bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pioneer Transcription Factors: The First Domino in Zygotic Genome Activation
Authors: Fu Bo , Ma Hong , Liu Di
Published: June 2024

Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is a pivotal event in mammalian embryogenesis, marking the transition from maternal to zygotic control of development. During the ZGA process that is characterized by the intricate cascade of gene expression, who tipped the first domino in a meticulously arranged sequence is a subject of paramount interest. Recently, Dux, Obox and Nr5a2 were identified as pioneer transcription factors that reside at the top of transcriptional hierarchy. Through co-option of retrotransposon elements as hubs for transcriptional activation, these pioneer transcription factors rewire the gene regulatory network, thus initiating ZGA. In this review, we provide a snapshot of the mechanisms underlying the functions of these pioneer transcription factors. We propose that ZGA is the starting point where the embryo’s own genome begins to influence development trajectory, therefore in-depth dissecting the functions of pioneer transcription factors during ZGA will form a cornerstone of our understanding for early embryonic development, which will pave the way for advancing our grasp of mammalian developmental biology and optimizing in vitro production (IVP) techniques.
Exploring Novel Frontiers in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Tigu Adrian Bogdan , Tomuleasa Ciprian
Published: June 2024

Cancer progression and initiation are sustained by a series of alterations in molecular pathways because of genetic errors, external stimuli and other factors, which lead to an abnormal cellular function that can be translated into uncontrolled cell growth and metastasis [...]
Effects of Cerebellar Non-Invasive Stimulation on Neurorehabilitation in Stroke Patients: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Qi , Liu Yang , Zhang Yumei
Published: June 2024

The cerebellum is emerging as a promising target for noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS). A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effects of cerebellar NIBS on both motor and other symptoms in stroke rehabilitation, its impact on functional ability, and potential side effects (PROSPERO number: CRD42022365697). A systematic electronic database search was performed by using PubMed Central (PMC), EMBASE, and Web of Science, with a cutoff date of November 2023. Data extracted included study details, NIBS methodology, outcome measures, and results. The risk of bias in eligible studies was also assessed. Twenty-two clinical studies involving 1016 participants were finally included, with a focus on outcomes related to post-stroke motor recovery (gait and balance, muscle spasticity, and upper limb dexterity) and other functions (dysphagia and aphasia). Positive effects were observed, especially on motor functions like gait and balance. Some efficiency was also observed in dysphagia rehabilitation. However, findings on language recovery were preliminary and inconsistent. A slight improvement in functional ability was noted, with no serious adverse effects reported. Further studies are needed to explore the effects of cerebellar NIBS on post-stroke non-motor deficits and to understand how cerebellar engagement can facilitate more precise treatment strategies for stroke rehabilitation.
Bismuth Film along with dsDNA-Modified Electrode Surfaces as Promising (bio)Sensors in the Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soils
Authors: Keramari Vasiliki , Papadimou Sotiria G. , Golia Evangelia E. , Girousi Stella
Published: June 2024

Heavy metals constitute pollutants that are particularly common in air, water, and soil. They are present in both urban and rural environments, on land, and in marine ecosystems, where they cause serious environmental problems since they do not degrade easily, remain almost unchanged for long periods, and bioaccumulate. The detection and especially the quantification of metals require a systematic process. Regular monitoring is necessary because of seasonal variations in metal levels. Consequently, there is a significant need for rapid and low-cost metal determination methods. In this study, we compare and analytically validate absorption spectrometry with a sensitive voltammetric method, which uses a bismuth film-plated electrode surface and applies stripping voltammetry. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) represents a well-established analytical technique, while the applicability of anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) in complicated sample matrices such as soil samples is currently unknown. This sample-handling challenge is investigated in the present study. The results show that the AAS and ASV methods were satisfactorily correlated and showed that the metal concentration in soils was lower than the limit values but with an increasing trend. Therefore, continuous monitoring of metal levels in the urban complex of a city is necessary and a matter of great importance. The limits of detection of cadmium (Cd) were lower when using the stripping voltammetry (SWASV) graphite furnace technique compared with those obtained with AAS when using the graphite furnace. However, when using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (flame-AAS), the measurements tended to overestimate the concentration of Cd compared with the values found using SWASV. This highlights the differences in sensitivity and accuracy between these analytical methods for detecting Cd. The SWASV method has the advantage of being cheaper and faster, enabling the simultaneous determination of heavy elements across the range of concentrations that these elements can occur in Mediterranean soils. Additionally, a dsDNA biosensor is suggested for the discrimination of Cu(I) along with Cu(II) based on the oxidation peak of guanine, and adenine residues can be applied in the redox speciation analysis of copper in soil, which represents an issue of great importance.
Environmentally Sustainable Raised Access Flooring Product Development
Authors: Peng Wenjie , Su Daizhong , Wang Shuyi , Ianakiev Anton
Published: June 2024

Raised access floors are nowadays widely used in buildings. A novel raised access flooring product is developed by this research, with a set of sustainable features, including less environmental impact and high strength. Its floor panels are made of polyurethane (PU) reinforced with glass fibre, which is light-weight and fire-resistant, replacing the traditional floor panel materials, and the panels are supported by simplified steel stringers to reinforce the strength of the flooring product. Instead of the conventional sandwich design consisting of a core material encapsulated by outer layers, the new floor panel design adopts the reinforced PU as its sole material, which not only simplifies the structure but also reduces floor weight and costs. The sustainable advantage is further approved by the environmental life cycle assessments of the new raised flooring product in comparison to traditional ones made of cement and woodchips, with results showing that the new floor product’s total environmental impact is 52% less than cement floor and 47% less than woodchip board floor. Further, the finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out, and the experimental test was conducted to verify the FEA results, indicating that the new product’s strength is higher than the requirements of the raised access flooring product standards. There is no raised access flooring product made of PU reinforced with glass fibre available in the market, and, hence, the new product developed by this research is a novel contribution.
Toxicity-Induced Discontinuation of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: 6-Year Experience from a Specialized Uro-Oncology Center
Authors: Rodler Severin , Aydogdu Can , Brinkmann Isabel , Berg Elena , Kopliku Rega , Götz Melanie , Ivanova Troya , Tamalunas Alexander , Schulz Gerald B. , Heinemann Volker , Stief Christian G. , Casuscelli Jozefina
Published: June 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies have been established as the standard-of-care in various uro-oncological cancers. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequent, but their degree rarely leads to the discontinuation of immunotherapies. Unplanned permanent treatment discontinuation may negatively impact the outcomes of patients, but there are emerging data about a positive correlation between emergence of severe irAEs and therapeutic cancer responses. In this study, a retrospective analysis of patients treated for urothelial carcinoma (UC) with ICI-based immunotherapy was conducted. irAEs were classified according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAEs) and radiological responses according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECISTs). Out of 108 patients with metastatic urothelial cancer that underwent immunotherapy, 11 experienced a severe irAE that required permanent discontinuation of ICI therapy. The most frequent irAEs leading to discontinuation were hepatitis (n = 4), pneumonitis (n = 2), and gastritis or colitis (n = 2). Prior to discontinuation (R1), the radiological best response was complete remission (CR) in three patients, partial response (PR) in six, and stable disease (SD) in wo patients. After the discontinuation of ICI therapy (R2), the best responses were CR in six, PR in three, and SD in two patients. Following discontinuation, the majority of these patients showed a sustained treatment response, despite not receiving any cancer-specific treatment. The median time of response after discontinuation of ICI therapy was 26.0 (5.2–55.8) months. We propose accurate counseling and close follow-ups of patients following their discontinuation of ICI therapy due to irAEs, as responses can be durable and deep, and many patients do not require immediate subsequent therapies, even in urothelial cancer. More data are required to find predictors of the length of response to appropriately counsel patients.
A Radiomic Approach for Evaluating Intra-Subgroup Heterogeneity in SHH and Group 4 Pediatric Medulloblastoma: A Preliminary Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Ismail Marwa , Um Hyemin , Salloum Ralph , Hollnagel Fauzia , Ahmed Raheel , de Blank Peter , Tiwari Pallavi
Published: June 2024

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in children with extensive heterogeneity that results in varied clinical outcomes. Recently, MB was categorized into four molecular subgroups, WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4. While SHH and Group 4 are known for their intermediate prognosis, studies have reported wide disparities in patient outcomes within these subgroups. This study aims to create a radiomic prognostic signature, medulloblastoma radiomics risk (mRRisk), to identify the risk levels within the SHH and Group 4 subgroups, individually, for reliable risk stratification. Our hypothesis is that this signature can comprehensively capture tumor characteristics that enable the accurate identification of the risk level. In total, 70 MB studies (48 Group 4, and 22 SHH) were retrospectively curated from three institutions. For each subgroup, 232 hand-crafted features that capture the entropy, surface changes, and contour characteristics of the tumor were extracted. Features were concatenated and fed into regression models for risk stratification. Contrasted with Chang stratification that did not yield any significant differences within subgroups, significant differences were observed between two risk groups in Group 4 (p = 0.04, Concordance Index (CI) = 0.82) on the cystic core and non-enhancing tumor, and SHH (p = 0.03, CI = 0.74) on the enhancing tumor. Our results indicate that radiomics may serve as a prognostic tool for refining MB risk stratification, towards improved patient care.
The Importance of Intestinal Microbiota and Dysbiosis in the Context of the Development of Intestinal Lymphoma in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Breczko Wioleta Jadwiga , Bubak Joanna , Miszczak Marta
Published: June 2024

Recent advancements have significantly enhanced our understanding of the crucial role animal microbiomes play in veterinary medicine. Their importance in the complex intestinal environment spans immune modulation, metabolic homeostasis, and the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Dysbiosis, a microbial imbalance, can lead to a range of diseases affecting both individual organs and the entire organism. Microbial disruption triggers inflammatory responses in the intestinal mucosa and disturbs immune homeostasis, increasing susceptibility to toxins and their metabolites. These dynamics contribute to the development of intestinal lymphoma, necessitating rigorous investigation into the role of microbiota in tumorigenesis. The principles explored in this study extend beyond veterinary medicine to encompass broader human health concerns. There are remarkable parallels between the subtypes of lymphoproliferative disorders in animals and humans, particularly Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Understanding the etiology of a cancer of the lymphatic system formation is critical for developing both preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions, with the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes. The aim of this study is to discuss the optimal composition of the microbiome in dogs and cats and the potential alterations in the microbiota during the development of intestinal lesions, particularly intestinal lymphoma. Molecular and cellular analyses are also incorporated to detect inflammatory changes and carcinogenesis. A review of the literature on the connections between the gut microbiome and the development of lymphomas in dogs and cats is presented, along with potential diagnostic approaches for these cancers.
Cardiac Development Long Non-Coding RNA (CARDEL) Is Activated during Human Heart Development and Contributes to Cardiac Specification and Homeostasis
Authors: Pereira Isabela T. , Gomes-Júnior Rubens , Hansel-Frose Aruana , França Rhaíza S. V. , Liu Man , Soliman Hossam A. N. , Chan Sunny S. K. , Dudley Samuel C. , Kyba Michael , Dallagiovanna Bruno
Published: June 2024

Successful heart development depends on the careful orchestration of a network of transcription factors and signaling pathways. In recent years, in vitro cardiac differentiation using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has been used to uncover the intricate gene-network regulation involved in the proper formation and function of the human heart. Here, we searched for uncharacterized cardiac-development genes by combining a temporal evaluation of human cardiac specification in vitro with an analysis of gene expression in fetal and adult heart tissue. We discovered that CARDEL (CARdiac DEvelopment Long non-coding RNA; LINC00890; SERTM2) expression coincides with the commitment to the cardiac lineage. CARDEL knockout hPSCs differentiated poorly into cardiac cells, and hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes showed faster beating rates after controlled overexpression of CARDEL during differentiation. Altogether, we provide physiological and molecular evidence that CARDEL expression contributes to sculpting the cardiac program during cell-fate commitment.
Hypercalcemia in Cancer: Causes, Effects, and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Bartkiewicz Patrycja , Kunachowicz Dominika , Filipski Michał , Stebel Agata , Ligoda Julia , Rembiałkowska Nina
Published: June 2024

Calcium plays central roles in numerous biological processes, thereby, its levels in the blood are under strict control to maintain homeostatic balance and enable the proper functioning of living organisms. The regulatory mechanisms ensuring this balance can be affected by pathologies such as cancer, and as a result, hyper- or hypocalcemia can occur. These states, characterized by elevated or decreased calcium blood levels, respectively, have a significant effect on general homeostasis. This article focuses on a particular form of calcium metabolism disorder, which is hypercalcemia in neoplasms. It also constitutes a summary of the current knowledge regarding the diagnosis of hypercalcemia and its management. Hypercalcemia of malignancy is estimated to affect over 40% of cancer patients and can be associated with both solid and blood cancers. Elevated calcium levels can be an indicator of developing cancer. The main mechanism of hypercalcemia development in tumors appears to be excessive production of parathyroid hormone-related peptides. Among the known treatment methods, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, steroids, and denosumab should be mentioned, but ongoing research promotes progress in pharmacotherapy. Given the rising global cancer prevalence, the problem of hypercalcemia is of high importance and requires attention.
Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols Sources in Schoolchildren—A Pilot Study
Authors: Saps Miguel , Velasco-Benitez Carlos Alberto , Velasco-Suarez Daniela Alejandra , Alvarez-Baumgartner Maura , Balda Amber N. , Arrizabalo Samantha
Published: June 2024

Bothersome gastrointestinal (GI) signs/symptoms, including abdominal pain, distension, nausea, and flatulence, are common in children. A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) is frequently recommended for children with GI symptoms. Currently, there are no studies on the effect of FODMAPs in healthy schoolchildren. In this cross-sectional study, schoolchildren reported an association between FODMAPs and GI symptoms through a standardized questionnaire and images of 20 common staples known to be rich in FODMAPs. A total of 208 schoolchildren aged 8–18 years old participated. A proportion of 38.0% of children reported GI symptoms, with abdominal pain (33%) being the most common complaint followed by abdominal distension (24%) and nausea (23%). The majority of children who reported intolerances to FODMAP-containing foods were intolerant to less than two food groups (76%). While vegetables and legumes (26%), particularly black beans (11%) and onions (7%), emerged as the most common group of triggers, milk (12%) stood out as the single food most frequently associated with GI symptoms. In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of FODMAPs intolerance among schoolchildren. Larger studies are recommended to confirm these findings and to inform possible dietary interventions to reduce the effect of FODMAPs on schoolchildren.
The Root Extract of Rosa multiflora Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Development via Blockade of De Novo Lipogenesis and Inflammation
Authors: Kim Nam-Hee , Lee Seung-Jin , Lee Kyeong-Jin , Song Ae Ri , Park Hyun-Je , Kang Jong Soo , Cha Joo Young , Han Yong-Hyun
Published: June 2024

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by severe inflammation and fibrosis due to an excessive accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) in the liver with a dysregulated de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of YC-1102, an extract obtained from the roots of Rosa multiflora, as a nutritional supplement in a diet-induced NASH mouse model. C57BL/6 wild-type mice were fed a fructose, palmitate, and cholesterol (FPC)-containing diet for 16 weeks to induce experimental NASH. A daily oral gavage of YC-1102 and obetichoic acid (OCA) was conducted for 9 weeks. After sacrifice, disease parameters related to hepatic lipids, inflammation, and fibrosis were evaluated. The treatment with YC-1102 significantly decreased the liver/body weight ratio, epididymal fat weight, and plasma ALT and AST levels, which are indicators of NASH injuries. YC-1102 attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting the transcription of DNL genes in the livers exhibiting NASH. Additionally, we found that YC-1102 blocked the development of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by directly disturbing macrophage activation, resulting in an amelioration of hepatic fibrosis. Our findings suggest that YC-1102 could ameliorate NASH progression by inhibiting uncontrolled DNL and inflammation.
Anti-Melanogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 2′-Hydroxy-4′,6′-dimethoxychalcone in B16F10 and RAW264.7 Cells
Authors: Bae Sungmin , Lee Jung-No , Hyun Chang-Gu
Published: June 2024

Chalcone is a type of flavonoid compound that is widely biosynthesized in plants. Studies have shown that consuming flavonoids from fruits and vegetables or applying individual ingredients reduces the risk of skin disease. However, the effects of chalcone on melanogenesis and inflammation have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-melanogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of 2′-hydroxy-3,4′-dimethoxychalcone (3,4′-DMC), 2′-hydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxychalcone (4,4′-DMC), 2′-hydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxychalcone (3′,4′-DMC), and 2′-hydroxy-4′,6′-dimethoxychalcone (4′,6′-DMC). Among the derivatives of 2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxychalcone, 4′,6′-DMC demonstrated the most potent melanogenesis-inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects. As evidenced by various biological assays, 4′,6′-DMC showed no cytotoxicity and notably decreased the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 enzymes. Furthermore, it reduced cellular melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity in B16F10 melanoma cells by downregulating microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), and protein kinase B (AKT) proteins, while upregulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p-β-catenin. Additionally, treatment with 4′,6′-DMC significantly mitigated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of NO, PGE2, inflammatory cytokines, COX-2, and iNOS proteins. Overall, 4′,6′-DMC treatment notably alleviated LPS-induced damage by reducing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), p38, JNK protein levels, and NF-kB/p65 nuclear translocation. Finally, the topical applicability of 4′,6′-DMC was evaluated in a preliminary human skin irritation test and no adverse effects were found. These findings suggest that 4′,6′-DMC may offer new possibilities for use as functional ingredients in cosmeceuticals and ointments.
Obesity as a Confounding Factor in the Diagnosis of Wilson’s Disease: Case Report of Two Siblings with the Same Genotype but Different Clinical Courses
Authors: Bracciamà Emanuele , Sapuppo Annamaria , Rapisarda Laura , Siciliano Enrico , Caciotti Anna , Morrone Amelia , Ruggieri Martino , Cantarella Giuseppina , Bernardini Renato , Bertino Gaetano
Published: June 2024

Wilson’s disease (WD) is a biallelic disease-causing variant in the ATP7B gene on chromosome 13q14.3 that results in copper accumulation in many organs, particularly the liver and brain. The phenotypic spectrum is wide and symptoms at onset can be heterogeneous. We describe two Sicilian siblings, a young man and his elder sister, both compound heterozygous for the variants c.1286-2A>G and c.2668G>A (p.Val890Met) in the ATB7B gene. The male patient presented with liver cirrhosis, which quickly progressed to end-stage liver disease (Child–Pugh score = C10), while his sister had moderate steatotic liver disease (SLD). Our findings highlight that SLD may not always be related to obesity in overweight patients, especially when there are other potential risk factors such as a family history of chronic liver disease, or the persistence of high transaminase despite the adoption of adequate dietary and pharmacological intervention. Screening for conditions such as WD could identify patients at risk of developing SLD and avoid delays in diagnosis. Phenotypic variability in WD is considerable; therefore, further studies are needed to identify which WD patients have a greater risk of developing SLD and determine factors that can predict the severity of the disease.
Smoking and Hypertriglyceridemia Predict ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Kosovo Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Poniku Afrim , Batalli Arlind , Shita Dua , Rexhaj Zarife , Ferati Arlind , Leka Rita , Bajraktari Artan , Abdyli Genc , Haliti Edmond , Ibrahimi Pranvera , Karahoda Rona , Elezi Shpend , Shatri Faik , Bytyçi Ibadete , Henein Michael , Bajraktari Gani
Published: June 2024

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI), presented as ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI), is influenced by atherosclerosis risk factors. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the patterns of presentation of patients with acute MI in Kosovo. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo, which included all patients hospitalized with acute MI over a period of 7 years. Results: Among the 7353 patients admitted with acute MI (age 63 ± 12 years, 29% female), 59.4% had STEMI and 40.6% had NSTEMI. The patients with NSTEMI patients less (48.3% vs. 54%, p < 0.001), but more of them had diabetes (37.8% vs. 33.6%, p < 0.001), hypertension (69.6% vs. 63%, p < 0.001), frequently had a family history of coronary artery disease (CAD) (40% vs. 38%, p = 0.009), and had more females compared to the patients with STEMI (32% vs. 27%, p < 0.001). The patients with NSTEMI underwent less primary percutaneous interventions compared with the patients with STEMI (43.6% vs. 55.2%, p < 0.001). Smoking [1.277 (1.117–1.459), p ˂ 0.001] and high triglycerides [0.791 (0.714–0.878), p = 0.02] were independent predictors of STEMI. Conclusions: In Kosovo, patients with STEMI are more common than those with NSTEMI, and they were mostly males and more likely to have diabetes, hypertension, and a family history of CAD compared to those with NSTEMI. Smoking and high triglycerides proved to be the strongest predictors of acute STEMI in Kosovo, thus highlighting the urgent need for optimum atherosclerosis risk control and education strategies.
Between Maroon Tradition and State Law in Jamaica: A Case Study of Challenges to Environmental Governance in a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Authors: Samuels-Jones Tameka , Perz Stephen
Published: June 2024

In the quest for effective environmental governance, the integration of legal and cultural pluralism within conservation strategies emerges as a critical factor, especially in regions marked by rich ethnic diversity and complex historical legacies. This paper explores the symbiotic relationship between state conservation efforts and the engagement of local communities, with a particular focus on the Indigenous Maroon communities in the Blue and John Crow Mountains (BJCMs) of Jamaica. It underscores the imperative of aligning conservation objectives with the aspirations and traditional practices of these communities to foster sustainable ecosystems and safeguard Indigenous autonomy. Central to this discourse is the development of collaborative frameworks that respect and incorporate the legal and cultural dimensions of pluralism, thereby facilitating a co-managed approach to environmental stewardship. This study emphasizes the role of collaboration and trust as pivotal elements in cultivating a mutual understanding of the interdependencies between state law and Indigenous law. This research advocates for a reciprocal exchange of knowledge between the state and community members, aiming to empower the latter with the resources necessary for effective environmental protection while respecting their legal autonomy. This approach not only enhances conservation initiatives overall, but also ensures that these efforts are informed by the rich cultural heritage and traditional ecological knowledge of the Maroon communities. By examining the conservation practices and governance challenges faced by the Maroons in the BJCMs, this paper reveals the nuanced dynamics of implementing state-led conservation laws in areas characterized by cultural and legal pluralism. The findings highlight the necessity for state regulatory frameworks to enable collaborative governance models that complement, rather than undermine, the traditional governance structures of the Maroons. This research contributes to the broader discourse on environmental governance by illustrating the potential of culturally informed conservation strategies to address environmental threats while respecting and reinforcing the social fabric of Indigenous communities.
In Situ Calculation of the Rotation Barriers of the Methyl Groups of Tribromomesitylene Crystals: Theory Meets Experiment
Authors: Amar Anissa , Zeroual Soria , Rocquefelte Xavier , Boucekkine Abdou
Published: June 2024

The computation of the rotation barriers of the methyl groups (Me) of tribromomesitylene (TBM) crystals has been carried out. Experimentally, the barriers of the three Me groups of TBM are found to be high and different. These groups do not experience the same hindering environment in the crystal state. For an isolated TBM molecule, the three barriers are equal and very low. We found that a cluster of 21 TBM molecules permits the reproduction of the crystal symmetry and structure of the bulk, with a central molecule surrounded by six molecules in the same plane and seven other molecules in two planes above and below. DFT computations including dispersion corrections have been carried out using the ONIOM procedure. The Me groups of the central TBM molecule were rotated step by step to determine the conformations of lowest and highest energy for each Me, thus allowing estimation of the rotation barriers as the difference between these energies. In doing so, we found the following barrier values, namely 105, 173, and 205 cm−1, whereas the experimental values were 111, 180 and 200 cm−1.
Abstracts of the Joint Annual Meeting 2024 of the Swiss Society of Neurosurgery (SSNS) and the Swiss Society of Neuroradiology (SSNR) Together with the Association of Neurosurgical Nursing Staff Switzerland
Authors:   Swiss Society of Neurosurgery (SSNS),   Swiss Society of Neuroradiology (SSNR)
Published: June 2024

Main Topic: Artificial Intelligence and Digitalization: Applications to Neurosurgery and Neuroradiology. On behalf of the SSNS and SSNR, we are pleased to present the Abstracts of the Joint Annual Meeting, which is held at the Congress Kursaal Interlaken, Switzerland, 20–21 June 2024. In total, 62 abstracts were selected, of which 19 abstracts are oral presentations and 43 abstracts are for ePoster. We congratulate all the presenters on their research work and contribution.
The Relationship between Grinnellian and Eltonian Niche Characteristics and Passerine Distribution across a Latitudinal Gradient
Authors: Stukenholtz Erin E. , Stevens Richard D.
Published: June 2024

The degree to which Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics influence species distribution may depend on latitude. Tropical regions are environmentally stable and resource-rich, whereas temperate regions are comparatively less environmentally stable (e.g., environmental filtering). Moreover, phylogenetic niche conservatism could influence distributions by inhibiting the ability for species to colonize environmentally different locations. Herein, we examine relationships between niche characteristics, passerine distributions, and phylogenetic niche conservatism across the latitudinal gradient. We used environmental and climatic variables to characterize Grinnellian niches and diets to characterize Eltonian niches. We conducted variation partitioning with retained components from ordination methods to evaluate the degree of association of Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics with passerine distribution across latitudes. We examined the relationship between phylogenetic signal and niche characteristics with a phylogenetic regression. Passerine distributions were more related to environmental gradients than resources across latitudes. While niche conservatism was prevalent in Eltonian niche characteristics, phylogeny was related to Grinnellian niche characteristics in only 46% of biomes. There was no latitudinal gradient in phylogenetic niche conservatism or the degree to which Eltonian and Grinnellian niche characteristics relate to passerine distribution. Niche conservatism, albeit weak, was present for Grinnellian niche characteristics, thus potentially influencing the expansion of passerine distributions into the northern hemisphere.
Comparative Analysis of Lymphocyte Populations in Post-COVID-19 Condition and COVID-19 Convalescent Individuals
Authors: Berger Luisa , Wolf Johannes , Kalbitz Sven , Kellner Nils , Lübbert Christoph , Borte Stephan
Published: June 2024

Reduced lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood are one of the most common observations in acute phases of viral infections. Although many studies have already examined the impact of immune (dys)regulation during SARS-CoV-2 infection, there are still uncertainties about the long-term consequences for lymphocyte homeostasis. Furthermore, as persistent cellular aberrations have been described following other viral infections, patients with “Post-COVID-19 Condition” (PCC) may present similarly. In order to investigate cellular changes in the adaptive immune system, we performed a retrospective analysis of flow cytometric data from lymphocyte subpopulations in 106 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who received medical care at our institution. The patients were divided into three groups according to the follow-up date; laboratory analyses of COVID-19 patients were compared with 28 unexposed healthy controls. Regarding B lymphocyte subsets, levels of IgA + CD27+, IgG + CD27+, IgM + CD27− and switched B cells were significantly reduced at the last follow-up compared to unexposed healthy controls (UHC). Of the 106 COVID-19 patients, 56 were clinically classified as featuring PCC. Significant differences between PCC and COVID-19 convalescents compared to UHC were observed in T helper cells and class-switched B cells. However, we did not detect specific or long-lasting immune cellular changes in PCC compared to the non-post-COVID-19 condition.
Design and Characterization of an Active Cooling System for Temperature-Sensitive Sample Delivery Applications Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Pamula Ganapathi , Pamula Lakshmi , Ramachandran Ashwin
Published: June 2024

The transport of temperature-sensitive biological samples (blood, medicines, patient samples, vaccines, organs, etc.) to hard-to-reach places remains a challenge. This is especially true in places where infrastructure is limited, for which the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is an attractive solution. In this project, a cooling system compatible with on-board drone applications for the delivery of samples that require cold temperature storage and transportation was built, tested, and characterized. Specifically, a miniature polystyrene cooling unit with Peltier coolers was designed and built, enabling temperatures as low as −10 °C within the unit to be achieved. Further, passive and active cooling control strategies including the use of active feedback-control were explored to achieve a consistent temperature range between 2 °C and 8 °C. Finally, calculations of on-board power and battery weight required to achieve target cooling performance as a function of ambient environmental conditions are presented. Overall, this study presents an important step towards the design and development of drone-based technologies for temperature-sensitive sample delivery.
Effectiveness of Using ChatGPT as a Tool to Strengthen Benefits of the Flipped Learning Strategy
Authors: Huesca Gilberto , Martínez-Treviño Yolanda , Molina-Espinosa José Martín , Sanromán-Calleros Ana Raquel , Martínez-Román Roberto , Cendejas-Castro Eduardo Antonio , Bustos Raime
Published: June 2024

In this study, we evaluate how ChatGPT complements and enriches the traditional flipped learning strategy in higher education, particularly in engineering courses. Using an experimental design involving 356 students from basic programming courses in undergraduate engineering programs, we compared the normalized learning gain between groups that used the ChatGPT-assisted flipped learning strategy (focus groups) and those that followed a traditional video-based flipped learning methodology (control groups). The intervention lasted ten weeks, with two sessions of two hours each week. A pre-test–post-test analysis revealed that the focus groups showed significant improvement in normalized learning gain values compared to the control groups. These results confirm that incorporating ChatGPT into the flipped learning strategy can significantly enhance student performance by providing a more active, interactive, and personalized approach during the teaching–learning process. We conclude that the flipped learning strategy, upgraded with the assistance of ChatGPT, provides an effective means to improve understanding and application of complex concepts in programming courses, with potential to be extended to other areas of study in higher education. This study opens routes for future research on the integration of artificial intelligence into innovative pedagogical strategies with the goal of scaffolding the learning experience and improving educational outcomes.
Emotional Intelligence and Personality Traits of University Students in Dentistry, Medicine and Pharmacy Degrees
Authors: Gómez-Polo Cristina , Montero Javier , Portillo Muñoz María , Lobato Carreño Maria , Pardal-Peláez Beatriz , Zubizarreta-Macho Álvaro , Martín Casado Ana María
Published: June 2024

Background: This study aimed to characterize dentistry, medicine and pharmacy students in terms of emotional intelligence (EI) and personality traits (PTs). It also sought to identify whether differences existed according to gender and degree program and the relationship between them. Methods: Students enrolled in dentistry (115), medicine (85) and pharmacy (57) degree programs participated voluntarily in the research, including 59 men and 198 women. The following questionnaires were used: (1) the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) to evaluate EI; (2) the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) to assess PT. The Qualtrics XM platform was used for data collection. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between three components of EI, either according to gender or degree program. The only difference in PTs was found in neuroticism, where women scored higher than men. There were statistically significant differences between students on different degree programs in openness to experience and responsibility. The five PTs correlated significantly with the three components of EI, except responsibility and emotional attention. The strongest associations were found between neuroticism and emotional repair (−0.439). Conclusions: High percentages of the student population were observed to have weaknesses in emotional clarity and emotional repair. Neuroticism is a personality trait that seems to occur more frequently in women.
Multi-Relation Extraction for Cybersecurity Based on Ontology Rule-Enhanced Prompt Learning
Authors: Wang Fei , Ding Zhaoyun , Liu Kai , Xin Lehai , Zhao Yu , Zhou Yun
Published: June 2024

In the domain of cybersecurity, available annotated data are often scarce, especially for Chinese cybersecurity datasets, often necessitating the manual construction of datasets. The scarcity of samples is one of the challenges in researching cybersecurity, especially for the “no-relation” class. Since the annotation process typically focuses only on known relation classes, there are usually no training samples for the “no-relation” class. This poses a zero-shot classification problem, where during the classification process, there is a tendency to classify into a class with a relationship. Zero-shot classification tasks are particularly challenging in this context. Moreover, most relation classification models currently need to traverse all relations to calculate the class with the highest probability. Therefore, the problem of “computational redundancy” is another challenge faced. Thus, how to accurately and efficiently acquire cyberspace knowledge from heterogeneous data sources and address the challenges such as sample scarcity, zero-shot recognition, and computational redundancy is the main focus of this chapter. To address these problems, this chapter designs a multi-relation extraction model based on ontology rule-enhanced prompt learning, which is a parameter-sharing-based multi-task model. By introducing prompt learning, which has shown significant effectiveness in the few-shot domain, this chapter designs prompt templates combining discrete and continuous tokens and uses rule injection in prompt learning to solve the difficulties in zero-shot recognition of “no-relation” and computational redundancy issues, achieving efficient and accurate multi-relation extraction. Specifically, by constructing sub-prompts to achieve an efficient combination of templates, a parameter-sharing structure is used to implement knowledge extraction step by step: The first step constructs entity prompt templates combining discrete and continuous tokens, identifying the classes of two entities based on prompt learning. The second step involves rule injection, identifying whether it belongs to the “no-relation” class based on the combination of sub-prompts; if there is no connection between the classes of two entities, it is classified as “no relation”; if a connection exists, the candidate relation set is filtered out. The third step uses the pre-trained model and vectors from the first step, utilizing prompt learning and rule judgment to determine the relation class from the candidate relation set. Finally, the effectiveness of our model is validated on the general datasets TACRED, ReTACRED, and the cybersecurity dataset constructed in this paper.
Five-Stage Fast Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Lamb Waves Depolarization
Authors: Wang Tong , Liang Wei
Published: June 2024

Lithium-ion batteries are essential for the development of consumer electronics and electric vehicles due to their high energy density, low self-discharge rate, and easy maintenance. To optimize the performance of lithium-ion batteries and meet the battery requirements of devices, it is necessary to charge the batteries at a faster rate. Therefore, this paper proposes a five-stage constant current charging method based on Lamb wave depolarization to enhance the charging efficiency. Specifically, the orthogonal experimental method is first used to determine the near-optimal value of the charging current in each stage of the five-stage constant current charging process. Subsequently, Lamb waves are introduced during the charging process of each constant current charging stage. Compared with the traditional five-stage constant current charging method, the five-stage constant current charging method based on Lamb wave depolarization improves the charging efficiency. The charging efficiency of the five-stage constant current charging method based on Lamb wave depolarization with an excitation voltage peak-to-peak amplitude Vpp of 120 and an excitation duration of 6 min is 20% higher than that of the traditional five-stage constant current charging method. The weakening of the polarization effect is positively correlated with the Lamb wave excitation voltage. In addition, the five-stage constant current charging method based on Lamb wave depolarization is superior to the five-stage constant current shelving depolarization charging method and the five-stage constant current negative pulse depolarization charging method in improving the charging efficiency.
Experimental Study of Forced Imbibition in Tight Reservoirs Based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance under High-Pressure Conditions
Authors: Li Xiaoshan , Yang Liu , Sun Dezhi , Ling Bingjian , Wang Suling
Published: June 2024

This study utilizes nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to monitor complex microstructures and fluid transport, systematically examining fluid distribution and migration during pressure imbibition. The results indicate that increased applied pressure primarily affects micropores and small pores during the initial imbibition stage, enhancing the overall imbibition rate and oil recovery. Higher capillary pressure in the pores strengthens the imbibition ability, with water initially displacing oil from smaller pores. Natural microfractures allow water to preferentially enter and displace oil, thereby reducing oil recovery from these pores. Additionally, clay minerals may induce fracture expansion, facilitating oil flow into the expanding space. This study provides new insights into fluid distribution and migration during pressure imbibition, offering implications for improved oil production in tight reservoirs.
Artificial Intelligence and Digital Tools for Assisting Low-Carbon Architectural Design: Merging the Use of Machine Learning, Large Language Models, and Building Information Modeling for Life Cycle Assessment Tool Development
Authors: Płoszaj-Mazurek Mateusz , Ryńska Elżbieta
Published: June 2024

The construction sector is a significant contributor to global carbon emissions and a major consumer of non-renewable resources. Architectural design decisions play a critical role in a building’s carbon footprint, making it essential to incorporate environmental analyses at various design stages. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and building information modeling (BIM) can support designers in achieving low-carbon architectural design. The proposed solution involves the development of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool. This study presents a novel approach to optimizing the environmental impact of architectural projects. It combines machine learning (ML), large language models (LLMs), and building information modeling (BIM) technologies. The first case studies present specific examples of tools developed for this purpose. The first case study details a machine learning-assisted tool used for estimating carbon footprints during the design phase and shows numerical carbon footprint optimization results. The second case study explores the use of LLMs, specifically ChatGPT, as virtual assistants to suggest optimizations in architectural design and shows tests on the suggestions made by the LLM. The third case study discusses integrating BIM in the form of an IFC file, carbon footprint analysis, and AI into a comprehensive 3D application, emphasizing the importance of AI in enhancing decision-making processes in architectural design.
Concentrations and Oxidative Potential of PM2.5 and Black Carbon Inhalation Doses at US–Mexico Port of Entry
Authors: Zurita Rita , Quintana Penelope J. E. , Toledano-Magaña Yanis , Wakida Fernando T. , Montoya Lupita D. , Castillo Javier Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

Located between Mexico and the US, the San Ysidro/El Chaparral Land Port of Entry (SYPOE) is one of the busiest border crossings in the world. People with activities at the SYPOE are exposed to vehicular pollutants, especially particles with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC), both associated with adverse health effects. This study presents the first PM2.5 and BC concentration measurements collected on the Mexican side of the SYPOE. The oxidative potential (OP) for PM2.5 and the inhalation dose of BC for people at the border were also evaluated. Autumn and winter showed the highest PM2.5 concentrations (at 28.7 μg m−3 and 28.2 μg m−3, respectively). BC concentration peaked in the winter of 2017 (at 5.7 ± 6 μgm−3), demonstrating an increase during periods with low wind speeds. The highest OPDTT of PM2.5 was reached in winter, with a value of 18.5 pmol min−1 µg−1 (0.6 nmol min−1m−3). The highest average daily inhalation dose for pedestrians was registered in the autumn of 2018 (5.9 μg for a 60-min waiting time), whereas, for workers, it was in the winter of 2017 (19 μg for a 10-h shift on average). Decreasing waiting times for pedestrians and adjusting work schedules for border workers on high concentration days could ameliorate environmental justice.