bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon storage and energy production of Eucalyptus urophylla developed in dryland ecosystems at East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Sandono Ronggo , Wardhana Wahyu , Idris Fahmi , Wirabuana Pandu Yudha Adi Putra
Published: October 2021

The development of Eucalyptus urophylla in dryland ecosystems plays an important contribution to support climate change mitigation and renewable energy diversification. However, the information about the potential of E. urophylla for carbon reduction and energy production is rarely documented, even though it is necessary as fundamental considerations to determine the best strategy for sustainable natural resources management, primarily in dryland ecosystems. This study aimed to quantify the carbon storage and energy production of E. urophylla established in dryland ecosystems at East Nusa Tenggara. The study site is located in a eucalyptus plantation managed by Timor Tengah Selatan Forest Management Unit. Destructive sampling was conducted on 25 sample trees that were evenly distributed from small to big ones. The percentage of carbon content in every tree component, namely stem, branch, and foliage, was determined using elemental analysis, while the calorific value of each tree component was analyzed using a bomb calorimeter. Carbon storage in each component was calculated by multiplying biomass and the percentage of carbon content, while the energy production was computed by multiplying high heating value and biomass from every tree component. The results found the mean carbon storage of E. urophylla in the study site was 55.51 kg tree-1 with a minimum of 6.34 kg tree-1 and a maximum of 184.76 kg tree-1. The percentage of carbon content in the foliage was lower than other tree components by approximately 34.1%. Interestingly, the calorific value of foliage was relatively higher than stem and branch with around 5,252 kcal kg-1. The energy production of E. urophylla ranged from 252.6 to 7,813.3 MJ tree-1 with an average of 2,357.87 MJ tree-1. According to the results, this study concluded the development of E. urophylla in dryland ecosystems demonstrated a meaningful contribution to carbon absorption and energy production at East Nusa Tenggara.
Acid mine drainage (AMD) contamination in coal mines and the need for extensive prediction and remediation: a review
Authors: Ojonimi Theophilus Ile , Okeme lemona C , Chanda Tina Phiri , Ameh Eneojo Godwin
Published: October 2021

Globally, the major source of environmental pollution as a result of mineral exploitation and processing is acid mine drainage (AMD). AMD refers to outflowing streams of acidic constituents from pyrite-bearing ore mines. The exposure of pyrite (FeS2) in coal waste dumps to atmospheric oxygen and water in the presence of microbial communities promotes the formation of sulphuric acid which leaches out the inherent heavy metals into the mine discharge, a phenomenon called pyrite oxidation. AMDs are usually characterized by a convoy of toxic heavy metals, most of which are transition elements (copper, nickel, zinc, etc.) and arsenic at concentrations higher than the limits permitted by environmental regulations. The impact of this acidic discharge from coal mines on downstream/underground waters and farm lands within the corresponding mining zones have been severally reported by previous researchers, but not so much have been discussed on extensive prediction and remediation. It is in view of this that the current paper reviews the need for extensive prediction and remediation approach for coal mines under the following subheadings; General introduction, AMD sources identification, representative sampling, adoption of a prediction model, determination of AMD potential and quality via static and kinetic tests and the development of an economically sustainable remediation strategy. It is thought that this article would be useful to academia as well as policy makers that are responsible for the development and implementation of environmental regulations in coal mines.
The role of soil, water and forest conservation on vegetation cover and landscape greenness in degraded areas of upper Blue Nile
Authors: Belayneh Mengie , Yirgu Teshome , Tsegaye Dereje
Published: October 2021

Recently, large-scale soil, water, and forest conservation/protection practices have been implemented in Ethiopia. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of soil, water, and forest conservation/protection on vegetation cover and landscape greenness in the Gumara watershed. Landsat satellite imageries were used to analyze the changes using land use/cover and net difference vegetation index (NDVI) and its differencing methods. Over the period 1995-2017, forestland and shrub-woodland covers increased by 48.4% (2.8-4.2%) and 8.3% (20.2-21.9%), respectively. Similarly, the NDVI result showed high improvements in landscape greenness and vegetation density. A 13.5% of the watershed area experienced a significant increase, of which 61.4% was observed on forest and shrub-woodland covers. The watershed area covered by very high (NDVI>0.4) and high (NDVI 0.3-0.4) vegetation density classes were increased by 189.2 and 145.5%, respectively. Upon the increasing human pressure and related problems, the observed improvement of vegetation cover and landscape greenness show the positive impact of soil, water, and forest conservation/protection practices done for the last two decades. Therefore, strengthening the current efforts and investing more in sustainable and evidence/priority-based soil, water, and forest conservation measures that are ecologically friendly with diversified livelihood importance can bring a more effective result of land rehabilitation.
A seascape approach for guiding effective habitat enhancement
Authors: Ferrario Filippo , Suskiewicz Thew , Johnson Ladd Erik
Published: October 2021

Kelp habitats are threatened across the globe, and because of their ecological importance, active conservation and restoration solutions are needed. The use of man-made structures as artificial reefs is one way to enhance kelp habitat by providing suitable substrata, but in the past the ecology of artificial structures has been investigated mainly in contrast to natural coastal habitats, not as elements integrated into the seascape. Indeed, it is now emerging that structuring processes, including ecological interactions (e.g., herbivory), can depend on properties of the surrounding seascape. In Eastern Canada, grazing by the green sea urchin can jeopardize the success of artificial reefs for kelp enhancement. Urchin activity is, however, likely to be influenced by the bottom composition, and thus a seascape approach is needed to integrate urchin behavior and habitat heterogeneity. Adopting a spatially explicit framework, we investigated whether the seascape creates areas of differential grazing risk for kelp by affecting urchin habitat use. Specifically, we transplanted kelp onto modules of artificial substrata distributed on a heterogeneous area that we mapped for bottom type and algal cover. After following kelp survival and urchin distribution over time, we modeled kelp survival as function of urchin metrics and coupled it to urchin use of the habitat models to map grazing risk in the area. Kelp survival was a function of the frequency of the urchins presence. Urchins avoided sandy patches, while bottom composition and algal cover modulated the within-patch urchin use of the habitat, creating heterogeneity in grazing risk. Discrete seascape features (boulders) also increased the grazing risk locally. The heterogeneity of coastal seafloor can thus play a major role in determining the ecological outcomes on artificial structures. Incorporating this information when planning artificial reefs could minimize the detrimental grazing risk, thereby increasing the success of artificial reefs for kelp habitat enhancement.
Why Florida?
Authors: Swiniartzki Marco
Published: October 2021

Around 1990, Florida was rapidly put on the international musical map by an obscure phenomenon. Bands like Death, Deicide, Obituary or Morbid Angel established a regional music scene starting in the suburbs of Tampa Bay and Orlando that around 1992 was finally labelled “Florida death metal.” Although this upcoming scene has been much discussed due to its musical and praxeological characteristics or its occasionally strong use of satanic imagery, and to this day includes some of the best-selling extreme metal bands, its history nevertheless has been less of an issue in popular music studies or metal music studies.

On these grounds, this article addresses itself to the historization of the “Florida death metal” scene from its beginnings around 1984 to the peak of its fame around 1993/94. With the aid of different concepts of scene and using fanzine/magazine interviews and newspaper articles, it suggests a modified approach of categories to contextualize the scene’s development as a mixture of structural, social, cultural and experience-based evolutions. Beyond that, the article shortly investigates another neglected issue by arguing that the scene was not as exclusive and obscure as widely believed. Instead, the death metal scene obtained a disregarded media coverage in regional newspapers that—together with other progressions—launched a slow rethinking, which epitomizes some important links concerning the shift to postmodernism.
Influence of Cutting Parameters to Surface Area Roughness in Dimple Machining Using Milling Process
Authors: Hanafiah M.A. , Aziz A.A. , Yusoff A.R.
Published: October 2021

Surface quality is among the predominant criterion in measuring machining process performance, including milling. It is extremely dependent on the process variable, such as cutting parameters and cutting tool conditions. The main intention of this research work is to study the effect of the milling machining parameters, including depth of cut, spindle speed, feed rate as well as machining pattern to the final surface area roughness of the fabricated dimple structure. The concave profile of the dimple is machined at the right angle to a flat Al6061 specimen using a ball end mill attached to a 3-axis CNC milling machine, and the surface area of the concave profile is measured using 3D measuring laser microscope. It is observed that surface area roughness reacts with the spindle speed and feed rate with different tool sizes. Based on the result gained, the work has successfully characterised the influence of studied milling parameters on the dimple surface area roughness, where within the range of the studied parameter, the surface area roughness varies only less than 2.2 μm. The research work will be continued further on the incline milling technique and micro size ball end mill.
Hyperthyroidism in adolescents
Authors: Niedziela Marek
Published: October 2021

The term 'hyperthyroidism' refers to a form of thyrotoxicosis due to inappropriate high synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone(s) by the thyroid. The leading cause of hyperthyroidism in adolescents is Graves’ disease (GD); however, one should also consider other potential causes, such as toxic nodular goitre (single or multinodular), and other rare disorders leading to excessive production and release of thyroid hormones. The term 'thyrotoxicosis' refers to a clinical state resulting from inappropriate high thyroid hormone action in tissues, generally due to inappropriate high tissue thyroid hormone levels. Thyrotoxicosis is a condition with multiple aetiologies, manifestations, and potential modes of therapy. By definition, the extrathyroidal sources of excessive amounts of thyroid hormones, such as iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis, factitious ingestion of thyroid hormone, or struma ovarii, do not include hyperthyroidism. The aetiology of hyperthyroidism/and thyrotoxicosis should be determined. Although the diagnosis is apparent based on the clinical presentation and initial biochemical evaluation, additional diagnostic testing is indicated. This testing should include: (1) measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) antibodies (TRAb); (2) analysis of thyroidal echogenicity and blood flow on ultrasonography; or (3) determination of radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU). A 123I or 99mTc pertechnetate scan is recommended when the clinical presentation suggests toxic nodular goitre. A question arises regarding whether diagnostic workup and treatment (antithyroid drugs, radioiodine, surgery, and others) should be the same in children and adolescents as in adults, as well as whether there are the same goals of treatment in adolescents as in adults, in female patients vs in male patients, and in reproductive or in postreproductive age. In this aspect, different treatment modalities might be preferred to achieve euthyroidism and to avoid potential risks from the treatment. The vast majority of patients with thyroid disorders require life-long treatment; therefore, the collaboration of different specialists is warranted to achieve these goals and improve patients’ quality of life.
El perfil actual del estudiante de pregrado de la Facultad de Estudios a Distancia de la UMNG y su preferencia al estudiar un posgrado
Authors: Acuña Barrantes Henry , Villamil Rozo Martin Elías , Padilla Beltrán Eduardo
Published: October 2021

En este artículo se busca actualizar el perfil de los estudiantes que cursan pregrados en modalidad a distancia-virtual, matriculados de la Facultad de Estudios a Distancia (Faedis) de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, haciendo una comparación entre los períodos 2015-II y 2018-II, cotejando sus aspectos económicos, demográficos e institucionales. Se concurrió a la metodología descriptiva realizando encuestas a una muestra del 14,2 % de la comunidad estudiantil activa. Se observó que la mayoría de los alumnos que respondieron la encuesta están en el rango de edad de 26 a 45 años, lo que demuestra que es una población adulto-joven; sin embargo, el grupo de 17-20 años presenta un aumento importante. De igual forma, los estudiantes demandan prontamente que la Facultad oferte un mayor número de especializaciones y maestrías, y entre su interés está la Maestría en Alta Gerencia (MBA), y esperan que su enfoque sea hacia la profundización.
Social Media Mining in der Praxis – Was twittert die Bundesregierung und was kann daraus abgeleitetwerden?
Authors: Vogt Martin
Published: October 2021

Durch einen einzigen Tweet erreichte der Regierungssprecher Steffen Seibert im September 2019 circa 922000 Follower: unmittelbar und ungefiltert. In diesem Artikel werden ausgewählte Methoden des Social Media Minings vorgestellt und damit die Tweets der Bundesregierung strukturiert und analysiert. Auffällig ist, dass der Regierungssprecher über zahlreiche gesellschaftsrelevante Fragestellungen twittert und zudem den Fokus sehr stark auf die Aktivitäten der Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel lenkt.
Vermögensteuer in Deutschland?
Authors: Hirschel Dierk , Warneke Matthias
Published: October 2021

Die Vermögensteuer hat auch in Deutschland eine lange Geschichte. Seit 1997 wird sie hierzulande – anders als in zwei Nachbarstaaten – nicht mehr erhoben. Das hat allen voran verfassungsrechtliche Gründe. Politisch ist die Vermögensteuer höchst umstritten. Zuletzt sind die Rufe nach einer solchen Abgabe für Reiche wieder lauter geworden. Das hängt auch damit zusammen, dass die Corona-Pandemie die öffentlichen Haushalte stark belastet. Die Schuldenbremse zwingt Bund und Länder in den kommenden Jahren dazu, diese zusätzlichen Verbindlichkeiten schnell zu tilgen. Ob eine Vermögensteuer dabei helfen könnte, darüber gehen die Meinung von Dierk Hirschel und Matthias Warneke weit auseinander.
Zweidimensionale Zuschneide- und Packprobleme mit unregelmäßigen Objekten
Authors: Kimms Alf , Király Hédi
Published: October 2021

Zweidimensionale Zuschneide- und Packprobleme mit unregelmäßigen Objekten treten in unterschiedlichen Industriebereichen auf, beispielsweise in der Textil-, Metallwaren-, Möbel- und Schuhindustrie. Geometrisch komplexe Objekte werden im effizientesten Layout auf eine (oder mehreren) Grundfläche(n) positioniert, ohne sich dabei zu überschneiden.
Die Covid-19-Pandemie beflügelt die Bio-Branche in Deutschland weiter
Authors: Maasz Christopher
Published: October 2021

Die Bio-Branche wächst weiter. Der Branchenreport des Bund ökologische Lebensmittelwirtschaft (BÖLW) belegt, dass der Umsatz mit Bio-Lebensmitteln in Deutschland im Jahr 2020 um über 22 Prozent gestiegen ist. Der immense Umsatzanstieg lässt sich teilweise durch die Anpassung des Verbraucherverhaltens im Zuge der Covid-19-Pandemie erklären. Allerdings zeigt die Statistik der prozentualen Wachstumswerte seit 2010, dass es sich nicht nur um eine Momentaufnahme handelt, sondern vielmehr um einen anhaltenden Trend, der zusätzlich durch die Covid-19-Pandemie verstärkt wird.
Existenzgründung in Zeiten der Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Plum Bernhard
Published: October 2021

Die Covid-19-Pandemie hat Deutschland fest im Griff. Seit dem ersten Lockdown im März 2020 führte sie in Deutschland zu einer Rezession, wie sie lange nicht mehr beobachtet wurde. Betroffen hiervon sind nicht nur etablierte Unternehmen, sondern auch die meisten Start-Ups. Der deutsche Staat hat hierauf reagiert, indem er verschiedene Förderprogramme aufgelegt hat, die speziell den Existenzgründern helfen sollen, die Krise zu überwinden und trotz aller Widrigkeiten ihren Wachstumskurs fortsetzen zu können.
Gibt es einen "Nummer 1"-Effekt?
Authors: Sonnabend Hendrik , Richter Michael
Published: October 2021

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Bedeutung der Eröffnungswoche für den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg eines Kinofilms. Wir zeigen, dass ein erster Platz in den Besuchercharts zu Beginn eines Filmlebens stark mit den Gesamtbesuchern bzw. dem Gesamtumsatz korreliert. Außerdem können wir positive Effekte in Verbindung mit Bewertungen durch Experten und Nutzer feststellen. Zudem sind deutsche Produktionen und Fortsetzungen im Durchschnitt erfolgreicher, gleiches gilt für erhöhte „Starpower“ eines Films.
Das WiSt-Jubiläumsfragespiel: 19 aus 71
Authors: Frenkel Michael
Published: October 2021

1971 wurde die Zeitschrift WiSt von den Herausgebern Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Erwin Dichtl und Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Otmar Issing ins Leben gerufen.In unserer Serie beantworten Autorinnen und Autoren der Zeitschrift 19 Fragen aus 71. Warum gerade 19 aus 71? Die Zahlen sind an das Jahr 1971 angelehnt. Für den Fragebogen haben wir uns unter anderem den „Proust´schen Fragebogen“ zum Vorbild genommen. Ursprünglich ist dieser ein beliebtes Gesellschaftsspiel, das einen fast unendlichen Spielraum von Antwortmöglichkeiten gibt: Die Person kann alles über sich preisgeben oder ein Rätsel bleiben. Gedacht ist es als ein Spiel, ein launiger Zeitvertreib, um einen kurzen, persönlichen Blick hinter den offiziellen Autorenlebenslauf zu werfen und unsere Autorinnen und Autoren etwas näher kennenzulernen.Aus 71 Fragen wählen wir für jeden Teilnehmer zufällig 19 Fragen aus. Von diesen können die Autorinnen und Autoren insgesamt fünf Fragen mit solchen aus dem Pool der übrigen 52 Fragen austauschen. Der vollständige Fragenkatalog ist auf unserer Homepage abrufbar. In diesem Heft fragen wir Prof. Dr. Michael Frenkel.
Fallstudie zur Bewertung und Besteuerung von Betriebsvermögen im Rahmen der Unternehmensnachfolge
Authors: Müller-Thomczik Sandra , Hintzen Christoph
Published: October 2021

Die Fallstudie beschäftigt sich mit der Bewertung und Besteuerung von Betriebsvermögen im Rahmen der Unternehmensnachfolge und zeigt dabei die Systematik des Erbschaftsteuerrechts auf. Die Bewertungsregelungen zum Betriebsvermögen werden ebenso adressiert wie die komplexen Begünstigungsregeln für unternehmerisches Vermögen. Zentrale Problembereiche im Kontext des steuerschädlichen Verwaltungsvermögens werden aufgegriffen. Die Lösungshinweise beziehen sich auf die Fallbeschreibung und Aufgabe des Beitrags der Autoren im vorangegangenen WiSt-Heft, Nr. 6/2021, S. 63 ff.
GAMIFICANDO LA DIDÁCTICA DE LA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA. VISIÓN DEL ALUMNADO UNIVERSITARIO
Authors: Flores-Aguilar G. , Fernández-Río J. , Prat-Grau M.
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue valorar el impacto de la experiencia gamificada “Súper Mario Bros” en la formación inicial universitaria de futuros docentes de Educación Física. Los 76 estudiantes matriculados en la asignatura “Didáctica de la Educación Física II” del Grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte de una universidad del Este de España accedieron a participar. Todos respondieron a un cuestionario online ad hoc compuesto por preguntas abiertas y cerradas (escala Likert). Los resultados revelaron percepciones muy positivas y satisfactorias sobre la experiencia en general, y de sus pilares educativos en particular; destacándose, por encima de todo, una incidencia directa en el grado de motivación y compromiso hacia la asignatura; además del deseo de modificar la creación de grupos heterogéneos.
EFECTOS DEL APRENDIZAJE MOTOR IMPLÍCITO Y EXPLÍCITO DEL GOLF EN ESCOLARES
Authors: Román Alconchel B. , Miranda León M.T. , Fernández García J.C.
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es investigar mediante una aproximación ecológica, si los métodos de aprendizaje motor implícitos permiten un mejor aprendizaje del swing completo y del swing medio (chipeo) de golf en la iniciación deportiva respecto a los tradicionales métodos de aprendizaje motor explícitos. Han participado 56 estudiantes (M=13.6±1.05 años) de segundo curso de enseñanza secundaria (ESO), sin ninguna experiencia previa en este deporte. Se han tomado tres mediciones: a) antes de la intervención didáctica, b) el pre-test de rendimiento motor en el centro escolar y c) el post-test de transferencia dos semanas después del pre-test) realizado en el campo de golf. En base a los resultados, el aprendizaje de un gesto técnico tan complejo como el swing completo y el swing medio (chipeo) en golf pueden plantearse como un contínuum entre el aprendizaje implícito y el explícito en estas edades en la fase de iniciación e integrando los aspectos positivos de uno y otro método.
EVALUACIÓN DE ESTRATEGIAS PARA LA PROMOCIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA: COSTO-UTILIDAD
Authors: Sposito L.A.C. , Nakamura P.M. , Monteiro H.L. , Papini C.B. , Benedetti T.R.B. , Kokubun E.
Published: October 2021

El objetivo fue comparar el costo adicional por Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad (AVAC) de tres estrategias para promoción de Actividad Física (AF) y verificar la influencia de las intervenciones sobre el porcentaje de adultos físicamente activos en las Unidades de Salud Básicas (USB). Los usuarios de las USB fueron seleccionados y distribuidos en grupos aleatorizados: (1) breve asesoramiento - recibió orientaciones para aumentar la AF; (2) grupo de indicación al programa de ejercicio físico supervisado - invitados a participar en programa de ejercicio físico en la USB; y, (3) grupo evaluación - no recibió ninguna intervención, respondiendo a los cuestionarios propuestos por la investigación. Los grupos fueron entrevistados en cinco momentos, durante un año, evaluados sobre el costo por AVAC ganado y tiempo de AF. La estrategia de breve asesoría fue más efectiva, comparada a las demás estrategias, debido al menor costo/AVAC y resultados positivos sobre la AF.
Sexual Health Behaviors and Pregnancy Risk Among Hospitalized Female Adolescents
Authors: Hunt Jane Alyce , Randell Kimberly A. , Mermelstein Sarah , Miller Melissa K. , Sherman Ashley K. , Philipose Shirene , Masonbrink Abbey R.
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES

To describe sexual health behaviors, contraceptive use, and pregnancy risk among hospitalized female adolescents.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of hospitalized female patients aged 14 to 21 years at 2 academic medical centers to assess sexual health behaviors, contraceptive use, contraceptive counseling receipt, and factors associated with pregnancy complications (eg, diabetes, teratogenic exposure). We calculated the validated Pregnancy Risk Index (PRI) (number per 100 who will become pregnant in the next year).

RESULTS

Among 177 participants (mean age 16 years, SD 1.5), 75 (43%) were sexually active. At last vaginal sex, 65% reported condom use; 49%, reversible contraception; and 12%, long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). Past-year contraceptive counseling was reported by 73% of sexually active female participants and was associated with increased use of reversible (P = .001) and dual contraception (P = .03) but not LARC (P = .24). The mean PRI among all participants was 4.75. Nearly three-quarters (73%) had a medical comorbidity or teratogenic exposure. Those with teratogenic medication use had the lowest PRI of 0.32 (P < .05), with 88% using reversible contraception and 31% using LARC.

CONCLUSIONS

Hospitalized female adolescents had a PRI similar to that of adolescents in the general population. However, nearly three-quarters had a medical comorbidity and/or teratogenic exposure, which increased risk for pregnancy complications. Contraceptive counseling was associated with increased reversible and dual contraception use but not LARC use. Efforts to improve comprehensive contraceptive counseling, highlighting LARC, are critically needed in this population.
Role of Texting as a Source of Cognitive Burden in a Pediatric Cardiovascular ICU
Authors: Han Brian , Gal Dana B. , Mafla Monica , Sacks Loren D. , Singh Amit T. , Shin Andrew Y.
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES

To characterize frontline provider perception of clinical text messaging and quantify clinical texting data in a pediatric cardiovascular ICU (CICU).

METHODS

This is a mixed-methods, retrospective single center study. A survey of frontline CICU providers (pediatric fellows, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) was conducted to assess attitudes characterizing text messaging on cognitive burden. Text messaging data were abstracted and quantified between January 29, 2020, and April 18, 2020, and the patterns of text messages were analyzed per shift and by provider.

RESULTS

The survey was completed by 33 of 39 providers (85%). Out of responders, 78% indicated that clinical text messaging frequently or very frequently disrupts critical thinking and workflow. They also felt that the burden of messages was worse during the night shift. Through abstraction, 31 926 text messages were identified. A median of 15 (interquartile range: 12–19) messages per hour were received. A median of 5 messages were received per hour per provider during the day shift and 6 during the night shift. From the entire study period, there were total 2 hours of high-frequency texting (≥15 texts per hour) during the day shift and 68 hours during the night shift.

CONCLUSION

In our study, providers in the CICU received a large number of texts with a disproportionate burden during the night shift. Text messages are a potential source of cognitive overload for providers. Optimization of text messaging may be needed to mitigate cognitive burden for frontline providers.
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: Rich Barrie S. , Dolgin Stephen E.
Published: October 2021

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a common condition seen in the first 1 to 3 months after birth. Patients typically present with nonbilious projectile emesis after feeds that may result in hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. Although inability to tolerate feeds is frequently seen with self-limited conditions such as reflux, a low threshold to obtain an ultrasonographic image is important to prevent a delay in diagnosis. Although operative intervention is the treatment, it is imperative that patients are hydrated and serum electrolyte concentrations normalized before the induction of anesthesia. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy is safe and effective. Postoperative emesis is normal, and reassurance to parents is appropriate. There is no significant long-term physiologic impairment from pyloric stenosis after successful surgical intervention.
Relationship between plasma concentrations of estradiol-17β and progesterone and the distribution of epithelial and inflammatory cells in the external opening of the river buffaloes’ uterine cervix during the gestational period
Authors: Goli M. , Ayen E. , Hassanzadeh S. , Khadem Anssari M. H.
Published: October 2021

Changes in the distribution of the epithelial and inflammatory cells in the external opening of the uterine cervix in river buffaloes at three different occasions during the gestation period were investigated by light microscopic evaluation of mucus smears prepared by wet swab sampling and Giemsa-stained. Forty five pregnant river buffaloes that were in the first (n=15), second (n=15) and third (n=15) approximately equal parts of their gestation period were sampled twice concurrently by individual wet swabs from the external opening of the uterine cervix. Five smears were prepared from each sample. Immediately after mucus sampling, blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein of each animal, centrifuged immediately and stored at -20 oC to assay the plasma levels of estradiol-17β and progesterone. The results showed that changes in the percentage of the vacuolated and non-vacuolated epithelial cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were not statistically significant between the groups, which suggests that as the pregnancy progressed, changes in the blood levels of estradiol-17β and progesterone had little or no effect on the distribution of these cells in the region, but changes in the percentage of neutrophils were statistically significant between the groups. It was also found that changes in the percentage of macrophages between the second and third trimesters of the gestation period were not significant, but the difference between the first and the other trimesters was statistically significant. It was concluded that the percentages of neutrophils and macrophages increase significantly as the plasma concentrations of progesterone decrease during the gestation.
Balance Model of COVID-19 Epidemic Based on Percentage Growth Rate
Authors: Zakharov Victor , Balykina Yulia
Published: October 2021

The paper examines the possibility of using an alternative approach to predicting statistical indicators of a new COVID-19 virus type epidemic. A systematic review of models for predicting epidemics of new infections in foreign and Russian literature is presented. The accuracy of the SIR model for the spring 2020 wave of COVID-19 epidemic forecast in Russia is analyzed. As an alternative to modeling the epidemic spread using the SIR model, a new CIR discrete stochastic model is proposed based on the balance of the epidemic indicators at the current and past time points. The new model describes the dynamics of the total number of cases (C), the total number of recoveries and deaths (R), and the number of active cases (I). The system parameters are the percentage increase in the C(t) value and the characteristic of the dynamic balance of the epidemiological process, first introduced in this paper. The principle of the dynamic balance of epidemiological process assumes that any process has the property of similarity between the value of the total number of cases in the past and the value of the total number of recoveries and deaths at present. To calculate the values of the dynamic balance characteristic, an integer linear programming problem is used. In general, the dynamic characteristic of the epidemiological process is not constant. An epidemiological process the dynamic characteristic of which is not constant is called non-stationary. To construct mid-term forecasts of indicators of the epidemiological process at intervals of stationarity of the epidemiological process, a special algorithm has been developed. The question of using this algorithm on the intervals of stationarity and non-stationarity is being examined. Examples of the CIR model application for making forecasts of the considered indicators for the epidemic in Russia in May-June 2020 are given.
Approach for the COVID-19 Epidemic Source Localization in Russia Based on Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Osipov Vasiliy , Kuleshov Sergey , Zaytseva Alexandra , Aksenov Alexey
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the results of statistical data from open sources on the development of the COVID-19 epidemic processing and a study сarried out to determine the place and time of its beginning in Russia. An overview of the existing models of the processes of the epidemic development and methods for solving direct and inverse problems of its analysis is given. A model for the development of the COVID-19 epidemic via a transport network of nine Russian cities is proposed: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Khabarovsk and Vladivostok. The cities are selected both by geographic location and by the number of population. The model consists of twenty seven differential equations. An algorithm for reverse analysis of the epidemic model has been developed. The initial data for solving the problem were the data on the population, the intensity of process transitions from one state to another, as well as data on the infection rate of the population at given time moments. The paper also provides the results of a detailed analysis of the solution approaches to modeling the development of epidemics by type of model (basic SEIR model, SIRD model, adaptive behavioral model, modified SEIR models), and by country (in Poland, France, Spain, Greece and others) and an overview of the applications that can be solved using epidemic spread modeling. Additional environmental parameters that affect the modeling of the spread of epidemics and can be taken into account to improve the accuracy of the results are considered. Based on the results of the modeling, the most likely source cities of the epidemic beginning in Russia, as well as the moment of its beginning, have been identified. The reliability of the estimates obtained is largely determined by the reliability of the statistics used on the development of COVID-19 and the available data on transportation network, which are in the public domain.
Highly-sensitive Refractometer Based on a D-shaped Fiber Bragg Grating Integrated into A Loop-mirror Optical Fiber Laser
Authors: Pham Thanh Binh , Nguyen Thuy Van , Pham Van Hoi , Bui Huy , Hoang Thi Hong Cam , Do Thuy Chi , Nguyen Anh Tuan
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we report a new type of refractometer based on a D-shaped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) integrated in a loop-mirror optical fiber laser. This proposed sensor is used in wavelength interrogation method, in which the D-shaped FBG is applied as a refractive index (RI) sensing probe and a mirror to select mode of laser. The D-shaped FBG is prepared by the removal of a portion of the fiber cladding covering the FBG by means of side-polishing technique. The D-shaped FBG sensing probe integrated in a loop-mirror optical fiber laser with saturated pump technique, the characteristics of sensing signals have been improved to obtain stable intensity, narrower bandwidth and higher optical signal-to-noise ratio compare to normal reflection configuration. The limit of detection (LOD) of this sensor can be achieved to 2.95 x 10-4 RIU in the refractive index (RI) range of 1.42-1.44. Accordingly, we believe that the proposed refractometer has a huge potential for applications in biochemical-sensing technique.
Reconocimiento de Saberes Tradicionales en Salud. Andes, Antioquia 2019: Aproximación Cualitativa
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Jaramillo Delgado Gonzalo Hernando , Agudelo Arias Mariana , Jaramillo Vargas Juliana , Moreno Villa Francia Elena
Published: October 2021

Introducción: revalorizar y resignificar la identidad de los saberes tradicionales en salud es retador, en una cultura mediada por la industrialización, perviviendo con un pasado histórico, patrimonial cultural y simbólico, desde una identidad mixturada que se conjuga en un sincretismo territorial, que persiste a través de huellas físicas y culturales de tradiciones mágico religiosas. Objetivo: reconocer las particularidades etnográficas de los agentes portadores de saberes populares en salud que les permite afianzar sus prácticas en el municipio de Andes- Antioquia. Y resignificar estas prácticas para recuperar sus entornos identitarios y rituales simbólicos, en la configuración de su identidad como cuerpo orgánico en los espacios sociales. Metodología: investigación cualitativa, de tipo descriptivo, con perspectiva etnográfica (microetnográfica), sistematizada a través de entrevistas a profundidad acompañadas de registros fotográficos y observaciones participantes. Resultados: se reconocen 48 agentes sociales entre 30 y 70 años, la mayoría asentados en la ruralidad. Entre ellos: sobanderos con secreto, sobanderos con dolor o componedores, hierbateros y rezanderos. Se reconoce su identidad diversa desde una emergencia mágica religiosa y se exponen las características de sus saberes heredados, en una ritualidad envolvente que los recrea y vitaliza en los espacios sociales. Discusión: se analizan los resultados en el marco del espacio social, multidimensional y complejo, a través de sus tres elementos: estructuras sociales, relaciones sociales y formas espaciales. Conclusiones: las formas espaciales trasladan el simbolismo al espacio social físico con características que afianzan el ejercicio de su saber y su identidad. La brecha entre los conocimientos occidentales y los saberes tradicionales se cierra cada vez más por la fuerza de sus realidades en la vida cotidiana, de una sociedad globalizada.
Conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas, temor y estrés ante el Covid-19 en estudiantes y recién egresados de Enfermería en Colombia
Authors:   Facultad de Enfermería Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carreño Moreno Sonia Patricia , Chaparro Díaz Lorena , Cifuentes Tinjaca Cristian David , Perilla Portilla Freddy Elías , Viancha Patiño Erika Ximena
Published: October 2021

Introducción: La pandemia por Covid-19 ha tenido una afectación de la salud emocional del recurso humano en salud, a pesar de contar con conocimientos sobre el virus y su manejo, el personal sanitario entre el que está Enfermería, presenta estrés y temor ante el Covid-19. Objetivo. Describir y correlacionar el nivel de temor, estrés, conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas frente al Covid-19 en estudiantes y recién egresados de Enfermería en Colombia. Método. Se realizó un estudio observacional de carácter transversal y analítico en Colombia entre octubre y noviembre de 2020. Los instrumentos de temor, estrés y conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas ante el Covid-19 fueron respondidos en línea por 1621 estudiantes y recién egresados de Enfermería. Resultados. Se observó una media de temor de 20.69 ± 6.1 puntos, una media de estrés de 89.15 ± 29.5 puntos y frecuencias relativas superiores al 80% para los conocimientos actitudes y prácticas ante el Covid-19. Correlaciones directas fueron observadas entre los conocimientos y actitudes y a su vez, las actitudes con las prácticas. El temor se correlacionó de forma inversa con los conocimientos y de forma directa con el estrés ante el Covid-19. Conclusión. Se observa un adecuado nivel cognitivo en los estudiantes y recién egresados de enfermería, pero una deficiencia emocional frente al Covid-19, en términos de estrés y temor. Es necesario establecer estrategias de soporte en salud mental para esta población clave en el control actual y futuro de situaciones de crisis en salud.
REFLECTIONS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON PAY-PERFORMANCE SENSITIVITY: A NEW PERSPECTIVE
Authors: IGLESIAS THAYLA M. G. , SILVA TAÍS D. , JESUKA DUTERVAL , PEIXOTO FERNANDA M.
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose: This research investigates whether the characteristics of corporate governance (executive compensation, board composition, ownership structure, and control) influence the sensitivity of remuneration to firms’ performance, the so-called pay-performance sensitivity. Originality/value: This study brings to the literature a new perspective on the interaction of corporate governance mechanisms aligned with the concept of pay-performance sensitivity. The study shows that governance instruments are not isolated but rather interrelated and interdependent. Design/methodology/approach: The study sample was composed of Brazil 100 Index (IBRX 100) companies listed on B3 from 2014 to 2018. Data were extracted from the Economatica® database, and the reference forms were accessed on the Securities and Exchange Commission of Brazil’s (CVM) website. We use panel data regression models with fixed and random-effects models. Findings: The board composition (represented by the CEO/Chairman duality) increases the pay-performance sensitivity, while the ownership concentration reduces it. In addition, a greater presence of independent members on the board reduces the variation in executive compensation.
Percepção dos pais sobre as práticas de educação em saúde na Unidade Neonatal
Authors: Rosa Nisa Rubina Pereira Souto , Curado Maria Alice dos Santos , Henriques Maria Adriana Pereira
Published: October 2021

Resumo Objetivo analisar a percepção dos pais sobre as práticas de educação em saúde desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros na Unidade Neonatal que facilitaram a aquisição de competências parentais para uma tomada de decisão fundamentada. Método estudo exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 13 pais com filhos internados, pela primeira vez, em uma Unidade Neonatal portuguesa. Os dados foram colhidos entre fevereiro e agosto de 2020, por meio de grupos focais, processados no software Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionneires, através da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente e da Análise de Similitude. Resultados da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, emergiram quatro classes: “Necessidades de informação”, “Lacunas na informação”, “Disponibilidade para informar”; “Práticas facilitadoras da educação em saúde”. Conclusão e implicações para a prática os pais consideraram como práticas facilitadoras da educação em saúde a tecnologia digital aliada à disponibilidade dos enfermeiros para informar e explicar, bem como propiciar um ambiente empático e informal. Tal resultado pode subsidiar o desenvolvimento de intervenções de enfermagem de educação em saúde para pais na Unidade Neonatal, com recurso à tecnologia digital.
Analysis of a new SEPIC AC–DC PFC converter for light emitting diode applications
Authors: Onal Yasemin
Published: October 2021

Active power factor correction (PFC) converters are used to increase the power factor and improve the total harmonic distortion as a result of reducing the harmonics in the current. In this paper, a new bridgeless single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) topology used in light emitting diode (LED) load is proposed to obtain near-unity power factor. By eliminating the input bridge in the bridge PFC converter, the total harmonics distortion is improved and a lower cost is obtained. The reactive power control is used to generate the reference current signal in the proposed converter to control the LED current. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed topology and to compare its performance with the bridge SEPIC topology, PSIM circuit simulation was used, and an experimental prototype was performed. In the experimental study, 25 Vrms input voltage was applied, and 10 V DC voltage was obtained at the output. Using the proposed converter, the total harmonic distortion value was reduced from 5.722% to 1.837%, and the power factor was increased to 0.999. The experimental and simulation results showed that the total harmonic distortion value of the input current improved and that the proposed SEPIC PFC converter for low-power circuits, particularly in LED applications, is a very good option.
Study on the combination measurement of rockfall embankments and rock shed on steep slopes
Authors: Liu Qi , Liu Xian-Feng , Huang Wei , Tan Wei , Wang Tong , Yuan Sheng-Yang , He Peng
Published: October 2021

With the widespread construction of railways, many mountainous single-line railway yards need to be expanded, and existing protection measures against rockfall are inadequate to protect stations and other infrastructure following expansion. Based on the actual engineering background, in this paper the movement trajectory of falling rocks on a high and steep slope is simulated using RocFall software, and the bouncing height, movement speed and impact energy of falling rocks are derived. According to the numerical simulation results, the rockfall protection measure of rockfall drapery systems plus the combination of rockfall embankments and rock sheds is proposed. The structure of a rockfall embankment–rock shed is a new type of combined protection measure, in which the rockfall embankments are built on top, with the existing rock shed or new portal foundation and top plate working as the lower foundation. This study shows that this new combination structure can resist the impact of falling rocks with a high factor of safety; the effective interception height of rockfall embankments is increased and the problem of rockfall crossing is solved with the construction of rockfall embankments on top of a rock shed or portal foundation.
Delayed Kinetics of IgG, but Not IgA, Antispike Antibodies in Transplant Recipients following SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Cravedi Paolo , Ahearn Patrick , Wang Lin , Yalamarti Tanuja , Hartzell Susan , Azzi Yorg , Menon Madhav C. , Jain Aditya , Billah Marzuq , Fernandez-Vina Marcelo , Gebel Howard M. , Woodle E. Steve , Haddad Natalie S. , Morrison-Porter Andrea , Lee F. Eun-Hyung , Sanz Ignacio , Akalin Enver , Girnita Alin , Maltzman Jonathan S.
Published: October 2021

Significance Statement

Analyses of the incidence, relative kinetics, and spectrum of anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in kidney transplant recipients are not as detailed as they are for immunocompetent controls. In this multicenter, cross-sectional study of 49 kidney transplant recipients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, we found that anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgG production is delayed but that IgM and IgA responses are similar compared with those observed in immunocompetent controls. Therefore, antiviral humoral immunity is delayed but preserved in kidney transplant recipients. This finding is important in understanding the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in patients on chronic immunosuppression and may provide insights into devising strategies to monitor antibody responses to infection and vaccination.

Background

Kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk of severe outcomes during COVID-19. Antibodies against the virus are thought to offer protection, but a thorough characterization of anti–SARS-CoV-2 immune globulin isotypes in kidney transplant recipients following SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been reported.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study of 49 kidney transplant recipients and 42 immunocompetent controls at early (≤14 days) or late (>14 days) time points after documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using a validated semiquantitative Luminex-based multiplex assay, we determined the abundances of IgM, IgG, IgG1–4, and IgA antibodies against five distinct viral epitopes.

Results

Kidney transplant recipients showed lower levels of total IgG antitrimeric spike (S), S1, S2, and receptor binding domain (RBD) but not nucleocapsid (NC) at early versus late time points after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Early levels of IgG antispike protein epitopes were also lower than in immunocompetent controls. Anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were predominantly IgG1 and IgG3, with modest class switching to IgG2 or IgG4 in either cohort. Later levels of IgG antispike, S1, S2, RBD, and NC did not significantly differ between cohorts. There was no significant difference in the kinetics of either IgM or IgA antispike, S1, RBD, or S2 on the basis of timing after diagnosis or transplant status.

Conclusions

Kidney transplant recipients mount early anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgM responses, whereas IgG responses are delayed compared with immunocompetent individuals. These findings might explain the poor outcomes in transplant recipients with COVID-19.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast athttps://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/JASN/2021_11_23_briggsgriffin112321.mp3