bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uzaktan Eğitim Sürecinde İngilizce Öğretmenlerinin Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Nitel Bir Analiz
Authors: Shaıkh Güler , Özdaş Faysal
Published: March 2022

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO), Coronavirüs hastalığını (Covid-19) yeni keşfedilen bir virüsün neden olduğu bulaşıcı bir hastalık olarak tanımlamış ve artan vakalar sonucunda ülkeler uzaktan eğitime geçiş yapmıştır. Türkiye de salgından etkilenmiş ve zorunlu uzaktan eğitime başlamıştır. Bu çalışma, İngilizce öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitim sürecine ilişkin görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesini dikkate alarak "uzaktan eğitim" konusunda önerilerde bulunmayı amaçlamıştır. Araştırmada nitel verilerin toplanması için yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları ile ilkokul, ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapan 80 İngilizce öğretmeninin görüşü alınmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgubilim deseni kullanılmıştır.. Araştırmaya göre öğretmenler uzaktan eğitim sürecinde altyapı ve teknik sorunlar başta olmak üzere planlama ve katılım gibi farklı sorunlarla karşılaşmışlardır. Öğretmenler de sürece ayak uydurmak, öğrencilerin başarılarını ve motivasyonlarını artırmak için hazırlık çalışmaları, etkili ve eğlenceli paylaşımlar, iletişim ve teknolojiyi kullanma gibi farklı stratejiler kullanmışlardır. Öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitim sistemini etkili ve verimli bulmadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Sufragio femenino en el Perú en las Juntas Municipales Transitorias de 1945
Authors: Bedoya Bonelli Carlos Alonso
Published: March 2022

Existe evidencia normativa, administrativa y hemerográfica para afirmar que en 1945 se ejerció el derecho al sufragio femenino en el Perú, en la instalación de las Juntas Municipales Transitorias promovidas por el Partido Aprista Peruano (APRA) desde el Congreso. Entre septiembre y octubre de 1945 hubo mujeres peruanas que votaron y fueron votadas en elecciones indirectas de dos grados reguladas por la Ley N.° 10233, aplicándose por primera vez el derecho al sufragio femenino municipal, contenido en el artículo 86.° de la Constitución de 1933. En este artículo se abordan las condiciones políticas y jurídicas que viabilizaron tales hechos, la dinámica de las elecciones y el sufragio de las mujeres en 1945, y su acceso a la función pública con énfasis en el caso de Dora Madueño, la primera alcaldesa del Perú, todo ello como parte de los hitos en la lucha de las mujeres peruanas por sus derechos civiles y políticos.
Las renovaciones del registro electoral de 1931: la convocatoria, el nuevo ciudadano, el registro permanente y la entrega de la primera libreta electoral
Authors: Padilla Zárate Cristian Enrique , Ccasani Condo Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2022

Para las elecciones generales de 1931 se dio un inusitado apoyo durante el registro público de votantes. Estos fueron impulsados por el Gobierno a través de la prensa y apoyados por partidos políticos que, aunque siguieron sus intereses, revelaron mutuo ánimo frente a las nuevas reformas electorales. Como la coyuntura política implicó una sociedad desconfiada de las elecciones —entre políticos leguiístas, autoridades militares y nuevos partidos de masas—, su participación en la práctica dio valor práctico al nuevo estatuto, que hizo posible las propuestas modernas para sus provechos privados. Las propuestas de aquellas reformas incluyeron la convocatoria masiva, una nueva masa de votantes, el registro permanente y la presentación de la libreta electoral. Esto último fue importante, pues simbolizó el poder electoral entregado personalmente, el primer documento personal de registro votante moderno.
On the stochastic stability in the large of solutions of the nonlinear second-order differential equations perturbed by white noise. I
Authors: Шумафов Магомет Мишаустович , Панеш Тимур Аскербиевич , Хаваджа Мухаммед Ареф
Published: March 2022

В настоящей работе рассматриваются нелинейные автономные дифференциальные уравнения второго порядка, возмущенные белым шумом. Получены достаточные условия асимптотической устойчивости в целом по вероятности решений рассматриваемых уравнений. Даны вероятностные оценки пребывания случайной траектории в ограниченной области фазовой плоскости. В качестве примера рассматривается гармонический осциллятор, возмущенный белым шумом.

In the work nonlinear autonomous second-order differential equations with right-hand side random processes are considered. Sufficient conditions for stochastic asymptotic stability in the large of solutions of the equations are obtained. The probabilistic estimations of the remaining of a random trajectory in a bounded region of the phase plane are given. As an example harmonic oscillator perturbed by random process is considered.
Modular neural network training for multitasking artificial intelligence
Authors: Четырбок Петр Васильевич , Шостак Марина Анатольевна
Published: March 2022

Рассматривается формализация алгоритмов для многозадачного искусственного интеллекта с использованием векторного критерия. Показаны проблемы, возникающие при использовании составления алгоритмов обучения для многозадачного искусственного интеллекта. Представлены методы разрешения проблем, включающие построения самообучающихся нейронных модулей, применения специальных типов нейронных сетей, основанных на векторном критерии и формализации алгоритмов для обработки больших данных с использованием векторного критерия.

The paper considers the formalization of algorithms for multitasking artificial intelligence using a vector criterion. The work shows problems that arise when compiling training algorithms for multitasking artificial intelligence. Methods of solving problems are presented, including constructing self-learning neural modules, using special types of neural networks based on a vector criterion and formalizing algorithms for processing large data using a vector criterion.
Methods of natural language processing in solving problems of detecting social engineering attacks
Authors: Частикова Вера Аркадьевна , Козачёк Константин Валерьевич , Гуляй Виктория Геннадьевна
Published: March 2022

Представлен сравнительный анализ различных методов обработки естественного языка для выявления наиболее эффективных механизмов обнаружения вектора атак социальной инженерии. Показано, что использование простейших языковых моделей, таких как bagofwords и TF-IDF, не удовлетворяет требованиям поставленной задачи в полной мере. Применение наиболее часто используемых современных моделей вложения слов (Word2Vec, GloVe, fastText) позволяет получать хорошие результаты, но при условии использования большой обучающей выборки. Было выявлено, что такие же результаты показывают сверточные и рекуррентные нейронные сети, которые могут быть использованы в качестве основы для реализации механизма Attention. Анализ показал, что наиболее продуктивным является применение методов обработки естественного языка, строящихся на базе архитектуры-трансформера, в особенности моделей BERT и XLNet.

The purpose of this work is to conduct a comparative analysis of various methods of natural language processing to identify the most effective mechanisms for detecting the vector of social engineering attacks. The study shows that the use of the simplest language models, such as bag of words and TF-IDF, does not fully meet the requirements of the task. The use of the most commonly used word embedding models at the moment (Word2Vec, GloVe, fast Text) can give good results, but only when using a large training sample. It was also revealed that convolutional and recurrent neural networks can show good results, which can be used as a basis for the implementation of the Attention mechanism. However, the most productive will be the use of modern natural language processing methods based on the transformer architecture, especially the BERT and XLNet models.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Al-Qur'an Santri TPQ Asy-Syifa Bangsal melalui Metode Explicit Instruction
Authors: Dewi M Cantika Sari , Zuroidah Ninik
Published: March 2022

Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk menjelaskan proses pengabdian yang dilakukan oleh pengabdi dan mengetahui bagaimana proses penerapan metode explicit instruction pada pembelajaran menulis Al-Qur'an di TPQ Asy-Syifa. Metode pengabdian yang digunakan yakni Participatory Action Research (PAR) dengan objek pengabdian yaitu seluruh komponen yang ada di TPQ Asy-Syifa. Hasil dari artikel ini menjelaskan bahwa pengabdi dalam pengabdiannya mengidentifikasi masalah dalam metode pembelajaran menulis Al-Qur'an di TPQ Asy-Syifa sehingga perlu dilakukan perbaikan. Metode explicit instruction menjadi pilihan karena metode ini memberikan kesempatan bagi santri untuk mendapatkan pengajaran selangkah demi selangkah. Sehingga, dengan penerapan metode ini santri lebih antusias dan dapat menulis sesuai dengan kaidah penulisan Al-Qur'an yang baik dan benar.
A comparative evaluation of the peri-implant strain transmitted through splinted and non-splinted cement retained prostheses on implants of two different lengths
Authors: Nichlani Garima , Joshi Mridula , Ghadage Mahesh , Saisubramanian Shruti , Jain Gunjan , Bedia Sumit
Published: March 2022

Aim - The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the peri-implant strain transmitted through splinted and non-splinted prostheses cemented on implants of two different lengths (8mm and 11.5mm) when subjected to an axial load. Method – The study was conducted on two polypropylene models on which implants of 8mm and 11.5mm length were placed in the molar region. Splinted and non-splinted prostheses were cemented to the implant abutments placed on the implants. Metal jig simulating the anatomy of the opposing tooth was casted and adapted to the prostheses. An axial load of 400N was applied to the assembly using Universal testing machine. The peri implant strain transmitted through these prostheses was recorded using strain gauges attached to Wheatstone bridge circuit. RESULT – The observations showed that implant length and splinting of the prostheses, both significantly affect the peri implant strain as analysed by one way ANOVA statistical test. [F(3,36) = 1882.81 P<0.05]. Lowest peri implant strain was observed in splinted prosthesis cemented on implant with 11.5mm length followed by non-splinted prosthesis on 11.5mm length implant followed by splinted prosthesis on 8mm length implant followed by non-splinted prosthesis on 8mm length implant.
Evaluation of lingual fracture pattern of the mandible after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with and without inferior border osteotomy
Authors: Vignesh K. R Arun , Sankar D , Veerabahu M , Paneerselvam Elavenil , Ganesh Vivek , Belinda Jane , Singh Shubham , Bharathi Rajkumar
Published: March 2022

The Purpose of the study was to evaluate the pattern of lingual split when performing a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) with different osteotomy methods. A total of 15 dry human cadaveric mandibles was taken for the study. The classical Epker technique of BSSO was performed on the left side. The same was done on the right side along with an-additional inferior border osteotomy. There resultant split was assessed based on modified lingual split scale. The maximum torque force that was needed to split the mandible was recorded and the fracture pattern was observed. Similar osteotomies were performed in 15 fresh goat mandibles which acted as control group. The human cadaveric dry mandible recorded an average torque of 12.6 +2.4 Nm (SD: 0.32) with a maximum of 16.0 Nm and a minimum of 8.0 Nm on left side.80% of the mandible were Type I fracture pattern and 20% had Type III fracture pattern. In contrast with the modified BSSO technique with an additional inferior border osteotomy required a maximal torque of 12.0 N and a minimal torque of 5.0 with an average required torque of 8.7 + 2.1 N on the right side of the mandible.
Influence of Psychological Nursing Intervention Combined with Family-Like Care on Negative Emotion and Prognosis of Patients with Breast Cancer Undergoing Radical Mastectomy
Authors:   Hebei PetroChina Central Hospital, Hebei Province, China, Ji Yunzhao , Yang Ning ,   People 's Hospital of CangZhou, Hebei Province, China, Zuo Yanhua ,   Hebei PetroChina Central Hospital, Hebei Province, China
Published: March 2022

Objective: To explore the application effect of psychological nursing intervention combined with family-like care in patients with breast cancer undergoing radical mastectomy and analyze its influence on the prognosis and mental state. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 100 patients with breast cancer undergoing radical mastectomy in our hospital from September 2018 to September 2020. According to nursing methods, they were equally allocated to a control group and an experimental group. The control group received routine nursing, while the experimental group received psychological nursing intervention combined with family-like care. The following items of the two groups were compared: Nursing efficiency, nursing satisfaction, prevalence of adverse reactions, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores, self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores, mental status scale in non-psychiatric settings (MSSNS) scores, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scores, quality of life index (QLI) scores, and incidence of negative emotions at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after surgery. Results: The experimental group scored higher than the control group in nursing efficiency, nursing satisfaction and QLI (all P<0.05), while it scored lower in the prevalence of adverse reactions, SAS, SDS, MSSNS, and the prevalence of negative emotions at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after surgery (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Psychological nursing intervention combined with family-like care significantly relieves the postoperative negative emotion and improves the prognosis, which has been unanimously recognized by patients. Therefore, this nursing model is of great value in practice.
Application and Effect Analysis of Refined Nursing Mode on Physical and Mental Health of Patients with Post-stroke Epilepsy
Authors:   Shiyan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China, Guo Cuiqin , Shang Li ,   Shiyan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China, Li Yansong ,   Shiyan Taihe Hospital affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
Published: March 2022

Objective: To explore the application effect of refined nursing in improving the physical and mental health of patients with post-stroke epilepsy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with stroke-induced epilepsy admitted to our hospital within the past year and 160 cases were identified as research subjects. They were assigned to the research group receiving refined nursing and the control group given routine nursing. The exercise ability, living ability, negative emotions, nursing satisfaction, and quality of life after nursing between the two groups were compared. Results: The research group obtained significantly lower arm and leg movement scores than those of the control group (P<0.001). The living ability score of the research group after nursing was (86.68±5.65), remarkably higher than the score of the control group (63.54±4.78) (P<0.001). A significant decline of the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) score and the self-rating depression scale (SDS) was observed in the research group (P<0.001). The research group obtained a markedly higher nursing satisfaction rate than that of the other group (P<0.001). The physical health index of patients in the research group after nursing reached (188.52±3.59), which was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: The application of refined nursing can effectively promote the restoration of patients' exercise ability, improve their living ability, and reduce the incidence of negative emotions. It is of positive significance for improving the physical and mental health of patients and merits extensive application in clinical practice.
Analisa Kawasan Keselamatan Operasi Keselamatan Penerbangan Dalam Rangka Pengoperasian Dan Pengembangan Bandar Udara Fatmawati Soekarno Bengkulu
Authors: Pratiningsih Nunuk , Kuntjoro M. Budi , Maruli Sinaga Togi Adnan
Published: March 2022

KKOP merupakan jaminan mutlak terhadap keselamatan operasi penerbangan. Indonesia sebagai anggota PBB telah meratifikasi ketentuan ICAO yang diterbitkan dalam Annex XIV Aerodrome Vol. Chapter 4 tentang Obstacle Limitation Surface (OLS). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisa KKOP terkait dengan Pengoperasian Bandar Udara sekaligus terkait dengan Rencana Pengembangan Bandar Udara Fatmawati Soekarno Bengkulu. Pasal 211 UU No. 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan “Untuk menjamin keselamatan dan keamanan penerbangan serta pengembangan bandar udara, pemerintah daerah wajib mengendalikan daerah lingkungan kepentingan bandar udara” UU No. 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah tidak secara tegas menetapkan penyerahan urusan Pemerintah Daerah untuk mengendalikan daerah lingkungan kepentingan bandar udara, termasuk didalamnya KKOP. Penelitian ini merupakan masukan bagi regulator penerbangan sipil dan pemerintah daerah untuk optimalisasi koordinasi dan harmonisasi.
Pengaruh Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Jangka Pendek Sekolah Tinggi Penerbangan Indonesia Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Bandar Udara Internasional Lombok Mataram
Authors: Utami Satiti , Sadiatmi Rini
Published: March 2022

Advances in science and technology have a major influence on changes in systems and work tools in an organization. Work facilities supported by modern technology are expected to make it easier and faster in achieving organizational goals. However, in reality it is difficult to achieve what is expected, because any sophisticated means is not the only aspect that can facilitate efforts to achieve organizational goals.
Nieuws vanuit het bestuur van de Nederlandse Liga tegen Epilepsie
Authors: Rouhl Rob , Majoie Marian
Published: March 2022

De Nederlandse Liga tegen Epilepsie heeft tot doel verspreiding van kennis over epilepsie onder allen die daar belang bij hebben. Dat doet het bestuur bijvoorbeeld via het vakblad ‘Epilepsie, periodiek voor professionals’ maar ook via de liga-website en aparte mailings. Daarnaast is de Liga een vraagbaak voor de verschillende wetenschappelijke verenigingen en voor zorg- en overheidsinstanties in kwesties die de zorg voor patiënten met epilepsie betreffen. Enkele voorbeelden hiervan zijn: activiteiten rondom de landelijke richtlijnen, vergoedingsaanvragen en plaatsbepaling van nieuwe behandelingen binnen de behandeling van patiënten met epilepsie.
The current state of research on the two-way linkages between productivity and well-being
Authors: Sharpe Andrew , Mobasher Fard Shahrzad ,   International Labour Organization. Research Department.
Published: March 2022

Interest in the topic of well-being has burgeoned in recent years as the weaknesses of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita as a proxy for well-being have become more apparent. At the same time, the global economy has experienced a productivity slowdown. Since productivity growth is recognized as being by far the most important long-term source of sustainable gains in living standards, this development has implications for the future of living standards around the world. These two developments raise a number of issues related to the two-way linkages between productivity and well-being. First, does slower productivity growth constitute a significant threat to the betterment of the well-being of the world’s population, and, if so, by how much? Second, given that many indicators of well-being can have positive effects on productivity, should one aspect of any strategy to revive productivity growth be to focus on policies that improve well-being? The objective of this report is to survey the current state of research on the two-way linkages between productivity and well-being.
DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES IN THE DIVISION OF INHERITANCE LAW ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC LAW AND JAVANESE CUSTOMARY LAW IN INDONESIA IN A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LAW, so that
Authors: Nurmala Leni , Koni Yoslan
Published: March 2022

The acquisition of property through inheritance is a form of legal ownership and is justified by Allah SWT. The Qur'an and Hadith have also provided explanations regarding the parties who are entitled to become heirs along with the amount or amount of distribution of inheritance. However, in everyday life in society, the distribution of inheritance often creates its own problems, the distribution of inheritance is vulnerable to conflict and prone to disputes between parties who are entitled to become heirs. The method used in this paper is the normative legal research method. Namely the type of research method that is doctrinal in nature and comes from research sources from the library. In research, it is necessary to have library sources that are relevant to the subject being studied. In Indonesia, the applicable inheritance law is still not uniform. This is because there are different laws of inheritance, including civil inheritance law, customary inheritance law, and Islamic inheritance law. However, this paper only focuses on the division of inheritance law according to customary inheritance law and Islamic inheritance law. In Indonesia, there are very diverse customary laws, so this research is more directed to Javanese customary law of inheritance which adheres to the term sepikul segendongan, namely that boys get twice the share of girls. The principle of sepikul-segendong implies that men and women both get the same inheritance rights, but each share is different, the men who are considered to have a bigger role and responsibility get more shares (sepikul) than men. women (segendong), however, as Muslims, they should obey and submit to the provisions stipulated in Islamic law.
PENGARUH PROMOSI PENJUALAN DAN ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH TERHADAP PEMBELIAN IMPULSIF PADA SAAT SPECIAL EVENT DAY (STUDI PADA KONSUMEN SHOPEE JAWA TIMUR)
Authors: Ariyanti Lilis , Setyo Iriani Sri
Published: March 2022

Konsumen merupakan aset penting bagi perusahaan. Berbagai strategi dilakukan untuk merebut hati pembeli. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah melalui program promo tertentu. Shopee merupakan toko online yang memiliki penilaian terbaik pada App Store, memberikan penawaran promosi terbanyak saat special event day, dan memiliki pengikut terbanyak di Instagram. Namun, hal tersebut tidak menjadikan Shopee sebagai toko online dengan pengunjung terbanyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh promosi penjualan dan electronic word of mouth terhadap pembelian impulsif pada special event day. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah judgemental sampling. Sampel penelitian ini adalah konsumen Shopee yang pernah melakukan pembelian pada special event day, berdomisili di Jawa Timur, dan berusia 18 hingga 35 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis regresi berganda. Temuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa selama special event day, promosi penjualan dan electronic word of mouth berpengaruh terhadap pembelian impulsif pada pengguna Shopee. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah aplikasi Shopee diharapkan dapat meningkatkan jumlah promosi penjualan pada special event day dan memberikan promosi penjualan yang benar-benar dapat dirasakan sehingga konsumen tertarik untuk melakukan pembelian impulsif.
Housing, the hyper-precarization of asylum seekers and the contested politics of welcome on Tyneside
Authors: Cassidy Kathryn
Published: March 2022

This paper analyses the role of housing in shaping the contested politics of welcome in the North East of England. It argues that changes to state provision of asylum seeker housing and the introduction of new legislation to create a hostile internalised bordering regime have led to a hyper-precarization of asylum seekers, which has been contested through a range of political projects at the urban scale. On Tyneside, these projects coalesced around struggles for improvements to state-provided accommodation for asylum seekers. The analysis reveals that whilst asylum housing has become key to the articulation of the politics of welcome within cities outside of London, it is spatially and temporally differentiated. The differential political projects shaping ‘welcoming’ at the urban scale emerge from contestation between a range of actors. On Tyneside, this contested politics arises from two key shifts: a change in national and local government in 2010 and 2011, which catalysed an oppositional politics of welcome amongst regional politicians; and the emergence of a new civil society initiative on Tyneside, whose direct action destabilised the relatively sedimented existing political landscape of welcome in the region, making space for differentiated asylum seeker political subjectivities.
Looking ‘for a fight rather than a cause’: (De)legitimization of resistance to gentrification in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Ellis-Young Margaret
Published: March 2022

Negative implications of gentrification have been continually recognized over the past several decades, prompting varied forms of resistance in cities around the world. However, gentrification has also been more recently framed in public discourse as a beneficial and constructive process, grounded in examples of ‘revitalizing’ centres. These contrasting positions introduce underexplored tensions in how different interests approach gentrifying environments in an urban area, particularly with respect to the impact of resistance movements. Using Hamilton, Ontario as a case study, I consider how acts of resistance to gentrification and displacement are perceived and (de)legitimized by local residents, business owners, and others, focusing on the recent emergence of direct action tactics across the inner city. Applying concepts of antagonism, hegemony, and transparent space, I explore dominant values in a context of municipal-led revitalization as portrayed through discourse on resistance to gentrification in central Hamilton. This analysis draws primarily on news articles and Twitter responses pertaining to prominent instances of gentrification-related resistance in Hamilton between 2016 and 2018, supplemented by interviews conducted in early 2018 with representatives from local community organizations. The paper finds three discourses through which antagonistic relations emerge and the (de)legitimization of gentrification-related resistance occurs: violence, entrepreneurship, and productivity. The dismissal of certain acts of resistance in residents’ and others’ responses can be connected to their contestation of dominant ideals of revitalization and the contrived simplicity of gentrified space. Importantly, this delegitimization includes the invalidation or minimizing of underlying concerns and imperatives. These findings have implications for mobilizing collective responses to address inequities of gentrification.
A retrospective analysis of the skull base fractures: demographic characteristics, causes and imaging findings
Authors: Kafadar Hüseyin , Kafadar Safiye , Yücetaş ŞeyhoCem , Kaya Hakan
Published: March 2022

Background and objectives: Skull base fractures have high mortality and morbidity rates and constitute a significant medical issue. The aim of the present study was to review the demographic characteristics, common locations and causes of the skull base fractures retrospectively.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients who attended the Intensive Care Unit/Radiology Clinic of Adiyaman University Training and Research Hospital between 2015 and 2018 and were found to have skull base fractures. The data were accessed via PACS system of the hospital database. Age, gender, cause of the trauma, type of the skull base fracture, imaging findings and outcome of the enrolled patients were analyzed.

Results: Total 138 cases who met the study criteria were enrolled in the study. The causes of the skull base fracture were as follows: fall 52.2%, traffic accident 36.2%, pounding 3.6%, firearm injury 0.7%, sharp object injury 0.7%, and other causes 6.5%. There was a statistically significant (p<0.001) difference in rate of skull base fracture caused by traffic accident between the ≤18-year group and 19-45 age group. The difference between the types of epidural hematoma was not significant in all age groups (p= 0.156); however, there was a statistically significant difference for gender (female vs. male 26.1%73.9%, p=0.025).

Conclusion: Skull base fractures were more common in fall from height and traffic accidents. In order to reduce skull base fractures, it is recommended to take preventive precautions for falls from height and traffic accidents.

IMC J Med Sci 2022; 16(2): 002. DOI:https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.16.012

*Correspondence: Safiye Kafadar, Department of Radiology, Adiyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey. Email: safiyekafadar@gmail.com, ORCID: 0000-0003-4070-9615
OBESITY, ADIPOSE TISSUE DYSFUNCTION AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Dongre Utpal Jagdish
Published: March 2022

Obesity is becoming a major health problem around the globe and reported as a severe risk factor for insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Organ-specific distribution and the pattern of gene expression make visceral fat more atherogenic than subcutaneous fat. Adipose tissue expansion due to a high-calorie diet adversely affects the vessel wall by modulating blood pressure, systemic inflammation and glucose as well as lipid metabolism (dyslipidemia). Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine and paracrine organ that secretes various adipokines. In patients with obesity, altered secretion of adipokines leads to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, which exerts detrimental effects on vascular endothelial cells, trigger atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the role of obesity in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. In the current scenario, obesity has been considered as a potential risk factor for the progression of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Thus, this review gives a brief idea about a possible link between obesity, atherosclerosis and COVID-19.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING NEW RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ATAZANAVIR SULFATE IN BULK AND CAPSULE DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Supare Sanket , Charbe Nitin , Barde Laxmicant , Mahajan Ujwala , Warokar Amol
Published: March 2022

A new stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of Atazanavir sulfate in bulk and capsule dosage form on Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 (150x 4.6mm) 3.5 μm column. Elution was carried using mobile phase consists of phosphate buffer pH 6.5: acetonitrile (40:60 v/v) at column temperature of 30˚C. The flow rate of the mobile phase was maintained at 1 ml/min, and effluents were monitored by the PDA detector. Atazanavir sulfate was separated at the retention time of 3.9 min. The specificity of the method was determined by spiking major impurities like pyridinyl lactose acetal, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, dealkyl atazanavir, and pyridinyl benzaldehyde into Atazanavir sulfate. Atazanavir sulfate was subjected to acid, base hydrolysis, peroxide oxidation, thermal and photolytic degradation. The stability studies indicated that Atazanavir sulfate was stable in acid, thermal, UV light while susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis and peroxide oxidation. Degraded products of peroxide and photolytic degradation coincide with the retention time of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde and pyridinyl benzaldehyde impurity, respectively. The new method is rapid, sensitive, linear, precise, accurate and without any interference of degraded products and excipients. Hence, the method can be successfully applied to the routine quality control of Atazanavir sulfate in bulk and capsule dosage form.
SYNTHESIS, X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, HIRSHFELD SURFACE AND 3D ENERGY FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS OF TWO IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Dhanalakshmi G. , Mala Ramanjaneyulu , Divya Dhakshinamurthy , Thennarasu Sathiah , Aravindhan S.
Published: March 2022

Heterocyclic compounds play an important role in organic chemistry due to their wide variety of applications in pharmacy, veterinary science and agriculture. Many significant heterocycles having application in medicinal chemistry and material science has nitrogen fused heterocyclic imidazole ring as common structural motifs. Imidazoles are one among the heterocyclic compounds which show significant pharmacological properties. Due to the importance of imidazole derivatives two compounds2-(5-(3-(tert-butylamino)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-6-fluorobenzaldehyde and Methyl-3-(tert-butylamino)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxylate has been synthesized, and the structures were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. In the crystals, molecules are linked by intermolecular C-H…S, N-H…N, and C-H…N hydrogen bonds. Both compounds exhibits , and C-H… interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed that in both compounds H…H interactions have the major contribution to the molecular surface. From the energy framework analysis, it was found that the dispersion components have a major contribution in crystal.
STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF LACCASE PRODUCTION BY ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE STRAIN T137 UTILIZING WHEAT BRAN AS SUBSTRATE IN SUBMERGED FERMENTATION (SmF) BY PLACKETT-BURMAN METHOD
Authors: S. Hemaraju , P. Prasad M. , N. Narasegowda P.
Published: March 2022

The work aimed to produce laccase enzyme by using wheat bran as substrate by a statistical approach by Enterobacter cloacae strain T137. The study was conducted through the submerged fermentation process (SmF) by using the regression model of Plackett-Burman experiments. The significant factors influencing the laccase production was analyzed by ANOVA and Pareto method. Among the variables screened, inoculum size, trace element solution, magnesium sulfate, pH of the medium, agitation rate and incubation time found was significant when the basal salt medium was supplemented with wheat bran as the substrate. The aptness of the model was determined by the coefficient (R2) of the Plackett-Burman factorial model.
SYNTHESIS, COMPLEXATION AND SPECTRAL STUDY OF NOVEL 2-BROMOBENZALDEHYDE DERIVED BENZILMONOXIMEHYDRAZONE
Authors: Yadav Premkumar , Badekar Raj , Nag Purnima , Lokhande Rama
Published: March 2022

In this newly approached method a novel series of Transition metal complexes were synthesized by the reaction of 2- bromobenzaldehyde react with benzilmonoximehydrazone in ethanolic solution at refluxed condition. Mononuclear complexes were synthesized by reaction with Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) chloride salts. The ligand and its complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UV, FTIR and PMR spectral studies.
MOLECULAR DOCKING OF COMPONENTS FROM THE EXTRACTS OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS AGAINST AURORA B KINASE
Authors: Anwar Parvin Zeenath , Sezhian Uma Gowrie , Narasingam Arunagirinathan
Published: March 2022

Compounds that inhibit the activity of Aurora kinase enzyme are potential drug candidates for a variety of cancers including osteosarcoma. Endophytes of medicinal plants have potential to produce several anticancer compounds having pharmaceutical applications. Cissus quadrangularis Linn. is a versatile medicinal plant with various therapeutic properties including bone fracture healing. Endophytes of this plant may be a promising source of anticancer compounds. The compounds present in the extracellular extract of endophytic bacteria predicted by GCMS and the compound VX-680 (Tozasertib) were subjected to docking against Aurora B kinase using AutoDock 4.2. Molecular docking studies has revealed that, among the compounds docked, five of them and a known Aurora B Kinase inhibitor VX-680, hydrogen bonded with the amino acid ALA173 in the active site of the enzyme.VX-680; Dl-leucine, n-dl-leucyl-; Acetophenone 4'-methoxy; Benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy; 3-Nonanol, 1,2;6,7-Diepoxy-3,7-Dimethyl-Acetate; Cyclopropane,1,2-dibutyl and 2-Myristynoyl-Glycinamide; bind to Aurora B Kinase (2VRX) with a binding energy of, -8.53, -4.68, -4.65, -4.34, - 4.0, -3.93 and -3.75 kcal mol-1 respectively. Thus, virtual studies on the endophytic compounds, reveal that these compounds may possess the potential to hinder the activity of Aurora B kinase and thus can contribute as lead compounds in developing therapeutic agents for cancer.
STRAIGHTFORWARD MULTICOMPONENT SYNTHESIS AND MICROBIAL SCREENING OF 2-CYANOAMINO-1, 2-DIHYDROPYRIMIDINES BEARING INDOLE SIDE CORE
Authors: Vignesh C. , Ingarsal N.
Published: March 2022

A new class of Indole connected cyanoaminopyrimidine scaffolds were synthesized by Multicomponent single-pot strategy with the reaction of indole-3-carbaldehyde, substituted acetophenone and cyanoguanidine in a basic alcoholic medium. The structural assignments were done for the obtained 2-Cyanoamino-6-aryl-4-(indol-3-yl)-1,2-dihydro-1Hpyrimidines (4a-4f) with the help of 1H,13C NMR, IR and Mass spectral data. The screened in vitro microbial activities of most of the compounds showed moderate to strong anti-microbial potential.
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF TRAMADOL IN BULK AND ITS FORMULATIONS BY UV-SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Akula Ganesh , Sapavatu Srinu Naik , Jadi Rajendra Kumar , Battineni Jainendra Kumar , Boggula Narender
Published: March 2022

The present study describes a simple, accurate, precise and cost-effective UV-Spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Tramadol Hydrochloride, an analgesic, in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The drug was dissolved in double distilled water (used as solvent). Because of cost-effective and minimal maintenance, UV-spectrophotometry is always preferred at small scale industries. The λmax or the absorption maxima of the pure drug was found to be 271nm. A linear response was observed in the range of 30 to 150μg/ml with the regression co-efficient of 0.999. The method was validated for different parameters as per the ICH (International Conference for Harmonization) guidelines. This method can be used for the determination of Tramadol Hydrochloride in quality control of formulation without interference of the excipients. The developed method is simple, precise, rugged, robust, and economical. The method can be used for routine analysis of tramadol from its tablet formulation. The described methods can be readily utilized for analysis of pharmaceutical formulation.
NANOFORMULATIONS OF KARANJ AND NEEM OIL: PHASE EQUILIBRIUM AND LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Jadhav Kartiki B. , Nagarkar Jayashree M.
Published: March 2022

The increasing risk of environmental pollution and health problems in the day-to-day life due to the usage of synthetic pesticides make the role of nanoemulsions very significant. The study is aimed at development of eco-friendly nanoemulsion of non-edible oil such as Karanj oil and Neem oil by using the Tween80 and PEG400 as surfactant and cosurfactant respectively. The phase behaviour of ternary mixtures and nanoformulations was studied by visual observation. The nanoemulsion was found to be stable for the period of one month at 30˚C . The nanoemulsions were characterized by various physicochemical properties such as viscosity, surface tension, pH, droplet size, polydispersity index etc. The Larvicidal activity was studied under 24h of exposure against Aedes agypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvaes. Rheological study shows the pseudoplastic flow behaviour.
FUNCTIONAL ANNOTATION AND NETWORK ANALYSIS OF PROTEIN IN RESPECT WITH DIABETES TARGETING ALOE VERA PLANT COMPOUNDS BY BIOINFORMATICS TOOLS
Authors: Chauhan Jagat , Kumar Mohan , Joshi Chetan , Sharma Sandeep , Sharma Mukesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic condition caused by insulin deficiency or malfunction. Diabetes is a serious human disease that affects people from all walks of life in numerous countries. Aloe vera is known for its magical powers, which include medicine, health, beauty and skin care products. The applications of Aloe vera is in cosmetics and health products, as well as its anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, laxative and anti-atherosclerotic properties. Therefore, the In-silico study is worth mentioning to expand the effective anti-diabetic drugs of this plant. This research aims to discover the network between proteins and biologically active compounds and their functional annotations, cellular pathways, molecular and biological pathways. When using the STRING 9.1 tool to analyze protein-protein interactions, six enrichment pathways were identified in Arabidopsis and other species. According to the results, the CYP proteins of different species in seed plants are very similar to the CYP proteins of other organisms, so they must come from a common ancestor. The data obtained from the chain shows that the number of nodes is 11, the number of edges is 21, and the average node degree is 3.82. The local clustering coefficient is 0.863, the expected number of edges is 10, and the p value of the enriched ppi is 0.00197. The regulatory network analysis found many transcription factors, including FMO2, FMO5, CBR3, CYP3A4, MA OA, CYP2D6, HSD11B1, FMO4, FMO3, MAOB, FMO1, FMO2, FMO5, CBR3, CYP3A 4, CYP2D6, FMO4, FMO3, MAOB, FMO1CBR3, HSD11B1 CYP3A4, CYP2D6, pump, CYPs4ACYPsACYPs4DACYPs (diabetes type 2DDM/5 and PDM) It plays a role in the patient with type 2 diabetes.
CLINICAL USEFULNESS OF AGARICUS BISPORUS AND PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS IN VARIOUS DISEASE STATES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: S. Dargude Namrata , A. Patil Rupali
Published: March 2022

Materia Medica testimony before the time shows evidence of using mushrooms to treat various diseases. Though, the therapeutic and biotechnological potential of mushrooms has yet to be completely explored, mushrooms have long been used as conventional remedy in many countries around the world, and they have confirmed to be an important resource for recent scientific and pharmacological research. Mushrooms are well-known for their use as therapeutic foods for the impediment of a variety of derangements like hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and cancer, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties and can help boost immune system. This review discusses current advances to explore on the pharmacological prospectives and clinical relevance prediction of two varieties of mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus.
MUCOADHESIVE MICROSPHERES OF QUINAPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION VIA ORAL ROUTE: AN APPROACH
Authors: Bhopte Devendra Kumar , Sagar Rakesh , Kori Mohan Lal
Published: March 2022

The objective of the present study is to create a new approach to design and evaluate mucoadhesive microspheres for oral controlled release. The quinapril hydrochloride microspheres with a coat consisting of alginate polymer i.e. sodium alginate in combination of mucoadhesive mineral origin chitin molecule polymer chitosan and galactomannan polymer i.e. guargum were prepared by an ionic gelation process. The microspheres were evaluated for morphological character, particle size, micromeritic properties, percentage entrapment efficiency, Swelling Index, in-vitro wash-off test, in-vitro release studies and in vivo mucoadhesion behavior in albino rabbits. The result of mucoadhesive microspheres were identified spherical and have free flowing properties. The percent of drug loading efficiency was 89.9 to 95.6%. The microspheres showed good mucoadhesive property during the in vitro wash-off test. The drug quinapril hydrochloride released from polymer matrix mucoadhesive system from these was slow and extended over 12 h duration on the composition of coat. Mucoadhesive microspheres provide the capability to adhere on the mucosal tissue of stomach. Quinapril Hydrochloriderelease mucoadhesive pulsatile multiunit dosage forms was found to be slow and extended period of time. The drug discharge ratio was dependent on the composition of polymer and stirring speed used during the formulation. The release of drug was prolonged through the matrix system produced after swelling of polymeric composition of coat within mucoadhesive polymers and sustained drug release up to 12 h duration. The result concluded that prepared mucoadhesive microspheres best suited for oral controlled release of quinapril hydrochloride for the management of hypertension via oral route.
NEW RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF ANTIFUNGAL DRUG ITRACONAZOLE IN ITRACONAZOLE LOADED INVASOMES GEL
Authors: Singh Yogesh , Bhardwaj Anjana
Published: March 2022

A new simple, accurate, rapid, selective and robust high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for estimation of itraconazole (ITZ) in bulk and prepared in house invasomes gel formulation. Acetonitrile and Methanol was used as a mobile phase for chromatographic separation in the ratio of 20mM KH2PO4: Acetonitrile (pH adjusted to 4.0 with OPA) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and estimation on Thermo C18 (250 × 4.6 mm) in the ratio of 50:50 v/v at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection was carried out with UV detector set at 262nm. The retention time for itraconazole was found to be 2.258±0.095 minutes. The linearity range for itraconazole was found to be 5-25 μg/ml with coefficient of linear regression 0.998. The method was validated in accordance with the requirements of International Conference on Harmonization (ICHQ2 A 8 B) guidelines for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD 8 LOQ.
EXTRACTION, ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUND FROM THE LEAVES EXTRACT OF LAGERSTROEMIA PARVIFLORA
Authors: Bharadwaj Namita , Chaturvedi Anjna
Published: March 2022

For thousands of years, natural remedies were the only choice for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Drug development relies heavily on natural products. Natural remedies always have small amount of bioactive natural ingredients. Today, developing effective and selective strategies for extracting and isolating those bioactive natural compounds is critical. Lagerstroemia parviflora (L. parviflora) (Lythraceae) commonly known as Landia in India and Seja in Bundelkhand; is a species widely distributed in almost all moist and dry deciduous tracts of India. In view of its wide distribution, the tree can withstand great variation in climate. The current investigation involves the isolation, structure characterization and prediction of antioxidant compounds from the leaves of L.parviflora. The leaves samples were used for the extraction of plant constituents with methanol by using maceration method. The isolated pure compounds were characterized as (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one by 1H NMR, IR and MASS spectroscopy. The pure compounds obtained from methanol extract of the selected plant species could be a good source of natural antioxidant.
STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS, DAPAGLIFLOZIN AND SAXAGLIPTIN
Authors: Chaudhary Amit , Singh Bhuvnesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

For simultaneous measurement of Dapagliflozin (DAPA) and Saxagliptin (SAXA) in combination, as well as quantification of their major degradation products, a simple reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic technique was devised and validated. The separation was accomplished using an ODS C18 column (250 mm 4.6 mm, i.d.5 m) with isocratic elution at room temperature. The optimum mobile phase consists of an aqueous phase (sodium acetate buffer, pH 4) and an organic phase (acetonitrile: methanol, 40:40) at a ratio of (20:80). The flow rate was set to 1.0 ml min-1, and effluents were measured using a 228 nm diode array detector. This method showed good linearity over a range of 2.0-12 μg ml-1 and 1-6 μg ml-1 for DAPA and SAXA respectively. The retention times of samples were 2.31 and 2.90 minutes for DAPA and SAXA respectively. According to the International Conference Harmonization (ICH) criteria, the drugs in combination were submitted to different stress degradation studies. The suggested approach is appropriate for stability investigations, according to the results of the stress degradation experiments. The proposed method was simple, rapid and precise for the study of a new formulation that has been approved for the cure of diabetes mellitus.