bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near-maximally swimming schoolmaster snapper (Lutjanus apodus) have a greater metabolic capacity, and only a slightly lower thermal tolerance, than when tested at rest
Authors: Nati Julie J. H. , Malorey Peter , Gamperl Anthony K.
Published: October 2024

To assess the relationship among various measures of thermal tolerance and performance suggested for use in fish, we determined the critical thermal maximum (CTmax), critical swimming speed (Ucrit), maximum thermal tolerance while swimming [CTSmax] and realistic aerobic scope (ASR) of juvenile schoolmaster snapper (Lutjanus apodus). Their CTSmax (37.5±0.1°C) was only slightly lower than their CTmax (38.9±0.1°C) and this is probably because their maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and ASR during the former test were ∼42 and 65% higher, respectively. Furthermore, we did not observe a transition to unsteady (i.e. anaerobically fueled) swimming in the CTSmax test as we did in the Ucrit protocol. These data strongly suggest that thermal tolerance tests on fishes whose lifestyle involves schooling or sustained activity should be performed at ecologically relevant swimming speeds. Our results do not support the hypothesis that failure during a CTSmax test is due to a fish's inability to meet its tissue oxygen demands.
Building resilience of the Ghanaian healthcare system: Lessons from a global health stage: Preparedness for the next pandemic: A scoping review
Authors: Ankomah Martin , Abor Patience Aseweh , Karamagi Humphrey
Published: October 2024

Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the need for resilient health systems. However, Ghana does not seem to achieve commensurate results, suggesting potential gaps in critical interventions. This study examines these gaps by drawing on global experiences to guide Ghana's preparedness for future emergencies. Methods A scoping review based on the synthesis of published journal articles and grey literature was used to gather relevant evidence to address the study’s objective. Peer-reviewed literature searches were conducted in databases, including Medline, Scopus, and Health Sources, supplemented by searches on organizational websites to identify grey literature. We adopted the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) framework to explore how health systems responded to the COVID-19 pandemic globally and draw lessons for strengthening Ghana's health system resilience. We analyzed policy responses in three main areas: pandemic preparedness, crisis management, and response and recovery. Results Ten strategies emerged from the study as critical in strengthening health system resilience against future pandemics. These strategies include whole-of-government engagement, financing for preparedness, community engagement and trust, robust surveillance systems, emergency medical care, diverse workforce development, digital health integration, critical health infrastructure, well-planned commodities/products, and social capital. Each strategy plays a vital role in enhancing preparedness, response, and recovery efforts, highlighting the multifaceted approach needed to mitigate the impact of future pandemics on health systems. Conclusions The identified strategies align with the attributes of a resilient healthcare system. By adopting these strategies, Ghana can build a resilient healthcare system that effectively addresses future challenges, guided by global insights and experiences.
The development of novel score model as a predictor of in-hospital mortality of adult cardiac surgery patients in Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawaty Juni , Setianto Budi Yuli , Supomo Supomo , Widyastuti Yunita , Boom Cindy Elfira
Published: October 2024

Introduction In recent years, the number of cardiac surgeries has been on the rise. Several predictive models have been developed to assess the risk of mortality for these patients. EuroSCORE II, a widely used model, demonstrates good discrimination and calibration for the European population, but its accuracy may vary in the Indonesian population. The purpose of this study was to develop a scoring model tailored to Indonesian population, which may have better accuracy in assessing in-hospital mortality risk among adult cardiac surgery patients. Method A retrospective study was conducted using medical records of adult cardiac surgery patients from four participating hospitals. Potential risk factors were included as variables and analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression with the L-backward method. Bootstrapping was applied to enhance the model’s validity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created for each model, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to assess discrimination ability, while the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate calibration. Results We extracted data from 4,875 patients, with a mean age of 50.41 years, and most patients were men (63.1%). The majority of patients were in NYHA class I-II. The in-hospital mortality rate was 6.5%. From 62 potential variables, 13 variables were included in the final model. Our new model demonstrated strong discrimination and calibration (AUC 0.7564; Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.9510). Conclusion The newly developed scoring model exhibited good discrimination and calibration, making it a promising tool for predicting in-hospital mortality in adult cardiac surgery patients in Indonesia.
Case Report: Delayed Diagnosis of Leprosy-Related Neuropathic Ulcer, Insights from a Case of Delay to Diagnose across Four Clinical Settings
Authors: Yusuf Saldy
Published: October 2024

Background Neuropathy is common in both Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Leprosy, often resulting in neuropathic ulcers. Leprosy-related neuropathic ulcers are frequently misdiagnosed as DM-related, causing delays in appropriate care. This case report underscores the importance of timely recognition and a better understanding of Leprosy-related neuropathic ulcers to prevent misdiagnosis and improve patient outcomes. Methods The case report adopt the CARE Guidelines and was conducted at the Wound Care Specialist Clinic, Griya Afiat, Makassar, East Indonesia. Data were collected using a Minimum Data Sheet (MDS) to capture demographics, health history, and history of treatments. A head-to-toe assessment focused on the eyes, hands, and feet, with neuropathy, confirmed using the Semmes Weinstein Monofilament test, and angiopathy was assessed by palpating the dorsal pedis and posterior tibialis pulse. Wound care interventions consisted of cleansing, debridement, and dressing. Given the similarities between Leprosy-related neuropathic ulcers and DM-related neuropathic ulcers, the DMIST (depth, maceration, inflammation/infection, size, tissue type of the wound bed, type of wound edge, and tunnelling/undermining) tool was used to evaluate wound healing progress. Results Anamnesis indicated patient has no DM, with normal blood glucose; however, the patient had neuropathic wounds on her feet, asymmetrical eyebrow distribution, and rashes on her hands and calves, with neuropathy confirmed by a monofilament test—initial treatment involved Cadexomer Iodine powder to control bacterial growth and Honey-based gel to promote granulation. Over 62 days, 11 treatments were administered, with an average dressing change every 5.6 days, which improved the DMIST score from 12 to 4 by the end of observation day. Conclusions This case report highlights the significance of distinguishing leprosy-related neuropathic ulcers from those associated with DM to ensure accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. By employing comprehensive assessment tools and targeted wound care interventions, significant improvements in wound healing were achieved, emphasizing the need for greater awareness and clinical vigilance in managing Leprosy-related neuropathic ulcers.
Effectiveness of a multidimensional collaborative approach versus usual care in the treatment of adult depression in primary care in Chile: study protocol for a single blinded cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: VITRIOL VERONICA , CANCINO ALFREDO , SCIOLLA ANDRES , GUIÑEZ SERGIO , CALVO JORGE , ORMAZABAL MARCELA , KREITHER JOHANNA , BALLESTEROS SOLEDAD , AYLWIN MARIA DE LA LUZ
Published: October 2024

Background Major depression (MD) is a prevalent and disabling condition in Chile, with most cases being treated at the primary care level. In Chilean primary care, the authors have identified key factors associated with more complex presentations of MD and a poorer prognosis, such as a history of childhood trauma, suicidality, and comorbidities. These findings underscore the need for a multidimensional, trauma-informed, and interprofessional approach to the treatment of depression. Methods This protocol is a two-arm, single-blinded, cluster RCT to compare the effectiveness of a collaborative multidimensional approach for depression (CMAD) versus usual care to treat MD in primary care clinics in Chile. In total, 394 depressed adults from 18 to 65 years of age in twelve clinics located in Chile’s Maule Region will be consented to participate in the study. Patients and care teams from each clinic will be randomized to the intervention or to the control arm. Interprofessional teams in the intervention arm will attend 27 hours of didactic and active learning sessions focused on clinical competences to effectively engage, treat and follow up patients with the factors associated to the complex presentation of MD. Team in the control arm will receive 27 didactic sessions on current clinical guidelines for MD. Patients of both arms will be blindly assessed at baseline, three months, and six months. The primary outcome will be the reduction in depressive symptoms, with secondary outcomes including improvements in anxiety symptoms, interpersonal and social functioning, and treatment adherence. Discussion This protocol proposes the evaluation of an intervention designed to improve depression symptoms by enhancing the clinical competencies of primary care teams. These competencies are structured around collaborative care and trauma-informed practices. Trial registration NCT05016388, registered on 16 August 2021 at ClinicalTrials.gov.
Looking at Social Interactions in Medical Education with Dual Eye-Tracking Technology: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lorenz Johannes , Zevano Juliane , Otto Nils , Schneider Bertrand , Papan Cihan , Missler Markus , Darici Dogus
Published: October 2024

Purpose Social interactions are fundamental to effective medical practice, yet assessing these complex dynamics in educational settings remains challenging. This review critically examines the emerging use of dual eye-tracking technology as a novel method to quantify, analyze, and enhance social interactions within medical education contexts. Materials and Methods We performed a scoping review of the literature, focusing on studies that utilized dual eye-tracking within medical education contexts. Our search included multiple databases and journals. We extracted information on technical setups, areas of application, participant characteristics, dual eye-tracking metrics, and main findings. Results Ten studies published between 2012 and 2021 met the inclusion criteria, with 90% utilizing dual screen-based- and 10% dual mobile eye-tracking. All studies were conducted in the context of surgical training, primarily focusing on laparoscopic surgery. We identified two main applications of dual eye-tracking: (1) as an educational intervention to improve collaboration, (2) as a diagnostic tool to identify interaction pattern that were associated with learning. Key metrics included joint visual attention, gaze delay and joint mental effort. Conclusion Dual eye-tracking offers a promising technology for enhancing medical education by providing high-resolution, real-time data on social interactions. However, current research is limited by small sample sizes, outdated technology, and a narrow focus on surgical contexts. We discuss the broader implications and potential for medical education research and practice.
Detection of Axial Locations of Control Rods Using Movable In-core Detectors
Authors: Timpano Daniele , Kolbe Edwin , Soubelet Benoit
Published: October 2024

Background Reactivity control in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) relies on Rod Cluster Control Assemblies (RCCAs), or control rods (CRs), and boric acid diluted in primary circuit water. The control rods’ axial location inside the reactor core is typically provided by means of two redundant systems: the Rod Positioning Indicator (RPI) and the Rod Control System (RCS). Methods The current work focuses on the development of an additional method for the detection of control rod axial location inside the reactor core of a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) using the Advanced Flux Mapping System (AFMS) and its Movable In-core Detectors (MIDS). The paper presents the methodology employed and the results of the first validation campaigns. Results Two validation campaigns were carried out, targeting respectively equilibrium and non-equilibrium xenon axial distribution. The routine proved successful in identifying control rods’ axial insertion in different operating conditions including Flux Maps (FMs) acquired at 2%, 50% and 75% power. Conclusions The routine developed at Beznau Nuclear Power Plant will serve as an additional core monitoring tool to be employed in case of suspicious or faulty indication coming from the main control rod location methods. The developed method proved able to locate control rods’ axial insertion with few steps error, equivalent to maximum 1.6% of total fuel height (i.e. 5 cm as maximum error). There is room for potential improvements with regards to the uncertainty model currently implemented.
Update to: Study Pre-protocol for “BronchStart - The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Timing, Age and Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Emergency Presentations; a Multi-Centre Prospective Observational Cohort Study”
Authors: Williams Thomas C. , Cunningham Steve , Drysdale Simon B. , Groves Helen , Iskander Dalia , Liu Xinxue , Lyttle Mark D. , Marlow Robin , Maxwell-Hodkinson Abigail , Mpamhanga Chengetai D. , O'Hagan Shaun , Sinha Ian , Swann Olivia V. , Waterfield Thomas , Roland Damian ,   Paediatric Emergency Research in the UK and Ireland (PERUKI)
Published: October 2024

Background In 2021 we launched the BronchStart study, which collected information on 17,899 presentations in children with serious respiratory tract infections following the release of lockdown restrictions. Our study informed the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation’s decision to recommend the introduction maternal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination, which was introduced in the United Kingdom in August/September 2024. Study question We modified our original protocol to conduct a United Kingdom-wide assessment of maternal vaccination against RSV. Methods and likely impact We will conduct a multi-centre study, utilising the PERUKI network used in the original BronchStart study, to assess the effectiveness of maternal vaccination using a test-negative study design. We will gather detailed clinical information on children admitted with bronchiolitis in the post-RSV vaccination era, and understand possible reasons for incomplete vaccine uptake.
Paternal health in the first 12-13 years of the ALSPAC study
Authors: Golding Jean , Bickerstaffe Iain , Iles-Caven Yasmin , Northstone Kate
Published: October 2024

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) collected information from the enrolled pregnancy onwards to identify features of the environment in which the study child was brought up. Among data collected were features concerning the health of the mothers’ partners – generally the study father. This was an important feature since the father’s physical and mental health can have a long-term effect on the family. In this Data Note we describe the data available on the father’s health from pregnancy until 12 years after the offspring was born. Not only is this a valuable addition to the environmental information available for studies of the child’s development and the mental health of the mother over time, but it will provide a useful description of the father himself during adulthood.
The genome sequence of the common green Tenthredo, Tenthredo mesomela Linnaeus, 1758
Authors: Falk Steven ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Green Andrew , Broad Gavin R ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Tenthredo mesomela (the common green Tenthredo; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Tenthredinidae). The genome sequence is 392.8 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 10 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.6 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl has identified 11,086 protein coding genes.
The genome sequence of the Orange-tipped sea squirt, Corella eumyota Traustedt, 1882
Authors: Bishop John , Wood Christine , Mrowicki Robert J. , Harley Joanna ,   Marine Biological Association Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual specimen of Corella eumyota (the Orange-tipped sea squirt; Chordata; Ascidiacea; Phlebobranchia; Corellidae). The genome sequence is 129.3 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 7 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 14.53 kilobases in length.
Access to longitudinal mental health data in Africa: Lessons from a landscape analysis by the INSPIRE network datahub
Authors: Mugotitsa Bylhah , Momanyi Reinpeter , Amadi David , Andeso Pauline , Mailosi Dorothy , Ochola Michael , Cygu Steve , Omondi Evans , Wekesah Frederick , Tsofa Benjamin , Bhattacharjee Tathagata , Greenfield Jay , Todd Jim , Kiragga Agnes ,   INSPIRE Network
Published: October 2024

Background Data from longitudinal mental health research in Africa is critical to understanding the complexities of mental health disorders in the continent’s diverse contexts. To be useful, data need to adhere to the FAIR principles of Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability. Methods A literature search from 1970 to 2022 identified longitudinal studies on depression, anxiety, and psychosis in was done. Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing techniques, the search found data from more studies. The search engaged stakeholders in understanding data sharing practices and barriers and categorizing methods and challenges for sharing data. Results The initial search yielded 18,019 articles, of which 284 were eligible for review, and 226 passed quality assessments. A significant effort to access data directly from researchers yielded positive responses for 100 articles with available data statements, from which datasets were requested through online repositories and direct correspondence. Analysis revealed significant disparities in the distribution of mental health research across countries, with a concentration of studies in specific areas and on certain conditions. The study also highlighted a varied adherence to FAIR principles, with only 16 datasets adhering to data-sharing practices. Conclusions Despite the challenges encountered in data accessibility and the manual adjustments required, the study’s findings irradiate the path toward a more equitable and effective mental health research ecosystem on the continent. By fostering collaboration and embracing advanced methodologies and technologies, this study advocates for a concerted effort to improve the accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of mental health data. Ultimately, the project aims to contribute to understanding data-sharing dynamics in Africa, paving the way for informed interventions and policies.
SARS-CoV-2 memory response in non-hospitalised cases: immunology in the context of a population-based cohort study
Authors: Mitchell Ruth E. , Kibble Milla , Santopaolo Marianna , Milodowski Emily , Baum Holly E. , Francis Ore , Halliday Alice , Oliver Elizabeth , Hitchings Benjamin , Thomas Amy C. , Ring Susan M. , Ho Karen , Northstone Kate , Entwistle Katrina , Morales-Aza Begonia , Oliver Jennifer , Goenka Anu , Davidson Andrew , Finn Adam , Wooldridge Linda , Rivino Laura , Timpson Nicholas J.
Published: October 2024

Background The study of non-hospitalised COVID-19 cases provides a context for improved understanding of the immune response to existing and new infections. Population-based cohorts provide a unique opportunity to do this in relation to rich longitudinal pre- and pan-pandemic data. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1990-1992 and has subsequently followed participants for over 30 years. Methods A study comprising three clinic visits was implemented, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, amongst ALSPAC participants to measure SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and cellular responses longitudinally. Here we present data from the first clinic in December 2020 before the start of the UK vaccination campaign and examine associations with a set of exemplar pre- and pan-pandemic health factors. Results We observed humoral and cellular memory immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in mild cases of COVID-19 up to 9 months post-infection. Symptomatic infection elicited a memory immune response of greater magnitude, though there was variation in response in both asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. We examined health factors associated with severe COVID-19 and found that cardio-metabolomic, respiratory and immune-related health factors associate with a memory immune response of higher magnitude. For example, in older participants (mean age 58 years), higher BMI was associated with an immune memory response of greater magnitude, particularly with anti-S and anti-N binding antibodies. Conclusions We set out to illustrate the use of cohort studies to deliver detailed immunological data and to provide example analyses of how life course health factors can be examined in relation to the immune response following a widespread and novel infection. We expanded this assessment to include longitudinally assessed traits, opening up the potential for the more common use of longitudinal population studies for the better understanding the aetiology of infection outcome.
The genome sequence of the Satin Lutestring moth, Tetheella fluctuosa (Hübner, 1803)
Authors: Prescott Tom ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Tetheella fluctuosa (the Satin Lutestring moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Drepanidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 369.10 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z and W sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.41 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 18,318 protein-coding genes
The genome sequence of a tachinid fly, Germaria angustata (Zetterstedt, 1844)
Authors: Sivell Olga , Mitchell Ryan , Raper Chris ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female tachinid fly Germaria angustata (Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Tachinidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 586.50 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.77 kilobases in length.
The Liquidity Premium of Digital Payment Vehicle
Authors: Chen Zefeng , Jiang Zhengyang
Published: October 2024

Do digital payment technologies generate liquidity premia like cash and Treasury? We provide an estimate in the context of the world’s largest digital payment platform, Alipay. Our empirical strategy exploits the variation in the timing of the introduction of money market funds that users on this platform can hold and use for digital transactions. We find that, once a fund becomes eligible for these transactions, its size increases by 45 times on average. Through the lens of an equilibrium demand system model, we show that this size increase implies a liquidity premium of 0.8% per annum. This result provides a unique perspective for understanding and calibrating the liquidity premium of digital currencies.

This paper was accepted by Will Cong, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01309 .
Future of Scarlet Caterpillar Club Fungus: A Review on Molecular Strategies for Cordycepin Enhancement
Authors: Kumari Rubi , Mukherjee Nayna , Sharma Aryan , Chaman Amitesh , Reddy Shankar Narayana , Sharma Shivika
Published: October 2024

Cordycepin, a novel nucleoside derived from the Scarlet Caterpillar Club fungus, has gained considerable attention for its broad spectrum of biological properties profitable in the medicinal sector. Despite being significant in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical sectors, its difficult cultivating techniques make it hard to produce in large quantities. Its commercial potential depends on large-scale production improvements. In the laboratory, cordycepin can be synthesized via chemical and biosynthetic pathways. Although chemical synthesis offers precise control, mass manufacturing is not economically viable. Thus, several biosynthetic pathways are modified for a comprehensive investigation of variables, particularly enzyme function and metabolic flux, that affect the synthesis of cordycepin. For production at a larger scale, several fermentation techniques are employed, out of which, the submerged or liquid fermentation proves to be more economical to achieve greater yield. Another key approach that significantly influences cordycepin production aims to improve culture conditions, like temperature, pH, vitamin concentrations, carbon, and nitrogen sources. Diverse substrate selections can point to improvement in the growth of fungus. Production also varies with the effect of different sources of nitrogen and carbon or carbon/nitrogen ratios on Cordyceps militaris growth and glucose and dextrose are the most efficient carbon sources for the growth of C. militaris, while peptone is primarily used as a nitrogen source. The large-scale production of cordycepin can also employ corn steep liquor hydrolysate, a secondary metabolite from several industries, as a nitrogen source thus increasing cordycepin yield and is economical. Protoplast fusion has a significant role in achieving higher cordycepin production from C. militaris, when its protoplast was fused within the same species or different species of he genus with a better mycelial growth. strain selection using modern molecular techniques is also a significant variable for improving yield, cordycepin synthesis is now better understood owing to the use of omics technologies and upregulating the genes that regulate the cordycepin biosynthesis pathway in C. militaris. This article presents an in-depth discussion of the molecular approaches used to increase the production of cordycepin.
Nitrosamine Contamination in Pharmaceuticals: A Comprehensive Review on Nitrosation Pathways, Potential Root Cause, Detection, Risk Assessment, and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Ukhade Snehal , Sonawane Sandeep
Published: October 2024

N-nitrosamines, recognized as potentially fatal and likely human carcinogens, have been detected in various medications, including antidiabetic drugs and Histamine-2 receptor blockers, particularly those with specific amine structures. This contamination has prompted regulatory bodies to implement rigorous testing and mitigation strategies to safeguard public health. This review offers a concise overview of nitrosamine impurities, their precursors, affected medications, and associated health risks. Current regulations stress the need for robust analytical procedures to detect and mitigate nitrosamines, such as using nitrite scavengers in oral medications. Despite these efforts, challenges remain in accurately assessing risks and integrating effective detection methods. Key findings indicate a need for continuous monitoring, advancements in detection technologies, and the development of comprehensive risk assessment frameworks. Recommendations include adopting proactive risk management strategies, enhancing industry collaboration for better data sharing, updating regulatory guidelines, and incorporating country-specific risk mitigation efforts to address emerging threats effectively.
Persistent Organic Pollutants in Water and their Microalgae Based Bioremediation
Authors: Sharma Mamta , Sharma Ameeta , Batra Neha , Pareek Radhika , Patel Sakshi
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: This appraisal overviews Persistent Organic Pollutants and suggests a novel approach to their bioremediation using algae as an agent. Compared to older techniques using different bacteria, a greenway for wastewater treatment is more environmentally sustainable and friendlier. It has a lot of potential to use new bioremediation technology that uses cyanobacteria and algae to remove variety of organic pollutants. Several organisms' health and well-being may be at risk due to the abundance of organic pollutants in the environment. Household garbage, agriculture, and industry are some of the numerous man-caused contributors to organic pollutants that pollute water across the planet. Wastewater needs to be cleaned before it may be discharged into rivers. As algae-based wastewater treatment systems don't produce any secondary pollutants and are environmentally sustainable, they are growing in popularity. A variety of organic pollutants can be absorbed and accumulated by algae and cyanobacteria at different rates, contingent upon the type of contaminant, the physio-chemical assets of waste water, as well as the specific species of algae involved. Moreover, phytoremediation is a more affordable option for breaking down organic pollutants than traditional methods. Algal biomass produced through phycoremediation might also play a significant role in the bioenergy value chain. Hence the emphasis of this paper is on an over view of Persistent Organic Pollutants, cyanobacteria and microalgae species, which have the potential to rid water systems of several organic pollutants.
Formulation and Characterization of Diclofenac Sodium Nanogel for Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Satyalakshmi S. , Sowjanya P , Kumari P. V. Kamala
Published: October 2024

Diclofenac sodium (DFS) is used for treating both inflammation and pain-associated arthritis. Oral administration of DFS is limited by its short half-life. Its use may result in serious gastrointestinal issues, including inflammation, internal bleeding, and ulceration. Novel drug delivery systems have been investigated to enhance the bioavailability of DFS. This study focuses on formulating and evaluating a diclofenac sodium nanogel (DNG). A nanogel was produced via a modified emulsification-diffusion process, employing polymers such as eudragit S-100, carbopol-940, and solvents like glycerol and ethylacetate. The properties of formulated DNG, including pH, viscosity, drug content, entrapment efficiency (EE), spreadability, swelling index, and drug release percentage, were evaluated. FTIR spectra confirmed that there is no interaction between the drug and excipients. 7 formulations, F1-F7, have been prepared. The DNG results demonstrated excellent EE, drug release, pH- sensitivity, and stability. 98.9% of drug from glycerin-based nanogels (F2) were released within 8 hours. The kinetic pattern for all formulations was zero-order. This study shows that using nanogel formulation for DNG transdermal delivery can sustain the drug's release for up to 8 hours and have good stability during study period (6 months).
Assessment of the Dermal Toxicity of Hydnocarpus wightiana Seeds Extract in Experimental Rats
Authors: Shrivastav Alankar , Singh Deepali , Chaudhary Deepak Singh , Verma Navneet , Mishra Arun Kumar
Published: October 2024

This investigation aims to determine the dermal safety dose range for the entire Hydnocarpus wightiana plant. The acute and subacute skin toxicity investigations were evaluated using the OECD criteria 402 and 410. In the acute dermal toxicity study, the extract dosages (2000 and 5000 mg/kg) were topically given in single doses. The overall behaviour, adverse effects, and death were noted for up to 72 hours. Subsequently, in sub-acute dermal research, the various concentrations of the extract were topically given at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg for 28 days, and any changes were recorded. In the two groups (i.e., 2000 and 5000 mg/kg extract treatment groups), no significant behavioural alterations, sleepiness, or drowsiness were seen, and only mild sedation and lethargy were noted. Overall, there were no discernible poisoning signs or symptoms. Giving extracts (2000 mg/kg) improved the liver function parameters considerably. It was discovered that no signs were observed on the dermal application of the extract.
Determination of Fungal Pathogens in the Species of Genus of Pyrus L. as Biotic Factor in Greater Caucasus, Azerbaijan
Authors: Jafarzadeh Sabina , Iskender Elman
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: Our findings highlight the significant biotic factors affecting Pyrus L. and provide insight into the health challenges faced by these species in their natural habitat. This research underscores the importance of monitoring fungal pathogens to develop effective management strategies for the conservation of Pyrus L. biodiversity in the region. The stationary stations were the North-Eastern regions of the Greater Caucasus (Guba, Khizi in Azerbaijan area) along with the Central Botanical Garden with in ex situ conditions. Various microscopic pathogenic fungi have been investigated in this research. Morphological (colony morphology, spore form) and different determinants were used to determine their characteristics. It was found that the various pathogens were observed in Pyrus L. in species of the genus Pyrus microscopic fungi they cause disease such as Phyllosticta pinna Sacc., Fusicladium pirinum Fuck., Botrytis cinerea Pers. Different infection sources are thoroughly described in relation to both harvesting and post-harvesting handling and intervention practices. The diseases are influenced by various environmental factors, with specific temperature ranges outlined for disease development and causal agents identified. Previous studies have focused on diagnostic indicators, such as optimal environmental conditions for fungal growth in Pyrus L., including temperature, pressure, pH, water activity, and oxygen levels, summarized under both in situ and ex situ conditions. The research included five species of the genus Pyrus L.: Pyrus caucasica Fed., Pyrus communis L., Pyrus georgica Kuth., Pyrus vsevolodi Heideman, and Pyrus salicifolia Pall.
Nutrient Analysis of Selected Wild Edible Mushrooms Collected from Aizawl Mizoram, India
Authors: Renthlei Laltanpuia , Zothanzama John , Mishra BP , Chawngthu Zohmangaiha , Thachunglura VL , Khumlianlal Joshua , M Madhurima
Published: October 2024

Present study aims to identify and evaluate nutritional properties and mineral content of three wild edible mushrooms (WEM): Phallus indusiatus Ventenat (1798), Schizophyllum commune Fries (1815) and Termitomyces heimii Natarajan (1979). The sample was collected during the monsoon season in 2021-2022 from Aizawl District, Mizoram, India. Following collection, the samples were thoroughly cleaned to remove any debris and properly labelled. The collected specimens were identified using standard methods based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Three samples were selected and oven-dried at 45 - 50 °C for three days in a Hot Air Oven (HOA) for further analysis. Analysis revealed that three species of wild edible mushrooms are rich in protein (15.93 – 30.36 g/100g in dw) and carbohydrates (39.05 – 55.24 g/100g in dw), have low fat content, and contain substantial amounts of essential minerals (2.16 – 4.56 g/100g in dw). This study provides data on the nutritional properties and mineral composition of three wild edible mushrooms collected from Mizoram, India.
La perspectiva de las familias acerca de la eficacia del programa Play Time/Social Time para el desarrollo de la competencia social en niños/as con DID
Authors: Ivern Ignasi
Published: October 2024

La calidad de la interacción del niño con sus iguales es el mejor indicador de competencia social (CS) y viene determinada por el uso de estrategias sociales efectivas y adecuadas. Sin embargo, los niños con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo (DID) muestran dificultades significativas en la adquisición de la CS y, por tanto, en su aceptación y plena inclusión. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar la valoración que las familias hacen de la aplicación del programa Play Time/Social Time para la promoción de estrategias sociales eficaces tanto en casa como en la escuela. Han participado un total de nueve familias, con hijos entre 3 y 5 años con DID escolarizados en parvularios ordinarios de tres CCAA diferentes. Los instrumentos usados han sido grupos focales, un cuestionario para evaluar la validez social del programa y diarios de campo elaborados por las propias familias. Los resultados se analizan y discuten en términos tanto de aportaciones del programa a la CS del niño y a las competencias parentales como también de propuestas de mejora.
Análisis psicométrico del perfil de bienestar “PERMA-PROFILER” en una muestra estudiantes de Psicología
Authors: Cobo-Rendon Rubia Consuelo , Aslan Parra Joseph Abelardo , García-Álvarez Diego De Jesús
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Estimar las propiedades psicométricas del perfil de bienestar “PERMA-Profiler” en una muestra de estudiantes de psicología de una universidad venezolana. Método: participaron 202 estudiantes con una media de edad de 19 años (DS=1,77). Se analizó la estructura factorial, las correlaciones entre los ítems, la fiabilidad de las dimensiones y total de la escala, así como la validez de criterio. Resultados: el perfil de bienestar se ajusta adecuadamente al modelo teórico propuesto (X2 (80) =130.101; RMSEA=.056; TLI= .944; CFI=.957). Se evidencian adecuadas correlaciones entre los ítems y dimensiones del instrumento. El coeficiente de consistencia interna de la escala completa fue de α=.817 y en el caso de las dimensiones estuvo desde α=.25 a .84. Se reportan correlaciones inversas y significativas entre las dimensiones del PERMA-Profiler y la ansiedad académica. El PERMA-Profiler es una escala que puede ser empleada para la evaluación e investigación sobre el bienestar en universitarios venezolanos.
Gender Differences in Cognition and Social Cognition in Patients Affected by Psychosis in the Process of Psychosocial Rehabilitation
Authors: Crosas Josep Maria , Cobo Jesus , Ahuir Maribel , Zabala Wanda , Civil Xavier , Monreal José-Antonio , Palao Diego J.
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The objectives of our study were to explore gender differences in Cognition and Social Cognition in patients affected by Psychosis in process of psychosocial rehabilitation and to establish a model of the relationship between Psychopathology, Cognition and Social Cognition in function of the gender, and attending to relevant clinical, sociodemographics and outcome factors.Methodology: Cross-sectional observational study with 124 Non-Affective Schizophrenia Spectrum patients included consecutively in Community Rehabilitation Program at XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX (XXXXX, XXXXXXXXX), assessed through PANSS (using Wallwork's factors) and Matrics Cognitive Consensus Battery.Results: Participants had a mean age of 40.2 years, 57.3% men and mainly Schizophrenia (71.0%). We found gender differences favour to men in attention (p=0.045), working memory (p=0.013) and reasoning/problem solving (p=0.002) domains. No differences in Social Cognition was founded. Linear regression model shows different participations for different domains, with a predominance of the influence of the Cognitive/Disorganized Wallwork's factor and patient's age. In the subsample of men, the model were quite similar to that of total sample, but the influence of the Disorganized factor decreases and that of age remains. In women subsample, the model had even less influence of Disorganized factor or age. In general, women's models explain less variance.
Construcción y análisis factorial de una Escala para medir el Disfrute Experimentado en Adultos (EDEA) en población de Michoacán (México)
Authors: Padrós Blazquez Ferran , Martínez Medina María Patricia
Published: October 2024

En la actualidad no existe ninguna escala para evaluar el disfrute que experimentan las personas adultas. Por ello, se ha elaborado una escala para medir el disfrute experimentado en adultos (EDEA), y se han estudiado algunas de sus propiedades psicométricas. Se realizaron dos aplicaciones, en la primera (estudio piloto) participaron 273 adultos, se aplicó la escala de 7 reactivos, se realizó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y se depuró. Se concluyó que la escala era unifactorial y la consistencia interna era adecuada. En la segunda aplicación, participaron 629 personas adultas con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 79 años, que respondieron a la EDEA (con 6 ítems, versión final). A través de un Análisis Factorial confirmatorio se corroboró que la estructura interna unifactorial. Respecto a la consistencia interna, el valor del alfa de Cronbach de la escala resultó de .856, adecuada tomando en consideración que solo tiene 6 ítems, los cuales mostraron excelentes propiedades psicométricas. Se concluye que se dispone de una escala para medir el disfrute experimentado en adultos con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para población de Michoacán (México).
Variables related to reduced user satisfaction in the emergency unit.
Authors: Pina David , Ruiz Cabello Aurelio Luna , Pagán Peñalver Antonio , Puente López Esteban , Llor Zaragoza Paloma , Luna Maldonado Aurelio
Published: October 2024

The information received by patients about the severity of their condition, the type of tests to be performed, or the average waiting time in the service are factors that influence their degree of satisfaction and, therefore, their possible anger and/or aggressiveness. Users' discomfort can sometimes lead to violence towards health workers, and this, in turn, can lead to the commonly associated physical and psychological consequences. Our main objective is to explore the relationship between the waiting time, patients' perceived satisfaction with the service, as well as the other variables under study. We used a cross-sectional design was used to evaluate 320 hospital patients in the Region of Murcia (Spain). Our indicate that receiving information about their process, waiting time until the doctor's consultation, the degree of satisfaction with the professional, and the resolution of the doubts are predictors of the degree of overall patient satisfaction with the clinical experience.
Quality of life predictors in European aging population: A multigroup model
Authors: Georgieva Sylvia , Carbonell Ángela , Martínez-Gregorio Sara , Alberola Salvador , Oliver Amparo
Published: October 2024

The objective of this research is to analyze several predictors of quality of life in aging people in different European regions. This is a cross-sectional study with the sixth wave of the SHARE project (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe). Several sociodemographic and economic indicators were utilized, as well as the CASP-12 (QoL), EURO-D (depressive symptoms) and SPHEU (self-perceived health). Analysis were performed by structural equation modelling techniques. Ten multigroup models were estimated. Results showed significative difference in the predictive capacity in all variables except for chronic diseases. The best predictor of quality of life in all European regions was absence of depression, followed by income, and self-perceived health. No significative differences among the predictive capacity of the number of chronic diseases was found among the assessed groups, although, perceiving ones’ health as good and being able to make ends meet were heavy predictors of quality of life.
Incidence, severity and preadoption child factors in Spanish adopted adolescents' behavior problems.
Authors: Berástegui Pedro-viejo Ana , Rosser-Limiñana Ana
Published: October 2024

Research comparing samples of adoptees and non-adoptees at all ages frequently observes a greater psychological vulnerability in the adopted group, manifested as a higher rate of behavioral problems. Problems become more evident or severe during adolescence. Despite the relevance of Spain in the international adoption landscape in previous decades, studies with Spanish samples are limited. This paper contributes to fill this gap by describing the incidence and severity of behavioral problems, reported by parents, in a sample of Spanish adolescent adoptees and analyzing the role of child preadoptive factors. Parental CBCL reports of 64 Spanish adopted adolescents were compared with normative scores in Spain. The results showed no differences between adopted adolescents and normative scores in total and broadband scales. However, a significant group of adolescents show clinical scores that require attention of social and mental health services. Boys show higher externalizing and total scores. Differences in age at adoption groups were found in social, aggression and externalizing problems, showing a nonlinear pattern were adolescents adopted in their preschool years show more problems those adopted after and before that age. Adolescents coming from Asia showed lower problems than other groups in several scales whereas those adopted from Eastern Europe showed more social problems than the other groups. Relevance for psychosocial intervention and limitations are discussed.
De la verdad a una interpretación posible
Authors: García-Borés Espí Josep
Published: October 2024

El texto consiste en una reflexión final del autor para dar cierre a la compilación de artículos del monográfico. No es, por lo tanto, un artículo más que recoge una investigación específica, sino un ensayo epistemológico, a modo de conferencia, que transita por la investigación psicológica convencional, los retos que derivan del cambio cultural y la idoneidad del paradigma interpretativo para la construcción de conocimiento psicológico. El ensayo concluye exponiendo la necesidad de superar el monismo epistemológico para dirigirse hacia un pluralismo tanto en la producción científica como en la formación de futuros investigadores.