bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psilocybin-induced reduction in chronic cluster headache attack frequency correlates with changes in hypothalamic functional connectivity
Authors: Madsen Martin K. , Petersen Anja Sofie , Stenbæk Dea S. , Sørensen Inger Marie , Schiønning Harald , Fjeld Tobias , Nykjær Charlotte H. , Ulv Larsen Sara Marie , Grzywacz Maria , Mathiesen Tobias , Klausen Ida L. , Overgaard-Hansen Oliver , Brendstrup-Brix Kristoffer , Linnet Kristian , Johansen Sys S. , Fisher Patrick M. , Jensen Rigmor H. , Knudsen Gitte M.
Published: July 2022

Chronic cluster headache (CCH) is an excruciating disorder of unknown pathophysiology, but hypothalamic dysfunction has been implicated. CCH is difficult to treat but on a case-basis, the psychedelic compound psilocybin is said to have beneficial effects. In this first-ever clinical trial (NCT04280055), we evaluate in a small open-label study of CCH patients the feasibility and prophylactic effect of three low-to-moderate doses of psilocybin as well as effects on hypothalamic functional connectivity (FC), using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The treatment was well-tolerated and without serious adverse reactions. Attack frequency was on average reduced by 30% from baseline to follow-up (PFWER=0.008). One patient experienced 21 weeks of complete remission. Changes in hypothalamic-diencephalic FC correlated negatively with relative reduction in attack frequency, implicating this neural pathway in treatment response. Further clinical studies are warranted to confirm the safety and prophylactic efficacy of psilocybin for CCH and hypothalamic involvement in treatment response.
Sex-bias in utero alters ovarian reserve but not uterine capacity in female offspring
Authors: Geijer-Simpson Annika V , Tinning Haidee , de Bem Tiago H C , Tsagakis Ioannis , Taylor Alysha S , Hume Laura , Collins Lisa M , Forde Niamh
Published: July 2022

Environmental stressors to which a foetus is exposed, affect a range of physiological functions in post-natal offspring. Such stressors include disproportionate steroid hormone concentrations in the uterine environment. We aimed to determine the in-utero effect of steroid hormones on reproductive potential of female offspring using a porcine model. Hypothesising that an in-utero sex bias will influence ovarian reserve and endometrial morphology in the breeding gilt. Reproductive tracts of pigs from female-biased litters (>65% female, n=15), non-biased litters (45-54.9% female, n=15), and male-biased litters (<35% females, n=9) were collected at slaughter (95-115 kg). Ovaries and uterine horns were processed for histological approaches and stained using H&E or IHC techniques. All measurements were conducted in QuPath (Bankhead et al, 2017). Variability of data within groups was analysed with a Levenes test, whilst data was analysed using linear models in R. In the ovarian reserve, there was a significant interaction between the birth weight and the sex ratio of a litter from which a pig originated (p=.015), with low-birth-weight pigs from male-biased litters having a higher number of primordial follicles and the opposite trend seen in pigs from female-biased litters. This was not reflected in recruited, nor atretic follicles. In the uterine horn sex bias held no effect on development as seen in this study. Birth weight held more effects on the gilts. A lower BW decreased the proportion of glands found in the endometrium (p=.045). BW was found to be far more variable in both male-biased and female-biased litters (p=.026). The variability of primordial follicles from male-biased litters was greater than non-and female-biased litters (p=.014). Similarly, endometrial stromal nuclei had a greater range in male- and female-biased litters than non-biased litters (p=.028). There was a greater effect on both ovarian reserve and uterine development of piglet BW than the litter bias. There seems a benefit of being androgenised on ovarian reserve whilst no effects were found for the morphology or endometrial gland proliferation of the uterine horns. However, a crucial finding was in the variability of the data. Both primordial follicles in the male-biased ovary, and stromal nuclei in the male- and female-biased uterine horns had a wider spread in numbers than non-biased litters. This could be inflating the variability of reproductive success seen in animals form male-biased litters by two means. Firstly, by a higher likelihood of insufficient primordial pools. Secondly, through a potential impact on stromal-derived growth factors or insufficient support of the underlying implantation structures, leading to an increased variability in uterine implantation capabilities, and thus survival of the embryo.
Federate learning of corporate social authority and industry 4.0 that focus on young people: a strategic management framework for human resources
Authors: Sriram V.P. , Sikandar M.A. , Khatri Eti , Choubey Somya , Patni Ity , K. Lakshminarayana , Gulati Kamal
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The young population of the globe is defined by individuals aged 15 to 24 years. Based on statistics from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), the second largest women population among 15 years as well as 19 years was in 2017 only behind 35 and 39 years. At this time, the Brazilian male population was higher. The difficulties of the young generation affected the preceding generation and promoted social dynamism. The worldwide data shows that the generation of young and the digital world have been constantly sought, but in reality, approximately one-third of the population in 2017 had no access to the internet.

Design/methodology/approach

The worldwide movement around topics such as strategy on its threefold basis and Industry 4.0 enable a link to company duty towards society to be established. This present study was produced from 1 March 2020 to 2 September 2020 via resources of human and literature evaluation relating to the idea of strategic, Industry 4.0, the responsibility of society and the creation of youth. Its motive is the global creation of youth. Two recommendations should be made after studying the literature and information gathering that enabled “analyzing social responsibility of the company and industry 4.0 with a pivot on young creation: a strategic framework for resources of human management”.

Findings

The adoption of defensible practices and technology bring forth by the revolution in industrial is emphasized worldwide.

Originality/value

The focus on the usage of these ideas is essential, so that young people can absorb the workforce in the labour market. To achieve this, the CSR idea combines this theoretical triple-created recent study.
Paid work activity and entrepreneurial cognitions of students – evidence from European emerging economies
Authors: Halkiv Lіubov , Ziemiański Paweł
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate whether paid work activity (PWA) experience of students from five emerging economies is related to academic results and self-assessment of possessed entrepreneurial traits. Additionally, the authors verify the relationship between obtaining work experience and the willingness to start own business among students.

Design/methodology/approach

Participants included 3,631 students of the first level of higher education at six universities in five countries (Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine). A survey questionnaire was used which included questions on the previous work experience, paid work during university studies, the assessment of competencies related to entrepreneurship and the assessment of the desirability of entrepreneurship as a career choice.

Findings

Findings indicate that students who engaged in PWA before studies are more likely to do it during studies. PWA during studies is related to perceiving oneself as a worse-performing student, but also to the perception of oneself as an entrepreneurial person. No such relationship was found for the PWA experience before entering the university. It was also found that students are likely to start their businesses after obtaining work experience.

Practical implications

Practical implications pertain to the role of the contemporary academic institutions that should consider their approach to enabling students’ PWA and teaching them how to engage in it for the benefit of their own and the societies to which they belong. It is argued that it may be particularly essential in emerging economies.

Originality/value

The correlates of PWA of students have been underexplored. This paper allows broadening the current understanding of this phenomenon. The authors investigated its relationship with feeling entrepreneurial and academic achievements among young people from five emerging economies, which provides valuable insights for policymakers and educational institutions. It is argued that such insights may be particularly essential in emerging economies. Additionally, the authors contribute to advancing two theories that have not been extensively used in the entrepreneurial context: expectancy theory and social learning theory of career development.
CSR or social impression management? Tone management in CSR reports
Authors: Hamza Sourour , Jarboui Anis
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent corporate social responsibility (CSR) is used as a symbolic strategy of greenwashing. Analyses focus on the relationship between CSR and disclosure tone management practice in sustainable reports derived from social impression management incentives.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on a sample of French listed firms (SBF 120) over a seven-year period (2010–2016), i.e. 539 firm-year observations.

Findings

Multivariate analysis indicates a significant relationship between CSR and disclosure tone management. The obtained results show that firms that are less concerned with tone management in sustainable reporting process consider more socially responsible issues. Findings support the socially substantive initiatives and the transparency perspective of CSR.

Research limitations/implications

The negative association between CSR and tone management highlights the firm’s transparency. However, there could be other discretionary practices which may determine impression management strategies. Thus, future research may consider other discretionary behavior associated with CSR to mislead users.

Practical implications

All actors (government, green-association, investors, etc.) interested in CSR and greenwashing issues have to bring initiatives to reinforce the monitoring and reporting procedures.

Originality/value

This study investigates the association between CSR and disclosure tone management for the French context since the specificity of its regulatory framework of CSR disclosure. Thus, corporate narrative reporting users may be required to consider impression management practices (i.e. tone management) and read between the lines.
The impact of knowledge risk management on sustainability
Authors: Zieba Malgorzata , Durst Susanne , Hinteregger Christoph
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of knowledge risk management (KRM) on organizational sustainability and the role of innovativeness and agility in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The study presents the results of a quantitative survey performed among 179 professionals from knowledge-intensive organizations dealing with knowledge risks and their management in organizations. Data included in this study are from both private and public organizations located all over the world and were collected through an online survey.

Findings

The results have confirmed that innovativeness and agility positively impact the sustainability of organizations; agility also positively impacts organizational innovativeness. The partial influence of KRM on both innovativeness and agility of organizations has been confirmed as well.

Research limitations/implications

The paper findings contribute in different ways to the ongoing debates in the literature. First, they contribute to the general study of risk management by showing empirically its role in organizations in the given case of organizational sustainability. Second, by emphasizing the risks related to knowledge, this study contributes to emerging efforts highlighting the particular role of knowledge for sustained organizational development. Third, by linking KRM and organizational sustainability, this paper contributes empirically to building knowledge in this very recent field of study. This understanding is also useful for future development in the field of KM as a whole.

Originality/value

The paper lays the ground for both a deeper and more nuanced understanding of knowledge risks in organizations in general and regarding sustainability in particular. As such, the paper offers new food for thought for researchers dealing with the topics of knowledge risks, knowledge management and organizational risk management in general.
Needs for mobile-responsive institutional open access digital repositories
Authors: Ajibade Patrick
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to promote mobile-responsive and agile institutional open-access digital repositories. This paper provided an x-ray of the tilted research approach to open access (OA). Most underlying causes that inhibit OA, such as lack of mobile-friendly user interfaces, infrastructure development and digital divides, are not sufficiently addressed. This paper also indicated that academic libraries over-relied on open-source software and institutional repository, but most institutional repositories are merely “dumping sites” due to how information is classified and indexed.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopted meta-analysis by mining data sets from databases and provided thematic clustering of its content analysis through network visualisation to juxtapose the existing research gaps and lack of mobile-first insights needed to provide open-access information to the library’s users to consume information via mobile platforms. The retrieved dataset was discussed in tandem with the literature and the author’s insights into systems librarianship knowledge.

Findings

The library and information science (LIS) has not addressed how the academics could escape the pay-for-play cost, which was an exclusion tactic to disenfranchise emerging scholars and those without sufficient financial resources to choose between visibility, citation or publishing their outputs in journals without the possibility of citations, which is very important to their academic advancements. The LIS must shift its paradigm from mere talking about OA by producing graduates with the requisite skill to design, develop and host platforms that could enhance indexing and citations and import references. The current design of the institutional repository could be enhanced and promote easy navigation through mobile devices. Thereby taking into accounts internet bandwidth and digital divide, which still hinders accessibility of online resources.

Research limitations/implications

This paper covered research within the LIS fields, and other outputs from other disciplines on OA were not included.

Practical implications

This paper showed the gaps that existed within the LIS campaign on OA, the research focuses of the LIS scholars/research librarians and the needed practical solution for the academic libraries to move beyond OA campaign and reconfigure institutional repository, not as dumping sites, but as infrastructure to host peer-reviewed journals.

Social implications

Academic libraries institutional repositories can play vital roles in competing with major journal publishers to break their charges monopoly while providing platforms for scholars to make their outputs available freely.

Originality/value

The paper argued that the mobile-first approach to OA is a solution and advocated for mobile application development designed to promote OA resources through mobile-friendly interfaces.
Robots and public libraries
Authors: Tella Adeyinka , Ajani Yusuf Ayodeji
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Humanoid robots that are artificially intelligent have infiltrated almost every aspect of life, including libraries, and can do things that humans are incapable of doing with greater efficiency in the library. It is on that note that this study has examined artificial intelligence (AI) humanoid robots for public libraries reference services. This study aims to discuss AI and draw the link between it and robotic technology.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted conceptual analysis and review of literature on AI humanoid robots for public libraries reference services.

Findings

This study focused not only on humanoid robots but also discovered that there are other types of robots relevant to libraries including chatbot, telepresence and shelve-reading robots as well as general robots such as aerospace robots, drones and army robots, commercial entertainment robots, industrial robots and medical-surgical robots. This paper also reported the usefulness of robots in libraries, and zero in on robots and reference services in the library. Lastly, this study reported the impact of humanoid robots on reference services in public libraries.

Originality/value

This paper is the original idea from the authors and does not reflect on any copyrighted materials. This study recommended among others that public libraries (in collaboration with their parent organisations) devise a strategic plan for new and emerging technologies such as humanoid robots.
Sustain or perish: can environmental supply chain strategies predict sustainable performance of manufacturing firms? A third world nation's perspective
Authors: Iddrisu Sulemana
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Drawing on the natural resource-based view (NRBV) and dynamic capability perspectives, the current study investigates the extent to which environmental supply chain strategies (ESCSs) predict the dimensions of sustainable performance of manufacturing firms.

Design/methodology/approach

In a cross-sectional survey, data were drawn from eight (8) listed manufacturing firms in Ghana: Aluworks Ltd, Unilever Ghana Plc, Fan Milk Limited, Guinness Ghana Breweries Limited, Cocoa Processing Company, Dannex Ayrton Starwin Plc, Benso Oil Palm Plantation Ltd and Samba Foods Ltd. The data from 396 respondents were analysed with partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach to test the research hypotheses.

Findings

The study revealed that environmental, social and economic sustainability performance reporting indicators were positively and significantly predicted by ESCSs of manufacturing firms in an emerging economy.

Practical implications

In essence, the results provide broad support to the assertion that sustaining companies over several generations largely depends on understanding and implementing proactive green strategies or otherwise perish.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the few studies that investigate ESCSs and sustainability performance issues in emerging economies, like Ghana, where sustainability is on the verge of gaining momentum.
Recent advances in nanoencapsulation of natural pigments: emerging technologies, stability, therapeutic properties and potential food applications
Authors: Bhandari Manisha , Sharma Rajan , Sharma Savita , Bobade Hanuman , Singh Baljit
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to address consumer’s preference of natural pigments over synthetic ones and their use in various product developments rather than using synthetic colours. A budding interest of using natural pigments has made researchers to explore several techniques for their stabilization and application in different food products.

Design/methodology/approach

In this review, four major natural pigments with potential health benefits have been studied. Betalins, carotenoids, anthocyanins and chlorophylls, in spite of having excellent bio-functional and therapeutic profile, are found to be unstable. Therefore, various nanoencapsulation techniques are used to increase their stability along with their therapeutic properties.

Findings

Nanoencapsulation of natural pigments improves their stability, their effect on therapeutic properties and their application in different food products. These findings could be attributed to the encapsulating material as it acts as a barrier and ushers changes in the matrix of natural pigments. Also, nanoencapsulation not only increases stability but also provides several health benefits such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-allergic and anti-thrombotic properties.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the openings for the use of nanoencapsulation of natural pigments to stabilize them and use them as a potential colourant and functional ingredient in different food products. Phenols, carotenoids and antioxidant activity are the major factors that are responsible for promoting several health benefits.
Focus position below TP in Standard Arabic
Authors: Alazzawie Abdulkhaliq , Abdelaal Noureldin Mohamed
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Adopting the split complementizer phrase (CP) hypothesis, the paper aims at providing an account for object cliticization in Standard Arabic (SA) as an instance of object displacement. Kayne's proposal on cliticization is adopted here to account for the type of displacement in SA that objects clitics in SA, like full determiner phrases (DPs), obligatorily move from their base position as independent complements of the verb to the specifier of Foc first before attaching to the verb under the tense node.

Design/methodology/approach

This research adopts a qualitative interpretive research design (Creswell, 2007, 2010). The majority of the samples chosen for the study involve dependent pronominal objects obligatorily attached to the verb. The samples were judged to be grammatical based on the author's judgment as an native speaker of Arabic. Moreover, all the examples were checked for grammaticality by two full professors of Arabic grammar who are native speakers.

Findings

The analysis proposed that, like lexical DP's, pronominal objects originate as separate maximal projection (XP) constituents and move from their base position as verbal complements to the focus position [Spec, Foc]. In other words, both are able to move out of VP, targeting the same specifier position of a functional projection. This movement is focus-driven, that is, triggered by the edge feature on Foc. Pronominal objects at a later phase crucially higher than V0 (possibly in phonetic form (PF)) get cliticized to the verb which has adjoined to T.

Originality/value

Unlike displaced lexical DP objects in SA syntax, displaced pronominal objects, however, have received less critical attention especially within Rizzi's (1997, 2004) left periphery theory and, therefore, some areas of these constructions remain poorly understood.
Parameter optimization for surface mounter using a self-alignment prediction model
Authors: Mistry Maitri , Gupta Rahul , Jain Swati , Verma Jaiprakash V. , Won Daehan
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a machine learning model that predicts the component self-alignment offsets along the length and width of the component and in the angular direction. To find the best performing model, various algorithms like random forest regressor (RFR), support vector regressor (SVR), neural networks (NN), gradient boost (GB) and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) were performed and analyzed. The models were implemented using input features, which can be categorized as solder paste volume, paste-pad offset, component-pad offset, angular offset and orientation.

Design/methodology/approach

Surface-mount technology (SMT) is the technology behind the production of printed circuit boards, which is used in several types of commercial equipment such as communication devices, home appliances, medical imaging systems and sensors. In SMT, components undergo movement known as self-alignment during the reflow process. Although self-alignment is used to decrease the misalignment, it may not work for smaller size chipsets. If the solder paste depositions are not well-aligned, the self-alignment might deteriorate the final alignment of the component.

Findings

It were trained on their targets. Results obtained by each method for each target variable were compared to find the algorithm that gives the best performance. It was found that RFR gives the best performance in case of predicting offsets along the length and width of the component, whereas SVR does so in case of predicting offsets in the angular direction. The scope of this study can be extended to developing this model further to predict defects that can occur during the reflow process. It could also be developed to be used for optimizing the placement process in SMT.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a predictive model that predicts the component self-alignment offsets along the length and width of component and in the angular direction. To find the best performing model, various algorithms like RFR, SVR, NN, GB and KNN were performed and analyzed for predicting the component self-alignment offsets. This helps to achieve the following research objectives: best machine learning model for prediction of component self-alignment offsets. This model can be used to optimize the mounting process in SMT, which reduces occurrences of defects and making the process more efficient.
Me-thinking: report on a pilot intervention with women in custody
Authors: Gois Isabel , Kane Eddie
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This pilot study aims to assess the feasibility of conducting shared philosophical inquiry with women at risk of re-offending to improve motivation to change. The philosophy sessions aimed to give participants new ways to think about their lives and to help them have more control over their own mind by learning new ways to think differently.

Design/methodology/approach

The pilot study adopted a mixed-methods approach to collect and analyse data pre- and post-intervention. Ten women serving a custodial sentence at the Democratic Therapeutic Community (DTC) in HMP Send were recruited to take part in ten weekly sessions of philosophical discussion. The intervention was adjunctive and not meant to replace other treatments an inmate may already be receiving.

Findings

The results showed that most participants experienced improved levels of well-being and mental health post-intervention, and that the intervention has the potential to help participants better critically assess their own behaviour and ways of thinking. It also suggested that the intervention has the potential to help participants engage more effectively with the therapeutic process.

Research limitations/implications

The results of this study are limited by the small sample size and the lack of a control group. As such this study cannot rule out that the changes observed in participants were a function of time or the specific therapeutic environment they were in (or both).

Originality/value

This pilot study is innovative not just for introducing philosophy classes to the women’s prison estate for the first time in England and Wales, but also in its ambition to contribute to the “what works” agenda in offender rehabilitation.
‘An Elite Among the Disabled’. The Welfare State and Identity Formation of Disabled Veterans in post‐war West Germany
Authors: SCHLUND SEBASTIAN
Published: July 2022

This article explores how disabled war veterans received preferential treatment by Federal German social and welfare politics in the first two decades after the Second World War. Based on the case of their ‘sacrifice for the fatherland’, disabled veterans were entitled to a generosity not experienced by persons disabled since birth, by an accident or illness. Powerful war victims’ associations successfully lobbied parliament and the architects of social and labour politics in order to secure significant privileges for the war‐disabled. These related not only to state‐funded programs of physical rehabilitation, but also to integration into the recovering West German economy.

To explain these benefits, the article will analyse the interaction of various privileges awarded by both Federal politics and West German society as a whole with the identity formation of disabled veterans. Their understanding of war disability as a ‘badge of honour’, and their upholding of an inherently masculinistic concept of camaraderie created a strong sense of belonging, which enhanced their negotiating position with regards to state‐funded rehabilitation programmes and re‐integration into the workforce. Against the backdrop of economic and moral reconstruction, disabled veterans successfully navigated the ambivalence of being regarded as a ‘symbol of defeat’ and self‐identifying as victims of a war they had fought on the frontlines.
Reconstructing queen genotypes by pool sequencing colonies in eusocial insects: Statistical Methods and their application to honeybee
Authors: Eynard Sonia E. , Vignal Alain , Basso Benjamin , Canale‐Tabet Kamila , Le Conte Yves , Decourtye Axel , Genestout Lucie , Labarthe Emmanuelle , Mondet Fanny , Servin Bertrand
Published: July 2022

Eusocial insects are crucial to many ecosystems, and particularly the honeybee (Apis mellifera). One approach to facilitate their study in molecular genetics, is to consider whole‐colony genotyping by combining DNA of multiple individuals in a single pool sequencing experiment. Cheap and fast, this technique comes with the drawback of producing data requiring dedicated methods to be fully exploited. Despite this limitation, pool sequencing data have been shown to be informative and cost‐effective when working on random mating populations. Here, we present new statistical methods for exploiting pool sequencing of eusocial colonies in order to reconstruct the genotypes of the queen of such colony. This leverages the possibility to monitor genetic diversity, perform genomic‐based studies or implement selective breeding. Using simulations and honeybee real data, we show that the new methods allow for a fast and accurate estimation of the queen's genetic ancestry, with correlations of about 0.9 to that obtained from individual genotyping. Also, it allows for an accurate reconstruction of the queen genotypes, with about 2% genotyping error. We further validate these inferences using experimental data on colonies with both pool sequencing and individual genotyping of drones. In brief, in this study we present statistical models to accurately estimate the genetic ancestry and reconstruct the genotypes of the queen from pool sequencing data from workers of an eusocial colony. Such information allows to exploit pool sequencing for traditional population genetics analyses, association studies and for selective breeding. While validated in Apis mellifera, these methods are applicable to other eusocial hymenopterans.
Pleural homocysteine for malignant pleural effusion: A prospective and double‐blind diagnostic test accuracy study
Authors: Cao Xi‐Shan , Zhao Wen , Wen Xu‐Hui , Han Yu‐Ling , Yan Li , Jiang Ting‐Wang , Huang Jin‐Hong , Chen Hong , Zheng Wen‐Qi , Hu Zhi‐De
Published: July 2022

Objective

To assess the accuracy of pleural fluid homocysteine for discriminating malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and benign pleural effusion (BPE).

Methods

A total of 194 patients from two cohorts (Hohhot and Changshu) with undiagnosed pleural effusion were prospectively enrolled. Their pleural homocysteine was measured, and its diagnostic accuracy and net benefit for MPE were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis, respectively.

Results

In the Hohhot cohort (n = 136) and the Changshu cohort (n = 58), MPE patients had significantly higher homocysteine levels than BPE patients. The areas under the ROC curves of homocysteine for the diagnosis of MPE were 0.61 (p = 0.027) and 0.59 (p = 0.247), respectively. The decision curves of homocysteine were close to the reference line in both the Hohhot cohort and the Changshu cohort.

Conclusion

The diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid homocysteine for MPE was low.
Practitioner and digitally delivered interventions for reducing hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption in people not seeking alcohol treatment: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Beyer Fiona R. , Kenny Ryan P. W. , Johnson Eugenie , Caldwell Deborah M. , Garnett Claire , Rice Stephen , Simpson Julija , Angus Colin , Craig Dawn , Hickman Matt , Michie Susan , Kaner Eileen F. S.
Published: July 2022

Aim

To compare the effectiveness of practitioner versus digitally delivered interventions for reducing hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption.

Design

Systematic review and network meta‐analysis comprising comprehensive search for randomised controlled trials, robust screening and selection methods and appraisal with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Network meta‐analyses were conducted in Stata using random effects, frequentist models. The confidence in network meta‐analysis (CINeMA) tool was used to assess confidence in effect sizes.

Setting

Online or community or health settings where the intervention was immediately accessible without referral.

Participants

Non treatment‐seeking hazardous or harmful drinkers.

Measurements

Primary outcome was mean difference in alcohol consumption (g/wk); secondary outcome was number of single high intensity drinking episodes. Baseline consumption was analysed as a covariate.

Findings

Of 201 included trials (94 753 participants), 152 reported a consumption outcome that could be converted to grams/week; 104 reported number of single high intensity drinking episodes. At 1 and 6 months, practitioner delivered interventions reduced consumption more than digitally delivered interventions (1 month: −23 g/wk (95% CI, −43 to −2); 6 months: −14 g/wk [95% CI, −25 to −3]). At 12 months there was no evidence of difference between practitioner and digitally delivered interventions (−6 g/wk [95% CI, −24 to 12]). There was no evidence of a difference in single high intensity drinking episodes between practitioner and digitally delivered interventions at any time point. Effect sizes were small, but could impact across a population with relatively high prevalence of hazardous and harmful drinking. Heterogeneity was a concern. Some inconsistency was indicated at 1 and 6 months, but little evidence was apparent at 12 months.

Conclusion

Practitioner delivered interventions for reducing hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption are more effective than digitally delivered interventions up to 6 months; at 12 months there is no evidence of a difference.
Roan coat color in livestock
Authors: Voß Katharina , Blaj Iulia , Tetens Julia L. , Thaller Georg , Becker Doreen
Published: July 2022

Since domestication, a wide variety of phenotypes including coat color variation has developed in livestock. This variation is mostly based on selective breeding. During the beginning of selective breeding, potential negative consequences did not become immediately evident due to low frequencies of homozygous animals and have been occasionally neglected. However, numerous studies of coat color genetics have been carried out over more than a century and, meanwhile, pleiotropic effects for several coat color genes, including disorders of even lethal impact, were described. Similar coat color phenotypes can often be found across species, caused either by conserved genes or by different genes. Even in the same species, more than one gene could cause the same or similar coat color phenotype. The roan coat color in livestock species is characterized by a mixture of white and colored hair in cattle, pig, sheep, goat, alpaca, and horse. So far, the genetic background of this phenotype is not fully understood, but KIT and its ligand KITLG (MGF) are major candidate genes in livestock species. For some of these species, pleiotropic effects such as subfertility in homozygous roan cattle or homozygous embryonic lethality in certain horse breeds have been described. This review aims to point out the similarities and differences of the roan phenotype across the following livestock species: cattle, pig, sheep, goat, alpaca, and horse; and provides the current state of knowledge on genetic background and pleiotropic effects.
Risk factors for acute colonic pseudo‐obstruction after caesarean section: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Ford Elisa , Bozin Michael , Shedda Susan , McCormick Jacob , Skandarajah Anita , Cade Thomas
Published: July 2022

Background

Pregnancy and caesarean section are known to predispose to the development of acute colonic pseudo‐obstruction (ACPO), a rare form of functional ileus of the distal large bowel. Pathogenesis of ACPO is likely influenced by pregnancy and childbirth and subsequent changes to hormonal, autonomic and metabolic physiology. Identifying pregnancy risk factors will assist with early identification, as the insidious onset postpartum often leads to delayed diagnosis and bowel ischaemia, perforation and sepsis.

Aims

To establish pregnancy risk factors associated with the development of ACPO after caesarean section.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective case–control study included 19 121 women undergoing caesarean between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2016 at a tertiary referral hospital. Twenty‐three cases of computerised tomography (CT)‐diagnosed ACPO post‐caesarean were identified from hospital medical records and imaging databases. Controls were matched for gestational and maternal age within one week of delivery with a ratio of 1:3.

Results

The incidence of ACPO was one in 800 caesarean sections. ACPO was significantly more likely to occur in women who had been administered opioid analgesia in labour (odds ratio (OR) 4.67, P = 0.04), and a trend for increased estimated blood loss (OR 1.01, P = 0.01). There was no increased risk associated with emergency or elective caesarean classification, previous abdominal surgery, type of anaesthesia, duration of labour, oxytocin augmentation, intrapartum fever, hypertensive disorders, diabetes in pregnancy, antepartum haemorrhage, multiple gestation, fetal presentation or birthweight.

Conclusions

Risk factors for developing ACPO post‐caesarean include opioid analgesia in labour and a trend for increased blood loss.
Effectiveness of ultrasound‐guided removal of intrauterine devices
Authors: Townsend Lynn , Luxford Elizabeth , Mizia Karen
Published: July 2022

A retrospective review over 12 months was conducted to assess the success rates for ultrasound‐guided removal of an intrauterine device (IUD). Cases were broken up into two groups. There were 241 cases in which removal had been unsuccessful in the office setting. Where the strings were not visible the device was successfully removed in 97.7% of attempts. The second group had visible strings and 100% were successfully removed. The success rate for ultrasound‐guided removal of IUDs when the strings are not visible supports the pilot study published in 2012. This approach can successfully avoid the need for sedation and or hospital admission in over 97% of cases.
The checklist for administrative and research databases‐related studies: The ChARDS
Authors: Ullah Waqas , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang
Published: July 2022

Retrospective healthcare databases are emerging sources for clinical research. However, there has been no standardized checklist to ensure the accurate acquisition and reporting of this data. We consulted experts, statisticians and searched for digital databases to develop a comprehensive checklist with a focus on the issues specific to studies performed on retrospective databases. The ChARDS (Checklist for Administrative and Research Databases related Studies) was developed that consists of 8 sections, 19 sub‐sections, and 57 questions. The major areas covered by the ChARDS include providing information on the data sources and guiding writing by simulating the headings of a manuscript. The ChARDS is designed to question authors on the need for the study, the relevance of the topic in light of prior literature, research design, selection of the sample, eligibility of participants, standardization of outcomes, appropriateness of statistical models, interpretation of data, resource valuation, reliability and reproducibility of results, and validity and generalization of key findings to the general population. The ChARDS intends to provide authors with a roadmap on the structured reporting of data and enable decision‐makers to evaluate its suitability for publication.
Pairwise approach for analysis and reporting of child's free sugars intake from a birth cohort study
Authors: Nguyen Huy Van , Ha Diep Hong , Dao An Thi Minh , Golley Rebecca K. , Scott Jane A. , Spencer John , Bell Lucinda , Devenish‐Coleman Gemma , Do Loc Giang
Published: July 2022

Objectives

The prospective cohort design is an important research design, but a common challenge is missing data. The purpose of this study is to compare three approaches to managing missing data, the pairwise (n = 1386 children), the partial or modified pairwise (n = 1019) and the listwise (n = 546), to characterize the trajectories of children's free sugars intake (FSI) across early childhood.

Methods

By applying the Group‐based Trajectory Model Technique to three waves of data collected from a prospective cohort study of South Australian children, this study examined the three approaches in managing missing data to validate and discuss children's FSI trajectories.

Results

Each approach identified three distinct trajectories of child's FSI from 1 to 5 years of age: (1) ‘low and fast increasing’, (2) ‘moderate and increasing’ and (3) ‘high and increasing’. The trajectory memberships were consistent across the three approaches, and were for the pairwise scenario (1) 15.1%, (2) 68.3% and (3) 16.6%; the partial or modified pairwise (1) 15.9%, (2) 64.1% and (3) 20.0%; and the listwise (1) 14.9%, (2) 64.9% and (3) 20.2% of children.

Conclusions

Given the comparability of the findings across the analytical approaches and the samples' characteristics between baseline and across different data collection waves, it is recommended that the pairwise approach be used in future analyses to optimize the sample size and statistical power when examining the relationship between FSI in the first years of life and health outcome such as dental caries.
Ridge augmentation using autologous concentrated growth factors enriched bone graft matrix versus guided bone regeneration using native collagen membrane in horizontally deficient maxilla: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Aboelela Sarah Abd Allah , Atef Mohammed , Shawky Mohamed , Fattouh Hesham
Published: July 2022

Background

Facial resorption of maxillary alveolar ridges is a challenging situation for implant rehabilitation, which mandates a preparatory surgery of bone augmentation. Guided bone regeneration using a 1:1 mixture of autogenous particulate and anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABBM) showed reliable outcomes in treating horizontally deficient ridges.

Methods

Twenty‐eight patients were randomly assigned into two groups; in the control group, the 1:1 mixture of particulate autogenous bone and ABBM was covered with native collagen membrane, while in the study group, it was mixed with autologous fibrin glue (AFG) to make a sticky bone that was covered by concentrated growth factor (CGF) membrane. For each proposed implant site, the average bone width gain was calculated preoperatively, immediately after augmentation and after 6 months. Implants were placed after 6 months and the implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured after insertion and after 6 more months.

Results

The graft consolidation period went uneventful in both groups; however, two cases in the sticky bone group showed total resorption of the graft upon re‐entry. The mean horizontal bone width after 6 months was 9 mm ± 0.71 in the guided bone regeneration (GBR) group which was higher than 7.9 mm ± 0.92 for the sticky bone group. The mean primary stability was higher in the GBR group; 67.19 ± 2.23 compared to 66.7 ± 3.22 for the sticky bone group, while the mean secondary stability was higher in the sticky bone group; 72 ± 2.15 compared to 71.7 ± 2.27 for the GBR group. Results of Shapiro–Wilk's for bone width data and model residuals were both statistically not significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Comparing CGF membrane versus native collagen membrane as barriers for GBR showed no statistically significant difference regarding bone gain. However, from a clinical point of view, CGF membrane is not a predictable barrier for guided bone regeneration.
What Science Communication for Equitable Communication? From Conceptualizations to Reconceptualizations and Practices
Authors: Afonso Susana , Afonso Ana Sofia , Lopes Aurora Simões , de Souza Gonzalez Ana Carolina
Published: July 2022

While museum educators are essential to engage under‐served publics in science, their communication often reinforces dominant cultural norms and disengage visitors. Why are certain communication models so dominant and why are the cultural norms that underpin these so resistant to reconceptualisation? What conceptualizations about science communication are held by museum coordinators and how representative are they of the real practices? We explored these through an interpretative phenomenological approach in the context of a mobile museum with a social justice agenda. The analysis of museum coordinators' and museum educators' narratives, through the perspective of Idealized Cognitive Models (ICMs), shows that coordinators hold two dichotomous ICMs: a dominant deficit model and a non‐dominant participatory ICM. The data from museum educators, however, indicate the coexistence of blended practices, which attempt at establishing dialogue, but fail to align with the participatory model. This shows the difficulty in reconceptualising the deficit ICM, as it is deeply rooted in long‐standing enlightenment project of museums and reinforced by organizational factors.
Invented Modernisms: Getting to Grips with Modernity in Three African State Buildings
Authors: Manful Kuukuwa , Batsani‐Ncube Innocent , Gallagher Julia
Published: July 2022

This article examines recent attempts to create specifically African forms of modernist political architecture that draw on ‘traditional’ or ‘pre‐colonial’ aesthetic forms and ideas. Taking examples of three prestigious structures – the presidential palace in Ghana, the parliament in Malawi and the Northern Cape regional parliament in South Africa – the article shows how vernacular ideas have been incorporated into state‐of‐the‐art political architecture, producing new or explicitly ‘African’ forms of modernism. It explores how such buildings, which draw on ‘invented traditions’, are used alongside conventional, monolithic representations of the state to produce ‘invented modernisms’ that both uphold and question the African state as a project of modernity.
Transmodern Heritage as Radical Delinking from Modernity
Authors: Bialostocka Olga
Published: July 2022

Guided by decolonial border thinking (Mignolo, 2007), this conceptual paper questions the rhetoric of alternative modernities proposed as a way of reclaiming the place of post/colonial heritage of Africa alongside the modern heritage in Africa. Interrogating modernity's European legacy, its precepts and the associated values, it proposes instead to define African heritage of the 19th and 20th century from the standpoint of “exteriority” and as an expression of transmodernity, in a move to delink it from the colonial matrix of power. Transmodern heritage, transversal and rooted in the decoloniality movement, represents an alternative to modernity that accounts for alterity affirmed as difference and provides space for manifold cultural expressions produced by African people liberated from modernity's colonial foundation and its vexing binary opposition of “traditional” and “modern”.