bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 7 Deriving from Spleen and Lung Could Be Used for Early Recognition of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Wang Yimei , Shen Bo , Cao Xuesen , Lu Zhihui , Zhang Yang , Zhu Bowen , Zhang Weidong , Shi Yiqin , Wang Jialin , Fang Yi , Song Nana , Li Yang , Xu Xialian , Jia Ping , Ding Xiaoqiang , Zhao Shuan
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The utility of arithmetic product of urinary tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 (TIMP2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) concentrations has been widely accepted on early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, which organ is the main source of those two factors and how the concentration of IGFBP7 and TIMP2 changed in serum during AKI still remain to be defined. Methods: In mice, gene transcription and protein levels of IGFBP7/TIMP2 in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were measured in both ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)- and cisplatin-induced AKI models. Serum IGFBP7 and TIMP2 levels were measured and compared in patients before cardiac surgery and at inclusion (0 h), 2 h, 6 h, and 12 h after intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and compared with serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and serum uric acid (UA). Results: In mouse IRI-AKI model, compared with the sham group, the expression levels of IGFBP7 and TIMP2 did not change in the kidney, but significantly upregulated in the spleen and lung. Compared with patients who did not develop AKI, the concentration of serum IGFBP7 at as early as 2 h after ICU admission (sIGFBP7-2 h) was significantly higher in patients who developed AKI. The relationships between sIGFBP7-2 h in AKI patients and log2 (SCr), log2 (BUN), log2 (eGFR), and log2 (UA) were statistically significant. The diagnostic performance of sIGFBP7-2 h measured by the macro-averaged area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.948 (95% CI, 0.853–1.000; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The spleen and lung might be the main source of serum IGFBP7 and TIMP2 during AKI. The serum IGFBP7 value demonstrated good predictive accuracy for AKI following cardiac surgery within 2 h after ICU admission.
EZH2 Expression in Retinoblastoma: A Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Lin Zhuangling , Tang Lijuan , Chen Shuxia , Zhang Wenxin , Lin Jianxian , Gao Huanhuan , Zhang Ping
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a member of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and is important in cell-cycle regulation. Increased expression of EZH2 has been reported in retinoblastoma (RB). The aim of the study was to determine EZH2 expression, compare this with clinicopathological parameters in RB, and assess its relationship with tumor cell proliferation. Methods: Ninety-nine retrospective cases of enucleated RB were included in the present study. Expression of EZH2 and the marker of cell proliferation, Ki67, were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results: Among the 99 cases of RB in this study, EZH2 was found highly expressed (positive expression rate ≥70%) in 92 cases. EZH2 was expressed in tumor cells but absent in normal retinal tissues. The expression of EZH2 was positively linked to Ki67 expression (r = 0.65, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Elevated EZH2 expression was found in most RB cases, indicating that EZH2 could be a potential therapeutic target for RB.
Abstract P523: Joint Improvement Scale of Loneliness and Traditional Risk Factor Control, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Patients
Authors: Wang Xuan , Ma Hao , Li Xiang , Heianza Yoriko , Fonseca Vivian A , Qi Lu
Published: June 2023

Background:
Emerging evidence has shown a higher rate of loneliness and social isolation among patients with diabetes, and loneliness and isolation has been associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Hypothesis:
We investigated the extent to which the risks of CVDs could be lowered by improvement of loneliness and social isolation, individually or in conjunction with controlling traditional risk factors in diabetic patients.

Methods:
A total of 18,783 participants diagnosed with diabetes from the UK Biobank were included. A two-item scale and a three-item scale were used to assess the improvement of loneliness and isolation status, respectively. The degree of traditional risk-factor control was defined as the number of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), smoking and microalbumin reaching the target range.

Results:
During a mean follow-up of 10.7 years, 3,129 incident total CVD events were documented, including 2,627 coronary heart disease (CHD) and 721 stroke. We found that each point increase in loneliness improvement scale was significantly associated with an 11% lower risk of CVD (HR, 95%CI, 0.89, 0.84-0.93) and a 12% lower risk of CHD (HR, 95%CI, 0.88, 0.83-0.93), but not with stroke. The improvement scale of social isolation was not associated with CVDs. Loneliness showed greater relative importance than lifestyle risk factors in preventing CVD among diabetic patients. We found a significant additive interaction between loneliness and the degree of traditional risk-factor control on the risk of CVDs (
P
for additive interaction=0.002). Moreover, compared with non-diabetes controls, the diabetes-related excess CVD risk might be eliminated when three or more risk factors were controlled in non-lonely patients, but more than four are required in lonely patients.

Conclusion:
Among diabetes patients, improvement of loneliness is associated with a lower risk of CVD and shows an additive interaction with traditional risk factor control.
Total Electricity Consumption Forecasting Based on Temperature Composite Index and Mixed-Frequency Models
Authors: Li Xuerong , Shang Wei , Zhang Xun , Shan Baoguo , Wang Xiang
Published: June 2023

The total electricity consumption (TEC) can accurately reflect the operation of the national economy, and the forecasting of the TEC can help predict the economic development trend, as well as provide insights for the formulation of macro policies. Nowadays, high-frequency and massive multi-source data provide a new way to predict the TEC. In this paper, a “seasonal-cumulative temperature index” is constructed based on high-frequency temperature data, and a mixed-frequency prediction model based on multi-source big data (Mixed Data Sampling with Monthly Temperature and Daily Temperature index, MIDAS-MT-DT) is proposed. Experimental results show that the MIDAS-MT-DT model achieves higher prediction accuracy, and the “seasonal-cumulative temperature index” can improve prediction accuracy.
Predicting an Optimal Virtual Data Model for Uniform Access to Large Heterogeneous Data
Authors: Belmehdi Chahrazed B. Bachir , Khiat Abderrahmane , Keskes Nabil
Published: June 2023

The growth of generated data in the industry requires new efficient big data integration approaches for uniform data access by end-users to perform better business operations. Data virtualization systems, including Ontology-Based Data Access (ODBA) query data on-the-fly against the original data sources without any prior data materialization. Existing approaches by design use a fixed model e.g., TABULAR as the only Virtual Data Model — a uniform schema built on-the-fly to load, transform, and join relevant data. While other data models, such as GRAPH or DOCUMENT, are more flexible and, thus, can be more suitable for some common types of queries, such as join or nested queries. Those queries are hard to predict because they depend on many criteria, such as query plan, data model, data size, and operations. To address the problem of selecting the optimal virtual data model for queries on large datasets, we present a new approach that (1) builds on the principal of OBDA to query and join large heterogeneous data in a distributed manner and (2) calls a deep learning method to predict the optimal virtual data model using features extracted from SPARQL queries. OPTIMA — implementation of our approach currently leverages state-of-the-art Big Data technologies, Apache-Spark and Graphx, and implements two virtual data models, GRAPH and TABULAR, and supports out-of-the-box five data sources models: property graph, document-based, e.g., wide-columnar, relational, and tabular, stored in Neo4j, MongoDB, Cassandra, MySQL, and CSV respectively. Extensive experiments show that our approach is returning the optimal virtual model with an accuracy of 0.831, thus, a reduction in query execution time of over 40% for the tabular model selection and over 30% for the graph model selection.
The first Neotropical and Afrotropical species of Microphorella Becker, with a key to the genera of Parathalassiinae and species of Microphorella from the Southern Hemisphere (Diptera: Dolichopodidae sensu lato)
Authors: BROOKS SCOTT E. , CUMMING JEFFREY M.
Published: June 2023

Two new species of Microphorella Becker are described and illustrated from Chile and South Africa, respectively: M. amorimi sp. nov. (Maule Region) and M. irwini sp. nov. (Western Cape Province), representing the first formal records of the genus from the Neotropical and Afrotropical Regions. In addition, a key to the genera of Parathalassiinae and species of Microphorella from the Southern Hemisphere is also provided.
Atmospheric Moisture Transport Associated with Precipitation in Present and Simulated Future Climates
Authors: Watterson Ian G.
Published: June 2023

Precipitation and the atmospheric moisture budget are analyzed for 40-yr periods of recent and future climate simulated by the 10 CMIP6 models from which the vertically integrated moisture flux data are available. This allows new assessments of this important atmospheric transport, which can typically only be approximated. Seasonal climatological fields are compared with those from the ERA5 reanalysis. Using the four-season average M skill score for the globe, precipitation from the 10 models is similar in skill to that from a further 25 models. The scores for six moisture variables, including flux and its convergence, demonstrate global skill for each model. The 10-model average fields have better skill than any individual model. Changes are calculated for 2040–79 under the SSP5-8.5 forcing scenario. The focus is on the 10-model average scaled as a projection of change for a global warming of 2°C. The changes in precipitation, temperature, and pressure in each season are largely consistent with those from the larger ensemble. The changes in flux, convergence, water column, and winds at three levels are presented. The role of convergence in balancing precipitation changes over many land regions is evident. Flux, convergence, and precipitation are shown in detail for selected cases, including central North America, the South American monsoon, southern Africa in summer, southern South America in winter, Europe in summer, and both polar regions. Typically, flux is enhanced, but the associated convergence may shift. The production of the vertically integrated flux vector as a standard output from climate models is supported.
The QBO–MJO Connection: A Possible Role for the SST and ENSO
Authors: Randall David A. , Tziperman Eli , Branson Mark D. , Richter Jadwiga H. , Kang Wanying
Published: June 2023

We examine the hypothesis that the observed connection between the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and the strength of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is modulated by the sea surface temperature (SST)—for example, by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). A composite analysis shows that, globally, La Niña SSTs are remarkably similar to those that occur during the easterly phase of the QBO. A maximum covariance analysis suggests that MJO power and SST are strongly linked on both the ENSO time scale and the QBO time scale. We analyze simulations with a modified configuration of version 2 of the Community Earth System Model, with a high top and fine vertical resolution. The model is able to simulate ENSO, the QBO, and the MJO. The ocean-coupled version of the model simulates the QBO, ENSO, and MJO, but does not simulate the observed QBO–MJO connection. When driven with prescribed observed SST anomalies based on composites for QBO east and QBO west (QBOE and QBOW), however, the same atmospheric model produces a modest enhancement of MJO power during QBOE relative to QBOW, as observed. We explore the possibility that the SST anomalies are forced by the QBO itself. Indeed, composite Hovmöller diagrams based on observations show the propagation of QBO zonal wind anomalies all the way from the upper stratosphere to the surface. Also, subsurface ocean temperature composites reveal a similarity between the western Pacific and Indian Ocean subsurface signal between La Niña and QBOE.
Early Post-operative Stimulated Serum Thyroglobulin: Role in Preventing Unnecessary Radioactive Iodine Treatment in Low to Intermediate Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Sezer Havva , Yazıcı Dilek , Terzioğlu Tarık , Tezelman Serdar , Canbaz Hande Bulut , Yerlikaya Aslıhan , Demirkol Mehmet Onur , Kapran Yersu , Çolakoğlu Bülent , Çilingiroğlu Eda Nur , Alagöl Faruk
Published: June 2023

Aim

The aims of the study are to evaluate the predictive value of early post-operative stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) analysis on the recurrence risk, and to define a cut-off value that is related to recurrence risk in low to intermediate risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included individuals who were diagnosed with PTC aged 18 years or older and had been operated by experienced surgeons of a tertiary university hospital between the years 2011 and 2021. The American Thyroid Association thyroid cancer guidelines version 2015 was used as the risk stratification system. Early sTg measurement obtained at 3-4 weeks after surgery when TSH >30 µIU/mL. Data was collected from the hospital database. A total of 328 patients who had post-operative early sTg values with negative anti-Tg antibodies were included.

Results

The median age was 44 years. Of the 328 patients, 223 (68%) were women. The median tumor diameter was 11 mm. One hundred ninety-one patients (58.2%) had low risk and 137 (41.8%) had intermediate risk for recurrent disease. Of the 328 patients, 4.0% had recurrent disease. In multivariate Cox regression, post-operative early sTg value [OR: 1.070 (1.038-1.116), P = .000], and the pre-operative malign cytology [OR: 1.483 (1.080-2.245), P = .042] were independent risk factors for recurrence. On the ROC curve analysis, the cut-off value of early sTg was 4.1 ng/mL for those with recurrent disease.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that early sTg could predict recurrent disease in patients with low to intermediate risk PTC. A cut-off of 4.1 ng/mL was identified with a high negative predictive value.
The Effect of Surgery on the Prognosis of Gastric Lymphoma: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Min , Yao Yao , Ding Haifeng , Yang Jian , Zhang Cong , Wu Ying , Guo Tao
Published: June 2023

Objective

Surgery is an effective clinical approach that has been used for the treatment of gastric lymphoma. However, its specific effect on the prognosis of patients with gastric lymphoma remains largely unknown. The current meta-analysis aimed to identify the effect of surgery on the prognosis of gastric lymphoma.

Methods

We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central databases to obtain relevant studies investigating the influence of surgery on overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). We extracted the hazard ratios (HRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of each included report for pooled analysis. We assessed heterogeneity (I2statistic) and funnel plots to select the data models and evaluate publication bias.

Results

Ultimately, we included 12 studies containing 26 comparisons in the current quantitative meta-analysis. The analysis revealed that surgery had no significant effect on OS (HR .83, P = .13) or RFS (HR .78, P = .08). However, subgroup analysis revealed that the effect of surgery on OS differed significantly between the surgery plus conservative therapy subgroup and the conservative therapy alone groups, with HR = .69 ( P = .01). No significant publication bias was detected regarding the main outcomes.

Conclusion

Surgery had a limited effect on the prognosis of patients with gastric lymphoma. However, the use of surgery as an additional therapy may confer potential benefits. This was an interesting research direction, and additional high-quality, large-scale randomized controlled trials should be conducted.
The Healing Christ in Pandemics: Then and Now
Authors: Jefferson Lee M.
Published: June 2023

The context of illness, plagues, and healing in early Christianity and late antiquity was a factor in the growth and expansion of early Christianity. The most prominent early images from early Christian art depict Christ healing. This essay will examine the historical context of plagues and the Christian response to show how the healing Christ affected the security of Christian ascendency. From this study, the essay offers insight into our present pandemic context of COVID-19 and evaluates the religious response.
Faith, Hope, and Love in the Time of COVID
Authors: Lamkin Margaret
Published: June 2023

This essay is a reflection on COVID-19 in the United States, specifically in the state of Alabama, and among marginalized populations with whom I work. Past generations have demonstrated living in faith, hope, and love in the midst of and despite great suffering and turmoil. This essay includes my thoughts about how faith manifests itself individually and corporately and raises ongoing questions about how believers may promote radical change and confront societal inequities—especially in light of COVID-19.
Understanding Heavy Drinking Practices and Alcohol-Related Harms: The Lived Experience of Nigerian Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Dumbili Emeka W. , Swahn Monica H.
Published: June 2023

Many young people in Western countries are abstaining from alcohol consumption, but their Nigerian counterparts are adopting lifestyles that valorize alcohol use and heavy drinking rituals. This study explored heavy drinking practices and alcohol-related harms among young Nigerians (students and nonstudents) who use alcohol. Although participants were highly knowledgeable about the harms associated with heavy drinking, they reported heavy drinking and normalized intoxication. Most participants consumed between 3 and 12 bottles of beer, stout and other alcoholic beverages on a single occasion and suffered multiple incidents of intoxication and loss of control with adverse outcomes. Many participants suffered more than one health-related consequence, like vomiting, hangovers, and abdominal pain, while others fell sick, which incapacitated them for many days/weeks. Heavy drinking and intoxication also adversely impacted training and studies, as some participants could not go to work or attend lectures as planned. The findings highlighted the need for prevention and intervention strategies that seek to reduce heavy drinking and associated harms by targeting the social norms around heavy drinking specifically. Lessons learned in regions with youth drinking decline may inform public health strategies that can be implemented in Nigeria.
The medico-legal death investigation system in Nepal
Authors: Atreya Alok , Shrestha Sabnam , Bhusal Milan , Menezes Ritesh G
Published: June 2023

In Nepal, police inquests have several limitations. When they receive information about a death, the police visit the crime scene and write an inquest report. Then, they arrange for the body to be autopsied. However, most autopsies are performed by medical officers in government hospitals who lack specialised training in conducting autopsies. Although all Nepalese medical schools teach forensic medicine to undergraduate students and require them to witness some autopsies, most private institutions are not authorised to perform them. Autopsies performed without expertise can be subpar and, even when trained personnel are available, these facilities are inadequately equipped. In addition, there is a lack of sufficient manpower to provide expert medico-legal services. The Honourable Judges and District Attorneys of all district courts believe that the medico-legal reports prepared by the doctors are inappropriate, incomplete and inadequate for use as evidence in court. Moreover, the police are more concerned with establishing criminality than other aspects of medico-legal death investigation, such as autopsies. Therefore, the quality of medico-legal investigations, including death investigations, will not improve until government stakeholders recognise the importance of forensic medicine in the judiciary and for the resolution of crimes.
Gendering Discretion: Why Street-Level Bureaucracy Needs a Gendered Lens
Authors: Durose Catherine , Lowndes Vivien
Published: June 2023

Street-level bureaucrats shape policy through using discretion in their interactions with citizens and service users in delivering public services. Discretion allows street-level bureaucrats to bridge between public policy and the complex, individual, human situations they encounter. Drawing on insights from feminist institutionalism, this article establishes gender as a relevant analytical category in understanding discretion. We set out three analytical propositions: street-level bureaucrats work in gendered institutional contexts that shape their discretion; street-level bureaucrats are gendered actors, whose discretion is shaped by their individual gendered dispositions; and street-level bureaucrats’ discretion has gendered effects. We investigate these propositions through a case study of the early implementation of the classification of misogyny as a hate crime among police forces in England and Wales. In addressing this analytical intersection between street-level bureaucracy and feminist institutionalism, we bring a gendered perspective to street-level bureaucracy, and a focus on how rules are interpreted to feminist institutionalism, forging new ground in public administration.
A protein analysis-based method for authentication of human hair wigs
Authors: Fei Jing , Han Jing , Chen Xiao , Yu Jie , Li Hongtao , Yuan Zhilei , Wei Mengyuan
Published: June 2023

The global market for wigs and hair extensions is rapidly expanding and is projected to reach USD 13.3 billion by 2026. Real human hair products are more welcomed than synthetic alternatives due to their natural appearances and resilience to styling. However, products made of real human hair are more expensive than those made from animal hair substitute, such as yak fiber and horse mane. As a result, adulteration and false declarations occur often in the industrial chain. To address this issue, we developed a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based protein analysis method for human hair identification. A species-specific peptide marker at 2593 m/z, belonging to the intermediate filament family, was identified for human hair, which distinguishes it from other animal hairs. This unique marker can also be easily detected even in bleached and dyed hair, and the method is capable of detecting 5% of human hair or 5% of adulteration of animal fiber in a mixture. Validation experiments confirmed the method's ability to detect specific qualitative and quantitative markers. The results suggest that the method can be readily used to inspect and to authenticate human hair products on the market. Our study provides a novel and reliable testing approach for species identification of human hair using MALDI-TOF MS technology.
Preventing unrecognized deterioration & improving outcomes of critically ill patients using the National Early Warning Score 2 in a high dependency unit in Bangladesh: A quality improvement project
Authors: Anam Ahmad Mursel , Shareef Adnan , Shumy Farzana , Gerardus King Matthew Roderick
Published: June 2023

This Quality Improvement Project (QIP) aimed to assess the acceptability and utility of the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) in a Bangladeshi level-2 care setting. All nurses and physicians were trained on NEWS2 scores and a proper response before starting the QIP. Utilization of NEWS2 and patient outcome were documented and analyzed. Acceptability was acknowledged by increase in utilization, and utility by reduction in unrecognized deterioration of patients. The modified NEWS2 was well adopted and utilized by the nursing staff. There was a statistically significant reduction in unrecognized deterioration leading to cardiac arrest and the need for transfer to the Intensive Care Unit after implementation of NEWS2. With adequate training, motivation and appropriate modification, NEWS2 can become a well-accepted, widely adopted and realistic bedside monitoring tool in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh.
Dual natural orifice per luminal endoscopic repair of vesico-vaginal fistula: A case report
Authors: Husain Shabbir , Husain Nafisa , Sharma Dhananjaya
Published: June 2023

Vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) is a dreaded complication of gynaecologic and obstetric procedures with many approaches and techniques described for its repair. We present a novel technique of dual natural orifice transluminal endoscopic repair of VVF.
“Apagando el sistema”: Fusion Music as Protest Soundscape in Lima, Peru
Authors: Vik Alissa
Published: June 2023

The song “Apagando el sistema” was released in 2015 during protests against the youth labor law known as the Ley Pulpín and frequently reposted on Facebook to show solidarity with various political and social issues. Analyzed from the perspective of what I call “fusion aesthetics,” it can be considered to build on the tradition of the Latin American Nueva Canción, reflect the fragmented nature of protests, and help the musicians negotiate their identities as mestizos and fight racism and discrimination in Peru.

La canción "Apagando el sistema" fue lanzada en 2015 durante las protestas de la ley laboral juvenil conocida como Ley Pulpín, y se republicó en Facebook con frecuencia para mostrar solidaridad con diversos temas políticos y sociales. Un análisis desde una perspectiva de lo que yo llamo "estética de fusión” nos permite decir que la canción se basa en la tradición de la Nueva Canción latinoamericana, refleja la naturaleza fragmentada de las protestas y ayuda a los músicos a negociar sus identidades como mestizos y luchar contra el racismo y la discriminación en el Perú.
Migrant immobilities beyond the pandemic: Changing migration patterns and aspirations
Authors: Hoang Lan Anh , Zhang Juan
Published: June 2023

Transnational migration entails profound changes to gender subjectivities and family structures, social networks and urban landscapes, and lifestyles and aspirations. Pandemic-induced immobilities have led many to question the assumed links between migration and mobility, and heightened interest in mobility inequalities. This research note offers critical insights into the “immobility turn” scholarship and highlights the gaps in our understanding of immobilities as both a social phenomenon and a conceptual tool. By placing our analytical focus on migrant immobilities, this research note sheds light on important changes in the meanings and values associated with migration and (im)mobility across contexts.
Multi-Lens Noticing in Preservice Teachers’ First Attempts at Facilitating Discussion in Diverse English Classes
Authors: Banes Leslie C. , Houk Julia G. , Athanases Steven Z. , Sanchez Sergio L.
Published: June 2023

Background:

Classroom discourse featuring meaning making supports students achieving discipline-specific learning. However, moving beyond recitation requires developing beliefs, skills, structures, and practices. Any theorizing we do about developing discussion practice must attend to realities of culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms.

Purpose:

Our study offers a teacher education innovation that prepares ELA candidates to facilitate discussion, framed by a set of noticing lenses: noticing for collaborative communication, content learning, and equity. We asked: As they reflected on their first attempts at facilitating discussion in diverse secondary ELA classes, what did preservice teachers (PSTs) notice about their discussion practices and students’ engagement and response patterns?

Participants:

Our study features an inquiry course in a teacher credential program. Participants were 83 PSTs pursuing secondary English credentials, student teaching in diverse classrooms. Three-fifths identified as White, with 39% identifying as PSTs of color.

Design:

We constructed a database of multipage essays in which PSTs reflected on videotaped discussion tryouts. We developed a coding scheme from research literature and emerging themes from data review to capture what PSTs noticed. We organized themes conceptually using and adapting a multi-lens noticing framework. Additionally, we constructed vignettes to explore ways two PSTs were noticing discussion engagements among their diverse learners.

Results:

We found evidence of all three noticing lenses in the data. Of the three lenses, collaborative communication was densest. PSTs were preoccupied with “getting students talking.” PSTs also reflected on attempts at co-constructing meaning and tracking flow of ideas. Three-fourths documented noticing of cross-content literacy development. Fewer PSTs demonstrated attending to collaborative interpretation of literary works, an important aspect of ELA-specific discussion. Although PSTs were beginning to leverage cultural and linguistic knowledge, many were not yet responding to or educating about racism and other forms of bias. To demonstrate multi-lens noticing in practice, we present two vignettes of how PSTs interpreted salient moments in classroom discussion.

Conclusions:

Our research provides a launching for understanding what PSTs notice in early stages of leading discussion and highlights what is needed to jump-start this process early. Findings underscore the need to build authentic and tangible discussion-leading practice, with deeper attention to ELA disciplinary goals and equity. Our study highlights a framework as an analytical and pedagogical tool to help PSTs organize and reflect on emerging discussion practices. Framework and findings may serve as a heuristic for teacher educators committed to fostering learning about equitable discussion.
Effectiveness of an individualised occupational therapy intervention programme (ABLE) using adaptational strategies on activities of daily living among persons with chronic conditions: A randomised controlled trial (RCT)
Authors: Hagelskjær Vita , Bülow Cecilie von , Nielsen Kristina Tomra , Henriksen Marius , Wæhrens Eva Ejlersen
Published: June 2023

Objective

Compare the effectiveness of a problem-solving, individualised, home-based occupational therapy intervention (ABLE 2.0), to usual occupational therapy, on activities of daily living (ADL) ability in persons with chronic conditions.

Design

A single-centre, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial with 10- and 26-week follow-up.

Setting

A Danish municipality.

Subjects

Persons with chronic conditions experiencing problems performing ADL tasks ( n = 80).

Interventions

ABLE 2.0 was compared with usual occupational therapy.

Main measures

Coprimary outcomes were self-reported ADL ability (ADL-Interview Performance) and observed ADL motor ability (Assessment of Motor and Process Skills) at Week 10. Secondary outcomes were self-reported ADL ability (ADL-Interview Performance) and observed ADL motor ability (Assessment of Motor and Process Skills) at Week 26, and perceived satisfaction with ADL ability (ADL-Interview Satisfaction) and observed ADL process ability (Assessment of Motor and Process Skills) at Weeks 10 and 26.

Results

In total, 78 persons were randomly assigned: 40 to usual occupational therapy and 38 to ABLE 2.0. No statistically significant nor clinically relevant difference between group mean changes in primary outcomes was identified from baseline to Week 10 (ADL-Interview Performance [−0.16; 95% CI: −0.38 to 0.06] and Assessment of Motor and Process Skills ADL motor ability [−0.1; 95% CI: −0.3 to 0.1]). At Week 26, a statistically significant and clinically relevant difference was found in Assessment of Motor and Process Skills ADL motor ability (LS mean change: −0.3; 95% CI: −0.5 to −0.1) between groups.

Conclusion

ABLE 2.0 was effective in improving observed ADL motor ability at 26 weeks.
The intentional pursuit of everyday life while dying: A longitudinal qualitative study of working-aged adults living with advanced cancer
Authors: Brose Julie M , Willis Eileen , Morgan Deidre D
Published: June 2023

Background:

People living with advanced cancer experience functional decline and increasing difficulty participating in activities of daily living over their final year of life, consequently reducing quality of life. Palliative rehabilitation may serve to mitigate some of these challenges by optimising function. However, limited research and theory explore the rehabilitative process of adaptation amid increasing dependency, often experienced by people living with advanced cancer.

Aim:

To explore the lived experience of everyday life for working-aged adults living with advanced cancer, and how this changes over time.

Design:

A longitudinal hermeneutic phenomenological approach was employed, using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data was analysed using inductive thematic analysis, and findings mapped against the Model of Human Occupation and illness experience literature.

Setting/participants:

Purposively sampled working-aged adults (40–64 years) with advanced cancer were recruited by a rural home care team in Western Canada.

Results:

Thirty-three in-depth interviews were conducted over 19 months with eight adults living with advanced cancer. Advanced cancer and other losses have a disruptive impact on daily life. Despite experiencing progressive functional decline, these adults intentionally sought to participate in valued everyday activities. Adaptation to ongoing deterioration occurred through engagement in daily life.

Conclusions:

Despite experiencing disruption to routines and daily life, people living with advanced cancer seek to continue doing what is important to them, albeit in a modified form. Adaptation to functional decline is an active, ongoing process and occurs through continued engagement in activities. Palliative rehabilitation can facilitate participation in everyday life.
Cerebral venous congestion alters brain metabolite profiles, impairing cognitive function
Authors: Wei Huimin , Jiang Huimin , Zhou Yifan , Xiao Xuechun , Zhou Chen , Ji Xunming
Published: June 2023

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) represents the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease, and pathological changes in cerebral vascular structure and function are pivotal causes of VCI. Cognitive impairment caused by arterial ischemia has been extensively studied the whole time; the influence of cerebral venous congestion on cognitive impairment draws doctors’ attention in recent clinical practice, but the underlying neuropathophysiological alterations are not completely understood. This study elucidated the specific pathogenetic role of cerebral venous congestion in cognitive-behavioral deterioration and possible electrophysiological mechanisms. Using cerebral venous congestion rat models, we found these rats exhibited decreased long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and impaired spatial learning and memory. Based on untargeted metabolomics, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) deficiency was detected in cerebral venous congestion rats; supplementation with NAC appeared to ameliorate synaptic deficits, rescue impaired LTP, and mitigate cognitive impairment. In a cohort of cerebral venous congestion patients, NAC levels were decreased; NAC concentration was negatively correlated with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) score but positively correlated with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score. These findings provide a new perspective on cognitive impairment and support further exploration of NAC as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of VCI.
Viewpoint about biologic agents for psoriasis: are they immunosuppressants or immunomodulators?
Authors: Metko Dea , Torres Tiago , Vender Ronald
Published: June 2023

Over the past two decades, promising advancements have emerged in the field of psoriasis management. Most notably, highly effective targeted biologic therapies that offered significant breakthroughs in the management of psoriasis have been developed. One of the most challenging components of marketing and prescribing these biologic therapies has been in classifying them as immunomodulators or immunosuppressants. The purpose of this narrative review was to discuss the features that distinguish immunomodulators from immunosuppressants to successfully categorize the biologic therapies used for psoriasis management and subsequently enhance patient and physician understanding of the risks associated with the use of these drugs.
Optimal Sampling Plan for Freight Demand Synthesis with Mode Choice: A Case study of Bangladesh
Authors: Kalahasthi Lokesh Kumar , Sutar Pranav , Yushimito Wilfredo F. , Holguín-Veras José
Published: June 2023

This paper uses a comprehensive experimental design to investigate the influence of various traffic count sampling plans for Bangladesh on the performance of the Freight Origin-Destination Synthesis model with Mode Choice (FODS-MC) developed by Kalahasthi et al. FODS-MC estimates a national-level freight demand model including trip distribution, mode choice, empty truck trips, and empty rail trips, where one of the key inputs is the freight truck and rail, traffic counts. The traffic count sample comprises three types of road links (national, regional, and zilla) and one category for the rail link across the country. A Box–Behnken Design (BBD) with a response surface for each of four FODS-MC parameters (distribution, mode choice, truck empty trips, and rail empty trips) is constructed. The results showed that the response surfaces are nonlinear planes for all parameters. There is no single optimal sampling plan for FODS-MC as each model parameter demands different distribution across the truck and rail links. The random and stratified samples perform almost similarly if less than 20% of the sample is collected. Minimizing the loss functions between the estimated and true parameters shows that a random sample between 20% and 25% of the truck and rail links estimates the best freight demand model. Overall, this research develops a framework to assist public practitioners in the optimum usage of the limited time and resources in collecting the traffic count data that could estimate the freight demand and mode choice models effectively.
Traffic Safety Pyramid Based on Visual Navigation Distraction: A Naturalistic Study on App-Taxis
Authors: Zeydi Samira , Pouyakian Mostafa , Kamali Korosh , Arghami Shirazeh
Published: June 2023

Evidence suggests that mobile phone navigation applications (MPNAs) may reduce road traffic safety by causing a visual distraction. This study aimed to (i) identify a list of road safety-related events (RSREs) that could occur while looking at the MPNA, (ii) examine the effect of app-taxFi drivers’ glances at MPNA on missing of RSREs, (iii) develop any potential new indicator in road traffic safety, and (iv) develop a pyramid of traffic incidents. This study investigated 36 app-taxi drivers in real road traffic circumstances. Data were collected by video recording using a double-lens camera. The events that occurred while the app-taxi driver was looking at the MPNA were extracted, recorded, and classified. A time span of less than one second and a new indicator, namely “seeing the event BEFORE visual distraction” (seBvd), were examined. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests with a significance level of 0.05 in SPSS 18. A list of 23 events was identified. The most frequent event was “presence of pedestrians across the road” (including crossing the road and beside the road 36%). The number of glances at the MPNA had a significant correlation with time span ≤1 s ( p = 0.001, r < 0.6). The total time of looking at the MPNA had a significant correlation with time span >1 s ( p = 0.001, r < 0.6). A pyramid of traffic incidents was developed based on the results. The new seBvd indicator is a binary (positive; negative) surrogate safety measure that can be useful in evaluating the effect of visual distraction on road traffic safety. The introduced pyramid of traffic incidents seems useful in traffic safety.
Comprehensive Approach for Improving Adherence to Prenatal Iron and Folic Acid Supplements Based on Intervention Studies in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and India
Authors: Sanghvi Tina G. , Nguyen Phuong Hong , Forissier Thomas , Ghosh Sebanti , Zafimanjaka Maurice , Walissa Tamirat , Mahmud Zeba , Kim Sunny
Published: June 2023

Background:

The World Health Organization recommends daily iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation during pregnancy, but consumption remains low, and high prevalence of anemia among pregnant women (PW) persists.

Objectives:

This study aims to (1) examine factors at the health system, community, and individual levels, which influence adherence to IFA supplements; and (2) describe a comprehensive approach for designing interventions to improve adherence based on lessons learned from 4 country experiences.

Methods:

We conducted literature search, formative research, and baseline surveys in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and India and applied health systems strengthening and social and behavior change principles to design interventions. The interventions addressed underlying barriers at the individual, community, and health system levels. Interventions were further adapted for integration into existing large-scale antenatal care programs through continuous monitoring.

Results:

Key factors related to low adherence were lack of operational protocols to implement policies, supply chain bottlenecks, low capacity to counsel women, negative social norms, and individual cognitive barriers. We reinforced antenatal care services and linked them with community workers and families to address knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy, and perceived social norms. Evaluations showed that adherence improved in all countries. Based on implementation lessons, we developed a program pathway and details of interventions for mobilizing health systems and community platforms for improving adherence.

Conclusion:

A proven process for designing interventions to address IFA supplement adherence will contribute to achieving global nutrition targets for anemia reduction in PW. This evidence-based comprehensive approach may be applied in other countries with high anemia prevalence and low IFA adherence.
Predicting the Persuasiveness of Influence Strategies From Student Online Learning Behaviour Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Orji Fidelia A. , Vassileva Julita
Published: June 2023

There is a dearth of knowledge on how persuasiveness of influence strategies affects students’ behaviours when using online educational systems. Persuasiveness is a term used in describing a system’s capability to motivate desired behaviour. Most existing approaches for assessing the persuasiveness of a system are based on subjective measures (questionnaires) which are static and do not allow for automatic measurement of systems persuasiveness at run-time. Being able to automatically predict a system’s persuasiveness at run-time is essential for dynamic and continuous adaptation of the system to reflect each individual user’s state. In this study, we investigate the links between persuasiveness of influence strategies and students’ behaviour in an online educational system for a course. We implemented and tested Machine Learning (ML) classification models to determine whether persuasiveness had a significant impact on students’ usage of a learning system. Our findings revealed that students learning data can be applied to predict the persuasiveness of different influence strategies. The implications are that by using machine learning classifiers powered with learning sessions data, online educational systems would be able to automatically adapt their persuasive strategies to improve students’ engagement and learning.
Preparation and characterization of sodium alginate/Antarctic krill protein/Genipin scaffold for skin tissue engineering
Authors: Sun Jianbin , Guo Jing , Wang Yan , Shan Jicheng , Yin Juhui , Cao Zheng
Published: June 2023

In this study, sodium alginate (SA)/Antarctic krill protein(AKP)/Genipin (GP) scaffold was obtained by freeze-drying, in which Antarctic krill protein was used as enhanced the cell adsorption activity of the materials; GP and Ca2+, which have very low cytotoxicity, were selected to cross-link AKP and SA in steps, the interpenetrating network structure of “covalent cross-linking-ion complex-hydrogen bonding” was finally constructed. By changing the content of GP, the structure, surface morphology, mechanical properties, water absorption, water retention, and cytotoxicity of the scaffold were studied using FTIR, SEM, and other test methods. The results showed that the pore area of the prepared SA/AKP/GP scaffolds exhibited an increase and then a decrease with the increase of GP content; the fracture strength and elongation at break exhibited an increase and then a decrease with the increase of GP content. The breaking strength and elongation at break achieved their maximum values of 32.9 MPa and 4.43% when the content of GP hit 0.8%; The scaffold had good water absorption and water retention; The cytotoxicity grade of the scaffold was grade 0, and the addition of AKP made the fibroblasts have good growth and proliferation ability on the scaffold.
A Story is Better Told With Collective Interests: An Experimental Examination of Misinformation Correction During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Xiao Xizhu , Borah Porismita , Lee Danielle Ka Lai , Su Yan , Kim Sojung
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To examine strategies that help motivate social correction behaviors to combat COVID-19-related health misinformation on social media.

Design

2 (message types: narrative vs statistics) x 2 (social frames: individual vs collective) between-subjects experiment.

Setting

Qualtrics-based online experiment via Lucid.

Subjects

The final sample consisted of 450 participants ( M age = 45.31).

Measures

Manipulation check, discussion and correction intentions, and need for cognition (NFC).

Analysis

ANCOVA and PROCESS model 3 were used to analyze the data.

Results

Significant interaction effects emerged between message types and social frames on discussion intention, F (1, 442) = 5.26, P = .022, and correction intention, F (1, 442) = 4.85, P = .028. Collectively framed narrative correction ( Mdiscussion = 3.15, Mcorrection = 3.17) was more effective than individually framed narrative correction ( Mdiscussion = 2.73, Mcorrection = 2.77). Individually framed statistical correction ( Mdiscussion = 3.10, Mcorrection = 2.95) was more persuasive than collectively framed statistical correction ( Mdiscussion = 2.89, Mcorrection = 2.69). The interaction effects were more evident for people low on NFC, P = .031.

Conclusion

In motivating social correction behaviors, a story is better told with an emphasis on collective interests, and numbers are better presented with personal gains and losses. Future interventions should identify the target audience based on the level of NFC.
Health Policy: Nursing Theory as Inspiration for Policy Development
Authors: Ortiz Mario R.
Published: June 2023

The theoretical knowledge base of nurse policy-makers enhances their thoughts with inspiring opportunities with communities and healthcare agencies. Nursing theory and frameworks can serve as a motivating, inspirational force for nurses to be imaginative and view situations in innovative ways. In this paper, the author explores some ways in which health and nursing policy-makers may be inspired by unique nursing knowledge to craft policies that are consistent with nursing’s theories and models.