bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics, experiences and actions taken by women to address delayed conception: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study protocol
Authors: Adhikary Priyanka , Roy Nivedita , Mburu Gitau , Kabra Rita , Habib Ndema Abu , Kiarie James , Dhabhai Neeta , Chowdhury Ranadip , Mazumder Sarmila
Published: March 2022

Background

The impact of infertility on mental, emotional, physical and sexual health is grave, particularly in a pronatalist society. Literature is replete with evidence of wide ranging psychosocial consequences of infertility in women, indicating the need for identifying the gaps and designing appropriate context specific interventions to improve access and utilization of services. Data that are accessible, primarily from infertility clinics and women visiting hospitals for infertility treatment; information from community settings is rare. This is a protocol paper for a study to understand women’s experiences and actions taken by them to cope with delayed conception.

Methods

Mixed-methods cross-sectional design is used to obtain deep insights into the experiences of delayed conception, coping mechanisms, medical assistance and other help sought. Information is also being obtained on socio-demographic profile, fertility intentions, fertility quality of life, general medical history, obstetric, gynecological and sexual history, substance use and mental health status. A sample of 1530 women will be administered 4 modules of a quantitative survey. Focus group discussions, about four or till saturation point, will be conducted using purposive sampling. The study is recruiting from a population of women who previously participated in the ‘Women and Infants Integrated Interventions for Growth Study (WINGS) and failed to conceive during 18 months follow up period. Data collected through questionnaire will be assembled, cleaned, analyzed and reported. The findings will be disseminated through reports with the ethics review committee, government entities, academic and research publications.

Discussion

This study will provide insights on the experiences and coping strategies of women with delayed conception in the study community. Results will assist in designing appropriate interventions to meet the holistic health and psychosocial needs of women with delayed conception and promote sexual and reproductive health within the broader framework of Sustainable Development Goals and Universal health coverage.

Trial registration

Trial registration number: CTRI/2020/03/023955.
A simulation-based assessment of the ability to detect thresholds in chronic risk concentration-response functions in the presence of exposure measurement error
Authors: Glasgow Garrett , Ramkrishnan Bharat , Smith Anne E.
Published: March 2022

An important question when setting appropriate air quality standards for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is whether there exists a “threshold” in the concentration-response (C-R) function, such that PM2.5 levels below this threshold are not expected to produce adverse health effects. We hypothesize that measurement error may affect the recognition of a threshold in long-term cohort epidemiological studies. This study conducts what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first simulation of the effects of measurement error on the statistical models commonly employed in long-term cohort studies. We test the degree to which classical-type measurement error, such as differences between the true population-weighted exposure level to a pollutant and the observed measures of that pollutant, affects the ability to statistically detect a C-R threshold. The results demonstrate that measurement error can obscure the existence of a threshold in a cohort study’s C-R function for health risks from chronic exposures. With increased measurement error the ability to statistically detect a C-R threshold decreases, and both the estimated location of the C-R threshold and the estimated hazard ratio associated with PM2.5 are attenuated. This result has clear implications for determining appropriate air quality standards for pollutants.
An international validation of the Bolton Unistride Scale (BUSS) of tenacity
Authors: Kannangara Chathurika , Allen Rosie , Hochard Kevin D. , Carson Jerome
Published: March 2022

Academic success at University is increasingly believed to be a combination of personal characteristics like grit, resilience, strength-use, self-control, mind-set and wellbeing. The authors have developed a short 12-item measure of tenacity, the Bolton Uni-Stride Scale (BUSS) which incorporates these elements. Previous work in the UK had established the reliability and validity of the BUSS. The present paper reports the findings of an International validation of BUSS across 30 countries (n = 1043). Participants completed the BUSS alongside other recognised scales. Factor analysis revealed an almost identical two-factor solution to previous work and the reliability and validity of the scale were supported using an international sample. The authors recommend however that the scale be used as a single score combining all 12 items. In the light of this, the authors suggest that the BUSS will be a useful measure to incorporate in studies of academic attainment.
Anatomic development of the upper airway during the first five years of life: A three-dimensional imaging study
Authors: Chuang Ying Ji , Hwang Seong Jae , Buhr Kevin A. , Miller Courtney A. , Avey Gregory D. , Story Brad H. , Vorperian Houri K.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Normative data on the growth and development of the upper airway across the sexes is needed for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital and acquired respiratory anomalies and to gain insight on developmental changes in speech acoustics and disorders with craniofacial anomalies.

Methods

The growth of the upper airway in children ages birth to 5 years, as compared to adults, was quantified using an imaging database with computed tomography studies from typically developing individuals. Methodological criteria for scan inclusion and airway measurements included: head position, histogram-based airway segmentation, anatomic landmark placement, and development of a semi-automatic centerline for data extraction. A comprehensive set of 2D and 3D supra- and sub-glottal measurements from the choanae to tracheal opening were obtained including: naso-oro-laryngo-pharynx subregion volume and length, each subregion’s superior and inferior cross-sectional-area, and antero-posterior and transverse/width distances.

Results

Growth of the upper airway during the first 5 years of life was more pronounced in the vertical and transverse/lateral dimensions than in the antero-posterior dimension. By age 5 years, females have larger pharyngeal measurement than males. Prepubertal sex-differences were identified in the subglottal region.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate the importance of studying the growth of the upper airway in 3D. As the lumen length increases, its shape changes, becoming increasingly elliptical during the first 5 years of life. This study also emphasizes the importance of methodological considerations for both image acquisition and data extraction, as well as the use of consistent anatomic structures in defining pharyngeal regions.
On the possibility of oscillating in the Ebola virus dynamics and investigating the effect of the lifetime of T lymphocytes
Authors: Ghaemi Mehrdad , Shojafar Mina , Zabihinpour Zahra , Asgari Yazdan
Published: March 2022

Ebola virus (EBOV) targets immune cells and tries to inactivate dendritic cells and interferon molecules to continue its replication process. Since EBOV detailed mechanism has not been identified so far, it would be useful to understand the growth and spread of EBOV dynamics based on mathematical methods and simulation approaches. Computational approaches such as Cellular Automata (CA) have the advantage of simplicity over solving complicated differential equations. The spread of Ebola virus in lymph nodes is studied using a simplified Cellular Automata model with only four parameters. In addition to considering healthy and infected cells, this paper also considers T lymphocytes as well as cell movement ability during the simulation in order to investigate different scenarios in the dynamics of an EBOV system. It is shown that the value of the probability of death of T cells affects the number of infected cells significantly in the steady-state. For a special case of parameters set, the system shows oscillating dynamics. The results were in good agreement with an ordinary differential equation-based model which indicated CA method in combination with experimental discoveries could help biologists find out more about the EBOV mechanism and hopefully to control the disease.
The feasibility of soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) ratio biomarker in predicting preeclampsia and adverse pregnancy outcomes among medium to high risk mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Aminuddin Nurul Afzan , Sutan Rosnah , Mahdy Zaleha Abdullah , Rahman Rahana Abd , Nasuruddin Dian Nasriana
Published: March 2022

Background

Preeclampsia significantly contributes to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is imperative to identify women at risk of developing preeclampsia in the effort to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes through early intervention. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) level changes are noticeable several weeks before the onset of preeclampsia and its related complications. This study evaluated the feasibility of the sFlt-1/PlGF biomarker ratio in predicting preeclampsia and adverse pregnancy outcomes using a single cut-off point of >38.

Methods

This is a prospective cohort study conducted at a single tertiary centre, in an urban setting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, between December 2019 and April 2021. A total of 140 medium to high risk mothers with singleton pregnancies were recruited at ≥20 weeks’ gestation. sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was measured and the participant monitored according to a research algorithm until delivery. The primary outcome measure was incidence of preeclampsia and the secondary outcome measure was incidence of other adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Results

The overall incidence of preeclampsia was 20.7% (29/140). The mean sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was significantly higher in preeclampsia (73.58 ± 93.49) compared to no preeclampsia (13.41 ± 21.63) (p = 0.002). The risk of preeclampsia (adjusted OR 28.996; 95% CI 7.920–106.164; p<0.001) and low Apgar score (adjusted OR 17.387; 95% CI 3.069–98.517; p = 0.028) were significantly higher among women with sFlt-1/PlGF ratio >38 compared with sFLT-1/PlGF ratio ≤38. The area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC) for a combined approach (maternal clinical characteristics and biomarker) was 86.9% (p<0.001, 95% CI 78.7–95.0) compared with AUC biomarker alone, which was 74.8% (p<0.001, 95% CI 63.3–86.3) in predicting preeclampsia. The test sensitivity(SEN) was 58.6%, specificity (SPEC) 91%,positive predictive value (PPV) 63% and negative predictive value (NPV) 89.3% for prediction of preeclampsia. For predicting a low Apgar score at 5 minutes, the SEN was 84.6%, SPEC 87.4%, PPV 40.7%, and NPV 98.2%; low birth weight with SEN 52.6%,SPEC 86.0%, PPV 37.0%, NPV 92.0%; premature delivery with SEN 48.5%, SPEC 89.5%, PPV 59.3%, NPV 84.7% and NICU admission with SEN 50.0%, SPEC 85.8%, PPV 37.0% and NPV 91.2%.

Conclusions

It is feasible to use single cut-off point of >38 ratio of the biomarkers sFlt-1/PlGF in combination with other parameters (maternal clinical characteristics) in predicting preeclampsia and adverse pregnancy outcomes among medium to high risk mothers without restricting outcome measurement period to 1 and 4 weeks in a single urban tertiary centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Questionnaires measuring movement behaviours in adults and older adults: Content description and measurement properties. A systematic review
Authors: Rodrigues Bruno , Encantado Jorge , Carraça Eliana , Sousa-Sá Eduarda , Lopes Luís , Cliff Dylan , Mendes Romeu , Silva Marlene Nunes , Godinho Cristina , Santos Rute
Published: March 2022

Background

Sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity are constituent parts of a 24h period and there are several questionnaires to measure these movement behaviours, the objective was to systematically review the literature on content and measurement properties of self- and proxy-reported questionnaires measuring movement behaviours in adults and older adults.

Methods

The databases PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched until April 2021. Articles were included if: the questionnaires were design for adults and older adults; the sample size for validity studies had at least 50 participants; at least, both validity and test-retest reliability results of questionnaire that were developed specifically to measure the amount of sleep, sedentary behaviour or physical activity, or their combination were reported; and articles had to be written in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, German, Italian or Chinese.

Findings and conclusions

Data extraction, results, studies’ quality, and risk of bias were evaluated using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines. Fifty-five articles were included in this review, describing 60 questionnaires. None of the questionnaires showed adequate criterion validity and adequate reliability, simultaneously; 68.3% showed adequate content validity. The risk of bias for criterion validity and reliability were very low in 72.2% and 23.6% of the studies, respectively. Existing questionnaires have insufficient measurement properties and frequent methodologic limitations, and none was developed considering the 24h movement behaviour paradigm. The lack of valid and reliable questionnaires assessing 24h movement behaviours in an integrated way, precludes accurate monitoring and surveillance systems of 24h movement behaviours.
Distinction of Paramecium strains by a combination method of RAPD analysis and multiplex PCR
Authors: Matsumoto Sonoko , Watanabe Kenta , Kiyota Hiroko , Tachibana Masato , Shimizu Takashi , Watarai Masahisa
Published: March 2022

Paramecium is employed as a valuable model organism in various research fields since a large number of strains with different characteristics of size, morphology, degree of aging, and type of conjugation can be obtained. It is necessary to determine a method for the classification and simple identification of strains to increase their utility as a research tool. This study attempted to establish a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method to differentiate strains of the same species. Genomic DNA was purified from several strains of P. caudatum, P. tetraurelia, and P. bursaria used for comparison by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR method. In P. tetraurelia and P. bursaria, it was sufficiently possible to distinguish specific strains depending on the pattern of random primers and amplification characteristics. For the classification of P. caudatum, based on the sequence data obtained by RAPD-PCR analysis, 5 specific primer sets were designed and a multiplex PCR method was developed. The comparative analysis of 2 standard strains, 12 recommended strains, and 12 other strains of P. caudatum provided by the National BioResource Project was conducted, and specific strains were identified. This multiplex PCR method would be an effective tool for the simple identification of environmental isolates or the management of Paramecium strains.
The relation of dietary components with severity of obstructive sleep apnea in Cypriot patients: A randomized, stratified epidemiological study
Authors: Chrysostomou Stavri , Frangopoulos Frangiskos , Koutras Yiannis , Andreou Kosmia , Socratous Lydia , Giannakou Konstantinos
Published: March 2022

Background

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is considered a public health problem and its prevalence is increasing at an epidemic rate. The aim of this study was to examine whether individual nutrients (macronutrients, antioxidant vitamins) rather than energy restriction may potentially affect OSA severity in a representative population of Cyprus.

Methods

A total sample of 303 adults (>18 years old) with Cypriot citizenship and permanently residing in Cyprus were randomly selected. Selected patients have completed the food frequency questionnaire, and a physical activity questionnaire and underwent a sleep study to assess OSA severity.

Results

Overall, 303 patients were included in this study, 169 (55.8%) had mild OSA (apnea-hypopnea index—AHI <15) and the remaining 83 (27.4%) had moderate to severe OSA (AHI>15). The mean age of all patients was 55.7 years old. Patients with moderate to severe OSA had significant higher BMI levels, higher consumption of calories, higher hip circumference, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and neck circumference and higher consumption of folic acid compared with the patients with mild OSA (p<0.05).

Conclusions

The findings suggest that increased energy intake regardless diet macronutrient composition is positively associated with OSA severity whereas higher folic acid intake seems to have a protective role.
Experience in different modes of delivery in twin pregnancy
Authors: Chen Jung , Shen Hung , Chen Yi Teng , Chen Chin-Ho , Lee Kuang-Han , Torng Pao-Ling
Published: March 2022

Background/purpose

Vaginal delivery, compared with Cesarean delivery, remains a less chosen mode of delivery for twin pregnancy. We studied the maternal and perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancy with different modes of delivery.

Methods

A retrospective study with data collected from a regional hospital, including vital twin pregnancies delivered at gestational age of 32 weeks and above. Medical charts were reviewed for prenatal conditions and postpartum outcomes.

Results

Ninety-eight pairs of twins were included and 44.9% were delivered via vaginal delivery. Women in the vaginal delivery group were significantly younger (32.5 ±4.3 years versus 34.8 ±4.6 years, p < 0.01), multiparous (34.1% versus 18.5%) and with more twins in vertex-vertex presentation (70.5% versus 33.3%) compared with women in the Cesarean delivery group. There were no differences between maternal postpartum complications and neonatal outcomes in both groups. The outcomes showed longer inter-twin delivery time interval (5.7 ± 5.6 versus 1.5 ± 0.9 min, p < 0.01), less estimated blood loss (198.7 ± 144.1 versus 763.2 ± 332.3 mL, p < 0.01), and shorter maternal hospital stay (3.0 ± 0.5 versus 5.7 ± 0.5 days, p< 0.01) in the vaginal delivery group. Twenty newborns had Apgar score below seven at birth. Logistic regression analysis revealed that low Apgar score was independently related to younger maternal age, maternal obstetric diseases and fetal non-vertex presentation. Gestational weeks and mode of delivery were not related to low Apgar score.

Conclusion

With careful case selection, vaginal delivery could be safely performed in twin pregnancies with less estimated blood loss and better recovery than Cesarean delivery.
Evaluation of anthropometric indices as a predictor of diabetes in Dong and Miao ethnicities in China: A cross-sectional analysis of China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Qianyuan , Liu Yalan , Jin Zhaofeng , Liu Leilei , Yuan Zhiping , Xu Degan , Hong Feng
Published: March 2022

Background

Although it is known that obesity is inseparable from diabetes, many anthropometric indices are used for determining obesity. At the same time, research on the predictive indices of diabetes in Chinese minority populations is lacking. Therefore, this study determines the relationship between different anthropometric indices and diabetes, and identifies the best index and best cut-off values for predicting diabetes.

Method

In total, 11,035 Dong and Miao ethnic participants (age: 30–79 years) from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study were included. The logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between the different anthropometric indices and diabetes risk. The receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to identify the best predictor of diabetes.

Results

In multivariate adjusted logistic regression models, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), and visceral adiposity index (VAI) were positively correlated with diabetes risk. Among Chinese Dong men and women and Miao men, WHR had the largest AUC (0.654/0.719/0.651). Among Miao women, VAI had the largest AUC(0.701). The best cut-off values of WHR for Dong men and women and Miao men were 0.94, 0.92, and 0.91, respectively. The best cut-off value of VAI for Miao women was 2.20.

Conclusion

Obesity indicators better predict diabetes in women than men. WHR may be the best predictor of diabetes risk in both sex of Dong ethnicity and Miao men, and VAI may be the best predictor of diabetes risk in Miao women.
Dystopic pasts: Missionaries, Māori and literacy sense-making in nineteenth-century New Zealand
Authors: Sligo Frank
Published: March 2022

Sometimes insights into the future, including possible dystopic futures, may be gleaned from examining dystopic pasts. Early European settlement in Aotearoa New Zealand, including the arrival of new diseases for which the people had no defences, created many dystopic outcomes for Māori. However, Māori realized how European technologies, including literacy, could be usefully adopted and adapted. By the early 1800s, probably more Māori were print literate in the Māori language than Pākehā (European New Zealanders) were literate in English. Different literacies, including sign and recitation, were employed within the intensely oral lives of Māori. While the exceptional memorization skills of pre-European Māori would gradually decline as conventional forms of literacy became embedded, a new synthesis of literacy and orality developed. Literacy did not prevent colonization’s dystopic outcomes, but it became a technology that Māori selectively modified and was influential in their retaining agency in creating their future.
1921: ¿qué modelos heroicos para el centenario de la independencia centroamericana?
Authors: Lacaze Catherine
Published: March 2022

Independencia y unionismo van de la mano en Centroamérica. O por lo menos eso se intentó reafirmar en el marco de las conmemoraciones de 1921 a pesar del fracaso de la reconstrucción de la unión política. Estudiar los modelos heroicos que se celebraron durante estas festividades permite poner de realce los proyectos sociales en pugna, tanto a nivel nacional como regional. Por un lado, se actualizan los héroes oficiales, y por otro se incorporan nuevas figuras a los panteones en un intento por cuestionar una visión excluyente y homogénea de la nación heredada del siglo XIX. La circulación, negociación y apropiación de las figuras heroicas se estudian aquí principalmente a través de artículos de prensa y de textos escolares.
Nación e identidad hacia el primer centenario de la independencia del Perú: La ópera Ollanta y el resurgimiento del teatro histórico en lima 1900-1921
Authors: Rengifo Carpio David Carlos
Published: March 2022

En el presente estudio se analizará el rol cumplido por el teatro histórico dentro del proceso de construcción de la nación en el Perú en los años previos y durante la celebración del centenario de la independencia, en 1921. El estudio se lleva a cabo a través del caso específico del impacto y derrotero de la ópera Ollanta: escrita durante la ocupación chilena en Lima, a fines del siglo XIX, estrenada en el año 1900 con un resultado modesto, sin mayores auspicios y sin apoyo oficial, pero que fue reestrenada en 1920 y 1921 con gran éxito, contando, además, con el apoyo e instrumentalización del Estado Leguiista. Nuestro estudio se ha centrado en los sucesos de la ciudad de Lima, entendiéndola como parte de un contexto de tránsito hacia un momento cualitativamente diferente en el proceso de construcción del Estado-nación: de la Republica Aristocrática a los inicios del régimen Leguiista.
Célébrer l'unité nationale: le Centenaire de l'indépendance de 1921 et les contradictions de la Patria Nueva au Pérou
Authors: Dagicour Ombelyne
Published: March 2022

En 1921, la commémoration du centenaire est l’occasion pour le président Leguía d’affirmer l’image d’une nation « moderne » et l’intérêt du régime de la Patrie Nouvelle pour le développement matériel et social. Le faste des festivités et l’unité apparente de ce moment d’exaltation nationale ne doivent cependant pas masquer la simultanéité de profondes dynamiques de contestations intérieures de l’ordre politique et social, laissant apparaître une société péruvienne très polarisé. Au-delà de la propagande des discours officiels, cet article propose de repositionner le centenaire dans son contexte socio-politique afin de mieux comprendre les contradictions du projet libéral modernisateur léguiiste et éclairer la fragilité d’un État-nation péruvien en cours de construction en cette décennie 1920.
Válogatás a fejlodesgazdasagtan.hu oldalon megjelent cikkekből
Authors: Vida Cecília
Published: March 2022

2020. május 5-én indítottuk útjára honlapunkat a Magyar Közgazdasági Társaság Fejlődésgazdaságtani Szakosztályának keretében. Azóta a honlapon körülbelül 200 különböző publikáció jelent meg, havonta átlagosan 2500-3000 független látogatás van. A látogatások jelentős része külföldi, az Egyesült Államoktól Oroszországig nagyon sokan figyelik honlapunkat. A honlap beköszöntőjében így fogalmaztunk: “A Magyar Közgazdasági Társaság Fejlődésgazdaságtani Szakosztálya azzal a céllal jött létre, és alakult újjá négy évvel ezelőtt, hogy a hosszú és középtávú gazdaságpolitikai folyamatok elemzéséhez fórumot adjon, lehetőséget biztosítson eszmecserére a hazai közgazdász társadalomban ezekről a kérdésekről.
„Hosszú távú víziójukat tudatosan végig viszik, ahol kell korrigálják, fejlesztik” : Interjú dr. Magasházi Anikóval, a kőszegi Felsőbbfokú Tanulmányok Intézetének vezető kutatójával
Authors: Trautmann László , Magasházi Anikó
Published: March 2022

A Köz-Gazdaságban kiemelt szerepet szánunk a fejlesztéspolitika és a fejlődéspolitika elemzésének. Ennek jegyében készítettünk interjút dr. Magasházi Anikóval, a kőszegi Felsőbbfokú Tanulmányok Intézetének vezető kutatójával. Az apropót Magasházi Anikó 2018-ban megjelent, Szingapúr globálisan behálózva – magyar kitekintéssel című könyve adta, ami a Felsőbbfokú Tanulmányok Intézete kiadásában jelent meg. A könyv továbbfejlesztett változata 2021-ben jelent meg angol nyelven „Singapore Globally Entangled – Lessons for Central Europe? Epilogue on Covid 19 Impacts” címmel.
Közoktatás Dél-Koreában = Public Education in South Korea
Authors: Csáki György
Published: March 2022

A dél-koreai közoktatási rendszer sikerei vitathatatlanok: az analfabetizmus gyors felszámolása, az alapfokú oktatási rendszer gyors általánossá tétele, az átfogó szakképzési rendszer rövid időn belüli kialakítása a háború utáni korszak gyors sikereit jelentették. A közoktatási rendszer sikereit igazolják vissza a PISA-felmérésekben elért kiemelkedő teljesítmények. A felső középfokú oktatás ugyan nem kötelező (és nem is ingyenes), de csaknem teljeskörű. A felső középfokú iskolát végzett korosztály háromnegyede folytatja tanulmányait felsőfokú képzésben. Az oktatási rendszer fontos szerepet játszott és játszik a kiemelkedő gazdasági sikerekben, Dél-Korea fejlett tudásalapú gazdasággá válásában, de az oktatási rendszer önmozgása igen jelentős. Az oktatás sikerei már a gazdasági fellendülés megindulása előtt is nyilvánvalóak voltak, ebben a koreai szocio-kulturális hagyományok és a társadalomra jellemző tanulási láz szerepe sem elhanyagolható: a háztartások oktatásra fordított magas kiadásai a demográfiai visszaesés, az egy gyerekes háztartások általánossá válásának is egyik fő okát jelentik. A dél-koreai oktatási rendszer folyamatos fejlődésének további meghatározó forrása az oktatást prioritásként kezelő politika, a gazdaság strukturális átalakulásait gyorsan és hatékonyan követő oktatáspolitikai átalakulások, a hatékonyan működő centralizált oktatásirányítás és pedagógiai kreativitás szerencsés összhangja. Nem kérdéses, hogy a dél-koreai oktatási rendszer továbbra is a dinamikus gazdasági fejlődés egyik alapja marad. The successes of the South Korean public education system are indisputable: the rapid eradication of illiteracy by the early universalisation of primary education, the establishment of a comprehensive vocational training system in a short time were rapid successes of the post-war era. The success of the public education system is reflected by the county’s outstanding performance in the PISA rankings. Upper secondary education is not compulsory (and not free), but it is almost complete. Three quarters of upper secondary school leavers continue their studies at tertiary level. The success of education had been evident even before the economic recovery started, and the role of Korean socio-cultural traditions and the learning fever that has always characterised the society is not negligible: high household spending on education is one of the main reasons for the demographic decline and the prevalence of one-child households. An additional source of the development of the South Korean education system has been the high political priority of education, the education policy changes that have followed quickly and effectively the structural changes in the economy, and the happy combination of effective centralised educational management and pedagogical creativity. There is no doubt that the South Korean education system will continue to be a solid basis for economic development.
Munka, kapitalizmus és szabadság = Work, capitalism and freedom
Authors: Baranyi Dániel Martin , Csontos Tamás
Published: March 2022

A fejlodesgazdasagtan.hu hasábjain az elmúlt hetekben pezsgő vita bontakozott ki a munka fogalmával és a szabadsággal kapcsolatban. A vitában részt vevő kollégák közös kiindulópontja, hogy a munka a szabadság ellentétpárjaként jelenik meg mind a közgazdaságtudományban, mind a köznapi szóhasználatban. Jelen írásunkban a szakmai párbeszéd tanulságait szeretnénk összefoglalni. A szerzők amellett foglalnak állást, hogy a szabadság nem a munkanélküliség állapota, a munka kommodifikált, kizsákmányoló fogalmán túl a munka a szabadság gyakorlásának, a személyes fejlődésnek és a társadalmi részvételnek egyik fontos formája lehet. In the website of “Fejlodesgazdasagtan”, a lively debate has been unfolding in recent weeks about the concept of work and freedom. The common starting point was that work appears as the opposite of freedom in economic literature and in everyday language. In this paper, we aim to summarise the lessons learned from this discussion. We argue that freedom and work are not mutually exclusive concepts. In our view, a workless society cannot be an ideal. We point out that beyond the commodified, exploitative concept of work, it can also be interpreted as a form of personal development, practising freedom and participation in society.
Köztes-Európa belső határai – Kulturális, gazdasági és geopolitikai szempontok alapján = Internal boundaries of ’In-Between Europe’ – based on cultural, economic and geopolitical views
Authors: Igari András
Published: March 2022

A cikk célja, hogy a rendkívül összetett köztes-európai régió belső határvonalait és a térségre hatással lévő nagyhatalmak (német, orosz, török, olasz) befolyási zónáit meghatározza. Fő kutatási kérdése, hogy miként lehet Köztes-Európát felosztani a jelenlegi kulturális, gazdasági és geopolitikai tényezők alapján? Ehhez az etnikaiföldrajz, a gazdaságföldrajz és a geopolitika eszköztárát is használja a cikk, amely számos szakirodalmi forrás és sokrétű statisztikai adat elemzése segítségével mutatja be a térség fő kulturális, gazdasági és geopolitikai választóvonalait. Végeredményként e három résztéma segítségével a cikk egy lehetséges felosztását adja Köztes-Európának, öt alrégióra (északi, nyugati, keleti, délkeleti, délnyugati) osztva azt. The aim of this article is to define the internal boundaries of the complex 'In- Between Europe' region and the influence zones of the neighbouring major powers (German, Russian, Turkish, Italian). Its main research question is: How 'In-Between Europe' can be divided up on the basis of current cultural, economic and geopolitical factors? To do so, this article draws on the tools of ethnic geography, economic geography and geopolitics, using a wide range of literature and statistical data to describe the main internal borders in the region. The result of the article is a possible division of 'In-Between Europe' into five sub-regions (Northern, Western, Eastern, South-Eastern, South- Western) using the above mentioned three sub-themes
How can we Better Understand the Functioning of Institutions? An Unorthodox Approach : Daniel M. Brinks, Steven Levitsky, María Victoria Murillo (Eds.), The Politics of Institutional Weakness in Latin America, Cambridge University Press, 2020, 339 p.
Authors: Deák Ágnes
Published: March 2022

An exceptionally versatile book has been published by one of the most respected research communities specializing in Latin American research. The book provides a complete panorama of the latest findings in research on the institutional system. In addition to a completely new conceptual and theoretical approach, it reinforces the authors’ assumptions with a wide range of empirical research that focuses on the most relevant topics of Latin American reality, mainly in the political and the economic fields while also revealing the complex interconnectedness and interaction of different aspects. Through the combined arc of case studies it becomes evident how inextricably intertwined these areas are, how the results of political decision-making mechanisms impact different fields of economic life or certain groups in the society. The editors of the volume, namely Daniel M. Brinks (University of Texas at Austin), Steven Levitsky (Harvard University), and María Victoria Murillo (Columbia University) and the contributing authors (sixteen altogether) provide one of the most significant and extensive analyses of the functioning mechanisms of the Latin American institutional system in recent years.
Kauzalitás, közgazdaságtan és munkaerőpiac – avagy kik és miért kapták a közgazdasági nobel-díjat? : Jörn-Steffen Pischke: “Natural experiments in labour economics and beyond: The 2021 Nobel laureates David Card, Joshua Angrist, and Guido Imbens” cikke alapján
Authors: Pókász Zoltán
Published: March 2022

A közgazdászok a tudományterület szárnybontogatásakor szinte kizárólag a közgazdasági elméletekkel foglalkoztak anélkül, hogy azokat empirikusan is tesztelték volna. Milyen módszereket fejlesztettek ki annak érdekében, hogy a gyakorlatba ültessék a közgazdasági modelleket, teszteljék azok hipotéziseit? És talán még relevánsabb kérdés: hogy használhatóak ezek a módszerek a munkaerőpiaci elemzéseknél?
Útmutató tájékozódáshoz a megújult HR környezetben : Navigating the shifting landscapes of HRM, Brian Harney és David G.Collings, Human Resource Management Review Volume 31, Issue 4, December 2021, 100824
Authors: Süle Ákos
Published: March 2022

A szerzők célja, hogy bemutassák a HR-rel foglalkozó akadémiai közeg hogyan tud reagálni a HR-t is érintő globális trendekre, milyen új megközelítések szükségesek ehhez. Véleményük szerint felmerül az aggodalom, hogy a jelenlegi elméleti keret nem képes befogadni a modern kori változásokat, trendeket. Nem a kutatás mennyiségével van probléma, hanem azzal, hogy nem elég szerteágazó. A tanulmányok jellemzően 5 keretre alapoznak: erőforrás, illetve magatartástudomány alapú megközelítések, az emberi tőke elmélet, társadalmi csereelmélet és a képesség-motiváció-lehetőség elmélet.
Egy megbomlóban lévő társadalmi szerződés margójára
Authors: Szabó Dorottya
Published: March 2022

„Azok az – ázsiai, afrikai és latin-amerikai – országok, amelyek eddig szépen profitáltak a fellendülésből, lassan elkezdhetnek azon gondolkodni, mi is lesz velük ezután. A tehetős Nyugat legtöbb országában a lassuló növekedés persze már rég nem számít újdonságnak, mégis nagyon aggasztó, mert egyre jobban megbontja a korábbi társadalmi szerződést. Úgy tűnik, visszatérnek a Dickens korabeli nehéz idők, amikor a vagyonosok szembekerülnek az egyre elszigeteltebb nincstelenekkel.” – olvasható Abhijit V. Banerjee és Esther Duflo közös, 2019-ben megjelent könyvének első oldalain (Banerjee & Duflo, 2021, pp. 13., saját kiemelés)[1]. A szerzőpáros a „korábbi társadalmi szerződés” alatt minden bizonnyal John Rawls, tágabb értelemben pedig a neokonzervatívok szerződéselméletét érti, miszerint a társadalmi, illetve vagyoni kiemelkedés mindaddig legitimált, míg abból a társadalom legrosszabb helyzetben lévő, legrosszabb kilátásokkal rendelkező csoportja is profitál. Judy Garland az Óz, a csodák csodája című filmből
Estudo comparativo entre os modelos de previsão ARIMA e ETS para dados temporais da produção de leite no Brasil
Authors: Martinello Larissa Maria , Bellido Rodrigues Samuel , Hickmann Tásia , Corrêa Jairo Marlon , Lopes Teixeira Levi
Published: March 2022

A produção de leite está em constante crescimento, pois movimenta a economia e é fonte de renda para diversas famílias. Um eficaz planejamento das atividades executadas tanto por parte dos produtores de leite como dos laticínios está diretamente relacionado às expectativas em relação à produção anual do leite. A estimativa da produção de leite pode ser abordada por meio de modelos numérico-estatísticos de previsão, com auxílio de softwares como o R. Dessa forma, o presente artigo aborda uma análise comparativa da previsão de produção de leite industrializado no Brasil, por meio dos modelos ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average – Autorregressivo Integrado de Médias Móveis) e ETS (Error, Trend, Seasonal – Erro, Tendência, Sazonal). A determinação dos modelos e demais cálculos estatísticos foram realizados por meio do software livre R para séries de dados mensais e trimestrais da produção de leite, obtido pelo site do IBGE, no período de 2004 a 2018. Os modelos forneceram as previsões para o ano de 2019 e estes foram comparados com valores reais. As métricas utilizadas foram o MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error – Erro Percentual Médio Absoluto), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error – Raiz do Erro Médio Quadrático) e MAE (Mean Absolute Error – Erro Médio Absoluto), as quais indicam que o modelo ARIMA apresentou maior acurácia para ambas as séries analisadas.
Estudo da proteólise de queijos Coloniais da Serra Catarinense durante sua maturação em temperatura ambiente
Authors: Malagutti Corsato Ana Cláudia , Mikito Kottwitz Luciana Bill , Seuchuco Charles , Pramiu Debora , Gambaro Anna Caroline , De Oliveira Fariña Luciana
Published: March 2022

O queijo de produção artesanal da Serra Catarinense, conhecido como Colonial, pode ser fabricado com leite cru, exigindo assim maior cuidado durante as etapas de elaboração. A maturação, uma das etapas que pode contribuir no desenvolvimento das características sensoriais próprias de cada queijo, é um processo lento, porém pode ser acelerado pelo uso de temperaturas elevadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a proteólise em oito amostras de queijos Coloniais produzidos no estado de Santa Catarina durante 40 dias de maturação em temperatura de 24 ± 1 °C. Foram realizadas as determinações de frações nitrogenadas, proteína total, índices de extensão e de profundidade de proteólise. Os teores de proteína total, nitrogênio solúvel em pH 4,6 e nitrogênio não proteico solúvel em TCA 12% apresentaram aumento gradual nos intervalos de análise. Os resultados relativos à média da extensão de maturação variaram de 7,41% a 16,88% e da profundidade de maturação de 2,85% a 15,02%. Os resultados dos índices de maturação em temperatura ambiente dos queijos Coloniais demonstram que, por um período de 40 dias, os processos bioquímicos que ocorrem durante a maturação dos produtos promoveram a proteólise dos queijos estudados.
Diagnóstico das práticas de ordenha em unidades produtoras leiteiras do município de Sena Madureira, Acre
Authors: Silva Vanusa Jardim de Araújo , Sá Maria Aparecida Cavalcante de , Castello Branco Luciana Da Conceição
Published: March 2022

A cadeia produtiva do leite tem um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento econômico do país. O Acre passou por profundas transformações socioeconômicas principalmente na cadeia produtiva de leite. A pecuária leiteira tem representatividade significativa no estado, visto que 21,9% dos estabelecimentos rurais produz e comercializa leite. A qualidade da matéria-prima é um fator muito importante para garantir produtos seguros e de qualidade. Para tanto, as boas práticas de ordenha são indispensáveis. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o diagnóstico das práticas de ordenha das unidades produtoras leiteiras (UPLs), localizadas no município de Sena Madureira, AC. Foram visitadas 15 UPLs e observou-se os procedimentos realizados antes, durante e após a ordenha. Verificou-se que na maioria das UPLs, o ordenhador apresentava asseio pessoal (73%), não utilizava proteção capilar (60%) e não trajava roupa adequada (80%). Com relação ao local da ordenha, verificou-se que a maioria das UPLs não possuía sala de ordenha (87%), sendo realizada em estábulos e, os utensílios utilizados durante a ordenha não eram corretamente higienizados. Verificou-se ainda que não eram realizados o pré-dipping e o pós-dipping em nenhuma das UPLs. Estes dados são de grande importância, pois o ordenhador e o local da ordenha podem vir a ser uma fonte de contaminação para o leite, comprometendo a estabilidade desta matéria-prima, bem como de seus derivados. Os resultados obtidos deste trabalho mostram que grande parte das UPLs estudadas não adotavam as principais práticas consideradas necessárias para a produção de leite de qualidade.
Proposal From - Special issue on ‘Breaking the gender bias in academia and academic practice’
Authors: Walker Alexandra , Smyth Keith
Published: March 2022

The next Special Issue of the Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice (JPAAP) will be published in Autumn 2022. The focus of this issue is ‘Breaking the gender bias in academia and academic practice’ and the issue is being produced to complement this year's theme for International Women's Day 2022 which is #BreakTheBias.  The guest editors for this Special Issue are Alexandra Walker and Keith Smyth from the University of the Highlands and Islands.

Please see the Word attachment for the full call and for the proposal form to be completed. Short proposals for contributions are to be submitted by Monday 25th April 2022.
Lessons learned from reflections on supporting the transition to remote learning following the first lockdown of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Authors: Pate Amanda Geary
Published: March 2022

Higher education has a rich history of pedagogical innovation and of championing blended and online learning for its students. However, the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic required quick action to enable courses and programmes to be delivered remotely – almost overnight. Following this initial shift, preparations were made to prepare for the worst and expect the best with a new academic year on the horizon. Academics and professional services staff came together to tackle the most challenging change in higher education in more than a generation. This case study shares two models created out of the process of supporting this transition at a Scottish university. The first model provides a route and process for shifting degree course components (i.e. courses or modules) to remote learning and teaching, which can also be used to provide consistency across a degree programme in order to enhance the student experience. The second model was inspired by a cycle used in professional media practice and was adapted to encourage active learning to be embedded at the grassroots of the curriculum – essentially in every teaching and learning event. Drawing on feedback from academics involved in the process, this article identifies the lessons learned from supporting the transition of delivery that mainly had an on-campus first approach (with varying elements of blended learning), to one that features pedagogical innovation at its forefront and is now set to remain permanently in the curricula. This paper will also reflect on how the process of revamping teaching and learning due to short-term necessity has provided an opportunity for curriculum development that embraces a range of sound academic practice, including: active learning; establishing effective communication channels; community building; managing students’ expectations; as well as retaining “jewels of the curriculum” (Cousin, 2006). Furthermore, these models can be applied to any academic discipline.
Current and Future Online and Blended Learning Provisions
Authors: Barlow Alexis , Adekola Josephine , Siddiqui Noreen
Published: March 2022

This paper explores existing definitions and models of online and blended learning within the academic literature to ascertain the key elements (and different modes) of online learning and teaching provisions. These are compared with current online learning provisions within one higher education institution (HEIs) in the UK, to identify potential areas of gaps within GCU online provisions. Empirical data was collected from 42 participants including senior managers, learning technologists, and programme and module leaders and students, from across three different programmes in the University. The study sets out key characteristics and different modes of online L&T and recommendations for developing future online learning environments.
Developing a school-wide framework for blended and online learning and teaching (BOLT)
Authors: Honeychurch Sarah , Offord Matt
Published: March 2022

This article explores the unexpected role-shift for early TELT -adopters during the COVID-19 crisis.  In Universities where TELT occurs in the margins of campus-based traditional lectures (e.g. Russell Group Universities), early adopters and experts are accustomed to working in some degree of isolation and exploring digital resources independently.  It will explore the rapid shift in emphasis away from micro-projects to performing in a high-pressure and strategic environment with an unprecedented interest in TELT, and show how, in a very short period of time, a group of early TELT-adopters were empowered to become strategic leaders and policy makers and to produce a robust framework for Blended and Online Learning and Teaching (BOLT) for use in all courses.

In April 2020, the Adam Smith Business School (ASBS) made the decision that all learning and teaching for the academic year 2020-21 would move to a blended/online model. In order to action this, a working group of early TELT-adopters from within ASBS was formed, who collaboratively produced a four-part BOLT Framework for use in all courses.

Working quickly, and with little time to consult externally, this group drew on their existing knowledge and worked iteratively in order to ensure that colleagues could quickly develop the necessary skill-sets for BOLT. The result is a BOLT strategy where all ILOs are achievable asynchronously, with synchronous sessions used to support students and build learning communities.

This article sets out the BOLT Framework: explaining how it was developed, the principles underpinning it and using case studies to show the Framework working in practice. It explains how the sometimes informal, furtive and unstructured self-development of TELT enthusiasts played a key role in the School online pivot and perspectives of TELT changed on both sides of the TELT debate through open and earnest exchanges of ideas and problem-solving.