bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KINERJA SISTEM PENDINGIN RUANG PALKAH IKAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN REFRIGERAN R-22 DAN HIDROKARBON (MC-22)
Authors: Jumhan Amri , Cappenberg Audri Deacy
Published: May 2021

Proses pendinginan atau refrigerasi sangat diperlukan oleh nelayan untuk mempertahankan mutu dari hasil tangkapan ikan. Dan perlu adanya teknologi pendinginan ikan yang mampu digunakan dalam jangka waktu lama. Teknik refrigerasi modern yang digunakan dengan mengaplikasikan refrigeran sebagai media utama pengganti es balok. Pada saat ini, refrigeran yang umum dipakai dalam proses pendinginan yaitu dengan menggunakan jenis R-22 yang ke depannya harus digantikan dengan refrigeran lain yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan aman. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencoba mengganti dengan refrigeran hidrokarbon MC-22 pada sistem pendingin kompresi uap. Pada penelitian ini difokuskan pada kinerja kompresor dan koefisien prestasi pada objek kapal KM. Putra Berlian dengan kapasitas muatan ikan mencapai 100 ton. Dari analisis yang telah dilakukan refrigeran keluar dari evaporator -20°C. Refrigeran keluar dari kompresor 40°C. Refrigeran keluar dari kondensor 32°C. Dan refrigeran keluar katup ekspansi menuju evaporator -20°C dengan daya pendingin 60 kW. Dari penghitungan pada sistem refrigerasi ini didapat hasil bahwa terdapat kenaikan kerja kompresor 45% dan penurunan COP 45%. Kata kunci :     refrigerasi, kapal ikan, refrigeran R-22, refrigeran MC-22, kompresor, COP.
DESAIN SLIDE ADJUSTER KURSI TRUK MENGGUNAKAN METODE TRIZ
Authors: Anwar Choirul
Published: May 2021

The increasing competition in the selling price of the vehicle makes the OEM lot of cost reduction programs to obtain competitive prices. The OEM's main program is to provide handling of product design to production to suppliers. One of its products is the slide adjuster of truck seats. The difficulties encountered by local suppliers are complex design, lack of product knowledge and new players. In an effort to answer the challenge, the supplier uses TRIZ method to create the design concept. The results of the design concepts obtained can provide price reductions due to the results of function analysis can be done component reduction. The decision is based on the result of different component functions and patent study. For structural strength of the slide adjuster verification with CAE with maximal 357.4 MPa stopper strength in bracket lock. Rattle slide obtained maximum 2.775 mm y direction. Slide load obtained 82.5 N. TRIZ method can effectively be used to design slide truck seat adjuster products.
PENGARUH TEKANAN POMPA BAHAN BAKAR TEKANAN TINGGI TERHADAP KINERJA MESIN
Authors: Sumardiyanto Didit , Susilowati Sri Endah
Published: May 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui  pengaruh  pompa injeksi bahan bakar tekanan tinggi terhadap kinerja sebuah mesin pada mesin penggerak utama MV. ALAM JAYA II yang menggunakan mesin diesel YANMAR type M22-EN. Berdasarkan data-data yang diperoleh dilapangan, setelah dilakukan pembahasan bahwa tekanan pompa injeksi berpengaruh pada kinerja mesin diesel. Untuk tekanan pompa injeksi sebesar 820 kgf/cm2, kinerja yang dihasilkan mesin adalah : Daya Indikator 1204 kgf/cm2, Daya Efektif 1016 kgf/cm2, Efisiensi Thermal Efektif 32,0% dan konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik sebesar 192 g/hp.h. Sedangkan setelah dilakukan perbaikan pompa injeksi, tekanan pompa menjadi 1120 kgf/cm2, kinerja yang dihasilkan oleh mesin adalah : Daya efektif 1399 hp, Daya Efektif 1195 hp, Efisiensi Thermal Efektif : 37.32%, dan Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Spesifik sebesar 165.7 g/hp.h Dengan adanya perbaikan pompa injeksi sehingga dapat menaikkan tekanan injeksi dari 880 kgf/cm2 menjadi 1120 kgf/cm2, maka kinerja mesin dapat ditingkatkan Kata kunci: mesin diesel,pompa injeksi, kinerja mesin AbstractThis research was conducted to determine the effect of high pressure fuel injection pump on the performance of a machine on the MV main drive engine. ALAM JAYA II which uses the YANMAR type M22-EN diesel engine. Based on the data obtained in the field, after discussion that the injection pump pressure affects the performance of the diesel engine. For injection pump pressure of 820 kgf /cm2, the engine performance is: Indicator Power 1204 kgf /cm2, Effective Power of 1016 kgf /cm2, Effective Thermal Efficiency of 32.0% and specific fuel consumption of 192 g / hp.h. Whereas after the injection pump repairs, the pump pressure becomes 1120 kgf / cm2, the performance produced by the engine is: Effective 1399 hp, Effective 1195 hp, Effective Thermal Efficiency: 37.32%, and Specific Fuel Consumption of 165.7 g / hp. H With the improvement of the injection pump so that it can increase the injection pressure from 880 kgf / cm2 to 1120 kgf /cm2, the engine performance can be improvedKeywords: diesel engine, injection pump, engine performance
Karakteristik Reologi Komposit Serbuk Cangkang Kemiri dan Poliuretan
Authors: Mahyoedin Yovial , Dewi Kurnia Harlina , Marthiana Wenny , Arman Rizky , Azhari Ridho
Published: May 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan menentukan karakteristik reologi komposit serbuk cangkang kemiri (SCK) berukuran 45µm<d<75µm dan resin Poliuretan (PU) dengan komposisi bervariasi, yaitu 5%:95%, 10%:90%, 15%:85%. Pencampuran SCK dan PU dilakukan dengan mechanical mixer dengan kecepatan dan lama pengadukan masing-masing 10, 15 dan 20 menit dan 100, 200 dan 250 rpm. Reologi komposit diperoleh dengan pengujian rotational viscometer dan dioptimasi dengan metoda Taguchi. Penelitian menunjukkan viskositas terkecil 218,66 mPa.s, ditemukan pada komposit dengan komposisi 5% 95%, waktu pengadukan 15 menit dan kecepatan pengadukan 100 rpm.  Kata kunci: Serbuk cangkang kemiri, Poliuretan, Viskositas, Reologi.  Abstract This study aimed to determine the composite rheological characteristics of candlenut shells (SCK) with particle size of 45µm <d <75µm and polyurethane (PU) resins with varying compositions, namely 5%: 95%, 10%: 90%, 15%: 85%. Mixing of SCK and PU is carried out using mechanical mixers with a speed and stirring time of 10, 15 and 20 minutes and 100, 200 and 250 rpm, respectively. Composite rheology was obtained by rotational viscometer testing and optimized by the Taguchi method. The results showed the smallest viscosity of 218.66 mPa.s, found in composites with a composition of 5% 95%, stirring time of 15 minutes and stirring speed of 100 rpm. Keywords: candlenut shell, polyurethane, viscosity, rheology
EVALUASI HASIL HARDFACING ELEKTRODA HV 350 PASCA QUENCHING MEDIA AIR, COOLANT DAN OLI
Authors: Sopiyan Sopiyan , Syamsuir Syamsuir , Nofendri Yos
Published: May 2021

AbstrakTeknik hardfacing merupakan pengerasan permukaan dengan menambahkan unsur atau lapisan terertentu agar sifat logam induk menjadi lebih keras. Pada blade buldozer umumnya dikeraskan dengan memberikan lapisan hasil pengelasan dengan elektroda khusus. Elektroda tersebut memiliki sifat kekerasan yang tinggi, sehingga blade pada buldozer tidak cepat aus. Dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan dua kali proses quenching. Pertama dengan menggunakan air ketika selesai proses pengelasan. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pemanasan kembali dalam tungku kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses quenching dengan dua media yang berbeda yaitu oli dan coolant. Dari hasil yang penelitian didapatkan hasil kesimpulan, media coolant merupakan media yang paling optimal dalam meningkatkan kekerasan dari hasil hardfacing. Nilai kekerasan yang didapatkan dari hasil pencelupan dengan media coolant adalah sebesar 299,73 HV Kata kunci: Hardfacing, HV 350, Quenching dan Kekerasan AbstractHardfacing technique is surface hardening by adding certain elements or layers so that the nature of the parent metal becomes harder. On the bulldozer blade is generally hardened by giving a layer of welding results with special electrodes. The electrode has high hardness properties, so the blade of the bulldozer does not wear out quickly. In this research two quenching processes will be carried out. First by using water when the welding process is complete. Then proceed with reheating in the furnace then proceed with the process of quenching with two different media namely oil and coolant. From the results of the study concluded, coolant media is the most optimal media in increasing the hardness of the results of hardfacing. The hardness value obtained from the dyeing with coolant media is 299.73 HV Keywords: Hardfacing, HV 350, Quenching and Hardness
Analisis Pengeringan Kopi Menggunakan Oven Pengering Hybrid (Solar Thermal Dan Biomassa) Di Desa Gununghalu
Authors: Chan Yefri , Sugiyanto Didik , Uyun Aep Saeful
Published: May 2021

Salah satu proses dalam pengolahan biji kopi menjadi bubuk kopi adalah pengeringan biji kopi yang dapat dilakukan secara natural maupun biji kopi yang sudah dikupas kulit luarnya (honey), proses pengeringan yang umum digunakan adalah pengeringan matahari langsung, proses ini bisa membutuhkan waktu lama dan terkendala dengan tingkat curah hujan yang tinggi terutama didaerah dataran tinggi seperti di desa Gununghalu, Dusun Tangsi Jaya, Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Untuk menjawab permasalahan ini maka dibuatlah mesin pengering Hybrid (Solar thermal dan biomassa).Mesin Pengering Hybrid untuk kopi ini memanfaatkan cahaya matahari dan pembakaran dari kayu atau ampas kopi sebagai bahan bakarnya,, ukuran dari oven pengering hybrid ini adalah panjang 8m, lebar 3m dan tinggi 2,4 m, tungku biomassa dengan dimensi panjang 1,2 m, lebar 1,2 m dan tinggi 1,3 m, kapasitas pengeringan 800 kg sekali proses. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan lama pengeringan kopi untuk proses natural selama 7 hari dan untuk proses honey selama 4 hari, suhu tertinggi dalam ruangan 51,9 oC, proses pengeringan ini lebih cepat 2 hari dibandingkan dengan pengeringan matahari langsung dan hasil pengeringan lebih higeinis.
Analisis Sistem Proteksi Kebakaran Gedung Laboratorium Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Riau
Authors: Reza Muhammad , Sasmita Aryo , Sadewo Ery Laksono
Published: May 2021

Sistem proteksi kebakaran digunakan untuk mendeteksi dan memadamkan kebakaran sedini mungkin dengan menggunakan peralatan yang digerakkan secara manual dan otomatis. Laboratorium Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universtias Riau merupakan salah satu bangunan yang memiliki potensi akan terjadinya kebakaran,  jika tidak memiliki sistem proteksi kebakaran yang memadai. Laboratorium tersebut memiliki mesin-mesin  yang  jika  tidak  dikelola  dengan baik akan menjadi pemicu terjadinya kebakaran. Menurut Badan  Litbang  Pekerjaan Umum, 2005 tentang Pemeriksaan  Keselamatan  Kebakaran  Gedung, setiap gedung  memiliki  4  komponen  utilitas,  yaitu Kelengkapan Tapak, Sarana Penyelamatan, Sistem Proteksi Aktif, dan Sistem Proteksi Pasif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan survei kondisi eksisting dan mencari data kepada kelembagaan atau instansi terkait. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana penerapan Sistem Proteksi Kebakaran di Fakultas Teknik Universitas Riau. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode  deskriptif  kuantitatif  dengan  desain studi kasus, hasil penelitian yang kemudian diolah dan dianalisis untuk diambil kesimpulannya. Penilaian kondisi keseluruhan sistem proteksi kebakaran Laboratorium Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Riau yaitu sebesar 72.5%. Menurut Pemeriksaan Keselamatan Kebakaran Bangunan Gedung tahun 2005 menunjukan bahwa kondisi sistem proteksi kebakaran pada bangunan Laboratorium Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Riau dalam kondisi cukup. Dengan kondisi yang ada ini diharapkan sistem proteksi dapat berfungsi dengan baik saat dibutuhkan bila sewaktu-waktu terjadi bahaya kebakaran.
Fabrikasi Lapisan Pada Baja 0,192 % C Sebagai Alternatif Pahat Bubut
Authors: Susetyo Ferry Budhi , Dwiyati Siska Titik , Hutomo M. Bagus Priyo
Published: May 2021

Baja karbon rendah memiliki harga yang cukup kompettitif jika dibandingkan dengan baja karbon menengah dan tinggi. Dengan melapisi baja karbon rendah dengan lapisan yang lebih keras akan menghemat biaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan pahat bubut yang memiliki nilai kekerasan yang tinggi dan harga yang murah. Metode yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan bahan baja karbon rendah kemudian dilakukan pengelasan pada permukaan dengan menggunakan elektroda JIS Z 3251 DF2B – 600 – R. Pengelasan pada permukaan ini bertujuan untuk menambahkan lapisan yang lebih keras dari baja karbon rendah. kemudian setelah itu spesimen dilakukan perlakuan panas dengan variasi waktu tahan selama 30 menit, 60 menit, dan 90 menit. Spesimen yang telah ditahan dengan tiga waktu yang berbeda kemudian dilakukan pendinginan cepat dengan dua media, yaitu coolant dan oli.  Kata kunci: hardfacing, perlakuan panas, pendinginan cepat
Potensi Antioksidan Sebagai Antidiabetes
Authors:   Pendidikan Kimia, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Erlidawati Erlidawati , Safrida Safrida , Mukhlis Mukhlis ,   Pendidikan Kimia, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: May 2021

Penulisan buku ini bertujuan untuk menjadi materi tambahan mata kuliah Kimia Bahan Alam pada Jurusan Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penulisan buku ini merupakan tindakan guna memenuhi tuntutan mahasiswa untuk mendapatkan materi kuliah yang sesuai dengan perkembangan keilmuan. Penulisan buku ini tidak mungkin tersaji tanpa bantuan berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, dalam kesempatan ini, tim penulis tidak lupa mengucapkan terima kasih yang tiada terhingga kepada keluarga, mahasiswa, teman-teman staf pengajar Jurusan Pendidikan Kimia dan FKIP yang telah memberikan dorongan sehingga buku ini dapat selesai.
Tektonofisik
Authors:   Pendidikan Dokter, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Setiawan Bambang
Published: May 2021

Pengetahuan dasar dari sifat kedinamikan bumi yang dikenal sebagai tektonik lempeng bagi para calon ahli Teknik kebumian sangat penting dikuasai untuk bisa mengerti mengenai tidak hanya sejarah perkembangan bumi tetapi juga mekanisme pembentukannya dan pengaruhnya pada bentang alam secara keseluruhan. Pengetahuan tentang tektonik lempeng akan terkait dengan sifat fisik bumi struktur penyusun bumi, distribusi kegempaan, vulkanisme dan cekungan pengendapan. Pengetahuan tentang hal-hal tersebut tercakup ke dalam Mata Kuliah (MK) Tektonofisik. Dengan berbekal pengetahuan akan konsep-konsep tektonofisik ini diharapkan para mahasiswa dapat mendapatkan gambaran global kondisi bumi secara keseluruhan sehingga mampu menelaah aspek keekonomian dan bencana geologi yang menjadi target utama dalam mata kuliah ini.
Asmara: Ayo Sehat Bersama Para Lansia
Authors:   Keperawatan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Zubaili Muhammad , Jayanti Afrida ,   Keperawatan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Rahmi Alfiatur ,   Keperawatan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Akbar Wildan ,   Keperawatan, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: May 2021

Buku “Ayo Sehat Bersama Para Lansia (ASMARA)” ini berisi tentang Posbindu dan penjelasan tentang penyakit yang sering dialami oleh lansia oleh Tim PKM-M Asmara dapat menjadi bahan bacaan bagi Kader dan Masyarakat sekalian.
Sintesis Membran Poliuretan Berbasis Bahan Alam
Authors:   Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Marlina Marlina , Saiful Saiful ,   Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Mustanir Mustanir ,   Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Saleha Sitti ,   Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Fathurrahmi Fathurrahmi ,   Universitas Syiah Kuala, Murniana Murniana ,   Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Khairan Khairan ,   Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: May 2021

Buku ini merupakan penjabaran hasil-hasil penelitian tentang sintesa membranpoliuretan dari berbagai bahan alam Aceh, khususnya minyak nabati dan rumput laut, yang sebagian besar didanai oleh Kemenristek-Dikti.
Kulinari Oriental Negara Cina
Authors:   Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Izwani Izwani , Indani Indani ,   Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Akmal Rifqi ,   Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: May 2021

Buku ini disusun untuk menjadi bahan belajar bagi mahasiswa mengenai materi kulinari Cina.Pembahasan tentang Kulinari Oriental Cina yang terdiri dari sejarah dan letak geografis negara Cina, perekonomian negara Cina, bahan makanan khas negara Cina, piranti negara Cina, makanan khas negara Cina, Aneka resep masakan negara Cina. Keseluruhan materi buku mengenai Kulinari Oriental Cina, disusun berdasarkan Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (RPS). Buku ini juga disusun berdasarkan kurikulum yang mengacu pada Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia (KKNI) dan ditunjang oleh referensi yang ada.
Empowering Women Through Education: A Study of Rural Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Kavita Suri
Published: May 2021

India has made many strides in the field of education in the past few decades but still the fact remains that our country is the home to the largest number of illiterate population in the world. About one-third of India's population is currently functionally illiterate and about 50% of the entire adult female population cannot read or write. The rate of illiteracy is particularly high in rural areas, especially among women. Women's education is crucial to the overall development of any country. In India, though much emphasis is being laid on the gender equality in terms of education, yet discrimination in access to education does exist. There is a rural and urban divide in access to education for women. In Jammu and Kashmir too, female literacy rate is quite low and stands at 58.01 percent. The rural female literacy rate in J&K is 53.36 percent to 70.19 percent for urban females which earlier in the Census of 2001 was 36.7% at rural and 61.9% at the urban level, respectively. Also, there is a large gap in the male and female literacy levels in this border state. The present study examines the issues of education for empowering women in the rural areas of Jammu and Kashmir and seeks to address the challenges towards education of rural women in Jammu and Kashmir.
Role Perceptions and Responsibilities in Children's Early Childhood Education: A Case Study of Indian Migrants in Melbourne
Authors: Patel Sweta , Agbenyega Joseph Seyram
Published: May 2021

This qualitative case study explores Indian migrant parents' perceptions of their roles and responsibilities in relation to their children's early year education (ECE) in Australia. The study involves face to face in-depth interviews with a small sample of six parents who had migrated to Australia not more than five years ago and had children attending an Australian ECE. We explored their participation in their children's education, the factors that prevented or facilitated their engagement, including how they perceived their parental roles and responsibilities. A framework analysis of the data points to limited participation of the parents in their children's education in spite of several opportunities for involvement as they felt that their children's teachers had more power than them. In addition, the parents were not quite happy with the schools regarding behaviour management strategies the teachers employed for reducing children's misbehaviour. Based on the findings we argue for early childhood teachers to build effective partnerships between migrant parents and promote effective education for all children.
Practices of Teachers' in Implementing Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluationan Exploratory Study
Authors: Chopra Vanita , Bhatia Ranjana
Published: May 2021

The present study reports on the practices adopted by the secondary school teachers of English in implementing the Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) scheme of the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), India which has to be implemented as part of its national assessment policy. The study is delimited to observing the formative assessment practices adopted by the English teachers in enhancing the four language skills along with using variety of tools and techniques as directed by Central Board of Secondary Education in the Teacher's Manual. This study was conducted on a group of twenty teachers chosen purposively from twenty schools (ten central government and ten private). The major findings reveal that almost all teachers use multiple activities for assessing the listening, speaking and writing skills of the students. Reading still remains a neglected skill in the classroom owing to lack of awareness among teachers to use innovative strategies for enabling them to enhance their reading habit with comprehension. In addition, teachers also make use of multiple criteria to assess the above skills along with assessing sub-skills for the same. It was also found that teachers use multiple forms of record maintenance and assessment for assessing the gifted students in the class. With regard to remediation and enrichment for the students less than 50% of the teachers' prefer not to use multiple strategies for remediation and enrichment.
Attitude of Undergraduate Students Towards the use of E-Learning
Authors: Dhamija Neelam
Published: May 2021

Information technology plays a vital role in our lives. Everything is influenced by information technology today. The students of each and every stream are dependent upon e-learning through the use of computers and internet availability. This study attempts to assess the attitude of undergraduate students towards the use of e-learning. For this purpose, 300 undergraduate students of Kurukshetra district were randomly selected. Attitude Scale for e-learning was developed and administered on them. To find out the significance of difference between different groups, t-test was applied. The overall results indicate that maximum undergraduate students have a positive attitude towards e-learning. No significant difference was found in the attitude of Arts and Science, Arts and Commerce as well as Science and Commerce undergraduate students towards the use of e-learning. However, significant difference was seen in the attitude of Male and Female and Urban and Rural undergraduate students towards the use of elearning.
Effect of Computer Assisted Instructions on Attitude Towards Environmental Pollution of Secondary School Students
Authors: Neerja Gautam  , Jyotpreet Kaur
Published: May 2021

The study was conducted to explore the effect of computer-assisted instructions developed by the researchers on environmental education of secondary school students. The study was conducted on the sample of 640 secondary school students studying in class IX of Amritsar district. The study employed a pre-test / post-test equivalent group experimental design. Results revealed that Computer Assisted Instruction as a technique was more effective in creating a positive attitude towards prevention of environmental pollution among students. The CAI is effective in generating environmental awareness among secondary school students. They are also independent of the residential area of the students for generating environmental awareness among secondary school students. However, they are dependent on the type of school and gender for generating environmental awareness among secondary school students.
Occupational Stress of Women Teachers in Relation to Certain Demographic Variables
Authors: Rani Anita , Sharma Shaveta
Published: May 2021

Job stress has become an important issue. It is regarded as one of the important occu- pational risks in the modern age. The objective of the present study was to find out the difference in occupational stress of women teachers concerning certain demographic variables. The study was conducted on 500 women teachers teaching in government and self-financed schools and colleges from five districts of Punjab. A multistage random sampling technique was employed. The results revealed that women teachers in government schools and urban areas and women teachers above 35 years of age have higher occupational stress. Based on the findings, it is recommended that workshops on Yoga and meditation camps for teachers be organised to reduce the level of occupational stress.
Cognitive Styles as Related to Scientific Attitude Among Adolescents
Authors: Kaur Sandeep , Sharma Shaveta
Published: May 2021

Cognitive styles are the consistent patterns of organising and processing information. It describes how the individual acquires knowledge (cognition) and processes information (conceptualisation). The present study is an attempt to study the relationship between cognitive styles and scientific attitude among adolescents. The sample comprised 400 adolescents from government and private schools in the four districts of Punjab. The Districts, schools and the adolescents were selected by using a simple random sampling technique. A descriptive survey method was employed. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant and positive relationship between cognitive styles and scientific attitude among adolescents with respect to gender, locale and type of institution.
Attitude of Secondary School Students Towards Science in Relation to Academic Achievement, Gender and Type of School
Authors: Bajaj Monika , Devi Surita
Published: May 2021

The study aims to assess the students’ attitude towards science in selected government and private schools at the secondary level in the Jammu district. A sample comprises 200 students from 5 private and government secondary schools of the Jammu district. The Science Attitude Scale (SAS) developed by Grewal (2012) was used to assess the students’ attitude towards science. The results show that the students in both government and private schools have a positive attitude towards science. This study revealed that secondary school students’ attitudes towards science differ significantly regarding their academic achievement. Female students were found to have a favourable attitude towards science as compared to their male counterparts. Results also showed that students at private schools possess a positive attitude towards science compared to students in government schools. They enjoy science and are ready to pursue their career in science as well.
Inculcation and Promotion of Values Through Life Skills Education at the School Level
Authors: Sharma Komal
Published: May 2021

Life skills education helps in the development of values among students at the school level to reach their full potential and prepare them for the challenges of everyday life. In this context, the entire process of education should be value-oriented and lead to skill development. The purpose of value inculcation through life skills education is to develop an integrated and balanced personality in the child. The study throws light on the ten core life skills of the World Health Organisation that are self-awareness, empathy, critical thinking, creative thinking, decision making, problem-solving, effective communication, interpersonal relationship, coping with stress and coping with emotions. The paper also highlights various teaching methods to instil values through life skills in a classroom such as class discussions, brainstorming, case studies etc.
Paciente con regurgitación: cómo estudiarla y cuáles son sus principales diagnósticos diferenciales
Authors: Dulbecco Mariela , Vargas Rodríguez Yolanda , Guzmán Mauricio
Published: May 2021

In gastroenterological practice, gastroesophageal reflux disease is one of the most frequent diagnoses. In this article the potential confounding of gastroesophageal reflux will be raised. According to the Montreal definition, “is a condition that develops when the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications.” However, it is becoming increasingly clear that sometimes symptoms suspected to be caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease are the expression of other functional and behavioral disorders or even structural lesions. From this complexity arise reflux confounding, where rumination and supragastric belching may present symptoms similar to gastroesophageal reflux disease, be initially treated with the proton pump inhibitor-based guidelines, and thus be mistakenly targeted. Likewise, regurgitation may be the symptomatic expression of different functional disorders and not exclusively a “typical” symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Hence the need and the challenge for the treating physician to correctly identify the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the patient’s symptoms for a correct therapeutic approach.
Perfil clínico-patológico de pacientes con pólipos vesiculares en la colecistectomía, en un hospital general de tercer nivel de Lima, Perú
Authors: Aliaga Ramos Josué , Barreda Costa Carlos , Tagle Arrospide Martín , Pinto Valdivia José , Aliaga Ramos Miluska
Published: May 2021

Introducción y objetivos. Las afecciones de la vesícula biliar son frecuentes en la práctica diaria. Algunas suelen ser subdiagnosticadas, como es el caso de los pólipos vesiculares, que muchas veces aparecen como hallazgo incidental al realizar una ultrasonografía abdominal o al examinar una vesícula extirpada por otra indicación. Sin embargo, pueden llegar a tener un impacto clínico muy importante si no se da un abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico adecuado. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir el perfil clínico-patológico de los pacientes con pólipos vesiculares, poniendo énfasis en los parámetros considerados como factores de riesgo para transformación maligna de los pólipos neoplásicos. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo. Se incluyeron los datos de pacientes que habían sido colecistectomizados en un hospital general, en Lima-Perú entre junio de 2013 y junio de 2016, por diferentes patologías de la vesícula biliar. Se registraron la edad, el sexo, la sintomatología y los hallazgos de la ultrasonografía en los pacientes con pólipos vesiculares. Se calculó la tasa global de pólipos vesiculares y sus diferentes subtipos histológicos con sus respectivas características. Resultados. En el período descrito se incluyeron 1712 colecistectomías y en 162 (9,4%) se encontraron pólipos vesiculares: colesterolósicos en 119 (86,9%), hiperplásicos en 10 (7,3%) y adenomatosos en 8 (5,8%). Se identificó que 108 (90,8%) de los pólipos colesterolósicos fueron menores de 10 mm y 6 (75%) de los adenomatosos fueron mayores de 10 mm. Conclusión. En este estudio observamos que la mayoría de los pólipos vesiculares resultaron asintomáticos, benignos y de buen pronóstico. Casi un 6% de los pólipos resultaron ser adenomatosos, subtipo que requiere una mayor atención por sus implicancias pronósticas.
The Security Council and the International Criminal Court: When Can the Security Council Defer a Case?
Authors: Obura Ken
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses the deferral power of the Security Council under Article 16 of the Rome Statute. It analyses the drafting history, provision and practice of Article 16 with a view to identifying the requirements that a situation should meet before the article may be invoked by the Security Council. The purpose is to provide guidance on the legal terrain within which the Security Council is authorised to act under Article 16, especially in light of its inconsistent invocation of the deferral power. The paper argues: firstly, that, being a creature of the law, the Security Council is governed and qualified by the law; and secondly, that Article 16 has unambiguously provided the parameters within which the Security Council should exercise its deferral power.
Selected Recent Institutional and Rule-Making Developments in the Law of the Sea (2015-2016)
Authors: Sipalla Humphrey S
Published: May 2021

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC or the Convention) is quite simply, the greatest treaty-making achievement of the United Nations (UN) era. This appraisal of the recent developments of 2015-16 in this legal regime that governs the oceans – waters, floor and subsoil thereof – which cover ‘over 70 percent of the surface of our planet’, focuses on its oft-ignored spect, that is, its institutional framework.
Countering Terrorism and Violet Extremism While Promoting the Right of Peoples to Peace and Security in Africa
Authors: Guillermet Fernández Christian , Fernández Puyana David
Published: May 2021

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) increasingly emphasises the need for a comprehensive approach to countering the spread of terrorism and violent extremism. In its Resolution 2178 (2014), the UNSC encourages member statesm to engage with relevant local communities and non-governmental actors in developing strategies to counter the violent extremist narrative that can incite terrorist acts. The role played by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in the struggle against terrorism is really important. The African approach to human rights has decisively contributed to understanding, preventing and countering this phenomenon. In this line, Article 23(1) of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Charter) states that all peoples shall have the right to national and international peace and security, as well as the principles of friendly relations among states, which form the basic foundation of the African Union. The African Charter does not contain enough directives to aid the enforcement of the right. The African Charter limits the whole question of peace to ensuring that an asylum-seeker does not engage in subversive activities against the country of origin or any other State Party to the African Charter, and provides a prohibition to the use of the territory of a member state for subversive or terrorist activities. Finally, on 18 November 2016, the Third Committee of the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Declaration on the Right to Peace, whose preambular section not only deeply deplored all acts of terrorism, but also stressed that all measures taken in the fight against terrorism must be in compliance with the obligations of states under international law.
Elusive Legal Definition of Terrorism at the United Nations
Authors: Obado Ochieng Mercy
Published: May 2021

Terrorism is indisputably a serious security threat to states and individuals. Yet, by the end of 2016, there was still lack of consensus on the legal definition of terrorism at the United Nations (UN) level. The key organs of the UN, the Security Council (UNSC) and the General Assembly (UNGA), are yet to agree on a legal definition of terrorism. This disconnect is attributed partly to the heterogeneous nature of terrorist activities and ideological differences among member states. At the UN level, acts of terrorism are mainly tackled from the angle of threats to international peace and security. In contrast, at the state level, acts of terrorism are largely defined as crimes and hence dealt with from the criminal justice paradigm. This article argues that the lack of a concrete legal definition of terrorism at the UN level undermines the holistic use of the criminal justice paradigm to counter-terrorism at the state level. To effectively counter-terrorism the UNSC and the UNGA have to agree on a legal definition of terrorism in their resolutions. This will streamline efforts to combat terrorism at the state level and consolidate counter-terrorism measures at the international level. The draft comprehensive Convention on Measures to Eliminate Terrorism (the Draft Convention) should be tailored to fill gaps and provide for a progressive legal definition of acts of terrorism.
Discreet Discretion and Moderate Moderation in Judicial Sentencing: A commentary on Kenya’s Sentencing Policy Guidelines, 2016
Authors: O Mbori Harrison
Published: May 2021

Criminal sentencing is an integral part in any judicial system for the fair administration of justice. The process of sentencing and the standards applied by judicial officers has, however, been a notoriously difficult component in many criminal law systems. In Kenya, sentencing has been blamed as one of the sources of ‘popular dissatisfaction with the administration of justice’ to borrow from Roscoe Pound. This was the impetus for the Kenyan Judiciary to introduce the Sentencing Policy Guidelines, 2016 (SPGs). This paper is a general commentary, critique, and analysis of the SPGs. The author argues that SPGs come at an instructive epoch in Kenya’s economic, socio-political, and cultural development. This contribution is not a polemic on the Kenyan SPGs. The commentary makes sideglances to various jurisdictions that have had a longer experience with sentencing guidelines. The article forecasts that Kenyan SPGs will, despite its few shortcomings, nevertheless, prove to be important for all judicial officers involved in Kenya’s criminal justice system.
Remedies to Illicit Financial Flows from Transfer Pricing of Services and Hosting Intellectual Property in Kenya
Authors: Gordema Charles
Published: May 2021

Numerous reports in the last decade have focused on the challenges to African economies that emanate from the illicit transfers of funds and other valuable assets within some global corporations. A primary concern is the impact of these transfers on the taxable income of African subsidiaries. Two broad categories of intra-group transfers are of particular interest, partly because of the complexities they raise. One comprises transfers in payment of services exchanged among associated enterprises, while the other pertains to transfers by subsidiaries in payment of the value of intellectual assets attributed to the corporate centre of the global corporation. This article highlights the challenges raised by these transfers through case studies. It examines possible mechanisms to mitigate the challenges, drawing attention to current and impending developments. It concludes that there are good prospects for curbing illicit transfers linked to the examined types of transactions.
'South Africa is Not an Accused'
Authors: Asin Jerusha
Published: May 2021

There is a confrontation between the International Criminal Court (ICC) and state parties, and at this particular point in time, the Republic of South Africa, in connection with the arrest warrants issued by the Court for the President of Sudan in 2009 and 2010. Between 13 and 15 June 2015, President Omar al-Bashir was present on the territory of South Africa for purposes of attending the 25th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the African Union. Despite judgments from both the ICC upholding the obligation of South African authorities to arrest and surrender President Bashir and parallel domestic proceedings at the South African High Court in which authorities were ordered to prevent the departure of President Bashir from South African territory pending final judicial decision on whether the Government was required to execute the ICC arrest warrants, President Bashir nevertheless departed from the Waterkloof military air base on 15 June 2015, even as Government lawyers assured the High Court in a hearing on the same date that he was still in the country. Only after his plane had safely landed in Khartoum did the same lawyers then notify the High Court that he had left South Africa. This article will analyze this case in the following lines.
Religious Pluralism in Practice: Defining Secularism in Kenya’s Headscarf Cases
Authors: Wangai Mukami
Published: May 2021

Present day Kenyan society represents a plurality of peoples, ideas and consequently, approaches to life, a state well embodied in the Constitution of Kenya. The apparent diversity presents challenges to the preservation of the multi-coloured nature of the society and at the same time guaranteeing rights and freedoms as envisaged by the 2010 Constitution. The preamble to the Constitution reconciles the two interests by celebrating the ‘ethnic, cultural and religious diversity’ of Kenya and envisioning an existence ‘in peace and unity as one indivisible sovereign nation’. A marriage of diversity and peaceful coexistence requires tolerance in order to balance competing rights. Within Kenya’s plural society, the most visible religion freedom disputes have been between the Christian majority and Muslim minority. Present constitutional clashes between the two religions date back to the Constitution of Kenya, 1963 (Independence Constitution) and its 1969 revision (Repealed Constitution), which granted Kadhis’ courts limited jurisdiction within a 10-mile coastal strip of the country. Following heated debate on matters of religious pluralism during the constitutional review process, the 2010 Constitution introduced a more accommodative framework for religious freedom. These matters will be analyzed in the following lines.
Enhanced Rights for Detained Persons
Authors: Sone Andrew Ewang
Published: May 2021

The incorporation of habeas corpus and bail in the Cameroonian Criminal Procedure Code has not only entrenched them in law, but has also widened and deepened their scope, with a view to obtaining, as far as possible, the respect for human rights and the rule of law in order to ensure a more functional criminal justice system in Cameroon. The incorporation of habeas corpus and bail in the Cameroon criminal trial process will restrain the arbitrary and illegal use of the powers of the judicial police officers and ensure respect of human rights. Although there are some challenges in the application of habeas corpus and bail such as misuse of the remedies by some overzealous authorities, defiance of court orders in the enforcement of the writ of habeas corpus by administrative authorities, and erosion of confidence in the Judiciary, there is optimism in the conscious efforts being made to ensure that habeas corpus and bail are properly applied so that the Cameroonian Criminal Procedure Code attains its full potential.
Developing Jurisprudence or Creating Chaos?
Authors: Ongoya Elisha
Published: May 2021

All knowledge is value-laden, influenced by the multifarious inarticulate major premises deriving from our inescapable ideological baggage. However, on occasions such as this, it behooves all people of good sense and logic to endeavour to be objective in their views. Occasions such as these, call upon us to question our own assumptions. We are required to turn our version of logic upside down, inside out, in a critical and evaluative sense. The purpose of all these is to establish a broad spectrum of objectivity that informs the ideas being presented. Part of my observations and verdicts in the analytical aspects of the paper have been rather unflattering—perhaps harsh. That is what we do in the academy. But I guess, they are only but that part of the labour pains we have submitted ourselves to in the birth of a new jurisprudential trajectory for the CoA—a coherent and predictable jurisprudence.
Clinical Study of Thirty Patients with Parkinson Disease and Associated Pathology
Authors: Castejón Orlando José
Published: May 2021

We have clinically examined thirty patients with age ranging between 39 to 85 years old. We observed resting Tremor and Brakykinesia in 100% of patients examined and a family history of Parkinson Disease (PD) in 12%. We have found the following comorbidities: arterial hypertension 21%, diabetes 21%, language disorders 21%, neurobehavioral dysfunctions: 12%, neurosensory disorders, (hypoacusia) 12%, dizziness 8%, respiratory diseases 8%, constipation 8% and sleep disorders 8%. The following risks factors environmental conditions, stress, toxics, and previous cerebrovascular accident (1%) were observed. Parkinson disease motor and non-motor symptoms are discussed in details. PD can be associated with nneurobehavioral disorders (depression, anxiety), cognitive impairment (senile dementia), autonomic dysfunction, stress and aggressivity. PD ethiopathogenesis remains to be elucidated and has been connected to genetic, environmental and immunologic conditions. A differential diagnosis of PD with atypical parkisonian syndromes, such as progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) and Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD) is included.
Access to foods using Grand Rapids, Michigan, as a case study: Objective versus subjective issues
Authors: Kotval-K Zeenat , Khandelwal Shruti , Wills Kendra
Published: May 2021

Low access and low income are two of the primary factors used in determining the food desert desig­nation by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Low access is defined as a geographical area where 33% or more people are living beyond one mile from a supermarket in an urban region, and a low-income area is defined as one with a poverty rate of either 20% or more, or median family income falling below 80% of statewide or metropolitan area family income. These criteria have been in place for several years now. This study aims to assess the adequacy of these criteria for food desert designa­tion and further investigate perceptions of barriers to fresh and healthy foods and measure physical ‘access’ for those reliant on the public transporta­tion in the city of Grand Rapids, Michigan. The study includes a preliminary price comparative analysis of selected fresh foods in local grocery stores, spatial mapping using GIS to measure accessibility, and interviews with families at three schools located in food desert census tracts. Results of this study indicate that, first, there are other factors to consider when designating areas as food deserts such as public transit availability and inclusion of alternate food retail stores where fresh and healthy foods may be purchased, and secondly, perceptions of barriers to access fresh and healthy foods for families depend on mobility and cost preferences. Implications include a greater aware­ness of transit availability, alternate venues, acceptance of federal benefits such as SNAP-EBT, and incentivizing existing stores to sell healthier produce in disadvantaged areas.
Presentación
Authors: Tórrez Mario Isaías
Published: May 2021

Todos los trabajos que recibimos atraviesan por un proceso de arbitraje; este proceso se establece para garantizar que la revista, mediante la opinión imparcial de dos pares revisores externos, publique trabajos que posean la pertinencia científica y académica necesaria.
En búsqueda de justicia: La violencia contra la mujer y el sistema legal en Nicaragua
Authors: Neumann Pamela
Published: May 2021

Este artículo analiza las experiencias de las mujeres víctimas de violencia con las instituciones legales en Nicaragua. Basado en diez meses de trabajo de campo y entrevistas con 38 mujeres provenientes de 5 departamentos del país, el texto examina como las practicas rutinarias de actores estatales como policías y fiscales impactan a las mujeres en su búsqueda de justica. También, muestra la importancia de una asesora que acompañe a las mujeres en su proceso legal. A nivel teórico, cuestiona las teorías de burocracia representativa e identifica las limitaciones de las estrategias punitivas y legales para erradicar la violencia contra la mujer.
Sistema de alerta temprana para la reducción de riegos de inundaciones, utilizando tecnología Arduino y comunicación con redes de datos para el área de la cuenca media del Río Lempa.
Authors: Hernández Celestino
Published: May 2021

El Salvador es uno de los países más vulnerables a riesgos en el mundo, según informe presentado por el Ministerio del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (MARN, 2017). El 88.7% del territorio se considera zona de riesgo, superficie en la que se asienta el 95.4% de la población. Según estadísticas, entre los años 1990 a 2014 se han dado el 86 % de pérdidas económicas y 40 % de muertes por terremotos, el 10 % de pérdidas y el 27 % de muertes han sido por inundaciones, 26 % de muertes han sido por deslizamientos, 3 % por tormentas eléctricas y 4 % por otro tipo de desastres (Mendoza, Laguan, & Rivas, 2017). Por esta razón, es necesario disponer de un sistema de alerta temprana para mejorar la capacidad de respuesta ante estos fenómenos y que alerten a los centros de monitoreo ante cualquier emergencia. La propuesta consiste en diseñar, un prototipo de sistema de alerta temprana para la reducción de riegos de inundaciones, desde un primer análisis del estado actual, especificación y diseño, hasta llegar a la implementación, esto permitirá que, en esta zona, se tenga acceso a una estación que indique constantemente el nivel del río por medio de una interfaz simple y amigable. Por tanto, el producto final es un sistema de seguridad que permite producir una alerta, activando una señal acústica, generando una notificación a través de redes de comunicación de datos SMS, a la entidad encargada de monitorear la zona de resguardo.