bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of meteorology and emissions on summertime surface ozone increases over central eastern China between 2003 and 2015
Authors: Sun Lei , Xue Likun , Wang Yuhang , Li Longlei , Lin Jintai , Ni Ruijing , Yan Yingying , Chen Lulu , Li Juan , Zhang Qingzhu , Wang Wenxing
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Recent studies have shown that surface ozone (O3)
concentrations over central eastern China (CEC) have increased significantly
during the past decade. We quantified the effects of changes in
meteorological conditions and O3 precursor emissions on surface O3
levels over CEC between July 2003 and July 2015 using the GEOS-Chem model.
The simulated monthly mean maximum daily 8 h average O3 concentration
(MDA8 O3) in July increased by approximately 13.6 %, from 65.5±7.9 ppbv (2003) to 74.4±8.7 ppbv (2015), comparable to the observed
results. The change in meteorology led to an increase in MDA8 O3 of
5.8±3.9 ppbv over the central part of CEC, in contrast to a decrease
of about -0.8±3.5 ppbv over the eastern part of the region. In
comparison, the MDA8 O3 over the central and eastern parts of CEC
increased by 3.5±1.4 and 5.6±1.8 ppbv due to the increased
emissions. The increase in averaged O3 in the CEC region resulting from
the emission increase (4.0±1.9 ppbv) was higher than that caused by
meteorological changes (3.1±4.9 ppbv) relative to the 2003 standard
simulation, while the regions with larger O3 increases showed a higher
sensitivity to meteorological conditions than to emission changes.
Sensitivity tests indicate that increased levels of anthropogenic non-methane
volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) dominate the O3 increase over the
eastern part of CEC, and anthropogenic nitrogen oxides (NOx) mainly increase
MDA8 O3 over the central and western parts and decrease O3 in a
few urban areas in the eastern part. Budget analysis showed that net
photochemical production and meteorological conditions (transport in
particular) are two important factors that influence O3 levels over the
CEC. The results of this study suggest a need to further assess the
effectiveness of control strategies for O3 pollution in the context of
regional meteorology and anthropogenic emission changes.
Diagnosing spatial error structures in CO2 mole fractions and
XCO2 column mole fractions from atmospheric transport
Authors: Lauvaux Thomas , Díaz-Isaac Liza I. , Bocquet Marc , Bousserez Nicolas
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric inversions inform about the magnitude and variations of greenhouse gas (GHG) sources and sinks from global to local scales. Deployment of observing systems such as spaceborne sensors and ground-based instruments distributed around the globe has started to offer an unprecedented amount of information to estimate surface exchanges of GHG at finer spatial and temporal scales. However, inversion methods still rely on imperfect atmospheric transport models of which error structures directly affect the inverse estimates of GHG fluxes. The impact of spatial error structures on the inverse fluxes increase concurrently with the density of the available measurements. In this study, we diagnose the spatial structures due to transport model errors affecting modeled in situ carbon dioxide (CO2) mole fractions and total column dry air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2). We implemented a cost-effective filtering technique recently developed in the meteorological data assimilation community to describe spatial error structures using a small-size ensemble. This technique can enable ensemble-based error analysis for multi-year inversions of sources and sinks. The removal of noisy structures in our small-size ensembles is evaluated by comparison to larger-size ensembles. A second filtering approach for error covariances is proposed (Wiener filter), producing similar results over the 1-month simulation period than a Schur filter. We conclude that key information about error variances and spatial error correlation structures are recoverable from small-size ensembles of about ten (10) members down to five (5), improving the representation of transport errors in mesoscale inversions of CO2 fluxes. Moreover, error variances of in situ near-surface and free-tropospheric CO2 mole fractions differ significantly from total column XCO2 error variances. We conclude that error variances for remote sensing observations need to be quantified independently of in situ CO2 mole fractions due to the complexity of spatial error structures at different altitudes. However, we show the potential use of meteorological error structures such as the mean horizontal wind speed, directly available from Ensemble Prediction Systems, to approximate spatial error correlations of in situ CO2 mole fractions, with similarities in seasonal variations and characteristic error length scales.
ELIFAN, an algorithm for the estimation of cloud cover from sky
imagers
Authors: Lothon Marie , Barnéoud Paul , Gabella Omar , Lohou Fabienne , Derrien Solène , Rondi Sylvain , Chiriaco Marjolaine , Bastin Sophie , Dupont Jean-Charles , Haeffelin Martial , Badosa Jordi , Pascal Nicolas , Montoux Nadège
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In the context of an atmospheric network of multi-instrumented sites equipped with sky camera for cloud monitoring, we present an algorithm named ELIFAN which aims at estimating the cloud cover amount from full sky visible daytime images with a common principle and procedure. ELIFAN was initially developped for a self-made full sky image system presented in this article, and adapted to a set of other systems in the network. It is based on red over blue ratio thresholding for the distinction of cloudy and clear sky pixels of the image, and on the use of a blue sky library. Both an absolute (without use of reference image) and a differential (based on a blue sky reference image) red/blue ratio thresholding are used. An evaluation of the algorithm based on a one-year long series of images shows that the proposed algorithm is very convincing for most of the images, with more than 95 % of relevance in the process, outside the sunrise and sunset transitions. During those latter periods though, ELIFAN has large difficulties to appropriately process the image, due to a drastic difference of color composition and a potential confusion between clear and cloudy sky at that time. The two thresholding methodologies, the absolute and the differential red/blue ratio thresholding processes, agree very well with departure usually below 8 %, except in sunrise/sunset periods and in some specific conditions. The use of the clear sky library gives generally better results than the absolute process. Especially, it better detects the thin cirrus clouds. But the absolute thresholding process turns out to be sometimes better, for example in fully cloudy skies. The combination of pyranometer, ceilometer and sky camera illustrates the performance of ELIFAN, and reveals the comple-mentarity of the three instruments. We especially show that a similar cloud cover amount is deduced from both the sky imager and the ceilometer when the clouds are low (below 3 km). But they can lead to significantly different cloud cover estimates when the clouds are high. In this case, we find that the sky imager catches more appropriately the cloud cover estimate, due to its 2D integrated point of view and to the loss of sensitivity of the ceilometer above 7 km.
Granite microporosity changes due to fracturing and alteration: secondary mineral phases as proxies for porosity and permeability estimation
Authors: Staněk Martin , Géraud Yves
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Several alteration facies of fractured Lipnice granite are
studied in detail on borehole samples by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry,
polarized and fluorescent light microscopy, and microprobe chemical analyses. The goal is
to describe the granite void space geometry in the vicinity of fractures with alteration
halos and to link specific geometries with simply detectable parameters to facilitate
quick estimation of porosity and permeability based on, for example, drill cuttings. The
core of the study is the results of porosity and throat size distribution analyses on 21
specimens representing unique combinations of fracture-related structures within six
different alteration facies basically differing in secondary phyllosilicate chemistry and
porosity structure. Based on a simple model to calculate permeability from the measured
porosities and throat size distributions, the difference in permeability between the
fresh granite and the most fractured and altered granite is 5 orders of magnitude. Our
observations suggest that the porosity, the size of connections and the proportion of
crack porosity increase with fracture density, while precipitation of iron-rich infills
as well as of fine-grained secondary phyllosilicates acts in the opposite way. Different
styles and intensities of such end-member agents shape the final void space geometry and
imply various combinations of storage, transport and retardation capacity for specific
structures. This study also shows the possibility to use standard mercury intrusion
porosimetry with advanced experimental settings and data treatment to distinguish
important differences in void space geometry within a span of a few percent of porosity.
Martyrdom and Mapuche Metal: Defying Cultural and Territorial Reductions in Twenty-First-Century Wallmapu
Authors: Rekedal Jacob
Published: February 2019

Seventeen-year-old Alex Lemún was shot in 2002 while retaking ancestral lands for his people, the Mapuche, on the western side of the Andes in the Southern Cone. The song “Weichafe Alex Lemún” by the band Pewmayén memorialized Lemún as a weichafe (warrior) and helped spark a new musical movement. Pewmayén’s fusion of ritual sounds with heavy metal both valorized traditional expressions and opened sociocultural boundaries that historically isolated those expressions from non-Mapuche society. Musical analysis and ethnographic description demonstrate how Mapuche music is opening new territories of sound and meaning, with serious implications for indigenous empowerment and cultural continuity.

Alex Lemún fue disparado en 2002, con diecisiete años de edad, mientras participaba en una toma de tierras ancestrales por parte de su pueblo, los Mapuche, al lado oeste de los Andes en el Cono Sur. La canción “Weichafe Alex Lemún” del grupo Pewmayén honró a Lemún como un weichafe (guerrero) y ayudó a iniciar un nuevo movimiento musical. La fusión llevada a cabo por Pewmayén, de los sonidos rituales con la música metal, valorizó las expresiones tradicionales y abrió los bordes socioculturales que históricamente aislaban tales expresiones de la sociedad mestiza adyacente. Análisis musical y descripción etnográfica demuestran cómo la música mapuche está abriendo nuevos territorios de sonido y significado, con implicaciones serias para el empoderamiento y la continuidad cultural de pueblos originarios.
Adult Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries
Authors: Noland Shelley S. , Bishop Allen T. , Spinner Robert J. , Shin Alexander Y.
Published: February 2019

Adult traumatic brachial plexus injuries are devastating life-altering injuries occurring with increasing frequency. Evaluation includes a detailed physical examination and radiologic and electrodiagnostic studies. Critical concepts in surgical management include knowledge of injury patterns, timing of surgery, prioritization in restoration of function, and management of patient expectations. Options for treatment include neurolysis, nerve grafting, or nerve transfers and should be generally performed within 6 months of injury. The use of free functioning muscle transfers can improve function both in the acute and late setting. Modern patient-specific management can often permit consistent restoration of elbow flexion and shoulder stability with the potential of prehension of the hand. Understanding the basic concepts of management of this injury is essential for all orthopaedic surgeons who treat trauma patients.
FUNCTIONING OF SOCIAL WELFARE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF ŁAZY
Authors: Wolniak Radosław
Published: February 2019

The aim of the publication is to analyse the functioning of social assistance on the attachment of the municipal office in Łazy and to determine the level of involving of this city in the social welfare activities. The work assumes the hypothesis that the municipal office in Łazy is strongly involved in welfare activities. Social assistance is an important element of the proper functioning of local self-government. It is very important from the point of view of all kinds of groups of people excluded, for example the disabled, who are unable to function without this kind of help. The research methods adopted at work were critical analysis of the subject literature and analysis of documentation from the office.
CONSUMER PROTECTION PRACTICE ON EXAMPLE OF A CHOSEN POWIUMENT DISTRICT
Authors: Chowaniec Magdalena
Published: February 2019

High activity of consumer protection policy is characterized by countries with fast-growing market economies. Increasing consumption increases the need to protect an entity recognized as a clearly weaker party to economic transactions, namely the consumer. The purpose of this article is to present the institution of a selected Poviat Consumer Ombudsman, his position in the public administration system and to emphasize a particularly important role in self-government bodies. The basic research method adopted in this article is the case study analysis and the literature analysis of the subject
HOW TO DEVELOP MODERN NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY USING MACROPUDENTIAL POLICY
Authors: Alimpiiev Yevhenii
Published: February 2019

The purpose of the article is to explain the impact of macro-prudential policy on the state of macroeconomic security on the example of the Polish economy. Macroprudential policy is important in the system of ensuring the economic security of the country and is a relatively new direction of monetary authorities. Quantitative macro-prudential policy can be characterized by the values of key macroprudential indicators of the financial sphere – an extensive list of capital ratios of financial institutions, values of macroprudential „buffers” and others. The national economic security of the country is related to the socioeconomic
stability of society and the positive dynamics of the economy. Therefore, we used macroeconomic equilibrium indicator to quantify the level of economic security. The article is devoted to the search, assessment and analysis of the relationship between these two phenomena - macroprudential policy and the security of the national economy.
TYPOLOGY OF STAKEHOLDERS – THEORETICAL ASPECT
Authors: Korenkiewicz Aleksandra
Published: February 2019

Contemporary strategy of management is increasingly based on the principles of social responsibility, in which stakeholder plays main role. The formation of relations, building network of cooperation at the level of stakeholder-enterprise is one of more important factors of achieving the objective of enterprise. The article presents the grounds of identification and classification of stakeholders (from internal and external environment). Proper identification of their needs and expectations towards enterprise allows to form consciously relation, which builds the value for enterprise and stakeholders.
Self-perception and popular practices of oral health among black slave descendants elderly women in Brazil
Authors: Neves Silveira de Souza Maria Fernanda , Fernandes Fonseca Sandes Luiza , Miranda Brito Araújo Amanda , Antunes Freitas Daniel
Published: February 2019

Objective: To investigate the perception and oral health practices among older quilombola women (black population group, descendants of slaves in Brazil). Methods: Qualitative research with elderly women living in a rural community formed by descendants of slaves in Brazil. The study was performed through a semi-structured interview with nine of the rural community residents and following content analysis of the narratives. Results: All elderly women are edentulous (partially or totally) and dental problems that led them to use natural means of pain relief were identified. With the analysis of the transcripts, three main categories emerged: the elderly of Quilombola Rural Community Julia Mulata and edentulism; self-perceived oral health of older women of the Quilombola Rural Community Julia Mulata; Popular practices used in the presence of health problems. Conclusion: Quilombola elderly consider the loss of teeth as natural aging; they present life stories linked to dental problems; seek to solve their dental problems with the use of traditional folk therapies.
O dharma na impermanência da web: difusão e transformações do zen-budismo na internet (2015-2017)
Authors: André Richard Gonçalves
Published: February 2019

No Brasil, com o envelhecimento e a morte dos primeiros imigrantes nipônicos, o Budismo étnico tem enfrentado desafios para sua perpetuação. Tendo em vista esse contexto histórico, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a difusão do Zen Budismo no Youtube no período de 2015 a 2017, utilizando como fontes primárias os vídeos da Monja Coen, religiosa não descendente de japoneses que tem atuado no universo midiático nos últimos anos. Como metodologia, os vídeos são discriminados em diferentes categorias, sendo analisados tanto a partir de seus conteúdos quanto de sua composição audiovisual. Da perspectiva teórica, são utilizados os conceitos de representação e apropriação propostos, respectivamente, por Roger Chartier e Michel de Certeau. Como resultados, percebe-se que a divulgação do Zen na Web tem permitido que a religião consiga transcender as fronteiras étnicas, seja com a divulgação das ideias e práticas em português, seja com o diálogo com questões da sociedade atual.
Ciências da religião e teologia: evolução de uma relação
Authors: Faria Paulo Antonio Couto
Published: February 2019

Historicamente, as ciências da religião e a teologia construíram itinerários próprios, mas não indiferentes entre si. Ainda que a configuração das ciências da religião na Europa e na América do Norte acentue a sua autonomia, é notório, nos seus primeiros passos, o inevitável encontro com a teologia. No Brasil este encontro estendeu-se em quantidade e qualidade, motivado pela natural proximidade de questões, pelo contexto socioeclesial e, mais recentemente, por razões de ordem epistemológicas, oportunizando o reconhecimento civil público das duas ciências pelos órgãos competentes de governo.  Isto significa que a teologia e as ciências da religião estão sob os mesmos deveres e direitos de qualquer outra área de conhecimento. A conquista dessa condição foi marcada por conflitos internos e externos, que foram pouco a pouco dissolvidos por debates carregados de tensão e maturidade, conduzidos com maestria pela vocação interdisciplinar característica das partes. Este artigo aponta momentos importantes da edificação da relação entre as ciências da religião e a teologia; os conflitos, resolvidos, e os que ainda permanecem; alguns desafios e tarefas comuns que visam aprofundar e tornar mais fecunda a relação construída.
Gesellschaftsrecht
Authors: Kindl Johann
Published: February 2019

Das Gesellschaftsrecht spielt im Examen neben dem Handelsrecht eine zunehmend bedeutsamere Rolle. Die profunde Kenntnis der gesellschaftsrechtlichen Grundlagen ist deshalb unerlässlich. Das Lehrbuch behandelt neben den Grundlagen des Gesellschaftsrechts die klausurrelevanten Gesellschaftsformen der GbR, oHG, KG, GmbH und der AG. Die 2. Auflage wurde grundlegend überarbeitet: Nicht nur wurden alle Nachweise und die Rechtsprechung durchgehend aktualisiert. Neu aufgenommen wurde auch ein neues Kapitel zum Recht der Aktiengesellschaft. Fälle und Beispiele veranschaulichen streitige Fragestellungen und rechtlich komplexe Gesellschaftskonstellationen; Vertiefungs- und Wiederholungsfragen ermöglichen eine Kontrolle des Gelernten.
Die Bankenbranche im Wandel
Authors: Schuster Hannes , Hastenteufel Jessica
Published: February 2019

Die Neuauflage des erfolgreichen Werkes liefert in aktualisierter und erweiterter Fassung einen wissenschaftlich fundierten Überblick über die aktuellen Entwicklungen im Bankgewerbe und über die hieraus resultierenden Herausforderungen für Kreditinstitute. Auf Basis der Untersuchung der aktuellen wirtschaftlichen Situation und unter besonderer Berücksichtigung historischer Begebenheiten werden sowohl allgemeine Trends – insbesondere die Digitalisierung, der demografische Wandel, die gesellschaftliche Entwicklung hin zur Nachhaltigkeit sowie die Globalisierung – als auch branchenspezifische Entwicklungen – wie beispielsweise die sich verschärfende Regulatorik, die Niedrigzinsphase und der anhaltende Vertrauensverlust in die Bankenbranche – dargestellt, erläutert und hinsichtlich möglicher Handlungsfelder und -alternativen analysiert. Hierbei kommt neben der wissenschaftlich fundierten Betrachtung vor allem der Praxisnähe und -relevanz eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Daher ist das Buch nicht nur für Wirtschaftswissenschaftler, sondern auch für Experten aus dem Bankgewerbe sowie für interessierte Kenner der Finanzbranche von großem Interesse.
Rozvoj neformálního vzdělávání sportovních trenérů
Authors: Gállová Tereza , Jůva Vladimír
Published: February 2019

The development of a sports coach is a complex and long-term process in which his education plays theessential role. In addition to formal education, the modern concept of lifelong learning also emphasizesnon-formal and informal learning. However, this area of log life education of sports coaches is not yetsufficiently empirically explored.We conducted two questionnaire surveys in 2011 (n = 142) and 2016 (n = 142). They aimed to describenon-formal education and informal learning among selected coaches and to find out whatfuture educational opportunities these coaches have and what limits they identify in their furthereducation. The comparison of the investigations was aimed at determining whether, after five years,the non-formal and informal education of selected sports trainers developed.The data we find compared to 2011 and 2016 show some improvement in the access of selectedcoaches to non-formal and informal learning. The results also indicate institutions that participatedirectly or indirectly in coaching, where there are reserves in non-formal education and informal learningof sports coaches.
Komparácia vnútorného zaťaženia brankárov vo futbale v tréningovom procese
Authors: Babic Matej , Holienka Miroslav
Published: February 2019

The main topic of our research was to determine the internal load of goalkeepers in the soccer training process. We focused on the analysis of the achieved heart rate values. In this way we wanted to extend the knowledge of the impact of the various methodical forms on the internal load on soccer goalkeepers, there by supporting the effort to improve the youth training process. We assumed the goalkeepers reached a  significantly different level of heart rate in different methodical forms. Six goalkeeper’s (U16, U17, U19) internal load were analysed by POLAR Team2. To determine statistical significance, we used the Wilcoxon T-test and then we calculated Cohen r (effect size). We found significantly different mean heart rate values in individual methodical forms (T = 0; p ≤ 0.05; r = 0.9).
Vybrané charakteristiky vnútorného zaťaženia elitných mladých futbalistov v prípravných hrách s rôznymi parametrami
Authors: Mikulič Martin
Published: February 2019

The main aim of the study was to find more information about the internal load of elite young soccer players in small-sided games with different parameters. The group consisted of elite soccer players (n = 16) in under 15 years category. The team participated in the 1st Slovak league. We've tracked the time spent by players in selected bioenergetics load zones (% of maximum HR) during small-sided games with 2:2, 3:3 players and 25x18-meter and 30x25-meter playing field. We used the basic mathematical-statistical characteristics and Wilcoxon t-test for non-parametric selections. We found that in the category under 15 years, a larger number of players (3: 3) in the small-sided games indicates less time spent in bio-energy zones 4. and 5. Indirect intentions also apply to the dimensions of the playing field, depending on the time spent in load zones no. 4. and 5. That means that the larger the size of the playing field causes less time spent by players in bio-energy load zones that are imported to us. If we want to use them as a comprehensive training tool (game training), this is what we consider to be an adequate training tool.
Responsible collaborations: Scholarship and cultural heritage assets
Authors: Herold Irene M.H.
Published: February 2019

I recently served as a national consultant on collaborations between libraries and museums. There are not that many articles published about collaborations and cultural heritage collections, although I suspect many unreported activities are being done in the field. From the 2009 program my College Libraries Section (CLS) committee developed when I was CLS chair on town/gown relationships (Our Town, Common Ground) with public and academic librarian panelists to a 2016 article, cultural heritage institutions and collaboration has been a focus of mine. My life and work experiences gave me a broad exposure to a wide variety of cultures, cultural norms, and an appreciation and valuing of diversity, equity, and inclusion.
A glimpse into academic and research libraries in North Korea: Collaboration to bridge societies
Authors: Song Yoo-Seong
Published: February 2019

While many library researchers and practitioners, especially those who are interested in international collaboration, have sought to find ways to engage with the North Korean library system, it has not been fruitful due to the dearth of information as well as political restrictions. The recent détente in the Korean peninsula raises hope that we may now have unprecedented opportunities to learn and understand the country since the Korean War ended in 1953. Obtaining any information on North Korea is still difficult. We need to depend on the information released by the North Korean government and personal records of visitors in various forms. Confirming and validating any research results on the country remains extremely challenging, and this leads to the lack of meaningful scholarly discussion and literature on libraries in North Korea.
Jon E. Cawthorne and Anne Marie Casey share plans for ACRL: Cast an informed vote in the election this spring
Authors: Cawthorne Jon E. , Casey Anne Marie
Published: February 2019

Ed. note: C&RL News offered the candidates for ACRL vice-president/president-elect, Jon E. Cawthorne and Anne Marie Casey, this opportunity to share their views with the membership. Although many of the issues facing ACRL are discussed informally at meetings, we want to use this venue to provide a forum to all members. We hope this will assist you in making an informed choice when you vote in the election this spring.
Los principales hitos jurisprudenciales del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en materia de igualdad de género
Authors: Carmona Cuenca Encarna
Published: February 2019

En el trabajo se realiza un análisis de algunas de las principales sentencias del TEDH en materia de igualdad de género y de derechos humanos con perspectiva de género. Desde 2000, el Tribunal ha dictado varias sentencias que reconocen la existencia de discriminaciones directas por razón de género. En estas sentencias, se ha hecho eco de la nueva tendencia de la sociedad europea a la distribución equitativa de las responsabilidades laborales y familiares entre mujeres y hombres. Sin embargo, el Tribunal no ha argumentado en la misma medida en términos de discriminaciones indirectas o de medidas de acción positiva. Asimismo, en algunas sentencias sobre derechos de las mujeres (en especial, en materia de violencia de género y de derechos sexuales y reproductivos), el TEDH ha aplicado la perspectiva de género, pero lo ha hecho de forma todavía muy insuficiente.The paper analyzes some of the main judgments of the ECHR on gender equality and human rights with a gender perspective. Since 2000, the Court has issued several judgments recognizing the existence of direct discrimination based on gender. In these judgments, it was echoing the new trend of european society to the equitable distribution of work and family responsibilities between women and men. However, the Court has not argued to the same extent in terms of indirect discrimination or positive action measures. Likewise, in some rulings on women’s rights (especially in matters of gender-based violence and sexual and reproductive rights), the ECHR has applied the gender perspective, but has done so in a still insufficient way.
Las sentencias piloto como ejemplo paradigmático de la transformación del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Queralt Jiménez Argelia
Published: February 2019

Después de 50 años desde que el TEDH dictara su primera sentencia, ha llegado el momento de replantearse la función definitoria de esta jurisdicción. Esto supone reconocer y analizar con detalle la tensión existente entre su función de tutela y su función como fijadora de estándares a través de los que se produce el proceso de armonización europea en materia de derechos fundamentales. Este replanteamiento supone, en realidad, determinar cual de las dos funciones, la tuitiva o la armonizadora, debe prevalecer en la determinación de la posición del Tribunal de Estrasburgo en el espacio judicial europeo. Uno de los elementos más claros de esta transformación del Tribunal en el espacio europeo de los derechos humanos es el procedimiento de caso piloto, banco de pruebas de las potencialidades del Tribunal Europeo como Tribunal Constitucional Europeo.Fifty years after the ECtHR delivered its first judgement, the time has come to rethink the defining function of this jurisdiction. That means recognizing and analyzing in detail the tension between its role as a protector of individual rights and its role as a standard-setting body through which the process of European harmonisation in the field of fundamental rights takes place. This rethinking actually means considering which of the two functions, the protective or the harmonising one, should prevail in determining the position of the Court of Strasbourg in the European judicial area. One of the clearest elements of this transformation of the Court is the pilot judgment procedure, which tests the potential of the European Court as the European Constitutional Court.
El derecho de acceso a la información pública en la jurisprudencia del TEDH: un derecho instrumental imprescindible para la eficacia del Convenio desde la teoría general de los derechos
Authors: Hernández Ramos Mario
Published: February 2019

El debate en torno al reconocimiento del derecho de acceso a la información pública en el CEDH ha girado principalmente en torno al art. 10 CEDH. Esta postura se ha visto reforzada con la última sentencia de la Gran Sala Magyar Helsinki Bizottsag c. Hungría (2016) que ha dado carta de naturaleza al mencionado derecho descrito a pinceladas en la jurisprudencia del TEDH más o menos constante desde el 2006, pero destacando el carácter instrumental del mismo. No obstante, este enfoque abarca solo una parte, la principal sin duda, del ámbito que protege el derecho de acceso a la información pública. Sin prestar atención a otros derechos apuntados en la jurisprudencia del TEDH a través de los cuales se ha hecho efectivo el acceso a la información pública, como el art. 8 CEDH y el art. 6.1 CEDH, también de manera instrumental, la definición de este importante derecho estaría inacabada. Por ello, a través de la teoría general de derechos fundamentales, se reconstruyen los elementos configuradores de un derecho fundamental sin reconocimiento explícito en el texto del CEDH pero muy presente en la jurisprudencia del TEDH.The debate on the recognition of the right of access to public information in the ECHR has dealt mainly with art. 10 ECHR. This has been reinforced by the last ECtHR ruling Magyar Helsinki Bizottsag v. Hungary (2016) that has been declared in the case law of the ECtHR since 2006, but highlighting its instrumental nature. However, this approach covers only one part, the main one, of the scope that protects the right of access to public information. Without paying attention to other rights pointed out in the ECHR jurisprudence through which access to public information has become effective, such as art. 8 ECHR and art. 6.1 ECHR, also instrumentally, the definition of this important right would be unfinished. Therefore, through the general theory of fundamental rights, the constitutive elements of a fundamental right without explicit recognition in the text of the ECHR but very present in the jurisprudence of the ECHR are reconstructed.
La evolución del sistema europeo de protección de derechos humanos
Authors: López Guerra Luis
Published: February 2019

El sistema europeo de protección de derechos humanos resultante del Convenio Europeo de 1950 ha experimentado una notable evolución desde su creación, tanto en oo que se refiere a su extensión como a sus objetivos y procedimientos. Al menos tres fases son visibles en esa evolución; una primera fase, inicialmente orientada a una colaboración interestatal, protagonizada por la Comisión Europea de Derechos Humanos; una segunda fase, centrada en la protección individualizada de los derechos del Convenio por el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos; y finalmente, parecería apuntarse una tercera, caracterizada por la incipiente adopción de una función cuasi-constitucional del Tribunal de Estrasburgo.The European system of protection of human rights created by the European Convention of 1950 has been subject of a deep evolution since its creation, concerning both its extension and its goals and proceedings. Three phases aat least are visible in this evolution: a first phase, initially oriented to an inter-State collaboration, where the main role corresponded to the European Comission of Human Rights; a second phase, centered on the individualised protection of Convention rights by the European Court of Humna Rights; and finally, ir seems that a third phase is starting, in which the Strasbourg Court is assuming a quasi-constitutional function.
EMPREGO DE PREBIÓTICO EM DOCE DE LEITE BUBALINO VISANDO À REDUÇÃO DA SACAROSE
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Cardoso Alice Espíndola Moreira , Verruck Silvani , Cardoso Luiza Medeiros , Canella Maria Helena Machado , Prudencio Elane Schwinden
Published: February 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da substituição parcial da sacarose pela oligofrutose nas propriedades físico-químicas, de cor e de textura do doce de leite produzido com leite de búfala. Assim, primeiramente foram determinadas as propriedades físico-químicas do leite, e na sequência o mesmo foi utilizado para elaborar os doces de leite de búfala. Dos doces de leite foi determinado o rendimento, suas propriedades físico-químicas, de cor e de textura. Ao final verificou-se que o rendimento e os valores do pH foram maiores para o doce de leite de búfala com oligofrutose. A oligofrutose não influenciou sobre o teor de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez, umidade, atividade de água e sais minerais do doce de leite de búfala. O uso da oligofrutose contribuiu para a obtenção de um doce de leite mais escuro, mas foi observado um predomínio da cor amarela em todos os doces elaborados. Por fim, a adição de oligofrutose contribuiu para obtenção de um doce de leite de búfala mais firme, mais adesivo e que requer maior energia para ser mastigado.
DEVELOPMENT OF FREEZE DRIED SUGARCANE JUICE POWDER
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Magro Camila Dal , Bulegon Raquel , Gomes Gilmar de Almeida
Published: February 2019

Sugarcane juice is composed by 75 to 82% of water and 18 to 25% of soluble solids, which are constituted by sucrose, glucose, fructose, and lower amounts of amino acids, acids, waxes, fats, pigments, and inorganic salts. Due to its nutritional properties, sugarcane juice has shown potential to fulfill athletes’ energy needs. The aim of this work was to obtain sugarcane juice powder using freeze drying, perform the physicochemical characterization of the raw material and the powder obtained and to determine the powder solubility. The sugarcane juice in natura showed average soluble solid content of 17.71º Brix and ratio of 46.83; its average contents of calcium and magnesium were 33.94mg.100mL-1 and 10.82mg.100mL-1, respectively. The powder showed good solubility and satisfied the legislation requirements with respect to moisture. The water activity obtained (0.49) allowed inhibition of bacterial growth and significant reduction of chemical and enzymatic reactions, contributing to extend the shelf life of products.
STUDY OF REFRIGERATION SYSTEM IMPACT ON VITAMIN C AND TOTAL POLYPHENOLS CONTENT AND MASS VARIATION OF Fragaria vesca L. FOR INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Schmitz Fernanda Raquel Wust , Hoffmann Tuany Gabriela ,   Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Angioletti Betina Louise , Curbani Luana , Bertoli Sávio Leandro , Carvalho Lisiane Fernandes de , Souza Carolina Krebs de
Published: February 2019

Strawberry is a non-climacteric pseudofruit that has a short shelf life after harvest. Among the factors responsible for the strawberries quality loss are the high metabolic activity and high susceptibility to microbial attack, mainly by fungi. The objective of this work is to study physicochemical parameters of strawberries (Fragaria vesca L.) submitted to different cooling system conditions. Strawberries were stored at temperatures of 2 °C and 6 °C with a range of ±1 °C and packed in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) trays wrapped by polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film. Samples were evaluated for their physicochemical aspects, such as: mass variation, vitamin C content and total polyphenols. The assays were done in triplicate. The results show that storage at 6 °C ±1 °C is better to maintain the strawberries quality stored during 6 days, because under these conditions a lower mass variation was obtained. These parameters are associated with low moisture loss, which also assists in the preservation of polyphenols. And storage at 2 °C ±1 °C favored the maintenance of total polyphenols and Vitamin C. With this information it is possible to optimize technologies for this type of food with focus on reducing the environmental impact and waste of food and drinking water, supporting research developed in multinational refrigeration area.
ELABORAÇÃO E ANÁLISE DESCRITIVA E DE ACEITABILIDADE DE BISCOITOS TIPO COOKIES DE SOJA E QUINOA COM E SEM GLÚTEN
Authors:   Faculdade LaSalle de Lucas do Rio Verde, Avenida Universitária, 1000 W, 78455-000, Lucas do Rio Verde, MT, Brasil, Doutora em Engenharia de Alimentos - URI Erechim RS, Scherer Glaciela Cristina Rodrigues da Silva , Martinazzo Janine , Nyari Nádia Ligianara Dewes , Weber Fernanda Hart
Published: February 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver biscoitos tipo cookies com e sem glúten enriquecidos com soja e quinoa. Biscoitos ou cookies são alimentos consumidos pela população de forma geral e não é diferente com os celíacos que encontram dificuldades na adoção de uma dieta totalmente isenta de glúten e com qualidade nutricional. Os cookies foram elaborados e submetidos a análise físico-química e análise sensorial. Na análise sensorial foram realizadas a Análise Descritiva Quantitativa. Os teores de proteína para os dois tipos de cookies foram maiores aos verificados para amostra comercial deste tipo de produto. Os resultados da Análise Descritiva Quantitativa demonstraram que o cookie sem glúten foi considerado moderado, mas ainda superior (mais doce) do que o cookie sem glúten. Com relação à aceitabilidade, os cookies obtiveram médias ligeiramente superiores a “gostei moderadamente” na escala utilizada e não diferiram estatisticamente (p<0,05) para todos os atributos avaliados, exceto para o sabor.
COMPARAÇÃO DE METODOLOGIAS PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DA ACIDEZ TITULÁVEL DE LEITE UHT (Ultra High Temperature), PRODUZIDOS EM DIFERENTES ESTAÇÕES DO ANO
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos e Engenharia Química - DEAQ, Rigo Elisandra , Cavalheiro Darlene , Polmann Gabriela , Badia Vinicius , Becker Alexandra Fabíola
Published: February 2019

O leite é um meio natural para crescimento de micro-organismos, neste sentido, a análise de acidez é considerada um teste de qualidade higiênico-sanitário e prova de rotina na indústria de lácteos. Segundo as metodologias descritas na normativa n° 68 como método A e método B, resultam na acidez em ºDornic, com isso o objetivo visa comparar os métodos e verificar se há influência das estações do ano nos resultados de acidez para o leite UHT (Ultra High Temperature) integral, semidesnatado e desnatado, totalizando 511 litros analisados. Todos os leites avaliados apresentaram acidez titulável entre a faixa estabelecida pela legislação (14 a 18 °D). Os resultados desta pesquisa indicaram haver diferença entre os valores de acidez mensurados pelos métodos A e B, sendo os menores valores de acidez obtidos pelo método B para o leite integral no outono, e desnatado e semidesnatado no verão.
SALSICHAS TIPO HOT DOG: PERFIL MICROBIOLÓGICO, ISOLAMENTO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE BACTÉRIAS ÁCIDO LÁTICAS (BAL) COM POTENCIAL ANTAGONISTA
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC. Mestrando em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Marco Ivan de , Vogel Cristine , Morandin Gisiéli Carla , Beilke Luniele , Valduga Natália Zini , Zambiazi Eliziane Tais , Martinhago Julia Villain , Schittler Liziane
Published: February 2019

A salsicha é o produto cárneo mais consumido, no entanto, este produto pode apresentar alto risco de contaminação, devido a sua excessiva manipulação durante a produção e comercialização. Este trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar o perfil microbiológico de duas marcas de salsichas, comercializadas em embalagens a vácuo e a granel, bem como isolar bactérias ácido láticas (BAL) com atividade antagonista. Para isto, as salsichas foram submetidas as contagens de micro-organismos mesófilos, psicrotróficos, enterobactérias, BAL, bolores e leveduras, coliformes termotolerantes, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e pesquisa de Salmonella spp.. As maiores contagens de micro-organismos mesófilos, psicrotróficos, enterobactérias e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva foram obtidas em salsichas comercializadas a granel. Não foi identificado a presença de Salmonella spp.. Isolou-se 15 BAL, dentre estas, quatro apresentaram atividade antagonista contra a pelo menos um, dos micro-organismos testados (Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Enteretidis, Bacillus cereus e Escherichia coli). Os quatro isolados de BAL foram sensíveis aos antibióticos ampicilina, penicilina, vancomicina e tetraciclina, o que qualifica para ser utilizado em alimentos. O perfil microbiano da salsicha é variável, está diretamente relacionada com a qualidade na produção e comercialização do produto. As BAL isoladas de salsicha apresentam atividade antagonista contra micro-organismo patogênicos.
Expansion of the fatty acyl reductase gene family shaped pheromone communication in Hymenoptera
Authors: Tupec Michal , Buček Aleš , Janoušek Václav , Vogel Heiko , Prchalová Darina , Kindl Jiří , Pavlíčková Tereza , Wenzelová Petra , Jahn Ullrich , Valterová Irena , Pichová Iva
Published: February 2019

Fatty acyl reductases (FARs) are involved in the biosynthesis of fatty alcohols that serve a range of biological roles. Insects typically harbor numerous FAR gene family members. While some FARs are involved in pheromone biosynthesis, the biological significance of the large number of FARs in insect genomes remains unclear.

Using bumble bee (Bombini) FAR expression analysis and functional characterization, hymenopteran FAR gene tree reconstruction, and inspection of transposable elements (TEs) in the genomic environment of FARs, we uncovered a massive expansion of the FAR gene family in Hymenoptera, presumably facilitated by TEs. The expansion occurred in the common ancestor of bumble bees and stingless bees (Meliponini). We found that bumble bee FARs from the expanded FAR-A ortholog group contribute to the species-specific pheromone composition. Our results indicate that expansion and functional diversification of the FAR gene family played a key role in the evolution of pheromone communication in Hymenoptera.
Time preferences are reliable across time-horizons and verbal versus experiential tasks
Authors: Lukinova Evgeniya , Wang Yuyue , Lehrer Steven F , Erlich Jeffrey C
Published: February 2019

Individual differences in delay-discounting correlate with important real world outcomes, for example education, income, drug use, and criminality. As such, delay-discounting has been extensively studied by economists, psychologists and neuroscientists to reveal its behavioral and biological mechanisms in both human and non-human animal models. However, two major methodological differences hinder comparing results across species. Human studies present long time-horizon options verbally, whereas animal studies employ experiential cues and short delays. To bridge these divides, we developed a novel language-free experiential task inspired by animal decision-making studies. We found that the ranks of subjects’ time-preferences were reliable across both verbal/experiential and second/day differences. Yet, discount factors scaled dramatically across the tasks, indicating a strong effect of temporal context. Taken together, this indicates that individuals have a stable, but context-dependent, time-preference that can be reliably assessed using different methods, providing a foundation to bridge studies of time-preferences across species.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Brain signatures of a multiscale process of sequence learning in humans
Authors: Maheu Maxime , Dehaene Stanislas , Meyniel Florent
Published: February 2019

Extracting the temporal structure of sequences of events is crucial for perception, decision-making, and language processing. Here, we investigate the mechanisms by which the brain acquires knowledge of sequences and the possibility that successive brain responses reflect the progressive extraction of sequence statistics at different timescales. We measured brain activity using magnetoencephalography in humans exposed to auditory sequences with various statistical regularities, and we modeled this activity as theoretical surprise levels using several learning models. Successive brain waves related to different types of statistical inferences. Early post-stimulus brain waves denoted a sensitivity to a simple statistic, the frequency of items estimated over a long timescale (habituation). Mid-latency and late brain waves conformed qualitatively and quantitatively to the computational properties of a more complex inference: the learning of recent transition probabilities. Our findings thus support the existence of multiple computational systems for sequence processing involving statistical inferences at multiple scales.