bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Scanning Ion Conductance and Electrochemical Microscopy in Lithium‐Ion Battery Research
Authors: Eidenschink Johannes , Matysik Frank‐Michael
Published: March 2024

Invited for this issue's Front Cover is the group of Prof. F.‐M. Matysik. The cover picture shows a typical situation in the life of a scientist focusing on scanning probe techniques. A decision needs to be made, which technique to employ. But what if more than one technique could be employed. In the context of lithium‐ion battery research, several scanning probe microscopies are currently utilized. Scanning ion conductance microscopy and scanning electrochemical microscopy were simultaneously applied in the investigation of a commercial graphite electrode. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202300577.
Toward more efficient and effective color quality control for the large‐scale offset printing process
Authors: Dziki Pawel , Pieszczek Lukasz , Daszykowski Michal
Published: March 2024

This study illustrates at‐line application of hyperspectral imaging in the visible range for quality control of large‐scale offset printing. In particular, the measurement stability of a competitive device is assessed and compared to traditional handheld and desktop spectrophotometers. The performance of the commercially available instruments was assessed based on collected spectra and their corresponding L*, a*, and b* values. The printing process was described by hyperspectral images (in visible range) of selected regions from template color fields acquired at 17 sampling occasions. Spectra constituting hyperspectral images were visualized and evaluated in the space of significant principal components obtained from the principal component analysis. Furthermore, confidence ellipses were constructed for each set of spectra characterizing a specific moment of the printing process. Comparing their mutual locations, shapes, orientations, and sizes enabled effective visualization of process variability and was more comprehensive regarding the classic approach based on information provided by desktop and handheld spectrometers.
Yttrium‐ and nitrogen‐doped NiCo phosphide nanosheets for high‐efficiency water electrolysis
Authors: Chen Guangliang , Xiang Huiyang , Guo Yingchun , Huang Jun , Chen Wei , Chen Zhuoyi , Li Tongtong , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: March 2024

Engineering high‐performance and low‐cost bifunctional catalysts for H2 (hydrogen evolution reaction [HER]) and O2 (oxygen evolution reaction [OER]) evolution under industrial electrocatalytic conditions remains challenging. Here, for the first time, we use the stronger electronegativity of a rare‐Earth yttrium ion (Y3+) to induce in situ NiCo‐layered double‐hydroxide nanosheets from NiCo foam (NCF) treated by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma NCF (PNCF), and then obtain nitrogen‐doped YNiCo phosphide (N‐YNiCoP/PNCF) after the phosphating process using radiofrequency plasma in nitrogen. The obtained N‐YNiCoP/PNCF has a large specific surface area, rich heterointerfaces, and an optimized electronic structure, inducing high electrocatalytic activity in HER (331 mV vs. 2000 mA cm−2) and OER (464 mV vs. 2000 mA cm−2) reactions in 1 M KOH electrolyte. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory quantum chemistry calculations reveal that the coordination number of CoNi decreased with the incorporation of Y atoms, which induce much shorter bonds of Ni and Co ions and promote long‐term stability of N‐YNiCoP in HER and OER under the simulated industrial conditions. Meanwhile, the CoN‐YP5 heterointerface formed by plasma N‐doping is the active center for overall water splitting. This work expands the applications of rare‐Earth elements in engineering bifunctional electrocatalysts and provides a new avenue for designing high‐performance transition‐metal‐based catalysts in the renewable energy field.
Cyclopropanation of Alkenes with Halodiazirines as Halocarbene Precursors in Continuous Flow
Authors: To Hoang‐Minh , Ollevier Thierry
Published: March 2024

The cyclopropanation reaction of alkenes with photolytically‐generated chlorocarbenes from chlorodiazirines is reported as an effective way to prepare substituted 3‐chloro‐3‐aryl‐cyclopropanes. This practical and efficient approach allows the synthesis of various 3‐chloro‐3‐aryl‐cyclopropanes (32 examples) in continuous flow in 5‐minute residence time under light‐emitting diode (LED) irradiation. The conditions using 380 nm LED irradiation were successfully extended to the synthesis of substituted 3‐bromo‐3‐aryl‐cyclopropanes (3 examples).
Recognition of Amino Acid Salts by Temperature‐Dependent Allosteric Binding with Stereodynamic Urea Receptors
Authors: Kimura Yuki , Matsumura Kotaro , Ono Kosuke , Tsuchido Yoshitaka , Kawai Hidetoshi
Published: March 2024

Positive homotropic artificial allosteric systems are important for the regulation of cooperativity, selectivity and nonlinear amplification. Stereodynamic homotropic allosteric receptors can transmit and amplify induced chirality by the first ligand binding to axial chirality between two chromophores. We herein report stereodynamic allosteric urea receptors consisting of a rotational shaft as the axial chirality unit, terphenyl units as structural transmission sites and four urea units as binding sites. NMR titration experiments revealed that the receptor can bind two carboxylate guests in a positive homotropic allosteric manner attributed to the inactivation by intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding between urea units within the receptor. In addition, the VT‐CD spectra observed upon binding of the urea receptor with l‐ or D‐amino acid salts in MeCN showed interesting temperature‐dependent Cotton effects, based on the differences of the receptor shaft unit and the guest structure. The successful discrimination of hydrocarbon‐based side chains of amino acid salts indicated that the input of chiral and steric information for the guest was amplified as outputs of the Cotton effect and the temperature‐dependence of VT‐CD spectra through cooperativity of positive allosteric binding.
Self‐Assembly Strategy for Constructing Porous Boron and Nitrogen Co‐Doped Carbon as an Efficient ORR Electrocatalyst toward Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Fu Yuying , Cao Cancan , Song Wenrui , Li Bo , Sun Xuzhuo Z. , Wang Zhengxi X. , Fan Liuqing , Chen Jing
Published: March 2024

Carbon nanomaterials doped with N and B could activate nearby carbon atoms to promote charge polarization through the synergistic coupling effect between N and B atoms, thus facilitating adsorption of O2 and weakening O−O bond to enhance oxygen reduction reaction. Herein, a simple and controllable self‐assembly strategy is applied to synthesize porous B, N co‐doped carbon‐based catalysts (BCN‐P), which employs the macrocyclic molecule cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) as nitrogen source, and 3D aromatic‐like closo‐[B12H12]2− as boron source. In addition, polystyrene microspheres are added to help introduce porous structure to expose more active sites. Benefitting from porous structures and the synergistic coupling effect between N and B atoms, BCN‐P has a high onset potential (Eonset=0.846 V) and half‐wave potential (E1/2=0.74 V) in alkaline media. The zinc‐air battery assembled with BCN‐P shows high operating voltage (1.42 V), peak power density (128.7 mW cm−2) and stable charge/discharge cycles, which is even comparable with Pt/C.
Synthesis and Functionalization of Azetidine‐Containing Small Macrocyclic Peptides
Authors: Saunders George J. , Spring Sam A. , Jayawant Eleanor , Wilkening Ina , Roesner Stefan , Clarkson Guy J. , Dixon Ann M. , Notman Rebecca , Shipman Michael
Published: March 2024

Cyclic peptides are increasingly important structures in drugs but their development can be impeded by difficulties associated with their synthesis. Here, we introduce the 3‐aminoazetidine (3‐AAz) subunit as a new turn‐inducing element for the efficient synthesis of small head‐to‐tail cyclic peptides. Greatly improved cyclizations of tetra‐, penta‐ and hexapeptides (28 examples) under standard reaction conditions are achieved by introduction of this element within the linear peptide precursor. Post‐cyclization deprotection of the amino acid side chains with strong acid is realized without degradation of the strained four‐membered azetidine. A special feature of this chemistry is that further late‐stage modification of the resultant macrocyclic peptides can be achieved via the 3‐AAz unit. This is done by: (i) chemoselective deprotection and substitution at the azetidine nitrogen, or by (ii) a click‐based approach employing a 2‐propynyl carbamate on the azetidine nitrogen. In this way, a range of dye and biotin tagged macrocycles are readily produced. Structural insights gained by XRD analysis of a cyclic tetrapeptide indicate that the azetidine ring encourages access to the less stable, all‐trans conformation. Moreover, introduction of a 3‐AAz into a representative cyclohexapeptide improves stability towards proteases compared to the homodetic macrocycle.
Effect of Benzo‐Annelation on Triplet State Energies in Polycyclic Conjugated Hydrocarbons
Authors: Radenković Slavko , Đorđević Slađana , Nikolendžić Marijana
Published: March 2024

In a series of earlier studies, the effect of benzo‐annelation was found to be a useful tool for tuning the aromaticity in polycyclic conjugated compounds to desired level. In this work we studied the (anti)aromaticity of benzo‐annelated derivatives of three conjugated hydrocarbons (anthracene, fluoranthene and biphenylene) in their lowest lying singlet (S0) and triplet (T1) states by means of the energy effect (ef), harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA), multicentre delocalization indices (MCI), magnetically induced current densities (MICDs) and nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS). We showed that benzo‐annelation is a topology‐based effect which can be used to modify the T1 state excitation energies (E(T1)). A quantitative model was established being able to accurately predict the E(T1) based only on the numbers of angularly, linearly and geminally annelated benzene rings. In addition, it was demonstrated that the E(T1) can be directly related to the (anti)aromatic character of the central ring in the studied molecules in their S0 state.
Dehydro[12]‐ and [18]annulene‐Fused Ball‐Shaped Ruthenium Complex Oligomers: Synthesis, Aromatic/Antiaromatic Effect, and Symmetry for Near‐Infrared Optical Properties
Authors: Ishikawa Sari , Maeda Hajime , Segi Masahito , Furuyama Taniyuki
Published: March 2024

The appropriate arrangement of near‐infrared (NIR) chromophores allows for the modification of the peak wavelength in the NIR region and efficient use of NIR light. However, the preparation of novel NIR chromophores using simple procedures remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis of ball‐shaped ruthenium complex oligomers. The metal complexes can be synthesized in a single step and interact strongly with NIR light. Alkyne‐substituted low‐symmetry ball‐shaped ruthenium complexes were synthesized and subjected to Eglinton coupling to obtain dehydro[12] and [18]annulene‐fused dimers and trimers. Fine‐tuning of the reaction conditions led to the selective synthesis of the target oligomers. NMR spectroscopy confirmed that the 18π‐aromatic and 12π‐antiaromatic properties of the annulene influenced the ruthenium complex chromophore, and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy showed changes in the electronic structure of their excited state owing to molecular‐symmetry differences. The absorption coefficient in the NIR region of the absorption spectra of the oligomers increased significantly, supporting the efficient use of light by oligomerization. The formation of oligomers using ball‐shaped metal complexes is a simple and effective strategy for controlling NIR optical properties.
Polymer Supported Nitrogen‐Bridged Symmetrical Binuclear Dioxidomolybdenum(VI) Complexes and Their Homogeneous Analogues as Potential Catalysts for Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐3‐Cyano‐4H‐Chromenes/Pyrans
Authors: Maurya Mannar R. , Nandi Monojit , Kumar Naveen , Avecilla Fernando
Published: March 2024

Reaction of 2‐chloromethyl‐1H‐benzimidazole with known intermediates (i–iii), prepared from diaminoguanidine hydrochloride with salicylaldehyde, 5‐bromosalicylaldehyde or 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylaldehyde, in the presence of triethylamine (NEt3) led to the formation of benzimidazole appended new ligands, H4L1‐H4L3 (I–III). The homogeneous nitrogen‐bridged symmetrical binuclear complexes, [(MoVIO2)2(L1)(H2O)2] (1), [(MoVIO2)2(L2)(H2O)2] (2) and [(MoVIO2)2(L3)(MeOH)2] (3) have been isolated by reacting these ligands with [MoVIO2(acac)2] in a 1 : 2 molar ratio in refluxing methanol. Using 1 : 1 (ligand to Mo precursor) molar ratio under above reaction conditions resulted in the corresponding mononuclear complexes, [MoVIO2(H2L1)(MeOH)] (4), [MoVIO2(H2L2)(H2O)] (5) and [MoVIO2(H2L3)(MeOH)] (6). The binuclear heterogeneous compounds [(MoVIO2)2(L1)(DMF)2]@PS (PS‐1), [(MoVIO2)2(L2)(DMF)2]@PS (PS‐2) and [(MoVIO2)2(L3)(DMF)2]@PS (PS‐3) have been obtained by immobilization of 1–3 onto chloromethylated polystyrene (PS) beads. All synthesized ligands, homogeneous as well as supported compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses and various spectroscopic methods. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction study of complexes 1 and 3 confirms their nitrogen‐bridged symmetrical binuclear structures while 4 is mononuclear. Heterogeneous compounds (PS‐1‐PS‐3) have further been studied by microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive spectroscopy. These compounds (homogeneous and heterogeneous) were explored for catalytic applications to one‐pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs) for efficient synthesis of biologically active 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐chromenes/pyrans (21 examples). Optimising various reaction parameters helped in achieving as high as 97 % yields of products. Though, only half equivalent of the binuclear complexes (1‐3) was required compared to mononuclear analogues (4‐6) to achieve comparable yields, heterogeneous catalysts have an added advantage due to their stability and recyclability. Suitable reaction mechanism has also been proposed based on isolated intermediates.
Random Terpolymer of Carbon Dioxide, Butadiene and Epoxides: Synthesis, Functionalization and Degradability
Authors: Wang Zi , Zheng Wuyi , Yue Sicong , Chen Kaihao , Ling Jun , Ni Xufeng
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive Summary

The utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a C1 feedstock is consistently attractive, especially in the preparation of sustainable polymeric materials. In this contribution, a terpolymer of CO2, 1,3‐butadiene (BD) and epoxide is synthesized by scandium triflate catalyzed cationic ring‐opening copolymerization of α‐ethylidene‐δ‐vinyl‐δ‐valerolactone (EVL), an intermediate derived from CO2 and BD, with epoxides. The obtained terpolymer with a CO2 content of 22 mol% has a number‐average molecular weight (Mn) up to 7.8 kg/mol and a dispersity (Đ) of 2.4. The reactivity ratios of EVL and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) are determined as 0.01 and 1.07, respectively, suggesting random characteristic of the terpolymer. The preserved C=C double bonds from BD allow for the further modification of the terpolymer by photoinitiated crosslinking. The yielded networks are fluorescent and degradable. This method offers enhanced versatility to the synthesis and additional functionalization of CO2‐based polymers.
Chemical Synthesis of a Key Precursor Relevant to the Tetrasaccharide Repeating Unit from Treponema mediumATCC 700293
Authors: Sun Wenbin , Tian Guangzong , Ding Meiru , Qin Chunjun , Zou Xiaopeng , Hu Jing , Yin Jian
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Treponema is a Gram‐negative anaerobic bacterium, among which the pathogenic Treponema can cause various diseases, such as venereal syphilis (Treponema pallidum), yaws (Treponema carateum), and oral diseases (Treponema denticola and Treponema medium). Although different from conventional lipopolysaccharides, the extracellular glycoconjugate of Treponema may still be a potential antigen and provide a candidate for vaccine development. Hence, we completed the first chemical synthesis of Treponema medium ATCC 700293 tetrasaccharide precursor containing L‐ornithine (L‐Orn) and D‐aspartic acid (D‐Asp) derivatives. The efficiency of non‐reducing end disaccharide formation has been improved by optimizing the assembly of the protecting groups in the donors and acceptors. Our [3+1] glycosylation strategy attempted to reduce the length of the acceptor to increase the nucleophilicity of the hydroxyl group, thereby improving the efficiency of synthesizing the target tetrasaccharide. The L‐Orn derivative was introduced at the final stage due to its influence on the glycosylation stereospecificity and efficiency. Therefore, the successful introduction of two amino acid derivatives and the synthesis of a tetrasaccharide precursor with complex functional‐group modifications have provided valuable insights for synthesizing other complex bacterial glycans.
Early exposure to maternal stress and risk for atopic dermatitis in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ai Yuan , Huang Jichong , Zhu Ting Ting
Published: March 2024

Background

The incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children is increasing. Early exposure to stress factors may be associated with the AD development. This study aimed to summarize studies that reported an association between stress exposure and AD development in later life.

Methods and findings

A comprehensive literature search was performed using online databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) for articles published up to May 1, 2023. Eligible studies were screened and selected based on the inclusion criteria. We incorporated cohort or case‐control studies published in English which explored the relationship between stress experienced by parents or children and AD. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated according to the type of stress using a random‐effects model. Twenty‐two studies were included. AD was related to maternal distress (OR 1.29, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.13–1.47), maternal anxiety (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18–1.46), and negative life events (OR 2.00, 95% CI: 1.46–2.76). Maternal depression during pregnancy was associated with AD (OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09–1.33), whereas no significant association was found for postpartum depression. Research on stress experienced by paternal or children is scare.

Conclusions

Early maternal stress may potentially elevate the risk of AD in their offspring. Importantly, rigorously designed studies are required to corroborate the link between maternal stress and AD in children. These studies should aim to gather insights about the impact of stress during specific trimesters of pregnancy, postnatal stress, and paternal stress, and to identify potential prevention strategies.
Effect of hormonal therapies for prostate cancer on cognition: The ongoing search for clarity
Authors: Lim Fat Guillaume , Alibhai Shabbir
Published: March 2024

Hormonal therapy for advanced prostate cancer with androgen deprivation and novel androgen‐receptor axis–targeted therapy have produced mixed results on cognitive effects in previous studies. The most robust meta‐analysis to date shows a lack of objective cognitive changes across all domains at 6 months of treatment, although significant patient‐perceived, subjective decline suggests that concerns remain warranted, and further high‐quality, prospective studies are ultimately needed for greater certainty on longer term outcomes.
Recent advances in energy storage and applications of form‐stable phase change materials with recyclable skeleton
Authors: Jia Yuan , Jiang Yaoting , Pan Yunshi , Zou Xinmei , Zhang Qian , Gao Xiaojian , Zhang Jingxi , Yu Kunyang , Yang Yingzi , Liu Yushi
Published: March 2024

With the expansion of the global population, the energy shortage is becoming increasingly acute. Phase change materials (PCMs) are considered green and efficient mediums for thermal energy storage, but the leakage problem caused by volume instability during phase change limits their application. Encapsulating PCMs with supporting materials can effectively avoid leakage, but most supporting materials are expensive and consume huge of natural resources. Carbon materials, which are rich and renewable resources, can be used as economical and environmentally friendly supporting skeletons to prepare form‐stable PCMs. Although many researchers have begun to use recyclable materials especially various derivatives of carbon as supporting skeletons to prepare form‐stable PCMs, the preparation methods, thermophysical properties and applications of form‐stable PCMs with recyclable skeletons have rarely been systematically summarized yet. Form‐stable PCMs with a recyclable skeleton can be used as green and efficient thermal storage materials due to their high heat storage capacity and good thermophysical stability after 2000 thermal cycles. This review investigates the effects of recyclable skeletons on the thermophysical properties including phase change temperature, latent heat, thermal conductivity, supercooling, and thermal cycling reliability. Four major kinds of recyclable skeletons are focused on: biomass, biochar, industrial by‐products as well as waste incineration ash. Additionally, the application scales of form‐stable PCMs with recyclable skeletons are explicated in depth. Moreover, the main challenges confronted by form‐stable PCMs with recyclable skeletons are discussed, and future research trends are proposed. This article provides a systematic review of the form‐stable PCMs with recyclable skeletons, giving significant guidance for further reducing carbon emissions and promoting the development of sustainable energy.
Transition Metal‐Cross‐Linked‐Starch Aerogel‐Derived Porous Carbon‐Based Monolithic Chainmail Electrodes for High‐Current‐Density and Durable Alkaline Water Splitting
Authors: Zhao Yaoyao , Zhang Zhengguo , Wang Fang , Min Shixiong
Published: March 2024

A porous carbon‐based monolithic chainmail electrode, namely Co2P@CSA, is fabricated via direct carbonization of Co2+‐cross‐linked‐starch aerogel (Co2+‐SA) followed by low‐temperature vapor phosphorization. During successive carbonization‐phosphorization, the SA framework is formulated into 3D hierarchically porous carbon membrane matrix comprising hollow open carbon microspheres while the cross‐linked Co species are converted into uniformly distributed carbon‐encapsulated Co2P nanoparticles on carbon microspheres. Thanks to the high porosity, excellent electrolyte wettability, unique chainmail structure, and good mechanical strength, the monolithic Co2P@CSA can be directly used as a binder‐free bifunctional electrocatalyst for alkaline water splitting, and it can afford a high current density of 100 mA cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at low overpotentials of 140.0 and 305.5 mV, respectively, with outstanding stability at 50 mA cm−2 for >30 h. More significantly, an alkaline electrolyzer assembled using Co2P@CSA achieves a current density of 100 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting (OWS) at a cell voltage of 1.94 V with unit Faradaic efficiency and provides a high solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of 13.4 % when driven by a commercial silicon solar cell. This work offers an effective strategy towards cost‐effective fabrication of high‐performance carbon‐based monolithic chainmail electrocatalysts for energy conversion reactions.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of surgical resection and ablation for the treatment of early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Bilan , Xi Xiaoli , Yu Hongsheng , Jiang Hao , Liang Zixi , Smayi Abdukyamu , Wu Bin , Yang Yidong
Published: March 2024

Background

The optimal treatment strategy for early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial, specifically in regard to surgical resection (SR) and ablation. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of SR and ablation on recurrence and prognosis in early‐stage HCC patients, to optimize treatment strategies and improve long‐term survival.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 801 patients diagnosed with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0/A HCC and treated with SR or ablation between January 2015 and December 2019. The effectiveness and complications of both treatments were analyzed, and patients were followed up to measure recurrence and survival. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to increase comparability between the two groups. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze recurrence and survival, and a Cox risk proportional hazard model was used to identify risk factors that affect recurrence and surviva.

Results

Before PSM, the overall survival (OS) rates were similar in both groups, with recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates better in the SR group than in the ablation group. After PSM, there was no significant difference in OS between the two groups. However, the RFS rates were significantly better in the SR group than in the ablation group. The ablation group exhibited superior outcomes compared to the SR group, with shorter treatment times, reduced bleeding, shorter hospital stays, and lower hospital costs. Concerning the location of the HCC within the liver, comparable efficacy was observed between SR and ablation for disease located in the noncentral region or left lobe. However, for HCCs located in the central region or right lobe of the liver, SR was more effective than ablation.

Conclusions

This study revealed no significant difference in OS between SR and ablation for early‐stage HCC, with SR providing better RFS and ablation demonstrating better safety profiles and lower hospital costs. These findings offer valuable insights for clinicians in determining optimal treatment strategies for early‐stage HCC patients, particularly in terms of balancing efficacy, safety, and cost considerations.
Polymer Network Comprised of Steroidal Rotors as a Promising Storage Material
Authors: Wysocka Joanna , Malinowska Marta , Pawlak Tomasz , Zgardzińska Bożena , Markiewicz Karolina H. , Misiak Paweł , Wilczewska Agnieszka Z. , Potrzebowski Marek , Santillan Rosa , Flórez‐López Edwin , Farfán Norberto , Jastrzebska Izabella
Published: March 2024

The front cover artwork is provided by Dr habil. Izabella Jastrzebska‘s group from the University of Białystok, Poland. The image shows a polymeric network with molecular rotors (MR) as crosslinks. The MR rotation is slowed or inhibited when a molecule of stored gas is placed inside the polymer material. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202300793.
Multifunctional Interface Modification Enables Efficient and Stable HTL‐Free Carbon‐Electroded CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Wei , Wu Lin , Chen Jianlin , Ju Jiayao , Zeng Yuxi , Wu Zihan , He Jintao , Huang Jincheng , Peng Zhuoyin , Chen Jian
Published: March 2024

In recent years, hole transport layer‐free all‐inorganic CsPbI2Br carbon‐electroded perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) have garnered significant attention due to a trade‐off between stability and photovoltaic performance. However, there are inevitably many defects generated at the surfaces or grain boundaries of CsPbI2Br perovskite films, which will serve as carrier non‐radiative recombination centers, and CsPbI2Br perovskite films are sensitive to water molecules to degrade, together with energy level mismatch between CsPbI2Br perovskite and carbon electrodes. Herein, 1‐benzyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (1‐B‐3‐MIMPF6), an imidazolium‐based ionic liquid simultaneously containing benzene ring and fluorine atoms, was introduced for the modification of the perovskite/carbon interface. The results showed that it could effectively reduce defects, enhance carrier transfer, mitigate carrier non‐radiative recombination, facilitate energy alignment, and block moisture intrusion. Therefore, the photovoltaic performance of the modified PSCs with ITO/SnO2/CsPbI2Br/1‐B‐3‐MIMPF6/carbon architecture has been boosted with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.47 %, open circuit voltage of 1.20 V, short circuit current density of 14.69 mA/cm2, and fill factor of 76 %. Moreover, the unencapsulated modified devices exhibited an improved stability and the PCE maintained 78 % of their initial PCE after 24 h storage at room temperature in a 30 %–35 % humidity environment, whereas that of the pristine devices dropped to almost zero.
Modeling, simulation, and experimental studies of a novel battery charger for fuel cell applications based on a new high step‐up DC‐DC converter
Authors: Bayat Pezhman , Bayat Peyman
Published: March 2024

During winter, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) faces operational challenges, potentially leading to ice formation in membranes and gas technology. To achieve favorable operational conditions and output voltage, suitable power electronic devices are indispensable. Consequently, the fuel cell module links to the battery through a DC‐DC converter. Addressing the necessity for an efficient battery charger in fuel cell electric vehicle applications, this article introduces a new high step‐up DC‐DC converter. It employs a boosting structure, incorporating a coupled inductor to elevate voltage gain while substantially reducing voltage and current stresses on components, a fitting attribute for PEMFC electric vehicle battery chargers. Additionally, the proposed converter boasts high efficiency and a minimal component count. Moreover, the study meticulously explores various operating modes of the converter, offering comprehensive analyses and operational relationships. To evaluate dynamic behavior and ensure stability, the study employs small signal modeling and devises a controller based on the maximum power point tracking principle. MATLAB simulations validate the converter's performance, while a laboratory‐built prototype (48 V input, 220 V output, 500 W) substantiates its characteristics, aligning with theoretical projections. Finally, a comparative analysis between simulation, experimentation, and theoretical calculations validates the converter's functionality. Ultimately, this work emphasizes the critical role of a well‐designed high‐efficiency DC‐DC converter in the context of PEMFC electric vehicle battery charging during challenging winter conditions. The proposed converter's innovative design, minimal componentry, efficiency, and validated performance through simulation, experimentation, and theory underscore its potential significance in enhancing fuel cell electric vehicle technology.
Compact body‐worn MIMO antenna with high port isolation for UWB applications
Authors: Pandey Raju , Biswas Ashim Kumar , Chakraborty Ujjal
Published: March 2024

This article investigates the mutual coupling reduction of a compact two elements wearable ultra‐wideband (UWB) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna. The ground plane of the proposed wearable MIMO antenna structure consists of three connected square ring‐shaped stubs and two rectangular slots of narrow height. These ground stubs and slots minimize the mutual coupling effect between antennas and provide high isolation. The suggested MIMO antenna functions from the 1.87 to 13.82 GHz frequency spectrum covering WLAN (2.4–2.484 GHz), UWB (3.1–10.6 GHz), and X band (8–12 GHz) with 152.32% fractional bandwidth. It sustains port isolation above 27 dB throughout the 2 to 13.82 GHz frequency band. Inside the whole working frequency band, the suggested antenna offers a tiny envelope correlation coefficient (ECC < 0.098), greater diversity gain (DG > 9.93 dB), minimum channel capacity loss (CCL < 0.32 bits/s/Hz), and slight magnitude variation in mean effective gain of antenna ports (< 0.1 dB). The recommended antenna yields a SAR level below the designated threshold (<1.6 W/kg), affirming its suitability for body‐worn applications. The designed MIMO antenna structure has an overall volume of 32 × 48 × 1.5 mm3.
Can an effective end‐of‐life intervention for advanced dementia be viewed as moral?
Authors: Terman Stanley A.
Published: March 2024

Many people dread prolonged dying with suffering in the terminal illness, advanced dementia. To successfully facilitate a timely dying, advance directives must be effective and acceptable. This article considers whether authorities, including treating physicians, can accept as moral, the effective intervention that ceases caregivers’ assistance with oral feeding and hydrating. The article presents eight criticisms and “alternate views” regarding ceasing assisted feeding/hydrating. It draws on perspectives from clinical medicine, law, ethics, and religion. The conflict is between (A) people's core beliefs that reflect cultural norms and religious teachings regarding what is moral versus (B) patients’ autonomous right of self‐determination and claim right to avoid suffering. The article presents each side as strongly as possible. Accepting the intervention as moral could allow patients a peaceful and timely dying from patients’ underlying disease. Confidence in future success can deter patients and their surrogates from considering a hastened dying in earlier stages of dementia.
Navigating late‐stage dementia: A perspective from the Alzheimer's Association
Authors: Clifford Kristen , Moreno Monica , Kloske Courtney M.
Published: March 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, a general term for memory loss and decline in other cognitive abilities enough to interfere with daily life. AD accounts for 60% to 80% of dementia cases. The late stage of AD tends to be the shortest stage and, on average, lasts 1 to 2 years. As this stage of the condition progresses, it requires continuous intensive long‐term care and around‐the‐clock intensive care. The Alzheimer's Association stands firm in its commitment to supporting individuals living with AD and other dementia, their care partners, and their health‐care providers as they navigate treatment and care decisions across the continuum of the disease. This article is a direct response to recently published works that run counter to the Association's viewpoint. It outlines the Association's perspective on crucial factors for consideration during late‐stage dementia care, including advanced directives, palliative care, nutrition, and legal considerations. It explores diverse perspectives from the field, differing from the Alzheimer's Association's stance. Last, it underscores resources available through the Alzheimer's Association, aiming to present a comprehensive perspective on late‐stage care for support and assistance to all involved.
Commentary to: “Timely dying in dementia: Use patients' judgments and broaden the concept of suffering.” Timely dying, suffering in dementia, and a role for family and professional caregivers in preventing it
Authors: van der Steen Jenny T. , Scheeres‐Feitsma Trijntje M. , Schaafsma Petruschka
Published: March 2024

Broadening the concept of suffering in dementia to five types of suffering including suffering of family caregivers as proposed by Terman et al., may help raise awareness on a need to relieve suffering when living with dementia and adopt a holistic approach. However, as objective criteria in advance care plans for severe enough suffering to stop assisted feeding or other life‐sustaining treatment in people with advanced dementia, these still need interpretation in the context of, for example, available treatment, and change in coping. New is the proposal to broaden severe enough suffering to suffering of family, including “bi‐directional empathic suffering.” We believe this creates new dilemmas regarding responsibility and may increase feelings of guilt. Quantifying suffering by adding up moderate suffering could further complicate matters. Therefore, we argue that a health care professional should guide the process and assume responsibility over current decisions to follow a person's previous wishes.
Jumping droplets
Authors: Boreyko Jonathan B.
Published: March 2024

When microdroplets with quasi‐spherical contact angles coalesce together on a low‐adhesion substrate, the capillary‐inertial expansion of the liquid bridge induces a dramatic out‐of‐plane jumping event due to symmetry breaking. From the onset of merging, droplet jumping initiates after a capillary‐inertial time scale of  μs with characteristic jumping speeds of order  m/s. This coalescence‐induced jumping‐droplet effect is most commonly observed among a population of growing dew droplets on a superhydrophobic condenser, but can also occur by colliding deposited droplets together or during droplet sliding on fog harvesters. In this review, we cover the historical development of capillary‐inertial jumping droplets, summarize the decade‐long effort to rationalize the ultra‐low energy conversion efficiency and critical droplet size of the phenomenon, and then present 15 variations on a theme of jumping. Capillary‐inertial jumping droplets are not only a visceral illustration of the surprising power of surface tension at the microscale but they also have the potential to enhance phase‐change heat transfer, enable self‐cleaning surfaces, combat frost formation, harvest energy, and govern the rate of disease spread for wheat crops.
Synthesis, structural characterization, analytical profiling, and application to authentic samples of synthesized Phase I metabolites of the synthetic cannabinoid 5F‐MDMB‐PICA
Authors: Chen Rui‐Jia , Zhang Zi‐hua , Yang Shenglan , Yu Shu‐chen , Wang Jun‐chang , Liao Ping‐yong , Qiu Ting‐ting , Xiao Lu , Xue Shang , Chen Hong , Shao Wen‐bin , Hu Jian‐wen , Lan Yun , Chen Xi‐long , Xu Yue , Zhou Tian‐meng , Zhao Xue‐jun , Liu Wen‐bin
Published: March 2024

5F‐MDMB‐PICA, an indole‐type synthetic cannabinoid (SC), was classified illicit globally in 2020. Although the extensive metabolism of 5F‐MDMB‐PICA in the human body warrants the development of robust analytical methods for metabolite detection and quantification, a current lack of reference standards for characteristic metabolites hinders such method creation. This work described the synthesis of 18 reference standards for 5F‐MDMB‐PICA and its possible Phase I metabolites, including three hydroxylated positional isomers R14 to R16. All the compounds were systematic characterized via nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Furthermore, two methods were developed for the simultaneous detection of all standards using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. By comparison with authentic samples, R17 was identified as a suitable urine biomarker for 5F‐MDMB‐PICA uptake.
The potential of coextraction as an emerging trend in the development of new functional food ingredients
Authors: Basak Somnath , Singhal Rekha S.
Published: March 2024

The search for new functional ingredients that meet the nutritional and technological requirements from the available resources cost‐effectively has been an ongoing activity by both academia and industry. In this respect, coextraction of the ingredients is a promising approach for valorization of food wastes as can be seen from reports that have been emerging since the last decade. The process can be used for the coextraction of all major food ingredients, namely, lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides. The approach being presented in this review is based on using two or more resources to obtain ingredients through a single process. This review looks into some of these possibilities, presents future perspectives, and calls for attention from the scientific community to explore this area of research with high translational capabilities. Coextraction offers an opportunity for valorization of wastes with energy conservation and minimizing solvent usage, wherein the bioactives present therein can be coextracted with a major food ingredient and used in the formulations, while using the principles of circular economy. Apart from the processing advantage it provides, coextraction from different sources has been reported to positively influence the structural, nutritional, and functional properties of food ingredients.
Socio‐economic position, multimorbidity, and health care utilization among Danish left ventricular assist device patients
Authors: Schjødt Inge , Mols Rikke E. , Bakos István , Horváth‐Puhó Erzsébet , Gustafsson Finn , Kristensen Søren L. , Larsson Johan E. , Christensen Bo , Eiskjær Hans , Løgstrup Brian B.
Published: March 2024

Aims

Increasing numbers of patients with advanced heart failure and significant comorbidity and social barriers are considered for left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). We sought to examine health care utilization post‐LVAD implantation, including the influence of individual‐level socio‐economic position and multimorbidity.

Methods and results

We conducted a Danish nationwide cohort study linking individual‐level data from clinical LVAD databases, the Scandiatransplant Database, and Danish national medical and administrative registries. Socio‐economic position included cohabitation status, educational level, and employment status. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more chronic conditions from at least two chronic disease groups. Health care utilization (hospital activity, general practice activity, and redeemed medical prescriptions) within 2 years post‐discharge after LVAD implantation was evaluated using descriptive statistics at 0.5 year intervals. We identified 119 patients discharged alive with first‐time LVAD implanted between 2006 and 2018. The median age of the patients was 56.1 years, and 88.2% were male. Patients were followed until heart transplantation, LVAD explantation, death, 31 December 2018, or for 2 years. The median follow‐up was 0.8 years. The highest median use of health care services was observed 0–0.5 years post‐LVAD discharge compared with the subsequent follow‐up intervals: 0.5–1, 1–1.5, and 1.5–2 years, respectively. The median (interquartile range) number of hospitalizations was 10 (7–14), bed days 14 (9–28), outpatient visits 8 (5–12), telephone contacts with a general practitioner 4 (2–8), and total redeemed medical prescriptions 26 (19–37) within 0–0.5 years post‐LVAD discharge compared with the median utilization within the consecutive follow‐up periods [e.g. within 0.5–1 year: hospitalizations 5 (3–8), bed days 8 (4–14), outpatient visits 5 (3–8), telephone contacts 2 (0–5), and redeemed medical prescriptions 24 (18–30)]. The median use of health care services was stable from 0.5 years onwards. The median number of hospitalizations and bed days was slightly higher in patients living alone with a low educational level or low employment status within 0–0.5 years post‐LVAD implantation. Finally, the median number of in‐hospital days and redeemed prescriptions was higher among patients with pre‐existing multimorbidity.

Conclusions

Among patients who underwent LVAD implantation, health care utilization was high in the early post‐LVAD discharge phase and was influenced by socio‐economic position. Multimorbidity influenced the number of in‐hospital days and redeemed prescriptions during the 2 year follow‐up.
Strategies to deal with genetic analyzer‐specific DNA methylation measurements
Authors: So Moon Hyun , Lee Ji Eun , Lee Hwan Young
Published: March 2024

Targeted bisulfite sequencing using single‐base extension (SBE) can be used to measure DNA methylation via capillary electrophoresis on genetic analyzers in forensic labs. Several accurate age prediction models have been reported using this method. However, using different genetic analyzers with different software settings can generate different methylation values, leading to significant errors in age prediction. To address this issue, the study proposes and compares four methods as follows: (1) adjusting methylation values using numerous actual body fluid DNA samples, (2) adjusting methylation values using control DNAs with varying methylation ratios, (3) constructing new age prediction models for each genetic analyzer type, and (4) constructing new age prediction models that could be applied to all types of genetic analyzers. To test the methods for adjusting values using actual body fluid DNA samples, previously reported adjusting equations were used for blood/saliva DNA age prediction markers (ELOVL2, FHL2, KLF14, MIR29B2CHG/C1orf132, and TRIM59). New equations were generated for semen DNA age prediction markers (TTC7B, LOC401324/cg12837463, and LOC729960/NOX4) by drawing polynomial regression lines between the results of the three types of genetic analyzers (3130, 3500, and SeqStudio). The same method was applied to obtain adjustment equations using 11 control DNA samples. To develop new age prediction models for each genetic analyzer type, linear regression analysis was conducted using DNA methylation data from 150 blood, 150 saliva, and 62 semen samples. For the genetic analyzer‐independent models, control DNAs were used to formulate equations for calibrating the bias of the data from each genetic analyzer, and linear regression analysis was performed using calibrated body fluid DNA data. In the comparison results, the genetic analyzer‐specific models showed the highest accuracy. However, genetic analyzer‐independent models through bias adjustment also provided accurate age prediction results, suggesting its use as an alternative in situations with multiple constraints.
Density Functional Theory Calculations of Optoelectronic Properties of Individual and Encapsulated Magnesium Porphyrin in Carbon Nanotubes for Organic Nanohybrid Solar Cells
Authors: El fatimy Anass , Boutahir Oussama , Rahmani Abdelhai , Boutahir Mourad , Mejía‐López José , Termentzidis Konstantinos , Rahmani Abdelali
Published: March 2024

This research discusses incorporating a single magnesium porphyrin molecule into a semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) for solar cell applications. Using density functional theory (DFT), the study examines the optical and electronic properties of the isolated magnesium porphyrin molecule and two configurations of the hybrid system. Results show structural stability due to charge transfer between the molecule and the nanotube. Different exchange‐correlation functionals (GGA and HSE06) yield varied bandgap results, affecting light absorption. Integration of the molecule into the SWCNT reduces the bandgap. Encapsulation of the molecule influences absorption and stability under irradiation. These encapsulated systems exhibit type II heterojunction characteristics, making them promising for organic solar cells based on SWCNTs, offering potential for highly efficient solar cells.
Energy Harvesting and Storage with a High Voltage Organic Inorganic Photo‐Battery for Internet of Things Applications
Authors: Büttner Jan , Delgado Rodrigo , Wessling Robin , Wang Yu , Esser Birgit , Würfel Uli , Fischer Anna
Published: March 2024

Integrated local energy harvesting and storage is a critical prerequisite for energy autonomy of distributed sensing arrays required for the implementation of the internet of things (IoT). In this context, the monolithic integration of solar cells with metallic lithium‐based batteries into stacked high voltage photo‐batteries allows to provide said energy autonomy, with the smallest possible footprint and the highest resource efficiency. However current photo‐battery designs require additional electronics to control and match power output like maximum power point (MPP) tracking and overcharge protection. Herein a novel and compact monolithic photo‐battery design is provided, advantageously combining an organic solar cell with a NMC 622 versus metallic lithium‐based battery, matched in terms ofVOCand cut‐off voltage, thereby achieving photo‐charging without any control electronics and energy release on demand at a very compact footprint of only 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm × 0.2 cm. Additionally, by applying a power profile simulating a temperature and humidity sensor over the course of a 24 h light and dark cycle, real world applicability of the photo‐battery in this type of applications is demonstrated.