bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Key Generation for Graph Layer Security
Authors: Wang Liang , Wei Zhuangkun , Guo Weisi
Published: January 2025

Recently, the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has posed a challenge for securing information and avoiding attacks. Most of the cryptography solutions are based on physical layer security (PLS), whose idea is to fully exploit the properties of wireless channel state information (CSI) for generating symmetric keys between two communication nodes. However, accurate channel estimation is vulnerable for attackers and relies on powerful signal processing capability, which is not suitable for low-power IoT devices. In this article, we expect to apply graph layer security (GLS) to exploit the common features of physical dynamics detected by IoT sensors placed in networked systems to generate keys for data encryption and decryption, which we believe is a new frontier to security for both industry and academic research. We propose a distributed key generation algorithm based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) approach, which enables communication nodes to cooperatively generate symmetric keys based on their locally detected physical dynamics (e.g., water/gas/oil/electrical pressure/flow/voltage) with low computational complexity and without information exchange. In order to demonstrate the feasibility, we conduct and evaluate our key generation algorithm in both a simulated and real water distribution network. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has considerable performance in terms of randomness, bit agreement rate (BAR), and so on.
Dense Video Captioning: A Survey of Techniques, Datasets and Evaluation Protocols
Authors: Qasim Iqra , Horsch Alexander , Prasad Dilip
Published: January 2025

Untrimmed videos have interrelated events, dependencies, context, overlapping events, object-object interactions, domain specificity, and other semantics that are worth highlighting while describing a video in natural language. Owing to such a vast diversity, a single sentence can only correctly describe a portion of the video. Dense Video Captioning (DVC) aims to detect and describe different events in a given video. The term
DVC
originated in the 2017 ActivityNet challenge, after which considerable effort has been made to address the challenge. DVC is divided into three sub-tasks: (1) Video Feature Extraction, (2) Temporal Event Localization, and (3) Dense Caption Generation. In this survey, we discuss all of the studies that claim to perform DVC along with its sub-tasks and summarize their results. We also discuss all of the datasets that have been used for DVC. Last, current challenges in the field are highlighted along with observatory remarks and future trends in the field.
MPEG Column: 146th MPEG Meeting in Rennes, France
Authors: Timmerer Christian
Published: January 2025

The 146th MPEG meeting was held in Rennes, France from 22-26 April 2024, and the official press release can be found here. It comprises the following highlights:

•AI-based Point Cloud Coding: Call for proposals focusing on AI-driven point cloud encoding for applications such as immersive experiences and autonomous driving.

•Object Wave Compression: Call for interest in object wave compression for enhancing computer holography transmission.

•Open Font Format: Committee Draft of the fifth edition, overcoming previous limitations like the 64K glyph encoding constraint.

•Scene Description: Ratified second edition, integrating immersive media objects and extending support for various data types.

•MPEG Immersive Video (MIV): New features in the second edition, enhancing the compression of immersive video content.

•Video Coding Standards: New editions of AVC, HEVC, and Video CICP, incorporating additional SEI messages and extended multiview profiles.

•Machine-Optimized Video Compression: Advancement in optimizing video encoders for machine analysis.

•MPEG-I Immersive Audio: Reached Committee Draft stage, supporting high-quality, real-time interactive audio rendering for VR/AR/MR.

•Video-based Dynamic Mesh Coding (V-DMC): Committee Draft status for efficiently storing and transmitting dynamic 3D content.

•LiDAR Coding: Enhanced efficiency and responsiveness in LiDAR data processing with the new standard reaching Committee Draft status.
Preparation of Photoluminescent Zr-Eu Compound Films Based on Electrodeposited 3D Zirconium Oxyfluoride Films
Authors: Chigane Masaya , Nakamura Masashi , Mitamura Koji , Watanabe Mitsuru , Watase Seiji
Published: January 2025

Photoluminescent europium-zirconium compound films were prepared by immersing electrodeposited 3D zirconium oxyfluoride films comprising aggregates of sword-type leaf-like units, in a europium nitrate aqueous solution at 323 K. Characterization of the as-immersed films using X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed the deposition of EuF3 on the surface of the leaf-like units. Analysis of the films calcined at 773 K in air employing Raman scattering spectroscopy suggested that the films were composed of rhombohedral EuOF and Eu3+-doped tetragonal ZrO2. The red photoluminescence of the films at room temperature originating from the 4f–4f transitions of Eu3+ was investigated in relation to the site symmetry of Eu3+ in the crystalline phase. The red photoluminescence properties of the films were improved by calcination, which intensified the peak of the 5D0 → 7F2 transition at ~610 nm, called as the electric dipole transition (EDT). The EDT emission intensity of the calcined films increased with increasing Eu3+ concentration in the immersion solution, which was attributed to the dominant crystalline growth of rhombohedral EuOF showing lower Eu3+ site symmetry compared with Eu3+-doped tetragonal ZrO2.
Methods of Modifying the Content of Glucosinolates and Their Derivatives in Sprouts and Microgreens During Their Cultivation and Postharvest Handling
Authors: Michalczyk Magdalena
Published: January 2025

Sprouts and microgreens which belong to the Brassicaceae family contain significantly more glucosinolates than mature vegetables, and their composition often differs too. These plant growth stages can be a valuable supplement of the aforementioned compounds in the diet. The content and proportion of individual glucosinolates in sprouts and microgreens can be regulated by modifying the length and temperature of cultivation, the type of light, the use of mineral compounds, elicitation, primming, and cold plasma as well as storage conditions. The way in which sprouts are prepared for consumption affects the yield of glucosinolate hydrolysis. Genetic variation leading to different plant responses to the same factors (e.g., type of light) makes it necessary to conduct detailed studies involving species and variety diversity. Heat stress and the use of cold plasma appear to be fairly universal methods for increasing glucosinolate content. Studies on the use of light at different wavelengths do not provide unequivocal results. Despite experiments on the use of seed soaking solutions (e.g., sulfur and selenium compounds), there are no studies in the available literature on the effects of chemical and thermal seed disinfection methods on the glucosinolate content of the obtained sprouts and microgreens.
A Neighborhood-Level Hispanic Paradox: The Interaction among Hispanic Density, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Survival in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Hernandez Alexandra E. , Borowsky Peter A. , Nahodyl Lauren , Pinheiro Paulo S. , Kobetz Erin N. , Antoni Michael H. , Goel Neha
Published: January 2025

Background:

To evaluate the impact of Hispanic ethnic enclaves (EE) on the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and overall survival in patients with breast cancer.

Methods:

Data from patients with stage I to IV breast cancer diagnosed between 2005 and 2017 were used to analyze the effects of area deprivation index (ADI) scores, a measure of neighborhood disadvantage, and census tract–level Hispanic density, a measure of EE, on overall survival using mixed-effects Cox regression models. The final model included the individual-level factors [age, income, race, Hispanic/Latino origin, nativity, insurance status, and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, and body mass index)] and clinical factors (National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline–concordant treatment, stage, and receptor subtype).

Results:

A total of 5,387 patients were analyzed. Fifty-two percent resided in Hispanic EE. Enclave residents were predominantly White (93%), with Cubans the predominant subgroup (37%). Overall, there were 1,040 deaths within the cohort. Patients residing in highly disadvantaged neighborhoods (ADI tertile 3) within Hispanic EE experienced reduced HR compared with those outside of EE, evidenced by the interaction effect {EE × ADI tertile 3 − HR [95% confidence interval (CI)], 0.66 (0.44–0.98)}.

Conclusions:

Hispanic EE may protect against mortality in patients with breast cancer, suggesting that positive social factors help combat negative effects of neighborhood disadvantage for patients. Understanding the protective attributes of EE can help create effective cancer interventions and promote more equitable outcomes in minority populations.

Impact:

This study found that EE may protect against mortality in patients with breast cancer, suggesting that positive social factors may help mitigate the negative effects caused by the neighborhood.
FDA Approval Summary: Tovorafenib for Relapsed or Refractory BRAF-Altered Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma
Authors: Singh Sonia , Bradford Diana , Chatterjee Somak , Li Xiaoxue , Aungst Stephanie L. , Skinner Amy M. , Miller Claudia P. , Kim-McOlash Sarah , Fourie Zirkelbach Jeanne , Xiong Ye , Bi Youwei , Wang Ying-Hong , Yang Yuching , Sun Jielin , Kraft Jeffrey , Charlab Rosane , Shord Stacy S. , Tang Shenghui , Scepura Barbara , Bulatao Ilynn , Udoka Opeyemi , Saber Haleh , Rahman Nam Atiqur , Pazdur Richard , Singh Harpreet , Donoghue Martha , Drezner Nicole
Published: January 2025

On April 23, 2024, the FDA granted accelerated approval to tovorafenib, a type II RAF kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of patients 6 months of age and older with relapsed or refractory pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) harboring a BRAF fusion or rearrangement or BRAF V600 mutation. Efficacy was evaluated in FIREFLY-1 (NCT04775485), a single-arm, open-label, multicenter trial that enrolled patients 6 months to 25 years of age with relapsed or refractory pLGG with an activating BRAF alteration who had received prior systemic therapy. The major efficacy outcome measure was the radiologic overall response rate, defined as the proportion of patients with complete response, partial response, or minor response as determined by blinded independent central review using Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology criteria. A key secondary endpoint was duration of response. In an efficacy population of 76 patients, the overall response rate was 51% (95% confidence interval, 40–63), and the median duration of response was 13.8 months (95% confidence interval, 11.3–not estimable). The required postmarketing clinical trial (FIREFLY-2) was well underway at the time of accelerated approval. This represents the first FDA approval of a systemic therapy for the treatment of patients with pLGG with BRAF fusions or rearrangements.
Stanniocalcin 1 in Patients with Refractory Colorectal Cancer Treated with Regorafenib: A Post Hoc Biomarker Analysis of the TEXCAN and CORRECT Trials
Authors: Vienot Angélique , Vernerey Dewi , Bouard Adeline , Klajer Elodie , Kim Stefano , Tournigand Christophe , Louvet Christophe , André Thierry , Rousseau Benoît , Wespiser Mylène , Spehner Laurie , Wang Ying A. , Weispfenning Anke , Dochy Emmanuelle , Borg Christophe
Published: January 2025

Biomarkers for antiangiogenic drugs in chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are lacking. We investigated the relationship between stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) and outcomes in patients treated with regorafenib in the TEXCAN and CORRECT trials. Baseline plasma STC1 protein levels were measured by ELISA from patients with chemorefractory mCRC enrolled in TEXCAN (regorafenib n = 48) and CORRECT (placebo n = 211; regorafenib n = 435). The relationship between STC1 levels and overall survival (OS) was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. The median STC1 value was increased in patients with chemorefractory mCRC (1,211 pg/mL) compared with previously untreated patients (215 pg/mL). Using an optimized cut-off, STC1 was prognostic for OS [HR = 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.79–2.50; P < 0.001], with a median OS of 7.63 months in the STC1-low group (<1,436.87 pg/mL; n = 400) and 3.81 months in the STC1-high group (≥1,436.87 pg/mL; n = 246). The interaction P value of lactate dehydrogenase and treatment revealed no predictive effect of lactate dehydrogenase levels on OS in terms of regorafenib (P = 0.598). A predictive analysis suggested a significant association between STC1 and regorafenib for OS (interaction P = 0.049). The median OS with regorafenib versus placebo was 8.32 versus 6.54 months in the STC1-low group (HR = 0.83, 95% CI, 0.66–1.03; P = 0.087) and 4.41 versus 3.09 months in the STC1-high group (HR = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.49–0.84; P = 0.001). Altogether, high STC1 protein levels have a predictive potential to characterize a population of patients with chemorefractory mCRC and poor prognosis in whom regorafenib has an increased level of efficacy.

Significance:

STC1 is a protein secreted by intratumor endothelial cells in which plasma concentrations increase in patients with chemorefractory mCRC. Based on analyses of patients with refractory mCRC in the TEXCAN and CORRECT trials, we found that STC1 plasma levels had a prognostic role for OS, with high levels associated with poor outcome. A predictive role for baseline STC1 levels was pointed out for regorafenib efficacy.
Dudosas certezas. La contribución de Du sens II a la comprensión del conflicto entre historia y memoria
Authors: Vega Juan Luis Fernández
Published: January 2025

Desde 1990, la eclosión de las políticas de la memoria ha causado un agudo conflicto entre saber historiográfico y deber de memoria. Se trata de un conflicto que Greimas recoge en Du sens II como la polaridad entre verdad y certeza, “dos formas irreductibles de semiosis cuya coexistencia es difícil e ineluctable”. En el primer caso, una actividad científica, la historiografía, busca la verdad como corrección racional de la memoria. En el segundo, los ciudadanos quieren discursos basados en testimonios con significación presente. El análisis por Greimas del contrato de veredicción y de los discursos cognitivos permitió abordar estas diferencias y las dudosas certezas a que conducen. Dudosas porque las marcas de veredicción fiduciaria del discurso memorial no pueden reemplazar la veredicción lógica con que se presenta la verdad de la historiografía, pero esta a su vez resulta problemática. Du sens II coincidió con el inicio en Ricoeur de una larga reflexión sobre la narrativa histórica, que culmina con La Mémoire, l'histoire, l'oubli, de fuerte componente semiótico. Mostraremos la pertinencia de Du sens II para examinar el conflicto entre historia y memoria, tendiendo así un puente entre semiótica y hermenéutica. Constatamos que Greimas y Ricoeur convergen en la irreductibilidad y posible complementariedad de los polos historia-verdad y memoria-certeza.
Sobre o sentido II: sugestão de leitura
Authors: Cruz Dilson Ferreira da
Published: January 2025

This study seeks to demonstrate that, while it is still the consummation of a fundamental phase of semiotics and despite founding several of the theory's foundations that are still valid, Du sens II also sowed the seeds of the transformations that semiotics would undergo in the following years and which are still thriving today. To do so, we first look at general aspects of the book, such as the chronology and organization of the studies that make it up. This is followed by a brief analysis of Greimas’ preface and the central aspects of each of the eleven studies that make up the book. Finally, the conclusion seeks to highlight the perspectives opened up by the book and its effectiveness in the development of the theory.
Passions à bas bruit. Chroniques de l’attente numérique
Authors: Bertin Éric
Published: January 2025

Cet article vise à mettre à l’épreuve l’héritage greimassien de l’étude des passions, inaugurée dans le texte « De la colère » (Greimas, 1983, p. 225-245). On postule qu’il est possible de rechercher les traces et les modalités d’un processus de pathémisation des requêtes numériques, sous-jacentes à un matériau discursif essentiellement descriptif. C’est la notion d’attente numérique qui est au cœur du processus de pathémisation. C’est d’abord la « fenêtre d’attente » du moteur de recherche, en tant que composante médiatique, qui conditionne la disposition passionnelle du sujet numérique. C’est ensuite la reconnaissance de présuppositions modales, sous-jacentes aux requêtes, qui autorise à saisir les traces de la disposition affective de l’utilisateur. Enfin, la notion de schéma d’attente permet d’identifier sept schémas d’attente affectifs dominants, qui confirment bien l’emprise de la sensibilisation sur le sujet de l’attente numérique.
Duas (ou mais) questões sobre artes plásticas, crença e verdade
Authors: Teixeira Lucia
Published: January 2025

This article discusses two experiences involving the appreciation and valuation of plastic objects, relating them to the fiduciary contract established between the instances of production and reception of art — the attribution of authorship to a work and the curation of an exhibition. In the first case, the value of a signature is analyzed as a market and aesthetic gesture, and in the second, the scene of an exhibition of abstract paintings and figurative sculptures, which, by generating aesthetic effects and media repercussions, thematizes the problem of representation. In both cases, the main theoretical issue is the relationship between belief and truth in the field of plastic arts, based on Discursive Semiotics, particularly two chapters from A. J. Greimas’ book Du sens II, 'The Contract of Veridiction' and 'Knowing and Believing: a Single Cognitive Universe'.
Determinants of Racial and Ethnic Differences in Maternal Cardiovascular Health in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Cameron Natalie A. , Huang Xiaoning , Petito Lucia C. , Ning Hongyan , Shah Nilay S. , Yee Lynn M. , Perak Amanda M. , Haas David M. , Mercer Brian M. , Parry Samuel , Saade George R. , Silver Robert M. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Reddy Uma M. , Varagic Jasmina , Licon Ernesto , Greenland Philip , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Kershaw Kiarri N. , Grobman William A. , Khan Sadiya S.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Suboptimal cardiovascular health (CVH) in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. To guide public health efforts to reduce disparities in maternal CVH, we determined the contribution of individual- and neighborhood-level factors to racial and ethnic differences in early pregnancy CVH.

METHODS:

We included nulliparous individuals with singleton pregnancies who self-identified as Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black (NHB), or non-Hispanic White (NHW) and participated in the nuMoM2b cohort study (Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be). First-trimester CVH was quantified using 6 routinely assessed factors in pregnancy included in the American Heart Association Life’s Essential 8 score (0–100 points), in which higher scores indicate better CVH. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition evaluated the extent to which racial and ethnic differences in CVH were explained by differences in individual- and neighborhood-level factors (age, socioeconomic characteristics, psychosocial factors, nativity, perceived racial discrimination, and area deprivation index).

RESULTS:

Among 9104 participants, the mean age was 26.8 years, 18.7% identified as Hispanic, 15.6% identified as NHB, and 65.8% identified as NHW. Mean (SD) CVH scores were 76.7 (14.1), 69.8 (15.1), and 79.9 (14.3) in the Hispanic, NHB, and NHW groups, respectively (
P
<0.01). The individual- and neighborhood-level factors evaluated explained all differences in CVH between Hispanic and NHW groups and 82% of differences between NHW and NHB groups. Racial and ethnic differences in educational attainment explained the greatest proportion of differences in CVH. If mean years of education among the Hispanic (14.0 [2.5]) and NHB (13.4 [2.4]) groups were the same as the NHW (15.8 [2.4]) group, mean CVH scores would be higher by 2.98 points (95% CI, 2.59–3.37) in the Hispanic and 4.28 points (95% CI, 3.77–4.80) in NHB groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Racial and ethnic differences in early pregnancy CVH were largely explained by differences in individual- and neighborhood-level factors.
Impact of Frailty on Antihypertensive Treatment in Older Adults
Authors: Chen Linan , You Shoujiang , Ee Nicole , Rockwood Kenneth , Ward David D. , Woodward Mark , Liu Tao , Gao Yijie , Williamson Jeff D. , Anderson Craig S. , Harris Katie , Chen Xiaoying , Peters Ruth
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

The association between systolic blood pressure and all-cause mortality differs between frail and nonfrail individuals, highlighting uncertainties about the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatments in frail populations.

METHODS:

Using data from the SHEP trial (Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program), a baseline frailty index (FI), including 55 variables, was constructed. Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to explore the association between baseline FI and the risks of stroke, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause death, as well as to examine whether the impact of antihypertensive treatment on these outcomes was modified by baseline FI.

RESULTS:

A total of 4692 participants (mean age, 72.1 years; 56.7% women) were included, with a mean (SD) FI of 0.134 (0.061). During a median follow-up period of 4.4 years, FI was associated with a higher risk of stroke (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.10–1.39]; per SD higher FI), cardiovascular disease (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.09–1.26]), and all-cause death (hazard ratio, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.26–1.50]), after adjustment for age, sex, race, education and treatment group. Although those with higher levels of frailty were at higher risk for all outcomes, there was no evidence of an interaction between baseline FI and antihypertensive treatment (
P
for interaction >0.05 for all outcomes).

CONCLUSIONS:

In individuals with isolated systolic hypertension, antihypertensive treatment improved associated outcomes even among those with a higher degree of frailty. These findings from the SHEP trial reinforce evidence from other seminal antihypertensive trials, which collectively inform the appropriate treatment of frail individuals with hypertension.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00000514.
Usefulness of Myelin Quantification Using Synthetic Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Predicting Outcomes in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Toko Megumi , Nezu Tomohisa , Eto Futoshi , Aoki Shiro , Ohshita Tomohiko , Ueno Hiroki , Akiyama Yuji , Maruyama Hirofumi
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an innovative MRI technology that enables the acquisition of multiple quantitative values, including T1 and T2 values, proton density, and myelin volume, in a single scan. Although the usefulness of myelin measurement with synthetic MRI has been reported for assessing several diseases, investigations in patients with stroke have not been reported. We aimed to explore the utility of myelin quantification using synthetic MRI in predicting outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

METHODS:

Patients with acute ischemic stroke (n=101) with a premorbid modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 were enrolled. We performed MRI with a 3 T scanner, acquiring synthetic MRI data in addition to data acquired using the routine protocol; we measured total myelin volume (TMV) using synthetic MRI software. After hospitalization, a synthetic MRI was performed when the patient’s condition was stable, with a median of 7 days from onset to MRI. We examined the factors related to good stroke outcomes (defined by a modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2 at 3 months).

RESULTS:

Patients with larger TMV were younger, were more frequently male, and had higher body mass index. In addition, TMV was associated with the severity of white matter hyperintensities and total small vessel burden scores. The patients with good outcomes (n=66) had larger TMVs than those without (144.85±22.19 versus 126.62±21.81 mL,
P
<0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that the TMV quartiles were independently associated with good functional outcomes (odds ratio, 2.54 [95% CI, 1.12–6.70];
P
=0.025) after adjusting for baseline clinical characteristics including initial stroke severity, acute brain infarct volume, and brain parenchymal volume.

CONCLUSIONS:

A large TMV quantified using synthetic MRI was independently associated with good functional outcomes after adjusting for several confounding factors. TMV, which suggests the validity of myelin quantification, might be a useful indicator for predicting stroke outcomes.
Should I Stay or Should I Go (Later)? Teacher Intentions and Turnover in Low-Performing Schools and Districts before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Harbatkin Erica , Nguyen Tuan D. , Strunk Katharine O. , Burns Jason , Moran Alex J.
Published: January 2025

Teacher turnover is a perennial concern, especially in low-performing, high-poverty schools. While districts and schools may try to anticipate and mitigate turnover by surveying teachers about their future plans, existing research on whether teacher-reported intent is predictive of actual turnover behavior is mixed. Using unique survey data from teachers in 35 low-performing, high-poverty districts in Michigan linked at the teacher level to statewide administrative data, we are able to measure turnover behavior one, two, and three years following reported intent. We find that intent is a significant predictor of turnover and becomes increasingly predictive over time. We also find organizational commitment and school organizational conditions are important factors in teachers' intent and, to a lesser degree, actual turnover behavior.
How the Engagement of High-Profile Partisan Officials Affects Education Politics, Public Opinion, and Polarization
Authors: Houston David M. , Barone Alyssa
Published: January 2025

What happens to public opinion when prominent partisan officials intervene in education policy debates? We analyzed the results of 18 survey experiments conducted between 2009 and 2021 with nationally representative samples of U.S. adults. In each experiment, some respondents were randomly assigned to receive the current U.S. president's position on a specific education policy before all respondents were asked to indicate their support or opposition to that policy. Our results indicated that the engagement of high-profile partisan officials typically did little to move public opinion in the direction of the cue-giver's preferred policies. Instead, the chief consequence was increased polarization among the public along partisan lines. A key exception applied to endorsements of policies that diverged from the traditional position of the cue-giver's own party, which tended to shift aggregate public opinion modestly in favor of those policies. Such cross-party cues also had nontrivial de-polarizing consequences.
The impact of free-roaming dogs on lemurs in Madagascar: a decade of research and intervention
Authors: Valenta Kim , Rajaonarivelo Tsiky , Ferreira Angelique , Raharinirina Ange , Rafaliarison Radoniaina R. , Farris Alisha , Watson Jonas M. , deFrance Susan , Mayo Dominic , Filla Caitlynn , Ross Abigail , Bornbusch Sally L. , Satishchandran Siddharth , Kelly Thomas , Levy Julie K. , Randriana Zoavina , Farris Zach J.
Published: January 2025

Lemurs are the most endangered group of mammals on earth, and invasive species, including domestic dogs, are considered to be the second greatest threat to biodiversity after habitat loss. Here, we describe and summarize the challenges and results of a decade of research aimed at understanding the impact of dogs on lemurs, and efforts to humanely reduce dog populations in protected areas in Madagascar, to reduce their impact on lemurs and other wildlife, via the non-profit the Mad Dog Initiative. We have found that free-roaming domestic dog populations living in and around Madagascar’s protected areas both predate and displace native wildlife, and that the presence of dogs in forests drives a reduction of wildlife in forests. Additionally, dogs vector a number of pathogens that can have lethal consequences for lemur populations, as well as serving as important vectors of anti-microbial resistance. We propose several future directions for research, outreach, and capacity building in Madagascar and other low and middle income countries aimed at better quantifying the threat of domestic species on wildlife, and mitigating its impact.
Current concepts of high intensity interval training: a clinical commentary
Authors: Bidhuri D. , Kalra S. , Saher T. , Parveen A. , Ajmera P. , Miraj M.
Published: January 2025

Regular exercise produces a variety of physiological changes that improve exercise capacity and health, regardless of age, gender, or chronic illness status. Despite widespread physical inactivity due to time restrictions, High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has evolved as a popular and time-saving strategy for strenuous exercise that improves physical fitness by increasing maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and muscle power. HIIT, which consists of brief bursts of intense activity at or near peak effort interspersed with intervals of rest or low-intensity exercise, causes a variety of physiological changes that improve exercise capacity and metabolic health in both clinical and healthy populations. Given the expanding scientific understanding and broad use of HIIT, this clinical commentary seeks to thoroughly investigate its definition, parameters, scientific foundations, multifarious benefits, and evidence across varied groups and situations.
Adapting Responsibility to Protect (r2p) for a Multipolar World: Sovereignty, Intervention, and Veto Power
Authors: Cüre Fatih
Published: January 2025

This article discusses how the Responsibility to Protect (r2p) doctrine can evolve within a shifting global order, marked by multipolarity and declining liberal norms. It identifies three main challenges: sovereignty, selective implementation, and the use of veto power. Although r2p frames sovereignty as a responsibility, resistance from non-Western powers like China and Russia underscores the need to integrate diverse perspectives on state sovereignty, reflecting these countries’ growing influence in international norms. This resistance has exposed the fragile consensus around r2p within the United Nations, as inconsistent application has led to scepticism and diminished credibility. To sustain r2p’s relevance, the article proposes adapting the doctrine to align with geopolitical realities, advocating a nuanced approach that respects varied views on intervention while encouraging accountability in veto use for atrocity prevention. In doing so, it offers pathways for r2p to retain its humanitarian goals amid the complexities of a multipolar world.
Selective breeding of heat-tolerant black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae: gut microbial shifts and transcriptional patterns
Authors: Feng X. , Huang Z. , Ahmad S. , Ma C. , Zhu J. , Li K. , Peng G. , Tettamanti G. , Hu W. , Xu H. , Tian L.
Published: January 2025

The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have garnered great attention for their potential role in converting organic waste into high-quality insect proteins, providing valuable feed components for animal production and highly enriched organic manure for crop production. However, environmental factors such as high temperatures can compromise their productivity. To address this, we conducted selective breeding of BSFL at 40 °C, and the bred group was improved with higher body weight, survival rates, and substrate reduction after nine generations of breeding. Notably, the gut microbiota of the heat-tolerant colony was highly represented by the bacteria belonging to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, while the Bacteroidetes phyla were decreased. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the upregulated genes in 40 °C bred groups were primarily involved in biological processes such as Spliceosome, FoxO signaling pathway, longevity regulating pathways, Drug metabolism, and Xenobiotic metabolism via cytochrome P450. These findings provide a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying BSFL’s adaptation to heat stress, facilitating future industrial application advancements.
Morphological and genetic analysis of Sulawesi Rhacophorus and description of a fourth species endemic to the island
Authors: HAMIDY AMIR , RIYANTO AWAL , MUNIR MISBAHUL , GONGGOLI ADE DAMARA , TRILAKSONO WAHYU , MCGUIRE JIMMY A.
Published: January 2025

A new species of tree frog of the genus Rhacophorus is described from two different localities on Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. The new species is divergent morphologically and genetically, and is deeply nested within the monophyletic group of endemic Sulawesian Rhacophorus comprising R. edentulus, R. georgii, and R. monticola. The new species has a combination of distinctive morphological characteristics that distinguishes it from other Rhacophorus species, including from other Sulawesian Rhacophorus: medium size SVL 40.4–44.6 mm in males; 48.1–54.2 mm in females, males have sloped snout in lateral view, presence of vomerine teeth, absence of a bony crest in the occipital region of the skull, dorsal skin coarsely granular with white-tipped keratinized asperities, flank with white blotched pattern, dermal flaps absent on limbs, heel without dermal appendage, and tuberculate cloaca. The discovery of the new species enhances knowledge of the diversity of endemic Sulawesian amphibians and requires future conservation efforts, especially in light of ongoing threats such as agricultural expansion.
New species of Elaphidiini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) from Mexico and Central America, and new records in Cerambycidae and Disteniidae
Authors: HEFFERN DANIEL , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO
Published: January 2025

Five new species are described in Elaphidiini: Aneflomorpha spinifera sp. nov., from Mexico (Jalisco); Aneflomorpha makra sp. nov., from Mexico (Oaxaca); Aneflomorpha guatemalana sp. nov., from Guatemala; Aneflomorpha gracilenta sp. nov., from Mexico (Oaxaca); and Aneflus macraei sp. nov., from Mexico (Oaxaca). Additionally, new records are provided for: Susuacanga marcelae Botero, 2015 (Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae, Eburiini), with the female illustrated for the first time; Ameriphoderes cribricollis (Bates, 1892) (Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae, Rhinotragini); Spinestoloides hefferni Santos-Silva, Wappes & Galileo, 2018 (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Desmiphorini), with the male illustrated for the first time; and Novantinoe solisi Santos-Silva & Hovore, 2007 (Disteniidae, Disteniinae).
Integrative taxonomy of the genus Cyriotasiastes (Newman) (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) with the description of a new species from Mindanao Island Philippines
Authors: MEDINA MILTON NORMAN , LAM ATHENA W. , BARSEVSKIS ARVIDS , CABRAS ANALYN A. , DAM MATTHEW H. VAN
Published: January 2025

The genus Cyriotasiastes (Neman, 1842) is revised using a combination of morphological, biogeographic, and molecular data. Based on this, we proposed to erect the four species belonging to sub-species Cyriotasiastes rhetenor: C.rhetenor rhetenor, C. rhetenor mindorensis, C. rhetenor panayensis, C. rhetenor solsonanensis, as separate species with the following statuses: Cyriotasiastes rhetenor (Newman, 1842) stat. nov., C. solsonanensis Medina et al., 2023 stat. nov., C. mindorensis Vives, 2009 stat. nov., C.s panayensis Barševskis, 2018 stat. nov. A new species Cyiotasiastes mindanaonis sp. nov. is also described, this is the first record in Mindanao Island and the fifth species for the Philippine fauna. A key to the species in the Philippines is also provided.
One new species and one new record of family Photidae Boeck, 1871 (Amphipoda: Senticaudata) from Gujarat, India
Authors: THACKER DIMPLE , MYERS ALAN A. , TRIVEDI JIGNESHKUMAR N.
Published: January 2025

The present study was conducted based on the amphipod specimens collected from the Veraval coast of Gujarat state, India. From the collection, 2 species of family Photidae Boeck, 1871 were identified: Audulla sindhu sp. nov. and Latigammaropsis photisimilis (Ruffo, 1969). Audulla sindhu sp. nov. can be differentiated from its only congener Audulla chelifera Chevreux, 1901 by having gnathopod 2 propodus comparatively longer and slender and presence of uropod 1 inter-ramus spur. Another species Latigammaropsis photisimilis (Ruffo, 1969) is first time reported from India in the study which was only reported from Red Sea (Ruffo, 1969) till now.
Unlocking Digital Start-up Funding: How Innovation Intermediaries make It Happen. An Empirical Evidence from Italy
Authors: Gai Lorenzo , Bocchialini Elisa , Sarto Nicola Del , Ielasi Federica
Published: January 2025

Start-ups are pivotal to the contemporary economy, yet securing essential growth capital remains a considerable challenge due to financial constraints arising from asymmetric information, regulatory frameworks and market conditions. Extant research has rigorously examined both traditional and non-traditional funding sources, addressing the myriad obstacles that entrepreneurs encounter when seeking finance. Despite substantial scholarly attention to the role of innovation intermediaries in supporting start-ups, there remains a paucity of understanding regarding their facilitation of access to both conventional and alternative finance. This study, through a comprehensive analysis of 157 Italian digital start-ups, elucidates that innovation intermediaries significantly enhance funding opportunities across diverse sources, including equity crowdfunding, venture capital and traditional bank loans. The findings contribute to the academic literature highlighting the crucial role of innovation intermediaries in shaping the financial ecosystem for digital start-ups, providing nuanced insights crucial for fostering sustainable growth and innovation.
Exploring Fagonia cretica and Berberis lycium as α-Amylase Inhibitors: Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetes Mellitus Investigated Through In Vitro and In Silico Approaches
Authors: Chen Yan-Kun , Ahmad Imtiaz , Rahman Noor , Shafiullah  , Khan Haroon , Rastrelli Luca , Alam Said , Jardan Yousef A. Bin , Bourhia Mohammed , Jiang Changan
Published: January 2025

Background:

Growing diabetes prevalence prompts investigation into plant-derived compounds’ potential to inhibit α-amylase, offering novel therapeutic avenues for treating diabetes mellitus (DM).

Purpose:

In the current study, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Fagonia cretica and Berberis lycium were evaluated against α-amylase.

Methods:

The inhibitory activity of ethanolic and methanolic extracts was analyzed based on their IC50 values. An in vitro activity of α-amylase inhibition was performed, followed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of selected compounds.

Results:

Results indicated that F. cretica and B. lycium extracts have strong inhibitory effects against α α-amylase. In ethanolic and methanolic extracts, the methanolic B. lycium extract was the most potent with an IC50 value of 2.10 µg/mL; the ethanolic B. lycium, ethanolic, and methanolic F. cretica extracts also showed significant anti-α-amylase effects with IC50 values of 3.88, 4.09, and 7.26 µg/mL, respectively. Further, a total of 36 phytochemicals were docked against the α-amylase enzyme to explore the binding mode of these phytochemicals. Docking results confirmed that most of the phytochemicals accommodate well in the active site of α-amylase and made strong interactions compared to the standard drug acarbose. Also, the MD simulation results confirmed that both phytochemicals revealed greater stability than the standard acarbose.

Conclusion:

Based on these results, we concluded that the extract showed good effectiveness and further in vivo study is needed to manage DM.
Structural and property investigation of ceramic composite coating fabricated on titanium alloys by high power diode laser alloying
Authors: Monisha K. , Kumar S. Udhaya , Shariff S.M. , Vasa Nilesh J. , Senthilselvan J.
Published: January 2025

The laser alloying technique is proposed and demonstrated to synthesize titanium silver nitride-based (Ti-Ag-N, TiN/TiAg) composite coating on Ag electroplated Cp-Ti and Ti6Al4V substrates under nitrogen shielding. The laser alloying was carried out using a continuous wave mode fiber coupled diode laser at 980 nm laser wavelength. Nitrogen shielding was useful to avoid interference from atmospheric oxygen and induce the formation of titanium nitride (TiN) phases. The formation of the TiN/TiAg composite was confirmed through surface morphology studies. The microstructural features and microhardness values (around 1000 HV0.2) confirmed the formation of composite Ti-Ag-N phases in the titanium alloy surface. In Ti6Al4V substrate laser alloyed with Ag and N, the formation of dendrites and columnar growth of the composite phases were observed. Ag was homogeneously distributed in the Ti/Ni matrix, and as the Ag coating thickness increased, the average microhardness of the laser alloyed coating decreased slightly.
Large clones of Clonal Hematopoiesis affect outcome in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Results from The FIL MCL0208 Clinical Trial
Authors: Ragaini Simone , Galli Anna , Genuardi Elisa , Gandossini Martina , Alessandria Beatrice , Civita Aurora Maria , Evangelista Andrea , Amaducci Enrico , Stefoni Vittorio , Cavallo Federica , Ballerini Filippo , Puccini Benedetta , Vallisa Daniele , Michieli Mariagrazia , Pascarella Anna , Palmas Angelo D. , Patti Caterina , Lucchini Elisa , Careddu Maria Grazia , Merli Michele , Postorino Massimiliano , Boccomini Carola , Balzarotti Monica , Zilioli Vittorio Ruggero Ruggero , da Silva Maria Gomes , Bruno Benedetto , Rizzo Ettore , Ladetto Marco , Malcovati Luca , Ferrero Simone
Published: January 2025

Although recent evidence suggests that myeloid clonal hematopoiesis (M-CH) may influence lymphoma clinical outcome, its impact in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) remains unclear. Here, we report a comprehensive NGS-based analysis of the M-CH mutational landscape at baseline and follow-up in patients enrolled in the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL) MCL0208 phase 3 trial (NCT 02354313), evaluating lenalidomide maintenance versus observation after chemoimmunotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in untreated young MCL patients. Overall, 254/300 (85%) enrolled patients (median age 57 years [32-66]) had a baseline sample available for CH analysis. Using stringent criteria, at least one mutation involving M-CH candidate genes was described in 34 patients (13%), with DNMT3A being the most frequently mutated gene (54%). After a median follow-up of 7 years, the presence of large CH clones (VAF ≥ 10%) predicted worse PFS (HR 2.93 [1.36-6.31], p=0.006) and OS (HR 3.02 [1.21-7.55], p=0.018) compared to CH- patients. Importantly, the competing risks analysis demonstrates that the worse clinical outcome associated with M-CH large clones is linked to MCL progression (P<0.05). Moreover, large M-CH clones showed longer time to hematologic recovery after ASCT compared to the remaining cohort (p=0.026). In conclusion, we showed for the first time that large CH clones might associate with unfavorable clinical impact in MCL patients.
Physicians’ and patients’ perceived risks of chronic pain medication and co-medications in Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study
Authors: De Clifford-Faugère Gwenaëlle , Lacasse Anaïs , Nguena Nguefack Hermine Lore , Godbout-Parent Marimée , Boulanger Aline , Julien Nancy
Published: January 2025

Background

The risks associated with medications and co-medications for chronic pain (CP) can influence a physician’s choice of drugs and dosages, as well as a patient’s adherence to the medication. High-quality care requires patients to participate in medication decisions. This study aimed to compare perceived risks of medications and co-medications between physicians and persons living with CP.

Methods

This cross-sectional survey conducted in Quebec, Canada, included 83 physicians (snowball sampling) and 141 persons living with CP (convenience sampling). Perceived risks of adverse drug reaction of pain medications and co-medications were assessed using 0–10 numerical scales (0 = no risk, 10 = very high risk). An arbitrary cutoff point of 2-points was used to ease the interpretation of our data. Physicians scored the 36 medication subclasses of the Medication Quantification Scale 4.0 (MQS 4.0) through an online survey, while CP patients scored the medication subclasses they had taken in the last three months through telephone interviews.

Results

Persons living with CP consistently perceived lower risks of adverse drug reaction compared to physicians. For eight subclasses, the difference in the mean perceived risk score was > 2 points and statistically significant (p < 0.05): non-specific oral NSAIDs, acetaminophen in combination with an opioid, short-acting opioids, long-acting opioids, tricyclic antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and medical cannabis.

Conclusions

Divergent risk perceptions between physicians and patients underscore the necessity of facilitating a more extensive discussion on medications and co-medications risks to empower patients to make informed decisions and participate in shared decision-making regarding their treatments.
Treatment of gingival recession with vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access and advanced platelet-rich fibrin
Authors: Abdelhaleem Marwa , Saleh Wafaa , Elmeadawy Samah
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The current literature about the effect of advanced platelet rich fibrin(A-PRF) with vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) technique in treating gingival recession is scarce. Therefore, the aim of the current randomized clinical trial is to evaluate the effect of A-PRF with VISTA technique in the treatment of Cairo class 1 gingival recession (RT1).

Methods

Twenty-four patients who met the eligibility criteria were randomly allocated into two groups. VISTA + A-PRF was the treatment of the study group, while VISTA + collagen matrix was performed for the control group. The clinical outcomes were assessed by a single-blind assessor at baseline, three months, and six months. They were divided into primary and secondary outcomes. The primary outcomes included recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), gingival thickness (GT), mean of root coverage % (MRC%), and width of attached gingiva (WAG) while the secondary outcome included clinical attachment level (CAL).

Results

The primary outcomes analysis demonstrated statistically significant improvements in RD, RW, MRC%, GT, and WAG after 3 and 6 months in both groups (p < 0.001). However, the study group demonstrated a significantly greater improvement than the control group in RD, RW, and MRC%. No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding GT and WAG.

Conclusions

Both treatment approaches were effective in the treating of RT1 adjacent gingival recessions. A-PRF showed promising results compared to collagen matrix.

Trial registration

The current randomized clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Registration number: NCT06357351) and it was released on 10/04/2024.