bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Black Hole Solutions in N = 2 and N = 8 Gauged Supergravity
Authors: Gallerati Antonio
Published: June 2021

We review a special class of N=2 supergravity model that interpolates all the single-dilaton truncations of the maximal SO(8) gauged supergravity. We also provide explicit non-extremal, charged black hole solutions and their supersymmetric limits, asymptotic charges, thermodynamics and boundary conditions. We also discuss a suitable Hamilton–Jacobi formulation and related BPS flow equations for the supersymmetric configurations, with an explicit form for the superpotential function. Finally, we briefly analyze certain models within the class under consideration as consistent truncations of the maximal, N=8 gauged supergravity in four dimensions.
Memories of Bob Sim—Genius Complementologist and Cheerful Travel Companion
Authors: Würzner Reinhard , Tedesco Francesco , Garred Peter , Mollnes Tom E. , Truedsson Lennart , Turner Malcolm W. , Sommarin Yngve , Wieslander Jörgen , Daha Mohamed R.
Published: June 2021

Shortly before his 70th birthday, Robert B [...]
Subclinical Infection and Transmission of Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata) and Domestic Pigeon (Columbia livia domestica)
Authors: Jeong Sol , Kwon Jung-Hoon , Lee Sun-Hak , Kim Yu-Jin , Jeong Jei-Hyun , Park Jung-Eun , Jheong Weon-Hwa , Lee Dong-Hun , Song Chang-Seon
Published: June 2021

Since 2014, H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) have caused outbreaks in wild birds and poultry in multiple continents, including Asia, Europe, Africa, and North America. Wild birds were suspected to be the sources of the local and global spreads of HPAIV. This study evaluated the infectivity, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIV in mandarin ducks (Aixgalericulata) and domestic pigeons (Columbia livia domestica). None of the birds used in this study, 20 mandarin ducks or 8 pigeons, showed clinical signs or mortality due to H5N6 HPAI infection. Two genotypes of H5N6 HPAIV showed replication and transmission by direct and indirect contact between mandarin ducks. H5N6 HPAIV replicated and transmitted by direct contact between pigeons, although the viral shedding titer and duration were relatively lower and shorter than those in mandarin ducks. Influenza virus antigen was detected in various internal organs of infected mandarin ducks and pigeons, indicating systemic infection. Therefore, our results indicate mandarin ducks and pigeons can be subclinically infected with clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIV and transfer the virus to adjacent birds. The role of mandarin ducks and pigeons in the spread and prevalence of clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 viruses should be carefully monitored.
Infectivity of an Infectious Clone of Banana Streak CA Virus in A-Genome Bananas (Musa acuminata ssp.)
Authors: James Anthony P. , Kidanemariam Dawit B. , Hamill Sharon D. , Dale James L. , Harding Robert M.
Published: June 2021

We have characterized the complete genome sequence of an Australian isolate of banana streak CA virus (BSCAV). A greater-than-full-length, cloned copy of the virus genome was assembled and agroinoculated into five tissue-cultured plants of nine different Musa acuminata banana accessions. BSCAV was highly infectious in all nine accessions. All five inoculated plants from eight accessions developed symptoms by 28 weeks post-inoculation, while all five plants of M. acuminata AA subsp. zebrina remained symptomless. Symptoms were mild in six accessions but were severe in Khae Phrae (M. acuminata subsp. siamea) and the East African Highland banana accession Igisahira Gisanzwe. This is the first full-length BSCAV genome sequence reported from Australia and the first report of the infectivity of an infectious clone of banana streak virus.
Porcine Lymphotropic Herpesviruses (PLHVs) and Xenotranplantation
Authors: Denner Joachim
Published: June 2021

Porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses -1, -2 and -3 (PLHV-1, PLHV-2 and PLHV-3) are gammaherpesviruses which are widespread in pigs. They are closely related to the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus, both of which cause severe diseases in humans. PLHVs are also related to bovine and ovine gammaherpesviruses, which are apathogenic in the natural host, but cause severe diseases after transmission into other species. Until now, no association between PLHVs and any pig diseases had been described. However, PLHV-1 causes a post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) after experimental transplantations in minipigs. This disorder is similar to human PTLD, a serious complication of solid human organ transplantation linked to EBV. Xenotransplantation using pig cells, tissues and organs is under development in order to alleviate the shortage of human transplants. Meanwhile, remarkable survival times of pig xenotransplants in non-human primates have been achieved. In these preclinical trials, another pig herpesvirus, the porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), a roseolovirus, was shown to significantly reduce the survival time of pig xenotransplants in baboons and other non-human primates. Although PLHV-1 was found in genetically modified donor pigs used in preclinical xenotransplantation, it was, in contrast to PCMV, not transmitted to the recipient. Nevertheless, it seems important to use PLHV-free donor pigs in order to achieve safe xenotransplantation.
Wa-1 Equine-Like G3P[8] Rotavirus from a Child with Diarrhea in Colombia
Authors: Martinez-Gutierrez Marlen , Hernandez-Mira Estiven , Rendon-Marin Santiago , Ruiz-Saenz Julian
Published: June 2021

Rotavirus A (RVA) has been considered the main cause of diarrheal disease in children under five years in emergency services in both developed and developing countries. RVA belongs to the Reoviridae family, which comprises 11 segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a genomic constellation that encodes for six structural and five to six nonstructural proteins. RVA has been classified in a binary system with Gx[Px] based on the spike protein (VP4) and the major outer capsid glycoprotein (VP7), respectively. The emerging equine-like G3P[8] DS-1-like strains reported worldwide in humans have arisen an important concern. Here, we carry out the complete genome characterization of a previously reported G3P[8] strain in order to recognize the genetic diversity of RVA circulating among infants in Colombia. A near-full genome phylogenetic analysis was done, confirming the presence of the novel equine-like G3P[8] with a Wa-like backbone for the first time in Colombia. This study demonstrated the importance of surveillance of emerging viruses in the Colombian population; furthermore, additional studies must focus on the understanding of the spread and transmission dynamic of this important RVA strain in different areas of the country.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Expanding Vaccination with a Cell-Based Influenza Vaccine to Low Risk Adults Aged 50 to 64 Years in the United Kingdom
Authors: Kohli Michele A. , Maschio Michael , Mould-Quevedo Joaquin F. , Ashraf Mansoor , Drummond Michael F. , Weinstein Milton C.
Published: June 2021

Background: In response to COVID-19, the UK National Health Service (NHS) extended influenza vaccination in 50- to 64-year-olds from at-risk only to all in this age group for the 2020/21 season. The objective of this research is to determine the cost-effectiveness of continuing to vaccinate all with a quadrivalent cell-based vaccine (QIVc) compared to returning to an at-risk only policy after the pandemic resolves. Methods: A dynamic transmission model, calibrated to match infection data from the UK, was used to estimate the clinical and economic impact of vaccination across 10 influenza seasons. The base case effectiveness of QIVc was 63.9% and the list price was GBP 9.94. Results: Vaccinating 50% of all 50- to 64-year-olds with QIVc reduced the average annual number of clinical infections (−682,000), hospitalizations (−5800) and deaths (−740) in the UK. The base case incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained (ICER) of all compared to at-risk only was GBP6000 (NHS perspective). When the cost of lost productivity was considered, vaccinating all 50- to 64-year-olds with QIVc became cost-saving. Conclusion: Vaccinating all 50- to 64-year-olds with QIVc is likely to be cost-effective. The NHS should consider continuing this policy in future seasons.
Evaluation of Immunity for Mumps among Vaccinated Medical Students
Authors: Ferrari Cristiana , Trabucco Aurilio Marco , Mazza Andrea , Pietroiusti Antonio , Magrini Andrea , Balbi Ottavia , Bolcato Matteo , Coppeta Luca
Published: June 2021

Healthcare workers are considered at higher risk for mumps infection than the general population. Since 2017, the national immunization plan recommended the administration of a dose of measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccine to the healthcare operators who are unable to demonstrate a complete vaccination history or that are seronegative for at least one of the three agents. Regarding mumps infection, based on actual concerns regarding the loss of protection over the years after vaccination, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended to administer a third dose of vaccine to operators previously vaccinated with two doses of MMR vaccine who belong to a group at increased risk of mumps infection in the event of an epidemic. This guideline, however, is not currently followed in Italy, resulting in a potential risk for vaccinated operators to become unprotected from mumps over the years. The aim of our study is to evaluate the persistence of a protective antibody level for mumps among medical students vaccinated during infancy or adolescence, at the start of their hospital internship. We retrospectively evaluated mumps-specific IgG levels in a group of medical students, in the period from 1 January to 31 December 2020. We evaluated the persistence of the detectable level of mumps-specific antibodies in relation to their vaccinal status, gender and time elapsed from vaccination. We found that 17.4% (65 subjects) of our sample were seronegative for mumps. The univariate analysis showed a significant difference in serological protection between male and female gender (77.0% vs. 86.2%; p < 0.05 with chi2 test) and between age classes (86.5% vs. 76.4%; p < 0.05 for subjects aged 18–23 years and over 23 years, respectively). Female gender was significantly related to higher serological protection even after adjusting for age classes and number of vaccine doses administered in a multivariate analysis model. Our study shows a substantial percentage of subjects lacking a protective mumps titer among medical students who were vaccinated in childhood. Given the higher risk of infection among those subjects, routine pre-employment screening should be performed among those operators regardless of their vaccination history and a third dose of MMR should be offered to unprotected students.
Asian-Origin Approved COVID-19 Vaccines and Current Status of COVID-19 Vaccination Program in Asia: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Chakraborty Chiranjib , Sharma Ashish Ranjan , Bhattacharya Manojit , Agoramoorthy Govindasamy , Lee Sang-Soo
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 vaccination has started throughout the globe. The vaccination program has also begun in most Asian countries. This paper analyzed the Asian-origin COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination program status in Asia till March 2021 under three sections. In the first section, we mapped the approved vaccines that originated from Asia, their technological platforms, collaborations during vaccine development, and regulatory approval from other countries. We found that a total of eight Asian COVID-19 vaccines originated and got approval from three countries: China, India, and Russia. In the second section, we critically evaluated the recent progress of COVID-19 vaccination programs. We analyzed the overall vaccination status across the Asian region. We also calculated the cumulative COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in different Asian countries, vaccine rolling in 7-day average in various Asian countries, and COVID-19 vaccine per day doses administrated in several Asian countries. We found that China and India vaccinated the maximum number of people. Finally, we evaluated the factors affecting the COVID-19 vaccination program in Asia, such as vaccine hesitancy, basic reproduction numbers (R0) and vaccination campaigns, and the cost of the vaccines. Our analysis will assist the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination program successfully in Asia.
African Trypanosomosis Obliterates DTPa Vaccine-Induced Functional Memory So That Post-Treatment Bordetella pertussis Challenge Fails to Trigger a Protective Recall Response
Authors: Radwanska Magdalena , Nguyen Hang Thi Thu , Magez Stefan
Published: June 2021

Salivarian trypanosomes are extracellular parasites causing anthroponotic and zoonotic infections. Anti-parasite vaccination is considered the only sustainable method for global trypanosomosis control. Unfortunately, no single field applicable vaccine solution has been successful so far. The active destruction of the host’s adaptive immune system by trypanosomes is believed to contribute to this problem. Here, we show that Trypanosome brucei brucei infection results in the lasting obliteration of immunological memory, including vaccine-induced memory against non-related pathogens. Using the well-established DTPa vaccine model in combination with a T. b. brucei infection and a diminazene diaceturate anti-parasite treatment scheme, our results demonstrate that while the latter ensured full recovery from the T. b. brucei infection, it failed to restore an efficacious anti-B. pertussis vaccine recall response. The DTPa vaccine failure coincided with a shift in the IgG1/IgG2a anti-B. pertussis antibody ratio in favor of IgG2a, and a striking impact on all of the spleen immune cell populations. Interestingly, an increased plasma IFNγ level in DTPa-vaccinated trypanosome-infected mice coincided with a temporary antibody-independent improvement in early-stage trypanosomosis control. In conclusion, our results are the first to show that trypanosome-inflicted immune damage is not restored by successful anti-parasite treatment.
Nano-Microparticle Platforms in Developing Next-Generation Vaccines
Authors: Cappellano Giuseppe , Abreu Hugo , Casale Chiara , Dianzani Umberto , Chiocchetti Annalisa
Published: June 2021

The first vaccines ever made were based on live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens, either whole cells or fragments. Although these vaccines required the co-administration of antigens with adjuvants to induce a strong humoral response, they could only elicit a poor CD8+ T-cell response. In contrast, next-generation nano/microparticle-based vaccines offer several advantages over traditional ones because they can induce a more potent CD8+ T-cell response and, at the same time, are ideal carriers for proteins, adjuvants, and nucleic acids. The fact that these nanocarriers can be loaded with molecules able to modulate the immune response by inducing different effector functions and regulatory activities makes them ideal tools for inverse vaccination, whose goal is to shut down the immune response in autoimmune diseases. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and liposomes are biocompatible materials approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use and are, therefore, suitable for nanoparticle-based vaccines. Recently, another candidate platform for innovative vaccines based on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been shown to efficiently co-deliver antigens and adjuvants. This review will discuss the potential use of PLGA-NPs, liposomes, and EVs as carriers of peptides, adjuvants, mRNA, and DNA for the development of next-generation vaccines against endemic and emerging viruses in light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic.
The influence of asparaginates of iodine, cobalt, selenium and the drug «Creamino» on the metabolism and productive traits of young cattle
Authors: Krasnoshchekova T. A. , Zalyubovskaya E. Yu.
Published: June 2021

The determining factor in increasing the productivity of farm animals is the provision of comlete feeding of animals through feed additives. Among the functional feed additives containing essential trace elements, a special place under the conditions of the Amur region is given to microadditives of selenium, iodine and cobalt. The Amur region belongs to the biogeochemical region in which the defi ciency of I, Se and Co in feed is from 80 to 95 % compared to the average Russian indicators. The purpose of the work was to compare the eff ect of feed additives made from red alga Ahnfeltia, soy protein asparaginates separately and together with the drug “Creamino” on the growth, development and metabolism of young cattle. Under the conditions of the Amur region on the basis of their own experimental data in the rearing of young cattle, the eff ectiveness of the use of the drug “Creamino” and red alga Ahnfeltia has been scientifi cally justifi ed. The conducted scientifi c and economic and physiological experiments allowed us to determine the eff ect of red anfel on the growth and development, metabolic processes of replacement heifers and the growth rate of steers when they were fed soy protein asparaginates together with the drug “Creamino”. The evaluation of the economic effi ciency of feeding heifers I, Co and Se in organic form as part of soy protein asparaginates and red alga Ahnfeltia has shown a higher economic eff ect per 1 head per day in the 2nd experimental group, where the level of profi tability was 28,6 %. The results of the research and production experiment on steers have shown that from an economic point of view, it is advisable to use I, Co and Se in their rations in the form of soy protein asparaginates together with the drug “Creamino”, feeding of which can signifi cantly increase the economic eff ect, which is 1 head per day of 4,47 rubles with a profi tability level of 31,0 %.
Productive and reproductive traits of Kholmogorskaya breed of cattle when feeding grain molasses
Authors: Vorobiyeva S.L. , Perevozchikov A. V.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the work was to increase the effectiveness of rearing of young animals and milk production by providing dairy cows with easily digestible sugars obtained from local grain raw materials. The research on the use of grain molasses produced from rye grain in a pilot unit in the Sharkansky RTP UZHK-1000 in feeding cattle of Kholmogorskaya breed under the environments of the Udmurt Republic has been carried out. The innovative small-sized treacle unit operating on the basis of the principle of cavitation technology is designed for the enzymatic cleavage of grain polysaccharides to a more accessible form of sugars for assimilation. It has been revealed that the feeding of grain molasses to young cattle in the amount of 3 kg/head/day had a positive effect on the increase in the average daily gain of live weight and the intensity of growth of animals. In the first-calf heifers in control group the age of achieving the first insemination was 14,7 months with the live weight of 374,6 kg, in the first-calf heifers in experimental group it was 13,8 months, while their live weight was 378,2 kg. The insemination index in the first-calfheifers of the control group was satisfactory and amounted to 2,0, and in the cows of the experimental group it was good – 1,6 (P ≥ 0,95). The maximum milk productivity of first-calf heifers for 305 days of lactation has been recorded in the cows of the experimental group, where grain molasses was used, and amounted to 7702,0 kg, which was more than in the control group by 157 kg or 2,1% (P ≥ 0,95). Milk from cows of the experimental group was the most suitable for the production of fermented milk products. The physical and chemical parameters of milk were also higher in the group in which grain molasses has been fed. The lowest consumption of milk for the production of 1 kg of cottage cheese was noted in the experimental group of cows 6,43 kg, the same trend has been observed in the production of cheese where the consumption was 8,7 kg.
The influence of enzyme probiotics on the growth, development and metabolism in young cattle
Authors: Krasnoshchekova T. A. , Tyutyavkina O.N.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the research was to make a comparative study of the use of enzymatic probiotics in the feeding of young cattle Black-and-White breed and to determine their effect on growth, development and metabolic processes. Under the conditions of the Amur region the use of enzymatic probiotics in the feeding of young cattle has been justified in two scientific and economic experiments. In physiological experiments the digestibility of nutrients in rations has been determined; the balance of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus has been studied. As a result of the first scientific and economic experiment, a comparative study of the feeding of enzymatic probiotics Cellobacterin and Vitacell to calves has been carried out. It has been found that the inclusion of the enzymatic probiotic Vitacell in the rations of calves had a better effect on growth, digestibility and balance of nutrients as well as improved hematological parameters, bringing them to the physiological norms. In the second experiment the effect of the enzymatic probiotics Vitacell and Promilk on the dynamics of the live weight of young cattle, their growth, development and metabolic processes has been studied. It has been found that the enzymatic probiotic Vitacell had a better effect on growth, digestibility and nutrient balance compared to the probiotic Promilk. Thus, physiological, biochemical, zootechnical and economic research methods proved the feasibility of using probiotics in the rations of calves of Black-and-White breed, but the best results were obtained when using the probiotic Vitacell. The data of the production inspection confirmed the results obtained in scientific and economic experiments.
Irrigation of soybean under environments of Prialeyskaya steppe
Authors: Davydov A.S. , Gornostal R. G.
Published: June 2021

Soybean is one of the most important agricultural crops, which although in general very unpretentious, but under the environments of the Altai Territory (Prialeyskaya steppe) it is almost impossible to obtain consistently high yields due to unfavorable climatic conditions. The main factor in obtaining consistently high yields and involving additional areas for soybean crop in this climatic zone is the use of complex agrotechnical techniques, namely regular irrigation. The purpose of the work was to develop an optimal mode of soybean irrigation under the environments of the Prialeyskaya steppe in the Altai Territory. The possibility of effective soybean cultivation on the irrigated lands of the arid Prialeyskaya steppe in the Altai Territory has been theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed in the paper. The regularities of the influence of different irrigation regimes on soybean productivity have been established. The specific water consumption per unit of marketable output has been determined depending on the irrigation regime. The relations of grain yield with the change of irrigation regime have been established. The maximum yield of soybean grain has been obtained in the 80% LMC variant (the lowest moisture capacity), which was 3,3 t/ha in 2016. The average yield for 3 years of research was 3,1 t/ha and exceeded the yield on the control variant by 2,1 t/ha. In the 80% LMC variant but with the treatment of soybean seeds before sowing with an inoculant the average yield was 3,5 t/ha, which exceeded the yield in the control variant by 2,5 t/ha. Also in the 80% LMC variant and with inoculant seed treatment the yield of soybean grain exceeded the yield in the non-treated variant by 0,4 t/ha. Thus, it has been established that to obtain the maximum yield of soybean under the environments of the Prialeyskaya steppe should support the level of pre-irrigation soil moisture at 80% LMC.
The joint use of enzyme drugs and lecithin in the rearing of broiler chickens
Authors: Kaloev B. S. , Ibragimov M. O. , Shagaipov M. M.
Published: June 2021

The reliability of the results obtained in scientific and economic experiments on the study of the effectiveness of the use of various feed components, including biologically active substances in the rearing of broilers needs to be confi rmed in production conditions. The purpose of the research was to study the joint use of enzyme drugs and lecithin in the rearing of broiler chickens. The results of production experiment on the study of the effectiveness of the joint inclusion of enzyme drugs Sunzyme and Sunfyse 5000 as well as lecithin in the diet of broiler chickens of the cross Ross-308 have been presented in the article. Production tests have been carried out under the conditions of the breeding farm “Achkhoy– Martanovsky” in the Chechen Republic. The duration of the experiment was 45 days. For research on the principle of analog groups two groups have been formed: a control group and an experimental group of 1000 heads in each. The broilers of the control group have been fed compound feed prepared in accordance with the growing period and consisting mainly of grain components of local production. The broilers of the experimental group have been fed the same compound feed, but with the addition of two enzyme drugs Sanzyme and Sanfyse 5000 (100 g/t of feed) as well as lecithin (10 g/kg of feed). The results of the production experiment fully confi rmed the data obtained in the scientific and economic experiment. The positive effect of the joint use of the studied enzyme drugs and lecithin has been manifested in all the studied productive traits. In particular, the increase in live weight of broilers increased by 12,1 %, slaughter yield by 3,5 %, the yield of carcasses of the 1st category by 3,0 %. The main economic indicators also found their confirmation: feed consumption per unit of growth decreased by 11,7 %, additional profit was received in the amount of 27308,2 rubles, the level of profitability of broiler rearing increased by 18,4 %.
The use of probiotics for the correction of disturbances of metabolism in cows
Authors: Kovaleva O. V. , Sannikova N. V. , Shulepova О. V. , Kostomakhin N. M. , Karmatskikh Yu. A.
Published: June 2021

Currently, there is a huge range of different feed additives on the market, which are widely used in animal husbandry, but they act simultaneously, i. e. by stopping their use the resulting effect is also lost. Metabolic disorders due to feeding errors begin imperceptibly without any precursors, and first of all this affects the biochemical parameters of the blood only later leads to alimentary diseases with deep often irreversible degenerative changes in organs and tissues. In practice, there are rarely disorders of any one type of metabolism more often there are combinations of various metabolic disorders, especially often this occurs in the absence of a complete balanced feeding. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of a probiotic drug based on Bacillus subtilis in the watering of lactating cows for the correction of metabolic disorders. In order to assess the actual presence of probiotics in the water during the experiment its analysis has been carried out. It has shown that in the water that enters the distribution tank the total microbial number was 9×10[sup]5[/sup] CFU/ml, and in the drinker this indicator was at the level of 3,8×10[sup]5[/sup] CFU/ml. Common coliform bacteria and thermotolerant coliform bacteria have been not detected. Studies have shown that when using the drug based on Bacillus subtilis containing five strains of bacteria in an amount of 0,01 %, which is 6 ml/head/day in the watering of lactating cows during the increasing the milk yield period there was a tendency to correct metabolic disorders. There was the decrease in the content of ketone bodies by 11,9 %, the increase in glucose by 34 % and the decrease in urea by 7,1 mmol/l.
Assessment of the toxicity and antiproliferative activity of hemocyanins from Helix
lucorum, Helix aspersa and Rapana venosa
Authors: Yankova I. , Ivanova E. , Todorova K. , Georgieva A. , Dilcheva V. , Vladov I. , Petkova S. , Toshkova R. , Velkova L. , Dolashka P. , Iliev I.
Published: June 2021

Hemocyanins (Hcs) are respiratory, oxygen-carrying metalloproteins that are freely dissolved in the hemolymph of
many molluscs and arthropods. The interest in hemocyanins has grown significantly since it was found that they can be
successfully used in immunotherapy of neoplastic diseases as non-specific or active stimulators of the immune system.
The present study aims to assess the cytotoxicity, in vivo toxicity and antiproliferative activity of hemocyanins isolated
from marine snail Rapana venosa (RvH), garden snails Helix lucorum (HlH) and Helix aspersa (HaH). For in vitro
safety testing, 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) test was used. The experiments for antiproliferative activity of the
hemocyanins were performed by MTT assay on a panel of cell lines - a model of breast cancer. The in vivo
toxicological assessment was performed by regular clinical examinations of hemocyanin-treated laboratory mice and
histopathological analysis of hematoxylin/eosin stained preparations of parenchymal organs. The evaluation of the in
vitro cytotoxicity showed that the tested hemocyanins does not induce toxic effects in nontumorigenic epithelial cell
lines. In contrast, significant reduction of the viability of human breast carcinoma cell lines was found after treatment
with high concentrations of hemocyanins. The in vivo experiments showed no signs of organ and systemic toxicity in
the hemocyanin-treated animals. The presented data indicate that Hcs show a potential for development of novel
anticancer therapeutics due to their beneficial properties, biosafety and lack of toxicity or side effects.

Key words: hemocyanins (Hcs); cytotoxicity; antitumor activity; in vivo biosafety testing.
Grundvand. Overvågning og problemer
Authors: Nygaard Erik , Salinas Ingrid , Rasmussen Per , Nyegaard Per , Nygaard Erik , Nielsen Finn Lykke , Merkelsen Poul , Lundsgaard Arne , Kristiansen Henning , Grambo Allan , Czakó Tibor , Brüsch Walter
Published: June 2021

Denne rapport om grundvandet er i hovedsagen baseret på data og rapporter fra amterne og Københavns/Fredriksberg kommuner. Rapporten er forfattet af en arbejdsgruppe bestående af: Ingrid Salinas, Per Rasmussen, Per Nyegaard, Erik Nygaard, Finn Lykke Nielsen, Poul Merkelsen, Arne Lundsgaard, Henning Kristiansen, Allan Grambo, Tibor Czakó, og Walter Brüsch, alle DG U. Den meget omfattende sekretærbistand blev ydet af Helle Dybdal Pedersen, Bente Larsson, Conni Steffensen og Maibritt Larving Hvidkjær. Rentegningen er udført af Eva Melskens, Gitte Nicolaisen, Helle Zetterwall og Kirsten Andersen. Her ud over har andre medarbejdere ved DGU hjulpet med løsning af konkrete problemer for rapporteringen, således at de mange og meget varierende oplysninger har kunnet sammenføjes til en helhed. En foreløbig version af afsnittene 2, 3, 4 og 7 er blevet kommenteret af amterne, Københavns og Frederiksberg kommuner, og Miljøstyrelsen. Kommentarerne er i stort omfang indarbejdet i rapporten.
COMBINATION OF THE PROFILE MATCHING AND TOPSIS METHOD IN DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM OF LECTURER PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Suarnatha I Putu Dody , Gunadi I Gede Aris , Aryanto Kadek Yota Ernanda
Published: June 2021

To produce competent and professional lecturers, of course, requires various efforts so that these goals are achieved, one of the efforts that can be made is through lecturer performance appraisal. At Tabanan University, lecturer performance assessment is carried out at the end of each semester, but in its implementation there are obstacles, namely: the results of the assessment are still not appropriate because they only assess education and learning criteria and and does not include any other defining criteria, besides that in Tabanan University, does not yet have a benchmark for determining lecturer performance. This has an impact on the decision-making process in evaluating and ranking lecturer performance. Therefore, to overcome these obstacles, a decision support system (DSS) is needed. The DSS was built using a combination of the Profile Matching and TOPSIS methods. The Profile Matching method is used in the weighting process and the calculation of the level of suitability of each alternative, while the TOPSIS method is for ranking calculations. The decision support system is built using four criteria that are taken from the employee performance targets.. These criteria are: Education and Teaching, Research, Community Service and Work Behavior.
Efektifitas Minuman Bekatul Terhadap Kadar LDL dan HDL Siswa Sekolah Dasar Yang Obesitas
Authors: Akbar Abdul Azis
Published: June 2021

Rice bran comes from rice waste which has many benefits, one of which is good for obesity because it contains lot of fiber and antioxidant gamma orizanol. This study aims to determine effect of drink rice bran much as 30 g to HDL and LDL levels of obese students several elementary schools in Makassar. The number of samples needed was 60 obese elementary school students with research design Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The results showed that the characteristics of the respondents indicated that the value was not significant between control and intervention groups. For energy intake in control group increased significantly (p = 0.061), while the intervention group experienced an increase, although not significantly (p = 0.256). Fiber intake, cholesterol, carbohydrates and fat increased in both groups but not significantly. For LDL levels in the intervention group (p = 0.000) and control group (p = 0.021) decreased significantly. while for HDL levels there was a significant increased in the intervention group (p = 0.014) and significant decreased in control group (p = 0.102). It is concluded that the provision of rice bran based drinks has an effect on reducing LDL levels and increasing HDL in obese students
LKTs as a means of learning English for specific purposes in a virtual modality
Authors: Flores-González Norma
Published: June 2021

Learning English implies developing oral, writing, reading, and listening competencies in real contexts to avoid its isolated conceptualization for appropriate communication since the meaning and interpretation of language deal with Semantics and Pragmatics. The study focussed on these objectives: identify the learning and knowledge technologies (LKTs) used in the Semantics and Pragmatics course; know the subjects' perceptions concerning their usage and the findings obtained from their application. Methodologically, a descriptive longitudinal quantitative approach took place, getting these results: identification of LKT resources to promote writing, oral, listening, and reading competencies focused on Semantics and Pragmatics, description of students’ perception regarding LKT resources characterized as triggers motivational to learn collaboratively with a positive attitude in their use. The study corroborated that this proposal let subjects grasp the meaning and interpretation of language and achieve a higher proficiency level. In conclusion, LKTs represent a potentially ideal means of learning the language in virtual environments, understanding how they work in context, and acquiring key fundamentals to communicate successfully.
Gobernanza territorial y protección institucional para el desarrollo de Sistemas Agroalimentarios Localizados (SIAL). Análisis de dos cultivos ancestrales en América Latina: quinoa de Bolivia y cacao de México
Authors: Martínez Salvador Laura Elena
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, desde la gobernanza territorial, los efectos de las declaratorias de Denominación de Origen (DO) sobre actores sociales de los Sistemas Agroalimentarios Localizados (SIAL). Para ello se consideran los casos del SIAL quinoa Real de Bolivia (DO otorgada en 2014) y el SIAL del cacao de Grijalva de Tabasco, en México (DO otorgada en 2016). El estudio de caso se complementa con entrevistas semiestructuradas a los actores de los SIAL. Es posible concluir que estas figuras de protección institucional constituyen un primer paso en el reconocimiento del valor sociocultural, agronómico y productivo de estos cultivos, aunque los efectos de las DO en los SIAL son diferentes, debido al grado de formalización de la figura. Para el caso de la quinoa en Bolivia encontramos una DO instaurada pero perfectible, que requiere de una mayor integración del sistema; en el caso del cacao en México, se presenta una DO de conformación incipiente. Tales casos proporcionan puntos de convergencia y divergencia, así como lecciones en materia de gobernanza territorial para el aprovechamiento de las figuras de protección institucional.
Fiesta y festín. El comer festivo en España
Authors: Ortíz García Carmen
Published: June 2021

La fiesta y la comida son dos elementos muy ligados con la imagen externa de las costumbres en España. Sobre la base de que existe una relación fundamental entre estos dos hechos —la alimentación y la celebración festiva—, se analizan varios elementos relevantes utilizando la variedad de fiestas locales en todo el país. Se exponen de manera específica la aparición de alimentos como don o regalo en algunas celebraciones tradicionales; las batallas de comida en ciertos festivales creados modernamente y, por fin, la patrimonialización y el consumo de alimentos y formas culinarias locales en las fiestas como una forma de legitimar y divulgar los productos primarios y los propios territorios dentro de un consumo cultural nacional y transnacional.
An Eye View of Technical Communication in English Language among Engineering Students in Southern Tamil Nadu (India): An Analysis in the Postmodern Era
Authors: Hariharasudan A. , Gnanamony S. Robert , Rajaram S.
Published: June 2021

Objective - The aim of the research is to cheer the Engineering Students of Southern Tamil Nadu, India to do participative learning in English and facilitate them in obtaining English communication skills for their development in Professional and Career Orientation.

Methodology/Technique - The study was undertaken in India with the sample of 300 students who are in the Engineering colleges of Southern Tamil Nadu. Data had been collected through questionnaire which was later evaluated using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and AMOS (Analysis and Moment Structure) software to validate the conceptual framework.

Findings - The study has revealed the factors affecting LSRW and satisfaction of students. The major factors that are paved the way for this are Professional Purposes, Academic Developments, Personal Developments, Professional Communication Skills, Academic English and Social Communications.

Novelty - This paper will fabricate and determined outline for the development of Engineering Students in Southern Tamil Nadu in the Postmodern Era and encourage them for improving their Professional Communication Skills in English

Type of Paper - Empirical

Keywords: Professional Purposes; Academic Developments; Personal Developments; Professional Communication Skills; Academic English; Social Communication; LSRW; Postmodern Era; English.

JEL Classification: I21, D83.
Classroom Arrangement through Computer: A New Approach
Authors: Ullah Irshad , Irshad Aamna
Published: June 2021

Objective - In the classroom, computers can be used for its better learning arrangements. Computers can be used either by the teacher or the learner but whatever way it is used, it is an important tool in the teaching-learning environment. Without proper class room arrangement and management, it becomes difficult to create a proper environment for learning. It can also affect the learning behaviors of students. Student may learn more effectively and efficiently in a cool environment. Different educationalists from the education field put in a lot of effort in this respect, suggesting many different methods for solving learning problems. In this paper an attempt has been made to demonstrate how computersmay assist in the arrangement of classes for better learning environments. Methodology/Technique - Different perspectives are investigated by collecting data from bothstudents and teachers with different levels offamiliarity with the use of computers in the learning environment. Findings - Based on the analysed results, different techniques and strategies are proposed for use in the classroom to achieve better learning environments. Novelty - The study suggests an approach for classroom arrangement though the use of computers. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Computer; Internet; Management; Students; Class. JEL Classification: I21, O32.
Dual Working Couples: Blessings or Burden
Authors: Kamal Raza , Zehra Fizza , Fatima Shurooque
Published: June 2021

Objective - To examine the problems of dual working couples in the Pakistani context, examining their problems and suggesting measures to be taken by organizations to minimize their ill-effects on family structures and the organizations.

Methodology/Technique - There were two different questionnaires designed for HR managers and working couples, the respondents for this study.

Findings - The findings support the belief that social factors stand out as the main reason for minimal participation of working couples in productive activities. The female gender still attributes a higher priority to family life and do not pursue professional career after the mid-career stage. National participation of educated females, especially in the urban centres will remain stagnant if affirmative action plans are not designed to encourage dual working couples to remain productive.

Novelty - Employers need to tailor their policies according to the preferences of couples in order to retain their skilled employees and obtain productive output from them. Joint family living is presently solving the problems being encountered by dual working couples, but it is fast fading in cities.

Type of Paper - Empirical

Keywords: Adverse Working Conditions; Affirmative Action Plan; Benefits; Dual Working Couples; Flexible Work-Hours; Pakistani Workforce; Telecommuting.

JEL Classification: J21, J24.
The Impact of Joint Commission International Healthcare Accreditation on Infection Control Performance: A Study in Dubai Hospital
Authors: Salim Fatima Mahmoud , Rahman Mohammad Habibur
Published: June 2021

Objective - The United Arab Emirates (UAE) Vision 2021 aims to achieve a world-class healthcare system and the national agenda has set multiple Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to accomplish accreditation by all healthcare facilities in the country by 2021. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation on Infection Control (IC) KPIs in Dubai Hospital (DH).

Methodology/Technique - A longitudinal case study covering 2007 to 2013 was conducted to examine this impact based on secondary data of the KPIs during this period and semi-structured interviews with senior health officials.

Findings - The study reveals that the healthcare accreditation acts as a catalyst for implementing and monitoring changes but it also underscores some challenges. It proposes recommendations such as improving surveillance systems, ensuring proper resources allocation, and undertaking further research.

Novelty - The study recommends improving the surveillance and reporting systems at the national level through frequent internal surveys.

Type of Paper - Empirical

Keywords: Dubai; Infection Control; Joint Commission International Accreditation; Key Performance Indicators; United Arab Emirates.

JEL Classification: H51, I11, P46
Does Government Quality Spending can reduce Poverty? A Case in East Java Province
Authors: Ananda Candra Fajri , Khusaini Moh. , Wiguna Atu Bagus
Published: June 2021

Objective - The poverty issue in East Java Province is an interesting research object. This phenomenon has retrieved in every fiscal year, although the intergovernmental transfer funds increase significantly annually. In the decentralization era, a region has been authorized to identify its problem and provide solutions based on their initiatives and preferences. The local government through their budget should focus on their problem solving, i.e. poverty alleviation. Utilizing panel regression, we found that government spending on education and health can reduce poverty rate.

Methodology/Technique - OLS (Ordinary Least Squared) modelwas utilized to answer the objective of the study, that is, to see how the effect of government spending in various sectorson poverty alleviation.

Findings - Using the panel regression model, this study found that government spending on education has a negative impact on poverty rate in the East Java Province. The impact on this variable appears to be statistically significant.

Novelty - This study showed that central and local government should synchronize their proposed programs, reducing overlapped programs, to pursue a higher efficiency of budget management.

Type of Paper - Empirical/Review

Keywords: Quality Spending, Budget Deficit/Surplus, Poverty Alleviation.

JEL Classification: H72, I31, I32.
China's Growing Ties with Middle East: Goals and Objectives
Authors: Mostafa Golam
Published: June 2021

Objective - This study evaluates China's rapid growth of economic, trade and investment ties with key Middle Eastern countries and its long term economic, geo-political and strategic goals and objectives, as well as opportunities and limitations in the light of the relative decline of US power and influence in the region.

Methodology/Technique - A qualitative research methodology is applied in the study and wide range of secondary sources including articles, papers and online resources are used, analyzed and consulted. Data on trade and investment statistics between China and major Middle Eastern countries are also tabulated and used.

Findings - The study concludes that economic and trade interests as well as stable and regular oil and gas supply are the primary consideration in this burgeoning relationship. The study also finds that strategic factors like geopolitical locations, large territories with huge natural resources, rising consumer markets and potential areas of military cooperation and arms sales make the Middle East a more lucrative and attractive partner to China.

Novelty - The study looks at the relationship between China and the Middle East.

Type of Paper - Empirical

Keywords: China; Middle East; Trade; Strategic Interests; Gulf Cooperation Council ('GCC'); One Belt One Road ('OBOR').
The Effect of Slack Resources on Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Empirical Evidence on Indonesian Listed Companies
Authors: Sayekti Yosefa
Published: June 2021

Objective - This study examines the effect of companies' slack resources on strategic Corporate Social Responsibility ('CSR') and also non-strategic CSR. By analysing the slack resources as a determinant of CSR, it might indicate the companies' priority regarding their strategic CSR as part of companies' strategy. Methodology/Technique - Instead of using profitability as a measure of slack resources, this study employs slack resources as a variable itself as it was developed by Burgeois (1981), based on financial data in the companies' financial statements. Findings - The empirical result of this study indicates that un-absorbed slack resources positively affect the strategic CSR and also non-strategic CSR of a company, while absorbed slack resources do not significantly affect either. Novelty - Unlike previous studies, this study does not use profitability as a proxy of slack resources, but uses slack resources as a variable itself. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Slack Resources; Corporate Social Responsibility; Strategic CSR; Nonstrategic CSR; Slack Resources; Absorbed Slack Resources; Unabsorbed Slack Resources.