bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enlarged Asymmetry of Tropical Pacific Rainfall Anomalies Induced by El Niño and La Niña under Global Warming
Authors: Huang Ping , Chen Dong
Published: November 2016

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most important sources of climate interannual variability. A prominent characteristic of ENSO is the asymmetric, or so-called nonlinear, local rainfall response to El Niño (EN) and La Niña (LN), in which the maximum rainfall anomalies during EN are located farther east than those during LN. In this study, the changes in rainfall anomalies during EN and LN are examined based on the multimodel ensemble mean results of 32 CMIP5 models under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario. It is found that robust EN–LN asymmetric changes in rainfall anomalies exist. The rainfall anomalies during EN and LN both shift eastward and intensify under global warming, but the eastward shift during EN is farther east than that during LN. A simplified moisture budget decomposition method is applied to study the mechanism of the asymmetric response. The results show that the robust increase in mean-state moisture can enlarge the EN–LN asymmetry of the rainfall anomalies, and the spatial relative changes in mean-state SST with an El Niño–like pattern can shift the rainfall anomalies farther east during EN than during LN, enlarging the difference in the zonal locations of the rainfall response to EN and LN. The role of the relative changes in mean-state SST can also be interpreted as follows: the decreased zonal gradient of mean-state SST due to El Niño–like warming leads to a larger EN–LN asymmetry of rainfall anomalies under a future warming climate.
Ice Crystal Sizes in High Ice Water Content Clouds. Part II: Statistics of Mass Diameter Percentiles in Tropical Convection Observed during the HAIC/HIWC Project
Authors: Leroy D. , Fontaine E. , Schwarzenboeck A. , Strapp J. W. , Korolev A. , McFarquhar G. , Dupuy R. , Gourbeyre C. , Lilie L. , Protat A. , Delanoe J. , Dezitter F. , Grandin A.
Published: November 2016

High ice water content (IWC) regions in mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are a potential threat to commercial aviation, as they are suspected to cause in-service engine power-loss events and air data probe malfunctions. To investigate this, the high-altitude ice crystals (HAIC)/high ice water content (HIWC) projects set up a first field campaign in Darwin (Australia) in 2014. The airborne instrumentation was selected to provide the most accurate measurements of both the bulk total water content (TWC), using a specially developed isokinetic evaporator, and the individual ice crystals properties, using particle imaging probes.

This study focuses on determining the size ranges of ice crystals responsible for the mass in high IWC regions, defined here as cloud regions with IWC greater than 1.5 g m−3. It is shown that for high IWC areas in most of the encountered MCSs, median mass diameters (MMDs) of ice crystals range from 250 to 500 μm and decrease with increasing TWC and decreasing temperature. At the same time, the mass contribution of the smallest crystals (below 100 μm) remains generally low (below 15%).

In contrast, data from two flight missions in a long-lasting quasi-stationary tropical storm reveal that high IWC values can also be associated with MMDs in the range 400–800 μm and peak values of up to 2 mm. Ice crystal images suggest a major growth contribution by vapor deposition (columns, capped columns) even for such larger MMD values.
Benedict XVI, Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations
Authors: Viviano Rocco
Published: November 2016

In continuity with Vatican II and the development of the modern papacy vis-à-vis the religions, Ratzinger-Benedict-XVI has given a distinctive contribution to the Catholic engagement with Islam. He sees the dialogue between Christians and Muslims as theologically founded in ‘God’s irruptive call … heard in the midst of man’s ordinary daily existence,’ which constitutes the shared source of their respective faiths. This shared religious experience imposes on Christians and Muslims a common vocation, that is, to serve humanity by witnessing to that experience, and so help society open itself to the transcendent and give God his rightful place in the life of humanity. Together Christians and Muslims can proclaim that God exists and can be encountered, that he his Creator and calls all people to live according to his ‘design for the world’. Our common task is to offer this truth to all. Benedict XVI has identified the theological foundations, and has suggested the content, aims and a spirituality of the Christian Muslim relationship. Most importantly, in doing so he has challenged Islam to articulate its own theology of interreligious dialogue and has ultimately identified the possible foundations of an Islamic theology of Christian-Muslim relations on which Muslims themselves can build.
Renewing the ‘Special Relationship’ and Rethinking the Return of Cultural Property: The Netherlands and Indonesia, 1949–79
Authors: Scott Cynthia
Published: November 2016

This article questions how the return of cultural property from metropolitan centers of former colonial powers to the successor states of former colonies have been considered positive – if rare – examples of post-colonial redress. Highlighting UNESCO-driven publicity about the transfer of materials from the Netherlands to Indonesia, and tracing nearly 30 years of diplomacy between these countries, demonstrates that the return of cultural property depended on the ability of Dutch officials to vindicate the Netherlands’ historical and contemporary cultural roles in the former East Indies. More than anything, returns were influenced by the determination of Dutch officials to find and maintain a secure cultural role in Indonesia in the future. This article also considers how Dutch policies were initially independent from, but later coincided with, the anti-colonial activism that emerged within the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) around the issue of cultural property return to former colonies. Yet, rather than reveal a mediating role for UNESCO, this article re-positions the return debate within a broader framework of shifting post-colonial cultural relations negotiated bilaterally between the Netherlands – as a former colonial power – and the leaders of the newly independent state of Indonesia.
Effects of Direct Systematic Instruction on Google Glass Orientation With Individuals With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Kelley Kelly R. , Rivera Christopher J. , Kellems Ryan O.
Published: November 2016

Glass, designed by Google, is a fairly new wearable and mobile technology that projects an image into a glass prism above the eye and is currently in beta testing. A touch pad on the side of Glass allows users to engage with the device through swiping gestures and voice control to perform several functions similar to mobile devices. This initial study used a multiple probe across participants design to investigate the effects of direct systematic instruction (model-lead-test [MLT]) to teach three individuals with intellectual disability (ID) to operate Glass. To date, no study has been conducted using Glass with individuals with ID. Results demonstrated a functional relation between the direct systematic instruction and student performance with Glass orientation across all participants. Additionally, participants indicated positive experiences using this wearable/mobile technology based on social validity measures collected at the end of the study. Limitations, future research, and implications for practice are also discussed.
Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Benton Raymond
Published: November 2016

This introductory essay sets up the context for discussions of religion and macromarketing. The essay provides some of the author’s own views before introducing the eight refereed articles and book review that comprise this special issue. Two more articles and another book review will be forthcoming in the next issue of the journal. The author concludes by thanking the authors, the reviewers, and Editors-in-Chief for their assistance in preparing this special issue.
Joseph Skipsey, the ‘peasant poet’, and an unpublished letter from W. B. Yeats
Authors: Tait Gordon
Published: November 2016

This article examines an unpublished letter from Yeats to the ‘pitman-poet’ Joseph Skipsey, which gives new insight into the early career of Yeats and a deeper understanding of the possibilities and capabilities of the Victorian working-classes. It argues that, in Skipsey, Yeats found an English equivalent to the Irish peasant poet, a figure whose life and poetry was central to Yeats’s vision of Ireland and his nation’s literary revival. The article contends that, following the discovery of a letter from Yeats, Skipsey’s poetry and influence should be considered outside the bounds of the Pre-Raphaelite clique within which he is usually located.
Migraine prevention with percutaneous mastoid electrical stimulator: A randomized double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Juan Yang , Shu Ou , Jinhe Lou , Na Yang , Yushuang Deng , Weiwei Dong , Lanying He , Jian Wang
Published: November 2016

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of episodic migraine prevention with the percutaneous mastoid electrical stimulator (PMES).

Methods

This was a randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled trial that involved four medical centers. Episodic patients with at least two migraine attacks every month were randomly 1:1 to PMES or sham stimulation treatment. The treatments were performed daily for 45 minutes over 3 months. The primary outcomes were change in migraine days per month and the 50% response rate.

Results

The PMES group had a significantly greater reduction of migraine days in the third month than the sham group (−71.3% vs. −14.4%, p < 0.001). The 50% response rate of migraine days in the PMES group (≥50% reduction of migraine days compared with the baseline) was significantly higher than that in the sham group (82.5% vs. 17.5%, p < 0.001). In the PMES group, 60% of the patients had a ≥75% reduction of migraine days in the third month, and 35% of the patients had no migraine attack in the third month. No patients in the sham group had a ≥75% reduction of migraine days. There were no adverse events in either group.

Conclusion

Treatment of migraine using non-invasive PMES was safe and effective.
Data uncertainties in material flow analysis: Municipal solid waste management system in Maputo City, Mozambique
Authors: dos Muchangos Leticia Sarmento , Tokai Akihiro , Hanashima Atsuko
Published: November 2016

Material flow analysis can effectively trace and quantify the flows and stocks of materials such as solid wastes in urban environments. However, the integrity of material flow analysis results is compromised by data uncertainties, an occurrence that is particularly acute in low-and-middle-income study contexts. This article investigates the uncertainties in the input data and their effects in a material flow analysis study of municipal solid waste management in Maputo City, the capital of Mozambique. The analysis is based on data collected in 2007 and 2014. Initially, the uncertainties and their ranges were identified by the data classification model of Hedbrant and Sörme, followed by the application of sensitivity analysis. The average lower and upper bounds were 29% and 71%, respectively, in 2007, increasing to 41% and 96%, respectively, in 2014. This indicates higher data quality in 2007 than in 2014. Results also show that not only data are partially missing from the established flows such as waste generation to final disposal, but also that they are limited and inconsistent in emerging flows and processes such as waste generation to material recovery (hence the wider variation in the 2014 parameters). The sensitivity analysis further clarified the most influencing parameter and the degree of influence of each parameter on the waste flows and the interrelations among the parameters. The findings highlight the need for an integrated municipal solid waste management approach to avoid transferring or worsening the negative impacts among the parameters and flows.
Association Between the Use of Long-Acting Insulin and Hypoglycemia in Nondiabetic Patients in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Masse Jordan , Giuliano Christopher Alan , Brown Sara , Paxton Renee Alexander
Published: November 2016

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between long-acting insulin and hypoglycemia in nondiabetic surgical intensive care patients.

Methods:

This single-center, retrospective cohort study evaluated glycemic control in nondiabetic critically ill surgical patients receiving long-acting insulin plus sliding scale versus those receiving sliding scale alone. Patients were matched based on sliding scale order and type of surgery. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who experienced hypoglycemia (glucose values <70 mg/dL). Secondary outcomes included comparing the distribution of glycemic events in the 2 groups and describing the proportion of patients transferred out of the intensive care unit on long-acting insulin who experienced hypoglycemia.

Results:

One hundred twenty patients met the study criteria. Hypoglycemia was significantly higher in the long-acting insulin plus sliding scale group compared to those receiving sliding scale alone (17 [28.3%] patients vs 8 [13.3%] patients; P = .047). After adjusting for body mass index, renal failure, age, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, the odds of hypoglycemia were 4.1 times higher for patients receiving long-acting insulin and sliding scale compared to those receiving sliding scale alone ( P = .02). There were more hypoglycemic events (42 vs 20; P = .05) and hyperglycemic events (313 vs 135; P = .02) in the long-acting insulin group.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated higher rates of hypoglycemia associated with the utilization of long-acting insulin in nondiabetic surgical intensive care patients. Risk of hypoglycemia should be weighed against possible benefits in this population.
Clothing Disposal System by Gifting
Authors: Cruz-Cárdenas Jorge , González Reyes , Gascó José
Published: November 2016

The study of clothing disposal systems, involving the flow of clothing from one household to another, is of great interest because of the positive social and environmental consequences. Based on 35 in-depth interviews with adult men and women in Ecuador, a Latin American country, the authors sought to expand knowledge regarding one of these systems: clothing disposal by gifting to family, friends, and acquaintances. The respondents’ narratives indicated that the clothing disposal system by gifting is noncentric; based on social exchange, it strengthens the links between givers and recipients while allowing for clothes to circulate for a longer time. The data also indicated an intersection between age and gender, offering insight into how the process of clothing disposal by gifting develops within households. In some disposal events reported by participants, the clothing disposal system by gifting demonstrated autonomy, but in other events, it interacted with the clothing marketing system.
Riots of the Other: An analysis of societal reactions to contemporary riots in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in the Netherlands
Authors: Bouabid Abdessamad
Published: November 2016

In this article I argue that there has been a change in the dynamics of riots in the Netherlands from the escalated political protests of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s to public disturbances in disadvantaged neighbourhoods that lack a clearly articulated political component in the last two decades. This article examines the societal reactions such recent ‘riots’ evoke and the means by which the demarcated autonomous and exogenous groups are designated as ‘the rioters’ through a process of ‘Othering’. It examines the 2007 ‘Slotervaart riot’ as an exemplary case of such recent ‘riots’ in the Netherlands. It concludes that placing the focus on demarcated groups of Others during recent ‘riots’ in the Netherlands allowed broader social problems to be placed outside the ‘normal’ or ‘pure’ societal body.
Effect of Core Stability Training on Trunk Function, Standing Balance, and Mobility in Stroke Patients
Authors: Haruyama Koshiro , Kawakami Michiyuki , Otsuka Tomoyoshi
Published: November 2016

Background. Trunk function is important for standing balance, mobility, and functional outcome after stroke, but few studies have evaluated the effects of exercises aimed at improving core stability in stroke patients. Objective. To investigate the effectiveness of core stability training on trunk function, standing balance, and mobility in stroke patients. Methods. An assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial was undertaken in a stroke rehabilitation ward, with 32 participants randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group (n = 16 each). The experimental group received 400 minutes of core stability training in place of conventional programs within total training time, while the control group received only conventional programs. Primary outcome measures were evaluated using the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), which reflects trunk function. Secondary outcome measures were evaluated by pelvic tilt active range of motion in the sagittal plane, the Balance Evaluation Systems Test–brief version (Brief-BESTest), Functional Reach test, Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG), and Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC). A general linear repeated-measures model was used to analyze the results. Results. A treatment effect was found for the experimental group on the dynamic balance subscale and total score of the TIS ( P = .002 and P < .001, respectively), pelvic tilt active range of motion ( P < .001), Brief-BESTest ( P < .001), TUG ( P = .008), and FAC ( P = .022). Conclusions. Core stability training has beneficial effects on trunk function, standing balance, and mobility in stroke patients. Our findings might provide support for introducing core stability training in stroke rehabilitation.
Hippocrates (ca 460-375 bc), Introducing Thoracotomy Combined With a Tracheal Intubation for the Parapneumonic Pleural Effusions and Empyema Thoracis
Authors: Tsoucalas Gregory , Sgantzos Markos
Published: November 2016

Hippocrates was the first physician to describe in accuracy pleural effusion and pneumonia. To treat empyema thoracis he had introduced a combined method of tracheal intubation with a simultaneously thoracotomy. The surgical incision was used for the pus to be progressively drainaged. If the patient was too weak to eat, he had suggested for nutritional mixtures to be administered through an oral-gastric tube. Thus Hippocrates composed in his operating theatre, an icon similar to modern surgical operations.
Transformational school leadership and teacher self-efficacy as predictors of perceived collective teacher efficacy
Authors: Ninković Stefan R , Knežević Florić Olivera Č
Published: November 2016

Although scholars have acknowledged the role of collaborative relationships of teachers in improving the quality of instruction, teacher collective efficacy continues to be a neglected construct in educational research. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relations between transformational school leadership, teacher self-efficacy and perceived collective teacher efficacy, using a sample of 120 permanent secondary-school teachers in Serbia, whose average age was 42.5. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that transformational school leadership and teacher self-efficacy were independent predictors of teacher collective efficacy. The research findings also showed that individually-focused transformational leadership contributed significantly to an explanation of collective efficiency after controlling specific predictor effects of group-focused dimensions of transformational leadership. It is argued that the results have a double meaning. First, this study expanded the understanding of the relationship between different dimensions of transformational school leadership and collective teacher efficacy. Second, a contribution of teacher self-efficacy to collective efficacy beliefs was established, confirming the assumptions of social cognitive theory on reciprocal causality between two types of perceived efficacy: individual and collective.
Contributing to clinical research in the UK
Authors: Ilyas Rebecca , Chow Karyee , Young J Graham
Published: November 2016

Background:

Contributing to clinical research is generally personally and professionally rewarding for urologists. The regulatory environment can seem daunting and this paper guides a new consultant through the initial steps to plan and commence a project.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to guide a new consultant in planning and implementing a clinical research project by providing a detailed review on how to start and conduct a clinical project.

Methods:

Research committees and bodies that offer funding and help were researched thoroughly and an intensive guideline was written to help new trainees and consultants to begin and implement clinical research.

Conclusions:

The necessary information required to conduct and implement a clinical research project for a new consultant.
Efficacy and tolerability of oral versus injectable disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis in clinical practice
Authors: Longbrake Erin E , Cross Anne H , Salter Amber
Published: November 2016

Background

The advent of oral disease-modifying therapies fundamentally changed the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Nevertheless, impressions of their relative efficacy and tolerability are primarily founded on expert opinion.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine whether oral disease-modifying therapies were better tolerated and/or more effective for controlling multiple sclerosis compared to injectable therapies in clinical practice.

Methods

Single-center, retrospective cohort study. 480 patients initiated oral (fingolimod, teriflunomide, or dimethyl fumarate) or injectable therapy between March 2013–March 2015 and follow-up data was collected for 5–31 months. Outcomes included on-drug multiple sclerosis activity and drug discontinuation. Cox proportional hazards models were used to control for baseline differences and sensitivity analyses using propensity-weighted matching were performed.

Results

A higher proportion of teriflunomide-treated patients experienced multiple sclerosis activity compared to those treated with injectable therapies ( p = 0.0053) in the adjusted model. Breakthrough multiple sclerosis was equally prevalent among fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate-treated compared to injectable therapy-treated patients. Of patients initiating a disease-modifying therapy, 32–46% discontinued or switched treatments during the study. After controlling for baseline differences, discontinuation rates were comparable across treatment groups.

Conclusions

In this cohort, oral and injectable disease-modifying therapies were equally well tolerated, but teriflunomide appeared less effective for controlling multiple sclerosis activity than injectable therapies. Further study is needed.
The Consistency in Macronutrient Oxidation and the Role for Epinephrine in the Response to Fasting and Overfeeding
Authors: Vinales Karyne Lima , Schlögl Mathias , Piaggi Paolo , Hohenadel Maximilian , Graham Alexis , Bonfiglio Susan , Krakoff Jonathan , Thearle Marie S.
Published: November 2016

Context:

In humans, dietary vs intraindividual determinants of macronutrient oxidation preference and the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) during short-term overfeeding and fasting are unclear.

Objective:

To understand the influence on metabolic changes of diet and SNS during 24 hours of overfeeding.

Design, Setting, Participants, and Interventions:

While residing on a clinical research unit, 64 participants with normal glucose regulation were assessed during energy balance, fasting, and four 24-hour overfeeding diets, given in random order. The overfeeding diets contained 200% of energy requirements and varied macronutrient proportions: (1) standard (50% carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 30% fat); (2) 75% carbohydrate; (3) 60% fat; and (4) 3% protein.

Main Outcome Measures:

Twenty-four–hour energy expenditure (EE) and macronutrient oxidation rates were measured in an indirect calorimeter during the dietary interventions, with concomitant measurement of urinary catecholamines and free cortisol.

Results:

EE decreased with fasting (−7.7% ± 4.8%; P < 0.0001) and increased with overfeeding. The smallest increase occurred during consumption of the diet with 3% protein (2.7% ± 4.5%; P = 0.001) and the greatest during the diet with 75% carbohydrate (13.8 ± 5.7%; P < 0.0001). Approximately 60% of macronutrient oxidation was determined by diet and 20% by intrinsic factors (P < 0.0001). Only urinary epinephrine differed between fasting and overfeeding diets (Δ = 2.25 ± 2.9 µg/24h; P < 0.0001). During fasting, higher urinary epinephrine concentrations correlated with smaller reductions in EE (ρ = 0.34; P = 0.01).

Conclusions:

Independent from dietary macronutrient proportions, there is a strong individual contribution to fuel preference that remains consistent across diets. Higher urinary epinephrine levels may reflect the importance of epinephrine in maintaining EE during fasting.
Out of the Home, into the House
Authors: Fernandes Sujatha
Published: November 2016

This article focuses on the use of narratives and personal storytelling in the New York Domestic Workers’ Bill of Rights campaign. I argue that while stories told to the media and at the legislature helped bring mostly undocumented domestic workers a sense of visibility and recognition in broader society, the narratives drew on long-standing cultural tropes of bad masters, individual victims, and the home as a site of care that have longer genealogies in slavery and colonialism. As earlier myths of domesticity masked labor relations in colonial and slave economies, so too these narratives used by contemporary leaders disguise the racialized and gendered division of labor in a neoliberal globalized economy. The recourse to a storytelling strategy — with its reliance on restrictive public narratives, the heavy involvement of advocacy networks and foundations in shaping these narratives, and its emphasis on winning over adversaries rather than fighting them — ultimately narrowed the goals of this movement and resulted in limited changes for immigrant domestic workers. While symbolic recognition through storytelling has been important in humanizing and making visible the struggles of a mostly undocumented female workforce, this strategy, when divorced from a larger grassroots and autonomous movement, has been incapable of challenging broader global patterns of gendered inequality.
How to Be as Productive as Balzac
Authors: McCarthy Anna
Published: November 2016

Believe it or not, today’s content creators can learn a lot from a writer-entrepreneur who was born two hundred years before the founding of Google.
Depicting Victims, Heroines, and Pawns in the Syrian Uprising
Authors: Szanto Edith
Published: November 2016

During the onslaught of the Islamic caliphate on Kobanî, Syria, media outlets across the globe broadcast pictures of brave and often unveiled Kurdish women fighting the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS), a quintessentially male force of destruction. The images of women fighting Islamist male aggressors aroused outrage, admiration, and pity among observers. But had all Kurdish fighters been male or had women fought for ISIS, viewers might have reacted differently. To examine some of the most widely disseminated gendered pictures and videos of the Syrian uprising in the media, this article draws on Mohja Kahf’s three categories, which typify how Muslim women, Arab women, or both are perceived by the Anglophone reading and viewing public: the first is victims; the second, escapees; and the third, pawns of patriarchy and male power. While this typology helps in examining gendered images of the Syrian uprising, it also obscures the socioeconomic realities on the ground.
Challenging Reified Masculinities
Authors: Tadros Mariz
Published: November 2016

This article examines incidents of politically motivated sexual violence against men in protest spaces at a distinct juncture in Egypt’s history, after the downfall of President Hosni Mubarak (2011–13). The article examines the reified conceptions of masculinities in relation to gender-based violence that contribute to the omission of men’s experiences of sexual assault in protest spaces. An analysis of such reifications, their dynamics, and implications is critically important for two subfields: the study of masculinities in the Middle East and the study of men and gender-based violence on conflict. The article draws on empirical data comprising twelve in-depth life histories with men who belong to vigilante groups that sought to rescue women from sexual assault in protest spaces and interviews with women and men who were sexually assaulted during protests. This is corroborated with primary data made available through the work of psychologists and secondary literature.
Exploiting Ruthenium Carbene-Catalyzed Reactions in Total Synthesis of Marine Oxacyclic Natural Products
Authors: Fuwa Haruhiko , Sasaki Makoto
Published: November 2016

Olefin metathesis has emerged as an indispensable means to create complex natural products by the virtue of its powerful carbon–carbon bond-forming ability, compatibility with a range of functional groups, and ready availability of highly reactive ruthenium carbene catalysts. Furthermore, Grubbs-type ruthenium carbene complexes originally developed for olefin metathesis reactions also mediate a variety of non-metathetic reactions and found their use in tandem metathetic/non-metathetic processes. This account summarizes our recent efforts on total synthesis of oxacyclic natural products by means of ruthenium carbene-catalyzed reactions.
Uncertainty and Sectoral Shifts: The Interaction Between Firm-Level and Aggregate-Level Shocks, and Macroeconomic Activity
Authors: Kalay Alon , Nallareddy Suresh , Sadka Gil
Published: November 2016

This study predicts and finds that the interaction of firm-level and aggregate-level shocks explains a significant portion of shocks to macroeconomic activity. Specifically, we hypothesize that the relation between uncertainty and economic growth is most pronounced when both firm-level and aggregate-level uncertainty are high simultaneously. Similarly, we hypothesize that aggregate performance affects unemployment most when both firm-level dispersion is high and aggregate performance is low, based on the sectoral shift theory. Our hypotheses and empirical results show that the interactive effect of firm-level and aggregate-level shocks are larger than the sum of the individual effects.

This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
Intertemporal Pricing Under Minimax Regret
Authors: Caldentey René , Liu Ying , Lobel Ilan
Published: November 2016

We consider the pricing problem faced by a monopolist who sells a product to a population of consumers over a finite time horizon. Customers’ types differ along two dimensions: (i) their willingness-to-pay for the product and (ii) their arrival time during the selling season. We assume that the seller knows only the support of the customers’ valuations and do not make any other distributional assumptions about customers’ willingness-to-pay or arrival times. We consider a robust formulation of the seller’s pricing problem that is based on the minimization of her worst-case regret. We consider two distinct cases of customers’ purchasing behavior: myopic and strategic customers. For both of these cases, we characterize optimal price paths. For myopic customers, the regret is determined by the price at a critical time. Depending on the problem parameters, this critical time will be either the end of the selling season or it will be a time that equalizes the worst-case regret generated by undercharging customers and the worst-case regret generated by customers waiting for the price to fall. The optimal pricing strategy is not unique except at the critical time. For strategic consumers, we develop a robust mechanism design approach to compute an optimal policy. Depending on the problem parameters, the optimal policy might lead some consumers to wait until the end of the selling season and might price others out of the market. Under strategic customers, the optimal price equalizes the regrets generated by different customer types that arrive at the beginning of the selling season. We show that a seller that does not know if the customers are myopic should price as if they are strategic. We also show there is no benefit under myopic consumers to having a selling season longer than a certain uniform bound, but that the same is not true with strategic consumers.
Before and after photographs: making them high-quality and truthful
Authors: Turner Russell
Published: November 2016

While researching aesthetic treatments, prospects often look for visual evidence of positive outcomes in the form of patient photos. However, many clinics are not investing enough time and effort into producing quality, high-resolution imagery, argues Russell Turner. He highlights the importance of ensuring all photos are taken with consistent lighting, good posing and the correct colour cast
Applications of Discrete-Event Simulation in the Forest Products Sector: A Review
Authors: Opacic Luke , Sowlati Taraneh
Published: November 2016

Decisions in the forest products sector have economic, environmental, and social impacts, and involve multiple stakeholders. The complexities and variations in the sector, such as equipment interactions and seasonalities, make discrete-event simulation an attractive decision-support tool. This article reviews the relevant literature to highlight the extensive applications and benefits of discrete-event simulation in forestry. Discrete-event simulation allows one to perform “what-if” scenarios and assess the impact of changes on processes, overall throughput, and productivity. It has been used to compare harvesting systems, evaluate the impacts of machine interactions in the forest and in mills, conduct bottleneck analyses, determine the feasibility of machine replacements, assess log transportation methods, and analyze biofuel supply chains. No studies considered the combined interactions of workers and machines, which could be considered in the future. Future work could also consider multiple objectives, the combination of optimization and simulation, the combination of different simulation methods, and the use of simulation for training and performance evaluation.
Their satanic majesties’ movies: The Rolling Stones in cinema
Authors: James David E.
Published: November 2016

From the mid-1950s to the early-1970s, the several phases of the rock ‘n’ roll film differently negotiated the various kinds of delinquency attributed to the new music. At its inception, critics associated what was thought to be its musical delinquency with social delinquencies: working-class and African American’s insubordination, and sexual promiscuity. The 1950s’ jukebox musicals, the first rock ‘n’ roll film genre, disputed these associations and narrated the music as innocuous teenage entertainment, fully compatible with and assimilable to the culture industries. Documentary films about late-1960s’ ‘rock’, most notably Monterey Pop (D. A. Pennebaker, 1968) and Woodstock (Michael Wadleigh, 1970), transvalued the terms of the earlier critiques and celebrated their role in a biracial folk community based on peace and love. Films about the Rolling Stones, however, re-asserted the delinquencies, affirming instead the band’s associations with violence, misogyny and insurrection. The most crucial of them, Gimme Shelter (Albert and David Maysles and Charlotte Zwerin, 1970), portrayed the collapse of the utopian countercultural community earlier films had proposed.
Desafiar a agenda? Políticas e práticas de in(ex)clusão na UE: um olhar sobre os fluxos de refugiados
Authors: Freire Maria Raquel , Nascimento Daniela
Published: November 2016

Olhando os desafios associados aos fluxos de refugiados/migrantes que têm nos anos recentes tentado chegar à UE, questionando a sua capacidade de resposta, e com base num pressuposto teórico centrado nos processos de securitização da questão dos refugiados e migrantes, este artigo procura mapear as respostas e medidas levadas a cabo ao nível da União Europeia, procurando perceber que implicações têm tido do ponto de vista da promoção de políticas de inclusão e integração de todos os que procuram na UE uma nova oportunidade de vida. Pretende-se ainda perceber os desafios que esta questão tem colocado na agenda europeia, olhando quer a dimensão interna quer a dimensão externa da questão.https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-6336_15_7
A Problemática do Desenvolvimento Regional em Portugal
Authors: Porto Manuel Lopes
Published: November 2016

Neste ensaio o autor dá a conhecer a problemática do desenvolvimento regional em Portugal.https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-6336_15_9
PROBLEMS OF EN 50 128:2011 RAILWAY STANDARD
Authors: Brandejský Tomáš
Published: November 2016

The second version of railway standard EN50128:2011 published by CENELEC is used for five years and thus the CENELEC reasons about preparation of new version of this standard are coming, because the CENELEC defined 10-year cycle of its standards innovation. The paper discusses some observations of problems of this standard application from the position of safety assessor which gives us the contact with developers applying this standard into the real railway products.
MONITORING OF TRACK SECTIONS WITH LONG-PITCH CORRUGATION
Authors: Valehrach Jan , Šmíd Jaroslav
Published: November 2016

The focus of this paper lies on monitoring of the track sections with rail corrugations caused by wheel sliding. Short waves on the running surface of the rail head on low rail are typical for this defect. Long-pitch corrugation is a significant cause of vibration and noise pollution in the railway infrastructure. Therefore it is very important to understand the formation and development of this imperfection of the rails. Measurements were carried out in curves of small radii on several tracks in the Czech Republic. In addition to the measurement of the surface of the rail head a number of supplementary parameters was evaluated for each section, such as curve radius, superelevation, track gauge etc. and the speed of passing trains as well. This paper describes rail corrugation defect and its development. Our early results are presented in the Conclusions.
The use of different tobacco and related products, with and without flavours, among 15-year-olds in Slovenia
Authors: Koprivnikar Helena , Zupanic Tina
Published: November 2016

Background

Different tobacco and related products, like waterpipe, e-cigarettes, are gaining popularity among adolescents in different countries; the data for Slovenia is currently limited. The purpose of this paper is to present the latest data on the use of different tobacco and related products, with or without flavours, among 15-year old students in Slovenia.

Methods

Data for 15-year-old students were drawn from 2014 Slovene database of the cross-national survey Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children. The survey sample was selected with stratified two-stage sampling method. The survey was performed in schools with a self-administered web questionnaire. The survey questionnaire included international compulsory, selected optional and national questions, all on a variety of topics related to youth health behaviour.

Results

25.2% of 15-year-old students reported current (past 30-day) use of any tobacco related product, mainly cigarettes (93.1% of users), followed by waterpipe (11.7%) and cigars, cigarillos and pipes (9.4%). Exclusive use of unconventional products is low (5.1% of users). 85.5% of users of any product used one product, 48.5% of users used products with flavours. The use of different products, one or more products, and flavoured products was related to gender.

Conclusion

A comprehensive tobacco control and prevention must address all tobacco and related products.
Planned Birth Before 39 Weeks and Child Development: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Bentley Jason P. , Roberts Christine L. , Bowen Jenny R. , Martin Andrew J. , Morris Jonathan M. , Nassar Natasha
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the association of gestational age and mode of birth with early child development.

METHODS:

Population-based record linkage cohort study was conducted among 153 730 live-born infants of ≥32 weeks’ gestation with developmental assessments at school age, in New South Wales, Australia, 2002 to 2007. Children were assessed in 5 domains: physical health and well-being, language and cognition, social competence, emotional maturity, and general knowledge and communication. Children scoring in the bottom 10% of national domains were considered developmentally vulnerable, and children developmentally vulnerable for ≥2 domains were classified as developmentally high risk (DHR), the primary outcome. Robust multivariable Poisson models were used to obtain individual and combined adjusted relative risks (aRRs) of gestational age and mode of birth for DHR children.

RESULTS:

Overall, 9.6% of children were DHR. The aRR (95% confidence interval) of being DHR increased with decreasing gestational age (referent: 40 weeks); 32 to 33 weeks 1.25 (1.08–1.44), 34 to 36 weeks 1.26 (1.18–1.34), 37 weeks 1.17 (1.10–1.25), 38 weeks 1.06 (1.01–1.10), 39 weeks 0.98 (0.94–1.02), ≥41 weeks 0.99 (0.94–1.03), and for labor induction or prelabor cesarean delivery (planned birth; referent: vaginal birth after spontaneous labor), 1.07 (1.04–1.11). The combined aRR for planned birth was 1.26 (1.18–1.34) at 37 weeks and 1.13 (1.08–1.19) at 38 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS:

Early (at <39 weeks) planned birth is associated with an elevated risk of poor child development at school age. The timing of planned birth is modifiable, and strategies to inform more judicious decision-making are needed to ensure optimal child health and development.
Síndrome metabólica e disfunção ventricular esquerda subclínica
Authors: Cañon Montañez Wilson
Published: November 2016

Recent studies using both conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography have gathered evidence of myocardial dysfunction in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Recently, two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) has become a robust method for the detection of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction through quantitative assessment of myocardial deformation. Some studies suggest that metabolic syndrome is associated with longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle and that global longitudinal strain measured by 2D-STE is impaired in individuals with metabolic syndrome. It may be inferred that the early identification of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction and the determination of the role of the components of metabolic syndrome in impaired myocardial contractility can help elucidate and predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases in this syndrome.
Traces in SL(3,C) and SU(2,1) Groups
Authors: Annor Dickson Y.B. , Boadi Richard K.
Published: November 2016

In this paper we prove some trace identities in SL(3,C) and SU(2,1) groups. We also present the merits on how to parametrise pair of pants via traces and cross-ratio. Finally, we compute traces of matrices that are generated by complex reflections in complex triangle groups.
Comparative evaluation of dynamic hip screw and proximal femoral nail for fracture of intertrochanteric femur
Authors: Yadav Sachin , Srivastava D. C. , Shukla Manish
Published: November 2016

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the result in terms of rate of union, time of ambulation and functional recovery of fracture intertrochanteric femur treated by dynamic hip screw (DHS) and proximal femoral interlocking nail (PFN) and to compare complications in terms of implant failure, infection, blood loss and C arm exposure in both groups.

Methods: This was a prospective study of 92 cases, 38 cases were treated by PFN and 54 cases were treated by DHS. Patients were followed up at 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks. The results were compared for functional outcome using Palmer and Parker score and also for various complications.

Results: Comparison of mobility score at six month follow up period revealed  the PFN group to be significantly more mobile (5.8 Vs. 4.19 respectively, p <0.001) than the DHS  group. In our study 6 patients managed with DHS (6.52%) developed superficial wound infection which responded to intravenous antibiotics. No patient with PFN had wound infection. Only 2 patients in the PFN group and 12 patients in the DHS group had persistent pain at the incision site.

Conclusions: Dynamic hip screw fixation of these fracture requires less preoperative time,  is associated with less exposure to radiation but the blood loss is much higher. On the contrary PFN allows faster mobilization and greater mobility scores at six months.
Etude Eco-Dendrométrique Du Dépérissement Du Cèdre De l’Atlas Dans Le Parc National De Theniet El Had “Algérie”
Authors: Lamine Taleb Mohamed , M’hamed Maatoug , Blel Azouzi , Mohamed Zedek , Benchabane Hellal
Published: November 2016

This study aims to search the relationship between the decline of the Atlas cedar and the eco-dendrometrique factors in the National Park of Theniet El Had located in the north-west of Algeria. This study takes place throughout 30 circular plots of 1.000m2 area in which, a dendrometric measures and ecological data are taken in addition to descriptive data for Atlas cedar trees. The descriptive data shows that 34% of inventoried Atlas cedar have damaged leaves and 30% have more then 25% of their crowns damaged. The analysis of variance shows that there is no relationship between the rate of the Atlas cedar decline ant the ecological factors, components of the soil and dendrometric parameters except for the average circumference witch is influenced by the competition between trees. Therefor, a particular management plan for the regulation of competition is a necessity for this park.
La Sécheresse Dans Le « Quart Nord-Est » De La Côte d’Ivoire: De La Réalité Climatique À La Perception Paysanne
Authors: KANGA Hermann Kouakou , ASSI  KAUDJHIS Joseph P.
Published: November 2016

Based on an inquiry on the ground and geostatistics prossessing, this task analyses the problematic of aridity and the perception done by the peasant populations of the ‘’ North -East quarter’’ region of IVORY COAST. We come to know from these analyses that the dryness is a reality in this part of IVORY COAST. Indeed, starting with the indexes of NICHOLSON and MC KEE that is the test of PETTIT and the monthly climatic balance, agricultural and meteorological dryness have been determined to all the studied stations. Mainly the meteorological dryness is much more intensive in this sector of BOUNA and DABAKALA. As to agricultural dryness, it has been heavier in BOUAKE,KATIOLA, DABAKALA and BOUNA respectively. The test of FISHER has justified the variation of the dryness apprehension in the space. Thus, the dryness can be grasped by different ways (four ways) according to the inquired places. However, the peasant populations cannot distinguish the differences between meteorological and agricultural dryness clearly.