bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principal component regression of the morphostructural traits of West African dwarf sheep
Authors: Bello-ibiyemi A. A. , Bello-ibiyemi A. A., , Wheto M. , Adenaike A. S. , Decampos J. S. , Ogunlakin D.O. , Atunnise M. , Shola S. , Ikeobi C.O.N
Published: February 2021

Evaluation of body weight and seven morphostructural traits (body length, wither's height, rump height, fore cannon bone length, chest depth, hip width and hearth girth) of 200 West African dwarf (WAD) sheep of age range 0-1, 1-2, 2-3 and 3-4 was used in determining age and sex effects using General linear model procedure. The sheep were traditionally managed in flocks of southern and north central Nigeria. Interdependence magnitude (redundancy) was estimated to be positive and significant through pearson's correlation estimates between body weight and linear body dimensions (r = 0.04 – 0.81; P < 0.01). Among the linear type traits, highest correlation was observed between body weight and hearth girth in males (r = 0.85) and females (r = 0.81) respectively. Multicollinearity contrast at variance inflation factor (VIF) threshold 3.0 was found to be most associated with rump height, hearth girth and body length; with low tolerance modules. Collinearity effects were further orchestrated with computations of eigen values, condition indexes and variance proportions. The component solution through VARIMAX orthogonal rotation generated one principal component for WAD sheep of age range 0-2 years, and two principal components for age range 2-4 years. The principal component based on regression models revealed, body weight was best predicted from heart girth, and combination of rump height and wither's height measurements.
Surgical management of a case of subcutaneous abscess caused by Staphylococcus aureus in adult White Fulani cow
Authors: Sogebi E. A. O , Talabi O. A , Salami O. , Babalola S. A , Eze C. A
Published: February 2021

A White Fulani cow whose record reveals three-year old, weighing about 350kg belonging to DUFARMS of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta was presented with a swelling on the left flank. Clinical evaluation of the animal revealed the following: rectal temperature, 38.2oC, heart rate, 60bpm and respiratory rate, 35bpm. A rectangular shaped mass, soft and warm to touch was palpated on the left flank. Pus was aspirated from the swelling with a sterile needle and syringe, and taken for biogram. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the aspirate which was sensitive to antibiotic, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and gentamycin (Table 1). Total surgical extirpation of the encapsulated abscess was carried out aseptically under sedation and local anaesthesia and managed chemotherapeutically using antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory agents post operatively.
Effect of genotype and sex on growth traits, feed utilization and survivability in Nigerian local and Nicholas white exotic turkey
Authors: Sola-Ojo F. E , Ayorinde K. L , Fayeye T. R , Ahutu I. A , Obadare A. R.
Published: February 2021

Two hundred (200) Nigerian local and Nicholas white (NW) exotic poults (hundred for each breed) were observed from day old to fifteen week for growth traits [Body Weight (BW) and linear body measurements; Body Length (BL), Body Girth (BG), Shank Length (SL) Shank Diameter (SD), Thigh Length (TL), Wing length (WL)], survivability and feed utilization potential (feed intake and feed conversion ratio). There was a significant (p<0.05) genotype effect on BW throughout the experimental period, BW ranged from 120.41± 3.12 to 2764.00±32.10g and 142.29±2.94 to 4601.00±41.45g in Nigerian local and NW exotic turkey respectively. Sex effect and interaction between genotypes and sex (GxS) on bodyweight were significant (p<0.05) between weeks 7 to 15. Genotypes, sex and GxS effects were also significant (p<0.05) on linear body parameters measured at different ages. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio for the two genotypes were significantly (p<0.05) different. The NW exotic consumed more feed than the local turkey (14.29 to 250.31g vs. 13.27 to 200.47g) from week 1 to 15. The Nigerian local poults significantly (p<0.04) had better feed conversion ratio (FCR) from week 1 to 7 (0.17 to 0.21) than the NW exotic (0.20 to 0.23). However, as the poults grow older (from week 8 to 15), the NW exotic had better FCR (0.24 to 0.31) compared to the Nigerian local (0.27 to 0.38).Mortality rate was higher in the NW exotic (25%) than the Nigerian local turkey during the study period. This research showed significant genotype, sex and GxS interaction effects on growth traits of turkey. It showed that the NW exotic poults consumed more feed and gained more weight than the Nigerian local from week 1 to 15, had better feed conversion ratio and poorer survivability at older ages (weeks 8 to 15). The Nigerian local consumed smaller quantity of feed and had better FCR at poults stage (weeks 1 to 7). The Nigerian local turkey had better survivability rate throughout the experimental period and can be selected for an improved body weight and better feed utilization at early stage of life.
ANALISA PENGARUH VARIASI TEKANAN DAN JENIS BAHAN BAKAR TERHADAP SUDUT SPRAY DAN PEMBAKARAN BAHAN BAKAR YANG DISEMPROTKAN INJEKTOR HONDA BEAT
Authors: Efendi Achmad Dwi
Published: February 2021

Pada motor bakar dengan sistem injeksi sistem bahan bakarnya menggunakan injektor untuk menspray bahan bakar. Pada penelitian ini penulis akan menganalisa pengaruh tekanan dan jenis bahan bakar terhadap sudut spray dan  pembakaran bahan bakar yang disemprotkan menggunakan injektor honda beat, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sudut spray, panajang api dan panjang flashback pembakaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah meneliti sudut spray,panjang api dan flash back pembakaran bahan bakar pertamax dan pertalite dengan tekanan 3 kg/cm2, 4 kg/cm2, dan 5 kg/cm2, pada injektor 6 lubang dengan diameter 0.15 mm milik honda beat tahun 2013 Dari pengujian yang dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa tekanan dan jenis bahan bakar berpengaruh pada sudut spray, panjang api dan flashback api dengan hasil penelitian dimana data yang diperoleh dsri pengujian menunjukkan bahwa nilai sudut spray, panjang api dan panjang  flashback pertalite lebih besar dari pada pertamax
Reproducibilidad de diferentes test físicos en jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas. [Reproducibility of different physical tests in wheelchair basketball players].
Authors: Narvaez Iker , Yanci Javier , Romarate Ander , Garcia-Tabar Ibai , Romaratezabala Estibaliz , Iturricastillo Aitor
Published: February 2021

A pesar de que las acciones físicas que los jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas (BSR) deben realizar en los partidos son acciones que implican múltiples cambios de dirección y acciones de esprint y cambio de dirección repetidos, en la actualidad no existe ningún trabajo científico que analice la reproducibilidad de distintos test de capacidad de cambio de dirección, esprines y cambios de dirección repetidos. Diecisiete jugadores (15 hombres y 2 mujeres; 25,9±9,7 años) pertenecientes a un equipo de BSR de Primera División Española participaron en este estudio. En la primera semana (Test), en dos sesiones distintas, se realizaron 5 test [Test 3-3-6, Test 505, Test Illinois, Test de Esprines Repetidos (RSA) y el test repetido Modified Agility Test (rMAT)], y una semana después se volvieron a repetir (re-Test). Los resultados de los test de capacidad de cambio de dirección mostraron altos valores de reproducibilidad (CCI>0,74; CV<3,82±2,62%; SEM<0,33). En cuanto al RSA, la reproducibilidad tanto en la media de las repeticiones como del mejor intento fue alta (CCI>0,90; CV<3,85±3,59%; SEM<0,04). Con respecto al rMAT, la media y la mejor repetición mostraron también una reproducibilidad alta (CCI>0,94; CV<2,18±1,73%; SEM=0,27). Sin embargo, el índice de fatiga (Sdec) no mostró buenos valores de reproducibilidad ni en el RSA ni en el rMAT. Todos los test presentaron altos valores de reproducibilidad, por lo que podrían ser utilizados por los entrenadores y preparadores físicos como herramienta para evaluar la evolución de la capacidad física en jugadores de BSR.
Differences in Norwegian and Swedish student teachers’ explanations of solutions of linear equations
Authors: Larson Niclas , Larsson Kerstin
Published: February 2021

This study draws on data from 146 Norwegian and 161 Swedish student teachers. They were given a correct but short and unannotated solution to the linear equation x + 5 = 4x – 1. The student teachers were invited to explain the solution provided for a fictive friend, who was absent when the teacher introduced this topic. An accurate solution of this equation contains two additive and one multiplicative operation.

There are two main strategies for solving a linear equation, ‘swap sides swap signs’ (SSSS) and ‘do the same to both sides’ (DSBS). Of the Norwegian student teachers, 2/3 explained the additive steps in the solution by SSSS, while only 1/3 of the Swedish student teachers applied SSSS. Consequently, DSBS was more frequent among the Swedish student teachers regarding the additive steps. However, in the final, multiplicative step, 3/4 of the Norwegian student teachers chose to explain by DSBS. On the contrary, among the Swedish student teachers the proportion applying DSBS for the multiplicative step of the solution decreased, and almost as many provided a deficient explanation of the final operation.

We discuss possible reasons for differences between the nations. We also suggest how teacher educators in both countries can use the results of this study to improve student teachers’ explanations of how to solve linear equations.
Case study: Employing Agile Tools in Teaching Product Development to Mechatronics Students
Authors: Tørdal Sondre Sanden , Klausen Andreas , Jakobsen Mette Mo
Published: February 2021

Agile tools such as Git are widely used in the industry for source control, collaboration and documentation. Such tools have been implemented in a mechatronic product development course to allow for easier collaboration between students. The course content is mainly provided using a GitLab Pages webpage which hosts software documentation and scripts. This course was first changed in 2019 to include the development of an autonomous strawberry picker. However, the use of standard learning management system and lecture slides provided a cumbersome experience for the students. Therefore, these agile tools were presented in 2020 version to improve the course. In this paper, the course content is detailed, and student feedback from both years are discussed to reveal the outcome of the changes.
Utvikling av digitale læringsressurser for forkurs for ingeniørutdanning på tvers av studiesteder
Authors: Esjeholm Bjørn-Tore , Fredriksen H.
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Fra høsten 2019 har forkursene for ingeniørutdanning ved UiT-Norges arktiske universitet deltatt i prosjektet «Sammen 2021» der målet er å bedre gjennomstrømmingen og øke rekrutteringen til ingeniørstudiene gjennom å forbedre studieopplegget og læringsprosessene i alle fagene på forkursene. Forkurs/realfagskurs tilbys i dag ved studiestedene Alta, Tromsø, Narvik og Bodø. Tidligere har lokale lærere ved de ulike studiestedene vært autonome og i stor grad laget opplegg og tilrettelagt for læring gjennom tradisjonell klasseromsundervisning. Graden av samarbeid på tvers av studiestedene har stort sett begrenset seg til felles heldagsprøver rundt semesterslutt. I prosjektet har de ca. 20 faglærerne dannet grupper på tvers av studiesteder innen hvert fag og både sammen og hver for seg utviklet digitale læringsressurser (forelesninger, oppgaver, selvrettende tester, animasjoner m.m.) som fortløpende er tatt i bruk i undervisningen. De utviklede ressursene er stilt til disposisjon for alle lærerne som dermed kan velge opplegg fra en stadig økende base av faglige opplegg. Som en del av prosjektet har det vært tatt i bruk ulike typer teknologi til produksjon av læringsressurser, og det har også blitt gitt felles kursing innen blant annet produksjon og bruk av film og LMS. Det er en forutsetning at det i prosjektet skal legges til rette for mer studentaktiv læring. 1,5 år ut i prosjektet har studenter og faglærere svart på spørreundersøkelser for å kartlegge erfaringer og synspunkter på prosjektet. Resultatene viser at faglærerne i hovedsak vektlegger økt samarbeid med kollegaer og økt egenkompetanse innen produksjon av digitale læremidler som positive utfall av prosjektet. Studentenes respons til en blanding av digital undervisning utenfor klasserommet i kombinasjon med fellestimer i klasserommet er overveiende positiv.  Studentene peker på mangel på sosial kontakt med andre studenter og vanskeligheter med å få hjelp av lærer utenfor klasserommet som negative aspekter ved digital læring.
Det er lurt å skrive en avtale!
Authors: Aakre Iselin Grav , Mørkve Marte Sørtveit
Published: February 2021

Gruppearbeid er en sentral læringsaktivitet i Ingeniørfaglig innføringsemne, som bachelor ingeniørstudenter tar første semester. Evalueringsskjema (n = 333) og studentintervjuer (n = 4) viser at ingeniørstudenter har svært positive erfaringer med å skrive en gruppeavtale i dette emnet. I studentintervjuene blir særlig gruppeavtalen sin rolle for å unngå eller løse eventuelle konflikter dratt frem. Evalueringsskjemaet viser at et betydelig flertall av studentene sier seg enig i påstandene «Det var lurt å skrive en avtale» og «Jeg vil ta initiativ til å lage en slik avtale i fremtiden». Studentene som oppgir å ha brukt gruppeavtalen aktivt er mer positive til både gruppeavtalen, i hvilken grad medstudentene bidro i gruppearbeidet og prosjektet for øvrig.
Er vi bedre på læringsaktiviteter enn på læringsutbyttebeskrivelser?
Authors: Holtermann Kristin , Gjerdevik Birthe , Rensvik Beate Ulrikke , Balevik Stine Beate , Stokka Tone
Published: February 2021

I denne artikkelen ser vi på sammenhengen mellom læringsaktiviteter og innholdet i læringsutbyttebeskrivelser. Vår undersøkelse av læringsutbyttebeskrivelser viser at flere av ferdighetene og de generelle kompetansene inngår i emnene sine læringsaktiviteter, men at de ikke alltid gjenspeiles i læringsutbyttebeskrivelsene på emnene.

Læringsutbyttebeskrivelser tydeliggjør for student og underviser hva forventet læring i emnet er og bør derfor vise det reelle innholdet i emnene. Ved utforming av læringsutbyttebeskrivelser er det viktig å se på sammenhengen mellom læringsutbytte, læringsaktivitet og vurdering (constructive alignment) (Biggs og Tang, 2011; Biggs, 2014). Læringsutbyttet gir oversikt over innhold i emner og konkretiserer hvilke emner som har ansvar for ulike deler av gradens samlede læringsutbytte. Læringsutbyttebeskrivelser kan også vise arbeidslivsrelevans gjennom synliggjøring av ferdigheter og generell kompetanse (Smith og Reid, 2018).

Bakgrunnen for undersøkelsen er prosjektet Generiske ferdigheter ved Det matematisk- naturvitenskapelige fakultet ved Universitetet i Bergen. Prosjektet inkluderer en emnekartlegging (curriculum mapping) der emnenes innhold av ferdigheter og generell kompetanse uttrykt som samarbeid, skriftlig og muntlig kommunikasjon samt kritisk tenking og informasjonskompetanse ble identifisert. 

Vi undersøkte om svarene fra emnekartleggingen kan gjenfinnes i læringsutbyttebekrivelsene for utvalgte emner. Gjennomføring av emnekartlegging kan brukes for å se på innholdet av generell kompetanse i utdanningen, men det er lite fokus på den praktiske utførelsen av dette (Sumsion og Goodfellow, 2004; Lam og Tsui, 2014). Derimot er det få artikler som konkretiserer hvordan man bruker resultatene fra en emnekartlegging for å identifisere mangler i læringsutbyttebeskrivelser. Dette paperet vil kunne bidra til en bedre forståelse av hvordan man kan jobbe med dette.
Online mathematics teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: The perspective of lecturers and students
Authors: Radmer Fazad , Goodchild Simon
Published: February 2021

The global spread of the novel coronavirus, Covid-19, reached Norway at the end of February 2020. MatRIC, Centre for Research, Innovation and Coordination of Mathematics Teaching conducted a national survey in Norwegian higher education institutions (HEIs) during June-July 2020 to explore lecturers’ and students’ experiences of online mathematics teaching and learning and to enable sharing of solutions to the challenges encountered. One hundred and twenty-seven students and eighteen lecturers participated in this survey. In this presentation, we will share some of the findings of the survey in relation to the following two themes: challenges of learning and teaching mathematics online, and the psychological impact of lockdown on student learning and lecturer teaching. The study findings show that many students missed the social contact, being physically present at the university, and face to face interaction with their lecturers. Additionally, several students experienced a degree of anxiety through the lockdown period to the extent that they perceived their learning was negatively affected. Lecturers took a number of steps to ensure lines of communication remained open. Our findings show that simple actions by the lecturer to open channels of communication can be very effective.
Motivasjon for beregningsorientert biologi og sammenhengen med matematikk R2 fra videregående opplæring
Authors: Eliassen June Edvarda , Bøe Maria V. , Nederbragt Lex , Gregers Tone F.
Published: February 2021

Programmering og modellering har i de senere år blitt innført i høyere utdanning og be innført i skolen med fagfornyelsen fra høsten 2020. Det har skapt behov for mer kunnskap om motivasjon og læring i emner som integrerer programmering som et nytt element i ellers veletablerte fagdisipliner. Denne studien undersøkte motivasjon for beregningsorientering (programmering og modellering) ved studieprogrammet biovitenskap ved Universitetet i Oslo. Spørreundersøkelser basert på Eccles’ forventning-verdi-modell ble gjennomført ved semesterstart og -slutt i to påfølgende år, før og etter innføring av krav om matematikk R2 (R2-kravet). Motivasjonsvariabler ble validert ved faktoranalyse og undersøkelse av indre konsistens. Resultatene viste at studentene hadde lavere mestringsforventning og interesse for et emne som integrerer programmering i biologi enn for studieprogrammet generelt. Nytteverdien var den sterkeste motiverende faktoren for emnet. Studenter med matematikk R2 hadde større mestringsforventning til emnet enn de som ikke hadde denne fordypningen, og opplevde mindre utfordring med matematikk og programmering i emnet. Samtidig opplevde disse studentene større utfordring med biologien i emnet, og det viste seg at studenter med full fordypning i matematikk R2 i mindre grad enn studenter uten R2 hadde full fordypning i biologi fra videregående opplæring. Resultatene drøftes i lys av motivasjonsteori med tanke på implikasjoner for undervisning, inntakskrav og videre forskning.
Joining forces for sustainability education – Sustainability Education Collective at the University of Bergen
Authors: Enberg Katja , Harlap Yael
Published: February 2021

Agenda 2030 and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have resulted in a heightened focus on sustainability in Norwegian – and global – academia. Sustainability Education requires innovative pedagogy and active, action-oriented learning allowing the learners to think critically and engage in exploring sustainable futures. Sustainability education is inherently interdisciplinary, requiring involvement from more than one academic discipline. However, university incentive structures create obstacles for "sharing" students and courses across units, and for innovating in teaching methods, especially in assessment. In order to coordinate, develop and collaborate on sustainability education at the University of Bergen, in 2020 we established a Sustainability Education Collective (Bærekraftskollegiet). Members are primarily academic staff from all six Faculties at the university, who either already teach courses related to sustainability or have a strong interest in building sustainability education into their discipline. In our first year's monthly meetings, we concentrated on defining the goals and guidelines of the collective, discussed thematic issues and held brainstorming and feedback sessions for sustainability initiatives, courses and study programs at the university. The Collective's structure has been loosely modelled on the Faculty Learning Community, a well-established and well-researched approach to engaging academic staff in ongoing activities around a common interest. The Sustainability Education Collective aims to be a transformative learning initiative with a multiplier effect, as courses and programs are developed and revised to foster sustainability learning for students.
Product development and project-based learning in Mechatronics, in the context of digitization and sustainability
Authors: Jakobsen Mette Mo , Tørdal Sondre Sanden , Klausen Andreas , Robbersmyr Kjell Gunnar , Tyapin Ilya
Published: February 2021

Engineering projects affect many of the UN’s sustainability goals. The development and design of new products and systems using a circular economy perspective is an important challenge towards a more sustainable society. Product development projects have common process characteristics, but methodologies, tools and methods differ for developing hardware (mechanical and electrical) or developing software. In Mechatronics such methods need to be combined, and product development and project-based learning is well suited for teaching and learning within Mechatronics, in addition to technical specialization subjects within both mechanical, electrical and software engineering. It is also suited for developing consciousness for sustainability. At UiA project-based learning is a part of several courses. This article draw out some experiences from teaching two different project-based product development courses the last two years, one at Bachelor and one at Master level. The courses are viewed as products, and product development is used as methodology for developing teaching and learning as well. The aim is continuous improvement of the learning outcome of these courses. This is in accordance with the SoTL-approach, Scholarship of teaching and learning.
Studenters forberedelse til undervisning i Team-Based Learning. Selv-regulert læring og tidsbruk
Authors: Irgens Børge
Published: February 2021

Omvendt undervisning, hvor studentene forbereder seg individuelt før undervisningsøktene, benyttes i mange emner for å få tid til å gjøre mer studentaktive læringsaktiviteter i undervisningen. For at dette skal fungere bra må studentene motiveres til å forberede seg, spesielt hvis læringsaktivitetene innebærer gruppearbeid. Team-Based Learning (TBL), som kan regnes som en spesiell type omvendt undervisning, er en tilnærming som skal være spesielt egnet for å motivere studentene til å forberede seg.

Målene med denne studien var å kartlegge studenters tidsbruk, selvregulering- og læringsstrategier i forkant av undervisningen og å undersøke sammenhengen mellom disse faktorene og resultat på en forberedelsestest som gjennomføres i begynnelsen av undervisningsøktene i et TBL basert emne. Studien ble gjennomført i emnet FYS-1001 mekanikk ved UiT Norges arktiske universitet høsten 2020. Omtrent 30 studenter tok emnet for første gang.

Informasjon om studentenes selvregulering- og læringsstrategier ble samlet inn ved bruk av spørreskjemaet Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. For å måle hvor forberedt studentene var for klasseromsundervisningen ble det gjennomført førtester i starten av enkelte undervisningsøkter. Studentene oppga også hvor mye tid de hadde brukt til å forberede seg og hvor mange dager de hadde brukt.

Det ble ikke funnet signifikante forskjeller i selvregulering- og læringsstrategier mellom studentene som var godt og dårlig forberedt til undervisningen.
Etikk, samfunnsansvar og profesjonalitet i IKT-utdanning
Authors: Hanssen Øyvind
Published: February 2021

Som en del av bachelorstudiet i informasjonssystemer ved HiNe/Nord Universitet har vi gitt emnet "etikk og IT profesjonalitet". Vi har med dette ønsket å bygge opp under en profesjonell og bevisst holdning til IKT-faget og den kulturen som omgir faget. Emnet har tatt opp aktuelle juridiske og samfunnsfaglige tema knyttet til digitalisering og IKT samt noe om grunnleggende etikk. Erfaringer og undersøkelser blant tidligere studenter tyder på at temaene oppleves som viktige, relevante og engasjerende. Det har en betydning at lærestoffet beskriver samfunnsforhold og diskurser som man kan kjenne seg igjen i. Undersøkelsen tyder på at det med fordel kan utvikles lærestoff tilpasset norske samfunnsforhold.
Prólogo
Authors: Perera Lumbi Juan Francisco
Published: February 2021

Este volumen no. 13, presenta una compilación estructurada en 6 secciones temáticas las cuales comprenden 8 artículos, cuentos, leyendas y poesía.
Motivación en la expresión oral en la Carrera de Español
Authors: Simmons Martínez Anielka María , Blandón Jirón Consuelo Lizeth
Published: February 2021

El proceso de reforma educativa que estamos viviendo ha planteado, entre otros aspectos, la necesidad de revisar el papel que debe desempeñar el docente en el desarrollo de estrategias que ayuden a mejor la motivación en la expresión oral en los procesos enseñanza – aprendizaje. El enfoque de este estudio es cualitativo, porque estudia actitudes, comportamientos y la necesidad de dar soluciones a la falta de motivación en la expresión oral, a fin de que se convierta en una herramienta para los docentes. El estudio se desarrolló en la comunidad El Jícaro, Municipio de San Miguelito, Departamento de Río San Juan, en el instituto Carlos Fonseca Amador, en el cuarto año de Educación Secundaria no regular del turno Sabatino, durante el II Semestre del 2013. Al realizar el análisis de los resultados se determinó que se carece de estrategias que fortalezcan la expresión oral, por medio de la innovación y la motivación. Que las técnicas y métodos motivacionales no son congruentes con las programaciones que se realizan en el aula de clase, teniendo presente la expresión oral
Los efectos de la luna en la producción agropecuaria
Authors: Vásquez Cabrera Aura Danelia , Narváez Gago Jaritza Maquiel , Calero Borge Wilson Antonio
Published: February 2021

La investigación se realizó en la colonia San Martín, ubicada a 30 km al Noreste de Nueva Guinea (RAAS). El propósito fue caracterizar el conocimiento tradicional que tienen los productores acerca del efecto de la luna en la producción agropecuaria. Se apoyó en la aplicación de entrevistas dirigida a productores y productoras. Los participantes fueron seleccionados por la actividad productiva a que se dedican, residentes en la colonia San Martín, así como las disponibilidad a participar en el estudio, igualmente se aplicó entrevistas a productoras jefas de familia. Los productores consideran de importancia las fases lunares en la producción agropecuaria, ya que estas influyen directamente en sus cosechas y es una guía para aprovechar mejor la tierra y sus cultivos. El período más adecuado para casi todas las actividades pecuarias y agrícolas es luna llena. Ellos conocen de las fases lunares y efectos diversos en los cultivos y animales, los que practican día a día y fueron heredados por sus antepasados. La mujer se involucra en las distintas actividades del campo; la mujer está pendiente de las fases lunares adecuadas para la realización de actividades productivas y cosecha de sus productos. Valoran muy eficaz y positivo trabajar de acuerdo al calendario lunar, ya que obtienen beneficios, y por ende estos conocimientos tradicionales los heredaran a las futuras generaciones.
Anatomic 3D-Printed Endoprosthetic With Multiligament Reconstruction After En Bloc Resection in Giant Cell Tumor of Distal Radius
Authors: Kuptniratsaikul Vanasiri , Luangjarmekorn Pobe , Charoenlap Chris , Hongsaprabhas Chindanai , Kitidumrongsook Pravit
Published: February 2021

A 34-year-old woman was diagnosed with a giant cell tumor of the right distal radius with extensive articular invasion. After en-bloc resection of 5.5 cm of the distal radius, reconstruction was done with three-dimensional printing custom-made distal radius prosthesis. In addition, a multiligament reconstruction was done to prevent postoperative radiocarpal subluxation and imitate the native distal radius. At 18 months, the range of motion was 20° dorsiflexion, 10° palmar flexion, 10° supination, and 60° pronation. Her grip strength was 60% compared with the contralateral side. No complications were seen during this 2-year follow-up. We present the combined 3-dimensional printed custom-made prosthetic with multiligament reconstruction as an innovative method without postoperative complication at 2 years.
Challenges of Self-Presentation and Athlete Branding Among Saudi Female Exercisers: An Auto-ethnography of a Muslim Saudi Personal Trainer Instagram User
Authors: Basabain Wesam , Macleod Kirsten , Westbury Tony , Qutub Afnan
Published: February 2021

Some athletes have attracted millions of audiences, even if being namely recognised. Cristiano Ronaldo, Neymar JR., and David Beckham have the most Instagram followers on a global scale. Online Social Networks (OSN) allows users to establish their profiles to communicate with others through actions such as follows and comments. Currently, athletes prefer to utilise Instagram for self-branding purposes. Therefore, many studies have examined their practices. From the rising of Model of Athlete Brand Image MABI offline practices to the development of online athlete branding consumers’ engagements on social media, all studies have concerned three main categories to build athlete brand image, namely Athletic performance, Attractive appearance, and Marketable lifestyles. As a Saudi female personal trainer who uses Instagram to build a brand image, this auto-ethnography aims to reflect on my personal experiences, including cultural aspects that affect athlete branding strategies. Athlete branding studies have not focused on cultural differences yet. Most Muslim Saudi women are culturally conservative; they cover their bodies in public as a religious practice. This qualitative study describes my own experiences and Instagram visual content selections. It attempts to understand the motives, outcomes, and online self-presentation challenges and strategies of Muslim female exercisers who aim to build their athlete brand image. A key result indicated that Attractive appearance category was not applicable in the self-presentation of a Muslim female athlete in her athlete branding strategies. The trainer encountered some cultural challenges, for instance, religious values such as veiling and gender segregation, which conflict with the ability to rely on the self-characteristics for branding. Therefore, other strategies were applied, such as presenting body composition before and after test results and testimonials for clients.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Earth Science Research, Vol. 10, No. 1
Authors: Luo Lesley
Published: February 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Earth Science Research, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2021.
Impact of Body Mass Index on the Mortality of Critically Ill Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study
Authors: Sanaie Sarvin , Hosseini Mohammad-Salar , Karrubi Fahimeh , Iranpour Afshin , Mahmoodpoor Ata
Published: February 2021

Background: Obesity is a severe multifactorial disorder that carries high morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the possible association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients admitted to the ICU were studied. The demographic characteristics, ICU, and hospital length of stay, organ failure, mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, the occurrence of nosocomial infection, and type of admission were recorded for all patients. Patients were categorized based on their BMI. Results: In total, 502 patients were studied who 53.2% of them were male. Most of the death (28.6%) were recorded in the obesity class II patients, while the lowest rate (3.9%) was for the normal-weight patients (P value < 0.001). The APACHE II and waist circumference had a statistically significant association with the mortality rate (P value < 0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, a significant association was found between waist circumference and mortality rate (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03 - 1.29; P value = 0.014), APACHE II score, and mortality rate (OR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.91 - 4.07, P value < 0.001); but there was no significant association between BMI and mortality rate. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that BMI is associated with an increased risk of mortality, regardless of age and gender. However, after adjusting for age and gender as confounding factors, BMI didn’t have a significant effect on mortality, while the APACHE II score and waist circumference affected the mortality rate.
Effects of Eight-Week Combined Resistance and Endurance Training on Salivary Interleukin-12, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Cortisol, and Testosterone Levels in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Monazzami Amirabbas , Momenpur Roya , Alipour Elham , Yari Kheirollah , Payandeh Mehrdad
Published: February 2021

Background: In recent years, several studies have shown the association between exercise and decreased risk of mortality in patients with breast cancer. However, the effects of combined resistance and endurance training on salivary Interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), Cortisol, and Testosterone levels in patients with breast cancer have not been investigated. Objectives: This study aimed at determining the effect of 8 weeks of combined resistance and endurance training on salivary IL-12, TNF-α, Cortisol, and Testosterone levels in women with breast cancer. Methods: Forty-two postmenopausal women with breast cancer were randomly selected and divided into training (intervention) and control groups. The training group performed resistance training with 2 to 3 sets, 10 to 18 repetitions, 50 to 70% 1 repetition maximum (1RM), and aerobic exercise with 50 to 70% maximum heart rate (maxHR) (12-14 degrees borg scale) for 20 to 40 minutes for 8 weeks. The salivary IL-12, TNF-α, cortisol, and testosterone levels were measured, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Two-way analysis of variance repeated measure was also used to analyze variance with the confidence interval of 95%. Results: In the training group, there was a significant decrease in salivary TNF-α levels, cortisol, TNF-α/IL-12 ratio, and variables of weight, fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (P < 0.05). Also, the results showed a significant increase in salivary testosterone and testosterone/cortisol ratio in the intervention group (P < 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed in the interaction between-group and time in IL-12 and waist–hip ratio (WHR) values (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate that resistance and endurance training could be used as a useful method to improve salivary pro-inflammatory factors and hormonal levels in patients with breast cancer. Medical oncologists can underline a resistance and endurance training program for patients with breast cancer under their care.
Decisions of the Samogitian Court in the First Decade of the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Vilimas Darius
Published: February 2021

The article examines several types of legal dispute resolutions in Samogitian castle and land courts in the first decade of the seventeenth century. These are non-appear­ance decisions and reconciliations between litigants. Dozens of examples from castle and land courts are provided. The ways of arriving at the court decisions discussed were measures aimed at accelerating the administration of justice, which was not quick enough due to endless disputes, appeals, or postponement of cases in the courts of Samogitia. Reconciliation was often achieved on the eve of oaths in court. At the same time, efforts were made to reduce the enormous workload of the courts in the region.
Distribution of the Banned Lithuanian Press in Suwalki Province
Authors: Stepukonienė Inga
Published: February 2021

Suwalki province is a region where the distribution of the banned Lithuanian press began quite early, almost immediately after the 1863 uprising. Book smugglers quickly found a route suitable for transporting such publications from Lithuania Minor: they crossed the border in the districts of Vilkaviškis and Naumiestis, transported the press by boats across Vištytis Lake, carried it on their shoulders across the Liepuona stream, took it across the bridge over this river, often from Prussia at Eitkūnai (now Chernyshevsky) or through the Kybartai customs, and then by train from Kybartai railway station. Thousands of books and newspapers were carried across the bridge over the Širvinta. The bundles of the Lithuanian press were even floated along the river or pulled by ropes along its bottom. The state border would also be crossed near Sudargas on the Prussian side, and books would be transported by steamboats along the Nemunas River. Then, through Marijampolė district, they would be transported all over Lithuania. In the second half of the nineteenth century, Marijampolė Gymnasium and Veiveriai Teachers’ Seminary became very important secret centres for the awakening of Lithuanian national self-consciousness in Suwalki province. It did not take long for the first signs of Lithuanian national activity to mature at Marijampolė Gymnasium, where the tsarist administration allowed optional Lithuanian language classes. Such patriotic personalities as teachers Petras Arminas and Petras Kriaučiūnas in Marijampolė, who instilled love and respect for the Lithuanian language in their students, introduced them to examples of Lithuanian literature, and ignited a sense of national self-esteem, played an immensely important role. Teachers Tomas Ferdinandas Žilinskas and Juozas Kairiūkštis awakened Lithuanian self-awareness in their students at Veiveriai Teachers’ Seminary, where extremely strict censorship conditions were observed. The influence of these educators led to the spread of the banned Lithuanian press among students, to the formation of first groups of its creation, distribution and reading, the growing interest in the cultural traditions and the past of the Lithuanian nation, and the introduction of secret Lithuanian education in primary schools (J. Andziulaitis). “Sietynas” and “Artojai”, the secret societies of press distribution established in Sūduva, which rallied supporters from Sūduva region and many local residents, added a powerful impetus to the whole process of book smuggling in Lithuania. Thanks to these organizations, the banned Lithuanian press reached even the remotest villages in the region and was distributed in towns and cities. Members of these societies built extensive book smuggling networks that aimed at distributing the press not only in Sūduva, but throughout the whole territory of Lithuania. Thus, the Lithuanian written word from Sūduva reached many Lithuanians and raised their national self-esteem.
Types of Neoclassical Word Formation: The Case of Lithuanian Neologisms
Authors: Aleksaitė Agnė
Published: February 2021

New Lithuanian lexis can be accessed in the Database of Lithuanian Neologisms (DN), containing about 5674 lexicographic units (as of 6 April 2020). The current article examines 197 nouns representing neoclassical word formation. Borrowings, including nouns, formed from foreign elements were excluded from the analysis. The aim of the study was to identify the most common types of neoclassical word formation attested in the DN and to explore their role in creating stylistically connoted nouns. The analysis of the nouns under study provided the following results: 1. Neoclassical word formation is not a common strategy in the DN (197 nouns have been found). However, translations make up a substantial part (46). 2. The most productive type of neoclassical word formation in the DN is compounding (90), followed by suffixation (88). Neoclassical prefixes (19) are less common. 3. As the data of the DN show, neoclassical word formation is not a common means of wordplay. Neoclassical suffixes (30), such as -izmas, -(i)acija ir -oidas, are more common in building nouns that display emotive-expressive functions. Sixteen stylistically connoted nouns exemplify neoclassical compounding and four nouns are built by prefixation. 4. Wider implications about neoclassical word formation and its most productive types could be drawn by extending the current research based on the data from the DN.
Activation of plant LTR-retrotransposons under in vitro culture stress
Authors: Konvalyuk I. I. , Bublyk O. M. , Andreev I. O.
Published: February 2021

Retrotransposons make up a significant part of plant genome and are probably the most dynamic part of it, so they play a significant role in the generation of genetic variation. In particular, their activation can lead to structural reorganization of genome and changes in genome size, the emergence of novel genetic and phenotypic variants, as well as changes in gene expression, thus providing the raw material for adaptation and evolution. This review summarizes literature data on the activation of LTR-retrotransposons of the superfamilies Ty1/Copia and Ty3/Gypsy during in vitro culture and under various abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Their structure, classification, and significance for the organization and functioning of plant genome are reviewed. The main mechanisms of activation of LTR-retrotransposons under stress conditions are explored, including changes in DNA methylation and interaction of stress-induced transcription factors with retrotransposon promoters due to the presence of specific binding sites and other regulatory elements. The review also discusses consequences of activation of retrotransposons and control of their activity by self-inactivation mechanisms and the epigenetic regulation of genome.Keywords: retrotransposons, Ty1/Copia, Ty3/Gypsy, in vitro culture, abiotic and biotic stress.
The symbolic space of northern cities of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) on the example of art objects
Authors: Kysylbaikova Marina Ilyinichna , Khokholova Irena Semenovna , Vasileva Alina Petrovna
Published: February 2021

This article examines the symbolic space of northern cities of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), represented by art objects of modernity. The interpretation of landscape text, its symbolic transformation within the framework of transformations of the state structure contributes to broad understanding of territorial identity and determination of its new forms and projections. The authors consider the experience of Central Russia and Western cities. The article presents classification of art objects, murals and graffiti of the cities of Sakha Republic (Yakutia) by structural-semantic hierarchy in the monumental decorative art of urban space. Special attention is given to the bright examples with regional and local code components, as well to the objects created under the influence of Western culture. The novelty of this research consists the overview and analysis of the art objects of northern cities of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) from the perspective of semiotic approach. The peculiarities of creation of art objects, their symbolism and meaning are determined. The author highlights the main flaws in the concept of creation of urban spaces in the North, as well as offers possible solutions to the questions of formation of favorable urban environment, taking into account seamless adaptation to time and place. Emphasis is  made on the need for systemic approach in the search for own identity in erection of art objects, application of color and light, as well as on the need for functionality and environmental friendliness of art objects in northern cities of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia).
A Rare Case of Dengue Fever Complicated by Hepatitis and Pancreatitis: Expanded Dengue Syndrome
Authors: Das Tridip Kumar , Kanta Sagar
Published: February 2021

Dengue is a vector borne disease which is one of the major public health problems caused by dengue virus which has 4 serotypes (DENV 1-4) and the vector being Aedes mosquito which has varied clinical manifestations. This report is about a previously healthy 32-year-old male patient that complained of fever, pain abdomen and jaundice for 1 week. On investigation, the patient tested positive for dengue NS1 antigen with raised liver enzymes. As the disease progressed, the pain of abdomen aggravated, radiating to the back and developed constipation with raised serum amylase and lipase. The patient was treated for both acute hepatitis and pancreatitis accordingly and responded to the treatment and gradually improved. Hence, it was thought that common dengue should be ruled out as a cause of Acute Hepatitis or Pancreatitis, depending on the incidence of dengue in that area.
Effect of Wax Coating on Post Harvest Quality Parameters and Sensory Characteristics of Oranges
Authors: Wabali Victor C. , Chukwu Winifred C.
Published: February 2021

Various wax preservatives (Aloe vera gel, polyethene film, Candle wax, and Control) were evaluated to determine their effect on sensory characteristics (color, texture, and overall acceptability) of sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis) preserved at ambient temperature for 21 days. The goal of this study is to extend the shelf life of harvested oranges by the application of Aloe Vera wax, paraffin wax and polyethylene film to evaluate the treatment that will enhance physico-chemical parameters as well sensory characteristics. Other parameters examined were weight loss, pH, Total sugar (brix), Total solid, ash, moisture and vitamin C content. Results indicated that weight loss was observed across samples, however the weight loss was least with Aloe vera coated oranges which showed a significantly higher weight value (170.57 gm) after 3 weeks of storage. Sensory profile results showed that Aloe vera coated oranges had higher color and overall acceptability scores of 6.65 and 7.20 respectively. Also, the aloes vera coated oranges showed higher vitamin C content (24.15 mg/100 ml), indicating that oranges coated with Aloe vera gel prevented the deterioration of vitamin C during the period of storage.
Scaled Prediction Variances of Equiradial Design under Changing Design Sizes, Axial Distances and Center Runs
Authors: Chekwube Bartholomew, Desmond , Paul Obite, Chukwudi , Joan Ismaila-Cosmos
Published: February 2021

The aim of every design choice is to minimize the prediction error, especially at every location of the design space, thus, it is important to measure the error at all locations in the design space ranging from the design center (origin) to the perimeter (distance from the origin). The measure of the errors varies from one design type to another and considerably the distance from the design center. Since this measure is affected by design sizes, it is ideal to scale the variance for the purpose of model comparison. Therefore, we have employed the Scaled Prediction Variance and D – optimality criterion to check the behavior of equiradial designs and compare them under varying axial distances, design sizes and center points. The following similarities were observed: (i) increasing the design radius (axial distance) of an equiradial design changes the maximum determinant of the information matrix by five percent of the new axial distance (5% of 1.414 = 0.07) see Table 3. (ii) increasing the nc center runs  pushes the maximum  SPV(x) to the furthest distance from the design center (0  0) (iii) changing the design radius changes the location in the design region with maximum SPV(x) by a multiple of the change and (iv) changing the design radius also does not change the maximum  SPV(x) at different radial points and center runs . Based on the findings of this research, we therefore recommend consideration of equiradial designs with only two center runs in order to maximize the determinant of the information matrix and minimize the scaled prediction variances.