bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dependence of size and weight indices of European spruce tree branches on their phytocoenotic state
Authors: Гурьянов М.О. , Антонов О.И. , Джикович Ю.В.
Published: January 2021

Изучение структуры кроны является важным элементом как экологических, так и лесоводственных исследований. Интенсивное лесовыращивание подразумевает проведение регулярных рубок ухода, а также выполнение многоприемной обрезки ветвей для получения высококачественной бессучковой древесины. При этом производительность работ связана с количественными параметрами кроны: числом живых и сухих ветвей в мутовке, диаметрами ветвей, количеством мутовок и др. В результате исследований, проведенных в искусственных древостоях ели, были изучены количественно-весовые параметры крон у деревьев разных классов роста. Установлено, что интенсивность роста ветвей, а также процесс очистки ствола от сучьев в значительной степени зависят от фитоценотического положения деревьев.

The study of crown structure is an important element of both ecological and silvicultural research. Intensive reforestation involves regular thinning and multi-stage pruning for getting high quality knot-free timber. At the same time, the productivity ofthe work is related to the quantitative parameters of the crown: the number of living and dry branches in a whorl, branch diameters, the number of whorls, etc. As a result of studies carried out in artificial stands of spruce of different ages, the quantitative and weight parameters of crowns in trees of different growth classes were established. It was also found that the intensity of branch growth, as well as the process of clearing the trunk from branches, largely depend on the phytocenotic position of trees.
Performance and Phytochemical Content of 22 Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Varieties
Authors: Hooks Triston , Niu Genhua , Masabni Joe , Sun Youping , Ganjegunte Girisha
Published: January 2021

Pomegranate is a drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant crop. Its fruits contain high levels of phytochemicals that have many health benefits. Pomegranate has the potential to be an alternative crop in areas where water availability is limited, such as west Texas. However, more than 500 pomegranate varieties are estimated to exist worldwide, and little is known about which varieties are suitable for growing in the west Texas region. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the field performance of 22 pomegranate varieties, specifically based on phenology, resistance to sunburn, fruit split, fruit rot (resistance was calculated by subtracting the percent incidence by 100), yield, fruit phytochemicals, and Brix over the course of 3 years from 2016 to 2018. Cold damage, caused by below-freezing temperatures encountered from Nov. 2018 to Feb. 2019, was also evaluated in Apr. 2019. Our results showed significant varietal differences in nearly all response variables measured, indicating that varietal selection is important for pomegranate production for specific regions, such as west Texas. Leaf budding ranged from 47 to 62 days in 2016, 41 to 54 days in 2017, and 49 to 60 days in 2018. Anthesis ranged from 87 to 119 days in 2016, 80 to 94 days in 2017, and 92 to 114 days in 2018. Fruit resistance to split was broad and ranged from 7.3% to 79.1% in 2017 and from 14.2% to 99.7% in 2018. Fruit sunburn resistance ranged from 14.0% to 64.6% in 2017 and from 28.3% to 90.0% in 2018. Fruit heart rot incidence was nominal for all varieties. Total phenolic compound contents of the pomegranate fruit juice ranged from 0.81 to 1.52 mg GAE/mL, and the total antioxidant capacity ranged from 3.44 to 6.81 mg TE/mL. The yield per tree ranged from 1.00 to 7.96 kg in 2017 and from 0.81 to 10.26 kg in 2018. Brix ranged from 12.5% to 17.4% in 2017 and from 13.9% to 18.4% in 2018. Early winter below-freezing temperatures caused different degrees of cold damage; however, 5 of 22 varieties that originated from Russia did not show any cold damage. Results of a hierarchical cluster analysis based on the means of the key response variables of yield and Brix indicated that four varieties (Al-Sirin-Nar, Russian 8, Ben Ivey, and Salavatski) were notable for having both high yield and high Brix.
Winter Survival and Second-year Spring Yields of Day-neutral Strawberry Are Influenced by Cultivar and the Presence of Low Tunnels
Authors: Orde Kaitlyn M. , Sideman Rebecca Grube
Published: January 2021

Day-neutral (DN) strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) cultivars have potential to produce high yields in New England and greatly extend the period of regional strawberry production each year. However, DN strawberries have primarily been evaluated as an annual crop in cold climates; thus, winter hardiness and subsequent second-year spring yields are not well understood. Separate DN plantings were established as dormant bare-rooted plants in Durham, NH (U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zone 5b) in 2017 and 2018. During their first year of growth and fruit production, plants were grown under one of two cover treatments: a plastic-covered low tunnel or the traditional open field environment (open beds). In November, plants were covered with either straw much (Winter 2017–18) or rowcover (Winter 2018–19) for low-temperature protection during the winter months. In the spring of the second year when winter protection was removed, the same cover treatments (low tunnel or open bed) were re-administered to plants. Plant survival was affected by year and cultivar, with average survival rates of 82% and 98% in Spring 2018 and Spring 2019, respectively. Plant survival ranged from 34% (‘Monterey’) to 99% (‘Aromas’) in 2018, and 92% (‘Albion’) to 100% (‘San Andreas’ and ‘Seascape’) in 2019. Cultivar significantly affected total and marketable yields in both years, and marketable yields ranged from 35.8 to 167.3 g/plant in 2018 and 121.6 to 298.6 g/plant in 2019. The greatest marketable yields were produced by ‘Aromas’, ‘Cabrillo’, ‘San Andreas’, ‘Seascape’, and low-tunnel ‘Sweet Ann’. In 2019, ‘Cabrillo’, ‘San Andreas’, and ‘Seascape’ produced greater marketable yields during the 6-week second-year season than they had during the plants’ first year of fruit production the previous year, which spanned 18 weeks. Low tunnels hastened fruit ripening in the spring and result in earlier fruit harvests, and in 2019, marketable yields were significantly greater under low tunnels for the first 1 to 3 weeks, depending on cultivar. Total and marketable yields were unaffected by low tunnels in 2018, but were significantly greater under low tunnels in 2019. For cultivars in the 2019 experiment, the increase in marketable yield under low tunnels (compared with open beds) ranged from 92.3 to 166.5 g/plant, except for Sweet Ann, for which marketable yields were 256.6 g/plant greater under low tunnels than on open beds. Using a conservative direct market rate of $4.50/lb, the second-year spring yields produced in the present study had a direct market value of between $3899/ha and $95,647/ha, depending on cultivar and year. We demonstrate that it is not only possible to overwinter DN strawberry plants in northern New England, but that the second-year yield may even exceed first-year production. The results from the present study indicate great potential for profitability from an overwintered DN crop.
Weed Suppression Potential of Living Mulches, Newspaper Hydromulches, and Compost Blankets in Organically Managed Carrot Production
Authors: Puka-Beals Jesse , Gramig Greta
Published: January 2021

Direct seeding into strip-tilled zones (STZs) of living mulches may require weed suppression tactics for soil surfaces exposed within the STZ. Three surface mulch options (hydromulch, compost blanket, and a no-mulch control) were evaluated for their ability to suppress weeds and improve crop performance when applied in STZs seeded to carrot (Daucus carota). These STZs were located within one of five living mulch options [red clover (Trifolium pratense), white clover (Trifolium repens), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), a weed-free control, and a weedy control]. From measurements spanning 2 years at two North Dakota locations, dry weed biomass was lower in STZs where hydromulch or compost blankets were applied compared with the no-mulch control (12, 13, and 82 g·m−2, respectively). The presence of a living mulch adjacent to the STZ reduced carrot root biomass by 49% to 84% compared with the weed-free control. Further research should 1) investigate methods for reducing yield loss from living mulches, and 2) develop biodegradable alternatives to plastic mulches.
A Consideration of the Relationship Between Music and Collective Identity: From the Viewpoint of Cultural Psychology of Music
Authors: Đorđević Ana
Published: January 2021

The aim of the present study lies in an effort of converging anthropological, ethnomusicological and psychological approach to the relationship between music and collective identity. Music is considered a socio-cultural artifact, which mediates the processes of collective identity construction, and whose function in such process can be multiple. In order to understand the ways in which it is sutured into (in)formal processes of collective (self)identification, we propose simultaneous consideration of various dimensions: cultural, social, political, psychological. Although there already has been interdisciplinary research of the role of music in the emergence of identity, we advocate for a more complementary approach, by a consideration of the psychological accounts, adjusted to the needs of ethno-anthropological analysis. As the most comprehensive theoretical approach, we propose cultural psychology of music. Future empirical research on specific identity processes mediation by music as cultural artifact, should include the analysis of intersecting local and global social trends, aspects of musicological analysis, specificities of psychological development of identity, the role of socio-political strategies of identity formation, and, last but not least, cultural specificity of the community in focus of the research. We find the complexity of the phenomenon in focus to be obligatory for the complexity of the theoretical and methodological approach.
Vinča Burials in the Research of Miloje M. Vasić
Authors: Palavestra Aleksandar , Milosavljević Monika
Published: January 2021

Miloje M. Vasić (1869–1956) is considered to be the founding father of Serbian archaeology. This paper directly challenges, as based on detailed archival research, the prevailing view that his excavation of the Vinča archaeological site is a model standard for Serbian archaeology. Instead, Vasić’s handling of the excavation was selective, non-systematic and destructive when viewed today from the perspective of modern practices.

Vasić originally gained authority based on the discovery of Vinča, a prehistoric archaeological site that contains layers from the Neolithic to the middle ages. In his zeal to uncover “prehistory”, he deliberately ignored the other archaeological layers present. The most significant example of neglected archaeological remains is his excavations of Vinča’s medieval cemetery where he did not document observations systematically. This prioritization of the importance of one archaeological period over another was reflected in the further development of archaeology in Serbia, so that medieval archaeology was treated as marginal and second-rate compared to others.

The aim of this paper, therefore, is to contextualize Vasić’s approach through the methods used in the history of archaeology. The key research question thereof is how Miloje M. Vasić failed to document the burials at the Vinča site, which is the consequent reason why there is little to no documented evidence of them.

The theoretical and methodological basis of the analysis is based on the approach of Gavin Lucas who views the creation of the primary field documentation as testimony. Lucas notes that the debate concerning knowledge production had drifted from merely an epistemological issue to a phenomenon centered around archaeological practice. Here the key questions have come to concern the social and material setting of knowledge production and not the objective coherence of the argument.

Burials that were noted in Vasić’s documentation are categorized into four groups: 1) unwanted or medieval burials; 2) incidental burials originating from prehistory 3) an “ossuary” from Vinča containing nine skeletons and 4) imagined multiple cremations based on one found cremation. Therefore, even while documenting several “lateral” prehistoric graves, he entirely omitted any thorough documentation of the medieval cemetery, considering them of less import.

If there is any lesson that may be learned from this journey through the history of archaeological practice, it is that archaeological documentation as a form of testimony should be done ethically, adequately and responsibly. It should not be done according to the practices of the “bad science” of its founding-fathers.
Biography of a Painted Vessel from Starčevo: Discovering Layers of Meaning
Authors: Bajčev Olga
Published: January 2021

Scientific interest in the painted pottery of the Starčevo culture in Serbia dates back to the very beginnings of research and the first works on the relative-chronological systematization of the Early and Middle Neolithic of the central Balkans. This paper presents the deconstruction of our established notion of painted ceramics as the ultimate parameter of relative-chronological dating, the most representative material reflection of the cultural identity of the people of Starčevo culture and the highest achievements of Starčevo culture. The paper discusses circumstances and archaeological practices through which this ingrained view and knowledge of painted pottery was formed. The research is based on the analysis of the biography of a painted vessel from the Starčevo-Grad site, having in mind that a detailed life history of an object can shed light on wider phenomena in the archaeological discipline. The aim of this paper is to remind that objects do not have a single essential meaning, but that their meaning shifts and builds through changes in the historical and social context, as well as through changes of actors gathered around certain practices in which the objects are used. The biography of the painted vessel is therefore viewed as a series of assemblages of relations in two planes, through which its identity and layers of meaning were built. The first plane is the Neolithic, in which the focus is on the practices of painting and use, and the second is her life in the role of an archaeological artifact, during which she moves from the sphere of scientific research and musealization to the sphere of negotiating contemporary cultural identities. By applying a new analytical approach, we discovered that this vessel was not very skilfully and carefully painted, and that as such it does not testify to the highest achievements of Starčevo culture, but to a social practice, learning, apprentices and mastering the skill of pottery painting. Therefore, I believe that by reducing painted pottery to relative-chronological parameters and luxury objects, we lose sight of the possibilities through which we can build much more diverse interpretations of the past.
The New Normal and Covid-19 in Serbia from February to May 2020.
Authors: Žikić Bojan , Stajić Mladen , Pišev Marko
Published: January 2021

The situation caused by the appearance of Covid-19 can be viewed as a critical event: typologically, it is an unprecedented event, which requires and shapes new forms of historical action hitherto unknown in the given context. Critical events serve as strong value and emotional landmarks in the cultural cognition of each social environment, and form the basis for a meaningful determination towards other events. Using material collected primarily from the online versions of electronic and printed media, we consider how the reality they presented is shaped through the news through the statements of politicians and medical doctors in Serbia. We trace how the narrative transformation of socio-cultural reality took place from the time before the of Covid-19 outbreak in our country to the time immediately after the lifting of the state of emergency declared due to that infection. The premise of all that is being done to tackle the infection is not a purpose in itself, but aims to enable a return to the life we were accustomed to before the outbreak of the epidemic. Covid-19 destabilizes our everyday life – a life that consists of work or study, use of free time, socializing etc. Such everyday life is a reference point of "normalcy". Socio-cultural normalcy refers to all that is understood as a normal and undisturbed course of everyday life. The appearance of Covid-19 gave rise to the notion of the "new normal", that is, a course of everyday life that is similar to normal, ordinary life, but with adherence to measures aimed at preventing the spread of infection by the authorities. In the paper we deal with the period that begins just before the outbreak of Covid-19 in our country, and ends with the period after the lifting of the state of emergency, to show the discursively produced picture of social reality in which the concept of the "new normal" serves as a cultural cognitive tool for understanding a situation in which one has to live with Covid-19 in order to one day be able to return to the way of life that existed before it.
Petrović’s Phenomenology and Florensky’s Platonism
Authors: Milovanović Miloš
Published: January 2021

Mihailo Petrović Alas’s mathematical phenomenology has been studied in the philosophy of the magical name, which is a mythological approach to Platonism originating with Pavel Florensky. The inadequacy of its interpretations lies in the impossibility of being expressed through the language of modern mathematics which is based on the concept of sets. In this respect, Petrović’s phenomenology requires a methodological advance, which this paper discusses. The emphasis is on the spectral method that merges phenomena into a continuum, thus establishing a connection to the Pythagorean myth. The use of kynematical concepts in the description of spectral rhythm suggests that the digit positions of the positioning system denote time, which makes the continuum a developed magical name.
The Body as a Source of Meaning in the Culture of Remembrance: The Reputational Entrepreneurship of the Characters of Yugoslav National Heroes
Authors: Lučić Todosić Ivana
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper is to explore the patterns and meanings to be found in the characters of Yugoslav national heroes who met a violent death in World War II. These are heroes who belong to the type of martyr heroes, and their sacrifice is highly rated in all patriotic mythologies. Created to denote the heroism of the chosen, they have sublimated the meaning and symbolism of one remembrance of the war. The death of these national heroes will be analyzed through their official biographies, which served to represent the characters of the National Heroes of Yugoslavia and keep the heroic symbol-names ever present in the collective group memory. Through their characters, a specific wartime experience and the martyr’s death of the national hero who died for the freedom of the Yugoslav peoples, as seen by the victors in this war drama, were transmitted to the citizens of Yugoslavia. Various patterns of wartime heroism (warrior, martyr, leader heroism) were represented as national patriotism, and the fighters and martyrs of the war of national liberation were named. The characteristics of  the reputational entrepreneurship of these heroes’ characters are specifically explored, taking into account the characteristics of the discourse through which they were interpreted and presented. On the other hand, the limitations of this discourse provide an opportunity to deconstruct certain common traits of a certain hero type and discover the latent meanings conveyed by the characters of Yugoslav national heroes as actors of a historical-political myth.
Review of Anomaly Detection Based on Log Analysis
Authors: Wu Xudong
Published: January 2021

The development of the Internet and the emergence of large-scale systems promote the rapid development of society, and bring a lot of convenience to people. Then comes the problem of network security, privacy theft, malicious attacks and other illegal acts still exist, a qualified software system will log the key operation behavior of the software. Therefore, log analysis has become an important means of anomaly detection. Based on log analysis, this paper consulted the related literature on anomaly detection, elaborated the research status of anomaly detection based on log analysis from the aspects of template matching, rule self-generation and outlier analysis, and analyzed the challenges faced by anomaly detection based on log analysis.
Exotic $\mathbb{Z}_N$ symmetries, duality, and fractons in 3+1-dimensional quantum field theory
Authors: Seiberg Nathan , Shao Shu-Heng
Published: January 2021

Following our earlier analyses of nonstandard continuum quantum field theories, we study here gapped systems in 3+1 dimensions, which exhibit fractonic behavior. In particular, we present three dual field theory descriptions of the low-energy physics of the X-cube model. A key aspect of our constructions is the use of discontinuous fields in the continuum field theory. Spacetime is continuous, but the fields are not.
ERKEN ÇOCUKLUKTA GÖRÜLEN DAVRANIŞ PROBLEMLERİNİN ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: IŞIK Esra
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırmada erken çocuklukta görülen davranış problemlerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma grubunu Ankara ili Keçiören ilçesine bağlı 7 bağımsız anaokulunda bulunan 177 çocuk ve çocukların öğretmenlerinin (34) oluşturduğu çalışma, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeline ve kesitsel tarama desenine göre tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmada verilerin elde edilmesinde “Okulöncesi ve Anaokulu Davranış Ölçeği (AODÖ)” ile araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen “Öğretmen Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin normal dağılmaması nedeniyle, iki gruplu karşılaştırmalarda Mann-Whitney U testi, üç ve daha fazla gruplu karşılaştırmalarda ise Kruskall-Wallis H testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, okul öncesi dönem çocuklarında görülen davranış problemlerinin çocukların cinsiyetine, yaşına, daha öncesinde herhangi bir eğitim kurumuna gitme durumuna, çocuğun sakatlık, özür ya da özel eğitim gerektiren durumu ile ailenin gelir düzeyine göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılık gösterdiği; buna karşın çocuğun kardeş sayısı, anne ve baba yaşı ile anne ve baba eğitim durumuna göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Research on seismic response of new lining structured of shallow double-arch tunnels under unsymmetrical pressure
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhou Wang , Jiang Xueliang , Wenchen Fan , Yu Lei
Published: January 2021

A physical test model of a new lining structure for a shallow double-arch tunnels under unsymmetrical pressure with a scale of 1:20 was designed and manufactured. Kobe seismic waves and EI seismic waves were selected as the loading waves and a large-scale shaking table test was carried out. The acceleration and dynamic strain response of shallow double-arch tunnels under unsymmetrical pressure under different seismic wave types and seismic intensities are studied. The results show: Under different seismic wave excitations, only the horizontal acceleration amplification factor of the left-hole vault, right-hole invert and the top right of the mid-partition is less than 1, and the horizontal acceleration amplification factors of other measurement points are all greater than 1. The measurement points with relatively large horizontal acceleration response are the left-hole shoulder, the top left of the mid-partition, the right-hole vault and shoulder; The overall response of the right half-arch of the left-hole is greater than the left half-arch of the left-hole, and the overall response of the left half-arch of the right-hole is greater than the right half-arch of the right-hole. The measured points in the left half-arch of the left-hole and the right half-arch of the right-hole have small differences in acceleration response; The effects of Kobe wave on horizontal acceleration and vertical acceleration are greater than EI wave, and the average value of the vertical acceleration response of the lining is greater than the average value of the horizontal acceleration response. With the increase of seismic intensity, the larger the acceleration amplification factor is, the greater the increase is; Under the action of different seismic waves, the seismic wave excitation has a greater impact on the dynamic strain response of the left-hole, and less impact on the right-hole. Among them, the strain value of the left-hole shoulder, left-hole invert and the top left of the mid-partition is much larger than the other measurement points, the trend of the right-hole is relatively gentle, and the strain values of the shoulder are slightly larger. The research conclusions have certain guidance and reference value for the seismic design of shallow double-arch tunnels under unsymmetrical pressure.
Mother Tongue Attitude Scale ( MTAS)
Authors: KASAP Suleyman
Published: January 2021

The main aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement scale that can be used to identify the bilingual individual’s attitude towards a mother tongue that is undergoing attrition due to a dominant second language. Scale research was applied to a total of 439 Kurdish-Turkish bilingual participants aged from 17-35 living in Turkey. An exploratory factor analysis and a reliability analysis were performed to determine the validity of the scale. The scale developed according to the results of exploratory factor analysis consists of 12 items in total from three dimensions, behavioral, cognitive and affective. KMO measure adequacy was found to be 0.874 and the strength of the relationship among variables by the Bartlett test was found to be 2047.005 and Chi-square output was statistically significant (p<0.05). The item factor loadings of the scale ranged from 0.845 to 0.613, and item total correlation values ranged from 0.671 to 0.478. In addition, the total Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.874; accordingly, the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficients for the sub-dimensions of the scale were estimated to be between 0.801 and 0.8769. Moreover, the fit indices of the model were examined and the Chi-square value (x2 = 256.01, N = 439, do = 51, p = 0.00) was significant. The fit index values of the scale were: AGFI=0.86, RMSEA= 0.096, SRMR=0.066, CFI=0.90, IFI=0.95, NFI=0.94, NNFI= 0.94. It was concluded that the scale developed for this study is valid and reliable, theoretically providing a basis for evaluating the attitude of individuals towards their mother tongues.
Psychological Symptom Cluster of the Whistleblower as a Personality
Authors: Smirnov A. V. , Dukhnovsky S. V. , Gvardychenko V. V.
Published: January 2021

The phenomenon of whistleblowing has always attracted scientific attention and received quite a definitive interpretation. However, the popular evaluation of whistleblowing remains ambiguous: it ranges from extremely negative to demands to legalize it as a social institution, which makes related studies highly relevant. Law, phenomenology, sociology, and behavioral studies have their own definitions of this phenomenon. As a result, its overall understanding still remains multifaceted, as each science focuses on its own epidemiological and etiological factors and proceeds from its own methodology in assessing the consequences of whistleblowing as negative or positive. The authors analyzed numerous scientific sources and revealed a lack of empirical research about the whistleblower as a personality, e.g. personal dispositions, components, structure, motivations, social consequences, etc. The paper introduces some materials that partially fill this gap. The authors used a specialized projective diagnostic technique (BUK-MIF v.7.2) to study various manifestations of human personality. The first stage of the research involved a handwriting analysis of denunciation samples dated 1826–1988. After that, the results were compared with the data of similar psychographic diagnostics in control groups and groups of respondents with addictive behavior. The authors used data factorization, regression, variance, and graphical data analysis to identify the psychological symptom cluster of a whistleblower as a personality. After defining its stability and differentiating properties, the authors built an empirical model of motivation for the act of whistleblowing and described its intentional, regulatory, cognitive, dispositional, and beneficial components.
Narrative Peculiarities in Translation: Lexical Units Pauvre and Bonhomme in G. Flaubert's novel Madame Bovary
Authors: Karapets V. V.
Published: January 2021

The present research featured some narrative peculiarities, which could belong both to the narrator or other characters and violate the initial focalization. The paper focuses on zero focalization and evaluation of personages. The research objective was to analyze Russian equivalents of adjective pauvre and substantive bonhomme, which contain subjective evaluation in character’s nomination. The research featured fragments from G. Flaubert’s novel Madame Bovary and its nine Russian translations. They were selected according to the continuous sampling method and then analyzed using the comparative method. The study was based on mono- and bilingual Russian and French dictionaries. The multiple translations often preserved the original evaluation, especially in case of pauvre. Unlike bonhomme, pauvre has more Russian equivalents. Therefore, lexical isomorphism was not always preserved in translation: in some cases, the evaluation was neutralized, or even opposed to the original one, and Russian variants acquired extra semantic and stylistic meanings. These flaws may change the initial narrator-character or character-narrator point of view. They could have resulted from the lack of Russian equivalents. In early translations, they might be explained by the translator’s choice of obsolete words with an archaic effect or adding extra semantic and stylistic information. In some cases, translators might have ignored the original meaning or could have been misled by the overall peculiarities of the narrative. The research can contribute to bilingual corpora of parallel texts, as well as to textbooks on comparative lexicology.
S. Dovlatov’s Aphorisms: Structural and Semantic Features
Authors: Kholomeenko O. M. , Kvitko A. I.
Published: January 2021

The research featured theoretical issues of aphorism as a linguistic phenomenon. The article introduces its main semantic and stylistic characteristics that distinguish it from other phenomena, e.g. proverbs, idioms, sayings, quotations, etc. Linguists define aphorism as a literary genre, a sphere of knowledge, and a linguistic phenomenon. The present study focused on the linguistic approach to aphorisms coined by S. Dovlatov. Aphorisms are certified, reproducible, separable, concise, and have concept words. The authors studied the keywords the aphorisms are based on, related graphic and expressive means, and the structure of contextual aphorisms. S. Dovlatov's aphorisms proved to be contextual, since he never published aphorisms as a separate book. In his Compromise and March of the Lonely, the authors distinguished aphorisms and aphoristic utterances, which differed in structure Aphorisms consisted of one to three sentences, while aphoristic utterances included up to five sentences. S. Dovlatov’aphorisms included the following semantic features. For instance, they could be divided into thematic groups, e.g. "journalism", "freedom", "lie vs. truth", "moral qualities", "attitude to life", etc., with corresponding keywords, e.g. "decent person", "scoundrel", "provocateur", "journalist", etc. Another distinctive semantic feature was the active use of different stylistic devices, e.g. gradation, epithet, metonymy, etc., which verbalized emotions. In addition, S. Dovlatov often used contextual synonyms and antonyms. Most aphorisms revealed their implicit semantics only if the reader shared common background knowledge with the author. The structural features included comparative constructions, verb-noun phrases, and elliptic constructions as a marker of implicit semantics and catalyst of the reader's experience. The use of aphorisms could be attributed to the features of Dovlatov's creative manner. However, their ironic tone become clear only if the reader shares the same cultural code with the author. Further studies may be based on a linguacultural approach to S. Dovlatov's aphorisms.
Hybrid Characteristics of Prefixed Verbs in Yiddish
Authors: Shishigin K. A.
Published: January 2021

The research objective was to show the hybrid characteristics of prefixed verbs in Yiddish caused by its contact with Semitic and Slavic languages. The Yiddish system of verb prefixes, in particular, those with hybrid polysemy, is a phenomenon when the German form and German content acquired a very similar Slavic meaning. As a result, such prefixes retained the features of their German equivalents, while modifying their semantic, morphosyntactic, and word-formation potential. This phenomenon affected some Yiddish verbs under the impact of contacts with adstratum languages and intralinguistic tendencies. The present research featured Yiddish verbs with the ariber- prefix. The analysis revealed that Slavic adstratum semantic characteristics caused the hybridization of the Yiddish system of verb prefixes. As a result, Yiddish prefixed verbs were able to describe and conceptualize situations left out by the German language, but indicated by Slavic languages. To describe the same situation, the same base word in Yiddish could be combined with a larger amount of prefixes than in German and Slavic languages. Thus, synonymous series of prefix verbs in Yiddish occurred as a result of the hybridization of its German-based system with elements borrowed from Semitic and Slavic languages.
Yiddish Phraseology: Ill Wishes
Authors: Shishigin K. A. , Laukhina K. S.
Published: January 2021

The present research featured Yiddish idioms of ill-wishing, which can be considered as both phraseological units and micro-texts. The study featured semantic and stylistic analysis, analysis of dictionary definitions, and the traditional descriptive method. The authors tried to answer some current issues using the case of Yiddish ill wishes. The paper focuses on cultural, mythological, religious, and universal foundations of phraseology, as well as the functions of the idioms in question. It introduces some thematic and semantic characteristics of Yiddish ill wishes, e.g. get-ill wishes, death-wishes, ill wishes per se, cursing one’s family, etc., as well as their lexical and grammatical stylistic features. Yiddish ill wishes proved to form a specific component of the Yiddish lexicon, motivated by both popular and less obscure religious, historical, and cultural archetypes and scenarios. It is their external and internal form that makes these phraseological units ill wishes: stylistically and pragmatically, they represent humorous and sarcastic phraseological units of reproachful character and interjective nature. The research results can be used for further linguistic and cultural studies.
The History of the Russian Far East during the Late Imperial Period in the Works of English- and German-language Researchers
Authors: Anan'eva D. A.
Published: January 2021

The Russian Far East saw rapid development in the latter half of XIX – early XX centuries. The Eastern periphery of the Russian Empire attracted attention of foreign scientists. The objective of the present research was to analyze works published by American, British, and German researchers in the second half of XIX – early XXI centuries and devoted to the "late Imperial" history of the Russian Far East. Since the very first foreign publications on the history of accession of the Amur and Primorye regions, foreign studies focused not only on Russia’s foreign policy and military aspects of its eastward expansion but also on the geographical, demographic, social, and economic factors of the colonization. In the late XX century, Western publications featured mostly intercultural, inter-ethnic, and sociocultural problems, as well as ideological aspects of state policy and the changing image of the Russian Far East. English- and German-language scholars offered a great variety of concepts; however, two main trends stood out quite clearly. Most researchers emphasized the impact of the geopolitical context and the role of Russia’s expansionist policy, as the country fought for power in the Pacific Rim. However, some authors acknowledged Russia's objective necessity to strengthen its position on the Pacific coast, protect its Far Eastern territories, and develop their economy.
Peculiarities in assessing occupational health risks for workers who are in contact with aerosols containing fine-dispersed dust particles
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Railway Hygiene, Bldg. 1, 1 Pakgauznoe shosse, Moscow, 125438, Russian Federation, Vil'k M.F. , Sachkova O.S. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Railway Hygiene, Bldg. 1, 1 Pakgauznoe shosse, Moscow, 125438, Russian Federation, Levanchuk L.A. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, 9 Moskovskii Ave., Saint Petersburg, 190031, Russian Federation, Latynin E.O. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Railway Hygiene, Bldg. 1, 1 Pakgauznoe shosse, Moscow, 125438, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

In Russia there is a system for standardizing and control over aerosols with predominantly fibrogenic effects and dust particles with different structure. But at the same time there are no hygienic standards for fine-dispersed dust contents in working area air and it makes hygienic assessment of working conditions more complicated and impedes use of risk assessment methodology. Our research goal was to substantiate a concentration of aerosols containing fine-dispersed dust particles (РМ10 и РМ2.5) in working are air that were harmless for workers’ health. It was done via applying a procedure for determining dust burden and using it when calculating health risks for workers. We assessed dust content in working area air with focus on fine-dispersed dust particles РМ10 и РМ2.5 with a dust measuring device «OMPN-10.0». Chemical structure of dust particles was determined with atomic absorption procedure. Results were estimated according to HS 2.2.5.3532-18. Dust burden was calculated according to State standard GOST R 54578-2011. We established dependence between duration of working experience under exposure to fine-dispersed dust that was harmless for health and a value of excess in dust contents over the suggested concentration and work shift duration. To assess health risk for workers caused by exposure to fine-dispersed dust particles taking their chemical structure into account, we determined reference concentrations for working area air; 0.1 mg/m3 for РМ10, and 0.055 mg/m3 for РМ2.5. Use of calculated concentrations allowed suggesting models for calculating harmless duration of working experience under exposure to dusts in concentrations higher than recommended ones. The results enable substantiating organizational activities aimed at workers’ health preservation.
Working out a procedure for determining potentially hazardous volatile organic compounds (trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene) in ambient air
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Ulanova T.S. , Nurislamova T.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Popova N.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Mal'tseva O.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

The article dwells on results obtained via experimental research on working out a gas chromatography procedure for determining trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in ambient air. Experiments were performed on substances which had low limits of detection with gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection (GLC/ECD) when examined substances were absorbed from ambient air on Tenax TA sorbent. Optimal gas chromatography parameters were established with a hardware-software complex based on «Crystal-5000» gas chromatographer and use of a column from IDBPX-VOL series, 60m⋅0.32mm⋅1.8µm, under the following temperatures: column, 50–230о С; evaporator, 250о С; detector, 250о С. The developed capillary gas chromatography procedure allows determining trichloroethylene in concentrations ranging from 0.000146 to 0.00146 mg/m3, and tetrachloroethylene, from 0.000081 to 0.00081 mg/m3 with inaccuracy not exceeding 25.0%. We performed metrological assessment of the procedure and it allowed determining quality of analysis results for trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene; they were as follows: precision, 21.97% and 14.3%: repeatability, 4.22% and 3.38%; reproducibility, 5.66% and 4.9%. Limit of detection (LOD) for trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene was =0.0000038 mg/dm3 and =0.00000083 mg/dm3 accordingly. Limit of quantitative determination (LOQ) was =0.000013 mg/m3 for trichloroethylene, and = 0.0000028 mg/m3 for tetrachloroethylene. The developed procedure allowed detecting contents of the examined substances in ambient air near a construction site and a dry-cleaner’s, trichloroethylene in a range from 0.00001 mg/m3 to 0.0009 mg/m3, tetrachloroethylene, from 0.000011 mg/m3 to 0.00039 mg/m3. This unified high-sensitive and selective procedure is recommended for systemic control over potentially hazardous volatile organic compounds in ambient air as it allows providing objective and reliable hygienic assessment of chemical safety and quality of the environment and health risk assessment.
Vanadium in the environment as a risk factor causing negative modification of cell death (scientific review)
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Dolgikh O.V. , Dianova D.G. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Kazakova O.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

The review dwells on results obtained via examinations that focused on effects produced by vanadium and its compounds contaminating the environment on health disorders related to cell death deregulation. Research works that have been performed over the last decades and focused on revealing the essence of apoptosis mechanism under exposure to technogenic chemicals are truly vital due to this phenomenon having great biological significance within a system of a body trying to adapt to influences exerted by environmental factors. The present work focuses on apoptosis peculiarities under exposure to excess technogenic concentrations of vanadium compounds. Published research works have been analyzed, analysis results are outlined, and a scientific hypothesis has been formulated within the subject matter. We have described an immune-modulating effect produced by vanadium compounds that is able to modify apoptosis events due to changes in cell death modes (apoptosis activation/inhibition) and it provides body adaptation to changing environmental conditions. A range in vanadium concentrations between essential and toxic ones predetermines multi-directional changes in apoptosis induction and completion. Thus, induced apoptosis activation makes for development of autoimmune and immune-proliferative processes; at the same time, cell death inhibition can result in immune deficiency, inflammatory reactions, and neurodegenerative diseases. It was shown that vanadium compounds produced modifying effects on mitochondrial functions regulation, changes in phosphorilation/dephosphorilation ratio in protein products, and imbalance in free radical processes; all this ultimately disrupts a balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic signals in a cell. Monitoring over apoptosis parameters that characterize cell death under exposure to vanadium and its compounds will allow timely detecting risks of pre-nosology state occurrence and prevent damage to health
The Effect of Free Cash Flow and Capital Structure on The Company’s Efficiency and an Application in ISE 100
Authors: Rımaz Mustafa , Ayanoğlu Yıldız
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, it is accepted that the ultimate goal of firms is value maximization. Decisions made to achieve this aim, are classified as investment decisions, financial decisions and dividend distribution decisions. It is thought that successful cash management is the leading financial decision that affects the firm's value. While the amount of cash that is provided by cash management decisions has a great importance for the company to continue its economic activities and to invest in projects with net positive value, having more cash than needed may cause agency costs. Jensen, with the Free Cash Flow Theory put forward in 1986, argues that, if free cash flow be brought under control it can eventually increase the firm’s value. According to this theory, one of the factors that have a regulatory role on free cash flow is capital structure of the firm especially its foreign resources.
This study was carried out to examine the effect of the free cash flow with capital structure on firm’s efficiency. In the research, the data of a total of 40 companies operating in the manufacturing industry sector in ISE 100 within the period of 2009-2018 were used, CCR - input oriented DEA method was applied to measure the efficiency of the firms. The findings obtained in the manufacturing industry sector coincided with Jensen's Free Cash Flow Theory, and statistically revealed that free cash flow and capital structure had significant negative and significant positive (U shaped) relationship with firms’ efficiency respectively. On the other hand, a separate analysis was made about the predictability of the effects of independent variables on firm’s efficiency in coming periods. For this reason, by considering the data of the first 9 months of 2019, estimated efficiency scores for the whole period were compared with the historical efficiency scores for the period of 2009-2018. Findings have shown that there will be similar relationships between all variables and firm’s efficiency in the manufacturing industry sector in the future.
Ultrasonic Preparation and Reactivity of 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole
Derivatives
Authors: Guesmi Ahlem , Ben Hamadi Naoufel
Published: January 2021

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The regiospecific synthesis of 1H-pyrazole derivatives has been accomplished through the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of aryldiazoalkane to but-3-en-2-one. A convenient and inexpensive ultrasound-assisted preparation of cyclopropenes
in good yields has been realized. The effect of solvent, ultrasonic power, frequency, reaction time and temperature of cyclopropenation were studied and the order of yield indicates Ultrasound, 25 KHz > Ultrasound, 40 KHz > conventional
synthesis method.