bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NHE8 attenuates Ca2+influx into NRK cells and the proximal tubule epithelium
Authors: Wiebe Shane A. , Plain Allein , Pan Wanling , O’Neill Debbie , Braam Branko , Alexander R. Todd
Published: May 2019

To garner insights into the renal regulation of Ca2+homeostasis, we performed an mRNA microarray on kidneys from mice treated with the Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) agonist cinacalcet. This revealed decreased gene expression of Na+/H+exchanger isoform 8 (NHE8) in response to CaSR activation. These results were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, administration of vitamin D also decreased NHE8 mRNA expression. In contrast, renal NHE8 protein expression from the same samples was increased. To examine the role of NHE8 in transmembrane Ca2+fluxes, we used the normal rat kidney (NRK) cell line. Cell surface biotinylation and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated NHE8 apical expression. Functional experiments found 5-( N-ethyl- N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA)-inhibitable NHE activity in NRK cells at concentrations minimally attenuating NHE1 activity in AP-1 cells. To determine how NHE8 might regulate Ca2+balance, we measured changes in intracellular Ca2+uptake by live cell Ca2+imaging with the fluorophore Fura-2 AM. Inhibition of NHE8 with EIPA or by removing extracellular Na+-enhanced Ca2+influx into NRK cells. Ca2+influx was mediated by a voltage-dependent Ca2+channel rather than directly via NHE8. NRK cells express Cav1.3 and display verapamil-sensitive Ca2+influx and NHE8 inhibition-augmented Ca2+influx via a voltage-dependent Ca2+channel. Finally, proximal tubules perused ex vivo demonstrated increased Ca2+influx in the presence of luminal EIPA at a concentration that would inhibit NHE8. The results of the present study are consistent with NHE8 regulating Ca2+uptake into the proximal tubule epithelium.
Diaphragm neuromuscular transmission failure in aged rats
Authors: Fogarty Matthew J. , Gonzalez Porras Maria A. , Mantilla Carlos B. , Sieck Gary C.
Published: May 2019

In aging Fischer 344 rats, phrenic motor neuron loss, neuromuscular junction abnormalities, and diaphragm muscle (DIAm) sarcopenia are present by 24 mo of age, with larger fast-twitch fatigue-intermediate (type FInt) and fast-twitch fatigable (type FF) motor units particularly vulnerable. We hypothesize that in old rats, DIAm neuromuscular transmission deficits are specific to type FInt and/or FF units. In phrenic nerve/DIAm preparations from rats at 6 and 24 mo of age, the phrenic nerve was supramaximally stimulated at 10, 40, or 75 Hz. Every 15 s, the DIAm was directly stimulated, and the difference in forces evoked by nerve and muscle stimulation was used to estimate neuromuscular transmission failure. Neuromuscular transmission failure in the DIAm was observed at each stimulation frequency. In the initial stimulus trains, the forces evoked by phrenic nerve stimulation at 40 and 75 Hz were significantly less than those evoked by direct muscle stimulation, and this difference was markedly greater in 24-mo-old rats. During repetitive nerve stimulation, neuromuscular transmission failure at 40 and 75 Hz worsened to a greater extent in 24-mo-old rats compared with younger animals. Because type IIx and/or IIb DIAm fibers (type FInt and/or FF motor units) display greater susceptibility to neuromuscular transmission failure at higher frequencies of stimulation, these data suggest that the age-related loss of larger phrenic motor neurons impacts nerve conduction to muscle at higher frequencies and may contribute to DIAm sarcopenia in old rats.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Diaphragm muscle (DIAm) sarcopenia, phrenic motor neuron loss, and perturbations of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are well described in aged rodents and selectively affect FInt and FF motor units. Less attention has been paid to the motor unit-specific aspects of nerve-muscle conduction. In old rats, increased neuromuscular transmission failure occurred at stimulation frequencies where FInt and FF motor units exhibit conduction failures, along with decreased apposition of pre- and postsynaptic domains of DIAm NMJs of these units.
Sexual dimorphism in vestibular function and dysfunction
Authors: Smith Paul F. , Agrawal Yuri , Darlington Cynthia L.
Published: May 2019

It has been recognized for some time that females appear to be overrepresented in the incidence of many vestibular disorders, and recent epidemiological studies further support this idea. While it is possible that this is due to a reporting bias, another possibility is that there are actual differences in the incidence of vestibular dysfunction between males and females. If this is true, it could be due to a sexual dimorphism in vestibular function and therefore dysfunction, possibly related to the hormonal differences between females and males, although the higher incidence of vestibular dysfunction in females appears to last long after menopause. Many other neurochemical differences exist between males and females, however, that could be implicated in sexual dimorphism. This review critically explores the possibility of sexual dimorphism in vestibular function and dysfunction, and the implications it may have for the treatment of vestibular disorders.
Functional anatomy of extraocular muscles during human vergence compensation of horizontal heterophoria
Authors: Demer Joseph L. , Clark Robert A.
Published: May 2019

We employed magnetic resonance imaging to quantify human extraocular muscle (EOM) contractility during intermittent convergent and divergent strabismus with each eye viewing monocularly at 20 cm compared with centered target fusion. Contractility, indicated by posterior partial volume change, was analyzed in transverse rectus and in medial and lateral superior oblique (SO) muscle compartments. In five subjects with intermittent esotropia, abduction of the deviated eye to monocular target fixation was associated with significant whole lateral rectus (LR) contraction, but with medial rectus (MR) relaxation that was significantly greater in the superior than inferior compartment. Esotropic eye abduction to binocular fusion was associated with similar relaxation in the two MR compartments, but with greater contraction in the LR’s superior than inferior compartment. The whole diverging eye SO muscle relaxed. In three subjects with intermittent exotropia, converging eye fusional adduction was associated with significant whole LR relaxation and with MR contraction attributable to significantly greater contraction in the superior than inferior compartment. In adduction of the exotropic eye to monocular target fixation but not fusional adduction, the whole SO exhibited significant relaxation. Rectus pulley positions were not significantly altered by fusion of either form of intermittent strabismus. Globe rotational axis was eccentric in intermittent strabismus, rolling the eye so that rectus EOM lever arms facilitated vergence. These results confirm, and extend to fusion of intermittent horizontal strabismus, differential compartmental function in horizontal rectus EOMs and suggest a novel role for the SO in compensation of both intermittent esotropia and exotropia.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Disjunctive eye movements normally permit binocular fixation in near visual space but also compensate for mechanical imbalances in binocular alignment developing over the life span. Magnetic resonance imaging of the extraocular muscles demonstrates important differential function in muscle compartments during compensation of large-angle intermittent convergent and divergent strabismus in humans. Eye translation during rotation also enhances vergence compensation of intermittent strabismus.
Action-based attention in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Frighetto Giovanni , Zordan Mauro A. , Castiello Umberto , Megighian Aram
Published: May 2019

The mechanism of action selection is a widely shared fundamental process required by animals to interact with the environment and adapt to it. A key step in this process is the filtering of the “distracting” sensory inputs that may disturb action selection. Because it has been suggested that, in principle, action selection may also be processed by shared circuits in vertebrate and invertebrates, we wondered whether invertebrates show the ability to filter out “distracting” stimuli during a goal-directed action, as seen in vertebrates. In this experiment, action selection was studied in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster by investigating their reaction to the abrupt appearance of a visual distractor during an ongoing locomotor action directed to a visual target. We found that when the distractor was present, flies tended to shift the original trajectory toward it, thus acknowledging its presence, but they did not fully commit to it, suggesting that an inhibition process took place to continue the unfolding of the planned goal-directed action. To some extent flies appeared to take into account and represent motorically the distractor, but they did not engage in a complete change of their initial motor program in favor of the distractor. These results provide interesting insights into the selection-for-action mechanism, in a context requiring action-centered attention, that might have appeared rather early in the course of evolution.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Action selection and maintenance of a goal-directed action require animals to ignore irrelevant “distracting” stimuli that might elicit alternative motor programs. In this study we observed, in Drosophila melanogaster, a top-down mechanism inhibiting the response toward salient stimuli, to accomplish a goal-directed action. These data highlight, for the first time in an invertebrate organism, that the action-based attention shown by higher organisms, such as humans and nonhuman primates, might have an ancestral origin.
Oscillations in cortico-basal ganglia circuits: implications for Parkinson’s disease and other neurologic and psychiatric conditions
Authors: Halje Pär , Brys Ivani , Mariman Juan J. , da Cunha Claudio , Fuentes Romulo , Petersson Per
Published: May 2019

Cortico-basal ganglia circuits are thought to play a crucial role in the selection and control of motor behaviors and have also been implicated in the processing of motivational content and in higher cognitive functions. During the last two decades, electrophysiological recordings in basal ganglia circuits have shown that several disease conditions are associated with specific changes in the temporal patterns of neuronal activity. In particular, synchronized oscillations have been a frequent finding suggesting that excessive synchronization of neuronal activity may be a pathophysiological mechanism involved in a wide range of neurologic and psychiatric conditions. We here review the experimental support for this hypothesis primarily in relation to Parkinson’s disease but also in relation to dystonia, essential tremor, epilepsy, and psychosis/schizophrenia.
Reciprocal intralimb transfer of skilled isometric force production
Authors: Rajan Vikram A. , Hardwick Robert M. , Celnik Pablo A.
Published: May 2019

Motor control theories propose that the same motor plans can be employed by different effectors (e.g., the hand and arm). Skills learned with one effector can therefore “transfer” to others, which has potential applications in clinical situations. However, evidence from adaptation suggests this effect is not reciprocal; learning can be generalized from proximal to distal effectors (e.g., arm to hand), but not from distal to proximal effectors (e.g., hand to arm). We propose that skill learning may not follow the same pattern, because it relies on multiple learning processes beyond error detection and correction. Participants learned a skill task involving the production of isometric forces. We assessed their ability to perform the task with the hand and arm. One group then trained to perform the task using only their hand, whereas a second group trained using only their arm. In a final assessment, we found that participants who trained with either effector improved their skill in performing the task with both their hand and arm. There was no change in a control group that did not train between assessments, indicating that gains were related to the training, not the multiple assessments. These results indicate that in contrast to adaptation, motor skills can generalize from both proximal to distal effectors and from distal to proximal effectors. We propose this is due to differences in the processes underlying skill acquisition as compared with adaptation.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prior research indicates that motor learning transfers from proximal to distal effectors, but not vice versa. However, this work focused on adapting existing behavior; we questioned whether different results would occur during learning of new motor skills. We found that the benefits of training on a skill task with either the hand or arm transferred across both effectors. This highlights important differences between adaptation and skill learning, and may allow therapeutic benefits for patients with impairments in specific effectors.
Liquid Biopsy: Is There an Advantage to Analyzing Circulating Exosomal DNA Compared to cfDNA or Are They the Same?
Authors: Kahlert Christoph
Published: May 2019

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This life-threatening disease requires novel strategies for the early detection and therapy response prediction. Circulating DNA was first described 70 years ago. However, only the recent evolution in the PCR-based sequencing techniques allow the minimally invasive molecular profiling of circulating mutant DNA from small-volume “liquid biopsies” such as blood, urine, or saliva. In this article, we aim to summarize the fast-growing evidence for cfDNA and exosomal DNA as minimally invasive diagnostic markers in solid tumors and to highlight their opposing diagnostic advantages and disadvantages.
Nischarin Regulates Secretion of Exosomes and Cancer Progression
Authors: McAndrews Kathleen M. , Kalluri Raghu
Published: May 2019

The intercellular exchange of exosomes may play a regulatory function in tumor progression and metastasis. Maziveyi and colleagues demonstrated that Nischarin regulated the secretion of exosomes from breast cancer cells. Loss of Nischarin expression increased exosome production and promoted tumor cell growth and migration, supporting that Nischarin can influence the behavior of surrounding cancer cells. This study identified a novel function of the tumor suppressor Nischarin in exosome biology and cancer progression.

See related article by Maziveyi et al., p. 2152
Evaluating Correlates of Awareness of the Association between Drinking Too Much Alcohol and Cancer Risk in the United States
Authors: Wiseman Kara P. , Klein William M.P.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Awareness that alcohol consumption is associated with cancer is low in the United States, and predictors of awareness are not well understood.

Methods:

Data from the 2017 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5 Cycle 1) were used to describe knowledge of the association between drinking too much alcohol and cancer (“Yes,” aware of the association; “No”; or “Don't know”) among 3,009 adults. Weighted multinomial multivariable logistic regression determined personal characteristics (e.g., demographic characteristics, health-related self-efficacy, cancer beliefs, and information seeking) associated with reporting “Yes” or “Don't know” compared with “No.”

Results:

Thirty-eight percent of the U.S. population believed there was an association (38.36%), 36.17% were uncertain, and 25.47% believed there was no association. People believing that everything causes cancer and people who had ever looked up information about cancer had 1.61 and 1.80 higher odds of reporting “Yes” [95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.08–2.42 and 1.27–2.57, respectively]. Compared with people who were completely confident in their ability to take care of their health, people only somewhat confident had 2.32 higher odds of reporting “Don't know” (95% CI, 1.30–4.14). Younger age was negatively associated with reporting “Don't know.”

Conclusions:

Awareness of the association between alcohol and cancer is low in the United States. Personal characteristics associated with awareness differed between reporting “Yes” and “Don't know,” and there were few associations between demographic characteristics and awareness.

Impact:

A significant knowledge gap exists in the population. Broad reaching public health media campaigns, particularly those that increase information seeking, are needed to increase awareness.
Vitamin D Modifies the Incidence of Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Depending on the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Polymorphisms
Authors: Carrillo-Cruz Estrella , García-Lozano José R. , Márquez-Malaver Francisco J. , Sánchez-Guijo Fermín M. , Montero Cuadrado Isabel , Ferra i Coll Christelle , Valcárcel David , López-Godino Oriana , Cuesta Marian , Parody Rocío , López-Corral Lucía , Alcoceba Miguel , Caballero-Velázquez Teresa , Rodríguez-Gil Alfonso , Bejarano-García José A. , Ramos Teresa Lopes , Pérez-Simón José A.
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

The biologically active metabolite of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vit D), has immunoregulatory properties via binding vitamin D receptor (VDR). In a prospective trial, we previously reported a reduction in the incidence of chronic GvHD (cGvHD) among patients who received vit D after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT; Clinical Trials.gov: NCT02600988). Here we analyze the role of patients and donors' VDR SNPs on the immunomodulatory effect of vit D.

Patients and Methods:

Patients undergoing allo-HSCT were included in a prospective phase I/II clinical trial (Alovita) in three consecutive cohorts: control (without vit D), low-dose (1,000 IU/day), and high-dose (5,000 IU/day) groups. Vit D was given from day −5 until +100 after transplant. Genotyping of four SNPs of the VDR gene, FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI, were performed using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays.

Results:

We observed a decrease in the incidence of overall cGvHD at 1 year after allo-HSCT depending on the use or not of vit D among patients with FokI CT genotype (22.5% vs 80%, P = 0.0004) and among those patients without BsmI/ApaI/TaqI ATC haplotype (22.2% vs 68.8%, P = 0.0005). In a multivariate analysis, FokI CT genotype significantly influenced the risk of cGvHD in patients treated with vit D as compared with the control group (HR 0.143, Pinteraction < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Our results show that the immunomodulatory effect of vit D depends on the VDR SNPs, and patients carrying the FokI CT genotype display the highest benefit from receiving vit D after allo-HSCT.
Intrinsic Resistance to MEK Inhibition through BET Protein–Mediated Kinome Reprogramming in NF1-Deficient Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Kurimchak Alison M. , Shelton Claude , Herrera-Montávez Carlos , Duncan Kelly E. , Chernoff Jonathan , Duncan James S.
Published: May 2019

Mutation or deletion of Neurofibromin 1 (NF1), an inhibitor of RAS signaling, frequently occurs in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), supporting therapies that target downstream RAS effectors, such as the RAF–MEK–ERK pathway. However, no comprehensive studies have been carried out testing the efficacy of MEK inhibition in NF1-deficient EOC. Here, we performed a detailed characterization of MEK inhibition in NF1-deficient EOC cell lines using kinome profiling and RNA sequencing. Our studies showed MEK inhibitors (MEKi) were ineffective at providing durable growth inhibition in NF1-deficient cells due to kinome reprogramming. MEKi-mediated destabilization of FOSL1 resulted in induced expression of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and their downstream RAF and PI3K signaling, thus overcoming MEKi therapy. MEKi synthetic enhancement screens identified BRD2 and BRD4 as integral mediators of the MEKi-induced RTK signatures. Inhibition of bromo and extra terminal (BET) proteins using BET bromodomain inhibitors blocked MEKi-induced RTK reprogramming, indicating that BRD2 and BRD4 represent promising therapeutic targets in combination with MEKi to block resistance due to kinome reprogramming in NF1-deficient EOC.

Implications:

Our findings suggest MEK inhibitors will likely not be effective as single-agent therapies in NF1-deficient EOC due to kinome reprogramming. Cotargeting BET proteins in combination with MEKis to block reprogramming at the transcriptional level may provide an epigenetic strategy to overcome MEKi resistance in NF1-deficient EOC.
Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) and CD8 Expression Profiling Identify an Immunologic Subtype of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas with Favorable Survival
Authors: Danilova Ludmila , Ho Won Jin , Zhu Qingfeng , Vithayathil Teena , De Jesus-Acosta Ana , Azad Nilofer S. , Laheru Daniel A. , Fertig Elana J. , Anders Robert , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Yarchoan Mark
Published: May 2019

Immune-checkpoint therapy has failed to demonstrate meaningful clinical benefit in unselected cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but a subset of PDACs are known to upregulate pathways involved in acquired immune suppression. Further delineation of immunologic subtypes of PDAC is necessary to improve clinical trial designs and identify patients who might benefit from immune-checkpoint therapy. We used clinical survival and RNA expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to investigate the relationship between immune-modulating pathways and immune subset markers and their impact on survival in PDAC patients. Of the adaptive immune-resistance pathways, expression of PD-L1 and IDO1 was individually associated with poor survival. Although CD8 expression alone was not correlated with survival, the combination of PD-L1− and high CD8 expression identified a subtype with favorable survival. We further extended these observations using an independent PDAC cohort from our institution via IHC, again observing that the PD-L1−/CD8high subtype was associated with positive prognosis. Although PDAC is regarded as a poorly immunogenic cancer type, these findings infer that T-cell infiltration in the absence of adaptive immune-resistance pathways is a feature of long-term survival in PDAC and imply the importance of developing future immunotherapeutic strategies based on data-supported biomarkers to refine patient selection.
The Highs and Lows of Immune-Checkpoint Blockade in Lymphoma
Authors: Ansell Stephen M.
Published: May 2019

Immunologic approaches to treating patients with cancer have shown promise, and immune-checkpoint blockade has been particularly successful. In many solid tumors, the presence of intratumoral immune cells has been predictive of a response to therapy, and blockade of inhibitory signals that dampen an effective antitumor response has resulted in clinical benefit for patients. Lymphoid malignancies, including Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, are cancers of the immune system, and in these diseases, the malignant cells interact with the immune system and commonly provide signals that regulate immune function. Therefore, many of the immunologic lessons learned from solid tumors may not directly translate to lymphoid malignancies, and the mechanisms of effective antitumor responses in these diseases may be different. In Hodgkin lymphoma, for example, immune-checkpoint blockade has resulted in response rates of 65% to 75%. In contrast, in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, responses to immune-checkpoint blockade in phase II trials have been seen in fewer than 10% of patients, and the reasons for this substantial difference are largely unknown. Combination approaches are likely needed, particularly in the various subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and combinations that include cytotoxic agents seem more effective than combinations of immunologic therapies. Successful therapeutic combinations in lymphomas may require an approach that simultaneously blocks inhibitory immune signals, provides direct activation of the immune response, and directly inhibits the malignant clone.
Pilhagem territorial, precarização do trabalho e degradação do sujeito que trabalha: reflexões a partir da produção de celulose no Brasil
Authors: Perpetua Guilherme Marini , Thomaz Junior Antonio
Published: May 2019

Como resultado de uma singular combinação de fatores internos e externos, particularmente atuantes a partir do início dos anos 2000, a economia e o território do Brasil sofreram um avanço inaudito da produção de commodities agropecuárias e minerais. Nesse contexto, a produção de celulose despontou como um dos principais produtos exportados, territorializando-se em diferentes regiões por meio de megaempreendimentos que vinculam fábricas a imensas áreas de monocultivo de eucalipto. O objetivo do presente artigo é desvelar a dinâmica do trabalho no interior do recente processo de territorialização do capital arbóreo-celulósico no Brasil, com foco na precarização do trabalho e nos riscos e agravos à saúde dos trabalhadores. A pesquisa combinou procedimentos metodológicos quantitativos e qualitativos, investigando empiricamente os casos de três regiões: Porto Seguro (BA), Três Lagoas (MS) e Imperatriz (MA).
Da banalização das regiões metropolitanas ao Estatuto da Metrópole: será o fim das “metrópoles de papel”?
Authors: Cordeiro Eduardo Celestino
Published: May 2019

O trabalho analisa implicações da lei federal denominada Estatuto da Metrópole sobre a banalização da criação de Regiões Metropolitanas (RMs) no país. Estudou-se o caso do Maranhão, a partir da perspectiva que entende essas regiões como meios institucionais pelo quais agentes políticos territorializam o espaço para viabilizarem seus objetivos. Como conclusão, constatou-se que a lei federal freou as tentativas de se criar novas RMs no Maranhão, porém não impediu a manutenção e inclusão de município para além da conurbação intermunicipal das “metrópoles” das regiões já existentes; o que pode vir a ocorrer também nos outros estados, significando não o fim das “metrópoles de papel”, mas o crescimento territorial das já existentes.
Território, cultura e identidade dos colonizadores italianos no Rio Grande do Sul: uma análise sobre a Serra Gaúcha e a Quarta Colônia
Authors: Manfio Vanessa , Pierozan Vinício Luís
Published: May 2019

A colonização do Rio Grande do Sul apresenta particularidades significativas, especialmente a presença italiana, que é responsável pela constituição de territórios culturais. Portanto, este trabalho objetiva-se discutir acerca dos territórios italianos formados, mediante o processo de colonização italiana realizado no Rio Grande do Sul, tendo como área de estudo a Serra Gaúcha e a Quarta Colônia, buscando-se estabelecer um cruzamento entre as diferentes singularidades particulares aos dois territórios como, por exemplo, a cultura italiana, identidade e modo de vida, atributos fundamentais para o entendimento da formação dos territórios. Para atingir os objetivos propostos a metodologia se embasou em trabalho de campo, revisão de literatura, abordagem empírica, coleta de dados e materiais, conduzidas pela abordagem qualitativa.
Cidade, história e segregação socioespacial no romance O moleque Ricardo, de José Lins do Rego
Authors: Hollanda Bernardo Buarque de , Matos Regiane
Published: May 2019

O artigo detém-se no exame do quarto romance de autoria do escritor José Lins do Rego, procurando mostrar de que maneira, nele, o narrador se desvencilha da paisagem canavieira do interior do Nordeste, e apresenta como locus central de sua ficção o cenário de uma grande cidade nordestina, mais precisamente, a Recife do início dos anos 1920. Procura-se evidenciar a  maneira pela qual o escritor deslinda a ambiência turbulenta e excludente de uma cidade grande, com seus tipos urbanos subalternos, com a exploração social do trabalho e com seus conflitos políticos.
Uma intérprete do cangaço
Authors: Pericás Luiz Bernardo
Published: May 2019

Este artigo discute panoramicamente a vida, a atuação acadêmica e a produção intelectual de Maria Christina Russi da Matta Machado, aluna de doutorado da Universidade de São Paulo e autora de As táticas de guerra dos cangaceiros (1969), livro publicado em plena ditadura militar, que teve considerável repercussão na época, especialmente entre os militantes de esquerda do país.
A literatura de cordel como patrimônio cultural
Authors: Meneses Ulpiano T. Bezerra de
Published: May 2019

Encaminhado ao Iphan em 2010 pela Academia Brasileira de Cordel (ABCL), o pedido de registro da literatura de cordel como patrimônio cultural imaterial envolveu um longo processo de pesquisas. O cordel foitratado como forma de expressão e sistema que se manifesta pela palavra como ação produtiva, na capacidade de gerar efeitos. O voto do relator, após informações básicas sobre a natureza e transformações do bem, centrou-se nas suas dimensões estética, histórica, comunitária e identitária, além de sua extraordinária persistência, como um “conversor de mundos”. Incluíram-se propostas de salvaguarda.
RACHS‐ANZ: A Modified Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery Model for Outcome Surveillance in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: McSharry Brent , Straney Lahn , Alexander Janet , Gentles Tom , Winlaw David , Beca John , Millar Johnny , Shann Frank , Wilkins Barry , Numa Andrew , Stocker Christian , Erickson Simon , Slater Anthony ,   the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Paediatric Study Group and Centre for Outcomes and Resource Evaluation
Published: May 2019

Background

Outcomes for pediatric cardiac surgery are commonly reported from international databases compiled from voluntary data submissions. Surgical outcomes for all children in a country or region are less commonly reported. We aimed to describe the bi‐national population‐based outcome for children undergoing cardiac surgery in Australia and New Zealand and determine whether the Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (
RACHS
) classification could be used to create a model that accurately predicts
in‐hospital mortality
in this population.

Methods and Results

The study was conducted in all children's hospitals performing cardiac surgery in Australia and New Zealand between January 2007 and December 2015. The performance of the original
RACHS
‐1 model was assessed and compared with an alternative
RACHS
‐
ANZ
(Australia and New Zealand) model, developed balancing discrimination with parsimonious variable selection. A total of 14 324 hospital admissions were analyzed. The overall hospital mortality was 2.3%, ranging from 0.5% for
RACHS
category 1 procedures, to 17.0% for
RACHS
category 5 or 6 procedures. The original
RACHS
‐1 model was poorly calibrated with death overpredicted (1161 deaths predicted, 289 deaths observed). The
RACHS
‐
ANZ
model had better performance in this population with excellent discrimination (Az‐
ROC
of 0.830) and acceptable Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit (
P
=0.216).

Conclusions

The original
RACHS
‐1 model overpredicts mortality in children undergoing heart surgery in the current era. The
RACHS
‐
ANZ
model requires only 3 risk variables in addition to the
RACHS
procedure category, can be applied to a wider range of patients than
RACHS
‐1, and is suitable to use to monitor regional pediatric cardiac surgery outcomes.
Association of High Birth Weight With Incident Heart Failure in the ARIC Study
Authors: Rashid Abdirahim , Agarwala Anandita , Novak Eric , Brown David L.
Published: May 2019

Background

Traditional risk factors for heart failure––coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and smoking––only account for about 50% of cases. Thus, the identification of novel risk factors is of significant public health importance. As high birth weight infants are at increased risk for obesity and diabetes mellitus later in life, which are both risk factors for the development of heart failure, we sought to assess the association of high birth weight with incident heart failure in the
ARIC
(Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study.

Methods and Results

The ARIC study is a biracial prospective community‐based investigation of 15 792 individuals aged 45 to 64 years at baseline. Study participants who were born premature or born a twin were excluded from this analysis, resulting in 9820 participants who provided either their birth weight category (low, medium, high) or exact birth weight. After adjusting for differences in demographics, risk factors, and comorbidities, compared with medium birth weight, those with high birth weight had a significantly increased risk of incident heart failure (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95%
CI
, 1.05–1.54 [
P
=0.014]). The hazard for all‐cause mortality for high birth weight compared with medium birth weight was 1.16 (95%
CI
, 0.99–1.34;
P
=0.06). There was no association of high birth weight with myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95%
CI
, 0.84–1.34 [
P
=0.6]).

Conclusions

High birth weight was associated with a significantly increased hazard of incident heart failure independent of traditional risk factors and a trend toward an increased hazard of death. A history of high birth weight should be ascertained in young adults for primordial prevention of heart failure and in older adults for primary prevention.
Defective Renal Angiotensin III and AT
2
Receptor Signaling in Prehypertensive Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Kemp Brandon A. , Howell Nancy L. , Keller Susanna R. , Gildea John J. , Shao Weijian , Navar Luis Gabriel , Carey Robert M.
Published: May 2019

Background

Previous studies demonstrated that angiotensin (Ang)
III
, not Ang
II
, is the predominant endogenous agonist for Ang type‐2 receptor (
AT
2
R)‐induced natriuresis in normal rats, and that hypertensive 12‐week‐old spontaneously hypertensive rats (
SHR
) lack natriuretic responses to Ang
III
. This study tested whether prehypertensive
SHR
already have defective Ang
III
‐induced natriuresis and determined possible mechanisms.

Methods and Results

Female and male normotensive 4‐week‐old
SHR
and Wistar Kyoto rats were studied after 24‐hour systemic
AT
1
R blockade. Left kidneys received 30 minute renal interstitial infusions of vehicle followed by Ang
III
(3.5, 7.0, 14, and 28 nmol/kg per min; each dose for 30 minutes). Right kidneys received vehicle infusions. In 4‐week‐old Wistar Kyoto rats, renal interstitial Ang
III
increased urine sodium (Na
+
) excretion but failed to induce natriuresis in 4‐week‐old
SHR
. Renal Ang
III
levels were similar between Wistar Kyoto rats and
SHR
, making increased Ang
III
degradation as a possible cause for defective natriuresis in
SHR
unlikely. In Wistar Kyoto rats, renal interstitial Ang
III
induced translocation of
AT
2
Rs to apical plasma membranes of renal proximal tubule cells. Simultaneously, Ang
III
induced retraction of the major Na
+
transporter Na
+
‐H
+
exchanger‐3 (
NHE
‐3) from apical membranes and internalization of Na
+
/K
+
ATP
ase (
NKA
) from basolateral membranes of renal proximal tubule cells. Consistent with
NHE
‐3 and
NKA
retraction, Ang
III
increased
pS
er
552
‐
NHE
‐3 and decreased
pS
er
23
‐
NKA
. In contrast, in
SHR
, intrarenal Ang
III
failed to induce
AT
2
R translocation,
NHE
‐3 or
NKA
retraction,
pS
er
552
‐
NHE
‐3 phosphorylation, or
pS
er
23
‐
NKA
dephosphorylation.

Conclusions

These results indicate impaired Ang
III
/
AT
2
R signaling as a possible primary defect in prehypertensive
SHR
.
Prognostic Implications of Door‐to‐Balloon Time and Onset‐to‐Door Time on Mortality in Patients With ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Park Jonghanne , Choi Ki Hong , Lee Joo Myung , Kim Hyun Kuk , Hwang Doyeon , Rhee Tae‐Min , Kim Jihoon , Park Taek Kyu , Yang Jeong Hoon , Song Young Bin , Choi Jin‐Ho , Hahn Joo‐Yong , Choi Seung‐Hyuk , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Chae Shung Chull , Cho Myeong Chan , Kim Chong Jin , Kim Ju Han , Jeong Myung Ho , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol , Kim Hyo‐Soo ,   The KAMIR‐NIH (Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry–National Institutes of Health) Investigators
Published: May 2019

Background

In patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, timely reperfusion therapy with door‐to‐balloon (D2B) time <90 minutes is recommended by the current guidelines. However, whether further shortening of symptom onset‐to‐door (O2D) time or D2B time would enhance survival of patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction remains unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of O2D or D2B time in patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results

We analyzed 5243 patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction were treated at 20 tertiary hospitals capable of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in Korea. The association between O2D or D2B time with all‐cause mortality at 1 year was evaluated. The median O2D time was 2.0 hours, and the median D2B time was 59 minutes. A total of 92.2% of the total population showed D2B time ≤90 minutes. In univariable analysis, 1‐hour delay of D2B time was associated with a 55% increased 1‐year mortality, whereas 1‐hour delay of O2D time was associated with a 4% increased 1‐year mortality. In multivariable analysis, D2B time showed an independent association with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.90; 95%
CI
, 1.51–2.39;
P
<0.001). Reducing D2B time within 45 minutes showed further decreased risk of mortality compared with D2B time >90 minutes (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.30; 95%
CI
, 0.19–0.42;
P
<0.001). Every reduction of D2B time by 30 minutes showed continuous reduction of 1‐year mortality (90 to 60 minutes: absolute risk reduction, 2.4%; number needed to treat, 41.9; 60 to 30 minutes: absolute risk reduction, 2.0%; number needed to treat, 49.2).

Conclusions

Shortening D2B time was significantly associated with survival benefit, and the survival benefit of shortening D2B time was consistently observed, even <60 to 90 minutes.
Angiotensin III/AT
2
Receptor/NHE3 Signaling Pathway in the Proximal Tubules of the Kidney: A Novel Natriuretic and Antihypertensive Mechanism in Hypertension
Authors: Zhuo Jia L. , Li Xiao C.
Published: May 2019

See Article
Kemp et al
The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda)
Authors: INIESTA LUIZ FELIPE MORETTI , FERREIRA RODRIGO LOPES , WESENER THOMAS
Published: May 2019

Glomeridesmus spelaeus n. sp., the first Glomeridesmida described from Brazil and only the second known troglobiontof the order, is described from iron caves of the Amazonian. This description is the first in the order Glomeridesmida since1975, and also the first utilizing modern techniques like SEM. Numerous taxonomic characters, some employed in recentstudies of other millipedes, are described, illustrated, and compared for the first time in the Glomeridesmida, building afoundation for future phylogenetic studies, as well as future descriptions of new members of this basal, enigmatic, and stilllittle-known millipede order. The first photographs of a living Glomeridesmida, as well as anecdotal live observations, arepresented. The description of G. spelaeus is also important from a conservation point of view, since the cave system it inhabits is under anthropogenic pressure due to planned mining activities.
Studies on the genus Aporcelaimellus Heyns, 1965 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae). Four new species with complex uterus from Southeastern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: ÁLVAREZ-ORTEGA SERGIO , ABOLAFIA JOAQUÍN , LIÉBANAS GRACIA , PEÑA-SANTIAGO REYES
Published: May 2019

Four new species with complex uterus of the genus Aporcelaimellus, collected mainly in natural areas in the IberianPeninsula, are identified and described here. Aporcelaimellus alpujarrensis sp. n. is characterized by having body1.72–1.91 mm long, lip region offset by constriction and 14–15μm broad, odontostyle 14–16μm long with apertureoccupying 67–70% its length, neck about 455μm long, pharyngeal expansion about 224μm long, uterus tripartite and145–206μm long, V = 53–55, tail convex conoid (27–34μm, c = 55–71, c’ = 0.9–1.1), spicules 56–60μm long, and 7–9irregularly spaced ventromedian supplements with hiatus. Aporcelaimellus castaneanus sp. n. is characterized by havingbody 2.18–2.83 mm long, lip region offset by constriction and 20–23μm broad, odontostyle 22–24μm long with apertureoccupying 62–67% its length, neck 581–662μm long, pharyngeal expansion 300–355μm long, uterus tripartite and164–348μm long, V = 52–58, tail conical with rounded terminus (44–52μm, c = 48–60, c’ = 0.8–1.1), spicules 94–103μm long, and 14–15 irregularly spaced ventromedian supplements which lack hiatus. Aporcelaimellus communis sp. n. ischaracterized by having body 2.56–4.22 mm long, lip region offset by constriction and 19–25μm broad, odontostyle19–26μm long with aperture occupying 64–74% its length, neck 595–750μm long, pharyngeal expansion 321–427μmlong, uterus bipartite and 190–450μm long, V = 51–60, tail short and convex conoid (29–50μm, c = 63–109, c’ = 0.5–1.0),spicules 89–118μm long, and 16–25 irregularly spaced ventromedian supplements with hiatus. Aporcelaimellus tenuis sp.n. is characterized by having body 1.89–2.70 mm long and comparatively slender (a = 35–49), lip region offset byconstriction and 15–18μm broad, odontostyle 15–21μm long with aperture occupying 60–70% of its length, neck488–645μm long, pharyngeal expansion 251–366μm long, uterus bipartite and 135–213μm long, V = 55–58, tail convexconoid with rounded terminus (25–40μm, c = 64–92, c’ = 0.8–1.1), spicules 52–66μm long, and 11–12 irregularly spaced SEM pictures, are given for the four species.ventromedian supplements with hiatus. Measurements and illustrations, including line drawings, LM pictures and and/or
A new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the Afromontane forest in South Africa, with an overview of freshwater planarians from the African continent
Authors: STOCCHINO GIACINTA ANGELA , SLUYS RONALD , MANCONI RENATA
Published: May 2019

A new species of the genus Dugesia from the Amatola Mountains in the Eastern Province of South Africa is described,including a karyological account and notes on its life cycle and reproductive modes. The new species differs from itscongeners in a unique combination of morphological characters of the copulatory apparatus, in particular the centralcourse of the ejaculatory duct with its terminal opening at the tip of the penis papilla, the elongated seminal vesicle, theasymmetrical openings of the oviducts into the bursal canal, and the openings of vasa deferentia at about halfway alongthe seminal vesicle. In addition, an overview is provided of all freshwater triclads reported from the African continent including karyological information and notes on reproductive modes.
Ants of North Carolina: an updated list (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: GUÉNARD BENOIT , MCCAFFREY KATHERINE A. , LUCKY ANDREA , DUNN ROB R.
Published: May 2019

We document the distribution of ants present in North Carolina. We revisit the list of North Carolina ants for the first time since 1962, based on literature records, museum collection and new sampling events across the state. Our results show 53 new species records, including 16 exotic and 4 undescribed species, for a total of 192 species found in North Carolina. Based on our current knowledge, North Carolina possesses the highest species diversity of native ants of any state or territory in eastern North America. Here, we discuss some of the biogeographical explanations for this remarkable diversity. In addition to presenting county-level species distributions in North Carolina, we also offer brief comparisons to species lists for surrounding states. By highlighting species expected to occur in North Carolina, but not yet recorded in the state, we hope to encourage new discoveries and increase the general knowledge of the ant fauna of North Carolina.
Revision of the Afrotropical species of the Bengalia peuhi species-group, including a species reassigned to the B. spinifemorata species-group (Diptera, Calliphoridae), with notes on the identity of Ochromyia petersiana Loew, 1852 (Diptera, Rhiniidae)
Authors: ROGNES KNUT
Published: May 2019

Eleven Afrotropical species of Bengalia Robineau-Desvoidy, ten in the Bengalia peuhi species-group and one reassignedto the Bengalia spinifemorata species-group, are revised. The male genitalia of all, and the ovipositor of six species, areillustrated by means of digital colour photography. A key to males is provided. Two species, i.e., Bengalia minor Malloch,1927 and Bengalia peuhi Villeneuve, 1914, are assigned to the Bengalia peuhi subgroup of the Bengalia peuhi species-group. Five species, i.e., Bengalia depressa Walker, 1858, Bengalia floccosa Wulp, 1885, Bengalia gaillardi Surcouf &Guyon, 1912, Bengalia roubaudi Rickenbach, Hamon & Mouchet, 1960 and Bengalia tibiaria Villeneuve, 1926 areassigned to the Bengalia floccosa subgroup of the Bengalia peuhi species-group. Three species, i.e., Bengalia africanoidessp. nov., Bengalia aliena Malloch, 1927 and Bengalia wyatti (Lehrer, 2005) comb. nov., have been left as species incertaesedis in the Bengalia peuhi species-group. The eleventh species, Bengalia bantuphalla (Lehrer, 2005) comb. nov., is re-assigned to the Bengalia spinifemorata species-group. Bengalia africanoides sp. nov. has only 3 post dc setae, a featureunique for a species of Bengalia. A neotype is designated for Calliphora floccosa Wulp, 1885 (now in Bengalia), to fixthe interpretation of the name in accordance with current usage. Lectotypes are designated for Bengalia bekilyana Séguy,1935, Bengalia depressa, Bengalia gaillardi, Bengalia peuhi and Bengalia unicalcarata Villeneuve, 1913 to fix theinterpretation of the names. Bengalia africana Malloch, 1927 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia depressa,syn. nov. Bengalia cuthbertsoni Zumpt, 1956 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia tibiaria, syn. nov.Shakaniella sakinehae Lehrer, 2011 is established as a junior synonym of Shakaniella wyatti (now in Bengalia), syn. nov.Tsunamia yourubana Lehrer, 2005 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia aliena, syn. nov. Ochromyia petersianaLoew, 1852 is removed from its current position as a doubtful senior synonym of Bengalia depressa and transferred to thegenus Thoracites Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 as Thoracites petersiana, comb. nov. in the Rhiniidae. This name is proposed as a senior synonym of Thoracites neglectus Zumpt, 1972, syn. nov.
A new species of Brachygasterina Macquart from Colombia, and description of the males of B. stuebeli Röder and B. muisca Soares & Carvalho (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: PÉREZ SANDRA , WOLFF MARTA , DE CARVALHO CLAUDIO J. B.
Published: May 2019

Here we describe the new species Brachygasterina setulosa Pérez, Wolff & Carvalho, sp. nov. from Colombia, Cundinamarca Department, Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz, at 3560 m above sea level. Descriptions of males of B. stuebeli (Röder) and B. muisca Soares & Carvalho are also included. Currently, 11 species of Brachygasterina Macquart are known from South America, six of which occur in the highlands of Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela.