bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary testing of uranium ore (Ref. No. 1/58-9) from Klerksdorp Consolidated Goldfields Limited, South Africa, submitted by Wright Engineers Limited, Vancouver, B.C.
Authors: Smith H W , Harrison V F
Published: March 2021

Preliminary physical concentration test work indicated that differential grinding concentration would be applicable, rejecting 56% of the weight with a loss of 7% of the uranium. Autooxidation pressure leaching gave extractions of 85% at 150 psig and
150 ° C. Acid leaching at room temperature and atmospheric pressure was not satisfactory.
Mineralogical report on a uranium ore sample "K-4" from British Newfoundland Exploration Limited, Kitts Project, Makkovik Area, Labrador, Newfoundland -- Ref. Nos. 4/58-12 and 5/58-4
Authors: Hughson M R
Published: March 2021

Fine-grained or brecciated pitchblende occurs as irregular networks of veins along the foliation of a dark-coloured argillite. Although the width of the veins may be as much as several millimetres, widths around 1/2 mm or less are more coma-non. No secondary
.radioactive minerals were observed. The waste rock used for dilution of the pilot plant sample is quite similar to the high-grade ore described above, although there is practically no pitchblende present.
Canadian ground stress investigations
Authors: Brown A
Published: March 2021

Investigations into the phenomena of rock stress in underground mine workings are being conducted by the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa, Canada, for the purpose of learning additional facts about the behaviour of ground under stress. It is
hoped that a more fundamental knowledge of the factors involved may prove beneficial to the mining industry and assist in the optimum recovery of Canadian mineral resources. For the conduct of such studies the Department has assembled a small group of mining engineers and physicists who are aided on
specific problems by Department geologists. Cooperative studies are also promoted in certain Canadian universities and provincial research groups. Considerable importance is placed on observations within the mine workings, supplemented by laboratory based studies leading to the development of
dependable field apparatus. Laboratory investigations are also conducted into the physical properties of rocks and minerals. Field investigations are being conducted with a variety of dynamometer and convergence measuring apparatus in the open workings, and devices for observing stress changes
within the "solid" are being developed. Some of these latter have had fairly extensive field trials. The laboratory investigations into rock properties were initially based on short period uniaxial compression testing of unconfined specimens and a considerable body of data has been secured on
Canadian and some foreign mine rocks. More recently, apparatus has been devised and is now in routine use for observing the effects of time-strain. Currently, equipment is being constructed for triaxial testing.
Mineraological report on uranium ore from Northspan Uranium Mines Limited, Lake Nordic Property, Blind River Area, Ontario Ref. No. 4/58-16
Authors: Hughson M R
Published: March 2021

Brannerite, uraninite, and monazite occur in the matrix of a quartz-pebble conglomerate and in thin bands in quartzite. Fine-grained, subhedral pyrite is usually associated with the radioactive minerals. Crystals of uraninite appear to be more numerous than
aggregates of extremely fine-grained brannerite but are smaller the average diarneter of the uraninite crystals is about 1/10 mm, whereas the aggregates of brannerite are usually about 1/3 min. Although monazite is fairly common, it is less abundant than uraninite or brannerite. Monazite grains are
usually around 1/4 mm in diameter.
A study of the relation between the properties of cokes produced by means of two laboratory methods and coke produced industrially
Authors: Swartzman E , Botham J C , Tibbetts T E , Burrough E J , Birge G W
Published: March 2021

This report presents the results of a study of the relation between the physical properties of metallurgical cokes produced industrially in Canada, and those made from the same coals by means of laboratory methods using (1) the 25 lb. sole-heated Bethlehem
Expansion tester at the Fuels Division and (2) the Bureau of Mines - American Gas Association (BM-AGA) 90 and 185 lb. capacity cylindrical carbonizing units at the U. S. Bureau of Mines laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pa. The results indicate that the laboratory equipment might be used to evaluate
individual coals and blends for the manufacture of oven coke.
A viscometer for mineral suspensions
Authors: Purdy G R
Published: March 2021

The measurement of the viscosity of mineral slurries, using a modified falling-ball viscometer, is described. In the system used, a plummet was pulled vertically through the slurry under test at a rate governed by an external weight. The velocity of the plummet
was established by means of two Geiger tubes outside the viscometer tube, which were actuated by a small radioactive source inside the 'plummet. The viscosity of suspensions of glass balls, barite and galena was compared at different rates of shear, and the variation in flow characteristics, in
particular the non- Newtonian nature of the viscosity of the mineral slurries, was clearly demonstrated. The use .and limitations of a viscometer of this kind, for measuring the viscosity of slurries, are discussed.
Mineralogical report on a uranium ore sample ("K-2") from British Newfoundland Exploration Limited, Kitts Project, Makkovik area, Labrador, Newfoundland, Ref. No. 2/58-14
Authors: Hughson M R
Published: March 2021

This is a dark, fine-grained, siliceous rock containing finely disseminated pitchblende. Individual grains of pitchblende, only a few microns in diameter, are commonly segregated in bands in foliated parts of the rock. Secondary radioactive minerals are
rare.
Mechanical properties of an ultra high strength steel
Authors: Schempp E G , Morgan W A
Published: March 2021

Five percent chromium hot work tool steels have found application in the field of high strength steel design. A modification of Atlas Crovan was melted as an experimental 10-ton basic electric arc heat by Atlas Steels Limited, Welland, Ontario. The new material,
designated as M-7-12, was, tested at the Physical Metallurgy Division, Mines Branch, to determine its mechanical properties, especially with regard to transverse ductility and response to various heat treatments. It was found that this steel exhibits excellent tensile strength consistent with good
tensile ductility and good impact strength over a wide range of temperature. This alloy possesses an ultimate tensile strength of 275,000 psi at room temperature, and of 190,000 psi at 1000'F. The impact strength at room temperature is 25 ft-lb, and at minus 100°F, 15 ft-lb. These properties
make the alloy one of the most outstanding of new high strength materials.
Failure of road grader channel member
Authors: Knight R F
Published: March 2021

The samples forwarded were inadequate for a complete appraisal of the reason for failure. The fracture samples were too small for the preparation of mechanical test specimens, and were heat affected by the flame cutting procedure. Microscopic examination was of
little use, but visual examination of the specimens revealed a typically brittle fracture. Sections taken from another channel conformed chemically to the ASTM A7 specification, although the mechanical requirements of the specification were .not quite met. The material of the broken member was of a
similar classification, but analysis of the samples showed a higher carbon content than for the channel sections. Impact tests on samples prepared from the channel section material showed a transition temperature of 70°F and a Charpy V-notch impact strength of 3 ft/lb at the service-failure
temperature. The higher carbon content of the broken channel would accentuate the tendency to low temperature brittleness . The chemical and mechanical characteristics would combine to make this steel prone to brittle failure under the loading and temperature conditions which
occurred.
Condensed data on the 81 mm and 3-inch cast magnesium, cast aluminum, and forged aluminum mortar base plates
Authors: Wlodek T W , Bott W H
Published: March 2021

The Physical Metallurgy Division of the Mines Branch, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa, Canada, in co-operation with the Canadian Directorate of Armament Development and the Canadian Armament Research and Development Establishment (CARDE),
Valcartier, Quebec, has designed and developed cast magnesium, cast aluminum and forged aluminum base plates, of light weight and good serviceability, that are easily interchangeable for use in the 81 mm or the 3-inch infantry mortars. For this development and design work, ZK61-T6 magnesium alloy
was used for the cast magnesium alloy base plate, G10-T4 (Alcan 350-T4) aluminum alloy for the cast aluminum alloy base plate, and CS41-T6 (Alcan 26S-T6) aluminum alloy for the forged aluminum alloy base plate. The total weight, including socket and rings, is approximately 18.5 lb for the cast
magnesium base plate, 24 lb for the cast aluminum base plate, and 26.5 lb for the forged aluminum base plate. Effective laboratory tests, simulated service tests and field firing tests have resulted in the acceptance of the forged aluminum base plate as standard equipment in Canada and the United
States. Following successful laboratory tests and minor user trials at Camp Borden, Ontario, it was recommended that the cast magnesium base plate undergo full field firing tests, to be conducted in Canada, and that, if required, further reinforcement of the main critical sections be undertaken.
Successful laboratory tests of the cast aluminum base plate also call for full field firing tests.
Examination of Canadian Pacific Coast Indian "coppers"
Authors: Couture A , Edwards J O
Published: March 2021

Ce rapport est consacr4 à l'étude d'échantillons prélevés sur des objets en cuivre, qui sont tirés de la collection du Musée national canadien. Le but de cette étude était de determiner si les pièces
représentées par ces échantillons Ont été fabriquées par des Européens ou par les Indigènes vivant sur le littoral de l'océan Pacifique. Les données recueillies au cours de ce travail permettent aux auteurs de conclure que les objets de cuivre
examinés ont dû être façonnés par les Européens ou les Blancs de l'Amérique du Nord, à l'aide de machines lourdes. Vu le peu de variation dans l'épaisseur des pièces étudiées, leur' 'fini et, dans certains cas, leurs dimensions, il est peu
probable qu'elles aient été fabriquées à partir de morceaux décuivré natif avec les moyens de fortune dont disposaient les Indigènes. De plus, la présence et la répartition de particules d'oxyde de cuivre, révélées par l'examen de la
microstructure de ces échantillons, font croire à la fusion du cuivre qui a servi à fabriquer ces articles. Si nous admettons, avec l'opinion générale, que les Indigènes de l'Amérique du Nord ignoraient les procédés de fusion du cuivre, nous devons
conclure, comme l'examen visuel l'avait déjà indiqué, que les pièces en question n'ont eas été ouvrées a partir du métal brut par les Indigenes de la côte du Pacifique.
Evaluation of peat bogs for peat moss production
Authors: Tibbetts T E
Published: March 2021

Canada is one of the leading countries of the world in reserves of peat lands, which are estimated to cover more than 37,000 square miles, this being exceeded only by the USSR and Finland. The abundance and cheapness of other fuels in Canada precludes the use of
peat fuel, at least at present. This paper describes how the Mines Branch of the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys attempts to assess the potential for commercial development of known peat deposits in terms of production of peat moss, a product which is extensively used in North America for
agricultural and horticultural purposes. In this evaluation, study of maps and aerial photographs, field investigations, and laboratory analyses are conducted to consider the most important factors, including quality and nature of moss as determined by analytical methods, accessibility, location,
topography, drainage, area, type of overgrowth, and depth of bog.
Metallurgical exmaination of a failed pump impeller
Authors: McDonald R D , Ayers G D
Published: March 2021

yes
Metallurgical examination of a cracked metal component from a computer
Authors: McDonald R D , Ayers G D
Published: March 2021

yes
The effect of Sandstrom Dry Film Lubricant (9A) on the enviromental cracking behaviour of 18% Ni maraging steel
Authors: Garrison J G , Biefer G J
Published: March 2021

yes
Effects of neoprene and of vinyl aluminum coatings on the environmental cracking susceptibility of 18% Ni (250) maraging steel
Authors: Biefer G J , Gilmour J B
Published: March 2021

Tests of susceptibility to environmental cracking (EC) were performed in 3. 5% NaCl solution on bent-strip specimens of 18% Ni (250) maraging steel, coated with each of neoprene and vinyl aluminum paint. It was found that EC processes took place through
both coating types, leading to failures of both freely corroding specimens and of specimens cathodically protected by means of zinc sacrificial anodes. The vinyl aluminum paint was much more stable and more adherent " than the neoprene, which showed a tendency to wrinkle, blister and lose adhesion,
exposing the metal substrate. Though differences in EC susceptibility of different heat treatment batches of the strip specimens made comparisons difficult, it appeared that the EC processes were delayed more effectively by the vinyl aluminum than by the neoprene coatings.
The relationship between temperament and behavior in 3–7-year-old children during dental treatment
Authors: Janeshin Atousa , Habibi Mohammmad
Published: March 2021

Background:

Various factors affect child behavior in different situations such as in a dental clinic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperament and child behavior during routine dental treatment.

Materials and Methods:

The present study is a descriptive-analytic study that included 199 children aged 3–7-years from patients referred to a dental clinic of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2017–2018. The Children's Behavior Questionnaire, which is specific to children aged 3–7 years, was used to assess children's dental temperament. Children's behaviors during dental treatment were recorded using Frankl scale. Finally, the data were analyzed by the SPSS-16 statistical software.

Results:

About 47.9% of the samples were female, with a mean temperament score of 4.79 which was significantly higher than males (P < 0.05). Almost 2.4% of children had completely negative behaviors and 2.8% had a completely positive behavior. The mean scores of fear (P = 0.008) and anger (P = 0.004) in children with completely negative behavior were higher than those with completely positive behavior. Moreover, the average scores of inhibitory control (P = 0.003) and perceptual sensitivity (P = 0.001) in completely positive children were higher than completely negative children.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study showed that girls had a better mean score of temperament than boys. The inhibitory control and perceptual sensitivity in completely positive children were significantly higher than negative children. In addition, a higher mean score of fear and anger was observed in completely negative children.
The effect of sodium hypochlorite enamel pretreatment on the shear bond strength of fissure sealant using a resin-modified glass ionomer cement and a fluoride-releasing self-etch resin adhesive
Authors: Mohammadi Najmeh , Karimkhani Ali , Bagheri Rafat , Manton David J.
Published: March 2021

Background:

The relative high caries risk of pits and fissures highlights the importance of protecting these areas. The aim is to determine the effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin-based pit and fissure sealant (RBPFS) material to enamel using resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and fluoride-releasing self-etch resin (FRSE) adhesives.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study extracted third molar teeth without carious lesions or defects were divided into five experimental groups (n = 20). Group A: (Control group) etch (35% phosphoric acid) for 15 s and RBPFS applied. Group B: Etch for 15 s, FRSE and RBPFS applied. Group C: Pretreated with 5% NaOCl and similar steps to Group B. Group D: Etch for 15 s then RMGIC bonding agent and RBPFS applied. Group E: Pretreated with 5% NaOCl and then similar steps to Group D. SBS was determined using a universal testing machine. The tested specimens were examined under a field-emission scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's tests (P=0.05).

Results:

A statistically significant difference between the test groups was observed; Group C showed the highest SBS mean value (7.52 ± 2.74 MPa) and Group D showed the lowest (4.48 ± 1.81 MPa) (P < 0.001). Pretreatment with NaOCl increased the SBS of fissure sealant when Riva bond LC was used (P = 0.049).

Conclusion:

The use of NaOCl as pretreatment can increase the SBS of RBPFS to enamel using RMGIC adhesive. FRSE adhesive did not show improvement in SBS values using pretreatment.
Protective effect of nanoencapsulated curcumin against boldenone-induced testicular toxicity and oxidative stress in male albino rats
Authors: Aly Mohamed A.S. , El-Sayed El-Shamarka Marwa , Soliman Tarek N. , Elgabry Mahmoud A.E.
Published: March 2021

Background

Boldenone (BOL) (Equigan) is a synthetic anabolic steroid used mainly by veterinarians to treat and promote horses’ growth. Recently, body builders have started to use it to enhance their physical performance and muscle growth. Equigan is known to induce testicular injury and reduce fertility in males. Current treatments for reduced fertility are very costly. As alternatives, people are investigating naturally occurring bioactive compounds in plants such as curcumin.

Objective

This study was conducted to evaluate the prophylactic antioxidant effects of nanoencapsulated curcumin (NEC) on BOL-induced testicular toxicity and oxidative stress in male albino rats.

Materials and methods

NEC was prepared using a novel freeze-drying method. For their characterization, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering were used. Four groups of male rats were used: the first group served as control, the second group received NEC (100 mg/kg orally, once daily), the third group received BOL (5 mg/kg intramascular, once weekly) for 60 days, and BOL and NEC were concurrently administered in the fourth group. Blood was withdrawn from the rats’ retro-orbital veins 24 h after treatment. Animals were euthanized immediately; the epididymal sperm reserve was separated. Then, one testis from each rat was kept at −80°C for determination of oxidative stress indices, and the other was fixed in 10% formalin solution for histopathological investigation.

Results and conclusion

Treatment with BOL resulted in significant reproductive damage caused by increased levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione. Downregulation of the levels of serum testosterone and reduction in semen quantity, sperm count, and motility were also detected in the BOL group. Histopathological examinations showed severe degenerative changes in the testes. Immunohistochemical examination indicated severe reduction in the proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive spermatogonia in the BOL-treated group as compared with the control. Coadministration of NEC with BOL effectively reduces BOL-induced testicular damage and oxidative stress in male albino rats.
Oculocardiac reflex in phacoemulsification
Authors: Dandekar Prajakta , Mohan Sanil , Baranwal Vinod
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

This study compares the vital parameters and pain experienced during phacoemulsification under peribulbar and topical anesthesia to determine the incidence of OCR.

Methods:

One hundred six patients are enrolled for phacoemulsification in a prospective and randomized study. Fifty-two patients undergo surgery in a peribulbar block (Group PB) and 54 in topical anesthesia (Group TA). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse rate are recorded during a preoperative check-up and at four other steps of surgery. Pain experienced during surgery and on a postoperative day, 5, is graded with a verbal analogue scale. OCR defined as a decrease in pulse rate by greater than 20% is calculated. Chi-square test, Fisher‘s exact test, paired t test and the comparison of means give the statistical analysis. A value of P < 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results:

MAP readings at baseline versus MAP at other steps of surgery show a trend towards rising with a P value of < 0.05 in both groups. Pulse rate measured at all steps of surgery versus baseline pulse rate in Group TA shows P < 0.05. OCR is present in nine patients in peribulbar block verses eleven patients in topical anesthesia with P value of 0.687. The pain scores using verbal analogue scale were higher in Group TA compared with Group PB with a P < 0.0001.

Conclusion:

Oculocardiac reflex can occur during phacoemulsification under both peribulbar block and topical anesthesia, and the difference is not significant.
One-year Profile of Eye Diseases in Infants (PEDI) in secondary (rural) eye care centers in South India
Authors: Jain Mayank , Anjani Pratap , Krishnamurthy Gayatri , Sachdeva Virender , Kekunnaya Ramesh
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to report the proportion and patterns of eye diseases observed among infants seen at two rural eye care centers in South India.

Methods:

A retrospective review of case records of infants seen between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017 at two rural secondary eye care centers attached to L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad. Data were collected regarding their demographic profile, the pattern of eye problems observed, management at the facility itself, and need for referrals.

Results:

During this period, a total of 3092 children were seen. Among them, 141 were infants (4.56%, 71 boys: 70 girls, median age: 8 months). Twenty-five percent of infants were less than 6 months of age. The most common eye problem was congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (n = 76, 53.90%), followed by conjunctivitis (n = 33, 23.40%), retinopathy of prematurity (n = 4, 2.84%) and strabismus (n = 3, 2.13%). One case each of congenital cataract and suspected retinoblastoma were identified. Majority of the cases (58.8%) belonged to the oculoplastic and orbital surgery sub-specialty. Sixteen percent of the infants (n = 23) had sight-threatening eye problems. Twenty percent (n = 28) were referred to tertiary care hospital for further management.

Conclusion:

Profile of eye disease in infants in secondary or rural eye care centers ranged from simple to complex, including sight-threatening diseases. While our study concluded that nearly 4/5th of these eye problems were simple and could be managed by a well-trained comprehensive ophthalmologist, 20% of these cases required a referral to a tertiary care center.
Subjective and objective measures of the patient experience before, during, and after intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections
Authors: Mekala Suresh , Dhoble Pankaja , Vishwaraj CR , Khodifad Ashish M , Hess Olivia M , Lavanya GS
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

To assess patient experience of intravitreal injections using vital-signs, visual-experience, pain-rating and emotional response during intravitreal anti-VEGF injections.

Methods:

A prospective observational study of patient experience of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections done following metrics were collected pre-injection, during injection, and post-injection: pain assessment using visual analog score, fear-response rating, visual-experience questionnaire, and vital-signs.

Results:

A total of one-hundred-and-seventy-four patients undergoing intravitreal anti-VEGF injections for retinal pathologies were included in the study. Mean age was 58.8 ± 10.4 years in <5 injection group (n = 133) and 59.02 ± 9.0 years in ≥5 injection group (n = 41) (P = 0.90).During injection, 90.2% of patients in <5 injection group reported moderate or severe pain compared to 78% of patients in ≥5 injection group. In pre and post-injection phases, mild-to-moderate pain was reported in both groups (P = <0.001). Ninety-two (52.9%) patients reported having a mild frightening experience. There was no statistical significance in patients assessment of fear with respect to age, sex, or number of injections. The Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) during and following injection ((SBP 171.7 ± 21.1,150.8 ± 16.2) procedures was significantly higher in cases with <5 injections when comparing to cases with >5 injections (SBP 159.7 ± 26.4, 143.2 ± 17.0) (P = 0.003), (P = 0.011). DBP, heart rate, pulse rate measurements were similar among patients in all phases of the study.

Conclusion:

We report a large sample size with comprehensive assessments of the patient experience. Higher pain ratings in the <5 injection group, the increase in the SBP in the pre-and during injection phases, and the overall rating of mild-to-moderate fear during the procedure.
Ultra-wide field retinal imaging
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Surve Abhidnya , Kumawat Devesh , Takkar Brijesh , Azad Shorya , Chawla Rohan , Shroff Daraius , Arora Atul , Singh Ramandeep , Venkatesh Pradeep
Published: March 2021

The peripheral retina is affected in a variety of retinal disorders. Traditional fundus cameras capture only a part of the fundus even when montaging techniques are used. Ultra-wide field imaging enables us to delve into the retinal periphery in greater detail. It not only facilitates assessing color images of the fundus, but also fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, fundus autofluorescence, and red and green free images. In this review, a literature search using the keywords “ultra-widefield imaging”, “widefield imaging”, and “peripheral retinal imaging” in English and non-English languages was done and the relevant articles were included. Ultra-wide field imaging has made new observations in the normal population as well as in eyes with retinal disorders including vascular diseases, degenerative diseases, uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, retinal and choroidal tumors and hereditary retinal dystrophies. This review aims to describe the utility of ultra-wide field imaging in various retinal disorders.
Profile of congenital cataract in the first year of life from a tertiary care center in South India – A modern series
Authors: Singh Vivek Mahendrapratap , Badakere Akshay , Patil-Chhablani Preeti , Kekunnaya Ramesh
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

To report the etiology, clinical presentation, and morphology of congenital cataract in a tertiary care center.

Methods:

It is a prospective cohort study conducted at L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad. All children with congenital cataract ≤ 12 months of age that required surgical intervention between August 2015 and July 2016 were included in the study. 109 such patients were subjected to meticulous history taking, pedigree charting, ocular, and systemic examination, B-scan, TORCH testing, clinical photographs, pediatrician consult and blood tests, which included serum calcium, serum phosphorous and urine for reducing sugars.

Results:

The mean age of presentation was 4.1 months (±2.6 months) and both the genders were equally affected (P = 0.49). Eighty-five patients (77.9%) presented with bilateral cataracts while 24 patients had a unilateral presentation (22.1%). The common morphological presentation was either a total or a nuclear cataract, both variants noticed in 47 patients (43.1%). TORCH infections were responsible for a maximum (37 patients, 33.4%) number of cases followed by familial (20 patients, 18%) and developmental anomalies (11 patients, 10.1%) while the total number of idiopathic cases were 24% (27 patients). Eighteen patients (16.5%) had congenital heart defects and the majority (16 patients, 88.9%) of these had positive TORCH titres.

Conclusion:

Familial cataract and those possibly due to TORCH are still the predominant cause of congenital cataract in this series-highlighting the role of vaccination and preventive measures.
Surgical strategy for third nerve palsy with aberrant regeneration
Authors: Chaurasia Shweta , Sharma Pradeep , Kishore Pranav , Rasal Abhijit
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

Our study aimed to evaluate the outcome of contralateral eye (CE) fixation duress squint surgery (FDSS) in third nerve palsy (3rd NP) with aberrant regeneration and compare the postoperative ptosis correction with preoperative ptosis improvement on adduction.

Methods:

Patients of 3rd NP with aberrant regeneration who underwent CE FDSS between December 2012-July 2015 in a tertiary-care eye hospital with a follow-up period of 1-year were retrospectively studied to analyze preoperative and postoperative details. Surgical success was defined as the correction of ptosis within 1 mm of preoperative ptosis improvement during maximal adduction of the affected eye, postoperative alignment ≤10Δ, and resolution of subjective diplopia in primary position.

Results:

A total of 14 eyes in 14 patients (mean age 23.6 ± 13.6 years) were included. Mean preoperative exotropia and ptosis in primary position in 14 patients was 53.4 ± 20pd and 4.89 ± 2.9 mm, respectively, and mean hypotropia in 6 patients was 23.67 ± 5.89pd. The mean improvement of ptosis on adduction and supraduction in all patients was 4.07 ± 2.64 mm and 2.89 ± 2.22 mm, respectively (P = 0.213). All patients underwent large recession of CE lateral rectus (mean 12.4 ± 2.7 mm), 9 patients underwent CE medial rectus resection/plication (mean 6.0 ± 0.9 mm) and 6 patients underwent CE superior rectus recession (mean 6.6 ± 0.67 mm). Postoperatively, mean ptosis and exotropia correction was 3.7 ± 2.4 mm (P = 0.000) and 15 ± 9.6pd (P = 0.000), respectively, and mean hypotropia was 2.17 ± 4.02pd (P = 0.000). Surgical success was achieved in 6 patients. Postoperative ptosis correction showed strong positive correlation with preoperative improvement of ptosis on adduction (r = 0.87; P = 0.00).

Conclusion:

Preoperative lid excursion on adduction in 3rd NP can be regarded as a prognostic sign of the success of CE FDSS which can simultaneously correct both ptosis and squint.
Imaging the pediatric retina
Authors: Agarwal Komal , Vinekar Anand , Chandra Parijat , Padhi Tapas Ranjan , Nayak Sameera , Jayanna Sushma , Panchal Bhavik , Jalali Subhadra , Das Taraprasad
Published: March 2021

Recent decade has seen a shift in the causes of childhood blinding diseases from anterior segment to retinal disease in both developed and developing countries. The common retinal disorders are retinopathy of prematurity and vitreoretinal infections in neonates, congenital anomalies in infants, and vascular retinopathies including type 1 diabetes, tumors, and inherited retinal diseases in children (up to 12 years). Retinal imaging helps in diagnosis, management, follow up and prognostication in all these disorders. These imaging modalities include fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography, retinal vascular and structural studies, and electrodiagnosis. Over the decades there has been tremendous advances both in design (compact, multifunctional, tele-consult capable) and technology (wide- and ultra-wide field and noninvasive retinal angiography). These new advances have application in most of the pediatric retinal diseases though at most times the designs of new devices have remained confined to use in adults. Poor patient cooperation and insufficient attention span in children demand careful crafting of the devices. The newer attempts of hand-held retinal diagnostic devices are welcome additions in this direction. While much has been done, there is still much to do in the coming years. One of the compelling and immediate needs is the pediatric version of optical coherence tomography angiography. These needs and demands would increase many folds in future. A sound policy could be the simultaneous development of adult and pediatric version of all ophthalmic diagnostic devices, coupled with capacity building of trained medical personnel.
Outcomes of keratoplasty in a cohort of Indian patients with xeroderma pigmentosum
Authors: Durgam Shravya Sri , Mohamed Ashik , Ramappa Muralidhar , Chaurasia Sunita
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the outcomes of keratoplasty for xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) performed at a tertiary eye care center.

Methods:

A retrospective review of medical records of those patients who were clinically diagnosed to have XP (54 eyes of 36 patients) and underwent keratoplasty; either deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK, four eyes), endothelial keratoplasty (EK, eight eyes), or penetrating keratoplasty (PK, 42 eyes) from 1994 to 2018.

Results:

The median age at surgery was 20.6 years (interquartile range [IQR], 14.6–27.6 years) and 20 (55.6%) were males. Graft failure occurred in 15 eyes (35.7%) in the PK group and two eyes (50%) in the DALK group; none failed in the EK group. The probability of graft survival in the PK group was 97.2% ± 2.7% at 1 year, 74.0% ± 8.0% at 2 years, and 54.8% ± 11.7% at 5 years. In the PK group, 13 eyes needed antiglaucoma medications, 11 eyes developed graft infiltrate, and 13 eyes needed secondary interventions (cataract surgery, excision biopsy, and tarsorrhaphy). In the EK group, three eyes needed secondary interventions (excision biopsy). Median postoperative endothelial cell density at the last follow-up in the PK group was 1214 cells/mm2 (IQR, 623–2277 cells/mm2).

Conclusion:

Despite the complexities of the ocular surface and adnexal issues in XP, keratoplasty had reasonably good outcomes. More than half of the PK grafts survived 5 years with no failures in the EK group. Regular follow-up and timely management of suture-related infections raised intraocular pressure, and suspicious ocular surface lesions, in addition to solar protection, are important for the success of keratoplasty in these eyes.
RetiSurge - Enabling “Dry Lab” vitreoretinal surgical training during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chhabra Kanika , Khanna Vaibhav , Vedachalam Rajesh , Sindal Manavi
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in reduction of patient volumes in Ophthalmology. With only emergency surgical procedures being performed with few elective surgical procedures, surgical volumes are at an all-time low. This has resulted in decreased surgical training opportunities for trainee surgeons. We developed a simple, cost-effective, 3D printed model eye – RetiSurge – for “Dry Lab” vitreoretinal surgery training. The model incorporates a retinal film that can be changed, making it suitable for multiple uses. The RetiSurge model can be used to practice visualization, instrument manipulation and endolaser photocoagulation. RetiSurge can be sterilized by ethylene oxide and is safe for use inside the operating room. RetiSurge is a simple, cost-effective, and reusable model eye for early training in Vitreoretinal surgery.
Post COVID-19 opportunistic candida retinitis
Authors: Bhagali Ridhima , Prabhudesai Nitin P , Prabhudesai Medha N
Published: March 2021

A 42-year-old male patient presented with profound impairment of vision in both eyes, just as he was recovering from COVID-19. A known diabetic and hypertensive, he suffered from COVID-19 pneumonia further complicated by ARDS, septicaemia and acute kidney injury. His vision on presentation was finger counting close to face bilaterally with multiple, yellowish lesions at the posterior pole. Based on the clinical findings and previous blood culture report, it was diagnosed as candida retinitis and treated with oral and intravitreal anti-fungals. The lesions were regressing at follow-up. This is a post COVID-19 presumed candida retinitis case report.
Perception among ophthalmologists about webinars as a method of continued medical education during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rana Rimpi , Kumawat Devesh , Sahay Pranita , Gour Neeraj , Patel Siddharth , Samanta Ramanuj , Singh Anupam , Mittal Sanjeev
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

To ascertain ophthalmologist‘s perceptions about webinars as a method of continued medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

In a cross-sectional study, a 21-question survey was circulated using digital media platform to approximately 1400 ophthalmologists in India between 16th August 2020 to 31st August 2020. The questionnaire focussed on the quality and usefulness of webinars based on the Bloom‘s taxonomy. The responses (on 4- or 5-point Likert scale) were analyzed among three professional groups- ophthalmologists in-training, consultants in public sector, and private practitioners.

Results:

393 ophthalmologists participated in the survey, with a response rate of 28%. The mean age was 34.6 ± 9.7 years, and males constituted 49.6% (199/393) of the respondents. Forty-seven percent of the respondents perceived the quality of webinars as good or excellent (185/393), 72.8% reported knowledge gain from webinars (286/393), and 63.9% felt that webinars are important in clinical practice and should continue post-COVID-19 pandemic (251/393), with distinct responses among the professional groups. The drawbacks perceived were overt number of webinars (371; 94.4%), confusion regarding which webinars to attend (313; 79.6%), repetition of the information (296; 75.3%), limited opportunity for participant interaction (146; 37.2%) and disparate weightage to the core disciplines of Ophthalmology.

Conclusion:

Most respondents had favorable perceptions of Ophthalmology webinars happening during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is need for improvisation in the volume of webinars, target-audience-based delivery, and participant interaction to add value to this new dimension of teaching-learning.
Neuro-ophthalmic presentation of COVID-19 disease
Authors: Katti Venkatram , Ramamurthy Lakshmi B , Kanakpur Savitha , Shet Satish D , Dhoot Manisha
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 is a respiratory virus, which has affected various organ systems as well. Here we report a neuro-ophthalmic presentation of pituitary apoplexy under the setting of COVID-19 infection in a middle-aged man who presented to ophthalmic emergency with sudden bilateral loss of vision along with a history of fever past 10 days. There was sluggishly reacting pupils and RT-PCR for COVID was positive. Imaging pointed the diagnosis as pituitary macroadenoma with apopexy. In view of pandemic situation, patient was given symptomatic treatment as per the protocols and stabilized. Vision also showed improvement to some extent and the patient is awaiting neurosurgery
Impact of COVID-19 on Indian optometrists
Authors: Sehgal Shivalika , Shinde Lakshmi , Madheswaran Gopinath , Mukherjee Paula , Verkicharla Pavan , Easwaran Soumya , Bandamwar Kalika
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

The optometry profession has experienced massive changes amid lockdown in COVID 19 pandemic. This study gauges the impact of COVID-19 on optometry education and practices in India.

Methods:

The impact of COVID-19 among key stakeholders of Indian optometry that included educators, students, and practitioners was surveyed. The content validity of the survey tool was achieved through a focused group discussion with experts.

Results:

Of the 1408 responses, 118 were educators, 845 were students and 445 were practitioners. Post COVID-19 lock-down, a high percentage of students (96%) and educators (94%) were now using online mode of education to learn and teach. The blended learning methods were reported to be used by 81% of educators. Practical skills were the most difficult to teach by educators and to learn by students. Almost a third of the students were concerned about their internships and job opportunities amid the pandemic. Practitioners felt confident in performing routine eye examinations with personal protective equipment (PPE). Telemedicine was found to be adopted by 55% of the private practitioners and 49% of the eye hospitals.

Conclusion:

The COVID-19 pandemic has provided an opportunity to reform Indian optometry education through blended learning methods. Optometry practices changed and adapted instantly to the new hygiene norms that have raised the standard of care provided to patients. Telemedicine emerged as a mode of providing care by optometrists. Overall, all key stakeholders of optometry in India were found to have adapted well to the sudden changes due to COVID 19 pandemic.
Third molar impaction in different facial types and mandibular length
Authors: Hasan K. Moinuddin , Sobhana C. R. , Rawat Saurabh Kumar , Singh Deepika , Mongia Prakhar , Fakhruddin Ansari
Published: March 2021

Background:

The etiology of mandibular third molar impaction is proposed to be mainly due to inadequate space between the distal of the second mandibular molar and the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible. This study was aimed to assess whether an association exists between different facial types and mandibular length to impaction of mandibular third molars.

Materials and Methods:

The study consisted of 170 patients who were assessed for facial type clinically based on facial index and mandibular length radiographically on lateral cephalogram. The impaction status was determined clinically and radiographically on orthopantomogram. The facial type was categorized as euryprosopic (broad face), mesoprosopic (normal facial type), leptoprosopic (long face), hypereuryprosopic (extra broad face), and hyperleptoprosopic (extra long face).

Results:

Of 170 patients, 18.8% of cases were with hypereuryprosopic profile, 33.5% of cases with euryprosopic profile, 24.7% with mesoprosopic profile, 21.8% with leptoprosopic, and 1.2% with hyperleptoprosopic profile were found. Nearly 42.2% of cases with hypereuryprosopic profile, 52.6% of cases with euryprosopic profile, 53.6% cases of mesoprosopic profile, and 60.3% cases of hyperleptoprosopic and leptoprosopic profile had impacted mandibular third molars. As for mandibular length assessment, 66% cases of short mandibular length, 64.5% cases of normal mandibular length, and 27.9% cases of long mandibular length had impaction.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that, though a higher incidence of impacted third molar was noted in patients with long facial pattern, no significant difference could be established among facial types and their association with impacted mandibular third molars. A significant association was noted between mandibular length and impaction.
Transoral robotic surgery for angiomyxoma of upper alveolus
Authors: Nair Swati , Vijay Deepika M. , Venkatakarthikeyan C.
Published: March 2021

Angiomyxomas are benign, slow-growing mesenchymal tumors. Intraoral angiomyxoma are extremely rare with very few reported cases in the existing literature. The primary line of management is surgical resection with a long-term follow-up, due to their tendency to recur. Here, we report a rare case of angiomyxoma of the upper alveolus eroding the hard palate and extending into the maxillary antrum, in a middle-aged male. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) was performed due to the nature of the tumor (bulky benign lesion with bony erosion), inaccessibility and poor visualization of the superior extent of the tumor. The three-dimensional endoscopic camera and flexible robotic arms allowed easy dissection around the tumor margins and en bloc resection of the tumor. The patient had a smooth recovery with the best possible functional outcome. This is the first case of robot-assisted excision of a large benign oral tumor with superior extension through erosion of the palate and can be included as an extended indication of TORS.
Association of maternal periodontal health with preterm birth and a low birth weight among newborns
Authors: Jyotirmay  , Kumar Amit , Gulati Saakshi , Kumari Stuti , Nazeer Jazib , Singh Pankaj
Published: March 2021

Background:

Despite numerous advancements in prenatal and natal care, complications arising in pregnancy and related to child-birth are major concerns in public health. Various risk factors responsible for poor outcomes include - life-style, biological, social, infectious, hormonal, and metabolic conditions. Oral diseases have been identified as a risk factor for low birth weight both under preterm and at-term states.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to find an association of maternal periodontal health with preterm births and low birth weight among newborn infants.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional observational study comprising of 300 pregnant females who had underwent child deliveries within the past 24 h with an age range of 21–30 years. Study participants were selected after interviewing for gestational history and obtaining prior informed consent. Postpartum female subjects following delivery within a time period of 24 h were included in the study. Gingival index (by Loe and Silness) was calculated for the evaluation of bleeding from gingival tooth surfaces. All data tabulations were done by performing statistical analysis into Microsoft Excel Worksheet 2007.

Results:

Mean age group of study participants was calculated to be 25 years. On analyzing brushing frequency, it was observed that approximately 40% brushed three times daily whereas 35% used to brush twice daily while the remaining, 25% brushed only once daily. No statistical significance was obtained on comparing brushing frequency with gingival health (P = 0.8). Similarly, no association was found between periodontal health and preterm low weight child births.

Conclusion:

This study found no association between maternal periodontal health and preterm and low-birth weight births among newborns.
Nasoorbitoethmoid fractures in a tertiary care hospital of eastern India
Authors: Pati Debashish , Mishra Niranjan , Kar Indubhusan , Meher Brundabati , Samal Dipti , Rath Krushna Chandra
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to report on the pattern of occurrence of nasoorbitoethmoid (NOE) fractures in Odisha and the various factors that influence their distribution.

Methods:

The study period was from January 1, 2016 to December 15, 2017. After approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, all patients diagnosed with naso-orbito-ethmoid fractures reporting to the department of OMFS and Level-1 trauma centers were included in the study. Sociodemographic data along with the etiology and type of fracture were mentioned. Associated injuries to other body parts were noted. Open reduction was possible only in five cases of NOE fractures. The treatment plan including the operative approach and postoperative results was evaluated.

Results:

A total of 1192 patients with facial fracture were seen, of which 52 (4.36%) patients had NOE fractures. Males far outnumbered females in a ratio of 9:1. Thirty-three patients (63.46%) had unilateral NOE fracture, while the rest 19 (36.54%) had bilateral NOE fracture. Sixteen (30.76%) cases were classified as Type I, 35 (67.30%) as Type II, and 1 (1.92%) as Type III. Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of NOE fractures (69%), followed by fall (17%) and assault (10%). The most common neurological injury to be associated with NOE fractures was pneumocephalus (29%), followed by diffuse axonal injury (8%). Telecanthus (100%) was found to be the primary clinical feature in patients of NOE fracture, followed by a depressed nasal bridge (92%). Fracture of the nasal bone was invariably associated with NOE fracture. Complications observed due to untreated NOE fractures included a shortened and retruded nose, shortened palpebral fissures, telecanthus, and enophthalmos.

Conclusion:

Contemporary management of NOE complex fractures demands precise diagnosis and immediate surgical management with anatomic reduction and rigid fixation of the involved bone segments. With an improvement in socioeconomic status and increased awareness among maxillofacial surgeons, hopefully, a greater number of NOE fracture patients will avail the benefits of open reduction in future.