bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of EST-SSRs for European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and their transferability to Fagus orientalis Lipsky, Castanea dentata Bork., and Quercus rubra L.
Authors: Burger Katrin , Müller Markus , Gailing Oliver
Published: January 2019

Due to ongoing climate change, forests are exposed to changing environmental conditions, such as increasing temperatures and lower precipitation, to which trees have to adapt. Successful adaptation to changing and variable environments requires sufficient genetic variation within tree populations. Knowledge of the genetic variation of trees is therefore essential, as it provides information for the long-term conservation, stability and productivity of forests. The genetic variation of a species can be analysed with molecular markers. Despite growing genomic and genetic resources for European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), which is one of the economically and ecologically most important forest tree species in Central Europe, the number of molecular markers for population genetic analyses is still limited. Therefore, the aim of the work is the development of new EST-SSR markers for this species. A total of 72 DNA samples of European beech from three widely separated regions in Germany were used to test 41 primers for variation and polymorphism, 35 of which were originally developed for American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and 6 for red oak (Quercus rubra L.). Fifteen of the primers were polymorphic, 13 monomorphic and 13 did not amplify. In addition, the transferability of the markers was successfully tested in the related species Castanea dentata Bork., Fagus orientalis Lipsky and Q. rubra. The EST-SSR markers tested in this study will be useful for future population genetic analyses and extend the set of available markers in European beech.
Etlik Piliçlerin Beslenmesinde Antimikrobiyal Peptidlerin Kullanımı
Authors: Özcan Mehmet Akif , Gülüm Levent , Midilli Mustafa , Gören Muhammet
Published: January 2019

Kanatlı hayvanların beslenmesinde yemlere büyütme faktörü olarak katılan antibiyotiklerin yasaklanması ile antibiyotiklere alternatif olabilecek yem katkıları araştırılmıştır. Probiyotikler, Prebiyotikler, Organik asitler ve bitkisel ekstraktların yanı sıra antimikrobiyal peptidlerin de antibiyotiklere alternatif olabileceği üzerinde durulmaya başlanmıştır. Antimikrobiyal peptidler; bakteriler, böcekler, amfibiler ve memelilerce sentezlenebilmekle birlikte kimyasal sentez yoluyla da üretilebilmektedir. Özellikle doğal antimikrobiyal özellikleri ve mikroorganizmalara direnç oluşturma eğilimlerinin düşük olması antibiyotiklere iyi bir alternatif olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Sadece bakterilere karşı değil, mantarlara ve virüslere karşı da etkili olduğu bildirilmektedir. Domuz ve etlik civcivlerle yapılan çalışmalarda büyüme performansı, besin maddesi sindirilebilirliği, immun sistem, bağırsak morfolojisi ve bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerine yararlı etkileri saptanmıştır. Antimikrobiyal peptidler 12-60 aminoasitten oluşan küçük biyolojik moleküllerdir (
Determination of Molybdenum Contents and Relation of Some Heavy Metals in the Soil of Meadow-Pasture Terraces Between Kırıkhan-Reyhanlı
Authors: Yalçın Mehmet , Çimrin Kerim Mesut
Published: January 2019

This study was aimed to determine the molybdenum content of meadow - pasture soil between Kırıkhan and Reyhanlı in Hatay province and to determine the relations of the molybdenum content with some heavy metals in the soil. For this purpose, two different depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) representing grassland pasture lands and 80 soil samples from 40 different points were taken. Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), and Molybdenum (Mo) contents were determined in the soil samples. The contents of the available Cd, Co, Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni and Mo of the soil were determined by reading the 0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCl2 + 0.1 M TEA extracts in the ICP instrument. The results of the research shows that the Cd contents of the soils are between 0.01-0.32 ppm; Co contents are from 0.01 to 4.97 ppm; Ni contents 0.00 to 20.00 ppm; Pb contents 3.00-67.00 ppm; Cu contents 0.26-7.48 ppm; The Fe contents are between 4.00 and 61.00 and the Mo contents are between 0.001 and 0.064 ppm. It was determined that there are significant positive relationships between Co, Ni, Pb, Cu and Fe contents of Mo in the soil. It was also determined that there are significant positive significant relationships between Cd and Co; Co with Ni, Pb, Fe and Pb and Cu, Fe and Cu and Fe. No heavy metal pollution was found when the heavy metal contents of the regional soils were compared with the limit values.
Buğdaygil ve Baklagil -Buğdaygil Karışımı Meraların Süt İneklerinin Verim Performansı ve Sütün Bileşimine Etkileri
Authors: Kılıçalp Numan , Avcı Mustafa , Hızlı Hatice , Hatipoğlu Rüştü
Published: January 2019

Bu araştırma, Domuz ayrığı (Dactylis glomerata, Pizza, DA), İngiliz çimi (Lolium perenne, Bastion, İÇ) ve Ak üçgül (Trifolium repens, Huia, AÜ) karışımları ile tesis edilen 3 farklı meranın (İÇ, İÇAÜ ve DAAÜ) kuru ot verimi, kimyasal kompozisyonu, süt ineklerinde süt verimi ve sütün kompozisyonuna etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. İki yıl yürütülen bu araştırmada otlatma denemesi, dönüşümlü deneme düzenine göre yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, her biri 30 günden (8 gün alıştırma ve 22 gün esas dönem) oluşan iki dönemde toplam 6 baş Siyah-Alaca inek (2. laktasyonda ve ortalama 520±26 kg canlı ağırlığında) kullanılmıştır. Hayvanların süt verimi her dönemin birbirini takip eden son beş gününde, sütün besin madde kompozisyonu (kuru madde, yağ ve protein içeriği) ise son üç günü alınan örneklerde tespit edilmiştir. İÇAÜ merasından elde edilen otların asit çözücüde çözünmeyen lif (ADF) içeriği, diğer iki meradan elde edilenlerinkinden daha düşük bulunurken, Net Enerji Laktasyon (NEL) içeriği, birinci yıl, birinci otlatma döneminde, daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, incelenen meraların süt verimine etkisi önemsiz, ancak birinci yılda süt protein verimine, ikinci yılda ise süt yağı ve süt kuru maddesine etkilerinin önemli olduğu bulunmuştur. Otlatma döneminin birinci yılında, süt verimi, süt yağı verimi ve protein verimine etkisi ise önemli bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, bu çalışma şartları altınında meranın botanik kompozisyonunun sütün miktar ve bileşimi üzerine etkisinin olmadığı ancak, vejetasyon döneminin ilerlemesiyle süt veriminin düştüğü görülmüştür.
TRANSFER TEKNOLOGI SAMBUNG MENGGUNAKAN ANAKAN (Root-sucker) SEBAGAI BATANG BAWAH UNTUK PROPAGASI TANAMAN KESEMEK DI BATU BAGIRIEK ALAHAN PANJANG
Authors: Hayati P.K. Dewi , Sutoyo Sutoyo , Herawati Netti , Suliansyah Irfan , Marta Nini , Kuswandi Kuswandi
Published: January 2019

Persimmon, kesemek, buah kaki atau manggih hutan dalam bahasa minang adalah berbagai sebutan untuk buah yang dihasilkan oleh tanaman pohon  Diospyros kaki Thunb.  Buah kesemek mengandung berbagai nutrisi penting, anti toksik dan bahkan anti kanker. Kesemek merupakan tanaman sub tropika sehingga di Indonesia kesemek hanya beradaptasi pada ketinggian ± 1400 mdpl, seperti Alahan Panjang. Petani biasanya menggunakan anakan untuk perbanyakan, namun akibatnya tanaman membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk berbuah, lebih dari 8 tahun. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mentransfer teknologi sambung pucuk menggunakan anakan (root-sucker) sebagai batang bawah (root-stock) sebagai upaya untuk mendapatkan perbanyakan kesemek secara cepat dan tanaman cepat berbuah. Mitra kegiatan ini adalah kelompok tani Harapan Baru yang berada di Batu Bagiriek Alahan Panjang Kabupaten Solok, Sumatera Barat dari bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2016. Metode kegiatan meliputi penyuluhan, demonstrasi dan pelatihan grafting. Hasil kegiatan adalah petani meningkat pengetahuannya tentang manfaat buah kesemek, teknik budidaya dan pasca panen serta mampu melakukan grafting atau penyambungan pada kesemek menggunakan root-sucker (anakan) sebagai batang bawah. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistika menggunakan analisis Likert, kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan memiliki nilai indeks 92, menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan yang dilakukan bermanfaat atau berhasil mentransfer pengetahuan dan juga keterampilan kepada petani.
TEKNOLOGI PEMBUATAN KOMPOS KOTORAN SAPI SIMENTAL DENGAN PENGGUNAAN TITHONIA (Thitonia diversifolia) DAN MOL REBUNG PADA KELOMPOK TANI TERNAK
Authors: Rakhmadi Ade , Allismawita Allismawita , Juliyarsi Indri
Published: January 2019

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bersifat penyuluhan. Dengan mengambil judul : Penyuluhan Penambahan Tithonia (Thitonia diversifolia) dan MOL Rebung Pada Pembuatan Kompos Kotoran Sapi Simental Kelompok Tani Ternak Di-Kanagarian Koto Baru Kecamatan Sungai Tarab Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Penyuluhan ini dilatarbelakangi kesulitan petani peternak di-Kanagarian Koto Baru dalam memperoleh pupuk. Disamping harganya yang mahal pupuk juga sulit untuk didapatkan.Maka dari latarbelakang itu masyarakat ingin berubah dari membeli pupuk anorganik ke pupuk organik seperti kompos. Kompos merupakan pupuk organik yang mudah didapatkan. Dalam pembuatannya membutuhkan waktu 4-6 bulan.Hal ini dapat dipersingkat dengan pemakaian starter kompos seperti EM4 dan stardex.Akan tetapi starter kompos ini berharga mahal dan sulit didapatkan. Untuk itu maka MOL (Mikro Organisme Lokal) Rebung dapat menggantikan starter yang mahal. Selain harga yang murah, MOL Rebung ini mudah dibiakkan. Kotoran sapi Simmental merupakan bahan baku pembuatan pupuk kompos. Akan tetapi masih mempunyai unsur hara yang rendah.Untuk itu ditambahkan tithonia sebagai penambah unsur haranya.Penyuluhan di Kanagarian Koto Baru mendapat antusias yang besar dari masyarakat, karena masyarakat sangat membutuhkan pupuk kompos. Dalam penyuluhan masyarakat diajarkan dalam memperbanyak starter MOL dari Rebung. Perbanyakan starter ini menggunakan rebung, gula merah dan air cucian beras sebagai medianya.
KEGIATAN COMMUNITY OUTREACH PADA BIOKONSERVASI DI BIDANG SAINS
Authors: Janra Muhammad Nazri
Published: January 2019

Kegiatan Community Outreach (CO) adalah salah satu objek pembelajaran di dalam praktikum Biokonservasi (BIO 4012) yang baru saja ditambahkan ke dalam materi praktikum sejak tiga tahun yang lalu. Praktikum ini dilakukan oleh mahasiswa semester 5 di Jurusan Biologi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Andalas. Tulisan ini menganalisa secara deskriptif pelaksanaan kegiatan CO ini sebagai salah satu bentuk kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilaksanakan secara mandiri pada tingkat jurusan. Analisa dilakukan pada pelaksanakan kegiatan CO yang ketiga di tahun 2017 kemaren dengan membandingkan antara proposal dan laporan kegiatan yang diberikan oleh mahasiswa, serta dilengkapi dengan data yang diperoleh melalui Focus Group Discussion dengan kelompok yang telah selesai melaksanakan kegiatan CO-nya masing-masing. Kegiatan CO tahun 2017 mengangkat tema konservasi dan aplikasi ilmu biologi dengan menargetkan kelompok masyarakat dan siswa sekolah dasar sampai menengah. Respon balik yang diberikan oleh kelompok target kegiatan menyatakan bahwa kegiatan ini  mampu melengkapi kekurangan aspek konservasi yang tidak terdapat di dalam kurikulum pembelajaran sekolah. Di samping itu, kegiatan ini berpotensi meningkatkan kesadaran akan perlindungan lingkungan pada masyarakat secara umum. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan keberlanjutan kegiatan ini di masa datang, dengan memperhatikan kekurangan-kekurangan dan kesulitan teknis yang mungkin terdapat dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan kali ini.
PENGARUH KINERJA PERBANKAN TERHADAP JUMLAH PENYALURAN KREDIT ATAU PEMBIAYAAN PADA BANK KONVENSIONAL DAN SYARIAH
Authors: Hasanah Yunita , Busneti Ida
Published: January 2019

The goal this research to analyze comparing of factors that influence credit distribution at PT. Bank DKI and finance at PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri. The variable that influence credit distribution is: Third Party Funds, NonPerforming Loan/NonPerforming Finance and Capital Adequacy Ratio.This research used secondary data quertaly during the period 2008-2015 at the case study PT. Bank DKI and PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri from Finance Annual Reports of each Bank. The Methodology used is multiple regression analyze. This research shows is Third Party Funds and Capital Adequacy Ratio significantly and positive influence for the credit distribution and financing. NonPerforming Loan/NonPerforming Finance has a negative and significant effect for credit distribution and financing.
ANALISIS STRUKTUR, KONSENTRASI, DAN EFISIENSI PASAR INDUSTRI TELEKOMUNIKASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Satria Zulfikar Adi , P Tri Kunawangsih
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine how the structure, market concentration and efficiency of the telecommunication industry in Indonesia. The analysis technique used in this research is Concentration Ratio (CR4) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Total revenue of the Indonesia telecommunication industry from 2010-2015 were used to calculate Concentration Ratio (CR4) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) are input and output, the input consists of total assets, debt and equity, the output consists of total revenue and gross profits. Based on the analysis results of Concentration Ratio (CR4) is quite of very high ranging from 98,17% - 99,67%, the market structure in property industry classified within a very high concentrated oligopoly. Results from Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in 2010-2015 there were 1 efficient company. As a result of an oligopoly market structure is very tight, then in the telecommunications industry is a lot to make improvements to network sharing and speed the delivery of messages, telephone, and internet as well as to achieve efficient company should refer to the telecommunications industry, which reached the maximum efficient level. In order to achieve an efficient level that has not been efficient, the company must conduct debt reduction, labor usage more efficient and increase product sales.
PENGARUH PENANAMAN MODAL ASING DAN TINGKAT DAYA SAING TERHADAP EKSPOR INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR INDONESIA
Authors: Soeharjoto Soeharjoto
Published: January 2019

Export manufacturing industry contributes to economic growth in Indonesia. The supporting element of the export manufacturing industry is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and competitiveness.  The purpose of this study is to prove whether foreign investment and the level of competitiveness as measured by Index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) affect the performance of Indonesia's manufacturing industry exports. As for the results of this research are using a multiple regression approach was FDI and RCA had a positive and significant effect against the export manufacturing industry in Indonesia.
A importância do ensino de história e cultura afro-brasileira no ensino fundamental
Authors: Araújo Leila Gonçalves Silva , Amaral Alessander Freitas do
Published: January 2019

A História e cultura afro-brasileira tornou-se um dos conteúdos cujo ensino é fundamental. Por meio de leis, a inclusão deste conteúdo se tornou obrigatório de modo interdisciplinar e passou a fazer parte dos livros didáticos. A contribuição dos africanos para a formação da cultura no Brasil abrange diversas áreas, desde músicas e danças até a culinária. O presente artigo buscou evidenciar a implementação do estudo da cultura e história afro-brasileira nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, demonstrando de que forma tal cultura está presente e influi nos costumes brasileiros. Além disso, foi analisada a importância deste ensino para a valorização do negro e a diminuição da prática do racismo em sala de aula. Este trabalho foi realizado por meio de revisão literária narrativa conceitual, buscando fontes em livros, artigos científicos, dissertação, jornais e revistas, de tal maneira que foram feitas as buscas em bibliotecas, bancos de dados e em sites da internet. Também foram realizadas consultas à Legislação Educacional Brasileira. Concluímos, então, que apesar de diversas conquistas para inclusão de tais conteúdos supracitados na educação, a luta para igualdade afro-brasileira ainda não acabou.
Psicotrópicos: Prescrições Médicas Dispensados em uma Drogaria no Município de Santa Inés - MA
Authors: Cazarotti Mauro Lúcio Batista , Lima Luciana Cruz , Miranda Aldiane Rodrigues , Sousa Erlenilce Oliveira de , Bispo Fernanda Cláudia Lima
Published: January 2019

A prescrição médica é uma ordem escrita por profissionais qualificados dirigida ao farmacêutico, designando como o fármaco deve ser dispensado ao paciente. Diante desse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as prescrições médicas de psicotrópicos dispensados em uma drogaria na cidade de Santa Inês-MA, aviadas durante os meses de janeiro a abril de 2018. Foram analisadas 1.954 prescrições, sendo que 1.364 prescrições eram da classe “C1” e 590 prescrições da classe “B1”. Foram observados aspectos essenciais preconizados pela Portaria 344/98, e aspectos como classe medicamentosa prescrita e especialidade médica, caracterizando um estudo do tipo documental, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. Destas 99,5% apresentavam a identificação do prescritor, 95,4% o nome completo do paciente, 93,4% não apresentavam o endereço do paciente. Pode-se observar que 94,2% apresentavam a concentração, 82,2% continham a forma farmacêutica, 96,9% referiam a quantidade de medicamento a ser utilizado. Sendo 78,35% dos medicamentos prescritos não estavam de acordo com a Denominação Comum Brasileira, o medicamento mais prescrito da lista “B1” foi o clonazepam (46%) e da lista “C1” foi a carbamazepina (16,6%). Observa-se a necessidade de que os profissionais prescritores atendam as instruções ou leis vigentes quanto às características para emissão da prescrição médica, favorecendo assim a interpretação e a dispensação correta do medicamento pelos farmacêuticos e o uso correto pelo paciente proporcionando melhor adesão ao tratamento.
A contribuição da sociolinguística para ao ensino de língua portuguesa
Authors: Cazarotti Mauro Lúcio Batista , Miranda Aldiane Rodrigues
Published: January 2019

O presente estudo delimita-se a apresentar reflexões sobre a importância da sociolinguística para contribuição para o ensino da língua portuguesa. O objetivo geral é a análise das reflexões sobre o tema e fundamentar sua importância e contribuição para língua portuguesa. Os objetivos específicos remetem a concepção da língua portuguesa, identificação de um caminho mais produtivo na aresta portuguesa de ensino, sua importância e a análise do professor de língua portuguesa. Justifica-se pela relevância do estudo na necessidade de responder como a sociolinguística é benéfica ou não á educação, especificamente na disciplina de língua portuguesa. Esta pesquisa bibliográfica teve como aporte autores como Lima e Mioto (2007). Durante os levantamentos o estudo foi colaborado com trabalhos de Bagno (2003; 2007), Bortoni-Ricardo (2005; 2009; 2011), Lobov (1969; 1972) e outros autores. Conclui-se que é importante que os professores de uma forma geral tenham maior acesso aos conhecimentos fornecidos pela abordagem sociolingüística do ensino da língua materna, de modo a possibilitar aos seus alunos uma aprendizagem mais efetiva da língua padrão falada e escrita, sem desvalorizar ou negar sua linguagem espontânea. Essa visão se justifica uma vez que a linguagem constitui um dos mais poderosos instrumentos de ação e transformação social, sendo a aquisição da norma-padrão fundamental para o exercício da cidadania.
Trajetórias e desafios da disciplina de sociologia
Authors: Sousa Cícera Poliana Alves de , Aguiar Deisy Moura Rodrigues , Miranda Edla Borges Marinho de , Silva Valdicléia Pereira da
Published: January 2019

O presente estudo tem como objetivo discutir a trajetória da disciplina de sociologia, tendo em vista que a sociologia e marcada pelas idas e vindas no currículo da educação básica. A sociologia proporciona ao individuo entender as relações sociais, os grupos sociais, ou seja, formar cidadãos mais conscientes dos acontecimentos que surge na sociedade. Para tanto se buscou percorrer a trajetória do ensino de sociologia com suas diversas inserções e retiradas do currículo, bem como as mudanças na lei e por fim apresentam os principais desafios, perspectivas atuais e futuras para a sociologia escolar brasileira. Para a realização desse estudo optou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica e partimos de estudos de Amaury César Morais, Mário Bispo dos Santos dentre ouros autores. Com tudo, com o resultado do estudo conclui-se que mesmo diante dos desafios apresentados a disciplina de sociologia escolar brasileira encontra-se num momento, talvez como um divisor de águas e caberá a pressão junto às secretarias para o aumento das aulas semanais de sociologia, e profissionais formados exigirem a presença de um professor formado na área ministrando os conteúdos.
Vedamento Parcial de Fissura Labiopalatina Utilizando Placa Obturadora em Resina Acrílica: Relato de Caso
Authors: Silva Lucas Dias , Souza Stephanny Amorim de , Silva Clélia Alice Tourinho de Melo e , Amaral Thomas Anderson Santos do , Costa Sâmia Caldas da , Vilhena Amujacy Tavares , Carvalho Lorena Costa de , Dias Josué Henrique Oeiras , Vasconcelos Alessandra Silva de
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: Relatar um caso de vedamento parcial de fissura labiopalatina utilizando placa obturadora em resina acrílica. Detalhamento do caso: Paciente de 30 anos, procurou o setor de atendimento ao paciente com necessidade especial da clínica odontológica do Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, queixando-se de problemas estéticos e relatando que líquidos da cavidade oral extravasavam para a cavidade nasal. Como proposta de tratamento, foi sugerido uma placa obturadora em resina acrílica. Esta proposta terapêutica mostra-se eficiente para estes casos, mostrando a importância que o cirurgião-dentista tem em atentar-se para um exame clínico eficaz, além de um correto diagnóstico. Discussão: Para os pacientes acometidos, o procedimento cirúrgico, além de uma solução, acaba sendo um desafio não apenas estético, mas também funcional, psicológico e cognitivo. As próteses obturadoras bloqueiam fendas do palato duro e comandam os mesmos princípios das próteses convencionais, promovem estabilidade, retenção e suporte. Para uma eficaz reabilitação de indivíduos com FLP, é necessária uma equipe multidisciplinar, envolvendo as áreas médica e odontológica, além de inclusão da fonoaudiologia, serviço social, enfermagem e psicologia.
“The last battayle is atte hande”: Conceptions of Death in Renaissance Italy
Authors: Coia Lucas Corrado
Published: January 2019

The decades after the Black Death saw a transformation in death practice in Italy. As the experience of the plague prompted renewed anxiety toward the afterlife, a new 'strategy for eternity' marked by a cult of remembrance took shape. This new focus on the individual in death has often been seen in tandem with the purported rise in individualism beginning with the spread of humanism. This paper complicates this narrative through a detailed analysis of contemporary death practice from the perspective of the 'public' and 'private'. It draws primarily from evidence found in Boccaccio’s Decameron and Johann Burchard’s account of Pope Alexander VI’s death. Through careful analysis it is demonstrated that death, while subject to seemingly individualizing forces remained simultaneously a concern of society at large. In a time and place where the ‘public’ and ‘private’ overlapped considerably, it would therefore be hazardous to argue that Renaissance Italians simply rejected the role of the community in something as universal as death.
Early Modern Midwives: Carving a Path in the Male-Dominated Field of Medicine
Authors: Bedic Rachel
Published: January 2019

The field of Medicine in the early Modern period was primarily male-dominated. Women in the Early Modern era were faced with numerous challenges when pursuing a career in the medical field, due to not only their gender, but also the limitations they faced when obtaining formalized medical training. Due to their natural knowledge, women in the Early Modern period were able to thrive in the medical field as midwives despite having their authority constantly undermined by male authorities such as the Church and male physicians. Although female midwives lacked the formal education their male contemporaries received, their informal natural knowledge of the female body helped them thrive in a male-dominated field of medicine.GRADE RECEIVED: 85%PROFESSOR: Dr. Rose
Vietnamese Farmers That Changed the World: The Impact of the Vietnam War on the Cold War
Authors: Martignago Michael David
Published: January 2019

The Vietnam War was the quintessential Cold War conflict between the United States and the Sino-Soviet supplied, nationalistic North Vietnamese. This war saw the world’s most wealthiest and dominant military force suffer a long, drawn out defeat to a poverty-stricken society of farmers, armed with nothing but an unyielding nationalism and outdated weaponry. This paper examines the United States’ involvement in Vietnam throughout the Vietnam War and also explores the ways in which the Vietnam War affected the Cold War. Beginning with President Harry S. Truman in 1945 and ending with President Gerald Ford in 1975, this paper examines the motivations behind each of the six United States Presidential Administrations during the Vietnam War and gives an in-depth explanation for the crucial decisions that were made by the United States Government over the course of the war. The effect that these foreign policy decisions and directives had on the Cold War atmosphere is also heavily analyzed. The faults and failures of the United States that led to their humiliating defeat in Vietnam consequently altered the Cold War atmosphere. In order to fully understand the Cold War, it is necessary to understand the Vietnam War and its impact on United States foreign policy.
The Trials and Significance of Nazi War Criminals and Collaborators in France
Authors: Marshall Gabrielle
Published: January 2019

Following the trials of Nazi war criminals and collaborators that transpired immediately after World War II, decades passed before the trials of Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie and French collaborators Rene Bousquet and Maurice Papon. While the reason for the delayed trials differed in cause, the relevance of the trials is connected in their allowance for the resurrected testimony of survivors of German occupation and the subsequent holocaust. While the trials of Barbie, Bousquet, and Papon occurred long after the initial wave of post war convictions, their significance is compounded by the emergence of occupation and holocaust survivors that create a legal and historical record of the horrors of the Nazi regime and the function of French collaboration in its execution.
Enemies Within or Without Enemies: “Enemy Aliens” and Internment in Canada during the Second World War
Authors: Clark Jessica P. , Nowicki Tricia
Published: January 2019

Tricia Nowicki (1985 – 2017) took two classes with me, but she taught me more than I taught her. Being in a mechanized wheelchair, she was a notable presence in the classroom. What really made Tricia stand out, though, was her powerfully articulate presence in seminar. For any who imagined a small woman in a mechanized wheelchair to need polite support and gentle handling, Tricia quickly put such notions to rest. She was fearless and suffered no fools. She spoke directly to issues, highlighting debates, pulling at evidence, ably comparing perspectives, and tackling debate with gusto. Her strength and intelligence stood out far more than any wheelchair.The following essay was from her second-year course with Professor Maureen Lux. It's not a research essay, but rather an exercise in historiography - that is, the history of what is written about a particular subject. One of the great challenges history students face is making sense of complex debates in history, not simply what happened but different interpretations of what happened and what meaning we take from it. This essay looks at four different historians all addressing the same story: the internment of "enemy aliens" - people born in or ethnically identified with the enemy countries of Germany, Italy, or Japan during the Second World War. While the basics of the story are agreed upon, each historian has a different assessment of why and how the Canadian government detained these people, whether and how it was justified, and what meaning we should take of this important moment in our country's history. Tricia's essay takes us through each essay, examines their evidence, assessing not only what is said, but also situating the political and ethical dimensions of the story. She understood the disciplinary issues of being a historian; she understood the ethical importance of this story and the debate around it. She was a fine historian.- Dr. Daniel Samson
CYBER INSURANCE AT USF
Authors: Agrawal Manish , Shivendu Shivendu
Published: January 2019

Alex Campoe, Director for Information Security at the University of South Florida, had just come out from a meeting with the CIO of the University, and this thought summed up the CIO’s opinion. While Alex had heard of the term cyber insurance, this was the first time he had actually been compelled to think seriously about it. Until now, he had not considered the possibility that he might actually negotiate the terms of such a policy. There had not been any significant cyber incident at USF, and by all accounts, the IT team at USF did a fine job. Besides, he had always assumed that as a state institution, he had the backing of the State of Florida in case a severe cyber-incident were to affect USF. So, the possibility that the leadership at USF might seriously consider paying for a cyber insurance policy had not occurred to him until his CIO actually brought it up that morning.

To be clear, Alex’s CIO had not pushed him into deciding in favor of going ahead with a cyber insurance policy. He had only been asked to consider the utility of such a policy for the institution. Alex was confident that he enjoyed his CIO’s trust, so that his recommendations would be taken very seriously. And though this was a new domain for him, Alex wanted to make sure he had considered all relevant issues before making his recommendation. First, there was the issue of what exactly was a cyber insurance policy. What did it cover? What did it leave out? What obligations did it place on him as the Director of Information Security at USF? Second, was the issue of the costs of such a policy. Even if cyber insurance was useful, would it still be worth the costs? There were many buildings on campus running hardware that was purchased over 30 years ago, which had not been supported by their manufacturers for over 10 years. Upgrades to such obsolete equipment were being put off year after year due to lack of funds. In this environment, would USF still consider it a good decision to invest in such a policy if it made no claims for many years? Given that this kind of insurance policy was still new to the market, were there some examples of organizations that had bought this kind of insurance, and if so, what was their experience?

While cyber insurance seemed unlikely to be budgeted in the short run at USF, Alex could clearly see that businesses were taking it seriously. Such business innovations were not common, and Alex was eager to be the subject matter expert in this emergent domain, when presented the opportunity. Yes, he was going to learn enough about cyber insurance to be able to make an informed recommendation to his CIO next week.
DO THE CLOUDS REALLY HAVE LIMITS?
Authors: Collier Shane
Published: January 2019

Shane Collier, founder of Consolidated Reality, LLC (CReal) considered this proposition as he contemplated a potential venture with Beyond the Psy (BtP) which involved moving high-value, sensitive content to the cloud. With an extensive technical and business background, he grew to appreciate the value of cloud computing, along with its impact on business. To be leveraged correctly, you had to do more than simply migrate your existing infrastructure to the Cloud, or build a traditional application as a Cloud based solution--you had to innovate. Moreover, to leverage the cloud globally, you had to understand culture and its impact on security.
Beyond the Psy (BtP), founded more that twenty-five years before the time of the case, faced a challenging environment. Current business was excellent, exceeding two hundred and fifty million dollars annually, but was constrained by space, location, and staff. Closely aligned with the new age movement, competition was emerging everywhere. Though an established brand, BtP could be superseded by newer, more aggressive organizations, often with more flash than substance. How could BtP defend and expand its business while protecting its intellectual property?

CReal put an attractive option on the desk of Dave Conseen, Director of Technology at BtP. The objective was to recreate, using cloud computing, the experience of attending a program at the organization’s physical facility. If done properly, BtP could become a billion-dollar a year operation.

The proposed project presented a number of risks to both parties. Consolidated Reality, LLC was small; this project could only be achieved by drawing staff and resources from other opportunities. A failure could threaten the company. Counteracting these risks was the potential to expand globally, while providing self-funding for future expansion. For BtP, there was the obvious financial risk; however, that was the lesser risk. Of far greater concern was the fact that many of BtP’s clientele were high profile individuals whose participation at BtP, if leaked to the public, could end careers. In addition, BtP’s key assets were the propriety media and other program materials that would be distributed more broadly under the proposal. Internationally, both the concepts of privacy and ownership were subject to the interpretation of the cultures in which the programs were hosted. What would happen when these programs moved beyond U.S. jurisdiction?
MULTI-FACTOR AUTHENTICATION AT JAGGED PEAK
Authors: Gill Grandon , Jones Joni
Published: January 2019

Jeffrey Stiles pondered these seemingly straightforward questions. As IT Director of Jagged Peak, Inc., a developer of e-commerce solutions located in the Tampa Bay region of Florida, it would be his responsibility to oversee the implementation of security measures that went beyond the existing user name and password currently required for each user. Recent events suggested that a move towards increased security might be inevitable. In just the past year, highly publicized security failures at the U.S. Department of Defense, major healthcare providers and large companies, such as Sony and JP Morgan Chase, had made executives acutely aware of the adverse consequences of IT system vulnerabilities. In fact, a study of business risk managers conducted in 2014 found that 69% of all businesses had experienced some level of hacking in the previous year.

The nature of Jagged Peak’s business made the security of its systems a particular concern. The company, which had grown rapidly over the years, reporting over $61 million in revenue in 2014, provided its customers with software that supported web-based ordering, fulfillment and logistics activities, built around a philosophy of “buy anywhere, fulfill anywhere, return anywhere”. To support these activities, the company’s Edge platform needed to handle a variety of payment types, including gift cards (a recent target of hackers), as well as sensitive personal identifying information (PII). Compounding the security challenge: each customer ran its own instance of the Edge platform, and managed its own users.

When only a single customer was being considered, the addition of further layers of security to authenticate uses was an eminently solvable problem. A variety of alternative approaches existed, including the use of various biometrics, key fobs that provided codes the user could enter, personalized security questions, and many others. The problem was that where multiple customers were involved, it was much more difficult to form a consensus. One customer might object to biometrics because it users lacked the necessary hardware. Another might object to security keys as being too costly, easily stolen or lost. Personalized questions might be considered too failure-prone by some customers. Furthermore, it was not clear that adding additional layers of authentication would necessarily be the most cost-effective way to reduce vulnerability. Other approaches, such as user training might provide greater value.

Even if Stiles decided to proceed with additional authentication, questions remained. Mandatory or a free/added-cost option? Developed in house or by a third party? Used for internal systems only, customer platforms only, or both? Implementation could not begin until these broad questions were answered.
EXPANDING JOINT VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT BRANCH
Authors: Gill Grandon
Published: January 2019

David Rohret, the founder of the Joint Vulnerability Assessment Branch (JVAB) pondered this difficult question. Since 2003, he had been involved in building a team that was uniquely positioned to identify a wide range of vulnerabilities in military and commercial communications and web-based systems. He could cite numerous examples of past situations where the early use of JVAB’s services led to, or could have led to, tens of millions of dollars in savings—or possibly more, had the issues they detected been left unattended. The value that JVAB offered was gradually being recognized and, as a result, demand for their services was building. The problem was that it was nearly impossible to hire people with the skills necessary to meet the growing need.

There were a number of aspects of JVAB’s approach that made it unique. First and foremost, it had been early to recognize that formerly distinct elements of communications systems were rapidly converging. Historically, communications using radio frequency (RF) signals had been the domain of electrical engineers, while network communications were handled by computer scientists. As network traffic was increasingly being handled using cellular and wifi signals, however, RF intrusions became a serious threat. By the same token, RF communications—such as those handled using high end hand-held devices and cell phones—often relied on the same IP protocols used by the Internet—making them a potential pathway to servers.

Another key aspect of JVAB was its adversarial mindset. It prided itself on using the same tools and techniques as the black hat hackers that threatened systems in real world settings. Not only was this an attitude that was generally not cultivated in educational institutions, it also ran counter to the experience of individuals that has spent all their professional life dealing with security in a defensive posture.

In the past, Rohret had hired high potential individuals, usually with military experience, and had helped them develop their skills over many years. The end result was the formation of a team with an extraordinary track record of success. But if JVAB were to meet the continuing demand for its services, it needed to figure out new ways to expand. That could be a real challenge in an organization where the most valuable assets all wore shoes.
THE GOOD EGG
Authors: C Olson Christopher
Published: January 2019

“Now what?” Ken pondered as he stared out the window on his flight back from Phoenix having just closed on the acquisition of a 20-unit restaurant company: The Good Egg. Ken Pendery, the CEO of the First Watch restaurant chain for the last 30 years, had just recently grown the company by 20% in one fell swoop. But what was he to do with these Arizona restaurants located more than 1,000 miles from the nearest company-owned First Watch…convert them to First Watch, leave them be, institute the First Watch menu but leave The Good Egg flag…?

Ken understood that the decision regarding what to do with The Good Egg brand would have far-reaching consequences. The purchase and conversion to First Watch of two J. Christopher’s restaurants in Atlanta 18 months earlier had not gone as planned. Part of the predecessor’s loyal customer base defected, sales fell by nearly 20%, and the company struggled for the next year to restore sales and profits to pre-conversion levels. If The Good Egg were to have the same fate upon conversion, the results would be devastating for the company and the management team. Recognizing that The Good Egg was the most highly-penetrated breakfast, brunch, and lunch brand with 15 locations in Phoenix and 5 in Tucson as well as a 30-year operating history made the decision even more precarious.

The reasons for conversion were clear in Ken’s mind. First Watch had 10% higher average unit sales volumes than The Good Egg. Additionally, having 20 newly-converted First Watch restaurants would provide a foothold in the West, further expanding the brand’s presence. Finally, upon the inevitable sale of First Watch by its private equity group, the valuation of First Watch would be enhanced if those 20 restaurants were converted to First Watch as opposed to selling two disparate brands.

Allowing The Good Egg to simply continue to operate independently would provide a predictable, stable revenue and profit stream, and remove the possibility of conversion loss as was realized in Atlanta. Straying from this strategy posed the possibility of considerable upside potential, but also significant downside risk.
This would be one of the most pivotal decisions Ken would have to make as CEO and the decision consumed him for the remainder of his 5-hour flight back to Sarasota.
How Do We Grow Revenues in an Uncertain World?
Authors: W Hammond Robert
Published: January 2019

This case, based on actual events that took place in mobile industry, describes a complex decision about product priority and sales training in a complex landscape. Rob Hammond, product executive at Syniverse Technologies, needed to decide whether to grow revenues by focusing the sales force on selling an existing product, SMS Application to Peer Text Messaging, in new markets or investing in the future by selling a new product, Mobile Engagement. Investment and time were constrained which forced prioritization between the two alternatives.

Rob was facing a board presentation that would be delivered in less than one week. Mobile growth in developing markets was strong and expected to be strong for at least the next five years. Unfortunately, text messaging was also becoming increasingly competitive and had limited barriers to entry. The company had some success in the United States with a new Mobile Engagement product. However, the new product success had been limited to just a couple salespeople. In addition, the company had limited brand recognition outside of the telecommunications industry.

Rob needed to decide what to present to the board. No matter what direction Rob chose it was clear that the sales force needed training, but how?

The situation presented in the case and case itself is widely applicable, applying to virtually any company new product introduction. Challenging questions in product strategy, business decision making, organizational alignment, change management and informing in a complex landscape are available for exploration.
… And a Miracle Happens
Authors: W Hammond Robert
Published: January 2019

Firms struggle with transforming sales teams and sometimes resort to replacing sales people to accomplish business objectives. Sustainability theory provides a framework for analyzing the effects of replacing sales people for all stakeholders. By applying sustainability theory to sales transformation, managers can improve understanding of externalities and thus the total cost of the hiring circle.
Case Study: How I Finished my DBA in 2 Years… Almost!
Authors: W Hammond Robert
Published: January 2019

There is no one best course through a Doctorate of Business Administration program but there are paths that maximize your time and value. Some people will wander through the research wilderness until having an epiphany, while others will treat the program like a journey-man and “do the work”, and still others will panic at the end of the third semester and “have to pick a topic for the dissertation”. If you enter the program with even a general idea of your research interest, then there is a different approach.
Rob Hammond is a member of the inaugural cohort of the Muma College of Business DBA program at the University of South Florida. For almost 30 years he has worked in and around sales, marketing and product in large corporations. Rob witnessed enormous waste in sales training and thought it could be done differently. This was his topic of interest. Rob also had an idea from his experiences of what might be causing the issue.
About half way through the first semester, Rob was picking the next paper topic and decided that he would adopt the strategy that he would try to find a way to advance his understanding of his research area in every class. This strategy became the navigation beacon for his DBA journey. This case is documenting this strategy along with a collection of his experiences from the DBA program for the readers in hopes that it may provide future students a few more restful nights as they begin their own academic journeys.
Risk Analysis for Initial Needs (RAIN): Improving a Time Zero Startup Plan through Resource Based Auditing (RBA) and a Launch Focused Strategy
Authors: Gonzalez Gilbert
Published: January 2019

Using the Risk Analysis for Initial Needs (RAIN) planning model and its resource-based audit (RBA) tool to support the creation of a time zero startup business plan will improve the perceived value of the startup plan to founders and stakeholders by identifying gaps between the needs and availability of the needed resources at time zero.
The case has been made that successful startups are beneficial to all stakeholders in the community, while startups that fail to sustain create significant costs, both actual and opportunity, for both themselves and the community. Depending on the source and the time frame referenced, emerging business failure rates range from 50% to 80% (BLS, 2016). This figure demonstrates the disappointing inefficiency of startups. What is not clear is whether the high failure rate, which has come to be accepted, is necessary. The creation of RAIN was motivated by the desire to seek a solution to the business problem of continuously high failure rates through improved startup business planning. RAIN improves the startup business plan by replacing traditional environmental auditing with resource-based auditing (RBA), and focusing on sustainability and scalability during the post-launch Incubation period. Using the RAIN startup planning model at time zero and throughout the early stages of the business lifecycle should improve sustainability and encourage founders to embrace developing and using startup plans.

Experts agree that entrepreneurial enterprises are creators of economic growth. In fact, a recent study by Guzman and Stern looked at the attributable growth for a community based on the quality of the startups (Guzman & Stern, 2016). It was found that “a doubling of the entrepreneurial quality predicts an increase of 6.8% in GDP in 11 years” (Frick, 2016). This study emphasizes the need for more successes, rather than more startups. “We’ve long known that new businesses matter to the economy and that it’s a small group of fast-growing firms that matter most, because of the jobs and innovation they bring”
(Frick, 2016).

Founders, investors, creditors, incubators, government programs, and entrepreneurial education programs all benefit from improving the sustainability rate of startups. These benefits include job creation, debt default minimization, and expanded economic growth through the multiplier effect of the surviving business entity (Guzman & Stern, 2016). Improving the success rate of new businesses through improved time zero planning will have positive consequences for the community and economy.