bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gobernando las mentes: Sobre las dimensiones subjetivas de la precarización laboral
Authors: Casas González Beatriz
Published: June 2017

A partir del conflicto generacional entre trabajadores/as de las empresas recuperadas en la Argentina a raíz de la crisis económica de 2001, este trabajo investiga los límites y posibilidades de la movilización obrera en el contexto de la precariedad laboral. Para ello analiza la precarización laboral atendiendo a tres niveles - programático, institucional y subjetivo –y a las interrelaciones entre ellos. Concluye que de este entramado resultan tecnologías de (auto)gobierno que naturalizan y legitiman la precarización progresiva de las relaciones laborales, actuando como herramientas de control social subjetivo y objetivo de los/as trabajadores/as que son vitales para la reproducción del actual modelo de acumulación capitalista. Tales instrumentos de poder limitan por tanto la capacidad de articular luchas opositorias por parte de los/as trabajadores/as, pero sin anularla completamente; el análisis crítico de estas estrategias de (auto)gobierno supone un primer paso fundamental para su oposición y la organización de formas alternativas de relaciones laborales y sociales emancipadoras que respondan al complejo panorama laboral de nuestros días.
Cohabitar la diferencia: de la reforma psiquiátrica a la salud mental colectica.
Authors: Vicente Mochales Maria Concepción
Published: June 2017

Análisis de las prácticas piquaitricas en Madrid desde la reforma hasta la actualidad
Novela e historias de vida
Authors: Roldán García Elena
Published: June 2017

Reseña
CLASSE DE LETRAS - SESSÃO DE 21 DE JULHO DE 2011. Da economia política cristã à ciência social católica − elementos para uma história do pensamento económico católico (1832-1959)
Authors: Almodovar António
Published: June 2017

El pensamiento económico católico está prácticamente ausente de las historias contemporáneas del pensamiento económico. Aquí se presenta una visión global que muestra que estos autores comparten una orientación común y que, en última instancia, pertenecen a la misma escuela -la escuela católica- del pensamiento económico.
Reseña/Review (D'Alisa, G., Demaria, F., Kallis, G. (eds.), "Degrowth: a vocabulary for a new era". Milton Park: Routledge, ISBN: 978-1-138-00077-3 (pbk), 215 págs., 2014)
Authors: Prádanos Luis I.
Published: June 2017

Reseña/Review (D'Alisa, G., Demaria, F., Kallis, G. (eds.), "Degrowth: a vocabulary for a new era". Milton Park: Routledge, ISBN: 978-1-138-00077-3 (pbk), 215 págs., 2014)
Reseña/Review (Macías Vázquez, A., "El colapso del capitalismo tecnológico". Madrid: Escolar y Mayo, ISBN 9788416020799, 232 págs., 2017)
Authors: Calderón Gómez Daniel
Published: June 2017

Reseña/Review (Macías Vázquez, A., "El colapso del capitalismo tecnológico". Madrid: Escolar y Mayo, ISBN 9788416020799, 232 págs., 2017)
Assessment of Salix spp. pollen availability to insects based on aerobiological investigations
Authors: Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Piotrowska-Weryszko Krystyna , Sulborska Aneta , Żuraw Beata , Dmitruk Marta , Stępniewski Krzysztof , Pogorzelec Magdalena , Voloshchuk Kateryna
Published: June 2017

Pollen and nectar produced by flowers of species from the genus Salix are an important source of food for various insect groups in early spring. Most willows are entomophilous species; however, substantial amounts of airborne Salix pollen can be noted. The aim of the study was to evaluate the content of pollen of this taxon in the air of Lublin (central-east Poland) in 2001–2016 and to identify the period of its greatest availability to insects. In 2015, we compared the course of the Salix pollen season in Lublin (51°14'37" N; 22°32'25" E) and in the Roztoczański National Park (50°34'57" N; 23°04'24" E), Poland. We found that the date of the pollen season onset fluctuated greatly between March 16 and April 17. The greatest availability of Salix pollen to insects was noted from the end of the first 10-day-period of April to the first 10-day-period of May. The mean annual sum of airborne Salix pollen grains was 833. In Lublin, Salix pollen accounted for ca. 1.25% of the total airborne pollen content of different plant taxa. The investigations have demonstrated a 2-year cycle of Salix pollen abundance. The comparison of the pollen seasons in Lublin and in the Roztoczański National Park indicates that considerably greater amounts of pollen occur in the urban area than in the air of the Roztoczański National Park.
Export credit
Authors: Skully David
Published: June 2017

Export credit in the context of globalization usually refers to credit or insurance provided by government‐supported export credit agencies (ECAs) to facilitate exports (e.g., EXIM Brazil, Euler Hermes Kreditversicherungs‐AG (Germany), EXIMBANK (United States) ). Officially supported export credit usually accounts for about 10 percent of the value of global trade; roughly 80 percent of global trade is financed by private banks and insurers; another 10 percent occurs between segments of transnational firms – where there is no change of ownership – or in long‐standing relationships where payment is certain and external credit is not needed. Because officially supported export credit is an instrument of government foreign and commercial policy, ECA's are subject to domestic politics and are often the source of trade disputes with rival exporting countries and their ECAs.
Female genital mutilation
Authors: Lee Susan Hagood
Published: June 2017

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the ancient cultural practice of removing portions of a girl's genitalia. It occurs extensively in Africa on girls from infancy to puberty with significant negative medical consequences. The custom is known as female circumcision in English‐speaking areas of Africa and excision in French‐speaking areas. In Arabic, the language of many proponents of female circumcision, the practice is known as
tahara
, cleanliness or purification.
World heritage
Authors: Elliott Michael A. , Schmutz Vaughn
Published: June 2017

World heritage represents a vast array of societal achievements and natural wonders that are considered to have exceptional value for humanity as a whole and, therefore, to be worthy of official recognition, protection, and preservation. The development of world heritage is linked to cross‐national efforts to protect the heritage or cultural property of national societies that emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century and found sustained momentum in the League of Nations system after World War I. The articulation of a
world
heritage, however, took shape primarily under the auspices of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) after World War II. Since the late 1970s a rapidly growing list of official World Heritage sites has been formalized and managed by UNESCO, in cooperation with other international organizations and states parties to the World Heritage Convention of 1972. Recent assessments of the World Heritage List have sought to broaden the diversity of inscribed sites and encourage greater representation from developing countries.
C
onchobar
mac N
essa
Authors: Findon Joanne
Published: June 2017

Conchobar mac Nessa is a character who appears in a number of Ulster Cycle tales. He was clearly an important figure in the tradition since the stories about him span his entire career, from his conception and birth to his involvement in the great conflict of the
Táin Bó Cuailnge
to his death.
Libelle ofEnglyshePolycye, The
Authors: Lexton Ruth
Published: June 2017

The Libelle of Englyshe Polycyeis an anonymous political poem written in the fifteenth century when the Burgundian alliance with France damaged trading relations between England and Flanders. Standing against the English foreign policy of the 1430s, the poem argues for expansionism in trade based on English naval power. The poem is valuable for its literary merit, political insight, and the evidence it offers for manuscript studies. The recopying of the poem in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries indicates that its ideas remained important and relevant beyond its immediate political moment. It was included by Richard Hakluyt in hisPrinciple Navigations, first printed in 1589.
Rauf Coilȝear
Authors: Crofts Thomas H.
Published: June 2017

Rauf Coilȝear
, an alliterative poem of late fifteenth‐century Scotland, concerns an irascible charcoal‐seller who lodges Emperor Charlemagne during a storm. Unaware of his guest's identity, and interpreting Charlemagne's courtly manners as an unmannerly challenge to his own domestic authority, Rauf angrily pushes and boxes the king, who nevertheless keeps his identity secret. There follows a lively comedy of manners in which Rauf, invited to sell his coal in Paris, receives – to his astonishment – a knighthood. Charlemagne has recognized his guileless integrity and unfeigned, if rough, courtesy. The anonymous poet's technical skill and uncommon degree of social insight make
Rauf
, as recent critics agree, one of the great achievements of medieval Anglo‐Scots poetry, and of the alliterative revival generally.
W
ulfstan
II
of
Y
ork, The Homilist
Authors: Wilcox Jonathan
Published: June 2017

Wulfstan, bishop of London (996–1002), bishop of Worcester (1002–16), and archbishop of York (1002–23), wrote an extensive body of homilies or sermons, along with the late law‐codes of King Æthelred and all the major law‐codes of King Cnut, and an important vernacular treatise of estates' literature,
The Institutes of Polity
. Wulfstan inveighed against the sins of his time, addressing what he saw as the approaching apocalypse and the consequent need to reform by restating Christian verities and moral imperatives in a sonorous and memorable prose style. His most famous homily, the
Sermo Lupi ad Anglos
, preserves a jeremiad against English sins at the time of Viking incursions. From the mid‐990s until his death in 1023, Wulfstan provided a major homiletic voice from Anglo‐Saxon England.
Scots
Authors: McClure J. Derrick
Published: June 2017

Scots, descended from the Northumbrian dialect of Old English, became the language of court and government in Scotland during the Stewart period (1371–1603). Though not at first recognized as a distinct language from metropolitan English, it came to be so regarded in the course of this period, as a result of both the increasing linguistic divergence between the two forms and the imposing achievements in Scots poetry and prose. With the introduction of printing, however, the written language was gradually assimilated to metropolitan English norms, and the loss of a royal court in 1603 deprived the kingdom of a focus of literary activity. Despite those setbacks, Scots has remained alive as both a spoken and a literary language, and in the modern period more enlightened attitudes to it in the educational field may contribute to its preservation.
Orality
Authors: Reichl Karl
Published: June 2017

As the skills of reading and writing were limited to a minority in medieval Britain, orality played an important role in the production, transmission, and reception of verbal art. With the growth of literacy oral poetry became more and more marginalized, but even at the beginning of the modern period public reading was still a widespread practice. For the study of medieval orality the interconnections between orality and literacy are of special importance as an oral milieu can only be reconstructed via the texts that have been preserved. Problems discussed in orality studies focus on the bards and professional entertainers (their mode and manner of performance, their repertoire, and the question of memorization vs. composition in performance), on the various approaches to the analysis of oral poetry, especially of epic and romance (oral‐formulaic theory), and on the aesthetic implications of oral poetry as opposed to written literature.
Tournament of Tottenham, The
Authors: Zaerr Linda Marie
Published: June 2017

The fifteenth‐century
Tournament of Tottenham
is a burlesque in which rough peasants enact a mock tournament. This Middle English poem is thought to have circulated in a middle‐class milieu, and the parody may mock both crude peasants and court conventions represented in the romance genre. The tone is warmly affectionate. Manuscript evidence suggests the poem was performed from memory on occasion, and a payment record documents a dramatic performance, illustrating the flexibility of medieval texts in an entertainment context. The complicated nine‐line stanza is ornamented with alliteration, linking the text with the northern romance tradition.
C
harles
d
'Orléans
Authors: Robinson Olivia
Published: June 2017

This entry discusses the life and work of Charles d'Orléans (1394–1465), paying particular attention to his imprisonment in England post‐Agincourt (1415–40), critical approaches to the poetry he composed in English and French during his captivity, his multilingualism, and approaches to the poetry he and his contemporaries composed post‐1440 at Blois. The entry focuses particularly on Charles's use of first‐person voice and metaphor to explore thought processes and emotions, and the intensely collaborative nature of the sequences of poems which he and his contemporaries copied into his so‐called “personal manuscript,” Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, fr. 25458.
Dream of the Rood, The
Authors: Hurley Mary Kate
Published: June 2017

The Old English
Dream of the Rood
is a 156‐line alliterative poem that appears in the Vercelli Book of Old English poetry and prose. The poem chronicles “the best of dreams,” a vision of a speaking cross that tells the story of the Crucifixion. The Cross ends by exhorting his listener to change his life, bringing the good news of salvation to other men.
St. C
uthbert
G
ospels
Authors: Paz James
Published: June 2017

The St. Cuthbert Gospels (formerly known as the Stonyhurst Gospel) was made in Northumbria in the late seventh century and is intimately associated with St. Cuthbert, one of England's most famous medieval saints. This tiny, pocket‐sized copy of St. John's Gospel may have been placed in Cuthbert's coffin as a gift or as a protective amulet when the coffin was originally translated to the high altar at Lindisfarne in 698. The text of the St. Cuthbert Gospels is written in Latin and its script is a beautifully small and elegant uncial associated with the scriptoria of Monkwearmouth‐Jarrow. But the binding is the most remarkable feature of this book. It is by far the earliest European decorated bookbinding to have survived, making this one of the world's most significant extant books.
C
unedda ab Edern
Authors: Jankulak Karen
Published: June 2017

Cunedda is a legendary ancestor who is mentioned in
Historia Brittonum
and in medieval Welsh genealogies. His significance lies in the challenge he presents to historians to assess the nature of the genre of pseudo‐history as well as its relation to historical truth in a period that is otherwise undocumented.
Elegy
Authors: Barootes B.S.W.
Published: June 2017

Elegiac poetry appears under many different guises in medieval Britain. Old English elegies represent a melding of heroic‐pagan and Christian traditions. Early Welsh elegiac poetry likewise laments valorous chieftains and warriors. Latin, French, and Middle English elegies celebrated rulers and nobles but also young children and deceased poets. Elegiac poetry is often the site of reflection on the transience of the world, the unreliability of language, and the incapacity of words to create sufficient consolation.
M
unster
Authors: Duffy Seán
Published: June 2017

Ireland's most southerly province, Munster's early Eóganacht kings tended not to dominate Ireland until superseded by Brian Boru's dynasty in the tenth century, but the descendants of both,
MacCarthys
and O'Briens respectively, lost most of their power and lands following the Anglo‐Norman invasion of 1169, after which Munster was dominated by resident English magnates.
KingsCycle
Authors: Whelan Caoimhe
Published: June 2017

The Kings Cycle is a category of literature in the Irish language which is comprised of a wide range of works in both prose and poetry which share a focus on the exploits of the historical and mythical kings of Ireland. The works (approximately 140 in number) vary in date; works in this cycle were written in Old, Middle, and Early Modern Irish, and their stories are set at various points between the fifth and the eleventh centuryCE. The narratives focus primarily on prominent rather than lesser kings, and there are numerous dynastic story‐cycles within the wider Kings Cycle grouping. The works frequently display a mix of myth and history, and historical and unhistorical figures appear alongside each other. The composite nature of this cycle presents various types of story, including: origin‐legends, pseudo‐historical works, legal narratives, and adventure stories.
Æthelweard
Authors: Tedford Margaret
Published: June 2017

Æthelweard was a tenth‐century English ealdorman in the court of Æthelred “the Unready.” The dates of his birth and death are uncertain but are estimated around his appearances as a charter witness. He was involved in negotiations with the Viking leader Olaf Tryggvason in 994
CE
and was an advocate of Benedictine monasticism. He was the author of the Latin
Chronicon
, a translation of the Anglo‐Saxon Chronicle, and was a literary patron of Ælfric of Eynsham.
C
lanvowe,
J
ohn
Authors: Rouse Robert
Published: June 2017

Sir John Clanvowe (1341–91) was a Welsh knight, poet, and courtier. Along with figures such as Scogan, Bukton, Vache, Gower, and Strode, Clanvowe was a member of what might be described as Chaucer's circle of literary and social contemporaries. Clanvowe is remembered chiefly as a legal witness, as the first self‐consciously “Chaucerian” poet following his stylistic model, and for his curious and enigmatic tombstone.
Fantosme,Jordan
Authors: Rector Geoff
Published: June 2017

Jordan Fantosme'sChronicle(1175–76) retells the events of the rebellion against Henry II in 1173–74, recasting its baronial combatants in the image of the heroes of thechanson de geste. Jordan himself is representative of a class of men who employed an education acquired in the new schools of northern France in the curial bureaucracies of royal and episcopal administration in England. The text presents problems concerning its audience and the communities around which it arouses praise and blame.
Hockey Analytics
Authors: Swartz Tim B.
Published: June 2017

This article provides a review of some of the key research topics in hockey analytics.
Big Data in Biosciences
Authors: Dean C. B. , Bull Shelley B. , Nadeem Khurram , Wolters Mark A.
Published: June 2017

We are in an information era when data are generated in masses: from devices that stream data in a health context, such as wearable fitness devices, to genomics data, to health exposure data from a variety of monitors that may be misaligned, and to earth observation data from satellites. The Big Data era in which we live is viewed as having the power to revolutionize society. The term big data has different meanings to different sectors: for engineers, for example, this term encompasses methods and tools for transmission of data faster, including wireless transmissions; for sociologists, it encompasses curation methods and techniques; for computer scientists, the term encompasses information management and security systems and analytics; and for statisticians, the term principally refers to data analytical techniques. This entry discusses challenges and opportunities in big data in biosciences exemplified through three important big data areas from health, environmental studies, and earth observation: human population genomics, forest fire analytics, and smoke estimation from satellite imagery.
Light Regulation and Biological Clocks
Authors: Whitelam Garry C. , Millar Andrew J.
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Photoreceptor Properties

Photoreceptor Functions

Interactions and Redundancy among Photoreceptors

Photoreceptor Signal Transduction

Plant Growth Regulators and Light Signalling

Circadian Rhythms inArabidopsis

Circadian Gating

The Circadian Oscillator

Light Input to the Circadian Oscillator

Conclusions
Modes of Action of Defensive Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Wink Michael , Schimmer Oskar
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Interference of Secondary Metabolites with Neuronal Signalling

Interference of Secondary Metabolites withDNAand Related Targets

Interference with Molecular Targets Other than those Related to Neurotransmission orDNA

Accumulation of Allelochemicals in Plants

Animal Responses: Detoxification Mechanisms and Adaptations

Concluding Remarks
Fungal Pathogenicity—Establishing Infection
Authors: Balhadère Pascale V. , Talbot Nicholas J.
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

The Rice Blast Fungus,Magnaporthe Grisea

The Onset of Infection: Infection Court Preparation and Appressorium Differentiation

Appressorium‐Mediated Plant Infection

The Plant Response to Infection: Resistance and Susceptibility

Signal Transduction Pathways Mediating Plant Infection

Future Exploration of Signalling Mechanisms inM. Grisea

Conclusions
Viral Pathogenicity
Authors: Nettleship Sarah , Foster Gary D.
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Viral Gene Functions (then, now and in the future)

Virus‐Host Interactions

Virus Interactions with Resistance Genes

Conclusions

Acknowledgements
Resistance Genes and Resistance Protein Function
Authors: Jones David A.
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

TheTIRDomain

Do theNBS‐LRRPlant Resistance Proteins Lacking an N‐TerminalTIRDomain Form a Distinct Group of Related Proteins?

TheNBSDomain is a Regulatory Motif Shared by Resistance Proteins in Plants, Apoptotic Proteins in Animals and Pleiotropic Regulatory Proteins in Gram‐Positive Bacteria

NBS‐LRRProteins are Involved in Human Innate Immunity

Do theLRRDomains Perform More than One Function in Resistance Signalling?

Relationship with Membranes

Direct or Indirect Interaction with Avr Gene Products

The Relationship between the Hypersensitive Response and Induction ofPRProteins in Plant Disease Resistance may Parallel that of Cell Death and Innate Immunity in Animals

Conclusion

Acknowledgements
The Yeast Vacuole: A Paradigm for Plant Cell Biologists?
Authors: Noda Takeshi , Ohsumi Yoshinori , Klionsky Daniel J.
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Vacuolar Functions

Complex Routes to the Vacuole

Vacuolar Inheritance

Conclusion and Future Perspective
Contractile Vacuoles
Authors: Luykx Peter
Published: June 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

The Contractile Vacuole Complex and theCVCycle: An Overview

Biochemistry

Osmosensing and Signal Transduction

Water Transport

Membrane Fusion and Recycling

‘Contraction’

Acknowledgments
3D Near‐Field Electrospinning of Biomaterial Microfibers with Potential for Blended Microfiber‐Cell‐Loaded Gel Composite Structures
Authors: Fattahi Pouria , Dover Jordan T. , Brown Justin L.
Published: June 2017

This paper describes the development of a novel low‐cost and efficient method, 3D near‐field electrospinning, to fabricate high‐resolution, and repeatable 3D polymeric fiber patterns on nonconductive materials with potential use in tissue engineering. This technology is based on readily available hobbyist grade 3D printers. The result is exquisite control of the deposition of single fibers in an automated manner. Additionally, the fabrication of various fiber patterns, which are subsequently translated to unique cellular patterns, is demonstrated. Finally, poly(methyl methacrylate) fibers are printed within 3D collagen gels loaded with cells to introduce anisotropic properties of polymeric fibers within the cell‐loaded gels.
Fully Solution‐Processed Transparent Nonvolatile and Volatile Multifunctional Memory Devices from Conductive Polymer and Graphene Oxide
Authors: Shi Rui , Wang Xiangjing , Wang Zhan , Cao Lijun , Song Mengya , Huang Xiao , Liu Juqing , Huang Wei
Published: June 2017

A transparent multifunctional memory array with the configuration of m‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS)/graphene oxide (GO)/m‐PEDOT:PSS is fabricated through a full‐solution process. Dimethyl sulfoxide‐doped PEDOT:PSS thin films as the top and bottom electrodes are facilely prepared by spray coating, and a GO film as the active medium layer is obtained by spin coating. The thus‐fabricated device exhibits nonvolatile and volatile multifunctional memory effects, with an ON/OFF current ratio of 104 and 102 for the nonvolatile and volatile modes, respectively. Both the ON and OFF states are stable under the retention test in the nonvolatile memory mode, as well as during the endurance test in the volatile memory mode, demonstrating advantageous features of stable operation, permanent lifetime, excellent reproducibility, and reliable switching endurance. Moreover, the devices also show a 70% transmission of visible light. Their high transparency, combined with the multifunctional property and simple device configuration, makes these devices promising carbon‐based building blocks in a variety of electronic systems such as transparent electronics, electronic labels, radio frequency identification, internal memory, and databases. Most importantly, the simple full‐solution fabrication process is anticipated to potentially afford industrial‐scale low‐cost fabrication of future electronic devices.
Assessment of kinetics of photoinduced Fe‐based atom transfer radical polymerization under conditions using modeling approach
Authors: Zhou Yin‐Ning , Luo Zheng‐Hong
Published: June 2017

Kinetic insight into photoinduced Fe‐based atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) involving monomer‐mediated photoreduction was performed by modeling approach for the first time. Preliminary numerical analysis of number‐average molar mass (Mn) derivation in this specific system was given. Simulation results provided a full picture of reactant concentration and reaction rate throughout the entire polymerization. Methyl 2,3‐dibromoisobutyrate (MibBr2) generated from methyl methacrylate (MMA)‐mediated photoreduction as the leading factor for the deviation of Mn from theoretical value was confirmed by reaction contributions in α‐bromophenylacetate (EBPA) containing system. Reasonable predictions were made with respect to the polymerizations under a variety of initial conditions. Results show that increasing light intensity will shorten transition period and increase steady state polymerization rate; decreasing catalyst loading will cause the decrease in polymerization rate and Mn deviation; varying initiation activity will slightly increase the time to attain steady state of dispersity (Mw/Mn) evolution and enormously change the fraction of reaction contributions; increasing targeted chain length will extend transition period, decrease steady state polymerization rate, increase Mn deviation degree with same reaction contributions, and decrease the time to attain the steady state of Mw/Mn. The numerical analysis presented in this work clearly demonstrates the unique ability of our modeling approach in describing the kinetics of photoinduced Fe‐based ATRP of MMA. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2017
A Direct Synthesis of Highly Substituted π‐Rich Aromatic Heterocycles from Oxetanes
Authors: White Alexander R. , Kozlowski Ryan A. , Tsai Shiou‐Chuan , Vanderwal Christopher D.
Published: June 2017

The ubiquitous use of π‐rich five‐membered heterocycles has driven the development of new methods for their synthesis for more than a century. Here, we disclose a general and reliable reaction manifold for the construction of highly substituted heterocycles through a facile Lewis‐acid‐catalyzed oxetane rearrangement. Notably, this methodology employs a keto‐oxetane motif as a 1,4‐dicarbonyl surrogate, which can be synthesized using robust alkylation or alkenylation reactions, and thus obviates the need to access 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds via umpoled starting materials. We harnessed this reactivity to generate a broad range of substituted furans and pyrroles, and extended this methodology to produce benzo‐fused versions thereof.
Silica Scaffold with Shifted “Plumber's Nightmare” Networks and their Interconversion into Diamond Networks
Authors: Mao Wenting , Cao Xin , Sheng Qingqing , Han Lu , Che Shunai
Published: June 2017

Bicontinuous structures with hyperbolic surfaces have been found in a variety of natural and synthetic systems. Herein, we present the synthesis and structural study of the shifted double‐primitive networks, which is known as the rare “plumber's nightmare”, and its interconversion into diamond networks. The scaffold was prepared by self‐assembly of an amphiphilic triblock terpolymer and silica precursors. Electron crystallography indicates that the structure consists of two sets of hollow primitive networks shifted along 0.75b and 0.25c axes (2pcu(38 63), space group Cmcm). The “side‐by‐side” epitaxial relationship of the primitive and diamond networks with unit cell ratio of about 1.30 has been directly observed with the intermediate surface related to the rPD family. These results bring new insights to previous theoretical studies.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Intramolecular Aza‐Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Jarrige Lucie , Blanchard Florent , Masson Géraldine
Published: June 2017

A highly efficient catalytic enantioselective intramolecular Povarov reaction was developed with primary anilines as 2‐azadiene precursors. A wide variety of angularly fused azacycles were obtained without column chromatography in high to excellent yields and with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity (d.r.>99:1 and up to e.r. 99:1). Furthermore, the catalyst loading could be lowered to 1 mol %, and the obtained azacycles could be used as key intermediates for further transformations to generate additional molecular diversity.
Melt index prediction with a mixture of Gaussian process regression with embedded clustering and variable selections
Authors: Chan Lester Lik Teck , Chen Junghui
Published: June 2017

In this study, a penalized mixture of the Gaussian process regression model was proposed for the prediction of melt index (MI) in industrial polymer production. MI plays an important role in detecting the grade of a product. It is difficult to measure directly and is characterized by a large number of variables and multigrades. Because of multigrade products, in the development of soft sensors for MI prediction, it is not valid to assume unimodal Gaussian distribution of the data. To this end, the proposed method is capable of the simultaneous identification of significant variables and determination of important clusters of multigrade products. It is based on the shrinkage methods that have been shown to provide stable models that are more interpretable. Case studies are presented to show the features of the proposed method and its applicability to industrial MI prediction. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 45237.
Mechanical properties of poly(butylene succinate) composites with aligned cellulose‐acetate nanofibers
Authors: Kurokawa Naruki , Kimura Shunta , Hotta Atsushi
Published: June 2017

The mechanical properties of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were significantly enhanced by compounding cellulose‐acetate (CA) nanofibers (CA‐NF) to form CA/PBS composites. PBS has a great potential as an alternative material to other widely‐used polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene made from petroleum. PBS is especially well‐known for its biodegradability, but the mechanical property of PBS was not sufficient as a commercial product for industrial applications. In this study, in order to enhance the mechanical property of PBS, a nanofiber made of CA was selected as a reinforcing material for the PBS composite. CA‐NF were successfully synthesized using the 20 wt % CA solution with acetone/N,N‐dimethylformamide (6/4 wt/wt) by electrospinning. The CA/PBS composites were then fabricated by mixing aligned or non‐aligned (random) CA‐NF. The highly oriented CA‐NF were obtained using a rotating collector at the rotating speed of 430 m/min. The cross‐sectional micrographs of the CA/PBS composites indicated that the electrospun CA‐NF had good compatibility with the PBS matrix. The mechanical properties of the CA/PBS composites were investigated by tensile testing. It was found that the Young's moduli of the composites with the aligned CA‐NF were higher than those of the composites with the random CA‐NF. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45429.
Development of protein‐based bioplastics modified with different additives
Authors: Felix M. , Perez‐Puyana V. , Romero A. , Guerrero A.
Published: June 2017

Proteins have been postulated as a feasible source for manufacturing biodegradable polymeric materials. The aim of this study is the development of bioplastic materials from two different protein sources: albumen protein isolated (API), which consists of globular proteins, and crayfish flour (CF), mostly composed of myofibrillar proteins. In order to explore the effect of some chemical reagents on the mechanical properties of the blends and bioplastic materials, two different additives have been used: sodium sulfite (SS) and urea (U). The first one is a reducing agent, and the second one is considered a denaturing agent. The addition of chemical agents induces changes not only in mechanical properties but also in the most suitable processing conditions, which strongly depends on the protein used. Thus, the denaturation of globular proteins seems to lead to a more consistent blend before the injection‐molding process. However, when myofibrillar proteins are used, the processability of the dough‐like material increases after using either SS or U additives. This work illustrates the feasibility of producing animal‐based biodegradable bioplastic materials with different properties and, consequently, different applications, which contribute to adding a high value to two different byproducts from the food industry. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45430.
A century of fishery data documenting the collapse of smooth‐hounds (Mustelus spp.) in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Colloca Francesco , Enea Marco , Ragonese Sergio , Di Lorenzo Manfredi
Published: June 2017

Conservation and management of shark populations is increasingly becoming important in many marine regions, since there is a growing body of evidence showing that several species are threatened and continuing to decline because of unregulated fishing. Quantifying the extent of sharks' decline, the risk of species extinction, and the consequences for marine ecosystems have been challenging and controversial, mostly due to data limitations.

In this study, more than one century of multiple‐sources of bibliographic records on presence and frequency of occurrence of three species of commercial sharks, the smooth‐hounds Mustelus spp., in the Mediterranean Sea were compiled and analysed. Generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) were used to estimate the rate of change of two of these species, Mustelus mustelus and Mustelus punctulatus, in four Mediterranean regions.

Model results showed that smooth‐hounds have declined by 80–90% since the beginning of last century to almost disappear in a large part of their original distributional range during the 1980s and 1990s.

Based on modelling results, a revision of the current International Union for Conservation of Nature classification of Mediterranean smooth‐hounds would be advisable along with the application of urgent conservation measures.
Various Current Responses of Single Silver Nanoparticle Collisions on a Gold Ultramicroelectrode Depending on the Collision Conditions
Authors: Mun Seon Kyu , Lee Sangmin , Kim Dong Young , Kwon Seong Jung
Published: June 2017

Collisions of silver nanoparticles (NPs) with a more electrocatalytic gold or platinum ultramicroelectrode (UME) surface have been observed by using an electrochemical method. Depending on the applied potential to the UME, the current response to the collision of Ag NPs on the UME resulted in various shape changes. A staircase decrease, a blip decrease, and a blip increase of the hydrazine oxidation current were obtained at an applied potential of 0.33, 0.80, and 1.3 V, respectively. Different collision behaviors of Ag NPs on the UME surface were suggested for each shape of current response. Ag NP attachment, which hindered the diffusion flux to the UME, caused a staircase decrease of the electrocatalytic current. Instantaneous blocking of the hydrazine oxidation by Ag NP collision and, following recovery of the current by means of oxidation of Ag NP, caused a blip decrease of the electrocatalytic current. The formation of a higher oxidation state of Ag on the Ag NP and its electrocatalytic hydrazine oxidation resulted in a blip increase of the electrocatalytic current. The analysis of the current response of a single NP collision experiment can be a useful tool to understand the various behaviors of NPs on the electrode surface.
Multiscale Simulation with a Two‐Way Coupled Lattice Boltzmann Method and Discrete Element Method
Authors: Maier Marie-Luise , Henn Thomas , Thaeter Gudrun , Nirschl Hermann , Krause Mathias J.
Published: June 2017

Simulations are helpful to better understand the dynamics and interactions of large numbers of particles and fluid in processes that occur in chemical or process engineering. Depending on whether the suspension is dense, dilute or semi‐dilute, the particles and fluid can be mutually affected. Here, a lattice Boltzmann method for the fluid is combined with a discrete element method for the particles which were treated as point particles. Both are two‐way coupled by drag forces, based on momentum exchange. Single‐particle sedimentation is chosen as a first validation example for one‐ and two‐way coupling. For dense suspensions, contact forces are necessary and a scenario for two colliding particles is verified before the simulation of a multiparticle block is performed.
Dynamic Membrane Filtration: Formation, Filtration, Cleaning, and Applications
Authors: Li Lucheng , Xu Guoren , Yu Huarong
Published: June 2017

Applications of dynamic membrane (DM) filtration and factors affecting formation, filtration, and cleaning are introduced. DMs have been studied extensively for wastewater treatment in recent years. DM formation methods and mechanisms are explained. Effects of supporting material, deposited material, formation pressure, and pH on the DM formation are discussed in detail. The impacts of operation pressure, aeration intensity, cross‐flow velocity, temperature, and other parameters on the DM filtration process are evaluated and different DM cleaning strategies are reviewed. The applications of DMs to treatments of municipal wastewater, surface water, oily water, industrial wastewater, sludge, and microalgae harvesting are discussed. Finally, possible future research directions and some guidelines for DM technology are given.
Ammonothermal Synthesis of Crystalline Oxonitride Perovskites LnTaON2 (Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd)
Authors: Cordes Niklas , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: June 2017

The perovskite type oxonitridotantalates LnTaON2 with Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Gd were synthesized by the ammonothermal method employing custom‐built autoclaves made of nickel‐based superalloy. Metal powders were reacted with NaOH and NaN3 as mineralizers under supercritical conditions with purified ammonia at temperature range of 870–1070 K and pressure values of 150–300 MPa. Crystal structures and the space groups were determined by using powder X‐ray diffraction and refined by the Rietveld method. The refined lattice parameters are for LaTaON2 (a=5.7156(1), b=8.0675(1), c=5.7465(1) Å, Rwp=0.0471), CeTaON2 (a=5.6761(11), b=8.0386(16), c=5.7891(12) Å, Rwp=0.183), PrTaON2 (a=5.6920(1), b=8.0197(1), c=5.6804(1) Å, Rwp=0.0349), NdTaON2 (a=5.6884(1), b=8.0037(2), c=5.6554(1) Å, Rwp=0.026), SmTaON2 (a=5.6827(1), b=7.9656(2), c=5.6103(1) Å, Rwp=0.042), GdTaON2 (a=5.6160(10), b=7.9359(12), c=5.5962(10) Å, Rwp=0.118). LaTaON2 crystallizes in space group Imma (no. 74) and the other compounds LnTaON2 with Ln=Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd in Pnma (no. 62). SEM measurements were performed to investigate the elemental composition and morphology of the oxonitride perovskites. The bandgap values of the oxonitrides (LaTaON2 1.8 eV, CeTaON2 1.7 eV; PrTaON2 1.9 eV, NdTaON2 2.0 eV, SmTaON2 2.0 eV, GdTaON2 1.8 eV) were estimated by using UV/Vis measurements and the Kubelka–Munk function.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Denitrogenative [3+2] Cycloaddition: Access to Functionalized Hydroindolones and the Framework of Montanine‐Type Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids
Authors: Yang Hongjian , Hou Shengtai , Tao Cheng , Liu Zhao , Wang Chao , Cheng Bin , Li Yun , Zhai Hongbin
Published: June 2017

Rhodium‐catalyzed denitrogenative [3+2] cycloaddition of 1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles with cyclic silyl dienol ethers has been developed for the synthesis of functionalized hydroindolones or their corresponding silyl ethers. The present method has been employed to construct synthetically valuable bicyclo[3.3.1]alkenone derivatives and pyrrolidine‐ring‐containing bicyclic indole compounds. As a further synthetic application, a stereoselective synthesis of 5,11‐methanomorphanthridin‐3‐one, which shares a key skeleton with montanine‐type Amaryllidaceae alkaloids has been achieved by using this chemistry.
A Facile Synthesis of Benzo[h]quinolines via Silica‐TsOH‐P2O5 Promoted Condensation of 1‐Naphthylamines with 1,3‐Diketones under Solvent Free Conditions
Authors: Zhu Chuanlei , Guo Ruiqiang , Sheng Zhe , Li Yanzhe , Chu Changhu
Published: June 2017

A facile synthesis of benzo[h]quinolines has been developed via improved Combes reaction. A combination of silica gel, p‐toluenesulfonic acid and phosphorus pentoxide was utilized to promote the condensation of 1‐naphthylamines with 1,3‐diketones under solvent free conditions. In this case, silica gel was used as reaction media, p‐toluenesulfonic acid and phosphorus pentoxide were acted as catalyst and dehydrating agent, respectively.
Phase 2 study evaluating the combination of sorafenib and temsirolimus in the treatment of radioactive iodine‐refractory thyroid cancer
Authors: Sherman Eric J. , Dunn Lara A. , Ho Alan L. , Baxi Shrujal S. , Ghossein Ronald A. , Fury Matthew G. , Haque Sofia , Sima Cami S. , Cullen Grace , Fagin James A. , Pfister David G.
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Patients with recurrent and/or metastatic, radioactive iodine‐refractory thyroid carcinoma have limited treatment options. Sorafenib, an oral kinase inhibitor, is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of radioactive iodine‐refractory thyroid carcinoma, although it demonstrated low response rates (12.2%) as a single agent in the first‐line setting. The objective of the current study was to determine whether adding the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor temsirolimus to sorafenib could improve on these results.

METHODS

In this single‐institution, phase 2 study, 36 patients with metastatic, radioactive iodine‐refractory thyroid carcinoma of follicular origin received treatment with the combination of oral sorafenib (200 mg twice daily) and intravenous temsirolimus (25 mg weekly). The receipt of prior systemic treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapy, including sorafenib, was permitted. The primary endpoint was the radiographic response rate.

RESULTS

The best response was a partial response in 8 patients (22%), stable disease in 21 (58%), and progressive disease in 1 (3%). Six patients were not evaluable for a response. Patients who had received any prior systemic treatment had a response rate of 10% compared with 38% of those who had not received prior systemic treatment. One of 2 patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer had an objective response. The progression‐free survival rate at 1 year was 30.5%. The most common grade 3 and 4 toxicities associated with sorafenib and temsirolimus included hyperglycemia, fatigue, anemia, and oral mucositis.

CONCLUSIONS

Sorafenib and temsirolimus appear to be an active combination in patients with radioactive iodine‐refractory thyroid carcinoma, especially in patients who received no prior treatment compared with historic data from single‐agent sorafenib. Activity is also observed in patients who previously received sorafenib. This regimen warrants further investigation. Cancer 2017;123:4114–4121. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
A colored Petri net model for DisCSP algorithms
Authors: Pascal Carlos , Panescu Doru
Published: June 2017

The aim of this paper is to present a colored Petri net that models a system applying a DisCSP method. Our study considered 3 representative DisCSP algorithms: synchronous backtracking, asynchronous backtracking, and weak‐commitment search. To obtain the model, it was necessary to transpose the operation of a DisCSP‐based system into a discrete event system. The constructed colored Petri net is presented, with details on the information stored in places, procedures associated with transitions, and communication between agents. Through the performed trials (with the n‐queens problem), it was proved that the model is correct, easy to use, and adaptable to different operation conditions. The conducted simulations revealed new results about the way the 3 analyzed algorithms compare one with the other. It was showed that the performance of weak‐commitment search is degrading in cases close to real conditions, namely, when agents use un‐updated information about the state of system. We could also study 3 strategies for improving the performance of DisCSP algorithms, making them more practicable. The proposed model is available for open use, it is independent of the software that carries out a DisCSP method, and it can be enhanced for other DisCSP algorithms and diverse communication schemes.
Flocculation of Clay Colloids Induced by Model Polyelectrolytes: Effects of Relative Charge Density and Size
Authors: Sakhawoth Yasine , Michot Laurent J. , Levitz Pierre , Malikova Natalie
Published: June 2017

Flocculation and its tuning are of utmost importance in the optimization of several industrial protocols in areas such as purification of waste water and civil engineering. Herein, we studied the polyelectrolyte‐induced flocculation of clay colloids on a model system consisting of purified clay colloids of well‐defined size fractions and ionene polyelectrolytes presenting regular and tunable chain charge density. To characterize ionene‐induced clay flocculation, we turned to the combination of light absorbance (turbidity) and ζ‐potential measurements, as well as adsorption isotherms. Our model system allowed us to identify the exact ratio of positive and negative charges in clay–ionene mixtures, the (c+/c−) ratio. For all samples studied, the onset of efficient flocculation occurred consistently at c+/c− ratios significantly below 1, which indicated the formation of highly ionene‐deficient aggregates. At the same time, the ζ‐potential measurements indicated an apparent zero charge on such aggregates. Thus, the ζ‐potential values could not provide the stoichiometry inside the clay–ionene aggregates. The early onset of flocculation in clay–ionene mixtures is reminiscent of the behavior of multivalent salts and contrasts that of monovalent salts, for which a large excess amount of ions is necessary to achieve flocculation. Clear differences in the flocculation behavior are visible as a function of the ionene charge density, which governs the conformation of the ionene chains on the clay surface.