bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum Effects on Cylindrical Dust-ion Acoustic Waves in a Semiclassical Dense Dusty Plasma
Authors: Loqman Ibrahim G. H , Khaled Mahmood Ahmed Hassan , Alkuhlani Khauther
Published: May 2023

The nonlinear cylindrical dust ion acoustic waves are studied in a collisional unmagnetized dense dusty plasma medium containing inertialess degenerated electrons and positrons, fluid ions, negatively charged dust fluid and neutrals in the background, including exchange-correlation effects of both electrons and positrons. Employing the reductive perturbation method, the damped Kadomstev–Petviashvili equation is derived in the framework of two-dimensional cylindrical geometry. An approximate analytical solution of this equation is also discussed. The quantum and geometrical effects on the dust ion acoustic waves have been investigated. It is found that the dust ion acoustic wave is modified by quantum diffraction, Fermi statistics and exchange-correlation potential. Moreover, it has been found that the nebulon structures of quantum dust ions acoustic wave are formed due to the Cartesian geometry and the transverse perturbation. It is also observed that the nebulon structure is significantly modified by the exchange-correlation effects.
Web Caching Hybrid Algorithm by Semantic Similarity
Authors: Al-Khulaidi Abdualmajed Ahmed G. , Al-Sayani Mohammed Abdulbaqi
Published: May 2023

Recently, most companies have been conducting their business through the cloud network, so increasing the speed of data access via the Internet has become very important. Therefore, the importance of cache algorithms lies in increasing the speed of data access. As we know, there are cache substitution algorithms that work well with the cache when applied to the processor cache, but they hardly work when applied to caching for web purposes. The reason for this discrepancy is that it is not intended to increase the complexity of this type of storage. Considering the challenges of cache usage in terms of the large discrepancy in file size and the heterogeneous model of user access to data in a web environment, especially with pages with dynamic content, there is a real need to develop 'web cache' algorithms. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm for web caching using semantic similarity is developed. The GDFS algorithm was developed using NGD (Normalized Google Distance) to determine the semantic similarity between cache objects, which resulted in better performance in comparison to other algorithms. The results showed that the web cache hybrid algorithm using semantic similarity increased the hit rate compared to the basic algorithms by up to 80.10%. The proposed hybrid algorithm was able to overcome the problem of the low byte hit rate in the GDFS algorithm. The improvement in the byte hit rate reached 65%. This indicates an increase in the byte hit rate. The results showed that the web cache hybrid algorithm using semantic similarity reduced the page load time using distance measured from Google compared to the page load time using other algorithms that do not use semantic similarity and do not use cache. The results showed that the web cache hybrid algorithm using semantic similarity reduced the page load time from 4.17 seconds using GDFS-Line to 2.16 seconds using GDFS-NGD.
درر الأصداف في حل عقد الكشاف تأليف يحيى بن القاسم بن عمرو العلوي المعروف بالفاضل اليمني المتوفى عام 750هـ سورة الأنفال- دراسة وتحقيق
Authors: مقبول عمر فتيني عمر
Published: May 2023

فعنوان البحث: " درر الأصداف في حل عقد الكشاف، تأليف: يحيى بن القاسم بن عمرو العلوي، المعروف بالفاضل اليمني، المتوفى نحو750ه، سورة الأنفال - دراسة وتحقيق. وهو يشمل التعريف بالفاضل اليمني، وبنشأته، وحياته، وطلبه للعلم، ومكانته، ومشايخه، وتلامذته، ومؤلفاته، ورحلته وتنقله في البلدان لطلب العلم، وقد سلكت في ترجمته الشخصية المنهج والوصفي والاستقرائي لجمع ما يتعلق بحياته.ثم عرضت نموذجًا من التحقيق لسورة الأنفال كاملة؛ ليتبين منها منهج التحقيق الذي سلكته في تحقيق الحاشية من حيث المقارنة بين النسخ، واثبات الفروق والسقط، وما يتعلق بالتحقيق من العزو، والتخريج للأحاديث، ونسبت الأقوال، وتحليل الآراء، وعزو الشواهد والنصوص إلى مصادرها.واستنتجت من ذلك أن الفاضل اليمني لم يكن ناقلا فحسب، بل جمع بين النقل من المتقدمين مع تحريراته، وآرائه، وترجيحاته، واعتراضاته، وردوده العلمية. وتُعَدُّ حاشية الفاضل اليمني من أجل حواشي الكشاف، وأدقها، وأغزرها علمًا وتحريرًا. وختمت البحث بالتوصية باستدراكات الفاضل اليمني على الزمخشري في حاشيته درر الأصداف ودراستها دراسة عميقة.
Returning community psychology to the insights of anarchism: Fragments and prefiguration
Authors: Malherbe Nick
Published: May 2023

Anarchism signifies the actions taken to bring about a fairer, more equal, non-hierarchical, and democratic society, one that exists without State coercion or domination. Although community psychology has engaged with some anarchist practices, such as mutual aid, the discipline has had little explicit or direct engagement with anarchism’s broader project of sociopolitical organization, with a notable exception. Almost fifty years ago, Seymour Sarason argued for what he called the anarchist insight, urging community psychologists to be wary of how they interact with oppressive State apparatuses that cause considerable psychological damage within communities. In this article, I draw on Sarason’s conception of the anarchist insight as an entry point into what I prefer to think of as the insights of anarchism. The insights of anarchism, I posit, are the knowledges derived from the fragments of anarchism that already exist in communities. The task of community psychologists concerned with the insights of anarchism is to work with people to communicate, strengthen, and make connections between these different fragments. Drawing from my own work, I examine how residents from a low-income community produced and screened a participatory documentary film that connected the everyday anarchism of a community garden to social movement organizing, where the role of the State was intensely debated. I conclude by considering some of the ways by which future community psychology work can consolidate the insights of anarchism.
Velhice e modos de existências dissidentes
Authors: Tótora Silvana Maria Corrêa
Published: May 2023

Propõe-se, neste artigo, problematizar uma associação linear entre morte e velhice. Situamos a velhice como  possiblilidade da vida. E a vida não seria a negação da morte. No jogo da vida, vida e morte combinam-se para impulsionar as existências que se abrem à criação de novos valores que são os da própria vida. Mas estamos realmente na posse do direito de existir em nossa velhice? Este seria o problema que incita este artigo. Trata-se aqui de modos singulares de existências que reclamam seu direito de realidade. Dar visibilidade a essas existências constitui um modo de construir alianças que afirmem nosso próprio direito indissociável das potências da vida. Propomos, perseguindo a questão da velhice como potência de vida que não nega a morte, buscar, em alguns fragmentos da obra dos filósofos Sêneca, Nietzsche e Foucault, a companhia para dar consistência à nossa pretensão. Adotamos o estilo de um ensaio filosófico, que entendemos ser um percurso experimental e, esperamos, possa provocar, na atualidade, a potência de pensar diferente do já pensado.
La servucción de la educación física en el sistema educativo venezolano
Authors: Moreno ¨Pascual
Published: May 2023

Lo que corresponde a la estructuración de un sistema de servicios relacionado con el área de educación física dentro del sistema educativo venezolano abarca varios criterios correspondientes desde la inclusión en el currículo cómo perciben el área tanto estudiantes, profesores y sociedad, la información suministrada por el profesorado les interesa, que elementos se utilizan para impartir las clases de educación física, por mencionar algunos delos criterios que se deben observar para analizar y emitir posibles cambios que sean necesarios para optimizar el proceso educativo y que la información que se suministre en el área de la educación física se establezca entre los seres humanos como prioridades en su estilo de vida y pase de ser una de las áreas impartidas en la educación a una de las más importantes en lo que se refiere al desenvolvimiento en las actividades de la vida e importancia para su salud.
Dialéctica de la transcomplejidad de las ciencias del espíritu. 73-81
Authors: Balza Laya Antonio María
Published: May 2023

La aspiración transepistémica de transitar por los predios ontoepistemológicos de la dialéctica de la transcomplejidad de las ciencias del espíritu, constituye una fascinante aventura del pensamiento, sobre manera, cuando esta excursión transcurre desde un prisma epistemológico transcomplejo. Este maravilloso viaje encierra como teleología cardinal, reflexionar a profundidad acerca de la naturaleza multiversa y transcompleja de las ciencias del espíritu desde una metódica dialéctica hermenéutica transformacional, la cual según Conde (2008, p.s.n), “es la teoría y método de la interpretación, basada en el análisis de las analogías y contradicciones del conocimiento”. Teórica- mente, la investigación asume las visiones de Gadamer (2011) y Dilthey (1949), acerca de las ciencias del espíritu y el enfoque de Merton (2016) sobre la espiritualidad. Como hallazgos emergentes se vislumbra, que las ciencias del espíritu contienen el numen supremo del conocimiento, lo cual nos ayuda a conocernos mejor, al permitirnos descubrir las virtudes y prodigios implicados en las relaciones del hombre con su prójimo, la naturaleza y con Dios, puesto que nos revelan el verdadero espíritu de todas las ciencias.
Enseñanza de las competencias comunicativas en la educación básica primaria. 113-121
Authors: Gómez Latorre William
Published: May 2023

La expresión, es una de las tendencias que se presentan en la realidad, por tanto, se toma en cuenta las competencias comunicativas, definidas como las aptitudes que poseen las personas para interaccionar mutuamente, de allí, la importancia que posee la enseñanza de las misma en la educación primaria, desde esta perspectiva, el presente artículo tiene como propósito: comprender el fundamento teórico que sustenta la enseñanza de las competencias comunicativas en niños de educación básica primaria, dado que son esenciales para la formación integral de los mismos. En relación con ello, se adelantó una investigación documental, por medio del fichaje de fuentes, para lograr la in- formación más valedera, se concluye las competencias son importantes en la constitución de los seres humanos, como base para la construcción social del individuo.
A Case Study on Portfolio Assessment in a Home Economics Cohousing Class for Process-based Assessment
Authors: Choi Seong Youn
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to present a class case that verified the validity, reliability, and usefulness of a portfolio assessment in a cohousing class in the housing area of home economics. To achieve this objective, 241 male and female students in eight classes of the third grade of a junior high school in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, were enrolled in a project class on establishing a cohousing village in which the portfolio assessment method was applied for a total of 10 sessions for approximately four weeks from May 24 to June 16, 2021. To ensure the validity of the portfolio assessment, we designed the lesson after presenting the curriculum goals in detail using the backward design model and developed a specific rubric and conducted all evaluations and feedback based on the rubric to ensure objectivity and reliability. The online tool Padlet was used as a portfolio, which allowed students to easily upload their work, receive feedback from the teacher, and interact with their peers. After the class, the students reflected on the rubric and were generally satisfied with the class using portfolio assessment. This study is expected to facilitate the use of the portfolio assessment method in the classroom, while also supporting student growth and development.
The Effect of Consumption Expression Behavior through Social Media on Sustainable Consumption: Mediating Effects of Social Connectedness
Authors: Park Yu Hyeon , Hwang Hyesun
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of consumer consumption behavior on sustainable consumption through social media and to verify the mediating effects of social connectedness on sustainable consumption. A survey comprising 222 men and women in their 20s and 30s was conducted in which their consumption expression behavior, sustainable consumption and social connectedness were measured. The results were analyzed using SPSS Process Macro Model 4 and it was found that consumers who shared a considerable amount of personal information on their lifestyle on social media as a means of self-expression exhibited a higher level of sustainable consumption. It also became apparent that the degree of consumption expression behavior had a positive effect on social connectedness and that social connectedness had a positive impact on sustainable consumption by mediating the degree of consumption-focused self-expression on social media. Based on these results, it was confirmed that social media can serve as a mechanism to lead consumers’ consumption behavior beyond providing a basis for forming a human network. Implications for the impact of social media on consumption behavior were presented, and proposals for exploring the environment in which sustainable consumption can be activated were suggested, together with ways in which new media can be utilized. The findings from this study indicate that sharing consumption behavior and having a broad range of connections on social media can create an environment in which sustainable consumption is promoted.
Traître à la nation ou père de la Confédération ? La mémorialisation de Louis Riel par ses statues depuis 1968
Authors: Csuzdi-Vallée Antoine , Chicoine Anne-Marie
Published: May 2023

Les monuments commémoratifs ont fait l’objet d’une vague de critiques et d’actes de vandalisme dans les pays occidentaux au cours de la dernière décennie. Il ne s’agit toutefois pas d’une nouveauté historique ; au Canada, plusieurs statues de Louis Riel ont été victimes de telles actions dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle. La figure de ce leader métis est éminemment complexe, tant dans son histoire que dans sa mémoire. Depuis 1968, avec l’érection de la première statue de Louis Riel à Regina, la réhabilitation mémorielle du personnage suscite la controverse et les débats au sein de la population. Les journaux canadiens sont l’un des terrains fertiles de ces débats, qui mettent en dialogue des organisations et des individus euro-canadiens, métis, anglophones et francophones. Dans cet article, nous étudions la couverture médiatique des monuments à Riel en analysant plusieurs quotidiens canadiens à grand tirage de la fin des années 1960 au tournant du XXIe siècle. Quatre statues ou propositions de statues ont particulièrement occupé l’espace journalistique canadien pendant la période étudiée : celle de John Nugent, à Regina ; celles de Marcien Lemay et de Miguel Joyal, à Winnipeg ; ainsi que la proposition de statue de Riel sur la colline du Parlement à Ottawa. Par ces études de cas, nous souhaitons démontrer la complexité de la mémoire de Riel, qui oscille entre celle d’un traître à la nation et d’un père de la Confédération, et sa malléabilité selon les acteurs métis, anglo-canadiens et franco-canadiens qui tentent de se l’approprier. En plus de matérialiser ces mémoires divergentes et de les ancrer dans un contexte spatial, la facture artistique des monuments—parfois peu conventionnelle—influence les sensibilités du public et alimente la controverse mémorielle1.
The Memory Discourse of the Holocaust in Hungary: Distortion of Memory
Authors: Vigneault Sara-Jane
Published: May 2023

This article studies the memory of the Holocaust in Hungary and its distortion within the official narrative. This research, alternating between past and present, demonstrates the abyss between the “official” memory put forward by the Fidesz’s government, and the familial and personal memories. In line with Memory Studies, this research focuses on the past and historiography to underline the instrumentalization of the memory of the Shoah within the country. To conclude, the example of the monument of the German invasion at the Szabadság Tér (Liberty Square) in Budapest and its counter-memorial, Eleven Emlékmű (Living Memorial), are underlined to contrast “official” memory with personal and familial memories.
Influence of Biofertilizers and Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Vishal  , Singh Rajesh
Published: May 2023

The field experiment entitled “Influence of Biofertilizers and Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)" was conducted during Rabi season, 2022 at Crop Research Farm in the Department of agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh.  The study included biofertilizers and three levels of Nitrogen (60, 80 and 100 kg/ha) and control. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The soil in the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (8.0), EC (0.56 dS/m), Organic Carbon (0.62%), Available N (225 kg/ha), Available P (38.2 kg/ha), and Available K (240.7 kg/ha). Application of Azotobacter + Azospirillum and N 100 kg/ha produces higher plant height (95.10 cm), maximum number of tillers/running row meter (72.00) and higher dry weight (25.53g), maximum number of effective tillers/m2 (201.33), maximum number of grains/spike (51.20), higher grain yield (4.34 t/ha), straw yield (5.34 t/ha).
Here’s What to Know About Xylazine, aka Tranq, the Animal Tranquilizer Increasingly Found in Illicit Fentanyl Samples
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: May 2023

This Medical News feature discusses the increasingly common combination of xylazine, an animal tranquilizer, and illicit fentanyl.
Inequities in Filled Overactive Bladder Medication Prescriptions in the US
Authors: Luchristt Douglas , Bretschneider C. Emi , Kenton Kimberly , Simon Melissa , Brown Oluwateniola
Published: May 2023

Importance

Anticholinergic medications to treat overactive bladder (OAB) have been associated with increased risk of cognitive decline, whereas β3-adrenoceptor agonists (hereafter, β3-agonists) have comparable efficacy and do not carry the same risk. Yet, anticholinergics remain the predominant OAB medication prescribed in the US.

Objective

To evaluate whether patient race, ethnicity, and sociodemographic characteristics are associated with receipt of anticholinergic vs β3-agonist OAB medications.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the 2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a representative sample of US households. Participants included individuals with a filled OAB medication prescription. Data analysis was performed from March to August 2022.

Exposure

A prescription for medication to treat OAB.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were receipt of a β3-agonist or an anticholinergic OAB medication.

Results

An estimated 2 971 449 individuals (mean age, 66.4 years; 95% CI, 64.8-68.2 years) filled prescriptions for OAB medications in 2019; 2 185 214 (73.5%; 95% CI, 62.6%-84.5%) identified as female, 2 326 901 (78.3%; 95% CI, 66.3%-90.3%) self-identified as non-Hispanic White, 260 685 (8.8%; 95% CI, 5.0%-12.5%) identified as non-Hispanic Black, 167 210 (5.6%; 95% CI, 3.1%-8.2%) identified as Hispanic, 158 507 (5.3%; 95% CI, 2.3%-8.4%) identified as non-Hispanic other race, and 58 147 (2.0%; 95% CI, 0.3%-3.6%) identified as non-Hispanic Asian. A total of 2 229 297 individuals (75.0%) filled an anticholinergic prescription, and 590 255 (19.9%) filled a β3-agonist prescription, with 151 897 (5.1%) filling prescriptions for both medication classes. β3-agonists had a median out-of-pocket cost of $45.00 (95% CI, $42.11-$47.89) per prescription compared with $9.78 (95% CI, $9.16-$10.42) for anticholinergics. After controlling for insurance status, individual sociodemographic factors, and medical contraindications, non-Hispanic Black individuals were 54% less likely than non-Hispanic White individuals to fill a prescription for a β3-agonist vs an anticholinergic medication (adjusted odds ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-0.98). In interaction analysis, non-Hispanic Black women had an even lower odds of filing a β3-agonist prescription (adjusted odds ratio, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.04-0.27).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of a representative sample of US households, non-Hispanic Black individuals were significantly less likely than non-Hispanic White individuals to have filled a β3-agonist prescription compared with an anticholinergic OAB prescription. These differences may reflect an inequity in prescribing behaviors promulgating health care disparities. Targeted research should assess the relative contribution of a variety of individual and societal factors.
Cannabis Use Disorder and Subsequent Risk of Psychotic and Nonpsychotic Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Jefsen Oskar Hougaard , Erlangsen Annette , Nordentoft Merete , Hjorthøj Carsten
Published: May 2023

Importance

Cannabis use is increasing worldwide and is suspected to be associated with increased risk of psychiatric disorders; however, the association with affective disorders has been insufficiently studied.

Objective

To examine whether cannabis use disorder (CUD) is associated with an increased risk of psychotic and nonpsychotic unipolar depression and bipolar disorder and to compare associations of CUD with psychotic and nonpsychotic subtypes of these diagnoses.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective, population-based cohort study using Danish nationwide registers included all individuals born in Denmark before December 31, 2005, who were alive, aged at least 16 years, and living in Denmark between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2021.

Exposure

Register-based diagnosis of CUD.

Main Outcome and Measures

The main outcome was register-based diagnosis of psychotic or nonpsychotic unipolar depression or bipolar disorder. Associations between CUD and subsequent affective disorders were estimated as hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox proportional hazards regression with time-varying information on CUD, adjusting for sex; alcohol use disorder; substance use disorder; having been born in Denmark; calendar year; parental educational level (highest attained); parental cannabis, alcohol, or substance use disorders; and parental affective disorders.

Results

A total of 6 651 765 individuals (50.3% female) were followed up for 119 526 786 person-years. Cannabis use disorder was associated with an increased risk of unipolar depression (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.78-1.90), psychotic unipolar depression (HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.73-2.25), and nonpsychotic unipolar depression (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.77-1.89). Cannabis use was associated with an increased risk of bipolar disorder in men (HR, 2.96; 95% CI, 2.73-3.21) and women (HR, 2.54; 95% CI, 2.31-2.80), psychotic bipolar disorder (HR, 4.05; 95% CI, 3.52-4.65), and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder in men (HR, 2.96; 95% CI, 2.73-3.21) and women (HR, 2.60; 95% CI, 2.36-2.85). Cannabis use disorder was associated with higher risk for psychotic than nonpsychotic subtypes of bipolar disorder (relative HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.21-1.81) but not unipolar depression (relative HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.92-1.27).

Conclusions and Relevance

This population-based cohort study found that CUD was associated with an increased risk of psychotic and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. These findings may inform policies regarding the legal status and control of cannabis use.
Temporal Changes in Obesity-Related Medication After Bariatric Surgery vs No Surgery for Obesity
Authors: Kauppila Joonas H. , Markar Sheraz , Santoni Giola , Holmberg Dag , Lagergren Jesper
Published: May 2023

Importance

Bariatric surgery can resolve hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, but the long-term postoperative trajectories of medications for these conditions are unknown.

Objective

To clarify the long-term use of lipid-lowering, cardiovascular, and antidiabetic medication after bariatric surgery compared with no surgery for morbid obesity.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study took place in Sweden (2005-2020) and Finland (1995-2018) and included individuals diagnosed with obesity. Analysis took place between July 2021 and January 2022.

Exposures

Bariatric surgery (gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy) patients using lipid-lowering, cardiovascular, or antidiabetic medication were compared with 5 times as many control patients with an obesity diagnosis treated with no surgery, matched for country, age, sex, calendar year, and medication use.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Proportions with 95% CIs of lipid-lowering, cardiovascular, or antidiabetic medication.

Results

A total of 26 396 patients underwent bariatric surgery (with gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy) (17 521 [66.4%] women; median [IQR] age, 50 [43-56] years) and 131 980 matched control patients (87 605 [66.4%%] women; median [IQR] age, 50 [43-56] years) were included. The proportion of lipid-lowering medication after bariatric surgery decreased from 20.3% (95% CI, 20.2%-20.5%) at baseline to 12.9% (95% CI, 12.7%-13.0%) after 2 years and 17.6% (95% CI, 13.3%-21.8%) after 15 years, while it increased in the no surgery group from 21.0% (95% CI, 20.9%-21.1%) at baseline to 44.6% (95% CI, 41.7%-47.5%) after 15 years. Cardiovascular medications were used by 60.2% (95% CI, 60.0%-60.5%) of bariatric surgery patients at baseline, decreased to 43.2% (95% CI, 42.9%-43.4%) after 2 years, and increased to 74.6% (95% CI, 65.8%-83.4%) after 15 years, while it increased in the no surgery group from 54.4% (95% CI, 54.3%-54.5%) at baseline to 83.3% (95% CI, 79.3%-87.3%) after 15 years. Antidiabetic medications were used by 27.7% (95% CI, 27.6%-27.9%) in the bariatric surgery group at baseline, decreased to 10.0% (95% CI, 9.9%-10.2%) after 2 years, and increased to 23.5% (95% CI, 18.5%-28.5%) after 15 years, while it increased in the no surgery group from 27.7% (95% CI, 27.6%-27.7%) at baseline to 54.2% (95% CI, 51.0%-57.5%) after 15 years.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, undergoing bariatric surgery was associated with a substantial and long-lasting reduction in the use of lipid-lowering and antidiabetic medications compared with no surgery for obesity, while for cardiovascular medications this reduction was only transient.
Benchmarking halcyon ring delivery system for hypofractionated breast radiotherapy: Validation and clinical implementation of the fast‐forward trial
Authors: Pokhrel Damodar , Smith Mason , Volk Alexander , Bernard Mark E.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of an iterative CBCT‐guided breast radiotherapy with Fast‐Forward trial of 26 Gy in five fractions on a Halcyon Linac. This study quantifies Halcyon plan quality, treatment delivery accuracy and efficacy by comparison with those of clinical TrueBeam plans.

Materials and Methods

Ten accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) patients (four right, six left) who underwent Fast‐Forward trial at our institute on TrueBeam (6MV beam) were re‐planned on Halcyon (6MV‐FFF). Three site‐specific partial coplanar VMAT arcs and an Acuros‐based dose engine were used. For benchmarking, PTV coverage, organs‐at‐risk (OAR) doses, beam‐on time, and quality assurance (QA) results were compared for both plans.

Results

The average PTV was 806 cc. Compared to TrueBeam plans, Halcyon provided highly conformal and homogeneous plans with similar mean PTVD95 (25.72  vs. 25.73 Gy), both global maximum hotspot < 110% (p = 0.954) and similar mean GTV dose (27.04  vs. 26.80 Gy, p = 0.093). Halcyon provided lower volume of ipsilateral lung receiving 8 Gy (6.34% vs. 8.18%, p = 0.021), similar heart V1.5 Gy (16.75% vs. 16.92%, p = 0.872), V7Gy (0% vs. 0%), mean heart dose (0.96  vs. 0.9 Gy, p = 0.228), lower maximum dose to contralateral breast (3.2  vs. 3.6 Gy, p = 0.174), and nipple (19.6  vs. 20.1 Gy, p = 0.363). Compared to TrueBeam, Halcyon plans provided similar patient‐specific QA pass rates and independent in‐house Monte Carlo second check results of 99.6% vs. 97.9% (3%/2 mm gamma criteria) and 98.6% versus 99.2%, respectively, suggesting similar treatment delivery accuracy. Halcyon provided shorter beam‐on time (1.49  vs. 1.68 min, p = 0.036).

Conclusion

Compared to the SBRT‐dedicated TrueBeam, Halcyon VMAT plans provided similar plan quality and treatment delivery accuracy, yet potentially faster treatment via one‐step patient setup and verification with no patient collision issues. Rapid delivery of daily APBI on Fast‐Forward trial on Halcyon with door‐to‐door patient time < 10 min, could reduce intrafraction motion errors, and improve patient comfort and compliance. We have started treating APBI on Halcyon. Clinical follow‐up results are warranted. We recommend Halcyon users consider implementing the protocol to remote and underserved APBI patients in Halcyon‐only clinics.
Examination of the Increased Risk for Falls Among Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Population‐Based Study
Authors: Wilfong Jessica M. , Perruccio Anthony V. , Badley Elizabeth M.
Published: May 2023

Objective

To characterize the profile of individuals with and without knee osteoarthritis (OA) who fell, and to identify factors contributing to an individual with knee OA experiencing 1 or multiple injurious falls.

Methods

Data are from the baseline and 3‐year follow‐up questionnaires of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, a population‐based study of people ages 45–85 years at baseline. Analyses were limited to individuals either reporting knee OA or no arthritis at baseline (n = 21,710). Differences between falling patterns among those with and without knee OA were tested using chi‐square tests and multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models. An ordinal logistic regression model examined predictors of experiencing 1 or more injurious falls among individuals with knee OA.

Results

Among individuals reporting knee OA, 10% reported 1 or more injurious falls; 6% reported 1 fall, and 4% reported 2+ falls. Having knee OA significantly contributed to the risk of falling (odds ratio [OR] 1.33 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.14–1.56]), and individuals with knee OA were more likely to report having a fall indoors while standing or walking. Among individuals with knee OA, reporting a previous fall (OR 1.75 [95% CI 1.22–2.52]), previous fracture (OR 1.42 [95% CI 1.12–1.80]), and having urinary incontinence (OR 1.38 [95% CI 1.01–1.88]) were significant predictors of falling.

Conclusion

Our findings support the idea that knee OA is an independent risk factor for falls. The circumstances in which falls occur differ from those for individuals without knee OA. The risk factors and environments that are associated with falling may provide opportunities for clinical intervention and fall prevention strategies.
Fault diagnosis and fault‐tolerant control for bilinear stochastic distribution systems with actuator fault
Authors: Cao Bo , Yao Lina
Published: May 2023

In the paper, the problem of fault diagnosis and fault‐tolerant control for the bilinear stochastic distribution system with actuator fault is studied. Firstly, based on a grain processing device, a bilinear stochastic distribution system model is established. Then, a new unknown input observer is designed to diagnose the fault, and a model‐predicted fault‐tolerant controller is designed for the system on the basis of the estimated fault information, in order to keep the system stable or still maintain the control performance after the fault occurs. Finally, the validity of the proposed algorithm is verified by the grain processing process.
Decentralized adaptive finite‐time fault‐tolerant control for a class of high‐power interconnected nonlinear systems via graph theory
Authors: Yang Tingting , Ma Hongjun
Published: May 2023

This article investigates the decentralized adaptive finite‐time fault‐tolerant control (FTC) for unknown strong interconnected nonlinear systems with high‐powers and actuator faults. The powers are the ratio of positive odd rational integers and may be different, which makes the presented scheme different from existing work on interconnected nonlinear systems. The considered interconnections are governed by some boundary functions that grow nonlinearly in the states of all subsystems. First, the difficulty brought by high powers to controller design is overcome by introducing the adding one power integrator method. Then, based on backstepping method and FTC theory, a decentralized adaptive algorithm is proposed without approximate structure (neural network, fuzzy logic, etc.), which adaptively compensates the impact of actuator faults. Besides, with the aid of algebraic graph theory, the system is stable under practical finite‐time concept. Finally, the effectiveness of the theoretical findings are validated by conducting two simulation examples.
Double‐Microcrack Coupling Stretchable Neural Electrode for Electrophysiological Communication
Authors: Yang Dan , Tian Gongwei , Liang Cuiyuan , Yang Zixu , Zhao Qinyi , Chen Jianhui , Ma Cong , Jiang Ying , An Na , Liu Yan , Qi Dianpeng
Published: May 2023

Developing neural electrodes with high stretchability and stable conductivity is a promising method to explore applications of them in biological medicine and electronic skin. However, considering the poor mechanical stretchability of typical conductive materials, maintaining the connection of electrode conductive paths under high stretching is still a challenge. Herein, for the first time, a double‐microcrack coupling strategy for highly stretchable neural electrodes is proposed. Compared with single‐layer stretchable microcrack electrodes, the design utilizes the complement between two gold microcrack films to contribute more conductive paths. It shows that the resistance change (R/R0) of the electrode under 100% strain is about 5.6 times, which is much lower than other electrodes and exhibits a high stretchability of ≈200%. Simultaneously, this design is an encapsulation‐free design which avoids the electrode performance degradation caused by encapsulation. Furthermore, it is found that the adhesion strength between metal electrode and substrate is critical to the stretchability and stability of electrodes, so polydimethylsiloxane0.9‐isophorone diisocyanate elastomer (PDMS0.9‐IPDI), whose adhesion to gold electrode is 4.5 times higher than that of the commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is synthesized. Finally, the electrophysiological communication between different organisms by electrodes is successfully demonstrated.
Fibrous Viscoelastic Extracellular Matrix Assists Precise Neuronal Connectivity
Authors: Xie Ruipei , Yu Xiaoyu , Cao Ting , Yang Chen , Zhang Yiyu , Wang Xiaochen , Liu Yi‐Jun , Duan Shumin , Ye Fangfu , Fan Qihui
Published: May 2023

Synapse formation in complex neuronal network is a pivotal process for normal functioning of nervous system. Although intense research has been conducted, how neurons and axons are guided toward the target remains largely unclear. In traditional opinions, axons are directed through chemotaxis, while recently mechanotaxis has been brought up as a potential complementary mechanism, as it can provide delicately controlled signals in addition to the random diffusive chemical cues. To further explore the path‐finding mechanism, a quasi‐3D in vitro model for neuronal cells is constructed by integrating hydrogel collagen I as extracellular matrix (ECM), and primary mouse cortical neurons and PC12 cells are tested. It is strikingly found out that axons and neuronal cells can be precisely guided toward target neurites via ECM. By developing a label‐free traction force microscopy technique, the force networks among neurons are presented, validating that the fibrous matrix‐transmitted paratensile signals can assist the axon pathfinding. This precise axon guidance is related to the activation of mechanosensitive ion channels, calcium signaling, and probably the following F‐actin assembly. This mechanism can potentially assist developing clinical applications and designing biomaterials in near future.
Surface Facet Dependent Cycling Stability of Layered Cathodes
Authors: Wang Kuan , Zhang Zhengfeng , Ding Yang , Cheng Sulan , Xiao Biwei , Sui Manling , Yan Pengfei
Published: May 2023

High chemical and mechanical stability of cathode surface are the prerequisites enabling high‐performance rechargeable battery. Surface facet is among the surface properties that dictate surface stability and cycling performance, while its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Herein, it is reported that surface stability is closely related to the surface facet for a variety of layered cathodes. The investigation shows that surface structure of P2 layered cathode undergoes sequential transformation upon cycling, which results in severe surface degradation. This study finds that the surface facets perpendicular to the (002) planes experience severe cracking and corrosion, while other surface facets are much more stable. The surface stability difference mainly comes from a geometric effect on strain release, which determines the mechanical stability of surface. Chemically, transition metal condensation forms a passivation layer to effectively prevent the inward propagation of surface degradation. Therefore, the surface facets oblique to the layered‐planes are intrinsically more resistant to mechanical cracking and chemical corrosion, which is further verified as a common effect in several O3‐type layered cathodes. This work not only deepens the understanding of the mechanism how surface facet affects surface stability, but also validates surface facet regulation can be a promising strategy for optimizing battery materials.
Recent Advances of Transition Metal Complexes for Photopolymerization and 3D Printing under Visible Light
Authors: Ferraro Valentina , Adam Clara R. , Vranic Aleksandra , Bräse Stefan
Published: May 2023

The possibility of exploiting visible light to induce polymerizations is extremely appealing from a technological point of view as it improves the sustainability of the overall process. To achieve this objective, it is necessary to employ single‐ or multicomponent systems containing a photoinitiator, and in some cases, a photosensitizer in combination. Due to their long‐lived excited states and reversible redox properties, transition metal complexes are a valid choice to be applied in photoinitiating systems, often exhibiting enhanced conversions compared to purely organic compounds. This review presents an overview of the transition metal complexes exploited in photopolymerization reactions. Particular attention will be devoted to recent applications in 3D printing, highlighting the possible challenges that need to be faced to achieve highly efficient and more sustainable processes.
Inhomogeneous Friction Behaviour of Nanoscale Phase Separated Layered CuInP2S6
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Dawei , Luo Zheng‐Dong , Sharma Pankaj , Seidel Jan
Published: May 2023

Mechanical friction leads to wear and energy dissipation, and its control is of high importance in new‐generation miniature electromechanical devices. 2D materials such as graphene are considered to be excellent solid lubricants due to their ultralow friction and have attracted considerable research interest. Unique friction properties are discovered in various other 2D materials. However, the friction of functional van der Waals materials which have potential applications in novel nanoelectronics, like ferroelectric copper indium thiophosphate, has barely been studied. Herein, the study reports on the observation of inhomogeneous friction behavior existing in copper‐deficient CuInP2S6 (Cu0.2In1.26P2S6), which exhibits a nanoscale phase separation of polar and non‐polar crystalline phases. The paraelectric In4/3P2S6 phase exhibits higher friction than the ferroelectric CuInP2S6 phase, while phase boundaries between the two phases, interestingly, display the lowest friction. The origin of this phenomenon is attributed to different lattice strains of phases together with the presence of large strains at the nanoscale phase boundaries, which also manifests in the nonuniform tip‐sample adhesion force. The findings provide new insights into nanoscale device design and wear behavior of a phase‐separated van der Waals ferroelectric, which may help to reduce the power consumption of friction‐exhibiting devices and extend their service life.
Advances in Optical Fiber Aptasensor for Biochemical Sensing Applications
Authors: Li Like , Zhang Ya‐nan , Zhang Hongrui , Li Xuegang , Zhao Yong
Published: May 2023

Optical fiber biochemical sensing technology, as a cutting‐edge, multidisciplinary, and universal sensing technology, is gradually becoming the research focus in the field of biochemical sensing. They enjoy distinctive characteristics such as high cost‐effectiveness, flexibility, resistance to electromagnetic interference, and small size and can be used to detect biochemical analytes at ultra‐low concentrations with ultra‐low sample consumption, even when these biochemical analytes are in hard‐to‐reach environments. An aptamer is a DNA or RNA oligonucleotide fragment with a high affinity for the target selected from random sequences. Due to their advantages of simple synthesis, low cost, good stability, good specificity, and strong affinity, they are gradually becoming ideal recognition elements and may replace antibodies as next‐generation target receptors. Therefore, aptamers, as functional materials, are integrated into optical fiber sensors, which are called optical fiber aptasensors, providing new opportunities for the construction of high‐performance and intelligent biochemical sensors. This article aims to review the recent research progress of fiber‐optic aptamer biochemical sensors, with a focus on their sensing mechanisms and applications. Finally, based on the existing deficiencies of fiber‐optic aptamer biochemical sensors and practical requirements, their future development trends are briefly discussed.
Co‐MOF as Stress‐Buffered Architecture: An Engineering for Improving the Performance of NiS/SnO2 Heterojunction in Lithium Storage
Authors: Zhang Ning , Meng Qianqian , Wu Hongyu , Hu Xin , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhou Anbin , Li Yuetong , Huang Yongxin , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: May 2023

Heterostructures with interfacial effects have exhibited great potential for improving the electrochemical kinetics of electrode materials. However, the application of heterostructures is hampered by complicated synthesis parameters and numerous single components. Herein, a multiple‐templating synthesis strategy is proposed to improve the interfacial effect of heterojunction composites, mitigate volume variation upon lithiation/de‐lithiation, and increase interfacial compatibility with poly‐oxyethylene‐based (PEO‐based) electrolytes. Benefiting from the structural and compositional superiorities, the novel NiS/SnO2/MOF (NSM) electrode achieves superior electrochemical performance with exceptional specific capacity, outstanding rate capability and ultralong cyclability. As a result of the compatibility between organic components and the porous properties of metal organic frameworks (MOFs), the NSM electrode exhibits greater interfacial compatibility with PEO‐based solid‐state electrolytes. This work not only describes a meticulous protocol for heterostructured high‐performance electrode materials, but also provides a new insight to enhance the connectivity between the interfaces of solid‐state batteries.
Coactivation of Multiphase Reactants for the Electrosynthesis of Urea
Authors: Lv Zheng , Zhou Shuanglong , Zhao Liang , Liu Ziyi , Liu Jiaxin , Xu Wenxia , Wang Lei , Lai Jianping
Published: May 2023

N2 and CO2 fixation is an environmentally friendly waste‐to‐energy technology that can replace tedious and demanding industrial urea productive processes. Here, VN‐Cu3N‐300 catalysts with tip and vacancy structures are designed for the coactivation of multiphase reactants in the urea electrosynthesis process. Under environmental conditions, the urea yield is 81 µg h−1 cm−2, this is the first report of high area active electrocatalyst, and the corresponding Faraday efficiency is able to reach 28.7%. The full‐cell electrolysis exhibits good stability, providing a current density of 0.7 mA cm−2 at 2.1 V. The electrolyte after continuous electrolysis for 48 h is subjected to being evaporated and recrystallized, and it is determined by 1H NMR that the purity of urea can reach 100%. Comprehensive analysis shows that the local electric field formed by the tip effect can effectively promote the adsorption and activation of CO2. The presence of surface nitrogen vacancies promotes the formation of *NN* intermediates, ensuring CN coupling, and also optimizing the dissociation process of water, providing a proton supply for the synthesis of urea. Thus, the rate‐determining step is altered and the formation of urea is ensured.
Shearigami: Self‐Folding via Shear Deformation
Authors: Wu Rui , Li Longqiu , Wang Zuankai
Published: May 2023

Origami and kirigami have become foundations for programmable sheet materials that fold along flexible creases. However, since they are originated from folded paper that allows no in‐plane sheet deformation, they suffer from limited folding energy arising from narrow creases, and large varieties of crease patterns are completely non‐foldable due to over‐constraint. Herein, a new strategy that breaks the limitations of the conventional crease‐induced folding kinematics by leveraging a folding effect from in‐plane shear deformation of the sheet is reported, and it is referred to as shearigami. It is shown that shearigami extends the realm of foldable structures to include the strictly non‐foldable origami patterns such as degree‐3 vertices, and the sheet‐stored self‐folding energy outperforms the crease‐stored energy by a potentially two orders of magnitude. Shearigami also inherits the mathematical framework of paper folding and provides a unified view that regards origami and kirigami as two special cases. Herein, self‐folding shearigami models are experimentally demonstrated based on previously non‐foldable patterns, including artificial muscles with rapid shear‐induced extension. The way is paved toward active structures and architectured materials with design freedom and self‐folding capabilities beyond origami and kirigami.
Comparison of frame index reference percentiles in Argentine and European boys and girls
Authors: Navazo Bárbara , Garraza Mariela , Torres María Fernanda , Dahinten Silvia Lucrecia , Quintero Fabián Aníbal , Cesani María Florencia
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The frame index (FI), based on measurements of elbow breadth and height, is the body frame size parameter most frequently used in child and adolescent populations to assess skeletal robustness. In 2018, the first FI reference percentiles were elaborated with data of boys and girls aged 0–18 years from different European populations. In Argentina, the FI reference values were published in 2022.

Objective

The present study aims to compare the Argentine (AR) and European (EU) FI reference percentiles to evaluate possible variation in bone robustness between populations.

Methods

The values of the 3rd, 50th and 97th percentiles of the AR and EU FI references for boys and girls aged 4–14 years were compared using the Wilcoxon test (p < .05). Percentage differences between means (PDM) were calculated to analyze the magnitude of the differences between both references. The R 3.2.0 program was used to plot the percentile curves.

Results

The FI reference values were lower in AR than in EU in both the 3rd and the 50th percentiles, regardless of sex and age. Conversely, the AR reference values of the 97th percentile were higher than the EU values at most ages.

Conclusions

The comparison of the AR and EU FI references showed similar age and sex growth patterns. However, differences in percentile values between populations were observed, highlighting the importance of having local references for the evaluation of skeletal robustness.