bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Baclofen-induced Encephalopathy in Patients with End-stage Kidney Disease – A Case Series
Authors: Mohan Dhanya , Kharraz Nahla , Al Jaghoub Hebah , Alsubbah Hamzeh , Alalawi Fakhriya , Alhadari Amna
Published: September 2022

Introduction/Background:

Baclofen is a centrally acting GABA B receptor agonist, widely used for the treatment of neurological diseases ranging from hiccups to multiple sclerosis. As the drug is mainly renally excreted, intoxication can rapidly develop in those patients with a reduced glomerular filtration rate. A strong index of clinical suspicion is essential to correctly diagnose the condition.

Case Presentation:

We report a case series of patients with advanced kidney disease and baclofen-induced encephalopathy that settled with discontinuation of the drug and hemodialysis sessions.

Conclusion:

We report this cluster of patients with baclofen toxicity to highlight the common occurrence of neurotoxicity after its use in patients with end-stage renal disease and its resolution after cessation of the drug and hemodialysis sessions.
TLR3 Polymorphisms in HIV-infected Individuals Naïve to ART
Authors: Singh HariOm , Samani Dharmesh
Published: September 2022

Background:

TLR3 polymorphisms affect the risk of HIV infection and modify the disease
course. Consequently, we analyzed the association of TLR3 polymorphism (rs5743312,
rs3775296, and rs3775291) with susceptibility to HIV-1 acquisition and disease progression.

Method:

This is a cross-sectional study. Genotyping of TLR3 polymorphisms is completed by utilizing
the PCR-RFLP technique in 153 HIV naive subjects and 158 healthy controls.

Result:

A haplotype is a physical grouping of genomic variants that tend to be inherited together.
The TCC haplotype was increased in HIV-infected individuals compared with healthy controls
(0.05% versus 0.03%). TLR3 rs3775291CT genotype was associated with the early stage of HIV infection
(OR = 2.19, P = 0.04), with a higher occurrence in the advanced stage of HIV infection
when contrasted with healthy controls (41.2% versus 32.3%). TLR3 rs3775296 CA genotype was
likely to be associated with the intermediate stage of HIV infection (19.5% versus 31.6%, OR =
0.42, P = 0.06). TLR3 rs5743312TT genotype was more prevalent in the advanced stage of HIV infection
compared with healthy controls (2.9% versus 1.9%). TLR3 rs3775296CA genotype was less
prevalent in HIV subjects devouring tobacco when contrasted with non-users (9.1% versus 34.9%,
OR = 0.25, P = 0.09). TLR3 rs3775296AA and rs3775291CT and TT genotypes have been
overrepresented in HIV subjects using alcohol when contrasted with non-users (5.6% versus 1.1%,
OR = 1.83, P = 0.67; 50.0% versus 42.2%, OR = 1.84, P = 0.31; 5.6% versus 3.3%, OR = 2.70, P
= 0.50). In the multivariate examination, the rs5743312TT genotype showed a greater risk for HIV
infection (OR = 1.86, P = 0.50).

Conclusion:

TLR3 rs3775291 C/T polymorphism may assist the risk of disease progression in alcohol
consumers. TLR3 rs3775291 CT genotype may enhance the disease progression, whereas the
TLR3 rs3775296 CA genotype may protect against disease progression.
Unraveling Major Proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Envelope
Authors: Bisht Deepa , Singh Rananjay , Sharma Devesh , Sharma Divakar , Gautam Sakshi , Gupta Mahendra Kumar
Published: September 2022

Although treatable, resistant form of tuberculosis (TB) has posed a major impediment to the
effective TB control programme. As the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell envelope is closely associated
with its virulence and resistance, it is very important to understand the cell envelope for better
treatment of causative pathogens. Cell membrane plays a crucial role in imparting various cell functions.
Proteins being the functional moiety, it is impossible to characterize the functional properties
based on genetic analysis alone. Proteomic based research has indicated mycobacterial envelope as a
good source of antigens/proteins. Envelope/membrane and associated proteins have an anticipated role
in biological processes, which could be of vital importance to the microbe, and hence could qualify as
drug targets. This review provides an overview of the prominent and biologically important cell envelope
and highlights the different functions offered by the proteins associated with it. Selective targeting
of the mycobacterial envelope offers an untapped opportunity to address the problems associated
with the current drug regimen and also will lead to the development of more potent and safer drugs
against all forms of tuberculous infections.
WITHDRAWN: Nutraceuticals: New Perspective and Approach to Prevent Dysmenorrhea
Authors: Wal Ankita , Wal Pranay , Gupta Divyanshi , Rai Awani k , Sharma Nisha , Sachan Kritika
Published: September 2022

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the corresponding author.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

Bentham Science Disclaimer:

It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously
submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere
must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting
the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the
authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright
of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
AChR+ Ocular Myasthenia and Facial Hemispasm: A Case Report of Unusual
Association and Botulinum Toxic Type A Safety and Efficacy
Authors: Zoccolella Stefano , Gigante Angelo Fabio , Misceo Salvatore
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Hemifacial spasm represents segmental myoclonus of muscles innervated
by the facial nerve, which is usually and successfully treated with botulinum toxin. Botulinum toxin
(BTX) acts as an acetylcholine release inhibitor at presynaptic cholinergic junctions and therefore
is considered contraindicated (or administrable with caution) in patients with neuromuscular
disorders like Myasthenia Gravis (MG). Moreover, to date, the association of hemifacial spasm and
ocular MG is extremely rare and only a few cases have been described.

Case Presentation:

We report the case of a 73 years old man with a 3-year history of ocular MG
who developed a left hemifacial spasm. The patient underwent hemispasm, treatment with BTX
type A (abobotulinum toxin-A, total dose of 50 IU) that resulted in safe and successful 6 months
re-evaluation.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that in selected cases with concomitant MG and conditions characterized
by orbicularis oculi spasms or hemispasm, BTX therapy may not be contraindicated and
could be given at longer intervals due to prolonged effects.
Stable Isotopic Analysis of Long-whiskered Catfish (Sperata aor) Otoliths
for Characterization of their Habitat and Relationship with Water Temperature
in the Ganges River
Authors: Ghosh Prosenjit , Nazir Aafaq , Sakthivel Thamizharasan , Khan M. Afzal
Published: September 2022

Background:

Spatial variability of stable isotope ratios in water from River Ganges is
preserved in aragonite or calcite present in otoliths and formed at equilibrium with ambient water.
This technique is used for a set of long-whiskered catfish aragonite otoliths from four different locations along the course of the River Ganges

Methods:

Acid digestion of otolith and the analysis of δ13C and δ18O in these carbonates using an
isotope ratio mass spectrometer allowed the distinction of fish habitat and provided an idea about
environmental conditions of water along the Ganges River.

Results:

The δ18O signature of otolith carbonate revealed a distinct compositional trend denoting
glacial water input in the upstream segment of the Ganges, close to the water reservoir at Narora.
However, the δ13C values remained constant, suggesting similar bicarbonate composition and food
intake along the stream length. The δ18O signature in otolith from Varanasi was unexpectedly
lighter and showed a tendency of the catfish population to migrate upstream segment of the river.
The fish from the Narora location showed the lowest δ18O values, denoting the signature of water
derived from the melting of a glacier. The heavier δ18O values were seen in the population from Kanpur. The upstream migration of fish population is indicated from the δ18O values of a fish otolith from
Varanasi and Bhagalpur. The Varanasi location shows aberration in δ18O signature in otoliths, and
this exists because this catfish moves to other places to avoid anthropogenic stress at this location

Conclusion:

The δ18O of otolith carbonate covaries with average environmental temperature recorded at the individual location and serves as an important thermometric measurement for marking
environmental conditions and stress in changing climatic parameters along the stream length of
River Ganges and its tributaries.
Heat Treatment of High Manganese Austenitic Steel: Structural and
Mechanical Properties
Authors: Lenda Omar Ben , M’ghari Oumayma , Ibnlfassi Amina , Yassine Youssef Ait , Ahmed Youssef Ait , Saad El Madani
Published: September 2022

Background:

Technological progress is based on the development of different types of materials.
Among the materials most solicited, we mention metals and alloys. The development of these materials
has been initiated and resulted in a wide range of metallic materials, including austenitic manganese,
constituting, until today, a center of interest for various research works given their wide use in the
industry as well as the recent progress by observation and characterization instruments.

Objective:

The aim of the paper is to investigate the heat treatment conditions of high manganese austenitic
steel and to determine their influence on the structure and mechanical properties.

Methods:

The samples were subjected to an austenitization treatment at five different temperatures: 980
°C, 1000 °C, 1020 °C, 1040 °C, and 1060 °C for 1 hour. The experimental techniques used are hardness,
nanoindentation tests, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Hardness and microhardness
measurements were performed to determine the wear behavior of the studied steels.

Result:

The results indicated that the temperature affects the microstructure; by increasing the austenitizing
temperature with pronounced growth of the austenite as well as the dissolution of carbides M7C3,
the nano hardness and the modulus of elasticity decreases considerably.

Conclusion:

The heat treatment of materials modifying the microstructure is closely related to the mechanical
behavior of the austenitic manganese steel. Therefore, the control of structural changes by heat
treatment is essential to obtain the desired properties. The established heat treatment conditions of the
obtained steel can be suitable for several industrial applications.
Review of Osteoarthritis-related Medicinal Herbs
Authors: Bedse Anjali Prashant , Raut Shilpa Subash , Tambe Varsha Narayan , Zoman Deepali
Published: September 2022

One of the most common causes of joint pain and impairment is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a condition that affects people all over the world. Osteoarthritis is the second most prevalent and commonly diagnosed rheumatologic disease in India, with a prevalence of 22 to 39 %. Prior to the discovery of extraction and synthetic chemistry, musculoskeletal diseases were treated using medicinal plant compositions. When non-pharmacological therapy is insufficient, a variety of pharmacological therapies can be used to treat arthritis. Synthetic medication therapy, on the other hand, may have undesirable side effects and be expensive. As a result, researchers have been looking at alternative therapies. Herbal drugs have demonstrated the ability to control arthritis in a safe and effective manner. In this review, the safety and efficacy traditionally used plants and main chemical constituents to treat osteoarthritis are reported. After reviewing online databases, we found herbs used to treat osteoarthritis such as Boswellia serrata, Alpinia galanga, Commiphora wightii, Harpagophytum procumbens, Salix alba, Ribes nigrum L., Filipendula ulmaria, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Capsicum annum, Urtica dioica L., Vitex negundo L., Syzygium aromaticum L. and Allium sativum L. These species are attributed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which helped to reduce inflammation and tissue damage. The efficacy and safety of herbal medications for osteoarthritis symptoms are discussed here.
An Integrated Approach to Identify Intrinsically Disordered Regions
in Osteopontin with its Interacting Network in Rheumatoid
Arthritis
Authors: Johri Parul , Singh Sachidanand , Sao Prachi , Banerjee Sudeshna , Trivedi Mala , Singh Aditi , Kostova Irena
Published: September 2022

Background:

Credentials of molecular diagnostic approaches are an important
goal. Since protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis is an apposite method for
molecular valuation, a PPI grid related to Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs) of RA
was targeted in the present research.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to analyse the role of highly disordered proteins and their
functional parameters in causing Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).

Method:

Cytoscape software helped in identifying molecular interaction networks. Intrinsically
disordered proteins lack higher order structure and have functional advantages,
but their dysregulation can cause several diseases. All the significant proteins responsible
for RA were identified. On the basis of the data obtained, highly disordered proteins
were selected. Further, MSA was done to find the similarity among the highly disordered
proteins and their functional partners. To determine the most relevant functional partner(
s)/interacting protein(s) out of large network, three filters were introduced in the
methodology.

Result:

The two filtered proteins, IBSP and FGF2, have common functions and also
play a vital role in the pathways of RA. Thus, gives an in-depth knowledge of molecular
mechanisms involved in Rheumatoid Arthritis and targeted therapeutics.

Conclusion:

The network analysis of these proteins has been explored using Cytoscape,
and the proteins with favourable values of graph centrality parameters such as IBSP and
FGF2 are identified. Interesting functional cross talk such as bio mineralization, boneremodelling,
angiogenesis, cell differentiation, etc., of SPP1 with IBSP and FGF2 is
found, which throws light into the fact that these two proteins play a vital role in the
pathways of RA.
Inclusion Complexes Between Amylose and Long-chain Dicarboxylic Acids Prepared by Jet Cooking: Characterization and Thermal Properties
Authors:   USDA ARS MWA NCAUR, Kenar James , Compton David ,   USDA ARS MWA NCAUR, Peterson Steve ,   USDA ARS MWA NCAUR, Felker Frederick ,   USDA ARS MWA NCAUR
Published: September 2022

Amylose-fatty acid complexes are well known and are an inherent component within foods that modify starch properties and can influence overall food quality. In contrast, only limited reports examine the complexation of dicarboxylic acids by amylose. This study examines the formation, structure, and thermal stability of amylose-dicarboxylic acid inclusion complexes prepared in aqueous media by steam jet cooking starch with C10, C12, C14, and C16 dicarboxylic acids. These long-chain diacid inclusion complexes can be simply prepared on large scale, isolated in good yields, and their formation was confirmed by DSC, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, FTIR, and TGA. The inclusion complexes have 61 V-type helical structures by XRD. The C10 dicarboxylic acid inclusion complex displayed two peaks having dissociation temperatures of 96.7 and 114.6 °C. In contrast, the C12, C14, and C16 diacid complexes had unusually high dissociation temperatures of 126.2, 132.8, and 134.3 °C, respectively. Spherulites can be obtained by slow cooling jet cooked dispersions to give predominantly large torus/disc spherulitic structures. The information presented here provides a more thorough understanding of these complexes and provides new ways to modify starch functionality for use in innovative food and industrial applications.
Determination of Solid Fat Content in Plain Fats and Suspensions with Lab-scale SAXS Device
Authors:   Ghent University, De Witte Fien , Dewettinck Koen ,   Ghent University
Published: September 2022

Fat suspensions, i.e. heterogenous mixtures of solid particles in a fat, are omnipresent in food products. Depending on the temperature, the lipid phase consists of a liquid and a solid fraction, often expressed as solid fat content (SFC). In suspensions, the solid particles also tend to affect the SFC, which makes it an important parameter to study. Conventionally, for plain fats, the SFC is acquired via an NMR measurement (AOCS Cd16b-93). Complex mixtures, like suspensions, are more difficult to study by NMR, as the solid particles produce an interferent signal. This can be overcome by using a specific standard and an adapted method (AOCS Cd16-81). As an alternative, the use of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for determining the SFC was studied. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology for determining the SFC in plain fats, but also in complex mixtures, without the need for extra standards or calibration. Moreover, SAXS has proven to be a suitable technique as there is no (or a constant) contribution of solid particles to the signal obtained from the fat. The SAXS equipment used is a Xenocs Xeuss 3.0 equipped with a Cu-source and moveable detector. Plain palm oil and palm oil-sucrose mixtures were studied at several isothermal crystallization temperatures. The SAXS technique allows to follow the SFC continuously over time during isothermal crystallization, which is not possible with NMR. From a SAXS profile, the liquid and solid fat contribution can be clearly separated. The separation of the solid and liquid contribution and their respective quantification was optimized. Special interest was put into the contribution of different triacylglycerol polymorphs. For plain fats, the results were compared to conventional results obtained with NMR and were found to be very similar. For suspensions, the results were verified with other techniques, such as DSC.
Modulating the consistency of water-in-oil high internal phase emulsions by fat crystals stabilization
Authors:   Ryerson University, Mello Natalia , Rousseau Derick ,   Ryerson University
Published: September 2022

Justification: There is growing popularity in the development of food-grade emulsions due to their potential applications as fat replacers. One approach to fat replacement is via use of oil-continuous high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), which consist of more than 74 v% dispersed water.Objectives: This research aimed to: i) develop water-in-oil (W/O) HIPEs stabilized by fat crystals, and ii) develop methods to tune HIPE consistency and stabilization against breakdown.Methods: The W/O HIPEs consisted of 80 wt% water, with the oil phase (20 wt%) consisting of 0 - 10 wt% of fully hydrogenated soyabean oil (HSO), and 8 wt% polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) present on an oil phase wt basis in soyabean oil. Microstructure (light microscopy), droplet size distribution (NMR), and viscoelasticity (strain-controlled rheometer) were evaluated after 24 h of storage at 5 °C. Results: HIPEs containing at least 3 wt% HSO were self-supporting soft solids, with the formation of clustered fat crystals contributing to their improved consistency. The average dispersed droplet size of all emulsions was ~ 4 µm, irrespective of the amount of added HSO. Although the rigidity of the HIPEs with 5 wt% or 10 wt% HSO was greatest, these HIPEs also demonstrated reduced stability against breakdown.Significance: This research showed that the consistency and resistance against breakdown of W/O HIPEs can be optimally modulated by adding low concentrations of HSO (0.5 or 1 wt%) to the continuous phase.
Monoglyceride concentration affects the rheological and structural properties of Pickering stabilized oleofoams
Authors:   North Dakota State University, Grossi Matteo , Chen Bingcan ,   North Dakota State University
Published: September 2022

Solid fats are high in saturated fatty acids, overconsumption of which have been related to the occurrence of certain chronic diseases. For this reason, it is highly desirable to replace them by unsaturated oils. This study was conducted to determine whether the chain length and concentration of monoglyceride could impact the rheological and structural properties of plant oil based oleofoams. Monolaurin, monomyristin, monopalmitin, and monostearin were used at three different concentration levels (5, 10, and 15%) for the production of Pickering stabilized corn oil oleofoams. The distribution of crystals in the foam was evaluated using optical and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The rheological properties and hardness of foams were evaluated through texture analysis and rheology. The melting behavior and polymorphic type were studied using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The surface elasticity was measured using interfacial dilatational rheology. A simple method consisting of the creation of rosettes and the measurement of the angle was developed to easily correlate the concentration of monoglyceride with the structural and rheological properties of oleofoams. This work is helpful to understand how monoglyceride type and concentration impact oleofoam properties, and the innovative technique presented could be useful to industries and labs to quickly evaluate oleofoam properties without using expensive and complicated methods.
African Butter Seed Fat: A Potential Substitute for Cocoa Butter
Authors:   University of Peradeniya, Jayathissa Sandaru , Silva Buddhika ,   Medical Research Institution, De Silva Shiromi ,   Medical Research Institute, Jayatissa Renuka ,   Medical Research Institute, Madhujith Terrence ,   University of Peradeniya
Published: September 2022

Industry is focusing on cocoa butter alternatives since cocoa butter is scarce and expensive. The aim of this study was to determine physicochemical and sensory properties of African butter seed fat and cocoa fat. Fat was extracted using hexane in Soxhlet apparatus and resultant fat was used for determination of physicochemical properties in accordance with AOCS guidelines. Solid Fat Content (SFC) was determined using Bruker NMR analyzer in accordance to ISO 8292 (direct) method. Fatty acid composition was determined using GC-FID according to AOAC guidelines. Slip melting points of African butter seed fat and cocoa fat were 37°C and 35.5°C while smoke points were 225°C and 238°C respectively. Acid value, free fatty acid value and iodine value of African butter seed fat were 1.05±0.17mg KOH/g, 0.53±0.09% and 48.65±3.03g I2/100g respectively while the corresponding values of cocoa fat were 2.26±0.21mg KOH/g, 1.04±0.06% and 34.31±0.97g I2/100g. Saponification values of African butter seed fat and cocoa fat were 177.00±0.59mg KOH/g and 194.20±1.06mg KOH/100g respectively. SFC values decreased from 31.8±0.05% to 6.85±0.07% within temperature range 25°C-30°C for African butter seed fat whereas 36.14±0.87% to 11.15±0.11% for cocoa fat. In African butter seed fat, stearic and oleic were the major fatty acids which were determined to be 39.05±0.16% and 56.97±0.27% respectively. In cocoa fat stearic, oleic and palmitic were the major fatty acids and the contents were 37.75±0.06%, 34.12±0.14% and 24.14±0.07% respectively. Cookies were prepared incorporating fat extracted using screw expellers. Based on the analyzed results of Hedonic test, there was no significant difference with respect to the preference for flavor, texture and overall acceptability (p>0.05) while there was a significant difference in preference for color (p < 0.05) among two cookie types. These results reveal that there is a high potential to develop African butter seed fat as an alternative for cocoa butter in baked confectioneries.
Impact of Almond Roasting and Particle Size on the Simultaneous Extraction of Lipids and Proteins for Almond Milk Production
Authors:   University of California, Davis, Hallstrom Jessica , Furlan Goncalves Dias Fernanda , Leite Nobrega De Moura Bell Juliana
Published: September 2022

Almond milk consumption has increased as an alternative to dairy milk. However, its low nutrient density and presence of emulsifiers have negatively impacted its consumer perception. We evaluated two sustainable approaches: aqueous (AEP) and enzyme-assisted extraction processes (EAEP), to produce a more nutrient-dense and functional milk. The effects of almond roasting, particle size, and extraction methods (AEP vs. EAEP) were evaluated on protein and oil extractability and in vitro protein digestibility. Unroasted and “light” and “dark” roasted almonds were ground to different particle sizes (flour, butter, or paste). AEP and EAEP were carried out in triplicate at pH 9.0, 1:10 solids-to-liquid ratio, 120 rpm at 50 °C for 60 min, with the addition of 0.5% alkaline endoprotease (w/w) in the EAEP. A two-way ANOVA (p< 0.05) was used to evaluate the significance of the variables’ effect. Although dark roasting significantly increased oil extractability to 79% from flour (300µm, particle size reduction from flour to butter (35µm) or paste (20µm) was more effective to increase oil extractability up to 96%, regardless of the roasting or extraction methods used (AEP or EAEP). Roasting facilitated grinding and significantly increased protein extractability from flour (46 to 62%), but reduced extractability from butter and paste (smaller particle sizes) from 81 to 71% in the AEP due to protein denaturation. EAEP significantly increased protein extractability up to 91.76%, regardless of roasting employed. While roasting did not alter protein digestibility, the use of enzymes in the EAEP significantly increased in vitro protein digestibility from 84.6 to 96.9%. Overall, light roasted butter could be used to produce almond milk with higher nutrient density (1.63% protein and 1.25% oil for AEP and 1.87% protein and 5.15% oil for EAEP). These results indicate that almond milk with increased nutritional and functional properties can be produced by AEP and EAEP.
Sucrose Esters Potential as Oleogelators to Form Oleogels Using Different Structuration Routes
Authors:   ULiege, da Silva Thais , Baeten Vicent ,   Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Danthine Sabine ,   University of Liège Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech
Published: September 2022

Sucrose esters (SE) have been widely studied as emulsifiers to tailor fats' crystallization. Nevertheless, fewer studies have assessed the potential of SEs as oleogelators to structure oleogels. This study aimed to evaluate alternative routes that would improve the oleogelation capacity of commercial SEs with different HLB values and evaluate the physical properties of the oleogels with 10% of SE produced by different routes. Four SEs were evaluated (SP10-HLB2, SP30-HLB6, SP50-HLB11, and SP70-HLB15) using three oleogelations routes (traditional, ethanol, and foam-template). Those oleogels were evaluated according to their microstructure, melting behavior, polymorphism, mechanical properties, oil binding capacity, and mid-infrared. In general, only SP50 ethanol showed a solid-like structure using only 10% of SE. This sample presented a higher hardness (0.4±0.1N) and elastic modulus (4589±89Pa). SP70 showed a potential oleogel after foam-template approach due to the higher oil binding capacity among all SEs and routes. SP10 was the only SE utterly soluble in oil, although it formed a very liquid gel, and SP30 has not shown a potential route or oleogel structure for any of the routes tested. The higher potential of the oleogels with SP50 and SP70 using alternative routes can be attributed to the higher content of monoesters in these samples. Consequently, more H-bonds between triacylglycerols carbonyl groups and hydroxyl groups formed.
Lipid Oxidation Kinetics of Model Systems Representative of Follow-on Formulas
Authors:   CIRAD, Cancalon Mathilde , Barouh Nathalie ,   CIRAD, Hemery Youna ,   IRD, Durand Erwann ,   CIRAD / UMR QUALISUD, Villeneuve Pierre ,   CIRAD, Bourlieu-Lacanal Claire ,   INRAE/Univ Montpellier/Institut Agro
Published: September 2022

The main objective of follow-on formulas is to mimic as closely as possible the composition and structure of mature breast milk. In order to optimize the formulas, important regulatory changes have taken place, including the obligation to supplement the formulas with DHA. The oil phase is therefore formulated from a mixture of oils mainly of vegetable origin with palm oil as the main source of saturated fatty acids and enriched in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, these oil blends are not optimal for nutritional needs of infants and are particularly sensitive to lipid oxidation. The aim of this study was to substitute palm oil with other sources of saturated fatty acids in order to ensure a more suitable nutritional profile for infant without impacting or improving stability against lipid oxidation. To reach this objective a model system representative of marketed follow-on formulas was formulated and declined into a panel of model systems depending on the source of saturated fatty acids used. The results showed that depending on the composition of the oil phase the stability against lipid oxidation could be improved. This study has thus highlighted the importance of the balance between nutritional profile and oxidation stability.
Consumers' Perceptions and Associations on Plant-based Cheese Analogue in Malaysia
Authors:   Sime Darby Plantation Research Sdn Bhd, Ahmad Hairi Amelia Najwa , Ungku Zainal Abidin Ungku Fatimah ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Sanny Maimunah ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Aznor Shahril Nur Qistina ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia
Published: September 2022

Plant-based cheese analogue (PBCA) has just started to debut in the plant-based dairy product market in Malaysia. Despite that, no research has been made on the consumers’ view on PBCA in Malaysia. This study attempts to identify the Malaysian consumers’ purchase intention of PBCA, assess the consumers’ associations evoked by cheese, and discover any differences in the perceptions of cheese and expectations toward PBCA of consumers. A quantitative online survey was conducted among cheese and PBCA consumers in Malaysia and results showed that purchase intention is the significant predictor behaviour to consume PBCA. Consumers’ attitude, subjective norm, and perceived barriers significantly influenced the purchase intention of PBCA but objective knowledge, perceived behavioural control and health consciousness showed otherwise. The study also shows that the consumers from different household groups perceive cheese and PBCA positively which shows the acceptance towards the products in the population. It can be concluded that consumers in Malaysia had a same direction in viewing PBCA. This research would benefit the local food industry players to understand more about the consumers’ view and aid them in producing a product that suits their needs.
Eco-designed Virgin Coriander Seed Oil: A Food Supplement Solution to Soothe Sensitive Skin
Authors:   Seppic, Marchand Regis , Kern Catherine ,   Seppic, Laville Remi ,   Seppic, Roso Alicia ,   Seppic
Published: September 2022

Sensitive or reactive skin is a common condition that affects many people, characterized by the occurrence of unpleasant sensations, such as stinging and burning, in response to stimuli that normally should not cause such sensations. The main hypothesis attributed to the occurence of sensitive skin is the disruption of the epidermal barrier and greater penetration of substances such as irritants. In keratinocytes, these substances can activate the NF-κB pathway, which plays an important role in orchestrating inflammatory responses. The regulation of NF-κB signaling is a key issue in controlling skin inflammation. Neurosensory dysfunction is also a mechanism to consider. Some cutaneous nerve endings express TRPA1 (transient receptor potential ankyrin 1), involved in nociception, itching and neurogenic inflammation. Petroselinic acid (C18:1n-12), which accounts for 60-75% of the fatty acids in coriander vegetable oil, has already demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity (Alaluf et al., 2002), used in the cosmetic and functional food industry. Our objective was to develop an eco-designed pure nutritional coriander vegetable oil and evaluate its effect in vitro and in vivo. The effect of coriander seed oil, obtained in one step by extrusion, was evaluated using two in vitro models: (1) inflammation model using a human keratinocytes cell line transfected with the luciferase reporter gene under the control of NF-κB+, (2) innovative in vitro keratinocytes-neurons co-culture model in which TRPA1 activation was followed. 0.0001% coriander seed oil showed a significant 48% protection of keratinocytes from NF-κB activation and 61% of keratinocytes-neurons co-culture from TRPA1 activation at 0.001%, both mechanisms being involved in occurence of sensitive skins. A double-blind, placebo controlled, pilot clinical study in volunteers with sensitive skin confirmed its efficacy on redness of the skin and on unpleasant sensations of stinging and itching. Thus, coriander seed oil is a promising soothing ingredient for sensitive skins.
Effect of Cannabidiol on Crystallization Behavior and Physical Properties of Cocoa Butter and Palm Oil
Authors:   Utah State University, Hilton Issac , Cooney Joseph , Martini Silvana
Published: September 2022

Demand for lipid-based products containing cannabidiol (CBD) is increasing following the legalization of industrial hemp production. This study investigates the impact of CBD on the crystallization behavior and physical properties of cocoa butter (CB) and palm oil (PO) for possible food applications. CB and PO samples with 0%, 1%, and 2.5% CBD were crystallized at 22°C and 26°C, respectively and the crystallization as a function of time was measured using a pulsed NMR for 165 min and 90 min, respectively. Melting behavior, crystal morphology, and viscoelasticity were measured at this time. Viscoelasticity and hardness were also measured after storing the samples at 5 and 22 °C for 48 h for PO and after storage at 5 and 26 °C for 2 weeks for CB. The crystallization of CB and PO was delayed by CBD and a lower SFC was observed for CB+CBD but not for PO+CBD. Melting profiles for the samples tested in this study were not affected by the addition of CBD, while a higher storage modulus and hardness was only observed for the PO+2.5% CBD but not for the other samples. The addition of CBD generated slightly bigger crystals and this trend is more pronounced in PO.
Temperature-dependent Microstructure and Rheology of Fat in Adipose Tissue in Pork, Beef and Lamb
Authors:   Ryerson University, Wijarnprecha Khakhanang , Fuhrmann Philipp ,   Ryerson University, Gregson Christopher ,   Paragon Pure Inc, Sillick Matt ,   Paragon Pure Inc, Sonwai Sopark ,   Silpakorn University, Rousseau Derick ,   Ryerson University
Published: September 2022

Matching the texture of fat in plant-based meat alternatives requires an in-depth understanding of the structure and rheology of animal adipose tissue which, to-date, remains under-studied. We investigated the temperature-dependent microstructure and thermal properties of adipose tissue from pork, beef and lamb. Microstructural characterisation via electron, confocal and light microscopy showed that the back fats were structurally similar and consisted of fat dispersed in discrete units within a protein matrix akin to a closed cell foam. Differential scanning calorimetry showed distinct fat melting profiles in each of the tissues, which were ascribed to differences in fatty acid profile. Fat crystal organisation, melting and re-solidification signatures unique to each adipose tissue were found via X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The dynamic rheological behaviour of the back fats was characterised via frequency and amplitude sweeps as well as texture analysis via puncture tests. At 20 °C, prior to heating, the small and large deformation properties of adipose tissue were dominated by the solid fat phase in the adipose cells. Upon heating to 80 °C, with the fat phase molten, the protein network underpinning the structure of the back fats conferred elastic behaviour to the tissues, and the now-molten oil partly leaked from the adipocytes into the surrounding interstitial space. Upon re-cooling, a bicontinuous network of fat crystals and protein contributed to back fat rheology. Large deformation rheology revealed animal species-specific differences in back fat rheology. Overall, we found that the temperature-dependent microstructure of adipose fat was intricately linked to the fat phase melting behaviour, and importantly, to its protein matrix at elevated temperatures. Such understanding is necessary to provide the required insights to effectively replicate the functionality of adipose tissue using plant-based materials.
Solubilized Proteins as a Fat Block in Production
Authors:   Kemin Industries, Kelleher Stephen , Saunders Wayne ,   Kemin Industries, Fielding William ,   Kemin Industries
Published: September 2022

Fried foods are ubiquitous around the world with an estimated 83 billion pounds consumed in the Unites States and at least twice that value across the rest of the world. In application testing, solutions of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins at acidic pH from varying animal muscles have been shown to reduce fat and increase moisture in battered and breaded products when topically applied to the substrates just prior to deep fat frying. As an example, a previous benchtop result found a 17.7% reduction in fat and a 15.0% increase in moisture when chicken protein was applied to a battered and breaded four (4) oz chicken patty. Advancing the process from benchtop, full plant trials were performed at a run rate of 4500 lbs/hr with a two-pass batter/breading sequence. One full shift of approximately 40,000 lbs was run. A topical chicken protein solution with a 4.5% application rate resulted in a significant fat reduction of 33.64%, with a 9.61% increase in moisture on fully cooked tenders. Protein treated chicken boneless wings had 27.52% less fat and 8.22% increased moisture, compared to untreated controls. Piece count method estimation resulted in a minimum 7.32% yield increase for treated product. Improved coating adherence resulted in substantially less coating filtration. Free fatty acid values ranged from 0.02% (oleic) at the beginning of the trial with fresh oil to 0.07% after 4 hours of frying. One possible theory to explain efficacy is the protein created a micro barrier on the substrate’s surface, preventing moisture escape and oil absorption. Using solubilized muscle proteins as a topical spray suggests a method to lower production costs and improve nutrition.
Evaluasi Parameter Mutu Ekstrak Air Daun Tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita Linn)
Authors:   Laboratorium Penelitian dan Pengembangan FARMAKA TROPIS Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mulawarman,  Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Kuncoro Hadi , Nur Sopiati Mutia ,   Laboratorium Penelitian dan Pengembangan FARMAKA TROPIS Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mulawarman,  Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Rashif Rijai Hifdzur ,   Laboratorium Penelitian dan Pengembangan FARMAKA TROPIS Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mulawarman,  Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Agustina Risna ,   Laboratorium Penelitian dan Pengembangan FARMAKA TROPIS Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mulawarman,  Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur
Published: September 2022

Tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita Linn) is a medicinal plant that has various properties. This study aims to determine standardization parameters the tahongai aqueous extract. The research method was carried out by macroscopic and microscopic observations on Tahongai powder, then extracted by infusion method. The aqueous extract was then subjected to organoleptic determination, identification of secondary metabolites, determination of water soluble content and determination of water content, heavy metal contamination determination, and microbial contamination test. The result for determination of standardization parameter were: yield of the infusion was 10.38961%. Organoleptic test showed solid form, medium characteristic odor, black color and bitter taste. Identification of secondary metabolites showed a group of secondary metabolites of saponins and triterpenoids. Determination of the water soluble extract content 11.648% and the water content 10.328%. Heavy metal contamination Hg, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and As respectively were <0.0001; <0.0001; 0.9167; 49.2815; <0.0001 and 44.1774 mg/Kg. Then on microbial contamination, the result was 8.8 x 103 colonies/g. Based on PERKABPOM No. 12 of 2014, the water extract of tahongai meets the minimum quality requirements for heavy metal content and microbial contamination.
Risk Assessment of COVID-19 Cases in Emergency Departments and Clinics With the Use of Real-World Data and Artificial Intelligence: Observational Study
Authors: Logaras Evangelos , Billis Antonis , Kyparissidis Kokkinidis Ilias , Ketseridou Smaranda Nafsika , Fourlis Alexios , Tzotzis Aristotelis , Imprialos Konstantinos , Doumas Michael , Bamidis Panagiotis
Published: September 2022

Background

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the weaknesses of health care systems around the world. In the effort to improve the monitoring of cases admitted to emergency departments, it has become increasingly necessary to adopt new innovative technological solutions in clinical practice. Currently, the continuous monitoring of vital signs is only performed in patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

Objective

The study aimed to develop a smart system that will dynamically prioritize patients through the continuous monitoring of vital signs using a wearable biosensor device and recording of meaningful clinical records and estimate the likelihood of deterioration of each case using artificial intelligence models.

Methods

The data for the study were collected from the emergency department and COVID-19 inpatient unit of the Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki. The study was carried out in the framework of the COVID-X H2020 project, which was funded by the European Union. For the training of the neural network, data collection was performed from COVID-19 cases hospitalized in the respective unit. A wearable biosensor device was placed on the wrist of each patient, which recorded the primary characteristics of the visual signal related to breathing assessment.

Results

A total of 157 adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were recruited. Lasso penalty function was used for selecting 18 out of 48 predictors and 2 random forest–based models were implemented for comparison. The high overall performance was maintained, if not improved, by feature selection, with random forest achieving accuracies of 80.9% and 82.1% when trained using all predictors and a subset of them, respectively. Preliminary results, although affected by pandemic limitations and restrictions, were promising regarding breathing pattern recognition.

Conclusions

This study represents a novel approach that involves the use of machine learning methods and Edge artificial intelligence to assist the prioritization and continuous monitoring procedures of patients with COVID-19 in health departments. Although initial results appear to be promising, further studies are required to examine its actual effectiveness.
A Psychosocial Intervention for Supporting Informal Caregivers of Older People With Alzheimer Disease: Protocol for the InnFamiglia Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pasquini Sara , Margaritini Arianna , Gambella Elena , Di Rosa Mirko , Maranesi Elvira , Bevilacqua Roberta , Civerchia Patrizia , Pelliccioni Giuseppe
Published: September 2022

Background

Dementia is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by impaired cognitive functions associated with psychological and behavioral disorders. The informal caregiver has a central role in the life of the person with dementia. Committing a large part of the day to caring for the assisted person inevitably has an effect on the caregiver’s life.

Objective

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of a psychosocial intervention dedicated to a group of informal caregivers of patients with Alzheimer disease. The intervention will be guided by a trained psychologist who will facilitate the participants’ expression of their emotional states, as compared to a traditional self-help group.

Methods

The intervention described in this paper was designed and developed for the project INNovazione sociale e tecnologica per le FAMIGLIE che assistono malati affetti da Alzheimer (InnFamiglia). The study is designed as a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The RCT includes an experimental group, in which the participants will undertake the psychosocial intervention, and a control group, where participants will receive support according to traditional self-help methodology. Interventions for both groups will last 4 months and will be comprised of 16 sessions.

Results

Participant recruitment, enrollment, and data collection began in 2021. Enrollment continued until September 2022, at which time the last group began the intervention. Data collection will be completed by December 2022, and data analysis will be completed by March 2023. The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and will be presented at scientific meetings. Summaries of the results will also be made available to investigators for dissemination within their clinics.

Conclusions

We hypothesize that the experimental group will be more effective in managing caregiver burden and coping strategies and that this will improve the perception of well-being, anxiety, and depression among caregivers. Our study aims to compare two groups receiving different interventions: a self-help group and a psychosocial group with elements of emotional support. This study may also give us more information about the most appropriate ways to support and help caregivers of people with dementia.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/37496