bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A~probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment for Indonesia
Authors: Horspool N. , Pranantyo I. , Griffin J. , Latief H. , Natawidjaja D. H. , Kongko W. , Cipta A. , Bustaman B. , Anugrah S. D. , Thio H. K.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Probabilistic hazard assessments are a fundamental tool for assessing the threats posed by hazards to communities and are important for underpinning evidence based decision making on risk mitigation activities. Indonesia has been the focus of intense tsunami risk mitigation efforts following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, but this has been largely concentrated on the Sunda Arc, with little attention to other tsunami prone areas of the country such as eastern Indonesia. We present the first nationally consistent Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) for Indonesia. This assessment produces time independent forecasts of tsunami hazard at the coast from tsunami generated by local, regional and distant earthquake sources. The methodology is based on the established monte-carlo approach to probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) and has been adapted to tsunami. We account for sources of epistemic and aleatory uncertainty in the analysis through the use of logic trees and through sampling probability density functions. For short return periods (100 years) the highest tsunami hazard is the west coast of Sumatra, south coast of Java and the north coast of Papua. For longer return periods (500–2500 years), the tsunami hazard is highest along the Sunda Arc, reflecting larger maximum magnitudes along the Sunda Arc. The annual probability of experiencing a tsunami with a height at the coast of > 0.5 m is greater than 10% for Sumatra, Java, the Sunda Islands (Bali, Lombok, Flores, Sumba) and north Papua. The annual probability of experiencing a tsunami with a height of >3.0 m, which would cause significant inundation and fatalities, is 1–10% in Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok and north Papua, and 0.1–1% for north Sulawesi, Seram and Flores. The results of this national scale hazard assessment provide evidence for disaster managers to prioritise regions for risk mitigation activities and/or more detailed hazard or risk assessment.
Interannual correlations between sea surface temperature and concentration of chlorophyll pigment off Punta Eugenia, Baja California, during different remote forcing conditions
Authors: Herrera-Cervantes H. , Lluch-Cota S. E. , Lluch-Cota D. B. , Gutiérrez-de-Velasco G.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Interannual correlation between satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) and surface chlorophyll a (Chl a) are examined in the coastal upwelling zone off Punta Eugenia on the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula, an area than has been identified as having intense biological productivity and oceanographic transition between midlatitude and tropical ocean conditions. We used empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis separately and jointly on the two fields from 1997 through 2007, a time period dominated by different remote forcing: ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) conditions (weak, moderate and strong) and the largest intrusion of subarctic water reported in the last 50 years. Coastal upwelling index anomalies (CUI) and the multivariate ENSO index (MEI) were used to identify the influence of local (wind stress) and remote (ENSO) forcing over the interannual variability of both variables. The spatial pattern of the individual EOF1 analysis showed the greater variability of SST and Chl a offshore, their corresponding amplitude time series presented the highest peaks during the strong 1997–2000 El Niño–La Niña cycles and during the 2002–2004 period associated to the intrusion of subarctic water. The MEI is well correlated with the individual SST principal component (R ≈ 0.67, P < 0.05) and poorly with the individual Chl a principal component (R = −0.13). The joint EOF1 and the SST–Chl a correlation patterns show the area where both variables covary tightly; a band near the coast where the largest correlations occurred (| R | > 0.4) mainly regulated by ENSO cycles. This was spatially revealed when we calculated the homogeneous correlations for the 1997–1999 El Niño–La Niña period and during the 2002–2004 period, the intrusion of subarctic water period. Both, SST and Chl a showed higher coupling and two distinct physical–biological responses: on average ENSO influence was observed clearly along the coast mostly in SST, while the subarctic water influence, observed offshore and in Bahía Vizcaíno, mostly in Chl a. We found coastal chlorophyll blooms off Punta Eugenia during the 2002–2003 period, an enrichment pattern similar to that observed off the coast of Oregon. These chlorophyll blooms are likely linked to high wind stress anomalies during 2002, mainly at high latitudes. This observation may provide an explanation of why Punta Eugenia is one of the most important biological action centers on the Pacific coast.
Prostate Brachytherapy: Oncological and Functional Results after 400 Cases
Authors: Gastaldi Emilio , Chiono Luciano , Gallo Fabrizio , Giberti Claudio
Published: May 2014

Introduction

Brachytherapy (BT) with real-time technique for the treatment of low and medium risk prostate cancer (CaP) has been a well known practice for over 25 years in the USA and for over 15 years in Italy However, it is an uncommon procedure, because of problems related to the organization and cooperation among urologists, radiotherapists and physics, to the competition of alternative therapies, to dogmatic and educational beliefs, and to the poor knowledge of this technique.

Methods

Between May 1999 and July 2013, 400 patients with low and medium risk CaP underwent I 125 BT using a “real-time” approach. The seeds implantation was performed using a Mick applicator in the first 190 patients and the “QuickLink” technique in the last 210 cases. Oncologic results were reported for the first 250 cases with a mean follow-up of 10 years, while functional outcomes and complications were assessed in 350 patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year.

Results

A good quality implantation was assessed in 90% of the patients (D90>145 Gy). A biochemical failure was assessed, based on Phoenix criteria, in 12 patients (4.8%). Out of these patients, 10 underwent prostate biopsy (the other 2 patients showed a systemic disease). The biopsy showed a CaP in 6/10 patients who underwent retropubic radical prostatectomy (4 patients) and external radiotherapy (2 patients) respectively. The remaining 4/10 patients with negative biopsy were treated with total androgen blockade (3 patients) and watchful waiting (1 patient) respectively. Functional results showed an incidence of postoperative irritative disorders in 70% of the patients during the first six months and a good recovery of erectile function in 78.8% and 68.2% of the patients after one and five years from BT respectively.

Conclusions

Brachytherapy is a good alternative to radical prostatectomy in the low and medium risk prostatic cancers with excellent oncologic and functional results.
Incidence and Distribution of Lymphoid Neoplasm of the Urinary Tract and Male Genital Organs in an Urban Area of Northern Italy in the Last Decade
Authors: Vedovo Francesca , Pavan Nicola , Liguori Giovanni , Bussani Rossana , Siracusano Salvatore , Trombetta Carlo
Published: May 2014

Introduction

Lymphoid neoplasms of the urinary tract and male genital organs are relatively rare, comprising less than 5% of all primary extranodal lymphomas; only a handful of small case series and isolated case reports have been published to describe their predominant sites and subtypes.

Material and Methods

We searched our institution's electronic archive of pathology reports from 2001 to 2012. We considered lymphoid neoplasms involving the kidney, bladder, testes and prostate. Patient age at diagnosis, sex, clinical history, and outcome were recorded using the relevant electronic medical records.

Results

We identified 25 patients with lymphoid neoplasms of the urogenital tract. 11 cases out of 40 were primary genitourinary lymphomas. Mean age at diagnosis was 61.7 years (range 13–87 years). Among bladder lymphomas cases, a male predominance was noted. As regards the types of lymphoid neoplasms, the following subtypes were observed: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (32%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (24%), small lymphocytic lymphoma (20%), Malt lymphoma (8%), Burkitt lymphoma (4%), follicular lymphoma (4%); diffuse large B-cell ALK+ (4%) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (4%).

Conclusions

Genitourinary tract lymphomas most commonly occurred in the kidney. B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were predominant, with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma being the most common subtype in the entire group. Although this study confirms the predominance of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in extranodal sites, the findings also highlight the variety of lymphomas that may occur in the genitourinary tract. This diversity of subtypes affirms the importance of fully characterizing lymphomas by immunohistochemistry and other modalities, which are indispensable for accurate diagnosis.
Ruolo Clinico Predittivo e Decisionale Dello Stato Dei Margini Chirurgici Dopo Cistectomia Radicale per Neoplasia Vescicale
Authors: Colombo Renzo , Moschini Marco
Published: May 2014

The value of surgical margins for clinical predictions and decisions following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer

Radical cystectomy completed with an extended pelvic lymph node dissection represents the most adequate curative treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. After surgery, the tumor should be considered as completely removed only if the pathologist finds negative surgical margins. However, although the presence of positive surgical margins (PSM) intuitively appears as a factor conditioning a poor prognosis, the studies published at data could not definitively confirm this relationship. This fact may be mainly attributed to the lack of statistical independence between the presence of PSM and other pathologic factors such as tumor stage and lymph node status, that are themselves well known predictors of poor prognosis. The incidence of PSM has been estimated to be 3-9%. Although the persistence of tumor at both urethral and ureteral margins has been correlated with an increased risk of local recurrence, only perivesical soft tissue PSM have been associated with a significantly reduced risk of cancer-specific survival. Female gender, locally advanced cancer, presence of vascular invasion and rare/mixed histology have been recognized as consistent risk factors for soft tissue PSM. Although, to date, the predictive role of both number and location of PSM remains totally to be investigated, there is general agreement that patients found with soft tissue PSM at the time of radical cystectomy should be proposed for adjuvant strategies, including radiation and chemotherapy. In this direction, many recent studies suggest to include the status of surgical margins in the pathologic report of any radical cystectomy.
Primary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis: A Case Report
Authors: Palumbo Carlotta , Talso Michele , Dell'Orto Paolo Guido , Cozzi Gabriele , De Lorenzis Elisa , Conti Andrea , Maggioni Marco , Cesare Rocco Bernardo Maria , Maggioni Augusto , Rocco Francesco
Published: May 2014

We report a case of primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the renal pelvis, diagnosed in a 79-year-old man. The abdominal computed tomography showed a solid, vegetant lesion in the left renal pelvis, conditioning marked hydronephrosis. The patient underwent radical nephroureterectomy. The histological examination showed a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with a high-grade urothelial carcinoma, with local invasion (pT3). Large cell renal neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare tumors with an aggressive course and a bad prognosis. At present, only five cases were reported in literature.
Confronto Nel follow-up di Due Pazienti con Persistente Elevazione del PSA e Biopsia Prostatica Negativa
Authors: Sciarra Alessandro , Panebianco Valeria
Published: May 2014

Comparison in the follow-up of two patients with persistent elevated PSA and negative prostate biopsy

Purpose

To compare two clinical cases on the follow-up of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia at risck of progression, negative prostate biopsy and persistent elevated PSA levels.

Materials

After a first negative prostate biopsy for elevated PSA levels, Case A received dutasteride therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia, whereas Case B continued his therapy without dutasteride. In both cases, other diagnostic procedures or other biopsies were decided on the basis of PSA level modifications.

Results

Case A showed a stabilization of PSA levels with a new nadir; the patient did not undergo new biopsies or other diagnostic procedures till the presence (24 months of follow-up) of a PSA elevation despite dutasteride therapy. A new biopsy, then, showed a prostate adenocarcinoma. Case B showed persistent and progressive PSA elevation; the patient underwent other diagnostic procedures and 2 new negative biopsies. Only after 26 months of follow-up a further biopsy showed a prostate adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors can reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies.
Magnetization of Nd1-xSrxCoO3 (0.1<=x<=0.5)
Authors: Yang YiYun
Published: May 2014

In this paper, the rare earth cobaltite Nd1-xSrxCoO3 (0.1<=x<=0.5) samples were prepared using conventional solid
state reaction method. Dc magnetization, ac susceptibility, magnetic relaxation of polycrystalline Nd1-xSrxCoO3
is investigated in detail. The presence of the typical features of spin/cluster glass state in x<+0.2 samples was well
revealed by ac susceptibility. Therefore, our study confirms that the phase separation in Nd1-xSrxCoO3 originates
from both the ferromagnetic clusters interaction and the spin glasslike phase at low temperature.
Jiufeng Protected Area Biodiversity Threats Assessment
Authors: Sambou Antoine , Cheng Shenggao , Huang Lei , Gangnibo Charles Nounagnon
Published: May 2014

Located in the East of Wuhan City, Jiufeng Protected area is endowed with a rich biodiversity in diversitylandscape (Metasequoia forests, forest ponds, pine forest, Wetland pine, fir, cedar forest, Liquidambar forests,oak forests massoniana and lobular, Lin and mushroom). The objectives of this study were to assess andunderstand the biodiversity threats, evaluate activities, help prioritize and anticipate what threats might becomemore severe in the future. Threat assessment was based on a review of peer articles and secondary data sourcessuch as key informant interviews. Interviews with local and provincial authorities and visits in the field were heldto gather information on Jiufeng protected area resources and biodiversity threats. This research was carried out onJune 2009. The Interviews, the literature review and field report showed that the biodiversity is threatened by avariety of human activities and natural factors such as climate change and invasive alien species. These threatscan cause the biodiversity loss. In Jiufeng Protected Area, human activities such as land use and land coverchange, industrialization and pollution, tourism and recreation constitute threats for biodiversity.
A Comparison of the Antioxidant Properties and Total Phenolic Content in a Diatom, Chaetoceros sp. and a Green Microalga, Nannochloropsis sp.
Authors: Goh Su-Hua , Yusoff Fatimah Md , Loh Su Peng
Published: May 2014

The aquaculture industry commonly makes use of microalgae as live feed. Chaetoceros sp., a diatom, andNannochloropsis sp., a unicellular green microalga, have both been reported to contain a substantial amount ofpolyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids. Their potential as natural sources of antioxidants has gained recentattention. This study focuses on determining the antioxidant properties of the different solvent extracts, namelyhexane, dichloromethane, chloroform and methanol, from both microalgae. The evaluation of antioxidantcapacities was done by Folin-ciocalteu, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging, metal chelating,nitro-blue tetrazolium reduction and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay. Results showed that the non-polarsolvent extracts from the diatom were highest in antioxidant power, whereas both polar and non-polar solventextracts of green microalgae showed good antioxidant potential. In general, Chaetoceros sp. had higherantioxidant capacities than Nannochloropsis sp. This study suggests that different solvent extracts containdifferent potential antioxidant compounds able to scavenge different types of free radicals.
Influence of Cellulolytic Bacterial Augmentation on Organic Carbon and Available Phosphorus in Sandy Loam Soil under Cultivation
Authors: Singh Machiavelli , Khanna Suneel , Nagaraja Tejo Prakash
Published: May 2014

Microorganisms are major key players for sustaining the soil quality degraded by intensive use of synthetic chemicals for increasing crop production and therefore, use of them as inoculants or biofertilizers is an integral part of sustainable agriculture. An effort was, therefore, made to examine the effect of cellulose degrading bacterial isolates on legume (Chickpea) based cropping systems. No chemical/organic fertilizer was added during this study. The bacterial isolates viz., Serratia sp. (MSK1), Pseudomonas sp. (MSK 13) and Serratia sp (MSK24) exhibiting cellulase activity of 3.83, 4.21 and 4.52 mM glucose ml-1 h-1 respectively were introduced as inoculants. The ERIC-PCR results showed the good survivability of 40.2, 34.4 and 56.8 % of the introduced strains in soil after the crop harvest. A significant enhancement in organic carbon and available phosphorus was observed in the inoculated plots over the control plot indicating beneficial effect of the bioaugmentation of these inoculants.
Effect of Kemzyme - Bentonite Co-supplementation on Cecal Fermentation and Metabolic Pattern in Rabbit
Authors: Abdl-Rahman M. A. , Sawiress F. A. R. , Y. Saleh Sohair
Published: May 2014

With the objective of improving the impact of multi-enzymes feed additives on cecal fermentation pattern and rabbit metabolism, sodium bentonite was co-supplemented with “Kemzyme”, a multi-enzyme blend of Kemin Agrifoods Europe. Co-supplementation decreased cecal pH value, increased total VFAs concentration, increased propionates at the expence of acetates and butyrates, increased  fermentation efficieny and VFAs utilization. Additionally, co-supplementation increased serum glucose concentration and decreased serum triglycerides and cholesterol concentration. Cecal ammonia nitrogen and serum urea concentration were also decreased by co-supplementation while no change was recorded in serum total proteins concentration. The study therefore, suggested that, coupling bentonite to multi-enzyme feed additives could improve the impact of such enzymes on cecal fermentation pattern and rabbit metablism.
Trends in Agriculturally-Relevant Rainfall Characteristics for Small-scale Agriculture in Northern Ghana
Authors: Yengoh Genesis , Armah Frederick , Onumah Edward , Odoi Justice
Published: May 2014

This study set out to investigate the trends of agriculturally-relevant rainfall characteristics among small-scale farmers in the rainfall-sensitive dry savanna agro ecological zone of northern Ghana.  Interviews are used to identify characteristics of rainfall which are deemed by the farmers as important in their food production. Time series daily rainfall data from 1960-2007 is then used to identify trends in these variables which include the amount and temporal distribution of rainfall, occurrence of extreme daily rainfall events, the onset of rains, risk of dry spells and coefficient of variability of rains. The risk of dry spells for varying number of days following the planting period is computed using first-order Markov chain modeling. We find that there is a significant increase in mean rainfall per rain day and the coefficient of variation or summer rainfall amounts. No significant change in the onset of rains, the annual rainfall amount and maximum rainfall days are established. However, a significant decrease in the number of rain days and the probability of dry spells of up to seven and eleven days in the first four weeks of the planting season is revealed. There is need for development of an agricultural policy framework designed to understand the growing risks associated with agricultural production among small-scale farmers, and to improve management practices to accommodate and adapt to the new challenges of varying rainfall.
Study of Genetic and Phenotypic Variability among Somaclones Induced by BAP and TDZ in Micropropagated Shoot Tips of Banana (Musa spp.) Using RAPD Markers
Authors: Shirani Bidabadi Siamak , Meon Sariah , Wahab Zakaria , Mahmood Maziah
Published: May 2014

The effects of different concentrations of BAP and TDZ on somaclonal variation based on genetic and phenotypic variability among micropropagated shoot tips of banana cultivars; ‘Berangan Intan’, ‘Berangan’ and ‘Rastali’ were studied. With the highest concentrations of both BAP and TDZ up to 44.4µM and 7.5 µM, respectively, most shoots were curled and other morphological changes such as hyperhydricity and undifferentiated shoots were observed. Detectable genetic changes to reveal stable variations among 27 micropropagated variants produced by BAP and TDZ were confirmed using RAPD markers. The percentage of polymorphism among somaclones of cultivars; Berangan Intan, Berangan and Rastali regenerated by TDZ was 24.4, 27.3 and 29.5, respectively which was higher than BAP with the percentages of 16.7, 24.2 and 24.7, respectively. The number of scorable bands among the RAPD profiles obtained with 19 primers tested in this study varied from 6 for opa11 and opk03 to 18 by opc01 in somaclones derived from BAP and 4 for opk03 to 14 with opa04, opb18 and opc04 in the case of TDZ. Cluster analysis of the somaclones regenerated with each BAP and TDZ resulted in the formation of two major groups, one belonging to Berangan Intan and Berangan (AAA) and the other to Rastali (AAB). From each dendrogram caused by BAP and TDZ, it could be concluded that regenerated somaclones by higher concentrations of both BAP and TDZ accumulated much genetic variation compared to control and lower concentrations of each BAP and TDZ.
Post Harvest Physical and Nutritional Properties of Two Apple Varieties
Authors: Gorji Chakespari Abbas , Rajabipour Ali , Mobli Hossein
Published: May 2014

In this research, physical and nutritional properties of two Iranian apple varieties (Golab Kohanz, Shafi Abadi) were determined and compared. The physical properties were average fruit length, width and thickness, geometric, arithmetic and equivalent mean diameters, projected area, surface area, sphericity index, aspect ratio, fruit mass, volume, bulk and fruit densities and coefficient of static friction and the nutritional properties were PH, titratable acidity and total soluble solids. Average moisture content of the Golab Kohanz (GK) and Shafi Abadi (SA) varieties were 86% and 84% (w.b.), respectively. Based on statistical analysis, the properties were statistically different at 1% and 5% levels of significance for both varieties. However, the differences between the two studied varieties in the case of the aspect ratio, coefficient of static friction on various surfaces and PH were not significant (P>0.05).
Grain Quality Evaluation and Organoleptic Analysis of Aromatic Rice Varieties of Goa, India
Authors: Bhonsle Shilpa , Sellappan Krishnan
Published: May 2014

Rice grain quality characteristics such as physical (hulling, length and breadth (L/B), grain classification,chalkiness, chalk index), chemical (alkali spreading value (ASV), amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC),aroma), cooking (volume expansion, elongation ratio (ER), water uptake) and organoleptic-tests based onconsumer preferences like appearance, cohesiveness, tenderness on touching, chewing, taste, aroma, elongationand overall acceptability were studied for fourteen aromatic rice varieties. The higher hulling percentage wasrecorded in ‘Ek-Kadi’ (82.46%) and ‘Ghansal’ (80.96%). The Length/Breadth (L/B) ratio among the varietiesranged from 2.08-4.85. No chalkiness was recorded in ‘Ghansal’, ‘Kotimirsal’ and ‘Pusa sugandh-2’. Among thevarieties examined AC was ranged from 17.26-27.69%. The highest GC was recorded in ‘Ghansal’ and lowest in‘Pusa Basmati-1’. Kernel length after cooking (KLAC) ranged from 2.31-5.88 mm. Water uptake ratio wasranged from 250-350. Organoleptic-test revealed that the varieties ‘Basmati local’, ‘Jiresal’, ‘Kotimirsal’, ‘PusaBasmati-1’, ‘Pusa Sugandh-2’, ‘Pusa Sugandh-3’, ‘Pusa Sugandh-5', ‘Kasturi’ and ‘Vasumati’ were withexcellent grain quality characteristics, preference and overall acceptability.
Generalization of some inequalities via Riemann-Liouville fractional calculus
Authors: Marcela Mihai V. , Dan-Alexandru Ion
Published: May 2014

Some Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities are provided. We deal with functions whose derivatives in absolute value are convex or concave. By defining two cumulative gaps which enable us to generalize known rezults in the framework of Riemann-Liouville fractional calculus, we open a new perspective on the classic statement of the inequality.
Blaps femoralis хар хорхойн бэлдмэлийн фармакологийн зарим Үйлдэл
Authors: Алдармаа Ж. Алдармаа , Дагвацэрэн Б. , Энхтєр Э. , Хишигжаргал Л. , Наранцэцэг До.
Published: May 2014

Blaps femoralis хар хорхойн бэлдмэлийн  фармакологийн зарим үйлдэл5-гидрокситриптофан (5-htp) аминий хүчлээр єдєєгдєх хулганы  толгой сэгсрэх үзэгдэл цєхрєлийн эсрэг үйлдэлтэй эмийн бэлдмэлүүдийн  “серотонинергик” загвар юм. Blaps femoralis бэлдмэл 100 мг/кг тундаа 5-htp– ээр єдєєсєн толгой сэгсрэлтийн тоог 26.31%-иар сулавтар ихэсгэсэн. Харин  Blaps femoralis бэлдмэлийг 200 мг/кг тунгаар 14 хоног уусны дараа 5-htp– ээр єдєєсєн толгой сэгсрэлтийн тоог 2.1 дахин нэмэгдүүлсэн нь бэлдмэл  серотонинмиметик нєлєєтэй болохыг харуулж байна. Хар хорхойн бэлдмэл  50 ба 100 мг/кг тундаа HCl/Этилийн спиртийн холимог хүчиллэг уусмалаар  єдєєсєн ходоодны гэмтэлд тодорхой нєлєє үзүүлээгүй. Хулганы “сүүлнээс  дүүжлэх” загвараар Хар хорхойн бэлдмэл 100 мг/кг тундаа сулавтар  цєрхєлийн эсрэг үйлдэл үзүүлж байв. Бэлдмэл “Зєрчилт нєхцєл”-ийн  аргаар 100 мг/кг тундаа айдас намдааж түгшүүр тайлах нєлєєг хєдєлгєєний  идэвхийг сулруулалгүй үзүүлсэн. Хар хорхойн бэлдмэлийг эмчилгээний 200  мг/кг тунгаар удаан хугацаанд хэрэглэхэд амьтны эрхтэний үйл ажиллаанд  мэдэгдэхүйц сєрєг нєлєє үзүүлээгүй бол 400 мг/кг тунг удаан хугацаагаар  хэрэглэхэд амьтны элэгэнд морфологийн єєрчлєлт илэрсэн. Some pharmacological actions of Blaps femoralis extractBlaps femoralis at a dose of 100 mg/kg had a weak a serotoninomimetic ac­tion increasing the number of head twiching in mice induced by 5-htp whereas after chronic administration of Blaps F. at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited a serotonin positive action respectively. This study investigated the effect of extract of Blaps femoralis in the mouse tail suspension test (TST).The immobility time in the TST was reduced by Blaps F given either by orally (100 mg/kg) route with­out affecting the body temperature and the locomotor activity in open-field test. Anxiolytic effect of Blaps F was observed by two different animal model of anxiety such as the Vogel’s drinking conflict test and the elevated plus-maze. Treatment with extract of blaps F (200 mg/kg) weakly increased the number of punishment licks in the Vogel’s drinking conflict test and the percentage of time spent on the open arms of the maze, without affecting the total number of arm entries that in­dicated slight an anxiolytic action of Blaps F. Extract of Blaps F. (50 and 100 mg/kg) pre-treatment 1 hour before ulcer induction did not affect on the ulcer induced by A HCl/ethanol mixture.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v0i1.54 Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences 2010 No.1 pp.3-17
Basic Parameters and Characteristics of Seismicity in Mongolia
Authors: Klyuchevskii AV , Bayart G , Demjanovich VM , Dungarmaa T
Published: May 2014

Much of the territory of Mongolia is located in highly seismic areas of Central- Asian seismic belt and is subjected to frequent and large earthquakes. Its western half is particularly seismically dangerous. Only in twentieth century more than 60 earthquakes with M>5.5 (7 to 11-12 - intensity) occurred here, among which tens of earthquakes were responsible for severe destruction of the earth surface, and seismic disasters of 1905, 1931 and 1957 were accompanied by seismotectonic deformations to several hundred kilometers in length. Judging from the retained traces of ancient earthquakes and the chronicles, similar and probably larger seismic events occurred here in the recent past.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v0i4.39Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences 2007 No 4 pp.36-49
An Uigur Decree of Tax Exemption in the Name of Duwa-Khan
Authors: Matsui Dai
Published: May 2014

DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v0i4.41Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences 2007 No 4 pp.60-68
Complex Geophysical Solution for Seismohydrogeological Problems of Balneology in Mongolia
Authors: Serebrennikov SP , Dzhurik VI , Batsaikhan Ts , Drennov AF
Published: May 2014

The present paper is concerned with geophysical trends of particular importance to organizing, planning and building resorts in Mongolia. The possibilities for integrated geophysical and engineering-seismological investigations have been demonstrated with the resort construction site near Ulaanbaatar town. The investigations have resulted in obtaining thickness of loose deposits, depth of groundwater occurrence, and estimates of relative seismic hazard and soil conditions. Two aquifers have been presumably identified and parameters of seismic effects have been estimated for expectable earthquakes as applied to two potential levels of initial seismic activity in Ulaanbaatar town. This provides an example of the possibility of finding complex solution to seismohydrogeological problems of balneology in seismically active areas throughout Mongolia.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v0i4.44Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences 2009 No 4 pp.32-41
Temperature Dependence of Shear Elasticity of Some Liquids
Authors: Budaevl Ochir R , Damdinovl Bair B , Adiyasuren P , Tsend-Ayush A
Published: May 2014

The temperature dependencies of real and imaginary parts of complex shear modulus of liquids have been obtained. It has shown that both real shear modulus G’ and ft imaginary shear modulus G” decrease with increasing temperature. The experiments have been carried out by resonance method at a shear oscillation frequency of 74 kHz. Liquids of viscosity 0.02 - 0.03 Pa-s have been investigated.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v0i4.47 Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences 2009 No 4 pp.59-63
Effect of Modification of Mongolian Natural Zeolites on Adsorption of Chromium from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Bolortamir Ts , Habaki H , Egashira R
Published: May 2014

Removal of chromium (Cr (III) ) as well as hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI) ) from tannery wastewater at same time by adsorption using Mongolian natural zeolite was studied in terms of the characteristics, modification, and chromium adsorption performance of the zeolite. The cation exchange capacity of the zeolite ranged from 37×10−3 to 144×10−3 eq·g−1. From the results of phase identification and elemental analysis of the zeolite after modification run, the zeolite was not decomposed and was modified successfully. The zeolites modified by Ba2+, Cu2+, and HDTMA-Br could adsorb Cr (III) as well as the unmodified one could. The higher pH gave the higher adsorption ability, similarly to the adsorption of Cr (VI). Consequently, this adsorption method with Mongolian natural zeolite was proposed to remove Cr (III) together with Cr (VI) from tannery wastewater at same time.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v0i4.49Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences 2009 No 4 pp.71-77
Report of the Scientific Field Survey on Lake Hovsgol and its Tributaries
Authors: Sigiyama M , Dulmaa A , Drucker VV
Published: May 2014

The present report gives an intermediate account of a collaborative research work at the Lake Hovsgol. The fi eld survey took place from 9 August – 16 August, 2009 and covered sampling stations as follows, 15 stations at the Lake Hovsgol, 1 station on the Khar Us River, 1 station on the Egiin Gol River.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v0i4.53Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences 2009 No.4 pp.101-102
Comparison of Some Methods of Testing Statistical Hypotheses: (Part I. Parallel Methods)
Authors: Kachiashvili K.J.
Published: May 2014

The article focuses on the discussion of basic approaches to hypotheses testing, which are Fisher, Jeffreys, Neyman, Berger approaches and a new one proposed by the author of this paper and called the constrained Bayesian method (CBM). Wald and Berger sequential tests and the test based on CBM are presented also. The positive and negative aspects of these approaches are considered on the basis of computed examples. Namely, it is shown that CBM has all positive characteristics of the above-listed methods. It is a data-dependent measure like Fisher’s test for making a decision, uses a posteriori probabilities like the Jeffreys test and computes error probabilities Type I and Type II like the Neyman-Pearson’s approach does. Combination of these properties assigns new properties to the decision regions of the offered method. In CBM the observation space contains regions for making the decision and regions for no-making the decision. The regions for no-making the decision are separated into the regions of impossibility of making a decision and the regions of impossibility of making a unique decision. These properties bring the statistical hypotheses testing rule in CBM much closer to the everyday decision-making rule when, at shortage of necessary information, the acceptance of one of made suppositions is not compulsory. Computed practical examples clearly demonstrate high quality and reliability of CBM. In critical situations, when other tests give opposite decisions, it gives the most logical decision. Moreover, for any information on the basis of which the decision is made, the set of error probabilities is defined for which the decision with given reliability is possible.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium as Foundational
Authors: Stark Alan E. , Seneta Eugene
Published: May 2014

The Hardy-Weinberg Principle explains how random mating can produce and maintain a population in equilibrium, that is: with constant genotypic proportions. The Hardy-Weinberg formula is in constant use as a basis for developing population genetics theory. Here we give a complete description of a model which can sustain equilibrium but with a general mating system, thereby giving a much broader basis on which to develop population genetics. It was S. N. Bernstein who first showed how Mendel’s first law could be justified simply on the basis of observations of populations in equilibrium. We show how the model can be applied to exploring the change in incidence of a genetic disorder.
Adjusting Complex Heterogeneity in Treatment Assignment in Observational Studies
Authors: Yu Jichang , Zhou Haibo , Liu Xianchen , Zou Fei , Willke Richard J.
Published: May 2014

Treatment assignment in observational studies is complex and can be inﬂuenced by many factors that include patient characteristics, physician practices, and health care systems. These inﬂuences can present heterogeneity or clustering effects in the treatment assignment. If those heterogeneity or clustering effects are not appropriately adjusted, the estimated treatment effect may be severely biased. Through a series of models that mimic various level of heterogeneity in treatment assignment in observational studies, we evaluate, through simulation study, the performance of several estimators under the impact of different types of heterogeneity. These estimators include propensity score stratiﬁcation, propensity score inverse probability weighting, propensity score regression and the partial least squares method. Our results suggest that the partial least squares method is most robust while the dummy variable adjustment method in propensity regression also performs fairly consistently. We use the proposed method to analyze a data set from the German Breast Cancer Study Group study.
MidiaMigra: relato de uma experiência de observação da mídia
Authors: Zanforlin Sofia Cavalcanti , Maranhão Ana Carolina Kalume , Fidalgo Maycon Domingues , Palhares Mariana de Ávila
Published: May 2014

Este artigo apresenta os resultados obtidos pela pesquisa Mídia, Migração, Interculturalidade, especificamente pela fase que se deteve na observação da mídia acerca da imigração contemporânea para o Brasil. Quais os sentidos são elaborados acerca do tema da imigração recente para o país, qual a tendência dos discursos midiáticos acerca da presença de novos imigrantes no Brasil, foram perguntas norteadoras da pesquisa. Procuramos identificar se os discursos criam imagens positivas ou negativas das populações migrantes ou se, ainda, há um ou mais conflitos das imagens criadas – conflitos esses que podem ser reflexo de um desconhecimento da mídia a respeito dos temas tratados, que reverberam na invisibilidade, ou na falta de profundidade, do assunto na mídia.
Questões teóricas e metodológicas das pesquisas com crianças: algumas reflexões
Authors: Cordeiro Ana Paula , De Araujo Penitente Luciana Aparecida
Published: May 2014

Pensar a pesquisa com crianças, dando vez e voz a elas é uma discussão que se faz ainda recente. Com o intuito de estabelecer algumas reflexões em torno das questões teóricas e metodológicas das pesquisas com crianças esperamos, com esse artigo dar visibilidade a pressupostos teóricos de autores que se preocupam em colocar a criança e a infância no centro do processo de pesquisa. Contribuindo com essa discussão, esse texto será dividido em três momentos: inicialmente trazemos algumas contribuições da Sociologia da Infância e das diversas áreas do conhecimento para pensar a pesquisa com crianças. Num segundo momento, nos propomos a discutir alguns métodos e procedimentos que podem favorecer o desenvolvimento das pesquisas com crianças. Ao traçar a evolução histórica relacionada às pesquisas com crianças e resgatar a concepção de infância e de criança enquanto ser ativo e produtor de cultura, nos dirigimos para o terceiro momento do trabalho, apresentando alguns resultados e conclusões desse estudo, que podem orientar o nosso olhar na busca de instrumentos de pesquisas capazes de captar o que as crianças pensam, sentem e constroem no mundo em que vivem e convivem.
Sobre a pesquisa em Modelagem na Educação Matemática brasileira
Authors: Klüber Tiago Emanuel , Burak Dionísio
Published: May 2014

Uma das principais demandas da pesquisa em Modelagem Matemática na Educação Matemática é o investimento em metaestudos de sua própria produção. Nesse contexto nossa investigação se sustentou e pôde ser empreendida sob a questão: como se mostra a pesquisa em Modelagem Matemática no Brasil, a partir dos trabalhos publicados no GT-10 do IV Seminário Internacional de Pesquisa em Educação Matemática? A abordagem de pesquisa, predominantemente qualitativa, inspirada na análise de conteúdo orientou os procedimentos de análise e interpretação. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma pluralidade de temas, métodos e autores que sustentam a comunidade de pesquisa. Essas pluralidades são discutidas e aprofundadas no contexto mesmo em que se mostraram e em alguns dos seus possíveis desdobramentos.
Aspectos do arquétipo do herói expressos no universo onírico infantil: Uma experiência em pesquisa com crianças
Authors: Fillus Michel Alexandre , Weigert Janowski Jussara Maria
Published: May 2014

Este artigo aborda a importância dos sonhos na infância e seu paralelo com o desenvolvimento infantil sob a perspectiva teórica da psicologia analítica. Os dados apresentados referem-se a um recorte de uma pesquisa de campo denominada “A expressão do arquétipo do herói nas imagens oníricas de crianças”, visando compreender as manifestações oníricas na infância por meio do conteúdo dos sonhos, expressos em relatos e em desenhos. O arquétipo do herói simboliza a força do ego que luta diante dos desafios da primeira etapa da vida do sujeito para libertar-se do mundo materno, e o direciona para a adaptação ao mundo externo. A pesquisa aponta que o universo onírico infantil é fértil na apresentação de seus enredos e importante na organização do sujeito frente aos imperativos do desenvolvimento e das exigências do mundo externo.
Estresse percebido, comportamentos relacionados à saúde e condições de trabalho de professores universitários
Authors: Camargo Edina Maria de , Ponestki Oliveira Marcelo , Rodriguez-Añez Ciro Romelio , Akira Ferreira Hino Adriano , Siqueira Reis Rodrigo
Published: May 2014

Historicamente, a profissão de professor tem sido relacionada com certo desgaste mental.Investigações demonstram que o estresse é um fator que influencia diretamente o rendimentodo professor, assim como a sua qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a relaçãoentre a percepção de estresse com comportamentos relacionados à saúde e condições detrabalho dos professores universitários. Foi realizado, em 2005, um estudo epidemiológico decorte transversal, com uma amostra representativa de docentes de uma universidade privadade Curitiba (PR). A amostra foi composta de 393 indivíduos (50,1% mulheres), com idademédia de 44 ± 10,3 anos. O questionário utilizado foi elaborado a partir de instrumentos validadose empregados em estudos com adultos, sendo: percepção de saúde e qualidade de vida,tabagismo, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, hábitos alimentares, comportamentos preventivos,atividades físicas, percepção de estresse, condições de trabalho e informações pessoais. Paraa análise de dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e um modelo de regressão linear, a fimde verificar a correlação com o estresse precebido. Os resultados apontaram uma percepçãoelevada de estresse e correlacionada com os comportamentos de risco. Este estudo pode serrelevante na prevenção desse transtorno psicossocial. A tarefa é conjunta entre professores,alunos, instituição de ensino, família e sociedade em geral, cabendo novas pesquisas que apontemtais necessidades.
Prayer and health: a Portuguese literature review
Authors: Esperandio Mary Rute Gomes
Published: May 2014

Prayer has been a subject of systematic research in the United States in the context of health. In Brazil, there have been frequent allusions to prayer in a variety of research in the health sciences, but it has appeared as only one of the findings. Based on theses, dissertations and articles, this text discusses Brazilian studies on prayer that have been produced in the Portuguese language in the social sciences, theology, psychology, and sciences of health. It starts with an overview of the studies on prayer followed by an analysis of them. The text concludes by pointing out some important issues that should be considered in future research on prayer and health, as well as some suggestions for developing research on prayer. [#]
Religiosidade e saúde: experiências dos pacientes e percepções dos profissionais
Authors: De Freitas Marta Helena
Published: May 2014

A partir de nossa trajetória com pesquisas e orientação de pesquisas sobre o tema, como também de um levantamento de publicações brasileiras concernentes às relações entre religiosidade e saúde nos últimos dez anos, neste trabalho realizamos uma comparação entre o que se tem constatado nas investigações com os próprios pacientes e o que se tem encontrado nos estudos e observações com os estudantes e profissionais de saúde. Voltando-se a atenção mais especificamente para os campos da psicologia, da medicina e da enfermagem, constatamos que, embora seja crescente a literatura voltada para a importância de que a assistência religiosa/espiritual seja incorporada às práticas de acolhimento e humanização em saúde, há ainda um grande hiato entre o que mostra a experiência no mundo da vida dos pacientes e a postura formal dos profissionais que os atendem nos serviços de saúde especializados. Considerando-se esse hiato e seu grande paradoxo, num país de população tão religiosa como o Brasil, discutimos as implicações decorrentes para a formação profissional nos diferentes campos da atenção à saúde.
Convergências sobre a eucaristia no diálogo reformado-católico
Authors: De Freitas Cardoso Maria Teresa
Published: May 2014

Considera-se um documento do diálogo católico-reformado internacional na sua busca de convergências sobre a Eucaristia, já na primeira fase desse diálogo. Estuda-se o primeiro relatório conclusivo, no qual se verifica: que se procurou fazer uma fundamentação bíblica e que nela o conceito de memória significaria mais que uma evocação mental; que a Eucaristia foi vista com o mistério pascal de Cristo; e em relação com o Pai, com Cristo, com o Espírito Santo; que mencionou-se o caráter sacrifical da Eucaristia e afirmou-se a presença de Cristo na Ceia; que acentuou-se a ação do Espírito Santo; que considerou-se a Igreja tornada pela Eucaristia uma comunidade de amor, renovada e missionária, cuja fé se expressa na liturgia. Conclui-se que houve convergências significativas e sugestivas, embora limitadas, e que o diálogo teológico deveria ainda hoje prosseguir e poderia aproveitar os dados anteriores.
Metformin inhibits mitochondrial complex I of cancer cells to reduce tumorigenesis
Authors: Wheaton William W , Weinberg Samuel E , Hamanaka Robert B , Soberanes Saul , Sullivan Lucas B , Anso Elena , Glasauer Andrea , Dufour Eric , Mutlu Gokhan M , Budigner GR Scott , Chandel Navdeep S
Published: May 2014

Recent epidemiological and laboratory-based studies suggest that the anti-diabetic drug metformin prevents cancer progression. How metformin diminishes tumor growth is not fully understood. In this study, we report that in human cancer cells, metformin inhibits mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) activity and cellular respiration. Metformin inhibited cellular proliferation in the presence of glucose, but induced cell death upon glucose deprivation, indicating that cancer cells rely exclusively on glycolysis for survival in the presence of metformin. Metformin also reduced hypoxic activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). All of these effects of metformin were reversed when the metformin-resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae NADH dehydrogenase NDI1 was overexpressed. In vivo, the administration of metformin to mice inhibited the growth of control human cancer cells but not those expressing NDI1. Thus, we have demonstrated that metformin's inhibitory effects on cancer progression are cancer cell autonomous and depend on its ability to inhibit mitochondrial complex I.
Pak2 is required for actin cytoskeleton remodeling, TCR signaling, and normal thymocyte development and maturation
Authors: Phee Hyewon , Au-Yeung Byron B , Pryshchep Olga , O'Hagan Kyle Leonard , Fairbairn Stephanie Grace , Radu Maria , Kosoff Rachelle , Mollenauer Marianne , Cheng Debra , Chernoff Jonathan , Weiss Arthur
Published: May 2014

The molecular mechanisms that govern thymocyte development and maturation are incompletely understood. The P21-activated kinase 2 (Pak2) is an effector for the Rho family GTPases Rac and Cdc42 that regulate actin cytoskeletal remodeling, but its role in the immune system remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that T-cell specific deletion of Pak2 gene in mice resulted in severe T cell lymphopenia accompanied by marked defects in development, maturation, and egress of thymocytes. Pak2 was required for pre-TCR β-selection and positive selection. Surprisingly, Pak2 deficiency in CD4 single positive thymocytes prevented functional maturation and reduced expression of S1P1 and KLF2. Mechanistically, Pak2 is required for actin cytoskeletal remodeling triggered by TCR. Failure to induce proper actin cytoskeletal remodeling impaired PLCγ1 and Erk1/2 signaling in the absence of Pak2, uncovering the critical function of Pak2 as an essential regulator that governs the actin cytoskeleton-dependent signaling to ensure normal thymocyte development and maturation.