bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personality Disorder Symptoms in Intermittent Explosive Disorder: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Ciesinski Nicole K. , Drabick Deborah A. G. , Berman Mitchell E. , McCloskey Michael S.
Published: February 2024

Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is characterized by recurrent reactive aggression. IED is associated with significant personality pathology that is suggestive of higher levels of general personality disorder (PD). However, little is known about how personality factors impact the severity and presentation of IED. The present study employed a latent class analysis to assess for distinct PD symptom classes within IED and to evaluate whether these classes differed in terms of severity and behavioral presentation. Statistical and clinical indicators revealed a four-class model, with latent classes distinguished primarily on general levels of PD symptoms (low, moderate, high). However, the two moderate PD symptom classes were distinguished from other classes on avoidant PD. In addition, classes differed in terms of severity and presentation, suggesting important implications for both general PD and avoidant PD comorbidity within IED. Results provide further insight into the heterogeneity within IED and suggest a more nuanced approach in treating this serious condition.
FRANCE: SOCIAL CLEAVAGES IN THE FACE OF POLITICAL PROCESSES
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Preobrazhenskaya Arina
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The article examines the social schisms existing in French society and the impact that these divisions had on the social climate and political processes in the country. The factors contributing to the formation of these imbalances are analyzed. It is shown that although the ruling circles have smoothed out the social consequences of numerous extraordinary events that took place during Macron’s rule, they have not been able to mitigate the fundamental social divisions. The author comes to the conclusion that the abundance of deep social divisions in society leads to social instability, fragmentation of the political space and a significant increase in the influence of populist movements. Special attention is paid to the problems of increasing the degree of radicalism in the political arena and the degree of aggression and violence in society
THE SWISS MODEL OF RELATIONS WITH THE EU AFTER THE YEAR 2021
Authors:   MGIMO University, Menchikov Daniil
Published: February 2024

In the article, the peculiarities of the Swiss model of relations with the EU are considered. The political and economic aspects are distinguished. The first category includes, among other issues, the alignment with the EU foreign policy, preserving, nevertheless, the own principles of neutrality and sovereignty, as well as an active participation in the EU programs. The next important feature of the Swiss model of relations with the EU is integration to a significant extent of the EU law into the Swiss legislation. The economic features include an active participation of Switzerland in the European Single Market, and politisation of issues of economic cooperation by the European Union. A possible impact of suspending the negotiations on the institutional framework agreement in 2021 at the Swiss initiative is studied. The author concludes that the mentioned impact has been so far quite small, as the relations are progressively developing. It can be explained by the theory of economic interdependence of R. Keohane. The scientific significance of the work lies in a small extent of investigation of the topic of the Swiss model of relations with the EU, as well as the study of the impact of long-term factors on the EU relations with third states. The chosen methods are content analysis and synthesis.
EARLY PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN SERBIA
Authors:   Institute of Europe, RAS, Kandel Pavel
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the early elections held in Serbia on December 17, 2023 – parliamentary, metropolitan and partly local. The main motive for their early holding: the desire to confirm the legitimacy of power after mass protests of the opposition, also to demonstrate its political impotence, and simultaneously buy time on the foreign policy stage to reduce pressure from Washington and Brussels. The outcome of the election was another victory for President A. Vučič and ruling Serbian Progressive Party. She was not a mystery to observers or participants beforehand. You could only argue about the account. But in the capital, the opposition had good chances, and this was confirmed. The voting results were considered and an assessment was given of the opposition demonstrations after the elections, as well as the degree and nature of involvement in these events of Brussels and Washington. The reasons for the persistent invincibility of the ruling «progressives», the partial strengthening of the pro-Western «democratic» opposition and the unexpected success of the new populist movement «We are a voice from the people» have been revealed. The logic of political behavior and the relationship between foreign and political balancing of the President of Serbia were analyzed. It was concluded that A. Vučič mainly achieved his goals and retained such a structure of power that provides him with a central role in Serbian politics, as well as free hands in further orientation in the international arena. It will not be unambiguous and straightforward in any case. But his room for maneuver has narrowed, and the direction of drift will be determined by the balance of power in the confrontation between West and East.
THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE’S APPROACH TO THE CRISIS IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Lobanova Natalia
Published: February 2024

The author analyses changes in the position of the House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee by comparing debates on Ukraine during two distinct periods: 2014–2017 and 2022– 2023. The article considers the most pressing issues raised during the parliamentary debates. Particular attention is paid to the methods used by the committee and the ways in which the committee members informed the British government about their position. The analysis is based on the materials of the House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee: reports, oral and written evidence, sessional returns and the news about committee work found on the UK Parliament’s website. The author concludes that the committee’s views on Ukraine have changed significantly. It is highlighted that in the mid 2010s the committee condemned Russia’s actions in Ukraine but sought to maintain cooperation with Moscow on the most vital issues, whereas during the second period of 2022–2023 the committee’s position became more consolidated as it took a harsher stance on Ukraine.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STAND FOR RESEARCHING THE PROPERTIES OF SPENT FUEL ASSEMBLY DRY STORAGE
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Koroliov O. , Yatsenko M. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Klymchuk D. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Gryshchenko S. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University
Published: February 2024

The paper analyzes the modern methods of storing spent nuclear fuel and its processing, taking into account the finding of fuel in spent fuel assemblies. Currently, the most common methods involve storage in containers for fuel assemblies filled with a substance that has a high thermal conductivity. Therefore, experimental methods of researching the storage properties of spent fuel assemblies in containers are promising. In the work, research was carried out in the indicated directions with the help of the created experimental stand. A description of the stand itself and the sequence of conducting the experiment are given, as a result of which the necessary experimental data should be obtained. Namely, the heating regimes in the experimental heater were determined, which are close to the real processes of heating spent fuel assemblies loaded into the container. For this purpose, a laboratory autotransformer with a capacity of 4.6 kW was used. The next task was to determine the time required for the heater to go into constant operation. For this purpose, the concept of constant time of the heating process was introduced. FLIR ONE thermal imager was used to determine this parameter, as well as devices that allowed to determine the voltage on the laboratory autotransformer. This made it possible to determine the dependence of the change in the temperature of the heater on time and voltage, as well as the voltage of the heater, which simulates real heating modes. The paper presents the thermographic results of thermal imager measurement of the main areas of the stand. Taking into account that the power of the heater should be about 1.5 kW, the stand was made airtight with pressure control and taking into account the real conditions of storage of spent fuel assemblies, where there may be damage and cracks in the container. As a result of the conducted experimental studies, the optimal heating modes of the heater were determined.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOLAR SYSTEMS USE IN THE UNIVERSITY CENTRALIZED HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Babaev E. , Pozdniakova G. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University
Published: February 2024

The paper analyzes the current state of solar energy for communal needs and the possibility of using it as part of centralized heat supply systems. Helio systems are widely used in the southern region for a number of reasons. The use of solar collectors allows you to significantly reduce the heat consumption of buildings in the summer, and sometimes to reduce the use of traditional energy sources to zero. However, in other periods of the year, the share of replacement by traditional solar energy is much lower. In such cases, the question arises as to which heat supply load the system will be designed for - for summer, winter or demi-season. To fulfill the main tasks of the research, an analysis of the main operating methods and software complexes for calculating the operation of the solar system as part of combined heat supply systems was carried out. The main indicators that affect the efficiency of the solar system and recommendations for their selection when calculating the annual heat output are also given. For the centralized heat supply system of the university's buildings, a simulation of the operation of the solar plant throughout the year was carried out. For buildings of different types, storeys, area, purpose, an analysis of the effectiveness of solar systems using different types of solar collectors was carried out with the help of a specialized software complex. The share of heat replacement by solar collectors is shown, which shows the expediency of using solar collectors on a number of buildings.
Discovering the Best Criminology Program in Poland: Contemplation of the Month-long Sabbatical at the University of Białystok
Authors:   Ontario Tech University, Canada, Cao Liqun
Published: February 2024

This article traces the friendship between Professor Emil Pływaczewski and me over a quarter of a century with an emphasis on my impressions of Poland in general and Białystok School of Criminology in particular during my recent one-month stay. While I have been fascinated by the best criminology program growing from none to the current prominence, I argue that criminology’s potential as avant-garde of legal reform before the passage of law and as evidence-based evaluation has not been fully developed in Poland. International criminology as a method permeates every aspect of research. As a progressive and meliorative major, criminology could further promote good and inclusive society and play a role in closing the gap between the survivalist culture and self-expressionist culture by strengthening justice-based institutional structure and the rule of law through ramping-up global connectivity among international scholars.
ОЦІНКА СТАНУ ПОСТАВИ ЧОЛОВІКІВ ПЕРШОГО ПЕРІОДУ ЗРІЛОГО ВІКУ, ЩО ЗАЙМАЮТЬСЯ ОЗДОРОВЧИМ ФІТНЕСОМ
Authors: Кашуба Віталій , Ватаманюк Сергій , Хабінець Тамара
Published: February 2024

Мета. Оцінка стану біогеометричного профілю постави чоловіків першого періоду зрілого віку, що займаються оздоровчим фітнесом. Методи. Для виконання поставлених завдань використано такі методи дослідження: педагогічний експеримент, візуальний скринінг, методи математичної статистики. Результати. Встановлено з віком  негативну динаміку збільшення кількості порушень постави у чоловіків 26–35 років. Експрес-контроль біогеометричного профілю постави чоловіків вказує на той факт, що серед чоловіків першого періоду зрілого віку з нормальною поставою немає з низьким рівнем біогеометричного профілю. Розподіл чоловіків 26–30 років  і чоловіків 31–35 років як з порушеною, так і з нормальною поставою за показниками оцінки стану біогеометричного профілю постави у фронтальній і сагітальній площинах, а також узагальненою сумарною оцінкою відповідав закону нормального розподілу. Для виділення зони ризику виникнення функціональних порушень опорно-рухового апарату були побудовані графіки нормального розподілу чоловіків 26–30 років  і чоловіків 31–35 років з нормальною поставою і з порушеннями постави відповідно за показниками оцінки стану біогеометричного профілю постави у фронтальній і сагітальній площинах, а також за показником узагальненої сумарної оцінки біогеометричного профілю постави. Висновок. За результатами дослідження встановлено з віком  негативну динаміку збільшення кількості порушень постави у чоловіків 26–35 років. Експрес-контроль біогеометричного профілю постави чоловіків вказує на той факт, що серед чоловіків першого періоду зрілого віку з нормальною поставою немає осіб з низьким рівнем біогеометричного профілю постави.
ДИСТАНЦІЙНЕ НАВЧАННЯ ЯК ПРИЧИНА ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО ВИГОРАННЯ ВИКЛАДАЧІВ ЗВО З ПРАКТИЧНИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ
Authors: Шаповалов Микола , Сушко Руслана
Published: February 2024

Для викладачів закладів вищої освіти взагалі, а фахівців, які організовують практичні заняття з дисциплін фізичного виховання особливо, дистанційне навчання стало потужним професійним викликом і актуальним питанням пошуку творчих підходів для ефективного освітнього процесу від початку пандемії та є визначеною темою досліджень сьогодення через воєнний стан. Викладач має значну кількість перешкод і чинників, що викликають не лише психо-емоційний стрес через незвичні обставини менш досконалого освітнього процесу через практичну складову, але й, як наслідок, професійне вигорання спеціаліста, що негативно відображатиметься на його здоров’ї і якості підготовки сту-дентів. Мета – обґрунтувати проблему виникнення і визначити рівень професійного вигорання викла-дачів ЗВО з практичних дисциплін фізичного виховання під час дистанційного освітнього процесу в умо-вах кризових явищ. Методи дослідження: аналіз та узагальнення даних науково-методичних літератур-них джерел і інформативних даних мережі Інтернет, анкетування за допомогою модифікованого опиту-вальника. Результати. У дослідженні взяли участь 20 досвідчених викладачів практичних дисциплін фізичного виховання закладів вищої освіти міст Києва, Запоріжжя, Львова, Дніпра. Виявлено рівень їх професійного вигорання на підставі проведеного анкетування з метою виявлення і оцінки якісних характеристик негативної і позитивної сторін психологічного стану під час проведення практичних дисциплін дистанційно. Висновок. Викладач-практик додатково обтяжений посиленням відповідаль-ності за якість надання освітніх послуг через специфіку викладання практичних занять з фізичного виховання дистанційно, що посилює психологічний тиск на особистість. Результати визначення рівня виникнення професійного вигорання під час дистанційного освітнього процесу характеризують існу-вання проблеми: 45 % фахівців, а саме 9 осіб з низьким рівнем (1-26 балів), 55 % фахівців, а саме 11 осіб, з середнім рівнем (27 – 53 балів), у вибірці відсутні викладачі з високим рівнем (54 – 80 балів).
ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО СТАНУ СТУДЕНТІВ В УМОВАХ ОБМЕЖЕНОГО ПРОСТОРУ
Authors: Дегтярьова Ірина , Церетелі Вікторія , Гасан Юлія
Published: February 2024

Мета роботи – визначити ефективність запропонованої технології відновлення функціональ-ного стану студентів, котрі опинилися в умовах обмеженого простору через пандемію, воєнний стан у країні або неможливість користування запропонованими засобами фізичної активності за межами одного приміщення. Методи дослідження. Для визначення функціонального стану студентів викорис-товували опитувальники (ступінь хронічного стомлення та гострого фізичного стомлення), та визна-чення фізіологічних резервів організму студента за індексом Руф’є. Результати. Запропоновано під час дистанційного навчання, коли студенти більшу часу проводять в обмеженому просторі, для підтри-мання та поліпшення функціонального стану, виконувати вправи з фітнес-йоги, включати психоемо-ційне тренування та на протязі доби робити рухові хвилини. Виявлено рівень стомлення та функціо-нального стану студентів експериментальної групи на початку та у кінці експерименту, після засто-сування розробленої технології. Встановлено залежність функціонального стану від рухової актив-ності. Висновки. Доведена ефективність застосування розробленої технології відновлення функ-ціонального стану студентів в умовах обмеженого простору.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ВАРІАТИВНОГО МОДУЛЯ “ДИТЯЧА ЛЕГКА АТЛЕТИКА” 5-6 КЛАСІВ В УМОВАХ НУШ
Authors: Байдюк Микола
Published: February 2024

Мета. Проаналізувати та охарактеризувати варіативний модуль “Дитяча легка атлетика” 5-6 класів в умовах нової української школи. Методи. Теоретичний аналіз та узагальнення та аналіз документальних матеріалів. Результати. Варіативний модуль “Дитяча легка атлетика” містить в собі такі елесенти: Очікувані результати навчання (описують знання та навички, якими повинні володіти учні у процесі фізичної культури); Пропонований зміст навчального предмета (базується на основних вправах що вивчаються на уроках); Види навчальної діяльності учнів (містить основні методи навчальної діяльності, які повинен застосовувати вчитель на уроках фізичної культури). Висновки. Підводячи підсумок можна сказати, що аналізуючи навчальну програму 5-6 класів варіативний модуль “Дитяча легка атлетика” урізноманітнюється багаж засобів вивчення базових елементів легкої ат-летики, у поєднанні з іграми, квестами та вікторинами, що будуть спонукати активно залучатися до процесу фізичної культури. Оцінювання тепер базується не лише на оцінці але й за графою “Ха-рактеристика результатів навчання” базуючись на спостереженні у процесі фізичної культури на протязі року.
МОДЕЛЬ ФОРМУВАННЯ ДИДАКТИЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТІ 014 СЕРЕДНЯ ОСВІТА (ФІЗИЧНА КУЛЬТУРА)
Authors: Ткачівська Інна
Published: February 2024

Мета. Розробити та обгрунтувати модель формування дидактичної компетентності студен-тів спеціальності 014 Середня освіта (фізична культура). Методи. Аналіз даних науково-методичноїлітератури й інформаційних ресурсів мережі Інтернет, контент-аналіз теоретичних і методичнихробіт, опитування, спостереження, моделювання та метод узагальнення і висновків. Розроблена модельдидактичної компетентності майбутнього вчителя фізичної культури складається з мотиваційно-інформаційного, пізнавально-змістового та технологічного компонентів. Мотиваційно-інформаційнийкомпонент спрямовувався на формування в студентів стійкої мотивації до ґрунтовного вивченняпедагогічної дидактики як чинника реалізація набутих у ЗВО професійно орієнтованих знань й умінь упедагогічній діяльності майбутнього учителя фізичної культури. Пізнавально-змістовий компонентспрямовується на формування повноти теоретичних знань та особливостей практичного застосуваннярізних форм роботи: моделювання, презентації, “мозковий штурм”, відверті розмови, симпозіуми, дис-пути, захисти розроблених студентами дидактичних моделей. Технологічний компонент передбачавознайомлення студентів з різними методами й особливостями розвивального навчання. Розробленамодель дидактичної компетентності з її змістовим наповненням реалізується під час викладаннянавчальної дисципліни “Педагогіка фізичної культури з основами дидактики”. Досліджено, що фор-мування дидактичної діяльності студентів спеціальності 014 Середня освіта (Фізична культура)можливе за умови реалізації структурних змістових компонентів на засадах міжпредметної інтеграціїз професійно-зорієнтованими дисциплінами та широким використанням інноваційних методів навчання.
СТАН ТА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНЕ ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ СПОРТИВНИХ МАЙДАНЧИКІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ОСВІТИ СУМСЬКОЇ МІСЬКОЇ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНОЇ ГРОМАДИ
Authors: Томенко Олександр , Матросов Сергій , Москаленко Тимур
Published: February 2024

Мета – визначити стан та функціональне призначення відкритих спортивних майданчиківзакладів освіти Сумської міської територіальної громади. Матеріал і методи: аналіз та узагальненнянауково-методичної літератури, методика оцінювання параметрів функціонального призначення відкритих спортивних майданчиків. Обстеженню з червня по вересень 2022 року, підлягало 19 відкритих спортивних майданчиків. Результати. В результаті дослідження найвищу оцінку (7,88 бали) отрималагрупа характеристик функціонального призначення спортивних майданчиків “доступність/безпека”,найнижчими виявилися оцінки такої групи характеристик як “благоустрій/комфорт” – 5,27 бала. Набільшості спортивних майданчиків передбачено від 3 до 4 функціональних зон для певного різновидурухової активності. На багатьох функціональних зонах майданчиків недостатньо відповідного спортив-ного інвентарю.
La importancia del diagnóstico genético preimplantancional a la luz de los Derechos Humanos
Authors: Notrica Federico Pablo
Published: February 2024

El diagnóstico genético preimplantancional es una técnica de reproducción humana asistida que se lleva a cabo para seleccionar embriones sanos, libres de enfermedades genéticas. Este tipo de técnica pone en resalto distintos dilemas ético-jurídicos relacionados a la naturaleza jurídica del embrión no implantado y a distintos derechos humanos en juego. Asimismo, se habla del DGP extensivo, mediante el cual se selecciona un embrión compatible con un niño ya nacido quien padece una enfermedad, con el fin de que se lleve a cabo un posible trasplante. Se observan las posiciones en el derecho comparado, la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos y la argentina, teniendo en especial consideración lo establecido por la ley de cobertura de TRHA.Abstract:The Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is a procedure used for identifying genetic defects within embryos created through assisted reproductive technology. This technique involves different ethical-legal dilemmas related to the legal nature of the non-implanted embryo as well as other human rights issues. In addition, this article discusses extensive PGD, which selects an embryo compatible with a child who is already born and has a disease to carry out a possible transplant. Moreover, it reflects on the positions regarding PGD in comparative law and in the European Court of Human Rights and the Argentine jurisprudence, taking into consideration local norms related to ART coverage.
M'Bala M'Bala c. Francia: la singularidad del negacionismo en Europa
Authors: Galdámez Morales Ana
Published: February 2024

EspañolLa proliferación de un discurso discriminatorio dirigido, en los últimos años, a determinados colectivos y grupos sociales -"hate speech"- nos lleva al debate sobre la libertad de expresión y sus restricciones legítimas en democracia. Partiendo de las diferencias culturales y jurídicas entre Europa y Estados Unidos, nos detenemos en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, a través de la sentencia M'Bala M'Bala c. Francia.EnglishThe proliferation of discriminatory messages towards certain groups -hate speech- It makes us consider the scope of freedom of expression and its legitimate restrictions in a democracy. Starting from cultural and legal differences between Europe and United States, we focus on the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, with the judgment M'Bala M'Bala vs. France.
La ignorancia deliberada en el Derecho penal español
Authors: Bel González Elena
Published: February 2024

La aparición de la ignorancia deliberada en el ordenamiento jurídico-penal español supone un enorme cambio en el sistema de imputación subjetiva al permitir castigar como dolosas actuaciones en las que el sujeto no conocía los elementos del tipo pero podía y debía conocerlos. Esta nueva figura conlleva la equiparación del conocimiento efectivo de los elementos del tipo con el deber de conocerlos, convirtiendo la constatación del dolo cognitivo en un juicio de atribución y normativizando por completo el concepto de dolo.
Análisis del voto a Coalición Canaria: ¿nacionalismo, insularismo o clientelismo?
Authors: Corujo Hernández Ayoze
Published: February 2024

Este artículo se centrará en el perfil del votante del principal partido nacionalista de las Islas Canarias, Coalición Canaria, indagando sobre los principales condicionantes que pueden estar detrás del voto a esta formación. Para llevarlo a cabo, se intentará contestar a las siguientes peguntas: ¿Es Coalición Canaria un partido nacionalista? ¿Las variables comunes que se han utilizado para explicar el voto a partidos nacionalistas se sostienen en el caso de Coalición Canaria? o ¿el voto a Coalición Canaria se explica por las conexiones entre el partido y el asociacionismo rural? El marco teórico permitirá advertir las lógicas del comportamiento electoral a partidos nacionalistas con el objetivo de formular hipótesis sobre el electorado nacionalista canario. De forma paralela, planteamos una serie de hipótesis alternativas o de control que ayuden a añadir más evidencias a la investigación ¿Qué efecto desempeña la identificación a la isla en el voto a Coalición Canaria? Estas preguntas nos acercarán a dos realidades poco estudiadas en la Ciencia Política española: analizar al principal partido nacionalista en las Islas Canarias y, de forma más innovadora, aproximarnos al efecto que ejerce el fenómeno insular en el voto a Coalición Canaria.
Bonding Strength of Individual Fibres
Authors:   THE MEAD CORPORATION, CHILLICOTHE, OHIO, U.S.A., McIntosh D. C. , Leopold B. ,   THE MEAD CORPORATION, CHILLICOTHE, OHIO, U .S.A .
Published: February 2024

Microscopic examination of the nature of paper failure, when tensile stresses are imposed upon the sheet, has shown that two important factors governing paper strength are the strength of individual fibres and the strength of bonding between fibres . A satisfactory method of determining individual fibre tensile strength has been published by this laboratory.(1) Using this method, the changes in strength of individual fibres of Loblolly pine springwood and summerwood holocellulose were followed during extraction with alkali of increasing concentration . The results of this work are reproduced in part in Table 1.
Some Experimental Observations with a Bearing on the Paper ‘A New Theory of the Shrinkage, Structure and Properties of Paper’
Authors:   PULP AND PAPER RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CANADA, MONTREAL, Buchanan J. G. , Washburn O. V. ,   PULP AND PAPER RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CANADA, MONTREAL
Published: February 2024

At the suggestion of Page and Tydeman, we have examined the structure of freely dried handsheets, using the scanning electron microscope. This was done because of the unique advantages of this instrument for this type of examination and in the hope that an independent test of their theory could be made. In the present work, unbleached kraft pulp was beaten to 450 CSF and 60 g/m2 handsheets were formed in a British sheet machine under, standard conditions. The sheets were pressed at 50 lb/in2 between plates and blotters. After pressing, one sheet was dried on its plate with the usual restraining ring in place. A second sheet was peeled from the plate, floated on mercury so that it was free to shrink and air dried at room temperature. The surfaces of these two sheets were then examined in the scanning electron microscope, using the technique described elsewhere at this symposium (pp. 101-108). The method of examination was to choose several fields at random and take low magnification pictures of these. In each of these low magnification fields, several right angle fibre crossings were selected and photographed at higher magnification. These were then used to estimate the extent of compression in fibres over bonded areas. Visual examination of the pictures gave the following results. Three independent observers agreed that 12 out of 16 fibre crossings in the freely dried handsheet exhibited microcompressions compared with only 3 out of 12 in the plate-dried handsheet. In addition, the severity of the compressions was obviously greater in the former. For both handsheets, doubtful cases were listed as having no compressions. In this short note, it is impossible to illustrate completely the extent and variety of the microcompressions observed. Only eight pictures of the freely dried handsheet have been chosen to illustrate some of the results (Fig. 1-8).
Optical Properties of Paper
Authors:   PRINTING, PACKAGING & ALLIED TRADES RESEARCH ASSOCIATION, LEATHERHEAD, Harrison V. G. W.
Published: February 2024

Optical properties of paper are those that govern its visual appearance-mainly, colour, opacity and gloss. These depend on the fact that paper consists of a network of doubly refractive transparent fibres immersed in air as medium and, in some cases, the optical properties can be expressed in terms of the absorption and scattering coefficients of the fibres and loading materials. Opacity is the property most thoroughly understood and there is a British Standard for its measurement. The colorimetry of near-white papers still gives rise to difficulties, particularly with those containing optical bleaches and recent work on the assessment of sheets containing appreciable amounts of fluorescent materials is reviewed. The measurement of gloss is the most difficult to perform and our knowledge here is still far from complete. Little-known research on gloss done during the past fifteen years at PATRA and by a group of Japanese workers is summarised.
The Interdependence of Paper Properties
Authors:   RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION, THE E. B. EDDY COMPANY, HULL, P.Q., CANADA, Gallay W.
Published: February 2024

The difficulties involved in interrelating paper properties are examined. Qualitative relationships through trends and experience are noted and the special case of quantitative interrelationship among burst, tensile and stretch is described. More basic considerations such as fibre length, fibre strength, sheet density, fibre orientation and interfibre bonding are individually related to common strength properties and special consideration is given to tearing strength . These more basic considerations are themselves interrelated and an attempt is made at a unification of paper properties through such basic interrelationships. It is suggested that fibre strength, in a broad sense, is of particular importance in such unification.
The Path of Penetration of Pulping Media into Wood
Authors:   DIVISION OF FOREST PRODUCTS, COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, Wardrop A. B.
Published: February 2024

In Giertz’ paper, it has been pointed out that the papermaking properties of fibres depend in part on the pulping processes used in their production. The purpose of this contribution is to outline some recent investigations on how morphological factors, especially those that affect the path of penetration of the pulping medium into wood, are of influence on the composition and structure of the fibres ultimately used in sheet formation. The composition of the fibres is especially influenced by the manner of their separation during the pulping process . As background to this discussion, it will be recalled that the basic organisation of a typical fibre or tracheid is as shown in Fig. 1 . The layers corresponding to those in Fig. 1 can be seen in the electron micrographs Fig. 2 and 3. Furthermore, as shown by Lange,(1) most of the lignin of the cell wall is concentrated in the region external to the layer S2 and, for Eucalyptus regnans and Pinus radiata (the species here under discussion), similar values were obtained by Wardrop, Dadswell and Davies.(2) It was shown further in this investigation that the lignin concentration in the middle lamella is greatest at the cell corners and somewhat greater between radial walls than that between tangential walls.
The Beating Process: Primary Effects and Their Influence on Pulp and Paper Properties
Authors:   DIVISION OF FOREST PRODUCTS, COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, Higgins H. G. , de Yong J. ,   DIVISION OF FOREST PRODUCTS, COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA
Published: February 2024

Developments in research on the beating process since the Cambridge symposium are reviewed with respect to changes in the individual fibres and the manner in which these primary effects influence pulp and paper properties. The following are regarded as primary effects breaking of intrafibre bonds, external fibrillation and foliation, formation of fines and fibre shortening. The breaking of intrafibre bonds can take place at various dimensional levels, but can be referred to changes in the hydrogen bond structure. Properties discussed include specific volume, specific surface, flexibility, flow resistance, drainage resistance, wet web strength, drying tensions, bonded area, density, tenacity, extensibility, Young’s modulus, rupture energy, creep, tear factor and folding endurance. Experiments on the influence of beating on the flow resistance and drainage resistance are described in some detail.
Effect of Forming Processes on Sheet Structure
Authors:   AUSTRALIAN PAPER MANUFACTURERS LTD., MELBOURNE, Majewski Z. J.
Published: February 2024

Sheet structure can be fully described in terms of(i) the distribution of fine material, (ii) the degree of fibre orientation and (iii) the degree of fibre flocculation throughout the sheet thickness. The physical characteristics of common forming processes are discussed-those of the Technical Section sheetmachine, the Fourdrinier machine, uniflow and contraflow vats . The major characteristics of these processes are relative movement between stock and wire, drainage forces, stock concentration, recirculation of fines, manner of metering stock in relation to area of the formed sheet, conditions under which the forming process ends. The effects of these physical process characteristics on the structure of the sheet are discussed and available evidence is presented. It is concluded that all common forming processes can be described by means of component unit processes, which are orienting, continuous draining, intermittent draining, fractionating, emerging and flocculating. The manner in which these unit processes affect the sheet structure is described. Internal sheet structures typical of the common forming processes are presented schematically.
Summing Up
Authors:   STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, COLLEGE OF FORESTRY, SYRACUSE, NEW YORK, U.S.A., Rånby B. G.
Published: February 2024

It is a privilege and an honour for me to have been asked by the organising committee to give the concluding summary to this symposium. Although I have been working on cellulose and cellulosic fibres off and on since graduate school, until now, I have not published a single paper in the field of paper structure and properties. This symposium has been a most informative and enlightening part of my education as a scientist. Because of my assignment, I have tried to understand and, if possible, assimilate the various contributions to the symposium. Needless to say, this has been a strenuous task. The hydrodynamic discussions have been difficult for me to follow. I have had to annoy both chairmen and speakers by asking questions in my attempts to get a more complete picture of the subject matters discussed: I am grateful for the answers. My situation has often reminded me of a story from the University of Uppsala, my Alma Mater. One of the physics professors was known to have an unusually detailed and comprehensive knowledge of both classical and modern physics. One of his colleagues asked him, out of curiosity, `How did you acquire all this fabulous knowledge? You are, after all, a highly specialised physicist in atomic spectra.’ ‘Well, you see, I have to take many oral examinations. By a systematic questioning of the students, then comparing the answers from the bright ones, I have learned a lot in all branches of physics, without reading all the books,’ was his reply. This is in fact what I have done here.
The impact of psychiatric comorbidities associated with depression: a literature review
Authors: Platona Rita Ioana , Căiță Georgiana Albina , Voiță-Mekeres Florica , Peia Alexandra Oana , Enătescu Radu Virgil
Published: February 2024

The comorbidity with anxiety disorders has profound adverse implications on the evolution, prognosis and therapeutic responsiveness of depression, it will prolong the time required to achieve remission of the depressive episode, and patients under treatment will tend to drop out of their therapeutic regimens faster than those with depression but without anxious comorbidity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the importance of the clinical, etiopathogenetic, prognostic and especially therapeutic connotations given by the presence of psychiatric comorbidities in depression. Articles evaluating the presence of psychiatric comorbidities in depression were analyzed using PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Google Academics and WoS databases. To select the articles, we used keywords: psychiatric comorbidity, depression with anxiety disorders, depression with dysthymia, depression with psychoactive substances, depression with personality disorders. From a psychiatric perspective, the comorbidity of mental disorders can be divided into psychiatric comorbidity, when two or more distinct psychiatric conditions are present in the same individual, and medical comorbidity, when a medical-surgical illness is associated with a mental disorder. The presence of major depression is in itself a predictive factor for a later onset of generalized anxiety disorder. The comorbidity of depression in those with substance abuse or addiction has profound implications on their clinical prognosis. The association of personality disorder has a significant impact on the suicidal behavior of patients with major depression.
Energy structure perspective as an innovative approach to basic study of different analysis of complex robotic systems
Authors: Shahsavari Saeed , Torkaman Parya , Torkaman Pooya
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the idea of using the energy structure perspective for application in the study of complex robotic systems is presented and expanded. The perspective of energy structure can provide a powerful solution for analyzing robotic systems. In fact, among the special capabilities of this approach, it can apply the energy conservation principle simultaneously by considering the effects of related energy wastes during system operation, the possibility of considering movement restrictions in the equation of the energy structure and applying it in the equation explained the movement of the system simultaneously with the first and second laws of thermodynamics, the calculation of the dynamic energy of the system using its movement restrictions, as well as how to apply energy directly, etc. Based on this, the perspective of energy structure can be helpful in studies related to robotic systems, especially systems with specific complexities and different behavioral and movement aspects. This paper develops the fundamental aspects of this issue.
Production optimization in the automotive industry using check sheet to reduce unscheduled downtime
Authors: Aparecida Candido Almeida Amanda , dos Santos Oliveira Amanda , Nunes de Souza Junior Clélio , de Carvalho Pereira Edgard , Nunes Viana Rafael , Parreiras Gallegos Raphael Augusto
Published: February 2024

The study was developed in an automotive industry, due to the increase in unscheduled stops in the cylinder head production line and the lack of information and records. Therefore, the verification sheet was applied as a methodology, as it is a quality tool that aims to evaluate the production inefficiency index, in order to guarantee improvements in the indicators. With the help of indicators and in order to increase productivity and reduce costs and waste, the analysis of stops in the production process was divided into four sectors, namely maintenance activities, tooling problems, preparation and the production process itself. After this analysis, it was necessary to quantify the hours lost over the three months. Therefore, after the study, improvement was achieved in filling out the verification sheet, records and complete and correct information, trained employees in addition to a significant reduction in downtime and a significant increase in production.
Preliminary investigation of phytoplankton composition of Ibeno River, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria
Authors: EM Denise , DS Ekpenyong , EA Bassey , SO Akoma
Published: February 2024

Ibeno estuary is a mangrove belt which occupies a larger part of the Atlantic waistline of more than 129km and this study was carried out in a period of 4months to identify the phytoplankton (which are the bases of the aquatic food web) community. The phytoplankton were sampled using Standard methods. The study showed 52 species of phytoplankton belonging to 4 division. The result obtained followed regular pattern as reported for water bodies and falls within acceptable data of highly productive.
Selective sorption of heavy metals and radionuclides by natural and modified layered silicates
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kornilovych Borys , Kovalchuk Iryna ,   Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of National Academy of Science of Ukraine
Published: February 2024

Traditionally, natural layered silicates – clay minerals – are widely used in various environmental protection technologies. However, they have significant drawbacks, the most important of which is insufficient sorption capacity, especially for anionic forms of pollutants. To increase the effectiveness of layered silicates, various methods of surface modification using surfactants, intercalation of complex cations in the interlayer space of minerals of the smectite group, application of nanoparticles of active metals to the surface, etc. are carried out. The use of these methods makes it possible to significantly increase the sorption properties of modified dispersed minerals, as well as to significantly expand the scope of their possible application in environmental protection technologies. The monograph is devoted to the development based on the evolution of physical-chemical ideas about the mechanism of sorption processes of the system approach to purposeful regulation of sorption properties of layered silicates at their modification for removal of heavy metal compounds and radionuclides. Highly selective sorption materials based on layered silicates were obtained. This was achieved through detailed physicochemical substantiation of the structure of active sorption centers on the surface of layered silicates with analysis of the porous structure of the obtained sorbents and determination of the mechanism of sorption processes for heavy metals and radionuclides. It has been shown that surface modification of layered silicates using cationic surfactants allows effective sorption of toxicants in their anionic forms (compounds of chromium and uranium) on the surface. The obtained pillared minerals have significantly increased selectivity. The developed composite sorbents based on nano-sized particles of zero-valent iron and dispersed minerals are highly reactive materials to heavy metals and radionuclides in both cationic and anionic forms. Successful purposeful regulation of the surface properties of layered silicates made it possible to expand the scope of application of new sorption materials for the treatment of surface, underground, and wastewater of various types, contaminated with compounds of heavy metals and radionuclides. The monograph presents the results of the practical use of zero-valent iron to remove uranium compounds from contaminated groundwater. Its effectiveness as reactive treatment media in permeable reactive barriers built near the uranium ore processing tailings in Zhovti Vody city has been proven.The monograph is intended for specialists in the field of physical, colloidal chemistry, radiochemistry, and ecology, and will also be useful for lecturers and students of universities specializing in chemical and environmental departments.
Molecularly doped polythiophene film as an efficient photocathode for oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Shinohara Hiromi , Nishide Hiroyuki
Published: February 2024

The molecularly doped poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was used for the first time as a photocathode for reducing oxygen to H2O2. For this purpose, a P3HT film was doped with hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile, which increased the oxygen reduction current at an applied negative potential in the dark. Visible light illumination of the doped P3HT film significantly facilitated the oxygen reduction with a high current density and shifted the onset potential beyond the reaction equilibrium potential. The oxygen reduction performance of the doped P3HT film is discussed in relation to the energy level diagram.

Graphical abstract
The effectiveness of the elimination diet in improving quality of life indicators in the childbearing age women with symptomatic adenomyosis
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Lonshakova M.S. ,   Clinic of reproductive technologies Ukrainian State Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the Shupyk National Medical University of Healthcare of Ukraine, Kyiv, Suslikova L.V. ,   Shupyk National University of Healthcare of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Kyiv City Center of Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, Ukraine, Serbenyuk A.V. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Kyiv City Center of Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, Ukraine
Published: February 2024

The prevalence and growth in the number of cases of symptomatic adenomyosis is largely correlated with the rate of growth in the level of metabolic pathology in the population, in particular, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. Purpose - to investigate the impact of the results of the elimination diet on the indicators of the quality of life of women with symptomatic adenomyosis. Materials and methods. A study and comparison of quality of life indicators (SF-36 questionnaire) was conducted in 120 women with symptomatic adenomyosis, which were divided into 4 groups: the Group I (n=30) was prescribed dienogest treatment, in the other three groups there were 30 women each, who were recommended to exclude from the diet products of deep industrial processing and dairy products (the Group II) or gluten-containing products (the Group III) or both dairy and gluten-containing products (the Group IV). The comparison group consisted of 30 healthy women (without adenomyosis). Statistical data processing was carried out using the SPSS 21 program. Results. Comparison of quality of life indicators of women without adenomyosis and patients with adenomyosis has shown significant differences in the average values of all components comprising the concept of “quality of life” according to the SF-36 protocol (p<0.05). Compared with women of the Group I, patients of the Groups II and IV had significantly higher total components of physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) health (p<0.05), and women of the Group III had a significantly higher PCS index (p=0.005), but not MCS. Conclusions. An elimination diet considering the identified type of food intolerance improves quality of life of childbearing age women with symptomatic adenomyosis. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.