bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scrambling Dynamics and Out-of-Time-Ordered Correlators in Quantum Many-Body Systems
Authors: Xu Shenglong , Swingle Brian
Published: January 2024

This tutorial article introduces the physics of quantum information scrambling in quantum many-body systems. The goals are to understand how to precisely quantify the spreading of quantum information and how causality emerges in complex quantum systems. We introduce a general framework to study the dynamics of quantum information, including detection and decoding. We show that the dynamics of quantum information is closely related to operator dynamics in the Heisenberg picture, and, under certain circumstances, can be precisely quantified by the so-called out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC). The general behavior of the OTOC is discussed based on several toy models, including the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, random circuit models, and Brownian models, in which the OTOC is analytically tractable. We introduce numerical methods, including exact diagonalization and tensor network methods, to calculate the OTOC for generic quantum many-body systems. We also survey current experimental schemes for measuring the OTOC in various quantum simulators.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Correlation of refractive index based and THz streaking arrival time tools for a hard X-ray free-electron laser
Authors: Błachucki Wojciech , Johnson Philip J. M. , Usov Ivan , Divall Edwin , Cirelli Claudio , Knopp Gregor , Juranić Pavle , Patthey Luc , Szlachetko Jakub , Lemke Henrik , Milne Christopher , Arrell Christopher
Published: January 2024

To fully exploit ultra-short X-ray pulse durations routinely available at X-ray free-electron lasers to follow out-of-equilibrium dynamics, inherent arrival time fluctuations of the X-ray pulse with an external perturbing laser pulse need to be measured. In this work, two methods of arrival time measurement were compared to measure the arrival time jitter of hard X-ray pulses. The methods were photoelectron streaking by a THz field and a transient refractive index change of a semiconductor. The methods were validated by shot-to-shot correction of a pump–probe transient reflectivity measurement. An ultimate shot-to-shot full width at half-maximum error between the devices of 19.2 ± 0.1 fs was measured.
A thermal deformation optimization method for cryogenically cooled silicon crystal monochromators under high heat load
Authors: Liu Jiayin , Ji Zhan , Fan Yichen , Yan Xinxin , Wang Miaomiao , Qin Hongliang
Published: January 2024

A method to optimize the thermal deformation of an indirectly cryo-cooled silicon crystal monochromator exposed to intense X-rays at a low-emittance diffraction-limited synchrotron radiation source is presented. The thermal-induced slope error of the monochromator crystal has been studied as a function of heat transfer efficiency, crystal temperature distribution and beam footprint size. A partial cooling method is proposed, which flattens the crystal surface profile within the beam footprint by modifying the cooling contact area to optimize the crystal peak temperature. The optimal temperature varies with different photon energies, which is investigated, and a proper cooling strategy is obtained to fulfil the thermal distortion requirements over the entire photon energy range. At an absorbed power up to 300 W with a maximum power density of 44.8 W mm−2 normal incidence beam from an in-vacuum undulator, the crystal thermal distortion does not exceed 0.3 µrad at 8.33 keV. This method will provide references for the monochromator design on diffraction-limited synchrotron radiation or free-electron laser light sources.
α-D-2′-Deoxyadenosine, an irradiation product of canonical DNA and a component of anomeric nucleic acids: crystal structure, packing and Hirshfeld surface analysis
Authors: Leonard Peter , Zhang Aigui , Budow-Busse Simone , Daniliuc Constantin , Seela Frank
Published: January 2024

α-D-2′-Deoxyribonucleosides are products of the γ-irradiation of DNA under oxygen-free conditions and are constituents of anomeric DNA. They are not found as natural building blocks of canonical DNA. Reports on their conformational properties are limited. Herein, the single-crystal X-ray structure of α-D-2′-deoxyadenosine (α-dA), C10H13N5O3, and its conformational parameters were determined. In the crystalline state, α-dA forms two conformers in the asymmetric unit which are connected by hydrogen bonds. The sugar moiety of each conformer is arranged in a `clamp'-like fashion with respect to the other conformer, forming hydrogen bonds to its nucleobase and sugar residue. For both conformers, a syn conformation of the nucleobase with respect to the sugar moiety was found. This is contrary to the anti conformation usually preferred by α-nucleosides. The sugar conformation of both conformers is C2′-endo, and the 5′-hydroxyl groups are in a +sc orientation, probably due to the hydrogen bonds formed by the conformers. The formation of the supramolecular assembly of α-dA is controlled by hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions, which was verified by a Hirshfeld and curvedness surface analysis. Chains of hydrogen-bonded nucleobases extend parallel to the b direction and are linked to equivalent chains by hydrogen bonds involving the sugar moieties to form a sheet. A comparison of the solid-state structures of the anomeric 2′-deoxyadenosines revealed significant differences of their conformational parameters.
A study of rotary cutting machine (RCM) performance on Korean granite
Authors: Shin Young Jin , Farrokh Ebrahim , Jung Jaehoon , Lee Jaewon , Kang Hanbyul
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Despite the many advantages this type of equipment offers, there are still some major drawbacks. Linear cutting machine (LCM) cannot accurately simulate the true rock-cutting process as 1. it does not account for the circular path along which tunnel boring machine (TBM) disk cutters cut the tunnel face, 2. it does not accurately model the position of a disk cutter on the cutterhead, 3. it cannot perfectly replicate the rotational speed of a TBM. To enhance the knowledge of these issues and in order to mimic the real rock-cutting process, a new lab testing equipment was developed by Hyundai Engineering and Construction.

Design/methodology/approach

A new testing machine called rotary cutting machine (RCM) is designed to simulate the excavation process of hard-rock TBMs and includes features such as TBM cutterhead, RPM simulation, constant normal force mode and constant penetration rate mode. Two sets of tests were conducted on Hwandeung granite using different disk cutter sizes to analyze the cutting forces in various excavation modes. The results are analyzed using statistical analysis and dimensional analysis. A new model is generated using dimensional analysis, and its results are compared against the results of actual cases.

Findings

The effectiveness of the new RCM test was demonstrated in its ability to apply various modes of excavation. Initial analysis of chip size revealed that the thickness of the chips is largely dependent on the cutter spacing. Tests with varying RPM showed that an increase in RPM results in an increase in the normal force and rolling force. The cutting coefficient (CC) demonstrated a linear correlation with penetration. The optimal specific energy is achieved at an S/p ratio of around 15. However, a slightly lower S/p ratio can also be used in the design if the cutter specifications permit. A dimensional analysis was utilized to develop a new RCM model based on the results from approximately 1200 tests. The model's applicability was demonstrated through a comparison of TBM penetration data from 26 tunnel projects globally. Results indicated that the predicted penetration rates by the RCM test model were in good agreement with actual rates for the majority of cases. However, further investigation is necessary for softer rock types, which will be conducted in the future using concrete blocks.

Originality/value

The originality of the research lies in the development of Hyundai Engineering and Construction’s advanced full-scale laboratory rotary cutting machine (RCM), which accurately replicates the excavation process of hard-rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs). The study provides valuable insights into cutting forces, chip size, specific energy, RPM and excavation modes, enhancing understanding and decision-making in hard-rock excavation processes. The research also presents a new RCM model validated against TBM penetration data, demonstrating its practical applicability and predictive accuracy.
What affects the corporate social responsibility practices of Chinese international contractors considering dynamic interactions? A hybrid structural equation modeling–fuzzy cognitive map approach
Authors: Dang Xiaoxu , Wang Mengying , Deng Xiaopeng , Mao Hongtao , He Pengju
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices frequently result in increased costs for Chinese international contractors (CICs), where profitability is the primary objective; therefore, internal corporate drivers and external pressures play a crucial role in encouraging them to engage in sustainable CSR practices. This study systematically examines the dynamic impact of internal and external stakeholders on the CSR practices of CICs.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a structural equation model (SEM) to identify and validate a correlation between stakeholders and CSR practices. Standardized causal coefficients estimated in SEM were used to construct a fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) model to illustrate the effect of stakeholders on CSR practices with linkage direction and weights. Predictive, diagnostic, and hybrid analyses were performed to dynamically model the variation in stakeholders on the evolution of CSR practices.

Findings

The empirical results demonstrate that (1) employee participation in CSR has the greatest impact on CSR practices, followed by CSR strategies, partner and customer expectations, and finally government regulations. (2) In the early stage of CSR fulfillment, CSR strategies have the greatest influence on CSR practices; in the later stage of CSR fulfillment, employee participation in CSR has the greatest influence on CSR practices. (3) In the long run, the most effective and economical integrated interventions are those that address employee participation in CSR, partner expectations and customer expectations, and intervention in CSR strategies is needed if the level of CSR practice needs to be improved in the short term.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the research on the influence mechanisms of CSR practices of CICs and systematically analyzes their dynamic influence on CSR practices of CICs from the perspective of stakeholders.
Knowledge ambidexterity in construction project-based organizations: predicaments of knowledge networking intention within outbound consultant-supplier interfaces
Authors: Lello Didas S. , Huang Yongchun , Kansheba Jonathan M.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Agenda for knowledge creation within inter-project alliances and inter-firm supply chain networks has been extensively debated. However, the existing knowledge networks within consultant-supplier interfaces in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry seem to be vague, loose, incidental and insignificant. This study examines factors affecting knowledge networking intention (KNI) within construction service supply chain (CSSC) networks.

Design/methodology/approach

Data analysis was conducted on a quantitative survey of 161 consulting professional service firms in Tanzania, employing stepwise regression modelling as the statistical technique.

Findings

The results indicate that three types of knowledge inertia (KI) exert varying effects on KNI. While both procedural (PI) and learning inertia (LI) negatively impact KNI, experience inertia (EI) has no impact on KNI. In addition, knowledge governance (KG) mechanisms are found to strongly strengthen and leverage the negative effects of PI and LI on KNI and the positive link between EI and KNI within outbound and heterogeneous CSSC actors, with formal KG having greater leverage than informal KG.

Practical implications

The study offers guidance on how managers of PBOs should strategically orchestrate knowledge governance mechanisms within CSSC networks to leverage KI behaviours.

Originality/value

Current literature on KNI, KI and KG within CSSC networks offers a limited understanding of how KI behaviours influence KNI of project-based organizations (PBOs) in tapping vibrant outbound peripheral knowledge. The research presents two major original contributions. First, the empirical evidence contributes to deepening the current understanding of how heterogeneous external knowledge within consultant-supplier interactions is negatively influenced by KI. Lastly, the study suggests formal and informal knowledge governance strategies for managers on how to counteract KI forces, thus extending the theoretical debate on KNI, KI and KG literature.
Improving placement learning at scale: a case study evaluation
Authors: Hains-Wesson Rachael , Ji Kaiying
Published: January 2024

Purpose

In this study, the authors explore students' and industry’s perceptions about the challenges and opportunities of participating in a large-scale, non-compulsory, individual, in-person and unpaid business placement programme at an Australian university. The placement programme aims to support students' workplace transition by emphasising the development of key employability skills through reflective learning and linking theory to practice.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilising a case study methodology and integrating survey questionnaires, the authors collected both quantitative and qualitative data with large sample sizes.

Findings

The results highlight curriculum areas for improvement, emphasising tailored feedback to manage placement expectations and addressing employability skill strengths and weaknesses.

Practical implications

Recommendations include co-partnering with students to develop short, tailored and hot tip videos along with online learning modules, including the presentation of evidence-based statistics to inform students about post-programme employment prospects.

Originality/value

The study contributes to benchmarking good practices in non-compulsory, individual, in-person and unpaid placement pedagogy within the business education context.
A metrics-driven approach for customer experience management evaluation: the case of commercial banks in developing countries
Authors: Mousavi Parisa , Shamizanjani Mehdi , Rahimnia Fariborz , Mehraeen Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Customer experience management (CXM), which aims to achieve and maintain customers' long-term loyalty, has attracted the attention of many organizations. Improving customer experience management in organizations requires that, first, their relevant capabilities be evaluated. The present study aimed to offer a set of key performance indicators for evaluating customer experience management in commercial banks.

Design/methodology/approach

The study, first, attempted to identify the components of evaluating customer experience management by reviewing the related literature and conducting interviews with experts. Then, the extracted components were transformed into assessable metrics using the goal question metric method, and the key performance indicators relevant to customer experience management in commercial banks were selected according to the experts' opinions and the Fuzzy Delphi method.

Findings

According to the findings of the study, 21 key performance indicators were identified for customer experience management in commercial banks, and customer satisfaction, the mean number of calls to resolve an issue in customer journey touchpoints, the NPS, and the ratio of the budget allocated to the CXM department to the budget of the marketing department were found as the most significant performance indicator according to banking experts.

Originality/value

The present study was among the first research projects intended to evaluate CXM and offer key performance indicators that could help the managers of commercial banks assess the maturity levels of their CXM.
‘A Musical Bouquet for the Ladies’: Gendered Markets for Printed Music in Eighteenth‐Century England
Authors: Bridge Dominic James Ruggier
Published: January 2024

This article explores how music publishers recruited the gendered expectations of musical practice to market their scores to male and female audiences. It shows how the graphic and textual elements of title pages and prefaces were used as promotional material and reveals how publishers encoded gendered representations of music making into their printed editions in order to navigate the social worlds in which they were consumed. The opening section will discuss how music publishers appropriated images of courtship scenes on the title pages of keyboard tutors (to market their scores towards young women) and explain how prefaces could be used to placate the feminine associations of musical practice to help publishers sell to a male audience. The discussion will then turn to the concept of gift giving, explaining how graphic imagery could be used to place the score at the centre of elite romantic interactions, modelling expected commercial behaviours.
Corporate non‐financial misconduct and accounting conservatism
Authors: Yang Yinan , Liu Wei
Published: January 2024

This study shows that shareholders demand a higher level of conservatism when the firm commits non‐financial misconduct. This positive relationship between corporate non‐financial misconduct and accounting conservatism is more pronounced for firms with higher information asymmetry, worse financial conditions and greater monitoring by shareholders. Further analyses reveal that corporate non‐financial misconduct is associated with less efficient managerial control over operations, lower employee satisfaction, worse performance and higher information uncertainties in the future. These results are robust to alternative measures, endogeneity concerns and controls for the potential influence arising from financial misconduct and internal control weakness.
The effectiveness of pollen allergen immunotherapy on allergic rhinitis over 18 years: A national cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Bager Peter , Poulsen Gry , Wohlfahrt Jan , Melbye Mads
Published: January 2024

Background

Because long‐term effectiveness of pollen allergen immune therapy (AIT) for allergic rhinitis (AR) is not well‐described, we studied effectiveness over 18 years in Denmark.

Methods

A register‐based cohort study using data on filled prescriptions, 1995–2016, Denmark. In a cohort of 1.1 million intranasal corticosteroid inhaler users (proxy for AR), we matched users treated with grass, birch or mugwort AIT 1:2 with non‐treated users on baseline year and 24 characteristics in the 3 years prior to baseline. The primary outcome was the odds ratio (OR) of using anti‐allergic nasal inhaler during the pollen season in the treated versus non‐treated group by years since baseline.

Results

Among 7760 AR patients treated with pollen AIT, the OR of using nasal inhaler 0–5 years after baseline was reduced when compared with 15,520 non‐treated AR individuals (0–2 years, OR 0.84 (0.81–0.88); 3–5 years, OR 0.88 (0.84–0.92)), but was close to unity or higher thereafter (6–9 years, OR 1.03 (0.97–1.08); 10–18 years, OR 1.18 (1.11–1.26)). In post hoc analyses, results were more consistent for those who already had 3 of 3 baseline years of use, and in patients using nasal inhaler in the latest pollen season (0–2 years, OR 0.76 (0.72–0.79); 3–5 years OR 0.86 (0.81–0.93); 6–9 years, OR 0.94 (0.87–1.02); 10–18 years, OR 0.94 (0.86–1.04)) as opposed to no such use.

Conclusions

Patients treated with pollen AIT in routine care to a higher degree stopped using anti‐allergic nasal inhaler 0–5 years after starting the standard 3 years of therapy, and not beyond 5 years. Post hoc analyses suggested effectiveness was more consistent among patients with persistent AR.
Editorial: Extending upadacitinib induction dosing in ulcerative colitis—A delicate balance of efficacy and safety. Author's reply
Authors: Panaccione Remo
Published: January 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Panaccione et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17816 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17829
Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of adult aplastic anaemia: A British Society for Haematology Guideline
Authors: Kulasekararaj Austin , Cavenagh Jamie , Dokal Inderjeet , Foukaneli Theodora , Gandhi Shreyans , Garg Mamta , Griffin Morag , Hillmen Peter , Ireland Robin , Killick Sally , Mansour Sahar , Mufti Ghulam , Potter Victoria , Snowden John , Stanworth Simon , Zuha Roslin , Marsh Judith ,   the BSH Committee
Published: January 2024

Pancytopenia with hypocellular bone marrow is the hallmark of aplastic anaemia (AA) and the diagnosis is confirmed after careful evaluation, following exclusion of alternate diagnosis including hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndromes. Emerging use of molecular cyto‐genomics is helpful in delineating immune mediated AA from inherited bone marrow failures (IBMF). Camitta criteria is used to assess disease severity, which along with age and availability of human leucocyte antigen compatible donor are determinants for therapeutic decisions. Supportive care with blood and platelet transfusion support, along with anti‐microbial prophylaxis and prompt management of opportunistic infections remain key throughout the disease course. The standard first‐line treatment for newly diagnosed acquired severe/very severe AA patients is horse anti‐thymocyte globulin and ciclosporin‐based immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with eltrombopag or allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) from a matched sibling donor. Unrelated donor HSCT in adults should be considered after lack of response to IST, and up front for young adults with severe infections and a readily available matched unrelated donor. Management of IBMF, AA in pregnancy and in elderly require special attention. In view of the rarity of AA and complexity of management, appropriate discussion in multidisciplinary meetings and involvement of expert centres is strongly recommended to improve patient outcomes.
Evaluation of the Treatment Programme for Families with Children in Andalusia: An analysis of the impact on the children
Authors: Sánchez‐Sandoval Yolanda , López‐Verdugo Isabel , Mielgo Francisco , Gómez‐Ortiz Olga
Published: January 2024

The Treatment Programme for Families with Children in Andalusia is fundamentally aimed at promoting the integral development of children and adolescents through the strengthening of parental competences and family preservation strategies. In the last 20 years, this programme has been applied to over 75 000 families, involving about 150 000 children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of this family intervention programme on the quality of life and behaviour problems of the children. This quasi‐experimental and longitudinal study had two non‐randomized groups (intervention group and comparison group) and two evaluation measures (pre‐treatment and post‐treatment). The intervention group was constituted by 297 families (540 children) who had participated in the programme. The comparison group consisted of 95 families (138 children) at a similar risk level, although these families had not participated in the programme. The results showed a significant improvement in the quality of life of the children of the families that belonged to the intervention group, which was significantly greater than the evolution detected in the children of the families that belonged to the comparison group. The results of efficacy and efficiency of this type of practice constitute a quality criterion of evidence‐based programmes and a requirement to maintain public investment.
Social science and teams: a patient perspective
Authors: Ostroff Cheri
Published: January 2024

Teamwork is fundamental for providing high quality care and providing positive experiences for patients. Concepts from organisational behaviour and social science are integrated with a patient perspective to elucidate how various aspects of teams impact on the patient experience. Particular attention is devoted to the team composition, the interaction and communication patterns among team members, how teams are structured, coordination among team members, facilitating a positive team climate, and considering patients as a member of the team.
The influence of feeding station location on the space use and behavior of reintroduced 'alalā: Causes and consequences
Authors: Greggor Alison L. , Sheppard James , Masuda Bryce , Gaudioso‐Levita Jacqueline , Swaisgood Ronald R.
Published: January 2024

Supplemental feeding is a common soft‐release strategy for increasing settlement, survival, and breeding in animals after translocation. However, supplemental feeding can also hinder natural patterns of dispersal or influence social interactions. Some drawbacks of feeding can be mitigated if feeding stations can function as management tools for directing animals' movement, for example, by guiding them toward wild food resources or prospective territories while directing them away from potential threats, for example, predator hotspots or urban/agricultural centers. However, these effects may not work equally across individuals or habitat types. For species such as 'alalā (Corvus hawaiiensis), Hawaii's last living corvid, being able to manipulate space use via supplemental feeders could improve reintroduction outcomes. We determined if and how feeding stations influence a released population of 'alalā by strategically moving feeders across varying distances and habitat types, while measuring how quickly birds discovered new feeders and how their space use changed. We found that 'alalā discovered feeders more rapidly in closed as opposed to open canopy habitat, and feeder movement influenced how far 'alalā ranged, especially in afternoon periods. Sex, social network position, and individual home range size did not predict feeder discovery. These insights offer lessons for using supplemental feeding when managing reintroductions.
Domestic Agents: Dowries, homes, and infrastructures in Iran
Authors: Zaferani Azadeh
Published: January 2024

While framing the importance of everyday life as a drive for institutional exhibitions, this paper investigates the process of home making in Tehran from 1925 to 2013. The period 1925–1979 marks the rule of the Pahlavi dynasty when modernization was systematically implemented in Iran. This period ended with the Iranian revolution, which laid the foundation for a welfare state, which in spite of great promises declined in essence at the end of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's presidency in 2013 when the country moved towards privatization while welcoming non‐Western imperialism. Using domestic objects and cultural rituals, the investigation reveals how the domestic realm reflects local and global politics that have shaped the country for the last hundred years. The paper argues that the domestic realm has been a significant everyday context for mediating two grounds simultaneously: On the one hand, it pursues central planning strategies to secure various states' political gains; and, on the other, it serves as a platform for tactics that resist these strategies through spatial and material expressions.
Gender in children's literature and kindergartener's responses to gender in interactive read‐alouds
Authors: Yigit‐Gencten Vahide , Gultekin Mehmet , Ozen Uyar Rabia , Aydemir Filiz
Published: January 2024

The underrepresentation of women and the perpetuation of gender stereotypes in children's literature has long been a concern. This study examined the portrayal of women in children's picture books and the potential of interactive read‐alouds to promote gender equity in early childhood education, with the aim of shedding light on gender inequality. This study used critical discourse analysis, theoretically informed by Rosenblatt's transactional theory and gender schema theory, to analyse 19 books and interactive read‐aloud sessions between preservice teachers and children in six preschools. The results showed that books on women's inequality are discussed in three categories: the absence of female characters, gendered discourse, and the perpetuation of traditional women/maternal roles. Using examples from children's interactions, this study highlights the need for critical thinking about gender stereotypes and promoting gender equity in early childhood education. This study contributes to the literature on gender inequality in children's literature and provides practical implications for early childhood educators by emphasizing their critical role in promoting gender equity in children's learning and development.
Prevalence of orofacial pain in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Macedo Arthur C. , Bitencourt Fernando Valentim , Faria André Oliveira Vilela de , Bizzi Isabella Harb , Durço Daniella de Freitas Pereira Ângelo , Azevedo Claudia Britto , Morris Martin , Ferreira Karen dos Santos , De Souza Leonardo Cruz , Velly Ana Miriam
Published: January 2024

Background

This systematic review investigated the prevalence of orofacial pain in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.

Materials and methods

The search was conducted in five databases (Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL, Scopus and LILACS), in three grey literature sources and in included articles' reference lists. Three independent reviewers performed study selection, quality appraisal and data extraction. The risk of bias was assessed with the National Institutes of Health tool. Prevalence was calculated using the random‐effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were used to explore the heterogeneity of results.

Results

The database and grey literature search led to 12 246 results, from which nine studies were included; a further four were selected through citation searching. The total sample comprised 6115 patients with dementia and 84 with MCI. All studies had high risk of bias. The overall estimated pooled prevalence of orofacial pain among dementia participants was 19.0% (95% CI, 11.0%‐27.0%; I
2, 97.1%, P < .001). Only one study included MCI participants, among which the prevalence of orofacial pain was 20.5%. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the different sources of diagnosis might explain the heterogeneity. A higher prevalence of orofacial pain was observed in dementia participants aged over 80 years or living in nursing homes. Meta‐regression analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between age and the prevalence of orofacial pain.

Conclusions

The pooled data from the primary studies revealed that 2 out of 10 patients with dementia have orofacial pain. Further research is needed to clarify the magnitude in individuals with MCI.
Non‐surgical correction of knee flexion deformity in persons with haemophilia: A staged multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Tilak Merlyn , John Judy Ann , Paul Arun , Srivastava Anumeha , Singh Divya , Rajendran Andriya , Thakkar Prince , Cherian Naveen , Albert Sandeep , Poonnoose Pradeep , Singh Abraham Sunder , Lakshmi Kavitha M. , Fouzia Nambiathayil Abubacker , Abraham Aby , Srivastava Alok
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Flexion deformity of the knee is a common complication following recurrent haemarthrosis in persons with haemophilia (PWH) on episodic factor replacement therapy, restricting independent mobility. There is limited literature on the comprehensive management of this condition. This report provides the outcome of a staged multidisciplinary approach for the correction of knee flexion deformity (KFD) even in limited resource settings.

Patients and methods

The data of 49 consecutive PWH who were treated for KFD were analysed. The approach included graded physical therapy (PT), followed by serial casting and/or mobilisation under anaesthesia (MUA). MUA was done in carefully selected knees. Surgical correction was opted when non‐surgical methods failed.

Results

Of the 49 patients (55 knees), with a median KFD of 40 degrees (range: 10–90), 26/55 (47%) were corrected by graded PT. With serial casting, 9/19 (47%) knees had their KFD corrected. MUA was done for 11 knees of which five achieved correction (45%). Surgical correction was required for only seven knees (12.7%). Following this approach, KFD improved from 40 degrees (range: 10–90) to 15 degrees (range: 0–40), with only minor loss of flexion from 105 (range: 60–155) to 90 degrees (range: 30–150). Out of 55 KFD, 46 (83.6%) KFD were corrected; non‐surgical, 39 (70.9%) and surgery, seven (12.7%). The remaining patients (nine KFD; 16.4%) were able to achieve their functional goal despite not meeting the correction criteria.

Conclusion

This study shows that in PWH, functionally significant KFD correction can be achieved in about 71%, through non‐surgical methods, even without prophylactic factor replacement.
Fostering metacognitive activities during job search: The Three Good Job Search Things intervention
Authors: Stremersch Jolien , Van Hoye Greet
Published: January 2024

Based on principles from positive psychology and broaden‐and‐build theory, we examined whether conducting a Three Good Job Search Things intervention can increase metacognitive activities among job seekers. We further theorize that positive affect (i.e., activating and deactivating) serves as a mediating mechanism for the effect of the reflection intervention on metacognitive activities. We designed a randomized control group pretest–posttest experimental study with three groups (i.e., Three Good Job Search Things, active control, and passive control) and two measurement times (N = 116). Results show that the Three Good Job Search Things intervention increased job seekers' metacognitive activities as compared with the passive control group, but not as compared to the active control group. However, the active control group results did not differ significantly from the passive control group. The effects of the intervention on job seekers' metacognitive activities were not mediated by enhanced positive affect. This study contributes to the job search literature by expanding our understanding of how metacognition during job search can be improved by reflecting upon one's job search process.
The efficacy and safety of fexuprazan in treating erosive esophagitis: a phase III, randomized, double‐blind, multicenter study
Authors: Zhuang Qianjun , Liao Aijun , He Qingling , Liu Chengxia , Zheng Changqing , Li Xing , Liu Youli , Wang Bangmao , Liu Side , Zhang Yan , Lin Rong , Chen Huixin , Deng Min , Tang Yanping , He Chiyi , Dai Weijie , Tang Haitao , Gong Lei , Li Liangping , Xu Baohong , Yang Changqing , Zhou Bingxi , Su Dongxing , Guo Qinghong , Li Bin , Zhou Yongjian , Wang Xiaoyang , Fei Sujuan , Wu Huili , Wei Sichen , Peng Zhihong , Wang Jianning , Li Yanqing , Wang Hong , Deng Tianwei , Ding Shigang , Li Fangfang , Chen Minhu , Xiao Yinglian
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim

Fexuprazan is a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker (P‐CAB). This study aimed to explore the noninferior efficacy and safety of fexuprazan to esomeprazole in treating erosive esophagitis (EE).

Methods

This was a phase III, randomized, double‐blind multicenter study. Patients with endoscopically confirmed EE were randomized to receive fexuprazan 40 mg or esomeprazole 40 mg once a daily for 4–8 weeks. The healing rates of EE, symptom response, GERD‐health‐related quality life (GERD‐HRQL), and treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were compared between fexuprazan group and esomeprazole group.

Results

A total of 332 subjects were included in full analysis set (FAS) and 311 in per‐protocol set (PPS). The healing rates of fexuprazan and esomeprazole groups at 8 weeks were 88.5% (146/165) and 89.0% (145/163), respectively, in FAS and 97.3% (145/149) and 97.9% (143/146), respectively, in PPS. Noninferiority of fexuprazan compared with esomeprazole according to EE healing rates at 8 weeks was demonstrated in both FAS and PPS analysis. No significant difference was found between groups in EE healing rates at 4 weeks, symptom responses, and changes of GERD‐HRQL. The incidence of drug‐related AEs was 19.4% (32/165) in fexuprazan arm and 19.6% (32/163) in esomeprazole arm.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated noninferior efficacy of fexuprazan to esomeprazole in treating EE. The incidence of TEAEs was similar between fexuprazan and esomeprazole.

Trial registration number NCT05813561.
Carbon footprint and cost reduction by endoscopic grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia using narrow‐band imaging
Authors: Cho Jun‐Hyung , Jin So‐Young , Park Suyeon
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim

Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is a high‐risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Narrow‐band imaging (NBI) enables endoscopic grading of GIM (EGGIM). In the era of climate change, gastrointestinal endoscopists are expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and medical waste. Based on the diagnostic performance of NBI endoscopy, this study measured the environmental impact and reduced cost of implementing EGGIM during gastroscopy.

Methods

Using NBI endoscopy in 242 patients, EGGIM classification and operative link on GIM (OLGIM) staging were prospectively performed in five different areas (lesser and greater curvatures of the corpus and antrum, and the incisura angularis). We estimated the environmental impact and cost reduction of the biopsy procedures and pathological processing if EGGIM were used instead of OLGIM.

Results

The diagnostic accuracy of NBI endoscopy for GIM was 93.0–97.1% depending on the gastric area. When a high EGGIM score ≥ 5 was the cut‐off value for predicting OLGIM stages III–IV, the area under the curve was 0.862, sensitivity was 81.9%, and specificity was 90.4%. The reduction in the carbon footprint by EGGIM was −0.4059 kg carbon dioxide equivalents per patient, equivalent to 1 mile driven by a gasoline‐powered car. The cost savings were calculated to be $47.36 per patient.

Conclusions

EGGIM is a reliable method for identifying high‐risk gastric cancer patients, thereby reducing the carbon footprint and medical costs in endoscopy practice.
Trade‐Off Theory for Dual Holders
Authors: LINDSET SNORRE , NYGÅRD GUTTORM , PERSSON SVEIN‐ARNE
Published: January 2024

A dual holder simultaneously owns (private) debt and equity in the same firm. Private debt has a tax advantage, a positive cashflow, which incentivizes its use. This cashflow leads to a lower net cost of debt, which again reduces default risk as well as the cost of external debt. The usual trade‐off between tax benefits and bankruptcy costs is altered. Debt priority affects both financing and default decisions. We find that an enterprise‐value maximizing firm should issue senior, external debt and junior, private debt, rather than debt with pari‐passu priority. Our analysis further highlights that tax authorities can effectively curtail the tax‐motivated use of private debt through straightforward measures.
Precautionary Money Demand in a Cash‐in‐Advance Model
Authors: SALAS SERGIO
Published: January 2024

While numerous studies in monetary economics explore inflation, interest rates, stock returns, and money velocity, a model seamlessly linking these interactions remains elusive. One crucial omission in this literature is idiosyncratic precautionary money demand, a prominent feature in the data. This paper addresses this gap by presenting a simple model where precautionary money demand arises from heterogeneous household liquidity needs. Despite its intricate heterogeneity, the model allows straightforward aggregation, enabling analysis of its implications for household portfolios composed of cash, government bonds, and equities. The empirical analysis spans the period 1959.I–2022.I. Notably, the model captures crucial time‐series properties that models without the idiosyncratic element fail to achieve.
Mesenteric fibrosis in patients with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors is associated with enrichment of alpha‐smooth muscle actin‐positive fibrosis and COMP‐expressing stromal cells
Authors: Graf Sebastian D. , Keber Corinna U. , Hattesohl Akira , Teply‐Szymanski Julia , Hattesohl Sophia , Guder Marc , Gercke Norman , Di Fazio Pietro , Slater Emily P. , Jesinghaus Moritz , Denkert Carsten , Bartsch Detlef K. , Lehman Bettina
Published: January 2024

Neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine (SI‐NETs) often develop lymph node metastasis (LNM)‐induced mesenteric fibrosis (MF). MF can cause intestinal obstruction as well as ischemia and render surgical resection technically challenging. The underlying pathomechanisms of MF are still not well understood. We examined mesenteric LNM and the surrounding stroma compartment from 24 SI‐NET patients, including 11 with in situ presentation of strong MF (MF+) and 13 without MF (MF−). Differential gene expression was assessed with the HTG EdgeSeq Oncology Biomarker Panel comparing MF+ with MF− within LNM and paired stromal samples, respectively. Most interesting differentially expressed genes were validated by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) in combination with validation of associated protein levels utilizing immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of MF+ and MF– formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) patient samples. Overall, 14 genes measured with a 2549‐gene expression panel were differentially expressed in MF+ patients compared to MF−. Of those, nine were differentially expressed genes in LNM and five genes in the stromal tissue (>2‐fold change, p < .05). The top hits included increased COMP and COL11A1 expression in the stroma of MF+ patients compared to MF−, as well as decreased HMGA2, COL6A6, and SLC22A3 expression in LNM of MF+ patients compared to LNM of MF− patients. RT‐qPCR confirmed high levels of COMP and COL11A1 in stroma samples of MF+ compared to MF− patients. IHC staining confirmed the enrichment of α‐smooth muscle actin‐positive fibrosis in MF+ compared to MF− patients with corresponding increase of COMP‐expressing stromal cells in MF+. Since COMP is associated with the known driver for fibrosis development transforming growth factor beta and with a cancer‐associated fibroblasts enriched environment, it seems to be a promising new target for MF research.
Empowered or overwhelmed? Procrastination extinguishes the positive effects of work flexibility on work–family conflict
Authors: Boyar Scott L. , Smit Brandon W. , Maertz Carl P.
Published: January 2024

Providing flexibility at work is the most pervasive tool for organizations to help employees manage the work–family (WF) interface. Extant research, however, indicates that flexibility does not consistently reduce WF conflict. This paper reports on two studies that contribute to our understanding of how, and for whom, perceived work flexibility improves these outcomes. We extend work on the mechanisms by which flexibility influences outcomes and extend conservation of resources theory using choice overload theory to understand the boundaries of flexibility as a positive resource, specifically, in the form of procrastination. In Study 1, we found that perceived work flexibility was negatively related to subjective work demand for those low on procrastination. In Study 2, we replicate these effects and extend them by finding that effects of flexibility on WF conflict were mediated by its influence on subjective work demand. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research and practice around flexibility in the WF interface.
Pain in your day? Get sleep treatment anyway! The role of pain in insomnia treatment efficacy in women veterans
Authors: Erickson Alexander J. , Ravyts Scott G. , Dzierzewski Joseph M. , Carlson Gwendolyn C. , Kelly Monica R. , Song Yeonsu , McGowan Sarah Kate , Mitchell Michael N. , Washington Donna L. , Yano Elizabeth M. , Alessi Cathy A. , Martin Jennifer L.
Published: January 2024

Insomnia and pain disorders are among the most common conditions affecting United States adults and veterans, and their comorbidity can cause detrimental effects to quality of life among other factors. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia and related behavioural therapies are recommended treatments for insomnia, but chronic pain may hinder treatment benefit. Prior research has not addressed how pain impacts the effects of behavioural insomnia treatment in United States women veterans. Using data from a comparative effectiveness clinical trial of two insomnia behavioural treatments (both including sleep restriction, stimulus control, and sleep hygiene education), we examined the impact of pain severity and pain interference on sleep improvements from baseline to post‐treatment and 3‐month follow‐up. We found no significant moderation effects of pain severity or interference in the relationship between treatment phase and sleep outcomes. Findings highlight opportunities for using behavioural sleep interventions in patients, particularly women veterans, with comorbid pain and insomnia, and highlight areas for future research.
Effect of volume of instillate on the diagnostic utility of bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan in patients with suspected chronic pulmonary aspergillosis—A pilot study
Authors: Ajayababu Anuj , Singh Gagandeep , Meena Ved Prakash , Upadhyay Ashish Datt , Rana Bhaskar , Sethi Prayas , Prakash Bindu , Singh Amandeep , Vyas Surabhi , Sinha Sanjeev , Xess Immaculata , Wig Naveet , Kabra Sushil Kumar , Ray Animesh
Published: January 2024

Background

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) galactomannan (GM) is commonly used to diagnose Aspergillus‐related lung diseases. However, unlike serum GM, which is measured in undiluted blood, BAL‐GM is estimated using variable aliquots and cumulative volume of instillates during bronchoscopy.

Objective

Since different studies have reported varying diagnostic accuracy and cut‐offs for BAL‐GM in CPA, we hypothesized that the total volume of instillate and ‘order/label’ of aliquots significantly affects the BAL‐GM values, which was evaluated as part of this study.

Patients & Methods

We obtained 250 BAL samples from 50 patients (five from each) with suspected chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. BAL fluid was collected after instilling sequential volumes of 40 mL of normal saline each for the first four labels and a fifth label was prepared by mixing 1 mL from each of the previous labels. The GM level of each label was measured by PLATELIA™ ASPERGILLUS Ag enzyme immunoassay. This study measured the discordance, level of agreement, diagnostic characteristics (sensitivity, specificity and AUROC) and best cut‐offs for BAL‐GM in the different aliquots of lavage fluid.

Results

The study population, classified into CPA (28%) and non‐CPA (72%) groups, based on ERS/ESCMID criteria (excluding BAL‐GM) were not different with respect to clinico‐radiological characteristics. The discordance of BAL‐GM positivity (using a cut‐off of >1) between the serial labels for the same patient ranged between 10% and 22%, while the discordance between classification using BAL‐GM positivity (using a cut‐off of ≥1) and clinic‐radio‐microbiological classification ranged between 18% and 30%. The level of agreement for serial labels was at best fair (<0.6 for all except one ‘label’). The AUROC for the serial samples ranged between 0.595 and 0.702, with the ‘40 mL and the ‘mix’ samples performing the best. The best BAL‐GM cut‐off also showed significant variation between serial labels of varying dilutions (Range:1.01 ‐ 4.26).

Interpretation

This study highlights the variation in BAL‐GM measured and the ‘positivity’ between different ‘labels’ of aliquots of BAL, with the first aliquot and the mixed sample showing the best performances for diagnosis of CPA. Future studies should attempt to ‘standardise’ the instilled volume for BAL‐GM estimation to standardise the diagnostic yield.