bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic Techniques used for Malocclusions in the Dog
Authors: Kawase Kiyoshi
Published: January 2020

Malocclusion in the dog was corrected through the use of several orthodontic techniques. The anchorage system used was interdental wiring as the main method used to direct anterior teeth distal to correct a prognathic malocclusion. The techniques used are an alternative treatment system for veterinary orthodontics but not as ideal as the use of direct bond brackets and buttons or labial and lingual arch wires. This paper is important in showing a viable technique that can be an alternative in veterinary orthodontics. Correction of malocclusions that are genetic in origin must be carefully screened as these disorders are being presented to veterinarians with increasing frequency.
Transcoronal Approach for Endodontic access to the Fourth Maxillary Premolar in Dogs
Authors: Eisner Edward R.
Published: January 2020

Endodontic procedures are frequently recommended for crown fractures of the fourth maxillary premolar. The success of conventional endodontics in this multirooted tooth depends entirely on adequate access to the roots of this tooth. Direct access to all three roots of the canine fourth maxillary premolar is desirable. However, it is difficult to access the root canal system without removing significant tooth structure. The distal root is less difficult to access than the mesiobuccal or mesiopalatal root. A transcoronal technique used to approach the mesiopalatal root is described and illustrated.
Crown Reduction -Disarming of Biting Pets
Authors: Shipp Anthony D.
Published: January 2020

Crown reduction is a sterile endodontic procedure indicated for reducing the crown height of teeth. The procedure is used primarily on canine teeth as a disarming technique in aggressive biting pets or to treat traumatic occlusion. Recommendations for using this technique for biting pets are described.
Veterinary Dental Extraction Instruments
Authors: Zoll Kenneth
Published: January 2020

Efforts to design dental instruments specifically for veterinary dentistry are being approached by various companies. Cislak has developed these instruments for the veterinary patient. A description of oral surgery instruments and their application is included with accompaning photographs.
Endodontic Instrumentation
Authors: Wiggs Robert B.
Published: January 2020

Endodontic instruments are used within the tooth pulp chamber and root canal systems. An understanding of the armamentarium of endodontic instrumentation is necessary in the selection of, and proper use of, these instruments. This proper selection and use of instruments along with the meticulous use of the endodontic triad, can greatly increase the probability of success of endodontic procedures. The endodontic triad is canal preparation, sterilization, and obturation.1 The object of preparation is to prepare the canal to accept obturation with a positive seal and appropriate sealer. This article describes in detail, the types of endodontic instrumentation available.
Modified Surgical Treatment of Intermittent Open-Mouth Mandibular Locking in a Cat
Authors: Lobprise Heidi B. , Wiggs Robert B.
Published: January 2020

Intermittent open-mouth locking related to disorders of the temporomandibular joint are not uncommon. As a result of joint laxity, the mandible shifts to one side. The coronoid process then becomes locked lateral to the zygomatic arch. These patients present with the mouth opened and an inability to close the mouth. This article describes a case of intermittent open-mouth mandibular locking in a cat and a modified surgical treatment combining zygomatic arch and coronoid process reduction.
Veterinary Dental Demonstration Models
Authors: Wiggs Robert B. , Lobprise Heidi B.
Published: January 2020

This article is about dental models and their construction. It is meant to be informative, entertaining and, hopefully, a little lighthearted. The use of dental models in the veterinary practice has become commonplace. The models are useful for demonstrating to clients and colleagues various dental pathologies and procedures.
Anatomy, Diagnosis and Management of Disorders of the Tongue
Authors: Lobprise Heidi B. , Wiggs Robert B.
Published: January 2020

The tongue is an integral and functional part of the oral cavity. This article reviews and describes various disorders of the tongue. A comprehensive description of diagnosis and management of tongue problems is included. A review of the anatomy related to the tongue is described.
Glass Ionomer Root Canal Sealers
Authors: Visser Chris J.
Published: January 2020

Since their introduction, glassionomer cements have undergone changes in formulations and have been endorsed for a number of clinical applications. Consistent reporting of bio-compatibility, durable adhesion, and beneficial fluoride release have followed the evolving glass ionomer cement. This report recommends the use of glass ionomer cements as root canal sealers and describes their application in the dog.
Cybernetic Hypothesis of Periodontal Disease in Mammalian Carnivores
Authors: Lonsdale Tom
Published: January 2020

Factors known to govern the pathogenesis of periodontal disease of carnivores are reinterpreted from an ecological perspective. A cybernetic hypothesis is generated which predicts and explains population control mechanisms. Sensitivity to prevailing conditions and the ability to exert a powerful influence upon those conditions is central to the hypothesis. Natural and domestic situations are contrasted with demonstration of a range of immune-mediated conditions arising from a permanent septic focus in the mouths of domestic cats and dogs. The hypothesis is expected to withstand critical scrutiny. In which case a new theory at the heart of a new paradigm will set the future course.
Clinical Evaluation of Sofscale™ Calculus Scaling Gel in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Wiggs Robert B. , Lobprise Heidi B. , Tholen Mark A.
Published: January 2020

An in-depth study was performed using SofScale™ Calculus Scaling Gel to determine its value in assisting animal dental prophylaxis as compared to non-treated teeth. A total of one hundred and five animals (dogs and cats) were tested. This gel saved a slight amount of time on animal full mouth prophylaxis in many cases, especially in heavy calculus groups. The gel helped to reduce total actual scaling time, but did not reduce actual procedure time.
Assessment Methods and Clinical Outcomes: Chemical and Microbial Composition, Formation, and Maturation Dynamics of Pellicle, Plaque, and Calculus
Authors: Hefferren J. J. , Schiff T. G. , Smith Martyn R.
Published: January 2020

Understanding the functional dynamics of the oral cavity helps researchers design methods to predict clinical outcomes. Most information about the oral cavities of companion animals must be drawn from animal studies designed to understand human oral disease and from human studies. Based upon functional criteria for any animal or experimental research study, supragingival plaque and calculus can be assessed within four to six weeks. Although longer studies may be more appealing, such study designs may compromise the oral soft tissue health of the animals and are complicated by oral cavity dynamics. Thus, they are less sensitive and predictive of longer term clinical outcomes. Additional research is necessary to relate tooth surface accumulation phenomena with oral soft tissue health.
The History of Veterinary Dentistry Part One: From the Earliest Record to the End of the 18th Century
Authors: Harvey Colin E.
Published: January 2020

Dental procedures have been performed on animals, particularly horses, since earliest recorded history. In the absence of anesthesia and an understanding of physiology and pathology, treatment often was unnecessary, inappropriate or barbaric. Progress was made very slowly.
Jaw Lesions Resulting from Renal Hyperparathyroidism in a Young Dog–a Case Report
Authors: Sarkiala Eva M. , Dambach Donna , Harvey Colin E.
Published: January 2020

A five-month-old male Labrador retriever presented with massive bilateral jaw and facial swelling. Ulcers were found on the buccal mucosa and palate, and the jaws were flexible on firm palpation. The dog could eat only soft food and was underweight. Renal hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed based on serum chemistry screen, parathormone concentration, radiological findings and histopathology. The dog was euthanatized because of an extremely poor prognosis.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate - The Solution for Dental Problems
Authors: Robinson John G. A.
Published: January 2020

Rarely is a chemical agent so effective with so few contra-indications as is chlorhexidine. It has many oral applications, the main ones being the control of plaque and gingivitis. Due to the constraints on oral hygiene in animals, its benefits and indications are especially appropriate to veterinary dental cases. Its full potential is not being realised.
Long-Term Results of Restoration of Feline Resorptive Lesions with Micro-Glass-Composite
Authors: Zetner K. , Steurer I.
Published: January 2020

Twenty-five Class I-III resorptive lesions in 19 cats were restored with Charisma®, a microglass-composite material. Twenty two restorations were examined 6 and 12, and 10 were examined 24 months post-treatment. Excellent results (restoration intact, no additional resorption visible) were seen in 68% of restorations at 6 months, 36% at 12 months, and 10% at 24 months.
Oral Malodor in Dogs: Measurement Using a Sulfide Monitor
Authors: Hennet P. , Delille B. , Davot J. L.
Published: January 2020

In 28 dogs, oral malodor was assessed organoleptically (0–3 scale) and by measurement of volatile sulfur components (VSC), using two positions ('intraoral' and 'tooth surface') for sampling VSC. Significant correlations were found between: intraoral and tooth surface VSC collection positions (p < 0.0001) and between organoleptic and tooth surface VSC data (p < 0.0001). VSC measurement is a sensitive, repeatable and non-subjective method of assessing oral malodor in dogs.
Clinical Aspects of Rodent Dental Anatomy
Authors: Crossley David A.
Published: January 2020

The order Rodentia is vast, encompassing a large number of species with significant anatomical variations developed during natural adaptation to differing habitats. Many veterinarians have little knowledge of the anatomy of species other than the commoner domestic large herbivores and small carnivores. Clinicians require a basic knowledge of the relevant anatomy of species they are likely to be asked to treat. This article provides sufficient working knowledge of the oral and dental anatomy of those rodents commonly kept as pets to enable veterinarians to interpret clinical and radiographic findings when investigating suspected dental disease.
Management of Lingually Displaced Mandibular Canine Teeth in Five Bull Terrier Dogs
Authors: Pavlica Zlatko , Cestnik Vojteh
Published: January 2020

Lingually displaced mandibular canine teeth (304, 404) were treated by applying inclined planes in five bull terrier dogs aged 10–19 months. The inclined planes produced interrupted tipping forces and were left in place for 3 weeks. The orthodontic movement technique successfully resolved the malocclusions. In two cases the treatment had to be repeated, perhaps because the animals were 10 and 12 months old and the device was removed too early. Canine teeth occlusion was normal in all five dogs when last examined 3 months following completion of treatment.
Association of Periodontal Disease and Histologic Lesions in Multiple Organs from 45 Dogs
Authors: DeBowes Linda J. , Mosier Derek , Logan Ellen , Harvey Colin E. , Lowry Stephen , Richardson Daniel C.
Published: January 2020

Forty-five mixed breed dogs were evaluated for the presence and extent of periodontal disease. Histopathology was performed on samples of lung, myocardium, liver, kidney, tonsil, spleen, submandibular lymph node and tracheobronchial lymph node. Mitral valves were evaluated grossly. Statistical analysis was used to determine if there was a relationship between the extent of periodontal disease and histopathologic changes in the tissues examined. In the forty-five dogs studied, an association was found between periodontal disease and histopathologic changes in kidney, myocardium (papillary muscle), and liver.
Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Young Dog
Authors: Stapleton Barbara L. , Barrus Janet M.
Published: January 2020

A rostral maxillectomy was performed to remove an intraoral growth in a 9 month old Labrador retriever dog. The growth was initially diagnosed from a biopsy sample as an acanthomatous epulis. The opinions of several pathologists were obtained postoperatively and a final diagnosis of papillary squamous cell carcinoma was made.
Idiopathic Dental Root Replacement Resorption in Old Dogs
Authors: Arnbjerg Jens
Published: January 2020

The roots of the teeth of 33 large dogs aged 10 years or older were radiographed. These dogs were euthanized for reasons other than oral diseases; dogs with obvious dental or periodontal diseases were excluded. The dogs had shown no clinical signs related to the teeth and the teeth were macroscopically normal. Of the 33 dogs, six had one or more teeth that had abnormally shaped and partially resorbed roots, with replacement of root structure by radiographically normal trabecular bone. Histological examination of radiographically abnormal roots revealed mid-root resorption, without signs of inflammation or hypercementosis. These findings are similar to the condition known as idiopathic dental root replacement resorption in the human dental literature. Possible etiologies of root resorption are discussed.
Correlation of Diet, Other Chewing Activities and Periodontal Disease in North American Client-Owned Dogs
Authors: Harvey Colin E. , Shofer Frances S. , Laster Larry
Published: January 2020

In 1350 client-owned dogs in North America, the association of calculus, gingival inflammation and periodontal bone loss with diet (dry food only, or other than dry food only), and with access to other chewing materials was analyzed. There were few apparent differences seen in dogs fed dry food only compared with those fed other than dry food only. There was progressively less accumulation of calculus, less gingival inflammation and less periodontal bone loss in dogs that were given access to more types of chewing materials (rawhides, bones, biscuits, chew toys) compared with dogs given access to fewer or no chewing materials. When the effects of individual chewing materials were analyzed, access to rawhides overall had the greatest apparent periodontal protective effect, and this effect was more apparent in dogs fed dry food only compared with those fed other than dry food only.
The Role of Tooth-brushing and Diet in the Maintenance of Periodontal Health in Dogs
Authors: Gorrel C. , Rawlings J. M.
Published: January 2020

Tooth-brushing every other day did not maintain clinically healthy gingivae in dogs. The daily addition of a dental hygiene chew to a regimen of tooth brushing every other day reduced the gingivitis scores and reduced the accumulation of dental deposits (plaque, calculus and stain). Daily tooth-brushing should be the recommendation to the dog owner irrespective of dietary regimen. Providing a dental hygiene chew daily seems to give an added health benefit when tooth-brushing is less frequent, and provides the pet owner with a useful adjunct for homecare.
Chronic Gingivo-Stomatitis in Cats: Long-Term follow-up of 30 cases Treated by Dental Extractions
Authors: Hennet Philippe
Published: January 2020

Chronic gingivostomatitis (bucco-stomatitis, faucitis) in cats is a severe but ill-defined entity with poor response to medical treatment. Thirty cats were treated by extraction of most or all of the premolar and molar teeth. Twenty four of the 30 cats (80%) were significantly improved or clinically cured at the time of follow-up, 11–24 months following treatment
The use of a Prosthetic Appliance to Manage a Large Palatal Defect in a Dog
Authors: Hale Fraser A. , Sylvestre Anne M. , Miller Craig
Published: January 2020

Large defects of the hard palate can result from a congenital abnormality, trauma, or surgical treatment of oral masses. Closure of these defects can be challenging as dehiscence is common. Large, inoperable hard palate defects may be managed with prosthetic obturators, which recreate the separation between the oral and nasal cavities. This report describes the use of a palatal obturator to manage a large palatal defect that persisted after resection of a palatal fibrosarcoma. Three prior attempts at surgical closure of the defect had failed.
Measurement of Biting-Pulling Strength Developed on Canine Teeth of Military Dogs
Authors: Hamel L. , Brech C. Le , Besnier N. J. , Daculsi L. G.
Published: January 2020

Using a load cell with an amplifier, oscilloscope and printer, maximal pulling strength developed by six military dogs was measured during biting-pulling exercises. When all four canine teeth were involved, the maximum pulling strength varied from 480–1120 N. The pulling strength intensity decreased with repetitive efforts. Understanding the forces that the crowns of the canine teeth are exposed to may lead to development of more effective prosthetic devices for use when these teeth are fractured.
Negotiating Quality for Social Work: A Participatory Research Project in South Tyrol
Authors: Lorenz Walter A. , Fargion Silvia , Nothdurfter Urban , Nagy Andrea , Berger Elisabeth , Rainer Sylvia , Frei Sabina
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

The measurement of quality in social work practice has become an area of growing interest and relevance in the social services field. Our starting point is that quality in interventions with human beings has to be defined in ways that incorporate the multiple perspectives of all the subjects involved.

Methods:

The study, adopting qualitative and quantitative methods, explored issues of quality in social services provision in South Tyrol in Italy from the point of view of the main stakeholders.

Results:

It was possible to identify four dimensions of quality that stakeholders considered important: the political role of practitioners, the ability to take an active role in the organization, the capacity to connect with other professionals, and the quality of direct relationships with users.

Conclusions:

Results provide an understanding of the common and differing expectations evident in stakeholders’ perspectives and ideas for better quality systems
The association of anaemia and its severity with composite morbidity after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Frangie Robert , Masrouha Karim Z , Abi-Melhem Racha , Tamim Hani , Al-Taki Muhyeddine
Published: January 2020

Background:

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common orthopaedic procedure and is expected to increase with an increasing elderly population. Many of these patients suffer from chronic diseases which might be associated with anaemia. Anaemia, by itself, increases the risk of morbidity. We aimed to delineate relationship between preoperative anaemia and postoperative composite morbidities in patients undergoing primary THA.

Methods:

A cohort study analysed the data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 2008–2014 database. Adult patients who underwent unilateral primary THA were included and divided into 3 groups: no anaemia, mild anaemia, and moderate-to-severe anaemia. Thirty-day mortality and morbidity were recorded as adverse events. The associations between anaemia, baseline characteristics, and adverse events were analysed after adjusting for confounders.

Results:

Moderate-to-severe anaemia patients were at increased risk for composite morbidity (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 [1.17–1.74]) when compared to non-anaemics. The stratification revealed a significant effect of younger age, male gender, white race, obesity, general anaesthesia, and mean operative time >120 minutes in patients with moderate-to-severe anaemia. These patients were also at a higher risk of developing several specific morbidities.

Conclusion:

Moderate-to-severe anaemia increases the risk for composite morbidities, but not mortality in patients undergoing primary THA. Further studies are needed to assess whether preoperative management of moderate-to-severe anaemia would improve outcomes in patients undergoing THA.
Metabolic Pathways Enhancement Confers Poor Prognosis in p53 Exon Mutant Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Po-Ming , Li Jian-Rong , Liu Chun-Chi , Tang Feng-Yao , Chiang En-Pei Isabel
Published: January 2020

RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq), the most commonly used sequencing application tool, is not only a method for measuring gene expression but also an excellent media to detect important structural variants such as single nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertion/deletion (Indels), or fusion transcripts. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) contains genomic data from a variety of cancer types and also provides the raw data generated by TCGA consortium. p53 is among the top 10 somatic mutations associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study was to analyze concordant different gene profiles and the priori defined set of genes based on p53 mutation status in HCC using RNA-Seq data. In the study, expression profile of 11 799 genes on 42 paired tumor and adjacent normal tissues was collected, processed, and further stratified by the mutated versus normal p53 expression. Furthermore, we used a knowledge-based approach Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to compare between normal and p53 mutation gene expression profiles. The statistical significance (nominal P value) of the enrichment score (ES) genes was calculated. The ranked gene list that reflects differential expression between p53 wild-type and mutant genotypes was then mapped to metabolic process by KEGG, an encyclopedia of genes and genomes to assign functional meanings. These approaches enable us to identify pathways and potential target gene/pathways that are highly expressed in p53 mutated HCC. Our analysis revealed 2 genes, the hexokinase 2 ( HK2) and Enolase 1 ( ENO1), were conspicuous of red pixel in the heatmap. To further explore the role of these genes in HCC, the overall survival plots by Kaplan-Meier method were performed for HK2 and ENO1 that revealed high HK2 and ENO1 expression in patients with HCC have poor prognosis. These results suggested that these glycolysis genes are associated with mutated-p53 in HCC that may contribute to poor prognosis. In this proof-of-concept study, we proposed an approach for identifying novel potential therapeutic targets in human HCC with mutated p53. These approaches can take advantage of the massive next-generation sequencing (NGS) data generated worldwide and make more out of it by exploring new potential therapeutic targets.
Surgery for Renal Hyperparathyroidism in the Era of Cinacalcet: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Mogl M. T. , Skachko T. , Dobrindt E. M. , Reinke P. , Bures C. , Pratschke J. , Rayes N.
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims:

There are only few data on the influence of cinacalcet on the outcome of parathyroidectomy in patients with renal hyperparathyroidism. Indication and timing of surgery have changed since its introduction, especially with regard to kidney transplantation. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism in our institution.

Material and methods:

Between 2008 and 2015, 196 consecutive operations in 191 patients were analyzed. About 80 operations (41%) were performed in patients receiving cinacalcet compared with 116 operations (59%) in patients without cinacalcet. Clinical data, preoperative medication, pre- and postoperative laboratory values, type and details of surgery including complications, as well as cardiovascular complications and kidney transplantation with graft function were recorded.

Results:

Demographical data were similar in patients with or without cinacalcet treatment. A total of 54% of patients received a kidney graft before or after parathyroidectomy. Pre- and postoperative parathormone levels were similar in both groups (preoperatively 755 vs 742 ng/L, postoperatively 50 vs 46 ng/L, p > 0.10), whereas patients with cinacalcet showed significantly lower calcium levels preoperatively (2.28 vs 2.41 mmol/L, p = 0.0002). There was no difference in recurrence or persistence of hyperparathyroidism, duration of surgery, hospital stay, or complication rate. Creatinine levels in patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism were similar after 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

Cinacalcet did not influence outcome of patients with parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism and can be safely offered to patients not responding to medical treatment.
Cigarette Prices in Rural and Urban Ohio: Effects of Census Tract Demographics
Authors: Keller-Hamilton Brittney , Ferketich Amy K. , Berman Micah , Conrad Erika , Roberts Megan E.
Published: January 2020

The prevalence of smoking among rural Americans and Americans of lower socioeconomic status (SES) remains higher than among their urban and higher SES counterparts. Potential factors contributing to these disparities are area-based differences in the retail environment and tobacco control policies. We describe the association between neighborhood demographics and cigarette prices in rural and urban areas. Prices of one pack of Marlboro Reds, Newport menthols, and the cheapest cigarettes in the store were recorded from a stratified random sample of tobacco retailers in urban (N = 104) and rural (N = 109) Ohio in 2016. Associations between prices and census tract demographics (SES and race) were modeled separately in each region, controlling for store type. In the rural region, as the census tract income increased, the price of Marlboro and Newport cigarettes decreased, and the price of the cheapest pack of cigarettes increased. In the urban region, as the census tract income and percentage of White non-Hispanic people increased, the price of Marlboro decreased; there were no associations between census tract characteristics and the price of Newports or the cheapest cigarettes. Results describe a complex association between cigarette brand, prices, and area characteristics, where the cheapest brands of cigarettes can be obtained for the lowest prices in lower SES rural areas. Tobacco control policies that raise the price of cheap cigarettes, particularly minimum price laws, have the potential to reduce SES-related smoking disparities in both rural and urban populations.
Smoking Among U.S. Service Members Following Transition From Military to Veteran Status
Authors: Nieh Chiping , Powell Teresa M. , Gackstetter Gary D. , Hooper Tomoko I.
Published: January 2020

Smoking rates among U.S. Service members and veterans have been consistently higher than in civilian populations. While much has been published about tobacco use in both military and veteran populations, smoking patterns during transition from military to veteran status remains unclear. We studied military members participating in the Millennium Cohort Study, who separated from their respective Services between baseline and first follow-up survey ( N = 5,510). Two generalized estimating equation models were used to examine any association between smoking status and time to military separation (days between baseline survey and separation), as well as smoking during transition and reason for separation. Reason for separation was categorized into three groups: (1) not meeting military standards or judicial-related reasons, (2) drugs-/alcohol-related misconduct, and (3) other types of separation including retirement, pregnancy, and so on. Statistical models accounted for baseline smoking and demographic/military/health behavioral/mental health characteristics. Overall, we observed a decline in smoking prevalence over time (19.5%, 16.7%, 15.2%, and 12.6%, respectively). However, we found a 22% increase in the odds of smoking among those who stayed in the military between 3 months and 1 year, compared to those who stayed 2+ years. Additionally, participants separating for standard/judicial reason(s) showed 69% increased smoking compared to those with other reasons for separation. The time period immediately prior to Service separation and certain types of separation were associated with increased odds of smoking. Thus, smoking cessation interventions should target Service members during this transition period to potentially reduce smoking prevalence after separation.
Moderating the Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences to Address Inequities in Tobacco-Related Risk Behaviors
Authors: Srivastav Aditi , Strompolis Melissa , Kipp Colby , Richard Chelsea L. , Thrasher James F.
Published: January 2020

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can increase the risk of engagement in unhealthy behaviors including tobacco use. Protective factors, such as safe, stable, and nurturing relationships (SSNRs) can potentially moderate the long-term impact of ACEs by helping children build resilience. However, there is limited research on whether the impact of these factors is stronger among Black children and families, who face disproportionately poorer health outcomes compared to their White counterparts. This study examined the relationships among protective factors in childhood, ACEs (one or more vs. none), and tobacco use (smoking tobacco, e-cigarette use) in adulthood, including whether these relationships differed by race. Data were obtained from the 2016 South Carolina administration of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 7,014). Using stratified, multivariate logistic regression, the presence of an SSNR in childhood (whether participants’ basic needs were met and whether they felt safe and protected during childhood) was assessed as a potential moderator of the association between ACEs (one or more vs. none) and smoking tobacco or e-cigarettes stratified by race (Black and White). Control variables included sex, age, educational attainment, and income. Statistically significant moderating effects of an SSNR was present for White adults only: The relationship between ACEs and risk behaviors was weakened when an SSNR was present in childhood. Although SSNRs appear to prevent some risk behavior consequences from ACEs among some groups, additional research is needed to understand their potential utility across population subgroups.
‘We didn’t have time to sit still and be scared’: A postcolonial feminist geographic reading of ‘An other geography’
Authors: Faria Caroline , Mollett Sharlene
Published: January 2020

In this article, we respond to Oswin’s ‘An other geography’ from a feminist postcolonial geographic perspective. We make three interventions. First, we decenter Euro-American Anglo geography spatially, insisting that we situate it in place, and are attentive to spatial, temporal, relational, and overlapping margins and centers. Second, we call for a more embodied account, recognizing the intimate is a lens onto and a site for the reproduction of spatial oppression and resistance. Last, we call for a reckoning with whiteness, a more sustained interrogation of its work both in spaces of domination and at the margins. A feminist postcolonial geographic assertion gives us perspective. It makes visible the situated and varied experiences of elided scholar-subjects in the Global South, and those otherwise marginal to the hegemonies of both Euro-American Anglo geography and its critics. And, in doing so, it forges new contours of connection, offering us more inclusive, complex, and disruptive opportunities for solidarity.
Against colonial grounds: Geography on Indigenous lands
Authors: Curley Andrew , Smith Sara
Published: January 2020

In this response to Natalie Oswin’s provocation, ‘An other geography’, we consider how we might work against settler narratives and structures from our situated positions in the discipline and in a specific academic institution in the US South. Following Diné student Majerle Lister, we ask what it would mean to consider giving the land back: what does that entail? The academic institutions we inhabit were built to insure white futurity, on fictive histories. Can they be retrofitted in the present to enable the futurity of Indigenous people and theorizations? Can we turn our discipline’s history of erasure inside out, to center the land, people, and practices that were both crucial to and absent from it except as shadowy and metaphorical presences? We draw on our own teaching, and from scholarship in Indigenous and Black Studies, to consider what it might look like to return land and reconfigure relations among those who have been cast aside by white patriarchal settler structures, but in incommensurate ways.
A Critical Analysis of Education for Sustainability in Early Childhood Curriculum Documents in China and Norway
Authors: Li Minyi , Zhang Yulin , Yuan Lehan , Birkeland Åsta
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

This article examines how early childhood curriculum documents in two culturally different contexts are associated with current concepts of sustainability and principles of early childhood education for sustainability (ECEfS) in China and Norway.

Design/Approach/Methods:

Applying critical document analysis, the study explores a number of landmark curriculum documents from China and Norway, comparing the ways in which ECEfS is conceptualized, including the concept of sustainability, children as agents of change for sustainability, and sustainability in young children’s everyday lives.

Findings:

Corresponding to the analytical framework, China and Norway attach different importance to the three dimensions of sustainability—social-cultural, economic, and environmental. For example, Norway has a more autonomous view of children’s agency, while China gives more emphasis to teachers’ support. The two countries also have different perspectives on how to work with families and communities based on significantly different traditions and institutions. The comparative document analysis argues that predominant cultural dimensions in each context, such as collectivist and individualistic factors, may shape the understandings of sustainability in each country’s early years’ curriculum documents.

Originality/Values:

By broadening the focus on the social-cultural aspects of sustainability, this study extends the development of a culturally inclusive understanding of the concept of sustainability and contextualized/localized approaches to ECEfS across the globe.
Effect of sedation anesthesia on kinesiophobia and early outcomes after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Degirmenci Erdem , Ozturan Kutay Engin , Kaya Yasin Emre , Akkaya Akcan , Yucel İstemi
Published: January 2020

Background:

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) operation is an effective treatment method in severe osteoarthritis worldwide. However, the number of patients with chronic pain and functional limitations in the postoperative period will continue to increase. Kinesiphobia is an important factor that affects the functional outcomes postoperatively. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of intraoperative consciousness of the patients during surgery on kinesiophobia development and early functional outcomes of TKA.

Methods:

Sixty patients with the diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis were enrolled in the study. Tampa Scale of Kinesiophabia (TSK) was obtained for each patient at multiple time periods. Regional anaesthesia and deep sedation were performed on group 1 ( n = 30), while regional anaesthesia and light sedation were performed on group 2 ( n = 30). The same surgical procedures were applied to all participants. Functional tests were performed on the patients at the postoperative 2nd and 5th days. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores and knee flexion angles were also measured postoperatively.

Results:

The mean age of the participants (19 men (31.7%) and 41women (68.3%)) was 67.7 ± 6.7 (54–82) years. TSK ≥ 40 was detected in 18 (30%) patients preoperatively and 33 patients (55%) postoperatively. The number of kinesiophobic patients showed statistically significant increase after operation (20/30 (66.7%)) according to preoperative period (9/30 (30%)) in group 2 ( p = 0.003). Postoperative functional scores, knee flexion angles and VAS scores were better in non-kinesiophobic patients. Conclusion: Patient’s consciousness during TKA operations is an important factor that interferes with the postoperative kinesiophobia development, which may play a pivotal role affecting the early mobility and functional outcomes.
Moving Beyond Abstract Typologies? Overview of State and State-Corporate Crime
Authors: Rothe Dawn L.
Published: January 2020

The core focus of politicians, citizens, and the majority of criminologists continues to be on the most banal forms of lawbreaking street crimes. Yet state crimes occur vastly more often and are portentously harmful and costly—socially, politically, economically, culturally, and environmentally. As such, I suggest having a foundation for understanding and identifying what are often hidden “crimes” is as pertinent, if not more so today, as we continue to hear daily of atrocities, antitrust violations, tainted products, collusion, price gouging, crimes against humanity, human rights violations, to name just a few, by states and corporations. In addition, the topics covered in this special issue should not be seen as distinct, but rather as part of the overall broader system of power, neoliberalism, and the perpetuation of the inept status quo.
ICHD-3 is significantly more specific than ICHD-3 beta for diagnosis of migraine with aura and with typical aura
Authors: Göbel Carl H. , Karstedt Sarah C. , Münte Thomas F. , Göbel Hartmut , Wolfrum Sebastian , Lebedeva Elena R. , Olesen Jes , Royl Georg
Published: January 2020

Background

In the emergency room, distinguishing between a migraine with aura and a transient ischemic attack (TIA) is often not straightforward and mistakes can be harmful to both the patient and to society. To account for this difficulty, the third edition of the International Classification of Headache disorders (ICHD-3) changed the diagnostic criteria of migraine with aura.

Methods

One hundred twenty-eight patients referred to the emergency room at the University Hospital of Lübeck, Germany with a suspected TIA were prospectively interviewed about their symptoms leading to admission shortly after initial presentation. The diagnosis that resulted from applying the ICHD-3 and ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria was compared to the diagnosis made independently by the treating physicians performing the usual diagnostic work-up.

Results

The new ICHD-3 diagnostic criteria for migraine with aura and migraine with typical aura display an excellent specificity (96 and 98% respectively), and are significantly more specific than the previous ICHD-3 beta classification system when it comes to diagnosing a first single attack (probable migraine with aura and probable migraine with typical aura).

Conclusions

The ICHD-3 is a highly useful tool for the clinical neurologist in order to distinguish between a migraine with aura and a TIA, already at the first point of patient contact, such as in the emergency department or a TIA clinic.
Anti-masculinization induced by aromatase inhibitors in adult female zebrafish
Authors: Chen Lu , Wang Li , Cheng Qiwei , Tu Yi-Xuan , Yang Zhuang , Li Run-Ze , Luo Zhi-Hui , Chen Zhen-Xia
Published: January 2020

Background

Early sex differentiation genes of zebrafish remain an unsolved mystery due to the difficulty to distinguish the sex of juvenile zebrafish. However, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) could direct juvenile zebrafish sex differentiation to male and even induce ovary-to-testis reversal in adult zebrafish.

Results

In order to determine the transcriptomic changes of sex differentiation in juvenile zebrafish and early sex-reversal in adult zebrafish, we sequenced the transcriptomes of juvenile and adult zebrafish treated with AI exemestane (EM) for 32 days, when juvenile zebrafish sex differentiation finished. EM treatment in females up-regulated the expression of genes involved in estrogen metabolic process, female gamete generation and oogenesis, includinggsdf,macf1aandpaqr5a, while down-regulated the expression of vitellogenin (vtg) genes, includingvtg6,vtg2,vtg4, andvtg7due to the lower level of Estradiol (E2). Furthermore, EM-juveniles showed up-regulation in genes related to cell death and apoptosis, such asbcl2l16andanax1c,while the control-juveniles exhibited up-regulation of genes involved in positive regulation of reproductive process and oocyte differentiation such aszar1andzpcx. Moreover, EM-females showed higher enrichment than control females in genes involved in VEGF signaling pathway, glycosaminoglycan degradation, hedgehog signaling pathway, GnRH signaling pathway and steroid hormone biosynthesis.

Conclusions

Our study shows anti-masculinization in EM-treated adult females but not in EM-treated juveniles. This may be responsible for the lower sex plasticity in adults than juveniles.
Intraoperative changes in whole-blood viscosity in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy in the steep Trendelenburg position with pneumoperitoneum: a prospective nonrandomized observational cohort study
Authors: Shim Jung-Woo , Moon Hyun Kyung , Park Yong Hyun , Park Misun , Park Jaesik , Lee Hyung Mook , Kim Yong-Suk , Moon Young Eun , Hong Sang Hyun , Chae Min Suk
Published: January 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the steep Trendelenburg position (STP) with pneumoperitoneum on whole-blood viscosity (WBV) in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). The study also analyzed the associations of clinical patient-specific and time-dependent variables with WBV and recorded postoperative outcomes.

Methods

Fifty-eight adult male patients (ASA physical status of I or II) undergoing elective RALP were prospectively analyzed in this study. WBV was intraoperatively measured three times: at the beginning of surgery in the supine position without pneumoperitoneum; after 30 min in the STP with pneumoperitoneum; and at the end of surgery in the supine position without pneumoperitoneum. The WBV at a high shear rate (300 s− 1) was recorded as systolic blood viscosity (SBV) and that at a low shear rate (5 s− 1) was recorded as diastolic blood viscosity (DBV). Systolic blood hyperviscosity was defined as > 13.0 cP at 300 s− 1 and diastolic blood hyperviscosity was defined as > 4.1 cP at 5 s− 1.

Results

The WBV and incidences of systolic and diastolic blood hyperviscosity significantly increased from the supine position without pneumoperitoneum to the STP with pneumoperitoneum. When RALP was performed in the STP with pneumoperitoneum, 12 patients (27.3%) who had normal SBV at the beginning of surgery and 11 patients (26.8%) who had normal DBV at the beginning of surgery developed new systolic and diastolic blood hyperviscosity, respectively. The degree of increase in WBV after positioning with the STP and pneumoperitoneum was higher in the patients with hyperviscosity than in those without hyperviscosity at the beginning of surgery. Higher preoperative body mass index (BMI) and hematocrit level were associated with the development of both systolic and diastolic blood hyperviscosity in the STP with pneumoperitoneum. All patients were postoperatively discharged without fatal complications.

Conclusions

Changes in surgical position may influence WBV, and higher preoperative BMI and hematocrit level are independent factors associated with the risk of hyperviscosity during RALP in the STP with pneumoperitoneum.

Trial registration

Clinical Research Information Service, Republic of Korea, approval number: KCT0003295 on October 25, 2018.
Advances in transcatheter mitral and tricuspid therapies
Authors: Overtchouk Pavel , Piazza Nicolo , Granada Juan , Soliman Osama , Prendergast Bernard , Modine Thomas
Published: January 2020

Background

While rheumatic mitral stenosis has been effectively treated percutaneously for more than 20 years, mitral and tricuspid regurgitation treatment appear as a contemporary unmet need. The advent of transcatheter therapies offer new treatment options to often elderly and frail patients at high risk for open surgery. We aimed at providing an updated review of fast-growing domain of transcatheter mitral and tricuspid technology.

Main body

We reviewed the existing literature on mitral and tricuspid transcatheter therapies. Mitraclip is becoming an established therapy for secondary mitral regurgitation in selected patients with disproportionately severe regurgitation associated with moderate left ventricle dysfunction. Evidence is less convincing for primary mitral regurgitation. Transcatheter mitral valve replacement is a promising emerging alternative to transcatheter repair, for secondary as well as primary mitral regurgitation. But further development is needed to improve delivery. Transcatheter tricuspid intervention arrives late after similar technologies have been developed for aortic and mitral valves and is currently at its infancy. This is likely due in part to previously under-recognized impact of tricuspid regurgitation on patient outcomes. Edge-to-edge repair is the most advanced transcatheter solution in development. Data on tricuspid annuloplasty and replacement is limited, and more research is warranted.

Conclusion

The future appears bright for transcatheter mitral therapies, albeit their place in clinical practice is yet to be clearly defined. Tricuspid transcatheter therapies might address the unmet need of tricuspid regurgitation treatment.
Emergency medical dispatch services across Pan-Asian countries: a web-based survey
Authors:   For the PAROS Clinical Research Network, Lee Shawn Chieh Loong , Mao Desmond Renhao , Ng Yih Yng , Leong Benjamin Sieu-Hon , Supasaovapak Jirapong , Gaerlan Faith Joan , Son Do Ngoc , Chia Boon Yang , Do Shin Sang , Lin Chih-Hao , Rao G. V. Ramana , Hara Takahiro , Ong Marcus Eng Hock
Published: January 2020

Background

Dispatch services (DS’s) form an integral part of emergency medical service (EMS) systems. The role of a dispatcher has also evolved into a crucial link in patient care delivery, particularly in dispatcher assisted cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (DACPR) during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Yet, there has been a paucity of research into the emerging area of dispatch science in Asia. This paper compares the characteristics of DS’s, and state of implementation of DACPR within the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes (PAROS) network.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive survey addressing population characteristics, DS structures and levels of service, state of DACPR implementation (including protocols and quality improvement programs) among PAROS DS’s.

Results

9 DS’s responded, representing a total of 23 dispatch centres from 9 countries that serve over 80 million people. Most PAROS DS’s operate a tiered dispatch response, have implemented medical oversight, and tend to be staffed by dispatchers with a predominantly medical background. Almost all PAROS DS’s have begun tracking key EMS indicators. 77.8% (n = 7) of PAROS DS’s have introduced DACPR. Of the DS’s that have rolled out DACPR, 71.4% (n = 5) provided instructions in over one language. All DS’s that implemented DACPR and provided feedback to dispatchers offered feedback on missed OHCA recognition. The majority of DS’s (83.3%; n = 5) that offered DACPR and provided feedback to dispatchers also implemented corrective feedback, while 66.7% (n = 4) offered positive feedback. Compression-only CPR was the standard instruction for PAROS DS’s. OHCA recognition sensitivity varied widely in PAROS DS’s, ranging from 32.6% (95% CI: 29.9–35.5%) to 79.2% (95% CI: 72.9–84.4%). Median time to first compression ranged from 120 s to 220 s.

Conclusions

We found notable variations in characteristics and state of DACPR implementation between PAROS DS’s. These findings will lay the groundwork for future DS and DACPR studies in the PAROS network.