bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial Observations by the GOLD Mission
Authors: Eastes R. W. , McClintock W. E. , Burns A. G. , Anderson D. N. , Andersson L. , Aryal S. , Budzien S. A. , Cai X. , Codrescu M. V. , Correira J. T. , Daniell R. E. , Dymond K. F. , England S. L. , Eparvier F. G. , Evans J. S. , Foroosh H. , Gan Q. , Greer K. R. , Karan D. K. , Krywonos A. , Laskar F. I. , Lumpe J. D. , Martinis C. R. , McPhate J. B. , Oberheide J. , Siegmund O. H. , Solomon S. C. , Veibel V. , Woods T. N.
Published: May 2020

The NASA Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission has flown an ultraviolet‐imaging spectrograph on SES‐14, a communications satellite in geostationary orbit at 47.5°W longitude. That instrument observes the Earth's far ultraviolet (FUV) airglow at ~134–162 nm using two identical channels. The observations performed include limb scans, stellar occultations, and images of the sunlit and nightside disk from 6:10 to 00:40 universal time each day. Initial analyses reveal interesting and unexpected results as well as the potential for further studies of the Earth's thermosphere‐ionosphere system and its responses to solar‐geomagnetic forcing and atmospheric dynamics. Thermospheric composition ratios for major constituents, O and N2, temperatures near 160 km, and exospheric temperatures are retrieved from the daytime observations. Molecular oxygen (O2) densities are measured using stellar occultations. At night, emission from radiative recombination in the ionosphericFregion is used to quantify ionospheric density variations in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Regions of depletedFregion electron density are frequently evident, even during the current solar minimum. These depletions are caused by the “plasma fountain effect” and are associated with the instabilities, scintillations, or “spreadF” seen in other types of observations, and GOLD makes unique observations for their study.
Constraining Internal States in Progressive Rock Failure of Carrara Marble by Measuring Residual Strains With Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Voigtländer A. , Leith K. , Walter J. M. , Krautblatter M.
Published: May 2020

Knowledge of the internal state of rock is key to anticipate its rheological response and susceptibility to external factors. Time‐dependent failure in rock is controlled by internal state changes, like damage accumulation or strength degradation. But assessing internal states and changes thereof, nondestructively and independent of external forcing is not straightforward. Residual strains, measured with neutron diffraction techniques are used as a proxy for the internal state in material sciences. We investigated its potential for progressive rock failure by measuring residual strain states of an untested and three mechanically and chemomechanically pretested Carrara marble samples. We collected neutron diffraction data for three crystal lattice planes {10̅14}, {0006}, and {11̅20}. Measurements showed an initial overall contractional spatially homogeneous residual unit cell volume strain state of about −400 μstrain, though magnitudes were strongly partitioned among measured crystal lattice planes. However, they are equal within the spatial orientations of the intact sample. For the pretested samples, the induction and relaxation of strains varied spatially with the pretesting stress field and environmental conditions. The vertical extent of superposition of the initial residual strain state was greatest in wet samples, the magnitude of induced extensional strain highest in the dry sample. This indicates chemomechanically enhanced subcritical crack growth with concomitant residual strain relaxation as well as the mitigation of extensional strain built up by the presence of water during pretesting. Our experiments show that residual strain has a significant potential to provide insights into past and actual internal states to anticipate progressive rock failure.
Construction and application of textile-based tissue engineering scaffolds: a review
Authors: Jiao Yongjie , Li Chaojing , Liu Laijun , Wang Fujun , Liu Xingxing , Mao Jifu , Wang Lu
Published: May 2020

This review discussed the structure–function relationship of textile-based scaffolds and appropriate textile technologies for application in certain kinds of tissue scaffolds.
Facile light-initiated radical generation from 4-substituted pyridine under ambient conditions
Authors: Nakayama Ami , Kimata Haru , Marumoto Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Yohei , Yamagishi Hiroshi
Published: May 2020

A facile photogeneration of a stable radical species from a 4-substituted pyridine derivative under ambient conditions is achieved. The radical generation reaction accompanies visible colour change into green and is repeatable multiple times.
The construction of an AIE-based controllable singlet oxygen generation system directed by a supramolecular strategy
Authors: Qian Weirui , Zuo Minzan , Sun Guangping , Chen Yuan , Han Tingting , Hu Xiao-Yu , Wang Ruibing , Wang Leyong
Published: May 2020

An aggregation-induced emission based controllable singlet oxygen generation system has been successfully fabricated in an aqueous phase based on supramolecular host–guest assembly.
Highly selective hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-dimethylfuran at low temperature over a Co–N–C/NiAl-MMO catalyst
Authors: Ma Ning , Song Yong , Han Feng , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Li Yan , Ai Shiyun
Published: May 2020

Currently there is tremendous interest in the discovery of catalysts which can selectively hydrogenate biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF).
Polymer fiber membrane-based direct ethanol fuel cell with Ni-doped SnO2 promoted Pd/C catalyst
Authors: Qu Ting , Tan Qiang , Liu Liting , Guo Shengwu , Li Sai , Liu Yongning
Published: May 2020

The PFM-based DEFC with as-prepared Pd/Ni–SnO2/C as the anode catalyst and porous NiCo2O4 as the cathode catalyst delivers encouraging properties.
Radio emission during the formation of stellar clusters in M 33
Authors: Corbelli Edvige , Braine Jonathan , Tabatabaei Fatemeh S.
Published: May 2020

Aims. We investigate thermal and nonthermal radio emission associated with the early formation and evolution phases of young stellar clusters (YSCs) selected by their mid-infrared (MIR) emission at 24 μm in M 33. We consider regions in their early formation period, which are compact and totally embedded in the molecular cloud, and in the more evolved and exposed phase.

Methods. Thanks to recent radio continuum surveys between 1.4 and 6.3 GHz we are able to find radio source counterparts to more than 300 star forming regions of M 33. We identify the thermal free–free component for YSCs and their associated molecular complexes using the Hα line emission.

Results. A cross-correlation of MIR and radio continuum is established from bright to very faint sources, with the MIR-to-radio emission ratio that shows a slow radial decline throughout the M 33 disk. We confirm the nature of candidate embedded sources by recovering the associated faint radio continuum luminosities. By selecting exposed YSCs with reliable Hα flux, we establish and discuss the tight relation between Hα and the total radio continuum at 5 GHz over four orders of magnitude. This holds for individual YSCs as well as for the giant molecular clouds hosting them, and allows us to calibrate the radio continuum–star formation rate relation at small scales. On average, about half of the radio emission at 5 GHz in YSCs is nonthermal with large scatter. For exposed but compact YSCs and their molecular clouds, the nonthermal radio continuum fraction increases with source brightness, while for large HII regions the nonthermal fraction is lower and shows no clear trend. This has been found for YSCs with and without identified supernova remnants and underlines the possible role of massive stars in triggering particle acceleration through winds and shocks: these particles diffuse throughout the native molecular cloud prior to cloud dispersal.
ACC-AHA Diagnostic Criteria for Hypertension in Pregnancy Identifies Patients at Intermediate Risk of Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Darwin Kristin C. , Federspiel Jerome J. , Schuh Brittany L. , Baschat Ahmet A. , Vaught Arthur J.
Published: May 2020

Objective The aim of the study is to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes among patients who are normotensive, hypertensive by Stage I American College of Cardiology-American Heart Association (ACC-AHA) criteria, and hypertensive by American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) criteria.

Study Design Secondary analysis of a prospective first trimester cohort study between 2007 and 2010 at three institutions in Baltimore, MD, was conducted. Blood pressure at 11 to 14 weeks' gestation was classified as (1) normotensive (systolic blood pressure [SBP] <130 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] <80 mm Hg); (2) hypertensive by Stage I ACC-AHA criteria (SBP 130–139 mm Hg or DBP 80–89 mm Hg); or (3) hypertensive by ACOG criteria (SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg). Primary outcomes included preeclampsia, small for gestational age (SGA) neonate, and preterm birth.

Results Among 3,422 women enrolled, 2,976 with delivery data from singleton pregnancies of nonanomalous fetuses were included. In total, 20.2% met hypertension criteria (Stage I ACC-AHA n = 254, 8.5%; ACOG n = 347, 11.7%). The Stage I ACC-AHA group's risk for developing preeclampsia was threefold higher than the normotensive group (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 3.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.40–5.70). The Stage I ACC-AHA group had lower preeclampsia risk than the ACOG group but the difference was not significant (aRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.55–1.37). The Stage I ACC-AHA group was more likely than the normotensive group to deliver preterm (aRR 1.44, 95% CI 1.02–2.01) and deliver an SGA neonate (aRR 1.51, 95% CI 1.07–2.12). The Stage I ACC-AHA group was less likely to deliver preterm compared with the ACOG group (aRR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45–0.93), but differences in SGA were not significant (aRR 1.31, 95% CI 0.84–2.03).

Conclusion Pregnant patients with Stage I ACC-AHA hypertension in the first trimester had higher rates of preeclampsia, preterm birth, and SGA neonates compared with normotensive women. Adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes were numerically lower in the Stage I ACC-AHA group compared with the ACOG group, but these comparisons only reached statistical significance for preterm birth. Optimal pregnancy management for first trimester Stage I ACC-AHA hypertension requires active study.

Key Points
Interleukin-6 as a Biomarker of Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Cortés José S. , Losada Paula X. , Fernández Laura X. , Beltrán Emilce , DeLaura Isabel , Narváez Carlos F. , Fonseca-Becerra Carlos Eduardo
Published: May 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to determine the utility of C reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis (NS) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in the south of Colombia.

Study Design A nonmatched case–control study was conducted. Convenience sampling was performed. Data were obtained from clinical records. IL-6 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Youden's index were used to determine the optimal cutoffs for CRP and IL-6 levels in diagnosing NS, early-onset NS (EONS), and late-onset NS (LONS).

Results Data from 31 cases and 62 controls were included. History of chorioamnionitis (infinite odds ratio [OR] [3.07-infinity]), and the presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid during birth (OR: 9.04 [1.35–112]) were identified as risk factors for NS. Differences in CRP (p < 0.0001) and IL-6 (p < 0.0485) levels were also found, more significantly for LONS and EONS patients, respectively. In the diagnosis of LONS using CRP levels, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.8371 (p < 0.0001). The optimal cutoff was 0.53 mg/dL. For EONS diagnosis using IL-6, the AUC was 0.6869 (p = 0.0315) and the optimal cutoff was 17.75 pg/mL.

Conclusion Differences between CRP and IL-6 levels were found between control and NS groups. Furthermore, CRP showed greater potential diagnostic utility in the LONS group, whereas IL-6 showed greater potential utility in the EONS group.

Key Points
Hemorrhage Risk Assessment on Admission: Utility for Prediction of Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Ahmadzia Homa K. , Phillips Jaclyn M. , Kleiman Rose , Gimovsky Alexis C. , Bathgate Susan , Luban Naomi L.C. , Amdur Richard L.
Published: May 2020

Objective Hemorrhage is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality prompting creation of innovative risk assessment tools to identify patients at highest risk. We aimed to investigate the association of hemorrhage risk assessment with maternal morbidity and to evaluate maternal outcomes after implementation of the risk assessment across hospital sites.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of a multicenter database including women admitted to labor and delivery from January 2015 to June 2018. The Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses risk assessment tool was used to categorize patients as low, medium, or high risk for hemorrhage. Multivariate logistic regression was used to describe the association between hemorrhage risk score and markers of maternal morbidity and evaluate maternal outcomes before and after standardized implementations of the risk assessment tool.

Results In this study, 14,861 women were categorized as low risk (26%), 26,080 (46%) moderate risk, and 15,730 (28%) high risk (N = 56,671 births). For women with high-risk scores, the relative risk (RR) ratio compared with low-risk women was 4.9 (RR: 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2–7.4) for blood transfusion and 5.2 (RR: 95% CI: 4.6–5.9) for estimated blood loss (EBL) ≥ 1,000 mL. For the second objective, 110,633 women were available for pre- and postimplementation analyses (39,027 and 71,606, respectively). A 20% reduction in rates of blood transfusion (0.5–0.4%, p = 0.02) and EBL ≥ 1,000 mL (6.3–5.9%, p = 0.014) was observed between pre- and postimplementations of the admission hemorrhage risk assessment tool.

Conclusion Women who were deemed high risk for hemorrhage using a hemorrhage risk assessment tool had five times higher risk for blood transfusion and EBL ≥ 1,000 mL compared with low-risk women. Given the low incidence of the outcomes explored, the hemorrhage risk assessment works moderately well to identify patients at risk for peripartum morbidity.

Key Points
Early Gut Microbiota Changes in Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Pilot Case–Control Study
Authors: Chen Shan-Ming , Lin Ching-Pin , Jan Ming-Shiou
Published: May 2020

Objective Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex chronic lung disease that primarily affects premature or critically ill infants. This pilot study investigated early changes in gut microbiota composition in BPD patients and explored the potential risk factors associated with these changes.

Study Design Preterm infants admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit with a gestational age of 26 to 32 weeks were prospectively surveyed and eligible for stool collection on days 7 and 28 of postnatal age between February 2016 and June 2017. A 16S rRNA sequencing approach was applied to compare the gut microbiota composition between the BPD group and controls. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the predictor variables.

Results Eight subjects in the BPD group and 10 subjects in the preterm group were analyzed during the observation period. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were the four dominant bacteria phyla of intestinal microflora. A significantly lower diversity of gut microbiota was observed in the BPD group compared with the preterm group on day 28 (number of observed operational taxonomic units, p = 0.034; abundance-based coverage estimator, p = 0.022; Shannon index, p = 0.028). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that high Neonatal Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System score (≧19) at 24 hours was statistically significant in predicting the proportion of aerobic with facultative anaerobic bacteria on day 28 (p = 0.002).

Conclusion Infants with BPD are prone to develop gut dysbiosis in early life. A higher severity of illness and treatment intensity may indicate a higher risk of disrupting an anaerobic environment in the gut during the first month of life.

Key Points
Use of the RAM Cannula with Early Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Requires Higher Pressures: Clinical and In vitro Evaluations
Authors: Claassen Colleen C. , Strand Marya L. , Williams Howard L. , Hillman Noah H.
Published: May 2020

Objective Early bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) in the delivery room (DR) reduces early intubation, mechanical ventilation, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The RAM cannula, adopted for ease of patient care, is a high resistance nasal interface that, when used with bCPAP, only transmits a portion of set pressures and attenuates the bubble effects. This study aimed to review early bCPAP pressures and bCPAP failure with the RAM cannula interface over a 6-year period.

Study Design Retrospective, single-center study of infants delivered <1,250 g from 2013 to 2018 (n = 735) begun on bCPAP in the DR with the RAM cannula. In vitro testing of bCPAP pressure transmission was also performed for multiple nasal interfaces and nasal occlusion percentages.

Results The percentage of infants intubated in the DR decreased over time (59 to 42%), while the average bCPAP pressure increased from 5.3 to 6.8 cmH2O. A total of 355 infants (48%) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from the DR on BCPAP. The failure rate for bCPAP in NICU within 72 hours decreased from 45 to 24% as the maximum CPAP increased from 5.8 to 7.6 cmH2O. Pneumothorax rates did not change. CPAP pressure transmission decreased with all sizes of the RAM cannula.

Conclusion When utilizing the RAM cannula for bCPAP, higher CPAP levels were associated with decreases in DR intubations and CPAP failure within the first 72 hours. If clinicians choose to use the RAM cannula for bCPAP, they will need higher set pressures to achieve lung inflation and the beneficial oscillatory effect will be diminished.

Key Points
Mucins and Tight Junctions are Severely Altered in Necrotizing Enterocolitis Neonates
Authors: Liu Dong , Xu Yanzhen , Feng Jinxing , Yu Jialin , Huang Jinjie , Li Zhiguang
Published: May 2020

Objective This study investigates the expression levels of mucin 1 (MUC1), MUC2, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Study Design Intestinal specimens of surgical patients suffering from NEC (the NEC group) and intestinal specimens of patients with congenital intestinal atresia (the control group) were collected. Immunohistochemical changes in MUC1, MUC2, occludin, and ZO-1 were compared between the two groups.

Results Our study showed a significant decrease in the expression levels of MUC1 (p = 0.004), MUC2 (p = 0.001), occludin (p = 0.004), and ZO-1 (p = 0.013) in neonates suffering from NEC as compared with the control group.

Conclusion Mucins and tight junctions are severely altered in NEC neonates. This finding might provide clues for rupture of the intestinal barrier. Further research is needed to investigate the gene expression as well as the exact mechanisms behind these changes. This will help us better understand the role of the intestinal barrier in NEC.

Key Points
Ongoing Supplementation of Probiotics to Cesarean-Born Neonates during the First Month of Life may Impact the Gut Microbial
Authors: Yang Wenqing , Tian Liang , Luo Jiao , Yu Jialin
Published: May 2020

Objective The delivery mode is considered to be a significant influencing factor in the early gut microbiota composition, which is associated with the long-term health of the host. In this study, we tried to explore the effects of probiotics on the intestinal microbiota of C-section neonates.

Study Design Twenty-six Chinese neonates were enrolled in this study. The neonates were divided into four groups: VD (natural delivery neonates, n = 3), CD (cesarean-born neonates, n = 9), CDL (cesarean-born neonates supplemented with probiotic at a lower dosage, n = 7), and CDH (cesarean-born neonates supplemented with probiotic at a higher dosage, n = 7). Fecal samples were collected on the 3rd, 7th, and 28th day since birth. The V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene was sequenced by next-generation sequencing technology.

Results The α-diversity of the intestinal microbiota of cesarean delivery neonates was significantly lower than that of the naturally delivered neonates on the 28th day (p = 0.005). After supplementation with probiotics for 28 days, the α-diversity and the β-diversity of the gut flora in the cesarean-born infants (CDL28 and CDH28) was similar to that in the vaginally delivery infants. Meanwhile, the abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly increased since the 3rd day of probiotic supplementation. Besides, the sustained supplementation of probiotics to neonates would help improve the abundance of the operational taxonomic units in several different Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins.

Conclusion This study showed that probiotics supplementation to cesarean-born neonates since birth might impact the diversity and function of gut microbiota.

Key Points
Comparative Study on Bone Mineral Densitometry in People Living with HIV with or without Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Das Tutan , Devi Bhagyabati , Reema Ningthoukhongjam , Singh Thangjam Gautam
Published: May 2020

Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a disease that affects millions of people globally and affects almost all the body systems including bone metabolism. Derangement of bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV patients is well established in international literature but least studied in India. Therefore, this study aims to determine the association between BMD change and HIV infection with or without antiretroviral therapy (ART) and compare the different regimens of ART.

Materials and Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine and ART Center of Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India. A total of 50 HIV patients were screened by a central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) examination for measuring BMD. Correlation of BMD with a CD4 count, and different ART regimens were also studied.

Results In our study, majority of the patients (29 [58%]) had low BMD. Of the 29 patients, 18 (36%) had osteopenia and 11 (22%) had osteoporosis. Of the ART naïve patients, 81.8% have reduced BMD. Among different ART regimens, tenofovir-based regimes were mostly associated with low BMD (52.4%). A statistically significant association between low CD4 count and low BMD was found.

Conclusion Our study concluded that HIV infection is associated with bone loss and low BMD in people living with HIV (PLHIV) irrespective of its treatment with ART. PLHIV are at a greater risk of bone loss secondary to decreased BMD. Among the ART regimens, tenofovir-based regimens are mostly associated with low BMD. Therefore, all HIV patients should be screened by DEXA scan for BMD status, and timely intervention should be started.
Informing the government or fostering public debate?
Authors: Sun Yu , Graham Todd , Broersma Marcel
Published: May 2020

This article focuses on a popular form of civic practice in China: casual political talk that occurs in online spaces that are not ostensibly political. We investigate how Chinese citizens engage in politics through a comparative analysis of everyday talk on health issues across three popular online discussion forums: a government-orientated forum (Qiangguo Luntan), a commercial-lifestyle forum (Tieba), and a commercial-topical forum focused on parental advice (Yaolan). Our findings show that conventional deliberation directly involving conflictual and resistant attitude against state authorities is not prominently embraced by Chinese citizens in everyday online settings. However, communal and less confrontational forms of discourse are important for the proto-political talk to turn political, thus serving as prerequisite conditions for the emergence of an online public sphere. We argue that to explain how the public sphere emerges in everyday (non-political) spaces in China, it is essential to take communal discursive forms into account.
Development of augmented reality in the basic physics practicum module
Authors: Firmansyah J , Suhandi A , Setiawan A , Permanasari A
Published: May 2020

This research aims to design and develop a media lab in the form of Augmented Reality applications that are used in basic physics lab module. AR applications work with a tracking system and the reconstruction of the 2D marker contained in the experimental module to display 3D video animation. The method used in this research is the development of software includes the stages of collecting and analyzing the needs, do the design and manufacturing applications, validation and testing by the user, and revision. Results of the assessment by the AR application validator media and materials are respectively 80% and 85% in the predicate is valid and may be used after minor revisions. The results of trials by students as the user indicates that the 2D marker on lab module was initially less obvious and less sensitive at the time of scanning. However, after the revision of the 2D marker on lab module, 2D AR marker was sufficiently clear and sensitive at the time of scanning so that AR can help the general practical implementation and the AR content to support the practical implementation. The results showed that the development of AR applications had been successfully carried out and the AR application can function well with the scan time 1-1.5 second at a distance of 10-20 cm and successfully used in the experimental module at an angle of <900, with the result that, AR applications in basic physics practicum module as the media are supporting practicum implementation
Identification of the ability to solve the problem of contextual physics possessed by prospective physics teachers related to basic physics content
Authors: Ma’ruf M , Setiawan A , Suhandi A , Siahaan P
Published: May 2020

This study aims to get an idea of the ability to solve the problem of contextual physics possessed by prospective physics teachers. The research method used is quantitative descriptive. The research subjects were 30 prospective physics teachers (27 women and 3 men) at one of the private universities in South Sulawesi Province. The instrument used for data collection is a test of the ability to solve contextual physics problems consisting of 10 items in the form of essays and problem-solving worksheets with 5 items. The use of problem-solving worksheets that include the stages of solving physical problems namely describing the problem, physical concepts, analyzing the relationship between related physical variables, representing applicable mathematics, constraints according to the problem, execution, and the results of logistical evaluation of problem-solving. The results of the study show that: 1) most students of prospective physics teachers who are the subjects of research have problem-solving abilities in the low category, 2) there is no gender bias in the ability to solve contextual physical problems. The low ability to solve the contextual problem of physics is thought to be closely related to the basic physics lecture process which is held less train the ability to solve the contextual problems.
Development of guided inquiry learning tools combined with advance organizer to increase students’ understanding of physics concept
Authors: Kusdiastuti M , Gunawan G , Harjono A , Nisyah M , Herayanti L
Published: May 2020

The combination of guided inquiry learning models combined with advanced organizers is needed to facilitate students who have diverse initial abilities so that they can participate in inquiry activities well. The purpose of this study is to produce a physics learning device in a guided inquiry model that is combined with an advance organizer, who has valid, practical, and effective criteria in improving students understanding of the physics concept. The learning tools testing phase was carried out in class X in one of the high schools in the Mataram, using one group pre-test post-test design. Observation and concept understanding tests do data collection. The results of the study show that: Learning tools developed are valid; The practicality of learning tools was tested through the implementation of physics learning by the guided inquiry model combined with advance organizer, and the effectiveness of the learning tools can increase student understanding of physics concepts. These results indicate that the learning device developed has valid, practical, and effective criteria to increase student’ understanding of the physics concept.
Concept Mastery of Physical Education Students In Multiple Representation (MR) Based Three Dimensional Solid Object Motion Mechanics (3DSOM)
Authors: Hartini T I , Liliasari S , Agus S , Ramalis T R
Published: May 2020

Physics is a part of sciences which is most explain about nature and its phenomenon starting from anything real until anything abstract. One of the material in mechanism lecture which is considered as difficult and abstract is material of three dimensional solid object motion (3DSOM). This research aims to find out the concept mastery of 3DSOM in mechanics learning to physical education students. The subject of this research are students of 3rd semester amounted 21 people in one LPTK. The instrument used in this research is mechanics concept module of multiple representation (MR) based 3DSOM to measure the concept mastery of 3DSOM and test essay of MR based 3DSOM mastery concept which is compatible with indicator of concept understanding using Bloom’s Taxonomy Revised. This research uses quantitative and qualitative descriptive method to find out the achievement of concept mastery towards multiple representation based 3DSOM. The results of this research found that the average MR-based concept module percentage of material GBT3D 50.9% verbal, 63.6% pictures, 43.0% graphics and 72.2% mathematics which the four MR categories showed a pretty good percentage. The mean results for the pretest value of 37.4% and the average posttest value of 76.1% with the percentage of N-Gain 61.8% for the mastery of the concept of 3DSOM showed an increase. Limitation in this research is only involves one class with less number of students from one university, so that the result is not strong enough to represent the whole situation, this can becomes manner to conduct further research with larger amount of samples and different mechanics content. This research is the first which analyzes the concept understanding towards MR based 3DSOM mechanics lecture material content by analyzing the verbal, picture, figure, and mathematics skills.
Analyzing Students’ Understanding of Work-Energy Concept
Authors: Pramesti Y S , Mahmudi H , Setyowidodo I
Published: May 2020

Work-energy is one of fundamental concept of physics. There is a subtle distinction among sources, forms and modes of transfer of work-energy process. Moreover, there are different meaning of work-energy in science and daily life which leads to misconception. This paper reported students’ undestanding and the method has been used to teach work-energy concepts. This study was implemented mixed method embedded experimental design. Subject consisted of 57 students of mechanical engineering who took Physics for Engineering course, enrolling in 2018/2019 academic year. Data were analyzed quantitatively are score of student’s conceptual understanding by paired sample t-test. Data were analyzed qualitatively are students’ responses by constant comparative method and interviews. Students’ conceptual understanding score was improved from mean’s score 44,40 to 72,54 (p < 0,01) and effect size was improved with high category (3,79), upper-medium N-gain (0,51). According to students’ respon and interview result, there were students’ difficulties in understanding work-energy such as interpreted work-energy concept in the context of science and used work-energy process. Moreover, teachers found difficulties about the role of language in the teaching of energy.
The preliminary study of the application of the conceptual change laboratory (CC-Lab) for overcoming high school students misconception related to the concept of floating, drifting and sinking
Authors: Surtiana Y , Suhandi A , Samsudin A , Siahaan P , Setiawan W
Published: May 2020

This preliminary study was conducted to get an overview of the effects of applying the CC-Lab model to conceptual changes of high school students related to the concept of floating, drifting and sinking. The CC-Lab consists of four main activity stages of Lab, namely: 1) the stage of identifying student preconceptions, 2) the stage of conception confronting Lab, 3) the stage of conceptual Lab, and 4) the Stage of identifying the final conception of the student. A pre-experiment method with one group pretest-posttest design was used in this research. There are 37 students consisting of 22 female students and 15 male students, in one of the high schools in the West Bandung district of West Java province. Lab activities are carried out cooperatively in small groups. The instrument used to collect data is a conception test in the four tier test format related to the concept of floating, drifting and sinking. The results showed that before the application of the CC-Lab, the number of students in each conception category were: scientific conception (10%), misconception (62%), and no conception (28%), while after the activity of CC-Lab, the number of students in each category of conception became: scientific conception (82%), misconception (12%), and no conception (6%). These results indicate that the implementation of the CC-Lab model has a high effectiveness in remediating the misconceptions that occur among high school students regarding the concept of floating, drifting and sinking.
Train the computational thinking skill using problem-based learning worksheet for undergraduate physics student in computational physics courses
Authors: Muliyati D , Tanmalaka A S , Ambarwulan D , Kirana D , Permana H
Published: May 2020

Thinking steps of computational thinking skills have an essential role in forming creative thinking to find ideas in a structured manner. Not only developing creative thinking, but this stage also helps understand how to implement ideas into computational procedures. This study aims to design worksheets for helping the students understand and improve Computational Thinking Skill (CTS) in the material interpolation with the problem based learning (PBL) strategy. The development of worksheets using step: define, design, development, and disseminate. The development stage includes the evaluation from learning expert. In many studies, the application of PBL shows an increase in various student abilities. This research applied to 39 students of computational physics courses. The result shows there was an increase in CTS, such as abstraction from the complex problem, algorithm automation, data analysis, collection, and representation.
The effect of project based learning-STEM on problem solving skills for students in the topic of electromagnetic induction
Authors: Parno  , Yuliati L , Munfaridah N , Ali M , Rosyidah F U N , Indrasari N
Published: May 2020

Problem solving skills is one of six topical areas of physics education research, whereas the research about implementation of Project Based Learning-Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (PjBL-STEM) to enhance students’ problem solving skills is still lacking. This research purposed to reveal the impact of PjBL-STEM on students’ problem solving skills in the topic of Electromagnetic Induction with a quasi experiment non-equivalent group design. Grade XII students of Senior High School 2 Pasuruan Indonesia were distributed to Experiment class (PjBL-STEM) (N=36) and Comparison class (PjBL) (N=38). Students worked on two projects, which were light shake and transformator. Problem Solving Skills Test with 0.681 Cronbach’s alpha reliability was used as research instrument. Data analysis was done with t-test, effect size, and N-gain. The result showed PjBL-STEM gained problem solving skills significantly higher than the PjBL. Both classes had medium category in the skill’s improvement. With “Very Large” effect size, the operationalization implementation of PjBL-STEM model had very large impact than PjBL class in increasing students’ problem solving skills. The final questionnaire revealed students in both classes had positive response (Agree and Strongly Agree), which were quite similar towards the implementation of the learning model.
Development of testlet instruments to measure science process skills on static fluid
Authors: Indri O W , Sarwanto  , Nurosyid F
Published: May 2020

Science process skills cannot be separated from conceptual learning. To measure science process skills possessed by students, assessment instruments are needed that are easy to use and appropriate. This study aims to measure the science process skills of high school students using the Testlet assessment instrument. Indicators The science process skills used are observing, hypothesizing, planning experiments or investigations, analyzing experimental data, applying concepts or principles, and communicating. This assessment instrument Testlet consists of 6 stem and 3 supporting questions for each stem, questions in the form of multiple choices and given to 36 grade XI students at Madiun 4 High School. The results of this study indicate the Science Process Skills of students at SMA 4 Madiun on static fluid material included in the medium category with an average value of 63.51%.
The contribution of physics media laboratory management towards physics education courses
Authors: Susanti D , Nilawati W , Fitri U R , Kurniawati H
Published: May 2020

This study aims to examine the external factors of a laboratory as the core of the learning process. Two questions arise and become the focus of the research as follows: (1) How is the management of physics learning media laboratory of Physics Education Study Program in Universitas Negeri Jakarta and (2) How much is the contribution of the laboratory to the learning process of physics education courses. In this study, a descriptive quantitative and qualitative instructional design is utilised. The laboratory standard referred to the Indonesian Education minister’s regulation, Likert scale to see the management of the laboratory, and descriptive analysis to know the contribution of laboratory management with integrated courses of physics education courses. The research findings show that the physics learning media laboratory has met the government standard with a value 83.2% for its management. As for the contribution, the laboratory has contributed approximately 50% of physics education courses which are integrated with the laboratory. These research outcomes hopefully can be used by teachers and laboratories to enhance its management and contribution to university courses and other education facilities.
Fluid experiment design using video tracker and ultrasonic sensor devices to improve understanding of viscosity concept
Authors: Susilawati S , Satriawan M , Rizal R , Sutarno S
Published: May 2020

This study was a quasi-experimental study which aims to compare the increase in understanding of the concept of viscosity in a group that were assisted by a video tracker, ultrasonic sensor devices and manual observation. This research was conducted on first semester students at a university in the city of Semarang. The data obtained in the form of qualitative data in the form of interviews and quantitative data in the form of learning outcomes measured using essay questions. Based on the analysis of data that the use of video tracker in experiments to determine the viscosity coefficient provides the highest increase in comparison compared to experiments using a magnetic sensor and manual observation. In addition, an experiment assisted video tracker provides students with science process skills and was more interesting than assisted experiments with ultrasonic sensors and manual observation.
Analysing of pre-service physics teachers critical thinking skills profile in ocean wave energy topic
Authors: Satriawan M , Liliasari  , Setiawan W , Abdullah A G
Published: May 2020

This research aims to know the profile of the critical thinking skills of pre-service physics teachers in environmental physics lectures specifically the topic about ocean wave energy and its utilization. The sample used was 29 pre-service teachers 6th semester in a university in West Nusa Tenggara - Indonesia. Data were collected using essay tests, interviews, and observations. The test was developed to measure critical thinking skills based on Tiruneh’s critical thinking framework. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. From the results of data analysis obtained that the critical, thinking skills of pre-service physics teachers are still relatively low where most of the pre-service physics teachers in all indicators of critical thinking are still at a level below the average. Therefore, learning needs to be developed to equip various skills during the learning process including critical thinking skills.
Development of collaborative real-world analysis models for physics teacher candidates
Authors: Firdaus T , Hamidah I , Setiawan W , Kaniawati I
Published: May 2020

The initial stage of the research has been carried out to develop learning models for physics teacher candidates. The study was conducted by instrument validation which aims to see the standard validity of a learning device. The validation of this instrument consisted of problem-solving test instruments, analytical skills instruments, creativity ability rubrics, student worksheet instruments, and video analysis guide instruments. The method used in this study uses quantitative analysis methods. The results of the study have been made to develop collaborative real-world analysis models to achieve the goals of real-world physics learning. The results of the instrument test show that the instrument is feasible to use and ready to be used as a measurement tool for research.
Developing creative thinking skills of STKIP weetebula students through physics crossword puzzle learning media using eclipse crossword app
Authors: Anggraeni D M , Sole F B
Published: May 2020

This study aims to describe the role of physic crossword puzzle learning media using the Eclipse Crossword app to develop the creative thinking skills of STKIP Weetebula students. The research method used was quantitative desciptive method. The sampling technique which was used in this study was Nonprobability Sampling, a type of purposive sampling. Second semester students of the Physics Education Study Program were the sample of this research. The instrument of the data collection used was questionnaire; this is to measure creative thinking skills of the students. Based on the results of the data analysis, it is found that the learning media of physics crossword puzzle using the eclipse crossword could developcreative thinking skills of STKIP Weetebula students
Identifying scientific critical thinking skills of high school students on the static fluid
Authors: Barus C S A , Rosiqoh  , Suhendi E
Published: May 2020

Students as future generations need to be equipped with high-level abilities, such as creative thinking and critical scientific thinking. The purpose of this research is to know how much creative thinking skills and scientific critical thinking are possessed by high school students in Bandung. In this research, the instrument used is a test-shaped essay as many as 12 questions about static fluid topic. The appreciation instruments used in this study were Critical Thinking (ACTA) type instruments. Tests of students’ critical thinking skills were analyzed using the Rasch model. The research population is a grade XI student in one high school in Bandung City. Research samples were selected with a random sampling technique of 32 students. Research results show that students have not been able to analyze the arguments, assess or evaluate, make decisions or solve problems, and make conclusions using inductive or deductive reasoning. It is shown by the low percentage of scientific critical thinking ability on every aspect, Critical thinking ability of 1 26.5%, Critical thinking ability of 2 23%, Critical thinking ability of 3 13%. It was concluded that the student’s scientific critical thinking skill level in the static fluid is motionless very low.
Analysis of senior high school students’ ability to understand concept and adversity quotient on elasticity
Authors: Rosiqoh R , Barus C S A , Bohori M , Suhendi E
Published: May 2020

This study aims to determine the ability to understand the concept and adversity quotient of tenth-grade students on elasticity. This research is a single case study where the purpose of the study is to examine the conditions and situations that are happening, thus providing a picture based on facts found in the field. The design of this study is the post-only group design. Data analysis techniques using the Rasch model with a research sample of 30 students consisting of 11 male students and 19 female students. The instrument used in this study was a test of concept comprehension ability with multiple choice questions of 15 questions (r = 0.62) and an adversity quotient questionnaire with an Adversity Response Profile (ARP) questionnaire of 20 statements (r = 0.77). The results showed that in general the ability to understand concepts in each concept was low and the adversity quotient also showed that the majority of students had moderate fighting power (camper). The conclusion of this study is that there must be a treatment that makes students able to understand physical concepts such as models or learning methods and makes students able to face and overcome difficulties in learning physics.
How interpersonal and generic science skills influence students’ alternative conceptions in learning physics?
Authors: Trisniarti M D , Aminah N S , Sarwanto S
Published: May 2020

The study reports on the cause of misconceptions in physics have not been done in a major area. The source of misconceptions are students, teachers and learning resources. Thus misconceptions are often caused by preconception, reasoning, intuition and associative thinking. This study aimed to find other factors affecting misconceptions that lead to students’ alternative conceptions in learning physics, especially in kinetic theory of gases. The identification of factors affecting that influence students’ misconception was conducted by using a set of responses in the questionnaires and administrated to 16 teachers and 66 students from six senior high schools in Surakarta. Interview to six teachers and twelve students as representatives was also held to support the data from questionnaire result. Misconceptions score were collected from the kinetic theory of gases test to explore students’ alternative conceptions in learning physics. Two genuine factors affecting the cause of misconceptions were identified namely interpersonal skills and generic science skills.