bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERANCANGAN VIDEO ANIMASI EDUKATIF PERUBAHAN ENERGI PADA SISWA KELAS TIGA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sevtiana Agus , Saputra Guntur Tri , Wisata Dino
Published: February 2021

Media Pembelajaran merupakan suatu alat untuk mengkomunikasikan suatu pelajaran dari guru/pengajar untuk dapat membuat anak didik lebih mengerti dengan materi ajar. SDN 1 JATISEENG adalah sebagai objek penelitian karena selain telah menorehkan banyak prestasi di sekolah dasar yang berlokasi di kecamatan Ciledug kabupaten Cirebon ini belum memiliki media pembelajaran dalam bentuk video edukatif, dari hasil survei terhadap obyek yang penulis teliti, sekitar 28% responden anak didik merasa kesulitan dalam memahami pelajaran dan sekitar 84% tertarik untuk belajar dengan metode baru yang lebih inovatif.Teknik ini sangat menarik dan inovatif sehingga mempunyai daya tarik tersendiri bagi siswa didik dan membuat pemahaman terhadap materi bertambah, video edukatif ini akan digunakan saat mata pelajaran IPA berlangsung yaitu pada saat anak didik kelas 3 sekolah dasar mendapat materi Energi dan Perubahannya. Anime Studio Pro, Blender 3D dan Cyberlink Power Director adalah perangkat lunak untuk membuat teknik animasi dan Adobe Flash untuk membuat interaksi antar video dan pengguna.Setelah melakukan test/trial di sekolah dasar negeri 1 Jatiseeng yang ada di kecamatan Ciledug Kabupaten Cirebon, video edukatif “Energi dan Perubahannya” dengan teknik animasi ini mendapatkan hasil yang baik dengan 84% responden anak didik mengerti dengan materi yang disampaikan dalam animasi, 70% anak didik lebih memilih belajar dengan animasi dibanding dikelas dan 100 % setuju animasi diterapkan di kelas ketika belajar berlangsung.

Kata kunci : video edukatif, animasi, sekolah dasar, energi dan perubahannya.
Living Fence: Ethnobotanical Study on Plant Utilization in Simeuue Island, Aceh Darussalam
Authors: Royyani Mohammad Fathi
Published: February 2021

This is an ethnobotanical article that explains the use of plants by the people of Simeulue Island, Aceh to protect open agricultural fields (ladang) and rice fields (sawah) from free roaming-grazing livestock, particularly water buffalo, cows, and goats. In Simeulue, the livestock  are released roaming free for food.  In order to protect the open agricultural and rice fields, the people of Simeulue Island various species of plants are planted as living fences. The species selected are based on the local knowledge of plant morphology. The result of the current study indicates that 23 species of plants are implemented, in which the seeds and seedlings are found in the forests near the villages. In 2007, one foreign species known locally as ‘gamel’ (Gliricidia sepium; Fabaceae, the South American original) has been introduced for their easy planted, fast growing nature, and have been widely planted since.

 

Kajian ini hendak melihat pemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai pagar hidup yang melindungi lahan pertanian dan perkebunan dari hewan ternak yang dilepas-liarkan sehingga masuk ke lahan perkebunan masyarakat dan memakan tanaman. Untuk mengantisipasinya, masyarakat membuat pagar hidup yang berupa jenis-jenis pohon yang ditanam mengelilingi lahan. Melalui penelitian etnobotani diketahui bahwa masyarakat memilih jenis-jenis pohon yang dijadikan pagar hidup berdasarkan pengetahuan lokal terkait dengan tumbuhan. Jenis-jenis yang dipilih adalah jenis-jenis yang mudah tumbuh dan bisa bertahan dalam kerapatan. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui terdapat 23 jenis tumbuhan yang digunakan untuk pagar hidup. Dari jumlah tersebut sebagian besar tumbuh di hutan sekitar pemukiman mereka. Sejak tahun 2007 satu jenis baru, ‘gamel’ (Gliricidia sepium; Fabaceae, jenis asli Amerika Selatan) didatangkan dan ditanam menggantikan jenis lama. Tanaman baru ini lebih mudah ditanam, cepat tumbuh, dan kini sudah ditanam secara luas.
Files d’attente variables dans le temps : une approche à deux échelles temporelles
Authors: YIN George , ZHANG Hanqin , ZHANG Qing
Published: February 2021

Ce chapitre concerne les files d’attente variables dans le temps, avec abandon des clients et salles d’attente finies. Une approche en chaîne de Markov à deux échelles temporelles est utilisée. Les écarts modérés et les écarts importants sont pris en compte lorsque la séparation des échelles de temps est en vigueur. Dans l’étude, une expression générale de la fonction de taux est fournie. Un exemple numérique est également inclus pour illustrer le calcul de la fonction de taux.
Mélange de paramètres dans les files d’attente à serveur infini
Authors: VAN KREVELD Lucas , BOXMA Onno
Published: February 2021

Nous considérons deux modèles de files d’attente à serveur infini avec un processus d’arrivée de Poisson. La particularité est que l’intensité de l’arrivée est rééchantillonnée à des intervalles de temps exponentiels (modèle 1) ou à l’époque du changement d’état du processus de Markov (modèle 2). Nos principaux résultats incluent les instants en régime transitoire et en régime permanent du nombre de clients.
Limites de diffusion et gaussiennes pour les réseaux de files d’attente multicanaux
Authors: LEBEDEV Eugene , LIVINSKA Hanna
Published: February 2021

Ce chapitre donne des résultats de base sur la diffusion et l’approximation gaussienne des réseaux de files d’attente multicanaux dans des conditions de trafic dense. L’approche locale est utilisée pour l’approximation de diffusion du processus de service dans le cas d’une structure clairement définie des flux d’entrée. Pour les flux d’entrée plus complexes, le processus limite est décrit comme un processus gaussien multidimensionnel. Les caractéristiques des processus limites dans les deux cas sont spécifiées via les paramètres du réseau. Ce chapitre donne des résultats de base sur la diffusion et l’approximation gaussienne des réseaux de files d’attente multicanaux dans des conditions de trafic dense. L’approche locale est utilisée pour l’approximation de diffusion du processus de service dans le cas d’une structure clairement définie des flux d’entrée. Pour les flux d’entrée plus complexes, le processus limite est décrit comme un processus gaussien multidimensionnel. Les caractéristiques des processus limites dans les deux cas sont spécifiées via les paramètres du réseau.
Estimation de probabilité d’événements rares
Authors: BOURINET Jean-Marc
Published: February 2021

Ce chapitre aborde l’estimation de probabilités faibles utiles pour l’analyse de la fiabilité de systèmes à fortes exigences de sûreté. La présentation inclut les méthodes FORM et SORM connues en fiabilité structurale, mais également les méthodes basées sur un échantillonnage naïf (Monte-Carlo) ou préférentiel (tirage d’importance, subset simulation). La sensibilité de la probabilité de défaillance calculée est également introduite.
Contours et enjeux de l’accessibilité
Authors: EBERSOLD Serge
Published: February 2021

Ce chapitre s’intéresse aux conditions d’institutionnalisation de l’impératif d’accessibilité en éducation. Il insiste sur l’avènement de nouvelles conceptions de la justice sociale pour ensuite décrire les conceptions dominantes de l’accessibilité qui le caractérisent. Il rapporte enfin l’impératif d’accessibilité à une redéfinition des rôles et des missions de l’école et à la consécration de nouvelles formes de normativité.
Impératif d’accessibilité et politiques d’évaluation
Authors: MONS Nathalie
Published: February 2021

Les quatre dernières décennies ont été marquées par un développement des dispositifs d’évaluation (évaluation des acquis des élèves, des établissements scolaires, des politiques éducatives, etc.). Ce chapitre analyse comment le nouveau paradigme post-bureaucratique, qui résulte de ce phénomène, croise sur de multiples dimensions les orientations de l’impératif de l’accessibilité (contextualisation des droits, promotion de solidarités individuelles à travers le principe d’équité, responsabilité sociale des établissements scolaires, individualisation des pratiques pédagogiques, etc.).
Ice nucleation on surrogates of boreal forest SOA particles: effect of
water content and oxidative age
Authors: Piedehierro Ana A. , Welti André , Buchholtz Angela , Korhonen Kimmo , Pullinen Iida , Summanen Ilkka , Virtanen Annele , Laaksonen Ari
Published: February 2021

Abstract. α-pinene is an abundant volatile organic compound (VOC) emitted by boreal forests and a source of atmospheric Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA). This precursor is commonly used as a model compound for SOA studies representing boreal forest emissions. α-pinene SOA particles can have a highly viscous solid or semi-solid phase state depending on water content, temperature and oxidative age. The phase state (or viscosity) of SOA particles has multiple effects on the chemical and physical processes in which SOA particles are involved; one of the affected processes is ice formation. We investigate the effect of water content and oxidative age on ice nucleation using 100 nm quasi-monodisperse particles of boreal forest SOA surrogates . Ice nucleation experiments are conducted in the temperature range between 210 and 240 K and from ice to water saturation using the Spectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN). The effect of the particle water content on the ice nucleation process is tested by preconditioning α-pinene SOA at different humidity (40 %, 10 % and <1 % RHw). The influence of the particle oxidative age is tested by varying their O : C ratio (oxygen-to-carbon ratios, O : C ∼ 0.45, 0.8, 1.1). To assess the suitability of α-pinene as a model compound to study the ice nucleation properties of boreal forest SOA and to confirm the atmospheric relevance of our findings, we compare them to measurements of SOA using pine-needle oil or Scots pine tree emissions as precursors. The ice nucleation measurements show that surrogates of boreal forest SOA particles promote only homogeneous ice formation. An effect of preconditioning humidity on homogeneous ice nucleation could be observed. Contrary to the expected behavior, homogeneous freezing is suppressed for SOA particles with high water content (preconditioned at 40 % RHw) and was only observed for SOA preconditioned at low RHw (≤ 10 %). No dependence of homogeneous freezing on the SOA oxidative age was observed. The results can be explained by a significant change of particulate water diffusivity as a function of humidity (from 10 % to 40 % RHw) at 293 K, where the aerosol is preconditioned. On dry SOA particles, water diffusion into the particle is slow enough to form a core-shell morphology with an outer layer that can equilibrate within the timescale of the experiment and freeze homogeneously. On SOA particles with higher water content, water diffuses faster into the particle, delaying equilibration at the particle surface and preventing the formation of a diluted shell, which can delay homogeneous freezing. To predict if a core-shell develops, we propose that the partial water vapor pressure particles are exposed to prior to an experiment can serve as an indicator.
Contrasting characteristics of open- and closed- cellular
stratocumulus cloud in the Eastern North Atlantic
Authors: Jensen Michael P. , Ghate Virendra P. , Wang Dié , Apoznanski Diana K. , Bartholomew Mary J. , Giangrande Scott E. , Johnson Karen L. , Thieman Mandana M.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Extensive regions of marine boundary layer cloud impact the radiative balance through their significant shortwave albedo while having little impact on outgoing longwave radiation. Despite this importance, these cloud systems remain poorly represented in large-scale models due to difficulty in representing the processes that drive their lifecycle and coverage. In particular, the mesoscale organization, and cellular structure of marine boundary clouds has important implications for the subsequent cloud feedbacks. In this study, we use long-term (2013–2018) observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Facility's Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) site on Graciosa Island, Azores, Portugal to identify cloud cases with open- or closed-cellular organization. More than 500 hours of each organization type are identified. The ARM observations are combined with reanalysis and satellite products to quantify the cloud, precipitation, aerosol, thermodynamic and large-scale synoptic characteristics associated with these cloud types. Our analysis shows that both cloud organization populations occur during similar sea surface temperature conditions, but the open-cell cases are distinguished by stronger cold-air advection and large-scale subsidence compared to the closed-cell cases, consistent with their formation during cold-air outbreaks. We also find that the open-cell cases were associated with deeper boundary layers, stronger low-level winds, and higher-rain rates compared to their closed-cell counterparts. Finally, raindrops with diameters larger than one millimeter were routinely recorded at the surface during both populations, with a higher number of large drops during the open-cellular cases. The similarities and differences noted herein provide important insights into the environmental and cloud characteristics during varying marine boundary layer cloud mesoscale organization and will be useful for the evaluation of model simulations for ENA marine clouds.
Reviews and syntheses: Impacts of plant-silica–herbivore interactions on terrestrial biogeochemical cycling
Authors: Hwang Bernice C. , Metcalfe Daniel B.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Researchers have known for decades that silicon plays a major role
in biogeochemical and plant–soil processes in terrestrial systems.
Meanwhile, plant biologists continue to uncover a growing list of benefits
derived from silicon to combat abiotic and biotic stresses, such as defense
against herbivory. Yet despite growing recognition of herbivores as
important ecosystem engineers, many major gaps remain in our understanding
of how silicon and herbivory interact to shape biogeochemical processes,
particularly in natural systems. We review and synthesize 119 available
studies directly investigating silicon and herbivory to summarize key trends
and highlight research gaps and opportunities. Categorizing studies by
multiple ecosystem, plant, and herbivore characteristics, we find
substantial evidence for a wide variety of important interactions between
plant silicon and herbivory but highlight the need for more research
particularly in non-graminoid-dominated vegetation outside of the temperate
biome as well as on the potential effects of herbivory on silicon cycling.
Continuing to overlook silicon–herbivory dynamics in natural ecosystems
limits our understanding of potentially critical animal–plant–soil feedbacks
necessary to inform land management decisions and to refine global models of
environmental change.
Room-temperature hyperpolarization of polycrystalline samples with optically polarized triplet electrons: pentacene or nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond?
Authors: Miyanishi Koichiro , Segawa Takuya F. , Takeda Kazuyuki , Ohki Izuru , Onoda Shinobu , Ohshima Takeshi , Abe Hiroshi , Takashima Hideaki , Takeuchi Shigeki , Shames Alexander I. , Morita Kohki , Wang Yu , So Frederick T.-K. , Terada Daiki , Igarashi Ryuji , Kagawa Akinori , Kitagawa Masahiro , Mizuochi Norikazu , Shirakawa Masahiro , Negoro Makoto
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We demonstrate room-temperature 13C hyperpolarization by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) using optically polarized triplet electron spins in two polycrystalline systems: pentacene-doped [carboxyl-13C] benzoic acid and microdiamonds containing nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centers. For both samples, the integrated solid effect (ISE) is used to polarize the 13C spin system in magnetic fields of 350–400 mT. In the benzoic acid sample, the 13C spin polarization is enhanced by up to 0.12 % through direct electron-to-13C polarization transfer without performing dynamic 1H polarization followed by 1H−13C cross-polarization. In addition, the ISE has been successfully applied to polarize naturally abundant 13C spins in a microdiamond sample to 0.01 %. To characterize the buildup of the 13C polarization, we discuss the efficiencies of direct polarization transfer between the electron and 13C spins as well as that of 13C−13C spin diffusion, examining various parameters which are beneficial or detrimental for successful bulk dynamic 13C polarization.
Diapycnal mixing across the photic zone of the NE Atlantic
Authors: van Haren Hans , Brussaard Corina P. D. , Gerringa Loes J. A. , van Manen Mathijs H. , Middag Rob , Groenewegen Ruud
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Variable physical conditions such as vertical turbulent exchange, internal wave, and mesoscale eddy action affect the availability of light and
nutrients for phytoplankton (unicellular algae) growth. It is hypothesized that changes in ocean temperature may affect ocean vertical density
stratification, which may hamper vertical exchange. In order to quantify variations in physical conditions in the northeast Atlantic Ocean, we
sampled a latitudinal transect along 17 ± 5∘ W between 30 and 63∘ N in summer. A shipborne conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) instrumented package was used with a custom-made modification of the pump inlet to minimize detrimental effects of ship motions on its data. Thorpe-scale analysis was used to establish turbulence values for the upper 500 m from three to six profiles obtained in a short CTD yo-yo, 3 to 5 h after local sunrise. From south to north, average temperature decreased together with stratification while turbulence values weakly increased or remained constant. Vertical turbulent nutrient fluxes did not vary significantly with stratification and latitude. This apparent lack of correspondence between turbulent mixing and temperature is likely due to internal waves breaking (increased stratification can support more
internal waves), acting as a potential feedback mechanism. As this feedback mechanism mediates potential physical environment changes in temperature, global surface ocean warming may not affect the vertical nutrient fluxes to a large degree. We urge modellers to test this deduction as it could imply that the future summer phytoplankton productivity in stratified oligotrophic waters would experience little alterations in nutrient input from deeper waters.
Estimating the Absolute Salinity of China Sea
Using Nutrients and Inorganic Carbon Data
Authors: Ji Fengying , Pawlowicz Rich , Xiong Xuejun
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In June 2009, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO released the international thermodynamic equation of seawater – 2010 (TEOS-10 for short) to define, describe and calculate the thermodynamic properties of seawater. Compared to the Equation of State-1980 (EOS-80 for short), the most obvious change with TEOS-10 is the use of Absolute Salinity as salinity argument, replacing the Practical Salinity used in the oceanographic community for 30 years. Due to the lack of observational data, the applicability of the potentially increased accuracy in Absolute Salinity algorithms for coastal and semi-enclosed seas is not very clear to date. Here, we discuss the magnitude, distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of Absolute Salinity and Salinity Anomaly in Chinese shelf waters, based on the Marine Integrated Investigation and Evaluation Project of China Offshore and other relevant data. The Absolute Salinity SA ranges from 0.1 to 34.66 g·kg−1. Instead of silicate, CaCO3 originating from terrestrial input and re-dissolution of shelf sediment is most likely the main composition anomaly relative to SSW and the primary contributor to the Absolute Salinity Anomaly δSA. Finally, relevant suggestions are proposed for the accurate measurement and expression of Absolute Salinity of the China offshore.
Trends of University Students Towards the Use of YouTube and the Benefits Achieved - Field study on a sample of Al Ain University students
Authors:   Al Ain University, UAE, Aissani Rahima , Awad ElRefae Ghaleb ,   Al Ain University, UAE
Published: February 2021

The study focuses on revealing Al Ain University students ’attitudes toward using YouTube and the achieved gratifications. To achieve this goal, three main questions have been asked: To what extent do Al Ain University students use YouTube? What are the motivations for Al Ain University students to use YouTube? And what are Al Ain University students ’attitudes toward using YouTube? The study adopted the available sample method, and the descriptive survey method for You-Tube users. The most important results of the study were as follows: - YouTube ranked fourth in the order of usage rates for the sampled students. - YouTube usage time varied with age. - There is no variation in the duration of use of the YouTube site, according to gender, degree and grade point average (GPA) of the student. -The students’ answers to the total 23 phrases used by the researcher in measuring their attitudes towards using YouTube and the verifications obtained from him determined four factors that affect the continued adoption of YouTube use. The four factors are namely: study and learning, Communication with others, escape from problems, and Leisure and entertainment.
The Role of Knowledge Management Processes in Improving the Strategic Agility in Non- Governmental Organizations- Gaza Strip
Authors:   Israa University, Palestine, EL shanty Mahmoud A.I , Shaban Elshareef Tahreer ,   Al Noor Community Organization, Palestine
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to identify the role of knowledge management processes in improving the strategic agility. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed as the main tool for collecting the necessary data and the descriptive analytical approach was applied. The study population consisted of all employees from the non-governmental organizations that work in Gaza Strip (N=3167). The stratified random sampling technique was used where their number was 343 questionnaires, 400 questionnaires were distributed and 355 questionnaires were collected that were suitable for analysis purposes with response rate of 93.2%. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. The following results were reached: The percentages of the level of knowledge management practices in general, and the strategical agility were high; with the percentages of 69.99% and 70.95% respectively. Knowledge management processes have a statistical significant impact on the strategic agility and explained 84.0% of variance in the dependent variable. The study recommended a need for non-governmental organizations to adopt the concept of knowledge management as an approach to improve the overall performance, as well as to increase their capacity to adapt to the surrounding changes in order to increase strategic agility.
Um Design Curricular de Formação: Uma Nova Racionalidade Em Construção
Authors: Ranghetti Diva Spezia , Gesser Verônica
Published: February 2021

Este artigo é resultado de estudos e pesquisas realizadas, na literatura educacional, nas duas últimas décadas, que discutem o currículo para formação de professores. Em termos de estrutura e de conteúdo as pesquisas apontam que os currículos de formação de professores devem partir da análise da função docente e das tarefas de ensino. Diante disto, pensamos numa proposta curricular que contempla, em sua matriz, os problemas reais do contexto da formação, a pesquisa, o ser humano como construtor da própria história e co-responsável pela formação profissional. Portanto, o currículo vai se compondo ao longo do processo, visto que se faz e se refaz na/pela interação e relações que se estabelecem na/pela história e historicidade dos seres e dos conhecimentos, na medida em que cada ser humano produz a sua vida e sua profissão.
Alternativas metodológicas para licenciaturas em Artes: relato de uma experiência
Authors: Scheiffler Ismael
Published: February 2021

No presente texto, desenvolvo um relato da experiência que tenho vivenciado junto a implantação dos cursos de Licenciatura em Artes Visuais e Licenciatura em Música na Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, nos anos de 2004 e 2005. Os cursos, estabelecidos em Eixos Temáticos e Núcleos de Conhecimento, trazem novas possibilidades pedagógicas e novos desafios. No relato, observo com maior atenção a estrutura e o desenvolvimento das atividades de Prática II, que passa pela apreciação artística, pela inserção no contexto escolar através da arte, por atividades em sala de aula e por sua associação à pesquisa em arte, bem como o que foi desenvolvido com relação à pesquisa nos primeiros e segundos anos dos cursos em 2004.
A monotematização da cobertura jornalística da Covid-19 no Jornal Nacional e Jornal da Record
Authors: Cajazeira Paulo , Antoniutti Cleide , Souza José , Cabral Neto Manoel Izidoro
Published: February 2021

This article aims tounderstand the journalistic processes of coverage of the Covid-19 pandemic by Jornal Nacional on TV Globo and Jornal da Record, on Record TV. The time frame for analysis began on January 18 to May 15, 2020, directing journalistic attention to the construction of a monothematic coverage of the Covid-19 pandemic. We believe that this monothematization process changed not only the coverage itself, but the audience, as well as an erasure of other events due to this health crisis. As a research method, we triedto use bibliographic, exploratory and Content Analysis (CA) techniques, based on the reports, in order to verify how the health and political crises intermingled and became a political crisis. public health. Thus, we understand that monothematic news coverage on TV has altered both the choice of themes to be shown on the news, as well as the viewing of a news program with the characteristics of a thematic journalistic program, such as Globo Repórter or Repórter Record.
Política e saúde em dois coletivos femininos nas redes sociais: uma análise durante a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Bertolli Filho Claudio , Durigan Gisleine
Published: February 2021

This article aims to analyze how users of online social networks, organized in two different collectives, reacted to the pandemic context, identifying their forms of interaction and investigating how relationships on digital platforms, especially on Facebook, can influence individual and collective behaviors. From the methodological frameworks of content analysis and in depth hermeneutics, two female groups with an expressive performancein the current political scenario were analyzed: “Women United Against Bolsonaro” and “Women of the Right United for Brazil”. The results obtained show the polarization in the positions regarding the pandemic coping measures and the significant presence of misinformation among the shared contents, that is, the sieve of the groups' positioning was more due to the political-partisan bias than to reliable scientific-institutional sources.
A food nonprofit's response to COVID-19: The Common Market leans on its mission to serve
Authors: Honan Caitlin
Published: February 2021

The Common Market is a nonprofit regional food distributor with a mission to connect communities with good food from sustainable family farms. Outputs of their work include improved food security, farm viability, and community and ecological health. The nonprofit services communities in its three active regions—the Mid-Atlantic, the Southeast, and Houston, Texas—by delivering healthy farm food to the institutions that serve them: schools, hospitals, eldercare facilities, early childhood education centers, etc. As the COVID-19 pandemic struck the nation, it shut down some of the nonprofit’s con­ventional wholesale outlets and exposed and intensified the issue of food insecurity throughout the country. The food hub prepared to lean on its mission intensely and creatively under these unprece­dented circumstances. Poised to test the limits of a regional food system, The Common Market unveiled the resilient spirits of its team, its partners, and the family farms that make up its network. This essay highlights partnerships that ignited meaningful impact for their farmer partners and helped meet the needs of vulnerable populations amidst the pandemic. . . .
Postmemory and Race: Thylias Moss and the African-Americanization of the Holocaust
Authors: Claborn John
Published: February 2021

Throughout her work, contemporary African-American poet Thylias Moss performs feats of poetic reimagining that challenge the assumed connection of collective memory and group history to racial identity—a connection that has recently received rigorous critique, particularly in Holocaust and trauma studies. Proposing what I call Moss’s “African-Americanization” of the Holocaust, and by contextualizing Moss’s work in the early 1990s phase of the “Americanization” of the Holocaust and drawing on Marianne Hirsch’s concept of postmemory, this article focuses on Moss’s Holocaust poems in order to grapple with her poetry’s disjunctive themes and collective histories. Exploding the logic of competitive victimhood, Moss’s poems show how African-American experience does not compete with but rather works as a mnemonic device for other traumatic histories and other genocides. Her unusual upbringing leads Moss to multiply connections across traumatic histories, collective memories, and African-American identity in her Holocaust poems, even playfully so through her grotesque and darkly comic figuration of events. Moss’s poems extend the reach of collective memory and racial identity, multiplying their possible relations against the backdrop of the Americanization of the Holocaust.
Management of rifampicin‐resistant TB: programme indicators and care cascade analysis in South Africa
Authors: De Vos E. , Scott L. , Voss De Lima Y. , Warren R. M. , Stevens W. , Hayes C. , da Silva P. , Van Rie A.
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Xpert® MTB/RIF was expected to revolutionise the management of rifampicin‐resistant TB (RR‐TB) by enabling rapid and decentralised diagnosis of rifampicin (RIF) resistance.METHODS: We performed a care cascade analysis for a
cohort of RR‐TB patients managed under programmatic conditions. Cumulative incidences of time to completion of the RR‐TB care cascade steps were estimated, reasons for delay or attrition from the cascade investigated and WHO programme indicators for monitoring of RR‐TB
programmes calculated.RESULTS: Of 502 patients diagnosed with RR‐TB using Xpert, 64% initiated multidrug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB) treatment immediately, 20% after some first‐line treatment, 16% never initiated MDR‐TB treatment, mainly because of death
(44%) or loss to follow‐up (26%) soon after diagnosis. A supplementary sputum sample was collected within 14 days of treatment in 58.8% of cases. Only 63% of RR‐TB cases were assessed for isoniazid resistance, and only 65% of MDR‐TB cases were evaluated for pre‐XDR‐TB
(extensively drug‐resistant TB). Treatment was individualised in 57% of pre‐XDR and 68% of XDR‐TB patients. Only 8% completed the entire RR‐TB care cascade as intended.CONCLUSION: Fidelity to the RR‐TB algorithm was poor, with substantial losses
at each step of the cascade, highlighting the fact that implementation of novel technologies needs to be accompanied by health system strengthening to maximise impact.
High‐resolution CT in smoking‐related interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Carlicchi E. , Caminati A. , Fughelli P. , Pelosi G. , Harari S. , Zompatori M.
Published: February 2021

In addition to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchogenic carcinoma, smoking can also cause interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) such as respiratory bronchiolitis (RB), RB with ILD (RB‐ILD), desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), Langerhans cell granulomatosis
(LCG) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis‐usual interstitial pneumonia (IPF‐UIP). However, smoking seems to have a protective effect against hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), sarcoidosis and organising pneumonia (OP). High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has a pivotal
role in the differential diagnosis. RB is extremely frequent in smokers, and is considered a marker for smoking exposure. It has no clinical relevance in itself since most patients with RB are asymptomatic. It is frequent to observe the association of RB with other smoking-related diseases,
such as LCG or pulmonary neoplasms. In RB‐ILD, HRCT features are more conspicuous and diffuse than in RB, but there is no definite cut‐off between the two entities and any distinction can only be made by integrating imaging and clinical data. RB, RB‐ILD and DIP may represent
different degrees of the same pathological process, consisting in a bronchiolar and alveolar inflammatory reaction to smoking. Smoking is also a well‐known risk factor for pulmonary fibrosis. Multidisciplinary discussion and follow‐up can generally solve even the most difficult
cases.
The plasma levels and diagnostic utility of matrix metalloproteinase-9
and marker CA 125 in patients with early stages of endometrial cancer
Authors: Lubowicka Emilia , Zbucka-Krętowska Monika , Sidorkiewicz Iwona , Mklif Emilia , Zajkowska Monika , Szmitkowski Maciej , Ławicki Sławomir
Published: February 2021

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women, and early diagnosis is associated with an increase in survival
rate. The most common cause for detecting this type of cancer is bleeding reported by women during gynecological visits. The cause
of late detection is insufficient sensitivity and specificity of commonly used tumor markers. That is why, search of new candidates for
tumor markers, which could at the earliest stage of the disease indicate the appearance of disturbing changes is still sought.

The aim of this study was to assess the concentration and diagnostic utility of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and CA125 in patients
with endometrial cancer.

The study group consisted of 70 women with diagnosed stage I or II of endometrial cancer. The control group consisted of 30 healthy
women. MMP-9 was determined in blood plasma by the immunoenzymatic method (ELISA), CA125 by chemiluminescence method(CMIA).
Diagnostic utility was determined based on parameters such as sensitivity (SE), diagnostic specificity (SP), positive(PPV) and
negative(NPV) predictive values.

Based on the analysis of the obtained results, MMP-9 showed higher SE (I-47.50%; II-56.57%; I+II-51.43%), PPV (I-90.48%; II-89.47%; I+II-94.75%) and NPV (I-57.14%; II-68.29%; I+II-45.16%) when compared to CA125 (SE: I-12.50%; II-40%; I+II-24.29%, PPV: I-71.43%; II-85.71%; I+II-89.47%, NPV: I-44.44%; II-60.87%; I+II-34.57%, respectively) in all examined endometrial cancer stages. The combined analysis of both parameters
resulted in increase of SE (I-50%; II-76.67%; I+II-61.43%) and NPV (I-56.52%; II-78.79%; I+II-49.06%) in each case.

These results suggest the usefulness of both examined parameters in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer, which may be a valuable
clinical examination in the form of diagnostic panel used in early diagnosis.
Demodex mites – characteristics, pathogenicity, diagnostics
Authors: Skonieczna Dominika , Sławianowska Paulina , Wesołowski Roland , Szewczyk-Golec Karolina
Published: February 2021

Demodex is a mite that colonise the human skin and thus can contribute to initiation of demodicosis – a disease caused in humans
by two species (D. folliculorum and D. brevis). Demodicosis mostly involves eyes and facial skin, whereas it has become increasingly
associated as an pathologic factor in diabetes mellitus and cancer. Demodex diagnostics is based on a simple classical microscopy. The
availability of modern molecular biology techniques helps to get to know interspecies diversity of Demodex. Local treatment with mercury
oxide, ointments containing metronidazole and combined therapy with ivermectin are used in the treatment of demodex invasion.
The effectivity of tea tree oil ointment (TTOO) has been also confirmed. Diagnostics towards the demodex mite colonization is gaining
in popularity. It is possible to diagnose it easily as a pathogenic factor in many diseases due to development of diagnostic methods.
Influence of the 1st International WHO EBV Standard
on quantitation of Epstein-Barr virus viral
load in serum samples
Authors: Przybylski Maciej , Majewska Anna , Żeber-Lubecka Natalia , Młynarczyk Grażyna , Dzieciątkowski Tomasz
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of normalization with 1st International WHO Standard for Epstein-Barr Virus
(EBV) on EBV DNA quantitation in 90 clinical serum samples obtained from hematopoietic stem cells transplant recipients.

Methods: EBV DNA loads (EDLs) obtained with the use of six different commercially available and in-house developed assays, including
various automated DNA extraction systems, real-time PCR tests and cyclers were compared, both before and after recalculation with
conversion factors obtained with 1st International WHO Standard for Epstein-Barr Virus

Results: None of six methods was able to detect EBV DNA in all 80 serum samples identified previously as positive but the most effective method turned out to be combination of MagnaPure, LC2.0 and EBV QK (sensitivity 90%). Conversion factors for compared assays, obtained with the WHO standards ranged from 0.998 (MagnaPure/LC2.0/EBV QK) to 1.138 (MagnaPure/LC2.0/In house). In two out of four comparisons, differences in the average EDLs, initially significant, have changed to statistically not significant after conversion to IU/mL.

Conclusions: Positive impact of EDLs standardization was shown, resulting in lower discrepancies between average values obtained
with various methods. Method-to-method variability was lower for samples with a higher EDLs (>3.5 log), regardless the units used.
Results showed the advantage of certain commercial methods over “in-house” method.
Criminal liability for performing laboratory diagnostics
without necessary authority
Authors: Kubiak Rafał
Published: February 2021

The laboratory diagnostician’s profession is classified as the so-called professions of public trust. One of their features is limiting access
to the profession through, among others, determining specific qualifications, education and skills, verified by appropriate bodies in the
legal procedure, and awarded with so-called right to practice. The purpose of this procedure is allowing professional activities to be
carried out only by persons who will guarantee their necessary quality. This requirement is particularly important in the case of medical
employees, whose activities determine the life and health of patients. The Polish legislator secured the implementation of these
requirements by means of the penal code. In art. 71 of the Act on laboratory diagnostics, a prohibited act has been described, which
included performing laboratory diagnostic activities by a person who does not possess the authority do so. This is called a halved act,
i.e. depending on the degree of social harm, may be considered an offense (section 1) or felony (section 2). This article discusses the
terms of criminal liability for this act, including the circumstances qualifying it as a felony, in the form of actions to obtain a financial
advantage or misleading as to the possession of authority. It explains who could be the perpetrator of this act and why the protection
of criminal law was restricted only to activities performed in the laboratory. Penalties and criminal measures that can be imposed for
this act, as well as the procedure for its prosecution, were also indicated. Deficiencies of this regulation and proposals for its amendment
are also presented. The argument has been enriched by judicial decisions illustrating the presented theses.
Quality in health care
Authors: Pintal-Ślimak Monika , Eusebio Makandjou-Ola , Pietruczuk Mirosława
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to present quality and its importance in healthcare. The article provides the definition of quality in reference
to healthcare. In this paper, we concentrate on three dimensions of quality of medical services and its shaping factors. The principles of
building a quality management system which remains the basis of quality standards in health care are presented.
Interlaboratory EQA programmes realized in 2017
by Centre for Quality Assessment in Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Przybył-Hac Barbara , Brzeziński Andrzej M. , Ciechowicz Jadwiga , Waszczuk-Łysiuk Dorota
Published: February 2021

In 2017, the Center for Quality Assessment in Laboratory Medicine conducted, in accordance with the adopted annual schedule, 28
editions of interlaboratory tests as part of the general program and the central program. The general program included tests in the
field of clinical chemistry, acid-base balance parameters and ISE electrolytes, hematology, coagulology and immunochemistry (basic,
extended and cardiac markers). In the common chemical program, four editions of tests were carried out, evaluating 8 different control
materials. The remaining programs were carried out with the frequency of 2 editions a year and evaluated only 4 different control
materials, with the exception of the acid-base balance program and ISE electrolytes (6 control materials per year). General program
tests were available to all MLD who performed routine testing of analytes within the scope of individual testing programs (over 1,500
medical diagnostic laboratories), and chemical tests under the central program, implemented for over 40 years, concerned about 250
selected laboratories. In all completed editions of the tests, a slight increase in the odometer of results assessed as correct according
to the adopted assessment criteria was observed. In 2017, participants of the programs were provided with a new certificate format
with annual regularity assessments and for the first time in a general program in the field of clinical chemistry, quality certificates were
issued in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health of 15 December 2017.
Usefulness of selected laboratory markers in stroke diagnosis
Authors: Gliński Paweł , Czapla Aleksandra , Rak-Pasikowska Alina , Sapa-Wojciechowska Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

Strokes and their complications are major clinical and social problems. Stroke diagnosis is limited to clinical and imaging evaluation – mainly by computed tomography (CT), which is particularly low sensitive to early ischemic stroke. Due to diagnostic problems, there are many studies conducted to find a laboratory marker of stroke, which can play similar role to troponins in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this article is to review scientific research in which the usefulness of potential stroke markers was assessed. Among analyzed parameters there are: inflammatory mediators (CRP, IL-1, IL-6, TNF– α, MCP-1, MMP-9), neural tissue markers (S100B protein, NSE, GFAP), coagulation and fibrinolysis components (vWF, D-dimer) and other markers – BNP, NT-proBNP, and osteoprotegerin. Some studies show the potential of laboratory markers in the differential diagnosis of the type of stroke, predicting the risk of mortality, or in patient’s condition assessment but yet none of the markers fulfill the criteria of a diagnostic test in stroke.
Relationship between asthenozoospermia and selected macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical semen parameters
Authors: Świerczyńska-Ciepłucha Anna , Marchlewska Katarzyna , Walczak-Jędrzejowska Renata , Filipiak Eliza , Słowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta
Published: February 2021

Asthenozoospermia is a sperm motility disorder in which <32% of spermatozoa show progressive motility, according to the World Health Organization definition (WHO, 2010). Among causes of male infertility asthenozoospermia accounts for nearly 19%. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between asthenozoospermia and selected macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical parameters of semen. The semen of 112 males from infertile couples was studied. Basic sperm analysis was performed by manual method according to the WHO 2010 guidelines. Macroscopic parameters (volume, pH) and microscopic (total sperm number and concentration, percentage of vital spermatozoa and with normal morphology) were evaluated. Biochemical parameters (neutral α-glucosidase activity – epididymis activity marker, fructose concentration – seminal vesicles activity marker, and citric acid – prostatic activity marker) were evaluated by spectrophotometric method. Patients with asthenozoospermia had a statistically significant decrease in the ejaculate volume, lower total sperm number and lower percentage of vital sperms, as well as lower fructose and citric acid concentrations in comparison to those without asthenozoospermia. There were statistically significant positive correlations between the percentage of spermatozoa showing progressive movement and the ejaculate volume, total number and concentration of spermatozoa, percentage of with normal vitality and morphology, as well as total fructose concentration in the ejaculate. Conclusions: Asthenozoospermia may be associated with abnormal macroscopic and microscopic semen parameters such as reduced ejaculate volume, reduced sperm count, reduced spermatozoa and normal morphology, and reduced biochemical parameters. Co-occurrence of abnormal macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical parameters of semen may indicate a common etiological factor for these disorders.
Chronic apical periodontitis as risk factor atherosclerosis and artery disease
Authors: Kimak Aleksandra , Tymczyna Barbara , Bachanek Teresa , Kimak Elżbieta , Solski Janusz
Published: February 2021

Periodontitis is caused by bacteria that are present in periodontal tissues also under physiological condition. Neglected hygiene may increase the number of microorganisms and the formation of chronic apical periodontitis (CAP). The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in inflammatory expression (hsCRP and LpPLA2 in adult patients one year after the end of endodontic treatment, thereby the risk analysis of cardiovascular disease.

Material and methods: Twenty-six patients who had history of inflammation outside the oral cavity were diagnosed with CAP before the treatment and one year after the end of endodontic treatment. The studied men and women were divided into two age groups: 50 above years (N = 13) and below 50 years (N = 13). In addition, the study groups were separated in relation to apoAI concentration, taking a cut-off of 150mg/dl. The therapeutic effect was achieved in 26 patients after endodontic treatment. The concentration of bio- chemical parameters – hsCRP and LpPLA2 as well as apoAI was evaluated using the commercially available methods. Statistical analysis was performed using the pair test for dependent samples.

Results: In patients below 50 years of age and 1 year after the end of treatment a significant reduction in hsCRP and LpPLA2 level was observed. Similarly, a statistically significant decrese in LpPLA2 concentration was observed in patients with apoAI>150 mg/dl.

Conclusions: In patients < 50years of age, after 1 year CAP treatment, the CAP inflammatory foci CAP were reduced and the inflammatory markers were normalized. Also in patients with a high apoAI level, reduced and the after treat suggested that elevated level of apoAI and LpPLA2 in HDL particles might reduce the inflammatory lesion size in CAP and might systemic complications. CAP, particularly in patients over 50 years of age and at an apoAI<150mg/dl and higher level of LpPLA2, is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and destabiliza- tion of atherosclerotic plaque. Endodontic treatment should be induced in medication of atherosclerosis and its complications both in primary and secondary prevention.