bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Important Are Arterial Blood Gas Parameters for Severe Head Trauma in Children?
Authors: KAYABAŞ Murat , ŞAHİN Levent
Published: March 2022

Aim: Our aim in this study is to consider the relationship between arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters and prognosis in severe head trauma in children.

Material and Methods: Patients younger than 17 years of age with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 8 and below with a history of head trauma were retrospectively analyzed. The relation of ABG parameters taken at the time of admission with mortality was examined. Independent sample T-test was used for pH, PCO2 and base extract (BE) parameters in ABG, and Mann Whitney U test was used for PO2 and lactate parameters.

Results: 48 patients were included in the study. Gender, age, admission blood pressure arterial values, GCS and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scores, length of stay in intensive care, and the surgical application did not differ statistically between the patient groups who died and survived (p> 0.05). Ph and PO2 values were lower, PCO2, lactate and BE values were found to be higher in the deceased patient group compared to the living patient group (p˂0.05). The presence of acidosis, hypercapnia, or hyperlactatemia according to ABG values in the patient group who died was statistically significantly higher (p˂0.05).

Conclusion: In our study, we found that the presence of acidosis, hypercapnia, and hyperlactatemia in patients according to ABG values increased mortality. In addition, according to the results of ROC analysis, we found that high PCO2 and lactate values could be specific indicators indicating poor prognosis. We think that PCO2 and lactate measured in arterial blood may be biomarkers that can determine the prognosis.
A comparative prospective study with depression, anxiety and quality of life scales in women with induced abortion and miscarriage before pregnancy termination
Authors: CERAN Mehmet Ufuk , TASDEMİR Umit
Published: March 2022

Objective: Comparison of women whose pregnancy will be terminated due to induced abortion and spontaneous miscarriage in terms of quality of life (QoL), depression and anxiety symptoms.

Method: This prospective case-control study included women hospitalized for pregnancy termination. Self-evaluation questionnaires were presented to 35 women in induced abortion group and 35 women in miscarriage group after exclusion of chronic systemic disease, previously known psychological disorders and drug users, women recommended abortion by the decision of the health board. For this, WHOQOL-BREF short-form quality of life questionnaire, Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory were used to determine psychological stress levels before termination.

Results: Moderate-severe depression was found to be statistically higher in induced abortion group than miscarriage group (31.4 %, 5.7%, respectively, p
The Early-Term Adverse Effects in Healthcare Personnel after CoronaVac Vaccination
Authors: ÇİL Barış , KABAK Mehmet
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Among the various Covidien-19 vaccine, Sinovac vaccination program in Turkey is carried out by coronavac vaccine developed by Chinese firms. Our aim was to determine the early side effects of CoronaVac vaccine in Turkish healthcare professionals.

Materials and methods: Volunteer healthcare personnel vaccinated with CoronaVac were evaluated four weeks after the first dose. Demographic, clinical characteristics, and post-vaccination side effects were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 15.0 software.

Results: The study was conducted with 516 volunteers. The mean age was 34.53 ± 7.80 years, and the majority of the participants (58.1%) were women. The most common occupational nursing (34.8%) and smoking rate in the study was 27.1%. Approximately one third (31%) of the participants had a previous COVID-19 infection and antibody positivity (27.9%). The most common side effects were determined to be arm pain (55.8%) followed by headache (24.8%), fatigue (18.6%) and joint pain (7.8%). On the third day after vaccination, the diagnosis of COVID-19 was reported in one person. Four (0.8%) stated that they took a break from their daily routine due to syncope and one person due to COVID-19.

Conclusion: In this study, no life-threatening side effects were reported in the early period after CoronaVac. Among the early side effects of CoronaVac vaccine in our study, the most common side effects were Arm soreness, Headache, Fatigue and Joint pain. We argue that it is important to use multi-layered and evidence-based strategies to raise the frequency of vaccination and to address the concerns and ownership of the vaccine in relation to the COVID-19 vaccine. In order to minimize widespread information pollution and hostility associated with vaccination, healthcare professionals should lead and strongly support vaccination programs.
Treatment of COVID-19-Releated Hyperinflammatory Response In Intensive Care Unit: Pulse Steroid, Anticytokines, IVIG, Plasmapheresis.
Authors: İLERİ FİKRİ Burcu , ÖZTAŞ Alev , YÜCEL Ezgi Direnç , AYER Mesut , TURAN Güldem
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
AIM: In our study, we aimed to see whether there is a difference in the survival effects of the treatments in 144 covid-19 patients who developed HIS.
MATERIAL and METHODS: Between Nov 2020 and Jan 2021; we retrospectively evaluated 323 patients who were admitted in to intensive care unit (ICU). Among these patients, we analyzed 144 patients whom recieved pulse steroid, anticytokine, plasmapheresis and IVIG treatment alone or in combination (1). The demographic characteristics of the patients are demonstrated in table 1. The treatment planning of Covid-19 in our hospital is organized and implemented by a multidisciplinary treatment board. Accordingly, pulse was administered to patients whom had shown HIS findings after the day 7 of the initial diagnosis. If there is no contraindication; transition to anticytokine treatment and then plasmapheresis and / or IVIG was applied (2,3).
RESULTS: When all the treatments were examined, no difference was found between the survival rates according to the application. While the mortality rate was %68 in all patients hospitalized in our ICU’s with Covid-19, this rate was found to be %81 in our patients with HIS.
CONCLUSION: There is an obvious condition that an amount of time is needed for supposed positive results of our admitted treatments. While our mortality rate was lower in all patients we followed up; in accordance with our expectations, we can say that the mortality rate is high in patients with HIS. The fact that no superiority of treatment modalities was observed in our study; we can still attribute the fact that the clinics of Covid-19 patients are not homogeneous and that there is no definite standardization regarding treatment yet.
Relationship between myalgia and laboratory parameters in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: YILMAZ OKUYAN Dilek , KARACAN GÖLEN Meltem
Published: March 2022

Aim: Myalgia is among the first and most common symptoms in patients with COVID-19. A limited number of studies have been found evaluating the frequency of myalgia and the laboratory findings associated with this condition. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of myalgia and the relationship between myalgia and laboratory parameters in patients who were hospitalized due to COVID-19.

Material and Methods: Three hundred fifty-eight patients with confirmed diagnoses of COVID-19 who were hospitalized between March 2020 and January 2021 were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence and absence of myalgia. Demographic characteristics, medical history, symptoms, clinical findings, and laboratory findings were evaluated retrospectively.

Results: A total of 358 patients, 192 (42.9%) females and 166 males, were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 60.3 ± 15.2 years. When the laboratory findings of the 166 patients with myalgia and 192 patients with no myalgia were compared, no difference was found between the groups in terms of white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts, C-reactive protein, ferritin D-dimer, and troponin levels. However, creatine kinase (CK) levels were found to be significantly higher in the group with myalgia compared with the group without myalgia (p
Prevalence of enchondromas of the hand in adults as incidental findings on magnetic resonance imaging.
Authors: BALTA Orhan , SOBAY Utkan , ERPALA Fırat , EREN Mehmet Burtaç , ZENGİN Çağatay
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of enchondromas (EC) in adults as incidental findings in the long bones of the upper extremities and the bones of the hand on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of upper extremity MRI scans for the presence of incidental EC in patients older than 18 years was performed. EC location, size, and appearance were defined. Age, gender, MRI region, side, most common symptom, eccentric or central location in the bone, affected finger, presence of biopsy, presence of trauma history,and size of enchondroma were evaluated.

Results: A total of 9713 upper extremity MRIs were evaluated. In our study, the prevalence of EC in the entire upper extremity was 1.2% with MRIs that performed for upper extremity bones only. EC was most commonly seen in MR imaging of the hand. The proximal phalanx was the most commonly affected bone. Often presentin the third and fourth decades of life and the ulnar side of long bones were affected. In our study, the overall prevalence of hand EC was 4.8%. While the incidence of hand enchondromas was 5.8% in females, it was 4.1% in males. The incidence of enchondromas in the hand was approximately 5.77 times higher than in the shoulder.

Conclusion: This study suggests that with the prevalence of EC, as determined by MR imaging, the hand should continue to be considered the most common site for enchondromas.
Approach to Pediatric Breast Masses in Accompaniment with Current Literature
Authors: BALTRAK Yusuf Atakan , SÖĞÜT Seniha Esin , VARLIKLI Onursal
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Although breast masses are uncommon in children and adolescents, it is a worrying phenomenon for families when diagnosed.Breast masses in this age group are generally benign and most of them are seen in adolescents.

Materials and Methods: The patient information was obtained from the hospital records and automation system. The patients were retrospectively analyzed with regards to age, complaints and their duration, family history, association with menstruation, location and size of the breast mass, methods of diagnosis, histopathological findings, and postoperative complications.

Results: There was no difference between NOG and NG with respect to median age, body mass index, side and location of the mass, reason for admission, association with puberty, and follow-up time (p>0.05). When both groups were compared in terms of the size of the mass, the mass size was measured to be 2.2 cm (1.4-3) in NOG and 3.8 cm (3-8) in NG. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.12).

Discussion and Conclusion: Surgical excision will be appropriate when a pediatric breast mass is detected in the neoplastic group, there is a family history, the size of the mass does not change or increase during follow-up, and malignancy is suspected on imaging.
THE EFFECTS OF THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE, FREE THYROXINE LEVELS, AND THYROID ANTIBODIES ON MEAN PLATELET VOLUME: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Mine , AKSOY Hilal
Published: March 2022

Background: Coagulation abnormalities has been reported in patients with impaired metabolism of thyroid hormones. Platelets play an important role in coagulation and Mean Platelet Volume has been considered as an inflammatory biomarker in multiple diseases.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether any relationship exists between the values of thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, anti-thyroid peroxidase, anti-thyroglobulin and those of the MPV.

Methods: Patients who were admitted to the Endocrinology outpatient clinic between October 2013 and July 2019 with a pre-diagnosis of thyroid disease were included in the study. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS V23. Compatibility with normal distribution was examined with the Shapiro Wilk test. The relation between the variables was evaluated with Spearman rank correlation.

Results: Records of 1098 patients were examined. There is a very weak positive relationship between TSH and MPV (r: 0,075), there is no significant relationship between ST4, Anti TPO, Anti TG and MPV.

Conclusion: Patients have high TSH values display a increased MPV should hence be acknowledged in risk prediction of thrombotic events.
Administering Geriatric Pneumonia Cases without Waiting for CRP Results, is It Practicable?
Authors: CİZMECİOGLU Ahmet , GÖKTEPE Mevlüt Hakan , AKAY ÇİZMECİOGLU Hilal , HATIR Ahmet Emre , BARDAKÇI Handan
Published: March 2022

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a notable marker of many diseases. Accordingly, in most cases, the clinical management of infectious diseases is revised based on CRP alterations. This study thus attempted to predict CRP alterations via immature granulocyte count (IGC) and nucleated red blood cell count (NRBC) in a geriatric population with pneumonia.

Methods: We carried out our study in the intensive care unit of a private hospital by retrospectively reviewing the laboratory findings of geriatric patients with pneumonia and an age-matched control group in the same ICU.

Results: In total, we reviewed 495 hospitalization days (the summed amount of days for all 43 patients) and 221 hospitalization days (the summed amount of days for all 20 controls) records. In the group comparisons, we found a statistical significance in the patient group for both IGC (p = 0.001) and NRBC (p = 0.002). Comparing IGC to CRP measures from the following day and the day after that, there was a statistical significance in IGC (p = 0.001) but not in NRBC (p = 0.156). Further, IGCs below 0.3 x 103 and above 0.5 x 103 were better able to predict CRP alterations.

Conclusion: In geriatric patients with pneumonia, IGC is more effective than NRBC in predicting CRP variations before their actual occurrence, with the mean estimation time at least 2 days prior.
Detection and endoscopic treatment of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal system of the geriatric patients
Authors: COŞKUN Orhan , ÇAPRAZ Mustafa , KAYA Ahmet , ÇETİN Zeynep
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Ingestion of foreign bodies is a worldwide problem associated with severe morbidity and mortality. The incidence of foreign bodies ingestion increases in the elderly population due to impaired intraoral sensitivity and swallowing reflex, visual problems, tooth loss, and mental disorders.

Material and Method: All patients admitted with foreign body ingestion were retrospectively screened and patients over 65 years of age were included. All patients were managed by a flexible endoscope.

Results: 49 patients referred with the diagnosis of foreign body ingestion between January 2016 and May 2020 were retrospectively screened. Geriatric population consisted of 24 (49%) patients, mean age was 77.4±7.8 years and 15 (62.5%) were male.The most common symptom at admission was dysphagia in 41.7% of patients. The most common ingested foreign bodies are meat and food in 58.3% of the patients (p
1st Conference of the South African Society of Biomechanics
Authors: Bayne Helen , Albertus Yumna , Cockcroft John , Kramer Mark
Published: March 2022

Abstracts for the Conference of the South African Society of Biomechanics
JAX - 10x Genomics - NEXTGEM v3.1 - 3' Gene Expression v1
Authors: F F Flynn William
Published: March 2022

Standard 10x Genomics - NEXTGEM v3.1 - 3' protocol used by the JAX Single Cell Biology lab for single cell transcriptomics.
[RETRACTED] Human CBD Gummies Review (Scam or Legit) Does It Really Work Update 2022 v1
Authors: not provided Jewelaroof
Published: March 2022

[RETRACTED]

Human CBD Gummies are legit dietary supplements to give support to your mind and body. The supplement is a product of a US-based facility and its making followed the GMP guidelines. The Human CBD Gummies is nowhere a scam. The product has been tested by third parties and has been GMP certified.
[RETRACTED] Oprah Winfrey CBD Gummies Reviews - Fake Consumer Reports v1
Authors: not provided oprahwinfreyreviewsas
Published: March 2022

[RETRACTED]

Oprah Winfrey CBD Gummies Reviews - Fake Consumer Reports
Peran Komunitas Pecinta Sejarah (Kompas) dalam Mendukung Kegiatan Pembelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Puspadewi Erika , Winarti Murdiyah
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe title of this research is “The Role of Historical Community (KOMPAS) in Supporting History Learning (a Descriptive Study of an Extracurricular KOMPAS at SMAN 22 Bandung.”The researcher’s background takes the theme of the research based on an interest in extracurricular activities in field of historical study at Senior High School. The choice of the Historical Community as the object of research is because this community the only extracullicullar based on historical learning that exist in Bandung and has not yet received attention among academics. The main problem in this research is “What is the role of the historical community (KOMPAS) in supporting students historical learning at school?”  Based on these problems, the writer divides them into three problem formulations. How was the development of the Historical Community (KOMPAS) in 2015-2019? How has the Historical Community (KOMPAS) designed its programs to support history learning? What is the impact of the Historical Community (KOMPAS) on learning history in 2015-2019?.The method used in this research is descriptive study. The results of this study indicate that the background to the establishment of the Historical Community (KOMPAS) is the development of a history study group that is engaged in developing students' historical insight and skills. After the Historical Community (KOMPAS) was officially established as an extracurricular, this group attempted to create interactive history learning programs that support history learning. The impact of theHistorical Community at SMAN 22 Bandung is to provide a variety of learning resources in developing history learning materials.
Kreativitas Guru dalam Mengembangkan Media Pembelajaran Digital pada Pembelajaran Sejarah Daring (Studi Deskriptif Terhadap Guru Sejarah SMA Di Kota Bandung)
Authors: Febriyanti Endah , Kusmarni Yani , Ma'mur Tarunasena
Published: March 2022

This research is motivated by the findings of researcher at the research location which show that in the online history learning process, teacher creativity is needed, one of which is in terms of developing digital learning media. So the study in this research is the creativity of teachers in developing digital learning media in online history learning, with the main problem formulation "how is the creativity of teachers in developing online history learning media?" This study uses a descriptive study that aims at obtaining a description of the creativity of high school history teachers in Bandung City in developing digital learning media based on indicators of flexibility, fluency, originality, and presentation. This includes studying the constraints and efforts as well as student’s responses to the developed media. The results of this study indicate that teachers have developed digital learning media which are realized in several forms, such as slides, videos, and podcasts. However, from the media products that have been developed, podcasts are the media with the most prominent elements of originality compared to others. This shows that there are still several aspects that have not been met based on the findings of each indicator. One of them is caused by the obstacles felt by the teacher both from internal and external factors. However, students still feel helped by the media developed by the teacher to understand the material presented, but it does not mean that all students feel that the media is interesting. This is largely determined by what media the teacher uses during the online learning process.
Perlawanan Kwee Kek Beng dalam Rubrik Hindia And Holland Dan Djamblang Kotjok Pada Surat Kabar Sin Po (1923-1960)
Authors: Nafisah Jihan Jauhar , Suwirta Andi
Published: March 2022

This article aims to describe the aspirations of the figure Kwee Kek Beng who is known as an opinion maker in the history of the press movement in Indonesia in 1923-1960. The problem that will be studied in this article is: "How is Kwee Kek Beng's effort in advancing the Sin Po newspaper, especially in Advancing the Sin Po Newspaper with Articles / Rubrics?" In the writing process, the writer uses historical methods in the form of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography with an interdisciplinary approach. Based on the research results, in the process of developing the press movement in Indonesia, Kwee Kek Beng managed to become an opinion maker in Indonesia through his various controversial writings. Evidence of this is the exposure of Kwee Kek Beng to a press offense, the banning of the Sin Po newspaper. In his writings, Kwee Kek Beng conveyed various aspirations and concerns of the people towards the government, especially in the years 1923-1960. This shows the importance of the role of the mass media in an effort to voice the voice of the people as part of a means of resistance against colonialism.
Korps Mobile Brigade dalam Mengatasi Masalah DI/TII Jawa Barat (1950-1962)
Authors: Putri Alia Widara , Santosa Ayi Budi
Published: March 2022

The research examine about Mobile Brigade Corps’ contribution in overcoming the West Java’s DI/TII affairs. The background of this research is because as a police troops, Mobile Brigade Corps contribute in overcoming one of the domestic security intruption problems that happened in Indonesia in the 1950’s decade, namely West Java’s DI/TII. However, that contribution from Mobile Brigade Corps is unpopular. Then, the main question in this research is how is the contribution of the Mobile Brigade Corps in overcoming the West Java’s DI/TII affairs. The method used in this research was a historical research method, with four research steps, namely heuristics, criticsm, interpretation, and historiography. The research technique used for collected the data was literature and documentation study. Based on this research’s result, West Java was in emergency state (SOB)/danger situation in the 1950’s deacade, it was because at that time, the security condition in West Java was worsed due to the domestic security intruption problem, caused by West Java’s DI/TII. Mobile Brigade Corps involved in overcoming the West Java’s DI/TII affairs because at that time, Djawatan Kepolisian Negara was involved in the task of overcoming that West Java’s DI/TII for seconded to Tentara Teritorium III/Siliwangi, Mobile Brigade Corps used because it’s the paramilitary troops from Djawatan Kepolisian Negara. The efforts from Mobile Brigade Corps were formed the Ranger Troops and mobilized Mobile Brigade Coprs’ troops, including the Ranger Troops in domestic security operation to overcoming the West Java’s DI/TII affairs.
Perkembangan Surat Kabar dalam Pusaran Politik: Kajian Surat Kabar Sinar Harapan 1961 – 1986
Authors: Sari Risca Wulan , Winarti Murdiyah , Darmawan Wawan
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi mendalam mengenai dinamika perkembangan surat kabar pada masa transisi pemerintahan soekano menuju soeharto yang mana dalam perjalannya sebagai sebuah surat kabar mendapati beberapa pengekangan hingga pencabutan surat izin penerbitan karena dianggap tidak selaras dengan tujuan pemeritah saat itu. Secara umum penelitian ini ingin menjawab pertanyaan mengenai “bagaimana dinamika perjalanan surat kabar dalam masa pemerintahan otoriter, khususnya surat kabar Sinar Harapan di Indonesia?”. Untuk menguji permasalahan, peneliti melakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode historis yang mencakup empat langkah penelitian. Langkah-langkah penelitian diantaranya yaitu pengumpulan sumber tertulis melalui studi literatur (heuristik), kritik sumber, interpretasi atau analisis sumber dan historiografi. Peneliti juga menggunakan konsep untuk menyederhanakan analisis, diantaranya konsep Surat Kabar, Otoriter, politik, pemerintah. Sebuah rasionalisasi untuk studi surat kabar ini, karena banyak perspektif tentang klaim yang dibuat oleh pemerintah atau surat kabar itu sendiri. Analisis teori otoriter muncul dalam bentuk pertanggungjawaban atas analisis surat kabar  sebagai  objek peluisan sejarah, disamping itu teori pers otoriter  digunakan sebagai analisa pada dinamika perkembangan surat kabar di Indonesia.This research aims to conduct an in-depth study of the dynamics of newspaper development during the transition of Soekarno government to Suharto which on its way as a newspaper found some restraint until the revocation of the issuance license because it was considered not in line with the government's goals at that time. In general, this study wants to answer the question of "how is the dynamics of newspaper travel in the period of authoritarian rule, especially Sinar Harapan newspaper in Indonesia?". To test the problem, researchers conducted the study using historical methods that included four steps of research. Research steps include the collection of written sources through the study of literature (heuristics), criticism of sources, interpretation or analysis of sources and historiography. Researchers also use concepts to simplify analysis, including the concept of newspapers, authoritarians, politics, government. A rationalization for the study of this newspaper, due to the many perspectives on the claims made by the government or the newspaper itself. The analysis of authoritarian theory appears in the form of accountability for newspaper analysis as an object of historical immersion, in addition to the theory of the authoritarian press is used as an analysis on the dynamics of newspaper development in Indonesia.
Pembelajaran Berbasis Poject Vlog di SMK
Authors: Fransiska Rima , Supriatna Nana , Makmur Tarunasena
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini berjudul “Project Pembuatan Vlog Untuk Menumbuhkan Kreativitas Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah”. Penelitian dilatarbelakangi oleh temuan peneliti di kelas X TKJ 2 SMKN 1 Soreang yang menunjukkan rendahnya kreativitas siswa dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Adapun penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan penggunaan project vlog, memaparkan tumbuhnya kreativitas siswa melalui pembelajaran sejarah berbasis vlog, serta memperoleh gambaran tentang upaya yang dilakukan oleh peneliti dalam melaksanakan project pembuatan vlog. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus, dimana masing-masing siklus dilakukan tiga tindakan. Dalam melakukan tindakan peneliti menggunakan model John Elliot yang terdiri dari identifikasi masalah, memeriksa di lapangan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan reconnaisasance refleksi. Indikator kreativitas telah peneliti sesuaikan dengan permasalahan penelitian yaitu berpikir kreatif, bekerja kreatif dengan yang lain dan pengaplikasian inovasi yang dikembangkan kedalam sub indikator sesuai kebutuhan penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan ditemukan bahwa kreativitas dalam pembelajaran sejarah telah mengalami pertumbuhan, begitu pula dengan meningkatnya kreativitas pada sub-indikator yang telah peneliti buat. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi solusi bagi guru-guru dan pihak sekolah untuk mengembangkan proses pembelajaran sejarah.
Garda Perdamaian Dunia: Peranan Kontingen Garuda II Sebagai Pasukan Perdamaian di Republik Kongo (1960-1961)
Authors: Tanjung Wisnu Arsa
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAKArtikel ini berjudul “Garda Perdamaian Dunia: Peranan Kontingen Garuda II Sebagai Pasukan Perdamaian di Republik Kongo (1960-1961)”. Permasalahan pokok yang dibahas dalam artikel ini adalah bagaimana usaha-usaha yang dilakukan oleh Kontingen Garuda II di Republik Kongo. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji lebih dalam terkait  keterlibatan Kontingen Garuda II di Republik Kongo baik mengenai persiapan-persiapan untuk melaksanakan tugas di Republik Kongo dan kegiatan kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh Kontingen Garuda II selama di Republik Kongo pada tahun 1960 sampai 1961. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode historis yang meliputi beberapa langkah, yaitu heuristik (pengumpulan sumber) baik sumber lisan maupun tulisan, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Untuk memperdalam analisis, penulis menggunakan pendekatan ilmu sosiologi, ilmu hubungan internasional. Teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Pemerintah Indonesia ikut serta dalam mengirimkan pasukan perdamaian ke Republik Kongo dibawah naungan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa pada tahun 1960 merupakan salah satu implementasi dari semangat politik anti kolonialisme dan imperialisme dengan menerapkan kebijakan politik luar negeri bebas aktif. Kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh Pasukan Kontingen Garuda II yakni mengatasi dan menengahi pemberontak-pemberontakan yang terjadi di Republik Kongo seperti mengatasi pertempuran pengiriman Kontingen Garuda II ke Kota Boende dan Coquihalville, pertempuran Kamina, peristiwa ledakan ranjau di Kamina serta mengatasi gerakan sparatisme di Provinsi Katanga. Selain itu, melakukan kegiatan patroli ke daerah Bikoro, Igende. Dari kegiatan tersebut Pasukan Kontingen Garuda II berhasil dalam melaksanakan tugas sehingga mendapatkan dampak yang sangat positif bagi pasuka. kontingen Indonesia sehingga pada tahun berikutnya Pemerintah Indonesia mengirimkan kembali Kontingen Garuda pada tahun 1962.
Perception about E-Cigarettes in Malaysia: Sociodemographic Correlates
Authors: Kang Cheah Yong , Huey Teh Chien , Hock Lim Kuang , Cheong Kee Chee
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The prevalence of e-cigarette smoking is increasing. Many people still have a poor understanding of the risks of e-cigarettes. The purpose of this study is to examine sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge about e-cigarettes with a focus on the perception that e-cigarettes are less dangerous than regular cigarettes. Methods: Multivariable logistic regressions are utilised to estimate the effects of sociodemographic factors on the likelihood of having the perception that e-cigarettes are less dangerous than regular cigarettes. These regressions are stratified by ethnic groups. A Malaysian nationwide survey that consists of a large sample size (n = 4176) is used for secondary analysis. Results: Age, gender and educational level are associated with the perception about e-cigarettes. Older individuals are less likely to think that e-cigarettes are less dangerous than regular cigarettes compared with younger individuals. Males are more likely to have the perception that e-cigarettes are less dangerous than regular cigarettes relative to females. Having primary or secondary educational level rather than tertiary educational level is associated with a reduced likelihood of having the perception that e-cigarettes are less dangerous than regular cigarettes. Conclusions: Sociodemographic factors play an important role in determining the perception about e-cigarettes. Nationwide policies directed toward improving knowledge about e-cigarettes among individuals who think that e-cigarettes are less dangerous than regular cigarettes may be effective in lowering the risk of suffering from the currently unknown long-term negative effect of e-cigarettes.
Mast cell hyperactivity as the factor in the pathogenesis of male infertility
Authors: Kulchenko N. G.
Published: March 2022

The proportion of men with impaired sperm fertility is increasing every year, which is one of the factors in the decline in fertility and is becoming both a medical and social problem. Modern diagnostic methods make it possible to recognize many factors of male infertility: genetic, endocrine, infectious, extra-genital, etc. However, despite all modern biomedical advances, 1/3 of patients remain with an unrecognized cause (idiopathic) of male infertility. At the same time, we must not forget that most patients from this category do not want to resort to assisted reproductive technologies to realize paternity, and they strive to achieve pregnancy in a natural way. Therefore, the search for the causes of male infertility remains an urgent issue in modern urology field. This article reviews the literature on the role of mast cells in the formation of fibrosis in tissues, including the testis. Mast cells affect the proliferation, functioning and phenotype of fibroblasts put under hypoxic conditions. Fibroblast activation enhances collagen fibrillogenesis. Studies by Russian and foreign scientists have shown that with sperm pathology, the number of mast cells in the connective tissue of the testicle increases sharply. Against the background of an increase in the number of mast cells in the interstitium of the testis, fibrosis of the wall of the convoluted seminiferous tubules increases. Moreover, in severe spermatogenesis disorders (Sertoli cell-only syndrome, Germ cell aplasia), mast cells were found both in the peritubular space and in the lumen of the convoluted seminiferous tubules. Most infertile men have significant amounts of significant amounts of mast cells in their ejaculate. There are sporadic data on the negative correlation between the presence of mast cells in seminal plasma and the concentration and motility of spermatozoa. Conclusion. The negative effect of mast cells on spermatogenesis remains unknown to the end. Mast cells have a high ability to migrate to connective tissue, which levels increase during inflammation, and the production of many mediators, proteases and histamine, cytokines, which can be both a trigger in the formation of sperm pathology and the cause of the formation of fibrosis in the testicle.
UPDATING THE IDEAS OF EUROSKEPTICISM IN THE COUNTRIES OF WESTERN EUROPE: FROM BREXIT TO COVID19
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Balinska Yana
Published: March 2022

The problem of Euroscepticism is especially relevant in connection with the growing electoral support of Eurosceptics, which was demonstrated by the May 2014 elections to the European Parliament. The purpose of this article was to identify the key features of modern understanding of this phenomenon and to determine the reasons for its significant relevance in Western Europe. Among the main research methods: political science — analysis of specialized scientific sources revealed features of political science interpretation of the concept; comparative — allowed to compare the attitude to the key ideas of Euroscepticism in different countries and at different times; historical — allowed to study the transformation of understanding of the concept of «Euroscepticism». The reasons for the active spread of Euroscepticism were: Britain’s withdrawal from the European Union; difficulties in the process of enlargement of the European Union in 2004; protracted financial and economic crisis; the refugee problem and the COVID19 epidemic with its socio-economic and political consequences.
POLITICAL STABILITY: TO THE PROBLEM OF COMPREHENSION OF SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING AND PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Staff of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukrainе, Demartyno Andriy
Published: March 2022

Theoretical and practical aspects of political stability are considered. Conceptual approaches to its understanding since the second half of the twentieth century are analyzed. The scientific approaches of Western, Russian and Ukrainian scientists on the factors and models of stabilization of state and social development are compared. A comparative analysis of relative stability in the conditions of authoritarian and democratic rule is carried out. Based on the approach according to which the more stable the political system of society, the higher the probability of forming the same type of attitudes in citizens, the importance of studying the factors of political stability not only in theoretical but also in practical sense. Understanding political stability in a practical sense is associated with the ability of a particular political system, government to respond adequately to external and internal threats to their existence. Accordingly, the position is substantiated, according to which the ability of public policy to respond to information threats and create their own information mechanisms in the form of proper information security, which plays a key role in ensuring the vital interests of the state and society. It was found that ensuring political stability in modern conditions involves: establishing a system of effective relations between different political actors, taking into account their interests; implementation of constructive, consistent policy based on the adoption and implementation of balanced public policy and public administration decisions; avoidance of the use of force against the opposition, tolerance of alternative approaches to the implementation of overdue reforms; reconciling social change with the values and traditions of a particular society.
CONSTRUCTION OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL COHESION AS A COMPOUND OF MODERN SECURITY DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Khylko Maksym , Khylko Olena ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: March 2022

The study aims at consideration of modern academic and applied approaches to the construction of social and cultural cohesion as a component of social cohesion in order to further explore the prospects for the consolidation of Ukrainian society. Methods. Interdisciplinary approach, axiological approach, structural analysis, methods of political science and sociology are used to study the division of modern societies along the lines of ethnic, linguistic, religious differences, and inequality of opportunities to fully perform their potential through education, access to health care, digital technology, communication, income gap, ideological differences that hinder internal transformations. It is founded that the growing gap in opportunities and inequality exacerbated by the pandemic creates an environment of mistrust both within societies and between collective communities, an atmosphere of alienation and irritation, which often become conflict triggers. Such social fragmentation and differentiation raise the question of inclusion and exclusion of individuals and collective groups (in particular, states) in / from the sphere of social interaction and, as a consequence, generates academic and analytical search for answers to the question of social cohesion as a guarantee of steadily progressive development and hence, security. The deficit of socio-cultural cohesion as a high degree of solidarity and cohesion between groups and members of these groups, which should be a fundamental prerequisite for building resilience, makes the state vulnerable to external threats and makes the national security system poorly managed. It is this context that challenges Ukraine with construction of socio-cultural cohesion as a guarantee of progressive security development and resilience. The study analyses approaches to the interpretation of social and cultural cohesion in the modern search for conflict-free forms of interaction, the dichotomy of social and cultural / social cohesion in the approaches of international governmental organizations to the assessment of political and social transformations. Recommendations are provided for building the social and cultural cohesion of Ukrainian society on the basis of indicators for assessing social and cultural integrity, taking into account the international political context and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.
INDIFFERENCE, CONTAMINATION AND CONTINUITY IN THE EXERCISE OF POWER: RATIONAL CHOICE AND NEOINSTITUTIONALISM IN THE CORDON INDUSTRIAL (SANTA FE, ARGENTINA)
Authors:   National University of Rosario (Argentina), Ganuza Carina V.
Published: March 2022

This article is a brief approximation to the knowledge of a singular reality characterised by the pollution caused by different companies located in an area of 589 km2 known as Cordón Industrial Gran Rosario (province of Santa Fe, Argentina). It combines the almost uninterrupted permanence of different local authorities and confirmed measurements of air pollutants in two of the main cities, Puerto General San Martin and San Lorenzo, as well as multiple complaints in judicial instances for irregularities by various companies from other localities that make up the Cordon, whose main relevance lies in its outlet to the Paraná River, a source of maritime transport. Therefore, this phenomenon is analysed from two theoretical contributions of Political Science: the Theory of Rational Choice, which supports the interest of people as their preferences when making decisions, as well as the search for rents as possible priorities; and on the other hand, Neo-institutionalism, institutions as pillars of politics, which refers to the state, legislature, legal forms, rules or procedures adopted by political relations. Finally, the corollary of this analysis is marked by the apparent contradiction between citizens’ decisions to elect authorities who exercise power for more than two constitutional periods, who in turn become instruments for the continued survival of polluting companies that threaten the individual and societal health of all the cities of the Industrial Cordon studied, and ultimately, the consequent ineffectiveness of the institutions that form part of the government organisations as a control body.
THE IDEALITY AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE MATERIALITY AS A CERTAIN MULTIPLICATIVE OPERATION
Authors: Atamanchuk-Angel Valerii
Published: March 2022

The idea is the philosophical issue that needs rethinking. Prejudices similar to geocentrism have influenced and continue to influence the views of theologians and philosophers on «ideas. » Main objective the aim of the work is to summarize what is known about ideal objects, highlighting some fundamental and special properties of the ideal. Research (at the experimental level) of culture (in its broadest sense) allowed relying on facts by induction, by analogy and deduction, using the concepts and means of formalization of set theory, general algebra and mathematical analysis to identify a separate intangible component in cultural substance (fundamental fact), to assume the presence and negativity of the ideal component in living substance, to identify the epicenter of bio and cultural creativity — the Creator. The most important result is the separation of substance and energy of the ideal, the metamorphosis of substance (idempotency of the atom in living and cultural substances), the flow of energy (± entropy) and the evolution of the ideal (creation), as well as identifying the epicenter of bio and cultural creativity. We emphasize that so far at the atomic level. Despite the obvious facts, they did not receive a clear wording. Having received this formulation, they become important in the logical construction of various scientific disciplines and worldview systems. Our statements can be easily verified. Verification methods provide an opportunity to verify the findings. Further research in this direction is urgently needed.
THE ESSENCE AND PECULIARITIES OF THE SOCIA MYTHOLOGY`S STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS IN THE MODERN SOCIETY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Atashkadeh Ruslana , Honcharenko Maryna ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Sierova Yuliia ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: March 2022

The article attempts to consider social myth-making as an integral mechanism of modern society. The essence and specifics of structural elements of social mythology are analyzed, its role in the construction of social reality is outlined. A comparative analysis of classical and social mythology. Based on this, we were able to identify the essential characteristics of social myth and show that social myth is, on the one hand, an effective mechanism for emotional consolidation of society, and on the other hand, an effective means of influencing human consciousness. It is emphasized that modern social mythology is narrowly specialized and focused on the specific relationship between the individual and society. It is proved that in modern society not only the view of the problem of social mythology changes, but also the very nature of social mythology. Mythology is becoming more artificial, man-made. It increasingly serves the needs of the authorities and elites, is deliberately produced, and therefore acquires a target audience and specific purpose, and is less and less reminiscent of classical mythology. However, the danger is not in itself social mythology, or even the manipulative design of its creators, and the inability of public and individual consciousness to resist its influence. Only by increasing the reflectivity, maturity of consciousness, the individual can resist the influence of social mythology and help to overcome its negative consequences.
To the symptomatology of trembling paralysis
Authors: Markelov Grigory I.
Published: March 2022

The main feature in the clinical picture of trembling paralysis must be recognized as increased rigidity of the muscles, muscle stiffness. This latter imposes on the patient that peculiar imprint, which often makes it possible to recognize this disease by appearance alone. Giving in various cases one or another fluctuation in distribution and intensity, this increased rigidity of the muscles is the most characteristic symptom of Parkinson's disease.
Microscopic structure of the ganglia of the solar plexus and other ganglia of the marginal trunk of the sympathetic nerve
Authors: Mikhailov S. E.
Published: March 2022

In my work on the fine structure of the intracardiac nervous system of mammals (Proceedings of the Society of Russian Doctors in St. Petersburg for 1907), I proposed a new classification of sympathetic ganglion cells, based on the principle that a given cell belonged to one type or another, depending on whether what type of terminal apparatuses end its dendrites. In this work, I have described in more or less detail four of these main types of ganglion cells, and a large number of drawings taken from the corresponding preparations are attached to the German text of this work (Internat. Monatsschrift fr Anatomie und Physiologie. Bd. XXV. 1908).
Right-sided hemiplegia with aphasia due to syphilis
Authors: Sergeev Leonid A.
Published: March 2022

On April 15, 1904, when I was invited to the sick Ky, I found him lying motionless on his back. Joint examination with Dr. D. found hemiplegia dextra, smoothing of the right nasolabial fold, drooping of the right corner of the mouth. When wrinkling the forehead, no difference was found between the diseased and healthy side. The tongue is covered with a white coating, when protruding it deviates to the affected side. The patient is fully conscious, perceives the proposed questions, fulfills the possible requirements.
To the question of the relation n. depressoris to the vasoconstrictor and vasodilator centers
Authors: . Chalusov Mikhail A.
Published: March 2022

As we indicated above, for transection of the posterior roots of the lumbosacral plexus, we completely removed the arch of one or two lumbar vertebrae, cut along the dura mater, and cut the posterior roots either one or several at once. At the end of the experiment, the cut roots were checked by careful preparation and the condition of the neighboring parts was examined.
G. Fritsch On the structure and significance of the central spot in humans. Ueber den Bau und die Bedeutung der Area centralis des Menschen. Berlin. 1908, Anatom. Anzeiger. No. 3. 1909
Authors: Nikiforova O. I.
Published: March 2022

The material used by the author represents a collection of eyes of human races, rare in its abundance and diversity, namely: 88 pairs of African, that is, belonging to Negroes, 59 pairs of Asiatic (Mongolian), 19 pairs of Malay and Melanisian, not counting the eyes Europeans. All eyes were immaculately fixed, and most of them got into the fixer absolutely fresh.