bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intercomparison in spatial distributions and temporal trends derived from multi-source satellite aerosol products
Authors: Wei Jing , Peng Yiran , Mahmood Rashed , Sun Lin , Guo Jianping
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Satellite-derived aerosol products provide long-term and large-scale
observations for analysing aerosol distributions and variations,
climate-scale aerosol simulations, and aerosol–climate interactions.
Therefore, a better understanding of the consistencies and differences among
multiple aerosol products is important. The objective of this study is to
compare 11 global monthly aerosol optical depth (AOD) products,
which are the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI)
Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR), Advanced Very High
Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer
(MISR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Sea-viewing
Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer
(VIIRS), and POLarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectance
(POLDER) products. AErosol RObotic NEtwork (AERONET) Version 3 Level 2.0
monthly measurements at 308 sites around the world are selected for
comparison. Our results illustrate that the spatial distributions and
temporal variations of most aerosol products are highly consistent globally
but exhibit certain differences on regional and site scales. In general, the
AATSR Dual View (ADV) and SeaWiFS products show the lowest spatial coverage
with numerous missing values, while the MODIS products can cover most areas
(average of 87 %) of the world. The best performance is observed in
September–October–November (SON) and the worst is in June–July–August (JJA).
All the products perform unsatisfactorily over northern Africa and Middle
East, southern and eastern Asia, and their coastal areas due to the influence from
surface brightness and human activities. In general, the MODIS products show
the best agreement with the AERONET-based AOD values on different spatial
scales among all the products. Furthermore, all aerosol products can capture
the correct aerosol trends at most cases, especially in areas where aerosols
change significantly. The MODIS products perform best in capturing the
global temporal variations in aerosols. These results provide a reference
for users to select appropriate aerosol products for their particular
studies.
The cost function of the data fusion process and its application
Authors: Ceccherini Simone , Zoppetti Nicola , Carli Bruno , Cortesi Ugo , Del Bianco Samuele , Tirelli Cecilia
Published: May 2019

Abstract. When the complete data fusion method is used to fuse
inconsistent measurements, it is necessary to add to the measurement
covariance matrix of each fusing profile a covariance matrix that takes into
account the inconsistencies. A realistic estimate of these inconsistency
covariance matrices is required for effectual fused products. We evaluate
the possibility of assisting the estimate of the inconsistency covariance
matrices using the value of the cost function minimized in the complete data
fusion. The analytical expressions of expected value and variance of the
cost function are derived. Modelling the inconsistency covariance matrix
with one parameter, we determine the value of the parameter that makes the
reduced cost function equal to its expected value and use the variance to
assign an error to this determination. The quality of the inconsistency
covariance matrix determined in this way is tested for simulated
measurements of ozone profiles obtained in the thermal infrared in the
framework of the Sentinel-4 mission of the Copernicus programme. As
expected, the method requires sufficient statistics and poor results are
obtained when a small number of profiles are being fused together, but very
good results are obtained when the fusion involves a large number of
profiles.
Changes in PM2.5 Peat Combustion Source Profiles with Atmospheric Aging in an Oxidation Flow Reactor
Authors: Chow Judith C. , Cao Junji , Chen L.-W Antony , Wang Xiaoliang , Wang Qiyuan , Tian Jie , Ho Steven Sai Hang , Carlson Tessa B. , Kohl Steven D. , Watson John G.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Smoke from laboratory chamber burning of peat fuels from Russia, Siberia, U.S.A. (Alaska and Florida), and Malaysia representing boreal, temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions was sampled before and after passing through a potential aerosol mass-oxidation flow reactor (PAM-OFR) to simulate ∼2- and 7-day atmospheric aging. Species abundances in PM2.5 between aged and fresh profiles varied by >5 orders of magnitude with two distinguishable clusters: around 0.1 % for reactive and ionic species and mostly >10 % for carbon. Organic carbon (OC) accounted for 58–85 % of PM2.5 mass in fresh profiles with low EC abundance (0.67–4.4 %). After a 7-day aging time, degradation was 20–33 % for OC, with apparent reductions (4–12 %) in low temperature OC1 and OC2 (thermally evolved at 140 and 280 °C), implying evaporation of higher vapor pressure semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Additional losses of OC from 2- to 7-days aging is somewhat offset by the formation of oxygenated organic compounds, as evidenced by the 12–19 % increase in organic mass (OM) to OC ratios. However, the reduction of OM abundances in PM2.5 by 3–18 % after 7 days, reconfirms that volatilization is the main loss mechanism of SVOCs. Although the ammonia (NH3) to PM2.5 ratio rapidly diminished with a 2-day aging time, it represents an intermediate profile – not sufficient for completed OC evaporation, levoglucosan degradation, organic acid oxidation, or secondary inorganic aerosol formation. Week-long aging resulted in an increase to ∼7–8 % of NH4+ and NO3− abundances, but with enhanced degradation of NH3, low temperature OC, and levoglucosan for Siberia, Alaska, and Everglasdes (FL) peats. Elevated levoglucosan was found for Russian peats, accounting for 35–39 % and 20–25 % of PM2.5 mass for fresh and aged profiles, respectively. Abundances of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in PM2.5 was >2-fold higher in fresh Russian (37.0 ± 2.7 %) than Malaysian (14.6 ± 0.9 %) peats. While Russian peat OC emissions are largely water-soluble, Malaysian peat emissions are mostly water-insoluble, with WSOC/OC ratios of 0.59–0.71 and 0.18–0.40, respectively. Source profiles can change with aging during transport from source to receptor. This study shows significant differences between fresh and aged peat combustion profiles among the four biomes that can be used to establish speciated emission inventories for atmospheric modeling and receptor model source apportionment. A sufficient aging time (∼one week) is needed to allow gas-to-particle partitioning of semi-volatilized species, gas-phase oxidation, and particle volatilization to achieve representative source profiles for regional-scale source apportionment.
Fracture-controlled fluid transport supports microbial methane-oxidizing communities at Vestnesa Ridge
Authors: Yao Haoyi , Hong Wei-Li , Panieri Giuliana , Sauer Simone , Torres Marta E. , Lehmann Moritz F. , Gründger Friederike , Niemann Helge
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We report a rare observation of a mini-fracture in near-surface
sediments (30 cm below the seafloor) visualized using a rotational scanning
X-ray of a core recovered from the Lomvi pockmark, Vestnesa Ridge, west of
Svalbard (1200 m water depth). Porewater geochemistry and lipid biomarker
signatures revealed clear differences in the geochemical and biogeochemical
regimes of this core compared with two additional unfractured cores
recovered from pockmark sites at Vestnesa Ridge, which we attribute to
differential methane transport mechanisms. In the sediment core featuring
the shallow mini-fracture at pockmark Lomvi, we observed high concentrations
of both methane and sulfate throughout the core in tandem with moderately
elevated values for total alkalinity, 13C-depleted dissolved inorganic
carbon (DIC), and 13C-depleted lipid biomarkers (diagnostic for the
slow-growing microbial communities mediating the anaerobic oxidation of
methane with sulfate – AOM). In a separate unfractured core, recovered from
the same pockmark about 80 m away from the fractured core, we observed
complete sulfate depletion in the top centimeters of the sediment and much
more pronounced signatures of AOM than in the fractured core. Our data
indicate a gas advection-dominated transport mode in both cores, facilitating
methane migration into sulfate-rich surface sediments. However, the moderate
expression of AOM signals suggest a rather recent onset of gas migration at
the site of the fractured core, while the geochemical evidence for a
well-established AOM community at the second coring site suggest that gas
migration has been going on for a longer period of time. A third core
recovered from another pockmark along the Vestnesa Ridge Lunde pockmark
was dominated by diffusive transport with only weak geochemical and
biogeochemical evidence for AOM. Our study highlights that advective fluid
and gas transport supported by mini-fractures can be important in modulating
methane dynamics in surface sediments.
Telling the boiling frog what he needs to know: why climate change risks should be plotted as probability over time
Authors: Sharpe Simon
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Humanity's situation with respect to climate change is
sometimes compared to that of a frog in a slowly boiling pot of water,
meaning that change will happen too gradually for us to appreciate the
likelihood of catastrophe and act before it is too late. I argue that the
scientific community is not yet telling the boiling frog what he needs to
know. I use a review of the figures included in two reports of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to show that much of the climate
science communicated to policymakers is presented in the form of projections
of what is most likely to occur, as a function of time (equivalent to the following statement: in 5 min time, the water you are sitting in will be 2 ∘C warmer). I
argue from first principles that a more appropriate means of assessing and
communicating the risks of climate change would be to produce assessments of
the likelihood of crossing non-arbitrary thresholds of impact, as a function
of time (equivalent to the following statement: the probability of you being boiled to death will
be 1 % in 5 min time, rising to 100 % in 20 min time if
you do not jump out of the pot). This would be consistent with approaches to
risk assessment in fields such as insurance, engineering, and health and
safety. Importantly, it would ensure that decision makers are informed of the
biggest risks and hence of the strongest reasons to act. I suggest ways in
which the science community could contribute to promoting this approach,
taking into account its inherent need for cross-disciplinary research and
for engagement with decision makers before the research is conducted
instead of afterwards.
Convective response to large-scale forcing in the tropical western Pacific simulated by spCAM5 and CanAM4.3
Authors: Mitovski Toni , Cole Jason N. S. , McFarlane Norman A. , von Salzen Knut , Zhang Guang J.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Changes in the large-scale environment during convective precipitation events in the
tropical western Pacific simulated by version 4.3 of the Canadian Atmospheric
Model (CanAM4.3) are compared against those simulated by version 5.0 of the
super-parameterized Community Atmosphere Model (spCAM5). This is done by
compositing sub-hourly output of convective rainfall, convective available
potential energy (CAPE), CAPE generation due to large-scale forcing in the
free troposphere (dCAPELSFT) and near-surface vertical velocity
(ω) over the time period May–July 1997. Compared to spCAM5, CanAM4.3
tends to produce more frequent light convective precipitation (<0.2 mm h−1) and underestimates the frequency of extreme convective
precipitation (>2 mm h−1). In spCAM5, 5 % of convective
precipitation events lasted less than 1.5 h and 75 % lasted between 1.5
and 3.0 h, while in CanAM4.3 80 % of the events lasted less than 1.5 h.
Convective precipitation in spCAM5 is found to be a function of
dCAPELSFT and the large-scale near-surface ω with
variations in ω slightly leading variations in convective
precipitation. Convective precipitation in CanAM4.3 does not have the same
dependency and instead is found to be a function of CAPE.
DAMAGE DETECTION ON BUILDING FAÇADES USING MULTI-TEMPORAL AERIAL OBLIQUE IMAGERY
Authors: Duarte D. , Nex F. , Kerle N. , Vosselman G.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Over the past decades, a special interest has been given to remote-sensing imagery to automate the detection of damaged buildings. Given the large areas it may cover and the possibility of automation of the damage detection process, when comparing with lengthy and costly ground observations. Currently, most image-based damage detection approaches rely on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). These are used to determine if a given image patch shows damage or not in a binary classification approach. However, such approaches are often trained using image samples containing only debris and rubble piles. Since such approaches often aim at detecting partial or totally collapsed buildings from remote-sensing imagery. Hence, such approaches might not be applicable when the aim is to detect façade damages. This is due to the fact that façade damages also include spalling, cracks and other small signs of damage. Only a few studies focus their damage analysis on the façade and a multi-temporal approach is still missing. In this paper, a multi-temporal approach specifically designed for the image classification of façade damages is presented. To this end, three multi-temporal approaches are compared with two mono-temporal approaches. Regarding the multi-temporal approaches the objective is to understand the optimal fusion between the two imagery epochs within a CNN. The results show that the multi-temporal approaches outperform the mono-temporal ones by up to 22% in accuracy.
Numerical issues of the Total Exchange Flow (TEF) analysis framework for quantifying estuarine circulation
Authors: Lorenz Marvin , Klingbeil Knut , MacCready Parker , Burchard Hans
Published: May 2019

Abstract. For more than a century, estuarine exchange flow has been quantified by means
of the Knudsen relations which connect bulk quantities such as inflow and
outflow volume fluxes and salinities. These relations are closely linked to
estuarine mixing. The recently developed Total Exchange Flow (TEF) analysis framework, which uses
salinity coordinates to calculate these bulk quantities, allows an exact
formulation of the Knudsen relations in realistic cases. There are however
numerical issues, since the original method does not converge to the TEF bulk
values for an increasing number of salinity classes. In the present study,
this problem is investigated and the method of dividing salinities,
described by MacCready et al. (2018), is mathematically introduced. A
challenging yet compact analytical scenario for a well-mixed estuarine
exchange flow is investigated for both methods, showing the proper
convergence of the dividing salinity method. Furthermore, the dividing
salinity method is applied to model results of the Baltic Sea to demonstrate
the analysis of realistic exchange flows and exchange flows with more than
two layers.
Validation metrics for ice edge position forecasts
Authors: Melsom Arne , Palerme Cyril , Müller Malte
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The ice edge is a simple quantity in the form of a line that can be derived from a spatially
varying sea ice concentration field. Due to its long history and relevance for operations in
the Arctic, the position of the ice edge should be an essential element in any system that
is designed to monitor or provide forecasts for the physical state of the Arctic Ocean and
adjacent ocean regions. Users of monitoring and forecast products for sea ice must be provided with complementary
information on the expected accuracy of the data or
model results. Such information is traditionally available as a set of metrics that provide
an assessment of the information quality. In this study we provide a survey of metrics that
are presently included in the product quality assessment of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS)
Arctic Marine
Forecasting Center sea ice edge position forecast. We show that when ice edge results from
different products are compared, mismatching results for polynya and local freezing at the
coasts of continents and archipelagos have a large impact on the quality assessment. Such
situations, which occur regularly in the products we examine, have not been properly
acknowledged when sets of metrics for the quality of ice edge position results are constructed. We examine the quality of ice edge forecasts using a total of 15 metrics for the ice edge
position. These metrics are analysed in synthetic examples, as well as in selected cases of
actual forecasts, and finally for a full year of weekly forecast bulletins. Using necessity
and simplicity of information as a guideline, we recommend using a set of four metrics that
sheds light on the various aspects of product quality that we consider. Moreover, any user is expected to be interested in a limited part of the geographical
domain, so metrics derived as domain-wide integrated quantities may be of limited value.
Consequently, we recommend that metrics also be made available for an appropriate set of
sub-domains. Furthermore, we find that the metrics decorrelation timescales are
much longer than the present forecast range. Hence, our final recommendation is to include
depictions of gridded mismatching ice edge positions using maps for the integrated ice
edge error.
On the link between Earth tides and volcanic degassing
Authors: Dinger Florian , Bredemeyer Stefan , Arellano Santiago , Bobrowski Nicole , Platt Ulrich , Wagner Thomas
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Long-term measurements of volcanic gas emissions conducted during the last decade suggest that under certain conditions the magnitude or chemical
composition of volcanic emissions exhibits periodic variations with a period
of about 2 weeks. A possible cause of such a periodicity can be attributed
to the Earth tidal potential. The phenomenology of such a link has been
debated for long, but no quantitative model has yet been proposed. The aim of
this paper is to elucidate whether a causal link between tidal forcing and variations in volcanic degassing can be traced analytically. We model the
response of a simplified magmatic system to the local tidal gravity
variations and derive a periodical vertical magma displacement in the conduit
with an amplitude of 0.1–1 m, depending on the geometry and physical state of
the magmatic system. We find that while the tide-induced vertical magma
displacement presumably has no significant direct effect on the volatile
solubility, the differential magma flow across the radial conduit profile may
result in a significant increase in the bubble coalescence rate at a depth of
several kilometres by up to several multiples of 10 %. Because bubble coalescence
facilitates separation of gas from magma and thus enhances volatile
degassing, we argue that the derived tidal variation may propagate to a
manifestation of varying volcanic degassing behaviour. The presented model
provides a first basic framework which establishes an analytical
understanding of the link between the Earth tides and volcanic degassing.
Definición subléxica del verbo psicológico 爱 ‘ài’ “amar” en chino: estudio de sus combinaciones
Authors: He 何嫣 Yan
Published: May 2019

El presente trabajo constituye un análisis desde una perspectiva subléxica de la polisemia de expresiones que contienen el verbo 爱(ài) ‘amar’ en chino, como爱儿子(ài érzǐ) ‘amar al hijo’, 爱眼睛(ài yǎnjīng) ‘cuidar los ojos’, 爱土豆(ài tǔdòu) ‘gustar comer patatas’, 爱员 工(ài yuángōng) ‘apreciar a los empleados’, 爱豪车(ài háochē) ‘desear tener coche lujoso’ o 爱国 守法(ài guó shǒu fǎ) ‘respetar el país y las leyes’. La hipótesis que subyace a este trabajo se inscribe en el modelo de la Teoría del Lexicón Generativo (Pustejovsky, 1995) y defiende que el verbo psicológico del chino 爱(ài) ‘amar’ cuenta con un significado mínimo o definición infraespecificada (‘sentir una emoción agradable e intensa’) que se extiende o materializa en distintos significados en función de la concordancia léxica entre el contenido del verbo y las informaciones contenidas en forma de rasgos semánticos en sus complementos. Los procesos de concordancia léxica que legitiman las distintas acepciones del verbo son lo que se conoce como mecanismos generativos, en términos de la TLG, cuya operación vamos a analizar.
La concordancia de número en el castellano hablado por bilingües mapuzugun-castellano: “Y después ya cambió eso cuando aprendió a hablar wingka los mapuche”.
Authors: Olate Vinet Aldo , Pineda Carrasco Ricardo , Hasler Sandoval Felipe , Soto Vergara Guillermo
Published: May 2019

Este trabajo estudia la discordancia de número en el nivel de la frase nominal y en el de la oración en el castellano hablado por hablantes bilingües de mapuzugun, usando el marco de la teoría del contacto lingüístico. La frecuencia de la discordancia de número en oraciones y frases nominales se determina a partir del análisis de un corpus de tres mil oraciones producidas por hablantes bilingües de los territorios de Lonquimay, Tranantue y Maquehue (Región de La Araucanía, Chile). El estudio muestra que aunque el fenómeno tiene cierta regularidad, no es predominante en el corpus. Proponemos que la discordancia de número en los casos específicos registrados podría explicarse como una copia de código del mapuzugun al castellano por parte de los hablantes bilingües, no obstante, son necesarios estudios comparativos para corroborar esta hipótesis.
La reorganización de las preposiciones locativas 'a', 'en' y 'por' en el español en contacto con guaraní
Authors: Palacios Azucena
Published: May 2019

En esta investigación se explica la emergencia de nuevos significados en las preposiciones locativas a, en y por en variedades de español en contacto con guaraní a partir del concepto de “cambio indirecto inducido por contacto” (Palacios, 2007) y se da cuenta de cómo los cambios que implican a las tres preposiciones desencadenan la reorganización de ese subsistema locativo. A partir de una visión de conjunto se llega a una explicación satisfactoria en la que el contacto con el guaraní es esencial, ya que funciona como disparador de los cambios. En este sentido, los hablantes han reorganizado sus representaciones espaciales mediante el mecanismo de la convergencia lingüística (guaraní y español), dando lugar a una especialización semántica que focaliza la traslación o el movimiento (a), la meta con interiorización de límites cerrados (en) y el perfilamiento de concreción en un punto, de apoyo físico o metafórico de una figura sobre otra entidad que figura como fondo (por).
Discursos de odio: una epidemia que se propaga en la red. Estado de la cuestión sobre el racismo y la xenofobia en las redes sociales
Authors: Bustos Martínez Laura , De Santiago Ortega, Pedro Pablo , Martínez Miró Miguel Ángel , Rengifo Hidalgo Miriam Sofía
Published: May 2019

Este artículo actúa como compendio de las principales investigaciones que abordan la difusión de comentarios racistas y xenófobos a través de Internet y de las redes sociales. El objetivo es realizar una aproximación al concepto de discurso del odio y determinar cuáles son las principales líneas de estudio que se siguen en este sentido, tanto en el campo académico como en el político-social, indagando en las características que hacen de las plataformas virtuales un campo para la difusión de mensajes racistas y xenófobos.
La brecha salarial por género en Argentina: análisis acerca de la segmentación laboral
Authors: Paz Jorge
Published: May 2019

Este trabajo estudia la brecha salarial por género en la Argentina, enfatizando en la disparidad salarial entre cónyuges (casados legalmente y unidos por consenso) y personas sin pareja. El matrimonio tiende a emparejar personas similares, operando, en este sentido, como un igualador natural de situaciones que están relacionadas con el ingreso que perciben las personas. Luego de examinar el nivel de la diferencia de remuneraciones, se analiza su estructura para determinar no sólo el peso de cada determinante en la explicación de las diferencias, sino también la parte de la misma que está explicada por diferencias en características (educación, tipo de empleo, etc.) y qué parte por pagos diferentes a categorías similares (discriminación). El trabajo observa también lo que ocurre a lo largo de toda la distribución de los salarios, e indaga la posible existencia de los efectos “piso pegajoso” y “techo de cristal”.
O trabalho doméstico e as babás: lutas históricas e ameaças atuais
Authors: Sanches Vieira Nanah , Campos de Almeida Tânia Mara
Published: May 2019

O trabalho doméstico, em particular o de babá, é pouco estudado e reconhecido no país. Hoje, o neoliberalismo e o retrocesso nas garantias sociais e jurídicas geram forte tensão ao contingente mais presente nessa categoria: mulheres, negras e pobres. No artigo, são apresentados resultados de pesquisa realizada em Brasília-DF que, a partir de entrevistas em profundidade, tematizou o corpo vivido na prática laboral dessas cuidadoras de crianças, como espaço de observação e significação de relações sociais recortadas pelas intersecções de raça, gênero e classe. O corpo emerge nos dados a partir de um apanhado histórico que revela o complexo processo de opressão a que essas mulheres estão submetidas por gerações. Além disso, as narrativas apresentam as experiências de ser babá em sentimentos e sensações corporais que vão do afeto à abjeção. Por fim, lutas históricas das empregadas domésticas são abordadas e o atual cenário político-econômico é problematizado a partir da EC 72/2013.
Assessing Factors Affecting Formal Finance to Farmers in Ghana: Empirical Evidence of Sunyani West District
Authors: Tan Zhongming , Emmanuel Krobea Asante , Ding Guoping
Published: May 2019

Farmers in Ghana plays a key role in increasing food supplies and a sector that contributes major to the country’s gross domestic, yet they tend to have little or no access to formal credit finance. The study seeks to examine financial barriers that limit farmer’s access to formal finance. The study utilized multiple regression model to validate the relationship between formal finance and financial barriers.The empirical results shows that statistically barrier factors positively affect farmer's access to formal finance (FF). It effects on formal finance is significant. Therefore, Ministry of Food and Agricultural and Ghana Cocoa board, stakeholders and other nonprofit organizations in Ghana, should discover and liaise with formal financial institutions to mount good packages to support famers in rural communities in Ghana irrespective of these barriers.
Utilization of Coconut Fiber as a Poor Households Empowerment Base (A Case in Bongomeme District of Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia)
Authors: Obie Muhammad , Dilo Asna Usman , . Syilfi , Meiyarni Ita
Published: May 2019

Poor households have not utilized coconut fiber that is very potential to improve their welfare. This study analyzed the root causes of poor households not yet utilizing the potential of coconut fiber craft as a source of livelihood. The potential of crafts that can be developed from coconut fiber and the strategy of building institutional, commercial business groups of poor households are based on the manufacture of coconut fiber crafts to be competitive and sustainable. The researchers collected data through observation, in-depth interviews, focused group discussion, and literature review. The results show that lack of knowledge is at the root of the leading cause of poor households not utilizing coconut fiber as their livelihood. The other causes are lack of skills, low education, weak access to information, lack of collective awareness, and a false understanding that coconut fiber handicraft products are not sold in the market. Even though the facts show that if processed into handicraft products, coconut fiber can be used by poor households to improve their welfare so that they can be economically empowered. Various strategies can be carried out to build the institutional economic business groups of poor households based on the manufacture of coconut fiber crafts, namely critical awareness, strengthening the capacity of poor households, both through skills training, on the job training, and in-service training. Besides, comparative studies of entrepreneurship can also be carried out, opening up access to information, opening access to micro-business financing, and building networks of poor households to the outside world.
Benería, Lourdes; Berik, Günseli i Floro, Maria S. (2016). Gender, development and globalization: Economics as if all people mattered (second edition)
Authors: Casellas Antònia
Published: May 2019

Benería, Lourdes; Berik, Günseli i Floro, Maria S. (2016)Gender, development and globalization: Economics as if all people mattered (second edition)Nova York: Routledge, 320 p.ISBN 978-0415537490
Fernández Suárez, Belén (2018). La alteridad domesticada. La política de integración de inmigrantes en España: actores y territorios
Authors: Rodríguez Reche Cristina
Published: May 2019

Fernández Suárez, Belén (2018)La alteridad domesticada. La política de integración de inmigrantes en España: actores y territoriosBarcelona: Edicions Bellatera, 303 p.ISBN 978-84-7290-860-4
Videoanálise e Ensino de Física em Situação de Vulnerabilidade Social
Authors: De Oliveira Fábio Anastácio , Lenz Jorge Alberto , Saavedra Filho Nestor Cortez , Bezerra Junior Arandi Ginane
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho apresenta uma aplicação em sala de aula do software livre Tracker, que é destinado à vídeoanálise, ou análise de movimentos quadro a quadro. A utilização do programa tem como objetivo criar alternativas para a falta de um efetivo laboratório didático de Ciências, falta que é um problema real em várias escolas brasileiras. Com a videoanálise, é possível abordar conceitos de Física por meio de filmagens feitas com câmeras digitais, inclusive aquelas presentes em telefones celulares. Os filmes podem ser gravados e analisados com o próprio Tracker ou com auxílio de um programa de planilhas eletrônicas. A proposta foi aplicada em turmas do 1.º ano do Ensino Médio em uma escola pública da rede estadual, que atende alunos de uma região carente e com grande risco social. A avaliação do trabalho foi realizada por meio de um relatório contendo questões sobre queda livre, comparando situações em que o programa foi usado com outras em que não foi. O material utilizado propôs aos alunos uma dinâmica motivadora para aprender e aplicar seus conhecimentos. Além disso, as aulas serviram de estímulo aos estudantes para um uso inclusivo e crítico de recursos tecnológicos.
Sobre o Sistema Operacional FreeNas Aplicado à Storage na Perspectiva de Nuvem Privada Intrínseca
Authors: Zulian Felipe , Asso Danilo , Bataiola Luiz Alexandre , Neves Miguel , Costa Kelton Augusto Pontara da
Published: May 2019

A utilização de serviços em nuvem é uma realidade amplamente adotada por grandes organizações e usuários de pequeno porte. Esses serviços fornecem facilidade, agilidade e escalabilidade. Diante disso, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo demonstrar a viabilidade referente à criação e à utilização de uma nuvem privada a baixo custo, proporcionando qualidade e segurança, utilizando um hardware modesto. Em pesquisa realizada, o software open source melhor avaliado foi o Freenas, que em conjunto de plug-ins disponibiliza dentre tantos outros serviços, o armazenamento e compartilhamento local e em nuvem, sendo essa uma opção viável para pequenas e médias empresas, utilizando seus hardwares obsoletos para expansão ou criação de armazenamento e compartilhamento na rede local, e/ou nuvem privada. Apresentam-se as formas de gerenciamento e acompanhamento, mostrando a configuração de permissões, atividades dos usuários, disponibilidade e registro das atividades desenvolvidas em ambiente configurado, tornando possível a visualização por usuário individual ou grupo de usuários.
Empidoid flies from Cabo Verde (Diptera, Empidoidea, Dolichopodidae and Hybotidae) are not only composed of Old World tropical species
Authors: Grootaert Patrick , Van de Velde Isabella
Published: May 2019

In the present paper three empidoid fly species new to science are described from the island Sal of the Cabo Verde archipelago. Aphrosylus salensis sp. nov., a marine dolichopodid fly, is found in the splash zone of a rocky sea shore. Crossopalpus salensis sp. nov. (Hybotidae) is recorded from two different sebkhas. Crossopalpus complicatus sp. nov. is reported from an irrigated wasteland. A key to the species of these two genera occurring on Cape Verde is provided. The presence of the morphospecies Tachytrechus tessellatus (Macquart, 1842), a presumed Old World tropical species, is confirmed.
ANÁLISE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DAS ÁGUAS DE TRÊS POÇOS AMAZONAS NO CENTRO DA CIDADE DE POMBAL-PB
Authors: Crispim Diêgo Lima , Oliveira Andréa Maria Brandão Mendes de , Chaves Alan Dél Carlos Gomes , Coelho Luiz Fernando de Oliveira , Andrade Sanduel Oliveira de
Published: May 2019

A água subterrânea é uma fonte imprescindível para o abastecimento público de diversas cidades da região semiárida, haja vista que vários municípios passam por períodos prolongados de estiagem e secas severas, fazendo com que os reservatórios utilizados para o abastecimento de água tenham redução drástica dos seus níveis de água, e consequentemente, prejudicando o abastecimento. Na cidade de Pombal a água proveniente do manancial subterrâneo vem sendo utilizada para suprir as necessidades e atividades diárias de alguns habitantes. Ante o exposto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a qualidade da água de três poços tipo amazonas localizados no centro da cidade de Pombal-PB, por meio da avaliação de parâmetros físico-químicos. No período de agosto a dezembro de 2012, foram realizadas sete campanhas, e os parâmetros físico-químicos analisados foram: Cor, Turbidez, Condutividade elétrica, Sólidos totais dissolvidos, pH, Oxigênio dissolvido (OD), Alcalinidade, Dureza total, Cloretos, Temperatura do ar e Temperatura da água. As análises foram realizadas no Laboratório de Análises de Água – LAAg, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Pombal-PB. O procedimento de coleta, acondicionamento e preservação seguiram as normas estabelecidas no manual prático da Funasa. Os resultados obtidos  indicaram que as amostras encontram-se dentro dos valores máximos estabelecidos  pela Portaria nº. 2.914/2011 do Ministério da Saúde. Embora o parâmetro alcalinidade total não seja previsto na legislação brasileira, os valores encontrados excedem o limite máximo da OMS.
Modelo de envejecimiento activo: causas, indicadores y predictores en adultos mayores en Chile
Authors: Fernández Francisca , Nazar Gabriela , Alcover Carlos María
Published: May 2019

ResumenCon el aumento de la población adulta mayor a nivel mun­dial, existe un creciente interés por comprender los facto­res implicados en el envejecimiento activo. No obstante, lo extendido del uso del constructo y de investigaciones en la materia, aún persisten complejidades en su operaciona­lización y factores predictores. En el presente estudio se diseñó un modelo de envejecimiento activo utilizando un modelo MIMIC (Múltiple Causas y Múltiples Indicado­res), una variante de ecuaciones estructurales, en una muestra de 204 adultos mayores chilenos. La funcionali­dad física y cognitiva, junto a variables asociadas a la to­nalidad afectiva, aparecen como causas, mientras que la ausencia de sintomatología depresiva y la condición de ac­tivo en el mercado laboral, aparecen como indicadores de envejecimiento activo. El modelo mostró un ajuste satis­factorio, χ² (80) = 107.8, p = .34, CFI = .942, TLI = .942 y RMSEA = .0416, p = .74, y permitió generar un indicador de envejecimiento activo, a partir del cual se identificaron sus predictores. Las variables sociales mostraron una alta capacidad predictiva (R² = .214), seguidas por las varia­bles de estilo de vida (R² = .154) y características indivi­duales (R² = .137). El modelo propuesto se considera un aporte relevante en la operacionalización de envejeci­miento activo.AbstractWith the increase in the elderly population worldwide there is an increasing interest for understanding the factors involved in the successful or active aging. However, de­spite the use of the construct and studies on the issue, com­plexities persist in its operationalization and its predicting factors. In the present study, a model of active aging using a MIMIC model (Multiple Causes and Multiple Indica­tors) a variant of structural equations was used, in a sample of 204 Chilean elderly. Both physical and cognitive func­tionality, together with variables associated to affective tone appear as causes, whereas the absence of depressive symptoms and the active role in the labor market appear as indicators of active aging. The model showed a good fit, χ²(80) = 107.8, p = .34, CFI = .942, TLI = .942 y RMSEA = .0416, p = .74 and allowed generating an indi­cator of active aging, from which its predictors were iden­tified. Social variables showed high predictive capacity (R² = .214), followed by variables related to lifestyle (R² = .154) and individual variables (R² = .137). The pro­posed model is considered as a significant contribution in the operationalization of the active aging.
Sund aldring og forebyggende medicin
Authors: Wadman Sarah
Published: May 2019

Forebyggende medicinering for at reducere risikoen for hjertekarsygdom er for mange ældre danskere blevet en integreret del af hverdagen. Med udgangspunkt i udviklinger omkring blodtrykssænkende medicin fra 1950 og frem undersøger denne artikel, hvilke videnskabelige, økonomiske og politiske forandringer der har bidraget til at gøre forebyggende medicinering til en del af vores aldring, som langt hen af vejen tages for givet. Analysen trækker på medicinsk historiske og samfundsvidenskabelige publikationer, offentligt tilgængelige rapporter og statistik samt interviews med danske blodtryksforskere og ledere i lægemiddelvirksomheder. Analysen demonstrerer, hvordan ændringer i forståelsen af fænomenet blodtryksforhøjelse blandt medicinske forskere spillede sammen med ændringer i lægemiddelmarkedet, som yderligere blev hjulpet på vej af velfærdsstatslig regulering i kølvandet på 2. verdenskrig. Samlet peger analysen på, at det er forsimplet at forstå den stigende udbredelse af forebyggende medicin enten som videnskabens triumf eller ’medikalisering’ af alderdommen drevet frem af kapitalinteresser. Derimod er det væsentligt at forstå hvilke mulighedsrum, der skabes i samspillet mellem markedskræfter, forskningsambitioner og offentlig regulering, og hvordan det udnyttes af forskellige aktører i et felt.
Las librerías se reinventan para acercarse a los lectores
Authors: Montaña Blasco Mireia
Published: May 2019

La búsqueda de experiencias por parte de los consumidores ha llegado también a las librerías. En Tokio ha abierto Bunkitsu, un nuevo concepto de acercamiento a la lectura, donde los usuarios pagan un precio fijo que les da acceso a todos los libros que quieran mientras toman un café.
Àlex Navarro: ''En una obra audiovisual, la fuerza está en la historia''
Authors: Clares Gavilán Judith
Published: May 2019

En el marco del proyecto de investigación «EU-OS Patrimonio cultural inmaterial. Para un programa europeo de subtitulado en lenguas no hegemónicas» (CSO2016-76014-R), del grupo Estudos Audiovisuais de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, la profesora Judith Clares-Gavilán entrevista a Àlex Navarro, coordinador de Europa Creativa Desk – MEDIA Catalunya.
Setting a price for carbon for implementing a carbon tax or a cap and trade system for controlling carbon dioxide emissions
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: May 2019

Carbon tax and cap and trade are two main policy tools for market-based mechanisms aimed at curbing carbon dioxide emissions. But, their implementation requires a careful calibration of the price of carbon, on which a carbon tax is levied, or which helps price carbon credits in an emissions trading system. Hence, setting a price on carbon, tuned to the fundamentals of the local economy, is a profound question in environmental economics, important for benchmarking the price of many goods and services dependent on fossil fuel energy for material input or function. One approach to setting a price on carbon is to progressively increase the price of carbon through regulatory statute from an initial low price. This would help industries and the economy to gradually adapt to a marketplace where there is an additional regulatory price on carbon in addition to a material and services price. On the other hand, a one-off approach at setting the final price of carbon in the economy may deliver a severe demand and supply shock, which may have repercussions beyond businesses needing to factor the price of carbon in their economic calculus. Thus, whether a progressive price increase in carbon or setting the final price, pricing carbon is a delicate economic issue with significant implications for the functioning of an economy choosing either the carbon tax or cap and trade system for regulating carbon dioxide emissions.
Recent progress of tunnel junction-based ultra-violet light emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Yuewei , Jamal-Eddine Zane , Rajan Siddharth
Published: May 2019

AlGaN-based UV LEDs are promising for a wide range of industrial, household and healthcare applications. However, widespread adoption of UV LEDs is limited by the poor device efficiency. This has been attributed to the strong internal light absorption and poor electrical injection efficiency associated with the conventional UV LED structures, which typically use an absorbing p-GaN layer for p-type contact. Recent development of ultra-wide bandgap AlGaN tunnel junctions enabled a novel UV LED design with the absence of the absorbing p-GaN contact layer. In this work, we review the recent progress of AlGaN tunnel junctions and the development of tunnel junction-based UV LEDs, and discuss the challenges and future perspectives for the realization of high power, high efficiency UV LEDs.
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses of 11 cohorts of captive rhesus macaques from Chinese zoos
Authors: Su Qian , Yao Yongfang , Zhao Qin , Li Diyan , Xie Meng , Wu Jiayun , Wen Anxiang , Wang Qin , Zhu Guangxiang , Ni Qingyong , Zhang Mingwang , Xu Huailiang
Published: May 2019

Rhesus macaques are raised in almost every Chinese zoo due to their likeability and ease in feeding; however, little is yet known about the genetic diversity of rhesus macaques in captivity. In this study, a 475-base pair nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial DNA control region was obtained from the fecal DNA of 210 rhesus macaque individuals in captivity. A total of 69 haplotypes were defined, 51 of which (73.9%) were newly identified. Of all haplotypes, seven were shared between two zoos, and 62 haplotypes (89.8%) appeared only in a specific zoo, indicating a low rate of animal exchange between Chinese zoos. Moreover, there was a relatively high level of genetic diversity among the rhesus macaques (Hd = 0.0623 ± 0.0009, Pi = 0.979 ± 0.003,K= 28.974). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all haplotypes were clearly clustered into two major haplogroups—Clade A (southeastern China) and Clade B (southwestern China)—and each major clade contained several small sub-haplogroups. The haplotypes of rhesus macaques from the same zoo were not clustered together for the most part, but scattered among several subclades on the phylogenetic tree. This indicates that the rhesus macaques in most Chinese zoos may originat from a diverse collection of geographical areas. Our results demonstrate that zoos play an important role in the conservation of the genetic diversity of rhesus macaques, as well as provide useful information on the genetic management of captive rhesus macaques.
Virus-induced gene silencing in the perennial woodyPaeonia ostii
Authors: Xie Lihang , Zhang Qingyu , Sun Daoyang , Yang Weizong , Hu Jiayuan , Niu Lixin , Zhang Yanlong
Published: May 2019

Tree peony is a perennial deciduous shrub with great ornamental and medicinal value. A limitation of its current functional genomic research is the lack of effective molecular genetic tools. Here, the first application of aTobacco rattle virus(TRV)-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in the tree peony speciesPaeonia ostiiis presented. Two different approaches, leaf syringe-infiltration and seedling vacuum-infiltration, were utilized forAgrobacterium-mediated inoculation. The vacuum-infiltration was shown to result in a more completeAgrobacteriumpenetration than syringe-infiltration, and thereby determined as an appropriate inoculation method. The silencing of reporter genePoPDSencoding phytoene desaturase was achieved in TRV-PoPDS-infected triennial tree peony plantlets, with a typical photobleaching phenotype shown in uppermost newly-sprouted leaves. The endogenousPoPDStranscripts were remarkably down-regulated in VIGS photobleached leaves. Moreover, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence was detected in leaves and roots of plants inoculated with TRV-GFP, suggesting the capability of TRV to silence genes in various tissues. Taken together, the data demonstrated that the TRV-based VIGS technique could be adapted for high-throughput functional characterization of genes in tree peony.
Rutin ameliorates carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatorenal toxicity and hypogonadism in male rats
Authors: Elsawy Hany , Badr Gehan M. , Sedky Azza , Abdallah Basem M. , Alzahrani Abdullah M. , Abdel-Moneim Ashraf M.
Published: May 2019

Rutin, a food derived-polyphenolic bioflavonoid, has been acknowledged for several health benefits. This study aims to explore the ameliorative effects of rutin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity in male rats. Adult male rats were given either CCl4 (30% in olive oil, 3 ml/kg b.w. intraperitoneally) alone or in combination with rutin (70 mg/kg intragastrically) twice a week for 4 weeks. Our data showed that rutin mitigated CCl4 hepatorenal damage, as indicated by diagnostic markers (i.e., transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, urea, uric acid and creatinine), and histopathological findings. In addition, CCl4 induced profound elevation of free radical generation and oxidative stress, as evidenced by increasing lipid peroxidation and reducing catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in liver, kidney and testicular tissues; these effects were suppressed by coexposure with rutin. Moreover, the increase in the levels of serum triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol induced by CCl4 was effectively counteracted by rutin. The decrease in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the CCl4 group was also counteracted by rutin treatment. Interestingly, the decreased levels of hormonal mediators associated with sperm production, including serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, and the impaired sperm quality induced by CCl4 were reversed by rutin. Data from the current study clearly demonstrated that rutin supplementation could at least partly overcome CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and reproductive toxicity by antioxidant and antidyslipidemic effects.