bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling an Association between Waterpipe Smoking and Bladder Cancer Risk: A Multicenter Case–Control Study in Iran
Authors: Hadji Maryam , Rashidian Hamideh , Marzban Maryam , Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza , Bakhshi Mahdieh , Nejatizadeh Azim , Seyyedsalehi Monireh Sadat , Naghibzadeh-Tahami Ahmad , Haghdoost AliAkbar , Mohebbi Elham , Freedman Neal D. , Malekzadeh Reza , Etemadi Arash , Kamangar Farin , Weiderpass Elisabete , Pukkala Eero , Boffetta Paolo , Zendehdel Kazem
Published: January 2024

Background:

Limited data exist for the association between bladder cancers and waterpipe smoking, an emerging global public health concern.

Methods:

We used the IROPICAN database in Iran and used multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for cigarette smoking, opium use, and other confounding factors. In addition, we studied the association between exclusive waterpipe smoking and bladder cancer.

Results:

We analyzed 717 cases and 3,477 controls and a subset of 215 patients and 2,145 controls who did not use opium or cigarettes. Although the OR adjusted for opium, cigarettes, and other tobacco products was 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69–1.20], we observed a statistically significant elevated risk in exclusive waterpipe smokers (OR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.16–2.72) compared with non-users of opium or any tobacco. Associations were strongest for smoking more than two heads/day (OR = 2.25; 95% CI, 1.21–4.18) and for initiating waterpipe smoking at an age less than 20 (OR = 2.73; 95% CI, 1.11–6.72). The OR for urothelial bladder cancer was higher in ex-smokers (OR = 2.35; 95% CI, 1.24–4.42) than in current smokers (OR = 1.52; 95% CI, 0.72–3.15). All observed associations were consistently higher for urothelial histology.

Conclusions:

Waterpipe smoking may be associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, notably among individuals who are not exposed to cigarette smoking and opium.

Impact:

The study provides compelling evidence that waterpipe smoking is a confirmed human carcinogen, demanding action from policymakers.

See related In the Spotlight, p. 461
An Immune Gene Expression Risk Score for Distant Metastases after Radiotherapy for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Lukovic Jelena , Pintilie Melania , Han Kathy , Fyles Anthony W. , Bruce Jeffrey P. , Quevedo Rene , Pugh Trevor J. , Fjeldbo Christina S. , Lyng Heidi , Milosevic Michael F.
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

To develop an immune-based gene expression risk score to identify patients with cervical cancer at increased risk of distant metastases (DM).

Experimental Design:

Tumor biopsies were obtained from 81 patients prior to chemoradiotherapy. Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing was performed (Illumina NextSeq500). Beginning with 4,723 immune-related genes, a 55-gene risk score for DM was derived using Cox modeling and principal component analysis. It was validated in independent cohorts of 274 patients treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital (NRH) and 206 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Results:

The risk score was predictive of DM (HR, 2.7; P < 0.0001) and lower cause-specific survival (CSS) by univariate analysis (HR, 2.0; P = 0.0003) and multivariate analysis adjusted for clinical factors (DM HR, 3.0; P < 0.0001; CSS HR, 2.2; P = 0.0004). The risk score predicted DM (HR, 1.4; P = 0.05) and CSS (HR, 1.48; P = 0.013) in the NRH cohort and CSS (HR, 1.4; P = 0.03) in TCGA cohort. Higher risk scores were associated with lower CIBERSORT estimates of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including CD8 T cells and M1 and M2 macrophages (all P < 0.001). Higher risk scores were associated with lower expression (all P < 0.001) of important chemokines (CXCL12, CXCR4), IFN-regulated genes (IRF1, STAT1, IDO1), and immune checkpoint regulators (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4).

Conclusions:

The immune metastatic risk score addresses important challenges in the treatment of cervical cancer—identifying patients at high risk of DM after radiotherapy. The findings of this study indicate that high tumor mutational burden and a “cold,” immune-excluded tumor microenvironment influence distant metastatic recurrence. Further validation of the risk score is needed.
Supplementary Table 1 from Experiences of Family Communication and Cascade Genetic Testing for Hereditary Cancer in Medically Underserved Populations—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bednar Erica M. , Rauh-Hain J. Alejandro , Garcia Jose J. , de Aguinaga Norma , Powell Mary Anne , Peral Sylvia L. , Nitecki Roni , Jorgensen Kirsten , Rudy Natasha L. , Lu Karen H. , Leath Charles A. , Scarinci Isabel C.
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table 1: Interview Quotes
Supplementary Table 2 from Early-onset Colon Cancer Shows a Distinct Intestinal Microbiome and a Host–Microbe Interaction
Authors: Adnan Darbaz , Trinh Jonathan Q. , Sharma Deepak , Alsayid Muhammad , Bishehsari Faraz
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table 2: DNA extraction methods per study in the CuratedMetagenomeData cohorts.
Supplementary Table 1 from Early-onset Colon Cancer Shows a Distinct Intestinal Microbiome and a Host–Microbe Interaction
Authors: Adnan Darbaz , Trinh Jonathan Q. , Sharma Deepak , Alsayid Muhammad , Bishehsari Faraz
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table 1: Number of taxa reads per study.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Early-onset Colon Cancer Shows a Distinct Intestinal Microbiome and a Host–Microbe Interaction
Authors: Adnan Darbaz , Trinh Jonathan Q. , Sharma Deepak , Alsayid Muhammad , Bishehsari Faraz
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Figure 1: Fecal microbiome composition variations across disease statuses by (A) study name, and (B) geographical regions (country). Covariates explaining the variation in the microbiome in cohorts (C) showing that country had the highest explanatory power.
Data from Early-onset Colon Cancer Shows a Distinct Intestinal Microbiome and a Host–Microbe Interaction
Authors: Adnan Darbaz , Trinh Jonathan Q. , Sharma Deepak , Alsayid Muhammad , Bishehsari Faraz
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The incidence rate of colorectal cancer in younger adults has been rising in developed countries. This trend may be attributed to environmental exposures as a result of lifestyle changes. Many of the lifestyle factors that promote colorectal cancer can also affect the gut microbiome, which may be associated with colorectal cancer risks. The role of the microbiome in the ongoing rise of early-onset colorectal cancer is unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate age-related differences in the gut microbiome of patients with colorectal cancer and healthy individuals by examining both the fecal and tumor microbiomes. We utilized the publicly accessible data on fecal shotgun metagenomics from CuratedMetagenomeData and TCGA via the GDC Data Portal. Comparison of 701 colorectal cancer and 693 controls revealed that microbial features were age dependent, with a significant difference in species enrichment between early-onset (<50 years) and late-onset (>65 years) patients with colorectal cancer. Analysis of the tumor-associated microbiome in a separate dataset of 85 patients with colorectal cancer verified age-specific differences in taxon abundance between early- and late-onset patients with colorectal cancer. Finally, using host gene expression data, we found a stronger microbe–host interaction in early- vs. late-onset colorectal cancers. Altogether, these findings indicate that microbial features were age-dependent with stronger microbial–host interactions at the tumor site in early-onset colorectal cancers, suggesting a direct role of microbes in tumorigenesis via interaction with cancer-related pathways in this age group.
Prevention Relevance:
Early-onset colorectal cancer is on the rise, presumably because of changes in environmental exposures. Lifestyle changes may contribute to colorectal cancer via alterations in gut microbes. Here, we show that microbial association with colorectal cancer is age-dependent, and microbe interactions with tumor pathways are stronger in young versus older colorectal cancers.
Data from Experiences of Family Communication and Cascade Genetic Testing for Hereditary Cancer in Medically Underserved Populations—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bednar Erica M. , Rauh-Hain J. Alejandro , Garcia Jose J. , de Aguinaga Norma , Powell Mary Anne , Peral Sylvia L. , Nitecki Roni , Jorgensen Kirsten , Rudy Natasha L. , Lu Karen H. , Leath Charles A. , Scarinci Isabel C.
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We sought to explore the intrafamilial communication and cascade genetic testing (CGT) experiences of patients with hereditary cancer from diverse, medically underserved populations and their relatives. Participants included patients receiving oncology care at an urban, safety net hospital in Texas or comprehensive cancer center in Alabama and their first-degree relatives. In-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews were completed wherein patients shared their experiences with genetic counseling (GC), genetic testing (GT), and communicating their results to relatives. Relatives shared their experiences receiving information from the patient and considering CGT. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and themes were identified. Of 25 participating patients, most recalled key aspects of GC and their GT results. Most (80%) patients shared their results with relatives, but only some relatives underwent CGT; patients reported low perceived susceptibility to hereditary cancer as a common barrier to CGT for their relatives. Of 16 participating relatives, most reported feeling distress upon learning the patient's GT results. Relatives were fearful of learning their own CGT results but identified prevention and early detection as CGT benefits. Interviews identified opportunities during family communication to improve relatives’ perceived susceptibility to hereditary cancer. Tailored resources may support patients and relatives experiencing distress and fear during GT.
Prevention Relevance:
This study of intrafamilial communication and cascade genetic testing experiences of patients with hereditary cancer and their relatives from diverse, medically underserved populations identified relatives’ perceived susceptibility to hereditary cancer risks, distress, and fear as frequent reactions and barriers to testing. These results may inform future hereditary cancer prevention efforts.
Supplementary Table 12 from A Randomized Phase III Study of Arfolitixorin versus Leucovorin with 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Bevacizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The AGENT Trial
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Yoshino Takayuki , Stintzing Sebastian , de Gramont Aimery , Gibbs Peter , Jonker Derek J. , Nygren Peter , Papadimitriou Christos , Prager Gerald W. , Tell Roger , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table 12. Adverse Events of Special Interest
FIGURE 2 from A Randomized Phase III Study of Arfolitixorin versus Leucovorin with 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Bevacizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The AGENT Trial
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Yoshino Takayuki , Stintzing Sebastian , de Gramont Aimery , Gibbs Peter , Jonker Derek J. , Nygren Peter , Papadimitriou Christos , Prager Gerald W. , Tell Roger , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: January 2024

Gene expression across responses categories and treatments. Dots represent outliers. CR, complete response; NE, non-evaluable; PR, partial response; PD, progressive disease; SD, stable disease.
FIGURE 1 from A Randomized Phase III Study of Arfolitixorin versus Leucovorin with 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Bevacizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The AGENT Trial
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Yoshino Takayuki , Stintzing Sebastian , de Gramont Aimery , Gibbs Peter , Jonker Derek J. , Nygren Peter , Papadimitriou Christos , Prager Gerald W. , Tell Roger , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: January 2024

Patient disposition.
Data from A Randomized Phase III Study of Arfolitixorin versus Leucovorin with 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Bevacizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The AGENT Trial
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Yoshino Takayuki , Stintzing Sebastian , de Gramont Aimery , Gibbs Peter , Jonker Derek J. , Nygren Peter , Papadimitriou Christos , Prager Gerald W. , Tell Roger , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurpose:
Suboptimal treatment outcomes with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folate, the standard of care for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), have generated interest in optimizing the folate. Arfolitixorin ([6R]-5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate) is an immediately active folate and may improve outcomes over the existing standard of care (leucovorin).
Experimental Design:
AGENT was a randomized, phase III study (NCT03750786). Patients with mCRC were randomized to arfolitixorin (120 mg/m2 given as two intravenous bolus doses of 60 mg/m2) or leucovorin (400 mg/m2 given as a single intravenous infusion) plus 5-FU, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab. Assessments were performed every 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the superiority of arfolitixorin for overall response rate (ORR).
Results:
Between February 2019 and April 2021, 490 patients were randomized (245 to each arm). After a median follow-up of 266 days, the primary endpoint of superiority for ORR was not achieved (48.2% for arfolitixorin vs. 49.4% for leucovorin, Psuperiority = 0.57). Outcomes were not achieved for median progression-free survival (PFS; 12.8 and 11.6 months, P = 0.38), median duration of response (12.2 and 12.9 months, P = 0.40), and median overall survival (23.8 and 28.0 months, P = 0.78). The proportion of patients with an adverse event of grade ≥3 severity was similar between arms (68.7% and 67.2%, respectively), as was quality of life. BRAF mutations and MTHFD2 expression were both associated with a lower PFS with arfolitixorin.
Conclusions:
The study failed to demonstrate clinical benefit of arfolitixorin (120 mg/m2) over leucovorin. However, it provides some useful insights from the first-line treatment setting, including the effect of gene expression on outcomes.
Significance:
This phase III study compared arfolitixorin, a direct-acting folate, with leucovorin in FOLFOX plus bevacizumab in mCRC. Arfolitixorin (120 mg/m2) did not improve the ORR, potentially indicating a suboptimal dose.
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Third Ventricular Colloid Cysts: A Retrospective Study
Authors: El-Shehaby Amr M.N. , Reda Wael A. , Abdel Karim Khaled M. , Nabeel Ahmed M. , Emad Eldin Reem M. , Tawadros Sameh R.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Colloid cysts often occur in the third ventricle, and they are considered benign, slowly growing lesions. They commonly present with symptoms of intracranial hypertension and rarely sudden death due to acute hydrocephalus. The management options include cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedure by shunt, endoscopic or transcranial surgical excision, and stereotactic aspiration. Complications associated with excisional procedures make them undesirable to some patients. Stereotactic radiosurgery has emerged as a noninvasive less risky treatment option. To date, there is no clinical series in the literature reporting on this treatment modality. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy and safety of gamma knife (GK) radiosurgery in the treatment of third ventricular colloid cysts. Methods: This is a retrospective study involving 13 patients with third ventricular colloid cysts who underwent GK radiosurgery. GK radiosurgery was used as a primary treatment in all the patients. The median prescription dose was 12 Gy (11–12 Gy). The cyst volumes ranged from 0.2 to 10 cc (median 1.6 cc). Results: The median follow-up was 50 months (18–108 months). Cyst control was achieved in 100% of the patients. Complete or partial response was observed in 12 patients (92%). Eight patients (62%) had hydrocephalus on imaging at the initial diagnosis. Seven of these patients had VP shunt insertion before GK. One patient required shunt insertion after GK. Conclusion: GK for third ventricular colloid cysts is a promising treatment, regarding its efficacy and safety, to be added to other treatment options. A longer follow-up is required to confirm long-term control.
Isolated Myeloid Sarcoma Masquerading as Scattered Abscesses in a Septic Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Nelson Nicholas , Masih Durva , Sabri Ahmed , Monika Fnu , Mirza Muazzam
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is also known as chloroma, extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia (AML), or granulocytic sarcoma. MS is a rare extramedullary infiltration of myeloid cells, most commonly collecting in the skin and causing a small number of localized lesions. It is strongly associated with AML; however, MS more commonly occurs after diagnosis of AML is previously established or after previous treatment of AML. Case Presentation: This case describes a patient with an atypical presentation of MS with no known history of AML and up to 18 lesions identified on CT scan that were previously being monitored for months by her primary care physician. She presented with sepsis attributed to choledocholithiasis versus bacteremia from scattered abscesses versus osteomyelitis of her left knee; nonetheless, lactic acid failed to improve after common bile duct stent with biliary sphincterotomy/dilation or with incision and drainage and empiric antibiotics. Core needle biopsy of her left abdominal sidewall was eventually positive for MS, but she unfortunately developed multiorgan failure with symptomatic hypercalcemia refractory to treatment and ultimately decided to go to comfort care rather than pursue further workup and treatment. Although bone marrow biopsy was ultimately not performed to rule out synchronous AML, this is likely a case of isolated MS due to her scattered skin lesions being present for months prior to hospitalization and acute illness. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of maintaining MS in the differential diagnosis and the importance of early diagnostic core needle biopsy for patients with persistent skin lesions of unknown origin.
Schweres Asthma: Biologika verbessern die klinische Kontrolle
Authors: Gülsen Askin
Published: January 2024

Background: Asthma is a chronic airway disease, affecting over 300 million people worldwide. 5–10% of patients suffer from severe asthma and account for 50% of asthma-related financial burden. Availability of real-life data about the clinical course of severe asthma is insufficient. Objectives: The aims of this study were to characterize patients with severe asthma in Switzerland, enrolled in the Swiss Severe Asthma Registry (SSAR), and evaluate predictors for asthma control. Method: A descriptive characterisation of 278 patients was performed, who were prospectively enrolled in the registry until January 2022. Socio-demographic variables, comorbidities, diagnostic values, asthma treatment, and healthcare utilisation were evaluated. Groups of controlled and uncontrolled asthma according to the asthma control test were compared. Results: Forty-eight percent of patients were female and the mean age was 55.8 years (range 13–87). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.4 kg/m2 (±6). 10.8% of patients were current smokers. Allergic comorbidities occurred in 54.3% of patients, followed by chronic rhinosinusitis (46.4%) and nasal polyps (34.1%). According to the ACT score, 54.7% had well controlled, 16.2% partly controlled and 25.9% uncontrolled asthma. The most common inhalation therapy was combined inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting β2-agonists (78.8%). Biologics were administered to 81.7% of patients and 19.1% received oral steroids. The multivariable analysis indicated that treatment with biologics was positively associated with asthma control whereas higher BMI, oral steroids, exacerbations, and COPD were negative predictors for asthma control.
Evaluating Sex Differences in the Characteristics and Outcomes of Lupus Nephritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mahmood Salman B. , Aziz Muhammad , Malepati Deepthi , Lee-Smith Wade , Clark Justin , Brearley Ann , Nachman Patrick H.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: More frequent and severe lupus nephritis (LN) has been reported in men compared to women, but data are limited and inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis of the literature to compare the histopathologic findings and outcomes between men and women with biopsy-proven LN. Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases was conducted through February 2021. Clinical information was extracted and synthesized from 25 studies that met inclusion criteria (1,210 men and 6,635 women). Pooled odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated via meta-analysis, and meta-regression was performed to assess the impact of several covariates, both using random-effects models. Results: Twenty studies reported kidney histopathology, eleven reported kidney outcomes, and eight reported mortality rates. Men had greater odds of class IV ± V LN (OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.01–1.56), and the composite of end-stage kidney disease, persistent eGFR <15 mL/min or doubling of serum creatinine (OR 2.20, 95% CI: 1.59–3.06), and lower odds of complete remission (OR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.39–0.68). Mortality was not statistically significantly different between sexes (OR 1.50, 95% CI: 0.92–2.46). Meta-regression did not reveal statistically significant study-level relationships between sex differences in any of the covariates that could account for the greater odds of worse kidney outcome in males. Conclusion: Our analysis confirms the association between male sex and increased severity of LN as well as worse kidney outcomes. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate this association and inform treatment strategies adapted to this population.
Protocolized Natriuresis-Guided Decongestion Improves Diuretic Response: The Multicenter ENACT-HF Study
Authors: Dauw Jeroen , Charaya Kristina , Lelonek Małgorzata , Zegri-Reiriz Isabel , Nasr Samer , Paredes-Paucar Cynthia P. , Borbély Attila , Erdal Fatih , Benkouar Riad , Cobo-Marcos Marta , Barge-Caballero Gonzalo , George Varghese , Zara Cornelia , Ross Noel T. , Barker Diane , Lekhakul Annop , Frea Simone , Ghazi Azmee M. , Knappe Dorit , Doghmi Nawal , Klincheva Milka , Fialho Inês , Bovolo Virginia , Findeisen Hajo , Alhaddad Imad A. , Galluzzo Alessandro , de la Espriella Rafael , Tabbalat Ramzi , Miró Òscar , Singh Jagdeep S. , Nijst Petra , Dupont Matthias , Martens Pieter , Mullens Wilfried
Published: January 2024

Background:

The use of urinary sodium to guide diuretics in acute heart failure is recommended by experts and the most recent European Society of Cardiology guidelines. However, there are limited data to support this recommendation. The ENACT-HF study (Efficacy of a Standardized Diuretic Protocol in Acute Heart Failure) investigated the feasibility and efficacy of a standardized natriuresis-guided diuretic protocol in patients with acute heart failure and signs of volume overload.

Methods:

ENACT-HF was an international, multicenter, open-label, pragmatic, 2-phase study, comparing the current standard of care of each center with a standardized diuretic protocol, including urinary sodium to guide therapy. The primary end point was natriuresis after 1 day. Secondary end points included cumulative natriuresis and diuresis after 2 days of treatment, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality. All end points were adjusted for baseline differences between both treatment arms.

Results:

Four hundred one patients from 29 centers in 18 countries worldwide were included in the study. The natriuresis after 1 day was significantly higher in the protocol arm compared with the standard of care arm (282 versus 174 mmol; adjusted mean ratio, 1.64;
P
<0.001). After 2 days, the natriuresis remained higher in the protocol arm (538 versus 365 mmol; adjusted mean ratio, 1.52;
P
<0.001), with a significantly higher diuresis (5776 versus 4381 mL; adjusted mean ratio, 1.33;
P
<0.001). The protocol arm had a shorter length of stay (5.8 versus 7.0 days; adjusted mean ratio, 0.87;
P
=0.036). In-hospital mortality was low and did not significantly differ between the 2 arms (1.4% versus 2.0%;
P
=0.852).

Conclusions:

A standardized natriuresis-guided diuretic protocol to guide decongestion in acute heart failure was feasible, safe, and resulted in higher natriuresis and diuresis, as well as a shorter length of stay.
Directional Endothelial Communication by Polarized Extracellular Vesicle Release
Authors: Raju Sneha , Botts Steven R. , Blaser Mark C. , Abdul-Samad Majed , Prajapati Kamalben , Khosraviani Negar , Ho Tse Wing Winnie , Breda Leandro C.D. , Ching Crizza , Galant Natalie J. , Fiddes Lindsey , Wu Ruilin , Clift Cassandra L. , Pham Tan , Lee Warren L. , Singh Sasha A. , Aikawa Elena , Fish Jason E. , Howe Kathryn L.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain bioactive cargo including miRNAs and proteins that are released by cells during cell-cell communication. Endothelial cells (ECs) form the innermost lining of all blood vessels, interfacing with cells in the circulation and vascular wall. It is unknown whether ECs release EVs capable of governing recipient cells within these 2 separate compartments. Given their boundary location, we propose ECs use bidirectional release of distinct EV cargo in quiescent (healthy) and activated (atheroprone) states to communicate with cells within the circulation and blood vessel wall.

METHODS:

EVs were isolated from primary human aortic ECs (plate and transwell grown; ±IL [interleukin]-1β activation), quantified, visualized, and analyzed by miRNA transcriptomics and proteomics. Apical and basolateral EC-EV release was determined by miRNA transfer, total internal reflection fluorescence and electron microscopy. Vascular reprogramming (RNA sequencing) and functional assays were performed on primary human monocytes or smooth muscle cells±EC-EVs.

RESULTS:

Activated ECs increased EV release, with miRNA and protein cargo related to atherosclerosis. EV-treated monocytes and smooth muscle cells revealed activated EC-EV altered pathways that were proinflammatory and atherogenic. ECs released more EVs apically, which increased with activation. Apical and basolateral EV cargo contained distinct transcriptomes and proteomes that were altered by EC activation. Notably, activated basolateral EC-EVs displayed greater changes in the EV secretome, with pathways specific to atherosclerosis. In silico analysis determined compartment-specific cargo released by the apical and basolateral surfaces of ECs can reprogram monocytes and smooth muscle cells, respectively, with functional assays and in vivo imaging supporting this concept.

CONCLUSIONS:

Demonstrating that ECs are capable of polarized EV cargo loading and directional EV secretion reveals a novel paradigm for endothelial communication, which may ultimately enhance the design of endothelial-based therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis where ECs are persistently activated.
τὰ ἅγια εἰς λόγον εὐλογιῶν: Laodicea Canon 14 in its Phrygian Context
Authors: Stewart Alistair C.
Published: January 2024

The 14th canon of Laodicea, forbidding the exchange of τὰ ἅγια εἰς λόγον εὐλογιῶν, has never received a satisfactory explanation. This article suggests that it may be legislating against a local paschal custom which has become suspect due to its practice by Montanist communities.
Sieroszewski, Poland, Sakha: Questions of Identity (Book Review: Kyunney Takasaeva (Künnej Takaahaj) (2020), “Jakuckie prace Wacława Sieroszewskiego i zmiany kulturowe narodu Sacha”, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo DiG)
Authors: Ewertowski Tomasz
Published: January 2024

The article presents the book entitled Jakuckie prace Wacława Sieroszewskiego i zmiany kulturowe narodu Sacha [Wacław Sieroszewski’s Yakut Works and the Sakha Nation’s Cultural Changes] by Kyunney Takasaeva (Künnej Takaahaj). This work combines two main threads: an analysis of Wacław Sieroszewski’s works, and reflections on the history, political situation, and cultural identity of the Sakha (Yakut) people. The article positions Takasaeva’s book within the field of identity studies.
Service in the Periphery of the Romanov Empire: Exile or Springboard for Customs Officials of the Administrative Authorities of Czarist Russia in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries?
Authors: Latawiec Krzysztof
Published: January 2024

Peter I, ruler of Russia, is regarded as the father of the modern administrative apparatus created in order to effectively administer the empire. The then introduced system of personnel selection and promotions became an inherent part of the practice applied during the reign of successive Romanovs until the end of the functioning of absolute rule in Russia. On the basis of preserved source materials of government origin, the fact of the service of customs officials on the borders of the empire was analyzed, as was its influence on appointments to positions within the central administrative authorities that managed the customs revenues of the Romanov Empire in the 19th and early 20th centuries. For some officials, the necessity of serving on the borders of the empire was only a stage in their civil service career, which ultimately ended in the offices operating in the capital city of St. Petersburg. However, many failed to find employment in the capital, pursuing their careers on the borders of the vast Romanov Empire.
Fluctuation of Magnetic Field in Magnetic Nano-Particles Thermometer
Authors: Cui Jiantao , Hua Zhanpeng , Zhou Xuan , Sun Yi , Hu Bin , Zhao Gaoli , Du Zhongzhou
Published: January 2024

In this study, some important factors have been identified for the fluctuation of the magnetic field over time, which provides a basis for improving the temperature measurement accuracy and long-term stability of the magnetic nanoparticles thermometer (MNPT). We improved the mathematical
model between the relative error of the magnetic induction intensity and the temperature measurement error of MNPT. The simulation founded that when the relative error of the magnetic induction intensity is kept within the range of <0.01%, the temperature measurement error is less than
0.1 K. Then, the multi-physics (magnetic field, temperature field, and thermal stress field) coupling relationship in the Helmholtz coil is established. During the coupling process, the temperature field of the Helmholtz coil affects the resistance of coil wire, and its thermal stress field
is affected by the temperature field, which also changes the coil radius. After the temperature field and thermal stress field change, the magnetic field fluctuates immediately. Further simulation found that the problem of coil temperature rise becomes more serious as the size of the Helmholtz
coil increases. The method of forced air cooling can make the fluctuation of the large Helmholtz coil magnetic field < 0.01%, and improve the measurement accuracy of MNPT.
Solar Radiation Tracking Design Based on Photoelectric Sensor for Tracing Signal Reconstruction Algorithm
Authors: Yan Xiaoqing , Li Zhiyong
Published: January 2024

Due to the high precision, low power requirements, and maintenance-free nature, the four-quadrant photoelectric sensor (FQPS) and the laser displacement sensor are employed in the development of the two-axis solar tracker. Among them, when designing the optical path of the FQPS, a cavity-wandering
optical path is introduced to control the spot size of the direct sunlight falling on the sensor. The sensor interface has five data transmission lines, of which four positive poles correspond to the four quadrants of the planar two-dimensional coordinate system. AD7793 is used as the signal
collector and a differential amplifier with small clutter is integrated. A laser displacement sensor is installed in the solar radiation tracker to realize the self-correction of movement error. The main control circuit adopts DSP chip TMS320F28335 for the whole dual-axis sun tracker. In the
experiment, Code Composer Studio was used for development, and SPA algorithm was used to measure the position. A number of error correction variables, such as year, month, day, time, minute, second, ΔT, time zone, longitude, latitude, etc., are added to the algorithm. After debugging
the hardware and software, the sunrise and sunset times of a certain place on the solar terms such as spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice in 2022 are tested, and compared with those released by the Meteorological Bureau. The tracking signal is rebuilt using
proximal gradient descent technology. The results demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio under the reconstruction algorithm is continuously enhanced and tends to stabilize with an increase in sampling rate without noise, and it exhibits good signal reconstruction performance in the presence
of noise and growing noise.
Silicon-Based Nanoelectronic Semiconductor Material and Its Surface-Enhanced Raman Image Signals
Authors: Liu Nan
Published: January 2024

One-dimensional Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials have important applications in devices, such as solar energy, sensors, and piezoelectric materials due to surface effects and quantum size effects. As a semiconductor material, Si has good thermal conductivity and low resistivity. A layer
of n-type ZnO nanowires is grown on P-type monocrystalline silicon by transferring the Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) template. The enhanced Raman effect on the surface is attempted by preparing n-type ZnO-P-type Si heterojunction nanostructures. This paper uses Si-based
AAO as a template and uses electrochemical deposition method to prepare silicon-based nano-electronic semiconductor material ZnO/AAO/Si. According to SEM analysis, there are uniform pores on the surface of the material, and the cross-section shows that ZnO nanowires have been assembled into
the AAO/Si structure. XRD analysis shows that ZnOn nanowires have a hexagonal wurtzite structure. In optoelectronic testing, through PL spectral analysis, the semiconductor material ZnO/AAO/Si has a strong yellow green emission peak near 574 nm. Field emission analysis shows that the β
value of the ZnO field enhancement factor in the ZnO/AAO/Si structure is relatively high. The Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) image signal experiment shows that the silicon-based nano-electronic semiconductor material prepared by electrochemical deposition method has good SERS characteristics.
The SERS spectral intensity increases with the increase of the concentration of the detected substance and can be used as a SERS substrate to achieve Raman spectral image signal detection of chemical substances with low concentration.
Inhibitory Effect of Heparin/Polyarginine/Hyaluronic Acid Complex on Coronary Artery Restenosis by Loading Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Authors: Zeng Fang , Wang Shuxiang , Yang Hui , Li Biao
Published: January 2024

This research was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of heparin/polyarginine/hyaluronic acid (HPHA) complex loaded with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on coronary artery restenosis (CAR). Dopamine was grafted to obtain dopamine-hyaluronic acid (DPA) composite material,
and heparin/polyarginine (HP) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with VEGF were obtained through electrostatic binding (ESB). The HP NPs loaded with VEGF mixed with hyaluronic acid (HA) were mixed in a 10:1 volume ratio to obtain a composite solution, namely HPHA complex. Next, the sodium metaperiodate
was added to form a hydrogel. The samples were characterized using a zeta potential (ZP) analyzer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and water contact angle (WCA). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and toluidine blue O (TBO) staining
were employed to assess the immobilization and release of VEGF and heparin. Rhodamine staining was adopted to evaluate the adhesion of platelets, fibrinogen, macrophages, and umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (UASMCs). Furthermore, CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate the adhesion and
proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs). The results revealed that compared to 0 mg/L, the particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and θ angle decreased, and the absolute value of ZP increased at 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L. The cumulative release (CR) of VEGF at 200
mg/L was higher to that at 0 mg/L, while that of heparin was lower (P <0.05). The platelet surface coverage rate (PSCR), relative platelet activation rate (RPAR), and fibrinogen coverage rate (FCR) at 10 and 20 days were lower and exhibited great difference to those at 0 mg/L (P
<0.05). Compared to groups II and III, group I presented a markedly higher number of macrophages and UASMCs on the first and third days of culture (P <0.05). 3 days after culture, adhesion and proliferation of ECs in groups U, I, and K increased greatly (P <0.05). In
conclusion, the HPHA complex prepared from HP NPs loaded with VEGF and HA in this research exhibited good stability, uniformity, hydrophilicity, and blood compatibility. It effectively blocked the adhesion of macrophages and UASMCs and promoted the proliferation of ECs, thus conforming to
the mechanism of inhibiting CAR after coronary stent intervention.
Effect of Interfacial Coatings on Thermal Conductivity of Diamond/Al Composites
Authors: Liu Yuan , Cui Yan , Guo Kai-Jin , Cao Lei-Gang , Yang Yue
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the acoustic mismatch model and the differential effective medium scheme were applied to predict the influence of different interfacial coatings (Si and SiC) on the interfacial thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of the Diamond/Al composites, respectively. With
the increase of the thickness of interfacial coatings, the interfacial thermal conductivity and of the thermal conductivity of Diamond/Al composites decreased. In order to obtain ideal thermal conductivity of Diamond/Al composites, the thickness of the coating should be controlled below 1
μm. When the volume fraction of diamond was 60% and the average particle size was 100 μm, the interfacial thermal conductivity of Si and SiC coated Diamond/Al composites were in the range of 1.77×107∼1.1×108 W/(m2 ·
K) and 2.44×107∼1.29×108 W/(m2 · K), respectively; the thermal conductivity of Si and SiC coated Diamond/Al composites were in the range of 541.58∼764.15 W/(m· K) and 594.45∼777.3 W/(m· K), respectively. The thermal
conductivity of Si and SiC coated Diamond/Al composites increased with the volume fraction and average particle size of Diamond, and the thermal conductivity of SiC coated Diamond/Al composites was higher than that of Si coated composites. SiC interface coating was proposed to be the most
promising candidates to improve the thermal performance of Diamond/Al composites.
Neonatal and Infant Illnesses and Health Seeking Behavior Among Hilly (Porja) Tribal Community: A Qualitative Observational Study
Authors: Samakya Srividhya , Pati Sanghamitra , Acharya Subhendu Kumar
Published: January 2024

Objectives

The study explores the health-seeking behavior for neonatal and infant illnesses of the Porja hilly tribe in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Methods

This study was a community-based qualitative observational study conducted from July 2022 to February 2023. In-depth interviews ( n = 31) were conducted with parents of neonates and infants. Two focus group discussions (involving 12 each) were conducted to validate the findings with other female family members such as, grandmothers. Data collection was carried out by using a semi-structured questionnaire on traditional practices and basic socio-demographic characteristics along with an in-depth interview guide for undertaking qualitative interviews.

Results

Qualitative findings were analyzed using the thematic framework approach, followed by the analysis of data from the field notes. Three themes (along with six sub-themes) were generated: (a) Early essential care, (b) Emergency of hospital care, (c) Effective Ethnomedical/Ritualistic Care (not requiring hospital care) which explained the tribal parents’ ways of care and treatment for their neonates and infants from various morbidity and mortality risks.

Discussion

Culture-specified traditional beliefs play crucial roles in shaping the neonatal and infant health of indigenous hilly tribal communities. Preserving the beneficial traditional methods and preventing harmful practices can help improve the overall child health status in such resource scanty settings with inadequate neonatal services.
Moringa oleifera Modulates MPTP-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Mouse Model: An in silico and in vivo Analysis
Authors: Singh Smriti , Keshri Priyanka Kumari , Mishra Vijaya Nath , Singh Surya Pratap
Published: January 2024

Background:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement-affecting neurodegenerative condition with an unclear etiology. Recent research suggests targeting poly-(adenosine 5-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) as a potential therapeutic approach for PD treatment.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of an ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOE) on a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinsonian mouse model, with a specific focus on investigating its potential to mitigate the effects of α-synuclein toxicity, oxidative stress–induced hyper-activation of PARP1, and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with PD pathology. Additionally, this study also intends to investigate the alterations in neurobehavioral and biochemical parameters associated with PD pathology.

Materials and Methods:

An in silico docking study was conducted to investigate the phytochemicals found in M. oleifera (MO, drumstick plant) leaves as the potent inhibitors of PARP1. An in vivo (neurobehavioral, biochemical, and western blot) study was conducted to assess the neuroprotective effect of MOE on the MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mouse model.

Results:

The results of in silico study showed that the phytochemicals found in MO leaves could be a potent inhibitor of PAPR1. The in vivo study results showed that MOE significantly ameliorated MPTP-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical deficits. MPTP-induced mitochondrial enzyme-complex deficits were found to be restored in MOE-treated mice. Additionally, the result obtained in the western blot analysis showed that MOE significantly restored the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in MPTP-intoxicated mice. MOE enhanced the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor (Bcl-2) and suppressed the expression of pro-apoptotic factors (Bax and caspase-3). Additionally, the enhanced levels of α-synuclein and PARP1 were significantly suppressed by MOE.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that MOE may possess pharmacological properties that inhibit neuronal damage in MPTP-intoxicated mice. Thus, MOE could be used as a therapeutic agent that can protect dopaminergic neurons from PARP1-induced neuronal damage.
Developing Interdisciplinary Learning: Spanning Disciplinary and Organizational Boundaries
Authors: Smith Peter , Callagher Lisa Jane , Hibbert Paul , Krull Elisabeth , Hosking John
Published: January 2024

Based on a study of a postgraduate course, we show how—through the processes associated with applying a strategic tool—students developed the understandings that allowed them to span disciplinary and organizational boundaries. We reveal how the students, working in groups and acting as consultants to industry clients, developed specific boundary-spanning skills learned through observation and practice (mimesis), and reflection. Namely, (1) working with others with different disciplines to establish roles and processes to operate successfully as a group, (2) establishing productive communication with other groups of diverse disciplines as part of project processes, (3) eliciting information from other groups of diverse specialists, and (4) managing an inclusive discussion process among other groups of diverse specialists for agreement. We discuss how these insights about mimesis and reflection add to pedagogic debates about instruction for interdisciplinary and inter-organizational learning and the implications for management education and development practice.
Comparison of intraocular lens tilt after capsular sutured scleral fixation with capsular segments versus uneventful cataract surgery
Authors: Chang-Sotomayor Meilin , Gϋell José L. , de Rojas Silva Ma Victoria , Corretger Xavier , Bandeira Francisco , Mendez-Mourelle Andrea , Veillet Lorea Zurutuza , Adán Alfredo , Figueras-Roca Marc
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To evaluate and compare intraocular lens (IOL) tilt between uneventful phacoemulsification with in-the-bag IOL implantation and sutured scleral fixation (SSF) of the lens bag with a capsular tension segment (type 6 D / Morcher) using a Sheimpflug camera.

Setting

Clinical Practice, Hospital. Barcelona and A Coruña, Spain.

Design

Retrospective, comparative multicenter study.

Methods

IOL tilt was compared between patients who underwent sutured scleral fixation with a capsular tension segment in a single eye (SSF group, n = 15) with patients who underwent uneventful IOL implantation (control group, n = 12) that were matched by biometric measurements. Post-operative refractive accuracy of biometric formulas by means of mean absolute error (MAE) was also reported. All patients underwent a general ophthalmic evaluation, anterior segment photography, and postoperative optical biometry (Zeiss IOLMaster® 500). In addition, IOL tilt was measured with a Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam R, Oculus Optikgerate Gmbh).

Results

Mean vertical tilt was similar in both groups (2.20+/-2.47° SSF vs 1.97 +/- 1.79° control; p = 0.836) but mean horizontal tilt tended to higher values in the SSF series (2.09 +/- 2.74° vs 0.94 +/- 1.17°; p = 0.139). Considering post-operative refractive error in diopters by MAE calculations, there was an underestimation of IOL power in the SSF group which was only statistically significant for Barrett Universal II (1.07 vs 0.32; p = 0.028) and Hill-RBF (0.95 vs 0.26; p = 0.024) formulas, but not for SRK/T (0.99 vs 0.42; p = 0.285) and Kane (0.96 vs 0.33; p = 0.083).

Conclusion

Sutured scleral fixation of capsular tension segments in the presence of zonular instability does not seem to induce clinically significant IOL tilt compared to uneventful cataract extraction cases.
Post-pandemic collaborative destination marketing: Effectiveness and impact on different generational audiences
Authors: Pascual-Fraile María del Pilar , Villacé-Molinero Teresa , Talón-Ballestero Pilar , Chaperon Samantha
Published: January 2024

In a break from the traditional focus on destination image recovery in post-crisis scenarios, the COVID-19 pandemic required a different approach to collaborative destination marketing. This research aims to fill a gap in knowledge about the factors that drive post-pandemic collaborative destination marketing strategies, the objectives that are set, their effectiveness, and the different impacts on diverse age groups. Grounded in stakeholder and generational theories, this study examines an innovative collaborative marketing campaign for Spain in 2022. Spain's tourism rebounded swiftly that year, almost reaching pre-pandemic international visitor numbers. The campaign was collaboratively developed by TourSpain, the Spanish National Tourism Organisation (NTO), along with six regional and local Spanish Destination Marketing Organisations (DMOs), Expedia, and TripAdvisor. In-depth interviews were conducted with all stakeholder groups involved in the campaign, and this was complemented by focus groups with U.K. residents, grouped by generation. The findings revealed how the stakeholders reoriented their post-pandemic collaborative strategies to considering variables, such as customer journey stages and sociodemographic factors, to achieve branding and conversion objectives. The study also discovered that the campaign's effectiveness varied across different generational audiences. This research provides valuable insights for NTOs and DMOs in designing future post-crisis collaborative marketing initiatives.