bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Direct‐Push Freezing Core Barrel for Sampling Unconsolidated Subsurface Sediments and Adjacent Pore Fluids
Authors: Trost Jared J. , Christy Thomas M. , Bekins Barbara A.
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

A direct‐push freezing core barrel (DPFCB) was developed and field tested.

The DPFCB is suitable for sampling in coarse, unconsolidated sediments.

The DPFCB freezes a 10‐ to 15‐cm plug that retains fluid and sediment in core sleeves.

The DPFCB is interchangeable with unsaturated zone sampling tool strings.

Contaminants passing through the unsaturated zone can undergo changes in narrow reaction zones upon reaching saturated sediments. Understanding these reactions requires sampling of sediment together with adjacent water and microbes in a manner that preserves in situ redox conditions. Use of a basket‐type core catcher for saturated, noncohesive sediments results in redistribution or loss of fluids during sample retrieval. Previously developed sample‐freezing drive shoes for hollow‐stem auger drilling rigs lessened fluid redistribution and retained all material that entered the core barrel in noncohesive sediment cores by freezing the base of the core with liquid CO2. This technology has not previously been compatible with direct‐push rigs that are commonly used for contaminated site assessments. Here, we describe a freezing core barrel designed for direct‐push rigs that is compatible with commercially available tool strings. The device can be used interchangeably with unsaturated‐zone direct‐push tool strings, enabling core collection for studies of contaminant transport and transformation spanning unsaturated to saturated profiles. In all 10 attempts during testing near Bemidji, MN, the device froze a 10‐ to 15‐cm (4–6‐in) plug that retained fluids and sediments in a 1.2‐m (4‐ft)‐long, 5.0‐cm (2.0‐in)‐diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sleeve. Cores were collected from variably saturated sediments spanning the capillary fringe through the upper 2 m of the saturated zone in sandy glacial outwash sediments. The median recovery was 81% of the drive length, similar to a sample‐freezing drive shoe developed for a wire‐line piston core sampler operated with a hollow‐stem auger drill rig.
Análise da temperatura aparente de superfície e Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) em Lisboa, Portugal, no verão de 2017
Authors: Eduvirgem Renan Valério , Periçato André Jesus , Sanches César Costa , Soares Claudemir Rodrigues , Caraminan Laine Milene , Santos Matheus Vinicius dos
Published: September 2018

Os problemas ambientais urbanos estão relacionados aos processos históricos de ocupação e formação do espaço geográfico, bem como, às transformações que ocorrem ao longo dos anos tendo em vista às necessidades dos grupos sociais. A gestão ambiental surge então com o intuito de amenizar os problemas ambientais encontrados nos sitios urbanos, ao passo que, estes mantem relações diretas com a qualidade de vida da população. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho busca monitorar a temperatura de superficie da cidade de Lisboa no verão do ano de 2017, através da técnica de sensoriamento remoto a partir da aplicação do Indice de Temperatura Aparente de Superfície (TAS) correlacionando com a distribuição espacial da cobertra vegetal através do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI). Os resultados mostram que a área urbana de Lisboa para o mês de julho de 2017 apresentou temperaturas mínimas variando de 21,50 oC e 29,00 oC e máximas de 36,24 oC e 43,22 oC. Para o mês de agosto, as temperaturas mínimas e máximas foram de 23,47 oC e 41,72 oC, respectivamente. O NDVI indicou as localidades que apresentam maior cobertura vegetal, com destaque para os Parques florestais da cidade. A TAS e o NDVI se mostraram inversamente proporcionais, onde as maiores temperaturas foram localizadas nos locais que apresentam as menores constituições arbóreas. Ainda, percebe-se que as formações vegetais são um dos fatores responsáveis pelas diferenças de temperaturas encontradas na área, contribuindo diretamente para o microclima local.
Desenvolvimento de protótipo de aerador fotovoltaico aplicado à piscicultura de pequeno e médio porte
Authors: Camboim Laércio Ferro , Anjos Thiago Brandão dos , Santos Rafael Sol dos , Cavalcanti Luiz Antônio Pimentel
Published: September 2018

Vários fatores podem interferir na qualidade da água e assim alterar o desempenho dos criatórios de peixes. A oxigenação da água está diretamente ligada à sua qualidade, onde em baixos níveis possui o potencial de elevar as taxas de mortalidade e influenciar diretamente na qualidade de produção dos peixes. O aerador é um aparelho capaz de fazer a incorporação do oxigênio à água de forma forçada, sendo normalmente utilizado pelos piscicultores que visam uma melhor produtividade e aproveitamento do espaço dos tanques. Contudo, parte dos produtores sofrem por não ter fornecimento de energia elétrica na localização dos seus criatórios ou mesmo pelas frequentes quedas no seu fornecimento, ocorrentes nos locais mais distante da rede elétrica. Sendo assim este trabalho visou o desenvolvimento de um aerador constituído principalmente por materiais de baixo custo, que fosse alimentado através de energia solar fotovoltaica. Após a concepção do equipamento, foi realizado um experimento que comparou o oxigênio dissolvido em três tanques, onde apenas um deles estava com peixes em seu interior, porém sem aeração, enquanto os outros dois possuíam condições físicas semelhantes, porém um estava com o aerador instalado e o outro não. O experimento durou 20 h, sendo realizadas medições de oxigênio dissolvido nos três tanques a cada intervalo de 2 h. Foi observado a ação imediata do aerador, bem como a estabilidade e quantidade de oxigênio dissolvido que o mesmo oferece para o tanque na qual está instalado, e a necessidade da aeração forçada em tanques de piscicultura.
Importância do estabelecimento da zona de amortecimento: um estudo de caso do Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Estado do Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Brasileiro Derly Pereira , Nunes Guilherme Muniz , Gonçalves Vandermond do Nascimento , Bonifácio Kallyne Machado , Madruga Filho Vital José Pessoa , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva de
Published: September 2018

O presente trabalho realiza uma abordagem acerca da zona de amortecimento do Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Estado do Piauí, Brasil, abordando o conceito e a normatização da referida zona, analisando aspectos de proteção ambiental legais, do ponto de vista da conservação e dos possíveis conflitos socioambientais entre a população desta área em relação ao patrimônio ambiental a ser protegido, partindo-se da ideia de que as unidades de conservação devem ser protegidas e deve haver uma zona de intermediação entre a área protegida e as comunidades circunvizinhas. O trabalho tem como base metodológica a pesquisa bibliográfica acerca da zona de amortecimento do referido PARNA. Considerando que o plano de manejo da unidade é omissa em relação à zona de amortecimento e a importância que o Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades desempenha quanto à proteção e conservação da biodiversidade local e da possibilidade de haver conflitos socioambientais envolvendo a população que convive diretamente com os recursos naturais localizados em torno da unidade, recomenda-se a revisão do plano de manejo para sanar esta omissão.
Apresentação - Leitores de Antonio Candido
Authors: Falleiros Marcos Falchero
Published: September 2018

A obra de Antonio Candido representou de modo abrangente uma interpretação da cultura brasileira sob a forma de um discurso caseiro, no tom familiar, pleno de humor, de uma conversa entre amigos. A linguagem límpida de sua obra crítica deu ao Brasil mapa, régua e compasso. Uma coerência assombrosa percorreu, com a longevidade de mais de setenta anos, sua atuação intelectual e política, fundada em aspectos complexos que o autor traduziu para o senso comum, como, por exemplo, a obviedade da relação entre literatura, como texto, produto estético, e a realidade, como contexto da exterioridade histórica que a forma literária interioriza. Os ensaios reunidos nessa coletânea pretendem demonstrar o aprendizado modesto de discípulos de terceira geração e manter viva, no deserto de um tempo sombrio, a chama de humanismo e gentileza do querido mestre
Dialética da ordem e da desordem: uma leitura de “Malagueta, perus e bacanaço”
Authors: Freire Manoel
Published: September 2018

Na ficção de João Antônio, o submundo dos marginalizados é a matéria privilegiada pelo contista na composição das narrativas, cujos personagens representam indivíduos que vivem à margem do processo econômico, excluídos do mercado de consumo e privados de direitos e garantias inerentes ao cidadão comum, relegados, portanto, a uma condição marginal. Sem os meios adequados para suprir as necessidades básicas e garantir uma existência digna, esses personagens sobrevivem por meio de expedientes como jogo, furto, prostituição e outros artifícios ilegais inerentes ao universo da malandragem e que caracterizam a vida marginal. Com base nas formulações de Antonio Candido sobre a malandragem e a “dialética da ordem e da desordem”, este ensaio analisa alguns aspectos do conto “Malagueta, Perus e Bacanaço”, de João Antônio.
Reflexão sobre a cultura brasileira e o efeito do influxo externo
Authors: Araújo Rosanne Bezerra de , Junior Jorge Witt de Mendonça
Published: September 2018

Este ensaio apresenta uma reflexão sobre a crítica de Antonio Candido e Roberto Schwarz a respeito da cultura brasileira que sofre o efeito da ideologia estrangeira que molda a nossa identidade. Para tanto, estabelecemos relações entre dois poemas, um de Ascenso Ferreira, “Oropa, França e Bahia”, e outro de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, “Europa, França e Bahia”. Ambos repetem a frase também presente na obra Macunaíma, de Mário de Andrade. Nosso método de pesquisa segue a crítica integrativa de Antonio Candido, pois investigamos os poemas e o trecho de Macunaíma, observando o aspecto social e cultural da construção dos textos. O resultado deste estudo nos revela que os textos literários, aqui comentados, apresentam uma sátira do efeito do influxo externo na cultura brasileira.
“Pensar o que estamos fazendo”
Authors: Passos Fábio Abreu dos
Published: September 2018

Explicitar e articular as três atividades que condicionam a vida humana, a saber, trabalho, obra e ação, aparecem como o mote da obra arendtiana A condição humana. Contudo, nossa atenção se volta para uma das últimas frases que compõem o prólogo, as quais apresentam a proposta que norteará as reflexões dessa obra, que se configura em “apenas pensar o que estamos fazendo”. Esta proposta aparece como algo simplório, pouco afeito às grandes obras filosóficas. Não obstante, “pensar o que estamos fazendo” se apresenta como algo profundo e profícuo, pois se trata de pensar o que o homem moderno está fazendo no interior de sua vita activa. Diante deste quadro argumentativo, podemos perguntar: qual o impacto do pensa-mento arendtiano, contido nas páginas d’A condição humana, sessenta anos após sua publicação? Estamos diante de uma grande obra de pensamento político e filosófico, ou, mais do que isto, estamos diante de um clássico? Para responder a esses questionamentos, três serão as qualidades que utilizaremos para pensar essa obra: se é capaz de ser uma autêntica intérprete de seu tempo; se instiga leituras e releituras; e se foi capaz de elaborar conceitos e categorias que nos levam a compreender a realidade.
Apologia à obra A condição humana de Hannah Arendt 60 anos após sua primeira publicação
Authors: Müller Maria Cristina
Published: September 2018

Indaga-se acerca da atualidade da obra A condição humana de Hannah Arendt, tendo como referência as incompreensões que provocou. Objetiva-se apresentar a obra relacionando-a com os demais escritos de Arendt apontando para a relevância de se alinhavar os conceitos de A condição humana com outros escritos de Arendt, principalmente a partir da crítica à tradição do pensamento político. A principal indagação é: o que Arendt almeja? Decorrem dela outras questões, como pano de fundo, motivações, propósitos, tema e método. A pesquisa é bibliográfica e utiliza como procedimentos a leitura, análise, compreensão e reconstrução teórica das obras de Arendt e de seus comentadores. Assinala-se a atualidade da crítica de Arendt ao mundo moderno e a alienação dos homens e mulheres que o compõem; a política foi derrotada pela urgência das necessidades da vida e o advento do social sobre a política levou ao declínio do domínio público. Tais problemas permanecem e se agravaram, portanto, a obra de Arendt continua perene. Isto permite asseverar a atualidade da obra de Arendt 60 anos depois de sua reflexão acerca do que estamos fazendo no mundo.
Experiências temporais da vita activa e os desafios da transmissão intergeracional
Authors: Carvalho José Sérgio Fonseca de
Published: September 2018

Em seu prefácio à edição francesa de A Condição Humana, Paul Ricoeur sugere a importância da temporalidade como categoria interpretativa das atividades humanas tal como Arendt as descreve. O presente artigo procura, a partir da exploração dessa chave interpretativa, vincular as experiências temporais da vita activa à responsabilidade política dos educadores em face dos recém-chegados e da durabilidade do mundo. Nele sugerimos que, para Arendt, seria precisamente na tensão e na complementariedade entre as dimensões temporais da experiência do animal laborans, do homo faber e do zoon politikon que se equilibraria a frágil possibilidade de que a política venha a se constituir como uma resposta digna à pluralidade como condição da vida comum e, assim, contrapor-se às tentações totalitárias.
Trágica, não absurda
Authors: Correia Adriano
Published: September 2018

Um dos movimentos centrais de A condição humana, de Hannah Arendt, é a análise das características fundamentais da atividade da ação, notadamente sua capacidade de estabelecer novos inícios em uma teia de relações humanas. É decisivo para Arendt destacar a articulação estreita entre ação e liberdade e entre liberdade e pluralidade. Em vista disto, ela sustenta que a liberdade só pode se dar em condições de não-soberania. Não obstante, julga que no âmbito da ação podem ser encontrados os remédios para suas fragilidades: a irreversibilidade, a imprevisibilidade, a ilimitabilidade e a ambiguidade, remediadas pelo perdão, pela promessa, pelo “agir em concerto” e pelo intercâmbio de perspectivas em um mundo comum. Na compreensão da ação é decisivo perceber que as fontes de sua dignidade são as mesmas da sua fragilidade e que a reconciliação com o aspecto trágico de sua não-soberania se dá pelas potencialidades da própria ação.
Presentación número 15
Authors: De San Luis Revista de El Colegio , Cruz Israel Ramírez
Published: September 2018

Texto introductorio al número 15 de la Revista de El Colegio de San Luis.
The Neurokinins: Peptidomimetic Ligand Design and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Gadais Charlène , Ballet Steven
Published: September 2018

The neurokinins are indisputably essential neurotransmitters in numerous pathoand physiological events. Being widely distributed in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and peripheral tissues, their discovery rapidly promoted them to drugs targets. As a necessity for molecular tools to understand the biological role of this class, endogenous peptides and their receptors prompted the scientific community to design ligands displaying either agonist and antagonist activity at the three main neurokinin receptors, called NK1, NK2 and NK3. Several strategies were implemented for this purpose. With a preference to small non-peptidic ligands, many research groups invested efforts in synthesizing and evaluating a wide range of scaffolds, but only the NK1 antagonist Aprepitant (EMENDT) and its prodrug Fosaprepitant (IVEMENDT) have been approved by the Food Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced and Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (CINV and PONV, respectively). While non-peptidic drugs showed limitations, especially in side effect control, peptidic and pseudopeptidic compounds progressively regained attention. Various strategies were implemented to modulate affinity, selectivity and activity of the newly designed ligands. Replacement of canonical amino acids, incorporation of conformational constraints, and fusion with non-peptidic moieties gave rise to families of ligands displaying individual or dual NK1, NK2 and NK3 antagonism, that ultimately were combined with non-neurokinin ligands (such as opioids) to target enhanced biological impact.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Konoplyannikov Mikhail , Kotova Svetlana , Baklaushev Vladimir , Konoplyannikov Anatoly , Kalsin Vladimir , Timashev Peter , Troitskiy Alexander
Published: September 2018

Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) has been recognized as the main cause of mortality in the modern world.
Application of cell therapy technologies for the IHD treatment has been actively studied from the beginning of
2000s. The review is dedicated to the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the therapy of IHD. The strategies
of the MSC modification in vitro for improvement of their regenerative potential are extensively discussed, including
preconditioning to enhance the cell survival, boosting their paracrine effect and manipulating their cardiomyogenic
differentiation. The optimization of the MSC delivery and opportunities related to the use of biomaterials
as cell carriers are also discussed. The results of the most important clinical studies on the MSC-based IHD
therapy are presented, including those completed and published in the literature and the ongoing clinical trials
registered at clinicaltrials.gov by June 2018.
LGE-MRI in the Assessment of Left-ventricular Remodelling in Myocarditis
Authors: Yuan Wei-Feng , Zhao Xin-Xiang , Sun Wen-Jing , Wu Shao-Ping , Liu Ya-Bin , Tang Xi
Published: September 2018

Background:

The exact morbidity of myocarditis is unknown, as the treatment is generally
delayed in virtue of misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors of left-ventricular remodeling on
CMRI performed in patients with pathological proven myocarditis.

Methods:

Sixty-two cases with various presentations of myocarditis (39 cases with heart failure; 23
cases with arrhythmias) were selected. All patients, who underwent coronary angiography, endomyocardial
biopsy, were divided into positive-remodeling and negative-remodelling groups to analyse
LGE and cardiac cine parameters at presentation and subsequent to 3 months.

Results:

Comparison of two subgroups in CMRI is as follows: positive LGE (65.6% vs. 86.7%;
p<0.05), LVEF (41.3±14.8% vs. 37.6±10.1%; p=0.62), (25.7±2.0% vs. 24.0±2.5%; p=0.81),
(44.5±3.9mm vs. 46.3±5.4mm; p=0.76), (129.1±8.5ml vs. 135.3±12.2ml; p=0.26), (74.8±7.3ml vs.
79.1±10.0ml; p=0.55), (52.0±5.7g vs. 49.6±6.5g; p=0.71), (34.9±3.5ml vs. 32.4±6.2ml; p=0.68),
(3.8±0.7L/min vs. 3.1±0.5L/min; p=0.64), (2.9±0.6L/min*m2 vs. 2.7±0.5L/min*m2; p=0.79).

Conclusion:

LGE-MRI is rewarding as an independent predictor in left-ventricular positive and
negative remodelling of myocarditis.
Hysterosalpingographic Findings of Infertile Patients Presenting to Our Reproductive Endocrinology Department: Analysis of 1,996 Cases
Authors: Inal Zeynep Ozturk , Inal Hasan Ali , Altunkeser Aysegul , Alkan Ender , Arslan Fatma Zeynep
Published: September 2018

Background:

To evaluate the hysterosalpingography (HSG) findings of women with infertility
in a tertiary center located in central Turkey.

Methods:

A total of 1,996 patients undergoing the HSG procedure for the investigation of infertility
from April 2012 to 2017 were retrospectively evaluated using the archives of the reproductive
endocrinology and radiology departments. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients
with normal HSG findings (n = 1,549) and patients with abnormal HSG findings (n = 447) were
compared, and the distribution of pathologies on the HSG examinations was evaluated as well.

Results:

There were statistically significant differences between patients with normal and abnormal
HSG findings in terms of age (25.68 ± 4.54 vs. 35.87 ± 2.65, p < 0.001), type (for secondary) and
duration of infertility [43.1% vs. 50.6% (p = 0.006); 7 (1-22) vs. 2 (1-12) (p < 0.001), respectively],
and baseline follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol levels [7.22 ± 1.38 vs. 7.55 ± 1.42 (p <
0.001); 45.54 ± 9.92 vs. 44.40 ± 9.99 (p < 0.001), respectively]. Among a total of 1,996 HSG examinations,
447 (22.39%) showed abnormalities, of which 237 (11.87%) were associated with tubal
pathologies, 163 (8.17%) with uterine pathologies, and 47 (2.35%) with a combination of both.
While the most common tubal pathology was one-sided distal tubal occlusion (2.91%), the most
common uterine pathology was filling defects (4.16%).

Conclusion:

HSG is the most commonly used, well-tolerated, low-cost, and safe radiological procedure
to use for the investigation of the causes of female infertility.
Synchronization Based on Node Balance Set for Energy Conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Nasri Nejah , El Khediri Salim , Rached Mansour , Kachouri Abdennaceur
Published: September 2018

Methods:

By applying various techniques especially node balance set, the network lifetime is increased and delay is minimized. To accomplish node balance set, Cluster Head (CH) determination mechanism is implemented and clustering based load balanced is established. Further, the enactment of the anticipated designs is established through simulations in the circumstance of scalable data transmission in a WSN.

Results & Conclusion:

Hypothetical study and experimental simulations are studied by various performance evaluation metrics namely clock offset, number of transmitted messages, delayed messages and Residual Energy. The results confirm that clustering with node balance set saves more energy in WSN and also it reduces synchronization errors.

Background:

In a Wireless Sensor Network, one of the important issues is minimizing energy consumption without losing accuracy during data transmission. Communication must be released in an optimized way, which enhances energy efficiency in the networks.
The Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Skin Diseases: An Update and Concise Review
Authors: Golchin Ali , Farahany Tahereh Z. , Khojasteh Arash , Soleimanifar Fatemeh , Ardeshirylajimi Abdolreza
Published: September 2018

The skin is one of the crucial body organs with anatomy and physiology linked to various
disorders including congenital and acquired diseases. Nowadays, mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)-
based therapy has appeared as a promising therapeutic field, in which many see opportunities to cure
the costliest and incurable diseases. However, one question to be asked is that if the use of MSCs in
clinical trials studies and diseases treatment has improved. In this study, the clinical trials using MSCs
in skin diseases were reviewed. A remarkable number of clinical trial studies are in progress in this
field; however, only a few of them have led to tangible benefits for patients. The relevant papers and
ongoing clinical trials that address MSC’s therapeutic goals for various skin disorders were examined.
This review can be very useful for both the dermatologists and basic skin researchers interested in contributing
to stem cell-based therapeutic researches in the area of skin disorders.
Discovery of Iminobenzimidazole Derivatives as Novel Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Chouha Nora , Hammoud Hassan , Brogi Simone , Campiani Giuseppe , Welsch Caroline , Robert Caroline , Vagner Stéphan , Cresteil Thierry , Bentouhami Embarek , Désaubry Laurent
Published: September 2018

In our quest to identify inhibitors of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F), we serendipitously discovered a novel cytotoxic agent. Even though this compound did not inhibit translation, we explored the structural requirements for its cytotoxicity due to its structural originality. A series of 1,3-disubstituted iminobenzimidazoles was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity. The structure-activity relationship studies demonstrate that hydrophobic substituent is essential for activity. The most active compounds displayed a cytotoxicity in KB, HL60 and HCT116 human cancer cells with an IC50 of about 1μM. These first-in-class series of low molecular weight synthetic molecules may provide the basis for the development of new anticancer drugs.
The Calculation and Optimization Research of Renewable Energy Investment Efficiency under Uncertain Conditions
Authors: Yi Tao , Zhang Yifan , Guo Yanfeng
Published: September 2018

Background:

In the renewable energy investment market, there are risks such as fossil fuel price fluctuations, environmental risks caused by pollutant emissions, electricity price fluctuations caused by energy policies, and so on, which bring certain difficulties to measure the investment efficiency.

Methods:

In this regard, the paper applies the portfolio theory to the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to evaluate investment efficiency. First of all, the Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the four uncertain factors of fuel unit price, feed-in tariff, annual operating hours, and carbon price, so as to quantitatively measure the risk and return of different power generation. According to the portfolio theory, it evaluates the portfolio risks and returns, respectively as input and output indicators, so as to build a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to estimate investment efficiency.

Conclusion:

The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method. In details, we select a poor efficiency sample, and then, we propose an optimization measure to improve the efficiency. By adjusting the proportion of its investment, the result proves that increasing the proportion of renewable energy can realize optimization and validity of renewable energy investment. Thus, it provides auxiliary support for the investment decision of renewable energy and realizes the coordinated allocation and efficient utilization of renewable energy.
Clinical Efficacy in Relieving Dentin Hypersensitivity of Nanohydroxyapatite-containing Cream: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Amaechi Bennett T. , Lemke Kelly C. , Saha Shyamali , Gelfond Jonathan
Published: September 2018

Objective:

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Apadent Pro (Sangi) Nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) dental cream to relieve Dentin Hypersensitivity (DHS), compared with a positive control cream containing 20% pure silica (Silica).

Methods:

In this double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial, patients diagnosed with DHS and qualified to participate were randomized into two groups, nHAP (n=25) and Silica (n=26). Subjects’ baseline and posttreatment sensitivity were assessed using two pain scales, a four-point Dental Pain Scale (DPS) followed by a linear Visual Analog Scale (VAS), after the application of ice-cold and air stimuli. Subjects used custom-fabricated trays to apply their respective cream for 5 minutes once daily following brushing with standard fluoride toothpaste. Posttreatment sensitivity (efficacy) was assessed every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. Mean treatment outcomes (percentage change from baseline) at each time point were compared using the Tukey HSD test for multiplicity (P<0.05).

Results:

With either air or cold stimulus, VAS and DPS indicated a significant (P<0.001) reduction in DHS at each time point with either nHAP or Silica. Comparing pain scales, VAS showed no significant difference in DHS reduction between the products with either air or cold. However, with DPS, DHS reduction was significantly (P<0.05) better with Silica than with nHAP at all time points with cold, and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks with air.

Conclusion:

Both Apadent Pro nHAP and Silica dental creams are effective at promoting the relief of DHS symptoms. When comparing the efficacy of the two compounds to relieve DHS, results of the two pain scales were conflicting.
Low Body Mass Index and Trends of Tuberculosis Infection: A Cohort Study of Orphan Children in Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan
Authors: Rauf A. , Nadeem M.S. , Khalid M. , Kazmi S.A. , Muhammad K. , Kyani S.T. , Baothman O. , Murtaza B.N.
Published: September 2018

Background:

The tuberculosis is one the most life-threatening poverty associate diseases affecting one-third of the world population. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the trends of tuberculosis infection, and general health conditions of orphan children in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan.

Methods:

Total 1708 children have enrolled in this a longitudinal study and were screened for tuberculosis through sputum smear and PCR tests. Body Mass Index (BMI), exposure to tuberculosis risk factors was also analyzed for all participants.

Results:

In 2011, the prevalence of tuberculosis was 3.41%, 1.36%, which was among male and 2.05% among female children. In 2015, we found 1.95% positive tuberculosis cases including 1.12% females and 0.83% males. A significant overall decline in tuberculosis infection was found in four years, p < 0.01. The mean BMI value for male and female children was 21.70 (SD±0.68) and 17.53 (SD±0.72), respectively.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, malnutrition, unhygienic and crowded living conditions are strong factors contributing to TB infection and serious threat to the orphan children, especially for the females.
Shaping and Cellular Uptake of Folic Acid Coated Gold and Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: El-Shahawy Ahmed A.G. , Elghnam Gamal , Alsherbini Alsayed A.M.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Gold and Iron Oxide nanoparticles NPs play as nanocarriers for a specific drug delivery and contrast agents. Intercellular uptake of these nanoparticles and targeting to individual cell and sub-cellular compartment is essential.

Objective:

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the intracellular uptake of these NPs to specific tumor cells in vitro conjugated with folic acid with a goal of enhancing the efficiency of specific targeting to tumor cells.

Methods:

We synthesized the nanoparticles by a chemical method and characterized by UV-Visible, FTIR, XRD, and TEM.

Results & Conclusion:

The results revealed the conjugation of Gold and Iron Oxide nanoparticles with folic acid increased the intercellular uptake with high percent compared to non- conjugated nanoparticles.
Estimation of the Unbiodegradable Fraction of Thickened Waste Activated Sludge
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad M. I. , Nakhla George , Zhu J.
Published: September 2018

The study investigated the unbiodegradable fraction of particulate chemical oxygen demand (PCOD) in thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) using semicontinuous‐flow completely‐mixed anaerobic digesters. A laboratory‐scale semicontinuous stirred tank reactor was used to investigate TWAS anaerobic biodegradability at hydraulic retention time of 16.7 d to 33.3 d and organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.21 kg COD/m3•d to 3.47 kg COD/m3•d. The COD and volatile suspended solids (VSS) removal for TWAS were 37% to 44% and 39% to 42% at an OLR of 1.27 and 3.47 kg COD/m3•d, respectively. Using a biomass yield (YAD) of 0.29 g COD biomass/g COD substrate, decay rate (bAD)of 0.015 d−1; and a solids retention time (SRT) of 16.7 d; two linear fits correlating the difference between effluent biomass; and effluent particulate COD with influent total COD, the unbiodegradable fractions of PCOD and VSS were estimated from the slopes of the linear fits to be in the range of 0.26 to 0.28.
Phosphorus Recovery by Methods Beyond Struvite Precipitation
Authors: Law Kam P. , Pagilla Krishna R.
Published: September 2018

Unintentional phosphate precipitation at water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) causes operation and maintenance challenges. With global phosphorus (P) scarcity looming and receiving water eutrophication caused by excess discharges of P, intentional P recovery at WRRFs has been gaining traction. To date, struvite recovery as slow release fertilizer has been the focus of P recovery. However, struvite recovery is not always the most cost‐effective approach, especially when phosphate fertilizers cost considerably less than the cost to recover struvite as fertilizer. The aim of this state‐of‐an‐art review paper is to discuss P recovery as calcium phosphate, which could be a fertilizer feedstock and incurs less chemical costs to produce. Calcium phosphate also offers broader applications for other industrial uses beyond fertilizers since the composition is close to mined phosphate rock. A strategic approach for a regional reclaimed phosphate reserve is proposed to secure the most economical future supply of P.
Impact of an Intrainstitutional Teledermatology Service: Mixed-Methods Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Champagne Trevor , Rossos Peter G , Kirk Veronica , Seto Emily
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Teledermatology provides timely access to consultative dermatology services while reducing the need for travel among patients in rural and underserviced areas. However, knowledge about the potential benefits of such a service in urban areas is limited.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the impact of a geographically unrestricted, intrainstitutional, secure, email teledermatology service for dermatology.

METHODS

We employed a mixed-methods approach using chart review, surveys, and semistructured interviews from the Canada Health Infoway Benefits Evaluation Framework. Patient charts were reviewed for demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. Electronic and paper surveys were sent to patients and providers to quantify aspects of the service, such as satisfaction and usability, on a Likert scale. Semistructured interviews of referring providers and a convenience sample of academic consultant dermatologists who were considering teledermatology for their practice were conducted. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using manual coding and thematic analysis by both the primary author and a second independent reviewer. All results were concurrently triangulated in an overarching analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 76 consultations were reviewed over a period of 18 months, of which 84% were completely managed without an in-person visit. Only 6% of rashes required a subsequent in-person visit to a dermatologist for management, compared to 41% of lesions. In addition, 28% (21/76) of patients responded to the survey. Patients “strongly agreed” to use the service again, were satisfied with the management of their skin issue, and thought the service saved them time. In general, providers who answered the electronic survey “strongly agreed” that the service demonstrated quality, timeliness, and an educational benefit, but increased their administrative time. A total of 9 interviews of 5 referring providers and 4 dermatologists were completed. Triangulation of all study components supported the hypothesis that teledermatology benefits providers, patients, and the health care system.

CONCLUSIONS

Intrainstitutional teledermatology has high satisfaction among patients and providers and saves patients time, even when there are no geographic or systemic barriers to access. This service may be most effective when targeted at rashes rather than lesions. Additional research on the cost-effectiveness and educational benefits of this service is warranted.
Usable Mobile App for Community Education on Colorectal Cancer: Development Process and Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Mohamad Marzuki Muhamad Fadhil , Yaacob Nor Azwany , bin Yaacob Najib Majdi , Abu Hassan Muhammad Radzi , Ahmad Shahrul Bariyah
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Participation in colorectal cancer screening is still low among Malaysians despite the increasing trend of incidence, with more than half of the new cases being detected in the advanced stages. Knowledge improvement might increase screening participation and thus improve the chances of disease detection. With the advancement of communication technology, people nowadays prefer to read from their mobile phone using a Web browser or mobile apps compared with the traditional printed material. Therefore, health education and promotion should adapt this behavior change in educating the community.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to document the process of designing and developing a mobile app for community education on colorectal cancer and assess the usability of the prototype.

METHODS

The nominal group technique (NGT) was used for the content development of the mobile app. NGT involving community educationists and clinicians combined with community representatives as the target users identified relevant health information and communication strategies including features for a user-friendly mobile app. The prototype was developed using framework Ionic 1, based on the Apache Cordova and Angular JS (Google). It was published in the Google Play store. In total, 50 mobile phone users aged 50 years and above and who had never been diagnosed with any type of cancer were invited to download and use the app. They were asked to assess the usability of the app using the validated Malay version of System Usability Scale Questionnaire for the Assessment of Mobile Apps questionnaire. The One-sample t test was used to assess the usability score with a cut-off value of 68 for the usable mobile app.

RESULTS

The Colorectal Cancer Awareness Application (ColorApp) was successfully developed in the local Malay language. The NGT discussion had suggested 6 main menus in the ColorApp prototype, which are Introduction, Sign and Symptoms, Risk Factors, Preventive Measures, Colorectal Cancer Screening Program, and immunochemical fecal occult blood test kit. A total of 2 additional artificial intelligence properties menus were added to allow user-ColorApp interaction: Analyze Your Status and ColorApp Calculator. The prototype has been published in the Google Play store. The mean usability score was 72 (SD 11.52), which indicates that ColorApp is a usable mobile app, and it can be used as a tool for community education on colorectal cancer.

CONCLUSIONS

ColorApp mobile app can be used as a user-friendly tool for community education on colorectal cancer.
PERHITUNGAN FERTILITAS MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANAK KANDUNG: ANALISIS LANJUT DATA RISKESDAS 2013
Authors: Indrawati Lely , Hapsari Dwi , Nainggolan Olwin
Published: September 2018

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is the average number of children born alive by a number of women at the end of their reproductive period. TFR is one indicator of health development, especially maternal health in the country. Therefore, target of reducing the birth rate is still prioritized in RPJMN 2015-2019. Indirect method is more appropriate to calculate TFR, such as own-method children. Population of this study is women and their children in the same househoold with women of childbearing aged 15-49 years and children under five who live with their parents as sampling unit. Children under five in this analysis are the biological children while step children will be included in order to enhance the number children. The calculation based on 2013 Riskesdas (Riset Kesehatan Dasar) shows higher TFR compared to 2012 DHS (Demographic and Health Survey) which was 3.2 at national level. ASFR (Age Specific Fertility Rate) pattern shows highest fertility rate for age of 20-24, while it was second for age 15-19. The important implication is that family planning program has to concentrate on this age groups, such as by increasing age of the first marriage.
Fertilitas Migran dan Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Fertilitas di Jawa Barat
Authors: Ekawati Rindang , Herartri Rina , Nuraini Nuraini , Rahayuwati Laili , Sukamdi Sukamdi
Published: September 2018

Migrasi merupakan salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi dinamika penduduk, baik melalui jumlah migran maupun fertilitas migran. Jumlah migrasi yang besar ke Provinsi Jawa Barat merupakan salah satu penyebab peningkatan jumlah penduduk yang cukup besar. Jika migran memiliki fertilitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan nonmigran, maka pengaruh tersebut akan lebih besar lagi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perbedaan fertilitas antara migran dan nonmigran serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi fertilitas di Jawa Barat. Data yang digunakan adalah data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2015. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat kecenderungan migran memiliki fertilitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan nonmigran. Sementara itu, faktor sosial ekonomi yang berpengaruh terhadap fertilitas adalah pendidikan, usia kawin pertama, penggunaan alat kontrasepsi, dan kegiatan utama (pekerjaan).  Migration is one of the factors that influences the dynamics of population, both through the number of migrants and the fertility of migrants. The large number of migrants to West Java Province is one of the causes of a considerable increase in population. If migrants have higher fertility than non-migrants, the effect will be even greater. This study aims to examine the difference of fertility between migrants and non-migrants as well as factors affecting fertility in West Java. The data used is 2015 National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas). The analysis is done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that there is a tendency for migrants to have higher fertility compared with non-migrants while the socio-economic factors that have an effect on fertility are education, first marriage age, use of contraceptives, and main activities (work).
LINGKUNGAN HIDUP SEBAGAI SUBJEK HUKUM: REDEFINISI RELASI HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN HAK ASASI LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DALAM PERSPEKTIF NEGARA HUKUM
Authors: Usman Abdurrahman Supardi
Published: September 2018

Inspired by “Should Trees Have Standing? Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects” (Christopher D. Stone, 1974) that popularized the doctrin: “environment as a legal subject”. This thesis was directly elaborating the relation between the constitutional aspect of the “state of law” and its admission of environmental rights, not just about the dimention of the philosophy of law but beyond of it: this thesis was discuss about the theoretical dimention of law and its relevance in Indonesia. At least there are two monumental cases in the world which were become the landmark case of environmental disputes resolution based of by the doctrin of ecocracy. In the dissenting opinion of the judge William O. Douglas in Sierra Club vs Morton’s case, United Stated of America (1972) and in the appeal decision of the Wheeler vs the Government of the provincial of Roja’s case, Ecuador (2011). Those cases had opened a new perspective in the legal proceeding that the environment had be approved as a legal person. In other words, the environment had recognized as a legal subject. Then, by using the conseptual approach and comparative of law approach, this thesis had elaborated the relevance of this doctrin: “The Environment as a Legal Subject” in Indonesian context then verified it with the related legal theories. Besides it all, in this thesis also discuss the relation between of the environmental legal protection and the state of law concept in the ecocracy and constitualism perspective framework. Hopefully this thesis would be the steping stone to realize the constitutionalisation the environment rights and to realize the legal standing innovation in the environmental disputes resolution.
PERAN PENGADILAN NEGERI INDONESIA DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Ayu Isdiyana Kusuma
Published: September 2018

Electronic transactions or E-commerce are buying and selling transactions carried out through the internet. As a result of over the internet, the nature of e-commerce can be done without knowing the borders. When a default or fraud occurs in e-commerce conducted by one of the parties who are abroad, it must pay attention to the principle of International Private Law related to the Court forum, Arbitration, or other dispute resolution institutions. That means that it is necessary to pay attention to the basic arrangements for dispute resolution of international business transactions that have been regulated in Indonesia and the authority of the Indonesian District Court in resolving international electronic transaction disputes. In the juridical perspective as the basis for solving electronic transaction cases to be legal strengthening takes a sense of justice so that it can be seen that the basis of international e-commerce arrangements in accordance with Article 18 Paragraph (4) of the ITE Law. District Courts has a role to be the main and complementary institution in dispute resolution international electronic transactions.
HYBRID COURT SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN PELANGGARAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA
Authors: Cholidah Cholidah
Published: September 2018

The establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 1998 provided a hope for certainty in resolving cases of international human rights crimes that occurred after the Rome Statute which formed the basis of this court ratification in 1998, the Non-Retroactive Principles adopted in the Rome Statute did not open this courtroom Human rights crimes that occurred before 1998, so that a new court model is needed to resolve human rights cases that occur namely the Hybrid Court Judicial model, also known as the Mixed Court model, seeks to combine national legal and judicial elements with the International. This Alternative Model is then chosen in resolving cases of human rights crimes that occurred in Sierra Leone and Cambodia, but given the different human rights crimes that occur, different approaches and models are needed in the formation of selected Hybrid Court Courts. So it needs to be explored about the urgency, the legal status of Hybrid Court formation, as well as the technical mechanisms of the trial, both Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extra Chamber Court of Cambodian/ECCC. The results of this study are first, the urgency of the formation of Hybrid Court is to fill the limitations of temporis jurisdiction from the ICC as an institution in prosecuting perpetrators of international crimes so as to close the impunity of perpetrators because the State can still try its citizens by using its domestic legal system without having to fully use the International mechanism. Second, Hybrid Court can be formed through agreements between the United Nations and the government of a country which is then used as a legal basis for the court, as implemented in Cambodia, besides that the formation of Hybrid Court can also be formed through national laws as applied in Sierra Leone.
Despraticando as normas do olhar
Authors: Cazetta Valéria , Seemann Jörn
Published: September 2018

Apresentação para o dossiê "Educação pelas imagens e suas geografias"
‘Geografando’ práticas juvenis que (de)marcam a metrópole: uma questão de currículo escolar? / ‘Spatializing’ youth practices of marking the city: a school curriculum issue?
Authors: Garbin Elisabete Maria , Tonini Ivaine Maria
Published: September 2018

Busca-se problematizar como determinadas práticas culturais exercidas por sujeitos jovens nas fendas e na pele das cidades podem produzir múltiplos [e provisórios] pertencimentos identitários.São tematizados grafites e pichações que vestem as ruas e paredes de Porto Alegre/RS e em que medida elas nos fazem refletir sobre ‘outros’ modos de ‘ser’ e ‘estar’ jovem nas metrópoles, ‘vestidas’ com suas marcas, de seus tempos, de seus pensamentos. Tais culturas contribuem para os nomadismos e flutuações, também para a ‘lugarização’ dos espaços, que movimentam uma espécie de rede de relações de toda ordem. Mostrar que os jovens possuem culturas próprias, e que estas precisam ser compreendidas pelos professores possibilita maior significações na ensinagem. Práticas pedagógicas que enfocam as diversas formas de manifestação juvenil e suas peculiaridades, trazem subsídios para que possa haver uma aproximação maior com o mundo dos sujeitos jovens, da escola, bem como o ensino da geografia.