bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guidelines and Use Cases for Power Systems Dynamic Modeling and Model Verification using Modelica and OpenIPSL
Authors: Laera Giuseppe , Vanfretti Luigi , De Castro Fernandes Marcelo , Dorado-Rojas Sergio A. , Fachini Fernando , Mishra Chetan , Jones Kevin D. , Gardner R. Matthew , Tummescheit Hubertus , Velut Stéphane , Galarza Ricardo J.
Published: February 2023

This paper offers systematic guidelines for modeling power systems components in the phasor time-domain using the Modelica language and their verification. It aims to share the authors’ experience in power system modeling with Modelica and the approaches used to meet the high expectations of the power industry w.r.t. to the models’ simulation results. While the modeling guidelines are generic, the verification procedure includes the validation against a domain-specific commercial software tool called PSS®E that is the de facto tool used for power system transmission planning and analysis. To formalize the proposed approaches, a schematic description of the processes of model implementation and validation is elicited through flowcharts. Challenging use cases are presented to point out some of the major difficulties that can be faced in the modeling steps because of unclear or missing documentation of the models’ dynamics in the reference tool. Finally, unique features of the Modelica language that allow for power system modeling and verification unavailable in traditional tools are illustrated.
Material Production Process Modeling with Automated Modelica Models from IBM Rational Rhapsody
Authors: Batteh John , Gohl Jesse , Ferri James , Le Quang , Glandorf Bill , Sherman Bob , Opmanis Rudolfs
Published: February 2023

This paper describes a method to author dynamic simulation models in Modelica from a manufacturing architectural model structure in SysML. Modelica models are generated from IBM Rational Rhapsody and simulated using Modelon Impact. Following a brief overview of the overall modeling approach and tool coupling, the Modelica modeling is detailed for computing process throughput and processing time. Following the model overview, a sample application for the production of the pharmaceutical ingredient atropine is demonstrated.
Adipose stem cells-derived exosomes modified gelatin sponge promotes bone regeneration
Authors: Li Gen , Zhang Yin , Wu Jiezhou , Yang Renhao , Sun Qi , Xu Yidong , Wang Bo , Cai Ming , Xu Yang , Zhuang Chengyu , Wang Lei
Published: February 2023

Background: Large bone defects resulting from trauma and diseases still a great challenge for the surgeons. Exosomes modified tissue engineering scaffolds are one of the promising cell-free approach for repairing the defects. Despite extensive knowledge of the variety kinds of exosomes promote tissue regeneration, little is known of the effect and mechanism for the adipose stem cells-derived exosomes (ADSCs-Exos) on bone defect repair. This study aimed to explore whether ADSCs-Exos and ADSCs-Exos modified tissue engineering scaffold promotes bone defects repair.

Material/Methods: ADSCs-Exos were isolated and identified by transmission electron microscopy nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blot. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were exposed to ADSCs-Exos. The CCK-8 assay, scratch wound assay, alkaline phosphatase activity assay, and alizarin red staining were used to evaluate the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Subsequently, a bio-scaffold, ADSCs-Exos modified gelatin sponge/polydopamine scaffold (GS-PDA-Exos), were prepared. After characterized by scanning electron microscopy and exosomes release assay, the repair effect of the GS-PDA-Exos scaffold on BMSCs and bone defects was evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

Results: The diameter of ADSCs-exos is around 122.1 nm and high expressed exosome-specific markers CD9 and CD63. ADSCs-Exos promote the proliferation migration and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. ADSCs-Exos was combined with gelatin sponge by polydopamine (PDA)coating and released slowly. After exposed to the GS-PDA-Exos scaffold, BMSCs have more calcium nodules with osteoinductive medium and higher expression the mRNA of osteogenic related genes compared with other groups. The quantitative analysis of all micro-CT parameters showed that GS-PDA-Exos scaffold promote new bone formed in the femur defect model in vivo and confirmed by histological analysis.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the repair efficacy of ADSCs-Exos in bone defects, ADSCs-Exos modified scaffold showing a huge potential in the treatment of large bone defects.
Direct mass spectrometry analysis of biological tissue for diagnosis of thyroid cancer using wooden-tip electrospray ionization
Authors: Liu Dasheng , Shen Yuejian , Di Dandan , Cai Shenhui , Huang Xueyang , Lin Hongguo , Huang Yalan , Xue Jing , Liu Li , Hu Bin
Published: February 2023

Direct mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of human tissue at the molecular level could gain insight into biomarker discovery and disease diagnosis. Detecting metabolite profiles of tissue sample play an important role in understanding the pathological properties of disease development. Because the complex matrices in tissue samples, complicated and time-consuming sample preparation processes are usually required by conventional biological and clinical MS methods. Direct MS with ambient ionization technique is a new analytical strategy for direct sample analysis with little sample preparation, and has been proven to be a simple, rapid, and effective analytical tools for direct analysis of biological tissues. In this work, we applied a simple, low-cost, disposable wooden tip (WT) for loading tiny thyroid tissue, and then loading organic solvents to extract biomarkers under electrospray ionization (ESI) condition. Under such WT-ESI, the extract of thyroid was directly sprayed out from wooden tip to MS inlet. In this work, thyroid tissue from normal and cancer parts were analyzed by the established WT-ESI-MS, showing lipids were mainly detectable compounds in thyroid tissue. The MS data of lipids obtained from thyroid tissues were further analyzed with MS/MS experiment and multivariate variable analysis, and the biomarkers of thyroid cancer were also investigated.
Structure–activity relationship of Cu-based catalysts for the highly efficient CO2 electrochemical reduction reaction
Authors: An Runzhi , Chen Xuanqi , Fang Qi , Meng Yuxiao , Li Xi , Cao Yongyong
Published: February 2023

Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR) is a relatively feasible method to reduce the atmospheric concentration of CO2. Although a series of metal-based catalysts have gained interest for CO2RR, understanding the structure–activity relationship for Cu-based catalysts remains a great challenge. Herein, three Cu-based catalysts with different sizes and compositions (Cu@CNTs, Cu4@CNTs, and CuNi3@CNTs) were designed to explore this relationship by density functional theory (DFT). The calculation results show a higher degree of CO2 molecule activation on CuNi3@CNTs compared to that on Cu@CNTs and Cu4@CNTs. The methane (CH4) molecule is produced on both Cu@CNTs and CuNi3@CNTs, while carbon monoxide (CO) is synthesized on Cu4@CNTs. The Cu@CNTs showed higher activity for CH4 production with a low overpotential value of 0.36 V compared to CuNi3@CNTs (0.60 V), with *CHO formation considered the potential-determining step (PDS). The overpotential value was only 0.02 V for *CO formation on the Cu4@CNTs, and *COOH formation was the PDS. The limiting potential difference analysis with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) indicated that the Cu@CNTs exhibited the highest selectivity of CH4 among the three catalysts. Therefore, the sizes and compositions of Cu-based catalysts greatly influence CO2RR activity and selectivity. This study provides an innovative insight into the theoretical explanation of the origin of the size and composition effects to inform the design of highly efficient electrocatalysts.
Diagnosis of cerebral malaria: Tools to reduce Plasmodium falciparum associated mortality
Authors: Muppidi Pranavi , Wright Emily , Wassmer Samuel C. , Gupta Himanshu
Published: February 2023

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a major cause of mortality in Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) infection and is associated with the sequestration of parasitised erythrocytes in the microvasculature of the host’s vital organs. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are key to a positive outcome in CM. However, current diagnostic tools remain inadequate to assess the degree of brain dysfunction associated with CM before the window for effective treatment closes. Several host and parasite factor-based biomarkers have been suggested as rapid diagnostic tools with potential for early CM diagnosis, however, no specific biomarker signature has been validated. Here, we provide an updated review on promising CM biomarker candidates and evaluate their applicability as point-of-care tools in malaria-endemic areas.
Oral microbial dysbiosis in patients with periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Liu Siqin , Xie Guofang , Chen Meifeng , He Yukun , Yu Wenyi , Chen Xiaobo , Mao Weigang , Liu Nanxia , Zhang Yuanjie , Chang Qin , Qiao Yingying , Ma Xinqian , Xue Jianbo , Jin Mengtong , Guo Shuming , Hou Yudong , Gao Zhancheng
Published: February 2023

Background

Oral microbiota is closely related to the homeostasis of the oral cavity and lungs. To provide potential information for the prediction, screening, and treatment strategies of individuals, this study compared and investigated the bacterial signatures in periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Materials and methods

We collected subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples from 112 individuals (31 healthy controls, 24 patients with periodontitis, 28 patients with COPD, and 29 patients with both periodontitis and COPD). The oral microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and diversity and functional prediction analysis were performed.

Results

We observed higher bacterial richness in individuals with periodontitis in both types of oral samples. Using LEfSe and DESeq2 analyses, we found differentially abundant genera that may be potential biomarkers for each group. Mogibacterium is the predominant genus in COPD. Ten genera, including Desulfovibrio, Filifactor, Fretibacterium, Moraxella, Odoribacter, Pseudoramibacter Pyramidobacter, Scardovia, Shuttleworthia and Treponema were predominant in periodontitis. Bergeyella, Lautropia, Rothia, Propionibacterium and Cardiobacterium were the signature of the healthy controls. The significantly different pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) between healthy controls and other groups were concentrated in genetic information processing, translation, replication and repair, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins.

Conclusions

We found the significant differences in the bacterial community and functional characterization of oral microbiota in periodontitis, COPD and comorbid diseases. Compared to gingival crevicular fluid, subgingival plaque may be more appropriate for reflecting the difference of subgingival microbiota in periodontitis patients with COPD. These results may provide potentials for predicting, screening, and treatment strategies for individuals with periodontitis and COPD.
Comparative analysis of five type II TA systems identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals their contributions to persistence and intracellular survival
Authors: Song Yingjie , Tang Hong , Bao Rui
Published: February 2023

Background

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a grave nosocomial pathogen that persistently inhabits the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and causes various chronic infections. The bacterial toxin–antitoxin (TA) system is associated with latent and long-term infections, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully characterized.

Methods

We here investigated the diversity and function of five genomic type II TA systems widely distributed among P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. We also examined the distinct structural features of the toxin protein from different TA systems and characterized their contributions to persistence, invasion ability, and intracellular infection caused by P. aeruginosa.

Results

ParDE, PA1030/PA1029, and HigBA could modulate persister cell formation under treatment with specific antibiotics. Furthermore, cell-based transcriptional and invasion assays revealed that PA1030/PA1029 and HigBA TA systems were critical for intracellular survival.

Discussion

Our results highlight the prevalence and diverse roles of type II TA systems in P. aeruginosa and evaluate the possibility of using PA1030/PA1029 and HigBA TA pairs as targets for novel antibiotic treatments.
Perception and trust influence acceptance for black bears more than bear density or conflicts
Authors: Siemer William F. , Lauber T. Bruce , Stedman Richard C. , Hurst Jeremy E. , Sun Catherine C. , Fuller Angela K. , Hollingshead Nicholas A. , Belant Jerrold L. , Kellner Kenneth F.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

To sustain black bear (Ursus americanus) populations, wildlife managers should understand the coupled socio-ecological systems that influence acceptance capacity for bears.

Method

In a study area encompassing a portion of New York State, we spatially matched datasets from three sources: human-bear conflict reports between 2006 and 2018, estimates of local bear density in 2017–2018, and responses to a 2018 property owner survey (n=1,772). We used structural equation modeling to test hypothesized relationships between local human-bear conflict, local bear density, and psychological variables.

Results

The final model explained 57% of the variance in acceptance. The effect of bear population density on acceptance capacity for bears was relatively small and was mediated by a third variable: perception of proximity to the effects of human-bear interactions. The variables that exerted a direct effect on acceptance were perception of bear-related benefits, perception of bear-related risks, perceived proximity to effects of human-bear interactions, and being a hunter. Perception of bear-related benefits had a greater effect on acceptance than perception of bear-related risks. Perceived proximity to effects of human-bear interactions was affected by local bear density, but also was affected by social trust. Increased social trust had nearly the same effect on perceived proximity as decreased bear density. Social trust had the greatest indirect effect on acceptance of any variable in the model.

Discussion

Findings suggest wildlife agencies could maintain public acceptance for bears through an integrated approach that combines actions to address bear-related perceptions and social trust along with active management of bear populations.
Thoracic aortopathy in Marfan syndrome overlaps with mechanisms seen in bicuspid aortic valve disease
Authors: Grewal Nimrat , Dolmaci Onur , Jansen Evert , Klautz Robert , Driessen Antoine , Poelmann Robert E.
Published: February 2023

Background

Thoracic aortopathy is a serious complication which is more often seen in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) and patients with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) than in individuals with a tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). The identification of common pathological mechanisms leading to aortic complications in non-syndromic and syndromic diseases would significantly improve the field of personalized medicine.

Objective

This study sought to compare thoracic aortopathy between MFS, BAV, and TAV individuals.

Materials and methods

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV; n = 36), TAV (n = 23), and MFS (n = 8) patients were included. Ascending aortic wall specimen were studied for general histologic features, apoptosis, markers of cardiovascular ageing, expression of synthetic and contractile vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and fibrillin-1 expression.

Results

The MFS group showed many similarities with the dilated BAV. Both patient groups showed a thinner intima (p < 0.0005), a lower expression of contractile VSMCs (p < 0.05), more elastic fiber thinning (p < 0.001), lack of inflammation (p < 0.001), and a decreased progerin expression (p < 0.05) as compared to the TAV. Other features of cardiovascular ageing differed between the BAV and MFS. Dilated BAV patients demonstrated less medial degeneration (p < 0.0001), VSMC nuclei loss (p < 0.0001), apoptosis of the vessel wall (p < 0.03), and elastic fiber fragmentation and disorganization (p < 0.001), as compared to the MFS and dilated TAV.

Conclusion

This study showed important similarities in the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysms in BAV and MFS. These common mechanisms can be further investigated to personalize treatment strategies in non-syndromic and syndromic conditions.
The role of ginseng derivatives against chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity: A systematic review of non-clinical studies
Authors: Moini Jazani Arezoo , Arabzadeh AmirAhmad , Haghi-Aminjan Hamed , Nasimi Doost Azgomi Ramin
Published: February 2023

Aims

Although chemotherapy agents are used to treating cancers, they have serious side effects, like their harmful effects on the cardiovascular system, limiting the clinical use of these chemotherapy agents. This study aimed to systematically investigate the potential role of ginseng derivatives in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced cardiac toxicity.

Methods

This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines strategy in databases till August 2022. First, identify studies related to using search terms in titles and abstracts. After studying and screening 209 articles, 16 articles were selected in this study according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

According to the findings of this study, ginseng derivatives showed significant changes in biochemical, histological, and heart weight loss, as well as a reduction in mortality, which occurred in the groups treated with chemotherapy agents compared to the control groups. Co-administration of ginseng derivatives with chemotherapy agents inhibited or reversed these changes to near-moderate levels. The protective effects of ginseng derivatives can be due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic action.

Conclusion

This systematic review shows evidence that concomitant administration of ginseng derivatives improves chemotherapy-induced cardiac toxicity. However, for better conclusions about the practical mechanisms of ginseng derivatives in reducing the cardiac toxic effects of chemotherapy agents and evaluating the efficacy and safety of the compound simultaneously, it is necessary to design comprehensive studies.
Wrist-worn device combining PPG and ECG can be reliably used for atrial fibrillation detection in an outpatient setting
Authors: Saarinen Harri Juhani , Joutsen Atte , Korpi Kirsi , Halkola Tuomas , Nurmi Marko , Hernesniemi Jussi , Vehkaoja Antti
Published: February 2023

Aims

The aim was to validate the performance of a monitoring system consisting of a wrist-worn device and a data management cloud service intended to be used by medical professionals in detecting atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

Thirty adult patients diagnosed with AF alone or AF with concomitant flutter were recruited. Continuous photoplethysmogram (PPG) and intermittent 30 s Lead I electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings were collected over 48 h. The ECG was measured four times a day at prescheduled times, when notified due to irregular rhythm detected by PPG, and when self-initiated based on symptoms. Three-channel Holter ECG was used as the reference.

Results

The subjects recorded a total of 1,415 h of continuous PPG data and 3.8 h of intermittent ECG data over the study period. The PPG data were analyzed by the system’s algorithm in 5-min segments. The segments containing adequate amounts, at least ~30 s, of adequate quality PPG data for rhythm assessment algorithm, were included. After rejecting 46% of the 5-min segments, the remaining data were compared with annotated Holter ECG yielding AF detection sensitivity and specificity of 95.6 and 99.2%, respectively. The ECG analysis algorithm labeled 10% of the 30-s ECG records as inadequate quality and these were excluded from the analysis. The ECG AF detection sensitivity and specificity were 97.7 and 89.8%, respectively. The usability of the system was found to be good by both the study subjects and the participating cardiologists.

Conclusion

The system comprising of a wrist device and a data management service was validated to be suitable for use in patient monitoring and in the detection of AF in an ambulatory setting.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov/, NCT05008601.
Association of cardiac troponin T and growth differentiation factor 15 with replacement and interstitial cardiac fibrosis in community dwelling adults: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis
Authors: deFilippi Christopher R. , Tran Henry , Gattani Raghav , Daniels Lori B. , Shah Palak , Ilkhanoff Leonard , Christenson Robert , Lima Joao A. , Seliger Stephen
Published: February 2023

Background

Subclinical abnormalities in myocardial structure (stage B heart failure) may be identified by cardiac and non-organ specific biomarkers. The associations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) interstitial fibrosis (extracellular volume [ECV]) is unknown and for GDF-15 the association with replacement (late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]) is also unknown. GDF-15 is a systemic biomarker also released by myocytes associated with fibrosis and inflammation. We sought to define the associations of hs-cTnT and GDF-15 with these CMR fibrosis measures in the MESA cohort.

Methods

We measured hs-cTnT and GDF-15 in MESA participants free of cardiovascular disease at exam 5. CMR measurements were complete in 1737 for LGE and 1258 for ECV assessment. We estimated the association of each biomarker with LGE and increased ECV (4th quartile) using logistic regression, adjusted for demographics and risk factors.

Results

Mean age of the participants was 68 ± 9 years. Unadjusted, both biomarkers were associated with LGE, but after adjustment only hs-cTnT concentrations remained significant (4th vs. 1st quartile OR] 7.5, 95% CI: 2.1, 26.6). For interstitial fibrosis both biomarkers were associated with 4th quartile ECV, but the association was attenuated compared to replacement fibrosis. After adjustment, only hs-cTnT concentrations remained significant (1st to 4th quartile OR 1.7, 95%CI: 1.1, 2.8).

Conclusion

Our findings identify that both interstitial and replacement fibrosis are associated with myocyte cell death/injury, but GDF-15 a non-organ specific biomarker prognostic for incident cardiovascular disease is not associated with preclinical evidence of cardiac fibrosis.
Investigating the origin of solutes in rock glacier springs in the Swiss Alps: A conceptual model
Authors: Del Siro Chantal , Scapozza Cristian , Perga Marie-Elodie , Lambiel Christophe
Published: February 2023

In the current context of climate change, rock glaciers represent potentially important water resources due to the melting of ice they contain and/or their role as high mountain water reservoirs. However, the hydrology of these high-altitude debris accumulations is poorly known. Understanding the origin and quality of rock glacier outflows is essential to evaluate their contribution and impact on headwater systems. In this study, we developed a conceptual model explaining the main hydro-chemical processes in active rock glaciers in the current context of permafrost warming. This conceptual model was derived from isotopic and physico-chemical analyses performed on six rock glacier outflows in the Swiss Alps during the warm season. Similar chemical and isotopic analyses were performed in sources not fed by rock glaciers at all study sites. The ion content (SO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+ and NO3−) of the water emerging from active rock glaciers was globally higher than that of sources not fed by rock glaciers. Besides, the electrical conductivity and the ion content (SO42-, Ca2+ and Mg2+) of the active rock glacier springs increased during the warm season, tracking the increasing perennial ground ice melting. We hypothesized that the ionic fingerprint of melting ice points mainly to the remobilization of chemical compounds stored during a colder period of the past in the cryosphere (e.g., the 1960s–1980s).
Acute hyperglycemia compromises the responses of choroidal vessels using swept-source optical coherence tomography during dark and light adaptations
Authors: Lin Zhiyang , Yu Huankai , Shi Ce , Chen Hongling , Lin Guangqing , Shen Meixiao , Wang Chenxiao
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To clarify the effects of acute hyperglycemia on the responses of choroidal structural components and vascularity index during light modulation in healthy participants using techniques including image binarization and artificial intelligence (AI) segmentation based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods

Twenty-four eyes of 24 healthy participants were imaged at different stages after ambient light, 40 min of dark adaptation, and 5 min of light adaptation in two imaging sessions: control and after receiving 75 g of oral glucose solution. The choroidal structural parameters, including luminal volume (LV), stromal volume (SV), total choroidal volume (TCV), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) within a 6 mm area were determined using a custom algorithm based on image binarization and AI segmentation of SS-OCT. These measurements were compared among the conditions after adjusting for axial length, age to identify the differences.

Results

In the dark, CVI decreased (-0.36 ± 0.09%) significantly in acute hyperglycemia compared to the control condition. During the transition to ambient light, there was an increasing trend in the choroidal parameters compared with the control experiment. However, only TCV (0.38 ± 0.17 mm3) and LV (0.27 ± 0.10 mm3) showed a significant increase at the time point of 5 min after ambient light.

Conclusion

Analysis of choroidal structural parameters and CVI based on SS-OCT images is a potentially powerful method to objectively reflect subtle changes in neurovascular coupling between the choroid and photoreceptor during dark adaptation.
Primary thyroid lymphoma: A single-center experience
Authors: Lee Jin Seok , Shin Su-Jin , Yun Hyeok Jun , Kim Seok Mo , Chang Hojin , Lee Yong Sang , Chang Hang-Seok
Published: February 2023

Background

Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a very rare entity accounting for 5% of all thyroid malignancies and less than 2% of lymphomas. PTLs are classified as non-Hodgkin’s B-cell lymphomas in the majority of cases, although Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the thyroid has also been identified. This study aimed to identify the clinical, biochemical, and pathological features of primary thyroid lymphomas.

Methods

From January 2008 to December 2020, data from patients diagnosed with PTL treated at the Gangnam Severance Hospital, including clinical, biochemical, and pathological features of thyroid lymphomas, were assessed.

Results

Of 10 patients, nine women and one man, with a median age of 62 (range, 44–82) years were included. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed in nine patients and surgical resection was performed in one patient without biopsy. Excisional and surgical biopsies were performed in all patients, including five who underwent excisional biopsy and five who underwent thyroidectomy. Histological analyses revealed that all 10 lymphomas were non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma; six patients had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, three had mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and one had Burkitt lymphoma. Four patients received chemotherapy, two were treated with chemoradiation therapy, one received radiation therapy only, one did not require more treatment after surgery, one refused treatment, and one was transferred to another hospital.

Conclusions

Although PTLs are scarce, clinicians should be aware of this rare entity and evaluate and treat PTLs on an individual basis.
Excess visceral fat area as an independent risk factor for early postoperative complications in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery
Authors: Han Liping , Deng Chaoyi , Zhao Rui , Wan Qianyi , Zhang Xiaofang , Wang Xiao , Chen Yi
Published: February 2023

Background

Few studies have investigated the correlation between visceral fat area (VFA) and early postoperative complications in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between VFA and early postoperative complications in patients with obesity following bariatric surgery.

Methods

The study was conducted at a tertiary university hospital. Patients with obesity who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy between June 2016 and October 2020 were divided into two groups based on umbilical level VFA: high-VFA group (umbilical level VFA ≥ 100 cm2) and low-VFA group (umbilical level VFA < 100 cm2). Baseline characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative conditions, and early postoperative complications were compared between the groups. The primary outcome was early postoperative complications, and the secondary outcome was postoperative hospital stay.

Results

The study included 152 patients, with 82 patients in the low-VFA group and 70 patients in the high-VFA group. The high-VFA group had a higher incidence of early postoperative complications (14.29% vs. 2.44%, P = 0.013) than the low-VFA group. The length of postoperative hospital stay did not differ significantly between the groups.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that excess VFA is an independent risk factor for early postoperative complications following bariatric surgery, and VFA may be used in preoperative evaluations.
Prospecting of exosomal-miRNA signatures as prognostic marker for gestational diabetes mellitus and other adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Mitra Tridip , Gulati Richa , Uppal Anmol , Kumari Sajeetha R. , Tripathy Saswati , Ranjan Priya , Janardhanan Rajiv
Published: February 2023

Exosomal microRNA (ExomiRs) serves as potential cargo molecules responsible for post-translation of gene expression and intracellular communication playing a vital role in acting as clinically relevant prognostic biomarkers for identifying pregnancy-associated complications in patients. ExomiRs are associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) as potential targets for understanding the pathophysiology of beta-cell dysfunction. ExomiRs (ExomiR 122, ExomiR 16-5p, ExomiR 215-5p, ExomiR 450b-3p, ExomiR 122-5p) aid to act as biomarkers and regulate the progression of diabetes and its related complication. These ExomiRshave been reported to interfere with the regulation of various genes such as ZEB2, IRS1, IRS2, GLUT1, GLUT4, etc. and inhibition of several pathways like PI3K/AKT, Wnt, and mTOR signaling pathways leading to the modulation in the development of GDM affecting the clinical and pathological features of women. These ExomiRs have also been associated with other pregnancy-associated complications, including preeclampsia, hypothyroidism, pregnancy loss, and ectopic pregnancies. On the other hand, overexpression of certain ExomiRs such as Exomir-515-5p, ExomiR-221, and ExomiR-96 serve a regulatory role in overcoming insulin resistance. Taken together, the current review focuses on the prospective capabilities of ExomiRs for diagnosis and clinical prognosis of GDM women with respect to pregnancy outcomes.
Body mass index affects kidney transplant outcomes: A cohort study over 5 years using a steroid sparing protocol
Authors: Bellini Maria Irene , Deurloo Emily , Consorti Fabrizio , Herbert Paul Elliot
Published: February 2023

Background

There is controversy regarding the suitability of high body mass index (BMI) candidates accessing the transplant waitlist.

Patients and methods

Observational study on consecutive kidney transplant recipients undergoing surgery between January 2014 and March 2016 at our center. Patients were stratified according to BMI. Survival outcomes and graft function were analyzed to investigate the effect of donor’s and recipient’s demographic characteristics.

Results

396 kidney transplant recipients: 260 males, mean age 51.8 ± 15.9 years, followed up for a mean time of 5.86 ± 2.29 years. Mean BMI 26.2 ± 5.1. BMI class 1 (20 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.9) n=133, class 2 (25 ≤ BMI ≤ 29.9) n= 155, class 3 (30 ≤ BMI ≤34.9) n=53, class 4 (BMI ≥ 35) n=21, class V (BMI ≤ 19.9) n=34. Patient survival was not significantly different according to the recipient’s BMI class (p=0.476); graft survival was affected (p=0.031), as well as graft function up to 2 years post-transplant and at 4 years follow up (p=0.016). At logistic regression the factors independently associated with graft loss were only donor’s age (p=0.05) and BMI class of the recipient (p=0.002).

Conclusions

Obesity did not impact on patient’s survival but affected graft function and graft loss.
The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance is a judgment criterion for metformin pre-treatment before IVF/ICSI and embryo transfer cycles in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Gao Rui , Qin Lang , Li Zhengyu , Min Wenjiao
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to explore the value of the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) as a judgment criterion for metformin pre-treatment before in vitro fertilization/intracellular sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) and embryo transfer (ET) for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients.

Materials and methods

The clinical and laboratory information of PCOS patients who received IVF/ICSI-ET from January 2017 to September 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. We compared the clinical pregnancy rate (primary outcome) and controlled ovarian stimulation (COS)-related parameters (secondary outcomes) between patients with and without metformin pre-treatment for all PCOS patients not grouped by HOMA-IR, PCOS patients with HOMA-IR < 2.71, and PCOS patients with HOMA-IR ≥ 2.71.

Results

A total of 969 PCOS patients who received the GnRH-antagonist protocol were included in this study. For all PCOS patients, the metformin group showed comparable clinical pregnancy rates in fresh ET cycles and frozen ET cycles compared with the control group (55.9% vs. 57.1%, p = 0.821 and 63.8% vs. 60.9%, p = 0.497). For PCOS patients with HOMA-IR < 2.71, the clinical pregnancy rates in both fresh ET cycles and frozen ET cycles were statistically similar between the two groups (61.5% vs. 57.6%, p = 0.658 and 70.6% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.535). For PCOS patients with HOMA-IR ≥ 2.71, the clinical pregnancy rate in fresh ET cycles was comparable between the two groups (51.5% vs. 56.3, p = 0.590), but it was statistically higher in the metformin group than in the control group in frozen ET cycles (57.1% vs. 40.0%, p = 0.023). The metformin group had less oocytes retrieved, a lower cleaved oocyte rate, a lower available D3 embryo rate, a lower blastocyst formation rate, and a lower available blastocyst rate than the control group.

Conclusion

HOMA-IR is a judgment criterion for metformin pre-treatment before IVF/ICSI-ET in patients with PCOS. Metformin pre-treatment could be added for PCOS patients with HOMA-IR ≥ 2.71 during frozen IVF/ICSI-ET cycles to improve the clinical pregnancy rate.
Zuogui Jiangtang Shuxin formula Ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy mice via modulating gut-heart axis
Authors: Huang Ya-lan , Xiang Qin , Zou Jun-ju , Wu Yongjun , Yu Rong
Published: February 2023

Background

There is growing evidence demonstrating that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in multiple endocrine disorders, including diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Research shows that the Chinese herb reduces disease occurrence by regulating gut microbiota. Zuogui Jiangtang Shuxin formula (ZGJTSXF), a Chinese medicinal formula, has been clinically used for treatment of DCM for many years. However, there is still no clear understanding of how ZGJTSXF treatment contributes to the prevention and treatment of DCM through its interaction with gut microbiota and metabolism.

Methods

In this study, mice models of DCM were established, and ZGJTSXF’s therapeutic effects were assessed. Specifically, serum glycolipid, echocardiography, histological staining, myocardial apoptosis rate were assessed. Using 16s rRNA sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), we determined the impact of ZGJTSXF on the structure of gut microbiota and content of its metabolite TMAO. The mechanism of ZGJTSXF action on DCM was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR and western blots.

Results

We found that ZGJTSXF significantly ameliorated DCM mice by modulating gut-heart axis: ZGJTSXF administration improved glycolipid levels, heart function, cardiac morphological changes, inhibited cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and regulate the gut microbiota in DCM mice. Specifically, ZGJTSXF treatment reverse the significant changes in the abundance of certain genera closely related to DCM phenotype, including Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella and Alistipes. Furthermore, ZGJTSXF alleviated DCM in mice by blunting TMAO/PERK/FoxO1 signaling pathway genes and proteins.

Conclusion

ZGJTSXF administration could ameliorate DCM mice by remodeling gut microbiota structure, reducing serum TMAO generation and suppressing TMAO/PERK/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
Assessment of oligometastasis status of prostate cancer following combined robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and androgen deprivation versus androgen deprivation therapy alone using PSA percentage decline rate
Authors: Li Xuwen , Xi Haibo , Cheng Xiaofeng , Yu Yue , Zhang Cheng , Wang Gongxian , Zhou Xiaochen
Published: February 2023

Objective

To compare the tumor control in prostate cancer patients with oligo-metastasis following combined robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and androgen deprivation versus androgen deprivation therapy alone based on total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) assessment.

Methods

Medical data of a total of 18 prostate cancer patients with oligometastasis administered in The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2017 to March 2018 were prospectively collected. 10 patients received a combined therapy of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and pharmaceutical androgen deprivation (RARP+ADT group), while 8 patients received pharmaceutical androgen deprivation therapy alone (ADT group). Then demographic characteristics, prostate volume, tumor characteristics and tPSA data were analysised and compared. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.

Results

No significant difference was found in patients’ age (p = 0.075), prostate volume (p = 0.134) and number of bone metastasis (p = 0.342). Pre-treatment Gleason score was significantly lower in RA group (p = 0.003). Patients in RARP+ADT group had significantly lower pre-treatment tPSA (p = 0.014), while no statistical difference was noted in reexamined tPSA (p = 0.140) on follow-up. No statistical difference was noted in tPSA decline rates (declined tPSA value per day) in RARP+ADT and ADT group (8.1 ± 4.7 verse 7.5 ± 8.0 ng/ml/d, p = 0.853). However, tPSA percentage decline rate (declined tPSA percentage per day) was significantly higher in RARP+ADT group (11.6 ± 1.5%/d verses 2.9 ± 2.2%/d, p< 0.001). Immediate urinary continence was achieved in 9 patients (90%) upon removal of urethral catheter on post-operative day 7 in RARP+ADT group.

Conclusion

ADT alone and in combination with RARP both provide effective tumor control in patients suffering from prostate cancer with oligometastasis. ADT combined with RARP exhibited significant advantage in PSA percentage decline rate without compromising patients’ urinary continence. Long-term tumor control requires further follow-up.
Interactions between β-arrestin proteins and the cytoskeletal system, and their relevance to neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Szénási Tibor , Turu Gábor , Hunyady László
Published: February 2023

β-arrestins, which have multiple cellular functions, were initially described as proteins that desensitize rhodopsin and other G protein-coupled receptors. The cytoskeletal system plays a role in various cellular processes, including intracellular transport, cell division, organization of organelles, and cell cycle. The interactome of β-arrestins includes the major proteins of the three main cytoskeletal systems: tubulins for microtubules, actins for the actin filaments, and vimentin for intermediate filaments. β-arrestins bind to microtubules and regulate their activity by recruiting signaling proteins and interacting with assembly proteins that regulate the actin cytoskeleton and the intermediate filaments. Altered regulation of the cytoskeletal system plays an essential role in the development of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and other neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, β-arrestins, which interact with the cytoskeleton, were implicated in the pathogenesis progression of these diseases and are potential targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in the future.
Variations, sources, and effects on ozone formation of VOCs during ozone episodes in 13 cities in China
Authors: Shan Danying , Du Zhenyu , Zhang Ting , Zhang Xiulan , Cao Guan , Liu Zirui , Yao Zhixiao , Tang Ka , Liang Siyuan
Published: February 2023

In recent years, ozone (O3) pollution has worsened in China and contributes frequently to air pollution problems. To support the implementation of coordinated control for ozone and fine particulate matter, it is essential to study the chemical compositions and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are the crucial precursor of both ozone and fine particulate matter. In this study, 117 volatile organic compounds were monitored in 13 cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration and Fenwei plain. Concentrations of total volatile organic compounds ranged from 42 to 279 μg/m3 during the monitoring episode. In all 13 cities, alkanes, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatics and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) were the dominant volatile organic compounds. Contributions of alkanes, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatics and oxygenated volatile organic compounds to total ozone formation potential (OFP) were 21.7%–32.6%, 21.0%–27.9%, 24.3%–50.8% and 28.6%–52.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the results of source apportionment by positive matrix factorization (PMF) model indicated that solvent usage, gasoline evaporation, vehicle emissions, petrochemical industry and combustion were essential volatile organic compounds sources in 13 cities. Moreover, the sensitivity of ozone production was studied using an Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) model, and it was found that ozone formation was volatile organic compounds limited in all 13 cities.
Impacts of wild boars on local livelihoods in rural communities: A case study of mountainous areas in southeast China
Authors: Wang Chengchao , Zeng Benxiang , Song Xianqiang , Luo Dongshen , Lin Tingting
Published: February 2023

Wild boar (Sus scrofa) seriously threatens agricultural production and rural livelihoods worldwide. Human-wild boar conflict has become an important research topic. We investigated the impact of wild boars on local livelihoods and rural community’s responses to the impact, based on a case study in Fu’an City, Fujian Province, Southeast China. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 152 rural households in six villages of Fu’an City. Results demonstrated that the overall impact of wild boars on livelihoods was significant; however, there was impact heterogeneity depending on the mentioned factors. The impact lied on the scale of agricultural output value and the extent of livelihood dependency on susceptible crops. Different impacts resulted in discrepant countermeasures of rural households in dealing with wild boars. The magnitude of economic losses caused by wild boars to a great extent determined the selection of prevention measures. Rural households with more economic losses tend to adopt costly and effective prevention measures, such as fencing and human guarding. Recommendations were put forward to address the human-wild boar conflicts in China.
Diversity of soil fertility management options in maize-based farming systems in northern Benin: A quantitative survey
Authors: Tovihoudji Pierre G. , Akpo Firmin I. , Tassou Zakari F. , Ollabodé Nouroudine , Yegbemey Rosaine N. , Yabi Jacob A.
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Maize-based production systems in Sub-Saharan Africa are largely based on family farming, which is characterized by low-input, nutrient-mining agriculture and practices. These systems usually promote soil degradation through loss of organic matter and erosion. The present study characterizes farms and main soil fertility management options in maize-based farming systems of the northern Benin.

Methods: The study was conducted in the municipalities of Malanville, Banikoara and Bembèrèkè. We sampled randomly and interviewed 262 maize farmers, and the statistical analysis (distribution of means and frequencies, chi-square, ANOVA, etc.) was performed.

Results and discussion: The results show that maize farming characteristics and socioeconomic conditions (land use and labor, production activities and land allocation, institutional arrangements on land, access to labor and capital, etc.) were diverse across locations and exhibited a wide variation within locations. Several practices were used for the management and sustainable maintenance of soil fertility in maize production systems in northern Benin: maize-legume intercropping, cotton-maize rotation, and mineral and organic fertilizers application. Most of farmers occasionally or regularly used mineral fertilizers (95.4%), followed by legume-cereal rotation/ intercropping (51.9%). Overall, 23.6% and 58.4% of farmers consistently used mineral fertilizer over the last 5 and 10 years, respectively. The amount of applied mineral fertilizer did not significantly vary between locations with an average (applied day after sowing, DAS) of 131.7 ± 13.7 (22 ± 8 DAS), 58.7 ± 9.6 (44 ± 5 DAS) and 164.7 ± 25.4 (38 ± 11 DAS) kg ha−1 for NPK, urea and Mix NPK + urea, respectively applied at, and days after sowing. Most farmers spread the fertilizer around the plants without covering with soil particles. Manure was applied exclusively to food crops through transporting and corralling (28.2%); and most farmers also used manure from their own livestock while few farmers used cattle corralling. Farmyard manure was mainly spread (100% of respondents) on the surface before plowing at the beginning of the rainy season. Maize farmers applied mineral fertilizer based on the level of initial soil fertility (naturally fertile or poor, degree of erosion etc.) and fertilizer purchase costs. Manure was not widely used as an alternative to chemical fertilizers; therefore, farmers need more strengthening and technical assistance on the production of organic fertilizers and manure storage. The findings are useful for policymakers on encouraging the successful implementation of sustainable soil fertility management strategies of maize-based farming systems in northern Benin.