bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Erector Spinae Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Modified Radical Mastectomy
Authors: Kabir Md Humayun , Mahabubuzzaman Mohammad , Bhowmick Lipon Kanti , Islam Md Saiful , Amin Md Ruhul , Rahim Md Abdur
Published: August 2022

Postoperative pain control in breast cancer surgery has become one of the most important goals for anesthesiologists. Several techniques have been trialed for providing postoperative analgesia after breast surgery. This randomized control study was designed to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane (US-guided ESP) block for modified radical mastectomy surgery. To evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of pectoral nerves block and erector spinae plane block for modified radical mastectomy surgery. This prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Palliative & Intensive Care Medicine in Dhaka Medical College and Hospital. A total 46 patients who were to undergo modified radical mastectomy, fulfilling selection criteria were included in the study following confirmation of the informed written consent and randomly divided into two groups- where each group include 23 Patients. Group A received ultrasound guided ESP and group B received ultrasound guided PECS block. All patients of both groups received GA after confirmation of block. All relevant information including demographic criteria, medical history, clinical evaluation during and after performance of block were collected. All patients were observed peri-operatively and data were recorded into the preformed questionnaires form. Finally, data was analyzed by SPSS version 22.0. Mean age of study population was 52.07±7.08 years with majority in age group 50-59 years. No significant difference was noted between patient’s characteristics, duration of surgery and heart rate and mean arterial pressure of patient during and after operation between two groups (p>0.05). The mean VAS score was significantly low in ESP block as compared to the PECS block at all-time interval (p<0.05) except at 12 hours. Patients with ESP block had significantly late demand of 1st analgesic (12.13±2.45 hours vs 8.89±3.35 hours) (p<0.05) and significantly less total opioid consumption (5.17±0.57 mg vs 10.18±1.82 mg) (p<0.05) compared to patients with PECS block. Post-operative complication was noted significantly higher among patients with PECS block compared to ESP block. These findings from our study depict ESP block performed in patients scheduled for MRM (modified radical mastectomy) results in better pain control and less postoperative opioid consumption in the first 24 hours than PECS block.

CBMJ 2022 July: vol. 11 no. 02 P: 86-95
Association between previous abortion history and risk of autism spectrum disorders among offspring: a meta-analysis
Authors: Jenabi Ensiyeh , Ayubi Erfan , Bashirian Saeid , Seyedi Mahdieh , Rezaei Mohammad
Published: August 2022

Background: Previous studies have been showed an association between previous abortion history and risk of Autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, there is still controversy about true effect estimate of the association.Purpose: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between previous abortion history and the risk of ASD.Methods: A systematic search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases to identify potential studies published until December 2021. The presence of statistical heterogeneity was determined using the I2 value. In the case of substantial heterogeneity, the random-effects model meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled relative risks. The publication bias was assessed using the Egger and Begg tests.Results: Thirteen studies with a total of 331,779 children remained in the present meta-analysis. The estimated odds ratio of the risk of ASD associated with previous abortion history was 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–2.0; I2=61.7%) in adjusted studies and 1.10 (95% CI, 1.01–1.20; I2=0.0%) in crude studies, based on the random effect model. There was moderate heterogeneity in adjusted studies. The p values for Egger and Begg regression among children with ASD were 0.393 and 0.056, respectively.Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that children born from mothers with a history of previous abortion have an increased risk of development of ASD compared to children of mothers without a history of previous abortion.
Erythrocyte membranes inhibit respiratory burst and protein nitration during phagocytosis by macrophages.
Authors: Wilhelm J , Skoumalová A , Vytášek R , Fišárková B , Hitka P , Vajner L
Published: August 2022

Phagocytosis is associated with respiratory burst producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Several studies imply that erythrocytes can inhibit the respiratory burst during erythrophagocytosis. In this work we studied the mechanisms of this effect using control and in vitro peroxidized erythrocyte membranes. We demonstrated that autofluorescence of peroxidation products can be used for visualization of phagocytozed membranes by fluorescence microscopy. We also found that respiratory burst induced by a phorbol ester was inhibited by control membranes (5 mg/ml) to 63 % (P < 0.001), and to 40 % by peroxidized membranes (P < 0.001). We proved that this effect is not caused by the direct interaction of membranes with free radicals or by the interference with luminol chemiluminescence used for the detection of respiratory burst. There are indications of the inhibitory effects of iron ions and free radical products. Macrophages containing ingested erythrocyte membranes do not contain protein-bound nitrotyrosine. These observations imply a specific mechanism of erythrocyte phagocytosis.
Second derivative of the finger arterial pressure waveform: an insight into dynamics of the peripheral arterial pressure pulse.
Authors: Šimek J , Wichterle D , Melenovský V , Malík J , Svačina Š , Widimský J
Published: August 2022

The study investigated second derivative of the finger arterial pressure waveform (SDFAP) in 120 healthy middle-aged subjects and in 24 subjects with essential hypertension. SDFAP consists of 5 sequential waves 'a'-'e'. Their normalized magnitudes (B/A, C/A, D/A, and E/A) were calculated. In multivariate regression analysis, B/A and C/A correlated only with age. D/A independently correlated with age, heart period, mean blood pressure (MBP), body height, and gender. E/A independently correlated with age and MBP. D/A and E/A were higher (0.42+/-0.16 vs. 0.33+/-0.14, p = 0.05 and 0.63+/-0.15 vs. 0.45+/-0.14, p < 0.001), while B/A and C/A were lower (1.04+/-0.16 vs. 1.20+/-0.17, p = 0.002 and 0.09+/-0.15 vs. 0.26+/-0.20, p = 0.001) in hypertensives compared to sex- and age-matched controls. After the adjustment for MBP, heart period, and body mass index (ANCOVA), independent discriminative power was preserved only for indices B/A and C/A (p = 0.001 and 0.021, respectively). Therefore, B/A and C/A provide additional information about simple clinical characteristics and might reflect the structural alteration of the arterial wall in hypertensive subjects.
Kecerdasan Berideologi Calon Guru Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar Melalui Pendidikan Pancasila
Authors: Hidayah Yayuk , Trihastuti Meiwatizah , Dewie Dinie Anggraeni
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this article is to find out about Pancasila Education in strengthening the ideological intelligence of prospective elementary school education teachers. This research is based on the theory of intelligence proposed by Howard Gardner. The research method used in this research is descriptive method type of case studies, data collection is done through interviews, observation of documentation studies and literature studies. Data analysis using Miles and Huberman and data validity using triangulation. The results showed that the Pancasila course strengthened the ideological intelligence of prospective elementary school teachers through three events, namely: 1) Pancasila education provides symbolic intelligence regarding the basic state of Pancasila, 2) Pancasila education becomes a form of ideological habituation for prospective elementary school education teachers and 3) Pancasila education becomes a support system in the ideological intelligence of elementary school teacher candidates.

Keywords: Pancasila Education, Elementary School Education Teacher
Eksistensi Madrasah di Era Kontemporer Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Sari Yunita , Zaini Muhammad , Laili Nur
Published: August 2022

This study intends to review the existence of madrasas in the contemporary era with the perspective of Islamic education. As an institution that has long developed in Indonesia, madrassas have succeeded in developing moral and religious values. In addition, madrasas also help instill a sense of nationality in the soul of the Indonesian people and participate in educating the nation. The existence of Madrasas as Islamic educational institutions is now placed as school education in the National Education System. The emergence of a three ministerial decree (Minister of Religion, Minister of Education and Culture, and Minister of Home Affairs) indicates that the existence of madrasas is strong enough along with public schools. In addition, the issuance of the three ministerial decree is also considered a positive step for improving the quality of madrasah in terms of status, diploma value and curriculum. The purpose of this research is to add and deepen insights about the existence of madrasas that are constantly developing and the factors that influence the existence of madrasas. The benefit of this research is as an effort to develop knowledge, abilities and skills. This type of research is a qualitative library (library research). This research uses qualitative methods with qualitative descriptive methods. The primary sources in this study are books on Islamic religious education and journals of madrasah urgency in the contemporary era. The result of this research is that currently madrasas have an equal position with general schools in the fields of graduates, diplomas, curriculum and job search. Madrassas are one of the educational institutions characterized by Islam that already exist in Indonesian society.

Keywords: Islamic Education, Developing Moral and Religious Study
Konsep Pendididkan Pemikiran Ki Ageng Suryomentaram dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pengembangan Agama
Authors: Yasin Ahmad , Suroya Lu‟luk
Published: August 2022

This research aims to describe and analyze Ki Ageng Suryomentaram's thoughts regarding the concept of educators in the Kawruh Pamomong manuscript and its relevance to Islamic education. This research is a qualitative research with the type of library research (Library Research). In the process of collecting data using literary documentation method. The data analysis methods used in this study include data interpretation, descriptive analysis, synthesis analysis, and verification. The results of this study, namely, the concept of educators according to Ki Ageng Suryomentaram is that educators must have exemplary traits such as personal madeg pribadi (independent thinking), wasis (clever), kendel (brave), sregep (diligent), sugih (rich), sih (love), sepen ing pamrih (sincere), telaten (patient), Because indirectly students will imitate or imitate an educator. But in this case the author sees the concept of Ki Ageng Suryomentaram which is prioritized and the most basic is raos sih (love) that must be possessed by educators and instill it in students, so that a sense of happiness arises in seeking knowledge and obtaining beja (happiness) in his life. After being studied in depth, the concept of educators according to Ki Ageng SuryoMentaram does not contradict the al-Qur'an and al-Hadith.

Keywords: Ki Ageng Suryo Mentaram Thought, The Development Islamic Education
Ideal Teacher in the View of Az-Zarnuji and Al-Ghozali
Authors: Mahendra Benny Putra
Published: August 2022

This paper was conducted by examining the books of Ta'limul Muta'aliim and Ihya 'Ulumuddin. The researcher discusses the ideal teacher according to Az-zarnuji and Al- Ghozali. Both were chosen because they have traditional educational thoughts but are still feasible to be applied today. The main purpose of this study is to determine the ideal teacher in view of both, determine the ideal teacher standard in modern learning and criticize the teacher's condition when teaching. The initial stage of this research collected library data and literature texts related to education, especially the ideal teacher according to Az-Zarnuji and Al-Ghozali. The second stage examines the Teacher in both views and examines the historiography of the writing of the two books. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. This method is used to present the ideal teacher in the views of Az- Zarnuji and Al-Ghozali and to criticize the teacher's condition when teaching. Specific targets in this study are 1) Ideal Teacher according to Az-Zarnuji and Al-Ghozali by studying the books of Ihya 'Ulumuddin and Ta'liimul Muta'alim. 2) Identifying the factors that influence their thinking in education 3) Identifying criticisms and providing solutions related to teacher conditions when teaching. The findings include low teacher competence, Al-Ghazali and Az-Zarnuji's thinking is influenced by Sufism and Worship, The criticism that appears is that teachers do not understand the role of educators, Teaching Motivation is influenced by internal and external factors in the teacher's personality.

Keywords: Az-Zarnuji, Al-Ghozalli, Ideal Teacher, Ta’limul Muta’aliim dan Ihya’ Ulumuddin.
Pembelajaran PAI di SMA: (Tujuan, Materi, Metode, dan Evaluasi)
Authors: Handayani Fitri , Ruswandi Uus , Arifin Bambang Samsul
Published: August 2022

Islamic Religious Education is a conscious effort to guide students' personal orders in a systematic and pragmatic manner, volunteers live according to Islamic teachings, so as to realize the happiness of the hereafter PAI learning must be prepared by educators first, starting from planning to formulate goals, materials and methods to learning evaluation. This article aims to examine Islamic Education learning at SMA Al-Islam Bandung in terms of objectives, materials, methods, and evaluation. The method used in this study uses descriptive qualitative methods so that it can freely understand, analyze and describe the research data accurately. The results showed that the goal of learning Islamic Education at AL-Islam Senior High School is to be able to achieve core competencies and basic competencies in accordance with the material provided in improving intelligence, knowledge, personality, noble morals, and skills as a manifestation of achieving world happiness and the afterlife. includes PAI learning materials and the addition of BTQ and worship practices using the XXI century learning method through a scientific approach and using evaluation according to the provisions of the 2013 curriculum.

Kata Kunci: Islamic Education, Learning Islamic Education, Learning Classroom
Peran Guru dalam Menumbuhkan Kemampuan Literasi Siswa Kelas V di MIN 2 Baubau
Authors: Nudin Nudin
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Untuk mengetahui peran guru dalam menumbuhkan kemampuan literasi siswa kelas V dalam perencanaan pembelajaran di MIN 2 Baubau (2) Untuk mengetahui peran guru dalam menumbuhkan kemampuan literasi   siswa kelas V dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran di MIN 2 Baubau (3) Untuk mengetahui faktor penghambat dan pendukung dalam menumbuhkan kemampuan literasi siswa kelas V di MIN 2 Baubau. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, serta guru kelas V MIN 2 Baubau. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan analisis RPP, observasi dan wawancara. Hasil simpulan dari observasi dan wawancara menunjukkan bahwa guru sudah menunjukkan perannya sebagai teladan, motivator, fasilitator dan kreator dalam menumbuhkan kemampuan literasi dasar siswa kelas V MIN 2 Baubau. Hambatan yang dialami oleh pihak sekolah dalam menumbuhkan kemampuan literasi dasar siswa adalah masih rendahnya minat siswa akan menumbuhkan budaya literasi. Adapun yang menjadi faktor pendukung dalam menumbuhkan kemampuan literasi siswa MIN 2 Baubau adalah adanya dukungan penuh dari pemerintah terhadap pelaksanaan Gerakan literasi sekolah.
Implementasi Pendidikan Agama Islam Pada Siswa SMP Kelas IX di Sekolah Alam Nurul Azkiah Baubau
Authors: Nudin Nudin
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis implementasi, kendala, dan solusi dalam penerapan PAI di sekolah alam. Lokasi penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Sekolah Alam  Nurul Azkiah Baubau.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Kualitatif, dengan jenis penelitian lapangan (Field Research). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi metode dan sumber. Teknik analisis data meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwasanya Sekolah Alam  Nurul Azkiah Baubau Proses pembelajaran PAI di Sekolah Alam  Nurul Azkiah Baubau tidak hanya dilakukan di dalam kelas (indoor) namun juga di luar kelas (outdoor), disesuaikan dengan materi yang disampaikan dan media yang akan digunakan. Proses pembelajaran di luar kelas menumbuhkan antusias yang tinggi bagi siswa, hal ini sebagaimana yang disaksikan oleh peneliti. Paling tidak ada beberapa aspek yang peneliti amati dikegiatan pembelajaran PAI di Sekolah Alam  Nurul Azkiah Baubau yaitu aspek fiqih, aqidah, dan akhlak. Aspek fiqih terlihat dalam keadaan wudhu, shalat, dan jual beli, aspek aqidah terlihat dalam beriman kepada Allah, aspek akhlak terlihat dalam keseharian siswa dalam merawat tanaman, berprilaku jujur, menghormati yang lebih tua dan menjaga kebersihan. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari seluruh komponen yang ada saling mendukung.
INITIATING A BALANCED AND STABLE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM
Authors: Rahman Abdurrahman Arum
Published: August 2022

The main problem in our current international monetary system (IMS) is global imbalances and instability. These problems lie at the very core of the current system; there is no rational way to eliminate them without reconstructing the system itself. This paper proposes a new model of IMS that could potentially eliminate those problems permanently. We utilize a 3-dimensional simulation of trade and investment involving 5 countries, 20 products, and a 12-month span or 5x20x12 model to test the workability of the system. The results show that this model could provide international liquidity to all (member) countries in the world sustainably, eliminate global imbalances to the roots, and make the IMS naturally stable. The simulation also shows that the current accounts, balance sheets, and FX reserves of all member countries tend to be self-sufficient. We implant a digital-and-decentralized system in the very core of the system, which works automatically or semi-automatically.
Biochemical indicators of the blood of quails depending on the use of probiotics
Authors: POSTRASh Irina , SKVORTSOVA E. G. , MOSTOFINA Aleksandra
Published: August 2022

The results of the influence of the use of probiotics "Yarosil" and "Kurunga" on the biochemical parameters of the blood of the Texas white quail. The introduction of additives "Yarosil" at a dose of 0.6 and 0.2 ml/kg, as well as the additive "Kurunga" at a dose of 0.1 ml/kg in the main diet of poultry had an ambiguous effect on protein metabolism under the conditions of the experiment. The glucose content in the experimental birds, which received different probiotics and at different doses, also varied. The concentration of glucose was higher for the first, second and third experimental groups, respectively, by 9.2; 12.7; 16.6% compared with the control, but all indicators were at the upper limit of the reference interval. In general, the introduction of the Yarosil additive at a dose of 0.6 and 0.2 ml/kg into the poultry diet, as well as the Kurunga additive at a dose of 0.1 ml/kg, has a positive effect on the metabolic status of the experimental bird. This is reflected in indicators characterizing the normalization of liver function, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism.
Effects of replacing Brachiaria hay with either Desmodium intortum or dairy concentrate on animal performance and enteric methane emissions of low-yielding dairy cows
Authors: Korir Daniel , Eckard Richard , Goopy John , Arndt Claudia , Merbold Lutz , Marquardt Svenja
Published: August 2022

In Africa, cattle are often fed low quality tropical roughages resulting in low-yielding animals with high methane (CH4) emission intensity (EI, g CH4/per unit of product). Supplementation with protein is known to improve the nutritive value of the otherwise low-quality diets. However, animal nutrition studies in East Africa that are accompanied by CH4 emission measurements are lacking. Thus, an animal experiment was conducted to quantify the effect of supplementing cattle fed mainly on low-quality Urochloa brizantha hay (control diet; CON; crude protein (CP) = 7.4%) or supplemented with either a tannin-rich leguminous fodder, Desmodium intortum hay (DES) or a commercial dairy concentrate (CUBES) on voluntary dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient apparent total tract digestibility, nitrogen (N) retention, enteric CH4 production and animal performance (milk and average daily gain). Twelve mid-lactating crossbred (Friesian × Boran) cows (initial liveweight = 335 kg) were used in a 3×3 (Period × Diet) Latin square design with each period running for four weeks. Compared to CON, DES decreased nutrient (DM, OM, CP) intake, apparent total tract digestibility and daily milk yield. In contrast, CUBES increased nutrient intake and animal performance compared to CON, while nutrients’ apparent total tract digestibility was not different, except for CP digestibility that increased. Compared to CON, DES and CUBES improved overall N retention by the animals as a proportion of N intake. The DES diet compared with CON and CUBES, shifted the proportion of N excretion via urine to the fecal route, likely because of its tannin content. Both DES and CUBES, compared to CON, reduced methane yield (MY, g CH4/kg DMI) by 15% and 9%, respectively. The DES diet reduced absolute enteric CH4 emissions by 26% while CUBES increased emissions by 11% compared to CON. Based on the present findings, high supplementation levels (>50%) of Desmodium intortum hay is not recommended especially when the basal diet is low in CP content. Supplementation with lower levels of better managed Desmodium intortum forage however, need to be investigated to establish optimal inclusion levels that will improve animal productivity and reduce environmental impact of livestock in smallholder tropical contexts.
Agri-Nanotechnology and Tree Nanobionics: Augmentation in Crop Yield, Biosafety, and Biomass Accumulation
Authors: Abbas Manzar , Yan Kuan , Li Jia , Zafar Sara , Hasnain Zuhair , Aslam Nazia , Iqbal Naeem , Hussain Syed Sarfaraz , Usman Muhammad , Abbas Mubashir , Tahir Muhammad , Abbas Sammar , Abbas Saqi Kosar , Qiulan Huang , Zhao Xianming , El-Sappah Ahmed H.
Published: August 2022

Nanomaterials (NMs) are the leading edge as an amazing class of materials that consists of at least one dimension in the range of 1–100 nm. NMs can be made with exceptional magnetic, electrical, and catalytic properties different from their bulk counterparts. We summarized unique features of NMs, their synthesis, and advances in agri-nanotechnology and cutting-edge nanobionics. The review describes advances in NMs including their applications, dosimetry to ensure biosafety, remote sensing of agro-forestry fields, nanofertilizers, and nanopesticides, and avoid post-harvest losses, gene delivery, and nanobionics. Tree nanobionics has enabled the synthesis and delivery of nanosensors, which enhance the rate of photosynthesis, detection of pathogens, and poisonous residues to ensure biosafety and biomass accumulation. Finally, we conclude by discussing challenges, future perspectives, and agro-ecological risks of using NMs.
Recent advances in melt electro writing for tissue engineering for 3D printing of microporous scaffolds for tissue engineering
Authors: Loewner Sebastian , Heene Sebastian , Baroth Timo , Heymann Henrik , Cholewa Fabian , Blume Holger , Blume Cornelia
Published: August 2022

Melt electro writing (MEW) is a high-resolution 3D printing technique that combines elements of electro-hydrodynamic fiber attraction and melts extrusion. The ability to precisely deposit micro- to nanometer strands of biocompatible polymers in a layer-by-layer fashion makes MEW a promising scaffold fabrication method for all kinds of tissue engineering applications. This review describes possibilities to optimize multi-parametric MEW processes for precise fiber deposition over multiple layers and prevent printing defects. Printing protocols for nonlinear scaffolds structures, concrete MEW scaffold pore geometries and printable biocompatible materials for MEW are introduced. The review discusses approaches to combining MEW with other fabrication techniques with the purpose to generate advanced scaffolds structures. The outlined MEW printer modifications enable customizable collector shapes or sacrificial materials for non-planar fiber deposition and nozzle adjustments allow redesigned fiber properties for specific applications. Altogether, MEW opens a new chapter of scaffold design by 3D printing.
Brown seaweed hydrolysate as a promising growth substrate for biomass and lipid synthesis of the yeast yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Dobrowolski Adam , Nawijn Willem , Mirończuk Aleksandra M.
Published: August 2022

Biomass of the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus and Saccharina latissima is a promising, renewable feedstock because of the high growth rate, accessibility and content of glucose and mannitol. Saccharification of seaweeds is a simple process due to the lack of lignocellulose in the cell wall. The high content of glucose and mannitol makes these seaweeds an attractive feedstock for lipid production in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. This study demonstrated that hydrolysates of brown algae biomass can be applied as a substrate for synthesis of yeast biomass and lipids without any supplementation. To increase the lipid titer in yeast biomass, we employed an engineered strain of Y. lipolytica overexpressing DGA1/DGA2. In consequence, the C/N ratio has a lower impact on lipid synthesis. Moreover, the applied substrates allowed for high synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA); the level exceeded 90% in the fatty acid pool. Oleic (C18:1) and linoleic acids (C18:2) achieved the highest content. The study showed that Y. lipolytica is able to grow on the seaweed hydrolysate and produces a high content of UFA in the biomass.
Gold-based nanoparticles realize photothermal and photodynamic synergistic treatment of liver cancer and improve the anaerobic tumor microenvironment under near-infrared light
Authors: Li Bei , Fu Yi , Xie Maodi , Feng Lei , Niu Xiaoya , Que Lin , You Zhen
Published: August 2022

In order to solve the different pains caused by traditional cancer treatment methods such as surgical treatment, the nano-drug delivery system provides new ideas for cancer treatment. In this paper, a novel anti-tumor therapy nanoparticle, P(AAm-co-AN)-AuNRs@CeO2-Ce6(PA/Ce6), is prepared, which provides a novel idea for liver cancer treatment. The CeO2-coated gold nanorods were grafted onto the surface of the temperature-sensitive polymer P(AAm-co-AN)-CTPD. The photosensitizer Ce6 is loaded on the surface of the nanoparticles and the polymer layer. CeO2 can effectively alleviate the tumor anaerobic microenvironment, and under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) excitation, the gold nanorods achieve photothermal conversion to induce local heating, which leads to the phase transition of the polymer layer and realizes a controllable release mechanism. In addition, 660 nm NIR light can effectively induce Ce6 to produce singlet oxygen, thereby effectively killing cancer cells. Under the 808 nm laser irradiation within 600 s, the PA/Ce6 solution can heat up to about 60°C, which was enough to ablate both cancer cells and tumor tissues. When the temperature was 50°C, the cumulative release rate of Ce6 was 95.31%. Under the 808 nm laser irradiation, oxygen production capacity of PA/Ce6 was higher and can effectively reduce the content of hydrogen peroxide in cancer cells. Compared to free Ce6, the reactive oxygen species-mediated fluorescence of PA/Ce6 nanoparticles was greater. The cell viability and migration of HepG2 cells were decreased after the 660 and 880 nm lasers were irradiated at the same time. The cancer cells were further inhibited, showing a good in vitro anti-tumor effect. PA-DOX showed the best tumor growth inhibitory effect under NIR laser irradiation and had no acute toxicity in vivo. Due to the existence of AuNRs, nanoparticles had high-efficiency photothermal conversion ability to achieve photothermal therapy. Ce6 can generate singlet oxygen under the excitation of 660 nm laser to realize photodynamic therapy. The experimental results also showed that PA/Ce6 can effectively decompose hydrogen peroxide under laser irradiation, aiming to effectively alleviate the anaerobic microenvironment of tumors. These indicate that PA/Ce6 plays a promising role for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
Lumbar segment-dependent soft tissue artifacts of skin markers during in vivo weight-bearing forward–Backward bending
Authors: Xi Xin , Ling Zhi , Wang Cong , Gu Chunya , Zhan Xuqiang , Yu Haixin , Lu Siqi , Tsai Tsung-Yuan , Yu Yan , Cheng Liming
Published: August 2022

Traditional optical motion capture (OMC) with retroreflective markers is commonly used to measure joint kinematics but was also reported with unavoidable soft tissue artifacts (STAs) when quantifying the motion of the spine. Additionally, the patterns of the STA on the lumbar spine remain unclear. This study aimed to 1) quantify the in vivo STAs of the human lower back in three-dimensional directions during weight-bearing forward–backward bending and 2) determine the effects of the STAs on the calculated flexion angles between the upper and lower lumbar spines and adjacent vertebrae by comparing the skin marker (SM)- and virtual bone marker (VM)-based measurements. Six healthy volunteers were imaged using a biplanar radiographic system, and thirteen skin markers were mounted on every volunteer’s lower back while performing weight-bearing forward–backward bending. The STAs in the anterior/posterior (AP), medial/lateral (ML), and proximal/distal (PD) directions were investigated. The flexion angles between the upper and lower lumbar segments and adjacent intervertebral segments (L2–L5) throughout the cycle were calculated. For all the participants, STAs continuously increased in the AP direction and exhibited a reciprocal trend in the PD direction. During flexion, the STA at the lower lumbar region (L4–L5: 13.5 ± 6.5 mm) was significantly higher than that at the upper lumbar (L1–L3: 4.0 ± 1.5 mm) in the PD direction (p < 0.01). During extension, the lower lumbar (L4–L5: 2.7 ± 0.7 mm) exhibited significantly less STAs than that exhibited by the upper lumbar region (L1–L3: 6.1 ± 3.3 mm) (p < 0.05). The STA at the spinous process was significantly lower than that on both sides in the AP direction (p < 0.05). The present results on STAs, based on dual fluoroscopic measurements in healthy adult subjects, presented an anatomical direction, marker location, and anatomic segment dependency, which might help describe and quantify STAs for the lumbar spine kinematics and thus help develop location- and direction-specific weighting factors for use in global optimization algorithms aimed at minimizing the effects of STAs on the calculation of lumbar joint kinematics in the future.
Research on the osteogenesis and biosafety of ECM–Loaded 3D–Printed Gel/SA/58sBG scaffolds
Authors: Tan Guozhong , Chen Rongfeng , Tu Xinran , Guo Liyang , Guo Lvhua , Xu Jingyi , Zhang Chengfei , Zou Ting , Sun Shuyu , Jiang Qianzhou
Published: August 2022

Employing scaffolds containing cell–derived extracellular matrix (ECM) as an alternative strategy for the regeneration of bone defects has shown prominent advantages. Here, gelatin (Gel), sodium alginate (SA) and 58s bioactive glass (58sBG) were incorporated into deionized water to form ink, which was further fabricated into composite scaffolds by the 3D printing technique. Then, rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOECs) or rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (RBMSCs) were seeded on the scaffolds. After decellularization, two kinds of ECM–loaded scaffolds (RAOECs–ECM scaffold and RBMSCs–ECM scaffold) were obtained. The morphological characteristics of the scaffolds were assessed meticulously by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the effects of scaffolds on the proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of RBMSCs were evaluated by Calcein AM staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). In vivo, full–thickness bone defects with a diameter of 5 mm were made in the mandibles of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats to assess the bone regeneration ability and biosafety of the scaffolds at 4, 8 and 16 weeks. The osteogenic and angiogenic potential of the scaffolds were investigated by microcomputed tomography (Micro–CT) and histological analysis. The biosafety of the scaffolds was evaluated by blood biochemical indices and histological staining of the liver, kidney and cerebrum. The results showed that the ECM–loaded scaffolds were successfully prepared, exhibiting interconnected pores and a gel–like ECM distributed on their surfaces. Consistently, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the scaffolds displayed favourable cytocompatibility. In vitro osteogenic differentiation studies showed that scaffolds coated with ECM could significantly increase the expression of osteogenic and angiogenic genes. In addition, the results from mandibular defect repair in vivo revealed that the ECM–loaded scaffolds effectively promoted the healing of bone defects when compared to the pure scaffold. Overall, these findings demonstrate that both RAOECs–ECM scaffold and RBMSCs–ECM scaffold can greatly enhance bone formation with good biocompatibility and thus have potential for clinical application in bone regeneration.
Genome of the sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida and transcriptome profiles during tentacle regeneration
Authors: Shum Cheryl W.Y. , Nong Wenyan , So Wai Lok , Li Yiqian , Qu Zhe , Yip Ho Yin , Swale Thomas , Ang Put O. , Chan King Ming , Chan Ting Fung , Chu Ka Hou , Chui Apple P.Y. , Lau Kwok Fai , Ngai Sai Ming , Xu Fei , Hui Jerome H.L.
Published: August 2022

Cnidarians including sea anemones, corals, hydra, and jellyfishes are a group of animals well known for their regeneration capacity. However, how non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (also known as miRNAs) contribute to cnidarian tissue regeneration is poorly understood. Here, we sequenced and assembled the genome of the sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida collected in Hong Kong waters. The assembled genome size of E. pallida is 229.21 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 10.58 Mb and BUSCO completeness of 91.1%, representing a significantly improved genome assembly of this species. The organization of ANTP-class homeobox genes in this anthozoan further supported the previous findings in jellyfishes, where most of these genes are mainly located on three scaffolds. Tentacles of E. pallida were excised, and both mRNA and miRNA were sequenced at 9 time points (0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 1 day, 2, 3, 6, and 8 days) from regenerating tentacles. In addition to the Wnt signaling pathway and homeobox genes that are shown to be likely involved in tissue regeneration as in other cnidarians, we have shown that GLWamide neuropeptides, and for the first time sesquiterpenoid pathway genes could potentially be involved in the late phase of cnidarian tissue regeneration. The established sea anemone model will be useful for further investigation of biology and evolution in, and the effect of climate change on this important group of animals.
Aging in the sebaceous gland
Authors: Hou Xiaoxiao , Wei Ziyu , Zouboulis Christos C , Ju Qiang
Published: August 2022

Sebaceous glands (SGs) originate from hair follicular stem cells and secrete lipids to lubricate the skin. The coordinated effects of intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors generate degradation of SGs at a late age. Senescence of SGs could be a mirror of the late aging of both the human body and skin. The procedure of SG aging goes over an initial SG hyperplasia at light-exposed skin areas to end with SG atrophy, decreased sebum secretion, and altered sebum composition, which is related to skin dryness, lack of brightness, xerosis, roughness, desquamation, and pruritus. During differentiation and aging of SGs, many signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, c-Myc, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and p53 pathways, are involved. Random processes lead to random cell and DNA damage due to the production of free radicals during the lifespan and neuroendocrine system alterations. Extrinsic factors include sunlight exposure (photoaging), environmental pollution, and cigarette smoking, which can directly activate signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, AhR, and p53 pathways, and are probably associated with the de-differentiation and hyperplasia of SGs, or indirectly activate the abovementioned signaling pathways by elevating the inflammation level. The production of ROS during intrinsic SG aging is less, the signaling pathways are activated slowly and mildly, and sebocytes are still differentiated, yet terminal differentiation is not completed. With extrinsic factors, relevant signaling pathways are activated rapidly and fiercely, thus inhibiting the differentiation of progenitor sebocytes and even inducing the differentiation of progenitor sebocytes into keratinocytes. The management of SG aging is also mentioned.
Roles of tumor-associated neutrophils in tumor metastasis and its clinical applications
Authors: Yan Man , Zheng Minying , Niu Rui , Yang Xiaohui , Tian Shifeng , Fan Linlin , Li Yuwei , Zhang Shiwu
Published: August 2022

Metastasis, a primary cause of death in patients with malignancies, is promoted by intrinsic changes in both tumor and non-malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). As major components of the TME, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) promote tumor progression and metastasis through communication with multiple growth factors, chemokines, inflammatory factors, and other immune cells, which together establish an immunosuppressive TME. In this review, we describe the potential mechanisms by which TANs participate in tumor metastasis based on recent experimental evidence. We have focused on drugs in chemotherapeutic regimens that target TANs, thereby providing a promising future for cancer immunotherapy.
In depth functional characterization of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived beta cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Fantuzzi Federica , Toivonen Sanna , Schiavo Andrea Alex , Chae Heeyoung , Tariq Mohammad , Sawatani Toshiaki , Pachera Nathalie , Cai Ying , Vinci Chiara , Virgilio Enrico , Ladriere Laurence , Suleiman Mara , Marchetti Piero , Jonas Jean-Christophe , Gilon Patrick , Eizirik Décio L. , Igoillo-Esteve Mariana , Cnop Miriam
Published: August 2022

In vitro differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into beta cells represents an important cell source for diabetes research. Here, we fully characterized iPSC-derived beta cell function in vitro and in vivo in humanized mice. Using a 7-stage protocol, human iPSCs were differentiated into islet-like aggregates with a yield of insulin-positive beta cells comparable to that of human islets. The last three stages of differentiation were conducted with two different 3D culture systems, rotating suspension or static microwells. In the latter, homogeneously small-sized islet-like aggregates were obtained, while in rotating suspension size was heterogeneous and aggregates often clumped. In vitro function was assessed by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, NAD(P)H and calcium fluctuations. Stage 7 aggregates slightly increased insulin release in response to glucose in vitro. Aggregates were transplanted under the kidney capsule of NOD-SCID mice to allow for further in vivo beta cell maturation. In transplanted mice, grafts showed glucose-responsiveness and maintained normoglycemia after streptozotocin injection. In situ kidney perfusion assays showed modulation of human insulin secretion in response to different secretagogues. In conclusion, iPSCs differentiated with equal efficiency into beta cells in microwells compared to rotating suspension, but the former had a higher experimental success rate. In vitro differentiation generated aggregates lacking fully mature beta cell function. In vivo, beta cells acquired the functional characteristics typical of human islets. With this technology an unlimited supply of islet-like organoids can be generated from human iPSCs that will be instrumental to study beta cell biology and dysfunction in diabetes.
Controllable synthesis and structural design of novel all-organic polymers toward high energy storage dielectrics
Authors: Gong Honghong , Ji Qinglong , Cheng Yipin , Xiong Jie , Zhang Meirong , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: August 2022

As the core unit of energy storage equipment, high voltage pulse capacitor plays an indispensable role in the field of electric power system and electromagnetic energy related equipment. The mostly utilized polymer materials are metallized polymer thin films, which are represented by biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films, possessing the advantages including low cost, high breakdown strength, excellent processing ability, and self-healing performance. However, the low dielectric constant (εr < 3) of traditional BOPP films makes it impossible to meet the demand for increased high energy density. Controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) and related techniques have become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of materials and have given rise to great advances in tuning the properties of polymer dielectrics. Although organic-inorganic composite dielectrics have received much attention in previous studies, all-organic polymer dielectrics have been proven to be the most promising choice because of its light weight and easy large-scale continuous processing. In this short review, we begin with some basic theory of polymer dielectrics and some theoretical considerations for the rational design of dielectric polymers with high performance. In the guidance of these theoretical considerations, we review recent progress toward all-organic polymer dielectrics based on two major approaches, one is to control the polymer chain structure, containing microscopic main-chain and side-chain structures, by the method of CRP and the other is macroscopic structure design of all-organic polymer dielectric films. And various chemistry and compositions are discussed within each approach.
Computational prediction and experimental validation of Salmonella Typhimurium SopE-mediated fine-tuning of autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Demeter Amanda , Jacomin Anne-Claire , Gul Lejla , Lister Ashleigh , Lipscombe James , Invernizzi Rachele , Branchu Priscilla , Macaulay Iain , Nezis Ioannis P. , Kingsley Robert A. , Korcsmaros Tamas , Hautefort Isabelle
Published: August 2022

Macroautophagy is a ubiquitous homeostasis and health-promoting recycling process of eukaryotic cells, targeting misfolded proteins, damaged organelles and intracellular infectious agents. Some intracellular pathogens such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium hijack this process during pathogenesis. Here we investigate potential protein-protein interactions between host transcription factors and secreted effector proteins of Salmonella and their effect on host gene transcription. A systems-level analysis identified Salmonella effector proteins that had the potential to affect core autophagy gene regulation. The effect of a SPI-1 effector protein, SopE, that was predicted to interact with regulatory proteins of the autophagy process, was investigated to validate our approach. We then confirmed experimentally that SopE can directly bind to SP1, a host transcription factor, which modulates the expression of the autophagy gene MAP1LC3B. We also revealed that SopE might have a double role in the modulation of autophagy: Following initial increase of MAP1LC3B transcription triggered by Salmonella infection, subsequent decrease in MAP1LC3B transcription at 6h post-infection was SopE-dependent. SopE also played a role in modulation of the autophagy flux machinery, in particular MAP1LC3B and p62 autophagy proteins, depending on the level of autophagy already taking place. Upon typical infection of epithelial cells, the autophagic flux is increased. However, when autophagy was chemically induced prior to infection, SopE dampened the autophagic flux. The same was also observed when most of the intracellular Salmonella cells were not associated with the SCV (strain lacking sifA) regardless of the autophagy induction status before infection. We demonstrated how regulatory network analysis can be used to better characterise the impact of pathogenic effector proteins, in this case, Salmonella. This study complements previous work in which we had demonstrated that specific pathogen effectors can affect the autophagy process through direct interaction with autophagy proteins. Here we show that effector proteins can also influence the upstream regulation of the process. Such interdisciplinary studies can increase our understanding of the infection process and point out targets important in intestinal epithelial cell defense.
Are all antibiotic persisters created equal?
Authors: Shultis Michael W. , Mulholland Claire V. , Berney Michael
Published: August 2022

Antibiotic persisters are a sub-population of bacteria able to survive in the presence of bactericidal antibiotic despite the lack of heritable drug resistance mechanisms. This phenomenon exists across many bacterial species and is observed for many different antibiotics. Though these bacteria are often described as “multidrug persisters” very few experiments have been carried out to determine the homogeneity of a persister population to different drugs. Further, there is much debate in the field as to the origins of a persister cell. Is it formed spontaneously? Does it form in response to stress? These questions are particularly pressing in the field of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, where persisters may play a crucial role in the required length of treatment and the development of multidrug resistant organisms. Here we aim to interpret the known mechanisms of antibiotic persistence and how they may relate to improving treatments for M. tuberculosis, exposing the gaps in knowledge that prevent us from answering the question: Are all antibiotic persisters created equal?