bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Influence on Perceptions of Hostile Environment Sexual Harassment
Authors: Baird Carol L. , Bensko Nora L. , Bell Paul A. , Viney Wayne , Woody William Douglas
Published: August 2011

Perceptions of sexual harassment were investigated as a function of perpetrators' and recipients' gender. Undergraduate students (100 women, 98 men) were presented 34 scenarios of men and women interacting at work. Participants were asked to read carefully each scenario and indicate on a scale anchored by 1 (strongly disagree) and 7 (strongly agree) their opinions as to whether the scenario represented an incident of sexual harassment. Analysis indicated that women rated “hostile environment” scenarios as more harassing than men, and male perpetrators were rated as more harassing than female perpetrators. Even though some scenarios were rated as more harassing than others, the full range of the 7-point scale was used on every scenario, indicating a lack of agreement on what constitutes harassment. This lack of agreement highlights the debate within the legal community about whether the “reasonable person” or the “reasonable woman” standard should be used to judge sexual harassment in the workplace.
Conceptualization and Measurement of Argumentativeness: A Decade Later
Authors: Blickle Gerhard
Published: August 2011

The factor structure as well as criterion-related validity of Argumentativeness were examined in three independent samples ( N = 811) with correlations including confirmatory factor analysis. Factor scores show that Approach-oriented and Avoidance-oriented Argumentativeness are negatively correlated. In addition, a factor of Evaluation of Argumentative Skills was established for self-ratings and peer-ratings. Scores on Avoidance-oriented Argumentativeness correlate strongly with Compliance and scores on Approach-oriented Argumentativeness correlate low with Assertiveness. Scores of Approach-oriented Argumentativeness correlate with Openness to Experience from the NEO-Five Factor Inventory and scores of Avoidance-oriented Argumentativeness with Neuroticism. Self-evaluations and evaluations by two independent raters in an adult sample were positively correlated.
Authoritarianism and Projection
Authors: Lewis Christopher Alan , Maltby John
Published: August 2011

To extend the 1995 work of McCollaum and Lester, 378 undergraduate students were administered the conservatism scale of the Wilson-Patterson Attitude Inventory and the projection scale of the Defense Style Questionnaire-40. No significant association was found between scores on conservatism and projection.
Locus of Control, Academic Self-Concept, and Attribution of Responsibility for Performance in Statistics
Authors: Anazonwu Charles O.
Published: August 2011

To explain examination performance in a course on statistical methods in psychology by 33 men and 28 women undergraduates in psychology ( M age = 24.1 yr.), the roles of causal attributions, locus of control for classroom beliefs, and academic self-concepts were explored. Students who made ability or effort attributions performed better and had higher internal control scores than students with task or luck ascriptions. Also, scores on academic self-concept correlated .33 with academic performance. Students high on academic self-concept performed better than those with low academic self-concept.
Personality, Peer Influence, and Use of Alcohol and Drugs by First-Year University Students
Authors: Valliant Paul M.
Published: August 2011

A comparison of 42 male and 42 female first-year university students showed significant personality differences between the populations. Also, males were more influenced by their peers to drink alcohol than were females.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Relaxation Training, and Tricyclic Antidepressant Medication in the Treatment of Depression
Authors: Murphy George E. , Carney Robert M. , Knesevich Mary Ann , Wetzel Richard D. , Whitworth Pamela
Published: August 2011

Outcomes of seven treatment trials comparing cognitive behavioral therapy to treatment with tricyclic antidepressant medication in major depressive disorder have been quite similar to one another. This led us to question whether treatment outcome in time-limited studies reflected a unique effect of cognitive behavioral therapy. To test the uniqueness hypothesis, relaxation training, a nonpharmacologic, noncognitive treatment, was chosen as a comparison for cognitive behavioral therapy as well as drug therapy. Treatment duration was 16 weeks. The sample of 37 patients treated for major depressive disorder was less depressed than those previously studied. For both cognitive behavioral therapy and relaxation training, outcome of depression was superior to that of tricyclic antidepressant medication by endpoint analysis. The posttreatment scores on the Beck Depression Inventory of 82% of the group receiving cognitive behavioral therapy improved to a Beck Depression Inventory score ≤9 which was not significantly greater than that for the group receiving relaxation training.(73%), so a unique effect was not demonstrated for cognitive behavioral therapy. The outcome for tricyclic antidepressant medication (29% improved to criteria) was significantly worse than that for cognitive behavioral therapy. The patient's pretreatment initial expectancy was not predictive.
Comments on “Alcohol Use and Risky Sex among College Students”
Authors: Ridley Dennis R. , Greenlee Shelia P.
Published: August 2011

Most of the conclusions drawn by Carroll and Carroll (1995) regarding alcohol abuse and risky sex among college students are misleading and unfounded given the ambiguity inherent in their methodology.
Institutional Ownership, Corporate Social Performance, and Firms' Financial Performance
Authors: Simerly Roy L.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationship between institutional investors and corporate social performance. Using corporate social performance data from the Fortune database, we demonstrated that institutional investors do not influence the social orientation of corporations. Further, the data seem to indicate that institutional investors are myopic with respect to a corporation's social position. However, there is support for the view that corporate social performance is an integral part of achieving a better match between an organization and the environment.
College Date Rape: Incidence and Reporting
Authors: Finkelson Laura , Oswalt Robert
Published: August 2011

The present survey based on 70% returns ( N=140) of a random sample of 200 women at one college indicated that, although 5% had been date raped, none reported the rapes to authorities due to feelings of self-blame and embarrassment. That rapes are not reported perpetuates a self-fulfilling prophecy that rapes do not occur. A victim of rape may feel she is the only one and may be reluctant to become the exception who reports. This denial by both college authorities and victims does not encourage programs for prevention and treatment.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: CI. Psychology in the Czech Republic, 1993–1994
Authors: Brožek Josef , Hoskovec Jiří
Published: August 2011

This report, supplementing our earlier communications in 1990 and 1993, deals with the developments during the first two years of the Czech Republic (Bohemia and Moravia). We hope that events in Slovakia, the eastern part of former Czechoslovakia, can be covered in a separate account. The following topics are considered: teaching, research, publications, professional associations, psychological services, and international contacts and cooperation.
Cross-Sectional Age Differences in the Self-Conceptions of Adults
Authors: Byrd Mark , Stacey Barete
Published: August 2011

105 young, 104 middle-aged, and 96 elderly adults were asked to supply 20 answers to the question “Who am I.” This followed previous research which has shown the responses of children and adolescents display an age-related increase in the number of abstract ideas used to answer this question. Participants of all age groups also used a high number of abstract ideas to characterize themselves, but the nature of these abstractions showed maturation-related variations in openness, competence, and moral integrity. This pattern of results supports Erik Erikson's theory of identity development in adulthood.
Pretense and Hidden Feelings in the Humane Society Environment: A Source of Stress
Authors: Hart Lynette A. , Mader Bonnie
Published: August 2011

Humane society staff and administrators described a need to present themselves in the workplace as strong and helpful, despite feeling angry and disgusted with the public who relinquish animals and also feeling guilty when killing those animals.
Survivors' Trauma and Departmental Response following Deaths of Police Officers
Authors: Violanti John M.
Published: August 2011

It was hypothesized that satisfaction with supportive reactions of the police department following the on-duty death of an officer helps to ameliorate traumatic stress in surviving spouses. This hypothesis is based on the premise that the police-work group is cohesive and provides a psychological safety net for the surviving spouse. A secondary analysis was conducted of data obtained from 162 surviving police spouses. Analysis indicated that spouses' reported satisfaction with the department was significantly associated with lower trauma stress scores. These findings suggest that police departments should formulate policy to provide assistance to spouses surviving duty-related police deaths.
Social Skills of Persons with Self-Defeating Personality
Authors: Schill Thomas
Published: August 2011

55 undergraduate men and 55 women took Schill's 1990 Self-defeating Personality Scale and Lorr, Youniss, and Stefic's (1991) multidimensional Social Relations Survey. As expected, persons who endorsed more self-defeating characteristics scored lower on scales which make up the Social Skills or Assertiveness Factor. However, these scores did not have significant correlations with the Empathy or Social Approval Need Scales; two of the three scales which make up the Empathy Factor. The results were discussed in terms of prior work relating deficits in social skills to dysfunctional early parenting
Comparison of Measures of Socioeconomic Status between Ethnic Groups
Authors: Edwards-Hewitt Terilee , Gray James J.
Published: August 2011

It has been hypothesized that African Americans report lower scores than Caucasians on standardized tests of socioeconomic status. College students were asked to report their family's socioeconomic class. In addition, the Revised Hollings-head four-factor socioeconomic questionnaire was given. Both groups surveyed, African American and Caucasian, underestimated their social class, but there were no differences between the groups.
Management Practices, Employees' Satisfaction and Perceptions of Quality of Service
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

Economies in the industrialized world have increasingly moved from manufacturing to service industries. This study examined correlations between measures of management practices, employees' satisfaction, and perceptions of service quality among employees of a large professional services firm. 1608 women and men provided data by questionnaire completed anonymously. Employees describing management practices more favorably and employees reporting more positive affective responses perceived the firm as providing higher quality service and products to clients.
Retrospective Appraisals of Fathers' Effectiveness and Psychological Health of Adults
Authors: Brost Leslie , Johnson William
Published: August 2011

Previous research has shown fathers' self-reports of their effectiveness to be positively correlated with their children's psychological health To assess the relationship between adults' retrospective appraisals of fathers' effectiveness and psychological health, 52 adult participants rated their fathers' effectiveness using a modified version of the Seven Secrets Survey and rated their current psychological health on the Personality Assessment Questionnaire. Total scores on the two measures correlated −.37. Three of the six Seven Secrets Survey scales, Knowing your Child, Consistency, and Protecting/Providing, were also correlated with total scores on the Personality Assessment Questionnaire.
Is Creativity Related to Scores on Critical Thinking?
Authors: Gadzella Bernadette M. , Penland Elizabeth
Published: August 2011

44 subjects responded to the 16 PF Creativity scale and the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal to assess associations of scores on creativity with those on critical thinking. Pearson rs were significant and positive for subscales of Inference and Interpretations and Total Scale.
Measuring Social Desirability among Senior Medical Students
Authors: Merrill Joseph M. , Laux Lila F. , Lorimor Ronald J. , Thornby John I. , Vallbona Carlos
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the study was to assess the role of medical students' social desirability scores on influencing their attitudes toward either a geriatric or hypochondriac patient. To carry out this investigation, we developed a social desirability scale that was domain-specific for medicine Students' medical social desirability scores predicted negative attitudes and beliefs toward the geriatric but not the hypochondriac patient. This difference suggests that medical students find it acceptable to dislike the hypochondriac as a patient but not the elderly person. Social desirability scores were inversely related to Machiavellian scores, suggesting that medical students with a Machiavellian response pattern tend to view their role as a physician in a less idealized way. Students who scored highest on social desirability tended to choose obstetrics-gynecology for their future career and those with the lowest scores either pathology or surgical subspecialties. Research with this scale should help assess social desirability's role in medical students' skills in managing the impression they leave with patients.
Ethnic Differences on the Outcome Questionnaire
Authors: Nebeker R. Scott , Lambert Michael J. , Huefner Jonathan C.
Published: August 2011

The Outcome Questionnaire is a 45-item inventory of client-reported symptoms and distress, used to track therapeutic change on a session-by-session basis. Data collected with the cooperation of a managed care provider were analyzed to note ethnic differences on the questionnaire. 1552 first session questionnaires were selected and mean total and subscale scores were analyzed using analysis-of-variance procedures for differences by ethnicity. No significant differences were found; however, significant ethnic differences on some items were noted, and these are reported with ethnic trends in clients' problems, diagnoses, and therapists' ratings on Global Assessment of Functioning. These findings were contrasted with those of other studies reporting ethnic differences on various measures such as IQ and personality assessment.
Self-Critical Depressive Experience in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: McCranie Edward W. , Hyer Leon A.
Published: August 2011

Consistent with prior research, 73 hospitalized male Vietnam veterans with combat-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) reported high scores on Self-criticism as measured by the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. Self-criticism scores predicted greater severity of PTSD (Mississippi scale) after controlling for symptomatic depression (MMPI-D scale), suggesting that the nature of depression in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder differs from that in major depressive disorder.
Infant Mortality in Caucasians and African Americans
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

For 33 states with data on infant mortality by race in 1980, the infant mortality of African Americans was predicted by illegitimacy rates whereas Caucasian infant mortality was predicted by the percentage of adults separated and the percentage with a college education.
The Pleasures and Problems of Hearing Dog Ownership
Authors: Hart Lynette A. , Zasloff R. Lee , Benfatto Anne Marie
Published: August 2011

Emotional aspects of owning hearing dogs were explored in 38 hearing-dog owners and a control group of 23 prospective owners. Both groups listed companionship and hearing assistance as pleasant reasons for owning such dogs. Having a dog and personal independence were reasons mentioned only by prospective owners. Both groups mentioned travel complications as unpleasant problems. Owners referred to dogs' behavior problems significantly more often than did prospective owners who appeared to have unrealistic expectations that dog ownership would be problem-free.
The Relationship of Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulation, and Collaborative Verbal Behavior with Grades: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Feldmann Shirley C. , Martinez-Pons Manuel , Shaham Dan
Published: August 2011

In this study, we sought preliminary information about the relationships among measures of self-efficacy, self-regulation, collaborative learning behavior, and grades. The collaborative verbal behavior of 20 students in a computer course was observed. Also, students responded to a questionnaire to assess their academic self-efficacy. A teacher rated each student's self-regulated learning behaviors. The measures were taken at various points throughout the school year, and the data were analyzed using path analysis. Although students scoring higher on self-regulation tended to score higher also on the measures of collaborative verbal behavior than did those who scored lower on self-regulation, scores on self-regulation rather than on verbal engagement were correlated with grades. The findings were discussed in the light of social cognitive theory and recommendations were made for further study.
American Indian Suicide Rates and the Economy
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

The average suicide rate of American Indians in New Mexico from 1958 to 1986 for three tribes was positively associated with the over-all New Mexico unemployment rate as was the over-all New Mexico suicide rate.
Correspondence between Students' Scores on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II and Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised
Authors: Wierzbicki Michael , Gorman Joseph L.
Published: August 2011

The relation between two measures of personality disorders was examined in a nonclinical sample of 113 college students (86 women, 27 men) who completed the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised. Raw scores for 10 of 11 corresponding scales on the two instruments were significantly correlated (median r = .49). Compared to Millon's inventory, the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised designated more subjects as having eccentric personality disorders but fewer as having anxious personality disorders. The significant association between scores on the inventories suggests that they assess personality traits that vary continuously in nonclinical samples. However, the finding that they differ significantly in their assignment of clinical labels shows that they should not be used to diagnose personality disorders in nonclinical populations.
An Immediate Response to Environmentally Disturbing News and the Environmental Attitudes of College Students
Authors: Gardos Victoria T. , Dodd David K.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the effect of reading a news article about a major oil spill upon the immediately tested environmental attitudes of 65 college students. The 34 women tended to respond in a more proenvironmental manner than did the 31 men. Several controls for follow-up study are suggested.
Children and Exposure to the Sun: Relationships among Attitudes, Knowledge, Intentions, and Behavior
Authors: Kubar Wendy L. , Rodrigue James R. , Hoffmann Russell G.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationships among measures of knowledge of skin cancer, attitudes toward sun exposure, intentions to use sunscreen, and self-reported use of sunscreen by 105 fifth-grade children. Positive correlations were obtained between knowledge and intentions to use sunscreen, knowledge and healthier attitudes, and intentions to use sunscreen and healthier attitudes toward sun exposure. Surprisingly, knowledge, attitudes, and intentions were not significantly associated with reported use of sunscreen. Researchers designing interventions to effect behavioral change, i.e., sunscreen use, in children might further explore the predictive utility of these constructs as well as examine the utility of other important variables not measured here.
Maternal Characteristics of Adolescent Mothers and Older Mothers of Infants
Authors: Camp Bonnie W.
Published: August 2011

Cognitive status and childrearing attitudes of adolescent mothers were compared with those of older women from the same socioeconomic status when their children were infants. The 106 adolescent mothers were significantly lower than the 47 older women on measures of cognitive status but significantly higher in authoritarian attitudes.
Senior Managers and Executive Information Systems: Examining Linkages among Individual Characteristics, Attitudes, Computer Use, and Intentions
Authors: Fisher Randall
Published: August 2011

Fifty executives were interviewed and completed a demographic survey and a measure of cognitive style. Accountants had more positive attitudes toward use of computers. The relationship between the extent of computer training in general and attitude was significant. Attitude was significantly linked to intentions but not to actual use.
Does Pressure from the Work Community Increase Risk Taking?
Authors: Salminen Simo
Published: August 2011

Based on the zero-risk theory, it was assumed that the pressure created by the work community is an “extra motive” for increased risk taking. The pressure from the work community was operationalized as the influence of coworkers, foremen, and customers. A risk-taking scale was constructed based on the interviews of 72 victims of serious occupational accidents. Analysis did not confirm the hypothesis because there was no significant difference between risk takers and risk avoiders in the influence of coworkers, foremen, and customers. The pressure of the work community may not be such an “extra motive” as the zero-risk theory assumes.
Ethical Implications of Charging for Missed Sessions
Authors: Fay Allen
Published: August 2011

The argument is made that the common practice of charging psychotherapy patients for missed sessions constitutes unethical conduct from which the therapist benefits at the patient's expense. Although various rationales and rationalizations have been put forth to justify the practice, the essential facts are that therapists are being paid for a service not performed and the patient-therapist relationship is often damaged, with the result that the patient's progress is impeded. The practice is therefore alien to the basic goals of psychotherapy, an enterprise that involves human interactions centering on positive bonding and collaborative problem solving. It is suggested that mental health workers' professional associations scrutinize the practice more closely and make stronger recommendations to discourage it.
Psychological, Interpersonal, and Behavioral Correlates of Chronic Self-Destructiveness: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Boudewyn Arne Cornelius , Liem Joan Huser
Published: August 2011

In this study, we selected individuals high and low on a measure of chronic self-destructiveness—the tendency to perform behaviors that later reduce positive consequences and increase the probability of experiencing negative ones—and attempted to differentiate high and low scorers based on a set of hypothesized antecedent and concurrent psychological, interpersonal, and behavioral correlates. Men and women were equally represented in high- and low-scoring groups. High scorers reported experiencing more interpersonal exploitation, greater depression, lower self-esteem, more externalizing attitudes, and less control in relationships than low scorers. High-scoring individuals also engaged in more frequent acts of acute self-destructiveness, including attempted suicide. A significant age covariate effect emerged: high-scoring men and women were younger than low-scoring individuals. These findings underscore the importance of studying chronic self-destructiveness within a developmental framework and suggest that issues of safety and self-care may be particularly germane to educational and clinical interventions aimed at young adults.
Relation between the Tolerance Questionnaire (Nicotine Dependence) and Assessment of Carbon Monoxide in Smokers Who Participated in Treatment for Smoking
Authors: Becoña Elisardo , García M. Pilar
Published: August 2011

It is very important to have objective measurements of nicotine dependence or tobacco addiction, especially in the treatment of smokers. The most utilized physiological assessment is the carbon monoxide (one of the components of tobacco smoke) in expired air. A noninvasive measure of nicotine dependence is the Fagerström's Tolerance Questionnaire. In our study we compared responses on the Tolerance Questionnaire of 217 smokers who participated in a treatment to stop smoking and also measurements of carbon monoxide in expired air (evaluated with a Mini Smokerlyzer EC-50). Analysis showed the utility of the Tolerance Questionnaire in the discrimination of number of cigarettes smoked prior to and after treatment and at follow-up.
Assessing Machiavellianism and Morality-Conscience Guilt
Authors: Drake Daniel S.
Published: August 2011

If Machiavellians behave relatively morally or ethically as stated by Leary and colleagues in 1986, then hypotheses regarding their immorality should be reexamined. 84 MBA students in a program at Fairleigh Dickinson University completed Christie and Geis' 1970 Mach IV scale and the Guilty-Conscience subscale of Mosher's 1988 Revised Mosher Guilt Inventory. Results indicate that some students scored high on both Machiavellianism and Morality-Conscience Guilt.
Dimensionality of Burnout: Testing for Invariance across Jordanian and Emirati Teachers
Authors: Abu-Hilal Maher M.
Published: August 2011

This study was designed to assess the structure of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for 218 Jordanian and 162 Emirati teachers. LISREL was used to test the invariance of factor structure across the two Middle Eastern samples. Coefficients alpha were computed for the three subscales of the inventory for the samples. The results indicated that the parameter estimates were invariant across the two samples; however, not all factor correlations were invariant. Factor correlations of Jordanian teachers were larger than those of the Emirati teachers. Coefficients alpha ranged between .71 and .84 for the Jordanians and between .68 and .83 for the Emiratis. The inventory appears to be valid and reliable for non Western teachers as well as Western teachers.
Use of Adventure Experiences in Traditional Counseling Interventions
Authors: Parker Michael , Stoltenberg Cal D.
Published: August 2011

Use of adventure as an intervention in traditional counseling was explored with 84 adolescent clients from two community-based counseling agencies and residents from two boys' homes. The adolescents were assigned to conditions of counseling plus adventure experiences, counseling only, adventure only, or a control. Analysis indicated limited support for increasing self-esteem and social skills by adding adventure experiences to on-going counseling.
The Complexity of Sexuality
Authors: Herron William G. , Herron Mary Jane
Published: August 2011

Recent genetic and environmental theories of the etiology of homosexuality are evaluated. Interactive theory is proposed as a better alternative for understanding the development of sexual identity and sexual preference.
Effectiveness of “Begging” as a Persuasive Tactic for Improving Response Rate on a Client/Agency Mail Survey
Authors: Maynard Michael L.
Published: August 2011

This experimental study tested the assumption that ingratiation through the researcher's frank request for compliance yields higher response rates to mail surveys. The hypothesis was tested by inserting a cartoon of the researcher “begging” the recipient within the treatment group to respond. Results suggest that begging achieved a reduction in nonresponse within the treatment group ( n = 116). Also, begging made no significant difference along the dimensions of job function, gender, or seniority.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: CIV. Eminence in Psychology as Measured by Name Counts and Eponyms
Authors: Roeckelein Jon E.
Published: August 2011

Two measures of eminence in psychology are proposed, (1) consistency of surname counts among authors of introductory psychology textbooks and (2) frequency of use of eponyms in the psychological literature. After comparing surname counts from introductory psychology textbooks across 75 years with page-space allocations from history of psychology textbooks, it was suggested that the present measures are orthogonal to other existing measures of eminence which are based on content analyses of textbooks. Also, when surname counts were plotted against ranked positions of individuals and when percent of use of eponyms was plotted against frequency (low, medium, high) category, respectively, a hyperbolic shaped curve for the surnames and significant disproportions for the eponyms was observed. These findings agree with previous data which led to the conclusion that those who are highly eminent in psychology receive a disproportionate share of attention, praise, and citation space in the psychological literature.
Relationship of Personal and Situational Factors to Managers' Expectations of Organizational Change
Authors: Naughton Thomas J.
Published: August 2011

This is a study of 93 public sector managers' expectations of the effects of rumored changes in policies and operating procedures on their ability to influence program direction and manage staff in their offices. Analysis indicated that managers of smaller offices were more likely to expect a decrease in staff morale than managers of larger offices. The mood factor of nervousness (negative activation) was also related to expectations of decreased staff morale.
Sexual Harassment: The “Reasonable Person” vs “Reasonable Woman” Standards have not been Resolved
Authors: Woody William Douglas , Viney Wayne , Bell Paul A. , Bensko Nora L.
Published: August 2011

Previous research suggests that women are more likely than men to perceive a hostile environment of sexual harassment in job-related scenarios. Such findings raise questions about whether a “reasonable woman” standard might be preferable to a “reasonable person” standard for adjudication of some sexual harassment cases. There are sound arguments for both positions, and there is no basis at the present time for unequivocal and categorical support for one position over the other.
Eysenck Personality Inventory: Impulsivity/Neuroticism and Social Desirability Response Set
Authors: Kumari Veena
Published: August 2011

The Hindi version of the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Trait scale of the Hindi version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered to 945 female Indian students ( M age = 20.4 yr., SD = 1.4) to study the personalities of those scoring low and high on the Lie scale, and the association of Lie scale scores in the intercorrelation between Impulsivity and Neuroticism under no motivation to fake good. The group with low scores on the Lie scale had lower scores on Impulsivity and higher scores on Neuroticism and Trait Anxiety than a group scoring high on the Lie scale. No association of Lie scale scores was observed with scores on Extraversion. Lie scale scores were differentially associated with scores on Impulsivity and Neuroticism. The need to consider the Lie scale in addition to other scales in studies of personality is emphasised.
Dissociation in an Outpatient Sample of Women Reporting Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Keaney Joanne C. , Farley Melissa
Published: August 2011

Researchers are providing evidence for the presence of dissociative symptoms in patients with histories of childhood sexual abuse. A total of 53 outpatient women who reported sexual abuse in childhood were interviewed and compared with 30 outpatient controls who reported no abuse. Controlling for the effect of physical abuse or maltreatment unrelated to sexual abuse, significant differences in mean scores were found on the Dissociative Experiences Scale. The effect of physical abuse or maltreatment on dissociation scores was not significant but may have been sensitive to the size of the sample.
Correlates of Portuguese College Students' Shyness and Sociability
Authors: Neto Félix
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the relationship between shyness and sociability among 194 Portuguese college students. A factor analysis of the intercorrelation matrix of shyness and sociability items gave two distinct factors indicating that shyness and sociability are distinct personality dispositions. Shyness scores showed only a moderate negative correlation with sociability. Further, the measures of shyness and sociability had different patterns of correlations with other personality scales. The Portuguese translation of shyness and sociability scales seems sufficiently reliable and valid to warrant further use with Portuguese individuals.
Elderly Persons' Perceptions of Humor as a Gender-Linked Characteristic
Authors: Vitulli William F. , Parman Deborah L.
Published: August 2011

Attitudes toward the role that humor is supposed to play in the repertoires of men and women may explain the extent to which elderly people avail themselves of humor's potential benefits. 96 volunteers consisting of 24 men (ages 59–90 years) and 72 women (ages 51–93 years) responded to Vitulli's Humor Rating Scale. The rating scale measured attitudes toward male-oriented humor, female-oriented humor, general humor values, and an index of “differentiation of humor by gender.” A 2 × 2 factorial (split-plot) analysis of variance suggested a possible interaction between gender of participant and gender-oriented scales. Elderly men and women agreed on “general humor values,” and they both rated humor as an important quality for men on the male-oriented rating scale, yet a post hoc Scheffé test showed a significant gender effect on the female-oriented rating scale. Elderly women perceived humor as an important quality for women, whereas elderly men did not. Cohort effects and social situations in senior citizens' living complexes may account for some of the findings.
Factor Structure of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children with Egyptian Schoolchildren
Authors: Elwan Fadia Z.
Published: August 2011

The present study investigated the consistency on which the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) is based. To examine the construct validity of this battery, six subtests of the K-ABC and one test from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised were administered to 172 children (82 boys and 90 girls) in Grades 1, 3, and 5. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the factor structure for the Egyptian sample was obtained for Mental Processing and Achievement subtests and then compared to the factor structure obtained for children from the standardization sample. Analysis showed that the factor structure obtained from the Egyptian sample was similar to the specified structure of the K-ABC. The results were discussed in terms of biological and cultural influences on the stability of the two modes of processing.
Communication Patterns in a Professional Services Firm
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

This study examined sources of information within a single large professional services firm. 1608 women and men indicated amount received, preferred sources, and value of information from nine specific sources. Respondents received, preferred, and attached greater value to interpersonal sources. Official company publications and bulletin boards provided less, were less preferred, and less valued sources of information.
Individual and Situational Factors That Influence Managers' Ethical Judgments: A Comment
Authors: Chonko Lawrence B.
Published: August 2011

The author provides a few comments on the results presented by Bass and Hebert (1995) in a study of marketing managers' responses to an ethical scenario.
Computer Use in Schools for the Blind in Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Iwao , Tanaka Atsushi , Okuzumi Hideyuki
Published: August 2011

In a school for the blind, computer use and feelings toward computers by 34 visually impaired students receiving secondary education and by their 42 teachers were investigated with a questionnaire. Most subjects used computers effectively, but some students who had low vision did not wish to use them to avoid strain on their eyes. The computers allowed use of Kanji (Chinese characters) by the blind students, providing a new tool in their learning of Kanji. In classes, it is necessary to maintain and customize the computers continuously.
Note on Forced Institutional Relocation of Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Thorson James A.
Published: August 2011

A recent article in this journal by Jessen, Cardiello, and Baun misinterpreted results of a study on the effects of the relocation of a group of nursing home residents.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression by General Practitioners in England
Authors: Rout Usha , Rout Jaya K.
Published: August 2011

This paper describes a preliminary study of diagnosis and treatment of depression by general practitioners in England. They regarded primary care depression as a reactive mood disorder with both physical and psychological symptoms and associated with those groups who are most vulnerable to life stressors. Four groups were seen as at risk from depression: elderly persons, menopausal women, young mothers, and those in early adulthood. The practitioners relied primarily on their experience to diagnose depression rather than following any official diagnostic criteria. Although they were in favour of nondrug therapy in treating depression, they mainly practised drug therapy due to time pressure and limited availability of resources.
Correlations of Scores on the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale and the Quality Marriage Index
Authors: Calahan Charles A.
Published: August 2011

For 220 married spouses correlations on the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale and the Quality Marriage Index of .90 and .95 suggested the scales may be adequate to measure marital quality
Alexithymia in Substance Abuse: Relationship to Depression
Authors: Fukunishi Isao
Published: August 2011

Recently Giannini reported that substance abusers were significantly higher alexithymic scorers than healthy volunteers but that the alexithymia scores correlated positively with scores of mood states on the five-factor model for healthy volunteers not but for substance abusers. This suggested that researchers should not aggregate all substance abusers into one group. To check Giannini's suggestions, further examinations including mood changes in substance abusers seem needed.
Interorganizational Climate within Marketing Channels: Analysis of a Measure
Authors: Hammond Kevin L. , Brown Gene , Harmon Harry A.
Published: August 2011

The psychometric properties of the 1987 Anderson, Lodish, and Weitz Interorganizational Climate Scale were examined by applying the scale in a different setting. The construct was studied within the context of the relationships between manufacturers and distributors as perceived by the manufacturers. The scale which was described as unidimensional in the original study in presenting relationships of manufacturer and sales agent was observed through application of factor analysis to be multidimensional in this study. Suggestions for research were provided.
Silencing the Self: Applying Jack's Schemas to Issues of Norm Discrepancies and Double Standards for Gender
Authors: Koutrelakos James , Baranchik Al
Published: August 2011

Two cognitive schemas, Divided Self and Care As Self-sacrifice, relating the silencing of the self to intimate relationships were investigated for their association with norm discrepancy and double standard for gender in Greece ( n = 373) and in the USA (Americans, n = 333, Greek Americans, n = 66). Differences within gender and cultural groups were observed. Most strikingly, in Greece persons of each sex expected more self-sacrifice from those of the opposite sex.
Dimensional Analysis of past and Present Satisfaction in Relation to Present Marital Satisfaction
Authors: Pléchaty Michel , Couturier Sonia , Côté Maude , Roy Marc-André , Massicotte Josiane , Freeston Mark H.
Published: August 2011

The Past and Present Married Life Questionnaire was administered to 92 adults to study the convergence between past and present evaluations of satisfaction for different spheres of married life and to assess the relation of convergence to current marital satisfaction. Greater convergence was associated with greater current satisfaction on the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Scale.
A Comment on DSM—IV'S Diagnostic Taxa
Authors: Coles E. M.
Published: August 2011

It is suggested that the current American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic and statistical manual does not distinguish between natural or identity categories and artificial or equivalence categories and that, while this has facilitated research on social policy, it has hampered the development of therapies.
Cattell's 16 PF and PSY Inventory: Relationship between Personality Traits and Behavioral Responses in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bonaguidi Franco , Michelassi Claudio , Trivella M. Giovanna , Carpeggiani Clara , Pruneti Carlo A. , Cesana Giancarlo , L'Abbate Antonio
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between personality and behavioral responses in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In a first step, a new instrument (PSY Inventory) for assessment of six behavioral characteristics (Sense of Responsibility, Energy and Competitiveness, Obsessive Behavior, Anger and Hostility, Stress-related Disturbances, Time Urgency) was developed by using factor analysis on intercorrelations of responses from 524 subjects of the general population. Internal consistency reliability for each of the PSY subscales was estimated by Cronbach alpha coefficients. In a second step, the PSY Inventory was administered with the Cattell 16 PF Questionnaire to 838 patients affected by acute myocardial infarction. Significant correlations although relatively low in magnitude for PSY Inventory subscales and certain scales of the Cattell 16 PF were found. With factor analysis on 22 variables (including the six PSY Inventory subscales and the 16 scales of the Cattell 16 PF), five second-order factors were identified, namely, Extraversion, Neurotic Anxiety, Superego Strength, Pathemia, and Neurotic Hostility. While a Pathemia Factor (characterized by sensitivity, imagination, and self-sufficiency) was factorially independent of scales of the PSY Inventory, Extraversion, Neurotic Anxiety, Superego Strength, and Neurotic Hostility Factors were composed of the PSY Inventory scales and Cattell 16 PF scales combined. These relationships would reflect the concordance of internal constructs for behavioral measures of the PSY Inventory and those of personality traits of the 16 PF Questionnaire in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
The Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence: Predictive Validity in a Random Sample
Authors: Andersson Helle W.
Published: August 2011

The predictive validity of The Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence was investigated in a random sample of 100 boys and 96 girls from two Norwegian cities. Infants were assessed on the Fagan test between the ages of 7 to 9 months A follow-up at 5 years included the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised (WPPSI–R) and three subtests from the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA). Low internal consistency of the Fagan test was found, with alphas of .10 and .02 for the two study sites. Fagan test-score correlated significantly with WPPSI–Verbal IQ and with scores on ITPA Auditory Reception for both samples, but the mean correlation was as low as .22. The prediction was not significantly higher for infants tested before 8 months of age than for those tested later. The study raises questions about use of the Fagan test as a screening tool in a nonrisk population.
Validity and Reliability of the Cultural Literacy Test
Authors: Pentony Joseph F.
Published: August 2011

Hirsch in 1987 advanced the thesis that poor readers do not know much about our cultural background and consequently read poorly. He developed a 115-item test to measure this construct. The purpose of the present study was to assess the reliability and validity of Hirsch's Cultural Literacy Test with 42 Caucasian, 63 African-American, and 22 Hispanic students of a community college. Scores on the Cultural Literacy Test correlated .28 with GPA, grade in freshman English .27, and Texas Academic Skills Program Reading .33, Mathematics .30, and Writing .40. Regular English students scored significantly higher than Developmental English students. Students who scored low on cultural literacy did poorly in freshman English.
Continued Validation of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale
Authors: Clavin Sherry L. , Clavin Raymond H , Gayton William F. , Broida John
Published: August 2011

Scores on the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale have been correlated with measures of obsessive-compulsive tendencies for women, so the validity of scores on this scale for 41 men was examined. Scores on the Perfectionism Scale were significantly correlated (.47–.03) with scores on the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory.
Differences in Apprehension about Communicating in the Classroom between Traditional and Nontraditional Students
Authors: Poppenga Janice Gayle , Prisbell Marshall
Published: August 2011

Reported differences between traditional ( n = 181) and nontraditional ( n = 142) college students on apprehension about communicating in the classroom were significant.
Memorial Representations as a Product of Feedback and Text Variants
Authors: Langer Philip , Keenan Verne , Wetzel Julie , Jacques-Griffin Juree , Chiszar David
Published: August 2011

This study examined the effects of feedback on several memorial representations of a text. Subjects were given either of two variant texts describing a mythical town. One version (route) describes the town as a driver might encounter it, while the other (survey) describes the town using spatial referents. Each version is 25 sentences long and is presented one sentence at a time to control the reading process. For each text version, after reading the text subjects were given 50 seconds to read the entire text in paragraph form (textual feedback) or see a map of the town (map feedback). They were then asked to recall as much of the text as possible and to verify the accuracy of inferential statements. The subjects then read the same version again. Following the reading subjects were given either the same or the alternate type of feedback. Recall and inferential reasoning protocols were obtained again. The recall protocols were scored for number of propositions, and the scores for accuracy of verification of estimated inferential reasoning using a d′ analysis. Recall yielded a doubling of propositions from the first to the second reading. Analysis yielded several findings: (1) a gain in d′ scores between trials, (2) a significant interaction between text version and trial, with the survey group showing a much larger gain than the route version, and (3) an interaction between version, type of feedback, and sequence, with readers of the survey version showing consistently better scores across all conditions. Data for the route version showed some interference between Trials 1 and 2. The results are described within the context of our memorial model of assisted comprehension.
Rules and Television Viewing
Authors: Griffore Robert J. , Phenice Lillian A.
Published: August 2011

Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were analyzed to examine whether amount of television viewing varied based on whether there were viewing rules. Analyses suggest differences in viewing based on presence or absence of rules on weekdays but not on weekend days.