bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sensorimotor Rehabilitation Protocol on Vertical Ground Reaction Force and Loading Rate in Men with Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yalfani Ali , Ahmadi Mohamadreza , Asgarpoor Azadeh
Published: November 2024

ntroduction: The change of vertical ground reaction force and loading rate rate is a important factor in causing patellofemoral pain (PFP). The aim of this study was the effect of sensory-motor exercises on the vertical ground reaction force and loading rate in patients with PFP when stair descent.
Methods: A total of 30 patients with PFP participated and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 subject in each group). Over a period of twelve weeks, the experimental group engaged in sensorimotor exercises, while the control group did not receive any therapeutic intervention. Pain intensity, fear of movement, quadriceps muscle strength, knee flexion angle, components of vertical ground reaction force and loading rate were evaluated in two stages pre-test and post-test. For data analysis SPSS 16 software and the covariance statistical method were used to compare the results between groups, and the significance level was considered 0.05.
Results: The analysis of covariance analysis indicated that sensorimotor exercises in the experimental group compared to the control group had a significant difference in reduced pain (P <0.001), reduced fear of movement (P <0.001), incresed quadriceps muscle strength (P  <0.001), incresed knee flexion angle (P <0.001), components of vertical ground reaction force (P <0.001), and reduced loading rate (P <0.001).
Conclusion: The finding suggest that the experimental group experienced a boost in in quadriceps muscle strength, leading to diminished pain and fear of movement, an increase in knee flexion angle, and enhanced active shock absorption. Consequently, there was an increase in both peak forces while the loading rate and valley force decreased.
SAÚDE DA MULHER IDOSA: QUALIDADE DE VIDA E PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO
Authors: Do Amaral Rodrigues Bianca , Araújo de Bulhões Samara , Carvalho Leite Medeiros Ana Laura , Pissetti Cristina Wide
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) de mulheres idosas sem comprometimento cognitivo acompanhadas em um ambulatório de geriatria de um hospital universitário e caracterizar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico desse grupo. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, observacional, com abordagem quantitativa. O estudo foi realizado em um hospital universitário. Elas responderam a três questionários – um de caráter sociodemográfico e dois, WHOQOL-OLD e WHOQOL-BREF, de QV. Resultados: os achados em QV, no geral, foram favoráveis para as idosas. Quanto ao perfil clínico e socioeconômico, a amostra foi composta predominantemente por mulheres não brancas, viúvas, católicas, com baixa escolaridade, sedentárias, em sobrepeso, não fumantes e não etilistas, com renda mensal entre baixa e média-baixa. Conclusões: Diante do limitado volume de estudos com esse objetivo de pesquisa, espera-se que esses resultados possam contribuir com dados no sentido de fornecer evidências das demandas da mulher idosa.
Palavras-chave: Qualidade de Vida. Saúde da Mulher. Saúde da Pessoa Idosa. Perfil de Saúde. Epidemiologia Descritiva.
Mexican Mint (Coleus amboinicus) Emulgel: Natural Solution for Antidandruff Hair Care
Authors:   Mumbai Educational Trust’s Institute of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Shetty Sakshi , Naik Sonali , Suvarna Likhitha
Published: November 2024

Today, the world is developing more and more in all sectors at a faster pace. But with all these developments, people are more prone to falling ill due to factors such as pollution, unhealthy lifestyles, busy work schedules, etc. Nowadays, even children suffer from the issue of dandruff and scalp infections which in later teenage years leads to unhealthy scalp and hair fall problems. Dandruff is a common scalp condition that affects individuals of all ages. It not only causes discomfort but also undermines hair health and aesthetics. Although scalp disorders are not among those that cause severe physical illness or morbidity yet are of great social concern. Scalp and hair conditions have more of a psychological impact on societies. Even minor changes in hair like graying of hair, affects the self-confidence and self-esteem of an individual. There are many types of medications and formulations to treat hair dandruff issues, one of which includes a novel drug delivery system such as “Emulgel” in the form of a mask. The anti-dandruff hair mask offers multiple benefits, including reduction in scalp inflammation and effective management of hair dandruff problems. Furthermore, it rejuvenates the scalp and nourishes hair follicles due to its natural vitamins and nutrient content.

Keywords: Dandruff, Pityriasis capitis, Seborrheic dermatitis, Mexican mint, Herbal hair mask, Hair mask
Rotation-based heat transfer enhancement for shell-and-tube latent thermal energy storage systems: From mechanisms to applications
Authors: Li Zhi , Fang Chengdong , Wu Qian , Jiang Ruicheng , Yu Xiaoli
Published: November 2024

Latent thermal energy storage (LTES) is an important energy storage technology to mitigate the discrepancy between energy source and energy supply, and it has great application prospects in many areas, such as solar energy utilization, geothermal energy utilization and electricity storage. However, LTES systems suffer from the low thermal conductivity of most phase-change materials (PCMs), threatening their large-scale commercial applications. To tackle this challenge, heat transfer enhancement for LTES systems is critically important and has been widely investigated worldwide. Convectional heat transfer enhancement techniques, including fins, nanoparticles and multiple PCMs, can significantly improve the charging and discharging rates of an LTES system. Recently, rotation-based methods have emerged to provide new routes for the heat transfer enhancement of LTES systems, and many achievements have been obtained by researchers around the world. This study conducted a short review of the mechanisms and applications of three rotation-based heat transfer enhancement methods, aiming to provide deep insights into these novel heat transfer enhancement methods and propel their future development and applications.
Mitokrytyka w badaniach literackich
Authors: Karwowska Marzena
Published: November 2024

Monografia Mitokrytyka w badaniach literackich prezentuje specyfikę metodologii mitokrytycznej (zwanej niekiedy mitodologią) wprowadzonej do kanonu humanistycznego przez Gilberta Duranda, a rozwijanych do dziś przez jego uczniów i kontynuatorów.  Celem książki jest pokazanie potencjału mitokrytyki jako metody hermeneutyki tekstu w badaniach literaturoznawczych, w szczególności w badaniach polonistycznych. W monografii podjęta została próba uporządkowania słownika mitokrytycznego, zdefiniowania podstawowych terminów teoretycznych składających się na warsztat badawczy współczesnego mitokrytyka. Przez ostatnie dziesięciolecia światowych badań mitokrytycznych wyłoniła się wręcz nowa poetyka dzieła literackiego, z nową specyficzną terminologią, proponująca nowe narzędzia badawcze, w Polsce ciągle jeszcze funkcjonująca na marginesach lektur w dyskursie zdominowanym przez dynamicznie zmieniające się metodologiczne mody. Monografia składa się z dwóch, wzajemnie dopełniających się części. Część pierwsza, zatytułowana Mitokrytyka. Teoretyczne ustalenia i aporie jest próbą usystematyzowania najważniejszych zagadnień teoretycznoliterackich dotyczących mitokrytyki jako specyficznej metody hermeneutyki dzieła literackiego, z uwzględnieniem dziś już kanonicznych tekstów założycielskich oraz najnowszego światowego stanu badań. Część druga: Reimmersja kulturowa mitu ukazuje alienację, tekstualizację i literaryzację mitu, artystyczne sposoby odradzania się mitu jako antropologicznej struktury wyobraźni w literaturze dwudziestego wieku. Zaprezentowane zostały: dystorsja literacka mitu, fenomen mitopoetyzacji, rekonstytuowanie się w konkretnych utworach literackich mitemów, które zakorzenione są w kulturze od wieków oraz ich inkorporacja w nowoczesne schematy narracyjne.
Scope of Rain-fed Integrated Farming System in Dry Farming Condition: A Review
Authors: Jotangiya K.S. , Vora V.D. , Hirpara D.S. , Kaneria S.C. , Vekaria P.D.
Published: November 2024

In India, nearly 76 million hectares of land is under rain fed cultivation and therefore, rain fed agriculture will continue to play an important role in the Indian economy. The discouraging results of conventional cropping systems in advancing the productivity of small farms were the driving force in the development of farming systems research. It views the whole farm as a system with the integration of crops, animals, poultry, soils, labor and other all available inputs and environmental influences wherein the farm family attempts to produce outputs within the limitations of its capability and resources and the socio-cultural setting. IFS seem to be the possible solution to the continuous increase of demand for food and nutrition and income stability particularly for small and marginal farmers with little resources. This new concept of IFS will help in productivity enhancement, employment generation, gave more income and nutritional security both for human and livestock. IFS different components are complementary relate with each other and one component become source of food for other components. This literature on scope of rain-fed integrated farming system in dry farming condition is reviewed and presented below.
Aprendizaje social en interacciones de cocreación. Análisis desde representaciones sociales
Authors: Parra Castrillón J. Eucario
Published: November 2024

The objective was to encourage participation for direction and social learning with co-creation processes. A qualitative approach was used, and the study population was NARP communities (blacks, afros, raizales and palenqueros) from Medellín. The results configured four categories: social representations about the NARP community; social representations about a foundation specialized in ethno-health; social learning; co-creation development for strategic direction and knowledge management. It was concluded that co-creation processes flow if the participants have a shared vision of the problems, the challenges are intrinsically in each participant and creativity is linked to solidarity. It was found that collective creativity processes generate dialogic social learning, situated in specific problems and add capabilities for territorial development.
Neurodidáctica y metacognición en la educación oficial colombiana: Hacia un aprendizaje significativo
Authors: Vélez Valencia Juan Pablo
Published: November 2024

Education, as a social construct, should be focused on the formation of people around meaningful learning, although, as evidenced in Colombian classrooms, this seems to be a very distant possibility in many public schools (I. E.), in such way that term does not even seem to be found in the PEI curricular proposals. The purpose of this reflection lies in the intention of communicating a perceived need in official classrooms, to propose new ways of doing education and transforming contexts, through the promotion of metacognition as the ability to reason about the learning process itself, thus providing students with tools to build their own judgments and support them in their formation as critical individuals. Through the exposition of some authors works this document presents criticisms of the educational system and training, while proposing new approaches to improve and to become better teachers. It is concluded that it is urgent to make fundamental modifications to the academic curricula of Colombian public schools. It is also necessary to promote the insertion of neurodidactics in school life, in order to strengthen meaningful learning in students.
Standards for Employing Formers in P/CVE
Authors: Clubb Gordon , Sengfelder Katharina , Altier Mary Beth , Scrivens Ryan , Islam Didarul
Published: November 2024

The active involvement or employment of former extremists (Formers) in preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) has been a feature of the P/CVE landscape for over a decade. While divisive, a consensus is emerging that what is considered productive involvement of Formers is dependent on several factors related to the individual, the programme type, and the geographical and political context of the PCVE intervention. For years, leaders in the PCVE field have argued that standards are needed to delineate these factors and to guide PCVE programmes that choose to include Formers. The Involving Formers project entailed extensive dialogue and consensus-building efforts between international practitioners (including Formers) and academics working with Formers, manifesting through a series of international conferences, an edited book, and a Delphi study utilising interviews and surveys. This report presents the international expert consensus on the standards that programmes involving Formers in PCVE should adopt to safeguard programmes, service users, and staff. The standards cover areas such as hiring and screening practices, compensation and professional support, and programme structures. We recommend that PCVE programmes, practitioners, and funders working in this space should: a) publicly promote the standards to facilitate their recognition as third-party voluntary standards; b) develop reasonable plans to implement and provide feedback on the standards in their own practices; and c) support the establishment of a body to locate and support the wider development of standards in P/CVE for all practitioners.
Biofactories: new models for production and access to agricultural inputs in Latin America
Authors: Goulet Frédéric , Guerrero Poveda Daniela , Odjo Sylvanus
Published: November 2024

The production and access to alternatives to chemical agricultural inputs are key issues today. In Latin America, solutions to these challenges (see Perspectives 55, May 2021) are becoming available thanks to the rise of biological inputs – including biofertilizers, biocontrol agents and biostimulants - resulting from many years of public investment in research and development, and a significant industrial drive in developing technologies based on micro-organisms, macro-organisms or plant extracts. However, the sector is taking a different route from the traditional agri-supply channels: NGOs, farmer networks, public policies and even some private stakeholders are encouraging the production of bio-inputs in bio-factories, directly on farms or in community facilities in rural areas. While these biofactories open up new prospects, they also face major challenges.
Improving Dental and Oral Health Through Empowering Village Youth to Enhance Awareness Regarding the Importance of Dentures
Authors: Prabowo Harly , Ariani Maretaningtias Dwi , Kurdi Abil , Rahmania Primanda Nur , Sona Nabila , Imani Aurellia Della , Indrarini Ratri , Wicaksono Haryo Adhiweno , Ryani Adelisa Devita
Published: November 2024

Background: Dental and oral health, which is an inseparable part of general body health, is still widely ignored since adolescence. Maintaining the integrity of teeth is an important part of dental and oral health. Tooth loss can cause functional, aesthetic, and social problems, reduce a person's quality of life, and can be an effective indicator of community oral health. Purpose: Empowering and educating about dental and oral health for adolescents to increase their awareness of dental and oral health. Method: Dental and oral health counseling and dental health examinations were conducted on 50 adolescents, students of Madrasah Aliyah Miftahul Ulum, Melirang, Gresik. This study included quantitative and qualitative methods to assess changes in knowledge and perceptions about denture care among participants. The stages of implementation carried out in this study included pre-test, counseling, question and answer, post-test, dental and oral examination. Results: The examination results showed that out of 50 teenagers at MA Miftahul Ulum, Melirang, Gresik, 0 used dentures, 0 had caries + missing teeth, 0 had missing teeth, 3 had restorations, 5 had caries + remaining roots, 9 had remaining roots, 9 had caries, and 29 had no abnormalities. The results of the post-test questionnaire showed an increase in insight, compared to the pre-test. Conclusion: The conclusion of the activity showed that there was an increase in adolescents' knowledge and understanding of dental and oral health, as well as the importance of using dentures.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY SUPPORT AND IDWG VALUES IN CKD PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Nurfarida Dian , Adiutama Novian Mahayu , Fauziah Wardah
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Every month's regular menstrual cycle should ideally span 21-35 days.  The menstrual cycle is influenced by several factors, namely stress levels and sleep quality. Menstrual cycle disorders indicate metabolic and endocrine system irregularities. The impact that often occurs due to menstrual cycle disorders is infertility and difficulty identifying the fertile period. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between stress levels and sleep quality with the menstrual cycle in seventh-semester nursing students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan. Methods: This research design uses correlation analytics with a cross-sectional approach using a simple random sampling technique with a sample of 111 respondents. Measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale questionnaire sheet for stress levels and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire for sleep quality. After tabulating the data and analyzing it using the Spearmen Rank test. Results: This study showed that almost half of 45 female students (38.7%) experienced mild stress and more than half of the 60 female students (54.1%) had poor sleep quality.  Conclusions: Based on the results of the analysis using the Spearmen rank test, the value of p = 0.000, where p <0.05 means that there is a relationship between stress levels and sleep quality with the menstrual cycle in nursing students in semester VII of Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan. Based on this research, it is expected that female students can reduce stress, get enough sleep 7-8 hours, diet, and control weight so that the menstrual cycle returns to normal.
The Phenomenon of Overtourism in Places Associated with Protected Areas
Authors: Raszka Beata , Hełdak Maria , Janik Weronika
Published: November 2024

The study analysed the problem of overtourism in Szklarska Poreba and the Karkonosze Mts National Park [KNP] (Poland, Lower Silesia voivodeship), i.e. the protected area directly associated with the city and municipality of Szklarska Poreba. The aim of the study was 1.to determine whether the phenomenon of overtourism occurs in this area and 2. what is its intensity. Statistical data of the Central Statistical Office (CSO), statistical data collected by KNP and the Municipal Office in Szklarska Poręba regarding the number of inhabitants, number of tourists, number of beds, number of tickets sold to KNP facilities in 2010-2022 were analysed. The study used chamber methods (analysis of literature and acquired statistical data) and field methods (field inspection, field verification of source data, execution and analysis of field documentation). Data made available by the administration of the Karkonosze Mts National Park, the Municipal Office in Szklarska Poreba and the management of the Sudety Lift sp. z o.o. cable car in Szklarska Poreba were used. The data collected included:
- number of Karkonosze Mts National Park entrance tickets sold at the toll booths;
- number of nights spent in Szklarska Poreba;
- number of tourists using the tourist information office;
- the number of passengers using the cableway, separately in the summer and winter seasons.
As a result of the analysis, solutions were proposed in two categories of efficiency, i.e. 1. to be implemented in the KMtsPN area; 2. to be implemented by local authorities in the Szklarska Poręba Municipality. These solutions will bring, especially the areas of the commune, closer to acceptable conditions for ecosystem services and sustainable development.
GENERALIZED DATASET OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL INFORMATION ON THE EASTERN SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC FOR MACHINE LEARNING-BASED ANALYSIS
Authors: Lisenkov I.A. , Soloviev A.A. , Kuznetsov V.A. , Nikolova Yu.I.
Published: November 2024

The article presents a practical approach to the geological and geophysical spatial data collection and preliminary processing to use in machine learning models for geophysical applications. According to the established principles for estimating efforts in data analysis, which are confirmed by the results of surveys among specialists, this stage is viewed as major time and resource-consuming, amounting up to 80% in total volume of data analysis for a hypothesis testing project. The paper focuses on creating a consistent data set that integrates geological and geophysical information on a given region. We consider problems of different sources in the geodata representation to be related to their format (vector/raster), scale, type of attribute information (quantitative/qualitative) and their availability. The algorithm formalization and synthesis for combining geospatial data and converting them into quantitative vectors is a critical aspect. Combining various data draws on the concept of neighborhood fitting in with the data selection techniques and data consolidation strategy. The paper presents the general architecture of the software and hardware complex which includes a module for data collection and transformation in Python using the Pandas library, a data storage system based on the PostgreSQL DBMS (Database Management System) with the PostGIS extension. It is shown that for the considered class of problems in geophysics, it is sufficient to use a relational DBMS for data storing and processing. If the problem dimension increases, it is proposed to use the Big Data technology based on Apache Hadoop for scaling the system. A practical application of the proposed approach is demonstrated as results of data collection for the Caucasus region and eastern sector of the Russian Arctic. Based on the prepared data, experiments were carried out using machine learning models for recognition of locations of potential strong earthquakes and for sensitivity estimation of several geophysical features of these regions. The article presents the experimental results and evaluation of their efficiency.
MODERN METHODS OF QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE STRUCTURE OF HYDROCARBON RESOURCES OF LARGE PETROLEUM BASINS
Authors: Kontorovich A.E. , Livshits V.R.
Published: November 2024

The article discusses modern methods of quantitative assessment of the elements of hydrocarbon resource structure in large oil and gas (petroleum) basins. The assessment is based on the law of mass distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations, i.e., the truncated Pareto distribution. The procedure developed is used for: estimation of the truncated Pareto distribution parameters and cumulative hydrocarbon volumes concentrated in pools, prediction of their number and size distribution and total resources within each size-class interval; simulation of spatial distributions of hydrocarbon accumulations with transformation of a population of HC pools into a population of fields; prediction of the number and size-class distribution of total HC resources in pools and fields, and fields distribution by the number of HC pools. The involved analytical approach based on the simulation mathematical modeling is described.
Multi-Stage Selective Completion and Acid Stimulation, Karachaganak Field, Kazakhstan
Authors: Naurzgaliyev Timur , Agambayev Timur
Published: November 2024

Karachaganak is a giant oil, gas and condensate field located in north-western Kazakhstan, operated by Karachaganak Petroleum Operating b.v. (KPO b.v.). Karachaganak was discovered in 1979 and the production began in 1984. The field comprises Permian and Carboniferous reservoirs with complex geological and fluid properties. The reservoir fluids consist of gas-condensate and oil with strong compositional gradients.

Since 1997, the focus of the field development has been on the oil rim with the objective of producing low GOR oil. This is being achieved by drilling sub-horizontal wells. The design of these wells is aimed at maximizing the reservoir contact to overcome the challenges of significant heterogeneity present in the field. It also allows to access to partially or fully isolated compartments associated with both reservoir heterogeneity and the presence of clinoforms formed during the evolution of Carboniferous platform.

Initially horizontal wells were completed open-hole. Since 2011 new horizontal wells start being completed with multi-stage stimulation completions (swelling packers and sliding sleeves). Previous attempts at analyzing the benefit of multi-stage stimulation were hampered by a small population size for meaningful statistics. Today, the number of wells completed with multi-stage completions with available data is over 50. It's now therefore possible to make firmer conclusions regarding the potential benefits of multi-stage completions.

Three specific areas of potential benefits of multi-stage completions over open holes have been identified and reviewed, these are as follows: Impact on well PI – Initial well PI (Deliverability);Flow Distribution – Percentage of wellbore contributing to flow (Enhanced sweep efficiency), andEase of well re-entry for rig-less operations – Data acquisition and remedial jobs.

The available data indicate that multi-stage stimulations improve well productivity, downhole flow profile and the number of zones that contribute to flow. In addition to these primary benefits, there is an improvement in the ability to intervene in wells for data gathering. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that multi-stage completions result in a net positive contribution.
New Reserves Classification in Kazakhstan. Will it Happen Now?
Authors: Mukanov A. R. , Jussupbekova A.
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, the President of Kazakhstan, Kassym-Zhomart Tokayev, has announced the term "New Kazakhstan", and changes are occurring in many areas as well as in the oil industry. As a result, the Ministry of Energy has timely raised necessary initiatives, and the reserves system is on that list. The issue was already a hot topic 7-8 years ago, but with no outcomes. This is the second attempt, and the time may come to implement it.

The SPE-PRMS is actively proposed as a model to which the whole concept should move. Several scenarios are discussed, and the main one is that the PRMS methodology should be applied as the reserves’ assessment tool without any modifications. Nevertheless, the reporting and approval processes will be subject to local regulations. The authors suggest that in place volumes should be incorporated into field development projects, which are then expertized by the Geology Committee at the first stage of FDP's approval process, while the reserves by the Central Committee of Exploration and Development at the second stage.

As a result, we expect to resolve several issues. First, incorporating the reserves into the FDP will dramatically shorten the procedure by eliminating the reserves report approval by the State Committee of Reserves, called GKZ, of the Geology Committee. Generally, in order to start commercial production, operators need to spend at least two years on reserves reports and FDP. Secondly, in most cases, the GKZ insists on overestimated recovery factors, which leads to overestimated FDP production and drilling scope forecasts. Thus, the whole picture does not reflect reality. On the contrary, the PRMS principles are fully based on commercially, not just technically, recoverable reserves. Thirdly, the shift to a new reserves system will allow Kazakhstan to be clear and transparent for the international petroleum community. All parties will talk in common language and understand each other. That will definitely contribute to the attractiveness of the Kazakhstani oil businesses for investors, as the oil-producing countries are competing in a fierce fight for investments. Indeed, this was a reason for the 74th step of the "100 Concrete Steps of the Nation Plan" initiated by the first president, Nursultan Nazarbayev.

A possible move to a new reserves system will have a profound impact on the industry. This includes stimulating the field works, having real figures and business plans for all parties, and integrating into global society to attract new players under the market conditions. However, it is a big question if the fixed mindset will change to the needs of the hour and if it happens now or needs another 7-8 years.
Water Wells Injectivity Enhancement via Hydraulic Fracturing in Open Hole Completions
Authors: Yudin A. , Eltaher E. , AlYaseen A. , Al-Jalal Z. , Faisal M.
Published: November 2024

In the field development stage, it is typical to use water injector wells to maintain reservoir pressure and maximize oil recovery factor. In many cases, these water injectors are drilled in the edge areas of the reservoir, often having reduced properties which leads to challenges in water injection. This study describes best recommended methodology for improving the injectivity in such wells through hydraulic fracturing, particularly in an open hole type of completions in carbonate rocks.

The study represents an integrated approach covering all aspects of well completion and stimulation with use of advanced simulation software. Medium permeability reservoir was considered as a target of the research with extended reach well candidates. Sensitivity analyses were done for the various types of completion and near wellbore zone status – damaged, non-damaged, stimulated with longitudinal fracture and stimulated with multiple transverse fractures. The injectivity index was calculated for each scenario based on a model which was calibrated with injection history match.

Both proppant and acid fracturing scenarios were modeled and described in detail within the study showcasing the advantages of multiple acid fracturing stages with transverse orientation. Considering open hole completion, a technique with dynamic diverters based on degradable multi-size particulates was shown to be an optimum in terms of operational efficiency and cost-effective solution to enhance injectivity. To ensure representative comparison, a fixed volume of acid was simulated in each scenario, irrelevant to the number of generated fractures. Thus, scenarios of lower number but larger size fractures were compared to a scenario of higher number but lower size of the fractures under essentially the fixed cost of well completion. Analysis have shown that increasing the number of fractures brings higher injectivity rates and more reliable connectivity of the open hole wellbore with the fractures aimed at bypassing the near wellbore damage. Overall, existing skin factor (positive 8) was calibrated based on history match leading to more than double reduction of injectivity index when compared to a non-damaged reservoir. When the open hole wellbore is stimulated with massive acid fracturing, the injectivity index is increased by a factor of 10 to 15 from base case or by a factor of 5 to 7 from zero skin scenario.

The study represents one of the few documented projects of large size fracturing in water injector wells completed with open holes. Innovative method introduced to maximize number of fractures via injecting degradable diverting pills for the enhanced operational efficiency. Comprehensive modeling approach including fracturing and injectivity sensitivity studies are described to serve as a useful tool to engineering society in the middle eastern countries.
Implementation of Smart Leak Detection and Repair Program at ADNOC Distribution's Oil Storage Facilities
Authors: Ali B. , Ali A. , Harbi M.
Published: November 2024

Fugitive emissions are hazardous for the health and safety of the site personnel, environment, and contribute to hydrocarbon product loss. Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) Program is a best industry practice typically deployed to arrest fugitive emissions and develop a maintenance program for leaking components (Jeff Kuo, 2018). This paper discusses execution approach and results of a Smart Leak Detection and Repair (SLDAR) Program implemented by ADNOC Distribution at one of its oil storage terminals.

SLDAR Program was implemented in-line with ADNOC's vision of net-zero emissions and contributing to the global clean energy transition with the sole purpose of reducing fugitive emissions and subsequently reducing risks related to health and safety of personnel, environment, and production loss. SLDAR Program began with identifying all the Potential Leaking Sources (PLS) which included piping, valves, flange connections, etc. For the survey, Toxic Vapor Analyzer (TVA) was used for identification and quantification of accessible sources, and Optical Gas Imaging (OGI) camera was deployed for screening purposes and monitoring of inaccessible leaking sources. Leak definition was set as per US EPA guidelines and the leaks exceeding the threshold limit, as per leak definition, were marked on the field using physical tags. Maintenance was conducted for all major and moderate leaking components, and post• repair survey was carried out to confirm that the leaks have been arrested. All the PLS were recorded and captured in the Leak Register and the Component Integrity Management System (CIMS) to prepare SLDAR database for emission calculation purpose. Subsequently, all PLS were marked on Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) and Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs) for future reference. Out of 21,318 PLS monitored, 0.1% PLS were found to be leaking of which 40.9% of leaking PLS were in major/moderate leak range and the remaining 59.1% were found to be in minor leak range. 1.31% of total PLS were Difficult-To-Monitor (DTM) due to location constraints and were only screened using OGI camera. All the PLS in major and moderate leak ranges were taken out of service for immediate maintenance and repair. A post-repair survey was carried out to confirm all the leaks have been arrested or brought below the leak threshold. The SLDAR survey and post-repair maintenance activities resulted in overall reduction of fugitive emissions by 24%.

This paper describes all the stages of SLDAR Program and its implementation and provides baseline results that can be used as reference for any oil storage terminal. The study covers identification of possible leaking sources, fixing/repairing the leaks, and computing fugitive emissions. Implementing SLDAR Program as described in this study will result in improving the health and safety of the personnel, lowering fugitive emissions, and reducing financial losses.
Micro Tubing Leak Investigation with High Resolution Detection Technology and Leak Remediation with Pressure Activated Sealant – A Case Study
Authors: Kantarbayev Azamat , Jumamukhambetov Tilek
Published: November 2024

The paper discusses a cost-effective approach involving the implementation of a high-resolution detecting technology to identify a micro-tubing leak and further remediation by applying a method of injecting a pressure activated sealant to eliminate the leak.

Well A in field Kashagan was completed using 5 ½″ in single-string cased hole completion intersecting carbonate zones. It produced up to 20,000 BPD (3180 M3/D) on self-drive starting from March 2017. The reservoir pressure is up to 780 bar (11,300 psi) and well fluid composition is with 16% H2S and 5% CO2 mol.

In July 2018, an increase in A-annulus pressure up to 3.6 bar/day was observed. The diagnosis suggested an issue with a downhole tubing section above the production packer indicating a need to identify the leak point and remediate the leak to bring the well online.

A detailed analysis of various techniques for bringing the well in production was conducted keeping in mind the associated cost and time for each method. After performing a detailed technical and economic analysis, the decision was made to perform the operation in two stages. The first stage is to identify the micro-leak with high resolution spectral noise logging tool, while the second stage is to rectify the leak with straddle pack or pressure activated sealant.

This operation is also considered to be a proactive approach in reducing emissions, as it limits the emission sources, and those parameters controlling the individual emissions; and finally obtaining knowledge of the economic impact. The operation in well A was successfully executed and the well integrity was regained allowing bringing the well back online in shortest time (minimal as compared to the workover operations, far safer and more cost-effective).
Fracture Characterization by Integrating Seismic-Derived Attributes with Production Well Data in an Offshore Super-Giant Carbonate Field, North Caspian Basin
Authors: Taubassova M. Zh. , Gabdullin A. M.
Published: November 2024

The research presents a case study of fracture characterization through the integration of well production data and a suite of interpreted seismic attributes from an offshore super-giant carbonate field in Kazakhstan. The goal of the study is to map the distribution and connectivity of the fracture network and subtle faults within the carbonate field's platform interior and rim areas to aid field development planning and to understand the existing well behavior and production performance.

The well data analyzed includes core descriptions (orientation and fracture types), image logs, and dynamic data (PTA, interference, and mud loss). Multiple 3D seismic attributes were calculated using two different seismic volumes, such as diffraction and least-squares – reverse time migration (LSRTM or LSR). Volume-based attributes (dip and azimuth, curvature, coherency, chaos, variance, structural smoothing, and ant-tracking) were calibrated against production data to create an optimal structural framework that describes the range of connectivity controls within the carbonate reservoir. Throughout the study, well recognized features, such as seismic scale natural fracture swarms were observed in both seismic volumes, and clearly identified using complex attributes. A qualitative correlation with the well data was also noted, where mud loss intervals are aligned with the position of the identified fracture networks.

This research has enhanced the understanding of how multiple seismic attributes can be used to characterize the fracture networks within the carbonate reservoir. Additionally, it could assist future well placement strategies, potentially reducing the number of connected development wells and resulting in significant cost savings for the project.
Best Practice Case to Improve Oil Recovery: Revisit of the Largest Oilfield in China
Authors: Lu X. G. , Sun S. Q. , Xu J. H.
Published: November 2024

Placed onstream in 1960, as the largest oilfield in China and possessing the largest chemical flood project in the world, the Lamadian-Saertu-Xingshugang (La-Sa-Xing) Field has produced more than 16,570 MMBO with a water-cut >95%. This paper reviews its improved oil recovery journey and key reservoir management practices at extra-high water-cut stage, and summarizes its successful experiences and lessons learned.

This paper begins with an introduction of the main reservoir characteristics and its heterogeneity. Then, the authors illustrate field production history. Next, we expound key IOR/EOR practices, e.g., three rounds of infill drilling, field-wide polymer flood and surfactant flood applications, optimized redevelopment strategy and effective reservoir management effort at extra-high water-cut stage, which have successfully mitigated the decline trend and further increased recovery. Finally, the main understanding and lessons learned are discussed.

The multi-layered sandstone reservoir in the field consists of >100 flow units with three types of reservoir sand identified, i.e., higher permeability Type I Sand, medium permeability Type II Sand and lower permeability Type III Sand. The field was initially developed by waterflood through commingled production. The first- and second-round infill drilling increased recovery by 13.1% and 3.2%, respectively. Polymer flood started in 1996, achieving an incremental recovery of 12% STOIIP. Industry-scale ASP flood application increased recovery by 20%. Field production maintained its plateau at approximately one million BOPD for 24 years. Since 2005, when water-cut exceeded 90%, a series of redevelopment activities have been implemented. These techniques include subdivision of individual injection-production interval and reduction of well spacing, realignment of injection pattern, improved zonal injection, thick pay channeling control, development of marginal Type III Sand followed by chemical flood utilizing the same wellbores and so on. Early start of water injection, pilot study before implementation of key IORs/EORs, deliberate reservoir and remaining oil characterization, progressive infill drilling, fit-for-purpose water injection optimization and successful chemical flood increased the recovery factor from 34% to 55%.

Early water injection strategy maintaining reservoir pressure at largely the initial level, sustained water injection optimization, step-out infill drilling, field-wide chemical flood, and effective reservoir management practices to improve sweeping efficiency, all proved to be effective for the strongly heterogeneous sandstone reservoir with weak natural drive energy. It provides a road map for improved oil recovery of reservoirs with similar characteristics.
Addressing the Near-Wellbore Injectivity Limitations while Fracturing Highly Pressurized Formations
Authors: Yudin A. , Dawoud M. , Arshad W. , Nurlybayev N. , Al-Jalal Z. , Lizcano J. , McCollum C.
Published: November 2024

Fracturing in tight and deep gas formations can be challenging when near-wellbore stresses reduce injectivity. The drilling fluid may contribute to a near-wellbore damage, and this will exaggerate the rock breakdown limits additional to the high local stresses. Study was dedicated to understanding the main contributing factors and suggest the comprehensive workflow to minimize occurrence and non-productive time (NPT) associated with abovementioned challenges.

Statistical analyses over several years and hundreds fracturing stages were taken as a basis for the study. Wells were divided into several groups including orientation, completion and formation type criteria. Injectivity test was consistently performed prior to the main fracturing operation and was used as a main tool to forecast the severity of the near-wellbore issues. Based on the pressure response during and immediately after the test it was possible to build a decision tree for the next step in fracturing operations. Engineering workflow was further calibrated in the real-field case studies.

Results of the study revealed that the most challenging completion scenario in respect to near-wellbore injectivity challenges was a horizontal cemented liner with plug and perf technique. In carbonate formations, up to 30% of the stages experienced injectivity limitation of various severity in several group of wells. Acid squeeze was identified as most reliable an operationally affordable method for carbonate formations. Another effective solution, applicable to clastic rocks too can be a degradable particulate for the abrasive perforation that improves injectivity and leaves a clean wellbore without need for cleanout. Interestingly, largest likelihood of the near wellbore block occurred in the very first stages (toe sections) of the horizontal wellbores and reached up to 50% rate in some categories. Coiled tubing -conveyed perforation and cemented multistage fracturing completions were implemented to servce as a solution to minimize inefficiencies and NPT as well as risks associated with conventional operations utilizing tractors in horizontal wellbores. Implementation of decision tree derived as a result of the study allowed reducing NPT of operator and service company. Considering large number of equipment and personnel involved in such integrated completion and fracturing projects it represents significant value for both quality and HSE aspect and increase efficiency of the operations which is of primary importance when developing tight reservoirs.

Study provides large statistical summary and up-to-date practices of deep and tight rocks fracturing and solution from several regions.
Analytical Technology for Assessing the Amount of Organic Matter and Extractable Bitumen in Unconventional Reservoir Rocks Using NMR Relaxometry
Authors: Sakharov B. , Khasanova N. , Fazlyyyakhmatov M. , Varfolomeev M.
Published: November 2024

The paper presents a quantitative NMR relaxometry technology for unconventional reservoir rock samples, assessing total organic matter and extractable bitumen/high-viscosity oil. The study uses core samples with a diameter of 8.5 mm and a height of 13.5 mm, but the technology can be scaled to standard 30 by 30 mm cores. This paper introduces a novel low-frequency (20 MHz) pulsed NMR relaxometry technique for real-time, quantitative analysis of rock samples, enabling precise monitoring of total organic content and amount of extractable bitumen in unconventional reservoir rocks. For the first time, the possibility of observing the transition of a part of the solid signal into the liquid phase using deuterated chloroform directly in a test tube with a core sample is presented and experimentally demonstrated.
Brassica rapa L. crude polysaccharide ameliorates hypobaric and hypoxia induced oxidative stress and intestinal damage by modulating gut microbiome
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Zhenjiang , Fan Xueni , Li Diantong , Zhao Tingting , Niu Yuanlin , Baima Yangjin , Wen Dongxu , Li Bin , Huang Xiaodan
Published: November 2024

The high-altitude, low-pressure, and hypoxia environment poses a significant threat to human health, particularly causing intestinal damage and disrupting gut microbiota. This study investigates the protective effects of Brassica rapa L. crude polysaccharides (BRP) on intestinal damage in mice exposed to hypobaric hypoxic conditions. Results showed that oxidative stress and inflammation levels were elevated in the hypoxia group, while BRP intervention significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC) and reduced inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α). BRP also restored intestinal barrier function by enhancing claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 expression. Notably Chromatographic and metagenomic analyses revealed that BRP enriched butyrate levels, promoted beneficial bacteria like Akkermansia muciniphila and Leuconostoc lactis, and upregulated L-arginine biosynthesis II and L-methionine biosynthesis III pathways to enhance antioxidant activity. Fecal microbiota transfer experiments confirmed the role of gut microbiota in mediating BRP's protective effects, providing valuable insights into prebiotic-based therapeutic strategies for hypobaric hypoxia-induced intestinal damage.
RETRACTED: Huangqi Guizhi Wu Wu Tang prevents oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting ferroptosis through regulation of the p38/c-FOS/NF-kB pathway: A study based on network pharmacology
Authors: Li mingzhu , Jin Shengbo , Yao Huini , Zhai Zhenzhu , Jiang Yuxin , Zhu Xudong , Yu Jun , Zhang Mingxue , Ma Siyao , Shi Ji , 朴 浩哲
Published: November 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.