bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation Study of the Ultrasonic Attenuation Measurement of Particle Concentration
Authors: Sun Bao Jiang , Chen Ji Guang
Published: March 2013

This paper analysis principle of BLBL(Bouguer-Laanbert-Beer-Law) model, and introduce SiO2 physical parameters of the simulation experiments to verify the scope of the model and the expected value of the theoretical model. The model be applicable under the low concentrations and meets unrelated conditions. The model full-scattering method in the optics methods of measurement obtained consistent with the theoretical value.
Establishment of the Print-Through Forecasting Model Based on the Optical Density Difference and its Application
Authors: Liu Jing
Published: March 2013

In order to control the print-through, the value of print-through resistance (PTR for short) was put forward to predict the print-through of lithograph. For 5 given paper samples, the relationships between their PTR and print-through (expressed with ΔD) was explored under three sets of printing condition in this paper. The results showed that the PTR increase could lead to decrease of the print-through value. In particular, no matter what kind of conditions, the print-through value was almost smaller than 0.04 when the PTR of those paper samples was larger than 72%, which seems to be the absence of print-through phenomenon.
Synthesis and Characterization of ZnAPSO-34 Membrane on Porous α- Al2O3 Support
Authors: Brahim Abbad , Lounis Azeddine , Condom Sylvie , Taibi K.
Published: March 2013

Zeolites and other inorganic molecular sieve membranes have shown potential for separation based on molecular size and shape because of their small pore sized, typically less than 1nm, and their narrow pore size distribution. The in situ synthesis of ZnAPSO-34 films supported on alumina substrates is reported in this paper. Organic and water contents, alumina source, and supports have important roles in the syntheses of ZnAPSO-34 film. Traditionally, the role of organic molecules in the synthesis of these materials has been associated to their structure-directing and their protonation abilities. In our work, we were interested in a new family of materials; the alumino-phosphate, which are similar to zeolites. This work concerns the in-situ preparation of films of ZnAPSO-34 on porous α -alumina tubes. These films of ZnAPSO-34 corresponding to the structure Chabazite (CHA) have an effective intracrystal nanopore diameter of 0.38 nm. The hydrothermal synthesis was made in an autoclave under autogenous pressure. The membrane used was characterized by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy after calcination.
A Bayesian Network Method for Automatic Classification of Eddy Current NDE Signals
Authors: Ye Bo , Zeng Fang , Li Ming
Published: March 2013

Eddy current nondestructive evaluation (ECNDE) techniques are widely used in structural integrity and health monitoring. A novel algorithm was proposed for characterizing eddy current (EC) signals. In scanning inspection, the EC signals responding to impedance change were pre-processed for noise elimination and feature extraction. After feature extraction, Bayesian networks (BNs) were carried out to classify EC signals. It is shown by extensive experiments that kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is better than principal component analysis (PCA) for feature extraction. The methods using BNs by KPCA feature extraction can perform better than the other classification methods.
Soft Sensing Based on EMD and Improved PSO-SVM
Authors: Wang Qiang , Tian Xue Min
Published: March 2013

A kind of soft sensing is proposed by combining empirical mode decomposition(EMD) with support vector machine optimized by improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO-SVM). EMD is a highly adaptive decomposition and can decompose any complicated signal into so called Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF), which not only has excellent performance of feature extraction but also can reduce the dimension of the model input data space. we can extracts IMF energy feature as the input feature vectors of IPSO-SVM. Support vector machine (SVM) has been successfully employed to solve regression problem but it is difficult to select appropriate SVM parameters. A new SVM model based on adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) for parameter optimization is proposed which not only has strong global search capability, but also is very easy to implement. The proposed method is used to build soft sensing of diesel oil solidifying point. Compared with other two models, the result shows that IPSO-SVM approach has a better prediction and generalization.
The Study of Symbiosis Question of Clusters Enterprise Value Chain in the “Post Crisis Era” - A Perspective Based on Value Network and Grid
Authors: Bu Hua Bai , Bu Shi Zhen
Published: March 2013

Along with the constant evolution of the world economy, the global economic crisis which was following the United States sub-prime loans crisis has entered “post crisis era”. However, it is still not resolved that this crisis has highlighted the problem of abnormal inner structure of clusters enterprise value chain in our country, and some developmental obstacles coexist in the cluster enterprises. This article addresses the realities of the “post crisis era” with value network and Grid as the starting points and puts forward a symbiotic path of cluster enterprises value chain, and then provides a theoretical basis for the decision about the symbiosis.
An Improved Canny Edge Detection Algorithm
Authors: Sun Tao , Gao Chang Zhi
Published: March 2013

Traditional Canny edge detection algorithm uses a global threshold selection method, when large changes are in the background of the image and the target gray, global threshold method may lose some local edge information. For this problem, this paper therefore proposes an adaptive dynamic threshold improved Canny edge detection algorithm. The method uses image gradient variance as the criterion of the image block according to the four forks tree principle, then uses the Otsu method to get the corresponding sub-block threshold value for each sub-block, and obtains threshold value matrix by interpolation, finally, gets image edge with improved edge connected algorithm. Experimental results show that, the algorithm not only has good anti-noise performance, but also better detection accuracy.
The Research of Cross-Layer Architecture for Cognitive UACN
Authors: Peng Yi , Liu Yu Ping , Long Hua , Shao Yu Bing
Published: March 2013

Underwater acoustic communication network (UACN) has been considered as one of the main technologies for underwater communication. But underwater environmental is complex, water is a worse communication medium than the air, and in limited bandwidth. Thus, it is necessary to explore higher communication and network intelligence such as cognitive radio (CR) in UACN. In this paper, a concept of environment-adaptive CR-based UACN is proposed. Furthermore, the design of cross-layer network architecture, cognitive system processing cycle and the obstacle of CR-based UACN realization are described and discussed.
The Parallel Design and Implementation of the PCNN Algorithm Based on the Visual Perception Information
Authors: Zhao Yan Ming , Wang Yong
Published: March 2013

The PCNN algorithm based on the visual perception of information can better analyze and understand the natural essence of image. But the multi-parameter settings and high computational complexity restrict the application of the algorithm in the industrial real-time image processing. Based on this, The parallel design and implementation of the PCNN algorithm based on the visual perception information is proposed. The PCNN algorithm is improved by the visual perception method, through analyzing parallelization of the feasibility of the algorithm, the parallel algorithm running at the cluster and experimental environment are developed. The performance of the parallel algorithm is verified by industrial image on the cluster, the experimental results show that the parallelized the PCNN algorithm has a better scalability and speedup.
Study on Air Preheater Corrosion Problem of CFB Biomass Directed-Fired Boiler in Zhanjiang Biomass Power Plant
Authors: Song Jing Hui , Gu Yan , Li Ji , Fang Jiang Tao
Published: March 2013

Biomass has attracted more and more attention in the world as renewable energy. Biomass direct-fired technology is a relatively mature technology with widely application in China. Due to the high content of alkali metals and chlorine in the biomass fuel, biomass direct-fired power plant suffers from ash-deposition and corrosion problems of low-temperature heating surface in boiler, accordingly impact the security and economy of boiler. Based on the literature survey, on-site detection, as well as EDXRF experimental analysis, reasons which resulted in ash-depostion and corrosion problems of air preheater are analyzed for 2×50MW CFB (Circulating Fluidized Bed) boilers in Zhanjiang Biomass Direct-fired Power Plant by Guangdong Yudean Group. Suggestive measures to prevent ash-depostion and corrosion are also proposed in this paper by the analysis of biomass combustion characteristics, ash-depostion and corrosion formation mechanism.
The Research on Iron and Steel Enterprises Operation Model Based on the Characteristics of the Accessories Resources
Authors: Wang Yan Hong , Zhang Hua , Jiang Zhi Gang , Zhao Gang
Published: March 2013

For the iron and steel enterprises are CO2 emitters, the reduction of CO2 emission is the requirement to save energy, protect environment and sustainable development of the steel industry. This article research on iron and steel enterprises operation model based on the characteristics of the accessories resources. And on the analysis of the impact of CO2 emission factors, a mathematical model is built to reveal how the accessories resources influence the steel manufacture system's resource consumption and environmental impact.
Research on Renewable Power Technology Training Course for Employees of the Grid
Authors: Ma Meng Chao , Kong Peng , Chen Dong Li
Published: March 2013

The Renewable Power Technology Training Course is described in the article which was developed by Renewable Power Technology training lab of State Grid Technology College. The course has been developed to train all new staff of the State Grid and was building in block designed. The blocks were in various forms, including theory, video, and training. The feedback information indicates that the course content can satisfy the job needs of the trainee, the form of design is reasonable. The training effect has been unanimously certificated by the trainee.
Analysis on the Mechanism of Knowledge Alliance of University Industry Research Institute
Authors: Wang Yu Mei , Luo Guang Feng
Published: March 2013

Using system dynamics method analyzes operation and development mechanism of university-industry-research institute knowledge alliance. Firstly, we should analyze the target, the key member and the influencing factors. Secondly, we analyze causal relationship of all elements during university-industry-research institute knowledge alliance and establish SD model of knowledge resources, SD model of knowledge production and SD model of social support.
Experimental Study on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass Pellet
Authors: Xue Ai Jun , Pan Ji Hong , Tian Mao Cheng
Published: March 2013

In the present study, catalytic pyrolysis characteristics of corn straw pellet were studied in biomass pyrolysis test bench. The effect of content of CaO added in biomass pellet on pyrolysis products was investigated. The results showed that: with the increase of CaO content, the yield of tar decreased ,and the yield of char and gas increased. Among gas compositions, the volume percentage of CO、H2、CH4 increased, while the volume percentage of CO2 decrease greatly. The Calorific values of the gas increase distinctly. The results have significant theoretical guidance on the application of biomass pellets in biomass gasification equipments.
Components Characteristics of Wood Vinegar from Rice Husk Continuous Pyrolysis and Catalytic Cracking
Authors: Wang Ming Feng , Jiang En Chen , Xiong Lei Ming , Xu Xi Wei , Zhao Chuang , Wang Gang , Ma Qian
Published: March 2013

Wood vinegar is one of the major products of biomass pyrolysis, and it contains a large number of beneficial ingredients. We investigated the components of fresh and preserved wood vinegar gained from rice husk continuous pyrolysis and catalytic cracking. The main ingredients of fresh pyrolysis wood vinegar are acids, phenols and ketones. The species of ketones are more than any other compounds, but the content of each single component is very low. After a year’s preservation, the content of acids and alcohols increases, while phenols decreases. For the catalytic cracking wood vinegar, the content of acids is low, while the content of phenols and ketones is high. The content of acids, phenols and alcohols increases remarkably, and the content of ketones decreases sharply after a year. N in the wood vinegar exists in the form of amino, nitroso and cyclization. Ketol and unsaturated ketones could be generated by condensation reaction of ketones, and alcohols from the reduction reaction or addition reaction of ketones, caused the increase of alcohols and enol ketone. Phenol could be generated by dealkylation reaction of alkylphenol, and alkyl broke into small molecule alcohols and carboxylic acids, caused an increment of acids and alcohols. Acids and alcohols with longer carbon chain, which may be the by-products of some reactions or products of condensation reactions, are detected in the preserved wood vinegar.
An Improvement Method for Extracting Five Parameters of a Solar Cell Based on Lambert W-Function with the Current-Voltage Data
Authors: Zhang Zhong Zheng , Cheng Xiao Fang , Liu Jin Long
Published: March 2013

This article proposes a new method for the extraction of five parameters of a solar cell using Lambert W-function with the current-voltage data. Here we select three points: the short circuit point, the open circuit point, and the maximum power point. On the basis of these we construct five equations to establish a nonlinear formula, in which the series resistance can directly be obtained. The other four parameters are calculated by series resistance. This method is confirmed by two different solar cell data in Matlab software.
A Study of Electricity Generating from Small Multi-Blade Wind Turbine for a Household
Authors: Keawsuntia Yuttachai
Published: March 2013

A small multi-blade wind turbine is an alternative technology in order to electricity generating for use in a household because of the construction is cheap. From the study, the performance calculations by simulation program show that a number of blade at 12 blades is the optimum value for applying to this wind turbine that give maximum power coefficient of 0.29 at a tip speed ratio of 1.2. The results from the test run of wind rotor connected with generator in the wind tunnel at a wind velocity of 2 m/s, 3 m/s and 4 m/s, the system give the electric power of 2.5 W, 4.25 W and 4.49 W respectively.
Comparison of Archimedean Screw and Normal Pump in Pumped Storage Generation Combined with Wind Power Generation
Authors: Zhai Ya Zhou , Ma Jing Hao , Mitobe Masaki , Uehara Soichiro , Gon Shao Yan , Sugawara Akira
Published: March 2013

Renewable energy resources such as wind energy have a disadvantage that the quality of output power is lower than that of fossil fuel resources. To solve this problem, pumped storage power system with Archimedean screw is designed. The structure and principle of operation are introduced and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed according to the theory and the simulation. In this paper, comparison has been done by collecting and analyzing the data and simulated the system on different condition to show the differences of the two types of pumps working on the pumped storage system.
Cluster Control of Grid-Connected PV System
Authors: Zeng Ya Wen , Xu Yong Hai
Published: March 2013

A cluster control method for grid-connected PV system has been presented in the paper. In the method, the operation of DC switches is controlled by optimization model for conversion efficiency of cluster of inverters and a 3MW PV system has been built on PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation model run normally and stable by using the cluster control method which indicated the method is feasible.
Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Flow for Variable-Pitch Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Yao Zhen Qiu , Yang Cheng Long
Published: March 2013

Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Fluent, numerical simulation for unsteady flow around the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) was performed, which was based on the UDF controlled sliding meshes method. And SST k-ω turbulent model and SIMPLE algorithm were used to solve the unsteady incompressible N-S equation. Velocity magnitude profile, pressure, the blade force and the torque had been obtained by doing this. The result shows this method can effectively simulate the unsteady flow field performance of the variable-pitch vertical axis wind turbine, and it provides a new method for variable-pitch vertical axis wind turbine’s simulations.
Variation of Aerodynamic Load Engineering Analysis during Wind Turbine Run
Authors: Guan Xin , Wang Hua Dong , Sun Zhi Li , Bi Xiao Guo , Liu Xu Dong
Published: March 2013

In order to improve design reliability of wind turbine, it is needed that calculating method of aerodynamic load during wind turbine run. In paper from the angle of the project, NACA special airfoil of wind turbine is analyzed. Combined with thin-theory, airfoil angle of attack variation is deduced, meanwhile wind turbine actual force is calculated in each blade location point when blade of wind turbine is running based on wind shear theory and tower shadow effect. According to actual condition calculation method is engineering amplified, aerodynamic load calculation method of wind turbine blade is obtained. By this method aerodynamic load which is calculated match with experiment result, it fits better.
Research on Matching of Main Engine and Turbocharger on Sail-Assisted Ship
Authors: Zhao Jun Hao , Ren Hong Ying , Huang Lian Zhong
Published: March 2013

To research the matching of main engine and turbocharger on sail-assisted ship, a 76000 deadweight tonnage cargo ship with 5S60MC main engine and TCA66 turbocharger was selected. The simulation model of working process of the engine was established, with AVL BOOST software, and verified by bench test results. Then, the model was used to analyze the matching of main engine and turbocharger, at constant speed mode of the main engine and constant speed mode of the ship. The results show that, the matching of main engine and turbocharger is acceptable, on the selected sail-assisted ship. However, special attentions should be paid to the turbocharger when the engine load is above 85.6% of the rated power at constant speed mode of the ship, to avoid surge of the compressor.
Forecast of Energy Storage Applied in Wind Power Integration
Authors: Yan Qing You , Yan Xin , He Si Qi
Published: March 2013

Now, the wind power in China develops quite rapidly and the installation of wind power is accounting more and more in power generating installation. Wind power, as a typical kind of renewable energy, is intermittent and unstable so that causes concerns about the damage it may do to power grid when integrate the large-scale wind power. According to that, integration is the main restraint for China to develop wind power. Energy storage, as an emerging technology, has been applied, tested and operated for a few years. It can solve integration problem efficiently and improve the efficiency of wind power integrating with the power grid. Hence, there is a large demand of energy storage on the wind power market. This paper chose grey forecast method to predict the installation of wind power in the near future. Then based on the forecast result, this paper selected low, medium and high rate of energy storage for the wind power system, and finally it predicted the demand of energy storage in the wind power integration from 2012~2015. This paper provided quantitative number and made it possible to plan further development.
Nuclear Power Accidents and its Development Prospects
Authors: Cheng San You , Li Ying Jie
Published: March 2013

Too much worry on the safety of nuclear power has made many people take a negative attitude to the development of nuclear power. Nuclear safety experts pointed out that the nuclear fear of people is often due to little knowledge on the nuclear power. The paper analyses comprehensively the advantages of nuclear power, the safety of nuclear power, the reasons of nuclear power accident and its implications. Basised on these, development prospects of nuclear power is discussed.
Numerical Study the Performance of Microfluidic Fuel Cell with Porous Electrodes
Authors: Gao Ming Feng , Zuo Yu Xin , Yu Ying , Zuo Chun Cheng
Published: March 2013

Microfluidic fuel cell with flow-through porous electrodes is a new concept design which can significantly improve cell performance. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model which is based on mathematical formulations of laminar flow, species transport, and electrochemical reactions was developed to determine the effects of some important physical factors on cell performance. Moreover, this model also can be used to guide further optimization. The numerical simulation results obtained show that the cell performance is considered as functions of volumetric flow rate and porosity value. The peak power density increased almost linearly with the increase of flow rate when it less than 60µL min-1 .However, as the flow rate up to 60µL min-1, the cell performance becomes less sensitive to the increase of flow rate, and the corresponding maximum fuel utilization was achieved at the porosity value of 0.65.
Design of Dynamic MCFC Simulation Bed for MBOP Feasibility Test of Marine Applications
Authors: Sung Tae Hong , Kim Kyung Chun
Published: March 2013

Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) is achieving relatively high output and efficiency and reaching the level of commercialization compared to other fuel cells. Recently many studies are dealt with mobile applications of MCFC to use those superlative properties. But until now, researches are dealt with steady state energy analysis and life cycle assessment analysis. The practical dynamic feasibility analysis has not been done. Here we report, dynamic MCFC model and simultaneous mechanical balance of plant (MBOP) test algorithm can be used for evaluating feasibility of MCFC marine application. We modeled four 300 kW class MCFC stacks with a dynamic form in MATLAB/ SIMULINK package. Developed simulation bed can be used to deal with overall MCFC performance evaluation and various MBOP feasibility test.
Construction of Scientific Evaluation System for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Oriented to Product Full Life-Cycle
Authors: Zhou Lin , Xu Jin Fu , Xu Xue Bo
Published: March 2013

The widely used single assessment index such as energy consumption and main pollutants total emissions index can't comprehensively evaluation energy conservation and emission reduction. In this paper, a scientific comprehensive evaluation method of energy consumption based on the product life-cycle was proposed. This method fully consider industry characteristics at the same time, comprehensively use stratified fuzzy evaluation method. And the multi-objective colligation evaluation model and scientific evaluation system for energy saving and emission reduction oriented to industry characteristics was constructed. Finally, the empirical research was carried out take the heat treatment industry in Ningbo city as an example, and the result shows that this evaluation system is scientific and reasonable.
An Novel Synthesis Route of γ-Nitro-β-Aryl-α-Methylene Arone: Microwave-Assisted Michael Reaction of Phosphorus Ylides to Nitroolefins
Authors: Yang Yi Si , Zhang Yan
Published: March 2013

Michael-type addition of stabilized phosphorus ylides to nitroolefins was accomplished under microwave irradiation for the first time. Its subsequent reaction with formaldehyde provides γ-nitro-β-aryl-α-methylene arone. The solvents, microwave time and power were screened, the best yield was got(up to 62% ).
The Effects of Methanol on Honehe Lignite Pyrolysis
Authors: He De Min , Guan Jun , Zhang Lin , Zhang Qiu Min
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the pyrolysis of Honehe Lignite in N2 and N2-Methanol atmospheres were investigated on a fixed-bed reactor. The methanol flow rate, pressure, temperature and holding time were studied. The maximum of coal tar yields 12.01% (with methanol injected in) and 9.61% (absence of methanol) were achieved on the conditions of 520°C, 0.5MPa, N2 flow rate 50ml/min, methanol flow rate 0.1ml/min and holding time 20min, and the relative growing rate was about 25.0%. The gas from coal pyrolysis was detected by GC, and the coal tar was reprocessed and then detected by GC-MS. While the solid char was detected by IR to study the change of oxygen functional group during coal pyrolysis in N2-Methanol atmosphere. Compared with that pyrolysis in N2 atmosphere, the components, characteristics and properties of coal tar, gas and solid char varied a lot. The results showed that the injection of methanol into the system changed the products yields and distribution. The results showed that the total yields of phenol, cresol and xylenol (short for PCX) in the Acidic were about 1.93% and 1.15% (daf) in two atmospheres respectively, the PCX yields with methanol injected was about 1.67 times higher than that absence of methanol.
Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan Edible Film
Authors: Zhang Yun Bin , Peng Jun , Wang Jing Wen
Published: March 2013

The influence of factors, including different raw material ratio, drying temperature, concentration of glycerol and degassing time, on properties of chitosan edible film was studied. The results showed that higher mechanical properties of films could be achieved when chitosan and glycerin concentration were 1.5% and 0.5% respectively, and dried temperature was 55°C. Addition of proper amount of plasticizer could improve the properties of film.
A Hydrothermal Process for the Fabrication of Nickel Foam Based NiO and Co3O4 Nanostructures with Excellent Properties for Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Kong Ling Bin , Li Xiao Ming , Liu Mao Cheng , Ma Xue Jing , Luo Yong Chun , Kang Long
Published: March 2013

Unique NiO and Co3O4 nanostructures were successfully deposited on nickel foam (NF) substrate by a hydrothermal process. Both of them are highly dispersed on the surface of NF, showing a unique nanoporous film structure. They exhibit excellent electrochemical performance due to their effective porous structure which introducing facile electrolyte penetration and fast proton exchange. The highest specific capacitance of 231 and 493 F g-1 are achieved for NiO and Co3O4 electrodes at a current density of 0.5 A g-1, respectively.
Equipment Optimization Method of Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Station Based on Queuing Theory
Authors: Qiu Guo Bing , Liu Wen Xia , Zhang Jian Hua
Published: March 2013

As an important infrastructure of electric vehicles (EVs), EV fast charging station is of great significance in the popularization and development of EVs. Through the analysis of the characteristics of EV’s arriving time and charging duration in fast charging station, the stochastic service system was introduced and the queuing system model based on queuing theory was established. By calculating the indexes of the queuing system model, the desire model was used to optimize the number of EV chargers, which could save customers’ waiting time and reduce the investment of charging station. Finally, an example was simulated and calculated with MATLAB used as a simulation tool to verify the effectiveness of this approach.
Research on Developing Countermeasures of the EV Industry in China
Authors: Zhang Huai Ge
Published: March 2013

Through the present situation research to the development of EV in China, analyzed of China's EV with a foreign related technology gap, EV development related facilities and EV marketing problems, combined with the development of our country market is actual, discussed EV technology innovation, EV infrastructure the construction and management and to improve the EV industry policy countermeasures.
Improvement of Total Regenerated Energy by Two Motors Considering Initial Speed-Ratio of CVT in Power-Train during Reducing Speed of Automotive
Authors: Itani Masahiro , Okubo Kazuya , Fujii Toru
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this study is to propose a method to improve the total energy regenerated by two motors connected with Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) in the power-train during reducing speed of automobiles, such as Electrical Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEVs). In this study, to change the regenerating condition, initial speed-ratio of the CVT was changed to change the rotation speed of the SM during reducing speed of vehicle, since regenerated energy is affected by the rotational speed of motor. In experiments and simulations, the total regenerated energy was investigated when the speed of the vehicle was reduced from 40 to 0 km/h with -1.23m/s2 of negative acceleration, while the initial speed-ratio of the CVT was changed from 0.6 to 1.4. To investigate the effect of changing the initial speed-ratio of CVT on total regenerated energy, at first, the regenerated energy was measured by a test system driven by a single motor and a CVT. The total regenerated energy by two motors was also calculated by the simulation considering properties of constitutions in the power-train. Maximum improvement of total regenerated energy by one motor was obtained when initial speed-ratio of the CVT was approximately 0.9. It was confirmed that appropriate condition of the initial speed-ratio of the CVT was existed to improve regenerated energy. Total energy which was regenerated by two motors was improved approximately 122% in maximum by determining appropriate shift condition of the CVT, compared with that of conventional power-train driven by one motor. Even when the data of regenerated energy by two motors was compared with that through gears (ig=1.0), 35.4% of improvement was obtained at the condition where the maximum improvement was obtained by two. To improve totally regenerated energy, it was more effective to set the initial speed-ratio of the CVT on the pass of speed-ratio of the CVT when the electric power was generated by two motors, compared with that by single motor.
Design and Analysis of a Photovoltaic Power System with Bi-Directional Inverter
Authors: Luo De Han , Wu Yu En , Li Qiang
Published: March 2013

This paper presents the analysis, design, and simulation of a photovoltaic power system with bi-directional inverter, which can be controlled with a single-chip microcontroller, such as dsPIC30F4011. The bi-directional inverter can fulfill grid connection and rectification with power factor correction to regulate the dc bus to a certain range of voltages. So, it will no need energy storage elements to buffer power. But the two stage series can cause high current harmonic, so a predictive current control and modulation principle for the bi-directional inverter is designed and operated in high frequency to reduce the current harmonic. Simulation and experimental results have illustrated the discussed features and significantly demonstrated its feasibility, reliability, and stability.
The Development of Intelligent Maintenance and Assessment Simulation System for Automotive Air-Conditioning
Authors: Zhao Xian Mei
Published: March 2013

The paper introduces an intelligent maintenance and assessment simulation system for automotive air-conditioning. The system mainly includes the demonstration interfaces for working principle, refrigeration system, heating and gas distribution system, control system, assembling and disassembling training and assessment interface of compressor and clutch, and breakdown maintenance etc. Finally the faults simulation set up, description and repair instruction were introduced.
Microclimate Variations with Wall Configurations for Chinese Solar Greenhouses
Authors: Xu Hui , Zhao Lan Jie , Tong Guo Hong , Cui Yi Qing , Li Tian Lai
Published: March 2013

Five greenhouses with different typical wall configurations were studied, including the hollow brick wall (HB), clay brick wall composed of mural column (MCCB), wall composed of fly ash air block brick (FAABB), clay brick wall composed of plum small hole column (PSHCCB), common clay brick wall with Styrofoam wall outside (SCB) to find out the effects of the north walls on the greenhouse microclimate. The interior temperature and RH environment, as well as the heating rate, cooling rate and the correlation with the outside temperature, were tested and compared, finding that the greenhouse with FAABB exhibits the optimal temperature and RH environment, and also the highest thermal stability. The findings may provide references for greenhouse construction and insulation measures.
Perception and Management System for Building Energy Consumption Based on Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Yu Feng Qin , Tian Bei , Zhang Xin , Wang Qiang , Yu Dan Shi , Zhao Rang
Published: March 2013

The building energy consumption is one of three in China's energy consumption, the detection and monitoring for energy consumption of building is the basis for the work of building energy efficiency. This article describes a perception, monitoring and management system of building energy consumption based on Internet of Things technology architecture, in the system, various energy instrumentation is installed inside the building and measurement all kinds of energy consumption data in the perception layer, collection daterminal data connected to the RS485 bus access gateway for data transmission via Ethernet or mobile communication network in the network layer and transport layer, deal with the statistical analysis of the energy consumption data in the application layer. The system has been successfully applied to more than 50 large-scale public building to implement energy consumption monitoring and management, and the support of the underlying data for building energy efficiency.
Exploring Conservation and Development Strategies for Architectural Heritage：A Case Study from Paris Hotel in Kaiping, Guangdong
Authors: Selia Jin Hua Tan
Published: March 2013

Since the inscription of Kaiping Diaolou and Villages on UNESCO’s World Heritage List in June 2007, a multitude of tourists have been attracted to the place. Monuments in Kaiping demon-strate rustic, idyllic beauty of naturalness and convey historical significance. Certain Western trav-ellers even regard the area as the last paradise among cultural heritage sites in China. How to pro-tect the monuments there, to guard them from structural damage or over-commercialisation as at other scenic spots within the country This is a sustained and difficult problem that needs to be tackled with by Kaiping municipal government, its heritage management as well as tourism de-partments. This article takes Paris Hotel, a building in Chikan Town of Kaiping, as an example to search for a sensible adaptive re-use scheme aiming to develop local economy while preserving cultural heritage at the same time.
The Analysis of Square Enclosure Air Layer's Heat Transfer in Building Materials
Authors: Chen Gang , Sun Ding , Cheng Xin
Published: March 2013

This paper using Fluent Software to numerical simulate the heat transfer in square enclosure cavity air layer in different thickness and heights.By analysed the simulation results, we found that the best thickness in it is 20mm .Then we respectively used empirical formula as well as simulation results to calculated the heat transfer coefficient in air layer. The results showed that both numerical were very close, the calculation of heat transfer coefficient was consistent with the simulation results obtained by the rules.
Study on the Performance of Reinforced Embankment on Mountain Slope Using Full-Scale Model Experiments
Authors: Wang Zhi Bin , Yao Liang
Published: March 2013

The full-scale model test is used to study the stability and deformation control of reinforced sloped embankments on mountain slope foundation. According to practical experience in the expressway construction in the mountain region, two full scale model experiments were carried out in laboratory. One model is reinforced by geogrid and the other is un-reinforced in the embankments. The design of the model, test data and analysis methods are emphatically introduced. During the experiments, some key test data were monitored, such as the vertical and horizonal displacements distribution of slope, the vertical displacement on the top of the embank, the internal stress and displacement distribution, the form and position of the slip curve surface in the two embankments. Comparing experiment of reinforced with un-reinforced, it shows that the lateral displacement of embankments of the former is smaller and the stability of embankments is higher than that of the latter. The model experiment results can give reference for the construction of China's western mountain highway.
Modelling of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Flow in Wastewater Management: Case Study for Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: Ali Nora Aini , Ghani Latifah , Mahmood Noor Zalina
Published: March 2013

The Material Flow Analysis (MFA) method is often discussed in terms of water resources management. This paper attempts to measure and analyze the flow of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater sources to assess the trends and patterns of strain in environmental metabolism.Comparison between nitrogen and phosphorus accumulates in wastewater shows that, P discharged values to sewer system are lower as compared to N. Kemaman dan Kuala Terengganu are the dominant region that generating high volume of P and N-wastewater discharge.The study also delved mostly into recycling level of effluent and sludge, with only 3 to 5% of both products were reuse for agriculture and economic purpose. In conclusion, MFA techniques have been proposed to help the decision-makers in waste and nutrient management planning especially on implementing policies related to water and wastewater sectors.
The Important Influences for Performance of Multiphase Flow Mixed Microbubble Generator
Authors: Li Zhe Kun , Shi Wen Li , He Wei , Fan Yu Jin
Published: March 2013

Multiphase flow mixed microbubble generator (MFMMG) is an effective generator and has many advantages, such as simple structure, easy maintain, small, high efficiency, and so on. The paper found out the important influences for performance of MFMMG and analyzed them. The experiment showed that the analysis is correct and efficient. The paper will be useful for analyzing and designing microbubble generators.
Mechanisms of High Efficiency and Stabilization of Baffled Constructed Wetland in Treatment of Domestic Sewage
Authors: Ye Chang Bing , Zhou Zhi Ming , Zhao Ke , Liu Qin
Published: March 2013

To solve the problem of short-circuit of individual current constructed wetland, a baffled constructed wetland was designed and applied to treat domestic sewage by our research group. The wetland plants were composed of Eichhormia crassipes, Oenanthe javanica, Cyperusalternifolius, Phragmites communis and Aquatic. The results of 18 month indicated that the optimal hydraulic load of baffled constructed wetland was 2.0~2.2 m3/(m2•d). At the hydraulic load of 2.0m3/(m2•d), the COD, TN and TP removal rates of baffled constructed wetland could be over 76.40%, 76.12%, 65.37%, respectively, at 24°C. When the temperature decreased to 12°C, the COD, TN, TP removal rates of system decreased to 67.56%、62.75% and 61.33%, respectively; The SS removal rate of the first 6 compartments was about 79.5% and that of system could maintain 87.18% during the operation of system. Based on the results of trial, the mechanisms of extending the baffled constructed wetland's operational life was owed to high efficient SS removal rate of the first 6 compartments which was used as constructed wetland and anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). As a result, the long-term stable operation of system in treatment of domestic sewage was explained with extending about 5 times service life than that of individual current constructed wetland. The mechanisms of higher efficiency of baffled constructed wetland in treatment of domestic sewage were owed to the longer flow line of system and the up-down flow of domestic sewage makes pollutant more intimate contact with roots of wetland plants.
Purifying Urban River Waters with Floating Bed Systems
Authors: Zhang Hua , Wang Yi , Chen Kun Bai
Published: March 2013

The remediation effects of a real urban river water body was studied using four floating bed systems, in which Caldesia parnassifolias, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Cyperus alternifolius, Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. were planted. A compared system without plant was also carried out. The results showed that all the 4 planted floating systems had obvious removal rates of TN and TP. After 7 days, both the TN and TP were removed speedily in the C. parnassifolias system and their levels were below “environmental surface water quality standards” class II, for which the concentration of TN and TP were 0.5 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L respectively. However, concentrations of TN and TP changed little in control. Further, TN and TP contents in the plants increase gradually, while TN and TP in the water reducing, because the nitrogen and phosphorus were necessary elements for plant growth. This research showed that building floating bed systems to purify water was effective. Since the effect of C. parnassifolias was significant and C. alternifolius has remarkable low temperature adaptability, they were more fitting for building the floating bed systems for urban river remediation.
Laboratory Study on the Performance of Domestic Wastewater Biofilters Made of Arundo Donax L.
Authors: Cui Jun , Wang Liang
Published: March 2013

Filter systems have the ability to remove pollutants from wastewater. However, to increase the treatment efficiency, the filter made of plants has been recommended which has been called the biofilter. The objective of this study was to examine the performance of biofilter made by Arundo donax L. on domestic wastewater treatment. In this paper, a laboratory study using vertical flow constructed wetlands planted with Arundo donax L. and without any other plants were conducted. For the biofilter planted in Arundo donax L., the removal of TN, NH4+-N and TP 89%, 93% and 98% respectively. In particular, we also got the nitrogen and phosphorus content of different parts of Arundo donax L. which was divided into root, stem and leaves. For the total nitrogen content in the plant, there is a quantitive relationship of stem<root<leaves. For the total phosphorus content, the relationship is root<stem<leaves quantitatively. Whilst, compared with the total removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, the removal via plant absorption accounts for 22% and 29% separately. The results of this research suggest that Arundo donax L. with large leaves could be used as a main plant in the domestic wastewater biofilter.
Operation Factors of Autotrophic Denitrification with Elemental Sulfur as Terminal Product
Authors: Yuan Yi , Huang Yong , Li Xiang , Wang Liang
Published: March 2013

An anaerobic membrane bioreactor (UBF) with a total capacity of 3L was employed for treatment of sulfide and nitrate containing wastewater with elemental sulfur as terminal product. The effect of HRT and pH on substrate removal and elemental sulfur accumulation was researched when S/N ratio at 2.5. The influent concentration of S2-/HS-and NO3--N were 110mg•L-1and 20mg•L-1, respectively, during autotrophic denitrification. When HRT was between 7.41h and 6.83h and pH was between 6 and 7.5, HRT and pH has no effect on NO3--N and sulfide removal ratios, and at 97% and 100%, respectively, but elemental sulfur accumulation ratio was increased to 61% with HRT shorten. And low pH (pH at 7) was conducive to elemental sulfur accumulation with the ratio up to 62%. But further to reduce the pH would lead marginal increase in elemental sulfur accumulation ratio at 65%.
Pilot Regulation to Treat PTA Wastewater
Authors: Shi Lei , Tan Xue , Mai Ya Zong
Published: March 2013

In the pilot research for treatment of the purified terephthalic acid (PTA) wastewater with the functional strain Fhhh in the carrier activated sludge process (CASP) effectively, control of the value of COD: TN: TP and the concentrations of Cu, Mn, Se and Zn were conducted to improve the manganese peroxidase (MnP) level. When the value of COD:TN:TP was 100:0.36:0.15 and the concentrations of Cu, Mn, Se and Zn were 0.54, 5.07, 0.00 and 0.08mg/L, the specific activity value of MnP reached a higher level being 689 units while the sludge loading rate was 1.09 d-1. This value of the sludge loading rate was those of 4-7fold of the other processes reported. The data suggested that improving MnP level could enhance the degradability for Fhhh. And the potentials for Fhhh in the PTA wastewater CASP will be also discussed in this paper.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Analyses of Nitrobenzene Toxicity to Paramecium caudatum
Authors: Xu Jing Bo , Jing Nan
Published: March 2013

In this study IGC50 (50% inhibitory growth concentration) values of 26 nitrobenzenes were determined for population growth endpoint of Paramecium caudatum. Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) were developed using log of the inverse of the IGC50 (logIGC50-1) in mole liter as the dependent variable and 6 molecular descriptors (logP, 1XⅤ, I, 1Ka, ∑σ- and ELUMO) as the independent variables. Through multiplicate regression analysis, one best QSAR equation was obtained. The equation was used to estimate IGC50 for 7 analogues.
A Comparative Study of Free Formaldehyde Control Technology in Wood-Based Panels
Authors: Yun Hong , Guo Qiong , Hu Chuan Shuang , Tu Deng Yun
Published: March 2013

Adopted the treatment methods of ultrasonic dispersion on nano-TiO2/Al2O3, of sustained-releasing ClO2 and of post-heating way. The results show that the reduction rate of formaldehyde emission treated by nano-TiO2/Al2O3 is 22.2%, the average reduction rate of particleboard free formaldehyde in nine days is 64.7%, and the post-heating- treatment can reduce the plywood formaldehyde by 34.5%.
Pretreatment of High Concentration Phosphorus-Containing Wastewater
Authors: Chen Ying , Sun Lu Lu , Zhang Jing Wei , Sun Nan Nan
Published: March 2013

Experimental wastewater generated in the process of preparation catalyst for the production of acrylamide, it containing a large number of sub-phosphate, sulfate. As a starting point to reduce total phosphorus concentration (TP = 2300mg/L), determine conditions to examine such as the best precipitant agent and its dosage, reaction pH, temperature and other single-factor conditions. After extensive tests confirmed, 100ml of this phosphorus-containing wastewater was adjusted to pH 8, at 30 °C, 3.0g of calcium chloride was added, reaction 180min, total phosphorus concentration can be reduced to 200mg/L or less, phosphorus removal rate can reach 91%. XRD, TG-DTA characterization analysis showed that the main component of chemical deposits were calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate crystals
Study for Influences of Forming Conditions of Carriers on Mn-Ce/TiO2 Denitration Catalyst
Authors: Geng Chun Xiang , Chai Qian Qian , Yao Wei , Liu Wen Rong
Published: March 2013

Solution of phosphoric acid was used to bond TiO2, investigating the effect of adhesive proportion, calcination time, calcination temperature in the process of the preparation. The representation of catalyst was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface detection system (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that when the drying temperature was at 106°C, calcination temperature was at 800°C and a calcination time was 4h, the catalyst carrier TiO2 was in the form of anatase structure with XRD characterization.