bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Giant Steering the Ship: The Leadership Style of Oliver Tambo and the Lessons that can be Drawn
Authors: Marx Lauren C.
Published: November 2018

Oliver Tambo dedicated most of his life to the liberation of South Africa from apartheid dominion, whereby he garnered international respect from his peers and contemporaries. He rose to prominence within the African National Congress (ANC) during a harrowing time in South Africaâ€™s history by consistently demonstrating leadership and guidance. Tamboâ€™s innate leadership skills originated through his unique mix of personality qualities that he steadfastly believed in his entire life. This tenacity and conviction allowed him to govern the leadership of the ANCâ€”despite being in exileâ€”in an efficient and systematic manner. The objective of this paper is to examine the different leadership traits Tambo possessed, which allowed him to steer his political partyâ€™s ship through the most turbulent of seas. Secondly, this paper examines the current political climate in South Africa with the aim of addressing leadership models required to mould and sculpt South African society into the Tambos of today. These two objectives will largely be pursued through oral testimonies of those who worked and interacted with Tambo closely over the years, as well as anecdotal stories which demonstrate the level of leadership Tambo always provided.
Abundant Grace: ACK St Paul’s Kiruri Turns 100 Years, 1906–2006, by Njoroge et al.
Authors: Gathogo Julius M.
Published: November 2018

The book, Abundant Grace: ACK St Paul’s Kiruri Turns 100 Years, 1906 – 2006 , was published in November 2007 as part of the centenary celebrations of St Paul’s Kiruri Anglican church, which falls within the Diocese of Mount Kenya Central of the Anglican Church Kenya (ACK). It was jointly researched and authored by Janet Njoroge, Ven. John Karumwa, Revd Ben Kanina, Hellen Kamau, Mary Maina, Eliud Mbuchi Waithaka, and Amos Kimani Kirikiru . In their acknowledgements, they appreciate the assistance extended to them by Lucas Alube of the ACK Archives and Amos Kiriro, among others
Caring Masculinities and Flexibilisation of Labour Markets: Fathers in Precarious and Managerial Employment in Slovenia
Authors: Hrženjak Majda , Humer Živa
Published: November 2018

The starting point of this article is that the transition from breadwinning to involved fathering is not only a matter of changing men’s identities, but is profoundly shaped by broader societal structures, among which labour markets appear as crucial. Given that in Slovenia flexibilisation of the labour markets is a salient issue, this qualitative study, based on explorative, in-depth, semi-structured, individual interviews with fathers in precarious and managerial employment, analyses how insecure and flexible work arrangements shape fatherhood practices, impact on chances of being an involved father and structure gender relations. Narratives of fathers in managerial positions point to the persistence of the breadwinner model of fathering with limited participation in childcare, expressed as “weekend fatherhood,” but also to a more egalitarian share of childcare, mainly among young fathers in managerial positions. Though the experiences of fathers in precarious employment point to their pronounced involvement in childcare, some cases in our sample indicate that precarious working relations can also, in a perverse way, lead to the strengthening of the breadwinner model and re-traditionalisation of gender relations.
"To Gay or not to Gay, that is the Question": Permeable Boundaries between Public and Private Spaces of Gay Male Academics and Students in South Africa
Authors: Rothmann Jacques
Published: November 2018

This article was informed by a study which focused on the identity construction and deconstruction of gay male participants, specifically as related to their academic lives. The findings originate from a 2012-2013 qualitative sociological study on the experiences of gay male academics and students on South African university campuses. The article reports on a subset of the data, since it provides an insightful account of these men's navigation between their communal identification with other gay men in social and private contexts. The author argues that participants' responses navigate between the heterosexualisation and the homosexualisation of these spaces, in an attempt to gravitate towards or distance themselves from a gay sensibility through temporary assimilation into "gay spaces" in order to negotiate their sexual agency.
The Politics of Belonging: Exploring Black African Lesbian Identity in South Africa
Authors: Van Zyl Mikki , Gordon Sarah Frances , Gouws Amanda
Published: November 2018

This article explores black African lesbian identity in South Africa and how lesbian women understand belonging. This is a contentious subject matter and is situated within a long history of heteronormativity and homophobia on the African continent, as well as the influences of colonialism and contemporary society. This history of heteronormativity and homophobia, combined with the Civil Union Act that gives South African lesbians and gays formal rights to marriage, has resulted in narratives in which contemporary black African women unravel the contradictions and emotions embedded in their struggles for belonging and identity in post-apartheid South Africa. Â
The Vocational Calling of Female Primary School Teachers Teaching in Environments of Multiple Deprivation
Authors: Van der Merwe Hettie
Published: November 2018

A context of multiple deprivation poses challenges to teaching and learning. This article explores the vocational calling of female teachers teaching in multiple-deprived circumstances in South Africa. Based on a qualitative investigation, individual interviews were conducted with 12 female teachers from primary schools in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and North West. The aim was to understand what the factors are that define female teacher existence in a school context of multiple deprivation. The findings show that female teacher conduct in such conditions relates to being a mother figure to the core, being a fundraiser to arrange resources for learners, and being a social worker in the parent community. These tasks are achieved through responding jointly to the learning needs of learners exposed to absolute poverty. The findings contribute to the discourse on teacher input to successful learning.
Involuntary Circumcision of Males in Illegal Initiation Schools in South Africa: A Violation of African Customary Human Rights?
Authors: Makama Porsche
Published: November 2018

The incidence of deaths associated with the practice of forced and botched circumcisions at initiation schools has become a topical issue in South Africa. In recent times, the number of deaths and injuries among initiates has risen at an alarming rate, most of them occurring at illegal initiation schools. The continuous rise in the number of injuries among initiates at these schools has elicited mixed reactions among community members, some referring to it as genocide in the case of fatalities and calling for its abandonment, while others argue that this traditional practice should be allowed to continue. The majority of young men who go to initiation schools do not make the decision on their own, nor do they have a choice in the matter. Instead they are compelled by parents or guardians, influenced by friends, and also coerced by others in the community who insist that they have to â€˜go to the mountainâ€™, as initiation schools are generally referred to in South Africa. It has been argued by those against circumcision that this practice infringes constitutional rights and contravenes the Childrenâ€™s Act 38 of 2005. There have been numerous instances where young and even mature males have been taken from the streets, or even from the comfort of their homes, and forced into circumcision camps with or without their consent. This begs the question whether the continued practice of a cultural tradition that violates the fundamental human right and freedom to choose religious and cultural beliefs is justifiable.
The Application of the Principles of Vicarious Liability in Minister of Safety and Security v Morudu: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Maseko Thembinkosi W
Published: November 2018

The past twenty years of South Africaâ€™s constitutional democracy have been challenging for the courts. However, the courts have managed to develop the common-law principle of vicarious liability in conformity with the spirit, purport and objects of the Constitution. What is concerning, though, is that the courts are still grappling with the application of the law of vicarious liability, despite this area of the law having been developed by the Constitutional Court. A case in point is Minister of Safety and Security v Morudu 2016 (1) SACR 68 (SCA), where the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) incorrectly rejected the decision of the High Court that the state was vicariously liable. This article argues that the SCA should have upheld the decision of the High Court on the basis of the factors that point to a close connection between the conduct of the policeman and his employment. The factors include that the actions of the policeman violated the rights of his victims and that the nature of his employment presented him with an opportunity to commit the crime. The failure of the SCA to consider these factors and uphold the decision of the High Court is therefore at odds with the Bill of Rights and contrary to the law of vicarious liability as developed by the Constitutional Court.
Revisiting Minorsâ€™ Reproductive Autonomy Rights under South African Law: The Rights and Wrongs of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act
Authors: Moyo Admark
Published: November 2018

This article examines the interface between childrenâ€™s autonomy, parental responsibility and state intervention in reproductive decisions of a particular type, namely the termination of pregnancy. Children asserting their autonomy in reproductive decision-making often confront counterclaims of legitimate intervention by parents or guardians responsible for caring for the child. Locating the right balance between competing interests is very important because uninformed decisions, with or without the support of parents, often carry heavy consequences for the education, health and life of the pregnant child. More specifically, this article seeks to investigate the extent to which South African law protects and empowers sexually active adolescents to make decisions concerning the termination of pregnancy. This involves an analysis of the degree to which relevant legislation appropriately reconciles childrenâ€™s reproductive autonomy rightsâ€“â€”particularly the right to terminate a pregnancy without parental consent or approvalâ€“â€”with parental responsibility and state intervention. Parental responsibility and state intervention embody childrenâ€™s right to and need for protection (from the immaturity that characterises youth) when decisions to terminate pregnancies are made. Accordingly, this article focuses on whether or not the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act strikes an appropriate balance between childrenâ€™s autonomy, parental responsibility and state intervention in reproductive decision-making.
Organisational Rights for Minority Trade Unions: A Reflection on Ngcobo Jâ€™s Judgment in Numsa and Others v Bader Bop (Pty) Ltd and Another (2003) 24 ILJ 305 (CC)
Authors: Budeli-Nemakonde Mpfari
Published: November 2018

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa contains a Bill of Rights which enshrines the rights of all the people in the country. These rights include trade unions and employers or employersâ€™ organisations rights. This chapter deals with organisational rights for minority trade unions with specific reference to the decision of the Constitutional Court in NUMSA and Others v Bader Bop (Pty) Ltd and another and more particularly the judgment delivered by Ngcobo J. It argues that by recognising organisational rights to a minority trade union like NUMSA, outside Part A of Chapter III of the Labour Relations Act which only grants them to majority or representative trade unions, the Bader Bop judgment brought about a â€˜revolutionâ€™ in the South African labour law jurisprudence. This judgment will remain one of the jewels of the South African jurisprudence and Ngcobo J, who delivered in this case one of his few separate judgments, played an important role during this revolution facilitated by a transformative and substantive interpretative approach that went beyond the Labour Relations Act to consider the Constitution and international law.
The Importance of Process and Substance
Authors: Marcus Gilbert , Du Plessis Max
Published: November 2018

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 endeavours to reverse the legacy of apartheid. In the process, the judgments of the Constitutional Court have restored and extended many of the fundamentals of fairness and due process that had been trampled on by the apartheid state. This article highlights the important role that Justice Ngcoboâ€™s judgments have played (and continue to play) in our developing jurisprudence on procedural fairness. As it will be demonstrated, the Constitutional Court has begun to work out a home-grown account of due process that not only marks a stark break with our apartheid past, but which also highlights the contextual challenges and features of our new democratic orderâ€”and stresses the sometimesâ€”difficult balancing exercise required by our courts in protecting rights while respecting separation of powers. This article, therefore, pays tribute to Justice Ngcoboâ€™s careful thinking around due process, and his insistence through various important judgments on recognising three cardinal features of fairness, which have now come to resonate in the Constitutional Courtâ€™s jurisprudence.
Narratives of past and present, freedom of expression and recognition â€“ Justice Ngcoboâ€™s judgment in Citizen 187 (Pty) Ltd v McBride
Authors: Du Plessis Meryl
Published: November 2018

This contribution examines the balance to be struck between freedom of expression on the one hand, and dignity on the other.Â  It does so through the lens of narratives of South Africaâ€™s past and present in Citizen 187 (Pty) Ltd v McBride and a consideration of how narratives shape our construction of reality.Â  It is argued that the newspaper narratives about Mr McBrideâ€™s planting and detonation of a bomb in 1986 contain various omissions and half-truths, which impacts adversely on the mediaâ€™s contribution to post-apartheid South Africa.Â  In particular, such media coverage mimimises Black personsâ€™ realities in the past and present, which is an infringement of their dignity.Â  However, the law of defamation, it is argued, is not suited optimally to address the shortcomings in macro narratives of South African history advanced by the media.Â  The use of the law of defamation for that purpose may have the effect of stifling, unduly, conversations that are integral to national reconciliation. Alternative mechanisms through which to hold newspapers accountable may include complaints addressed to the Press Council, consumer activism and the creation of a plurality of voices within media spaces, both in terms of media ownership and the promotion of ideological diversity.Â  Ngcobo CJâ€™s judgment is therefore preferred, as it protects the mediaâ€™s freedom of expression, while also emphasising the importance of the dignity of those who become media subjects.Â
Reflecting on Former Chief Justice Ngcoboâ€™s Approach to Gender Equality: Revisiting the Jordan and Volks Judgments
Authors: Dyani-Mhango Ntombizozuko
Published: November 2018

More than a decade ago, Ngcobo CJ upset gender scholars and activists in two judgments for failing consider the interface between social context and legal rules in relation to women as sex workers, in one instance, and those who are in unmarried permanent life partnerships, in another. These two judgments were the topics of much scholarly work. Further, there have been recent legal developments in relation to these two issues. This article examines these criticisms with a view to reflecting on Ngcobo CJâ€™s jurisprudence on gender equality in relation to Jordan and Volks. The aim is not to determine the validity or invalidity of these claims, but to highlight the issues raised in order to discuss Ngcobo CJâ€™s legacy in relation to these two judgments. The latest developments since the two cases will also be examined. The article emphasises the significant role of the Legislature and argues that the Legislature has a constitutional duty to protect the rights enshrined in the Bill of Rights: the time has arrived for it legislate on these issues.
Chief Justice Sandile Ngcoboâ€™s Separation of Powers Jurisprudence
Authors: Mhango Mtendeweka
Published: November 2018

This article examines Justice Ngcoboâ€™s profound contribution to the development of the foundational jurisprudence on separation of powers in South Africa. The article is premised on the fact that Ngcobo can be better understood in the context of his contribution to the foundational jurisprudence. In this way, we will better comprehend how Ngcoboâ€™s jurisprudence fits into our contemporary understanding of the Constitution. The key question this article seeks to investigate is to what extent has Ngcoboâ€™s jurisprudence on separation of powers has impacted or shaped South African constitutional law. The article specifically investigates whether, in his contribution to the constitutional jurisprudence on separation of powers, Ngcobo developed a political question doctrine theory for South Africa. I find that he did, and that while Justice Ngcoboâ€™s political question jurisprudence was not clearly articulated or endorsed by the majority of the Justices while he was on the bench, the Constitutional Court has recently unanimously endorsed some of his political question doctrine theories and arguments thereby crystallising the political question theory in South Africa. The article examines Ngcoboâ€™s contribution through the lens of the judgments that he penned as well as his academic commentaries
Brexit, the Election of Donald Trump and Activism in South Africa, Lessons for Democracy: The Contribution of Justice Sandile Ngcobo
Authors: Motala Ziyad
Published: November 2018

Ngcobo Jâ€™s conception of democracy is more in keeping with the ancient understanding, found in the Athenian city-state, traditional African societies and in the writings of Karl Marx. The traditional conception, affirmed by Rousseau, requires the direct participation of the population in the decision-making processes that affect their lives. The Athenian notion of the participation of the population in a town hall meeting is not practical in a large nation state. Ngcobo J developed a hybrid model that combines elected representatives and participatory democracy. Under this model, the lawmaker is required to provide for meaningful modes of participation by bringing the opportunity for participation to the people through provincial participation. In the annals of comparative constitutional law, Ngcobo Jâ€™s opinion is an outlier, which represents a unique and fresh perspective of democracy much like the Constitutional Courtâ€™s development of socio-economic rights and the use of the reasonableness standard to determine the legality of government conduct. Ngcobo J does not equate political equality with equality of opportunity. Apart from requiring the government to provide for citizen participation in the polity, he imposes a further duty on the government to take affirmative steps like educational programs road shows, workshops, media programs and publications to make citizen participation a reality for the historically disadvantaged and those with unequal education. His perspective offers a cogent instruction to the rest of the world, in this period where democracy is under serious strain.
Justice Sandile Ngcobo and the Judicial Reinforcement of Intergovernmental Relations in South Africa
Authors: Mpya Maropeng , Ntlama Nomthandazo
Published: November 2018

The importance of co-operative governance is strengthened by the authority vested in the judiciaryâ€”to ensure the judicial review of any conduct, rule or law that runs contrary to the prescripts of the envisaged collaborative relations. Of particular significance is the establishment of the Constitutional Court, where retired Chief Justice Ngcobo distinguished himself as an independent thinker, within the limitations of judicial authority, in advancing the principles of co-operative governance. His rich intellect demonstrates an alternative way of arriving at the constitutionalised South African jurisprudence that has spanned twenty-two years of democracy in regulating public authority. This article reviews and provides an account of Justice Ngcoboâ€™s selected case law in the judicial enforcement of the principles of co-operative governance. The objective is to give impetus to the advancement of an unwavering commitment and a well thought-out, futuristic and progressive outlook on the evolution of South African jurisprudence. These were motivated by a zeal to establish his deep-rooted philosophy that informed his thoughts in judicial reasoning. The motivation raises a question that is intended to help determine whether his contribution has shifted the culture of dictatorship of the pre-democratic dispensation to the affirmation of the principles of constitutional supremacy in a way that befits the general populace affected by the different spheres of government.
Legal Pluralism, Customary Law and Womenâ€™s Rights
Authors: Ndulo Muna B
Published: November 2018

This article examines the challenges legal pluralism poses in legal systems, especially in relation to conflicts between customary norms and the Bill of Rights and the need to contextualise customary law in order to resolve the need to adapt it to changing societal needs and values. The article focuses on African customary law, African legal systems and womenâ€™s rights because it is a burning issue in Africa and was the subject-matter in several of the cases that came before the South African Constitutional Court during the time Justice Ngcobo was on the Court. Cases involving conflicts between customary law and gender rights are not unique to South Africa. These are issues that have engaged African courts and those elsewhere in the world. In Africa, the coexistence of customary law and received law is as old as colonial rule. Like all other systems of law, customary law has been influenced by various other forces in an ever-changing world. The article focuses on customary law and womenâ€™s rights. Justice Ngcoboâ€™s approach to resolving conflicts between customary law and the Bill of Rights in constitutions is instructive and makes a significant contribution to the jurisprudence in this area of the law. In his opinions on customary law, especially in the Bhe case, he implores us to look at the social context in which customary rules originated and, before discarding them, to examine the possibility of developing them to meet the changing needs and circumstances of society.
The Religious Question and The South African Constitutional Court: Justice Ngcobo in Prince and De Lange
Authors: Nwauche Enyinna
Published: November 2018

Justice Ngcobo, an active member of the Constitutional Court early in the post-apartheid years, engaged with the merits of religious freedom and considered the determinations of the faithful and religious organisations as part of appropriate adjudicatory factors. Roughly two decades after the end of Apartheid in Ecclesia De Lange v Presiding Bishop of the Methodist Church for the Time Being and Another there is strong suggestion discernible from De Lange that this position could be abandoned. If this trend is embraced, it would regard the determinations of the faithful and religious institutions as final and dispositive. Consequently, features of religious belief and practice would be immunised from constitutional scrutiny. What makes this trend worthy of evaluation are the decision of the Supreme Court of Appeal leading up to De Lange; the force of the trend evident in De Lange; the persistence and subtle recognition of the religious question in South Africaâ€™s lower courts in the post-apartheid era despite the position of the Constitutional Court in the post-Apartheid years to fully engage with petitions about the right to religious freedom. This article draws attention to the challenges of the resurgence of the religious question in South African law by engaging in a review of the opinion of Justice Ngcobo in Prince v President of the Law Society of the Cape of Good Hope and Others as well as similar cases where the religious question has arisen, including De Lange.
Adjudicating the Right to Participate in the Law-Making Process: A Tribute to Retired Chief Justice Ngcobo
Authors: Brundige Elizabeth
Published: November 2018

This is a personal tribute to the retired Chief Justice Ngcobo with a focus on two of his judgments dealing with the right to participate in the lawmaking process. It is written from a perspective of a former clerk reflecting on the deliberations Justice Ngcobo held with his clerks.
Socio-Economic Status Gradient in Health: Micro Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Düzgün Öncel Burcu
Published: November 2018

Numerous studies have shown a strong relationship between health and socio-economic status (SES). However determining which aspect of SES affects health and how much more rapidly health declines for some individuals than others over life cycle are keys to policy debate. In this respect, by using TURKSTAT’s 2010 Survey of Income and Living Conditions (SILC), the contribution of this study to the literature is depicting SES gradient in health over life course by using different aspects of SES for Turkey. Results show that the bottom of SES hierarchy are in much worse health than those at the top and average health among men is better than women. The health gradient exists in all indicators of SES. We observe relatively wide SES gradient in health in middleages and narrowing of it in old ages implying some mixture of cumulative advantagehypothesis and age-as-leveler hypothesis operates through life cycle.
Elucidating CO2 Chemisorption in Diamine-Appended Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Forse Alexander C. , Milner Phillip J. , Lee Jung-Hoon , Redfearn Halle N. , Oktawiec Julia , Siegelman Rebecca L. , Martell Jeffrey D. , Dinakar Bhavish , Porter-Zasada Leo B. , Gonzalez Miguel I. , Neaton Jeffrey B. , Long Jeffrey R. , Reimer Jeffrey A.
Published: November 2018

The widespread deployment of carbon capture and sequestration as a climate change mitigation strategy could be facilitated by the development of more energy-efficient adsorbents. Diamine-appended metal–organic frameworks of the type diamine–M2(dobpdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn; dobpdc4− = 4,4′-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylate) have shown promise for carbon capture applications, although questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms of CO2 uptake in these materials. Here, we leverage the crystallinity and tunability of this class of frameworks to perform a comprehensive study of CO2 chemisorption. Using multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments and van der Waals-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations for thirteen diamine–M2(dobpdc) variants, we demonstrate that the canonical CO2 chemisorption products—ammonium carbamate chains and carbamic acid pairs—can be readily distinguished, and that ammonium carbamate chain formation dominates for diamine–Mg2(dobpdc) materials. In addition, we elucidate a new chemisorption mechanism in the material dmpn Mg2(dobpdc) (dmpn = 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane), which involves formation of a 1:1 mixture of ammonium carbamate and carbamic acid and accounts for the unusual adsorption properties of this material. Finally, we show that the presence of water plays an important role in directing the mechanisms for CO2 uptake in diamine–M2(dobpdc) materials. Overall, our combined NMR and DFT approach enables a thorough depiction and understanding of CO2 adsorption within diamine–M2(dobpdc) compounds, which may aid similar studies in other amine-functionalized adsorbents in the future.
Mesoscale Electrostatics Driving Particle Dynamics in Non-Homogeneous Dielectrics
Authors: Bore Sigbjørn Løland , Bindu Kolli Hima , Kawakatsu Toshihiro , Milano Giuseppe , Cascella Michele
Published: November 2018

We introduce a density functional-based formalism to compute the electrostatic energy and forces for a mesoscopic system in the condensed phase, described with molecular resolution. The dielectric permittivity is variable in space, and it is dependent on the density fields of the individual particles present in the system. The electrostatic potential is obtained from standard numerical solutions of the generalized Poisson equation. The presence of a particle-dependent varying dielectrics produces the appearance of mesoscopic polarization forces, which are dependent on the local fluctuations of the permittivity, as well as of the electrostatic field. The proposed implementation is numerically robust, with an error on the Coulomb forces that can be systematically controlled by the mesh of spatial grid used for solving the generalized Poisson equation. We show that the method presented here is able to reproduce the concentration-dependent partitioning of an ideal salt in water/oil mixtures, in particular, reproducing the ∝ 1/epsilon dependency of the partition coefficient for the free ions predicted by Born theory. Moreover, this approach reproduces the correct electrostatic features of both dipolar and charged lipid bilayers, with positive membrane and dipole potentials. The sum of both Coulomb and polarization interactions inside the membrane yields a globally repulsive potential of mean force for the ions, independently on their charge. The computational efficiency of the method makes it particularly suitable for the description of large scale polyelectrolyte soft-matter systems.
Perception of Chemical Bonds via Machine Learning
Authors: Loschen Christoph
Published: November 2018

An approach based on machine-learning is presented that is able to identify chemical bond types such as single, double, triple and aromatic bonds based on spatial atomic coordinates only, as provided for example from quantum chemical calculations or from crystallographic data. The basic idea behind this work is to exploit the various chemical knowledge already assembled in molecular data files in form of connection tables and bond blocks. Rules for novel chemistry or particular functional groups can be learned automatically by training on structure data (.sd/.sdf) files with the respective bond information. Provided that the underlying database is sufficiently large and diverse, the approach is able to identify chemical bond orders in molecules with an accuracy comparable to classical bond-perception tools using hard-coded rules and cheminformatic algorithms. The workflow is implemented in Python using the open source packages RDKit, scikit-learn and pandas (https://github.com/CHLoschen/mamba).
Estruturação de conteúdo e práticas educativas
Authors: Chaves Gabriel Lyra , Daniela Garrossini Fávaro
Published: November 2018

Marshall McLuhan analisa a transição entre uma era ‘letrada’ e uma era ‘eletrônica’. Este processo tem claras influências no campo da educação, principalmente após o surgimento dos mass media e da internet. O presente artigo busca observar este período de transição, e suas relações com o ferramental teórico de compreensão da realidade, a partir da separação entre pensamento discursivo e pensamento narrativo. Para tanto, dialoga com o campo da comunicação educativa, levantando a questão da divisão entre ensino formal e escola paralela, e analisando esta separação a partir do tratamento da informação nos dois campos.
Discussão bioética sobre reprodução humana assistida no Brasil: revisão sistemática da literatura.
Authors: Pedroso Bruno , Vargas Thaiane , Lupepsa Ana Caroline , Didek Daiane , Nascimento Nubia
Published: November 2018

No Brasil as discussões sobre as técnicas de reprodução humana assistida iniciaram em 1984. Após décadas com projetos de lei tramitando no Congresso Nacional ainda é necessário regulamentar as técnicas de reprodução humana assistida (TRHA), visto que é importante definir possibilidades de tratamentos e modalidades de aplicação, bem como assegurar o bem-estar de todas as pessoas envolvidas no processo, impondo limites quanto ao avanço científico. O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão sistemática com o objetivo de mostrar uma visão interdisciplinar sobre a reprodução humana assistida no Brasil. Constatou-se a escassez de estudos publicados em nível nacional que discutem questões bioéticas envolvendo as TRHA no Brasil; entretanto, os estudos encontrados confirmam a necessidade de legislação e normatização das TRHA.
O “Déficit Filosófico do Direito de Autor” E os Privilégios Monopolistas dos Sistemas de Copyright e de Droit D’Auteur
Authors: Drummond Victor Gameiro
Published: November 2018

Os sistemas de direito de autor surgidos na Inglaterra e na França são herdeiros históricos das concessões monárquicas atribuídas a editores, que, naquela época, eram também livreiros e/ou tipógrafos. O sistema (ou a prática de atribuição) de monopólios não se sustentaria após o reconhecimento de que deveria ser aplicada (aos autores e/ou aos editores) uma universalização da exclusividade na edição e impressão. O presente texto tem como objetivo descrever o desenvolvimento das atribuições de privilégios de impressão, extraindo destas descrições uma apreciação crítica quanto ao efeito histórico de tais elementos no ambiente do direito de autor que se encontrava, então, ainda em fase embrionária. Salienta-se, por fim, a compreensão de que o desenvolvimento dos privilégios não conduziu a uma justificativa filosófica do direito de autor desde o seu surgimento, mas por outro lado, à uma tergiversação que indica uma disfarçada justificativa filosófica por interesses evidentemente econômicos, conduzindo ao que denomino “déficit filosófico do direito de autor”.
Verdade, Novo Código de Processo Civil e a Regra da Carga Probatória Dinâmica
Authors: De Carvalho Francisco Bertino Bezerra
Published: November 2018

O trabalho introduz a questão da verdade como humana experimentada na intersubjetividade e a insere nos desafios da comunicação, retornando ao tema à luz da introdução da distribuição dinâmica da carga probatória no projeto do NCPC. Apresenta o direito como fenômeno cultural e sua relação com a verdade em dois planos, o da verificação da ocorrência dos fatos jurídicos e o da incidência das normas nos casos concretos. Inclui o processo como instrumento do direito para construção, no plano real, de seu projeto de regulação da conduta. A partir destas premissas, examinam-se a tangibilidade da verdade, as formas de sua compreensão pelo homem, assim como a atualidade e a importância da questão da verdade nas sociedades, ainda que para a manutenção do compromisso com a verdade possível. Visita-se a relação da verdade com a linguagem, com o direito e com o processo para se concluir que o processo é a busca da verdade pelo direito para entrega, à sociedade, da verdade do direito e que a produção jurisdicional do direito desafia tripla legitimação, pela fundamentação, pelo procedimento e pelo diálogo comunicativo de Habermas, aplicado no âmbito processual. Identificada a recepção pelo NCPC da teoria das cargas probatórias dinâmicas como a modificação com maior pertinência com a questão da busca da verdade fática no processo civil, a analisa pela perspectiva proposta.
Editorial
Authors: Review Conpedi Law
Published: November 2018

Durante los días 7 a 9 de septiembre de 2015, celebramos en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, el III Encontro de Internacionalização do CONPEDI, en Madrid (España), sobre el tema “Participación, Democracia y Ciudadania

en la Perspectiva del Derecho Iberoamericano”.

La celebración del Encuentro de Madrid, se gestó durante el I Encuentro Internacional en la Universidad de Barcelona, coordinado por el Prof. Dr. Jordi García Viña, Catedrático de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social de la UB.

Para la preparación del evento se nombraron dos coordinadores, por parte española, el Prof. Dr. Jose Luis Tortuero Plaza, Catedrático de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social de la UCM, y por parte brasileña, la Profa. Dra. Clerilei A. Bier, del Departamento Administração Empresarial - Esag/Udesc.
A Democracia Global Decorrente da Transnacionalização do Estado Moderno: A (Im)possibilidade da Criação de Sistemas Democráticos Internacionais Segundo Robert Dahl, David Held e Anne Peters
Authors: Azevedo Neto Alvaro de Oliveira , Vandresen Thaís
Published: November 2018

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a possibilidade de institutos da democracia presentes no sistema doméstico e a sua potencial transição para a arena internacional. A ideia da democracia internacional é avaliada como potencial solução formal para a resolução do problema do déficit de participação da pessoa humana na esfera internacional. Nesse sentido, utiliza-se o método comparativo e três teorias representadas por DAHL, HELD e PETERS são propostas e analisadas em conjunto antes de se propor a sua composição final. Para tanto, inicia-se o trabalho com a descrição do Estado moderno e a sua transnacionalização, ficando a ideia de democracia adjacente a esta estrutura, acompanhando-a em sua trajetória evolutiva. Em seguida, passa-se a analise da potencial transnacionalização dos sistemas democráticos com o resultado de que apesar de possível e desejável o sistema ainda precisa evoluir para que isto seja empiricamente exequível.
A Mediação Transformativa como Instrumento de Empoderamento das Mulheres na Agenda Ambiental de Desenvolvimento Sustentável: Ensaio sobre a Pacificação de Conflitos Intergeracionais
Authors: Yaghsisian Adriana Machado , Freitas Gilberto Passos de
Published: November 2018

O enfrentamento da mudança do clima e de outros desafios hodiernos demandam a adoção de soluções pacificadoras para resolução de conflitos socioambientais na perspectiva do desenvolvimento sustentável intergeracional. Essa arquitetura aponta para a participação plena das mulheres, como condutoras de processos marcados pela transformação de comportamentos socioambientais, que encontra espaço fértil na mediação transformativa, enxergada como prática que implica a revalorização e o reconhecimento mútuo dos envolvidos. Nesse contexto, o trabalho abordará noções importantes acerca da mediação e do empoderamento das mulheres sob o viés da relação entre gênero, meio ambiente e desenvolvimento sustentável, como estratégia para a pacificação de conflitos intergeracionais e de incremento da participação e engajamento das mulheres nos processos de paz dos conflitos socioambientais, em sintonia com os objetivos preconizados pela ONU Mulheres, criada em 2010, e a Agenda 21.
A Relação entre Direito Interno e Direito Internacional: Os Impactos no Cotidiano Jurídico Brasileiro sob a Perspectiva da Ampliação do Bloco de Constitucionalidade
Authors: Vieira Luciane Klein , Vedovato Luís Renato
Published: November 2018

A relação entre direito interno e direito internacional, efetivada por decisões judiciais, é um tema recorrente tanto do direito internacional dos direitos humanos quanto do direito constitucional. O presente artigo tem como finalidade retratar as interações entre o direito interno e o direito internacional, com ênfase no caso brasileiro, levando em consideração as normas internas e a prática judicial. Para tanto, será utilizado o método dogmático, que envolve a análise das normas relativas ao tema no cenário internacional e interno, com perspectiva empírica, tendo em vista a análise de casos em que a questão foi levantada. Neste tocante, será dada especial ênfase à temática do bloco de constitucionalidade e à sua ampliação derivada da inclusão dos tratados de direitos humanos ratificados pelo Brasil.
Educação Ambiental e Papel da Universidade na Visão da União Europeia e Brasileira: Abordagem Analítica de Comunicados da Comissão sobre o Programa Comunitário de Ação Para o Meio Ambiente
Authors: Bizawu Kiwonghi , Custódio Maraluce Maria
Published: November 2018

Este artigo objetiva analisar o contexto de um novo programa comunitário europeu de ação ambiental e o papel da universidade na visão da União Europeia no tocante à educação ambiental confrontando-a à Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental Brasileira. Destacando a adequação dos Países Europeus, em especial a Espanha aos regulamentos e diretivas da União relativas ao meio ambiente cuja proteção, conservação e preservação se tornam um dever de todos para assegurar o desenvolvimento sustentável para as gerações presentes e futuras. A imperatividade desta preocupação se torna um verdadeiro desafio, pois a proteção do meio ambiente abre o ser humano a um mundo de desafios e de oportunidades, tendo as aspirações mais profundas e nobres de viver em um ambiente sadio e equilibrado, ou seja, o ambiente em que prevalece a qualidade de vida. Para esse fim, adotar-se-á o método dedutivo abarcado na pesquisa bibliográfica e descritiva, considerando a situação problema sobre o papel da universidade em uma Europa do conhecimento na era da educação ambiental.
Paradiplomacia Ambiental: La Cooperación Descentralizada Hispano-Brasileña
Authors: Rei Fernando , Farias Valeria Cristina
Published: November 2018

Durante la primera década del siglo XXI, las actividades internacionales medioambientales de los gobiernos subnacionales han suscitado más y más el interés de representantes políticos y académicos, suponiendo uno de los temas de creciente investigación de la nueva gobernanza medioambiental global. Es que la necesidad de acciones prácticas para afrontar los problemas medioambientales globales, ha hecho posible y dado legitimidad a la progresiva aparición de nuevas formas de autoridad. Este artículo analiza el papel de los gobiernos de las Comunidades Autónomas (CCAA) españolas y de estados brasileños en la gobernanza medioambiental global, particularmente en el régimen internacional de los cambios climáticos en el seno la Red de Gobiernos Regionales por el Desarrollo Sostenible (nrg4Sd).
A Autonomia Decisória na Defesa pelo Direito de Morrer com Dignidade
Authors: Freitas Riva Sobrado de , Zilio Daniela
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo objetiva averiguar a possibilidade de que o paciente terminal, munido de autonomia decisória, possa reivindicar o direito de morrer de forma digna. Para alcançar-se o intento, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica exploratório-explicativa, qualitativa, utilizando-se o método dedutivo. Conclui-se que, ainda que seja polêmica a questão, a autonomia decisória merece ser levada em consideração, inclusive na efetivação do direito de morrer dignamente, já que busca resguardar o ser humano nos aspectos mais íntimos de sua vida e, até porque, optar pela morte digna não significa abrir mão do direito à vida.
Reparação de Danos Causados por Contaminação de Organoclorados: O Caso Rhodia Cubatão-SP
Authors: Souza José Fernando Vidal de
Published: November 2018

O artigo trata da produção de organoclorados pela fábrica da Rhodia S.A., localizada em Cubatão-SP, responsável pela contaminação do solo, das águas superficiais e subterrâneas da região. Desta forma, empregando os métodos dedutivo e sistêmico para detalhamentos dos fatos e fenômenos, após um histórico da mencionada unidade fabril, discute-se o conceito de organoclorados, analisa-se a reparação do dano causado por resíduos industriais, com as teorias de maior importância para a delimitação do dano e do risco e, por fim,  apresentam-se as possibilidades, sob olhar crítico, de remediação da área e superação do modelo atual de sociedade industrial de risco.
O Teste da Proporcionalidade na Jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana De Direitos Humanos: Uma Reconstrução de um Modelo Integrado de Controle e Deferência
Authors: Paredes Felipe
Published: November 2018

A pesquisa analisa o desenvolvimento de uma compreensão mais sistemática de como a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) tem entendido o teste da proporcionalidade (TP). Uma vez que em Direito Comparado existem diferentes versões do TP, é necessário determinar qual é o modelo que a CIDH tem em mente para controlar a violação da Convenção Americana sobre Direitos Humanos. A hipótese que se coloca é que a CIDH, na maioria das vezes, não é nada deferente aos Estados Partes. Entanto, é impossível para que o sistema funcione sem que aqueles não têm algum nível de discricionariedade na interpretação e aplicação da Convenção. Isto significa que, embora tradicionalmente a CIDH tenha expressamente indicado de outra forma, é preciso incorporar a deferência como critério interpretativo na aplicação do exame de convencionalidade. Isto quer dizer que o TP deve ser aplicado com um critério variável em algumas áreas.
O Direito Fundamental de Igualdade, a Ideologia da Defesa Social e a Seletividade do Sistema Penal Brasileiro
Authors: Naspolini Samyra H. D. F. , Castro Matheus Felipe de
Published: November 2018

A Constituição brasileira em seu art. 5º apresenta extenso rol de normas destinadas a assegurar os direitos individuais e coletivos, e em especial, para fins deste estudo, a igualdade de todos perante a lei. O problema enfrentado pela presente pesquisa é: o Sistema Penal trata realmente a todos com igualdade, conforme Direito Fundamental previsto na Constituição? Os autores concluem que o Sistema Penal, delimitando sua clientela e estigmatizando, dentre toda a população, quais os indivíduos que serão perseguidos e capturados para fazerem parte da população criminosa, viola abertamente o Direito Fundamental de tratamento igual perante a lei.
Limitações ao Princípio da Capacidade Contributiva: Mínimo Existencial e Confisco
Authors: Oliveira Alexandre Machado de , Borges Antônio de Moura
Published: November 2018

O artigo tem como objeto de estudo os limites do princípio da capacidade contributiva. A metodologia adotada abrange revisão bibliográfica da doutrina constitucional e tributária acerca dos princípios da igualdade, capacidade contributiva, mínimo existencial e do não-confisco e a análise da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal. O artigo compreende três tópicos, que envolvem uma abordagem da evolução histórica do princípio da capacidade contributiva; a sua conjugação com o princípio da igualdade e um estudo de suas limitações, mínimo existencial e confisco, abordando ainda os seus conceitos e os desafios de delimitação, efetivação e controle jurisdicional.
Trayendo el Neo-Institucionalismo al Primer Plano: Una Oportunidad para una Mayor Relación Entre la Ciencia Politica y el Derecho
Authors: Busquets José Miguel , Carneiro Fabricio
Published: November 2018

El artículo analiza un conjunto no exhaustivo de teorías políticas de alcance medio en varios campos del conocimiento de la ciencia política y su conexión con la disciplina del derecho. El objetivo es argumentar como el reciente giro neo-institucionalista en la ciencia política es una excelente oportunidad para una mayor relación entre ambas disciplinas.
Emenda Constitucional e Constitucionalismo Político: A Potencial Moderação das Críticas ao Controle Judicial de Constitucionalidade
Authors: Lima Jairo Néia , Beçak Rubens
Published: November 2018

A partir das críticas ao controle de constitucionalidade feitas pelo constitucionalismo político de Richard Bellamy e Jeremy Waldron, demonstra-se que eles não excluem absolutamente as cortes constitucionais, mas aceitam mecanismos de respostas legislativas, nas quais não se incluiriam as emendas constitucionais. Conclui-se que o alto número de emendas constitucionais no Brasil não mitiga as críticas ao controle de constitucionalidade, pois a estrutura analítica da Constituição Federal impõe mudanças constantes, que não alteram necessariamente a substância do Estado brasileiro. Ademais, a possibilidade de controle de constitucionalidade sobre emenda constitucional demonstra que o julgamento da corte pode se sobrepor à resposta legislativa.