bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Does clinical stratification or steroid treatment matter?
Authors: Cuerpo Sandra , Moisés Jorge , Hernández-González Fernanda , Benegas Mariana , Ramirez Jose , Sánchez Marcelo , Agustí Àlvar , Sellares Jacobo
Published: August 2019

Acute exacerbation (AE) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is defined as a sudden acceleration of the disease with the appearance of pulmonary infiltrates superimposed on the characteristic pattern of IPF that leads to a significant decline in lung function. It has high in-hospital mortality rates, despite medical treatment with systematic steroids. We sought to investigate whether there were in-hospital mortality differences according to clinical stratification (AE, suspected AE, or AE of known cause) and/or treatment with systemic steroids. We reviewed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with IPF admitted to our hospital during the years 2003–2014 due to a worsening of their clinical status. We identified 50 IPF patients, 9 with AE (18%), 12 with suspected exacerbation (24%), and 29 with AE of known cause (58%), mostly respiratory infections. In-hospital mortality was similar in the three groups (33% vs. 17% vs. 34%, respectively). Likewise, we did not find differences between them with respect to the use of systemic steroids (length of treatment duration or total dose). Nevertheless, there was an independent association between in-hospital mortality and high average daily steroid dose. We did not observe significant differences in prognosis or use of systemic steroids according to current diagnostic stratification groups in patients hospitalized because of an exacerbation of IPF.
Feather waste as a thermal insulation solution: Treatment, elaboration and characterization
Authors: Mrajji Ouahiba , Wazna Mohamed El , Boussoualem Yahia , Bouari Abdeslam El , Cherkaoui Omar
Published: August 2019

The adoption of sustainable behaviors in terms of reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions leads us to search for green, biodegradable, renewable and abundantly available materials. Chicken feather waste is an abundant by-product and its valuation offers a potential solution to these problems. The aim of this work is to improve energy efficiency in construction by developing new insulation materials based on feather waste. Feathers are hazardous, odiferous waste and unfit for direct valorization. It was necessary to carry out different treatments (ethanol, acetone, sodium dodecyl sulfate, hydrogen peroxide and conventional detergents) in order to evaluate their effectiveness in eliminating various foreign bodies resulting from the slaughter, storage or transport of these wastes, also their effects on the physicochemical properties of these residues. The second part of this work is devoted to the development and characterization of new insulation materials, which answers to the energy efficiency regulations in the building in the form of needle-punched nonwoven. The results of the treatments showed efficacy at concentrations between 1 and 2%, but the best results were attributed to treatment with the detergent imopon DPL-V and sodium dodecyl sulfate with no significant differences in structure and the chemical composition; this finding was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The treated fibers were then separated from the rachis manually and inserted into the industrial manufacturing line, with different percentage of wool and cotton waste have been added. Six samples have been developed and characterized in terms of physical and thermal properties. The developed samples have a competitive characteristic in terms of thermal conductivity with values between 0.0313 and 0.04465 W/(m.K). Thus, these insulators will provide an alternative solution for building insulation and environmentally friendly materials.
Latitudinal Psychology: An Ecological Perspective on Creativity, Aggression, Happiness, and Beyond
Authors: Van de Vliert Evert , Van Lange Paul A. M.
Published: August 2019

Are there systematic trends around the world in levels of creativity, aggressiveness, life satisfaction, individualism, trust, and suicidality? This article suggests a new field, latitudinal psychology, that delineates differences in such culturally shared features along northern and southern rather than eastern and western locations. In addition to geographical, ecological, and other explanations, we offer three metric foundations of latitudinal variations: replicability (latitudinal gradient repeatability across hemispheres), reversibility (north-south gradient reversal near the equator), and gradient strength (degree of replicability and reversibility). We show that aggressiveness decreases whereas creativity, life satisfaction, and individualism increase as one moves closer to either the North or South Pole. We also discuss the replicability, reversibility, and gradient strength of (a) temperatures and rainfall as remote predictors and (b) pathogen prevalence, national wealth, population density, and income inequality as more proximate predictors of latitudinal gradients in human functioning. Preliminary analyses suggest that cultural and psychological diversity often need to be partially understood in terms of latitudinal variations in integrated exposure to climate-induced demands and wealth-based resources. We conclude with broader implications, emphasizing the importance of north-south replications in samples that are not from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies.
A large series of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the very elderly
Authors: Lamacchia Guilherme Braga , Korkes Fernando , Baccaglini Willy , de Mello Luiz Gustavo Miolaro , Szwarc Marcelo , Tobias-Machado Marcos
Published: August 2019

Background:

The incidence of urinary lithiasis has been increasing in recent decades at all ages, including the elderly. In parallel, the world population is aging and there is a paucity of data on treatment of urinary stones in very elderly people. Our main objective was to evaluate the effects of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) in patients older than 75 years, and the characteristics of this population. Complications and mortality rates after this procedure in octogenarians were also described.

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated very elderly patients who underwent ESWL at our institution from 1998 to 2015, through chart review, telephone interviews, and consultation with the municipal mortality information program. Measured outcomes included demographic and clinical data, ESWL characteristics and complications, interval between ESWL and death, and cause of death.

Results:

Demographic and treatment characteristics were similar between very elderly and younger patients who underwent ESWL during the same period. No severe complications occurred among older patients. Octogenarians treated in our cohort had a significant life expectancy when ESWL procedures were performed. Even though 38.9% of the patients passed away during the studied period, mortality occurred on average 4.38 years after the ESWL session.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, ESWL has been used by urologists as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated urinary calculi in very elderly patients. Despite changes associated with aging, and the high prevalence of comorbidities, this procedure seems to be safe and well tolerated in elderly people.
A Rejection Mind-Set: Choice Overload in Online Dating
Authors: Pronk Tila M. , Denissen Jaap J. A.
Published: August 2019

The paradox of modern dating is that online platforms provide more opportunities to find a romantic partner than ever before, but people are nevertheless more likely to be single. We hypothesized the existence of a rejection mind-set: The continued access to virtually unlimited potential partners makes people more pessimistic and rejecting. Across three studies, participants immediately started to reject more hypothetical and actual partners when dating online, cumulating on average in a decrease of 27% in chance on acceptance from the first to the last partner option. This was explained by an overall decline in satisfaction with pictures and perceived dating success. For women, the rejection mind-set also resulted in a decreasing likelihood of having romantic matches. Our findings suggest that people gradually “close off” from mating opportunities when online dating.
Outcome of biological therapies in chronic antibiotic‐refractory pouchitis: A retrospective single‐centre experience
Authors: Verstockt Bram , Claeys Charlotte , De Hertogh Gert , Van Assche Gert , Wolthuis Albert , D’Hoore André , Vermeire Séverine , Ferrante Marc
Published: August 2019

Background

In limited retrospective series, infliximab, adalimumab and vedolizumab have demonstrated efficacy in chronic antibiotic‐refractory pouchitis. Here, we report single‐centre data of all biological therapies in refractory pouchitis.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed all records from patients with ulcerative colitis and ileal pouch ‐anal anastomosis who received infliximab, adalimumab or vedolizumab for pouchitis. Clinically relevant remission, defined as a modified Pouchitis Disease Activity Index <5 and a reduction of modified Pouchitis Disease Activity Index ≥2 points from baseline, was assessed at week 14.

Results

Thirty‐three unique patients were identified. Prior to colectomy, patients had been exposed to cyclosporine (n = 14), infliximab (n = 12), adalimumab (n = 3), and/or vedolizumab (n = 3). All developed chronic antibiotic‐refractory pouchitis, for which they received infliximab (n = 23), adalimumab (n = 13) or vedolizumab (n = 15). Clinically relevant remission was observed in 43.5% of patients in the infliximab group, and in 38.5% and 60.0% in the adalimumab and vedolizumab group, respectively. In the long‐term, significantly more patients continued vedolizumab compared to anti‐tumour necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapy (hazard ratio 3.0, p = 0.04). Adverse events (mainly infusion reactions) explained 40.7% of the patients discontinuing anti‐TNF therapy, whereas discontinuation of vedolizumab was only related to insufficient efficacy. Four patients eventually required a permanent ileostomy.

Conclusion

In this case series of chronic antibiotic‐refractory pouchitis, biological therapy was effective in the majority of patients and only a minority eventually required a permanent ileostomy. The use of anti‐TNF agents was hampered by a high rate of adverse events, partly related to immunogenicity as some patients had been exposed to anti‐TNF prior to colectomy. Vedolizumab was also efficacious and may provide a safe alternative in these chronic antibiotic‐refractory pouchitis patients.
Considering on the Bigger Picture of Public Health: Student Reflections on University Mission
Authors: Baer Alyssa M. , Tovar Linda I. , Chaney Robert A.
Published: August 2019

Public health remains dedicated to the mission of prolonging life, promoting health, and preventing disease, and with what some may consider theological connections to assisting the poor and needy. The connection of public health and theology derives from the historical role and training of clergy taking care of the marginalized and underserved worldwide. Today, Brigham Young University (BYU), a university founded and supported by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS), along with other faith-based universities try to tie student academic experience to a strong university mission. Consequently, BYU develops program curricula with the university mission and aims as guiding principles within each offered course. Innate in the mission and aims of BYU is the effort to help students achieve academic excellence and realize their human potential. This article presents a way to explore critical reflection within the academic training of future public health professionals using religious topics, as it relates to the university mission, for classroom discussion. Reflection in the classroom setting is used to promote character and career development for public health students. Through instructor-led discussion, students are encouraged to expand their abilities to internalize public health related information while cultivating innovative thinking and connections to fellow students. Suggestions for reflection activity application with instructor-led discussion are provided while exploring different settings and topics in which the recommended reflection practice can be developed and applied within private and public academic settings.
Questioning post-political perspectives on the psychological state: Behavioural public policy in the Netherlands
Authors: Whitehead Mark , Jones Rhys , Pykett Jessica
Published: August 2019

Behavioural public policy is associated with the rising influence of psychological and behavioural sciences on systems of government. Related policies are based on the assumption of human irrationality and use a series of often unconsciously oriented policy tools to pursue varied public policy goals. This paper argues that existing critical analyses of behavioural public policy can be categorized as post-political in their orientation. Post-political theory is primarily concerned with how political consensuses, particularly around expert forms of government administration, tend to close off opportunities for political contestation and challenge. Drawing on an empirical case study of emerging forms of behavioural public policy in the Netherlands, this paper challenges some of the core assumptions of post-political critiques of behavioural governance. The case of the Netherlands is also used to challenge the often absolutist assumptions about the nature of the political, expertise, and consensus that characterize post-political forms of inquiry more generally.
MELK mediates the stability of EZH2 through site-specific phosphorylation in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Li Boheng , Yan Junli , Phyu The , Fan Shuangyi , Chung Tae-Hoon , Mustafa Nurulhuda , Lin Baohong , Wang Lingzhi , Eichhorn Pieter Johan Adam , Goh Boon-Cher , Ng Siok-Bian , Kappei Dennis , Chng Wee-Joo
Published: August 2019

This article describes the interplay between the serine/threonine kinase maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) and the enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) and provides a basis for targeting this enzymatic pathway in mature natural killer/T-cell malignancies.
Preconception Leptin and Fecundability, Pregnancy, and Live Birth Among Women With a History of Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Plowden Torie C , Zarek Shvetha M , DeVilbiss Elizabeth A , Radoc Jeannie G , Kim Keewan , Sjaarda Lindsey A , Schisterman Enrique F , Silver Robert M , Kuhr Daniel L , Omosigho Ukpebo R , Yeung Edwina H , Mumford Sunni L
Published: August 2019

Context

With the increase of obesity, it is imperative to understand the neuroendocrine mechanisms, including the neuroendocrine hormone leptin, by which obese or overweight women are at increased risk for subfertility and infertility.

Objective

The objective was to examine associations between preconception serum leptin concentrations, fecundability, pregnancy, and live birth.

Design

Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort among women with prior pregnancy losses.

Setting

The study was conducted at four US medical centers (2006 to 2012).

Intervention

Not available.

Materials and Methods

Preconception serum leptin concentrations were measured at baseline, and women were followed for up to six menstrual cycles, and throughout pregnancy if they conceived. Discrete Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess fecundability odds ratios (FORs) and log-binomial regression to estimate risk ratios (RRs) for pregnancy and live birth. Models were adjusted for age, physical activity, treatment arm, and adiposity, either by measured waist-to-hip ratio or body mass index (BMI).

Results

High leptin concentrations were associated with decreased fecundability (FOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58, 0.90), reduced risk of pregnancy (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78, 0.96) and live birth (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65, 0.89) comparing the upper to the lower tertile. However, adjustment for BMI in lieu of waist-to-hip ratio nullified observed associations.

Conclusions

In women with a history of pregnancy loss, relations between higher preconception leptin and fecundability were attenuated after adjustment for BMI, although not after adjustment for other markers of adiposity. Leptin may serve as a complementary marker of adiposity for assessment of obesity and reproductive outcomes.
Peace and Beyond: Women's Activist Alliances under Turkey's “Regime of Emergency”
Authors: Göksel Nisa
Published: August 2019

This essay begins with the formation of solidarities among women's movements in Turkey during the period of the peace process. It focuses on events that took place between March 8, 2013, the beginning of the peace process, and March 8, 2017, when women activists in Turkey joined the International Women's Strike. Despite the collapse of the peace process and the resumption of war in the summer of 2015, women activists continued to struggle under the Turkish government's emergency regime. This essay addresses the ways in which the peace process and its termination affected relations among activist women, both Kurdish and non-Kurdish, as they have sought to confront Turkey's “new” emergency regime. Many women's groups lost their institutional footing due to the emergency regime's forced closure of women's organizations and its arrest of numerous activists, parliamentarians, and co-mayors. In this context, the essay demonstrates, women are left with no choice but to strengthen their alliances and to radicalize their movements against the state's authoritarian regime.
Critical Times / La tierra tiembla
Authors: Gago Verónica , Ni Una Menos
Published: August 2019

Los textos de este dossier muestran cómo la herramienta del paro está siendo apropiada y reinventada por los movimientos feministas para politizar la cuestión de la violencia contra las mujeres y los cuerpos feminizados y conectarla con las violencias sociales, económicas y políticas. En particular, es notable cómo el impacto y los significados del paro se ampliaron gracias a una multiplicidad de alianzas inesperadas y de coaliciones que fueron impulsadas con este horizonte organizativo. Este proceso político, además, está produciendo dinámicas que tejen un nuevo internacionalismo, en el que la precariedad es un punto en común pero singularizado a partir de conflictos concretos. De este modo, las luchas feministas están elaborando nuevas imágenes de contrapoder, formas de soberanía popular que desafían la fe estatal, insurgencias que renuevan dinámicas de decisión y autonomía, y formas de auto-defensa y fuerza colectiva.
Migrating Tactics: An Interview with Ewa Majewska and Katarzyna Rakowska
Authors: Kaletzky Marianne , McGlazer Ramsey
Published: August 2019

This interview considers Polish feminists’ participation in both the Black Monday protests of October 3, 2016, and the International Women's Strike held on March 8, 2017. Majewska and Rakowska attest to the long process of organizing and the ongoing histories that these strikes continued. These are histories of workers’ struggle as much as of feminist activism, and both Majewska and Rakowska speak to the inseparability of feminist efforts—including work for reproductive justice—from broader anti-capitalist projects in Poland and beyond. The interviewees thus repeatedly link the women's strikes to movements opposing austerity, environmental despoliation, precarization, and nationalism.
Clausewitz and la pensée 68
Authors: Alliez Éric , Lazzarato Maurizio
Published: August 2019

In the aftermath of the Second World War, revolutionary movements remained dependent on Leninist theories and practices in their attempts to grasp the new relationship between war and capital. Yet these theories and practices failed to address the global “cold civil war” represented by the events of 1968. This article will show that in the 1970s this task was not undertaken by “professional revolutionaries” or in their Maoist discourse of “protracted war” and its “generalized Clauzewitzian strategy.” Rather, the problem was addressed by Michel Foucault, on the one hand, and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, on the other. Each produced a radical break in the conception of war and of its constitutive relationship with capitalism, taking up the confrontation with Clausewitz to reverse the famous formula such that war was not to be understood as the continuation of politics (which determines its ends). Politics was, on the contrary, to be understood as an element and strategic modality of the whole constituted by war. The ambition of la pensée 68, as represented by Foucault and Deleuze and Guattari, was not to make this reversal into a simple permutation of the formula's terms, but rather to develop a radical critique of the concepts of “war” and “politics” presupposed by Clausewitz's formula.
A theory of change for community interventions to prevent domestic violence against women and girls in Mumbai, India
Authors: Daruwalla Nayreen , Jaswal Surinder , Fernandes Prakash , Pinto Preethi , Hate Ketaki , Ambavkar Gauri , Kakad Bhaskar , Gram Lu , Osrin David
Published: August 2019

Background:We describe the development of a theory of change for community mobilisation activities to prevent violence against women and girls. These activities are part of a broader program in urban India that works toward primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of violence and includes crisis response and counselling and medical, police, and legal assistance.

Methods:The theory of change was developed in five phases, via expert workshops, use of primary data, recurrent team meetings, adjustment at further meetings and workshops, and a review of published theories.

Results:The theory summarises inputs for primary and secondary prevention, consequent changes (positive and negative), and outcomes. It is fully adapted to the program context, was designed through an extended consultative process, emphasises secondary prevention as a pathway to primary prevention, and integrates community activism with referral and counselling interventions.

Conclusions:The theory specifies testable causal pathways to impact and will be evaluated in a controlled trial.
The knife crime epidemic: In defence of schools
Authors: Ward Matt
Published: August 2019

The ongoing knife crime epidemic in our cities has sparked a sound-bite response from politicians and others, who seem set on blaming schools. Matt Ward shares his views
Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) 2019 was in Turkey a Second Time
Authors: Karpak Birsen
Published: August 2019

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Preliminary analysis of PGRP-LC gene and structure characteristics in bumblebees
Authors: Chen Minming , Ye Nanhui , Liu Yanjie , An Jiandong
Published: August 2019

PGRP-LC is a significant pattern recognition receptor of the insect innate immune system that can recognize peptidoglycans and activate immune signaling pathways regulating the expression and release of antimicrobial peptides against infection. We for the first time analyzed the phylogenetic tree, purification and structure of bumblebee PGRP-LC. The results showed high conservation of bumblebee PGRP-LC among the 16 bumblebee species, and further phylogenetic analysis showed that the PGRP-LC phylogeny of different subgenera (Subterraneobombus, Megabombus, Melanobombus, Bombus) is consistent with that of the COI gene. Additionally, the phylogeny of PGRP-LCs among Bombus, Apis and the solitary bee Megachile rotundata coincides with the sociality evolution of bees. Moreover, bumblebee PGRP-LC (Bl-PGRP-LC) shares the Drosophila PGRP-LCx and PGRP-LCa topology, retaining conserved disulfide bonds and 80% binding residues involved in the interaction between TCT and PGRP-LCx. Therefore, Bl-PGRP-LC might share some similar binding characteristics with Drosophila PGRP-LCx. In addition, Bl-PGRP-LC has shorter β5 and β1 sheets, longer β2, β3, and β4 sheets and a shallow binding groove. To determine the characteristics of Bl-PGRP-LC, high-purity PGRP-LC inclusion bodies, soluble GST-tag Bl-PGRP-LC fusion protein and soluble pure Bl-PGRP-LC were obtained in vitro. The results will be helpful for further study of the function and structure of Bl-PGRP-LC.
In remembrance of human glory: Yusuf Al-Ani’s living ghosts
Authors: Al-Musawi Muhsin
Published: August 2019

Yusuf al-Ani’s commitment to have artistic expression play a leading role in the effort to raise popular consciousness through artists’ accurate portrayals of the social and political condition of Iraq and the wider Arab world are examined in the context of his remembrances of contributors he witnessed over the length of his career. Al-Ani’s career-long effort to promote Iraqi theatre, cinema and the arts through collaboration and the acknowledgement of stylistic and intellectual influencers is explored through the prism of his 1999 volume Shakhsiyyāt wa dhikrayāt (‘Personalities and memories’). In this collection al-Ani investigated a wide array of voices through a memorialization of Iraqi and other Arab intellectuals, artists and educators. A close examination of his vignettes of these varied influences establishes a sensibility in which to better appreciate the contributions and interventions made in the past for their impact(s) on artistic expression in the present. The depth of his analysis and the layered portraits that he provides of his subjects drive home the vast assemblage of al-Ani’s friendships, engagements and correspondences with Iraqi and Arab intellectual milieus. Through personalized portraits and laser-like identifications of individual contributions al-Ani provides a focus on the opportunity that Iraqis were afforded to embrace and develop their talents in the arts. Despite his indefatigable efforts and consistent humour the volume supports a critical conclusion of the role of the state and political power in its stifling of artistic expression and social advance through the arts.
Das coisas visíveis e invisíveis
Authors: Faria Trigo Isa Maria
Published: August 2019

Esse texto é um relato sobre a vivência da autora na gestão da Assessoria Especial de Cultura e Artes (ASCULT) da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), que pretende, a partir de exemplos e narrativas, refletir sobre caminhos criativos para a gestão e para o trato com a cultura e as artes no âmbito da universidade pública e gratuita.
Universidade, cultura e políticas culturais
Authors: Albino Canelas Rubim Antonio
Published: August 2019

Este texto discute sobre como as políticas e planos de cultura podem produzir uma sintonia fina entre universidade e sociedade, tão imprescindível para o desenvolvimento e a democratização do Brasil.
O ensino da produção cultural entre o mercado e a Universidade
Authors: Machado Gustavo Portella
Published: August 2019

As condições laborais da produção cultural têm positivado uma racionalidade neoliberal, normatizando a precarização do trabalho ao mesmo tempo em que responsabiliza os trabalhadores pelo sucesso individual e pelo sucesso da economia geral. No entanto, nos últimos vinte anos, houve um crescimento quantitativo dos estudos e do ensino em produção cultural. Dessa forma, propõe-se entender a profissionalização de produtores e produtoras culturais entre uma formação crítica dentro da Universidade e uma formação própria do mercado neoliberal. A questão central aqui é se as universidades devem adaptar os indivíduos a essas regras de mercado e/ou devem colaborar na construção de um discurso de enfrentamento. Para tanto, foi realizada: uma revisão de mapeamentos sobre formação em produção cultural no Brasil; um estudo sobre as condições laborais dispostas na Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações (CBO); e uma análise, a partir de entrevista semiestruturada da trajetória de uma recém-graduada no curso de produção cultural da Universidade Federal Fluminense, a fim de entender como o ensino e o contato com políticas culturais nesse espaço podem modificar a atuação de um indivíduo no campo.
Cultura e extensão universitária
Authors: Pozzer Márcio Rogério Olivato , Eduardo Trevisan de Leon Luis
Published: August 2019

As universidades brasileiras carecem historicamente de políticas voltadas para a cultura e extensão, que, dentre as atividades acadêmicas, tenderam sempre a ser as menos valorizadas. A partir de 2003, deu-se início a um novo ciclo de políticas públicas educacionais que resultou em uma expansão da oferta de vagas, sobretudo em instituições públicas federais, sem precedentes na história brasileira. Concomitante a tal processo, o Ministério da Educação passou a formular uma política nacional para a extensão, que recebeu o nome de Proext. Em 2008, o Ministério da Cultura criou o Proext Cultura, com vistas a interagir com as culturas produzidas dentro e no entorno das universidades, e que teve impacto significante nas universidades e, principalmente, na política gestada pela pasta da educação, sendo incorporada integralmente ao Proext, que passou a destinar parcela significativa dos recursos da extensão para projetos culturais das universidades públicas. No geral, esse programa se expandiu até 2016, quando foi bruscamente interrompido pelo governo federal. Contudo, ainda que importante, e detentor de um recurso expressivo, tal política não foi suficiente para transformar efetivamente as realidades acadêmicas.
Benzeção
Authors: Custódio Elivaldo Serrão , Videira Piedade Lino , Souza Fábio José do Espírito Santo , Ferreira João Felype Barreto
Published: August 2019

Neste artigo, abordaremos a benzeção, uma prática comum na Amazônia e em várias comunidades tradicionais do Estado do Amapá. As mulheres denominadas benzendeiras/curandeiras e/ou parteiras exercem um papel sociocultural e espiritual fundamental em suas comunidades. O presente texto trata-se de um trabalho reflexivo de cunho qualitativo que utilizou a pesquisa bibliográfica, a análise documental, a observação direta e a entrevista como forma de investigação. A pesquisa revelou que o conhecimento das benzendeiras/curandeiras e parteiras está ameaçado de extinção no Amapá porque as gerações atuais não demonstram interesse em aprender essa prática de cura. Outra ameaça consiste na mudança de religião de algumas dessas mulheres e/ou familiares que, ao ingressarem nas igrejas evangélicas neopentecostais, abandonam seu ofício/dom espiritual por ser considerado prática demoníaca nesses ambientes.
Da educação à educação "por direito"
Authors: Souza Iael de
Published: August 2019

A educação tem uma função social para a reprodução social, mas é apropriada pelo capital e passa a atender aos interesses e necessidades da classe que detêm os meios de produção material e, por conseguinte, também os espirituais. Ao lutar por educação, os movimentos sociais e, em particular, os movimentos sociais do campo acabam caindo na ilusória armadilha de serem “sujeitos de direitos” e passam a ter seus ideais e propostas descaracterizados e ressignificados pelo Estado de Direito através de suas políticas ditas “públicas”. Afinal, qual educação devem os movimentos sociais e o movimento social do campo, em particular, construir? Qual a forma de organização mais adequada à luta da classe trabalhadora contra o capital? Eis algumas das questões que este pequeno ensaio teórico procura analisar, evidenciando alguns dos múltiplos e contraditórios fatores que perpassam a educação “por direito” conquistada pelos movimentos sociais do campo, elencando alguns apontamentos para repensar a práxis na luta do trabalho contra o capital.
Social-ecological research for the transformation to a sustainable economy: Opening up new perspectives for change
Authors: Walz Rainer , Wilhelm Ralph
Published: August 2019

Reaching the Sustainable Development Goals requires a transformation to a sustainable economy. This special issue presents new scientific results produced within projects of the funding measure Sustainable Economy, which is part of the Social-Ecological Research (SOEF)
funding priority of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The articles focus on new lines of inquiry with regard to impacts, governance approaches, and sector-specific conditions and options for a transformation to a sustainable economy.
The importance of spirituality dimensions in the development of entrepreneurship
Authors: Sirine Hani , Kurniawati Elisabeth Penti
Published: August 2019

Human being as spiritual being needs to be nurtured spiritually so that they can be optimal in their work and their calling. Actualization of this calling can be made through entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to determine the importance of spiritual dimensions (vision, faith/hope, love altruistic, meaning/calling, membership) in the development of entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship intention, entrepreneurial networking, entrepreneurial capability, and entrepreneurial success). The analysis technique of this study uses multiple linear regressions with a sample of 67 graduates of Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana (UKSW) who have had and run their own business. The results show that the spirituality dimensions (vision, faith/hope, altruistic love, meaning/calling, membership) significantly influence entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial networking, entrepreneurial capability, and entrepreneurial success. When it is tested partially, the significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intention is vision and faith/hope. Faith/hope also has significant positive effects on entrepreneurial networking. Vision, faith/hope, and meaning/calling has significant positive effects on entrepreneurial capabilities. Lastly, faith/hope, and meaning/calling has significant positive effects on entrepreneurial success.
Lignan glycosides from the stems of Viburnum melanocarpum and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity
Authors: Zhao Chunchao , Chen Jia , Shao Jianhua , Shen Jie , Gu Wenyan , Zhang Xiaohui , Sha Yusi
Published: August 2019

Two new lignan glycosides (1, 2) and four known lignan glycosides (3–6) have been isolated from the ethanolic extract of the stems of Viburnum melanocarpum through repeated column chromatography. Their structures including absolute configurations were confirmed by spectroscopic data [one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra (HRESIMS), optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and circular dichroism (CD)] and chemical methods. Additionally, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of these compounds was tested in vitro. Compound 1 exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 10.3 μM.
Comparison of the effect of Myrtus communis herbal and anti-hemorrhoid ointments on the hemorrhoid symptoms and quality of life in postpartum women with grade I and II internal hemorrhoid: A triple-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Malekuti Jamileh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Samadi Khadijeh , Abbasalizadeh Fatemeh , Khodaei Laleh
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Due to the effects of hemorrhoids on physical and mental health, this study aimed to compare the effect of Myrtus communis herbal and anti-hemorrhoid ointments on symptoms of hemorrhoid and quality of life (primary outcomes) and satisfaction of the treatment and side effects (secondary outcomes).

Methods

This triple-blind randomized controlled trial was performed on women with grade I and II hemorrhoid referring to health centers in Tehran, Iran, in 2017. Individuals were randomly assigned to two groups of 67 people through block randomization method. The intervention group received the Myrtus communis herbal ointment and the control group received anti-hemorrhoid ointment twice a day, every 12 ± 2 h, an applicator of the drug through the rectum for 4 weeks. The Colorectal Evaluation of a Clinical Therapeutics Scale (CORECTS) was used to assess the severity of symptoms of hemorrhoid. To assess the quality of life, the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to measure the general quality of life of participants. This questionnaire was completed once before the start of the study, then on the fourth and the eighth week after the start of the intervention. Repeated measure ANOVA, Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U and independent t-test were used for data analysis.

Results

The severity of all symptoms of hemorrhoid decreased in both two group and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). However, the mean of anal itching at 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention was significantly lower in the Myrtus communis ointment group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of quality of life at 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention (p>0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of satisfaction with the drug (p=0.019) and the participants in the Myrtus communis ointment group were more satisfied with their drug use.

Conclusions

Myrtus communis herbal ointment was able to reduce the symptoms of hemorrhoid in the affected women. Therefore, it is likely that the use of this drug will promote the health of mothers with hemorrhoid.
Changes in structural and optical properties due to γ-irradiation of MgO nanoparticles
Authors: Amini Maryam , Majles Ara Mohammad Hossein
Published: August 2019

In this research, the influence of γ-irradiation on the optical and structural properties of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles was studied. The MgO nanoparticles were irradiated with doses 100 Gy, 1 kGy, 10 kGy and 20 kGy from 60Co source. The as-synthesized samples of MgO nanoparticles prepared by the sol-gel technique were analyzed by XRD which suggested the double phase; cubic and hexagonal structures of the material. The crystal defects that produced in the cubic and hexagonal lattice were studied before and after 60Co γ-irradiation in a gamma cell by different dose rates in order to report the changes in structural properties of the MgO nanoparticles. The irradiated and un-irradiated samples were characterized by XRD and UV–Vis. The XRD pattern of MgO nanoparticles is showed that the crystal size of MgO nanoparticles being increased with increasing the γ-ray dose rate. For optical absorption, the UV–Visible absorption spectra of MgO nanoparticles are showed that when the dose rate is increased, the value of band gap is decreased. Also, the experimental values of the mass attenuation coefficient of MgO nanoparticles have been calculated before and after γ-irradiation by using the gamma spectroscopy method. Therefore, the results are showed that γ-ray irradiation has various effects on structural, morphological and optical properties.
Compliance of medical biochemistry education in medical schools with national core education program 2014
Authors: Erdem S. Sibel , Yiğitbaşı Türkan , Yigit Pakize , Emekli Nesrin
Published: August 2019

Background

Medical school curriculums are not standardized in Turkey and around the world, which results in great diversity in education. National Core Education Program (NCEP) has been prepared as a frame program and the aim of the program is to train medical doctors with basic abilities.

Objective

The objective of this work is to compare biochemistry curriculum based on NCEP among medical schools in Turkey.

Materials and methods

Twelve-question long survey was prepared. Sixty-nine out 84 medical schools were participated the study using 2017–2018 curriculum data. Biochemistry curriculums of medical schools are compared based on NCEP 2014.

Results

Number of biochemistry hours and content of the lectures varies among medical schools. While biochemistry was intensely studied in the first and second years of the education program, biochemistry hours and number of universities offering biochemistry have dramatically decreased after the second year. Clinical biochemistry questions had lower positive response. Accredited medical schools include NCEP subjects in their curriculum in higher ratio than the unaccredited ones.

Conclusion

Biochemistry curriculum shows variation among medical schools. Addition of clinical biochemistry beyond second year would improve NCEP adaptation. Multidisciplinary approach and vertical integration should be employed to improve quality of medical education.
Educación y Reforma Municipal: prácticas deliberativas en los Consejos Municipales
Authors: Guerrero Portales Rudy
Published: August 2019

En este ensayo se analizan las necesidades de educación no formal para el fortalecimiento de las prácticas democráticas en los debates y deliberaciones de los consejos municipales en el marco de la reforma municipal que se inicia en abril de 2002, con la promulgación del nuevo Código Municipal en Costa Rica.

La institución municipal tan desprestigiada a lo largo de los años, no sólo tiene la oportunidad de revertir su imagen, sino que en buena medida, afrontar desafíos y proyecciones en un escenario local que reclama cambios y que las competencias que otorga la nueva legislación municipal pueden consolidar una verdadera plataforma de lucha regional. En este planteamiento se analizarán algunas necesidades educativas.
La noción de familia de niñas y niños preescolares costarricenses y centroamericanos, en Costa Rica
Authors: Arce Villalobos Doris Rocío , Carballo León Alejandra , Castro Castro Karla Alejandra , Pereira Pérez Zulay
Published: August 2019

La División de Educación Básica del CIDE, Universidad Nacional, realizó una investigación cuyos resultados se constituyen en un aporte, para que el conocimiento de los factores relacionados con la diversidad cultural existente dentro de las aulas, no se considere como un obstáculo en los procesos de construcción de conocimientos. En este sentido, se parte de la idea de que acercarse a comprender las nociones de familia de las niñas y los niños, es inherente al reto que cada educador debe asumir si está dispuesto a apropiarse de una actitud de compromiso en la promoción de procesos educativos contextualizados, que tengan como eje las diferencias individuales y culturales de los estudiantes.
Diversidad, diferencia y accesibilidad: Enfoques educativos en el discurso de la diversidad
Authors: Terré Camacho Orlando , Miranda Cervantes Giselle
Published: August 2019

Este artículo plantea la necesidad ineludible de compartir la construcción de un nuevo escenario escolar, más diverso y más plural, que permita adoptar propuestas y soluciones de acuerdo con los diferentes contextos sociales y culturales propios para establecer líneas prioritarias basadas en la equiparación de oportunidades y la igualdad de derechos.

Plantea la necesidad de reformular, cuántas veces sea necesario, el concepto de diversidad, para asumir y valorar las múltiples necesidades del individuo y hacer de las mismas la base fundamental de la planificación de la sociedad, en la cual la accesibilidad sea el proceso en el que se potencian todas las áreas del individuo, mediante el cambio de actitudes y las adaptaciones necesarias basadas, fundamentalmente, en el logro de la máxima funcionalidad y autonomía.
Perspectiva de niños y niñas preescolares, de seis direcciones regionales, acerca de sus procesos educativos
Authors: Castro Pérez Marianella , González Quirós Ana Cecilia , Induni Alfaro Gina , Pereira Pérez Zulay , Umaña Fernández Willy
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo analiza la perspectiva de niños y niñas preescolares acerca de sus procesos educativos. Retoma sólo una parte de la información aportada mediante un Test de Oraciones Incompletas y representaciones gráficas, que forma parte de una investigación titulada Perfiles, Dinámicas y Desafíos del Sistema Educativo Formal Costarricense. Dicha investigación se realizó en seis direcciones regionales educativas del país, y abarcó los niveles de preescolar, educación general básica, educación diversificada y universidad. Se trata de la primera investigación integrada entre las diferentes Unidades Académicas del Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Educación, de la Universidad Nacional y adscrita al Programa Educación y Desarrollo.
Fundamentos del enfoque de competencias para la vida y de la transversalidad en el Ministerio de Educación Pública
Authors: Bustos Rojas Ingrid , Richmond González Viviana
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo aborda la visión de mundo, de persona, de conocimiento, de desarrollo humano, de fenómeno educativo, de currículo y de proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las que parte la transversalidad en el Ministerio de Educación Pública (MEP) de Costa Rica. A partir de este fundamento, se presenta la conceptualización de temas transversales, eje transversal y competencias para la vida, como los elementos básicos para el desarrollo de este modelo en el Sistema Educativo Costarricense.
Conexión entre la escuela y otras instituciones de la comunidad
Authors: Vargas Hernández Ana Sofía
Published: August 2019

La escuela es una de las muchas instituciones que pertenecen al Estado, por lo tanto, no se puede pensar que está aislada, aunque algunos piensen que sí. Las relaciones que se establecen entre la escuela y otras instituciones de la comunidad, enriquecen el proceso educativo, lo hacen más dinámico y más agradable. Este artículo señala cómo se pueden aprovechar los vínculos existentes entre las distintas instituciones de una sociedad con la escuela, si se considera a esta como la encargada de preparar a la niñez y a la juventud para que puedan enfrentar y desarrollar, exitosamente, su papel dentro de los entornos social, educativo, político, económico y religioso.
Estrategias metodológicas utilizadas por docentes que atienden niñas y niños preescolares de 2 a 4 años de edad
Authors: Barrantes Alpízar Bertha , Corrales Torres Éricka , González Rodríguez Viviana , Pereira Pérez Zulay , Rodríguez Fallas Eilyn
Published: August 2019

Se analizaron mediante 120 observaciones de aula, las estrategias que utilizan las docentes para atender niñas y niños de 2 a 4 años de edad. La principal conclusión indica que existe una brecha, entre lo que las educadoras dicen que hacen y lo que realmente muestran en su ejercicio profesional.