bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verbalisasi Al-Qur’an: Metode Tafsir Kontekstual Berbasis Kelisanan Al-Qur’an (Studi Qs. Al-baqarah: 256 tentang Pemaksaan Agama)
Authors: Alwi HS Muhammad , Parningsih Iin
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the verbalization of the Quran as a method of understanding the contextual Quran based on orality, with a focus on Surah Al-Baqarah [2]: 256. This method aims to create a mutual understanding among people that have been polarized these days due to different opinions. The verbalization of the Quran has a very strong epistemology in the history of understanding the Quran because it is based on the orality of the Quran, which was the initial and original form of the Quran when it was first revealed to the Prophet Muhammad SAW and spread to the Arab community. Surah Al-Baqarah [2]: 256 was revealed as a response to two utterances spoken in different contexts but essentially share the same illocution, namely a rejection to the coercions of certain religions. This contextual understanding has been verbalized and reflected in Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights; Paragraph 1 of Article 28E in the 1945 Constitution of Republic Indonesia; Article 28 I in the 1945 Constitution of Republic Indonesia; Paragraph 2 of Article 29 in the 1945 Constitution of Republic Indonesia – all of which indicate the attempts to reject forced religious conversion in Indonesia. AbstrakArtikel ini mendiskusikan tentang Verbalisasi Al-Qur’an sebagai metode pemahaman kontekstual Al-Qur’an dengan berbasis kelisanan, yang berfokus pada QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 256. Metode Verbalisasi Al-Qur’an ini hadir sebagai upaya menghubungkan pemahaman antar berbagai kelompok yang selama ini terkotak-kotakkan. Verbalisasi Al-Qur’an memiliki epistemologi yang sangat kuat dalam tradisi pemahaman Al-Qur’an, hal ini karena Verbalisasi Al-Qur’an berangkat dari kelisanan Al-Qur’an yang merupakan bentuk awal sekaligus jati diri Al-Qur’an ketika pertama kali disampaikan pada era pewahyuan, dari Nabi Muhammad SAW kepada Masyarakat Arab. Dalam kasus QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 256, ia disampaikan sebagai respon penolakan terhadap keinginan dua lawan tutur dan konteks tuturan yang berbeda, tetapi mengandung pemahaman yang sama, yakni penolakan atas tindakan pemaksaan agama tertentu. Pemahaman yang kontekstual tersebut dapat diverbalisasikan ke dalam bentuk UU Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang HAM, UUD 1945 dalam pasal 28E ayat 1, UU 1945 dalam pasal 28 I, dan UUD 1945 pada pasal 29 ayat (2), yang semuanya adalah upaya penolakan atas tindakan pemaksaan untuk memeluk agama tertentu dalam konteks di Indonesia.
Dentes inclusos
Authors: Gerhardt Oliveira Marília , Soviero Carla , A. F. N. Costa Carlos , Marini Eduardo , O Murad Fernando , X. Ponce Arteta Fernando , A Lizott Gilberto , N Fauth João , A Magatti João , B Domit Luis , V Trage Orlando , I. L. Trindade Rosa , Xavier Sales , R. C. Fontanella Vania , G Souza Wanderley
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer uma rotina para exame clínico e radiográfico de dentes inclusos a fim de facilitar o diagnóstico e a escolha da técnica cirúrgica indicada.
Hyperoxic myopia: a case series of four divers
Authors: Brügger Jonathan W. , Rauscher Glenn A. , Florian John P. ,   Navy Experimental Diving Unit, Panama City Beach, Florida U.S.
Published: December 2020

Hyperoxic myopia is a phenomenon reported in individuals who have prolonged exposure to an increased partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and subsequently have a myopic (nearsighted) change in their vision. To date, there are numerous accounts of hyperoxic myopia in dry hyperbaric oxygen treatment patients; however, there have been only three confirmed cases reported in wet divers. This case series adds four confirmed cases of hyperoxic myopia in wet divers using 1.35 atmospheres (ATM) PO2 at the Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU). The four divers involved were the first author’s patients at NEDU. Conditions for two divers were confirmed via record review, whereas the other two divers were diagnosed by the first author. All subjects were interviewed to correlate subjective data with objective findings. Each subject completed five consecutive six-hour hyperoxic (PO2 of 1.35 ATM) dives with 18-hour surface intervals. Each individual was within the U. S. Navy Dive Manual’s standards for general health. Visual acuity was measured prior to diving. Within three to four days after diving, the individuals reported blurry vision with an associated myopic refraction shift. Each diver had spontaneous resolution of his myopia over the next two to three weeks, with no significant residual symptoms. The divers in this case series were exposed to an increased PO2 (1.35 ATM for 30 hours over five days), a lesser exposure than that in other reports of hyperoxic myopia in wet divers diagnosed with hyperoxic myopia (1.3-1.6 ATM for 45-85 hours in 12-18 days). Furthermore, this pulse of exposure was more concentrated than typically seen with traditional hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Hyperoxic myopia continues to be a risk for those conducting intensive diving with a PO2 between 1.3-1.6 ATM. Additional investigation is warranted to better define risk factors and PO2 limits regarding ocular oxygen toxicity.
Roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, improves hyperoxia-induced lung injury via anti-inflammation
Authors:   Department of Pathology, The Affiliated No 1 People’s Hospital of Jining City, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong, China, Cao Hong-Ying , Yu Tian-Hua ,   Department of Gynecology, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Penglai City, Shandong, China, Han Cui-Hong ,   Department of Pathology, The Affiliated No 1 People’s Hospital of Jining City, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong, China, Liu Wen-Wu ,   Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China, Zhang Pei-Xi ,   Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated No 1 People’s Hospital of Jining City, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong, China, Tang Peng ,   Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated No 1 People’s Hospital of Jining City, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong, China
Published: December 2020

Roflumilast is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) and can suppress the hydrolysis of cAMP in inflammatory cells, conferring anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of roflumilast on hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI) in a rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into: control group; HALI group; 2.5 mg/kg roflumilast group; and 5 mg/kg roflumilast group. Rats were pressurized to 250 kPa with pure oxygen to induce lung injury. In the roflumilast groups, rats were orally administered with roflumilast at 2.5 or 5 mg/kg once before hyperoxia exposure and once daily for two days after exposure. Rats were sacrificed 72 hours after hyperoxia exposure. The lung tissues were collected for the detection of lung water content, inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB/p-NF-κB protein expression, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was harvested for the measurement of protein concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Results showed roflumilast at different doses could significantly reduce lung edema, improve lung pathology and reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the lung. The protective effects seemed to be related to the dose of roflumilast. Our study indicates roflumilast has the potential as a medication for the treatment of HALI.
Novel stability results for Caputo fractional differential equations
Authors: El-hady El-sayed , El El-Sayed , Makhlouf Abdellatif Ben
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article is to present stability results of some Caputo fractional differential equations in the sense of Ulam-Hyers, Ulam-Hyers-Rassias and generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias. In this way, we generalize some recent interesting results.
Efficacy of a Low Dose of Melatonin as an Adjunctive Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Farnoosh Gholamreza , Akbariqomi Mostafa , Badri Taleb , Bagheri Mahdi , Izadi Morteza , Saeedi-Boroujeni Ali , Rezaie Ehsan , Ghaleh Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin , Aghamollaei Hossein , Fasihi-ramandi Mahdi , Hassanpour Kazem , Alishiri GholamHossein
Published: December 2020

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of adjuvant use of
melatonin in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods:
This single-center, double-blind, randomized clinical trial included 74
hospitalized patients with confirmed mild to moderate COVID-19 at
Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from April 25, 2020 to June 5,
2020. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive standard
of care and standard of care plus melatonin at a dose of 3 mg three
times daily for 14 days. Clinical characteristics, laboratory, and
radiological findings were assessed and compared between two study
groups at baseline and post-intervention. Safety and clinical outcomes
were followed up for four weeks. Results: A total of 24 patients in the
intervention group and 20 patients in the control group completed the
treatment. Compared with the control group, the clinical symptoms such
as cough, dyspnea, and fatigue, as well as the level of CRP and the
pulmonary involvement in the intervention group had significantly
improved (P < 0.05). The mean time of hospital discharge of
patients and return to baseline health was significantly shorter in the
intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.05).
No deaths and adverse events were observed in both groups during this
study. Conclusions: Adjuvant use of melatonin has a potential to improve
clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients and contribute to a faster return
of patients to baseline health. Keywords: COVID-19, Melatonin, Clinical
trial, Adjunctive therapy Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov
Identifier: NCT04409522
Tidal breathing pulmonary function and influencing factors in late preterm and full-term neonates
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Xu ShuZheng , Liu JunHong , Huang HuanHuan , Wu Bin
Published: December 2020

Neonatal period is the key stage of lung development. However, tidal
breathing pulmonary function (TBPF) of late preterm and full-term
infants without pathology has rarely been studied. Our research focuses
on the early neonatal period and aims to detect the factors influencing
PF and implemente effective interventions earlier. Methods: This
prospective study evaluated the PF characteristics of 142 infants
admitted to our neonatology department. Potential explanatory variables
for TBPF were analyzed using single-factor and multi-factor linear
regression analyses. Results: PF characteristics, including tidal volume
(VT) and minute ventilation (MV), were significantly lower in late
preterm infants compared to full-term infants (P<0.01).
TPTEF/TE and VPTEF/VE were not significantly different between groups
(P>0.05). In the single-factor analysis, changes in
parameters related to lung volume (VT, VT/kg, MV) were mainly correlated
with gestational age (GA), corrected GA, birth weight, weight at
examination, weight changes, and serum albumin(SAB). After birth, VT/kg
and indicators of airway obstruction (VPTEF/VE and TPTEF/TE) changed
significantly with increasing age. In the multiple-factor analysis, the
main factors influencing VT, VT/kg, and MV were corrected GA and daily
weight change, GA and corrected GA, and corrected GA and SAB,
respectively. Conclusion: The main difference in PF between full-term
and late premature infants was the lung volume. In these newborns PF was
associated with GA, corrected GA, daily weight change, and SAB level.
These results suggest that an adequate energy supply is critical for PF
development in neonates, and especially for premature infants.
THE LEGAL AND ECONOMIC VALUE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP)
Authors: Barbieri Massimo
Published: December 2020

The identification of the closest prior art is a good starting point for
evaluating the legal and the economic value of an intellectual property
(IP) asset. The next step is the evaluation of the patentability
requirements (novelty, inventive step and industrial application).

Other factors to be taken into consideration are: potential market,
development stage, time to market, product lifecycle, technology risk,
detectability, design arounds and product value.

License agreements are the best way to ascribe value to an academic
invention.
Detection of Blueberry red ringspot virus in different stages of Parthenolecanium corni in Poland
Authors: Szyndel Marek , Paduch-Cichal Elżbieta
Published: December 2020

Na plantacji borówki wysokiej (Vaccinium corym-bosum) znajdującej się w centralnej Polsce zaob-serwowano masowe pojawy szkodnika – misecz-nika śliwowego Parthenolecanium corni. Częśćroślin borówki była porażona przez wirus czer-wonej pierścieniowej plamistości borówki wy-sokiej (Blueberry red ringspot virus –BRRSV). Żadenwektor tego wirusa nie jest znany do tej pory wśród owadów, próbowano więc ustalić, czy podczas żerowania szkodliwy pluskwiak jest w stanie pobrać wirusa z sokiem porażonych roś-lin. Wirus został wykryty i zidentyfikowany przy użyciu technik PCR oraz DNA-DNA dot blot w prawie wszystkich badanych larwach (56/60) oraz w dorosłych samicach (18/20) P. corniże-rujących na porażonych przez BRRSV roślinach borówki wysokiej.
Optimization and sensitivity analyses of a combined cooling, heat and power system for a residential building
Authors: Melo Filipi , Pina Eduardo , Carvalho Monica
Published: December 2020

In the quest for a better use of energy resources, energy integration, and cogeneration strategies have been employed in the industrial and commercial sectors with considerable benefits realized. However, the residential sector remains underexplored. An optimization procedure should be carried out whenever there is a need to ensure or verify the economic viability of an energy system. This study uses Mixed Integer Linear Programming to optimize the energy supply to a residential building, with 20 floors and 40 apartments, located in the city of Joao Pessoa (northeast Brazil). The equipment available includes gas engines, electric and natural gas boilers, heat exchangers, cooling towers, and absorption and mechanical chillers. The optimization establishes the optimal system configuration and operational strategy (operation throughout the year). Economic, technical, and legal aspects were considered in the minimization of the total annual costs associated with the building?s energy supply. The energy demands were calculated on an hourly basis, throughout one year, by the EnergyPlus software and corresponded to hot water (83 MWh per year), electricity (171 MWh per year), and cooling (242 MWh per year) demands. The optimal system was entirely reliant on the electric grid to meet the electricity demand directly and to satisfy heating and cooling demands by means of an electric hot water boiler and a mechanical chiller. The optimal solution is tested by varying, within reasonable limits, selected parameters: natural gas and electricity tariffs, the behavior of residents, amortization factor, and relationship between the tariffs of electricity and natural gas.
Patients´ perception of the quality of community pharmacy services using the critical incident technique
Authors: Kummer Ingrid , Mudric Jovana , Cikaric Tamara , Tasic Ljiljana , Milosevic-Georgiev Andrijana , Marinkovic Valentina
Published: December 2020

Background/Aim. The Critical Incident Technique (CIT) is a qualitative research method for measuring consumer satisfaction by collecting and analyzing information on participants and their activities. This method allows participants to present their detailed experiences related to a particular service in the way they perceive them. The aim of this study was to examine patients' perceptions of an incident that occurred in community pharmacies using CIT and determine recommendations for improving the quality of pharmacy services. Methods. A qualitative study using an interview based on the CIT was conducted in three pharmacies in Serbia, on the territory of Krusevac city. The entire course of the interviews was audio-recorded, which provided detailed research. Results. A total of 68 critical incidents were collected and divided into two groups: positive (37) and negative (31), depending on the (dis)satisfaction of patients with the services of pharmacists in community pharmacies. The following thematic clusters of pharmacy services were covered: accessibility of community-based pharmaceutical services, pharmacist behavior, patient counseling, dispensing drugs and/or medical devices, compounding, and pharmacy sales/commercial practice. Conclusion. The results show that the CIT is a useful tool for evaluating and improving pharmaceutical services. Based on the data collected, various aspects of community pharmacy services can be improved, and further research should be carried out.
Participation in Boys & Girls Clubs Of Winnipeg is Associated With Health, Social and Education Outcomes Among First Nation Children
Authors: Enns Jennifer , Brownell Marni , Nickel Nathan , O’Laney Kim , Murdock Nora , Sarkar Joykrishna , Burland Elaine , Chartier Mariette , Chateau Dan , Katz Alan
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe Boys & Girls Clubs of Winnipeg (BGCW) provide out-of-school programs to children and youth living in low-income neighbourhoods in Winnipeg, Canada. These programs aim to set participants on a path to success by supporting healthy behaviours, academic achievement and social skills. First Nation children and youth make up a substantial proportion of BGCW participants, but there are few empirical data available on how the programs influence health, social and education outcomes in this population.

Objectives and ApproachWe linked BGCW attendance records for all Manitoba children born 1987-2010 to the individual-level administrative health, social and education data in the population-based Data Repository at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy in Winnipeg. The comparison group of non-participants was matched on age and neighbourhood of residence. We narrowed the cohort to First Nation participants by linking to datasets containing First Nation identifiers. Education outcomes were examined using a generalized additive model, and health and justice system outcomes with a time-to-event model, adjusted for socioeconomic status, mother's mental health and age at first birth, and involvement in the child welfare system.

Results3,754 First Nation children and youth participated in BGCW from 2005-2016. The comparison group comprised 23,593 First Nation children and youth. Greater BGCW participation was associated with higher likelihood of performing well in grade 3 numeracy, but not other education outcomes (grade 3 reading, grade 7 student engagement or mathematics, grade 7/8 reading/writing, or graduating high school). Greater BGCW participation was also associated with lower risk of becoming involved with the justice system among youth aged 12-17 (i.e., lower risk of being charged with a crime) and with lower risk of teen pregnancy.

Conclusion / ImplicationsParticipation in BGCW programs may contribute to improved health, justice and education outcomes for First Nation children and youth in Winnipeg.
An Evaluation of Linked Administrative Data for Cancer Clinical Trial Economic Analysis
Authors: Hanna Timothy P , Nguyen Paul , Pater Joe , O’Callaghan Christopher J , Mittmann Nicole , Earle Craig C , Tu Dongsheng , Jonker Derek , Hay Annette
Published: December 2020

IntroductionEconomic analyses of well-conducted clinical trials are critical to rational health policy that informs value-based decision making. Trial economic analyses, such as cost-effectiveness analysis, often rely on trial-collected data, which are burdensome and expensive to collect. In contrast, administrative databases systematically collect health system encounters and are available at low cost for nearly all patients with cancer in Ontario, Canada, and many other jurisdictions.

Objectives and ApproachWe investigated whether administrative data could improve the performance of trial economic analysis. Health administrative data were probabilistically linked to 148 Ontario patients from the Canadian Cancer Trials Group CO.17 trial (n=572), which evaluated cetuximab plus best supportive care (n=75) versus best supportive care alone (n=73) in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. Trial-collected resource utilization data and vital status were compared with administrative data. Cost-effectiveness in 2007 Canadian dollars according to administrative data was determined with bootstrap incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) confidence intervals (CIs).

ResultsUp to trial date of last contact, administrative data vital status was concordant in >96%. Twenty-nine subsequent deaths occurred. Up to trial last contact, there were 50 net additional hospitalizations and 33 net additional emergency department visits in administrative data. Total costs were $3,023,034 for the cetuximab group and $1,191,118 for the control group up to trial last contact. ICER was $211,128 per life-year gained (90% CI: $101,396 to $694,950) up to trial last contact and $164,378 (90% CI: -$138,260 to $644,555) up to administrative data last contact. ICER estimates were similar to analyses using trial-collected data.

Conclusion/ImplicationsAdministrative data were more complete than trial data for hospital encounters, a key cost driver in economic analysis and there was longer follow-up. This study demonstrates the potential of administrative data to relieve the burden of collecting key data in cancer trials, which represents considerable effort and expense.
Statistic Canada’s Longitudinal Social Data Development Program (LSDDP)
Authors: Le Moullec Jenneke
Published: December 2020

IntroductionStatistics Canada has a long and reputable history of data linkage and an established Social Data Linkage Environment (SDLE). Under the agency’s modernization agenda the Longitudinal Social Data Development Program (LSDDP) exemplifies the agency’s efforts to position linkable administrative data as central in the field of social statistics. This is in response to the call for better longitudinal and intersectional social measures in an increasingly complex society.

Objectives and ApproachThis presentation will include a detailed description of the LSDDP’s research and development activities which are centered on a linkable pseudonymised administrative data-first approach to social measures in the areas of longitudinal life-course analysis and intersectional social measures. The approach builds on existing activities flowing out of the Social Data Linkage Environment (SDLE), but with a more systematized, deliberate, and replicable approach; a set of analytical tools and processes.

ResultsThe presentation will describe the following aspects of the LSDDP’s work:

Responsible research and development under the principles of necessity and proportionality

Data development and data structure

Intersectional social indicators

Methods and applied research in life-course analysis

Conclusion / ImplicationsThe LSDDP presents a seismic opportunity responding to the need for holistic and multi-dimensional measurement of society that considers social progress and well-being as it relates to the interrelationships over time among social domains. In absence of longitudinal survey data such approach enables the staying upstream of social issues as well as the identification of intervention points for programs, policies, and other initiatives.
Mortality Risk and The Progression of The Electronic Frailty Index and Hospital Frailty Risk Score Over Time
Authors: Hollinghurst Joe , Watkins Alan
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe electronic Frailty Index (eFI) and the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) have been developed in primary and secondary care respectively.

Objectives and ApproachOur objective was to investigate how frailty progresses over time, and to include the progression of frailty in a survival analysis.To do this, we performed a retrospective cohort study using linked data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank, comprising 445,771 people aged 65-95 living in Wales (United Kingdom) on 1st January 2010. We calculated frailty, using both the eFI and HFRS, for individuals at quarterly intervals for 8 years with a total of 11,702,242 observations.

ResultsWe created a transition matrix for frailty states determined by the eFI (states: fit, mild, moderate, severe) and HFRS (states: no score, low, intermediate, high), with death as an absorbing state. The matrix revealed that frailty progressed over time, but that on a quarterly basis it was most likely that an individual remained in the same state.

We calculated Hazard Ratios (HRs) using time dependent Cox models for mortality, with adjustments for age, gender and deprivation. Independent eFI and HFRS models showed increased risk of mortality as frailty severity increased. A combined eFI and HFRS revealed the highest risk was primarily determined by the HFRS and revealed further subgroups of individuals at increased risk of an adverse outcome. For example, the HRs (95% Confidence Interval) for individuals with an eFI as fit, mild, moderate and severe with a high HFRS were 18.11 [17.25,19.02], 20.58 [19.93,21.24], 21.45 [20.85,22.07] and 23.04 [22.34,23.76] respectively with eFI fit and no HFRS score as the reference category.

ConclusionFrailty was found to vary over time, with progression likely in the 8-year time-frame analysed. We refined HR estimates of the eFI and HFRS for mortality by including time dependent covariates.
Prevalence of Blood-Borne Viral Infections (HIV, HBV, HCV) Among People Seeking Fertility Services in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Rachlis Beth , Candido Elisa , Shapiro Heather , Ishiguro Lisa , Kwong Jeff
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe Applied Health Research Question (AHRQ) portfolio is an initiative funded by the Ontario Ministry of Health. Knowledge users submit AHRQ requests to use administrative health data to inform their planning, policy and program development.

Objectives and ApproachA request to estimate prevalence and incidence of blood-borne viral infections (BBVI) among individuals seeking fertility treatment services was approved by the ICES AHRQ team. To determine whether current BBVI testing guidelines are effective for timely identification of BBVI among individuals undergoing fertility treatment, this AHRQ sought to estimate: a) the testing prevalence for BBVI (using viral hepatitis as a proxy for all BBVI including HIV), and b) BBVI incidence over a five-year follow-up period. We used infertility codes billed by gynecologists and urologists to identify individuals seeking fertility treatment between April 1, 2002 and March 31, 2013. We looked forward five years from a first BBVI test billed by a physician and assessed annual and cumulative testing prevalence and incidence of viral hepatitis and HIV using rule-based administrative algorithms.

ResultsIn total, 184,328 individuals (61.6% female) were included. The five-year BBVI testing prevalence was 45.5% and the median number of tests was 2 (interquartile range: 2-3). An estimated 949 new cases (48% diagnosed within 12 months of first BBVI test) of viral hepatitis were identified in the five-year follow-up with a cumulative incidence of 522 (95%CI 489-556) per 100,000 population. There were 57 new HIV cases (68% diagnosed within 12 months of first BBVI test) with a cumulative incidence of 31.4 (95%CI 23.7-40.6) per 100,000. The median times from first BBVI test to hepatitis and HIV diagnoses were 13.0 months (IQR 2.33-32.2) and 3.0 months (IQR 1.34-20.0), respectively.

Conclusion / ImplicationsThese findings can be used to develop evidence-based BBVI testing guidelines for individuals seeking fertility treatment services.
Do Predictors of Children’s Special Educational Needs in Grade 3 Differ by Special Needs Status in Kindergarten in Ontario, Canada?
Authors: Mir Hafsa , Reid-Westoby Caroline , Gaskin Ashley , Duku Eric , Janus Magdalena
Published: December 2020

IntroductionChildren with special educational needs (SEN) often struggle academically. Previous studies found that children’s abilities in kindergarten are predictive of their future SEN status. It is currently unknown whether these predictors differ in children with and without an early identification of a special need in kindergarten (SN-K).

Objectives and ApproachWe investigated early predictors of SEN in Grade 3, in a cohort of Ontario children, with and without SN-K (1,824 and 62,842, respectively), who attended kindergarten between 2003/04 and 2005/06. Early Development Instrument data, a teacher-completed checklist of children’s development, were linked to Grade 3 standardized reading, writing, and mathematics test scores. Controlling for children’s demographics, multivariate binary logistic regressions were conducted examining the association between children’s developmental outcomes, their functional impairments, the necessity for further assessment (all reported by their kindergarten teacher) and their SEN status in Grade 3.

ResultsOverall, 69.8% of children with SN-K had SEN in Grade 3, while 11.6% of children without SN-K had SEN. Our analyses revealed that, for children with SN-K, having a functional impairment was the most significant predictor of having SEN in Grade 3 (Odds Ratio=3.61, 2.59-5.02 95% confidence interval). For children without SN-K, teachers reporting the need for further assessment was the strongest predictor of having SEN in Grade 3 in children without SN-K (Odds Ratio=2.70, 2.49-2.93).

Conclusion / ImplicationsEarly predictors of SEN in Grade 3 differ for children who receive an early identification (SN-K) compared to those who don’t. How children with SN-K function in a classroom is the best predictor of SEN in Grade 3, while teachers’ observation that a child needs further assessment is the strongest predictor of SEN in Grade 3 for those without SN-K. Addressing these areas early on may help reduce the number of children with SEN in later grades and may positively impact their future academic success.
Ethical Data Linkage with Indigenous Communities: The Manitoba Experience
Authors: Katz Alan , Kinew Kathi Avery , Star Leona
Published: December 2020

IntroductionIndigenous populations are known to have poor health and health outcomes in many countries. Indigenous peoples continue to be the subjects of unethical research. Research that is undertaken without their consent, involvement in the design, delivery and interpretation of results that perpetuates negative stereotypes ignoring the historical and ongoing impacts of colonialism.

Objectives and ApproachIn order to understand the health status and health system use of First Nations people in Manitoba Canada we developed a partnership between the First Nations Social Secretariat of Manitoba and researchers to link First Nations identifiers with administrative data. This partnership was based on long-standing relationships with researchers who were affiliated with the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy.

ResultsA tripartite data sharing agreement set out the parameters of sharing data that supported the linkage of the Federal Registered First Nations database to the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository. The DSA facilitated direct First Nations input into the indicators chosen, the reporting cohorts, the interpretation of results and the language of the report.

Conclusion / ImplicationsDSAs can be used as a tool to facilitate partnerships with Non-indigenous researchers and Indigenous Nations that lead to meaningful partnerships and lay the foundation for respectful and ethical research. The research presents findings the health of First Nations and shines a light on the underlying colonialism and racism that contributes to the health inequities. These findings have the potential to influence health and well-being of First Nation peoples in Manitoba. This model of collaboration can be used a model in other jurisdictions.
Comparison of Time-Varying and Landmark Analysis Methods in Estimating the Association Between Medication Adherence and Outcomes: A Heart Failure Cohort
Authors: Hsu Benjumin , Jorm Louisa
Published: December 2020

IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading contributor to disease burden worldwide. Older people hospitalized with CVD might experience significant decline in physical function and loss of independence.

Objectives and ApproachThe aim of this study was to investigate the use of community aged care (CAC) and permanent residential aged care (PRAC) services 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after hospital admission for myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and congestive heart failure (CHF). Survey data from the 45 and Up Study (2006-09) for 266,942 people aged 45+ was linked with records for hospital stays (APDC), aged care service use (NACDC), and deaths (RBDM) for 2006-14 through CHeReL and AIHW. Relative risks of using aged care (CAC or PRAC) after MI, stroke or CHF hospitalization were estimated using Cox regression. We described and visualized sequences of health service states (none, re-hospitalization, CAC, PRAC, death) after the index hospitalization.

ResultsCompared with people without MI, people hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of MI (multivariable-adjusted HR:1.11, 95%CI:1.04-1.18), stroke (HR:1.52, 95%CI:1.43-1.61) and CHF (HR:1.12, 95%CI:1.06-1.19) were more likely to use CAC within 3 months of the hospital discharge. Likewise, people with MI (HR:1.16, 95%CI:1.03-1.29), stroke (HR:2.81, 95%CI:2.58-3.05) and CHF (HR:1.36, 95CI:1.24-1.49) were more likely to enter PRAC within 3 months of discharge. Similar findings were observed for 6 months and 12 months. MI, stroke and CHF patients were more likely to die but less likely to be re-hospitalized after the first 3 months. The number use of CAC and PRAC remains unchanged over 12 months. While this study provides a broadly representative sample of the older population, participants may be healthier than the general population.

Conclusion / ImplicationsCVD increases use of community and residential care services. Coordination of cardiac and stroke rehabilitation is warranted to maximize ageing in place.
Self-Rated Health Inequalities in British Nurses
Authors: Ball William , Atherton Iain , Kyle Richard
Published: December 2020

IntroductionImprovements in health in the UK are beginning to stall. Differences between the health of people living in the most and least deprived areas continue to grow. An excess in mortality, not explained by deprivation, has been observed in Scotland. Some of this difference likely results from limitations in deprivation measures.

Objectives and ApproachWe seek to test whether Nurses experience health inequalities in Self-Rated Health comparable with the general population. We also aim to explore cross-national differences within the Nursing occupational group.

We utilise data from Census-derived Longitudinal Studies in Scotland and England & Wales which are linked to an adjusted UK-consistent Multiple Deprivation measure. The databases can only be accessed securely, so an innovative method (eDatashield) has been used to conduct analysis as if the two were combined.

Nurses are of interest as they are a large occupational group with potentially protective characteristics against inequalities including high health literacy and level of education. Socioeconomic homogeneity in this group may reduce the effect of confounding when exploring area-based deprivation measures.

ResultsComparing Nurses to Non-Nurses we found they have systematically different and more homogenous characteristics. Nurses are; older, have a higher level of education, are more likely to be female, own their home, are less likely to live in deprived areas and they report better Self-Rated Health. However, inequalities persist.

Comparing Self-Rated Health of Scottish with English & Welsh Nurses will determine whether an ‘excess’ in worse health outcomes exists and if so, whether the UK- consistent Deprivation Measure can account for this. Full results will be cleared for dissemination through disclosure control, prior to the conference.

Conclusion / ImplicationsEven in a privileged group with characteristics which protect against poor health, inequalities remain. The methods applied here present an opportunity for improved cross-national comparison and address limitations in confounding when exploring inequalities based on area deprivation.
Linked Administrative Data’s Role in Victoria’s First Social Impact Investment – Journey to Social Inclusion – Working to End Chronic Homelessness
Authors: Williams Sharon , Sidthorp Mark , Flatau Paul , Zaretsky Kaylene , Callis Zoe , Findlay Suzanne
Published: December 2020

The Journey to Social Inclusion (J2SI) Social Impact Investment (SII) is Victoria’s first social impact investment. It has two outcome payments, for stable housing and reduction in hospital bed days. Linked administrative data is being used to calculate the performance levels and outcome payments from the Victorian Government to J2SI. This paper discusses the methodologies and challenges encountered in the use of the linked administrative data for the calculation of the outcome payments for the J2SI SII.

IntroductionJ2SI will receive half of the program costs for service delivery based on the level of performance of two outcome payments. The outcome payments are the difference between the results for the Intervention Group and the Control Group. The results are being calculated using linked administrative datasets for health, housing and justice, by the Centre for Victorian Data Linkage (CVDL) and the Centre for Social Impact, University of Western Australia (CSI UWA) respectively.

Objectives and ApproachThe paper will outline the approach taken to calculate the results for the Intervention Group and the Control Group, explore the benefits and challenges of arising from different parties being involved in the calculations and present the lessons learned for future social impact bonds in Victoria and other States/Territories.

ResultsThe work has highlighted the importance of clearly understanding and documenting all of the datasets and how they are to be used prior to the commencement of the calculations. High level descriptions are not adequate preparation for the precision required for the actual calculations. The work has also highlighted the differences is using linked data for research and service implementation.

Conclusion / ImplicationsLinked administrative data is a robust source of data for the calculation of outcome payments for social impact investments. However, with the timeliness of payments important for service delivery and financing, thorough preparation for the calculation of the results and outcome payments is essential.
Creating A Research Ready Data Asset and Empowering Dynamic and Efficient Research: The Sail Dementia E-Cohort (SDEC)
Authors: Akbari Ashley , North Laura , Orton Chris , Thompson Simon , Schnier Christian , Wilkinson Tim , Gallacher John , Lyons Ronan
Published: December 2020

IntroductionResearch can often be slow to start and require duplication of effort which in lots of cases has previously been completed to generate research-ready-data-assets (RRDA). Within the UK, two programmes: Dementias Platform UK (DPUK) that brings together over 50 different dementia-related cohorts and Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank, which provides access to longitudinal population-scale person-level data for every person in Wales have tried to tackle this challenge of creation, use and management of RRDA’s.

Objectives and ApproachCombining clinical, data and management expertise from DPUK and SAIL, we hoped to construct a RRDA that was easily accessible and well described for a dementia e-cohort. Welsh residents with available primary care records were included, with clinical and demographic information including follow-up times, several dementia indicators using validated diagnostic code lists, information on every dementia-related diagnostic event and several covariates and co-morbidities. SDeC was made available to researchers and can be modified according to appropriate study designs, with learning from projects used to update the SDeC to improve future uses. Interactive visualisations effectively summarise cohort characteristics, aiding researchers to quickly determine cohort eligibility for dementia studies.

ResultsSDeC contains data from 4.6 million participants in SAIL, with 1.5 million meeting cohort inclusion criteria, resulting in 24.3 million person-years of follow-up. Of these, 146,323 (10%) developed all-cause dementia during follow-up, with 90,150 (60%) having dementia subtype codes. We made this resource available to researchers who had never used SAIL before, with limited experience of population-scale routine-data, and projects have proceeded with one managing to proceed from point of initial access to submission of publication in less than 6-months.

Conclusion / ImplicationsSDeC provides a reproducible dynamic method for completing dementia research, and expediting learning and understanding of the use of these data, with further developments and maintenance planned to increase the complexity and detail available to researchers over time.
Association Between Active Living Environments and Hospitalization for All-Causes and Cardiometabolic Disease
Authors: Mah Sarah M , Sanmartin Claudia , Riva Mylene , Dasgupta Kaberi , Ross Nancy
Published: December 2020

IntroductionNeighbourhoods have the potential to influence population-wide modifiable risk factors such as physical inactivity and obesity. Built environments that encourage active living hold promise as a policy lever for reducing health care burden, particularly that related to cardiometabolic disease.

Objectives and ApproachWe examined the role of active living environments on hospitalization risk, frequency, and cumulative length of stay for all-causes and cardiometabolic diseases. The linked dataset is a combination of survey data from Canadian respondents aged 45+, records from a national census of acute hospitalizations, and the Canadian Active Living Environment (Can-ALE) - a 5-class measure of how conducive one’s neighbourhood is to active living based on street connectivity, points of interest, and population density. We modelled the risk of all-cause and cardiometabolic hospitalizations for respondents living in more and less favourable environments using logistic regression. Frequency and cumulative length of stay were modelled using truncated negative binomial regression. Models were adjusted for individual-level factors and proximity to a hospital. An offset variable was included to account for different follow-up times.

Results232,000 respondents were included with a mean follow-up time of 5.37 years. Those living in progressively more favourable active living environments (classes 2, 3, 4, and 5) exhibited incrementally lower risk of hospitalization compared to those living in the least favourable (class 1). Relative to respondents living in the least favourable environments (class 1), odds ratios were 0.84 (95% CI 0.76-0.93) for all-cause hospitalization and 0.80 (95% CI 0.68-0.93) for cardiometabolic hospitalization for respondents living in the most favourable environments (class 5). There was little evidence of similar associations for hospitalization frequency and cumulative length of stay.

Conclusion / ImplicationsLiving in neighbourhoods that are more conducive to active living are associated with lower risk of all-cause and cardiometabolic hospitalization.
Using Linked Health Service Data in The Evaluation of Innovative Models of Healthcare
Authors: Pang Rebecca Kwok-yee , Srikanth Velandai , Braun Gary , McGee Fergus , Berry Belinda , Edwards Iain , Azzopardi Ruth , Andrew Nadine
Published: December 2020

IntroductionAgeing populations place considerable burden on healthcare systems. Innovative methods to implement and evaluate new care models to reduce unwarranted hospital presentations, are needed.

Objectives and ApproachTo use linked Electronic Medical Record (EMR) data to evaluate a pilot community-based model of care to reduce hospital presentations in a cohort of patients at-risk of hospital representations following an acute admission. Patients admitted to a metropolitan hospital with a non-surgical condition andidentified as being at-risk of readmission using a state-wide risk algorithm, were eligible to receive a 30-day care navigation model of care. The intervention group were matched to similar eligible patients, who received usual care using propensity score matching. Linked data were obtained from the EMR based Data Warehouse to provide information on subsequent readmissions and community-based health service contacts. Readmission rates were compared at 30, 60, and 90-days post-discharge using Cox Proportional Hazards Regression, adjusted for confounders and weighted by the propensity score. Descriptive analyses were used to compare demographics and healthcare utilisations.

ResultsData from 412,971 potentially eligible patients were extracted. Sixty-five received the intervention of which 63 were matched to 280 controls (aged 51-91 years, 54% female, 63% lived alone). At 30-days post-discharge (during intervention delivery) an 80% reduction in readmission rate in the intervention group was observed (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.20; 95%Confidence Interval (CI) [0.01, 4.20]). At 60-days (HR 0.48; 95%CI [0.03, 8.05]) and 90-days (HR 0.83; 95%CI [0.06, 11.36]), readmission rate reductions decreased to 52% and 17% respectively. In the intervention group, 68.9% received an out-patient appointment compared to 40% of controls (P<0.001) and 7.7% received allied health compared to none of the controls (p=0.003) within 90-days post-discharge.

Conclusion/ImplicationsResults have informed hospital-wide service implementation thereby demonstrating the value of linked EMR data and advanced statistical methods in the evaluation of real-world healthcare.