bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancement of information technology related to medical and health sector
Authors: Mehmood Shakh
Published: April 2022

Information technology (IT) related to medical and health sector has vast area of networking. It is very easy to find out the location and land mark of specified and particular names of hospitals in the field of medical and health centers. It is also very easy to find out the total medical and health facilities under one roof, the list of doctors available, the drug available in pharmaceuticals stores, blood available in the blood banks, three (3) dimensional surgery facility, a deck facility of the patients etc. The Hottes Medical Technologies are related Advance Telemedicine, New Methods of Drug Development, Data Driven Health Care, Nanomedicine, 5G-Enabled Devices, Tricoders, Healthcare’s Digital Assistants, Smarters Pacemakers, A Lab. On a Chip, Wearables with a Purpose, Remote Patients Monstorins, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Therapeutics, Technology in Mental Health and Internet of Medical and Health Sector.
Impact of advertisement on products
Authors: Phatak Gururaj , Hongal Pushpa , Nagaphanindra N
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to identify customer usage of patanjali products, factors influence to buy patanjali products, customer attention towards patanjali products, to identify consumer decision-making process through aida model, and evaluate the satisfaction level of customers after purchase based on ads. I have taken 301 samples for my project and used descriptive as well as exploratory research. I have used random sampling technique to choose the respondents. The statistical tools used for the evaluation of data is t-test, garret ranking and frequency analysis. The study covers the impact of advertising on the consumer buying decision. Furthermore, the work highlights the meaning of advertising as a promotional tool; it also examines the impact of advertising on customers concerning new products.

When the study conducted on people of davanagere city, regarding usage of patanjali products, it has come to light that majority people uses patanjali products frequently, people also ranked message as first factor to buy patanjali products followed by information about the product and quality, and then many people shed some light on that television grabs their attention to watch advertisements.
Overcoming the barriers in implementing TQM and sustaining the success through continuous quality improvement: Deming’s 14 points
Authors: Karunakaran N , Bayavanda Chinnappa T.
Published: April 2022

Quality, cost and delivery, aptly described as "manufacturing deliverables', are key for the success of any organization. In recent times, factors like speed of delivery, customization, flexibility, and competitive price are also considered as strategic variables. These developments have tremendously increased the pressure on the operations managers who are looking out for possible ways and means of achieving these multiple objectives. To be successful, TQM program may be included and reliable information on the results of implementation between departments should be made.
Programas de moratoria de créditos bancarios en tiempos de COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Bolzico Javier , Prats Cabrera Joan Oriol
Published: April 2022

América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) fue una de las regiones más castigadas por la pandemia de COVID-19. A fin de mitigar los efectos de la pandemia, los gobiernos han utilizado principalmente dos instrumentos con el objetivo de facilitar el acceso de empresas y personas a la financiación bancaria: esquemas de garantías estatales y programas de moratorias o refinanciación de deudas bancarias. Los programas de moratoria y reestructuración crediticia se concibieron como una forma de alivio crediticio transitorio para empresas y familias. Estos programas se basaron principalmente en la excepción regulatoria sobre clasificación y aprovisionamiento de deudores, por lo que se aprobaron normas que permitían extender los plazos de pagos o reprogramar deudas, sin que ello tuviera impacto en la clasificación crediticia del cliente ni en el aprovisionamiento de la cartera. A diferencia de los esquemas de garantías estatales, los programas de moratoria implicaron un esfuerzo para los bancos, pero no tuvieron consecuencias directas para las arcas de los fiscos. Esta publicación presenta el análisis y conclusiones de un estudio sobre programas de moratoria y reprogramación crediticia en tiempos de COVID-19 en ALC. Se presentan aspectos generales de los programas de moratoria crediticia implementados y se analizan el contexto previo a su implementación, sus principales características generales y sus principales resultados e impacto potencial. Asimismo, se estudian los aspectos relevantes identificados y se identifican buenas prácticas para el diseño e implementación de programas de moratoria de créditos.
Development of a Conceptual Model for Intelligent Software System Designing
Authors: Mahmudova Shafagat
Published: April 2022

This article provides information on the design of intelligent software systems. An intelligent software system refers to any software using artificial intelligence to analyze and interpret data or to communicate with systems and people. The article substantiates the relevance of the issue and highlights existing problems. The following factors are taken into consideration when assessing the problems of intelligent software system designing: easy data collection, low cost of developing intelligent systems, availability of experts and necessary resources (computers, program developers, software, etc.). The article also reports of related studies and identifies application areas. A conceptual model is developed for the design of intelligent software systems. The stages, components, directions, etc. indicated in the conceptual model for the design of intelligent software systems are studied and the characteristics of each are determined. Some examples of design types by the fields of activity are identified. The developed model can be used in the design of intelligent software systems related to any instrumental programming.
Employment of an Active Thermal Control System for Developing a Space-Based Antenna Complex Reflector
Authors: Azhevsky Ya.A. , Prosuntsov P.V.
Published: April 2022

The article considers a variant of using carbon heating elements for increasing the thermal stability of space-based radar satellite antenna. The effectiveness of such a variant is justified. The radiative-conductive heat transfer of the reflector structure was simulated as part of a flight in a low Earth orbit using carbon heating elements, which showed a decrease in the level of thermal displacements of the reflector mirror from 1.8 to 0.4 mm. The effect of the power and the layout of carbon heating elements on the temperature state of the reflector has been studied. The dimensional stability of its structural elements was assessed.
Efectos Del Tamaño De Cormo Y Bencilaminopurina Sobre La Proliferación Del Plátano En Dos Ambientes De Propagación
Authors: Espinoza González Jorge , Bustamante González Antonio , Cedeño García Galo
Published: April 2022

La macropropagación de plátano en cámara térmica es una tecnología económica, efectiva como método de limpieza fitosanitaria, y eficiente para potenciar la producción de plántulas. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar los efectos del tamaño de cormo (TC) y bencilaminopurina (BAP) sobre la proliferación del plátano en dos ambientes de propagación (AP). Los tratamientos consistieron de dos niveles de BAP (con y sin BAP), tres TC (2±0.5, 4±0.5 y 6±0.5 kg) y dos AP (cámara térmica y cantero). Las variables evaluadas fueron tiempo de brotación (días), tasa de multiplicación (TM) de plántulas por cormo y por m2. El tiempo de brotación fue influenciado significativamente (p < 0.05) por el AP, donde la cámara térmica adelantó la emergencia de brotes en 12 días, con respecto al cantero. Las tasas de multiplicación de plántulas por cormo y por m2, fueron influenciadas significativamente (p < 0.05) por BAP, TC y AP. Con BAP se produjo un 30 y 31% de incrementos de TM por cormo y por m2, respectivamente, en comparación al tratamiento sin BAP. Dentro de la cámara térmica la TM por cormo y por m2 se incrementó en un 44% con respecto al cantero. En cuanto al efecto del TC, los resultados indicaron una TM por cormo directamente proporcional al tamaño del cormo. Por el contrario, la TM por m2 mostró un comportamiento inversamente proporcional al tamaño del cormo. Se recomienda utilizar cámara térmica y BAP para masificar la producción de plántulas de plátano vía macropropagación.
La NIIF 3: Combinación de negocios y la evaluación del impacto financiero en las empresas de venta minoritaria de productos farmacéuticos y artículos de tocador en Lima, año 2018
Authors:   , Davila Gonzales Gisselia Judith , Rojo López Liliana Mercedes
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de la presente tesis es determinar la incidencia en la evaluación del impacto financiero que la aplicación de la NIIF 3 Combinación de Negocios tiene en las empresas de venta minoritaria de productos farmacéuticos y artículos de tocador, en Lima, año 2018. Para la investigación se han considerado las directrices dadas por la norma NIIF 3 como, su objetivo y alcance, el reconocimiento y medición de cuentas; además de, la información que se debe revelar en los estados financieros y que permite hacer el cálculo adecuado de los indicadores financieros que proporcione información sobre el impacto o trascendencia que la norma ha tenido en la realidad o situación financiera de la entidad que ha pasado por una transacción de combinación de negocios. La investigación está dividida en cinco capítulos; el Capítulo I corresponde al Marco Teórico relacionado a las variables planteadas y su relación con el sector objeto de estudio por medio de la recopilación de datos, definiciones y opiniones dadas por expertos y/o fuentes directas acerca de la NIIF 3 - variable independiente -; además, del Impacto Financiero - variable dependiente – y, su relación con los estados financieros e indicadores financieros en el sector comercio interno de la Clase CIIU 4772 – “Venta al por menor de productos farmacéuticos y medicinales, cosméticos y artículos de tocador en almacenes especializados”; en el Capítulo II Plan de Investigación se elabora el planteamiento del problema, los objetivos del trabajo y las hipótesis a verificar; para el Capítulo III se plantea la Metodología de Investigación por medio del desarrollo del diseño de la experimentación desde el establecimiento de la población y muestra hasta la delimitación del método adecuado para el estudio de las variables; en el Capítulo IV se lleva a cabo la aplicación del método mixto cuantitativo y cualitativo por medio de las entrevistas y encuestas y la recopilación de las respuestas brindadas que ayudarán a corroborar las hipótesis planteadas así como, la presentación del caso práctico; el capítulo V Análisis de Resultados en donde se efectúa el análisis de los instrumentos y del caso presentado por medio de pruebas estadísticas. Finalmente, se emiten las conclusiones basadas en los resultados estadísticos obtenidos.
The Effect of Entrepreneurship-Based STEM Education on Secondary School Students’ Self-Regulation Skills
Authors: MERAL Meryem , ALTUN YALÇIN Sema
Published: April 2022

This research was carried out to determine the effect of entrepreneurship-based STEM education on secondary school students’ self-regulation skills. The sample of the study consisted of 20 students studying in the 8th grade in the 2019-2020 academic year. Mixed method was preferred and single group pre-test-post-test model was used in the study. “Perceived Self-Regulation Skills Scale” was used to obtain quantitative data. The open-ended “Semi-structured interview form” was used to obtain qualitative data. Pre-and post-test means of quantitative data were compared by paired-sample t test and content analysis method was used to compare the pre-and post-test means of qualitative data. Entrepreneurship-based STEM education was provided to the students for 8 weeks. As a result of the research, there was no significant difference between the pre-and post-test scores of the students’ self-regulation skills, however, there was an increase in favor of the post test. In the qualitative data related to self-regulation skills, an increase was also observed in favor of the post-test regarding the the concept of self-efficacy and the sub-dimensions of self-regulation skills, called “openness” and “seeking”.
STRENGTHENING CADRES CAPABILITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TODDLERS HEALTHY SNACK ON HIGH PROTEIN LOCAL MIXED FLOUR PRODUCTS IN ACCELERATION OF STUNTING MANAGEMENT IN TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Adi Annis Catur , Raudhany Fathrizqita Aghnia , Salisa Wizara , Syahrul Fariani , Rifqi Mahmud Aditya
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTStunting in Tulungagung Regency is still a serious threat to the health of infants and toddlers. The Covid-19 pandemic has hampered posyandu activities as health service facilities in the community. Strengthening the knowledge and skills of posyandu cadres is very important, because posyandu cadres are educational agents who are directly related to mothers of toddlers. This community service aims to increase the role of posyandu cadres in an effort to reduce stunting through the development of healthy snack innovations from high-protein flour products. There were three methods, namely counseling, training and mentoring. Counseling on stunting and the use of local food, training on making healthy snacks based on high-protein mixed flour, as well as mentoring participants in the development and innovation of healthy snacks based on high-protein mixed flour. The community service program was carried out in a hybrid manner, namely online and offline in the work area of the Pakel Health Center, with a total of 50 participants. The counseling was carried out using visual power point media, training with demonstrations of making healthy snacks, and mentoring which contained direct practice of making healthy snacks independently for two weeks after the counseling and training activities were carried out. The result shows that community service in the form of counseling has an impact on increasing the knowledge of Posyandu cadres at Pakel Health Center, by 4,5%. Training and assistance in making healthy snacks can also be practiced independently by cadres and mothers of toddlers as evidenced by the success and emergence of various menus. In conclusion, the counseling, training, and assistance provided were able to increase the creativity of posyandu cadres and mothers of toddlers in creating healthy snacks based on high-protein mixed flour as an acceleration of stunting prevention.
STRENGTHENING RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CHARACTER EDUCATION IN DUWET KRAJAN VILLAGE
Authors: Izzalqurny Tomy Rizky , Hamim Alfi Rosyidah , Permatasari Faridah Puteri , Hikami Ahmad
Published: April 2022

Juvenile delinquency is a social problem in Indonesia that still requires special attention. Character education is a solution to this problem. The purpose of character education is so that the individual is not affected by bad things so that he is able to join the community. The formation of children's character can be realized strategically through religious education. However, religious education held in schools has not been effective, so a Quran Education Park (TPQ) is needed. The MBKM Village Building Program implemented by the State University of Malang is a form of community service. The service activity was carried out at Mr. Mahsun's house which held TPQ for children in Duwet Krajan Village, Tumpang District. The activity will be held from November 2021 to December 2021. The activity starts at 14.00 until it is finished with a target of 60 children. The activity was carried out by helping the Koran activities and telling children one of the prophet's exemplary stories in easy-to-understand language so that children were able to take moral messages. This activity is carried out with the hope of instilling character education in children in Duwet Krajan Village.
SUPPORTING FOOD SECURITY AND ORGANIC VEGETABLE PLANTING FOR THE COMMUNITY DURING PANDEMIC IN WARUNGPRING DISTRICT, PEMALANG
Authors: Haikaludin Muhammad , Fatiatun Fatiatun
Published: April 2022

One of the problems that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic was the weakening of community food security as a result of policies to reduce work activities outside the home which aims to prevent the spread of the virus as a result of the reduced activity so far having to be outside the home. For this reason, efforts are needed to meet the daily needs of the community that can be done without activities outside the home. The problem that exists is the lack of public knowledge about how to fulfill food needs. The utilization of land around the house can be used as a solution to this problem, namely by growing organic vegetables that can be used to meet daily food needs.
UNIVERSITY-SCHOOL PARTNERSHIP IN ACHIEVING THE VISION OF INDONESIA 2045 THROUGH RESEARCH TRAINING ON HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Hasanatuludhhiyah Nurina , D’ Arqom Annette , Purba Abdul Khairul Rizki , Visuddho Visuddho , Widiatmaja Deandra Maharani , Rahmanto Ilham , Permana Putu Bagus Dharma
Published: April 2022

Universities participate in realizing Indonesia's vision 2045 “The Indonesians who are excellent, civilized, and mastering science technology, to bring Indonesia as the center of science technology development in the Asia and the world”. It would need intense effort and synergy, considering the science literacy of Indonesian students was ranked the 10th lowest out of 79 countries in 2018. The innovation capacity is ranked 74 out of 141 countries.  Research is an essential activity, encouraging the development of science technology. Research competency should be honed by high school students as part of scientific inquiry. Therefore, this community service was carried out in collaboration with FORISMA FK UNAIR, aimed to increase students’ understanding of the urgency, stages, and procedures of research as well as increase interest in research activities. It was also intended to develop their skills to compile and present research proposals. The partner was Raudlatul Jannah High School Sidoarjo. It was implemented through workshops, coaching, and presentations followed by the teachers and 11th-grade students.  The whole activity successfully improved students' knowledge. Increased knowledge score was obtained in 83% of participants. The pre-test evaluation showed 88% of participants had poor knowledge, whilst post-test evaluations were predominantly good. This community service increased students’ interest in research and changed their perceptions of research’s importance. This improved students' capability to identify research problems, search and compile scientific references as a basis for building hypotheses and conceptual frameworks, and determine research methods. The four groups of students were able to produce research proposals of sufficient quality and were able to present and discuss them in the forum. This community service was perceived to help the school in the implementation of curriculum, especially in science literacy. The school was committed to deepening students' knowledge and skills in the field of scientific research by providing research project modules. This community service is part of the contribution of higher education to the achievement of the vision of Indonesia 2045. This can be a model of scientific inquiry learning in secondary education, thus it is necessary to be implemented in other high schools.
EARLY DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER AT PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER IN REJOSO, NGANJUK
Authors: Mastutik Gondo , Mustokoweni Sjahjenny
Published: April 2022

The objective was to convey knowledge about procedures for early detection of breast cancer and screening of breast cancer as an effort to reduce the number of cases of advanced breast cancer. The activity was held at the Public Health Center in Rejoso, Nganjuk and was attended by 71 participants. The participants' understanding was measured by a questionnaire containing questions about breast cancer risk factors and knowledge about breast cancer. Questionnaires were given as pre-test and post-test. After attending the lecture presentation, there was an increase in understanding of 11%. Participants in this activity based on the risk factors of not having children and x-ray radiation, all of them do not have a risk of developing breast cancer. Furthermore, based on data on breastfeeding less than 6 months, aged more than 25 years, had a tumor in the breast, and had a family suffering from breast cancer, the participants in this activity had a risk of breast cancer that were 16.67%, 88.1%, 7.14%, and 14.29% respectively.This activity can increase public understanding of procedures for early detection of breast cancer so that people can carry out breast self-examinations at home every month. In this activity, participants can perform breast examinations by medical personnel so that they can help the community to carry out free breast examinations at community health centers.
VETIVER ROOT PLANTING FOR PREVENTION AND MITIGATION OF LANDSLIDES IN DISASTER-PRONE AREAS, NGANJUK, EAST JAVA
Authors: Utariani Arie , Sulistiawan Soni Sunarso , Hamzah Hamzah , Waloedjo Christrijogo Soemartono , Abbas Kun Arifi , Wirabuana Belindo , Husain Teuku Aswin , Ibrahim Maulana Hanif , Armando Alivery Raihanda
Published: April 2022

Landslide is the transfer of slope-forming material in the form of rocks, debris, soil moving down or out of the slope. Geolologically, landslides are a geological phenomenon with a movement of land such as falling rocks or large lumps of land (Nandi, 2007). The majority of Nganjuk Regency, East Java, is at high risk of landslides. Reporting from Tirto.id news on February 19, 2021, there was a landslide in Ngetos Subdistrict, Nganjuk which claimed many victims. Nineteen people died, 20 were injured and 10 houses were severely damaged. Ngetos village is the largest village with the most populous population in Nganjuk. Unit of Natural Disease Support from Faculty of Medicine, Community Service Team of the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga in collaboration with the Center of Environmental Health Engineering and Disease Control (BBTKLPP) Surabaya in efforts to overcome landslide disasters that occurred in Nganjuk. Assistance provided includes medical assistance and environmental development as one of the disaster mitigation efforts. One of the mitigation measures carried out through this activity is reforestation by planting vetiver roots. Vetiver Roots are known as landslide prevention plants because their roots can reach depths soil of down to 5 meters. One of the causes of landslides is the lack of vegetation on the ground so it is prone to movement, especially if it rains heavily because there is no anchoring. Therefore, this activity is considered important to prevent repeated landslides.
MAKING DENTAL AND ORAL CARE LITERACY DURING A PANDEMIC AS COMMUNITY SERVICE
Authors: Ridwan Rini Devijanti , Rianti Devi , Luthfimaidah Mahela Sefrian , Fardha Dimas Rudianto
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) has been spread fast so World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. In Indonesia, data from the first patience until October 2021, this pandemic has infected more than four million Indonesians citizen, soon after government made policies for people to stay at home if there is no urgent need to leave the house. Transmission of COVID-19 which is through droplets and airborne causing contact from people to other should be limited if it is not necessary, as well as in conditions of fulfilling dental and oral care needs. The main transmission conditions through droplets like this cause health workers, especially the dentistry sector to be at high risk for infected by COVID-19, because dentists must have direct contact with the patients oral cavity who may also have become carriers of COVID-19, this can be done through direct contact with saliva, patient's blood and can also be caused by touch a tool or object which surfaces has been contaminated by this virus. Although it is recommended not to go to dentist for treatment, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) still give recommendations to patient to be treated for emergency cases. So education and literacy are needed to increase public knowledge about what cases included to an emergency cases, how to go or get treatment in dental and oral health needs during the pandemic, so that people can still get treatment if they are in a condition that is really needed.
ATTEMPTS TO IMPROVE HOSPITAL PREPAREDNESS IN DEALING WITH THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Dhamanti Inge , Nurhaida Ida , Rachman Taufik , Muhamad Rosediani
Published: April 2022

The rapid development of the corona virus has caused many positive cases to be confirmed both globally and nationally. The development of COVID-19 cases that continues to grow requires every hospital to always strive to improve hospital preparedness. One of the tools that can be used to improve hospital preparedness is the Rapid Hospital Readiness Checklist developed by WHO. Based on the background of this community service activity, it aims to assist hospitals in conducting self-assessment through the development of applications related to hospital preparedness in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. This community service method is divided into two, namely, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) which aims to obtain information needed for application development and socialization which aims to practice application use. The presence of this application was welcomed by hospitals and related service units because it can help make it easier to fill out a checklist related to hospital preparedness. So with this application, it is hoped that it can help hospitals and stakeholders in efforts to improve hospital preparedness.
EDUCATION PROGRAM AND FACILITY IMPROVEMENT FOR PERSONAL HYGIENE AT PONDOK PESANTREN METAL MUSLIM, PASURUAN
Authors: Sulistyawati Sri Wijayanti , Kartikasari Dwi Peni , Rossyanti Lynda , Arwati Heny , Nugroho M. Yasin Fitri , Amalia Frista , Nugraha Bagus Dwi , Izzati Awwaliyah Azmi
Published: April 2022

This community service activity was carried out with the partner of the Muslim Metal Islamic Boarding School, Pasuruan. This activity aims to improve the habits of clean and healthy living behavior (personal hygiene. The activities offered include examination of intestinal parasitic infections for residents of the Muslim Metal Islamic Boarding School, counseling on intestinal parasitic infections and personal hygiene and improvement of PHBS facilities. The counselling given is about various kinds of parasites that cause intestinal infections, transmission of intestinal parasitic infections, and how to prevent intestinal parasitic infections by implementing personal hygiene (PHBS). By knowing about intestinal parasites and how they are transmitted, be expected that they will be able to avoid infection with intestinal parasites by practicing PHBS discipline.
Moringa oleifera leaf extract restored the diameter and epithelium thickness of the seminiferous tubules of rat (Rattus norvegicus) injected with gentamicin
Authors: Mardatillah Meidy , Wurlina Wurlina , Yudaniayanti Ira Sari , Primarizky Hardany , Plumeriastuti Hani , Hamid Iwan Sahrial
Published: April 2022

This research aims to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) on the diameter and epithelium thickness of the seminiferous tubules of rats induced with gentamicin. This study used 25 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 8-12 weeks with 150-200 grams body weight. Negative control group (C-) was injected with aquadest and given 0.5% Na-CMC orally, positive control group (C+) was induced with gentamicin injection of 5 mg/kg BW/day and given 0.5% Na-CMC orally, while groups T1, T2, and T3 were induced with gentamicin at the same dose and treated orally with MLE of 200, 316, 500 mg/kg BW/day. Analysis of variance showed significant differences and further analysis using Duncan Multiple Range Test showed difference in each group. The results showed that treatment with MLE of 500 mg/kg BW/day improved the diameter and epithelium thickness of the seminiferous tubules of rats injected with gentamicin. It could be concluded that MLE restored the diameter and epithelium thickness of the seminiferous tubules of rats induced with gentamicin.
Strategies to functionalize extracellular vesicles against HER2 for anticancer activity
Authors: Gurrieri Elena , D’Agostino Vito Giuseppe
Published: April 2022

Cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous particles highly heterogeneous in size and molecular cargo. Comprehensively, released EV sub-populations can show a wide range and selection of different protein, RNA, and lipid species, complementing cell communication signals. Recently, EVs represent a new source for developing targeted delivery systems. EVs are stable in biofluids, intrinsically biocompatible with low immunogenicity, and capable of transferring cargo molecules into “recipient” cells. The immune-mediated recognition represents a popular approach to functionalize and direct EVs towards receptor-positive cell populations. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, also known as neu or ERBB2) is a tyrosine kinase of clinical relevance, targeted by several available antibodies, and a model receptor used to test the biodistribution and anticancer activity of bioformulations, including EVs. Here, we focus on recent strategies adopted for EV functionalization with fusion ligands able to recognize HER2, covering the enhanced expression of membrane-fusion proteins in “EV-donor” cells as well as post-isolation EV-surface modifications.
An intriguing canting dipole configuration and its evolution under an electric field in La-doped Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 perovskites
Authors: Gao Botao , Liu Hui , Zhou Zhengyang , Xu Ke , Qi He , Deng Shiqing , Ren Yang , Sun Junliang , Huang Houbing , Chen Jun
Published: April 2022

Despite the fact that electric dipole ordering plays a key role in the unique physical properties of dielectric materials, electric dipole configurations mostly appear simply as either parallel or antiparallel. Here, we report a canting electric dipole configuration in La-doped Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 perovskites based on advanced neutron, synchrotron X-ray and three-dimensional electron diffraction techniques. It is revealed that, arising from the coupling between the atomic displacement and oxygen octahedral tilting, this unique electric dipole configuration displays a canting arrangement aligned in the (110)p plane that possesses an antiparallel component along the [110]P direction and a parallel component along the [001]P direction. Remarkably, under an in-situ electric field, the electric dipoles continuously rotate with a gradually reduced canting angle, as confirmed by phase-field simulations, and ultimately evolve into a ferroelectric ordering. Such an evolution gives rises to a small hysteresis and an equivalent lattice strain to the macroscopic strain. These findings enrich the current understanding of the types of electric dipole configurations in dielectric materials and are expected to aid the design of new dielectric materials with emergent properties.
Remote monitoring of chronic noncommunicable diseases: potential in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kobyakova O. S. , Deev I. A. , Tyufilin D. S. , Alexandrov G. O. , Kulikov E. S.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To review the current progress in the use of remote health monitoring (RHM) technologies for chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCD).

To search for data, we used Web of Science, Scopus, Russian Science Citation Index, Academic Search Complete (EBSCO), Cochrain, and PubMed databases. The date range was 5–10 years. The importance of development of RHM technologies and their further study was shown to confirm the evidence of effect of certain RHM systems.

New approaches to the integration of the medical community into the international telemedicine strategy are considered. It was established that RHM can potentially decrease treatment costs and reduce the burden on medical organizations. The review analyzes the experience in using RHM in patients with cardiovascular diseases, as well as respiratory and endocrine disorders. The review also summarizes and systematizes the findings of studies on assessing the effectiveness of RHM technologies in clinical practice, including their use in the COVID-19 pandemic.

It is noted that despite high interest of the scientific community in the study of RHM technologies, unambiguous results demonstrating the effectiveness of such developments in clinical practice have not been presented.
Molecular genetic markers of QT interval duration and sudden cardiac death: literature review
Authors: Nesterets A. M. , Maksimov V. N.
Published: April 2022

The study of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and its etiopathogenesis in cardiology practice remains one of the most pressing public health problems. In Western countries, SCD accounts for 20% of the total mortality and 50% of mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases. Considering the electrical instability in the myocardium as one of the main reasons for the development of life-threatening arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia / ventricular fibrillation) and SCD, one should be aware of such provoking factors as ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, valvular heart disease, pharmacological influences, cardiomyopathy, and channelopathy. An increase or decrease in the duration of the QT interval, which reflects the work of ion channels, as well as ventricular depolarization and repolarization, increases the risk of SCD.

The aim of this review was to study and analyze the available literature data on the relationship of molecular genetic markers with the duration of the QT interval.

Currently, there is a number of genetic studies that allow to identify a large number of mutations and polymorphisms of known genes that affect the variability of the QT interval, showing their significance in risk stratification of sudden arrhythmic death and choosing the right tactics for managing, preventing, and treating patients, thus reducing the risk of SCD. The predictive value of genetic testing is the highest for long QT syndrome (LQTS), for which a gene-specific risk profile has been established, and lower for other channelopathies. A large amount of genetic data may be a promising approach to quantifying the risk of SCD, especially at a young age, which will be facilitated by further study of this problem.
Pathogenetic mechanisms of postmenopausal osteoporosis formation and their relationship with cardiovascular pathology
Authors: Poryadin G. V. , Zakhvatov A. N. , Samarina D. V.
Published: April 2022

Involutional hormonal processes characteristic of the postmenopause are accompanied by disorders that deteriorate the quality of life in the female population and lead to an increased risk of developing metabolic diseases of the bones and cardiovascular system. In modern medicine, it is extremely important to understand the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) in association with cardiovascular diseases, which are the main causes of mortality in the population.

This review is devoted to determining the key aspects of the pathogenesis of PMO and identifying their relationships with cardiovascular pathology. Epidemiological data are assessed, the main mechanisms of PMO and vascular pathology development are considered, the fundamental role of hormone deficiency, immune dysregulation disorders, and disorders of macrophage polarization is described, and data on the association between the pathogenesis links of the studied pathological processes are analyzed.

The obtained data will form a unified approach to reducing the growing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and complications of PMO and contribute to the development of new research areas in disease prevention.
Serum level of laminin in rats fed with a high-fat diet with sulodexide administration
Authors: Gileva O. G. , Butolin E. G. , Tereshchenko M. V.
Published: April 2022

Background. Increased consumption of animal fat with food contributes to the accumulation of lipids both in the blood and in individual cell structures. Excess fat initiates oxidative stress reactions, which may result in a violation of the structural and functional integrity of cells, in particular, hepatocytes and endotheliocytes. Cytolysis may release specific liver enzymes and activate synthesis of extracellular matrix components, one of the markers of which is a non-collagen glycoprotein laminin.

The drug sulodexide, having a pronounced angioprotective, hypolipidemic, and fibrinolytic effects, contributes to restoration of a number of metabolic disorders.

Aim. To study the content of lipid metabolism parameters, major enzymes of hepatic cytolysis, and laminin in the blood of rats fed with a high-fat diet against the background of sulodexide administration.

Materials and methods. For the study, outbred rats were selected, which were divided into three groups – two experimental groups and one control group. The rats of the first and second experimental groups were fed with a diet with a high content of animal fat (44% of the daily calorie content) for 35 days. In addition, the rats of the second experimental group were daily subcutaneously injected with sulodexide at a dose of 8.5 LRU / kg in terms of the animal’s body weight for 35 days. Starting from day 36 of the experiment, the rats of the control group, as well as the rats of the two experimental groups were fed with a standard diet of the vivarium. The animals were decapitated and blood was taken on day 21, 35, and 60 of the experiment. In the blood serum, the levels of the main lipid metabolism parameters, specific liver enzymes, and laminin were determined.

Results. An increase in the body weight of animals and the level of the studied lipid metabolism parameters in the blood serum was revealed. It is likely that the structural integrity of hepatocytes was affected with the release of liver enzymes into the bloodstream and an increase in their content in the blood of rats. In addition, synthesis of extracellular matrix components was activated with an increase in the serum level of laminin, which performs important structural and regulatory functions.

Conclusion. The use of sulodexide had a favorable effect on the studied metabolic disorders caused by a high-fat diet. It resulted in the normalization of the synthesis of laminin, one of the major non-collagen proteins of the extracellular matrix.
Effect of β-blocker therapy on the level soluble ST2 protein in the blood serum in patients with heart failure with preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Grakova E. V. , Kopeva K. V. , Teplyakov A. T. , Soldatenko M. V. , Suslova T. E. , Kalyuzhin V. V.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To study the prognostic value of high serum concentration of soluble ST2 protein (sST2) in the development of cardiovascular events after endovascular myocardial revascularization and the possibility of using this biomarker as a target for β-blocker therapy in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with preserved (HFpEF) and mildly reduced (HFmrEF) left ventricular ejection fraction.

Materials and methods. The study included 72 patients (aged 57–69 years, 81.94% were men) with class I–III CHF of ischemic etiology with HFpEF and HFmrEF. The patients were admitted to the cardiology department for endovascular myocardial revascularization. Before myocardial revascularization, serum concentrations of sST2 and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in all patients were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Doses of β-blockers used in all patients were recalculated into a total daily dose equivalent to metoprolol succinate. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the median equivalent dose of metoprolol succinate (“high” ≥ 100 mg / day and “low” < 100 mg / day).

Results. In patients of group 1, the serum concentration of sST2 was 30.7% higher (p < 0.001) than in patients of group 2 (40.26 [34.39; 48.92] ng /ml and 27.9 [23.05; 35.27] ng / ml, respectively), the serum NT-proBNP level in group 1 was 22.8% higher (p = 0.049) than in group 2 (167 [129; 330] ng / ml vs. 129 [125; 147] ng / ml, respectively). In patients receiving an equivalent dose of metoprolol succinate < 100 mg / day, the incidence of cardiovascular events was 34% higher (p = 0.002) than in patients receiving an equivalent dose of metoprolol succinate ≥ 100 mg/day. The ROC analysis showed that serum sST2 level ≥ 34.18 ng / ml (sensitivity 78.0%, specificity 90.0%, area under the curve (AUC) 0.906; p < 0.0001) predicts a high risk of cardiovascular events within one year. However, the serum NT-proBNP level was not an informative predictor of cardiovascular events. 

Conclusion. It was confirmed that increased sST2 serum concentration has high prognostic value in the development of cardiovascular events within a year after endovascular myocardial revascularization. The possibility of using this biomarker as a target for β-blocker therapy in patients with HFpHF and HFmrEF was substantiated. Aggressive use of β-blockers in the group of patients with HFpEF and HFmrEF and sST2 overexpression is preferable in order to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events.
Polymorphisms of candidate genes determining the clinical and hemostasiological characteristics of endocarditis of various etiology
Authors: Bakhareva Y. S. , Maksimov V. N. , Ivanova A. A. , Chapaeva N. N. , Aidagulova S. V. , Voevoda M. I.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To investigate polymorphisms of 18 genes as possible molecular genetic markers of predisposition or resistance to development of non-infective (NE) or infective endocarditis (IE).

Materials and methods. The study encompassed 81 patients with NE and 94 patients with IE. The control group included 225 conditionally healthy people. Polymorphisms of 18 genes were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results. For the first time, a statistically significant relationship was identified between gene polymorphisms and valvular vegetations: for genes in the hemostatic system – rs6025 (1691 G > A) of the F5 gene (AG genotype), rs1126643 (807 C > T) of the ITGA2 gene (TT genotype); for folate pathway genes – rs1805087 (2756 A > G) of the MTR gene (AG genotype) and rs11697325 (–8202 A/G) of the MMP9 gene (AA genotype) and rs2476601 (C1858T) of the PTPN22 gene (TT genotype). The protective effect of gene polymorphisms was revealed: for the NOS3 gene (4b / 4b genotype) and G (–572) C of the IL6 gene (CC genotype). For two polymorphisms, an association with thromboembolic complications in NE was revealed: rs1126643 (807 C > T) of the ITGA2 gene and rs1799889 (–675 5G > 4G) of the PAI (SERPINE1) gene. In IE, such an association was detected for the polymorphism rs11697325 (–8202 A/G) of the MMP-9 gene.

Conclusion. The polymorphisms of candidate genes were revealed, that are associated with the clinical and hemostasiological characteristics of IE and NE. In NE, for the first time, the association with thromboembolic complications was identified for two polymorphisms: rs1126643 (807 C > T) of the ITGA2 gene and rs1799889 (– 675 5G > 4G) of the PAI-1 (SERPINE1) gene. In IE, such a relationship was detected for one polymorphism – rs11697325 (8202 A/G) of the MMP-9 gene.
Assessment of the functions of cultured lymphocytes when exposed to drugs used in cosmetology
Authors: Kudrevich Y. V. , Kuznetsova E. K. , Dolgushin I. I. , Ziganshin O. R.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to determine the number of lymphocytes, intracellular cytokines produced by lymphocytes, and the cell cycle of lymphocytes isolated from the blood of patients when exposed to various drugs, as well as to assess the functions of cultured lymphocytes when exposed to drugs in vivo and in vitro.

Materials and methods. The study involved lymphocytes isolated from the blood of healthy women under various conditions. At the first stage of the study, T-lymphocytes were isolated from the blood of patients before exposure to the drug. The absolute and relative lymphocyte count, the number of intracellular cytokines, and the cell cycle were determined.

At the second stage, the drugs were added to the nutrient medium, where lymphocytes isolated from the blood of patients who did not receive systemic drugs were cultured. The placental extract preparation was added to the lymphocytes isolated from the first group of patients, while the hyaluronic acid preparation was added to the lymphocytes isolated from the second group of patients.

At the third stage, the lymphocytes isolated from the blood of patients after systemic exposure to the placental extract preparation or hyaluronic acid preparation were isolated and cultured, after which the same lymphocyte parameters were determined.

Results. The number of T-lymphocytes increased with the systemic use of the placental extract and hyaluronic acid preparations and practically did not change compared with the baseline data, when these drugs were added to the nutrient medium. Placental extract and hyaluronic acid had a positive effect on the mitotic activity of cells; it is worth noting that the effect of placental extract was greater than that of hyaluronic acid. Both drugs did not have a negative effect on apoptosis of T-lymphocytes. Under the effect of placental extract, lymphocytes secreted more interleukins, which contributed to proliferation of keratinocytes.

Conclusion. The placental extract and hyaluronic acid preparations have a stimulating effect on keratinocytes. The placental extract preparation has a stimulating effect on T-lymphocytes after systemic exposure of the body to it.
The effect of systemic melatonin administration on the intensity of free radical damage to lipids and proteins in the burn wound in the dynamics of experimental thermal injury
Authors: Osikov M. V. , Ageeva A. A. , Ageev Yu. I. , Sinitsky A. I. , Shatrova Yu. M.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To assess the effect of melatonin (MT) on the content of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein oxidation (PO) products in the tissue homogenate from the burn wound in experimental thermal injury (TI).

Materials and methods. Third-degree (IIIA) TI with a relative area of 3.5% was modeled on male Wistar rats via contact of the skin with boiling water. Intraperitoneal administration of MT (10 mg / kg) was performed once a day for 5 days. On days 5, 10, and 20, LPO products in the heptane and isopropanol phases of lipid extraction and PO products were determined in the tissue homogenate from the burn wound.

Results. The content of secondary and end products of LPO in the heptane phase and end products in the isopropanol phase increased in the wound. The content of primary and secondary PO products of neutral nature increased on days 5, 10, and 20, and the level of secondary PO products of neutral nature elevated on days 10 and 20. Administration of MT reduced the content of LPO end products in the heptane phase, secondary and end products of LPO in the isopropanol phase, and the total amount of PO products due to primary and secondary products of neutral nature.

Conclusion. In the 20-day follow-up, LPO and PO products accumulated in the burn wound. The administration of MT at a total dose of 50 mg / kg led to reduction and partial restoration of the content of LPO and POM products, which can limit secondary alterations and accelerate healing of the burn wound.