bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burden of Illness in Screen‐detected Children With Celiac Disease and Their Families
Authors: Kinos Sampsa , Kurppa Kalle , Ukkola Anniina , Collin Pekka , Lähdeaho Marja‐Leena , Huhtala Heini , Kekkonen Leila , Mäki Markku , Kaukinen Katri
Published: May 2012

Objectives:

Because of a variable clinical picture, most children with celiac disease remain unrecognized without active serologic screening. Because, however, many patients are asymptomatic, the justification for screening remains unclear. We assessed health and well‐being and the effect of a 1‐year gluten‐free diet in a nationwide cohort of children with celiac disease detected by screening in at‐risk groups.

Methods:

A total of 222 newly detected children received a validated questionnaire covering aspects of the burden caused by the undiagnosed celiac disease. After 1 year, adherence to the diet and difficulties attending this, attitudes toward and effects of disease and diet on daily life, and parents' satisfaction with the diagnosis were inquired about. The children's health and parents' concern for it were asked about at diagnosis and on treatment. The outcomes of screen‐detected children were compared with those of children diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms.

Results:

Forty‐three screen‐detected and 88 symptom‐detected children responded. Also, 65% of the screen‐detected patients experienced symptoms; these, however, being less troublesome and of shorter duration than in symptom‐detected subjects. There were no differences between the groups in dietary adherence (71% vs 84% strict diet), management of the diet (80% vs 80%), alleviation of symptoms (78% vs 86%), and improvement in daily life (73% vs 69%), or in satisfaction with the diagnosis (93% vs 88%). Improved health and reduced parental concern were observed in both groups.

Conclusions:

Screen‐detected children with celiac disease can attain satisfactory dietary adherence and benefit from treatment similarly to symptom‐detected patients. The results support intensified screening for celiac disease in at‐risk children.
Aging memories: Differential decay of episodic memory components
Authors: Talamini Lucia M. , Gorree Eva
Published: May 2012

Some memories about events can persist for decades, even a lifetime. However, recent memories incorporate rich sensory information, including knowledge on the spatial and temporal ordering of event features, while old memories typically lack this “filmic” quality. We suggest that this apparent change in the nature of memories may reflect a preferential loss of hippocampus-dependent, configurational information over more cortically based memory components, including memory for individual objects. The current study systematically tests this hypothesis, using a new paradigm that allows the contemporaneous assessment of memory for objects, object pairings, and object-position conjunctions. Retention of each memory component was tested, at multiple intervals, up to 3 mo following encoding. The three memory subtasks adopted the same retrieval paradigm and were matched for initial difficulty. Results show differential decay of the tested episodic memory components, whereby memory for configurational aspects of a scene (objects' co-occurrence and object position) decays faster than memory for featured objects. Interestingly, memory requiring a visually detailed object representation decays at a similar rate as global object recognition, arguing against interpretations based on task difficulty and against the notion that (visual) detail is forgotten preferentially. These findings show that memories undergo qualitative changes as they age. More specifically, event memories become less configurational over time, preferentially losing some of the higher order associations that are dependent on the hippocampus for initial fast encoding. Implications for theories of long-term memory are discussed.
Medial prefrontal cortex is selectively involved in response selection using visual context in the background
Authors: Lee Inah , Shin Ji Yun
Published: May 2012

The exact roles of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in conditional choice behavior are unknown and a visual contextual response selection task was used for examining the issue. Inactivation of the mPFC severely disrupted performance in the task. mPFC inactivations, however, did not disrupt the capability of perceptual discrimination for visual stimuli. Normal response selection was also observed when nonvisual cues were used as conditional stimuli. The results strongly suggest that the mPFC is not necessarily involved in the inhibition of response or flexible response selection in general, but is rather critical when response selection is required conditionally using visual context in the background.
Two dibenzodiazepinone molecules with dissimilar dimeric associations and apparent different tautomeric forms
Authors: Keller Max , Bhadbhade Mohan M. , Read Roger W.
Published: May 2012

In two dibenzodiazepinones,viz.the tricyclic core structure, 5H-dibenzo[b,e]diazepin-11(10H)-one, C13H10N2O, and an acylated derivative, 1-(11-hydroxy-5H-dibenzo[b,e]diazepin-5-yl)-2-{4-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]piperidin-1-yl}ethanone ethanol monosolvate, C26H29N5O2·C2H5OH, dimeric associationviahydrogen-bond bridging between the cyclic amide entities is evident, but there are considerable differences between the parent compound and the amidated derivative. Highly consistent with reported structures of related tricyclic lactams, two molecules of the nonsubstituted compound are bridged through two N—H...O hydrogen bonds across a crystallographic centre of symmetry and the bond lengths of the cyclic amide entity correspond to the amino–oxo (lactam) tautomeric form. In contrast, the structure of the derivative shows two similar, but crystallographically unique, molecules hydrogen bonded into a dimeric unit exhibiting an approximate (noncrystallographic)C2 axis. The bond lengths of the two derivative cyclic amide groups support their potential presence in the hydroxyimine (lactim) tautomeric forms, with the resulting possibility of intermolecular tautomerism. Likely driving forces for the two extreme configurations are discussed.
2-(4-Fluorophenyl)quinoxaline
Authors: Wang Cui-Ping , Ma Saiyong , Yu Jiang-Long , Yan Jing-Bo , Zhang Zhi-Qiang
Published: May 2012

In the title compound, C14H9FN2, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the quinoxaline ring system is 22.2 (3)°. Any aromatic π–π stacking in the crystal must be very weak, with a minimum centroid–centroid separation of 3.995 (2) Å.
4-Methyl-N-(9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl)benzamide
Authors: Lv Diya , Cao Yan , Dong Xin , Lou Ziyang , Chai Yifeng
Published: May 2012

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C17H24N2O, contains three independent molecules. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak N—H...O hydrogen bonds into chains parallel to the c axis.
Ethyl 2-methyl-6-(propan-2-ylamino)-4-sulfanylidene-3H,11H-pyrimido[1,6-c]quinazoline-1-carboxylate
Authors: Li Hong-Xia , Song Yu-Su , Qu Yong-nian , Lu Jiang-Bing , Wang Hong-Mei
Published: May 2012

The title compound, C18H22N4O2S, contains a substituted pyrimidine ring fused to both a benzene ring and a substituted thioxopyrimidine ring. The pyrimidine and thioxopyrimidine rings adopt distorted chair conformations. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked by pairs of N—H...S and N—H...O hydrogen bonds to generate centrosymmetric R
2
2(8) and R
2
2(16) loops, respectively. This combination leads to [100] chains of molecules.
6-Methyl-1-({[(2E)-2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-yl]oxy}methyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazoline-2,4-dione
Authors: El-Brollosy Nasser R. , Attia Mohamed I. , El-Emam Ali A. , Ng Seik Weng , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: May 2012

In the title compound, C20H20N2O3, the ten atoms comprising the quinazoline ring are essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.024 Å), and this plane is almost orthogonal to the terminal phenyl ring [dihedral angle = 82.87 (7)°]. The conformation about the ethylene bond [1.335 (2) Å] is E and there is a significant twist between this residue and the adjacent phenyl ring [C—C—C— torsion angle = −48.4 (3)°]. The crystal structure features centrosymmetric dimeric units linked by pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds between the amide groups which lead to eight-membered {...HNCO}2 synthons. These are consolidated into a three-dimensional architecture by C—H...O, C—H...π and π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.5087 (8) and 3.5645 (9) Å].
Dimethylammonium 3-carboxybenzoate
Authors: Siddiqui Tausif , Koteswara Rao Vandavasi , Zeller Matthias , Lovelace-Cameron Sherri R.
Published: May 2012

The asymmetric unit of the title organic salt, C2H8N+·C8H5O4
−, consists of two dimethylammonium cations and two 3-carboxybenzoate anions. The 3-carboxybenzoate anions are linked via strong intermolecular and nearly symmetrical O—H...O hydrogen bonds forming infinite chains parallel to [111]. Neighbouring chains are further connected by the dimethylammonium cations via N—H...O bonds, resulting in a double-chain-like structure. The dihedral angles of all carboxylate groups with respect to the phenylene rings are in the range 7.9 (1)–20.48 (9)°.
2-[(Cyclohex-3-en-1-ylmethoxy)methyl]-6-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione
Authors: El-Brollosy Nasser R. , Attia Mohamed I. , El-Emam Ali A. , Ng Seik Weng , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: May 2012

In the title 1,2,4-triazine derivative, C17H19N3O3, the heterocyclic ring is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.040 Å) and effectively coplanar with the adjacent phenyl ring [dihedral angle = 4.5 (2)°] but almost perpendicular to the (cyclohex-3-en-1-ylmethoxy)methyl residue [N—N—C—O torsion angle = 71.6 (5)°], so that the molecule has an `L' shape. Supramolecular chains along [001] are formed in the crystal via N—H...O hydrogen bonds where the acceptor O atom is the ether O atom. The adjacent carbonyl O atom forms a complementary C—H...O contact resulting in the formation of a seven-membered {...HNCO...HCO} heterosynthon; the second carbonyl O atom forms an intramolecular C—H...O contact. Chains are connected into a supramolecular layer in the ac plane by π–π interactions [ring centroid–centroid distance = 3.488 (3) Å]. The central atom in the –CH2CH2C(H)= residue of the cyclohexene ring is disordered over two sites, with the major component having a site-occupancy factor of 0.51 (2).
1-Methyl-3,3-bis(phenylsulfanyl)piperidin-2-one
Authors: Caracelli Ignez , Olivato Paulo R. , Cerqueira Jr Carlos R. , Santos Jean M. M. , Ng Seik Weng , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: May 2012

The piperidone ring in the title compound, C18H19NOS2, is in a distorted half-chair conformation, distorted towards a twisted boat, with the central methylene C atom of the propyl backbone lying 0.606 (2) Å out of the plane defined by the other five atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.1197 Å). One of the S-bound phenyl rings is almost perpendicular to the least-squares plane through the piperidone ring, whereas the other is splayed [dihedral angles = 75.97 (6) and 44.21 (7)°, respectively]. The most prominent feature of the crystal packing is the formation of helical supramolecular chains along the b axis sustained by C—H...O interactions. The chains are consolidated into a three-dimensional architecture via C—H...π interactions whereby one S-bound phenyl ring accepts two C—H...π contacts.
4-[(E)-({4-[(4-Aminophenyl)sulfonyl]phenyl}imino)methyl]phenol ethanol monosolvate
Authors: Afzal Sadaf , Akhter Zareen , Tahir M. Nawaz
Published: May 2012

In the title compound, C19H16N2O3S·C2H6O, the 4-hydroxybenzylidene group is oriented at dihedral angles of 73.17 (7) and 77.06 (7)° with respect to the aniline groups. The sulfonyl group make dihedral angles of 44.89 (13) and 59.16 (12)° with the adjacent aniline groups. In the crystal, a two-dimensional polymeric network parallel to (010) is formed by N—H...O, O—H...N and O—H...O hydrogen bonds. There also exist π–π interactions with a distance of 3.5976 (18) Å between the centroids of hydroxyphenyl rings.
(±)-Bis(1-carboxy-2-phenylethanaminium) hexafluorosilicate(VI)
Authors: Belhouas Ratiba , Bouacida Sofiane , Boudaren Chaouki , Daran Jean-Claude , Roisnel Thierry
Published: May 2012

The asymmetric unit of the title fluorosilicate salt, 2C9H12NO2
+·SiF6
2−, consists of a phenylalaninium cation and half of a fluorosilicate anion, the Si atom being located on an inversion center. In the crystal, all of the F atoms act as hydrogen-bond acceptors and link the cations through different graph-set motifs, forming layers developing parallel to (100).
(E)-4-Bromo-2-[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)iminomethyl]phenol
Authors: Balamurugan P. , Raja K. Kanmani , Rani S. Kutti , Chakkaravarthi G. , Rajagopal G.
Published: May 2012

In the title compound, C19H22BrNO, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 76.17 (14)° and an intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond with an S(6) graph-set motif is present. One methyl group is disordered over two sets of sites with site occupancies of 0.66 (3) and 0.34 (3). A weak intermolecular C—H...π interaction is observed in the crystal structure.
4-[2-(Anthracen-9-ylmethylidene)hydrazinylidene]-3-chloro-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-2,2-dione
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad , Tahir M. Nawaz , Khan Islam Ullah , Bokhari Tanveer Hussain , Asghar Muhammad Nadeem
Published: May 2012

In the title compound, C24H18ClN3O2S, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the anthracene ring system is 41.10 (8)°. The thiazine ring has a half-chair conformation and the Cl atom is in an axial orientation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O interactions, generating C(8) chains along [100]. A C—H...N short contact occurs in the molecule, generating an S(6) ring.
rac-(3S,4Z)-3-Chloro-4-[2-(3-fluorobenzylidene)hydrazinylidene]-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-2,2-dione
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad , Tahir M. Nawaz , Khan Islam Ullah , Ahmad Saeed
Published: May 2012

In the title compound, C16H13ClFN3O2S, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 4.47 (3)°. The conformation of the thiazine ring is a half-chair and the Cl atom is in an axial orientation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...F interactions, generating C(12) chains propagating in [011]. Aromatic π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid separations = 3.753 (2) and 3.758 (2) Å] also occur.
Tetrakis(4-chloroanilinium) hexachloridostannate(IV) dichloride
Authors: Zhou Benhua , Liu Hongxia
Published: May 2012

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, (C6H7ClN)4[SnCl6]Cl2, comprises two 4-chloroanilinium cations, half of an [SnCl6]2− anion and a Cl− anion. The SnIV atom, located on a special position on a twofold rotation axis, exhibits an octahedral environment. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds between the 4-chloroanilinium cations, [SnCl6]2− anions and Cl− anions.
(E)-2-[2-(4-Chlorobenzylidene)hydrazinyl]-4-[3-(morpholin-4-ium-4-yl)propylamino]quinazolin-1-ium bis(perchlorate)
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zuo Jian , Zhu Wenmin , Zhao Xinjie , Zhai Xin
Published: May 2012

In the title compound, C22H27ClN6O2
2+·2ClO4
−, the molecule adopts an E conformation about the C=N double bond. The quinazoline ring is approximately planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0432 Å, and forms a dihedral angle of 5.77 (4)° with the chlorophenyl ring. The crystal packing features N—H...O hydrogen bonds.
(Z)-3-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-[(2-phenylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
Authors: Ooi Chin Wei , Fun Hoong-Kun , Quah Ching Kheng , Sathishkumar Murugan , Ponnuswamy Alagusundaram
Published: May 2012

The title compound, C22H22N2OS, exists in a cis conformation with respect to the N=C bond. The cyclohexene ring adopts a distorted sofa conformation. The thiazolidine ring is essentially planar with a maximum deviation of 0.025 (2) Å and forms dihedral angles of 63.50 (7) and 57.52 (6)° with the benzene rings. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonds, generating R
2
2(8) ring motifs, and forming infinite chains along the c axis. The crystal is further consolidated by C—H...π interactions.
2,2′-(Piperazine-1,4-diyl)diacetonitrile
Authors: Gao Wei , Yang Jing , Wang Xin-Ling , Zhou Ning , Wu Xue-Fen
Published: May 2012

The complete molecule of the title compound, C8H12N4, is generated by a crystallographic inversion centre. The piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation with the N-bonded substituents in equatorial positions. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...Nc (c = cyanide) hydrogen bonds.
5-Chloro-2-methylsulfonyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline
Authors: Al-Salahi Rashad , Al-Omar Mohamed , Marzouk Mohamed , Ng Seik Weng
Published: May 2012

The triazoloquinazole fused-ring system of the title compound, C10H7ClN4O2S, is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.009 Å). In the methylsulfonyl substituent, the two S—O bonds are of equal length [1.402 (2) Å]. In the crystal, adjacent molecules interact weakly through Cl...N contacts [ca 3.197 (2) Å].
Di-μ-hydroxido-bis[hemiaqua(N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine)copper(II)] bis(tetrafluoridoborate)
Authors: Haníková Jaroslava , Kuchár Juraj , Trávníček Zdeněk , Černák Juraj
Published: May 2012

The title compound, [Cu2(OH)2(C6H16N2)2(H2O)](BF4)2, consists of dinuclear centrosymmetric [Cu2(OH)2(tmen)2(H2O)]2+ complex cations (tmen = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine) and tetrafluoridoborate anions. In the cation, the CuII atom shows a slightly distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry provided by a pair of μ-OH− anions and by the N atoms of a chelate tmen ligand in the basal plane. The apical position is statistically occupied by the O atom of a half-occupancy water molecule. The F atoms of the anion are disordered over three sets of sites with occupancies of 0.598 (9):0.269 (6):0.134 (8). The crystal packing is governed by ionic forces as well as by O—H...F hydrogen bonds.
3-Phenyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1-ethyne-1-carboximidamidium bromide
Authors: Tiritiris Ioannis , Kantlehner Willi
Published: May 2012

The reaction of 3,3,3-tris(dimethylamino)-1-phenylprop-1-yne with bromine in pentane yields the title compound, C13H17N2
+·Br−. The acetylenic bond distance [1.197 (2) Å] is consistent with a C[triple-bond]C triple bond. The amidinium C=N bonds [1.325 (2) and 1.330 (2) Å] have double-bond character and the positive charge is delocalized between the two dimethylamino groups.
1-{(E)-[3-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propylidene]amino}-3-(2-methylphenyl)urea
Authors: Attia Mohamed I. , Aboul-Enein Mohamed N. , El-Brollosy Nasser R. , Ng Seik Weng , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: May 2012

In the title compound, C21H23N5O2, the conformation about the imine bond [1.287 (3) Å] is E. Overall, the molecule has a disk shape, the dihedral angles between the imidazole ring and the methoxyphenyl and methylphenyl rings being 49.42 (13) and 42.62 (13)°, respectively; the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 20.11 (11)°. In the urea moiety, the N—H atoms are anti to each other and one of these forms an intramolecular N—H...N hydrogen bond. In the crystal, centrosymmetric dimers are formed via N—H...N(imidazole) hydrogen bonds, which are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by C—H...O(carbonyl) and (methylene)C—H...π interactions. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin with a minor component of 48.3 (1)%.
Ethyl 2-amino-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-methoxy-4H-benzo[h]chromene-3-carboxylate
Authors: El-Agrody Ahmed M. , Al-Omar Mohamed A. , Amr Abdel-Galil E. , Chia Tze Shyang , Fun Hoong-Kun
Published: May 2012

In the title compound, C23H20FNO4, the fluoro-substituted benzene ring is approximately perpendicular to the mean plane of the 4H-benzo[h]chromene ring system [maximum deviation = 0.264 (1) Å], with a dihedral angle of 83.79 (6)°. The pyran ring adopts a flattened boat conformation. The methoxy group is slightly twisted from the attached benzene ring of the 4H-benzo[h]chromene moiety [C—O—C—C = −2.1 (2)°]. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O and N—H...F hydrogen bonds into a layer parallel to the bc plane. The crystal packing also features C—H...π interactions.
Tetrakis(ethyl pyridine-4-carboxylate-κN)bis(thiocyanato-κN)cobalt(II)
Authors: Feng Xiu-Ling , Zhang Yu-Ping
Published: May 2012

In the title complex, [Co(NCS)2(C8H9NO2)4], the CoII atom is six-coordinated by four N atoms from four ethyl pyridine-4-carboxylate ligands in the equatorial plane and two N atoms of thiocyanate ligands in the axial positions, showing a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. The structure exhibits disorder in one of the ethyl chains, which was refined using a two-site model with 0.70 (6):0.30 (6) occupancy.
4-Cyanopyridinium bromide
Authors: Zheng Wen-Ni
Published: May 2012

In the title compound, C6H5N2
+·Br−, the pyridine N atom is protonated and involved in an intermolecular N—H...Br hydrogen bond which, together with weak C—H...N hydrogen bonds, results in the formation of a chain along the c axis. Weak intermolecular C—H...Br interactions between pyridine H atoms and Br− anions connect these chains into a network parallel to the bc plane.
2-{[(2-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl)(methyl)amino]methyl}-4,6-dimethylphenol
Authors: Veranitisagul Chatchai , Wattanathana Worawat , Kaewvilai Attaphon , Duangthongyou Tanwawan , Laobuthee Apirat , Koonsaeng Nattamon
Published: May 2012

In the title compound, C19H25NO2, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 53.15 (8)°. One of the –OH groups forms an intramolecular O—H...N link, generating an S(6) ring. The other –OH group forms an intermolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond in the crystal, generating centrosymmetric R
2
2(20) loops.
2-Methyl-2-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,3-dithiane
Authors: Mirošová Pavla , Nečas Marek , Vícha Robert
Published: May 2012

The title compound, C11H13NO2S2, contains a 1,3-dithiane ring in an almost ideal chair conformation with the following puckering parameters: Q = 0.7252 (15) Å, θ = 6.71 (13) and φ = 50.4 (11)°. The benzene ring occupies an axial position at the dithiane ring. The nitro group is almost coplanar with the benzene ring [O—N—C—C = −3.2 (2)°]. The molecule has an L-shape with a C—C—C—C torsion angle of −74.15 (17)° for the atoms of the methyl group and the dithiane–benzene linkage. The crystal packing is stabilized only via weak non-specific van der Waals interactions.
Sphingosine kinase‐1 inhibition sensitizes curcumin‐induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Yang Yan‐li , Ji Chao , Cheng Lei , He Li , Lu Chun‐cheng , Wang Rong , Bi Zhi‐gang
Published: May 2012

Recent published studies suggest that increasing levels of ceramides enhance the chemo‐sensitivity of curcumin. Using in vitro approaches, we analyzed the impact of sphingosine kinase‐1 (SphK‐1) inhibition on ceramide production, and evaluated SphK1 inhibitor II (SKI‐II) as a potential curcumin chemo‐sensitizer in ovarian cancer cells. We found that SphK1 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer patients' tumor tissues and in cultured ovarian cancer cell lines. Inhibition of SphK1 by SKI‐II or by RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown dramatically enhanced curcumin‐induced apoptosis and growth inhibition in ovarian cancer cells. SKI‐II facilitated curcumin‐induced ceramide production, p38 activation and Akt inhibition. Inhibition of p38 by the pharmacological inhibitor (SB 203580), a dominant‐negative expression vector, or by RNAi diminished curcumin and SKI‐II co‐administration‐induced ovarian cancer cell apoptosis. In addition, restoring Akt activation introducing a constitutively active Akt, or inhibiting ceramide production by fumonisin B1 also inhibited the curcumin plus SKI‐II co‐administration‐induced in vitro anti‐ovarian cancer effect, suggesting that ceramide accumulation, p38 activation and Akt inhibition are downstream effectors. Our findings suggest that low, well‐tolerated doses of SKI‐II may offer significant improvement to the clinical curcumin treatment of ovarian cancer. (Cancer Sci, doi: 10.1111/j.1349‐7006.2012.02335.x, 2012)
Higher parity and earlier age at first birth are associated with lower risk of death from colon cancer
Authors: Kuo Chao‐Hung , Kuo Chien‐Chun , Wu Hsiu‐Yi , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Yang Chun‐Yuh
Published: May 2012

This study was undertaken to examine whether there is an association between parity and age at first birth and risk of colon cancer. The study cohort consisted of 1 292 462 women who had a first and singleton childbirth between 1978 and 1987. We tracked each woman from the time of their first childbirth to December 31, 2009, and their vital status was ascertained by linking records with the computerized mortality database. We used the Cox proportional hazards model with time‐dependent covariates to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) of death from colon cancer associated with parity and age at first birth. We limited eligible colon cancer deaths to those who were 45 years old or more to exclude possible heredity colon cancer cases, which usually occur at an early age. There were 670 colon cancer deaths during 34 980 246 person‐years of follow‐up. The colon cancer death rate was 1.96 cases per 100 000 person‐years. The adjusted HR was 2.76 (95% CI = 1.60–4.75) for women who gave birth between 20 and 24 years and 7.35 (95% CI = 4.28–12.62) for women who gave birth after 24 years of age when compared with women who gave birth at younger than 20 years. A rising risk of colon cancer was seen with increasing age at first birth. The adjusted HR were 0.81 (95% CI = 0.65–1.02) among women with two live births, 0.93 (95% CI = 0.74–1.18) among women with three live births and 0.72 (95% CI = 0.51–1.00) for women with four or more births when compared with women who had given birth to only one child. The present study provides evidence that reproductive factors (parity and early age at first birth) may confer a protective effect on the risk of colon cancer. (Cancer Sci, doi: 10.1111/j.1349‐7006.2012.02336.x, 2012)
Anaphylaxis admissions to UK critical care units between 2005 and 2009
Authors: Gibbison B. , Sheikh A. , McShane P. , Haddow C. , Soar J.
Published: May 2012

Anaphylaxis is a life‐threatening emergency that may necessitate admission to a critical care unit. There are no reports of the frequency of admission to critical care units for patients with anaphylaxis or indeed any description of their demographic characteristics or outcomes. We analysed all physician‐diagnosed cases of anaphylaxis over a 5‐year period in national audit data from critical care units across the UK. Over the period 2005–2009, there were 81 paediatric and 1269 adult admissions with anaphylaxis admitted to UK critical care units (0.1% of admissions to paediatric units and 0.3% of admissions to adult units). Absolute numbers in both children and adults rose year on year. There were comparable proportions of admissions in female and male children (female = 47% and male = 53%; rate ratios (RR) = 0.88, 95% CI 0.64–1.20), but a greater proportion of adult female admissions (female = 65% and male = 35%; RR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.68–1.99). Survival to unit discharge was 95% (77/81) for children, and survival to hospital discharge was 92% (1166/1269) for adults. Each UK critical care unit is likely to see at least one anaphylaxis case per year. The number of admissions has risen in both children and adults. Although admission ratios between the sexes were comparable in children, there was a female preponderance in adult life. Survival rates were high at over 90%.
Extended release formulations for local anaesthetic agents
Authors: Weiniger C. F. , Golovanevski L. , Domb A. J. , Ickowicz D.
Published: May 2012

Systemic toxicity through overdose of local anaesthetic agents is a real concern. By encapsulating local anaesthetics in biodegradable carriers to produce a system for prolonged release, their duration of action can be extended. This encapsulation should also improve the safety profile of the local anaesthetic as it is released at a slower rate. Work with naturally occurring local anaestheticss has also shown promise in the area of reducing systemic and neurotoxicity. Extended duration local anaesthetic formulations in current development or clinical use include liposomes, hydrophobic based polymer particles such as Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres, pasty injectable and solid polymers like Poly(sebacic‐co‐ricinoleic acid) P(SA:RA) and their combination with synthetic and natural local anaesthetic. Their duration of action, rationale and limitations are reviewed. Direct comparison of the different agents is limited by their chemical properties, the drug doses encapsulated and the details of in vivo models described.
Utility of Nociceptive Flexion Reflex Threshold, Bispectral Index, Composite Variability Index and Noxious Stimulation Response Index as measures for nociception during general anaesthesia
Authors: von Dincklage F. , Correll C. , Schneider M. H. N. , Rehberg B. , Baars J. H.
Published: May 2012

Movement and haemodynamic responses to noxious stimuli during general anaesthesia are regarded as signs of nociception. We compared the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex Threshold (NFRT), Bispectral Index (BIS), Composite Variability Index (CVI), Noxious Stimulation Response Index (NSRI) and the calculated propofol/remifentanil effect‐compartment concentrations (Ce) as predictors for such responses in 50 female subjects at laryngeal mask airway insertion and skin incision. The following prediction probabilities (PK‐values) were obtained at laryngeal mask airway insertion and skin incision, respectively. For movement responses: NFRT = 0.77 and 0.72; p = 0.0001 and 0.004, respectively; BIS = 0.41 and 0.56, p = 0.29 and 0.5, respectively; CVI = 0.48 and 0.57, p = 0.76 and 0.88, respectively; NSRI = 0.49 and 0.76, p = 0.92 and 0.0001, respectively; propofol‐Ce = 0.35 and 0.66, p = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively; remifentanil‐Ce = 0.68 and 0.72, p = 0.01 and 0.003, respectively. For heart rate responses: NFRT = 0.68 and 0.75, p = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively; BIS = 0.37 and 0.59, p = 0.15 and 0.41, respectively; CVI = 0.41 and 0.44, p = 0.39 and 0.37, respectively; NSRI = 0.48 and 0.53, p = 0.84 and 0.78, respectively; propofol‐Ce = 0.42 and 0.56, p = 0.39 and 0.53, respectively; remifentanil‐Ce = 0.58 and 0.54, p = 0.35 and 0.73, respectively. We conclude that the NFRT best predicts movement and heart rate responses to noxious stimuli. Effect‐compartment concentrations and NSRI also predict movement (but not heart rate) responses satisfactorily.
Medication reviews
Authors: Blenkinsopp Alison , Bond Christine , Raynor David K.
Published: May 2012

Recent years have seen a formalization of medication review by pharmacists in all settings of care. This article describes the different types of medication review provided in primary care in the UK National Health Service (NHS), summarizes the evidence of effectiveness and considers how such reviews might develop in the future. Medication review is, at heart, a diagnostic intervention which aims to identify problems for action by the prescriber, the clinican conducting the review, the patient or all three but can also be regarded as an educational intervention to support patient knowledge and adherence. There is good evidence that medication review improves process outcomes of prescribing including reduced polypharmacy, use of more appropriate medicines formulation and more appropriate choice of medicine. When ‘harder’ outcome measures have been included, such as hospitalizations or mortality in elderly patients, available evidence indicates that whilst interventions could improve knowledge and adherence they did not reduce mortality or hospital admissions with one study showing an increase in hospital admissions. Robust health economic studies of medication reviews remain rare. However a review of cost‐effectiveness analyses of medication reviews found no studies in which the cost of the intervention was greater than the benefit. The value of medication reviews is now generally accepted despite lack of robust research evidence consistently demonstrating cost or clinical effectiveness compared with traditional care. Medication reviews can be more effectively deployed in the future by targeting, multi‐professional involvement and paying greater attention to medicines which could be safely stopped.
Defects in spliceosomal machinery: a new pathway of leukaemogenesis
Authors: Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Padgett Richard A.
Published: May 2012

Proper splicing of pre‐mRNA is required for protein synthesis and therefore is a fundamental cellular function. The discovery of a variety of somatic spliceosomal mutations in haematological malignancies, including myeloid neoplasms and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia has pointed to a new leukaemogenic pathway involving spliceosomal dysfunction. Theoretically, spliceosomal mutations can lead to activation of incorrect splice sites, intron retention or aberrant alternative splicing occurring in patterns generated by mutations of individual spliceosomal proteins. Such events can produce a defective balance between protein isoforms leading to functional consequences including defective regulation of proliferation and differentiation. The observed pattern of occurrence of highly specific missense mutations, coupled with the lack of nonsense mutations and deletions, implies a gain‐of‐function or better gain‐of‐dysfunction mechanism. Incorrect splicing of downstream genes, such as tumour suppressor genes, may result in haploinsufficient expression through nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. Thus, spliceosomal mutations may, depending on the pattern of affected proteins, lead to similar functional effects on tumour suppressor genes as chromosomal deletions, epigenetic silencing or inactivating/hypomorphic mutations. The prognostic value of the most common mutations and their phenotypic association in the clinical setting is currently under investigation. It is likely that spliceosomal mutations may indicate sensitivity to spliceosome inhibitors applied in the form of a synthetic lethal approach. This review discusses the most current aspects of spliceosomal research in the context of haematological malignancies.
Reciprocal induction of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and human mesenchymal stem cells: time‐dependent profile in a co‐culture system
Authors: Laranjeira M. S. , Fernandes M. H. , Monteiro F. J.
Published: May 2012

Objectives

Angiogenesis is closely associated with osteogenesis where reciprocal interactions between endothelial and osteoblast cells play an important role in bone regeneration. For these reasons, the aim of this work was to develop a co‐culture system to study in detail any time‐dependent interactions between human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSC) and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC), co‐cultured in a 2D system, for 35 days.

Materials and methods

HMSC and HDMEC were co‐cultured at a ratio of 1:4, respectively. Single‐cell cultures were used as controls. Cell viability/proliferation was assessed using MTT, DNA quantification and calcein‐AM assays. Cell morphology was monitored using confocal microscopy, and real time PCR was performed. Alkaline phosphatase activity and histochemical staining were evaluated. Matrix mineralization assays were also performed.

Results

Cells were able to grow in characteristic patterns maintaining their viability and phenotype expression throughout culture time, compared to HMSC and HDMEC monocultures. HMSC differentiation seemed to be enhanced in the co‐culture conditions, since it was observed an over expression of osteogenesis‐related genes, and of ALP activity. Furthermore, presence of calcium phosphate deposits was also confirmed.

Conclusions

This work reports in detail the interactions between HMSC and HDMEC in a long‐term co‐culture 2D system. Endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells cultured in the present co‐culture conditions ensured proliferation and phenotype differentiation of cell types, osteogenesis stimulation and over‐expression of angiogenesis‐related genes, in the same culture system. It is believed that the present work can lead to significant developments for bone tissue regeneration and cell biology studies.
Autosomal recessive chronic granulomatous disease presenting with cutaneous dermatoses and ocular infection
Authors: Low L. C. M. , Manson A. L. , Hardman C. , Carton J. , Seneviratne S. L. , Ninis N.
Published: May 2012

Dermatoses such as eczematous dermatitis and cutaneous infection are recognized presentations of primary immunodeficiency (PID). However, atopic dermatitis affects approximately 10% of infants, and cutaneous infections are not uncommon in children, therefore the challenge for the dermatologist is to distinguish the few patients that have PID from the many that do not. We report on a 6-year-old girl who was ultimately diagnosed with autosomal recessive chronic granulomatous disease (AR-CGD) after presenting to various hospitals with dermatitis, scalp plaques recalcitrant to treatment, and recurrent infections over a 3-year period, and describe some aspects of her diagnosis and management. This report highlights the importance of considering rare disorders such as AR-CGD in the differential diagnosis of recurrent or recalcitrant dermatological infections in children.
Sociality level correlates with dispersal ability in spiders
Authors: Corcobado Guadalupe , Rodríguez‐Gironés Miguel A. , Moya‐Laraño Jordi , Avilés Leticia
Published: May 2012

1. The evolution of sociality alters the genetic structure of populations, often leading to an increase in the level of inbreeding and a concomitant decrease in the ratio between the benefits and costs of dispersal.

2. The association between an absence of dispersal and sociality in spiders has so far been established indirectly from the age distribution of colonies, their genetic structure and their sex ratio. Using a functional and mechanistic approach, we investigated the dispersal tendencies and abilities of individuals of both sexes in species of spiders with different degrees of sociality. We predicted that dispersal tendencies and abilities would decrease when sociality increased.

3. In seven species of Anelosimus (Theridiidae), we tested whether there is a sharp transition between dispersing subsocial species and non‐dispersing social ones, or whether dispersal ability decreases more gradually as level of sociality increases and whether both sexes are equally affected. Our assays measured the propensity and ability to bridge, a common aerial locomotion mode in spiders that is especially relevant during pre‐mating dispersal.

4. We found that the tendency to disperse by bridging and, at least in males, the ability to disperse, significantly decrease as the level of sociality increases, and that this occurs without a pronounced threshold between subsocial and social species. Additionally, we detected a reduction of leg length relative to body size with increasing sociality and decreasing dispersal abilities in males, which may be mechanistically related to their reduced ability to bridge.

5. We propose that the loss of dispersal ability associated with the evolution of sociality in spiders, especially in males, could contribute to the maintenance of their inbred social systems by substantially increasing dispersal costs.
Yeast, not fruit volatiles mediate Drosophila melanogaster attraction, oviposition and development
Authors: Becher Paul G. , Flick Gerhard , Rozpędowska Elżbieta , Schmidt Alexandra , Hagman Arne , Lebreton Sébastien , Larsson Mattias C. , Hansson Bill S. , Piškur Jure , Witzgall Peter , Bengtsson Marie
Published: May 2012

1.In nature, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is attracted to fermenting fruit. Micro‐organisms like Saccharomyces yeasts growing on fruit occupy a commonly overlooked trophic level between fruit and insects. Although the dietary quality of yeast is well established for D. melanogaster, the individual contribution of fruit and yeast on host finding and reproductive success has not been established.

2.Here, we show that baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on its own is sufficient for fruit fly attraction, oviposition and larval development. In contrast, attraction and oviposition were significantly lower if non‐fermented grape juice or growth media were used, and yeast‐free grapes did not support larval development either.

3.Despite a strong preference for fermented substrates, moderate attraction to and oviposition on unfermented fruit might be adaptive in view of the fly's capacity to vector yeast.

4.Signals emitted by fruit were only of secondary importance because fermenting yeast without fruit induced the same fly behaviour as yeast fermenting on fruit. We identified a synthetic mimic of yeast odour, comprising ethanol, acetic acid, acetoin, 2‐phenyl ethanol and 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, which was as attractive for the fly as fermenting grape juice or fermenting yeast minimal medium.

5.Yeast odours represent the critical signal to establish the fly–fruit–yeast relationship. The traditional plant–herbivore niche concept needs to be updated, to accommodate for the role of micro‐organisms in insect–plant interactions.
Effects of methanolic extract of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) on microbial growth
Authors: Coccia Andrea , Carraturo Antonio , Mosca Luciana , Masci Alessandra , Bellini Andrea , Campagnaro Maurizio , Lendaro Eugenio
Published: May 2012

The antimicrobial activity of a methanolic extract of the common edible fruit Prunus cerasus L. was evaluated. HPLC analysis of the extract revealed the abundant presence of anthocyanins. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) for Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogenic bacteria was in the range 2–6.6 mg mL−1, whereas the time‐kill assay revealed that the bactericidal effect was exerted only at concentrations higher than 2× MIC. Interestingly, at concentrations lower than MIC, P. cerasus L. extract exerted a stimulating effect on bacterial proliferation and on the ability to form biofilms. In particular, a multidrug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain showed a 30% increase in growth at low concentrations. In the light of this finding, we speculate that the use of berry extracts (rich in anthocyanins) may present some risks to human health when used as preservatives in food and cosmetic products.
The influence of gender on the relationship between dental anxiety and oral health‐related emotional well‐being
Authors: CARRILLO‐DIAZ MARIA , CREGO ANTONIO , ROMERO‐MAROTO MARTIN
Published: May 2012

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2013; 23: 180–187

Background and aim.  Children’s dental fear and/or anxiety (DFA) has been associated with declines in oral health and quality of life. The influence of gender on the relationship between DFA and oral health‐related well‐being in children is analysed.

Design.  The decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index was obtained from 161 school‐aged children (7–14 years old). Data from children’s self‐assessed oral health, oral health‐related emotional well‐being and dental anxiety were collected using questionnaires.

Results.  Low scores of emotional well‐being were associated with negative self‐assessment of oral health and high levels of dental anxiety. Females reported decreased oral health‐related emotional well‐being compared with males. The analysis of possible moderating effects confirmed that gender influenced the relationship between oral health and DFA. The DMFT index was not associated with self‐assessed oral health status, emotional well‐being or DFA.

Conclusion.  For girls, high levels of DFA were associated with low levels of oral health‐related emotional well‐being. In contrast, dental fear and/or anxiety did not influence oral health‐related emotional well‐being in boys.
Comparative proteomic analysis of virulent and rifampicin‐attenuated Flavobacterium psychrophilum
Authors: Gliniewicz K , Plant K P , LaPatra S E , LaFrentz B R , Cain K , Snekvik K R , Call D R
Published: May 2012

Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the aetiologic agent of bacterial coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. In this study, we compared a wild‐type strain (CSF 259‐93) with a rifampicin‐resistant strain and virulence‐attenuated strain of F. psychrophilum (CSF 259‐93B.17). The attenuated strain harboured a mutation in the rpoB gene consistent with resistance to rifampicin. Two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) and mass spectrometry demonstrated an altered proteome with eight proteins characteristic for the parent strain and six that were unique to the attenuated strain. Immunoblotting with a diagnostic monoclonal antibody (FL‐43) identified a putative antigen (FP1493) that was subsequently cloned, expressed as a recombinant protein and confirmed as recognized by FL‐43. 2D‐PAGE, immunoblotting with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), convalescent antisera and mass spectrometry of bacterial whole‐cell lysates revealed several uniquely expressed immunoreactive proteins including FP1493. An FP1493 recombinant subunit vaccine was tested, but did not provide protection against challenge with the CSF259‐93 strain. While the exact mechanism responsible for altered protein synthesis and attenuation of CSF 259‐93B.17 is still unknown, the differentially expressed immunoreactive proteins are a valuable resource to develop subunit vaccines and to identify proteins that are potentially involved in disease.
Maternal nutrition among women from Sub‐Saharan Africa, with a focus on Nigeria, and potential implications for pregnancy outcomes among immigrant populations in developed countries
Authors: Lindsay K. L. , Gibney E. R. , McAuliffe F. M.
Published: May 2012

Lindsay K.L., Gibney E.R. & McAuliffe F.M. (2012) Maternal nutrition among women from Sub‐Saharan Africa, with a focus on Nigeria, and potential implications for pregnancy outcomes among immigrant populations in developed countries. J Hum Nutr Diet.

Pregnant women in countries of Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) are at risk of poor nutritional status and adverse outcomes as a result of poverty, food insecurity, sub‐optimal healthcare facilities, frequent infections and frequent pregnancies. Studies from Nigeria, for example, have revealed a high prevalence of both under‐ and over‐nutrition, as well as nutrient deficiencies, including iron, folate, vitamin D and vitamin A. Subsequently, obstetric complications, including hypertension, anaemia, neural tube defects, night‐blindness, low birth weight and maternal and perinatal mortality, are common. Migration patterns from SSA to the Western world are on the rise in recent years, with Nigerians now representing the most prevalent immigrant African population in many developed countries. However, the effect of immigration, if any, on the nutritional status and pregnancy outcomes of these women in their host countries has not yet been studied. Consequently, it is unknown to what extent the nutritional deficiencies and pregnancy complications occurring in Nigeria, and other countries of SSA, present in these women post‐emigration. This may result in missed opportunities for appropriate antenatal care of a potential high‐risk group in pregnancy. The present review discusses the literature regarding nutrition in pregnancy among SSA women, using Nigeria as an example, the common nutrition‐related complications that arise and the subsequent obstetric outcomes. The concept of dietary acculturation among immigrant groups is also discussed and deficiencies in the literature regarding studies on the diets of pregnant immigrant women are highlighted.