bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
dePression, ANxiety, and acaDEMImiC performance in COVID- 19: The PANDEMIC study: A cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Barbosa-Camacho Francisco José , Romero-Limón Olaya Moramay , Ibarrola-Peña Juan Carlos , Almanza-Mena Yolanda Lorelei , Pintor-Belmontes Kevin Josue , Sánchez-López Veronica Alexandra , Chejfec-Ciociano Jonathan Matias , Guzmán-Ramírez Bertha Georgina , Fuentes-Orozco Clotilde , Cortés-Flores Ana Olivia , Miranda-Ackerman Roberto Carlos , Cervantes-Cardona Guillermo Alonso , Cervantes-Guevara Gabino , González-Ojeda Alejandro
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAfter almost nine months of social isolation, the high incidence of depression and anxiety is understandable. However, depression and anxiety can adversely affect the quality of life. One of the biggest challenges in this global pandemic is providing education within public and private academic institutes.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional survey distributed online from April to June 2020. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression screening scale and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 screening scale to identify the presence of mental health disorders such as depression or anxiety in undergraduate and graduate students. We used the Academic Self-Concept Scale to determine whether these disorders altered students' perception of their academic performance.ResultsA total of 610 students answered the survey: 386 female (63.3%) and 224 male (36.7%). Most students (71.5%) had not participated in online courses before. When asked about their class preferences, 581 students (95.2%) preferred to be taught in classes. The average Academic Self-Concept Scale score was 2.76 ± 0.35. The Academic Self-Concept Scale scores were divided into Confidence and Effort categories, and their respective mean scores were 2.71 ± 0.37 and 2.82 ± 0.45. The total mean Patient Health Questionnarie-9 scores were 11.94 ± 6.90, and the mean General Anxiety Disorder-7 score was 10.30 ± 5.66. There were significant effects of the severity of depression and anxiety on the Academic Self-Concept Scale scores (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that changing from classroom-based teaching to online delivery is not a challenge for students in the normal situation. However, being quarantined can be stressful and frustrating, which may challenge effective learning.Trial registrationThe study protocol was submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov and registered with the identifier: NCT04420416.
Species Sensitivity Distribution of Dichlorvos in Surface Water Species
Authors: Bustos Nahuel Jano , Iriel Analia , Cirelli Alicia Fernández , Cedergreen Nina
Published: April 2021

During the last years, dichlorvos has had an extremely high occurrence in monitoring campaigns, showing concentrations that would result in severe environmental impact. Environmental quality concentrations (EQC) for dichlorvos in surface waters vary by more than two orders of magnitude among different regulations. Regulatory EQC-values are based on toxicity data where species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) are mostly used as a basis. Hence, what makes the difference between the different national and regional EQC-values? And will they all protect the aquatic fauna? To investigate these questions, we constructed an SSD based on our laboratory data and compared this with SSDs based on literature data for technical and formulated products and species of different taxa. Finally, we compared the SSD-derived EQCs with a meta-study on monitored environmental concentrations to determined the EQC-exceedance. The following hypotheses were tested: (i) formulated dichlorvos will result in lower EQCs, as formulated products may include synergists; (ii) different taxon will have different sensitivities with arthropods being the most sensitive group; (iii) environmental concentration of dichlorvos represents a risk for aquatic organisms. As a result, experimental SSD defined a protective concentration of 6.5 ng L-1 for 5% of the species, which is in line with the European limit values, but one to two-fold lower than the limit values of the USA, China, and Argentina. The EQCs of three of the four regions included in this study are therefore not enough to protect the aquatic fauna.
The Effects of Additional Two Bendings on Manufacturing Thin-walled Tube made of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Fabricated by New Compound Extrusion
Authors: Li lin xing , Hu HongJun , Hu Gang , Zhang Ou
Published: April 2021

To explore the effects of process parameters on evolution of extrusion forces and temperatures and strains and microstructures for composite extrusion of magnesium alloy tube which includes initial direct extrusion and some steps bending processes subsequently,which is shorten for “TEB” in this paper.The TEB process has been researched by using finite element modeling (FEM) method. The rules of extrusion temperatures and the extrusion forces varying with process parameters have been developed. A TEB process with installed container and die has been constructed to perform tests in order to validate the FEM model with different process conditions. And the microstructures evolution have been researched based on effective strains development. The results showed that refined and uniform microstructures can be achieved by TEB process. The research results showed that the process would produce the serve plastic deformation and improve the recrystallization of the grains.The comparison of FEM simulation and experimental results have been made to obtain the relative important principles of TEB process.
Modified CO2 Laser-assisted Deep Sclerectomy Compared With Conventional Tabeculectomy in Chinese Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Zhang Yang , Mao Jin , Zhou Qi , Li Lüe , Zhang Shunhua , Bian Ailing , Cheng Gangwei
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified CO2 laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery (MCLASS) compared with conventional trabeculectomy (TRAB) in medically uncontrolled Chinese primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.Methods: A total of 87 patients were reviewed, including 45 in the MCLASS group and 42 in the TRAB group. Intraocular pressure (IOP), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and use of supplemental medical therapy were retrospectively compared at baseline and until 24 months postoperatively.Results: Patients in both groups achieved a significant IOP decrease from baseline (P < 0.001), and postoperative IOP in the MCLASS group was significantly lower than that of the TRAB group at 12 and 24 months. The reduction of medication was statistically significant in both groups, and the number of postoperative medications was significantly higher in the TRAB group at 12 and 24 months. At 12 and 24 months, the complete success rates were 60% and 53.3%, respectively, for MCLASS versus 66.7% and 59.5%, respectively, for TRAB; the qualified success rates were 91.1% and 88.9%, respectively, for MCLASS versus 83.3% and 80.9%, respectively, for TRAB. BCVA deterioration post-TRAB was clinically more serious than that of post-MCLASS at 12 and 24 months, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at any time point postoperatively. Compared with MCLASS, more complications occurred postoperatively in the TRAB group. Conclusion: MCLASS is an effective surgical option for Chinese POAG patients, showing success rate results comparable with TRAB while having greater IOP reduction, fewer medications and a lower risk of complications compared to TRAB up to 24 months.
Identifying Factors Associated with the Level of Child Malnutrition in India: Observations from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey
Authors: Khan Nizamuddin , Acharya Rajib , Agrawal Praween Kumar , Porwal Akash , Ashraf Sana , Johnston Robert , Sarna Avina , Ramesh Sowmya
Published: April 2021

Background: Malnutrition is a complex phenomenon that has become a universal problem inhibiting human development. India is home of disproportionate height and weight of children including anemia are sign of malnutrition. This study aimed to examine child malnutrition by considering three parameters—stunting (short), underweight (thin), and/or anaemia—among children aged 1–9 years. Methods: This study used nationally representative data from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS). The analytic sample was restricted to 25,885 children aged 1–9 years for whom data on height, weight, and haemoglobin level was available. This analytic sample was not significantly different from the total sample of 69,413. Based on World Health Organisation’s (WHO) cut-off for child growth standards, child malnutrition is defined as ‘severe’ if a child has suffered all 3 parameters—stunting, underweight, and anaemia, ‘mild/moderate’ if a child has suffered 1 or 2 parameters and ‘none’ if a child has not suffered from any of the 3 parameters. Univariate and bivariate analysis were used for descriptive associations and marginal effects probabilities were calculated using the ordinal logit regression model to identify the correlates of severe malnutrition. Results: Nine percent of children aged 1-9 years were severely malnourished in the country. The prevalence of malnutrition declined considerably with increasing age of children—13% in children aged 1–4 years to 6% in children aged 5–9 years. Severe malnutrition was significantly higher among higher birth order children, children born to illiterate mothers, children belonging to Scheduled Tribes and poor families, children living in rural areas and the eastern region of the country. Zinc deficiency was found more (22%, 95% CI:18.2–26.0) among severely malnourished children as compared to normal children (16%, 95% CI:13.9–17.3). Conclusions: Malnutrition is widely prevalent in children belonging to illiterate mothers, Scheduled Tribes, poor families, rural areas, and eastern region of the country. Frontline workers should identify such vulnerable children through regular monitoring of height, weight, and haemoglobin testing in their coverage areas.
Healthcare-associated Invasive Klebsiella Pneumoniae Infections in Chinese Pediatric Patients: Risk Factors, Outcomes and Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Zeng Mei , Qiu Yue , Lin Daojiong , Xu Yi , Cheng Yibing , Wang Fang , Zhu Qingxiong , Zhu Chunhui , Wan Chaomin , Zhu Yu , Tong Jianning , Chen Minxia , Li Rui , Zhou Qionghua , Shan Qingwen , Zhou Zhiqiang , Wang Caihong , Song Wen , Zhao Shiyong
Published: April 2021

Background:High prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has become a serious clinical concern in China. This study first described the risk factors, outcomes and antimicrobial resistance pattern of healthcare-associated KP infections in Chinese pediatric patients.Methods:This retrospective study was conducted in the nine tertiary hospitals during 2016-2018. The 324 pediatric inpatients who had KP isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid and had complete medical records reviewed were included. We analyzed the risk factors, outcomes and antimicrobial resistance pattern of KP-infected patients based on comparison between healthcare-associated KP infections (HAI) and community-acquired infections.Result:Of the 324 enrolled patients, 275 (84.9%) were clinically defined as HAI, including 175 (63.6%) neonates and 100 (36.4%) aged >28 days. The overall prevalence of CRKP was 35.8% (40.4% in HAI verse 10.2% in CAI, P <0.05). Prematurity (odds ratio (OR):37.07, 95% CI:8.29-165.84), hematologic malignancies (OR:15.52, 95% CI:1.89-127.14) and invasive mechanical ventilation (OR:13.09, 95% CI: 1.66-103.56) were independent risk factors for HAI. Patients from rural area (OR: 1.78, 95% CI:1.06-2.99), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR:1.79, 95% CI: 1.01-3.19), antibiotic therapy prior to admission (OR: 1.88, 95% CI:1.07-3.29) and prior hospital stay in the past 30 days (OR: 2.17, 95% CI:1.26-3.73) were associated with healthcare-associated CRKP infections. Organ dysfunction was independently correlated with poor outcomes (OR:2.92, 95% CI: 1.23-6.95)Conclusions:Pediatric invasive KP infections and high prevalence of CRKP infections largely occurred in health-care settings in China. The adequate and intensified infection control measures should be focused on high-risk hematologic patients, neonatal patients and intubated patients.
Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety After Replacement of Methyl Hydrogen With Deuterium at 7-position Methyl Formate of Clopidogrel
Authors: Xu Zhiping , Miao Yujia , Wu Tianlong , Chen Liang , Gao Mingyue , Sun Yantong , Liu Yingze , Niu Jinjin , Cai Deqi , Li Xiaohua , Chen Chen , Liu Shengyang , Gu Jingkai , Cao Xia
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeAs a first-line clinical drug, thienopyridines still have many unsatisfactory aspects, such as the low bioavailability of clopidogrel and the high bleeding risk of prasugrel. Our team synthesized deuterium clopidogrel(the patent has been obtained in China) to alleviate the deficiency of CLP in clinical application, such as a slow onset, greater influence of gene polymorphism and drug-drug interaction. Experimental ApproachMolecular docking technology was used to analyze the affinity between deuterium clopidogrel and P2Y12 receptor; The levels of active metabolites of deuterium clopidogrel in vivo were detected by HPLC/MS-MS and the activities of main metabolic enzymes was analyzed; Subsequently, platelet aggregation function, thrombus model were used to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of deuterium clopidogrel; Finally, the safety of deuterium clopidogrel were evaluated by blood routine, PT, APTT, bleeding time, serological tests, liver pathological biopsy, liver cell apoptosis and apoptosis-related protein detection. Key ResultsThe introduction of deuterium makes the binding of clopidogrel to P2Y12 receptor more stable, improves the concentration of active metabolites, reduces the inhibition of major metabolic enzymes including CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, leading to the better anti-platelet effect without increasing the risk of bleeding, and leads to the decrease in the degree of hepatocyte apoptosis.
Tool Path Planning for Five-Axis U-Pass Milling of an Impeller
Authors: Feng J.Y. , Wei Z.C. , Wang M.J. , Wang X.Q. , Guo M.L.
Published: April 2021

U-pass milling is a roughing method that combines the characteristics of flank milling with conventional trochoidal milling. The tool cuts in and out steadily, and the tool–workpiece wrap angle is maintained within a small range. This method can smooth the cutting force and reduce the peak cutting force while avoiding cutting heat accumulation, which can significantly improve the processing efficiency and reduce tool wear. In this study, a tool path model is established for U-pass milling, and the characteristic parameters of the path are defined. Through a comparative test of three-axis groove milling, it is demonstrated that the peak value and average value of the cutting force are reduced by 25% and 60%, respectively. An impeller runner is considered as the processing object, and the milling boundary parameters are pretreated. A tiling micro-arc mapping algorithm is proposed, which maps the three-dimensional boundary to the two-dimensional parameter domain plane with the arc length as the coordinate axis, and the dimensionally reduced tool contact point distribution form is obtained. The geometric domain tool position point and the interference-free tool axis vector are obtained by calculating the bidirectional proportional domain of the runner and the inverse mapping of any vector in the parameter domain. Finally, the calculation results are nested into the automatically programmed tool (APT) encoding form, and the feasibility of the five-axis U-pass milling tool path planning method is verified through a numerical example.
A Method for Isolated Worker/ Worker from Home to produce Diary-Based Performance Evidence: A Qualitative Study.
Authors: Chen Ching-I
Published: April 2021

Background: With the rise of internet usage and the global spread of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, work from home or isolated working style has become a norm and inevitable to both employers and employees. At the same time, existing/traditional performance appraisal methods are inadequate to respond to this working model and require improvements for better competency.Objective: Using holistic events documentary and subsequent statistical report, the performance evidence of appraisees can be produced in a standardized way, so that the raters can conduct the appraisal based on the official release data and relevant statements presented by the ratee. Method: Based on the field survey of members in modern enterprises/ organizations, an activity classification (i.e., Job Breakdown Structure; JBS) is maneuvered under the guidance of the grounded theory. It combines the prior agreement between both parties (employer and employee) by using an activity dictionary, and an on-duty shorthand method is ready for any worker to document their daily efforts. The mentioned recording efforts are to produce a standard diary log and weekly man-hours statistics/reports. Then, statistical data during the social exchange period is generated, and it can be summarized as his/ her Diary-Based Performance Evidence (DBPE), to facilitate the employee to present oneself in any performance appraisal system. Results: The performance evidence-producing method described in this paper is shown to be competent in appraising the isolated workers/ worker from home to defend their efforts with official release statistical data and his/her supplement statements.Conclusions: With the proposed JBS method, an activity dictionary is used to make a prior agreement between employer and employee. A shorthand method is implemented to facilitate workers, both isolated and work from home, to document their work logs on duty. It is shown to be useful in assisting both the isolated workers and the raters in the performance appraisal process. The proposed method is practical, can easily produce standardize DBPE, and applicable to workers both isolated and work from home, as well as workers of other working styles. Keywords: Job breakdown structure (JBS); Activity dictionary (AD); Participatory performance appraisal system (PPAS); Work from Home (WFH); Diary-based performance evidence (DBPE).
Amine Modification of Calcium Phosphates by Low-Pressure CH4/N2/He Plasma for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Kodama Joe , Harumningtyas Anjar Anggraini , Ito Tomoko , Michlíček Miroslav , Sugimoto Satoshi , Ukon Yuichiro , Kushioka Junichi , Okada Rintaro , Kamatani Takashi , Hashimoto Kunihiko , Tateiwa Daisuke , Tsukazaki Hiroyuki , Nakagawa Shinichi , Takenaka Shota , Makino Takahiro , Sakai Yusuke , Nečas David , Zajíčková Lenka , Hamaguchi Satoshi , Kaito Takashi
Published: April 2021

Calcium phosphates are promising materials for artificial bone but lack of satisfied osteogenic ability on their surfaces. In the present study, we applied a low-pressure plasma technology to chemically (amine) modify the surface of calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatite or beta-tricalcium phosphate) using a CH4/N2/He plasm gas mixture to improve their osteogenic ability. The CH4/N2/He plasma treatment produced a thin, stable amine-rich carbon polymer on the surface of the calcium phosphates, and enhanced hydrophilicity, deep infiltration of cells into porous calcium phosphates, cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation on the surface of calcium phosphates. In a rat calvarial defect model, the CH4/N2/He plasma treatment afforded calcium phosphates a significant higher bone regeneration capacity. Together, these results suggest that surface modification of calcium phosphates with CH4/N2/He plasma might improve osteogenic ability of calcium phosphates in vitro and in vivo.
Ethnomedicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Rabies in Ethiopian Traditional Medical Practices: a review
Authors: teferi samuel chane
Published: April 2021

Background

Rabies is a zoonotic disease affecting a wide range of wild and domestic animals, including livestocks.It is a major public-health problem which presents huge economic and health burdens in most parts of the developing world. The objective of this review was to prepare a compiled checklist of medicinal plants used traditionally for the management of rabies from various ethnobotanical, ethno pharmacological, and related studies in Ethiopia.
Methods

A website-based search strategy was employed. Databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched for published studies. The search items used were“medicinal plants”, “traditional medicines”, and “Ethiopia or Indigenous people.” A descriptive statistical method, percentage and frequency were used to analyze ethno-botanical data on reported medicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge. The results were presented using charts and tables.
Results

Eighty medicinal plant species which belong to 43 families and 68 genera were found to be used in the treatment of rabies in Ethiopia. Those medicinal plants were distributed in Amhara, Oromia and Southern nation, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia.Cucurbitaceae and Euphorbiaceae, represented by 7 species (8.75%), Solanaceae represented by 6 (7.5%) species. Phytolacca dodecandra and Justicia schimperianawere the most used/cited plant species. The habit forms of the plant species were herbs 18 (22.5%), shrubs 17 (21.25%) and while the most commonly used parts of the plant were 42% roots and 15% leaf.
Conclusions

According to the review there are many medicinal plants for the treatment of rabies. It is recommended to perform phytochemical screening for most reported plants.Ethiopia requires an enforceable policy that protects wild medicinal plants and policy incentives for the cultivation of medicinal plants to reduce overexploitation.
Nomogram to Predict Successful Septal Collateral Crossing during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Chronic Total Occlusion by retrograde approach: The Sep-CTO score
Authors: Liu Tong , Zhan Yuchao , Wu Zheng , Lv Yun , Li Wenzheng , Liu Jinghua
Published: April 2021

Septal collaterals are the main collaterals used in retrograde chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, there is little evidence regarding the selection of an interventional septal collateral (SC). we aimed to identify the predictors of successful guidewire crossing using clinical and anatomical characteristics. Overall, 216 derivation cases and 86 validation cases that included retrograde CTO PCI were analyzed. The technical success rate was 79.1% and there were no significant differences in the Gensini score, SYNTAX score, J-CTO score and Progress Score between two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that diabetes, small size, corkscrew, and side branch at tortuosity were independent factors of success in crossing SCs. We developed a nomogram to predict the success rate, which demonstrates favorable calibration and formed the Sep-CTO score. The calibration and decision curve analysis also demonstrated the reliability and accuracy of this clinical prediction model. The receiver-operating characteristic area of the nomogram was 0.870. Compared to the aforementioned scoring systems, Sep-CTO score was the most powerful. The nomogram may be a useful clinical tool. We found four independent variables to predict the successful guidewire crossing in septal collaterals.
Dynamical Studies and Numerical Study of the Pandemic Fractional COVID-19 Using the Caputo–Fabrizio Derivative
Authors: Mahdy Amr , Amer Y. A. , Youssef E. S. M. , Adel W.
Published: April 2021

In this document, we are in the process of solving and describing the engineering meaning of one of the most dangerous models that affect humans and that spreads at a tremendous speed between people. A Caputo–Fabrizio type partial request numerical model for the fractional Coronavirus model is introduced. The principal properties of the model are investigated. The presence and uniqueness of the answer for the proposed partial Coronavirus model are given through the fixed-point speculation. The mathematical propagations for the model are obtained by using explicit boundary regards. The non-number solicitation subordinate gives continuously versatile and more significant information about the multifaceted idea of the components of the proposed fractional budgetary models of care model than the entire number solicitation models set up beforehand. This new proposed model better may help to better understand the dynamic of this novel virus and may help to better control it.
Possible Implication of Hypoxia-mediated Incomplete Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Pneumonia-induced Exacerbation of Lung Diseases
Authors: Masuda Sakiko , Kato Kurumi , Ishibashi Misato , Nishibata Yuka , Sugimoto Ayako , Nakazawa Daigo , Tanaka Satoshi , Tomaru Utano , Tsujino Ichizo , Ishizu Akihiro
Published: April 2021

When patients with preexisting lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial pneumonitis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, develop pneumonia, the complication often exacerbates the underlying diseases. Although neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are important components of innate immune system, the residue of NETs in the tissue can harm the host. We examined the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and NETs in the lungs of patients with lung diseases complicated with pneumonia, and investigated the properties of NETs generated under hypoxia. This study demonstrated that the amount of NETs in pulmonary lesions was greater in patients with pneumonia than in patients without pneumonia and displayed a positive correlation between the amount of NETs and HIF-1α expression. We further demonstrated that the formation of typical lytic NETs was suppressed and round-shaped NETs were generated under hypoxic conditions in vitro. These round NETs were resistant to digestion by the principal NET regulator, DNase I. Focusing on actin rearrangement in neutrophils stimulated under hypoxic conditions, we found that G-actin polymerization and F-actin degradation—both of which are observed time-dependently under normoxic conditions—were disrupted, suggesting that hypoxia mediated the incomplete NET formation. Moreover, neutrophils stimulated under hypoxic conditions possessed cytotoxicity. Accumulation of neutrophils that form degradation-resistant NETs and possess cytotoxicity, which are generated under hypoxic circumstances, are expected to be involved in exacerbation of underlying lung diseases complicated with pneumonia.
Changes of Serum Bilirubin and Urine Peptides Related to Bilirubin Metabolism in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Liu Na , Wang Jitu , Qiu Sainan , Zhang Man
Published: April 2021

Background: The incidence rate of allergic rhinitis (AR) has been increasing, which has become a global health problem. As a kind of inflammatory airway disease, allergic rhinitis has a large number of inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators that participate. Bilirubin is an effective endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule. This study aims to explore the relationship between bilirubin and allergic rhinitis, and to explore the potential value of bilirubin-related metabolites in blood and urine in the assessment of AR disease. Methods: A total of 63 allergic rhinitis (AR-S group) patients and 86 healthy controls (NC-S group) were enrolled. Venous blood was obtained for measurement of serum total IgE levels and bilirubin parameters. Patients were classified into normal IgE level group (AR2-S group) and elevated IgE level group (AR1-S group). Ten subjects were randomly selected from each group, which were AR2 group, AR1 group and NC group. Urine samples were measured with the nano UPLC-MS/MS system consisting of a Nanoflow HPLC system (EASY-nLC 1000 system from Thermo Scientific) and Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific). Results: The mean total TBIL level (12.5 vs 15.7 μmol /L, p <0.001), median total DBIL level (4.4 vs 5.3 μmol /L, p <0.001) and mean total IBIL level (8.1 vs 10.3 μmol/L, p <0.001) in AR-S group were significantly lower than those in NC-S group. The mean total TBIL level (13.1 vs 15.7 μmol /L, p = 0.007), median total DBIL level (4.74 vs 5.3 μmol /L, p = 0.022), and mean total IBIL level (8.39 vs 10.3 μmol/L, p = 0.005) in AR2-S were significantly lower than those in NC-S group. The median total TBIL level (12.0 vs 15.7 μmol /L, p < 0.001), median total DBIL level (4.09 vs 5.3 μmol /L, p < 0.001), and median total IBIL level (7.91vs 10.3 μmol/L, p <0.001) in AR1-S were significantly lower than those in NC-S group. In addition, we found that there were 15 urine differential proteins related to bilirubin metabolism in AR2 and AR1. Their relative expression levels increased or decreased successively in NC group, normal IgE level group (AR2) and increased IgE level group (AR1). Conclusions: Compared with healthy people, the levels of bilirubin metabolites in patients with allergic rhinitis were decrease in the blood. The levels of bilirubin metabolites in urine of patients with allergic rhinitis have changed. This result suggests that bilirubin may be a new target for AR diagnosis and treatment.
ALKBH5-HOXA10 loop-mediated JAK2 m6A demethylation and platinum resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Nie Sipei , Zhang Lin , Liu Jinhui , Wan Yicong , Jiang Yi , Yang Jing , Sun Rui , Ma Xiaoling , Sun Guodong , Meng Huangyang , Xu Mengting , Cheng Wenjun
Published: April 2021

Background: Chemotherapy resistance remains a barrier in improving the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but its mechanism remains to be elucidated. ALKBH5 has been recently proven to be an RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethyltransferase associated with various cancers, but its role in cancer therapeutic resistance remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) in platinum-resistant EOC.Methods: Functional assays were performed both in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), m6A-modified RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter and actinomycin-D assays were performed to investigate RNA/RNA interaction and m6A modification of the ALKBH5-HOXA10 loop.Results: ALKBH5 was upregulated in platinum-resistant EOC and promoted cancer cell cisplatin resistance both in vivo and in vitro. Notably, HOXA10 was found to be the upstream transcription factor of ALKBH5 and formed a loop with ALKBH5., and its overexpression facilitated EOC cell chemoresistance both in vivo and in vitro. HOXA10 overexpression was found to facilitate EOC cell chemoresistance both in vivo and in vitro. Collective results of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq showed that JAK2 is an m6A-modified gene targeted by ALKBH5. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was activated by overexpression of the ALKBH5-HOXA10 loop, and this resulted in EOC chemoresistance. Cell sensitivity to cisplatin was rescued by ALKBH5 and HOXA10 knockdown or inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in EOC cells overexpressing ALKBH5-HOXA10.Conclusions: The ALKBH5-HOXA10 loop jointly activates the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway by mediating JAK2 m6A demethylation, promoting EOC resistance to platinum. Thus, inhibition of the expression of the ALKBH5-HOXA10 loop maybe a potential strategy to overcome platinum resistance in EOC.
Identification of electronic waste (e-waste) generation from the household and non-household sectors in Indonesia and its sustainable management system
Authors: Widyarsana I Made Wahyu , Supramono Dewi Suryanindah , Tambunan Suci Ameliya , Mulyadi Aurilia Ayuanda
Published: April 2021

The rapid development of technology has spurred competition among electronics manufacturers to innovate. The resulting electronic waste (e-waste) has potential hazards due to its composition. The prediction of e-waste generation is carried out using the Delay Model method, modified by applying end-of-life (EoL) value to the lifespan to adjust Indonesian society’s treatment of e-waste. The calculations show that the prediction of hazardous material from Indonesia’s household sector will reach 16,653.73 tonnes in 2040, while the non-household sector comes to 25,391.72 tonnes in 2040. The most e-product produced from the household sector is TV with 3,763.74 tonnes, while the non-household sector is also dominated by TV with 23,380.52 tonnes in 2040. The composition of materials obtained from e-waste, in general, is 1% hazardous materials, 31% ferrous metal, then 27% glass and plastic materials, 6% non-ferrous metals, and 8% other materials. Thus, the total generation of e-waste will reach 4,204,545.43 tonnes, and the hazardous components in e-products only reach 42,045.45 tonnes or about 1% of the total e-product generation. In the future, it is necessary to integrate and formalize the handling of e-waste from the informal sector, which has been developing into the formal sector. This research is expected to be used as a reference by the government to make regulations, plans, and strategies related to hazardous waste management to prevent harm to the environment and human health.
The Potential of Multi-rotor Drone to Strengthen Emergency Medical Service System: a preliminary study in a Chinese county
Authors: Zhang Minhai , Li Qiang , Shi Lin , Ge Fangmin , Yu Hang , Wang Hui , Khan Zafar Ullah , Zhang Mao
Published: April 2021

Objective: To explore the feasibility and advantage of using multi-rotor drones in a county emergency medical service system.Methods: This study was conducted in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province from January to September 2018. We applied drones to simulate the transfer of first aid materials from health centers to the Changxing County People's Hospital. A total of 3 indicators were obtained: (1) The flight time of the drone; (2) The estimated time of ambulance dispatched from the county hospital was measured by Baidu map, Amap and Tencent map software; (3) The road transportation time measured by Amap software at 0: 00, 8: 00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00, 20:00.Results: A total of 10 health centers were included in this study. Linear distance from county people's hospital to these centers was (10.97±3.59) km, and the road distance was (13.61±4.95) km. (2) The flight time of drones were (16.35±5.15) min, less than road transportation time measured by Amap, Baidu, and Tencent map software, which was (21.40±5.15) min, (22.50±6.11) min, (22.00±5.23) min, respectively (P＜0.01). The road transportation time measured using Amap software was longer than that of drones from 0:00 to 20:00 (P＜0.01), with the maximum time of (27.80±6.12) min at 18:00, and the minimum time of (21.40±5.15) min at midnight. Drones could save up to 14.07 min at most and 2.8min at least, with an average save of (7.98±1.32) min.Conclusions: Drone was faster than road transportation to transfer first aid medical supplies within a county. Further researches are needed to integrate drone into emergency medical service system.
TAT-Beclin1 Represses the Carcinogenesis of DUSP4-positive PTC by Enhancing Autophagy
Authors: Zang Leilei , Song Yanmei , Tian Yanhua , Hu Ning
Published: April 2021

Background: DUSP4 is a pro-tumorigenic molecule of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). DUSP4 also exists as an autophagic regulator. Moreover, DUSP4, as a negative regulator of MAPK, can prevent Beclin1 from participating in autophagic response. This study aimed to explore whether TAT-Beclin1, a recombinant protein of Beclin1, could inhibit the tumorigenesis of DUSP4-positive PTC by regulating autophagy.Methods: First, we divided PTC cancer tissues into three groups according to DUSP4 expression levels by immunohistochemical analyses, and evaluated the relationship between the expression of autophagic proteins (Beclin1 and LC3II) and DUSP4 expression using Western blotting assays. After overexpression of DUSP4 by lentiviral transduction, the roles of TAT-Beclin1 on DUSP4-overexpressed PTC was detected.Results: Our results showed that the expression levels of autophagic proteins (Beclin1 and LC3II) increased with the increase of DUSP4 expression in PTC carcinomas. In PTC cells, DUSP4 overexpression-inhibited autophagic activity (including Beclin1 expression, LC3 conversion rate and LC3-puncta formation) and -promoted cell proliferation and migration were reversed by TAT-Beclin1 administration. In vivo assays also showed that DUSP4-overexpressed PTC cells had stronger tumorigenic ability and weaker autophagic activity, which was recovered by TAT-Beclin1 administration. Conclusions: TAT-Beclin1, as an autophagic promoter, could repress the carcinogenesis of DUSP4-positive PTC, which implies that the addition of TAT-Beclin1 may be determined through detecting the levels of DUSP4 in the treatment of PTC.
Impact of Changing Guidelines on Genetic Testing and Surveillance Recommendations in a Contemporary Cohort of Breast Cancer Survivors with Family History of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Wang Annie , Everett Jessica N. , Chun Jennifer , Cen Cindy , Simeone Diane M. , Schnabel Freya
Published: April 2021

Background: Changing practice guidelines and recommendations have important implications for cancer survivors. This study investigated genetic testing patterns and outcomes and reported family history of pancreatic cancer (FHPC) in a large registry population of breast cancer (BC) patients. Methods: Variables including clinical and demographic characteristics, FHPC in a first or second-degree relative, and genetic testing outcomes were analyzed for BC patients diagnosed between 2010-2018 in the NYU Langone Health Breast Cancer Database. Results: Among 3334 BC patients, 232 (7%) had a positive FHPC. BC patients with FHPC were 1.68 times more likely to have undergone genetic testing (p<0.001), but 33% had testing for BRCA1/2 only and 44% had no genetic testing. Pathogenic germline variants (PGV) were identified in 15/129 (11.6%) BC patients with FHPC, and in 145/1315 (11.0%) BC patients without FHPC. Across both groups, updates in genetic testing criteria and recommendations could impact up to 80% of this cohort. Conclusions: Within a contemporary cohort of BC patients, 7% had a positive FHPC. The majority of these patients (56%) had no genetic testing, or incomplete testing by current standards, suggesting under-diagnosis of PC risk. This study supports recommendations for survivorship care that incorporate ongoing genetic risk assessment and counseling.
Potential Application of Measuring Serum Infliximab Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis Management: A Retrospective Study based on KURAMA Cohort Data
Authors: Nakae Kazuto , Masui Sho , Yonezawa Atsushi , Hashimoto Motomu , Watanabe Ryu , Murata Koichi , Murakami Kosaku , Tanaka Masao , Ito Hiromu , Yokoyama Kotoko , Iwamoto Noriko , Shimada Takashi , Nakamura Miyuki , Denda Masaya , Itohara Kotaro , Nakagawa Shunsaku , Ikemi Yasuaki , Imai Satoshi , Nakagawa Takayuki , Hayakari Makoto , Matsubara Kazuo
Published: April 2021

Background Infliximab (IFX) therapy has considerably improved the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). On the other hand, in some patients, the efficacy of IFX therapy is not adequate, or gradually diminishes with the lapse of the treatment. Although previous studies have reported a positive relationship between serum IFX levels and therapeutic efficacy, the potential application of IFX therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in clinical practice remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential applications of IFX TDM by analyzing a Japanese cohort database. Methods Data were collected retrospectively from the Kyoto University Rheumatoid Arthritis Management Alliance, KURAMA,cohort between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2018. Serum IFX levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results Out of the 311 RA patients who received IFX therapy, 41 were eligible for analysis. Serum IFX levels were significantly higher in responders than in non-responders. An optimal cut-off value was determined to be 0.4 µg/mL based on a receiver operating characteristic curve. At the IFX measurement point, a better therapeutic response was observed in the High-IFX group (n = 31) than in the Low-IFX group (n = 10). Conversely, at the maximum effect point, when DAS28-ESR (the 28 joint disease activity score incorporating erythrocyte sedimentation rate) was the lowest between IFX introduction and measurement points, there were no differences in responder proportions between the Low- and High-IFX groups. Conclusions In clinical practice, IFX primary ineffectiveness could be avoided with appropriate dose escalation without blood concentration measurement. However, IFX TDM could facilitate the identification of secondary non-responders, and in turn, proper IFX use.
MTDDI: a graph convolutional network framework for predicting Multi-Type Drug-Drug Interactions
Authors: Feng YueHua , Zhang Shao-Wu , Zhang Qing-Qing , Zhang Chu-Han , Shi Jian-Yu
Published: April 2021

Although the polypharmacy has both higher therapeutic efficacy and less drug resistance in combating complex diseases, drug-drug interactions (DDIs) may trigger unexpected pharmacological effects, such as side effects, adverse reactions, or even serious toxicity. Thus, it is crucial to identify DDIs and explore its underlying mechanism (e.g., DDIs types) for polypharmacy safety. However, the detection of DDIs in assays is still time-consuming and costly, due to the need of experimental search over a large drug combinational space. Machine learning methods have been proved as a promising and efficient method for preliminary DDI screening. Most shallow learning-based predictive methods focus on whether a drug interacts with another or not. Although deep learning (DL)-based predictive methods address a more realistic screening task for identifying the DDI types, they only predict the DDI types of known DDI, ignoring the structural relationship between DDI entries, and they also cannot reveal the knowledge about the dependence between DDI types. Thus, here we proposed a novel end-to-end deep learning-based predictive method (called MTDDI) to predict DDIs as well as its types, exploring the underlying mechanism of DDIs. MTDDI designs an encoder derived from enhanced deep relational graph convolutional networks to capture the structural relationship between multi-type DDI entries, and adopts the tensor-like decoder to uniformly model both single-fold interactions and multi-fold interactions to reflect the relation between DDI types. The results show that our MTDDI is superior to other state-of-the-art deep learning-based methods. For predicting the multi-type DDIs with unknown DDIs in case of both single-fold DDIs and multi-fold DDIs, we validated the effectiveness and the practical capability of our MTDDI. More importantly, MTDDI can reveal the dependency between DDI types. These crucial observations are beneficial to uncover the mechanism and regularity of DDIs.
Protocol for a Systematic Review Exploring the Psychometric Properties of Health and Wellbeing Measures Used With Adolescents Experiencing Intellectual Disabilities.
Authors: Maguire Stephanie , Davison Jenny , McLaughlin Marian , Simms Victoria
Published: April 2021

Background

Whilst there are studies that have systematically reviewed the psychometric properties of Quality-of-Life measures for children and young people experiencing intellectual disabilities, these narrowly focus on disease or health conditions. The objective of this planned systematic review is therefore to collate, summarise and critically appraise the psychometric properties of health and wellbeing measures used with adolescents (aged 11–16) with an intellectual disability.
Methods

We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review of studies which explores the psychometric properties of health and wellbeing measures used with adolescents experiencing intellectual disabilities. Electronic databases including PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE and ERIC will be searched using predefined search terms to identify relevant studies. Quantitative and mixed-methods studies, and studies published in peer-reviewed journals or grey literature will be included. Review papers, editorials and case studies will be excluded. Eligible studies should identify self and/or proxy reported health and wellbeing measures which assess health and wellbeing among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed by applying the COSMIN Risk of Bias Checklist. The quality of the evidence (i.e., the total body of evidence used for the overall ratings on each psychometric property of an instrument) will be evaluated in accordance with the GRADE guidelines.
Discussion

This systematic review will be among the first to systematically explore the psychometric properties of health and wellbeing measures used with adolescents experiencing intellectual disabilities. By providing evidence-based knowledge about measures being used in health and wellbeing research amongst this population, and more importantly how reliable and valid these measures are, the most suitable for use will be identified. Our findings will be of potential interest to clinicians, researchers and service providers who need information about the methodological quality and the characteristics of measures to make informed decisions about the most reliable and valid tool for a specific purpose. The findings from this study will contribute to the knowledge surrounding available and appropriate measures to use for measuring the health and wellbeing of adolescents with intellectual disabilities, which are necessary to inform intervention development and future health policy.
Systematic Review Registration

The protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). The registration number is: CRD42021231697.
A Highly Efficient Protocol To Establish Regeneration And Genetic Transformation Systems And Create Targeted Mutations Using CRISPR/Cas9 in Lycium Ruthenicum
Authors: Wang Wang , Wang Hai , Liu Jiangmiao , Li Tong , Zhao Huien
Published: April 2021

Background: The CRISPR/Cas9 system has rapidly become the preferred tool for various biological sequencing projects due to its high efficiency, specificity, simplicity and versatility, and it has been utilized for targeted genomic alternations in several important plants of Solanaceae, including tomato, tobacco, potato, petunia and groundcherry. Wolfberry is the sixth most important solanaceous crop in China following potato, tomato, eggplant, pepper and tobacco. To date, there has been no report on CRISPR/Cas9 technology to improve Lycium ruthenicum due to the unknown genome and the lack of efficient regeneration and genetic transformation systems.Results: In this study, we established a suitable regeneration and genetic transformation system of Lycium ruthenicum, the fw2.2 gene was identified, which was the first fruit weight gene identifified from tomato and accounted for 30% of the variation in fruit size. The gene editing of black wolfberry were carried out by CRISPR/ Cas9 for the first time here with a very high editing efficiency (95.45%) in fw2.2. Four homozygous mutations and nine biallelic mutations were obtained from T0 generation plants. Conclusions: These results suggest that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is effective for gene editing study of black wolfberry, and we expect this approach to be routinely applied to this important economic fruit.
A peculiar case of psychosis
Authors: Kouba Lamia , Alhosain Dalia
Published: April 2021

● Background: Psychosis in pregnancy is rare and could be life-threatening. It requires prompt evaluation and proper management accordingly. Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAr) encephalitis following herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is a rare cause of psychosis during pregnancy. ● Case presentation: A 20 year old woman at 18 weeks gestation presented with agitation and a 3-day history of hallucinations. She had a prior hospitalization for HSV encephalitis six weeks before. Her laboratory workup was unremarkable except for positive anti-NMDAr antibodies in the CSF. The patient was treated with high dose corticosteroids and plasmapheresis and she was discharged two weeks later fully recovered.● Conclusions: Anti-NMDAr encephalitis can be the culprit behind a new-onset of psychosis in pregnancy. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.