bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 1-Thiaphenalene Derivatives via Radical Cyclization of 1-Naphthalenesulfonyl Chlorides with Alkynes
Authors: Wei Youhao , Liu Jige , Zhu Chen , Wu Xinxin , Chen Yasu
Published: January 2023

Functionalized thiaphenalene derivatives are of high synthetic value, yet their preparation remains underexplored. Herein, we report an efficient approach for the synthesis of 1-thiaphenalene derivatives through radical cyclization of 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chlorides with alkynes. A variety of 1-thiaphenalene derivatives are readily furnished that are otherwise difficult to prepare by present methods. The protocol features mild photocatalytic conditions, broad functional-group compatibility, and high product diversity.
Recent Advances in Electro- or Photochemical Driven Transformations via Cleavage of the C–N Bond of Quaternary Ammonium Salts
Authors: Kong Xianqiang , Cao Zhong-Yan , Chen Xiaohui , Wang Neng-Zhong , Cheng Ya-Min
Published: January 2023

Selective functionalization via cleavage of the C–N bond of amines has proven to be challenging partly because of its relatively high bond dissociation energy, even though amines are abundant and readily available. To meet this challenge, many new transformations based on the pre-activation of the C–N bond before the cleavage have been developed. Among them, the conversion of amines into quaternary ammonium salts has certain advantages, such as easy preparation from primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, as well as stable storage and usage. Although transition metal catalysis has been frequently applied for developing new transformations via oxidative addition of the C–N bond of quaternary ammonium salts, recent studies have shown a new dimension by using green electro- or photochemical tools. In this short review, recent advances in electro-, photo-, or photoelectrochemical driven synthetic applications of quaternary ammonium salts have been summarized and discussed.

1 Introduction

2 Electrochemical Driven Transformations

3 Photochemical Driven Transformations

4 Photoelectrochemical Driven Transformations

5 Conclusion and Outlook
Non-Symmetric Bispyrrolotetrathiafulvalene Building Blocks
Authors: Jeppesen Jan O. , Neumann Mathias S.
Published: January 2023

The use of redox-responsive compounds has received a lot of research attention in the field of molecular nanotechnology. Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) is one of the key redox units that has been used to construct redox-active materials. A wide variety of TTF derivatives have been reported including the monopyrroloTTF (MPTTF) and the bispyrroloTTF (BPTTF) derivatives. However, the use of BPTTF as a building block is still limited, despite several favorable properties of its highly π-extended structure. Herein, the synthesis and functionalization of two novel non-symmetric BPTTF building blocks are reported. The key intermediates in these new synthetic protocols are 4,6-dimethyl-5-tosyl-5H-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-c]pyrrole-2-thione and 5-(4-iodophenyl)-4,6-dimethyl[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-c]pyrrole-2-thione, which can be obtained in moderate to high yields in a two- or three-step synthetic procedure from 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-dithiocyanato-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrole and 1-(4-iodo­phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole, respectively.
Recent Advances in the Trifluoromethylation Reactions of Isonitriles To Construct CF3-Substituted N-Heterocycles
Authors: Kiss Loránd , Aradi Klára
Published: January 2023

Due to the increasing need for fluorine-containing drugs, the synthesis of organofluorine scaffolds has become a highly researched area of synthetic organic chemistry. The introduction of the trifluoromethyl group into the structure of an organic molecule has considerable potential and several advantages concerning the characteristics of the fluorinated pharmaceuticals. The incorporation of a CF3 group at multiple bonds containing a nitrogen heteroatom is a relatively new field and currently it is an expanding area of synthetic chemistry. This short review summarizes, for the first time, recent developments in trifluoromethylation reactions of isonitriles.

1 Introduction

2 Trifluoromethylation Reactions of Isonitriles

2.1 Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Phenanthridine Derivatives

2.2 Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Quinoline Derivatives

2.3 Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Isoquinoline Derivatives

2.4 Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Indole Derivatives

2.5 Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Pyridine Derivatives

3 Summary and Outlook
Future windows could generate electricity with multilayer film advances
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: January 2023

Zinc oxide and tin oxide multilayers make an improved transparent material for thermoelectric conversion devices.
Fully developed, doubly periodic, viscous flows in infinite space-periodic pipes under general time-periodic total fluxes
Authors: Beirão da Veiga Hugo , Yang Jiaqi
Published: January 2023

We study the motion of a viscous incompressible fluid in an n + 1-dimensional infinite pipe Λ with an L-periodic shape in the z = xn+1 direction. We denote by Σz the cross-section of the pipe at the level z and by vz the (n + 1)th component of the velocity. We look for fully developed solutions v(x, z, t) with a given T-time periodic total flux g(t)=∫Σzvz(x,z,t)dx, which should be simultaneously T-periodic with respect to time and L-space-periodic with respect to z. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the above problem. The results extend those proved in the study by Beirão da Veiga [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 178(3), 301–325 (2005)], where the cross-sections were independent of z.
Control and symmetry breaking aspects of a geomagnetic field inversion model
Authors: Boui A Boya Bertrand Frederick , Danao Adile Adoum , Kengne Léandre Kamdjeu , Kengne Jacques
Published: January 2023

In this work, we consider the geomagnetic field inversion model proposed by Gissinger et al. [Europhys. Lett. 90(4), 49001 (2010)], where a quadratic term is added for symmetry control purposes. The resulting system is explored in both symmetric and asymmetric modes of operation. In the symmetric case, we report a bursting phenomenon and heterogeneous multistability of six and four different attractors. We show that the model owns an offset adjustment feature. In the asymmetric case, the model develops different phenomena, such as the coexistence of (four and three) asymmetric attractors, asymmetric (periodic and chaotic) bursting oscillation, and transient asymmetric bursting phenomenon. The effect of symmetry breaking is also manifested in the bubbles of bifurcation. It is shown that this system can leave from the multistable state to a monostable state by adjusting the coupling parameter of a linear controller. Moreover, microcontroller-based implementation of the system is considered to check the correctness of the numerical results.
A newly designed decoupling method for micro-Newton thrust measurement
Authors: Xu Hao , Mao Qiangbing , Gao Yong , Wei Liqiu , Ding Yongjie , Tu Haibo , Song Peiyi , Hu Zhongkun , Li Qing
Published: January 2023

A decoupling method is proposed for micro-Newton thrust measurement with a torsion pendulum. The basic approach is to reduce the influences introduced by the propellant tube and wires of the thruster. A hollow aluminum tube is used to hang the torsion pendulum and is also chosen as the transport pipe for the propellant of the thruster. The electric control box of the thruster is mounted on the pendulum body, which is powered by an externally installed power supply through a liquid metal conductive unit. The control of the electric control box is performed through wireless transmission. With this design, the influences of the propellant tube and connection wires between the torsion pendulum and the outside device are reduced and the stability of the torsion spring constant of the system can be improved. The use of the liquid metal conductive unit reduces the coupling between the wires and the measurement system. The feasibility of the wireless transmission is analyzed. The error sources during the thrust measurement are analyzed, and the expected three σ uncertainty of the thrust is 0.032+(0.10%*F)2μN for the measurement of the cold gas thruster. The scheme provides a thrust measurement with higher precision and stability.
Limits of entrainment of circadian neuronal networks
Authors: Psarellis Yorgos M. , Kavousanakis Michail , Henson Michael A. , Kevrekidis Ioannis G.
Published: January 2023

Circadian rhythmicity lies at the center of various important physiological and behavioral processes in mammals, such as sleep, metabolism, homeostasis, mood changes, and more. Misalignment of intrinsic neuronal oscillations with the external day–night cycle can disrupt such processes and lead to numerous disorders. In this work, we computationally determine the limits of circadian synchronization to external light signals of different frequency, duty cycle, and simulated amplitude. Instead of modeling circadian dynamics with generic oscillator models (e.g., Kuramoto-type), we use a detailed computational neuroscience model, which integrates biomolecular dynamics, neuronal electrophysiology, and network effects. This allows us to investigate the effect of small drug molecules, such as Longdaysin, and connect our results with experimental findings. To combat the high dimensionality of such a detailed model, we employ a matrix-free approach, while our entire algorithmic pipeline enables numerical continuation and construction of bifurcation diagrams using only direct simulation. We, thus, computationally explore the effect of heterogeneity in the circadian neuronal network, as well as the effect of the corrective therapeutic intervention of Longdaysin. Last, we employ unsupervised learning to construct a data-driven embedding space for representing neuronal heterogeneity.
Structure and elasticity of model disordered, polydisperse, and defect-free polymer networks
Authors: Sorichetti Valerio , Ninarello Andrea , Ruiz-Franco José , Hugouvieux Virginie , Zaccarelli Emanuela , Micheletti Cristian , Kob Walter , Rovigatti Lorenzo
Published: January 2023

The elasticity of disordered and polydisperse polymer networks is a fundamental problem of soft matter physics that is still open. Here, we self-assemble polymer networks via simulations of a mixture of bivalent and tri- or tetravalent patchy particles, which result in an exponential strand length distribution analogous to that of experimental randomly cross-linked systems. After assembly, the network connectivity and topology are frozen and the resulting system is characterized. We find that the fractal structure of the network depends on the number density at which the assembly has been carried out, but that systems with the same mean valence and same assembly density have the same structural properties. Moreover, we compute the long-time limit of the mean-squared displacement, also known as the (squared) localization length, of the cross-links and of the middle monomers of the strands, showing that the dynamics of long strands is well described by the tube model. Finally, we find a relation connecting these two localization lengths at high density and connect the cross-link localization length to the shear modulus of the system.
Ultra-narrow linewidth dual-cavity opto-mechanical microwave oscillator based on radial guided acoustic modes of single-mode fiber
Authors: Liu Yi , Ning Yu , Gu Yuanqi , Chen Pengfei , Jiang Kai , Wang Linyi , You Yajun , He Wenjun , Chou Xiujian
Published: January 2023

A dual-cavity opto-mechanical microwave oscillator (OM-MO) for microwave photonic (MWP) generation with ultra-narrow linewidth based on radial (R) guided acoustic modes of a single-mode fiber (SMF) is proposed and investigated experimentally. The dual-cavity OM-MO consists of a 5 km SMF main ring, which provides forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS) gain, and a 300 m SMF subring that achieves single-frequency output of the R07 guided acoustic mode based MWP (R07-MWP) with Vernier effect. At 300 mW 980 nm pump threshold power, the 319.79 MHz R07-MWP is generated by adjusting polarization controllers based on nonlinear polarization rotation effect, corresponding to the 7437th harmonic of the 43 kHz cavity round trip frequency. The 3 Hz ultra-narrow linewidth of R07-MWP is achieved by decreasing the intrinsic linewidth of the passive ring resonator. The acoustic-mode and longitudinal-mode suppression ratios reach 22 and 36 dB, respectively. Within 20 min of the stability experiment, the power and frequency stability fluctuation of the R07-MWP are ±1 dB and ±0.05 MHz, respectively. This ultra-narrow linewidth MWP generation technology has great potential in the communication field, especially in long-distance wireless communication transmission.
A numerical investigation of wavy microchannels with secondary branches under non-uniform heating
Authors: Gao Zhigang , Zheng Dawen , Bai Junhua , Shang Xiaolong , Li Peng
Published: January 2023

The maneuverability of flight vehicles and their significant working power cause high non-uniform heat flux in their electrical components. Meanwhile, the package structure of components leads to a hostile heat dissipation environment in which air cooling cannot be realized, and a heat sink with conventional dimensions cannot meet the strong heat dissipation requirement, so the microchannel heat sink (MCHS) has been proposed instead. The mode of secondary branches of microchannel heat sink on the current research was full-opening one crossing the channel wall, the semi-opening secondary branch has rarely been studied yet. Meanwhile, the influences of secondary branches on the flow and heat transfer performance and temperature uniformity of an MCHS under non-uniform heat flux have not been mentioned. Hence, in this paper, a numerical model for a MCHS with secondary branches is proposed to enhance the thermal performance of heat sinks and to improve the temperature uniformity of the substrates. Considering the symmetry structure of the heat sinks, the computational domain is constructed by two parallel sinusoidal channels with secondary branches on the adjacent channel wall. The effects of geometric factors, such as the cross-sectional opening degree and the arrangement of branches on the thermal performance of the heat sinks, are studied. The results show that compared with the conventional wavy MCHS, the secondary branches promote fluid mixing efficiency, enhance thermal performance, and provide dynamic adjustment of the flow distribution. Furthermore, a heat sink with middle semi-opening branches shows superior thermal performance, while the one with interlaced semi-opening branches shows better temperature uniformity of substrate. Meanwhile, an MCHS with secondary branches has a much larger Fc and a smaller Ṡgen/Ṡgen, 0 than those of a heat sink with no branches.
Remote sensing shows south-east Queensland koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) prefer areas of higher tree canopy height within their home ranges
Authors: Mitchell Dave L. , Soto-Berelov Mariela , Jones Simon D.
Published: January 2023

Context Home range studies allow investigation of faunal habitat use within a well-defined area, and for some species, the concept of ‘core’ and ‘non-core’ home ranges provides the means to examine how resource use varies within home ranges. Taking this approach, we investigated whether koalas preferentially used areas of taller forest canopy within home ranges. After an extensive examination of data quality and home range estimation methods, we used remote sensing techniques to provide canopy height information at high resolution. Aims In many areas, koalas prefer taller individual trees at the plot scale; our aim was to investigate whether koalas prefer forest areas with higher canopy height within their home ranges. Methods In our southeast Queensland study area, we developed a canopy height model (CHM) from airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data. Existing radio telemetry and GPS data from 135 koalas were used to generate home ranges using 95% kernel density estimators, and 50% kernels represented core home ranges. Some home ranges occupied more than one forest type (Regional Ecosystem – RE); we treated each RE as an individual patch, and used 225 patches in our analysis. We intersected the 95% kernels with the CHM, and used hierarchical spatial clustering to derive four categorical canopy height classes within each patch. We then compared differences in height class area proportions between core and non-core areas for each patch. Key results The highest of the four canopy height classes comprised a significantly higher proportion of core areas (42.3%) than non-core areas (30.7%). Classes 2 and 3 were evenly distributed, and the proportion of Class 4 (lowest canopy height) was 20.3% of non-core areas and 11.0% in core areas. Results were similar for REs grouped by Land Zone and individual REs. Conclusions and implications We conclude that areas of higher canopy are an important habitat resource for koalas. We have, for the first time, examined resource variability within entire koala home ranges using remote sensing, and our methods demonstrate an avenue for further research using other forms of remote sensing. Classified canopy height models could also be used for strategic conservation planning, and at population-level koala habitat management when combined with other relevant habitat factors.
Report on the AFRIMETS.M.T-S1 supplementary torque comparison for 500 N·m and 1000 N·m between NIS (Egypt) and PTB (Germany)
Authors: Khaled K M , Brüge Andreas , Kumme Rolf
Published: January 2023

Main text

The AFRIMETS.M.T-S1 supplementary comparison has been conducted between NIS (Egypt) and PTB (Germany) at the torque of 500 N·m and 1000 N·m in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions. The comparison results revealed the equivalence of torque realized by the 1000 N·m DWTSMs of NIS and of PTB within their measurement uncertainties.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
High-performance transparent electromagnetic interference shielding film based on metal meshes
Authors: Chung Sung-il , Kim Pan Kyeom , Ha Tae-gyu
Published: January 2023

Transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding films have gained considerable attention for the commercialization of the 5G wireless technology based on electromagnetic waves in the GHz range. In this study, transparent EMI shielding films with embedded metal meshes on a 100 μm thick polyethylene terephthalate film for EMI shielding were fabricated using ultraviolet imprinting and Ag paste filling techniques. The various EMI shielding film types were fabricated by varying the width, aperture size, and height of the mesh electrode to evaluate the efficiency of the EMI shielding according to the incident electromagnetic wave frequency and morphology of the mesh metallic electrodes. The results indicate that the EMI shielding efficiency (SE) increased with a decrease in the aperture size of the metal mesh electrodes and an increase in their height. The average EMI SE values of the fabricated film in the 0.5–18 GHz range reached 48.3 dB and 59.6 dB at a light transmittance of approximately 90% and 77%, respectively. The fabricated EMI shielding films can be used for various applications, such as communications, aerospace, medical equipment, and military.
Homodyne nonclassical area as a nonclassicality indicator
Authors: Rohith M , Kannan S , Sudheesh C
Published: January 2023

We propose a legitimate and easily computable nonclassicality indicator for the states of the electromagnetic field based on the standard deviation in the measurement of the homodyne rotated quadrature operator. The proposed nonclassicality indicator is the nonclassical area projected by the optical tomogram of the quantum state of light on the optical tomographic plane. If the nonclassical area projected by the optical tomogram of a quantum state is greater than zero, the state is nonclassical, and the area is zero for the pure classical state. It is also noted that the nonclassical area of a quantum state increases with an increase in the strength of nonclassicality-inducing operations on the state, such as squeezing, photon addition, etc. We have tested the validity of the nonclassical area measure by calculating the same for certain well-known nonclassical states, and found that essential features of the nonclassicality shown by the states are captured in the nonclassical area. We also show that the nonclassical area is robust against environment-induced decoherence of the states. The nonclassical area projected by the optical tomogram of a quantum state of light is experimentally tractable using the balanced homodyne detection of the quadrature operator of the field, avoiding the reconstruction of the density matrix or the quasiprobability distribution of the state.
N2O5 in air discharge plasma: energy-efficient production, maintenance factors and sterilization effects
Authors: Wang Zifeng , Zhu Mengying , Liu Dingxin , Liu Linbo , Wang Xiangyu , Chen Jinkun , Guo Li , Liu Yunen , Hou Mingxiao , Rong Mingzhe
Published: January 2023

N2O5, a reactive species produced by air discharge plasma, has recently attracted much attention. Due to its high reactivity and solubility, N2O5 is a key molecule in nitrogen fixation processes and exhibits promising prospects in plasma biomedicine. However, thus far, it is not well known how to produce N2O5 efficiently and then maintain its concentration under the action of fast removal reactions. In view of this, N2O5 production by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) alone and by the combination of DBD and gliding arc discharge is compared in this paper. It is found that the combination method can yield over three times the concentration of N2O5 compared to the single DBD method with the optimum discharge power. Moreover, the concentration of N2O5 in the effluent gas can be maintained once O3 also exists because O3 can continually produce N2O5 to compensate for its reduction. Finally, the sterilization effects of both the plasma effluent gas and plasma-activated water have trends similar to the trend of the gaseous N2O5 concentration, implying that N2O5 plays an important role in sterilization. This paper enhances the understanding of N2O5 chemistry in air discharge plasma and provides an effective way to produce and maintain N2O5 for subsequent applications.
Performance improvement of Hf0.45Zr0.55O
x
ferroelectric field effect transistor memory with ultrathin Al–O bonds-modified InO
x
channels
Authors: Meng Wei , Xiao Dong-Qi , Luo Bin-Bin , Wu Xiaohan , Zhu Bao , Liu Wen-Jun , Ding Shi-Jin
Published: January 2023

Ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET) memories with hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) ferroelectric gate dielectric and ultrathin InO
x
channel exhibit promising applicability in monolithic three-dimensional (M3D) integrated chips. However, the inferior stability of the devices severely limits their applications. In this work, we studied the effect of single cycle of atomic-layer-deposited Al–O bonds repeatedly embedded into an ultrathin InO
x
channel (∼2.8 nm) on the Hf0.45Zr0.55O
x
FeFET memory performance. Compared to the pure InO
x
channel, three cycles of Al–O bonds modified InO
x
channel (IAO-3) generates a much larger memory window (i.e. drain current ratio between the programmed and erased devices) under the same program conditions (+5.5 V/500 ns), especially after post-annealing at 325 °C for 180 s in O2 (1238 versus 317). Meanwhile, the annealed IAO-3 FeFET memory also shows quite stable data retention up to 104 s, and much more robust program/erase stabilities till 105 cycles. This is because the modification of strong Al–O bonds stabilizes the oxygen vacancies and reduces the bulk trap density in the channel. Furthermore, it is indicated that the program and erase efficiencies increase gradually with reducing the channel length of the memory device. By demonstrating markedly improved performance of the HZO FeFET memory with the ultrathin IAO-3 channel, this work provides a promising device for M3D integratable logic and memory convergent systems.
Shell effects and free-electrons in electromigrated oxidized Cu-nanocontacts
Authors: Hauser Julia , Rothhardt Daniel , Pfender-Siedle Robert , Hoffmann-Vogel Regina
Published: January 2023

Electromigration in interconnects continues to be an important field of study in integrated circuits as the interconnects are planned to shrink in size at comparable pace as the semiconductor functional elements. Through shrinking the interconnects approach the regime where quantum size effects become important. The observation of quantum size and shell effects is usually restricted either to low-temperatures or vacuum conditions or to chemically inert materials such as Au. Here, we show that in electromigrated Cu nanocontacts such effects can be observed at room temperature and room pressure even in the presence of oxidation. Our data provide evidence that the nanocontacts are nearly spherical objects with a triangular-cylindrical symmetry of their electronic wave functions with a stronger free-electron-like character compared to previous results. We do not observe a detrimental effect of oxygen. The presence of shell effects has implications for the technological use of Cu nanocontacts as interconnects in integrated circuits and could lead to the use of electronic wave functions of shells in such interconnects.
Acoustic Doppler effect experiment: integration of frequency sound generator, tracker and visual analyser
Authors: Sam Hun Hanisah , Che Abu Bakar Siti Norulakmal , Mat Daud Anis Nazihah
Published: January 2023

This study was conducted to design an acoustic Doppler effect experimental setup by integrating the frequency sound generator application, tracker and visual analyser. The experimental setup was evaluated by determining the frequency of the sound source in four cases; (a) a stationary observer and a moving sound source, (b) a stationary sound source and a moving observer, (c) a sound source and an observer are moving in the same direction and (d) a sound source and an observer are moving in the opposite direction. The findings showed that the percentage errors for the calculated values of the sound source frequency were less than 0.40% compared to the reference values for all four cases. Hence, the proposed acoustic Doppler effect experimental setup can be used to improve the acoustic Doppler effect concept among students.
A thermo-viscoelastic constitutive model addressing the cyclic shape memory effect for thermo-induced shape memory polymers
Authors: Li Jian , Liang Zhihong , Liu Junjie , Yu Chao , Zhang Xuelian , Kan Qianhua
Published: January 2023

The cyclic shape memory effect of thermo-induced shape memory polymers (TSMPs) is a typical thermo-mechanical process that can be affected by thermo-mechanical loading histories. During the deformation stage of the cyclic shape memory effect, polymer chains exhibit the initial dissociation of sub-entanglements, slipping and orientation with the increase in the deformation. The strain can be recovered with the internal rotation of the dihedral angle due to the enhancing motion of polymer chains during the reheating. Based on the rheological theory, a thermo-viscoelastic model is proposed to capture the cyclic shape memory effect of TSMPs. A temperature-dependent stress threshold value is introduced to reflect the slipping of polymer chains. In order to take into account how orientation affects the cyclic shape memory effect, a relationship between the strain and orientation is constructed and introduced into the evolution equations of elastic modulus, viscosity and irrecoverable strain. By comparing the experimental and simulated results at different loading levels and numbers of cycles, the proposed model is verified. The results show that the proposed model can reasonably predict the cyclic shape memory effect of TSMPs.
Red shift of lead-free halide perovskite RbCaCl3 under pressure for enhancing optoelectronic performance
Authors: Saiduzzaman Md , Hossain Khandaker Monower , Asif Tariqul Islam , Mitro S K , Ahmad Sohail
Published: January 2023

This study focuses on the exploration of pressure effects on the structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of a cubic halide perovskite RbCaCl3 using density functional theory. The calculated values of lattice constant and unit cell volume at zero pressure are justified by the previous experimental and theoretical studies. As pressure is applied both the lattice constant and unit cell volume decrease steadily because of bond length reduction inside the material. The indirect band gap nature of the studied perovskite transforms into direct under applied pressure of 40 GPa and more. Moreover, the band gap value significantly reduces under pressure effect from ultraviolet to visible energy region. Though the bonding nature of both Rb−Cl and Ca−Cl is initially ionic, the induced pressure slightly reduces the ionicity of Rb−Cl and makes the Ca−Cl bond covalent. The optical absorption reveals a red shift in the visible energy region advantageous for using RbCaCl3 in solar cell applications. In addition, the overall optical analysis reveals that the pressure-induced compound is more suitable for optoelectronic device applications than that of zero pressure system. The external hydrostatic pressure significantly affects the mechanical properties of titled compound, making it more ductile and anisotropic.
Observational constraints on interacting vacuum energy with linear interactions
Authors: Kaeonikhom Chakkrit , Assadullahi Hooshyar , Schewtschenko Jascha , Wands David
Published: January 2023

We explore the bounds that can be placed on interactions between cold dark matter and vacuum energy, with equation of state w = -1, using state-of-the-art cosmological observations. We consider linear perturbations about a simple background model where the energy transfer per Hubble time, Q/H, is a general linear function of the dark matter density, ρc
, and vacuum energy, V.
We explain the parameter degeneracies found when fitting cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies alone, and show how these are broken by the addition of supernovae data, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and redshift-space distortions (RSD). In particular, care must be taken when relating redshift-space distortions to the growth of structure in the presence of non-zero energy transfer. Interactions in the dark sector can alleviate the tensions between low-redshift measurements of the Hubble parameter, H0
, or weak-lensing, S8
, and the values inferred from CMB data. However these tensions return when we include constraints from supernova and BAO-RSD datasets. In the general linear interaction model we show that, while it is possible to relax both the Hubble and weak-lensing tensions simultaneously, the reduction in these tensions is modest (reduced to less slightly than 4σ and 2σ respectively).
Gamma-ray computed tomography system with a double-sided strip detector
Authors: Fukuchi T. , Takeda S. , Katsuragawa M. , Yabu G. , Watanabe S. , Takahashi T. , Watanabe Y.
Published: January 2023

We have developed a γ-ray computed tomography system using a CdTe double-sided strip detector. Owing to a 250 μm fine strip pitch and high energy resolution with photon-counting capability, the system provides highly accurate images, with which the materials and their distributions inside the target can be determined according to the photon transmittances. We evaluated the key performance of the system, conducting transmission measurements for Al, Cu, and Pb plates and also for Al, Fe, Cu, and Pb rod-phantoms, both using X-rays (∼30 keV) and γ-rays (∼80 keV) from a 133Ba source. The measured transmittances agreed well with the calculated values from simulations. We successfully reconstructed the three-dimensional structure of the rod-phantom and distinguished the elements inside the phantom. Compared with the simulated photon transmittances, we found that material identification based on tomographic images obtained with the system is efficient as long as the target object does not contain thick high-Z elements.
Automatic energy calibration of radiation portal monitors using deep learning and spectral remapping
Authors: Jeon Byoungil , Park Jaeheong , Park Kyutae , Lee Joohyun , Moon Myungkook
Published: January 2023

Radiation portal monitors comprising large-volume plastic
scintillators are commonly used to monitor the smuggling of
radioactive materials. Various applications have been proposed to
perform radioisotope identification using these monitors. Such
applications require calibration of the spectrum measured by the
detector to obtain the physical energy spectrum. The relationship
between the multichannel readout and energy bins depends on
environmental conditions: it implies that energy calibration in
radiation portal monitors should be performed periodically, even
multiple times in a single day, thus demanding for a simple and fast
energy calibration method. In this study, a deep learning model and
a spectral remapping method were used to transform the raw detector
output into an energy spectrum with constant energy bins. The deep
learning model was designed to predict energy calibration parameters
based on the channel spectrum of a single radioisotope. The dataset
used to train the deep learning model was generated using the
spectrum of the radiation portal monitor. A convolutional neural
network model was utilized to evaluate the performance. The
remapping method was designed to remap calibrated energy bins to
fixed energy bins based on the linear interpolation of nearby
bins. The performance of the neural network model and of the
remapping method were then evaluated based on several measured
spectra taken with different conditions, and found to be adequate to
fulfill the requirements.
A clinical feasible stem cell encapsulation ensures an improved wound healing
Authors: Zuo Xiao , Jiang Xia , Zhang Yaya , Huang Yushi , Wang Ning , Zhu Ping , Kang Y James
Published: January 2023

Cell encapsulation has proven to be promising in stem cell therapy. However, there are issues needed to be addressed, including unsatisfied yield, unmet clinically friendly formulation, and unacceptable viability of stem cells after cryopreservation and thawing. We developed a novel biosynsphere technology to encapsulate stem cells in clinically-ready biomaterials with controlled microsphere size. We demonstrated that biosynspheres ensure the bioviability and functionality of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) encapsulated, as delineated by a series of testing procedures. We further demonstrated that biosynspheres protect ADSCs from the hardness of clinically handling such as cryopreservation, thawing, high-speed centrifugation and syringe/nozzle injection. In a swine full skin defect model, we showed that biosynspheres were integrated to the destined tissues and promoted the repair of injured tissues with an accelerating healing process, less scar tissue formation and normalized deposition of collagen type I and type III, the ratio similar to that found in normal skin. These findings underscore the potential of biosynsphere as an improved biofabrication technology for tissue regeneration in clinical setting.
Increasing Alaskan river discharge during the cold season is driven by recent warming
Authors: Blaskey Dylan , Koch Joshua C , Gooseff Michael N , Newman Andrew J , Cheng Yifan , O’Donnell Jonathan A , Musselman Keith N
Published: January 2023

Arctic hydrology is experiencing rapid changes including earlier snow melt, permafrost degradation, increasing active layer depth, and reduced river ice, all of which are expected to lead to changes in stream flow regimes. Recently, long-term (>60 years) climate reanalysis and river discharge observation data have become available. We utilized these data to assess long-term changes in discharge and their hydroclimatic drivers. River discharge during the cold season (October–April) increased by 10% per decade. The most widespread discharge increase occurred in April (15% per decade), the month of ice break-up for the majority of basins. In October, when river ice formation generally begins, average monthly discharge increased by 7% per decade. Long-term air temperature increases in October and April increased the number of days above freezing (+1.1 d per decade) resulting in increased snow ablation (20% per decade) and decreased snow water equivalent (−12% per decade). Compared to the historical period (1960–1989), mean April and October air temperature in the recent period (1990–2019) have greater correlation with monthly discharge from 0.33 to 0.68 and 0.0–0.48, respectively. This indicates that the recent increases in air temperature are directly related to these discharge changes. Ubiquitous increases in cold and shoulder-season discharge demonstrate the scale at which hydrologic and biogeochemical fluxes are being altered in the Arctic.
Localization of two dimensional quantum walks defined by generalized Grover coins
Authors: Mandal Amrita , Sarma Sarkar Rohit , Adhikari Bibhas
Published: January 2023

Localization phenomena of quantum walks makes the propagation dynamics of a walker strikingly different from that corresponding to classical random walks. In this paper, we study the localization phenomena of four-state discrete-time quantum walks on two-dimensional lattices with coin operators as one-parameter orthogonal matrices that are also permutative, a combinatorial structure of the Grover matrix. We show that the proposed walks localize at its initial position for canonical initial coin states when the coin belongs to classes which contain the Grover matrix that we consider in this paper, however, the localization phenomena depends on the coin parameter when the class of parametric coins does not contain the Grover matrix.
Study of the photovoltaic properties of Cs and Cl co-doped FAPbI3 based on first principles
Authors: Huang Shangfen , Li Haixia , Liu Jun , Tao Jun
Published: January 2023

Formamidine lead iodide perovskite (FAPbI3) is often used as a light-absorbing layer in solar cells to alleviate the energy crisis because of its good photovoltaic properties. However, its lack of stability is also an obstacle to the current development. It has been found that doping with different kinds of elements at different sites can enhance its stability and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells. In this study, the geometry, electronic structure, and optical properties of FA1−xCsxPbI3−yCly were calculated using Cs and Cl co-doped with FAPbI3 using first principles. The analysis revealed that the Goldschmidt factors of the doped system were between 0.962 and 0.974, indicating that the systems could maintain a stable perovskite structure and that the doped system had lower energy and a more stable structure. By calculating the energy bands, it was found that the doped ions have a more pronounced effect on the increase in the dispersion at the bottom of the conduction band than on the decrease in the dispersion at the top of the valence band of the system, and the reduction of the effective mass of carriers is more favorable for transport. As for the optical properties, the right amount of doping is favorable for the improvement of light absorption, whereas excess doping shortens the light absorption range and weakens the light absorption effect, in which FA0.875Cs0.125PbI2.958Cl0.125 has the largest light absorption coefficient. It is shown that the photoelectric properties of FAPbI3 can be effectively modulated by the co-doping with Cs and Cl, which can provide a theoretical reference for the precise preparation of more efficient solar cells.
Preprint Highlight: The mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo mediates Rho activation and actin stress fibre formation in Drosophila nephrocytes
Authors: Landino Jennifer
Published: January 2023

Kidney epithelial cells operate under high mechanical stress and require biochemical responses to maintain proper morphology and function. This study investigates how the mechanosensitive channel Piezo contributes to mechanotransduction in Drosophila melanogaster nephrocytes. This work shows that Piezo regulates intracellular Ca++ levels in response to shear stress, which leads to increased Rho1 GTPase activity and downstream actin remodeling. Piezo overexpression impairs the acute response to shear stress, a phenotype that is rescued by the inhibition of mechanosensitive channels. The authors describe a new mechanical signaling pathway that drives cytoskeletal remodeling in response to shear stress in the fly renal system. They link their findings to human gene expression data from patient populations showing that Piezo2 is up-regulated in multiple disease states, connecting the molecular signaling to physiological outcomes.

This preprint has been assigned the following badges: Cross-Validation, New Hypothesis.

Read the preprint on bioRxiv ( Koehler et al., 2022 ): https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.23.465463 .
Trichotillomania: Workbook
Authors: Twohig Michael P. , Woods Douglas
Published: January 2023

Trichotillomania: An ACT-enhanced Behavior Therapy Approach Workbook presents a 10-session therapist-guided workbook on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Enhanced Behavior Therapy for Trichotillomania (AEBT-T). The design of AEBT-T aims to help people with their trichotillomania (TTM) by thinking differently about triggers and learning to live a valued life. Moreover, the approach balances traditional behavior therapy approaches of habit reversal training and stimulus control techniques with a contemporary ACT-based approach. The ACT-based approach teaches clients to behave flexibly in accordance with their values despite uncomfortable thoughts, feelings, urges, and cravings triggered by hair-pulling. The workbook also reflects new research with an easy-to-use session-by-session guideline accompanied by therapy support forms and materials. AEBT-T has proven its efficacy as a valuable resource and powerful tool for clients to manage their TTM and hair-pulling habits.
Trichotillomania: Therapist Guide
Authors: Twohig Michael P. , Woods Douglas
Published: January 2023

This book focuses on trichotillomania, a complex disorder that is difficult to treat and for which there are few effective therapeutic options. It provides a 10-session program designed to teach therapists how to help clients reduce their pulling, think differently about the internal experiences that trigger pulling, and learn to live a more valued life. It also promotes an approach that blends traditional behavior therapy approaches of habit reversal training and stimulus control techniques with a more contemporary approach based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Patients are encouraged to behave flexibly and in concert with their values whenever they face the uncomfortable thoughts, feelings, urges, and cravings that often trigger the pulling. Emerging evidence suggests the treatment can be successfully applied to older children and adolescents and describes how the treatment can be modified for these populations.
Interacting dark energy from the joint analysis of the power spectrum and bispectrum multipoles with the EFTofLSS
Authors: Tsedrik Maria , Moretti Chiara , Carrilho Pedro , Rizzo Federico , Pourtsidou Alkistis
Published: January 2023

Interacting dark energy models have been suggested as alternatives to the standard cosmological model, ΛCDM. We focus on a phenomenologically interesting class of dark scattering models that is characterized by pure momentum exchange between dark energy and dark matter. This model extends the parameter space with respect to ΛCDM by two parameters, w and A, which define the dark energy equation of state and the strength of the coupling between dark energy and dark matter, respectively. In order to test non-standard cosmologies with Stage-IV galaxy clustering surveys, it is crucial to model mildly non-linear scales and perform precision versus accuracy tests. We use the Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure; and we perform validation tests by means of an MCMC analysis using a large set of N-body simulations. We find that adding the bispectrum monopole to the power spectrum multipoles improves the constraints on the dark energy parameters by $\sim 30 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for $k_{\mathrm{max}, B}^{l=0} = 0.11$ h Mpc−1, without introducing biases in the parameter estimation. We also find that the same improvement can be achieved with more moderate scale cuts and the use of bias relations, or with the addition of the bispectrum quadrupole. Finally, we study degeneracies between the dark energy parameters and the scalar amplitude As and discuss the corresponding projection effects, as well as degeneracies with other cosmological parameters.
Vladimir Propp and Russian Wondertales
Authors: Forrester Sibelan
Published: January 2023

Vladimir Propp (1895–1970) is almost certainly the most internationally famous Russian scholar of folklore. This chapter traces his biography, including important questions of scholarly freedom and ethics under and after Stalin, then outlines his publications with particular attention to three works that most concern the wondertales, aka fairy tales (Morphology of the Folktale, Historical Roots of the Wondertale, and The Russian Folktale), and the ways his formalist, structuralist, and semiotic insights continue to resonate in scholarship today. It concludes with a glance at the Afanas’ev collection of folk tales that Propp used and where those tales are today, with a final summary of Propp’s role in Russian and international folkloristics.
Vatican II and the Theology of Reception
Authors: Routhier Gilles
Published: January 2023

The reception of the documents of Vatican II has been a subject of debate and ambiguity. As this chapter argues, any attempt to delineate a coherent theology of reception based on the documents of the council alone is fraught with problems. However, if examined closely, the documents of the council do provide an initial outline of a theory of reception. One must not look for specific words in the documents themselves but rather at how they point to specific realities in the Church, four of which are highlighted as being crucial to understanding how the documents of the council have been and are still being received in the Church: a theology of tradition, a theology of the local church, a consistent pneumatology, and a theology of cultures.
Moral Theology and the Paradigm Shift of Vatican II
Authors: Bretzke James T.
Published: January 2023

The governing thesis for this chapter on the reception of Vatican II in moral theology is that the Council itself is best viewed in terms of a major paradigm shift—along the lines of paradigm theory articulated by science historian Thomas Kuhn in his foundational work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), as well as the seminal insights of Cardinal Avery Dulles, SJ, outlined in his Models of the Church (1974). The use of the Kuhn–Dulles approach to models and paradigms allows for a bridge between the clashing interpretations of post-conciliar reception as being either a ‘hermeneutics of rupture’ or a ‘hermeneutics of continuity’. The paradigm shift I hypothesize permits a both/and understanding of the hermeneutical question. This paradigm then is applied to the major developments and debates in moral theology following the close of the council, along with the historical context in which these developments took place.