bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Genetic Association Study of MTHFR C677T Polymorphism with Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Azizi Soheil , Shamshirian Amir , Alizadeh-Navaei Reza , Jafarpour Hamed , Asemi Zatollah , Tamtaji Omid Reza , Vaziri Mohammad Sadegh , Homayounfar Reza , Rezaei Shahmirzadi Arash , Alipoor Reza
Published: June 2019

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role as a methyl-group donor in demethylation of homocysteine. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to study the relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphism and metabolic syndrome (MS). We used search engines and databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed to identify eligible studies up to 2018. The articles were studied based on keywords including MTHFR, mutation, variant, and polymorphism in combination with MS. Data was analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.2.064 software. After extracting the data from seven articles, the total number of subjects was 1280 in the patient group and 1374 in the control group. The odds ratio was estimated to be 1.078 for the allele model of T vs. C (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.626-0.715), 1.157 for the allele model of CC vs. CT (95% CI: 0.829-1.615), 1.020 for the allele model of CT + TT vs. CC (95% CI: 1.611-0.646) and 0.799 for the allele model of TT vs. CC + CT (95% CI: 1.185-0.539). As well, the results showed no statistically significant correlation between polymorphism genotypes of the MTHFR gene and MS (P<0.05). In general, this study showed that the presence of C677T polymorphism in the MTHFRgene has no effect on the incidence of MS.[GMJ. 2019;inpress:e1472]
Effect of Aslagh Capsule, a Traditional Compound Herbal Product on Oligomenorrhea in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Three-Arm, Open-label, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Bahman Maryam , Hajimehdipoor Homa , Bioos Soodabeh , Hashem-Dabaghian Fataneh , Afrakhteh Maryam , Tansaz Mojgan
Published: June 2019

Background: Oligomenorrhea is a common complaint in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). There are some useful medicinal recommendations such as Aslagh product (include fennel fruits, carrot seeds, chaste tree fruits) in Iranian traditional medicine for the treatment of oligomenorrhea in PCOS. Hence, the present investigation was designed to compare Aslagh capsule with metformin on the oligomenorrhea. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty women aged between 18-43 years with oligomenorrhea due to PCOS were randomly divided into Aslagh, metformin, and Aslagh + metformin groups. The occurrence of menstrual bleeding was considered as the primary outcome. Menstrual cyclicity, duration, and volume of the bleeding were also evaluated. Results: Occurrence of menstrual bleeding was 87.2% in all patients, with no significant difference between the three groups (P> 0.05). Menstrual cyclicity significantly improved from baseline in Aslagh and Aslagh+ metformin groups (P=0.02). Duration of menstrual bleeding was significantly higher in Aslagh group in the first and the second menstrual bleeding cycle compared to the other two groups (P<0.05). No significant change was observed in the volume of the bleeding after the intervention in any of the three groups. The occurrence of menstrual bleeding in Aslagh group was significantly (P=0.03) higher than the other two groups in the fourth month (drug-free period). Conclusion: Aslagh capsule showed beneficial effects similar to metformin in the treatment of oligomenorrhea in PCOS women and could be suggested for use as an alternative treatment in these patients. [GMJ.2019;8:e1261]
A Short Review on the Relationships Between Nephrolithiasis and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Karami Hormoz , Maleki Hadi , Baghbeheshti Maryam , Hashemi Mostafa , Rouzbeh Mehrdad , Afkhami Ardakani Mohammad
Published: June 2019

The interaction between organs is a crucial part of modern medicine. As a very prerequisite to manage a disease, practitioners should have a full awareness of the related organs. Kidney and heart are two vital organs that are closely interconnected in various fields. These two organs have a lot of common risk factors for making a person unhealthy; therefore, if you prevent the disease in one of them, the other’s morbidity might be alleviated as well. Among them, nephrolithiasis and myocardial infarction (MI) have more risk factors in common, and both could be fatal. Also, these two diseases are important regarding the prevalence, incidence, and burden of disease. Some studies confirm the relationship between MI and nephrolithiasis; however, further researches are needed to discover the exact direction of their relationship. The present review aims to explain the mechanism of MI and nephrolithiasis; clarify the relationship between these two disease based on physiological, pathological, and clinical studies; and propose some solutions for the prevention and treatment of such diseases. [GMJ.2019;8:e1289]
Viscosity solutions of systems of PDEs with interconnected obstacles and switching problem without monotonicity condition
Authors: Hamadène Said , Mnif Mohamed , Neffati Sarra
Published: June 2019

We show the existence and uniqueness of a continuous viscosity solution of a system of partial differential equations (PDEs for short) without assuming the usual monotonicity conditions on the driver function as in Hamadène and Morlais’s article [ Applied Mathematics & Optimization 67 (2013), 163–196]. Our method strongly relies on the link between PDEs and reflected backward stochastic differential equations with interconnected obstacles for which we already know that the solution exists and is unique for general drivers.
Effects of eight weeks of bench press and squat power training on stable and unstable surfaces on 1RM and peak power in different testing conditions
Authors: Ignjatovic Aleksandar M. , Radovanovic Dragan S. , Kocić Jadranka
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:

The use of unstable training environments has been proposed to enhance the specific effects of movement through an increased activation of stabilizers and core muscles, but not for athletic or sport performance training requiring power.

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects in muscular strength and power outputs after eight weeks of stable and unstable resistance training in physically active subjects with maximal velocity of movement during concentric phase with the load of 50% of 1RM.

METHODS:

Seventy two male recreationally active subjects were divided into three groups (Unstable-UTG, Stable-STG and Control-CG). Unstable and Stable training groups trained twice a week for 8 weeks, bench press and squat exercises, 6 sets of 6 repetitions for each exercise. Pre and post-training measures included 1RM and peak power in stable and unstable conditions for bench press and squat.

RESULTS:

The results showed that there was a significant difference in main effects found with the training induced improvement between the training groups in pre- to post-test in squat 1RM, showing the transfer of specific unstable training exercises on 1RM squat. However, this was not the case in 1RM bench press. Both modalities (Stable and Unstable) produced statistically significant ([Formula: see text] 0.05) training effects on 1RM, with very small increases ranging from 3–7%. Significant main effects for peak power were found for bench press ([Formula: see text] 0.008) and squat ([Formula: see text] 0.025) exercises after the experimental program on both testing surfaces (stable and unstable). Both training programs produced greatest power gains on the surface on which the training was performed. The UTG improved significantly ([Formula: see text] 0.01) on peak power output on both the bench press and squat (12%) on unstable conditions. The STG improved significantly ([Formula: see text] 0.01) on peak power output on both the bench press and squat (7%) during stable conditions.

CONCLUSION:

The increase of 1RM in previously resistance untrained subjects is lesser than expected. The largest 1RM & peak power increases occurred after squat training on unstable surface, which suggests that unstable surface will not necessarily have negative effects on lower body performance.
Comparative use of three different laboratory methods to investigate a paradigmatic case of severe genetic dysbetalipoproteinemia
Authors: Gaddi Antonio V. , Giovannini Marina , Cenni Giovanna , Tempesta Sergio , Pinto Alessandro , Carnevali Lucio , Capello Fabio
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:

Lipoprotein separation and analysis is critical for the classification of different atherogenic dyslipidemias. Several methods are used in clinical practice to assess lipoprotein profile. Yet, those may give different diagnostic outcomes, as no standardization scale is currently available; thus, no effective comparison is possible. Combining results from different techniques may grant a more detailed lipid profile analysis, providing a better overview of dyslipidemias.

METHODS:

We analysed the lipoprotein profile of a male adult patient and his relatives, using three different techniques for lipoprotein subfractions analysis: cellulose acetate electrophoresis (CAE), polyacrylamide tube gel electrophoresis (PGGE, Lipoprint) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC).

RESULTS:

Diagnosis based on plasma lipid analysis resulted in hypertriglyceridemia (Triglycerides, TG, between 250 and 900 mg/dL), while CAE showed an extra band, compatible with an electrophoretic pattern of broad beta disease (Dysebtalipoproteinemia, phenotype III by Fredrickson Classification). In addition, Lipoprint revealed the presence of small dense LDL, and SEC, confirming the presence of sdLDL, and noticing the presence of beta-VLDL remnants.

CONCLUSIONS:

The combined information coming from the three methods granted us access to more detailed and distinguished information, allowing a more specific diagnosis and a better evaluation of a patient’s cardiovascular risk.
Métodos estratégicos gerais para estudos da informação no contexto virtual
Authors: Cruz Ruleandson do Carmo
Published: June 2019

Aborda-se métodos estratégicos qualitativos gerais para estudo da informação no contexto virtual. Define-se pesquisa qualitativa, informação e o contexto virtual de produção e circulação da informação. Traça-se estratégias para articulação entre objetivos de pesquisa e procedimentos metodológicos afim de alcançar-se os resultados, respondendo ao problema de pesquisa. Conclui-se que o estudo da informação em contextos virtuais requer criatividade metodológica.
Monitoring of Students’ Quality in the Context of Economic Education.
Authors: O. Lutsenko Kateryna , H. Ostanina Hanna
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the monitoring as the way of measuring students’ quality in learning the socio-humanities disciplines in the context of economic education. It is proved that it can become a way of measuring and evaluation of the efficiency of educational process, gathering practical information concerning improvement of the quality of learning. The monitoring helps to find defects and weak points in educational process. The theoretical fundamentals of the investigated problem give an opportunity to the authors to present their own interpretation of the monitoring of the quality of learning as permanent, systematic supervision, control and diagnostics of the quality of future specialists’ educational achievements. The analysis of pedagogical scientific studios gave an opportunity to define the following indexes of quality of learning: quality of educational process; a motivational sphere; creation of comfort educationally-emotional climate. The quality of educational process by means of the system of mutual visits of lessons of the social-humanities disciplines according to the detailed indicators of quality of learning has been analyzed. Special attention has been paid to the motivational sphere to the learning by the students of economic specialties as one of the main sphere that influences the quality of knowledge of future economic experts. The existence of emotionally favorable climate has been investigated at the lessons of the social-humanities disciplines. The author’s methodical recommendations for improvement defects according to the indicators of quality of learning have been offered. The research results show the urgent necessity to find the efficient ways of reorganization and updating the existing mechanism of evaluating the quality of learning the social-humanities disciplines by students of economic specialties. The efficiency of the received results is confirmed with the help of pedagogical experiment data.
Conflict of laws issues related to securities transactions
Authors: Vygovskyy Oleksandr
Published: June 2019

In this article we examine the conflict of laws issues of cross-border securities transactions. It deals with the problems of attributing lex situs to securities held under direct holding system and conflict of laws problems related to intermediated securities. We analyze possible variants of the conflict of laws rule for the securities and formulate our own attitude towards identification of the most efficient solutions of conflict of laws issues.
Umjetna inteligencija
Authors: Prister Vladimir
Published: June 2019

Prikazan je kratki povijesni uvod u sve četiri industrijske revolucije.
Autor prikazuje sedam segmenata 4. industrijske revolucije zbog njihove
važnosti. Rad opisuje neke vrlo važne aspekte umjetne inteligencije (UI) i njihov utjecaj. Navedeni primjeri složenog odnosa stroj – čovjek (IBM Deep Blue – Garry Kasparov i IBM Watson). Naglašena je važnost konferencije Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, 1956. Velike mogućnosti prikazane su i primjerom humanoidnog robota Atlas (Boston Dynamics – DARPA). Na kraju, daje se primjer Japana koji se bori za primat na ovom vrlo zanimljivom polju.
Behind the Lines: War Books of the Canadian Army Medical Corps, 1914 - 1918 (pp 233-260)
Authors: Hanna Martha
Published: June 2019

An analysis of published and unpublished materials generated by the Canadian Army Medical Corps during the First World War demonstrates that Canadian doctors and nurses serving in France created a narrative of the Great War that was more optimistic in its message than the canonical war books written in the 1920s and 1930s and more internationalist in orientation than the dominant narrative of the war created in Canada after the war.
Sharing road safety education and enforcement knowledge and practice throughout developing nations - challenges create opportunities!
Authors: Shuey Ray
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a practitioner’s perspective of implementing road safety strategies in low and middle-income countries. It identifies a gap in traffic law enforcement capability and describes professional development train the trainer programs to build capacity. The costs and benefits of road safety reform are raised in conjunction with the need to provide adequate funding to support the behavioural change of drivers. Understanding the challenges of piecemeal reform, policing capability, corruption and under-reporting of crashes provides opportunities to use this knowledge to impact behavioural change and road trauma reduction. The findings confirm education and enforcement as a successful methodology for reform as well as the need to create the perception of certainty of being caught and punished when breaking the law.
İstanbul'dan Paris'e İlk Talebe-i Osmaniyeden Edhem Efendi
Authors: EROL Salih
Published: June 2019

ÖZBu
makalede İstanbul’dan Paris’e öğrenim amacıyla gönderilen ilk küçük talebe
kafilesinin bir üyesi olan Edhem Efendi’nin eğitim hayatı incelenmiştir. Öncelikle,
bu kafileyi gönderen Osmanlı paşası Hüsrev Paşa kısaca tanıtılmıştır. Ardından,
talebelerin Paris’e gönderilmeden önceki kısa hayat hikâyelerine yer verilmiştir.
Giriş mahiyetindeki bu bilgilerin ardından esas konumuz olan Edhem Efendi’nin
öğrencilik sürecine odaklanılmıştır. Başta Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri olmak üzere
yerli ve yabancı kaynaklara dayanılarak hazırlanan bu makalede güdülen esas
amaç, Osmanlı modernleşmesinin eğitim alanındaki başlangıç aşamalarından
birisini bir nebze aydınlatmaktır.  Anahtar Sözcükler: Edhem Efendi, Talebe, Tahsil,
Paris, Modernleşme ABSTRACTİn
this article it is researched the educational life of Edhem Efendy. He is a
young member of a small group which sent from İstanbul to Paris for education.
Firstly, we introduced an Ottoman Pasha, Hüsrev Pasha, briefly. After that, we
gave place short life stories of students before they sent to Paris. Following
introductory informations, İt was focused on our main topic, the process
education of Edhem Efendy. Our study, which based on The Ottoman document,
domestic and foreign sources, we aims to enlightened one of the beginning
procces in The Ottoman educational modernization.    

 

Key
Words: Edhem
Efendy, Student, Education, Paris, Modernization
Harem-i Hümayun: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda Hükümranlık ve Kadınlar
Authors: TOPLUK Gökhan
Published: June 2019

Kitap Değerlendirmesi
Turbulent Kinetic Energy Distribution of Nutrient Solution Flow in NFT Hydroponic Systems Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Guzmán-Valdivia Cesar H. , Talavera-Otero Jorge , Désiga-Orenday Omar
Published: June 2019

Hydroponics is crucial for providing feasible and economical alternatives when soils are not available for conventional farming. Scholars have raised questions regarding the ideal nutrient solution flow rate to increase the weight and height of hydroponic crops. This paper presents the turbulent kinetic energy distribution of the nutrient solution flow in a nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Its main objective is to determine the dynamics of nutrient solution flow. To conduct this study, a virtual NFT hydroponic system was modeled. To determine the turbulent kinetic energy distribution in the virtual NFT hydroponic system, we conducted a CFD analysis with different pipe diameters (3.5, 9.5, and 15.5 mm) and flow rates (0.75, 1.5, 3, and 6 L min−1). The simulation results indicate that different pipe diameters and flow rates in NFT hydroponic systems vary the turbulent kinetic energy distribution of nutrient solution flow around plastic mesh pots.
Induction of Highly Dynamic Shock Waves in Machining Processes with Multiple Loads and Short Tool Impacts
Authors: Tausendfreund Andreas , Stöbener Dirk , Fischer Andreas
Published: June 2019

In order to study the mechanical loads of a workpiece in manufacturing processes such as single-tooth milling, in-process measurements of workpiece deformations are required. To enable the resolution of shock waves due to the mechanical impact of the tool, a novel measurement system based on speckle photography is introduced to measure the dynamic deformations and strains with a high temporal and spatial resolution. The measurement results indicate deformations and strains propagating through the workpiece with the speed of sound triggered by the tool impact (i.e., the tool impact is shown to induce shock waves during milling). Finite element simulations of the workpiece behavior are performed in addition, which support the experimental findings. In the considered case, the dynamic excitation subsides after 300 ms. Hence, in processes with even shorter cyclic multiple loads, the tool encounters an already excited initial state during machining, which needs to be taken into account when precisely modeling the milling process and the resulting workpiece quality. Finally, the measurement results demonstrate that speckle photography in combination with modern high-speed cameras and compact short-pulse lasers provides a deeper understanding of individual manufacturing processes.
Transition Rates for 3s3p2 4P–3s3p4s 4Po Transitions in Al i
Authors: Froese Fischer Charlotte , Babb James
Published: June 2019

Fully relativistic calculations have been performed for two multiplets, 3 s 3 p 2 4 P and 3 s 3 p 4 s 4 P o , in Al i. Wave functions were obtained for all levels of these multiplets using the grasp programs. Reported are the E1 transitions rates for all transitions between levels of these multiplets. Transition energies and transition rates are compared with observed values and other theory. Our calculated transition rates are smaller by about 10% than observed rates, reducing a large discrepancy between earlier calculations and experiments.
Design and Analysis of Flexible Multi-Microgrid Interconnection Scheme for Mitigating Power Fluctuation and Optimizing Storage Capacity
Authors: Zhou Jianqiao , Zhang Jianwen , Cai Xu , Shi Gang , Wang Jiacheng , Zang Jiajie
Published: June 2019

With the rapid increase of renewable energy integration, more serious power fluctuations are introduced in distribution systems. To mitigate power fluctuations caused by renewables, a microgrid with energy storage systems (ESSs) is an attractive solution. However, existing solutions are still not sufficiently cost-effective for compensating enormous power fluctuations considering the high unit cost of ESS. This paper proposes a new flexible multi-microgrid interconnection scheme to address this problem while optimizing the utilization of ESSs as well. The basic structure and functions of the proposed scheme are illustrated first. With the suitable power allocation method in place to realize fluctuation sharing among microgrids, the effectiveness of this scheme in power smoothing is analyzed mathematically. The corresponding power control strategies of multiple converters integrated into the DC common bus are designed, and the power fluctuation sharing could be achieved by all AC microgrids and DC-side ESS. In addition, a novel ESS sizing method which can deal with discrete data set is introduced. The proposed interconnection scheme is compared with a conventional independent microgrid scheme through real-world case studies. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the interconnected microgrid scheme in mitigating power fluctuation and optimizing storage capacity, while at the expense of slightly increased capacity requirement for the AC/DC converters and construction cost for DC lines. According to the economic analysis, the proposed scheme is most suitable for areas where the distances between microgrids are short.
Machine Learning Models Combined with Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking to Predict Human Topoisomerase I Inhibitors
Authors: Li Bingke , Kang Xiaokang , Zhao Dan , Zou Yurong , Huang Xudong , Wang Jiexue , Zhang Chenghua
Published: June 2019

In this work, random forest (RF), support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor and C4.5 decision tree, were used to establish classification models for predicting whether an unknown molecule is an inhibitor of human topoisomerase I (Top1) protein. All these models have achieved satisfactory results, with total prediction accuracies from 89.70% to 97.12%. Through comparative analysis, it can be found that the RF model has the best forecasting effect. The parameters were further optimized to generate the best-performing RF model. At the same time, features selection was implemented to choose properties most relevant to the inhibition of Top1 from 189 molecular descriptors through a special RF procedure. Subsequently, a ligand-based virtual screening was performed from the Maybridge database by the optimal RF model and 596 hits were picked out. Then, 67 molecules with relative probability scores over 0.7 were selected based on the screening results. Next, the 67 molecules above were docked to Top1 using AutoDock Vina. Finally, six top-ranked molecules with binding energies less than −10.0 kcal/mol were screened out and a common backbone, which is entirely different from that of existing Top1 inhibitors reported in the literature, was found.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a New Series of 1-Aryl-3-{4-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)thio]phenyl}urea Derivatives as Antiproliferative Agents
Authors: Zhang Chuanming , Tan Xiaoyu , Feng Jian , Ding Ning , Li Yongpeng , Jin Zhe , Meng Qingguo , Liu Xiaoping , Hu Chun
Published: June 2019

To discover new antiproliferative agents with high efficacy and selectivity, a new series of 1-aryl-3-{4-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)thio]phenyl}urea derivatives (7a–7t) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against A549, HCT-116 and PC-3 cancer cell lines in vitro. Most of the target compounds demonstrated significant antiproliferative effects on all the selective cancer cell lines. Among them, the target compound, 1-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-{4-{{[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}thio}phenyl}urea (7i) was identified to be the most active one against three cell lines, which was more potent than the positive control with an IC50 value of 1.53 ± 0.46, 1.11 ± 0.34 and 1.98 ± 1.27 μM, respectively. Further cellular mechanism studies confirmed that compound 7i could induce the apoptosis of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and elucidated compound 7i arrests cell cycle at G1 phase by flow cytometry analysis. Herein, the studies suggested that the 1-aryl-3-{4-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)thio]phenyl}urea skeleton might be regarded as new chemotypes for designing effective antiproliferative agents.
Capacitive Impedance Measurement: Dual-frequency Approach
Authors: Rêgo Segundo Alan Kardek , Silva Pinto Érica , Almeida Santos Gabriel , de Barros Monteiro Paulo Marcos
Published: June 2019

The most widely used technique for measuring capacitive impedances (or complex electrical permittivity) is to apply a frequency signal to the sensor and measure the amplitude and phase of the output signal. The technique, although efficient, involves high-speed circuits for phase measurement, especially when the medium under test has high conductivity. This paper presents a sensor to measure complex electrical permittivity based on an alternative approach to amplitude and phase measurement: The application of two distinct frequencies using a current-to-voltage converter circuit based in a transimpedance amplifier, and an 8-bit microcontroller. Since there is no need for phase measurement and the applied frequency is lower compared to the standard method, the circuit presents less complexity and cost than the traditional technique. The main advance presented in this work is the use of mathematical modeling of the frequency response of the circuit to make it possible for measuring the dielectric constant using a lower frequency than the higher cut-off frequency of the system, even when the medium under test has high conductivity (tested up to 1220 μS/cm). The proposed system caused a maximum error of 0.6% for the measurement of electrical conductivity and 2% for the relative dielectric constant, considering measurement ranges from 0 to 1220 μS/cm and from 1 to 80, respectively.
Study of Transfer Characteristics of a Molecular Electronic Sensor for Borehole Surveys at High Temperatures and Pressures
Authors: Evseev Ilya , Zaitsev Dmitry , Agafonov Vadim
Published: June 2019

The paper considers the development and experimental study of the characteristics of a high-temperature motion parameter sensor based on molecular-electronic technology (MET) operating at elevated pressures. Studies were conducted in an extended temperature range (25–125 °C) with a static external pressure of up to 10 atm. A pilot plant based on a high-pressure chamber with the ability to output an electrical signal was specially designed and commissioned. A family of amplitude-frequency characteristics of a ME sensor in an extended temperature range was obtained for the first time. A theoretical model was constructed and verified to describe the transfer function of the sensor at high temperatures and pressures. The activation energies of active carriers were calculated, and a prediction was made about the possibility of using the developed devices for the needs of the oil and gas mining industries.
Artemisinin-Based Antimalarial Drug Therapy: Molecular Pharmacology and Evolving Resistance
Authors: Heller Laura E. , Roepe Paul D.
Published: June 2019

The molecular pharmacology of artemisinin (ART)-based antimalarial drugs is incompletely understood. Clinically, these drugs are used in combination with longer lasting partner drugs in several different artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs). ACTs are currently the standard of care against Plasmodium falciparum malaria across much of the world. A harbinger of emerging artemisinin resistance (ARTR), known as the delayed clearance phenotype (DCP), has been well documented in South East Asia (SEA) and is beginning to affect the efficacy of some ACTs. Though several genetic mutations have been associated with ARTR/DCP, a molecular mechanism remains elusive. This paper summarizes our current understanding of ART molecular pharmacology and hypotheses for ARTR/DCP.
Le chapiteau de la Tentation du Christ à Plaimpied revisité
Authors: Stratford Neil
Published: June 2019

The Temptation of Christ at Plaimpied revisited

Since Paul Deschamps published the capital of the Temptation of Christ in 1932, the close stylistic relationship to the Nazareth capitals has been universally recognised. Here, the capital and other newly discovered fragments at Plaimpied (perhaps from the cloister ?) are examined in terms of the sequence of building of the abbey church ; a date in the second quarter or middle years of the twelfth century is proposed on the basis of a charter and surviving epitaphs. The sources of the sculptor’s style can be found in the Middle Rhône valley and a mutilated tympanum at Saint-Médard-en-Forez is added to his portofolio. An appendix presents a critique of the state of the question in relation to the famous capitals at Nazareth. A curious afterlife around the time of the appearence of Deschamps article is not without interest : it inspired three ivories and a bas-relief, all evidently fakes.
The Magnitude of Child Labour in Karnataka
Authors: Shivagami G , Rajendra Prasad T
Published: June 2019

In all societies irrespective of caste, race or area children occupied a very important position. A Child is the bud of future citizen of a country. Child labour is necessitated by economic compulsions of the parents and in many cases of the children. Widespread unemployment and underemployment among the adult poor are the main reason which has given rise to child labour. The major reason for hiring children viz., children’s are easier to manage because they are less aware of rights, less complaining, more trust worthy, less troublesome and no problems of unions. Helmer Folkas, the chairman of National Child Labour Committee defined child labour as “any work of children that interferes with full physical development of their opportunity for a desirable minimum of education.
A Study on the Impact of Electronic Media in Relation to Social Awareness among High School Students in Coimbatore District
Authors: Sangeetha N , Vanitha J
Published: June 2019

Electronic media has a powerful impact on everyone’s life today, particularly younger generation of students. They are addicted to electronic media especially the ‘monster’, Internet, mainly through mobile phones. They are totally immersed in the mobile phones being unaware of what is happening around them at that particular moment. Recently, we came across students who played deadly online games like ‘The Blue Whale Challenge’ and ‘Momo’ which ended in taking the life of students. This could have been avoided if the students had avoided the use of internet and if their parents were “media literate”. This was the background of this proposal. The students should spend more time on studies so that they can score good marks, improve their knowledge and understand about the society. The students should be aware of what is happening in and around the society they live in. This can be done by reading daily newspapers and most importantly electronic media like Television, Radio and internet connected mobile phones in a purposeful way. The social problems like honor killings, gender inequality, sanitation and cleanliness, pollution etc and their happenings are easily and quickly available to them. The students should use this opportunity and update themselves and analyze the good and bad effects of each. This proposal studies the impact of electronic media in relation to social awareness among high school students in Coimbatore District.
Career Ability Placement Survey for High School Students
Authors: Priyanga K , Nancy M
Published: June 2019

Background: A job is undertaken for a particular period of an individual’s life and with chances for progress. The constructive way to know about the individual’s inner strength. Career ability for high school students is essential to identify their capabilities in different career choices and choose the appropriate one, which helps in reaching great heights. Career ability placement survey helps in identifying the propensity of the students using seven different potentialities which would help in performing better based on their abilities, which would minimise the failures.Aim: The present study aimed is to find out career abilities among the high school students and plan for their future. Methods: Career ability placement survey was developed by Lila Knapp, Robert R Knapp, and Lisa Knapp –Lee. This questionnaire is used to assess the career abilities of individuals using seven different dimensions. The scale was administered to 55 high school students based on stratified random sampling. Results: No significant difference between the career abilities among males and females. Conclusion: Both males and females have the expertise in spatial relations were they can visualise in three dimensions and can perform well in jobs related in spatial intelligence, and both have the least capacity in language usage where they cannot deliver well in careers related to oral and written communication.
Diagnostics of school adaptation in children with special needs.
Authors: Lazarenko K. P., Chekhovskaya I.M. Zavgorodniy I.V.,
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the problem of school adaptation of elementary school pupils studying in specialized boarding schools for children with special needs and musculoskeletal disorders. The article studies special materials and methods for diagnosis of school desadaptation. The authors presented the findings of the research identifying the peculiarities of school desadaptation diagnosis.Key words: сhildren with special needs, school adaptation, specialized boarding school, elementary school children with musculoskeletal disorders. АнотаціяДіагностика шкільної адаптації дітей з особливими потребами. Завгородній І.В., Лазаренко К.П., Чеховська І.М.         У статті розглядаються проблеми шкільної дезадаптації дітей з патологією опорно-рухового апарату, що навчаються у спеціалізованому начальному закладі. Описані методики для визначення рівня шкільної адаптації першокласників. Надані результати проведених досліджень серед учнів першого класу спеціалізованого навчального закладу.Ключові слова: діти з особливими потребами, шкільна адаптація,спеціалізований навчальний заклад,першокласники,  захворювання опорно-рухового апарату. АннотацияЗавгородний И.В., Лазаренко К.П., Чеховская И.М.Диагностика школьной адаптации у детей с особыми потребностями. В статье рассматриваются проблемы школьной дезадаптации детей с патологией опорно-двигательного аппарата, обучающихся в специализированном учебном заведении. Описанны методики для определения уровня школьной адаптации первоклассников. Представлены результаты проведенных исследований среди учащихся первого класса специализированного учебного заведения.Ключевые слова: дети с особыми потребностями, школьная адаптация, специализированное учебное заведение, первоклассники, заболевания опорно-двигательного аппарата.
LEGAL REGULATION OF MEDICAL ACTIVITY IN RUSSIAN EMPIRE BY MEDICAL CHARTER
Authors: Novikov Denis
Published: June 2019

Novikov D.O.The article is devoted to the study of legal regulation of county physicians’ work in zemstvo medicine. The author determined that the Medical Charter, adopted in 1905, was the first legislative framework regulating medical activities, training, salaries, labour discipline and material responsibility of physicians.Key Words:         zemstvo medicine, medical activity, physicians, the Medical Charter, legal regulation, duties. ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В РОСІЙСЬКІЙ ІМПЕРІЇ ЗА ЛІКАРСЬКИМ СТАТУТОМНовіков Д.O.Стаття присвячена дослідженню правового регулювання праці повітових лікарів в земській медицині. Автор визначив, що прийнята в 1905 році Медична хартія була першою законодавчою базою, яка регулює медичну діяльність, підготовку, зарплату, трудову дисципліну і матеріальну відповідальність лікарів.Ключові слова: земська медицина, медична діяльність, лікарі, Медична хартія, правове регулювання, обов'язки. ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ ПО ВРАЧЕБНОМУ УСТАВУНовиков Д.А.Статья посвящена исследованию правового регулирования труда уездных врачей в земской медицине. Автор определил, что принятая в 1905 году Медицинская хартия была первой законодательной базой, регулирующей медицинскую деятельность, подготовку, зарплату, трудовую дисциплину и материальную ответственность врачей.Ключевые слова: земская медицина, медицинская деятельность, врачи, Медицинская хартия, правовое регулирование, обязанности.
Wargaming the cyber resilience of structurally and technologically different networks
Authors: Lantto Heikki , Åkesson Bernt , Suojanen Marko , Tuukkanen Topi , Huopio Simo , Nikkarila Juha-Pekka , Ristolainen Mari
Published: June 2019

Based on a review of different analytical frameworks, it is suggested to run a table top cyber wargame when trying to analyse the effects of closed national networks being imposed in the near future. The scope of the wargame is to extract results to show how the resilience
of an open national network differs from a closed national network. It is self-evident that the formation process of resilience is different between the diverse systems. The proposed wargame is a two-sided cyber table top wargame. The wargame is based on at least two
blue teams, at least one red team and a control team (namely a white team). One blue team is located in the closed national networks and its system relies on closed national network infrastructure. The other blue team operates its system within open network society. By
designing, constructing and executing the proposed cyber wargame we argue it is possible to find these diff erences and similarities as well. Current research improves cyber situation awareness and proposes a direction to be followed when trying to understand the changing
circumstances of the cyber space. It also suggests how the research resources could be directed when trying to improve the situation awareness of the closing process.
Concerns on the issue of defence expenditure in the post-crisis Greece
Authors: Katsaitis Odysseus , Kondylis Konstantine , A. Zombanakis George
Published: June 2019

The paper aims to tackle a controversial issue, namely the anticipated developments regarding defence expenditure once the Greek economy returns to growth. Such a comeback is expected to occur following a prolonged recessionary period during which defence spending cuts were a top priority, as recommended by the IMF, the ECB and the EC, members of the so-called “Troika”. The paper uses both conventional econometrics as well as neural networks to consider and evaluate the hierarchy’s ordering of the determinants used in such a demand for defence expenditure based on their explanatory power. While the role of property resources is certainly pronounced, as expected, human resources variables also seem to be able to explain defence spending developments, especially in the recent past. A forecasting investigation based on this background points to a number of interesting conclusions on the anticipated developments concerning defence spending in the future as well as on the determinants of such developments which might represent a threat to NATO cohesion.
“Autonomisation” of security and defence systems
Authors: Kuptel Artur
Published: June 2019

Development of systems with an evolving level of autonomy is among the most controversial
and yet promising aspects of military forces’ modernisation. The application of quasi-
artificial intelligence in combat machines opens a new uncharted area of possibilities.
In essence, these modifications aim to reduce the extent of human interference in the
functioning of unmanned systems virtually to none. The potential risks are explored in
dangerous scenarios, which consider that apart from offering far-reaching advantages of
using platforms with autonomic capabilities, they can be used against humanity. These
scenarios assume a pivotal role in forecasting possible directions for development of the
armed forces. This paper attempts to determine the essence of combat systems autonomy
while focusing on a few of the most sensitive issues. For a transparent and credible debate on
combat systems autonomy, it is adviseable that no ambiguity is present in terminological,
ethical, legal and technological complexities, whose misinterpretation may become a source
of unnecessary understatements or even lead to distortion of the debate.
Chemical weapons as potential tools in terrorist attacks – risks and preventive action
Authors: Czop Andrzej
Published: June 2019

This publication looks at shopping malls as a specific category of public facilities. It includes
a diagnosis of their safety, pointing to specific irregularities and negligence that threaten
them with exposure to possible terrorist attacks. The current international situation is
examined, including the crisis that arose as a result of uncontrolled mass migration, which
implied an increased threat from Islamic terrorism, which Europe has not yet learned to
effectively respond to. A particularly dangerous instrument that can be used by modern
terrorists is the chemical weapon. We give examples of its use in acts of terror. The research
indicates that a high level of security for public facilities such as large commercial outlets,
which accumulate a large number of customers in their premises, is a very important issue.
The use of chemical weapons in shopping malls could lead to significant loss of civilian life,
as civilians would be a defenceless target. The research process carried out by the author
finally drew the conclusion that the current level of security for large-format retail centres
does not provide optimal protection in the event of a chemical weapon attack. Therefore,
implementing the articles recommendations should positively affect the diagnosed situation
and have a significant impact on the improvement of the safety standards in public buildings
such as shopping malls.
European Union common security and defence policy and Latvian involvement in EU battlegroups
Authors: Bodnieks Valerijs
Published: June 2019

In this article, the author analyses types of Europeanisation: top-down, bottom-up,
horizontal, circular, and looks at Latvian involvement in the EU CSDP capability project
- EU Battlegroups. Additionally, the author analyses the EU CSDP strategies in 2003 and
2016 with emphasis on key threats and key directions of action for the security of the EU. If
it is necessary, EU Battlegroups can become involved to secure the EU. In the article, the
author examines Latvian involvement in EU Battlegroups and changes in political planning
documents and legal acts regarding EU Battlegroups. The author shows that for the future,
it is necessary to involve an EU Battlegroup in real action in the area of operations, and
that it is necessary to initiate discussions on a possible review and evaluation of the format
of the EU Battlegroup.
Military capabilities and the strategic planning conundrum
Authors: Correia João
Published: June 2019

This paper aims to question the military capability concept, as a core element of the strategic military planning process, in order to determine its validity or need for expansion. Thus, based on a deductive approach and qualitative research, we argue that the strategic planning process is a conundrum so dependent on capabilities that it is necessary to analyse this concept per se and, if necessary, expand it on a time and threat basis. Otherwise, the more ambiguous the concept, the more subjective the planning process output and, consequently, the greater likelihood of the Armed Forces not being prepared to face the wide range of future challenges. It concludes by suggesting that the military capability concept should be expanded and more integrated and the strategic defence planning process adapted accordingly.
The use of weaponized kites and balloons in the Israeli – Palestinian conflict
Authors: Zych Joanna
Published: June 2019

Objectives

The aim of this paper is to analyse the use of weaponised incendiary kites and helium balloons in the Israeli-Palestinian hostilities between March and December 2018. The paper argues that arson started with incendiary kites and balloons can easily be exploited for terrorist purposes and poses a serious challenge for regular armed forces and for civilian emergency services.

Methods

The paper examines the Palestinian ‘Great March of Return’ as a background for the development of a new Hamas’ tactic and briefly describes the chronology of arson terrorism in the context of other hostilities at the Gaza-Israeli border. The study focuses on the two following questions: why are the kites and balloons useful for the current goals of Hamas and how do the Israelis respond to this new threat? The study uses comparative scientific literature and document analysis, the analysis of statements released by the Israeli authorities and the Israeli media reports related to the arson attacks.

Results

The main findings include the role of simple, non-lethal weapons in spreading fear for terrorist purposes and the advantages of turning everyday-use materials into weapons in a situation where there is limited access to regular arms. The second part of the study deals with the effects of arson attacks on the Israeli side of the conflict and the countermeasures undertaken in the Gaza Periphery. The author concludes that airborne arson attacks pose a serious threat to advanced Israeli defence systems, solely because of their primitive and unpredictable character.

Conclusions

The overall findings of this paper present the threat of arson terrorism in the context of an asymmetric conflict.
The royal military college of Canada: Responding to the call for change
Authors: Kowal Harry J.
Published: June 2019

The Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) has a very proud history of producing quality
officers for over 140 years, delivering excellence in education, research and military training
that is responsive to the needs of Canada, the Defence community and the ever-changing
global security environment. RMC is unique as it is a military unit that is also a recognized
university. The primary mission of RMC is to support the Regular Officer Training Plan
(ROTP) by educating, developing and inspiring bilingual and fit, ethical leaders to serve the
Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) and Canada with distinction. Since RMC opened its doors in 1876 to the fi rst 18 cadets, there have been a number of studies that have examined the RMC program and that have been the catalyst for positive
change. T ese pivotal moments in history have been indispensable for RMC to remain
relevant and continually improve. Of late, there has been a significant amount of attention
placed on RMC again, defi ning another pivotal moment in RMC’s history that has become
the catalyst for change once again. In October 2016, the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS),
General Jonathan Vance, initiated a Special Staff Assistance Visit (SSAV) to ensure the
high standards expected of RMC are upheld and the Auditor General (AG) of Canada,
Mr. Michael Ferguson, completed an audit of the ROTP at RMC, the results of which were
presented to Parliament in November 2017. Many changes are already in place, but there is more work to do. With a look at governance,
the four-pillar program and the call for change, this paper outlines what steps RMC has
and will be taken to posture this ‘university with a difference’ for success for years to come.