bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Dihydrobenzofurans via Tandem SNAr/5‐exo‐trig Cyclization.
Authors: Koy Maximilian , Engle Keary M. , Henling Lawrence M. , Takase Michael K. , Grubbs Robert H.
Published: July 2015

A simple protocol for preparation of benzofurans from o‐fluorobenzenes via in situ generated N‐alkyl‐ and ‐arylimines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Benzo[b]thiophenes and Their Hetero‐Fused Analogues via Intramolecular Copper‐Catalyzed S‐Arylation of in situ Generated Enethiolates.
Authors: Acharya Anand , Vijay Kumar S. , Saraiah B. , Ila H.
Published: July 2015

A variety of target compounds can be successfully prepared and besides the thioester reactants, phenyl isothiocyanate (XII) is also efficient.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Nitrile Oxides and Azomethine Imines to N‐Vinylpyrroles.
Authors: Efremova Mariia M. , Molchanov Alexander P. , Stepakov Alexander V. , Kostikov Rafael R. , Shcherbakova Victoriya S. , Ivanov Andrey V.
Published: July 2015

Single isomers of pyrrolyl‐substituted isoxazoline (III) are highly efficiently and selectively obtained by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of various nitrile oxides (I) to a variety of substituted N‐vinylpyrroles.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Phase‐Transfer‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Aza‐Michael Reactions for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Isoindolinones.
Authors: Lebrun Stephane , Sallio Romain , Dubois Melanie , Agbossou‐Niedercorn Francine , Deniau Eric , Michon Christophe
Published: July 2015

A novel synthetic route to optically active isoindolinones is achieved by asymmetric intramolecular aza‐Michael reaction of ortho‐carbamoyl substituted styryl ketones (I) and (III) in the presence of the oligomeric cinchonium phase‐transfer catalyst (QNC).
ChemInform Abstract: Graphite as an Effective Catalyst for Michael Addition of Indoles to Nitroolefins in Aqueous Alcoholic Solution.
Authors: Parsekar Sonia B. , Naik Sneha , Naik Mayuri M. , Tilve Santosh G.
Published: July 2015

A green method for the conjugate addition of indoles (I) to various nitrostyrenes (II) or acetylenedicarboxylate (IV) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Indole Coupling Reactions of Azetidine and Oxetane Sulfinate Salts.
Authors: Nassoy Anne‐Chloe M. A. , Raubo Piotr , Harrity Joseph P. A.
Published: July 2015

The applied azetidine and oxetane sulfinate salts are readily prepared from commercially available 3‐iodo‐heterocycle precursors in a three‐step sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Strained Dehydrogenative Ring Closure of Phenylcarbazoles.
Authors: Jones Alexander W. , Louillat‐Habermeyer Marie‐Laure , Patureau Frederic W.
Published: July 2015

An unprecedented direct dehydrogenative ring closure of N‐arylcarbazoles is achieved using a super‐oxidative palladium‐catalyzed C—H activation method.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodoarene‐Catalyzed Cyclizations of Unsaturated Amides.
Authors: Alhalib Ali , Kamouka Somaia , Moran Wesley J.
Published: July 2015

Starting from N‐allyl amides, a protocol for the preparation of isoxazoline substituted methanol derivatives is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Regioselective Arylation on the C‐5 Position of N‐Aryl 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Yamajala K. Durga Bhaskar , Patil Mahendra , Banerjee Shaibal
Published: July 2015

The regioselective arylation of triazoles is carried out using a combination of Pd(OAc)2 and P(o‐tolyl)3 as catalyst under inert atmosphere.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Oxa‐Michael‐Aldol Cascade Reactions: Construction of Chiral 4H‐Chromenes with a Trifluoromethylated Tetrasubstituted Carbon Stereocenter.
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ajitha Manjaly J. , He Lin , Liu Kai , Dai Bin , Huang Kuo‐Wei
Published: July 2015

4H‐Chromenes bearing a trifluoromethylated chiral quaternary carbon center are synthesized via a novel oxa‐Michael—aldol cascade reaction between 2‐trifluoroacetylphenols and alkynals.
ChemInform Abstract: Proline Catalyzed, One‐Pot Three Component Mannich Reaction and Sequential Cyclization Toward the Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Piperidine and Pyrrolidine Alkaloids.
Authors: Chacko Shibin , Ramapanicker Ramesh
Published: July 2015

Piperidine derivative (IVb) serves as the substrate for the preparation of racemic N‐Boc‐coniine (Va), racemic pelletrine (Vb) and racemic sedridine or allosedridine (Vc), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐1‐trifluoromethyltetrahydroisoquinolines by Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed C(sp3)—H Bond Functionalization.
Authors: Mori Keiji , Umehara Nobuaki , Akiyama Takahiko
Published: July 2015

The Tf2NH‐catalyzed title cyclization proceeds diastereoselectively in favour of cis isomers for N‐protected imines (I) and (IV) and trans isomers for unprotected imines (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Target cum Flexibility: Synthesis of Indolo[1,2‐b]isoquinoline Derivatives via Cobalt‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cyclotrimerization.
Authors: Swami Anuradha , Ramana Chepuri V.
Published: July 2015

The unnatural 6,11‐dihydroindolo[1,2‐b]isoquinoline tetracyclic core is successfully constructed by a highly modular overall strategy which involves a synchronized step‐by‐step assembly of three different alkyne fragments with a complete freedom to change the substituents on any of desired position.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,4‐Fused 2‐Quinolones from an (ortho‐Aminophenyl)propiolate via Sequential Cycloaddition/Lactam Formation.
Authors: Murayama Tsukasa , Shibuya Masatoshi , Yamamoto Yoshihiko
Published: July 2015

The title reaction applies to various types of cycloaddition reactions, including Diels—Alder reaction and 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Fluorine Substituted Bicyclic Pyridines.
Authors: Zhu Dan‐Dan , Chen Xue‐Bing , Huang Rong , Yan Sheng‐Jiao , Lin Jun
Published: July 2015

Starting from heterocyclic ketene aminals, methylene‐containing diones, and triethoxymethane a one‐pot preparation of trifluoromethyl‐substituted fused bicyclic pyridine systems is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Organic Acids Promoted Synthesis of 3, 4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐ 2(1H)‐ones/thiones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Thorat Nitin M. , Thopate Shankar R.
Published: July 2015

Malic acid is found to be an effective promoter for the Biginelli reaction under solvent free conditions and conventional heating as well as microwave irradiation conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Biological Evaluation of Quinazoline Derivatives Containing the 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Scaffold as Novel Inhibitors of VEGFR2.
Authors: Qiao Fang , Yin Yong , Shen Yu‐Ning , Wang She‐Feng , Sha Shao , Wu Xun , Lu Ai‐Min , Xu Chen , Zhang Wei‐Ming , Zhu Hai‐Liang
Published: July 2015

Various of 4‐alkoxyquinazoline derivatives (V) are synthesized and screened for their inhibitory activity against A549, MCF‐7, and HeLa.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast, Microwave‐Promoted One‐Pot Synthesis of Bicyclic Pyrimidones from Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Liu Yongliang , Wan Kun , Wang Zengxue
Published: July 2015

and heterocyclic amines
ChemInform Abstract: Green Synthesis of Phosphorylated Chromenes from Hydroxy Phenones.
Authors: Hossaini Zinatossadat , Ghambarian Mehdi , Sharif Abad Saeid Afshari , Mohtat Bita
Published: July 2015

A new and successful strategy for the convenient synthesis of chromene phosphonate derivatives is reported via a one‐pot, three‐component condensation reaction of β‐hydroxy ketones, malononitrile or cyanoacetate and phosphites.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Scalarane Sesterterpenoids from the South China Sea Sponge Carteriospongia foliascens.
Authors: Cao Fei , Wu Ze‐Hong , Shao Chang‐Lun , Pang Sen , Liang Xiao‐Yan , de Voogd Nicole J. , Wang Chang‐Yun
Published: July 2015

The isolation and structure elucidation of carteriofenones A ‐ K is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Caesaljaponins A and B: New Cassane‐Type Furanoditerpenoids from the Seeds of Caesalpinia decapetala var. japonica
Authors: Kamikawa Sayuri , Ohta Emi , Ohta Shinji
Published: July 2015

isolation, structure and absolute stereochemistry
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Iridoids from the Stem of Catalpa ovata.
Authors: Hwang Bang Yeon
Published: July 2015

isolation and structure elucidation
ChemInform Abstract: Terpenoids from Rhizomes of Alpinia japonica Inhibiting Nitric Oxide Production.
Authors: Li Qiang‐Ming , Luo Jian‐Guang , Yang Ming‐Hua , Kong Ling‐Yi
Published: July 2015

A new sesquiterpenoid (I) and three new diterpenoids (II), (III) are isolated along with five known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Five Uvacalols: Structural Validation of Uvacalol A, Uvacalol B and Uvacalol C and Disproval of the Structures of Uvacalol E and Uvacalol G.
Authors: Vidyasagar Adiyala , Sureshan Kana M.
Published: July 2015

The structures of title carbasugars (I) ‐ (III) are verified by total synthesis, starting from D‐mannitol and using a ring closing metathesis as key‐step for installation of the cyclohexenyl core unit.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Bicyclic Sugar Oxazolidinone from D‐Glucosamine.
Authors: Sanapala Someswara Rao , Kulkarni Suvarn S.
Published: July 2015

The D‐glucosamine derivative (III) is efficiently transformed into oxazolidinone of D‐xylosamine (IV), D‐allosamine and D‐ribosamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Sulfoxides — Garlicnins K1 (I), K2 (II), and H1 (III) — Extracted from Allium sativum.
Authors: Nohara Toshihiro , Fujiwara Yukio , Komota Yusuke , Kondo Yoshihiko , Saku Taiki , Yamaguchi Koki , Komohara Yoshihiro , Takeya Motohiro
Published: July 2015

Isolation and structure elucidation of the new cyclic sulfoxides (I)—(III) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: A New DNA‐Intercalative Cytotoxic Allylic Xanthone from Swertia corymbosa.
Authors: Uvarani Chokkalingam , Arumugasamy Karuppannan , Chandraprakash Kumarasamy , Sankaran Mathan , Ata Athar , Mohan Palathurai Subramaniam
Published: July 2015

The title compound (I) is found to be significantly cytotoxic against human cancer cell lines HeLa, HCT116 and AGS and shows weak activity against the normal NIH 3T3 cell line.
ChemInform Abstract: trans‐Hydrogenation: Application to a Concise and Scalable Synthesis of Brefeldin A.
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Fuerstner Alois
Published: July 2015

Key step in this asymmetric total synthesis of brefeldin A (III) is the ruthenium‐catalyzed trans‐hydrogenation of cycloalkyne (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Carbon Nanospheres: Synthetic Routes and Applications
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Qiao Zhen‐An , Dai Sheng
Published: July 2015

Review: [66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conceptual Inorganic Materials Discovery — A Road Map
Authors: Jansen Martin
Published: July 2015

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Attachment‐Based Growth: Building Architecturally Defined Metal Nanocolloids Particle by Particle
Authors: Ataee‐Esfahani Hamed , Skrabalak Sara E.
Published: July 2015

Review: mechanistic insight into the synthesis of metal nanostructures using nanoparticles as primary building blocks; 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on Biologically Important Mixed Ligand Complexes and Their Application
Authors: Kumar Devesh , Singh Vipin Kumar , Srivastava Alka
Published: July 2015

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Organometallic Chemistry of Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Brennan Lorcan J. , Gun'ko Yurii K.
Published: July 2015

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Direct Addition of Unactivated C‐H Bonds to Polar Unsaturated Bonds
Authors: Yang Lei , Huang Hanmin
Published: July 2015

Review: 380 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐ or Fe‐Catalyzed C‐H/C‐C Bond Nitrogenation Reactions for the Direct Synthesis of N‐Containing Compounds
Authors: Liang Yujie , Liang Yu‐Feng , Jiao Ning
Published: July 2015

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes of Coumarins with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Balkanski Stefan , Kostova Irena
Published: July 2015

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Common Side Reactions of the Glycosyl Donor in Chemical Glycosylation
Authors: Christensen Helle M. , Oscarson Stefan , Jensen Henrik H.
Published: July 2015

Review: 292 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zethrene and Expanded Zethrenes with Tunable Ground States and Physical Properties
Authors: Sun Zhe , Wu Jishan
Published: July 2015

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Research for Introducing Gem‐Difluoromethylene Group into the Organic Molecules
Authors: Fang Chao , Wu Fanhong
Published: July 2015

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in Discovery of Small‐Molecule Modulators of Protein—Protein Interactions via Fragment Screening
Authors: Magee Thomas V.
Published: July 2015

Review: [56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction by Heterogeneously Supported Pd in Water: Recent Studies
Authors: Paul Susmita , Islam Md. Mominul , Islam Sk. Manirul
Published: July 2015

Review: [process made in the last fifteen years in the Suzuki—Miyaura coupling reaction by heterogeneous palladium catalysis in water; 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Artificial Metalloenzymes in Asymmetric Catalysis: Key Developments and Future Directions
Authors: Pamies Oscar , Dieguez Montserrat , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: July 2015

Review: [79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Greener and Expeditious Synthesis of Fused Six‐Membered N,N‐Heterocycles Using Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Kaur Navjeet
Published: July 2015

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Wavelength‐Selective Cleavage of Photoprotecting Groups: Strategies and Applications in Dynamic Systems
Authors: Hansen Mickel J. , Velema Willem A. , Lerch Michael M. , Szymanski Wiktor , Feringa Ben L.
Published: July 2015

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Bella Federico , Gerbaldi Claudio , Barolo Claudia , Graetzel Michael
Published: July 2015

Review: efforts towards the realization of an artificial photosynthetic system able to convert sunlight into electricity using water as solvent; 328 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Attack on Bacteria by the New Antibiotic Teixobactin
Authors: von Nussbaum Franz , Suessmuth Roderich D.
Published: July 2015

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances for FLAP Inhibitors
Authors: Pettersen Daniel , Davidsson Oejvind , Whatling Carl
Published: July 2015

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Directed Evolution 2.0: Improving and Deciphering Enzyme Properties
Authors: Cheng Feng , Zhu Leilei , Schwaneberg Ulrich
Published: July 2015

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Overview of Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste Fuel in China: Physical, Chemical Composition and Heating Value
Authors: Zhou Hui , Meng Ai Hong , Long Yan Qiu , Li Qing Hai , Zhang Yan Guo
Published: July 2015

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Hydrocarbon Biofuel Synthesis: Pathways and Enzymes
Authors: Lin Feng‐Ming , Marsh E. Neil G. , Lin Xiaoxia Nina
Published: July 2015

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiphotochromic Molecular Systems
Authors: Fihey Arnaud , Perrier Aurelie , Browne Wesley R. , Jacquemin Denis
Published: July 2015

Review: overview of available multiphotochromic compounds which use a variety of photoactive building blocks, their efficiency in terms of multi‐responsiveness and strategies to circumvent the most common limitations; 277 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticles with Metal‐Ion Binding Sites: Functional Systems for Chemosensing Applications
Authors: Pezzato C. , Maiti S. , Chen J. L.‐Y. , Cazzolaro A. , Gobbo C. , Prins L. J.
Published: July 2015

Review: [58 refs.
Non‐Metabolic Uptake of Al3+ by Dead Leaves of Rubus ulmifolius: Comparison With Metabolic Bioaccumulation Data
Authors: Lodeiro Pablo , López‐García Marta , Herrero Luz , Barriada José L. , Herrero Roberto , Carro Leticia , Vilariño Teresa , Rodríguez Pilar , Sastre de Vicente Manuel E.
Published: July 2015

This paper reports a physicochemical study (thermodynamic and kinetic data) describing the ability of Rubus ulmifolius biomass (dead leaves) for metal uptake. The toxicity of aluminum is a major problem for crops in acidic soils and therefore, aluminum has been selected. The results obtained indicate that dead R. ulmifolius leaves uptake up to 10 000 mg/kg on its surface in less than 60 min. This suggests that R. ulmifolius can be an excellent component with adsorbent properties for aquatic environments and in particular for amendments to be used in acidic soils in order to control aluminum levels, thus its toxicity. The results obtained have been critically analyzed and compared with literature on aluminum bioaccumulation. The application of a pseudo‐second order kinetic equation, not previously used in toxicity studies, is discussed. Moreover, a good linear correlation between stability constants for Al3+ complexes with several defined ligands and the Langmuir affinity constants obtained from the corresponding adsorption isotherm has been found. Therefore, in addition to its ethno‐botanical relevance, applications of R. ulmifolius as a detoxifier for aluminum in a simulated acidic gastrointestinal fluid, as phytostabilization agent in amendments or in natural attenuation cycles or as biomass for wastewater treatment containing aluminum, are suggested.
Basic, specific, mechanistic? Conceptualizing musical emotions in the brain
Authors: Omigie Diana
Published: July 2015

The number of studies investigating music processing in the human brain continues to increase, with a large proportion of them focussing on the correlates of so‐called musical emotions. The current Review highlights the recent development whereby such studies are no longer concerned only with basic emotions such as happiness and sadness but also with so‐called music‐specific or “aesthetic” ones such as nostalgia and wonder. It also highlights how mechanisms such as expectancy and empathy, which are seen as inducing musical emotions, are enjoying ever‐increasing investigation and substantiation with physiological and neuroimaging methods. It is proposed that a combination of these approaches, namely, investigation of the precise mechanisms through which so‐called music‐specific or aesthetic emotions may arise, will provide the most important advances for our understanding of the unique nature of musical experience. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1676–1686, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Programming Bioactive Architectures with Cyclic Peptide Amphiphiles
Authors: Kuan Seah Ling , Wang Tao , Raabe Marco , Liu Weina , Lamla Markus , Weil Tanja
Published: July 2015

We present a versatile approach for the synthesis of cyclic peptide amphiphiles of the hormone somatostatin (SST) with tunable lipophilic tails to program bioactive nanoarchitectures. A novel bis‐alkylation reagent is synthesized that facilitates the functionalization of SST with a thiol anchor. Different hydrophobic moieties are introduced inspired by a biomimetic palmitoylation approach which opens access to cyclic peptide amphiphiles that display rich self‐organization and cell membrane interactions.
Defining emergence: Learning from flock behavior
Authors: Berrondo Manuel , Sandoval Mario
Published: July 2015

The idea of emergence originates from the fact that global effects emerge from local interactions producing a collective coherent behavior. A particular instance of emergence is illustrated by a flocking model of interacting “boids” encompassing two antagonistic conducts—consensus and frustration—giving rise to highly complex, unpredictable, coherent behavior. The cohesive motion arising from consensus can be described in terms of three ordered dynamic phases. Once frustration is included in the model, local phases for specific groups of flockmates, and transitions among them, replace the global ordered phases. Following the evolution of boids in a single group, we discovered that the boids in this group will alternate among the three phases. When we compare two uncorrelated groups, the second group shows a similar behavior to the first one, but with a different sequence of phases. Besides the visual observation of our animations with marked boids, the result is evident plotting the local order parameters. Rather than adopting one of the consensus ordered phases, the flock motion resembles more an entangled dynamic sequence of phase transitions involving each group of flockmates. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 69–78, 2016
The Effects of Bug‐in‐the‐Eye Supervision on Therapeutic Alliance and Therapist Competence in Cognitive‐Behavioural Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Weck Florian , Jakob Marion , Neng Julia M. B. , Höfling Volkmar , Grikscheit Florian , Bohus Martin
Published: July 2015

Live supervision enables a supervisor to have direct insight into the psychotherapeutic process and allows him or her to provide immediate feedback to the trainee. Therefore, live supervision might be superior to traditional supervisory formats that only allow for the provision of delayed feedback. When considering the different live supervision formats, bug‐in‐the‐eye (BITE) supervision is particularly promising because of its improved and less invasive procedure. The current study compared the efficacy of BITE supervision with that of delayed video‐based (DVB) supervision. In the present study, 23 therapists were randomly assigned to either the BITE supervision or DVB supervision groups. The participants were psychotherapy trainees who treated 42 patients (19 under BITE supervision and 23 under DVB supervision) over 25 sessions of cognitive‐behavioural therapy. Two independent raters blind to the treatment conditions evaluated therapeutic alliance and therapist competence based on 195 videotapes. Therapeutic alliance was significantly stronger among the treatments conducted under BITE supervision than those conducted under DVB supervision. Moreover, a higher level of therapeutic competence was found in the BITE condition than in the DVB condition. However, no differences between supervision conditions were found when the results were controlled for the level of therapeutic alliance and therapist competence demonstrated in the first session. No differences were observed between the supervision conditions with respect to patient outcomes. There is evidence that BITE supervision is able to improve therapeutic alliance and therapist competence. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution because possible pre‐treatment differences between therapists might explain the superiority of BITE supervision. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

BITE supervision positively influences the therapeutic alliance and therapeutic competencies during cognitive‐behavioural therapy.

A supervision format that more directly addresses therapeutic processes is more effective in improving those processes than an indirect supervision format.

Pre‐treatment differences between therapists might explain the superiority of BITE supervision.

BITE supervision can be considered a safe intervention.
Targeting the gastrointestinal tract to develop novel therapies for HIV
Authors: Reeves RK , Burgener A , Klatt NR
Published: July 2015

Despite the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), which delays and/or prevents AIDS pathogenesis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected individuals continue to face increased morbidities and mortality rates compared with uninfected individuals. Gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal dysfunction is a key feature of HIV infection, and is associated with mortality. In this study, we review current knowledge about mucosal dysfunction in HIV infection, and describe potential avenues for therapeutic targets to enhance mucosal function and decrease morbidities and mortalities in HIV‐infected individuals.
Synthesis, morphology and structure of the dense (Y1‐xEux)2O3 spherical shape particles
Authors: Bezkrovnyi O. S. , Matveevskaya N. A. , Yermolayeva Yu. V. , Tolmachev A. V. , Prymak O. , Epple M. , Baumer V. N.
Published: July 2015

The method to decrease of the porosity (densification) of crystalline spherical particles of the solid substitution solution, obtained by the method of precipitation from aqueous solution followed by low temperature crystallization of the amorphous intermediate product was proposed. The comparative analysis of morphology and structure of the particles before and after densification have been carried. It has been established that porosity of (Y1‐xEux)2O3 particles has decreased 5 times compared to their initial state. It has been shown that densification process of the (Y1‐xEux)2O3 spherical particles changes their morphology and structure: the size of the crystals doubles, the number and area of crystalline boundaries decrease, the intercrystalline spaces, which forming pores, are almost absent.
Accuracy of implant surgery with surgical guide by inexperienced clinicians: an in vitro study
Authors: Toyoshima Takeshi , Tanaka Hideaki , Sasaki Masanori , Ichimaru Eiji , Naito Yasushi , Matsushita Yasuyuki , Koyano Kiyoshi , Nakamura Seiji
Published: July 2015

Implant surgery with surgical guide has been introduced with a concept of position improvement. The surgery might be considered as easy even for inexperienced clinician because of step simplicity. However, there are residual risks, resulting in postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of implant surgery with surgical guide by inexperienced clinicians in in vitro. After preoperative computed tomographies (CTs) of five artificial models of unilateral free‐end edentulism with scan templates, five surgical guides were established from templates. Following virtual planning, 10 implants were placed in the 45 and 47 regions by five residents without any placement experiences. All drillings and placements were performed using surgical guides. After postoperative CTs, inaccurate verifications between virtual and actual positions of implants were carried out, by overlaying of pre/postoperative CT data. The angle displacement of implant axis in the 47 region was significantly larger than that in the 45 region (P = 0.031). The 3D offset of implant base in the 47 region was significantly larger than that in the 45 region (P = 0.002). For distal/apical directions, displacements of base in the 47 region were significantly larger than those in the 45 region (P = 0.004 andP = 0.003, respectively). The 3D offset of implant tip in the 47 region was significantly larger than that in the 45 region (P = 0.003). For distal/apical directions, displacements of tip in the 47 region were significantly larger than those in the 45 region (P = 0.002 andP = 0.003, respectively). Within limitations of this in vitro study, data for accuracy of implant surgery with surgical guide would be informative for further studies, because in vitro studies should be substantially made to avoid unnecessary burden of patients, in advance of retro/prospective studies. A comparison of the accuracy in this in vitro model between by inexperienced and well‐experienced operators should be necessary for clinicians intending to use surgical guide for placement.
Design of recursive digital integrators and differentiators using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Jalloul Manal K. , Al‐Alaoui Mohamad Adnan
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a new method for designing digital recursive integrators and differentiators by using nonlinear stochastic global optimization based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). A modified PSO is used to optimize the unknown coefficients of second‐order and third‐order recursive integrators in order to obtain a better magnitude response closer to the ideal integrator. The coefficients of the state‐of‐the‐art available filters in the literature are chosen as initial points in the PSO process. By choosing a good starting point, convergence to an optimal solution is greatly facilitated. A dynamic modification of the fitness function used in the PSO process leads to the design of a set of digital integrators each optimized for a specific frequency range. Then, second‐order and third‐order recursive digital differentiators are designed by inverting and stabilizing the transfer functions of the designed recursive integrators. The obtained stabilized differentiators are further optimized using PSO to further improve their performance. The magnitude responses of the designed filters outperform the existing integrators and differentiators. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive fuzzy multiple attribute decision routing in VANETs
Authors: Li Gen , Ma Maode , Liu Chunfeng , Shu Yantai
Published: July 2015

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have attracted much research attentions in the recent years. Although there are many outstanding solutions of geographic routing designed for the VANETs, only one or two features of the VANETs have been specifically utilized in each of the proposed solutions. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive fuzzy multiple attribute decision routing (AFMADR) scheme, by which a packet carrier is supposed to be a decision maker in the selection of a target for the next hop transmission with more factors to be considered. The AFMADR scheme consists of four steps. Firstly, the candidate vehicles are characterized by four attributes including the distance, the direction, the road density, and the location to obtain a fuzzy attribute score of each attribute. Secondly, according to the real‐time conditions of the candidates' attributes, weights of attributes will be calculated by the proposed adaptive weight algorithm, which makes the AFMADR scheme more scalable and robust in different VANET scenarios. Then, a fuzzy performance score will be produced for each candidate based on the fuzzy attribute score and their real‐time weights. Lastly, a route decision is made by choosing a candidate with the highest performance score as the target for the next hop transmission. We carry out simulation experiments to compare the performance of the AFMADR scheme with the existing well‐known geographic routing protocols for the VANETs. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed AFMADR scheme can achieve the best performance in terms of the highest delivery ratio and the lowest delivery delay with a reasonable number of hops among all protocols in all the simulation scenarios. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of a rumor‐spreading model with diversity of configurations in scale‐free networks
Authors: Hosseini Soodeh , Abdollahi Azgomi Mohammad , Torkaman Rahmani Adel
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we propose a new rumor‐spreading model, which is a variant of the susceptible–exposed–infectious–removed epidemic model. We consider the influences of the diversity of configurations as a defense strategy to diminish the damage brought by rumor diffusion. The diversity of configuration can be found in different instant messengers or social networks. Moreover, we apply two kinds of the rumor immunization strategies such as random immunization and targeted immunization and show that targeted immunization is better than random immunization for rumor‐spreading control in scale‐free networks. We carry out the systematic analysis of the model and study the local and global stability of rumor‐free equilibrium. In the proposed model, we introduce two new states, namely, hibernator and stifler2, to study dynamical behaviors of the model. The proposed model combines both targeted immunization and diversity of configuration to prevent rumor spreading. By numerical simulations, we indicate that our model is appreciably better than other models in terms of declining the rumor diffusion speed. Furthermore, we investigate many related dynamic properties to make the result more complete. Simulation results show the effect of different parameters on the rumor diffusion in scale‐free networks; meanwhile, numerical simulations confirm the theoretical solution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High grade endometrial stromal sarcoma on thinprep
Authors: Ginter Paula S. , Pirog Edyta C. , Hoda Rana S.
Published: July 2015

High grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HGESS) is an uncommon malignancy recently re‐defined in the new WHO classification of endometrial stromal tumors. In this article, we discuss the differential diagnoses of metastatic HGESS in a fine needle aspiration (FNA) of a lymph node and compare the cytomorphology of HGESS in ThinPrep [(TP), Hologic Inc., Boxborough, MA] to conventional smears (CS).

The patient had a history of stage I HGESS, status‐post supracervical hysterectomy without regional lymph node metastases. Her post‐operative course was complicated by pelvic fluid collections and enlarging para‐aortic lymph nodes. Diff‐Quik (DQ)‐stained and Papanicolaou (Pap)‐stained smears from a para‐aortic lymph node FNA demonstrated a cellular specimen with monomorphic population of plump to oval cells with scant, wispy cytoplasm in aggregates and as single cells. The nuclei showed fine chromatin and small inconspicuous nucleoli. Compared to the CS, HGESS cells in the TP showed similar cytological features, with the exception that the nuclei were slightly smaller, hyperchromatic, and the chromatin pattern was attenuated.

In the absence of prior clinical history, the cytomorphology of metastatic HGESS in a lymph node can be difficult to differentiate from a lymphoma, a variety of metastatic spindle cell tumors or metastatic carcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis and comparison with the primary tumor can be useful in proving the nature of the malignant cells. The cytomorphology of HGESS on TP correlated well in both single cells and aggregates when compared to CS. The differences noted were decreased nuclear size, nuclear hyperchromasia, and slightly attenuated nuclear detail on TP. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:756–762. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with type 2 diabetes among a middle‐ and old‐age Chinese population
Authors: Han Xu , Li Yaru , Wang Jing , Liu Bing , Hu Hua , Li Xiulou , Yang Kun , Yuan Jing , Yao Ping , Wei Sheng , Wang Youjie , Liang Yuan , Miao Xiaoping , Zhang Xiaomin , Guo Huan , Yang Handong , Wu Tangchun , He Meian
Published: July 2015

Background

Although the association of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection with diabetes mellitus has been evaluated, findings are controversial. This study investigated the association in a Chinese population.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study, including a total of 30 810 subjects from the Dongfeng‐Tongji Cohort study, was conducted. H. pylori status was measured via 14C urea breath test. Association analysis was performed by logistic regression, with multivariable adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, physical activity and the use of antibiotics.

Results

Among a middle‐age and old‐age Chinese population, individuals with H. pylori infection also had a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (21.3% versus 20.2%, p = 0.026). H. pylori infection was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes [odds ratio, 1.08 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.14); p = 0.008] after adjustment for other confounders. The association was significant among women, those who were above 65 years old, not overweight or obese, and those who did not smoke, did not consume alcohol and without family history of diabetes. However, there was no interaction between H. pylori infection and other traditional risk factors on type 2 diabetes risk. Subjects with H. pylori infection had a lower level of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.0001) and higher levels of blood pressure (p < 0.001), total cholesterol, HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (p < 0.0001) than those who did not.

Conclusions

These findings suggested that H. pylori infection was associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in a middle‐age and old‐age Chinese population. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grhl2 is required in nonneural tissues for neural progenitor survival and forebrain development
Authors: Menke Chelsea , Cionni Megan , Siggers Trevor , Bulyk Martha L. , Beier David R. , Stottmann Rolf W.
Published: July 2015

Grainyhead‐like genes are part of a highly conserved gene family that play a number of roles in ectoderm development and maintenance in mammals. Here we identify a novel allele of Grhl2, cleft‐face 3 (clft3), in a mouse line recovered from an ENU mutagenesis screen for organogenesis defects. Homozygous clft3 mutants have a number of phenotypes in common with other alleles of Grhl2. We note a significant effect of genetic background on the clft3 phenotype. One of these is a reduction in size of the telencephalon where we find abnormal patterns of neural progenitor mitosis and apoptosis in mutant brains. Interestingly, Grhl2 is not expressed in the developing forebrain, suggesting this is a survival factor for neural progenitors exerting a paracrine effect on the neural tissue from the overlying ectoderm where Grhl2 is highly expressed. genesis 53:573–582, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overview of genetic research in anorexia nervosa: The past, the present and the future
Authors: Brandys Marek K. , de Kovel Carolien G.F. , Kas Martien J. , van Elburg Annemarie A. , Adan Roger A.H.
Published: July 2015

Background

Even though the evidence supporting the presence of a heritable component in the aetiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) is strong, the underlying genetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. The recent publication of a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of AN (Boraska, Mol Psychiatry, 2014) was an important step in genetic research in AN.

Objective

To briefly sum up strengths and weaknesses of candidate‐gene and genome‐wide approaches, to discuss the genome‐wide association studies of AN and to make predictions about the genetic architecture of AN by comparing it to that of schizophrenia (since the diseases share some similarities and genetic research in schizophrenia is more advanced).

Method

Descriptive literature review.

Results

Despite remarkable efforts, the gene‐association studies in AN did not advance our knowledge as much as had been hoped, although some results still await replication.

Discussion

Continuous effort of participants, clinicians and researchers remains necessary to ensure that genetic research in AN follows a similarly successful path as in schizophrenia. Identification of genetic susceptibility loci provides a basis for follow‐up studies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:814–825)
Predictors of treatment outcome in individuals with eating disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vall Eva , Wade Tracey D.
Published: July 2015

Objective

Understanding the factors that predict a favourable outcome following specialist treatment for an eating disorder may assist in improving treatment efficacy, and in developing novel interventions. This review and meta‐analysis examined predictors of treatment outcome and drop‐out.

Method

A literature search was conducted to identify research investigating predictors of outcome in individuals treated for an eating disorder. We organized predictors first by statistical type (simple, meditational, and moderational), and then by category. Average weighted mean effect sizes (r) were calculated for each category of predictor.

Results

The most robust predictor of outcome at both end of treatment (EoT) and follow‐up was the meditational mechanism of greater symptom change early during treatment. Simple baseline predictors associated with better outcomes at both EoT and follow‐up included higher BMI, fewer binge/purge behaviors, greater motivation to recover, lower depression, lower shape/weight concern, fewer comorbidities, better interpersonal functioning and fewer familial problems. Drop‐out was predicted by more binge/purge behaviors and lower motivation to recover. For most predictors, there was large interstudy variability in effect sizes, and outcomes were operationalized in different ways. There were generally insufficient studies to allow analysis of predictors by eating disorder subtype or treatment type.

Discussion

To ensure that this area continues to develop with robust and clinically relevant findings, future studies should adopt a consistent definition of outcome and continue to examine complex multivariate predictor models. Growth in this area will allow for stronger conclusions to be drawn about the prediction of outcome for specific diagnoses and treatment types.
Mindfulness and eating behavior in adolescent girls at risk for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Pivarunas Bernadette , Kelly Nichole R. , Pickworth Courtney K. , Cassidy Omni , Radin Rachel M. , Shank Lisa M. , Vannucci Anna , Courville Amber B. , Chen Kong Y. , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Yanovski Jack A. , Shomaker Lauren B.
Published: July 2015

Objective

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship of dispositional mindfulness to binge eating and associated eating attitudes and behaviors among adolescent girls at risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

Participants were 114 overweight or obese adolescents enrolled in a study of girls with a family history of T2D and mild depressive symptoms. Adolescent self‐reports of mindfulness, eating in the absence of hunger, and depressive symptoms were collected. An interview was administered to determine presence of binge eating episodes and a behavioral task was used to assess the reinforcing value of food relative to other nonsnack food rewards. Body composition was assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.

Results

In analyses accounting for race, percent body fat, lean mass, height, age, and depressive symptoms, dispositional mindfulness was associated with a lower odds of binge eating (p = .002). Controlling for the same potential confounds, mindfulness was also inversely associated with eating concern, eating in the absence of hunger in response to fatigue/boredom, and higher food reinforcement relative to physical activity (all p < .05).

Discussion

In girls with a family history of T2D, independent of body composition and depressive symptoms, intraindividual differences in mindfulness are related to binge eating and associated attitudes and behaviors that may confer risk for obesity and metabolic problems. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which mindfulness plays a role in the etiology and/or maintenance of disinhibited eating in adolescents at risk for T2D. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:563–569)
NLRP3 inflammasome activation downstream of cytoplasmic LPS recognition by both caspase‐4 and caspase‐5
Authors: Baker Paul J. , Boucher Dave , Bierschenk Damien , Tebartz Christina , Whitney Paul G. , D'Silva Damian B. , Tanzer Maria C. , Monteleone Mercedes , Robertson Avril A. B. , Cooper Matthew A. , Alvarez‐Diaz Silvia , Herold Marco J. , Bedoui Sammy , Schroder Kate , Masters Seth L.
Published: July 2015

Humans encode two inflammatory caspases that detect cytoplasmic LPS, caspase‐4 and caspase‐5. When activated, these trigger pyroptotic cell death and caspase‐1‐dependent IL‐1β production; however the mechanism underlying this process is not yet confirmed. We now show that a specific NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950, prevents caspase‐4/5‐dependent IL‐1β production elicited by transfected LPS. Given that both caspase‐4 and caspase‐5 can detect cytoplasmic LPS, it is possible that these proteins exhibit some degree of redundancy. Therefore, we generated human monocytic cell lines in which caspase‐4 and caspase‐5 were genetically deleted either individually or together. We found that the deletion of caspase‐4 suppressed cell death and IL‐1β production following transfection of LPS into the cytoplasm, or in response to infection with Salmonella typhimurium. Although deletion of caspase‐5 did not confer protection against transfected LPS, cell death and IL‐1β production were reduced after infection with Salmonella. Furthermore, double deletion of caspase‐4 and caspase‐5 had a synergistic effect in the context of Salmonella infection. Our results identify the NLRP3 inflammasome as the specific platform for IL‐1β maturation, downstream of cytoplasmic LPS detection by caspase‐4/5. We also show that both caspase‐4 and caspase‐5 are functionally important for appropriate responses to intracellular Gram‐negative bacteria.
Re‐esterified oils from palm acid oil do not alter pork fatty acid composition
Authors: Tres Alba , Muzofa Farayi Martin , Vilarrasa Ester , Guardiola Francesc , Codony Rafael
Published: July 2015

New fat products have been developed by chemically re‐esterifying acid oils (a by‐product of the food oil refining industry) with glycerol (a by‐product from biodiesel industry). These new products show lower free fatty acid content than acid oils and a fatty acid distribution within the positions of acylglycerols different from that of native oils. In this paper, we aim at assessing if the unique composition of re‐esterified palm oils (compared to native and acid oils) would affect pork and back fat fatty acid composition. A total of 24 pigs were fed one of the four experimental diets containing 4% experimental fat: native palm oil (PN), palm acid oil (PA), or two re‐esterified palm oils (PEL and PEH). Our results show that meat from pigs fed re‐esterified palm oils did not differ significantly in terms of total fatty acid and sn‐2 fatty acid compositions compared to PN or PA.

Practical applications: Acid oils are by‐products of the food industry. They could be re‐utilized as feed ingredients but their free fatty acid content is usually high. High free fatty acid contents in diets have been related to low digestibility values when used in feed. New fat products have been developed by their chemical esterification with glycerol (a by‐product from biodiesel industry). Here, we have verified that these re‐esterified products would not alter pork fatty acid composition with respect to the use of native palm oil. Since results on productive parameters showed that they might increase feed efficiency and digestibility, overall the results support the re‐utilization of these fat by‐products in feed, alternative to the use of native palm oil or palm acid oil, provided that the benefits of the increase in feed efficiency counteract the cost of the esterification process.

New fat products have been developed by chemically re‐esterifying palm acid oil (a by‐product of the palm oil refining industry) with glycerol. Compared to acid oils, they show a reduction of free fatty acids and an increase of partial acylglycerols. The fatty acid distribution within the positions of acylglycerols is different from that of native oils. This study has shown that their use in pig feed does not modify pork fatty acid composition compared to native or acid palm oil.