bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicción del riesgo de TEA a través de indicadores de conducta adaptativa
Authors: García-García Isabel , Baña-Castro Manoel
Published: July 2024

La conducta adaptativa se refiere a la eficacia con la que una persona responde a las demandas naturales y sociales de su entorno. Incluye habilidades conceptuales, sociales y prácticas aprendidas que permiten responder a las circunstancias cotidianas, y es uno de los criterios más importantes utilizados para determinar el nivel de discapacidad de una persona. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la capacidad de predecir el riesgo de TEA (Trastorno del Espectro Autista) utilizando los indicadores GARS-2 e ICAP de conducta adaptativa. El estudio contó con una muestra de 209 personas de Galicia (España). Un grupo (n=111) estaba formado por personas con diagnóstico previo de TEA (37 mujeres y 74 varones) con edades comprendidas entre los 2 y los 20 años. El segundo grupo (n=98) estaba formado por personas normotípicas (56 mujeres y 42 varones) con edades comprendidas entre 3 y 23 años. Los dos instrumentos mostraron correlaciones significativas, mientras que los análisis no paramétricos de varianza mostraron diferencias relacionadas con la edad en las dimensiones y habilidades evaluadas. Un análisis en árbol permitió clasificar correctamente el 75.1% de los casos. El 74.8% de los participantes con TEA fueron identificados correctamente por el análisis, al igual que el 75.5% de la muestra normotípica. Las variables predictivas reveladas por el análisis la Destreza Social y Comunicativa del ICAP y la Dimensión de Comunicación del GARS-2. Los resultados confirman que el comportamiento adaptativo es un buen predictor del riesgo de TEA, lo que puede contribuir a su identificación temprana.
Diagnosis of Dry Eye Syndrome During the Preparing Patients for Cataracts Phacoemulsification. Literature Review
Authors: Trubilin V. N. , Polunina E. G. , Trubilin A. V. , Kurenkov V. V. , Konovalov M. E. , Zakatianskii V. S.
Published: July 2024

The increasing patient demands for quality of life after surgery necessitate optimization of approaches in the field of surgical intervention, reduction of the frequency of refractive errors and correction of tactics of postoperative interventions. Literature data indicate that refractive errors are possible after surgical treatment for cataracts associated with the presence of dry eye syndrome in the preoperative period. Tear film is used as the first refractive medium, and the size of the refractive change at air­tear film interfaces is the most innovative of any interface in any other optical system. Thus, changes of tear film physiology affect overall vision with higher order aberrations and irregular astigmatism occurring. The presented literature review analyzes data from scientific studies aimed at studying risk factors for the development of dry eye syndrome and diseases associated with it when phacoemulsification of cataracts occurs. Considering the fact that, according to various studies, the incidence of dry eye syndrome after cataract surgery ranges from 9.8 to 96.6% in cataract surgery in collaboration with dry eye surgery, adequate approaches within the framework of preoperative preparation are an urgent development. The lack of clear recommendations for effective preoperative screening and respiratory preparation for surgery, unreliable biometric data, and lack of treatment strategy for postoperative dry eye syndrome are indicators of detectors to obtain the desired results. Adequate diagnosis and preparation of ocular surfaces before biometric measurements can reduce refractive errors after surgery.
Diabetic Retinopathy: Possibilities and Prospects for Retinoprotection
Authors: Malyshev A. V. , Yanchenko S. V. , Saverskaya E. N. , Teshaev Sh. J. , Avezova M. R. , Abdurahmonova I. I. , Saidova N.
Published: July 2024

The article presents an analytical review of the literature on the possibilities of retinoprotective therapy (RPT) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). The above data, on the one hand, confirm the clinical effectiveness of RPT based on the use of a complex of watersoluble polypeptide fractions of the retina in DR, and on the other, determine the need for further research in the framework of the problem under consideration. It seems relevant to conduct studies to assess the possibilities of using RPT in patients with minimal manifestations of DR (without visual signs of vascular changes), with DR in conditions of macular edema (against the background of anti­-VEGF therapy and delayed laser coagulation of the retina), as well as in patients with proliferative DR after vitrectomy.
Comparative Evaluation of The Clinical Efficacy of Various Technologies of Intraoperative Endolaserphotocoagulation in Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Golovin A. S.
Published: July 2024

Purpose. To develop a safe and effective endolaserphotocoagulation technology used during vitreoretinal surgery in patients with advanced stage of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods. We observed 88 patients (88 eyes) aged from 42 to 73 years (59 % women; 41 % men). All patients were divided into 2 equal groups based on age and gender, as well as preoperative functional results, a main group in which the developed technology of precision intraoperative endolaser coagulation was used (46 eyes), and a control group with a traditional technique of performing endolaser coagulation during vitreoretinal intervention (42 eyes).

 Results. Assessment of clinical and morphometric parameters in the main and control groups was carried out after 1, 3 and 6 months. The data obtained indicate a significant increase in BCVA (0.23 ± 0.05) in the group from the 3rd month of observation, no signs of increased IOP, as well as a decrease in retinal thickness in the foveal zone (up to 272.0 ± 27.3 μm) during the observation period up to 6 months. The study of the frequency of complications confirms the safety of the developed technology, which is confirmed by the low probability of developing rubeosis (1 case), neovascular glaucoma (1 case) and recurrence of retinal detachment in the main group of patients (2 cases) during a follow­up period of 6 months.

Conclusion. The developed technology of precision endolaser coagulation is characterized by a higher (compared to the traditional technique) level of safety and clinical effectiveness, which is confirmed by the following main points: a greater likelihood of increasing BCVA; absence of increase in IOP during long­term observation, decrease in retinal thickness in the foveal zone starting from the 3rd month of observation; a significant reduction in the likelihood of postoperative complications.
Evaluation and Refractive Results Comparison of MIOL-­SOFT-­2­-13 IOL Implantation with Foreign Models
Authors: Belov D. F. , Nikolaenko V. P. , Kovaleva V. V.
Published: July 2024

Purpose. Evaluation and refractive results comparison of MIOL-­SOFT-­2­-13 (Reper­NN, Russia) IOL implantation with foreign models.

Material and methods. The study included 816 patients (816 eyes) who underwent phacoemulsification (PE) with IOL implantation, divided into four groups depending on IOL model: MIOL­-SOFT-2-­13 (Reper­-NN, Russia) (n = 199); SA60AT (Alcon, USA) (n = 237); Adapt AO (Bausch&Lomb, USA) (n = 179); Acryfold 601 (Appasamy Associates, India) (n = 201). All patients underwent optical biometry using IOL­-Master 500 (Carl Zeiss, Germany). A month after PE spherical equivalent of refraction was assessed by Topcon­8800 (Japan). Mean calculation error (ME) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used as a IOL calculation accuracy criterion.

Results. Zeroing of ME allowed to determine real a­constant of MIOL-­SOFT­-2-­13 (119.83 instead of 118.4 declared by the manufacturer). MAE in the groups was: 0.39 ± 0.27, 0.33 ± 0.35, 0.38 ± 0.31 and 0.38 ± 0.30 D, respectively (p = 0.068). All IOLs demonstrated hitting the target refraction within ±1.00 D in more than 95 % of cases.

Conclusion. MIOL­-SOFT­-2­-13 has comparable refractive results with other monofocal IOLs used in national medical insurance system. MIOL­-SOFT-­2­-13 achieves target refraction within ±1.00 D in 98 % of cases.

To obtain optimal refractive results, an optimized a­constant of 118.83 is required.
Retinal Map of Peripheral Retinal Degenerations and Tears. Part 1. Non­-Regmatogenous Intraretinal Degenerations of the Retina
Authors: Shaimova V. A. , Islamova G. R. , Klyuchko N. A. , Shaimov T. B. , Kuchkildina S. Kh. , Dmukh T. S. , Ivin M. S. , Askaeva A. A. , Kravchenko T. G. , Fomin A. V.
Published: July 2024

The aim of the article is to develop a clinical classification and an informative retinal map of peripheral degenerations and retinal tears based on multimodal diagnostics of the vitreoretinal interface.

Methods. Multimodal studies of patients with peripheral degenerations included traditional and additional techniques: the ultra­wide­angle fundus imaging with the Clarus 500 camera and wide­field OCT Line scanning using the “sliding method”. .

Results. During the period 2014–2024, 1304 peripheral degenerations and retinal tears were identified through the multimodal examination of 614 patients (959 eyes). Based on these studies, a clinical and topographic classification of peripheral degenerations and retinal tears is presented.

Conclusion. Multimodal studies has facilitated the creation of a retinal map of the most common peripheral degenerations and retinal tears, the potential to improve the timely recognition of vitreoretinal pathology and optimize treatment tactics.
Recurrent Betaherpetic Keratitis. Therapy Stages and Monitoring Methods of the Disease Dynamics
Authors: Maychuk D. Yu. , Tarkhanova A. A. , Taevere M. R.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: to propose a step­by­step treatment regimen for betaherpetic keratitis with a method for monitoring the dynamics of the disease.

Patients and methods. The study group included 40 patients (40 eyes). Each patient had a history of diagnosed unilateral recurrent acute or subacute keratitis, the etiology of the betaherpetic process was confirmed by laboratory diagnostic methods, confocal microscopy, based on the detection of specific “owl eye” cells. All subjects had previously received specific therapy with acyclovir. All patients underwent an ophthalmological examination, and then a two­stage treatment regimen for keratitis was proposed. The main way to assess the dynamics of the disease, the presence of viral load and the need to intensify antiviral therapy was confocal microscopy data. The condition was assessed 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the start of therapy. Results. As a result of the observation of a group of patients of 40 people, after 12 months, 33 patients achieved stable remission, 4 patients developed neurotrophic keratitis, and 3 patients had a relapse of betaherpetic keratitis. Recurrence of keratitis in 3 patients was detected within 2 to 4 months from the start of observation. Neurotrophic keratitis developed in 4 patients within 3 to 6 months from the start of observation.

Conclusion. 1) The method of in vivo confocal microscopy can be used to monitor the dynamics of betaherpetic keratitis, based on the state of specific cells. 2) Therapy of betaherpetic keratitis requires the use of specific antiviral drugs with mandatory repeated preventive courses. 3) A history of herpesvirus infection requires assessment of the development of neurotrophic keratitis.
Assessment of Wavefront Aberrations in Children with Myopia Against the Background of Ocular Surface Disorders in Combination with Computer Vision Syndrome Digital and Eye Strain
Authors: Plisov I. L. , Naumova E. M. , Smoleva A. I.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: to assess the state of the wavefront in children with myopia, who have various manifestations of digital eye strain and symptoms of ocular surface disorders, and to evaluate the diagnostic significance of wavefront criteria for assessing the state of the ocular surface.

Patients and methods. The study involved 76 children (152 eyes) with myopia aged 8 to 18 years who used gadgets and computers for more than 2 hours a day. All patients used glasses as a method of optical correction and were constantly worn. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st with symptoms of ocular surface disorder, 2nd — comparison group. Subjective signs were studied using the online questionnaire “State of the ocular surface”. Using the “Keratograph 5M Oculus” the following parameters were assessed: non­invasive tear film breakup time (NTBR), including the first tear film breakup time, average tear film breakup time, breakup time gradient and maximum tear film breakup zone, the same device was used to perform infrared meibography and study of the lipid layer of the tear film. All patients underwent wavefront aberrometry in a darkened room without cycloplegia.

Results. It was found that in the group of patients with the presence of subjective phenomena of disturbance of the state of the ocular surface, identified using the online questionnaire “State of the ocular surface”, rotor aberrations were statistically significantly higher than in the comparison group. At the same time, the indicators of higher­order corneal aberrations have comparable values. Correlation analysis between indicators of the state of the ocular surface and parameters of the wavefront in the group of children with disturbances of the state of the ocular surface showed that a higher level of corneal aberrations corresponds to a higher number of points on the questionnaire of disturbances of the ocular surface and the state of visual comfort, in turn, when comparing data on non­invasive tear film breakup time, a negative correlation was established, which means that with a higher number of points on the questionnaire, and therefore, with a more significant degree of impairment of the ocular surface, the tear film breakup time was shorter.

Conclusion. The structure of the wavefront in children with myopia against the background of a disorder of the ocular surface in combination with CVS and digital eye strain is significantly different from the structure of the wavefront in the comparison group.
Pathomorphological Features of The Cornea in Secondary Posttraumatic Dystrophy (Clinical Case)
Authors: Zhigalskaya T. A. , Denisko M. S. , Krivosheina O. I. , Logvinov S. V. , Mustafina L. R.
Published: July 2024

Secondary corneal dystrophy is a group of diseases characterized by an inflammatory–dystrophic process in the cornea of the eye. This pathology is accompanied by a pronounced pain syndrome and leads to an irreversible decrease in vision, up to complete blindness. To date, many aspects of pathomorphological changes of the cornea in secondary dystrophies remain insufficiently studied due to the impossibility of conducting an intravital study of the cornea tissue. The article presents a case of morphological analysis of a tissue fragment of a pathologically altered cornea in secondary posttraumatic corneal dystrophy. Destructive changes in corneal tissue revealed during light microscopy indicate the presence of signs of fibrinoid swelling in the shell stroma with gross disorganization of the base substance and neovascularization. The study made it possible to correlate the data of pathomorphological changes and the clinical picture, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the chosen method of treatment of this pathology (intrastromal injection of a suspension of autologous mononuclear leukocytes of blood into the stroma of the damaged cornea).
Markers and Predictors of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in Open Eye Injury in an Experiment
Authors: Kol’bin A. A. , Kulikov A. N. , Troyanovsky R. L. , Chirskiy V. S.
Published: July 2024

The objective of the study: to analyze characteristics of a standardized model of type B gunshot open global injury (open injury without intraocular foreign body).

Methods: The experiment was carried out on 36 rabbits (71 eyes). Simulation of type B gunshot open global injury (GOEI) was accomplished using pump equipment. The complex of modern standard and high­technology diagnostic methods to study characteristics of type B GOEI in the control period was performed. Biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, ultrasound examination, MRI, enzyme multiplied immunoassay to determine vitreous fibronectin, and pathomorphological study of the eye globe were carried out. Non­parametric statistical methods of data analysis were used.

Results: The above diagnostic methods being used, the GOEI experimental model characteristics were determined, including proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) i.e.incidence rate and dynamics.

Conclusion. High reproducibility (77–100 %) of microlevel signs of type B GOEI experimental model was demonstrated, that evidenced standardization of the developed model. The viability of the use of hyphema and hemophthalmia as the PVR and GOEI predictors was justified on the basis of correlation analysis in experiment. The analysis of proliferative signs being made when using different study methods (pathomorphological, indirect ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography, ultrasound examination and MRI) proved their application as PVR markers possible. The interchangeability of the study methods used for PVR diagnosis was also justified.
Changes in the Thickness of the Sublens Water Layer in Patients Using Scleral Lenses
Authors: Ryabenko O. I. , Selina O. M. , Kramarenko E. Yu. , Alyaeva O. O.
Published: July 2024

Purpose of the study. To analyze the change in the thickness of the sub­lens water layer depending on the time of wearing lenses in patients using scleral lenses using the SkyOptix Laboratory lenses as an example.

Patients and methods. To determine the thickness of the sublens water layer in the vertical and horizontal meridians, a study was performed in 33 people in 46 eyes. Among the patients there were 25 men and 8 women, from 18 to 59 years old (mean 37.3 ± 9.5 years). The main indication for the use of scleral lenses was the ineffectiveness of other methods of vision correction.

Results. The mean sublens water layer thickness reduction in the total group of examined patients using scleral lenses was 9.3 % or 37.73 μm after 1 hour of wear and 20.8 % or 84.48 μm after 4 hours of wear compared to initial values.

Conclusions. The largest and clinically significant changes in the thickness of the sublens water layer occur during the first hour of lens wear, which, according to our study, is approximately 40 microns. Considering the temporal dynamics of changes in the thickness of the sublens water layer, the final calculation of the parameters must be made no earlier than after 1 hour of wearing the scleral lens. The thickness of the sublens water layer should be assessed in relation to the time spent in the scleral lens. According to our survey, over the entire period of observation in all patients using scleral lenses, there is a decrease in the thickness of the sublens water layer over time of wearing, which requires further additional research to determine identifying the exact causes and factors underlying this process.
Prevention of Cognitive Impairment Through Audiocognitive Rehabilitation: Results of the NeuRea Method
Authors: R Albaladejo , J Muguerza , D Zambrano , C Asensio , A Harguindey , S Albaladejo
Published: July 2024

Background: The aging of the world´s population have led to an increase in the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. Aims: The study aims to analyze the prevention of cognitive impairment through the application of audiocognitive rehabilitation (NeuRea Method) on people with hearing impairment. Methods: A total of 409 patients met the inclusion criteria. They were divided into an Experimental (EG) and a Control Group (CG). The EG underwent an audiological and speech therapy program. These programs included neuroadaptation adjustment of hearing aids and rehabilitation of impaired auditory and cognitive functions. Patients without cognitive alterations in EG also received cognitive training. The CG did not receive any interventions. Both groups were cognitively assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Results: Results showed that 85.16% of the EG obtained better results in the cognitive test, and no one contained worse results, compared to a 3% improvement in CG, 4% obtained worse results. 81% of the EG patients without cognitive impairment also improved. Conclusion: The NeuRea method can be used as an additional treatment for wearing hearing aids to improve the language comprehension capacity of people with hearing loss, reduce their cognitive load, and improve their cognition whether already altered or not.
Are Thailand's Mangosteen and Durian Complementary in the Global Market?
Authors: Rangkakulnuwat Poomthan
Published: July 2024

Mangosteen is one of Thailand’s major agricultural exports, generating income and employment in the country’s agricultural sector. This research examined whether Thailand’s durian fruit can complement mangosteen in the global market. The country-pair and time-fixed effects of Poisson maximum likelihood were employed in the model, and the estimated results were separated into eight cases. The findings indicate that Thailand’s durian complements mangosteen in the global market. Thai mangosteen exporters are advised to implement high pricing strategies, divide their market into upper-middle-income and high-income nations, and promote durian along with mangosteen. Improving the skill of mangosteen farmers to achieve a higher yield and quality than competitors is an essential factor.
Inovação e Desempenho Empresarial: Um Estudo da Relação em Empresas Brasileiras
Authors: Barbosa Ismael , Carvalho Luciana
Published: July 2024

Diversos estudos têm explorando a relação entre os resultados das inovações e o desempenho das empresas. Os resultados encontrados são variados, sugerindo um impacto positivo, negativo ou sem relação de causalidade. Desse modo, nota-se que ainda existe uma lacuna de pesquisa diante da qual cabe um aprofundamento. Nesse sentido, o objetivo da pesquisa consiste em investigar a relação entre o investimento em inovação, medido pelos gastos com pesquisa e desenvolvimento, e o desempenho das empresas brasileiras. Os dados foram extraídos da Thomson Reuters, utilizando informações de 97 empresas no período de 2014 a 2019. Para a análise desses dados, foi adotado o software RStudio e aplicada à técnica de regressão com dados em painéis. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a inexistência de uma relação entre os gastos com Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D) e o desempenho das empresas. Essa constatação está em consonância com a literatura especializada, a qual também menciona que as empresas têm investido menos em P&D e, ainda, que, muitas vezes, o retorno desse investimento ocorre no longo prazo. A pesquisa contribui para a conscientização sobre a complexidade do investimento em inovação, reforçando a ideia de que os benefícios de P&D podem ser intangíveis e demorados, mas ainda assim essenciais para o crescimento e a competitividade no longo prazo.
Análise do processo produtivo de uma empresa de reciclagem na cidade de Alagoinhas: desafios e possíveis soluções para a triagem de embalagens plásticas
Authors: Souza Jacqueline Pereira , Rosa Adson De Sousa , Mançu Raymundo Jorge de Sousa , Menezes Jeane Denise de Souza
Published: July 2024

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o processo de reciclagem de resíduos plásticos em uma empresa que comercializa esses resíduos no município de Alagoinhas-BA. Para obter êxito no estudo, houve a necessidade de compreender a rotina da empresa com o auxílio do fluxograma de processos que possibilitou a análise detalhada da cadeia produtiva, sendo possível identificar os problemas que estavam influenciando a qualidade dos materiais prensados. Para atingir o objetivo, foi utilizada a metodologia de pesquisa exploratória, através de um estudo de caso, com o propósito de proporcionar um entendimento real acerca do assunto. A abordagem utilizada foi de natureza qualitativa, pois visou o melhor aproveitamento dos resultados. A fim de solucionar os problemas encontrados, foram utilizadas as ferramentas da qualidade: Diagrama Ishikawa e o Ciclo PDCA. Com elas, foi possível identificar os problemas mais graves e inserir um plano de ação para iniciar melhorias aos processos existentes. A implantação das novas práticas foi incentivada através de treinamentos com os colaboradores, propondo novos métodos de execução das atividades. Concluímos que as melhorias e aprimoramentos feitos nos processos e os treinamentos aos colaboradores foram de suma importância para o aumento da qualidade, visto que proporcionou a todos os envolvidos uma melhor compreensão da cadeia produtiva, evidenciando a importância do uso certo de metodologia para mitigação de problemas.
Kompetencje dzieci przedszkolnych w trakcie rozmowy o rozmowie. Rozwiązywanie nieporozumień komunikacyjnych
Authors: Kuszak Kinga
Published: July 2024

W artykule podjęto zagadnienie udziału dziecka w rozmowie z dorosłym i jego umiejętności rozwiązywania niepowodzeń komunikacyjnych. Autorka charakteryzuje rozmowę i wskazuje na kompetencje komunikacyjne i metakomunikacyjne dzieci przedszkolnych odwołując się do wybranych badań. Następnie prezentuje założenia badań własnych. Materiał badawczy został zgromadzony podczas indywidualnych rozmów z dziećmi prowadzonych od 2019 roku. W artykule przedstawiono fragment materiału badawczego. Na podstawie analizy badań wyłoniono i opisano cztery kategorie unikania i rozwiązywania niepowodzeń przez dzieci w wieku 3-6 lat.
Nonlinear - elastic waves in Mindlin - Herrmann rod
Authors: Erofeev Vladimir ,   Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of RAS, Kluyeva Natalia , Semerikova Nadezhda ,   Blagonravov Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of RAS,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: July 2024

The nonlinear mathematical model describing longitudinal oscillations of the rod taking into account shift strains and transversal movements of particles of the middle line (nonhnear generalization of the model of Mindlin — Herrmann) is considered. The singularities of distribution of nonlinear stationary waves of the strain periodic waves and solitons are studied. The associations between basic parameters of such waves (amplitude, velocity of distribution, wavelength, and coefficient of nonlinear distortions of the waveform) are obtained. Is shown, that alongside with the classical behavior solitons (the wave of the greater amplitude has smaller breadth and propagates with the greater velocity) their anomalous behavior can be observed (amplitude of the wave decreases with growth of the velocity).
The Evolution of Ransomware: Tactics, Techniques, and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Nagar Gourav
Published: July 2024

Ransomware has developed into one of the most dangerous cyber threats. It is developed for the purpose of encrypting the data, and the owner is to pay the specified amount of money for the decoder. From simple rudimentary to developed sort with advanced encryption methods and modern distribution techniques, this research article is a complete historical journey of ransomware. Some of the specific aspects of ransomware development include the process of how the attackers act, starting from the traditional approach of spraying the malware to another strategic approach of singling out industries and organizations for attacks.The article also analyzes how the world came to know about ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS). The analysts have attributed the docket to the fact that it has also made it easy for inexperienced and unskilled hackers to embrace the commodity space by merely launching ransomware attacks. Current ransomware strategies that hackers employ include double extortion, where they steal information and threaten to publish the stolen data publicly, besides demanding a ransom for the encrypted information. The use of coins in the payment of ransom is examined with regard to their anonymity and the emergence of targeting of key infrastructure and other giant entities.Tactics that can allow for minimizing the attacks’ impact are equally crucial in the fight against ransomware. Some of the extensive strategies highlighted in this article are basic cyber hygiene measures, backup and restore methodologies, and endpoint detection and prevention measures. Implementing frequent training exercises to sensitize users to the risks of ransomware attacks is underlined, as is the need to have a clearly outlined incident response procedure in case of infections to enable the speedy handling of the attacks.This paper argues that an ability to comprehend the complexity of today’s ransomware, along with multiple layers of a defense system, will help organizations improve their readiness against this adaptive and continuous threat. This paper contains an analysis of the current state of ransomware and measures that need to be taken to curb the threat posed by this cyber threat; thus, it can serve as a valuable resource to cybersecurity experts.
PROPRIEDADES DO ÓLEO DE Carapa guianensis, Aubl., 1775 E SUAS APLICAÇÕES POTENCIAIS
Authors: Rodrigues Plúcia Franciane Ataíde , Santos Sara Nascimento dos , Galter Iasmini Nicoli , Wanzeler Ramila Tainara de Araújo Ataíde , Colman Carine Coneglian de Farias , Matsumoto Silvia Tamie , França Hildegardo Seibert
Published: July 2024

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a composição química, a atividade sequestradora de radicais livres, a citotoxicidade do óleo puro de Carapa guianensis (andiroba), bem como, testar as diversas condições de reação de Folin-Ciocalteu para quantificação de fenóis totais em óleo e óleo-resina (in natura). A atividade citotóxica usou células epiteliais CHO-K1. A capacidade antioxidante foi pelos métodos de 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) e 2,2-azinobis-(3-etil-benzotiazolin-6-ácido sulfônico) (ABTS). O método de Folin-Ciocalteu foi modificado para avaliar fenóis totais em óleos e substâncias resinosas. Diferentes abordagens foram testadas, incluindo a adição de tween 80 e a substituição de solventes, a fim de analisar os fenóis totais presentes nos óleos-resinas testados. Quanto a composição química utilizou-se cromatografia em camada delgada e cromatografia de fase gasosa acoplada ao espectrômetro de massa. A análise da citotoxidade do óleo de andiroba não resultou perda significativa da função mitocondrial com porcentagem de células viáveis variando de 82 a 127% da viabilidade celular. O óleo de C. guianensis apresentou concentração inibitória (IC50) de 254,2 ± 10 mg/mL e 274,9 ± 6,19 mg/mL para DPPH e ABTS, respectivamente. Em fenóis totais, para aplicação em óleos e substâncias resinosas foi substituído progressivamente a água por solvente apolar, possibilitando a análise quantitativa de fenóis totais presentes nas amostras testadas. Na prospecção fitoquímica pode-se observar somente a presença de ácidos graxos com mancha no mesmo fator de retenção do padrão de ácido oleico. Os compostos identificados por cromatografia de fase gasosa acoplada ao espectrômetro de massa foram derivados de ácidos graxos, como o ácido oléico, ácido palmítico, ácido esteárico e o ácido linoléico com área relativa de 32.85; 26.06; 13.28; 11.79 %, respectivamente. Com base no estudo, conclui-se que o óleo de andiroba possui atividade antioxidante in vitro, não apresenta citotoxicidade em células epiteliais CHO-K1 e é composto principalmente por ácido oleico e palmítico. Os dados obtidos no estudo podem ser úteis para metodologias realizadas em meio aquoso.
Facilitating Institutional Transformation in Namibian Public Higher Education Institutions through Transformational Leadership
Authors: Julian Du Plessis Davy , Teresa Charmaine Bock Jacqueline , Antonio Keyter Charles
Published: July 2024

Conventional leadership models are insufficient to address modern concerns regarding the institutional transformation of Namibia’s public institutions of higher education. Africa, especially Namibia, aims to utilize the transformational potential of education but encounters obstacles due to a lack of leadership and resources. The main objective of this article is to explore the challenges of institutional transformation at public institutions of higher education and the appropriateness of transformational leadership to drive successful and sustainable institutional transformation within Namibian public higher education institutions. The study employed a mixed-method approach, incorporating descriptive design and theme analysis. The data for the article was gathered via online surveys and semi-structured interviews with management from Namibian public universities. ATLAS.ti aided the thematic analysis, while descriptive statistics was employed for quantitative data analysis with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Ethical issues were rigorously adhered to during the study procedure. Essential leadership traits include respect, honesty, stakeholder involvement, and flexibility.Moreover, a lack of vision, inefficient communication, and an inability to acknowledge team efforts impede institutional transformation. These observations highlight the significance of leadership in enabling effective transformation. The study highlights the crucial importance of transformational leadership because this leadership model features all the qualities needed by a leader to drive a successful institutional transformation in Namibian higher education. The results are consistent with previous research, highlighting the significance of transformational leadership attributes in promoting effective institutional transformation.
Análisis factorial del trastorno disociativo de personalidad en alumnos de ingeniería en comunicación multimedia
Authors: Hernández Arroyo Enrique Noé
Published: July 2024

The objective of this research is to identify a possible relationship between a pathological profile of dissociation in higher education students, with respect to the variables of consumption of addictive substances, violence in childhood, eating disorders, cognitive dysfunctions and work stress. The selected methodology is based on correlational quantitative analysis, under an ex post facto research design. The measurement instruments used are the Dissociative Experiences questionnaire (DES II), the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-3), the Addictions test (dast-10), the Mini-Mental (MMSE), the of Child Abuse (CTQ-SF) and the Work Stress Inventory (CPP). With the above, it is suggested that the group diagnosed with a dissociative personality disorder presents significant differences with respect to the five variables evaluated; Furthermore, for this group there is a prevalence with a high index on the stress scales, characterized by a form of compulsion and the presence of discomfort at an organic level. For the group evaluated with a non-dissociative personality profile, incipient cases of abuse, physical neglect and sexual abuse were identified. This condition requires correct channeling and rehabilitation due to its high progression in self-destructive behaviors.
Parental perspectives of early adolescent neighbourhood outdoor play and physical activity: barriers and facilitators
Authors: Cox Lindsay , Wilson Helen
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Outdoor neighbourhood play supports physiological and psychological health among early adolescents (EA), typically aged 10-14.  Existing research is often grounded in socioecological theory emphasising the interconnectedness of individuals and their environments. It has also typically focused on parental perspectives of facilitators and barriers of neighbourhood play in younger children. Aims: This study aimed to ascertain facilitators and barriers of outdoor neighbourhood play as perceived by EA parents. Methods:  A purposive sample (n=11) of parents engaged in individual semi-structured interviews online via Microsoft Teams.  Transcripts underwent reflexive inductive thematic analysis, identifying six themes aligned with the research question within a socioecological framework.  Results:  Most parents (n=10) demonstrated an awareness and appreciation of the advantages of outdoor neighbourhood play. They identified barriers and facilitators to outdoor neighbourhood play across intrapersonal, interpersonal, community and policy levels. Safety concerns emerged as a barrier to outdoor play. However, technology mediated reported concerns and was perceived as a facilitator to outdoor play when combined with age-appropriate community clubs and improved built environment facilities. Conclusion: Parents acknowledged the advantages of outdoor neighbourhood play. Parents may restrict their EA’s participation due to safety concerns. The study highlighted a deficiency in age-appropriate facilities supporting safe outdoor neighbourhood play. Future research should focus on developing appropriate facilities and improving social cohesion to mitigate perceived safety concerns of parents. Such attempts may benefit from using technology to assuage parental safety concerns further and enhance overall safety of neighbourhood outdoor play experiences for EA.
Effect of high intensity, intermittent exercise on EyeGuide Focus smooth pursuit assessments in amateur female rugby union athletes
Authors: Walshe Ayrton , Daly Ed , Ryan Lisa
Published: July 2024

Ocular assessment tools provide insights into neurological functioning when diagnosing sport-related concussions (SRCs). Emerging technologies such as EyeGuide Focus have attempted to improve on pre-existing clinical tools however the reliability of the tool is currently uncertain and it is unclear if physical exertion may affect the validity of the device as seen with similar ocular assessments. The aim of this study was to determine if EyeGuide Focus accuracy is affected by high-intensity, intermittent exercise. Seven amateur female rugby union athletes were recruited (Mean age [± SD] = 23 ± 5 years; stature = 172 ± 4 cm, mass = 87 ± 20 kg). Athletes completed baseline testing on the unit which included two to four familiarisation trials and three official tests on the unit measured in arbitrary units (AUs). Testing was completed in a dark room free from distraction, and participants wore noise-cancelling headphones (BOSE QC45) during assessment. The athlete then performed a brief warmup before beginning the exercise protocol by Whyte et al. (2022, Phys Therapy Sport, 58, 126-133) which involves repeated circuits of acceleration, deceleration, backpedalling, change of direction, jumping, and side shuffling. This protocol has previously displayed significant effects on Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening testing. Athletes repeated circuits until they reported 17-18/20 on the Borg Scale with 30s between each circuit. Athletes then completed three more trials at five- and 10-mins post-exercise cessation. Data were exported to Microsoft Excel and Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences for analysis. Athletes completed an average of 03:15 ± 23 s total work in circuits. Significant differences existed between athlete’s heart rate at rest and post-warmup, post individual circuits, and five mins post-test (P < 0.05) but not 10 mins post-test (P > 0.05). Mean EyeGuide Focus scores were 23443.29 ± 8082.18, 35684.04 ± 13279.40, and 22927.64 ± 6377.61 AUs at baseline, 5 mins post-test, and 10 mins post-test respectively. Scores were significantly different between baseline and 5 mins post-test (P < 0.001), and between 5- and 10-mins post-test (P < 0.001), but not baseline and 10 mins post-test (P > 0.848). Three mins of high-intensity, intermittent exercise was sufficient to induce significant changes in amateur female athletes’ EyeGuide Focus scores, returning to baseline after 10 mins of rest. The findings indicate that physical activity can impact on EyeGuide Focus scores and thus sufficient rest is required when assessing athletes for SRCs. Future research should investigate if sport-related contact or collisions also impact scoring on this device.
Investigating the relationship between minute ventilation and metabolic contribution in long COVID: A retrospective cohort study utilizing cardiopulmonary exercise testing
Authors: Tennant Ellie , Faghy Mark
Published: July 2024

Long COVID (LC) presents as a complex and debilitating condition characterized by persistent, episodic symptoms that significantly impact individuals' quality of life and functional capabilities (Brown et al., 2021, BMJ Glob Health, 6). There are several hypotheses for the underlying pathophysiology and mechanisms of long COVIDs nature. This study aims to explore the association between minute ventilation and metabolic contribution in individuals experiencing long-term COVID-19 symptoms. Utilising cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), acknowledged as precise, non-invasive prognostic tools, to evaluate cardio-respiratory response to incremental exercise, aiding in the assessment of impaired cardio-respiratory function and perfusion. A cohort observation study was conducted, involving patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses and persistent symptoms three months post-infection, aged between 18 to 65 years. Patients undergo three visits at the university: a baseline assessment, followed by two sessions involving the CPET, spaced 24 hours apart. The baseline visit includes gathering anthropometric data, lung function tests (MIP/MEP), questionnaires, symptom profiling and functional capacity assessments (6MWT and TUG). Data from these assessments determine CPET starting loads based on three stratas: Strata I (6MWD < 350 m, starting load of 10 W), Strata II (6MWD 350-400 m, starting load of 20 W), and Strata III (6MWD > 400 m, starting load of 30 W). Subsequent sub-maximal CPET sessions are conducted to test integrated physiological responses to exercise while preventing PEM/PESE. Measurements include pulmonary gas exchange, ventilation, ventilatory thresholds, and blood profiling. Analysis at present is ongoing. No adverse events or serious adverse events occurred during data collection. Results from this investigation provide insights into the physiological mechanisms underlying long COVID and contribute to the development of tailored management strategies for affected individuals. CPET is the gold standard for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and is vital for understanding LC treatment (Faghy et al., 2024, Prog Card Disease). The use of 2-day CPET methods are increasingly used to identify aerobic deficits and physiological deficits in chronic diseases like ME/CFS and LC. Despite risks, CPET measurements offer insight into pulmonary-vascular function and CRF impairment post-COVID-19 infection (Faghy et al., 2020, Brit J Anaes, 125, 447-449).
Comparing IMU outputs between 1st team and U18 female soccer players throughout preseason
Authors: Smith Anna , Donnelly Julia , White Andrew , Scobie Nairn
Published: July 2024

With growth in professionalism, popularity and revenue in women’s soccer, greater investment is being made throughout academy environments to ensure young players can reach the physical, physiological, and technical demands of the sport. However, limited evidence exists to support the transition at club level between youth academy and senior players, and there is ambiguity in determining differences in physical loading. Thus, this study aimed to compare physical inertial measurement units (IMU) outputs between female U18 academy players and professional soccer players throughout pre-season. Participants were recruited from the same Scottish women’s soccer team U18 squad (n = 19, mean ± SD age = 16.5 ± 0.6 years) and 1st Team (n= 23, mean ± SD age = 25.1 ± 5.6 years) during the 2023/24 season. Top speed (m/s), distance covered (m), sprint count (n), and count of acceleration and deceleration actions (n) from IMU output were analysed (Playermaker). Descriptive statistics summarised key findings, with inferential methods utilised to determine variances between squads. Multivariate tests reported statistical significance at P < 0.05 between squads for physical metrics measured from 66 training sessions and 10 games. Results found mean weekly distance was significantly higher for U18 players in comparison to 1st team (6,252 ± 1,480 vs. 5,076 ± 2,064 m, P < 0.01). Mean weekly top speed was significantly higher in 1st team in comparison to U18 squad (6.33 ± 0.34 vs. 6.03 ± 0.34 m·s−1, P < 0.01). Mean weekly sprint count was significantly higher in 1st team versus U18 (11 ± 10 vs. 5 ± 5, P < 0.01). No significant differences were highlighted for count of acceleration and deceleration actions between squads (P > 0.05). These findings show that although U18s are exposed to a greater volume, this is performed at lower intensities within the pre-season window, and therefore potentially not replicating the high intensity intermittent nature of the game. These findings suggest the introduction of individualised speed thresholds appropriate for developmental state. Furthermore, formatting future training to incorporate more anaerobic physiological adaptations to help prepare academy players for the physical demands of professional soccer.
An exploration of the deceptive effects of caffeine on morning performance
Authors: Blow Liv , Snowe Hayden , Chadwick Michael , Brownrigg Ellie , Fernley Jack , Middleton Harvey , Porritt George , Hajdukiewicz Dani , Durkin Kyle , Edwards Ben J.
Published: July 2024

To compete in evening finals, athletes typically compete in competition heats or quarterfinals in the morning when their bodies are biologically weaker. Performance related qualities that are greater in the evening include force production, power output (~3-14% variation), time-trial performance, and repeated sprints which is ~3 and 5% greater (Drust et al., 2005, Acta Physiol Scand, 183, 181-190). The body clock, motivation and higher core and muscle temperatures in the evening are all related to this daily fluctuation in performance. The most effective nutritional ergogenic for performance is caffeine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of deception, a placebo pill vs. No Pill on repeated sprint performance (RSP) and grip strength (GP). The experimental protocol was approved by the institution ethics board. Nine participants ingested 1 pill (maltodextrin) at 06:30 h, entered the laboratory at 07:00 h and had their ear temperature recorded. They then completed a Perceived Onset of Mood questionnaire followed by measures of right- and left-hand grip strength followed by a repeated sprints protocol (10 × 20m, 30 s rest periods). Blood lactate, glucose levels and ear temperature were recorded three times during the protocol – with heart rate, rating of perceived exertion and finishing times (Witty GATE, Microgate Srl, Bolzano, Italy) measured at the end of each sprint. The data was analysed by General Linear modelling with repeated measures.
Modeling of thermodynamic processes in internal combustion engine cylinder during cranking in compression measurement tests
Authors: Khrulev Alexander Eduard , Saraiev Oleksii Victorovich , Saraieva Iryna Yuryevna , Vorobiov Oleksandr Mykolayovych
Published: July 2024

The thermodynamics of in-cylinder processes of the internal combustion engine in cranking mode when measuring compression were examined. Analysis of various theoretical models and comparison of known data showed that the problems of constructing mathematical models of the engine operating cycle remain unresolved. The vast majority of practical data and recommendations for measuring cylinder compression are based on empirical knowledge, numerous experiments and tests. In accordance with this, there is a need for computational models of the compression measurement process and their theoretical justification. To solve the identified problems, a mathematical model of the thermodynamic processes in the cylinder was developed. Unlike existing ones, the model describes the processes in the cylinder step by step, taking into account the real nature of the intake-exhaust processes, air leakage through the interfaces of parts and heat exchange with the walls. Using modeling, the main patterns of changes in compression depending on the modes, the nature of damage to the associated parts of the valve mechanism and cylinder-piston group, the amount of leakage and engine temperature were found. Based on the results of the study, the properties of the model which make its use effective in diagnosing and monitoring the technical condition of engines in operation were concluded.