bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Helix-Loop-Helix Factor Id3 (Inhibitor of Differentiation 3)
Authors: Misiou Angelina , Garmey James C. , Hensien Jack M. , Harmon Daniel B. , Osinski Victoria , McSkimming Chantel , Marshall Melissa A. , Fischer Jens W. , Grandoch Maria , McNamara Coleen A.
Published: December 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study was to unravel mechanisms whereby deficiency of the transcription factor Id3 (inhibitor of differentiation 3) leads to metabolic dysfunction in visceral obesity. We investigated the impact of loss of Id3 on hyaluronic acid (HA) production by the 3 HAS isoenzymes (HA synthases; -1, -2, and -3) and on obesity-induced adipose tissue (AT) accumulation of proinflammatory B cells.

Approach and Results:

Male
Id3
−/−
mice and respective wild-type littermate controls were fed a 60% high-fat diet for 4 weeks. An increase in inflammatory B2 cells was detected in
Id3
−/−
epididymal AT. HA accumulated in epididymal AT of high-fat diet–fed
Id3
−/−
mice and circulating levels of HA were elevated.
Has2
mRNA expression was increased in epididymal AT of
Id3
−/−
mice. Luciferase promoter assays showed that Id3 suppressed
Has2
promoter activity, while loss of
Id3
stimulated
Has2
promoter activity. Functionally, HA strongly promoted B2 cell adhesion in the AT and on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells of
Id3
−/−
mice, an effect sensitive to hyaluronidase.

Conclusions:

Our data demonstrate that loss of
Id3
increases
Has2
expression in the epididymal AT, thereby promoting HA accumulation. In turn, elevated HA content promotes HA-dependent binding of B2 cells and an increase in the B2 cells in the AT, which contributes to AT inflammation.
القَدَر: دراسة في المقامة الأسديّة لبديع الزمان الهمذانيّ
Authors: هاني مصطفى رمضان
Published: December 2020

Badīʿ al-Zamān al-Hamadhānī’s maqāmāt are very well known and of great interest to researchers, most of whom consider – according to the apparent meaning of the maqāmāt – that al-Hamadhānī’s attitude towards destiny is one of constant war and underestimation. This paper focuses on the maqāma known as “the maqāma of the lion” to interrogate al-Hamadhānī’s position on destiny. We suggest that this maqāma shows a different attitude towards destiny, and describe how in this case al-Hamadhānī asserts destiny’s control over everything in our lives.

Our paper is based on an internal analysis of this maqāma, focusing on its events and their characteristics in terms of time, place, and characters. Moreover, we analyze the language of the maqāma through its vocabulary, lexical field meanings, and contextual symbols in the context of our main thesis. We also explain our personal understanding of this maqāma as a part of al-Hamadhānī’s collection, and through observations on the two main characters. Finally, as many researchers have noticed a link between al-Hamadhānī’s maqāmāt and the Qur’ān, we compare “the maqāma of the lion” with the story of Prophet Joseph in the Qur’ān, as the two present a number of similarities.
التجديد في الدراسات اللغويّة العربيّة في القرن التاسع عشر
Authors: حسين السوداني
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to study the emergence of tajdīd (modernization, renewal) in Arabic linguistics. The research focuses on the time period between the late 18th century and the beginning of the 20th century, a time that corresponds to the popularization of evolution studies in Europe in the sciences generally, and particularly in linguistics.

I examine the features of the linguistics scene in the 19th century, looking for possible characteristics of a tajdīd movement on both the technical-theoretical and the practical-procedural levels. Indeed, the 19th century witnessed a period of openness to Western influence, a multi-faceted intellectual movement that has come to be known as the Nahḍa. During this time, tajdīd manifested itself explicitly in the methodology of Arabic linguistics, sometimes declaring its points of reference openly, while at other times keeping them implicit in a deliberately unspoken reliance on modern theoretical backgrounds.

I find that the linguistic issue represents an important component in 19th century Arab thought on three levels: the first being the level of culture and civilization, the second education and methodology, and the third technical form and research.
The Morphophonemics of Weak Triliteral Stems in Standard Arabic: A Generative Phonology Perspective
Authors: Abdel-Malek Zaki N.
Published: December 2020

The “weak” triliteral stems of Standard Arabic have been studied in considerable detail by Arab as well as Western grammarians. In most cases, however, the treatment has been largely limited to listing and classifying the primary data, which satisfies observational adequacy but fails to meet the essential requirements of descriptive adequacy, simplicity and generality. In a few cases rules have been proposed, but these rules fall short of expectations: on the whole, they strike the user as complex, arbitrary and unmotivated. Drawing on the theory of Generative-Transformational Grammar, I have formulated a small set of rules which seek to satisfy all of the three essential requirements, and thus render the subject more palatable to scholars as well as learners of Standard Arabic.
Bryocrumia vivicolor, new localities in Japan and Taiwan

Authors: KIM WONHEE , YAMAGUCHI TOMIO
Published: December 2020

New localities of Bryocrumia vivicolor (Broth. & Dixon) W.R.Buck, a monotypic species, is first reported from Japan and Taiwan. Some old specimens of B. vivicolor were discovered at the herbarium of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory (NICH). These old specimens were from 4 regions in Japan, which are Oita, Miyazaki, Wakayama and Hyogo Prefecture, and 2 regions in Taiwan , which are Mt. Anma-shan and Mt. Li.
First description of immature stages and redescription of female Bdella longicornis (Acari: Prostigmata: Bdellidae), with an ontogeny of chaetotaxy
Authors: WU YOU-FANG , JIN DAO-CHAO , YI TIAN-CI , CHEN JIAN-XIN , GUO JIAN-JUN
Published: December 2020

Bdella longicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) is a widespread species. There has been no description of its immature stages before. In this paper, we redescribe its female adult and describe its four immature stages for the first time based on the specimens from P. R. China. Meanwhile, the ontogeny of chaetotaxy in B. longicornis is discussed.
Francuzi w hierarchii więźniarskiej Auschwitz-­­Birkenau. GIS w badaniach historycznych – wprowadzenie do badań
Authors: Chrząszcz Paulina
Published: December 2020

The French in the Inmate Hierarchy of Auschwitz-Birkenau: GIS in Historical Research – Introduction to a Research ProjectThe aim of this article is to identify a research problem concerning the French prisoners of Auschwitz-Birkenau, and to discuss preliminary results of a PhD project conducted at the Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences. As planned, the implementation of the project will involve the use of methods offered by widely understood information technologies, such as the Geographic Information System (GIS) and the structural language of the French deportees, who were one of the more numerous groups of Auschwitz-Birkenau prisoners. The article outlines a potential research field and presents preliminary results of a study on the Auschwitz II-Birkenau women’s camp. Thanks to the use of information technologies, such as GIS tools, it was possible to map the space of sectors BIa and BIb of Auschwitz II-Birkenau with its particular parts, including barracks, baths, kitchens, latrines, etc. Using raster georeferencing, an image of the camp as it is today was superimposed on an aerial photograph of the sub-camp taken by the Allies in 1944. Francuzi w hierarchii więźniarskiej Auschwitz-Birkenau. GIS w badaniach historycznych – wprowadzenie do badańCelem niniejszego artykułu jest zasygnalizowanie problemu badawczego, który dotyczy francuskich więźniów obozu Auschwitz-Birkenau, a także przedstawienie wstępnych wyników badań przygotowanych na potrzeby doktoratu pisanego w Instytucie Historii PAN. Do całościowej realizacji projektu wykorzystane zostaną metody, które oferują szeroko rozumiane technologie informacyjne, takie jak System informacji geograficznej (GIS) oraz strukturalny język zapytań SQL. Autorka odwołując się do teorii aktora-sieci, w centrum rozważań stawia osoby deportowane z Francji, które stanowiły jedną z liczniejszych grup więźniów obozu Auschwitz-Birkenau. W tekście zasygnalizowano możliwe pole badawcze oraz zaprezentowano możliwości badań nad częścią obozu kobiecego w Auschwitz II-Birkenau. Dzięki wykorzystaniu technologii informacyjnych, takich jak narzędzia GIS-owskie, możliwe było ukazanie przestrzenne części kobiecej BIa i BIb obozu Auschwitz II-Birkenau wraz z wyznaczeniem jej konkretnych części, takich jak baraki, łaźnie, kuchnie, latryny itd. Wykorzystując georeferencing obrazu rastrowego, widok współczesny obozu nałożono na jedno ze zdjęć lotniczych podobozu wykonane przez Aliantów w 1944 roku.
Obraz Kresów Wschodnich w tekstach historii mówionej
Authors: Gocół Damian
Published: December 2020

The Image of Kresy Wschodnie in Texts of Oral HistoryThe author assumes that KRESY (former Polish Eastern Borderlands) is a characteristic culturem of Polish culture. He considers culturems as concepts which are important for self-identification, and assumes that identity has a shape of a narrative. Consequently, he recognises that the culturem KRESY may have a significant impact on shaping the identity of people associated with the former lands of the Second Polish Republic, so-called Kresy Wschodnie. This article analyses three oral history texts from the author’s files. They reveal a strong connection between the image of KRESY and the Polish home (especially the manor house) and the roots of Kresowiak identity in national liberation traditions (especially the January Uprising). This image is characterised by a certain degree of idealisation: KRESY are viewed as a place of peaceful coexistence of numerous nations and cultures. The image of KRESY has changed over time. After the Polish-Bolshevik war, it was a place of lawlessness; after the creation of the Border Protection Corps (Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza, KOP) it was a place of peace. The Second World War was a turning point marking the end of Polish Kresy. Obraz Kresów Wschodnich w tekstach historii mówionejAutor wychodzi z założenia, że KRESY są kulturemem charakterystycznym dla kultury polskiej, przy czym kulturemy uznaje za pojęcia istotne dla samoidentyfikacji. Zakładając, że tożsamość ma postać narracyjną, uważa, że kulturem KRESY może mieć istotny wpływ na kształtowanie tożsamości ludzi związanych z ziemiami leżącymi na wschodzie II Rzeczpospolitej, czyli Kresami Wschodnimi. Analizie poddaje trzy teksty historii mówionej ze zbiorów własnych. Ujawnia się w nich silny związek obrazu KRESÓW z polskim domem (szczególnie dworem) i zakorzenienie tożsamości Kresowiaków w tradycjach narodowowyzwoleńczych (szczególnie powstania styczniowego). Obraz KRESÓW cechuje pewna idealizacja, przedstawiane są jako miejsce pokojowej koegzystencji licznych narodów i kultur. Obraz KRESÓW ulega zmianie w czasie. Po wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej to miejsce bezprawia, po powstaniu Korpusu Ochrony Pogranicza – pokoju. II wojna światowa stanowi cezurę, od której datuje się koniec polskich Kresów.
"Język polski na Kresach" Janusza Riegera na tle badań nad polszczyzną kresową po roku 2015
Authors: Konczewska Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

Język polski na Kresach [Polish Language in the Eastern Borderlands] by Janusz Rieger Against the Background of Research on Borderland Polish After 2015This article presents the state of research in the field of studies on Borderland Polish after 2015. The author provides an overview of selected publications which concern the situation of the Polish language in Belarus, Lithuania, Ukraine and in the borderlands, discusses the issues and research problems they consider, and outlines the main areas of research. The article focuses on the contribution of Janusz Rieger to this field of study and on his latest monograph: Język polski na Kresach [The Polish Language in the Eastern Borderlands], published in 2019 Język polski na Kresach Janusza Riegera na tle badań nad polszczyzną kresową po roku 2015Artykuł przedstawia stan badań nad polszczyzną kresową po 2015 roku. Autorka dokonuje przeglądu wybranych pozycji traktujących o języku polskim na Litwie, Białorusi i Ukrainie oraz pograniczach, omawia przedstawione w publikacjach problemy i wątki badawcze, prezentuje kierunki eksploracji. Oddzielna uwaga została poświęcona dokonaniom w dziedzinie badań nad polszczyzną kresową Janusza Riegera, a także jego najnowszej monografii z 2019 roku pt. Język polski na Kresach.
Ugrofinizmy w języku jaćwieskim
Authors: Witczak Krzysztof Tomasz
Published: December 2020

Finno-Ugric Borrowings in YatvingianThis paper considers 15 Yatvingian words suspected of being borrowed from a Finno-Ugric source. The hypothesis is rejected in the case of five lexical units, while two further proposals are considered uncertain. The following words are verified as Finno-Ugricisms: Yatv. aiga ‘end’ (← Balto-Finnic *akja ‘id.’); Yatv. ajki ‘time’ (← BF. *ajka ‘id.’); Yatv. fała ‘meat’ (← FU. *pala ‘bite; to eat’); Yatv. ławe ‘boat’ (← FU. *lajwa ‘boat, canoe’); Yatv. sini pl. ‘mushrooms’ (← BF. *sēne ‘mushroom’ < FU. *śänä ‘bracket fungus’); Yatv. tuolis ‘devil’ (← FU. *tule ‘fire’); Yatv. wa[g] ‘it is necessary’ (← BF. *wajakз ‘id.’); Yatv. wał ‘was’ (← FU. *wol- ‘was’). Ugrofinizmy w języku jaćwieskimW niniejszej pracy omówiono 15 jaćwieskich wyrazów, podejrzanych o zapożyczenie ze źródła ugrofińskiego. Stanowczo odrzucono 5 jednostek leksykalnych. Dwie propozycje uznano za niepewne. Do prawdopodobnych ugrofinizmów zaliczono następujące wyrazy: jaćw. aiga ‘koniec’ (← bfi. *akja ‘ts.’); jaćw. ajki ‘czas’ (← bfi. *ajka ‘ts.’); jaćw. fała ‘mięso’ (← ugrofi. *pala ‘kąsek; jeść’); jaćw. ławe ‘łódź’ (← ugrofi. *lajwa ‘łódź, czółno’); jaćw. sini pl. ‘grzyby’ (← bfi. *sēne ‘grzyb’ < ugrofi. *śänä ‘huba, grzyb drzewny’); jaćw. tuolis ‘diabeł’ (← ugrofi. *tule ‘ogień’); jaćw. wa[g] ‘trzeba’ (← bfi. *wajakз ‘ts.’); jaćw. wał ‘było’ (← ugrofi. *wol- ‘był’).
Czasopismo „Acta Baltico-Slavica”: ponad pół wieku badań nad pograniczem bałtycko-słowiańskim
Authors: Duszkin Maksim
Published: December 2020

The Journal Acta Baltico-Slavica: Over Half a Century of Research on the Balto-Slavic BorderlandIn 2019, fifty-five years have passed since the publication of the first volume of Acta Baltico-Slavica. The article presents the history of the journal, including the most important changes in the editorial team, the concept and the content (volumes 1–43) which took place over the years.  Czasopismo „Acta Baltico-Slavica”: ponad pół wieku badań nad pograniczem bałtycko-słowiańskimW 2019 roku minęło 55 lat od momentu ukazania się pierwszego tomu „Acta Baltico-Slavica”. W artykule przedstawiono historię czasopisma i omówiono najważniejsze zmiany w składzie redakcji, koncepcji i zawartości pisma (t. 1–43), które dokonały się w różnych okresach wydawania tego rocznika.
Pure and Hybrid Deep Learning Models can Predict Pathologic Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Pilot Study
Authors: Watson Michael D. , Baimas-George Maria R. , Murphy Keith J. , Pickens Ryan C. , Iannitti David A. , Martinie John B. , Baker Erin H. , Vrochides Dionisios , Ocuin Lee M.
Published: December 2020

Background

Neoadjuvant therapy may improve survival of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma; however, determining response to therapy is difficult. Artificial intelligence allows for novel analysis of images. We hypothesized that a deep learning model can predict tumor response to NAC.

Methods

Patients with pancreatic cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy prior to pancreatoduodenectomy were identified between November 2009 and January 2018. The College of American Pathologists Tumor Regression Grades 0-2 were defined as pathologic response (PR) and grade 3 as no response (NR). Axial images from preoperative computed tomography scans were used to create a 5-layer convolutional neural network and LeNet deep learning model to predict PRs. The hybrid model incorporated decrease in carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) of 10%. Accuracy was determined by area under the curve.

Results

A total of 81 patients were included in the study. Patients were divided between PR (333 images) and NR (443 images). The pure model had an area under the curve (AUC) of .738 ( P < .001), whereas the hybrid model had an AUC of .785 ( P < .001). CA19-9 decrease alone was a poor predictor of response with an AUC of .564 ( P = .096).

Conclusions

A deep learning model can predict pathologic tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and the model is improved with the incorporation of decreases in serum CA19-9. Further model development is needed before clinical application.
“Finding a General Surgeon: Self-Referral in the Digital Era”
Authors: Gentry Zachary L. , Ananthasekar Shivani , Chen Herbert , Fazendin Jessica M.
Published: December 2020

Background

As technology becomes more prominent in today’s society, more patients turn to the Internet to self-refer for a range of surgical problems. Frequently, patients search a nearby hospital’s website in order to find a physician. We hypothesized that the variability in hospital websites would make it difficult for patients to find a general surgeon for their care.

Methods

We used the US News and World Report’s Hospital Rankings 2018-2019 for this study. The “Find A Doctor” page within each hospital’s website was searched for the following conditions: “hernia” and “gallbladder.” Information on all suggested providers was collected, including medical specialty and gender. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results

The median number of providers listed in each search was 18 (range: 1-204). For “hernia,” general surgeons were not the majority of providers suggested at 12/16 institutions. For “gallbladder,” general surgeons were not the majority of providers suggested at 14/16 institutions, and 3/16 institutions did not suggest any. All 16 institutions suggested a strong majority of male providers (range: 62-100% male; median: 83% male).

Discussion

Considerable variation exists in the suggestion of medical providers for common general surgical problems among the top academic hospitals. Most notably, general surgeons are not listed as the primary providers for these conditions which they commonly manage. Health systems need to examine how their website suggest providers and ensure that patients can easily find the physician most suitable for their care.
Regional, Racial, and Mortality Disparities Associated With Neurosurgeon Staffing at Level I Trauma Centers
Authors: Homo Richelle L. , Grigorian Areg , Chen Jefferson , Figueroa Cesar , Chin Theresa , Kuza Catherine M. , Lekawa Michael , Nahmias Jeffry
Published: December 2020

Background

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in approximately 30% of trauma patients. Because neurosurgeons hold expertise in treating TBI, increased neurosurgical staffing may improve patient outcomes. We hypothesized that TBI patients treated at level I trauma centers (L1TCs) with ≥3 neurosurgeons have a decreased risk of mortality vs. those treated at L1TCs with <3 neurosurgeons.

Methods

The Trauma Quality Improvement Program database (2010-2016) was queried for patients ≥18 years with TBI. Patient characteristics and mortality were compared between ≥3 and <3 neurosurgeon-staffed L1TCs. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with mortality.

Results

Traumatic brain injury occurred in 243 438 patients with 5188 (2%) presenting to L1TCs with <3 neurosurgeons and 238 250 (98%) to L1TCs with ≥3 neurosurgeons. Median injury severity score (ISS) was similar between both groups (17, P = .09). There were more Black (37% vs. 12%, P < .001) and Hispanic (18% vs. 12%, P < .001) patients in the <3 neurosurgeon group. Nearly 60% of L1TCs with <3 neurosurgeons are found in the South. Mortality was higher in the <3 vs. the ≥3 group (12% vs. 10%, P < .001). Patients treated in the <3 neurosurgeon group had a higher risk for mortality than those treated in the ≥3 neurosurgeon group (odds ratio (OR) 1.13, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.01-1.26, P = .028).

Discussion

There exists a significant racial disparity in access to neurosurgeon staffing with additional disparities in outcomes based on staffing. Future efforts are needed to improve this chasm of care that exists for trauma patients of color.
Research methodology practices among postgraduate Information Studies students in Tanzania
Authors: Ndenje-Sichalwe Esther , Elia Emmanuel Frank
Published: December 2020

This bibliometric study investigates the research methodology practices of Master of Arts in Information Studies (MAIS) students at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study established students’ insufficient understanding and application of research methodology concepts. Survey research was predominant, with purposive and convenience non-probability sampling methods being extensively used. Simple random sampling and stratified sampling were the probability sampling methods highly used. Findings further show advanced qualitative and quantitative data analyses were inadequately applied. In practice, the study findings can help Library and Information Science institutions around the globe improve teaching research methodology to produce quality theses with logical conclusions which can develop new theories. Quality theses can translate into increased quantity and quality of journal articles and growth of the Library and Information Science discipline. Thus, there is a need to strengthen research methodology training for students and lecturers to generate generalizable findings that meet diverse needs.
A novel route to improve the mechanical and rheological properties of HTPE/AP/Al propellant by adding a modified hyperbranched polyester
Authors: Wen Xiaomu , Zhang Ximing , Chen Keke , Luo Yunjun
Published: December 2020

Both better mechanical and rheological properties are pursued for composite solid propellant. In this work, varying proportions of a modified hyperbranched polyester (MHBPE) were added to HTPE/AP/Al propellant. The static tensile property as one kind of mechanical properties of MHBPE/HTPE/AP/Al propellant were found to be superior to those of blank HTPE/AP/Al propellant as a result of the entanglement and interpenetration of molecular chains caused by the introduction of the hyperbranched structure. Evaluations on the related improved creep resistance and stress relaxation performance further demonstrated the advantages of introduction of MHBPE to HTPE/AP/Al propellant. Rheological properties of HTPE/AP/Al propellant with and without MHBPE during the casting process were investigated and compared and the results confirmed the improvement benefiting from low viscosity and loose void structure. Thus, modified hyperbranched polyester provided a novel route to potentially meet the requirements for propellant manufacturing and applications.
Thermal analysis of polymer blends and double layer by DSC
Authors: Saxena Pooja , Shukla Prashant , Gaur MS
Published: December 2020

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is considered one of the most adaptable thermal analysis characterization techniques. It can be applied to polymers and their blends, composites, multilayer to study various thermodynamic processes like glass transition temperature (Tg), specific heat capacity and other related kinetic properties and also clarify the material structure, morphology and crystallinity of polymers. In the present paper we have reported thermal analysis of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Polysulfone (PSF), PVDF-PSF blend and PVDF-PMMA double-layer samples using DSC technique. Attempts have been made to calculate the Tg and interpret the corresponding changes that have been observed on blending PVDF with PSF and double-layer formation with PMMA. Blending of PVDF with PSF results the change in Tg of PSF and the occurrence of a single peak confirms the proper miscibility of the two polymers. DSC plot of double layer also proved to be in confirmation about the formation of PVDF-PMMA double layer and demonstrated a significant change in its thermal behavior.
Clinical and Demographical Characteristics of Cleft Lip and/or Palate in the Northwest of Iran: An Analysis of 1500 Patients
Authors: Galeh Sima Dabbaghi , Nouri-Vaskeh Masoud , Alipour Mahdieh , Fakhim Shahin Abdollahi
Published: December 2020

Objective:

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) can occur as an isolated defect or as a manifestation of other syndromes. The current study aimed to evaluate demographic characteristics and distribution of different types of accompanying anomalies for OFCs in the northwest of Iran.

Design:

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

Tertiary pediatric hospital.

Patients and Participants:

This study was conducted on 1500 cleft lip and/or palate patients born between July 2010 and June 2020 in the northwest of Iran.

Main Outcome Measures:

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the children with OFCs including familial history, accompanying anomalies and syndromes, maternal passive smoking, mothers’ and fathers’ age, consanguineous marriage, and birth order.

Results:

Among 1500 patients, 441 had cleft lip, 615 had cleft palate, and 444 had cleft lip and palate. The positive family history of OFCs was found to be 20.9% to 25.4% depending on the cleft type. Accompanying anomalies were identified in 29.8% of cases. Cardiac, facial, and ear abnormalities were the most common types. Also, 2.9% were identified with syndromes and sequences. These included Pierre Robin Sequence, Velo-cardio-facial syndrome, and Down syndrome most frequently.

Conclusion:

These findings may provide references for appropriate resources to establish and direct counseling and primary preventive projects in the northwest of Iran.
Quantification of Bilateral Coronal Synostosis: Anterior Brachycephaly
Authors: Kronig Otto D. M. , Kronig Sophia A. J. , Van Adrichem Léon N. A.
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

Very few studies focus on the quantification of severity of synostotic anterior brachycephaly. Aim of this study is to implement Utrecht Cranial Shape Quantifier (UCSQ) in brachycephaly patients to objectively quantify severity for both clinical and research purposes.

Design:

Retrospective study.

Setting:

Primary craniofacial center.

Patients and Participants:

Fifteen preoperative patients with bilateral coronal craniosynostosis (age <1.5 years).

Intervention:

Utrecht Cranial Shape Quantifier was used to quantify severity using the variables: width of frontal peak ratio, difference forehead peak and occiput peak, and width between sides of the head.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

The UCSQ variables were combined and related to Argenta clinical classification and cephalic index (CI) using 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). All parameters were derived from computed tomography scans.

Results:

Statistically significant differences were found between group means of UCSQ in the 3 categories of Argenta (ANOVA; F(2,12) = 22.461; P < .01). Tukey post hoc test showed a significant difference between Argenta types 1 and 2, types 1 and 3, and types 2 and 3 (all P < .01). Statistically significant differences were found between traditional CI and Argenta types ( F(2,12) = 4.956; P = .03). Tukey post hoc test showed significantly difference between Argenta type 1 and 3 ( P = .02). No differences were found between other types. Low correlation was found between UCSQ and CI ( r = 0.47).

Conclusions:

Utrecht Cranial Shape Quantifier objectively captures and quantifies the shape of synostotic brachycephaly, and we therefore developed a suitable method to put severity of synostotic (anterior) brachycephaly into numbers.
The Benefit of Focusing on Air Pollution Instead of Climate Change: How Discussing Power Plant Emissions in the Context of Air Pollution, Rather than Climate Change, Influences Perceived Benefits, Costs, and Political Action for Policies to Limit Emissions
Authors: Hart P. Sol , Feldman Lauren
Published: December 2020

This experiment examines how framing power plant emissions in terms of air pollution or climate change, and in terms of health or environmental impacts, influences perceived benefits and costs of policies to reduce emissions and intentions to take political action that supports such policies. A moderated-mediation model reveals that focusing on air pollution, instead of climate change, has a positive significant indirect influence on intended political action through the serial mediators of perceived benefits and costs. Political ideology moderates the association between perceived benefits and political action. No framing effects are observed in the comparison between health and environmental impacts.
We are “the Resistance”: Predictors and consequences of self-categorization into the emerging movement to oppose Trump
Authors: Freel Samuel , Bilali Rezarta , Godfrey Erin
Published: December 2020

In a three-wave longitudinal study conducted in the first 100 days of Trump’s presidency, this paper examines how people come to self-categorize into the emerging social movement “the Resistance,” and how self-categorization into this movement influences future participation in collective action and perceptions of the movement’s efficacy. Conventional collective action (e.g., protest, lobby legislators)—but not persuasive collective action (e.g., posting on social media)—and perceived identity consolidation efficacy of the movement at Wave 1 predicted a higher likelihood of self-categorization into the movement 1 month later (Wave 2) and 2 months later (Wave 3). Self-categorization into the Resistance predicted two types of higher subsequent movement efficacy perceptions, and helped sustain the effects of conventional collective action and movement efficacy beliefs at Wave 1 on efficacy beliefs at Wave 3. Implications for theory and future research on emerging social movements are discussed.
Protectionism and rapprochement in Turkish higher music education: An analysis of the mission and vision statements of conservatoires and university music departments in the republic of Turkey
Authors: Parkinson Tom , Muslu Gardner Olcay
Published: December 2020

Music education institutions have played a prominent role in mediating national identity in the Republic of Turkey since its founding in 1923. Initially tasked with suppressing Ottoman heritage, their nature and status changed with the ascendance of political Islam, when interest in Turkey’s Ottoman past grew and the Western aesthetics of the founding elite were increasingly contested. While music education continues to be a site of national identity construction in Turkey, no studies focus on the ideological climate of music education in the era of the Justice and Development Party, who have heralded a ‘New Turkey’ rooted in conservative Islam. We explore the discursive terrain of Turkish music education by analysing the mission and vision statements and other website texts of 71 conservatoires and music departments. Our findings reveal protectionist attitudes towards repertoires and traditions associated with competing nationalist visions, but also an emergent, reconciliatory structure of feeling and advocacy for pluralism.
“What Is This, the Seventies?” Spectres of the Past (and the Future) in Recent Northern Irish Television
Authors: Coulter Colin
Published: December 2020

For all the gains made during its celebrated peace process, Northern Ireland remains haunted by a conflict that claimed more than 3,700 lives. One of the spaces in which the ghosts of the past manifest themselves is that of television drama. In this article, Mark Fisher’s reading of “hauntology” provides the theoretical frame for an analysis of two recent TV series set in Northern Ireland: The Fall and Derry Girls. Although the programs could not be more different in both tone and content, they both illustrate sharply that the region remains, in John Hewitt’s indelible phrase, a “ghost-haunted land.” In particular, The Fall and Derry Girls reveal that Northern Ireland continues to be deeply troubled both by those who were lost during the conflict and by that which was lost in the transition to peace.
What lies beneath resilience: Analyzing the affective-relational basis of shared leadership in the Chilean miners’ catastrophe
Authors: Sanfuentes Matías , Valenzuela Francisco , Castillo Alejandro
Published: December 2020

This article addresses how shared forms of leadership can activate resilient organizing to cope with catastrophic events by examining the case of the 33 Chilean miners’ rescue who survived confinement at 600 m below ground for 69 days. Qualitative analysis of interview and document data reveals how the miners as a group engaged in the sharing of agency vis-a-vis the task of absorbing strain and anxiety, thus enabling a sophisticated work capacity and a constructive relational dynamic. The miners’ resilient capabilities emerged from the activation of collective resources in three distinct yet complementary modes of interaction: self-organization, collaboration, and mutual caring. Our empirical findings indicate that the distribution of agency becomes essential for the promotion of both collective sensemaking and emotional containment in contexts of crisis. By accounting for such affective-relational underpinning of the sharing of leadership, this article contributes a more nuanced understanding of crisis management and the organization of positive, constructive responses to adversity, breakdown, and conflict.
Semantic Congruency Modulates the Effect of Attentional Load on the Audiovisual Integration of Animate Images and Sounds
Authors: Li Qingqing , Wu Qiong , Yu Yiyang , Wu Fengxia , Takahashi Satoshi , Ejima Yoshimichi , Yang Jiajia , Wu Jinglong
Published: December 2020

Attentional processes play a complex and multifaceted role in the integration of input from different sensory modalities. However, whether increased attentional load disrupts the audiovisual (AV) integration of common objects that involve semantic content remains unclear. Furthermore, knowledge regarding how semantic congruency interacts with attentional load to influence the AV integration of common objects is limited. We investigated these questions by examining AV integration under various attentional-load conditions. AV integration was assessed by adopting an animal identification task using unisensory (animal images and sounds) and AV stimuli (semantically congruent AV objects and semantically incongruent AV objects), while attentional load was manipulated by using a rapid serial visual presentation task. Our results indicate that attentional load did not attenuate the integration of semantically congruent AV objects. However, semantically incongruent animal sounds and images were not integrated (as there was no multisensory facilitation), and the interference effect produced by the semantically incongruent AV objects was reduced by increased attentional-load manipulations. These findings highlight the critical role of semantic congruency in modulating the effect of attentional load on the AV integration of common objects.
A rare case of traumatic proximal corpus cavernosal fracture that presented only with perineal haematoma
Authors: Kyriazis Grigorios , Babu Asrit , Smith Nicholas , Youssef Fady
Published: December 2020

We report a rare case of traumatic proximal corpus cavernosal tear following sexual intercourse that presented only with perineal haematoma and represents only the third reported similar case. The patient underwent a magnetic resonance imaging scan of the pelvis and penis due to the atypical presentation and was subsequently taken to theatre for exploration and repair of the injury. Although uncommon, clinicians should be aware of this clinical condition, as early recognition with early surgical treatment can potentially decrease the incidence of late complications of fibrosis, angulation and impotence.
Contact Heterogeneity as a Mediator of the Relationship between Social Class and Altruistic Giving
Authors: Tutić Andreas , Liebe Ulf
Published: December 2020

Research on the relationship between social class and altruistic giving has provided inconsistent evidence. Using the dictator game, in which one participant is endowed with a certain amount of money and has to allocate this amount between herself and another individual, several studies found that higher-class actors have a lower tendency toward altruistic giving than lower-class actors; other studies found the opposite pattern. We show that social class has a positive effect on altruistic giving in the dictator game with a sizeable sample of residents of the United States using both an objective measure of social class—that is, a composite of income, education, and occupational prestige—and a subjective measure. Shedding more light on the mechanisms underlying the positive effect of social class, it is demonstrated that class affects altruistic giving not so much by differences in empathic concern but by differences in the marginal utility of money and contact heterogeneity. It is argued that the latter effect can be derived from Collins’s theory of interaction rituals and class cultures.
A research on an intelligent recognition tool for bronze inscriptions of the Shang and Zhou dynasties
Authors: Guo Rui
Published: December 2020

The intelligent recognition tool for bronze inscriptions of the Shang and Zhou dynasties—the “Shang Zhou Bronze Inscriptions Intelligent Mirror”—was successfully invented in Shanghai. This mirror, based on the computer technology of artificial intelligence (AI) image recognition and image retrieval, succeeds in automagical recognition of bronze inscriptions, both single letters and full texts. This research leads the trend of the AI recognition of Ancient Chinese characters and accumulates valuable experience for the development of inter-disciplinary research on Chinese character recognition. This essay emphasizes the importance of the bronze inscriptions of the Shang and Zhou dynasty database in the AI recognition of bronze inscriptions, introduces the functional components of this tool, and shares the whole research process in order to offer experience for the related research on AI recognition of other types of Ancient Chinese characters as well as ideographs in the world scope.

“Shang Zhou Bronze Inscriptions Intelligent Mirror” as a tool for bronze inscription recognition also has room for improvement and support, and guidance from experts in similar areas is greatly welcomed.
Somatic GATA2 mutations define a subgroup of myeloid malignancy patients at high risk for invasive fungal disease
Authors: Vedula Rahul S. , Cheng Matthew P. , Ronayne Christine E. , Farmakiotis Dimitrios , Ho Vincent T. , Koo Sophia , Marty Francisco M. , Lindsley R. Coleman , Bold Tyler D.
Published: December 2020

Invasive fungal disease (IFD) can be a severe treatment complication in patients with myeloid malignancies, but current risk models do not incorporate disease-specific factors, such as somatic gene mutations. Germline GATA2 deficiency is associated with a susceptibility to IFD. To determine whether myeloid gene mutations were associated with IFD risk, we identified 2 complementary cohorts of patients with myeloid malignancy, based on (1) the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA), or (2) the presence of GATA2 mutations identified during standard clinical sequencing. We found somatic GATA2 mutations in 5 of 27 consecutive patients who had myeloid malignancy and developed IA. Among 51 consecutive patients with GATA2 mutations identified in the evaluation of myeloid malignancy, we found that IFD was diagnosed and treated in 21 (41%), all of whom had received chemotherapy or had undergone an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Pulmonary infections and disseminated candidiasis were most common. The 90-day mortality was 52% among patients with IFD. Our results indicate that patients with somatic GATA2 mutations are a vulnerable subgroup of patients with myeloid malignancy who have high risk for treatment-associated IFD and suggest that a focused approach to antifungal prophylaxis be considered.
Buckling and snapping of a thin polymeric membrane exposed to a solvent drop
Authors: Samy R. A. , Satpathi N. S. , Sen A. K.
Published: December 2020

We report the behavior of a thin and flat rectangular polymeric membrane, fixed at both ends, in contact with a solvent droplet. Depending on the solvent type and volume, and membrane thickness, three different regimes —no buckling, buckling, and snapping— are observed. Our study reveals that the behavior depends on the solubility parameter of the solvent and the ratio of the sum of swelling-induced force and capillary force to the elastic restoring force, i.e., the force ratio. We attempt to explain the phenomenon using the poroelastic and elastic recoil timescales. Using correlations from simple scaling, our model can estimate the maximum force ratio in terms of known quantities and predict the operating regime and maximum deflection. We expect our study will find significance in the design and analysis of systems involving flexible microbeams.
The effects of heterogeneous confidence on cooperation in spatial prisoner's dilemma game
Authors: He Guipeng , Zhang Liming , Huang Changwei , Li Haihong , Dai Qionglin , Yang Junzhong
Published: December 2020

Confidence, which characterizes the feeling when people evaluate something, could influence their choices or behaviors significantly. Under the framework of evolutionary game theory, Szolnoki and Chen (Phys. Rev. E,98(2018) 022309) found that, both underconfident and overconfident individuals can promote cooperation in the population. In their work, underconfident and overconfident individuals are both assumed to have homogeneous confidence levels and the confidence levels remain unchanged during the whole evolutionary process. As a direct extension, in this work, we treat confidence level as an attribute of the individuals and assign each one a confidence level, which may be static or time-varied. The effects of heterogeneous confidence on cooperation in evolutionary games are investigated and two different cases are considered. For the static case, we assume that individuals' confidence levels are drawn from a uniform distribution in a certain interval. Whereas, for the time-varied case, the confidence levels of individuals can coevolve with the strategies. By numerical simulation, we find that the static heterogeneous confidence can enhance cooperation when the parameters of distribution satisfy certain conditions. Some analytic explanations based on the observations of strategy configurations among the population are provided. Furthermore, when individuals' confidence levels are allowed to coevolve with their strategies during the evolutionary dynamics, cooperation could be significantly improved. We also find that there exists an optimal increment for the confidence level which leads to the highest cooperation level.
Intrinsic piezoelectricity in monolayer MSi2N4 (M = Mo, W, Cr, Ti, Zr and Hf)
Authors: Guo San-Dong , Zhu Yu-Tong , Mu Wen-Qi , Ren Wen-Cai
Published: December 2020

Motived by experimentally synthesized

(Hong Y. L. et al., Science, 369 (2020) 670), the intrinsic piezoelectricity in monolayer

(

, W, Cr, Ti, Zr and Hf) are studied by density functional theory (DFT). Among the six monolayers,

has the best piezoelectric strain coefficient d
11 of 1.24 pm/V, and the second is 1.15 pm/V for

. Taking

as a example, strain engineering is applied to improve d
11. It is found that tensile biaxial strain can enhance d
11 of

, and the d
11 at 4% strain can improve by 107% with respect to the unstrained one. By replacing the N by P or As in

, the d
11 can be raised substantially. For

and

, the d
11 is as high as 4.93 pm/V and 6.23 pm/V, which is mainly due to smaller

and very small minus or positive ionic contribution to piezoelectric stress coefficient e
11 with respect to

. The discovery of this piezoelectricity in monolayer

enables active sensing, actuating and new electronic components for nanoscale devices, and is recommended for experimental exploration.
Two Cases of anti–PIT-1 Hypophysitis Exhibited as a Form of Paraneoplastic Syndrome not Associated With Thymoma
Authors: Kanie Keitaro , Iguchi Genzo , Inuzuka Megumi , Sakaki Kentaro , Bando Hironori , Urai Shin , Shichi Hiroki , Fujita Yasunori , Matsumoto Ryusaku , Suda Kentaro , Yamamoto Masaaki , Fukuoka Hidenori , Taniguchi Takao , Ogawa Wataru , Takahashi Yutaka
Published: December 2020

Anti–pituitary-specific transcription factor 1 (PIT-1) hypophysitis (anti–PIT-1 antibody syndrome) is a thymoma-associated autoimmune disease characterized by acquired growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and thyrotropin (TSH) deficiencies due to autoimmunity against PIT-1. Ectopic expression of PIT-1 in the thymoma plays a causal role in development of the disease. Here, we report 2 cases of anti–PIT-1 hypophysitis exhibiting as a form of paraneoplastic syndrome with conditions other than thymoma. A 79-year-old woman (case 1) and an 86-year-old man (case 2) were referred with a suspicion of anti–PIT-1 hypophysitis because of acquired GH, PRL, and TSH deficiencies. Case 1 was complicated by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the bladder and case 2 was diagnosed with malignancy with multiple metastases of unknown origin. Because circulating anti–PIT-1 antibody was detected, both patients were diagnosed with anti–PIT-1 hypophysitis. Circulating PIT-1–reactive T cells were detected in case 1 via enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. Interestingly, the PIT-1 protein was ectopically expressed in the DLBCL cells of case 1, whereas DLBCL tissues derived from patients without anti–PIT-1 hypophysitis were negative for PIT-1. In case 2, the materials were not available because of best supportive care was under way. These data show that anti–PIT-1 hypophysitis is associated not only with thymoma but also with other malignancies. Additionally, the ectopic expression of PIT-1 in the DLBCL tissues and presence of PIT-1–reactive T cells suggested that the underlying mechanisms were similar to those observed in thymoma. Thus, anti–PIT-1 hypophysitis is defined as a form of paraneoplastic syndrome.