bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new preprocedural predictive risk model for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: The SuPER model
Authors: Sugimoto Mitsuru , Takagi Tadayuki , Suzuki Tomohiro , Shimizu Hiroshi , Shibukawa Goro , Nakajima Yuki , Takeda Yutaro , Noguchi Yuki , Kobayashi Reiko , Imamura Hidemichi , Asama Hiroyuki , Konno Naoki , Waragai Yuichi , Akatsuka Hidenobu , Suzuki Rei , Hikichi Takuto , Ohira Hiromasa
Published: September 2024

Post–endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is a severe and deadly adverse event following ERCP. The ideal method for predicting PEP risk before ERCP has yet to be identified. We aimed to establish a simple PEP risk score model (SuPER model: Support for PEP Reduction) that can be applied before ERCP.This multicenter study enrolled 2074 patients who underwent ERCP. Among them, 1037 patients each were randomly assigned to the development and validation cohorts. In the development cohort, the risk score model for predicting PEP was established by logistic regression analysis. In the validation cohort, the performance of the model was assessed.In the development cohort, five PEP risk factors that could be identified before ERCP were extracted and assigned weights according to their respective regression coefficients: -2 points for pancreatic calcification, 1 point for female sex, and 2 points for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, a native papilla of Vater, or the use of pancreatic duct procedures. The PEP occurrence rate was 0% among low-risk patients (≤ 0 points), 5.5% among moderate-risk patients (1 to 3 points), and 20.2% among high-risk patients (4 to 7 points). In the validation cohort, the C-statistic of the risk score model was 0.71 (95% CI 0.64-0.78), which was considered acceptable. The PEP risk classification (low, moderate, and high) was a significant predictive factor for PEP that was independent from intraprocedural PEP risk factors (precut sphincterotomy and inadvertent pancreatic duct cannulation) (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.8-6.3,
P
< 0.01).The PEP risk score allows an estimation of the risk of PEP prior to ERCP, regardless of whether the patient has undergone pancreatic duct procedures. This simple risk model, consisting of only five items, may aid in predicting and explaining the risk of PEP before ERCP and in preventing PEP by allowing selection of the appropriate expert endoscopist and useful PEP prophylaxes.
Formation of a giant unilocular vacuole via macropinocytosis-like process confers anoikis resistance
Authors: Kim Jeongsik , Kim Dahyun , Kim Dong-Kyun , Lee Sang-Hee , Jang Wonyul , Lim Dae-Sik
Published: September 2024

Cell survival in metazoans depends on cell attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM) or to neighboring cells. Loss of such attachment triggers a type of programmed cell death known as anoikis, the acquisition of resistance to which is a key step in cancer development. The mechanisms underlying anoikis resistance remain unclear, however. The intracellular F-actin cytoskeleton plays a key role in sensing the loss of cell-ECM attachment, but how its disruption affects cell fate during such stress is not well understood. Here, we reveal a cell survival strategy characterized by the formation of a giant unilocular vacuole (GUVac) in the cytoplasm of the cells whose actin cytoskeleton is disrupted during loss of matrix attachment. Time-lapse imaging and electron microscopy showed that large vacuoles with a diameter of >500 nm accumulated early after inhibition of actin polymerization in cells in suspension culture, and that these vacuoles subsequently coalesced to form a GUVac. GUVac formation was found to result from a variation of a macropinocytosis-like process, characterized by the presence of inwardly curved membrane invaginations. This phenomenon relies on both F-actin depolymerization and the recruitment of septin proteins for micron-sized plasma membrane invagination. The vacuole fusion step during GUVac formation requires PI(3)P produced by VPS34 and PI3K-C2α on the surface of vacuoles. Furthermore, its induction after loss of matrix attachment conferred anoikis resistance. Our results thus show that the formation of a previously unrecognized organelle promotes cell survival in the face of altered actin and matrix environments.
Navegando la sobrecarga informativa: Un estudio de distintos tipos de evitación de noticias entre las audiencias en Chile
Authors: Mellado Claudia , Cruz Alexis
Published: September 2024

Con base en una encuesta en línea aplicada a 4943 miembros de la audiencia en Chile, este estudio analiza los factores sociodemográficos y actitudinales asociados con cuatro tipos de evitación de noticias: no intencional, consistente, ocasional y selectiva. Los hallazgos muestran una relación significativa y negativa, aunque solo moderada, entre el hecho de evitar intencionalmente las noticias y la frecuencia con que las personas dicen consumirlas. Es decir, si bien la audiencia tiende a evitar las noticias, esto no indica necesariamente un bajo consumo de noticias y viceversa. Asimismo, la evitación selectiva de noticias es significativamente superior a otros tipos entre las audiencias. Respecto de los factores explicativos, los resultados muestran que la confianza en las noticias y el interés en la política son las únicas variables significativamente asociadas con todos los tipos de evitación analizados. La alfabetización mediática, el género, la edad, la inclinación política y el capital cultural se relacionan con algunos de los tipos de evitación de noticias, pero no con todos, mientras que el capital económico no predice la evitación de noticias en Chile. En relación con el bajo consumo de noticias en plataformas mediáticas específicas (televisión, radio, redes sociales, medios impresos y en línea), los resultados muestran que el interés en la política y el género son predictores consistentes en todas ellas. Nuestro estudio revela que la dinámica de evitación de noticias en Chile es multifacética y refleja una interacción compleja entre factores sociodemográficos y actitudinales.
Como acadêmicos da América Latina podem contribuir para a pesquisa em hospitalidade e turismo em âmbito global?
Authors: Okumus Fevzi , Taheri Babak
Published: September 2024

Este estudo discute como acadêmicos de países em desenvolvimento, como os países da América Latina, podem contribuir para a pesquisa em hospitalidade e turismo (H&T) em âmbito global. O estudo fornece recomendações específicas para melhorar as jornadas de publicação e a contribuição para o campo de H&T. Ao fazer isso, ele elucida os conceitos de pesquisa e de jornada de publicação, explica diferentes tipos de contribuição de pesquisa, explora desafios enfrentados por acadêmicos e oferece recomendações.
Nexus among Inflation, Unemployment and Poverty in Nigeria: Empirical Evidence
Authors: Olanma Onwuemeka, Irene
Published: September 2024

Despite Nigeria’s enormous growth, living standards for the majority of its citizens have been steadily getting worst, with falling real wages and a complete dearth of jobs. The association among inflation, unemployment and poverty in Nigeria was examined in this study from 1981 to 2023. Using the ARDL model, findings reveals that a long-run relationship does not exist among the variables over the period under study. The short-run regression result revealed that unemployment, inflation and income inequality exerted a positive relationship with poverty. Furthermore, the causality results showed the presence of bidirectional causality between income inequality and poverty while a unidirectional causality runs from inflation to poverty without a feedback effect in Nigeria. However, there is no causal link between unemployment and poverty. The study, therefore, concludes that the alarming rate of poverty in Nigeria is majorly caused by inequality in income. Consequently, it suggests that the policymakers of the government should design and implement redistributive fiscal policies and efficiency improving programmes (like higher spending on key public services such as education, health and social protection) that will improve access of the low-income families to essential goods and services, as this would reduce income inequality and as well reduce the number of poor people in the long-run.
Fruit Quality Enhancement in Purple Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims.) through Pruning and Foliar Nutrition
Authors: Sooraj C.S , Bindu B , Hari Divya , Renjan B
Published: September 2024

An experiment was carried out at Department of Fruit Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agriculture University to insight into the impact of pruning intensity and foliar nutrition on quality parameters of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims.) with 12 treatments replicated thrice in Randomised Block Design. Various level of pruning intensities and foliar nutrition were given to the plants. The study revealed that T5 combined application of 50% pruning and foliar nutrition of 19:19:19@1% along with Sampoorna KAU micronutrient mixture @1% reduced the titratable acidity and recorded highest value for TSS, total sugar, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, carotenoid content whereas control plants reported lowest values for these characters. Rind and pulp colour was also improved in this treatment. Highest non-reducing sugar content was recorded in the treatment which received 75% pruning and foliar nutrition of 19:19:19@1% along with Sampoorna KAU micronutrient @1%.
Assessment of Genetic Variability and Diversity in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under Timely and Late Sown Conditions
Authors: Perween Shahina , Kumar Arun , Chakraborty Manigopa , Ahmad Ekhlaque , Mahto CS , Barnwal MK
Published: September 2024

The present investigation was carried out at Research farm of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India during Rabi 2022-2023. In this study two sets of field experiments were conducted with 43 genotypes of Indian mustard consisting 30 F1 hybrids and 13 parents to assess the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance under timely (TS) and late sown (LS) conditions. The genotypes were evaluated for twelve quantitative characters. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. The maximum GCV and PCV were recorded for the characters, number of secondary branches / plant and seed yield / plant in both timely sown and late sown condition. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for 1000 seed weight and seed yield /plant 1 in both TS and LS conditions which suggested that these characters can be considered as favourable for improvement through selection. D2 analysis grouped the 43 genotypes into 9 clusters in TS and 7 clusters in LS conditions. The distribution of genotypes in both the environments was different. Maximum genotypes (28) were present in TS while maximum genotypes (27) were present in cluster I. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters VI and IX in TS while in LS the clusters IV and VI showed maximum inter cluster distance. Therefore, it can be concluded that the genotypes in these clusters exhibit the highest degree of genetic diversification. This diversity makes them valuable for incorporation into a successful breeding program for development of new varieties.
Influence of sea ice on ocean water vapor isotopes and Greenland ice core records
Authors: Klein Eric S. , Welker Jeffrey M.
Published: December 2016

A warming climate results in sea ice loss and impacts to the Arctic water cycle. The water isotope parameter deuterium excess, a moisture source proxy, can serve as a tracer to help understand hydrological changes due to sea ice loss. However, unlocking the sea ice change signal of isotopes from ice cores requires understanding how sea ice changes impact deuterium excess, which is unknown. Here we present the first isotope data linking a gradient of sea ice extents to oceanic water vapor deuterium excess values. Initial loss of sea ice extent leads to lower deuterium excess moisture sources, and then values progressively increase with further ice loss. Our new process‐based interpretation suggests that past rapid (1–3 years) Greenland ice core changes in deuterium excess during warming might not be the result of abrupt atmospheric circulation shifts, but rather gradual loss of sea ice extent at northern latitude moisture sources.
Electric Mars: A large trans‐terminator electric potential drop on closed magnetic field lines above Utopia Planitia
Authors: Collinson Glyn , Mitchell David , Xu Shaosui , Glocer Alex , Grebowsky Joseph , Hara Takuya , Lillis Robert , Espley Jared , Mazelle Christian , Sauvaud Jean‐André , Fedorov Andrey , Liemohn Mike , Andersson Laila , Jakosky Bruce
Published: December 2016

Parallel electric fields and their associated electric potential structures play a crucial role in ionospheric‐magnetospheric interactions at any planet. Although there is abundant evidence that parallel electric fields play key roles in Martian ionospheric outflow and auroral electron acceleration, the fields themselves are challenging to directly measure due to their relatively weak nature. Using measurements by the Solar Wind Electron Analyzer instrument aboard the NASA Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) Mars Scout, we present the discovery and measurement of a substantial (ΦMars=7.7 ± 0.6 V) parallel electric potential drop on closed magnetic field lines spanning the terminator from day to night above the great impact basin of Utopia Planitia, a region largely free of crustal magnetic fields. A survey of the previous 26 orbits passing over a range of longitudes revealed similar signatures on seven orbits, with a mean potential drop (ΦMars) of 10.9 ± 0.8 V, suggestive that although trans‐terminator electric fields of comparable strength are not ubiquitous, they may be common, at least at these northerly latitudes.
The Gendered Transition to Parenthood: Lasting Inequalities in the Home and in the Labor Market
Authors: Evertsson Marie , Boye Katarina
Published: December 2016

We discuss the slow process through which the gendered transition to parenthood has changed in Western societies and the degrees to which this process challenges economic theories on the utility‐maximizing rational man, woman, and/or couple. The transition to parenthood has long‐term consequences for women's careers, often even in couples in which the woman earns more than the man. The reason for the slow‐changing process can partially be found in gender norms and the physical aspects of the transition to motherhood, including breastfeeding and norms regarding how long the child benefits from being in the mother's care. One of the challenges faced by research on the gendered transition to parenthood is how to distinguish where the boundaries between biology and gender norms lie. We discuss the gendered transition to parenthood and its career‐related consequences, and we elaborate on potential ways in which research may advance to dismantle the interconnected nature of biology, gender, and economic reasoning in couples' transition to parenthood.
Deliberative Democracy
Authors: Fishkin James
Published: December 2016

At the center of the idea, deliberative democracy is that the “will of the people” should be based on the consideration of competing arguments about their merits of each policy choice. Despite this, partisanship and electoral campaigns are designed to win elections, not promote citizen deliberation. The focus of most modern research on deliberation by ordinary citizens rather than by representatives or office holders raises interesting questions about who deliberates, what is the policy context, what rationale is used, and what criteria should evaluate deliberative processes. Access to accurate information, relevant arguments, and a representative sample are necessary for good conditions. Some criteria for evaluation include demographic and attitudinal representativeness, sample size, the opportunity to engage in arguments for and against proposals, and the elimination of distortion (e.g., misleading information).
An Emerging Trend: Is Big Data the End of Theory?
Authors: Macy Michael W.
Published: December 2016

“Big data” from online communities opens up unprecedented opportunities for social scientists to track human behavior and social interaction in real time and on the individual level yet on a global scale. Will the empirical windfall make theory unnecessary by allowing scientists to search for whatever pattern is “out there,” expected or otherwise? This essay argues that the deluge of relational data promises a new beginning for causal explanation, for two reasons. First, these new sources of data—from friends, peers, neighbors, colleagues, and coworkers—avoid the atomistic theoretical bias imposed by a half century of reliance on surveys administered to stratified random samples. Second, the growing ability to conduct online experiments with randomized trials makes it possible to test theories about the causal processes that underlie observed patterns.
Partisan News: A Perspective from Economics
Authors: Stone Daniel F.
Published: December 2016

I briefly summarize the economics literature on ideologically slanted political media (which I call, for short, partisan news), and discuss directions for future research. In the literature review, I take a history of thought approach, describing how theory and empirical work have fed off one another and real‐world events. I also note ways in which the work of economists differs from comparable work from other disciplines. In the discussion of future research, I identify open questions and policy options, and assess the relationship between research from economics and other disciplines.
N
aasia
Authors: Trujillo Martha E.
Published: December 2016

Na.a'si.a. N.L. fem. n.
Naasia
derived from the abbreviation NAAS, for the National Academy of Agricultural Science, where taxonomic studies of this taxon were conducted.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Microbacteriaceae / Naasia

Gram‐stain positive,
aerobic
, and
nonsporulating
actinobacterium. Colonies on R2A agar are round, opaque, and light yellow. Cells are rod shaped and motile by a polar flagellum. Optimum growth is at 30°C, and pH 7. Tolerates up to 1% (w/v) NaCl. The peptidoglycan
represents a novel variation of subgroup B1
with
diaminobutyric acid
as the diagnostic diamino acid. The
respiratory quinones are MK‐10, MK‐14, MK‐13, and MK‐12
. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and
dimannosyldiacylglycerol
comprise the polar lipid profile in addition to several unidentified lipids. The genus belongs to the family
Microbacteriaceae
and is phylogenetically related to the genera
Amnibacterium
,
Cryobacterium
,
Labedella
, and
Lysinimonas
.
Naasia aerilata
is the type and only species currently included in the genus.
Naasia aerilata
5116S‐4
T
was isolated from an air sample collected in Suwon Region, Republic of Korea.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 70 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Naasia aerilata
Weon, Kim, Jang, Hamada, Tamura and Kwon 2013, 2439
VP
.
Pseudochrobactrum
Authors: Kämpfer Peter , Glaeser Stefanie P.
Published: December 2016

Pseud.och.ro.bac'trum. Gr. adj.
pseudês
, false; N.L. neut. n.
Ochrobactrum
, a bacterial genus name; N.L. neut. n.
Pseudochrobactrum
, false
Ochrobactrum
.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Brucellaceae / Pseudochrobactrum

The genus
Pseudochrobactrum
is a member of the family
Brucellaceae
. It is currently represented by four species. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis the genus is most closely related to the genera
Paenochrobactrum, Falsochrobactrum, Ochrobactrum,
and
Brucella
. Cells are nonmotile, non‐spore‐forming rods, Gram‐negative and oxidase‐positive showing an oxidative metabolism. The quinone system consists mainly of ubiquinone Q‐10. Polyamine patterns comprise spermidine and putrescine as major compounds and 1,3‐diaminopropane and spermine in minor amounts. Predominant polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and phosphatidylcholine (PC). The fatty acid profile contains high amounts of C
18:1
ω7c and moderate amounts of C
18:0
and C
19:0
cyclo ω8c. Negative for a
Brucella abortus
and
Brucella melitensis
specific antigen (according to the assay of Baily et al., 1992).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: approximately 51 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum
Kämpfer, Rosselló‐Mora, Scholz, Welinder‐Olsson, Falsen and Blusse 2006, 1826
VP
.
Creating Spaces for Transformative Learning in the Workplace
Authors: Groen Janet , Kawalilak Colleen
Published: December 2016

In this chapter, we reconnect with and reflect on our own stories of working within a university setting and how we create spaces for the possibility of transformative learning. Through this process, we have renewed our purpose to advocate for a deeper focus on “the relational” in those contexts where a dominant focus on systems, structures, and processes marginalize the needs and voices of those who work and learn within them.
Multi‐Parametric Sensing Platforms Based on Nanoparticles
Authors: Segev‐Bar Meital , Bachar Nadav , Wolf Yaniv , Ukrainsky Ben , Sarraf Lior , Haick Hossam
Published: December 2016

Multi‐parametric sensing platforms offer the possibility to measure simultaneously several stimuli, and potentially to differentiate between the different signals. They have advantages in fields that include wearable systems, humanoid robotics, structural health monitoring and precision agriculture, since a complex stimuli from the environment is usually an integrated component in these examples. In the current progress report, we present and discuss new avenues in nanoparticle‐based multi‐parametric sensing platforms for the detection, classification and separation of common stimuli, e.g., temperature, humidity, strain/pressure and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). New data involving multi‐parametric sensing with nanoparticle‐based sensors are given for each topic. Future prospects are discussed.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidant‐Free C–H Olefination of Aromatic Carboxamides with Allyl Acetate
Authors: Li Feifei , Shen Cong , Zhang Jian , Wu Ling , Zhuo Xupeng , Ding Liyuan , Zhong Guofu
Published: December 2016

An inexpensive ruthenium‐catalyzed direct C–H olefination of aromatic carboxamides with allyl acetate was developed. This external oxidant‐free protocol provided an efficient route for the synthesis of useful trans‐styrene derivatives in high to excellent yields. The olefination reaction exhibited excellent regioselectivities and allowed the presence of a wide range of functional groups, such as OMe, F, Cl, Br, I, CF3, NMe2, as well as NO2.

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Diverse Transformations of Boronic Compounds Promoted by Hypervalent Organoiodines(III): Unique Combined Reactivity of Two Electrophilic Compounds
Authors: Chatterjee Nachiketa , Goswami Avijit
Published: December 2016

Both hypervalent organoiodine(III) compounds and boronic acids/esters are non‐toxic and considered as environment‐friendly compounds and have had a remarkable impact on the field of synthetic organic chemistry. Numerous transformations have been carried out using hypervalent organoiodine(III) or boronic acids/esters – taken separately – with other reactants, but transformations with these two reagents taken together are comparatively less well reported. In this mini‐review, diverse reactions carried out with these two substrates in the presence of each other, have been discussed. Various functionalizations of boronic compounds, promoted by hypervalent organoiodine(III) reagents, both in the presence and absence of transition metals, have been reviewed. Different metal‐free iodine(III)–boron exchange reactions providing iodonium salts, various ipso transformations of boronic acids/esters and metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of boronic compounds with hypervalent organoiodine(III) reagents are the prime focal areas of this article. Mechanistic aspects for certain reactions have also been delineated.

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Copper‐Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Terminal Alkynes with Diazo Esters and Amines to Construct β‐Enamino Esters
Authors: Gao Bao , Huang Hanmin
Published: December 2016

An operationally simple and efficient copper‐catalyzed three‐component tandem reaction of terminal alkynes, diazo compounds and amines to yield β‐enamino esters is described. This straightforward protocol takes place rapidly with a wide range of substrates and gives the desired β‐enamino esters in good to excellent yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that the reaction probably proceeds through Cu‐catalyzed formal C–H insertion to produce an alkynoate intermediate, which was then trapped by amines to give the β‐enamino esters.

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Li‐ and Mn‐Rich Cathode Materials: Challenges to Commercialization
Authors: Zheng Jianming , Myeong Seungjun , Cho Woongrae , Yan Pengfei , Xiao Jie , Wang Chongmin , Cho Jaephil , Zhang Ji‐Guang
Published: December 2016

The lithium‐ and manganese‐rich (LMR) layered structure cathodes exhibit one of the highest specific energies (≈900 W h kg−1) among all the cathode materials. However, the practical applications of LMR cathodes are still hindered by several significant challenges, including voltage fade, large initial capacity loss, poor rate capability and limited cycle life. Herein, we review the recent progress and in depth understandings on the application of LMR cathode materials from a practical point of view. Several key parameters of LMR cathodes that affect the LMR/graphite full‐cell operation are systematically analyzed. These factors include the first‐cycle capacity loss, voltage fade, powder tap density, and electrode density. New approaches to minimize the detrimental effects of these factors are highlighted in this work. We also provide perspectives for the future research on LMR cathode materials, focusing on addressing the fundamental problems of LMR cathodes while keeping practical considerations in mind.
Anthraquinone Derivatives in Aqueous Flow Batteries
Authors: Gerhardt Michael R. , Tong Liuchuan , Gómez‐Bombarelli Rafael , Chen Qing , Marshak Michael P. , Galvin Cooper J. , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán , Gordon Roy G. , Aziz Michael J.
Published: December 2016

Anthraquinone derivatives are being considered for large scale energy storage applications because of their chemical tunability and rapid redox kinetics. The authors investigate four anthraquinone derivatives as negative electrolyte candidates for an aqueous quinone‐bromide redox flow battery: anthraquinone‐2‐sulfonic acid (AQS), 1,8‐dihydroxyanthraquinone‐2,7‐disulfonic acid (DHAQDS), alizarin red S (ARS), and 1,4‐dihydroxyanthraquinone‐2,3‐dimethylsulfonic acid (DHAQDMS). The standard reduction potentials are all lower than that of anthraquinone‐2,7‐disulfonic acid (AQDS), the molecule used in previous quinone‐bromide batteries. DHAQDS and ARS undergo irreversible reactions on contact with bromine, which precludes their use against bromine but not necessarily against other electrolytes. DHAQDMS is apparently unreactive with bromine but cannot be reversibly reduced, whereas AQS is stable against bromine and stable upon reduction. The authors demonstrate an AQS‐bromide flow cell with higher open circuit potential and peak galvanic power density than the equivalent AQDS‐bromide cell. This study demonstrates the use of chemical synthesis to tailor organic molecules for improving flow battery performance.
Elektrochemische Einschätzung des Oberflächenzustandes von Wasserreinigungskohlen
Authors: Lorenz H. , Spitzer P. , Radeke K.‐H.
Published: December 2016

Mit elektrochemischen Methoden wurden Eigenschaften von Wasserreinigungskohlen bestimmt, die für ihren Einsatz in der Wasseraufbereitung wesentlich sind. Es wurde gefunden, daß das elektrochemische Immersionspotential von der Konzentration der funktionellen Gruppen auf der Kohle‐Oberfläche abhängig ist. Die für inerte Oberflächen erwartete direkte Proportionalität zwischen BET‐Oberfläche und Umladungskapazität wurde jedoch nicht beobachtet.
Genomic variants, genes, and pathways of Alzheimer's disease: An overview
Authors: Naj Adam C. , Schellenberg Gerard D. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC)
Published: December 2016

Alzheimer's disease (AD) (MIM: 104300) is a highly heritable disease with great complexity in its genetic contributors, and represents the most common form of dementia. With the gradual aging of the world's population, leading to increased prevalence of AD, and the substantial cost of care for those afflicted, identifying the genetic causes of disease represents a critical effort in identifying therapeutic targets. Here we provide a comprehensive review of genomic studies of AD, from the earliest linkage studies identifying monogenic contributors to early‐onset forms of AD to the genome‐wide and rare variant association studies of recent years that are being used to characterize the mosaic of genetic contributors to late‐onset AD (LOAD), and which have identified approximately ∼20 genes with common variants contributing to LOAD risk. In addition, we explore studies employing alternative approaches to identify genetic contributors to AD, including studies of AD‐related phenotypes and multi‐variant association studies such as pathway analyses. Finally, we introduce studies of next‐generation sequencing, which have recently helped identify multiple low‐frequency and rare variant contributors to AD, and discuss on‐going efforts with next‐generation sequencing studies to develop statistically well‐ powered and comprehensive genomic studies of AD. Through this review, we help uncover the many insights the genetics of AD have provided into the pathways and pathophysiology of AD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Derivation and application of quantum Hamilton equations of motion
Authors: Köppe J. , Grecksch W. , Paul W.
Published: December 2016

Non‐relativistic quantum systems are analyzed theoretically or by numerical approaches using the Schrödinger equation. Compared to the options available to treat classical mechanical systems this is limited, both in methods and in scope. However, based on Nelson's stochastic mechanics, the mathematical structure of quantum mechanics has in some aspects been developed into a form analogous to classical analytical mechanics. We show here that finding the Nash equilibrium for a stochastic optimal control problem, which is the quantum equivalent to Hamilton's principle of least action, allows to derive two things: i) the Schrödinger equation as the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation of this optimal control problem and ii) a set of quantum dynamical equations which are the generalization of Hamilton's equations of motion to the quantum world. We derive their general form for the non‐stationary and the stationary case. For the harmonic oscillator, the stationary equations lead to the coherent states, and we establish a numerical procedure to solve for the ground state properties without using the Schrödinger equation.

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Remote sensing ice supersaturation inside and near cirrus clouds: a case study in the subtropics
Authors: Hoareau C. , Noel V. , Chepfer H. , Vidot J. , Chiriaco M. , Bastin S. , Reverdy M. , Cesana G.
Published: December 2016

Combining vertically resolved lidar retrievals of water vapor and cloud detection, we document a 2‐day subtropical cirrus case study over La Réunion (20.9°S–55.5°E) in March 2005, focusing on the conditions of ice supersaturation inside and near the observed cloud. Using satellite observations, we describe the synoptic conditions leading to cloud formation. Supersaturation occurs 25% of the time within the cirrus, up to 35% in its middle segment, where relative humidity goes beyond 150%. In clear‐sky areas, relative humidity stays consistently low, especially in profiles without clouds. High‐troposphere atmospheric waves could initiate the formation of supersaturation conditions, especially on 16 March.
Added value of high resolution models in simulating global precipitation characteristics
Authors: Zhang Lixia , Wu Peili , Zhou Tianjun , Roberts Malcolm J. , Schiemann Reinhard
Published: December 2016

Climate models tend to overestimate percentage of the contribution (to total precipitation) and frequency of light rainfall while underestimate the heavy rainfall. This article investigates the added value of high resolution of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) in simulating the characteristics of global precipitation, in particular extremes. Three AGCMs, global high resolution atmospheric model from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL‐HiRAM), the Meteorological Research Institute‐atmospheric general circulation model (MRI‐AGCM) and the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM), each with one high and one low resolution configurations for the period 1998–2008 are used in this study. Some consistent improvements are found across all three AGCMs with increasing model resolution from 50–83 to 20–35 km. A reduction in global mean frequency and amount percentile of light rainfall (<11 mm day−1) and an increase of medium to heavy rainfall (>20 mm day−1) are shown in high resolution models of GFDL‐HiRAM and MRI‐AGCM, while the improvement in MetUM is not obvious. A consistent response to high resolution across the three AGCMs is seen from the increase of light rainfall frequency and amount percentile over the desert regions, particularly over the ocean desert regions. It suppresses the overestimation of CDD over ocean desert regions and makes a better performance in high resolution models of GFDL‐HiRAM and MRI‐AGCM, but worse in MetUM‐N512. The impact of model resolution differs greatly among the three AGCMs in simulating the fraction of total precipitation exceeding the 95th percentile daily wet day precipitation. Inconsistencies among models with increased resolution mainly appear over the tropical oceans and in simulating extreme wet conditions, probably due to different reactions of dynamical and physical processes to the resolution, indicating their crucial role in high resolution modelling.
Isolation and characterization of antiproliferative peptides from Chinese three‐striped box turtle (Cuora trifasciata)
Authors: Mao Xinliang , He Shengjie , Zhang Ting , Guo Xiaolei , Ge Yazhong , Ma Chungwah , Zhang Xuewu
Published: December 2016

In this study, the whole proteins from a Chinese three‐striped box turtle (Cuora trifasciata) were extracted and hydrolyzed using three proteases (alcalase, papain, and protamex). By orthogonal experiments, the optimal hydrolysis conditions for producing peptides with the highest cancer cells growth inhibition activity were determined. Such as, the maximum inhibition on MCF‐7 cancer cells (92.37% at 1 mg/mL) was achieved by papain hydrolysis (pH 8, 37 °C, enzyme‐to‐substrate ratio (E/S) 1.5%), and the maximum inhibition on HepG2 cancer cells (94.16% at 1 mg/mL) was reached by protamex hydrolysis (pH 8, 40 °C, E/S 2%). Using ultrafiltration and Sephadex G‐15 column chromatography, two polypeptides M2 and F4 were isolated. At 500 μg/mL, M2 exhibited 74.7% and 62.9% of antiproliferation activities on MCF‐7 and HepG2 cancer cells, respectively; and F4 displayed good inhibitory effects on MCF‐7 (70.59%) and HepG2 (78.6%) cancer cells. M2 and F4 had lower inhibition (<20%) than drug 5‐FU (>60%) on normal liver cells L‐O2. Moreover, three peptides, EMLQPPL, PGKPLFL, and SCCSCDED, were identified; their inhibitory effects on cancer cells were confirmed after synthesis. These data, for the first time, demonstrated that Cuora trifasciata–derived proteins could be used for preparing antiproliferation peptides.
Ausbau des Stichkanals nach Salzgitter von SKS‐km 3,550 bis 14,918
Authors: Dormann Michael , Tietge Sophia , Kötz Harold
Published: December 2016

Der Stichkanal nach Salzgitter wird in den kommenden Jahren zur Wasserstraßenklasse Vb ausgebaut, sodass er von Binnenschiffen mit einer Breite von bis zu 11,45 m und einer Abladetiefe von bis zu 2,80 m ohne Einschränkungen befahren werden kann. Der Ausbau der beiden Haltungen Wedtlenstedt und Üfingen erfolgt überwiegend im Trapezprofil mit einer Wasserspiegelbreite von 36,90 m und einer Wassertiefe von 4,00 m. Die Vorhäfen der Schleusen werden halbseitig ausgebaut. Insgesamt werden hierfür ca. 1 Mio. m3 Boden bewegt und ca. 300 000 m2 Tondichtung sowie ca. 460 000 m2 Schüttsteindeckwerk eingebaut. Drei Düker müssen dem neuen Gewässerquerschnitt angepasst und durch Neubauten ersetzt werden. Weiterhin werden zwei Brücken angepasst, um eine durchgängige lichte Durchfahrtshöhe von 5,25 m zu gewährleisten. Derzeit wird das Planfeststellungsverfahren durchgeführt, der Planfeststellungsbeschluss wird im Jahr 2017 erwartet. Der Baubeginn soll im Jahr 2018 erfolgen, die Fertigstellung ist im Jahr 2024 geplant.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of coptisine in rats after oral administration by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Yan Yu , Zhang Huifang , Zhang Zhihui , Song Junke , Chen Yucai , Wang Xiaobo , He Yangyang , Qin Hailin , Fang Lianhua , Du Guanhua
Published: December 2016

Coptisine, one of the main components isolated from Coptidis rhizoma, has been reported to have many beneficial pharmacological effects including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐hypercholesterolemia, neuroprotective and cardioprotective properties. However, to date the information related to the in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) of coptisine is very limited. The purposes of our study are to establish a fast and sensitive quantification method of coptisine using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and evaluate the PK profile of coptisine in rats. The calibration curve for coptisine was linear from 0.78 to 50 ng/mL. After single‐dose oral administration of coptisine, the mean peak plasma concentration values for groups treated with 30, 75 and 150 mg/kg doses ranged from 44.15 to 66.89 ng/mL, and the mean area under the concentration–time curve values ranged from 63.24 to 87.97 mg/L h. The absolute bioavailability was calculated to range from 1.87 to 0.52%. Coptisine remained in all analyzed samples at low concentrations after oral administration of 30 mg/kg.
Regulation mechanism of PDK1 on macrophage metabolism and function
Authors: Yang Yueqin , Kong Weiwei , Xia Zhi , Xiao Lin , Wang Song
Published: December 2016

PDK1 is a member of the atypical glandular cell kinases family that regulates the activities of most atypical glandular cell kinases during different development stages and treatment of cancers. PDK1 is also a critical glucose metabolism enzyme regulating glucolysis or glucose oxidase in cells, and more research is needed to further understand the underlying mechanism. The research of PDK1 presented by recent studies focuses much on cancer treatment and has helped researchers gain much insight in this regard. Given the close relationship between inflammation and cancer, it is of great significance to discover the function of PDK1 and its regulating mechanism on special immune cells—macrophages. This review summarizes the recent findings regarding PDK1 in terms of regulating the function and metabolism of macrophage. The mechanism of PDK1 in regulating inflammatory secretion, migration, phagocytosis, and the energy metabolism of macrophage and a possible path to develop PDK1 related pharmaceutical products are discussed as well.
A possible S‐glutathionylation of specific proteins by glyoxalase II: An in vitro and in silico study
Authors: Ercolani Luisa , Scirè Andrea , Galeazzi Roberta , Massaccesi Luca , Cianfruglia Laura , Amici Adolfo , Piva Francesco , Urbanelli Lorena , Emiliani Carla , Principato Giovanni , Armeni Tatiana
Published: December 2016

Glyoxalase II, the second of 2 enzymes in the glyoxalase system, is a hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase that catalyses the hydrolysis of S‐d‐lactoylglutathione to form d‐lactic acid and glutathione, which is released from the active site. The tripeptide glutathione is the major sulfhydryl antioxidant and has been shown to control several functions, including S‐glutathionylation of proteins. S‐Glutathionylation is a way for the cells to store reduced glutathione during oxidative stress, or to protect protein thiol groups from irreversible oxidation, and few enzymes involved in protein S‐glutathionylation have been found to date. In this work, the enzyme glyoxalase II and its substrate S‐d‐lactoylglutathione were incubated with malate dehydrogenase or with actin, resulting in a glutathionylation reaction. Glyoxalase II was also submitted to docking studies. Computational data presented a high propensity of the enzyme to interact with malate dehydrogenase or actin through its catalytic site and further in silico investigation showed a high folding stability of glyoxalase II toward its own reaction product glutathione both protonated and unprotonated. This study suggests that glyoxalase II, through a specific interaction of its catalytic site with target proteins, could be able to perform a rapid and specific protein S‐glutathionylation using its natural substrate S‐d‐lactoylglutathione.

Significance

This article reports for the first time a possible additional role of Glo2 that, after interacting with a target protein, is able to promote S‐glutathionylation using its natural substrate SLG, a glutathione derived compound. In this perspective, Glo2 can play a new important regulatory role inS‐glutathionylation, acquiring further significance in cellular post‐translational modifications of proteins.
A Bifunctional Amino Acid Enables Both Covalent Chemical Capture and Isolation of in Vivo Protein–Protein Interactions
Authors: Joiner Cassandra M. , Breen Meghan E. , Clayton James , Mapp Anna K.
Published: December 2016

In vivo covalent chemical capture by using photoactivatable unnatural amino acids (UAAs) is a powerful tool for the identification of transient protein–protein interactions (PPIs) in their native environment. However, the isolation and characterization of the crosslinked complexes can be challenging. Here, we report the first in vivo incorporation of the bifunctional UAA BPKyne for the capture and direct labeling of crosslinked protein complexes through post‐crosslinking functionalization of a bioorthogonal alkyne handle. Using the prototypical yeast transcriptional activator Gal4, we demonstrate that BPKyne is incorporated at the same level as the commonly used photoactivatable UAA pBpa and effectively captures the Gal4–Gal80 transcriptional complex. Post‐crosslinking, the Gal4–Gal80 adduct was directly labeled by treatment of the alkyne handle with a biotin‐azide probe; this enabled facile isolation and visualization of the crosslinked adduct from whole‐cell lysate. This bifunctional amino acid extends the utility of the benzophenone crosslinker and expands our toolbox of chemical probes for mapping PPIs in their native cellular environment.
Enzyme from an Uncultivated Sponge Bacterium Catalyzes S‐Methylation in a Ribosomal Peptide
Authors: Helf Maximilian J. , Jud Aurelia , Piel Jörn
Published: December 2016

Amino acid modifications are essential for the structural diversity and bioactivity of ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptide natural products (RiPPs). A particularly large and virtually untapped pool of unusual RiPPs and associated modifying enzymes is provided by uncultivated bacteria. An example is the chemically rich sponge symbiont “Candidatus Entotheonella factor”, which produces the hypermodified polytheonamides of the poorly studied proteusin RiPP family. In addition to the polytheonamide genes, “E. factor” contains several further additional RiPP clusters of unknown function. Here we provide insights into one of these cryptic proteusin pathways by identifying an enzyme (PtyS) that catalyzes the S‐methylation of cysteine residues. S‐methylcysteine is rare in natural peptides and proteins, and the enzymatic activity was previously unknown for RiPPs, thus adding a new modification to the ribosomal peptide toolbox.
Detecting mental health problems and suicidal motives among terrorists and mass shooters
Authors: Lankford Adam
Published: December 2016

Background

For years, many scholars dismissed the possibility that terrorists – including suicide attackers – could be mentally ill or primarily suicidal. However, that view is gradually changing.

Aim

Researchers continue to face significant challenges when attempting to detect mental health problems and suicidal motives among terrorists and mass shooters, because many offenders cannot easily be psychologically assessed. This article offers several specific recommendations for how researchers can better understand offenders' mental state by studying their life histories and behaviour.

Methods

Research on detection of mental disorders and suicidal intent is reviewed and applied to specific challenges for assessing terrorists and mass shooters.

Results

It appears that researchers can improve the accuracy of their assessments by (1) recognising the likelihood of under‐diagnosis of mental disorders, (2) prioritising in‐depth evaluation and analysis of mental state and (3) considering the role of social and situational factors in suicidal ideation and motivation.

Conclusion

More accurate detection of mental health problems and suicidal motives among terrorists and mass shooters could help advance scientific understandings of these individuals and even help prevent lethal attacks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pd‐Catalyzed, Ligand‐Enabled Stereoselective 1,2‐Iodine(III) Shift/1,1‐Carboxyalkynylation of Alkynylbenziodoxoles
Authors: Wu Junliang , Xu Kai , Hirao Hajime , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: December 2016

A PdII‐catalyzed 2:1 coupling reaction of alkynylbenziodoxole with carboxylic acid to afford (alk‐1‐en‐3‐ynyl)benziodoxole, which is efficiently promoted by an octahydrophenazine ligand, is reported. The reaction involves a Pd‐assisted 1,2‐iodine(III) shift of the alkynylbenziodoxole followed by stereoselective introduction of carboxy and alkynyl groups (the latter originating from another molecule of the alkynylbenziodoxole) into the 1‐position of the transient Pd‐vinylidene species. The product of this 1,1‐carboxyalkynylation reaction serves as a new functionalized enyne‐type building block for further synthetic transformations.
ChemInform Abstract: Supertetrahedral Networks and Lithium‐Ion Mobility in Li2SiP2 and LiSi2P3.
Authors: Haffner Arthur , Braeuniger Thomas , Johrendt Dirk
Published: December 2016

Polycrystalline Li2SiP2 (I) and LiSi2P3 (II) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of the elements at 1123 K and 1223 K (II), resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Site‐Specific Substitution Preferences in the Solid Solutions Li12Si7‐xGex, Li12‐yNaySi7, Na7LiSi8‐z, and Li3NaSi6‐vGev.
Authors: Scherf Lavinia M. , Riphaus Nathalie , Faessler Thomas F.
Published: December 2016

Crystalline samples of the title compounds which could serve as potential precursors for Si1‐xGex materials are prepared by solid state reactions of the elements and LiSi (Ta ampoules in evacuated silica containers, 750 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ditechnetium Heptoxide Revisited: Solid‐State, Gas‐Phase, and Theoretical Studies.
Authors: Poineau Frederic , et al.
Published: December 2016

In view of the vitrification of high‐level nuclear waste, Tc2O7, known as a volatile compound during vitrification, is prepared by thermal oxidation of TcO2 under O2 (Pyrex tube, 450→25 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Deep‐Ultraviolet Transparent Cs2LiPO4 Exhibits an Unprecedented Second Harmonic Generation.
Authors: Shen Yaoguo , Yang Yi , Zhao Sangen , Zhao Bingqing , Lin Zheshuai , Ji Chengmin , Li Lina , Fu Ping , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua
Published: December 2016

Polycrystalline Cs2LiPO4 is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of LiOH, Cs2CO3, and NH4HPO4 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Metal Chalcogenide SnSSe as a High‐Capacity Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Wang Xusheng , Chen Dong , Yang Zhanhai , Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Chao , Chen Jitao , Zhang Xinxiang , Xue Mianqi
Published: December 2016

Polycrystalline SnSSe is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of the elements (evacuated quartz ampoules, 400 °C, 50 h).