bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wood species classification in open set using an improved NNO classifier
Authors: Zhang Ke-Xin , Zhao Peng
Published: December 2024

A wood species classification scheme was developed based on open set using an improved Nearest Non-Outlier (NNO) classifier. Near infrared (NIR) spectral curves were collected in spectral band 950 to 1650 nm by a micro spectrometer. The spectral dimension reduction was performed with a Metric Learning (ML) algorithm. Two improvements were proposed in the following NNO classifier. First, a cluster analysis was performed in each wood class by using a Density Peak Clustering (DPC) algorithm to get 1 to 3 clusters. A fixed threshold for all wood classes was replaced by a variable for all clusters. This threshold defines an internal boundary for one wood species to further compute a class membership score for all wood species. The classification accuracy based on these clusters of each wood class was better than that based on each class. The experimental results in different open set scenarios demonstrate that the improved NNO classifier outperformed the original NNO classifier and some other state-of-the-art open set recognition (OSR) algorithms.
Exploring Iranian Identity: A Contrastive Analysis of Western Literary Perspectivesversus Iranian Art of Dance
Authors: Pondelíková Ivana , Majdáková Veronika
Published: December 2024

The concept of identity is currently one of the most frequently examined in cultural studies. Identity refers to the identification of an individual with a certain unit based on signs that he/she consciously or subconsciously accepts as his/her own. There are two main currents in identity research: primordialism (essentialist approach) and instrumentalism (constructivist approach). In today’s individualized society, there is a shift in emphasis from primordiality, i.e. from that side of identity that is given, permanent, inherited, fixed, to instrumentality, i.e. to such a basis of identity that a person chooses, creates, or selects. The research focuses on Iranian identity and its reflection in Western literature and the Iranian art of dance. Iran has an exceptional position in its region and influences global events with its policy. The question is what allowed the Persians to remain Persians for more than two and a half millennia. Persian identity is expressed mainly in spiritual power, poetry, and religion. The Persians gave the world poetry, miniatures, and carpets. From the point of view of production prosperity, all useless things. But that is how they express themselves. They gave the world what did not serve to make life easier but to make it more beautiful (Kapuściński, 2016, p. 153). The empirical part of the research is divided into two parts. In the first part of the research, the authors focus on expressing Iranian identity in their traditional and modern dance. The Persian “classic” is characterized by an expressive movement of the upper part of the body, delicate movements of the shoulders and palms, and eloquent facial expressions. The dance is very poetic and often depicts scenes from Persian poems. The second part of the research focuses on examining how Iranian identity is reflected in Western literature. The study of Iranian identity is based on Azar Nafisi’s Reading Lolita in Tehran (2003), who is a representative of Iranian anglophone immigrants, as well as on an unintentional tetralogy of novels by Betty Mahmoody, the author of the novels Not without my Daughter (1987) and For the love of a child (1992), her daughter Mahtob, the author of My Name is Mahtob (2013), and Moody, Mahmoody’s ex-husband and Mahtob’s father, the author of Lost without my Daughter (2013). The culture of a nation is expressed in the identity of its inhabitants, and literature and the art of dance contribute to its understanding.
Formantinę balsių struktūrą lemiančių veiksnių ryšiai: žvalgomasis bendrinės lietuvių kalbos ilgųjų ir trumpųjų balsių tyrimas
Authors: Švageris Evaldas
Published: December 2024

This article aims to determine the relative power and hierarchy of factors that directly impact the distribution of vowels F1 and F2. For this purpose, statistical analysis (ANOVA) has been conducted. Three Lithuanian vowels [ɑː/ɐ], [uː/ʊ], and [iː/ɪ] (the so-called corner vowels), and four factors (the phonological quantity, speakers, focus, and consonants/voiceless plosives) were chosen for the analysis. The results revealed that the hierarchical order of factors primarily depends on vowelsʼ height/frontness. The consonantal factor most influences the formant structure of back vowels, while that of front vowels is more influenced by phonological quantity. Differences in factor hierarchy are reflected in several observed correlations: the openness/closeness of vowels and focus (the more open the vowel, the more its formant structure depends on the prosodic factor), the frontness/backness of vowels and voiceless plosives (the consonantal factor influences back vowels more), and phonological quantity (the formants of short and long front high vowels differed the most). This study is to be extended in the future with a larger dataset.
The draft of the new criminal code of Ukraine: conceptual principles and basic provisions
Authors: Baulin Yurii
Published: December 2024

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Ar prekybos žmonėmis nusikaltimas – vis dar iššūkis Lietuvos teismams?
Authors: Gutauskas Aurelijus
Published: December 2024

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Citizenship in Lithuanian Lexicographical Sources, Youth Worldview, and Media Texts
Authors: Smetona Marius
Published: December 2024

The concept of citizenship (civic sense) has not yet fully crystallised, which is why different aspects are emphasised in academic literature and public discourse. Attempts are made to compare and associate it with other concepts, such as nationality or patriotism, which are often used synonymously in various contexts. From a linguistic perspective, the concept of citizenship has not been thoroughly examined. Therefore, the aim of this article is to explore the concept of citizenship in Lithuanian dictionaries, public media texts, and the responses of young people to the question: What does citizenship mean to you? The concept of citizenship is closely related to another concept—namely, the state—where legal, cultural, social, and political elements are interconnected. The state provides its citizens with rights and duties, and a citizen must be able to use and defend the rights and freedoms granted, as well as actively participate in public life with the ultimate goal of contributing to the well-being of Lithuania. Students emphasise that the concept is complex and involves not only an individual’s relationship with the state but also relationships between people. However, both in youth responses and in public discourse, the key aspect is that citizenship is seen as a value, the components of which are reflected in its cognitive definition. Despite the introductory thoughts stating that citizenship and patriotism are not identical, for young people these concepts are intertwined and share many common aspects. In public discourse, there is a strong emphasis on the importance of nurturance of citizenship, which requires continuous effort. As a result, various initiatives, competitions, lessons, and programs are offered. The research concludes that the cognitive definition of citizenship embraces respect for the state, its language, symbols, history, culture, and traditions, as well as for other citizens and differing opinions; a duty to the state (defence, involvement in public life, voting, paying taxes, restraining misbehaviour); working for the state; love for the country; and self-sacrifice for it. Typically, the meaning of a word is looked up in dictionaries regarded as the most reliable lexicographical sources. The study shows that there is a need to expand dictionary definitions or elaborate on this concept in the upcoming “Dictionary of Standard Lithuanian”, so that society can recognize the broader content of the concept of citizenship. It is agreed that citizenship is a cultivated value, and its content heavily depends on who is involved in the educational process. Therefore, it is essential for linguists and language institutions to engage in the citizenship development program so that young people can see that citizenship is not just about defence; it also includes language, as well as cultural and ethnic aspects.
The importance of the Ukrainian contribution to the development of the common economic property (to the 100th anniversary of the birth of doctor of economics, professor L.Ya. Korniychuk)
Authors:   National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Auditing, Shevchuk Volodymyr
Published: December 2024

The article presents the main milestones of scientific creativity and scientific achievements of Professor L. Korniychuk. The relevance of her works is confirmed by the modern challenges of Russia's hybrid war against Ukraine. The ongoing war presents economic science with its own challenges, because a change in the current socio-economic model is necessary. This, in turn, requires a revision of the modern scientific picture of the world.
Problem-personified, epistemological and axiological approaches are used to characterize Ukraine's contribution to the development of world economic science. The connection between the economic school of F. Quesnay, the physical and economic theory of S. Podolynsky and the philosophical system of M. Rudenko has been revealed.
On the basis of the analysis of L. Korniychuk’s works, the author shows her scientific biography, the worldview unity and orientation of her research, as well as her teaching and public activities. The Institute of National Economy (now Vadym Hetman Kyiv National University of Economics) and the Department of the History of National Economy and Economic Thought of the Institute of Economics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (now the Department of Economic History of the SO «Institute for Economics and Forecasting of the NASU») were important platforms for growth and realization of the researcher's creative potential.
The legacy of Ukrainian economic thought contains lists of scenarios of the historical-economic transition from the continental physiocracy to the national scientific school of physical economy. The author reveals the significance of L. Korniychuk's research and publications for the popularization and development of the Ukrainian scientific school of physical economy. Shown the relationship between historical and economic research and physical and economic forecasting.
Perbandingan Tingkat Kedekatan Followers Portal Berita dan Media Sosial PT Narasi Media Pracaya tentang Informasi Presiden 2024
Authors: Endrawan Rizky , Avrizal Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Berkembangnya teknologi telah mempengaruhi beragam aspek kehidupan, salah satunya bagaimana media berkembang. Awalnya dengan perkembangan internet, beberapa perusahaan media merambah situs daring. Namun, dewasa ini perusahaan media juga menggunakan sosial media salah satunya Instagram untuk mempromosikan karya suatu perusahaan media. Salah satu perusahaan media yang menggunakan Instagram adalah Narasi.Tv yang menggunakan Instagram dengan nama akun @narasinewsroom. Instagram merupakan salah satu media yang sering diakses di Indonesia dan terbukti ampuh sebagai media promosi. Dari latar belakang ini peneliti tertarik untuk mengetahui Bagaimana tingkat kepuasan pengikut akun Instagram @narasinewsroom Jakarta terhadap Situs web. Narasi.Tv dan Akun Instagram @narasinewsroom sebagai sumber informasi mengenai Calon Presiden 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan membandingkan skor motif dan skor kepuasan dari kedua objek sesuai dengan teori Uses and Gratification. Dari hasil uji Wilcoxon dan perbandingan skor rata-rata ditemukan bahwa responden lebih puas dengan akun Instagram @narasinewsroom namun tidak ada perbedaan secara signifikan
An Improvement Project to Lower Pneumothorax Rates in Neonates Born at 36 Weeks’ Gestational Age or Beyond
Authors: Sandall Jenica , Hilborn Craig , Welty Stephen
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

Our institutional data revealed high pneumothorax rates in term neonates resuscitated in the delivery room (DR). Other studies have reported that high rates of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the DR are associated with increased pneumothorax rates. We sought to test the hypothesis that quality improvement efforts to reduce the use of CPAP in the DR would be associated with a reduced incidence of pneumothorax.

METHODS

We performed a series of interventions to make minor revisions to our DR respiratory care algorithm focusing on optimizing CPAP use by providing education to the DR team to the revisions. For neonates born at 36 weeks of gestation or beyond, we evaluated the use of CPAP in the DR and the number of births between pneumothorax events before and after the algorithm was implemented. We used statistical process control charts to assess improvement.

RESULTS

CPAP utilization in the DR for infants 36 weeks or older decreased from 3.4% to 1.0%. Frequency of pneumothorax decreased, with births between pneumothorax events increasing from 293 to 530. We found no increase in the number of neonates requiring a higher level of care with respiratory distress.

CONCLUSION

We found that a reduction in the use of CPAP in DR was associated with a decrease in the rate of pneumothorax without an increase in neonates requiring additional care with respiratory distress.
How do we perceive sounds of originals and replicas of archaeological metal sound objects?
Authors: Mühlhans Jörg , Foramitti Markus , Pomberger Beate Maria
Published: December 2024

The history of metal idiophones dates back as far as metalworking itself. These sound objects served various purposes, such as attracting attention, displaying social status, and practical use in signalling. While once integral to everyday life, these sound objects are now rarely seen outside of museums or medieval markets. In the project “Metallic Idiophones from 800 BC – 800 CE”, original and replicated metal idiophones from Central Europe were examined for their acoustic properties. Within the group of examined objects, variations in construction, shape, and alloys based on era and region can be seen. In this study, a selection of 21 original and replicated idiophones that cover most of the variations are examined for the subjective perception of their sounds. Participants in the online listening experiment (n=102, mean age = 35.6) rated sounds on pleasantness, brightness, sharpness, complexity, activation, and valence. Personality traits, musicality, preferences for sound jewellery, and beliefs in object properties were also assessed. While 75% showed low pref­erence for sound jewellery, some associated it with high social status or metaphysical abilities. Belief in these abilities correlated with openness and preference. No age or gender effects were observed in sound ratings. Overall, sound level negatively correlated with pleasantness and posi­tively with sharpness, activation, and valence. Sounds with higher tone-noise-ratio were perceived as brighter and sharper. Bell sounds were rated brighter, sharper, and higher in valence/activation than chimes, but lower in pleasantness. Though not directly applicable to the past, the study re­vealed effects related to human hearing rather than socio-cultural significance. Loud, bright, and sharp sounds were rated unpleasant, suggesting a shift from jewellery to signalling use.
USAutonomy – az egykor hasznos legenda
Authors: Fábri György
Published: December 2024

Az akadémiai szabadság amerikai hagyományát az egyetemek pénzügyi függetlenségét
biztosító intézményalapítások és az Alkotmány Első Kiegészítésére
(szólásszabadság) való jogi/politikai hivatkozások formálták. Éppen ezért ennek
a két tényezőnek a változásait érhetjük tetten a mai, azt veszélyeztető
tendenciákban. Egyrészt a finanszírozás függetlenségére ösztönzöttség a
kormányzati forrásoktól az üzleti-gazdasági világ egyre növekvő befolyását
eredményezte, ráadásul a külföldi, formálisan magánadományok (olajmonarchiák)
politikai kitettséghez vezettek. Másrészt a politikai korrektség túlhajtásai
mellett egyre dominánsabban jelenik meg a bal- és jobboldali identitáspolitika
az egyetemeken, nem csupán politikai mozgalomként, hanem az oktatást és az
akadémiai szabadságot közvetlenül befolyásolni igyekvő tényezőként. Részint
emiatt is gyengült meg az akadémiai világ társadalmi tekintélye, értékeinek
elfogadottsága.
A Clique Based Algorithm for Scheduling Coupled Tasks with Exact Delay
Authors: Király Balázs , Ronczik Levente , Szabó Sándor
Published: December 2024

In this work we single out a scheduling problem in which tasks are coupled and the time delay between the first and second members of the couple is fixed by technological constraints. We will show that this scheduling problem can be reduced to the question to decide if a tactically constructed 𝑘-partite auxiliary graph contains a 𝑘-clique. We will point out that before submitting the auxiliary graph to a clique solver it is expedient to carry out various inspections in order to delete nodes and edges of the graph and consequently speed up the computations. In the lack of theoretical tools we will carry out numerical experiments to test the practicality of the clique approach.
First report of Psecas euoplus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 from Colombia, with new salticid records for the department of Córdoba (Araneae, Salticidae)
Authors: Suárez-Martínez Leiner A. , Bedoya-Roqueme Edwin , Quirós-Rodríguez Jorge A.
Published: December 2024

Psecas euoplus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 is recorded for the ﬁrst time from Colombia. In addition, the known distribution of the species Lyssomanes amazonicus G.W. Peckham, E.G. Peckham & Wheeler, 1889, Lyssomanes bitaeniatus G.W. Peckham, E.G. Peckham & Wheeler, 1889, Lyssomanes remotus G.W. Peckham & E.G. Peckham, 1896, and Sarinda armata (G.W. Peckham & E.G. Peckham, 1892), are extended to the department of Córdoba. We provide descriptions of the species reported here as well as images and drawings of both type material and our new records.
The Use of Dynamic Navigation for the Placement of Zygoma Implants: A Cadaver Study to Compare Accuracy
Authors: Bishbish Zeino Omran , Kim Yoon Jeong , Kan Joseph , Lozada Jaime
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to compare the angular, platform, and apical deviation of zygoma implants placed with the aid of a dynamic navigation (DN) device compared with the implants placed freehand. Eight cadaver heads were used for the study. Preoperative cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans were made for the heads, and an implant-planning software was used to plan zygoma implants bilaterally in each scanned head. A total of 16 zygoma implants were placed using each surgical technique. Postimplant CBCT scans were merged with the preoperative plan to evaluate and compare the accuracy of the implants using each technique. Angular and linear deviations of the implants were measured and compared. The effect of implant length and position on the deviation was also investigated. The results showed a mean angular deviation of 2.44° ± 1.10° for implants placed using DN compared with 6.63° ± 4.81° for implants placed freehand. The mean apical deviation for implants placed using DN and for implants placed freehand was 2.14 ± 1.02 mm and 3.80 ± 2.49 mm, respectively. Finally, the mean platform deviation for implants placed using DN and for implants placed freehand was 1.66 ± 0.9 mm and 2.81 ± 2.1 mm, respectively. The analysis showed a significant difference between the two techniques in angular and apical deviation (p = .001 and .029, respectively). Zygoma implants placed with a DN device resulted in less apical and angular deviation than implants placed freehand.
EN PRENSA "Multirresistencia a los antibióticos en cepas de Salmonella Enteritidis aisladas del contenido de huevo de gallinas en producción intensiva en Sinaloa, México" EN PRENSA
Authors: PORTILLO LOERA JESÚS JOSÉ , CARDENAS CONTRERAS MIGUEL ANTONIO , ENRÍQUEZ VERDUGO IDALIA , CASTRO TAMAYO CARLOS BELL , GAXIOLA CAMACHO SOILA MARIBEL , CEPEDA QUINTERO HIGINIO , CASTRO DEL CAMPO NOHEMÍ , PÉREZ FONSECA EUNICE
Published: December 2024

La resistencia a los antimicrobianos en bacterias del género Salmonella es una amenaza para la humanidad, la salmonelosis es la principal zoonosis por transmisión alimentaria y es causada mayormente por el consumo de huevo de gallina, además, es la segunda zoonosis con más casos de hospitalizaciones y muertes. La serovariedad Enteritidis es responsable del 42 % de los casos en Europa, su principal reservorio son las gallinas ponedoras y se estima que el 40.2 % de las gallinas de producción en el mundo son portadoras de esta bacteria. El objetivo fue determinar la presencia de Salmonella Enteritidis multirresistente en yema y albúmina de huevo. El aislamiento bacteriológico se realizó en agar enterico Hektoen y XLD, la identificación de S. Enteritidis fue mediante pruebas bioquímicas y PCR y la determianción del perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana por el método de difusión en disco según Kirby bauer. El resultado fue de 0.625 % (2/320) de huevos positivos a Salmonella Enteritidis y 100 % de multirresistencia (betalactámnicos, cefalosporinas y fluoroquinolonas). Este es el primer reporte de la presencia de Salmonella Enteritidis en el contenido del huevo en granjas de Sinaloa, esto refleja la presencia de Salmonella en las gallinas y riesgo de zoonosis para la población de Sinaloa que consume huevo, además, la resistencia de estas bacterias a antibióticos indica la vulnerabilidad de los tratamientos médicos.
Clinical significance of albumin/globulin ratio for survival prediction in ischemic stroke patients in intensive care
Authors: Saçmacı Hikmet , Aktürk Tülin , Önder Halil
Published: December 2024

Objective: Decreased level of serum albumin is shown to be associated with an increased risk of mortality after stroke. However, the significance of the albumin/globulin ratio (AGR) as a paraclinical marker in determination of the prognosis of stroke is unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the potential utility of AGR in determination of the need of intensive care unit monitorization and prognosis of patients with acute stroke.
Material and Methods: Sequential samples of all the patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who were hospitalized between 2018 and 2022 in the mentioned centers were analyzed in this research. The data regarding the demographic features, stroke subtypes, and laboratory findings including hemogram, and biochemistry were recorded. AGR, serum osmolality, and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) were also measured. The survival curves of the patients were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank tests. Estimates of survival changes were made by applying the Cox regression analysis.
Results: Ultimately, the data of 328 patients were analyzed. Thirty nine (30.2%) had passed away before discharge. There were significant differences between the deceased patients and patients surviving in terms of stroke classification, serum albumin, AGR, CRP, COP, and white blood cell count (p < 0.05). Serum AGR of 94 patients who were intensive care unit patients showed a statistical difference compared to albumin (p < 0.05). The Cox’s regression analyses showed that low AGR moderately predicted the mortality of patients.
Conclusion: We found that the AGR provided important data regarding the necessity of critical care monitorization and prognosis of patients with AIS. Our findings support the potential utility of AGR as a simple, and useful paralinical laboratory marker in patients with AIS.
Niyâzî-i Mısrî’nin Tefsîr-i Tekâsür Sûresi Adlı Risalesi: Bir İnceleme ve Analiz
Authors: İnce Eyüp
Published: December 2024

Halvetiyye-Mısriyye kolunun kurucusu olan Niyâzî-i Mısrî’nin (öl.1105/1694) Tekâsür sûresi üzerine kaleme aldığı Tefsîr-i Tekâsür Sûresi adlı risalesi hem tasavvuf hem de işârî tefsir literatüründe önemli bir yere sahiptir. Fakat söz konusu eser üzerine yapılmış herhangi bir çalışmanın olmaması oldukça dikkat çekicidir. Bu çalışma, Tekâsür sûresinin derinlemesine anlamını inceleyerek, Niyâzî-i Mısrî'nin sûreye getirdiği özgün yorumlar ve katkılar üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışma neticesinde, bazı yerlerde Arapça ibareler bulunsa da eserin genel olarak Osmanlı Türkçesiyle yazıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca bu risalenin, genelde İslamî özelde tasavvufî düşünce tarihinde özellikle insanın manevi gelişimi ve dünya ile ilişkisi üzerine derinlemesine analizler sunduğu için önemli bir yere sahip olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır. Bunların yanı sıra söz konusu risale, insanın ruhsal durumunu ve varoluşsal sorunlarını ele alması sebebiyle teoloji alanında; başta "tekâsür" olmak üzere bazı kavramların dinî ve sosyal boyutlarını incelemesi dolayısıyla da dilbilim açısından kayda değer bir eser olarak öne çıkmaktadır.
Dillerarası Çeviride Yabancılık Sorunu
Authors: Köklüdağ Mehmet
Published: December 2024

Bu makalede, çeviri pratiği ve çeviribilim açısından dillerarası çeviri sürecinde ortaya çıkan yabancılık sorununun nasıl konumlandırıldığını hermenötik perspektiften hareketle tespit etmeye çalıştık. Çeviride yabancılık sorunu araştırmamızda iki temelde tartışılmıştır: Çeviri pratiği ve çeviribilim açısından yabancılık sorunu; çevirmen açısından yabancılık sorunu. Çeviribilim açısından yabancılık şu temel sorular bağlamında ele alınmıştır: Kaynak dilde ve kültürde bulunan farklı unsurlar hedef dil-kültürüne nasıl aktarılmaktadır? Bu aktarılan unsurların/anlamların dilsel ve kültürel bağlamları çeviride nasıl yansıtılmaktır? Zira çeviri bireysel insan düşüncesini, toplumsal değerleri ve çeşitli semiyotik yapıları da aktardığı için dilbilgisi odaklı yapısal yöntemler yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle, çalışmamızda çevirinin dinamik yapısının tam bir şekilde yansıtılması için zamansal ve mekânsal gerçekliğinin dikkate alınması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Araştırmamızda çevirmen açısından yabancılık sorunu ise kaynak metnin yazıldığı tarihsel bağlamın ve çevirmenin içinde bulunduğu kültürel ve sosyal koşulların, çeviri sürecine etkisi tartışılmıştır. Bu noktada çevirmenin genel itibariyle iki temel strateji arasında seçim yapmak zorunda olduğu belirtilmiştir: Yabancılaştırma ve yerlileştirme. Çünkü bu stratejiler arasında yapılacak tercih, çevirideki kültürel farklılıklara nasıl yaklaşılacağı, çevirinin hedef kültürde hangi etkiyi yaratacağı ve muhatabın çeviriden nasıl bir deneyim kazanacağı gibi sorularının cevabı belirleyecektir. Sonuç olarak çeviride yabancılaştırma ve yerlileştirme stratejileri birbirine zıt olarak düşünülse de çoğu çeviri sürecinde bu iki stratejinin metnin amacına, türüne ve hedef kitlesine göre bir arada kullanılabileceği ifade edilmiştir.
Smallholder Farmers' Choice of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in the uMkhanyakude District in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Maziya M. , Nkonki-Mandleni B. , Van Niekerk J.A.
Published: December 2024

Climate change poses a considerable risk to sustaining smallholder farming in developing countries and hinders efforts to reduce poverty and food insecurity. One way to mitigate and counter the adverse effects of climate change is through adaptation. This study aimed to investigate the climate change adaptation strategies adopted by smallholder farmers in the uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A stratified random sampling procedure collected data from 400 smallholder farmers. Focus group discussions were used to gather in-depth knowledge about climate change adaptation. A multinomial regression model (MNL) was used to analyse the adaptation strategies and their determinants. The results of the MNL model revealed that factors such as access to extension services, Tropical Livestock Units, gender of the household head, age, land size and market access play an important role in farmers' adaptation to climate change. The study recommends that programmes and initiatives aimed at supporting smallholder farmers should facilitate their access to both formal and informal sources of credit. By addressing this key factor, policymakers can contribute to building the adaptive capacity of farmers and strengthening their ability to cope with climate change challenges.
Does the Adoption of Genetically Modified Seeds Improve the Technical Efficiency of Family-Owned Maize Farms? A Case of Alfred Nzo in the Eastern Cape
Authors: Gcaba K. , Christian M. , Usapfa L.
Published: December 2024

This study mainly focused on measuring maize farmers' technical efficiency and impact on maize production in Eastern Cape province. This research has employed a formal survey conducted on a sample size of 164 farmers. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages were used for descriptive statistics to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of family-owned maize farms. The stochastic frontier model was also used to estimate the technical efficiency of family-owned maize farms under present conditions. The results have shown that the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers largely influence accessibility and awareness to these kinds of technologies. The adoption is delayed due to limited farmer support, lack of awareness, scepticism about these technologies within rural households, and poor perceptions and attitudes. Furthermore, the results have revealed that socio-demographic characteristics influence farmers' decisions on whether or not to adopt the technology. Most farmers are old and still believe in what works for them, which limits and elongates the adoption process. The empirical analysis shows that adopting genetically modified seeds enhances the productivity of family-owned farms. Furthermore, this study finds that the technical efficiency of adopters is higher compared to non-adopters. Therefore, this study recommends that strategic alliance is an important and necessary condition for farmers to adopt genetically modified technologies.
Determinants of Farm Income During Lockdown Restrictions Amongst Small-Scale Farmers in the Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Sibiya C.B. , Maesela L.M. , Ramashala M.A. , Senyolo G.M.
Published: December 2024

The paper aims to determine which factors influenced the level of farm income for small-scale farmers in Gauteng Province during the lockdown period. Simple random sampling was used to collect data from 132 small-scale farmers using an online survey between January and February 2023. The Ordinary Least Square model (OLS) was used to analyse the data. The results showed that the farmer's age, level of education, non-farm income, number of farm workers employed, farming experience and lockdown influenced the level of farm income. In contrast, lack of funding negatively influenced the level of farm income. By improving the level of education and providing specialised training on modern farming techniques and farm management, farmers can enhance their productivity and efficiency. In addition, to enhance the overall farm income, it is recommended that non-farm income opportunities be promoted and supported as they have been shown to positively influence the level of farm income. Governments and financial institutions should also work together to create and expand funding opportunities for small-scale farmers, such as low-interest loans, grants, and subsidies.
Geopolítica en el Mar de China Meridional: ¿Una extensión de la reconfiguración regional y global?
Authors: Solórzano Tello Octavio Alonso
Published: December 2024

El artículo analiza los conflictos territoriales, marítimos y aéreos que China sostiene con otros países por el Mar de China Meridional. Beijing lo reclama como suyo y en los últimos años construyó islas artificiales, incorporando bases militares. Estados Unidos tiene injerencia en el área arguyendo “libertad de navegación”, mantiene cooperación militar con sus aliados y realiza operativos navales y aéreos en el mar, como mecanismos para tener influencia en Asia. Los ejercicios militares realizados por China y Estados Unidos en el mar disputado deben leerse como un proceso de reconfiguración geopolítica regional y global. Para abordar el fenómeno se revisó bibliografía y hemerografía del tema y de la región. También, se incorporaron elementos teóricos de la geopolítica, andamiaje conceptual de primer orden para comprender la problemática internacional.
Asia y América Latina y el Caribe. Del diálogo a la cooperación multilateral
Authors: García Parra Pío Quinto
Published: December 2024

Este artículo establece un marco de cooperación regional entre Asia y América Latina y el Caribe, desde la perspectiva de los vínculos mutuos con las Naciones Unidas. Para tal efecto, se identifican los actores, las agendas y los procedimientos. La reflexión integra dos componentes: uno analítico y evaluativo que establece la relación de ambas regiones con el orden multilateral y evalúa esa relación; el otro es normativo, al valorar e identificar los elementos claves de su cooperación futura. Se argumenta que, en un sistema internacional afectado por el uso hegemónico del poder, el rescate del multilateralismo en una versión mejorada parece la alternativa razonable. El diálogo incipiente entre Asia y América Latina y el Caribe debe conducir a planes de acción inspirados en las metas de la ONU, instancia multilateral por excelencia. Aunque la gobernanza política multilateral sigue siendo una promesa incumplida, precisamente para reconstruirla la cooperación entre Asia y América Latina y el Caribe bajo los parámetros multilaterales se hace perentoria.
El aislamiento diplomático de Taiwán: los países retiran el reconocimiento de su soberanía
Authors: Agudelo Cadavid Alejandra
Published: December 2024

Este artículo busca analizar e informar acerca de la situación actual en cuanto a aliados políticos y relaciones bilaterales de la República de China (Taiwán) con los países latinoamericanos, hablando especialmente de las últimas dos pérdidas diplomáticas (Nicaragua y Honduras), para luego analizar cuál es el panorama en el que se encontraría Taiwán a día de hoy con lo sucedido especialmente con Honduras. Se utiliza una previa contextualización sobre el conflicto entre China y Taiwán para posteriormente concluir cuales pueden ser las consecuencias o qué podría pasar con el estatus de la isla de Taiwán de acuerdo a las diferentes situaciones que se presentan a lo largo del artículo.
guerra de Corea en la literatura colombiana
Authors: Vivas Díaz Andres Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Cuando Colombia envío en 1950 un batallón de infantería y tres fragatas para participar en la guerra de Corea, este acontecimiento, junto con el devenir de los veteranos, fue parte central de algunas obras literarias colombianos. Aunque no se han hecho estudios minuciosos al respecto, el presente texto busca ahondar en las obras escritas por colombianos que abordan el tema de la guerra y del devenir de los veteranos, y aportar a un tema poco trabajado en el país.
Traduciendo a Jang Jin-seong: La imagen país de Corea del Norte reflejada en los versos de un poeta refugiado
Authors: Ryzhkov Andrii
Published: December 2024

Como muchos otros refugiados, los intelectuales de la República Popular Democrática de Corea (RPDC) o Corea del Norte (CN), específicamente los poetas y escritores, fueron testigos de la realidad del país asiático. Después de haber dejado su tierra de origen, es muy posible que vuelvan a su lugar natal a través de sus obras. Los estudios de formación de la imagen literaria han descubierto una significación notablemente variada en la presentación de las imágenes de los países de origen. En este sentido, los escritores norcoreanos que viven fuera de la RPDC tienen un papel extraordinario al abordar el universo de su país. Sus obras literarias transmiten problemas internos complejos al mundo exterior, presentándolos de una manera más contundente y evidente para el lector. En este sentido, la presente investigación es un esfuerzo por analizar cómo y a través de qué medios el poeta refugiado Jang Jin-seong se refiere a la RPDC en sus versos. Así pues, en el camino hacia el objetivo declarado, el trabajo busca examinar las imágenes del país asiático encontradas en los discursos literarios del autor. Para lograr el propósito del estudio recurrimos a sus versos publicados en Corea del Sur, ofreciendo también traducción de los extractos citados del coreano al español.
Movimientos estudiantiles años 60, 70 y 80 en Corea del Sur y su aporte para la democracia del país
Authors: Méndez Ospina Angelica
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación es mostrar las similitudes y diferencias que existieron entre los movimientos estudiantiles de los años 60, 70 y 80 en Corea del Sur. Así mismo, explorar los motivos por los cuales los civiles decidieron marchar para protestar en contra del gobierno. Además, se describirá el rol de los estudiantes en estos años, cuáles fueron las consecuencias y qué sucedió con la democracia. Finalmente, se expondrá, si existió algún tipo de organización en estos movimientos y si dejaron algún legado que pueda verse en el presente.
Política pública para las finanzas digitales en Corea del Sur y su transferencia hacia el Sureste de Asia
Authors: Zerpa de Hurtado Sadcidi
Published: December 2024

El desarrollo de políticas públicas para las Startups Fintech en Corea del Sur reglamentó y ordenó el acceso y permiso público para su pleno funcionamiento. En 2023, las asociaciones en el mercado nacional de diferentes y variados usuarios de las finanzas digitales respondieron a la realidad de la economía digital. Las mayores exigencias en términos de incubación, aceleración y mejora de la inclusión financiera condujeron a la transferencia de infraestructura digital y apoyo positivo para la conformación del mercado financiero digital en la región del Sureste de Asia. Las políticas nacionales se expandieron hacia la región mediante el modelo de apoyo y cooperación Shinhan Future´s Lab. Su contribución fue garantizar oportunidades para firmar acuerdos en beneficio de los jóvenes emprendedores y solución de problemas colaterales en la región. A través de una metodología argumentativa secuencial, se comprueba la hipótesis del trabajo que señala que la política gubernamental para la innovación e instalación de las Startups Fintech en Corea del Sur desarrolló las finanzas digitales surcoreanas y apoyó la transferencia de infraestructura digital nacional hacia el Sureste de Asia en el periodo 2019-2022.
Percepção da pandemia de COVID-19 e repercussões no cotidiano de mulheres
Authors: Santos-Lima Beatriz , Faro André , Reis Catiele
Published: December 2024

OBJETIVO: Este estudo objetivou investigar a percepção acerca da pandemia de COVID-19 e suas repercussões no cotidiano de mulheres, bem como identificar os principais elementos desencadeadores de sofrimento psicológico. MÉTODO: Foram realizadas entrevistas virtuais a partir de um roteiro semi-estruturado, entre maio e agosto de 2020, contando com 55 mulheres. A duração média das entrevistas foi de 20 minutos, as quais foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra, com autorização das participantes. As perguntas abordavam questões relativas à saúde mental e à crise de Covid-19. O conteúdo foi analisado por meio do software IRAMUTEQ e método da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD). Os princípios éticos foram observados rigorosamente, incluindo confidencialidade dos dados e aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética. RESULTADOS: Os resultados constituíram um dendrograma com dois eixos: Impactos no cotidiano e Vida após a crise. Quatro classes de conteúdo ilustraram as principais preocupações com os desdobramentos da pandemia, sendo que cada classe se referiu a um aspecto da pandemia, a saber: Nova rotina (27,1%), Futuro imaginado (23,1%), Impacto socioeconômico inicial (23,9%) e Temor do contágio (25,9%). CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Por fim, constatou-se que as mudanças advindas da Covid-19 desencadearam sofrimento psicológico. Sugere-se que sejam realizados novos estudos acerca das repercussões da pandemia uma vez que esse cenário requer cuidado continuado, especialmente no pós-pandemia.
RNA extraction & depletion v2
Authors: Weng Nils
Published: December 2024

This protocol provides a detailed methodology for the extraction and purification of RNA from both enrichment cultures and sampels from anaerobic digesters. The targeted microbial communities include organisms relevant to the anaerobic digestion process. Protocol overview: 1. Sample preparation Protocol includes description for; a) Samples from enrichment/pure cultures. b) Samples from anaerobic digesters. 2. RNA extraction & purification RNA is extracted using TriZol/Chloroform extraction. Extraction is followed by purification using Quick-RNA™ Fecal/Soil Microbe Microprep kit, excluding the cell lysis and extraction step included in the kit. Kit protocol is followed from step 4. 3. Quality control Agilent 2100 BioAnalyzer used for quality control and concentration measurement. The assay "Prokaryote Total RNA Nano Series II" is used at this step. 4. rRNA depletion Ribosomal RNA is removed using the Pan-Prokaryote riboPOOL kit, followed by ethanol precipitation. 5. Concentration measurement Agilent 2100 BioAnalyzer used for quality control and concentration measurement. The assay "mRNA Nano Series II" is used at this step. It is recommended that Sample preparation, RNA extraction & purification, and Quality control is carried out without pause. After the quality control, samples can be stored at -80ºC until further processing.
Cloning of Tobacco TA29 and Sesame GN13 promoters in plant expression vector for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation v1
Authors: Jyoti Debnath Anirban , Basu Debabrata
Published: December 2024

The protocol describes the molecular cloning steps of two genomic upstream elements (hereafter, promoters): TA29 of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and GN13 of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The TA29 is a well-known anther-specific promoter of the tobacco TA29 gene. The GN13 is the anther-specific promoter of the sesame β-1,3-glucanase gene. In this protocol, these promoters were PCR-amplified from the respective plants and incorporated into the plant expression vector pCAMBIA 2301 replacing its CaMV35S promoter and fusing with the GUS reporter gene. The recombinant constructs were mobilised into Escherichia coli strain DH5α using heat shock transformation. The correctness and integrity of the inserted promoters were checked by PCR, restriction digestion and DNA sequencing. Plasmids were isolated from the positive E. coli clone with the highest sequence homology of the inserted promoter(s) and mobilised into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404. These transformed A. tumefaciens harbouring the TA29 and GN13 promoters can be used in subsequent transgenesis-mediated anther-specific GUS expression studies.
Alignment of a Hidden Palindrome
Authors: Zverkov Oleg , Seliverstov Alexandr , Shilovsky Gregory
Published: December 2024

The aim of the work is to generalize known algorithms to solve new problems arising in bioinformatics. We consider algorithms for optimizing the edit distance between sequences, the first of which is known and the second is a hidden palindrome of arbitrary length. It is important that the length of the desired palindrome is determined as a result of optimization. In the first task, it is necessary to select a palindrome from the ensemble of palindromes defined by the second input sequence. In this case, the original sequences may not contain the desired palindrome entirely. But the second sequence contains half of the desired palindrome. The first input sequence is used for optimization. In another task, such a palindrome may be partial, that is, only a prefix is complementary to a suffix. Such a partial palindrome forms a hairpin. The new algorithms run in quadratic time, which is faster than exhaustive search of admissible palindromes. The algorithms essentially exploit the linear dependence of the edit distance on the length of a continuous deletion or insertion. On the other hand, the algorithm for solving the first task allows us to calculate the similarity of a given sequence to any palindrome. However, in general, comparing two different sequences does not reduce to finding palindromes in each of them. Fast search for suboptimal solutions is also discussed. Software implementations of the considered algorithms are created. They are available at http://lab6.iitp.ru/-/pali. Some examples of nucleotide sequences with degenerate inverted repeats are given. In particular, we consider inverted repeats in noncoding regions of plastid DNA in flowering plants as well as microRNA genes. The possible application of our method to the search for conservative secondary structures of RNA is also discussed.
Modeling Of Charge Dynamics in Synthetic DNA under the Influence of an External Electric Field
Authors: Fialko N.S.
Published: December 2024

Based on the Holstein polaron model, the problem of modeling Bloch oscillations of a quantum charged particle in a chain of classical sites placed in a uniform electric field is considered. As is known, in a rigid lattice, Bloch oscillations describe charge oscillations under the influence of a constant electric field. Biopolymers are considered as non-rigid lattice, and movement of lattice sites have significant effect on the charge dynamics. Most of the computational experiments were carried out with the parameters values of homogeneous polyguanine fragments of DNA. At the initial moment, the charge “arises” at one site of the chain placed in a field with constant intensity, so charge have no time to form a polaron. The dynamics of charge in an unperturbed chain (at zero temperature) is simulated. Minimum chain length is estimated, for which end effects have not influence on the charge dynamics during Bloch oscillations. For the center of mass motion of the charge, a comparative analysis was carried out with the dynamics of the polaron, previously studied by Korshunova and Lakhno. A simulation of Bloch charge oscillations at a finite temperature was performed. To determine the frequency of charge oscillations, in addition to visual control, a Fourier series expansion was used. It is shown that averaging over realizations leads to smoothing of oscillations, which complicates the study of the influence of temperature on Bloch oscillations. Based on the simulation results, we assume that it is necessary to study the dynamics of individual implementations in more detail, in order to determine the temperature at which Bloch oscillations are disrupted.
Pandangan Hidup Islam dan Matlamat Pendidikan Indonesia: Satu Kajian Sistematik
Authors: Mohamed Saniff Shereeza
Published: December 2024

Matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji wacana sedia ada mengenai kepentingan pandangan hidup Islam dengan matlamat pendidikan Indonesia. Untuk mencapai objektif kajian ini, makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritis dan mensintesis kecenderungan kajian terkini yang berkaitan dengan pandangan hidup Islam dan matlamat pendidikan Indonesia. Kajian ini menggunakan kajian sistematik untuk penulisan akademik berdasarkan tiga pangkalan data. Berdasarkan tinjauan sistematik literatur (SLR) yang dilakukan, terdapat 124 artikel telah ditemui menggunakan kata kunci Pendidikan Islam, Pandangan Hidup Islam, dan Matlamat Pendidikan Indonesia. Walau bagaimanapun, setelah menilai keseluruhan aspek artikel, merangkumi judul, abstrak dan kandungan teks, didapati hanya 17 artikel layak dianalisis selepas lulus proses penapisan. Penemuan berdasarkan SLR yang dijalankan menunjukkan bahawa walaupun terdapat kajian-kajian berkenaan pandangan hidup Islam dalam pendidikan Indonesia telah dijalankan, namun fokus kajian-kajian tersebut adalah untuk menganalisis matlamat pendidikan Indonesia berdasarkan skop yang lebih umum iaitu berpandukan perspektif Islam atau al-Quran tanpa menghubungkan dengan lebih jelas pandangan hidup Islam yang bersifat lebih spesifik, yang merupakan fokus kajian ini. Oleh itu, hasil dapatan SLR ini menunjukkan bahawa terdapat keperluan untuk mengkaji lebih lanjut tentang kepentingan pandangan hidup Islam bagi dijadikan asas untuk mencapai kesejahteraan menerusi matlamat pendidikan Indonesia.