bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brake Noise Detection Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors:   Applus IDIADA, SPAIN, Squadrani Fabio , Mendes Pedroso Danilo , Mendoza Kenneth , Garcia Bonito Juan J , Barles Juan Pablo , Rubio Antonio
Published: June 2022

Research and/or Engineering Questions/Objective: The availability of big sets of data coming from brake durability tests paves the way for making predictions and decisions related to the noise coming from brakes. In this paper, the workflow for detecting brake squeal and all its main characteristics is presented. Methodology: Initially, a uniform set of data is generated, having a repetitive structure and format. This set of data will be used to train the machine learning algorithm. From the raw data coming from the vehicle data acquisition system, a spectrogram is mathematically generated, to graphically associate sound pressure level and noise frequency within the time domain. These spectrograms will be used to train the machine learning algorithm, which will be recognizing brake noise using the spectrogram images. The final objective is to detect squeal and to identify the frequency, sound pressure level, and subjective rating as well. Results: Once the algorithm is trained with thousands of brake noise events coming from real-life brake durability, brake noise is detected with a very high level of confidence. Currently, brake squeal is the noise being identified during this first phase of the project and is identified with a proper level of confidence, including frequency and SPL.

In the second phase of the project, the algorithm is also being evolved to associate a rating to the squeal noise event detected. The algorithm is capable to predict the subjective rating provided by a professional driver during standard driving or during specific noise research maneuvers. Limitations of this study: The real-time detection is currently under investigation and could affect the resolution of the spectrogram to be used to train the algorithm and to detect the brake noise. However, the current level of the study does not currently show any predictable problem that could arise when the machine learning algorithm is embedded within a real-time system. Other brake noises should also be identified, even if less amount of data is available when compared with brake squeal. Conclusion: The study shows an alternative method for automatic noise detection and shows the possibility of automatically rating the brake noise. Real-time detection is also investigated and the results of its initial integration within embedded systems is shown.
Test Bench Brake Calliper with Maximum Power Range
Authors:   RENK Test System, GERMANY, Diller Armin , Gaßner Jürgen
Published: June 2022

RENK Test System is one of the world´s leading providers of customized test systems used in development, production and quality assurance. Based on its many years of experience, RTS develops innovative test rigs for nearly every area of application in drive technology. A very interesting area are brake dynamometers for the development of rail friction brake systems. When designing a brake test stand, it is advantageous if it is suitable for testing various brake systems from a wide variety of vehicle classes. For this reason, RENK has developed a special brake calliper for testing disc brake pads, which is superior to standard brake callipers in many areas:- The interface of this test bench brake calliper allows the assembly of all relevant brake pads for railway disc brakes.- The performance range of the test bench brake calliper covers the maximum requirements of all possible brake pads (highest vehicle mass - highest vehicle speed) and allows targeted overloads for special tests. Depending on the test requirements, this test bench brake calliper works with pneumatic brake force support. The direct force measurement necessary for the certification of the brake system test rig according to UIC 548, which has to be retrofitted at great expense for standard brake callipers for the test rig application, is already available and can even be supplemented by further sensors.

- Despite this versatility, the test bench brake calliper that has been developed is more wear-resistant than standard brake callipers. A first brake calliper was successfully tested at RENK over a period of approx. 2 months this year and is to be handed over to a customer in 2021. A second brake calliper will be subjected to further tests in the spring of 2021 in Augsburg. The proposed lecture is intended to provide an overview of the development activities that have been carried out and are still planned: Why did RENK decide to develop a special brake calliper for test bench operation? What are the weak points when using a standard brake calliper? What development goals have been set for this test bench brake calliper? Which performance range should this development cover? What experiences have been gained so far from the practical use of the test bench brake calliper? Which optimization measures have already been carried out? How does it behave in contrast to standard brake callipers? What remaining work still needs to be done in the development of this special brake calliper?
Development of a Small-scale Test Bench for Investigating the Tribology and Emission Behaviour of Novel Brake Friction Couples
Authors:   University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM, Limmer Fabian , Barton David , Gilkeson Carl , Brooks Peter , Kosarieh Shahriar
Published: June 2022

The brake industry is currently on the search for lighter, corrosion-resistant and more eco-friendly brake systems. Apart from health and environmental issues, the main drivers for this development are the changing load profiles arising from the megatrends of electrification and autonomous driving. As the brake disc and brake pad together represent a tribological system, both components must be adjusted in order to achieve optimal functionality. Testing of brake friction couples, however, is usually a very costly, energy and time-consuming process, that only allows for a very limited range of material concepts to be considered. This is where testing friction materials on a small-scale level has great advantages because much time and money can potentially be saved in sample generation, testing and post-test analysis compared with full-scale testing. A novel small-scale test bench has been developed at the University of Leeds which aims to screen friction materials under realistic braking conditions. The foundation of the setup is the Bruker UMT TriboLab tribometer operating in a modified pin-on-disc type configuration. Popular full-scale cycles such as the WLTP based real-world driving cycle have been implemented to replicate current everyday driving scenarios as well as custom cycles that aim to simulate possible future load profiles. A full enclosure around the friction couple has been designed using CFD to allow for controlled airflow and subsequent wear debris capture and analysis. The wear particles generated during braking operation are sampled under isokinetic conditions using the well-known Dekati ELPI+ instrument. The paper will report on the scaling approach used to design the test bench and the conversion of the WLTP based real-world driving cycle to a non-inertial system. Details of the CFD analysis as well as preliminary test results will also be presented.
Adhesion-related Wear Dust Transport
Authors:   TU Braunschweig, GERMANY, Ostermeyer Georg-Peter , Fang Chengyuan , Rickhoff Felix
Published: June 2022

The frictional behavior of a tribological contact is the result of complex interactions between two bodies. In the case of tribological high-load contacts, such as those found in brakes, wear and the associated wear particles play a particularly important role. In the last two decades, a number of papers have been written on this subject, which explain the highly complex dynamics of the friction coefficient, among other things, with the self-organization structures of the wear material in the tribocontact. Here, particle concentrations, so-called patches, form, which act like additional contact areas in the boundary layer. Since they change dynamically, the friction performance shows similar dynamic structures. But the ejection of wear particles is also the current focus of research. The emissions also exhibit dynamic signatures. This work wants to present the further developed measurement technique as well as first approaches to describe the wear particle transport in the boundary layer by experiment and simulation
Benchmarking the Adaptive Wheel Slide Protection
Authors:   Wabtec, ITALY, Imbert Luc , Frea Matteo
Published: June 2022

With the ever-increasing railway traffic on existing lines railway operators are requesting means to increase line capacity, operational resiliency and lower Life Cycle Costs. WSP systems integrated in railway vehicles can address the three aspects. Indeed, a shorter braking distance in low wheel/rail adhesion conditions can increase the line capacity by allowing the vehicles to safely travel closer to each other. Furthermore, WSP systems with better performing algorithms in very and extremely low wheel/rail adhesion conditions would lead to less wheel locks and lower wheel slide velocities diminishing the number of wheel flats and overall wheel damage, thereby reducing the LCC. The increased performance in these conditions would also lead to an increased resiliency to environmental conditions. As a follow-up to the work presented in the paper entitled “ADAPTIVE WHEEL SLIDE PROTECTION ALGORITHMS” - EB2019-IBC-010, a two-point investigation is led to evaluate how the A-WSP addresses the railway operators needs. The first investigation will quantify the differences in terms of braking distance and air consumption between a WSP device incorporating a traditional WSP algorithm and a WSP device incorporating an adaptive WSP algorithm. The second investigation will quantify differences in terms of wheel flats and wheel damage between a WSP device incorporating a traditional WSP algorithm and a WSP device using an adaptive WSP algorithm,

The quantification of both investigations will be done at least according to EN15595:2018 criteria and could be extended if these do not provide a holistic view of the differences. The quantification will be based on the analysis of test results from a hardware in the loop test bench and on test results from the Multi-axle Roller Rig present in Wabtec’s laboratory.

In order to produce a realistic output, the hardware in the loop test bench and the Multi-axle Roller Rig will be configured according to the characteristics of an existing vehicle and subjected to a real mission profile including the most critical situation identified by railway operators.
Numerical Modelling of Composite Brake Pad Operational Deflection Shapes
Authors:   University of Bradford, UNITED KINGDOM, Ravanbod Mohammad
Published: June 2022

This project outlines the effect of changing Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratios and shear modulus on the pad natural frequencies. It aims to improve the understanding of the influence of friction material properties on the pad natural frequencies, to observe how the natural frequencies can change, with the changes in the properties of the composite brake pad friction material. In addition, two different brake pad models (Pad-A and Pad-B) were designed, using CATIA V5 software to study whether different pad aspect ratios can affect the influence of friction material properties on the natural frequencies. This study utilizes the free-free analysis on the brake pads, to investigate the natural frequencies, and the mode shapes of the first four modes, using ABAQUS software. Also, an experimental test (Tap testing) on Pad-A was carried out to verify the accuracy of the numerical analysis. The research has demonstrated that the maximum variation between the numerical and the experimental results is 5.1%, which is acceptable. Thus, the numerical analysis provided reasonable results.Furthermore, the factorial analysis was applied on the obtained natural frequencies for each pad, to find out the material properties that have the main effect on the natural frequencies, and the relationship between each property and the natural frequency, using MINITAB software. The results indicated that increasing Young’s modulus in the horizontal plane can increase the values of natural frequencies, while a decrease in Young’s modulus in the vertical plane, Poisson’s ratios, and shear modulus in all planes can increase the values of the natural frequencies. Therefore, the research deduced that Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratios in the horizontal plane must be taken into account, when choosing a suitable orthotropic friction material for brake pads. This relationship between the friction material properties and the natural frequency is independent of pad aspect ratios, and can be concluded for all types of pads. The natural frequency plays a significant role in triggering brake squeal. Brake squeal can occur if the pad natural frequency is coupled with the disc frequency. Therefore, determining how altering friction material properties affects the pad natural frequency, can help to propose an appropriate friction material for the pad, in order to have the pad natural frequency, which is not close to the disc frequency in the frequency range, where the brake noise occurs.
Introduction to Shift2Rail
Authors:   Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking, ITALY, Borghini Carlo
Published: June 2022

Mr. Carlo Borghini, Executive Director of the European Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking, introduces the Shift2Rail R&I Programme, with particular focus on the evolution of automation in the European railway systems in order to maximize the performance of the current infrastructure in terms of capacity, lifecycle cost reductions and punctuality. In this respect, railway automation and digitalization rely on the performance and contributions of critical subsystems, where the braking systems has a major role. The R&I work started with a bottom up technological approach in S2R has evolved during the years with the introduction of a system integrated approach, to ensure that all critical elements deliver together a functional performance that will contribute to deliver sustainable mobility, with rail playing a major role.
Universal Brake Disc Analysis with New High-speed Thermographic Systems for Automated Test Bench Solutions
Authors:   InfraTec, GERMANY, Sturm Steffen
Published: June 2022

The increasing demands for quality and lifetime of wearing parts and new materials and designs in braking systems require profound investigations on the relevant assemblies and components. For the investigation of the thermal behaviour during load tests of brake discs InfraTec has developed with permanent new input and further requests since 15 years a thermography based test bench solution Thermal Rotate Check (TRC). Based on the latest technology of cooled highspeed photon detectors the brake disc to be measured is scanned at frame rates up to some kilohertz and speeds up to 400 km/h and can be analysed today in a detail which was never before reached. The data acquisition starts automatically and triggered by the system in interaction with the interface for process signals. For display, archiving and further examination the data are transformed in circular ring or flat projection format and interacts with the master dynamometer stand (test bench). The real time measurement with TRC allows a contactless and fully synchronized raw data acquisition of thermal state and energy distribution of brake discs during different test scenarios. All thermal active areas, abnormal behaviour and hot spots for both sides of brake disc are automatically displayed and recorded. So the complete thermal braking process and interaction between brake disc and brake pad can be analyzed and documented in a way and detail which could not made with any other measurement system in the past. The presentation gives an overview of latest hardware and software developments with advantages and samples for this automatic thermographic test solution and interaction with different dynamometers stands.
Particle Simulation and Metrological Validation of Brake Emission Dynamics on a Pin-on-Disc Tribotester
Authors:   TU Braunschweig, GERMANY, Brandt sv , Sandgaard Malte , Ostermeyer Georg-Peter ,   Audi AG, GERMANY, Gramstat Sebastian ,   Volkswagen AG, GERMANY, Stebner Frank , Weigmann Conrad ,   Institute of Particle Technology, GERMANY, Kwade Arno , Schilde Carsten
Published: June 2022

The increasing degree of electrification as well as the optimization of particle based exhaust emissions, which is already being driven forward due to legislation, will direct the focus of fine dust considerations in automotive technology to non-exhaust emissions. In contrast to exhaust emissions, there are currently only a few vehicle-related limit values or uniform standards in measurement technology and the measurement procedure. The area of non-exhaust emissions includes tire abrasion, the turbulence of organic and inorganic road particles, and brake wear. Since, in addition to the material component, the particle size also has a significant influence on the health hazard of the material, particulate emissions from brakes are often directly related to health effects. In comparison to previous measurements, which have mostly been carried out in enclosed and clinical environments, the dynamics of the fine dust emitted from the brake will be investigated using a fully automated tribometer and used as a possibility to validate a DEM simulation. Besides the pure measurement of the emitted particle size distributions during the brake application, conclusions on the agglomeration behaviour of the emission particles in the environment shall be drawn. The aim is to predict the environmental impact and the potential danger of the particles to humans due to the particle size released into the environment. The pin-disc contact between brake pad and brake disc serves as the emission source. A coupled CFD-DEM simulation environment was set up to simulate particle dynamics. Based on a rotating brake disc model, the flow-relevant components of the test bench environment were implemented into the simulation setup. The area around the actual brake contact as well as the environment at the tribometer should be considered. For the metrological validation of the simulation, a swarm of calibrated low-cost sensors as well as a scattered light based particle size measuring device will be set up around the tribometer
Preliminary Comparisons of Particulate Emissions Generated from Different Disc Brake Rotors
Authors:   University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM, Sanuddin Asmawi , Barton David , Brooks Peter , Gilkeson Carl , Kosarieh Shahriar ,   Keronite International Ltd, UNITED KINGDOM, Shrestha Suman
Published: June 2022

Lightweight disc brake rotors have become a popular alternative to conventional grey cast iron (GCI). The thermal and tribological response of these brake rotors will differ during a braking operation. This may result in the generation of particulate wear debris with different characteristics, which can affect the environment and human health to different degrees. Studies have shown a relationship between adverse health effects and the characteristics of airborne particulate matter such as particle size, concentration and chemical composition. In this study, the particulate matter released from a novel lightweight disc brake rotor is compared to that released from the conventional grey cast iron rotor. The lightweight brake rotor was made of aluminium alloy (Al6082) and its rubbing surfaces were treated using the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) process. The process produced hard, dense, wear-resistant and well-adhered alumina coatings of approximate thickness 50 microns. A novel test rig was developed based upon the existing Leeds full-scale disc brake dynamometer. An enclosure was constructed around the brake assembly and ducting was carefully designed to ensure the cleanliness of the intake air to the system. Both brake rotors were tested under drag-braking conditions of constant sliding speed and applied braking pressure. Three braking test conditions with hydraulic pressures of 5, 10 and 15 bar at a constant speed of 135 rpm were selected from initial brake dynamometer tests. Braking test parameters of rotor rubbing surface temperature and coefficient of friction were measured during the tests and their effect on the brake wear particle characteristics were investigated. To measure and collect airborne brake wear particles, the Dekati ELPI+ unit was utilised along with a custom-made probe. This probe was made of stainless steel and its geometry was tailored to comply with the isokinetic concept. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) system was utilised to investigate the morphology and chemical composition of the airborne brake wear particles collected by the Dekati unit. The initial comparison results showed that the PEO-treated lightweight aluminium alloy (PEO-Al) rotor has the potential not only to significantly reduce the unsprung mass of the vehicle but also reduce particulate matter emissions compared with the standard GCI rotor. The results also revealed that the percentage of iron contained in the PEO-Al debris was about threefold lower than that from the GCI rotor under all steady-state drag braking conditions studied which may have important health implications
Feminism in French Novels in the Late Renaissance-From the Perspective of Madeleine de Scudéry’s "The Story of Sapho"
Authors: Zhao Jialin
Published: June 2022

At the end of the Renaissance, Madeleine de Scudéry, an early exponent of historical fiction, infused French feminism with the spiritual qualities of the Renaissance with her novel The Story of Sapho. In this context, this essay takes it as the main subject and analyses the feminist qualities of this novel by examining the influence of the work over a period of nearly four centuries and comparing it specifically with the ideas of Gournay, one of the pioneers of French feminism, Rousseau, a revolutionary tutor, and Mona Ozouf, a contemporary historian. The study reveals that, unlike the feminism of Gournay's novel, Scudéry uses Sapho to reveal the birth of a new era of women with feminine virtue, feminine friendship and feminine love, and in this way to leave behind the old feminism of power struggles and gender differences. In the 18th century, this novel influenced Rousseau's Émile, in which the heroes and heroines are highly similar, and he continues to some extent the universalist spirit of The Story of Sapho, Rousseau's examination of the relationship between men and women has a similar concern to that of Scudéry, the pursuit of a harmonious society for both sexes. Finally, this novel echoes the uniqueness of French feminism as described by contemporary historian Mona Ozouf. In the long line of French feminism, Scudéry’s vision embodies the humanistic concerns of a feminism with a humanist core.
Viral Etiology in Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in North Indian Children
Authors: Aggarwal Anju
Published: June 2022

Background and Objective: Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) leads to significant mortality and morbidity in children. This study was undertaken to identify the viral causes of AES and its correlation with clinicodemographic profile.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 children aged 1 to 12 years presenting with fever of <14 days duration and a change in mental status (including symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, coma, or inability to talk) and/or new onset of seizures (excluding simple febrile seizures) [1]. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) was collected aseptically by lumbar puncture for biochemical and cytological analysis, and for bacteriological culture. Multiplex PCR for the viruses HSV1, HSV2, Varicella zoster virus, Enterovirus, Mumps and Parecho virus was carried out. Serology for Japanese Encephalitis (JE) was done in blood and CSF by ELISA method. Dengue NS1 antigen and IgM ELISA was carried out in both blood and CSF samples. Serum IgM antibody for scrub typhus was done by ELISA method.

Results: Out of 100 children viral cause was detected in 21 patients (Japanese encephalitis -16, Dengue – 4, Varicella zoster virus, Enterovirus and Mumps virus – 1 each). Serum IgM ELISA for scrub typhus was positive in 6 patients. Multiple viral etiology was seen in 2 patients. Mortality was significantly more in females (p=0.021), GCS <8 (p <0.001). Mortality was significantly more with higher CSF neutrophils and higher proteins (p<0.05).

Interpretation and Conclusion: This study concludes that viral causes specially JE contributed in AES in North India. Hence viral pathogens including JE needs to be considered as one of major causative agents while treating patients of AES and further emphasis has to be given for JE vaccination in this region.
Soft Tissue Sarcoma in a Malignancy Prone Patient: An Update
Authors: Abdulrauf Badr M I
Published: June 2022

It is possible to encounter a patient who might have more than one type of a primary malignant tumor. The literature supports increasing tendencies for subsequent development of malignancies within same individual. A case example of a young woman is given who was diagnosed with a pleomorphic Liposarcoma, while she is been followed up for metastatic ductal breast carcinoma and with a past history of treated acute lymphoblastic Leukemia. As per our review, various associations of malignant conditions are encountered, but are more likely to be metachronous rather than synchronous. The duration between diagnosing a second and third malignancy tends to be relatively short. Soft tissue sarcoma as a synchronous malignancy has been shown to be associated with breast cancer more often. Patients diagnosed with new subsequent malignancy including soft tissue sarcomas must be managed holistically and with full measures; as per current data, their prognosis is not necessarily poorer than regular cancer patients.
Din Eğitiminde Çocuklar İçin Felsefe (P4C): İmkânlar ve Sınırlılıklar
Authors: SU Mehmet
Published: June 2022

Çocuklar için felsefe, akıl yürütme ve yargılama becerilerini geliştiren öğrenciler yetiştirmek amacıyla felsefi yaklaşımın eğitime uygulanmasıdır. Bu yaklaşımın temel amacı, grup tartışması ve sorgulama yoluyla felsefi araştırmayı teşvik etmektir. Bu yaklaşım, aynı zamanda öğrencilerin kendi ve diğer öğrencilerin sorularını, fikirlerini sorguladıkları ve bu konularda derinleştikleri becerileri kazandırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Din eğitimi uygulamalarının öğrencilerin kavrayışını, değerlerini ve inançlarını içselleştirmesini kolaylaştırması beklenir. Aktarıma dayalı yaklaşımın bu kazanımları sağladığını söylemek mümkün değildir. Çocuklar için felsefe, öğrenci katılımına dayalı diyalog temelli bir uygulamadır. Yapılandırılmış metinlerin kolaylaştırıcı olarak kullanıldığı bu uygulamanın özellikle soyut dini kavram ve inançların anlaşılmasında, temellendirilmesinde ve içselleştirilmesinde önemli katkılar sağlaması beklenmektedir. Din eğitiminde çocuklar için felsefenin yaratıcı, eleştirel, özenli ve işbirlikçi anlayışından yararlanmak, din eğitiminin özellikle dini akıl yürütme becerilerinin geliştirilmesi açısından çeşitli katkılar sağlayabilir. Bu çalışma çocuklar için felsefe yaklaşımının söz konusu ilkelerinin ve uygulamalarının din eğitimine muhtemel katkılarını ele almak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede P4C yaklaşımı tanıtıldıktan sonra din eğitimine katkıları ve muhtemel sınırlılıklar ele alınacaktır.
Günah ve Kebâir Kavramları Bağlamında Bazı Eş’arî Âlimlerinin İmanda Artma-Eksilme Hakkındaki Görüşleri
Authors: DEMİR Fethi
Published: June 2022

Eş‘arîlik, ilk dönem mezhepleri içinde Ehl-i Sünnet ekolünün en güçlü mezheplerinden sayılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Eş‘arîliğin tartışmalı konulara getirdiği çözümler hem kendi mezhebinin görüşleri olarak kelâm otoriteleri nezdinde yer edinmiş hem de Ehl-i Sünnet’in bir yaklaşımı olarak literal anlamda değerlendirilmiştir. İmanda artama-eksilme mevzusu, ilk dönem kelâmî tartışmaların en nirengi meselelerinden biri sayılmıştır. Mu‘tezile’nin imanda artma-eksilme bağlamında günah kavramına getirdiği ifrata varan yorumu, Eş‘arî kelâmcıları tarafından da belli sınırlar içinde değerlendirilerek Kur’an ve Sünnet bağlamında neticelendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Nitekim Eş‘arîler, iman kavramını inanç sisteminde yüksek bir mertebeye yerleştirerek küçük günah veya kebâir denilen büyük günahların imana halel getirmediğini savunmaktadırlar ki bu temel görüş, Eş’arîlerin iman tanımlamasına da uymaktadır. Nitekim Gazzalî gibi bazı Eş’arî kelamcılar, iman kavramını fiillerden vareste kılarak daha çok kalbin bir ameli olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Çalışmamızda imanın artması ve eksilmesi meselesinde, Eş‘arî kelâmcıların günah ve kebâir kavramlarına yaklaşımlarını ele almanın yanı sıra diğer mezheplerin görüşlerine de yer verilerek karşılaştırmalı bir tahlil yapılmıştır.
Kıyamet Sahneleri Sunması Bağlamında “Kâri‘a Suresi” nin İncelenmesi
Authors: DÜNDAR Mazhar
Published: June 2022

Kâri’a sûresi, Risalet’in başlangıç döneminde nazil olmuş, mevzu itibariyle diğer bazı Mekkî sûrelerde olduğu gibi kıyametin ne olduğu sorusuyla başlamış ve kıyamet sahnelerinin tasviri yapılmıştır. Bu sahnelerde kıyametin kopmasıyla oluşan şiddetli çarpmanın etkisiyle kâinatta oluşan değişim aktarılmıştır. Kıyametin dehşet veren korkusuyla insanların yaşadıkları panik halleri, hesaba çekilerek amellerine göre kavuşacakları nimetler veya uğrayacakları azap tasvir edilmiştir. Kur’an’da, kıyamet sahneleri çok canlı bir anlatımla adeta gözler önüne serilerek tasavvur ve hissedilebilir bir üslupla aktarılmıştır. Sûrede insanlara yönelik hem ümit veren hem de korku salan mesajlar sunulmuştur. Böylece insanlardaki mükellefiyet ve kulluk bilincine vurgu yapılmak suretiyle dünyada işledikleri amellerin ahirette mutlaka bir karşılığının olacağı bilincinin verilmesi hedeflendiği söylenebilir. Kıyamet sahneleri, Kur’an’ın farklı ayet ve sûrelerinde yer alırken, Kâri’a sûresinde veciz şekliyle geçtiği görülmektedir. Sûreyi ele alarak incelememiz bu sebebe matuftur. Kıyametin kopması ve sonraki ahvalin tasvir edildiği bu sahnelerde, tam bir uyum ve ahenk vardır. Bu durum sahnenin her bölümünde, kelimelerin musikisinde, ses tonu ile mana arasındaki insicamda, hisleri harekete geçirmede ve sunulduğu bağlamda bir bütünlük arz etmesinde kendini göstermektedir. Çalışmamızda, Kâri’a sûresinde ses tonu ve manasıyla ifade edilen kavramlar tahlil edilmiş, en çarpıcı ve canlı bir üslup ile anlatılan kıyamet sahneleri ele alınmıştır. Bunların, insanları imana ve marufa teşvik ederek inançsızlık ve münkerden sakındırmaya yönelik olduğu, sembolik birer anlatım olmadığı, ahirette gerçekte yaşanacak manzaralardan seçildiği anlaşılmış ve bu hususlar analiz edilerek işlenmiştir.
Kajian Masalah Pembelajaran Matematik di kalangan Pelajar Sekolah Rendah Luar Bandar
Authors: Mamat Norshafariza , Abdul Wahab Muhammad Nubli
Published: June 2022

Pembelajaran matematik amat penting. Terdapat pelbagai punca kelemahan murid dalam mata pelajaran ini. Salah satu punca utama adalah kelemahan penguasaan konsep asas matematik. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka punca kelemahan pelajar sekolah rendah luar bandar dalam mata pelajaran matematik. Metod kajian menggunakan analisis dokumen skrip jawapan pelajar dalam matematik dan temu bual separa berstruktur dengan guru pakar matematik. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan punca kelemahan pelajar adalah kerana tidak menguasai konsep asas matematik yang merangkumi keseluruhan komponen dalam pembelajaran matematik. Pengagihan soalan matematik dalam taksonomi Bloom lebih menyukarkan pelajar menguasai matematik. Kombinasi soalan matematik yang merangkumi keseluruhan tajuk dalam silibus mengakibatkan keciciran dalam keseluruhan tajuk utama pembelajaran. Tinjauan daripada guru pakar juga mendapati pandangan yang sama dalam pembelajaran matematik. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tumpuan utama perlu diberikan kepada kefahaman konsep asas dan mempelbagaikan pendekatan pembelajaran matematik. Ini penting untuk membolehkan masalah keciciran dalam mata pelajaran matematik boleh dikurangkan pada masa hadapan.
The Classroom Climate, Students’ Mathematics Achievement, Students’ Knowledge of Cognition and Regulation Cognition: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Dolinting Priscilla Petrus , Pang Vincent
Published: June 2022

The role of mathematics in development of the branches of science and technology is enormous. The literature reviews revealed among the factors that affect the achievement of students in mathematics subject are classroom climate, students’ knowledge of cognition and regulation cognition. Therefore, this study aims to determine the mediation effect of knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition on relationship between classroom climate (student cohesiveness, teacher support, involvement, investigation, task orientation, cooperation and equity) and students’ mathematics achievement. This study employed survey method involving a total of 326 form four students from five rural secondary schools located in five Divisions in Sabah via multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using two questionnaires: 1) What is Happening in This Class? (WIHIC) and 2) Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) as well as mathematics form four achievement test. The data was analysed by using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) through Smart PLS version 3.2.8 software. The findings indicated that knowledge of cognition mediates the relationships between classroom climate (investigation, task orientation and equity) and students’ mathematics achievement, while regulation cognition mediates the relationships between classroom climate (student cohesiveness, investigation and equity) and students’ mathematics achievement. Based on these findings, this study recommends that schools should endeavour to create a positive classroom climate focusing to improve student cohesiveness, task orientation, investigation and equity, as well as students’ knowledge of cognition and regulation cognition to increase students’ mathematics achievement. Pedagogical implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Towards Gender Equality in The Cambodian Labor Market – Gender Gaps Prevent Females from Stable Income Generation
Authors: Weimann-Sandig Nina , Sem Chenda
Published: June 2022

Cambodia has enjoyed a decade of macroeconomic stability and growth and is increasingly integrating with the region. Nevertheless, a few topics remain challenging as Cambodia strives for middle-income status by 2030. One of these is gender disparity in the labor market. While Cambodia has one of the highest female labor market participation rates in Asia, most women still face horizontal and vertical gender inequality. Such gender disparities in the labor market negatively affect the macroeconomic efficiencies of developing countries as well as stable income generation of females. As the social development of modern civilizations is based highly on gender equality, gender stereotypes are likely to prevent Cambodia from transforming into a society of equal opportunity. While a previous World Bank quantitative research report provided statistical insights into gender-related inequality in Cambodia (Gavalyugova & Cunningham 2019), many constraints underlying gender inequality in the labor market remained largely unclear. In order to develop new programs concentrating on increasing female involvement in the labor market, it is necessary to investigate the problems and challenges women face when entering the labor market in Cambodia. To contribute to filling this knowledge gap, this study collected and analyzed qualitative data. Qualitative focus group discussions and key informant interviews were held to gain a deeper understanding of mechanisms underlying gender disparities in the Cambodian labor market.
Tahap Penggunaan serta Persepsi Usahawan Mikro dan Kecil Terhadap E-Dagang
Authors: Yakob Noor Azuddin , Lokman Nur Hannan
Published: June 2022

Antara strategi dalam membantu meningkatkan hasil jualan usahawan mikro dan kecil adalah melalui e-dagang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap penggunaan media digital dan persepsi usahawan mikro dan kecil terhadap e-dagang. Seramai 615 orang usahawan mikro dan kecil sekitar Lembah Klang dan Kota Kinabalu, Sabah telah terlibat dalam kajian ini. Hasil kajian mendapati kebanyakan responden hanya berada pada tahap asas penggunaan media digital. Manakala persepsi mereka terhadap e-dagang adalah positif secara keseluruhan. Selain itu, hasil kajian mendapati responden di kawasan Lembah Klang lebih ramai menggunakan media digital untuk memasarkan produk berbanding usahawan di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Responden di Lembah Klang juga mempunyai persepsi yang lebih positif terhadap e-dagang berbanding dengan responden di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Walau bagaimanapun, tiada perbezaan persepsi yang signifikan antara jantina responden terhadap e-dagang. Hasil kajian ini menjelaskan bahawa walaupun tahap penggunaan e-dagang adalah rendah dalam kalangan usahawan mikro dan kecil, namun mereka mempunyai tanggapan yang positif terhadap e-dagang. Penemuan ini boleh dijadikan rujukan kepada agensi-agensi berkaitan bagi menyediakan program intervensi kepada usahawan mikro dan kecil untuk membantu mereka meningkatkan hasil jualan.
Statistical Data Analysis Skills Needs Among Creative Arts Students
Authors: Ali Amaran Mazdan , A.Mohd Puat Puteri Ariana , Hamzah Mohd Sharizam , Mohamad Tahir Badrolhisham
Published: June 2022

Knowledge of data analysis skills is an important knowledge for every student, especially for those who conduct research scientifically. However, is there a need for systematic statistical data analysis skills in the scope of their study among creative arts students? Therefore, this study examines the need for quantitative data analysis skills among creative arts students in the perspective of Alumni, Academician and Industry. This study interviewed 12 alumni, 13 academicians and 10 representatives from the Creative Arts Industry to analyse their perspective. Qualitative analysis method is used to analyze the results of interviews with former students, academicians and the industry. As result, all sample of informants interviewed agreed that Creative Arts Students need data analysis skill using quantitative method.
Relationship between Employee’s Satisfaction, Engagement and Turnover Intention
Authors: Lim Yee Siew
Published: June 2022

The aim of this paper was to study the relationship between employee satisfaction and engagement towards turnover intention. A total of 61 participants were non-randomly selected through convenience sampling and purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted using quantitative approach where the participants were asked to fill up the questionnaire using the google form link. Instruments used in this study was The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) by Weiss, Dawis, England, and Lofquist (1967), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) by Schaufeli and Bakker (2004) and Turnover Intention Scale (TIS-15) by Roodt (2004). The data collected were analysed using the SPSS software. Result of this study indicate that employee satisfaction has a positive effect towards employee’s engagement. Result also indicated there is a negative relationship between employee satisfaction and engagement towards turnover intention of employee. The implication of this study was suitable for companies that are from various industry such as primary, secondary and tertiary industry. Limitation of the study are such as uneven number of participants from age group and different companies cultural background of all participants.
Factors Influencing Cryptocurrency Awareness Among Young Working Adults in Malaysia: A Conceptual Paper
Authors: Yousefi Nejad Maryam , Yung Gabriel Lee , Othman Jaizah , Md Kssim Aza Azlina , Khan Ahmed Sarwar , Md Daniel Lim Fandy Lim , Enbasakaran Premm
Published: June 2022

The main objective of this study is to investigate the social factors that influence the awareness of cryptocurrencies among young working adults in Malaysia. The study is a cross-sectional, quantitative, and conceptual research. This study focuses on three possible factors that influence cryptocurrency awareness: social acceptance, trust, and confidence. The study suggests that the most appropriate data collection technique for this conceptual work is primary data collection through questionnaires. The results of this study can also provide important input for policy makers to better understand the drive behind cryptocurrency awareness among the population. In addition, this study expands the knowledge of the possible relationship between social factors and cryptocurrency awareness by considering social acceptance, trust, and confidence.
Nilai Sivik, Batas Etnik dan Impak Tadbir Urus Kerajaan Terhadap Etos Bangsa di Sekolah Kebangsaan
Authors: Omar Amran , Hamzah Shazlin Amir , Kee Chang Peng
Published: June 2022

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melaksanakan penyelidikan empirikal mengenai pengaruh nilai sivik, batas etnik dan tadbir urus kerajaan terhadap pembinaan etos bangsa di sekolah-sekolah kebangsaan di Zon Utara Semenanjung Malaysia. Data kajian ini dikumpulkan dari soal-selidik ke atas 566 orang guru sekolah kebangsaan di negeri-negeri Perak, Kedah, Perlis dan Pulau Pinang. Data dianalisis menggunakan kaedah Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) menggunakan perisian SmartPLS 3.3.3. Skala interval lima mata digunakan untuk mengukur item-item dalam setiap konstruk. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan, pertama sekali, nilai sivik mempunyai kesan positif yang signifikan terhadap batas etnik (β=.286; p=.00). Kedua, nilai sivik mempunyai kesan positif terhadap tadbir urus kerajaan yang signifikan dan cukup besar (β=.409; p=.000). Ketiga, nilai sivik mempunyai kesan positif yang signifikan terhadap etos bangsa (β=.304; p=.000). Keempat, batas etnik mempunyai kesan positif yang signifikan terhadap etos bangsa (β=.156; p=.000). Akhirnya, tadbir urus kerajaan mempunyai kesan positif yang signifikan terhadap etos bangsa (β=.442; p=.000). Hasil kajian ini dapat memberi implikasi praktikal bagi para guru untuk mengenali pengaruh nilai sivik, batas etnik dan tadbir urus kerajaan terhadap pembinaan etos bangsa di sekolah-sekolah kebangsaan di negeri-negeri Zon Utara Semenanjung Malaysia. Selain itu, berdasarkan nilai sivik, batas etnik dan tadbir urus kerajaan, mereka juga dapat meningkatkan inisiatif dalam pembinaan etos bangsa.
A Review in Personality-Based Recommendation for Graduate Marketability
Authors: Saleh Nor Shela , Rosli Mohd Shafie , Abu Bakar Thuaibah , Md. Ali Azlah , Isa Khairunesa , Mohamad Mimi Mohaffyza , Rahman Riki
Published: June 2022

The issue of marketability is a hot topic. This is due to the rising rate of underemployment over the years. Furthermore, as a direct consequence of national and global economic changes, the COVID-19 pandemic has expanded this percentage even more. Employers are extremely strict when it comes to the selection of employees based on this tendency. In addition to academic excellence, the personality factor is used as a screening method for employees. In previous research, researchers have conducted several synthesis and methodical evaluations of the literature to evaluate the association between personality and marketability factors of prospective graduates. According to the findings of a systematic review of the literature, referencing the CareerEDGE Model could be used as a basis for marketability. Furthermore, the emphasis on Shapero and Shokol's Entrepreneurial Event Theory demonstrates graduates' preparedness to enter the job market. Commonly dialog, personality influences marketability through adaptation, motivation, and excellent work performance in full compliance with the order to function successfully established by the organisation.
The Perception of Employees on Work-From-Home During Movement Control Order in Malaysia
Authors: Abu Bakar Mohd Bakri , Zakaria Nurul Syahirah , Mohd Ariffin Nor Azlina , Harahap Iswandi , Muslat Muhamad Wazir , Salleh Mohd Adlin
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has made Work from Home (WFH), an officially mandated and strictly enforced rule. The WFH concept is already gaining traction across many industries mainly requires in non-essential companies. Most employees are not satisfied with the WFH concept, as COVID-19 has required practically some employees from non-essential industries to work from home for the first time. This paper aims to discuss employees' perception of work from home during the movement control order in Malaysia as employees experience a new environment. However, this paper's research focuses on the effectiveness and challenges employees face when working from home. In this study, the researchers used quantitative methods which employed a set of a survey which included 20 questions. It contained three parts, (i) Respondent’s information, (ii) is working from home effectively for the employees during the MCO, and (iii) are there any challenges the employees face during work-from-home. The survey was distributed among 104 employees in different working sectors in Malaysia who Work-from-Home during movement control order (MCO). Among others, the findings revealed that (i) The effectiveness of WFH affects employees to feel demotivated due to (ii) less interaction with coworkers that cause anxiety and stress levels to rise. This paper brings to light how employees withstand the new norm of working and what the employers could do to embrace the effectiveness and endure the challenges of the new norm of WFH as it may take a long period of time to adapt.
Review on Theories for Personal and Social Development in Educational Psychology
Authors: Law Mei Yuan
Published: June 2022

Educational psychology encompasses all branches of psychology concerned with education, including the social, emotional, and cognitive aspects of learning. In this paper, a review of existing works related to educational psychology for higher education institutions provides insight into the topic. The paper is divided into several sections of the review. A general understanding and introduction of the context of educational psychology in higher education are elaborated in this review. The paper also discusses and reviews personal and social development and focuses on motivation and emotional stability for personal and social development. The relative theory that underpins educational psychology is presented, which includes the Behaviorism Theory for personal development, Social Cognitive Theory for social development and The Goal-Setting Theory for motivation and emotional stability. The implications for lecturers in enhancing personal and social development with a focus on motivation and emotional stability are highlighted and discussed in this paper.
Family Climate in Nurturing Individuals’ Self-Concept: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mohd Noor Nurulainy , Yew Wong Chin , Yusoff Nur Hafizah
Published: June 2022

In general, family has a significant influence on how individuals form their self-evaluations because they form their primary self-concepts in their familial context, which serves as a foundation for secondary self-concepts formed through relationships outside the family. Therefore, this paper aims to focus on the influence of family climate in nurturing individuals’ self-concept. This study obtained the data from qualitative research for the doctoral degree of one of the authors and involved 46 millennial respondents who lived in Malaysia. The Google Forms (Docs) have been utilised in conducting a web-based written interview from May to July 2021. By referring to the feedback of the respondents, this study found the family climate influenced the self-concept of the individuals in five aspects, which are in terms of their ideology, education, character building, religious belief, and political belief. This study believes that the identification of the influence of family climate toward the self-concept of their family members allows more opportunities for them to improve their families’ significant responsibilities in helping their children build and refine their positive self-concept. As a result, key qualities and characteristics of good citizenship are promoted at the individual, interpersonal and societal levels.