bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Church diplomacy and inter-orthodox relations in the era of persecution: the experience of the holy Patriarch Tikhon
Authors: Mazyrin Aleksandr
Published: October 2024

Article on the views and actions of Patriarch Tikhon (Bellavin) of Moscow and All Russia in the field of Inter-Orthodox relations in 1917–1925. It is shown that this direction was not a priority for His Holiness Tikhon in the context of full-scale persecution of the Russian Orthodox Church, especially since he had minimal opportunities to maintain contacts with other Local Churches. Unlike the leaders of a number of other Churches (Constantinople, Romanian, etc.), St. Tikhon in his ministry was guided not by political or nationalist motives, but by spiritual, moral and pastoral ones, adhering to the evangelical and canonical norms of the Orthodox Church. He sought to resolve controversial issues peacefully and amicably (for example, in the case of Georgian autocephaly), but did not always meet with a reciprocal desire to act in the same way. He was alien to any kind of jurisdictional selfishness. The main thing for him was the preservation of loyalty to Orthodoxy on the part of the multinational flock of the Russian Church. This, in particular, determined his rejection of the idea of Polish autocephaly. The warmest relations under Patriarch Tikhon were with the Serbian and Antiochian Orthodox Churches. Most of all, problems arose in the Constantinople direction, due to the extreme politicization of the Fanar and its special tendency to trample on the moral and canonical norms of the Orthodox Church.
The German period of the priestly ministry of metropolitan Vitaly (Ustinov) (based on the materials of the archive of the German diocese of the Russian Church Abroad)
Authors: Bazanov Varfolomey
Published: October 2024

The article explores the activities of the future Metropolitan Vitaly (Ustinov) on the territory of the German diocese on the basis of the archives of the German diocese. The German diocese was for the future Fourth First Hierarch the place, where his formation as a clergyman took place. The post-war German diocese, where Father Vitaly arrived from Ladomirovo, was an integral large structure, divided into four zones: Father Vitaly served in the northern part of Germany (the North-German-Vicariate). The article describes the forced relocation of Hieromonk Vitaly from Berlin to Hamburg during bombings and shelling; The article presents the problems Father Vitaly faced in Hamburg: saving Russian migrants from forced repatriation, organising various courses, pastoral care. The parish structure in Germany was the place where the revolutionary and post-war waves of emigration merged. Father Vitaly showed breadth and wisdom in feeding different groups of migrants, including in the parish life representatives of different waves of migration, which later played a positive role in understanding the parishes’ role for the reception of late 20th century migrants, to open the possibility of interchurch dialogue. At the same time, the experience of clashing with Soviet structures in rescuing migrants from repatriation led to a wary attitude towards the structures and a willingness to confront them.
A Federative Model of the Church in Orthodox Theology
Authors: Ermilov Pavel
Published: October 2024

The author continues his study of the ways in which the political concept of federation is used to describe church organisation, this time taking as a basis the texts of Orthodox authors. These writers borrowed the idea of a federative structure of early Christian communities from Protestant historians of the 18th century and from subsequent works of Protestant scholars, for whom such notions became a component of the prevailing doctrine. In the writings of Russian theologians the concept of federation seems to have travelled the same path as in the West, having come into use against the background of a general fascination with political projections in theology and having lost its relevance under the influence of various criticisms. In Greek theology the picture turns out to be much more complex. In the course of the development of Greek historiography in the nineteenth century, federalism and democracy were declared to be the characteristic features of the model of organisation of the Eastern Christian Church, developed through the synthesis of the new religion and Hellenistic culture. In the twentieth century these ideas were revised. In modern Orthodox theology there is an agreement on the incorrectness of describing the Church using the concept of federation. Nevertheless, this image has come to be used as a polemical cliché in intra-Orthodox discussion, which is used to denote any form of rejection of the monocentric model of Church unity.
“They went out from us, but they did not belong to us”. On the history of renegading of the former theologian Alexander Osipov
Authors: Prilutskii Alexander , Firsov Sergey
Published: October 2024

The publication is dedicated to the reaction of the student of the Leningrad Theological Seminary, priest Vasily Zavodchikov (1924–2008) to the renunciation of religion and the Church, announced in December 1959, the Orthodox theologian, former professor of the Leningrad theological schools and former archpriest Alexander Alexandrovich Osipov (1911–1967). In December 1959, priest Vasily Zavodchikov wrote and sent an «Open Letter» to A. A. Osipov, in which he tried to explain that Osipov’s public departure from the Church was not only a betrayal of Orthodoxy, but also his deep moral error. The letter, emotional in form and not entirely literary, should be considered as an important historical and socio-psychological document that allows us to better understand the era of the «Khrushchev Thaw”, which became a time of new persecution for the Church. In addition, this publication presents materials regarding the renegadeness of A. A. Osipov, compiled by Father Vasily in 1999, and now also a historical document that allows us to evaluate the psychology of perception of what happened in 1959 by a clergyman who survived the times of the atheism and assessed Soviet atheism from the point of view of new, «post-Soviet» realities.
Church and State development in the Eastern Caucasus in the second half of the 19th century (based on the sermons of archpriest Nikolai Kotlyarevsky)
Authors: Gazieva Abidat
Published: October 2024

The study of confessional issues in the Eastern Caucasus, using the example of the activities of Archpriest N.V. Kotlyarevsky, the study is devoted to, it examines the issues of moral development of the Orthodox population of the Eastern Caucasus, the ideological role of clergy in matters of family and marriage, and public service. The Orthodox clergy in the Caucasus was an integral part, the base for the implementation of the Caucasian policy in the region. The integration component of the Caucasian policy has become a priority, especially in the period from the 1930s. XIX century, when as a result of acculturation processes there was a change in management vectors - from the military-political subordination of the region to its development, by means of involvement in the trade, economic, cultural field of the empire, and the formation of a socio-cultural space. Acculturation processes, both state and domestic, came to the forefront of state policy in the region. The paper highlights the issues of the place and role of the Orthodox clergy in the spread of education in the region, charitable activities, especially in the second half of the 19th century, which was due to the influx of the empire's resettlement policy into the region. The Orthodox clergy of the Caucasus became the conductor of the state acculturation of the region, supervising the issues of matrimonial ties, the revival of Orthodoxy, its spread in the region, the value orientations of family and marriage, as well as state initiatives and practices in the Eastern Caucasus.
Challenges of arranging help for wounded and sick Russian and Serbian soldiers on the Salonika front (1916–1917)
Authors: Shevtsova Galina
Published: October 2024

Both the Russian and Serbian armies faced challenges with arranging medical support for their soldiers on the Salonika front. Upon agreement with the allies, assistance to both Russian and Serbian wounded and sick soldiers was to be provided by the French government. This did not work for the Serbian Military Medical Department which had made significant efforts to establish its own infirmaries and hospitals on the Salonika Front since 1916. By the summer of 1916, they had three army hospitals, then four by the fall of the same year. The Russian headquarters followed suite, relying on the already existing Russian medical institutions (the Piraeus Hospital and the St. Demetrius of Thessaloniki Hospital in Thessaloniki). The necessary funds were allocated by the Russian Red Cross Society Administration. Helping the Russian headquarters to overcome challenges connected with medical care for Russian soldiers, Russian imperial diplomats also monitored the issues of helping the Serbs: a sanitary detachment of the Petrograd Slavic Charity was sent to the Salonika Front (senior medical officer Y. I. Chabrov). His fate fully reflected the changed balance of power in the Balkans. Neither the Serbian nor the French government arranged independent sanitary detachments reporting only to Petrograd. They wanted to have full control over the situation. The author concludes that the challenges of medical care for both Russian and Serbian wounded soldiers on the Salonika front were related to the weakening of Russia’s authority in the international arena and the depletion of its resources, including financial ones.
What did the Vatican think about the religious revival in the occupied territory of the USSR in 1942
Authors: Beglov Alexey , Tokareva Evgenia
Published: October 2024

The publication introduces documents characterising the Vatican’s perception of religious processes in the occupied territories of the USSR that took place in 1941-1942. The main of them – “Memorandum on the Religious Situation in Russia” - was drawn up in the General Curia of the Society of Jesus (Jesuit Order) and sent to the Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs in May 1942. It presents a sketch of the information available to the Vatican about religious sentiments in the occupied territories of the Soviet Union. On the basis of this information, it is concluded that the anti-religious policy of the Soviet authorities had collapsed and that since the turn of the 1930s and 1940s there had been a religious revival in the USSR, witnessed by Catholic chaplains who had entered its territory at the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War. From the point of view of the author of the note, this provides a unique chance for the unfolding of a Catholic mission in Soviet Russia. The author puts forward specific proposals necessary, in his opinion, for the deployment of this mission. In particular, he proposes the creation of a special body to supervise missionary activity, as well as the involvement of lay people in mission.
Main activities of Ufa regional branch of the Red Cross society in the late 19th — early 20th centuries
Authors: Pavlova Oksana
Published: October 2024

The article considers the main activities of the Ufa local branch of the Russian Red Cross Society in the late XIX – early XX centuries. As a result of the research, the author came to the conclusion that through the efforts of the Ufa local department, measures were taken that contributed to a positive solution of social and economic problems in the region. The Ufa local department provided material assistance to the population in difficult lean years, during epidemics. Also, at the initiative of this organization, in addition to the existing ones, new medical centers were opened, qualified training of junior medical personnel in the person of nurses was conducted. These measures contributed to the timely provision of assistance not only to the sick, but also to soldiers injured on the battlefields. The initiative of the Ufa local branch organized a collection of donations, the funds of which were used to provide necessary material assistance not only to the population of the region, but also to the residents of other cities of the empire who needed it.Of particular importance were the activities of the Ufa local branch of the Russian Red Cross Society and the Alexandrinsky Community of Sisters of Mercy during the war years. Among the key events was the collection of donations for the creation of infirmaries and material assistance in the form of one-time allowances for wounded and maimed soldiers. Special attention should also be paid to the fact that, on the initiative of the Ufa local branch, staging hospitals were organized and sent to the active army, where a number of nurses who worked selflessly were presented with awards. The author also came to the conclusion that at the initial stage of the First World War, in the conditions of a powerful patriotic upsurge, there was an intensification of the work of the Russian Red Cross Society both nationwide and on the territory of the Ufa province. This trend is marked by an increase in the number of members of the society and a significant increase in monetary allocations to its fund. However, due to the protracted nature of the war and the growing crisis phenomena within the country, by 1917 the amount of donations had significantly decreased, which significantly complicated the further activities of the Society, both nationwide and at the regional level.
PARA LÁ DAS IDEOLOGIAS E DOS SLOGANS, A PERSISTÊNCIA DO HOMEM GRANDE NOS SUCESSIVOS REGIMES POLÍTICOS EM SÃO TOMÉ E PRÍNCIPE
Authors: Nascimento Augusto
Published: October 2024

Nalguns países africanos, as ditaduras evoluíram, no sentido de se adaptarem às condições políticas do pós-Guerra Fria e ao multipartidarismo. No tocante a São Tomé e Príncipe, importará saber como e por que é que se parece tender para creditar virtudes às governações personalistas, potencial, embora não necessariamente, de pulso forte e autoritário.
First record of Phytomyza rufipes Meigen, 1830 (Diptera, Agromyzidae) affecting Canola in Uruguay
Authors: Cibils-Stewart Ximena , Stewart Silvina , Álvarez Alejandro , Giambiasi Mario
Published: October 2024

The leafminer Phytomyza rufipes Meigen, 1830 (Diptera, Agromyzidae) is an oligophagous pest of plants of the family Cruciferae. These include Canola, Brassica napus L. We report the record of P. rufipes in Uruguay, which is conﬁrmed through molecular characterization using DNA barcoding. Characteristic dam-age symptoms and immature stages of the pest were ﬁrst conﬁrmed on a Canola crop in Flores, Uruguay.
The Case Against Theism: Why the Evidence Disproves God’s Existence, by Raphael Lataster
Authors: Coltri Marzia A
Published: October 2024

The Case Against Theism: Why the Evidence Disproves God’s Existence, by Raphael Lataster. Springer Verlag, 2018. Hb. 322pp. £79.99. ISBN-13: 9783319907925
Selling Natural Laws
Authors: Bernard Léo
Published: October 2024

This article describes the French naturist milieu of the early 1950s. In line with the questions raised by this special issue, I focus on the commercial structures of naturism, such as the selling of natural products and foods and the renting of bungalows and camping pitches, and on its “guiding function,” namely the rationalization of the irrational through the use of the concept of natural laws and the injunctions stemming out these laws. Based on this case study, I invite the reader to rethink the categorizations of “religion” and “business” by considering what underpins them.
The Co-constitution of Bad Religion and Unethical Sales
Authors: Gaitanidis Ioannis
Published: October 2024

Legal decisions surrounding activities associated with beliefs often described as “religious” usually conflate with laws and regulations that delineate other aspects of the context in which such activities occur. For example, transactions with psychics or fortune tellers usually need to abide by general consumer protection laws. In this article, I argue that controversies surrounding frauds and other troubles occurring during such transactions point to the equation “bad religion=unethical sales.” To explain my argument, I first compare the rise of “spiritual sales” as a legal category in Japan in the last 35 years, to British regulations of mediumship. I then proceed to locate the emotion of “fear” at the centre of debates about the appropriateness of these laws for consumer protection. I end up concluding that “spiritual sales” are yet another example in which, today, the consumer’s negative feelings have become the basis for claims of illegality, in contrast to how positive feelings are proof of sincerity and transparency.
The Theosophical Society as a Pioneering Spiritual Enterprise
Authors: Rudbøg Tim
Published: October 2024

The Theosophical Society became one of the first both open and global occult organizations. Supported only by small membership fees and donations, it nevertheless became a success, establishing headquarters in India and local lodges around the world. After the first schism in the 1890s, the separate organizations equally thrived for a while. Due to the initial success, the Theosophical Society influenced the wider culture, setting an early standard for “occulture,” the pop-cultural devotion to the occult, which is now a billion-dollar industry. Later, organizations would serve as links to an even wider and more innovative spread of theosophical ideas, such as the idea of the mahatmas. This wider popularization would eventually lead to numerous products related to the mahatmas and to an emergence of new businesses demonstrating how already established market structures have been instrumental for the propagation of Theosophical ideas beyond the Theosophical Society.
Contemporary Tibetan Monastic Business and the Corporate Form
Authors: Caple Jane
Published: October 2024

In early twenty-first century Tibet, many Geluk monasteries established capital funds that they invested in small businesses—the Geluk being one of the main Tibetan Buddhist traditions. Drawing on fieldwork in northeast Tibet, this article examines debates surrounding this monastic engagement in business, asking why it proved contentious despite historical and canonical precedent. I approach this question by thinking about monastic business engagement in relation to Geluk monasticism as a distinctive corporate form. Foregrounding how monks made sense of what they were doing as corporate actors, I examine common rationales, concerns, and questions of legitimacy at the heart of arguments both for and against monastic business development, and how these related to the monastic corporation’s core concern with preservation and continuity. The article concludes with some broader reflections on what these debates can tell us about the ongoing process of corporation-making, suggesting some possible avenues for future research.
Business Spirits
Authors: Gaitanidis Ioannis , Christopher Stephen
Published: October 2024

What are the co-making processes that blur the boundaries between religion and economy? How can we move past misleading metaphors and analogies that reify the false distinction between sacred and secular or that frame religion as pure essences corrupted by financialization? Inspired by McLaughlin et al.’s (2020) call for increased attention to the “corporate form of religion,” we outline how common social structural and aspirational elements undergird shared processes of both religion-making and corporation-making. Drawing on ethnographic and historical data from contributing authors to this Special Issue, we hypothesize that the reification of religion and business is context dependent, benefits regimes of power, and is open to contestation; and that some intentional communities, purposeful or not, have from their inception been understood as neither religious nor corporate. We marshal global data from diverse case studies to explore the modes of relatedness between religions and corporations, on the one hand, and the context-specific boundary-making practices that reify a false binary, on the other.
Notes of an English Bread Enthusiast
Authors: Greenland Jan
Published: October 2024

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Janet Long-Solís and Luis Alberto Vargas: Food Culture in Mexico
Authors: Jaine Tom
Published: October 2024

Janet Long-Solís and Luis Alberto Vargas: Food Culture in Mexico: ISBN 031332431X:194pp.
Daniel E Moerman: Native American Ethnobotany
Authors: Lyman-Dixon Anthony
Published: October 2024

Daniel E Moerman: Native American Ethnobotany: Timber Press: ISBN 0881924539: 927pp, $79.95.
Chapter III
Authors: Al-Karīm Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan Ibn
Published: October 2024

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Chapter VI
Authors: Al-Karīm Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan Ibn
Published: October 2024

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Chapter VIII
Authors: Al-Karīm Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan Ibn
Published: October 2024

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The Book of Dishes
Authors: Al-Karīm Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan Ibn
Published: October 2024

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Strength analysis of vena saphena magna as a material for для autoprosthesis of arteries
Authors:   Gomel State Medical University, Lyzikov Aleksei , Shilko Sergei ,   Metal-Polymer Research Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Drobysh Tatyana , Kaplan Mark , Tsikhmanovich Victor , Kulikovich Yuliya
Published: October 2024

The mechanical tests of saphenous veins on static tension have been carried out. Significant factors affecting the strength of the vein are the varicose vein transformation and thickness of the vascular wall. The ultimate strength of samples without varicose transformation is significantly (0.9 MPа) higher than that of veins with varicose transformation and the increasing in the thickness walls by 1 mm decreases this parameter by 3.9 MPa. At the same time, the minimum values of ultimate strength the for both groups was more than 0.4 MPa (3000 mm Hg), which allow us to use the veins for prosthesis of the arterial bed. As a plastic material, it is advisable to use varicose veins with a vascular wall thickness (double) less than 0.35 mm, for unchanged veins this parameter should not exceed 0.58 mm. Also, our results indicate the absence of differences in the deformation and strength characteristics between the samples of the saphenous veins when stored in solutions of different chemical composition.
Effects of the Aerobic Exercise Types of the Same Amount of Exercise on the Energy Metabolism During Exercise and Recovery Phase
Authors: Kim Minji , An Keun-Ok , Ko Sung-Sik
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise types on energy metabolism during and after exercise under the same exercise volume conditions.METHODS Ten healthy men were randomly assigned to interval(IV), intermittent(IM), and continuous(CO) exercise, and the experiment was conducted at intervals of one week and consumed 300 kcal. The data were verified by repeated measurement one-way ANOVA, and contrast was conducted. The statistical significance level was set at α=0.05.RESULTS As a result of the study, first, among the energy metabolism variables during exercise, oxygen intake(VO2) was statistically significantly higher in the IM and CO exercise than in the IV exercise(p<0.001). The respiratory exchange rate(RER, p<0.001), energy consumption per minute(ECM, p<0.001), and carbohydrate consumption amount(CCA, p=0.013) were significantly higher in the IM exercise, but there was no statistically significant difference in the fat oxidation rate(FOR), fat consumption amount(FCA), and carbohydrate consumption rate(CCR). Second, there were statistically significant differences in EPOC(p<0.001), RER(p<0.001), and ECM(p<0.001) in the post-exercise recovery phase, among them, the highest in the IM exercise. In terms of FOR(p=0.002) and FCA(p=0.007), IV and CO exercise were significantly higher than IM exercise, and on the contrary, in terms of CCR(p=0.002) and CCA(p<0.001), IM exercise was higher than IV and CC exercise.CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, considering not only during exercise but also the recovery period after exercise, the intermittent exercise seems to have an advantage in increasing energy consumption while having a shorter exercise time than the other two under the condition of the same exercise amount.
On Reconstructing the Mountain Mythonymy of the Urals: The Masters of Underground Treasures
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Berezovich Elena L. , Ivanova Elena E. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg
Published: October 2024

This article analyses the mountain mythonymy of the Urals, i.e. names for supernatural anthropomorphic beings that guard treasures of the earth (minerals and metals) and aid (or interfere with) their discovery, extraction, and carving. Russian mountain mythology has already been studied by folklorists, but the linguistic aspect is only unfolding now. The material referred to in the article was collected during the 2020–2023 expeditions and retrieved from dictionaries, folklore texts, and fiction. The article mainly draws on the mythology and mythonymy of the Urals (as well as some zones of Siberia). The paper analyses the core nominations in the sphere of “genii loci” — mythonyms хозяин (khoziain, lit. ‘master’) and хозяйка (khoziaika, lit. ‘mistress’). The authors note that the images of the owners of the mountains and earth treasures originate in peasant beliefs about the spirits of natural loci which could have been supported by the corresponding mythological images that existed among indigenous Uralic peoples. In the Middle Urals, a mountain spirit usually takes a female form. The article traces the genesis of this image and explains its feminine nature. The authors compare the following two mythonyms: хозяйка (khoziaika) from folk legends and Хозяйка Медной горы (Khoziaika Mednoi Gory, lit. ‘Mistress of the Copper Mountain’) from Bazhov’s tales. The authors note that the widespread appreciation of Bazhov’s tales stands in the way of determining the direction in which the mythonym migrated (from the author’s tale into folk speech or vice versa). Хозяйка (Khoziaika) is the most widespread mountain mythonym which is found in the Middle Urals vocabulary and phraseology associated with the extraction and carving of minerals: коса хозяйки (kosa khoziaiki, lit. ‘the mistress’s plait’), слезы хозяйки (slezy khoziaiki, lit. ‘the mistress’s tears’), мастер от хозяйки (master ot khoziaiki, lit. ‘craftsman from the mistress’, ‘craftsman inspired by the mistress’), камень хозяйки (kamen’ khoziaiki, lit. ‘the mistress’s stone’), хозяйка зеркало разбила (khoziaika zerkalo razbila, lit. ‘the mistress broke the mirror’), etc. The legends of the Southern Urals more often feature the image of a master (хозяин). This may be explained by the influence of Tatar and Bashkir culture.
Name Day in Bulgaria in the Light of Ecclesiastical and Secular Practice
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Sedakova Irina A.
Published: October 2024

This article presents an ethnolinguistic analysis of the phenomenon of Bulgarian name days, which are experiencing a remarkable boom in the twenty-first century, supported by the mass media and the Internet. The article examines the origins of this holiday (family and ancestral ritual complexes dedicated to the patron saint, personal vows), characterises the ritualism of name days, timed to the dates of the church calendar in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The author also considers their modern state. The peculiarities of the Bulgarian name days and their differences from the Russian ones are described in detail: Bulgarians celebrate the name itself, there is no notion of an angel’s day, name days are celebrated not only on saints’ days, but also on major and minor church feasts. The peculiarities of the name day in Bulgaria are closely connected with the practice of naming, baptism and the specifity of the system of personal names. The transmission of the ancestral link through the repetition (“renewal”) of the name of older relatives (or its letter, syllable) for the name of grandchildren supports the idea of a family celebration and often dictates the choice of the name day. However, since a grandfather’s or grandmother’s name is changed according to fashion, parental preferences and other circumstances, there are variants of a different name day. In addition, the Bulgarian list of names is an open system, constantly replenished with neo-anthroponyms and loans, most of which are not represented in the church calendar but are used as baptismal names. The principles of the “selection” of the name day include the restoration of the original canonical name, the translation of borrowed names into Bulgarian, the interpretation of the semantics of the holiday, its epithets and the folk chrononym in order to find a connection with the anthroponym. The religious component of the name day is gradually receding into the background, leaving behind a predominantly secular celebration.
Commonitorium super nomine Caelestii of Marius Mercator as a Document of Papal Propaganda on the Eve of the Third Ecumenical Council of 431
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Gratsianskiy Mikhail V. ,   Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol
Published: October 2024

This article studies the Commonitorium super nomine Caelestii, an information note compiled by Marius Mercator, describing the participation of the Roman See in the condemnation of the heretics Pelagius and Caelestius, mainly during the pontificate of Pope Zosimus (417–418), and addressed to Emperor Theodosius II (408–450) and Patriarch Nestorius of Constantinople (428–431). The aim of the study is to identify the characteristics of Marius Mercator’s presentation of information on ecclesiastical and political events in the first quarter of the fifth century in the western part of the Roman Empire, and to clarify the reliability and comparative completeness of the information reported. The purpose of the article is a critical comparison of the information of Marius Mercator with the data of other official sources, such as: conciliar acts, conciliar epistles, official correspondence of church hierarchs, and documents of imperial legislation. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of how the Commonitorium presents the role and place of the Roman See, as well as personally of Pope Zosimus in the events related to the dispute over the personalities and doctrines of Pelagius and Caelestius. Based on the work done, the author draws several conclusions. The work of Marius Mercator is replete with numerous inaccuracies, significant omissions and even juggling with facts. With their help, Marius is diligently trying to whitewash Pope Zosimus and present him in the eyes of Emperor Theodosius and Patriarch Nestorius as a consistent adversary of the repeatedly condemned heretics Pelagius and Caelestius, and Pope Zosimus’ letter of repentance (epistula tractoria) as an important church-wide doctrinal document. On the whole, the Commonitorium of Marius Mercator can be seen as a tendentious and manipulative document, the purpose of which was to present in a favourable light the very controversial role played by Pope Zosimus in the events surrounding the condemnation of the heretics Pelagius and Caelestius in the western part of the Roman Empire. This role, according to the author of the article, is clear evidence of the crisis in the reputation and status of the Roman See in the period under consideration.
Gift or Levy: The Expenditure of the Urban Community of Medieval Faversham
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Anisimova Anna A.
Published: October 2024

Although small in medieval times, Faversham was a prosperous town, benefiting from trade with London and its position as a member of the Confederation of the Cinque Ports — an association of ports in south-east England. Economic success enabled its inhabitants to create a viable urban community, which in the mid-thirteenth century began its struggle for autonomy and independence from the town’s monastic lord, the Abbey of Faversham. The article examines the expenditure of the town community on the maintenance and development of its powers, using data from the financial accounts of town officials. Although there were several outbreaks of violence, especially at the beginning, the townspeople mostly challenged their lord in court, filed claims, wrote petitions and sought support from the Confederation and some influential people. At the beginning of the fourteenth century, the urban community was in a deep crisis and so they used all available methods to defend their interests, i.e. they recruited competent people as counsellors, gave gifts to local officials (the Sheriff of Kent, the Warden of the Cinque Ports), gave gifts to employees of central institutions such as the Exchequer, the Chancellery, the King’s Bench, sometimes creating a precedent for future extortion, as happened with fish for the Warden of the Cinque Ports. The paucity of sources does not allow us to determine with certainty whether this system was later maintained and whether the town needed and could afford it. In the sixteenth century, when Faversham’s fortunes took another turn for the worse with the dissolution of the monastery, the townspeople resorted to the old strategy.
Investigator under Investi­gation: Why did Peter the Great Execute Prince M. I. Volkonsky?
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Redin Dmitrii A.
Published: October 2024

On 25 July 1713, Prince Mikhail Ivanovich Volkonsky, Major of the Lifeguards of Semenovsky Regiment, was appointed by Peter I to head the inaugural office of pre-trial investigation in Russian history. The establishment of this office, along with the subsequent emergence of analogous institutions, can be attributed to the tsar’s response to the revelation of extensive misappropriation of government funds. The investigative office of Prince Volkonsky was tasked with investigating one of the most prominent cases of the era: the international smuggling activities of the Solovyov brothers, Dmitry and Osip. The brothers were accused of criminal activities by Arkhangelsk Vice-Governor A. A. Kurbatov, the former head of the Town Hall, which was one of the country’s leading financial institutions in the 1700s. Upon his arrival in Arkhangelsk, Volkonsky promptly initiated an investigation into Kurbatov himself. It would appear that the guards major acted under the influence of Prince A. D. Menshikov, who was associated with the criminal activities of the Solovyov brothers. Despite authorising the investigation of the Solovyovs’ case and that of Kurbatov, Peter I was dissatisfied with Volkonsky’s actions. The latter was convicted of accepting bribes and procedural violations in 1716 and removed from the investigation. In early November 1717, he was shot by the verdict of a military court approved by the Tsar. For an extended period, the specifics of the Volkonsky investigation and trial remained obscured. The article, based on recently discovered new sources, reveals hitherto unknown details of the Volkonsky investigation. The author posits that the severe and expeditious punishment meted out to the prince was largely attributable to his inability to substantiate the royal trust, a deficiency that incensed the monarch. Peter I established the unfortunate fate of the inaugural Russian investigator as a precedent for his successors and followers.
Ural Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) and the Creation of Ural Oblast in 1923
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Vorobyov Sergey V.
Published: October 2024

This article analyses the activities of the Ural Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) in the preparation and implementation of measures for the zoning of the Urals within the framework of the administrative-territorial reform of 1923. The main source base for the research was the archival material from the following funds: the Administrative Commission under the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (GARF), State Planning Committee of the USSR (RGAE), Organising Bureau and Secretariat of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) of the VIII–XIII convocation (RGASPI), Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU, Ural Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) (CDOOSO). The article shows the key role of the Ural Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) in coordinating the activities of the regional economic bodies directly involved in the planning of zoning — the Ural Economic Council (Uralekoso), the Ural Industrial Bureau (Uralpromburo), the Ural Planning Commission (Uralplan), as well as the Party and Soviet authorities involved in the direct implementation of zoning measures. During the work on zoning, the Ural Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) carried out a number of preparatory measures and resolved both fundamental and auxiliary technical issues. With the direct participation of the Ural Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP(b), the most important documents (resolutions, proposals, instructions, orders) devoted to zoning in the Urals were approved. The article proves that the Ural Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) directly controlled the process and content of zoning. The key issues during the formation of Ural Oblast were the creation and staffing of authorities and management at various levels, as well as the issue of the external borders of Ural Oblast. The regional party body was involved in reorganising the party, Soviet, and economic bodies of the oblast at various levels. To solve the territorial problem, the Ural Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) had to appeal to the central authorities and negotiate with neighbouring regions on territorial disputes. The author concludes that the Ural Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP(b), using all the accumulated experience of managing political, economic and social processes in large territories, managed to implement the administrative and territorial reform in the Urals relatively painlessly and successfully.
Unknown Drawings of A. K. Denisov-Uralsky for Jewellery Workshops (1914–1915)
Authors:   St Petersburg Mining University, St Petersburg, Borovkova Natalia V.
Published: October 2024

This article is dedicated to the examination of hitherto unknown drawings by A. K. Denisov-Uralsky, created for jewellery workshops in Petrograd between 1914 and 1915. The original jewellery produced by this artist was highly sought after by his contemporaries, yet today, his authentic works are only known in single copies. It is notable that few images of jewellery created from designs by A. K. Denisov-Uralsky have survived. During the artist’s lifetime, such designs were published on only one occasion, in 1912. The process of identifying and studying authentic works by A. K. Denisov-Uralsky is associated with certain objective difficulties, primarily due to the fact that he did not possess his own personal hallmark. Furthermore, the jewellery work of A. K. Denisov-Uralsky was largely forgotten for decades following his departure from Petrograd in 1917, as he remained in Finland and never returned to Russia. The artist’s estate, comprising a mineralogical collection and personal papers, was acquired by the Museum of the Mining Institute between 1919 and 1921. In addition, the museum received four notebooks containing invoices from the workshop of A. K. Denisov-Uralsky, addressed to various jewellery firms in Petrograd. The documents in question contain 22 drawings of jewellery items. The study of the invoices enabled the reconstruction of the range of products and the main creators of jewellery works based on Denisov-Uralsky’s drawings, as well as the identification of the stylistic features of the works that are characteristic of the creative style of A. K. Denisov-Uralsky. This, in turn, enables the effective identification of his works in museum collections and on the contemporary antiquities market, as well as the tracing of the features of continuity in the oeuvre of the Ural jewellery school.
History of Bonaparte’s Egyptian Campaign in Modern Historiography
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Tchoudinov Alexander V.
Published: October 2024

In this article, the author presents a comprehensive analysis of the most recent foreign publications on the history of Napoleon Bonaparte’s Egyptian campaign, published over the past five years. He begins by providing a concise overview of the historiography of this topic, outlining the key areas of development over the past decades and identifying the works that have become classics in each field. Furthermore, he highlights the increasing prominence of anti-colonial discourse, largely influenced by the concepts articulated in Edward Said’s seminal work, Orientalism, within the historiography of the Egyptian campaign since the early twenty-first century. The classic representation of these concepts in the historiography of this topic is a monograph by the American orientalist J. Cole. The impact of this discourse on the content of recent works is evident, particularly in the selection of topics by their authors. Consequently, the French military historian A. Pigeard was compelled to disguise his somewhat unconventional interest in the military aspects of the Egyptian campaign by discussing scientific topics that were not characteristic of his previous works. The Irish historian J. Clarke selected the topic of war crimes perpetrated by the French against the Egyptians for his research. Furthermore, the most significant works related to the history of the expedition that have appeared over the past period — the monograph of the English historian T. Sarafatti — can be characterised by the author’s desire to refute Said about the motivation of the French Orientalists who created the Description of Egypt. Concurrently, a notable recent trend in the historiography of the Egyptian campaign has been the inclusion of brief excursions into this topic by specialists from related fields of historical science. While this does contribute to a certain revival, it does not facilitate the emergence of fundamental research comparable in depth to the classical works of previous years.
Limits properties of the kernel estimator of the characteristic function
Authors: AGBAVON Yawa , GNAMASSE Anani Komlan Mensah , GNEYOU Kossi Essona
Published: October 2024

In this paper we consider a kernel estimator of the characteristic function of a real random variable X introduced by Abdushukurov and Norboev (2017). A method similar to that of Gneyou (2005) is used to establish the almost sure uniform convergence of the estimator on a closed and bounded interval. This initiative uses the properties of a measurable VC-class of functions
Improved nonparametric Estimator of the Matusita’s Overlapping Measure (OM) with application on breast cancer
Authors: Nyafouna Jules
Published: October 2024

In this work, we propose an improved nonparametric estimators of the Matusita's overlapping measure (OM). Our consideration is based on the bias reduction procedure of nonparametric estimators of two unknown density functions. Using the convergence of functional of stochastic processes, we establish, under certain conditions, the asymptotic distribution of our proposed estimator of Matusita's overlapping measure. A simulation study is carried out to illustrate the performance of our methodology, compared to the classical one introduced in the literature. Furthermore, we apply our findings to breast cancer data
Effect of Unimanual Versus Bimanual Training on Impairment, Disability and Quality of Life Among Post Stroke Individuals: A Comparative Study
Authors:   BPT intern, Nootan College of Physiotherapy, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar Gujarat, India – 384315, Patel Shivangi shaileshkumar , barot Jahanvi ,   Assistant professor, Nootan College of Physiotherapy, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar Gujarat, India – 384315
Published: October 2024

Background: Stroke is a significant global health issue caused by sudden interruptions in blood flow to the brain, leading to neurological dysfunction that can result in ischemic or hemorrhagic conditions. Effective rehabilitation approaches, such as unilateral and bilateral training, play a vital role in restoring upper limb function and overall recovery through targeted neural adaptations. Evaluation tools like the (SIS) provide critical insights into post-stroke recovery and improvements in quality of life, underscoring the need for comprehensive care and early intervention in managing this complex medical condition. Aim: To find out the effectiveness of unimanual and bimanual training on impairment, disability, and quality of life among post stroke individuals. Study design: comparative study Method: Firstly, ethical clearance was taken from the committee for comparative study. Samples were collected by lottery allotment sampling method. Thirty participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The details of the treatment were explained and written consent was taken from the participants. Experimental group treated with unimanual training and bimanual training for 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Outcome measure: Stroke impact scale Results: Data was analysed using SPSS Version29. According to statistical analysis, improvement seen in group B compared to group A. Conclusions: Bimanual training showed greater effective in impairment, disability and quality of life compared to unimanual training. KEYWORDS: Bimanual training, Unimanual training, stroke impact scale, quality of life, stroke.
Effectiveness of Maitland Mobilizations Along with Kinesio Taping on Reducing Pain and Disability in Subjects with Periarthritis Shoulder
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, SIMS College of Physiotherapy, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India., Gaddam Nava Tejaswi , Syed Roshni Shanavas ,   Department of Physiotherapy, SIMS College of Physiotherapy, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India., Aremanda Rama Krishna Sai ,   Department of Physiotherapy, SIMS College of Physiotherapy, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India., Mallavarapu Gireeshma ,   Department of Physiotherapy, SIMS College of Physiotherapy, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Published: October 2024

Background: Frozen shoulder is a condition in which insidious and progressive pain and loss of active and passive mobility are manifested in the glenohumeral joint, presumably due to capsular contracture. Diabetes mellitus patients are more affected. Various methods were effective in treating frozen shoulder. The present study was done in frozen shoulder patients to determine the additional effect of Kinesio taping and Maitland mobilization in managing frozen shoulder. Frozen shoulder tends to develop in three phases, coming on slowly. Each stage may last several months. Method: The present study included 30 subjects with frozen shoulder. The individuals were randomly divided into 2 groups. GROUP A-experimental group, which received Maitland mobilization and Kinesiotaping treatment, while GROUP B is the control group that received only Maitland mobilization. Both groups first received hot moist packs for 20 minutes and an ultrasound for 5 minutes. Exercises were advised. Subjects received 4 weeks of intervention for 3 days/week. Before and after the intervention, SPADI outcome measures were measured. Result: There was a significant difference showing improvement in the mean of shoulder pain and disability index scale SPADI before and within the groups with p<0.0001. There was a statistical difference when post-intervention means were compared between the groups. Conclusion: Maitland mobilization with Kinesiotaping reduces pain and disability in subjects with peri-arthritis shoulder. KEYWORDS: Frozen shoulder, Maitland mobilization, Kinesiotaping, Shoulder pain and disability index scale (SPADI).