bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Inner Cavity’s Gas Flow Rate on the Extrusion Forming of Plastic Micro-Pipe
Authors: Ren Zhong , Huang Xing Yuan
Published: May 2020

During the manufacture of plastic micro-pipe, a certain volume of gas should be properly injected into the inner cavity to overcome the collapse and adhesion problems. In this work, the extrusion forming of plastic micro-tube under the role of inner cavity’s gas were numerically studied. At the same time, the effect of inner cavity’s gas flow rate on the extrusion deformation of plastic micro-pipe was also numerically investigated by using the finite element method. A kind of 2D two-phase fluid geometric model and finite element mesh were established and some reasonable boundary conditions and material parameters were imposed. Under a fixed volume flow rate of melt, different flow rates of inner cavity gas were imposed on the inlet of inner cavity’s gas. The extrusion deformation profile and deformation ratio of plastic micro-pipe under different flow rates of gas were all obtained. To ascertain the mechanisms of effect of inner cavity’s gas flow rate on the extrusion deformation of plastic micro-tube, the flow velocities, pressure, shear rate, normal stress, and the first normal stress difference of melt all obtained and analyzed. Numerical results show that with the increase of inner cavity’s gas flow rate, the radial velocity, axial velocity, pressure, shear rate, normal stress, and the first normal stress difference of melt all increase, which makes the extrusion deformation become more and more serious. In practice, reasonable controlling of the inner cavity’s gas flow rate is very important. In the other hand, it can adjust the size of extruded plastic micro-pipe.
Synthesis of a Flame Retardant and Hydrophobic Epoxy Resin with Multiple Elements Synergistic Effect for Tunnel Seepage Prevention Application
Authors: Lin Bin
Published: May 2020

Epoxy resin (EP) mortar usually used to repair the cracking of concrete structure under damp environment, but EP is extremely flammable, thus it’s extremely imperative to design a novel multifunction EP grouting materials with flame retardancy and waterproofness for the practical application. Targeting ingenious decoration of EP grouting materials, multiple flame retardant elements (phosphorus, nitrogen and fluorine) are concurrently introduced into a fire retardant and the fire retardant defined as DDM-FNP. The obtained DDM-FNP/EP grouting composite possess high thermal stability, flame retardancy and hydrophobicity. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of DDM-FNP/EP composites has a significant improve, which is increased from 26.7 (EP-0) to 35.8 (EP-4). Composites with more than 10 wt% of DDM-FNP could pass UL-94 V-0 rating without dripping. Compared with EP-0, the PHRR and THR of EP-4 are decreased by 31.1% and 21.6%, respectively. In addition, due to the introduction of the F element, the water contact angle of EP composites is changed from 75.2° (hydrophilicity) to 98.6° (hydrophobicity) after the introduction of a certain amount of DDM-FNP flame retardant. Therefore, this work provide a new perspective to design a multifunction EP grouting composite and improve the value of practical application on seepage prevention of tunnel.
Isolation and identification of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria from the sediments of the Qeshm Island mangrove forest
Authors: Javid Pegah , Zadabbas Shahabadi Hassan , Amirkhani Homeyra , Amrollahi Narges , Ranjbar Mohammad Sharif
Published: May 2020

Due to specific environmental and ecological conditions, mangrove forests are known as marine transitional zones between sea and land, and, as such, they host organisms with high ecological plasticity. The mangrove forests of Qeshm Island (Iran) are relatively pristine habitats and represent an ideal target for investigating patterns of either aquatic or benthic biodiversity. To provide insights on microbial diversity in this area, nineteen halophilic and halotolerant bacteria were isolated from the sediments in 2017 during low tide. The extracted bacterial strains were studied morphologically by streaking, initial observation of colonies and bacterial staining, and characterized using a battery of biochemical tests including KOH, MR, VP, urease, TSI, S/I/M, Mac, LIA, ODC, ADH, oxidase, catalase, and tryptophan deaminase. The optimum growth of halophilic bacteria was observed in salt concentrations from 5 to 20% NaCl, whereas the extreme halophilic Gram-positive strain grew in salt concentration of up to 30% NaCl. Molecular analyses were also carried out on four halophilic strains and one extreme halophilic gram-positive bacteria. Phylogenetic taxonomy analysis, after 16S rDNA gene Sanger sequencing, revealed that the halophilic bacteria were closely related to the strain types of the genus Bacillus including Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus Paralicheniformis and Bacillus sp. with 99% bootstrap value. The extreme halophilic strain was associated to strains of Planococcus plakortidis with 100% bootstrap value.
Tibia Vara or Blount’s Disease: Why an Early Diagnosis and Treatment Are Important?
Authors: Vasiliadis Angelo V. , Maris Alexandros , Gadikoppula Srinivas
Published: May 2020

Tibia vara is an asymmetrical disorder of the proximal tibia that produces a three-dimensional deformity, which was first described by Blount in 1937. A 6-year-old boy presented with a history of anterior knee pain with progressive bowing of his right leg over the last 1 year after having a fall while playing soccer. An early diagnosis and treatment of this disease can have a great functional impact and lead to very good health outcomes.
Oiseaux du Sahara Atlantique Marocain
Authors: Grussu Marcello
Published: May 2020

Not available
Transformar Exercícios em Cenários para Investigação
Authors: Milani Raquel
Published: May 2020

O texto descreve e analisa atividades sobre educação matemática crítica realizadas em uma disciplina de um curso de licenciatura em matemática. O referencial teórico adotado consistiu especialmente dos conceitos de paradigma do exercício e cenários para investigação, de Ole Skovsmose. A principal atividade consistiu em os licenciandos abrirem um exercício de um livro didático a fim de transformá-lo em uma atividade investigativa. O objetivo geral de ensino foi refletir sobre possibilidades de modificar as práticas docentes tradicionais de ensino de matemática. A pesquisa qualitativa teve como objetivo compreender os aspectos considerados pelos estudantes nesse processo de abrir um exercício e as características atribuídas por eles para uma atividade investigativa. Os primeiros resultados indicam que uma atividade investigativa precisa ter um apelo à realidade dos alunos da educação básica. A realização da atividade e sua discussão foram consideradas um primeiro passo dos licenciandos em direção à educação matemática crítica.
Contemporary Narrative – Context and Manifestations
Authors: Angova Stela
Published: May 2020

The first issue of the Postmodernism Problems for 2020 is dedicated to the contemporary narrative. The publishers approved the topic in January when our lives followed a familiar rhythm of work and the number assembled in a state of emergency. The context and manifestations of the narrative go through the exploration of the new hybrid oral-writing formation through the VoIP application Viber, a narrative analysis of one of the cultural icons of Japanese cinema - Godzilla, cyberbullying as a contemporary narrative form of aggressiveness, the use of multimedia narrative for different business sectors, crisis narrative, narrative through smart technologies and the phenomenology of virtual narratives.
Thematic Organization of Conversations in the Voip Application Viber
Authors: Eftimova Andreana
Published: May 2020

In a large number of social media and mobile applications, a new hybrid oral-writing formation is emerging, which is called from linguists' written spoken speech with similar features to both written and oral speech, but also has its own distinctive features. This study will illustrate the thematic structure of a conversation using the VoIP application Viber to highlight the most common model of a zig-zag themed organization and its specifics.
Digital Storytelling in the Context of Crisis Com-Munication: Post – Crisis Campaigns
Authors: Nikolova Maria
Published: May 2020

The paper attempts to clarify the concepts of digital narrative and digital storytelling in the context of crisis communication. It is highlighted that the aim in the post-crisis campaigns is to be restored the organizational reputation and the loyalty of the targeted communities. The author attempts to analyze post-crisis campaigns in three different fields - institutional, corporate, and non-government that involving forms of digital narrative. Digital storytelling has a strong and powerful effect on communicating NGO causes. In two out of three cases (NGOs and the corporate sector) communication professionals used video storytelling, while in the institutional sector, formats such as story map and location-based storytelling are used.
Review on the Production and Characterization of Glucose and Ethanol from
Sugarcane Bagasse.
Authors: Mading Makur Majur , Birhanu Tewodros
Published: May 2020

It was estimated that crude oil production will begin to decline before 2010 from 25 to 5
billion in 2050. Many countries are depending on fossil fuel that causes shortage.
Therefore, there is great need to explore the alternative means of fuel production from
bagasse. The aim of the present paper is the production of low-cost simple sugars and
ethanol from sugarcane bagasse. The paper provides important guidelines on how to
produce sugars and ethanol from sugarcane bagasse. It also helps in determining the
cheapest method, risk involve in process and chemicals applied. Sugarcane bagasse was
pretreated by four different methods such as physico-chemical, chemical, biological
pretreatments and hydrolysis. The processes of alkaline, dilute acid pretreatment (NaOH)
and enzymatic hydrolysis were found to be the best for production of sugars while
simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for ethanol production.
La selección de lugares por apicultores de Costa Rica es influenciada por el uso de terreno, sus recursos florales y la calidad de la carretera
Authors: Tavárez Héctor S. , Galbraith Sara M. , Bosque-Pérez Nilsa A.
Published: May 2020

Los humanos obtienen múltiples servicios de los ecosistemas, valorados en billones de dólares anualmente. A pesar de la importancia de estos servicios alrededor del mundo, aún seguimos enfrentando cambios en la cobertura y uso de terreno que pueden impactar negativamente la provisión de los servicios ecosistémicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar cómo las características de un lugar afectan la selección de terrenos para practicar la apicultura. Desarrollamos un cuestionario con preguntas cerradas y utilizamos un Modelo Logit Ordenado para evaluar cómo las características de la región afectan la toma de decisiones de los apicultores en la Península de Nicoya, Costa Rica. Los resultados demuestran que aumentos en la cantidad de bosque, pasto o café, aumentan la probabilidad de seleccionar una opción como mejor alternativa para colocar las colmenas de abejas, siendo el bosque el uso de terreno preferido por la diversidad de recursos florales. Los resultados también demuestran que los lugares con acceso a mejores carreteras tienen mayor probabilidad de ser seleccionados como mejor alternativa para colocar las colmenas.
Efecto de plantas de cobertura, rábano (Raphanus sativus L.) y sésamo (Sesamun indicum L.), sobre propiedades físicas delsuelo Coto (Typic Hapludox)
Authors: Racancoj-Coyoy Astrid , Tirado-Corbalá Rebecca , Valencia-Chin Elide
Published: May 2020

Resumen en español
RELEASE OF ‘HERMOSA’ BLACK BEAN CULTIVAR
Authors: Beaver James S. , Estévez de Jensen Consuelo , Ruiz-Quiles Luis , Vázquez Giovanni , González Abiezer , Martínez Héctor , Porch Timothy G.
Published: May 2020

Resumen en inglés
Corrosion in Caustic Soda in Mineral Processing Operations
Authors: Francis Roger , Clarke Steve
Published: May 2020

Because of the high cost of energy, hydrometallurgy is frequently preferred to smelting to extract metals from ores. Many of these processes involve leaching of the metal with an acid, often sulfuric acid. However, there are some processes that use alkaline leachates, such as sodium hydroxide. Hot alkaline solutions present somewhat different corrosion problems to acidic ones and this paper presents data on the corrosion performance of metals and polymers in hot alkaline solutions. Some case histories from the mineral processing industry are used to demonstrate the importance of correct material selection in these corrosive solutions.
Colombia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: May 2020

Before the arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic, Colombia’s economy had
remained resilient—owing to very strong policy frameworks, well-executed policies and
immigration from Venezuela. External vulnerabilities increased, however, alongside
wider external imbalances. Strong internal demand lifted economic growth to
3.3 percent in 2019 and widened the current account deficit to 4.3 percent of GDP. In
the wake of a global shock from the pandemic, Colombia’s economy is expected to
contract for the first time in two decades, alongside a looming global contraction, lower
oil prices, and tightening financial conditions. In response to disrupted activity, the
authorities have adopted a set of measures to boost liquidity and support growth
domestically.
Belgium
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Published: May 2020

This Selected Issues paper analyzes Belgium’s fiscal stance using a structural stochastic model. This note uses a theoretical model that explicitly accounts for the trade-offs between the short-term cost of fiscal tightening and the long-term gains associated with higher fiscal buffers. This paper shows that once the current crisis is over, rebuilding fiscal buffers is essential to helping Belgium confront the next shock from a stronger fiscal position. Overall, this illustrates a major motivation for a credible medium-term fiscal consolidation strategy. When a government reduces debt, it increases its capacity to react to shocks later. This entails a short-term cost that is, in the case of Belgium, worth the effort as this capacity to smooth future shocks increases future welfare. In addition, a large capacity to react with fiscal policy reduces the risk of long-lasting effects of a large crisis. Historical data show that in the past, the Belgium government’s reaction to the cycle was limited to a single event. By contrast, if Belgium could firmly anchor public debt on a downward path, future governments would be able to offset downturns while keeping debt sustainability concerns under control.
IMF Managing Director's Statement to the Development Committee, April 2020
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: May 2020

The global coronavirus outbreak is a crisis like no other and poses daunting challenges for policymakers in
many emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs), especially where the pandemic encounters
weak public health systems, capacity constraints, and limited policy space to mitigate the outbreak’s
repercussions. A severe economic impact in the first half of 2020 is inevitable. Medium-term projections are
clouded by uncertainty regarding the pandemic’s magnitude and speed of propagation, as well as the
longer-term impact of measures to contain the outbreak, such as travel bans and social distancing. However,
most EMDEs are already suffering from disruptions to global value chains, lower foreign direct investment,
capital outflows, tighter financing conditions, lower tourism and remittances receipts, and price pressures for
some critical imports such as foods and medicines. Commodity exporters have to absorb, in addition,
a sharp decline in export prices, notably for oil. Further, in most countries, the coronavirus outbreak is
producing unanticipated health spending needs and revenue losses as activity slows. Coping with these
challenges is especially difficult for countries with limited administrative capacity, tight external financing
constraints and/or already high debt levels, and thus requires substantial support from the international
community.
Haiti
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: May 2020

Staff Report prepared by a staff team of the IMF for the Executive Board’s consideration
on January 24, 2020. The staff report reflects discussions with the Haiti authorities in
November 2019 and is based on the information available as of December 20, 2019. It
focuses on Haiti near and medium-term challenges and policy priorities and was
prepared before COVID-19 became a global pandemic and resulted in unprecedented
strains in global trade, commodity and financial markets. It, therefore, does not reflect
the implications of these developments and related policy priorities. The outbreak has
greatly amplified uncertainty and downside risks around the outlook. Staff is closely
monitoring the situation and will continue to work on assessing its impact and the
related policy response in Haiti and globally.
Haiti
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: May 2020

From mid-2018 until early 2020, Haiti experienced political instability and intermittent social unrest that paralyzed the economy and impeded the implementation of economic policies. This protracted crisis placed severe strains on the population. Following the conclusion of the Article IV consultation in late January, the authorities began to take steps towards restoring economic stability and were preparing for discussions with staff on a potential Staff Monitored Program (SMP).
Impact of COVID-19. From this difficult starting point, and with Haiti’s limited health services and high levels of poverty, the spread of COVID-19 could prove devastating for the country. Remittances represent over 34 percent of GDP and most textile exports are purchased by the U.S., so the global income shock is expected to have a sharp adverse impact on Haiti’s balance of payments. With demand and fiscal revenues forecast to drop, higher outlays on health expenditures and income support would add to a surge in the fiscal deficit.
Generalized Canonical Transform method for radio occultation sounding with improved retrieval in the presence of horizontal gradients
Authors: Gorbunov Michael , Kirchengast Gottfried , Lauritsen Kent B.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. By now, a series of advanced Wave Optical (WO) approaches to the processing of Radio Occultation (RO) observations are widely used. In particular, the Canonical Transform (CT) method and its further developments need to be mentioned. The latter include the Full Spectrum Inversion (FSI) method, the Geometric Optical (GO) Phase Matching (PM) method, and the general approach based on the Fourier Integral Operators (FIOs), also referred to as the CT type 2 (CT2) method. The general idea of these methods is the application of a canonical transform that changes the coordinates in the phase space from time and Doppler frequency to impact parameter and bending angle. For the spherically symmetric atmosphere, the impact parameter, being invariant for each ray, is a unique coordinate of the ray manifold. Therefore, the derivative of the phase of the wave field in the transformed space is directly linked to the bending angle, as a single-valued function of the impact parameter. However, in the presence of horizontal gradients, this approach may not work. Here we introduce a further generalization of the CT methods in order to reduce the errors due to horizontal gradients. We describe, in particular, the modified CT2 method denoted CT2A, which complements the former with one more affine transform: a new coordinate that is a linear combination of the impact parameter and bending angle. The linear combination coefficient is a tunable parameter. We derive the explicit formulas for the CT2A and develop the updated numerical algorithm. For testing the method, we performed statistical analyses based on COSMIC RO retrievals and (collocated) ECMWF analysis profiles. We demonstrate that it is possible to find a reasonably optimal value of the new tunable CT2A parameter that mitigates systematic errors in the lower troposphere and allows the practical realization of the improved capability to cope with horizontal gradients.
Patterns of (trace) metals and microorganisms in the Rainbow hydrothermal vent plume at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Haalboom Sabine , Price David M. , Mienis Furu , van Bleijswijk Judith D. L. , de Stigter Henko C. , Witte Harry J. , Reichart Gert-Jan , Duineveld Gerard C. A.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Hydrothermal vent fields found at mid-ocean ridges emit hydrothermal fluids
that disperse as neutrally buoyant plumes. From these fluids seafloor
massive sulfides (SMS) deposits are formed, which are being explored as
possible new mining sites for (trace) metals and rare earth elements (REEs).
It has been suggested that during mining activities large amounts of
suspended matter will appear in the water column due to excavation
processes and discharge of mining waste from the surface vessel.
Understanding how hydrothermal plumes can be characterised by means of
geochemistry and microbiology as they spread away from their source and how
they affect their surrounding environment may help in characterising the
behaviour of the dilute distal part of chemically enriched mining plumes. This study on the extensive Rainbow hydrothermal plume, observed up to 25 km downstream from the vent site, enabled us to investigate how microbial
communities and (trace) metal composition change in a natural plume with
distance. The (trace) metal and REE content of suspended particulate matter
(SPM) was determined using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS) with high resolution (HR), and the microbial
communities of the neutrally buoyant plume, above-plume, below-plume, and
near-bottom water and sediment were characterised by using 16S rRNA amplicon
sequencing methods. Both vertically in the water column and horizontally
along the neutrally buoyant plume, geochemical and biological changes were
evident, as the neutrally buoyant plume stood out by its enrichments in
(trace) metals and REEs, as, for example, Fe, Cu, V, Mn and REEs were enriched by
factors of up to ∼80, ∼90, ∼52,
∼2.5 and ∼40, respectively, compared to above-plume water samples taken at 1000 m water depth. The concentrations of these
elements changed as the plume aged, shown by the decrease in element ∕ Fe molar
ratios of chalcophile elements (Cu, Co, Zn), indicative of rapid removal
from the hydrothermal plume or removal from the solid phase. Conversely,
increasing REE ∕ Fe molar ratios imply uptake of REEs from the ambient
seawater onto Fe-oxyhydroxides. This was also reflected in the background
pelagic system, as Epsilonproteobacteria started to dominate and univariate
microbial biodiversity declined with distance away from the Rainbow
hydrothermal vent field. The Rainbow hydrothermal plume provides a
geochemically enriched natural environment, which is a heterogeneous,
dynamic habitat that is conducive to ecological changes in a short time
span. This study of a hydrothermal plume provides a baseline study to
characterise the natural plume before the interference of deep-sea mining.
The Effect of Accounting Disclosure about Sustainability Reports on the Ability of Banks to Going Concern - Case Study of Arab Bank
Authors: Bashatweh Ammar Daher , AlMomani Salam Nawaf
Published: May 2020

The main objective of the study was to identify the effect of accounting disclosure of sustainability reports on Going Concern in the Arab Bank. To achieve the objective of the study, the content of the sustainability reports issued by Arab Bank were analyzed to identify the disclosure level for the economic, environmental and social dimensions in accordance to the (GRI,2014) initiative indicators. Furthermore, the Going Concern ability of the bank was measured using a set of financial indicators selected based on the results reported in previous literature addressing Continuity in commercial banks. Data used in the current study was taken from the sustainability reports and the annual statements issued by The Arab Bank (2010-2014). The study concluded that there is a significant effect of the disclosure of the dimensions of all the sustainability reporting on the return on assets and the return on equit). The study recommended the need for Arab Bank to disclose the dimensions of sustainability dimension in accordance to the International disclosure Initiative (GRI, 2014).There is also a need for more disclosure of the accounting activities in annual statements to provide a clearer picture for the sustainability accounting statements and annual statements which reflect the Arab Bank concern with respect to sustain the community resources and its ability to Concern Going.
Performance Appraisal of Employees in Tertiary Institutions: A Case Study of University of Education, Winneba (Winneba Campus)
Authors: Davis Marian Stephanie , Mensah Matilda Arko
Published: May 2020

The study sought to examine the performance appraisal of employees in tertiary institutions: a case of University of Education, Winneba (Winneba Campus). The descriptive survey design with quantitative approach was applied. Stratified and proportionate sampling were used to select respondents which included junior, senior staff and senior members of the university. Questionnaires were used to collect data for the study and the responses were analysed by frequency and percentages, line graphs, pie charts, means and standard deviations. The study revealed challenges such as fairness of evaluation decisions and lack of knowledge and skills of appraisers affect the conduct of performance appraisal. Also, employees‟ performance and developmental needs contribute to making performance appraisal effective. Evaluating employees‟ performance is ranked higher in performance appraisal. Again it was revealed that motivation affects performance appraisal and that the UEW appraises its staff annually. HODs are the highest appraiser category in the UEW. Lastly, the findings showed that performance appraisal in the University has succeeded in identifying staff performance needs as very moderate. Recommendations were made based on the prompt implementation of effective staff performance appraisal systems and the need to improve on the mechanism to address and meet the performance needs of employees.
Phytoplankton composition in the subtropical coastal shelf environment of Cape Canaveral, Florida
Authors: Tate Mary C , Phlips Edward J , Stelling Ben , Badylak Susan , Landauer Leslie , West-Valle Anne , Murie Deborah
Published: May 2020

The abundance and composition of the phytoplankton community off the coast of Cape Canaveral, Florida was examined from Fall 2013 to Summer 2015. The region is a shallow shelf environment. Water samples were collected quarterly at 24 sites from the surface and bottom of the water column;
temperature and nutrient concentrations were determined. Photoautotrophic picoplanktonic prokaryotes (PPP) were consistently important in terms of numerical abundance and biomass throughout the study. Among the cyanobacteria, a surface bloom of the nitrogen-fixing filamentous species Trichodesmium
was observed in Fall 2013. Dinoflagellates and diatoms were also major contributors to phytoplankton biomass. Many of the dominant dinoflagellates were mixotrophic or heterotrophic species. Nanoplanktonic eukaryotic algae were also periodically an important group in terms of biomass, such
as prasinophytes (Chlorophyta). No consistent and reoccurring spatial patterns were observed, likely due to the dynamic water circulation in the open Cape Canaveral shelf environment. Depth-related differences in biomass were observed for dinoflagellates and diatoms. Dinoflagellate biomass
was on average higher in surface samples, related to their motility. Conversely, diatom biomass was on average higher in bottom waters, reflecting the negative buoyancy of most species and the potential for re-suspension of cells from the sediment surface. The strong increase in the importance
of PPP biomass observed in year 2 of the study may reflect the influence of high rainfall resulting from El Niño conditions on nutrient loads from regional land masses, as indicated by increases in phosphorus concentrations.
Comparison of the Graduate Education between Canada and China
Authors: Tang Tao , Aldhaeebi Maged A. , Lan J. Q. , Bamanger Ebrahim
Published: May 2020

In this study, a comparison of the graduate education program between Canada and China is presented. Compared with some developed countries in Europe and America, Canada's graduate education does not start too early. After World War II, especially in recent decades, its graduate education has developed rapidly. The reason is that under the situation of the rapid development of science, technology, and economy in domestic and foreign scale, the Canadian federal government and provincial government gradually realize the importance of graduate education; therefore, they vigorously support and fund graduate education. China's graduate education has started later than Canada's. However, it has developed rapidly in recent years. Canadian and Chinese graduate education have their distinct characteristics with some similarities and some differences. The development history, present situation and problems, training mode and future development of graduate education in Canada and China are compared, and then some suggestions for the development of graduate education in China are presented accordingly.
ECHO’s ECHO: Overcoming modern healthcare operational challenges with provider-to-provider video communication
Authors: Moore Amber B. , Lipsitz Lewis A.
Published: May 2020

The Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) project uses teleconferencing to improve access to care for patients who are unable to access academic medical centers. The model can also be used to address key operational issues facing academic medical centers today. Furthermore, the current healthcare landscape is well primed to accept this innovation. We propose application of this model to solve current challenges in healthcare, including: inpatient capacity, network development and access. Applied in these ways, this program has the potential to alleviate stress on hospital systems, ultimately improving patient care and the patient and provider experience.
Gender differentials in the Use of Instructional Models in Enhancing Adolescents’ Interest and Achievement in Voter Education Contents of Senior Secondary School Government Curriculum
Authors: Ugwonna Grace Ogechukwu , Ezeudu Samuel Agozie , Nwaubani Okechukwu Onyinye , Utoh-Ofong Anthonia N. , Onyeanusi Obiageli Calista , Aroh Patricia Nwamaka , Ome Samuel Okechukwu , Ezema Luke Chizoba , Agbo Chidi Nathaniel , Offor Chijioke Chimaobi , Nwokenna Edith N.
Published: May 2020

The study determined gender effect in the efficacy of group investigation and jurisprudential inquiry instructional models in enhancing adolescent students’ interest and achievement in voter education related contents of senior secondary school Government curriculum. The study adopted quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-test, post-test control group design. Sample for the study consisted of 165 SS II students drawn from senior secondary schools in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu state Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the intact classes from each of the schools that were assigned to the two experimental groups. Data collected using Multiple Choice Government Achievement Test (MCGAT) and Government Interest Inventory (GII) were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions and ANCOVA for testing the hypothesis at P < 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that both group investigation and jurisprudential inquiry models were effective in enhancing interest and achievement of male and female students in voter education related contents in senior secondary school Government curriculum. However, group investigation proved more efficacious. These findings were exhaustively discussed with recommendations on how to manage gender factor in using student-centred instructional models in enhancing students’ interest and achievement.
Enhancing Voter Education Knowledge of Adolescents Through Social Interaction Instructional Models
Authors: Ugwonna Grace Ogechukwu , Ezeudu Samuel Agozie , Nwaubani Okechukwu Onyinye , Aroh Patricia Nwamaka , Ezema Luke Chizoba , Ome Samuel Okechukwu , Utoh-Ofong Anthonia N. , Okafor Ogochukwu Stella , Onyeanusi Obiageli Calista , Abonor Lazarus Bassey , Nwokenna Edith N.
Published: May 2020

The study determined the effects of group investigation and jurisprudential inquiry of social interaction instructional models on adolescents’ knowledge of voter education related contents in senior secondary school Government curriculum. The ultimate aim was to curb voter apathy among young citizens. The design was Quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-test, post-test control group design. The sample for the study consisted of 165 SS II students drawn from public secondary schools in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu state Nigeria. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, the intact classes from the schools were assigned to the two experimental groups. Data collected using Multiple Choice Government Achievement Test (MCGAT) were analyzed employing mean and standard deviation for the research questions and ANCOVA for testing the hypothesis at P < 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that group investigation and jurisprudential inquiry models enhanced students’ acquisition of knowledge in voter education related contents; although group investigation seemed more efficacious. There was also a statistical difference in the mean achievement scores of students with group investigation performing significantly better. These findings were exhaustively discussed with the far-reaching recommendations on how to improve voter education knowledge and potentials of young ones as future adult citizens.
The Synergy of Tradition and Innovation Leading to Sustainable Geographical Indication Products: A Literature Review
Authors: Gocci Alessandro , Luetge Christoph
Published: May 2020

The traditional production of geographical indications (GIs) are struggling to react to external influences such as climate change, changing market conditions. There is a call for innovation within GI products without compromising traditional practices. In GI research, tradition and innovation are often debated because it is apparent that they exclude each other. However, there are findings that a combination of these two elements can have effects on sustainability. Through acknowledging the synergy, diversification strategies are commonly used; those have a remarkable effect on all dimensions of sustainability (social, economic, environmental). The aim of this paper is to show evidence from literature stating that the incorporated tradition of GI products can exist in synergy with innovation. The TISyn (tradition-innovation synergy) model is presented as starting point for future research on this matter. We conclude that focusing on innovation within the GI scheme is required for a changing focus on sustainable productions. However, examples show that without taking tradition into account, GI stakeholders obtain negative outcomes.
De verbindendverklaring als reguleringsinstrument
Authors: Jansen N.
Published: May 2020

De verbindendverklaring als reguleringsinstrument

Arbeidsvoorwaardenvorming is primair een taak van werkgevers en werknemers en dit geschiedt veelal op collectief niveau. Werkgeversorganisaties en vakbonden onderhandelen over cao’s, die vervolgens door de Minister van SZW algemeen verbindend kunnen worden verklaard. Er zijn bewegingen zichtbaar waarbij individuele werkgevers in toenemende mate cao’s ontduiken of omzeilen, met het doel om tegen lagere arbeidsvoorwaarden werk aan te bieden. Het op een juiste wijze vormgeven van de werkingssfeer van cao’s en de handhaving spelen een belangrijke rol bij het tegengaan van ontduiking, en daarmee bij het waarborgen van een gelijk speelveld. Dit waarborgt op de lange termijn het nut en de waarde van de cao.
Tussen de regels door: hoe slachtofferschap bevestigd, bevraagd en ontkend wordt
Authors: Mulder Eva , Bosma Alice
Published: May 2020

Filling in the gaps: how victimization is confirmed, questioned and denied

Using frame analyses, the authors explore how people confirm, question or deny victimization, or refrain from interpretation. A frame consists of a problem definition (acts), the diagnosis of causes (identifying actors), and moral judgments. Results confirm that the interaction between factors defines the interpretation of victimization. Similar acts (for instance the consumption of alcohol) are ascribed different meanings depending on the type of frame. The positioning of actors in a frame determines who or what is perceived responsible for the (moral) judgment.
Gedetineerd via de achterdeur: juridisch en criminologisch onderzoek naar omzetting en herroeping van vrijheidsbeperkende sancties
Authors: Boone Miranda
Published: May 2020

Detained through the backdoor: legal and criminological research on recall and revocation of restriction of liberty sanctions

This contribution provides an overview of the legal and criminological research into the decision following the determination of a supervisor that the conditions of a freedom-restricting sanction are not met. It is an important decision, on the one hand because it can result in a more severe sanction than was initially imposed, on the other hand because a decision that is perceived as unfair can influence the extent to which suspects and convicts are willing to comply with conditions, and recidivism. Yet little research has been conducted into this decision. The legal safeguards with which it is accompanied are lagging behind those of the original sentencing decision. Undeserved according to penitentiary experts. The scarce empirical research shows that decision-making involves many different layers and that the actors involved have different goals, ranging from deterrence and emphasizing the credibility of the system to the successful completion of the sanction. Even in countries where regulations have been tightened considerably, the discretionary power of direct supervisors, such as employees of the working project or therapists, is still large. This raises the question to what extent the final decision maker (usually a judge) still has sufficient room to make an independent decision.
A review on the distribution, abundance, residency, survival and population structure of coastal bottlenose dolphins in Argentina
Authors: Vermeulen Els , Bastida Ricardo , Berninsone Leonardo G. , Bordino Pablo , Failla Mauricio , Fruet Pedro , Harris Guillermo , Iñíguez Miguel , Marchesi Maria C. , Petracci Pablo , Reyes Laura , Sironi Mariano , Bräger Stefan
Published: May 2020

Although bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus are among the most common delphinid species, global population trends remain poorly understood. To improve the knowledge of the species in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean, thispaper reviews all available data related to the distribution and occurrence, abundance, residency and ranging patterns, group size and composition, survival and reproduction and population structure of the coastal bottlenose dolphin in Argentina. Most information proved to be scattered in time and space. Based on the available data, total abundance of coastal bottlenose dolphins in Argentina appears to be low. Data show sightings decreased notably since the 1990s in the northern province of Buenos Aires and the province of Chubut, with the species having disappeared completely from the former region. Data also indicated that two genetically and morphologically distinct coastal populations occur in Argentinean coastal waters, with a sympatric distribution in the provinces of Río Negro and Chubut. One is an isolated ‘Evolutionary Signifcant Unit’ within the larger Southwest Atlantic, whereas the other population appears to be genetically related to the Southwest Atlantic oﬀshore ecotype. In the absence of more substantial data, the present information is pertinent to our scientifc knowledge of the species in the country, collating all published information as well as information from grey literature and previously unpublished data. However, the available information appears to remain insufcient to explain the apparent decline in sightings and to assess the remaining abundance nationwide accurately. Therefore, we strongly recommend increased research eﬀorts for an in-depth assessment of the species’ population status in Argentina.
Behavior and habitat use of released rehabilitated Amazonian manatees in Peru
Authors: Landeo-Yauri Sarah Sofía , Castelblanco-Martínez Nataly , Williams Martha
Published: May 2020

The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) is endangered due to illegal hunting. In Peru, the Centro de Rescate Amazónico (CREA) rehabilitates and releases rescued manatees. Tree females and two males were released in El Dorado Lake in July 2011 and radio tracked until November 2011. Movements, habitat use and behavior recorded during the post-release period were used to evaluate the manatees’ adaptation to free-living conditions. A total of 140 locations was registered during 91 days of tracking. Females showed greater residence time than males, which migrated out of the lake. Females selectively used the micro habitats of the study area, preferring ﬂoating vegetation, followed by open water and lastly shore macrophytes. Most idling behaviors were registered in areas with ﬂoating macrophytes, and open water was mainly used for traveling. No correlation between sighting hour and sighting location (micro habitat type) was detected. The use of suitable zones, in addition to natural behavior, suggests that these rescued manatees responded well to free-living conditions after release. Some considerations are provided with the purpose of strengthening manatee rehabilitation programs and improving future releases, emphasizing the importance of choosing appropriate individuals, as well as suitable areas and times to help improve release outcome.
Encounter rates of the Bolivian river dolphin (Inia boliviensis) in northeastern Bolivia
Authors: Aliaga Rossel Enzo , Guizada Luis A.
Published: May 2020

This study provides information on seasonal distribution patterns for river dolphins in Bolivia.
Torrefaction of Rubberwood Waste: The Effects of Particle Size, Temperature & Residence Time
Authors: Wulandari Winny , Jahsy Nursayyidah Ainun , Tandias Adrian Hartanto , Rizkiana Jenny , Rubani Inga Shaffira , Saputera Wibawa Hendra , Sasongko Dwiwahju
Published: May 2020

Agriculture waste has created massive challenges over the last few decades and yet also opportunities. This work aimed to produce high-quality biochar from rubberwood waste with calorific properties close to subbituminous coal. Using a tubular vertical reactor, the effects of rubberwood particle size (wood chips and shredded wood), torrefaction temperature (220, 260, and 300 °C), and residence time (30, 60, and 90 minutes) on the quality of torrefied rubberwood were studied. The results showed that the mass loss of the rubberwood increased as the temperature increased. Also, the particle size and residence time increased due to excessive devolatilization. A higher fixed-carbon content and calorific value as well as lower moisture and volatile-matter content were achieved by increasing the torrefaction temperature and residence time in comparison to the untreated sample (raw rubberwood). The highest fixed-carbon content and calorific value were found to be 56.7% and 6313 kcal/kg, respectively, for the wood chip particles that were torrefied at 300 °C for 60 minutes. Based on the Van Krevelen diagram, torrefaction of woodchip rubberwood at 300 °C with a residence time of 60 minutes demonstrated the optimum condition to generate a product with properties that are close to those of subbituminous rank coal.
An Investigation of a Conventional Water Treatment Plant in Reducing Dissolved Organic Matter and Trihalomethane Formation Potential from a Tropical River Water Source
Authors: Sururi Mohamad Rangga , Notodarmojo Suprihanto , Roosmini Dwina , Putra Prama Setia , Maulana Yusuf Eka , Dirgawati Mila
Published: May 2020

The characteristics and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and trihalomethane (THM) generation during water treatment are important for producing safe drinking water. However, little information is available on this topic within the context of Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of a conventional drinking water treatment plant (WTP) in removing DOM and chloroform forming potential (CHCl3FP), and evaluate surrogate parameters for CHCl3FP. Samples were taken during the rainy season and the dry season from raw water, after secondary treatment and after the rapid sand filter. DOM was characterized based on the A254, A355, SUVA, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and fluorescence DOM (FDOM) parameters. The composition of the DOM was identified using the peak picking method. Overall, from raw to finished water, the WTP performed better in the rainy season with 55.96% reduction of DOC and 63.45% reduction of A355 as compared to the dry season with 53.27% reduction of DOC and 24.18% reduction of A355.The overall removal of humic and tryptophan compounds during the rainy season was 33.33% and 37.50%, respectively. In the dry season, humic compounds were reduced by 18.80%, while tryptophan increased threefold. A355 can serve as a surrogate parameter for CHCl3FP in raw water and water after secondary treatment, containing more humic-like compounds than tryptophan-like compounds.
The effect of seasonal thermal stress on milk production and milk compositions of Korean Holstein and Jersey cows
Authors: Lim Dong-Hyun , Mayakrishnan Vijayakumar , Ki Kwang-Seok , Kim Younghoon , Kim Tae-Il
Published: May 2020

Objective: In this study we investigated the effect of seasonal thermal stress on milk production and milk compositions between Holstein and Jersey dairy cows under the temperateclimate in Korea.Methods: A total of 9 Holstein lactating dairy cows (2.0±0.11 parity) which had a daily milk yield of 29.77±0.45 kg, and days in milk of 111.2±10.29 were selected similarly at the beginning of the experiments in each season. Also, a total of 9 Jersey lactating dairy cows (1.7±0.12 parity) which had a daily milk yield of 20.01±0.43 kg, and days in milk of 114.0±9.74 were selected similarly at the beginning of the experiments.Results: Results showed that the average ambient temperature (°C) and temperature-humidity index (THI) were higher in summer, and were lower in winter (p<0.05). The average relative humidity (RH, %) was higher in autumn than that of other seasons (p<0.05). Milk production was significantly decreased (Holstein 29.02 kg/d and Jersey 19.75 kg/d) in autumn than in other seasons (Holstein 30.14 kg/d and Jersey 20.96 kg/d). However, the milk production was negatively correlated in Holstein cows, and positively correlated in Jersey cows with THI values increased from 16 to 80. In addition, milk yield was increased by 15% in Holstein cows and decreased by 11% in Jersey cows with the THI values increased from 16 to 20. The fat and protein content percentage was significantly higher in Jersey milk than in Holstein milk, furthermore the fat and protein content yield was higher in Jersey cow milk than that of Holstein cow’s milk with all THIs.Conclusion: From the study results, we concluded that Jersey cows might be less adaptable to low temperature of the winter, and this would have a negative impact on dairy farmer income since Korea’s milk price estimation system places a higher value on milk yield than on milk compositions or sanitary grades.