bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objectivité et dépersonnalisation dans le discours scientifique
Authors: Bień Janusz
Published: July 2019

In this paper the term objectivity refers to a discursive phenomenon, mostly defined like distance of the arguments toward meanings expressed by predicates and so toward a whole text’s content. Its impact depends on the frequency of any formal parameters, lacking grammatical information in the text: agentless passives, impersonal structures, nominalizations, and, on the other hand, to a low frequency of deictic pronouns. Our detailed, corpus-based analysis confirms its high and pragmatic importance in scientific texts. Inside scientific-academic discourse the phenomenon suffers a numerical variability that may be related to three criterions: type of text, part of text and scientific discipline.
La désignation des unions civiles dans la langue juridique française et polonaise
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Paulina
Published: July 2019

This article concerns the designation of civil unions expressed in French and Polish legal language, serving a dual purpose: epistemological and analytical. On the one hand, the relationship between conceptualization and the definition of real entities in the terminological perspective will be examined, as, indeed, terminological investigations, including jurilinguistics, allows for examining the relationship between real entities, concepts as mental constructions, and terms which designate them in languages for specific purposes. On the other hand, the designations of civil unions in the French and Polish law will be compared, demonstrating that sometimes they result from the same legal tradition and, in other cases, reflect cultural changes that inform the coinage of new terminological units.
La critique de cinéma comme outil rhétorique de persuasion
Authors: Topa-Bryniarska Dominika
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine emotional argumentation in the context of discursive strategies of persuasion, exploiting the rhetorical parameters of movere and delectare that govern the persuasive enterprise rooted in the deliberative dimension of film reviews. Based on one hundred reviews of three French popular comedies the author proposes to identify linguistic units related to the principle of affective and conative assignment of intensifying attribution and identification. Thus it is possible to lock the addressee in the discursive universe created by the addresser, which in many respects resembles the techniques used in the advertising argumentation.
Les Rapports annuels du Réseau européen des migrations : Analyse comparée
Authors: Siletti Alida
Published: July 2019

This research analyses six Annual Reports (AR) written by the European Migration Network, in particular two general AR (written in English) and four AR depending on its French and Italian National Contact Points (written in French and in English, respectively). It aims at studying the way in which paratext — namely Peircean diagrams (maps, boxes and charts) — does not only contribute to a better textual comprehension by the target public as compared with AR in which these tools are rare or lacking, but also convey their authors’ opinion. Our hypothesis, verified during the analysis, consists of inferring that the EMN chooses official and reliable data to catch public’s attention, so not respecting neutrality which may deal with an official report of an institution. If the usage of Peircean diagrams is wider in the EMN AR than in its NCP AR, these tools represent reliability for institutions and politicians who may be interested in reading them, but they are also a source of authority for editors who write them. This research is based on the analysis of expert and institutional discourse (Maingueneau 2002; 2004; Maris 2002; Cussó & Gobin 2008) and on its pragmatic outcomes (Bouchard 2015; Espeland 2015).
Comparison of Steroid Hormone Hydroxylations by and Docking to Human Cytochromes P450 3A4 and 3A5
Authors: Niwa Toshiro , Narita Kanae , Okamoto Ayaka , Murayama Norie , Yamazaki Hiroshi
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Hydroxylation activity at the 6β-position of steroid hormones (testosterone, progesterone, and cortisol) by human cytochromes P450 (P450 or CYP) 3A4 and CYP3A5 and their molecular docking energy values were compared to understand the catalytic properties of the major forms of human CYP3A, namely, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5. Methods: Testosterone, progesterone, and cortisol 6β-hydroxylation activities of recombinant CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were determined by liquid chromatography. Docking simulations of these substrates to the heme moiety of reported crystal structures of CYP3A4 (Protein Data Bank code ITQN) and CYP3A5 (6MJM) were conducted. Results: Michaelis constants (Km) for CYP3A5-mediated 6β-hydroxylation of testosterone and progesterone were approximately twice those for CYP3A4, whereas the value for cortisol 6β-hydroxylation mediated by CYP3A5 was similar to the value for that by CYP3A4. Maximal velocities (Vmax) of the three steroid hormones 6β-hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP3A5 were 30%-63% of those by CYP3A4. Thus, Vmax/ Km values of these hormones for CYP3A5 resulted in 22%-31% of those for CYP3A4. The differences in the docking energies between CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 for steroid hormones were slightly correlated to the logarithm of CYP3A5/CYP3A4 ratios for Km values (substrate affinity). Conclusions: The Vmax, rather than Km values, for CYP3A5-mediated 6β-hydroxylation of three steroid hormones were different from those for CYP3A4. Molecular docking simulations could partially explain the differences in the accessibility of substrates to the heme moiety of human CYP3A molecules, resulting in the enzymatic affinity of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5.
A Neoclassical Realist Explanation of the Balfour Declaration and the Origins of the British Foreign Policy in Palestine
Authors: EDİZ İsmail
Published: July 2019

A number of developments in the first quarter of the 20th century have an important role in shaping the Middle East. The Sharif Hussein-Mc Mahon Negotiations, the Sykes-Picot Agreement, the Balfour Declaration and other secret agreements between Britain and France that emerged during the First World War deeply affected the subsequent period of Arab geography. The Balfour Declaration in 1917 can be called one of the founding texts of Israel. In this respect, the declaration has a great impact on all the Middle Eastern politics, especially Palestine. It will not be wrong to say that the Palestine issue, which has become one of the most important problems of the region in time, has its roots in the Balfour Declaration. For this reason, cognizance of the Balfour Declaration and Britain's Palestinian politics after the First World War is crucial to understand the region's later history. From this point of view, this article attempts to examine the regional policies of Britain through the declaration and to provide a causality for the emergence of the declaration. What is the key motivation behind the Balfour Declaration? How can one explain the emergence of the declaration only in 1917, although it came to the agenda in Britain as early as 1915? This study claims that a particular set of internal and external factors associated with British politics gave rise to the declaration. The present article dissects these factors from the perspective of neoclassical realist theory and evaluate the systemic modifiers and unit-level variables in order to explain the Balfour Declaration. Specifically, it examines decision-making process behind the declaration from a systematic and holistic perspective.
Sovyetler Birliği'nde Din Karşıtı Mücadele ve Komsomol
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Burcu
Published: July 2019

Sovyetler Birliği’nde dinle mücadele, sınıf savaşının önemli bir parçasıydı ve sosyalist bir toplum düzenin kurulabilmesinin önkoşulu olarak görülüyordu. Bunun için komünist yönetim tarafından devrimin ilk yıllarından itibaren yoğun bir din karşıtı propaganda yürütüldü. Din, emekçilerin başlıca düşmanı olarak tanımlandı. İbadethanelerin kapatılması, dini eğitimin yasaklanması, her türlü dini yayının durdurulması bu sürecin ilk adımlarıydı. Daha sonraki dönemde bunlara din karşıtı bayramlar, seminerler ve film gösterimleri gibi metotlar da eklendi. Sovyetler Birliği’nde dinle mücadele sürecini yürüten kurum, 1925 yılında teşkil edilen Militan Ateistler Birliği’ydi. Militan Ateistler Birliği’nin vazifesi, din karşıtı propagandadan kiliselerin kapatılmasına ve dini cemaatlerin tasfiyesine kadar çeşitlilik arz ediyordu. Bununla birlikte dinle mücadelede Komsomol da önemli bir rol oynadı. Komsomol’un din karşıtı propaganda metotlarından en dikkat çekici olanı, dini bayram günlerinde gerçekleştirilen Komsomol festivalleriydi. Komsomol festivallerinin amacı kutsal şeylere tapınmak değildi, tam tersine bunlar dini değerlerin alaya alındığı etkinliklerdi. Komsomol’un görevi, bu festivaller aracılığıyla, yeni nesle hiçbir kutsallığın bulunmadığını göstermekti. Bu çalışma, devrimin ilk yıllarından başlayarak Sovyetler Birliği’ndeki dinle mücadele sürecini ele almakta ve ayrıca Komsomol’un bu mücadeledeki rolünü arşiv belgelerinden de istifade ederek açıklamaya çalışmaktadır.
Manejo de evisceración intestinal transvaginal secundaria a dehiscencia de la cúpula vaginal posterior a histerectomía: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Rueda-Espinel Santiago , Cobos-Mantilla Facundo
Published: July 2019

Objetivos: reportar un caso de evisceración intestinal transvaginal posterior a histerectomía abdominal total y realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre su diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de una paciente de 48 años que consulta a una institución de alta complejidad por evisceración intestinal transvaginal de 10 horas de evolución, se realiza laparotomía para reducción de la evisceración y reparación del defecto de cúpula vaginal. Se hace una búsqueda en Medline vía PubMed, Embase, Elsevier, Medigraphic, Wolters Kluwer Health y UpToDate con los términos: “dehiscencia de cúpula vaginal”, “evisceración intestinal transvaginal”, “dehiscencia posterior a histerectomía”, “complicaciones histerectomía”, y en bola de nieve a partir de los estudios identificados, en idiomas inglés y español.

Resultados: se incluyeron 14 estudios. El diagnóstico de la evisceración transvaginal es eminentemente clínico al observar salida de contenido abdominal por vagina, se puede asociar a signos de peritonitis u obstrucción intestinal. Su manejo inicial debe intentar el empaquetamiento vaginal y la profilaxis antibiótica. Se han descrito varias técnicas quirúrgicas para corregir el defecto de la cúpula vaginal y reforzar el cierre de la dehiscencia de la cúpula.

Conclusiones: la evisceración transvaginal se considera una urgencia quirúrgica. Se requieren más estudios que evalúen la seguridad y la efectividad de las diferentes intervenciones para el manejo.
Cumplimiento inadecuado de las recomendaciones para el proceso de la inducción del trabajo de parto como desencadenante de la cesárea en mujeres con embarazo simple a término. Estudio descriptivo
Authors: Álvarez-Zapata Elkin Alonso , González-Hernández Liza María , Jiménez-Arango Nidia Beatriz , Zuleta-Tobón John Jairo
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: describir las características del proceso de inducción del trabajo de parto relacionadas con el exceso de cesáreas en las mujeres a quienes se les realiza este procedimiento. Materiales y Métodos: cohorte histórica descriptiva en la que se incluyeron las gestantes sin antecedente de cesárea, con embarazo único, a término y presentación cefálica, sometidas a inducción del trabajo de parto en un hospital de tercer nivel de complejidad, en Medellín, Colombia, en el periodo de mayo de 2015 a octubre de 2016. Se excluyeron mujeres con feto muerto antes de la inducción. Muestreo consecutivo. Se midieron: edad materna, paridad, edad gestacional, indicación de la inducción del trabajo de parto, favorabilidad del cérvix, tiempo de la inducción, calidad de la actividad uterina lograda, tipo de parto, momento de la inducción en que se decide la cesárea. Para definir el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de inducción se tuvieron como referencia las guías de práctica clínica de organizaciones internacionales de la especialidad y las nuevas directrices generadas en la propuesta de reducción de la primera cesárea del año 2012. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: de 2402 nacimientos se seleccionaron 289 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se realizó cesárea al 48 % de las gestantes, a 60,8 % de las nulíparas y a 32,1 % de las multíparas someti- das a inducción. El 72,2 % de las que tenían cérvix desfavorable recibieron oxitocina como método de maduración cervical. A 108 (37%) de las mujeres llevadas a inducción de parto se les realizó cesárea por diagnóstico de inducción fallida que se conside- ró inadecuado en todas ellas, ya que el diagnóstico se realizó antes de alcanzar 6 cm de dilatación en 88 (81,5 %), con membranas íntegras en 67 (62 %), sin actividad uterina en 42 (38,9 %), con actividad uterina de mala calidad en 23 (21,3 %) y 55 (61 %), no tuvieron al menos 24 horas de fase latente antes de realizar la cesárea. Conclusión: se encontró falta de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones para una adecuada inducción que lleva a un diagnóstico errado de inducción fallida.
Representaciones sociales frente a la lactancia materna en mujeres rurales y urbanas de Jalisco, México: estudio cualitativo
Authors: García-Magdaleno Verónica Guadalupe , Laureano-Eugenio Jorge
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: comprender las representaciones sociales frente a la lactancia materna en mujeres de contextos rural y urbano, en Jalisco (México), entre 2016 y 2017. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo fenomenológico. En mujeres de comunidades rurales y urbanas de la Jurisdicción Sanitaria XII, Centro Tlaquepaque, Jalisco (México), identificadas por informantes clave, se realizaron entrevistas en grupos focales, grabadas en audio y analizadas semióticamente hasta llegar a la saturación teórica de las categorías: significado, actores generadores de significado y deseos frente a la lactancia materna. Resultados: 6 grupos focales de 14 mujeres rurales, con edades de 29,4±7,8 años, y 9 mujeres urbanas con edades de 27,3±7,1 años. Cualitativamente, en ambos contextos se identificaron significados que se categorizaron en mitos, técnica de amamantamiento y crecimiento y desarrollo del lactante. Como actores generadores de significados se encontraron: personal de salud y hospital, red social, familia, Dios y comunidad. Como deseos las mujeres describen beneficios propios por amamantar y para el infante. Conclusiones: las representaciones sociales frente a la lactancia materna tienen diferencias y similitudes de acuerdo con el contexto geográfico donde se desarrollan; los elementos y actores que las configuran determinan el inicio, mantenimiento o abandono de la lactancia y deben considerarse en las intervenciones de promoción y educación de la salud dirigidas a las mujeres y su entorno.
Refinamiento iterativo del Método de Gauss-Jordan, en sistemas mal condicionados
Authors: Mesa Astrid Yesenia , Calvache Archila Alvaro
Published: July 2019

En este Artículo, se construye un algoritmo iterativo para mejorar la solución de un sistema de ecuaciones lineales, de la forma Ax=b, cuando se resuelve utilizando el Método de Gauss-Jordan y utilizando aritmética finita. Comprender el funcionamiento del algoritmo, mostrar su alcance y analizar cómo se dedujo, se logra a través del concepto de norma matricial, junto con algunas de sus propiedades. Se introduce el concepto del número de condición de una matriz, y se le encuentran cotas mediante el uso de las normas matriciales. Finalmente, se expone el algoritmo iterativo del Refinamiento, que muestra el poder de éste, al resolver un sistema de Ecuaciones lineales mal condicionadas.
PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF TIPE CARD SORT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA SISWA KELAS X
Authors: Astuti Resti
Published: July 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran kimia dengan menerapkan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe card sort di kelas X.F SMA Negeri 1 Indralaya. Materi Yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini yaitu materi hidrokarbon. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, dilakukan dalam tiga siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi dan tes akhir siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata nilai hasil belajar siswa sebelum dilakukan tindakan (T0) yaitu 62,3 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 33,33%, siklus I (T1) yaitu 64,46 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 57,14%, siklus II (T2) yaitu 73,83 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 73,33% dan pada siklus III (T3) yaitu 79,82% dengan ketuntasan klasikal 85,71%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe card  sort dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kimia siswa. Peneliti memberikan saran kepada guru, sekolah, dan peneliti lain dapat menerapkan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe card sort dikelas sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.

Kata kunci : hasil belajar, card sort, penelitian tindakan kelas
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERPUSAT SISWA DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS DAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH SISWA
Authors: Ningrum Wiwid Pungki
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan perbedaan keterampilan proses sains (KPS) dan pemecahan masalah (PM) siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran berpusat siswa (MPBS) dengan siswa yang belajar dengan direct instruction (DI). MPBS diterapkan pada materi asam-basa di kelas XI SMA. Aspek KPS yang diukur ialah observasi, inferensi, merancang percobaan, mengukur, mengkontruksi tabel, dan komunikasi. PM diukur dengan tes yang mengukur proses kognitif C2, C3 dan C4 dengan dimensi pengetahuan faktual, konseptual dan prosedural. Desain penelitian yang diterapkan ialah post-test control group. Sampel pada kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen sebanyak 27 siswa. Kedua data dianalisis dengan MANOVA. Test of between-subjects effects dilakukan pada data PM, sedangkan uji U-Mann Whitney dilaksanakan pada variabel KPS sebab data tidak normal. Hasil menunjukkan pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada KPS dan PM siswa pada kedua kelas, namun ada effect size sebesar 0,071. Hasil uji U-Mann Whitney menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada KPS siswa di kedua kelas terutama pada aspek merancang percobaan dan observasi. Test of between-subject effects menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada PM siswa pada kedua kelas, dengan effect size sebesar 5,7%. Perbedaan PM paling signifikan terdapat pada sub-materi pH asam kuat dan pH basa lemah.

Kata kunci : model pembelajaran berpusat siswa, keterampilan proses sains, PM
KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN SENSORIS CENDOL INSTAN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN CINCAU HIJAU (CYCLEA BARBATA L.)
Authors: Lestari Bayurini
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik fisik dan sensoris serta, menghitung laju peningkatan kadar air pada cendol instan dalam kemasan polypropylene pada suhu ruang.  Perlakuan pada penelitian terdiri dari tiga taraf dengan tiga ulangan.  Rancangan yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan dua faktor perlakuan dan tiap perlakuan terdiri dari tiga taraf serta tiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali.  Dua perlakuan terdiri dari konsentrasi penambahan ekstrak daun cincau hijau (A1 = 0 % , A2 = 10 % , A3 = 20 %) dan konsentrasi penambahan ekstrak daun suji dan pandan (B1 = 10 % , B2 = 20 %, B3 = 30 %).Parameter yang diamati meliputi tekstur, warna, pori-pori, lama rehidrasi serta uji sensoris dan uji difference from control. Hasil analisis keragaman menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun cincau hijau dan penambahan ekstrak daun suji dan pandan berpengaruh nyata terhadap tekstur dan berpengatuh tidak nyata terhadap warna, lama rehidrasi. Secara sensoris cendol instan yang disukai panelis yaitu dengan perlakuan A3B2(penambahan ekstrak daun cincau hijau 20% dan penambahan ekstrak daun suji dan pandan 20%).  Karakteristik fisik A3B2adalah tesktur 44,00 gf, warna (kecerahan 62,03%, kehijauan -4,33, yellowness 22,80, total perbedaan warna 6,0), lama rehidrasi 2,62 menit, jumlah porositas pori besar 15,31% dan jumlah porositas pori kecil 84,69%).
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN THINK PAIR SHARETERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERKOMUNIKASI SISWA PADA LARUTAN ELEKTROLIT DAN NON ELEKTROLIT
Authors: Experenza Prestin , Isnaini Muhammad , Irmita Luthfia
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share terhadap keterampilan berkomunikasi siswa. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Posttest Only Control Group Design. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada semester genap yang dimulai tanggal 07 sampai 28 Januari 2019. Populasi  dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kelas X MIA MA Patra Mandiri Palembang tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 yang terdistribusi dalam 3 kelas  yaitu kelas X MIA 1, X MIA 2, dan X MIA 3. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu teknik Purposive Sampling. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas X MIA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X MIA 3 sebaga kelas kontrol. Data keterampilan berkomunikasi siswa diperoleh melalui observasi, kuisioner, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dan taraf signifikansi = 5%. Hasil uji hipotesis Mann-Whitney sebesar Asymp.sig.(2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 <0,05. Hal ini berarti terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share terhadap keterampilan berkomunikasi siswa di kelas X MIA pada materi larutan elektrolit dan non elektrolit di MA Patra Mandiri Palembang.
Perspectivas do avatar: espírito de seriedade e má-fé
Authors: Kania Marta M.
Published: July 2019

Este ensaio teórico explora a experiência e o posicionamento de jogadores dentro do mundo do jogo a partir de uma perspectiva interna, buscando compreender as condições de uma situação de gameplay como um "eu-avatar". Analisa aspectos do mundo, jogador e avatar do game The Vanishing of Ethan Carter a fim de ilustrar e dar suporte aos seus argumentos teóricos sobre o processo de produção de significados em relação ao posicionamento interno do eu-avatar no jogo. Contextualiza conceitos existencialistas relacionados à situação de vida desenvolvidos por Jean-Paul Sartre, como má-fé e espírito de seriedade, à situação de gameplay, ao refletir teoricamente sobre a relação entre ser, jogador e avatar no jogo através da interseção da Filosofia e dos Estudos de Jogos. Propõe que a produção de significado e a interpretação da experiência individual dos jogadores ocorrem na interconexão entre múltiplas perspectivas, proporcionadas pela complexidade do posicionamento do jogador em relação ao jogo, ao avatar e ao mundo do jogo. Defende que a perspectiva do jogador e o posicionamento no jogo não podem ser experimentados separadamente do avatar, já que o eu-avatar é um ser emergente situado dentro do mundo do jogo que consiste tanto na existência e nos atos intencionais do jogador, assim como nas características do avatar.
Dos Espaços de Jogo aos Mundos Jogáveis
Authors: Leino Olli Tapio
Published: July 2019

Este artigo examina criticamente os fundamentos fenomenológicos daquilo que podemos chamar de “paradigma da espacialidade” no estudo dos videogames – o projeto de se utilizar metáforas e terminologias espaciais para compreender a atividade de jogo. Apoiando-me na tradição (pós)fenomenológica, argumento que, embora essa terminologia seja útil para projetos analíticos que busquem elucidar a estrutura e forma do artefato de jogo, bem como os processos que facilitam, noções espaciais não necessariamente se adequam ao aspecto de primeira-pessoa que constitui a experiência de se jogar um videogame – especialmente nos casos de jogos que não se sustentam em locomoção e propriocepção simuladas em espaços tridimensionais. Além disso, debato que as diferenças entre jogos para um jogador e jogos multiplayer – ou seja, que jogos para um jogador podem ser descritos, usando o enquadramento de relações de intencionalidade de Ihde, como situados em “relações de alteridade”, e jogos multiplayer em “relações de mediação” – complicam ainda mais a questão da espacialidade nos videogames. Dadas essas observações, sugiro que, se noções espaciais parecem problemáticas para a descrição da experiência em primeira-pessoa de se jogar videogames para um jogador, a noção de ‘mundo de jogo’ parece mais precisa para designar aquilo com o que os jogadores se envolvem.
Ser e não ser, essa é a missão: ontologia das regras em jogos de computador
Authors: Mosca Ivan
Published: July 2019

Este artigo pretende demonstrar que jogos não podem ser analisados como sistemas de regras. As ferramentas teóricas disponíveis na Ontologia Social de John Searle podem ser aplicadas aos Game Studies, especialmente na análise das regras. De acordo com a Ontologia Social, tanto as regras quanto os jogos podem ser definidos como objetos que dependem dos sujeitos, mas o processo de constituição de cada um é diferente. A maior parte dos estudiosos dos Game Studies explicam os jogos de computador como sistemas de regras, mas normalmente não há regras em jogos baseados em computado. Jogadores de computador não obedecem nem seguem regras, e nem designers nem programadores prescrevem regras: em vez disso, eles criam affordances que usuários podem usar para jogarem ou não. De fato, a constituição de um jogo depende da maneira com a qual os jogadores significam sua atividade, o que requer consciência completa e a liberdade para definir algo como um jogo ou não. Finalmente, o artigo fornece uma categorização dos jogos que fazem uso de regras (apenas alguns jogos de computador estão incluídos), uma categorização dos jogadores que fazem uso de regras, e uma categorização de teorias de games que se referem a regras.
Liberdade Religiosa e Direitos Humanos. Uma Leitura da Teoria da Decisão Adequada a Partir de Casos Paradigmáticos Julgados pela Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos
Authors: dos Santos Maria Celeste C. L. , Araújo Marilene
Published: July 2019

A Convenção Europeia dos Direitos do Homem garante a liberdade religiosa daquela comunidade. Ao mesmo tempo, as divergências da cultura dos direitos humanos e da cultura religiosa apresentam para a Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos a cada momento um novo problema. O art. 9 º da Convenção estabelece a liberdade religiosa, outros direitos preservados pela Convenção aparecem, iniciando disputas e jogos de interesses. A Corte recorre ao critério de ponderação. De um lado, é dever do Estado garantir a liberdade religiosa, porém a proteção de um direito pode mitigar outros direitos garantidos pela Convenção. Será que na busca pela efetividade da liberdade religiosa, o Tribunal pode encontrar uma decisão adequada, controlável e racional? A tópica poderá orientar a obtenção de respostas.
Bem Jurídico no Direito Penal Econômico: uma Abordagem Criminológico-Crítica
Authors: Ramidoff Mário Luiz , Ramidoff Luísa Munhoz Bürgel
Published: July 2019

Neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se estudos e pesquisas acerca do bem jurídico-penal no direito penal econômico, a partir de uma abordagem criminológico-crítica, diante mesmo do novo instituto jurídico-legal denominado de compliance, então, contemplado por legislações recentemente promulgadas. O bem jurídico, enquanto categoria elementar ao Direito Penal – aqui, de viés econômico –, tem importância não só na vinculação do órgão julgador quando se destina à responsabilização criminal do agente a quem se atribui a prática de um delito, mas, também, ao legislador no momento em que formula as regras jurídicas que definem crimes e suas respectivas sanções. Por isso mesmo, adotou-se o bem jurídico como objeto central nessa linha de estudos e pesquisas relativamente ao Direito Penal Econômico, com o intuito de que fosse possível verificar a sua importância na (de)limitação da intervenção estatal, de cunho repressivo-punitivo. Não fosse isto, e para que não se restringisse a uma perspectiva meramente dogmática (jurídico-penal), ampliou-se metodologicamente a análise dessa categoria jurídica através das importantes contribuições multidisciplinares, então, oferecidas pelos estudos e pesquisas criminológicas, de viés crítico. No mais, destacou-se também a importância do novo instituto denominado “compliance”, para a adequação da atividade empresarial à função social da empresa, bem como forma de prevenção da prática de condutas delituosas. Pois, através de um programa de integridade é possível vincular o desenvolvimento de atividades técnico-profissionais com o cumprimento fiel das leis e de regras internas da empresa, segundo a política econômica de transparência, integridade e de ética empresarial com responsabilidade social. A metodologia é basicamente bibliográfica, através do levantamento de material teórico-pragmático, tendo-se em conta o viés dedutivo que é tão próprio ao conhecimento jurídico-legal, aqui, modulado, pelas importantes contribuições multidisciplinares.
Extrafiscalidade dos Impostos e Princípio do Não Confisco no Brasil
Authors: Berti Flávio de Azambuja
Published: July 2019

O artigo pretende analisar as questões decorrentes da utilização extrafiscal dos impostos no Brasil e as consequências resultantes disto diante do direito constitucional da propriedade e do princípio do não confisco, os quais deve ser interpretado de modo sistemático conjuntamente com outras normas constitucionais. O objetivo é identificar as possibilidades de utilização extrafiscal dos impostos como instrumentos de política de desenvolvimento econômico e social.
Discriminação por Idade nas Relações de Trabalho
Authors: Nascimento Grasiele Augusta F. , Teixeira Icaro Reinaldo
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo apresenta um estudo a respeito da discriminação por idade nas relações de trabalho. Para uma melhor compreensão acerca do tema, elenca-se a etimologia da palavra “discriminação”. Posteriormente são abordados em tópicos os Princípios garantidos pela Constituição Federal de 1988, a Lei 9.029/1995, a CLT (Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho), Convenções da OIT (Organização Internacional do Trabalho) bem como exemplos fáticos, objetivando demonstrar uma problemática habitual. São raríssimas as comprovações da discriminação por idade nas relações de trabalho e, por conseguinte a sua punição almejada face aos danos causados à vítima. O estudo é realizado por meio do método teórico-documental e com análise Jurisprudencial.
Ejercicio y Tutela del Derecho de Información en las Sociedades de Capital Españolas
Authors: Barceló Judith Morales
Published: July 2019

El derecho de información reconoce al socio la posibilidad de solicitar informaciones o aclaraciones sobre los asuntos comprendidos en el orden del día de una convocatoria de junta. El ejercicio del derecho, como cualquier otro derecho, no puede ser abusivo, desde un punto de vista objetivo y subjetivo, y debe ser de buena fe. El derecho de información no es absoluto, sino que está sometido a unos límites, pues en determinadas ocasiones los administradores pueden denegar la información, salvo que la petición esté apoyada por un determinado porcentaje de capital. Los motivos que permiten la denegación son los siguientes: a) la información sea innecesaria para la tutela de los derechos del socio; b) que existan razones objetivas para considerar que podrá utilizarse para fines extrasociales; c) que la publicidad de la información perjudique a la sociedad o a sociedades vinculadas. Después de la Ley 31/2014 (por la que se modifica la Ley de Sociedades de Capital para la mejora del gobierno corporativo), la vulneración del derecho de información no legitima al socio para impugnar los acuerdos sociales afectados. La tutela del derecho se logra exigiendo el cumplimiento del derecho y, en su caso, solicitando la indemnización de los daños y perjuicios que la vulneración del derecho haya podido ocasionar.
The Larvacidal Activity of Ethanol Extracts of Phyllanthus acidus Leaves on The Culex quinquefasciatus Instar III/IV Larvae
Authors: Hasanah Afifatun , Hermansyah Bagus , Abrori Cholis
Published: July 2019

Culex quinquefasciatus was one of a vector of filariasis disease caused by filarial worm infection. Mode of transmission was through mosquito bites that contain filaria worm. To overcome the problem in terms of eradicating the mosquito larvae was by searching for safe biological materials for humans and the environment, one of them was Phyllanthus acidus leaves. The purposes of this research were to know whether the ethanol extract of Phyllanthus acidus leaves have larvicidal activity on Culex quinquefasciatus instar III / IV larvae and to know the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) ethanol extract of Phyllanthus acidus leaves on Culex quinquefasciatus instar III / IV larvae within 24 hours. This study used true experimental method with post test only controlled group design with 1 positive control group (Temephos), 1 negative control group (Aquades and DMSO), and 5 treatment groups (0.0625%; 0.125%; 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% extract) respectively 20 Culex quinquefasciatus instar III/IV larvae. The result of regression test of inverse to know the effect of leaf extract of ceremai to the death of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae obtained R2=0909 which was mean the effect of ethanol extract of Phyllanthus acidus leaves to the number of the death of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae equal to 90.9%. The result of probit test obtained LC50 result of 0.189% with 95% confidence interval (0.142% -0.233%).
LINKAGES, POTENTIAL AND SPATIAL EFFICIENCY OF PADDY PRODUCTION IN EAST JAVA
Authors: Nugroho Ris Yuwono Yudo
Published: July 2019

East Java has a big role in supplying agricultural product for nasional logistic. The problems are not completely resolved, regional development planning should integrate sectoral and spatial approach. The focus of study is to analyze the linkage of rice production to other sectors, in order to develop rice production. Research using the Input-Output models, Location Quotient to measure the degree of relative specialization of a region, and DEA to measure the performance of spatial efficiency. The result used IO table in 2010, contributors backward linkage of paddy sector are paddy sector itself, fertilizer and pesticide sector, also agriculture services and hunting, while the backward linkage contributors are paddy sector itself, rice sector, and food products and beverages. Spatially there are 28 areas that are able to serve the market of paddy products. If related to production efficiency, there are nine areas are included in the category of efficient production, with input in the form of land, and the number of farmers. Policy Implication related to the findings of input output approach, are the affordability of input proces, the streamlined of input distributing system, and the goes on education and information to the farmer about input usage. Whereas, related to the spatial aspect, in soft infrastructure as strengthening internal capacity of farmer and instructor. In the other hand, hard structure aspect especially restoration of irrigation, allocating best seed and fertilizer for farmer.
THE IMPACT OF INNOVATION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) AND ITS INTERACTION TO EXPORT VALUE OF HIGH-TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS OF ASIAN-10
Authors: JDE Nadia Ilmi
Published: July 2019

High-technology product is highly depend on science and technology innovation that leads to renewal or improvement of products and services. Foreign direct investment has spillover effects in the form of transfer of foreign technology, managerial capabilities, and improved international competitiveness for domestic companies. The objectives of the study is to analyze the impact of innovation and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the export of high-technology products Asian-10 countries. This study utilize the gravity model framework and panel dataset from 10 countries in Asian and 29 trading partners country with the period from 2006 to 2013. The results show that innovation of exporter countries, FDI of exporter and importer countries, as well as the interaction between FDI and innovation of exporter countries have a positive and significant impact, and the interaction between FDI and innovation of importer countries have a negative and significant impact on exports of high-technology Asian-10. In this study also found that the innovation of importer countries do not have a significant impact on the export of high-technology products Asian-10 countries from 2006 to 2013.
Comparative Advantage Analysis and Products Mapping of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam Export Products
Authors: JDE Akhmad Jayadi
Published: July 2019

The research aims to answer some questions. First, what kind of export product groups that the six countries have comparative advantage? Second, is therea shifting on its comparative advantage? Third, what is the relationship between six countries? Data used in this study is secondary data which published by the World Integrated Solution (WITS) of World Bank, from 1997 to 2014. Analytical tools applied are products mapping using Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and Trade Balance Index (TBI). The results of this study showed as follows: first, on average, the comparative advantage of six countries increase. Second, Thailand and Vietnam’s comparative advantage and trade balance changes seems more dynamic than those of other four countries. Third, there is competition and complementary amongst six countries.
IMPACT EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION ON EXCHANGE RATE REGIME CHOICE
Authors: Mayangsari Eka Putri
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT The choice of exchange rate regime is the most relevant decision in the economic world that has to be faced by the economic authority until now. Exchange rate regime that is applied by one country become a controversial debate after the Asia’s crisis in the year 1997-1998, especially for developing countries and emerging economies in Asia. The purpose of this research is to see the impact of export diversification, intensive margin and extensive margin to the choice of the exchange rate regime in nine emerging and developing countries in Asia 1991-2014.This research uses the panel logistic regression model to analyze the two model that are used in the research; they are: model 1 (the impact of export diversification to the exchange rate regime),and model 2 (the impact of extensive margin and intensive margin to the exchange rate regime. To avoid and to lessen the chances of endogeneity problem therefore, all of the independent variables and the control variable must be lagged in one period.The results of the regression shows that export diversification have a significant positive impact on the exchange rate regime. When export diversification is decomposed into intensive margin and extensive margins, the result shows that the extensive margins also have a significant positive impact towards the exchange rate regime, while the intensive margin does not show any significant impact towards the exchange rate regime choice. Keywords: exchange rate regime, export diversification, intensive margin, extensive margin, emerging and developing countries in Asia.
THE FORECASTING OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN EAST JAVA THROUGH ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION: AN AUTOREGRESSIVE INTEGRATED MOVING AVERAGE APPROACH
Authors: Afandi Muhammad Anif , A'yun Indanazulfa Qurrota
Published: July 2019

Financial inclusion is an effort intended to eliminate price and non-price barriers toward public access to formal financial institutions. The aim of that is income equalization of the societies affecting increasing economic growth, poverty alleviation, and financial system stability. East Java is one of the provinces in Indonesia with the most number of Islamic Rural Banks (BPRS). This study wants to find out how the role of BPRS in realizing the acceleration of Islamic financial inclusion in East Java. Then, this research is conducted in the period January 2014 – May 2018 in which data sourced from the Islamic Banking Statistics (SPS), Financial Services Authority (FSA). An Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) is applied as research method to predict the level of Islamic financial inclusion in East Java through BPRS by using three from four financial inclusion indicators released by Bank Indonesia in 2014 namely access with number of BPRS as its proxy, usage with amount of third party funds and amount of financing as its proxies, and quality with total assets and Non-Performing Financing (NPF) as its proxies. The results show that based on forecasting values until December 2020, the number of BPRS predicted will decrease with the last number as many as 27 banks, DPK will increase with the last number 1,680,558.79 million Rupiah, the amount of financing will increase with the last number as many as 1,822,810.80 million Rupiah, asset will increase with the last number 2,299,250.44 million Rupiah, and NPF will increase with the last number 12.48 percent.Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Islamic Rural Banks, ARIMA, East Java
PRIMARY CARE: HOW TO INCREASE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN YOUR PATIENTS
Authors: Slobodyanyuk A. L. , Кrylova I. A. , Kupaev V. I.
Published: July 2019

Sedentary lifestyle, being a behavioral risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases, is relevant for preventive medicine. A key role in the correction of behavioral risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases is occupied by general medical practice, where the patient is continuously observed for many years. Increased physical activity reduces the risk of atherosclerosis, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, malignant tumors, has a positive effect on the psychological state of patients and reduces the overall morbidity and mortality. Increasing the reserves of the cardiorespiratory system of the body, physical activity improves the quality of life of patients and reduces the cost of medical care.

To effectively combat sedentary lifestyle, it is necessary to adequately motivate patients that can be achieved through routine counseling to enhance physical activity. The method of such consultation should take into account limited time of outpatient admission and all personal characteristics of patients (starting level of physical activity, health group and risk of disease).

The article presents a summary of modern scientific views in the field of increasing physical activity of patients, discusses current issues of counseling. The groups of patients with or without chronic diseases and the high risk of cardiovascular complications were discussed. The variant of rational outpatient counseling with the help of the algorithm of organization of physical activity mode, providing stratification of patients, planning, optimization and control of personal motor activity was presented. The proposed method of optimization of counseling successfully solves the problems of motivation, increase of physical activity and individual approach in outpatient practice.
THE LEFT VENTRICLE DIASTOLIC FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION UNDER THE USE OF DIFFERENT DRUG GROUPS
Authors: Budnevskij A. V. , Ovsjannikov E. S. , Kulikova L. E.
Published: July 2019

The objective: To assess the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction under pharmacological correction (monotherapy) with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and β-blockers. Materials and methods: 82 patients (58 women and 24 men) with stage 2 hypertension were examined. The diastolic function was assessed via echocardiography in accordance with the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging guidelines (2017). Echocardiography was performed before the onset of the treatment and 6 months after its onset. The treatment onset was considered to start after a 2-week period of elimination of previously used pharmacological substance and 2 weeks of assessing tolerability, dose and regimen adjustment. Results: For all selected drugs, target values of blood pressure were achieved, and no adverse effects were identified. The average values of the left atrial volume index before and after the treatment course did not show significant differences. In the majority of the examined patients, this parameter did not exceed the threshold value of 34 ml/m2 . Values exceeding the specified threshold were observed in Group 1 in 4 patients, in Group 2 in 3 patients and in Group 3 in 8 patients. According to the Tissue Doppler echocardiography results on the velocity of myocardial motion at the early diastolic filling, which was measured at the level of the lateral segments of mitral valve and the interventricular septum, positive, but unreliable changes were observed in the Groups of bisoprolol and valsartan, and no changes — in the Group of perindopril. According to the traditional criteria, diastolic dysfunction was observed in 80 % of patients, while according to the criteria of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (2017) — in 21 % of patients. Conclusion: The same efficacy of all three drugs is observed in terms of achieving target blood pressure values. The most pronounced effect on the morphometric parameters of the left atrium and intracardiac hemodynamics is shown in the Groups of bisoprolol and valsartan.
The First Universal Common Ancestor (FUCA) as the Earliest Ancestor of LUCA’s (Last UCA) Lineage
Authors: Prosdocimi Francisco , José Marco , Farias Sávio
Published: July 2019

The existence of a common ancestor to all living organisms in Earth is a necessary corollary of Darwin idea of common ancestry. The Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) has been normally considered as the ancestor of cellular organisms that originated the three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya. Recent studies about the nature of LUCA indicate that this first organism should present hundreds of genes and a complex metabolism. Trying to bring another of Darwin ideas into the origins of life discussion, we went back into the prebiotic chemistry trying to understand how LUCA could be originated under gradualist assumptions. Along this line of reasoning, it became clear to us that the definition of another ancestral should be of particular relevance to the understanding about the emergence of biological systems. Together with the view of biology as a language for chemical translation, on which proteins are encoded into nucleic acids polymers, we glimpse a point in the deep past on which this Translation mechanism could have taken place. Thus, we propose the emergence of this process shared by all biological systems as a point of interest and propose the existence of this pre-cellular entity named FUCA, as the First Universal Common Ancestor. FUCA was born in the very instant on which RNA-world replicators started to be capable to catalyze the bonding of amino acids into oligopeptides. FUCA has been considered mature when the translation system apparatus has been assembled together with the establishment of a primeval, possibly error-prone genetic code. This is FUCA, the earliest ancestor of LUCA’s lineage.