bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Roles and Functions of Elementary School Counselors As Perceived By Administrators, Counselors, Teachers, and Parents
Authors:   , Peaslee Marilynn
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the roles and functions of elementary school counselors as reported by principals, counselors, teachers, and parents. The independent variables investigated were: position, district size, undergraduate major, schools with and without a counselor, age, gender, and years of experience. The instrument consisted of 38 items based upon the roles and functions of counselors delineated by the ASCA (1990). The scores from the five components and composite of the Counselor Roles and Functions Questionnaire were employed as dependent variables. The components were: Counseling; Consulting; Developmental/Career Guidance; Evaluation and Assessment; Guidance Program Development, Coordination, and Management; and Composite. The sample consisted of 318 subjects, including: 44 principals, 28 counselors, 123 teachers, and 123 parents. Five composite null hypotheses were tested. One hundred twenty-six comparisons plus 84 recurring comparisons were made using a three-way analysis of variance. Of the 42 main effects, 4 were statistically significant, and of the 84 interactions, 8 were statistically significant. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. counselors rated Counseling higher than principals, 2. respondents from larger districts (109-1837 enrollment) rated Developmental/Career Guidance higher than those from small districts (9-108 enrollment), 3. Respondents from schools with a counselor rated Developmental/Career Guidance higher than those from schools without a counselor, 4. Respondents from schools with a counselor rated Composite higher than those from schools without a counselor, 5. An association between undergraduate major and perceived counselor roles and functions, 6. An association between age and perceived counselor roles and functions, 7. An association between years of experience and perceived counselor roles and functions, 8. An association between gender and perceived counselor roles and functions, and 9. Interactions for undergraduate major and district size for the dependent variable Developmental/Career Guidance; district size and school counselor status for the dependent variable Consulting; undergraduate major and school counselor status for the dependent variable Counseling; district size and undergraduate major for the dependent variable Guidance Program Development, Coordination, and Management; age and years of experience for the dependent variable Counseling; age and years of experience for the dependent variable Guidance Program Development, Coordination, and Management; gender and years of experience for the dependent variable Guidance Program Development, Coordination, and Management; and age and years of experience for the dependent variable Composite.
Identification of the Perceptual and Interpretive Use of Language by Evangelical Christians
Authors:   , Addis Andrew
Published: February 2023

Religious leaders have seen the value of learning to communicate to specific audiences. They have attempted to gear traditional messages to contemporary formats using various communication techniques and language. Evangelical Christians are struggling to break down traditional walls that have separated them from other groups while retaining their original message. It is clear that language is dynamic and that what is true for the moment is often colored by semantic differences. The purpose of this thesis was to identify the perceptual and interpretive use of language by evangelical Christians. Individual perceptions, levels of abstraction, and adherence to a religious faith add to the complex workings of basic communication. This research found that there are perceptual, interpretive, and usage differences between evangelical Christians and other groups. There was a similarity of response among evangelical Christians. A need for further study of different words, additional usage, and other denominations and faith exists.
Guardians
Authors:   , Flax Nancy
Published: February 2023

Intended to remind the viewer of our dependence on the environment, my work is an artistic metaphor of that close relationship, physically, emotionally, and psychologically; a metaphor of our need to preserve this gift for future generations. We are the GUARDIANS.
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Reality
Authors:   , Conyers Wayne
Published: February 2023

What we call a work of art, whether it be a sculpture, a painting, a drawing, a pot, or a print, is the physical, tangible evidence of each artist’s continuing search toward defining that which is perceived as real. And being the egocentric creatures that we are, each person’s reality is highly subjective. I believe that it is within the search (process is everything) that meaning lies. And the expression of meaning is the true concern of the artist, not superficial statements of beauty. As I look at my paintings and prints, I find four basic issues that are central to the meaning of my work.
The Relationship Between Expected and Experienced Control and the Regulation of Skin Temperature Via Biofeedback
Authors:   , Lee Denny
Published: February 2023

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between the locus of control personality variable and successful alteration skin temperature through biofeedback training. Four groups of six subjects each were determined on the basis of their pre - treatment scores on both the Rotter I-E Scale and the Internal Locus ratio (OI/FI) of the Tiffany Experienced Control (EC) Scale. Those four groups were composed of the subjects who made up the four possible combinations of high and low scores on both the Rotter and Tiffany scales. All subjects were exposed to four consecutive daily temperature biofeedback training sessions. The dependent variable reflecting success at increasing skin temperature was analyzed within a fixed-effects, 2 X 2 X 4 repeated measures analysis of variance. Each subject rated his/her success at increasing skin temperature in terms of low, medium, or high following each training period. These ratings were then correlated with the \biofeedback success\ variable analyzed previously. Following the final training session all subjects were re administered the Tiffany and Rotter scales; pre-post change scores were than correlated with the \biofeedback success\ variable and the subjective ratings of success. There were no significant results in terms of conventional levels of significance. There was, however, a non-significant positive relationship between EC and biofeedback success. There were low positive correlations between final subjective ratings of success and the pre - post change scores on the Tiffany Ratio Scale. There was also a slight tendency for final subjective ratings of success to be associated with a shift toward externality on the Rotter I-E Scale.
Guides for Interscholastic Athletic Travel in Class B Secondary Schools of North-Central Kansas
Authors:   , Pate Joseph
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study is to secure facts pertaining to the subject that are in use at the present time throughout the chosen area. After analyzing the findings of the study and studying the literature, recommendations have been made.
Evaluation of Methods for the Restoration of Native Grasslands on Abandoned Center Pivots in the Sandsage Prairies of Southwestern Kansas
Authors:   , Barragan-Martinez Alonso
Published: February 2023

Throughout southwestern Kansas thousands of acres of native grassland have been converted to cropland for agricultural use, reducing native prairie by over 60% in the sandsage prairie. Due to low precipitation and arid conditions, much of these croplands are irrigated by center pivot irrigation systems fed by the Ogallala Aquifer. These fields are abandoned when the aquifers dry up, resulting in erosion of the unused farmland. Conservation programs such as the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) were established to address this problem but have been unsuccessful in restoring native grasslands in abandoned croplands in southwestern Kansas. We hypothesized that insect larvae infestation could be instrumental in the lack of vegetation establishment success. To address this, we investigated whether insecticide use would result in higher seedling survival and plant cover of native grasses. Using a custom seed mixture, we planted three strip plots in an abandoned center pivot located in Kearny County, Kansas and measured seed establishment and canopy cover in two transects per strip plot. The strip plots were divided into halves, with one half sprayed with insecticide and the other half used as a control. We found marginally significant difference in average median seed counts between unsprayed and sprayed plots, with sprayed plots having greater seedling counts. We also found significant difference in Total Plant cover and Planted Grass cover, with more Total Plant cover and Planted Grass cover in sprayed plots. We found that Pivot soil had greater amounts of carbon than Native soil. In 2020, we planted a total of three new strip plots in two new sites in Kearny County, Kansas, with the intent to evaluate which of three different frames worked better for seed counting – A small frame (20 cm x 50 cm), a larger frame (one m x one m), and a three-meter tract of seed row. We found a significant difference between the three frame types, but only the small frame was shown to be inferior to the other two types
Analysis of Students' Cognitive Style as Related to Their Level of Understanding Within the Domain of Mathematics
Authors:   , Patterson Tamara
Published: February 2023

Subjects were middle school students enrolled in a public school setting. Initially, students' cognitive styles were measured with the Test of Cognitive Style in mathematics which depicts three styles labeled as \Inchworms\, \Medial\, and \Grasshoppers\. Only students with Inchworm and Medial learning styles were found in this study. Subjects were given instruction on concept mapping. Following classroom instruction covering a unit of mathematics, students were given a list of words (i.e., concepts) pertinent to the unit and asked to construct their own concept map. Concept maps were scored using Novak and Gowin's (1985) methodology. Classroom test scores covering unit material were compared with cognitive styles. Data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlations and t-tests. General findings suggested Medial students exhibited higher total concept map scores. These students also exhibited better integration for mathematical concept meanings. They failed, however, to demonstrate understanding which was relational and hierarchical in nature. Results also indicated that Inchworm students did not achieve significantly better on the unit classroom test compared to Medial students.
Geology of Dinosaur Quarry, 7 1-2 Quadrangle, Uintah County, Utah
Authors:   , Niermeier Vickie
Published: February 2023

The Dinosaur Quarry Quadrangle lies in the southwest corner of Dinosaur National Monument, 1 1/2 miles north of Jensen, Uintah County, Utah. The rock units that crop out in the quadrangle range in age from Pennsylvanian to Quaternary. The Paleozoic rocks that crop out in the quadrangle are: (1) the Pennsylvanian Morgan Formation, a sand stone, shale, and limestone unit, (2) the Pennsylvanian- Permian Weber Sandstone, a massive, unfossiliferous sandstone, and (3) the Permian Park City Format ion, dominantly limestone with small shale and sandstone units. Triassic rocks consist of the Moenkopi Formation, a shale and siltstone unit, and the Chinle Formation, consisting of two members: (1) the upper member, a varicolored shale, siltstone, and sandstone; and (2) the lower Gartra Grit Member, a conglomeratic sandstone. The late Triassic (?) - Early Jurassic Glen Canyon Sandstone is a massive quartzitic sandstone. Jurassic rocks are represented by the: (1) Carmel Formation, a fluvial red shale, sandstone, and limestone unit, (2) Entrada Sands tone, a massive sandstone unit, (3) fossiliferous sandstone, limestone, and shales of the Curtis formation, and (4) Morrison Formation, consisting of continental deposits of variegated shales and sandstones . The Morrison Formation is well-known for its fossil dinosaur remains exhibited in the Dinosaur Quarry Visitor Center. Cretaceous formations exposed in the quadrangle include: (1) the Cedar Mountain Formation, a fluviatile shale and sandstone sequence; (2) the Dakota Sandstone, a nonmarine sandstone, (3) the Mowry Shale, a bentonitic, silver-gray shale, (4) the Frontier Formation; a sandstone and shale unit, and (5) the Nancos Shale, a thick sequence of marine shale with interbedded sandstone units. Quaternary deposits overlie the older formations in the quadrangle and consist of stream gravels and dune sand. Three main erosional surfaces are present: (1) the highest, the Jensen surface, (2) the Vernal surface, and (3) the lowest, the Thornburg surface. Other prominent geomorphic features in the quadrangle are the flat irons developed in the Park City Formation and the box canyons developed in the Weber Sandstone. Prominent surface structures located within the quadrangle are the Split Mountain anticline and the associated Cub Creek syncline. Three areas of faulting are present: (1) the fault on the north side of Split Mountain anticline displacing the Glen Canyon Sandstone, the Chinle Formation, and the Moenkopi Formation, and (2) two faults on the south side, each displacing the Mancos Shale, Frontier Formation, and the Mowry Shale. Dinosaur Quarry Visitor Center was designed as an in-place exhibit of dinosaurs. The fossils were reliefed on the quarry wall by two technicians and include nine saurischians and four ornithischians.
A Survey of Phreatophytes at Cedar Bluffs Reservoir
Authors:   , Goodman Clyde
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify and study the phreatophyte communities that occurred at Cedar Bluffs Reservoir, Trego County, Kansas. The phreatophyte vegetation was divided into seven types or communities and mapped on aerial photographs. Several measurements were made in stands representing each type. Fifty-nine transects were studied in typical locations in type I, 24 in type II, 11 in type III, 40 in each of types IV and V, 4 in type VI, and 8 in type VII. All transects were 50 feet long. Foliage cover, height, crown depth, and volume density were determined for each woody species. The age of every fifth tree was also determined. The extent and nature of each community were studied along with their relation to water table depth and soil texture, pH and salinity.
The Struggle For Woman Suffrage in Kansas
Authors:   , Smith Wilda
Published: February 2023

Although the women of Kansas have had the right to vote for only about forty-five years, most women today take it for granted and look upon it as something which they have always had. This thesis shows the steps by which women received full suffrage tram the very men whom they often antagonized by their methods, tactics, and attitudes. The author has also attempted to show that the right was not easily gained, but required the work of three intensive campaigns. In many instances, the greatest problem was the indifference of women themselves. The data used in this thesis came from the newspaper files, books, and manuscript materials of the Kans as state Historical Society Library at Topeka, the newspaper files, books, and documents materials of the Forsyth Library at Fort Hays Kansas State College, Hays, and from personal interviews with people who remembered the last campaign. In the appendix are tables and a map included to show the vote by counties on the proposed amendment in each election in which it was being considered. Although it is impossible to equate the actual effect of woman suffrage on Kansas government, the author has pointed out some possible results of woman suffrage. Chief among these are an increased interest in government on the part of women as well as a responsible use of the suffrage.
A Study of Music Education In The Senior High Schools of Western Kansas
Authors:   , Horn William
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to present the following specific facts regarding music education in the State of Kansas. (1) To survey the general status of music in the senior high schools of Western Kansas; (2) To ascertain the professional preparation and teaching experience of the music teachers in these schools; (3) To make a survey of the teaching load of the music teacher; (4) To learn the equipment of the music departments; (5) To study the finance and financing of the music departments; (6) To survey the music courses of the senior high schools; (7) To learn of the music activities; (8) To compare the status of music education in Western Kansas with the music education as outlined by the different state courses of study, and; (9) To aid in bringing about a reorganization of the music departments of the schools of Western Kansas and show the need for music in the high schools of Kansas and especially those of Western Kansas.
Simulation and Interpretation of Groundwater Flow in the Dakota Aquifer, Hays Area, Ellis County, Kansas
Authors:   , Muralidaran Karuppiah
Published: February 2023

The Dakota aquifer in the Hays area, Ellis County, Kansas is a major source of water for many users. The aquifer is composed of lower Cretaceous rocks overlain by Graneros shale and underlain by the Kiowa formation. This study develops a digital model of the Dakota aquifer in the Hays area. The model defines the flow system of the aquifer and will aid in its future development. Development of the model involved correlation of two hundred and twenty eight gamma-ray well logs of the aquifer and construction of structure contour and isopach map of the aquifer unit. This correlation network of gamma-ray logs will allow future explorationists to better evaluate water resources in the Dakota aquifer. The aquifer was simulated using a single layer finite-difference groundwater flow model (Graphic Groundwater©). The model indicates preliminary results. Pumping was the major stress applied in the model. It caused “reversed” flow, east to west direction. A decline of 2.49 feet in the potentiometric surface occurred during the transient model runs (February, 1994 to August, 1994).
The Validity And Reliability Of The Fort Hays State University Shuttle Walk Test
Authors:   , Wright Lynae
Published: February 2023

A variety of time limited, distance limited and incremental shuttle walk tests have been utilized to evaluate functional fitness. Most incremental shuttle walk tests require the same leg to always be on the inside of the walking pattern; therefore receiving more stress because the body’s mass shifts to the inside foot. Only one previous study used a figure-8 walking pattern, it was not used to measure functional fitness (Hess, 2010). The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Fort Hays State University (FHSU) shuttle walk test of functional walking fitness incorporating a figure-8 walking pattern. This study includes participants performing two different shuttle walk tests: the FHSU shuttle walk and the previously validated Modified Shuttle walk test (MSWT). Dependent variables were total number of shuttles completed, final walking velocity and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Independent variables were shuttle walk version (MSWT and FHSU), age and gender. Peak walking velocity during a single 10 meter walk was also evaluated. A Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was utilized to test for a significant difference total number of shuttles completed and RPE between the FHSU and MSWT. Test-retest reliability for both variables during the FHSU was also evaluated. Significant differences were found for total number of shuttles completed between the MSWT and FHSU. There was an increase in total number of shuttles completed during the FHSU shuttle walk (152.4 ± 52.21 shuttles) when compared to the Modified Shuttle Walk test (MSWT) (132.9 ± 48.12 shuttles). No significant differences were found in the total number of shuttles completed by participants who performed the same FHSU shuttle walk both days or in RPE for either group. The results indicate that performance during the shuttle walk test is independent of age and gender. The FHSU test can be considered valid and reliable although it results in more total shuttles completed than the MSWT.
An Observational Study of How Elementary Non-Disabled Students Are Academically and Behaviorally Affected by the Inclusion of a Student with Mental Retardation in the General Education Classroom
Authors:   , Boone Denise
Published: February 2023

The current trend in special education involves providing services for students with disabilities in general education settings instead of pull-out programs (Cheney & Muscott, 1996), even students with mental retardation (MR). While inclusion may benefit students with disabilities, little is known concerning how inclusive education impacts the learning opportunities of the other students in the classroom. The current observational study involved four second grade students without disabilities (2 male and 2 female) in a classroom in which a student with MR was included. The purpose of this study was to record and analyze the academic responding (AR) and inappropriate behaviors (IB) that were exhibited by the nondisabled students in three conditions: (a) when the student with MR was in the classroom without the assistance of a full-time paraprofessional (para); (b) when the student with MR was accompanied by the para; and (c) when the student with MR and the para were absent from the classroom. Within an alternating treatments design, the results indicated that the studentsâ€™ AR was lowest when the student with MR was in the classroom without the help of the para, higher when the student with MR received para assistance, and highest when the student with MR and para were out of the room. Conversely, the studentsâ€™ IB were highest when the para was not present to assist the student with MR, lower when the para was available, and lowest when the student with MR and his para left the classroom. Implications for service delivery and future research were discussed.
The Effects of Animal-Assisted Therapy on the Self-Reported Test Anxiety in 6th Grade Students with Test Anxiety
Authors: Markus Jon , null null , null null , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

While there have been numerous studies showing animal-assisted therapy’s (AAT) positive influence on students’ reading proficiency in school settings and patients’ anxiety levels in hospital settings, little data exists showing the relationship between AAT and the reduction in anxiety, specifically test anxiety, in school children. This sixteen-week study investigated the effects of AAT on student, self-reported test anxiety. Participants in this study were only those students with high and extremely high levels of test anxiety. Using an AB research design, participants received no AAT prior to or during academic testing during the baseline. At the start of the intervention, participants received training on how to utilize a therapy dog’s influence during academic testing. Participants were also provided a therapy dog during academic testing. It was predicted that participants’ self-reported test anxiety scores would decrease on the Westside Test Anxiety Scale from the baseline to the end of the intervention phase due to the implementation of ATT. Statistical analysis was done with a dependent samples t-test, comparing the results of the baseline to those of the treatment. This analysis confirmed this researchers hypothesis that the intervention of AAT provided some relief from test anxiety in 6th grade students with high to extremely high-test anxiety.
Static Water Level Fluctuations of the Big Creek Alluvial Aquifer in the Vine Street Area, Hays, Ellis County, Kansas, 1993-1994
Authors:   , Schmidt Karen
Published: February 2023

Seventeen surveyed wells were monitored over a 14-month period along Vine Street, Hays, Ellis County, Kansas. Water levels were obtained monthly and increased to bimonthly during the warm months, and the results were compared to precipitation accumulations, well locations, associated lithology, overlying soils, and evapotranspiration were used to determine the relationship between precipitation infiltration and fluctuations of the water table. Graphed data reveal that increased precipitation had an overall positive effect upon the water table. Increasing thickness of silt and clay sediments towards the northern part of the study area retards infiltration, whereas towards the south, thicker sand and gravel sediments increase infiltration, thereby increasing recharge to the Big Creek Aquifer. In order to gain a better understanding of the heterogeneous, unconfined, shallow aquifer, the area of study was divided into thirds revealing different results for the hydraulic gradient and saturated thickness. The Blue Hill Shale's undulating, highly dissected surface has a direct influence upon the direction of groundwater flow and, to an extent, the hydraulic gradient. Pumpage of the public water supply wells changes the direction of groundwater flow, and increases the hydraulic gradient.
Therapists' Emotional Arousal: Degrees of Anger
Authors:   , Ginther Bonnie
Published: February 2023

A status-survey design was employed to determine the degree of anger selected client behaviors evoked within practicing therapists and practicum students in training to become therapists. Returned, usable questionnaires included response of 200 therapists from university and mental health settings in a single state: 47 were doctoral level, 106 were master’s level, and 47 were practicum students; 107 of the 200 were from university settings while 93 were from mental health settings; 107 participants were female and 93 were male. Six null hypotheses were tested, two employing analysis of variance and four using chi square. Each analysis of variance tested six different arrangements, resulting in tests of 30 main effects, 30 interactions, and four chi squares. Fourteen results were statistically significant at the .05 level and 50 were not significant at that level. The statistically significant results were: (a) interaction between level of formal education and work setting; (b) the chi square statistic between years of experience, in which greater than two years was compared with less than two years experience as a therapist; and (c) main effects for work setting, gender, and years of experience for one of the following scales: (1) resistance, (2) imposition on or attempted manipulation of the therapist, (3) display of apparent disrespect for the therapist, (4) refusal to accept responsibility or display of overt disdain for others, (5) other, and (6) Total (scale scores combined). Statistically significant results indicated (a) therapists from mental health settings reported a greater degree of anger toward clients than did therapists from university settings, (b) females reported a greater degree of anger toward clients than did males, and (c) therapists with greater than two years experience reported more frequently their approval for the direct/unmistakable expression of anger to clients than did therapists with less than two years experience. There was an inverse correlation between years of experience and total emotional arousal scores; therapists with the most experience reported the lowest degree of anger. Yet, relatively inexperienced therapists reported less frequently their approval for the direct/unmistakable expression of anger to clients than did more experienced therapists.
Root-Rhizome Production in a Mixed Prairie Grassland in Western Kansas
Authors:   , Bartos Dale
Published: February 2023

Root system production in a Mixed Prairie grassland in Western Kansas was found to vary from 3,129 g/m2 prior to resumption of growth to a low of 2,231 g/m2 during the winter. Root-rhizome were most abundant (58%) in the top 3 inches of the profile. In the A1 horizon (top 6 in.) 77% of the root systems occurred. Annual increment for the A1 horizon was 686 g/m2 and the AC horizon was 304 g/m2. These annual increments were approximately 25% of the total dry matter, thus, suggesting a turnover rate of approximately 4 years. Total aerial biomass ranged from a high of 1,714 g/m2 in December to a low of 1,351 g/m2 in March with a fresh mulch contributing a significant amount more than green herbage, standing cured, and humic mulch. Decay constants increased with depth from a low of 2.7% in the top 3 in. and 155.9% in the 9-12 in. layer. The time required to reach 99% equilibrium was found to be 191 years for the A1 horizon and 21 years for the AC horizon.
Achievement of Pupils At Upper Grade Levels in Russell County, Kansas
Authors:   , Dillon Lawrence
Published: February 2023

The use of tests and measurements has been fascinating to the writer through several years of school experience. How much pupils learn, whether they measure up to other pupils and in what fields of knowledge they excel have been questions to which the answers were always interesting. Therefore, when it became a possibility to use results of a state-wide testing program as thesis material it was at once accepted. The work has been interesting and the findings justify the labor involved, in the opinion of the writer.
College Students Knowledge, Behaviors, and Beliefs About HIV/AIDS
Authors:   , Fundis-Herlan Tamara
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate knowledge, behavior, and prevention beliefs of college students pertaining to HIV/AIDS. The Independent variables were. Gender, Behavior, AIDS education, and media form which most information about HIV/AIDS was gained. Dependent variables were the scores from the following components of the Knowledge/Behaviors/Beliefs about Prevention of HIV/AID test; Knowledge scores and Beliefs about Prevention scales Self-Efficacy, Peer Support for Safe Acts, Self Control, Expectation to Act to Prevent Pregnancy, Perceived Threat, and Total. The total sample consisted of 226 students enrolled at Fort Hays State University in the Spring semester of 1996. Two composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level employing a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). A total of 77 comparisons were made, plus 21 recurring. Of the 77 comparisons, 28 were for main effects and 49 were for interactions. Of the 28 main effects, 7 were statistically significant at the .05 level. OF the 49 interactions, 12 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the present study seem to support the following generalizations. 1. Females have a more positive attitude about HIV/Aids prevention than males, 2. Students with very high risk behavior have a more positive attitude HIV/Aids prevention than those students in the very low risk behavior group and the high risk behavior group. 3. The gender and behavior of the students should be interpreted concurrently for Self Efficacy, 4. The behavior and AIDS education of the students should be interpreted concurrently for Self Efficacy, 5. The gender and behavior of the students should be interpreted concurrently for Peer Support for Safe Acts, 6. The gender and behavior of the students should be interpreted concurrently for Self Control, 7. The gender and AIDS education of the students should be interpreted concurrently for Expectation to Act to Prevent Pregnancy, 8. The gender and behavior of the student should be interpreted concurrently for Perceived Threat, 9. The gender and Aids Education of the students should be interpreted concurrently for Perceived Threat, 10. The gender and AIDS education of the students should be interpreted concurrently for Knowledge, 11. The behavior and media of the students should be interpreted concurrently for Peer Support for Safe Acts, 12. The gender, behavior and media of the students should b interpreted concurrently for Peer Support for Safe Acts, 13. The behavior and media of the students should be interpreted concurrently for Perceived Threat, and 14. The gender, behavior and media of the students should be interpreted concurrently for Perceived Threat.
The Final Charge of the Academic Light Brigade
Authors:   , Kalaher Steven
Published: February 2023

Statements of this kind possess a certain ritual quality, after all the viewers perception of any artists work and the image itself are what defines the success of any visual artist. However if anyone wishes to categorize my work, I would like to be classes as a Neo-Expressionist or a Recycled Surrealist. In painting and drawing I find that revising and improving expressionist elements works well for my image content. Mainly my content derives from news items and personal experiences and as such themes range from violence or sexual issues to ironically comments about society. As for images from personal life, any persons life is an isolate enigma, and ironic visual images can at best function as personal expression or partial explanation. As for Recycled Surrealism, that is reserved for my sculptures, as in bronze I can actually catch the flying frogs.
Uncovering the Depression Treatment Gap: The Role of Motivation to Change, God Image, and Religious Affiliation
Authors:   , Chiasson Cyrus
Published: February 2023

\r \r Research analyzing factors that are indicative of treatment seeking for depression is warranted. In the United States, approximately 70% of individuals with depression do not receive treatment. The aim of the current study is to evaluate motivation to change, God image, and religious affiliation as predictors of current treatment engagement for depression. Motivation to change has previously been evaluated as a predictor of treatment outcome for depression but not as a predictor of current treatment engagement. Additionally, previous research indicates religious involvement is associated with less depressive symptomology but is in turn related to negative views towards mental health treatment seeking. However, research is limited in discerning whether these negative views impact the actual behavior of engaging in mental health treatment.\r Participants were recruited utilizing Amazon’s Mechanical TurkTM, an online survey administration system. Participants completed a series of questionnaires regrading depressive symptomatology, motivation to change, God image, and religious affiliation. The current study proposed four hypotheses. First, the 6 dimensions of one’s God image will be negatively related to depressive symptomatology. Secondly, motivation to change will be predictive of current treatment engagement among participants with depression, such that those with a higher motivation to change will be more likely to currently be engaged in treatment. Thirdly, one’s God Image will be predictive of current treatment engagement among participants with depression, such that participants with a more positive image of God will be less likely to currently be engaged in treatment. Finally, when considering participants with depression, those who are religiously affiliated will be less likely than those who are unaffiliated to be currently engaged in treatment.\r Our first hypothesis was partially supported as 5 of the 6 God Image Scales were inversely correlated with depressive symptomology. Our second and third hypotheses were not supported as neither motivation to change or God image significantly predicted current treatment engagement among those with depression. Finally, our fourth hypothesis was not supported as Christians were more likely than atheists and agnostics to currently be in treatment for depression. The findings for the current study indicate it may be beneficial for clinicians to address one’s image of God in therapy. Additionally, the results suggest the negative views towards mental health treatment seeking held by religious individuals does not impede the actual behavior of engaging in treatment.\r \r
The impact of socio-economic status, life history, and biological sex on affective empathy in adults
Authors:   , Love Shadow
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT\r A discussion of affective (or emotional) empathy as it is impacted by socioeconomic status (SES), life history, and biological sex is presented. The current study examined a gap in prior research by examining the interaction between these three variables and affective empathy. Participants were 504 adults between the ages of 18-68, with average age of 37 and primarily biological sex male (64%). Ethnicity varied with the majority as White/Caucasian (68.8%) followed in descending response rate by Hispanic or Latino/a, Black or African American, Asian, Native American or American Indian, and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander and 1.6% as two or more races and the majority of the sample (68%) reporting receiving a bachelor’s degree. Participants were assessed using Amazon Mechanical Turk or (MTurk) by completing an informed consent and survey. The survey consisted of demographic information (including biological sex), a measure of affective empathy (BEES; Mehrabian, 1996; 1997), a measure of SES (both objective and subjective), and a measure of life history (ALHB; Figueredo et al., 2017). These surveys were presented in randomized order to reduce potential order effects and a debriefing was provided after the study was completed. Two 2x2x3 factorial ANOVA(s) were used to analyze the collected data. A significant main effect of SES (assessed as high, moderate, or low) which found high and low SES showed more affective empathy than the moderate group, life history (assessed as a fast strategy or slow strategy) which found significant differences in males when the social support function of life history is included, and biological sex (assessed as female or male) on affective empathy where biological females showed more affective empathy than biological males. These main effects were qualified by a significant three-way interaction in which biological males with high SES and slow life history (social support resources) showed the most affective empathy. Further findings and implications are discussed.\r Keywords: Affective Empathy, Socioeconomic Status, Life History, Sex, Factorial ANOVA
Re-Scaling the Social Adjustment Rating Scale Using a Multidimensional Approach
Authors:   , Ross Rebecca
Published: February 2023

A re-scaling of Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) using multidimensional methods was performed to examine more closely the 43 events of the scale in order to learn more about how stressful events are perceived. Seventy-five subjects sorted cards containing the events into five categories according to their similarity of degree, or amount of stress. The number of times any two events were placed together was recorded and entered into a matrix. The data matrix was then analyzed by the Kruskal-Shepard M-D-SCAL computer program in the OSIRIS system using, alternatively, no starting configuration and two different configurations. The three-dimensional solution using a starting configuration based on the original scale values proved to be the most satisfactory. Dimension 1 was the most-to-least stress continuum, Dimension 2 revealed socioeconomic perceptions of the events, and Dimension 3 was work-related on one end and family-related on the other. Data was also forced into a single dimension and compared to the original scale. There were no important differences between the rankings of the total sample and males or females, or between the total sample and the original sample used to determine the scale values. The results of this study demonstrate that the events of the SRRS are perceived multi-dimensionally and some events may not be relevant to certain age groups or socioeconomic classes, bringing into question the content validity of the scale. In addition, improved predictive use of the scale might result from scoring an individual on several dimensions.
Foreign language acquisition, motivation and creativity
Authors:   , Du XiXi
Published: February 2023

Previous research has suggested that advanced Second Language (L2) learners are more intrinsically motivated than beginning L2 learners (e.g., Rivers, 1996), and that Third Language (L3) learners are more intrinsically motivated than L2 learners (Schütz, 2007). However, Chomsky (1975) believes that children have to be creative to learn their first language, and others (e.g., Fraser, 2007; Heath & Wolf, 2005) believe that children are creative even when learning a second language. In this research, 67 L2 learners and 38 L3 learners were recruited. They completed a survey including a language achievement scale, an intrinsic motivation scale, and a creativity scale. The results showed that L2 or L3 learners who perceived their foreign language achievement to be fluent or experienced scored higher on both the intrinsic motivation and the creativity scales than beginners, and that L3 learners scored significantly higher on the intrinsic motivation scale than L2 learners. Follow-up tests found that the factor of intrinsic motivation indeed was more important for language achievement for beginner to medium-level foreign language learners just as for the entire sample taken as a whole. However, this relationship disappeared for the very advanced learners. For these more advanced “expert” learners, there was no relationship between intrinsic motivation and language achievement but the creativity scale was positively correlated with the language achievement scale.
A Study of the Curriculum and Personal of Physical Education for Boys in the Secondary Schools of Kansas with 300 To 400 Students for the Year 01/01/1958-59
Authors:   , Newcomer Art
Published: February 2023

Evaluation is a vital part of good teaching. It is finding out where you are and carefully analyzing how you got there in relationship to where you want to go. It is a process of self-discovery, of stock taking, so that we can find new and better ways to gain desired goals with renewed zest. This study will attempt to inventory and evaluate the curriculum and personnel of physical education for boys in our high schools of Kansas. The real purpose of this study is to reveal some of the facts concerning the curriculum and personnel of the high schools of Kansas. This study deals primarily with physical education as the required program; the intramural program; the interscholastic program; financing of physical education; and the duties, experience and training of the instructors of physical education.
Sectionalism and Local Color In The Short Stories of The Plains States, 1870-1928
Authors:   , Dooley Nelle
Published: February 2023

Robert Ramsay in his Short Stories of America has mapped out the United States in twenty- five literary groups . He has left without sectional designation a strip through the Dakotas, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas and has shaded it on his literary map of local color regions as \neutral\. This, \a region unexplored or explored but unsuccessfully as yet, “is to be known in this study as the Plains States. The strip will be broadened out to reach the boundaries of these states, thus including small portions of the sections which Professor Ramsay designates as the Corn Belt and the Wheat Belt and a considerable strip of the Cattle Country. This study cannot hope even to touch on the minor provincial sections of the six states but attempts rather to stress the better known characteristics of the section as shown by the cattlemen, the sheepmen, the \bad men\, the politicians, the grafters, and the promoters of the period.
Rapid Range Expansion of the House Finch in Kansas
Authors:   , Elder Betty
Published: February 2023

The house finch, Carpodacus mexicanus, was first documented in Kansas in 1882, when seven individuals were collected in a southwestern county. These birds apparently were only winter visitors. Subsequently, sightings increased in number and frequency and, in 1976, nesting was reported in northwestern Kansas. More recently, the species has been reported nesting throughout western Kansas and vagrants have been seen throughout much of the state, usually in winter. Winter sightings have been most frequent at feeding stations, where house finches seemingly are unaffected by potential competitors, such as the house sparrow, Passer domesticus. Winter feeding stations were surveyed in counties to the east of the known breeding range to locate potential nesting birds. These localities were monitored during the subsequent breeding season, and the current distributional status of the species was determined.
The Relationship Between Adaption-Innovation and Openness to Experience
Authors:   , Karlin Paul
Published: February 2023

McCrae (1993-1994, 1996) recognizes the need for further research between the personality domain of Openness to Experience and the closely related field of cognitive styles. McCrae (1996) asserts that the construct measured by the Kirton Adaption-Innovation (KAI) has a high \saturation of content related to Openness\, although there were no data to support this assertion. The current study examined the relationship between an individual's tendency to prefer adaption or innovation as a cognitive style of decision making in problem solving and their preference for variety, intellectual curiosity, and independence of judgment. A measure of cognitive style (the KAI) and the Openness measure of the Five-Factor model of personality (the NEO PI-R) were taken from subjects (N= 163). Pearson Product-Moment correlations were utilized to examine the relationships between the scores from the KAI and the NEO PI-R. Support for all five hypotheses was demonstrated at the (11 < .0 I) level. As hypothesized, significant relationships were demonstrated between an innovative cognitive style preference and the facets of Openness to Experience, thus providing empirical support for McCrae's assertion. In addition, individuals with a preference for an adaptive cognitive style scored significantly higher on the personality domain of Conscientiousness, and the facets of Order and Dutifulness. Innovators demonstrated significantly greater Extraversion scores on the overall domain and the facets of Assertiveness, Excitement-Seeking and Activity. As hypothesized, a significant relationship was revealed between the Originality subscale of the KAI and Openness. In addition, individuals who reported ease in following group rules (Rule-Group Conformity) scored significantly lower on Openness. Significant relationships were also demonstrated between Adaption and Agreeableness, Compliance, and Straight forwardness. Adaptors and high conformers (Low RC scores) also scored significantly higher on Neuroticism. These results are discussed as they apply to the use of these instruments in organizational settings and their implications for further research.
A Critical Analysis of School Building Insurance
Authors:   , Krannawitter Arthur
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this report was to present information in regard to school building insurance. This study was planned to acquaint, through an exposition of available literature, administrators, school board members, teachers, and interested parties with the variables of school building insurance.
Painting: Variations in a Direct Lyrical and Formal Approach
Authors:   , Nye Agnes
Published: February 2023

I believe that I am aware of my responsibility to communicate to the viewer a painting technique that is creditable. I intend to continue the transformation of the mental perception to an action of the hand keeping in mind the unit as a whole from the very first stroke. This is a projection of a moment of supreme synthesis of mind and hand.
Sino American Relations
Authors:   , Lin Philip
Published: February 2023

This thesis is a survey of the history of the diplomatic relationship of the United States and China from 1840-1940.