to be dominated by another. The chapter then analyses the grand strategies of today’s great powers and concludes that while competition is strong, permanent and systematic rivalry is not yet unavoidable.
Sustainable Hedonism
Authors: Lelkes Orsolya
Published: January 2022

How we can enjoy our lives in a way that does not cost the Earth? Paradoxically, while happiness is ultimately good, our search for it often fails. A clear sign of our collective failure is that no single country on earth has achieved a social minimum while also remaining below the ecological ceiling. The problem lies in our unexamined assumptions, habits and beliefs about success. The mainstream world-view, that largely stems from economics, identifies happiness with pleasure and sees pleasure-seeking as a lonely and selfish exercise.This book aims to inspire us to an alternative world-view by inviting us (1) to refine our understanding of a thriving life, (2) to consider how we want to attain it, and (3) to explore our inner contradictions, saboteur and progressive forces. Ancient Greek hedonists can inspire us to live a life of ‘sustainable hedonism‘. Aristotle’s approach to happiness as ‘flourishing’ can support our ability for conscious action based on virtues and in community. Recent scientific knowledge also highlights the potential pitfalls of searching happiness, and offers pathways on how to live an ecologically-responsible life without a reduction in well-being.The book concludes by showing how the Theatre of the Soul can offer experiential learning in which we can outgrow our outdated strategies, which sabotage our flourishing life, so that ultimately we are able to experience ourselves as autonomous, creative beings living in loving and mutually strengthening relationships with others and with the Earth. Ultimately, we can become both more virtuous and better hedonists.
Introduction: Is There Anyone Who Does Not Want to Thrive?
Authors: Lelkes Orsolya
Published: January 2022

The Introduction starts by formulating the possible concerns of the target group. Next, it briefly presents the main challenge of our age (no single country on earth has achieved a social minimum while also remaining below the ecological ceiling, as shown by Raworth 2017). For this, it is essential to examine our beliefs about progress, and our hidden motivations that underlie this. The recent pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability of our current world-view and world order. Social features like solidarity now became crucial. Certain personal abilities, like autonomy, savouring joy from non- materialistic sources, and the ability to cohabit and collaborate cordially, became precious and necessary for coping. Our experiences, either benefitting from these traits or missing them, could provide a basis for our future aspirations. The book seeks to inspire the reader to undertake an inquisitive exploration at a number of different levels, including intellectual understanding and experiential learning. The outline of the book is set out.
Unintended Consequences of Economics as a Science
Authors: Lelkes Orsolya
Published: January 2022

Due to the way economics is taught in most places, the relationship between inner and external worlds tends to remain unexamined by many students, scholars and business leaders: how assumptions in economics affect the real world. Recent empirical research presented in Chapter 1 suggests that the study of mainstream neoclassical economics, with its image of human as a selfish, competitive figure, may function as a self-fulfilling prophecy, making students more selfish, and business decisions more profit-oriented. People may adapt to a norm, and do what they regard necessary for success. There seems to be far too little open exchange on what ‘success’ is, what is the future they want to see and contribute to.
Inner Agents and Saboteurs of the Good Life: Role Theory
Authors: Lelkes Orsolya
Published: January 2022

Egoism and extreme pleasure-seeking, and indeed a flourishing life, are not simply external phenomena in the world, but may also be the products of inner motivations and conflicting forces within the individual psyche. Meeting our inner progressive and saboteur roles helps us to gain greater freedom to take action for our own good, and to the benefit of others. Role training can provide effective support for this. I propose archetypal roles which may promote and hinder the flourishing life in a person, including for example the Overachiever, the Orphan, the Tyrant, the Fool, the Rebel, the Friend, the Explorer, the Artist and the Sage. Role theory is a bridge between the person and the community, as it encompasses phenomena in the personal psyche as well as interactions among people. Moreno’s vision is that the dramatic tools can transform human culture to make it more creative, spontaneous and healing.
The Reception of Targeted Memories in Everyday Life: Classificatory Struggles and the Tensions of Remembering
Authors: Jacobsen Ben , Beer David
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines the reception of targeted memories, focusing on the ways in which these processes of classification and ranking come to be felt in everyday life. As is suggested here, the categorisation and prioritisation of memory is not necessarily integrated into a smooth memory-making process. There are mismatches, strange choices, and missteps. Drawing on interview and focus group data, we identify four points of tension generated in relation to the automatic production of memory on social media: attention, reductivity, misconception, and invasiveness. As such, the multi-faceted reception of targeted memories in everyday life, the chapter argues, provides novel insights into the potential tensions that are generated as a result of the partitioning and promotion of the memorable on social media.
Looking at Urban Inequalities Regarding Different Jobs in the Age of COVID-19: Who Stayed at Home, Who Did Not?
Authors: Gezici Ferhan , İlhan Cansu
Published: January 2022

This chapter provides an analysis of which employees can work from home in Istanbul. It examines the employment sectors and residential neighborhoods, where working from home has become common. It includes findings that echo studies from other countries and demonstrate that better educated and higher-income individuals work from home at higher rates than lower-income and lower-educated individuals. The chapter explores how the COVID-19 pandemic has deepened inequalities, both in terms of the economic loss and the disease risk to those who continue to go to work. It reveal findings regarding the distribution of sectors and occupational groups who can and cannot work from home in districts, and the spatial concentration of occupational groups.
Spatial Inequality and Colonial Palimpsest in Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Azlan Nurul Azreen
Published: January 2022

This chapter looks at the living conditions of migrants in Kuala Lumpur, noting that the country has performed relatively well in managing the infection rate of COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. It focuses on the overcrowded conditions that migrants have to endure, especially if they reside in city centers close to jobs. It also equates contemporary responses to the COVID-19 pandemic among middle-class Malaysians to colonial European attitudes towards indigenous subjects. The chapter talks about the ten-kilometer radius that limited people's movements, which demonstrated the uneven distribution of resources and services. It describes Malaysia's intersection of medical practices and armed forces, marginalized communities and overcrowding, sanitation and the policing of space that are reminiscent of colonial methods of ordering space.
Following the Voices of Older Adults During the COVID-19 Crisis: Perspectives from the Netherlands
Authors: Lindenberg Jolanda , Vijver Paul van de , Kock Lieke de , Bodegom David van , Bartels Niels
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses ageism and experiences of older adults in the Netherlands. It seeks to empower, elevate, and amplify the voices and experiences of older adults through the production of the website wijencorona.nl, which collected their stories during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also reviews the 'intelligent' lockdown by the Dutch government, which is an approach to managing the pandemic that appealed to solidarity and self-discipline in order to comply with social distancing and staying at home. The chapter delves into the views of individuals aged 50 years and older that experienced COVID-19 in an urban or rural context. It uses the stories to discover opportunities for rural and urban futures.