bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Hidden Markov model-based approach in brandswitching (A case study of the Nigerian telecommunication sector)
Authors: Opone F. , Ekhousuehi E.
Published: May 2021

In this work, we considered a Hidden Markov Model for the Telecommunication Industry in Nigeria. There are five major mobile service providers presently in Nigeria: MTN, AIRTEL, GLOBACOM, ETISALAT and NITEL. We proposed a model for decision making in this sector by examining the rationale behind customers’ brand switching. Our sample comprises of 512 respondents from a total population of 37,083 persons in the University of Benin, which consists of academic staff, non-academic staff and students; using proportional allocation to size in the stratified random sampling. As part of the decision making using the proposed model, we observed a set of marketing strategies and then applied our model to project the mobile service providers that stand a chance of relevance in the sector. Our result suggests that, if subscribers of different networks decide to switch from their current network based on these rationales [Price, Service Quality, Brand loyalty, Price and Trust] in a consecutive period of five years, the best marketing strategies for the mobile service provider [GLOBACOM] in the first three years are Price, Service Quality and Brand loyalty respectively. While the mobile service provider [MTN], should invest in the Pricing System and increase the level of Trust existing between them and their subscribers in the fourth and fifth year respectively.Keywords: Hidden Markov Models; Brand switching; Telecommunication Sector
Hydrogeological evaluation of geological formations in Ashanti Region, Ghana
Authors: Appiah-Adjei E. K. , Osei-Nuamah I.
Published: May 2021

The success of groundwater exploitation in an area largely depends on prior knowledge of existing hydrogeological parameters such as borehole yield, overburden thickness, depth of boreholes, static water level, specific capacity and the quality of water. This study, therefore, employed Geographical Information System to assess some of these hydrogeological parameters in the Ashanti Region using the ordinary kriging interpolation method. Data on 2,788 drilled boreholes in the region were used and the assessment focused on the various geological formations in the region that comprised the Birimian, Granitoids, Tarkwaian and Voltaian formations. The study results indicate that the Birimian formation is generally within medium to high yielding potential zones (30 – 60 l/min or higher) with a high drilling success rate of 91% and average borehole depth of 53 m. The Granitoids are, mostly, within the low yielding zone (< 30 l/min) with isolated high yielding boreholes and have average borehole depth and drilling success rate of 50 m and 72 % respectively. The Tarkwaian formation, on other hand, is within the medium yield zone with a drilling success rate of 80 % whilst the Voltaian formation is mainly classified to fall within low yield zone with about 60% success rate although significant high yield zones occur within the sandstone formation underlying its westernmost part in the region. Groundwater in the region is generally potable except in a few locations within the Birimian and ranitoids,where there are problems with levels of iron, nitrate, manganese and pH. Keywords: Groundwater; Hydrogeological parameters; Geological formations; Geographical Information System; Ashanti Region
Groundwater prospecting using the dipole-dipole configuration for vertical electrical sounding: prediction of major aquifer depth in the Tolon-Kumbungu district of Northern Ghana
Authors: Mumuni A. N. , Bayor J. S.
Published: May 2021

A geophysical investigation in groundwater prospecting, using the vertical electrical sounding (VES) method in resistivity surveying, was undertaken in the Tolon-Kumbungu district of Northern Ghana. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the VES technique as a low-cost groundwater exploration method. Using the dipole-dipole VES technique, fracture zones that held good prospects for groundwater location were prospectively identified at 15 sites in the Gbullung and Wayamba communities of the district. In addition, retrospective VES data for 6 sites were obtained from previous studies. Geophysical VES data and available drill logs for 3 sites in the prospective study and all 6 sites in the retrospective study (a total of 9 sites) were then evaluated by the VES log-log graph interpretation method to establish a correlation with the groundwater characteristics of the study area. The analyses of the VES curves indicated the presence of anomalous fracture zones occurring within hard sandstone formations that had high groundwater potential. Weathered zones or fresh rock aquifers however did not show potential for groundwater. The dominant formations in the area were found to be thin-bedded sequences of sandstone, mudstone, shale, siltstone and their intercalations. Groundwater was confined to between the depths of 25.0 m and 40.0 m, with major aquifers occurring approximately between the depths of 34.0 m and 45.0 m. These predictions were confirmed by the available drill logs. Using the VES curve interpretation as a means of selecting promising water-bearing sites, 8 out of the 9 sites drilled were successful wells, recording water yields ranging from 14 L/min to 250 L/min, with an average yield of 87.3 L/min. The study thus showed that the dipole-dipole VES technique in groundwater prospecting is effective for the geology of the study area. Keywords: Tolon-Kumbungu; vertical electrical sounding; aquifer; groundwater; apparent resistivity
Investigation on the road mortality of Anuran species on the Ikorodu-Epe/Ejirin-Ijebu Ode Roads in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria
Authors: Onadeko A. B , Ogoanah O. S.
Published: May 2021

The effect of road kills of anuran species by vehicular traffic on the Ikorodu-Epe/Ejirin-Ijebu Ode road in Lagos and Ogun States was investigated. The mean traffic density on the road during the survey (between 18:30-20:30hr and 06:00 and 07:00hr) was 127±45 vehicles/hr, which ranged between 72 and 216 vehicles/hr. A total of 738 anuran road mortalities among eight species were recorded [661 (89.6%) were identifiable, while 77 (10.4%) were not]. Ptychadena pumilio had the highest mortality of 67±27.1 individuals, while Xenopus muelleri and Aubria subsigillata were the least susceptible to road kills. This respectively represented 2.66±1.5 and 2.66±3 individuals each. Most mortality (256 individuals) occurred on the section of the road bordered by grassland/tertiary vegetation. However there was no significant difference (at P> 0.05) between the anurans killed along the different vegetation structures bordering the road (F2,21 = 0.415). About 473 live anurans belonging to five species were observed of which P. pumilio, the highest constituted the greatest number (81±42.9), while the least Hoplobatrachus occipitalis 7.3±4.2 was recorded. Both species had greater live counts than road kills compared to other anuran species that had greater road kills than live counts recorded. The greatest number of live anurans was recorded at where grassland/tertiaryvegetation occurred. This constituted a total of 198 individuals (41.8%), while the least occurred at the secondary/primaryvegetation which had 95 individuals (20%). However, the difference was not significant (F2,12 = 0.600) at P> 0.05. It is evident that anuran migration is an integral part of their biological activity. However vehicular traffic sadly possesses a negative effect on this activity. Precautionary measures are necessary to reduce population decline and possible extinction of not only the anuran species but also other wildlife species, which is a positive direction in the conservation of biological diversity.  Keywords: Vehicular traffic, anuran, mortality, vegetation, road kill, conservation
My Vote Counts and the Transparency of Political Party Funding in South Africa
Authors: Klaaren Jonathan
Published: May 2021

No Abstract
African Leadership Wisdom and Experience: Lessons for Church Leaders in South Africa
Authors: Dweba Zandisile M , Rashe Reuben Z
Published: May 2021

Christian research projects in Africa have been marred by a notorious and almost deliberate intent of seeking to establish alternative protocols that posit nothing less than the introduction of new objects of knowledge and new theoretical models that seek to upset or at the very least undermine the prevailing paradigmatic indigenous norms. In this article, the authors seek to demystify the complexities of “indigeneity” and “autochthony”, and shed some light on how they impact the preservation of indigenous knowledge, values and norms. The indispensable social values which are deeply rooted in the African tradition, ubuntu and oral tradition are explored to suggest lessons from which church leaders can draw. This, the authors realise through a carefully structured literature review of selected sources. Following the reviewed
literature, the authors must align themselves with the sentiments that, if the church in Africa wishes to enjoy relevance and acceptance, it has to approach African problems from an African perspective, liberate itself from the western ‘garbs’ or ‘robes’, and cease viewing everything African as pagan and devilish. Christianity, the authors contend, has a lot to learn, by accessing indigenous knowledge resources from the African people’s culture and oral tradition.
Two Stage Steganography on Compressed and Encrypted Message
Authors: Aval Kamal Jadidy , Damrudi Masumeh
Published: May 2021

Security of confidential information in the insecure era of information transmission (Internet) is still one of the most important challenges of the day. The combination of cryptography and steganography increases the security of embedded data to avoid from unauthorized access. Furthermore, compression of secret data reduces the size of transmitted message. In addition to compression and encryption, in this paper, two stage steganography is employed to enhance the security. In the proposed approach, the Huffman coding as lossless compression, the Blowfish, DES, 3DES, AES, and RSA as cryptography algorithms and LSB (Least significant Bit) as steganography technique are employed with enhancement of security by two stage steganography. The results are analyzed through quality parameters including MSE (Mean Square Error) and PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), and histogram of images.
Rural Students Transition into Higher Education in Meghalaya: Challenges and Coping Strategies
Authors: Lyngdoh Nonglait Ferrando , Myrthong Euodia Bahun
Published: May 2021

The transition from school to college is a change every student has to make in their pursuit of higher education. The transition phase is a difficult time for many students, especially to the rural students, many of whom are from a disadvantaged background. However, little literature exists in our state and the country on the transition of rural students into higher education, especially on the challenges they face and the coping strategies they have adopted. This qualitative exploratory study, therefore, aims to explore the challenges rural students in Meghalaya faced when making the transition into higher education, along with the strategies they adopted to cope with the challenges. The participants of this study consist of 68 rural students selected by the use of purposive sampling technique and the data was collected by the use of a semi-structured interview schedule. The thematic analysis method was used to analyse the interview transcripts. The study revealed rural students faced two main challenges, which are academic challenges and socio-emotional challenges, and they had adopted task-oriented coping and emotion-oriented coping strategies in coping with these challenges. The study concludes by suggesting that rural students need additional support when making the transition into higher education.
Viêm vú dạng hạt: Báo cáo loạt ca và điểm qua y văn
Authors: Mạc Thủy Thảo Phương , Dương Minh Thư , Nguyễn Trần Bảo Chi
Published: May 2021

Viêm vú dạng hạt là bệnh lý lành tính tuyến vú. Hướng điều trị và theo dõi bệnh phụ thuộc vào tác nhân gây bệnh và cần phân biệt viêm vú dạng hạt và viêm vú do lao. Vì vậy nghiên cứu này nhằm mục đích phác thảo bối cảnh, trình bày lâm sàng, đặc điểm hình ảnh và phương thức điều trị được quan sát giữa một loạt bệnh nhân đã được chẩn đoán viêm vú dạng hạt đã được chứng minh bằng sinh thiết.

Phương pháp: Hồi cứu những bệnh nhân viêm vú đến khám tại khoa nhũ bệnh viện Hùng Vương có kết quả giải phẫu bệnh viêm vú dạng hạt từ tháng 01 năm 2018 đến tháng 07 năm 2020

Kết quả: có tất cả 16 bệnh nhân được xác định. Tuổi trung bình của nhóm là 34,75 tuổi, hầu hết đều trong độ tuổi sinh đẻ. Có khối đau ở vú là triệu chứng lâm sàng thường gặp nhất. Tất cả bệnh nhân đều được siêu âm. Xác định chẩn đoán bằng giải phẫu bệnh. 6 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán lao vú và được điều trị theo phác đồ lao. Điều trị viêm vú dạng hạt bao gồm phẫu thuật, dẫn lưu mủ, sử dụng corticosteroid, kháng sinh.

Kết luận: Viêm vú dạng hạt là dạng viêm vú lành tính, hiếm gặp, trong số đó viêm vú do lao là một trong số những nguyên nhân gây viêm vú dạng hạt. Chẩn đoán chủ yếu dựa vào lâm sàng bệnh nhân có những khối ở ngực, đau, mức độ tiến triển bệnh nhanh. Chẩn đoán viêm vú dạng hạt dựa vào giải phẫu bệnh. Điều trị tùy thuộc nguyên nhân bệnh. Điều trị viêm vú dạng hạt vẫn còn là thách thức, chưa có phương thức điều trị nào được cho là tối ưu.
Đánh giá hiệu quả của phương pháp tập thể dục sớm sau mổ lấy thai
Authors: Trương Thị Ánh Tuyết , Vũ Thị Nhung
Published: May 2021

Đặt vấn đề: Tỉ lệ mổ lấy thai ngày càng tăng trên thế giới cũng như ở Việt Nam. Đau và liệt ruột cơ năng thường gặp sau mổ lấy thai. Trong liệu pháp không dùng thuốc để giảm đau và phục hồi nhu động ruột sau mổ thì vận động sớm ngày càng được quan tâm. Tuy nhiên, chưa có nhiều nghiên cứu đánh giá hiệu quả của phương pháp vận động này trên sản phụ sau mổ. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Đánh giá hiệu quả của phương pháp tập thể dục sớm sau mổ lấy thai tại Bệnh viện Hùng Vương.  

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Thử nghiệm lâm sàng ngẫu nhiên, có đối chứng, thực hiện tại khoa Hậu sản, Bệnh Viện Hùng Vương từ tháng 10/2018 đến tháng 03/2019. 

Kết quả: Tỷ lệ sản phụ có điểm đau VAS (thang điểm cường độ đau dạng nhìn đồng dạng - Visual Analog Scale) ≤ 3 hậu phẫu ngày 1 ở nhóm có tập bài tập thể dục sớm là 63,2%, cao hơn có ý nghĩa thống kê so với nhóm tự vận động (23,7%), OR = 5,524 (KTC 95%: 2,730 - 11,178), p < 0,001. Tỉ lệ phục hồi nhu động ruột sớm (trung tiện sớm < 36 giờ) sau mổ lấy thai ở nhóm có tập bài tập thể dục sớm là 76,3%, cao hơn có ý nghĩa so với nhóm tự vận động (43,4%), sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê, p < 0,05. 

Kết luận: Phương pháp tập thể dục sớm mang lại hiệu quả giảm đau và phục hồi nhu động ruột sớm cho các sản phụ sau mổ lấy thai.
Kết quả sơ sinh sau phẫu thuật hội chứng truyền máu song thai bằng kỹ thuật laser quang đông tại bệnh viện Phụ sản Hà Nội
Authors: Phan Thị Huyền Thương , Nguyễn Duy Ánh , Nguyễn Thị Sim , Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà , Hồ Sỹ Hùng , Vương Thị Bích Thuỷ , Ngô Thị Hương , Trần Đức Lam , Nguyễn Văn Cường , Dương Hồng Chương
Published: May 2021

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả sơ sinh và biến chứng thần kinh ngắn hạn sau phẫu thuật laser quang đôngđiều trị hội chứng truyền máu song thaitại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Hà Nội

Đối tượng và Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu can thiệp theo dõi dọc, dữ liệu thu thập trong vòng 12 tháng từ tháng 10/2019 - tháng 9/2020 tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Hà Nội. 23 thai phụ song thai được chẩn đoán hội chứng truyền máu(Twin–Twin Transfusion Syndrome- TTTS)giai đoạn II – IV theo Quintero được thực hiện phẫu thuật nội soi buồng tử cung sử dụng Laser quang đông trong đó 12 trường hợp đông các cầu nối mạch theo phương pháp Solomon giữ 2 thai, 11 trường hợp giảm thiểu chọn lọc giữ 1 thai.

Kết quả: : Tỷ lệ sống ít nhất một thai 87%, tỷ lệ sống sơ sinh chung là 58,9%. Không có biến chứng thần kinh ngắn hạn nào được ghi nhận khi theo dõi sơ sinh đến 6 tháng tuổi sau sinh. Tuổi thai trung bình khi sinh là 33,05 ± 4,04 tuần, thời gian trung bình giữ thai thêm sau phẫu thuật là 12,5±4,97tuần. 70% trường hợp sinh trên 32 tuần và cân nặng sơ sinh trên 1500gr, 3 trường hợp đẻ cực non dưới 28 tuần cân nặng sơ sinh dưới 1000gr.

Kết luận: Phương pháp đông mạch máu bằng Laser để điều trị hội chứng truyền máu song thai tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Hà Nội đạt hiệu quả và tỉ lệ thai sinh sốngcao, chưa ghi nhận trường hợp nào có biến chứng thần kinh khi theo dõi sơ sinh đến 6 tháng sau sinh. Phẫu thuật nội soi laser quang đông có thể được coi là một lựa chọn điều trị hiệu quả cho TTTS giai đoạn II – IV trước 26 tuần tuổi thai.
Comparing Teaching Methods in an Environmental Education Field Trip Program
Authors: Pearce Michelle K. , Lee Tammy
Published: May 2021

This study investigates the impact of instructional methods based on a one-day informal science field experience comparing a teacher-centered methodology versus a student-centered (inquiry-based) methodology. The 5E learning cycle was selected as the framework for implementing the inquiry-based learning for the treatment groups as it provides the structure of the constructivist learning cycle (Duran & Duran, 2004). The research design followed a quasi-experimental design with a total of three control and three treatment groups representing two individual schools. Each school included at least one treatment and one control group. The study included 117 third grade students. Both groups were given a pre and post assessment measuring the impact of the instructional method of inquiry presented in the 5E format. An independent-measures t-test was used to analyze the results of the means for the post-test assessments (treatment and control) and the means of the retention assessments. Pre-tests indicated variations of prior knowledge between the control and treatment groups. Post-tests indicated similar results of knowledge gains. However, the retention tests for the treatment groups revealed students increased their knowledge from the time of their post-test. The control groups’ retention results were similar to their post-test results indicating knowledge was maintained.
Economic Growth, Inflation and Monetary Policy in Pakistan: Preliminary Empirical Estimates
Authors: Ali Hina , Liaquat Malka , Safdar Noreen , Rahman Saeed ur
Published: May 2021

In economic policy, construction Inflation is a core variable to be considered that determines the economic activity. To make a suitable monetary policy, it is very essential to check the price level and later on, many other variables are considered to achieve the goal. This study aims to reveal the affiliation of inflation on the growth of economic activities in Pakistan. Time series data set for the period 1989-2020 was used to have the empirical estimates.  Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root Test is employed to check the unit root of the time series and Auto Regressive Distributive Lag techniques are used for empirical estimates. The present research uses Inflation as a dependent variable and Gross Domestic Product, Interest Rate, Money Supply, and Exchange Rate as the explanatory variables of the study. The findings of this analysis reveal that there's an antagonistic relation between Inflation and GDP.
Factor Do Influencing Turnover Intention: Intervening Effect of Compensation Policy Decision
Authors: Butt Kashif Amin , Nasir Zafar Mueen
Published: May 2021

The current research examines the effects of external and internal factors on the decisions related to the compensation policy subsequently influence turnover intentions of Telecom sector employees of Pakistan. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the factors effecting the compensation policy decision are generated through an extensive review of literature. This exhaustive list was tested through a rigorous process of a number of iterations of finding the most valued and considered factors in Pakistani telecom sector. This process was done with the top tier management including the human resource practitioners, as these are the people who significantly contribute in developing and finalizing decisions on the policy relating to compensation. For meeting with the objectives of current study, second phase consisted on identification of the impact of such decisions was tested on employee’s turnover intentions. The results were significant giving an understanding that the organizations who consider the most critical internal and external factors effecting decisions related with compensation policy, will ultimately craft such a policy, which is having a positive influence on the motivation of employee to continue working with the organization. So, this will solve the major organizational problem of retaining the productive employees and hence getting a sustainable organizational performance.
Carmina. Livre V
Authors: de L'Hospital Michel
Published: May 2021

Le livre V des Carmina de Michel de L’Hospital comprend huit épîtres hexamétriques et une brève dédicace en distiques (V, 7), toutes composées entre 1556 et 1561, pour la plupart entre le printemps 1558 et l’automne 1559, peu avant l’accession de leur auteur à la charge de chancelier. À cette densité chronologique s’ajoute une focalisation thématique sur les enjeux politiques et militaires, autour de la paix, de la ruine des royaumes et des devoirs des gouvernants. Entre célébration (V, 1 sur les noces du futur François II et de Marie Stuart) et prescriptions éthiques, la parole poétique s’y exprime avec énergie, dans une rhétorique démonstrative orientée vers des fins didactiques. Si L’Hospital y défend son èthos de serviteur du roi (V, 3) et la pratique du loisir lettré (V, 2), la perspective personnelle s’estompe au profit des défis politiques et publics dans une France en guerre. L’édition fournit le texte latin établi sur les manuscrits et les plaquettes collationnés avec les éditions imprimées de 1558 et 1732, une nouvelle traduction en stiques, une présentation contextuelle, une analyse et un commentaire. Le volume est complété d’une introduction, d’un index des lieux, des personnes et des matières.
La Chine en partage. Les écrits sinophiles du Père Matteo Ricci
Authors: Bernhardt Matthieu
Published: May 2021

Sans l’extraordinaire capacité d’adaptation et la singulière ouverture d’esprit de Matteo Ricci, la rencontre entre l’Europe et la Chine au XVIe siècle aurait sans doute tourné au fiasco. Elle a au contraire donné lieu à de riches échanges interculturels qui ont notamment dévoilé les Classiques confucéens à l’Europe et Euclide à la Chine. Toutefois, le peu de conversions au christianisme a fini par susciter l’impatience de Rome et la condamnation des méthodes de Ricci a conduit Pékin à expulser les missionnaires. L’hypothèse initiale de ce livre est qu’à l’accommodation culturelle mise en place par Ricci et ses confrères sur le plan de l’action missionnaire correspond un processus d’accommodation textuelle visant à adapter le discours sur la Chine aux attentes des lecteurs européens. Le corpus riccien, examiné ici de sa genèse à sa publication et confronté à la littérature géographique de l’époque, témoigne à lui seul de cet étonnant terrain d’entente qui a poussé les acteurs de cette rencontre à déployer un double mouvement d’accommodation.
FREQUENCY OF MESSAGES AND PERCEIVED SELF-EFFICACY FOR TREATMENT AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS IN HOMA BAY COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Mwangi Catherine , Mberia Hellen , Kimalu Paul , Ngugi Catherine , Simiyu Rogers , Okomo Gordon , Mudogo Collins
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of frequency of text messaging on perceived self-efficacy for treatment among people living with HIV/AIDS in Homa Bay County.

Methodology: The study used a quasi-experimental design. This involved a control and an intervention group to assess the effect of the text messaging. Data was collected using an interview schedule for participants and questionnaires for key informant interview. The study triangulated quantitative and qualitative data. Results shared in this paper are for the intervention group. Spearman’s rho correlations and simple linear regression models were used to estimate the relationship between the independent variable (frequency of messages) and the dependent variable (self-efficacy), and ANOVA test was done to test the hypothesis and presented in tables and graphs. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically and narratives are provided under each section in verbatim.

Findings: The desired sample size for the intervention group was 317. Out which the study achieved 77.92 percent (n=247). Frequency of messages, did not yield a statistically significant relationship on perceived self-efficacy for appointment adherence (p<0.52; CI=95 per cent). However, receiving messages on a monthly basis had a significant but relatively week, inverse relationship with perceived self-efficacy (C= -0.181; p<0.02 ;< 0.05,). Qualitative findings established the messages were not boring

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Frequency of messages may depend on other factors such as type and content of messages being sent. Individual characteristics such as the social environment, level of education and general interest of HIV information and ART adherence may also influence the frequency of messages. Mobile interventions should ensure that the right number of required messages is sent to patients for optimum utilization and achievement of the desired outcomes.
The Existence of Academic Document on Development of Legal Drafting
Authors: Hadi Ismet , Suslianto Suslianto , Rahman Siti Nur Setia
Published: May 2021

This research purpose to comprehending Indonesia as a legal state, the state is obliged to carry out the development of national law committed in a planned, cohesiveness terpadu, and sustainable in the national legal system that ensures protection of the rights and obligations of all the people in Indonesia based on constitution 1945. Indonesian legal state has characteristic because Pancasila as a basic of law which has differential with the other country that based on west law, such as deliberation, social justice and a law which based on national interest and Indonesian unitary Indonesia which protect the Indonesian homeland. This research is a normative legal research that uses methods of analysis perspective. Most of the data obtained through the library research which done by examining library materials such as books, journals, research report and sekunder data which study about legal drafting.  This research show that, firstly, politic of law as a legal frame work and role to create isu contituendum. President before amendment of constitution 1945 has authority to establish laws, and The House of Representatif (DPR) has authority to give enactment of draft. After amendment constitution 1945 there are shift of power that the legislator’s authority in the hands of the House. Second, the existence of an academic document in each drafting legislation to provide an overview of the results of scientific research that underlie design of any proposed legislation that will be presented and discussed in the House.
INDIA'S DEVELOPMENTAL EXPERIENCE, STRENGTHS AND SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES
Authors: Fadil Abbas FADLE Nadia
Published: May 2021

The political leadership in India has realized since independence in the year 1947 that it needs to create distinct political, economic and social conditions to move on the path of development based on the human and natural capabilities of India that qualify it to reach the ranks of major powers, the most important characteristic of public policies in India is the comprehensiveness of its results And its outputs for large segments of Indian society, which necessitated attention to developing high-level strategies in various sectors and paying attention to internal challenges and external threats. India pursued the path of development and became an economically advanced country that competes with major powers in the scientific and technological field and became advanced in the field of emerging energy and entered the nuclear club.
TEACHING WITHIN THE COMPETENCY- BASED APPROACH
Authors: NOUIRI Samir , RAMASH Sabrina
Published: May 2021

The Education Sector is Considered One of The Most Important Issues That Have Occupied The Minde Of Many Schoalrs And Researchers, given its Importance At The Global And National Level, As It Is An Essential And Effective Element in building and developing Countries And Advancing Societies. As a Result Of The Rapid Changes The World Is Witnessing in The Field of Education, Algeria Had to Keep pace with this change ; so it worked to reform The Educational system in order to develop and improve its level of education through the Introduction and updating of Education Programs, Modification of Curricula, The Use of Information And Communicaion Technology, And The Employment of The Competency – based Approch. The Competency - based Approach is The New pedagogical Approach Adopted in order to achieve the previously set Educational goals and to Promote qualitatively the Algerin School, And This is The Main Concern of This Research paper.
TECHNOLOGY SPACES AND THE DIGITAL LINGUISTIC IN THE HOLY QUR’AN-THE SEMANTICS OF THE DIGITAL SYSTEM IN THE LANGUAGE OF THE QUR’AN-
Authors: MEHENNA Zakia
Published: May 2021

The world witnessed a tremendous intellectual flow towards technological development in its conceptual, cognitive and technical perspective, in order to reach the highest levels of human knowledge, which had precedence in human existence within Qur'an. This research is focusing on the reproduction of the HolyQur'an miracle in human thought, through the successive researches and scientific studies via the high technology, especially if it's related to the semantic linguistic and its contents translated into the realities of human existence in its real space, which we see in the semantics of the digital system within the language of the Holy Qur'an, and accordingly we will focus on the reality of the emergence of a mathematical system that is well-established in the space of Arabic for the technics of the technological age that we are witnessing today, as the letters, words and sentences in the verses and surahs of the Noble Qur'an come in a precise form bearing connotations, according to a numerical system, a mathematical complex indicative of the language of the Furqan, which the statement and Arabic rhetoric are wrapped in its digital miracle.
THE INTENTIONALLY USE OF PRONOUNS IN THE ARABIC GRAMMAR
Authors: AL-BERMANI Muhannad Nasir Hussein
Published: May 2021

The metaphor of the pronoun is the substitution of a pronoun with another pronoun that differs from it in connotation and in the Arabic position, such as the occurrence of the accusative pronoun subject to the raised pronoun or the accusative pronoun subject to the accusative pronoun, and so on, such as the saying of the one who said: "You passed by me" and it was better for him to say: "You passed by me." It is correct to say: "I honored him I followed in this research tagged with (Intentionally borrowing the pronoun in Arabic grammar) A clear approach to explaining its issues, as I present the issue and clarify its forms and list the opinions of scholars about it and the evidence that back it up, then explain its relationship to the main topic, which is the metaphor of the conscience. I devoted the second topic to explaining the places of the metaphor of the conscience and its applications in Arabic, and then the conclusion in which I presented a number of results reached by the research, including: The metaphor of the conscience was mentioned in the Holy Qur’an, Qur’anic readings and hadiths in addition to its inclusion in Arabic poetry and the sayings and words of Arabs, then some Wills, the last of which is a list of the names of sources and references.
TEACHING ARABIC TO NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS BETWEEN THE THEORY AND THE APPLICATION
Authors: FARAJ Hamida Muhammad Faraj
Published: May 2021

The importance of this study lies in uncovering the best scientific methods and educational methods for teaching Arabic language, and what it provides to contribute the development of Arabic language teaching to non-Arabs, the importance lies in using the best and latest scientific methods in teaching Arabic in order to overcome difficulties. And removing obstacles by various means by facilitating the paths for those who want to strive to learn it, and familiarity with its methods and rules, while the aim was to describe linguistic activity through observation and coexistence, and to reveal the best methods of teaching Arabic to non-Arabs, and how to address the linguistic weakness of foreign students Therefore, it is possible to reach a good educational program which, if applied, is expected to lead to good and positive results, by looking at previous experiences in teaching Arabic to non-Arabs (books - printed notes), and benefiting from experiences, successful experiences and useful exercises to avoid falling into miscellaneous mistakes. Therefore, one of the most important recommendations reached by the research is to identify and define linguistic difficulties, those difficulties that a foreign student faces when learning Arabic to develop an appropriate and purposeful educational program in which the educational material is presented in a correct and clear manner.
THE USE OF THE DMAIC METHODOLOGY IN DIAGNOSING THE EXTENT OF APPLICATION OF SOME INSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITATION STANDARDS: AN IRAQI UNIVERSITY AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: T. ALI Sally , S. AL_BASRI Abdulridha
Published: May 2021

The study aims to find out the extent of application of a number of Iraqi institutional accreditation standards (governance and administration, scientific research, curricula) at the University of Baghdad using the DMAIC methodology by diagnosing strengths and weaknesses, and proposing a mechanism and procedures to help the educational institution reduce or eliminate the gap. The study starts from the problem of the extent of application of a number of Iraqi institutional accreditation standards represented by (Governance and Administration Standard, Scientific Research Standard and Curriculum Standard) at the University of Baghdad. Case study methodology by using the checklist as a tool for collecting data and information to assist in a comprehensive and realistic analysis.
Analisis Dan Rancang Bangun Jaringan Komputer Kantor Desa Pungpungan Kecamatan Kalitidu Kabupaten Bojonegoro
Authors: Na’im Ainun
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sebuah rancang bangun jaringan komputer yang dapat diimplementasikan dalam kehidupan dimasyarakat. Di era digitalisasi kecepatan dalam komunikasi data mempunyai peranan penting dalam menopang segala kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan piranti digital. Saat ini piranti digital sudah digunakan dalam berbagai sektor kehidupan masyarakat. Penggunaan piranti digital (komputer) juga digunakan oleh pemerintah Desa Pungpungan dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Desa Pungpungan Terbagi atas 31 Rukun Tetangga dan 4 Rukun Warga. Dengan jumlah penduduk terbesar ke-2 di Kecamatan Kalitidu membuat memerlukan sumber daya lebih dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Setiap harinya desa ini harus memberikan pelayanan terkait surat-surat yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat, selain itu terdapat beberapa laporan yang harus dikerjakan oleh perangkat desa. Melihat aktivitas pelayanan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Desa Pungpungan perlu adanya sarana dan prasarana yang dapat menunjang kegiatan pelayanan masyarakat. Dalam proses observasi diperoleh fakta 9 PC di Desa Pungpungan dan beberapa sudah terhubung dalam jaringan internet secara nirkabel, namun di sisi lain komputer tersebut belum saling terintegrasi dalam proses transfer file dan printer. Dengan dasar ini penulis bermaksud untuk memberikan analisis dan rancang bangun jaringan komputer pada Desa Pungpungan.  Dengan adanya perancangan ini diharapkan dapat diimplementasikan dalam memberikan pelayanan masyarakat di Desa Pungpungan.
A Research to Determine the Ethical Climate Perception of Nurses Who Work In Private Hospitals
Authors: AVÇİN Emel , CAN Şeyda , ERKOÇ Beyza , YEŞİL Fatma , ERDOĞAN Gürkan
Published: May 2021

Objective: It’s imperative that organizations that want to exist in the business world where competition is intense and that want to ensure should create a positive ethical climate perception. The aim of this study was to determine the level of perceptions of the ethical climate of nurses who work in a private hospital and to determine whether ethical climate perceptions differ according to demographic characteristics. Methods: The study was conducted between July-September 2018 on 154 nurses working at two private hospitals(in Istanbul and Yalova). Research data were collected from nurses working in these hospitals. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: According to findings, it was determined that the ethical climate perception of the participants was generally positive. In dimensions, ethical climate perception was found most positive in patient dimension, while most negative in physicians dimension. At findings, the perception of ethical climate according to the gender of the participants differed statistically in the managers dimension and perception of ethical climate according to working time in hospital differed in patients dimension(p<0.05). Perception of ethical climate didn’t differed significantly with age, educational and marital status of participants (p>0.05). Conclusions: It was determined that the hospital ethical climate perceptions of the nurses in the study were highly positive, and this perception was influenced by gender and the year of work. The sub-dimension, where the ethical climate perception was the most negative, was the physician dimension. It’s thought that the results obtained can be a guide in supporting positive ethical behavior.
Aprendizagem ao longo da vida: o “Aprender a Aprender” na (Re)produção do Capital
Authors: Scapin Gisle José , Costa da Costa Leandra , Pereira Gilmar Belitz
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo aborda el tema del aprendizaje permanente analizando la Pedagogía de “aprender a aprender”. Nuestro objetivo es comprender cómo el proceso de aprendizaje, vinculado a la lógica de “aprender a aprender”, se está desarrollando en las escuelas públicas brasileñas como un camino para la (re)producción de capital. Metodológicamente, sigue un enfoque bibliográfico cualitativo guiado por la filosofía marxista, organizado en dos momentos para comprender la lógica de “aprender a aprender” en su versión actual y su materialización en el contexto de las escuelas públicas a través de políticas y reformas educativas. Finalmente, consideramos que este proceso forma trabajadores con un nivel de conocimiento superficial y limitado, tratados como un instrumento para (re)producir capital.
Socio-economic aspects of headache in the elderly
Authors: Leite Valéria Moura Moreira , Barreto Katia Magdala Lima , Valença Marcelo Moraes
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Among the health impairments of the elderly, headache is the main complaint for seeking medical help, and its quality depends on social conditions. Objective: To delineate the socioeconomic scenario of headache in elderly, through a critical review. Method: We carried out a critical review of articles published between 2000 and 2013, independently of idiom, with full text available on PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO Information Services, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Latin American Literature and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) databases. These articles should have socioeconomic aspects of patients with headacheas theme, investigated in population-based or multicenter studies. Results: We localized 59 articles, among which 40 were excluded by title and abstract and 12 because they did not detail socioeconomic analysis of patients with headache. Seven articles were included in the review. With them it is identified that the lower economic status impede access of elderly to specialized health services in the diagnosis and treatment of headache, either by spontaneous search or through referral. Final considerations: The hindering factors for the access of elderly to diagnosis and appropriate treatment of headache were their low socioeconomic status and the lack of specific training of health professionals. The inclusion of headache of elderly in initial and continuing medical education is necessary and particularly important due to population aging.
Headache and celiac disease or gluten sensitivity – a review
Authors: Melhado Eliana Meire , Cardoso Ana Carolina Botelho , Ribeiro Stella Regina Mastrangi Ignácio , Frachia Mariana de Lima , Castro Thaís Figueiredo de
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to do a review of the relationship of celiac disease (CD) or gluten sensitivity (GS) with headache.The authors conclude that there is a connection between headaches and gluten intolerance.
Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: Does board diversity matter?
Authors: Ozdemir Ozgur , Kizildag Murat , Dogru Tarik , Demirer Ilhan
Published: May 2021

In this study, the moderating effect of board diversity on the complex relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and financial performance is examined. The resource-based view of the firm and stakeholder theory are used as the theoretical foundation of the study. The hypotheses of the study are tested via fixed-effects regression using data for a sample of 1,234 firms and 5,102 firm-year observations for the period 2009–2013. The study finds evidence that CSR performance and financial performance are positively related, and the magnitude of this relationship is contingent on the level of board diversity. As corporate boardrooms become more diverse across several diversity attributes, the positive effect of CSR performance on financial performance becomes more profound. The study also reveals that race and age diversity constructs have a stand-alone moderating effect on this purported relationship. The study offers significant insights for practitioners regarding the potential role of a diverse board structure in effectively monitoring management actions on CSR concerns.
CRYOCHEMICAL PROCESSING OF SEA BUCKTHORN FRUITS WITH THE PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD PRODUCTS
Authors: ЩЕГОЛЕВ А.А. , БИКТИМИРОВА О.Е. , ЮРЬЕВ Ю.Л. , СТАРЦЕВА Л.Г.
Published: May 2021

Несмотря на значительный интерес к растительным ресурсам облепихи крушиновидной и продуктам технологической переработки, многие аспекты этой проблемы остаются недостаточно изученными. Особенно это относится к влиянию различных технологических факторов на биохимический состав свеже- заготовленных плодов облепихи и продуктов их переработки традиционными методами. В данном исследовании экспериментально подтверждена целесообразность применения отрицательных температур, а также инертной среды жидкого азота и жидкого диоксида углерода на всех технологических стадиях криохимической переработки плодов облепихи с получением микродисперсных порошков (фитокрипы) и абсолютного облепихового масла. Доклиническое изучение физиологической активности и безопасности применения подтверждает, что данные функциональные продукты питания положительно влияют на функции органов и систем человека.

Despite the considerable interest in the plant resources of buckthorn buckthorn and products of technological processing, many aspects of this problem remain insufﬁ ciently studied. This is especially true for the inﬂ uence of various technological factors on the biochemical composition of freshly harvested sea buckthorn fruits and products of their processing by traditional methods. In this study, the expediency of using negative temperatures, as well as an inert medium of liquid nitrogen and liquid carbon dioxide at all technological stages of cryochemical processing of sea buckthorn fruits to obtain microdisperse powders (phytocrip) and absolute sea buckthorn oil was experimentally conﬁ rmed. Preclinical study of physiological activity and safety of use conﬁ rms that these functional foods have a positive effect on the functions of human organs and systems.
STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF LARCH STANDS IN THE UPPER PART OF THE MOUNTAIN-FOREST BELT OF THE MASSIF DRY MOUNTAINS (PUTORANA PLATEAU)
Authors: ТИМОФЕЕВ А.С. , ВЬЮХИН С.О. , ГРИГОРЬЕВ А.А. , МОИСЕЕВ П.А.
Published: May 2021

Общеизвестно, что каждое из трех последних десятилетий характеризовалось более высокой тем- пературой у поверхности Земли по сравнению с любым предыдущим десятилетием начиная с 1950 г. На фоне этих изменений в научной литературе в последнее время появляется все большее количество работ, свидетельствующих об экспансии древесных и кустарниковых видов в арктические и высокогор- ные экосистемы. В статье приведены результаты исследования формирования древостоев верхней гра- ницы леса и зарослей крупных кустарников в одном из малоизученных регионов центрального сектора Субарктики России – плато Путорана. Объектом исследования явились древостои лиственница Гмелина Larix gmelinii Rupr. и заросли ольхи кустарниковой Duschekia fruticosa (Rupr) Pouzar. Показано, что на фоне современных изменений климата в последнем столетии (особенно во второй половине) происхо- дило смещение верхней границы распространения древесной и кустарниковой растительности выше в горы. Доказательством данных процессов служит закономерное изменение морфометрических параметров и среднего возраста изучаемых видов по мере продвижения в гору в последнем столетии.

It is well known that each of the last three decades has been characterized by a higher temperature at the Earth’s surface compared to any previous decade since 1950. Against the background of these changes, an increasing number of works have recently appeared in the scientiﬁ c literature, indicating the expansion of tree and shrub species into Arctic and high-altitude ecosystems. The article presents the results of a study of the formation of stands of the upper border of the forest and thickets of large shrubs in one of the poorly studied regions of the central sector of the Subarctic of Russia – the Putorana plateau. The object of the study was stands of Gmelin larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) and thickets of shrub alder (Duschekia fruticosa (Rupr) Pouzar). It is shown that against the background of modern climate changes in the last century (especially in the second half), the upper limit of the distribution of woody and shrubby vegetation was shifted higher into the mountains. The proof of these processes is the regular change in morphometric parameters and the average age of the studied species as they move uphill in the last century.
СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВОМ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ
Authors: Азизов Шоазиз , Авғонзода Дилафруз , Ализода Хуснигул , Гафорзода Джонона , Бокилов Бахтиёр
Published: May 2021

Общеобразовательные учреждения играют важную роль в жизни человеческого общества, поскольку развитие государства неразрывно связано с уровнем и качеством предоставляемых образовательных услуг. Общее образование в Республике Таджикистан представляет собой систему, которая не может существовать без взаимодействия с другими сферами деятельности и государством в лице государственных институтов. Роль общего образования на современном этапе развития Республики Таджикистан определяется задачами ее перехода к демократическому и правовому государству, к рыночной экономике, необходимостью преодоления опасности отставания страны от мировых тенденций экономического и общественное развития.
REVIEW OF THE SEVENTH EDITION OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY: PATTERN AND PROCESS
Authors: Kuderbayeva Arailym
Published: May 2021

The article presents key points of the reviewed book and introduces central ideas written by the authors.
АНАЛИЗ И ОЦЕНКА ДОСТУПНОСТИ И КАЧЕСТВА СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ БЕРЕМЕННЫМ В РАМКАХ ГОБМП
Authors: Куракбаев Курал , Деточкина Виолетта , Долгих Валерия
Published: May 2021

Проблема обеспечения конкурентоспособности стоматологических клиник и услуг встала в один ряд с заботами увеличения объемов и качества этих услуг, роста прибыли клиники. При этом повышение конкурентоспособности особенно актуально для частных стоматологических клиник, относящихся по масштабу к малому и среднему бизнесу. Однако, оказание бесплатной стоматологической помощи беременным относится к городским поликлиникам в рамках ГОМБП. Проблема выбора между типом организации стоит в оказании качественных стоматологических услуг.