bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redefining Japan’s Tourism: Post-COVID Challenges and Cultural Dynamics
Authors: Lee Soji
Published: May 2024

The global tourism landscape has undergone considerable transformation owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has altered its dynamics and created new challenges. Previously, travel was linked to well-being, fostering social connections, and a sense of belonging. However, the pandemic has caused substantial disruptions, leading to job losses and changes in travel behavior. Japan, which was already grappling with overtourism pre-pandemic, faced challenges such as strained infrastructure and environmental impact. Post-pandemic challenges include issues regarding tourist etiquette and labor shortages within the industry. Japan’s deeply rooted mask-wearing culture, driven by social responsibility, may lead to social stigma if norms are ignored, thus affecting tourism. Owing to an aging population and unattractive job profiles, the industry faces labor shortages, which lead to difficulties in recruiting during peak seasons. Therefore, understanding these challenges is crucial for the recovery and revival of tourism in Japan. Strategies must align with evolving societal values and sustainable practices to address behavioral norms and labor shortages. Using tweet-derived data, this study revealed an unexpected increase in discussions regarding mask use, highlighting Japan’s societal emphasis on harmony and consideration of others. This study highlights the challenges faced by tourists and industry professionals, particularly regarding foreign visitors’ comprehension of Japanese cultural norms. The results emphasize the critical factors affecting post-pandemic tourism in Japan, with the aim of exploring cultural influences on sustainable tourism in subsequent research. This endeavor aligns with the vision of the United Nations World Tourism Organization to reconstruct the industry and ensure equitable benefits for all stakeholders.
Does Financial Derivative Hedging Reduce Firms’ Financial Constraints?
Authors: Patil Bharat
Published: May 2024

This study examines the relationship between the firms’ derivative risk management and its financial constraints. Firms face a wedge between their internal and external financing for their investments. I test whether this wedge reduces firms’ financial constraints when they hedge using interest rate, foreign currency, and commodity derivatives. Using an event study and a difference-in-differences framework around implementing Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) 123R, this study shows a strong causal relationship between derivative hedging and financial constraints. I find that net debt increases for the derivative hedging firms, on the other hand, cash holdings and net equity issuance decreases. When managers of non-financial corporations believe that their firm will face a liquidity shortage, they save more cash out of cash flow as a precautionary measure. Both cash flow-cash sensitivity and investment-cash flow sensitivity decrease. The analysis also shows that both the loan spread and the probability of covenant violation decrease after firms start derivative hedging. The main implication of the analysis is that risk management influences the asymmetric information between lenders and borrowers: the increase in risk management, the less the asymmetry.
TBE In Latvia
Authors: Zavadska Dace , Freimane Zane
Published: May 2024

Aggregated data on TBE cases in Latvia are available from 1955,1 but serological testing for TBE began in the 1970s.2 Since TBE became notifiable in Latvia, epidemiological changes of disease incidence have been dramatic. Between 1990–2000 Latvia had the highest rates of TBE incidence in the world, ranging from 8 to 53 cases per 100,000 population.2 Although the incidence has decreased significantly in the past 10 years to about half – from 14.58/100,000 in 2010 to 7.86/100,000 in 2018 – Latvia still ranks very high among all countries in Europe with an annual incidence of 12.67/100,000 in 2022. The distribution of TBE cases in Latvia varies between different regions with the highest incidence usually registered near the northwestern coast.
TBE in the Netherlands
Authors: H.J. Reimerink Johan , Sprong Hein , Harms Margriet , Reusken Chantal B.E.M.
Published: May 2024

Until 2015, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was presumed not to be endemic in the Netherlands.1,2 Consequently, the number of diagnostic requests for detection of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) infection has been low. Between 2006 and 2015, the laboratory of the Netherlands Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), 1 of the 2 laboratories that performed TBEV diagnostics in the Netherlands at the time, received an average of 20 (range 12–27) requests for TBEV diagnostics per year. In the same period, TBE was diagnosed in 7 Dutch patients. All cases were considered to be travel-related. Indeed, 6 out of 7 patients reported that they had recently travelled to TBEV-endemic countries such as Austria (4), Germany (1), and Sweden (1).
Living under Arctic kelp forests: linking soft-bottom communities to kelp cover in the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Lavoie C , Howland KL , Filbee-Dexter K , Massicotte P , Goldsmit J , McKindsey CW , Archambault P
Published: May 2024

Kelp forests are dominant habitats along Canadian Arctic coastlines. While their extent and productivity are expected to change dramatically due to global warming, their role in supporting Arctic coastal biodiversity remains poorly explored. Leveraging an extensive data set encompassing core samples, video transects, and environmental data, this study explores the patterns and drivers of benthic diversity, particularly focusing on kelp cover, across 4 Eastern Canadian Arctic regions. We show that the widespread soft bottoms in many subtidal coastal Arctic areas are associated with high densities of the kelp Saccharina latissima, often growing in mixed stands with Laminaria solidungula and Alaria esculenta. These kelps enhance the diversity of invertebrate communities thriving in the sediment below, increasing densities in specific groups and promoting subsurface feeding activity. Interregional comparisons indicate that high turbidity conditions typically lead to low macroalgal cover and low invertebrate richness, whereas extensive sea ice cover can favor high macroalgal abundance and unique diverse communities. Conditions of intermediate open-water duration and high water clarity support tall kelp forests, hosting approximately 70% of local rare taxa. Based on these surveys, we provide a list of Arctic invertebrate taxa according to their level of selectivity for kelp forests as habitats. Despite variation among regions, kelp forests enhance biodiversity and drive unique benthic communities in the Canadian Arctic. Due to their ecological significance and potential vulnerability, we recommend efforts to integrate kelp forests into marine protected areas and minimize human-induced damaging activities within or near these habitats.
‘A Dead, Living, Murdered Man’: Staging the Irish Gothic
Authors: Morash Christopher
Published: May 2024

The Irish gothic has had a long and vigorous life in the theatre, extending from early nineteenth century to well into the twenty-first century. This chapter focuses on three plays: Charles Maturin’s Bertram (1816); W.B. Yeats’s Purgatory (1938), and Marina Carr’s By the Bog of Cats… (1998). In theatrical terms, each play provides a classic instance of three very different theatrical genres – 19th-century Romantic theatre, modernist theatre, and the Irish theatre of what we might call the “long 21st century”, respectively. In spite of these considerable differences in forms of staging, modes of representation, and originating theatrical cultures, however, all three plays have elements that we can identify as “gothic”. This recognition allows us to explore the transhistorical nature of the gothic. It is argued here that we can understand the gothic, in relation to theatre, not so much as a genre or as a response to particular historical circumstances, as a “mode”, a set of conventions and concerns that function in a variety of very different contexts and representational regimes. Considered more closely the gothic mode in the theatre emerges as a set of concerns that revolve around absence and bodily presence, and therefore perhaps also a transhistorical dimension.
Gothic Forms in Irish Cinema
Authors: Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: May 2024

Though many Irish films have aspects of the Gothic, their structures generally adhered in a programmatic fashion to the guidelines of Classic Hollywood Cinema, and in this way they are similar to generic motion picture structures that could come from international studios in any part of the world. A select few films have produced uniquely Irish Gothic narratives, that is to say motion pictures that echoed the post-Modern tendencies of German Expressionists with unapologetically fragmented cultural contexts. To underscore these contrasts, this essay offers a sampling of the more conventional approaches and then take a closer look at these truly innovative forms.
The construction of the Gothic films touched on underscores the oscillating perspectives of homegrown filmmakers presenting motion pictures contextualized in an environment of evolving characteristics of Irishness. In the twenty-first century, Irish cinema, like all of Irish society, struggles to discern a cultural identity. The Celtic Tiger did much to make Ireland more European, and even after the economic bubble burst those sentiments remain strong. It seems most likely that future Irish Gothic films will increasingly put their national character in brackets and move towards a more post-Modern sensibility.
The First County Development Plans
Authors: Hope Douglas G.
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the first county development plans prepared under the 1947 Act by the four county councils. It details the main issues identified by these development plans and the policies and proposals set out to guide future development and identifies the common themes running through the four development plans: maintaining a stable population, the provision of housing for incoming workers in the textile industry, the replacement of unfit housing and improving the road system. Although the 1947 Act stipulated that it was the duty of every planning authority to prepare a development plan within three years of 1 July 1948, the day the Act came into force, it would be December 1961 before the last of the four county development plans, prepared by Roxburgh County Council, was submitted to the Scottish Office and it would be February 1965 before this development plan was approved and the whole of the Scottish Borders was covered by approved development plans.
‘The Party of National Patriotism’: 1832–1880
Authors: Torrance David
Published: May 2024

This chapter traces the early history of Scottish Liberalism, from the Whigs and the Great Reform Act of 1832 to Gladstone’s historic Midlothian campaign of 1879-80, a decisive moment in the organisational development of the party. It also looks at the ideological forces at play within the party and conflict between conservative and radical Liberals over education and disestablishment. Important Liberal personalities such as Lord Rosebery are introduced for the first time.
Liberal Scotland: 1906–1922
Authors: Torrance David
Published: May 2024

This chapter identifies what one historian termed the ‘strange death’ of the Liberal Party, from its momentous landslide of 1906 to post-war splits and third-party status in 1922. It starts by looking at the policy agenda of the Scottish party, largely encompassing ‘unfinished business’ from the late 19th century: land reform, temperance, education and Home Rule for Scotland. Despite some success, the party failed to adapt to changing political circumstances, not least an enlarged franchise and competition on the left from the newly organised labour movement.
Introducing Shakespeare the Bodger
Authors: Altman Joel B.
Published: May 2024

This introduces the larger subject of the book—Shakespeare’s practice of literary imitation—through the words of Thomas Nashe in his preface to Robert Greene’s Menaphon, (1589), where he delivers a critique of contemporary English letters, dependent, he claims, on popular theatre, which is attempting to dignify itself by the use of Latinate diction and rhetorical amplification. Thus Nashe’s contemporaries, with the possible exception of Greene, are merely replicating what they hear on the stage, read in a book, or pick up from compendia that others have collected--without using their own invention. Social class is a major hindrance, claims the university-trained Nashe, adapting a term from the clothing trade, which enables would-be writers to “bodge up a blank verse with ifs and ands,” but accomplish little else. The remainder of the introduction explores, chapter by chapter, how this diminishing act of bodging (Elizabethan variant of patching, mending, botching) is actually the source of extraordinary richness in Shakespeare’s creativity.
A Different Kind of Dread: Dub, Ecstasy and Collective Memory in Lovers Rock
Authors: Phillips Kwame
Published: May 2024

This chapter argues that, as depicted in Lovers Rock’sparty scene, dub provides an ephemeral space for ecstatic liberation from racial trauma. It also discusses the author’s project Lovers Rock Dub: An Experiment in Visual Reverberation, which condenses the 70-minute runtime of Lovers Rock to 17 minutes of manipulated, remixed, resequenced footage, and uses dub music as an inspiration to explore the lingering traces of diasporic memory.
European Capitalism without European Democracy? Democratic Dilemmas and Markets in the European Union
Authors: McNamara Kathleen R.
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses tensions between market logics and democratic logics and how the dilemma between democratic norms and the workings of modern capitalist markets have become particularly salient in the European Union. It challenges the clear-cut nature of the market-democracy binary and as such highlights less explored aspects of this dilemma. By situating contemporary politics within a broader historical trajectory of the tensions between capitalism and democracy it is shown how they are interlaced in more complex ways than usually acknowledged. The chapter discusses the specifics of these tensions, and how they have played out in the context of national political systems, suggesting how a more democratic capitalism may be devised for the European political order.
Fatih Vural and Güliz Vural
Authors: Öztürk Ahmet Erdi , Baser Bahar
Published: May 2024

Interview with Fatih Vural and Guliz Vural
Hasip Kaplan
Authors: Öztürk Ahmet Erdi , Baser Bahar
Published: May 2024

Interview with Hasip Kaplan
Murat Özbank
Authors: Öztürk Ahmet Erdi , Baser Bahar
Published: May 2024

Interview with Murat Ozbank
Seamless Composites
Authors: Jones Nick
Published: May 2024

This chapter addresses the way that digital visual effects are produced and advertised, and how these process adhere to the aesthetic affordances of the graphic user interface (GUI). Crucial to today’s media ecology, VFX are produced using the GUI, but their manufacture is also marketed to viewers through VFX breakdowns: short videos which claim to show the extensive, expensive processes by which large scale effects shots in films, television, and videogames are created. VFX breakdowns present layered, malleable 3D spaces of creative digital generation that are indebted to GUI visuality, including a focus on layering, navigability, and customisation. As such, even though they are little commented upon in scholarship, this chapter demonstrates that VFX breakdowns are in fact one of the most visible manifestations of the way that GUI practices and aesthetics have informed wider imaginations about digital media in the twenty-first century. This is further shown through an analysis of the ways in which the breakdown’s representational strategies, borne from the GUI, have themselves become crucial parts of mainstream cinematic language.
Oath or the Given Word
Authors: Herrero Montserrat
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the theological-political character of the oath. The practice of the oath can be attested from time immemorial. Through the feared punishment of perjury, God was the guarantor of the fidelity and truthfulness of the word given, either as a promise or as a testimony. Christianity has transformed the meaning of the oath in a particular way; not only because it transfers it to the specifically sacramental sphere of the church, but also because it establishes the prohibition of swearing in the name of God. The truthful and faithful word, which replaced the oath, then became a fundamental pillar of Western civilisation, just as the oath was for centuries a metapolitical guarantor of the political bond. The chapter ends by analysing the transference of meaning from the roman military oath to the Christian idea of sacrament.
The Dick Vet Embodied within the University (1947–69)
Authors: Macdonald Alastair A. , Warwick Colin M.
Published: May 2024

Professor Mitchell was appointed Principal in 1946. There were 315 veterinary students in 1947 and 69 Agriculture students had attended classes the previous session. Four women completed five years of Dick Vet training in 1948. The ‘Loveday Committee’ called for veterinary colleges to become integral parts of neighbouring universities. There was post-war reconstruction at Summerhall. Dick Vet administrative and educational cultures changed in the process of embodiment within the University’s Medical Faculty for ten years. The University’s BVM&S degree curriculum was modified in 1958. A Field Station was established on the Bush Estate in 1959-63. In 1964 the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine was established with Alexander Robertson as Dean. In 1969 Faculty agreed women student intake ‘should not exceed ten’, but 14 were admitted.
From Summerhall to the Easter Bush Campus (2003–11)
Authors: Macdonald Alastair A. , Warwick Colin M.
Published: May 2024

In 2003 Elaine Watson became the first woman as Head of the Dick Vet. Student intake had increased to about 110. It was agreed to move the Dick Vet to Easter Bush. In 2006 a four-year Graduate Entry Programme was formalised; 63 women and 9 men were admitted. The student intake peaked at 189 in 2011. The Roslin Institute was incorporated into the Dick Vet in 2008. That year students travelled to Beijing as well as to other overseas countries as part of Extra-Mural Studies (EMS). The following year Dick Vet students established reciprocating links with two Japanese Veterinary Schools. The new Roslin Institute and Dick Vet teaching buildings were completed and occupied in 2011. Two series of television programmes documented staff and student work in the Dick Vet.
The Easter Bush Dick Vet (2011–22)
Authors: Macdonald Alastair A. , Warwick Colin M.
Published: May 2024

The teaching infrastructure of the Dick Vet was again in one place. In 2011 David Argyle became Head of School. More than 1200 staff and students were based at Easter Bush. The BVM&S students comprised 602 women and 152 men. Free Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) were offered to the general public. Student experience was enhanced in a variety of ways. Veterinary outreach extended as far as China. One Health - One Medicine was promoted. Peer-assisted learning was formalised. The BVM&S Curriculum Review was approved in 2015. The appearance in 2020 of SARS-CoV-2 prompted restructuring of teaching and learning practices to largely on-line home-working. In 2019 the Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems was established. Over 800 students were studying for postgraduate taught qualifications in 2021-2.
Documenting Scenes and Performers 2: Grunge and Riot Grrrl
Authors: Sexton Jamie
Published: May 2024

Following from chapter 5, punk’s influence on indie music in the 1990s and 2000s is examined through two primary examples: grunge and riot grrrl. Grunge represented the most commercial breakthrough for a mode of indie music yet, which raised issues for some indie fans who wanted to retain a distance from the mainstream. The documentary Hype (1996) and fictional film Slaves to the Underground (1997) are analysed; both films, in different ways, explored the grunge scene and the tensions between commercialism and independence. Riot grrrl retained a more fiercely independent stance than grunge, but more importantly also foregrounded issues of sexual abuse and representation within the indie scene. The chapter interrogates gender politics and the influence of riot grrrl in Slaves to the Underground, Down and Out with the Dolls (2001), and The Itty Bitt Titty Committee (2007).
The Strategic Logic of the Spinozist Conatus : The Stages of World Construction
Authors: Bove Laurent , Filion-Donato Émilie
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on the constitutive power of the conatus as it participates in the construction the world. The concept of Habit allows us to appreciate the world constituting power of the conatus. Habit must not be understood as mere repetition. Rather, it names a power each conatus has to connect affects together. Habit thereby builds the continuity of the world for the individual. It is the constituent affirmation of actual existence. The conatus, moreover, engenders world construction strategically to affirm its own existence. Bove highlights an enabling joy principle, which prompts beings to seek pleasure and joy and avoid pain and sadness. The chapter concludes by demonstrating how, together, the constitutive role of habit and the joy principle expose a distinctively Spinozist conception of memory. Temporality becomes a strategic field for the deployment of the conatus, owed to the representations and affective associations proper to memory.
The Federal Theatre Project, 1935-1939
Authors: Karoula Rania
Published: May 2024

This book investigates the explosive phenomenon of the Federal Theatre Project (FTP) in comparison with the European legacies of modernist political theatre. It provides a comparative study of the history, politics and performances of the New York Living Newspaper, Negro, Dance and Children’s units. By reading the project in tandem with its European counterparts and exploring a range of performances, this book suggests that the FTP is responsible for an array of theatrical and dramatic experimentations but that it is also indebted to and carries on from the tradition of the European avant-garde and contemporary modernist theatrical explorations. The book discusses issues of race, gender and politics as explored in the chosen performances and documents the reasons behind the project’s disbandment by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). It also critically identifies and assesses the changes in style, structure and presentation of the Living Newspaper productions throughout the project’s duration. Lastly, it pays special attention to its director, Hallie Flanagan, who brought the European modernist theatrical experimentations to the attention of American cultural life more prominently. She was the main driving force behind the FTP’s ambition to create a federation of theatres that would produce new, experimental performances aiming at attracting new audiences and engaging with contemporary social, political and economic issues.
Portraiture: Commerce and Celebrity
Authors: Funnell Peter
Published: May 2024

Portraiture dominated the visual arts in the British Romantic period. It took a wide range of forms from oil and watercolour portraits, the miniature and the portrait bust, the caricature and the reproductive engraving. Through the latter, and a growing exhibition and dealing culture, portraits became more widely diffused than in earlier periods although still mainly among a metropolitan elite. The principal medium remained the commissioned oil portrait and the first part of this chapter examines its highly competitive practice through the work and careers of its leading practitioners, William Beechey, John Hoppner and, especially, Thomas Lawrence. Portraiture developed in close association with the celebrity culture of the Romantic period and an exploration of this phenomenon also entails examination of the genre in other media such as portrait sculpture and the portrait miniature. The dramatic and visual arts were closely aligned during the Romantic period, each contributing to the fame of actors and actresses and subject to similar issues of professional status. Three case studies investigate portraits of Charles James Fox, Lord Byron and Sarah Siddons.
Sound and Vision in Blake’s London
Authors: Grande James
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on the relationship between sound and image through the work of William Blake, considering Blake as both a writer of songs and a mediator of the popular music culture of Romantic period London. Many of the Songs of Innocence and Experience (1789, 1794) draw on elements from the urban soundscape, including the psalm singing of ‘Holy Thursday’, the street cries of ‘The Chimney Sweep’, and the host of voices in ‘London’. These poems are both about and part of this soundscape, the simple diction, rhythms and rhymes situating the collection among the street ballads, national airs, lullabies, drinking songs and devotional hymns that formed the main elements of non-elite music culture. The chapter moves from accounts of Blake performing his own songs to the status of melody and harmony in his later prophetic books. The description of prelapsarian melody in these texts points towards a transformed way of hearing, and the final section shows how works from ‘London’ to the late Illustrations of the Book of Job (1825) seek to convey an auditory mode of visionary experience.
Romantic Art and the Novel
Authors: Heydt-Stevenson Jillian
Published: May 2024

This essay argues that visual-verbal intertextuality—a novelist’s allusions to paintings or sculpture—enhances the reading-viewing experience by inviting new and manifold interpretations of both media and unsettles the competitive tradition between word and image. Termed ‘dynamic events’ in this chapter, these word-image intimacies explore varying kinds of intermediality: how novelists incorporate subject matter and style derived from picturesque and sublime principles and from artistic techniques like perspective and harmony; how, in Waverley, allusions to specific artists impact characterization, and how, in Hartly House, Calcutta, unnamed paintings lurk in the text, divulging unforeseen radical ideas. Next, a turn to book illustrations, specifically one from The Mysteries of Udolpho, reveals an imaginative interfacing between the two mediums while further breaking down binary oppositions between word and image. I close by analyzing the intertwining that intensifies readers’ reactions to both text and author when a writer-celebrity is painted in the role her heroine plays. Two portraits of Staël as Corinne, from Corinne, or Italy, converse together and with the novel about representations of female genius.
Framed, Imprisoned, Overheard
Authors: Loksing Moy Olivia
Published: May 2024

Victorian poets repurposed popular Gothic conventions in formally innovative ways, through a subtle migration of tropes that elude attention and even obscure this line of inheritance. This introductory chapter explains the evolution of “Gothic tropes” used in 1790s Gothic novels into the “Gothic forms” constitutive of Victorian poetry. It identifies three major tropes definitive of the Gothic romance tradition, inaugurated by Ann Radcliffe and furthered by Matthew Lewis: overhearing and accusation, the thrall of confinement, and instances of shock and swap. Each of the following chapters in the book pairs an essential Gothic trope with the development of a poetic form — dramatic monologues, sonnet sequences and metasonnets, and picture poems — moving chronologically through the work of major British poets from the 1830s to the 1890s.
Turkey as a Global Aid Actor
Authors: Özerdem Alpaslan
Published: May 2024

The way Turkish aid agencies demonstrate their ability to understand and work directly with war-torn societies may suggest strategies for enabling such local populations to build their own peace. However, there are risks with the politicisation of humanitarian aid and Turkey needs to pay particular attention to this. Also, with the expansion of its aid presence globally, there will be a great need for Turkey to develop its human resources by placing emphasis on the education and training of its humanitarian workers. Overall, Turkey has something unique to offer in its aid approach that can benefit many communities affected by armed conflict and disasters across the world, but to realise such a goal the successes of the past will not suffice on their own.
Journalistic Issues through a Century under Crackdown: From Idealistic Dreams to One-Man Control
Authors: Sözeri Ceren
Published: May 2024

Since its beginning in the Ottoman era, the media has positioned itself as a political institution similar to the Mediterranean or polarised pluralist model. The press, which was taken under control during the single-party regime, became more pluralist once again with the transition to the multi-party era. The coups of 1960, 1971 and 1980 were each followed by a period of military rule, which had significant repercussions for media freedom. However, after these breaks, each government continued to build its own proponent media and to feed them with political and economic opportunities. Today, power is consolidated in one pair of hands, and the crackdown on the media has increased via political, legal and economic instruments, while the proponents which have clientelist relationships have turned into propaganda tools. In addition to the authoritarian tendencies of the government, the main reasons for the existing toxic media climate are the de-unionisation of journalists, lack of resistance to the loss of independence of regulatory bodies, and the sacrificing of journalistic ethics for political polarisation.
The Legacy of Sultan Qaboos: A Historiographical Note
Authors: Rabi Uzi
Published: May 2024

This chapter provides a synthesis and overview of the literature about Oman under the rule of Sultan Qaboos bin Said (1970–2020). It aims to bring the leadership of Sultan Qaboos and his successful modernization of Oman into the proper context, while engaging with substantial scholarly works on the Sultanate during this period.
Prehistoric Interactions between Oman and the Indus Civilization: Projecting the Past in the Present
Authors: Kenoyer Jonathan Mark
Published: May 2024

The Omani Renaissance was a “rebirth” of Oman’s past. As such, heritage and preservation of the past were a part of Oman’s development goals. Ancient communities living in the geographical regions encompassed by the Sultanate of Oman have long played a key role in the development of cultural traditions and trade networks that link Eastern Arabia to the regions further to the east and west.
Rhythm and the Rotoshop: Waking Life , A Scanner Darkly , and Rhythmanalysis
Authors: Holliday Christopher
Published: May 2024

This chapter observes the implications of rhythmanalysis for examining Richard Linklater’s two features Waking Life (2001) and A Scanner Darkly (2006). Both films exploit Rotoshop’s modulating and ‘sliding’ effect (whereby live-action footage is overlaid with digital paint) to intensify their dreamlike narratives of fragmented identities. Yet Linklater’s use of Rotoshop equally serves to sharpen the complex interactions that constitute the rhythms of everyday life, accentuating in his unique visuals the cyclical and linear ritual forces that underwrite human activity. By identifying the rhythm of Waking Life and A Scanner Darkly – alongside the digital’s broader and vexed relationship to agency and liveliness, this chapter uses rhythmanalysis to examine the ‘rhythmed’ identity of Linklater’s work and the styles, performances and labor of its images.
This is What Queer Resistance Looks Like: AIDS Gothic Art
Authors: Haefele-Thomas Ardel
Published: May 2024

This chapter considers the ways that, from 1981 onwards, AIDS has been read not only as a queer disease, but a Gothic disease. The chapter begins with a look at Jonathan Demme’s mainstream Hollywood AIDS film, Philadelphia (1993), which is not Gothic but utilises Gothic modes to make the protagonist with AIDS a Gothic monstrosity. Gothic is weaponised in Philadelphia in order to further a homophobic late-twentieth century Hollywood agenda that considers people with AIDS as less than human. From this example, the chapter moves to five artists with AIDS whose work resists normative narratives. They utilise their queer and sick embodiment to embrace their own perceived queer monstrosity. The artists and works explored in this chapter are Fire In My Belly (1986, 2010) by the late David Wojnarowicz (with Goth music and lyrics by Diamanda Galás); Ron Athey’s underground performance art that includes his own blood-letting and performance of himself as the martyred Saint Sebastian; the late Valerie Caris Blitz’s Vestement (1993) which is a hospital gown constructed with printouts of years of her bloodwork; Maxime Angel Starling’s queer erotic Gothic, Bestiality and Vampire Slut (2009); and, Luna Luis Ortiz’s Gothic drag Awards Ball klub kid face (2006).
The Armenian Genocide
Authors: Mouradian Claire
Published: May 2024

The media coverage of the Armenian genocide, coined at the time as the ‘murder of a nation’, ‘a crime against humanity’, or ‘Armenian atrocities’ was extensive and almost universal from day one and beyond, despite Turkish and German censorship and denialism. Full knowledge of the events did not lead to initiatives to stop them, which raises questions about the impact of the press on public opinion and states’ policies. The empathy towards the victims was not exempt from orientalist prejudices and a certain ‘fatigue’ of war and of recurring atrocities in the post-war return to Realpolitik.
Revolutions
Authors: Zhdanova Irina
Published: May 2024

The chapter examines the development of the Russian press between the February and October revolutions of 1917. During this period the press enjoyed freedom and reflected the democratisation and polarisation of society. However, lack of education among the population limited the readership while logistical problems restricted the geographical spread. Bolshevik newspapers published letters by readers to show ties with mass readership. The chapter also pictures the landscape of the Russian anti-war movement of 1917 that was prevalent in the periodical press reflecting the anti-war aspirations of the masses.
The Influenza Pandemic
Authors: Fisher Jane
Published: May 2024

American print media struggled to find a public narrative of the 1918 influenza pandemic, dubbing it the “Spanish flu,” but otherwise fell silent concerning its aftereffects and continuing significance. In the interwar years, however, advertising became a symbolic space for exploring counter-narratives of the flu that reflected shifting gender roles, its relation to the war, and religious responses to mass death. These ads encouraged remembrance of the 1918 flu while offering resistance to its dominance. As the Second World War approached, media attention to the 1918 flu increased, balancing fears of a resurgent epidemic with hopes that medical advances might provide a counterweight to its apocalyptic powers.
Women’s Suffrage and Labour Journals
Authors: DiCenzo Maria
Published: May 2024

For all its devastation, the First World War played a significant role in the struggle for women’s emancipation at all levels – social/moral, economic, and political. Rather than bringing the women’s movement to a halt, the war served to accelerate change by creating new opportunities. But it also intensified conflicts within the various reform campaigns under way before the war, notably in the spheres of suffrage and labour activism. The suffrage press and other organizationally-based women’s periodicals offer a compelling point of entry into feminist debates and strategies for pursuing women’s rights during the war at the national and international levels. These publications also mediated the war from women’s perspectives across the political spectrum. This chapter demonstrates why women’s periodicals constitute a significant historical resource for understanding the social and political impact of the war.
German Colonial Africa
Authors: Steinbach Daniel
Published: May 2024

This chapter turns to the varied press landscape in wartime German Colonial Africa, including Togo, Kamerun, German Southwest Africa and German East Africa. These colonies were largely cut off from postal connections after the beginning of hostilities. As a result, German-language newspapers played an important role as the main medium of information and communication among the European settler communities. In particular, the chapter explores the colonial tensions and cultural mobilisation as articulated through these newspapers, and surveys the press at the end of German Colonial Africa. It also briefly considers African-language newspapers.
The Ottoman Empire
Authors: Aksakal Mustafa , Çiçek M. Talha , Genell Aimee , Kamouzis Dimitris , Klein Janet , Manuk-Khaloyan Armen , Mays Devi
Published: May 2024

The chapter examines the Ottoman Empire’s multilingual press in Armenian, Arabic, Greek, Kurdish, Ladino, and Ottoman Turkish languages and scripts. It reveals how following the 1908 Constitutional Revolution and the lifting of censorship laws, hundreds of periodicals and newspapers sprang up across the empire. They formed a vibrant, if often highly contested, arena of political, social, and cultural life. The Ottoman government used the war as an opportunity for clamping down on opposition papers, a process it had begun already in 1913. Following Ottoman defeat and the armistice, publications reemerged and took up debates old and new, addressing questions of political rights and the empire’s place in the world and its future.
Sartoriality and expressivity pre-and post-sound: The vernacular voice, the Western-attired woman and the city
Authors: Barnett Lois J. E.
Published: May 2024

This chapter questions the role of the onset of the sound film in articulating outspoken, expressive female identities, and the relationship between these identities and a Western-style sartorial appearance. It begins by comparing the relationship between expressive female characters and a Western-style fashion aesthetic as it appears in the silent film Undying Pearl (Fue no Shiratama, 1929, dir. Shimizu Hiroshi) and in Japan’s first all-sound film, The Neighbour’s Wife and Mine (Madamu to Nyōbo, 1931, dir. Gosho Heinosuke), which revolves around the dichotomy between a conventional Japanese housewife and a Westernized Modern Girl jazz singer.
The chapter then shifts its focus specifically towards the relationship between a Western-style fashionable appearance for women and the use of vernacular dialect by Modern Girl characters in two films directed by Mizoguchi Kenji which both revolve around characters with recognisable Modern Girl characteristics in city spaces - Osaka Elegy (Naniwa Erejii) and Sisters of the Gion (Gion no Kyōdai, both 1936). This allows for analysis of the interaction between the sound film, vernacular dialect, class and Western-attired female character archetypes.
Running Aimlessly: Camino Cortado and Autarkic Spain
Authors: Berns Fernando Gabriel Pagnoni
Published: May 2024

Autarkic Spain provides the background for Fernando Gabriel Pagnoni Berns’ study of Ignacio Iquino’s Camino Cortado (Closed Road, 1955). Complex female characterisation, elements of melodrama, and a presentation of geographical asphyxiation result in a potent example of Francoist crime cinema that interrogates impossible hopes of escape.
Masculine Virtù and Feminine Virtue in Much Ado About Nothing
Authors: Sutherland Kristina
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses the gender aspects of virtues in Much Ado About Nothing, in which the perfection of the Italianate concept of virtù through Claudio, a man of strength and action, and the feminine virtues of chastity, modesty, and obedience via Hero are not enough to guarantee happiness. These qualities become weapons when Don John presents his fictional tableau of an unfaithful Hero, pushing Claudio to save his reputation by sacrificing his bride. To correct this patriarchal imbalance, Shakespeare presents a companionate marriage as he draws together Beatrice and Benedick. A relationship founded on mutual admiration and equality in wit, the play’s second match creates a virtue virtuosa, a new standard of conduct that valorises feminine virtues and excises the violence caused by masculine aggression and male privilege.
Cymbeline and the ‘Swan’s Nest’ of Britain: Insularity, Chastity and Imogen’s Transnational Virtues
Authors: Gadaleto Michael
Published: May 2024

This chapter considers how Shakespeare links the virtues of Cymbeline’s great heroine, Imogen, with the larger virtues of the British nation; and how both individual and national virtue change over the course of the play, evolving from a traditional and sexist emphasis on purity, chastity and enclosed protectiveness (the island-nation model) into a more vulnerable but bold emphasis on hybridity and engagement with the other (the transnational model). Much as Imogen’s female virtue comes to signify a more dynamic ethic of courage, active fidelity and openness to the larger world, so too does Shakespeare’s play ultimately reject the comfortable insularity of the island-nation model, instead conjuring a thornier but more compelling world in which a distinct ‘British’ identity exists, not in spite of but precisely because of its transnational character and ties – an idea emblematized in Imogen’s famous image of the British nation as “a swan’s nest.”
DeLillo and the Cinematic Long Take
Authors: Hering David
Published: May 2024

Don DeLillo’s engagement with cinema is established in his first novel Americana (1971), which features a baggy avant-garde documentary that unfolds in part as a series of long takes – a number of which feature interview subjects – recalling the experimental filmmaking of Andy Warhol and Jean-Luc Godard (the latter of whom DeLillo has repeatedly cited as an influence on his writing). This use of the camera in DeLillo’s earlier works is, I argue, in dialogue with Susan Sontag’s concept of photography as ‘soft murder’, a preoccupation that reaches its apex with the Kennedy assassination in Libra (1988), for which DeLillo researched the Zapruder footage of the President’s death. DeLillo’s later fiction, most notably Point Omega (2010), rethinks this camera-as-gun motif in favour of a more complex approach to the long take, one indebted to the work of filmmakers such as Bela Tarr, Michelangelo Antonioni, Chantal Akerman and Douglas Gordon. This chapter argues that this later approach is more concerned with the absence of action and the concept of the slow or long take as a political act intended, in the words of Tiago de Luca and Nuno Barradas Jorge, to ‘rescue extended temporal structures from the accelerated tempo of late capitalism’.
The Soviet and Post-Soviet Anthrobscenes: Speculations from Cheburaska to Khulkulya
Authors: Bateman-Coe Majorca
Published: May 2024

This paper seeks to investigate the representation of and presence of non-human animals through the framework of new media theorist Jussi Parikka's conceptualization of the "Anthrobscene."Additionally, an examination of Marxist-Leninist thought concerning both environmentalist policies and practices of early childhood education is essential to formulating a well-rounded understanding of the innate political nature of these anthropomorphic representations and, in turn, how the treatment of animals, both domestic and wild, are considered reflexively by the Soviet state and the current Russian Federation through both a Soviet example (Cheburashka the abstracted and unspecified mouse-cat-primate creature) and a more modern environmentalist mascot (Khokhulya the Russian desman), both of which are duly reflective of their political contexts and social imaginings. Through an analysis of historical contextualizations and the modern mascot representation of the animal as a means of either social or philosophical change as well as practical environmentalist aims under the new capitalistic system post-1990s, Cheburashka and Khokhulya respectively serve to articulate and exemplify a comparison between the ideological functions of both economic systems within the broader field of animal and early childhood media studies.
Masculinizing & Emasculating in Domestic Space: Comparative Studies of Homebound (1967) and Anatomy of a Fall (2023)
Authors: He Abigail
Published: May 2024

By comparing the gender division of labor in domestic space in both Homebound (1967) and Anatomy of a Fall (2023), I address the issue of masculinizing and emasculating on the counter gender with a spatial perspective. First, physical mobility decides the prior access to the public sphere as well as the position of the householder psychologically. Also, the typical and conventional vertical structure of "home" in both films visualizes the gender hierarchy and its collapse within the domestic space. The vertical structure embodies the historically inherited phallus worship symbolically. In this sense, it encounters the requirement of a new space structure that claims gender equality. Approaching the ideal model with practice case of functionalism in architecture, I recount the controversy of the radical equality at the geographic level practiced in communist society by architecture and other supporting mechanisms, which drives the interrogation of the essential association between capitalist structure and male subjectivity since the former, including the basic concepts of private property and liberal market-based competition, is designed and extended by the latter in a biologic sense.
Metafor Araştırma Yönteminin Kütüphane Hizmetleri Bağlamında Değerlendirmesi: Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversite Kütüphanesi Örneği
Authors: Akyüz Hülya , Arslantekin Sacit
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı üniversite kütüphanesi hizmetinin nasıl algılandığını metafor yardımı ile ölçmektir. Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi’nde (TOGÜ) görev yapan araştırma görevlilerinin üniversite kütüphanesi hizmetleri hakkında ürettikleri metaforlar incelenerek, hizmetlerin genel anlamda değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Amaç doğrultusunda eş zamanlı iki farklı veri toplama aracı kullanılarak elde edilen veriler karşılaştırılmıştır. Veri toplama araçlarından biri 5’li likert sorulardan diğeri de likert sorulara karşılık gelecek metafor sorulardan oluşmaktadır. Çalışma TOGÜ araştırma görevlileri üzerinde uygulanarak TOGÜ Kütüphanesi hizmetleri değerlendirilerek araştırma görevlilerinin kütüphane hizmetleri hakkındaki ürettikleri metaforlar incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin incelenmesinde lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizlere göre araştırma görevlileri kütüphane hizmetlerine ilişkin çoğunlukla olumlu metafor kullanmıştır. En fazla olumlu metaforu kütüphanenin ödünç verme hizmetleri için en fazla olumsuz metaforu ise kütüphanenin sahip olduğu koleksiyon için kullanmışlar. Çalışmada ulaşılan sonuçlara göre, araştırma görevlilerinin metaforlarda yapılan açıklamalar ile likert sorulara verdikleri cevaplar karşılaştırıldığında metafor sorularına daha içten ve objektif cevaplar verdiği görülmüştür. Metafor yöntemi ile kütüphaneler için daha nitelikli sonuçlar elde edilebilir düşüncesini kuvvetlendirmiştir. Ayrıca personel, koleksiyon, bina, danışma hizmetleri ve ödünç verme hizmetlerinin araştırma görevlilerinin kütüphane hakkında düşüncelerini etkileyen unsurlar olduğu ve bir kısım araştırma görevlisi tarafından kütüphanenin hala mekân olarak algılandığı ulaşılan bir diğer sonuçtur. Çalışma özgün değer olarak ülkemiz ve yurt dışı alan yazında metafor ve kütüphane ilişkisine yönelik nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemlerinin bir arada kullanıldığı ilk çalışma olması açısından kütüphanecilik literatürüne katkı sağlayacaktır.