bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimización de costos: inmunoglobulina IV vs. plasmaféresis en síndrome de Guillain Barré
Authors: Suárez Fabio Enrique , Ortiz Gloria Isabel , Mogollón Juan Pablo , Clavijo Liliana , Ortíz Paola Andrea , Rodríguez Jesús Hernán , Mutis Jorge
Published: December 2016

Introducción: el síndrome de Guillain Barré es considerada una de las principales causas de parálisis neuromuscular aguda. Actualmente existen dos alternativas igual de efectivas clínicamente en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad: la inmunoglobulina intravenosa y la plasmaféresis.

Objetivo: estimar cuál de los dos tratamientos es menos costoso en la atención hospitalaria de pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome de Guillain Barré en estadios moderados a severos en la Fundación Cardioinfantil en Bogotá, Colombia.

Materiales y métodos: se incluyeron todos los pacientes que egresaron entre enero y diciembre de 2014 con síndrome de Guillain Barré según el sistema de información clínica de la Fundación Cardioinfantil. La información de los costos por cada paciente fue provista por el Departamento de Cuentas Médicas de la Fundación Cardioinfantil y se estableció el costo total de la atención desde el ingreso hasta el egreso del paciente. La comparación del costo total de la atención de los pacientes tratados con inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IGIV) vs., los pacientes tratados con plasmaféresis, se realizó por medio de la prueba de Mann-Whitney.

Resultados: la atención de los pacientes con IGIV tuvo un costo total de 9.976 USD, mientras el costo de los pacientes tratados con plasmaféresis fue de 23.354 USD. El costo de atención en este último grupo de pacientes se ve afectado por el mayor número de complicaciones derivadas del mismo tratamiento.

Conclusión: entre los dos tratamientos considerados en el síndrome de Guillain Barré en estadios avanzados, la IGIV ofrece una buena alternativa para minimizar costos en la atención hospitalaria del paciente con diagnóstico de síndrome de Gullian Barré en la Fundación Cardioinfantil de Bogotá.
Pergeseran Pemaknaan Ritual �Merti Dusun�; Studi atas Ritual Warga Dusun Celengan, Tuntang, Semarang
Authors: Haedar M. Aly
Published: December 2016

Ritual Merti Dusun has been practiced by people of Celengan, far before Islam becomes the part of their daily lives. After the coming of Islam to Java Island, this ritual experienced acculturation with Islamic culture. The ritual which initially was meant to refuse disaster and ask of benediction to The Creator (God), by giving offerings to certain place and request permit to the Prophet, and Danyang of certain place, has shifted in the term of its meaning. This study found out that this merti dusun ritual has experienced meaning shift, either individually or communally. There are altering meanings: from addressing the ritual and prayer to danyang shifted to all of Islamic missionaries; to an assumption that the ritual has deviated from the religious teaching; and there is also person who simply assumed it just as social obligation.
IMPLICAÇÕES DO USO DE ATIVIDADES EXPERIMENTAIS NO ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA NA ESCOLA PÚBLICA
Authors: Morais Vânia Cardoso da Silva , Santos Adevailton Bernardo
Published: December 2016

A pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar a influência de uma sequência didática com atividade experimental na motivação dos estudantes em relação à disciplina de Biologia e verificar a possibilidade de aplicar tal sequência tendo como aporte a perspectiva histórico-cultural e a Dinâmica dos Três momentos Pedagógicos. O trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa de Mestrado desenvolvida com 70 estudantes de uma escola de Ensino Médio em Patos de Minas.  A análise dos dados coletados por meio de observação, questionários, relatórios, depoimentos de estudantes, filmagem e fotografia de aulas de Biologia, aponta que o uso de atividades experimentais  nas aulas de Biologia contribuiu para o aumento da motivação dos estudantes e que o aporte teórico e a postura docente motivadora aumentaram sua autoestima e senso investigativo. Os resultados indicam ainda que é possível desenvolver na escola uma sequência didática fundamentada na complementaridade de duas correntes teóricas diferentes como a Dinâmica dos Três momentos Pedagógicos e a perspectiva histórico-cultural. Dado o exposto, entendemos que o uso da atividade experimental na sequência didática influencia positivamente a motivação dos estudantes em relação à Biologia, favorecendo o processo ensino e aprendizagem de Biologia. Contudo, é o conjunto desta, como o aporte teórico e a postura motivadora da docente, permitiu a aproximação dos conhecimentos científicos da realidade dos estudantes, possibilitando maior aprendizagem de conceitos biológicos.
MAPEAMENTO DA PESQUISA NO CAMPO DA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE QUÍMICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Silva Osmair Benedito da , Queiroz Salete Linhares
Published: December 2016

A produção e difusão do conhecimento científico no Ensino de Química tem recebido grande atenção dos pesquisadores nacionais e internacionais. Neste estudo, 104 dissertações de mestrado e 33 teses de doutorado defendidas sobre este tema em Programas de Pós-Graduação em Química, Educação e em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática no Brasil (CAPES - Área 4, 38 e 46), entre 2001 e 2010, foram analisadas. Os documentos foram investigados com base nos seguintes descritores: ano da defesa, região geográfica, instituição e programa de pós-graduação, nível de escolaridade, foco temático e tipo de trabalho acadêmico. Os resultados indicam a consolidação da área de pesquisa em formação de professores de Química no país, mostrando um aumento da produção no período analisado. Os níveis escolares focados foram o ensino superior (54,8%) e o ensino médio (37,2%), enquanto que temas sobre a formação inicial (53,3%) e o desenvolvimento profissional contínuo (36,5%) foram os mais investigados.
O PRINCÍPIO DA PRECAUÇÃO NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS COMO POSSIBILIDADE PARA A PROMOÇÃO DE DISCUSSÕES SOCIOCIENTÍFICAS
Authors: Souza Leila Cristina Aoyama Barbosa , Marques Carlos Alberto , Machado Adélio A. S. C.
Published: December 2016

Avaliar situações de risco e evitar impactos socioambientais oriundos da ciência e da tecnologia é o que fundamenta as abordagens precaucionárias. A fim de identificar como as produções acadêmicas da área de ensino de ciências vislumbram o Princípio da Precaução na educação, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico em periódicos brasileiros e internacionais da área. Observa-se a existência de trabalhos que destacam a importância de tal princípio na formação para a cidadania na educação científica. Entretanto, poucos são aqueles que aprofundam sobre o tema ou propõem modos de inseri-lo no ensino. Ao considerar estes aspectos, procuramos evidenciar maneiras de sua aplicação para a tomada de decisão em situações que apresentam incertezas científicas.
SABERES DOCENTES DESENVOLVIDOS POR PROFESSORES DO ENSINO MÉDIO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO COM A INSERÇÃO DA FÍSICA MODERNA
Authors: Sabino Aline Ribeiro , Pietrocola Maurício
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo mapear quais saberes docentes são necessários desenvolver a fim de que professores implementem sequências didáticas inovadoras no Ensino Médio. Para isso, analisamos dois docentes do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Curricular (NUPIC) na aplicação de uma sequência didática sobre Dualidade Onda-Partícula com seus alunos da 3ª série do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas da região metropolitana de São Paulo. Por meio das gravações das aulas e à luz de Tardif (2002), criamos categorias que explicitam a ação didática ao longo do curso. A partir delas, investigamos episódios específicos, mostrando que o desenvolvimento dos saberes curricular e experiencial é crucial para que a inovação ocorra.
ESTRUTURAS CULTURAIS, ESQUEMAS E RECURSOS: COMO LICENCIANDOS EM FÍSICA CONCEBEM E JUSTIFICAM O STATUS ONTOLÓGICO DE ENTIDADES EM DIFERENTES CONTEXTOS
Authors: Marineli Fábio , Pietrocola Maurício
Published: December 2016

Apresentamos no presente trabalho uma investigação acerca dos modos pelos quais estudantes de licenciatura em física compreendem a realidade de entidades científicas e de entes que compõem outros domínios, como o religioso e o cotidiano. Como referencial teórico, adotamos uma abordagem sobre cultura que destaca a influência de diversos sistemas culturais nas formas de entendimento do mundo e permite conceber a ciência como um desses sistemas. Cultura é aqui entendida a partir das caracterizações feitas por Sewell (2005), como um conjunto de várias estruturas que se sobrepõem, cada uma delas formada por esquemas e recursos. Nessa perspectiva, a aprendizagem científica seria um tipo de imersão em uma nova cultura, sendo um processo sujeito a influências de outras estruturas culturais, que trazem diferentes abordagens e formas de entendimento do mundo. Essa influência pode se fazer presente inclusive na compreensão de aspectos ontológicos do conhecimento científico, em particular no entendimento da realidade de entidades inobserváveis da ciência. O estudo aqui apresentado se deu por meio de um questionário, onde licenciandos em física atribuíram uma “intensidade da realidade” a entes/entidades pertencentes a diferentes contextos culturais e apresentaram uma justificativa para essa atribuição. Entre os resultados obtidos, destacamos a possibilidade de mais de uma leitura acerca dos critérios usados pelos licenciandos para caracterizar a realidade das entidades científicas, inclusive uma interpretação em que esses critérios parecem ser influenciados pelas estruturas culturais originárias do contexto cotidiano.
ANÁLISE FATORIAL E ANÁLISE DE CLUSTER NO MAPEAMENTO DE CONCEPÇÕES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS DE PROFESSORES SOBRE A CIÊNCIA E A ECOLOGIA
Authors: Freire Caio Castro , Motokane Marcelo Tadeu
Published: December 2016

A construção e a validação de novas ferramentas para pesquisas epistemológicas no contexto educacional mostram-se extremamente importantes, e são poucos os trabalhos na área que realizam um processo de validação utilizando técnicas da estatística multivariada. Como a literatura aponta, existem inúmeros instrumentos disponíveis para o mapeamento de visões sobre a ciência como um todo, mas poucos voltados para a caracterização de concepções campo-dependentes, ou seja, concepções sobre áreas específicas da ciência, como a ecologia, que configura entre aquelas que têm recebido menor atenção dos pesquisadores. Desse modo, o presente artigo teve como objetivos: i) validar novos questionários para o mapeamento de concepções epistemológicas sobre a ciência e a ecologia profissionais e sobre o ensino de ecologia (ecologia escolar), e ii) caracterizar os perfis de concepções epistemológicas de uma amostra inicial de professores respondentes, em função do desempenho obtido nesses questionários. Elaboramos três questionários do tipo Likert com escala de cinco pontos, e realizamos um survey online, de corte transversal, com amostragem não probabilística por conveniência. O número amostral analisado correspondeu a um total de 80 sujeitos. Foi possível avaliar, por meio da análise fatorial exploratória e da análise de consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach), a capacidade dos nossos instrumentos de medir os construtos-alvo, o que em outras pesquisas normalmente é feito apenas de maneira qualitativa e subjetiva (análise pautada exclusivamente no conteúdo e não na estrutura interna). Já a análise de agrupamento permitiu definir quais grupos de professores mostraram perfis de concepções epistemológicas mais atualizadas/sofisticadas, e quais apresentaram concepções mais limitadas/ingênuas, contribuindo também com critérios mais objetivos para a interpretação dos resultados.
Deletion of ATF4 in AgRP Neurons Promotes Fat Loss Mainly via Increasing Energy Expenditure
Authors: Deng Jiali , Yuan Feixiang , Guo Yajie , Xiao Yuzhong , Niu Yuguo , Deng Yalan , Han Xiao , Guan Youfei , Chen Shanghai , Guo Feifan
Published: December 2016

Although many functions of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) are identified, a role of ATF4 in the hypothalamus in regulating energy homeostasis is unknown. Here, we generated adult-onset agouti-related peptide neuron–specific ATF4 knockout (AgRP-ATF4 KO) mice and found that these mice were lean, with improved insulin and leptin sensitivity and decreased hepatic lipid accumulation. Furthermore, AgRP-ATF4 KO mice showed reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure, mainly because of enhanced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Moreover, AgRP-ATF4 KO mice were resistant to high-fat diet–induced obesity, insulin resistance, and liver steatosis and maintained at a higher body temperature under cold stress. Interestingly, the expression of FOXO1 was directly regulated by ATF4 via binding to the cAMP-responsive element site on its promoter in hypothalamic GT1-7 cells. Finally, Foxo1 expression was reduced in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus of AgRP-ATF4 KO mice, and adenovirus-mediated overexpression of FOXO1 in ARC increased the fat mass in AgRP-ATF4 KO mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate a novel function of ATF4 in AgRP neurons of the hypothalamus in energy balance and lipid metabolism and suggest hypothalamic ATF4 as a potential drug target for treating obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
When an Auto Industry Disappears: Australia's Experience and Lessons for Canada
Authors: Stanford Jim
Published: December 2016

All three global automakers currently manufacturing vehicles in Australia have announced their total shutdown of operations there by 2017. This shutdown has sparked some fears that Canadian auto manufacturing may follow a similar trajectory. This article reviews the factors contributing to the closures in Australia and considers key structural, economic, and policy differences between the Australian and Canadian cases. The Canadian industry enjoys several structural advantages compared with Australia, chief among them its large and bilateral trade relationship with the United States. These advantages suggest that the Canadian industry has a better prognosis.
Elektronenstrahl-Profilieren und -Umschmelzverbinden zur Verbesserung der Belastbarkeit von thermischen Spritzschichten*
Authors: Hengst P. , Zenker R. , Süß T. , Hoffmann K.
Published: December 2016

Kurzfassung

Das thermische Spritzen kommt in verschiedenen Applikationsfeldern zur Anwendung. Eine breite Palette an möglichen Beschichtungswerkstoffen und Verfahrensvarianten ermöglicht einen beanspruchungsgerechten Technologieeinsatz. Die ständig steigenden Anforderungen bezüglich der Bauteilbelastung (Verschleiß in Verbindung mit Zug, Druck, Torsion und Scherung) stellen auch für thermische Spritzschichten neue Herausforderungen dar. Das Ziel eines Forschungsvorhabens war die Verbesserung der Belastbarkeit von thermischen Spritzschichten auf Stahl- und Aluminiumsubstraten. Dazu wurden das Elektronenstrahl (EB)-Profilieren vor dem Spritzen und das lokale EB-Umschmelzverbinden nach dem Spritzen untersucht. Auf dem Substratwerkstoff AlSi35 konnte mithilfe des EB-Profilierens vor dem thermischen Spritzen durch die Erzeugung von definierten Profilmustern im Vergleich zu nicht profilierten Substraten eine deutliche Steigerung der Belastbarkeit nachgewiesen werden. Das lokale EB-Umschmelzverbinden als EB-Behandlung nach dem thermischen Spritzen bewirkt eine lokale metallurgische Anbindung der Spritzschicht an das Substrat (X2CrNiMo22-5-3). Es konnten sehr gute Ergebnisse mit Co-Basis Spritzschichten in Verbindung mit der EB-Behandlung erreicht werden.
RQP1: Heat Treatment System Survey and Quality Control*
Authors: Cardey P.-F.
Published: December 2016

RQP1 defines the quality requirements applicable to heat treatment on mechanical parts intended to be used mainly in the car manufacturing industry. It provides a reference for quality audit and for inspection of heat treatment workshops, whether these are integrated or belonging to subprime contractors. This document may also be used as basis for discussion and development of specifications. RQP1 has been written by a French working group managed by the CETIM (French Technical Center of Mechanical Industry) and composed by contractors and subcontractors of automotive industry (PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault, Faurecia, Valeo, SKF, NTN-SNR, Delphi) and by heat-treaters (Bodycote, Thermi Lyon, Metatherm, Hacer). Thus, it is in agreement with the industrial reality of the heat treatment. At the instigation of contractors and following the very favorable feedback from the RQP1's users, this document has been transcribed in a French standard (NF A 02-053) published in 2014. In October 2014, France made a new ISO standard proposal on “control of quality of heat treatment”. A draft, based on French standard NF A 02-053, has been proposed for the development of this new standard and the establishment of an ISO working group is expected for the end of 2016.
Utilisation of PVD Hard Coating after Electron Beam Surface Treatment for Cast Iron*
Authors: Buchwalder A. , Klose N. , Zenker R. , Engelmann M. , Steudtner M.
Published: December 2016

Wear protection plays an important role for highly loaded components. Therefore, PVD hard coatings with very high hardness have become well established in industrial applications for steel components in the automotive industry. As an alternative to steels, efforts are currently being focused on cast irons for components because of their reduced requirements for superior properties in machining, their lower weight, and lower costs. However, due to the insufficient load-bearing support of this soft base material and/or of their individual microstructural constituents (graphite), the use of hard coatings on cast irons for wear protection has remained limited. The present contribution deals with the possibilities with respect to using electron beam (EB) solid phase treatment (hardening) and liquid phase surface treatments with Ni-based additives (alloying) and without additives (remelting), to improve the conditions for deposition and the load-bearing support of the thin PVD hard coatings. Apart from the hardness of the EB-treated layer, the toughness of the specific microstructural constituents influences the properties of the composite layer substantially. Comparative studies of different single treatments and duplex treatments (EB treated and, subsequently, PVD hard-coated) were carried out by means of unlubricated pin-on-disc wear tests and potentiodynamic corrosion measurements in a 5% NaCl solution. The investigations proved that it is possible to use PVD hard coatings (with all their outstanding properties) for cast iron components by utilising duplex surface treatment technologies.
Rekonstruktion von Eigenspannungstiefenverläufen aus Messungen von Maß- und Formänderungen und oberflächennahen Eigenspannungen
Authors: Frerichs F. , Lübben Th. , Zoch H.-W.
Published: December 2016

Kurzfassung

Eigenspannungen spielen bei der Bewertung der Güte von Bauteilen eine große Rolle. Der Aufwand für die Messungen der Eigenspannungen, insbesondere von Eigenspannungstiefenverläufen, ist aber oft sehr groß. So müssen z. B. bei röntgenografischen Methoden sukzessive oberflächennahe Schichten aufwendig abgetragen werden. Bei Tiefen größer als ca. 1 mm muss oftmals sogar mit thermischen Neutronen oder Synchrotronstrahlung gearbeitet werden. Aus diesem Grund sind einfachere Verfahren, mit denen man auf die Spannungstiefenverläufe schließen kann, von großem Nutzen. In diesem Zusammenhang können Dehnungsmessungen bzw. Messungen von Maß und Formänderungen eine Hilfe sein. Ursachen für Verzüge sind nicht elastische Dehnungen, die durch z. B. Drehen, Schleifen, Wärmebehandlungen etc. verursacht werden. Sind am Ende des Prozesses die nicht elastischen Dehnungen asymmetrisch im Werkstück verteilt, führen sie zu charakteristischen Eigenspannungsverteilungen und Maß- und Formänderungen. Dieser Beitrag betrachtet Eigenspannungstiefenverläufe, die beim Schleifen und induktivem Erwärmen generiert werden. Im Falle von rechteckig geformten Prismen mit geringer Dicke und im Vergleich großer Länge, die nur von einer Seite bearbeitet werden, sind die Hauptverzugseffekte Biegung und Längenänderung. Diese einfach zu messenden Werte können sehr hilfreich sein, um auf die nicht elastischen Dehnungen und damit auf die korrelierenden elastischen Dehnungen bzw. Eigenspannungen 1. Art innerhalb des Werkstücks zu schließen. Da die genannten Werte sich gegenseitig beeinflussen, stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit man den Aufwand bei der Messung von Eigenspannungen durch eine Kombination von Verzugs- und röntgenografischen Messungen optimieren kann. Welche und wie viele Eigenspannungsmessungen sind notwendig, um Eigenspannungstiefenverläufe in Bereichen tiefer als 1 mm unterhalb der Oberfläche des Werkstücks abschätzen zu können?
Information about Quality Management System Requirements from Heat Treatment Processes
Authors: Rašková S.
Published: December 2016

Thermal processing always significantly affects the properties of the product. Compliance with the principles of the quality management system (QMS) and the application of standards of quality requirements, and verification of conformity can facilitate the achievement of the lasting reliability of the processes of heat treatments.
Atrial arrhythmia after newborn eye exam, to caffeine or not to caffeine?
Authors: Ahmad A. , Mondal T. , Klein B.
Published: December 2016

Mydriatic drops are routinely administered to premature neonates to screen for retinopathy of prematurity. Adverse anticholinergic side effects, particularly convulsions and tachycardia have been reported in the pediatric age group following instillation of mydriatics for diagnostic fundus examination [ 1 , 2 ]. Caffeine is frequently used for apnea of prematurity. In the neonatal intensive care unit, the combined use of caffeine and mydriatic drops is a common practice. Here we report two cases of atrial arrhythmias after neonatal eye exam that improved with conservative management. Both patients were receiving caffeine at the time of events.
A study of acute kidney injury in hospitalized preterm neonates in NICU
Authors: Nagaraj N. , Berwal P.K. , Srinivas A. , Berwal A.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to determine the incidence, clinical features, etiology and outcome of functional and intrinsic acute kidney injury (AKI) in preterm neonates.

METHODS: This is a prospective observational study on premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over an eight month period. All biochemical parameters of renal function tests were monitored and statically analyzed.

RESULTS: The study included 450 infants; of them 300 were inborn and 150 infants were outborn and transported to the NICU. Mean gestational age, weight, and age at the time of AKI diagnosis were 32.3 weeks, 1.66 kg and 3.23 days respectively. The male: female ratio was 1.84:1. Incidence of AKI was higher in low birth weight babies. Sluggishness and refusal for feed were most common symptoms. Birth asphyxia and septicemia were the most common early and late cause of AKI. Hyponatremia was the most common electrolyte disturbance. The incidences of AKI, functional renal failure, and intrinsic renal failure were 12%, 48.14%, and 51.85% respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: AKI is not uncommon in preterm infants. The early recognition and aggressive management of episodes of shock which often precede AKI could be life-saving.
Optimizing care of ventilated infants by improving weighing accuracy on incubator scales
Authors: El-Kafrawy Ula , Taylor R.J.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVES: To determine the accuracy of weighing ventilated infants on incubator scales and whether the accuracy can be improved by the addition of a ventilator tube compensator (VTC) device to counterbalance the force exerted by the ventilator tubing.

STUDY DESIGN: Body weights on integral incubator scales were compared in ventilated infants (with and without a VTC), with body weights on standalone electronic scales (true weight). Individual and series of trend weights were obtained on the infants. The method of Bland and Altman was used to assess the introduced bias.

RESULTS: The study included 60 ventilated infants; 66% of them weighed <1000 g. A total of 102 paired-weight datasets for 30 infants undergoing conventional ventilation and 30 undergoing high frequency oscillator ventilation (HFOV) supported by a SensorMedics oscillator, (with and without a VTC) were obtained. The mean differences and (95% CI for the bias) between the integral and true scale weighing methods was 60.8 g (49.1 g to 72.5 g) without and –2.8 g (–8.9 g to 3.3 g) with a VTC in HFOV infants; 41.0 g (32.1 g to 50.0 g) without and –5.1 g (–9.3 g to –0.8 g) with a VTC for conventionally ventilated infants. Differences of greater than 2% were considered clinically relevant and occurred in 93.8% without and 20.8% with a VTC in HFOV infants and 81.5% without and 27.8% with VTC in conventionally ventilated infants.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of the VTC device represents a substantial improvement on the current practice for weighing ventilated infants, particularly in the extreme preterm infants where an over- or underestimated weight can have important clinical implications for treatment. A large-scale clinical trial to validate these findings is needed.
Wireless multichannel electroencephalography in the newborn
Authors: Ibrahim Z.H. , Chari G. , Abdel Baki S. , Bronshtein V. , Kim M.R. , Weedon J. , Cracco J. , Aranda J.V.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVES: First, to determine the feasibility of an ultra-compact wireless device ( microEEG) to obtain multichannel electroencephalographic (EEG) recording in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Second, to identify problem areas in order to improve wireless EEG performance.

STUDY DESIGN: 28 subjects (gestational age 24–30 weeks, postnatal age <30 days) were recruited at 2 sites as part of an ongoing study of neonatal apnea and wireless EEG. Infants underwent 8-9 hour EEG recordings every 2–4 weeks using an electrode cap (ANT-Neuro) connected to the wireless EEG device (Bio-Signal Group). A 23 electrode configuration was used incorporating the International 10–20 System. The device transmitted recordings wirelessly to a laptop computer for bedside assessment. The recordings were assessed by a pediatric neurophysiologist for interpretability.

RESULTS: A total of 84 EEGs were recorded from 28 neonates. 61 EEG studies were obtained in infants prior to 35 weeks corrected gestational age (CGA). NICU staff placed all electrode caps and initiated all recordings. Of these recordings 6 (10%) were uninterpretable due to artifacts and one study could not be accessed. The remaining 54 (89%) EEG recordings were acceptable for clinical review and interpretation by a pediatric neurophysiologist. Of the recordings obtained at 35 weeks corrected gestational age or later only 11 out of 23 (48%) were interpretable.

CONCLUSIONS: Wireless EEG devices can provide practical, continuous, multichannel EEG monitoring in preterm neonates. Their small size and ease of use could overcome obstacles associated with EEG recording and interpretation in the NICU.
FictionalBodies, Factual Reports: Public Inquiries TV Drama and the Interrogation of the NHS
Authors: Bruce Susan
Published: December 2016

This article addresses the question: ‘What can popular culture know?’ via an examination of the critique of one British public sector institution (the NHS) articulated through a medical drama aired on another British public sector institution (the BBC). I situate Jed Mercurio's Bodies (2004–6) in the context of political intervention in the NHS over the last 30 years, and explore the relation it bears to two public NHS scandals. I argue that Bodies is highly self-aware in its representation of the changes to professional life occasioned by successive waves of NHS reform, and directly indebted to the events of, and conditions surrounding, the 1990s Bristol heart scandal. I further claim, however, that the series situates the kinds of incompetence and mismanagement that underlay real-life events in Bristol within a fictionalised managerial workspace culture in which many of the recommendations for future practice articulated in the Kennedy Report are already in place. In so doing Bodies offers a proleptic perspective on what can go wrong in the NHS, anticipating in fiction the conclusions of the Francis Reports on the Mid-Staffs scandal, several years before the events unfolding there were exposed to public view. In that process, I conclude, the series lodges a more generalised critique of neo-liberal public sector reform implicitly extendable to other public sector institutions.
Who BannedThe War Game? A Fifty-Year Controversy Reassessed
Authors: Cook John R.
Published: December 2016

The War Game (BBC TV, 1965), directed by Peter Watkins, is one of the most famous films from the 1960s. Banned from TV for twenty years, it gained a limited cinema release which saw it go on to win an Oscar in 1967. Suspicions have long circulated that the BBC's decision to ban the film from TV arose as a result of pressure from government amid fears of the effect that Watkins' documentary dramatisation of a nuclear attack on the UK might have on mass TV audiences. On the fiftieth anniversary of the censorship of the film, this article takes a fresh look at the controversy, examining previously classified Cabinet Office papers and tracing in greater detail than ever before how ministers and civil servants working for Harold Wilson's 1964–70 Labour government reacted to and dealt with the issue. From this evidence, the article argues that the TV censorship of The War Game involved a complex interaction between civil servants in Whitehall, government ministers, including Prime Minister Harold Wilson himself, the Director-General of the BBC and the Chairman of the BBC Board of Governors. The article traces the close relationship between Whitehall and the upper echelons of the BBC during this Cold War period, and argues that The War Game offers a very interesting historical case study which raises disturbing questions both about the limits of the BBC's professed liberalism of the 1960s and about the true extent of its much-vaunted independence from government. The latter is particularly important in the light of more recent and current threats to that independence.
Innocence Unprotected? Permissiveness and the AA Certificate 1970–82
Authors: Upton Julian
Published: December 2016

This article focuses on the British Board of Film Censors' (BBFC) relatively short-lived AA certificate, launched in 1970 in a revamp of the classification system amidst increasingly heated arguments around ‘permissiveness’ and the cinema. The AA was introduced by BBFC Secretary John Trevelyan in order to reduce the ubiquity of X-certificated films and to acknowledge a liberalisation of attitudes in the classification of material for teenage audiences. Although it arguably failed overall to meet its broader, progressive objectives, the AA did represent a degree of censorial relaxation and had the potential to help to bring British film classification further in line with the more relaxed systems in western Europe and the US. However, the rating met with trouble from the outset, with hostility from exhibitors, confusion from audiences and apathy from film distributors. Furthermore, its application would be restrained by excessive caution, indecisiveness and ‘quality’ concerns on the part of the BBFC, and ultimately would fall foul of a renewed vigilance around film censorship that took hold in Britain in the early 1980s.
The Organizational Valuation of Valuation Devices: Putting Lean whiteboard management to work in a hospital department
Authors: Martinus Hauge Amalie
Published: December 2016

This paper is about the interplay between multiple modes of valuation. The paper engages with the question of how a valuation device intersects with the working values of an organization. While the many studies of valuation practices have drawn attention to the pervasive effects of valuation devices, only a few studies have taken into account the fact that many spaces, including organizations, are already filled with practices and ideas that constitute what is valuable. Revisiting classical organization theory, this paper shows that organizations comprise multiple, more—or less—integrated modes of valuation. Empirically, the paper draws on an ethnographic study of Lean management at a children’s hospital, which is presented through analytical snapshots. The paper suggests that an organizational turn is relevant for valuation studies, as this fi rst allows an analytical expansion to include less ‘deviced’ valuations, contributes to the ongoing culture vs. device debate offering an alternative to the causal analysis of devices and effects without making the ‘ineffable culture’ what makes or breaks the causality.
APPLICATION OF GNSS TECHNOLOGY IN SURFACE MINING
Authors: Vrublova Dana , Kapica Roman , Gibesova Beata , Mudruňka Jaroslav , Struś Adam
Published: December 2016

VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, institute of geodesy and mine surveying has been cooperating with Severočeske doly j.s.c. (SD) in important research project since 2007. The main goal is improve control system for opencast mining. Two bucket wheel excavators (K800/103 and KU300/27) were equipped with measurement hardware at the Libouš Lignite Mine (North Bohemia brown coal basin). The position of the bucket wheel centre is computed by means of GNSS data, inclinometer and incremental measurements. Data is transferred to a base. All the values measured are saved in this database. The surface layout of the mine as well as positions of underground geological layers are updated on a regular basis in the digital model of the mine. The main aim of the research is verifying the system in connection to digital model for short time prognosis of qualitative parameters of coal (Ad, Sd, Qr, Wr and MS), continuous automatic computation of mined materials (m3, tons) and continuous checking of creation of the movement surface/plane of the excavator and mining goals. Mine surveyors have a lead role in the working team. The paper describes possibilities of using the GNSS for mine surveying and for production planning.
DIGITAL ZENITH CAMERA OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LATVIA
Authors: Zariņš Ansis , Rubans Augusts , Silabriedis Gunārs
Published: December 2016

Design of digital zenith camera in Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics of the University of Latvia started in 2009. Now, after tests of a prototype, improvements of design and manufacturing of the second version, it has reached operational status. The paper describes construction of camera, features of it‘s control software. Vertical deflection determination results are discussed.
DRAWING UP MAPS OF INFERTILE SOIL PLOTS USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Gaudėšius Rimvydas
Published: December 2016

There are quite a lot of unused plots of lands that are suitable for agriculture or other business in the territory of Lithuania. This has happened because of various social, natural and economic reasons. Scientists emphasize that all intensity of agricultural production is determined by different conditions of development of agricultural activities. Productivity of soil is highly significant in this case.

Big farmers control vast territories in which natural conditions are different. Some farmers engage in one type of activities in their farms, whereas others develop different business. Using the territory used for agriculture to engage in different activities is more efficient economically because different crops need different conditions to grow; therefore, it is possible to obtain higher economic efficiency taking into account the characteristics of soil.

Taking into account the relevance of such a map in practice, it was decided to try to draw it up using geographic information systems. The biggest problem while performing this task is the fact that initial information is saved in different formats. The article also describes the capacities of software. It is noteworthy that the situation is analyzed in respect of drawing up a map of individual holdings not a mass map of unproductive land. The article is more of practical nature; therefore, the results reflect program capacities and theoretical ideas more that could be useful in business and expand the capabilities of land management officers‘ activities.
THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF 3D ALFVÉN RESONANCES: NORMAL MODES
Authors: Wright Andrew N. , Elsden Thomas
Published: December 2016

We consider the resonant coupling of fast and Alfvén magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in a 3D equilibrium. Numerical solutions to normal modes (

) are presented, along with a theoretical framework to interpret them. The solutions we find are fundamentally different from those in 1D and 2D. In 3D there exists an infinite number of possible resonant solutions within a “Resonant Zone,” and we show how boundary conditions and locally 2D regions can favor particular solutions. A unique feature of the resonance in 3D is switching between different permissible solutions when the boundary of the Resonant Zone is encountered. The theoretical foundation that we develop relies upon recognizing that, in 3D, the orientation of the resonant surface will not align in a simple fashion with an equilibrium coordinate. We present a method for generating the Alfvén wave natural frequencies for an arbitrarily oriented Alfvén wave, which requires a careful treatment of scale factors describing the background magnetic field geometry.
RUNAWAY DWARF CARBON STARS AS CANDIDATE SUPERNOVA EJECTA
Authors: Plant Kathryn A. , Margon Bruce , Guhathakurta Puragra , Cunningham Emily C. , Toloba Elisa , Munn Jeffrey A.
Published: December 2016

The dwarf carbon (dC) star SDSS J112801.67+004034.6 has an unusually high radial velocity, 531 ± 4 km s−1. We present proper motion and new spectroscopic observations which imply a large Galactic rest frame velocity, 425 ± 9 km s−1. Several other SDSS dC stars are also inferred to have very high galactocentric velocities, again each based on both high heliocentric radial velocity and also confidently detected proper motions. Extreme velocities and the presence of C
2 bands in the spectra of dwarf stars are both rare. Passage near the Galactic center can accelerate stars to such extreme velocities, but the large orbital angular momentum of SDSS J1128 precludes this explanation. Ejection from a supernova in a binary system or disruption of a binary by other stars are possibilities, particularly as dC stars are thought to obtain their photospheric C
2 via mass transfer from an evolved companion.
ON THE NON-KOLMOGOROV NATURE OF FLARE-PRODUCTIVE SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS
Authors: Mandage Revati S. , McAteer R. T. James
Published: December 2016

A magnetic power spectral analysis is performed on 53 solar active regions, observed from 2011 August to 2012 July. Magnetic field data obtained from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, inverted as Active Region Patches, are used to study the evolution of the magnetic power index as each region rotates across the solar disk. Active regions are classified based on the numbers and sizes of solar flares they produce in order to study the relationship between flare productivity and the magnetic power index. The choice of window size and inertial range plays a key role in determining the correct magnetic power index. The overall distribution of magnetic power indices has a range of 1.0–2.5. Flare-quiet regions peak at a value of 1.6. However, flare-productive regions peak at a value of 2.2. Overall, the histogram of the distribution of power indices of flare-productive active regions is well separated from flare-quiet active regions. Only 12% of flare-quiet regions exhibit an index greater than 2, whereas 90% of flare-productive regions exhibit an index greater than 2. Flare-quiet regions exhibit a high temporal variance (i.e., the index fluctuates between high and low values), whereas flare-productive regions maintain an index greater than 2 for several days. This shows the importance of including the temporal evolution of active regions in flare prediction studies, and highlights the potential of a 2–3 day prediction window for space weather applications.
MAPPING THE REAL-SPACE DISTRIBUTIONS OF GALAXIES IN SDSS DR7. I. TWO-POINT CORRELATION FUNCTIONS
Authors: Shi Feng , Yang Xiaohu , Wang Huiyuan , Zhang Youcai , Mo H. J. , van den Bosch Frank C. , Li Shijie , Liu Chengze , Lu Yi , Tweed Dylan , Yang Lei
Published: December 2016

Using a method to correct redshift-space distortion (RSD) for individual galaxies, we mapped the real-space distributions of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 (DR7). We use an ensemble of mock catalogs to demonstrate the reliability of our method. Here, in the first paper in a series, we focus mainly on the two-point correlation function (2PCF) of galaxies. Overall the 2PCF measured in the reconstructed real space for galaxies brighter than

agrees with the direct measurement to an accuracy better than the measurement error due to cosmic variance, if the reconstruction uses the correct cosmology. Applying the method to the SDSS DR7, we construct a real-space version of the main galaxy catalog, which contains 396,068 galaxies in the North Galactic Cap with redshifts in the range 0.01 ≤ z ≤ 0.12. The Sloan Great Wall, the largest known structure in the nearby universe, is not as dominant an overdense structure as it appears to be in redshift space. We measure the 2PCFs in reconstructed real space for galaxies of different luminosities and colors. All of them show clear deviations from single power-law forms, and reveal clear transitions from one-halo to two-halo terms. A comparison with the corresponding 2PCFs in redshift space nicely demonstrates how RSDs boost the clustering power on large scales (by about 40%–50% at scales

) and suppress it on small scales (by about 70%–80% on a scale of

).
SPHERICAL HARMONIC ANALYSES OF INTENSITY MAPPING POWER SPECTRA
Authors: Liu Adrian , Zhang Yunfan , Parsons Aaron R.
Published: December 2016

Intensity mapping is a promising technique for surveying the large-scale structure of our universe from z = 0 to z ∼ 150, using the brightness temperature field of spectral lines to directly observe previously unexplored portions of our cosmic timeline. Examples of targeted lines include the 21 cm hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen, rotational lines of carbon monoxide, and fine-structure lines of singly ionized carbon. Recent efforts have focused on detections of the power spectrum of spatial fluctuations, but have been hindered by systematics such as foreground contamination. This has motivated the decomposition of data into Fourier modes perpendicular and parallel to the line of sight, which has been shown to be a particularly powerful way to diagnose systematics. However, such a method is well-defined only in the limit of a narrow-field, flat-sky approximation. This limits the sensitivity of intensity mapping experiments, as it means that wide surveys must be separately analyzed as a patchwork of smaller fields. In this paper, we develop a framework for analyzing intensity mapping data in a spherical Fourier–Bessel basis, which incorporates curved sky effects without difficulty. We use our framework to generalize a number of techniques in intensity mapping data analysis from the flat sky to the curved sky. These include visibility-based estimators for the power spectrum, treatments of interloper lines, and the “foreground wedge” signature of spectrally smooth foregrounds.
IC 3639—A NEW BONA FIDE COMPTON-THICK AGN UNVEILED BY NuSTAR
Authors: Boorman Peter G. , Gandhi P. , Alexander D. M. , Annuar A. , Ballantyne D. R. , Bauer F. , Boggs S. E. , Brandt W. N. , Brightman M. , Christensen F. E. , Craig W. W. , Farrah D. , Hailey C. J. , Harrison F. A. , Hönig S. F. , Koss M. , LaMassa S. M. , Masini A. , Ricci C. , Risaliti G. , Stern D. , Zhang W. W.
Published: December 2016

We analyze high-quality NuSTAR observations of the local (z = 0.011) Seyfert 2 active galactic nucleus (AGN) IC 3639, in conjunction with archival Suzaku and Chandra data. This provides the first broadband X-ray spectral analysis of the source, spanning nearly two decades in energy (0.5–30 keV). Previous X-ray observations of the source below 10 keV indicated strong reflection/obscuration on the basis of a pronounced iron fluorescence line at 6.4 keV. The hard X-ray energy coverage of NuSTAR, together with self-consistent toroidal reprocessing models, enables direct broadband constraints on the obscuring column density of the source. We find the source to be heavily Compton-thick (CTK) with an obscuring column in excess of

cm−2, unconstrained at the upper end. We further find an intrinsic 2–10 keV luminosity of

to 90% confidence, almost 400 times the observed flux, and consistent with various multiwavelength diagnostics. Such a high ratio of intrinsic to observed flux, in addition to an Fe-Kα fluorescence line equivalent width exceeding 2 keV, is extreme among known bona fide CTK AGNs, which we suggest are both due to the high level of obscuration present around IC 3639. Our study demonstrates that broadband spectroscopic modeling with NuSTAR enables large corrections for obscuration to be carried out robustly and emphasizes the need for improved modeling of AGN tori showing intense iron fluorescence.
CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF RED MSX SOURCES IN THE SOUTHERN SKY
Authors: Yu Naiping , Xu Jinlong
Published: December 2016

Red Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) Sources (RMSs) are regarded as excellent candidates of massive star-forming regions. In order to characterize the chemical properties of massive star formation, we made a systematic study of 87 RMSs in the southern sky, using archival data taken from the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy (ATLASGAL), the Australia Telescope Compact Array, and the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team Survey at 90 GHz (MALT90). According to previous multiwavelength observations, our sample could be divided into two groups: massive young stellar objects and H ii regions. Combined with the MALT90 data, we calculated the column densities of N2H+, C2H, HC3N, and HNC and found that they are not much different from previous studies made in other massive star-forming regions. However, their abundances are relatively low compared to infrared dark clouds (IRDCs). The abundances of N2H+ and HNC in our sample are at least 1 mag lower than those found in IRDCs, indicating chemical depletions in the relatively hot gas. Besides, the fractional abundances of N2H+, C2H, and HC3N seem to decrease as a function of their Lyman continuum fluxes (N

L
), indicating that these molecules could be destroyed by UV photons when H ii regions have formed inside. We also find that the C2H abundance decreases faster than HC3N with respect to N

L
. The abundance of HNC has a tight correlation with that of N2H+, indicating that it may be also preferentially formed in cold gas. We regard our RMSs as being in a relatively late evolutionary stage of massive star formation.