bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Informação & Globalização
Authors: Tsunoda Denise Fukumi
Published: June 2015

Ao considerar a rapidez nos processos de acesso e divulgação de pesquisas e a disponibilidade global de recursos para atividades de ensino, propiciadas pela Internet e - mais recentemente pelos Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) - a Profa. Dra. Denise Tsunoda comenta os artigos e short papers incluídos neste V3N1.
Gestão da Informação em Portugal: formação, mercado e perspectivas
Authors: Freitas Maria Cristina Vieira de , Simões Maria da Graça De Melo
Published: June 2015

As professoras Cristina Freitas e Maria da Graça Simões respondem questões elaboradas pelos docentes da Faculdade de Informação e Comunicação (Curso de Gestão da Informação) da Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG. As perguntas se referem à estrutura de ensino voltada aos temas de gestão da informação em Portugal, a influência do fenômeno do "Big Data" na formação na área - incluindo discussões sobre a governança de dados, as áreas estruturantes da Gestão da Informação e enfoques de pesquisa no País, e as condições de mercado (ameaças e oportunidades) para os profissionais em Gestão da Informação em Portugal e no continente europeu.[Idioma disponível: português/Portugal].
Periódicos brasileiros em Odontologia e a fuga dos artigos científicos de alto impacto
Authors: Costa Rubenildo Oliveira da , Ramos Lúcia Maria S. V. Costa
Published: June 2015

Introdução: O aumento de títulos de periódicos brasileiros indexados no Journal Citation Report desde 2008 não tem sido acompanhado de aumento de citações recebidas. Ou seja, as últimas edições de desse relatório revelaram o baixo desempenho dos periódicos brasileiros no Fator de Impacto. Neste estudo busca-se explicar o porquê desse baixo desempenho. Método: Aplicação de técnicas bibliométricas, utilizando o software livre BibExcel. O corpus compreendeu 797 artigos de pesquisa publicados em periódicos indexados na Scopus - no período de 2009 a 2010 - por pesquisadores na área de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Resultados: Verificou-se que, nesta área, os artigos brasileiros de alto impacto são publicados em periódicos estrangeiros igualmente de elevado Fator de Impacto. Pode-se dizer que existe um círculo vicioso que impede o aumento do Fator de Impacto de periódicos brasileiros o qual é identificado em dois movimentos: por um lado os pesquisadores brasileiros preferem publicar suas pesquisas de maior impacto em títulos de periódicos estrangeiros com alto Fator de Impacto, citando os mesmos títulos; por outro, os periódicos brasileiros que publicam artigos de pesquisadores brasileiros recebem citações, na sua maioria, de pesquisadores/periódicos brasileiros. Conclusão: A acessibilidade (acesso aberto) e a visibilidade (indexação) sozinhas não são suficientes para aumentar o impacto dos periódicos brasileiros de maneira globalizada, de forma a competir com os periódicos estrangeiros.
"Onde está o conhecimento que perdemos na informação*?" Explorando a mineração de dados (e de textos) e metodologias de design como apoio à gestão da informação
Authors: Marchiori Patrícia Zeni
Published: June 2015

A quantidade, potencialidade de interrelações e crescente rapidez na disponibilidade de repositórios de dados desafiam as metodologias de análise e previsão. Neste v3n2, as investigações e discussões perpassam os temas de mineração de dados e de texto, a modelagem conceitual de games e de atividades em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, e a participação de usuários no design de interfaces para dispositivos móveis.-------------------* T.S. Eliot - Chorus I - "The Rock" (1934). Disponível em: http://www3.dbu.edu/mitchell/eliotroc.htm
Análise de tendências da produção científica nacional na área de Ciência da Informação: estudo exploratório de mineração de textos
Authors: Trucolo Caio Cesar , Digiampietri Luciano Antonio
Published: June 2015

Introdução: A análise de tendências pode ser utilizada como uma estratégia para identificar assuntos ou áreas de pesquisa com potencial de popularidade, mas que ainda não são disseminados amplamente. Este trabalho consiste em identificar tendências por mineração de texto e análise histórica das produções científicas (artigos científicos) de doutores da área de Ciência da Informação. Método: De natureza exploratória, este trabalho foi construído em três etapas. A primeira etapa foi a obtenção dos dados dos currículos cadastrados na plataforma Lattes. A segunda etapa consistiu na extração automática dos termos mais importantes inseridos nos títulos das publicações e, na terceira etapa foram feitas regressões lineares e não lineares dos índices de importância baseados em frequência dos termos extraídos. Resultados: Informações gerais sobre as tendências identificadas para a área de Ciência de Informação para curto, médio e longo prazo são apresentadas. Conclusão: Apresenta e aplica uma metodologia de identificação de tendências que ainda pode ser considerada um primeiro passo ante ao potencial da análise de tendências para a produção científica nacional. Além disso, informações gerais sobre as tendências identificadas e os comportamentos dessas tendências ao longo do tempo foram discutidas.
Redes bayesianas para predecir el estilo de aprendizaje de estudiantes en entornos virtuales
Authors: López-Faican Lissette Geoconda , Chamba-Eras Luis Antonio
Published: June 2015

Introdução: Descreve o uso de Redes Bayesianas - com base no modelo Felder-Silverman - para a implementação de um modelo de incerteza voltado à previsão do estilo de aprendizagem de alunos que interagem em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. Método: O modelo de incerteza,  projetado e desenvolvido para operar na LMS Moodle foi validado em um cenário educacional, consistindo em sua aplicação experimental em dois grupos de participantes oriundos da Universidade Nacional de Loja e da Universidade Internacional do Equador. Resultados: O bloco "Estilo de Aprendizagem" (EA) permitiu aos estudantes visualizar as probabilidades de cada dimensão de sua EA, notando que, de acordo com sua interação, essas probabilidades se modificavam. Da mesma forma, o professor pode visualizar as mudanças de probabilidade de EA obtidos pelos alunos quando estes interagiram em um curso virtual hospedadono Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem. Conclusão: A proposta pode servir de suporte para os professores que desejem identificar os estilos de aprendizagem predominantes dos estudantes e, com base nisso, elaborar atividades e recursos para suas disciplinas.
GERAÇÃO DE RENDA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL EM COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS DA REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA
Authors: Pinto de Souza Iracema , Itsuo Yamamoto Carlos , Vosniak Takeshita Elaine , Mathias Alvaro Luiz
Published: June 2015

A sustentabilidade de uma atividade econômica está associada à aceitação cultural, viabilidade econômica, justiça social e ao ecologicamente correto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a situação social da comunidade de Axixá do Tocantins, TO, Brasil, e seu potencial de gerar renda para propor uma atividade sustentável. As “quebradeiras de coco”, grupo de cultura local, apresenta uma situação social precária. Elas catam frutos do babaçu (Orbignya spp.) da região e retiram suas amêndoas com auxílio de machado e bastão de madeira. As amêndoas são torradas em chapas metálicas aquecidas, trituradas em pilão e cozidas em água para liberação do óleo. O óleo desprendido sobrenada e é retirado após o resfriamento do caldeirão, sendo comercializado a baixo custo no local. No entanto, um bom potencial de aumentar a renda de vários desses moradores é possível por meio da transferência de tecnologia de extração do óleo por prensagem a frio de babaçu, com o devido respeito àquela realidade sociocultural. Nesse sentido, uma ação de política pública afirmativa para instalação de uma microindústria química pode recuperar o investimento em cerca de três anos, considerando a produção de óleo extravirgem e condições mais favoráveis de sua comercialização, o que também garantirá a manutenção das matas desta palmeira.
ANÁLISE DA FRAGMENTAÇÃO DA PAISAGEM DO PARQUE NACIONAL DA SERRA DA CANASTRA E DE SUA ZONA DE AMORTECIMENTO - MG
Authors: Santos Amanda Alves dos , Machado Maria Márcia Magela
Published: June 2015

O Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra (PNSC), localizado na porção sudoeste do estado de Minas Gerais é uma significativa Unidade de Conservação (UC) do Cerrado. Sua paisagem é composta de ambientes preservados e antropizados devido, principalmente, a problemas de regularização fundiária. Seu entorno vem sendo cada vez mais degradado pelos diferentes tipos de uso da terra, fragmentando a paisagem e aumentando a pressão antrópica sobre o PNSC. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo mapear o grau de fragmentação da cobertura vegetal do PNSC e de sua zona de amortecimento de forma a subsidiar o planejamento dessa paisagem. O mapeamento proposto foi fundamentado na abordagem conceitual metodológica da Ecologia de Paisagem e em técnicas de geoprocessamento. O mapa de cobertura vegetal e uso do solo na escala de 1:150.000, base para o mapeamento proposto, foi elaborado a partir de imagens Landsat 8 do ano de 2013. Para as classes de cobertura vegetal obtidas foram calculados métricas de paisagem que, conforme  suas características ecológicas, tiveram seus valores reclassificados e integrados por meio de álgebra de mapas resultando no mapa síntese de grau de fragmentação. As manchas identificadas com baixo grau de fragmentação são majoritárias na área de estudo e estão espacialmente concentradas. Já os fragmentos com alto e médio grau de fragmentação correspondem a menores áreas e não apresentam padrão de distribuição espacial. Observou-se que o grau de fragmentação está mais relacionado com as formações geomorfológicas do que com a existência da UC.
DINÂMICA ESPACIAL E TEMPORAL DO USO DAS TERRAS E ÍNDICE DE VEGETAÇÃO POR DIFERENÇA NORMALIZADA (NDVI) EM SETOR DE CABECEIRA DO RIO SÃO LOURENÇO, CAMPO VERDE, MT
Authors: Cândido Anny Keli Aparecida Alves , Silva Normandes Matos da , Barbosa Domingos Sávio
Published: June 2015

Avaliou-se a dinâmica espacial e temporal do uso do solo na microbacia que contém a nascente do Rio São Lourenço, situada no bioma Cerrado. Foram utilizadas imagens orbitais obtidas pelo sensor Mapeador Temático (TM) do Landsat 5, referentes à órbita/ponto 226/71 dos anos de 1985, 1997 e 2011, com resolução espacial de 30 metros, compreendendo um período de 26 anos. O mapa de uso das terras foi gerado a partir de classificação supervisionada, utilizando o algoritmo Máximo Verossimilhança. O Índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) foi gerado a partir das bandas 4 e 3 correspondentes ao infravermelho próximo e ao vermelho, respectivamente. Verificou-se que mais de 78% da área da microbacia é destinada à agricultura. A classe floresta aumentou no decorrer dos anos analisados, fato este explicado pelo plantio de floresta de eucalipto, no setor norte da microbacia. O NDVI evidenciou áreas que estavam com pouca biomassa vegetal, diferenciando-as das áreas com cobertura vegetal densa. Considerando o NDVI de uma área em processo de recuperação ambiental, denominada de unidade demonstrativa de restauração ecológica, observou-se que com nove meses de implantação, a mesma ainda não apresenta resposta espectral semelhante à mata ciliar adjacente. As matas ciliares da microbacia representam potenciais corredores de dispersão de fluxo biológico, que conectam áreas de planalto situadas no bioma Cerrado à planície sedimentar do Pantanal situada no sudoeste de Mato Grosso. A pesquisa fornece subsídios para a adequação ambiental das propriedades rurais junto à legislação ambiental pertinente.
NOTA EDITORIAL
Authors: - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise Revista Ra'e Ga
Published: June 2015

Revista Ra'e Ga - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise, Claudinei Taborda da Silveira, Ricardo Michael Pinheiro Silveira, Gisele Neuman
Conocimiento del profesor acerca de las características de aprendizaje del álgebra en bachillerato
Authors: Sosa Guerrero Leticia , Flores-Medrano Eric , Carrillo Yáñez José
Published: June 2015

El objetivo de este estudio es avanzar en la caracterización de uno de los subdominios del conocimiento didáctico del contenido, en concreto el conocimiento de las características del aprendizaje de las matemáticas. Con un enfoque interpretativo, se desarrolla un estudio de caso con dos profesoras de segundo bachillerato, centrando el contenido en el álgebra lineal. Se aportan categorías e indicadores que permiten profundizar en dicha caracterización.
Competencia de modelización en interpretación de gráficas funcionales
Authors: Solar Bezmalinovic Horacio Cristian , Deulofeu Piquet Jordi , Azcárate Giménez Carmen
Published: June 2015

En este artículo presentamos una investigación en que se aplica el Modelo de Competencia Matemática (MCM) para estudiar la competencia de modelización, que se caracteriza por: tareas matemáticas, procesos y fases de la modelización. Las relaciones entre estos tres componentes determinan los niveles de complejidad cognitiva de una actividad matemática. Los procesos constituyen el componente más destacado y se desarrollan a lo largo de la etapa escolar, a diferencia de las tareas matemáticas que se trabajan a corto plazo. El MCM se pone a prueba en un estudio de caso de una profesora que implementa una unidad didáctica de interpretación de gráficas funcionales
Competencias científicas en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje por investigación. Un estudio de caso sobre corrosión de metales en secundaria
Authors: Franco Mariscal Antonio Joaquin
Published: June 2015

Este artículo plantea un nuevo enfoque para el desarrollo de la competencia científica en una enseñanza aprendizaje por investigación en educación secundaria. El enfoque considera 15 capacidades agrupadas en siete dimensiones: identificación del problema, objetivos e hipótesis de la investigación; manejo de la información; planificación y diseño de la investigación; recogida y procesamiento de datos; análisis de datos y emisión de conclusiones; comunicación de resultados; y actitud/reflexión crítica y trabajo en equipo. Como aportaciones novedosas destacan el manejo de la información, la comunicación de resultados y la actitud/reflexión crítica y el trabajo en equipo, consideradas parcialmente en otros estudios. El enfoque se ejemplifica con un estudio de caso con estudiantes de educación secundaria obligatoria. Finalmente, se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre la importancia del enfoque y la necesidad de una formación del profesorado en trabajos de investigación.
« Une voix en moi, pas la mienne »
Authors: Cliche Anne Élaine
Published: June 2015

Cet article propose de passer par l’indécidable de la voix du point de vue « prophétique », qui ne concerne pas tant l’identité que le lieu de surgissement du dire, pour penser les enjeux de cette transcendance dans l’écriture romanesque contemporaine. Les prophètes bibliques ont eux-mêmes interrogé cette vocation qui leur tombe dessus comme une charge, un fardeau, et les destine à « parler une parole » dont la provenance, le lieu, reste éminemment énigmatique et dialogique. Ce qui nous intéresse plus précisément ici, ce sont les écrivains pour qui la voix d’écriture — voix narrative — fait question, ne passe pas directement, ne se donne pas comme pure et simple extension (expression) d’un moi, même fictif. On se tournera donc volontiers vers ceux chez qui la voix frappe l’obstacle qu’elle doit pourtant traverser, et de là, révèle que la source — source de la voix — n’est pas adéquate au corps (celui du narrateur par exemple) qui apparemment la profère. Cette mise en jeu de l’inadéquation entre la voix et le corps parlant permet d’éclairer certaines « narrations indécidables ». De là, on pourra revoir l’énonciation de deux romans (Comment c’est de Samuel Beckett et Des anges mineurs d’Antoine Volodine) dans ce qu’elle suscite de révélation qui lui permet de soutenir que la narration ne saurait être une simple mise en récit. Elle serait surtout, cette narration, la création d’un réel inédit qui n’est pas l’histoire racontée mais l’événement d’une voix.
Ces récits autogénérés : stratégies paratextuelles pour un brouillage de l’origine
Authors: Bélanger David , Bérard Cassie
Published: June 2015

Différentes conventions régissent ce qu’on nomme le « topique du manuscrit trouvé ». Bien présent dans la littérature des xviie et xviiie siècles, ce topique sert à pallier certaines invraisemblances, à lier, de façon plus ou moins sérieuse, le texte fictionnel à l’univers référentiel. Or, ce phénomène, intégré dans des romans du xxie siècle, ne saurait viser les mêmes effets. Cet article se propose d’analyser la présence de ce topique dans des oeuvres contemporaines, en s’attardant plus particulièrement aux « préfaces dénégatives » qui servent à réfuter l’identité de l’auteur institutionnel — celui dont le nom paraît sur la jaquette — en proposant une origine nouvelle au texte. Si l’étude de quelques romans aux stratégies paratextuelles distinctes (La chambre de Simon Lambert, Maleficium de Martine Desjardins et Une estafette chez Artaud de Nicolas Tremblay) permet d’établir les enjeux d’une telle pratique, l’article s’attarde plus particulièrement sur des cas limites qui actualisent de façon inusitée le topique du manuscrit trouvé : Wigrum de Daniel Canty, d’une part, et Éros mélancolique de Jacques Roubaud et Anne F. Garréta, d’autre part. De la question première, « à quoi cela sert-il ? », découle une hypothèse, à savoir, le déplacement de l’enjeu du vraisemblable, qui concernerait moins la question du croire, dans ces oeuvres, que la question de l’origine.
Tipos de MDO en los verbos psicológicos del español
Authors: Marqueta Gracia Bárbara
Published: June 2015

RESUMEN. En el presente artículo se pretende argumentar la necesidad de establecer una distinción entre diferentes instancias de Marcado Diferencial de Objeto (MDO) en los verbos psicológicos de sujeto experimentante en español. En algunos casos, la aparición de a es obligatoria independientemente de la estructura argumental del verbo implicado, y está vinculada a la presencia en la configuración de rasgos deícticos de persona. Dichos rasgos son inducidos tanto por la presencia de clíticos de dativo como de objetos que mantienen relaciones locativas y/o partitivas.

En otros casos, la distribución del MDO es opcional y sensible a la estructura argumental del verbo, alternando con la rección directa -sin preposición-. Esta distribución supone la proyección de un rasgo conceptual de causa, identificado en la posición de objeto/causa de la experiencia psicológica por parte de la preposición a.

ABSTRACT.  In this paper, we present empirical evidence showing that a different kind of Differential Object Marking (DOM) in Spanish “Psych” experiencer verbs can be distinguished. On the one hand, we found obligatory contexts of marking (regardless of the argument structure of the verb and the animacy/specifity of the object). These are connected with the presence of deictic person features, triggered by dative clitics or objects which bear a locative/partitive relationship.   

On the other hand, we can found optional marking, determined by the experiencer-subject/causer-object´s structure, which will be related to a default semantic value of causer in the object projection identified by the preposition. 
Perfect States
Authors: Carrasco Ángeles
Published: June 2015

Perfect predicates have usually been defined as stative. The purpose of this paper is to explain why. I will pay attention to both the resultative and the experiential Perfects. Contrary to Katz (2003), Nishiyama & Koenig (2004, 2010), Michaelis (2011) and Piñón (2014), the stativity of the Perfect will be derived from its nature as a content of grammatical Aspect. More precisely, I will assume that the Perfect allows us to make assertions regarding the state of affairs that follows an event that culminates or ceases (Klein 1992, 1994). In the case that we are dealing with the resultative Perfect, that state of affairs will be equated with the goal state of the subeventive structure of a telic predicate. But if we are dealing with the experiential Perfect, the state of affairs will be equated with the final state of a process which ends up characterizing the subject as a participant in the type of event denoted by the verbal predicate.
The semantics of degree verbs and the telicity issue
Authors: Civardi Eugenio , Bertinetto Pier Marco
Published: June 2015

This paper addresses the formal representation of Degree Verbs (DVs), also known as degree
achievements. After assessing the similarities and differences of DVs vis-à-vis the accomplishment
predicates within the set of “incremental theme verbs”, a double scale system is proposed to account for the telicity calculus. It is shown that DVs should be regarded as telic even though in most cases ,they do not imply culmination, but rather the mere attainment of a “contingent” telos. This formalism can be exploited to account for related phenomena, such as the so-called “conative oblique constructions” and “non-culminating” telic predicates
Clipping of Telomere from Human Chromosomes Using a Chemistry‐Based Artificial Restriction DNA Cutter
Authors: Ishizuka Takumi , Xu Yan , Komiyama Makoto
Published: June 2015

The detection of individual telomere lengths of human chromosomes can provide crucial information on genome stability, cancer, and telomere‐related diseases. However, current methods to measure telomere length entail shortcomings that have limited their use. Recently, we have developed a method for detection of individual telomere lengths (DITL) that uses a chemistry‐based DNA‐cutting approach. The most beneficial feature of the DITL approach is to cleave the sequence adjacent to the telomere followed by resolution of the telomere length at the nucleotide level of a single chromosome. In this unit, a protocol for successful detection of individual telomere lengths from individual chromosomes is described in detail. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Water mass age and aging driving chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the dark global ocean
Authors: Catalá T. S. , Reche I. , Álvarez M. , Khatiwala S. , Guallart E. F. , Benítez‐Barrios V. M. , Fuentes‐Lema A. , Romera‐Castillo C. , Nieto‐Cid M. , Pelejero C. , Fraile‐Nuez E. , Ortega‐Retuerta E. , Marrasé C. , Álvarez‐Salgado X. A.
Published: June 2015

The omnipresence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the open ocean enables its use as a tracer for biochemical processes throughout the global overturning circulation. We made an inventory of CDOM optical properties, ideal water age (τ), and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) along the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean waters sampled during the Malaspina 2010 expedition. A water mass analysis was applied to obtain intrinsic, hereinafter archetypal, values of τ, AOU, oxygen utilization rate (OUR), and CDOM absorption coefficients, spectral slopes and quantum yield for each one of the 22 water types intercepted during this circumnavigation. Archetypal values of AOU and OUR have been used to trace the differential influence of water mass aging and aging rates, respectively, on CDOM variables. Whereas the absorption coefficient at 325 nm (a325) and the fluorescence quantum yield at 340 nm (Φ340) increased, the spectral slope over the wavelength range 275–295 nm (S275–295) and the ratio of spectral slopes over the ranges 275–295 nm and 350–400 nm (SR) decreased significantly with water mass aging (AOU). Combination of the slope of the linear regression between archetypal AOU and a325 with the estimated global OUR allowed us to obtain a CDOM turnover time of 634 ± 120 years, which exceeds the flushing time of the dark ocean (>200 m) by 46%. This positive relationship supports the assumption of in situ production and accumulation of CDOM as a by‐product of microbial metabolism as water masses turn older. Furthermore, our data evidence that global‐scale CDOM quantity (a325) is more dependent on aging (AOU), whereas CDOM quality (S275–295, SR, Φ340) is more dependent on aging rate (OUR).
A land data assimilation system for simultaneous simulation of soil moisture and vegetation dynamics
Authors: Sawada Yohei , Koike Toshio , Walker Jeffrey P.
Published: June 2015

Despite the importance of the coupling between vegetation dynamics and root‐zone soil moisture in land‐atmosphere interactions, there is no land data assimilation system (LDAS) that currently addresses this issue, limiting the capacity to positively impact weather and seasonal forecasting. We develop a new LDAS that can improve the skill of an ecohydrological model to simulate simultaneously surface soil moisture, root‐zone soil moisture, and vegetation dynamics by assimilating passive microwave observations that are sensitive to both surface soil moisture and terrestrial biomass. This LDAS first calibrates both hydrological and ecological parameters of a land surface model, which explicitly simulates vegetation growth and senescence. Then, it adjusts the model states of soil moisture and leaf area index (LAI) sequentially using a genetic particle filter. We can adjust the subsurface soil moisture, which is not observed directly by satellites, because we simulate the interactions between vegetation dynamics and subsurface water dynamics. From a point‐scale evaluation, we succeed in improving the performance of our land surface model and generate ensembles of the model state whose distribution reflects the combined information in the land surface model and satellite observations. We show that the adjustment of the subsurface soil moisture significantly improves the capacity to simulate vegetation dynamics in seasonal forecast timescales. This LDAS can contribute to the generation of ensemble initial conditions of surface and subsurface soil moisture and LAI for a probabilistic framework of weather and seasonal forecasting.
Estimated errors in retrievals of ocean parameters from SSMIS
Authors: Mears Carl A. , Smith Deborah K. , Wentz Frank J.
Published: June 2015

Measurements made by microwave imaging radiometers can be used to retrieve several environmental parameters over the world's oceans. In this work, we calculate the uncertainty in retrievals obtained from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) instrument caused by uncertainty in the input parameters to the retrieval algorithm. This work applies to the version 7 retrievals of surface wind speed, total column water vapor, total column cloud liquid water, and rain rate produced by Remote Sensing Systems. Our numerical approach allows us to calculate an estimated input‐induced uncertainty for every valid retrieval during the SSMIS mission. Our uncertainty estimates are consistent with the differences observed between SSMIS wind speed and vapor measurements made by SSMIS on the F16 and F17 satellites, supporting their accuracy. The estimates do not explain the larger differences between the SSMIS measurements of wind speed and vapor and other sources of these data, consistent with the influence of more sources of uncertainty.
Flow speed within the Antarctic ice sheet and its controls inferred from satellite observations
Authors: Arthern Robert J. , Hindmarsh Richard C. A. , Williams C. Rosie
Published: June 2015

Accurate dynamical models of the Antarctic ice sheet with carefully specified initial conditions and well‐calibrated rheological parameters are needed to forecast global sea level. By adapting an inverse method previously used in electric impedance tomography, we infer present‐day flow speeds within the ice sheet. This inversion uses satellite observations of surface velocity, snow accumulation rate, and rate of change of surface elevation to estimate the basal drag coefficient and an ice stiffness parameter that influences viscosity. We represent interior ice motion using a vertically integrated approximation to incompressible Stokes flow. This model represents vertical shearing within the ice and membrane stresses caused by horizontal stretching and shearing. Combining observations and model, we recover marked geographical variations in the basal drag coefficient. Relative changes in basal shear stress are smaller. No simple sliding law adequately represents basal shear stress as a function of sliding speed. Low basal shear stress predominates in central East Antarctica, where thick insulating ice allows liquid water at the base to lubricate sliding. Higher shear stress occurs in coastal East Antarctica, where a frozen bed is more likely. Examining Thwaites glacier in more detail shows that the slowest sliding often coincides with elevated basal topography. Differences between our results and a similar adjoint‐based inversion suggest that inversion or regularization methods can influence recovered parameters for slow sliding and finer scales; on broader scales we recover a similar pattern of low basal drag underneath major ice streams and extensive regions in East Antarctica that move by basal sliding.
Interannual variability of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and its impact on the North Atlantic Oscillation in the boreal winter
Authors: Lin Hai , Brunet Gilbert , Yu Bin
Published: June 2015

Interannual variability of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) and its influence on the extratropical teleconnection are analyzed. It is found that there is an interannual shift of the MJO activity between the Indian Ocean and the western central Pacific. This is reflected by the year‐to‐year changes in the occurrence frequency of individual MJO phases. The leading mode of an empirical orthogonal function analysis of occurrence frequency of MJO phases shows an out‐of‐phase relationship between MJO phase 7 and phases 3–5. During winters when the MJO convection occurs more frequently in the Indian Ocean (phases 3–5), a winter mean positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) tends to occur. These results indicate that the seasonal mean convection activity over the Indian Ocean related to the MJO is a possible driving forcing for the seasonal mean NAO variability in the boreal winter.
Quantifying the skill of CMIP5 models in simulating seasonal albedo and snow cover evolution
Authors: Thackeray Chad W. , Fletcher Christopher G. , Derksen Chris
Published: June 2015

Effectively modeling the influence of terrestrial snow on climate in general circulation models is limited by imperfect knowledge and parameterization of arctic and subarctic climate processes and a lack of reliable observations for model evaluation and improvement. This study uses a number of satellite‐derived data sets to evaluate how well the current generation of climate models from the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) simulate the seasonal cycle of climatological snow cover fraction (SCF) and surface albedo over the Northern Hemisphere snow season (September–June). Using a variety of metrics, the CMIP5 models are found to simulate SCF evolution better than that of albedo. The seasonal cycle of SCF is well reproduced despite substantial biases in simulated surface albedo of snow‐covered land (αsfc_snow), which affect both the magnitude and timing of the seasonal peak in αsfc_snow during the fall snow accumulation period, and the springtime snow ablation period. Insolation weighting demonstrates that the biases in αsfc_snow during spring are of greater importance for the surface energy budget. Albedo biases are largest across the boreal forest, where the simulated seasonal cycle of albedo is biased high in 15/16 CMIP5 models. This bias is explained primarily by unrealistic treatment of vegetation masking and subsequent overestimation (more than 50% in some cases) of peak αsfc_snow rather than by biases in SCF. While seemingly straightforward corrections to peak αsfc_snow could yield significant improvements to simulated snow albedo feedback, changes in αsfc_snow could potentially introduce biases in other important model variables such as surface temperature.
Au–ZnO Nanocomposite Films for Plasmonic Photocatalysis
Authors: Fragua Diana M. , Abargues Rafael , Rodriguez‐Canto Pedro J. , Sanchez‐Royo Juan Francisco , Agouram Said , Martinez‐Pastor Juan P.
Published: June 2015

Nanocomposites based on plasmonic nanoparticles and metal‐oxide semiconductors are emerging as promising materials for conversion of solar energy into chemical energy. In this work, a Au–ZnO nanocomposite film with notably enhanced photocatalytic activity is successfully prepared by a single‐step process. Both ZnO and Au nanoparticles are synthesized in situ during baking of the film spin‐coated from a solution of Zn(CH3COO)2 and HAuCl4. Furthermore, it is shown that this precursor solution can be formulated as a nanoink for the generation of micropatterns by microplotter printing, opening the way for the miniaturization of devices with enhanced properties for photocatalysis, optoelectronics, and sensing. The study demonstrates that Au–ZnO films exhibit 4.5‐fold enhanced photocatalytic properties for the decomposition of methyl orange upon sunlight exposure in comparison with ZnO films. Au nanoparticles improve significantly the photocatalytic activity of ZnO because they act as photosensitizers, absorbing photons at the localized surface plasmon resonance range (500–600 nm) and transferring electrons to the nearby ZnO semiconductor. XPS analysis of the Au–ZnO nanocomposite supports this explanation, indicating strong interactions between Au and ZnO.
On the leakage flow around gas bubbles in slug flow in a microchannel
Authors: Yao Chaoqun , Dong Zhengya , Zhang Yuchao , Mi Yuan , Zhao Yuchao , Chen Guangwen
Published: June 2015

The leakage flow is that liquid does not push gas bubbles and leaks through the channel corners. This leakage flow was confirmed by tracking particles moving in the liquid film with a double light path method and was quantified by tracking the gas–liquid interface movement. The results show that leakage flow varies during bubble formation process. The average net leakage flow Qnet‐leak in a bubble formation cycle at T‐junction can be as large as 62.4% of the feeding liquid flow rate, depending on the liquid properties. Qnet‐leak for regular flow at main channel is much smaller, ranging from about 0 to 30% of the feeding liquid flow rate. The difference between the two leakage flows would lead to an increase in liquid slug length after generation. Finally, the effects of parameters such as phase flow rates, surface tension, and viscosity were investigated. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3964–3972, 2015
Treatment outcomes of sinonasal malignant melanoma: a Korean multicenter study
Authors: Won Tae‐Bin , Choi Kyu Young , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Jin Hong‐Ryul , Yi Jong Sook , Dhong Hun‐Jong , Kim Sung Won , Choi Ji Ho , Kim Jin Kook , Chung Young‐Jun , Kim Yong‐Min , Kim Sang‐Wook , Kim Jung Soo , Kwon Sam Hyun , Lim Sang‐Chul , Roh Hwan‐Jung
Published: June 2015

Background

The aim of this work was to evaluate factors that influence local recurrence and survival after surgical resection of sinonasal malignant melanoma, using a large population‐based multicenter study in Korea.

Methods

Retrospective analysis was performed for 155 newly diagnosed sinonasal malignant melanoma patients gathered from 15 university hospitals throughout Korea. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, surgical approach, adjuvant treatment, recurrence, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Three‐year and 5‐year overall survival rates were 48.8% and 40.1%, respectively. Local recurrence rate was 46.6%, with a mean recurrence time of 15.5 months. On multivariate analysis, patients who underwent surgery that included an endoscopic approach showed decreased local recurrence rate (p = 0.042) and increased survival rate (hazard ratio [HR], 1.702; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.007 to 2.875; p = 0.047) compared to those who underwent an external approach. Patients with postoperative radiotherapy showed a decreased local recurrence rate (p = 0.001), but without impact on survival rate. Male gender, tumor beyond the nasal cavity, and presence of distant metastasis were associated with poor survival.

Conclusion

An endoscopic‐including surgical approach was associated with improved local control and survival in sinonasal malignant melanoma patients. Postoperative radiotherapy helped increase the local control rate.
Design, Synthese und funktionelle Evaluierung von CO‐freisetzenden Molekülen, die durch Penicillin‐G‐Amidase als Modellprotease aktiviert werden
Authors: Sitnikov Nikolay S. , Li Yingchun , Zhang Danfeng , Yard Benito , Schmalz Hans‐Günther
Published: June 2015

Wir berichten über die Entwicklung Protease‐aktivierter Kohlenmonoxid‐freisetzender Moleküle (CORMs). Die Tragfähigkeit des gewählten Konzeptes wurde durch die Synthese von Verbindungen belegt, bei denen eine η4‐Oxydien‐Fe(CO)3‐Substruktur mit einer durch Penicillin‐G‐Amidase (PGA) spaltbaren Einheit über einen “selbstlösenden” Linker verknüpft ist. Die Geschwindigkeit der PGA‐induzierten Hydrolyse wurde per HPLC und die nachfolgende CO‐Freisetzung durch Headspace‐GC bestimmt. Bei gemeinsamer Gabe eines unserer CORMs und PGA konnten die Inhibition der Entzündungsantwort sowie die Induktion der Expression von Hämoxygenase‐1 in humanen Endothelzellen als typische biologische Effekte von CO in vitro nachgewiesen werden. Auf diese Weise wurde eine vielversprechende Basis für die zukünftige Entwicklung Protease‐spezifischer CORMs für potenzielle klinische Anwendungen geschaffen.
Design, Synthesis, and Functional Evaluation of CO‐Releasing Molecules Triggered by Penicillin G Amidase as a Model Protease
Authors: Sitnikov Nikolay S. , Li Yingchun , Zhang Danfeng , Yard Benito , Schmalz Hans‐Günther
Published: June 2015

Protease‐triggered CO‐releasing molecules (CORMs) were developed. The viability of the approach was demonstrated through the synthesis of compounds consisting of an η4‐oxydiene–Fe(CO)3 moiety connected to a penicillin G amidase (PGA)‐cleavable unit through a self‐immolative linker. The rate of PGA‐induced hydrolysis was investigated by HPLC analysis and the subsequent CO release was quantitatively assessed through headspace gas chromatography. In an in vitro assay with human endothelial cells, typical biological effects of CO, that is, inhibition of the inflammatory response and the induction of heme oxygenase‐1 expression, were observed only upon co‐administration of the CORM and PGA. This work forms a promising basis for the future development of protease‐specific CORMs for potential medicinal applications.
Maternal occupational pesticide exposure and risk of congenital heart defects in the national birth defects prevention study
Authors: Rocheleau Carissa M. , Bertke Stephen J. , Lawson Christina C. , Romitti Paul A. , Sanderson Wayne T. , Malik Sadia , Lupo Philip J. , Desrosiers Tania A. , Bell Erin , Druschel Charlotte , Correa Adolfo , Reefhuis Jennita ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are common birth defects, affecting approximately 1% of live births. Pesticide exposure has been suggested as an etiologic factor for CHDs, but previous results were inconsistent.

METHODS

We examined maternal occupational exposure to fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides for 3328 infants with CHDs and 2988 unaffected control infants of employed mothers using data for 1997 through 2002 births from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population‐based multisite case‐control study. Potential pesticide exposure from 1 month before conception through the first trimester of pregnancy was assigned by an expert‐guided task‐exposure matrix and job history details self‐reported by mothers. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS

Maternal occupational exposure to pesticides was not associated with CHDs overall. In examining specific CHD subtypes compared with controls, some novel associations were observed with higher estimated pesticide exposure: insecticides only and secundum atrial septal defect (OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3–2.7, 40 exposed cases); both insecticides and herbicides and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (OR = 5.1; 95% CI, 1.7–15.3, 4 exposed cases), as well as pulmonary valve stenosis (OR = 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3–10.1, 5 exposed cases); and insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2–4.0, 13 exposed cases).

CONCLUSION

Broad pesticide exposure categories were not associated with CHDs overall, but examining specific CHD subtypes revealed some increased odds ratios. These results highlight the importance of examining specific CHDs separately. Because of multiple comparisons, additional work is needed to verify these associations. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:823–833, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical aspects of Fanconi anemia individuals with the same mutation of FANCF identified by next generation sequencing
Authors: Nicchia Elena , Benedicenti Francesco , Rocco Daniela De , Greco Chiara , Bottega Roberta , Inzana Francesca , Faleschini Michela , Bonin Serena , Cappelli Enrico , Mogni Massimo , Stanzial Franco , Svahn Johanna , Dufour Carlo , Savoia Anna
Published: June 2015

Background

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by congenital malformations, aplastic anemia and increased risk of developing malignancies. FA is genetically heterogeneous as it is caused by at least 17 different genes. Among these, FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG account for approximately 85% of the patients whereas the remaining genes are mutated in only a small percentage of cases. For this reason, the molecular diagnostic process is complex and not always extended to all the FA genes, preventing the characterization of individuals belonging to rare groups.

Methods

The FA genes were analyzed using a next generation sequencing approach in two unrelated families.

Results

The analysis identified the same, c.484_485del, homozygous mutation of FANCF in both families. A careful examination of three electively aborted fetuses in one family and one affected girl in the other indicated an association of the FANCF loss‐of‐function mutation with a severe phenotype characterized by multiple malformations.

Conclusion

The systematic use of next generation sequencing will allow the recognition of individuals from rare complementation groups, a better definition of their clinical phenotypes, and consequently, an appropriate genetic counseling. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:1003–1010, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Die allmähliche Herausbildung des Konzepts ,Lichtquanten‘
Authors: Hentschel Klaus
Published: June 2015

The Gradual Formation of the Concept of ‘Light Quanta’. The complex concept of ‘light quanta’ which made its first appearance in Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper on a “heuristic point of view” to cope with the photoelectric effect and other forms of interaction of light and matter, has a rich history both before and after 1905. Some of its semantic layers lead as far back as Newton and Kepler, others are only fully espoused several decades later, yet others initially increased, then diminished in importance and finally vanished. Two historiographic approaches are discussed and exemplified: a) my own model of conceptual development as a series of semantic accretions, and b) Mark Turner’s model of ‘conceptual blending’. Both of these models are shown to be useful and will be further explored in my own efforts to come to grips with the complex process of concept formation.
Wissenschaftliche Begriffsbildung im Kreis der Accademia della Virtù in Rom um 1550
Authors: Kulawik Bernd
Published: June 2015

The Origin of Scientific Notions in the Circle of the Roman Accademia della Virtù around 1550. Between c. 1537 and 1555 a group of humanists, clerics, architects and philologists known as the so‐called Accademia della Virtù got together in Rome to work on a program which was formulated in a letter by the Sienese humanist Claudio Tolomei in 1542 and published in 1547. Starting out with the intention to understand the only surviving antique book on architecture and architectural theory – Vitruvius’ De architectura libri decem – the program describes a series of 24 books, eleven containing the classical text and its translation with commentaries, 13 books systematically illustrating and documenting all known and available material remains from Roman antiquity. This program for a scientific classical archaeology in a modern sense was not only intended to serve the intellectual curiosity of some humanist antiquarians but to help architects and their patrons to develop a new architecture of the same high quality as the idealized Roman examples. To achieve this practical as well as theoretical goal it was obviously necessary to re‐create the antique vocabulary of architecture and its rules as well as to unify the contemporary usage of notions and norms in a canon. The first results of this project seem to be the In decem Libros M. Vitruvii Pollionis de Architectura Annotationes by Guillaume Philandrier (Rome, 1544) – up to this day a very valuable explanation of ambiguous parts in the Vitruvian text. Until the 1980s, it was believed that this book was the only outcome of the ambitious project; but then two codices of drawings after antique reliefs were identified as preparations for one of the other 23 volumes – and, because of their systematic approach, regarded as the ‘first systematic archaeological book’. Now it seems that there are some other corpora of manuscripts and drawings documenting antique artifacts that should be regarded as results of the Accademia’s work, too, showing antique buildings, inscriptions and coins. Other results of the unfinished project may be the theoretical and practical works of the two most influencial architects of the sixteenth century: Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola and Andrea Palladio.
„Chemie der Begriffe“ und „historischer Sinn“. Überlegungen zur philosophischen Begriffsbildung
Authors: Blättler Christine
Published: June 2015

“Chemistry of Concepts” and “Historical Sense”. On Philosophical Concept Formation. The question concerning concepts and their relations to objects and words has had a long and controversial history. Recently, it is challenged by an anew turn towards objects and an emphasized object‐oriented ontology. The article argues that one reason for this is the reduction of concepts towards pure rational constructions and offers arguments for alternative understandings. In this context, the article proposes a re‐reading of Nietzsche’s particular approach and shows that Nietzsche’s thought is decisively shaped by the sciences of his time, especially physiology and chemistry. Before the background of the recent increase in research interest on Nietzsche and the sciences the article examines place and function of the sciences related to the genealogy and justification of concepts. Opposing a strong naturalist reading it makes a plea for understanding Nietzsche’s epistemological critique concerning concepts systematically as a triple one: philological, physiological, and historical.