bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La filosofia de la teoria quàntica
Authors: Picó Vicent
Published: December 2022

The philosophy of quantum theory
Resumen: La teoria quàntica representa una de les fites més importants de la història de la ciència del segle XX, tant pel que fa a les seues implicacions teòriques i tecnològiques com pel que fa als problemes conceptuals que planteja la seua interpretació. Aquest article constitueix una revisió de les propostes interpretatives del formalisme quàntic d’ençà que la teoria es va axiomatitzar a les acaballes de la dècada dels anys 20 del segle passat. Aquestes propostes incideixen en problemes filosòfics com la no-localitat, l’indeterminisme, la probabilitat o el realisme científic, per a cadascun dels quals s’ofereix una resposta temptativa a partir de la interpretació del formalisme corresponent.
Abstract: Quantum theory represents one of the most important milestones in the history of science in the 20th century, both in terms of its theoretical and technological implications and in terms of the conceptual problems posed by its interpretation. This article constitutes a review of the interpretive proposals of the quantum formalism since the theory was axiomatized at the end of the decade of the 20s of the last century. These proposals rise philosophical problems such as non-locality, indeterminism, probability or scientific realism, for each of which a tentative answer is offered based on the interpretation of the corresponding formalism.
Palabras clave: Teoria quàntica, problema de la mesura, variables ocultes, molts mons, col.lapse objectiu.
Keywords: Quantum theory, measurement problem, hidden variables, many worlds, objective collapse.
Carotid cavernous fistula: Redefining the angioarchitecture
Authors: Mishra Keshav , Kumar Vivek , Vinay  , Gandhi Ashok , Srivastava Trilochan
Published: December 2022

Objective: Numerous classification schemes have been used for carotid cavernous fistula (CCF), each describing some aspect of the disease process but none of them provides a complete description of the fistula including its clinical features, natural history, arterial and venous architecture.Methods: Retrospective clinical and radiological review was done for all the patients diagnosed with CCF and treated at our institute. The CCF were classified according to the proposed API-ACE classification along with Barrow and Thomas classification.Results: Overall 28 patients (M=21, F=7) were diagnosed and treated during the 6-year period. 89.2% of CCF developed following an episode of head injury. Orbital symptoms were the most common presenting complaints. Barrows type A was the most predominant subtype (n=24) and most of the patients (n=23) demonstrated decreased ipsilateral carotid filling. Combined anterior and posterior drainage pattern was the most common drainage pattern and anterior drainage was more commonly observed than posterior drainage.Conclusions: API-ACE classification helps to better understand and classify the angioarchitecture of CCF which could help better understand the clinical manifestations and guide in appropriate endovascular approach selection for treatment.
The Resident-Run Clinic in Podiatric Medical Foot and Ankle Surgery Residency Training: A Study of Resident-Perceived Benefit
Authors: Bischoff Alex J. , Stone Ryan , Dao Tung , Thomas Randall , Quisno Amanda , Faherty Mallory
Published: December 2022

Background: Resident-run clinics provide autonomy and skill development for resident physicians. Many residency programs have such a clinic. No study has been performed investigating the effectiveness of these clinics in podiatric medical residency training. The purpose of this study was to gauge the resident physician–perceived benefit of such a clinic.

Methods: A survey examining aspects of a resident-run clinic and resident clinical performance was distributed to all Doctor of Podiatric Medicine residency programs recognized by the Council on Podiatric Medical Education. To be included, a program must have had a contact e-mail listed in the Central Application Service for Podiatric Residencies residency contact directory; 208 residency programs met the criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using independent-samples t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests and χ2 tests. Significance was set a priori at P < .05.

Results: Of 97 residents included, 58 (59.79%) had a resident-run clinic. Of those, 89.66% of residents stated they liked having such a clinic, and 53.85% of those without a resident-run clinic stated they would like to have one. No statistically significant differences were noted between groups in how many patients each resident felt they could manage per hour or regarding their level of confidence in the following clinical scenarios: billing, coding, writing a note, placing orders, conversing with a patient, working with staff, diagnosing and treating basic pathology, and diagnosing and treating unique pathology.

Conclusions: Resident-run clinics provide autonomy and skill development for podiatric medical residents. This preliminary study found there was no difference in resident-perceived benefit of such a clinic. Further research is needed to understand the utility of a resident-run clinic in podiatric medical residency training.
Retinoic acid-gated BDNF synthesis in neuronal dendrites drives presynaptic homeostatic plasticity
Authors: Thapliyal Shruti , Arendt Kristin L , Lau Anthony G , Chen Lu
Published: December 2022

Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a non-Hebbian synaptic mechanism that adjusts synaptic strength to maintain network stability while achieving optimal information processing. Among the molecular mediators shown to regulate this form of plasticity, synaptic signaling through retinoic acid (RA) and its receptor, RARα, has been shown to be critically involved in the homeostatic adjustment of synaptic transmission in both hippocampus and sensory cortices. In this study, we explore the molecular mechanism through which postsynaptic RA and RARα regulates presynaptic neurotransmitter release during prolonged synaptic inactivity at mouse glutamatertic synapses. We show that RARα binds to a subset of dendritically sorted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA splice isoforms and represses their translation. The RA-mediated translational de-repression of postsynaptic BDNF results in the retrograde activation of presynaptic tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptors, facilitating presynaptic homeostatic compensation through enhanced presynaptic release. Together, our study illustrates an RA-mediated retrograde synaptic signaling pathway through which postsynaptic protein synthesis during synaptic inactivity drives compensatory changes at the presynaptic site.
Homeostatic regulation through strengthening of neuronal network-correlated synaptic inputs
Authors: Barnes Samuel J , Keller Georg B , Keck Tara
Published: December 2022

Homeostatic regulation is essential for stable neuronal function. Several synaptic mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity have been described, but the functional properties of synapses involved in homeostasis are unknown. We used longitudinal two-photon functional imaging of dendritic spine calcium signals in visual and retrosplenial cortices of awake adult mice to quantify the sensory deprivation-induced changes in the responses of functionally identified spines. We found that spines whose activity selectively correlated with intrinsic network activity underwent tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-dependent homeostatic increases in their response amplitudes, but spines identified as responsive to sensory stimulation did not. We observed an increase in the global sensory-evoked responses following sensory deprivation, despite the fact that the identified sensory inputs did not strengthen. Instead, global sensory-evoked responses correlated with the strength of network-correlated inputs. Our results suggest that homeostatic regulation of global responses is mediated through changes to intrinsic network-correlated inputs rather than changes to identified sensory inputs thought to drive sensory processing.
Piezo1 as a force-through-membrane sensor in red blood cells
Authors: Vaisey George , Banerjee Priyam , North Alison J , Haselwandter Christoph A , MacKinnon Roderick
Published: December 2022

Piezo1 is the stretch activated Ca2+ channel in red blood cells that mediates homeostatic volume control. Here, we study the organization of Piezo1 in red blood cells using a combination of super-resolution microscopy techniques and electron microscopy. Piezo1 adopts a non-uniform distribution on the red blood cell surface, with a bias toward the biconcave ‘dimple’. Trajectories of diffusing Piezo1 molecules, which exhibit confined Brownian diffusion on short timescales and hopping on long timescales, also reflect a bias toward the dimple. This bias can be explained by ‘curvature coupling’ between the intrinsic curvature of the Piezo dome and the curvature of the red blood cell membrane. Piezo1 does not form clusters with itself, nor does it colocalize with F-actin, Spectrin, or the Gardos channel. Thus, Piezo1 exhibits the properties of a force-through-membrane sensor of curvature and lateral tension in the red blood cell.
Demokratiska innovationer ur ett språkminoritets perspektiv: fördjupas eller försvagas demokratin?
Authors: Kestilä-Kekkonen Elina , Korvela Paul-Erik , Vento Isak
Published: December 2022

Denna forskningsartikel undersöker hur nya kanaler för deltagande påverkar finlandssvenskarnas möjligheter till politiskt deltagande. Vår hypotes är att eftersom de nya formerna för deltagande i Finland till stor del är utformade på finskspråkigas villkor ger de svenskspråkiga mindre möjligheter att påverka än finskspråkiga och försvagar därmed relativt sett de svenskspråkigas politiska inflytande. I artikeln fokuserar vi på medborgarinitiativet i Finland. Vi lägger fram fallet som en del av den bredare debatten om pluralistisk makt i den moderna liberala demokratin, det vill säga en fråga som tangerar dilemmat med mångfald och förutsättningarna för olika grupper att påverka. Utgångspunkten är att forskningen på demokratiska innovationer inte i tillräcklig grad uppmärksammat det specifika med språkliga minoriteter trots att den sedan länge fokuserat på minoriteter. Artikeln summerar fynden om teoretiska beroendeförhållanden mellan den demokratiska innovationen medborgarinitiativ och en språketnisk grupperings politiska delaktighet i en analytisk referensram. Avsikten är att referensramen teoretiskt kan fungera som ett tillskott till den pluralistiska politiska teorin och praktiskt som en analytisk utgångspunkt om effekterna av nya deltagandeformer på språkminoriteters ställning i en modern demokrati.
Mulberry flavonoids modulate rumen bacteria to alter fermentation kinetics in water buffalo
Authors: Li Mengwei , Hassan Faizul , Peng Lijuan , Xie Huade , Liang Xin , Huang Jiaxiang , Huang Feng , Guo Yanxia , Yang Chengjian
Published: December 2022

Mulberry flavonoids can modulate the composition of rumen microbiota in ruminants to improve nutrient digestibility, owing to their strong biological activities. This study aimed to explore the effect of mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLF) on rumen bacteria, fermentation kinetics, and metagenomic functional profile in water buffalo. Forty buffaloes (4 ± 1 lactations) with almost same body weight (av. 600 ± 50 Kg) and days in milk (90 ± 20 d) were randomly allocated to four treatments having different levels of MLF: 0 g/d (control), 15 g/d (MLF15), 30 g/d (MLF30), and 45 g/d (MLF45) supplemented in a basal diet. After 35 days of supplementation, rumen contents were collected to determine rumen fermentation parameters. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to elucidate rumen bacteria composition. The obtained taxonomic data were analyzed to explore the rumen bacteriome and predict the associated gene functions and metabolic pathways. Results demonstrated a linear increase (p < 0.01) in rumen acetate, propionate, and total VFAs in the MLF45 group as compared to control. No effect of treatment was observed on rumen pH and butyrate contents. Acetate to propionate ratio in the MLF45 group linearly and quadratically decreased (p = 0.001) as compared to MLF15 and control groups. Similarly, MLF45 linearly increased (p < 0.05) the microbial protein (MCP) and NH3-N as compared to other treatments. Treatment adversely affected (p < 0.01) almost all alpha diversity parameters of rumen bacteria except Simpson index. MLF promoted the abundance of Proteobacteria while reducing the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Patescibacteria. The MLF supplementation tended to substantially reduce (0.05 < p < 0.1) the abundance of Actinobacteria, and Patescibacteria while completely eliminating Acidobacteria (p = 0.029), Chloroflexi (p = 0.059), and Gemmatimonadetes (p = 0.03) indicating the negative effect of flavonoids on the growth of these bacteria. However, MLF45 tended to substantially increase (p = 0.07) the abundance (~21.5%) of Acetobacter. The MLF treatment exhibited negative effect on five genera by significantly reducing (Sphingomonas) or eliminating (Arthobactor, unclassified_c__Actinobacteria, norank_c__Subgroup_6, norank_o__Saccharimonadales, and Nocardioides) them from the rumen microbiota. Pearson correlation analysis revealed 3, 5 and 23 positive correlations of rumen bacteria with milk yield, rumen fermentation and serum antioxidant parameters, respectively. A positive correlation of MCP was observed with three bacterial genera (Acetobacter, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella). The relative abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrio and Empedobacter also showed a positive correlation with the ruminal acetate and propionate. The present study indicated 45 g/d as an appropriate dose of MLF which modulated rumen bacteria and its functional profile in water buffalo.
EcoCountHelper: an R package and analytical pipeline for the analysis of ecological count data using GLMMs, and a case study of bats in Grant Teton National Park
Authors: Cole Hunter J. , Gomes Dylan GE , Barber Jesse R.
Published: December 2022

Here we detail the use of an R package, ‘EcoCountHelper’, and an associated analytical pipeline aimed at making generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM)-based analysis of ecological count data more accessible. We recommend a GLMM-based analysis workflow that allows the user to (1) employ selection of distributional forms (Poisson vs negative binomial) and zero-inflation (ZIP and ZINB, respectively) using AIC and variance-mean plots, (2) examine models for goodness-of-fit using simulated residual diagnostics, (3) interpret model results via easy to understand outputs of changes in predicted responses, and (4) compare the magnitude of predictor variable effects via effects plots. Our package uses a series of easy-to-use functions that can accept both wide- and long-form multi-taxa count data without the need for programming experience. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we use our package to model acoustic bat activity data relative to multiple landscape characteristics in a protected area (Grand Teton National Park), which is threatened by encroaching disease—white nose syndrome. Global threats to bat conservation such as disease and deforestation have prompted extensive research to better understand bat ecology. Notwithstanding these efforts, managers operating on lands crucial to the persistence of bat populations are often equipped with too little information regarding local bat activity to make informed land-management decisions. In our case study in the Tetons, we found that an increased prevalence of porous buildings increases activity levels of Eptesicus fuscus and Myotis volans; Myotis lucifugus activity decreases as distance to water increases; and Myotis volans activity increases with the amount of forested area. By using GLMMs in tandem with ‘EcoCountHelper’, managers without advanced programmatic or statistical expertise can assess the effects of landscape characteristics on wildlife in a statistically-robust framework.
El paisaje marítimo del Pacífico Sur en los diarios de Mary Graham y Richard Dana, Jr.
Authors:   Universidad de Playa Ancha (Chile), Ferrada Aguilar Héctor Andrés
Published: December 2022

Este artículo explora la emergencia del paisaje marítimo en los diarios de viaje de Mary Graham y Richard Dana durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Valparaíso y la Isla de Juan Fernández constituyen hitos del Pacífico Sur donde la naturaleza deviene paisaje, y también eje de producción en una ética protestante. Representado por alusiones estéticas y literarias, la ingobernabilidad del paisaje altera la subjetividad de los diaristas y el ejercicio neocolonialista del poder.
“Tresdedos”, el legendario bandido de la banda de Joaquín Murieta: su metamorfosis en textos dramáticos hasta Pablo Neruda
Authors:   The Catholic University of America (Estados Unidos), Roja Mario A.
Published: December 2022

Este artículo examina la evolución de Tresdedos, el lugarteniente de Joaquín Murieta, quien en la saga literaria de la leyenda es caracterizado como un sangriento y fiero bandido, pero que, como Joaquín, con el tiempo sufre una metamorfosis de acuerdo con variables contextuales y la subjetividad enunciativa de sus emisores. Para este efecto, hemos seleccionado dramas publicados hasta la aparición de Fulgor y muerte de Joaquín Murieta de Pablo Neruda donde encontraremos a un Tresdedos depurado de sus rasgos negativos y asumiendo un importante rol agencial en el desarrollo del conflicto dramático. En su drama, Neruda le asigna al icónico y simbólico Joaquín Murieta una nueva misión relacionada con el contexto geopolítico latinoamericano del momento y el elegido para llevarla a cabo es Tresdedos.
Días de su escritura, solar de extranjeros: arraigo y desarraigo en tres poetas chilenos (Lihn, Uribe, Teillier)
Authors:   Universidad de Santiago / Universidad Alberto Hurtado (Chile), Aedo Roberto
Published: December 2022

En este artículo se estudia una cierta modalidad del tema del viaje en la obra de tres poetas chilenos: Enrique Lihn, Armando Uribe y Jorge Teillier. En este contexto, postulamos que, tanto en dichas obras como en otras desde la antigüedad, y no obstante las diferencias que ellas tienen entre sí, esta modalidad toma la forma del desplazamiento como exilio, como destierro. Asimismo, establecemos que, en estrecha relación con sus respectivas historias de vida, la obra de cada uno de estos poetas se relaciona con un importante proceso histórico-cultural en Latinoamérica: la extendida influencia y hegemonía cultural europea y en particular francesa, el exilio forzoso producto de las dictaduras cívico-militares de la segunda mitad del siglo veinte y, finalmente, el complejo proceso de migración campo-ciudad, respectivamente. Por último, pero no menos importante, afirmamos que la figura del extranjero presente en estas obras reactualiza la doble condición de marginado y marginal del poeta, y la de la poesía como espacio de arraigo, crítica y resistencia a los valores del orden social del modo de producción capitalista.
Ercilla entre Virgilio y Justino: el episodio de Dido en La Araucana (Cantos XXXII-XXXIII)
Authors:   Stony Brook University (Estados Unidos), Roncero López Victoriano
Published: December 2022

Según la tradición historiográfica clásica Cartago fue fundada por la reina Elisa Dido en 814 a. C. La historia de la reina adquirió trascendencia literaria con su aparición en la Eneida de Virgilio siglo I a. C. El poeta mantuano creó una historia de amor desgraciado con Eneas, por cuyo abandono se suicidó. El historiador voconcio Pompeyo Trogo y su epitomador Justino recuperaron la tradición histórica y la convirtieron en el modelo de la viuda leal y casta. Alonso de Ercilla recuperó su historia en la tercera parte de La Araucana, publicada en Madrid en 1589. El poeta madrileño tomó elementos de ambas tradiciones para defender la imagen virtuosa de Dido.
Following Their Own Customs
Authors: Liu Haiwei
Published: December 2022

Different interpretations exist regarding Khubilai’s 1280 edict prohibiting the Muslim method of slaughtering sheep and the practice of circumcision. By analyzing primary sources in the Chinese and Persian languages this article provides a new translation of the original text of the edict, showing that the Yuan established as a guiding principle that each subject group should follow its own customs. This article argues that the Yuan government prohibited the two Muslim practices because Mongol rulers believed that Muslims violated the guiding principle by forcing other peoples to follow the two practices. This article further argues that the Yuan court insisted on each group following its own customs because the power structure and legal system of the Mongol-Yuan Empire largely rested on differences and boundaries.
Review of Der ägyptische Tempel als ritueller Raum: Akten der internationalen Tagung, Haus der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, 9.–12. Juni 2015. Edited by Stefan Baumann and Holger Kockelmann
Authors: Theis Christoffer
Published: December 2022

Der ägyptische Tempel als ritueller Raum: Akten der internationalen Tagung, Haus der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, 9.–12. Juni 2015. Edited by Stefan Baumann and Holger Kockelmann. Studien zur spätägyptischen Religion, vol. 17. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2017. Pp. xi + 584, 8 pls. €144.
Review of A Literary History of Medicine: The ʿUyūn al-anbāʾ fī ṭabaqāt al-aṭibbāʾ of Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿah. Edited and translated by Emilie Savage-Smith, Simon Swain, and Geert Jan van Gelder
Authors: Hirschler Konrad
Published: December 2022

A Literary History of Medicine: The ʿUyūn al-anbāʾ fī ṭabaqāt al-aṭibbāʾ of Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿah. Edited and translated by Emilie Savage-Smith, Simon Swain, and Geert Jan van Gelder. Handbuch für Orientalistik, 1: The Near and Middle East, vol. 134. 5 vols. Leiden: Brill, 2020. $865. Open access: https://scholarlyeditions.brill.com/lhom/.
Review of A Fashionable Century: Textile Artistry and Commerce in the Late Qing. By Rachel Silberstein
Authors: Lingley Kate A.
Published: December 2022

A Fashionable Century: Textile Artistry and Commerce in the Late Qing. By Rachel Silberstein. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2020. Pp. xvii + 276. $65.
Challenge of the Astronomical Diaries from Babylon
Authors: Van der Spek R. J.
Published: December 2022

The Astronomical Diaries are a unique corpus of documents from Babylon containing daily observations of celestial and terrestrial phenomena in the last half millennium before the Common Era. They provide direct information on how Babylonian scholars conducted scientific research and viewed political, economic, and religious events of their time—in other words, how they experienced their era. The book under review is a good introduction to this corpus.
Related Party Transaction and Income Smoothing in Nigerian Listed Commercial Banks: The Moderating Effect of Capital Adequacy
Authors: George Prince Ozuruonye , Chukwu Gospel J.
Published: December 2022

There has been increasing concern over the effect of related party transactions on the credibility of reported earnings. This is moreso in sectors that are associated with opaque practices such as the banking industry where insider loans sometimes degrade the quality of loan assets. This study investigated the association between related party transaction (measured by deposits from related parties) and income smoothing, and evaluated the moderating influence of capital adequacy on the relationship. The study was premised on signalling theory and institutional theory, and data from eleven listed commercial banks in Nigeria for nine years were analysed using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression model. Results showed that deposits from related party were positively and significantly associated with income smoothing, suggesting that as deposits from related party increase, the level of income smoothing also increases. Further results showed that capital adequacy significantly moderated this relationship by changing the direction of the relationship from positive to negative. The findings of this study add to the scanty literature on related party transactions (RPT) and income smoothing in Nigeria, and provide first-time evidence on the effect of regulatory capital on the relationship between related party transaction and income smoothing. The results also have implication for regulators, especially those in search of solutions to the problem of poor quality earnings.
In-silico Characterization of ICE1 Transcriptional Factor in Cold Signalling Network in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Manasa S. Lekshmi , Samal K. C. , Rout Gyana Ranjan
Published: December 2022

Aim: Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is a leguminous crop with high rich of protein and susceptible to cold stress. In silico characterization of ICE1, a cold tolerant transcriptional factor in Vigna radiata and transcriptional regulatory network with other species of Vigna and with special refrence to legume crops.

Methodology: Genomic sequences of Vigna radiata, V. angularis and V. unguculata and other leguminous crops were retrieved from NCBI (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and used for multiple sequence alignment, Phylogenetic and comparative analysis of ICE1 protein and motif analysis.

Results: The present study showed that Vigna radiata ICE1 (VrICE1) gene was closely related to VaICE1 gene (Vigna angularis) and then VuICE1 gene (Vigna unguiculata). The study also revealed that the bHLH domain region (247-298aa) was the low complexity region and co-localization signals of V.radiataICE1. There were a similarities and dissimilarities of the ICE1 protein isoforms in V.radiata. It was noted that VrICE1 had a average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) of -0.593 in one and -0.6 in other. An instability index of 64.58 and 64.90. VrICE1 had a higher percentage of non-polar amino acid content and more number of random coils followed by alpha helix in secondary structure. The study also revealed that there was major involvement of VrICE1 proteins in biological and molecular functions under cold stress.

Conclusion: The bioinformatics tools help researchers in getting information with regard to the functional aspect of the gene with respect to cold tolerance. A comprehensive analysis of the different physical and chemical properties of Vigna species could help us to identify their diversified usefulness.
Syntheses, Characterization, and X-ray Crystal Structure of Mn(III) Coordination Polymer of 2-((2-Hydroxyethylimino) Methyl)-6-Methoxyphenol
Authors: Kebe Momath , Traore Bocar , Ndiaye-Guèye Mbossé , Thiam Ibrahima Elhadj , Retailleau Pascal , Gaye Mohamed
Published: December 2022

The present investigation describes the synthesis of the ligand 2-((2-hydroxyethylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol (H2L) and its complex of Mn(III) cation. The structure of the compound was elucidated by spectroscopic study and X-ray diffraction for the complex formulated as [{Mn(μ–HL)2}(C2N3)]n. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with the following unit cell parameters: a = 5.8172 (3) Å, b = 11.8695 (7)  Å, c = 17.2616 (11) Å, b = 96.565 (6)°, V = 1178.57 (12) Å3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0603 and wR2 = 0.1516. For this compound, the structure reveals that two monodeprotonated ligand interact with one Mn(III) in bidentate fashion while the third coordination site of the ligand interact with another Mn(III) of a neighboring unit. Thus, a polymeric coordination complex is obtained. The Mn(III) is hexacoordinated and the coordination environment can be described as slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Numerous hydrogen bonds link the molecules into three-dimensional network.
Evaluation of Invasive and Non-Invasive Methods of Diagnosing Helicobacter pylori Infection in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Ekesiobi S. U. , Azike C. A. , Agi V. N. , Nwoka E. G. , Nyenke C. U. , Wachukwu C. K.
Published: December 2022

Several diagnostic approaches are available for the detection of Helicobacter pylori The aim of this study was to evaluate the non-invasive and invasive methods of diagnosing H. pylori infections. A total of three hundred (300) samples each for stool and blood were subjected to non-invasive techniques. The invasive method used in this study was the polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) targeting the 16SrRNA from stool samples while the non-invasive methods used were stool antigen test, urea breath, and serology test. The amplified 16SrRNA fragments of H. pylori from various samples on agarose gel showed their bands at 380 base pairs.  Results obtained from this study showed that the PCR method recorded a 54% prevalence rate, the stool antigen test recorded a 13.7% prevalence rate while serology and urea breath test methods recorded a prevalence rate of 14.7% and 11.7% respectively. This study recorded a prevalence rate of 33.6% based on the study location, with females recording the highest prevalence rate in all the diagnostic methods used. The sensitivities of the various methods used against PCR were 90.3% for the stool antigen test method, 64.5% for the urea breath test, and 100% for the serology test method; while their specificities were 26.3% for both the stool antigen test and urea breathe test and 79% for serology test. The serology method showed a likelihood ratio of 4.76 while that of the stool antigen test and urea breath test were 2.354 and 0.462 respectively. In conclusion, this study has shown that the order of accuracy of diagnostic methods can be arranged as follows: PCR> serology > stool antigen test > urea breath test. However, the order might slightly change among related studies. Generally, the invasive method is preferred over the non-invasive method in developed countries while simultaneous use of more than one non-invasive method is encouraged in developing countries.
A Novel Ansatz Method for Solving the Neutron Diffusion System in Cartesian Geometry
Authors: Al-Sharif Mohammed A. , Ebaid Abdelhalim , Alrashdi Hail S. , Alenazy Aneefah H. S. , Kanaan Nourah Eid
Published: December 2022

This paper analyzes the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) describing the diffusion kinetic problem with one delayed neutron precursor concentration in Cartesian geometry. The neutron diffusion kinetic equation is a popular problem in the fundamental Physics which is of practical applications in both nuclear physics and reactor design. For safety considerations, accurate solution of the this fundamental problem is required and mandatory. However, many difficulties arise when dealing with the current model using various numerical/analytical approaches as can be noticed in the literature. So, it is the objective of this paper to develop a new ansatz method to directly solve such fundamental model. It is shown in this work that our approach is straightforward and simpler when compared with other approaches in the relevant literature.
Studies on Vermicomposting of Sericultural Wastes: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Effective Management of Seri-Wastes
Authors: Chanotra Suraksha , Verma Suresh , Bhat Muzafar Ahmad , Angotra Jyoty , Verma Gurvinder Raj , Langer Seema , Azam Mohd
Published: December 2022

Vermicompost is one of the most essential and efficient organic manure commonly applied to the mulberry field in most the advance sericulture countries. Vermicompost is the one of the beneficial biotechnology is the bioconversion of organic waste into useful form. In the current experiment, soil treated with vermicompost of three different treatments viz., Cow dung + Seri-waste (T-1), Cow dung +Seri-waste (T-2) and Cow dung +Seri-waste + Rice straw (T-3) were recorded different parameters. After the application of different treatment of vermicompost the best recorded treatment as a T-as 6.7 pH. The moisture retention capacity was recorded as 52% in T-1 and 74% and 62% respectively in T-2 and T-3, with electric conductivity as 2-3ms/cm. The soil texture of soil treated with T-2 (Cow dung +Seri-waste) showed best input as 50% as compared to T-1 and least in T-3 as 40% and 35% respectively. Application of different treatment of vermicompost on soil   recorded to be T-2 (Cow dung +Seri-waste) showed positive response and high availability of microorganisms that are beneficial for the mulberry plant. The germination percentage of seed of mulberry treated with different treatment was recorded to be highest of 90% in T-2 and root and shoot length of plant grown as 26cm and 12cm as compared to T-1 and T-3 as 19 cm and 8cm, 34cm and 10cm respectively. Similarly, the moisture percentage and moisture retention capacity of T-2 was recorded to be highest as 74.64% and 73.21% respectively. Therefore, the current experiment opens new avenues vermicompost substrate for promoting of by-product utilization seri-waste in sericulture. The resultant product could be utilized for agricultural and horticultural as well. The present results offer numerous scopes for further sustainable agriculture with special emphasis on sericulture industry.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Potential of Garcinia kola Seed Tincture in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Barilee H. Isaac , Emine Tamuno- , Davies G. , Edna O. Nwachuku
Published: December 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of Garcinia kola seed tincture in streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino Wistar rats.

Study Design:  This study is a non-randomized experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Animal House of the Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, between August and December, 2019.

Methodology: A total of 46 male Albino rats were used. Garcinia kola seed was bought and 10g of the seed was macerated with 50 mL of 43% alcoholic Gordon and stored at 4°C. Six rats were used for the pilot study to determine the concentration of streptozotocin that could induce diabetes, the remaining 40 rats were divided into 8 groups of 5 rats each, with different experimental treatments. “Streptozotocin diabetes” was achieved by intraperitoneally injecting the rats with 45 mg/kg streptozotocin, glibenclamide and metformin doses were extrapolated from human doses and rats treated with Garcinia kola seed tincture were separately given low (1 ml/kg), high (3 ml/kg) of the tincture or in combination with the either glibenclamide or metformin once per day for 30 days. Rat ELISA kits were used to determine the levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS) and malondaldehyde (MDA). An autoanalyzer was used to assay for fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol, while oxidative stress indices (OSI) and LDL-cholesterol were calculated. SPSS version 22.0 for Windows was used for statistical analysis and P<.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The results showed that there were significantly higher (P<.001) MDA, TOS, OSI and FBG levels after streptozotocin induction. On treatment with G. kola seed tincture, values were observed to have significantly reduced. Only TG level was significantly higher after induction and a significant lower TG level was also observed only in the group of rats treated with the higher dose of the tincture. Liver enzyme activities did not show any significantly higher values after induction, but values were significantly raised after treatment with tincture and alcohol separately.

Conclusion: From the results, we conclude that Garcinia kola seeds tincture has both hypoglycemic and antioxidant attenuating effects in “streptozotocin diabetes” albino wistar rats.
Effect of Student’s Perception of Learning Innovation on Student Engagement and Student Satisfaction
Authors: Setyawati Anita , Wijaya Serli , Widjaja Deborah C.
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed how people live, including education. Due to an increase in positive cases of COVID-19, the teaching and learning process must be carried out online. However, online learning that is carried out suddenly caused by the pandemic can affect a decrease in student engagement and student satisfaction. This research aims to determine student perceptions of teaching innovations that impact student engagement and satisfaction. The online survey was distributed to 166 students of an international program at a private university in Surabaya, Indonesia. The research found that learning methods or strategies prepared by the lecturers to create learning innovation positively impact student engagement and student satisfaction. The ideal teaching method or strategy during online learning supports the interaction between the lecturer and students. Such interaction would increase student engagement, such as learning motivation, being confident in their abilities and deep understanding, and sharing learning experiences, ideas, and knowledge so that student satisfaction will be enhanced.
Effect of Information Management Capability, Collaboration, and Supply Chain Resilience on Company Performance
Authors: Korompis James , Tarigan Zeplin Jiwa Husada , Yuliana Oviliani Yenty
Published: December 2022

A covid-19 pandemic is a significant event that causes supply chain disruption in Indonesia. As a result, the manufacturing sector experienced a significant decline which is indicated by the greatly decreasing Purchasing Manager Index (PMI) in April and May 2020. Therefore, supply chain resilience (SCR) becomes essential for a company to minimize risk, reduce negative impact, and quickly adapt to the business condition. This research aims to analyse the relationship between variables that can increase SCR, namely information management capability (IMC) and collaboration, and the relationship between SCR and company performance. This research was conducted by collecting primary data using questionnaires and analysing the relationship among variables using the PLS-SEM method. This research indicates that IMC and collaboration significantly affect SCR. SCR also has a significant effect on company performance. However, IMC does not significantly impact company performance, while collaboration significantly affects company performance. This research also indicates that collaboration mediates the relationship between IMC toward company performance.
Sorrow on the Shoreline
Authors: Brandeland Megan A. , Schick Alexandra , White Caroline
Published: December 2022

This essay describes 3 health care workers who unexpectedly encounter a patient in need.
Desertibacillus
Authors: Bhatt Hitarth B. , Begum Azmatunnisa , Chintalapati Sasikala , Chintalapati Venkata Ramana , Singh Satya P.
Published: December 2022

De.ser.ti.ba.cil'lus. L. neut. n.
desertum
, desert; L. masc. n.
Bacillus
, a bacterial genus; N.L. masc. n.
Desertibacillus
, a Bacillus‐like organism isolated from desert.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Desertibacillus

The genus
Desertibacillus
belongs to the family Bacillaceae. Cells are aerobic, Gram‐stain‐positive, endospore forming, nonmotile, and rod shaped. Colonies are cream colored, round, and smooth. The growth occurs in the range of 5–20% (w/v) NaCl, optimally at 7.5%. The range of temperature and pH for the growth are 20–55°C and 7–10.5, respectively, the optima being 37°C and pH 9, respectively. The polar lipids consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyglycerol, and six other unknown lipids. The major fatty acids are anteiso‐C
15:0
, anteiso‐C
17:0
, C
16:0
, and iso‐C
15:0
. The predominant menaquinone is MK‐7. The peptidoglycan contains
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid (
meso
‐DAP) as the diagnostic diamino acid.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 48.7 (genomic).

Type species
:
Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus
Bhatt et al. 2017
VP
.
Streptohalobacillus
Authors: Xue Yanfen
Published: December 2022

Strep'to.ha.lo.ba.cil'lus. Gr. masc. adj.
streptos
, pliant, bent; Gr. masc. n.
hals
(gen.
halos
), salt; L. masc. n.
bacillus
, stick, a small rod; N.L. masc. n.
Streptohalobacillus
, a pliant salt‐loving rod.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Streptohalobacillus

Cells are straight to slightly curved rods which occur singly, in pairs, or in chains. Endospores are not observed. Gram‐stain‐positive. The cell‐wall peptidoglycan type is A1γ, with
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. Motile by means of peritrichous flagella.
Streptohalobacillus
is a facultatively anaerobic chemoheterotroph. Moderately halophilic and halotolerant. Growth can occur in the absence of sugars. Acetate, ethanol, and lactic acid are major metabolic end products from glucose following anaerobic fermentation. Oxidase‐positive but catalase‐negative. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite. The major isoprenoid quinone is MK‐6. The predominant cellular fatty acids are C
16:0
, anteiso‐C
13:0
, and anteiso‐C
15:0
. Phylogenetically, the genus is a member of the family
Bacillaceae
and related most closely to
Halolactibacillus
species. The type species is
Streptohalobacillus salinus
. Isolated from a saline soil of Qaidam Basin, China.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 36.2 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Streptohalobacillus salinus
Wang et al. 2011
VP
.
Natronoflexus
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: December 2022

Na.tro.no.fle'xus; N.L. neut. n.
natron
(arbitrarily derived from the Arabic n.
natrun
or
natron
) soda, sodium carbonate; N.L. pref.
natrono‐
, pertaining to soda; L. masc. n.
flexus
, a bending, N.L. masc. n.
Natronoflexus
, bending/flexible cells living in soda.

Bacteroidota / Bacteroidia / Bacteroidales / Marinilabiliaceae / Natronoflexus

The genus
Natronoflexus
is a member of the family
Marinilabiliaceae
, order
Bacteroidales
, class
Bacteroidia
, and phylum
Bacteroidota
. It is an obligately anaerobic fermentative saccharolytic bacterium with the ability to utilize polygalacturonates and xylan as carbon and energy sources. The only species of the genus,
N. pectinivorans
, is a moderately salt‐tolerant, chloride‐independent obligate alkaliphile found in soda lakes in Central Asia. The DNA G + C content is 39.6 mol% (genome).

DNA G
 + 
C content (%)
: 39.6 (genome).

Type species
:
Natronoflexus pectinivorans
Sorokin et al. 2011, VL144.
Thessaly
Authors: Sprawski Sławomir
Published: December 2022

Thessaly is a region in northern Greece. The term refers narrowly to the area of two great plains drained by the Peneios River but is also used to designate a much broader region, which extends from Mount Olympos in the north to Mount Oita in the south. In the Archaic and Classical periods there were at least twenty‐five Thessalian
poleis
; the most important of them were Larissa, Pharsalos, and Pherai.
Epirus
Authors: Bowden William
Published: December 2022

This entry describes the region of Epirus (present‐day northwest Greece and southern Albania), which was part of the Hellenistic world and is known as the home of King Pyrrhos. The region was ravaged by the Romans under Aemilius Paullus in 167
bce
, then became part of the Roman province of Macedonia.
Zakynthos (Zacynthus)
Authors: Bonelou Elena
Published: December 2022

Zakynthos, located on an island of the same name situated opposite the northwestern Peloponnese, at the opening of the Corinthian Gulf, was regarded as an Αchaian colony. Its mythical founder was the Arcadian Zakynthos.
Kerkouane
Authors: Hughes Ryan C.
Published: December 2022

The site of Kerkouane is located at the tip of Cap Bon, 12 km north of Kelibia in Tunisia. Probably built in the sixth century
bce
, the site was abandoned at some time in the middle of the third century
bce
. Kerkouane is notable, first and foremost, for being the only Punic settlement to have escaped subsequent development. As such, the site offers important examples of the art and architecture of Punic North Africa as well as evidence about the daily lives of Libyophoenician peoples before the arrival of Rome.
Enabling Fast Photoresponse in Near‐Infrared Organic Phototransistors by Manipulating Minority Charge Trapping and Recombination
Authors: Tang Yu , Fu Huaijie , Li Ning , Hu Yuanhong , Chen Lixiang , Jia Weiyao , Zhang Qiaoming , Lei Yanlian
Published: December 2022

The organic phototransistors (OPTs) featuring built‐in amplification afford ultrahigh photoresponse. However, the response speed is usually slow in disordered OPTs, limited by the charge trapping/recombination process caused by inherent trap sites. This work studies the relationship between the photoinduced charge carrier dynamics and photoresponse characteristics in a near‐infrared (NIR) light‐sensitive OPT. It is found that the introduction of a small amount of electron acceptor into a p‐type polymer, forming a donor:acceptor bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ), in the OPT channel can dramatically improve the overall response speed of the detector. This is because the exciton dissociation and charge separation at the donor/acceptor interface not only improves the photoresponse but also reduces the minority charge trapping. Less charge trapping/recombination is essential to achieve a fast response in OPTs. As a result, the rise and fall time are improved from 1.3 and 3.5 s for the polymer‐only‐based NIR OPTs to 16 and 119 ms for the organic BHJ‐based NIR OPTs, making it suitable for use in medically relevant photoplethysmography applications.
Ultra‐High Nonlinear Saturable Absorption Responses and Ultra‐Fast Carrier Dynamics of Organic DAST
Authors: Zhang Mingang , Xu Xiangdong , Hu Wenjie , Jiang Yadong , Chen Chenduan , Dong Ningning , Wang Jun , Liang Yuning , Zhu Baohua , Zhang Han , Xu Jimmy
Published: December 2022

Third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) absorption properties and ultra‐fast carrier dynamics of organic 4‐N,N‐dimethylamino‐4'‐N'‐methyl‐stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) at the wavelength of 520 nm are investigated by femtosecond open‐aperture Z‐scan technique and transient absorption spectroscopy, respectively. Z‐scan measurements indicate that DAST solution exhibits ultra‐high nonlinear saturable absorption (SA) responses with a figure of merit of 4.57 × 10−13 esu cm and a saturation strength of 3.20 GW cm−2, far superior to those of the most known 2D SA materials under similar excitations. Transient absorption results reveal that the outstanding SA performances of the solution‐phase DAST are rooted in ultra‐fast ground‐state bleaching based on the Pauli blocking effect. The subsequent excited state carrier relaxation processes are dominated by rapid intraband carrier cooling and defect‐assisted interband Auger recombination. Moreover, high‐quality DAST−polyvinyl alcohol composite films prepared by solution casting exhibit similar ultra‐high SA responses and reliable long‐term stability without any degradation of their SA responses even after exposure to air moisture for 100 days. These findings establish an experimental and theoretical foundation for the development of high‐performance ultra‐fast optoelectronic devices based on organic NLO materials in the future.
Biocatalytic Cascade Conversion of Racemic Epoxides to (S)‐2‐Arylpropionic Acids, (R)‐ and (S)‐2‐Arylpropyl Amines
Authors: See Willy W. L. , Li Xirui , Li Zhi
Published: December 2022

New types of one‐pot multi‐step enzymatic cascade transformation involving dynamic kinetic resolution to convert racemic substrates to chiral products in high ee and yield were developed. Unique cascade reactions of easily accessible racemic trans‐β‐methyl or α‐methyl epoxides to produce (S)‐2‐arylpropionic acids, (R)‐ and (S)‐2‐arylpropyl amines were demonstrated via styrene oxide isomerase (SOI)‐catalyzed Meinwald epoxide rearrangement to generate 2‐arylpropanal in situ, which was followed by spontaneous racemization, and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)‐catalyzed (S)‐enantioselective oxidation or transaminase (TA)‐catalyzed (R)‐ or (S)‐enantioselective amination, respectively. Cascade reactions performed with isolated enzymes or whole‐cell biocatalysts produced pharmaceutically relevant (S)‐2‐arylpropionic acids, (R)‐ and (S)‐2‐arylpropyl amines with high enantioselectivity and yield. The cascades starting with in situ aldehyde generation from epoxides effectively minimized side reactions related to aldehyde instability and displayed a wide substrate scope.

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