bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Secondary and α‐Tertiary Piperazin‐2‐ones and Piperazines by Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation.
Authors: Korch Katerina M. , Eidamshaus Christian , Behenna Douglas C. , Nam Sangkil , Horne David , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: May 2015

The asymmetric palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of differentially N‐protected piperazin‐2‐ones allows for the synthesis of highly enantioenriched tertiary piperazine‐2‐ones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Radical‐Mediated Approach to the Total Synthesis of Fluorinated Marinoquinoline A and Related Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Congeners.
Authors: Patel Bhaven , Hilton Stephen T.
Published: May 2015

Starting from 2‐hetaryl substituted arylisocyanides, several 2‐trifluoromethyl substituted pyrroloquinoxalines and pyrroloquinolines as well as a benzothiophene analogue of the latter are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: A Co(II)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Intramolecular C—O Bond Formation via Selective (sp3)C—H Bond Activation: Facile Access to Dihydro‐benzoxazinone Derivatives.
Authors: Shang Xiao‐Jie , Liu Zhong‐Quan
Published: May 2015

The Co(II)‐catalyzed cross dehydrogenative coupling of pyrrolidinyl substituted substrates is achieved using oxygen as the terminal oxidant at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component One‐Pot Reactions of 1,10‐Phenanthroline Hydrate with Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates in the Presence of Pyridine Carboxaldehydes.
Authors: Niknam Najmeh , Hassanabadi Alireza
Published: May 2015

furnishing highly functionalized oxazines (IV) in good yield
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazolines and 1,3,4‐Oxadiazepines Through Acetylation of Salicylic Hydrazones.
Authors: Alhadi Abeer A. , Othman Rozana , Yehye Wageeh A. , Rahman Noorsaadah Abd
Published: May 2015

Derivatives (Ie)‐(Ii) does not form 1,3,4‐oxadiazepines (IV) like (Ia)‐(Id) when treated under acidic‐catalyzed conditions but the compounds (IIIe)‐(IIIi) are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3—SiO2 Promoted One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of Novel 1,5‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives.
Authors: An Ying‐Shuang , Li Xiao‐Qing , An Xiao‐Ran , Wang Lan‐Zhi
Published: May 2015

The title compounds (IV) are efficiently obtained by reaction of substituted 1,2‐phenylenediamines, 2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde, and β‐keto ester using FeCl3—SiO2 as a highly active and reusable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Filling the Gaps in the Challenging Asymmetric Hydroboration of 1,1‐Disubstituted Alkenes with Simple Phosphite‐Based Phosphinooxazoline Iridium Catalysts.
Authors: Magre Marc , Biosca Maria , Pamies Oscar , Dieguez Montserrat
Published: May 2015

Independent of the properties of the aryl substituent, the hydroboration of 1‐alkyl‐1‐aryl styrenes delivers highly enantiopure products.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Activation of Organosilanes with η2‐Aldehyde Nickel Complexes: Key for Catalytic Syntheses of Aryl‐, Vinyl‐, and Alkynyl‐Benzoxasiloles.
Authors: Hoshimoto Yoichi , Yabuki Hayato , Kumar Ravindra , Suzuki Haruka , Ohashi Masato , Ogoshi Sensuke
Published: May 2015

Ortho‐silyl‐benzaldehyde derivatives are converted to benzoxasiloles in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Ketophosphonates via AgNO3‐Catalyzed Hydration of Alkynylphosphonates: A Rate‐Enhancement Effect of Methanol.
Authors: Xiang Jiannan , Yi Niannian , Wang Ruijia , Lu Linghui , Zou Huaxu , Pan Yuan , He Weimin
Published: May 2015

A novel and practical method for the synthesis of β‐ketophosphonates through AgNO3‐catalyzed hydration of alkynylphosphonates with a dramatic rate enhancement effect of methanol is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Scalarane Sesterterpenes from the Egyptian Red Sea Sponge Phyllospongia lamellosa.
Authors: Hassan Marwa H. A. , Rateb Mostafa E. , Hetta Mona , Abdelaziz Tarek A. , Sleim Mohamed A. , Jaspars Marcel , Mohammed Rabab
Published: May 2015

Five new scalarane sesterterpenes, phyllospongins A‐E (I)‐(III) are isolated along with four known derivatives from the dichloromethane fraction of the marine sponge Phyllospongia lamellosa.
ChemInform Abstract: One New Unusual Sesterterpenoid and Four New Sesquiterpene Dimers from Inula britannica.
Authors: Zhang Xu‐Feng , Ren Jie , Cheng Xiang‐Rong , Jin Hui‐Zi , Zhang Wei‐Dong
Published: May 2015

One new unusual dibritannilactone A (I) and four dibritannilactones C‐E (structure examples (II)) are isolated together with nine known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective per‐O‐Trimethylsilylation and Homogeneous N‐Functionalisation of Amino Sugars.
Authors: Joseph A. Abragam , Dhurandhare Vijay M. , Chang Chun‐Wei , Verma Ved Prakash , Mishra Girija Prasad , Ku Chiao‐Chu , Lin Chun‐Cheng , Wang Cheng‐Chung
Published: May 2015

A simple method for preparation of per‐O‐trimethylsilylated amino sugars with unprotected amines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxindole Alkaloids from the Fungus Penicillium commune DFFSCS026 Isolated from Deep‐Sea‐Derived Sediments
Authors: Xu Xinya , Zhang Xiaoyong , Nong Xuhua , Wei Xiaoyi , Qi Shuhua
Published: May 2015

isolation, structure determination and biological activity of nine new oxindole alkaloids, cyclopiamides B—J (I)—(V)
ChemInform Abstract: Ir‐Catalyzed Reverse Prenylation of 3‐Substituted Indoles: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Aszonalenin and (‐)‐Brevicompanine B.
Authors: Ruchti Jonathan , Carreira Erick M.
Published: May 2015

Indole derivatives are highly diastereoselectively and regioselectively converted to the corresponding pyrroloindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of 10‐Aza‐narciclasine.
Authors: Vshyvenko Sergey , W'Giorgis Zemane , Weber Audrey , Neverova Natalia , Hedberg Bradley , Hudlicky Tomas
Published: May 2015

Title compound (VI) is synthesized starting from pyridine derivative (I) over 12 steps in an overall yield of 2.05%.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Hyperibine J [Revised Structure of Adhyperfirin (7‐Deprenyl‐13‐methylhyperforin)]: Synthesis of Hyperibone J.
Authors: Mitsopoulou Kornilia P. , Vidali Veroniki P. , Maranti Anna , Couladouros Elias A.
Published: May 2015

Structure elucidation of hyperibine J (I), a new polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol isolated from Hypericum sp., is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Penicillin Derivatives as Drug‐Like Molecules for Biological Screening.
Authors: Liu Chun‐Jing , Dutta Dinah , Mitscher Lester
Published: May 2015

Six thiazolidine amides (III) are produced through N4‐C7 β‐lactam ring opening of penicillin V methyl ester (I).
ChemInform Abstract: NbCl5 Mediated Biomimetic Cascade Reaction: Efficient and Scalable One‐Pot Synthesis of Dunnione and Nor‐β‐lapachone.
Authors: Bian Jinlei , Qian Xue , Fan Jun , Li Xiang , Sun Haopeng , You Qidong , Zhang Xiaojin
Published: May 2015

This NbCl5‐mediated one‐pot reaction gives access to the bioactive natural products dunnione (II) and nor‐β‐lapachone (IV) via tandem Claisen rearrangement‐cyclization reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Broad 1St Order Phase Transitions: Phase Coexistence, Unusual Hysteresis and Glasslike ′Kinetic Arrest′
Authors: Chaddah P.
Published: May 2015

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhancing SOFC Cathode Performance by Surface Modification Through Infiltration
Authors: Ding Dong , Li Xiaxi , Lai Samson Yuxiu , Gerdes Kirk , Liu Meilin
Published: May 2015

Review: 264 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydride Compounds of Zinc
Authors: Zhizhin K. Yu. , Mal'tseva N. N. , Buzanov G. A. , Kuznetsov N. T.
Published: May 2015

Review: synthesis, structure and physicochemical properties; 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes (DNICs): From Biomimetic Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization Toward Unveiling the Biological and Catalytic Roles of DNICs
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Li , Tsou Chih‐Chin , Liaw Wen‐Feng
Published: May 2015

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Zirconacyclopentadienes into Metalloles: Fagan‐Nugent Reaction and Beyond
Authors: Yan Xiaoyu , Xi Chanjuan
Published: May 2015

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Masked Unsaturated Esters/Amides in Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Monge David , Jiang Hao , Alvarez‐Casao Yolanda
Published: May 2015

Review: [strategies and developments regarding the use of masked unsaturated esters/amides in asymmetric organocatalysis; 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring Tertiary Enamides as Versatile Synthons in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Wang Mei‐Xiang
Published: May 2015

Review: [41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporous Materials: Versatile Supports in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Liquid Phase Catalytic Transformations
Authors: Pal Nabanita , Bhaumik Asim
Published: May 2015

Review: 158 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tellurium: A Maverick Among the Chalcogens
Authors: Chivers Tristram , Laitinen Risto S.
Published: May 2015

Review: [fundamental concepts necessary for an understanding of the unique structures and reactivities of tellurium compounds; 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in Asymmetric Biomimetic Transamination of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Xie Ying , Pan Hongjie , Liu Mao , Xiao Xiao , Shi Yian
Published: May 2015

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Mediated Post‐Ugi Transformations for the Construction of Diverse Heterocyclic Scaffolds
Authors: Sharma Upendra K. , Sharma Nandini , Vachhani Dipak D. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: May 2015

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzene Partial Hydrogenation: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Foppa Lucas , Dupont Jairton
Published: May 2015

Review: 137 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Organic Frameworks Catalyzed C—C and C—Heteroatom Coupling Reactions
Authors: Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Asiri Abdullah M. , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: May 2015

Review: 172 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Guanidines from ′Toxic Substances′ to Compounds with Multiple Biological Applications — Detailed Outlook on Synthetic Procedures Employed for the Synthesis of Guanidines
Authors: Tahir Shaista , Badshah Amin , Hussain Raja Azadar
Published: May 2015

Review: 261 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of β‐Ketosulfones
Authors: Pena Javier , Moro Rosalina F. , Marcos Isidro S. , Diez David
Published: May 2015

Review: 237 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review on the Synthesis of Six‐Membered N,N‐Heterocycles by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Kaur Navjeet
Published: May 2015

Review: 154 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Cyclodextrin‐Based Drug Nanocarriers
Authors: Simoes Susana M. N. , Rey‐Rico Ana , Concheiro Angel , Alvarez‐Lorenzo Carmen
Published: May 2015

Review: 216 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Main‐Chain Organic Frameworks with Advanced Catalytic Functionalities
Authors: Zhang Yugen , Ying Jackie Y.
Published: May 2015

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enediynes, Enyne‐Allenes, Their Reactions, and Beyond
Authors: Kraka Elfi , Cremer Dieter
Published: May 2015

Review: 219 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemocatalytic Hydrolysis of Cellulose into Glucose over Solid Acid Catalysts
Authors: Hu Lei , Lin Lu , Wu Zhen , Zhou Shouyong , Liu Shijie
Published: May 2015

Review: 254 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of C‐Arylnucleoside Analogues
Authors: Len Christophe , Enderlin Gerald
Published: May 2015

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Late Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Hydroamination and Hydroamidation
Authors: Huang Liangbin , Arndt Matthias , Goossen Kaethe , Heydt Heinrich , Goossen Lukas J.
Published: May 2015

Review: 1052 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinoxaline Macrocycles
Authors: Mamedov Vakhid A. , Kalinin Alexey A.
Published: May 2015

Review: methods for creating the quinoxaline macrocycles since 1968; 186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Pure Aziridinyl Ligands as Useful Catalysts in the Stereocontrolled Synthesis
Authors: Lesniak Stanislaw , Rachwalski Michal , Pieczonka Adam M.
Published: May 2015

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Tandem Process Involving Asymmetric Protonations as a Stereo‐Defining Step
Authors: Frongia Angelo , Secci Francesco , Melis Nicola
Published: May 2015

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Development of Artificial Porphyrinoids Embedded with Functional Building Blocks
Authors: Zhou Zhikuan , Shen Zhen
Published: May 2015

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Spin on Magnetic Memories
Authors: Kent Andrew D. , Worledge Daniel C.
Published: May 2015

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Cybotactic Nematic Phase of Bent‐Core Mesogens: State of the Art and Future Developments
Authors: Francescangeli Oriano , Vita Francesco , Samulski Edward T.
Published: May 2015

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Antioxidant Therapy by Metallodrugs: Lessons from Metallocorroles
Authors: Haber Adi , Gross Zeev
Published: May 2015

Review: [106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microbial Status of Cellulases and Xylanases for Human Welfare
Authors: Rai Priyanka , Tiwari Soni , Gaur Rajeeva
Published: May 2015

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Few Novel 2‐(Heteroarylamino)‐5‐(aryl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles
Authors: Vadivelu Annapoorna , Gopal V. , Reddy C. Uma Maheswara , Evanjelene Vasthi Kennedy
Published: May 2015

Review: 12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Memory on the Racetrack
Authors: Parkin Stuart , Yang See‐Hun
Published: May 2015

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent and Colorimetric Chemosensors for Pyrophosphate
Authors: Lee Songyi , Yuen Karen K. Y. , Jolliffe Katrina A. , Yoon Juyoung
Published: May 2015

Review: data since 2010; 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Degradable Plastics and Their Potential for Affecting Solid Waste Systems
Authors: Greene K. L. , Tonjes D. J.
Published: May 2015

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State Protein‐Carbohydrate Interactions and Their Application in the Food Industry
Authors: Soltanizadeh Nafiseh , Mirmoghtadaie Leila , Nejati Fatemeh , Najafabadi Leila Izadi , Heshmati Maryam Khakbaz , Jafari Maryam
Published: May 2015

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ion Specific Effects: Decoupling Ion‐Ion and Ion‐Water Interactions
Authors: Song Jinsuk , Kang Tae Hui , Kim Mahn Won , Han Songi
Published: May 2015

Review: 110 refs.
Biocatalytic Approach for the Synthesis of Enantiopure Acebutolol as a β1‐Selective Blocker
Authors: Banoth Linga , Thakur Neeraj Singh , Bhaumik Jayeeta , Banerjee Uttam Chand
Published: May 2015

A new chemoenzymatic route is reported to synthesize acebutolol, a selective β1 adrenergic receptor blocking agent in enantiopure (R and S) forms. The enzymatic kinetic resolution strategy was used to synthesize enantiopure intermediates (R)‐ and (S)‐N‐(3‐acetyl‐4‐(3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)butyramide from the corresponding racemic alcohols. The results showed that out of eleven commercially available lipase preparations, two enzyme preparations (Lipase A, Candida antarctica, CLEA [CAL CLEA] and Candida rugosa lipase, 62316 [CRL 62316]) act in enantioselective manner. Under optimized conditions the enantiomeric excess of both (R)‐ and (S)‐N‐(3‐acetyl‐4‐(3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)butyramide were 99.9 and 96.8%, respectively. N‐alkylation of both the (R) and (S) intermediates with isopropylamine gave enantiomerically pure (R and S)‐ acebutolol with a yield 68 and 72%, respectively. This study suggests a high yielding, easy and environmentally green approach to synthesize enantiopure acebutolol. Chirality 27:382–391, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bromate Adsorption on Three Variable Charge Soils: Kinetics and Thermodynamics
Authors: Jia Aiyin , Wu Chunde , Hu Wenchao , Hu Caixia
Published: May 2015

A series of batch experiments about adsorption of bromate onto three variable charge soils from Southern China was carried out. The adsorption behavior of bromate was estimated as a function of reaction time (0–240 min), and the concentration of bromate at a fixed value (100 μg/L) at 25, 35, and 45°C. Bromate adsorption increased with the rise of temperature, indicating that bromate adsorption onto the variable charge soils was an endothermic process. The pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation was used to describe the kinetic data. The adsorption equilibrium time of BrO3– onto three soils was about 120 min and independent of the reaction temperature. The data of isotherm experiments fit well with the Langmuir model, which implied that monolayer adsorption was feasible during the sorption process. The data of the adsorption experiments at different reaction temperatures were used to calculate thermodynamic parameters. The thermodynamic parameters calculated suggest that bromate adsorption onto the variable charge soils from Southern China was a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy‐driven reaction as well as a physical adsorption process.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Nonsteroidal Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Antagonists: Molecular Basis of FXR Antagonism
Authors: Huang Huang , Si Pei , Wang Lei , Xu Yong , Xu Xin , Zhu Jin , Jiang Hualiang , Li Weihua , Chen Lili , Li Jian
Published: May 2015

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays an important role in the regulation of cholesterol, lipid, and glucose metabolism. Recently, several studies on the molecular basis of FXR antagonism have been reported. However, none of these studies employs an FXR antagonist with nonsteroidal scaffold. On the basis of our previously reported FXR antagonist with a trisubstituted isoxazole scaffold, a novel nonsteroidal FXR ligand was designed and used as a lead for structural modification. In total, 39 new trisubstituted isoxazole derivatives were designed and synthesized, which led to pharmacological profiles ranging from agonist to antagonist toward FXR. Notably, compound 5s (4′‐[(3‐{[3‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐(2‐thienyl)isoxazol‐4‐yl]methoxy}‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl]biphenyl‐2‐carboxylic acid), containing a thienyl‐substituted isoxazole ring, displayed the best antagonistic activity against FXR with good cellular potency (IC50=12.2±0.2 μM). Eventually, this compound was used as a probe in a molecular dynamics simulation assay. Our results allowed us to propose an essential molecular basis for FXR antagonism, which is consistent with a previously reported antagonistic mechanism; furthermore, E467 on H12 was found to be a hot‐spot residue and may be important for the future design of nonsteroidal antagonists of FXR.
Survival benefit of levetiracetam in patients treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide for glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Kim Young‐Hoon , Kim Tackeun , Joo Jin‐Deok , Han Jung Ho , Kim Yu Jung , Kim In Ah , Yun Chang‐Ho , Kim Chae‐Yong
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUND

A chemosensitizing effect of levetiracetam (LEV) has been suggested because LEV inhibits O‐6 methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). However, the survival benefit of LEV has not been clinically documented. The objective of this study was to assess the survival benefit of LEV compared with other antiepileptic drugs as a chemosensitizer to temozolomide for patients with glioblastoma.

METHODS

In total, 103 consecutive patients with primary glioblastoma who received concomitant chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide were retrospectively reviewed, and 58 patients (56%) received LEV during temozolomide chemotherapy for at least 3 months. A Cox regression survival analysis was performed to adjust for confounding factors, including age, extent of lesion, Karnofsky performance scale score, extent of removal, and MGMT promoter methylation status.

RESULTS

The median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients who received LEV in combination with temozolomide (PFS: median, 9.4 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.5‐11.3 months; OS: median, 25.7 months; 95% CI, 21.7‐29.7 months) were significantly longer than those for patients who did not receive LEV (PFS: median, 6.7 months; 95% CI, 5.8‐7.6 months; OS: median, 16.7 months; 95% CI, 12.1‐21.3 months; P = .010 and P = .027, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the variables that were identified as significant prognostic factors for OS were preoperative Karnofsky performance scale score (hazard ratio [HR], 0.37; P = .016), MGMT promoter methylation (HR, 0.30; P = .002), and receipt of LEV (HR, 0.31; P < .001.

CONCLUSIONS

LEV may provide a survival benefit in patients with glioblastoma who receive temozolomide‐based chemotherapy. A prospective randomized study may be indicated. Cancer 2015;121:2926–2932. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Altered proliferative ability of neuronal progenitors in PlexinA1 mutant mice
Authors: Andrews William D. , Davidson Kathryn , Tamamaki Nobuaki , Ruhrberg Christiana , Parnavelas John G.
Published: May 2015

Cortical interneurons are generated predominantly in the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) and migrate through the ventral and dorsal telencephalon before taking their final positions within the developing cortical plate. Previously we demonstrated that interneurons from Robo1 knockout (Robo1−/−) mice contain reduced levels of neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) and PlexinA1 receptors, rendering them less responsive to the chemorepulsive actions of semaphorin ligands expressed in the striatum and affecting their course of migration (Hernandez‐Miranda et al. [2011] J. Neurosci. 31:6174–6187). Earlier studies have highlighted the importance of Nrp1 and Nrp2 in interneuron migration, and here we assess the role of PlexinA1 in this process. We observed significantly fewer cells expressing the interneuron markersGad67andLhx6in the cortex ofPlexinA1−/−mice compared with wild‐type littermates at E14.5 and E18.5. Although the level of apoptosis was similar in the mutant and control forebrain, proliferation was significantly reduced in the former. Furthermore, progenitor cells in the MGE ofPlexinA1−/−mice appeared to be poorly anchored to the ventricular surface and showed reduced adhesive properties, which may account for the observed reduction in proliferation. Together our data uncover a novel role for PlexinA1 in forebrain development. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:518–534, 2016. © 2015 The Authors The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of peroxiredoxins and thioredoxins in the mouse spinal cord during embryonic development
Authors: Pirson Marc , Knoops Bernard
Published: May 2015

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are natural byproducts of cellular metabolism. Although these molecules are deleterious at high concentrations, moderate levels of ROS/RNS are essential for normal cell function and take part in numerous cellular processes. The regulation of ROS/RNS is largely attended by peroxiredoxins (Prdxs) and their main reductants, thioredoxins (Trxs). Through their oxidoreductase activities, the members of the Trx/Prdx system can also affect certain cellular processes, notably many implicated in central nervous system (CNS) development. Although several studies have investigated the expression of Prdxs and Trxs in mouse, rat, and human adult CNS, few data are available concerning embryonic stages. In this work, we use immunofluorescence analyses to study the distribution of these enzymes during prenatal mouse spinal cord development. Our results highlight several patterns that contrast with available data for the adult. Indeed, Prdx1, Prdx4, and Prdx6, which are expressed in glial cells in the adult CNS, present clear neuronal localization in mouse spinal cord during embryonic development. Additionally, Prdx1, Prdx2, and to a lesser extent Prdx4, Prdx6, and Trx1 are localized mainly in the nucleus of neural cells. Finally, we identified a consistent, intense expression of all Prdxs and Trxs in groups of cells located in ventral regions of the spinal cord that express motor neuronal markers. These striking expression patterns suggest novel functions of these enzymes at these stages and offer clues to the role of the Trx/Prdx system during embryonic development of the spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2599–2617, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low‐latency Java communication devices on RDMA‐enabled networks
Authors: Expósito Roberto R. , Taboada Guillermo L. , Ramos Sabela , Touriño Juan , Doallo Ramón
Published: May 2015

Providing high‐performance inter‐node communication is a key capability for running high performance computing applications efficiently on parallel architectures. In fact, current systems deployments are aggregating a significant number of cores interconnected via advanced networking hardware with Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) mechanisms, that enable zero‐copy and kernel‐bypass features. The use of Java for parallel programming is becoming more promising thanks to some useful characteristics of this language, particularly its built‐in multithreading support, portability, easy‐to‐learn properties, and high productivity, along with the continuous increase in the performance of the Java virtual machine. However, current parallel Java applications generally suffer from inefficient communication middleware, mainly based on protocols with high communication overhead that do not take full advantage of RDMA‐enabled networks. This paper presents efficient low‐level Java communication devices that overcome these constraints by fully exploiting the underlying RDMA hardware, providing low‐latency and high‐bandwidth communications for parallel Java applications. The performance evaluation conducted on representative RDMA networks and parallel systems has shown significant point‐to‐point performance increases compared with previous Java communication middleware, allowing to obtain up to 40% improvement in application‐level performance on 4096 cores of a Cray XE6 supercomputer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assembly of Mesoporous Metal–Organic Framework Templated by an Ionic Liquid/Ethylene Glycol Interface
Authors: Sang Xinxin , Zhang Jianling , Peng Li , Liu Chengcheng , Ma Xue , Han Buxing , Yang Guanying
Published: May 2015

We propose a facile room‐temperature synthesis of a metal–organic framework (MOF) with a bimodal mesoporous structure (3.9 and 17‐28 nm) in an ionic liquid (IL)/ethylene glycol (EG) mixture. The X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that MOF formation can be efficiently promoted by the presence of the EG/IL interface at room temperature. The MOFs with mesoporous networks are characterized by SEM and TEM. The formation mechanism of the mesoporous MOF in EG/IL mixture is investigated. It is proposed that the EG nanodroplets in the IL work as templates for the formation of the large mesopores. The as‐synthesized mesoporous metal–organic framework is an effective and reusable heterogeneous catalyst to catalyze the aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols.
Effects of prenatal stress and emotional reactivity of the mother on emotional and cognitive abilities in lambs
Authors: Coulon Marjorie , Nowak Raymond , Andanson Stephane , Petit Bérengère , Lévy Frédéric , Boissy Alain
Published: May 2015

Consequences of prenatal stress on emotional reactivity and cognitive abilities in offspring are under‐documented in precocial mammals. Here, we investigated to what extent emotional reactivity, judgment bias and spatial learning abilities of lambs are affected by chronic stress during late pregnancy and by their dams' emotional reactivity. The 20 highest‐responsive (HR) and 20 lowest‐responsive (LR) ewes from a population of 120 Romane ewes were selected according to their pre‐mating reactivity to social isolation in a new environment. Over the final third of pregnancy, 10 HR ewes and 10 LR ewes were exposed daily to various unpredictable aversive events such as restraint, mixing groups and transport while the other 20 selected ewes were not. In a human and an object test, prenatally‐stressed lambs were more fearful than control lambs, but the prenatal stress effect was moderated by the reactivity of the mothers: prenatally‐stressed lambs from ewes with high emotional reactivity were more affected. Prenatally‐stressed lambs did not perform as well as control lambs in a maze test and showed pessimistic‐like judgment in a cognitive bias test. Prenatally‐stressed lambs were thus characterized by a negative affective state with increased fear reactions and impaired cognitive evaluation. The development of negative moods could have long‐lasting consequences on the coping strategies of the lambs in response to their rearing conditions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 626–636, 2015.
Zebrafish cerebrospinal fluid mediates cell survival through a retinoid signaling pathway
Authors: Chang Jessica T. , Lehtinen Maria K. , Sive Hazel
Published: May 2015

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) includes conserved factors whose function is largely unexplored. To assess the role of CSF during embryonic development, CSF was repeatedly drained from embryonic zebrafish brain ventricles soon after their inflation. Removal of CSF increased cell death in the diencephalon, indicating a survival function. Factors within the CSF are required for neuroepithelial cell survival as injected mouse CSF but not artificial CSF could prevent cell death after CSF depletion. Mass spectrometry analysis of the CSF identified retinol binding protein 4 (Rbp4), which transports retinol, the precursor to retinoic acid (RA). Consistent with a role for Rbp4 in cell survival, inhibition of Rbp4 or RA synthesis increased neuroepithelial cell death. Conversely, ventricle injection of exogenous human RBP4 plus retinol, or RA alone prevented cell death after CSF depletion. Zebrafish rbp4 is highly expressed in the yolk syncytial layer, suggesting Rbp4 protein and retinol/RA precursors can be transported into the CSF from the yolk. In accord with this suggestion, injection of human RBP4 protein into the yolk prevents neuroepithelial cell death in rbp4 loss‐of‐function embryos. Together, these data support the model that Rbp4 and RA precursors are present within the CSF and used for synthesis of RA, which promotes embryonic neuroepithelial survival. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 75–92, 2016
The Drosophila ortholog of the Zc3h14 RNA binding protein acts within neurons to pattern axon projection in the developing brain
Authors: Kelly Seth M. , Bienkowski Rick , Banerjee Ayan , Melicharek David J. , Brewer Zachariah A. , Marenda Daniel R. , Corbett Anita H. , Moberg Kenneth H.
Published: May 2015

The dNab2 polyadenosine RNA binding protein is the D. melanogaster ortholog of the vertebrate ZC3H14 protein, which is lost in a form of inherited intellectual disability (ID). Human ZC3H14 can rescue D. melanogaster dNab2 mutant phenotypes when expressed in all neurons of the developing nervous system, suggesting that dNab2/ZC3H14 performs well‐conserved roles in neurons. However, the cellular and molecular requirements for dNab2/ZC3H14 in the developing nervous system have not been defined in any organism. Here we show that dNab2 is autonomously required within neurons to pattern axon projection from Kenyon neurons into the mushroom bodies, which are required for associative olfactory learning and memory in insects. Mushroom body axons lacking dNab2 project aberrantly across the brain midline and also show evidence of defective branching. Coupled with the prior finding that ZC3H14 is highly expressed in rodent hippocampal neurons, this requirement for dNab2 in mushroom body neurons suggests that dNab2/ZC3H14 has a conserved role in supporting axon projection and branching. Consistent with this idea, loss of dNab2 impairs short‐term memory in a courtship conditioning assay. Taken together these results reveal a cell‐autonomous requirement for the dNab2 RNA binding protein in mushroom body development and provide a window into potential neurodevelopmental functions of the human ZC3H14 protein. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 93–106, 2016
Monoclonal antibodies to HLA‐E bind epitopes carried by unfolded β2m‐free heavy chains
Authors: Tremante Elisa , Lo Monaco Elisa , Ingegnere Tiziano , Sampaoli Camilla , Fraioli Rocco , Giacomini Patrizio
Published: May 2015

Since HLA‐E heavy chains accumulate free of their light β2‐microglobulin (β2m) subunit, raising mAbs to folded HLA‐E heterodimers has been difficult, and mAb characterization has been controversial. Herein, mAb W6/32 and 5 HLA‐E‐restricted mAbs (MEM‐E/02, MEM‐E/07, MEM‐E/08, DT9, and 3D12) were tested on denatured, acid‐treated, and natively folded (both β2m‐associated and β2m‐free) HLA‐E molecules. Four distinct conformations were detected, including unusual, partially folded (and yet β2m‐free) heavy chains reactive with mAb DT9. In contrast with previous studies, epitope mapping and substitution scan on thousands of overlapping peptides printed on microchips revealed that mAbs MEM‐E/02, MEM‐E/07, and MEM‐E/08 bind three distinct α1 and α2 domain epitopes. All three epitopes are linear since they span just 4–6 residues and are “hidden” in folded HLA‐E heterodimers. They contain at least one HLA‐E‐specific residue that cannot be replaced by single substitutions with polymorphic HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐C, HLA‐F, and HLA‐G residues. Finally, also the MEM‐E/02 and 3D12 epitopes are spatially distinct. In summary, HLA‐E‐specific residues are dominantly immunogenic, but only when heavy chains are locally unfolded. Consequently, the available mAbs fail to selectively bind conformed HLA‐E heterodimers, and HLA‐E expression may have been inaccurately assessed in some previous oncology, reproductive immunology, virology, and transplantation studies.
Zero‐Field Splitting in {MnIII3(μ3‐O)} Core Single‐Molecule Magnets Investigated by Inelastic Neutron Scattering and High‐Field Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Sigrist Marc , L. W. Tregenna‐Piggott Philip , S. Pedersen Kasper , A. Sørensen Mikkel , Barra Anne‐Laure , Hauser Jürg , Liu Shi‐Xia , Decurtins Silvio , Mutka Hannu , Bendix Jesper
Published: May 2015

The global zero‐field splitting (ZFS) parameters of three, ferromagnetically coupled, μ3‐κ3‐[XO4]– (X = Cl, Re) capped, manganese(III) oximate single‐molecule magnets, [Mn3O(R‐sao)3(2,4′‐bipyridine)3XO4] [X = Cl, R = Me, Et; X = Re, R = Me; Me‐sao = 2‐hydroxyphenylethanone oximate(2–)], with crystallographic trigonal symmetry were determined by use of inelastic neutron scattering and high‐field/high‐frequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. ReO4– (O···O ca. 1.7 Å) is larger than ClO4– (O···O ca. 1.4 Å), which allows more parallel alignment of the local ZFS tensors. However, this chemical modification results in concomitant distortions in the equatorial ligand plane. Consistent parametrization of all spectroscopic data was achieved, and effective spin‐reversal barriers determined from alternating current susceptibility data were shown to be in good accordance with the energy barriers deduced from spectroscopy.
Vicinal Functionalization of N‐Alkoxyenamines: Tandem Umpolung Phenylation–Nucleophilic Addition Reaction Sequence
Authors: Sato Shohei , Takeda Norihiko , Miyoshi Tetsuya , Ueda Masafumi , Miyata Okiko
Published: May 2015

The vicinal functionalization of N‐alkoxyenamines, derived in situ from aldehydes and isoxazolidines, has been achieved with the formation of two new carbon–carbon bonds by utilizing an organo‐aluminum reagent and subsequent allylmagnesium bromide or tributyltin cyanide as external carbon‐centered nucleophiles. By changing the second carbon nucleophile, various amine derivatives were obtained in good yields.
Pilot production of Clonostachys rosea conidia in a solid‐state fermentor optimized using response surface methodology
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Gao Xin , Liu Junhong , Ge Yinlin
Published: May 2015

The nonpathogenic, saprophytic fungus Clonostachys rosea is one of the most powerful fungal biological control agents (BCAs). However, the production of fungal BCAs is still a major constraint for their large‐scale use and commercialization. Here, we developed a novel solid‐fermentation reactor that is light transparent and ventilated both at the top and the bottom, and optimized C. rosea cultivation conditions in solid‐state fermentation using response surface methodology. The growth area of spores provided by the novel fermentor was two times that of the traditional one. A quadratic polynomial model was developed, which indicated the effects of variables on the conidia yield. The greatest spore production of 3.50 × 1010 spores/g‐dry‐matter was obtained after 11 days at the initial moisture content of 69.2% w/w, the medium thickness of 3.84 cm, and the porosity of 0.37%. The optimized spore yield was increased by one order of magnitude. The fermentation time was shortened from 15 to 11 days. With the novel solid‐fermentation reactor, increase in C. rosea spores production and decrease in fermentation time were achieved. Current data imply that both the novel solid‐fermentation reactor designed and the optimized fermentation conditions are suitable for industrial‐scale C. rosea spore production.
Pilot‐scale evaluation of concentrated piperazine for CO2 capture at an Australian coal‐fired power station: duration experiments
Authors: Cousins Ashleigh , Nielsen Paul , Huang Sanger , Cottrell Aaron , Chen Eric , Rochelle Gary T , Feron Paul H M
Published: May 2015

Duration operation was completed as the final stage of evaluating concentrated piperazine as a CO2 capture solvent at the Tarong pilot plant. For the duration tests, a single operating set‐point was maintained for an extended period of time. The purpose of the duration tests was to monitor the formation of degradation products and the robustness of the solvent. Two duration tests were conducted that differed only in the regeneration temperature used (125 or 155 °C). Four hundred twenty‐five hours of operation were achieved on the solvent with a regeneration temperature of 125 °C. This was followed by a further 421 h of operation with a regeneration temperature of 155 °C, giving a total operating time on the solvent of 1700 h by the end of the project. For the duration experiments, roughly 500 tonnes of flue gas was treated, and approximately 70 tonnes of CO2 captured. The heat stable salt (HSS) measured in highest concentration was formate, with the rate of formation increasing with regeneration temperature. The effect of pre‐treatment could be seen with sulfate concentration in the solvent increasing sharply when caustic supply to the pre‐treatment column was interrupted. Despite the formation of degradation products in the solvent regeneration energy requirements were not notably effected. For operation up to 1700 h on a real coal flue gas, no loss of plant performance was observed. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The spatial heterogeneity of riverbed saturated permeability coefficient in the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Xi Haiyang , Zhang Lu , Feng Qi , Si Jianhua , Chang Zongqiang , Yu Tengfei , Li Jianguo
Published: May 2015

In arid region, direct infiltration from rainfall contributes little to groundwater compared with localized recharge from streams. How to quantify riverbed infiltration to groundwater systems is an important area of research in hydrology. In this study, saturated permeability coefficient of a riverbed in an arid inland river basin located in the northwest of China was obtained by Guelph Permeameter and laboratory analysis methods. The characteristics of riverbed infiltration and its spatial patterns were analysed using geostatistical method and kriging method. The results showed that the saturated permeability coefficient varied from 0.089 to 2.802 m/d, indicating moderate degree of variability. The Guelph Permeameter and laboratory test methods provided consistent estimates of saturated permeability coefficient. There was a strong spatial correlation for Kfs of the riverbed in this study area when Range (A) was less than 0.276°, suggesting that the maximum sampling distance for saturated permeability coefficient of the riverbed was 0.276° under isotropic conditions. The Kfs near the centre of the riverbed was higher than the value near riverbank. The Kfs values decreased in the direction of upstream to downstream in the Heihe River Basin. The riverbed mechanical composition, initial soil water content and bulk density have significant influence up on the riverbed infiltration. Besides, the topographical factors including the width, altitude and distance factors of the riverbed together impacted the riverbed infiltration and the slope of the riverbed and also influenced the riverbed infiltration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Progress on Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Based Counter Electrodes for Cost‐Effective Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Balasingam Suresh Kannan , Jun Yongseok
Published: May 2015

Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are one type of highly efficient low‐cost solar cells among third‐generation photovoltaic devices. Replacing the expensive components of DSSCs with alternative inexpensive and earth‐abundant materials would further reduce their price in the solar cell market. Recently, graphene‐based low‐cost counter electrodes (CEs) have been developed, which could serve as a potential alternative to the expensive platinum‐based CEs. In this review article, we have summarized recent research on various reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐based composite CE materials, methods for their synthesis, their catalytic activity, and the effective utilization of such CEs in DSSCs. The photovoltaic performance of DSSCs made of rGO‐based composite CEs were compared with the reference Pt‐based cells, and the photovoltaic parameters are summarized in tables.
Silver nanoparticles affect the neural development of zebrafish embryos
Authors: Xin Qi , Rotchell Jeanette M. , Cheng Jinping , Yi Jun , Zhang Qiang
Published: May 2015

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used in commercial products. This study aims to understand the impact of AgNPs on the early developmental stages in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Embryos were exposed to two sizes of AgNPs at three dose levels, as well to free Ag+ ions, for a range of 4–96 h post‐fertilization (hpf). The acute exposure study showed that exposure to AgNPs affected the neurological development, and the exposed embryos exhibited anomalies such as small head with hypoplastic hindbrain, small eye and cardiac defects. At the molecular level, AgNPs altered the expression profiles of neural development‐related genes (gfap, huC and ngn1), metal‐sensitive metallothioneins and ABCC genes in exposed embryos. The expression of AhR2 and Cyp1A, which are usually considered to mediate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity, were also significantly changed. A size‐dependent uptake of AgNPs was observed, whereby 4 nm AgNPs were more efficiently taken up compared with the 10 nm‐sized particles. Importantly, the head area accumulated AgNPs more efficiently than the trunk area of exposed zebrafish embryos. No free Ag+ ions, which can be potentially released from the AgNP solutions, were detected. This study suggests that AgNPs could affect the neural development of zebrafish embryos, and the toxicity of AgNPs may be partially attributed to the comparatively higher uptake in the head area. These results indicate the potential neurotoxicity of AgNPs and could be extended to other aquatic organisms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A DFT study on the insertion of CO2 into styrene oxide catalyzed by 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐Imidazolium bromide ionic liquid
Authors: Marmitt Sandro , Gonçalves Paulo F. B.
Published: May 2015

Green systems able to capture or fix CO2 are becoming more important specially to reduce environmental impacts. In this work, the mechanism of insertion of CO2 into styrene oxide (STYO) both in the absence and presence of the catalyst 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium bromide (BMIm Br) was investigated through calculations based on density functional theory in the ωB97X‐D level. Two different routes were considered and it was shown they are energetically available and compete against each other. For both routes, the rate‐determinant step is the ring opening of STYO resulting from the nucleophilic attack of the Br− on the C atom from STYO and is associated mainly to the participation of the cation and the anion from the catalyst in the reaction. Reactive indices and noncovalent interaction analysis were used as a tool to investigate this reason. This work allowed a better comprehension of the underlying mechanism and the supplied data provide valuable support for the design of new more efficient ionic liquid catalyst. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improper Coloring of Sparse Graphs with a Given Girth, II: Constructions
Authors: Kim Jaehoon , Kostochka Alexandr , Zhu Xuding
Published: May 2015

A graph G is ‐colorable if can be partitioned into two sets and so that the maximum degree of is at most j and of is at most k. While the problem of verifying whether a graph is (0, 0)‐colorable is easy, the similar problem with in place of (0, 0) is NP‐complete for all nonnegative j and k with . Let denote the supremum of all x such that for some constant every graph G with girth g and for every is ‐colorable. It was proved recently that . In a companion paper, we find the exact value . In this article, we show that increasing g from 5 further on does not increase much. Our constructions show that for every g, . We also find exact values of for all g and all .
Synthesis of Some Pyrazole, Thiazole, Pyridine, and 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Derivatives Incorporating 2‐Thiazolyl Moiety
Authors: Raslan Mohamed A. , Sayed Samia M. , Khalil Mohamed A.
Published: May 2015

Reaction of N‐(5‐acetyl‐4‐methylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐cyanoacetamide 2 with hydrazonoyl chlorides (3a,b) yielded the corresponding aminopyrazole derivatives (5a,b), respectively. Reaction of 2 with α,β‐benzylidenemalononitrile derivatives 8a,b and 13a,b afforded the corresponding pyridine derivatives 12a,b and 17a,b, respectively. Treatment of 2 with phenylisothiocyanate in dimethylformamide/KOH followed by the addition of ethyl chloroacetate and the appropriate hydrazonoyl chlorides 3a,b and 27 gave the corresponding 1,3‐thiazole 21 and 1,2,4‐thiadiazole derivatives 24a,b and 30, respectively. The newly synthesized compounds were confirmed from their elemental analyses and spectral data.