bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
​Effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent on the Growth of Maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Ewelike N.C. , Orji J.C. , Adieze I.E , Ogwudire V.E. , Uzoho B.U. , Ukaoma A.
Published: July 2021

Background: Raw palm oil mill effluent is toxic effluent capable of posing serious threat to plants when discharged to the environment. In developing countries, the untreated effluent is often discharged to the surrounding land due to high cost associated with its treatment. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of palm oil mill effluent treated with locally available material on the growth of maize. Methods: The bunch ash obtained from local material by burning de-fruited oil palm bunch was used for the treatment. The experiment was consisted of eight treatments of concentrations of palm oil mill effluent viz 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0%, 7.0% and 8.0%. The treatment was carried out on potted maize plants with six replications. Four kilograms of soil was weighed into each pot. Six pots were labelled as control, with untreated palm oil mill effluent added to them. Eight other groups consisting of six pots each were treated with 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0%, 7.0% and 8.0% concentrations of the effluent. The maize seeds were planted one in each pot to avoid overcrowding. The pots were transferred to greenhouse and each pot was moistened daily with the specified concentration of the palm oil mill effluent. The growth rate, plant height and leaf length of the maize plants were thereafter determined. Result: The 8.0% concentration of bunch ash in the effluent had the highest expected effect on all the parameters whereas the control gave the lowest expected effect. The effects increased as the concentration of bunch ash in the effluent increased, indicating that increased concentration of bunch ash recorded significant increase in growth rate, height and leaf length of maize. The analysis of variance for the obtained data showed that the effects of the different concentrations were significantly different. This study provides an alternative and cost effective method of ameliorating the toxicity of palm oil mill effluent to plants.
​​Estimation of Total Factor Productivity Growth of Major Pulse Crops in Rajasthan, India
Authors: Verma Devendra Kumar , Singh Hari , Burark S.S. , Suman Jitendra , Lal Priyanka
Published: July 2021

Background: Pulses, supplemented with cereals, provide a perfect mix of vegetarian protein of high biological value. The productivity of pulses in India is less than half of the productivity levels in the USA and Canada. Present investigation was aimed to Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth in three pulse crops in the state of Rajasthan from 2000-01 to 2017-18. Methods: In the current study, the Tornqvist Theil Index was used to compute the total output index, total input index and total factor productivity index. The Tornqvist Index is exact for the homogenous translog production function that can deliver a second order approximation to an arbitrary twice differentiable homogenous production function. The translog function does not require perfect substitutes for inputs. If the relative price of input increases, the producer decreases its use (substituting other inputs) until all marginal productivities are proportional to the new prices. Result: The results of this study has indicates low TFP in Gram (0.98%) despite a 59.23 per cent share in the total pulse output of the state. The annual compound growth rate of TFP of black gram increased at the rate of 1.11 per cent per annum (moderate growth) and the contribution of TFP to output growth was low; at about 41.63. Whereas, the compound growth rate of TFP of annual green gram crop increased at the 2.38 per cent per annum (high growth) while its TFP to output growth was about 66.43 per cent. The real cost of production of gram, black gram and green gram crop increased by 0.77, 1.49 and 1.57 per cent per annum, respectively.
New challenges in teaching and learning of administrative studies – Digitisation / digitalisation and innovative pedagogies
Authors: Iucu Oana
Published: July 2021

The very rapid transition to the online teaching and learning system, without sufficient training and not proper adapted to the educational needs of students (already migrated to virtual environments and digital tools), has produced some visible dysfunctions, especially in informal interactions with students. Dimensions investigated using a methodology based on the survey’s technique aimed at types of academic activities carried out during the period dedicated to online activities, participation in online activities of ‘synchronous’ type – face to face – categories of online applications used, types of platforms for asynchronous activities and classical teaching strategies most commonly used in association with online educational techniques. The population was represented by students and teachers from the fields of study administrative studies and academic categories that will provide a serious input for formulating conclusions. We propose to launch a practical module for the training of university professors on the innovative pedagogies applied to the administrative sciences and law academic fields.
 
Keywords: Teaching and learning, administrative studies, digitalisation / digitisation, innovative pedagogies.
Assessment of academic achievements and memorisation power of students by concept map strategy and traditional lecture approach
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad
Published: July 2021

The challenges in the 21st century have made learning a complex process. In this age, new and conceptual learning strategies are being used to compete with the challenges. The concept map learning strategy has shown positive influences on students’ academic achievements and quality of education. This learning strategy has also showed a significant effect on students’ critical thinking skills. A research study has been conducted to assess the students’ academic achievements and memorisation power by concept map learning strategy and traditional learning approach. The students of a primary school studying in fifth grade in general course for section A (concept map learning strategy) and section B (Traditional lecture learning strategy) were assessed. The descriptive statistics and t-test analysis were also carried out on the results obtained from the students by concept map and traditional learning strategies. Statistical analysis showed that concept map learning strategy improved the students’ academic achievements and memorisation power significantly.

 

Keywords: Critical thinking skills, learning skills, microbiology, strategies, primary school.
Mejora al Proceso de Monitoreo Continuo de Vulnerabilidades
Authors:   , Leon Vidalon Igmar , Medina Ampuero Pablo Jorge
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo mejorar el proceso de Monitoreo Continuo de Vulnerabilidades de la gerencia de Operaciones de Seguridad Tecnológica lo cual contribuye en gran medida a estar prevenidos y mitigar en gran medida cualquier problema que pueda aprovechar una amenaza externa e interna de Mibanco. El presente trabajo de investigación contiene seis capítulos entre los principales la definición del Marco Teórico, se desarrollaron los principales conceptos, antecedentes y se definieron las palabras claves relacionadas al tema principal del presente trabajo de investigación; en el capítulo de Desarrollo del Proyecto se evidenciara el problema con más detalle donde se formula el problema principal y el objetivo de mejora el cual estaría enfocado en la reducción sustancial de tiempo con el apoyo de tecnologías de información.
EvidǦncias de cuidado do enfermeiro aos homens com cǽncer de pr��stata: revisǜo integrativa
Authors: Peloso-Carvalho Bianca De Moura , Moraes Camila Mendon��a , Nascimento Murilo CǸsar , Sawada Namie Okino , Dazio Eliza Maria Rezende , Fava Silvana Maria  Coelho Leite
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar evidǦncias das necessidades de suporte de cuidados aos homens com cǽncer de pr��stata em seguimento e tratamento atendidos por enfermeiros. MǸtodo: Revisǜo integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados: PubMed e CINAHL, em inglǦs, portuguǦs e espanhol, publicados entre 2009 a 2019, com o cruzamento dos descritores �_oProstatic Neoplasms�__, �_oMasculinity�__, �_oHealth Services Needs and Demand�__, �_oNeeds assessment�__, �_oNursing Care�__, �_oComprehensive Health Care�__, �_oOncology Nursing�__. Encontrados 2425 artigos e atenderam aos critǸrios de inclusǜo seis artigos. Para a extra��ǜo e anǭlise dos dados, utilizaram-se instrumentos validados. Resultados: As interven����es educativas, o planejamento individual coparticipativo e o acompanhamento longitudinal foram as principais a����es desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros, valorizados pelos cuidados oferecidos. Conclusǜo: A s��ntese do conhecimento direciona para a importǽncia do enfermeiro no cuidado ao homem com cǽncer de pr��stata e para a elabora��ǜo de planos de cuidados inovadores e compartilhados, fundamentados nas necessidades e nas melhores evidǦncias.
Death Penalty in Indonesia: Revisiting the Debate Between the Retentionist and the Abolitionist
Authors: Salam Abdul Jalil , Karim Zahlul Pasha
Published: July 2021

Historically, Indonesia's death penalty does not originate from religious doctrine but a series of democratization processes agreed upon in the legislation. Amidst these processes, two competing opinions respond to Indonesia's death penalty: the retentionist and the abolitionist. These different approaches to address the death penalty, whether imposed or abolished, result in competing perspectives and arguments in regulatory and practical issues both in the national and international arena. This study aimed to revisit the death penalty discourse in Indonesia that opposes the human approach by assuming that the death penalty violates human rights. The data were analyzed in three steps, among other things, unitization, comparison, and conclusion. This study showed that the death penalty remains relevant to Indonesia despite the long struggle of its rejection. It concluded that Indonesia's imposition of the death penalty is regarded as worth defending, with specific and selective applications. The specific application means that the death penalty is applicable for corruptors, drug dealers, terrorists, gross human rights violators, and premeditated murders. Selective application means that a convict sentenced to death must be proven in court with a level of accuracy considered and accepted in law.

KEYWORDS: Death Penalty, Criminal Law, Right to Life, Indonesian Law.
The Legal Aspect of Consumers' Protection from Pop-Up Advertisements in Indonesia
Authors: Prastyanti Rina Arum , Yafi Eiad , Wardiono Kelik , Budiono Arief
Published: July 2021

Pop-up advertisements have become prevalent on websites. When users click on the banner, they navigate a separate window; banner and pop-up advertisements contain attractive audio-visual and animated graphics. This intrusive advertising has not explicitly regulated Indonesia's current legislation, including Electronic Transaction and Information Law 11/2008 (ITE Law). Also, it is exempted in the Indonesian Pariwara Ethics, guidelines for advertising ethics and procedure in Indonesia. This study aimed to revisit consumers’ protection toward pop-up advertisements in Indonesia, with two main discussions. First, it discussed online consumers' perceptions of pop-up advertisements and the classification of their responses. Second, it enquired to what extent the legal and ethics protection for online consumers in Indonesia. By using empirical legal research, this study concluded that the ITE Law prohibits anyone from spreading online information with content that violates immorality and gambling, as it often contains in pop-up advertisements. Through the lens of business ethics, pop-up advertisements are new media and they should not be installed in such a way as to interfere with the freedom of internet users, given that pop-up advertisements do not reflect the ethics of honesty, trust, and advice in business.

KEYWORDS: Consumers’ Protection, Online Advertisements, Business Ethics.
Operative treatment of deep infiltrating endometriosis with bowel involvement. A clinical case
Authors:   Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Tskhay V.B. , Khudyakov A. ,   GTK- Krefeld, Terjung A. ,   GTK- Krefeld, Polstianoy A.M. ,   Federal Siberian Research Clinical Centre FMBA of Russia, Westernhagen M.v. ,   GTK- Krefeld, Avazashvili Z. ,   Helios Medical Center Krefeld, Füllers U. ,   GTK- Krefeld, Friedrich M. ,   Helios Medical Center Krefeld, Polstianay O.Ju. ,   Federal Siberian Research Clinical Centre FMBA of Russia
Published: July 2021

Deep infiltrating endometriosis with bowel involvement remains the most difficultly treated form of the endometriosis. It is defined as endometriosis penetrating greater than 5mm beneath the peritoneum. Treatment of severe forms of deep infiltrating endometriosis with bowel wall involvement is one of the most complex issues in modern surgical gynaecology. Efficacy of the multidisciplinary approach to operative treatment of patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis and bowel involvement is demonstrated via an example of our own clinical case.
Сomparative analysis of outcomes of chronic pancreatitis surgical treatment
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk Interdistrict Clinical Hospital No. 20, Sled N.Yu. , Sled O.N. ,   Krasnoyarsk Interdistrict Clinical Hospital No. 20, Merzlikin N.V. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tskhai V.F. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Bushlanov P.S. ,   Siberian State Medical University
Published: July 2021

Aim of study. To compare short-term and long-term outcomes of surgical treatment for patients with chronic pancreatitis. Material and methods. In the period of 2002-2020, a total of 123 patients underwent surgery for treatment of complications associated with chronic pancreatitis. The patients were divided into three groups depending on the type of intervention. Patients in Group 1 underwent drainage (n=46), patients in Group 2 underwent resection (n=26) and patients in Group 3 combined resection and draining procedures (n=51). Results. After Roux-en-Y cystojejunostomy of cysts in distal parts of the pancreas(n=11), the amount of complications was lower (3 (27 [6; 61]%)) than after distal resection (n=20): 10 (50 [27; 73]%)), and the quality of life (SF-36) was higher in the long term (PSC: 55.75, MCS: 53.53 against PCS: 48.09, MCS – 49,72) after resection repair. The frequency of postoperative complications and lethality rate were higher in patients after different variants of sparing resection of pancreatic parenchyma with duct system drainage than in the group of patients treated with longitudinal cystojejunostomy. In the long term, lower lethality (5 [0; 23]%; p<0.05) and a higher level of physical (PCS – 61.31) and mental (MCS – 61.73) health were registered after the original variant of combined resection and draining intervention in comparison with traditional pancreatojejunostomy and duodenum-preserving surgery. Conclusion. Draining interventions on pancreatic cysts in distal parts of the pancreas is accompanied by better immediate and long-term results. Drainage without consideration for changes in the pancreatic head leads to a higher recurrence rate (27 [8; 55]%, р=0.013). Immediate results of the proposed combined resection and draining intervention are comparable with duodenum-preserving surgery but are characterised by lower mortality (5 [0; 23]%, р=0.06) and higher quality of life (SF-36) in the long term.
KOMPONEN KIMIA ORGANIK LIMA JENIS ASAP CAIR
Authors: Adi Saputra Nur , Komarayati Sri , Gusmailina , Gusmailina
Published: July 2021

Beberapa tanaman seperti kakao (Theobroma cacao), alpukat (Persea americana), puspa (Schima wallichii), sengon (Falcataria mollucana) dan tarik angin (Usnea sp.) banyak ditanam di masyarakat untuk kebutuhan buah-buahan atau kayu. Secara periodik, masyarakat memanen jenis-jenis tersebut untuk dimanfaatkan kayunya atau peremajaan tanaman. Pada umumnya, sortimen kayu digunakan untuk konstruksi sederhana, atau dibakar. Selain teknik pembakaran konvensional untuk menghasilkan arang, ada produk lain yang dapat dihasilkan yaitu asap cair menggunakan teknik pembakaran dengan menambahkan kondensor untuk menghasilkan asap cair. Asap cair memiliki kandungan kimia organik dengan beragam manfaat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan kimia organik jenis asap cair dari jenis kayu kakao, kayu alpukat, kayu puspa, kayu sengon dan kayu tarik angin. Kelima jenis material studi dikarbonisasi menggunakan reaktor pirolisis pada suhu 400°C. Asap cair didapat dengan cara kondensasi uap karbonisasi kelima jenis tersebut. Analisis kandungan kimia organik asap cair menggunakan kromatografi gas-spektrometer massa (Gas Chromatography Mass Spektophotometry, GCMS) Pirolisys Type QP2010 dan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Analisis GCMS menunjukkan bahwa asap cair kayu kakao memiliki konsentrasi kelompok asam tertinggi, yaitu 45,53%, sementara konsentrasi asam asetatnya adalah 31,81%. Kehadiran kelompok fenol tertinggi terdapat pada asap cair kayu alpukat sebanyak 56,86%, di mana konsentrasi senyawa fenol mencapai 41,92%. Kelompok asam dan fenol merupakan jenis senyawa yang terkandung pada asap cair dan memiliki manfaat yang luas.
Cellular Communication Propagation at Drone around Building Environment with Single Knife Edge at 10 GHz
Authors: Eska Andrita Ceriana
Published: July 2021

The drone communication systems used a cellular network for controlling a drone from a long distance. That communication propagations between drone and base station were analyzed. The drone moved at the track around building environment. That environment used variations in building height. The communication propagation around building environment caused diffraction mechanism. Single knife edge method is used for that diffraction mechanism. The frequency of communication used 10 GHz. That frequency was influenced by atmospheric attenuation. This research was using some variations such as height of drone track location, transmitter power, and AMC (Adaptive Modulation Coding). MCS (Modulation Coding Scheme) was used AMC such as QPSK, 16 QAM, and 64 QAM. Some result was obtained at this research consist of LOS and NLOS distance, SNR, MCS probability, and percentage of drone coverage. NLOS propagation was caused by building height. The SNR value become increase when higher at drone position, such as drone was moving at 20 meters with height of flying drone 80 m and transmitter power 30 dBm obtained SNR 38.21 dBm. That SNR is affected AMC, so a higher SNR value increases AMC. The drone’s coverage 100%, with a height of flying drone 80 meters and transmitter power of 30 dBm. That condition showed more increasing coverage percentage than 64.8% for height of flying drone 20 meters and transmitter power 30 dBm. That result showed that more drone height increased of coverage percentage, probability modulation, and SNR value.
Planning of Indoor Femtocell Network for LTE 2300 MHz on Railways Carriages Using Radiowave Propagation Simulator 5.4
Authors: Naufallia Adisti Nabilah , Isnawati Anggun Fitrian , Ni’amah Khoirun
Published: July 2021

The indoor communication system is a system to solve the problem of weak signals received by placing a Femtocell Access Point (FAP) indoor area. The design of an indoor cellular communication network system is carried out using the Radiowave Propagation Simulator 5.4. The parameters observed were Received Signal Level (RSL) and Signal to Interface Ratio (SIR). The case study is the passenger carriage of the executive, business and economy passenger class. The research includes link budget calculations based on coverage and capacity by considering the type of train carriage material and train passenger capacity. The calculation results based on capacity obtained 1 FAP for executive and business class train passenger cars, while economy class train passenger cars obtained 2 FAP. The best scenario for executive class namely scenario 1A, the receiver gets average RSL of approximately -32.26 dBm and SIR of 0 dB. The best scenario for business class namely scenario 2A, the receiver gets average RSL of approximately -32.57 dBm and SIR of 0 dB.  The best scenario for economy class namely scenario 3A, the receiver gets average RSL of approximately -29.80 dBm and the receiver gets average SIR of approximately 6.97 dB
The Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET)
Authors: Chen Ji-Ming
Published: July 2021

To establish a comprehensive and comprehensible evolutionary theory, and to use this theory to bridge physics, biology, and social sciences, we employ the concept carbon-based entities (CBEs), which include methane, glucose, proteins, organisms, and other entities chemically containing carbon atoms. We deduce the steps, driving forces, and mechanisms of evolution of CBEs through integration of geology, physics, chemistry, and biology. We hence establish the Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET), which suggests that evolution is the increase in the amount, diversity, and fitness of higher-hierarchy CBEs under natural selection and driven by the organic synthesis tendency on the Earth from the thermodynamic features of the Earth. It provides better explanations for various evolutionary issues and social issues (e.g. life origin, natural selection, neutral mutation, diversity importance, and altruism) than previous theories. It refutes some incorrect views (e.g. negative entropy) in thermodynamics on evolution. The CBET could have great significance in various sciences.
Normal and Abnormal Human Face Detection Based on DCT and FFT Techniques - A Proposed Method
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Samir , Dutta Shawni , Goyal Vishal , Bose Payal
Published: July 2021

In today’s world face detection is the most important task. Due to the chromosomes disorder sometimes a human face suffers from different abnormalities. For example, one eye is bigger than the other, cliff face, different chin-length, variation of nose length, length or width of lips are different, etc. For computer vision currently this is a challenging task to detect normal and abnormal face and facial parts from an input image. In this research paper a method is proposed that can detect normal or abnormal faces from a frontal input image. This method used Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and Discrete Cosine Transformation of frequency domain and spatial domain analysis to detect those faces.
An Analysis of Students’ Perception of University Sustainability Programs and Image
Authors: Adeyanju Samuel
Published: July 2021

As sustainability gains significance within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) worldwide, the University of British Columbia (UBC) stands as one of the global champions of sustainability. In 2019, Times Higher Education ranked UBC as number one in the world for taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts and ranked one in Canada for making cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. Over the years, UBC students have been instrumental to sustainability on the UBC campus by advocating for divestment, climate justice, and other sustainability commitments and projects in the university. Hence, this qualitative study examines students’ engagement with or their perception of the university’s sustainability programs and image. The study found that students acknowledged and commended the university’s sustainability efforts in teaching, research, providing sustainability-related opportunities for students, and in sustainability operations. However, students also addressed hesitation on the part of university administration in championing climate justice and bolder climate action. The conclusion is that continued support and engagement with students are critical for UBC to achieve its climate action plans and sustainability goals in general. The study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the influential role of young people and the youth climate movement in catalyzing ambitious global climate action at all levels.
2D-Heterostructure Photonic Crystal Formation for On-Chip Polarization Division Multiplexing
Authors: Kazanskiy Nikolay L. , Butt Muhammad Ali , Khonina Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: July 2021

Herein, we offer a numerical study on the devising of a unique 2D-heterostructure Photonic crystal (PC) that can split two orthogonally polarized light waves. The analysis is performed via a two-dimensional finite element method (2D-FEM) by utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics software. The device consists of two discrete designs of PC formation. The first PC formation is optimized so that it permits both TE and TM-polarization of light to transmit through it. Whereas the second PC formation possesses a Photonic Bandgap (PBG) only for TE-polarized light. These two formations are combined at an angle of 45 degrees, resulting in a reflection of self-collimated TE-polarized light at an angle of 90 degrees owing to the PBG present in the second PC formation. While permitting the self-collimated TM-polarized light wave to travel uninterrupted. The proposed device has a small footprint of ~10.5 μm2 offering low transmission loss and high polarization extinction ratio which makes it an ideal candidate to be employed as an on-chip polarization division multiplexing system.
Primary School Physical Education at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Could Online Teaching Undermine Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Work Engagement?
Authors: Gobbi Erica , Bertollo Maurizio , Colangelo Alessandra , Carraro Attilio , di Fronso Selenia
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to evaluate whether primary school classroom teachers reported changes in physical education teaching self-efficacy (SE-PE) and work engagement (WE) during the first COVID-19 wave. Six-hundred-twenty-two classroom teachers filled in an online questionnaire on SE-PE and WE, referring to before and during the lockdown, and on perceived digital competence. While controlling for perceived digital competence, a mixed between-within Repeated Measures Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (RM-MANCOVA) was performed, with a two-time (before vs. during the lockdown) and three age-categories (≤40 vs. 41-50 vs. ≥51 years) factorial design. The RM-MANCOVA revealed that perceived digital competence significantly adjusted teachers’ SE-PE and WE values (p<0.001). The analysis yielded a significant multivariate main effect by time (p< 0.001) and by time × age-categories (p=0.001). Follow-up univariate ANCOVA showed significant differences by time in teachers’ SE-PE (p<0.001) and WE (p < 0.001), with a reduction of both values from before to during the lockdown. A Bonferroni post hoc pairwise comparisons showed teachers’ SE-PE significantly decreased in all age categories (p<0.001). The present findings confirm the importance of promoting SE-PE among primary school teachers, regardless of the crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers’ self-efficacy and WE are essential to master the challenges of PE teaching.
Efeitos rendimento escolar, infraestrutura e prática docente na qualidade do ensino médio no Brasil
Authors: Alexandrino Garcia Ricardo , Luiz Gonçalves Rios-Neto Eduardo , Miranda-Ribeiro Adriana de
Published: July 2021

O artigo identifica e discute fatores escolares que mais influenciam a qualidade do ensino médio no Brasil: rendimento escolar, infraestrutura ou prática docente. Foram utilizados os dados do Censo Escolar e do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio. A técnica de mineração de dados levantou características-chave para o bom desempenho escolar. Um modelo de regressão logística identificou os fatores escolares que mais influenciam o desempenho escolar dos alunos da rede pública de ensino médio regular no Brasil. Investigaram-se, também, os diferenciais de desempenho escolar de alunos do ensino médio segundo o tipo de escola e tipo de ensino, bem como os diferenciais interestaduais, considerando o sistema público de ensino médio regular. Os resultados apontam que alunos de escolas estaduais estão em desvantagem e que os de escolas privadas e federais possuem desempenho semelhante, quando considerado apenas o tipo de escola. Ao se levar em conta também o tipo de ensino, os alunos do ensino regular das escolas federais apresentam o melhor desempenho, cerca de 1,3 vez maior do que o dos alunos das escolas estaduais. Não há grandes disparidades interestaduais, embora os resultados apontem diferenciação regional. Dentre os fatores escolares, a qualificação docente se mostrou o fator mais impactante no desempenho escolar.
Diga-me com quem moras que eu te direi quem és: oscilações na captação de indígenas nos censos demográficos brasileiros
Authors: Campos Marden
Published: July 2021

Os censos demográficos são uma importante fonte de informações sobre as condições de vida dos povos indígenas no Brasil. Diferentes explicações têm sido dadas para as variações observadas nos volumes de indígenas captados entre os censos. Os motivos para tais oscilações ancoram-se em análises da dinâmica demográfica dessas populações, assim como na influência dos processos de reconhecimento identitário e autodeterminação nos totais enumerados nas pesquisas. Desconhecem-se, contudo, estudos que investiguem o impacto das metodologias de coleta do censo sobre os resultados encontrados para a população indígena. O presente ensaio analisa os resultados dos últimos censos nacionais do Brasil para os indígenas segundo a composição de seus domicílios por cor ou raça dos moradores, assim como por região de residência e localização rural ou urbana dos mesmos. As análises indicam que alterações no formato de realização de entrevistas observadas nos últimos dois censos demográficos possivelmente tiveram impacto no perfil domiciliar dos indígenas captados e, consequentemente, no volume de indígenas recenseados no país. Esse impacto teria contribuído, inclusive, para uma redução daqueles que residiam nas áreas urbanas do país.
The Development of Augmented Reality Application to Explore Fluid Concepts
Authors: Permana Handjoko , Bakri Fauzi , Salsabila Indah Hanifa , Ambarwulan Diah , Muliyati Dewi , Sumardani Dadan
Published: July 2021

Exploration can be done by reading, discussing, or experimenting with collecting and processing data. In fluid material, students can explore by looking at the phenomena related to the application of Archimedes' law, Pascal's law, and Bernoulli's law. This study aims to develop teaching materials that can improve students' ability to explore fluid material. The research method used is the 4D model development research. The study results were in marker applications and augmented reality, which was validated by material experts, learning media. This application has also gone through field trials. The validation value of material experts is 86%, and media experts are 82.5%. Meanwhile, the test results for the teacher obtained 83.75%, and the students obtained 83.45%. Based on the validation results, this media is feasible to be used as a learning medium that helps students improve fluid material.
Мониторинг и прогноз развития эпидемии COVID-19 в г. Москва: выбор моделей на основе технологии сбалансированной идентификации (сентябрь 2021)
Authors: Соколов Александр , Соколова Любовь
Published: July 2021

Любая математическая модель является отражением знаний об исследуемом объекте. В работе показано, как накопление информации (статистических данных и знаний) о пандемии COVID‑19 приводит к уточнению математических моделей, к расширению области их использования. Построенная в результате модель удовлетворительно описывает динамику заболеваемости COVID-19 в г. Москва с 19.03.2020 по 01.09.2021 и может использоваться для прогноза с горизонтом в несколько месяцев. Основным внутренним механизмом, определяющим динамику модели, является коллективный иммунитет. Мониторинг ситуации в г. Москва пока (до 01.09.2021) не выявил заметной сезонности заболевания и заметного повышения заразности (из-за появления штамма Дельта). Приводятся результаты использования технологии сбалансированной идентификации для мониторинга пандемии COVID-19:

• модели, соответствующие данным, доступным в различные моменты времени (с марта 2020 по август 2021);

• полученные новые знания (зависимости);

• прогнозы третьей и четвертой волны в г. Москва.

Обсуждаются трудности, возникшие после 01.09.2021, и направления дальнейшего модифицирования модели.
Cost Analysis of Volar Plate Fixation Versus Plaster Cast Immobilization for Intra-Articular Distal Radial Fractures
Authors: Selles C.A. , Mulders M.A.M. , van Dieren S. , Goslings J.C. , Schep N.W.L. ,   the VIPAR Collaborators
Published: July 2021

Background:

The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility between plaster cast immobilization and volar plate fixation for acceptably reduced intra-articular distal radial fractures.

Methods:

A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted as part of a randomized controlled trial comparing operative (volar plate fixation) with nonoperative (plaster cast immobilization) treatment in patients between 18 and 75 years old with an acceptably reduced intra-articular distal radial fracture. Health-care utilization and use of resources per patient were documented prospectively and included direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs. All analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle.

Results:

The mean total cost per patient was $291 (95% bias-corrected and accelerated confidence interval [bcaCI] = −$1,286 to $1,572) higher in the operative group compared with the nonoperative group. The mean total number of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained at 12 months was significantly higher in the operative group than in the nonoperative group (mean difference = 0.15; 95% bcaCI = 0.056 to 0.243). The difference in the cost per QALY (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER]) was $2,008 (95% bcaCI = −$9,608 to $18,222) for the operative group compared with the nonoperative group, which means that operative treatment is more effective but also more expensive. Subgroup analysis including only patients with a paid job showed that the ICER was −$3,500 per QALY for the operative group with a paid job compared with the nonoperative group with a paid job, meaning that operative treatment is more effective and less expensive for patients with a paid job.

Conclusions:

The difference in QALYs gained for the operatively treated group was equivalent to an additional 55 days of perfect health per year. In adult patients with an acceptably reduced intra-articular distal radial fracture, operative treatment is a cost-effective intervention, especially in patients with paid employment. Operative treatment is slightly more expensive than nonoperative treatment but provides better functional results and a better quality of life.

Level of Evidence:

Economic and Decision Analysis Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A contextual semi assisted project-based learning (SA-PjBL) about ocean wave energy: Creative thinking of pre-service physics teachers
Authors: Satriawan Muhammad , Liliasari Liliasari , Setiawan Wawan , Abdullah Ade Gafar , Rosmiati Rosmiati
Published: July 2021

One of the factors that have become an obstacle in the development of techno-logy to use ocean wave energy as a renewable energy source is the lack of human resources who have expertise in this field. Therefore, in the long term, it is necessary to introduce basic knowledge to the young generation about wave energy and other renew-able energies and even must equip them with important skills such as creative thinking skills. This study aims to introduce students to how to utilize ocean waves as renewable energy while at the same time developing student creative thinking skills through semi-assisted project-based learning. This type of research is weak experiment research with one group pretest-posttest design research. The research was conducted on 31 pre-service physics physics teachers who were taking environmental physics lectures at a teacher training university in West Nusa Tenggara. The performance appraisal data were analyzed descriptively while the test result data were analyzed using the N-gain and the Wilcoxon test. Based on the results of data analysis, it was obtained  = 0.725, which means that there was a high increase in students' mastery of the concept of using ocean waves as a renewable energy source. In addition, the results of the performance appraisal data (score > 3) indicated that at each stage of learning, students were provided with indicators of creative thinking skills with very satisfied categories. Therefore, it can be concluded that environmental physics lectures using semi-assisted project-based learning able to improve students' mastery of concepts and creative thinking skills.
The Continental Crust beneath the Western Amerasia Basin: Mechanisms of Subsidence
Authors: Artyushkov E.V. , Smirnov O.E. , Chekhovich O.E.
Published: July 2021

—The western part of the large Amerasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean comprises the smaller basins of Podvodnikov and Makarov. Judging by the sedimentary structure and the crustal subsidence history, both basins were developed on the continental crust despite their 3–4 km water depths. By the early Miocene, prior to the rapid formation of the basins, the crustal surface had been close to the sea level for a long time. Lithospheric stretching had a minor input to the subsidence, which was rather driven mainly by the prograde metamorphism of gabbro in the lower crust and its transformation into denser eclogite. The mechanism of subsidence associated with the metamorphic transformation from gabbro to eclogite implies that high-velocity eclogite belongs to the lower continental crust metamorphosed under the effect of mantle fluids. This idea undermines the seismic and gravity basin models that commonly attribute mafic eclogite to the sub-Moho lithospheric mantle on the basis of P-wave velocities similar to those in peridotite and interprets the crust beneath the Podvodnikov and Makarov basins as thin continental and oceanic crustal types, respectively.
A Better Standard-Uptake-Value Body Habitus Normalizer for Fluorodeoxyglucose in Humans
Authors: Beattie Bradley Jay , Akhurst Tim J , Augensen Finn , Humm John L
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To devise a new body-habitus normalizer to be used in the calculation of a standardized uptake value (SUV) that is specific to the PET tracer 18F-FDG.
Methods

After exclusions for type and extent of cancer and timing of the scan, a cohort of 481 patients was selected for analysis of 18F-FDG uptake into “normal” tissues (presumed to be unaffected by their disease). Among these, 65 patients had only brain concentrations measured and the remaining 416 were randomly divided into an 86-patient test set and a 330-patient training set. Within the test set, normal liver, spleen and blood measures were made. In the training set, only normal liver concentrations were measured. Using data from the training set, a simple polynomial function of height and weight was selected (following a subjective procedure) to predict each patient’s mean liver percent injected dose per milliliter. This function, when used to normalize measured %ID/ml concentrations, defines a new SUV metric (SUVfdg) which we compared to SUV metrics normalized by body weight (SUVbw), lean-body mass (SUVlbm) and body surface-area (SUVbsa) in a five-fold cross-validation. SUVfdg was also tested on the independent holdout sets utilizing the measurements of normal liver, blood, spleen and brain.
Results

For patients of all sizes including pediatric patients, the normal range of liver 18F-FDG uptake concentration at 60 minutes post injection in units of SUVfdg is 1.0 ± 0.16. Liver, blood and spleen SUVfdg in all comparisons had lower coefficients of variation (CoV) compared to SUVbw SUVlbm and SUVbsa. Blood had a mean SUVfdg value of 0.8 ± 0.11 and showed no correlation with age, height or weight. Brain SUVfdg measures were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in pediatric patients (4.7 ± 0.9) compared to adults (3.1 ± 0.6).
Conclusion

A new SUV metric, SUVfdg, is proposed. It is hoped that SUVfdg will prove to be better at classifying tumor lesions and other tissues compared to SUV metrics in current use and may be useful in predicting patient specific radiation dose. Other tracers may benefit from similarly tracer-specific body habitus normalizers.
Prognostic Model of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on 12 Ferroptosis-related Genes
Authors: Li Sijia , Zhang Hongyang , Li Wei
Published: July 2021

Background: The purpose of our study is establishing a model based on ferroptosis-related genes predicting the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Methods: In our study, transcriptome and clinical data of HNSCC patients were from The Cancer Genome Atlas, ferroptosis-related genes and pathways were from Ferroptosis Signatures Database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by comparing tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs, protein-protein interaction network and gene mutation examination were applied. Univariate Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to identified DEGs. The model was constructed by multivariate Cox regression analysis and verified by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The relationship between risk scores and other clinical features was also analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis was used to verified the independence of our model. The model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis and calculation of the area under the curve (AUC). A nomogram model based on risk score, age, gender and TNM stages was constructed. Our model was also validated in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) verification set. Results: We analyzed data including 500 tumor tissues and 44 adjacent normal tissues and 259 ferroptosis-related genes, then obtained 73 DEGs. Univariate Cox regression analysis screened out 16 genes related to overall survival, and LASSO analysis fingered out 12 of them with prognostic value. A risk score model based on these 12 genes was constructed by multivariate Cox regression analysis. According to the median risk score, patients were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group. The survival rate of high-risk group was significantly lower than that of low-risk group in Kaplan-Meier curve. Risk scores were related to T and grade. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis showed our model was an independent prognostic factor. The AUC was 0.669. Those all could prove our model had great predictive ability of HNSCC prognosis and it could be validated in GEO dataset. The nomogram showed high accuracy predicting the prognosis of HNSCC patients.Conclusion: Our model based on 12 ferroptosis-related genes performed excellently in predicting the prognosis of HNSCC patients. Ferroptosis-related genes may be promising biomarkers for HNSCC treatment and prognosis.
Remote Meetings in Problem-Based Learning: A Tool for Selection Research in Times of Pandemic
Authors: Cortes Paloma Freire Neves Leal , Bet Camila Delinski , Junior José Francisco dos Santos Silveira , Junior Edivaldo Rosas dos Santos , Cereda Marney Pascoli
Published: July 2021

Active methodologies have been widely used in education to provide greater involvement in the teaching-learning process. In the face of the current pandemic scenario, remote activities are strategies to spread knowledge but require adaptations of face-to-face education. However, no records were found of its use to support research groups, which traditionally are based on personal contacts. The article reports the experience of selecting participants in the development of research in the area of starch prospecting, with an adaptation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) technique. The proposed problem was the characterization and evaluation of cassava starch for food industries application, using a sample limited to one gram. The PBL technique used research with a qualitative approach, applied nature, descriptive objective, and action research procedures. The five members that constituted the discussion group were from different professional areas and were selected among those who made up a larger group, with starch as the central theme. The PBL technique was adapted to be completed in three videoconference meetings, with intervals of 15 days. Based on the suggestions proposed and improved during the event, it was possible to outline the solution right at the first meeting. An analytical methodology can also be established within the specified limit, capable of prospecting its food industries application. Therefore, PBL as a strategic tool to develop research topics proved effective and flexible, and suitable for remote activities. It is recommended that it be better explored as a team leader and scientific research growth.
The viral accelerated NF-κB pathway drives COVID-19-associated coagulopathy via excessive transcription of tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 – case report
Authors: Leitzke Marco , Schönknecht Peter Oskar Dieter
Published: July 2021

Background The current COVID-19 pandemic creates new clinical challenges almost daily, especially in terms of individual prognoses, diagnostics involving newly discovered pathogenic mechanisms, and the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 mutations. In terms of the thromboembolic complications frequently occurring in COVID-19 patients, there is new evidence that pathognomonic COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) differs considerably from the coagulant malfunction of common disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thus, bleeding is a rare complication in the initial stages of the disease, whereas thrombotic formations can be seen autopticly in the vasculature of several organs. Therefore, it is speculated that most thromboembolic complications are thrombotic rather than embolic, and CAC is more likely to be a pro-coagulant form of coagulopathy. The reasons for these key differences have remained unknown until very recently. The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the virus-related acceleration of the transcriptional nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-pathway, with the accompanied excessive downstream release of NF-κB-dependent proteins, is undisputed. Therefore, the roles of the NF-κB-transcribed anti-fibrinolytic plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI 1) and NF-κB-dependent tissue factor (TF) have become worthy of attention. Inappropriate TF action results in enhanced fibrin clot formation, whereas overexpression of PAI 1 prevents appropriate fibrinolytic reactions. CAC is interpreted as critically contributing to overall COVID-19 pathology and is most likely an independent risk factor for mortality.Case report A 49-year-old male patient was admitted for initially non-specific signs of a previously detected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite antibiotic and anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant such as respiratory-supporting therapy, respiratory and inflammatory parameters deteriorated continuously. The COVID-19 specific procoagulant hemostatic disarrangement deteriorated concordantly with the inflammatory parameters. Finally, a pulmonary arterial obstruction was detected, and an ultima ratio veno-pulmonary arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was carried out, which required additional anticoagulatory management. The next day, multiple intracerebral bleeding led to the death of the patient.Conclusions The usual anticoagulatory management is unlikely to avoid intravascular clot formation without developing severe bleeding complications. The ventilation-related acceleration of NF-κB pathway should be limited, as should procoagulatory blood flow interventions. In order to limit the excessive transcription of NF-κB-dependent procoagulant/anti-fibrinolytic proteins vagus nerve stimulation should be considered as a therapeutic tool.