bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lysosomotropic agents including azithromycin, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine activate the integrated stress response
Authors: Tian Ai-Ling , Wu Qi , Liu Peng , Zhao Liwei , Martins Isabelle , Kepp Oliver , Leduc Marion , Kroemer Guido
Published: January 2021

The integrated stress response manifests with the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) on serine residue 51 and plays a major role in the adaptation of cells to endoplasmic reticulum stress in the initiation of autophagy and in the ignition of immune responses. Here, we report that lysosomotropic agents, including azithromycin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine, can trigger eIF2α phosphorylation in vitro (in cultured human cells) and, as validated for hydroxychloroquine, in vivo (in mice). Cells bearing a non-phosphorylatable eIF2α mutant (S51A) failed to accumulate autophagic puncta in response to azithromycin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine. Conversely, two inhibitors of eIF2α dephosphorylation, nelfinavir and salubrinal, enhanced the induction of such autophagic puncta. Altogether, these results point to the unexpected capacity of azithromycin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine to elicit the integrated stress response.
STING promotes senescence, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degradation in osteoarthritis via the NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Guo Qiang , Chen Ximiao , Chen Jiaoxiang , Zheng Gang , Xie Chenglong , Wu Hongqiang , Miao Zhimin , Lin Yan , Wang Xiangyang , Gao Weiyang , Zheng Xiangtao , Pan Zongyou , Zhou Yifei , Wu Yaosen , Zhang Xiaolei
Published: January 2021

Damaged deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a primary pathologic factor for osteoarthritis (OA); however, the mechanism by which DNA damage drives OA is unclear. Previous research demonstrated that the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) participates in DNA damage response. As a result, the current study aimed at exploring the role STING, which is the major effector in the cGAS-STING signaling casacde, in OA progress in vitro, as well as in vivo. In this study, the expression of STING was evaluated in the human and mouse OA tissues, and in chondrocytes exposed to interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). The influences of STING on the metabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM), apoptosis, and senescence, were assessed in STING overexpressing and knocking-down chondrocytes. Moreover, the NF-κB-signaling casacde and its role in the regulatory effects of STING on ECM metabolism, apoptosis, and senescence were explored. The STING knockdown lentivirus was intra-articularly injected to evaluate its therapeutic impact on OA in mice in vivo. The results showed that the expression of STING was remarkably elevated in the human and mouse OA tissues and in chondrocytes exposed to IL-1β. Overexpression of STING promoted the expression of MMP13, as well as ADAMTS5, but suppressed the expression of Aggrecan, as well as Collagen II; it also enhanced apoptosis and senescence in chondrocytes exposed to and those untreated with IL-1β. The mechanistic study showed that STING activated NF-κB signaling cascade, whereas the blockage of NF-κB signaling attenuated STING-induced apoptosis and senescence, and ameliorated STING-induced ECM metabolism imbalance. In in vivo study, it was demonstrated that STING knockdown alleviated destabilization of the medial meniscus-induced OA development in mice. In conclusion, STING promotes OA by activating the NF-κB signaling cascade, whereas suppression of STING may provide a novel approach for OA therapy.
BTF3 confers oncogenic activity in prostate cancer through transcriptional upregulation of Replication Factor C
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Gao Xiang , Yi Jingyan , Sang Xiaolin , Dai Zhihong , Tao Zhiwei , Wang Min , Shen Lanlin , Jia Yaxun , Xie Daqing , Cheng Hailing , Liu Zhiyu , Liu Pixu
Published: January 2021

High levels of Basic Transcription Factor 3 (BTF3) have been associated with prostate cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of BTF3 as an oncogenic transcription factor in prostate tumorigenesis have not been explored. Herein, we report that BTF3 confers oncogenic activity in prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, while both BTF3 splicing isoforms (BTF3a and BTF3b) promote cell growth, BTF3b, but not BTF3a, regulates the transcriptional expression of the genes encoding the subunits of Replication Factor C (RFC) family that is involved in DNA replication and damage repair processes. BTF3 knockdown results in decreased expression of RFC genes, and consequently attenuated DNA replication, deficient DNA damage repair, and increased G2/M arrest. Furthermore, knockdown of the RFC3 subunit diminishes the growth advantage and DNA damage repair capability conferred by ectopic overexpression of BTF3b. Importantly, we show that enforced BTF3 overexpression in prostate cancer cells induces substantial accumulation of cisplatin-DNA adducts and render the cells more sensitive to cisplatin treatment both in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide novel insights into the role of BTF3 as an oncogenic transcription factor in prostate cancer and suggest that BTF3 expression levels may serve as a potential biomarker to predict cisplatin treatment response.
Quantized charge fractionalization at quantum Hall Y junctions in the disorder dominated regime
Authors: Lin Chaojing , Hashisaka Masayuki , Akiho Takafumi , Muraki Koji , Fujisawa Toshimasa
Published: January 2021

Fractionalization is a phenomenon where an elementary excitation partitions into several pieces. This picture explains non-trivial transport through a junction of one-dimensional edge channels defined by topologically distinct quantum Hall states, for example, a hole-conjugate state at Landau-level filling factor ν = 2/3. Here we employ a time-resolved scheme to identify an elementary fractionalization process; injection of charge q from a non-interaction region into an interacting and scattering region of one-dimensional channels results in the formation of a collective excitation with charge (1−r)q by reflecting fractionalized charge rq. The fractionalization factors, r = 0.34 ± 0.03 for ν = 2/3 and r = 0.49 ± 0.03 for ν = 2, are consistent with the quantized values of 1/3 and 1/2, respectively, which are expected in the disorder dominated regime. The scheme can be used for generating and transporting fractionalized charges with a well-defined time course along a well-defined path.
Multimodal pathophysiological dataset of gradual cerebral ischemia in a cohort of juvenile pigs
Authors: Frasch Martin G. , Walter Bernd , Herry Christophe L. , Bauer Reinhard
Published: January 2021

Ischemic brain injuries are frequent and difficult to detect reliably or early. We present the multi-modal data set containing cardiovascular (blood pressure, blood flow, electrocardiogram) and brain electrical activities to derive electroencephalogram (EEG) biomarkers of corticothalamic communication under normal, sedation, and hypoxic/ischemic conditions with ensuing recovery. We provide technical validation using EEGLAB. We also delineate the corresponding changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG)-derived heart rate variability (HRV) with the potential for future in-depth analyses of joint EEG-ECG dynamics. We review an open-source methodology to derive signatures of coupling between the ECoG and electrothalamogram (EThG) signals contained in the presented data set to better characterize the dynamics of thalamocortical communication during these clinically relevant states. The data set is presented in full band sampled at 2000 Hz, so the additional potential exists for insights from the full-band EEG and high-frequency oscillations under the bespoke experimental conditions. Future studies on the dataset may contribute to the development of new brain monitoring technologies, which will facilitate the prevention of neurological injuries.
Filter paper based SERS substrate for the direct detection of analytes in complex matrices
Authors: Siebe Harmke S. , Chen Qinglu , Li Xinyuan , Xu Yikai , Browne Wesley R. , Bell Steven E. J.
Published: January 2021

Spray coating paper with plasmonic aggregates/hydroxyethylcellulose solution allows fabrication of cheap SERS active substrates for direct analysis of protein/mud samples.
Gram-scale synthesis of single-atom metal–N–CNT catalysts for highly efficient CO2electroreduction
Authors: Sun Qian , Ren Wenhao , Zhao Yong , Zhao Chuan
Published: January 2021

A facile solid-state pyrolysis method to fabricate nickel–nitrogen–carbon nanotube (Ni–N–CNT) single atom catalysts for CO2electroreduction at the gram-scale.
Ion mobility-mass spectrometry shows stepwise protein unfolding under alkaline conditions
Authors: Sahin Cagla , Österlund Nicklas , Leppert Axel , Johansson Jan , Marklund Erik G. , Benesch Justin L. P. , Ilag Leopold L. , Allison Timothy M. , Landreh Michael
Published: January 2021

Although native mass spectrometry is widely applied to monitor chemical or thermal protein denaturation, it is not clear to what extent it can inform about alkali-induced unfolding.
Carbon-coated TiNb2O7 nanosheet arrays as self-supported high mass-loading anodes for flexible Li-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Jinquan , Dong Haoyang , Chen Yao , Ye Yihua , Xiao Liang , Deng Bohua , Liu Jinping
Published: January 2021

A TiNb2O7 anode material distributed in carbon-coated nanosheet arrays on carbon cloth is prepared by a facile method, and it is combined with LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 to assemble full batteries with an improved energy density at high rates.
Functionalized naphthalenediimide based supramolecular charge-transfer complexes via self-assembly and their photophysical properties
Authors: Rani Pooja , Husain Ahmad , Shukla Ananya , Singla Neha , Srivastava Ankit Kumar , Kumar Gulshan , Bhasin K. K. , Kumar Girijesh
Published: January 2021

Two new intermolecular CT complexes having large Stokes shift (>170 nm) and significant fluorescence life-time (∼1.55 ns) have been prepared and exploited for cell imaging application.
High crystallinity and conjugation promote the polarization degree in O-doped g-C3N4 for removing organic pollutants
Authors: Bai Xiaojuan , Wang Xuyu , Lu Xiongwei , Hou Shanshan , Sun Boxuan , Wang Cong , Jia Tianqi , Yang Shengqi
Published: January 2021

High crystallinity and extended conjugated system improve the polarization of O-doped g-C3N4, which efficiently promotes carrier separation.
DFT studies of selective oxidation of propene on the MoO3(010) surface
Authors: Lei Yanhua , Yan Min
Published: January 2021

Defects favor dehydrogenation of propene to acrolein on the MoO3(010) surface.
The spin-dependent transport properties of defected zigzag graphene nanoribbons with graphene nanobubbles
Authors: Ni Yun , Li Jia , Tao Wei , Ding Hao , Li Rui-Xue
Published: January 2021

Some spin-dependent transport properties are affected and some new properties are found since the presence of a nanobubble in a ZGNR.
Structural and optical properties of Be, Mg and Ca nanorods and nanodisks
Authors: Chronis A. G. , Michos F. I. , Garoufalis C. S. , Sigalas M. M.
Published: January 2021

Nanorods and nanodisks of Be, Mg, and Ca with different shapes and sizes have been theoretically studied.
Substituent effect on the thermophysical properties and thermal dissociation behaviour of 9-substituted anthracene derivatives
Authors: Brancart Joost , Van Damme Jonas , Du Prez Filip , Van Assche Guy
Published: January 2021

The photodimerization and thermal dissociation kinetics of anthracene derivatives and corresponding photodimers are related to the substituent chemical structures.
Electric field induced reversal of spin polarization, magnetic anisotropy and tailored Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in underoxidized SrRuO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures
Authors: Li Zengjie , Liu Xiang , Jiang Jiawei , Mi Wenbo , Bai Haili
Published: January 2021

The electric field tailored spatial spin polarization (SSP) and magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) could be achieved in underoxidized SRO/STO heterostructures. The electric field induced SSP and MAE reversal can be used in the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), by which different resistance states in MTJ can be achieved by changing the external electric field.
Smart nanocomposites of chitosan/alginate nanoparticles loaded with copper oxide as alternative nanofertilizers
Authors: Leonardi Marco , Caruso Giuseppe M. , Carroccio Sabrina C. , Boninelli Simona , Curcuruto Giusy , Zimbone Massimo , Allegra Maria , Torrisi Biagio , Ferlito Filippo , Miritello Maria
Published: January 2021

A chitosan and sodium alginate complex acts as a biodegradable shell to release nanoscaled nutrients, CuO nanoparticles, as an alternative smart delivery nanofertilizer.
Perspectives on palladium-based nanomaterials: green synthesis, ecotoxicity, and risk assessment
Authors: Luo Songhao , Liu Yang , Zhu Yuan , Niu Qiuya , Cheng Min , Ye Shujing , Yi Huan , Shao Binbin , Shen Maocai , Wen Xiaofeng , Zeng Guangming , Liu Zhifeng
Published: January 2021

By comprehensively analyzing and discussing the application progress, environmental behavior and ecotoxicology of palladium-based nanomaterials (Pd-NMs), guidelines are provided for the sustainable development of Pd-NMs.
A novel pH-responsive Fe-MOF system for enhanced cancer treatment mediated by the Fenton reaction
Authors: Wang Senlin , Wu Hongshuai , Sun Kai , Hu Jinzhong , Chen Fanghui , Liu Wen , Chen Jian , Sun Baiwang , Hossain Abul Monsur Showkot
Published: January 2021

A novel pH-responsive Fe-MOF system for enhancing cancer treatment mediated by a Fenton reaction.
Translocation of flexible and tensioned ssDNA through in silico designed hydrophobic nanopores with two constrictions
Authors: Rattu Punam , Belzunces Bastien , Haynes Taylor , Skylaris Chris-Kriton , Khalid Syma
Published: January 2021

Protein-inspired nanopores with hydrophobic constriction regions have previously been shown to offer some promise for DNA sequencing.
Synthesis and characterization of [7]triangulene
Authors: Mishra Shantanu , Xu Kun , Eimre Kristjan , Komber Hartmut , Ma Ji , Pignedoli Carlo A. , Fasel Roman , Feng Xinliang , Ruffieux Pascal
Published: January 2021

On-surface synthesis of a large triangulene homologue, [7]triangulene (C78H24), is reported on Cu(111), along with its detailed characterization by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at 4.5 K.
A high-voltage quasi-solid-state flexible supercapacitor with a wide operational temperature range based on a low-cost “water-in-salt” hydrogel electrolyte
Authors: Deng Yongqi , Wang Hongfei , Zhang Kefu , Shao Jingwen , Qiu Jun , Wu Juan , Wu Yihan , Yan Lifeng
Published: January 2021

Low-cost and quasi-solid-state polyelectrolyte hydrogel accommodating a superhigh concentration of CH3COOK has been prepared for supercapacitors with high ionic conductivity and electrochemical window.
Nanoparticle-induced ferroptosis: detection methods, mechanisms and applications
Authors: Zheng Huizhen , Jiang Jun , Xu Shujuan , Liu Wei , Xie Qianqian , Cai Xiaoming , Zhang Jie , Liu Sijin , Li Ruibin
Published: January 2021

Three mechanisms of nanoparticle-induced ferroptosis including membrane impairment, lysosomal dysfunction and mitochondrial damage have been summarized in this review.
High potassium ion storage capacity with long cycling stability of sustainable oxygen-rich carbon nanosheets
Authors: Li Xuechun , Wang Huanlei , Zhang Wenzhe , Wei Wenrui , Liao Ranxia , Shi Jing , Huang Minghua , Liu Shuai , Shi Zhicheng
Published: January 2021

An oxygen-rich carbon nanosheet anode was designed for potassium ion batteries, showing a high specific capacity and superior rate capability, and the oxygen plays a vital role in obtaining superb cycling stability.
Delineating synchronized control of dynamic covalent and non-covalent interactions for polymer chain collapse towards cargo localization and delivery
Authors: Joseph Jojo P. , Miglani Chirag , Bhatt Aashish , Ray Debes , Singh Ashmeet , Gupta Deepika , Ali Md. Ehesan , Aswal Vinod K. , Pal Asish
Published: January 2021

Synergistic control of photo-responsive dynamic covalent and non-covalent interaction over the chain collapse of single chain thermo-responsive polymers towards cargo localization and augmented release.
Benzoperylene-grafted and Cu2+chelated polymeric nanoparticles for GSH depletion and chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Niu Niu , Zhou Huipeng , Yang Na , Wang Dong , Yu Cong
Published: January 2021

A novel benzoperylene based water-soluble and excimer-emissive polymeric nanomaterial was obtainedviaATRP and used as a Cu2+chelated polymeric nanomaterial for effective GSH depletion and chemodynamic therapy.
Small peptide diversification through photoredox-catalyzed oxidative C-terminal modification
Authors: Le Du Eliott , Garreau Marion , Waser Jérôme
Published: January 2021

A photoredox approach for the generation of N-acyliminiums derived from peptides enabling diversification via Friedel–Crafts reactions.
Redox-triggered aggregation of ESIONPs with switchable T1 to T2 contrast effect for T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: He Yilin , Cao Yi , Mao Zheng , Zhou Youxin , Zhang Ye , Pei Renjun
Published: January 2021

An ESIONPs-based switchable MRI contrast agent for accurate cancer diagnosis.
Triphenylamine- and triazine-containing hydrogen bonded complexes: liquid crystalline supramolecular semiconductors
Authors: Feringán Beatriz , Termine Roberto , Golemme Attilio , Granadino-Roldán José M. , Navarro Amparo , Giménez Raquel , Sierra Teresa
Published: January 2021

Liquid crystalline behavior is found for supramolecular complexes with triphenylamine units at the periphery. The high hole transport values measured in the mesophase demonstrate a high potential as supramolecular semiconductors.
Debris discs in binaries: morphology and photometric signatures
Authors: Thebault P. , Kral Q. , Olofsson J.
Published: January 2021

Context. Since about half of all main-sequence stars reside in multiple star systems, it is important to consider the effect of binarity on the evolution of planetesimal belts in these complex systems.

Aims. We aim to see whether debris belts evolving between two stars may be impacted by the presence of the companion and whether this leaves any detectable signature that could be observed with current or future instruments.

Methods. We consider a circumprimary parent body (PB) planetesimal belt that is placed just inside the stability limit between the two stars and we use the state-of-the-art DyCoSS code to follow the coupled dynamical and collisional evolution of the dust produced by this PB belt. We explore several free parameters, such as the belt’s mass and the binary’s mass ratio as well as its orbital eccentricity. We use the GraTeR package to produce 2D luminosity maps and system-integrated spectral energy distributions (SEDs).

Results. We confirm a preliminary result obtained by previous DyCoSS studies, which is that the coupled effect of collisional activity, binary perturbations, and stellar radiation pressure is able to place and maintain a halo of small grains in the dynamically unstable region between the two stars. In addition, we identify several prominent spatial structures, notably, a single spiral arm stretching all the way from the PB belt to the companion star. We also identify a fainter and more compact disc around the secondary star, which is non-native and feeds off small grains from the unstable halo. The halo, spiral arm, and secondary disc should all be detectable on resolved images by instruments with capacities on the level of SPHERE. The system as a whole is depleted of small grains when compared to a companion-free case. This depletion leaves an imprint on the system’s integrated SED, which appears colder than for the same parent body belt around a single star. This new finding could explain why the SED-derived location, rdisc, of some unresolved discs-in-binaries places their primary belt in the dynamically ’forbidden’ region between the two stars: indeed, this apparent paradox could be due to an overestimation of rdisc when using empirical prescriptions that are valid for the case of a single star.
Inclusive Growth and International Labour Migration
Authors: Chepel Sergey , Tukhtarova Evgenia , Neklyudova Natalia
Published: January 2021

This contribution presents the results of an econometric analysis of the interconnections between migration, economic diversification, the quality of state institutions and other qualitative characteristics of economic growth that have developed in developing countries of the world over the past two decades. The study highlighted the most important factors that contribute to the creation of conditions and prerequisites for the inclusive development of the economy. The analysis showed that among other factors, the most important are the quality of state institutions, technological development, which creates the conditions for investing in human capital. The study also made it possible to determine thresholds for these factors as guidelines for the transition of the CIS countries to the inclusive development of their economies and to limit disordered labour migration. Another important result of the study is the fact that large-scale and poorly controlled migration is acting like a brake on the sustainable development of the whole post-Soviet space. To overcome this process, it is necessary to create large-scale joint integration, knowledge-based and technological projects that will not only reduce the scale of migration to Russia, but also contribute to increasing human capital in the CIS countries and to the creation of knowledge-based jobs in their labour markets.
Influence and Intensity of Exogenous Factors on the Development and Stability of Rural Areas
Authors: Pártlová Petra
Published: January 2021

This contribution focuses on the issue of the influence and intensity of exogenous factors on the development and stability of rural areas. The results are presented at two levels. The first reflects the monitoring of the influence of external factors on the external environment of companies, i.e. those factors which they have limited possibilities to influence, and how to eliminate the potential negative impacts thereof. The second provides information on the results and evaluation of four basic parameters in the field of knowledge skills, namely contenders, competition, coordination and cooperation. The evaluation of the goals set are based on the results of a questionnaire survey, supplemented by controlled interviews with business managers and the managements of local action groups (LAGs) in the Region of South Bohemia. The created database is analysed using the method of content analysis and the simultaneous use of statistical methods. The main outputs of the solution determine the significance and strength of the external environment on companies, which is mostly influenced by competitors, suppliers, customers and business partners. In contrast, universities and research institutes do not have a significant impact on the business environment. Similar results apply to LAGs, where in most cases the LAGs cooperate with each other and are not considered competitors, thereby also reporting good cooperation with towns, micro-regions and the regional authorities of South Bohemia. In contrast, LAGs reported none or poor cooperation with the National Network of LAGs and ministries.
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Rural Areas of the Czech Republic and Their Approach to Management Auditing
Authors: Raušer Daniel
Published: January 2021

Regarding small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their conditions in the present business environment, it is determinative for them to be prosperous and ambitious. In order to achieve their defined goals, such enterprises are advised to conduct periodical marketing environmental analyses and various audits. However, an audit process that examines overall enterprise management and measures its performance, i.e. management auditing, tends to be overlooked at times or mistaken for other activities. Related research involving Czech SMEs located in rural areas and operating in diverse industries discovered that management audit process capabilities, specifically in terms of organization and resources, are not fully utilized resulting in the enterprises’ lower competitiveness. In connection with broader assessment of enterprise management systems, the objective of this paper consists in introducing a particular sub-model titled “Comprehensive and Individual Resource Analysis”, which finalizes the previously developed and published “Two-Stage 7S Evaluation Model” [1]. Implementing the eventually completed model of management auditing on a regular basis would allow the SMEs to remove faults (and raise efficiencies) in their management processes, and enhance their enterprise value in the domestic and international markets.
Smart Innovations as Accelerators for SMEs in Rural Areas
Authors: Šulyová Dominika , Gabryšová Marie , Vodák Josef
Published: January 2021

Innovative approaches are driving the stabilization, development, and competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The introduction of smart concepts has a favourable impact on their activities. At present, urban areas and urban projects are more preferred and supported. The importance and benefits of rural areas and SMEs' engagement therein is underestimated in terms of country development at the European level. This contribution aims to point out innovative approaches that contribute to the development of SMEs and smart cities or regions using best practice examples from abroad with a focus on specific rural areas in the Czech Republic—where this issue is gaining momentum. The analysis of best practice examples and expert opinions in this field was used to make comparisons and to summarise the knowledge gained. This contribution also serves as a basis for mapping the factors that can support regional development and growth, as well as provides recommendations for future follow-ups and new concepts for the coming years in Czech rural areas, or areas that are culturally similar, such as Slovak rural areas.
Transformation of Managerial Competencies within the Context of Global Challenges
Authors: Bondarenko Viktoriya , Diugowanets Olesia , Kurei Oksana
Published: January 2021

This contribution presents an analysis of the transformational changes in the global environment on the content of modern models of managerial competencies. Theoretical approaches to the definition of managerial competencies according to international standards are studied, and on this basis a hierarchy of competencies, within the context of their acquisition through professional training, is determined. The predictions and changes in the basic competencies of managers in the near future (2025) are analysed. Sets of general managerial (organizational) competencies (hard skills) and non-specialized supra-professional competencies (soft skills) are defined and compared. Digital competences and intercultural competences are defined as conceptually new skills required by a modern effective manager.
Measuring and Promoting Entrepreneurial Intentions and Entrepreneurial Competence – Implications for Education
Authors: Faltermeier Johann
Published: January 2021

The questionnaire “Entrepreneurial Competence” (developed as part of the author’s dissertation) can be used in practice, but above all also for the measurement of entrepreneurial intentions and competence within (higher) education. Data were collected in two periods at both universities, OTH Regensburg and VŠTE Budweis, for the underlying descriptive evaluation in the field of higher education. This study provides information on the entrepreneurial environment, but also on the students’ entrepreneurial competence. At the two universities, 153 students have already taken part in an entrepreneurship course. The environment at both institutes is rated as above-average. The entrepreneurial intention is also clearly visible at the institutes and is significantly higher in the second survey. In the area of entrepreneurial knowledge and skills, the second survey revealed higher levels than at the time of the first initial measurement. In order to be able to better adapt the teaching to the entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial competence of students in the future, the increasing use of activating elements within entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship education is recommended. Planning, role-play, case studies and project work, for instance, contribute to the targeted, group-specific and differentiated competence-based promotion of potential entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. To achieve this, the initial measurement of entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial competence is therefore essential.
Vergiftung durch Rauchgase – Kohlenmonoxidintoxikation
Authors: Wirtz Sebastian , Callies Andreas , Schaper Andreas
Published: January 2021

Die meisten inhalativen Vergiftungen entstehen durch Kohlenmonoxid (CO). Ursachen sind in der Regel Brände in Gebäuden, aus denen die Betroffenen nicht schnell genug flüchten konnten (Abb. 1), oder CO-Emissionen aus Feuerungsanlagen und Verbrennungsmotoren. Zu den selteneren Ursachen zählen sog. Indoor-Grills, der Aufenthalt in Shisha-Bars oder in unbelüfteten Holzpellet-Lagern.
Michael Addition of Indoles to Enones Catalyzed by a Cationic Iron Salt
Authors: Nishikata Takashi , Inishi Tsukasa , Hirata Goki
Published: January 2021

Indoles are one of the most valuable nucleophiles in Michael additions catalyzed by a proper Lewis acid. In this paper, we found that a cationic iron salt is effective to carry out the Michael addition of indoles. β-Mono- and disubstituted enones reacted smoothly with indoles under our conditions. The cationic iron catalyst is very active, and the maximum TON was up to 425. Moreover, cationic iron-catalyzed conditions enabled a chemoselective Michael addition of a substrate possessing both enone and α,β-unsaturated ester moieties.
A Short Approach to N-Aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines from N-(2-Bromobenzyl)anilines via a Reductive Amination/Palladium-Catalyzed Ethoxyvinylation/Reductive N-Alkylation Sequence
Authors: Bracher Franz , Glas Carina , Wirawan Ricky
Published: January 2021

N-Aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines are obtained via a convenient and short protocol with a broad range of substituents on both aromatic rings and high functional group tolerance. Starting from readily available ortho-brominated aromatic aldehydes and primary aromatic amines, condensation of these building blocks under reductive conditions gives N-aryl 2-bromobenzylamines. The C-3/C-4-unit of the tetrahydroisoquinoline is introduced using commercially available 2-ethoxyvinyl pinacolboronate under Suzuki conditions. Finally, the obtained crude ortho-ethoxyvinyl benzylamines are cyclized via an intramolecular reductive amination using the combination of triethylsilane/TFA to give the desired N-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines.
Accurate Tongue–Palate Pressure Sensing Device to Study Speech Production and Swallowing in Patients with Complete Denture
Authors: Mirchandani Bharat , Perrier Pascal , Grosgogeat Brigitte , Jeannin Christophe
Published: January 2021

Objectives The mechanical interactions between tongue and palate are crucial for speech production and swallowing. In this study, we presented examples of pressure signals that can be recorded with our PRESLA system (PRESLA holds for the French expression “PRESsion de la LAngue” [Pressure from the tongue]) to assess these motor functions, and we illustrate which issues can be tackled with such a system.

Materials and Methods A single French-speaking edentulous subject, old wearer of a complete denture, with no speech production and swallowing disorders, was recorded during the production of nonsense words including French alveolar fricatives, and during dry and water swallowing. The PRESLA system used strain-gauge transducers that were inserted into holes drilled in the palatal surface of a duplicate of the prosthesis at six locations that were relevant for speech production and swallowing. Pressure signals were postsynchronized with the motor tasks based on audio signals.

Results Patterns of temporal variations of the pressure exerted by the tongue on the palate are shown for the two studied motor tasks. It is shown for our single subject that patterns for fricative /s/ are essentially bell shaped, whereas pressure signals observed for water swallow begin with a maximum followed by a slow decrease during the rest of the positive pressure phase. Pressure magnitude is almost 20 times larger for water swallow than for /s/ production.

Conclusions This study illustrates the usefulness of our PRESLA system for studying speech production and swallowing motor control under normal and pathological conditions.
Impact on Quality of Life of Patients Treated by Different File Systems for Root Canal Treatment
Authors: L.S Priyanka , Rao Lakshmi Nidhi , Shetty Aditya , Hegde Mithra N. , Shetty Chitharanjan
Published: January 2021

Introduction The outcomes of oral health conditions and therapy for those conditions are described by the term “oral health-related quality of life.” Oral health-related quality of life is recognized by the World Health Organization as an important part of the Global Oral Health Program. The study aims to compare the impact of three root canal preparation systems on patients’ quality of life and correlate postoperative pain with the impact on the quality of life.

Materials and Methods A survey was performed in which 90 patients were randomly assigned to three groups based on the root canal preparation system: (1) ProTaper Gold (Dentsply, Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States), (2) Neoendo flex (Neoendo, India), and (3) Hyflex EDM/CM (Coltene Whaledent) that included 30 participants in each group. Data collection included the implementation of a demographic data questionnaire, Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (quality of life), and visual analogue scale(pain). The questionnaire was given after root canal treatment in the first 24 hours. The data obtained were statistically analyzed.

Results No significant differences were found in the quality of life among study groups. Group 1 demonstrated a highly significant difference in the postoperative pain with p value of 2.67.

Conclusion Within the limitations of the present study, Protaper Gold showed a highly significant difference in postoperative pain when compared with other file systems. No significant differences were found in the quality of life among the study groups.
Changing parameters yield insight into early warning signals for critical transitions
Authors: Ishimaru Matthew
Published: January 2021

In dynamical systems, the rate of change of input parameters affects the location of tipping points between states.
Enhancing the piezoelectric modulus of wurtzite AlN by ion beam strain engineering
Authors: Fiedler Holger , Leveneur Jérôme , Mitchell David R. G. , Arulkumaran Subramaniam , Ng Geok Ing , Alphones Arokiaswami , Kennedy John
Published: January 2021

The piezoelectric modulus of wurtzite aluminum nitride (AlN) is a critical material parameter for electrical components, ultimately contributing to the energy efficiency and achievable bandwidth of modern communication devices. Here, we demonstrate that the introduction of metallic point-defects (Ti, Zr, Hf) improves the piezoelectric modulus of as-received, unstrained, epitaxially grown AlN. The metals are incorporated by ion implantation with an acceleration energy of 30 keV to a fluence of 1015 at cm−2, which causes an elongation along the wurtzite c-axis. The stored internal strain energy increases the piezoelectric polarization of the thin AlN layer. This can equivalently be described by an enhancement of the piezoelectric modulus d33. The incorporation of 0.1 at. % Ti enhances the piezoelectric modulus by ∼30%; significantly exceeding gains obtained by alloying with the same amount of Sc.
On the control volume arbitrariness in the Navier–Stokes equation
Authors: Espath Luis
Published: January 2021

We present a continuum theory to demonstrate the implications of considering general tractions developed on arbitrary control volumes where the surface enclosing it lacks smoothness. We then tailor these tractions to recover the Navier–Stokes-αβ equation and its thermodynamics. Consistent with the surface balances postulated to propose this theory, we provide an alternative approach to derive the natural boundary conditions.
Vegetation change in semi-permanent or ephemeral montane marshes (lagoons) of the New England Tablelands Bioregion
Authors: Hunter John T.
Published: January 2021

The vegetation communities within semi-permanent or ephemeral montane marshes colloquially known as lagoons are an under investigated wetland type of the New England Tablelands Bioregion (NETB) yet they are listed (Upland Wetlands) on both state and federal acts as endangered. Lack of survey and analysis of plot data has meant that the variation in vegetation due to zonation, seasonality and unpredictable wetting and drying cycles are poorly understood. Here, 317 full floristic 2 × 2-m plots were placed across 13 lagoons. The plot data were classified to allow description of native and novel vegetation types using the hierarchical EcoVeg schema. The updated classification includes one Division and Macrogroup with 15 Alliances and 47 Associations. Permanent 50-m transects with a 1 × 1-m plot at every 5 m (10 per transect) were placed within lagoons. Five lagoons were resurveyed annually for 3 years. Within transects, each plot was assigned an Association after each survey period. Approximately one third of transect plots changed in vegetation type each year, often at the Alliance level. Over the 3-year period the number of Associations reduced by ~30% across transects associated with increasing drought and drying out of the wetlands. Transitional environments with the greatest level of hydrological periodicity had the greatest variety of Associations recorded. Highly dynamic systems with increased temporal turnover are likely to require increased sampling effort both spatially and temporally than more stable vegetated systems. The constant changing nature of these communities poses significant issues for management and conservation planning, including benchmarking and offsetting, which may require novel solutions.
Automatic detection of influential actors in disinformation networks
Authors: Smith Steven T. , Kao Edward K. , Mackin Erika D. , Shah Danelle C. , Simek Olga , Rubin Donald B.
Published: January 2021

Significance

Hostile influence operations (IOs) that weaponize digital communications and social media pose a rising threat to open democracies. This paper presents a system framework to automate detection of disinformation narratives, networks, and influential actors. The framework integrates natural language processing, machine learning, graph analytics, and network causal inference to quantify the impact of individual actors in spreading the IO narrative. We present a classifier that detects reported IO accounts with 96% precision, 79% recall, and 96% AUPRC, demonstrated on real social media data collected for the 2017 French presidential election and known IO accounts disclosed by Twitter. Our system also discovers salient network communities and high-impact accounts that are independently corroborated by US Congressional reports and investigative journalism.
Retrospective analysis of the Italian exit strategy from COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Marziano Valentina , Guzzetta Giorgio , Rondinone Bruna Maria , Boccuni Fabio , Riccardo Flavia , Bella Antonino , Poletti Piero , Trentini Filippo , Pezzotti Patrizio , Brusaferro Silvio , Rezza Giovanni , Iavicoli Sergio , Ajelli Marco , Merler Stefano
Published: January 2021

Significance

We use a mathematical model to evaluate the Italian exit strategy after the lockdown imposed against the COVID-19 epidemics, comparing it to a number of alternative scenarios. We highlight that a successful reopening requires two critical conditions: a low value of the reproduction number and a low incidence of infection. The first is needed to allow some margin for expansion after the lifting of restrictions; the second is needed because the level of incidence will be maintained approximately constant after the reproduction number has grown to values close to one. Furthermore, we suggest that, even with significant reductions of transmission rates, resuming social contacts at prepandemic levels escalates quickly the COVID-19 burden.
Bidens pilosa (blackjack).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa
Published: January 2021

Bidens pilosa is a widespread weed of tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world. This species has high reproductive potential and fast-growing rates, which are traits enabling it to rapidly spread and colonize new areas. A single plant may produce up to 6000 seeds per year and its seeds can easily be dispersed attached to animals, birds, human clothes or by wind and water. Seeds may remain viable for 5-6 years. This species is also adapted to grow in a wide range of habitats and soil types. It benefits from disturbances and quickly invades after fire and soil tillage. It has the potential to grow rapidly forming dense stands that outcompete and eliminate crops and native vegetation. The leaf and the root contain allelopathic substances that suppress the germination and establishment of seedlings of native plant species. The dense thickets can also affect roads, rails and recreation areas and are nuisance to travellers and tourists. Its burs irritate people and livestock and the roots, leaves, and flowers are strongly phytotoxic and poisonous. Currently it is listed as an agricultural and environmental weed in more than 40 countries.
Influence of constraint conditions on the seasonal variation of the concrete temperature cracks in a tunnel final lining
Authors: Ma J Q , Xue C , Wang L , Fang P , Ren K
Published: January 2021

Temperature and shrinkage cracks are still not rare in tunnel and underground cast-in-place concrete linings. The features of the constraint conditions during temperature dropping stage of the lining in construction are rigorously concerned in terms of crack prevention and magnitude control. The width seasonal variations of the temperature cracks in a tunnel concrete final lining, monitored with vibrating strain gauges, imply that the constraint conditions, on which the temperature and shrinkage cracks developed in the lining concrete during the temperature dropping stage, are working and of successive features in the post-construction period. Therefore, the seasonal variation of the crack widths can partially indicate the constraint conditions of the cast-in-place lining concrete cracking in construction period. Considering the cracks beyond the planned allowable values, the results from this case imply that it is beneficial to apply a flexible layer on the outer surface of cast-in-place concrete lining in concrete crack resistance design and construction quality control, especially for a tunnel with cast-in-place concrete monolithic lining or two-pass lining.
Synthesis of layered double hydroxide from biomass combustion ash and coal fly ash for phosphate removal
Authors: Wajima T , Suhara A
Published: January 2021

In this study, we attempted to synthesize layered double hydroxide (LDH) from biomass combustion ash and coal fly ash for phosphorus removal. There is a big problem that a large amount of these ashes are discharged to dispose at landfill as industrial wastes due to the shortage of landfill sites in Japan. On the other hand, water pollution caused by anions, such as eutrophication with phosphoric acid (PO4
3−) in wastewater, has become a problem. In this study, the biomass combustion ash and coal fly ash were added to HCl to dissolve cations, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+ and Al3+, in the ash to prepare acidic liquid mixture with a molar ratio of (Ca2+ + Mg2+) / (Fe3+ + Al3+) = 5.2, and the mixture stirred to synthesize the product including LDH at 40 °C for 6 h with keeping pH 12.5. As the result, Ca-Mg-Fe-Al LDH was successfully synthesized from the solution extracted from biomass combustion ash and coal fly ash using HCl, and the obtained product showed high phosphorus removal ability. From Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models to estimate the phosphorus adsorption of the product, Langmuir equation could be more realistic than the Freundlich’s equation, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity is 2.33 mmol/g.
Preface
Authors: Choi Young-Do , Ahn Soo-Hwang
Published: January 2021

We, representing IAHR Asia Working Group(AWG), are pleased to conclude the 2nd IAHR-Asia Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems (IAHR-Asia 2019) with successful and fruitful academic achievements, which was held on September 24-25, 2019 in Busan, Korea.

By this international meeting, current research activities and advanced technologies relating to modern hydraulic machinery were introduced and a more efficient way of sustainable development for our future was discussed together with all participants.

This conference has attracted nearly 200 scholars and experts from 8 different countries and regions in the field of hydraulic machinery and systems to share new research results and advanced developments.

We are very grateful that Professor Young-Ho Lee from Korea Maritime and Ocean University of Korea presided as a chair, Professor Zhengwei Wang from Tsinghua University of China and Professor Kazuyoshi Miyagawa from Waseda University of Japan as co-chairs over the conference. Thanks for all participants for their attendance and sharing the constructive and fruitful discussions.

The conference consists of three main parts: invited lecture, general sessions and special sessions covering a wide range of subjects from hydro turbines, pumps, pump-turbines, small and micro hydropower, computational and experimental technique, cavitation, vibration and fluid structure interactions, ocean energy (wave & tidal, OTEC), design optimization of hydraulic machinery and systems, single- & multi-stage pumps and pump sump model tests (CFD & experiment).

It is our great honor that 3 experts gave outstanding and excellent invited lectures: Prof. Xianguo Qian, from the China Dredging Association, China; Mr. Yaowu Xu, from State Grid Xinyuan Company, China; Prof. Bhola Thapa, from Kathmandu University, Nepal.

Besides the invited lectures, there were 71 general session presentations as well as 8 special session presentations. Oral speakers and poster presenters shared their latest research results with the audience, the audience actively and enthusiastically participated in by asking questions and sharing discussions. This conference proceeding included 28 accepted articles selected from 157 submissions.

We are extremely grateful for organizers, committee members and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work and participants for their active attending. Our sincere thanks also go to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceedings.

On behalf of the Organizing Committee of IAHR-Asia 2019