bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Landslide detection in mountainous forest areas using polarimetry and interferometric coherence
Authors: Ohki Masato , Abe Takahiro , Tadono Takeo , Shimada Masanobu
Published: May 2020

The cloud-free, wide-swath, day-and-night observation capability of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has an important role in rapid landslide monitoring to reduce economic and human losses. Although interferometric SAR (InSAR) analysis is widely used to monitor landslides, it is difficult to use that for rapid landslide detection in mountainous forest areas because of significant decorrelation. We combined polarimetric SAR (PolSAR), InSAR, and digital elevation model (DEM) analysis to detect landslides induced by the July 2017 Heavy Rain in Northern Kyushu and by the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake. This study uses fully polarimetric L-band SAR data from the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 satellite. The simple thresholding of polarimetric parameters (alpha angle and Pauli components) was found to be effective. The study also found that supervised classification using PolSAR, InSAR, and DEM parameters provided high accuracy, although this method should be used carefully because its accuracy depends on the geological characteristics of the training data. Regarding polarimetric configurations, at least dual-polarimetry (e.g., HH and HV) is required for landslide detection, and quad-polarimetry is recommended. These results demonstrate the feasibility of rapid landslide detection using L-band SAR images.
Development of quadruped walking robot with spherical shell: improvement of climbing over a step
Authors: Aoki Takeshi , Asami Keisuke , Ito Satoshi , Waki Shotaro
Published: May 2020

We have proposed and developed a new quadruped walking robot with a spherical shell, called “QRoSS”. QRoSS is a transformable robot that can store its legs in the spherical shell. The shell not only absorbs external forces from all directions, but also improves mobile performance because of its round shape. In rescue operations at a disaster site, carrying robots into a site is dangerous for operators because doing so may result in a second accident. If QRoSS is used, instead of being carried in, robots are thrown in, making the operation safe and easy. We developed the QRoSS series and conducted basic experiments to verify performance, which includes landing, rising and walking through a series of movements. This paper reports details of a mechanical design to improve walking performance and development of the QRoSS V prototype model. We discuss the rising operation and performance of climbing over a high vertical step.
Estimating the proportion of guilty suspects and posterior probability of guilt in lineups using signal-detection models
Authors: Cohen Andrew L. , Starns Jeffrey J. , Rotello Caren M. , Cataldo Andrea M.
Published: May 2020

Background

The majority of eyewitness lineup studies are laboratory-based. How well the conclusions of these studies, including the relationship between confidence and accuracy, generalize to real-world police lineups is an open question. Signal detection theory (SDT) has emerged as a powerful framework for analyzing lineups that allows comparison of witnesses’ memory accuracy under different types of identification procedures. Because the guilt or innocence of a real-world suspect is generally not known, however, it is further unknown precisely how the identification of a suspect should change our belief in their guilt. The probability of guilt after the suspect has been identified, the posterior probability of guilt (PPG), can only be meaningfully estimated if we know the proportion of lineups that include a guilty suspect, P(guilty). Recent work used SDT to estimate P(guilty) on a single empirical data set that shared an important property with real-world data; that is, no information about the guilt or innocence of the suspects was provided. Here we test the ability of the SDT model to recover P(guilty) on a wide range of pre-existing empirical data from more than 10,000 identification decisions. We then use simulations of the SDT model to determine the conditions under which the model succeeds and, where applicable, why it fails.

Results

For both empirical and simulated studies, the model was able to accurately estimate P(guilty) when the lineups were fair (the guilty and innocent suspects did not stand out) and identifications of both suspects and fillers occurred with a range of confidence levels. Simulations showed that the model can accurately recover P(guilty) given data that matches the model assumptions. The model failed to accurately estimate P(guilty) under conditions that violated its assumptions; for example, when the effective size of the lineup was reduced, either because the fillers were selected to be poor matches to the suspect or because the innocent suspect was more familiar than the guilty suspect. The model also underestimated P(guilty) when a weapon was shown.

Conclusions

Depending on lineup quality, estimation of P(guilty) and, relatedly, PPG, from the SDT model can range from poor to excellent. These results highlight the need to carefully consider how the similarity relations between fillers and suspects influence identifications.
Curcumin induces regeneration of β cells and suppression of phosphorylated-NF-κB in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Badr Abeer M. , Sharkawy Howida , Farid Alyaa A. , El-Deeb Somaya
Published: May 2020

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the immunomodulatory effect of curcumin on innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as its inhibitory power on hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic CD1 mice.

Material and methods

Mice were divided into six groups as follows: normal control mice (I), mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with either citrate (II), DEMSO (III), or curcumin (170 mg/kg, 3 times/week, for 28 days) (IV), as well as a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (160 mg/kg) (V) and STZ mice treated with curcumin (VI). The anti-diabetic effect was assessed by estimation of the blood glucose concentration on days 3, 10, 17, 24, and 31. Differential count of white blood cells and the levels of cytokines were also measured at all previous time points. Pancreatic islets were examined for histopathological changes, and the immunohistochemical analysis for insulin and phosphorylated-nuclear factor-kappa B (phospho-NF-κB) was done at the end of the study.

Results

After curcumin administration, hyperglycemia was improved compared to diabetic mice; however, glucose concentration remains above the normal level. Treatment with curcumin selectively increased the count of lymphocytes and monocytes but decreased the granulocyte count in STZ diabetic mice. Diabetic mice treated with curcumin showed lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, as well as a higher level of IL-2 than in diabetic mice. Histopathological alterations that accompanied diabetes induction were ameliorated after curcumin administration. The pancreatic islets of treated diabetic mice displayed a decline in the immunostaining positivity of phospho-NF-κB compared to diabetic mice.

Conclusion

These results suggest that curcumin has anti-diabetic properties as it can improve the damage caused to the pancreatic β cells by its preferential immunomodulatory action on T helper1-related cytokines, as well as the immunosuppressive activity on proinflammatory cytokines.
Reduction based on similarity and decision-making
Authors: El Atik Abd El Fattah A.
Published: May 2020

Reduction of attributes in an information system (IS) is a basic step for IS analysis. The original rough set model of Pawlak depends on an equivalence relation which is strongly constraints. This paper aims to use similarity classes and similarity degrees to obtain a reduction of IS and indicate an approach by using an example from biochemistry to get a quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR). Moreover, signs of each attribute and degrees of memberships are computed to give a decision by using the degree of similarity. The suggested approach gives an increase in decision-making and decision accuracy.
Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Pre-Existing Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Microscopic Colitis
Authors: Grover Shilpa , Ruan Alex B. , Srivoleti Padmavathi , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Braschi-Amirfarzan Marta , Srivastava Amitabh , Buchbinder Elizabeth I. , Ott Patrick A. , Kehl Kenneth L. , Awad Mark M. , Hodi F. Stephen , Rahma Osama E.
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE:

Enterocolitis is among the leading adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). There are limited retrospective data regarding the safety of ICIs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease) because they have been generally excluded from clinical trials testing ICIs. Furthermore, there are no outcome data available in patients with microscopic colitis, a leading cause of chronic diarrhea. We aimed to study the safety of ICIs in patients with cancer with pre-existing IBD or microscopic colitis.

METHODS:

We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with cancer treated at our institution who received at least 1 dose of either a programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/ PD-1 ligand inhibitor, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 inhibitor, or both between 2011 and 2018. We identified patients with pre-existing IBD or microscopic colitis.

RESULTS:

Of 548 patients with solid tumor treated with an ICI, we identified 25 with pre-existing colitis (21 IBD; 4 microscopic colitis). An enterocolitis flare occurred in 7 patients (28%): 3 of 4 patients (75%) with microscopic colitis and 4 of 21 (19%) with IBD. All were treated with systemic corticosteroids, 2 required an anti–tumor necrosis factor agent, and one required an anti-integrin agent and colectomy for treatment of refractory colitis. ICI therapy was discontinued in all patients who experienced an enterocolitis flare.

CONCLUSION:

In our cohort, exacerbation of enterocolitis occurred in a notable percentage of patients with IBD and a majority of patients with microscopic colitis, leading to discontinuation of ICIs. Although these data suggest that patients with cancer with pre-existing IBD/microscopic colitis may be treated with ICIs, additional studies are needed to validate our results.
Assessment of the beta-delayed proton decay rate of 11Be
Authors: Volya A.
Published: May 2020

The 11Be neutron halo nucleus appears to decay into 10Be with a rate that exceeds expectations. Neutron disappearance into dark matter, beta decay of a halo neutron, or beta-delayed proton decay have been offered as explanations. In this work we study the latter option; we carry out shell model calculations and sequential decay analysis examining the beta-delayed proton decay going through a resonance in 11B. The narrow energy window, lack of states with sufficient spectroscopic strength, overwhelming alpha decay branch, all make reconciling the observed rate with beta-delayed proton decay difficult.
Aggressive pelvic angiomyxoma and its mimics: can imaging be the guiding light?
Authors: Kumar Niraj , Goyal Ankur , Manchanda Smita , Sharma Raju , Kumar Atin , Bansal Virinder Kumar
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the imaging characteristics of aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) and identify features which would help to differentiate it from similar appearing lesions.

Methods:

A retrospective review of departmental records was done and cases where AA was suspected on CT or MRI were included. With histopathology as gold-standard, the cases were grouped into AA or mimics and differentiating features were identified on USG, CT and MRI. Fischer’s exact test was applied for the statistical significance of the differentiating features.

Results:

18 patients were identified of which 2 were excluded for lack of histopathology records. 10 were AA and 6 mimics which included 2 fibromatoses, 2 neurogenic tumors, and 1 each of germ cell tumor and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. On MRI, all AA showed T2 hyperintensity and intense contrast enhancement with characteristic laminated pattern in 7/9 cases. Diffusion restriction was seen in 2/3 cases, cystic component in 4/10 and hemorrhage in 1/10 cases. Pelvic fibromatosis was the closest imaging differential showing laminated pattern in one of the cases.

Conclusion:

Large pelvic mass with abdominal/perineal extension in reproductive age female patient should lead to suspicion of AA. Laminated pattern on T  2 weighted images and intense homogeneous contrast enhancement further add to the diagnostic confidence.

Advances in knowledge:

This study for the first time describes radiological mimics of AA. Large cystic component, diffusion restriction, hemorrhage and organ infiltration have not been previously described in AA.
Tob2 phosphorylation regulates global mRNA turnover to reshape transcriptome and impact cell proliferation
Authors: Chen Chyi-Ying A. , Strouz Krista , Huang Kai-Lieh , Shyu Ann-Bin
Published: May 2020

Tob2, an anti-proliferative protein, promotes deadenylation through recruiting Caf1 deadenylase to the mRNA poly(A) tail by simultaneously interacting with both Caf1 and poly(A)-binding protein (PABP). Previously, we found that changes in Tob2 phosphorylation can alter its PABP-binding ability and deadenylation-promoting function. However, it remained unknown regarding the relevant kinase(s). Moreover, it was unclear whether Tob2 phosphorylation modulates the transcriptome and whether the phosphorylation is linked to Tob2's anti-proliferative function. In this study, we found that c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) increases phosphorylation of Tob2 at many Ser/Thr sites in the intrinsically disordered region (IDR) that contains two separate PABP-interacting PAM2 motifs. JNK-induced phosphorylation or phosphomimetic mutations at these sites weaken the Tob2–PABP interaction. In contrast, JNK-independent phosphorylation of Tob2 at serine 254 (S254) greatly enhances Tob2 interaction with PABP and its ability to promote deadenylation. We discovered that both PAM2 motifs are required for Tob2 to display these features. Combining mass spectrometry analysis, poly(A) size-distribution profiling, transcriptome-wide mRNA turnover analyses, and cell proliferation assays, we found that the phosphomimetic mutation at S254 (S254D) enhances Tob2's association with PABP, leading to accelerated deadenylation and decay of mRNAs globally. Moreover, the Tob2–S254D mutant accelerates the decay of many transcripts coding for cell cycle related proteins and enhances anti-proliferation function. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which Ccr4–Not complex is recruited by Tob2 to the mRNA 3′ poly(A)-PABP complex in a phosphorylation dependent manner to promote rapid deadenylation and decay across the transcriptome, eliciting transcriptome reprogramming and suppressed cell proliferation.
Patient treatment pathways of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in coastal South India: Road to a drug resistant tuberculosis center
Authors: Rathi Priya , Shringarpure Kalpita , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Pandey Abhinav , Nair Abhirami
Published: May 2020

Background: Delays in initiating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) treatment adds risk to individual patients and the community due to disease progression, and on-going transmission. The Government of India offers free TB diagnosis and treatment, however many presumptive MDR TB patients wander within the Indian healthcare system and delay accessing the programme. To improve access to care, it is imperative to understand the treatment pathways taken by MDR TB patients. We aimed to describe the diagnostic and treatment pathway taken by presumptive MDR TB patients registered under Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant TB Program.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study amongst patients registered during August 2016 – April 2017 at one District Drug Resistance Tuberculosis centre of Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka, India. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the number, type (private and public sector), and dates of healthcare facilities (HCFs) visits prior to the initiation of MDR TB treatment. Delays in pathway were measured in days and summarised as median and interquartile range (IQR), from the date of onset of illness until the initiation of MDR TB treatment.

Results: We found that patients preferred private HCFs; however, due to lack of treatment and unaffordability they shifted to public HCFs. Median delay to register under the program was more in private HCFs (180 days) in comparison with public HCFs (120 days). We also found that the detection rates were much higher in public HCFs (80%).

Conclusion: The present study found that there was substantial patient delay and total delay in diagnosis and treatment of MDR TB patients. Private HCF was first point of contact for most of the patients; however the diagnostic yield was high in public HCF. The government should involve private HCFs to provide standard diagnostics and treatment to the patients seeking a private facility.
Network Trust and Trust Behaviors Among Executives in Supply Chain Interactions
Authors: Choi Emily W. , Özer Özalp , Zheng Yanchong
Published: May 2020

We integrate the results of a social network survey and a forecast information sharing experiment to examine the roles of trust and trustworthiness in impacting high-ranking executives’ decisions in supply chain interactions. The members of our executive sample have, on average, 17 years of work experience. A significant portion of them holds positions at the C-level in world-leading organizations that span a wide range of industries. By examining the roles of trust and trustworthiness in the decision making of high-ranking executives, we find strong external validation for as well as demonstrate how these nonpecuniary, behavioral factors impact the outcomes of business interactions. We employ a multimethod research design that allows us to investigate the extent to which the executives’ trust beliefs toward a relevant network of exchange partners (which we define as their “network trust”) impact their trust behaviors when engaging in business interactions with members of this network. We determine the conditions pertaining to the executives’ professional experiences that strengthen or weaken the impact of network trust on the executives’ trust behaviors in supply chain interactions. For example, executives with more diverse professional experiences rely more on network trust to shape their trust behaviors. Conversely, executives with prior positive trust experiences rely less on network trust in their trusting behaviors. We quantify that improved trust and trustworthiness can yield up to 41%, 6%, and 5% gain in the expected profit of the supplier, the retailer, and the supply chain. Our results offer tangible implications for how organizations can better leverage executives’ knowledge about how much to rely on network trust in business interactions to achieve better outcomes.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
How Do Consumers Avoid Penalty Fees? Evidence from Credit Cards
Authors: Gathergood John , Sakaguchi Hiroaki , Stewart Neil , Weber Jörg
Published: May 2020

Using data from multiple card issuers, we show that the most common penalty fee type incurred by credit card holders, late payment fees, declines sharply over the first few months of card life. This phenomenon is wholly due to some consumers adopting automatic payments after a late payment event, thereby insuring themselves against future late payment fees. Nonadopters, who remain on manual-only payments, experience an unchanged high likelihood of future fees, despite exhibiting ample levels of available liquidity. Our results show that heterogeneity in adopting account management features of financial products, such as automatic payments, is important for understanding who avoids financial mistakes.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
The Limits of Incentives in Economic Matching Procedures
Authors: Hassidim Avinatan , Romm Assaf , Shorrer Ran I.
Published: May 2020

Organizations often require agents’ private information to achieve critical goals such as efficiency or revenue maximization, but frequently it is not in the agents’ best interest to reveal this information. Strategy-proof mechanisms give agents incentives to truthfully report their private information. In the context of matching markets, they eliminate agents’ incentives to misrepresent their preferences. We present direct field evidence of preference misrepresentation under the strategy-proof deferred acceptance in a high-stakes matching environment. We show that applicants to graduate programs in psychology in Israel often report that they prefer to avoid receiving funding, even though the mechanism preserves privacy and funding comes with no strings attached and constitutes a positive signal of ability. Surveys indicate that other kinds of preference misrepresentation are also prevalent. Preference misrepresentation in the field is associated with weaker applicants. Our findings have important implications for practitioners designing matching procedures and for researchers who study them.

This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, decision analysis.
LEITURA GEOGRÁFICA NO CONTEXTO DA COVID-19 EM RONDÔNIA AO NORTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Belforte Laila Cíntia Mota , Reis Rafaela Da Silva Pereira , Silva Gilberto Paulino da , Cavalcante Maria Madalena De Aguiar
Published: May 2020

Estudos em geografia têm desempenhado um papel importante na leitura sobre o avanço na luta contra o COVID-19. A Geografia evidencia a necessidade de identificar, monitorar e reconhecer esse avanço na análise espaço-temporal na compreensão do seu avanço. Assim, o objetivo do artigo é espacializar os casos de Covid-19 e os números de Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo (UTI) no estado de Rondônia, de modo a fomentar medidas de isolamento social. A metodologia teve como foco a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e o uso do software Quantum Gis 12.2. Como resultado, verificou-se que os mapas constituem um elemento essencial para a compreensão e visualização da propagação do coronavírus, e a velocidade temporal com que se expande, fato, que tem contribuído enquanto suporte para as decisões sobre a flexibilização ou isolamento social,  horizontal, colaborando para o planejamento, como é o caso demonstrado para o estado de Rondônia, com a variável número de UTIs das regiões de saúde, onde a quantidade de leitos devem cobrir cada 1 mil habitantes, o que não corresponde ao mínino de 1,5 leitos recomendados pela portaria 1.101/2002 do Ministério da Saúde, o que enfaticamente aponta o isolamento social como medida eficaz ao enfrentamento da contaminação pelo coronavírus.
POLÍTICA PÚBLICA DA PREVIDÊNCIA SOCIAL E TRABALHADORES DA PESCA ARTESANAL: DILEMAS ESTRUTURAIS EM CONTEXTOS CONJUNTURAIS DO COVID-19
Authors: Silva Catia Antonia da , Sampaio Karla Da Silva , Buch Carolina Lourival , Euzêbio Rodrigo Correa , Pinto Pedro Benício Almeida
Published: May 2020

A Lei Nº 13.982/2020, referente ao auxílio emergencial aos trabalhadores em condição de vulnerabilidade social foi sancionada pelo presidente da República em 02 de abril de 2020 como forma de manutenção das medidas de distanciamento social. Por três meses a lei garante auxílio financeiro durante período de enfrentamento da pandemia decorrente do Coronavírus (Sars-CoV-2). A Articulação dos Pescadores e Pescadoras do Sul e Sudeste do Brasil lançou um manifesto que alerta sobre os limites do acesso dos trabalhadores da pesca artesanal e pequenos agricultores ao auxílio, apesar de suas condições de pobreza e vulnerabilidade em tempos de isolamento social. Questão de grande importância porque remete ao debate de como as políticas públicas se realizam no território. Existe um distanciamento entre a proposta de lei e a efetivação do acesso dos direitos. Assim, o artigo objetiva realizar uma reflexão sobre os limites e possibilidades de acesso aos direitos trabalhistas e aos direitos previdenciários pelos produtores rurais e extrativistas no Brasil. Busca analisar a conjuntura social e política engendrada pela crise do COVID-19 refletindo sobre a estrutura da Previdência Social no Brasil, com foco nas peculiaridades do segurado especial, que acaba por contribuir nas dificuldades de acesso aos direitos sociais e na proteção assistencial dos pescadores e pescadoras em tempos de pandemia.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Silva Catia Antonia da , Karol Eduardo , Grandi Matheus Da Silveira , Alentejano Paulo Roberto Raposo
Published: May 2020

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Experiências de/com uma "pessoa T" indígena entre-gêneros do/no cotidiano tocantinense
Authors: Rocha José Damião Trindade , Coelho Marcos Irondes , Fernandes Alexandre Araripe
Published: May 2020

Ser anunciada como travesti no contexto do dia-a-dia é vigilância e punição para qualquer jovem. Em se tratando de uma jovem indígena entre-gêneros, as marcações de preconceito interseccionadas de etnia, gênero, sexualidade, travestilidade, identidade e cultura agem como governamentalidade do seu corpo e do seu ser/existir. Tensionar esses conceitos e (de)marcá-los na/com a narrativas da experiência de “pessoas T” é um desafio para estas pessoas, para a comunidade tradicional indígena e para nós da pesquisa/pesquisadores (as) “implicados” com/na educação. A investigação em andamento no PPPGE/UFT aborda questões no entorno das “relações homodesejantes” no Norte do Brasil na pesquisa-ação e participante de abordagem fenomenológica. Com Guacira Louro (2004), Berenice Bento (2008), Richard Miskolci (2016), Sandra Corazza (2001, 2002), nos implicamos da vivência/experiência de/com uma “pessoa T” indígena entre-gêneros, buscando construir aportes teóricos para descentrar práticas cis-heteronormativo na/da Amazônia oriental. Queremos ir além de uma formação impositiva de modelos de o como ser homem ou ser mulher, ser masculino e/ou ser feminino, hétero/homo/bi, para práticas igualitárias de gênero.
Identidade do Profissional da Educação Especial: construção na escola indígena
Authors: Portela Selma Maria Cunha , Silva dos Santos Roseli Bernardo
Published: May 2020

Esta análise é resultado de um trabalho acadêmico vinculado ao programa de pós-graduação em educação com a linha de pesquisa da educação intercultural. Nesta perspectiva se intitulou “Identidade Profissional do Professor que atua na Sala de Recurso Multifuncional: um estudo a partir de uma escola indígena em Roraima”, com objetivo de Analisar o processo de construção da identidade profissional do professor da Sala de Recurso Multifuncional que atua no contexto da escola indígena em Roraima. A pesquisa foi realizada em parceria com um grupo de professores e chefes de divisões da Secretaria Estadual de Educação – SEED, de abordagem qualitativa, a mesma compreendeu pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas e análise documental. Observa-se que a identidade do profissional da Educação Especial que atua na escola indígena é constituída de elementos advindos do contexto pessoal, coletivo e da experiência educativa. Entretanto, deve-se considerar a cultura de cada docente indígena.
Aprendendo com a Amazônia
Authors: Peixoto Leonardo Ferreira
Published: May 2020

A proposta deste artigo é apresentar uma narrativa (auto)biográfica de formação em contexto amazônico, relativizando as perspectivas norte-sul, no contexto brasileiro, a partir das epistemologias do sul de Boaventura de Souza Santos. O uso do gerúndio do verbo aprender no título é proposital, uma vez que marca uma trajetória de um professor que se reconhece em estado de constante (trans)formação. O texto narra inicialmente as mudanças geográficas e as aprendizagens que decorrem desta mudança, passando para transformações políticasepistemológicas nas aprendizagens com os indígenas da região, concluindo com uma reflexão sobre aprender a ser parente.
UWB quadruplet signal generation based on a DP–QPSK modulator and a delay-line filter: publisher’s note
Authors: Du Cong , Liu Fangming , Li Xiang , Zhang Zhenguo , Dong Wei
Published: May 2020

This publisher’s note corrects two sentences in Appl. Opt. 59, 4404 (2020)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.390663.
One-step fluorescence photoacoustic tomography with the optical radiative transfer model
Authors: Pandey Prabodh Kumar , Bharadwaj Jampu , Naik Naren , Aggrawal Hari Om
Published: May 2020

We present adjoint-based Jacobian as well as gradient evaluations and corresponding reconstruction schemes to solve the fully nonlinear, optical radiative transfer modeled one-step fluorescence photoacoustic tomographic (FPAT) problem, which aims to reconstruct the map of absorption coefficient of the exogenous fluorophore from boundary photoacoustic data. The radiative transport equation (RTE) and frequency-domain photoacoustic equation have been employed to model light and photoacoustic wave propagation, respectively. Levenberg–Marquardt and Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno reconstruction schemes have been used corresponding to the evaluated Jacobians and gradients, respectively. Numerical reconstructions obtained from the two schemes have been validated for scattering-dominant as well as nonscattering-dominant media in 2D. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first one-step FPAT reconstruction results in literature based on the optical RTE model.
Pulse to pulse control for highly precise and efficient micromachining with femtosecond lasers
Authors: Mincuzzi G. , Audouard E. , Bourtereau A. , Delaigue M. , Faucon M. , Hoenninger C. , Mishchik K. , Rebière A. , Sailer S. , Seweryn-Schnur A. , Kling R.
Published: May 2020

Micromachining with high repetition rate femtosecond lasers and galvo scanners shows some limitations in the pulses positioning accuracy due to the galvo mirrors acceleration. This is particularly evident during scan speed or direction changes, resulting in a poor quality and overtreatment e.g. in corners. Several scanning approaches have been proposed to tackle these issues like the so-called skywriting (SW) and the pulse-on-demand (POD) being the last limited to ns lasers, moderate pulse repetition rates and scan speeds. Recently, POD approach has been extended to femtosecond laser sources with high power and high repetition rate. Here, for the first time, we explored the huge potential in laser micromachining of femtosecond POD technology associated to a fast galvo scanner. We tested an innovative set-up allowing for precise laser triggering at the requested time and position for MHz repetition rate and scan speed as high as 20 m/s. The pulse position accuracy of the system has been estimated to be ≤ 1µm whilst performances have been evaluated in comparison to conventional scanning and SW. Finally, we report the results of an engraving test on stainless steel. The advantages of the approach we propose are clearly shown in terms of machining quality and precision with respect to conventional scanning and reduction of the processing time by ≈ 40% with respect to SW.
Temperature dependent absorption and emission spectra of Tm:CaF2
Authors: Reiter Jürgen , Körner Jörg , Pejchal Jan , Yoshikawa Akira , Hein Joachim , Kaluza Malte C.
Published: May 2020

We present Emission and absorption cross sections of thulium doped calcium fluoride (Tm:CaF2) in the visible to short wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength range for temperatures between 80 K and 300 K. For spectral regions of high and low absorption the McCumber relation and the Fuchtbauer–Ladenburg equation have been used to give reliable results. Furthermore, an estimation for the cross relaxation efficiency is derived from the emission spectra as a function of doping concentration and temperature. In addition, nearly re-absorption-free fluorescence lifetimes for various doping concentrations were studied. It was found that a double exponential fit model is better suited than a migration model to represent the fluorescence decay curves. The measurement results are interpreted in the light of the application of Tm:CaF2 as an efficient active medium in high-energy class diode-pumped solid state lasers.
Reconfigurable nano-kirigami metasurfaces by pneumatic pressure
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Wei Wei , Liu Zhiguang , Liu Xing , Feng Shuai , Guo Honglian , Li Jiafang
Published: May 2020

Tunable/reconfigurable metasurfaces that can actively control electromagnetic waves upon external stimuli are of great importance for practical applications of metasurfaces. Here, we demonstrate a reconfigurable nano-kirigami metasurface driven by pneumatic pressure operating in the near-infrared wavelength region. The metasurfaces consist of combined Archimedean spirals and are fabricated in a free-standing gold/silicon nitride nanofilm by employing focused ion beam (FIB) lithography. The deformable spirals are instantly transformed from two dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) by the FIB-based nano-kirigami process. The 2D–to–3D transformation induces a dramatic irreversible change of the plasmonic quadruple modes and results in significant modulation in reflection by 137%. The suspended porous nano-kirigami metasurface is further integrated with an optofluidics device, with which the optical resonance is reversibly modulated by the pneumatic pressure. This work provides a strategy for tunable/reconfigurable metasurfaces, which are useful to build a promising lab-on-a-chip platform for microfluidics, biological diagnostics, chemical sensing, and pressure monitoring.
Sociedade Multitela e a Semiformação: um desafio ético de grande monta
Authors: Oliveira Marta Regina Furlan de , Agostini Nilo
Published: May 2020

O substrato teórico, nesse texto, é refletir, urdidos pelos fundamentos da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, acerca da semiformação (Halbbildung) na “sociedade multitela”, mediada pelas novas tecnologias. De modo particular, analisar sobre o processo formativo em meio ao cenário atual, marcado pela massificação da técnica e pelo embrutecimento do pensar crítico, afastando o pensamento crítico no que tange a formação humana e ética. A formação cultural ou a experiência formativa tem se conformado aos marcos do capitalismo tardio e do progresso técnico, que, de fato, são comandados pela racionalidade tecnológica, favorecendo, desse modo, o florescimento da semiformação. A metodologia, de cunho bibliográfico, ancora nossa reflexão em M. Horkheimer e T. W. Adorno, pensadores da primeira geração da Escola de Frankfurt, e de leituras secundárias. O foco de nossa pesquisa centra-se nas novas tecnologias desta “sociedade multitela”, que facilmente se entrega à tutela da razão instrumental e descamba na semiformação. Como resultado, uma possível saída está na formação e numa cultura (Bildung) capaz de uma autorreflexão crítica sobre a semiformação em que se converteu. O desafio ético posto é a necessidade da reflexão teórico-prática enquanto tomada de posição humana contra esse estado de barbárie, em favor do próprio ser humano, autônomo, livre, sujeito.
CONTROL SOCIAL, ESTOICISMO E IDEOLOGÍA ESCLAVISTA. LA REVUELTA DE EUNO EN LA OBRA DE DIODORO SÍCULO
Authors: Garcia Mac Gaw Carlos
Published: May 2020

Se analizan fragmentos de Diodoro Sículo donde se manifiestan algunos de los mecanismos de dominación de los amos sobre los esclavos. Observamos larepresentación que se hace desde el discurso dominante del ejercicio del control social y el ocultamiento de las prácticas violentas propias de la relación esclavista. Se trata de fragmentos en donde aparecen referidas situaciones concretas, ocurridas tanto en el ámbito doméstico como en los espacios productivos. La teoría de la dominación social de O. Patterson y los conceptos del análisis del discurso son fundamentos sobre los que se elabora nuestra perspectiva metodológica.
Primality test and primes enumeration using odd numbers indexation
Authors: Wolf Marc , François WOLF
Published: May 2020

Odd numbers can be indexed by the map k(n)=(n-3)⁄2,n∈2N+3. We first propose a basic primality test using this index function that was first introduced in [8]. Input size of operations is reduced which improves computational time by a constant. We then apply similar techniques to Atkin’s prime-numbers sieve which uses modulus operations and finally to Pritchard’s wheel sieve, in both case yielding similar results.
Influence of Loading Pressure and Sample Preparation on Ionic Concentration and Resistivity of Pore Solution Expressed from Concrete Samples
Authors: Montanari Luca , Tanesi Jussara , Kim Haejin , Ardani Ahmad
Published: May 2020

Pore solution expression is an established method to obtain samples of the liquid phase from cementitious systems. This experimental method applies pressure to a cementitious sample, forcing its liquid phase out of the pores. By collecting and studying the liquid phase in cementitious systems, it is possible to obtain information on its ionic concentrations. The ionic concentrations can be used for modeling calibrations and to estimate the resistivity of the pore solution. When the bulk resistivity of concrete is normalized by the pore solution resistivity, it is possible to determine the formation factor. The formation factor is related to the transport properties of the concrete and, as such, it can be used to estimate the rates of transport of ionic species within a concrete structure. The formation factor is currently being included in AASHTO PP84, Standard Practice for Developing Performance Engineered Concrete Pavement Mixtures, as an indicator of transport properties for quality control operations. Pore solution expression is included as one of the available procedures of AASHTO PP84-19 to determine the pore solution electrical resistivity. Previous studies on paste and mortar samples have demonstrated that increased loading pressure during the pore solution expression might impact the final ionic concentrations of the expressed solution. This study aims to verify if the pore solutions of concrete specimens are also influenced by the selected loading pressure and whether the potential consequent change in the measured ionic concentrations of the solution also has an impact on its resistivity. No appreciable trend in increased solubility was observed for the range of applied normal pressures between 600 and 985 MPa. Cyclic loading regimes increased the variability of alkali solubility. Sample preparation, in some cases, influenced the water content of the sample and induced unwanted alteration on the ionic concentrations of the mixtures under study.
Degradation State Identification Method for Piezoelectric Ceramic of Ultrasonic Motor Based on Segmented Fractal Dimension and Sparse Representation
Authors: An Guoqing , Li Rui , Song Kaiyao , Sun Huiqin , Xue Zhihong , Li Zheng
Published: May 2020

Crack on piezoelectric ceramic is the main reason leading to the degradation of ultrasonic motors. Monitor electrode voltage generated by the positive piezoelectric effect is usually used to monitor the vibration of stator. However, the complexity of monitor electrode voltage signal changes slightly until failure state because of the bonding layer between piezoelectric ceramic and metal elastomer, and it brings difficulties for the degradation state identification. In order to improve the accuracy rate, a method based on segmented fractal dimension and sparse representation was presented in this article. Firstly, segmented fractal dimension was proposed to extract the complexity information of local signal, and the ones of standard samples were taken as the atoms to construct a dictionary. Then, sparse representation of the test sample was calculated according to the constructed dictionary, and the specific steps for the solution were also detailed. Lastly, the test sample’s deviation vectors corresponding to different degradation states were obtained, and the modulus of the vectors were employed to identify the degradation state. The experimental results show that this method is feasible and effective for the degradation state identification of piezoelectric ceramic. It is meaningful for the condition-based maintenance of ultrasonic motors.
Dry-storage and light exposure reduce dormancy of Arabian desert legumes more than temperature
Authors: Bhatt Arvind , Bhat N.R. , Phartyal Shyam S. , Gallacher David J.
Published: May 2020

Propagation and conservation of desert plants are assisted by improved understanding of seed germination ecology. The effects of dry-storage on dormancy and germination were studied in seven desert legumes. Mature seeds were collected in summer 2017 and germinated within one week of
collection (fresh) and after six months (dry-storage) under two temperature and two light regimes. Seed weight of two species increased 22-55% within 24 hours of water imbibition but others increased ≤ 7%. Germination ranged from 0-32% in fresh and 2-92% in dry-stored seeds, indicating
a mix of non- and physically-dormant seeds at maturity. Dry-storage at ambient room temperature was effective at relieving dormancy, though the extent was species-dependent. Germination percentage increased in response to light exposure during incubation, while the effect of temperature was
species-dependent. This variable response to dormancy alleviation may assist to spread the population risk of seedling survival in the harsh and variable environment of the Arabian desert.
РОЗВИТОК ТВОРЧОСТІ ДОШКІЛЬНИКІВ У РІЗНИХ ВИДАХ ОБРАЗОТВОРЧОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Skomorovska Iryna
Published: May 2020

У статті аналізується вплив різних видів образотворчої діяльності на творчий розвиток дітей старшого дошкільного віку. Представлено різні підходи до тлумачення ключових понять: «творчість» (зокрема, художня творчість, яка трактується як вища форма естетичної діяльності), «творчі здібності», «творча уява». Схарактеризовано поняття дитячої творчості, якому притаманні такі особливості, як: спонтанний характер; зв’язок з ігровою діяльністю; отримання необхідної інформації або вражень про відповідний об’єкт чи явище; відсутність нав’язливого впливу дорослих. Визначено критерії розвитку творчої уяви, зокрема такі, як уміння передавати форму предмета, володіння різними техніками малювання, демонстрування емоційного ставлення до створюваного образу через добір кольорової гами малюнка, уміння правильно розміщати композицію предметів на аркуші, емоційність створеного образу, предмета або явища, розробленість змісту зображення, динамічність художнього образу. Розкрито характеристику творчих здібностей, а також перелічено чинники, що стримують їх розвиток. Установлено, що образотворча діяльність значною мірою впливає на розвиток творчості дітей старшого дошкільного віку. Проаналізовано програму розвитку дітей старшого дошкільного віку «Впевнений старт» та програму розвитку дитини дошкільного віку «Українське дошкілля». Cхарактеризовано вплив малювання на розвиток творчості дітей дошкільного віку, наголошено на необхідності використання різних технік малювання (малювання воском, засипання кухарською сіллю, малювання сухим пензлем по вологому тлі тощо); розкрито особливості ліплення старших дошкільників та його вплив на емоційно-почуттєву сферу дитини; проаналізовано роботу над аплікацією та конструюванням.
ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЯК ЧИННИК ФОРМУВАННЯ ЗДОРОВОГО СПОСОБУ ЖИТТЯ ДІТЕЙ
Authors: Pantyuk Tetyana , Yarushak Maria , Preys Nataliya , Potuk Sophia
Published: May 2020

За сучасних умов розвитку суспільства, де відбуваються динамічні процеси в різних галузях життя, висуваються нові вимоги до формування знань, навичок мотиваційного інструментарію та способу життя особистості. Особлива роль у цьому процесі належить інноваційним технологіям, які спрямовані на розвиток різноманітних форм мислення, творчих здібностей, високих соціально-адаптаційних можливостей особистості. Сьогодні в українській освіті впроваджується чимало інноваційних технологій для успішного навчання, усебічного гармонійного розвитку дітей. Процес формування здорового способу життя полягає у власній активності дитини, а результат досягається за допомогою інноваційних технологій: особистісно орієнтованого навчання, кооперації та диференціації, проектної діяльності, арт-терапевтичних, кінезіотерапії, сендплею, петтерапії, портфоліо тощо. Відповідно постає проблема підготовки такого вчителя, який володіє необхідними фаховими компетенціями. Обізнаність майбутніх педагогів із різноманітними інноваційними технологіями та їх успішне засвоєння і використання на практиці сприятиме переосмисленню перспектив діяльності та роботи школи в житті учнів. Головною рушійною силою інноваційної діяльності є вчитель, оскільки суб’єктивний чинник є вирішальним під час упровадження та поширення нововведень.
ЭВДЕМОНИЗМ ПРОТИВ ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИАЛИЗМА: ЕЩЕ РАЗ О ЦЕННОСТЯХ И СМЫСЛЕ ЖИЗНИ
Authors: Левит Леонид
Published: May 2020

В статье рассматриваются сходство и различия в подходах к обретению смысла жизни со стороны экзистенциализма В. Франкла и эвдемонизма. Для иллюстрации положений последнего используется «Личностно-ориентированная концепция счастья», разработанная автором. Показано, что придание В. Франклом статуса ценностей приятным переживаниям служит парадоксальным доказательством гедонистической направленности логотерапии. Представление о ценностях отношения как «высших» никак не подтверждается эмпирически и может оказаться антитерапевтичным в консультативной работе психолога.

The article deals with similarity and some differencies in approaches to the life meaning attainment between existentialism by V. Frankl and eudaimonism. «Person-oriented conception of happiness» elaborated by the author is used to illustrate the main points of eudaimonism. The status of values, attached to pleasurable experiences by Victor Frankl, paradoxically proves the hedonistic nature of logotherapy. The postulate about attitude values as the «highest» ones is not proved empirically and can become an obstacle in a therapeutic work
Adapting Genotyping-by-Sequencing and Variant Calling for Heterogeneous Stock Rats
Authors: Gileta Alexander F , Gao Jianjun , Chitre Apurva S , Bimschleger Hannah V , St. Pierre Celine L , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Palmer Abraham A
Published: May 2020

The heterogeneous stock (HS) is an outbred rat population derived from eight inbred rat strains. HS rats are ideally suited for genome wide association studies; however, only a few genotyping microarrays have ever been designed for rats and none of them are currently in production. To address the need for an efficient and cost effective method of genotyping HS rats, we have adapted genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) to obtain genotype information at large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In this paper, we have outlined the laboratory and computational steps we took to optimize double digest genotype-by-sequencing (ddGBS) for use in rats. We evaluated multiple existing computational tools and explain the workflow we have used to call and impute over 3.7 million SNPs. We have also compared various rat genetic maps, which are necessary for imputation, including a recently developed map specific to the HS. Using our approach, we obtained concordance rates of 99% with data obtained using data from a genotyping array. The principles and computational pipeline that we describe could easily be adapted for use in other species for which reliable reference genome sets are available.