bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parabolic Sound Reflectors–History and Modeling
Authors: Purvinis Elaine M. , Fagan Joshua B.
Published: February 2019

In first- and second-year algebra classrooms, the all-too-familiar whine of “when are we ever going to use this in real life?” challenges mathematics teachers to find new, engaging ways to present mathematical concepts. The introduction of quadratic equations is typically modeled by describing the motion of a moving object with respect to time, and typical lessons include uninspiring textbook practice problems that portray dropping or shooting objects from given distances or at particular time intervals. For a novel approach to exploring quadratics, we chose to step outside the classroom to look at some phenomena in the field of acoustics. Our activity incorporates mathematical modeling to provide a multirepresentational view of the math behind the physics and to provide a conceptual basis for analyzing and understanding a real-world quadratic situation.
Professional Learning through Teacher-Researcher Collaborations
Authors: Mayer Jennifer M. , Huntley Mary Ann , Fonger Nicole L. , Terrell Maria S.
Published: February 2019

In a recent Mathematics Teacher article, Fonger and her colleagues explain why teachers should engage in research studies: Researchers working alone lack the information needed to effectively address problems of practice that matter most-problems that are highly contextual and based on teachers' day-to-day experience. (2017, p. 462)
Explorations of the Brocard Point
Authors: Hodgson Theodore , Evans Hannah , Lindsey Kelly , McGee Daniel
Published: February 2019

One of the surprising characteristics of triangles is the number of points that lie at the intersection of three, similarly defined lines, segments, or rays. The centroid of a triangle, for instance, is the intersection of the three medians; the in-center is the intersection of the three angle bisectors; the circumcenter is the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the three sides; and the orthocenter is the intersection of the three altitudes. Defined in terms of common geometric objects and being relatively easy to construct, these points of concurrency have been studied by generations of secondary students. In this article, we describe yet another point of concurrency within a triangle: the Brocard point. Unlike the prior points, which have been known to mathematicians for millennia, the Brocard point is a relatively recent discovery. Like the prior points, however, the Brocard point is easily accessible to secondary students and can serve as a rich context for explorations.
Estética e filosofia das artes musicais africanas na perspectiva da educação musical na América Latina
Authors:   Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Döring Katharina
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo apresenta um diálogo com autores/as do chamado Atlântico Negro para introduzir no debate necessário sobre uma educação musical embasada nos saberes e bases filosóficas – históricos e contemporâneos – das artes musicais africanas e da diáspora africana. Aponta uma lacuna histórica nos estudos das musicalidades afro-latinas, afro-caribenhas e afro-americanas nos países da América Latina, assim como a necessidade de construir procedimentos e fundamentos metodológicos aplicados ao ensino das artes musicais (das diásporas) africanas com ênfase no contexto brasileiro. A autora procura incentivar um debate epistemológico, referenciado por vários autores dos contextos musicais e históricos da África e da Diáspora africana, e esboçar um arcabouço teórico para uma educação musical nas bases das matrizes africanas nos demais países e regiões com expressões culturais e musicais negras, que possa levar a uma educação e formação musical e performática (das diásporas) africanas.
Know My Language, Know My Music, Know My Culture: adapting a music education unit in regional Australia to meet the individual needs of pre-service teachers
Authors:   Charles Darwin University, Lierse Sharon Melinda
Published: February 2019

Music is an integral part of society. How it is taught and represented in educational institutions reflects the educational values. Moreover, it is part of a nation’s cultural fabric. The paper will discuss the issues pertaining to music education courses in Australia and postulate why an individualised curriculum at the pre-service teacher stage is necessary. From this, an existing unit has been adapted to meet the needs of pre-service teachers in regional and remote areas of Australia. A mix methods approach of Critical Discourse Analysis and Participation Action Approach has been used. This has been necessary to identify and understand the issues of identity, access and inclusiveness. Through these changes, the unit was transformed to better align with the individual needs of pre-service teachers, the changing environment of schools and the Year 11 and 12 music curriculum.
Paquita Baylina: uma trajetória musical esquecida no sul do Brasil
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Amorim Humberto , Wolff Daniel ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
Published: February 2019

Com ênfase em sua atuação artística, o artigo resgata traços biográficos de Paquita Baylina, musicista gaúcha que teve significativa participação na cena cultural de Porto Alegre entre os anos de 1910 e 1923. Personagem desconhecida nos estudos sobre o tema, Paquita teve aulas com o cego Levino Albano da Conceição e chegou a vencer um concurso instrumental em 1914, angariando prestígio e reconhecimento em um ambiente predominantemente masculino. Contudo, suas atividades musicais foram bruscamente interrompidas pelo casamento, em 1923, fator determinante para que sua dupla atuação pioneira permanecesse obliterada por décadas: inicialmente, como a primeira violonista de que se tem notícia a apresentar um repertório solista nos principais palcos musicais da cidade (incluindo apresentações no Theatro São Pedro); depois, como figura desbravadora na prática simultânea do canto acompanhado por violão. Com a reunião de quase 100 fontes inéditas recolhidas em revistas e jornais publicados no Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro e Bahia, foi possível remontar aspectos decisivos de sua trajetória musical, retirando da penumbra uma mulher considerada pela crítica de seu tempo como “exímia”, “inteligente” e “distinta virtuose”.
A metodologia Grounded Theory aplicada na pesquisa em música: um exemplo prático
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Nazario Luciano da Costa
Published: February 2019

Esse artigo apresenta os métodos, os procedimentos e os pressupostos epistemológicos da metodologia de pesquisa conhecida como Grounded Theory (ou teoria fundamentada), realizando um exame de sua aplicação prática em uma pesquisa de doutorado em música. Amplamente utilizada em ciências sociais nos Estados Unidos e países da Europa, o emprego dessa metodologia, principalmente na área da música, ainda é uma prática pouco comum no Brasil. Nesse sentido, buscamos evidenciar suas potencialidades e obstáculos nesse campo de estudo, apresentando alguns subsídios à pesquisadores interessados em investigar (e/ou teorizar) processos sociais na pesquisa em música. Como resultado, verificou-se que tal metodologia, se bem contextualizada com a investigação proposta, pode mostrar-se eficaz tanto no processo de coleta e análise dos dados quanto na implementação de uma teoria substantiva na área da música.
Changes in the Reading Tradition Revealed in Librarians’ Life Narratives
Authors: Astikienė Sigita
Published: February 2019

This article analyses librarians’ life narratives about the importance of reading in their professional and personal lives during the Soviet period and the years of independence. Forms of popularization of reading and reading traditions that have changed in the course of time are discussed as well.
The narratives show that librarians who worked during Soviet times popularized reading by organising various events: they brought books to travelling libraries, they personally took publications to people’s houses and various institutions. In the years of independence, librarians are more involved in various projects and non-traditional activities, and popularize their activity by using different modern technologies. The children’s reduced need for reading that nowadays is frequently replaced by information technologies was also observed in the narratives. Librarians of two age groups named reading as one of the most important things in their lives. The influence of children’s libraries and parents on the formation of the reading hobby was revealed. Most of the respondents used to read or still read to their children and grandchildren, which shows that attempts are made to maintain the tradition of reading in librarians’ families.
Response to Anti–PD-1 in Uveal Melanoma Without High-Volume Liver Metastasis
Authors: Johnson Douglas B. , Bao Riyue , Ancell Kristin K. , Daniels Anthony B. , Wallace Deborah , Sosman Jeffrey A. , Luke Jason J.
Published: February 2019

Background: Uveal melanoma (UM) is an uncommon melanoma subtype with poor prognosis. Agents that have transformed the management of cutaneous melanoma have made minimal inroads in UM. Methods: We conducted a single-arm phase II study of pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic UM and performed bioinformatics analyses of publicly available datasets to characterize the activity of anti–PD-1 in this setting and to understand the mutational and immunologic profile of this disease. Results: A total of 5 patients received pembrolizumab in this study. Median overall survival was not reached, and median progression-free survival was 11.0 months. One patient experienced a complete response after one dose and 2 others experienced prolonged stable disease (20% response rate, 60% clinical benefit rate); 2 additional patients had rapidly progressing disease. Notably, the patients who benefited had either no liver metastases or small-volume disease, whereas patients with rapidly progressing disease had bulky liver involvement. We performed a bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas for UM and confirmed a low mutation burden and low rates of T-cell inflammation. Note that the lack of T-cell inflammation strongly correlated with MYC pathway overexpression. Conclusions: Anti–PD-1–based therapy may cause clinical benefit in metastatic UM, seemingly more often in patients without bulky liver metastases. Lack of mutation burden and T-cell infiltration and MYC overexpression may be factors limiting therapeutic responses.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02359851
Policy Strategies for the “New Normal” in Healthcare to Ensure Access to High-Quality Cancer Care
Authors: Schatz Alyssa A. , Prejsnar Katy Winckworth , McCanney James , Gutierrez Meghan , Joho Stefanie , Alvarnas Joseph , Carlson Robert W.
Published: February 2019

In recent years, oncology has seen a rapid increase in the introduction of high-cost innovative therapies while scrutiny around drug pricing has simultaneously amplified. Significant policy shifts impacting health coverage and benefit design are also being implemented, including narrow network health plans, uncertainty around the Affordable Care Act insurance exchanges, and threats to preexisting condition protections. Shifting health coverage policy combined with high drug prices and outdated reimbursement systems may create barriers to patient access to innovation and high-quality cancer care. To understand how trends in health policy are impacting the oncology ecosystem, NCCN convened the NCCN Policy Summit: Policy Strategies for the “New Normal” in Healthcare to Ensure Access to High-Quality Cancer Care on June 25, 2018. The summit included discussion of how innovation is changing cancer treatment, care delivery, and ways health systems are responding; the impact of narrow networks on access to academic cancer centers; and how the evolving health policy landscape is affecting access to high-quality cancer care for patients.
SPECTROSCOPICALLY AND/OR STRUCTURALLY INTRIGUING PHTHALOCYANINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. PART 1. MONOMERIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Kobayashi Nagao
Published: February 2019

The first part of the series of review papers on the properties of some synthetically and spectroscopically interesting studies of our group for the period 2007-2017 is presented. In particular, examples are shown on the analysis of spectroscopic data in conjunction with molecular orbital (MO) calculations. We have used mainly electronic absorption and natural and magnetic circular dichroism (CD and MCD) spectroscopic techniques, with occasional use of fluorescence, phosphorescence, and time-resolved EPR. Not only the spectra of (4n + 2)π systems, but also some 4nπ anti-aromatic systems are theoretically analyzed, which helps the reader to learn how to interprete the spectral data. In the first part and the second part of this review monomer systems are considered, and in the third - trimeric and tetrameric systems.  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
ЗАЩИТА СТАЛИ ОТ КОРРОЗИИ В КИСЛЫХ СРЕДАХ ИНГИБИТОРАМИ «СОЛИНГ» ПРИ ПОВЫШЕННЫХ ТЕМПЕРАТУРАХ
Authors: Menshikov I.A. , Lukyanova N.V. , Shein A.B.
Published: February 2019

В работе приведены результаты исследования защитного действия ряда ингибирующих композиций серии «СолИнг» на основе ацетиленовых спиртов и их смесей с азотсодержащими соединениями различного типа в растворах серной и соляной кислот в интервале температур 20-600С.  Электрохимические исследования выполнены на малоуглеродистой стали Ст3. Поляризационные кривые снимали в трехэлектродной ячейке ходом из катодной области в анодную со скоростью развертки потенциала 10 мВ/мин, используя электрохимический измерительный комплекс SOLARTRON 1280 C. Исследованы защитные композиции: СолИнг ИК-1 на основе ненасыщенного спирта в смеси с серосодержащим амидом в водной среде; СолИнг ИК-2 на основе ненасыщенного спирта с добавками четвертичной соли аммония и комплексона; СолИнг ИК-3 на основе ненасыщенного спирта в системе органических растворителей, а также СолИнг ИК-4(А) на основе высокомолекулярного азотсодержащего ПАВ (молекулярной массы от 300 до 400) с добавками ненасыщенного спирта в системе органических растворителей и СолИнг ИК-4(Б) на основе высокомолекулярного азотсодержащего ПАВ с молекулярной массой до 300.Установлено, что во всём исследованном диапазоне температур композиции СолИнг ИК-2, ИК-4(А) и ИК-4(Б) обладают высоким защитным эффектом, что говорит об устойчивости адсорбционных слоёв ингибитора с повышением температуры. Композиции ИК-1 и ИК-3 обладают меньшим защитным эффектом, но в целом рост температуры не оказывает сильного негативного влияния на величину защитного эффекта. Устойчивость исследуемых композиций объясняется наличием в их составе ненасыщенных спиртов, проявляющих высокие защитные характеристики при повышенных температурах. На основе полученных результатов были рассчитаны эффективные энергии активации коррозионного процесса.
THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF THE METACAOLINE-BASED MIXTURE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF LEA ZEOLITE: THE INFLUENCE OF ULTRASONIC TREATMENT
Authors: Khramtsova A.P. , Prokofev V. Yu. , Gordina N.E. , Cherednikova D.S. , Konstantinova E.M.
Published: February 2019

A study of the influence of ultrasonic treatment on the kinetics of solid-phase interaction of metakaolin with the sodium hydroxide was performed.Reflections corresponding to the zeolite LTA were observed on X-ray patterns according to phase analysis before calcination at 500°C for the sample without pre-treatment.The appearance of a new phase of sodium alumosilicate (Na6Al4Si4O17) was observed with increasing temperature to 700°C.The reflections of sodium aluminosilicate (Na8Al4Si4O18) and nepheline were detected on the X-ray pattern when the temperature calcination 800°C besides to the characteristic reflections of the zeolite.Aluminosilicates were obtained by recrystallization of the zeolitepart.Also the process was accompanied by metakaolin decomposition in silica and mullite. Reflections corresponding to the zeolite was not discovered at 900°C.According to the X-ray analysis, it was found that ultrasonic treatment has no effect on the phase composition of the samples.Based on these data, it was determined the temperature range (500-800°C).There was recrystallization of zeolite in aluminosilicates for this temperature range.According to the thermal analysis, especially the data of mass loss in a given temperature interval, the exact temperature ranges were established for each heating rate of the samples without pre-treatment and the samples after ultrasonic treatment. The Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method was selected as an isoconversional analysis.The monotonous growth of apparent activation energy was found in all range of conversion extents after ultrasonic treatment. It smoothes the change of the transition regime (up to 200 kJ/mol) to kinetic one.The apparent activation energy for the sample without ultrasonic treatment gone approximately at one level (350 kJ/mol) upon reaching the conversion extent of 0.5-0.6.The apparent activation energy increases after ultrasonic treatment from 350 to 450 kJ/mol upon reaching the conversion extent above 0.9.
Thermodynamic substantiation for non-radical mechanism of thiosulfate (hyposulfite) oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution
Authors: Chumakov Anton A. , Minakova Tamara S. , Slizhov Yurij G
Published: February 2019

Thiosulfate (hyposulfite) anion S2O32− is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution directly (non-catalytically) and exothermically with significant thermal effect. The reaction mechanism is not verified until now. Literature data evidence the Wackenroder's solution of polythionates as oxidation product. The kinetics of polythionates generation in system and the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide oxidative activation are indeed an interesting task of fundamental chemistry. Its solution can contribute to growth of reaction applied value. We composed 25 reaction equations, among which 1–21 are proposed intermediate steps of whole process, 22–24 are summarized equations, and the equation 25 is final overall one. Thermodynamic analysis of reactions was carried out using reference values of standard thermodynamic functions of reagents and products of reactions and applying known laws and equations of thermochemistry. Results show that only one proposed intermediate step among all is endothermic and endergonic reaction. This is the reaction of thiosulfate hydrolysis into hydrosulfide HS− and bisulfate HSO4−. Other reactions are exothermic and exergonic. There are steps with releasing of significant heat amount. Therefore, an endothermic/endergonic step is possible by coupling with exothermic/exergonic reactions. The idea of coupled thiosulfate hydrolysis with generation of large amount of hydrosulfide ions substantiates a mechanism of polythionate ions formation through oxidative generation of polysulfide ions. The argued mechanism of conversions in reaction system S2O32−/H2O2/H2O is illustrated in three figures. The conception used for hydrogen peroxide oxidative activation excludes free radicals generation. We proposed an intramolecular proton transfer with oxywater H2O+−O− formation. Further, it heterolytically dissociates into water and oxygen atom (oxene) in 1D-singlet quantum state. This is non-radical particle (2p[↑↓][↑↓][__]), which oxidizes substrates targeting their electron pairs by its vacant atomic orbital.
Oxywater-oxenoid conception of mechanisms of benzylpenicillin oxidation and oxidant decomposition in aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution
Authors: Chumakov Anton A. , Kotelnikov Oleg A. , Slizhov Yurij G. , Minakova Tamara S.
Published: February 2019

There are actuality and importance of confirmation or at least reasoned argumentation of molecular kinetics of hydrogen peroxide oxidation reactions because of currently unidentified true nature of oxygen intermediates, at one side, and widespread of these processes in natural biological and artificial anthropogenic systems, from other side. The building of common theory of hydrogen peroxide oxidative activity and dismutation decomposition can be based on determination of structure of individual model reactions products. The benzylpenicillin molecule has a heterofunctional structure. Its sodium salt was dissolved in aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution without Fenton catalysts addition. The system was protected from thermal and photochemical activation. As result, we observed a colloid solution formation, a water-insoluble sediment accumulation, and a hydrogen peroxide disproportionation with gas-phase molecular oxygen liberation. The NMR-spectroscopy data evidenced in favor of S-oxidation of sulfide fragment, N-oxidation of nitrogen atoms with amide groups dissociation, and aromatic ring hydroxylation and electrophilic carbonylation. The precipitate is a mixture of several substances, some of which have presumably an oligomeric structure due to neighboring molecules coupling in carbonylation and hydroxylamine fragments O-acylation reactions. The molecular kinetics of model organic molecule oxidative modifications and hydrogen peroxide dismutation is interpreted by oxywater-oxenoid conception. In accordance with one, there are different associates between water HOH and hydrogen peroxide HOOH molecules in solution system due to hydrogen bonds. These molecules are simultaneously Brønsted acids and bases. The rate of proton accepting and donation depends on temperature and concentration parameters. The hydronium H3O+ and hydroperoxonium H3O2+ cations, and the hydroxide HO− and hydroperoxide HO2− anions are generated. For hydrogen peroxide molecule H2O2, there is possibility for isomeric bipolar ion oxywater H2O+O− formation. The zwitter-ion heterolytically dissociates with water molecule liberation and singlet oxygen atom generation. The 1D-oxene (2p[↑↓][↑↓][_]) oxidizes sulfur and nitrogen heteroatoms through accepting their unshared electron pairs by own vacant atomic orbital. In addition, singlet oxygen atom hydroxylates an aromatic ring by hydride transfer and mediates decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The dioxygen liberated during hydrogen peroxide dismutation is generated at first in singlet 1∆g-quantum state, the quenching of which, presumably, includes a dimerization of 1O2 antipodes by orbital moment. Inside the associate (1O2)2, the electron exchange interaction occurs. As result, two molecules of triplet dioxygen are generated, and they are antipodes by spin moment: first molecule has spin +1 and second molecule has spin −1.
INFLUENCE OF INHIBITORS ON THE BASIS OF DERIVATIVES OF PHOSPHIT TO CHEMILUMINESCENCE AT PHOTO AND THERMOOXIDATION OF DIESEL FUEL
Authors: Mammadov A.P. , Rasulov Ch.K. , Salmanova Ch.Q. , Ahmadbayova S.F. , Nagiyeva N.V. , Dadashova N.R.
Published: February 2019

It has been carried out thermo-and photothermal oxidation of diesel fuel by thermochemiluminescence and photothermochemiluminescence with participation of phosphite-based inhibitors with various substituents. The influence of the peculiarities of the structure of inhibitors on the efficiency and degree of quenching of chemiluminescence in the temperature range of 20-220 °C before and after exposure to the photo irradiation using a light filter simulating solar radiation is considered. The main components of diesel fuel with a temperature boiling of 180-360 °C are naphthenic-paraffinic and alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. It has been established that photochemical reactions in diesel fuel take place according to the molecular and radical mechanisms, respectively, in one- and two-photon methods of light absorption. The single-quantum process occurs in aromatic rings with the formation of endoperoxides. The two-quantum process proceeds as a result of intramolecular energy transfer from aromatic rings to alkyl substituents in which alkylaromatic radicals are generated by hydrogen atoms. The latter, because of their high reactivity, do not stabilize and contribute to the continuation of the chain reaction with the formation of radicals (Н+R-АУВ®H2+R·-АУВ). The change in the valence of phosphorus in inhibitors during their interaction with peroxide radicals formed in naphthene-paraffinic and alkylaromatic hydrocarbons is discussed. The minimum and maximum amounts of these radicals reacting with molecules containing fragments with weakly bound C-H bonds and unpaired electrons C • -O •, formed during photo-irradiation of the inhibitor, are considered.
Systemic Approach to Design of Gel Compositions of Combined Effect
Authors: Kudrjashova Olga S. , Aleksandrova Galina A.
Published: February 2019

A systematic approach to desing of gel compositions of combined effect has been proposed and practically tested. The scientific approach is based on the physical and chemical analysis of polycomponent systems containing the main components of the compositions. This approach allows achieving the maximum result with rational use of raw materials. Solubility in the Vilagin – Surfactant "Progress" – Sodium citrate – Coriolate – water system at 25 ° C was studied. The components of the system were selected in such a way that their mixtures showed disinfectant and deactivation properties. Vilagin is a highly effective bactericide, but its low solubility in water significantly limits its application. It is found that the surfactant "Progress" is a fairly good homogenizer of the Vilagin-water stratifing system, and does not negatively affect on its bactericidal activity. Sodium citrate and corylate are capable of binding radioisotopes of alkaline earth and heavy metals to soluble complex anions that are removed from the surface to be treated together with the solution. It is found that the value of the homogeneous region of the system depends to a greater extent on the concentration of Vilagin and salts. The first component is insoluble in water, and the salts are sparingly soluble. The viscosity of the obtained gels depends on the ratio of Vilagin and surfactant. The components concentration intervals at which there are stable gels that possess not only disinfectant, but also deactivation properties are found. Gel mixtures, which compositions are located near the binodal curve, can be diluted with water over a wide range of concentrations to obtain solutions with a specified content of Vilagin and salts. It is proved that the developed gel compositions are effective in small concentrations in a short time, have low toxicity, multifunctionality, good solubility in water, and a long shelf life of concentrates.
Method for assessing the surface quality of copper cathodes
Authors: Shulga E.V. , Yurev A.I. , Bazanov M.I.
Published: February 2019

One of the criteria for the quality of high-purity copper, which makes it possible to evaluate its mechanical properties and, accordingly, its suitability for use by consumers, is the spiral elongation number which, in accordance with the requirements of the European Standard EN 12893, must be at least 400 mm.  In order to stabilize spiral elongation number at the required level, an estimate is made of its distribution along the cathode web.  Experimentally obtained results, processed using mathematical statistics methods, showed significant discrepancies between the spiral elongation values in the central and other parts of the cathode (upper, lower, side), which indicates an uneven distribution of the spiral elongation number along the cathode web.  It was found that in order to form a representative analytical sample under cathode copper cathode production of the Polar Division of MMC «Norilsk Nickel», cathode testing should be performed using methods that include all areas of the cathode web, including edges and ears. To determine the dependence of the spiral elongation number on the surface quality of copper cathodes, a special technique has been developed, based on the detection of the most frequently encountered defects in the surface of the cathode web, which is assigned a certain numerical value in accordance with the ranking results.  The proposed scoring system for the quality of cathodes in appearance allowed us to establish for the first time that stabilization of the spiral elongation number at a level of at least 400 mm is possible if the defectiveness of the cathode surface does not exceed 17 points per bath.  The technique has found practical application for assessing the surface quality of copper cathodes under current production conditions.
ACYLATION OF HYDROQUINONES ESTERS AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS PRODUCTS
Authors: Ismailov Valekh M. , Ibragimova Gezal G. , Sadykhova Nurlana D. , Nagiyev Farid N. , Qasimov Rakif A. , Yusubov Niftali N.
Published: February 2019

The high synthetic potential of the functionalized aromatic diketones makes it possible to use them as "multi-side" intermediates, in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds and potentially biologically active molecules.   Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic hydrocarbons is the most important method of synthesis of acylaromatic ketones, which allows the introduction of only one carbonyl group into the aromatic ring. The application of the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction is not so often used to obtain aromatic diketones.      Have been investigated the possibilities of synthesis functionalized diketones by the Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic hydrocarbons on the basis of 1,4-diacetyl- and 1-acetyl-4-methylhydroquinones in the presence of AlCl3 in dichloroethane. 2,6-diacetyl derivatives of hydroquinone and the products of their hydrolysis were obtained.  Have been studied the dependence of the yield of the products on the reaction conditions.    The properties of synthesized ketones in the reactions with electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents have also been studied.   The reaction of 2,6-diacetylhydroquinone and its esters with hydroxylamine produced dioximes. The reaction of acetylhydroquinone and its derivatives with urea produces the corresponding imine that forms by the nucleophilic addition of urea to the carbonyl group.  These ketones with guanidine hydrochloride give the corresponding guanidinium derivatives. Ketones with guanidine hydrochloride give the corresponding guanidinium derivatives, the formation of which refers to the reactions of nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group.  It was shown that this reaction with 1,4-dimethoxybenzene proceeds according to the scheme of electrophilic substitution in the aromatic nucleus, followed by destruction, forming a mixture of nitriles. These ketones are readily nitrated with partial hydrolysis of the methoxy group giving 1-(2-hydroxy-5-metoksi-3-nitrofenil)propan-1-ona.     Unconventional electrophilic substitution reaction was observed at the Beckmann rearrangement of  the oxime (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)etan-1-one proceeds by sulfonation and hydrolysis of the rearrangement reaction product to form 3-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzensulfonat. Have been shown the conditions and suggested mechanisms of carried out reactions.
Indonesian Older Adults’ Mental Health: An Overview
Authors: Hanum Lathifah , Utoyo Dharmayati Bambang , Jaya Edo Sebastian
Published: February 2019

There have been numerous investigations regarding the prevalence of common psychological problems among the older adults, but the majority of them are conducted in a Western setting. This study attempts to provide some data on the mental health of Indonesian older adults, specifically: stress, chronic pain acceptance, depression, and insomnia. The result shows that prevalence of psychological problems is high and comparable to result from the Western studies. Unfortunately, even though the rate of psychological problems cases is similar to the West, access to psychological services is still very far from Western standard. Keywords: Indonesian older adults; stress; chronic pain acceptance; depression; insomnia
Job satisfaction and turnover intention: The mediating effect of affective commitment
Authors: Kartika Galih , Purba Debora E.
Published: February 2019

This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of affective commitment on the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention in international school teachers. Data were collected through questionnaire from 80 teachers in an international school in Jakarta, Indonesia, which indicated that affective commitment fully mediated the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
Fecal microbiota transplantation research output from 2004 to 2017: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Li Yan , Zou Ziyuan , Bian Xiaohui , Huang Yushan , Wang Yanru , Yang Chen , Zhao Jian , Xie Lang
Published: February 2019

Background

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging therapy against Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although the therapy has gained prominence, there has been no bibliometric analysis of FMT.

Methods

Studies published from 2004 to 2017 were extracted from the Science Citation Index Expanded. Bibliometric analysis was used to evaluate the number or cooperation network of publications, countries, citations, references, journals, authors, institutions and keywords.

Results

A total of 796 items were included, showing an increasing trend annually. Publications mainly came from 10 countries, led by the US (n = 363). In the top 100 articles ranked by the number of citations (range 47–1,158), American Journal of Gastroenterology (2017 IF = 10.231) took the top spot. The co-citation network had 7 co-citation clusters headed by ‘recurrent Clostridium difficile infection’. The top 7 keywords with the strongest citation bursts had three parts, ‘microbiota’, ‘ diarrhea ’, and ‘case series’. All keywords were divided into four domains, ‘disease’, ‘nosogenesis’, ‘trial’, and ‘therapy’.

Conclusions

This study shows the research performance of FMT from 2004 to 2017 and helps investigators master the trend of FMT, which is also an ongoing hotspot of research.
Variation in pelvic shape and size in Eastern European males: a computed tomography comparative study
Authors: Musielak Bartosz , Kubicka Anna Maria , Rychlik Michał , Czubak Jarosław , Czwojdziński Adam , Grzegorzewski Andrzej , Jóźwiak Marek
Published: February 2019

Background

The significantly accelerated development of human society in the last millennium has brought about changes in human behavior and body mass that may have influenced human bone morphology. Our objective was to analyze the variation in pelvic shape and size in males from modern and medieval populations.

Methods

We obtained 22 pelvic girdles of adult males from a medieval cemetery located in Cedynia, Poland. The control group comprised 31 contemporary male pelves from individuals inhabiting the same region. The analyzed parameters were: interspinous distance (ISD), intercristal distance (ICD), intertuberous distance (ITD), anatomic conjugate of the pelvis, height of the pelvis (HP), iliac opening angle (IOA), iliac tilt angle (ITA), and ISD/ITD/HP ratio. Geometric morphometrics was used to analyze differences in shape in the pelves. All analyses were carried out on three-dimensional CT reconstructions of pelves.

Results

ISD, ICD, and IOA were significantly greater in modern pelves than in those from Cedynia, but no significant differences were seen between the two groups in ITD, anatomical conjugate, HP, or ITA. ISD/ITD/HP ratios were significantly lower in the Cedynia group. Geometric morphometrics revealed significant differences in pelvic shape between the analyzed groups.

Discussion

The pelves of modern males are larger, wider, and flatter than those of medieval males. Changes in the set of daily activities that produce mechanical loading and estimated body mass may constitute the main factors explaining pelvic variability. However, differences in ontogenesis should also be taken into consideration, especially since growth in past populations is often found to be reduced relative to modern populations.
Student and new graduate perception of hospital versus institutional clinic for clinical educational experience
Authors: Haworth Navine G. , Jones Linda K.
Published: February 2019

Objective:

To explore final-year students and new graduates from 2 North American chiropractic colleges regarding perceptions of the clinical educational experience in a hospital vs the institutional clinical setting.

Methods:

A qualitative exploratory descriptive design was used for this research. Students and new graduates were invited to participate from a United States and Canadian chiropractic college. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 49 students and 14 new graduates lasting 60 minutes. Content analysis of the transcribed interviews was undertaken.

Results:

The data identified that there were advantages and disadvantages to having clinical education in both settings. For instance, the hospital setting had a more varied patient case mix (making it more complex and challenging for their clinical skills development), the pace was faster, and there was more evidence-based practice. This compared to the college clinics, which tended to be slower paced and had less variation, students were required to build a patient base, and patient demographics resembled that expected in private practice. Each environment was considered a unique clinical learning experience.

Conclusion:

Access and opportunity in both clinical environments is considered optimal in regards to providing a broad and varied student clinical experience. Exclusivity to one may not provide the best preparation for the professional context. As most graduate opportunities are private practice, the institutional clinical environment will provide a sufficient clinical teaching and learning environment to support the professional needs. A combination of these environments is considered ideal for the graduate.
Chemical Characterization and In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Caralluma europaea Essential Oil and Its Synergistic Potential with Conventional Antibiotics
Authors: Dra Loubna Ait , Aghraz Abdellah , Boualy Brahim , Oubaassine Saadia , Barakate Mustapha , Markouk Mohamed , Larhsini Mustapha
Published: February 2019

Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from the aerial part of Caralluma europaea and to evaluate the synergistic potential between essential oil and antibiotics.

Methodology: The chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and synergetic interaction between antimicrobial agents and essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial part of C. europaea were evaluated. The chemical composition was analyzed by a Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system. Antioxidant activity was measured employing three methods: scavenging of free radical DPPH, reducing power assay and the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil against microbial strains was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones diameters, and MIC values. The in vitro association between essential oil and some commercial antibiotics was also investigated.

Results: The GC/MS analysis shows that a total of 21 constituents were identified and the main compounds were Terpinolene (19.5%), α-Terpinene (16.2%) and Linalool (15.3%). Antioxidant study showed that essential oil exhibited antioxidant activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.32 mg/ml to 1.45 mg/ml. The results of antimicrobial activity showed that the essential oil had an inhibitory effect against the majority of tested microorganisms except K. pneumonia and  P. aeruginosa. Gram-positive bacteria were found to be more sensitive than Gram-negative ones. Furthermore, essential oil approved an interesting antifungal activity against yeast species. Out of 25 combinations tested 64% showed total synergism, 20% had a partial synergistic interaction and 16% showed no effect. The best synergistic effect was obtained with the combination essential oil-gentamycin.

Conclusion: Our results are of a great importance and suggest that C. europaea essential oil contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties with possible applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
A Simulation Study of the Stresses in Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Laminates during the Soldering and Lamination Processes Along the Longitudinal Direction
Authors: Ridhuan Song Wenjian M. , Tippabhotla Sasi Kumar , Tay Andrew Ah Ong , Budiman Arief Suriadi
Published: February 2019

The fracture of silicon cells is a common reliability issue found in silicon‐based photovoltaic (PV) modules. Cracks initiate and propagate as a result of high residual stresses in silicon cells and cause power losses. In this study, the stresses in the longitudinal cross‐section of a PV laminate during the soldering and lamination processes are simulated and studied. A parametric study of the effect of interconnect thickness and yield strength is also performed and the results show that a peak maximum stress is reached at a certain interconnect to cell thickness ratio.
Vanadate‐Based Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries: The Search for Anodes for Practical Applications
Authors: Ni Shibing , Liu Jilei , Chao Dongliang , Mai Liqiang
Published: February 2019

While the practical application of electrode materials depends intensively on the Li+ ion storage mechanisms correlating ultimately with the coulombic efficiency, reversible capacity, and morphology variation of electrode material upon cycling, only intercalation‐type electrode materials have proven viable for commercialization up to now. This paper reviews the promising anode materials of metal vanadates (MxVyOz, M = Co, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni, Li) that have high capacity, low cost, and abundant resource, and also discusses the related Li+ ion storage mechanism. It is concluded that most of these (MxVyOz, M = Co, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni) exhibit irreversible redox reactions upon lithiation/delithiation accompanied by large volume expansion, which is not favorable for industrial applications. In particular, Li3VO4 with specific intercalation Li+ ion storage mechanism and compatible merits of safety and energy density exhibits great potential for practical application. This review systematically summarizes the latest progress in Li3VO4 research, including the representative fabrication approaches for advanced morphology and state‐of‐the‐art technologies to boost performance and the morphology variation associated with Li+ ion storage mechanisms. Furthermore, an outlook on where breakthroughs for Li3VO4 may be most likely achieved will be provided.
Occupational heat stress management: Does one size fit all?
Authors: Notley Sean R. , Flouris Andreas D. , Kenny Glen P.
Published: February 2019

Heat stress is a deadly occupational hazard that is projected to increase in severity with global warming. While upper limits for heat stress designed to protect all workers have been recommended by occupational safety institutes for some time, heat stress continues to compromise health and productivity. In our view, this is largely explained by the inability of existing guidelines to consider the inter‐individual (age, sex, disease, others) and intra‐individual (medication use, fitness, hydration, others) factors that cause extensive variability in physiological tolerance to a given heat stress. In conditions that do not exceed the recommended limits, this ‘one size fits all’ approach to heat stress management can lead to reductions in productivity in more heat‐tolerant workers, while compromising safety in less heat‐tolerant workers who may develop heat‐related illness, even in temperate conditions. Herein, we discuss future directions in occupational heat stress management that consider this individual variability.
The state of Turner syndrome science: Are we on the threshold of discovery?
Authors: Kruszka Paul , Silberbach Michael
Published: February 2019

Turner syndrome (TS), a genetic condition affecting roughly 1 in 2,000 females, is caused by a complete or partial loss of the second sex chromosome. This special issue of the American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C is a collection of research and clinical care reviews in TS from an international group of physician and scientist leaders who attended the 2018 “Turner Network Resource Symposium: Turner Science in the 21st Century”, held in Arlington Virginia, July 15th‐17th, 2018. Both this special issue and the 2018 Symposium are fueled by two rationales. First, inadequate attention has been given to health and psychosocial problems in girls and women with TS; and second, that an understanding of TS might shed light on the role of sex chromosome dosage in common conditions such as heart disease and autoimmune disease. These seminars interweave multiple themes: the fundamental partnership between participants with rare diseases and researchers, new knowledge regarding clinical care in TS, and an understanding of the “molecular phenotype” of TS‐associated conditions.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C(sp2)−H Activation for the Formation of C−N Bonds: Rapid Access to Benzimidazoquinazolines
Authors: Guo Xiaolong , Hu Jing , Zhang Mengmeng , Wang Luyao
Published: February 2019

A convenient and effective method for Pd‐catalyzed cross‐dehydrogenative C(sp2)−H/N−H couplings to synthesize fused N‐heterocyclic benzimidazoquinazoline derivatives was developed. The reaction employs Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst and Cu(OAc)2 or O2 (from the air) as the terminal oxidant. The strategy uses simple and easily accessible substrates. This method provides a route to azole‐fused heterocycles.
Quick sepsis‐related organ failure assessment score as a possible predictor for in‐hospital adverse events in infective endocarditis
Authors: Tamura Yudai , Nomura Akihiro , Yoshida Shohei , Tada Hayato , Sakata Kenji , Iino Kenji , Furusho Hiroshi , Takamura Masayuki , Takemura Hirofumi , Yamagishi Masakazu , Kawashiri Masa‐aki
Published: February 2019

Aim

Infective endocarditis (IE) can be life‐threatening because of various associated adverse events. The quick Sepsis‐related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score is a straightforward useful method for predicting in‐hospital mortality in patients with suspected infections. However, few data exist regarding the clinical impact of the qSOFA score on predicting adverse events in IE during hospitalization. We studied the usefulness of qSOFA score for predicting in‐hospital adverse events in patients with IE.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 104 consecutive patients diagnosed with IE on the basis of modified Duke criteria. We defined in‐hospital adverse events as occurrence of any of the following events during hospitalization: death, embolism, hemorrhage, or abscess formation. The high qSOFA group was defined as those with a qSOFA score ≥2. We used Cox regression analysis to estimate the hazard ratio for high qSOFA score on in‐hospital adverse events adjusted for age, sex, and Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Results

We analyzed 83 patients (57 men, mean age 61 ± 18 years) from the total cohort of 104 patients enrolled. Among these, 12 (14.5%) had high qSOFA scores. The high qSOFA group had higher in‐hospital mortality compared to the low qSOFA group (50.0% vs. 4.2%, P < 0.01). In the Cox proportional hazards model, high qSOFA was significantly associated with in‐hospital adverse events (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.29; confidence interval, 1.02–5.12; P = 0.044).

Conclusion

These results showed that high qSOFA score was significantly associated with in‐hospital adverse events in IE patients, although further prospective study is necessary to confirm our results.
Superelektrophilie des 1,2‐Azaborins: Bildung von Addukten mit Xenon und Kohlenmonoxid
Authors: Edel Klara , Ishibashi Jacob S. A. , Liu Shih‐Yuan , Bettinger Holger F.
Published: February 2019

Das BN‐Analogon des ortho‐Benzins, 1,2‐Azaborin, bindet Kohlenmonoxid und ein Xenonatom unter den Bedingungen der Matrixisolation, was seine hohe Lewis‐Acidität und Superelektrophilie zeigt. Die Lewis‐Säure‐Base‐Komplexe mit CO und Xe können photochemisch gespalten werden und bilden sich beim leichten Erwärmen der Matrizes zurück. Die Bindungsenergie zwischen 1,2‐Azaborin und Xe beträgt nach quantenchemischen Untersuchungen 3 kcal mol−1, ähnlich der des Xe‐Komplexes des superelektrophilen Carbens Difluorvinyliden.