bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental Workload and Job Satisfaction in Pre-Hospital Emergency Technicians
Authors: Afshari Davood , Jafarzadeh Zohre , Nakhaei Mojtaba , Sahraneshin Samani Ali , Nourollahi-Darabad Maryam
Published: November 2020

Background: Having enough ability to perform delegated tasks has a crucial role in preventing job-related accidents and medical errors. Excessive workload, particularly multitasking, causes increased physical stress and job dissatisfaction. Pre-hospital emergency technicians play a crucial role in saving patients' lives, therefore assessing their mental workload and job satisfaction is highly important. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the mental workload of pre-hospital emergency technicians working in hospitals in the city of Ahvaz and its association with job satisfaction. Methods: In this study, 252 pre-hospital emergency technicians were studied. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) was used to assess the mental workload. The Job Descriptive Index (JDI) questionnaire was used to collect information regarding job satisfaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA and chi-square tests. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Participants had a moderate level of workload (mean score: 5296). The highest and lowest scores were related to mental demand (69.96 ± 19) and physical demand (32.35 ± 14.3), respectively. Also, participants had a moderate level of job satisfaction, and there was a significant association between job satisfaction and mental demand and frustration (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated an association between job satisfaction and mental demand and frustration in pre-hospital emergency technicians. Therefore, developing appropriate strategies is necessary.
Constipação Crônica: Tratamento com Ventosaterapia - Estudo de Caso
Authors: Téo Francieli Bau , Silvério-Lopes Sandra
Published: November 2020

Background: Constipation is a symptom defined by the ocurrence of any manifestation such as ificulty or pain when evacuationg and bowel movements less than three times a week. In recent years, chronic intestinal constipation has been considered a public heath problem due to its high prevalence. There are several types of constipation among the functional one stands out which is characterized by the absence of defined organic causes, usually treated with the ingestion of fibers, liquids and physical exercises. Conventional methods with diets and medicines are not always sufficient. Objective: Analyzing the effects of treatment with ventosatherapy in severe constipation. Methods: A questionnaire was prepared and applied to the person responsible for the municipal health department of each municipality. Results: Clinical case study with a 28-year-old volunteer patient with severe constipation. The technique used in the study was sliding cupping therapy. One session a week was held for 13 weeks. Conclusion: The symptoms of constipation disappeared in the fourth session contiuing with a daily bowel movement until the end of the intervention. The sliding method therapy technique was effective in the treatment of severe constipation.
Relationship Between Nurses’ Readiness and Institutional Readiness in Developing Nursing Career Paths in Public Health Centers
Authors: Afriani Tuti , Hariyati Rr. Tutik Sri , Wulandari Dyah Fitri
Published: November 2020

Nursing career paths in public health centers have not been well established compared with nurses in hospitals. It is because the nursing career path has a different organizing system, which then becomes an obstacle in implementing the career path for nurses in primary health care. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the relationship between institutional and nurses’ readiness in implementing nursing career paths within public health centers. A cross-sectional study design with questionnaire as instrument was used in this research. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select 93 nurses from 13 public health centers. Furthermore, to identify the objective of this research, the Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between paired data. The results found that institutional readiness was 64 or 71.9% of maximum values, yet nurses’ readiness was 112 or 74.5% of maximum values. Thus, it can be concluded that there was a meaningful relationship between institutional and nurses’ readiness with career path implementation (p < 0.001), indicating a strong positive relationship (r = 0.521). The results of this study are expected to become a baseline data for public health centers and public health offices to establish a professional nursing career path in public health centers. Abstrak Kesiapan Individu Berhubungan dengan Kesiapan Institusi dalam Penerapan Jenjang Karir Perawat di Puskesmas. Implementasi jenjang karir perawat di puskesmas belum established seperti pelaksanaan jenjang karir perawat di rumah sakit. Pengorganisasi jenjang karir yang berbeda pada pelayanan primer menjadi kendala dalam implementasi jenjang karir perawat di puskesmas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan kesiapan institusi dan kesiapan perawat dalam penerapan jenjang karir perawat di puskesmas. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional menggunakan kuesioner kepada 93 perawat pada 13 puskesmas. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah convenience sampling. Data  dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman yang melihat hubungan kesiapan perawat dengan kesiapan intitusi dalam pengembangan jenjang karir perawat di puskesmas. Hasil didapatkan rerata kesiapan insitusi 64 (71,9% dari nilai maksimal), sedangkan kesiapan perawat didapatkan hasil lebih tinggi yaitu 112 (74,5%). Terdapat hubungan secara bermakna kesiapan institusi dengan kesiapan perawat dalam penerapan jenjang karir di puskesmas dengan p< 0,001, arah hubungan positif, dan kekuatan hubungan cukup kuat yaitu r= 0,521. Penelitian ini menjadi based line data agar puskesmas dan dinas kesehatan dapat menerapkan jenjang karir perawat profesional di puskesmas.Kata Kunci:  implementasi, jenjang karir, kesiapan, perawat, puskesma
Peer Support and Family Acceptance with Quality of Life of MSM Living With HIV and Antiretroviral
Authors: Martiana Ina , Waluyo Agung , Yona Sri , Edianto Edianto
Published: November 2020

Men who have sex with men (MSM) comprise a population at risk for HIV infection. Quality of Life (QOL) becomes the main goal to lengthen their life span. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between peer support and family acceptance toward QOL of MSM living with HIV and ARV in Medan. A total of 175 respondents were involved in this cross-sectional study that was carried out via purposeful sampling. Data were collected by means of the Perceived Acceptance Scale, Peer Group Caring Interaction Scale, and WHOQOL-HIV BREF. Results showed that QOL was significantly associated with peer support (p= 0.023; OR= 2.070) and family acceptance (p= 0.001; OR= 2.766). Thus, peer support and family acceptance are important variables affecting well-being and QOL of MSM living with HIV and ARV. This finding can be used for the improvement of QOL in PLWH. AbstrakDukungan Sebaya dan Penerimaan Keluarga terhadap Kualitas Hidup LSL dengan HIV dan Antiretroviral. Laki-laki yang berhubungan seks dengan laki-laki (LSL) merupakan populasi yang berisiko terinfeksi HIV. Kualitas hidup (QOL) menjadi tujuan utama untuk memperpanjang umur mereka. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan sebaya dan penerimaan keluarga terhadap kualitas hidup LSL yang hidup dengan HIV dan antiretroviral (ARV) di Medan. Sebanyak 175 responden dilibatkan dalam studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan melalui purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan Skala Perceived Acceptance, Skala Interaksi Peduli Peer Group, dan WHOQOL-HIV BREF. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas hidup secara signifikan berhubungan dengan dukungan teman sebaya (p = 0,023; OR = 2,070) dan penerimaan keluarga (p = 0,001; OR = 2,766). Dengan demikian, dukungan sebaya dan penerimaan keluarga merupakan variabel penting yang mempengaruhi kesejahteraan dan kualitas hidup LSL yang hidup dengan HIV dan ARV. Temuan ini dapat digunakan untuk peningkatan QOL pada ODHA.Kata Kunci: dukungan sebaya, HIV, kualitas hidup, penerimaan keluarga
Competition in primary care and prescription of antibiotics in Norway
Authors: Zykova Yana
Published: November 2020

Appropriate use of antibiotics is an important strategy to combat the problem of growing antibiotic resistance rates. In order to follow this strategy, it is important to understand the determinants of antibiotic use. We analyse the potential link between competition among general practitioners (GPs) measured with the Herfindahl-Hirshman index (HHI) and regional antibiotic consumption in Norway in 2015 and 2016. We use the data about antibiotic consumption expressed by the number of prescriptions of antibiotics for systemic use (J01) and by the number of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections (phenoxymethylpenicillin (J01CE02), doxycycline (J01AA02), amoxicillin (J01CA04) and macrolides (J01FA)) per 1000 inhabitants. We apply multiple regression analysis to the data mentioned above and control for socioeconomic characteristics of the municipalities. Our findings suggest that competition may contribute to about 37-80 additional antibiotic prescriptions per 1000 inhabitants per year and 23-46 additional prescriptions per 1000 inhabitants of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. Moreover, our estimations suggest that antibiotic prescription is significantly related to the average number of consultations per patient, the average length of the patient list, travel time to a pharmacy, income, and the share of women.
La patria potestad prorrogada en Cuba. Valoraciones esenciales para su normalización
Authors: Suárez Fernández Lisandra
Published: November 2020

La viabilidad de inclusión de la patria potestad prorrogada en las normas sustantivas y procesales cubanas apertura la senda a una protección más efectiva a los hijos que, una vez arribada la mayoría de edad, no cuentan con la posibilidad de dirigir el alcance de sus actos y regir su voluntad; especialmente si se contrasta con la constitución de la tutela como única alternativa posible en el ordenamiento jurídico patrio ante este supuesto. Bajo ese razonamiento se exponen criterios en el orden teórico y normativo a los fines de fundamentar su necesaria acogida en materia familiar, salvando al tiempo con doctrinales argumentos, lagunas e imprecisiones de los más recientes anteproyectos de reforma del Código de Familia. Bajo una mirada de seguridad y lógica jurídica quedan expuestos criterios que, tenidos en cuenta pudieran contribuir al entorno de ineludible reforma que hace unos años reclama el Derecho de Familia en Cuba. La aplicación de esta variante de la institución natural de la patria potestad a puntuales circunstancias que lo ameritan, muestra una protección más efectiva para los sujetos en análisis frente a la tutela como institución vigente dirigida a su tuición.
Un sistema alternativo para la gestión de conflictos en casos de violencia de género: la mediación
Authors: Sánchez Ruiz Inmaculada Concepción , García-Longoria Serrano María Paz
Published: November 2020

La violencia de género ha sido, y sigue siendo, una de las manifestaciones más claras de desigualdad, subordinación, y de las relaciones de poder de los hombres sobre las mujeres. Es por esto, que la finalidad del presente artículo, ha sido conocer la opinión de los profesionales que trabajan con víctimas de violencia de género, proponiendo el uso de la mediación como sistema alternativo para la gestión de conflictos en ciertos supuestos. Esta investigación, ha sido llevada a cabo desde una metodología cuantitativa, trabajando como técnica la encuesta. Los principales resultados proyectan, que el proceso de mediación puede servir para que la víctima se reafirme a sí misma y se muestre dispuesta a no volver a subordinar sus necesidades y las de sus hijos a las del victimario.
El pluralismo político como valor constitucional. El tratamiento español
Authors: Díaz Bravo Enrique
Published: November 2020

El autor analiza los rasgos esenciales y característicos del pluralismo político en el Estado Democrático de Derecho en España, destacando que el constituyente democrático determino en la propia Constitución de 1978 la existencia de un conjunto de valores superiores de su ordenamiento jurídico los que en definitiva irradian y determinan a la sociedad en su conjunto. Del mismo modo, dichos valores se contrastan con una serie de sentencias de las que permiten observar la aplicación y alcance que han realizado diversos Tribunales tanto españoles como europeos sobre el pluralismo político como un valor determinante para la democracia.
Propiedad, propiedades y propiedad indígena
Authors: Fuenzalida Bascuñán Sergio
Published: November 2020

El artículo revisa la evolución conceptual que a través de la historia ha tenido la noción de propiedad, para detenerse en la concepción de propiedad indígena que ha acuñado la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en el horizonte ya no de la cosa, sino de la persona.
Algunos criterios del Tribunal Constitucional sobre el estatuto jurídico de las personas extranjeras en Chile
Authors: Galdámez Zelada Liliana
Published: November 2020

Este trabajo revisa algunos criterios del  Tribunal Constitucional en relación al inciso primero del art. 13 del DL No 1094, que regula la expulsión de las personas  extranjeras en Chile. La norma fue dictada por la Junta Militar el año 1975. Se analizará la invocación del DIDH y Derecho Constitucional como límite frente a los poderes del Estado; la declaración de inaplicabilidad por inconstitucionalidad de una norma pre-constitucional y pre-convencional por vulnerar derechos fundamentales y la formulación de un estatuto jurídico de los extranjeros a la luz de la Constitución y el DIDH.
Stimuli‐Responsive Iron Oxide Nanotheranostics: A Versatile and Powerful Approach for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lorkowski Morgan E. , Atukorale Prabhani U. , Ghaghada Ketan B. , Karathanasis Efstathios
Published: November 2020

Recent advancements in unravelling elements of cancer biology involved in disease progression and treatment resistance have highlighted the need for a holistic approach to effectively tackle cancer. Stimuli‐responsive nanotheranostics based on iron oxide nanoparticles are an emerging class of versatile nanomedicines with powerful capabilities to “seek, sense, and attack” multiple components of solid tumors. In this work, the rationale for using iron oxide nanoparticles and the basic physical principles that impact their function in biomedical applications are reviewed. Subsequently, recent advances in the integration of iron oxide nanoparticles with various stimulus mechanisms to facilitate the development of stimuli‐responsive nanotheranostics for application in cancer therapy are summarized. The integration of an iron oxide core with various surface coating mechanisms results in the generation of hybrid nanoconstructs with capabilities to codeliver a wide variety of highly potent anticancer therapeutics and immune modulators. Finally, emerging future directions and considerations for their clinical translation are touched upon.
High Color‐Rendering Index and Stable White Light‐Emitting Diodes by Assembling Two Broadband Emissive Self‐Trapped Excitons
Authors: Ma Zhuangzhuang , Shi Zhifeng , Yang Dongwen , Li Yawen , Zhang Fei , Wang Lintao , Chen Xu , Wu Di , Tian Yongtao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Lijun , Li Xinjian , Shan Chongxin
Published: November 2020

White light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) are promising next‐generation solid‐state light sources. However, the commercialization route for WLED production suffers from challenges in terms of insufficient color‐rendering index (CRI), color instability, and incorporation of rare‐earth elements. Herein, a new two‐component strategy is developed by assembling two broadband emissive materials with self‐trapped excitons (STEs) for high CRI and stable WLEDs. The strategy addresses effectively the challenging issues facing current WLEDs. Based on first‐principles thermodynamic calculations, copper‐based ternary halides composites, CsCu2I3@Cs3Cu2I5, are synthesized by a facile one‐step solution approach. The composites exhibit an ideal white‐light emission with a cold/warm white‐light tuning and a robust stability against heat, ultraviolet light, and environmental oxygen/moisture. A series of cold/warm tunable WLEDs is demonstrated with a maximum luminance of 145 cd m−2 and an external quantum efficiency of 0.15%, and a record high CRI of 91.6 is achieved, which is the highest value for lead‐free WLEDs. Importantly, the fabricated device demonstrates an excellent operation stability in a continuous current mode, exhibiting a long half‐lifetime of 238.5 min. The results promise the use of the hybrids of STEs‐derived broadband emissive materials for high‐performance WLEDs.
Layered PtSe2 for Sensing, Photonic, and (Opto‐)Electronic Applications
Authors: Wang Gaozhong , Wang Zhongzheng , McEvoy Niall , Fan Ping , Blau Werner J.
Published: November 2020

Since the first experimental discovery of graphene 16 years ago, many other 2D layered nanomaterials have been reported. However, the majority of 2D nanostructures suffer from relatively complicated fabrication processes that have bottlenecked their development and their uptake by industry for practical applications. Here, the recent progress in sensing, photonic, and (opto‐)electronic applications of PtSe2, a 2D layered material that is likely to be used in industries benefiting from its high air‐stability and semiconductor‐technology‐compatible fabrication methods, is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of a range of synthesis methods for PtSe2 are initially compared, followed by a discussion of its outstanding properties, and industrial and commercial advantages. Research focused on the broadband nonlinear photonic properties of PtSe2, as well as reports of its use as a saturable absorber in ultrafast lasers, are then reviewed. Additionally, the advances that have been achieved in a range of PtSe2‐based field‐effect transistors, photodetectors, and sensors are summarized. Finally, a conclusion on these results along with the outlook for the future is presented.
Manipulating the Solvation Structure of Nonflammable Electrolyte and Interface to Enable Unprecedented Stability of Graphite Anodes beyond 2 Years for Safe Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Sailin , Mao Jianfeng , Zhang Lei , Pang Wei Kong , Du Aijun , Guo Zaiping
Published: November 2020

Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are attractive for low‐cost and large‐scale energy storage applications, in which graphite is one of the most promising anodes. However, the large size and the high activity of K+ions and the highly catalytic surface of graphite largely prevent the development of safe and compatible electrolytes. Here, a nonflammable, moderate‐concentration electrolyte is reported that is highly compatible with graphite anodes and that consists of fire‐retardant trimethyl phosphate (TMP) and potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) in a salt/solvent molar ratio of 3:8. It shows unprecedented stability, as evidenced by its 74% capacity retention over 24 months of cycling (over 2000 cycles) at the 0.2 C current rate. Electrolyte structure and surface analyses show that this excellent cycling stability is due to the nearly 100% solvation of TMP molecules with K+cations and the formation of FSI−‐derived F‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which effectively suppresses the decomposition of the solvent molecules toward the graphite anode. Furthermore, excellent performance on high‐mass loaded graphite electrodes and in a full cell with perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride cathode is demonstrated. This study highlights the importance of the compatibility of both electrolyte and the interface, and offers new opportunities to design the electrolyte–SEI nexus for safe and practical PIBs.
A Wearable Nutrition Tracker
Authors: Zhao Jiangqi , Nyein Hnin Yin Yin , Hou Lei , Lin Yuanjing , Bariya Mallika , Ahn Christine Heera , Ji Wenbo , Fan Zhiyong , Javey Ali
Published: November 2020

Nutrients are essential for the healthy development and proper maintenance of body functions in humans. For adequate nourishment, it is important to keep track of nutrients level in the body, apart from consuming sufficient nutrition that is in line with dietary guidelines. Sweat, which contains rich chemical information, is an attractive biofluid for routine non‐invasive assessment of nutrient levels. Herein, a wearable sensor that can selectively measure vitamin C concentration in biofluids, including sweat, urine, and blood is developed. Detection through an electrochemical sensor modified with Au nanostructures, LiClO4‐doped conductive polymer, and an enzymes‐immobilized membrane is utilized to achieve wide detection linearity, high selectivity, and long‐term stability. The sensor allows monitoring of temporal changes in vitamin C levels. The effect of vitamin C intake on the sweat and urine profile is explored by monitoring concentration changes upon consuming different amounts of vitamin C. A longitudinal study of sweat's and urine's vitamin C correlation with blood is performed on two individuals. The results suggest that sweat and urine analysis can be a promising method to routinely monitor nutrition through the sweat sensor and that this sensor can facilitate applications such as nutritional screening and dietary intervention.
Sand‐Milling Exfoliation of Structure Controllable Graphene for Formulation of Highly Conductive and Multifunctional Graphene Inks
Authors: Chen Huqiang , Zhang Yujin , Ma Yu , Chen Songbo , Wu Yiqi , Lu Yue , Ren Hao , Xin Shixuan , Bai Yongxiao
Published: November 2020

Conductive graphene inks have shown a great potential for the manufacturing of high‐performance flexible wearable electronics. However, the lack of cost‐effective, straightforward, and facile routes to formulate multifunctional graphene aqueous inks with excellent conductivity and high apparent viscosity have greatly limited their applications, particularly in high concentration processing and additive‐manufacturing. Here, the high‐concentration graphene aqueous inks based on structure controllable, sand‐milling exfoliation of raw graphite is reported. Such a route yields 62.8% graphene dispersed in water with a high concentration up to 25.1 mg mL−1, which can be formulated into aqueous inks with excellent printability. As such, the screen printing of the viscous graphene inks into film‐heating devices and micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) is further demonstrated. Due to its excellent conductivity (up to ≈870 S cm−1 after annealing), the graphene film showcases a fast ramping temperature (171.9 °C) at 8 V in 75 s in the heating device, and a high areal capacitance (1.36 mF cm−2) in the MSCs, respectively. It is thus believed that the mechanical‐exfoliated graphene inks hold great promise in scalable production of high‐performance printable wearable electronics.
Effect of Core Liquid Surface Tension on the Liquid Marble Shell
Authors: Singha Pradip , Nguyen Nhat‐Khuong , Sreejith Kamalalayam Rajan , An Hongjie , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Ooi Chin Hong
Published: November 2020

Liquid marble is a non‐wetting droplet coated with micro‐ or nanometer sized particles and exhibits great versatility as a standalone system. Unique features such as low evaporation rate, low friction, and a porous shell enable it to be a potential tool for gas sensing, cell culture, and drug delivery. With the growing number of interests in these fields, it is important to understand the structure of the liquid marble shell and how it behaves with the variation of the surface tension of the core liquid. This paper investigates the thickness and the mass of liquid marble shell at various surface tension values. Surfactant mediated surface tension reduction allows the encapsulating particles to penetrate more into the core liquid and decreases the shell thickness. The shell thickness decreases significantly with the surface tension, whereas the mass remains almost constant. Interestingly, the trend reverses with further decrease of the surface tension. In this regime, both the thickness and the mass of the shell increase due to interfacial jamming. This work provides a new insight into understanding the contribution of the particle distribution at the shell for the stability and the measurement of the effective surface tension of a liquid marble.
High Frequency Sonoprocessing: A New Field of Cavitation‐Free Acoustic Materials Synthesis, Processing, and Manipulation
Authors: Rezk Amgad R. , Ahmed Heba , Ramesan Shwathy , Yeo Leslie Y.
Published: November 2020

Ultrasound constitutes a powerful means for materials processing. Similarly, a new field has emerged demonstrating the possibility for harnessing sound energy sources at considerably higher frequencies (10 MHz to 1 GHz) compared to conventional ultrasound (⩽3 MHz) for synthesizing and manipulating a variety of bulk, nanoscale, and biological materials. At these frequencies and the typical acoustic intensities employed, cavitation—which underpins most sonochemical or, more broadly, ultrasound‐mediated processes—is largely absent, suggesting that altogether fundamentally different mechanisms are at play. Examples include the crystallization of novel morphologies or highly oriented structures; exfoliation of 2D quantum dots and nanosheets; polymer nanoparticle synthesis and encapsulation; and the possibility for manipulating the bandgap of 2D semiconducting materials or the lipid structure that makes up the cell membrane, the latter resulting in the ability to enhance intracellular molecular uptake. These fascinating examples reveal how the highly nonlinear electromechanical coupling associated with such high‐frequency surface vibration gives rise to a variety of static and dynamic charge generation and transfer effects, in addition to molecular ordering, polarization, and assembly—remarkably, given the vast dimensional separation between the acoustic wavelength and characteristic molecular length scales, or between the MHz‐order excitation frequencies and typical THz‐order molecular vibration frequencies.
A Novel MXene/Ecoflex Nanocomposite‐Coated Fabric as a Highly Negative and Stable Friction Layer for High‐Output Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Salauddin Md , Rana S M Sohel , Sharifuzzaman Md. , Rahman Muhammad Toyabur , Park Chani , Cho Hyunok , Maharjan Pukar , Bhatta Trilochan , Park Jae Yeong
Published: November 2020

The triboelectric material properties and mechanical stability of the contact layer are vital to achieving durable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with high output performance. Herein, a novel MXene/Ecoflex nanocomposite is introduced as a promising triboelectric material because of its highly negative triboelectric properties and mechanical stability. The MXene/Ecoflex nanocomposite with a fabric‐based waterproof TENG (FW‐TENG) is fabricated and designed to universally harvest energy from various human motions as well as the natural environment (rain and wind). The fabricated FW‐TENG delivers a maximum output peak power of 3.69 mW and a power density of 9.24 W m−2, respectively, at a matching load resistance of 4.5 MΩ under a frequency of 4.5 Hz and a force of 8 N. Furthermore, the applicability of this device in various products is investigated. The FW‐TENG can protect against a crash caused by rainy and humid weather. An FW‐TENG‐based self‐powered smart active device that detects motion on a carpet is demonstrated and is equipped with sleep monitoring motion sensors. The FW‐TENG not only has self‐powered benefits and excellent mechanical amenability but is also exceptionally reliable and stable against water intrusion, which are important characteristics to realize next‐generation wearable/portable technologies.
Optoelectronics Meets Optoionics: Light Storing Carbon Nitrides and Beyond
Authors: Podjaski Filip , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: November 2020

Known for decades, Liebig's carbon nitrides have evolved into a burgeoning class of macromolecular semiconductors over the past 10+ years, front and center of many efforts revolving around the discovery of resource‐efficient and high‐performance photocatalysts for solar fuel generation. The recent discovery of a new class of “ionic” 2D carbon nitrides—poly(heptazine imide) (PHI)—has given new momentum to this field, driven both by unconventional properties and the prospect of new applications at the intersection between solar energy conversion and electrochemical energy storage. In this essay, key concepts of the emerging field of optoionics are delineated and the “light storing” ability of PHI‐type carbon nitrides is rationalized by an intricate interplay between their optoelectronic and optoionic properties. Based on these insights, key characteristics and general principles for the de novo design of optoionic materials across the periodic table are derived, opening up new research avenues such as “dark photocatalysis”, direct solar batteries, light‐driven autonomous systems, and photomemristive devices.
Planting date and seeding rate of field pea in the semi‐arid high plains of Nebraska
Authors: Koeshall Samuel T. , Easterly Amanda C. , Werle Rodrigo , Stepanovic Strahinja V. , Creech Cody F.
Published: November 2020

Results from initial experiments in western Nebraska suggest that opportunity exists to decrease seeding rates of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to optimize yield while maintaining partial net return. Refined planting recommendations, especially planting time, are still largely unknown for western Nebraska. This experiment evaluated the effects of seeding rates and planting dates of pea on emergence, grain yield, and grain yield components. Two locations in Nebraska were evaluated in 2018 and 2019. Treatments consisted of three planting dates and five seeding rates arranged as a split‐plot design. Emergence was measured in each plot until emergence stabilized. Whole plant biomass, pods plant–1, seeds plant–1, and harvest index were recorded at harvest. Planting later resulted in increased plant density and decreased time to 50 and 90% emergence. Planting date also changed the economically optimal plant population. At Sidney in 2018, optimal plant population changed from 96 plants m–2 (early) and 115 plants m–2 (late) to 82 plants m–2 (middle). Partial net return was increased by US$26.74 ha–1 and US$65.43 ha–1 with the middle planting date over the early and late planting dates. Across three site‐years, the economically optimal plant population only varied by 4 plants m–2 between the three planting dates. Later planting improves percent emergence without reducing yield. Seeding rates that have been adjusted for expected germination should target a population between 70 and 109 plants m–2 to optimize partial net return. Final plant population influences grain yield more than planting date, although both affect yield response.
Latitudinal clines in bud flush phenology reflect genetic variation in chilling requirements in balsam poplar, Populus balsamifera
Authors: Thibault Ethan , Soolanayakanahally Raju , Keller Stephen R.
Published: November 2020

Premise

Boreal and northern temperate forest trees possess finely tuned mechanisms of dormancy, which match bud phenology with local seasonality. After winter dormancy, the accumulation of chilling degree days (CDD) required for rest completion before the accumulation of growing degree days (GDD) during quiescence is an important step in the transition to spring bud flush. While bud flush timing is known to be genetically variable within species, few studies have investigated variation among genotypes from different climates in response to variable chilling duration.

Methods

We performed a controlled environment study using dormant cuttings from 10 genotypes of Populus balsamifera, representing a broad latitudinal gradient (43–58°N). We exposed cuttings to varying amounts of chilling (0–10 weeks) and monitored subsequent GDD to bud flush at a constant forcing temperature.

Results

Chilling duration strongly accelerated bud flush timing, with increasing CDD resulting in fewer GDD to flush. Genotypic variation for bud flush was significant and stratified by latitude, with southern genotypes requiring more GDD to flush than northern genotypes. The latitudinal cline was pronounced under minimal chilling, whereas genotypic variation in GDD to bud flush converged as CDD increased.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that increased chilling lessens GDD to bud flush in a genotype‐specific manner. Our results emphasize that latitudinal clines in bud flush reflect a critical genotype‐by‐environment interaction, whereby differences in bud flush between southern vs. northern genotypes depend on chilling. Our results suggest selection has shaped chilling requirements and depth of rest as an adaptive strategy to avoid precocious flush in climates with midwinter warming.
Experiences from the epicenter: Professional impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on genetic counselors in New York
Authors: Bergstrom Katherine L. , Brander Tehilla E. , Breen Kelsey E. , Naik Hetanshi
Published: November 2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted the delivery of healthcare services, including genetic counseling. This study assessed the professional impact of the pandemic on genetic counselors (GCs) and evaluated how genetics service delivery models changed in New York State (NYS). One hundred sixty‐five NYS GCs participated in an anonymous survey. Clinic structure, telegenetics (video and/or telephone consultations) use and acceptability, and professional practices before and during the pandemic were compared. The most frequently reported consultation type shifted from in‐person only (49%) before the pandemic to telegenetics only (39%) during. Most were satisfied with video (93.1%) and telephone (81.4%) telegenetics. Additionally, 93.5% of participants expressed a desire to continue using telegenetics after the pandemic resolves. Common obstacles included difficulties coordinating sample collection (60.2%) and obtaining written consent for testing (57.6%). Billing methods for consultations during the pandemic did not change significantly. Participants were asked about NYS's lack of licensure, which restricts billing options. Most felt that genetic counseling licensure would benefit the profession (92.6%), the public (88.5%), and their institution/company (74.5%). This study provides insight into the effects of the rapid adoption of telegenetics and can guide future discussions about best practices for its use even after the health crisis resolves.
Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Chiral Secondary Borylalkyl Copper Species
Authors: Jang Won Jun , Woo Jeongkyu , Yun Jaesook
Published: November 2020

We report the diastereo‐ and enantioselective conjugate addition of chiral secondary borylalkyl copper species derived from borylalkenes in situ to α,β‐unsaturated diesters. In the presence of a chiral bisphosphine‐ligated CuH catalyst, the conjugate addition provides a direct access to enantioenriched alkylboron compounds containing two contiguous carbon stereogenic centers in good yield with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity (up to >98:2 dr, >99:1 er) by assembling readily available starting alkenyl reagents in a single operation without using preformed organometallic reagents or chiral auxiliaries. The resulting products were used in various organic transformations. The utility of the synthetic approach was highlighted by the synthesis of (−)‐phaseolinic acid.
High‐Energy Aqueous Magnesium Hybrid Full Batteries Enabled by Carrier‐Hosting Potential Compensation
Authors: Tang Yongchao , Li Xuejin , Lv Haiming , Wang Wenlong , Yang Qi , Zhi Chunyi , Li Hongfei
Published: November 2020

Underachieved capacity and low voltage plateau is ubiquitous in conventional aqueous magnesium ion full batteries. Such limitations originate from the electrochemistry and the low carrier‐hosting ((de)intercalation) potential of electrode materials. Herein, via a strategy of enhancing the electrochemistry through carrier‐hosting potential compensation, high‐energy Mg2+/Na+ hybrid batteries are achieved. A Mg1.5VCr(PO4)3 (MVCP) cathode is coupled with FeVO4 (FVO) anode in a new aqueous/organic hybrid electrolyte, giving reliable high‐voltage operation. This operation enables more sufficient (de)intercalation of hybrid carriers (Mg2+/Na+), thereby enhancing the reversible capacity remarkably (233.4 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, 92.7 Wh kg−1electrode, that is, ≥1.75‐fold higher than those in conventional aqueous electrolytes). The relatively high Na+‐hosting potential of the electrodes compensates for the low Mg2+‐hosting potential and widens/elevates the discharge plateau of the full battery up to 1.50 V. Mechanism study further reveals an unusual phase transformation of FVO to Fe2V3 and the low‐lattice‐strain pseudocapacitive (de)intercalation chemistry of MVCP.
Control of Crystallinity and Stereocomplexation of Synthetic Carbohydrate Polymers from d‐ and l‐Xylose
Authors: McGuire Thomas M. , Bowles Jessica , Deane Edward , Farrar Elliot H. E. , Grayson Matthew N. , Buchard Antoine
Published: November 2020

Manipulating the stereochemistry of polymers is a powerful method to alter their physical properties. Despite the chirality of monosaccharides, reports on the impact of stereochemistry in natural polysaccharides and synthetic carbohydrate polymers remain absent. Herein, we report the cocrystallisation of regio‐ and stereoregular polyethers derived from d‐ and l‐xylose, leading to enhanced thermal properties compared to the enantiopure polymers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a stereocomplex between carbohydrate polymers of opposite chirality. In contrast, atactic polymers obtained from a racemic mixture of monomers are amorphous. We also show that the polymer hydroxyl groups are amenable to post‐polymerisation functionalization. These strategies afford a family of carbohydrate polyethers, the physical and chemical properties of which can both be controlled, and which opens new possibilities for polysaccharide mimics in biomedical applications or as advanced materials.
Which Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lesions in the Sacroiliac Joints Are Most Relevant for Diagnosing Axial Spondyloarthritis? A Prospective Study Comparing Rheumatologists’ Evaluations With Radiologists’ Findings
Authors: Baraliakos X. , Ghadir A. , Fruth M. , Kiltz U. , Redeker I. , Braun J.
Published: November 2020

Objective

Pathologic sacroiliac (SI) joint changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are important for the classification of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). In daily practice, radiologists play a major role in interpreting imaging findings. This study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of MRI SI joint findings on the identification of axial SpA by radiologists, in comparison to diagnosis by rheumatologists.

Methods

Patients age ≤45 years were prospectively included when referred for clinical suspicion of axial SpA and underwent a complete diagnostic evaluation including STIR‐ and T1‐weighted MRI of the SI joint. Diagnosis made by an experienced rheumatologist with access to all relevant information was considered the gold standard. MRIs were evaluated by 2 experienced radiologists who were unaware of the clinical data, who indicated which MRI lesions were “critical” to the decision for or against axial SpA.

Results

Of the 300 patients included, 132 (44%) were diagnosed as having axial SpA. Mean age was comparable between the 2 groups, but patients with axial SpA and those with non–axial SpA differed with regard to symptom duration (58.6 ± 69.5 versus 33.9 ± 45.1 months, respectively; P = 0.003) and HLA–B27 positivity (75.6% versus 19%, respectively; P < 0.001). Rheumatologists and radiologists agreed on the diagnosis in 262 cases (87.3%), while 34 patients (11.3%) were diagnosed as having axial SpA by rheumatologists only (clinically), and 4 cases (1.3%) were judged as suggestive of axial SpA by radiologists only. Bone marrow edema (BME) and sclerosis showed the highest sensitivity, while erosions and fatty lesions showed the highest specificity, for axial SpA diagnosis. The combination of BME with erosions had the highest positive predictive value (86.5%).

Conclusion

The MRI findings with the highest diagnostic value in patients in whom axial SpA is suspected are structural changes in the SI joint, alone or in combination with BME. Our findings indicate that while the absence of BME is usually not compatible with a diagnosis of axial SpA, the presence of BME does not necessarily confirm a diagnosis of axial SpA.
Accuracy Improvement When Determining Copper(II) Ions With Zincon at Acidic Condition
Authors: Lee Yesol , Kim Ra Yun , Eom In‐Yong
Published: November 2020

2‐Carboxy‐2′‐hydorxy‐5′‐sulfoformazylbenzene has been widely used to determine Cu(II) ions. In general, basic pH condition is preferred to enhance the reactivity between metal ions and zincon. But acidic condition can be applied for copper determination because Cu(II) cannot lose reactivity at acidic condition. Also, pH = 5 condition can minimize the interference from zinc which is found together with copper in many samples. However, zincon can be precipitated at acidic condition. We minimized precipitation problem by adding cyclohexanone or the use of lower buffer concentration. Using this approach, accuracy was improved from −17.7 to 242.5% to −0.4% to 22.0%. A very linear calibration curve (r2 = 0.9999) was obtained for the copper concentration range of 30–2002 ng/mL. This method was successfully applied to determine copper concentration from discharged water samples. No significant interference was observed and the estimated LOD (S/N = 3) is 5.5 ng/mL.
A taxonomy of ecopreneurship in small manufacturing firms: A multidimensional cluster analysis
Authors: Ljungkvist Torbjörn , Andersén Jim
Published: November 2020

This study presents a multidimensional taxonomy of “ecopreneurship” for small manufacturing firms. Based on a cluster analysis of 312 Swedish firms, four distinct clusters are identified: pioneers, green dumpers, overlookers, and recyclers. These clusters are compared regarding their level of entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. Based on the results, and because of the resource constraints associated with small firms, managers of such companies are advised to examine the economic consequences of specific environmental business practices and to adopt a less aggregated approach to ecopreneurship. This study illustrates the usefulness of a multidimensional scale when researching environmental behaviors and is a response to the lack of an empirically based classification of ecopreneurship configurations.
Effectiveness of class peer‐review under varied multiple review designs: A teaching method with homeschooling format
Authors: Friedrich Daniel
Published: November 2020

In times of pandemic‐related university shutdowns and a shift of teaching to homeschooling, alternative educational methods are more in demand than ever. The class peer‐review (CPR) method offers the opportunity for students to evaluate each other and share knowledge during their private learning time. This study reports on a CPR which was conducted out‐of‐class with 39 students in Business Management. Participants were asked to write an essay about a case on Marketing and then conduct two reviews. Subsequently, the difference between reviews in the same topic of the own manuscript or in two different exam‐relevant subjects was investigated and the effect on exam performance and participants’ attitude was measured. The results showed that the final grades after CPR with thematically similar reviews were on average better than those of the comparison group. This was due to the fact that the reviews were more critical and technically more profound and generated a greater amount of knowledge among the authors. Carrying out several reviews in other subject areas led to a higher self‐assessment of knowledge uptake, but was too superficial for the exam. If the learning objective is more of a narrowly defined and in‐depth topic area, a CPR out‐of‐class with two to three reviews in the manuscript's own topic is recommended, in order to generate the highest possible level of knowledge for others as well as for oneself.
Pyridinic Nanographenes by Novel Precursor Design
Authors: Reger David , Schöll Kilian , Hampel Frank , Maid Harald , Jux Norbert
Published: November 2020

In this work we present the solution‐synthesis of pyridine analogues to hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC)—which might be called superpyridines—via a novel precursor design. The key step in our strategy was the pre‐formation of the C−C bonds between the 3/3’ positions of the pyridine and the adjacent phenyl rings—bonds that are otherwise unreactive and difficult to close under Scholl‐conditions. Apart from the synthesis of the parent compound we show that classical pyridine chemistry, namely oxidation, N‐alkylation and metal‐coordination is applicable to the π‐extended analogue. Furthermore, we present basic physical chemical characterizations of the newly synthesized molecules. With this novel synthetic strategy, we hope to unlock the pyridine chemistry of nanographenes.
Development and validation of a quantitative electron microscopy score to assess acute cellular stress in the human exocrine pancreas
Authors: Kattner Nicole , Dyson Nicola , Bury Yvonne , Tiniakos Dina , White Kathryn , Davey Tracey , Eliasson Lena , Tindale Lynn , Wagner Bart E , Honkanen‐Scott Minna , Doyle Jennifer , Ploeg Rutger J , Shaw James AM , Scott William E
Published: November 2020

The pancreas is particularly sensitive to acute cellular stress, but this has been difficult to evaluate using light microscopy. Pancreatic ischaemia associated with deceased organ donation negatively impacts whole‐organ and isolated‐islet transplantation outcomes. Post‐mortem changes have also hampered accurate interpretation of ante‐mortem pancreatic pathology. A rigorous histological scoring system accurately quantifying ischaemia is required to experimentally evaluate innovations in organ preservation and to increase rigour in clinical/research evaluation of underlying pancreatic pathology. We developed and validated an unbiased electron microscopy (EM) score of acute pancreatic exocrine cellular stress in deceased organ donor cohorts (development [n = 28] and validation [n = 16]). Standardised assessment led to clearly described numerical scores (0–3) for nuclear, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphology and intracellular vacuolisation; with a maximum (worst) aggregate total score of 12. In the Validation cohort, a trend towards higher scores was observed for tail versus head regions (nucleus score following donation after brainstem death [DBD]: head 0.67 ± 0.19; tail 0.86 ± 0.11; p = 0.027) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) versus DBD (mitochondrial score: DCD (head + tail) 2.59 ± 0.16; DBD (head + tail) 2.38 ± 0.21; p = 0.004). Significant mitochondrial changes were seen ubiquitously even with short cold ischaemia, whereas nuclear and vacuolisation changes remained mild even after prolonged ischaemia. ER score correlated with cold ischaemia time (CIT) following DBD (pancreatic tail region: r = 0.796; p = 0.018). No relationships between CIT and EM scores were observed following DCD. In conclusion, we have developed and validated a novel EM score providing standardised quantitative assessment of subcellular ultrastructural morphology in pancreatic acinar cells. This provides a robust novel tool for gold standard measurement of acute cellular stress in studies evaluating surrogate measures of peri‐transplant ischaemia, organ preservation technologies and in samples obtained for detailed pathological examination of underlying pancreatic pathology.