bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolutionarily conserved gene expression patterns for affective disorders revealed using cross-species brain transcriptomic analyses in humans, rats and zebrafish
Authors: Demin Konstantin A. , Krotova Nataliya A. , Ilyin Nikita P. , Galstyan David S. , Kolesnikova Tatyana O. , Strekalova Tatyana , de Abreu Murilo S. , Petersen Elena V. , Zabegalov Konstantin N. , Kalueff Allan V.
Published: December 2022

Widespread, debilitating and often treatment-resistant, depression and other stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders represent an urgent unmet biomedical and societal problem. Although animal models of these disorders are commonly used to study stress pathogenesis, they are often difficult to translate across species into valuable and meaningful clinically relevant data. To address this problem, here we utilized several cross-species/cross-taxon approaches to identify potential evolutionarily conserved differentially expressed genes and their sets. We also assessed enrichment of these genes for transcription factors DNA-binding sites down- and up- stream from their genetic sequences. For this, we compared our own RNA-seq brain transcriptomic data obtained from chronically stressed rats and zebrafish with publicly available human transcriptomic data for patients with major depression and their respective healthy control groups. Utilizing these data from the three species, we next analyzed their differential gene expression, gene set enrichment and protein–protein interaction networks, combined with validated tools for data pooling. This approach allowed us to identify several key brain proteins (GRIA1, DLG1, CDH1, THRB, PLCG2, NGEF, IKZF1 and FEZF2) as promising, evolutionarily conserved and shared affective ‘hub’ protein targets, as well as to propose a novel gene set that may be used to further study affective pathogenesis. Overall, these approaches may advance cross-species brain transcriptomic analyses, and call for further cross-species studies into putative shared molecular mechanisms of affective pathogenesis.
Diabetes-related research priorities of people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Germany
Authors: Borgmann Sandra Olivia , Verket Marlo , Gontscharuk Veronika , Bücker Bettina , Arnolds Sabine , Spörkel Olaf , Wilm Stefan , Icks Andrea
Published: December 2022

To investigate (i) the importance and priorities of research objectives for people with type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM); (ii) subgroups with specific research priorities; (iii) associated factors (e.g., sociodemographic characteristics) of the subgroups. The cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2018 using data from 869 respondents (29.0% response, 31.2% female, mean age 61.3 years, 62.7% T2DM) from a German statutory health insurance population. Diabetes-related research priorities were assessed with a questionnaire. Subgroups and associated factors were identified using latent class analysis. Three subgroups were found in T1DM: (1) high priority for the research topic ‘healing diabetes’ and moderate priority for the research topic ‘prevention of long-term complications’, (2) priorities for simplifying handling (high) and stress reduction (moderate), (3) priorities for healing diabetes (high) and simplifying handling (high). Three subgroups were found in T2DM: (1) priorities for simplifying handling (moderate), diabetes prevention (moderate) and prevention of long-term complications (moderate), (2) priorities for stress reduction (high) and diabetes prevention (moderate), (3) priorities for simplifying handling (high) and stress reduction (high). Classes differed in age and HbA1c. Knowledge about research priorities enables researchers to align their work with the needs of people with diabetes.
Using a 3D asymmetry index as a novel form for capturing complex three-dimensionality in positional plagiocephaly
Authors: Linz Christian , Faber Julian , Schmid Reiner , Kunz Felix , Böhm Hartmut , Hartmann Stefan , Schweitzer Tilmann
Published: December 2022

Positional plagiocephaly (PP) is the most common skull deformity in infants. Different classification systems exist for graduating the degree of PP, but all of these systems are based on two-dimensional (2D) parameters. This limitation leads to several problems stemming from the fact that 2D parameters are used to classify the three-dimensional (3D) shape of the head. We therefore evaluate existing measurement parameters and validate a newly developed 3D parameter for quantifying PP. Additionally, we present a new classification of PP based on a 3D parameter. 210 patients with PP and 50 patients without PP were included in this study. Existing parameters (2D and 3D) and newly developed volume parameters based on a 3D stereophotogrammetry scan were validated using ROC curves. Additionally, thresholds for the new 3D parameter of a 3D asymmetry index were assessed. The volume parameter 3D asymmetry index quantifies PP equally as well as the gold standard of 30° diagonal difference. Moreover, a 3D asymmetry index allows for a 3D-based classification of PP. The 3D asymmetry index can be used to define the degree of PP. It is easily applicable in stereophotogrammetric datasets and allows for comparability both intra- and inter-individually as well as for scientific analysis.
The impact of the first United Kingdom COVID-19 lockdown on environmental air pollution, digital display device use and ocular surface disease symptomatology amongst shielding patients
Authors: Recchioni Alberto , Makanvand Maryam , Poonit Natraj , Wallace Graham R. , Bartington Suzanne , Bloss William , Rauz Saaeha
Published: December 2022

Worldwide lockdown reduced air pollution during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationship between exposure to ambient air pollution, digital display device use and dry eye symptoms amongst patients with severe ocular surface disease (OSD) were considered. Symptoms and air pollutant concentrations for three different time periods (pre, during and post COVID-19 lockdown) were analysed in 35 OSD patients who achieved an immunosuppression risk-stratification score > 3 fulfilling the UK Government criteria for 12-week shielding. OSDI symptoms questionnaire, residential postcode air pollution data obtained from the Defra Automated Urban and Rural monitoring network for concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM) with diameters below 10 µm and 2.5 µm, and English Indices of Deprivation were analysed. Significant reductions in NO2 and NOx concentrations were observed between pre- and during-lockdown periods, followed by a reversal in the post-lockdown period. Changes were linked to the Living Environment outdoor decile. A 12% increase (p = 0.381) in symptomatology during-lockdown was observed that reversed post-lockdown by 19% (p = 0.144). OSDI scores were significantly correlated with hours spent on digital devices (r2 = 0.243) but not with air pollutant concentrations. Lockdown measures reduced ambient air pollutants whilst OSD symptomatology persisted. Environmental factors such as increased time indoors and use of bluescreen digital devices may have partly played a role.
Fusarium spp. associated with Chenopodium quinoa crops in Colombia
Authors: Fonseca-Guerra Ingrid Rocio , Chiquillo-Pompeyo Jhojan Camilo , Benavides Rozo Martha Elizabeth , Díaz Ovalle Javier Fernando
Published: December 2022

Quinoa is a plant commonly-resistance to adverse biotic and abiotic factors. However, this crop can be affected by phytopathogenic fungi. There is a lack of knowledge about the fungi associated with quinoa plants in Colombia. Through morphological and molecular identification in this study were identified four Fusarium species associated with quinoa crops: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium equiseti, and Fusarium culmorum. For this, we collected samples of panicles, leaf tissue, root tissue, and soil for isolation of different isolates of Fusarium. We performed a pathogenicity test of the fungi strains, under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the pathogenicity in seedlings of the Piartal cultivar with two inoculation methods. First inoculating the stem through a nodal wound or second inoculating the abaxial face with a brush. The results indicate the presence of four species with both molecular markers, phylogenetically distributed in these groups. The four species turned out to be pathogenic but with different degrees of virulence with significant differences between F. graminearum and F. oxysporum depending on the inoculation method. This is the first report on the presence of Fusarium species isolated from Quinoa in Colombia.
Topological signatures in the entanglement of a topological insulator-quantum dot hybrid
Authors: Castro-Enríquez L. A. , Martín-Ruiz A. , Cambiaso Mauro
Published: December 2022

In the present work, we consider a hybrid plexciton composed of a semiconductor quantum dot interacting with a topological insulator nanoparticle subject to an external magnetic field. Due to the topological magnetoelectricity of the nanoparticle, long-living plasmonic surface modes are induced, which are quantized and coupled with the quantum dot through its polarization operator. We consider the hybrid as an open quantum system, such that environment effects are accounted by the master equation in the Born–Markov approximation. Then, we apply the Peres’ positive partial transpose criterion to quantify the entanglement of the hybrid. We show that this entanglement is a direct signature of the $$\mathbb {Z}_2$$

Z
2

invariant of topological insulators.
3D structure of the Campi Flegrei caldera central sector reconstructed through short-period magnetotelluric imaging
Authors: Troiano A. , Di Giuseppe M. G. , Isaia R.
Published: December 2022

The Campi Flegrei caldera experienced an unrest phase dating to 2005, which primary expression is the impressive ground uplift, accompanied by increasing degassing and seismic activities. Such last two phenomena developed mainly in the caldera central sector, including the Solfatara–Pisciarelli complex. However, the inner structure of such an area is still not defined, and this originates a poor understanding of the ongoing unrest. This paper describes the results of a new magnetotelluric survey performed in the Campi Flegrei caldera central sector. Through the inversion of data collected in 47 independent soundings, a 3D model of the electrical resistivity has been retrieved, which evidenced a partition of the investigated structure. The Agnano–Astroni area seems to be associated with a liquid-dominated geothermal reservoir, whereas the Solfatara–Pisciarelli area seems to be characterized by a single mixed liquid and gasses-dominated geothermal reservoir, which supplies the main caldera fumaroles. The proposed reconstruction of the geometrical characteristics of the hydrothermal system and the primary fluid rising pathways gives substantial clues about the significance of the detected structures in the evolution of the caldera unrest.
ResNet-32 and FastAI for diagnoses of ductal carcinoma from 2D tissue slides
Authors: Praveen S. Phani , Srinivasu Parvathaneni Naga , Shafi Jana , Wozniak Marcin , Ijaz Muhammad Fazal
Published: December 2022

Carcinoma is a primary source of morbidity in women globally, with metastatic disease accounting for most deaths. Its early discovery and diagnosis may significantly increase the odds of survival. Breast cancer imaging is critical for early identification, clinical staging, management choices, and treatment planning. In the current study, the FastAI technology is used with the ResNet-32 model to precisely identify ductal carcinoma. ResNet-32 is having few layers comparted to majority of its counterparts with almost identical performance. FastAI offers a rapid approximation toward the outcome for deep learning models via GPU acceleration and a faster callback mechanism, which would result in faster execution of the model with lesser code and yield better precision in classifying the tissue slides. Residual Network (ResNet) is proven to handle the vanishing gradient and effective feature learning better. Integration of two computationally efficient technologies has yielded a precision accuracy with reasonable computational efforts. The proposed model has shown considerable efficiency in the evaluating parameters like sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1 Score against the other dominantly used deep learning models. These insights have shown that the proposed approach might assist practitioners in analyzing Breast Cancer (BC) cases appropriately, perhaps saving future complications and death. Clinical and pathological analysis and predictive accuracy have been improved with digital image processing.
Taurine, homotaurine, GABA and hydrophobic amino acids content influences “in vitro” antioxidant and SIRT1 modulation activities of enzymatic protein hydrolysates from algae
Authors: Terriente-Palacios Carlos , Rubiño Susana , Hortós Maria , Peteiro César , Castellari Massimo
Published: December 2022

Prevention and control of diseases and delaying the signs of ageing are nowadays one of the major goals of biomedicine. Sirtuins, a family of NAD+ dependent deacylase enzymes, could be pivotal targets of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to achieve such aims. SIRT1 activating and inhibiting compounds, such as polyphenols and bioactive peptides, have been proposed to be involved in the development of many human diseases. The objective of this work was to assess and compare the antioxidant and SIRT1 modulation activities of enzymatic protein hydrolysates (EPHs) from a wide number of algae species (24 commercial samples and 12 samples harvested off the Atlantic coast of northern Spain). High antioxidant activities were observed in EPHs from red and green seaweed species. Moreover, 19 samples exhibited SIRT1 activation, while EPHs from the 16 samples were SIRT1 inhibitors. Pearson's correlation test and Principal Component Analysis revealed significant correlations between (1) total peptide and hydrophobic amino acid content in EPHs and their antioxidant activities, and (2) concentrations of taurine, homotaurine, and amino acid gamma aminobutyric acid in EPHs and their SIRT1 modulation activity.
Premorbid beta blockade in sepsis is associated with a lower risk of a lactate concentration above the lactate threshold, a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Schneider Liam , Chalmers Debra , O’Beirn Sean , Greenberg Miles , Cave Grant
Published: December 2022

Sepsis and septic shock represent a significant worldwide mortality burden. A lactate greater than 4 mmol/L is associated with increased mortality in septic patients. This is the concentration at the “lactate threshold” where serum lactate concentrations rise markedly with increased workload in exercise. Hyperlactatemia in both sepsis and exercise is contributed to by adrenergic agonism which stimulates aerobic glycolysis, increasing lactate production and decreasing lactate clearance. Our hypothesis is that in patients with sepsis, treatment with beta blockers in the community will be associated with a lower probability of initial lactate ≥ 4 mmol/L. This was single centre retrospective cohort study. We used an in-house SQL Database for all admissions to ICU/HDU for the 2017–2020 calendar years. The dataset was filtered for an APACHE III Diagnosis of sepsis. T-tests were used for continuous data, Chi squared and Fisher’s exact test were used as appropriate to compare proportions. Logistic regression was used to investigate covariate effects. Of the 160 patient records analysed, 49 were prescribed beta blockers. A greater proportion of patients not prescribed beta blockers in the community had a first lactate ≥ 4 mmol/L (p = 0.049). This was robust to regression analysis. There was no difference in the proportion of patients with lactate ≥ 2 mmol/L (p = 0.52). In our cohort patients previously prescribed beta blockers were less likely to have a lactate of ≥ 4 mmol/mL. This supports the proposed mechanism that treatment with beta blockers increases the lactate threshold in sepsis. Further study is warranted.
Elevated serum urea-to-creatinine ratio is associated with adverse inpatient clinical outcomes in non-end stage chronic kidney disease
Authors: Brookes Elizabeth M. , Power David A.
Published: December 2022

To better understand the role of the urea-to-creatinine ratio in chronic kidney disease patients, we assessed the epidemiology of the urea-to-creatinine ratio among hospitalised chronic kidney disease patients, and the association between the urea-to-creatinine ratio and inpatient clinical outcomes. This retrospective cohort study (n = 11,156) included patients with at least two eGFR values < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 measured greater than 90-days apart and admitted to a tertiary hospital between 2014 and 2019. Dialysis and renal transplant patients were excluded. Adjusted odds ratios for factors associated with an elevated urea-to-creatinine ratio were calculated. Multivariate regression was conducted to identify the relationship between elevated UCR and inpatient mortality, intensive care admission, hospital readmission and hospital length-of-stay. Urea-to-creatinine ratio > 100 was present in 27.67% of hospital admissions. Age ≥ 65 years, female gender, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, heart failure, acute kidney injury and lower serum albumin were associated with elevated urea-to-creatinine ratio. Higher urea-to-creatinine ratio level was associated with greater rates of inpatient mortality, hospital readmission within 30-days and longer hospital length-of-stay. Despite this, there was no statistically significant association between higher urea-to-creatinine ratio and intensive care unit admission. Elevated urea-to-creatinine ratio is associated with poor clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease inpatients. This warrants further investigation to understand the pathophysiological basis for this relationship and to identify effective interventions.
Methodology of estimation of temperature mode in the 2xBgu type railway braking system
Authors: Yevtushenko Aleksander , Kuciej Michal , Grzes Piotr , Wasilewski Piotr
Published: December 2022

The article presents finite element models of the 2xBgu type tread brake for the simulation of extended repeated frictional heating carried out on a full-scale inertia dynamometer. The numerical calculations were conducted for the brake blocks made of two organic composite materials newly developed specifically for this study. The transient temperature changes obtained from the 2D axisymmetric and 3D finite element analyses and experimental data agreed well during continuous process of about 1200 s. Simulation of such a long period of braking sequence required introducing simplifications in the boundary conditions in the contact area, convection cooling, arrangement of the model (2D axisymmetric, 3D). The focus was laid on representation of variation of the coefficient of friction and the temperature dependence of the properties of the friction materials during braking. The carried out research indicates limitations in the finite element analysis and directions of necessary improvements in modelling as well as measurements with the use of embedded thermocouples.
Long-term residential sunlight exposure associated with cognitive function among adults residing in Finland
Authors: Komulainen Kaisla , Hakulinen Christian , Lipsanen Jari , Partonen Timo , Pulkki-Råback Laura , Kähönen Mika , Virtanen Marianna , Ruuhela Reija , Raitakari Olli , Rovio Suvi , Elovainio Marko
Published: December 2022

While sunlight may influence cognitive function through several pathways, associations of residential sunlight exposure with cognitive function are not well known. We evaluated associations of long-term residential sunlight exposure with cognitive function among a representative cohort of 1838 Finnish adults residing in Finland who underwent comprehensive cognitive assessment in midlife. We linked daily recordings of global solar radiation to study participants using residential information and calculated the average daily residential exposure to sunlight for four exposure time intervals: 2 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years prior to the date of the cognition assessment. Associations of the residential sunlight exposure with cognitive function were assessed using linear regression analyses adjusting for season, sex, age, and individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic characteristics. Greater average residential sunlight exposure over 2 and 5 years prior to the cognitive function assessment was associated with better global cognitive function (b = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.25; b = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.29, per 1 MJ/m2 difference in sunlight exposure), while no associations with global cognitive function were observed at shorter exposure time intervals. In domain-specific analyses, greater residential exposure to sunlight over 1, 2 and 5 years prior to the cognitive function assessment was associated with better performance on new learning and visual memory (b = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.20; b = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.28; b = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.31) and sustained attention (b = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.25; b = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.30; b = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.29), but worse performance on reaction time (b =  − 0.12, 95% CI =  − 0.22, − 0.02; b = -0.15, 95% CI =  − 0.28, − 0.02; b =  − 0.18, 95% CI =  − 0.30, − 0.05). Residential sunlight exposure was not associated with executive function. These findings suggest long-term residential sunlight exposure may be an environmental factor influencing cognitive function among a cognitively healthy cohort residing in Northern Europe. Further studies in populations residing in different geographical locations are needed.
Evidence to support the mechanical advantage hypothesis of grasping at low force levels
Authors: Rajakumar Banuvathy , Varadhan S. K. M.
Published: December 2022

Grasping an object is one of the several tasks performed by human hands. Object stabilization while grasping is a fundamental aspect to consider for the safety of grasped objects. Fingertip forces re-distribute to establish equilibrium when systematic variations are introduced to objects held in hand. During torque variations to the grasped handle, the central nervous system prefers to support the mechanical advantage hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, during torque production tasks, fingers with longer moment arm for normal force produce greater normal force than the fingers with shorter moment arm. The current study was performed to examine and confirm the factor that causes the central nervous system to employ this strategy. In addition to minimising the thumb’s contribution to hold the handle, thumb normal force was restricted to a minimal level. Such a restriction made the task even more challenging. Therefore, it was confirmed that the challenging task induces the central nervous system to employ the mechanical advantage principle.
Integrating age, BMI, and serum N-glycans detected by MALDI mass spectrometry to classify suspicious mammogram findings as benign lesions or breast cancer
Authors: Blaschke Calvin R. K. , Hill Elizabeth G. , Mehta Anand S. , Angel Peggi M. , Laronga Christine , Drake Richard R.
Published: December 2022

While mammograms are the standard tool for breast cancer screening, there remains challenges for mammography to effectively distinguish benign lesions from breast cancers, leading to many unnecessary biopsy procedures. A blood-based biomarker could provide a minimally invasive supplemental assay to increase the specificity of breast cancer screening. Serum N-glycosylation alterations have associations with many cancers and several of the clinical characteristics of breast cancer. The current study utilized a high-throughput mass spectrometry workflow to identify serum N-glycans with differences in intensities between patients that had a benign lesion from patients with breast cancer. The overall N-glycan profiles of the two patient groups had no differences, but there were several individual N-glycans with significant differences in intensities between patients with benign lesions and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Many N-glycans had strong associations with age and/or body mass index, but there were several of these associations that differed between the patients with benign lesions and breast cancer. Accordingly, the samples were stratified by the patient’s age and body mass index, and N-glycans with significant differences between these subsets were identified. For women aged 50–74 with a body mass index of 18.5–24.9, a model including the intensities of two N-glycans, 1850.666 m/z and 2163.743 m/z, age, and BMI were able to clearly distinguish the breast cancer patients from the patients with benign lesions with an AUROC of 0.899 and an optimal cutoff with 82% sensitivity and 84% specificity. This study indicates that serum N-glycan profiling is a promising approach for providing clarity for breast cancer screening, especially within the subset of healthy weight women in the age group recommended for mammograms.
Immune response and protective efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine S-268019-b in mice
Authors: Homma Tomoyuki , Nagata Noriyo , Hashimoto Masayuki , Iwata-Yoshikawa Naoko , Seki Naomi M. , Shiwa-Sudo Nozomi , Ainai Akira , Dohi Keiji , Nikaido Eiji , Mukai Akiko , Ukai Yuuta , Nakagawa Takayuki , Shimo Yusuke , Maeda Hiroki , Shirai Seiki , Aoki Miwa , Sonoyama Takuhiro , Sato Mamoru , Fumoto Masataka , Nagira Morio , Nakata Fumihisa , Hashiguchi Takao , Suzuki Tadaki , Omoto Shinya , Hasegawa Hideki
Published: December 2022

Vaccines that efficiently target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), are the best means for controlling viral spread. This study evaluated the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine S-268019-b, which comprises the recombinant full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S-910823 (antigen) and A-910823 (adjuvant). In addition to eliciting both Th1-type and Th2-type cellular immune responses, two doses of S-910823 plus A-910823 induced anti-spike protein IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. In a SARS-CoV-2 challenge test, S-910823 plus A-910823 mitigated SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced weight loss and death and inhibited viral replication in mouse lungs. S-910823 plus A-910823 promoted cytokine and chemokine at the injection site and immune cell accumulation in the draining lymph nodes. This led to the formation of germinal centers and the induction of memory B cells, antibody-secreting cells, and memory T cells. These findings provide fundamental property of S-268019-b, especially importance of A-910823 to elicit humoral and cellular immune responses.
Taxonomic assessment of two wild house mouse subspecies using whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Lawal Raman Akinyanju , Mathis Verity L. , Barter Mary E. , Charette Jeremy R. , Garretson Alexis , Dumont Beth L.
Published: December 2022

The house mouse species complex (Mus musculus) is comprised of three primary subspecies. A large number of secondary subspecies have also been suggested on the basis of divergent morphology and molecular variation at limited numbers of markers. While the phylogenetic relationships among the primary M. musculus subspecies are well-defined, relationships among secondary subspecies and between secondary and primary subspecies remain less clear. Here, we integrate de novo genome sequencing of museum-stored specimens of house mice from one secondary subspecies (M. m. bactrianus) and publicly available genome sequences of house mice previously characterized as M. m. helgolandicus, with whole genome sequences from diverse representatives of the three primary house mouse subspecies. We show that mice assigned to the secondary M. m. bactrianus and M. m. helgolandicus subspecies are not genetically differentiated from M. m. castaneus and M. m. domesticus, respectively. Overall, our work suggests that the M. m. bactrianus and M. m. helgolandicus subspecies are not well-justified taxonomic entities, emphasizing the importance of leveraging whole-genome sequence data to inform subspecies designations. Additionally, our investigation provides tailored experimental procedures for generating whole genome sequences from air-dried mouse skins, along with key genomic resources to inform future genomic studies of wild mouse diversity.
Pan-cancer analysis based on epigenetic modification explains the value of HJURP in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Li Junwu , Zheng Jun , Zhang Ronggui , Zhang Weili , Zhang Junyong , Zhang Yuanfeng
Published: December 2022

To analyze the expression levels, prognostic value and immune infiltration association of Holliday junction protein (HJURP) as well as its feasibility as a pan-cancer biomarker for different cancers. The Protter online tool was utilized to obtain the localization of HJURP, then the methylation of HJURP in tumors were further explored. Thereafter, the mRNA data and clinical characteristics of 33 tumor types from TCGA database were obtained to investigate the expression and prognostic relationship of HJURP in different tumor types. Finally, the composition pattern and immune infiltration of HJURP in different tumors were detected in Tumor Immune Estimation Resource. HJURP was abnormally expressed in most of the cancer types and subtypes in TCGA database. Also, it was associated with poor prognosis of different cohorts. At the same time, the results also showed that HJURP was related to tumor immune evasion through different mechanisms, including T cell rejection and methylation in different cancer types. Besides, the methylation of HJURP was inversely proportional to mRNA expression levels, which mediated the dysfunctional phenotypes of T cells and poor prognosis of different cancer types. Alternatively, our results indicated that HJURP expression was associated with immune cell infiltration in a variety of cancers. HJURP may serve as an oncogenic molecule, and its expression and immune infiltration characteristics can be used as a biomarker for cancer detection, prognosis, treatment design and follow-up.
Phase behavior of π-conjugated polymer and non-fullerene acceptor (PTB7-Th:ITIC) solutions and blends
Authors: Kim Jung Yong , Jarka Pawel , Hajduk Barbara , Bednarski Henryk , Szeluga Urszula , Tański Tomasz
Published: December 2022

Phase diagrams of ternary π-bonded polymer (PTB7-Th) solutions were constructed as a function of molecular weight, temperature, and electron acceptor species (ITIC, PC61BM and PC71BM). For this purpose, the Flory–Huggins lattice theory was employed with a constant χ interaction parameter, describing a binodal, spinodal, tie line, and critical point. Then, the morphologies of the blends composed of highly disordered PTB7-Th and crystallizable ITIC were investigated by atomic force microscopy. Subsequently, the surface polarities of the PTB7-Th:ITIC thin films were examined by water contact-angle goniometer, exhibiting a transition at the composition of ~ 60 ± 10 wt.% ITIC. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction indicated the presence of ITIC’s crystallites at ≥ 70 wt.% ITIC. Hence, the PTB7-Th:ITIC system was observed to undergo a phase transition at ~ 60–70 wt.% ITIC.
Longitudinal cardio-respiratory fitness prediction through wearables in free-living environments
Authors: Spathis Dimitris , Perez-Pozuelo Ignacio , Gonzales Tomas I. , Wu Yu , Brage Soren , Wareham Nicholas , Mascolo Cecilia
Published: December 2022

Cardiorespiratory fitness is an established predictor of metabolic disease and mortality. Fitness is directly measured as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), or indirectly assessed using heart rate responses to standard exercise tests. However, such testing is costly and burdensome because it requires specialized equipment such as treadmills and oxygen masks, limiting its utility. Modern wearables capture dynamic real-world data which could improve fitness prediction. In this work, we design algorithms and models that convert raw wearable sensor data into cardiorespiratory fitness estimates. We validate these estimates’ ability to capture fitness profiles in free-living conditions using the Fenland Study (N=11,059), along with its longitudinal cohort (N = 2675), and a third external cohort using the UK Biobank Validation Study (N = 181) who underwent maximal VO2maxtesting, the gold standard measurement of fitness. Our results show that the combination of wearables and other biomarkers as inputs to neural networks yields a strong correlation to ground truth in a holdout sample (r = 0.82, 95CI 0.80–0.83), outperforming other approaches and models and detects fitness change over time (e.g., after 7 years). We also show how the model’s latent space can be used for fitness-aware patient subtyping paving the way to scalable interventions and personalized trial recruitment. These results demonstrate the value of wearables for fitness estimation that today can be measured only with laboratory tests.
Evidence for a consistent use of external cues by marine fish larvae for orientation
Authors: Berenshtein Igal , Faillettaz Robin , Irisson Jean-Oliver , Kiflawi Moshe , Siebeck Ulrike E. , Leis Jeffery M. , Paris Claire B.
Published: December 2022

The larval stage is the main dispersive process of most marine teleost species. The degree to which larval behavior controls dispersal has been a subject of debate. Here, we apply a cross-species meta-analysis, focusing on the fundamental question of whether larval fish use external cues for directional movement (i.e., directed movement). Under the assumption that directed movement results in straighter paths (i.e., higher mean vector lengths) compared to undirected, we compare observed patterns to those expected under undirected pattern of Correlated Random Walk (CRW). We find that the bulk of larvae exhibit higher mean vector lengths than those expected under CRW, suggesting the use of external cues for directional movement. We discuss special cases which diverge from our assumptions. Our results highlight the potential contribution of orientation to larval dispersal outcomes. This finding can improve the accuracy of larval dispersal models, and promote a sustainable management of marine resources.
Reduced excitatory neuron activity and interneuron-type-specific deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Algamal Moustafa , Russ Alyssa N. , Miller Morgan R. , Hou Steven S. , Maci Megi , Munting Leon P. , Zhao Qiuchen , Gerashchenko Dmitry , Bacskai Brian J. , Kastanenka Ksenia V.
Published: December 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. These impairments correlate with early alterations in neuronal network activity in AD patients. Disruptions in the activity of individual neurons have been reported in mouse models of amyloidosis. However, the impact of amyloid pathology on the spontaneous activity of distinct neuronal types remains unexplored in vivo. Here we use in vivo calcium imaging with multiphoton microscopy to monitor and compare the activity of excitatory and two types of inhibitory interneurons in the cortices of APP/PS1 and control mice under isoflurane anesthesia. We also determine the relationship between amyloid accumulation and the deficits in spontaneous activity in APP/PS1 mice. We show that somatostatin-expressing (SOM) interneurons are hyperactive, while parvalbumin-expressing interneurons are hypoactive in APP/PS1 mice. Only SOM interneuron hyperactivity correlated with proximity to amyloid plaque. These inhibitory deficits were accompanied by decreased excitatory neuron activity in APP/PS1 mice. Our study identifies cell-specific neuronal firing deficits in APP/PS1 mice driven by amyloid pathology. These findings highlight the importance of addressing the complexity of neuron-specific deficits to ameliorate circuit dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease.
Transient phenomena in positive cloud-to-ground lightning discharges
Authors: Ding Ziqin , Rakov Vladimir A. , Zhu Yanan , Tran Manh D. , Kereszy Istvan
Published: December 2022

Positive lightning discharges to ground (+CGs) are relatively rare and considerably less studied than negative ones (-CGs). We present observations of unusual transient phenomena occurring in +CGs and discuss their mechanisms. One of them is a brief electric coupling to a concurrent -CG initiated from a 257-m tall tower located 11 km from the +CG channel. A transient process (stroke) in the -CG flash appears to cause a transient luminosity enhancement (M-component) in the +CG channel. In the course of these essentially simultaneous transients, positive charge is in effect taken from the ground at the position of the tower and injected into the ground at the position of the +CG channel. Recoil leaders reactivating decayed +CG branches near the cloud base are each observed to cause a transient luminosity decrease (dip), as opposed to the expected luminosity increase, in the +CG main channel.
Stripe correlations in the two-dimensional Hubbard-Holstein model
Authors: Karakuzu Seher , Tanjaroon Ly Andy , Mai Peizhi , Neuhaus James , Maier Thomas A. , Johnston Steven
Published: December 2022

Several state-of-the-art numerical methods have observed static or fluctuating spin and charge stripes in doped two-dimensional Hubbard models, suggesting that these orders play a significant role in shaping the cuprate phase diagram. Many experiments, however, also indicate that the cuprates have strong electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling, and it is unclear how this interaction influences stripe correlations. We study static and fluctuating stripe orders in the doped single-band Hubbard-Holstein model using zero temperature variational Monte Carlo and finite temperature determinant quantum Monte Carlo. We find that the lattice couples more strongly with the charge component of the stripes, leading to an enhancement or suppression of stripe correlations, depending on model parameters like the next-nearest-neighbor hopping$${t}^{{\prime} }$$t′or phonon energy Ω. Our results help elucidate how thee-ph interaction can tip the delicate balance between stripe and superconducting correlations in the Hubbard-Holstein model with implications for our understanding of the high-Tccuprates.
Magnon-cooparons in magnet-superconductor hybrids
Authors: Bobkova Irina V. , Bobkov Alexander M. , Kamra Akashdeep , Belzig Wolfgang
Published: December 2022

Generation and detection of spinful Cooper pairs in conventional superconductors has been intensely pursued by designing increasingly complex magnet-superconductor hybrids. Here, we demonstrate theoretically that magnons with nonzero wavenumbers universally induce a cloud of spinful triplet Cooper pairs around them in an adjacent conventional superconductor. The resulting composite quasiparticle, termed magnon-cooparon, consists of a spin flip in the magnet screened by a cloud of the spinful superfluid condensate. Thus, it inherits a large effective mass, which can be measured experimentally. Furthermore, we demonstrate that two magnetic wires deposited on a superconductor serve as a controllable magnonic directional coupler mediated by the nonlocal and composite nature of magnon-cooparons. Our analysis predicts a quasiparticle that enables generation, control, and use of spinful triplet Cooper pairs in the simplest magnet-superconductor heterostructures.
Analysis of urine by MIP-OES: challenges and strategies to correct matrix effects
Authors: Fontoura Beatriz M. , Barros Ariane I. , Nóbrega Joaquim A.
Published: December 2022

Non-spectral interferences caused by the urine matrix are investigated in MIP-OES together with the internal standardization calibration method and three levels of dilution (2-, 20-, and 200-fold).
Discrimination of whole grape juice using fluorescence spectroscopy data with linear discriminant analysis coupled to genetic and ant colony optimisation algorithms
Authors: Junges Carlos H. , Guerra Celito C. , Canedo-Reis Natalia A. P. , Gomes Adriano A. , Ferrão Marco F.
Published: December 2022

Development of a new method to classify grape juices using fluorescence spectroscopy data and chemometric tools.
A multi-kernel channel attention combined with convolutional neural network to identify spectral information for tracing the origins of rice samples
Authors: Wang Baosheng , Lu An , Yu Ling
Published: December 2022

An effective spectral information classification method can obtain deep and effective spectral data, and combine band processing and pattern recognition to realize the quality recognition of rice from different origins.
Perfusable cell-laden matrices to guide patterning of vascularization in vivo
Authors: Parkhideh Siavash , Calderon Gisele A. , Janson Kevin D. , Mukherjee Sudip , Mai A. Kristen , Doerfert Michael D. , Yao Zhuoran , Sazer Daniel W. , Veiseh Omid
Published: December 2022

Bioprinted hydrogels guide vascularization within pre-patterned channels, with some de novo vessels achieving diameters over 100 μm.
Finding a vocation for validation: taking proteomics beyond association and location
Authors: Long Marcus J. C. , Liu Jinmin , Aye Yimon
Published: December 2022

We discuss modern quantitative proteomics tools and underlying experimental design principles, to help readers chose suitable methods and workflows, as well as analyses and functional validation of the resulting data and targets.
Formation of distinct iron hydrides via mechanistic divergence in directed C–H Bond activation of aryl ketones, esters and amides
Authors: Garhwal Subhash , Panda Jatin , Fridman Natalia , Karton Amir , de Ruiter Graham
Published: December 2022

Chelation vs. metal-ring walking: directing groups determine the mechanism of C–H bond activation by an iron(0) PC(NHC)P pincer complex.
NMR methods for the analysis of mixtures
Authors: Dumez Jean-Nicolas
Published: December 2022

NMR spectroscopy is a powerful approach for the analysis of mixtures. This feature article describes a selection of methods that aim to address the complexity, the low concentrations, and the changing nature that mixtures can display.
Hydrogermylation initiated by trialkylborohydrides: a living anionic mechanism
Authors: Zaranek Maciej , Nowicki Mateusz , Andruszak Piotr , Hoffmann Marcin , Pawluć Piotr
Published: December 2022

A trialkylborohydide-initiated hydrogermylation of aromatic alkenes is reported along with a DFT-supported mechanism following the course of a ‘living’ process.
A near-infrared GPX4 fluorescent probe for non-small cell lung cancer imaging
Authors: Hu Qiao , Zhu Wanjie , Du Jianjun , Long Saran , Sun Wen , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun
Published: December 2022

A near-infrared fluorescent probe ENBO-ML210 was developed. In vitro and in vivo imaging results showed that it could target and visualize GPX4 in H1299 cells, exhibiting the potential for diagnosis of non-small lung cancer.
The effect of thermally treated AlN powder on PVT-grown single crystals
Authors: Kim Jeongwoon , Kim Yong-Hyeon , Shin Yun-Ji , Lee Dong-Seon , Bae Si-Young
Published: December 2022

Herein, aluminum nitride (AlN) powder is thermally treated via a thermocycle process for use in PVT growth.
Quantum circuit learning as a potential algorithm to predict experimental chemical properties
Authors: Hatakeyama-Sato Kan , Igarashi Yasuhiko , Kashikawa Takahiro , Kimura Koichi , Oyaizu Kenichi
Published: December 2022

Quantum circuit learning is examined to predict standard functions and molecular properties. The algorithm may be used for extrapolating predictions.
The chemical profiling and assessment of antioxidative, antidiabetic and antineurodegenerative potential of Kombucha fermented Camellia sinensis, Coffea arabica and Ganoderma lucidum extracts
Authors: Pavlović Mariana Oalđe , Stajić Mirjana , Gašić Uroš , Duletić-Laušević Sonja , Ćilerdžić Jasmina
Published: December 2022

The scientific interest in the medicinal properties of Kombucha beverages, a carbonated drink with live microorganisms, has increased recently.
Green synthesis of CdS/NixSy nanoparticles as a route towards sustainable and scalable photocatalysts
Authors: Sakizadeh John , Cline Joseph P. , Wolfe Eva , Thorpe Ryan , Snyder Mark A. , Kiely Christopher J. , McIntosh Steven
Published: December 2022

If hydrogen evolution photocatalysis are to be deployed at industrial scale, the synthesis of these photocatalytic materials must be both economically and environmentally scalable.
Portable general microfluidic device with complex electric field regulation functions for electrokinetic experiments
Authors: Guo Wenshang , Tao Ye , Mao Kaihao , Liu Weiyu , Xue Rui , Ge Zhenyou , Ren Yukun
Published: December 2022

A portable general microfluidic device (PGMD) with complex electric field regulation functions is designed to realize the portability of microfluidic system, and it is successfully applied in the estimation of microalgae concentration.
Microbial electrosynthesis: carbonaceous electrode materials for CO2 conversion
Authors: Lekshmi G. S. , Bazaka Kateryna , Ramakrishna Seeram , Kumaravel Vignesh
Published: December 2022

Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is a sustainable approach to producing fuels and value-added chemicals from anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2).
Partially cross-linked carbon nitride with unimpeded charge transfer between different chains for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zheng Fukai , Li Zonglin , Cao Xin , Mou Zhigang , Sun Shunping , Sun Jianhua , Lang Leiming
Published: December 2022

The cross-linking degrees of the prepared carbon nitrides can be controlled by the chloridion concentrations. The obtained heptazine-based, partially cross-linked carbon nitride (PC-CN) shows dramatically enhanced photocatalytic activity.
Correction: Pd/Ni-metal–organic framework-derived porous carbon nanosheets for efficient CO oxidation over a wide pH range
Authors: Ipadeola Adewale K. , Eid Kamel , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Al-Hajri Rashid S. , Ozoemena Kenneth I.
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Pd/Ni-metal–organic framework-derived porous carbon nanosheets for efficient CO oxidation over a wide pH range’ by Adewale K. Ipadeola et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2na00455k.
Frost formation through super-cooled water within micron gap of galvanic coupled arrays
Authors: Mekawy Moataz , Hirayama Ken , Sakamoto Yukihiro , Kawakita Jin
Published: December 2022

Detection of frost formation through super-cooled water within the micron gap of galvanic coupled arrays.
Synthesis of fully functionalised spiropyran pyrazolone skeletons via a formal [4 + 2] cascade process using β-nitro-styrene-derived MBH-alcohols
Authors: Reddy Yeruva Pavankumar , Anwar Shaik
Published: December 2022

Cascade synthesis of spiropyrazolone tetrahydropyrans was efficiently carried out under metal free conditions using β-nitrostyrene derived Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) alcohols.
Ionothermal synthesis of activated carbon from waste PET bottles as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ehi-Eromosele Cyril O. , Onwucha Chizoom N. , Ajayi Samuel O. , Melinte Georgian , Hansen Anna-Lena , Indris Sylvio , Ehrenberg Helmut
Published: December 2022

PET-derived activated carbons prepared by a facile method are promising anodes for sustainable lithium-ion batteries and ensure PET circularity.
Extraction of pigments from camellia seed husks and their application on silk fabrics
Authors: Chen Jie , Ni Yu , Mei Bohao , Jiang Huiyu , Wang Yunli , Chen Yangyi , Qi Huan
Published: December 2022

The camellia husk natural dye extraction process.
Synthesis of chiral-at-metal rhodium complexes from achiral tripodal tetradentate ligands: resolution and application to enantioselective Diels–Alder and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions
Authors: Tejero Alvaro G. , Carmona María , Rodríguez Ricardo , Viguri Fernando , Lahoz Fernando J. , García-Orduña Pilar , Carmona Daniel
Published: December 2022

A resolved chiral-at-rhodium complex catalyses asymmetric Diels–Alder and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with enantioselectivity of up to >99/1 er.
Metal complexes for catalytic and photocatalytic reactions in living cells and organisms
Authors: Madec Hugo , Figueiredo Francisca , Cariou Kevin , Roland Sylvain , Sollogoub Matthieu , Gasser Gilles
Published: December 2022

This review presents discrete metal complexes that catalyse or photocatalyse reactions within living cells or living organisms.