bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Maternal Education and Age on Weight of Child at Birth: Use of Multinomial Logistic Model
Authors: Bartholomew D. C. , Biu O. E. , Enegesele D.
Published: July 2022

The World Health Organization (WHO) prescribed 2.5 kilograms to 4.2 kilograms as the standard for normal birth weight (NBW) and every child whose birth weight is below the lowest bound is regarded as low birth weight (LBW) while above the highest bound is regarded as macrosomia. The odds for a LBW child to die as reported is about 40 times high when compared to a NBW child and these overwhelming death records are higher in developing countries. Therefore, urgent research about the causes of LBW especially in developing countries is very necessary and this motivated this research in Nigeria. In this paper, the Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) model was applied to secondary data from the 2018 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) report to predict the probability of giving birth to NBW and macrosomia babies referenced to LBW babies. The maternal education level and age were considered as the predictor variables. The data was naturally stratified by maternal education level, that is (1 = Higher Education, 2 = Secondary Education, 3 = Primary Education, and 4 = No Education). The equal sample allocation technique which assigns equal stratum sample sizes (ni =  200 for the ith maternal education level) was adopted. The 800 sample size was reduced to 735 after screening for outliers in the maternal age variable. Considering the 54 LBW babies, 57% (0.5741) were from mothers with no education. The results showed that maternal education level and age have causal effects on child birth weight in Nigeria. Younger mothers (less than 28years) are 96.5% likely to have LBW babies while mothers who attained a minimum of primary, secondary, and higher education are 88.00%, 82.00%, and 57.90% likely to have NBW babies respectively when compared to those with no formal education. The research recommends that mothers should acquire at least primary school education and early child marriage (less than 28years) of the girl child should be discouraged.
Effect of Pyroclastic Powder on the Growth and Seeds Nutritional Values of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) on Ferralitic Soils in Adamawa (Cameroon, Central Africa)
Authors: Mein’da Clarisse Djao , Maimouna Abba , Tatchum Lucien Tchuenteu , Nguetnkam Jean-Pierre , Megueni Clautilde
Published: July 2022

Aims: Amendment of ferralitic soils of Ngaoundere (Cameroon) by rock materials, so-called petrofertilizer, can be a promising solution to improve their fertility and thus enhance crop yield.

Study Design: In the present study, the influence of pyroclastic powder on the growth of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was assessed.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological Sciences. The sowing was done on June 13, 2017 until 2 septembre.

Methodology: An experimental design with four (04) different treatments was implemented: 0 g per pot (0% of pyroclastic: the control), 150 g per pot (10% of pyroclastic: P10 Treatment), 300 g per pot (20% of pyroclastic: P20 Treatment) and 450 g per pot (30% of pyroclastic: P30 Treatment). The pyroclastic powder was applied at three different (03) stages: sowing, germination, and flowering stage. All the treatments were irrigated with 250 ml of water once every 3 days during the growing stage.

Results: Growth parameters, seed yield, and seeds nutritional values were measured. Results revealed that seeds yield from the treated pot using 30% of pyroclastic powder is

4.2 times greater than that of the control. Globally, pyroclastic powder improved the nutritional values of common bean seeds compared to the Control. Fertilizing the soils at the sowing stage significantly (p<0.05) improves the values of the studied growth parameters. The protein content of seeds from treatment at the sowing stage was 1.05 and 1.11 times greater than that from treatment at germination and flowering stages.

Conclusion: The application of 30% of pyroclastic powder at the sowing stage is recommended for the cultivation of the common bean in the Adamawa (Cameroon).
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and D Antibodies among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Egbebi A. H. , Okiki P. A. , Oyinloye J. M. A. , Daramola G. O. , Ogunfolakan O. O.
Published: July 2022

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B and D antibodies among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), Ado-Ekiti. Structured questionnaires were administered to obtain their socio- demographic data. The study made use of consecutive sampling design. A total of 350 pregnant women between the ages 18 and 44 years were examined for the presence of hepatitis B using HbsAb rapid kit and presence of both HBV and HDV were confirmed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Liver enzymes of ELISA positive subjects were assayed. This study found the prevalence of HBV and HDV among pregnant women to be 7.7% and 0% respectively. There was no significant difference between the prevalence of HBV antibodies as related to their ages when screened with ELISA. Although more positive results were recorded between ages 18 – 34 when compared to other age groups, there was significant association in their age difference, (P = 0.007). Of the subjects that tested positive to HBV antibody, 2 (10%) were recorded to have raised liver enzymes. However, three 3 (15%) out of the ELISA-confirmed positive samples were at the upper limit of normal. The kit’s specificity, sensitivity, positive prevalence and negative prevalence values were: 100%, 74%, 100% and 72% respectively. This study shows that screening with ELISA for hepatitis B is much more viable than that of rapid kit and has a significant effect on the liver enzymes when tested positive. The study therefore suggests that health workers should always confirm all negative results using ELISA method.
Compassion Fatigue and Satisfaction: A Professional Quality of Life (ProQoL) of Filipino Guidance Designates
Authors: Bonganciso Jade G. , Bonganciso Ruel T.
Published: July 2022

The quality of professional life is the degree on how the individuals feel in relation to their work as care providers. For helping professionals, it has positive and negative aspects that influence their professional quality of life. The present descriptive study focused on the above phenomenon of the teacher-guidance designates. More specifically, this study explored the level and significance difference of the three components of professional quality of life. The participants were the 20 secondary teachers (N = 20) of the Division of Cadiz City. The ProQoL – 5 Scale was used as a psychometric tool for the evaluation of the quality of professional life; and an interview guide was conducted during the focus group discussion. Frequency, mean, Mann – Whitney U test and Kruskall – Wallis test were used for data analysis. Results show that a high level of compassion satisfaction was evident towards 21 – 30 years old guidance designates.  Also, guidance designates who were teaching Social Science showed a high level of compassion satisfaction. On the other hand, the professional quality of life of the guidance designates showed no statistical significance regardless of sex, age, area of specialization and years of service as guidance designates. The participants generally showed an average level of satisfaction and exhaustion as care providers. Hence, the guidance designates’ attributes may suggest that through their coping abilities they settle their emotional residues due to empathetic engagement.
Formulation, Physico-chemical Evaluation and Comparative Stability Studies of Dillenia indica (pulp) based Antidandruff and Anti Hair Fall Cream with Marketed Brand
Authors: Deka Kamal , Kalita Ramen , Debnath Subhashis , Deka Satyendra
Published: July 2022

Background: Dillenia Indica as a medicinal plant is one of the widely used herbs by the various tribes of entire North East (mostly in Assam) and traditionally the jelly like content inside the fruit was used to treat dandruff and falling hairs.

Objectives: The current work was performed with an objective to assess the antidandruff and anti hair fall property of Dillenia indica (pulp), the jelly like content inside the fruit with a marketed brand.

Methods: With utilization of different concentrations of Dillenia indica (pulp) as main drug and with other chemicals different cream formulations are made and optimized. All the formulations along with marketed brand are investigated for their physico-chemical properties. Stability studies of freeze-thaw, elevated temperature exposure and thermal stability study was performed. All the results of the formulations were compared with marketed brand.

Results: All the result of freeze-thaw, elevated temperature exposure and thermal stability study of all formulations (F1,F2,F3) shows similar characteristic behavior with marketed brand except in elevated temperature exposure where all the formulations fails to withstand the temperature excluding the marketed brand (BRYLCREEM). Physico-chemical parameters like pH, FFA, TFM has been studied for formulations F1, F2, F3 and with brand product. All the formulations along with brand product are showing similar kind of result along with similar Spreadability and homogeneity.
Neuromuscular Junction Structural Charactaristics in Familial ALS Mice Model
Authors: Ghani Hafiz Usman , Ullah Rafi , Abbas Muhammad , Fawad Muhammad , Ling Liu Ya
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that can cause motor neuron degeneration in the spinal cord and motor cortex. Although most cases of ALS are sporadic, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) mutations are responsible for 10%-20% of familial ALS.

Objective: Studying neuromuscular junctions in various age groups to see how they vary in structure.

Methods:  From male hemizygous carriers (B6SJL-Tg (SOD1-G93A) 1Gur/J) and female B6SJL/F1 hybrids, female G93ASOD1 transgenic mice and age-matched wild-type (WT littermate partners, both were purchased from Jackson) laboratory. The animals were kept in an environment with controlled humidity and temperature, and 12:12h light was performed in a dark schedule, and sterile rodent food and sterile food were provided without specific pathogens.

Results:  WT and SOD1 are present in 40, 60, 90, 120 days of mice Inside the Tibialis anterior of G93ASOD1 mice (TA) and gastrocnemius (GN) construction. The neurofilament heavy polypeptide (tubulin, green) points to the presynaptic end. α-Bungarotoxins (BTX, white) mark the postsynaptic space, and synaptophysin (p38-1, red) is used for synaptic vesicles. In the following research we demonstrate that in 40 days of mice WT and SOD1 neither of them degraded while in 60 days of mice a slight denaturation occur in WT and SOD1 Further in 90 days of mice the degeneration is not serious about 60% to 70%. Furthermore, the deterioration in mice after 90 days is only 60-70 percent significant.

Conclusion: NMJ inervation has appeared Disappearance, loss of motor axons, and huge structural damage to the NMJ at 60 and 90 days. Structural changes in presynaptic and postsynaptic structures and a gradual decrease in synaptic vesicles observe.
Treatment of Adults With Philadelphia Chromosome–Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia—From Intensive Chemotherapy Combinations to Chemotherapy-Free Regimens
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Haddad Fadi G. , Short Nicholas J. , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: July 2022

Importance

With the advent of potent BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph-positive) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is now a relatively favorable-risk acute leukemia. In this review, we discuss the current evidence for frontline therapies of Ph-positive ALL, the major principles that guide therapy, and the progress with chemotherapy-free regimens.

Observations

Incorporating TKIs into the chemotherapy regimens of patients with newly diagnosed Ph-positive ALL has led to improved remission rates, higher probability of reaching allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), and longer survival compared with chemotherapy alone. Early achievement of a complete molecular remission (CMR) is an important end point in Ph-positive ALL and identifies patients who have excellent long-term survival and may not need allogeneic SCT. Second-generation TKIs combined with intensive or low-intensity chemotherapy resulted in higher CMR rates compared with imatinib-based regimens. This translated into better outcomes, with less reliance on allogeneic SCT. To further improve the outcomes, the potent third-generation TKI ponatinib was added to chemotherapy. The combination of hyper-CVAD and ponatinib resulted in an overall CMR rate of 84% and a 5-year survival rate of 73% and 86% among patients who did and did not undergo allogeneic SCT, respectively, suggesting that allogeneic SCT may not be needed with this regimen. The recent chemotherapy-free combination of dasatinib and blinatumomab was safe and effective in patients with newly diagnosed Ph-positive ALL and resulted in an estimated 3-year OS rate of 80%; 50% of patients underwent allogeneic SCT. The chemotherapy-free regimen of ponatinib and blinatumomab resulted in a CMR rate of 86% and a 2-year survival rate of 93%, with no relapses or leukemia-related deaths, and with only 1 patient proceeding to allogeneic SCT.

Conclusions and Relevance

The promising results obtained with the chemotherapy-free regimens of blinatumomab plus TKIs question the role of allogeneic SCT in first remission. Patients with Ph-positive ALL who achieve early and deep molecular responses have excellent long-term outcomes and may not benefit from allogeneic SCT.
Research During Wartime—Ethical Challenges Faced by Oncology Researchers in Ukraine
Authors: Basarab Maksym , Anderson Emily E.
Published: July 2022

This Viewpoint discusses the ethical challenges faced by oncology researchers during the war in Ukraine.
Biochemical and clinical biomarkers in adult SMA 3–4 patients treated with nusinersen for 22 months
Authors: De Wel Bram , De Schaepdryver Maxim , Poesen Koen , Claeys Kristl G.
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate biomarkers of disease progression in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in adult patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Furthermore, we assess the clinical response to nusinersen treatment in adults with SMA over a longer follow‐up period than the previously reported 6–14 months.

Methods

We included 16 adults with SMA type 3–4 for nusinersen treatment over 22 months in this prospective study. We evaluated chitotriosidase‐1 (CHIT1) and chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (YKL‐40) as neuroinflammatory biomarkers in CSF, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) and heavy chain (pNfH) as neurodegenerative markers in CSF and serum at baseline, month 6, 14 and 22, together with a wide range of clinical outcome measures.

Results

Levels of CHIT1 increased significantly (p = 0.048) throughout the 22‐month treatment period and pNfH decreased significantly (p = 0.022) in CSF, but both did not correlate with clinical outcome measures. YKL‐40 correlated strongly with neurofilaments in CSF (rho = 0.76) and decreased significantly (p = 0.037) in patients with improvements in the revised upper limb module (RULM). Finally, patients showed significant improvements in hand grip strength, hand motor function, medical research council (MRC) sum score, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) after 22 months of treatment.

Interpretation

YKL‐40 in CSF correlated with clinical improvements during nusinersen treatment. In contrast, CHIT1 and pNfH in CSF changed significantly during treatment but did not correlate with clinical outcomes. Finally, we demonstrated a sustained clinical effect of nusinersen treatment in adults after 22 months.
Deepening Insights into Near‐Infrared Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Lasing: The Charm of Resonance‐Assisted Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Yang Wan‐Ying , Lai Run‐Chen , Wu Jun‐Jie , Yu You‐Jun , Yan Chang‐Cun , Sun Chao‐Fan , Wang Xue‐Dong , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: July 2022

Excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)‐active organic semiconductor materials, characterized by a or several resonance‐assisted hydrogen bonds (RAHBs), are supposed to be ideal candidates for achieving high‐performance near‐infrared (NIR) lasers. However, according to the energy gap law, the development of ESIPT‐active gain materials is still limited by the serious nonradiative decays. Herein, it is demonstrated that RAHBs can activate ESIPT lasing by inhibiting nonradiative decays. A new ESIPT‐active material 1,5‐dihydroxy‐2,6‐diphenylanthraquinone (DP‐DHAQ) containing two centrosymmetric RAHBs is developed, which exhibits a ≈100‐fold higher radiative decay rate (kr = 1.1 × 1010 s–1) in doped polystyrene (PS) film than that of 1‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxy‐2,6‐diphenylanthraquinone (DP‐HMAQ) and 1,5‐dimethoxy‐2,6‐diphenylanthraquinone (DP‐DMAQ), in which one and two RAHBs are broken, respectively, by introducing methyl groups. Both DP‐DHAQ and DP‐HMAQ can form four‐level systems based on the ESIPT processes, but only DP‐DHAQ doped PS microspheres exhibit laser emission at 710 nm under the test conditions. It is worth mentioning that single‐crystal microplates of DP‐DHAQ can realize NIR laser emission at 725 nm. The results suggest that RAHBs can effectively activate the gain property of ESIPT‐active materials, which deepens insights into NIR ESIPT lasing and provides a new proposal for the design of organic laser‐active molecules.
Fully Programmable Collective Behavior of Light‐Powered Chemical Microrobotics: pH‐Dependent Motion Behavior Switch and Controlled Cancer Cell Destruction
Authors: Dekanovsky Lukas , Ying Yulong , Zelenka Jaroslav , Plutnar Jan , Beladi‐Mousavi Seyyed Mohsen , Křížová Ivana , Novotný Filip , Ruml Tomáš , Pumera Martin
Published: July 2022

The development of fuel‐free light‐powered multi stimuli‐responsive microrobots is becoming a vital field in biomedical research. The challenge is to design biomedical robots with precise motion control and novel functionalities such that one day they will stand alongside medical staff as fully fledged partners in the delivery of advanced non‐invasive therapeutic procedures. In this study, a simple one‐step etching/polymerization procedure is used to fabricate crystalline metal‐organic framework structures surface‐coated with a conductive polypyrrole (PPy) layer and then enriched with Methylene Blue sensitizer molecules. Due to the PPy surface charge, the microrobots start to move when exposed to a visible light source, enabling the controllable accumulation of the microrobots at the focal point of the light beam. Furthermore, a self‐regulated motion is achieved by the PPy surface charge also providing a pH‐dependent switch capable of altering microrobot behavior. In vitro study is conducted to test microrobot efficiency against human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells. It is shown that the micromotors are able to penetrate and successfully destroy the cancer cells. The work provides proof‐of‐concept for a novel strategy in which such microrobots can be guided by an optical beam, can self‐regulate movement toward or away from each other, and can perform therapeutic functions with great efficiency.
Ternary‐Porous Conjugated N‐Halamine Nanofibers/Graphene Aerogels for Rechargeable Degradation of Mustard Gas
Authors: Yan Zishuo , Liu Xiaoyan , Si Yang , Dai Zijian , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: July 2022

Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are significant threats to human peace and global safety. Most of the personal protective equipment in service used to barrier CWAs is devoid of decontamination activity. Rechargeable N‐halamine‐based detoxifying nanofibers/graphene chemical protective aerogels (HNAs) with ternary pores bearing π‐conjugation galleries that can effectively capture mustard gas through halogen bonds and convert them into the nontoxic products are proposed. Microporous nanofibers together with graphene construct a robust lamellar conjugated system dominated by π‐π interactions, providing interconnected channels for rapid dispersion and diffusion of contaminated fluid. The resulting HNAs exhibit integrated performances of low density, hierarchical porosity, a speedy recovery after a significant deformation, rechargeable vesicants decontamination (half‐life of 1.52 min), and low filtration resistance. The successful fabrication of the intriguing materials provides new insights into the generation of reliable, rechargeable, structurally adaptable, and long‐term usable real‐time detoxifying adsorbents for chemical personal protective equipment application.
Laser‐Assisted Thermomechanical Thinning of MoTe2 in Nanoscale Lateral Resolution
Authors: Rho Yoonsoo , Kim Hyungjin , Javey Ali , Grigoropoulos Costas P.
Published: July 2022

A key feature of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D‐TMDCs) is that their properties are strongly dependent on their thickness, typically appearing in ultrathin mono‐ or few‐ layers. Thus, precise control of functional nanostructure is critical for fundamental research and applications in 2D‐TMDCs. Here, atomic layer precision thinning of molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) at nanoscale lateral resolution by introducing laser irradiated hot tip is demonstrated. The contact of the hot tip on MoTe2 surface promotes oxidation at nanoscale resolution which is simultaneously removed by thermomechanical scribing. This process completes the atomic layer precision thinning of MoTe2 while maintaining the high crystallinity of thinned MoTe2 flake. Further, the electrical properties of the MoTe2 flake are intact after thinning, which proves that the thinned MoTe2 flake obtained by these methods can potentially be utilized for device fabrication. It is believed that the work will enable applications of 2D‐TMDCs that require nanoscale resolution with controlled thickness.
Development of Low‐Temperature Doping Process in CdSe‐Nanocrystal Thin Films for Flexible Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Lee Yong Min , Jung Byung Ku , Ahn Junhyuk , Park Taesung , Shin Chanho , Ng Tse Nga , Kim In Soo , Choi Ji‐Hyuk , Oh Soong Ju
Published: July 2022

An effective surface‐doping strategy for CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) by examining the size‐dependency of the doping behavior is introduced. A CdSe NC thin‐film transistor (TFT) is fabricated via a doping process with InCl3 treatment followed by an annealing process. Spectroscopic and electronic device characterization reveal that smaller NCs are more effectively doped than larger NCs at all annealing temperatures. This is attributed to the larger specific surface area, where the dopant can be more readily coordinated. The degenerate behavior of a 3.3 nm CdSe‐NC TFT appears at a lower temperature than that of larger NC TFTs. High electron mobility and on‐to‐off current ratio of 1.79 cm2 Vs−1 and 5.2 × 105, respectively are achieved, in a low‐temperature annealing process (150 °C) with 3.3 nm CdSe NCs. This facilitates the fabrication of a flexible CdSe‐NC TFT, which is demonstrated on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate with an Al2O3 dielectric layer using atomic layer deposition. The flexible 3.3 nm CdSe‐NC TFT is successfully fabricated even at 150 °C, with a high on‐to‐off current ratio and low hysteresis at a low operation voltage, which is impossible for larger CdSe‐NC TFTs.
Achieving Excellent Energy Storage Properties in Fine‐Grain High‐Entropy Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Guo Jian , Xiao Wenrong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Ji , Wang Jing , Zhang Guangzu , Zhang Shan‐Tao
Published: July 2022

ABO3‐type high‐entropy relaxor ferroelectric ceramics have rarely been studied in energy storage capacitor owing to easy formation of impurity phase. In this work, single phase (Bi0.2Na0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2Ca0.2)TiO3‐xmol%PbO high‐entropy ceramics are fabricated and investigated. The optimal composition of x = 2.0 shows a remarkable comprehensive energy storage performance with high recoverable energy density Wrec = 8.2 J cm–3, ultrahigh efficiency η = 92.2%, excellent temperature stability (Wrec = 4.4 J cm‐3 ± 4%, η = 91% ± 3% within the range of 25–120 °C), and ultrafast discharge rate t0.9 = 5.9 µs. Three key factors, low remnant polarization Pr originating from high‐entropy enhanced relaxation degree, high maximum polarization Pm due to special electronic structure of Pb ion, and high electrical breakdown strength Eb stemming from small grain size, are responsible for the improved energy storage properties. These results provide a novel strategy of developing high‐entropy ceramics to optimize electrical performances including energy storage property.
Constructing Self‐Adapting Electrostatic Interface on Lithium Metal Anode for Stable 400 Wh kg−1 Pouch Cells
Authors: Zhao Peiyu , Li Yong , Chen Shengjie , Fan Hao , Feng Yangyang , Hu LinLin , Zhang Yanhua , Nie Qiaona , Pei Haijuan , Yang Cheng , Deng JunKai , Bao Chonggao , Song Jiangxuan
Published: July 2022

The realization of large‐capacity, high‐energy‐density Li metal battery technology is seriously impeded by dendrite growth and massive dead lithium formation upon cycling. Here, a stable flexible electrostatic self‐adapting polymer (poly(1‐benzyl‐3‐vinylimidazolium), (PBM)) interface is reported to regulate lithium‐ion deposition for dendrite‐free lithium metal batteries. The cationic PBM interlayer can adaptively tune the surface current density near the lithium/electrolyte interface, inducing a uniform distribution of current density and lithium ions and thus achieving dendrite‐free Li deposition under harsh conditions (lean electrolyte 8.75 µL mAh−1, high areal capacity >4 mAh cm−2). Moreover, the tethered phenyl groups endow PBM with a low reduction potential of −3.7 V versus standard hydrogen electrode by decreasing Hirshfeld charge at the reductive site. This avoids electrochemical reduction and therefore ensures the long‐term stability of the PBM interface. Consequently, the Li|PBM@Cu asymmetric cells deliver a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.38% at 8 mAh cm−2 with lean electrolyte. Notably, the 5.1 Ah LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2|PBM@Li pouch cell exhibits excellent cycling stability (0.011% decay/cycle) and high energy density (418.7 Wh kg−1) under realistic conditions (lean electrolyte 2.5 g Ah−1, high areal capacity 5.7 mAh cm−2, and high current density 2.7 mA cm−2).
Wastewater‐recovered struvite evaluation as a fertilizer‐phosphorus source for corn in eastern Arkansas
Authors: Omidire Niyi S. , Brye Kristofor R. , English Leah , Popp Jennie , Kekedy‐Nagy Laszlo , Greenlee Lauren , Roberts Trenton L. , Gbur Edward E.
Published: July 2022

The perception of wastewater as a resource rather than a pollutant has not been well emphasized. Phosphorus (P) can be precipitated from wastewaters as the mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), which can be a potential sustainable alternative to the limited, rock phosphate (RP)‐dependent, traditional fertilizer‐P sources for agricultural production. This field study evaluated the effects of electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST) and chemically precipitated struvite (CPST) compared with other conventional fertilizer‐P materials (monoammonium phosphate [MAP], diammonium phosphate [DAP], triple superphosphate [TSP], and RP) on corn (Zea mays L.) response in two consecutive growing seasons in a P‐deficient, silt‐loam soil (Aquic Fraglossudalf) in eastern Arkansas. Averaged across years, corn yield was numerically largest from ECST (12.9 Mg ha–1), which differed (P < .05) from all other treatments and was numerically smallest from DAP (10.1 Mg ha–1), which was similar to MAP (10.7 Mg ha–1), CPST (10.3 Mg ha–1), and RP (10.3 Mg ha–1). Corn yield and kernel P uptake from ECST were at least 1.2 times greater (P < .05) than from CPST, TSP, DAP, and RP. Yield from ECST was 1.2 times greater (P < .05) than from MAP. A partial budget analysis showed that, across both years, fertilizer‐P treatment net revenues for ECST were greater than those associated with the other fertilizer‐P sources. Results demonstrated that wastewater‐recovered struvite materials have the potential to be a sustainable source of P for corn production in P‐deficient, silt‐loam soil from both a technical and economic perspective.
In‐catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Azobenzenes to Hydrazobenzenes with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhang Fuqin , Liu Na , Wei Zixiang , Xu Jianbin , He Zhenxiu , Guo Yafei , Fan Baomin
Published: July 2022

A novel reducing system, In(OTf)3/PhSiH3, was developed, which smoothly and effectively hydrogenates a variety of azobenzenes to hydrazobenzenes. Azobenzenes with diverse functional groups were reduced to their corresponding hydrazobenzenes in high yields. The catalytic method utilized is simple and operates under exceedingly mild conditions.
An Efficient Access to 5‐(1,2,3‐Triazol‐1‐yl)isoxazoles – Previously Unknown Structural Type of Triazole‐isoxazole Hybrid Molecule
Authors: Vasilenko Dmitry A. , Dronov Sevastian E. , Grishin Yuri K. , Averina Elena B.
Published: July 2022

Since isoxazole and triazole have significant applications in pharmaceutical chemistry, the synthesis of hybrid isoxazole‐triazole molecules has attracted great attention. In the present study, an efficient method for the synthesis of 5‐azidoisoxazoles has been developed via chemoselective nitro‐group substitution of 3‐EWG‐5‐nitroisoxazoles with sodium azide through the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction. The resulting 5‐azidoisoxazoles are employed in CuACC‐reaction with a variety of alkynes, providing a straightforward approach for the synthesis of previously unknown structure type of biologically relevant 5‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)isoxazoles. Both reactions proceed with excellent yields and functional group tolerance under mild conditions.
Aniline‐Mediated Imination and Reduction of a Cage‐Opened C60 Derivative
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Murata Yasujiro
Published: July 2022

The imination of a cage‐opened fullerene C60 derivative was examined using N,N‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine. The desired imine derivative showed a remarkably intense near‐infrared (NIR) absorption band (λedge=1050 nm). According to theoretical calculations, the longest wavelength absorption is assignable to the HOMO→LUMO transition with a strong charge‐transfer character, in which the HOMO localizes on the introduced imine moiety while the high LUMO coefficients can be seen over the entire C60 skeleton. It should be noted that the two reduced compounds bearing an amine or methylene group were also formed in the reaction producing the imine derivative, the former of which again showed NIR absorption tailing to 1200 nm. In this reduction, the hydride source is considered to be α‐hydrogen of the diamine so that the use of N,N,N’,N’‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine increased the yield of the methylene derivative up to 20%.
Modification of halloysite nanotubes by hydroxyl terminated triazine‐based dendritic polymer for efficient adsorptive removal of Cd (II) from aqueous media
Authors: Zandi-Mehri Elham , Taghavi Lobat , Moeinpour Farid , Khosravi Iman , Ghasemi Saber
Published: July 2022

In the present study, the hydroxyl terminated triazine‐based dendritic polymer was synthesized and grown on the halloysite nanotubes surface (HNT‐G2) to efficiently remove the Cd (II) ions from aqueous solution. The nano‐adsorbent morphology and structure were determined through transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyzer, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller isotherm, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis methods. The adsorption of Cd (II) has resulted a maximum of 105.26 mg g−1 at 298 K at optimal pH 6. As research revealed the adsorption kinetic followed the pseudo‐second‐order model, while the adsorption isotherms corresponded the Langmuir model. Accordingly, it could be inferred that the Cd (II) was a single‐layer adsorption occurring on the adsorbent surface, and further, the rate‐controlling step was denoted chemical adsorption. Also, the thermodynamic results showed that the adsorption process could occur spontaneously; therefore, it was considered as an endothermic reaction. Surprisingly, the adsorption and desorption efficiency after four cycles was high, while the Cd (II) adsorption mechanism affecting the adsorbent was basically via chelation through the O atoms. Hence, it can be concluded that the HNT‐G2 was effective in efficiently removing of Cd (II) from the aqueous solution, having high applicability significance.
A benzimidazole‐linked porphyrin covalent organic polymers as efficient heterogeneous catalyst/photocatalyst
Authors: Wei Jiaojiao , Wang Dan , Li Jun , Zhang Jiale , Wang Ning , Li Jun
Published: July 2022

Porphyrins are selected as building units to synthesize porphyrin‐based covalent organic polymers (COPs), which can combine the excellent properties of covalent organic polymers with the fantastic catalytic effect of porphyrin to obtain a heterogeneous catalyst with excellent catalytic activity. In this work, the novel benzimidazole‐linked porphyrin COPs MPp‐BTA (M = 2H, Zn, Co) were synthesized using a new porphyrin with aldehyde group peripherally MPp (M = 2H, Zn, Co) and 1,2,4,5‐tetraminobenzene tetrahydrochloride (BTA) as monomers. The synthesized MPp‐BTA were carefully characterized by FT‐IR, UV–vis, SEM, TEM, TG, and PXRD. As heterogeneous catalyst, MPp‐BTA (M = Zn, Co) shows the high catalytic activity and stability for cycloaddition of CO2 with phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) under mild conditions (80°C, 0.1 MPa CO2), and the yield of cyclocarbonate can reach 95% and 92% respectively. In addition, the recycling stability of ZnPp‐BTA was investigated, and the yield of cyclocarbonate was still remained at 86% after five cycles. Furthermore, MPp‐BTA (M = 2H, Zn, Co) can be used directly as heterogeneous photocatalysts for selective oxidation of thioanisole to methyl phenyl sulfoxide. To our delight, H2Pp‐BTA shows satisfactory photocatalytic performance, and the yield of methyl phenyl sulfoxide can reach 93% in 4 h.
A review of fatty epoxide ring opening reactions: Chemistry, recent advances, and applications
Authors: Moser Bryan R. , Cermak Steven C. , Doll Kenneth M. , Kenar James A. , Sharma Brajendra K.
Published: July 2022

Fatty epoxides are produced from the corresponding alkenes by oxidation in the presence of peracids or other oxidants. The classic method is the Prilezhaev epoxidation in which peracids are generated by in situ oxidation of formic or acetic acids with hydrogen peroxide. Epoxidized vegetable oils and esters are used directly as biobased plasticizers and stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) or as important platform chemicals for the oleochemical industry. Nucleophilic attack at the oxirane moiety affords a variety of ring opened monomeric or polymeric products, which in many cases undergo further synthetic modification to yield finished products. The most common nucleophiles include water, alcohols, carboxylic acids, acid anhydrides, and amines, although numerous others can also lead to valuable functionalized fatty derivatives. This review summarizes the chemistry of fatty epoxide ring opening reactions as well as applications of the resultant products. Literature from the last 20 years will be emphasized, although older publications of particular significance will be included. Important applications include biobased lubricants as well as polyols for subsequent production of polyurethanes. In addition, ring‐opening reactions hitherto unreported on fatty oxiranes will be suggested to facilitate further advancements in the chemistry and utility of fatty epoxides. Finally, interest in fatty epoxides and their consequent products will continue to grow due to the simplicity, efficiency, and versatility of oxirane formation and ring opening as well as the continued societal transition away from petroleum to a sustainable, circular, low‐carbon, and biobased economy.
Organoid transduction using recombinant adeno‐associated viral vectors: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Belova Lyubava , Lavrov Alexander , Smirnikhina Svetlana
Published: July 2022

Cellular 3D structures, for example, organoids, are an excellent model for studying and developing treatments for various diseases, including hereditary ones. Therefore, they are increasingly being used in biomedical research. From the point of view of safety and efficacy, recombinant adeno‐associated viral (rAAV) vectors are currently most in demand for the delivery of various transgenes for gene replacement therapy or other applications. The delivery of transgenes using rAAV vectors to various types of organoids is an urgent task, however, it is associated with a number of problems that are discussed in this review. Cellular heterogeneity and specifics of cultivation of 3D structures determine the complexity of rAAV delivery and are sometimes associated with low transduction efficiency. This review surveys the main ways to solve emerging problems and increase the efficiency of transgene delivery using rAAVs to organoids. A clear understanding of the stage of development of the organoid, its cellular composition and the presence of surface receptors will allow obtaining high levels of organoid transduction with existing rAAV vectors.
Extending abbreviated error‐correction assessments to adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities
Authors: Braren J. Turner B. , Samaha Andrew L. , Livingston Cynthia , Cividini‐Motta Catia , DePaolo Karie S.
Published: July 2022

We extended Carroll et al. (2018) by evaluating the predictive validity of an abbreviated error‐correction assessment (abbreviated assessment) for four adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities. One abbreviated assessment and one validation assessment were conducted for each participant. We used a ranking procedure similar to Carroll et al. to analyze results of the abbreviated assessment and identify the most efficient error‐correction procedure (ECP) for each participant. Results showed high correspondence between the ECP identified during the abbreviated assessment and the most efficient ECP identified during the validation assessment for one of four participants, and moderate‐to‐low correspondence for the remaining three participants. Each participant's average rate of responding during each ECP was comparable across abbreviated and validation assessments, so we conducted statistical analyses to evaluate the strength of relation (Pearson's r) between assessment results. Overall, there was high correspondence between measures taken during both assessments for all participants.
MiR‐483‐3p improves learning and memory abilities via XPO1 in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Luo Gang , Wang Xiaoyan , Liu Changya
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common form of dementia, has been reported to influence 27 million individuals globally. Several risk factors including oxidative stress, gut microbiota imbalance, and cognitive activity are reported to be closely associated with the initiation or progression of AD. Although miR‐483‐3p was identified to be downregulated in AD patient serum. However, the biological role and mechanism of miR‐483‐3p remained unknown in AD. Here, we explored the role of miR‐483‐3p in AD.

Methods

Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with homocysteine (Hcy) to establish an AD animal model. The Morris water maze tests and contextual fear tests were conducted to assess the cognitive and memory abilities of rats. TUNEL staining was utilized to determine cell apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the binding relation between miR‐483‐3p and exportin 1 (XPO1).

Results

Homocysteine treatment (400 μg/kg) induced the learning, cognitive and memory defects of rats. miR‐483‐3p was downregulated in Hcy‐treated rat hippocampus. Functionally, miR‐483‐3p alleviated cell apoptosis and impairments of learning and memory abilities in Hcy‐treated rats. In addition, miR‐483‐3p inhibited cell apoptosis and protein level of AD‐associated factors (APP, BACE1, and Aβ1‐42) in PC12 cells. In mechanism, miR‐483‐3p was confirmed to target XPO1 in PC12 cells. XPO1 displayed high level in rat hippocampus and was negatively correlated with miR‐483‐3p levels. Finally, XPO1 overexpression rescued the suppressive effect of miR‐483‐3p on cell apoptosis and protein levels of AD‐associated factors.

Conclusions

miR‐483‐3p alleviates neural cell apoptosis and impairments of learning and memory abilities by targeting XPO1 in AD.
Urticarial rash as the initial presentation of COVID‐19 infection: A case report
Authors: Al‐Anbagi Usamah , Usman Shybin , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: July 2022

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, various skin manifestations have been described. These include an urticarial rash, morbilliform rash, maculopapular rash, vascular lesions, and varicella‐like eruptions. A 30‐year‐old woman presented with a mild cough, then hives and pruritic rash for 3 days, followed by fever, dyspepsia, and throat pain for one day.
Chelating and Construction Effects on a Self‐Assembled Blend for Electrochemical Lead (II) Detection
Authors: Magallanes Celeste , Méndez De Leo Lucila Paula , González Graciela Alicia
Published: July 2022

This work presents a study of self‐assembled platforms of polyelectrolytes constructed by drop casting on screen‐printed electrodes for lead (II) sensing. Infrared characterization by attenuated total reflection (ATR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out to evaluate the modification of the surface, its stability against treatment and the changes induced by the adsorption of lead cations. An equivalent circuit of the type R1 [R2 CPE1] CPE2 that explained the results for the actual surface modification was obtained. Linear correlations with lead concentration in the range of 0.5–2.5 mm were found by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and EIS techniques for solutions at pH 3. There was a particular concentration in which the presence of citrate increased the DPV reduction signal of lead while ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) diminished it.
A NASICON‐typed Na4Mn0.5Fe0.5Al(PO4)3 cathode for low‐cost and high‐energy sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Hao , Lai Wei‐Hong , Peng Jian , Gao Yun , Zhang Hang , Yang Zhuo , He Xiang‐Xi , Hu Zhe , Li Li , Qiao Yun , Wu Ming‐Hong , Liu Hua‐Kun
Published: July 2022

Developing low‐cost and high‐voltage manganese (Mn)‐based Na superionic conductor (NASICON) cathode materials have attracted extensive interest. The low capacity and cycling instability of Na4MnAl(PO4)3 (NMAP), however, limits its performance in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a binary Na4Mn0.5Fe0.5Al(PO4)3 (MNFAP) is fabricated to ease the structural instability and, in turn, deliver an improved reversible capacity of 102 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and a high energy density of 287.7 Wh kg−1. The synergistic interaction of Fe and Mn in Na4Mn0.5Fe0.5Al(PO4)3/C composite leads to a one‐phase solid‐solution reaction mechanism with high structural reversibility. Theoretical calculations have also been performed to explain the upshifted voltage platform of both Fe2+/Fe3+ and Mn3+/Mn4+ redox potentials. The rational design of NASICON‐type cathodes by regulating their composition with dual metal ions provides new perspectives for developing high‐performance SIBs.
Structural degradation mechanisms and modulation technologies of layered oxide cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Song Tianyi , Wang Chenchen , Lee Chun‐Sing
Published: July 2022

Renewable energies, such as solar and wind, have been explored and widely applied for alleviating problems associated with the depletion of fossil fuel resources and environmental pollution. The intermittent and fluctuating features of these renewable energies require development of efficient energy storage and conversion systems. Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered one of the most promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage due to the low cost and earth abundance of sodium resources. A major challenge for the practical application of SIBs is the development of appropriate cathodes with high energy densities and cycling stabilities. Layered oxide cathodes have received significant attention because of their relatively simple synthetic routes and high capacities stemming from their layered structures. However, they often suffer from moisture sensitivity and structural degradation upon repeated Na+ insertion/extraction, leading to severe performance fading. This review summarizes and discusses the degradation mechanisms of these layered oxide cathodes and modulation strategies for addressing the stability issues. Understanding the mechanisms behind structural instability would provide better insight for improving SIBs' cathode materials, which has critical implications for the designs and applications of SIBs as renewable energy systems.
GLeSI: A system for extraction of glacial lakes using satellite imagery
Authors: Thati Jagadeesh , Ari Samit
Published: July 2022

For outburst susceptibility assessment of glacial lakes, manual field survey is a time‐consuming, expensive, and very tedious process. Therefore, an automatic and reliable system is required for efficient extraction of glacial lake's from satellite imagery. Low spectral contrast and heterogeneous backgrounds of satellite images are the major challenges for finding information of the glacial lake's region. Therefore, to overcome these challenges, an automatic technique for extraction of glacial lakes using satellite imagery which is termed as GLeSI, is proposed in this article. In the GLeSI system, normalized cut (Ncut) segmentation technique with region adjacency graph and simple linear iterative clustering is proposed for accurate extraction of the glacial lake's region. The proposed system achieved an overall accuracy of 93.21%, 91.57%, 97.65% on Landsat 8 datasets for Imja, Chandra basin, and Bhaga basin glacier lake region, respectively. The qualitative and quantitative performance analysis shows the significant improvement of the proposed technique compared to state‐of‐the‐art techniques for extraction of glacial lake's region.
Strategies for the recurrent selection program in tobacco breeding for green leaf yield
Authors: Lima Marques Thaís , Villela Padua José Maria , Joseph Berger Irving , Patto Ramalho Magno Antônio
Published: July 2022

In conducting a recurrent selection (RS) program in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), inbred and noninbred progenies as well as double‐haploid (DH) progenies can be used. There is also the possibility of recombining the selected progenies using half‐sib (HS) or full‐sib (FS) progenies. To choose the best RS strategy, the breeder's equation can be used. When using inbred progenies with an allelic frequency other than 50%, one of the genetic variance components is the genetic covariance between additive effects and homozygous dominance effects (D1). This component may present negative values and is part of the numerator in the equation for gain from selection (GS). Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variance components in a tobacco population and compare the different strategies to conduct RS. From an RS population, HS, FS, and S1:2 inbred progenies were evaluated in different experiments. The dominance variance was null. In this condition, the estimate of D1 is not significant, meaning that D1 does not influence the GS in the RS program. With the obtained estimates, the GS was estimated for the seven different strategies for conducting the RS program. The use of DH lines in tobacco RS represents the best strategy. Other strategies allow expressive GS, such as the alternate use of inbred and FS progenies, for evaluation and FS progenies for recombination.