bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Eye Health and Eye Health Services in Nepal
Authors: Mishra Sailesh Kumar , Chowhan Sudhinder Singh , Shah Ranjan , Jha Nisha , Shankar Pathiyil Ravi , Bhandary Shital , Gorkhaly Anil Prasad
Published: August 2020

Background: This study was conducted to identify knowledge, attitude and practice of the public in relation to eye health and to assess their knowledge of eye health seeking behaviour.Methods: A three-stage cluster survey was conducted in 15 selected districts of the five development regions of Nepal from May to December 2017.One hundred clusters and fifty households from each cluster were randomly selected. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed in English and translated into Nepali and back translated by experts. Data were entered in CSPro 5.0.3 software and imported to R 3.4.1 software for analysis.Results: Three fourth of respondents were between the age of 20-59 years (84 %) and one third were female (37.4%). 78% of respondents had basic knowledge about ocular diseases (ranging from 68 to 95%). No single method was found to be more appropriate than the other to provide eye health education to the people living in different geographical locations. Radio was more appropriate to provide health education in Doti and television in Saptari district. Around 2% of the people still depended on drug retailers, 0.6% on self-medication and 0.1% on traditional healers for treatment. Conclusions: The knowledge, attitude and practice of the respondents varied between various districts and with different demographic characteristics. The overall knowledge, attitude and practice score and respondent’s knowledge about common eye diseases requires improvement. Different methods can be used to educate public about eye health and common eye diseases.Keywords: Attitude; eye care; knowledge; Nepal; practice; services.
Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Nepal: Findings from the Pilot Study
Authors: Jha Anjani Kumar , Ojha Saroj Prasad , Dahal Sushma , Sharma Pawan , Pant Sagun Ballav , Labh Sweta , Marahatta Kedar , Shakya Suraj , Adhikari Ramesh Prasad , Joshi Devrat , Luitel Nagendra Prasad , Dhimal Meghnath
Published: August 2020

Background: The global prevalence of mental disorders is high and has an increasing trend. In Nepal, there is dearth in literature on prevalence of mental disorders based on national representative sample. In this study, we aim to present the findings on the prevalence of mental disorders from the pilot study of National Mental Health Survey, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1647 participants aged 13 years and above in three districts of Nepal: Dhanusha, Bhaktapur and Dolakha each representing three ecological regions. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) standard version 7.0.2 for DSM-5 was used for adults (aged 18 years and above), and kid version of the same tool was used for children (aged 13-17 years) in Nepali language. Separate sets of questions were added for epilepsy and dissociative conversion disorder that were not in the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview tool. Prevalence of assessed mental disorders was reported separately for adults and children.Results: The current prevalence of mental disorders among adults and children were 13.2% and 11.2% respectively. Substance use disorder, dissociative conversion disorder, major depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder and psychotic disorder were common among adults. Similarly, psychotic disorder, agoraphobia, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders were common among children. Current suicidality was present among 10.9% adults and 8.7% children.Conclusions: Our findings from the pilot study have given insight into the prevalence of different mental disorders in the survey areas. These findings can be utilized for planning the National Mental Health Survey, Nepal. Keywords: Mental disorders; mental health survey; MINI; Nepal; pilot study.
Avaliação microbiológica do queijo artesanal produzido e comercializado em uma cidade do interior da Paraíba
Authors: Sousa Maria Lizieda Fabricio de , Sousa Mayana  Morais de , Paz Evelyn  de Oliveira , Cavalcanti Mayra da Silva
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho buscou analisar a qualidade microbiológica do queijo coalho artesanal produzido na zona rural do município de Soledade, Paraíba. Devido a sua importância socioeconômica para o produtor rural, uma vez que o queijo de coalho é um produto típico do Sertão nordestino. No estado da Paraíba há mais de 50 municípios produtores, sendo que a maioria fabrica este de forma artesanal, utilizando como principal matéria-prima o leite cru, tornando-se na prática uma fonte propícia a contaminação do produto. Para tanto foram realizadas análises microbiológicas seguindo os protocolos sugeridos pela RDC 12, de 02 de janeiro de 2001 e da instrução normativa 62, de 26 de agosto de 2003. Foram analisadas 07 amostras de diferentes produtores locais, que sofreram analises quanto a presença de coliformes fecais e termotolerantes, Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus, Salmonella spp. e Listeria Monocytogenes. Ao final, as amostras dos queijos verificadas indicaram inviabilidade para o consumo humano, devido ao grande número de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli em todas as amostras, como também a presença de Salmonella Spp e Listeria Monocytogenes em quatro das amostras analisadas. Quanto a presença de Staphylococcus Aureus todas foram negativas. Portanto o queijo tipo Coalho fabricado na zona rural e comercializado na cidade de Soledade PB, apresentou condições desfavoráveis para o comércio e consequentemente consumo humano, pela quantidade encontrada de micro-organismos patogênicos, ultrapassando o limite exigido pela legislação brasileira.
A construção da demanda e a interação de profissionais em ações educativas do Programa Saúde na Escola
Authors: Paiva Tiago Sousa , Cornelli Andressa Marques , Voigt Carolina Feijó Bitencourt , Costa Marcia Rosa da , Silveira Luiza Maria de Oliveira Braga
Published: August 2020

Se faz necessário a atuação do Estado por meio de políticas públicas de saúde para integrar Saúde e Educação. Objetivou-se identificar quais aspectos são levados em conta para a construção da demanda das práticas educativas para a prevenção do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida HIV/AIDS realizadas, através do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE), com estudantes de uma escola pública, e como se dá o envolvimento dos profissionais da saúde e da educação nesse processo. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório de natureza qualitativa onde foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis profissionais de uma equipe de Estratégia de Saúde da Família e observação das práticas educativas com os estudantes. Para o planejamento das práticas e ações educativas a vivência do agente comunitário de saúde na comunidade serve como subsídio, assim como, o conhecimento sobre o cenário epidemiológico do HIV/AIDS no município e o contexto dos estudantes. Evidenciou-se que o enfermeiro apresenta um papel de coadjuvante nas ações e que a equipe que atua no PSE percebe a importante da participação dos professores, porém, os mesmos apontam a insegurança nos professores para abordar o tema HIV/AIDS. O conhecimento das questões apresentadas torna possível problematizá-las e pensar alternativas para a superação de evidências como as que emergiram nessa investigação, uma vez que podem ser produtoras de vulnerabilidade no contexto das práticas educativas.
Tabagismo como hábito de vida de acadêmicos de Enfermagem e enfermeiros: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Neves Keila do Carmo , Brito Fabio Costa , Martins Esther Barbosa , Ribeiro Wanderson Alves , Fassarella Bruna Porath Azevedo , Evangelista Denilson da Silva
Published: August 2020

O tabagismo é considerado uma epidemia e é a primeira causa evitável de doença e de morte prematura. Este estudo tem por objetivos: identificar o tabagismo entre acadêmicos de enfermagem e enfermeiros e descrever as ações de combate ao tabagismo realizadas por acadêmicos e enfermeiros. Questões norteadoras: Como se dá o tabagismo como estilo de vida entre acadêmicos de enfermagem e enfermeiros? Quais as ações de combate ao tabagismo realizadas por acadêmicos e enfermeiros? Trata-se de uma revisão literatura que trilhou as seguintes etapas: estabelecimento da hipótese e objetivos da revisão de literatura, estabelecimento de critérios de inclusão e exclusão de artigos. Foram selecionados no período de março de 2020. Foi estabelecido um recorte temporal de 5 anos, na intenção de mapear o processo de desenvolvimento de publicações mais recentes da temática no país, e utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados de pesquisa nacionais, utilizou-se a Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS). Posteriormente, os achados foram agrupados em categorias, de acordo com o conteúdo. O estudo traz à tona a preocupação com os acadêmicos de enfermagem e profissionais no sentido de estimular a adoção de hábitos mais saudáveis e responsáveis em seu estilo de vida.
Autonomia funcional e qualidade de vida de idosos participantes de grupo de convivência social
Authors: Costa Lúcio Flávio Gomes Ribeiro da , Queiroz Brenda Coutinho Maia de , Laurindo Pedro Ivo Vieira , Souza Lúcio Marques Vieira , Santos Lucas Souza , Souza Gilson Pereira , Silva Dilton dos Santos , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin , Santos Jymmys Lopes dos
Published: August 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o nível de autonomia funcional e qualidade de vida de idosos ativos fisicamente. A amostra foi composta por 13 idosos, sendo 12 mulheres e 1 homem, com idades entre 60 e 72 anos. A avaliação da Autonomia Funcional foi realizada por meio do protocolo GDLAM, constituído pelos testes de C10m, LPS, LPDV, VTC e LCLC e o WHOQOL-OLD. Os idosos apresentaram um bom nível de atividade física, no entanto o grupo G3 de acordo com a classificação etária do protocolo GDLAM, destacou-se perante os outros, apresentando uma classificação boa devido a sua faixa etária mais avançada. Quanto à qualidade de vida, os indivíduos em geral estavam muitos satisfeitos, no entanto, o grupo etário G1 obteve uma melhor pontuação referente ao domínio funcionamento do sensório, os indivíduos do G2 destacaram-se perante a faceta participação, obtendo uma maior pontuação, e, no G3, onde há somente um indivíduo, constatou-se que o funcionamento do sensório e atividades passadas, presentes e futuras obtiveram a mesma pontuação. Em conclusão, os idosos apresentaram um índice de autonomia funcional “bom” e, referente à qualidade de vida, encontravam-se “muito satisfeitos”.
Abordagens sobre sífilis congênita
Authors: Rocha Cariny Cordeiro , Lima Thiago Sabino , Silva Raylton Aparecido Nascimento , Abrão Ruhena Kelber
Published: August 2020

Introdução: O trabalho a seguir trata como tema central a sífilis congênita abordando seus entendimentos e resultados. Objetivo: Definir a abrangência da Sífilis congênita analisando a atuação da enfermagem no pré-natal. Métodos: Este estudo, na forma de pesquisa científica, é resultado de uma análise de referencial teórico, realizada no período de Abril à Novembro de 2019, por meio de consulta a artigos científicos por meio de bancos de dados eletrônicos e publicações de revistas de saúde; normativos do Ministério da Saúde e bibliotecas virtuais. Resultados: por meio do referencial prático e teórico verificado á de se considerar que a Sífilis é fator impactante na saúde de adultos e crianças pelo mundo, assim com as diversas Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. A crescente de casos de contágio desta doença vem alarmando a Organização Mundial de Saúde, que, por sua vez, vem incentivando ações de combate ao contágio, insistindo na passagem de informação de qualidade e na ação dos profissionais na saúde na prevenção, no diagnóstico e no tratamento da doença. Neste sentido, a atuação do profissional da Enfermagem durante o pré-natal auxilia significativamente a saúde da gestante, do parceiro e do bebê, a fim de promover a realização completa do pré-natal, ferramenta indispensável na garantia da saúde no período gestacional.
Fine-scale spatial and temporal genomic variation among Dungeness crab Cancer magister larval recruits in the California Current Ecosystem
Authors: Lee EMJ , O’Malley KG
Published: August 2020

Dynamic marine environments can shape complex spatial and temporal patterns in the population connectivity of marine species, and this is often exemplified in species with long larval phases. Here, we used a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach to examine fine-scale spatial and temporal genomic variation among Dungeness crabCancer magisterlarval recruits sampled in the California Current Ecosystem. Specifically, we compared samples collected during expected- and late-season recruitment time periods within 2 consecutive years (2017 and 2018) at 2 sites in Oregon, USA (Yaquina Bay and Coos Bay). Evidence was found for high gene flow between the expected- and late-season recruits within each year and at both sites based on 1389 neutral loci. In contrast, strong genetic differentiation was observed between these 2 groups within each year and at both sites based on variation at 2 putatively adaptive loci. Contrary to prediction, the magnitude of genetic differentiation between these 2 seasonal groups was greater in 2017 when the Pacific Decadal Oscillation was stronger, upwelling was weaker, and the spring transition was later. Spatial genetic variation was not observed within 2017 or 2018. Comparing across years, expected- and late-season groups were differentiated at putatively adaptive loci. Interestingly, strong genetic differentiation was also observed between late-season groups across years. We found no evidence for cohesive larval dispersal among recruits based on genetic relatedness estimates. Overall, our findings provide evidence for high connectivity within Dungeness crab, but suggest that selective pressures and ocean conditions influence the genetic composition of larval recruits both intra- and inter-annually.
FACTORS INFLUENCING COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT OF NURSES AS PERCEIVED BY STAKEHOLDERS IN VIETNAM
Authors: Ha Do Thi , Nuntaboot Khanitta
Published: August 2020

Background: Competency of nurses is vital to safe nursing practice as well as essential component to drive quality of nursing services. Competency development is a continuous process of improving knowledge, attitudes and skills, and is influenced by a numerous of factors. Purposes: This study aims to explore factors that influence the development of competencies of nurses working in clinical settings in Vietnam. Methods: A descriptive qualitative research was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam with a purposive sample of twenty-seven participants including nurses, nurse managers, administrators, nurse teachers, medical doctors, and other health care providers.  Data collection was by in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings: The research participants described numerous of factors that influence the journey of developing nurses’ competencies. The identified factors were relevant to nursing education and training system in Vietnam; working environments of nurses; public image and values of nursing profession; characteristics of nurses themselves; Vietnamese nursing profession; sociocultural-economic and political aspects in Vietnam; and global contexts. Conclusion: The derived knowledge would greatly benefit clinical nurses, administrators, nursing educators, health care services managers, policy makers as well as other relevant health care stakeholders in proposing of solutions to promote nursing education, nursing workplace environments, and the appropriate regulations in order to enhance the nursing competency and quality of nursing services in Vietnam.
MITIGATING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH IMPACT ON FRONTLINE WORKERS DURING COVID-19
Authors: Visagie Norma
Published: August 2020

N/A
Active Mass Damper for Reducing Wind and Earthquake Vibrations of a Long-Period Bridge
Authors: Chang Seongkyu
Published: August 2020

An active mass damper (AMD) was developed that uses a linear motor and coil spring to reduce the vertical vibration of a long-period cable-stayed bridge subjected to wind and earthquake loads. A scaled-down bridge model and AMD were fabricated, and the control effect of the AMD was investigated experimentally and analytically. The AMD was controlled via a linear quadratic Gaussian algorithm, which combines a linear quadratic regulator and Kalman filter. The dynamic properties were investigated using a 1/10 scale indoor experimental model, and the results confirmed that the measured and analytical accelerations were consistent. A vibrator was used to simulate the wind-induced vibration, and the experimental and analytical results were consistent. The proposed AMD was confirmed to damp the free vibration and harmonic load and increase the damping ratio of the bridge model from 0.17% to 9.2%. Finally, the control performance of the proposed AMD was numerically investigated with the scaled-down bridge model subjected to the El Centro and Imperial Valley-02 earthquakes. These results were compared with those of a TMD, and they confirmed that the proposed AMD could reduce excessive vertical vibrations of long-period cable-stayed bridges subjected to wind and earthquakes.
Microbial and Parasitic Contamination of Fresh Raw Vegetable Samples and Detection of the BlaTEM and BlaCTX-M Genes from E. coli Isolates
Authors: Ghimire Alina , Upadhyaya Jitendra , Nayaju Tulsi , Lekhak Binod , Chaudhary Dhiraj Kumar , Raghavan Vijaya , Pant Bhoj Raj , Bajgai Tirtha Raj , Koirala Niranjan , Upreti Milan Kumar
Published: August 2020

A total of 100 fresh-raw vegetable samples were collected from the Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur districts of Nepal to evaluate microbial and parasitic contamination, presence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and detect the blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes among the Escherichia coli isolates. This study revealed that the prevalence of Giardia cysts was highest (100%) and Hookworm and Entamoeba coli were lowest (1% each). Coliforms were isolated from every raw vegetable sample. A total of 178 bacterial isolates were isolated among which 57 isolates were identified as E. coli, out of which 33 were Multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates. The high rate of resistance was found towards amoxicillin/clavulanate, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. The 10 E. coli isolates tested positive in an ESBL screening, out of which 4 were confirmed as ESBL producers by a combined disc test. Out of these 4 confirmed ESBL E. coli, one was found to carry both the blaTEM gene and blaCTX-M genes by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. One isolate has only the blaTEM gene, while other isolate harboured only blaCTX-M genes.
The Influence of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties on Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Growth, Yield and Quality
Authors: Cardone Loriana , Castronuovo Donato , Perniola Michele , Scrano Laura , Cicco Nunzia , Candido Vincenzo
Published: August 2020

Soil physical and chemical properties play a central role in plant growth, influencing the availability of air, nutrients, and water. The aim of this two-year study was to evaluate the effect of soil texture and chemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, organic matter, total, and active lime) on saffron (Crocus sativus L.) growth, yield, and quality. Corms were planted in pots filled with seven different soil textures obtained mixing an increasing quantity (33% and 66%) of sand to a clay soil (S1) and to a clay loam soil (S2) compared to a full (100%) sandy soil as a control (S7). A randomized complete block design comprising of seven pots with different types of soil (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, and S7) replicated three times was used. The results showed that the highest flower number (320.3 n m−2), stigma yield (2.0 g m−2), daughter corm production (7.9 kg m−2), and horizontal diameter (3.1 cm) were derived from S3 and S4 soils. These were characterized by a loam and sandy-loam texture, not very calcareous, with a sub-alkaline and neutral pH, low electrical conductivity, a content of organic matter between 5.46 and 8.67 g kg−1, and a content of active lime between 21.25 and 26.25 g kg−1. According to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) references, although all spice samples belonged to the first qualitative category, S1, S3, and S2 soils recorded the highest value for coloring power (290.5, 289.1, and 287.6 A1%1cm 440 nm, respectively). The highest values of bittering (109.2 A1%1cm 257 nm) and aromatic (26.6 A1%1cm 330 nm) power were reached by S3 soil. Positive correlations were found both between color with clay and organic matter, and aroma with total calcium carbonate. In conclusion, the assessment of soil conditions is particularly important to obtain the best saffron performance in terms of stigma and daughter corms yield as well as spice qualitative traits.
Prescriber Commitment Posters to Increase Prudent Antibiotic Prescribing in English General Practice: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sallis Anna , Bondaronek Paulina , Sanders Jet G. , Yu Ly-Mee , Harris Victoria , Vlaev Ivo , Sanders Michael , Tonkin-Crine Sarah , Chadborn Tim
Published: August 2020

Unnecessary antibiotic prescribing contributes to Antimicrobial Resistance posing a major public health risk. Estimates suggest as many as half of antibiotics prescribed for respiratory infections may be unnecessary. We conducted a three-armed unblinded cluster randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN trial registry 83322985). Interventions were a commitment poster (CP) advocating safe antibiotic prescribing or a CP plus an antimicrobial stewardship message (AM) on telephone appointment booking lines, tested against a usual care control group. The primary outcome measure was antibiotic item dispensing rates per 1000 population adjusted for practice demographics. The outcome measures for post-hoc analysis were dispensing rates of antibiotics usually prescribed for upper respiratory tract infections and broad spectrum antibiotics. In total, 196 practice units were randomized to usual care (n = 60), CP (n = 66), and CP&AM (n = 70). There was no effect on the overall dispensing rates for either interventions compared to usual care (CP 5.673, 95%CI −9.768 to 21.113, p = 0.458; CP&AM, −12.575, 95%CI −30.726 to 5.576, p = 0.167). Secondary analysis, which included pooling the data into one model, showed a significant effect of the AM (−18.444, 95%CI −32.596 to −4.292, p = 0.012). Fewer penicillins and macrolides were prescribed in the CP&AM intervention compared to usual care (−12.996, 95% CI −34.585 to −4.913, p = 0.018). Commitment posters did not reduce antibiotic prescribing. An automated patient antimicrobial stewardship message showed effects and requires further testing.
Biodeteriogens Characterization and Molecular Analyses of Diverse Funeral Accessories from XVII Century
Authors: Kisová Zuzana , Planý Matej , Pavlović Jelena , Bučková Mária , Puškárová Andrea , Kraková Lucia , Kapustová Magdaléna , Pangallo Domenico , Šoltys Katarína
Published: August 2020

A historical crypt offers us a particular view of the conditions of some buried materials (in this case textiles) and the various biogenic phenomena to which they were subjected over the centuries. In addition, significant knowledge can come by studying the DNA of buried objects which allows the recognition of materials, but also to reveal some practice of the funeral ceremony. In this study, the deteriorating microbial communities colonizing various funeral textile items were identified and characterized using microscopic observation, cultivation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing, hydrolytic tests; and culture-independent analysis (high-throughput sequencing, MinION platform). Different PCR assays and consequent sequencing of amplicons were employed to recognize the animal origin of bodice reinforcements and the type of plant used to embellish the young girl. The analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA from animal and plant) was also completed by the application of high-throughput sequencing through Illumina platform. The combination of all these techniques permitted the identification of a complex microbiota composed by dangerous degradative microorganisms able to hydrolyze various organic substrates such as fibroin, keratin, and cellulose. Bacteria responsible for metal corrosion and bio-mineralization, and entomopathogenic and phytopathogenic fungi. The analysis of aDNA identified the animal component used in bodice manufacturing, the plant utilized as ornament and probably the season of this fatal event.
Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Hybrid Composites
Authors: Blanco Ignazio
Published: August 2020

In the last century, polymers have dominated the materials market, and in the later part of the 20th century, the possibility to further improve their properties and expand their applications was explored by combining polymers with reinforcing elements [...]
Study on Prediction and Application of Initial Chord Elastic Modulus with Resonance Frequency Test of ASTM C 215
Authors: Yoon Young Geun , Choi HaJin , Oh Tae Keun
Published: August 2020

For accurate design, construction, and maintenance, it is important to identify the elastic modulus of concrete. This is usually achieved using a destructive test based on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C469. However, obtaining an appropriate static elastic modulus (Ec) requires many specimens, and the testing is difficult and time-consuming. Thus, a dynamic elastic modulus (Ed) is often obtained through a natural frequency for a specific size (e.g., the longitudinal (LT) or transverse (TR) mode) based on a resonance frequency test. However, this method uses a gradient at a very low-stress part of the stress–strain curve and assumes a completely elastic body. In fact, the initial chord elastic modulus (Ei) of the stress–strain curve in a concrete fracture test differs from the Ed, owing to the non-homogeneity and inelasticity of the concrete. The Ei of the experimental value may be more accurate. In this study, the Ei was predicted using machine learning methods for natural frequencies. The prediction accuracy for Ei was analyzed based on f1–f4, as calculated through the LT and TR modes. The predicted Ei had higher correlations with the actual Ec and compressive strength (fc) than Ed. Thus, more accurate prediction of concrete mechanical properties is possible.
Sustainable End of Life Management of Crystalline Silicon and Thin Film Solar Photovoltaic Waste: The Impact of Transportation
Authors: Celik Ilke , Lunardi Marina , Frederickson Austen , Corkish Richard
Published: August 2020

This work provides economic and environmental analyses of transportation-related impacts of different photovoltaic (PV) module technologies at their end-of-life (EoL) phase. Our results show that crystalline silicon (c-Si) modules are the most economical PV technology (United States Dollars (USD) 2.3 per 1 m2 PV module (or 0.87 ¢/W) for transporting in the United States for 1000 km). Furthermore, we found that the financial costs of truck transportation for PV modules for 2000 km are only slightly more than for 1000 km. CO2-eq emissions associated with transport are a significant share of the EoL impacts, and those for copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) PV modules are always higher than for c-Si and CdTe PV. Transportation associated CO2-eq emissions contribute 47%, 28%, and 40% of overall EoL impacts of c-Si, CdTe, and CIGS PV wastes, respectively. Overall, gasoline-fueled trucks have 65–95% more environmental impacts compared to alternative transportation options of the diesel and electric trains and ships. Finally, a hotspot analysis on the entire life cycle CO2-eq emissions of different PV technologies showed that the EoL phase-related emissions are more significant for thin-film PV modules compared to crystalline silicon PV technologies and, so, more environmentally friendly material recovery methods should be developed for thin film PV.
Dynamic Simulation and Control of a New Parallel Hybrid Power System
Authors: Chen Po-Tuan , Yang Cheng-Jung , Huang Kuohsiu David
Published: August 2020

To avoid unnecessary power loss during switching between the various power sources of a composite electric vehicle while achieving smooth operation, this study focuses on the development and dynamic simulation analysis of a control system for the power of a parallel composite vehicle. This system includes a power integration and distribution mechanism, which enables the two power sources of the internal combustion engine and electric motor to operate independently or in coordination to meet the different power-output requirements. The integration of the electric motor and battery-charging engine reduces the system complexity. To verify the working efficiency of the energy control strategy for the power system, the NEDC2000 cycle is used for the vehicle driving test, a fuzzy logic controller is established using Matlab/Simulink, and the speed and torque analysis of the components related to power system performance are conducted. Through a dynamic simulation, it is revealed that this fuzzy logic controller can adjust the two power sources (the motor and internal combustion engine) appropriately. The internal combustion engine can be maintained in the optimal operating region with low, medium, and high driving speeds.
Bioreactor Processed Stromal Cell Seeding and Cultivation on Decellularized Pericardium Patches for Cardiovascular Use
Authors: Matějka Roman , Koňařík Miroslav , Štěpanovská Jana , Lipenský Jan , Chlupáč Jaroslav , Turek Daniel , Pražák Šimon , Brož Antonín , Šimůnková Zuzana , Mrázová Iveta , Forostyak Serhiy , Kneppo Peter , Rosina Jozef , Bačáková Lucie , Pirk Jan
Published: August 2020

(1) Background: Decellularized xenogeneic tissues are promising matrices for developing tissue-engineered cardiovascular grafts. In vitro recellularization of these tissues with stromal cells can provide a better in vivo remodelling and a lower thrombogenicity of the graft. The process of recellularization can be accelerated using a cultivation bioreactor simulating physiological conditions and stimuli. (2) Methods: Porcine pericardium was decellularized using a custom-built decellularization system with an optimized protocol. Autologous porcine adipose-derived stromal cells (PrASCs), isolated from the subcutaneous fat tissue, were used for recellularizing the decellularized pericardium. A custom cultivation bioreactor allowing the fixing of the decellularized tissue into a special cultivation chamber was created. The bioreactor maintained micro-perfusion and pulsatile pressure stimulation in order to promote the ingrowth of PrASCs inside the tissue and their differentiation. (3) Results: The dynamic cultivation promoted the ingrowth of cells into the decellularized tissue. Under static conditions, the cells penetrated only to the depth of 50 µm, whereas under dynamic conditions, the tissue was colonized up to 250 µm. The dynamic cultivation also supported the cell differentiation towards smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In order to ensure homogeneous cell colonization of the decellularized matrices, the bioreactor was designed to allow seeding of the cells from both sides of the tissue prior to the stimulation. In this case, the decellularized tissue was recolonized with cells within 5 days of dynamic cultivation. (4) Conclusions: Our newly designed dynamic bioreactor markedly accelerated the colonization of decellularized pericardium with ASCs and cell differentiation towards the SMC phenotype.
Robust Phase Estimation of Gaussian States in the Presence of Outlier Quantum States
Authors: Mototake Yukito , Suzuki Jun
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we investigate the problem of estimating the phase of a coherent state in the presence of unavoidable noisy quantum states. These unwarranted quantum states are represented by outlier quantum states in this study. We first present a statistical framework of robust statistics in a quantum system to handle outlier quantum states. We then apply the method of M-estimators to suppress untrusted measurement outcomes due to outlier quantum states. Our proposal has the advantage over the classical methods in being systematic, easy to implement, and robust against occurrence of noisy states.
Review on Mechanical Thermal Properties of Superalloys and Thermal Barrier Coating Used in Gas Turbines
Authors: Wee Sunguk , Do Jeonghyeon , Kim Kyomin , Lee Changho , Seok Changsung , Choi Baig-Gyu , Choi Yoonsuk , Kim Woochul
Published: August 2020

This paper describes the manufacturing method and properties of a superalloy as a gas turbine blade material and a thermal barrier coating to protect it. The development process of superalloy and characteristics of each casting method were introduced. In particular, the single crystal superalloys were analyzed for creep and tensile properties with temperature according to chemical composition. In addition, the theories of creep life prediction models were summarized and comparative analysis was performed. Finally, the manufacturing processes of thermal barrier coatings were introduced, and the characteristics and effects of mechanical, thermal, and durability characteristics of each manufacturing process are described. We believe that this comprehensive review will help not only the gas turbine industry/community, but also material scientists, measurement physicists/engineers, and theorists interested in superalloys and high-temperature ceramics.
Detection of Neurological and Ophthalmological Pathologies with Optical Coherence Tomography Using Retinal Thickness Measurements: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Povedano-Montero F. Javier , Weinreb Robert N. , Raga-Martínez Isidoro , Romero Alejandro , López-Muñoz Francisco
Published: August 2020

We carry out a bibliometric analysis on neurological and ophthalmological pathologies based on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Documents were selected from Scopus database. We have applied the most commonly used bibliometric indicators, both for production and dispersion, as Price’s law of scientific literature growth, Lotka’s law, the transient index, and the Bradford model. Finally, the participation index of the different countries and affiliations was calculated. Two-hundred-and-forty-one documents from the period 2000–2019 were retrieved. Scientific production was better adjusted to linear growth (r = 0.88) than exponential (r = 0.87). The duplication time of the documents obtained was 5.6 years. The transience index was 89.62%, which indicates that most of the scientific production is due to very few authors. The signature rate per document was 5.2. Nine journals made up the Bradford core. USA and University of California present the highest production. The most frequently discussed topics on RNFL thinning are glaucoma and neurodegenerative diseases (NDD). The growth of the scientific literature on RNFL thickness was linear, with a very high rate of transience, which indicates low productivity and the presence of numerous authors who sporadically publish on this topic. No evidence of a saturation point was observed. In the last 10 years, there has been an increase in documents relating the decline of RNFL to NDD.
User Identity Linkage Across Social Networks by Heterogeneous Graph Attention Network Modeling
Authors: Wang Ruiheng , Zhu Hongliang , Wang Lu , Chen Zhaoyun , Gao Mingcheng , Xin Yang
Published: August 2020

Today, social networks are becoming increasingly popular and indispensable, where users usually have multiple accounts. It is of considerable significance to conduct user identity linkage across social networks. We can comprehensively depict diversified characteristics of user behaviors, accurately model user profiles, conduct recommendations across social networks, and track cross social network user behaviors by user identity linkage. Existing works mainly focus on a specific type of user profile, user-generated content, and structural information. They have problems of weak data expression ability and ignored potential relationships, resulting in unsatisfactory performances of user identity linkage. Recently, graph neural networks have achieved excellent results in graph embedding, graph representation, and graph classification. As a graph has strong relationship expression ability, we propose a user identity linkage method based on a heterogeneous graph attention network mechanism (UIL-HGAN). Firstly, we represent user profiles, user-generated content, structural information, and their features in a heterogeneous graph. Secondly, we use multiple attention layers to aggregate user information. Finally, we use a multi-layer perceptron to predict user identity linkage. We conduct experiments on two real-world datasets: OSCHINA-Gitee and Facebook-Twitter. The results validate the effectiveness and advancement of UIL-HGAN by comparing different feature combinations and methods.
Development of Energy-Based Impact Formula-Part II: Scabbing Depth, Scabbing Limit, and Perforation Limit
Authors: Kim Sanghee , Kang Thomas H.-K.
Published: August 2020

Numerous formulae are available for predicting the scabbing limit and perforation limit thicknesses subjected to impact loading, but no formula has yet been proposed for estimating the scabbing depth, which is the damaged depth at the rear face when the back of the concrete panel is peeled. In this paper, a new energy-based impact formula along with a theoretical background is proposed to estimate the scabbing depth, scabbing limit, and perforation limit. Based on the scabbing theory, energy–depth relation, and energy conservation law, the new formula is developed and verified with test results. Compared to other impact formulae, the proposed impact formula is found to be more effective.
Quick Response Circulating Water Cooling of ±3 mK Using Dynamic Thermal Filtering
Authors: Lu Yesheng , Cui Junning , Tan Jiubin , Bian Xingyuan
Published: August 2020

An enhanced circulating cooling water (CCW) machine is developed to simultaneously achieve high temperature stability and dynamic performance of CCW temperature control. Dynamic thermal filtering based on an auto-updatable thermal capacity medium is proposed to reduce the temperature fluctuation of the CCW. Agile thermal control is presented to realize a quick response and high resolution of temperature control, through thermal inertia minimization and bidirectional regulation of heating/cooling power. Experimental results indicate that a temperature stability of ±3 mK (peak to peak value) and a settling time of 128 s, corresponding to a 1 K step set value, are achieved. It can therefore be concluded that the developed machine can satisfy the challenging requirements of precision manufacturing.
A Hybrid Diffractive Optical Element Design Algorithm Combining Particle Swarm Optimization and a Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Authors: Su Ping , Cai Chao , Song Yuming , Ma Jianshe , Tan Qiaofeng
Published: August 2020

With the rapid development of computer hardware and the emergence of the parallel calculation of diffraction fields, a breakthrough has been made in terms of the limitation of the unacceptable amount of computational cost to design diffractive optical elements (DOEs), and more accurate global search algorithms can be introduced to the design of complex DOEs and holographic projections instead of traditional iterative algorithms. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm which combines particle swarm optimization (PSO) with a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is proposed for the designing of DOEs and projecting holographic images with less noise. PSO is used to reduce the invalid disturbance in SA, and SA can jump out from local extreme points to find the global extreme points. Compared with the traditional Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm, the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SA–PSO hybrid algorithm can improve uniformity by more than 10%.
Interdecadal Variations in Extreme High–Temperature Events over Southern China in the Early 2000s and the Influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
Authors: Zhu Baoyan , Sun Bo , Li Hua , Wang Huijun
Published: August 2020

This study documents a sudden interdecadal variation in the frequency of extreme high–temperature events (FEHE) over southern China during summer in the early 2000s, which is characterized by a relatively small (large) FEHE during 1991–2000 (2003–2018). The composite analysis on the extreme high–temperature events (EHEs) over southern China indicates that the occurrence of EHEs is mainly influenced by increased downward surface net shortwave radiation, which is induced by the cloud–forced radiation anomalies associated with reduced cloud; the reduced cloud is attributed to anomalous descent motion and decreased water vapor content in the troposphere. Compared to the situation during 1991–2000, anomalous descent motion and decreased atmospheric water vapor content occurred over southern China in summer during 2003–2018, providing a more favorable climatic condition for EHEs. This interdecadal variation is associated with the strengthened Pacific Walker circulation after 2003. The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is suggested to be an important driver for the above interdecadal variation, which shifted from a positive phase towards a negative phase after 2003. Numerical experiments demonstrate that a negative phase of PDO may induce a strengthened Walker circulation and anomalous atmospheric descent motion as well as water vapor divergence over Southern China.
Potential Application of Blockchain Technology for Embodied Carbon Estimating in Construction Supply Chains
Authors: Rodrigo Muhandiramge , Perera Srinath , Senaratne Sepani , Jin Xiaohua
Published: August 2020

Carbon emissions are categorised as Embodied Carbon (EC) occurring in the production phase and Operational Carbon (OC) occurring in the operational phase of buildings. The current focus on producing zero-carbon buildings, emphasises reducing OC and ignores the importance of reducing EC emissions. This study focuses on EC. Methods available in EC estimating currently produce estimates that often do not complement each other. This makes it important to develop a robust and accurate methodology for estimating EC. Blockchain is an emerging technology that has significant potential for transaction processing in supply chains. The construction industry being the second least digitalised industry, the adoption of innovative technologies is predominantly important. This paper explores the potential application of blockchain for accurate estimation of EC in construction supply chains. A detailed literature review and expert interviews revealed that, compared to traditional information systems, blockchain systems could eliminate issues in EC estimating highlighting its potential credible application for EC estimating. Scalability was identified as a feature that was lacking in a blockchain system, however, for EC estimating, its impact was identified as minimal. It will be difficult to generalise the findings of the study due to interview based qualitative methodology adopted in this study along with the fact that blockchain is an emerging and fairly new technology. However, a similar process could be followed by other studies to compare blockchain with traditional information systems, to evaluate the suitability of blockchain technology to develop prototype systems.
Value-Added Bio-Chemicals Commodities from Catalytic Conversion of Biomass Derived Furan-Compounds
Authors: Iriondo Aitziber , Agirre Ion , Viar Nerea , Requies Jesús
Published: August 2020

The depletion of fossil resources in the near future and the need to decrease greenhouse gas emissions lead to the investigation of using alternative renewable resources as raw materials. One of the most promising options is the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (like forestry residues) into bioenergy, biofuels and biochemicals. Among these products, the production of intermediate biochemicals has become an important goal since the petrochemical industry needs to find sustainable alternatives. In this way, the chemical industry competitiveness could be improved as bioproducts have a great potential market. Thus, the main objective of this review is to describe the production processes under study (reaction conditions, type of catalysts, solvents, etc.) of some promising intermediate biochemicals, such as; alcohols (1,2,6-hexanetriol, 1,6-hexanetriol and pentanediols (1,2 and 1,5-pentanediol)), maleic anhydride and 5-alkoxymethylfuran. These compounds can be produced using 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and/or furfural, which they both are considered one of the main biomass derived building blocks.
Improvement of High Temperature Wear Behavior of In-Situ Cr3C2-20 wt. % Ni Cermet by Adding Mo
Authors: Sun Liang , Zhai Wenyan , Dong Hui , Wang Yiran , He Lin
Published: August 2020

Cr3C2-Ni cermet is a kind of promising material especially for wear applications due to its excellent wear resistance. However, researches were mainly concentrated on the experiment condition of room temperature, besides high-temperature wear mechanism of the cermet would be utilized much potential applications and also lack of consideration. In present paper, the influence of Mo content on the high-temperature wear behavior of in-situ Cr3C2-20 wt. % Ni cermet was investigated systematically. The friction-wear experiment was carried out range from room temperature to 800 °C, while Al2O3 ceramic was set as the counterpart. According to experimental results, it is indicated that the coefficient of friction (COF) of friction pairs risen at the beginning of friction stage and then declined to constant, while the wear rate of Cr3C2-20 wt. % Ni cermet risen continuously along with temperature increased, which attributes to the converted wear mechanism generally from typical abrasive wear to severe oxidation and adhesive wear. Generally, the result of wear resistance was enhanced for 13.4% (at 400 °C) and 31.5% (at 800 °C) by adding 1 wt. % Mo. The in-situ newly formed (Cr, Mo)7C3 ceramic particle and the lubrication phase of MoO3 can effectively improve the wear resistance of Cr3C2-20 wt. % Ni cermet.
Effect of Various Nanoparticles (GaF3, ZnF2, Zn(BF4)2 and Ga2O3) Additions on the Activity of CsF-RbF-AlF3 Flux and Mechanical Behavior of Al/Steel Brazed Joints
Authors: Yao Zhen , Xue Songbai , Zhang Junxiong
Published: August 2020

In this study, brazing AA6061 to Q235 steel using flame brazing was performed with 70.9 wt.% CsF-0.5 wt.% RbF-28.6 wt.% AlF3 fluxes doped with GaF3, ZnF2, Zn(BF4)2 and Ga2O3 nanoparticles, matched with a Zn-15Al filler metal, and the spreadability of the filler metal and the mechanical properties of brazed joints were investigated at the same time. The results showed suitable amounts of GaF3, ZnF2, Zn(BF4)2 and Ga2O3 doped into the base flux could strengthen the filler metal in wetting and spreading on the surface of aluminum alloy and steel to different degrees. The suitable ranges of GaF3, ZnF2, Zn(BF4)2 and Ga2O3, respectively, were 0.0075–0.01 wt.%, 0.0075–0.01 wt.%, 0.0075–0.01 wt.% and 0.009–0.01 wt.%, and the maximum spreading area was obtained via doping with GaF3. The shear strength of brazed joints reached the peak at 126 MPa when 0.075 wt.% GaF3 was added. Comparative tests proved that the activity of the CsF-RbF-AlF3 flux doped with GaF3 was the best. The reason was that the CsF-RbF-AlF3-GaF3 flux was competent in removing oxides of the base metal and decreasing the interfacial tension, in virtue of the activity of Ga3+ as well as F−.