bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blockchain applications in supply chain management: a systematic review of reviews
Authors: Khan Mohd Ziyauddin , Kumar Ashwani , Sahu Aditya Kumar
Published: March 2023

Purpose

A fragmented research field exists on the applications of disruptive technologies like blockchain in supply chain management. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present a systematic review of literature reviews, summarising the applications of blockchain in various kinds and facets of the supply chain to date.

Design/methodology/approach

The literature search was conducted using Scopus and Web Of Science databases, and reporting was performed using PRISMA guidelines. In total, 43 review papers were identified, and 15 reviews applicable to the study were synthesised.

Findings

Blockchain technology is still in its infancy; however, it is gaining high utility in supply chain management. The technology is constantly expanding its application base, and it has enormous potential to cut out intermediaries and improve the efficiency of supply chains. Taking a look at the past and the present, the current study explores unexplored research avenues for the future.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides key insights to academia interested in exploring and advancing the topic.

Practical implications

This study will benefit practitioners and business managers exercising the potential of such a technology in various industrial contexts.

Social implications

The outcome of this study has the potential to bring many benefits to society at large. These benefits, if fully realised, could positively impact the society.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first broad systematic review of reviews analysing the information about blockchain applications and implementation in the supply chain. Based on its constructive overview of the review studies published to date, this study contributes to the supply chain management literature by providing a table of reference for future researchers.
The effects of ethnic conflict and foreign fighters on conflict duration: a statistical analysis
Authors: Pehlivan Oğuzhan , Gokmen Yunus
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Foreign fighters (FFs) appeared in at least approximately one-fourth of conflicts over the past 200 years. This study aims to reveal the impact of FFs in conflicts, whether they resolve the conflict faster or they drag out the conflict, and investigate the single and simultaneous impacts of ethnic conflict (EC) and FFs on conflict duration (CD).

Design/methodology/approach

The data set consisting of 352 conflicts from 1818 to 2022 was collected from different sources. Logarithmic Linear Regression with Dummy Variables and the Cox Regression models were used to check the hypotheses.

Findings

One of the key findings of this analysis is that the use of FFs extends the duration of conflicts. Similarly, conflicts involving EC increase CD. Additionally, the simultaneous effect of FFs and EC together increases the CD much more, and it is noted CD significantly varies regionally.

Research limitations/implications

As this study focused on the factors that affect the duration of the conflict in the hypotheses, the findings only can contribute to explaining the duration rather than factors such as the number of casualties and economic losses. The authors believe that policy and key decision-makers can benefit from the results and think twice before deciding to use FFs in conflicts.

Originality/value

This study offers a separate and simultaneous effect of EC and FFs on CD, which provides some empirical contributions to conflict management by filling the gap in this area.
Sustainable design concepts and their definitions: an inductive content-analysis-based literature review
Authors: Horani Lara F.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This research aims to explore various definitions of sustainability and sustainable design and determine the researcher's understanding of sustainable design concepts. In the past decades under the three elements of sustainability, between 1975 and 2021. This study is to conceptually construct sustainable design. It enhances and widens previous research to comprehend sustainable design. To this aim, a systematic review of the relevant collection of literature on sustainability and sustainable design will be conducted, guided by two questions: What is sustainable design? Do the sustainable design definitions involve economic, social and environmental elements? Since the concept of sustainability is to balance environmental, economic and social elements in product and service design.

Design/methodology/approach

The author conducts an inductive content analysis of concepts and definitions mentioned or discussed in several journals, a total of 573 articles were published, with a clear definition of sustainable design included in the review process. In the analysis, 56 definitions have been used.

Findings

In the analysis, 56 definitions for environments, environmental design, environmental innovations, social design, eco-efficiency, eco-design, ecological product, environmentally friendly product and the concept of sustainable design have been used. The most often used definition, according to the research analysis, is sustainable design. This research found sustainable design definitions might be unclear and the concepts could be misunderstood. Thus, the goal of this research was to provide an effective system for sustainable design definitions, with adequate flexibility to create obvious differences to encourage further research in this field to develop comprehensive definitions for essential concepts, the different definitions of sustainable design show a lack of understanding of the real meaning of the concepts. As a result, these inconsistencies are likely to restrict future research and the adaptation of sustainable design concepts in the industry.

Originality/value

The development of sustainable design concepts and definitions, as used by many authors and organizations, is aided by the availability of numerous information sources. As a result, lots of new terms have emerged in the sustainability field, or old ones have been developed, but definitions and conceptual meanings haven't received sufficient analysis. Because the meanings of certain phrases are poor, identical or just differ slightly, the variety of definitions generates significant misunderstanding regarding their usage.
DeFi Common Sense: Crypto‐backed Lending in Janesh s/o Rajkumar v Unknown Person (‘CHEFPIERRE’)
Authors: Chan Timothy , Low Kelvin F.K.
Published: March 2023

One of the selling points of cryptoassets has been the ability to subject them to so‐called ‘smart contracts’ embedded upon blockchains; yet, despite numerous common law decisions accepting cryptoassets as property, until Janesh s/o Rajkumar v Unknown Person (‘CHEFPIERRE’) no courts have had the occasion to consider how such property (in this case, an NFT) interact with these ‘smart contracts’. The case considers ‘smart contracts’ in the context of decentralised finance (DeFi), thus also raising questions concerning the legal effectiveness and prudence of using cryptoassets as objects of security. Although the non‐participation of the defendant meant that the court was deprived of full arguments, the judgment remains worthy of consideration, both for what the court does consider – specifically, criticisms of the Ainsworth test of property – and what it does not.
Fiscal Policy in the COVID‐19 Era1
Authors: Murphy Chris
Published: March 2023

This paper analyses the COVID recession and the large fiscal policy response by modelling scenarios using a macro‐econometric model. The COVID recession mainly arose from lower household consumption of certain services under COVID social distancing. The fiscal response to compensate for income losses in those service industries meant that unemployment was around 2 percentage points lower for 3 years than otherwise would have been the case. However, there was over‐compensation: for every $1 of income the private sector lost under COVID, fiscal policy provided $2 of compensation. Following the end of social distancing, the aftereffects of over‐compensation and over‐prolonged loose monetary policy are modelled to have generated excess demand that temporarily added up to 3 percentage points to the annual inflation rate. Also, three forms of over‐compensation in the JobKeeper program that led the fiscal response created disincentive effects and inequities. The primary lesson for future pandemics is that fiscal policy should compensate, but not over‐compensate, for income losses, both in aggregate and at the program level. The secondary lesson is that monetary policy needs to take more account of the stimulus already provided by the fiscal response, so that interest rates do not remain very low for too long.
Multilevel longitudinal relations among impulsive traits, positive expectancies, and binge drinking from late adolescence to adulthood: A developmental test of acquired preparedness
Authors: Waddell Jack T. , Chassin Laurie
Published: March 2023

Background

The Acquired Preparedness Model (APM) posits that highly impulsive individuals develop stronger positive alcohol expectancies, which in turn predicts heavier drinking. However, most acquired preparedness studies have focused solely on between‐person relations, despite the theory suggesting that there are potential developmental‐specific within‐person relations. Thus, the current study tested the APM from late adolescence into adulthood, while disaggregating within‐ from between‐person relations.

Methods

Data come from a multigenerational study of familial alcohol use disorder (N=653) spanning three waves 5 years apart. Participants reported their lack of conscientiousness, sensation seeking, positive alcohol expectancies, and binge drinking at each wave. First, missing data techniques were used to create a “ghost timepoint,” allowing the specification of four developmental‐specific timepoints representing late adolescence (age 18 to 20), emerging adulthood (age 21 to 25), young adulthood (age 26 to 29), and adulthood (age 30 to 39). Second, a Random‐Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Model tested between‐person and within‐person relations among variables.

Results

At the between‐person level, lower conscientiousness and sensation seeking were correlated with higher positive expectancies, and positive expectancies were correlated with more binge drinking. There were no within‐person prospective relations among conscientiousness, sensation seeking, and positive expectancies. However, within‐person increases in lack of conscientiousness during late adolescence predicted within‐person increases in emerging adult binge drinking, and within‐person increases in late adolescent and emerging adult binge drinking predicted within‐person increases in lack of conscientiousness during emerging and young adulthood, respectively. Similarly, within‐person increases in late adolescent and young adult sensation seeking predicted within‐person increases in binge drinking during emerging adulthood and adulthood, respectively. Binge drinking did not reciprocally predict sensation seeking.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that acquired preparedness effects may be between persons rather than within persons. However, several within‐person developmental‐specific relations among conscientiousness, sensation seeking, and binge drinking were observed, outside of expectancies. Findings are discussed in terms of theory and prevention.
Education as identity
Authors: Jones Ben
Published: March 2023

In eastern Uganda “being educated” is an identity that people work on throughout their lives. They develop an educated identity through participating on committees, educating their children, and subscribing to a recognizable set of behaviors. Education is a “scaffold” that can be built up or knocked down, one that is related to, but broader than, experiences of going to school or being young. Moreover, “being educated” has ongoing political advantages: those who are seen as more educated tend to prevail in disputes and fare better with various authorities, and they are more likely to benefit from government and NGO schemes. Examples from different social situations highlight the need for an ethnographically open, relationally aware, and politically attuned approach to what people are doing when claiming an educated identity.
The election
Authors: Rethmann Petra
Published: March 2023

“The election” tells the story of the 2000 regional election in Chukotka, Russia's northeasternmost part. That year, Lyosha, a Chukchi activist, invited me to assist Indigenous movements with grant writing for Western‐based civil society organizations. When I arrived in Chukotka, the election was in full swing and turned out to be more bizarre as—as Lyosha put it—could be believed. The gifting of the oligarch, the lies told by the governor, the dreaming of Lyosha, and the interrogation of the anthropologist are all things that happened, and I wanted to tell their story. But I also wanted to describe what did not happen: the democracy that was not desired or embraced. The result, I hope, is a story that shows not only what it felt like to be part of this election but also what Russia was at that time, why it has possibly become what it has become, and how and why elections leave ghosts. The narrative form has been inspired by the Russian literary tradition of the skaz, an absurdist form of narrative where things rarely are what they pretend to be.
Outcomes of immediate facial nerve reanimation with nerve transfer for facial nerve neoplasm‐induced paralysis: a retrospective review
Authors: Shein Gregory , Lee Jennifer W. Y. , Coulson Susan , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert)
Published: March 2023

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of our polyneural, zone‐based reanimation approach for patients with neoplasm‐induced facial paralysis.

Methods

A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent facial reanimation surgery using multiple donor nerve transfers was undertaken. In each case, the selection of donor nerves was based on the availability of donor nerve and the viability of the motor endplate on the affected side. Sources of the neural inputs utilized included the remnant facial nerve stump, masseteric nerve, partial hypoglossal nerve, and branches of the contralateral facial nerve. Clinical outcomes were scored by expert raters. Ratings were undertaken using the modified House‐Brackmann, eFACE and MEEI FACEgram scoring systems.

Results

Between 2017 and 2020, 12 patients were included in the study (mean age 60 years; range 26–81 years). Eight patients (67%) achieved a grade III outcome on the modified House‐Brackmann grading scale. Mean eFACE static and dynamic scores were 76 and 57 respectively, reflecting a high degree of symmetry at rest and moderate restoration of dynamic movement. Mean time to movement was 5.4 months (SD 1.9). Objective FACE‐gram measurements confirmed restoration of midface movement with an average improvement in smile excursion and mouth angle excursion of 3.19 mm (SD 3.18) and 4.81° (SD 2.90) respectively.

Conclusion

Facial reanimation using multiple nerve transfers is effective in achieving improvements in facial function and symmetry.
Toxicity and therapy outcome associations in LIG3, SLCO1B3, ABCB1, OPRM1 and GSTP1 in high‐grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Deng Feng , Laasik Maren , Salminen Liina , Lapatto Lauri , Huhtinen Kaisa , Li Yilin , Hautaniemi Sampsa , Hynninen Johanna , Niemi Mikko , Lehtonen Rainer
Published: March 2023

Adverse effects are the major limiting factors in combinatorial chemotherapies. To identify genetic associations in ovarian cancer chemotherapy‐induced toxicities and therapy outcomes, we examined a cohort of 101 patients receiving carboplatin‐paclitaxel treatment with advanced high‐grade serous ovarian cancers. Based on literature and database searches, we selected 19 candidate polymorphisms, designed a multiplex single nucleotide polymorphism‐genotyping assay and applied Cox regression analysis, case–control association statistics and the log‐rank Mantel−Cox test. In the Cox regression analysis, the SLCO1B3 rs1052536 AA‐genotype was associated with a reduced risk of any severe toxicity (hazard ratio = 0.35, p = 0.023). In chi‐square allelic test, the LIG3 rs1052536 T‐allele was associated with an increased risk of neuropathy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.79, p = 0.031) and GSTP1 rs1695 G allele with a poorer response in the first‐line chemotherapy (OR = 2.65, p = 0.026). In Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, ABCB1 rs2032582 TT‐genotype was associated with shorter overall survival (uncorrected p = 0.025) and OPRM1 rs544093 GG and GT genotypes with shorter platinum‐free interval (uncorrected p = 0.027) and progression‐free survival (uncorrected p = 0.012). Results suggest that SLCO1B3 and LIG3 variants are associated with the risk of adverse effects in patients receiving carboplatin‐paclitaxel treatment, the GSTP1 variant may affect the treatment response and ABCB1 and OPRM1 variants may influence the prognosis.
A matter of time: The influence of underperformance duration on corporate misconduct
Authors: Zhao Amy Tong , Xiao Shufeng
Published: March 2023

Research Question/Issue

This study examines firms' reactions to the duration of underperformance. We posit that firms are more likely to engage in misconduct to solve the problem of underperformance as the length of time a firm has been underperforming prolongs. Further, we investigate how divergent external governance actors shape underperforming firms' motivation for misconduct and consequently affect their responses to underperformance duration.

Research Findings/Insights

Using bivariate probit estimations for panel data of 2662 Chinese publicly listed firms during 2007–2018, we uncover that underperformance duration is positively associated with the likelihood of a corporate misconduct commission. In addition, the positive relationship between the duration of firm underperformance and corporate misconduct is mitigated by the level of state ownership but reinforced by the number of analysts covering the firm.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

This study extends the behavioral theory of the firm by incorporating the construct of underperformance duration from a time perspective, which is a proactive signal of firms' illicit decisions. We show that the duration of underperformance is positively associated with the likelihood of corporate misconduct, which is moderated by the firms' external governance actors who have different time pressures to solve financial problems.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

This study offers insights for regulators interested in the prevention of ex‐ant misconduct. Identifying underperformance duration as a critical predictor of illegal activities helps to improve regulators' vigilance. Moreover, a holistic executive evaluation system that shows more tolerance for short‐term underperformance is needed.
High‐throughput mechano‐cytometry as a method to detect apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis
Authors: Van der Meeren Louis , Verduijn Joost , Krysko Dmitri V. , Skirtach André G.
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the importance of the investigation of regulated cell death (RCD) has significantly increased and different methods are proposed for the detection of RCD including biochemical as well as fluorescence assays. Researchers have shown that early stages of cell death could be detected by using AFM. Although AFM offers a high single‐cell resolution and sensitivity, the throughput (<100 cells/h) limits a broad range of biomedical applications of this technique. Here, a microfluidics‐based mechanobiology technique, named shear flow deformability cytometry (sDC), is used to investigate and distinguish dying cells from viable cells purely based on their mechanical properties. Three different RCD modalities (i.e., apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis) are induced in L929sAhFas cells and analysed using sDC. Using machine learning on the extracted parameters, it was possible to predict the dead or viable state with 92% validation accuracy. A significant decrease in elasticity can be noticed for each of these RCD modalities by analysing the deformation of the dying cells. Analysis of morphological characteristics such as cell size and membrane irregularities also indicated significant differences in the RCD induced cells versus control cells. These results highlight the importance of mechanical properties during RCD and the significance of label‐free techniques, such as sDC, which can be used to detect regulated cell death and can be further linked with sorting of live and dead cells.
Relative bioavailability and food effect study of an oral suspension of alectinib in healthy volunteers using venipuncture and capillary microsampling
Authors: Liu Stephanie N. , Agarwal Priya , Heinig Katja , Datye Asim , Sturm‐Pellanda Carolina , Crugnola Andrea , Arca Marc , Miles Dale
Published: March 2023

Alectinib, approved as 150 mg capsules for the treatment of adults with advanced ALK‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer, is being assessed in children with ALK‐positive solid and central nervous system tumors. An ad hoc pediatric‐friendly suspension of alectinib, prepared from capsule contents, is under investigation as an alternative formulation for children who cannot swallow capsules. This randomized, crossover, relative bioavailability, and food effect study evaluated alectinib administered as an oral suspension versus capsule formulation following conventional venipuncture and capillary microsampling. A total of 28 healthy adult subjects received a 600 mg single dose of alectinib in two groups: fasted (n = 14) and mixed fed (n = 14; seven receiving high‐fat meal and seven receiving low‐fat meal). Combined alectinib + M4 (active metabolite) exposure was higher for suspension versus capsule, with geometric mean ratio (GMR) of 2.6 for area under the concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC0‐∞) and 3.0 for maximum observed concentration (Cmax) under fasted conditions, and 1.7 for both parameters for mixed fed. The suspension showed increased alectinib + M4 AUC0‐∞ following a high‐fat meal versus fasted conditions (GMR 1.7 [90% confidence interval 1.4–2.2]). Alectinib AUC0‐∞ and Cmax measured in venous and capillary samples were generally similar for the suspension and capsule. Single oral doses of 600 mg alectinib suspension and capsule were well tolerated, with no safety concerns. Based on these findings, the oral suspension of alectinib appears suitable for use in pediatric studies after appropriate dose adjustment relative to the capsule.
Determinants and quality of audits and reviews of small charities financial statements
Authors: Yang Yitang (Jenny) , Simnett Roger
Published: March 2023

Using a random sample of 500 Australian small charities, we first identified the determinants for the 56 charities disclosing audit/review reports (53 audits and three reviews) from the 110 voluntarily lodging annual reports. Sequential logistic regression showed that lodging charities are larger, rely more on government grants and use accrual accounting, while factors explaining the disclosure of audit/review reports are charities' deductible gift recipient status, organizational age, and again the use of accrual accounting. Second, for the 53 audit engagements identified, we examined audit quality using five measures and identified significant concerns, including only 34% fully complying with the reporting requirements of Australian/International Auditing Standard 700. Third, tracing the 500 charities from 2014 to 2018, plus 100 more of the largest public‐interest small charities, little change was identified in provision of audits versus reviews. The implications of our findings for charities, audit firms, regulators and standard‐setters were considered.
Order effect of multi‐touchpoints on Generation Z consumers
Authors: Fu Xiaorong , Ren Xiangming
Published: March 2023

Abundant user‐generated content has increasingly driven consumers to form or modify their purchasing decisions based on interactions with other consumers, although the extant research overlooks the customer‐to‐customer (C2C) interaction touchpoints. Based on the customer journey characteristics of cross‐channel and multi‐frequency interactions, this study explores the impact of interaction valence and interaction channel sequence on Generation Z consumers' purchase attitudes from the perspective of attitude modification process. Using a scenario‐based experimental design in a restaurant setting, we sample 616 Generation Z students. Findings suggest that C2C interactions that have the same valence at each touchpoint strengthen Generation Z consumers' initial purchase attitude, whereas inconsistent valences modify purchase attitudes. Our results reveal that a negative‐to‐positive ordering is more conducive to the formation of a positive purchase attitude than a positive‐to‐negative ordering. Moreover, the cross‐channel sequence of a customer journey moderates the inconsistent valence order such that the positive‐to‐negative order improves purchase attitude more than the negative‐to‐positive order. This study explains theoretically the difference of ambivalent experiences on Generation Z consumer attitudes. We provide practical suggestions for multi‐channel restaurant enterprises to successfully employ customer journey touchpoint management.
Prescription psychostimulants as a harm reduction and treatment intervention for methamphetamine use disorder and the implications for nursing clinical practice: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Leidl Don , Takhar Pearl , Li Hua
Published: March 2023

The global rise in methamphetamine use and its negative effects warrants the need for research exploring harm reduction and treatment interventions for individuals with methamphetamine use disorder. Agonist medications have been utilized for years for the treatment of heroin and opioid addiction, but have yet to be incorporated into mainstream Canadian practice for methamphetamine dependence. This review aims to provide an overview of the current trends of prescription psychostimulant usage for individuals with methamphetamine use disorder from a Canadian perspective, identifies the barriers to accessing prescription psychostimulants for methamphetamine use disorder and highlights the nursing clinical practice implications in caring for individuals with the disorder. Discourse on the sustained abstinence and harm reduction debate is presented from the perspective of methamphetamine abuse is provided along with the neuropsychiatric complications of chronic methamphetamine use. The impacts of specific prescription psychostimulants on cognition are discussed as is the use of neuroimaging techniques to assess neuronal damage in methamphetamine users. Sign of toxicity, overdose and the contraindications for use of these prescription psychostimulants is also presented. The implications to nursing clinical practice in caring for this population is provided, touching on the clinical presentation of methamphetamine use, completing thorough assessment and screening and patient education. The findings of this review indicate the need for further research in this area exploring the benefits of prescription psychostimulants as a harm reduction and treatment intervention for the global problem of methamphetamine dependence.
Consistent apparent adult survival and nest‐site fidelity of whimbrelNumenius phaeopusnear Churchill, Manitoba, Canada over a 40 year period
Authors: Ausems Anne N. M. A. , Perz Johanna , Johnson Andrew , Senner Nathan , Skeel Margaret , Nol Erica
Published: March 2023

Reliable estimates of adult survival for many shorebird species are lacking. We used Cormack–Jolly–Seber (CJS) methods to provide an estimate of apparent, or local, survival (φ) of a population of whimbrels,Numenius phaeopus, breeding in the subarctic Churchill, Manitoba region. We used data collected in two time‐periods: 1973–1976 and 2010–2014. We also quantified nest‐site fidelity in 2010–2014 to provide context to our apparent survival estimates because mark‐recapture analyses cannot distinguish between mortality and permanent emigration. The most parsimonious CJS model did not include effects of sex or time on apparent adult survival in either period (φ = 0.76 ± 0.13 SE; φ = 0.75 ± 0.04 SE, 1973–1976 and 2010–2014, respectively). Additionally, observations of marked whimbrels between 2010 and 2019 (n = 124) showed that 61 of the 105 marked individuals (58.1%) were resighted. These estimates of return rates are, as expected, much lower than estimates of apparent survival. The median year‐to‐year distance between nests (n = 139) in 2010 to 2014 was 198 m ± 88 SE and did not differ significantly (p = 0.84) between females (x̄ = 721.9 m ± 119.8 SE) and males (x̄ = 720.3 m ± 83.1 SE). If our apparent survival estimate is indicative of true survivorship, then adult mortality during the non‐breeding season has remained constant over the last five decades, implying that the recent decline in whimbrel populations may stem largely from reduced fecundity, including egg or juvenile survival, rather than primarily from reduced adult survival.
Uncovering the hidden biodiversity of streams at the upper distribution limit of fish
Authors: Penaluna Brooke E. , Cronn Rich , Hauck Laura L. , Weitemier Kevin A. , Garcia Tiffany S.
Published: March 2023

Aim

Biodiversity changes can occur gradually or as distinct jumps as species distributions end and others begin. However, comprehensive assessments of freshwater biodiversity and how assemblages change along a continuum have been hindered by the connectivity and networked nature of streams and their large numbers of rare and cryptic species found there. We hypothesize that the boundary where fish distributions end marks an ecological shift in freshwater assemblages and could unify stream concepts.

Location

Trask River watershed, Oregon, USA, temperate North America.

Taxon

Fishes, amphibians, crayfishes, bivalves, mammals, pathogens.

Methods

We targeted freshwater species across taxa using multigene eDNA metabarcoding of 48 different DNA barcodes to identify assemblages to understand species patterns distributed along a longitudinal gradient in watersheds around the upper fish distribution boundary. Detections from multiple genetic sources improve the detection probability for rare species.

Results

We detected a shift in the assemblage from lower reaches towards headwaters where fish distributions end, leading to fewer species across taxa at reduced eDNA signal. We uncovered a hidden biodiversity in watersheds by detecting a sparsely distributed amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the elusive mammal Mountain Beaver, fish species that went undetected using traditional approaches, and newly discovered cryptic lineages of sculpins. Salmonids were detected further upstream with eDNA than expected.

Main conclusions

Our findings unify stream concepts owing to the marked species shift at the upper extent of fish elevating the importance of this boundary. The detection of salmonids further upstream suggests a distribution extension. The sculpin detections reveal a cryptic species complex with ramifications for fish conservation, potential pockets of endemism and possible identification of new species. We show extensive diversity in watersheds, some of which was previously hidden, transforming our understanding of species presence and distributions affecting our ability to track, protect and manage them across watersheds.
The basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor gene, OsbHLH38, plays a key role in controlling rice salt tolerance
Authors: Du Fengping , Wang Yinxiao , Wang Juan , Li Yingbo , Zhang Yue , Zhao Xiuqin , Xu Jianlong , Li Zhikang , Zhao Tianyong , Wang Wensheng , Fu Binying
Published: March 2023

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is crucial for plant seed germination and abiotic stress tolerance. However, the association between ABA sensitivity and plant abiotic stress tolerance remains largely unknown. In this study, 436 rice accessions were assessed for their sensitivity to ABA during seed germination. The considerable diversity in ABA sensitivity among rice germplasm accessions was primarily reflected by the differentiation between the Xian (indica) and Geng (japonica) subspecies and between the upland‐Geng and lowland‐Geng ecotypes. The upland‐Geng accessions were most sensitive to ABA. Genome‐wide association analyses identified four major quantitative trait loci containing 21 candidate genes associated with ABA sensitivity of which a basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor gene, OsbHLH38, was the most important for ABA sensitivity. Comprehensive functional analyses using knockout and overexpression transgenic lines revealed that OsbHLH38 expression was responsive to multiple abiotic stresses. Overexpression of OsbHLH38 increased seedling salt tolerance, while knockout of OsbHLH38 increased sensitivity to salt stress. A salt‐responsive transcription factor, OsDREB2A, interacted with OsbHLH38 and was directly regulated by OsbHLH38. Moreover, OsbHLH38 affected rice abiotic stress tolerance by mediating the expression of a large set of transporter genes of phytohormones, transcription factor genes, and many downstream genes with diverse functions, including photosynthesis, redox homeostasis, and abiotic stress responsiveness. These results demonstrated that OsbHLH38 is a key regulator in plant abiotic stress tolerance.
Evaluation of effectiveness of tranexamic acid as mesotherapy in improvement of periorbital wrinkling in a trial study
Authors: Bazargan Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh , Shemshadi Mahsa , Ziaeifar Elham , Taheri Amirmasoud , Roohaninasab Masoumeh , Goodarzi Azadeh , Mirhashemi Mahta
Published: March 2023

Background

Tranexamic acid is used to treat pigmented disorder in dermatology for a long time however there are limited data for effectiveness of tranexamic acid for rejuvenation and improvement of wrinkle. Here we want to find the effectiveness of tranexamic acid as mesotherapy in improvement of periorbital wrinkle in a clinical trial study.

Methods

Patients with melasma who were treated with 4 session of tranexamic acid mesotherapy at intervals on 1 week were evaluated with Visioface device before starting and 1 month after last course of treatment. The outcomes including volume, area, area percent, and depth were measured by Visioface device.

Results

Mean of periorbital wrinkles volume before and after procedure were 89 271 and 74 639 pixel3 (px3), respectively. Very significant difference with p‐value of <0.001 was detected at volume of patient wrinkles before and after treatment. Moreover, the mean of area (and area percent) of their periorbital wrinkles before and after therapeutic method were 8481 Px3 (1.131%) and 7184 Px3 (0.646%), respectively, with significant differences (both have p‐value of <0.001).Mean of periorbital wrinkles depth at before and after treatment were 9.8 and 9.6, respectively, without remarkable difference (p‐value was 0.257).

Conclusion

Tranexamic acid mesotherapy significantly leads to reduced volume and area of wrinkles. Injection of tranexamic acid as mesotherapy seems to be effective in improvement of periorbital wrinkling.
The impact of refinement on the sensory properties of lanolin
Authors: Danielle Dale , McCabe Morgan , Bourdillon Katie
Published: March 2023

Topical lanolin is used to protect the nipples of breastfeeding women. Lanolin differs in color, flavor, and smell, depending on level of refinement. Five lanolin and three non‐lanolin nipple care products, along with two lanolin raw materials, underwent quantitative descriptive analysis by a trained, sensory panel (n = 8). Samples were assessed on appearance, aroma, flavor, mouthfeel, rub‐in and after‐feel characteristics. A two factor ANOVA and Tukey Kramer Honest Significant Difference (HSD) multiple comparison tests were used to identify differences between samples (5%, p = .05). None of the samples had an aroma. A highly purified anhydrous lanolin was rated the palest (score: 2) on an in‐house color chart (scale: 1–66). No difference was noted for flavor and mouthfeel characteristics, moisturization or smoothness of skin. Differences were noted for neat (sample before application) and rub‐in attributes, slipperiness, and skin residue. The sensory profile of lanolin differs depending on refinement processes and differs to non‐lanolin alternatives.

Practical applications

Nipple creams should be pleasant to use, neutral in smell and flavor and non‐slippery in texture to prevent interference with breastfeeding. The sensory data presented here indicates that all the lanolin products included in this study met these criteria, however, the ultra‐refined, highly purified lanolin was lightest in color, significantly less sticky, the least greasy and the most spreadable compared to other topical lanolin nipple care products evaluated. This data also suggests that the sensory attributes of non‐lanolin nipple creams differ to lanolin which may influence indications for product use.
Genome characterization of three potyviruses affecting maize in Argentina
Authors: Trucco Verónica , Cabrera Mederos Dariel , Castellanos Collazo Onias , Vaghi Medina Carlos Gastón , Lenardon Sergio , Giolitti Fabian
Published: March 2023

Argentina is globally recognized as both producer and exporter of maize, the most important cereal crop in the country. Several potyviruses affect the production of various crops, including maize. In this work, the complete nucleotide sequences of the RNA genome of three potyviruses, johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV), maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), isolated from maize were obtained by next‐generation sequencing (Illumina technology). The JGMV, MDMV and SCMV viral genomes were 9780, 9807 and 9729 nucleotides long, respectively. The polyprotein organization of each of potyvirus genome was determined; their sequences showed high values compared with polyprotein sequences of the other isolates reported worldwide (> 76.1% at the nucleotide sequence and > 85% at the amino acid sequence). The results of this work are the first data in Argentina of complete genome sequences of potyviruses obtained from maize and the first obtained for JGMV and MDMV.
Sustainable innovation: Additive manufacturing and the emergence of a cyclical take‐make‐transmigrate process at a pioneering industry–university collaboration
Authors: Rose James R. , Bharadwaj Neeraj
Published: March 2023

Innovation experts posit that digital technologies—such as additive manufacturing (AM)—can address societal challenges and change the nature of work and collaboration. In recognition, this special issue encourages researchers to investigate how AM can be leveraged to reduce environmental externalities and devote greater attention to the production of 3D printed items. This article integrates academic research on new product development and the cradle‐to‐cradle philosophy with insights gleaned from long‐term case observations across a series of large‐scale AM projects to advance that 3D printing can unleash three pivotal adaptations to the traditional conception‐development‐launch ecosystem. Specifically, our direct participation in designing and building multiple 3D printed products reveals that: (1) spent products can possess valuable ingredient materials that can be repurposed, (2) the reduced structural strength of the reclaimed material can be a positive force insofar as spawning innovation in a new product category, and (3) manufacturing should appear as an independent stage in new product development. On this last point, our completed projects align with recent observations that newer AM technologies can make prototyping and manufacturing products easier, faster, and less expensive. Accordingly, we advance a cyclical sustainable innovation process, which consists of ideation, development, AM output (i.e., manufacturing), and material reclamation. This research is both theoretically meaningful and pragmatically useful. It addresses knowledge gaps regarding AM in the academic literature and spawns new research questions for innovation scholars. For managers, it provides a path to supplant the wasteful take‐make‐dispose production model with the more efficient and effective take‐make‐transmigrate approach that we deem an innovation loop. Specifically, our final built project—a 3D designed and printed chair that uses polymers from the spent chassis of a 3D printed car—serves as a proof of concept that AM can be a catalyst to a paradigmatic shift in how products are made.
Rural US residents recognize anxiety better than urbanites and suburbanites but hold similar stigma
Authors: Loveridge Scott , Skidmore Mark , Shupp Robert , Miller Paula K. , Cuthbertson Courtney , Goetz Stephan
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Recognizing signs of psychological distress is a critical first step in assisting people who are struggling with poor mental health to access help. However, community‐level factors that impact recognition and stigma are underexplored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between rurality, other community‐level variables, and individual variables with regard to the recognition and stigma of anxiety.

Methods

We use a survey of US adults (N = 627), including a rural oversample, and a cloaked vignette approach. We assess the ability to identify anxiety and measure associated stigma. The analysis applies an ecological model in multinomial logistic regressions.

Findings

About half of the respondents recognize anxiety from a list of possibilities when provided with a vignette detailing common anxiety symptoms. Respondents living in rural areas are nearly twice as likely to correctly identify anxiety than nonrural respondents. About one‐fifth of respondents agree with a statement designed to measure stigma: that exhibiting the symptoms is a sign of personal weakness. Respondents able to identify anxiety show less stigma. Respondents from counties with high mental health provider access were less likely to endorse the stigma statement.

Conclusions

Rural areas seem poised to reduce the stigma associated with anxiety, because residents are more adept at identifying anxiety than people living elsewhere. Future work could focus on effective mechanisms for reducing stigma associated with anxiety in rural areas, and whether anxiety recognition and stigma are changing.
Antibiotics “dumped”: Negotiating Pharmaceutical Identities, Properties, and Interests in China–India Trade Disputes
Authors: Zhang Mingyuan , Bjerke Lise
Published: March 2023

China and India have become major producers of antibiotics, and the world has become highly dependent on them. Since 2000, the competition among Chinese and Indian manufacturers on key antibiotic ingredients has become increasingly intense in a series of trade disputes involving anti‐dumping investigations. Analyzing these trade disputes, we find that they provide a space of communication and contestation where seemingly objective facts about pharmaceutical ingredients are transformed into debatable subjects, which are used and sometimes manipulated by stakeholders of conflicting interests. The disputes reveal entangled configurations and multilayered stakes in the China–India pharmaceutical nexus that often defy polarized national interests. Stakeholders must juggle multiple factors, including public health interests, nationalist sentiments, and corporate profit, in negotiating the national identities and the physical and chemical properties of “standard” pharmaceutical ingredients. The disputes also highlight the coexistence of collaboration and competition among Chinese and Indian stakeholders in global pharmaceutical supply chains. [antibiotics, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), pharmaceutical nexus, dumping, trade disputes, China–India]
The Belly's Word: Domestic Violence in a Bengali Clinic
Authors: Maitra Amrapali
Published: March 2023

Unspeakability is a dominant analytic lens in scholarship on gendered violence in India, but women can and do speak out. This article examines how Bengali women complain about domestic violence throughpeter katha, the belly's word. The capaciouspet(belly) is the seat of tension, where abuse dwells in the body. At a clinic in Kolkata, India, women describe sensations of abdominal pain, pressure, and hunger to convey patterns and temporalities of violence. Yet complaints of belly pain go unacknowledged by local clinicians. Hygiene discourses frame poor women's bodies, not structural violence, as the problem.Peter kathais more than an idiom of distress: it is a genre of embodied complaint that illuminates violence as the accrual of harm and, in its dynamic and layered quality, moves beyond a binary of disclosure or concealment. Anthropologists may usepeter kathato extend the conceptual vocabulary of gender and silence. [domestic violence, kinship, complaint, hygiene, belly, India]
Trait‐based assembly of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities determines soil carbon formation and retention
Authors: Horsch Caitlyn C. A. , Antunes Pedro M. , Fahey Catherine , Grandy A. Stuart , Kallenbach Cynthia M.
Published: March 2023

Fungi are crucial for soil organic carbon (SOC) formation, especially for the more persistent mineral‐associated organic C (MAOC) pool. Yet, evidence for this often overlooks arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities and how their composition and traits impact SOC accumulation.

We grew sudangrass with AMF communities representing different traits conserved at the family level: competitors, from the Gigasporaceae family; ruderals, from the Glomeraceae family; or both families combined. We labeled sudangrass with 13C‐CO2 to assess AMF contributions to SOC, impacts on SOC priming, and fungal biomass persistence in MAOC.

Single‐family AMF communities decreased total SOC by 13.8%, likely due to fungal priming. Despite net SOC losses, all AMF communities contributed fungal C to soil but only the Glomeraceae community initially contributed to MAOC. After a month of decomposition, both the Glomeraceae and mixed‐family communities contributed to MAOC formation. Plant phosphorus uptake, but not hyphal chemistry, was positively related to AMF soil C and MAOC accumulation.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contribution to MAOC is dependent on the specific traits of the AMF community and related to phosphorus uptake. These findings provide insight into how variations in AMF community composition and traits, and thus processes like environmental filtering of AMF, may impact SOC accumulation.
Accelerating action to reduce anemia: Review of causes and risk factors and related data needs
Authors: Hess Sonja Y. , Owais Aatekah , Jefferds Maria Elena D. , Young Melissa F. , Cahill Andrew , Rogers Lisa M.
Published: March 2023

Anemia is a major public health concern. Young children, menstruating adolescent girls and women, and pregnant women are among the most vulnerable. Anemia is the consequence of a wide range of causes, including biological, socioeconomic, and ecological risk factors. Primary causes include: iron deficiency; inherited red blood cell disorders; infections, such as soil‐transmitted helminthiasis, schistosomiasis, and malaria; gynecological and obstetric conditions; and other chronic diseases that lead to blood loss, decreased erythropoiesis, or destruction of erythrocytes. The most vulnerable population groups in low‐ and middle‐income countries are often at the greatest risk to suffer from several of these causes simultaneously as low socioeconomic status is linked with an increased risk of anemia through multiple pathways. Targeted and effective action is needed to prevent anemia. Understanding the causes and risk factors of anemia for different population subgroups within a country guides the design and implementation of effective strategies to prevent and treat anemia. A coordinated approach across various expert groups and programs could make the best use of existing data or could help to determine when newer and more relevant data may need to be collected, especially in countries with a high anemia burden and limited information on the etiology of anemia.