bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conflits de loyauté, conflits d'appartenance : outils de la construction de l'enfant en accueil familial
Authors: Oxley Janine
Published: April 2013

L’enfant séparé de sa famille d’origine et confié à une famille d’accueil doit poursuivre sa construction entre deux modes de vie, avec des identifications en mosaïque. Quel est le rôle de l’institution de l’accueil familial dans cette nouvelle expérience pour l’enfant ? Quel accompagnement thérapeutique lui propose-t-on, afin que les conflits de loyauté ne l’emprisonnent pas dans des clivages destructeurs ? Comment la reconnaissance de la place des parents à part entière contribue-t-elle à la continuité des soins et à l’évolution de l’enfant ?
Transfert, capacité d'absorption et encastrement des connaissances dans les filiales occidentales implantées en Tunisie
Authors: Hachana Rym , Saidani Chiraz
Published: April 2013

Cet article a une triple visée : il cherche à expliquer les mécanismes qui régissent le processus de transfert des connaissances entre siège/filiales. Cette étude cherche également à apporter des éléments de réponses à la problématique de la capacité d’absorption et l’encastrement (relationnel/ structurel et politique/institutionnel) des connaissances reçues par les filiales occidentales implantées en Tunisie.
La responsabilité sociale autour des personnes âgées : la construction de gouvernances territoriales différenciées. Etude au travers du cas de la téléassistance
Authors: Raulet-Croset Nathalie , Amar Laure
Published: April 2013

A travers l’étude d’un service, celui de la téléassistance, cet article s’intéresse à la gouvernance territoriale dans le champ du maintien à domicile des personnes âgées fragilisées. Nous montrons que cette gouvernance est structurée par le partage de la responsabilité sociale vis-à-vis des personnes âgées entre différents acteurs (publics, privés, associatifs), et par les spécificités du territoire.
Initiatives populaires de solidarité internationale en Wallonie et à Bruxelles : portrait et enjeux d'une coopération à taille humaine
Authors: Godin Julie
Published: April 2013

Face à la multiplication et à la diversité des acteurs qui mènent aujourd’hui des activités de coopération au développement, nous avons enquêté auprès de 171 initiatives populaires de solidarité internationale en Wallonie et à Bruxelles. Cet article se propose de dresser le portrait de ces acteurs, ainsi que les enjeux auxquels ils sont confrontés dans la mise en œuvre de leurs projets de solidarité internationale comme celui, primordial, de la professionnalisation du secteur.
L'Unesco et l'Union internationale pour la protection de la nature. Une impossible transmission de valeurs ?
Authors: Woebse Anna-Katharina
Published: April 2013

Les questions environnementales ne devinrent un sujet de préoccupation majeur de toutes les organisations de l’ONU qu’à partir de la fin des années 1960, quand le « tournant environnemental » fit irruption dans l’espace public. Cet article décrit le mécanisme par lequel l’Unesco fit émerger le discours environnemental dans l’immédiat après-guerre, mais échoua à mettre en place un espace de discussion solide et influent avant les années 1960. Il dresse un aperçu des questions environnementales débattues après la seconde guerre mondiale et étudie les conséquences des rivalités croissantes entre les différents groupes d’intérêts agissant au sein de la famille onusienne.
Interactions et filiations entre organisations internationales autour de la question des réfugiés (1946-1956)
Authors: Élie Jérôme
Published: April 2013

L’action des organisations non-gouvernementales (ONG) a été primordiale dans l’assistance apportée aux réfugiés dans la période d’après-guerre. Cette action s’est particulièrement inscrite dans le cadre d’interactions complexes avec les principales organisations internationales telles que le Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés (HCR). Néanmoins, les historiens ont jusqu’à présent largement négligé l’étude des interactions entre institutions internationales. Cet article tente de combler partiellement ce vide en analysant la nature, l’étendue et l’évolution des relations entre les ONG, l’Organisation internationale des réfugiés, le HCR et le Comité intergouvernemental pour les migrations européennes de 1946 à 1956.
Coagulation Abnormalities in Osteonecrosis and Bone Marrow Edema Syndrome
Authors: Orth Patrick , Anagnostakos Konstantinos
Published: April 2013

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.

Identify relevant coagulation laboratory parameters at the site of osteonecrosis and bone marrow edema syndrome.

2.

Understand the mechanisms of fibrinolysis and its possible role in the emergence of osteonecrosis and bone marrow edema syndrome.

3.

Understand the mechanisms of thrombophilia and its possible role in the emergence of osteonecrosis and bone marrow edema syndrome.

4.

Increase their knowledge about diagnostic and therapeutic measures at the site of osteonecrosis and bone marrow edema syndrome when disturbed coagulation laboratory parameters are present.

The aim of this review was to provide information about the variety of thrombophilic and hypofibrinolytic markers that are possible risk factors for the development of osteonecrosis and bone marrow edema syndrome. A total of 48 parameters were identified in 45 studies that included 2163 patients. The most frequently reported laboratory findings included altered serum concentrations of lipoproteins, decreased concentration and function of fibrinolytic agents, increased levels of thrombophilic markers, and several single nucleotide polymorphisms. Despite inhomogeneities in reported parameters, results, patients’ collectives, and treatment strategies, these data suggest that coagulation abnormalities may play an important role in the emergence of osteonecrosis and bone marrow edema syndrome.
Excellent Results of Primary THA Using a Highly Porous Titanium Cup
Authors: Naziri Qais , Issa Kimona , Pivec Robert , Harwin Steven F. , Delanois Ronald E. , Mont Michael A.
Published: April 2013

Cementless acetabular cups for primary total hip arthroplasty have had excellent results, with failure rates typically less than 5% at up to 10-year follow-up. Tritanium is a 3-dimensional metal interface that has been used for porous biological fixation. The purpose of this study was to review the clinical and radiographic results of the use of Tritanium cups (Stryker Orthopaedics, Mahwah, New Jersey) for primary total hip arthroplasty. Two hundred eighty-eight total hip arthroplasties performed using a porous titanium acetabular cup in 252 patients between 2008 and 2010 were reviewed. One hundred thirty-three men and 119 women with a mean age of 58 years (range, 18–88 years) were included. Mean follow-up was 36 months (range, 24–56 months). Outcomes evaluated were implant survivorship, Harris Hip Score, complications, and radiographic outcomes. At final follow-up, no cup failures had occurred. Mean Harris Hip Score improved from 53 points (range, 33–82 points) preoperatively to 91 points (range, 64–100 points) postoperatively. One complication occurred; a 64-year-old woman with recurrent postoperative effusions underwent hip exploration and required abductor mechanism repair. On radiologic evaluation, no signs existed of progressive radiolucencies or changes in cup position. The survivorship of the Tritanium cup and the low complication rate is comparable with previous studies using other porous-metal prostheses. Longer follow-up study is needed and assessment of the results of using this implant in the revision setting is important.
Effect of Initial Tibial Resection Thickness on Outcomes of Revision UKA
Authors: Schwarzkopf Ran , Mikhael Bassem , Li Ling , Josephs Lee , Scott Richard D.
Published: April 2013

The frequency of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) procedures has increased rapidly over the past decade. Some conflicting evidence exists concerning UKA revision. Some studies have found UKA revisions to be comparable with primary total knee arthroplasty, whereas others have found that UKA revisions require a higher need for tibial stems and augments and have more complications and worse results. This study seeks to determine the effect of a conservative tibial resection in UKA on the ease of revision and its outcomes in a consecutive patient cohort.

Thirty-five patients underwent 37 conversions of a medial UKA to a total knee arthroplasty. Clinical, functional, and radiological data were evaluated. At revision, a primary total knee arthroplasty implant was used in 24 (88.8%) patients who underwent a conservative tibial resection during their UKA compared with only 3 (30%) patients who underwent an aggressive tibial resection (
P
<.001). The odds ratio of needing an augment or stem was 26.8 (95% confidence interval, 3.71–194) when an aggressive resection was performed compared with a conservative resection during the UKA.

The results indicate that revision of a medial UKA can be comparable with a primary TKA when a conservative tibial resection is performed at the time of the primary UKA. It is possible to preoperatively predict which patients might need the use of augmentation and stems during UKA revision. This data should guide surgeons to strive for the most conservative UKA tibial resection possible in patients undergoing medial UKA.
Comparison of Cementless and Hybrid Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Lass Richard , Kubista Bernd , Holinka Johannes , Pfeiffer Martin , Schuller Spiro , Stenicka Sandra , Windhager Reinhard , Giurea Alexander
Published: April 2013

Cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants were designed to provide long-term fixation without the risk of cement-associated complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of titanium-coated cementless implants compared with hybrid TKA implants with a cemented tibial and a cementless femoral component. The authors performed a case-control, single-center study of 120 TKAs performed between 2003 and 2007, including 60 cementless and 60 hybrid cemented TKAs. The authors prospectively analyzed the radiographic and clinical data and the survivorship of the implants at a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Ninety patients who underwent TKA completed the 5-year assessment. Knee Society Scores increased significantly in both groups (
P
<.001). In both groups, 2 patients underwent revision due to aseptic tibial component loosening, resulting in a 96% implant survival rate. Radiographs showed significantly less radiolucent lines around the tibial baseplate in the cementless group (n=12) than in the hybrid cemented group (n=26) (
P
=.009).

At 6-year mean follow-up, no significant difference existed between the cementless and hybrid cemented tibial components in TKA in terms of clinical and functional results and postoperative complications. The significantly smaller number of radiolucent lines in the cementless group is an indicator of primary stability with the benefit of long-term fixation durability of TKA.
Reducing the Risk of Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome During Femoral Arthroplasty
Authors: Rothberg David L. , Kubiak Erik N. , Peters Chris L. , Randall R. Lor , Aoki Stephen K.
Published: April 2013

Patients with pathologic hip fractures or impending pathologic proximal femur fractures are at a high risk for developing bone cement implantation syndrome during cemented femoral arthroplasty. Comorbid conditions of patients who sustain these fractures, including cardiopulmonary compromise and permeable, highly vascular bone related to metastatic disease, put them at risk for sudden death. Reducing intraoperative intramedullary pressure, a modifiable intraoperative intervention, may decrease this risk. The goals of this study were to determine the pressure generated by low- and high-viscosity cement during femoral implantation and the pullout strength of the bone-cement-implant interface.

Ten pairs of cadaveric femurs were divided into 2 groups: those receiving low-viscosity cement and those receiving high-viscosity cement during femoral arthroplasty. Pressure was recorded with sensors implanted in the lateral femoral cortex at proximal, middle, and distal implant positions in both groups during cement insertion and prosthesis implantation. Each construct underwent pullout failure testing after thorough cement curing. Significantly higher pressures were generated with high-viscosity cement for implant fixation, whereas the pullout force to failure was similar between groups.

Low-viscosity cementation may be used to reduce the risk of bone cement implantation syndrome in high-risk patients with pathologic hip fractures or impending pathologic proximal femur fractures. The proposed mechanism of risk reduction is through lower intramedullary pressure with no bone-cement-implant interface pullout strength reduction. Further clinical trials are needed to prove this biomechanical effect.
Predictors of Oswestry Disability Index Worsening After Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Gum Jeffrey L. , Carreon Leah Y. , Stimac Jeffrey D. , Glassman Steven D.
Published: April 2013

The authors identified patients with an increase in their Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score after lumbar spine fusion to evaluate whether this is a plausible definition of deterioration and to determine whether any common patient characteristics exist.

A total of 1054 patients who underwent lumbar spinal fusion and had 2-year follow-up data, including the Short Form 36, the ODI, and numeric rating scales for back and leg pain, were identified. Patients with worsening ODI were compared with the remaining cohort. Twenty-eight patients had an absolute increase (worse) in ODI at 1 year postoperatively. Participants with worsening ODI scores included 13 men and 15 women with an average age of 43.3 years; 15 (54%) were smokers. Common medical comorbidities included obesity and hypertension. Complications occurred in 5 (18%) patients and included wound infection, dural tear, and nerve root injury. Pseudarthrosis was common (n=8; 28%). Twenty-one patients required an additional intervention, including epidural injections, fusion revision, and cervical spine surgery.

It is important to have a clear definition of deterioration to better provide informed consent or choice of treatment. Only 28 (2.6%) patients were identified as having an increase in ODI score at 2-year follow-up.
Initial Psychometric Evaluation of the Nursing Quality and Safety Self-Inventory
Authors: Piscotty Ronald , Grobbel Claudia , Abele Carrie
Published: April 2013

Few instruments are available to measure nursing students’ quality and safety competencies. The authors developed and tested the psychometric properties of the Nursing Quality and Safety Self-Inventory (NQSSI), an 18-item, self-rated instrument to measure nursing students’ quality and safety knowledge, skills, and attitudes. All prelicen-sure baccalaureate nursing students (
N
= 176) enrolled in a leadership and management course at a midwestern school of nursing completed the self-inventory. Construct validity was established with exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring with direct oblimin rotation. The instrument was found to be composed of two subscales, knowledge and attitudes, which explained 53.8% of total variance. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.93 for the total inventory and ranged from 0.88 to 0.92 for the two subscales. Contrast validity and effectiveness of the NQSSI for measuring nursing students’ self-rated quality and safety competencies was supported. [
J Nurs Educ.
2013;52(5):269–274.]
Evolución paleoambiental del sector meridional del Parque Nacional de Doñana desde el Plioceno Inferior a la actualidad
Authors: Ruiz F. , Abad M. , Pozo M. , Carretero M. I. , Rodríguez-Vidal J. , Cáceres L. M. , Font E. , González-Regalado M. L. , Toscano A. , García E. X.
Published: April 2013

El estudio de los materiales geológicos y las asociaciones de ostrácodos presentes en un testigo largo obtenido en el sur del Parque Nacional de Doñana (SO de España) permite inferir una evolución paleoambiental desde medios marinos someros (Plioceno Inferior) hasta un lagoon salobre (Pleistoceno Superior-Holoceno) y la implantación de sistemas eólicos (
El papel de la educación en la invención de lo social (o de cómo la historia escolar transformó progresivamente lo social en la Argentina)
Authors: Finocchio Silvia
Published: April 2013

El artículo propone un recorrido desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad, con el propósito de reconocer diversas representaciones y sensibilidades socioculturales y políticas asociadas a la educación en la Argentina. Se trata de un estudio centrado en la prensa educativa, focalizada en la circulación de autores, teorías y métodos que nutrieron la vida escolar. De ese modo, se ponen en contraste intencionalidades pedagógicas y prácticas escolares a través de las cuales el sistema educativo argentino asumió, en su sentido más amplio, la dimensión social.
Violencia Simbólica en el Chile contemporáneo. Estrategias de respuesta en relaciones de alteridad
Authors: Aravena Reyes Andrea , Baeza Manuel Antonio
Published: April 2013

En situaciones de violencia simbólica, en un Chile marcado por relaciones sociales fuertemente asimétricas, ¿cómo la viven quienes son víctimas de ella? Esta es la principal pregunta que ha orientado nuestra investigación y respecto de la cual nos proponemos aportar algunas respuestas. Para ello hemos seleccionado tres personajes de la sociedad chilena: la mujer, el inmigrante de nacionalidad peruana y el indígena de origen mapuche. De acuerdo a los resultados de una investigación anterior sobre el tema, los tres tienen en común el hecho de ser potenciales víctimas de violencia simbólica por parte de sectores que, desde una posición dominante, practican el machismo, la xenofobia, el racismo y el clasismo. En la medida en que se instala en estos sujetos un grado variable de conciencia de situaciones denigrantes, opresivas, vejatorias, etc., se conciben sendas estrategias identitarias que les permiten hacer frente, con mayor o menor grado de conflictividad, a tales o cuales manifestaciones de violencia simbólica. Se presentan en este artículo los principales avances de la investigación a poco más de un año de su término.
TLR Activation Excludes Circulating Naive CD8+ T Cells from Gut-Associated Lymphoid Organs in Mice
Authors: Heidegger Simon , Kirchner Sophie-Kathrin , Stephan Nicolas , Bohn Bernadette , Suhartha Nina , Hotz Christian , Anz David , Sandholzer Nadja , Stecher Bärbel , Rüssmann Holger , Endres Stefan , Bourquin Carole
Published: April 2013

The trafficking of effector T cells is tightly regulated by the expression of site-specific sets of homing molecules. In contrast, naive T cells are generally assumed to express a uniform pattern of homing molecules and to follow a random distribution within the blood and secondary lymphoid organs. In this study, we demonstrate that systemic infection fundamentally modifies the trafficking of circulating naive CD8+ T cells. We show that on naive CD8+ T cells, the constitutive expression of the integrin α4β7 that effects their entry into GALT is downregulated following infection of mice with Salmonella typhimurium. We further show that this downregulation is dependent on TLR signaling, and that the TLR-activated naive CD8+ T cells are blocked from entering GALT. This contrasts strongly with Ag-experienced effector T cells, for which TLR costimulation in the GALT potently upregulates α4β7 and enhances trafficking to intestinal tissues. Thus, TLR activation leads to opposite effects on migration of naive and effector CD8+ T cells. Our data identify a mechanism that excludes noncognate CD8+ T cells from selected immune compartments during TLR-induced systemic inflammation.
CD163 and IgG Codefend against Cytotoxic Hemoglobin via Autocrine and Paracrine Mechanisms
Authors: Subramanian Karthik , Du Ruijuan , Tan Nguan Soon , Ho Bow , Ding Jeak Ling
Published: April 2013

Lysis of RBCs during numerous clinical settings such as severe hemolytic anemia, infection, tissue injury, or blood transfusion releases the endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern, hemoglobin (Hb), into the plasma. The redox-reactive Hb generates cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, disrupting the redox balance and impairing the immune-responsive blood cells. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how the immune system defends against the cytotoxic Hb. We identified a shortcut “capture and quench” mechanism of detoxification of Hb by the monocyte scavenger receptor CD163, independent of the well-known dominant antioxidant, haptoglobin. Our findings support a highly efficient two-pass mechanism of detoxification and clearance of Hb: 1) a direct suppression of Hb-pseudoperoxidase activity by CD163, involving an autocrine loop of CD163 shedding, sequestration of Hb, recycling, and homeostasis of CD163 in human monocytes and 2) paracrine transactivation of endothelial cells by the shedded soluble CD163 (sCD163), which further detoxifies and clears residual Hb. We showed that sCD163 and IgG interact with free Hb in the plasma and subsequently the sCD163-Hb-IgG complex is endocytosed into monocytes via FcγR. The endocytosed sCD163 is recycled to restore the homeostasis of CD163 on the monocyte membrane in an autocrine cycle, whereas the internalized Hb is catabolized. Using ex vivo coculture experiments, we demonstrated that the monocyte-derived sCD163 and IgG shuttle residual plasma Hb into the proximal endothelial cells. These findings suggest that CD163 and IgG collaborate to engage monocytes and endothelial cells in a two-pass detoxification mechanism to mount a systemic defense against Hb-induced oxidative stress.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Tune the Development of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Toward a Myeloid-Derived Suppressive Phenotype through Growth-Regulated Oncogene Chemokines
Authors: Chen Hsin-Wei , Chen Hsin-Yu , Wang Li-Tzu , Wang Fu-Hui , Fang Li-Wen , Lai Hsiu-Yu , Chen Hsuan-Hsu , Lu Jean , Hung Ming-Shiu , Cheng Yao , Chen Mei-Yu , Liu Shih-Jen , Chong Pele , Lee Oscar Kuang-Sheng , Hsu Shu-Ching
Published: April 2013

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are promising potential candidates for the treatment of immunological diseases because of their immunosuppressive functions. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate MSCs’ immunosuppressive activity remain elusive. In this article, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, that secreted growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) chemokines, specifically GRO-γ, in human MSC-conditioned media have an effect on the differentiation and the function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. The monocyte-derived dendritic cells were driven toward a myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)–like phenotype by the GRO chemokines. GRO-γ–treated MDSCs had a tolerogenic phenotype that was characterized by an increase in the secretion of IL-10 and IL-4, and a reduction in the production of IL-12 and IFN-γ. We have also shown that the mRNA expression levels of the arginase-1 and inducible NO synthase genes, which characterize MDSCs, were upregulated by GRO-γ–primed mouse bone marrow cells. In addition, the ability of GRO-γ–treated bone marrow–derived dendritic cells to stimulate the OVA-specific CD8+ T (OT-1) cell proliferation and the cytokine production of IFN-γ and TNF-α were significantly decreased in vivo. Our findings allow a greater understanding of how MDSCs can be generated and offer new perspectives to exploit the potential of MDSCs for alternative approaches to treat chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, as well as for the prevention of transplant rejection.
Role of Nucleic Acid–Sensing TLRs in Diverse Autoantibody Specificities and Anti-Nuclear Antibody–Producing B Cells
Authors: Koh Yi Ting , Scatizzi John C. , Gahan Jennifer D. , Lawson Brian R. , Baccala Roberto , Pollard K. Michael , Beutler Bruce A. , Theofilopoulos Argyrios N. , Kono Dwight H.
Published: April 2013

Nucleic acid (NA)–sensing TLRs (NA-TLRs) promote the induction of anti-nuclear Abs in systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the extent to which other nonnuclear pathogenic autoantibody specificities that occur in lupus and independently in other autoimmune diseases depend on NA-TLRs, and which immune cells require NA-TLRs in systemic autoimmunity, remains to be determined. Using Unc93b13d lupus-prone mice that lack NA-TLR signaling, we found that all pathogenic nonnuclear autoantibody specificities examined, even anti-RBC, required NA-TLRs. Furthermore, we document that NA-TLRs in B cells were required for the development of antichromatin and rheumatoid factor. These findings support a unifying NA-TLR–mediated mechanism of autoantibody production that has both pathophysiological and therapeutic implications for systemic lupus erythematosus and several other humoral-mediated autoimmune diseases. In particular, our findings suggest that targeting of NA-TLR signaling in B cells alone would be sufficient to specifically block production of a broad diversity of autoantibodies.
The NADPH Oxidase Pathway Is Dysregulated by the P2X7 Receptor in the SOD1-G93A Microglia Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Apolloni Savina , Parisi Chiara , Pesaresi Maria Grazia , Rossi Simona , Carrì Maria Teresa , Cozzolino Mauro , Volonté Cinzia , D’Ambrosi Nadia
Published: April 2013

Inflammation and oxidative stress are thought to play determinant roles in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Degenerating motor neurons produce signals that activate microglia to release reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in a vicious cycle of neurodegeneration. The ALS-causing mutant protein Cu+/Zn+ superoxide dismutase SOD1-G93A directly enhances the activity of the main ROS-producing enzyme in microglia, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), a well-known player in the pathogenesis of ALS. Considering that extracellular ATP through P2X7 receptor constitutes a neuron-to-microglia alarm signal implicated in ALS pathology, we used primary microglial cells derived from transgenic SOD1-G93A mice and SOD1-G93A mice lacking the P2X7 receptor to investigate the effects of both pharmacological induction and genetic ablation of receptor activity on the NOX2 pathway. We observed that, in SOD1-G93A microglia, the stimulation of P2X7 receptor by 2′-3′-O-(benzoyl-benzoyl) ATP enhanced NOX2 activity in terms of translocation of p67phox to the membrane and ROS production; this effect was totally dependent on Rac1. We also found that, following P2X7 receptor stimulation, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was augmented in ALS microglia, and there was a mutual dependency between the NOX2 and ERK1/2 pathways. All of these microglia-mediated damaging mechanisms were prevented by knocking out P2X7 receptor and by the use of specific antagonists. These findings suggest a noxious mechanism by which P2X7 receptor leads to enhanced oxidative stress in ALS microglia and identify the P2X7 receptor as a promising target for the development of therapeutic strategies to slow down the progression of ALS.
The Survival of Memory CD8 T Cells That Is Mediated by IL-15 Correlates with Sustained Protection Against Malaria
Authors: Zarling Stasya , Berenzon Dmitriy , Dalai Sarat , Liepinsh Dmitry , Steers Nick , Krzych Urszula
Published: April 2013

Ag-specific memory T cell responses elicited by infections or vaccinations are inextricably linked to long-lasting protective immunity. Studies of protective immunity among residents of malaria endemic areas indicate that memory responses to Plasmodium Ags are not adequately developed or maintained, as people who survive episodes of childhood malaria are still vulnerable to either persistent or intermittent malaria infections. In contrast, multiple exposures to radiation-attenuated Plasmodium berghei sporozoites (Pb γ-spz) induce long-lasting protective immunity to experimental sporozoite challenge. We previously demonstrated that sterile protection induced by Pb γ-spz is MHC class I–dependent and CD8 T cells are the key effectors. IFN-γ+ CD8 T cells that arise in Pb γ-spz–immunized B6 mice are found predominantly in the liver and are sensitive to levels of liver-stage Ag depot and they express CD44hiCD62Llo markers indicative of effector/effector memory phenotype. The developmentally related central memory CD8 T (TCM) cells express elevated levels of CD122 (IL-15Rβ), which suggests that CD8 TCM cells depend on IL-15 for maintenance. Using IL-15–deficient mice, we demonstrate in this study that although protective immunity is inducible in these mice, protection is short-lived, mainly owing to the inability of CD8 TCM cells to survive in the IL-15–deficient milieu. We present a hypothesis consistent with a model whereby intrahepatic CD8 TCM cells, being maintained by IL-15–mediated survival and basal proliferation, are conscripted into the CD8 effector/effector memory T cell pool during subsequent infections.
A Rare Case of Rosai-Dorfman Disease in an Adult Male Associated with Auto-immune Hemolytic Anemia.
Authors: Sachdeva Mickey , Abdulhaq Haifaa
Published: April 2013

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INTEREST IN DETERMINING THE CD34+ CD38- PHENOTYPE IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA IN ABIDJAN – CÔTE D’IVOIRE
Authors: Sawadogo Duni , Tolo Aissata , Kassi Hermance , Sangare Mahawa , Inwoley Andre
Published: April 2013

BackgroundIn Côte d’Ivoire, acute leukemias account for 12.5% of hematological malignancies. Acute leukemias are due to an anomaly of the stem cell characterized among other things by the expression of CD34+ CD38- surface markers. This CD34+ CD38- phenotype as well as other factors such as tumor syndrome, high leukocytosis and blasts are considered as important factors of poor prognosis. We therefore proposed to investigate the prognostic value of the expression of CD34+ CD38- markers in acute leukemias in Abidjan.MethodsWe selected 23 patients aged 33 years on whom we performed Complete Blood Count, bone marrow aspiration and immunophenotyping. To search for myeloperoxydase, smears of blood or bone marrow were stained with benzidine and revealed by the use of Hydrogen peroxide. Acute leukemias were then identified and distributed using the score proposed by the European Group for the Immunological characterization of Leukemias. The definitive diagnosis was made by combining morphological characters that serve as the basis for the French-American-British classification as well as cytochemical and immunophenotypic characters.ResultsAccording to the cytological and immunophenotypic classifications, the acute lymphoid leukemia 2 and B IV predominated. 52.2% (12/33) of patients were CD34+ CD38-. This phenotype was found in almost all cytological immunophenotypic types. The medullary invasion by blasts (reflection of the tumor mass) of the total sample of CD34+ , CD34+ CD38- patients and those not expressing CD34+ was respectively 79.4%, 81.25%, 83.3% and 74.8%.ConclusionThere was therefore no correlation between medullary blasts and the expression of CD34+ CD38-. To the factors we selected it would have been necessary to associate the study ofcytogenetic and molecular anomalies to better understand the role of CD34+ CD38- phenotype, concerning prognosis.
ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA EXPERIENCE: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND OUTCOME OF TWO DIFFERENT REGIMENS
Authors: Abbasi Salah , Maleha Faten , Shobaki Muhannad
Published: April 2013

Objectives. Accurate data about adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are lacking. We aim to assess demographics, prognostic factors, and outcome of ALL therapy at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) in Jordan, and to compare the efficacy of two protocols.Methods. We reviewed medical records of adults diagnosed and treated for ALL at KHCC from January, 2006 to December, 2010.Results. Over a 5-year period, 108 patients with ALL were treated (66 with the Hyper-CVAD regimen, and 42 with the CALGB 8811 regimen). Median age at diagnosis was 33 years, with 63% males. The most common immunophenotype was CD10-positive common ALL, and 16% have BCR-ABL translocation. Complete response (CR) rate was 88%. After a median follow-up of 32 months (range, 10-72 months), the median survival (MS) was 30 months, and CR duration (CRD) was 28 months. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of BCR-ABL translocation was the only poor prognostic factor with lower MS of 23 months (p<0.01). There was no difference in MS or CRD between the two used regimens.Conclusion. International protocols for adult ALL were successfully applied to our patients. There is no difference in efficacy between Hyper-CVAD and CALGB 8811 regimens. Future protocols for adult ALL should incorporate new targeted agents and minimal residual disease monitoring to improve outcome.
Vitamin B1 Deficiency Does not Affect the Liver Concentrations of the Other Seven Kinds of B-Group Vitamins in Rats
Authors: Shibata Katsumi , Shimizu Atsushi , Fukuwatari Tsutomu
Published: April 2013

We aimed to determine the effects of vitamin B1 deficiency on vitamin contents of urine, liver, and blood. In the current study, rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 5, each group): the first was freely fed a complete diet (ad lib-fed control group); the second freely fed a vitamin B1-free diet (vitamin B1 deficient group); and the third pair-fed a complete diet with the same amounts of the vitamin B1 deficient group (pair-fed control group). The experimental period was for 15 days. The blood concentrations of vitamin B2, PLP, vitamin B12, folic acid, and biotin were lower in the pair-fed control than in the ad lib-fed control and those of nicotinamide and pantothenic acid were the same. We conclude that Vitamin B1 deficiency did not affect concentrations of the other B-group vitamins.
Tsutsugamushi Disease Caused by Shimokoshi-Type Orientia tsutsugamushi: The First Report in Western Japan
Authors: Ikegaya Satoshi , Iwasaki Hiromichi , Takada Nobuhiro , Yamamoto Seigo , Ueda Takanori
Published: April 2013

An 85-year-old female farmer was admitted to our hospital for fever, general fatigue, and skin rash. Cephalosporin was not effective and minocycline was dramatically effective. An eschar was discovered on her inguinal region after the defervescence. Laboratory examination of serum taken 12 days after onset of the illness showed elevated titers of antibodies against the Shimokoshi strain of Orientia tsutsugamushi. The gene sequence analysis of specimen from the patient's eschar revealed high similarity to the Shimokoshi strain by nested polymerase chain reaction. Therefore, this patient was diagnosed as a case of Shimokoshi-type tsutsugamushi disease, which has not previously been reported in Western Japan. Recently, cases of this type have also been confirmed in northeastern Japan, suggesting the need for further epidemiological studies.
Evaluation of Surface Conditioning of Zirconia and Its Effect on Bonding to Resin-Luting Agent
Authors: Gargava Sonu , Ram Sabita M
Published: April 2013

Zirconia, a recently introduced ceramic exhibits excellent esthetic qualities and demonstrates outstanding flexural strength but its extensive use, requires a reliable bond of Zirconia with resinluting agent. Resin Zirconia bonding cannot be achieved as the material is resistant to common etching procedures used for other glass containing ceramics. With surface conditioning increased adhesion between Zirconia and resin-luting agent can be successfully achieved.

Aim

Aim of this study was to evaluate surface conditioning of Zirconia and its effect on bonding to resin-luting agent.

Materials and Methods

Fifteen blocks of Zirconia (VITA Zirconia) were fabricated in the laboratory according to manufacturer's instructions and embedded in acrylic resin to get 15 Zirconia samples. Fifteen composite resin cylinders were prepared one for each Zirconia sample. All the 15 Zirconia samples were divided into three groups of five samples each. Group A: Was kept as control with no surface conditioning done. Group B: Surface conditioning was done with 30 µ silicon dioxide. Group C: Surface conditioning was done with 110 µ aluminum oxide. Composite resin cylinders were cemented on the Zirconia samples using a resin-luting agent (Panavia F). The samples were subjected to universal testing machine to evaluate shear bond strength and the data was statistically analyzed by oneway ANOVA.

Results

Group A showed least shear bond strength. Shear bond strength of group C was greater than group A while group B showed highest shear bond strength.

Conclusion

Surface conditioning results in significant increase bond strength between Zirconia and resin-luting agent. Among the two methods surface conditioning with 30 µ silicon dioxide is much better and efficient method.

How to cite this article

Gargava S, Ram SM. Evaluation of Surface Conditioning of Zirconia and Its Effect on Bonding to Resin-Luting Agent. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(1):7-10.
Prevalence and Severity of Periodontal Disease in Type II Diabetes Mellitus (Noninsulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus) Patients in Gulbarga, Karnataka, India: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Patil Veena Ashok , Shivaraya Roopashree , Desai Manthan Hemant
Published: April 2013

Background/objectives

The objective was to study the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in type II DM patients in Gulbarga, Karnataka, India.

Materials and Methods

A total of 100 type II DM patients and 100 nondiabetic patients with age group of 35 to 75 years were examined. The study group was divided into well, moderate and poorly controlled diabetes based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. Information regarding age, oral hygiene habits, personal habits, diabetic status and mode of diabetic therapy was obtained. Community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) was used to assess the periodontal status. The results were statistically evaluated.

Results

The mean CPITN score and the number of missing teeth was higher in diabetics compared to nondiabetics and was statistically significant (p = 0.05). The prevalence of periodontal disease was found to be more frequent and severe in diabetic patients as compared to nondiabetics. The risk factors like glycated hemoglobin HbA1C, duration of diabetes, personal habits and oral hygiene habits showed a positive correlation with periodontal destruction, whereas mode of diabetic therapy showed negative correlation with the periodontal status.

Conclusion

Diabetic patients showed higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease compared to nondiabetics.

How to cite this article

Patil VA, Shivaraya R, Desai MH. Prevalence and Severity of Periodontal Disease in Type II Diabetes Mellitus (Noninsulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus) Patients in Gulbarga, Karnataka, India: An Epidemiological Study. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(1):32-35.
Effect of Oxygen on Ethanol Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility: Part 1—Electrochemical Response and Cracking-Susceptible Potential Region
Authors: Cao Liu , Frankel G.S. , Sridhar N.
Published: April 2013

It is known that dissolved oxygen promotes stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel in fuel-grade ethanol. The effects of oxygen on ethanol SCC were investigated using controlled-potential tests in deaerated simulated fuel-grade ethanol (SFGE) with supporting electrolytes. The effects of applied anodic potentials and supporting electrolyte on the electrochemical response of steel were investigated using micro-electrodes. The cracking susceptibility was reproduced in potentiostatic slow strain rate (SSR) tests in the absence of dissolved oxygen. Under potential control, SCC only occurs in a specific potential region, roughly −50 mV vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) ~ 300 mVSCE. The cracking susceptibility is well characterized by secondary cracks on the necked section of the SSR samples and brittle attack along the perimeter of fracture surface. No evidence was found for the presence of ethanol oxidation products, which had been hypothesized to be responsible for the cracking susceptibility.
Accelerated Atmospheric Corrosion Testing of Ag
Authors: Lin Huang , Frankel G.S.
Published: April 2013

Corrosion behavior of Ag in atmospheres containing humidity and ozone (O3), with sodium chloride (NaCl) surface contamination and ultraviolet (UV) illumination, has attracted strong interest recently because of the failure of ASTM B117 testing for Ag. This paper further investigates the effects of these parameters on Ag corrosion by laboratory exposure in a home-built environment chamber. Corrosion products were identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and quantified by galvanostatic reduction after exposures in different environments. The corrosion rate of Ag decreased as relative humidity (RH) increased in the presence of O3 and UV. The morphology of exposed Ag was also affected by RH. UV causes both photoreduction of silver chloride (AgCl) back to metallic Ag as well as an increase in the Ag corrosion rate because of O3 photolysis. Fuzzy analysis indicates that RH is a more significant factor affecting Ag corrosion than O3 or UV. The corrosion rate of Ag at Daytona Beach, Florida, also was predicted successfully by artificial neural network fitting of lab exposure results.
Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking Analysis in Alloy 600 Steam Generator Nozzle of a Pressurized Water Reactor
Authors: Hwang Seong Sik , Lim Yun Soo , Kim Sung Woo
Published: April 2013

Steam generator (SG) drain nozzles on the cold leg side in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) have exhibited stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The nozzles were made of forged and annealed Alloy 600 (UNS N06600) base material containing welds with Alloys 82 (UNS N06082) and 182 (UNS W86182). Carbides were distributed at the grain boundaries, but no grain boundary Cr depletion was observed in the base metal. Circumferential cracks developed at the root of a J weld inside a thick wall pipe. Axial cracks were distributed with a length around 6 mm to 10 mm long. All cracks were initiated from the inner surface of the pipe. Some more shallow cracks were also observed, but they were not detected by the field non-destructive examination using eddy current test (ECT) and ultrasound test (UT). Two out of the 12 cracks penetrated through the pipe wall, and therefore the primary water was leaking during the operation. The high tensile stress region calculated by a finite element modeling (FEM) model coincided with the crack locations. The highest tensile stress region was at the root of the J weld, as judged from metallography and residual stress analyses. Residual tensile stresses from welding are considered to be the main contributor to the overall stress.
Time-to-Corrosion Initiation of Chloride-Exposed Reinforced Concrete Considering Time Dependence of the Diffusion Coefficient
Authors: Hartt William H.
Published: April 2013

Previous research reported an equation whereby the fraction of electrochemically independent, identically exposed reinforced concrete elements for which corrosion initiation has resulted after a given time can be calculated. The approach considers that all relevant variables (surface Cl− concentration, effective Cl− diffusion coefficient [D], concrete cover, and critical Cl− concentration threshold to initiate corrosion) conform to a distribution rather than being discrete, as is now known to be the case. Upon inputting distribution parameters for the above variables into the equation, the fraction of elements that have initiated corrosion after a designated time is determined. Upon repeating the calculation for different times, a cumulative distribution function plot for occurrence of corrosion initiation results. Previously, the mean and standard deviation of the above variables were assumed to be constant with time. It is generally recognized, however, that D decreases with time according to a power law expression in response to progressive cement hydration. In the present study, the extent of corrosion initiation was investigated considering this time dependence for D. Implications of the results with regard to the evolution of corrosion initiation are discussed.
O sistema "UFSC sem papel” sob a perspectiva da inovação
Authors: Silva Naira , Jacobsen Alessandra de Linhares , Almeida Mário de Souza , De Olivo Luis Carlos Cancellier
Published: April 2013

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o sistema de informação “UFSC sem papel” sob a ótica da inovação. Para tanto, fez-se uso da pesquisa descritiva e do estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa. Apresenta uma perspectiva de estudo transversal, considerando-se o período compreendido entre outubro de 2011 a novembro de 2011. Trata-se, ainda, de uma pesquisa de campo, bibliográfica. O sujeito da pesquisa, escolhido por tipicidade, foi o superintendente da Superintendência de Governança Eletrônica e Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (SeTIC), da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada a entrevista semi-estruturada, a partir de um roteiro, sendo os dados analisados por meio da técnica pattern-matching. O sistema analisado é uma inovação técnica e radical, com efeitos sobre o âmbito administrativo, sendo dividido em módulos para a gestão dos processos administrativos (protocolo), de compras e licitações, de patrimônio e de materiais e almoxarifado. A sua finalidade é modernizar as atividades administrativas, reduzindo o uso de papel e gerando maior rapidez na tramitação dos documentos, mais transparência e maior eficiência na execução dos processos da organização. Em termos de desenvolvimento e aquisição da citada inovação, a UFSC fez opção pela compra de um pacote pronto, mas a implantação foi acompanhada pela equipe da SeTIC. Há certa preocupação com relação à falta de habilidade das pessoas em utilizá-lo. Conclui-se sobre a necessidade de conduzir uma apurada análise do sistema “UFSC sem Papel”, para que tal inovação possa ser bem sucedida.
A Visão Baseada em Recursos da Inteligência Competitiva
Authors: De Oliveira Paulo Henrique , Gonçalves Carlos Alberto , De Paula Edmar Aderson Mendes
Published: April 2013

Neste artigo analisa-se a importância da Inteligência Competitiva (IC) como uma capacidade estratégica para as organizações contemporâneas, especialmente para àquelas instaladas em ambientes caracterizados por uma intensa e dinâmica competição. A discussão acontece no contexto da Visão Baseada em Recursos (Resource-Based View, no inglês), uma das mais importantes correntes teóricas do campo da estratégica que busca explicar o fenômeno da vantagem competitiva a partir do controle de recursos e capacidades diferenciados pelas organizações. Como suposição inicial, acredita-se que o valor estratégico da IC está concentrado, principalmente, no conhecimento tácito dos seus profissionais e nos relacionamentos construídos ao longo do tempo (path dependence) com seus pares e tomadores de decisões estratégicas de suas respectivas organizações, uma vez que os mesmos não podem ser imitados ou desenvolvidos rapidamente pelos concorrentes, conforme sugerem os estudos de autores como Wernerfelt (1984), Nonaka e Takeuchi (1995), Barney (1986a, 1991, 2001), Dierickx e Cool (1989), Mahoney e Pandian (1992), Amit e Schoemaker (1993) e Grant (1991, 1996).