bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study of EHD-Enhanced Forced Convection Using Two-Way Coupling
Authors: Huang M. , Lai F. C.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, numerical results are presented for heat transfer enhancement using electric field in forced convection in a horizontal channel. The electric field is generated by charging a wire electrode located at the center of the channel with direct current at a high voltage. The main objective of the present study is to verify the assumption that is commonly used in the numerical study of this kind of problems, which assumes the electric field can modify the flow field but not vice versa (i.e., the so-called one-way coupling). To this end, numerical solutions have been obtained for a wide range of governing parameters (Vo = 10, 12.5, 15 and 17.5 kV as well as ui = 0.0759 to 1.2144 m/s) using both one-way and two-way couplings. Using the two-way coupling approach, the possible modification of the electric field by the primary flow, which was previously neglected, is accounted for. The results obtained using these two approaches, in terms of the flow, temperature, and electric fields as well as the heat transfer enhancement, are thoroughly examined. In addition, their influence over the flow stability is investigated. Finally, the conclusion about the validity of the one-way coupling is reached at the end of the study.
Magnetic Control of Transport Phenomena in CZ Crystal Growth Processes
Authors: Gunzburger M. , Ozugurlu E. , Turner J. , Zhang H.
Published: November 2021

Magnetic fields have been widely used in industry to enhance the performance of crystal growth processes. However, no attempts have been made at applying optimization strategies to effect optimal enhancements. Here, a mathematical formulation and computational techniques are presented to describe optimal control and design strategies for the suppression of turbulent motions in the melt and the minimization of temperature gradients in the crystal in Czochralski crystal growth processes. It is shown that an axial magnetic field can effectively suppress convection in Czochralski growth of silicon. Other control parameters such as crystal and crucible rotation rates are found to be less effective.
Mathematical Modeling of Transient Flow and Heat Transfer in Gas Stirred Molten Steel
Authors: Xia J. L. , Ahokainen T.
Published: November 2021

Transient two phase flow and heat transfer in a gas-stirred steel ladle are numerically investigated. An Eulerian two fluid approach is used. The drag, lift and turbulent dispersion forces are taken into account for the interface interactions. Different interface heat transfer correlations such as Ranz-Marshall and Hughmark relations are used to examine the influence of heat transfer between gas-liquid interface on the flow. The flow pattern, the histories of both gas and molten steel temperatures, and the thermal stratification history are presented. Results show that gas injection can homogenize thermal field and result in a thermal stratification of about 2 °C only (not complete homogenization). The different heat transfer correlations examined for the bubble-liquid interface have negligible impact on the flow and thermal fields. Predictions are compared with experimental data measured in an industrial ladle and a reasonable agreement is achieved.
Analysis of the Effect of Heating Control Conditions on Temperature Distribution in a Wafer During Rapid Thermal Processing With Lamp Heaters
Authors: Hirasawa Shigeki , Suzuki Tadashi , Maruyama Shigenao , Takeuchi Yuhei
Published: November 2021

To unify temperature distribution in a wafer during rapid thermal processing, we calculated the effect of the heating control conditions on temperature distributions in the wafer during heat-up and at steady state by using a program for analyzing three-dimensional radiative heat transfer. We calculated optimum monitoring positions on the wafer in order to minimize the temperature distribution in the wafer. The effects of rotating the wafer, the spacing between the wafer and the shielding ring, the number of monitoring positions, and the initial non-uniform temperature distribution were also calculated. The minimum steady temperature distribution in the wafer at the optimum condition was calculated as ±0.1 K during 100 K/s heat-up and ±0.02 K at 1273 K steady state. We also developed a rapid parallel-computation technique to find the optimum heating control conditions for the whole heating process.
The Effect of Packing Microstructure on the Effective Conductivity of Random Sphere Packing for Sintering Applications
Authors: Lee S. H.-K. , Siu W. W. M. , Ip S. C.-H.
Published: November 2021

Sintering is a thermally activated solid diffusion process. Study of the heat transfer process is one of the key elements for the improvement of sintering technology. Within sphere packings, the three-dimensional interconnected network of spheres and the interconnected pore structures are very complex. In order to bypass this complexity, typically, the porous medium approach has been used for applications allow relative coarse resolution. However, for sintering studies, the traditional effective conductivity determination may not be directly applicable. Firstly, the porosity variation may be very rigorous due to the non-uniform densification process with a stiff temperature gradient. Furthermore, a fine control volume is required for the fine temperature resolution for studying the effect on unbalance densification rate within packings. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the dependence of the effective conductivity of the small packing on the detailed packing parameters, such as coordination number and the contact radius ratio. Indeed, this study was one of the first attempts to investigate such effect. A numerical study was performed. The results showed that porosity is indeed not the unique parameter for describing the packing structure while the mean coordination number and the mean contact radius ratio are more appropriate for small population size of spheres. With the developed correlation, the effective conductivity can be directly determined for any packing with the known mean coordination number and the known contact radius ratio without requiring any empirical determination.
Nanolithography With a NSOM Tip: Part I — Numerical Simulations
Authors: Fang Nicholas , Zhang Xiang , Xi Min
Published: November 2021

Due to its ability of recording images of surfaces with subwavelength resolution, near-field scanning optical lithography (NSOL) provides a prospective solution for nanolithography. A variety of different photolithography processes at the nanoscale have been realized. However, the development of polymerization at optical near field is yet an unexplored area to researchers. In this paper, we report a series of computerized simulations to investigate some basic phenomena in NSOL.

In this work, we introduce a cylindrical model to represent the metal-coated NSOM tip illuminated by a Gaussian beam. Using numerical method to solve the Maxwell equations to determine light intensity distribution, we applied the result of intensity profile for the first time to study the induced photo-polymerization from reaction kinetic equations of continuum media. We then studied the dependence of curing height and curing radius upon exposure time, with the optimized aperture size and tip sample distance. It has been demonstrated in this work the feasibility of nanolithography with NSOM tip, which would provide a new pathway to nanofabrication.
Nanolithography With a NSOM Tip: Part II — Experiments
Authors: Fang Nicholas , Sun Cheng , Wan Zhiliang , Zhang Xiang
Published: November 2021

We present in this paper a nanolithographic method by introducing a local photo-polymerization in the proximity of tapered optical fiber tip immersed in photocurable resin. The metallic apertured tip, when approached to a solid substrate at a few nanometers distance, delivers UV light to the vicinity of the tip apex and forms a subwavelength light source. The confined light source permits the polymerization to occur locally at the tip extremity, thus allowing generation of micronic/nanometric polymer features. The nanometric positioning control, realized by a commercial AFM operating in tapping mode, ensures the automation of nanolithographic process. The preliminary results presented here validate the concept of near field scanning optical lithography.
Flow Monitoring in Liquid Composite Moulding Based on Linear Direct Current Sensing Technique
Authors: Luthy Thierry , Ermanni Paolo
Published: November 2021

On-line monitoring of the Liquid Composite Moulding (LCM) process is a key element to improve part quality and to reduce manufacturing cost. In this context, direct current (DC) resistance measurement is a promising sensing technique allowing to track both flow front position and degree of curing of the resin during injection. An original measurement technique called Linear Direct Current (LDC) based on the same physical principle as DC was developed to record the flow front position continuously and not only at discrete nodes location. Preliminary measurements in a 1D-flow channel have shown the large influence of the hardware configuration on the accuracy of the LDC system. Further flow experiments were conducted with the support of an embedded print plate in the flow channel as LDC sensor. These 2D measurements have demonstrated the relative good accuracy and stability of the LDC system. Evaluation criteria include qualitative comparison between visual- and LDC-monitoring system with regard to position and shape of the flow front. A software was developed in-house to display the 2D flow front position based on the information delivered by the LDC-system. This study has shown the potential of this original technique to monitor LCM-injection processes. Next steps will include the application of the LDC-technology in a real industrial environment to support the fabrication of complex shaped 3D-structures.
Effect of Time-Dependent Boundary Conditions on Epidermal Tissue Damage During Port Wine Stain Laser Surgery
Authors: Aguilar Guillermo , Valdes Sergio H. Diaz , Nelson J. Stuart , Lavernia Enrique J.
Published: November 2021

Port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks are a congenital and progressive vascular malformation of the dermis, involving capillaries, which occurs in approximately 0.7% of children. The objective of laser surgery for this and similar conditions is to cause selective thermal damage, thrombosis, and, eventually, permanent photocoagulation in the PWS vessels. To achieve this, the radiated laser light is set at a specific wavelength, which is highly absorbed by the blood vessels’ hemoglobin (the major chromophore in blood). Unfortunately, the PWS vessels do not absorb all energy radiated — a significant amount is also absorbed by hemoglobin in the ectatic capillaries of the upper dermis. This unwanted absorption causes two problems: firstly, insufficient heat generation within the targeted vessels leads to poor clinical results, and, secondly, there is an increased risk of damage to the overlying epidermis.

In current PWS laser therapy, cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is used effectively to cool and protect selectively the epidermis (tens of micrometers thick) prior to the laser pulse, while minimally cooling the blood vessels. The thermal response of the system is characterized by time and/or temperature dependent boundary conditions. However, in many recent studies, the boundary conditions induced by CSC are regarded as constant. In the present work we study the effects of time-dependent boundary conditions on the overall epidermal thermal damage after PWS laser therapy. We use computer models to simulate the laser light distribution, heat diffusion, and tissue damage, and introduce experimentally determined time-dependent boundary conditions measured for custom-made and commercial atomizing nozzles. We show that time-dependent boundary conditions have a significant effect in the optimal laser dose required to induce photocoagulation of PWS blood vessels while preserving the epidermis.
Mechanical Properties of Novel Nanocrystalline Materials
Authors: Narayan J. , Wang H. , Kvit A.
Published: November 2021

We have synthesized nanocrystalline thin films of Cu, Zn, TiN, and WC having uniform grain size in the range of 5 to 100 nm. This was accomplished by introducing a couple of manolayers of materials with high surface and have a weak interaction with the substrate. The hardness measurements of these well-characterized specimens with controlled microstructures show that hardness initially increases with decreasing grain size following the well-known Hall-Petch relationship (H∝d−½). However, there is a critical grain size below which the hardness decreases with decreasing grain size. The experimental evidence for this softening of nanocrystalline materials at very small grain sizes (referred as reverse Hall-Petch effect) is presented for the first time. Most of the plastic deformation in our model is envisioned to be due to a large number of small “sliding events” associated with grain boundary shear or grain boundary sliding. This grain-size dependence of hardness can be used to create functionally gradient materials for improved adhesion and wear among other improved properties.
Automatic Repetitive Remapping Applied to the Solution of Indirect Extrusion
Authors: Verderber Rudy R.
Published: November 2021

This paper describes automatic repetitive remapping applied to the solution of indirect extrusion. The application for indirect extrusion is microforging. The remapping algorithm and automatic remapping are critical in the Lagrangian solution of indirect extrusion. The FEA prediction agrees with a closed form solution of the die extrusion force.
An oligomeric semiconducting nanozyme with ultrafast electron transfers alleviates acute brain injury
Authors: Mu Xiaoyu , Wang Junying , He Hua , Li Qifeng , Yang Bing , Wang Junhui , Liu Haile , Gao Yalong , Ouyang Lufei , Sun Si , Ren Qinjuan , Shi Xinjian , Hao Wenting , Fei Qiaoman , Yang Jiang , Li Lulin , Vest Ryan , Wyss-Coray Tony , Luo Jian , Zhang Xiao-Dong
Published: November 2021

An oligomeric nanozyme with ultrafast electron transfer can achieve high catalytic activity and alleviate acute brain injury.
Validation of antibodies: Lessons learned from the Common Fund Protein Capture Reagents Program
Authors: Roy Ananda L. , Wilder Elizabeth L. , Anderson James M.
Published: November 2021

Large-scale validation is extremely challenging as validation remains “in the eye of the beholder.”
The Influence ofFUT2andFUT3Polymorphisms and Nasopharyngeal Microbiome on Respiratory Infections in Breastfed Bangladeshi Infants from the Microbiota and Health Study
Authors: Binia Aristea , Siegwald Léa , Sultana Shamima , Shevlyakova Maya , Lefebvre Gregory , Foata Francis , Combremont Séverine , Charpagne Aline , Vidal Karine , Sprenger Norbert , Rahman Mahbubar , Palleja Albert , Eklund Aron C. , Nielsen Henrik Bjørn , Brüssow Harald , Sarker Shafiqul Alam , Sakwinska Olga
Published: November 2021

The observed risk reduction of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) among infants of secretor mothers during the predominant breastfeeding period is consistent with the hypothesis that fucosylated oligosaccharides in human milk contribute to protection against respiratory infections. Respiratory pathogens were only weak modulators of risk, and the nasopharyngeal microbiome did not influence ARI risk, suggesting that the associated protective effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are not conveyed via changes in the nasopharyngeal microbiome.
Spatial and Temporal Constraints on the Composition of Microbial Communities in Subsurface Boreholes of the Edgar Experimental Mine
Authors: Thieringer Patrick H. , Honeyman Alexander S. , Spear John R.
Published: November 2021

The Edgar Experimental Mine, Idaho Springs, CO, provides inexpensive and open access to borehole investigations for subsurface microbiology studies. Understanding how microbial processes in the near subsurface are connected to surface hydrological influences is lacking.
Fast Algorithms for LS and LAD-Collaborative Regression
Authors: Sun Jun , Kong Lingchen , Li Mei
Published: November 2021

With the development of modern science and technology, it is easy to obtain a large number of high-dimensional datasets, which are related but different. Classical unimodel analysis is less likely to capture potential links between the different datasets. Recently, a collaborative regression model based on least square (LS) method for this problem has been proposed. In this paper, we propose a robust collaborative regression based on the least absolute deviation (LAD). We give the statistical interpretation of the LS-collaborative regression and LAD-collaborative regression. Then we design an efficient symmetric Gauss–Seidel-based alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm to solve the two models, which has the global convergence and the Q-linear rate of convergence. Finally we report numerical experiments to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed methods.
Asymptotic Analysis for a Stochastic Second-Order Cone Programming and Applications
Authors: Zhang Jie , Shi Yue , Tong Mengmeng , Li Siying
Published: November 2021

Stochastic second-order cone programming (SSOCP) is an extension of deterministic second-order cone programming, which demonstrates underlying uncertainties in practical problems arising in economics engineering and operations management. In this paper, asymptotic analysis of sample average approximation estimator for SSOCP is established. Conditions ensuring the asymptotic normality of sample average approximation estimators for SSOCP are obtained and the corresponding covariance matrix is described in a closed form. Based on the analysis, the method to estimate the confidence region of a stationary point of SSOCP is provided and three examples are illustrated to show the applications of the method.
First principle calculation of electronic, optical and magnetic properties of Zn1−xFexSe compound
Authors: Ismayilova N. A. , Abbasov I. I.
Published: November 2021

By employing the first principles method within the generalized gradient approximation for the exchange and correlation potential, the electronic, optical and magnetic properties of pure and Fe-doped zinc-blende ZnSe are investigated. According to the obtained band structure, density of state and optical spectrum the electronic origin of the maxima in the optical spectrum has been observed. The optical spectrum peak is generated mainly from the charge transfer between the Se(4[Formula: see text] and Zn(3[Formula: see text] states. Our results reveal that the strong spin polarization of the 3[Formula: see text] states of the Fe atoms is the origin of antiferromagnetism in Zn[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]Se. A decrease in the concentration of iron atoms in the supercell does not affect the stability of the AFM phase.
Investigation of structural, optical and electrical properties of Barium (Ba2+)- and Strontium (Sr2+)-doped Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 ceramics
Authors: Karma Nikita , Saleem M. , Kaurav Netram , Dager H. S.
Published: November 2021

In this work, we discuss the synthesis, characterization and dielectric properties of Bi[Formula: see text]La[Formula: see text](Ba/Sr)[Formula: see text]FeO3 [[Formula: see text]] ceramic compounds. These samples were synthesized via a solid-state reaction method and then characterized for structural analysis exploiting the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The Rietveld refinement data inferred that all the prepared samples were acquired a monoclinic phase with space group C1c1. Field emission scanning electron micrographs (FE-SEM) images of the samples indicated highly grown grains with a moderate level of grain boundary development across the sample. The energy dispersive analysis of the X-ray (EDAX) diffraction spectra analysis confirmed that the composition was free from foreign impurities. Further, UV–Vis experiment was conducted and estimated average value of optical bandgap was about 2.2 eV, which is highly recommended for photocatalytic and opto-electronic device applications. Room-temperature dielectric studies revealed that samples were extremely good dielectric materials with low dielectric loss, which is important for storage device applications. In addition, the depressed semicircles obtained from impedance analysis indicated that the samples exhibited distributed relaxation times and non-Debye behavior.
Collisions between solitary waves propagating in the two-dimensional hexagonal packing granular system
Authors: Yang X.-Q. , Jiao J.-P. , Meng X.-W. , Wei Z.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we investigate head-on and overtaking collisions of two solitary waves propagating in two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal packing confined in a rectangular region, using the fifth-order Runge–Kutta numerical scheme. In the head-on collision, numerical results indicate that the velocity amplitude of the solitary waves and the second solitary waves is proportional to the impacting velocity of the solitary waves. The relationship between phase shift and impacting velocity satisfies the equation [Formula: see text]. For head-on collisions of the waves with an equal amplitude of velocity, this power exponent is [Formula: see text], which can be well predicted by the binary collision approximation theory. For the case of head-on collisions between the waves with unequal amplitudes of solitary waves, this power exponent becomes [Formula: see text]. During an overtaking collision, the fast solitary wave has a positive phase shift, and the slow solitary wave has a negative phase shift. The phase shift of the fast solitary wave also has a power exponential relationship with the impacting velocity. The two waves either form a single peak in transition, or remain separated throughout the encounter with a double-peak formation depending on the ratio of the impacting velocity of solitary waves. The critical condition between the two regimes is consistent with those obtained by the Korteweg–de Vries model.
Lung Health Analysis: Adventitious Respiratory Sound Classification Using Filterbank Energies
Authors: Mukherjee Himadri , Salam Hanan , Santosh KC
Published: November 2021

Audio-based healthcare technologies are among the most significant applications of pattern recognition and Artificial Intelligence. Lately, a major chunk of the World population has been infected with serious respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. Early recognition of lung health abnormalities can facilitate early intervention, and decrease the mortality rate of the infected population. Research has shown that it is possible to automatically monitor lung health abnormalities through respiratory sounds. In this paper, we propose an approach that employs filter bank energy-based features and Random Forests to classify lung problem types from respiratory sounds. The adventitious sounds, crackles and wheezes appear distinct to the human ear. Moreover, different sounds are characterized by different frequency ranges that are dominant. The proposed approach attempts to distinguish the adventitious sounds (crackles and wheezes) by modeling the human auditory perception of these sounds. Specifically, we propose a respiratory sounds representation technique capable of modeling the dominant frequency range present in such sounds. On a publicly available dataset (ICBHI) of size 6898 cycles spanning over 5[Formula: see text]h, our results can be compared with the state-of-the-art results, in distinguishing two different types of adventitious sounds: crackles and wheezes.
On equivalence of symmetric union presentations for ribbon knots
Authors: Tanaka Toshifumi
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we show that there exists a knot which has infinitely many non-equivalent symmetric union presentations with the same partial knots. We also define an invariant of a symmetric union presentation and give alternative proofs to results of Eisermann and Lamm and a result of Collari and Lisca by using methods in 3-dimensional topology.
Modulation instability in the presence of slowly varying saturable nonlinearity, dispersion and a PT-symmetric external potential over the length of waveguide
Authors: Sharma Vivek Kumar
Published: November 2021

We study the modulation instability (MI) for optical wave propagation in the presence of slowly varying saturable nonlinearity, group velocity dispersion and a PT-symmetric external potential over the length of tapered graded-index waveguide. First we study the MI with space-dependent dispersion and saturated nonlinearity and then with constant dispersion and saturated nonlinearity. We analytically compute the growth rate and analyze the possibility of existence of MI for focussing and defocussing nonlinearities for different choices of group velocity dispersion terms and saturated nonlinearities. We observe that MI is independent of PT symmetric potential term and typically depends upon the choice of group velocity dispersion term, nonlinearity, saturated nonlinearity and wave amplitude. MI gain decreases with increase in cw amplitude however it increases with increase in saturated nonlinearity both for focussing and defocussing nonlinearities.
Forecasting Monthly Rainfall using Bio-Inspired Artificial Algae Deep Learning Network
Authors: Kala A. , Vaidyanathan S. Ganesh
Published: November 2021

Rainfall forecasting is the most critical and challenging task because of its dependence on different climatic and weather parameters. Hence, robust and accurate rainfall forecasting models need to be created by applying various machine learning and deep learning approaches. Several automatic systems were created to predict the weather, but it depends on the type of weather pattern, season and location, which leads in maximizing the processing time. Therefore, in this work, significant artificial algae long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning network is introduced to forecast the monthly rainfall. During this process, Homogeneous Indian Monthly Rainfall Data Set (1871–2016) is utilized to collect the rainfall information. The gathered information is computed with the help of an LSTM approach, which is able to process the time series data and predict the dependency between the data effectively. The most challenging phase of LSTM training process is finding optimal network parameters such as weight and bias. For obtaining the optimal parameters, one of the Meta heuristic bio-inspired algorithms called Artificial Algae Algorithm (AAA) is used. The forecasted rainfall for the testing dataset is compared with the existing models. The forecasted results exhibit superiority of our model over the state-of-the-art models for forecasting Indian Monsoon rainfall. The LSTM model combined with AAA predicts the monsoon from June–September accurately.
Gâteaux type path-dependent PDEs and BSDEs with Gaussian forward processes
Authors: Barrasso Adrien , Russo Francesco
Published: November 2021

We are interested in path-dependent semilinear PDEs, where the derivatives are of Gâteaux type in specific directions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], being the kernel functions of a Volterra Gaussian process [Formula: see text]. Under some conditions on [Formula: see text] and the coefficients of the PDE, we prove existence and uniqueness of a decoupled mild solution, a notion introduced in a previous paper by the authors. We also show that the solution of the PDE can be represented through BSDEs where the forward (underlying) process is [Formula: see text].
Regularity for distribution-dependent SDEs driven by jump processes
Authors: Song Yulin , Wang Zengwu
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the following [Formula: see text]-dimensional distribution-dependent stochastic differential equation driven by a pure jump process is studied: [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] denotes the distribution of [Formula: see text]. The differentiability of the map [Formula: see text] is investigated in the sense of [Formula: see text]. By the Malliavin calculus for jump processes, the following Bismut type derivative formula is established, [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a test function and [Formula: see text] is a random variable depending on the initial value [Formula: see text]. Sharp gradient estimates in short time are also obtained.
A method to enhance the noise robustness of correlation velocity measurement using discrete wavelet transform
Authors: Son Pong-Chol , Kim Kyong-Il , Choe Kyong-Chol , Kye Hyok-Il
Published: November 2021

Navigation at sea requires accurate velocity measurement of a vehicle relative to the seabed. Correlation velocity measurement techniques are efficiently used to measure the velocity of underwater vehicles because they are not affected by sound speed compared to Doppler techniques, have several advantages such as small size and power consumption and tracking deep seabed. We consider the relationship of maximum correlation coefficient and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which are important parameters in correlation velocity measurement and present the maximum correlation coefficient equation according to SNR. Next, we propose a method of the noise robustness enhancement using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) in correlation velocity measurement. In addition, we evaluate the noise robustness of the proposed method and various methods of correlation velocity measurement through simulation, and present the maximum correlation coefficient equation according to SNR of our method. Simulation results show that new method of correlation velocity measurement using wavelet thresholding proposed in this paper improves the noise robustness of correlation velocity measurement more than various methods. In addition, in correlation velocity log (CVL) operating under low SNR below 6 dB, the maximum correlation coefficient of new method increases more than 0.1 than the classical method. Simulation results show that the new method of correlation velocity measurement considerably improved the noise robustness of spatial CVL than classical method, and the noise robustness of new method is highest among various methods of correlation velocity measurement.
Jackson-type theorem on approximation by non-stationary periodic wavelets
Authors: Gorsanova Anastassia
Published: November 2021

In this paper, sufficient conditions on non-stationary periodic wavelet systems to provide good approximation properties of wavelet expansions are established. The approximation error is estimated in terms of modulus of continuity in [Formula: see text]-spaces.
Optimal Sizing and Location of Distributed Generators for Power Flow Analysis in Smart Grid Using IAS-MVPA Strategy
Authors: Cherukupalli Kumar , Anand N Vijaya
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the optimal distribution generation (DG) size and location for power flow analysis at the smart grid by hybrid method are proposed. The proposed hybrid method is the Interactive Autodidactic School (IAS) and the Most Valuable Player Algorithm (MVPA) and commonly named as IAS-MVPA method. The main aim of this work is to reduce line loss and total harmonic distortion (THD), similarly, to recover the voltage profile of system through the optimal location and size of the distributed generators and optimal rearrangement of network. Here, IAS-MVPA method is utilized as a rectification tool to get the maximum DG size and the maximal reconfiguration of network at environmental load variation. In case of failure, the IAS method is utilized for maximizing the DG location. The IAS chooses the line of maximal power loss as optimal location to place the DG based on the objective function. The fault violates the equality and inequality restrictions of the safe limit system. From the control parameters, the low voltage drift is improved using the MVPA method. The low-voltage deviation has been exploited for obtaining the maximum capacity of the DG. After that, the maximum capacity is used at maximum location that improves the power flow of the system. The proposed system is performed on MATLAB/Simulink platform, and the effectiveness is assessed by comparing it with various existing processes such as generic algorithm (GA), Cuttle fish algorithm (CFA), adaptive grasshopper optimization algorithm (AGOA) and artificial neural network (ANN).
Tunable luminescence and cytotoxicity of Samarium-doped calcium–strontium–hydroxyapatite for cell imaging
Authors: Qiao Yinpo
Published: November 2021

Samarium (Sm)-doped calcium–strontium–hydroxyapatite (Ca–Sr–HA:Sm) materials were designed and prepared, and the influence of Sr-introduction on the structure, photoluminescence (PL) and cytotoxicity of samples was revealed. The Sr-doping deduces the shift of some diffraction peaks to smaller angles and enlarges the particle size of samples. The typical red– orange emissions and corresponding luminescence quenching of Sm[Formula: see text] were observed, and the optimal luminescence performance appeared when [Formula: see text](Sr) = 7(Sr/Ca = 7/3) and quenching concentration closes to [Formula: see text](Sm) = 0.8 mol.%. The non-radiative transitions and energy transfers due to the dipole–dipole interactions between ions with different symmetry are essential to the luminescence and quenching of Sm[Formula: see text]. Furthermore, the viability values of human HepG2 cells are calculated larger than 90%, and the red–orange color emission was observed when the particles are incubated with cells.
Structure, microstructure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of (1−x–y)BiFeO3–xPbFe0.5Nb0.5O3–yPbTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Sitalo E. I. , Boldyrev N. A. , Shilkina L. A. , Nazarenko A. V. , Nagaenko A. V. , Reznichenko L. A.
Published: November 2021

Ceramics of quasi-binary concentration section ([Formula: see text] = 0.50, 0.1 [Formula: see text] 0.2, [Formula: see text] = 0.025) of the ternary solid solution system (1[Formula: see text]BiFeO3–[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]O3–[Formula: see text]PbTiO3 were prepared by the conventional solid-phase reaction method. By using X-ray diffraction technique, the phase diagram of the system was constructed, which was shown to contain the regions of cubic and tetragonal symmetry and the morphotropic phase boundary between them. Grain morphology, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the selected solid solutions were investigated. The highest piezoelectric coefficient [Formula: see text]= 260 pC/N was obtained. Dielectric characteristics of ceramics revealed ferroelectric relaxor behavior, a region of diffuse phase transition from the paraelectric to ferroelectric phase in the temperature range of 350–500 K.
Multilingual Offensive Language Identification for Low-resource Languages
Authors: Ranasinghe Tharindu , Zampieri Marcos
Published: November 2021

Offensive content is pervasive in social media and a reason for concern to companies and government organizations. Several studies have been recently published investigating methods to detect the various forms of such content (e.g., hate speech, cyberbullying, and cyberaggression). The clear majority of these studies deal with English partially because most annotated datasets available contain English data. In this article, we take advantage of available English datasets by applying cross-lingual contextual word embeddings and transfer learning to make predictions in low-resource languages. We project predictions on comparable data in Arabic, Bengali, Danish, Greek, Hindi, Spanish, and Turkish. We report results of 0.8415 F1 macro for Bengali in TRAC-2 shared task [23], 0.8532 F1 macro for Danish and 0.8701 F1 macro for Greek in OffensEval 2020 [58], 0.8568 F1 macro for Hindi in HASOC 2019 shared task [27], and 0.7513 F1 macro for Spanish in in SemEval-2019 Task 5 (HatEval) [7], showing that our approach compares favorably to the best systems submitted to recent shared tasks on these three languages. Additionally, we report competitive performance on Arabic and Turkish using the training and development sets of OffensEval 2020 shared task. The results for all languages confirm the robustness of cross-lingual contextual embeddings and transfer learning for this task.
PCEDNet: A Lightweight Neural Network for Fast and Interactive Edge Detection in 3D Point Clouds
Authors: Himeur Chems-Eddine , Lejemble Thibault , Pellegrini Thomas , Paulin Mathias , Barthe Loic , Mellado Nicolas
Published: November 2021

In recent years, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have proven to be efficient analysis tools for processing point clouds, e.g., for reconstruction, segmentation, and classification. In this article, we focus on the classification of edges in point clouds, where both edges and their surrounding are described. We propose a new parameterization adding to each point a set of differential information on its surrounding shape reconstructed at different scales. These parameters, stored in a
Scale-Space Matrix (SSM)
, provide a well-suited information from which an adequate neural network can learn the description of edges and use it to efficiently detect them in acquired point clouds. After successfully applying a multi-scale CNN on SSMs for the efficient classification of edges and their neighborhood, we propose a new lightweight neural network architecture outperforming the CNN in learning time, processing time, and classification capabilities. Our architecture is compact, requires small learning sets, is very fast to train, and classifies millions of points in seconds.
Black literary technoculture and afrofuturist rupture
Authors: Reynolds Kristen
Published: November 2021

The
Interactions
website (interactions.acm.org) hosts a stable of bloggers who share insights and observations on HCI, often challenging current practices. Each issue we'll publish selected posts from some of the leading and emerging voices in the field.
Mitochondrial redox regulation and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Chen Chwen-Lih , Zhang Liwen , Jin Zhicheng , Kasumov Takhar , Chen Yeong-Renn
Published: November 2021

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as an important mechanism of disease and redox signaling in the cellular system. Under basal or pathological conditions, electron leakage for ROS production is primarily mediated by complexes I and III of the electron transport chain (ETC) and by the proton motive force (PMF), consisting of a membrane potential (ΔΨ) and a proton gradient (ΔpH). Several factors control redox status in mitochondria, including ROS, the PMF, oxidative posttranslational modifications (OPTM) of the ETC subunits, SOD2, and cytochrome c heme lyase (HCCS). In the mitochondrial PMF, increased ΔpH-supported backpressure due to diminishing electron transport and chemiosmosis promotes a more reductive mitochondrial physiological setting. OPTM by protein cysteine sulfonation in complex I and complex III has been shown to affect enzymatic catalysis, the proton gradient, redox status, and enzyme-mediated ROS production. Pathological conditions associated with oxidative or nitrosative stress, such as myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), increase mitochondrial ROS production and redox dysfunction via oxidative injury to complexes I and III, intensely enhancing protein cysteine sulfonation and impairing heme integrity. The physiological conditions of reductive stress induced by gains in SOD2 function normalize I/R-mediated ROS overproduction and redox dysfunction. Further insight into the cellular mechanisms by which HCCS, biogenesis of c-type cytochrome, and OPTM regulate PMF and ROS production in mitochondria will enrich our understanding of redox signal transduction and identify new therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases in which oxidative stress perturbs normal redox signaling.
Contributions of bile acids to gastrointestinal physiology as receptor agonists and modifiers of ion channels
Authors: Keely Stephen J. , Urso Andreacarola , Ilyaskin Alexandr V. , Korbmacher Christoph , Bunnett Nigel W. , Poole Daniel P. , Carbone Simona E.
Published: November 2021

Bile acids (BAs) are known to be important regulators of intestinal motility and epithelial fluid and electrolyte transport. Over the past two decades, significant advances in identifying and characterizing the receptors, transporters, and ion channels targeted by BAs have led to exciting new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. Our appreciation of BAs, their receptors, and BA-modulated ion channels as potential targets for the development of new approaches to treat intestinal motility and transport disorders is increasing. In the current review, we aim to summarize recent advances in our knowledge of the different BA receptors and BA-modulated ion channels present in the gastrointestinal system. We discuss how they regulate motility and epithelial transport, their roles in pathogenesis, and their therapeutic potential in a range of gastrointestinal diseases.
Corticosteroid insensitivity persists in the absence of STAT1 signaling in severe allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Lewis Brandon W. , Jackson Devine , Amici Stephanie A. , Walum Joshua , Guessas Manel , Guessas Sonia , Coneglio Elise , Boda Akhila V. , Guerau-de-Arellano Mireia , Grayson Mitchell H. , Britt Rodney D.
Published: November 2021

Corticosteroid insensitivity in asthma limits the ability to effectively manage severe asthma, which is characterized by persistent airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and airflow obstruction despite corticosteroid treatment. Recent reports indicate that corticosteroid insensitivity is associated with increased interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels and T-helper (Th) 1 lymphocyte infiltration in severe asthma. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation by IFN-γ is a key signaling pathway in Th1 inflammation; however, its role in the context of severe allergic airway inflammation and corticosteroid sensitivity remains unclear. In this study, we challenged wild-type (WT) and Stat1−/− mice with mixed allergens (MA) augmented with c-di-GMP [bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate], an inducer of Th1 cell infiltration with increased eosinophils, neutrophils, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. Compared with WT mice, S tat1−/− had reduced neutrophils, Th1, and Th17 cell infiltration. To evaluate corticosteroid sensitivity, mice were treated with either vehicle, 1 or 3 mg/kg fluticasone propionate (FP). Corticosteroids significantly reduced eosinophil infiltration and cytokine levels in both c-di-GMP + MA-challenged WT and Stat1−/− mice. However, histological and functional analyses show that corticosteroids did not reduce airway inflammation, epithelial mucous cell abundance, airway smooth muscle mass, and AHR in c-di-GMP + MA-challenged WT or Stat1−/− mice. Collectively, our data suggest that increased Th1 inflammation is associated with a decrease in corticosteroid sensitivity. However, increased airway pathology and AHR persist in the absence of STAT1 indicate corticosteroid insensitivity in structural airway cells is a STAT1 independent process.
Missing Data Reconstruction Based on Spectral k-Support Norm Minimization for NB-IoT Data
Authors: Xuegang Luo , Junrui Lv , Juan Wang
Published: November 2021

An effective fraction of data with missing values from various physiochemical sensors in the Internet of Things is still emerging owing to unreliable links and accidental damage. This phenomenon will limit the predicative ability and performance for supporting data analyses by IoT-based platforms. Therefore, it is necessary to exploit a way to reconstruct these lost data with high accuracy. A new data reconstruction method based on spectral k-support norm minimization (DR-SKSNM) is proposed for NB-IoT data, and a relative density-based clustering algorithm is embedded into model processing for improving the accuracy of reconstruction. First, sensors are grouped by similar patterns of measurement. A relative density-based clustering, which can effectively identify clusters in data sets with different densities, is applied to separate sensors into different groups. Second, based on the correlations of sensor data and its joint low rank, an algorithm based on the matrix spectral k-support norm minimization with automatic weight is developed. Moreover, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is used to obtain its optimal solution. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated by using two simulated and real sensor data sources from Panzhihua environmental monitoring station with random missing patterns and consecutive missing patterns. From the simulation results, it is proved that our algorithm performs well, and it can propagate through low-rank characteristics to estimate a large missing region’s value.
Psoas Hydatid Cyst in Children: A Rare Localization about a Case
Authors: El Khassoui Amine , Aghoutane El Mouhtadi , Salama Tarik , El Fezzazi Redouane
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The development of hydatid cysts in the muscle is rare, and it is even rarer in children. We report the case of a 9-year-old child treated in pediatric orthopedics department at the University Hospital of Marrakech for a hydatid cyst psoas muscle revealed by lameness. Result. The child was consulted for painless and afebrile lameness of the left hip evolving since 3 months. The clinical examination finds a mass of the left flank. Investigations based on the abdominal ultrasound in first intention showed a hydatid cyst depending on the left psoas muscle. Pelvic CT and abdominal MRI were able to confirm the diagnosis and allowed a better study of the cyst neighboring elements. The drainage of the cyst followed by pericystectomy after evacuation of the vesicles contained in the cyst was done as radical treatment. Conclusion. The hydatid cyst of the psoas is a rare entity in the child requiring a good radiological study of the cyst as well as its neighboring elements to propose the most adapted surgery.
High-Accuracy Determination of Potassium and Selenium in Human Serum by Two-Step Isotope Dilution ICPMS
Authors: Yang Jian , Chi Lixia , Li Shengmin
Published: November 2021

A high-accuracy measurement technique for determining potassium and selenium in human serum was developed by using two-step Isotope Dilution Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) in this research. A more accessible method of the quadrupole ICPMS was employed in this research to achieve an equally high accuracy which had been achieved by a much more expensive method, namely, high-resolution sector field ICPMS (SF-ICPMS), with a comparatively easy and simple operation. In addition, we have evaluated the uncertainty of this method. The results showed that the determination limits of potassium and selenium in serum were 0.8 mg/kg and 2.7 μg/kg, respectively, and the precision for both measurements was lower than 0.2% and 0.7%. The measurement, when employed to measure potassium and selenium in standard materials NIST956D, NIST909C, and GBW09152, had caused a maximum deviation of less than 0.9%, within the stated uncertainty range of standard materials. The RELA international inter-laboratory comparisons of potassium in serum in 2018 conducted by our laboratory also yielded a satisfactory result.