bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Prediction of Corrosion Damage of Steel Structures in the Vicinity of Roads
Authors: Kubzova Monika , Krivy Vit , Kreislova Katerina
Published: November 2020

The design, construction, and maintenance of steel structures must be carried out in a way that ensures they will be able to reliably operate for the whole duration of their planned service life. To ensure sufficient durability, it is necessary to determine and evaluate the characteristics of the appropriate environment in which the structure will be placed. This submission focuses on the specific environment surrounding roads that are treated with de-icing salts during winter maintenance. It investigates the dependency between corrosive damage to the structure and the relevant parameters of the environment. Basic corrosive factors include temperature, relative humidity, deposition of chlorides and sulfur dioxide, precipitation, the pH of precipitation as well as many other parameters. An accurate estimate of corrosive damage requires an analysis of the long-term trends in concentrations of individual corrosive factors, while respecting their randomly varying attributes. The article, hence, introduces and evaluates stochastic prediction models that are based on long-term programs focusing on the evaluation of the corrosive aggressiveness of the environment, while taking into account random variations of the nature of the input parameters. The use of stochastic prediction models allows us to perform sensitivity analysis that can determine the impact of specific corrosive factors on the corrosive damage caused to the structure. The article is supplemented by sensitivity analysis focusing on an evaluation from the effects of the deposition of chlorides on the corrosive damage to steel bridge structures. The analysis was carried out using data obtained from experimental measurements of the deposition rates of chlorides in the vicinity of roads in the Czech Republic.
Measuring and Monitoring Sustainability in Listed European Football Clubs: A Value-Added Reporting Perspective
Authors: Faccia Alessio , Mataruna-Dos-Santos Leonardo José , Munoz Helù Hussein , Range Daniel
Published: November 2020

All sports have their roots and connection in some way to the Olympic spirit, and therefore fall within the vision and mission of the Olympic Committee, which has a central aim of “building a better world”. This is a fundamental value of the Olympics and sustainability is a “working principle” of this. This research analyses the performance of professional European football teams that are publicly listed on stock markets, analysing their income statements and factoring in how the value-added perspective is impacting professional sport. The methodology we use considers the sustainable contribution of the distribution of added value. The Value-Added Statement is considered as a part of broader Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which can be traced back as a concept to the late 1970s. It is still in widespread use and is regarded as being both a credible and a tested measure. In this paper, the authors apply a slightly modified and simplified version of this value-added approach to all publicly listed European football clubs and use these as a proxy for wider professional sport. This research demonstrates that, although most professional sports clubs are profit-oriented, the distribution of wealth generated by the added value is unbalanced. In most cases, at least in financial terms, the data shows shareholders are the most disadvantaged, whereas athletes are the most rewarded.
Educator Competences in Sustainability Education: A Systematic Review of Frameworks
Authors: Corres Andrea , Rieckmann Marco , Espasa Anna , Ruiz-Mallén Isabel
Published: November 2020

The design and use of competence frameworks and models for educators in Sustainability 3iEducation is a growing field of study that seeks to guide their professional development while identifying, examining, and assessing the competences they need. In this article we conduct a systematic review of the frameworks and models of sustainability competences addressed to teachers and other educators to shed light on (a) the backgrounds of the analyzed frameworks, (b) the conceptual and pedagogical approaches towards sustainability and competences behind them, (c) the different types of educators’ competences included and particularly those addressed to promote transformational perspectives, and (d) the pedagogical strategies applied to develop them. We analyzed 14 papers out of an initial sample of 437. Findings show that all are developed in Europe. Most of them rely on the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) framework and its guiding approach of Education for Sustainable Development. A few others critically approach sustainability and recognize its contradictions even though they subscribe within this broad sustainability approach. The most common competences are Critical Thinking, Participation in Community, and Connections, which have been identified as those that educators need to face current sustainability challenges from a critical and transformative perspective. However, other competences significantly associated with transformational education such as Emotions Management, Futures and Achieving Transformation are less addressed and receive less attention in terms of the pedagogical strategies needed to promote them. We discuss how the different ways of understanding and operationalizing sustainability and competences behind these frameworks can shape educators’ transformational capacities in Sustainability Education. Further research should address the identified challenges and provide educators with practical and suitable tools for transformative education.
Effect of Axial Porosities on Flexomagnetic Response of In-Plane Compressed Piezomagnetic Nanobeams
Authors: Malikan Mohammad , Eremeyev Victor , Żur Krzysztof
Published: November 2020

We investigated the stability of an axially loaded Euler–Bernoulli porous nanobeam considering the flexomagnetic material properties. The flexomagneticity relates to the magnetization with strain gradients. Here we assume both piezomagnetic and flexomagnetic phenomena are coupled simultaneously with elastic relations in an inverse magnetization. Similar to flexoelectricity, the flexomagneticity is a size-dependent property. Therefore, its effect is more pronounced at small scales. We merge the stability equation with a nonlocal model of the strain gradient elasticity. The Navier sinusoidal transverse deflection is employed to attain the critical buckling load. Furthermore, different types of axial symmetric and asymmetric porosity distributions are studied. It was revealed that regardless of the high magnetic field, one can realize the flexomagnetic effect at a small scale. We demonstrate as well that for the larger thicknesses a difference between responses of piezomagnetic and piezo-flexomagnetic nanobeams would not be significant.
Effects of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Composition in Mice with CKD
Authors: Barba Christophe , Soulage Christophe O. , Caggiano Gianvito , Glorieux Griet , Fouque Denis , Koppe Laetitia
Published: November 2020

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a renal disorder characterized by the accumulation of uremic toxins with limited strategies to reduce their concentrations. A large amount of data supports the pivotal role of intestinal microbiota in CKD complications and as a major source of uremic toxins production. Here, we explored whether fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could be attenuated in metabolic complication and uremic toxin accumulation in mice with CKD. Methods: Kidney failure was chemically induced by a diet containing 0.25% (w/w) of adenine for four weeks. Mice were randomized into three groups: control, CKD and CKD + FMT groups. After four weeks, CKD mice underwent fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy mice or phosphate buffered saline as control. The gut microbiota structure, uremic toxins plasmatic concentrations, and metabolic profiles were explored three weeks after transplantation. Results: Associated with the increase of alpha diversity, we observed a noticeable improvement of gut microbiota disturbance, after FMT treatment. FMT further decreased p-cresyl sulfate accumulation and improved glucose tolerance. There was no change in kidney function. Conclusions: These data indicate that FMT limited the accumulation of uremic toxins issued from intestinal cresol pathway by a beneficial effect on gut microbiota diversity. Further studies are needed to investigate the FMT efficiency, the timing and feces amount for the transplantation before, to become a therapeutic option in CKD patients.
Striving for Borehole Drilling Professionalism in Africa: A Review of a 16-Year Initiative through the Rural Water Supply Network from 2004 to 2020
Authors: Danert Kerstin , Adekile Dotun , Canuto Jose Gesti
Published: November 2020

Drilled boreholes are vital to achieving universal, safe drinking water and meeting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.1, particularly in Africa. Poor quality siting, borehole design, drilling and completion lead to premature failure of the water supply. From 2004 to 2020, a multi-stakeholder initiative through the Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN) has endeavored to raise the professionalism of borehole drilling and its management in Africa. The initiative comprised in-country and desk studies, training, and the development of guidelines, manuals, training materials, short animated films for advocacy as well as using blogs, webinars and online communities of practice to share experiences. The initiative was funded to approximately USD 750,000 in total. Funding was fragmented throughout, but the initial support by the World Bank Water and Sanitation Programme Africa (WSP-AF), consistent leadership and subsequent partnerships between Skat Foundation, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), WaterAid UK and others enabled progression on the topic, as well as innovation and opportunities to be harnessed. The initiative has raised the profile of drilling professionalism, provided a wealth of materials and inspired others to take action. Thousands of stakeholders have improved their knowledge. Academic research on the topic has also increased and capacity strengthening of groundwater management and professional drilling is now an action area for the African Ministers Council on Water (AMCOW). UNICEF and WaterAid are among the organizations that have made changes to procurement and project management as a result of the initiative. Despite a growing recognition of the importance of drilling professionalism, reliable, long-term investment in in-country training and professional development, and addressing challenges in the institutional environment remains inadequate. Despite the importance of water well drilling, and commitments to SDG 6.1, capacity strengthening in this area remains a marginal issue for national and international political leadership, and arguably for international funding agencies.
Effects of Histotripsy on Local Tumor Progression in an
in vivo
Orthotopic Rodent Liver Tumor Model
Authors: Worlikar Tejaswi , Mendiratta-Lala Mishal , Vlaisavljevich Eli , Hubbard Ryan , Shi Jiaqi , Hall Timothy L. , Cho Clifford S. , Lee Fred T. , Greve Joan , Xu Zhen
Published: November 2020

Objective and Impact Statement
. This is the first longitudinal study investigating the effects of histotripsy on local tumor progression in an
in vivo
orthotopic, immunocompetent rat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model.
Introduction
. Histotripsy is the first noninvasive, nonionizing, nonthermal, mechanical ablation technique using ultrasound to generate acoustic cavitation to liquefy the target tissue into acellular debris with millimeter accuracy. Previously, histotripsy has demonstrated
in vivo
ablation of noncancerous liver tissue.
Methods
. N1-S1 HCC tumors were generated in the livers of immunocompetent rats (

n
=
6

, control;

n
=
15

, treatment). Real-time ultrasound-guided histotripsy was applied to ablate either

100
%
 
tumor
 
volume
+
up
 
to
 
2
 
mm
 
margin

(

n
=
9

, complete treatment) or 50-75% tumor volume (

n
=
6

, partial treatment) by delivering 1-2 cycle histotripsy pulses at 100 Hz PRF (pulse repetition frequency) with

p
−
≥
30

 MPa using a custom 1 MHz transducer. Rats were monitored weekly using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) for 3 months or until tumors reached ~25 mm.
Results
. MRI revealed effective post-histotripsy reduction of tumor burden with near-complete resorption of the ablated tumor in 14/15 (93.3%) treated rats. Histopathology showed <5 mm shrunken, non-tumoral, fibrous tissue at the treatment site at 3 months. Rats with increased tumor burden (3/6 control and 1 partial treatment) were euthanized early by 2-4 weeks. In 3 other controls, histology revealed fibrous tissue at original tumor site at 3 months. There was no evidence of histotripsy-induced off-target tissue injury.
Conclusion
. Complete and partial histotripsy ablation resulted in effective tumor removal for 14/15 rats, with no evidence of local tumor progression or recurrence.
Addressing Policy Coherence Between Health in All Policies Approach and the Sustainable Development Goals Implementation: Insights From Kenya
Authors: Mauti Joy , Gautier Lara , Agbozo Faith , Shiroya Veronica , Jessani Nasreen S. , Tosun Jale , Jahn Albrecht
Published: November 2020

Background: Addressing health in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) calls for intersectoral strategies that mutually enhance both health promotion and sustainable development. Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach aims to address this as well as promote ownership among key stakeholders. Kenya was at the forefront of adopting the SDGs and has committed to the HiAP approach in its Health Policy document for the period 2014-2030. This study aims to assess how the adoption of the HiAP approach can leverage on SDGs implementation in Kenya. Methods: This is an exploratory case study using qualitative data and some descriptive quantitative data. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD’s) eight building blocks for policy coherence on sustainable development was our guiding framework. Qualitative data was derived from a review of relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature, as well as 40 key informant interviews and analyzed in NVIVO. Quantitative data was accessed from the United Nations SDG indicator database and exported to Excel. Results: Kenya has expressed a strong political commitment to achieving the SDGs and has now adopted HiAP. The study showed that Kenya can leverage on local level implementation and long-term planning horizons that it currently has in place to address the SDGs as it rolls out the HiAP approach. The SDGs could be mapped out against the sectors outlined in the Adelaide statement on HiAP. It is also possible to map out how various ministries could coordinate to effectively address HiAP and SDGs concurrently. Funding for HiAP was not addressed in the OECD framework. Conclusion: Kenya can advance a HiAP approach by leveraging the ongoing SDGs implementation. This will be made possible by facilitating coordinated intersectoral action both at national and local level. Funding for HiAP is crucial for its propagation, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and can be considered in the budgetary allocations for SDGs.
Comparative Analysis of PV System Performance in Different Environmental Conditions
Authors:   Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (US-PCASE), UET Peshawar, Pakistan, Azaz Muhammad , Ullah Sajad ,   Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (US-PCASE), UET Peshawar, Pakistan, Ul Islam Jawad ,   Department of Electrical Energy System Engineering, US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (US-PCASE), UET Peshawar, Pakistan
Published: November 2020

Apart from many other factors the overall performance of PV depends on temperature and solar irradiance because as the day progresses the energy received by PV panels from the sun changes and temperature also changes throughout the day. In this paper effects of temperature and solar irradiance variation were studied on a 240V PV panels maximum power, efficiency, and fill factor. The model is designed in Simulink/Matlab software which has two variable inputs in the form solar irradiance and temperature and three output parameters i.e. efficiency, fill factor and maximum power. First the performance parameters are observed under STC conditions and then one of the input is changed from STC whereas the other one is kept constant. At the end the second input is varied whereas the first one is held at STC. Simulations were performed and results obtained in terms of maximum power, efficiency and fill factor shows percent variation from its reference value for every one degree centigrade change in temperature and for every 20W/m2 change in the solar irradiance.
Recuperar la pedagogía en el contexto del discurso de la calidad de la educación
Authors: Arellano Duque Antonio , Bello R. María Eugenia
Published: November 2020

Hoy, en el campo de la reflexión sobre la enseñanza y la educación, aparece el discurso sobre la calidad de los sistemas escolares, el cual orienta y alimenta las políticas y reformas educativas en América Latina y, particularmente, en Venezuela. Este trabajo se propone sugerir la recuperación del pensamiento pedagógico como campo intelectual y comunidad de saber. Para ello se reflexiona sobre los cambios en la vida cotidiana y el saber, los aportes de la discusión modernidad-postmodernidad y se ubican los ejes organizadores del discurso de la calidad; desde allí se perfilan las sugerencias para pensar la educación, la enseñanza, la formación y el aprendizaje en el horizonte complejo, abierto y múltiple de la creación pedagógica.
Fortalecimiento de la capacidad interdisciplinaria en educación ambiental
Authors: Palma de Arraga Lilian
Published: November 2020

El Programa «Convivir en la Tierra» tiene como fin esencial la difusión de la Educación Ambiental (EA) en toda la estructura del nuevo sistema educativo nacional.La Fundación Educambiente propone capacitar en un ámbito de interdisciplinariedad a supervisores y docentes del último ciclo de la enseñanza general básica y de la enseñanza polimodal.Esta «creación de capacidad» se desarrollará a través de un campo conceptual de contenidos que incite a evolucionar desde la toma de conciencia y la construcción conceptual de la Educación Ambiental hacia la práctica de la misma por medio de talleres en los que se pondrán a prueba los recursos didácticos («Convivir en la Tierra. Experiencias de aprendizaje») elaborados en la segunda fase del programa aludido y aquellos preparados específicamente para estos talleres.
Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad: una mirada desde la educación en tecnología
Authors: Rodríguez Acevedo Germán Darío
Published: November 2020

La dimensión educativa de la relación Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad presenta matices muy diversos y complejos, producidos, por una parte, desde el campo específico de los estudios CTS que han permitido abrir la discusión acerca de las implicaciones de la ciencia y la tecnología en el contexto social y, por otra, desde la enseñanza de la ciencia que viene incorporando paulatinamente discusiones sobre el papel que debe jugar la ciencia en la sociedad. Ahora bien, desde una concepción más amplia de la tecnología, un nuevo actor en el escenario se abre paso, la Educación en Tecnología, que gracias a involucrar en la actividad escolar tanto los aspectos técnicos como los culturales de la tecnología en una deseable relación teórico-práctica, constituye una prometedora contribución a la desmitificación y democratización de la ciencia y la tecnología.
Los medios de comunicación masiva: identidad y territorio frente a la globalización de la información
Authors: Gómez Carlos H.
Published: November 2020

Hablar de los medios de comunicación masiva, de las identidades culturales, de los territorios y de todo esto en un contexto globalizado, sin partir de alguna concepción de Hombre —con mayúscula—, dejaría sin piso cualquier afirmación que se intentara realizar sobre los temas acerca de los cuales debemos hacer planteamientos desde aquí.Por eso, comenzaré haciendo alguna reflexión sobre el Hombre, para luego pasar, sucesivamente, a temas directamente relacionados: globalización; los mediadores en un contexto globalizado; los medios de comunicación masiva en dos escenarios: el de los profetas del desastre y el de los anacoretas del desierto; la posibilidad de modificar los escenarios y, como un intento de conclusión, los medios en un mundo globalizado.
La educación comparada de los 80: memoria y balance
Authors: Mollis Marcela
Published: November 2020

Si bien el análisis comparativo de los fenómenos educativos se realizó desde tiempos remotos (los relatos de Homero, Tucídides y Platón y las obras de J. A. Comenio, I. G. Herder y A. J. Niemeyer constituyen algunos ejemplos), existe un acuerdo bastante generalizado en afirmar que la Educación Comparada, como campo de estudio sistemático, tuvo su origen a partir de la publicación de Marc Antoine Jullien, Bosquejo y observaciones previas a la investigación en Pedagogía Comparada (París, 1817) (1). Este investigador fue el primero en señalar algunos objetivos y métodos de investigación y concedió al problema una determinada dirección sociopolítica.
Foro Mundial sobre la Educación. Calidad y equidad educativas
Authors: Fernández Santamaría María del Rosario
Published: November 2020

Las relaciones entre la calidad de la educación y la equidad en la sociedad contemporánea constituyen uno de los ejes del debate mundial al inicio de los 2000. La ineludible relación entre estos términos va borrando antiguas y estériles discusiones. La consideración de ambos como conceptos indisolubles representa, sin lugar a dudas, un gran avance. En la IX Conferencia Iberoamericana de Educación, celebrada en La Habana el pasado año, los ministros del área se pronunciaron en el sentido de que no puede hablarse de un sistema educativo de calidad, si el mismo no incluye programas de equidad con una atención diferenciada, que responda a la variedad de necesidades que presentan cotidianamente los alumnos. Alcanzar una educación de calidad para todos es un asunto que compete a la sociedad en su conjunto. Los esfuerzos sociales y la inmensa tarea colectiva de construcción de ofertas y alternativas para la satisfacción general de las necesidades básicas del aprendizaje, nos permiten mirar los problemas de una manera distinta.
La formación de los profesores de ciencias en Iberoamérica
Authors: Maiztegui Alberto , Otros (*) Y
Published: November 2020

La presión a la que se ven sometidos los sistemas educativos iberoamericanos para satisfacer las demandas que les llegan desde sociedades fuertemente condicionadas por las expectativas que generan los procesos de globalización, está teniendo su mayor repercusión en el área de la enseñanza de las ciencias.

Parece ser allí donde las recientes reformas educativas encuentran las dificultades más notables para convertir los contenidos curriculares propuestos en los conocimientos requeridos por aquella nueva situación. En esta tarea resulta fundamental el papel que tienen los docentes de dichas disciplinas y, como no puede ser de otra manera, la formación que ellos mismos reciben.

Por todo eso, un destacado grupo de cualificados expertos en la materia se ha impuesto la tarea de «tomar en consideración las contribuciones de la investigación educativa para analizar la situación de la formación del profesorado de ciencias para la educación básica y secundaria en nuestros países, y originar propuestas que permitan impulsar su necesaria mejora como elemento clave en la renovación curricular en curso».
Estrategias educativas para el uso de las nuevas tecnologias de la informacion y comunicación
Authors: Laborí de la Nuez Bárbara , Oleagordia Aguirre Iñigo
Published: November 2020

El presente trabajo expone los resultados de una  investigación realizada sobre como introducir  y utilizar las nuevas tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (NTIC) en el ámbito universitario. Se realizó un análisis de los métodos educativos y modalidades de la informática más convenientes para ser utilizados en el diseño de aplicaciones multimedias para la enseñanza. Se proponen modificaciones al sistema educativo y nuevas estrategias educativas en función de los novedosos medios tecnológicos disponibles.
¿Qué es eso que llamamos Inteligencia? La Teoría de las Inteligencias Múltiples y la Educación
Authors: Lapalma Fernando
Published: November 2020

Este análisis nos da cuenta de la equivocación que se comete al describir a las personas como poseedoras de una única y cuantificable inteligencia.

Pues el ser humano tiene, por lo menos, ocho inteligencias diferentes. Cada una desarrollada de modo y a un nivel particular.

Ellas son la Inteligencia Musical, Corporal-cinestésica, Lingüística, Lógico-matemática, Espacial, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal y Naturalista.

Pero los programas de enseñanza sólo se basan en las inteligencias lingüística y matemática, dando una mínima importancia a las otras.

Es por ello que para lograr el objetivo de transformar a la escuela tradicional en una de Inteligencias Múltiples, tenemos que partir desde un trabajo en equipo en el que intervengan la escuela (docentes), y el hogar (los padres).
Mujeres progresistas: una apuesta por la igualdad desde la educación informal
Authors: González Vázquez María Jesús
Published: November 2020

El movimiento asociativo de mujeres progresistas por la igualdad, que emerge en Madrid en 1986, lo hace desde unos grupos de reflexión, que observaban preocupadamente cómo el mensaje feminista no traspasaba una serie de barreras. No llegaba a la gran masa de mujeres, quedándose en círculos reducidos, generalmente de las capas más ilustradas y de las cuales no todas vencían las resistencias mentales de una educación tradicional y, en el mejor de los casos, no pasaban a una acción solidaria.

Era necesario hacer calar la idea de igualdad de una forma generalizada en la población femenina, para, aprovechando la coyuntura de gobiernos progresistas, poder reivindicar y conseguir unas medidas legislativas y unas políticas sociales correctoras de la situación de discriminación en que se encontraban las mujeres. Sobre todo las que pertenecían a los sectores sociales más desfavorecidos.
Europa y América Latina: una cooperación para la acción
Authors: IRELA CE-
Published: November 2020

Informe elaborado y publicado por la Comisión Europea en colaboración con el Instituto de Relaciones Europeo-Latinoamericanas (IRELA). Se publica con autorización del IRELA.Se incluye un anexo con el perfil estadístico de las relaciones de la Unión Europea con América Latina y el Caribe: http://rieoei.org/oeivirt/rie07a09.htm
Global technological trends in the field of weapons and military equipment
Authors:   State Institution “Ukrainian Institute of Scientific and Technical Expertise and Information”, Pysarenko T. V. , Kvasha T. K.
Published: November 2020

Technology is the fundamental factor of social change, offering new opportunities for the production, storage and dissemination of knowledge. This is especially true in the military sphere, because progress in military technology can have both positive and negative consequences: improved capabilities for measures to mobilize and use force, or more powerful capabilities for cause harm and destruction. Current innovations in artificial intelligence, robotics, autonomous systems, space technology, 3D printing, biotechnology, materials science and quantum computing will bring unprecedented transformations. Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming the "defining technology of the future", both in everyday life and in the military sphere. For developing a military potential suitable for the geostrategic challenges of the present and the future, it is important to navigate military innovations and new technologies, which is what this work is devoted to. Based on the analysis of publications of the international analytical and consulting organizations, foreign governments, NATO, SIPRI, the Munich Security Conference, the EU the latest forecasts for the introduction and adaptation of new technologies and methods originating from the civilian sector into military programs were presented. In particular, this applies to technologies of the fourth industrial revolution - artificial intelligence, robotics, autonomy, cybersecurity, etc., as well as space, nuclear technologies, technologies of new materials, biotechnologies - for military transformation. The future of military success will now belong to those who design, build and use combinations of information technology with existing technology and military capabilities to form a new combat force - smart, interconnected, distributed and digital. This change manifests itself in new forms of war - hyper war, memetic war, cyberspace war. The future scientific and technological landscape in the military sphere will be characterized (and at the same time guided) by the following: - Intelligence: built-in artificial intelligence, advanced analytics and decision-making capabilities across the entire technology spectrum. - Autonomy: autonomous systems with artificial intelligence that are capable of up to a certain level of autonomous decision-making. Such autonomous systems can be robotic, platform-based, or (digital) agents. - Humanistic intelligence: seamless integration of psycho-socio-technological systems supporting human and machine connectivity, as well as synergistic behaviour. - Interconnection: overlay of real and virtual domains, including sensors, organizations, institutions, individuals, autonomous agents and processes.
ANALYSIS OF THE CHANGING ROLE OF POUND STERLING WITHIN THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM
Authors: Teslya Garri , Podolskaya Tatiana
Published: November 2020

The paper investigates how the role of the British currency has been changing within the international monetary system. This article is focused on sorting out why the world financial dominance of the United Kingdom was undermined and when exactly the dollar took over as the leading international currency. This question arises, because some authors, using evidence from the bond markets, state that the US dollar overtook sterling much earlier than in 1945, namely in 1929, while others adhere to another common opinion. Our study uses the quantitative research approach to examine the hypothesis questions. The null hypothesis states that the sterling lost its financial dominance before the World War II, while our alternative hypothesis claims that the dominance was lost after the same war.
FINANCIAL SECURITY IN THE SELECTED COUNTRIES AND THE LESSONS FOR VIETNAM
Authors: Mai Huong Le Thi , Tien Thinh Bui , Van Hung Tran
Published: November 2020

Financial security is an issue of concern in many countries as it is responsible for ensuring the financial system is stable, safe and strong. Stemming from this provision, the authors of this article describe the current financial situation in Vietnam and analyze a number of reasons as well as experiences in terms of financial security of several other countries around the world. Based on the aforementioned financial security experiences, lessons are to be drawn for the authorities and policy makers of Vietnam that are responsible for improving the efficiency of national financial security.
Fish Community Structure in Seagrass Beds of Doreri Bay Manokwari Regency
Authors: Pattipeilohy Wilhelmus Reinaldo , Pattiasina Thomas Frans , Leatemia Simon Petrus Octavianus , Talakua Selfanie
Published: November 2020

One of the coastal ecosystems that has a high primary productivity, seagrass, makes it a places to find foods (feeding ground), spawn (spawning ground), and shelter for most fish. Whether the structure of fish communities on seagrass beds in the coastal waters of Doreri Bay based on day and night observation times is different from previous studies. This study aims to examine the structure of fish communities on seagrass beds in the coastal waters of Doreri Bay, between the time of observation and compared to previous studies. Data collection takes place during April-May 2019. The method used in this study is a descriptive method, using 1 and 1.5 inch gills net. The results of the study found that seagrass beds in Doreri Bay waters were more than in previous studies, which consisted of 10 species of seagrasses from 2 families (Hydrocharitaceae and Cymodoceaceae). The composition of fish is 56 species with a total of 91 individuals during the day and 189 individuals at night. Fish community structure in Doreri Bay waters has moderate diversity and uniformity while low dominance. Efforts should be made to protect seagrass ecosystems so that fish resources in the Doreri Bay region are maintained.
Abundance Telescopium telescopium at Mangrove Ecosystem in Daruba Pantai Village, Morotai Island
Authors: Wahab Iswandi , Nurafni Nurafni , Rahamati Aricen
Published: November 2020

Mangroves are one of the most important plants in coastal areas that act as a provider of nutrients for aquatic biota. Telescopium telescopium is one of the gastropod species which is found in many mangrove ecosystem areas. The research objective was to analyze the abundance of Telescopium telescopium and the composition of the mangrove species in the waters of Daruba Pantai Village. This research was conducted from December 2019 to January 2020. The method used is quadrant transect line and Telescopium telescopium observation is done visually or directly. Telescopium telescopium abundance data were analyzed descriptively. The results of the research on mangrove communities were varied, consisting of 4-5 types of mangroves. At station (1) there are 4 types of mangroves, stations (2) and (3) there are 5 types of mangroves. The abundance of Telescopium telescopium at three stations, the highest was at station (3) 0.262 (ind / m²), Station (1) 0.212 (ind / m²) and the lowest was at station (2) 0.142 (ind / m²). The abundance of Telescopium telescopiun is found at three stations and the highest is at station (3) 0.262 (ind / m²). The composition of mangrove species contained in Telescopium telescopium are Rhizopohora apiculata, Ceriops tagal and Rhizopora mucronata.
Optical chopper based mechanically Q-switched ∼3 μm Er:YAP single-crystal laser
Authors: Kawase Hiroki , Uehara Hiyori , Yao Weichao , Chen Hengjun , Yasuhara Ryo
Published: November 2020

We developed a compact and low-cost diode-pumped ∼3 μm mechanically Q-switched Er:YAP laser with high-power using an optical chopper. At 2.4 W pumping and 7 kHz modulation frequency, a stable single-pulse repetitively Q-switched laser with a wavelength of 2.796 μm has been observed. We recorded the pulse duration, the peak power, and the pulse energy of 264 ns, 22 W, and 5.9 μJ, respectively. As increasing pumping power to 7.4 W at a frequency of 10 kHz, the lasing wavelength shifted to 2.921 μm and a stable multiple-pulse laser was observed. The pulse with 75 ns duration and 34 μJ energy has been observed, corresponding to a peak power of 456 W. The peak power and the pulse energy are the highest value ever reported for an actively Q-switched mid-infrared (IR) Er:YAP laser. Thus, this laser has the potential to be utilized for industrial and science fields as high-power mid-IR light source.
Single Shockley stacking fault expansion from immobile basal plane dislocations in 4H-SiC
Authors: Nishio Johji , Okada Aoi , Ota Chiharu , Iijima Ryosuke
Published: November 2020

Some combinations of immobile partial dislocations (PDs) that constitute basal plane dislocations (BPDs) have not previously been considered as sources for single Shockley stacking fault expansion. We searched for and found this type of BPD and investigated its structure. The realistic reason for immobile C-core PDs being converted into mobile Si-core PDs is speculated from the results obtained by plan-view transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cross-sectional scanning TEM. A model is proposed from a dynamic viewpoint for interpreting the mechanism of core-species change by step-flow motion during epitaxial crystal growth in 4H-SiC. Moreover, all possible combinations of immobile PDs are summarized and the necessary condition for immobile BPDs to change to include mobile PDs is discussed.
Identification of deep level defects in CdTe solar cells using transient photo-capacitance spectroscopy
Authors: Li Chuang , Hao Xia , He Yulu , Zhang Jingquan , Wu Lili , Li Wei , Wang Wenwu , Feng Lianghuan , Monirul Islam Muhammad , Akimoto Katsuhiro , Sakurai Takeaki
Published: November 2020

The carrier lifetime in CdTe is strongly limited by the nonradiative recombination via defects. Here, deep level defects in CdTe thin-film solar cells are revealed by transient photo-capacitance (TPC) measurement. A broad defect band centered at 1.07 eV above the valance band is identified at 90 K. The defect signal is reduced with the insertion of the CdSe layer between the CdS/CdTe heterojunction. The TPC signals are rapidly quenched with increased temperature, which suggests that this deep level defect is highly possible to act as an effective recombination center. Based on the thermal quenching model, the activation energy (E
a) of the defect is estimated to be ∼0.2 eV. With the configuration coordinate model, the temperature-dependent TPC signal and the corresponding electronic transition process can be well interpreted. All the observations strongly indicate that the introduction of Se atoms into CdTe is promising to suppress the formation of deep defects.
3D impurity profiles of doped/intrinsic amorphous-silicon layers composing textured silicon heterojunction solar cells detected by atom probe tomography
Authors: Shimizu Yasuo , Han Bin , Ebisawa Naoki , Ichihashi Yoshinari , Hashiguchi Taiki , Katayama Hirotaka , Matsumoto Mitsuhiro , Terakawa Akira , Inoue Koji , Nagai Yasuyoshi
Published: November 2020

Laser-assisted atom probe tomography was used to identify the impurity distribution in Si heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells composed of thin doped/intrinsic amorphous Si layers on the textured surface of a crystalline Si wafer. A site-specific lift-out technique involving a focused ion beam enabled the selection of a ∼2 × 2 μm2 area on an arbitrary pyramidal surface. The distributions of B, P and C in the amorphous Si layers introduced by p-type (trimethyl-borane or diborane) or n-type (phosphine) dopant gases were investigated. Standard guidelines for the assessment of the H content in amorphous Si of SHJ solar cells were provided.
Voltage control of spin–orbit torque in Pd/Co/Pd/HfO
x
Authors: Hirai Takamasa , Hibino Yuki , Hasegawa Kento , Kohda Makoto , Koyama Tomohiro , Chiba Daichi
Published: November 2020

Voltage control of current-induced spin–orbit torque (SOT) in an in-plane-magnetized Pd/Co/Pd system with a low-temperature-deposited HfO
x
and a gate electrode on top is studied. An application of the gate electric field to the HfO
x
layer is to induce a non-volatile electrochemical effect from the Pd/HfO
x
interface. By means of low-frequency harmonic Hall measurements, the voltage modulation of both damping-like and field-like SOT is obtained. The sign of the voltage-induced SOT modification is found to be reversed by changing the top Pd thickness. Our finding is expected to facilitate the efficient active manipulation of SOT.
Frequency of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Canine Skin Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of the Recovered Isolates
Authors: MÜŞTAK İnci Başak , MÜŞTAK Hamit Kaan , SARIÇAM Seyyide , ÜSTÜN Tuğçe , ERDEM Asena Esra
Published: November 2020

In this study, 61 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains were isolated from 77 dogs with skin infections. Antimicrobial resistance to commonly used antibiotics was evaluated by disc diffusion method. The presence of the blaZ and mecA genes responsible respectively for penicillin and methicillin resistance were investigated by PCR. The S. pseudintermedius isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline (47.5%) and penicillin (40.9%) while all isolates were susceptible to amikacin (100%). All 18 methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains were positive for the mecA gene while the 25 S. pseudintermedius strain isolates with the blaZ gene were also resistant to penicillin phenotypically. Of the 18 MRSP isolates, 14 S. pseudintermedius strains were resistant to three or more antibiotics, indicating that these strains showed multiple drug resistance (MDR). This report confirms previous findings that S. pseudintermedius is the most frequently isolated bacteria from dog skin infections. It can also be concluded that amikacin is a useful agent for treating S. pseudintermedius infections since all the S. pseudintermedius strains tested in this study were susceptible to amikacin.
Semel
Authors: Cresti Simona
Published: November 2020

Cerchiamo di soddisfare le curiosità di un nostro lettore appassionato di cucina toscana che dagli Stati Uniti ci chiede lumi a proposito di semel, nome di un particolare tipo di pane diffuso a Firenze e usato oggi, dice sempre il lettore, dai venditori di lampredotto (il tipico cibo fiorentino da asporto). Qual è l’esatta grafia di questa parola? Quando è stata usata per la prima volta? Che cosa indica, di preciso: un cibo della tradizione italiana o tedesca?
ŠEIMOS, MOKYKLOS IR VALSTYBĖS BENDRADARBIAVIMAS UGDANT VAIKŲ SVEIKOS MITYBOS ĮPROČIUS
Authors: Dovydaitis Julius
Published: November 2020

Vaikų sveika mityba tampa modernios visuomenės kul­tūriniu antropologiniu iššūkiu. Darbo tikslas − parengti vaikų sveikos gyvensenos (mitybos) įpročių ugdymo ir atitinkamos sektorinės politikos įtvirtinimo darbinį-hipo­tetinį modelį. Straipsnyje, remiantis mokslinės literatūros, teisinių dokumentų analize, aptariamos vaikų sveikatos prastėjimo priežastys, nagrinėjama vaikų sveikatai pa­lankios mitybos politika, programos, vaikų sveikatos stebėsenos priemonės. Vaiko teisių ir sveikatos apsaugos standartams kylant, vaikų sveikos mitybos tendencijos ir sveikatos būklė prastėja. Atskleidžiamos šio paradokso pagrindinės priežastys – maisto chemizacija, maisto ener­getinė struktūra (kaloringumas), vaikų hipodinamija, maisto rengimo ir saugojimo technologijų bei maitini­mosi sociokultūrinių ritualų kaita. Hipotezės teisėmis pateikiamas darbinis modelis (1 lentelė), kuriame išgry­nintos valstybės, mokyklos ir šeimos funkcijos, formuo­jant vaikų sveikos mitybos įpročius bei įtvirtinant atitin­kamą sektorinę politiką.
FIZINIO AKTYVUMO ĮTAKA LAIKYSENAI ANKSTYVOJOJE PAAUGLYSTĖJE
Authors: Strukčinskaitė Vaiva , Gladkytė Patricija , Strukčinskienė Birutė , Česnauskienė Ramunė
Published: November 2020

Sparčiai vystantis technologijoms, paaugliai vis mažiau laiko užsiima fiziškai aktyvia veikla, jų gyvensena ir laisvalaikis tampa pasyvūs. Ankstyvoji paauglystė yra vienas iš kritinių laikotarpių, kai žmogaus organizmas dėl jame vykstančių permainų yra itin pažeidžiamas. Šiuo amžiaus tarpsniu išryškėja sumažėjusio fizinio ak­tyvumo pasekmės jauno žmogaus laikysenai. Tyrimo metu buvo siekiama nustatyti fizinio aktyvumo įtaką laikysenai ankstyvojoje paauglystėje. Tyrimas atliktas 2020 metais Vilniaus miesto mokykloje. Tyrime da­lyvavo 34 (n=34) 13-14 metų paaugliai. Tyrimo metu atlikti tiriamųjų antropometriniai matavimai, vertinta paauglių laikysena pagal W.W.K. Hoeger skalę, atlikta apklausa raštu naudojant Tarptautinio fizinio aktyvumo klausimyno trumpąją versiją. Fizinio aktyvumo klausi­myno duomenys konvertuoti į metabolinio ekvivalento vienetus (MET), nustatytas fizinio aktyvumo lygis. At­likta statistinė duomenų analizė. Įvertinus paaauglių fizinį aktyvumą, bendroje grupėje nustatytas vidutinis (aukštas) fizinio aktyvumo lygis. W.W.K. Hoeger skale įvertinus paauglių laikyseną, vidutinis įvertinimas ati­tiko patenkinamą laikyseną. Statistiškai reikšmingų skirtumų tarp lyčių nenustatyta (p>0,05). Koreliacinės analizės metu nustatyti neigiami vidutinio stiprumo ir silpni koreliaciniai ryšiai tarp paauglių vaikščiojimo kiekio ir galvos padėties (rs=-0,473, p=0,009), ben­dro fizinio aktyvumo ir stuburo įvertinimo (rs=-0,341, p=0,047), vidutinio intensyvumo fizinės veiklos ir kelių bei čiurnų padėties (rs=-0,344, p=0,046). Tyrimo išva­dose gauti koreliaciniai ryšiai parodė, kad laikysena iš dalies priklauso nuo fizinio aktyvumo lygio.
PRIEŠ LAIKĄ PAGIMDŽIUSIŲ MOTERŲ PATIRTYS
Authors: Vaškelytė Alina , Naujokaitė Herta
Published: November 2020

Vaiko gimimas pripažįstamas kaip išskirtinis ir gyvenimą keičiantis įvykis, reikalaujantis jautrios paramos ir pa­galbos, turintis įtakos trumpalaikei ir ilgalaikei šeimos gerovei. Šeima susikuria būsimo naujagimio paveikslą dar jam negimus. Neišnešioto naujagimio gimimas nea­titinka tėvų lūkesčių, todėl šeimos patiria daug emocinių išgyvenimų ir turi taikytis prie naujų aplinkybių. Šeima baiminasi, kad vaiko būklė nepasunkėtų, abejoja savo gebėjimais rūpintis neišnešiotu naujagimiu bei įveikti kasdien vis naujas problemas. Siekiant atskleisti prieš laiką pagimdžiusių moterų patirtis, atliktas kokybinis tyrimas Lietuvos ligoninės Neonatologijos klinikoje. Tyrime dalyvavo penkios šioje ligoninėje pagimdžiu­sios moterys, kurių naujagimiai buvo gydomi Naujagi­mių ligų skyriuje ne mažiau nei dvi savaites. Atliekant tyrimą, taikytas pusiau struktūruoto interviu metodas. Tyrimo radiniai atskleidė, kad prieš laiką pagimdžiusių moterų nėštumas nesiskyrė nuo įprastinės nėštumo eigos, todėl staiga pasirodę priešlaikinio gimdymo požymiai tyrimo dalyvėms kėlė baimę, šoką, nežinomybę, mamos išgyveno planuotos nėštumo patirties praradimą, jautėsi nepasiruošusios gimdymui ir motinystei. Dėl staiga pra­sidėjusio priešlaikinio gimdymo, moterims teko keisti gimdymo planus, o naujagimio atskyrimas nuo mamos iškart po gimimo turėjo įtakos ankstyvai motinystės pa­tirčiai − mamos prarado motinystės vaidmenį, gimęs neišnešiotas naujagimis neatitiko vaizduotėje susikurto naujagimio paveikslo, tačiau sveikatos priežiūros specia­listų emocinė parama ir pagalba padėjo mamoms priimti naujagimį ir juo pasirūpinti.
DETERMINANTS OF HYPERTENSION IN THE ELDERLY AT SIMPANG TIGA HEALTH CENTER PEKANBARU CITY
Authors: Purba Christine Vita , . Nurhapipa , Priwahyuni Yuyun , Daniati Rozia
Published: November 2020

Hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg with two measurements with calm conditions. High blood pressure or hypertension is one of the most killer diseases in the world today. According to WHO (2015) around 1.13 billion people in the world have hypertension, meaning that 1 in 3 people in the world was diagnosed with hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determined the determinant of the incidence of hypertension in the elderly at Simpang Tiga Health Center, Pekanbaru City in 2020. This type of research was quantitative analytic with cross sectional research design and purposive sampling technique with 183 respondents as sample from 1617 populations. The results showed that variables related to the incidence of hypertension were excessive sodium consumption with P value = 0,000, (POR = 3,874 95% CI: 2,008-7,475), physical activity P value = 0.008 (POR = 2,323 95% CI: 1,280-4,215) , and eating patterns with a value of Pvalue = 0.024 (POR = 2.302 95% CI: 1.166-4.543). It is expected that elderly program holders will provide counseling services and counseling about excessive sodium consumption and better dietary arrangements and encouraged the elderly and families to reduce foods containing excess sodium and continue to carry out physical activities, actively participating in activities held once a week at the health center/ integrated elderly development post.