bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of a sunlight-driven TiO2 film with excellent material characterizations and photoelectrocatalytic properties by an eco-friendly manner
Authors: Li Chang-Xin , Liu Yan , Zhang Yan-Zong , Long Lu-Lu , Shen Fei , Yang Gang , Zhang Xiao-Hong , He Yan , Wang Li-Lin , Deng Shi-Huai
Published: May 2019

A hybrid structure of (NOx)i/S6+-TiO2 (x=0,1) film with high visible-light activity was prepared via facile one-step anodizing in (NH4)2S2O8 electrolyte. The film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet-visible-infrared absorption spectroscopy, respectively. Transient photocurrent response and linear sweep voltammetry were also detected. The results showed that the (NOx)i/S6+-TiO2 film was composed of “flower-like” and porous structure. And N and S were successfully doped in the film. Meanwhile, the film also displayed broad and strong optical absorption at around 544 nm and 1500 nm. The photocurrent density reached 0.71 mA/cm2. The decoloration rate was close to 100% and TOC removal reached 59.44% in 20 min under sunlight in photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation methyl orange. The film also exhibited good stability after reuse ten times. A possible mechanism of PEC was suggested in methyl orange degradation by using (NOx)i/S6+-TiO2 film.
Suicidal Ideation among Medical Students: An Integrative Review
Authors: Fontes Wendney Hudson de Alencar , Silva Yohanna Karen do Santos , Luna Francisco Matheus Prado , Morais Raissa Maria Rolim Bem de , Feitosa João Paulo Gomes , Silva Fabione Gomes da , Lisboa Filipe Costa , Gadelha Maria Do Socorro Vieira , Neto Modesto Leite Rolim
Published: May 2019

Background: Suicide is more common among people who follow a medical career. This occurs because undergraduation course subjects students to psychologically strained situations, which can reduce their mental health and predispose them to suicidal ideation.

Objectives: To analyze the factors related to suicidal ideation among medical graduates, highlighting depression and personality traits. To check stigmas surrounding suicidal ideation.

Methodology: An integrative review study was carried out using the Scopus database (Elsevier). We selected studies published between 2014 and 2019, using two descriptors: "medical students" and "suicidal ideation".

Results and Findings: 139 scientific articles were selected, of which 10 met the eligibility criteria. Specific personality traits and depression predispose to suicide. Although the stigma of suicide and substance use is greater among men, female gender, poor financial status, and psychiatric disorders increase depression scores. Students close to graduation are more likely to cope with stress than others.

Limitations: The articles included in this work were produced using different methodologies and different measurement instruments. The prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation among students may be greater, given that stigma may favor the occurrence of response bias.

Conclusion: Rates of suicidal ideation are very prevalent in medical students. To solve this problem, medical schools should take steps to prevent adverse situations.
The Elusive Majority of Young Moving Groups. I. Young Binaries and Lithium-rich Stars in the Solar Neighborhood
Authors: Bowler Brendan P. , Hinkley Sasha , Ziegler Carl , Baranec Christoph , Gizis John E. , Law Nicholas M. , Liu Michael C. , Shah Viyang S. , Shkolnik Evgenya L. , Riaz Basmah , Riddle Reed
Published: May 2019

Young stars in the solar neighborhood serve as nearby probes of stellar evolution and represent promising targets to directly image self-luminous giant planets. We have carried out an all-sky search for late-type (≈K7–M5) stars within 100 pc selected primarily on the basis of activity indicators from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer and ROSAT. Approximately 2000 active and potentially young stars are identified, of which we have followed up over 600 with low-resolution optical spectroscopy and over 1000 with diffraction-limited imaging using Robo-AO at the Palomar 1.5 m telescope. Strong lithium is present in 58 stars, implying ages spanning ≈10–200 Myr. Most of these lithium-rich stars are new or previously known members of young moving groups including TWA, β Pic, Tuc-Hor, Carina, Columba, Argus, AB Dor, Upper Centaurus Lupus, and Lower Centaurus Crux; the rest appear to be young low-mass stars without connections to established kinematic groups. Over 200 close binaries are identified down to 0.″2—the vast majority of which are new—and will be valuable for dynamical mass measurements of young stars with continued orbit monitoring in the future.
Automated Lensing Learner: Automated Strong Lensing Identification with a Computer Vision Technique
Authors: Avestruz Camille , Li Nan , Zhu 朱 Hanjue 涵珏 , Lightman Matthew , Collett Thomas E. , Luo Wentao
Published: May 2019

Forthcoming surveys such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and Euclid necessitate automatic and efficient identification methods of strong lensing systems. We present a strong lensing identification approach that utilizes a feature extraction method from computer vision, the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), to capture edge patterns of arcs. We train a supervised classifier model on the HOG of mock strong galaxy–galaxy lens images similar to observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and LSST. We assess model performance with the area under the curve (AUC) of a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Models trained on 10,000 lens and non-lens containing images exhibit an AUC of 0.975 for an HST-like sample, 0.625 for one exposure of LSST, and 0.809 for 10 yr mock LSST observations. Performance appears to continually improve with the training set size. Models trained on fewer images perform better in the absence of the lens galaxy light. However, with larger training data sets, information from the lens galaxy actually improves model performance, indicating that HOG captures much of the morphological complexity of the arc-finding problem. We test our classifier on data from the Sloan Lens ACS Survey and find that small-scale image features reduce the efficiency of our trained model. However, these preliminary tests indicate that some parameterizations of HOG can compensate for differences between observed mock data. One example best-case parameterization results in an AUC of 0.6 in the F814 filter image, with other parameterization results equivalent to random performance.
The Role of Major Mergers and Nuclear Star Formation in Nearby Obscured Quasars
Authors: Zhao Dongyao , Ho Luis C. , Zhao Yulin , Shangguan Jinyi , Kim Minjin
Published: May 2019

We investigate the triggering mechanism and the structural properties of obscured luminous active galactic nuclei from a detailed study of the rest-frame B and I Hubble Space Telescope images of 29 nearby (z ≈ 0.04–0.4) optically selected type 2 quasars. Morphological classification reveals that only a minority (34%) of the hosts are mergers or interacting galaxies. More than half (55%) of the hosts contain regular disks, and a substantial fraction (38%), in fact, are disk-dominated (B/T ≲ 0.2) late-type galaxies with low Sérsic indices (n < 2), which is characteristic of pseudo bulges. The prevalence of bars in the spiral host galaxies may be sufficient to supply the modest fuel requirements needed to power the nuclear activity in these systems. Nuclear star formation seems to be ubiquitous in the central regions, leading to positive color gradients within the bulges and enhancements in the central surface brightness of most systems.
Active Galactic Nuclei: Boon or Bane for Biota?
Authors: Lingam Manasvi , Ginsburg Idan , Bialy Shmuel
Published: May 2019

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) emit substantial fluxes of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, and have therefore attracted some recent attention for their negative impact on galactic habitability. In this paper, we propose that AGNs may also engender the following beneficial effects: (i) prebiotic synthesis of biomolecular building blocks mediated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and (ii) powering photosynthesis on certain free-floating planets and moons. We also reassess the harmful biological impact of UV radiation originating from AGNs, and find that their significance could have been overestimated. Our calculations suggest that neither the positive nor negative ramifications stemming from a hypothetical AGN in the Milky Way are likely to affect putative biospheres in most of our Galaxy. On the other hand, we find that a sizable fraction of all planetary systems in galaxies with either disproportionately massive black holes (∼109–10
M
⊙) or high stellar densities (e.g., compact dwarf galaxies) might be susceptible to both the beneficial and detrimental consequences of AGNs, with the former potentially encompassing a greater spatial extent than the latter.
Parallel Electron Heating by Tangential Discontinuity in the Turbulent Magnetosheath
Authors: Liu Y. Y. , Fu H. S. , Liu C. M. , Wang Z. , Escoubet P. , Hwang K.-J. , Burch J. L. , Giles B. L.
Published: May 2019

Energetic electrons exist widely in the turbulent magnetosheath, but how they are generated remains unclear. Here we report a new structure, at which electrons are efficiently accelerated in the direction parallel to the magnetic field. Such a structure, formed at the edge of a high-speed jet (HSJ), is a tangential discontinuity (TD) in the MHD regime, but exhibits impulsive fine structures in the kinetic-scale regime. The pulsation of the TD, caused by time-varying size of the HSJ, leads to the energization process: when the transverse section of the HSJ increases, a magnetic mirror is formed and subsequently electrons are trapped and accelerated via the Fermi mechanism; when the transverse section of the HSJ decreases, the magnetic mirror disappears and subsequently electrons escape. Such parallel electron heating can lead to three times of parallel-temperature increase; it can shed light on the study of electron heating in the solar wind, where TDs exist extensively.
Deep Neural Network Classifier for Variable Stars with Novelty Detection Capability
Authors: Tsang Benny T.-H. , Schultz William C.
Published: May 2019

Common variable star classifiers are built with the singular goal of producing the correct class labels, leaving much of the multi-task capability of deep neural networks unexplored. We present a periodic light curve classifier that combines a recurrent neural network autoencoder for unsupervised feature extraction and a dual-purpose estimation network for supervised classification and novelty detection. The estimation network optimizes a Gaussian mixture model in the reduced-dimension feature space, where each Gaussian component corresponds to a variable class. An estimation network with a basic structure of a single hidden layer attains a cross-validation classification accuracy of ∼99%, which is on par with the conventional workhorses, random forest classifiers. With the addition of photometric features, the network is capable of detecting previously unseen types of variability with precision 0.90, recall 0.96, and an F
1 score of 0.93. The simultaneous training of the autoencoder and estimation network is found to be mutually beneficial, resulting in faster autoencoder convergence, as well as superior classification and novelty detection performance. The estimation network also delivers adequate results even when optimized with pre-trained autoencoder features, suggesting that it can readily extend existing classifiers to provide added novelty detection capabilities.
Probiotic and hepatoprotective activity of lactobacillus isolated from Mongolian camel milk products
Authors: Xu R.H. , Xiu L. , Zhang Y.L. , Du R.P. , Wang X.
Published: May 2019

The improving-intestinal-microbial-balance properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are well known. Thus, LAB could play a vital role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. In the present study, 107 LAB strains were isolated from Mongolian camel milk products and identified to species, then screened for their probiotic properties. As a result, we identified 71 Lactobacillus bacteria belonging to 9 different species, and 36 Lactococcus bacteria belonging to 8 different species. Among them, six strains of LAB with strong tolerance and adhesion ability were further studied for their protective effect on acute liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN). These six strains of LAB were fed to mice for 7 weeks, and on the final day of the experiment, LPS/D-GalN were used to induce acute liver injury. After challenging, the degree of liver pathological changes, secretion of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum and liver, and the expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in the liver and intestines were observed and quantified. The results showed that the degree of liver pathological changes in mice fed with the six LAB strains were relieved to varying degrees compared with the LPS/D-GalN-induced model group, and the expressions of AST, ALT, IL-6, and TNF-α factor were also significantly decreased. Moreover, the expression levels of these factors in mice pretreated with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei WXD5 were significantly decreased compared with other experimental groups. This suggests the probiotic potential and pharmacological value of L. paracasei subsp. paracasei as a liver injury inhibitor in the intervention of inflammation-based liver disease.
Production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from traditional, starter-free dairy products made of raw milk
Authors: Valenzuela J.A. , Flórez A.B. , Vázquez L. , Vasek O.M. , Mayo B.
Published: May 2019

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), an amino acid not used in protein synthesis, intervenes in several physiological functions and has both diuretic and calming effects in humans. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains that produce GABA could be exploited for the manufacture of health-promoting GABA-enriched dairy products. In this study, 262 LAB strains isolated from traditional dairy products made from raw milk without starter cultures were screened for GABA production in culture media supplemented with 1% monosodium glutamate (MSG) using an enzymatic (GABase) method. About half of the strains (123) were found to be GABA producers. Of these, 24, among which were 16 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and three Streptococcus thermophilus strains, produced >1 mM of GABA (range 1.01-2.81 mM) and were selected for further characterisation. GABA production was confirmed in most strains by culturing in 5 mM MSG followed by HPLC quantification. A majority of the strains were confirmed to be GABA producers by this method, although lower production levels were recorded. Using species-specific primers, the gene encoding glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was PCR-amplified in all but one of the GABA producers analysed. Amplicons sequences were compared to one another and to those held in databases. Except for one Lactobacillus brevis strain, none of the 24 GABA producers investigated produced toxic biogenic amines, such as tyramine, histamine or cadaverine. They were therefore considered safe. Either alone, in mixtures, or in combination with industrial starter or adjunct cultures, these strains might be useful in the development of health-oriented dairy products.
Aportación documental al catálogo de Pedro de Campaña: un retablo para la devoción privada
Authors: Escuredo Barrado Elena
Published: May 2019

El pintor Pedro de Campaña desarrolló la mayor parte de su labor artística en la Sevilla del segundo tercio del siglo XVI, a donde llegó procedente de Italia, atraído por las posibilidades de trabajo que esta ciudad al alza ofrecía. A su extenso catálogo se suma ahora una nueva obra, un retablo de pequeñas dimensiones integrado por cinco tablillas, destinado a la devoción privada. Las pesquisas en el Archivo de Protocolos de Sevilla permiten sacar a la luz un documento relevante, pues permite descubrir el origen de tres tablas que hoy están repartidas en tres pinacotecas europeas distintas, y conocer que formaron conjunto con otras dos, cuyo paradero es desconocido.
Un pabellón, ocho palacios: la construcción de la identidad alemana en Barcelona 1929
Authors: Martínez de Guereñu Laura
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo resuelve una omisión historiográfica y desvela el contexto olvidado del Pabellón Alemán de la Exposición Internacional de Barcelona 1929. Se ha producido mucha literatura alrededor del mito de un Pabellón que, a pesar de su efímera existencia de ocho meses, se convirtió en una de las obras más importantes del siglo XX. Sin embargo, la relación formal entre los elementos arquitectónicos de este Pabellón y el diseño interior de los 16.000 m2 de secciones industriales alemanas distribuidas en ocho Palacios novecentistas no había sido explorada hasta el momento. Este artículo revela la construcción de una secuencia espacial que vincula el Pabellón con el interior de estos Palacios, y que sirvió a Mies y a Lilly Reich para mostrar arquitectónicamente la identidad distintiva de Alemania a través de la recuperada fortaleza de su tejido industrial.
Estructura del Complejo Alpujárride y observaciones hidrogeológicas al NO de Sierra Tejeda (provincias de Granada y Málaga, Zona Interna Bética)
Authors: Sanz de Galdeano C. , Prieto-Mera J. , Andreo B.
Published: May 2019

Al NO de Sierra Tejeda solo se pueden diferenciar dos unidades tectónicas alpujárrides, la de Almijara y, sobre ella, la de Robledal, simplificando divisiones previas.
Datos hidrogeológicos avalan esta interpretación ya que apuntan a la posible conexión hidráulica entre dos áreas ocupadas por mármoles (sectores de Tejeda y Rodaderos) que previamente han sido consideradas como unidades tectónicas diferentes lo que lo hace improbable. En la unidad Robledal la presencia de gneises en la parte inferior de la secuencia litológica permite su correlación con otras unidades del grupo Guájares-Jubrique/ Los Reales (grupo superior de unidades del Complejo Alpujárride). Deformaciones extensionales se superponen al cabalgamiento de unidades, pero a las que no damos la enorme importancia atribuida en previos modelos, pues no permiten, al menos en esta área, la diferenciación de nuevas unidades tectónicas. Se muestran, además, nuevas fallas E-O situadas al N de Sierra Tejeda, que facilitaron el desplazamiento hacia el oeste de la Zona Interna Bética.
Availability of All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Support Systems for Management of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in Michigan and Louisiana, USA
Authors: Bolds Sheldon L. , Hassan Shruthi M.K. , Caprara Catherine R. , Debragga Stephanie , Simon Kathryn S. , Karkhanis Prachi , Gandhi Arpita , Jillella Anand P. , Kota Vamsi
Published: May 2019

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia with high induction mortality in the general population despite evidence of high cure rates in the clinical trials. Aggressive supportive care is essential for ideal management of these patients. We conducted a survey to collect data on these important issues required for successful treatment/outcome of APL patients from two states (Michigan and Louisiana) due to their low one-year survival rate among the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries. All eligible hospitals (253) were obtained from the Data Medicare online directory. Availability of ATRA, formulary process to obtain it, blood back availability and established treatment protocols for the management of APL patients were queried. Since most of the hospitals surveyed do not have a treatment protocol, we believe that outcome could be improved if a standardized and simplified set of treatment and supportive care guidelines are developed for all hospitals treating APL.
Delay in diagnosis of thoracolumbar fractures
Authors: Aso-Escario José , Sebastián Cristina , Aso-Vizán Alberto , Martínez-Quiñones José Vicente , Consolini Fabián , Arregui Ricardo
Published: May 2019

The time interval between the date of trauma and the diagnosis of vertebral column fractures hinders management and increases liability. We have examined the features and implications of this delay. 585 consecutive thoracolumbar fractures (2005-2016), were considered; 382 (65.30%) were males and 203 (34.70%) females. Mean age was 51 yr. Fall from a height (187; 31.97%), simple fall (147; 25.13%) and road accidents (111; 18.97%) were the most frequent causes of trauma. Physical exertion caused 8.38% (N=49). 142 patients (24.27%) were not diagnosed on the injury day (mean = 3.2 days). Delay was longer in females (mean =5.5 vs. 2.7 days) and shorter in falls from a height (mean = 2.3) or road accidents (2.8). Mean age of diagnosed on the injury day differed from those diagnosed in the first month (49.2 vs60.1). Plain X-ray signs were found in 7 misdiagnosed cases (46.6%). Delay was more frequent in low mineralization cases. Diagnostic delay of spine fractures is frequent. Some risk profiles can help to reduce it. Careful emergency X-ray examination is encouraged, as well as early magnetic resonance imaging in risk profiles.
Five-year prospective subsidence analysis of 100 cemented polished straight stems: A concise clinical and radiological follow-up observation
Authors: Madörin Kevin , Siepen Wolf , Manzoni Isabella , Stoffel Karl Kilian , Ilchmann Thomas , Clauss Martin
Published: May 2019

Early subsidence (>1.5mm) has been shown to be an indicator for later aseptic loosening of cemented hip stems. For the cemented twinSys® stem we published excellent short-term results at 2 years. Midterm data for this stem are available from national registers (NZL, NL), however in all of these sources, clinical and radiological results are missing. Aim of our study was to analyse mid-term survival and radiological changes around the cemented twinSys®stem with special emphasis on subsidence using EBRA-FCA. We conducted a prospective clinical and radiological 5-year follow-up study of 100 consecutive hybrid total hip arthroplasties (THA) using a polished, cemented collarless straight stem (twinSys®, Mathys AG®Bettlach, Switzerland) with a cementless monobloc pressfit cup (RM pressfit®, Mathys AG® Bettlach, Switzerland). Median age at surgery was 79 (69 to 93) years. No patient was lost to follow-up. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Clinical (Harris Hip Score [HHS]) and radiological (cementing quality, alignment, osteolysis, debonding and cortical atrophy) outcomes and an in-depth subsidence analysis using EBRA-FCA were performed. 22 patients died in the course of follow-up unrelated to surgery, 21 stems had an incomplete radiological follow-up. 2 stems were revised, both due to an infection. The survival rate for the stem at 5 years was 98.0% (95% CI 95.3-100%). The survival rate of the stem for revision due to aseptic loosening at 5 years was 100%. The HHS improved from 53 (14-86) points preoperatively to 90 (49-100) points 5 years after surgery. Osteolysis was found in 2 stems without clinical symptoms. In 49 out of 55 patients with a complete radiological follow-up, the EBRA-FCA analysis was possible and showed an average subsidence of 0.66 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.86) mm 5 years after surgery. 10 patients showed a subsidence >1 mm, 5 of which bigger than 1.5 mm. Subsidence was independent from radiological changes and cementing quality. The cemented twinSys® stem showed excellent clinical and radiological mid-term results at five years’ follow-up and seems to be a reliable implant.
Insurance status affects access to physical therapy following rotator cuff repair surgery: A comparison of privately insured and Medicaid patients
Authors: Rogers Miranda J. , Penvose Ian , Curry Emily J. , Galvin Joseph W. , Li Xinning
Published: May 2019

Rotator cuff repair (RCR) is an effective procedure to relieve shoulder pain and dysfunction. Postoperative physical therapy (PT) plays an integral role in the overall success of RCR. Insurance status has been shown to be an important predictor of postoperative PT utilization. This study evaluated the effect of insurance status on access to PT services following RCR. One hundred thirty-eight PT clinics were contacted in the Greater Boston metropolitan area. Clinics were contacted on two separate occasions and presented with a fictitious acutely postoperative RCR patient in need of PT. Insurance status was reported as Medicaid or private insurance. Overall, 133 (96.4%) accepted private insurance, whereas only 71 (51.4%) accepted Medicaid (P=0.019). Medicaid patients were offered a first available appointment at a mean of 8.3 days (95% CI: 7.13-9.38, range: 0-31) versus a mean of 6.3 days (95% CI: 5.3-7.22, range: 0-19, P=0.001) for private patients. Clinic location was not associated with access to PT or time to first appointment. Insurance status affects access to PT services and time to first available appointment in patients following RCR surgery in a major metropolitan area.
On the distinctiveness of observed oceanic raindrop distributions
Authors: Duncan David Ian , Eriksson Patrick , Pfreundschuh Simon , Klepp Christian , Jones Daniel C.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Representation of the drop size distribution (DSD) of rainfall is
a key element of characterizing precipitation in models and observations,
with a functional form necessary to calculate the precipitation flux and the
drops' interaction with radiation. With newly available oceanic disdrometer
measurements, this study investigates the validity of commonly used DSDs,
potentially useful a priori constraints for retrievals, and the impacts of
DSD variability on radiative transfer. These data are also compared with
leading satellite-based estimates over ocean, with the disdrometers observing
a larger number of small drops and significantly more variability in number concentrations.
This indicates that previous appraisals of raindrop variability over ocean
may have been underestimates. Forward model errors due to DSD variability are
shown to be significant for both active and passive sensors. The modified
gamma distribution is found to be generally adequate to describe rain DSDs
but may cause systematic errors for high-latitude or stratocumulus rain
retrievals. Depending on the application, an exponential or generalized gamma
function may be preferable for representing oceanic DSDs. An unsupervised
classification algorithm finds a variety of DSD shapes that differ from
commonly used DSDs but does not find a singular set that best describes the
global variability.
Simulation of the radiative effect of haze on the urban hydrological cycle using reanalysis data in Beijing
Authors: Kokkonen Tom V. , Grimmond Sue , Murto Sonja , Liu Huizhi , Sundström Anu-Maija , Järvi Leena
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Although increased aerosol concentration modifies local air temperatures and boundary layer structure in urban areas, little is known about its effects on the urban hydrological cycle. Changes in the hydrological cycle modify surface runoff and flooding. Furthermore, as runoff commonly transports pollutants to soil and water, any changes impact urban soil and aquatic environments. To explore the radiative effect of haze on changes in the urban surface water balance in Beijing, different haze levels are modelled using the Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS), forced by reanalysis data. The pollution levels are classified using aerosol optical depth observations. The secondary aims are to examine the usability of a global reanalysis dataset in a highly polluted environment and the SUEWS model performance. We show that the reanalysis data do not include the attenuating effect of haze on incoming solar radiation and develop a correction method. Using these corrected data, SUEWS simulates measured eddy covariance heat fluxes well. Both surface runoff and drainage increase with severe haze levels, particularly with low precipitation rates: runoff from 0.06 to 0.18 mm d−1 and drainage from 0.43 to 0.62 mm d−1 during fairly clean to extremely polluted conditions, respectively. Considering all precipitation events, runoff rates are higher during extremely polluted conditions than cleaner conditions, but as the cleanest conditions have high precipitation rates, they induce the largest runoff. Thus, the haze radiative effect is unlikely to modify flash flooding likelihood. However, flushing pollutants from surfaces may increase pollutant loads in urban water bodies.
Alkyl nitrates in the boreal forest: Formation via the NO3, OH and O3 induced oxidation of BVOCs and ambient lifetimes
Authors: Liebmann Jonathan , Sobanski Nicolas , Schuladen Jan , Karu Einar , Hellén Heidi , Hakola Hannele , Zha Qiaozhi , Ehn Mikael , Riva Matthieu , Williams Jonathan , Fischer Horst , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The formation of alkyl nitrates in various oxidation processes taking place throughout the diel cycle can represent an important sink of reactive nitrogen and mechanism for chain-termination in atmospheric photo-oxidation cycles. The low volatility alkyl nitrates formed from biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), especially terpenoids, enhance rates of production and growth of secondary organic aerosol. Measurements of the NO3-reactivity and the mixing ratio of total alkyl nitrates in the Finnish boreal forest enabled assessment of the relative importance of NO3−, O3− and OH-initiated formation of alkyl-nitrates from BVOCs in this environment. The high reactivity of the forest air towards NO3 resulted in reactions of the nitrate radical with terpenes contributing substantially to formation of ANs not only during the night but also during daytime. Overall, night-time reactions of NO3 accounted for 49 % of the local production rate of ANs, with contributions of 21 %, 18 % and 12 % for NO3, OH and O3, during the day. The lifetimes of the gas-phase ANs formed in this environment were of the order of 2 hours implying that the lifetime of NOx is strongly controlled by biogenic emissions from the forest. As the organic nitrates are lost to the particle phase and via dry-deposition to foliar surfaces, the overall result is transfer of reactive nitrogen from anthropogenic sources to the forest ecosystem.
Multiscale estimation of the field-aligned current density
Authors: Bunescu Costel , Vogt Joachim , Marghitu Octav , Blagau Adrian
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Field-aligned
currents (FACs) in the magnetosphere–ionosphere (M–I)
system exhibit a range of spatial and temporal scales that are
linked to key dynamic coupling processes. To disentangle the scale
dependence in magnetic field signatures of auroral FACs and to
characterize their geometry and orientation, Bunescu et al. (2015)
introduced the multiscale FAC analyzer framework based on minimum
variance analysis (MVA) of magnetic time series segments. In the
present report this approach is carried further to include in the
analysis framework a FAC density scalogram, i.e., a multiscale
representation of the FAC density time series. The new technique is
validated and illustrated using synthetic data consisting of
overlapping sheets of FACs at different scales. The method is
applied to Swarm data showing both large-scale and quiet aurora as
well as mesoscale FAC structures observed during more disturbed
conditions. We show both planar and non-planar FAC structures as
well as uniform and non-uniform FAC density structures. For both
synthetic and Swarm data, the multiscale analysis is applied by two
scale sampling schemes, namely the linear and logarithmic scanning of the FAC
scale domain. The local FAC density is compared
with the input FAC density for the synthetic data, whereas for the
Swarm data we cross-check the results with well-established single- and
dual-spacecraft techniques. All the multiscale information
provides a new visualization tool for the complex FAC signatures
that complements other FAC analysis tools.
Identification of secondary fatty alcohols in atmospheric aerosols in temperate forests
Authors: Miyazaki Yuzo , Gowda Divyavani , Tachibana Eri , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Hiura Tsutom
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Fatty alcohols (FAs) are major components of surface
lipids (waxes) and can act as surface-active organic aerosols in the
atmosphere, influencing chemical reactions, particle lifetimes, and the
formation of cloud droplets and ice nuclei. However, studies on the
composition and source of the FAs in atmospheric aerosols are very limited.
In this study, we identified five secondary FAs (SFAs) with C27 and
C29 from aerosol samples collected throughout 1 year at two different deciduous forest sites in Japan. Fatty diols, such as
n-heptacosan-5,10-diol, were identified in atmospheric aerosols for the first
time. Among the identified SFAs, n-nonacosan-10-ol was the most abundant
compound, followed by n-nonacosan-5-10-diol at both of the forest sites.
Concentrations of the SFAs exhibited distinct seasonal variation, with
pronounced peaks during the growing season at each forest site. The SFAs
showed significant correlation with sucrose, which is used as a molecular
tracer of pollen. A significant fraction of the SFAs was attributed to the
submicrometer particles in the growing season. The results indicate that
they originated mostly from plant waxes and could be used as useful tracers
for primary biological aerosol particles.
Impact of precipitation and increasing temperatures on drought in
eastern Africa
Authors: Kew Sarah F. , Philip Sjoukje Y. , Hauser Mathias , Hobbins Mike , Wanders Niko , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , van der Wiel Karin , Veldkamp Ted I.E. , Kimutai Joyce , Funk Chris , Otto Friederike E. L.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In eastern Africa droughts can cause crop failure and lead to food insecurity. With increasing temperatures, there is an a priori assumption that droughts are becoming more severe, however, the link between droughts and climate change is not sufficiently understood. In the current study we focus on agricultural drought and the influence of high temperatures and precipitation deficits on this. Using a combination of models and observational datasets, we studied trends in six regions in eastern Africa in four drought-related annually averaged variables – soil moisture, precipitation, temperature and, as a measure of evaporative demand, potential evapotranspiration (PET). In standardized soil moisture data, we find no discernible trends. Precipitation was found to have a stronger influence on soil moisture variability than temperature or PET, especially in the drier, or water-limited, study regions. The error margins on precipitation-trend estimates are however large and no clear trend is evident. We find significant positive trends in local temperatures. However, the influence of these on soil moisture annual trends appears limited as evaporation is water limited. The trends in PET are predominantly positive, but we do not find strong relations between PET and soil moisture trends. Nevertheless, the PET-trend results can still be of interest for irrigation purposes as it is PET that determines the maximum evaporation rate. We conclude that, until now, the impact of increasing local temperatures on agricultural drought in eastern Africa is limited and recommend that any soil moisture analysis be supplemented by analysis of precipitation deficit.
Calculating the turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer with neural networks
Authors: Leufen Lukas Hubert , Schädler Gerd
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat and water vapour
link the Earth's surface with the atmosphere. Therefore, the correct
modelling of the flux interactions between these two systems with very
different timescales is vital for climate and weather forecast models.
Conventionally, these fluxes are modelled using Monin–Obukhov similarity
theory (MOST) with stability functions derived from a small number of field
experiments. This results in a range of formulations of these functions and
thus also in differences in the flux calculations; furthermore, the
underlying equations are non-linear and have to be solved iteratively at each
time step of the model. In this study, we tried a different and more flexible
approach, namely using an artificial neural network (ANN) to calculate the scaling quantities u* and
θ* (used to parameterise the fluxes), thereby avoiding
function fitting and iteration. The network was trained and validated with
multi-year data sets from seven grassland, forest and wetland sites worldwide
using the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) quasi-Newton
backpropagation algorithm and six-fold cross validation. Extensive
sensitivity tests showed that an ANN with six input variables and one hidden
layer gave results comparable to (and in some cases even slightly better
than) the standard method; moreover, this ANN performed considerably better
than a multivariate linear regression model. Similar satisfying results were
obtained when the ANN routine was implemented in a one-dimensional
stand-alone land surface model (LSM), paving the way for implementation in
three-dimensional climate models. In the case of the one-dimensional LSM, no
CPU time was saved when using the ANN version, as the small time step of the
standard version required only one iteration in most cases. This may be
different in models with longer time steps, e.g. global climate models.
FRUTA DO CONDE E SAÚDE (Annona squamosa, L.): UMA BREVE REVISÃO
Authors: RADÜNZ Marjana , CAMARGO Taiane Mota , RIBEIRO Jardel Araújo , RADÜNZ André Luiz
Published: May 2019

A busca por uma alimentação saudável e que ocasione a promoção da saúde vêm aumentando nos últimos anos, e, neste sentido, as frutas e hortaliças recebem destaque, já que seu consumo está associado com a menor incidência de diversas doenças. Dentre as frutas que possuem estes benefícios está a fruta do conde (Annona squamosa, L.), que é produzida principalmente na região nordeste do Brasil. A mesma é rica em compostos fenólicos, terpenos, e as acetogeninas, ácidos graxos de cadeia muito longa exclusivas da família Annonaceous. Estes compostos são responsáveis por diversas atividades atribuídas à fruta, como atividade antioxidante, antimicrobiana, anticarcinogênica, anti-hipertensiva, antidiabética, imunossupressora, além amenizar os sintomas do hipotireoidismo, comprovando, assim, que o seu consumo é extremamente recomendável e benéfico ao organismo humano.
MENORES CONCENTRAÇÕES DE FITAS MOLDES DE DNA GENÔMICO EXTRAÍDAS A PARTIR DE MICROBIOTA RUMINAL AUMENTAM A EFICIÊNCIA DAS AMPLIFICAÇÕES IN VITRO
Authors: FREITAS-LIDANI Kárita Cláudia , FERREIRA Daniela Scherner , MADEIRA Humberto Maciel França , Gabriel Jane Eyre
Published: May 2019

O presente estudo teve como objetivo maximizar a amplificação in vitro de amostras de DNA genômico extraídas a partir de micro-organismos típicos da microbiota ruminal. Diferentes concentrações de amostras de DNA genômico isoladas a partir líquido ruminal foram empregadas como fitas moldes em reações de amplificação na presença de iniciadores específicos para o gene do RNA ribossomal 16S. Um produto amplificado de aproximadamente 500pb foi visualizado em eletroforese em géis de agarose. Baixa eficiência de amplificação com a presença de produtos não-específicos de amplificação foi verificada nas PCRs realizadas na presença de DNA genômico variando de 19,2 a 40ng. Produtos de amplificação foram exclusivamente detectados com maior intensidade e alta especificidade nas amostras de DNA genômico contendo as menores quantidades de fita-molde de 0,8 a 1,6ng. Ausência de sinal de amplificação foi verificada nas reações de PCRs contendo maiores quantidades de DNA genômico variando de 98 a 200ng. Assim, amostras de DNA mais concentradas demonstraram baixa eficiência e especificidade de amplificação em comparação às amostras menos concentradas de fitas moldes. Desta forma, os resultados descritos nesse estudo evidenciam que concentrações de DNA inferiores às quantidades geralmente recomendadas nos protocolos convencionais produziram amplicon com alta especificidade nas reações de amplificação, empregando como fitas moldes DNA genômico isolado a partir de microbiota ruminal. As descobertas descritas nesse estudo apresentam uma estratégia acessível para amplificar in vitro fragmentos de DNAs genômicos ruminais provenientes de complexas comunidades microbianas.
ESCOLHA ALIMENTAR DE UNIVERSITÁRIOS DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE DO PARANÁ
Authors: LIMA Karine Aparecida , SCHWARZ Kélin , MENEGASSI Bruna , MACHADO Tatiane Winkler Marques , SALDAN Paula Chuproski
Published: May 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a escolha alimentar de usuários universitários beneficiados com o auxílio alimentação. Foi realizado um estudo transversal em uma Unidade Produtora de Refeição de um restaurante universitário da cidade de Guarapuava-PR, com 175 participantes. Foi avaliado o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) auto referido e a avaliação da escolha alimentar deu-se por meio de um cartão e do registro fotográfico dos pratos, para verificar a presença dos grupos de alimentos no almoço de cinco dias. De acordo com o IMC, a maior parte dos participantes encontrava-se em estado de eutrofia. Em relação a escolha alimentar, 96,5% (n=169) dos participantes escolheram alimentos do grupo dos cereais, raízes e tubérculos nos cinco dias avaliados, 60,5% (n=106) escolheram alimentos do grupo das leguminosas (feijão) todos os dias da semana e 27,4% (n=48) dos  participantes escolheram esse alimento 3 a 4 vezes na semana, já a escolha de alimentos do grupo das hortaliças durante cinco dias da semana foi de 90,2% (n=158), do grupo das carnes 84,5% (n=148) dos participantes escolheram alimentos desse grupo todos os dias da semana e 11,4% (n=20) de 3 a 4 vezes. Em relação ao grupo de doces e açúcares aqui representado pelas sobremesas, 72,5% (n=127) dos participantes não escolheram alimentos desse grupo e 20,5% (n=36) escolheram 1 a 2 vezes na semana. A maioria dos participantes realizam escolhas saudáveis, o que mostra que o auxílio alimentação tem sido um ponto positivo para a alimentação dos comensais beneficiados.
Some Landau type inequalities for functions whose derivatives are of locally bounded variation
Authors: Barnett N. S. , Dragomir S. S.
Published: May 2019

Some inequalities of the Landau type for functions whose derivatives are of locally bounded variation are pointed out.
Dedekind zeta functions of certain real quadratic fields
Authors: Jiao Rongzheng , Lu Hongwen
Published: May 2019

Using analytic and modular transformation methods, we represent the value of the product of two Dedekind zeta functions of certain real quadratic number fields at $-3$ by Dedekind sums of high rank in this paper.
On certain types of notions via preopen sets
Authors: Jafari Saeid
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we deal with the new class of pre-regular $p$-open sets in which the notion of preopen set is involved. We characterize these sets and study some of their fundamental properties. We also present two other notions called extremally $p$-discreteness and locally $p$-indiscreteness by utilizing the notions of preopen and preclosed sets by which we obtain some equivalence relations for pre-regular $p$-open sets. Moreover, we define the notion of regular $p$-open sets by utilizing the notion of pre-regular $p$-open sets. We investigate some of the main properties of these sets and study their relations to pre-regular $p$-open sets.
Logarithmically complete monotonicity properties and characterizations of the gamma function
Authors: Li Ai-Jun , Chen Chao-Ping
Published: May 2019

n this paper, the logarithmically complete monotonic properties of the functions $ \prod_{i=1}^{n}\frac{\Gamma(x-a_i)}{\Gamma(x-b_i)} $ ,$ \Gamma(x)^{\alpha}\Gamma\Big(x-\sum_{i=1}^n a_i\Big)/\prod_{i=1}^{n}\Gamma(x-a_i) $, and $ x^r(e/x)^x \Gamma(x) $ are obtained. Some characterizations of the gamma function are deduced.
Unicity of meromorphic functions concerning differential equation
Authors: Bhoosnurmath Subhas S. , Kulkarni Milind N. , Prabhu Vaishali
Published: May 2019

In this paper,we investigate the uniqueness of meromorphic function satisfying a differential equation. Our result improves some known results.
On a system of nonlinear wave equations of Kirchhoff type with a strong dissipation
Authors: Wu Shun-Tang , Tsai Long-Yi
Published: May 2019

The initial boundary value problem for systems of nonlinear wave equations of Kirchhoff type with strong dissipation in a bounded domain is considered. We prove the local existence of solutions by Banach fixed point theorem and

blow-up of solutions by energy method. Some estimates for the life span of solutions are given.
New relations among Euler sums of even weight
Authors: Liaw Wen-Chin
Published: May 2019

IIn this paper, we shall consider different kinds of Euler sums which are related to Ramanujan's constant $G(1)$. We develop new relations among these Euler sums and classical Euler sums of even weight. In particular, from these relations we give explicit evaluations of $$ G_{1, 2n+1} = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(2k+1)^{2n+1}} \sum_{j=1}^{k} \frac{1}{j}. $$
Coincidence and ﬁxed point results for non-commuting maps
Authors: Latif Abdul , Al-Mezel Saleh A.
Published: May 2019

In the setting of Banach spaces, some results on the existence of coincidence and common fixed points for single-valued and multivalued non-commuting maps with and without contractive type conditions are obtained.
Fractional integral operators involving the product of Srivastava polynomials and Srivastava-Panda multivariable $ H $ -functions of generalized arguments
Authors: Chaurasia V. B. L. , Pandey S. C.
Published: May 2019

The paper deals with two fractionalintegral formulae involving the product of a general class ofpolynomials and multivariate $H$-function. The first involves theoperator $_cI_z^v[f(z)]$ whereas second is associated with theintegral operator $I_z^{\eta, v}[f(z)]$. In our fractional integralformulae we have taken all the functions and polynomials with ageneralized argument. The formulae, we have introduced here, are incompact form and basic in nature. A number of known and new resultshave been obtained by proper choice of parameters. For the sake ofillustration, we record here some particular cases of our mainresults.
Generalization on some theorems of $ L^1 $-convergence of certain trigonometric series
Authors: Tomovski Zivorad
Published: May 2019

In this paper we study $ L^1 $-convergence of the $ r $-th derivatives of Fourier series with complex-valued coefficients. Namely new necessary-sufficient conditions for $L^1$-convergence of the $ r $-th derivatives of Fourier series are given. These results generalize corresponding theorems proved by several authors (see [7], [10], [13], [19]). Applying the Wang-Telyakovskii class $ ({\bf B}{\bf V})_r^\sigma $, $ \>\sigma>0 $, $ \>r=0,1,2,\ldots\, $ we generalize also the theorem proved by Garrett, Rees and Stanojevi\'{c} in [5]. Finally, for $ \sigma=1 $ some corollaries of this theorem are given.
Insights in adolescents’ advertising literacy, perceptions and responses regarding sponsored influencer videos and disclosures
Authors: Van Dam Sophia , Van Reijmersdal Eva
Published: May 2019

Increasingly, online video creators are promoting brands to their network of adolescent followers, a phenomenon known as video influencer marketing. Both the vulnerability of adolescents and the lack of sponsorship disclosures raise concerns about the ethics of influencer marketing. Through focus groups (20 participants, aged 12 to 16), we investigated adolescents’ awareness and understanding of the presence of persuasive content in influencer videos (i.e. conceptual advertising literacy), their moral and evaluative perceptions of this content (i.e. attitudinal and moral advertising literacy), their perceptions of disclosures, and the role of disclosures in their evaluations of the sponsoring brand and the influencer. Results show that adolescents are accepting of sponsorships and show compassion toward the influencers instead of having a critical perspective. Moreover, disclosures are appreciated as long as they do not disturb the editorial–commercial balance of the sponsored video. However, when a disclosure does disturb this balance, adolescents report reactance and negative brand evaluations. The results contribute to the theoretical understanding of adolescents’ advertising literacy of video influencer marketing and provide practical guidelines for establishing disclosure policies.