bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Greeks as an alien minority at the outset of Ethiopia’s economic development, 1880–1910
Authors: Natsoulas Theodore
Published: January 2014

Between 1880 and 1910, Greeks constituted one of the largest foreign ethnic communities in Ethiopia and as such they played an important role in the modernization efforts of Emperor Menilik II (1889–1913). During his reign, Ethiopia’s modern economic development had its rudimentary beginnings when, with the participation of resident foreigners, he embarked on an ambitious, although haphazard program to raise his country’s material standards. The Italian defeat at Adua in 1896 not only secured Ethiopian independence, but the absence of a single colonial ruler enabled Menilik to seek among various foreign groups the skills and resources necessary for economic development which were then lacking among the indigenous population. Greek participation in construction, internal and external commerce, and in petty retailing contributed to the foundation of Ethiopia’s economic growth in the twentieth century.
Cherson and the conversion of Rus’: an anti-revisionist view
Authors: Obolensky Dimitri
Published: January 2014

The story of the conversion to Byzantine Christianity of Prince Vladimir of Kiev and of many of his subjects has, in the accounts of most modern historians, conformed more or less to the following pattern. In the summer of 987 the rebellious general Bardas Phocas, master of most of Asia Minor, proclaimed himself emperor, and marched on Constantinople. The legitimate emperor, Basil II, was in a desperate position. Some time during that same summer he sent an embassy to Kiev with an urgent request for help. By the terms of a treaty they had concluded with the Empire in 971, the Russians were bound to give the Byzantines military assistance in case of need. Vladimir sent him a contingent of six thousand Varangian soldiers. This expeditionary force, which arrived on Byzantine territory in the spring of 988, saved Basil II, who defeated his rival in the battles of Chrysopolis and Abydos. The second of these battles was fought on 13 April, 989.
The pleasures of the chase: a motif in Digenes Akrites
Authors: Ricks David
Published: January 2014

Thanks to the work of Stylianos Alexiou, the Escorial version of Digenes Akrites (hereafter ‘E’) has taken its rightful place as part of the heroic poetry of medieval Christendom. Even if the claim for E’s priority over the Grottaferrata version (G) does not meet with universal acceptance, E is at least in the field as an alternative. There are, perhaps, three main types of argument against the priority of G. The first is that the linguistic idiom betrays a second-order, solecistic ‘translation’ of a work in a less learned language; the second is that E has preserved proper names, military terms and so on which derive from the Eastern borders and which have been lost in G. Both of these have been expounded by Alexiou in some detail. A third type of argument might concentrate on what we may call the ethos of the E version as distinct from that of G, and one small detail of this is the subject of this note.
Bits, bytes and the Byzantinist: databases reviewed
Authors: Hampton Brenda
Published: January 2014

A computer is a machine which can receive, store, manipulate and yield up information. The use of computers can be traced back to C.1812 when Charles Babbage conceived his first main idea for automatic computation, but it is clear that development has been rapid and widespread especially in the last 20 years. Computers were originally developed for performing numerical calculations. However, although most forms of information can be translated into numbers, it is important to realise that computing today is no longer confined to numerical work. One of the most interesting and significant developments of the use of computers to research and teaching in the humanities is the growing body of material which has been put into machine-readable form. For example, censuses, parish registers, wills and accounts have been input to a computer, increasingly in the form of a structured database.
What is Orality — if Anything?
Authors: Finnegan Ruth
Published: January 2014

‘A challenging start to the Colloquium’ was what the organiser asked for, in the form of a critique of one of its key terms. This is what this paper endeavours to supply. I suspect it has turned out not quite as provocative as the title sounds, but it does attempt to provide some critical assessment of, and background to, the much-discussed concept of ‘orality’, presented from the viewpoint of an anthropologist long interested in the study of oral literature and poetry. Most of the discussion will be in general terms, but I will illustrate my points from time to time by examples from my own fieldwork in West Africa.
The imperial panels at San Vitale: a reconsideration
Authors: Barber Charles
Published: January 2014

The imperial panels at San Vitale, Ravenna play a prominent role in Byzantine art history. These mosaics have engendered a lengthy bibliography, much of it dedicated to interpreting the possible connotations of these works. There has been debate over the nature of the ceremonial depicted, over the relationship of these panels to the rest of the programme of decoration within the church and over the representation of imperial power. This paper will argue that a consideration of gender, as represented in these panels, can add to our understanding of these important works of art and the social climate which produced them.
Dancing With Deconstructionists in the Gardens of the Muses: New Literary History vs?
Authors: Mullett Margaret
Published: January 2014

In 1981 I noted that Byzantine literature has never had a good press, least of all from its own students. It was not hard to document this assertion.
Recent work on Procopius and the composition of Wars VIII
Authors: Greatrex Geoffrey
Published: January 2014

This article offers a survey of research on Procopius over the last six years as well as going into detail on certain disputed questions in Procopian scholarship; special attention is paid to the discussion of the Buildings in Antiquité Tardive 8 (2000). In particular, the author argues in detail for dating Wars VIII to 552 and for maintaining an early date for the composition of the Buildings. He upholds the traditional view of Procopius as a lawyer, rather than as a military engineer, and notes the failure of the notion of genre as a method of resolving the discrepancies between Procopius’ works.
Whither Arab-Byzantine numismatics? A review of fifty years’ research
Authors: Oddy Andrew
Published: January 2014

The coins struck or used in Syria during the seventh century are a potential source for historians relating to a geographical area that has left few contemporary sources relevant to the administration of the area in the years following the Persian conquest of AD 611. The coins should have the ability to shed light on fiscal administration and regional or local government, but they remain little known to historians and there has been no recent comprehensive synthesis of the coinage of this period. Two catalogues (Ilisch, 1993; Album and Goodwin, 2002) have laid many coins before the non-specialist, but they are restricted to the holdings of the particular museums and do not present a complete picture.
The Cut & Construction of Women's Dresses 1890–1914
Authors: Arnold Janet
Published: January 2014

When I was asked to provide an article from my talk on the cut and construction of women's dresses during "La Belle Epoque", 1890–1914, I decided to concentrate on the general view of the changing line and the methods of achieving it, rather than attempting to discuss pattern cutting, a technical subject which needed a great many illustrations to make it comprehensible during the lecture. Notes and diagrams of the cut of a selection of dresses from the London Museum were given to all members of the course, and references were frequently made to these and dresses in other collections during the talk.
Sartorial Facts and Fashions of the Early 1890s
Authors: Whife A.A.
Published: January 2014

It is true to say that the concluding decade of the nineteenth century was a rather nondescript period so far as clothes were concerned. There was little in the way of fashion innovation – in either the masculine or the feminine sphere. Indeed, there had been but few basic changes in the style and cut of clothes for men and women in the latter part of the 1880s, a period in which a certain severity of dress was to be found. The comparatively small ranges of materials and the somewhat restricted variety of their patterns may well have contributed to this. Greys, blues and browns – mostly in plain design and of darkish shade – were almost universal at that time.
Military Costume 1830-1860
Authors: Edmonds Daphne
Published: January 2014

During the long peace following Waterloo, the uniforms of the British Army became less functional and more ornamental. The military tailors eagerly imitated many dress details of the victorious European armies and the clothing became stiffer, tighter and therefore, more formal. It was designed for wear on parade rather than on the battlefield.
‘whythe bendys a-bove hyr harnys’: An Investigation into the ‘Bend’ as a Part of Fifteenth-Century Military Clothing
Authors: Key David
Published: January 2014

Initially presented to the Costume Society Symposium ‘Arms and the Man’ in 1999
The state of the Arc: Differential Rates of Adoption of GIS for European Heritage Management
Authors: Sanjuán Leonardo García , Wheatley David W.
Published: January 2014

Although much has been written about the use of information technologies for the management of archaeological resources at a national level, there has been little published discussion of the problems and opportunities that are apparent at the supra-national scale. In this paper, we consider the historical development and current state of database management systems and, more recently, geographic information systems in the management of archaeological information at a European scale. We review the development of archaeological inventories, from paper-based records to complex computer-based systems, and then consider the situation throughout Europe, taking account of archaeological needs as well as the administrative, social and political context. Our study reveals that, despite widespread acknowledgement of the advantages of such technologies, GIS has not been rapidly or consistently deployed. A very wide variety of systems and standards currently exists throughout the community, a situation which is explained through reference to the separate historical development of archaeological management structures in the different countries. We identify a number of common issues that recur wherever GIS has been applied to the management of archaeological inventories. Particular attention is drawn to historical and logistical issues, the availability of technological skills, geo-referencing, the spatial definition of the archaeological evidence and the definition of analytical concepts within archaeological management.
Ritual and Rationality: Some Problems of Interpretation in European Archaeology
Authors: Brück Joanna
Published: January 2014

This paper argues that the conception of ritual employed in both archaeology and anthropology is a product of post-Enlightenment rationalism. Because it does not meet modern western criteria for practical action, ritual is frequently described as non-functional and irrational; furthermore, this designation is employed as the primary way of identifying ritual archaeologically. However, this evaluation of ritual action must be questioned. Contemporary modes of categorizing human practice are not untainted by socio-political interest but enable the reproduction of certain forms of power. It is argued that many other societies do not distinguish ritual from secular action. In fact, what anthropologists identify as ritual is generally considered practical and effective action by its practitioners. This is because different conceptions of instrumentality and causation inform such activities. For archaeologists, use of the concept of ritual has resulted in a serious misapprehension of prehistoric rationality such that ‘secular’ activities (for example subsistence practices) are assumed to be governed by a universally-applicable functionalist logic. In order to address this problem, what is required is an approach that explores the essential difference between prehistoric rationality and our own notions of what is effective action. A discussion of some finds from middle Bronze Age settlements in southern England will provide a working example of how one might begin to move towards this goal.
Social and monumental space in Neolithic Thessaly, Greece
Authors: Nanoglou Stratos
Published: January 2014

The article considers the ways in which material culture and especially architecture is used in the negotiation of social relationships in Neolithic settlements in Thessaly, Greece. Thus it reconstructs the possibilities past agents had to form an identity in relation to houses and subsequently the consequences of two different habitation strategies, i.e. rebuilding on the same spot or relocation to another area, in relation to the conceptualization of time and the past. It is suggested that the different entanglement of memories with the material culture played an important role in the negotiation of relationships, by allowing agents to use the past as cultural capital and, even more, in the late Neolithic, to appropriate its reference points spatially and thus lay preferential claims over it.
Russian Library History in a European Context
Authors: Volodin Boris Fedorovich
Published: January 2014

The changed political circumstances in the former Soviet Union mean that Russian library historians need to re-assess their priorities in deciding what, and how, they should now study in their subject. The teaching of library history in Russia is compared to the situation in other countries, particularly Germany. This paper was published in Russian in the first issue of the serial, Istoriia Bibliotek: Issledovaniia, Materialy, Dokumenti (St. Petersburg: Rossiiskana Natsional'naia Biblioteka, I996) 11–22. The author's own translation has been edited, and the text slightly updated, by Peter Hoare.
The Universal Library as Modern Utopia: the Information Society of H. G. Wells
Authors: Muddiman Dave
Published: January 2014

H. G. Wells (1866–1946) was throughout his life fascinated by the civilising potential of library and information networks, in particular their potential for the universal dissemination of knowledge. In the 1920s and 1930s Wells developed various plans for a new type of universal library which he referred to successively as ‘Bibleof civilisation’, ‘World encyclopaedia’, ‘World brain’, and ‘World mind’. Some recent commentators have been tempted to see these as blueprints for contemporary information society and the information superhighway. This paper takes a less speculative approach and argues that Wells's writings about information and knowledge are much more historically specific. It traces his interest in information from his early support for the public library movement through to his encyclopaedism and later technological and bureaucratic utopianism. It concludes that Wells envisioned a information society very different to that promised by the Internet. The ‘World brain’ is, it is claimed, a ‘modern’ utopia in a more precise and historically specific sense: it tells us little about the future but much more about perceptions and ideologies of information and knowledge in early twentieth century Britain.
Travelling Hopefully: Progress and the Nineteenth Century Public Library
Authors: Jenkinson Penelope
Published: January 2014

Public libraries today are under the auspices of the Department of National Heritage. Many are now administered by local authority heritage departments. The word ‘heritage’ invokes the past, it implies that we should look back for our inspiration. Recently there have been suggestions that recalling the past and revisiting ‘the vision of our forefathers’1 recapturing ‘the spirit of dedication and evangelism of the founding fathers of British public libraries’2 might help to bring about a renaissance of the ‘public library movement’.3 This paper takes a brief look at the vision of those founding fathers. It was originally delivered at the Library History Group's ‘Libraries and Modernity’ conference held at Manchester in June 1997.
Report on Luton Public Library (1908)
Authors: Jast L. Stanley
Published: January 2014

Louis Stanley jast (1868 – 1944) was one of the most progressive and respected public librarians of his day. As Chief Librarian of Croydon, and later of Manchester, and as a writer on the advantages of libraries, he exercised a considerable influence over his contemporaries.1 In 1908 he was invited by Luton Borough Council to examine and report on the state of their public library. Luton was hardly a go-ahead library authoritY, but the Council was willing to take advice and act upon it. Luton Library had a curious history. Established by the Council in 1877, with a new building opened in 1883, the Public Libraries Acts were not adopted until 1894, by which time only a resolution of the Council was necessary. The Library relied purely on money raised from wellwishers. As a consequence the stock was small and poor, and initially only subscribers could borrow books. The first librarian, David Wootton, had been hired as a caretaker, and ‘librarianship’ was exercised by its Committee.

Jast's views are clear in this report and show him well in the vanguard of contemporary library thinking. He opposed the purchasing of newspapers and the provision of separate reading rooms for ladies, and favoured open access and card catalogues, all contentious topics in their time. Within days of receiving Jast's report the Committee had applied to Andrew Carnegie for funds for a new library. This was granted, the unqualified chief librarian was dispensed with, and, in a new building, Jast's recommendations could be implemented. Luton soon had a public library to be proud of.2 Jast's printed, but previously unpublished, report is a revealing source for the history of the Edwardian public library, both as it was in reality and as it ought to be,according to one of the leading practioners of the day.
Gladstone and Public Libraries
Authors: Glasgow Eric
Published: January 2014

W. E. Gladstone is often described as the ‘Grand Old Man’ of Victorian politics but could equally be called a ‘Grand Old Bookman’. He loved books throughout his life, and this interest included libraries as well. He was an admirer of that arch-promoter of public libraries, William Ewart, and often spoke out in favour of libraries. He himself, in his retirement, transferred his own personal library at Hawarden to Trustees to become the famous St Deiniol's Library. This paper looks at Gladstone's interest in books and libraries.
The Historical Context of Arabic Translation, Learning, and the Libraries of Medieval Andalusia
Authors: Prince Chris
Published: January 2014

Examines the convergence of technological, political and inter-cultural factors which led to the development of a rich literary culture and strong library institutions in Moslem-occupied Spain between A.D. 800–1150. Attention, in particular, is paid to the movement of scholarly texts from centres in Greece, through Syria and Persia, and their eventual migration into the Arabic scholarly canon by ninth to tenth centuries. This, in turn, helped form many of the strategies Moslem librarians used for organizing their collections, whose materials had grown exponentially with the Arabs early introduction to paper-making in the mid-eighth century. Spain under Arab rule would later benefit from these early developments, as well as act as a vital conduit for the book arts into medieval Europe.
Filling the Shelves at Montacute
Authors: Moore Jo
Published: January 2014

When Montacute House in Somerset was acquired by the National Trust, it lacked furniture, including books. This article tells how books from Brockhampton House in Herefordshire were employed to fill the shelves.
A Fault-Line in Library History: Charles Goss, The Society of Public Librarians, and ‘The Battle of the Books’ in the Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Johansen Michelle
Published: January 2014

This paper will commence with a brief professional life of Charles Goss (librarian at London's Bishopsgate Institute from 1897 until 1941), focusing chiefly on his strenuous efforts to maximize public access to literature, information and knowledge throughout his career. It will point out that these efforts have been altogether eclipsed over time, obscured in library history accounts by a reductive preoccupation with Goss's trenchant and outspoken opposition to open access during the so-called ‘Battle of the Books’. A short description of this battle follows, paying particular attention to the ‘ridiculous’ views held by the losing side. This perspective has been neglected in the past largely because victory for open access was, eventually, so complete. Yet an assessment of the arguments of such pro-indicator stalwarts as Goss and some of his fellow professionals in the Society of Public Librarians exposes, among other things, the sheer impotence of those in the profession who attempted to oppose or criticize Library Association practise and management during the late nineteenth century. This paper will state that the frustrating experience of the Society of Public Librarians was merely symptomatic of a wider malaise, a prelude to what would eventually become a deep-seated fault-line in public library history. Put succinctly, there has been an absolute failure to recognize (let alone to accommodate or allow for) the fact that the inevitably narrow and partial interests of the Library Association have alone set the agenda for library history writing for more than a century.
Information History and the Information Professional
Authors: Black Alistair
Published: January 2014

The author discusses the emergent field of information history and explains how it can help us understand the past development and identity of information professionalism and its links with the more traditional field of librarianship.
A Treasured Legacy: Hebrew Manuscripts at the Bodleiana
Authors: Kahn Roger S.
Published: January 2014

The collection of three thousand Hebrew manuscripts at the Bodleian Library in Oxford is the largest in the United Kingdom. These manuscripts arrived at the Bodleiana over three centuries, from the first manuscripts collected by Christian Hebraists of the seventeenth century down to the various acquisitions during the nineteenth century. A catalogue compiled by Adolf Neubauer over eighteen years and published in 1886 is marred by serious flaws, mostly in the classification of the manuscripts and the indexes. By contrast the Supplement of Malachi Beit-Arie (I994), allows the researcher to underline the advances in Hebrew codicology and palaeography achieved since 1886.
The Names EskimO, Inuit, and Inupiaq/Inupiat
Authors: Tabbert Russell
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe trend in English toward avoiding the name Eskimo in favor of Inuit will not prevail in Alaska, where only one of the four Eskimo language/culture groups, the Inupiat, identifies closely with Inuit. The term Inupiaq, though used in English correctly according to the native language pattern adjectively and to refer to an individual and to the language, is losing ground to the English pattern, in which one form (in this case Inupiat) fills all slots.
Density Variations of Indlan Placenames: Spokane County and the State of Washington
Authors: Smith Grant
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis is a preliminary study to examine the density of indigenous Indian placenames as a possible indicator of the relative acceptance of Indian presence by the immigrant European culture in North America. Seven counties of the State of Washington are compared statistically. Spokane County is used as the primary example because it has the lowest density of Indian names and because its history illustrates the deliberate removal of a relatively large number of indigenous people. Examples of strife in other counties suggest that the low density of Indian names in Spokane is not linked to the simple fact of conflict, but to explicit public policy and political attitudes. Broader statistical studies are recommended
Historic Names of Providence's Waterfront and College Hill
Authors: Downey Charlotte
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe names of streets and institutions in the waterfront and College Hill areas of Providence, Rhode Island, reflect the influential families who have played important roles in the history of the city, the state, and the nation. The most significant names include Williams, Hopkins, Carter, Tillinghast, and of course Brown.
Computer Data Bank of Danish Nantes
Authors: Søndergaard Georg
Published: January 2014

AbstractDanish onomastic research today has exciting new possibilities, thanks to an extensive data bank of personal information compiled through the government's civil registration system. With computer access to such facts as individual years and places of birth, for instance, we can undertake very detailed analyses of the distribution patterns of personal names in recent times.
Teenage Granny: Portrayals of Women in Falkland Islands Nicknames
Authors: Massolo Maria Laura
Published: January 2014

AbstractNicknames of women on the Falkland Islands, like most nicknames, derive from physical traits, incidents or early experiences, childhood characteristics, behavior, and other sources and are used both as terms of reference and terms of address. The Falklands are unusual in having a large number of nicknames for women. Most of these epithets are given by men and continue as a means both of social integration and social control.
Naming and Gender in James Joyce's Fiction
Authors: Culleton Claire A.
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn his fiction James Joyce plays unabashedly with names and naming. His attention to women's names is revealing, since he nicknames female characters differently from the way that he nicknames male characters, and he allows the females to generate names for themselves. Though historically a legacy of male tradition, the naming of women, as it occurs in Ulysses (1922) and Finnegans Wake (1939), becomes decidedly female: Joyce's women characters exploit the opportunity to name and rename themselves, reinventing their identities, veiling and unveiling their personalities.
Welsh Surnames of Occupational Origin
Authors: Fowkes Robert A.
Published: January 2014

AbstractWelsh surnames based upon occupation, while not competing quantitatively with the overwhelming numbers of patronymics, are not without importance in the onomastic repertoire. Bearers of such names are not always aware of their meanings, yet fluent speakers seem to recognize their essential Welshness, or Celticity.
The Power of the Name Essex in 3Henry VI
Authors: Litt Dorothy E.
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe relationship between Queen Elizabeth I and her favorite, the Earl of Essex, reveals a complex of names and naming. There is a textual variant in 3Henry VI in which the shire name Essex has been omitted. From this, it appears that the omission is the result of censorship and that the unknown play performed before the Queen on the very eve of Essex's execution was 3Henry VI.
Multilingual Gods
Authors: Partington Anna
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe multilingual environment of the ancient Mediterranean and Near East is reflected in the principal names given to God in Hebrew literature. Application of our improved knowledge of the languages prevalent in the area during the three millennia BC shows that these names, far from being obscure or confused, have definite and logical meanings.
Looking Back to Beaver and the Head: Male College Nicknames in the 1950s
Authors: Gasque Thomas J.
Published: January 2014

AbstractStudies of nicknames have neglected social fraternities, and most have been done by outsiders unable to assess the feelings of those who bear nicknames. I questioned members of a social fraternity to which I belonged in the late 1950s to find out how men felt about their nicknames then and now. Nicknames were found to be either endearing or critical, functioning as social controls.
British and Irish Toponyms in the South Atlantic States
Authors: Gulley Harold E.
Published: January 2014

AbstractToponymic patterns of 542 features in the South Atlantic states confirm the commonly accepted view of historians and geographers that the coastal plain was dominated by English settlers and the backcountry was settled largely by Celtic immigrants from the fringes of the British Isles. Many toponyms were transferred directly while others were based upon the names of the British royal family.
Development and Implementation of the National Geographic Names Database
Authors: Payne Roger L.
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn response to an acknowledged need and growing demand for a relatively complete list of geographic names, numerous attempts were made by governmental agencies and private concerns to develop a reliable, digital geographic names database that would include basic locative and description information for each name. Because of the scope and nature of the project, most users looked to the federal government to develop and maintain such a database. The U. S. Geological Survey, which is responsible for the National Mapping Program and related domestic geographic names activities, agreed to undertake the task of designing, developing and implementing what has become the nation's official automated geographic names repository.
Reading the Onomastic Text: ‘The Politics of the Proper Name’ in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon
Authors: Moraru Christian
Published: January 2014

AbstractCritics of Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon have concentrated on names' “meanings” in the novel and their role in defining various characters. The narrative implications of names, however, have been largely ignored. I address the relationship between naming and fictionality in the novel and regard the text as a maze of legends, tales, and histories of names and naming, where the main characters' search for these forgotten stories is a quest for identity.
Children of the Satyrs: Naming Patterns Of Leather and Levi Clubs
Authors: Ridinger Robert B. Marks
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe organizational names selected by members of the networks of social clubs organized since 1954 by gay and lesbian practitioners of leathers ex have received little attention from social science researchers. Their origins are reviewed and relationships to mainstream and subcultural norms explored.
Metadata for South African Geographic Names Databases
Authors: Möller Lucie Alida
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe relevance of adequate information on digital datasets of geographic names is being recognized world-wide. During the development of the geographic names databases of the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) it was found that descriptive background information or metadata on such databases is lacking in South Africa. The HSRC databases are discussed here in relation to the standards set to such databases, and to some of the problems of defining the information fields and technical issues of developing such large databases in digital format. Furthermore, the advantages of descriptive metadata relating to common data standards are explored in this context. Finally, reference is made to the formulation of a policy or framework for the South African context that would set the parameters to promote the optimal use of these datasets.
“We Embraced Each Other by Our Names”: Levinas, Derrida, and the Ethics of Naming
Authors: Moraru Christian
Published: January 2014

AbstractEmmanuel Levinas’ and Jacques Derrida’ s theories of names and naming are discussed in a context that casts light upon the complex relationships among names and the named on the one hand, and onomastics and other fields and discourses on the other. Such other fields are anthropology, (cultural) history, politics, and ethics. Levinas’ phenomenological view of naming and Derrida's use of Levinas in a markedly “poststructuralist” analysis both stress the moral dimension of onomastic acts, how much is at stake in the way we deal with other people's names.
United States and Canada: Partners in Geographic Names Standardization
Authors: Kerfoot Helen
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe United States and Canada have each had their own strong national geographic names authorities since the end of the nineteenth century. Toponymic issues each authority addresses are often similar, and cooperation between the two countries on geographical names topics would appear to be of value to both. From Canadian records, the main areas of common interest and exchange during the past century are examined, with particular reference being made to the naming of transboundary features.
The Sultan's Journey and other Turkish Placename Stories
Authors: Aksu Ibrahim
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article looks at the origin of Turkish placenames from the starting point of an assignment given to a class of students at a university in Turkey. The students' stories have been grouped thematically into 1) Names from antiquity, 2) Ottoman or Turkish origin names, 3) City districts, and present a broad spectrum of examples· from across the country including cities, towns, and villages. The sources the student used, and the reliability of those sources, is discussed. As far as possible, the contributions have been verified or varying interpretations noted. Additional sections give information on Turkish pronunciation, cultural aspects, historical developments, and folk etymology. It was found that where there was an absence of written sources, a tendency exists to explain names by means of stories based on age-old Turkish traditions and beliefs.
A Glossary of Native American Toponyms and Ethnonyms from the Lewis and Clark Journals
Authors: Bright William
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe published journals of the Lewis & Clark expedition, dating from the period 1804-1806, contain many Native American names of places and tribes, some of which entered English usage for the first time through these records. In later days, Native American names were also applied to some places to which Lewis & Clark had given English names. This article presents a glossary of all such terms, giving etymologies from the Native languages. For toponyms currently in use, information is also given regarding state, county, and present-day English pranunciation.
A Case Study in Narne Matching
Authors: Leach Ronald J.
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe examined variants of a well-documented habitational surname of English origin and evaluated the performance of several common name search algorithms to determine their efficiency in identifying equivalences of many known variants of the original surname. The surname had over fifty known variants. A new algorithm to include habitational information was developed as part of the analysis of search algorithms. The new algorithm had improved performance on the data set, achieving 92% success in name matching when the best two matches were used. The new algorithm is easily automated and holds promise as a search technique for much larger data sets.
North American Indians: Personal Names With Semantic Meaning
Authors: Exner Frank , Bear Little
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article describes the significance, characteristics, uses, and problems of personal names and naming practices among North American Indians. The three most important aspects of North American Indian personal naming are their:• Three name forms (European, traditional, and mixed)• Name changes which create name sequences (two or more names at different times) and name sets (two or more names at the same time)• The effects of colonization on North American Indian personal namesNorth American Indian names represent one group of indigenous cultures whose names have semantic meaning, and, as this article suggests, names with semantic meanings may pose onomastic issues all their own.
Stereotypic Gender Naming Practices For American And Australian Dogs And Cats
Authors: Abel Ernest L. , Kruger Michael L.
Published: January 2014

AbstractPets are considered as part of the family in many households. As such, the names people give their pets ought to resemble the names they give their children in terms of sex-stereotypic phonological characteristics. A previous study indicated that this was true for Golden Retriever dogs. The present study determined 1) if such sex stereotyping was true for dogs in general, 2) also extended to cats, and 3) if the same phenomena held for both the United States and Australia. We compared the final written letter and final spoken phoneme in pet and human names, as well as the ‘first and last consonants, and syllable lengths in their names. We found that people applied the same gender-related naming practices for pets that they used for both male and female children. The only difference we found between U.S. and Australian naming for pets was that Americans gave their pets names that were more characteristic of male names than female names. We concluded that Americans and Australians used the same masculine/feminine rules for naming their pets as they do for naming their children.
Compass Points in English Surnames
Authors: Starr Christopher K.
Published: January 2014

Abstract
West is by far more frequent as an English surname than any of the other compass points, followed in sequence by North, East and South. It has been hypothesized that this is due to the pattern of internal migration in England during the period when surnames were becoming established. An alternative is that this is a matter of fashion, the west of England being seen as exotic and adventurous at that time. These hypotheses are tested using a large data set that considers both the four names mentioned and a variety of compound names that incorporate the four compass points. The evidence does not favor either hypothesis. Rather, it is consistent with the null hypothesis that the adoption and retention of one or another compass-point surname is largely a random process.
Birds are not More Human than Dogs: Evidence From Naming
Authors: Abel Ernest L.
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study tested Levi-Strauss's hypothesis that birds are more likely to be given human names than are dogs or other pets. The hypothesis was not supported. Instead, dogs (and cats) are much more likely to be given human names. The results were interpreted in terms of the relationships people feel with different kinds of pets. Pets housed outside the home are least likely to be given human names. Inside the house, pets kept in cages are less likely to be given human names than are pets allowed to roam freely within the home.
Names in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: III Herbert Barry , Jackson Jared J.
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Hebrew Bible contains more than a thousand names given to more than two thousand individuals, less than 10% of whom are females. The majority of women are identified merely as the wife, concubine, daughter, mother, or sister of a man. The twelve patrilineal tribes and genealogies of fathers and sons contributed to the preponderance of males. Ten names are ambisexual, shared by both males and females. Two books, 1 Chronicles and Genesis, contain the largest numbers of people with ambisexual names.
Downregulation of inhibitory SRC Homology 2 Domain-containing Phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) leads to recovery of T cell responses in elderly
Authors: Le Page Aurélie , Fortin Carl , Garneau Hugo , Allard Nancy , Tsvetkova Krassimira , Tan Crystal Tze Ying , Larbi Anis , Dupuis Gilles , Fülöp Tamas
Published: January 2014

Background

Immune responses are generally impaired in aged mammals. T cells have been extensively studied in this context due to the initial discovery of their reduced proliferative capacity with aging. The decreased responses involve altered signaling events associated with the early steps of T cell activation. The underlying causes of these changes are not fully understood but point to alterations in assembly of the machinery for T cell activation. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that the T cell pool in elderly subjects displayed reduced functional capacities due to altered negative feedback mechanisms that participate in the regulation of the early steps of T cell activation. Such conditions tip the immune balance in favor of altered T cell activation and a related decreased response in aging.

Results

We present evidence that the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, a key regulator of T cell signal transduction machinery is, at least in part, responsible for the impaired T cell activation in aging. We used tyrosine-specific mAbs and Western blot analysis to show that a deregulation of the Csk/PAG loop in activated T cells from elderly individuals favored the inactive form of tyrosine-phosphorylated Lck (Y505). Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that the dynamic movements of these regulatory proteins in lipid raft microdomains was altered in T cells of aged individuals. Enzymic assays showed that SHP-1 activity was upregulated in T cells of aged donors, in contrast to young subjects. Pharmacological inhibition of SHP-1 resulted in recovery of TCR/CD28-dependent lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production of aged individuals to levels approaching those of young donors. Significant differences in the active (Y394) and inactive (Y505) phosphorylation sites of Lck in response to T cell activation were observed in elderly donors as compared to young subjects, independently of CD45 isoform expression.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the role of SHP-1 in T cell activation extends to its increased effect in negative feedback in aging. Modulation of SHP-1 activity could be a target to restore altered T cell functions in aging. These observations could have far reaching consequences for improvement of immunosenescence and its clinical consequences such as infections, altered response to vaccination.
Arterial supply to the bleeding diverticulum in the ascending duodenum treated by transcatheter arterial embolization— a duodenal artery branched from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Authors: Sanda Hiroki H , Kawai Nobuyuki N , Sato Morio M , Tanaka Fumihiro F , Nakata Kouhei K , Minamiguchi Hiroki H , Nakai Motoki M , Sonomura Tetsuo T
Published: January 2014

We present a case of endoscopically unmanageable hemorrhagic diverticulum in the ascending duodenum. The ventral and dorsal walls of the ascending duodenum were supplied from the first jejunal artery (1JA) and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA), respectively. The hemorrhage mainly occurred from IPDA. The abruptly branching of IPDA from superior mesenteric artery enabled successful catheterization of the IPDA with an angled microcatheter. Hemostasis was obtained by embolization using n-butyl cyanoacrylate. Gastroendoscopy depicted a duodenal hemi-circumferential ulcer. No symptoms related to hemorrhage were found at the last follow-up at 12 months.
Structural Origin of the Anisotropic Thermal Expansion of a K2NiF4-type Oxide CaErAlO4 through Interatomic Distances
Authors: Omoto Kazuki , Yashima Masatomo , Hester James R
Published: January 2014

The anisotropic thermal expansion and crystal structure of K2NiF4-type CaErAlO4 have been investigated by neutron diffraction from 298 to 1473 K. The average thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) along the c axis αc is larger than that along the a axis, mainly due to the larger Al–(apical oxygen O2) TEC compared to the Al–(equatorial O1) TEC. The larger Al–O2 TEC is attributable to the weaker Al–O2 bond. Contrary to the literature, the mean TEC of K2NiF4-type CaErAlO4 is larger than that of perovskite-type ErAlO3.
The use of technology of master classes at higher schools of Tourism and Service
Authors: Зайцева Наталия , Zaitseva Nataliya
Published: January 2014

The paper studies the current approaches to the nature and the classification of master classes as a form

of learning and development. It also describes the technology of various kinds of workshops for students,

trainees advanced education programs and teaching staff. The examples of master classes for students of

Tourism and Service higher schools are given.
Commercial and corporate brands of a higher school
Authors: Кошлякова Мария , Koshlyakova Mariya
Published: January 2014

The peculiarity of the education market is that educational services are connected with their

manufacturer — the university. In this regard, the corporate brand of the university is identifying and

supporting concerning its market offer. The key parameters that determine the position of the university

in relation to competitive universities are cost — quality — reputation and reasonable ratio of innovation

and the tradition of educational services. The impression of the brand of the university is based on the

perception of on-line information, personal contact with the staff and the experiences from the external

characteristics of the university, corporate elements.
Monuments of Ufa: East and West combination
Authors: Соболевская Светлана , Sobolevskaya Svetlana
Published: January 2014

Monuments of Ufa traditionally combining cultural traditions of West and East are considered in the article. Author consistently reveals specifics of sculptural compositions made in different periods of time and outlines theirs symbolics and

signifi cance in the system of urban area.
Kurdish nationalism: What are its origins?
Authors: Hassan Zheger
Published: January 2014

There is a general perception among some academics and Kurdish nationalists that Kurdish nationalism is ancient and inherent as demonstrated by centuries of history. These primordialists reference a distinct Kurdish culture and language and literature as the foundations for an ancient Kurdish national identity. An opposing camp of modernists asserts that the concept of nationalism is a product of industrialization and modernity. The issue of the origins of nationalism has advanced little beyond the primordial–modernist debate. An alternative approach to the emergence of nationalism is presented by the works of Anthony Smith. This approach, labelled ‘soft’ primordialism, acknowledges primordial and modernist elements of nationalism. Herein lies the issue: Where does nationalism come from? Is it inherited or constructed? This article will revisit the classical debate between the two dominant theories on nationalism and assess their applicability to the Kurdish case. It argues that neither the primordial nor the modernist approach alone can account for the origins of Kurdish nationalism. Instead, the article argues nations – as the Kurdish case will reveal, contain both primordial and modern characteristics.
A Remark on the A Posteriori Error Analysis of Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for the Obstacle Problem
Authors: Gudi Thirupathi , Porwal Kamana
Published: January 2014

We revisit the a posteriori error analysis of discontinuous
Galerkin methods for the obstacle problem derived in
[Math. Comput. (2013), DOI 10.1090/S0025-5718-2013-02728-7].
Under a mild assumption on the trace of obstacle, we
derive a reliable a posteriori error estimator which does
not involve min/max functions. A key in this approach is an
auxiliary problem with discrete obstacle. Applications to various
discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods are presented.
Numerical experiments show that the new estimator obtained in this
article performs better.