bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KARAKTERISASI KARBON AKTIF TERAKTIVASI NaCl DARI AMPAS TAHU
Authors: Hartini, Eny Yulianti, Rif’atul Mahmudah Lilik , Yulianti Eny , Mahmudah Rif'atul
Published: November 2015

Ampas tahu merupakan residu proses pembuatan tahu. Ampas tahu yang dihasilkan dalam proses pembuatan tahu cukup melimpah. Pemanfaatan ampas tahu selama ini dapat digunakan sebagai pakan ternak dan tempe gembos. Alternatif lain untuk memanfaatkan ampas tahu  adalah dengan  menjadikannya sebagai bahan dasar  dalam pembuatan karbon aktif karena kandungan serat ampas tahu berkisar 50 %. Proses pembuatan karbon aktif dalam penelitian ini melalui 4 tahapan yaitu proses pengeringan ampas tahu selama 7 hari di bawah terik  matahari, proses aktivasi kimia menggunakan aktivator larutan NaCl dengan variasi konsentrasi 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25 %, proses karbonisasi ampas tahu teraktivasi NaCl pada suhu 500  dan pencucian karbon aktif dari ampas tahu dengan menggunakan HCl 1 M. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi aktivator terhadap luas permukaan karbon aktif dari ampas tahu menggunakan metode adsorpsi methylene blue dan dilanjutkan uji ANOVA one way dan uji LSD (Least Significance Different) dengan taraf uji 1 %. Hasil karbon aktif yang mempunyai luas permukaan terbaik pada adsorpsi methylene blue dan berbeda nyata dari hasil uji LSD dilakukan analisis morfologi dan analisis komposisi unsur-unsur yang terkandung pada permukaan dengan menggunakan SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi konsentrasi NaCl sebagai aktivator berpengaruh terhadap luas permukaan karbon aktif. Luas permukaan terbaik dihasilkan saat diaktivasi dengan aktivator larutan NaCl 10 % adalah  18,9358 . Analisis SEM menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif teraktivasi NaCl 10 % pori-pori  yang terbentuk lebih banyak dan membentuk rongga-rongga pori-pori dengan kedalaman yang lebih besar bila dibandingkan dengan karbon aktif teraktivasi NaCl 0 %.  Hasil analisis EDX  menunjukkan bahwa komposisi unsur yang berada pada permukaan karbon aktif teraktivasi NaCl 10 % meliputi unsur C 88,90 %, unsur O 10,08 %, unsur Al 0,36 %, unsur Mg 0,16 % dan unsur Ca 0,50 % sedangkan komposisi unsur yang berada pada permukaan karbon aktif teraktivasi NaCl 0 % meliputi unsur C  87,38 %, unsur O 10,31 %, unsur Mg 0,77 % dan unsur Ca 1,54 %.
UJI FITOKIMIA DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL TANAMAN KESEMBUKAN (Paederia foetida Linn.) DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST
Authors: Sukmawati Datin An Nisa , Hayati Elok Kamilah , Muti'ah Roihatul
Published: November 2015

Tanaman Kesembukan (Paederia foetida L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman dari suku Rubiaceae (kopi-kopian) yang telah digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai obat sariawan, obat demam, sesak nafas, obat tekanan darah tinggi, rematik dan herpes. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat toksisitas masing-masing ekstrak tanaman Kesembukan terhadap larva udang Artemia salina L. dan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa yang terkandung dalam masing-masing ekstrak tanaman kesembukan.

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengekstraksi sampel menggunakan pelarut etanol, kloroform dan n-heksana. Ekstrak pekat yang diperoleh digunakan untuk uji toksisitas terhadap larva udang Artemia salina L. dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (Meyer, et al., 1982) dan untuk uji fitokimia dengan reagen. Senyawa dari hasil uji fitokimia diidentifikasi menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis dengan beberapa eluen untuk mengetahui eluen yang terbaik. Data kematian larva udang Artemia salina L. dianalisis dengan analisis probit untuk mengetahui nilai LC50 pada masing-masing ekstrak.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing ekstrak tanaman Kesembukan (Paederia foetida L.) memiliki tingkat toksisitas terhadap larva udang Artemia salina L.yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai LC50 kurang dari 1000 ppm. Nilai LC50 masing-masing ekstrak etanol, kloroform dan n-heksana adalah 226,787; 482,014; dan 146,181 ppm. Kandungan senyawa hasil uji fitokimia menggunakan reagen untuk masing-masing ekstrak tanaman Kesembukan adalah golongan senyawa steroid. Eluen terbaik untuk pemisahan senyawa pada ekstrak etanol adalah n-heksana : etil asetat (8:2) dengan nilai Rf= 0,22 dan 0,48. Pada ekstrak kloroform adalah n-heksana : etil asetat (7:3) dengan nilai Rf= 0,32; 0,45; 0,59; 0,63; 0,82; 0,85; 0,87 dan 0,94. Pada ekstrak n-heksana adalah n-heksana : etil asetat (8:2) dengan nilai Rf= 0,12; 0,38 dan 0,41.
Periodontal Conditions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Patients Under Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy From a Metropolitan Area of Rio De Janeiro
Authors: Diniz Barreto Luis Paulo , Melo dos Santos Marcela , Gomes Bruno da Silva , Lamas Cristiane da Cruz , Silva Denise Gomes da , Silva‐Boghossian Carina Maciel , Soares Léo Guimarães , Vieira Falabella Marcio Eduardo
Published: November 2015

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the periodontal status and the presence of opportunistic oral lesions in human immunodeficiency virus–positive (HIV+) patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and their association with cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ and CD4+ nadir T‐cell counts and viral load levels.

Methods: Clinical periodontal parameters and the presence of opportunistic oral lesions along with records of CD4+ counts and viral load levels were evaluated in 29 individuals (16 females; mean age: 42.7 years) with previous serologic diagnosis of HIV, from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome program of the Health Center of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Results: All individuals presented gingivitis or periodontitis. A higher non‐significant prevalence of periodontitis was found in smokers (93.8%) compared with non‐smokers (76.9%). A significant weak positive correlation was observed between CD4+ counts and missing teeth (ρ = 0.380, P <0.05), CD4+ nadir and periodontal diagnosis (ρ = 0.418, P <0.005), and CD4+ nadir and moderate probing depth (PD) (ρ = 0.424, P <0.05). When only non‐smokers were analyzed, a significant moderate positive association was found between viral load and moderate clinical attachment level (CAL) (ρ = 0.638, P <0.05), CD4+ nadir and diagnosis (ρ = 0.586, P <0.05), and CD4+ nadir and moderate CAL (ρ = 0.680, P <0.05). Analysis considering only smokers found no correlations between serologic parameters and demographic or clinical parameters.

Conclusions: The current investigation demonstrates that HIV+ individuals under HAART presents a high prevalence of mild to moderate periodontal disease. Viral load levels, CD4+ nadir, and CD4+ counts may present a weak to moderate correlation to the number of missing teeth, periodontal diagnosis, moderate PD, and moderate CAL, which may also reflect some effect of these systemic conditions on the periodontal status.
Effect of Surgical Intervention for Removal of Mandibular Third Molar on Periodontal Healing of Adjacent Mandibular Second Molar: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Barbato Luigi , Kalemaj Zamira , Buti Jacopo , Baccini Michela , La Marca Michele , Duvina Marco , Tonelli Paolo
Published: November 2015

Background: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate and synthesize scientific evidence on the effect of surgical interventions for removal of mandibular third molar (M3M) on periodontal healing of adjacent mandibular second molar (M2M).

Methods: The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) as CRD42012003059. Medline, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were interrogated to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to December 22, 2014. Patients with M3Ms fully developed, unilaterally or bilaterally impacted, were considered. Outcomes were clinical attachment level gain (CALg) and probing depth reduction (PDr) with a follow‐up ≥6 months. Patient‐subjective outcomes, such as pain, discomfort, and complications, and financial aspects and chair time, were also explored. A Bayesian network meta‐analysis model was used to estimate direct and indirect effects and to establish a ranking of treatments.

Results: Sixteen RCTs were included and categorized into four groups investigating the following: 1) regenerative/grafting procedures (10 RCTs); 2) flap design (three RCTs); 3) type of suturing (one RCT); and 4) periodontal care of M2M (two RCTs). Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with resorbable (GTRr) and non‐resorbable (GTRnr) membrane and GTRr with anorganic xenograft (GTRr + AX) showed the highest mean ranking for CALg (2.99, 90% credible interval [CrI] = 1 to 5; 2.80, 90% CrI = 1 to 6; and 2.29, 90% CrI = 1 to 6, respectively) and PDr (2.83, 90% CrI = 1 to 5; 2.52, 90% CrI = 1 to 5; and 2.77, 90% CrI = 1 to 6, respectively). GTRr + AX showed the highest probability (Pr) of being the best treatment for CALg (Pr = 45%) and PDr (Pr = 32%). Direct and network quality of evidence were rated from very low to moderate.

Conclusions: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present review is the first one to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the effect of different interventions on periodontal healing distal to the second molar after extraction of the third molar. GTR‐based procedures with or without combined grafting therapies provide some adjunctive clinical benefit compared to standard non‐regenerative/non‐grafting procedures. However, the overall low quality of evidence suggests a low degree of confidence and certainty in treatment effects. Evidence on variations of surgical M3M removal techniques based on flap design, type of suturing, and periodontal care of M2M is limited both qualitatively and quantitatively.
ANALYSIS OF DEFECTS IN THE MEDICAL CARE WITH COMBINED TRAUMA
Authors: Maksimov A. V.
Published: November 2015

Analyzing the cases of deaths of combined trauma. Structure, frequency and main causes of diagnostic and therapeutic errors at the pre-hospital and in-hospital stage of rendering of medical aid. According to the conducted research, developed the method of expert analysis of defects medical care with combined trauma, depending on the immediate cause of death.
RESEARCH MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RIBS IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE BIOLOGICAL PROFILE
Authors: Dolgov A. A. , Abramov A. S. , Veselkova D. V. , Romanko N. A.
Published: November 2015

This article is devoted to determining the biological profile for the sternal end of the ribs. The analysis is widely used abroad techniques, allowing to determine the age, as well as the results of the original observations. The article also presents statistical data suggest that the same objects that are used to determine the age, are suitable for sex determination. All observations were made by the original observations.
IDENTIFYING FEATURES OF THE DEFECTS OF HEALTH CARE IN TERAPEVTICHE-TION PRACTICE IN A NUMBER OF PULMONARY AND CARDIAC SPECIALTIES
Authors: Kosuhina O. I. , Suhareva M. A. , Barinov E. N.
Published: November 2015

The article describes dynamics of forensic medical examinations on cases of doctors of therapeutic specialities. Special attention is paid to examinations on cases of cardiologists and pulmonologists. Studying archival documents we determined the peculiarities of defects of delivery of health care in a number of cardiologic and pulmonologic specialities.
PARTICULAR FEATURES OF USING OF UNIFIED POST-MORTEM CHANGES REGISTRATION CARD IN THE WORK OF FORENSIC MEDICAL EXPERTS DURING DEATH SCENE INVESTIGATION
Authors: Butovskii D. I.
Published: November 2015

This article deals with important aspects of investigational algorithm on the death scene. Paragraphs of developed unified post-mortem changes registration card are described. In this article was made data analysis about efficiency of using unified post-mortem changes registration card in the work of the department of forensic medical experts on duty of Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of Moscow.
CLASSIFICATION OF CRANIAL TRAUMA. Chapter I.
Authors: Lichterman L. B.
Published: November 2015

In first chapter of article observed history of origin of first sign’s classification’s attempts due to the quantity of cranial trauma in early ages of civilization. Necessity of changing structure of cranial trauma’s causes in modern times due to dissemination of early unknown and little known forms of cranial trauma. The cause-effect relationship, which refers on necessarity of rework of basic propositions of cranial trauma classification, was described.
FORENSIC AND LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICAL APPLYING OF MEDICAL CRITERIA OF BODIES INJURIES IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Klevno V. A. , Simonova I. S.
Published: November 2015

In this article was generalized experience of application of medical criteria of bodies injury in forensic and law enforcement practice in Russian Federation. Observed data analysis about accounting of crimes and administrative offences, associated with bodies injuries infliction, which prescribed in chapters 111 (p. 1–3), 112, 115, 116 and 264 (p. 1–2) of Criminal Code of Russian Federation and administrative offences, prescribed in chapters 12.24 and 12.30 (p. 2) of Code Of Administrative Offences Of The Russian Federation. Also in this article is statistical data about quantity of persons, being convicted for offences (crimes and administrative offences), associated with inflicting of bodies injury with determinated degree.
CALCULATION AND EVALUATION OF ERRORS FOR IDENTIFICATION PARAMETERS USING METHOD OF CONTRAST COUNTORING OF IATROGENIC INTERVENTIONS ON DIGITAL PANORAMIC X-RAYS
Authors: Kostenko Ye. Ya. , Klevno R. V. , Goncharuk-Khomyn M. Yu.
Published: November 2015

The article represents the results of experimental calculations of error ratio of vector models of digital panoramic X-rays photos using method of contrast trace contour for dental interventions during person identification. The calculations were performed on 112 patients’ panoramic X-ray photos in digital scale ratios of 1:1, 1:1,25, 1:1,32 with calculation levels of relative and absolute errors. Theoretically proved the effectiveness of the method of contrast trace contour in the three experimental groups by mathematically calculating the deviation of mean quadratic values of the coordinates of each test contour.
FORENSIC DIAGNOSIS IN EXPERT PRACTICE
Authors: Klevno V. A. , Kuchuk C. A. , Lysenko O. V.
Published: November 2015

The article is devoted to forensic medical diagnosis in expert practice. Experience mapping clinical and forensic diagnoses accumulated in the Bureau of forensic medical examination of the Moscow region, allows authors to give their own definition of forensic medical diagnosis as an independent definition, its role and place in the expert and forensic-medical examination of the corpse.
DEATH FROM BEE’S VENOM POISONING AS A RESULT OF MULTIPLY BEE’S STING WITH PRESENCE OF SEVERE CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA
Authors: Karlin I. M. , Karlina O. V.
Published: November 2015

This article deals with forensic evaluation of lethal case as a result of multiple bees’ stings. Presence of severe craniocerebral trauma with skull’s fracture and cerebral contusion, which duration was about 3–4 days, don’t lead to deadly complications and was evaluated as concomitant disease.
Polypropylene woven fabric: A good mulch material for young rubber plants
Authors: George Sherin , Idicula Sabu P. , Joseph Kochutresiamma
Published: November 2015

In young rubber   plantations, dry leaf, coco tree mat, polypropylene woven fabric and coir   pith were evaluated as agricultural mulch materials for their influence on   soil moisture conservation, weed control, soil temperature and microflora,   plant growth and durability in two field experiments. The experiments were   conducted in a drought susceptible clone (RRII 105) and a comparatively   drought tolerant clone (RRII 430) at Chimoni Estate, Thrissur district, a   drought-prone area in Kerala. The effects of different treatments were   similar in both the experiments irrespective of clones. Though dry leaf and   coir pith were effective in soil moisture conservation, they remained in the   field for one season only and failed to control weeds during rainy season.   Coco tree mat conserved moisture and also smothered weeds in plant basins. However,   it remained in the field for almost one year only before it was completely   decomposed. Polypropylene woven fabric improved soil moisture retention, as   well as suppressed weed growth and was found durable. Though mulching reduced   the adverse effects of summer, significant impact on soil microflora and   plant growth was not manifested. Polypropylene woven fabric appears to be a   good alternative mulch material for Hevea.
Política editorial
Authors: Em Questão Comissão Editorial
Published: November 2015

Política editorial
Techno-functional properties of pea (Pisum sativum) protein isolates: A review
Authors: Barac Miroljub , Pesic Mirjana , Stanojevic Sladjana , Kostic Aleksandar , Cabrilo Slavica
Published: November 2015

Due to high nutritive quality, good techno-functional properties and low
cost, legume protein products are becoming the most appropriate alternative
to protein products of animal origin. In food industries, these products are
usually used as techno-functional additives which provide specific
characteristics of final food products. Legume proteins are commonly used as
flour, concentrates, and isolates. The greatest application on industrial
scale has soy proteins, and to a lesser extent, in the past 20 years, pea
protein isolates. The modest use of pea protein is partly a result of
insufficient information relating to their techno-functional properties. This
paper is an overview of techno-functional properties of pea proteins and
their isolates. Also, the paper deals with the possible use of limited
enzymatic hydrolysis as a method for the improvement of their
techno-functional properties.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of two-sided lid-driven flow in deep cavities
Authors: Lukic Natasa , Tekic Predrag , Radjenovic Jelena , Sijacki Ivana
Published: November 2015

The present study is concerned with two-sided lid-driven incompressible flow
in rectangular, deep cavities applying lattice Boltzmann method. After
validating the code for the square cavity, solutions for cavities with an
aspect ratio 1.5 and 4 were obtained for the Reynolds numbers of 100, 400,
1000 and 3200. The influence of the Reynolds number and aspect ratio on the
flow pattern and on the characteristics of vortices inside the cavity was
studied. Symmetric flow pattern was obtained for all investigated cases. The
middle of the cavity is mostly influenced by the increase in the aspect
ratio. Critical aspect ratio, at which the birth of a primary vortex in the
middle of the cavity takes place, was determined to be between 2.7 and 2.725.
Influence of ionic strength on the rheological properties of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose-sodium dodecylsulfate mixtures
Authors: Katona Jaroslav , Tomsik Alena , Bucko Sandra , Petrovic Lidija
Published: November 2015

Mixtures of polymers and surfactants are commonly found in a range of
products of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industry. Interaction between
polymers and surfactants influences different properties of these products,
e.g. stability, flow properties, phase behavior, etc. It is known from
previous work that an interaction in binary mixtures of hydroxypropylmethyl
cellulose (HPMC) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) takes place when SDS
concentration (CSDS.) is higher than the critical association concentration
(CAC) and lower than the polymer saturation point (PSP). The interaction
results in the formation of an HPMC-SDS complex. The objective of this work
was to study the effect of the ionic strength on the HPMC-SDS complex
formation by rheological investigation. The HPMC/SDS mixtures composed of
0.70 % wt. HPMC, and 0.00 % to 2.50 % wt. SDS were prepared in deionized
water, 0.01M and 0.05M NaCl solution. It was found that an increase in the
ionic strength influences the HPMC-SDS complex formation by increasing the
zero shear viscosity of the mixtures in the interaction region
(CAC<CSDSPSP.
The HPMC/SDS mixtures showed a shear thinning or a shear thickening flow
properties depending on CSDS. The flow properties were influenced by the
ionic strength of the mixtures.
Chromatographic lipophilicity as a predictor of antiproliferative activity of 17-picolyl and 17-picolinylidene androstane derivatives toward prostate cancer
Authors: Kovacevic Strahinja , Podunavac-Kuzmanovic Sanja , Jevric Lidija , Djurendic Evgenija , Ajdukovic Jovana , Jovanov Pavle
Published: November 2015

The present study describes the quantitative retention - (anticancer)
activity relationship analysis of a series of 17-picolyl and
17-picolinylidene androstane derivatives based on the chromatographic data
obtained by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography
(C18-RP-HPLC) in a mobile phase consisting of 90% of methanol and 10% of
water. The obtained retention factor or chromatographic lipophilicity factor
(logk0.90) was correlated with the antiproliferative activity of studied
compounds (IC50) toward androgen-receptor negative prostate cancer cell line
(AR-neg. PC-3). Correlation analysis was carried out by applying non-linear
artificial neural networks (ANNs) method. Statistical validation showed that
the obtained ANNs can successfully predict the IC50 values of structurally
similar androstane derivatives.
Estimation of chromatographic lipophilicity of some D-homo androstene derivatives
Authors: Perisic-Janjic Nada , Penov-Gasi Katarina , Djurendic Evgenija , Savic Marina , Kovacevic Strahinja , Jokic Stela , Podunavac-Kuzmanovic Sanja
Published: November 2015

Quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) method was applied to
study the chromatographic behaviour of D-homo-androstene derivatives 1-7.
Retention constants (RM 0) of the analysed derivatives were determined by
reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (RP HPTLC) on C18
plates by using four mobile phase mixtures: methanol-water, acetone-water,
acetonitrile-water, and dioxane-water. Correlation analysis based on multiple
regression method was applied in order to model chromatographic retention by
means of nine different lipophilicity descriptors (logP). The developed QSRR
models were cross-validated and high-quality validation parameters were
obtained by leave-one-out method. It was found that the derived QSRR models
have a good predictive ability.
Carboxylation of sodium 2-naphthoxide. Reinvestigation of the mechanism by means of a hybrid meta density functional theory method
Authors: Djurovic Igor , Markovic Svetlana , Markovic Zoran
Published: November 2015

Aromatic hydroxy acids, the compounds of large industrial importance, can be
prepared in the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction, i.e. a carboxylation reaction of
alkali metal phenoxides (MOPh) and naphthoxides (MONaph). On the basis of the
experimental results two contradictory reaction mechanisms have been
proposed: the one of direct carboxylation, and the other involving initial
formation of the MOPh-CO2 or MONaph-CO2 complex. Previous theoretical
investigations of the carboxylation reaction of sodium 2-naphthoxide,
performed by means of the B3LYP method, confirmed the initial formation of
the NaONaph-CO2 complex, and showed that the carbon of the CO2 moiety
performs an electrophilic attack at C1 of the ring, leading to the formation
of sodium 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoate (E1). Surprisingly, transition states for
possible electrophilic attacks at C3 and C6 were not revealed, and the
formation of other two products (E3 and E6) was explained by a number of
consecutive rearrangements. In addition, this mechanism includes a reaction
step with rather high activation energy. Since more sophisticated functionals
are today available, the aim of this work is to reinvestigate the mechanism
of the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction of NaONaph in all three positions (1, 3, and
6). Our investigations with the M062X method demonstrated that CO2 and
NaONaph can spontaneously build two complexes: B (the one previously
reported) and C. While B cannot be further transformed to yield the reaction
products, the CO2 moiety in C takes perfect position for electrophilic
attacks at all three sites of the ring. These attacks are realized via the
transition states TS1, which lead to the formation of the new C-C bonds, and
corresponding intermediates D. In the next, bimolecular reaction step two D
intermediates exchange the protons adjacent to the CO2 groups. These
intermolecular reaction steps require significantly lower activation energies
in comparison to the intramolecular proton shift from C to O. The
carboxylation reaction in the position 6 is both kinetically and
thermodynamically unfavourable, whereas the pathways in the positions 1 and 3
are competitive. Pathway 1 requires the lowest activation energies, but E3 is
significantly more stable than other two products. In accord with these
findings are the experimental results which show that, at very low
temperature (293 K) only E1 is formed at low yield, whereas the yields of E3
and E6 increase with the increasing temperature. Since the Kolbe-Schmitt
reaction is experimentally performed at relatively high temperatures (around
500 K), the main product is thermodynamically most stable E6.
Optimal shape of a column with clamped-elastically supported ends positioned on elastic foundation
Authors: Novakovic Branislava
Published: November 2015

We determine optimal shape of an elastic column positioned on elastic
foundation of Winkler type. The Euler-Bernoulli model of beam is considered.
The column is loaded by a compressive force and has one clamped end and the
other elastically supported end. In deriving the optimality conditions, the
Pontryagin?s principle was used. The optimality conditions for the case of
bimodal optimization are derived. Optimal cross-sectional area is obtained
from the solution of a non-linear boundary value problem. A first integral
(Hamiltonian) is used to monitor accuracy of integration. This system is
solved by using standard Math CAD procedure. New numerical results are
obtained.
Investigation of the turbulent swirl flow in pipe generated by axial fans using PIV and LDA methods
Authors: Cantrak Djordje , Jankovic Novica , Ilic Dejan
Published: November 2015

In this paper is presented experimental investigation of the turbulent swirl
flow in pipe generated by axial fans. Two various models of industrial axial
fans are used. One of these is axial fan W30, model AP 400, Minel, Serbia and
has seven blades and outer diameter 0.397m. Second axial fan SP30 is model
TGT/2-400-6, S&P, Spain, has six blades and outer diameter 0.386m. This
results with greater clearance in the second case. Blades were adjusted for
both fans at the angle of 30? at the outer diameter. Test rig length is
27.74-D, where D is average inner diameter app. 0.4 m. Measurements are
performed in two measuring sections downstream the axial fans (z/D = 3.35
and z/D = 26.31) with one-component laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) system and
stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV). Obtained Reynolds numbers,
calculated on the basis of the average axial velocity (Um) in the first
measuring section are for fan SP30 Re = 226757, while for fan W30 Re =
254010. Integral flow parameters are determined such as average circulation
and swirl number. Significant downstream axial velocity transformation occurs
for both fans, while circumferential velocity is decreased, but
non-dimensional velocity profile remains the same. Circumferential velocity
distribution for both fans in the central zone corresponds to the solid body,
while in r/R > 0.4, where D = 2R, distribution is more uniform. Radial
velocity in the case of fan SP30 has almost zero values in the measuring
section z/D = 3.35, while its values are significantly increased in the
downstream section with the maximum in the vortex core region. On the
contrary radial velocity decreases downstream for fan W30 and has also
maximum value in the vortex core region for both measuring sections. Level of
turbulence, skewness and flatness factors are calculated on the basis of the
experimental data. The highest levels of turbulence for circumferential
velocity are reached in the vortex core region for both fans. It is shown how
statistical moments of the third and fourth order differ from the values for
normal Gaussian distribution. In this paper are also analyzed velocity fields
by use of SPIV.
Impact of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure on Physical Therapy Utilization for Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Secondary Analysis of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Data
Authors: Dolot Janet , Viola Deborah , Shi Qiuhu , Hyland Matthew
Published: November 2015

Background

Physical therapy decreases low back pain, improves function, and may lead to decreased use of medical services. However, factors predicting physical therapy utilization for patients with low back pain are not well understood.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of out-of-pocket expenditure on physical therapy utilization for US adults with nonspecific low back pain.

Design

This study was a secondary analysis of retrospective Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data.

Methods

The participants were US adults with nonspecific low back pain. The outcome variable was the number of visits per episode of care. The research variable was out-of-pocket expenditure. Covariate variables were Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) component scores. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses were performed.

Results

Three hundred fourteen adults met the inclusion criteria and submitted SF-12 scores, representing nearly 4 million adults. Out-of-pocket expenditure, physical component score, and the age-insurance category “18–64 years with public coverage only for all of the year or uninsured all of the year” negatively predicted visits per episode of care in the final regression model.

Limitations

Limitations of the study included use of a nonexperimental design, lack of information about symptom severity and content of physical therapy, and SF-12 scores were not taken coincidental with the episode of care.

Conclusions

Out-of-pocket expenditure negatively predicts physical therapy utilization. More research is needed to identify all factors influencing physical therapy utilization so that effective health policies may be developed.
Diurnal Wind Characteristics in and around Chisapani Confluence of Karnali River in Mid-Western Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Sangeeta , Regmi Ram P.
Published: November 2015

The mountain gap flow characteristics in and around the Chisapani mountain gap of Karnali River basin has been numerically simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to understand its spatial and temporal characteristics and its implications. The model was initialized with NCEP initial and boundary conditions to carry continuous integrations 168 long hours to identify the general flow field during early springtime. The river valley accumulates channels and flushes a narrow jet stream of about 10 ms-1 in speed and 500 m in its depth into the vast southern plain via Chisapani mountain gap during night and morning time whereas in the afternoon, the mountain feeds up-valley wind of about 4 ms-1 from the southern plain up into the Karnali River basin.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 1-5
Estimation of Parameters of Inflated Poisson-Lindley Distribution for Adult Out-migration
Authors: Singh Brijesh P. , Singh Naraj K. , Dixit Shweta
Published: November 2015

The aim of this paper is to study the distribution of adult migrants from the household. The inflated Poisson-Lindley distribution is found to be a suitable model to describe this distribution. The parameters of this distribution have been estimated by two methods and suitability of model is checked by using real data sets. Findings may help planners and policy makers for designing more effective and reasonable policies.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 6-10
Antioxidant, Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Extract of Bauhinia variegata Barks
Authors: Sharma Khaga Raj , Kalauni Surya Kant , Awale Suresh
Published: November 2015

Bauhinia variegata is well-known medicinal plant used from the ancient era to till date for their medicinal values. The methanolic extract of Bauhinia variegata barks was screened for phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, phytotoxic and microbial activity. The microbial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi at different concentration of 10, 15 and 20 mg/mL by agar well diffusion method. The plant extract showed the potent antimicrobial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilic and Escherichia coli with zone of inhibition 14 mm, 12mm, 14mm and 11mm respectively. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed that the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the plant materials is due to the presence of active secondary metabolites. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay the IC50 value of Bauhinia variegata was found to be 6.48±0.08 ?g/mL, while the IC50 value of the reference standard ascorbic acid was 45.93?g/mL. The extract of Bauhinia variegata, contains high value of phenolic (156.30±0.3 mg GAE/gm) and flavonoid (16.04±1.4 mg QE/gm) content exhibited the high antioxidant activity. The in-vitro phytotoxic bioassay showed 65%, 40%, and 25% growth regulation at just higher conc. of 1000, 100 and 10 ?g/mL with number of fronds 07, 12 and 15 respectively with respect to standard drug Paraquat of concentration 0.015?g/mL.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 37-41
Numerical Reconstruction of the Masina Lekh Hailstorm Event
Authors: Regmi Ram P.
Published: November 2015

The atmospheric conditions leading to the hailstorm over the Mt. Masina Lekh (~1800 m) and its immediate surroundings has been numerically simulated by implementing the Advance Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling system. The distribution of cloud water-mixing ratio and numerical sounding profiles strongly suggest massive scale hailstorm in and around the Mt. Masina Lekh. The atmosphere over the area was fully saturated with cloud-water mixing ratio exceeding 1.42 g kg-1and the temperature at the top of the Mt. Masina Lekh (~800 hPa) remained close to the freezing and decreased quickly to freezing aloft and reached to -22°C at the top of the cloud around 550 hPa. The massive scale vertical convection induced by the Mt. Masina Lekh appears to be one of the main reasons for the occurrences of frequent and localized severe hailstorms over the area.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 49-53
Inverse Gaussian Model to Describe the Distribution of Age Specific Fertility Rates of Nepal
Authors: Gaire Arjun Kumar , Aryal Roshan
Published: November 2015

This paper attempts to formulate Inverse Gaussian probability model to describe the distribution of the age specific fertility rates among Nepalese mothers. The average age of child bearing has been found to be 26.12 years whereas child bearing starts at the age of 15.82 years. Estimated total fertility rate (TFR) has been found to be 2.60 against the observed value of 2.6 per woman. The coefficient of determination and chi-square values suggest that the model found to be good fit to the Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys data. Findings may help researchers and policy makers for applying the model in order to obtain the descriptive statistics for policy interventions.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 80-83
Electrodynamics of the Low-latitude Thermosphere by Comparison of Zonal Neutral Winds and Equatorial Plasma Bubble Velocity
Authors: Chapagain Narayan P.
Published: November 2015

The coincident observations of nighttime thermospheric zonal neutral winds and equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) drift velocities over Brazil during the October–December,2009 and 2010 are used to examine the coupling relationship between the thermosphere and ionosphere. The EPB zonal drift velocities are estimated using the airglow images recorded by optical imaging system, while the neutral winds are measured by using a bi-static Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) experiment deployed at two stations from Brazil. The results reveal the similar pattern in the EPB drift velocities and zonal neutral winds motion during the nighttime and night-to-night thereby illustrating a fully developed F-region dynamo. However, background natural winds also exceed EPBs velocities especially during the development phase of EPBs illustrating that F-region dynamo is not fully activated.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 84-89
Ethno-genetics of AIM1 gene relating to Human Skin Pigmentation among Six Indigenous Nationalities in Nepal
Authors: Singh Nanda Bahadur
Published: November 2015

This paper attempts to find out allele frequencies of AIM1 gene among six ethnic groups in Nepal by detecting a total number of 456 blood and nail samples through an allele specific PCR amplification. The research findings revealed that the AIM1 codon L374F polymorphism distinctively showed conspicuous ethnic distribution of the two alleles; namely allele “F” was found mostly high (11.4%) in the Caucasoid Chidimar and rarely low (1.1%) in the Dravidian Munda whereas Mongoloid Chepang, Gurung, Raute and Thakali entirely lacked the “F” allele and showed the monomorphic type for the “L” allele. The codon L374F could be the best genetic marker for distinguishing Caucasian populations from Mongoloid ones and would explain the ethno-genomics of human skin coloration among many ethnic groups in the world.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 90-93
Vibrational Properties Calculation of Various Modeled Bacteriochlorophyll-a Molecules
Authors: Acharya Dhaniram , Lamichhane Hari Prasad
Published: November 2015

Density functional theory has been used to calculate normal mode infrared stretching vibrational frequencies and intensities of neutral as well as cationic modeled bacteriochlorophyll molecules. For bacteriochlorophyll-a, the calculated IR absorption band position for neutral and cation states of Bchl-a1 and Bchl-a2 structures have well matched with the published experimental results. Bacteriochlorophyll models having 133-ester C=O and 131-keto C=O have both symmetric as well as antisymmetric vibration in neutral state. Symmetric mode of vibration has higher frequency and lower intensity whereas antisymmetric mode has slightly lower in frequency and higher in intensity. However, in cation formation, the 131-keto and 133-ester vibrations decoupled and 131-keto mode has higher frequency having intensity nearly double than that of 133-ester C=O mode. This observation of frequency upshift and IR intensity change of various carbonyl groups of Bacteriochlorophyll-a4 model molecule upon cation formation is a strong reasoning to explain the experimental difference spectra of bacteriochlorophyll-a dimer in purple bacteria reaction centre (Leonhard & Mantele, 1993, Breton et al. 1999).Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 94-100
Parameter Estimation of Inverse Rayleigh Distribution under Competing Risk Model for Masked data
Authors: Panwar M.S. , Sudhir Bapat Akanshya , Bundel Rashmi , Tomer Sanjeev K.
Published: November 2015

This paper tries to derive maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) for the parameters of the inverse Rayleigh distribution (IRD) when the observed data is masked. MLEs, asymptotic confidence intervals (ACIs) and boot-p confidence intervals (boot-p CIs) for the lifetime parameters have been discussed. The simulation illustrations provided that as the sample size increases the estimated value approaches to the true value, and the mean square error decreases with the increase in sample size, and mean square error increases with increase in level of masking, the ACIs are always symmetric and the boot-p CIs approaches to symmetry as the sample size increases whereas the mean life time due to the local spread of the disease is less than that due to the metastasis spread in case of real data set.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 122-127
A Comparative Study on Classification of Image Pixels
Authors: Ghimire Santosh
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we perform the comparison between the classification method introduced by Ghimire-Wang and the classification method developed by Liao-Akritas in many images. We show that in all the considered images, the method introduced by Ghimire-Wang works better than the method of Liao-Akritas.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 128-135
Culture Constraints of High-Speed Rail in the United States
Authors: Chen Zhenhua
Published: November 2015

The development of high-speed rail (HSR) infrastructure in the United States faces a great challenge given concerns of economic viability and political complexity. However, an in-depth investigation reveals that some of these challenges and complexities regarding high-speed rail mobility can be elucidated by historical and cultural characteristics that affect daily behavior, lifestyle, and public attitudes in U.S. society. This essay discusses the debate on the U.S. high-speed rail development policy from the perspective of American exceptionalism. Through an exploration of the four traits of American exceptionalism, the essay argues that the stagnation of U.S. federal high-speed rail initiatives can be explained by U.S. cultural constraints: individualism, antistatism, populism, and egalitarianism. Unless more solid evidence is provided to convince the public about the benefits of HSR mobility, the HSR debate is likely to continue in the United States.
Chronicling Quicksilver's Anthropogenic Cycle
Authors: Egan Michael
Published: November 2015

The advent of the October 2013 Minimata Convention serves as an opportune moment to consider the long and complex historical relationship between humans and mercury. The Minamata Convention constitutes a binding agreement designed to reduce risks associated with mercury pollution and eliminate mercury's global trade. Nevertheless, mercury's environmental hazards persist, thanks to the element's biogeochemical cycle, which moves mercury through the environment. This paper offers a biographical sketch of mercury's place in human history, while stressing the historical importance of the motility of chemical hazards, noting that anthropogenic forces have irreversibly transformed mercury's 'natural' processes.
From Poison to Carcinogen: Towards a Global History of Concerns about Benzene
Authors: Sellers Christopher
Published: November 2015

Benzene's history resembles that of many another substance discovered, industrially exploited, and then increasingly regulated across the world over the last two centuries of the chemical industry's development. This paper connects the evolving patterns of its production, use, and oversight through the twentieth century to a certain transformation in the understanding of its effects on human health. Early on, when only some of benzene's health effects were known, it came to be regulated as a 'poison'. But then benzene emerged as one of a handful of widely used substances known to cause cancer in the second half of the twentieth century. During this period standards for proving carcinogenicity were undergoing change and being debated within the international community. At the same time, support strengthened for a more restrictive and precautionary approach to benzene, at least in many parts of the world. It became the first chemically defined hazard in the post-WWII period to receive its own 'convention', or recommendation for national legislation, from the International Labor Organization (ILO) in 1971. The changing concerns about benzene's effects on the human body in four locations - Europe, the United States, China, and Mexico - suggest some implications for a more genuinely transnational and global history of worries about environmental chemicals. Similarly, this article demonstrates that global environmental historians need to pay more attention to health and medical history; that the 'global' passage from poison to carcinogen has only been partial; and that this narrative has faltered especially in developing or partly developed parts of the world.
Hot Air: The Science and Politics of CO
2
Authors: Soentgen Jens
Published: November 2015

CO
2
is not a simple, immediately graspable substance like water, salt, or mercury. It has to be conceptually and instrumentally constructed since, as an air-like GE 241 substance, CO
2
is almost invisible, almost odorless and quickly diffuses into the surrounding air; and it is only through special instrumental apparatus (such as a pneumatic trough) or in hermetically sealed locations that it can be(come) sufficiently concentrated for it to be recognizable as a unique individual substance. This constructive work was carried out between the seventeenth and early nineteenth centuries. The older belief in the special status of 'spirits' was displaced by the concept of gas - but only in laboratories. In public communication, 'gases' continue to be emotionally charged substances that are in no way normal. Further investigation of the history of CO
2
shows that the substance has been increasingly politicized and moralized since around the 1980s in the context of the climate change debate. Chemical CO
2
is being reconstrued as a 'pollutant' that threatens the earth and future generations.
From Ecocide to Eco-ally: Picloram, Herbicidal Warfare, and Invasive Species, 1963-2005
Authors: Fredrickson Leif
Published: November 2015

Picloram is a powerful, persistent herbicide that has been in use since 1963. It has been used around the world for brush clearing, forestry, and maintenance, and was a key part of Amazonian deforestation. The United States and probably Portugal used picloram in wars in Vietnam and in Africa. Its use in war prompted strong censure and led to picloram's association with 'ecocide' - ecological destruction. After Vietnam, US environmentalists continued to be highly critical of picloram's use domestically, but in the 1980s, in response to world-wide problems with invasive species as well as changes in the understanding of ecological health, many environmentalists came to embrace the use of herbicides as necessary for maintaining and restoring ecosystem health - as an eco-ally. The radical re-orientation of some North American environmentalists toward toxic chemicals like picloram as a way to combat invasive species shows the ecological contingency of environmentalism. Controversy between environmentalists about herbicides and invasive species revealed latent tensions between human health and ecosystem health, long-term and short-term environmental goals.
The Legacy of Agent Orange: A Conversation about Risks and Responsibility
Authors: Mauch Christof , Le Nga , Lahnstein Christian , Hay Amy
Published: November 2015

Conversation between US historian and pharmacist Amy Hay, political activist and freelance trainer Nga Le, who grew up in Germany and was born in Vietnam, and Christian Lahnstein, a member of an international reinsurance company. The discussion centers on the destructive force of Agent Orange and the fact that the impact and consequences of this herbicide have met with such little concern in the international arena. Agent Orange got its name from the orange band that marked the storage barrels of this herbicide mixture. It was used by the US military to defoliate the jungles during the Vietnam War. The three interviewees came together in Munich on several occasions to discuss their research and thoughts with environmental historian Christof Mauch of the Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society.