bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing Hybrid Neural Network Using Physical Neurons—A Case Study of Drill Bit-Rock Interaction Modeling
Authors: Zhang Zihang , Song Xingyong
Published: May 2023

Neural networks have been widely applied in system dynamics modeling. One particular type of networks, hybrid neural networks, combines a neural network model with a physical model, which can increase rate of convergence in training. However, most existing hybrid neural network methods require an explicit physical model constructed, which sometimes might not be feasible in practice or could weaken the capability of capturing complex and hidden physical phenomena. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to construct a hybrid neural network. The new method incorporates the physical information to the structure of network construction, but does not need an explicit physical model constructed. The method is then applied to modeling of bit-rock interaction in the down-hole drilling system as a case study, to demonstrate its effectiveness in modeling complex process and efficiency of convergence in training.
A Method for Robust Partial Quadratic Eigenvalue Assignment With Repeated Eigenvalues
Authors: Xie Huiqing
Published: May 2023

A new method is proposed for robust partial quadratic eigenvalue assignment problem (RPQEAP) with repeated prescribed eigenvalues. We first derive a result on the solution of partial quadratic eigenvalue assignment problem, which leads to the partial Schur form of the closed-loop system. Then by minimizing the normality departure of the partial Schur form of the closed-loop system, we assign the prescribed eigenvalues step by step such that the closed-loop system is as robust as possible. Our method allows the prescribed eigenvalues are repeated. Moreover, the proposed method does not use the unchanged eigenpairs of the open-loop system and avoids transforming the second-order control system to the first-order system. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method is efficient for solving the RPQEAP with repeated eigenvalues.
Influence of Impinging Jet Nozzle Movement on Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Flat Plate
Authors: Abo El–Wafa A. , Attalla M. , Maghrabie Hussein M. , Shmroukh Ahmed N.
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the current experimental study is to assess the influence of impinging air jet movement on the heat transfer of a fixed flat plate. The experiments are conducted with varying the nozzle velocity (Vn) from 400 to 1000 mm/min, and the Reynolds number (Re) from 8000 to 20,000 at a nozzle-to-plate distance (H/D) of 2 and 6. A comparison between a movable nozzle and a fixed nozzle based on the temperature contours and local Nusselt number is presented. Additionally, the local Nusselt number, heat transfer uniformity index, and uniformity of heat transfer are evaluated. The results demonstrate that the local Nusselt number of 24.8 has a maximum value at a Vn of 400 mm/min, a Re of 20,000, and a H/D of 2. The uniformity of heat transfer is enhanced by increasing the Vn, and its maximum value of 89.5% is maintained at a Vn of 1000 mm/min, Re of 20,000, and H/D of 6. Additionally, the heat transfer uniformity index decreases with increasing the Vn where its maximum value is 0.34 at a Vn of 400 mm/min, a Re of 8000, and a H/D of 2.
Comparative Maps of Safety Features for Fission and Fusion Reactors
Authors: Nguyen Tu , Patterson Eann A. , Taylor Richard J. , Tseng Y. S. , Waldon Chris
Published: May 2023

The differences between nuclear fission and fusion have been discussed widely in the literature. However, little has been done to investigate the key differences in safety designs and regulatory requirements between the nuclear reactor types. In this study, an innovative methodology was successfully developed to map nuclear safety features to the fundamental safety principles set out by the nuclear regulators. Three safety cases were assessed in the mapping study, a research fusion reactor (Joint European Torus), a research fission reactor (Tsing Hua Open-pool Reactor) and a commercial fission reactor (Hinkley Point C). The graphical representation allowed a comparative analysis of the safety features and fundamental principles which revealed differences between the hazard profiles of fission and fusion reactors and provided important insights for the creation of a similar map for a future commercial fusion device.
Fabrication Aspects and Performance Characterization of α-Al2O3/AlPO4 Based Sandwich Configuration Flow Channel Inserts and Coatings for High Temperature Liquid Metal Applications
Authors: Saraswat Abhishek , Bhattacharyay Rajendraprasad , Chaudhuri Paritosh , Gedupudi Sateesh
Published: May 2023

Liquid metals (LMs) exhibit several key characteristics justifying their utilization as coolants and breeders for nuclear fusion reactors and advanced fission reactors. In fusion reactors, the LMs confront an exorbitantly high flow retarding force, due to the magneto-hydro-dynamics (MHD) effect, imposing significant demands on the pumping power and designs of ancillary coolant systems. Corrosion of structural materials leading to activated corrosion products and coolant chemistry control are some of the vital issues common to both fusion and fission reactors employing liquid lead (Pb) and its alloys. To address these concerns, different technological solutions such as flow channel inserts (FCIs) and high temperature compatible corrosion resistant coatings are being investigated to provide a chemical and/or electrical isolation between the LM and structural material for advanced reactors. In this study, three different prototype geometries (circular, square, and 90 deg bend) of steel-insulator-steel sandwich FCIs are fabricated for fusion reactor applications and an extensive characterization of the electrical insulation is performed over an operating temperature range of 100 °C–600 °C. Welding trials and pneumatic pressure tests up to 10 kg/cm2 (g) are performed on the assemblies to validate the electrical and mechanical integrity over typical fusion reactor operational regime. This paper presents detailed fabrication aspects along with quantitative estimations of insulation filling density, electrical insulation performance and, for the first time, a detailed systematic study of insulation degradation resulting from the combined effects of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, exposure to pressure and machining operations on these FCIs. The paper also provides critical details derived from the metallurgical examinations and visual observations from the destructive tests executed on the prototypes. Further, from an implementation perspective toward Lead-cooled Fast Reactors (LFRs), a preliminary feasibility assessment of the α-Al2O3/AlPO4 coating is performed through thin film deposition trials on planar and non-planar substrates followed by mechanical characterizations, such as coating thickness, surface roughness, adhesion strength and microhardness. Metallurgical analyses are presented and discussed to assess Pb ingress after 700 h of continuous exposure to molten Pb alloy at 300 °C–400 °C.
Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Affinity Law of Single-Stage and Multistage Side Channel Pumps at Variable Rotating Speeds
Authors: Chen Ke , Zhang Fan , Liu Runshi , Adu-Pokua Kofi Asamoah , Yuan Shouqi , Hong Qiuhong
Published: May 2023

In the actual operation of pumps, regulating the rotating speed of the pump based on the affinity law through variable speed drives is deemed as a prudent and convenient approach to mitigate energy loss. However, the multistage side channel pump is composed of one centrifugal impeller at the first stage and one or more side channel structures, the applicability of affinity law to this composite structure has not been confirmed. Three schemes with different suction angles of single-stage and one multistage side channel pump were investigated under different rotating speeds through numerical and experimental analysis. The findings elucidated that the single-stage side channel pumps exhibit a proportionate relationship to the affinity law, regardless of how the geometry varies. The numerical work was validated by the comparison between the simulated result and the tested result of the multistage side channel pump under two rotating speeds. Noticeably, the entire performance of the multistage side channel pump conforms to the affinity law, which has the same phenomenon as the single-stage side channel pump. The entropy production causing dissipation of turbulence flows in each stage exhibits a similar tendency as the overall head. As a result, the vortex distribution in average time and transient moment are almost analogous in the impeller of each stage under corresponding flow points. This briefly explains composite structures could be considered as pumps in series regardless of their composition. The outcome of this research could offer a theoretical basis for energy-saving methods of side channel pumps.
Social Media and Athlete Welfare
Authors: Kavanagh Emma J. , Litchfield Chelsea , Osborne Jaquelyn
Published: May 2023

While the topic of athlete welfare has gained significant attention in academic literature, to date there has been a primacy placed on physical settings and their ability to augment or thwart the welfare of athletes. The discourse has, therefore, neglected the advent of social media spaces and their potential to have a significant impact on athlete welfare. Social media platforms are now a vital component in the lives of athletes who are increasingly reliant on maintaining an online presence and following. In this commentary, we consider the scope of social media and its potential impact on the welfare of athletes, particularly female athletes. In doing so, we identify and discuss some of the positive health and well-being outcomes associated with increased online communication and self-representation in social media spaces. We examine the scholarship concerning the threats posed by social media spaces, consider power in virtual environments and its impact on welfare, and finally suggest some future directions for scholarship in this field.
Node importance measurement method based on multi-attribute fusion
Authors: Zhang Ruoxi , Liang Zongwen , Wang Tingting
Published: May 2023

Finding important nodes in complex networks is an important topic. However, the location information obtained by many previous studies is not sufficient and effective, and the types of attributes applied also have limitations. Based on K-shell and gravity model, this paper proposes a node importance measurement method based on multi-attribute fusion. In this method, the objective, comprehensive evaluation of multiple attributes is obtained by the entropy weight method. Experiments on real networks show that the proposed algorithm can effectively measure the importance of nodes.
Solving Nonlinear Elliptic PDEs in 2D and 3D Using Polyharmonic Splines and Low-Degree of Polynomials
Authors: Rubasinghe Kalani , Yao Guangming , Li Wen , Tsogtgerel Gantumur
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the improved localized method of approximated particular solutions (ILMAPS) using polyharmonic splines (PHS) together with a low-degree of polynomial basis is used to approximate solutions of various nonlinear elliptic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The method is completely meshfree, and it uses a radial basis function (RBF) that has no shape parameters. The discretization process is done through a simple collocation technique on a set of points in the local domain of influence. Resulted system of nonlinear algebraic equations is solved by the Picard method.

The performance of the proposed method is tested on various nonlinear elliptical problems, including the Poisson-type problems in 2D and 3D with constant or variable coefficients on rectangular or irregular domains and the Poisson–Boltzmann equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions or mixed boundary conditions. The effect of domain shapes in 2D and 3D, types of boundary conditions, and degrees of PHS, and order of polynomial basis are examined. The performance of the method is compared with other bases such as multiquadrics (MQ) basis functions, and with results reported in the literature (method of particular solutions using polynomials). The numerical experiments suggest that ILMAPS with polyharmonic splines yields considerably superior accuracy than other RBFs as well as other approaches reported in the literature for solving nonlinear elliptic PDEs.
Accelerating Convolutional Neural Network by Exploiting Sparsity on GPUs
Authors: Xu Weizhi , Sun Yintai , Fan Shengyu , Yu Hui , Fu Xin
Published: May 2023

The convolutional neural network (CNN) is an important deep learning method, which is widely used in many fields. However, it is very time consuming to implement the CNN where convolution usually takes most of the time. There are many zero values in feature maps and filters, which leads to redundant calculations and memory accesses if dense methods are used to compute convolution. Many works recently have made use of sparsity to skip the calculations for zero values to reduce the inference time of the CNN. On the graphics processing unit platform, current works cannot fully exploit the sparsity of the feature map and achieve satisfactory performance. Therefore, we design a new parallel strategy to transform the feature map into a new storage format to avoid the redundant computation of zero values on graphics processing units. Also considering the sparsity in the feature map, we propose a fused storage format to combine the convolution operation with the following pooling operation, to further improve the performance. We carry out experiments with mainstream CNN models and achieve better performance compared with cuDNN and cuSPARSE. For VGG-19, ResNet-50, DenseNet-121, and RegNetX-16GF, 1.97×, 2.23×, 2.74×, and 1.58× speedups respectively are obtained over cuDNN. The speedups over cuSPARSE respectively are 2.10×, 1.83×, 2.35×, and 1.35× when only using the first method.
Deep Ensemble Network for Sentiment Analysis in Bi-lingual Low-resource Languages
Authors: Roy Pradeep Kumar
Published: May 2023

Sentiment analysis (SA) is the systematic identification, extraction, quantification, and study of affective states and subjective information using natural language processing. It is widely used for analyzing users’ feedback, such as reviews or social posts. Recently, SA has been one of the favorite research domains in NLP due to their wide range of applications, including E-commerce, healthcare, hotel business, and others. Many machine learning and deep learning-based models exist to predict the sentiment of the user’s post. However, the sentiment analysis in low-resource languages such as Kannada, Malayalam, Telugu, and Tamil received less attention due to language complexity and the low availability of required resources. This research fills the gap by proposing an ensemble model for predicting the sentiment of code-mixed Kannada and Malayalam languages. The ensemble of transformer-based models achieved a promising weighted
F
1
-score of 0.66 for Kannada code-mixed language. In contrast, the ensemble model of the deep learning framework performed best by achieving a weighted
F
1
-score of 0.72 for the Malayalam dataset, outperforming existing research.
Robust Hashing via Global and Local Invariant Features for Image Copy Detection
Authors: Liang Xiaoping , Tang Zhenjun , Li Zhixin , Yu Mengzhu , Zhang Hanyun , Zhang Xianquan
Published: May 2023

Robust hashing is a powerful technique for processing large-scale images. Currently, many reported image hashing schemes do not perform well in balancing the performances of discrimination and robustness, and thus they cannot efficiently detect image copies, especially the image copies with multiple distortions. To address this, we exploit global and local invariant features to develop a novel robust hashing for image copy detection. A critical contribution is the global feature calculation by gray level co-occurrence moment learned from the saliency map determined by the phase spectrum of quaternion Fourier transform, which can significantly enhance discrimination without reducing robustness. Another essential contribution is the local invariant feature computation via Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) and vector distances. As KPCA can maintain the geometric relationships within image, the local invariant features learned with KPCA and vector distances can guarantee discrimination and compactness. Moreover, the global and local invariant features are encrypted to ensure security. Finally, the hash is produced via the ordinal measures of the encrypted features for making a short length of hash. Numerous experiments are conducted to show efficiency of our scheme. Compared with some well-known hashing schemes, our scheme demonstrates a preferable classification performance of discrimination and robustness. The experiments of detecting image copies with multiple distortions are tested and the results illustrate the effectiveness of our scheme.
Based on Network Pharmacology-Quercetin, a Component of Fuzheng Yiliu Decoction Suppressed Prostate Cancer by Regulating PI3K/AKT Pathway
Authors: Fu Wei , Xu Lei , Chen Yingwen , Lin Xuyao , Hao Gaoli , Li Chenxi , Li Hongying , Zhang Zezheng , Chen Shuchao , You Xujun , Li Qixin
Published: May 2023

Background. Fuzheng Yiliu decoction (FZYLD) was a traditional prescription with an antitumor effect. We aimed to explore the antitumor effect of FZYLD and its active ingredient, quercetin, on prostate cancer (PCa). Methods. The effective components and potential targets of FZYLD were obtained from the TCMSP, Herb, and Batman databases. The relationship between the active compounds of FZYLD and PCa’s potential targets or pathways was analyzed by Cytoscape 3.8.0 software and the String database. The compound composition of FZYLD was detected by HPLC. The effects of quercetin, with the most effective active ingredient of FZYLD, on PC-3 cell growth, metastasis, and PI3K/AKT pathway were seen by CCK-8 Kit, transwell experiment, TUNEL assay, nude mouse tumorigenesis test, and Western blot analysis. Results. Through network pharmacological analysis, we screened 195 effective active components of FZYLD, covering 290 targets, of which 198 were related to PCa. Quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, anhydroicaritin, and 7-O-methylismucronulatol were important active compounds. MAPK1, AKT1, MAPK3, STAT3, and Jun were common targets of PCa and FZYLD. Our in vivo and in vitro experimental results confirmed that quercetin inhibited PCa’s growth, cell migration, and the PI3K/AKT pathway and promoted cell apoptosis. Conclusions. As predicted by the network pharmacological strategy and verified by the basic experimental results, FZYLD might play an antitumor role through multiple components, targets, and pathways. These results provide a new basis for developing and applying FZYLD and its compound quercetin.
Melatonin Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Spermatogenesis Disorder by Reducing Pyroptosis
Authors: Song Zhan , Wang Jiahui , Zhu Peng , Wang Zhixin , Liu Xuexia , Liu Fujun
Published: May 2023

As a chemotherapeutic drug, cyclophosphamide (CP) has a negative impact on male fertility due to its reproductive toxicity. Melatonin (Mel) promotes the male reproductive system and increases testosterone synthesis. This study is aimed at exploring the molecular mechanism of Mel as a protector of male fertility against CP-induced cytotoxicity. A CP toxicity model was established in adult ICR male mice by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg CP every other day for a week. Protective effects of Mel on the testis from CP-induced damage were evaluated using four groups of ICR male mice that received intraperitoneal injections of normal saline, 100 mg/kg CP, 10 mg/kg Mel, or the same dosage of CP and Mel, respectively. Testis morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Sperm quality parameters were evaluated, and sperm function was studied by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Proliferation, meiosis, and pyroptosis markers were examined by western blot. Results showed that CP treatment induced testis toxicity in a time-dependent manner with the most severe damage to the testis at two weeks post CP treatment. CP-treated mice showed reduced testicular weight and impaired spermatogenesis by downregulating PCNA and SYCP3, reduced serum testosterone levels, decreased sperm counts and motility, increased seminiferous tubule vacuolization, and oxidative damage to spermatogenic cells. All these effects, apart from testicular weight, could be ameliorated by Mel administration. The IVF experiment revealed that CP treatment reduced the rates of sperm fertilization and blastocyst development, which were also enhanced by Mel. Mel-treated mice also showed increased expression of proliferation-associated protein PCNA and meiosis-associated proteins REC8, STRA8, and SYCP3, which were all reduced by CP. Furthermore, Mel inhibited the pyroptosis of spermatogenic cells by reducing GSDMD and IL18 expression. In conclusion, this study indicated that Mel might protect the testis from CP-induced DNA damage to germ cells through the alleviation of pyroptosis.
Rutin and Hesperidin Revoke the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Paclitaxel in Male Wistar Rats via Their Antioxidant, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Activities
Authors: Ali Yasmine A. , Soliman Hanan A. , Abdel-Gabbar Mohamed , Ahmed Noha A. , Attia Kandil A. A. , Shalaby Fatma M. , El-Nahass El-Shaymaa , Ahmed Osama M.
Published: May 2023

Paclitaxel, one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs, is used to treat various cancers but it is exceedingly toxic when used long‐term and can harm the liver. This study aimed to see if rutin, hesperidin, and their combination could protect male Wistar rats against paclitaxel (Taxol)‐induced hepatotoxicity. Adult male Wistar rats were subdivided into 5 groups (each of six rats). The normal group was orally given the equivalent volume of vehicles for 6 weeks. The paclitaxel‐administered control group received intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel at a dose of 2 mg/Kg body weight twice a week for 6 weeks. Treated paclitaxel‐administered groups were given paclitaxel similar to the paclitaxel‐administered control group together with oral supplementation of rutin, hesperidin, and their combination at a dose of 10 mg/Kg body weight every other day for 6 weeks. The treatment of paclitaxel‐administered rats with rutin and hesperidin significantly reduced paclitaxel‐induced increases in serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma‐glutamyl transferase activities as well as total bilirubin level and liver lipid peroxidation. However, the levels of serum albumin, liver glutathione content, and the activities of liver superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased. Furthermore, paclitaxel‐induced harmful hepatic histological changes (central vein and portal area blood vessel congestion, fatty changes, and moderate necrotic changes with focal nuclear pyknosis, focal mononuclear infiltration, and Kupffer cell proliferation) were remarkably enhanced by rutin and hesperidin treatments. Moreover, the elevated hepatic proapoptotic mediator (caspase‐3) and pro‐inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor‐α) expressions were decreased by the three treatments in paclitaxel‐administered rats. The cotreatment with rutin and hesperidin was the most effective in restoring the majority of liver function and histological integrity. Therefore, rutin, hesperidin, and their combination may exert hepatic protective effects in paclitaxel‐administered rats by improving antioxidant defenses and inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.
Sehgal-Guseman-Type Fixed Point Theorems in Rectangular
b
-Metric Spaces and Solvability of Nonlinear Integral Equation
Authors: Guan Hongyan , Lang Chen , Hao Yan
Published: May 2023

Firstly, the concept of a new triangular

α

-orbital admissible condition is introduced, and two fixed point theorems for Sehgal-Guseman-type mappings are investigated in the framework of rectangular

b

-metric spaces. Secondly, some examples are presented to illustrate the availability of our results. At the same time, we furnished the existence and uniqueness of solution of an integral equation.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Properties, and Antioxidant Activities of Silver-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Bensalah Donia , Gurbuz Nevin , Özdemir Ismail , Gatri Rafik , Mansour Lamjed , Hamdi Naceur
Published: May 2023

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has become a major handicap in the fight against bacterial infections, prompting researchers to develop new, more effective, and multimodal alternatives. Silver and its complexes have long been used as antimicrobial agents in medicine because of their lack of resistance to silver, their low potency at low concentrations, and their low toxicity compared to most commonly used antibiotics. N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are widely used for coordination of transition metals, mainly in catalytic chemistry. In this study, several N-alkylated benzimidazolium salts 2a–j were synthesized. Then, the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursor was treated with Ag2O to give silver (I) NHC complexes (3a–j) at room temperature in dichloromethane for 48 h. Ten new silver-NHC complexes were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis, and LC-MSMS (for complexes) techniques. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of salt 2 and its silver complex 3 were evaluated. All of these complexes were more effective against bacterial strains than comparable ligands. With MIC values ranging from 6.25 to 100 g/ml, the Ag-NHC complex effectively showed strong antibacterial activity. Antioxidant activity was also tested using conventional techniques, such as 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. In DPPH and ABTS experiments, compounds 3a, 3b, 3c, 3e, 3g, and 3i showed significant clearance.
1,25‐Dihydroxy Vitamin D3 Facilitates the M2 Polarization and β‐Amyloid Uptake by Human Microglia in a TREM2‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Thu Vo Thuy Anh , Hoang Thi Xoan , Kim Jae Young
Published: May 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dementia as the primary clinical symptom. The production and accumulation of aggregated β‐amyloid (Aβ) in patient brain tissues is one of the hallmarks of AD pathogenesis. Microglia, brain‐resident macrophages, produce inflammatory cytokines in response to Aβ oligomers or fibrils exacerbating Aβ pathology in AD. HMO6 cells were treated with Aβ42 in the presence or absence of 1,25‐dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) to determine its potential immunomodulatory effects, and the expression of pro‐/anti‐inflammatory cytokines, M1/M2‐associated markers, Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) was examined. 1,25(OH)2D3 was found to suppress Aβ‐induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6), M1 markers (CD86 and iNOS), and TLR2/4, whilst increasing the expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐10, and CCL17) and M2 markers (CD206 and Arg‐1). Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2D3 promoted TREM2 expression and Aβ uptake by HMO6 cells, and the enhancement of Aβ uptake and M2 polarization was revealed to be TREM2‐dependent. The findings of this study suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 facilitates M2 polarization and Aβ uptake in a TREM2‐dependent manner.
Metamodel-Based Optimization Method for Traffic Network Signal Design under Stochastic Demand
Authors: Huang Wei , Zhang Xuanyu , Cheng Haofan , Xie Jiemin
Published: May 2023

Traffic network design problems (NDPs) play an important role in urban planning. Since there exist uncertainties in the real urban traffic network, neglecting the uncertainty factors may lead to unreasonable decisions. This paper considers the transportation network signal design problem under stochastic origin-destination (OD) demand. In general, solving this stochastic problem requires a large amount of computational budget to calculate the equilibrium flow corresponding to a certain demand distribution, which limits its real applications. To reduce the computational time in calculating the equilibrium flow under stochastic demand, this paper proposes a metamodel-based optimization method. First, a combined metamodel that integrates a physical modeling part and a model bias generic part is developed. The metamodel is used to approximate the time-consuming average equilibrium flow solution process, hence to improve the computational efficiency. To further improve the convergence and the solution optimality performance of the metamodel-based optimization, the gradient information of traffic flow with respect to the signal plan is incorporated in the optimization model. A gradient-based metamodel algorithm is then proposed. In the numerical example, a six-node test network is used to examine the proposed metamodel-based optimization method. The proposed combined metamodel is compared with the benchmark method to investigate the importance of incorporating a model bias generic part and the traffic flow gradient information in the combined metamodel. Although there is a reduction in solution optimality since the metamodel is an approximation of the original model, the metamodel methods greatly improve the computational efficiency (the computational time is reduced by 4.84 to 13.47 times in the cases of different initial points). By incorporating the model bias, the combined metamodel can better approximate the original optimal solution. Moreover, incorporating the gradient information of the traffic flow in the optimization search algorithm can further improve the solution performance. Numerical results show that the gradient-based metamodel method can effectively improve the computation efficiency while slightly reducing the solution optimality (with an increase of 0.09% in the expected total travel cost).
Assessing Variation in the Individual-Level Impacts of a Multihost Pathogen
Authors: Lewin Zachary M. , Astorga Francisca , Escobar Luis E. , Carver Scott
Published: May 2023

Most pathogens infect more than one host species, and given infection, the individual-level impact they have varies among host species. Nevertheless, variation in individual-level impacts of infection remains poorly characterised. Using the impactful and host-generalist ectoparasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei (causing sarcoptic mange), we assessed individual-level variation in pathogen impacts by (1) compiling all documented individual-level impacts of S. scabiei across free-living host species, (2) quantifying and ranking S. scabiei impacts among host species, and (3) evaluating factors associated with S. scabiei impacts. We compiled individual-level impacts of S. scabiei infection from 77 host species, spanning 31 different impacts, and totalling 683 individual-level impact descriptions. The most common impacts were those affecting the skin, alopecia (130 descriptions), and hyperkeratosis coverage (106). From these impacts, a standardised metric was generated for each species (average impact score (AIS) with a 0-1 range), as a proxy of pathogen virulence allowing quantitative comparison of S. scabiei impacts among host species while accounting for the variation in the number and types of impacts assessed. The Japanese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes viverrinus) was found to be the most impacted host (AIS 0.899). We applied species inclusion criteria for ranking and found more well-studied species tended to be those impacted more by S. scabiei (26/27 species AIS < 0.5). AIS had relatively weak relationships with predictor variables (methodological, phylogenetic, and geographic). There was a tendency for Diprotodontia, Artiodactyla, and Carnivora to be the most impacted taxa and for research to be focussed in developed regions of the world. This study is the first quantitative assessment of individual-level pathogen impacts of a multihost parasite. The proposed methodology can be applied to other multihost pathogens of public health, animal welfare, and conservation concern and enables further research to address likely causes of variation in pathogen virulence among host species.
Stochastic Bat Optimization Model for Secured WSN with Energy‐Aware Quantized Indexive Clustering
Authors: Paruvathavardhini J. , Sargunam B.
Published: May 2023

The wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with dynamic topology communication among the sensor nodes is vulnerable to numerous attacks. As they have limited power, there arises a conflict between the complex security scheme and the consumption of energy which are inversely proportional to each other. Hence, a trade‐off should be accomplished between the implemented scheme and energy. A novel secure and energy‐aware routing technique quantized indexive energy‐aware clustering‐based combinatorial stochastic sampled bat optimization (QIEAC‐CSSBO) is proposed which consists of clustering, optimal route path identification, and route maintenance. The clustering process and selection of cluster head (CH) with high residual energy is done using the quantized Schutz indexive Linde–Buzo–Gray algorithm (QIEAC). Optimal route identification is done using CSSBO (combinatorial stochastic sampled Prevosti’s bat optimization), and fitness of every bat is measured on combinatorial functions, namely, distance, energy, trust, and link stability among nodes. Stochastic universal sampling selection procedure is applied to select the global best optimal path for secure data transmission. Lastly, route maintenance process is performed to identify alternative route while link failure occurs among nodes. Experimental assessment is performed using various performance metrics, namely, energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, packet drop rate, throughput, and delay. The proposed method QIEAC‐CSSBO enhances the performance of packet delivery ratio by 4%, throughput by 26%, and packet drop rate by 27% and reduces energy consumption by 11%, as well as delay by 16% as compared to existing techniques.
TMEM33 as a Prognostic Biomarker of Cervical Cancer and Its Correlation with Immune Infiltration
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Jun , Yang Ji , He Qingwen , Guan Sanli , Qiao Minxia , Zhao Jian , Wang Xiu
Published: May 2023

In women all over the world, cervical cancer (CC) ranks as the fourth most common form of cancer to be diagnosed. It was previously reported that transmembrane protein 33(TMEM33) could report a poor prognosis in several cancers. The current study is aimed at investigating the potential prognostic value of TMEM33 and its relevance to the tumor microenvironment in CC in a comprehensive manner. In this study, CC specimens presented noticeably higher TMEM33 expression level in comparison to nontumor specimens. In pan-cancer assays, it was found that TMEM33 was present at a high level in many different kinds of tumors. We found that patients with CC patients who had a high TMEM33 expression presented worse overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) relative to patients who had a low TMEM33 expression. According to the results of a multivariate analysis, a high level of TMEM33 expression can significantly and independently predict the prognosis of CC. The levels of TMEM33 were found to have a negative correlation with resting dendritic cells, resting mast cells, plasma cells, T cells CD8, T cells regulatory, and regulatory T cells. Finally, we confirmed that TMEM33 was overexpressed in CC cells, and its knockdown distinctly suppressed the proliferation and invasion of CC cells. Overall, we provided evidences that TMEM33 could be used as a potential biomarker to assess the prognosis and the level of immune infiltration in CC.
Some Notes of Homogeneous Besov–Lorentz Spaces
Authors: Lou Zhenzhen
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we consider some properties of homogeneous Besov–Lorentz spaces. First, we get some relationship between

B
˙

p

0

s
,
q

,

B
˙

p

1

s
,
q

θ
,
r

and Besov–Lorentz spaces, and then, we obtain the scaling property of

B
˙

p
,
r

s
,
q

and

F
˙

p
,
r

s
,
q

.
Reactive Message Passing for Scalable Bayesian Inference
Authors: Bagaev Dmitry , de Vries Bert
Published: May 2023

We introduce reactive message passing (RMP) as a framework for executing schedule-free, scalable, and, potentially, more robust message passing-based inference in a factor graph representation of a probabilistic model. RMP is based on the reactive programming style, which only describes how nodes in a factor graph react to changes in connected nodes. We recognize reactive programming as the suitable programming abstraction for message passing-based methods that improve robustness, scalability, and execution time of the inference procedure and are useful for all future implementations of message passing methods. We also present our own implementation ReactiveMP.jl, which is a Julia package for realizing RMP through minimization of a constrained Bethe free energy. By user-defined specification of local form and factorization constraints on the variational posterior distribution, ReactiveMP.jl executes hybrid message passing algorithms including belief propagation, variational message passing, expectation propagation, and expectation maximization update rules. Experimental results demonstrate the great performance of our RMP implementation compared to other Julia packages for Bayesian inference across a range of probabilistic models. In particular, we show that the RMP framework is capable of performing Bayesian inference for large-scale probabilistic state-space models with hundreds of thousands of random variables on a standard laptop computer.
SETD4 Confers Cancer Stem Cell Chemoresistance in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients via the Epigenetic Regulation of Cellular Quiescence
Authors: Wang Yuehong , Yu Yuman , Yang Weijun , Wu Linying , Yang Yaoshun , Lu Qianyun , Zhou Jianying
Published: May 2023

Increasing evidence indicates that quiescent cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a root cause of chemoresistance. SET domain-containing protein 4 (SETD4) epigenetically regulates cell quiescence in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), and SETD4-positive BCSCs are chemoradioresistant. However, the role of SETD4 in chemoresistance, tumor progression, and prognosis in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is unclear. Here, SETD4-positive cells were identified as quiescent lung cancer stem cells (qLCSCs) since they expressed high levels of ALDH1 and CD133 and low levels of Ki67. SETD4 expression was significantly higher in advanced-stage NSCLC tissues than in early-stage NSCLC tissues and significantly higher in samples from the chemoresistant group than in those from the chemosensitive group. Patients with high SETD4 expression had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) times than those with low SETD4 expression. SETD4 facilitated heterochromatin formation via H4K20me3, thereby leading to cell quiescence. RNA-seq analysis showed upregulation of genes involved in cell proliferation, glucose metabolism, and PI3K-AKT signaling in activated qLCSCs (A-qLCSCs) compared with qLCSCs. In addition, SETD4 overexpression facilitated PTEN-mediated inhibition of the PI3K-mTOR pathway. In summary, SETD4 confers chemoresistance, tumor progression, and a poor prognosis by regulating CSCs in NSCLC patients.
Once Again about the Apocryphal Prayer “7 Angels and 7 Archangels Walked...” in the Vernacular Slavonic Written Tradition
Authors: Todorova Ekaterina
Published: May 2023

The article examines an unpublished apocryphal prayer against “nezhit” and traces the tradition of its origin in South Slavic medieval literature. The prayer begins “7 angels and 7 archangels walked, 7 candles carried, 7 knives sharpened …”. The “nezhit” disease is, generally speaking, a severe headache, which, according to Christian beliefs, develops into an obscure disease associated with the possession of demonic powers. In the apocryphal prayer, there is a repeated semantic dominance of the number 7, aimed at sacralization and an additional guarantee of success in the battle with diseases, since the number 7 is sacred both in pagan beliefs and in Christianity.
Chrysostom and Generation Z: Resilience, Identiy, and Social Justice
Authors: Maddox Tanita Tualla
Published: May 2023

Generation Z (Gen Z) comprises current adolescent culture, bringing with them a generational worldview lens for topics such as: suffering, success, identify formation, and social justice. Gen Z values safety, has a heart for the outcasted, and is forming identity around successes and accomplishments. This article seeks to ground Gen Z with a piece of historical Christian faith and teaching, applying the fourth-century teachings of John Chrysostom to today’s Gen Z. Much like Chrysostom’s audience, Gen Z views suffering and hardship as punitive and to be avoided. Chrysostom’s teaching provides a fuller understanding of suffering, equipping his audience, and today’s Gen Z, with a mode for building resilience through thanksgiving. Chrysostom taught on the importance of charity, which allows Gen Z to engage their generational values for tolerance and acceptance in the Kingdom of God.
A Formal Foundation for Comparative Study of the Late Persianate
Authors: Thompson Levi
Published: May 2023

This article addresses poetic form as a foundation bridging the literary contexts of Arabic and Persian that exists beyond the bounds of Euro-American influence. We find the originally Arabic science of ʿarūḍ, prosody, used in these two contexts to retool premodern poetic form for the modern era. Questions of form encourage us to think about how modernist poets writing in Persian and Arabic approach their poetry as a craft that emerges not out of engagements with Western literature but rather from a shared poetic past. By tracing formal links across Arabic and Persian, this article argues that paying attention to the premodern tradition of prosodic science they share helps us both to understand the early development of modernist poetry in each language and to avoid explanations informed mostly by literary critical frameworks used to study Western literatures.
Evaluation of Hematological Parameters After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Karahan Mehmet Zülküf , Aktan Adem , Güzel Tuncay , Kılıç Raif , Günlü Serhat , Demir Muhammed , Ertaş Faruk
Published: May 2023

Although transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is safe and effective, mortality and bleeding events post procedure are important. The present study investigated the changes in hematologic parameters to evaluate whether they predict mortality or major bleeding. We enrolled 248 consecutive patients (44.8% male; mean age 79.0 ± 6.4 years) undergoing TAVR. In addition to demographic and clinical examination, blood parameters were recorded before TAVR, at discharge, 1 month and 1 year. Hemoglobin levels before TAVR 12.1 ± 1.8 g/dL, 10.8 ± 1.7 g/dL at discharge, 11.7 ± 1.7 g/dL at first month, 11.8 ± 1.4 g/dL at first year (Hemoglobin values compared with pre-TAVR, P < .001, P = .019, P = .047, respectively). Mean platelet volume (MPV) before TAVR 8.72 ± 1.71 fL, 8.16 ± 1.46 fL at discharge, 8.09 ± 1.44 fL at first month, 7.94 ± 1.18 fL at first year (MPV values compared with pre-TAVR, P < .001, P < .001, P < .001, respectively). Other hematologic parameters were also evaluated. Hemoglobin, platelet count, MPV, and red cell distribution width before the procedure, at discharge, and at the first year did not predict mortality and major bleeding in receiver operating characteristic analysis. After multivariate Cox regression analysis, hematologic parameters were not independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, major bleeding, and death at 1 year after TAVR.
Debilitating Gentamicin Ototoxicity: Case Report and Recommendations Against Routine Use in Surgical Prophylaxis
Authors: Kalmanson Olivia A. , McLoughlin Kaitlin C. , Kiser Tyree H. , Gubbels Samuel P.
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin are bactericidal and effective against gram negative organisms and act synergistically against gram positive organisms, including S taphylococcus aureus. However, they have serious adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin ototoxicity may occur after a single dose and results in decreased vestibular function, which is frequently debilitating and often permanent.

Objective:

To emphasize the risk of gentamicin ototoxicity and suggest alternative antibiotics in penicillin-allergic patients undergoing surgery.

Case Summary:

We present a case of a woman with preexisting Meniere’s Disease who received gentamicin 400 mg perioperatively for a sigmoidectomy due to a penicillin allergy listed in the patient’s medical record. The patient developed severe ototoxicity preventing her from working or driving. Physical examination was remarkable for a broad-based gait requiring assistance to walk and bilateral corrective saccades. Vestibular testing revealed high-grade bilateral vestibular loss associated with all semicircular canals, a considerable decline compared to her function 3 years prior.

Discussion:

Gentamicin is indicated for surgical prophylaxis when a patient has a true allergy to penicillins and cannot receive cephalosporins, though alternatives exist. True allergies include IgE-mediated illness (anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, or urticaria 30-60 minutes after administration) or exfoliative reactions (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis). The authors encourage more prudent use of gentamicin, especially in patients susceptible for debilitating otologic insults, and offer recommendations for alternative agents prior to using gentamicin.
Childhood trauma is prevalent and associated with co-occurring depression, anxiety, mania and psychosis in young people attending Australian youth mental health services
Authors: Bendall Sarah , Eastwood Oliver , Spelman Tim , McGorry Patrick , Hickie Ian , Yung Alison R , Amminger Paul , Wood Stephen J , Pantelis Christos , Purcell Rosemary , Phillips Lisa
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

Childhood trauma is common and associated with mental ill health. While high rates of trauma are observed across individual disorders, there is evidence that trauma is associated with an admixture of affective, anxiety and psychotic symptoms in adults. Given that early onset of mental disorder and trauma exposure herald poor outcomes, it is important to examine trauma prevalence rates in youth mental health services and to determine whether this trauma-related clustering is present in help-seeking young people.

Methods:

We used data from the Transitions Study, a longitudinal investigation of young people attending headspace youth mental health services in Australia between January 2011 and August 2012. Participants were 775 young people aged 12–25. Childhood trauma was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Multinomial regression was used to assess whether reported childhood trauma was more strongly associated with the co-occurrence of depression, anxiety, mania and psychosis symptoms than with any one in isolation.

Results:

Approximately 84% of participants reported some form of abuse (emotional: 68%; physical: 32%; sexual: 22%) or neglect (emotional: 65%; physical: 46%). Exposure to multiple trauma types was common. Childhood trauma was significantly associated with each symptom domain. More severe childhood trauma was more strongly associated with the co-occurrence of symptoms than with any one symptom domain in isolation, such that more severely trauma-exposed young people were more likely to experience increased symptom clustering.

Conclusions:

Childhood trauma is pervasive in youth mental health services and associated with a symptom profile that cuts across traditional diagnostic boundaries.