bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of the use of the silicon-containing preparation Siliplant in the case of clonal micropropagation of the rose Reine Sammut
Authors: Lekontseva T.G. , Fedorov A.V. , Nikitina A.V. , Lentochkin A.M.
Published: October 2021

Clonal micropropagation of plants is a modern popular method of vegetative reproduction, which allows to obtain high-quality planting material in a large volume in a short time. The research is devoted to the technology of clonal micropropagation of the rose Reine Sammut, in particular, optimization of the nutrient medium composition. To increase the efficiency of micropropagation, the silicon-containing preparation Siliplant was added to the composition of the nutrient medium according to the Murashige-Skoog (MS) recipe as an alternative to the complex of trace elements. At the stage of the actual micropropagation with the combined use of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) at doses of 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 mg/l and Siliplant at doses of 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 ml/l, no large differences were found. Nevertheless, the inclusion of Siliplant (1.0 ml/l) and 6-BAP (3.0 mg/l) in the medium contributed to an increase in the reproduction factor by 3.1 pcs./cuttings at LSD05= 1.0 pcs. In addition, Siliplant at a dose of 1.0 ml/l as part of a hormone-free nutrient medium MS contributed to a significant increase in shoot growth (by 4.2 mm at LSD05= 3.6), and at a dose of 3.0 ml/l stimulated the development of standard micro-plants of roses.
The interrelation of the Russian Black Pied breed productive qualities of the Ural type depending on live weight
Authors: Gorelik O.V. , Neverova O.P. , Zharkenov A.K. , Zharkenova Yu.Yu.
Published: October 2021

Holsteinized Russian Black Pied cattle of the Ural type are bred in the Sverdlovsk region, which is represented by large, highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. The purpose of the work was to study the effect of first heifers’ live weight on their productivity and the interrelation between milk yield and milk quality indicators. It was found that there was a positive tendency for an increase in milk yield with an increase in the cows’ live weight from less than 550 kg to 624 kg. The most significant increase in milk yield in cows was in the range from 574 to 599 kg. The difference in milk yield between these groups was 692 kg or 8.1% in favor of animals with live weight of 575-599 kg. An increase in cows’ live weight over 625 kg leads to a decrease in milk yield, which amounted to 2.3%. Changes in correlation are observed from a negative average value in cows with a live weight of less than 550 kg to a positive average value in cows with a live weight of more than 625 kg. In first heifers with live weight from 575 to 599 kg, a very low positive interrelation between live weight and milk yield per lactation was recorded (0.04).
The dependence of the reproductive qualities of beef-cows on the Body Condition Scoring
Authors: Khakimov I.N. , Akimov A.L. , Zoteev V.S. , Simonov G.A. , Simonov A.G.
Published: October 2021

A comparative assessment of the reproductive qualities of beef-cows of the Hereford and Kazakh white-headed breeds is given, depending on the Body Condition Scoring. In the scientific and economic experiment in three farms on 3 groups of cows of two breeds, the influence of Body Condition Scoring on the reproductive qualities of cows was studied. It was found that cows with a Body Condition Scoring of 6 points have a significantly shorter service period (by 10-13 days) and the interval between calving (by 6-9 days), with an increase in the duration of pregnancy by 2-4 days, compared with cows with a score of 3 points. The calf crop per 100 cows, in groups with 6 Body Condition Scoring points, was higher than in groups with 3 Body Condition Scoring points by 9.2, 8.3 and 5.1%.
Organic beekeeping in Russia
Authors: Osintseva L.A. , Petukhov V.L. , Zheltikov A.I. , Marenkov V.G. , Gart V.V.
Published: October 2021

In our research firstly we provide to generalized conceptual basis for the characteristics of organic beekeeping in Russia, second determine the impact of organic beekeeping on the productivity and the third quality of beekeeping products, to assess the possibility. To assess the problems associated with some of the main parameters, we conducted literature review and analysis of beekeeping products obtained in an apiary that implements the principles of organic beekeeping in the south of Western Siberia (Vengerovo village, Novosibirsk region). Article investigates theoretical and practical aspects of the orientation of apiaries to the production of organic products in the context for growing level of competition.
Correlation of phosphorus level with macro- and microelements in the bristles of Landrace pigs
Authors: Zaiko Olga , Nazarenko Andrey , Strizhkova Marya , Zheltikov Aleksandr , Konovalova Tatyana
Published: October 2021

The presented results expand the understanding of the normal chemical composition of the body. The study was carried out on the basis of a pig-breeding farm in the Altai Territory in 2016-2020 on clinically healthy 6-month-old pigs of the Landrace breed. Chemical analysis of pig bristles was performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The data were processed using Statistica 8 software (StatSoft Inc., USA). A study of the correlations between phosphorus in bristles and other macro-, microelements, as well as chemical elements associated with phosphorus, has been carried out. Only positive connections of different strengths have been established between phosphorus and elements involved in the formation of bone tissue (calcium, magnesium, manganese), copper, iron and strontium. There are two groups of direct interactions of different strengths between the chemical elements associated with phosphorus. Explained supposedly the essence of the connections, which is consistent in the bristle, as the final site of exchange, with organs and tissues of mammals.
"Green farming" - a set of technologies of the future
Authors: Gusev E.M.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the work was to demonstrate the evolution of agricultural technologies, which leads to the orientation of agriculture towards the use of nature-like farming, using the example of the human civilization development. It was shown that in the XX century, the stage of development of soil cultivation technologies, associated with the transition from "gray" extensive technologies for managing natural resources, which were focused on momentary economic feasibility, to non-traditional farming technologies, began. It was demonstrated that a natural transition is currently taking place from the technology development strategy based on the principle of maximum entropy production by G. Ziegler, to the strategy of minimum entropy production by I. Prigozhin, which is based on the rationalization of the use of the planet's resources. It was confirmed that at the present stage humanity has approached the change of technologies from the extensive development and use of natural resources to rationalizing their use − "green farming", which is characterized by a more natural agricultural technology of soil cultivation; mulching its surface with plant residues which leads to a decrease in soil erosion and unproductive evaporation; minimizing soil compaction; reducing the need for irrigation; reducing the use of herbicides through the use of cover crops, etc.
Spread of seafish invasions in the northen sea of okhotsk as a factor of human infection
Authors: Vitomskova E.A. , Zhuleva V.I.
Published: October 2021

The results of the analysis are presented in the comparative aspect of the long-term - 1989 - 2021. - dynamics of infection of commercial fish with parasites common to humans and animals, and determination of their role in the spread of invasions among the population of the region. During this period, in marine fish – herring Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847 (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae), saffron cod Eleginus gracilis, flounder Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi and smelt Osmerus mordax dentex Steindachner, 1870 – 5 types of helminthes potentially dangerous for humans have been identified, which can cause such dangerous diseases like anisacidosis, diphyllobothriasis and corynosomiasis. All fish species show high rates of invasion. Herring is infested by 97.4%, saffron cod - 55.2%, flounder - 67.5%, smelt - 58.4%. Ichthyopathological examinations isolated Anisakis simplex, Pseudoterranova decipiens, Pyramicocephalus phocarum, Diphyllobothrium sobolevi, Corynosoma strumosum. Individuals with combined invasion were registered: saffron cod Anisakis simplex, Pyramicocephalus phocarum, Corynosoma strumosum; smelt Anisakis simplex (Pseudoterranova decipiens), Diphyllobothrium sobolevi, Corynosoma strumosum. The most dangerous for humans are flounder and smelt due to the localization of helminths in the muscles.
Development of a microbiological preparation for crops based on Bacillus pumilus strains
Authors: Malkova Angelina , Evdokimov Ivan , Shirmanov Maxim , Irkitova Alena , Dudnik Dina
Published: October 2021

Data of the microbial biopreparation development for protection and crop growth stimulation on the Bacillus bacteria basis are presented. Three B. pumilus strains isolated from the Altai region (the Russian Federation) plants rhizosphere were selected as active components of the bacterial preparation. L-bulone was chosen as the nutrient medium for flasks cultivation of the inoculum. A molasses-based nutrient medium was used to incubate the bacilli in a 15-liter fermenter. The finished microbial preparation was obtained in dry form. The biopreparation is a powder consisting of a lyophilically dried concentrates mixture of genus Bacillus spores. Bacilli biomass were pre-mixed with a protective medium based on gelatin and sucrose. The final number of bacteria in the microbial preparation is 1.29(±0.30) ×1012 CFU/g.
Formation of oat fresh yield and its protein yield in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia
Authors: Vasyukevich S.V. , Pyko T.Yu. , Yusova O.A. , Nikolaev P.N.
Published: October 2021

The results of the study of grain and fodder oat varieties in the competitive variety trial of the Omsk Agrarian Research Center are dis-cussed. The article provides data on the green food yield and its protein yield for the period from 2018 to 2020. The samples were tested under conditions with contrasting moisture content. Physiological indices of vari-eties are also analyzed: leaf area, accumulation and distribution of dry bi-omass as well as percentage of protein. The response of oat varieties by year to different weather conditions is shown. A favorable year has been identified for the formation of a common assimilating area of oat plants. It was revealed that the protein content in the vegetative mass of oats varies oppositely with the total yield. The accumulation of dry biomass in onto-genesis characterizes the photosynthetic activity of plants. It is in a positive relationship with their yieldability. The selection of grain and fodder oat varieties begins with the SP-2 nursery.
Analysis of the interaction scheme of agronomic traits of spring triticale
Authors: Grebennikova Irina G. , Grebennikov Alexander P.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of the correlation and cluster analysis of the relationship of grain productivity with morphobiological and agronomic traits in the breeding of forage spring hexaploid triticale varieties. Evaluation of the matrix of paired phenotypic correlations made it possible to determine the elements of the yield structure necessary to increase the efficiency of selection for individual traits and increase plant productivity. The results of many years of research made it possible to identify agronomic valuable samples of spring triticale. These samples are of interest as a starting material for practical breeding in the West Siberian region.
X-ray spectral microanalysis of W-Ni-Fe pseudoalloy obtained from electroerosive powders
Authors: Ageev Evgeny V. , Loktionova Oxana G. , Pikalov Sergey V. , Kolmykov Valeryi I.
Published: October 2021

The results of X-ray spectral microanalysis of W-Ni-Fe pseudo-alloy, obtained from electroerosive powders, are presented. Consolidation of the obtained electroerosive powders was carried out by the method of spark plasma sintering using the SPS 25-10 spark plasma sintering system. Using an EDAX energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer built into a Quanta 600 FEG scanning electron microscope, characteristic X-ray spectra were obtained at various points on the sample surface and along a transverse section. As a result of the study, it was found that on the surface of the investigated sintered sample, tungsten, nickel and iron are contained as the main elements, and oxygen, copper and chromium are also present in small amounts.
Influence of oxide inclusions on the process of interparticle splicing of powder materials
Authors: Egorov Maxim , Egorova Rimma , Ereveeva Zanna
Published: October 2021

One of the characteristic features of the structure of the powder material is the increased content of oxide inclusions. In most works considering the influence of oxide inclusions on the fracture process, their contradictory role in the processes of crack initiation and development is noted, which consists, on the one hand, in creating concentrators of internal stresses, increasing the tendency of the material to brittle fracture and in reducing the plastic properties of the material, on the other, when oxide inclusions of appropriate dispersion and distribution in the volume of the matrix prevent the sliding of dislocations, thereby contributing to its strengthening. The positive effect of oxide inclusions on the mechanical properties of the material led to the development of the internal oxidation technology as one of the methods of precipitation hardening of materials.
Methods for introducing carbon into the composition of structural powder materials
Authors: Egorov Maxim , Egorova Rimma , Ereveeva Zanna
Published: October 2021

Durability and reliability of machines and mechanisms depends on the structural strength of the products from which they are made. The main requirement for any product is trouble-free operation under the conditions of the established operational period. This determines the requirements for structural materials, the main of which are technological, operational and economic. The production of sintered powder products ensures the lowest energy consumption and the lowest waste. The introduction of carbon into powder materials significantly increases the strength characteristics of the product.
On the influence of clustering processes in the liquid structure on Raman scattering
Authors: Melnikov Gennady , Ignatenko Nikolay , Petrova Lyudmila , Manzhos Olga , Gromkov Andrey
Published: October 2021

A mathematical relation has been obtained that makes it possible to calculate the polarizability of a polyatomic molecule in the structure of a cluster. It is shown that the scattered frequencies in the Raman effect are proportional to the square root of the number of particles in the most probable (or average) cluster in the liquid structure. The appearance of frequencies in the far part of the Raman spectrum region is caused by the processes of intermolecular interactions in clusters and the processes of disintegration or formation of cluster systems in the structure of disordered condensed media. According to the proposed model and experimental data in the frequency range 20–1300 cm-1, it has been carried out the comparison of the values of the calculated frequencies of the Raman spectrum and their mutual position, which has shown the adequacy of the proposed model. The cluster model of liquid structure and the methods of mathematical statistics and statistical thermodynamics make it possible to expand the capabilities of the classical theory of Raman scattering in liquids and to predict the position of spectral bands in Raman spectra in the far long-wavelength region of the spectrum. It is revealed that the formation and breakdown of the most probable clusters is associated with the correlations of the most stable clusters (in terms of the number of particles) in a condensed medium with the Fibonacci numbers.
Features of the damping capacity of Mn – Cu alloys
Authors: Naumov Sergey , Ginne Svetlana
Published: October 2021

Data on the damping capacity of Mn – Cu alloys are adduced. The results of studying the influence of alloying elements, natural ageing at temperatures of 293 K, 273 K and 263 K on the stability of the damping capacity of Mn – Cu alloys are presented. The high damping capacity of Mn – Cu alloys decreases by 4 ... 6 times during natural ageing at 293 K, remains during 1,7 years of natural ageing at 273 K and 263 K. The analysis of factors that should be considered responsible for a sharp decrease in the damping capacity of Mn – Cu alloys during natural ageing is submitted.
Regularities of Changes in the Microhardness of Carbon Steels during Gas Laser Cutting
Authors: Minaev Igor V. , Ageev Evgeny V. , Kutepov Sergey N. , Gvozdev Alexander E.
Published: October 2021

The paper considers the regularities of changes in the microhardness of carbon steels during gas-laser cutting. Quantitative numerical estimates of the extent of the gas-laser thermal influence zone are made. It is shown that according to the data of durometric analysis, the length of the zone of gas-laser thermal influence reaches 2200 microns.
Evaluation of PhD Students’ and Endodontists’ Treatment Approaches during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Questionnaire-Based Survey
Authors: Olcay Keziban , Yusufoglu Selen I.
Published: October 2021

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate endodontists’ treatment approaches during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Materials and Methods Web-based 16-question survey was sent to members of the Turkish Endodontic Society via social media and email between May 5 to 25, 2020, to obtain information about the members’ demographic characteristics and treatment approaches of seven cases considering COVID-19. The cases represented different endodontic diseases such as symptomatic apical periodontitis, chronic apical periodontitis, acute apical abscess, asymptomatic and symptomatic cases required retreatment, third molar tooth with endodontic symptoms, and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was performed using a Chi-square test. The statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.

Results Of the 203 respondents, 65.5% were females and 34.5% were males, 62.6% were endodontists and 37.4% were PhD students, 68% worked at a university, 21.2% worked at private clinics, and 10.8% worked at public clinics. Frequency of going to work was mostly once a week (31%). Most commonly performed treatments were “acute apical abscess (32.2%)” and “symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (30.8%).” The respondents most frequently preferred “to prescribe antibiotics and/or painkillers and postpone the treatment” in cases 1 and 6, “to follow-up” in cases 2 and 5, “to extract the tooth” in case 4, and “to start endodontic treatment but postpone the treatment by placing antibacterial medicament into the root canals” in cases 3 and 7 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion During a pandemic, the general treatment approach for endodontic emergencies should be to eliminate acute symptoms and minimize the risk of transmission.
Dorsal Plate Osteosynthesis in Simple and Complex Fractures of the Distal Radius: A Radiological Analysis of 166 Cases
Authors: Ghafoor Haval , Haefeli Mathias , Steiger Regula , Honigmann Philipp
Published: October 2021

Background To report the radiologic outcome and rate of complications of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using a dorsal plate fixation of simple and complex distal radius fractures in adult patients.

Methods Patients treated with dorsal ORIF of simple and complex distal radius fractures between December 2008 and April 2013 were included in this single-center retrospective study. Type of fracture, radiographic measurements, and complications were documented.

Results One-hundred and sixty-six patients/fractures were included. Restoration of radial inclination (22° ± 3°) was achieved in 38%. Radial height (14 ± 1 mm) was least likely to be restored to normal values postoperative in 25%. Normal ulnar variance (0.7 ± 1.5 mm) could be observed in 60% and adequate volar tilt (11° ± 5°) was achieved in 50% at final follow-up. We observed one loss of reduction in an AO type C2 fracture and a total of 15 nonimplant-related minor clinical complications.

Conclusion Our radiographic findings after dorsal plating are comparable to those published on volar plating. The changes in radial height and volar tilt could be attributed to projection-related differences in the radiographs and did not signify a loss of reduction in all cases.

Clinical Relevance Dorsal plating of distal radius fractures is safe and remains an important approach in the treatment of complex distal radius fractures. Complications in our study were even less compared to those reported in the literature.

Type of Study/Level of Evidence This is a Type IV study.

Level of Experience of Surgeons The level of experience of surgeons is III–V.
Poor Patient-Reported Outcomes following Surgical Treatment of Eaton Grade 1 Osteoarthritis of the Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint
Authors: Jørgensen Rasmus Wejnold , Odgaard Anders , Anderson Kiran Annette , Jensen Claus Hjorth
Published: October 2021

Background Osteoarthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMC-1 OA) is increasingly common with age. Conservative treatment with anti-inflammatory medication, thumb spica splinting, and steroid injection is recommended for early-stage OA, but some patients will continue to have refractory symptoms and surgery may be considered. We found it interesting to study outcomes of surgical treatment of cases with mild radiographic changes and yet symptoms severe enough to indicate surgery. The specific research question is, if there is a limit of radiographic changes, below which a poor patient-reported outcome (PRO) can be expected.

Purpose In a retrospective cohort of patients with prospectively collected PROs, we intend to study the effect of the radiographic CMC-1 OA severity on the PRO improvement and satisfaction after interposition arthroplasty.

Patients and Methods Radiographs of 347 patients, who had CMC-1 surgery, were retrospectively analyzed. Each rater independently assessed all radiographs classifying each according to the Eaton classification. All patients had surgery with CMC-1 interposition arthroplasty using three well-known techniques that all include a complete trapeziectomy. Comparison between stage 1 and stage 2–4 was done using Chi-square test and t-test.

Results Patients with Eaton stage 1 had a mean improvement in Quick-DASH (Quick-Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire) scores of 14.6 points. Patients with Eaton stage 2 to 4 had a mean improvement of 25.3 points. The difference between these two groups was 10.6 points (p = 0.009). Only 52% of patients with Eaton stage 1 OA were satisfied. However, 76% of patients with Eaton stage 2 to 4 were satisfied (p = 0.008, chi-square between stage 1 and stage 2–4).

Conclusion Patients with Eaton stage 1 CMC-1 OA had poorer PROs, as compared with more advanced stages of OA, 6 months following surgical treatment with interposition arthroplasty. Based on our results, we advise against surgical treatment with interposition arthroplasty of the very mildest CMC-1 OA, regardless of the preoperative PROs.
Effect of water depth on Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in a shallow water flow
Authors: Le Thi Thai
Published: October 2021

It is well known that the interface between two regions of an incompressible ideal fluid flow moving in a relative motion is necessarily destabilized, regardless of the velocity difference’s strength. This phenomenon is the so-called Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. However, a large number of works demonstrated a surprising result that the instability is suppressed for shallow water flows; the interface is stabilized if the Froude number, defined by the velocity difference’s ratio to the gravity wave’s speed, is sufficiently large. In a limited way, these authors used the shallow water equations without the higher-order effect of the dispersive terms. Thus, this investigation aims at examining these higher-order dispersive effects to analyze the interface stability problem of tangential-velocity discontinuity in shallow water flows. In particular, we use the Green–Naghdi equations to introduce the dispersive terms related to the depth and the depth-averaged horizontal velocities of the fluid. We show that the interface stability depends on the Froude number (i.e., the velocity difference’s strength) and the water depth. A critical value of the Froude number to stabilize the interface is smaller than the case of no dispersive terms, and the flow in a deeper region is more stable than in a shallower one. We also consider the distribution of kinetic and potential energy to clarify a feature characteristic of a large class of instabilities in shallow water flow. The instability of flows is caused by the decrease in the kinetic energy during the perturbation of waves. This phenomenon is known as negative energy modes and plays a vital role in applying the model to industrial equipment. A conclusion is that the equipartition of energies occurs if and only if the velocity difference is zero and the water depth is shallow enough to ignore the dispersive terms.
Non-convergence of the spherical harmonic expansion of gravitational potential below the Brillouin sphere: The continuous case
Authors: Ogle C. , Costin O. , Bevis M.
Published: October 2021

For a singleton planet, P, with gravitational potential, V, we show that for each ɛ > 0, there exists a planet P′ with gravitational potential V′, with (P′, V′) “ɛ-close” to (P, V) (in an appropriate C0-sense), for which the spherical harmonic expansion of V′ does not extend more than a distance ɛ below the Brillouin sphere of P′.
Interferences and localization in disordered media with anisotropic structural correlations
Authors: Wang B. X. , Zhao C. Y.
Published: October 2021

Anisotropic photonic structures play a vital role in tailoring micro- and nanoscale light-matter interactions. In this work, we investigate the interference and localization effects in two-dimensional disordered media containing dipolar scatterers with anisotropic positional correlations. We study the anisotropy-induced frequency shifts in the transmission spectra, which cannot be accounted for by the independent scattering approximation or effective medium theory. We reveal that the distribution of eigenmodes strongly depends on the anisotropic structural correlations, and in all cases, Anderson localized modes are observed although their spatial extent exhibits different degrees of anisotropy. By calculating the level statistics, we demonstrate that the introduction of anisotropy to structural correlations has nontrivial effects on the level spacing statistics, which can be somewhat captured by a critical distribution function that works in the metal–insulator transition regime. This work can provide physical insights into the wave aspects of light transport in disordered media due to anisotropic structural correlations and guide the design of novel nanophotonic devices based on resonant scatterers.
Accurate full configuration interaction correlation energy estimates for five- and six-membered rings
Authors: Damour Yann , Véril Mickaël , Kossoski Fábris , Caffarel Michel , Jacquemin Denis , Scemama Anthony , Loos Pierre-François
Published: October 2021

Following our recent work on the benzene molecule [P.-F. Loos, Y. Damour, and A. Scemama, J. Chem. Phys. 153, 176101 (2020)], motivated by the blind challenge of Eriksen et al. [J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11, 8922 (2020)] on the same system, we report accurate full configuration interaction (FCI) frozen-core correlation energy estimates for 12 five- and six-membered ring molecules (cyclopentadiene, furan, imidazole, pyrrole, thiophene, benzene, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyridine, pyrimidine, s-tetrazine, and s-triazine) in the standard correlation-consistent double-ζ Dunning basis set (cc-pVDZ). Our FCI correlation energy estimates, with an estimated error smaller than 1 millihartree, are based on energetically optimized-orbital selected configuration interaction calculations performed with the configuration interaction using a perturbative selection made iteratively algorithm. Having at our disposal these accurate reference energies, the respective performance and convergence properties of several popular and widely used families of single-reference quantum chemistry methods are investigated. In particular, we study the convergence properties of (i) the Møller–Plesset perturbation series up to fifth-order (MP2, MP3, MP4, and MP5), (ii) the iterative approximate coupled-cluster series CC2, CC3, and CC4, and (iii) the coupled-cluster series CCSD, CCSDT, and CCSDTQ. The performance of the ground-state gold standard CCSD(T) as well as the completely renormalized CC model, CR-CC(2,3), is also investigated. We show that MP4 provides an interesting accuracy/cost ratio, while MP5 systematically worsens the correlation energy estimates. In addition, CC3 outperforms CCSD(T) and CR-CC(2,3), as well as its more expensive parent CCSDT. A similar trend is observed for the methods including quadruple excitations, where the CC4 model is shown to be slightly more accurate than CCSDTQ, both methods providing correlation energies within 2 millihartree of the FCI limit.
“Striped” rectangular rigid box with Hermitian and non-Hermitian PT symmetric potentials
Authors: Kulkarni Shailesh , Pathak Rajeev K.
Published: October 2021

Eigenspectra of a spinless particle inside a rigid rectangular box subject to diverse inner potential distributions are investigated under both Hermitian and non-Hermitian antiunitary PT (composite parity and time-reversal) symmetric regimes. Four “stripes” conjoined widthwise, spanning the box bearing piecewise constant potentials, are studied whose exact energy eigenspectra are obtained employing matrix mechanics. Diverse real-Hermitian and complex non-Hermitian PT symmetric potential compositions are considered separately and in conjunction, unraveling peculiar retention and breakdown scenarios engendered by PT symmetry. Some states exhibit remarkable crossovers of symmetry “making” and “breaking”: a broken PT gets reinstated, while higher levels “collude” to continue with symmetry breaking. Furthermore, a charged particle in a PT symmetric electric field imposed on the striped potential backdrop reveals peculiar symmetry retention and breakdown scenarios. Depictions of prominent probability-density redistributions under the norm conserving unitary regime, as well as non-conserving post-PT-breakdown, are presented.
CO2 activation at Au(110)–water interfaces: An ab initio molecular dynamics study
Authors: Qin Xueping , Vegge Tejs , Hansen Heine Anton
Published: October 2021

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals under mild conditions has become a promising technology for energy storage and conversion in the past few years, receiving much attention from theoretical researchers investigating the reaction mechanisms. However, most of the previous simulations are related to the key intermediates of *COOH and *CO using the computational hydrogen electrode approach under vacuum conditions, and the details of the CO2 activation are usually ignored due to the model simplicity. Here, we study the CO2 activation at the Au–water interfaces by considering the dynamics of an explicit water solvent, where both regular ab initio molecular dynamics and constrained ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to explore the CO2 adsorption/desorption reactions from the atomic level. By introducing K+ cations into Au(110)–water interfacial models, an electrochemical environment under reducing potentials is constructed, where the reaction free energy (0.26 eV) and activation energy (0.61 eV) are obtained for CO2 adsorption based on the thermodynamic integration. Moreover, the Bader charge analysis demonstrates that CO2 adsorption is activated by the first-electron transfer, forming the adsorbed CO2− anion initiating the overall catalytic reaction.
The Concepts of Physics
Authors: Singh Anirudh
Published: October 2021

The nature of physical theory has evolved over time, and the concept sets used to describe them have changed accordingly. Before the 20th century, the contents of the static, infinite universe could be described adequately by the concepts of particles, forces, waves, and the fundamental constants εo, μo, and G. Several phenomena were then discovered at the atomic scale that needed the development of the completely new conceptual framework of quantum physics. This revolutionary development acknowledged the wave-particle duality and the role of observers in measurement. An explanation of the atomic spectra had to await the discovery of the intrinsic electron spin, which led to a new conceptual revolution when it was pointed out by Pauli that particles could have either integral or half-integral spin, and the statistics of particles at the quantum scale was determined by the nature of these spins.

The third revolution in the concepts of physics came with the association of symmetry with the behavior of the fundamental particles of physics. It was realized that the notion of symmetry, in conjunction with the gauge theories of quantum mechanics, could be used to explain the results of high-energy particle collisions as well as the prediction of new particles.
The Energy–Mass Duality and the FEMT Model
Authors: Singh Anirudh
Published: October 2021

This chapter aims to show how a critical analysis using the older concepts of physics may be able to lend useful insights into some of the currently unanswered questions of the nature of the universe. It uses the Einstein energy–mass relation as the fundamental relation for postulating the conversion of energy to mass. The Fundamental Energy–Mass Transformation (FEMT) model uses pair production in the presence of electromagnetic fields to postulate its first form. This is generalized to a force of a general nature in its second form.

The model is next employed to investigate the possible nature of dark energy. This is achieved by considering the force field in the model to be the gravitational field, and investigating the outcome when a gravitational wave passes through the strong gravitational field of a black hole. The pair of particles that are produced are called mass/anti-mass particles to differentiate them from the pair formed in the electromagnetic case. Investigation of the nature of anti-mass shows that such particles will aggregate into larger massive bodies and repel normal mass.
Symmetry and the Evolution of Physics
Authors: Singh Anirudh
Published: October 2021

This chapter provides an insight into the role of symmetry in the elucidation of the current theories of particle physics. Most of conventional matter of the universe is made up of quarks, leptons, and the gauge and Higgs bosons. Of the four known forces of nature, comprising the strong and weak nuclear forces, the electromagnetic force, and the gravitational force, the first three can be described by quantum field theories (QFTs), each of which has a gauge symmetry represented by a symmetry group. These are U(1) for the electromagnetic, SU(1) for the weak, and SU(2) for the strong force. The Standard Model of particle physics has the SU(2) × SU(1) × U(1) symmetry group. Symmetries may be divided into space–time and internal symmetries, leading to the conservation of extrinsic and intrinsic properties (respectively) of the particles, according to Noether's Theorem. New particles/gauge bosons are discovered theoretically by the gauging principle, where the broken symmetry of the Hamiltonian or Lagrangian is fixed by the introduction of a new component of the force. Theory is related to the experimental scattering cross-section data by guessing at the symmetry being followed, and using relativistic quantum mechanics to calculate the corresponding scattering cross-sections.
Metasurfaces: Theoretical Basis and Application Overview
Authors: Caputo Roberto , Ferraro Antonio
Published: October 2021

In the last 20 years, metamaterials have attracted much attention for their exotic physical behaviors not commonly present in nature. However, this class of micro- and nanostructured artificial media, characterized by groundbreaking electromagnetic and photonic properties, has encountered difficulty in entering industrial upscale and end-user device mass production. Indeed, high losses and strong dispersion, related to the use of metallic structures, as well as the difficulty of fabricating micro- and nanoscale 3D structures, have hindered practical applications of metamaterials. On the contrary, 2D metamaterials or metasurfaces with negligible height, made of a single or few layers, offer much lower losses and a natural advantage in terms of fabrication with standard lithography or nanoimprint replication techniques. Moreover, metasurfaces allow a spatially varying optical response in terms of scattering amplitude, phase, and polarization. In the specific case of metalenses, optical wavefronts can be shaped and designed at will and eventually integrated with tunable and functional materials to achieve active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. In this introductory chapter, key concepts about metasurfaces physics are introduced evidencing peculiar behaviors. A general classification of metasurfaces follows in terms of constituting materials and their assembly, resulting in metastructures with specific application and functionalities.
Metastructures-Induced Hyper-Resolution in Two-Photon Direct Laser Writing
Authors: Lio Giuseppe Emanuele , Caputo Roberto
Published: October 2021

Two-photon direct laser writing (TP-DLW) is widely used in stereolithographic processes for realizing sophisticated micro- and nanoscale structures with application in fluidics, photonics, and biomedical devices. In this chapter, it is detailed how leveraging on metal-dielectric metastructures with peculiar optical functionalities is possible to enhance the performance of a generic TP-DLW device, thus enabling the fabrication of all-dielectric nanostructures with hyper-resolution in height ($15\:nm$) and width as small as $150\:nm$. The results open new frontiers toward the realization of all-dielectric ultraflat optical elements in a noticeably shorter time than standard time-consuming electron and deep-UV lithography processes.
Hybrid Metastructures Enabled by Dual-Frequency Liquid Crystals
Authors: Kowerdziej Rafał
Published: October 2021

Shortening the switching times of soft matter–based active metamaterials is one of the milestones to improve the functionality of frontier active devices. The frequency-convertible dielectric anisotropy of dual-frequency liquid crystal (DFLC) mixtures enables a fast response that can be tuned by an electrical signal with different frequencies. In this chapter, an introduction of double-frequency liquid crystals evidencing the functionalities of these systems and the advantage of their use to hybridize plasmonic metastructures is provided. Novel DFLC-based metastructures have been realized and characterized showing submillisecond response to electrical stimuli, about three orders of magnitude lower compared to systems loaded with standard nematic liquid crystals. A detailed numerical analysis of the E- and H-field distribution maps performed at the resonant frequencies of these systems confirms the experimental results. Furthermore, the DFLC-based hybrid metastructure reveals theoretically predicted switchable epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) properties. Finally, they provide an efficient platform for designing active broadband achromatic THz wave plates. These active metamaterials pave the way to numerous applications, including nonreciprocal magneto-optical effects, dielectric permittivity sensing, nonlinear ultrafast optical tuning, and self-assembled plasmonic systems.
Biomolecular Sensing in Hybrid Chiral/Hyperbolic Metastructures
Authors: Palermo Giovanna , Strangi Giuseppe
Published: October 2021

In recent years, the biomolecular recognition of proteins and genetic fragments such as DNA and RNA is attracting a great deal of attention in the development of diagnostic protocols for infectious and tumor diseases. The intrinsic chirality of matter has always represented an interesting challenge in the design of nanomaterials and metastructures capable of controlling the chiral light–chiral matter interaction.

In this chapter, we discuss how optical chirality can be used to enhance the chiral response of biomolecules in the near field through the use of superchiral fields. In addition, the interface between a chiral metasurface and a hyperbolic metamaterial can provide both high specificity and sensitivity for biomolecules characterized by low molecular weight and specific handedness.
Mangrove Species Diversity, Stand Structure, and Zonation — A Case Study at Pahawang Kecil Island
Authors: Nabilah Rizka , Sitanggang Fajar Islam , Rahayu Yeni
Published: October 2021

Pesawaran Regency is an administrative area of Lampung Province which has the potential marine tourism with mangrove resources in Pahawang Kecil Island. Pahawang Kecil island is a coastal natural tourist destinations located in Punduh Padada District, Pesawaran Regency. The mangrove ecosystem is a community of mangrove vegetation associated with fauna and microorganisms. There are various components of life in the ecosystem. In addition, the main function of mangroves is to protect stability of the shoreline from sea waves. In fact, the conversion of mangrove ecosystems become a tourist area and fish pond area continues. This impact to the local government and community members to rehabilitation mangroves. However, this prefentive activity to rehabilitation are failed. This failure caused by not according to the mangrove planting area. Planting mangrove is not in the green belt area. Thus, it is necessary to have a preliminary study of landscape typology mangrove vegetation. In accordance with the presidential regulation Number 37 of 2012 which explains that the preservation of mangrove ecosystems is by accommodating deep mangrove ecosystems Regional Spatial Planning and zoning of coastal areas and small islands. The purpose of this study was to identify the condition of mangrove vegetation and create the mapping typology of mangrove vegetation on Pahawang Kecil Island. The research was carried out on vegetation parameters using the combination method of lines and checkered lines with measurement of diameter, height and number of individuals. In addition, measurements of the inundation height of each were carried out in research sites. Pahawang Kecil has the Rhyzophora stylosa species with the highest volume level of mangrove vegetation, namely 3.2538.15 m3 / ha. The location of Pahawang Kecil Island was identified in 10x10 meter dominance species mangrove Rizophora stylosa with a relative density with a value of 94.12%, relative frequency value of 8.47%, and an important value of 105.96%.
A Benchmark Model for Predicting Building Energy and Daylight Performance in The Early Phase of Design Utilizing Parametric Design Exploration
Authors: Khidmat Rendy Perdana , Fukuda Hiroatsu , Kustiani  , Wibowo Andi Prasetiyo
Published: October 2021

Along with the enormous impact on computational development in architecture and urban design, the way in approaching the built environment is shifting and intended to look closer to performance and evidence-based design. This development holds promise in handling complex computation to approach desired targeted design goals. However, the implementation of form-finding and design performance optimization still lacks, particularly in Japan’s sub-tropical climate. This paper describes the parametric design and design exploration process’s implementation through the generative algorithm platform to develop a benchmark model to predict building energy and daylight performance and find possible design solutions from the iteration process during the early phase of the design process. The variables incorporated related to the glazing ratio, the length of the overhang, and building orientation. Grasshopper, a parametric-based plugin that works in Rhinoceros, is used to arrange a parametric definition for the overall experiment. The tools used to investigate the environmental analysis and energy consumption are Ladybug and Honeybee, and the exploration process will be conducted using Design Explorer. The context will be situated in Orio district and uses the EPW file of Kitakyushu city, Fukuoka, Japan. The results of this research furthermore can potentially be a comparison for more dynamic factors.
Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria’s Selection from Soil Contaminated Engine Oil Waste of South Lampung
Authors: Lisafitri Yuni , Prasetio Bambang
Published: October 2021

Waste containing hydrocarbon compounds is classified as hazardous and toxic waste. Waste management must be done properly to prevent environmental pollution that ultimately has an impact on environmental damage. Engine oil is one of the hydrocarbon compound products that are widely used by motor vehicles. Waste engine oil from automotive repair shops has not been properly managed because Waste engine oil is often thrown away on the ground around the workshop. This condition has been going on for a long time due to soil contamination by waste engine oil. Thus, most microbes cannot live in polluted soils. Isolation of microorganisms in polluted soils is carried out to obtain bacteria that can grow in hydrocarbon-contaminated soils and have the potential to degrade hydrocarbon compounds. After isolation bacteria from two selected locations (Way Hui and Way Kandis), this research got four bacteria. These four isolates were selected by growing on selective media which added with engine oil with a concentration of 2% for 7 days. selection is done by counting the population of each isolate that lives in the media. Bacteria population was calculated on t1 (day 1), t4 (day 4) and on t7 (day 7). In addition, the selection is also done by calculating TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) at t1 and t7. From these stages, it got one isolate (B7) which showed the highest results in population and three isolates showed the highest TPH decreasing (B1, B6 and B7).
Development of an Internet-of-Things-Based-Container for UAV Payload Transport Application in Disaster’s Location
Authors: Evita Maria , Seno Sensius , Zakiyyatuddin Azka , Kadek Agus Sara Sawita I , Mustikawati Sekar Tanjung , Djamal Mitra
Published: October 2021

Natural disaster often occurs nowadays all around the world result in environmental damage and broken infrastructure which prevent logistics transportation for the evacuees. Therefore, it has been developed a payload transport UAV based on Internet of Things (IoT) for transportation of goods (foods, clothes and medicines) to the disaster location. The transport system consists of a relatively small (52.5 cm, 52.5 cm and 26.5 cm of length, width and height respectively) container (as the main part of the system) lifted by an UAV using a rope, servo motor and a pulley which are controlled by IoT Platform for user friendly access through a smartphone, tablet, laptop or computer. The system is equipped with automatic door and lock system, ultrasonic sensor system for distance measurement and pulley system with 17 N cm torque servo motor 360° for loading and unloading mechanism. Lolin Node (Microcontroller Unit) MCU v3 using Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol of IoT for WiFi and GSM networks has been used for the system for control and communication application. Hereinafter, the pulley system has been successfully tested to lift until 9.27 kg of load, 50 cm of distance motion with 6.3 cm/s upward velocity and 11.4 cm/s downward velocity.