bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioural response evoked by conspecific distress calls in two neotropical treefrogs
Authors: Forti Lucas Rodriguez , Forti Anna Bárbara Bella Sanches , Márquez Rafael , Toledo Luís Felipe
Published: October 2017

Anurans emit distress calls when attacked by predators as a defensive mechanism. As distress calls may trigger antipredator behaviour even in individuals that are not under attack, we tested whether this defensive behaviour induced behavioural changes in neighbouring conspecifics. We compared the behavioural responses of two species of Neotropical hylid frogs (genus Boana) to conspecific distress calls and white noise. Individuals of both species interrupted their vocal activity and decreased call rate after hearing the distress call. Natural variation on signal intensity calibrated among the nearest neighbours did not influence the response and we did not observe negative phonotaxis after any acoustic stimulus. Despite the fact that many predators are acoustically oriented, we could not determine if such response (reduced call rate) was induced by risk assessment or by the masking effect on advertisement calls. Boana faber responded similarly to white noise and distress calls, while B. bischoffi responded more intensely to distress calls. Duration of silence after playbacks in B. faber was longer than B. bischoffi. We suggest that, if the signals are interpreted as a risk cue by neighbouring conspecifics, each species may be preyed upon by different predators, as they may have led to distinct defensive strategies and different responses to distress calls. If risk assessment information is included in distress calls, it triggers behavioural responses only in the nearest neighbours, as we did not observe responses on the vocal activity of the interspecific chorus. Our results add relevant data about acoustic communication and interpretations by anurans, highlighting the importance of considering cues within common and widespread signals.
New Onset Focal Stabbing Headache Associated With Peripheral Vertigo: A Case Report
Authors: Chan Tommy L.H. , Kim David D. , Becker Werner J.
Published: October 2017

We present a novel case of a focal stabbing headache sharing features of primary stabbing headache that started and resolved with the onset and resolution of a course of self‐limiting peripheral vertigo. The association of onset and improvement of the stabbing headaches support the trigeminal and vestibular reciprocal relationships. Vestibular input may be the driving force and a potential target for treatment.
Psychological effects of Helicobacter pylori‐associated atrophic gastritis in patients under 50 years: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Takeoka Atsushi , Tayama Jun , Kobayashi Masakazu , Sagara Ikuko , Ogawa Sayaka , Saigo Tatsuo , Hayashida Masaki , Yamasaki Hironori , Fukudo Shin , Shirabe Susumu
Published: October 2017

Background

While gastrointestinal function is known to be closely related to psychological status, the influence of Helicobacter pylori‐associated atrophic gastritis is currently unknown. We aimed to determine whether atrophic gastritis status or H. pylori infection is associated with psychological distress or depressed mood.

Materials and Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional, observational study involving 975 Japanese individuals (503 females; mean age, 44 ± 8 years) who underwent a health checkup. Psychological distress was defined as a Kessler‐6 Scale score ≥13 and depressive mood as a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score ≥ 16. The odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals assessing the risk of psychological distress or depressive mood associated with H. pylori infection (H. pylori‐specific immunoglobulin G levels >10 U/mL) and atrophic gastritis status (pepsinogen I levels < 70 μg/L and pepsinogen I/II ratio < 3) were calculated using multiple logistic analysis adjusting for several covariates.

Results

Individuals with atrophic gastritis had a significantly higher risk of experiencing psychological distress, with younger females (<50 years) displaying the highest risk for psychological distress and depressive mood regardless of H. pylori infection status. Among females aged <50 years, H. pylori‐seropositive participants with atrophic gastritis (HP+AG+) showed the highest risk of psychological distress (OR, 16.4; 95% CI, 3.45‐94.9) and depression (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.31‐6.05), using HP−AG− status as the reference.

Conclusions

Our findings support the results of previous animal studies regarding the psychological response to gastritis in humans. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether H. pylori eradication provides psychological benefits.
Book Review
Authors: England Wilbur B.
Published: October 2017

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS FOR INDUSTRIAL GOODS, By WILLIAM M. DIAMOND, (Columbus: Ohio State University Bureau of Business Research, Research Monograph No. 114, 1963. 185 pages. $4.50)
Impact of chloride (NaCl, KCl) and sulphate (Na2SO4, K2SO4) salinity on glucosinolate metabolism in Brassica rapa
Authors: Aghajanzadeh T. A. , Reich M. , Kopriva S. , De Kok L. J.
Published: October 2017

Seedlings of Brassica rapa were exposed to increasing concentrations of NaCl, Na2SO4, KCl and K2SO4 to study the effect on glucosinolate content, composition and expression of genes of the glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway and associated transcription factors. Growth was inhibited stronger by sulphate salts and strongest by Na2SO4. Aliphatic, indolic and aromatic glucosinolates were differently affected by the salts in shoot and roots. A decrease in aliphatic glucosinolates in shoots of plants exposed to chloride salts corresponded to a decreased gene expression of a key enzyme for their biosynthesis. Likewise, an increased level of indolic and aromatic glucosinolates by Na2SO4 coincided with an increased gene expression of enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of these glucosinolates. The results show that changes in glucosinolate content and composition under salt stress depend on the ionic composition of the salts. This has implications for the quality of B. rapa grown under different types of salinity.
A pilot intervention to reduce postpartum weight retention and central adiposity in first‐time mothers: results from the mums OnLiNE (Online, Lifestyle, Nutrition & Exercise) study
Authors: van der Pligt P. , Ball K. , Hesketh K. D. , Teychenne M. , Crawford D. , Morgan P. J. , Collins C. E. , Campbell K. J.
Published: October 2017

Background

Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) increases the risk for obesity and complications during subsequent pregnancies. Few interventions have been successful in limiting PPWR in mothers. The present study assessed the effectiveness of the mums OnLiNE (Online, Lifestyle, Nutrition & Exercise) intervention with respect to reducing PPWR and improving diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour.

Methods

A subsample of first‐time mothers enrolled in the Extended Melbourne Infant Feeding Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT Extend) completed the nonrandomised mums OnLiNE intervention. Women in the intervention (I) group (n = 28) received access to an online calorie tracking program, smartphone app, three telephone counselling calls with a dietitian and written material. Women in two comparison groups (CI and C2) (n = 48; n = 43) were from the control (C1) and intervention (C2) arms of InFANT Extend and received no additional support. Weight and waist circumference were measured objectively. Written surveys assessed diet and physical activity. Sedentary behaviour was self‐reported. Linear and logistic regression assessed changes in outcomes between groups from 9 to 18 months postpartum.

Results

Mean PPWR decreased in the (I) group (−1.2 kg) and the C2 group (−1.2 kg), although the changes were not significant. Mean waist circumference for all groups exceeded recommendations at baseline but decreased to below recommendations for women in the (I) group (78.3 cm) and significantly for the (I) group (−6.4 cm) compared to C1 (−1.1 cm; P = 0.002) and C2 (−3.3 cm; P = 0.001). Changes in diet, physical activity or sedentary behaviour were not significant.

Conclusions

The online intervention reported in the present study shows promise with respect to reducing waist circumference in postpartum women. Further evidence of strategies that may improve weight and related behaviours in this target group is needed.
Antisense movement on the clock
Authors: Bazin Jérémie , Crespi Martin
Published: October 2017

This article is a Commentary on Henriques et al., 216: 854–867.
Disordered eating and obesity: associations between binge‐eating disorder, night‐eating syndrome, and weight‐related comorbidities
Authors: McCuen‐Wurst Courtney , Ruggieri Madelyn , Allison Kelly C.
Published: October 2017

Binge‐eating disorder (BED) and night‐eating syndrome (NES) are two forms of disordered eating associated with overweight and obesity. While these disorders also occur in nonobese persons, they seem to be associated with weight gain over time and higher risk of diabetes and other metabolic dysfunction. BED and NES are also associated with higher risk of psychopathology, including mood, anxiety, and sleep problems, than those of similar weight status without disordered eating. Treatments are available, including cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), interpersonal psychotherapy, lisdexamfetamine, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for BED; and CBT, SSRIs, progressive muscle relaxation, and bright light therapy for NES.
Gene expression trade‐offs between defence and growth inEnglish elm induced byOphiostoma novo‐ulmi
Authors: Perdiguero Pedro , Sobrino‐Plata Juan , Venturas Martin , Martín Juan Antonio , Gil Luis , Collada Carmen
Published: October 2017

Wilt diseases caused by vascular pathogens include some of the most damaging stresses affecting trees. Dutch elm disease (DED), caused by the fungusOphiostoma novo‐ulmi, destroyed most of North American and European elm populations in the 20th century. The highly susceptible English elm, also known as Atinian clone, suffered the highest mortality rates during the last pandemic event, probably due to its lack of genetic diversity. To study the DED pathosystem, we inoculated English elm ramets withO. novo‐ulmiand evaluated xylem anatomy, molecular response, and disease symptoms. The high DED susceptibility of the clone was linked to xylem structure. The transcript levels changed significantly for 1,696 genes duringO. novo‐ulmiinvasion. Genes covering different steps of the plant immune system were identified, many of which showed homology withArabidopsis thalianagenes involved in systemic acquired resistance. Induction of several pathogenesis‐related proteins and repression of fasciclin‐like arabinogalactan proteins and other cell wall biosynthesis pathways evidence unbalanced costs between growth and defence mechanisms far from the inoculation point. This study sheds light on elm molecular defence mechanisms against DED.
Variability index of tacrolimus serum levels in pediatric liver transplant recipients younger than 12 years: Non‐adherence or risk of non‐adherence?
Authors: de Oliveira Janete Teresinha Pires , Kieling Carlos Oscar , da Silva Anaís Back , Stefani Joel , Witkowski Maria Carolina , Smidt Camila Ribas , Mariano da Rocha Carolina R , Hirakata Vania Naomi , Grossini Maria da Graça , Zanotelli Maria Lúcia , Gonçalves Vieira Sandra Maria
Published: October 2017

MLVI has been used to assess adherence. To determine the MLVI in children <12 years of age at transplantation and to identify demographic correlates and consequences for the graft. This is a retrospective study of 50 outpatients (4.0 ± 3.5 years), at least 13‐month post‐liver transplantation. The outcomes evaluated were MLVI, ALT > 60 IU/L, ACR, death, and graft loss. We analyzed demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, indication for transplantation, and type of donor. Student's t test and the chi‐square test were used. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ .05. Seventy‐two percent were infants or preschoolers, 62% biliary atresia. Seventy‐four percent of the mothers had middle‐school education, and 54% of the families had an income ≤3632.4 US$/y. Twenty‐two (44%) patients had a MLVI ≥ 2 SD; this was more prevalent in families with higher incomes (P = .045). ALT levels > 60 IU/L were more common in MLVI ≥ 2 SD group (P = .035). ACR episodes were similar between groups (P = 1.000). No patient died or lost the graft. MLVI ≥ 2 SD may be an indicator of the risk of medication non‐adherence.
Donor fainting: risks factors and prevention strategies
Authors: Tiberghien P. , Morand C. , Gross S. , Bosson J.‐L. , Fillet A.‐M.
Published: October 2017

Identifying risk factors as well implementing preventive strategies with regard to fainting or prefainting reactions associated with whole blood donation are important issues for donor safety and retention. To assess fainting risk factors, two retrospective case–control studies of severe immediate and delayed fainting reactions were performed based on the French hemovigilance data collected from 2011 to 2013 and involving close to 9 000 000 donors. In a multivariate analysis, immediate fainting was strongly associated with first‐time donation and young donor age, while delayed fainting was associated with a female gender. Apheresis was a risk factor for occurrence of both immediate and delayed fainting when compared to whole blood donation. To identify and quantify means to reduce immediate and/or delayed fainting risk, we performed a randomized prospective trial in 4576 whole blood donors assessing three different hydration strategies immediately before donation: 500 ml of an isotonic drink versus 500 ml of water and an advice to drink (control arm) immediately before donation, with or without applied muscle tension during donation. Overall, faintness occurred in 5·5% of donations. Compared to the control arm, drinking plain water or an isotonic drink significantly reduced overall faintness occurrence, independently of muscle tension. Furthermore, muscle tension reduced faintness during the donation while an isotonic drink reduced delayed off‐site faintness as well as tiredness. Such findings are in line with suggested mechanisms regarding fainting occurrence. Implementing these preventive approaches should reduce the frequency of overall unacceptable side‐effects of blood donation: faintness and tiredness.
Altered NMDA receptor‐evoked intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in magnocellular neurosecretory neurons of hypertensive rats
Authors: Zhang Meng , Stern Javier E.
Published: October 2017

Key points

NMDA receptor (NMDAR)‐mediated Ca2+ signalling plays a critical role in modulating hypothalamic neurosecretory function. However, whether an altered NMDAR‐evoked changes in Ca2+ (NMDAR‐ΔCa2+) signalling in magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) may contribute to neurohumoral activation during disease states is unknown.

We show that activation of NMDARs evoked similar inward currents in MNCs of sham and renovascular hypertensive (RVH) rats. Despite this, a prolonged and larger NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ response was observed in the latter.

The exacerbated NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ responses in MNCs of RVH rats affected both somatic and dendritic compartments.

Inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium trasport ATPase (SERCA) pump prolonged NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ responses in sham rats, but not in RVH rats.

Our study supports an altered spatiotemporal dynamic of NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ signalling in MNCs from RVH rats, partly due to blunted endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ buffering capacity.

A growing body of evidence supports an elevated NMDA receptor (NMDAR)‐mediated glutamate excitatory function in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of hypertensive rats that contributes to neurohumoral activation in this disease. However, the precise mechanisms underlying altered NMDAR signalling in hypertension remain to be elucidated. In this study, we performed simultaneous electrophysiology and fast confocal Ca2+ imaging to determine whether altered NMDAR‐mediated changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels (NMDAR‐ΔCa2+) occurred in hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) in renovascular hypertensive (RVH) rats. We found that despite evoking a similar excitatory inward current, activation of NMDARs resulted in a larger and prolonged ΔCa2+ in MNCs from RVH rats. Changes in NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ dynamics were observed both in somatic and dendritic compartments. Inhibition of the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium trasport ATPase (SERCA) pump activity with thapsigargin prolonged NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ responses in MNCs of sham rats, but this effect was occluded in RVH rats, thus equalizing the magnitude and time course of the NMDA‐ΔCa2+ responses between the two experimental groups. Taken together, our results support (1) an exacerbated NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ response in somatodendritic compartments of MNCs of RVH rats, and (2) that a blunted ER Ca2+ buffering capacity contributes to the altered NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ dynamics in this condition. Thus, altered spatiotemporal dynamics of the NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ response stands as an underlying mechanism contributing to neurohumoral activation in neurogenic hypertension.
New and interesting oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) near Potchefstroom (South Africa), with description of two new species
Authors: Ermilov Sergey G. , Hugo-Coetzee Elizabeth A. , Khaustov Alexander A. , Theron Pieter D.
Published: October 2017

The present study is based on oribatid mite material (Acari, Oribatida) collected near the city of Potchefstroom in South Africa. A list of identified taxa, including 44 species from 34 genera and 21 families, is presented; of these, five species (Epilohmannia dimorpha, Cultroribula bicuspidata, Suctobelbila fonticula, Protoribates paracapucinus, Galumna baloghi) and one genus (Cultroribula) are recorded in the fauna of South Africa for the first time; one species (Limnozetes palmerae) is recorded in the Ethiopian region for the first time. Two new species belonging to the genera Scheloribates and Galumna are described. Scheloribates (Scheloribates) potchefstroomensis sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to S. (S.) diversidactylus (Hammer, 1961) and Scheloribates (S.) tricarinus Coetzer, 1968, but differs by the bothridial setae with developed heads and porose body surface. Galumna (Galumna) curvifamulus sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to G. (G.) colombiana Ermilov, 2017, but differs by the posteromedial localization of setal alveoli la, tuberculate medioanterior part of prodorsum, striate pteromorphs, smooth subcapitular mentum and the positions of lyrifissures ih and ips. The systematic placement of Urubambates calcaratus Mahunka, 1984 is discussed, resulting in the following taxonomic proposal: Scheloribates calcaratus (Mahunka, 1984) comb. nov.
Double nanoimprint lithography: A technology for effectively reducing feature size
Authors: Ma Xiaohao , Deng Dandan , Cui Dehu
Published: October 2017

Recently, the authors observed ubiquitous polymer chain ordering in polymer micro- and nanostructures patterned by thermal nanoimprint. These polymer materials exhibit chain ordering during melt processing, which indicates that the double nanoimprint technique has been successfully performed. In this work, the authors present the double nanoimprint technique at elevated temperature for reducing the patterning size of thermoplastic functional polymers without the need for excessive imprint pressure, which eventually results in the size decrease in pattern formation. This double nanoimprint technique is a further application of thermal nanoimprint, followed by anisotropy of material properties, such as the refractive index and optical absorption.
Perspectives on the Indigenous Worldviews in Informal Science Education Conference
Authors: Venkatesan Aparna , Burgasser Adam
Published: October 2017

The chronic underrepresentation of Native and indigenous peoples in STEM fields (Fig. 1) has been a longstanding issue in the United States, despite concentrated efforts by many local and national groups, including the Society for Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science (SACNAS) and the American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES) to address it. Here we report on the conference on Indigenous Worldviews in Informal Science Education (I-WISE), convened in Albuquerque, NM, on Sept. 2-5, 2015. We share what we learned on the commonalities and differences in perspectives between indigenous knowledge (IK) and Western science; summarize the role that IK is already playing in scientific fields, ranging from astrophysics to medicine to climate change; and describe how IK can help science education and research be more sustainable, inclusive, and respectful to all peoples.
A New Take on Exploding Carts
Authors: Broder Darren , Burleigh James , Christian Matthew , Mowry Shawn , Hassel George E.
Published: October 2017

The Exploding Carts is a popular introductory physics activity in which a one-dimensional explosion is simulated utilizing two dynamics carts that are pushed apart by a spring-loaded plunger released from one of the carts. Traditional treatments of the Exploding Carts usually involve multiple trials where the mass of one or both of the carts is increased, producing explosions with varying post-explosion speeds (the speed at the instant contact is lost between the carts). The subsequent analysis normally entails comparing post-explosion speeds within a given trial, which leads to the concept of momentum and its conservation. Though generally not emphasized in traditional treatments of the Exploding Carts, it is also an interesting endeavor (and the focus of this paper) to compare post-explosion speeds between different trials. Specifically, the post-explosion speed of a constant mass cart in various trials can be compared to the post-explosion speed of the equal mass explosion (no additional mass added to the carts) as the mass of the other cart is changed.
Scientific Skills and Processes in Curriculum Resources
Authors: Kremer Joe
Published: October 2017

Increasingly, the science education community has recognized the need for curriculum resources that support student development of authentic scientific practices, rather than focusing exclusively on content knowledge. This paper proposes a tool for teachers and researchers to assess the degree to which certain curriculum resources and lessons achieve this goal. After describing a method for reflecting on and categorizing curriculum resources, I apply the method to highlight differences across three teaching methods: Modeling Instruction, Physics Union Mathematics, and a traditional, lecture-based approach.
Influence of 2-Weeks Ingestion of High Chlorogenic Acid Coffee on Mood State, Performance, and Postexercise Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Nieman David C. , Goodman Courtney L. , Capps Christopher R. , Shue Zack L. , Arnot Robert
Published: October 2017

This study measured the influence of 2-weeks ingestion of high chlorogenic acid (CQA) coffee on postexercise inflammation and oxidative stress, with secondary outcomes including performance and mood state. Cyclists (N = 15) were randomized to CQA coffee or placebo (300 ml/day) for 2 weeks, participated in a 50-km cycling time trial, and then crossed over to the opposite condition with a 2-week washout period. Blood samples were collected pre- and postsupplementation, and immediately postexercise. CQA coffee was prepared using the Turkish method with 30 g lightly roasted, highly ground Hambela coffee beans in 300 ml boiling water, and provided 1,066 mg CQA and 474 mg caffeine versus 187 mg CQA and 33 mg caffeine for placebo. Plasma caffeine was higher with CQA coffee versus placebo after 2-weeks (3.3-fold) and postexercise (21.0-fold) (interaction effect, p < .001). Higher ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) levels were measured after exercise with CQA coffee versus placebo (p = .01). No differences between CQA coffee and placebo were found for postexercise increases in plasma IL-6 (p = .74) and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (9 + 13 HODEs) (p = .99). Total mood disturbance (TMD) scores were lower with CQA coffee versus placebo (p = .04). 50-km cycling time performance and power did not differ between trials, with heart rate and ventilation higher with CQA coffee, especially after 30 min. In summary, despite more favorable TMD scores with CQA coffee, these data do not support the chronic use of coffee highly concentrated with chlorogenic acids and caffeine in mitigating postexercise inflammation or oxidative stress or improving 50-km cycling performance.
Perceived Motor Competence in Childhood: Comparative Study Among Countries
Authors: Feitoza Anderson Henry Pereira , Henrique Rafael dos Santos , Barnett Lisa M. , Ré Alessandro Hervaldo Nicolai , Lopes Vítor Pires , Webster E. Kipling , Robinson Leah E. , Cavalcante Wivianne A. , Cattuzzo Maria Teresa
Published: October 2017

Perceived motor competence (PMC) is a psychological construct that may be influenced by various environmental factors. This study aimed to analyze differences in PMC of children from four diverse countries. The sample was comprised of 231 Brazilian, 129 Australian, 140 Portuguese, and 114 American children, aged 5–8 years. The PMC was assessed using the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Young Children. Differences in PMC among countries were verified using Kruskal-Wallis tests, separately by age and gender. For girls (from the age of six), differences were found in the leap, slide, hit, and catch, as well as the sum of object control skills and total score. For boys, differences were found among countries in the gallop, jump, slide, hit, catch, and roll, as well as the sum of locomotor and object control skills, and the total skill score. Overall, American children seem to perceive themselves more competent compared to children from other countries. Leisure and sport activities in each country may influence the construction of PMC.
The Bigger the Hand, the Bigger the Difference? Implications for Testing Strength With 2 Popular Handgrip Dynamometers
Authors: Abe Takashi , Loenneke Jeremy P. , Thiebaud Robert S. , Loftin Mark
Published: October 2017

Context: Studies developed the frail elderly handgrip strength (HGS) diagnostic criteria using multiple types of handgrip dynamometers. If different handgrip dynamometers report different values, then this would have the potential to misclassify people into the wrong diagnostic category. Objective: To examine the characteristics of HGS measured by 2 standard handgrip dynamometers and to investigate the influence of hand size on HGS. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: A total of 87 young and middle-aged adults between the ages of 20 and 60 years participated in this study. Main Outcome Measures: Standard methods of HGS measurements were used for hydraulic and Smedley spring-type dynamometers, although the participants were instructed to maintain an upright standing position in both tests. Results: Test–retest reliability of hydraulic and Smedley dynamometers provided comparable results to that observed with previous studies. However, the difference in HGS between the 2 dynamometers (Hydraulic–Smedley difference) was positively associated (r = .670, P < .001) with the mean of the 2 dynamometers. The participants who had relatively low HGS (at least <35 kg) produced similar HGS values when the 2 dynamometers were compared, whereas persons who had relatively higher HGS (at least >45 kg) produced greater strength values with the hydraulic compared with the Smedley. The hand and palm lengths were weakly correlated (r = .349 and r = .358, respectively, both Ps < .001) with the difference in HGS between the 2 dynamometers. Conclusions: Test–retest reliability of hydraulic and Smedley dynamometers provides comparable results to previous studies. However, the difference in HGS between the 2 dynamometers was positively associated with the mean of the 2 dynamometers. This Hydraulic–Smedley difference would not affect persons who have relatively low HGS (at least <35 kg), while when HGS is relatively high, the comparison between dynamometers should be done with caution.
Exploring NCAA Division I Athletic Administrator Perceptions of Male and Female Athletic Directors’ Achievements: A Photo Elicitation Study
Authors: Comeaux Eddie , Martin Adam
Published: October 2017

This study employed the concept of hegemonic masculinity as an interpretive framework to explore NCAA Division I athletic administrator perceptions regarding the professional accomplishments of male and female athletic directors. Using photo elicitation methodology, athletic administrators (e.g., athletic directors, academic advisors/counselors for athletes, and coaches) responded to a photograph of and vignette about either a male or female athletic director. This study found that while some athletic administrators were supportive of the achievements of both male and female athletic directors, some subscribed to hegemonic masculinity, gendered stereotypes, and homologous reproduction. These findings have implications for stakeholders in the affairs of athletics who are committed to creating more equitable athletic environments.
Continued Participation of Adolescent Males in Rugby Union: Stakeholders’ Perspectives
Authors: Sellars Paul A. , Mellalieu Stephen D. , Knight Camilla J.
Published: October 2017

This study explored stakeholders’ perceptions of Welsh adolescent participation in rugby union. A Straussian grounded-theory approach was adopted and data collection was conducted via semistructured interviews with 15 individuals involved in Welsh adolescent rugby union. Data were analyzed through open and axial coding procedures and theoretical integration. Stakeholders perceived that continued rugby participation resulted from a positive evaluation of one’s participation in the sport and one’s ability to cope with the demands experienced throughout transitions during adolescence. Overall, the findings provide a substantive grounded theory of stakeholders’ perceptions of continued adolescent participation in Welsh rugby union, and applied implications, in an aim to promote continued sport participation.
A cosmic multimessenger gold rush
Authors: Bloom Joshua S. , Sigurdsson Steinn
Published: October 2017

Merging neutron stars provide an electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational waves
Maternal body mass index and the prevalence of spontaneous and elective preterm deliveries in an Irish obstetric population: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vinturache Angela , McKeating Aoife , Daly Niamh , Sheehan Sharon , Turner Michael
Published: October 2017

Objective

To estimate the association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (sPTD) and elective preterm delivery (ePTD) in singleton and multiple pregnancies.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Electronic records of all deliveries from 2009 through 2013 in a tertiary university hospital were abstracted for demographic and obstetrical information.

Participants

A total of 38 528 deliveries were included. Participants with missing data were excluded from the study. BMI was calculated from the measurement of height and weight at the first prenatal visit and categorised. Sonographic confirmation of gestational age was standard.

Outcome measures

Primary outcomes, sPTD and ePTD in singleton and multiple pregnancies, were evaluated by multinomial logistic regression analyses, stratified by parity, controlling for confounding variables.

Results

Overall rate of PTD was 5.9%, from which 2.7% were sPTD and 3.2% ePTD. The rate of PTD was 50.4% in multiple pregnancies and 5.0% in singleton pregnancies. The risk of sPTD was increased in obese nulliparas (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.8, 95% CI 1.7 to 4.4) and underweight multiparas (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.8). The risk of ePTD was increased in underweight nulliparas (aOR 1.8; 95% CI 1.04 to 3.4) and severely obese multiparas (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.8).

Severe obesity increased the risk of both sPTD (aOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.1) and ePTD (aOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8) in singleton pregnancies. Obesity did not influence the rate of either sPTD or ePTD in multiple pregnancies.

Conclusion

Maternal obesity is an independent risk factor for PTD in singleton pregnancies but not in multiple pregnancies. Obesity and nulliparity increase the risk of sPTD, whereas obesity and multiparity increase the risk of ePTD.
Incidence, duration and cost of futile treatment in end-of-life hospital admissions to three Australian public-sector tertiary hospitals: a retrospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Carter Hannah E , Winch Sarah , Barnett Adrian G , Parker Malcolm , Gallois Cindy , Willmott Lindy , White Ben P , Patton Mary Anne , Burridge Letitia , Salkield Gayle , Close Eliana , Callaway Leonie , Graves Nicholas
Published: October 2017

Objectives

To estimate the incidence, duration and cost of futile treatment for end-of-life hospital admissions.

Design

Retrospective multicentre cohort study involving a clinical audit of hospital admissions.

Setting

Three Australian public-sector tertiary hospitals.

Participants

Adult patients who died while admitted to one of the study hospitals over a 6-month period in 2012.

Main outcome measures

Incidences of futile treatment among end-of-life admissions; length of stay in both ward and intensive care settings for the duration that patients received futile treatments; health system costs associated with futile treatments; monetary valuation of bed days associated with futile treatment.

Results

The incidence rate of futile treatment in end-of-life admissions was 12.1% across the three study hospitals (range 6.0%–19.6%). For admissions involving futile treatment, the mean length of stay following the onset of futile treatment was 15 days, with 5.25 of these days in the intensive care unit. The cost associated with futile bed days was estimated to be $AA12.4 million for the three study hospitals using health system costs, and $A988 000 when using a decision maker’s willingness to pay for bed days. This was extrapolated to an annual national health system cost of $A153.1 million and a decision maker’s willingness to pay of $A12.3 million.

Conclusions

The incidence rate and cost of futile treatment in end-of-life admissions varied between hospitals. The overall impact was substantial in terms of both the bed days and cost incurred. An increased awareness of these economic costs may generate support for interventions designed to reduce futile treatments. We did not include emotional hardship or pain and suffering, which represent additional costs.
Expression of macrophage genes within skeletal muscle correlates inversely with adiposity and insulin resistance in humans
Authors: Liu Dongmei , Morales Flor Elisa , IglayReger Heidi. B. , Treutelaar Mary K. , Rothberg Amy E. , Hubal Monica J. , Nadler Evan P. , Robidoux Jacques , Barakat Hisham , Horowitz Jeffrey F. , Hoffman Eric P. , Burant Charles F. , Gordon Paul M.
Published: October 2017

Local inflammation in obese adipose tissue has been shown to contribute to insulin resistance; however, the role of macrophage infiltration within skeletal muscle is still debatable. This study aimed to evaluate the association of skeletal muscle macrophage gene expression with adiposity levels and insulin sensitivity in obese patients. Twenty-two nondiabetic obese patients and 23 healthy lean controls were included. Obese patients underwent a 3-month weight loss intervention. Macrophage gene expression in skeletal muscle (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and insulin sensitivity (homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) and oral glucose tolerance test) were compared between groups and their associations were analyzed. To validate skeletal muscle findings, we repeated the analyses with macrophage gene expression in adipose tissue. Expression levels of macrophage genes (CD68, CD11b, CD206, CD16, CD40, and CD163) were lower in skeletal muscle tissue of obese versus lean participants. Macrophage gene expression was also found to be inversely associated with adiposity, fasting insulin, and HOMA (r = −0.4 ∼ −0.6, p < 0.05), as well as positively associated with insulin sensitivity (r = 0.4 ∼ 0.8, p < 0.05). On the other hand, adipose tissue macrophage gene expression showed higher levels in obese versus lean participants, presenting a positive association with adiposity levels. Macrophage gene expression, in both skeletal and adipose tissue samples, was only minimally affected by the weight loss intervention. In contrast with the established positive relationship between adiposity and macrophage gene expression, an unexpected inverse correlation between these 2 variables was observed in skeletal muscle tissue. Additionally, muscle macrophage gene expression was inversely correlated with insulin resistance.
Site and tree factors determining the distribution of Phellinus tremulae in Populus tremuloides in Utah, USA
Authors: Koide Roger T. , Watkins John , Ricks Kevin , Aranda Emily , Nettles Rachel M. , Yokum Hannah , Yin Na , Clark Eliza
Published: October 2017

Populus tremuloides Michx. is an iconic tree of the mountains of the western United States. In Utah, it very commonly suffers from white trunk rot caused by Phellinus tremulae (Bondartsev) Bondartsev & P.N.Borisov. The incidence of this disease is affected by tree and site characteristics, but the magnitude of these effects appears to be site-dependent. To minimize harvest wood loss in Utah, we determined the locally important factors that explain the wide variation in the incidence of sporocarps of Phellinus tremulae. To avoid confounding of factors, we utilized a multiple regression approach. We found that while the incidence of Phellinus tremulae sporocarps on quaking aspen was always low at high elevations, it was variable at low elevations. Our logistic regression model indicated that variation in the incidence of sporocarps at low elevations was attributable, in part, to variation in aspect, slope, environmental stress, and tree age and size. Based on these results, we recommend that harvesting at elevations below 2500 m be confined to younger trees or to sites on relatively steep, north-facing slopes. Because of site-dependency, the same general method could be used to establish harvesting criteria in other regions.
Late Precambrian ignimbrites on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland
Authors: Papezik V. S.
Published: October 2017

The predominantly volcanic Harbour Main Group of Late Precambrian age, forming a broad northerly trending belt in the central part of the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland, includes some well-developed ignimbrites. The ignimbrite sequence, best exposed in the western part of the volcanic belt, consists of ash-flow tuffs intercalated with tuff–breccias of various origins and minor volcanigenic sediments. Some of the ignimbrite sheets are densely welded, with distinct eutaxitic structures. Although the original glass is recrystallized, shard outlines are perfectly preserved and fragments of obsidian and perlite can be recognized; albite crystals are abundant, and quartz, augite, and biotite are present locally. The ignimbrites have been folded, faulted, and are now almost vertical. In composition, they range from rhyolites to dacites and are distinctly sodic.It is suggested that the ignimbrites may be derived from the gas-charged upper part of a granitic magma intruded into a pre-existing part of the Harbour Main volcanic pile; the lower, gas-poor part of the magma may have formed the present discordant "Holyrood batholith" of the Avalon Peninsula.
Calculation of the diopside–fluorite eutectic using ionic models. Comments on 'The system CaF2 – CaMgSi2O6'
Authors: Shaw Denis M. , Gibson Shirley M.
Published: October 2017

Five models of the liquid state have been used to calculate the liquidus curves and the eutectic point in the simple binary system diopside–fluorite. None predicts adequately the recent experimental results of Lin and Burley.
Longshore variations in longshore currents
Authors: Keeley J. R. , Bowen A. J.
Published: October 2017

The mean longshore currents in the surf zone were measured along more than 1 km of a beach. These measurements were compared to a theoretical model of the system in which the current depends on the angle of incidence of the incoming waves and the longshore variation in both wave height and breaker angle. A wave refraction programme was used to compute the values of wave height and breaker angle every 100 m along the beach from the measured values of wave period and deep water wave direction. In general, the large scale variation of currents along the beach was well described by the theory. However, superimposed upon these large scales of motion were fairly regular, small-scale circulation cells which are probably associated with edge waves at the incoming wave frequency.
The northwest portion of the Gander Zone — a geophysical interpretation
Authors: Miller H. G. , Weir H. C.
Published: October 2017

Geophysical data from the northwestern portion of the Gander Zone of Newfoundland are used to test existing geological models and to propose amended ones for the upper crustal structure of the region. The eastern geophysical boundary of in situ Paleozoic oceanic crustal material associated with the Iapetus Ocean is interpreted to be the GRUB line. An enigmatic anomaly belt in the Gander Group east of the GRUB line is identified and modelled. Three hypotheses are advanced for its origin, none of which can be eliminated on simple geophysical grounds. This anomaly belt is interpreted to present obducted ophiolitic materials emplaced in the continental rise prism represented by the Gander Group sediments.
Application of statistical methods to forecasting of natural groundwater tables
Authors: Zaltsberg E.
Published: October 2017

Several statistical methods that can be used for forecasting the groundwater table regime are described in this paper. The choice of the method depends on: duration of observation period; hydrogeological conditions, especially degree of drainage and lithological contents of vadose and saturated zones; and duration of the lead period.
The geochemistry of the Turriff metavolcanics, Grenville Province, southeastern Ontario
Authors: Holm P. E. , Smith T. E. , Grant B. D. , Huang C. H.
Published: October 2017

Fifty-seven samples of the Turriff metavolcanic sequence from the Hastings region of the Grenville Province have been chemically analyzed. Ten major-element oxides and ten trace-element values for each sample were determined by standard X-ray fluorescence techniques. The sampled sections consist predominantly of mafic flows, subordinate intermediate flows, and minor felsic flows and pyroclastics. The sequence has been regionally metamorphosed to lower amphibolite facies. The geochemical data indicate that the metavolcanics represent a tholeiitic mafic–silicic bimodal sequence. Immobile-element discriminant diagrams indicate that the Turriff metabasalts are most similar to recent oceanic ridge basalts, whereas the metabasalts from other published studies of Grenville metavolcanics have an island-arc tholeiite affinity. However, because of the many chemical similarities between continental and oceanic ridge tholeiites, the bimodal nature of the sequence, and the field relationships, it is most likely that the eruption of the Turriff metavolcanics was associated with the rifting of continental crust, perhaps leading to the development of a marginal sea.
Review of radiometric data from the Yukon Crystalline Terrane, Alaska and Yukon Territory
Authors: Wilson Frederic H. , Smith James G. , Shew Nora
Published: October 2017

The results of more than 20 years of geochronological studies in the Yukon Crystalline Terrane in east-central Alaska and the western Yukon Territory suggest at least six igneous and thermal (metamorphic?) events. Plutonism during Mississippian, Early Jurassic, mid-Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous, and early Tertiary times is indicated. Evidence also indicates that Mississippian, Early Jurassic, late Early Cretaceous, and late Cretaceous thermal (metamorphic?) events have affected parts of the terrane. The western part of the terrane was affected by a significant regional metamorphic event in late Early Cretaceous time, followed by a terrane-wide mid-Cretaceous plutonic event. The pattern of K–Ar ages allows division of the terrane into domains, bounded by northeast-trending lineaments.
U–Pb geochronology of the Coldwell Complex, northwestern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Turek A. , Smith Patrick E. , Symons D. T. A.
Published: October 2017

The Coldwell Complex gives a U–Pb zircon age of 1188 ± 56 Ma, a U–Pb tritomite age of 1126 ± 6 Ma, and a Pb–Pb potash feldspar age of 1139 ± 55 Ma. These ages are all significantly older than the previously published Rb–Sr and K–Ar ages. We interpret these ages as follows: (1) emplacement of the complex at 1188 Ma as part of the initial stages of the Keweenawan rifting event at depth; (2) slow cooling leading to closure of the U and Pb systems in tritomite and potash feldspar between 1139 and 1126 Ma; and (3) continued slow cooling leading to closure of the Rb–Sr system in the complex at an average age of 1053 ± 10 Ma and of the K–Ar system at ~1035 Ma.
Petrology, petrography, and crystallization history of intrusive phases related to the Hall (Nevada Moly) molybdenum deposit, Nye County, Nevada
Authors: Shaver Stephen A.
Published: October 2017

Each of the two quartz monzonite porphyry intrusions that form the Hall stock contains four phases concentrically zoned from fine-grained, groundmass-rich, silicic (70–73 wt. % SiO2) phases at the top and margin toward deeper phases that are progressively coarser, more equigranular, and richer in plagioclase and biotite (68–72 wt. % SiO2). In each stock, the depthwise decrease in groundmass is not continuous but is interrupted by flow-foliated, gradational contacts (at 60–70, 50, and 10 vol. % groundmass) at or above which concentrations of quartz–molybdenite veins and (or) other SiO2-rich features are common. Magma supercooling is documented by quartz–K-feldspar dendrites and crenulate quartz layers at phase contacts. Rare sharp contacts and xenoliths document that all phases are temporally distinct, with earliest phases at the top and margin and progressively later phases inward and with depth. However, gradational contacts, concentricity of phases, and unidirectionality of textural–compositional zoning argue that each stock developed from a single magma column whose progressively inward crystallization was episodically interrupted by the release of molybdenum-bearing fluids to produce stacked orebodies. Conductive heat-loss modeling indicates that each stock took ≤ 1130 years to (i) cool to solidus temperature (740–750 °C) and (ii) form three distinct molybdenum shells. Not only is progressively deeper fluid release from concentrically zoned textural phases of a single magma column previously undocumented, but also the short cooling interval in each stock implies very rapid rates of volatile migration in these systems and thus very rapid development of vertical compositional gradients.