bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Some 1‐Aryl‐Pyridinium‐3‐Olates
Authors: Çelebi N. , Çetiner O. , Güleç A. , Türker L.
Published: September 2010

In this study, the reactivities of 1‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)‐, 1‐(4,6‐dimethylpyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐, and 1‐(5‐nitro‐2‐pyridyl)‐pyridinium‐3‐olates were tested upon various inductively and mesomerically electron rich dipolarophiles, N‐substituted pyridinium‐3‐olates react across the 2,6‐positions with 2π‐dipolarophiles whereas 4π‐dipolarophiles added across both 2,6 and 2,4 positions of the betaines.
Study of Polyfunctional Diazo Compounds Reactivity in Heterocyclization by the Method of Intramolecular Competitive Reactions
Authors: Bakulev Vasily A. , Morzherin Yury Yu. , Dankova Ekaterina F. , Kolobov Mikhail Yu. , Shafran Yury M. , Lebedev Albert T.
Published: September 2010

New method for the study of reactivity of highly reactive compounds was proposed and applied to determine the effect of substituents in α‐diazoacetamidines, and ‐imidates. The introduction of electron‐releasing groups to the nitrogen atom of the amidine, and imidate functions was shown to increase the reactivity of the substances studied. The results obtained are in good agreement with the heteroelectrocyclic mechanism suggested for the cyclization of these compounds.
Proton NMR Relaxation Studies in Aqueous Solutions of Sugars with Alkali Halides
Authors: Sattiacoumar S. , Arulmozhi V.
Published: September 2010

Proton Magnetic Resonance (PMR) relaxation time measurements were performed in aqueous solutions of maltose and galactose as a function of sugar and alkali halide concentration. The experimental data unambiguously show that the presence of alkali halides highly influences the PMR relaxation process. The nature of molecular interaction in this ternary system is explained on the basis of two state fast exchange model and structure ordering/disordering of alkali halides.
Caractéristiques Électrochimiques Et Énergétiques D'Électrodes Composites à La Chloranile Contenant de La Tourbe
Authors: Kone A. , Dieng M. M. , Fall M. , Aaron J. J.
Published: September 2010

The effect of peat on several electrochemical and energetic properties of new solid composite electrodes, constituted of chloranil, peat and acetylene black has been evaluated. Optimal electrodes have been found to include 60% of chloranil, 19% of acetylene black 19% of peak and 2% of teflon. The influence of the proportion of chloranil and of the acidity of the electrolytic medium (sulfuric acid) on the capacity of the redox system has been also studied.
Selective Synthesis of 3‐Bulkyalkylsubstituted 5‐Aminoisoxazol
Authors: Rouchaud J. , Gustin F. , Moulard C.
Published: September 2010

Methyl 2‐ethylbutyrate (3) plus lithiumdiisopropylamide reacted with methyl iodide to give methyl 2‐ethyl‐2‐methylbutyrate (4). The methylene carbanion of acetonitrile‐generated with lithiumdiisopropylamide‐ reacted with 4 to give 4‐ethyl‐4‐methyl‐3‐oxohexanenitrile (5). 3‐Ketonitrile 5 reacted with hydroxylamine after 20 min of heating to reflux in ethanol to give 4‐ethyl‐4‐methyl‐3‐oxohexanitrile oxime (6). This in aqueous dilute HC1 was selectively and quantitatively transformed into 5‐amino‐3‐(l‐ethyl‐l‐methylpropyl)‐isoxazol (I). Longer heating of 5 with hydroxylamine directly generated a mixture of 7 with its isomer 3‐amino‐5‐(l‐ethyl‐l‐methylpropyl)isoxazol (7b). Reaction conditions were studied for optimization of the 5‐aminoisoxazol 7 synthesis.
Unexpected Hydrolysis of 5‐Aminoisoxazolbenzoylamide Herbicide Isoxaben into 5‐Isoxazolinone
Authors: Rouchaud J. , Gustin F. , Moulard C. , Plisnier M.
Published: September 2010

The benzoylamide derivative of 5‐aminoisoxazol, i.e. the herbicide isoxaben 1 (N‐[3‐(1‐ethyl‐1‐methylpropyl)isoxazol‐5‐yl]‐2,6‐dimethoxybenzamide) was transformed by aqueous acid hydrolysis into the unexpected 5‐isoxazolinone 3 (3‐(1‐ethyl‐1‐methylpropyl)isoxazolin‐5–one) plus mainly 2,6‐dimethoxybenzamide 4. The expected 5‐aminoisoxazol 7 (5‐amino‐3‐(1‐ethyl‐1‐methylpropyl)isoxazol) was not generated, except in very low amounts when high acid concentrations were used. In separate hydrolysis trials made in similar aqueous acid conditions, it was observed that the 5‐aminoisoxazol 7 and 5‐isoxazolinone 3 were not transformed. The 5‐isoxazolinone 3 formed by isoxaben 1 acid hydrolysis thus was the first generated product, and was not formed by the consecutive nucleophilic substitution of 5‐aminoisoxazol 7 which would have been formed in a first step. This unexpected 5‐amino C‐N bond cleavage by nucleophilic attack of H2O at the 5‐C of the isoxazol ring of isoxaben 1 ‐instead of the usual amide CO‐N bond cleavage‐ probably is due to the positive charge existing at the 5‐C atom of the isoxazol ring. The acid hydrolysis pathway observed for isoxaben 1 also is the main soil metabolism pathway. The absence of formation of an aromatic amino compound by chemical hydrolysis reduces the concern as to their potential tranformation into carcinogenic nitroso or azo compounds in soil. On the other hand, isoxaben 1 was not hydrolyzed in aqueous dilute alkali.
Anodic Potential‐Homo Energy Relations of Fluorene Derivatives
Authors: Şen Ş. , Çelebi N. , Türker L. , Önal A. M.
Published: September 2010

Anodic oxidation peak potentials (Ep,a) of some fluorene derivatives were measured on a Pt° electrode versus Ag°/Ag+ in acetonitrile‐TBAFB by cyclic voltammetry. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies of the compounds were calculated within the Huckel molecular orbital (HMO) framework. The measured Ep,a values were correlated to theoretical HOMO energies with a linear regression model.
Metal Ion Complexation in Aqueous Solution by 5‐Thia‐2,8‐Diazanonane‐N,N′‐Diacetic Acid
Authors: Wambeke D. M. , Lippens W. , Herman G. G. , Goeminne A. M.
Published: September 2010

The stability constants of the open‐chain 5‐thia‐2,8‐diazanonane‐N,N′‐diacetic acid with Mg(II), Ca(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) have been determined in aqueous solution (25°C, ionic strength 0.1 mol dm−3 KNO3) by pH potentiometry. The complexation enthalpy change with Cu(II) has been determined by adiabatic calorimetry. The electronic absorption spectra of the Cu(II) and the Ni(II) complexes were recorded. The complexation properties of the ligand are compared with those of the macrocyclic homologue 1‐thia‐4,7‐diazacyclononane‐N,N′‐diacetic acid. The influence of N‐acetic acid substitution on the parent linear diamine 5‐thia‐2,8‐diazanonane is discussed.
X‐Ray Structure of 3‐[1′‐(1″‐Methylypiperidine‐2″‐Iminyl)‐2′,2′,2′‐Trifluoroethylidene]‐1‐Methylpyrrolidin‐2‐One
Authors: Tinant B. , Declercq J. P. , Bouillon J. P. H. , Viehe H. G.
Published: September 2010

The stereochemistry of the title compound, an azadiene (2), is established by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The molecular conformation is discussed.
Synthèse Et Stéréochimie Autour de La Double Liaison CN‐ des Éthers D'Oximes “Les o‐alkyles de l'oxime de naphtaldéhydes‐1 et ‐2″
Authors: Dinia M. N. , Hassikou A. , Lattes A.
Published: September 2010

A aldoximes and some new ether oximes parents of 1‐ and 2‐naphtaldehyde were prepared. They were fully characterized by their 1H and 13C‐N.M.R. Spectra (a rapid and systematic approach of their configuration was obtained).
X‐Ray structures of endo and exo isomers of 6‐tert‐butyl‐2‐piperidone‐4,5‐(n‐phenyldicarboximide)
Authors: Tinant B. , Feneau‐Dupont J. , Declercq J. P. , Nshimyumukiza P.
Published: September 2010

The configuration of the two isomers obtained by the Diels‐Alder reaction of the 2‐azadiene I with N‐phenylmaleimide II (scheme) is established by X‐ray diffraction; The cycloaddition takes place with a high endo selectivity. The geometry of the two isomers is similar and the piperidone ring has a twist conformation in both molecules.
X‐Ray structures of (e)‐6‐tert‐butyl‐5‐phenylsulfonyl‐2‐piperidone and r‐4‐methyl‐c‐6‐phenyl‐t‐5‐phenylsulfonyl‐2‐piperidone
Authors: Tinant B. , Feneau‐Dupont J. , Declercq J. P. , Nshimyumukiza P.
Published: September 2010

The structures of the two title compouds have been established by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The configurations of the products obtained show that the Diels‐Alder reaction of the azadiene I and II with vinylsulfones (scheme) occurs with full exo selectivity.
α‐Cyclization of tertiary amines. Part 2. Via (2 + 2) cycloaddition of β‐aminoacrylonitriles with acetylenedicarboxylate
Authors: Jiang Shuiping , Janousek Zdenek , Viehe Heinz G.
Published: September 2010

The reaction of β‐tert.‐ aminoacrylonitriles 1 a‐1c with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) to give pyrrolizidine, indolizidine and pyrroloazepine is described.
A Convenient Method for Heterolytic Chlorination with Sulfuryl Chloride and Catalysts for the Generation and Recycling of Chlorine
Authors: De Buyck Laurent , Accou Peter
Published: September 2010

By catalyzed decomposition of hot sulfuryl chloride chlorine is produced in the presence of substrates of relatively low reactivity. A condensor system equipped with a cooled solid catalyst recovers and recycles chlorine otherwise escaping with the waste gas. This principle was successfully applied for the heterolytic selective α,β,β‐trichlorination of ethers in the dark. For the equilibrium production of chlorine in hot sulfuryl chloride salts of organic bases were active catalysts at very low concentration, while some cyclic ethers showed autocatalytic activity. Pellets of activated carbon or anion exchanger resin were suitable for a cold catalysis. The recycling improved from about 86% at room temperature to almost quantitative below −10°C over reaction periods up to 6 days.
Synthèse Facile de Nouvelles Thiazolo [3,4‐a] Quinoxalines
Authors: Benchidmi M. , Essassi E. M. , Ferfra S. , Fifani J.
Published: September 2010

Ethyl‐2‐bromo‐2‐(2′‐oxo‐3′‐quinoxalinyl) acetates 3‐4 react with potassium thiocyanate in dimethylformamide, at room temperature, afforded 10‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐imino‐8‐oxo thiazolo [3,4‐a] quinoxalines 7‐8.
Mutal interactions between hydrogen bonds in alcohols ‐ nuclear magnetic relaxation study
Authors: Srinivasa Rao A. , Arulmozhi V. , Rajalakshmi S.
Published: September 2010

Proton NMR relaxation times T1 and T2 were measured in methonal, ethanol, propanol and butanol at a temperature of 37°C and at an RF frequency of 20 MHz. The hydrogen bond energies of the above alcohols are in the range 2.33‐4.56 Kcal/mole. The relaxation time T1 is found to decrease with increase of hydrogen bond energy in these alcohols and this is explained by postulating mutal interactions between adjacent hydrogen bonds.
Tautomerism and rotamerism in 2‐methylamino‐, 2‐anilino‐, 2‐acetamido‐, and 2‐benzamido‐pyridines
Authors: Pietrzycki Władysł,aw , Sepioł Jadwiga , Tomasik Piotr , Brzózka Łukasz
Published: September 2010

Quantum chemical (CNDO‐CI‐1) simulation and theoretical analysis of UV absorption spectra of 2‐amino‐, 2‐methylamino‐, 2‐anilino‐, 2‐acetamido‐, and 2‐benzamido‐pyridines were carried out. A comparison of results with experiment provided information on tautomerism and rotamerism in abovementioned compounds in solution. Contrary to some literature data 2‐aminopyridine in solution exists in dimeric form of 2‐pyridylamine. Also 2‐methylaminopyridine in solution forms a similar dimer. 2‐Anilinopyridine appears in solution as cis‐1 H‐pyridine‐2‐phenylimine tautomer. Both acylamino derivatives of 2‐aminopyridine tautomerize with involvement solely of the carbonyl group to form hydroxyethylideno‐ and hydroxybenzylideno‐2‐aminopyridines, respectively.
Bis[di‐n‐butyl(tri‐ and tetrafluorobenzoato)]tin oxides: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antitumour activity
Authors: Gielen Marcel , El Khloufi Abdelaziz , De Vos Dick , Kolker Herman J. , Schellens Jan H. M. , Willem Rudolph
Published: September 2010

Bis(di‐n‐butyl)(2,3,6‐trifluorobenzoato)‐ and bis(di‐n‐butyl)(2,3,4,5‐tetrafluorobenzoato)tin oxides were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C, 19F and 119Sn NMR as well as by 119mSn Mössbauer spectroscopy. They were screened in vitro against six human tumour cell lines. MCF‐7 and EVSAT. breast cancers, WiDr, a colon carcinoma, IGROV, an ovarian cancer, M19 MEL, a melanoma and A498, a renal cancer.
INTRODUCTION D'UN SYSTEME CAGE DANS DES ANTALGIQUES NON‐STEROIDIENS PAR ALKYLATION EN CATALYSE PAR TRANSFERT DE PHASE (CTP) ET PAR UNE METHODE NON‐CATALYTIQUE AU MOYEN D'UN DERIVE DE L'ADAMANTANE
Authors: Hedayatullah Mir , Nachawati Imad , Maroufi Eric
Published: September 2010

The alkylation of a series of non‐steroidal antalgics by a derivative of adamantane, under phase transfer conditions and by a non‐catalytic procedure was achieved in high yield. In most cases, the new cage structures exhibited more analgesic activity than the corresponding non‐alkylated compounds.
Concerted and Stepwise Mechanisms in Metal‐Free and Metal‐Assisted [4+3] Cycloadditions Involving Allyl Cations
Authors: Fernández Israel , Cossío Fernando P. , de Cózar Abel , Lledós Agustí , Mascareñas José Luis
Published: September 2010

The thermal [4+3] cycloaddition reaction between allenes and tethered dienes (1,3‐butadiene and furan) assisted by transition metals (AuI, AuIII, PdII, and PtII) was studied computationally within the density functional theory framework and compared to the analogous non‐organometallic process in terms of activation barriers, synchronicity and aromaticity of the corresponding transition states. It was found that the metal‐mediated cycloaddition reaction is concerted and takes place via transition structures that can be even more synchronous and more aromatic than their non‐organometallic analogues. However, the processes exhibit slightly to moderately higher activation barriers than the parent cycloaddition involving the hydroxyallylic cation. The bond polarization induced by the metal moiety is clearly related to the interaction of the transition metal with the allylic π* molecular orbital, which constitutes the LUMO of the initial reactant. Finally, replacement of the 1,3‐butadiene by furan caused the transformation to occur stepwise in both the non‐organometallic and metal‐assisted processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhancement of the Conductivity of Ba2In2O5 Through Phosphate Doping.
Authors: Shin J. Felix , Hussey Laura , Orera Alodia , Slater Peter R.
Published: September 2010

The possibility of doping phosphate anions onto the In site of Ba2In2O5 with the aim of reducing the basicity of the system and hence improving long term stability is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures, and Characterization of Open‐Framework Uranyl Germanates.
Authors: Ling Jie , Morrison Jessica M. , Ward Matthew , Poinsatte‐Jones Kelsey , Burns Peter C.
Published: September 2010

The structures of the new uranyl germanates (IV) (monoclinic, space group P21/n, Z = 8), (VII) (orthorhombic, Ama2, Z = 4), and (VIII) (orthorhombic, Pnma, Z = 4) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: SrNp(PO4)2: An Original Ordered Modification of Cheralite.
Authors: Popa Karin , Wallez Gilles , Raison Philippe E. , Bregiroux Damien , Apostolidis Christos , Lindqvist‐Reis Patric , Konings Rudy J. M.
Published: September 2010

The new title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of 237NpO2, Sr(NO3)2, and excess (NH4)2HPO4 (argon; 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of Ag3SbO4.
Authors: Klein Wilhelm , Jansen Martin
Published: September 2010

The new silver antimonate of title is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Ag2O and Sb2O3 under elevated oxygen pressure (autoclave, 50—220 MPa O2, 400—550 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Rhodium(I) Complex‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] and [2 + 1] Cycloadditions of Propargyl Esters with Electron‐Deficient Alkynes and Alkenes.
Authors: Shibata Yu , Noguchi Keiichi , Tanaka Ken
Published: September 2010

A variety of acyloxy‐substituted tertiary propargyl esters undergo the title cycloaddition reaction with acetylenedicarboxylates to give cyclopentadienetricarboxylates.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidative Cleavage of Olefins by RuO4 Organic Solvent‐Free under Ultrasonic Irradiation.
Authors: Rup Sandrine , Sindt Michele , Oget Nicolas
Published: September 2010

New conditions are developed which can also be applied to the oxidation of alcohols and dibenzyl sulfide.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazolidin‐2‐one as Efficient Ligand for the Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Pyrrole, Imidazole and Indole.
Authors: Ma Hengchang , Wu Shang , Sun Qiangsheng , Lei Ziqiang
Published: September 2010

The easy preparation, broad substrate applicability and substituent compatibility of this catalyst system renders the oxazolidine‐2‐one system great advantages over previous Cu‐catalyzed N‐arylation methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridine Core Activation via 1,5‐Electrocyclization of Vinyl Pyridinium Ylides Generated from Bromo Isomerized Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adduct of Isatin and Pyridine: Synthesis of 3‐Spirodihydroindolizine Oxindoles.
Authors: Viswambharan Baby , Selvakumar Kodirajan , Madhavan Suchithra , Shanmugam Ponnusamy
Published: September 2010

The title compounds represent core structures of alkaloid natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Step Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Aminoindazoles from 2‐Bromobenzonitriles.
Authors: Lefebvre Valerie , Cailly Thomas , Fabis Frederic , Rault Sylvain
Published: September 2010

A new, general, and efficient method to prepare substituted 3‐aminoindazoles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N′‐Diamidoketenimines via Coupling of Isocyanides to an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene.
Authors: Hudnall Todd W. , Moorhead Eric J. , Gusev Dmitry G. , Bielawski Christopher W.
Published: September 2010

First reaction of the heterocyclic carbene (I) with isocyanides yielding ketenimines like (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Study of Reaction Between Activated Acetylenes and N,N′‐Diethyl‐2‐thiobarbituric Acid in the Presence of Isocyanides or Triphenylphosphine.
Authors: Marandi Ghasem , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Hazeri Nourallah , Heydari Reza , Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa Habibi , Ebrahimi Ali , Poor Sakineh Mollaee , Mahdiabad Hassan Hosseini , Nassiri Mahmoud , Kabiri Roya
Published: September 2010

The reaction between thiobarbituric acid (I) and acetylenic diesters (II) with isocyanides (III) or triphenylphosphine (V) leads to highly functionalized 4H‐pyrano[2,3‐d]thiopyrimidone (IV) or 1,4‐diionic organophosphorous derivatives (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: H6P2W18O62·18H2 O, a Green and Reusable Catalyst for the Three‐Component, One‐Pot Synthesis of 4,6‐Diarylpyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Derikvand Fatemeh , Ranjbar Leila , Bamoharram Fatemeh F.
Published: September 2010

A Wells‐Dawson type heteropolyacid is used to catalyze the three‐component, one‐pot synthesis of 4,6‐diarylpyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Niobium(V) Chloride: An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Quinoxalines.
Authors: Venkateswarlu Y. , Leelavathi P.
Published: September 2010

With a view to generating combinatorial libraries for drug discovery the title compounds are prepared by a new and mild method.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Eight‐Membered Hydroquinolines Related to Alkaloid Skeletons via Addition of 4‐Hydroxycoumarin or 4‐Hydroxypyran‐2‐one to Quinolinium Salts.
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Mirjafary Zohreh , Saeidian Hamdollah , Taheri Salman , Soltanzadeh Bardia
Published: September 2010

The quinolinium salts are used as either bromide or iodide (not defined) to give polycyclic methano‐bridged oxazocinones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Diethyl α,α‐Chlorofluoroalkanephosphonates.
Authors: Guan Zhi , Wu Di , Fu Jian‐Ping , He Yan‐Hong
Published: September 2010

A wide range of α,α‐chlorofluoroalkanephosphonates (III) are synthesized via nucleophilic chlorination of corresponding α‐hydroxyphosphonates (I) followed by electrophilic fluorination.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functional Phosphines with ortho‐Substituted Aryl Groups: 2‐RC6H4PH2 and 2‐RC6H4P(SiMe3)2 (R = 2‐i‐Pr‐ or 2‐t‐Bu‐).
Authors: Dugal‐Tessier Julien , Kuhn Paul‐Steffan , Dake Gregory R. , Gates Derek P.
Published: September 2010

Moderately bulky phosphines (V) are synthesized from commercially available 2‐substituted anilines.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Unsaturated Thioglycopyranosides Employing Molecular Iodine.
Authors: Reddy Basi V. Subba , Divyavani Ch. , Yadav Jhillu S.
Published: September 2010

The mild conditions allow high conversions in a short time and the α‐isomers are obtained as main or exclusive products.
ChemInform Abstract: Antitumoral Alkaloids from Clausena lansium.
Authors: Maneerat Wisanu , Laphookhieo Surat
Published: September 2010

Mafaicheenamine A‐C (I)‐(III) are isolated from the twigs of Clausena lansium.
ChemInform Abstract: A Procedure for Facile Synthesis of Nucleosides Using N,O‐Bistrimethylsilylacetamide in the Presence of Natural Phosphate Coated with Potassium Iodide.
Authors: Baddi Laila , Smietana Michael , Sebti Said , Vasseur Jean‐Jacques , Lazrek Hassan B.
Published: September 2010

Several α‐D/L‐arabino and β‐D/L‐xylonucleosides, such as (III) and (V) are synthesized in good yields under mild conditions by N‐glycosylation of 1‐O‐acetyl D/L‐arabino and xylofuranose, with silylated nucleobases using natural phosphate coated with KI in BSA as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Antitumor Agents. Part 271. Total Synthesis and Evaluation of Brazilein and Analogues as Antiinflammatory and Cytotoxic Agents.
Authors: Yen Chiao‐Ting , Nakagawa‐Goto Kyoko , Hwang Tsong‐Long , Wu Pei‐Chi , Morris‐Natschke Susan L. , Lai Wan‐Chun , Bastow Kenneth F. , Chang Fang‐Rong , Wu Yang‐Chang , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung
Published: September 2010

The first total synthesis of the unique tetracyclic homoisoflavonoid brazilein (Va) and some new ester, ether and carbamate analogues is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Intercalation Chemistry in a LDH System: Anion Exchange Process and Staging Phenomenon Investigated by Means of Time‐Resolved, in situ X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: Taviot‐Gueho Christine , Feng Yongjun , Faour Azzam , Leroux Fabrice
Published: September 2010

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconium Dioxide with Defined Particle Morphology and a Hierarchically Structured Pore System by Combined Exo‐ and Endotemplate Synthesis
Authors: Glaeser R. , Heinrich A. , With P. , Lutecki M. , Fichtner S. , Boehringer B.
Published: September 2010

Review: 9 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Heterospin Complexes: The Multinuclear Compounds of Transition Metals with Nitroxyl Radicals
Authors: Fursova E. Yu. , Ovcharenko V. I.
Published: September 2010

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyhydroxylated Carbobicyclic Sugar Mimics. Part 1. Synthesis of Racemic Derivatives
Authors: Nowogrodzki Marcin , Jarosz Slawomir
Published: September 2010

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Toward Carbyne: Synthesis and Stability of Really Long Polyynes
Authors: Tykwinski Rik R. , Chalifoux Wesley , Eisler Sara , Lucotti Andrea , Tommasini Matteo , Fazzi Daniele , Del Zoppo Mirella , Zerbi Giuseppe
Published: September 2010

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Selectivity Problem in Electrophilic Fluorination of Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Borodkin G. I. , Shubin V. G.
Published: September 2010

Review: 188 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Semiconducting Polymers: The Third Generation
Authors: Heeger Alan J.
Published: September 2010

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Roles of Outer Membrane Cytochromes of Shewanella and Geobacter in Extracellular Electron Transfer
Authors: Shi Liang , Richardson David J. , Wang Zheming , Kerisit Sebastien N. , Rosso Kevin M. , Zachara John M. , Fredrickson James K.
Published: September 2010

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Organophosphorus Compounds: The Role of a Central Research Laborator
Authors: Hall Roger G.
Published: September 2010

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Localization and the Transition from Adiabatic to Nonadiabatic Charge Transport in Organic Conductors
Authors: Stafstroem Sven
Published: September 2010

Review: 74 refs.
Hypoxia‐Selective Growth Inhibition of Cancer Cells by Furospinosulin‐1, a Furanosesterterpene Isolated from an Indonesian Marine Sponge
Authors: Arai Masayoshi , Kawachi Takashi , Setiawan Andi , Kobayashi Motomasa
Published: September 2010

It is generally accepted that cancer cells, which have adapted to the hypoxic environments in tumor tissues, aggravate cancer pathology by promoting tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, compounds that selectively inhibit the growth of tumor cells in hypoxic environments are expected to provide new leads for promising anticancer drugs. Furospinosulin‐1, a marine‐sponge‐derived furanosesterterpene, exhibited selective antiproliferative activity against DU145 human prostate cancer cells under hypoxic conditions in concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 μM. Furospinosulin‐1 also demonstrated antitumor activity at 10–50 mg kg−1 oral administration in a mouse model inoculated with sarcoma S180 cells. Mechanistic analysis revealed that furospinosulin‐1 suppresses transcription of the insulin‐like growth factor‐2 gene (IGF‐2), which is selectively induced under hypoxic conditions through prevention of the binding of nuclear proteins to the Sp1 consensus sequence in the IGF‐2 promoter region.
Gas‐Phase Kinetics of Hydroxyl Radical Reactions with Alkenes: Experiment and Theory
Authors: Daranlot Julien , Bergeat Astrid , Caralp Françoise , Caubet Philippe , Costes Michel , Forst Wendell , Loison Jean‐Christophe , Hickson Kevin M.
Published: September 2010

Reactions of the hydroxyl radical with propene and 1‐butene are studied experimentally in the gas phase in a continuous supersonic flow reactor over the range 50≤T/K≤224. OH radicals are produced by pulsed laser photolysis of H2O2 at 266 nm in the supersonic flow and followed by laser‐induced fluorescence in the (1, 0) A2Σ+←X2Π3/2 band at about 282 nm. These reactions are found to exhibit negative temperature dependences over the entire temperature range investigated, varying between (3.1–19.2) and (4.2–28.6)×10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for the reactions of OH with propene and 1‐butene, respectively. Quantum chemical calculations of the potential energy surfaces are used as the basis for energy‐ and rotationally resolved Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus calculations to determine the rate constants over a range of temperatures and pressures. The negative temperature dependences of the rate constants are explained by competition between complex redissociation and passage to the adducts by using a model with two transition states. The results are compared and contrasted with earlier studies and discussed in terms of their potential relevance to the atmosphere of Saturn.
Binge eating disorder, weight cycling, and psychopathology
Authors: Kuehnel Robert H. , Wadden Thomas A.
Published: September 2010

This study examined differences among a total of 70 obese binge eaters, nonbingers, and problem eaters in depression, cognitive function, weight‐ and eating‐related disturbances, and weight cycling. Subjects diagnosed with binge eating disorder (BED) scored significantly higher on depression and on several measures of cognitive dysfunction than did subjects in the other two groups. In addition, they reported significantly greater preoccupation with thinness and feelings of ineffectiveness, as well as a greater likelihood of eating in response to negative emotions. No relationship, however, was found between binge eating and weight cycling. Comparison of subjects identified as low‐ and high‐weight cyclers revealed no significant differences between these two groups on depression, cognitive dysfunction, or the majority of the other measures of weight‐ and eating‐related disturbance. The findings are discussed in terms of the implications for treating persons with BED and/or a history of weight cycling.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 9/10
Authors: Mönnich Maren , Hess Isabell , Wiest Waltraud , Bachrati Csanad , Hickson Ian D. , Schorpp Michael , Boehm Thomas
Published: September 2010

This issue's cover consists of a collage of images taken from Mönnich et al. (pp. 2379–2384). In this elegant study, the authors describe the identification and characterization of two deleterious mutations in the zebrafish topoisomerase III alpha (top3a) gene that reveal an unexpected tissue‐specific requirement of top3a function in developing thymocytes. In the forefront, the structure of the E. coli Top3 protein in complex with ssDNA substrate is depicted. In the background, the image depicts a lateral view of rag1‐specific RNA in situ hybridization in a 5‐day post‐fertilization zebrafish embryo, allowing for the detection of differentiating thymocytes.
A Simple and Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Benzo[b]furans by Sonogashira Coupling–5‐endo‐dig Cyclization Catalyzed by Palladium Nanoparticles in Water Under Ligand‐ and Copper‐Free Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Saha Debasree , Dey Raju , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: September 2010

A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of 2‐substituted benzo[b]furan derivatives has been developed by the reaction of 2‐iodophenols and arylacetylenes in water catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles generated in situ in open air. The reaction does not require any additive, ligand, or co‐catalyst. The reaction occurs through Sonogashira coupling of 2‐iodophenols with phenylacetylenes followed by 5‐endo‐dig cyclization. A series of functionalized benzo[b]furan derivatives was obtained in high yields by this procedure.
Falling forward: Lessons learned from critical reflection on an evaluation process with a prisoner reentry program
Authors: Hooper Barbara
Published: September 2010

A formative evaluation of life‐skills learning modules with men and women in a residential prisoner reentry program where careful attention was given to voice, power, and engagement, is described and analyzed. The author reflects on the evaluation process through the critical theory lens of “being self‐critical can illuminate how practices maintain oppressive conditions.” Questions about whose voices remained dominant and whose power was suppressed are discussed. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Identifying candidate causal variants via trans‐population fine‐mapping
Authors: Teo Yik‐Ying , Ong Rick T.H. , Sim Xueling , Tai E‐Shyong , Chia Kee‐Seng
Published: September 2010

Genome‐wide association studies have discovered and confirmed a large number of loci that are implicated with disease susceptibility and severity. Polymorphisms that emerged from these studies are mostly indirectly associated to the phenotype, and the natural progression is to identify the causal variants that are functionally responsible for these association signals. Long stretches of high linkage disequilibrium (LD) benefitted the initial discovery phase in a genome‐wide scan, allowing commercial genotyping products with imperfect coverage to detect genomic regions genuinely associated with the phenotype. However, regions of high LD confound the fine‐mapping phase, as markers that are perfectly correlated to the causal variants display similar evidence of phenotypic association, hampering the process of differentiating the functional polymorphisms from neighboring surrogates. Here, we explore the potential of integrating information across different populations for narrowing the candidate region that a causal variant resides in, and compare the efficacy of this process of trans‐population fine‐mapping with the extent of variation in patterns of LD between the populations. In addition, we explore two different strategies for pooling data across multiple populations for the purpose of prioritizing the rankings of the causal variants. Our results clearly establish the benefits of trans‐population analysis in reducing the number of possible candidates for the causal variants, particularly in genomic regions displaying strong evidence of inter‐population LD variation. Directly integrating the statistical evidence by summing the test statistics outperforms the standard meta‐analytic procedure. These findings have direct relevance to the design and analysis of ongoing fine‐mapping studies. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 653‐664, 2010.© 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multi‐response optimization and empirical modeling of cardiopulmonary responses during manual lifting tasks
Authors: Batish Ajay , Bhattacharya Anirban , Singh Baljeet
Published: September 2010

An experimental study involving five independent lifting variables (namely weight, lift frequency, horizontal distance from the object, operator, and vertical distance) and their interactions was conducted using the Taguchi L27 design. Two responses—heart rate and oxygen uptake—were measured during each trial. To optimize both responses simultaneously, the signal‐to‐noise ratio was normalized to obtain a multi‐response signal‐to‐noise (MRSN) ratio for each trial. The MRSN ratio was analyzed using analysis of variance to identify the optimal condition in which both responses were optimized at the same time. Lift frequency was found to be the most significant factor, and operator and horizontal distance were found to be least significant. The empirical modeling equation was developed and can be used to predict the response values during experimental trials involving similar work conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel 19F agent for detection and quantification of human dendritic cells using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bonetto Fernando , Srinivas Mangala , Heerschap Arend , Mailliard Robbie , Ahrens Eric T. , Figdor Carl G. , de Vries I. Jolanda M.
Published: September 2010

Monitoring of cell therapeutics in vivo is of major importance to estimate its efficacy. Here, we present a novel intracellular label for 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based cell tracking, which allows for noninvasive, longitudinal cell tracking without the use of radioisotopes. A key advantage of 19F MRI is that it allows for absolute quantification of cell numbers directly from the MRI data. The 19F label was tested in primary human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells. These cells took up label effectively, resulting in a labeling of 1.7 ± 0.1 × 1013
19F atoms per cell, with a viability of 80 ± 6%, without the need for electroporation or transfection agents. This results in a minimum detection sensitivity of about 2,000 cells/voxel at 7 T, comparable with gadolinium‐labeled cells. Comparison of the detection sensitivity of cells labeled with 19F, iron oxide and gadolinium over typical tissue background showed that unambiguous detection of the 19F‐labeled cells was simpler than with the contrast agents. The effect of the 19F agent on cell function was minimal in the context of cell‐based vaccines. From these data, we calculate that detection of 30,000 cells in vivo at 3 T with a reasonable signal to noise ratio for 19F images would require less than 30 min with a conventional fast spin echo sequence, given a coil similar to the one used in this study. This is well within acceptable limits for clinical studies, and thus, we conclude that 19F MRI for quantitative cell tracking in a clinical setting has great potential.
Mutations in FKBP10 cause recessive osteogenesis imperfecta and bruck syndrome
Authors: Kelley Brian P , Malfait Fransiska , Bonafe Luisa , Baldridge Dustin , Homan Erica , Symoens Sofie , Willaert Andy , Elcioglu Nursel , Van Maldergem Lionel , Verellen-Dumoulin Christine , Gillerot Yves , Napierala Dobrawa , Krakow Deborah , Beighton Peter , Superti-Furga Andrea , De Paepe Anne , Lee Brendan
Published: September 2010

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder of connective tissue characterized by bone fragility and alteration in synthesis and posttranslational modification of type I collagen. Autosomal dominant OI is caused by mutations in the genes (COL1A1 or COL1A2) encoding the chains of type I collagen. Bruck syndrome is a recessive disorder featuring congenital contractures in addition to bone fragility; Bruck syndrome type 2 is caused by mutations in PLOD2 encoding collagen lysyl hydroxylase, whereas Bruck syndrome type 1 has been mapped to chromosome 17, with evidence suggesting region 17p12, but the gene has remained elusive so far. Recently, the molecular spectrum of OI has been expanded with the description of the basis of a unique posttranslational modification of type I procollagen, that is, 3-prolyl-hydroxylation. Three proteins, cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP), prolyl-3-hydroxylase-1 (P3H1, encoded by the LEPRE1 gene), and the prolyl cis-trans isomerase cyclophilin-B (PPIB), form a complex that is required for fibrillar collagen 3-prolyl-hydroxylation, and mutations in each gene have been shown to cause recessive forms of OI. Since then, an additional putative collagen chaperone complex, composed of FKBP10 (also known as FKBP65) and SERPINH1 (also known as HSP47), also has been shown to be mutated in recessive OI. Here we describe five families with OI-like bone fragility in association with congenital contractures who all had FKBP10 mutations. Therefore, we conclude that FKBP10 mutations are a cause of recessive osteogenesis imperfecta and Bruck syndrome, possibly Bruck syndrome Type 1 since the location on chromosome 17 has not been definitely localized. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effects of denosumab on bone turnover markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Eastell Richard , Christiansen Claus , Grauer Andreas , Kutilek Stepan , Libanati Cesar , McClung Michael R , Reid Ian R , Resch Heinrich , Siris Ethel , Uebelhart Daniel , Wang Andrea , Weryha Georges , Cummings Steve R
Published: September 2010

Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to RANKL, decreases bone remodeling, increases bone density, and reduces fracture risk. This study evaluates the time course and determinants of bone turnover marker (BTM) response during denosumab treatment, the percentage of denosumab-treated women with BTMs below the premenopausal reference interval, and the correlations between changes in BTMs and bone mineral density (BMD). The BTM substudy of the Fracture REduction Evaulation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis every 6 Months (FREEDOM) Trial included 160 women randomized to subcutaneous denosumab (60 mg) or placebo injections every 6 months for 3 years. Biochemical markers of bone resorption (serum C-telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX] and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatise [TRACP-5b]) and bone formation (serum procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide [PINP] and bone alkaline phosphatase [BALP]) were measured at baseline and at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Decreases in CTX were more rapid and greater than decreases in PINP and BALP. One month after injection, CTX levels in all denosumab-treated subjects decreased to levels below the premenopausal reference interval. CTX values at the end of the dosing period were influenced by baseline CTX values and the dosing interval. The percentage of subjects with CTX below the premenopausal reference interval before each subsequent injection decreased from 79% to 51% during the study. CTX and PINP remained below the premenopausal reference interval at all time points in 46% and 31% denosumab-treated subjects, respectively. With denosumab, but not placebo, there were significant correlations between CTX reduction and BMD increase (r = −0.24 to −0.44). The BTM response pattern with denosumab is unique and should be appreciated by physicians to monitor this treatment effectively. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Production of biodiesel from wet activated sludge
Authors: Revellame Emmanuel , Hernandez Rafael , French William , Holmes William , Alley Earl , Callahan II Robert
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND: The production of biodiesel from activated sludge obtained from Tuscaloosa, AL was optimized based on the yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) using an in situ transesterification process. An orthogonal central composite response surface design was considered to investigate the main and interaction effects of temperature, methanol to sludge ratio, and catalyst concentration.

RESULTS: The biodiesel yield can be satisfactorily described by the quadratic response surface model with R2 of 0.836 and a statistically not significant lack of fit (p = 0.254). Coded regression coefficients, main effect plots and surface plots indicated that maximum biodiesel yield may be obtained at 75 °C, 30 mL g−1 (methanol/sludge) and 10% volume (catalyst concentration). Numerical optimization showed that at this reaction condition, a biodiesel yield of 3.78% (weight) can be obtained. Experimental verification gave a biodiesel yield of 3.93 ± 0.15% (weight) giving a model error of 7.35%. This indicates high reliability of the model.

CONCLUSIONS: The economic analysis showed that the in situ transesterification of wet activated sludge (84.5% weight moisture) is less economical than the in situ transesterification of dried sludge (5% weight moisture). However, sensitivity analysis indicated that the process can be made more economical by reduction of water to 50% (weight). At this level of moisture, a biodiesel break‐even price of around $7.00 per gallon is attainable, which is still more expensive than petroleum‐based diesel (∼$2.95 per gallon). For the biodiesel from activated sludge to be economically competitive, a biodiesel yield of at least 10% (weight) is necessary. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of combined administration of low‐dose gossypol with steroid hormones on the mitotic phase of spermatogenesis of rat
Authors: Chang Qing , Qian Xiaojing , Xu Zenglu , Zhang Chengxia
Published: September 2010

Our previous studies suggested that combined low‐dose gossypol with steroid hormones possesses a reversible antifertility role on adult male rat. Spermatocyte apoptosis during the meiosis of spermatogenesis is the main reason for the antifertility. This study evaluates the effects of the regimen on the mitosis of spermatogenesis. Thirty‐two adult male rats were divided into four groups randomly, Group GH: rats were fed orally with gossypol acetic acid (GA, 12.5 mg/kg d) and desogestrel (DSG, 0.125 mg/kg d)/ethinylestradiol (EE, 0.025 mg/kg d)/testosterone undecanoate (TU, 100 mg/kg d); Group G: a single dose of GA (12.5 mg/kg d); Group H: the same dosage of DSG/EE/TU as in Group GH; Group C: rats were treated with vehicle (1% methyl cellulose) as control. Testes were removed at the 8th week after treatment to assess the weight, volumes, diameter, and degenerated rate of seminiferous tubule, spermatogonia is quantitated by stereological assay. TUNEL assay and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry were used to determine the germ cell apoptosis and proliferation. The changes of gene expression of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and Ets variant gene 5 (Etv5) were analyzed. The results manifested that the spermatogenesis was suppressed, the type A and intermediate spermatogonia reduced, and spermatocyte and spermatid apoptosis increased both in Group GH and Group H. The expressions of GDNF protein in these two groups were downregulated, but no change was observed in Etv5 expression. However, the numbers of spermatogonia, germ cell apoptosis and proliferation, and the expressions of GDNF and Etv5 were unchanged in Group G compared with Group C. Above all, we concluded that the mitotic phase of spermatogenesis is suppressed by the combination regimen, it might be the steroid hormones in the regimen that caused the reduction of spermatogonia through the downregulation of GDNF. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:671–679, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variability of the monthly European temperature and its association with the Atlantic sea‐surface temperature from interannual to multidecadal scales
Authors: Gámiz‐Fortis S. R. , Esteban‐Parra M. J. , Pozo‐Vázquez D. , Castro‐Díez Y.
Published: September 2010

The relationships between the main patterns of variability of the Atlantic sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) and the European land‐surface temperatures (LSTs) at interannual‐to‐multidecadal time scales are investigated along the period 1872–2004. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used firstly to obtain the main spatio‐temporal patterns of variability of the LSTs and SSTs. Singular Spectral Analysis (SSA) is then used to decompose the time series associated with these patterns into nonlinear trends and quasi‐periodic oscillations, searching for common oscillatory modes to the SSTs and LSTs. The potential predictability of the LSTs based on the SSTs is also analysed. Regarding the SSA results, three robust oscillations of periods around 13.7, 7.5 and 5.2 years, present both in the Atlantic SSTs and north‐western European LSTs, were isolated. These oscillations were found to be associated mainly with a quadripolar SST pattern in the North Atlantic region, usually related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) atmospheric mode of variability. The predictability study revealed that the SSTs of the Atlantic Ocean are able to account for about 12% of the north‐western European LSTs variance. Additionally, an oscillatory component with period around 3.6 years was identified, but no significant connection between SST and LST was found for this mode. In addition, at this time scale, we find that the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is leading the Atlantic SST quadripolar pattern by 6 months. Finally, the analysis of the nonlinear trends showed the presence of oscillations with periods around 60–100 years, both in the SSTs and LSTs. At these later time scales, our results reveal that the multidecadal behaviour of the southern European LSTs is related to Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) during the period 1872–1940, unlike the northern and eastern European LSTs, while, during the period 1941–2004, the AMO sign seems to be present in whole Europe. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Consistency of retrospective reports of peritraumatic responses and their relation to PTSD diagnostic status
Authors: David Annie‐Claude , Akerib Vivian , Gaston Louise , Brunet Alain
Published: September 2010

Few studies have examined whether trauma‐exposed individuals are consistent in their retrospective reports of how they reacted at the time of trauma exposure, and whether this phenomenon has any implications at the diagnostic level. In a series of three longitudinal studies (N = 113) with different timeframes, the authors prospectively investigated the consistency of peritraumatic response scores as a function of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic status. Across the three studies, consistency of scores was better among individuals who either did not develop PTSD or who remitted from it than among those whose PTSD did not remit. These results are consistent with the literature suggesting that compromised memory processes are related to sustained PTSD.
A new noninvasive method for determination of laryngeal sensory function
Authors: Bock Jonathan M. , Blumin Joel H. , Toohill Robert J. , Merati Albert L. , Prieto Thomas E. , Jaradeh Safwan S.
Published: September 2010

Objectives/Hypothesis:

We report a new surface technique for studying sensory conduction in the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN).

Study Design:

Prospective controlled cohort study at an academic tertiary care hospital.

Methods:

Surface stimulation of the vagus nerve 7–10 cm proximal to a surface electrode placed over the cricothyroid muscle was performed in controls and in subjects with needle electromyographic‐confirmed laryngeal neuropathy. Cathodal stimulation was applied below the mastoid process behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Nerve conduction parameters were determined.

Results:

Noninvasive SLN evoked potential studies were performed on healthy volunteers (n = 28) as well as neuropathic subjects (n = 27). Compared to controls, the neuropathic subjects had statistically significant differences in baseline‐to‐peak amplitude, conduction velocity, and intrasubject side‐to‐side amplitude ratio (P <.01) of their surface evoked laryngeal sensory action potential (SELSAP).

Conclusions:

Laryngeal sensory nerve conduction can be determined noninvasively by evaluating SELSAP waveform. This study provides a reproducible method for electrophysiologic evaluation of a sensory branch of the SLN. Laryngoscope, 2011