bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and hypertension in patients with psoriasis: a cross sectional and case control study in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Jamal Samira , Karim Sheikh Anwarul , Raihan Sheikh Mahee Ridwan , Biswas Rajat , Alam Mansurul
Published: July 2021

Background: In this study our main goal was to evaluate the association of psoriasis as a risk predictor for the occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN).Methods: This case control study was carried out in the department of dermatology and venereology, Chittagong medical college hospital (CMCH), Chittagong, Bangladesh from 15 June 2011 to 14 May 2012. Where 60 patients with psoriasis and 60 patients with skin diseases other than psoriasis were included according to availability within the study period.Results: During study, among the psoriatic patients, most of the patients with DM and HTN had body mass index (BMI) within normal limit. During analysis of different clinical findings in psoriatic patients scaling was present in all the cases followed by Auspitz sign, koebnerization, itching, scalp involvement and nail changes. Patients with psoriasis were found to have higher incidence of DM and HTN in comparison to their non-psoriatic control group. It was also observed that psoriatic patients having DM and HTN had longer duration of diseases (p<0.05).Conclusions: In conclusion, our study indicates that patients with psoriasis have an increased risk of DM and HTN, confirming the findings from previous several case control and cross sectional studies. These data illustrate the importance of considering psoriasis as a systemic disorder rather than simply a skin disease. Awareness of concurrent diseases will provide the clinician an opportunity of screening .for others systemic diseases.
Anatomical study of nutrient foramen in lower limb dry long bones
Authors: Mahat Samyog , Shrestha Shamsher , Yadav Prabhakar
Published: July 2021

Background: Nutrient artery gain access through nutrient foramen and provide vascular supply to bone. Number, size and location of nutrient foramen has significant medical as well as surgical importance. Any insult to nutrient artery during surgical procedure or during trauma may lead to devascualarization or poor prognosis.Methods: The present study consist of 50 femurs, 50 tibia and 50 fibula, collected from department of anatomy, BPKIHS. Mean length of bone, number, position and size and foraminal index of nutrient foramen was observed and recorded accordingly.Results: In femur 62% bone shows single nutrient foramen. Nutrient foramen was commonly located in medial lip of linea aspera and in upper third of bone which was noted in 80% of bone. In tibia 82% of total bone shows single foramen with absent of foramen in 6% bone. Foramen was commonly located above the soleal line and middle third of bone which was noted in 56% of bone. In fibula 6% of total bone shows absent of nutrient foramen and majority of bone shows single nutrient foramen (82%). Foramen was commonly located in lower part of posterior surface (60%) and in middle third of bone.Conclusions: This study provides details topographic knowledge about nutrient foramen which is important clinically for proper planning of surgery and its outcome.
A comparative study of collagen-based dressing versus conventional dressing in chronic ulcers
Authors: Chaurasia Shrashti , Diwaker Arvind , Garg Nitin
Published: July 2021

Background: Collagen is a fibrous structure, proline-rich protein, comprised of three α-chains, plays an important role in each stage of wound healing, attracts fibroblasts and keratinocytes which in turn encourages debridement, angiogenesis and re-epithelializationMethods: This is a prospective cohort study. After obtaining ethical clearance from Institute’s ethical committee, all the patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled and written consent was obtained from all the patients. Detailed history was enquired and recorded on a predesigned proforma. The ulcer healing, analysed as- Time required for appearance of healthy granulation tissue, 50% reduction in ulcer size, complete healing time, requirement of skin grafting, time required in return to daily activities.Results: A significant decrease in time required for 50 % reduction in wound size with a mean difference of 18.5 in collagen group patients when compared to 37.5 and 33.0 in Normal saline group patients and Povidone iodine group patients. Chi square test was applied to assess the difference in proportions between groups t test was applied to compare the mean between the groups. P<0.05 was considered as statically significant.Conclusions: Healing with collagen particles is early, compared to the conventional dressings with lesser requirement of skin grafting, number of dressings, shorter hospital stay. Dressing changed every 3-4 days. Healing occurs by formation of early granulation tissue and wound contraction.
A comparative analysis of morphometric changes in the angle of anterior chamber after cataract surgery
Authors: Jamil Mahsa , . Anupam , Samanta Ramanuj , Mittal Sanjeev Kumar
Published: July 2021

Background: Cataract surgery brings about certain changes in the angle of anterior chamber and we aimed at understanding the morphometric changes occurring in the angle at the site of incision (SOI) and the site opposite to it (OSOI) after two types of cataract surgeries viz. phacoemulsification and manual small incision cataract surgery (SICS) at two postoperative follow-ups.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at AIIMS, Rishikesh and a minimum of 60 patients were enrolled. They were divided into two groups based on the surgery performed, 30 patients had undergone phacoemulsification (group A) and 30 patients had undergone SICS (group B). The patients were evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT), the parameters measured were central anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), angle opening distance (AOD), and trabecular iris surface area (TISA). The subjects were assessed preoperatively, post-operatively at 1 week and 6 weeks.Results: The increase in the angle parameters at 1 week and 6 weeks post-operatively was found to be statistically significant in the two groups (p<0.05). The increase in the parameters was also compared between the two surgeries and was found to have no statistical difference.Conclusions: We were able to conclude that a simple cataract extraction can help treat two most common causes of blindness, cataract and glaucoma and the technique of cataract surgery used does not influence the change brought about in the angle.
A retrospective study to analyse the rate of caesarean section according to Robson's 10 group classification in a peripheral hospital in a metropolitan city
Authors: Kore Siddhi S. , Shams Fatema , Chilkund Jayanth , Kore Gauri
Published: July 2021

Background: In the past several decades, a pattern of rapid increases in Caesarean section (CS) delivery rates has been observed worldwide, as also in India. It is important to identify the reason behind the rising rates of CS since they can pose unnecessary risks to the mother and the neonate. The aim of the study was to analyse the CS rate in the ten groups as per Robson’s ten group classification, in a peripheral hospital in a metropolitan city. By this study we have tried to identify specific groups of women to be targeted to reduce CS rates.Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out at a peripheral hospital in Mumbai, India. It included all women who had delivered in the hospital from January, 2019 to December, 2019. The sample size was 2603.Results: Under this study, we found out that the rate of CS delivery is higher than what is recommended by WHO in Robson’s group 2, 5 and 6.Conclusions: This study will help us carry out targeted interventions so as to reduce the CS rates in these groups.
Evaluation of axial length and association with morphology of cataract
Authors: Vats Vatsala , Gupta Manisha , Aggarwal Shantanu
Published: July 2021

Background: Cataractogenesis is associated with alteration in the nature of lens epithelium. How a change in morphology of cataract relates to axial length and IOL power is an interesting area to explore. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between axial length and age-related cataracts, and intra ocular lens (IOL) power in eyes undergoing cataract surgery.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from 2019 to 2020 on 550 eyes with age related cataract for morphology of cataract and axial length of eye. Data was analyzed using statistical software One-way ANOVA and Post HOC test.Results: Out of a total 550 eyes, 122 (22.2%) were Nuclear, 79 (14.4%) were PSC, and 349 (63.5%) were of Mixed morphology. Mean age of patients with PSC was 56.41±14.55 years, 58.52±14.16 years with Nuclear, and 62.88±9.86 years in Mixed morphology. This difference was found to be statistically significant with p value of 0.001. In this study, the mean axial length in eyes with only Nuclear, only PSC, and Mixed morphology, was measured to be 23.19±1.29, 23.26±0.91, 23.24±1.47 respectively. This was found to be statistically insignificant with p=0.92. The mean power intraocular lens 20.96±3.03 D in Nuclear Cataract, 21.25±2.39 D in PSC, and 21.25±2.60 D in Mixed cataract, and was statistically insignificant with p value of 1.Conclusions: This study suggests no impact of morphology of cataract on axial length or IOL power.
Comparison of psychiatric co-morbidity in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and epilepsy at a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir
Authors: Yousuf Saleem , E-Roub Fazle , Khan Athiya Fahiem
Published: July 2021

Background: objective of the study was to describe and compare frequency of psychiatric disorders in two groups of patients, one with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNESs) and other with epilepsy.Methods: We studied 64 patients in which 32 belonged to the group with PNESs and 32 belonged to group with Epilepsy, admitted in a video-EEG unit of tertiary care hospital in Kashmir in order to confirm epileptic diagnosis. This study was conducted from March 2019 to August 2019 in neurology department and the patients underwent neurological evaluation, inter ictal EEG, MRI, neuropsychological assessment and psychiatric diagnosis codified in DSM-5.Results: Depression was found to be the most common diagnosis in the group with epilepsy-40% versus 15.75% of those with PNES, while as personality disorder (21.88%) was the common psychiatric disorder in group with PNES. Anxiety disorder was found to be the second leading psychiatric disorder and was almost common in both the groups, 13.33% in group with epilepsy and 18.75% in the group with PNES. It was also cited that Psychotic disorder (13.33%) was found only in the group with Epilepsy, while Personality disorder and PTSD was found only in the group with PNES. Bipolar disorder was more prevalent in group with epilepsy (13.33%) than in the group with PNES (3.13%). Somatic symptom disorder, dissociation and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was also found in both the groups.Conclusions: Psychiatric disorder is more common in PNES than in epilepsy.
Comparative study of conventional Pap smear and liquid based cytology as a screening method for cervical cancer
Authors: Atla Bhagyalakshmi , Prasad Uma , Botta Venkata Satya Kartheek , Namballa Uma , Pujari Lahari , Lalam Neelima
Published: July 2021

Background: Pap smear is the conventional screening procedure for cervical cancer. Liquid based cytology has been developed as a cost effective alternative as it has a short screening time, better morphology and clean background while also providing residual material to test for HPV DNA. Therefore this study is undertaken to know the role of Liquid-based cytology in evaluating pre-malignant and malignant lesions of cervix. Objectives of current study were to study the distribution of various cervical lesions on liquid-based cytology and compare them with conventional Pap smears. To know the role of liquid-based cytology in evaluating pre-malignant and malignant lesions of cervixMethods: This study included 200 women attending to gynaecology OPD and the samples were taken for both conventional cytology and liquid based cytology. The smears were studied in detail and were interpreted as per The Bethesda system 2014 of reporting pap smears and results are recorded and compared.Results: The commonest cervical lesions on pap smears by liquid-based cytology are NILM-reactive changes (N=92, 46%), NILM Candida infection is seen in 9 cases (4.5%) and trichomonas vaginalis infection in 5 cases (2.5%). Unsatisfactory smears on LBC is less when compared to conventional smears as the coefficient of correlation is significant with p value of 0.000422 (<0.05). The number of cases with a diagnosis of ASCUS is reported more in liquid-based cytology (9 cases) when compared to conventional Pap (8 cases). The number of cases with diagnosis of HSIL, SCC is reported more in liquid based cytology (7 cases) when compared to conventional Pap (4 cases). Epithelial cell abnormality were easily diagnosed on LBC smears with significant p value of 0.002414 (<0.05).Conclusions: Liquid-based cytology has advantages of fewer unsatisfactory smears and better detection of epithelial cell abnormalities when compared to conventional Pap smears. LBC is better for the screening of premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix even though it is costly.
Bronchopulmonary malinosculation: a case report
Authors: Kumar Meera J. , Balakrishnan Jayaprakash , Nair Reshmi S.
Published: July 2021

Pulmonary malinosculation, which include a broad spectrum of disorders that involve abnormalities in one or more of the three main components of the lung, namely, the airways and lung parenchyma, arteries and veins. A case of bronchopulmonary malinosculation was presented due to its rarity.
Mucormycosis: the black fungus maiming COVID-19 patients in India
Authors: Ghogre Priyanka
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 infection caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 may be associated with a wide range of disease patterns, ranging from mild to life-threatening pneumonia. Mucormycosis is an emerging angioinvasive fungal infection caused by the ubiquitous filamentous fungi of the Mucorales order of the class of Zygomycetes. The prevalence of mucormycosis in India is about 80 times the prevalence in developed countries. Mucorales invade deep tissues via inhalation of airborne spores, percutaneous inoculation or ingestion. Rhino-orbito-cerebral form of mucormycosis is a relatively fatal infection and mortality rate rises to 50-85%. Extensive use of corticosteroids/monoclonal antibodies/broad-spectrum antibiotics may lead to the development/exacerbation of a preexisting fungal disease. Only amphotericin B and its lipid formulations and recently isavuconazole have been studied as first-line therapy for mucormycosis. On the contrary, posaconazole has been mainly studied as salvage therapy.
Pleiotropic benefits and utility of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in current practice
Authors: Chaudhari Vishal Madanlal , Bhaskar Dnyanoba Kishanrao , Oak Medha Ajit
Published: July 2021

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is responsible for maintaining hemodynamic stability and thereby impacts multiple organ systems, such as the central nervous system, heart, and kidneys. Angiotensin II (ang II) is the main effector of the RAAS. However, overactivity of the RAAS can give rise to cardiovascular disorders, stroke, and nephrosclerosis. Unfavorable effects on cardiovascular system are attributed to ang II. RAAS activation also results in release and increased activity of several hormonal and inflammatory mediators, trigger formation of a number of secondary messengers and/or activate pathways, which negatively affects blood vessels and tissue. RAAS inhibitors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers can protect various organs from damage by blocking the protean manifestation of RAAS activity, either in its circulating or its locally tissue-active form. This review explains on the pleiotropic effects and benefits that go beyond mere blood pressure control. ACEIs in terms of mortality reduction, long‑term survival benefits, cardioprotective and vasculo-protective effects as well as improve fibrinolytic balance. Ramipril has been clinically proven to reduce rates of mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke. ACEIs and ARBs were associated with lesser risks of COVID-19 infection.
Oral cavity lesions in COVID-19 patient- a neglected and morbid clinical entity in current pandemic
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: July 2021

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 infections are usually associated with acute respiratory symptoms along with fever, myalgia, fatigue, altered taste and smell sensation. However, some oral cavity manifestations have been found in COVID-19 patients. There is debate whether these oral cavity manifestations are due to SARS-CoV-2 infection or secondary to patient’s systemic condition. Currently research shows that SARS-CoV-2 affect the respiratory tract and other organs those have angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. ACE2 receptors are abundantly present in the oral cavity tissues which prone for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The oral cavity lesions in COVID-19 patient ranges from ulcers in the oral cavity to candidiasis, recurrent herpes simplex, geographical tongue, mucositis and petechiae. COVID-19 infection significantly affects the oral cavity and salivary glands. Gustatory dysfunction or dysgeusia is a common oral cavity manifestation of COVID-19 patient. Clinicians should keep in mind about different lesions of the oral cavity and taste disturbances of the COVID-19 patients which will help the early diagnosis, treatment and avoid morbidity of the patient. There is still debate on exact cause for oral manifestations of the COVID-19 infections and its impact. This review article discusses the details of this neglected clinical entity such as oral cavity lesions in COVID-19 patients.
A study to assess anemia and hypoalbuminemia in diabetic patients with ulcers
Authors: M. Devaprashanth , Ramesh B. S. , Kumar Pushpa Satish
Published: July 2021

Background: Diabetic foot is a severe public health issue. Nutrition is important in the repair of soft tissue injuries and wound healing and specific nutrients have been shown to enhance wound healing. Anemia and hypoalbuminemia are among the commonly encountered deficiencies in patients. Early detection of nutritional deficiencies and their prompt treatment is imperative for the effective management of diabetic foot ulcers. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of anemia and hypoalbuminemia in diabetic foot patients presenting at our institution.Methods: Hemoglobin and albumin levels of 175 patients with diabetic foot were collected. Data was tabulated and analysed with descriptive statistics.Results: Hemoglobin varied from 6.5 g/dl to15 g/dl (10.5±2.3 g/dl). 116 (66.28%) patients had anemia. Among the 66 female patients, 43 (65.15%) had anemia. Among the 109 male patients, 73 (66.97%) had anemia. 11 of the 29 patients aged less than 40 had anemia (37.93%), while 105 of the 146 (71.91%) patients above 40 years had anemia. Albumin levels ranged from 1.6 g/dl to 5.4 g/dl (3.3±1.06 g/dl). 93 (53.14%) patients had hypoalbuminemia. 33 of the 66 female patients (50%) had hypoalbuminemia. 60 (55.04%) of the 109 male patients had hypoalbuminemia. 4 of the 29 (13.79%) patients below 40 years had hypoalbuminemia 89 of the 146 patients (60.9%) above 40 years had hypoalbuminemia.Conclusions: Anemia and hypoalbuminemia are common in patients with diabetic foot ulcers, with males being more commonly affected by both than females and older age group being more commonly affected than younger age group.
Surgical sequale of transabdominal preperitoneal approach versus Lichtenstein open repair in a rural setting
Authors: Nair Chanthu C. , J. Karthikeyan E. M.
Published: July 2021

Background: The objective was to compare the outcomes perioperative outcomes of transabdominal preperitoneal approach (TAPP) versus Lichtenstein tension (open) free repair for adult unilateral uncomplicated inguinal hernia patients (including both direct and indirect hernias).Methods: The prospective study was conducted between July 2018 to August 2020. A total of 60 patients, 30 in the Lichtenstein tension free repair group and 30 in the TAPP repair group data were collected and analysed.Results: The mean age was 55 in our study. On comparing open versus TAPP, significant difference of p value ≤0.05 was observed in terms of surgical site infections, time to discharge, time to return to work and mesh related pain in TAPP. Operative time was shorter in open group.Conclusions: Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair is a valid alternative to open traditional method with lesser morbidity to the patients.
Experience with clinical pathway for management of high grade blunt splenic injuries: a prospective study in adults at two tertiary trauma centers
Authors: Campbell Don , Wake Elizabeth , Grieve John , Rashid Muddassir , Wullschleger Martin , Patel Bhavik
Published: July 2021

Background: There is ambiguity regarding anatomical site of embolization, frequency of follow-up scans and splenic function following angioembolisation in the management of high grade blunt splenic injury. A splenic salvage pathway in patients who are hemodynamically stable or resuscitated to stability was introduced across two trauma centres. The aims of this project were: to develop a clinical pathway to manage hemodynamically stable blunt splenic injury patients and to determine rates of splenic salvage for patients with high grade splenic injury, assess complications and splenic function following completion of the pathway.Methods: Prospective study over a period of 24 months. Data was collected to evaluate rates of splenic salvage, complications and function of the spleen following angioembolisation.Results: Thirty-three patients, predominantly males (n=29) between the ages of 14-85 years, were included in the study. Three (9%) with grade V injury, underwent angioembolization on admission but required splenectomy as an inpatient. On day 14, all patients (n=30) with splenic salvage underwent blood tests, with 3 patients (9%) receiving vaccination for altered red cell morphology. The introduction of clinical pathway led to an increase in our splenic salvage rate to 91%.Conclusions: We believe that introduction of proposed clinical pathway may result in increased rates of splenic salvage with preservation of function following angioembolisation.
Adrenal tumours: 10-year experience of a tertiary cancer centre
Authors: Shanmugam Subbiah , Susikar Sujay , Raja Gerald Anand , Reddy Kishore Kumar
Published: July 2021

Adrenal tumours are rare neoplasm. The prevalence of adrenal tumours is estimated to be 3% in those older than 50 years and 6% in those older than 60 years. Diagnostic work-up should assess autonomous hormone production and differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. In 19 patients presenting with adrenal tumours from 2010-2020, 9 (47.4%) were male patients and 10 (52.6%) female patients with a mean age of 44.6 years. Presenting complaints include headache and hypertension in 8 (42.1%) patients, pain abdomen in 4 (21.1%) patients, incidentally diagnosed in 5 (26.3%) patients and 2 (10.5%) patients presented with mass per abdomen. Pheochromocytoma was seen in 10 (52.6%) patients, adrenocortical carcinoma was seen in 5 (26.3%) patients, adenoma was seen in 3 (15.8%) patients each and angiomyolipoma was seen in 1 (5.3%) patient. Open adrenalectomy was done in 13 (68.4%) patients and laparoscopic adrenalectomy was done in 5 (26.3%) patients. One patient presented with multiple metastases and was inoperable. Adrenal tumours are rare neoplasms often presenting with nonspecific symptoms. The majority are non-functioning tumours with an incidence in the 5th or 6th decade. In our study pheochromocytoma is most common followed by adrenocortical carcinoma. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is now the gold standard for small and medium-sized tumours.
Evaluating healing pattern after fibrotomy and myotomy followed by grafting with buccal fat pad and collagen in oral submucous fibrosis patients: a case series
Authors: Dwivedi Ajita , Tiwari Abhishek M. , Kumar Abhigyan
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted to assess the healing pattern of buccal fat pad and collagen as intraoral graft post fibrotomy and masticator myotomy in oral submucous fibrosis patients. The study was conducted on 20 patients with reduced mouth opening due to oral submucous fibrosis (Khanna and Andrade classification grade 3 and 4 a), randomly divided into 2 groups. In one group, buccal fat pad was harvested and in other group only wet bovine collagen sheet was applied as surgical dressing in the intra-oral wound after fibrotomy and masticator myotomy. Healing pattern of both as graft material were compared based on clinical findings. Healing occurs following epithelialization of the buccal fat pad which gradually takes the color of the buccal mucosa. Xenogenic collagen offers better coverage of the surgical wound but degenerates itself in the course of healing. The covered wound epithelializes without scar tissue formation and patients experience less symptoms during healing phase.
Surgical intervention as a curative major for secondary hypertension
Authors: Tambat Ramesh Mahadev , Narasimhaiah Venuprasad , Collin Marshall David , Sannappanavar Nataraj Y. , Kumar Nitin , Shrestha Yogendra , Moktan Jeet Bahadur
Published: July 2021

Retroperitoneal functional paraganglioma is a rare type of neuroendocrine neoplasm which secrete excess catecholamines including epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and their metabolites metanephrine, normetanephrine, 3-methoxytyramine respectively. Early diagnosis of functional paraganglioma is important because its removal is often curative. The extent of disease is evaluate using 2(18F)-fluoro-2 deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), where increased uptake of 18-FDG observed the mass. It is one of the rare curable causes of secondary hypertension. Here, we have presented the rare case of a young female who was recently diagnosed with hypertension and pain in abdomen, was later found to have functional paraganglioma.
La diáspora del conflicto colombiano y la postura del Estado
Authors: Restrepo Luciana Esther
Published: July 2021

El desplazamiento es una de las consecuencias más dramáticas del conflicto interno colombiano. Bajo la presión de diversos grupos armados, miles decompatriotas han tenido que abandonar sus tierras y hogares, y comenzar una nueva vida en centros urbanos adonde llegan a engrosar los cinturones demiseria. Con el fin de garantizar los derechos de estas poblaciones vulnerables, el Estado ha promulgado varios actos legislativos. ¿Qué tan efectiva ha sidoesta legislación? Este artículo ofrece una respuesta.
Servicios ecosistémicos
Authors: Osorno Acosta Viviana
Published: July 2021

Los habitantes de las zonas rurales que colindan con las urbanas necesitan mayor conciencia y participación en las transformaciones de sus territorios. ¿Conocen estas personas los beneficios ambientales que están presentes en su territorio y en el entorno que los rodea?, ¿saben cómo preservar dichos beneficios?
The Water Safety Plan Pursuant to Ministerial Decree 14.06.2017: Application to Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital of Rome
Authors: D’Orazio Annunziata , Poggi Leo
Published: July 2021

The paper illustrates the design and drafting of the Water Safety Plan (WSP) of a health facility, particularly with regard to water intended for human consumption. The components already present in the water and sanitary system as well as the control measures already provided, are described and critically discussed. Following the hazards identification and risk assessment related to the plant, some corrective measures and actions that have been proposed and implemented, are discussed.
Investigating the Effect of the Geometry of RC Barrier Walls on the Blast Wave Propagation
Authors: Attia Walid , Elwan Sherif , Kotb Ismail
Published: July 2021

Evaluating the performance of several types of reinforced concrete barrier walls subjected to blast loads is the target of this research paper. A parametric study is carried out for nine RC barrier wall systems with different geometries modelled in the three dimensions with different configurations and variable parameters. ANSYS Autodyn software version 18.2 is used to model and analyse these systems using three-dimensional explicit dynamics analysis. The nine systems are studied under the effect of several parameters, such as explosive charge weight (W) and the stand-off distance from the explosion source to the wall (R). Their effect on the wall damage and its deformations and the pressure-induced at different locations are analysed. Eighteen reinforced concrete barrier wall models are studied to achieve this research goal. Comparisons between the results showed the deformation performance of the 60° concave face with planar back walls and the walls with the constant base of 1.0-meter-thick up to 0.5-meter-high with a face hunch up to 2.0-meter-high are better than all other studied walls. However, the concave face-convex back wall that has 70° curvature mitigate the pressure behind the wall by 10% regardless of its deformation.
Automatic Vehicle Accident Indication and Reporting System for Road Ways Using Internet of Things
Authors: Arthanareeswaran Jeyashree , Karunanidhi Bavithra , Muruganantham Sowmiya , Dhamodharan Archana , Swarnamma Subash Kumar Chellappan
Published: July 2021

In India, transport becomes a basic commodity of daily life. As transportation starts increasing, safety has become a major concern for consumers. This paper mainly aims at reducing the fatalities caused due to accidents occurring in roadways. In general, many lives could be saved if emergency service could get accurate accident location and rescue the injured people at the minimum possible time. The Internet of Things has revlontinsed the modern world in recent times. As Global Positioning System has become an integral part of any vehicle system, this effective method is utilized to monitor the location of vehicles and send accident locations to an Accidents Monitoring and Rescue Services Centre (AMRSC) using GSM. The Accelerometer located in the vehicle system gives the live status of the vehicle position while the vehicle is in motion. Whenever an accident occurs, the signal from the accelerometer is fed to the controller. The Node MCU controller is programmed to check whether the accident has occurred and given the information to the user and AMRSC as soon as possible. Now, the system will also send the accident location acquired from the GPS along with the vehicle details through the GSM network to AMRSC. After receiving the alert message from the infected user vehicle system, the rescue team will reach the accident location as soon as possible by reading the data from the server.
BRAND RECOGNITION OF FISH SAUCE ORIGIN OF HAI PHONG THROUGH THE CASE STUDY OF THE RETAIL MARKET IN HANOI CITY
Authors: Huu Tung Phuong
Published: July 2021

Dear Editors!The author is very happy to know the information of the Journal and wishes to submit the article with the topic: "

BRAND RECOGNITION OF FISH SAUCE ORIGIN OF HAI PHONG THROUGH THE CASE STUDY OF THE RETAIL MARKET IN HANOI CITY".We hope to receive the attention of the Journal to improve the author's article. The author looks forward to receiving the earliest reply from the editor.Sincerely thank!
Navigating the Challenges of the Multi-Phase Thru-Hiking Experience
Authors: Cole Taylor , Thomsen Jennifer
Published: July 2021

Thru-hiking is an immersive recreational activity that involves hiking over long periods and often traversing thousands of miles of trail across multiple states. This unique recreation activity is growing rapidly, yet there are limited studies in the outdoor recreation field about the short- and long-term challenges and how individuals navigate challenges during the different phases of the thru-hike experience. To better understand the multiple phases of the thru-hiking experience, this study focused on the thru-hikers of the Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail (PNNST). Multi-phase semi-structured interviews were conducted with PNNST thru-hikers before their hike (anticipation phase), directly after completion (on-site phase), and two months after completion (recollection phase). The research illuminated the importance of physical and psychological preparation, how thru-hikers navigated challenges while hiking, and how hikers transitioned to everyday life. These findings contribute to the outdoor recreation field’s understanding of the unique aspects of thru-hiking as a recreational activity and can inform management practices to support a positive, safe, and transformational experience across the different phases of recreation.
Applying the Ecological Model to Explore the Influential Factors in Children’s Outdoor Recreation Participation
Authors: O’Farrell Paige , Liu Hung-Ling , Carotta Christin
Published: July 2021

Childhood is a key developmental period for important physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development. It can serve as a foundation for behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes that carry into adulthood. In terms of outdoor recreation, existing literature denotes many childhood benefits and finds that children who participate in outdoor activities are likely to continue participation into adulthood. This paper uses an ecological perspective to broaden the exploration of childhood factors that contribute to youth participation in outdoor recreation, including interpersonal, community, and societal factors. Of particular importance are parental and family factors, suggesting that outdoor recreation professionals focus on family programming to foster sustainable participation. Adopting an ecological perspective also emphasizes the importance of creating community partnerships, supportive environments, and inclusive programming for diverse children and adults.
Perspectives on Authorship and Authority
Authors: Lorek-Jezińska Edyta , Strehlau Nelly , Więckowska Katarzyna
Published: July 2021

This article outlines selected shifts in thinking about authorship and authority that have occurred in literary and cultural studies in the aftermath of Roland Barthes’s proclamation of the death of the author, followed by the author’s many revivals. Reconsidering Barthes’s seminal essay and confronting it with Michel Foucault’s query about the author-function, the article comments on Seán Burke’s polemical stance concerning situated authorship. Against these general considerations, several areas in which authorship and authority have been reconceptualized are briefly discussed, referring to the themes addressed in this volume. These areas embrace the problems of representing and using somebody else’s story in visual arts and testimonial theatre, the challenges of individual and cultural situatedness of writing within one’s own output and in reference to more general cultural hauntings as well as the processes of self-formation in the interactions between a variety of texts forming life-writing.
Gazing at Eurydice: Authorship and Otherness in Bracha L. Ettinger
Authors: Kisiel Anna
Published: July 2021

A historical photograph of women and children from the Mizocz ghetto taken in 1942 just before their execution constitutes one of the most recurring motifs in Bracha L. Ettinger’s visual art. By means of her artworks, Ettinger endeavours to retrieve these women’s dignity and work through their traumas at a point when they are unable to do it themselves. Yet, one cannot ignore a number of questions that arise in the context of this kind of aesthetic practice; after all, Ettinger uses an archival photograph, taken by an anonymous photographer, and her acts of altering and decontextualising this “ready-made” material are aimed at producing a certain artistic effect. The objective of this article is to reflect on the issue of authorship in Bracha L. Ettinger’s theory and art. Having introduced two Eurydicial artworks, I proceed to unravel the status of a matrixial artist-author. In order to do so, I analyse such notions as ready-made art, matrixial Otherness, trauma of the World, gaze, and appropriation.
The (Self)portrait of a Writer: A Hermeneutic Reading of Virginia Woolf’s (Auto)biographical Writings
Authors: Hołda Małgorzata
Published: July 2021

Woolf’s maturing as a writer was deeply influenced by her traumatic experiences in childhood, the (in)capacitating states of mental instability, as well as her proto-feminist convictions. Long before Barthes, she toppled the traditional position of the author, and her literary enshrinement of “the other reality” reached unity with the world rather than individuality. This article ponders Woolf’s creative impulse and investigates her autobiographical writings to show the import of their impact on her fiction, which, as Woolfian scholarship suggests, can be viewed as autobiographical, too. I argue that philosophical hermeneutics sheds light on the self-portrait that emerges from Woolf’s autobiographical writings and offers a rewarding insight into her path of becoming an author. I assert that Paul Ricoeur’s philosophy of subjectivity, and, in particular, his notion of narrative identity provide a route to examine how Woolf discovers her writing voice. In light of his hermeneutics of the self, the dispersed elements of the narrative of life can be seen as a possibility of self-encounter. Woolf’s writings bespeak her gradually evolving self-knowledge and self-understanding, which come from the configuration of those separate “stories” into a meaningful whole. The article also interprets Woolf’s autobiographical writings through the prism of Michel Foucault’s reflection on discourse and subjectivity, indicating that her texts instantiate his assertion of the subject’s constant disappearance.
Construction of Saturated Designs for Mixture Experiments
Authors: Banerjee Rahul , Jaggi Seema , Varghese Eldho , Bhowmik Arpan , Datta Anindita , Varghese Cini
Published: July 2021

Mixture Experiments are very common in real life experiments. Designing a mixture experiment involves selection of the proportion of the mixture components in a fashion such that a mathematical model can be fitted adequately and the parameters could be estimated. In agricultural experiments, the mixture components may be several sources of the input applied or input may be applied at different crop growth stages in splits such that total quantity applied to the crop is constant. Efficient designs for mixture experiments are useful when the response is assumed to depend on the relative proportions of the ingredients present in the mixture. A number of algorithms and heuristics are available in literature; however, a limited work has been done in the use of algorithms for mixture experiments. There is a need to develop designs for mixture experiments in smaller number of runs for a specific model for varying proportions using algorithmic approach. In this study we have developed algorithms to construct saturated designs fort mixture experiments. The algorithm provides a greater flexibility in design construction in comparison to the traditional approach in terms of models to be fitted; number of runs to be requited etc. These designs are very well suited in real life experiments. The use of algorithms in construction of designs for mixture experiments not only reduces the computational cost but also results in a more efficient search of the design in a continuous design space.
A Study to Evaluate Growers Response in Vocational Training Programmes on Mushroom Cultivation Organized by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Moga
Authors: Mavi H.K. , Thakur Prerna
Published: July 2021

Background: Mushroom production can play a vital role to alleviate poverty by generating employment prospects for jobless educated youth along with additional income in rural and semi-urban areas. The present study was conducted to find out the growers’ response to vocational trainings on mushroom production at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Moga.
Methods: The respondents consisted of 212 trainees who had undergone vocational training on mushroom production techniques from KVK, Moga between the years 2015-16 to 2019-20.
Result: It was observed that pre-training knowledge score was not much satisfactory for all the aspects of training programme. However, the knowledge score gained by respondents after training was more satisfactory in all the aspects. The study revealed that exposure to training had increased the knowledge of participants regarding techniques of mushroom production by 80.75 per cent. The reason behind the satisfactory change in perception level might be due to well educational background, keen interest of participants and methods followed for technology transfer to the trainees. Some trainees even adopted mushroom cultivation as self-employment and set up their own units. The study revealed that the mushroom production training has created a favourable attitude among the trainees and also enhanced the economic level of beneficiaries who adopted it as a source of livelihood.
​Farmer’s Willingness-to-Pay for Animal Health and Livestock Insurance Services in Milking State of India: Empirical Findings from Rural Areas of Gujarat
Authors: Yadav Pushpa , Chandel B.S. , Agarwal Punit , Sirohi Smita , Chand Prem
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the results of a referendum-style contingent valuation survey conducted in one of the richest milking states of India. 200 households were surveyed to study the farmer’s preferences and choices for the health, breeding and insurance services. The objective of the survey was to assess the preference structure and the willingness of poor farmers to pay for veterinary health and insurance services. It is a comparative study between the existing situation and improved situation, that how the willingness to pay (WTP) will change if the quality of the health, breeding and insurance services will improve. The results show that farmers are willing to pay for assured access to veterinary services. Majority of the households value these services tremendously and are not looking for subsidies provided by the government institutions. It was noticed that farmer’s willingness to pay was much higher than the amount government institutions were presently charging for improved livestock support services, e.g. health and AI services. Though the coverage of Livestock insurance was low but it was found that farmers were ready to pay high amount of premium charges if the insurance services are easily available to the farmer’s door step with very less paper work and other formalities. Combining the findings of this survey with other closely related studies and the changing structure the input and output markets for livestock sector, the paper suggests specific policy measures to more effectively meet the expanding livestock services needs of poor livestock farmers.
Enhancing Sesame Production through Frontline Demonstration
Authors: Choudhary Rakesh , Nehra Mamta
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted in Sirohi district of Rajasthan to analyse the yield and economics of sesame under frontline demonstrations. The results of study revealed that sesame yield under demonstrations was substantially higher over local check. The average yield obtained from the three years of demonstrations was 24. 83 per cent higher than the average yield obtained from local check. FLD participating farmers fetched better price of their produce as compared to the control group (local checks) during the study period. The average net returns obtained from demonstrations was Rs. 5900/hectare higher than the average net returns obtained from local check.
Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Consumers Online Purchase Behavior of Food Products in Bangalore City
Authors: Rasoli Sebghatullah Rashid , . Siddayya , Kunduzi Mohammad Omer
Published: July 2021

Background: Online purchase has a very important role to play in creating consistent demand for farmers’ products and linking them directly to final consumers. Preferences of consumers are the most important driver of online purchases that prosper the linkage between farmers and the final consumers and these preferences are vastly influenced by consumers’ socio-economic characteristics. The current study was conducted to analyse the influence of socio-economic factors on the online purchase of food products in Bangalore city. Methods: Individual cross-sectional data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire from 105 consumers of randomly selected areas of Bangalore city namely, Sahakarnagar, Judicial Layout, Yelahanka, Canara bank layout, Mahadevapura, Sanjaynagar and Jayanagar. Binary logistic regression was applied as the research method to examine the influence of socio-economic characteristics like gender, age, occupation, education, number of family members with income and income (as predictor variables) towards the online purchase of food products (as dependent variable). Result: Results indicated that age (negatively), number of family members earning income and monthly income (positively) significantly influenced the online purchase of food products. Other variables like education, gender (in favour of men) and occupation also influenced (positively) the outcome variable but, statistically were not significant.
Seasonal Variations in Biogas Production from Excreta of Monogastric Farm Animals under Tropical Climate
Authors: Muhammad Anzar , Kannan A. , George Sabin , Anil K.S. , Usha A.P. , Davis Justin
Published: July 2021

The present study analysed the changes in the quantity and composition of biogas produced from the excreta of swine, rabbit and poultry during monsoon and summer seasons. The highest volume of biogas production was observed in rabbit excreta (0.0813 ± 0.0007m3), followed by poultry excreta (0.0778 ± 0.0005 m3) and swine excreta (0.0738 ± 0.0004 m3). Methane concentration was higher in biogas produced from rabbit excreta (70.96 ± 0.19) followed by that from poultry excreta (66.87 ± 0.21) and swine excreta (62.41 ± 0.20), whereas carbon dioxide concentration was highest in swine excreta (28.07 ± 0 .32) followed by rabbit excreta (24.54 ± 0.15) and poultry excreta (22.14 ± 0.14). The biogas production was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in the summer season compared to monsoon in all three substrates. It was observed that daily mean temperature had a significant positive relationship and relative humidity had a negative relationship with the quantity of biogas produced (P less than 0.01). The gas production also had a significant positive correlation with the temperature and pH of the digesta.
​Changes in Prices and Arrivals of Major Oilseed Crops in APMC Amreli (Gujarat): An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Dudhat A.S. , Yadav Pushpa , Prajapati A.P.
Published: July 2021

The price volatility has been the main centre of attention for policy planners. This study therefore, aims to examine the changes in price and arrivals of major oilseeds of APMC, Amreli (Gujarat) analyzing monthly time series data of last twenty years. The findings emerged from the study revealed that the month wise and year wise highest changes were observed for the groundnut (semi spreading), followed by sesamum (white). Month wise severe changes were observed in the price of sesamum (white), while year wise severe changes were observed for the sesamum (black). On the basis of adjusted R2, price model of semi-spreading groundnut was found to be the best fit among all the models.