bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image segmentation using Vision Transformer for tunnel defect assessment
Authors: Qin Shaojie , Qi Taiyue , Deng Tang , Huang Xiaodong
Published: February 2024

Existing tunnel detection methods include crack and water‐leakage segmentation networks. However, if the automated detection algorithm cannot process all defect cases, manual detection is required to eliminate potential risks. The existing intelligent detection methods lack a universal method that can accurately segment all types of defects, particularly when multiple defects are superimposed. To address this issue, a defect segmentation model is proposed based on Vision Transformer (ViT), which is completely different from the network structure of a convolutional neural network. The model proposes an adapter and a decoding head to improve the training effect of the transformer encoder, allowing it to be fitted to small‐scale datasets. In post‐processing, a method is proposed to quantify the threat level for the defects, with the aim of outputting qualitative results that simulate human observation. The model showed impressive results on a real‐world dataset containing 11,781 defect images collected from a real subway tunnel. The visualizing results proved that this method is effective and has uniform criteria for single, multiple, and comprehensive defects. Moreover, the tests proved that the proposed model has a significant advantage in the case of multiple‐defect superposition, and it achieved 93.77%, 88.36%, and 92.93% for mean accuracy (Acc), mean intersection over union, and mean F1‐score, respectively. With similar training parameters, the Acc of the proposed method is improved by more than 10% over the DeepLabv3+, Mask R‐convolutional neural network, and UPerNet‐R50 models and by more than 5% over the Swin Transformer and ViT‐Adapter. This study implemented a general method that can process all defect cases and output the threat evaluation results, thereby making more intelligent tunnel detection.
The galactose metabolism genes UGE1 and UGM1 are novel virulence factors of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola
Authors: Groß Maximilian , Dika Beate , Loos Elisabeth , Aliyeva‐Schnorr Lala , Deising Holger B.
Published: February 2024

Fungal cell walls represent the frontline contact with the host and play a prime role in pathogenesis. While the roles of the cell wall polymers like chitin and branched β‐glucan are well understood in vegetative and pathogenic development, that of the most prominent galactose‐containing polymers galactosaminogalactan and fungal‐type galactomannan is unknown in plant pathogenic fungi. Mining the genome of the maize pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola identified the single‐copy key galactose metabolism genes UGE1 and UGM1, encoding a UDP‐glucose‐4‐epimerase and UDP‐galactopyranose mutase, respectively. UGE1 is thought to be required for biosynthesis of both polymers, whereas UGM1 is specifically required for fungal‐type galactomannan formation. Promoter:eGFP fusion strains revealed that both genes are expressed in vegetative and in pathogenic hyphae at all stages of pathogenesis. Targeted deletion of UGE1 and UGM1, and fluorescence‐labeling of galactosaminogalactan and fungal‐type galactomannan confirmed that Δuge1 mutants were unable to synthesize either of these polymers, and Δugm1 mutants did not exhibit fungal‐type galactomannan. Appressoria of Δuge1, but not of Δugm1 mutants, were defective in adhesion, highlighting a function of galactosaminogalactan in the establishment of these infection cells on hydrophobic surfaces. Both Δuge1 and Δugm1 mutants showed cell wall defects in older vegetative hyphae and severely reduced appressorial penetration competence. On intact leaves of Zea mays, both mutants showed strongly reduced disease symptom severity, indicating that UGE1 and UGM1 represent novel virulence factors of C. graminicola.
Critical care nurse leaders addressing moral distress: A qualitative study
Authors: Miller Preston H. , Epstein Elizabeth G. , Smith Todd B. , Welch Teresa D. , Smith Miranda , Bail Jennifer R.
Published: February 2024

Background

Moral distress (MD) occurs when clinicians are constrained from taking what they believe to be ethically appropriate actions. When unattended, MD may result in moral injury and/or suffering. Literature surrounding how unit‐based critical care nurse leaders address MD in practice is limited.

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore how ICU nurse leaders recognize and address MD among their staff.

Study Design

Qualitative descriptive with inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Five ICU nurse leaders participated in a one‐time individual interview. Interview results suggest that (1) ICU nurse leaders can recognize and address MD among their staff and (2) nurse leaders experience MD themselves, which may be exacerbated by their leadership role and responsibilities.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to develop interventions aimed at addressing MD among nurse leaders and equipping nurse leaders with the skills to identify and address MD within their staff and themselves.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

MD is an unavoidable phenomenon ICU nurse leaders are challenged with addressing in their day‐to‐day practice. As leaders, recognizing and addressing MD is a necessary task relating to mitigating burnout and turnover and addressing well‐being among staff within the ICU.
Development and validation of an electronic version of Sydney Swallow Questionnaire
Authors: Huang Dazhong , Schar Mistyka , Wu Peter I. , Maclean Julia , Pandey Dheeraj , Cock Charles , Omari Taher , Szczesniak Michal M.
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims

Accurate assessment of patient‐reported oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) is essential to guide appropriate management and evaluate response. The Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ) is a paper‐based 17‐item inventory developed and validated to objectively detect risk of OPD. An easy‐to‐use electronic version with digital output has significant potential in streamlining patient assessment. This study aims to develop and validate an electronic version of the SSQ (eSSQ) against the original paper version.

Method

The English‐based paper SSQ was adapted on the online REDcap (Research Electronic Data Capture) platform to be accessible on computer and mobile devices. Patients with OPD and asymptomatic controls completed both electronic and paper versions in randomized order. Patients with stable symptoms then repeated the eSSQ after ≥14 days for test–retest reliability. Paper‐based and eSSQs were also collected from an independent cohort for external validation. Agreement of total scores between both versions and eSSQ test–retest reliability were calculated using two‐way mixed‐effects intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

47 dysphagic patients, 32 controls, and 31 patients from an external validation cohort were recruited. The most common underlying etiology was head and neck cancer. Mean eSSQ total score was 789 in dysphagic patients, and 68 in controls. eSSQ had excellent agreement with paper SSQ in total scores among all participants, with ICC 0.97 (95% CI [0.93, 0.98]) in controls, 0.97 (95% CI [0.94, 0.98]) in dysphagic patients and 0.96 (95% CI [0.92, 0.98]) in validation cohort. Test–retest reliability was also excellent (ICC 0.96, 95% CI [0.90, 0.98]).

Conclusion

The newly developed eSSQ shows excellent agreement with the paper version and test–retest reliability. Future applications of its use may allow for more efficient and accessible patient assessment.
Photobiomodulation alleviates Burning Mouth Syndrome pain: Immediate and weekly outcomes explored
Authors: Finfter Ori , Kizel Layla , Czerninski Rakefet , Heiliczer Shimrit , Sharav Yair , Cohen Rafael , Aframian Doron J. , Haviv Yaron
Published: February 2024

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is an intraoral chronic burning or dysesthetic sensation, without clinically evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation.

Aim

To assess immediate and weekly effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on BMS patients.

Methods

Thirty BMS patients were treated intra‐orally with photobiomodulation 940(±10) nm (InGaAsP) 3 W, semi‐conductor diode, weekly, for up to 10 weeks. Pain intensity, measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and characteristics were recorded immidiately after each treatment, along with a weekly average VAS.

Results

Immediate mean VAS score decreased from a starting score of 7.80 ± 1.83 to 2.07 ± 2.55 (p < 0.001). The mean weekly VAS score for the week after the final treatment session was higher (5.73 ± 2.80, p < 0.001) than the immediate response, but still significantly lower than the starting score (p = 0.017). We observed a trend of pain improvement with more treatments, but this was only statistically significant up to the third treatment. Male gender and unilateral pain correlated with better PBM efficacy (p = 0.017, 0.022, respectively).

Conclusion

PBM provides significant immediate pain relief for BMS patients after each treatment; however, the efficacy decreases notably over the following week. A trend of increasing pain relief across treatments was observed, statistically significant up to the third treatment.
Efficacy of adjunctive modalities during tooth extraction for the prevention of osteoradionecrosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Quah Bernadette , Yong Chee Weng , Lai Clement Wei Ming , Islam Intekhab
Published: February 2024

Background

Jaw osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a complication in patients with previous head and neck radiotherapy. Its incidence increases with dental extractions. Hence, this review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive treatment modalities undertaken at the time of extraction in previous head and neck radiotherapy patients in preventing ORN.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted, where studies with data on ORN incidence after extraction with or without adjunctive interventions were included. Meta‐analyses were conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of ORN per intervention and the pooled odds ratio for incidence of ORN between interventions.

Results

In total, 1520 patients in 29 studies were included. Interventions identified were hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), pentoxifylline‐tocopherol (PENTO), antibiotics (ABX), platelet‐rich fibrin and photobiomodulation. The pooled prevalence of ORN for HBO (4.6%), PENTO (3.4%) and ABX (3.8%) was significantly lower than the Control (17.6%). For studies with direct comparisons between groups, HBO had lower but not significant odds of developing ORN than the Control (OR 0.27) and ABX (OR 0.57).

Conclusions

HBO, PENTO and ABX may reduce the incidence of ORN compared to no intervention. Given that all three have similar incidences of ORN, ABX may be the most cost‐effective and accessible adjunctive modality.
Dermatitis versus nonaccidental trauma: A systematic review of initial pediatric misdiagnoses
Authors: King Aliyah , Pope Elena
Published: February 2024

Background/Objectives

Pediatric dermatitis and nonaccidental trauma (NAT) may have overlapping cutaneous presentations, posing a risk of misdiagnosis and subsequent emotional distress and further harm. Through a systematic literature review, we reviewed pediatric (<18 years old) patients investigated for both dermatitis and NAT.

Methods

EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched. English publications with original data involving pediatric patients investigated for both dermatitis and NAT were included. Nonhuman studies and incomplete articles/conference abstracts were excluded. Data extracted included the first author, year of publication, study design, participant count, sex of the population, age of the population, cutaneous presentation, timing of presentation, Child Protective Services involvement, and case relation to dermatitis and NAT.

Results

This review included 21 case reports or series encompassing 29 patients. Among 26 patients initially investigated as NAT (26.9% involving Child Protective Services), final diagnoses included irritant contact dermatitis (53.8%), phytophotodermatitis (30.8%), allergic contact dermatitis (7.7%), perianal infectious dermatitis (3.8%), and atopic dermatitis (3.8%). Three patients initially diagnosed with nontraumatic dermatitis were later found to be victims of physical (2/3; 66.7%) or sexual abuse (1/3; 33.3%).

Conclusions

Effective history‐taking and physical examinations should encompass a history of laxative use, contact with furocoumarin‐containing plants/fruit, parallel family/peer cutaneous presentations, caregiver involvement, financial burden, patient discomfort, birthmark assessment, and lesions aligning with diaper borders or toilet seats. Limitations of this review include potential underreporting and the inclusion of low‐quality study designs and evidence.
Evaluation of the in vitro human skin percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen in topical anhydrous and aqueous gels
Authors: Ip Kendice , Song Guiyun , Banov Daniel , Bassani August S. , Liu Yi , Song Hui , Valdez Benigno C.
Published: February 2024

Background

Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug used for the treatment of acute and chronic pain associated with inflammatory conditions. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen 10% formulated in proprietary anhydrous and aqueous gels using the Franz skin finite dose model.

Materials and Methods

The anhydrous gel was initially characterized for cytotoxicity using EpiDerm skin tissue model by cell proliferation assay and Western blot analysis. The Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography method for measuring ketoprofen was validated and the stability of ketoprofen 10% in the anhydrous gel formulation was evaluated at 5°C and 25°C for 181 days. The percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen was determined using donated human skin. The tissue sections were mounted within Franz diffusion cells. A variable finite dose of each ketoprofen formulation in either anhydrous or aqueous gel was applied to the skin sections and receptor solutions were collected at various time points.

Results

Cell proliferation assay showed minimal cell death when EpiDerm skin tissue was exposed to the anhydrous gel for 24 h; the levels of protein markers of cell proliferation were not affected after 17‐h exposure. Ketoprofen was stable in the anhydrous gel when stored at 5°C and 25°C. When compounded in the anhydrous and aqueous gels, ketoprofen had mean flux rate of 2.22 and 2.50 μg/cm2/h, respectively, after 48 h. The drug was distributed to the epidermis and dermis sections of the skin. Both the anhydrous and aqueous gels facilitated the percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen without statistically significant differences.

Conclusion

The anhydrous gel can be used as a base to facilitate the transdermal delivery of ketoprofen. Although the anhydrous and aqueous gels can deliver a similar amount of ketoprofen, the anhydrous gel (water activity below 0.6) allows for extended default beyond‐use‐date of compounding preparations.
Classification of posttransfusion adverse events using a publicly available artificial intelligence system
Authors: Fung Mark K. , AuBuchon James P. , Stephens Laura D.
Published: February 2024

Background

Correct classification of transfusion reactions is important not only for effective patient care and donor management but also for accurate tracking of events in hemovigilance systems. We compared the ability of a generative artificial intelligence (AI) system to correctly diagnose hypothetical clinical situations as transfusion reactions in comparison to previous studies reporting the accuracy of transfusion medicine (TM) specialists in assessing these cases.

Methods

An AI system was requested to assess 36 case scenarios to provide a diagnosis, severity, and imputability of the transfusion reactions using the CDC National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) criteria. Responses were compared to an expert panel's classifications and to the published responses of a panel of TM specialists. Additionally, the AI's responses were compared to the TM specialists' prior attempts to use the TrDDx web‐based algorithm for the five most challenging cases.

Results

The AI's classification accuracy varied widely depending on the NHSN category. The AI accurately classified all transfusion‐associated circulatory overload and transfusion‐related acute lung injury cases, exceeding TM specialists' assessments. Conversely, it did not correctly identify any cases in select NHSN categories such as DSTR. Overall accuracy among all diagnostic categories was 48.7% for AI responses versus 72.1% for prior TM specialist responses (p = 0.005). AI‐generated responses included non‐standard terminology, limited severity assessments, and no imputability determinations.

Discussion

A generative AI system may have a role in helping healthcare providers to consider transfusion reaction categories that might be missed, but caution is advised in applying the AI's output to transfusion reaction classification at present.
Functional effects of an African glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) polymorphism (Val68Met) on red blood cell hemolytic propensity and post‐transfusion recovery
Authors: Wang Ling , Rochon Elizabeth R. , Gingras Sebastien , Zuchelkowski Benjamin E. , Sinchar Derek J. , Alipour Elimira , Reisz Julie A. , Yang Minying , Page Grier P. , Kanias Tamir , Triulzi Darrell J. , Lee Janet S. , Kim‐Shapiro Daniel B. , D'Alessandro Angelo , Gladwin Mark T.
Published: February 2024

Background

Donor genetic variation is associated with red blood cell (RBC) storage integrity and post‐transfusion recovery. Our previous large‐scale genome‐wide association study demonstrated that the African G6PD deficient A‐ variant (rs1050828, Val68Met) is associated with higher oxidative hemolysis after cold storage. Despite a high prevalence of X‐linked G6PD mutation in African American population (>10%), blood donors are not routinely screened for G6PD status and its importance in transfusion medicine is relatively understudied.

Study Design and Methods

To further evaluate the functional effects of the G6PD A‐ mutation, we created a novel mouse model carrying this genetic variant using CRISPR‐Cas9. We hypothesize that this humanized G6PD A‐ variant is associated with reduced G6PD activity with a consequent effect on RBC hemolytic propensity and post‐transfusion recovery.

Results

G6PD A‐ RBCs had reduced G6PD protein with ~5% residual enzymatic activity. Significantly increased in vitro hemolysis induced by oxidative stressors was observed in fresh and stored G6PD A‐ RBCs, along with a lower GSH:GSSG ratio. However, no differences were observed in storage hemolysis, osmotic fragility, mechanical fragility, reticulocytes, and post‐transfusion recovery. Interestingly, a 14% reduction of 24‐h survival following irradiation was observed in G6PD A‐ RBCs compared to WT RBCs. Metabolomic assessment of stored G6PD A‐ RBCs revealed an impaired pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) with increased glycolytic flux, decreasing cellular antioxidant capacity.

Discussion

This novel mouse model of the common G6PD A‐ variant has impaired antioxidant capacity like humans and low G6PD activity may reduce survival of transfused RBCs when irradiation is performed.
Autoantibody profiles in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations: A possible cause of mistaken autoimmunity diagnosis
Authors: Miyamoto Tatsuki , Fukunaga Yuki , Ogasawara Atsushi , Munakata Ai , Murai Katsushi
Published: February 2024

Background

Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIgs) derived from the pooled plasma of thousands of donors contain numerous types of IgG molecules, including autoantibodies commonly used to diagnose autoimmunity. While these autoantibodies can cause misinterpretation of serological tests for IVIg recipients, their profiles in IVIg preparations are not fully understood.

Study Design and Methods

Using binding‐capability based immune assays, we measured 18 varieties of clinically relevant autoantibodies in domestic blood donor‐derived IVIg products. In addition, we analyzed an IVIg product from a US brand to evaluate the influence of regional and racial differences. Based on the determined autoantibody titers, pharmacokinetics of passively acquired autoantibodies and their possible detection period in serum were estimated.

Results

Anti‐thyroglobulin (Tg), anti‐thyroidperoxidase (TPO), and anti‐Sjögren's‐syndrome‐related antigen A (SS‐A) antibodies were present in considerable amounts in IVIg products. Notably, these three autoantibodies can be detected in IVIg recipients' sera for up to 3 months after infusion.

Discussion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that analyzed multiple autoantibody profiles in both pooled plasma and IVIg products and that further evaluated their potential influences on diagnosis of autoimmunity. Clinicians should keep in mind that IVIgs contain several autoantibodies and that their infusion can produce false‐positive serology results. To establish an accurate diagnosis, serological tests must be carefully interpreted and clinical symptoms should be more purposefully considered if patients are receiving IVIg therapy.
Blood donation and migraine relief: A national population cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Davidsson Olafur B. , Rostgaard Klaus , Chalmer Mona A. , Kogelman Lisette J. A. , Aagaard Bitten , Brodersen Thorsten , Bruun Mie Topholm , Mikkelsen Christina , Mikkelsen Susan , Nyegaard Mette , Pedersen Ole Birger , Ullum Henrik , Sørensen Erik , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Erikstrup Christian , Hansen Thomas Folkmann , Hjalgrim Henrik
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Migraine is a prevalent neurological headache disorder. Due to challenges associated with finding effective treatment, many individuals with migraine feel compelled to explore alternative treatment strategies, such as blood donation, hypothesized to provide migraine relief.

Methods

Through logistic, Poisson, and Cox regression methods, we examined the links between migraine and blood donation activities in two population cohorts: Danish blood donors in the Scandinavian Donations and Transfusions Database (SCANDAT‐DK, N >1 million) and the Danish Blood Donor Study (N ~ 100,000).

Results

SCANDAT‐DK analyses showed no link between migraine and the propensity to become a blood donor among males (odds ratio [OR]Males = 0.95 [95% Confidence Interval: 0.86–1.04], and a reduced propensity among females ORFemales = 0.88 [0.83–0.93]). The incidence of migraine was not reduced upon blood donation (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]Males = 0.94 [0.83–1.06]; SIRFemales = 1.04 [0.99–1.10]). Donors with migraine demonstrated longer intervals between donations (hazard ratio [HR]Males = 0.87 [0.85–0.91], HRFemales = 0.80 [0.78–0.82]), and an increased risk of donor lapse (ORMales = 1.23 [1.14–1.32]; ORFemales = 1.28 [1.22–1.33]). Results were corroborated in DBDS using self‐reported migraine. Genetic predisposition to migraine associated with longer intervals in females (HRFemales = 0.98 [0.97–0.99]), but not in males.

Discussion

Our findings do not support the hypothesis that blood donation serves as a viable treatment strategy among migraine patients. Future prospective investigations may help to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms by which blood donation may influence migraine pathology.
Does offshoring raise female employment in a developing country? Evidence from Indonesian manufacturing plants
Authors: Im Hyejoon , Saito Hisamitsu
Published: February 2024

We investigate the effects of offshoring on female employment in a developing country as a recipient. We utilise unique data on outsourcing revenues from Indonesia's manufacturing plants. After correcting for offshoring's endogeneity through an instrument variable, we find substantial positive effects on the share of female workers, primarily driven by the increase in female workers without adversely affecting male employment. These positive effects are evident in production occupations but not in non‐production ones. Furthermore, these effects are more pronounced in industries with a sizeable low‐educated workforce, low‐technology sectors or light industries. Finally, we find that international outsourcing, rather than domestic outsourcing, is the key factor for female employment.
Outcomes of 11 dogs with short radius syndrome treated with acute arthroscopically assisted ulnar shortening
Authors: von Pfeil Dirsko J. F. , Schulz Kurt , Chou Po‐Yen , Kapatkin Amy S. , Kim Sun Young , Ash Kristian , Zheng Junxian , Hayashi Kei
Published: February 2024

Objective

To describe the short‐term outcome of acute arthroscopically assisted ulnar shortening (AUS), to treat short radius syndrome in dogs.

Study design

Case series.

Animals

Eleven client owned dogs.

Methods

Records of dogs that had undergone AUS for treatment of short radius syndrome were reviewed for inclusion. Reporting data included among others pre‐ and postoperative radioulnar, humeroradial and humeroulnar distances, lameness scores, surgical times, complications and clinical outcome.

Results

Following AUS, radiohumeral articulation was improved in all dogs. Median presurgery radioulnar, humeroradial and humeroulnar values were 4.5, 3.2, and 2.2 mm and were improved with surgery by a median of 3.2, 1.8, and 1.2 mm, respectively. Median surgery time was 140 min. Median time to bone healing was 8 weeks (range: 4–14). Median time to last follow‐up was 9 weeks (4–468). Median lameness score (scale 0–4) improved from 2 to 1. No major complications were reported. Short‐term clinical outcome was graded by the surgeons as full function in four cases and acceptable function in seven.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

Radiographic and arthroscopic radiohumeral articulation were improved and short‐term clinical improvement was documented following AUS in all 11 dogs.
Dialogism: An L2 Preschooler’s Otherness, Voices, and Answerability
Authors: Choi Youngae
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate otherness, voices, and answerability of an L2 preschooler using Bakhtin’s dialogism. This approach allows for a deeper understanding of how young children are becoming the self and authoring voices in relation to others. Despite its significance, insufficient research has been conducted in the field. This case study explored a preschooler’s heteroglossia of voices and varied answerability based on his consciousness and otherness. The analysis focused on language use, including embodied language acts, actions, and emotional-volitional tone and intonation, in “a contact zone” (Bakhtin, 1981, p. 345) where interlocutors create a dialogical conversation. The results highlighted the preschooler’s unique participation in being (Bakhtin, 1993) and “endless becomings” (Morson, 2004, p. 331) by creatively interacting with others in his preschool classroom.
Maximum principles and consequences for γ$\gamma$‐translators in Rn+1${\mathbb {R}}^{n+1}$
Authors: Torres Santaella José
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we obtain several properties of translating solitons for a general class of extrinsic geometric curvature flow, where the deformation speed is given by a homogeneous smooth symmetric positive function defined in a symmetric open cone. The main result of this paper is about the uniqueness of ‐translators in the class of complete graphs defined on a ball.
Teletrabajo y cinismo. La función moderadora de la creatividad
Authors: Santiago Torner Carlos
Published: February 2024

Una exposición ininterrumpida a altas demandas laborales puede derivar en un estrés permanente que deteriore las relaciones interpersonales. Por eso, esta investigación tiene como objetivo valorar si el teletrabajo y su intensidad conducen a respuestas de desconexión personal (cinismo) utilizando a la creatividad como variable moderadora. El teletrabajo y su intensidad atenúan la despersonalización a través de aspectos críticos como el apoyo social percibido, la sensación de autonomía, la igualdad de género y la reducción del conflicto trabajo-familia. Sin embargo, el teletrabajo, cuando necesita respuestas creativas constantes y no gestiona adecuadamente los recursos del empleado favorece un tipo de estrés crónico que deriva en fracturas emocionales. La racionalización del puesto de trabajo es un factor decisivo en el bienestar laboral.
Feasibility of extracting cancer stage and metastasis codes from health insurance claims of outpatients and expressibility in ICD-11: a cross-sectional study using national health insurance data from South Korea
Authors: Park Young-Taek , Han Dongwoon , Kim Kyoung-Hoon , Kim Hoguen , Yoon Hojung Joseph , Lane Chris , Kim Byeo-Ri , Jeong Joo-Yeon
Published: February 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of health insurance claims recording the cancer stage and TNM codes representing tumor extension size (T), lymph node metastasis (N), and distant metastasis (M) for patients diagnosed with cancer and to determine whether this extracted data could be applied to the new ICD-11 codes.

Design

A cross-sectional study design was used, with the units of analysis as individual outpatients. Two dependent variables were extraction feasibility of cancer stage and TNM metastasis information from each claim. Expressibility of the two variables in ICD-11 was descriptively analysed.

Setting and participants

The study was conducted in South Korea and study participants were outpatients: lung cancer (LC) (46616), stomach cancer (SC) (50103) and colorectal cancer (CC) (54707). The data set consisted of the first health insurance claim of each patient visiting a hospital from 1 July to 31 December 2021.

Results

The absolute extraction success rates for cancer stage based on claims with cancer stage was 33.3%. The rates for stage for LC, SC and CC were 30.1%, 35.5% and 34.0%, respectively. The rate for TNM was 11.0%. The relative extraction success rates for stage compared with that for CC (the reference group) were lower for patients with LC (adjusted OR (aOR), 0.803; 95% CI 0.782 to 0.825; p<0.0001) but higher for SC (aOR 1.073; 95% CI 1.046 to 1.101; p<0.0001). The rates of TNM compared that for CC were 40.7% lower for LC (aOR, 0.593; 95% CI 0.569 to 0.617; p<0.0001) and 43.0% lower for SC (aOR 0.570; 95% CI 0.548 to 0.593; p<0.0001). There were limits to expressibility in ICD-11 regarding the detailed cancer stage and TNM metastasis codes.

Conclusion

Extracting cancer stage and TNM codes from health insurance claims were feasible, but expressibility in ICD-11 codes was limited. WHO may need to create specific cancer stage and TNM extension codes for ICD-11 due to the absence of current rules in ICD-11.
Parents’ acceptance attitudes towards the vaccination of children based on M-LSGDM approach in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cheng Linan , Kong Jianhui , Xie Xiaofeng , Zhang Li , Zhang Fengying
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Ensuring that children receive timely vaccinations is paramount for preventing infectious diseases, and parental attitude plays a pivotal role in this process. This study addresses this gap in the existing literature by examining parental attitudes towards vaccinating their children.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Methods

An online survey including parents’ sociodemographic characteristics, risk perception and attitudes towards child vaccination towards COVID-19 was conducted. The modified large-scale group decision-making approach for practicality and binary logistic regression was used to identify the predictors influencing parents’ decision-making.

Results

Of the 1292 parents participated, 957 (74.1%) were willing to vaccinate their children, while 335 (25.9%) refused the vaccination. The study indicated that age, parental anxiety regarding child vaccination, concerns about the child’s susceptibility to the disease, opinions towards vaccination benefits versus disadvantages, place of residence, average family income and children’s health were significant predictors (p<0.05).

Conclusions

While most parents supported childhood vaccination, some opposed it. Addressing persistent barriers is crucial to ensure widespread vaccination and child well-being.
Voice disorder recognition using machine learning: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gupta Rijul , Gunjawate Dhanshree R , Nguyen Duy Duong , Jin Craig , Madill Catherine
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Over the past decade, several machine learning (ML) algorithms have been investigated to assess their efficacy in detecting voice disorders. Literature indicates that ML algorithms can detect voice disorders with high accuracy. This suggests that ML has the potential to assist clinicians in the analysis and treatment outcome evaluation of voice disorders. However, despite numerous research studies, none of the algorithms have been sufficiently reliable to be used in clinical settings. Through this review, we aim to identify critical issues that have inhibited the use of ML algorithms in clinical settings by identifying standard audio tasks, acoustic features, processing algorithms and environmental factors that affect the efficacy of those algorithms.

Methods

We will search the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Compendex, CINAHL, Medline, IEEE Explore and Embase. Our search strategy has been developed with the assistance of the university library staff to accommodate the different syntactical requirements. The literature search will include the period between 2013 and 2023, and will be confined to articles published in English. We will exclude editorials, ongoing studies and working papers. The selection, extraction and analysis of the search data will be conducted using the ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews’ system. The same system will also be used for the synthesis of the results.

Ethics and dissemination

This scoping review does not require ethics approval as the review solely consists of peer-reviewed publications. The findings will be presented in peer-reviewed publications related to voice pathology.
Pragmatic phase II clinical trial to improve depression care in a real-world diverse MS cohort from an academic MS centre in Northern California: MS CATCH study protocol
Authors: Henderson Kyra , Reihm Jennifer , Koshal Kanishka , Wijangco Jaeleene , Miller Nicolette , Sara Narender , Doyle Marianne , Mallory Alicia , Sheridan Judith , Guo Chu-Yueh , Oommen Lauren , Feinstein Anthony , Mangurian Christina , Lazar Ann , Bove Riley
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Depression occurs in over 50% of individuals living with multiple sclerosis (MS) and can be treated using many modalities. Yet, it remains: under-reported by patients, under-ascertained by clinicians and under-treated. To enhance these three behaviours likely to promote evidence-based depression care, we engaged multiple stakeholders to iteratively design a first-in-kind digital health tool. The tool, MS CATCH (Care technology to Ascertain, Treat, and engage the Community to Heal depression in patients with MS), closes the communication loop between patients and clinicians. Between clinical visits, the tool queries patients monthly about mood symptoms, supports patient self-management and alerts clinicians to worsening mood via their electronic health record in-basket. Clinicians can also access an MS CATCH dashboard displaying patients’ mood scores over the course of their disease, and providing comprehensive management tools (contributing factors, antidepressant pathway, resources in patient’s neighbourhood). The goal of the current trial is to evaluate the clinical effect and usability of MS CATCH in a real-world clinical setting.

Methods and analysis

MS CATCH is a single-site, phase II randomised, delayed start, trial enrolling 125 adults with MS and mild to moderately severe depression. Arm 1 will receive MS CATCH for 12 months, and arm 2 will receive usual care for 6 months, then MS CATCH for 6 months. Clinicians will be randomised to avoid practice effects. The effectiveness analysis is superiority intent-to-treat comparing MS CATCH to usual care over 6 months (primary outcome: evidence of screening and treatment; secondary outcome: Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Depression scores). The usability of the intervention will also be evaluated (primary outcome: adoption; secondary outcomes: adherence, engagement, satisfaction).

Ethics and dissemination

University of California, San Francisco Institutional Review Board (22-36620). The findings of the study are planned to be shared through conferences and publishments in a peer-reviewed journal. The deidentified dataset will be shared with qualified collaborators on request, provision of CITI and other certifications, and data sharing agreement. We will share the results, once the data are complete and analysed, with the scientific community and patient/clinician participants through abstracts, presentations and manuscripts.

Trial registration number

NCT05865405.
Cardiac rehabilitation for children and young people (CardioActive): protocol for a single-blind randomised feasibility and acceptability study of a centre-based cardiac rehabilitation programme versus usual care in 11–16 years with heart conditions
Authors: Capobianco Lora , Hann Mark , McManus Emma , Peters Sarah , Doherty Patrick Joseph , Ciotti Giovanna , Murray Joanne , Wells Adrian
Published: February 2024

Background

Congenital heart conditions are among the most common non-communicable diseases in children and young people (CYP), affecting 13.9 million CYP globally. While survival rates are increasing, support for young people adjusting to life with a heart condition is lacking. Furthermore, one in three CYP with heart conditions also experiences anxiety, depression or adjustment disorder, for which little support is offered. While adults are offered cardiac rehabilitation (CR) to support their mental and physical health, this is not offered for CYP.

One way to overcome this is to evaluate a CR programme comprising exercise with mental health support (CardioActive; CA) for CYP with heart conditions. The exercise and mental health components are informed by the metacognitive model, which has been shown to be effective in treating anxiety and depression in CYP and associated with improving psychological outcomes in adult CR.

Method and analysis

The study is a single-blind parallel randomised feasibility trial comparing a CR programme (CA) plus usual care against usual care alone with 100 CYP (50 per arm) aged 11–16 diagnosed with a heart condition. CA will include six group exercise, lifestyle and mental health modules. Usual care consists of routine outpatient management. Participants will be assessed at three time points: baseline, 3-month (post-treatment) and 6-month follow-up. Primary outcomes are feasibility and acceptability (ie, referral rates, recruitment and retention rates, attendance at the intervention, rate of return and level of completion of follow-up data). Coprimary symptom outcomes (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and Paediatric Quality of Life) and a range of secondary outcomes will be administered at each time point. A nested qualitative study will investigate CYP, parents and healthcare staff views of CR and its components, and staff’s experience of delivering CA. Preliminary health economic data will be collected to inform future cost-effectiveness analyses. Descriptive data on study processes and clinical outcomes will be reported. Data analysis will follow intention to treat. Qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis and the theoretical framework of acceptability.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was granted on 14 February 2023 by the Greater Manchester East Research Ethics Committee (22/NW/0367). The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and local dissemination.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN50031147;NCT05968521.
Effects of immersive virtual reality for alleviating anxiety, nausea and vomiting among patients with paediatric cancer receiving their first chemotherapy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wong Cho Lee , Li Huiyuan , Li Chi Kong , Chan Carmen Wing Han , Cheung Yin Ting , Choi Kai Chow , So Winnie Kwok Wei
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Anxiety, nausea and vomiting are common side effects suffered by paediatric patients receiving chemotherapy. Emerging evidence supports the efficacy of immersive virtual reality (IVR) on improving anxiety and distress symptoms including nausea and vomiting in this vulnerable group. This trial aims to evaluate the effects of IVR intervention on anxiety, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and anticipatory nausea and vomiting in patients with paediatric cancer receiving first chemotherapy.

Method and analysis

An assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial with a mixed methods evaluation approach. On the basis of our pilot results, 128 chemotherapy-naive patients with paediatric cancer scheduled to receive their first intravenous chemotherapy will be recruited from a public hospital and randomly allocated to intervention (n=64) or control groups (n=64). The intervention group will receive the IVR intervention for three sessions: 2 hours before the first chemotherapy, 5 min before and during their first chemotherapy and 5 min before and during their second chemotherapy, respectively. The control group will receive standard care only. A subsample of 30 participants in the intervention group will be invited for a qualitative interview. Study instruments are: (1) short form of the Chinese version of the State Anxiety Scale for Children, (2) visual analogue scale for anticipatory nausea and vomiting, (3) Chinese version of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer Antiemesis Tool and (4) individual face-to-face semistructured interviews to explore intervention participants’ perceptions of the IVR intervention.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Hong Kong Children’s Hospital Research Ethics Committee (HKCH-REC-2021-009). The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and through local or interventional conference presentations.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2100048732.
First demonstration of 30 eVee ionization energy resolution with Ricochet germanium cryogenic bolometers
Authors:   Ricochet Collaboration, Augier C. , Baulieu G. , Belov V. , Bergé L. , Billard J. , Bres G. , Bret J. -. L. , Broniatowski A. , Calvo M. , Cazes A. , Chaize D. , Chala M. , Chapellier M. , Chaplinsky L. , Chemin G. , Chen R. , Colas J. , Cudmore E. , De Jesus M. , de Marcillac P. , Dumoulin L. , Exshaw O. , Ferriol S. , Figueroa-Feliciano E. , Filippini J.-B. , Formaggio J. A. , Fuard S. , Gascon J. , Giuliani A. , Goupy J. , Goy C. , Guerin C. , Guy E. , Harrington P. , Hertel S. A. , Heusch M. , Hong Z. , Ianigro J.-C. , Jin Y. , Juillard A. , Karaivanov D. , Kazarcev S. , Lamblin J. , Lattaud H. , Li M. , Lubashevskiy A. , Marnieros S. , Martini N. , Mayer D. W. , Minet J. , Monfardini A. , Mounier F. , Novati V. , Olivieri E. , Oriol C. , Mateo L. Ovalle , Patel P. K. , Perbet E. , Pinckney H. D. , Poda D. V. , Ponomarev D. , Rarbi F. , Real J.-S. , Redon T. , Reyes F. C. , Robert A. , Rozov S. , Rozova I. , Scorza S. , Schmidt B. , Shevchik Ye. , Soldner T. , Stachurska J. , Stutz A. , Vagneron L. , Van De Pontseele W. , Vezzu F. , Winslow L. , Yakushev E. , Zinatulina D.
Published: February 2024

The future Ricochet experiment aims to search for new physics in the electroweak sector by measuring the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering process from reactor antineutrinos with high precision down to the sub-100 eV nuclear recoil energy range. While the Ricochet collaboration is currently building the experimental setup at the reactor site, it is also finalizing the cryogenic detector arrays that will be integrated into the cryostat at the Institut Laue Langevin in early 2024. In this paper, we report on recent progress from the Ge cryogenic detector technology, called the CryoCube. More specifically, we present the first demonstration of a 30 eVee (electron equivalent) baseline ionization resolution (RMS) achieved with an early design of the detector assembly and its dedicated High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) based front-end electronics with a total input capacitance of about 40 pF. This represents an order of magnitude improvement over the best ionization resolutions obtained on similar phonon-and-ionization germanium cryogenic detectors from the EDELWEISS and SuperCDMS dark matter experiments, and a factor of three improvement compared to the first fully-cryogenic HEMT-based preamplifier coupled to a CDMS-II germanium detector with a total input capacitance of 250 pF. Additionally, we discuss the implications of these results in the context of the future Ricochet experiment and its expected background mitigation performance.
Health Data Visualization Literacy Skills of Young Adults with Down Syndrome and the Barriers to Inference-making
Authors: Wood Rachel , Feng Jinjuan Heidi , Lazar Jonathan
Published: February 2024

As health management becomes more intertwined with data, an individual’s ability to read, interpret, and engage with personal health information in data visualizations is increasingly critical to one’s quality of care. People with Down Syndrome already experience greater health disparities than their typically developing peers. Inaccessible health information and technologies have the potential to magnify inequities further. Inaccessible health data can be an additional barrier to people with Down Syndrome’s ability to adopt and use health systems or devices, make informed decisions about their bodies, and advocate for themselves in health contexts. By examining their underlying data visualization literacy skills, our exploratory study involving ten young adults with Down Syndrome identifies several design opportunities to improve the accessibility of health data visualizations (HDVs) by addressing the cascade of negative effects caused by inference-making barriers in HDVs.
Sharing Queries with Nonequivalent User-defined Aggregate Functions
Authors: Zhang Chao , Farouk Toumani
Published: February 2024

This article presents Sharing User-Defined Aggregate Function (SUDAF), a declarative framework that allows users to write User-defined Aggregate Functions (UDAFs) as mathematical expressions and use them in Structured Query Language statements.
SUDAF
rewrites partial aggregates of UDAFs using built-in aggregate functions and supports efficient dynamic caching and reusing of partial aggregates. Our experiments show that rewriting UDAFs using built-in functions can significantly speed up queries with UDAFs, and the proposed sharing approach can yield up to two orders of magnitude improvement in query execution time. The article studies also an extension of
SUDAF
to support sharing partial results between arbitrary queries with UDAFs. We show a connection with the problem of query rewriting using views and introduce a new class of rewritings, called
SUDAF
rewritings, which enables to use views that have aggregate functions different from the ones used in the input query. We investigate the underlying rewriting-checking and rewriting-existing problem. Our main technical result is a reduction of these problems to, respectively, rewriting-checking and rewriting-existing of the so-called
aggregate candidates
, a class of rewritings that has been deeply investigated in the literature.