bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the dynamical characteristics of tropical cyclones: Amphan and Nisarga using ERA5 reanalysis
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Verma Saurabh , Lodh Abhishek
Published: February 2025

Tropical cyclone (TC) is a rapidly intensifying storm over warm water of oceans, critically studied for its potential to inflict severe damage and pose life-threatening hazards. The present study focuses on exploring the pre- and post-cyclone characteristics of TC Amphan and Nisarga using ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) reanalysis. Our analysis reveals that the TC features, such as its intensity, life cycle, wind circulations, the warm-core structure evolution, and the related environmental factors, are consistent with India Meteorological Department observations. The presented results have indicated that maximum sustainable wind speed, central sea level pressure, lower troposphere temperature and lower stratosphere temperature along the radius from the TC center create a favourable condition that eventually leads to the formation and intensification of super and severe cyclonic storms, for example, Amphan and Nisarga, respectively. The analysis suggests that the atmospheric instability, TC formation, development, and energy for intensification are controlled mainly by the warmer-than-average Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal basin sea surface temperature anomalies in the Indian Ocean region. The results indicated that the TC genesis and movement are well captured by ERA5, close to the observed best tracks provided by the India Meteorological Department, with an RMSE of ∼31 km. The vorticity budget analysis illustrates that in the developing and mature stages of TC, the tilting term converts horizontal vorticity into vertical vorticity via upward motion. During the dissipation phase, the tilting term reverses, resulting in a fall in vertical vorticity, which weakens or dissipates the TC intensity. Overall, the circulation pattern appears to reproduce most of the essential characteristics of the mature stage of TCs, like the eye and eyewall, highlighting the importance of near real-time high-resolution reanalysis datasets for exploring the details of extreme events.
The inverted U-shaped impact of the digital economy on indirect household carbon emissions — an empirical study based on CFPS
Authors: Chen Ying , Chen Donglin , Gao Chenfeng , Wei Xiaochao
Published: February 2025

Introduction

In the era of the booming digital economy and global efforts to reduce carbon emissions, this study investigates how digital economy growth impacts indirect household carbon emissions (IHCEs). Understanding this relationship is critical, as the digital economy has the potential to both drive and mitigate carbon emissions, depending on its stage of development and regional context.

Methods

Using panel data from the 2014–2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), a fixed effects model is applied to analyze the relationship between digital economy growth and IHCEs. The study examines regional variations, levels of digital economy development, and consumption categories to identify heterogeneous effects.

Results

The findings reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and IHCEs. Initially, IHCEs rise due to increased consumption of energy-intensive products, but as digital technologies mature, emissions decline due to improved efficiency and sustainable consumption. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the inverted U-shaped relationship is more pronounced in less developed digital economy regions, while in advanced regions, the relationship is less significant. Regionally, the eastern region, with its advanced infrastructure and green technologies, effectively curbs IHCEs, whereas the central region experiences increased emissions, and the western region exhibits the inverted U-shaped pattern. In terms of consumption, the digital economy significantly impacts housing and food-related emissions, while other categories show mixed or minor effects.

Discussion

These findings highlight the dual role of the digital economy in both driving and mitigating carbon emissions. Policymakers should adopt region-specific strategies, invest in digital infrastructure, and promote sustainable consumption practices to leverage the digital economy for carbon reduction. The study underscores the importance of managing expectations and addressing discrepancies between digital economy growth and its environmental impacts, offering valuable insights for achieving sustainable development goals.
EDN1 and NTF3 in keloid pathogenesis: computational and experimental evidence as novel diagnostic biomarkers for fibrosis and inflammation
Authors: Gong Hui , Liu Jing , Chen Nanji , Zhao Hengguang , He Bailin , Zhang Hongpei , Wang Wenping , Tian Yi
Published: February 2025

Objective

To investigate the roles of oxidative stress-related differentially expressed genes (OSRDEGs) in keloid formation and explore their potential value in diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

Gene expression data from the GEO database, including GSE145725 and GSE44270 as training sets and GSE7890 as a validation set, were utilized. OSRDEGs were identified, followed by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), GO/KEGG enrichment analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Key genes were further screened through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. miRNA targets, transcription factors (TF), and potential drug targets of these genes were predicted. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to assess the association between OSRDEGs and immune cells, which was validated using GSE7890. Finally, the expression of key genes was experimentally validated using quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.

Results

A total of 13 OSRDEGs were identified. WGCNA and functional enrichment analyses revealed that these genes were primarily involved in fibrosis and inflammatory processes in keloids, such as the MAPK signaling pathway, lymphocyte and monocyte proliferation, and inflammatory pathways involving IL-18 and IL-23. PPI network analysis, ROC analysis, and immune infiltration results identified Endothelin-1 (EDN1) and Neurotrophin-3(NTF3) as key genes with high sensitivity and specificity. These genes were positively and negatively correlated with activated mast cells, respectively, suggesting their dual regulatory roles in fibrosis and inflammation. External dataset validation, qPCR, correlation analysis, HE staining, and IHC results demonstrated that EDN1 and NTF3 were highly expressed in keloid tissues and were associated with excessive collagen deposition and immune cell infiltration.

Conclusion

EDN1 and NTF3, as OSRDEGs, play critical roles in the pathogenesis and progression of keloids. They may contribute to fibrosis and inflammation through the regulation of oxidative stress, the MAPK signaling pathway, and mast cell activation. These findings highlight EDN1 and NTF3 as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment strategies for keloids.
Hsa_circ_0001756 drives gastric cancer glycolysis by increasing the expression and stability of PGK1 mRNA
Authors: Qian Long , Wang Luman , Chen Hao , Wang Song , Hou Yinfen , Xu Li , Xia Yabin , Xu Maoqi , Huang Xiaoxu
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Strategies for preventing high glycolysis in tumour cells are urgently needed. CircRNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in glycolysis. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of hsa_circ_0001756 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear.

Methods

In this study, we detected the expression of hsa_circ_0001756 in GC tissues and cells using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR). Construct a silencing and overexpression vector to validate the role of hsa_circ_0001756 in GC. Pulldown and RIP experiments were conducted to verify the identification of miRNA and protein binding to hsa_circ_0001756.

Results

The expression level of hsa_circ_0001756 in GC tissues and cells is significantly upregulated. The expression level of hsa_circ_0001756 is closely related to TNM stage and tumour size in patients with GC. The proliferation and migration of hsa_circ_0001756-expressing cells in vitro were assessed by functional experiments. Hsa_circ_0001756 was found to not only promote the expression and stability of PGK1 by binding with polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) but also promote glycolysis through the miR-185-3P/PGK1 pathway. We found that the regulatory relationships of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) with hsa_circ_0001756may affect glycolysis in GC.

Conclusion

This study provides a theoretical basis for designing drugs that target molecules related to energy metabolism in tumours and provides a new strategy for the clinical treatment of GC.
Factors affecting the efficacy of small bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with chronic abdominal pain
Authors: He Xinlong , Xu Qing , Xue Hanbing
Published: February 2025

Background

Abdominal pain is a common clinical symptom, and the role of small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) in the evaluation of abdominal pain remains a subject of ongoing debate. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the efficacy of SBCE in patients with chronic abdominal pain.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients presenting with chronic abdominal pain as the primary complaint who underwent SBCE at Renji Hospital from January 2014 and January 2023. Data collection included patient demographics and relevant influencing factors, such as hospitalization status, anemia, elevated inflammatory markers, hypertension, and diabetes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to examine the factors associated with SBCE transit status and positive outcomes.

Results

A total of 524 patients were included in the study, of whom 113 presented with DUGT and received conservative observation, pharmacological treatment, or endoscopic intervention as appropriate. The overall completion rate was 97.1%. Hospitalization status, diabetes, and anemia were identified as risk factors for DUGT in multivariate analyses. Positive lesions were detected in 160 cases, yielding an overall lesion detection rate of 30.5%. Furthermore, multivariate regression analysis indicated that anemia (hemoglobin <90 g/L) and elevated inflammatory markers were associated with a higher rate of positivity.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our study found that hospitalization status, diabetes, and anemia as significant risk factors for DUGT in patients with chronic abdominal pain. Furthermore, we found that SBCE is highly effective in detecting lesions in patients with chronic abdominal pain combined with anemia and elevated inflammatory markers.
Gastrointestinal adverse events associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , Wu Miaohui , Huang Baoliang , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2025

Background

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, a prevalent chronic liver condition, can cause severe complications like hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent years, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP - 1RA) have shown unique therapeutic advantages and may become a preferred treatment for it. This meta-analysis aims to systematically examine GLP-1RA associated adverse events, providing a basis for guiding patient clinical management.

Methods

We conducted a search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the therapeutic effects of GLP-1RA in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease across four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search period extended from the inception of each database until December 2023. Information pertaining to various adverse events was collected as outcome measures. Statistical analysis of the results and assessment of bias risk were conducted utilizing Review Manager (version 5.4.1) software.

Results

An analysis of 10 studies encompassing 960 participants revealed a significantly higher overall incidence of adverse events in the GLP-1RA group compared to the control group (OR: 2.40 [1.10, 5.26], P = 0.03). Subgroup analysis based on treatment duration demonstrated a higher rate of adverse events in the GLP-1RA group during follow-ups of less than 30 weeks (P = 0.0005, OR: 3.58 [1.75, 7.32]), but no statistical difference was observed between the two groups in follow-ups exceeding 30 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in adverse events leading to discontinuation (P = 0.29, OR: 1.47 [0.72, 2.98]). However, a notable difference was observed in gastrointestinal adverse events (P < 0.00001, OR: 4.83 [3.36, 6.95]).

Conclusion

GLP-1RA exhibits an overall higher incidence of adverse events in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, particularly in the gastrointestinal domain. Short-term use of GLP-1RA may be associated with a greater occurrence of adverse events, underscoring the importance of educating patients on preventive measures and establishing tolerance. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in severe adverse events and adverse events leading to discontinuation, confirming the safety profile of GLP-1RA application.
Cell surface vimentin: a natural human immune response target for immunotherapy
Authors: Glassy Mark C.
Published: February 2025

Natural human monoclonal antibodies obtained from sentinel lymph nodes of cancer patients identify cell surface vimentin. One of these vimentin-reactive antibodies, pritumumab, has been used to treat brain cancer patients. This review summarizes data on mAbs reactive with cell surface vimentin and their origin from lymph nodes of cancer patients.
Enhancing autophagy mitigates LPS-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglial M1 polarization and neuronophagocytosis
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Li Yun , Ma Kun , Su Guohai
Published: February 2025

Background

Autophagy, a regulator of inflammation, has been implicated in various central nervous system pathologies. Despite this, the role and mechanisms of autophagy in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation are not clear. This study investigated whether autophagy can play a neuroprotective role in LPS-induced neuroinflammation.

Methods

Primary microglial cells and male C57BL/6 J mice were treated with LPS, autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine, 3-MA), or autophagy activators (rapamycin). Cell viability, NF-κB pathway activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, M1 polarization, autophagy markers, and neuronal damage were evaluated via various techniques including CCK-8 assay, Western blot analysis, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and histological staining.

Results

LPS (1 μg/mL) effectively inhibited cell viability, stimulated the expression of IκB-α and NF-κB, and simultaneously suppressed autophagy protein expression. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 showed a significant increase. Contrary to the effect of 3-MA, the rapamycin treatment inhibited the polarization of microglia cells to the M1 type in the various groups of microglia cells after LPS stimulation. This was evidenced by decreased expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and CD86, and increased expression of Arg-1, IL-10, and CD206. In vivo experiments found that mice with injections of LPS and 3-MA in the lateral ventricle showed significantly increased expression of IκB-α and NF-κB in brain tissues, elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased autophagy levels, and increased necrotic neurons. There was increased aggregation of microglia cells and increased neuronophagocytosis. Conversely, mice injected with rapamycin showed enhanced neuronal cell autophagy, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis, and reduced neuronophagocytosis.

Conclusion

Enhancing autophagy can effectively mitigate LPS-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglial M1 polarization and neuronophagocytosis, thereby protecting neuronal integrity. These findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy in neuroinflammatory conditions.
Astrocyte-secreted factors modulate synaptic protein synthesis as revealed by puromycin labeling of isolated synaptosomes
Authors: de la Cruz-Gambra Aida , Baleriola Jimena
Published: February 2025

The synaptic proteome can be shaped by proteins transported from the neuronal soma and/or by mRNAs that are delivered to synapses where proteins are locally synthesized. This last mechanism is known as local translation. Local translation has been extensively studied in neurons in physiological conditions and, more recently, in neurological disorders, in which local transcriptomes and translatomes become dysregulated. It is widely believed that in neurons, the main source of localized transcripts is the neuronal soma and that localized translation is primarily regulated by the neuron itself. However, we wondered whether glial cells, especially astrocytes, could contribute to the modulation of synaptic local protein synthesis. To address this question, we compared levels of proteins produced in synaptic compartments in neuronal and neuron–astrocyte co-cultures using modified Boyden chambers or astrocyte-conditioned medium. We developed a methodology to measure local protein synthesis by puromycin labeling of isolated synaptosomes devoid of somatic input. Our results show that synaptic local translation is enhanced or retained when neurons are cultured in the presence of astrocytes and in response to astrocyte-conditioned medium. Puromycin labeling coupled with proximity ligation identified Rpl26 as one of the proteins whose local synthesis is regulated by astrocyte-secreted factors. Our results thus unravel the contribution of glia to synaptic protein synthesis and point to a previously unexplored extra layer of complexity in the regulation of local translation in neurons.
Validation of an albumin-indocyanine green-based China liver cancer staging system to evaluating resectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients and comparison with the Child-Pugh-based China liver cancer staging system
Authors: Chen MinQiang , Ren Chao , Wang MengXia , Yu Min , Wu Bo , Zhuang Bo , Jin JianXiang , Zhang YaoQi , Yu ShiAn
Published: February 2025

Aim

Here, the utility of an albumin-indocyanine green-based China liver cancer (CNLC) staging system (ALICE-CNLC) as a tool for the prognostic assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients was evaluated, comparing this system to the Child-Pugh score-based CNLC staging system.

Methods

The cohort for this study included 331 patients with HCC who had undergone hepatectomy at Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital Medical Group in China from April 2012-June 2021 and had postoperative pathology-confirmed HCC. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated, with log-rank tests used to examine prognostic factors. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used for identification of outcome predictors using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

The prediction of overall survival (OS) by the ALICE-CNLC system for patients with stage Ia disease was markedly better than that for patients with stage Ib and IIa disease (P=0.010, P=0.026), while the latter groups did not differ significantly (P=0.796). The ALICE-CNLC system predicted the 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates for patients with stage Ia, Ib, and IIa disease to be 50.4%, 47.7%, and 25%, respectively, with significant differences among the groups (P=0.033, P<0.001, and P=0.043). These results were similar to those of the CNLC staging system.The OS and RFS did not differ significantly between the same grades of patients evaluated with the ALICE-CNLC and CNLC staging systems.

Conclusion

The ALICE-CNLC and CNLC staging systems did not show significant differences in predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC who have undergone hepatectomy.
Efficacy and safety of endoscopic fenestration for treating giant middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts in pediatrics
Authors: Guo Huachao , Ma Zhen , Lv Qiang , Li Tao , Dong Liujian , Yu Jinliang , Feng Shubin , Wang Yushe
Published: February 2025

Objective

A middle cranial fossa is a well-recognized location for an intracranial arachnoid cyst in children. Giant middle fossa arachnoid cysts (GMFACs) can compress brain tissue, leading to rupture and potentially developing a subdural hygroma or hematoma. With recent advancements in neuroendoscopic technology, neuroendoscopic treatments have increasingly been used for middle fossa cysts. However, the risk of subdural effusion or hematoma is higher postoperatively, and the treatment for subdural effusion remains inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of this technology by evaluating the clinical and radiological outcomes of endoscopic fenestration for these cysts.

Methods

A retrospective review of the operative procedures database identified 26 procedures performed to fenestrate GMFACs at the Neurosurgery Department of Henan Provincial Children's Hospital. The minimum follow-up period exceeded 6 months.

Results

A total of 26 patients were included between 2016 and 2021. Among the 26 patients, 19 were male, with a mean age of 3.56 ± 2.98 years; 13 were under 2 years. With the applied technique, the cyst volume reduction rate was 76.9% (n = 20). A reduction of more than 50% in middle fossa arachnoid cyst volume was achieved in 57.7% of all patients (n = 15). In five cases (19.2%), the cyst had disappeared by the follow-up date, or its volume reduction exceeded 90%. Symptom improvement or resolution was observed in 13 of the 15 patients (86.7%). The postoperative subdural effusion rate was 53.8% (n = 14). Among these, 64.2% (9/14) of the children experienced complete absorption of subdural effusion, with a mean duration of 5.38 ± 5.37 months. Only 21.4% (3/14) of the children had subdural effusion requiring further surgery. The overall patient reoperation rate was 11.5% (3/26). The multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that age under 2 years was not associated with postoperative subdural effusion (p = 0.119) or the need for reoperation (p = 0.786).

Conclusions

This study analyzed the efficacy of endoscopic treatment in a predominantly treated patient cohort with GMFACs, as indicated by improved clinical symptoms and reduced radiological volume after treatment. Furthermore, This study has shown that age is neither the cause of subdural effusion nor the leading cause of secondary surgery. Most subdural effusions in children can be absorbed within a few months after surgery, and only a few children need subsequent surgical treatment. Endoscopy is a safe technique for managing giant middle fossa cysts, including younger children.
Ginseng and Polygonum multiflorum formula protects brain function in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Liu Jing-Jing , Wei Feng , Wang Ya-Dan , Liu Jing , Xu Bei-Lei , Ma Shuang-Cheng , Yang Jian-Bo
Published: February 2025

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no effective treatment currently available. The Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. formula (GSPM) has shown potential neuroprotective effects, but its therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms in AD remain unclear and require further investigation.

Methods

In this study, senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, an AD model, were treated with GSPM (low: 117 mg/kg, high: 234 mg/kg) or donepezil (1.3 mg/kg) via gavage for 2 months. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze. Hippocampal morphology was evaluated by H&E staining, and neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Microgliosis and astrogliosis were analyzed by Iba1 and GFAP immunohistochemistry. Levels of phosphorylated Tau, Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and senescence markers were measured. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. In vitro, the effects of GSPM were evaluated in Aβ1-42-stimulated HT22 hippocampal neurons. Cell viability was assessed via CCK-8, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The AMPK/Sirt1 pathway was investigated by Western blotting, and SIRT1-dependent effects were evaluated following EX527 treatment, a SIRT1 inhibitor.

Results

GSPM treatment improved cognitive function, reduced hippocampal tissue damage, and decreased neuronal apoptosis in AD mice. It alleviated neuroinflammation by reducing microgliosis and astrogliosis and lowered the levels of p-Tau protein and Aβ accumulation in both the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid. Additionally, GSPM reversed the enhanced inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal senescence observed in AD mice. Furthermore, GSPM modulated gut microbiota composition by reducing microbial diversity and restoring the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio to levels similar to those in control mice. GSPM increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, which was negatively correlated with inflammation, Aβ1-42, p-Tau, and senescence markers. It also decreased the abundance of bacteria, such as Oscillibacter, Helicobacter, and Odoribacter, which are associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal senescence. In line with in vivo findings, GSPM increased cell viability, reduced apoptosis, and alleviated oxidative stress in Aβ1-42-stimulated HT22 hippocampal neurons. It also decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced expression of senescence markers in vitro. Furthermore, GSPM restored AMPK phosphorylation and Sirt1 expression in neurons. Notably, inhibition of Sirt1 by EX527 reversed the neuroprotective effects of GSPM.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrated that GSPM exhibits protective effects on AD via suppressing the inflammation, oxidation, and senescence, possibly through regulating the Sirt1 signaling. These findings provided a novel therapeutic approach for AD.
Hepatotoxicity induced by arsenic trioxide: clinical features, mechanisms, preventive and potential therapeutic strategies
Authors: Wen Jun , Li Aiwen , Wang Ziliang , Guo Xiaoxiao , Zhang Gaoling , Litzow Mark R. , Liu Qiuju
Published: February 2025

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has shown substantial efficacy in the treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia, and the utilization of ATO as a potential treatment for other tumors is currently being investigated; thus, its clinical application is becoming more widespread. However, the toxicity of ATO has prevented many patients from receiving this highly beneficial treatment. The clinical features, mechanisms, and preventive measures for ATO hepatotoxicity, as well as potential curative strategies, are discussed in this review. This review not only discusses existing drugs for the treatment of hepatotoxicity but also focuses on potential future therapeutic agents, providing forward-looking guidance for the clinical use of small molecule extracts, trace elements, antidiabetic drugs, and vitamins.
The lower rate of bone and joint infection in patients with open extremity fractures associated with vaccination prior to injury: a propensity-matched cohort study
Authors: Hu Wencheng , Shi Saiyu , Lin Junqing , Gao Tao , Shen Junjie , Sun Yi , Wei Haifeng , Zheng Xianyou
Published: February 2025

Background

Vaccines could strengthen the innate immune system in addition to conferring protection against their target pathogen via vaccine-induced immunomodulation, a phenomenon termed trained immunity. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether vaccination prior to injury is associated with a lower rate of bone and joint infections (BJIs) in patients with open extremity fractures.

Methods

Patients with open extremity fractures treated at one hospital between January 2010 and December 2019 were identified. Incidental vaccine recipients and control cohorts were matched in a 1:1 ratio using propensity scores based on age, sex, anatomical location of the fracture, Gustilo–Anderson classification, body mass index (BMI), and diagnosis of diabetes. The primary endpoint was BJIs within 1 year after initial injury. Secondary outcomes were neutrophil counts and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels within 24 h of admission. Logistic or linear regression was performed to control for potential confounding factors when comparing primary and secondary outcomes.

Results

Vaccine inoculation history was successfully collected from 6,338 patients, with only 83 patients receiving an incidental vaccine inoculation within 3 months before injury. After propensity score matching, demographic and clinical factors were well-balanced between cohorts (all standardized differences >0.1). After controlling for potential confounders, patients in the vaccine group were at a lower risk of BJIs after open extremity fractures (vaccine, 2/83 [2.4%]; control, 10/83 [12.0%), p = 0.011). Levels of circulating neutrophils and CRP were slightly increased in the vaccine group.

Conclusion

Vaccine inoculation is associated with the lower BJI rate after open extremity fractures, and vaccinated patients might have a more robust immune response against bacterial challenges in terms of neutrophil and CRP levels after injury. Future prospective cohort studies and clinical trials are warranted to evaluate this finding definitively.

Clinical Trail registration

http://www.chictr.org.cn/usercenter.aspx, identifier ChiCTR2000041093.
Sesquiterpene lactones and cancer: new insight into antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects of parthenolide-derived Dimethylaminomicheliolide and Micheliolide
Authors: Li Jian , Li Xin , Liu Hongwei
Published: February 2025

The isolation and application of biological macromolecules (BMMs) have become central in applied science today, with these compounds serving as anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory agents. Parthenolide (PTL), a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone derived from Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew), is among the most important of these BMMs. PTL has been extensively studied for its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a promising candidate for further research and drug development. This review summarizes the anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects of PTL and its derivatives, with a focus on Micheliolide (MCL) and Dimethylaminomicheliolide (DMAMCL). These compounds, derived from PTL, have been developed to overcome PTL’s instability in acidic and basic conditions and its low solubility. We also explore their potential in targeted and combination therapies, providing a comprehensive overview of their therapeutic mechanisms and highlighting their significance in future cancer treatment strategies.
Molecular characterization of the heterogeneity of satellite cell populations isolated from an individual Turkey pectoralis major muscle
Authors: Yu Hui , Li Zhenyang , Yimiletey Joseph , Wan Chunmei , Velleman Sandra
Published: February 2025

Satellite cells (SCs) are myogenic stem cells responsible for post hatch muscle growth and the regeneration of muscle fibers. Satellite cells are not a homogenous population of cells within a muscle and have variable rates of proliferation and differentiation even within a single fiber type muscle like the turkey pectoralis major muscle. In this study, the single satellite cell clones derived from the same turkey pectoralis major muscle with different proliferation rates were compared. The clones were classified as either fast-growing (early clone) or slow-growing (late clone) SCs. To thoroughly examine the molecular differences between these two groups, RNA sequencing was conducted to compare their transcriptomes following 72 h of proliferation. Principal Component Analysis confirmed that the transcriptomic profiles of early- and late-clones are markedly distinct. Differential gene expression analysis identified over 5,300 genes that were significantly differentially expressed between the two groups of cells. Gene ontology analysis showed that genes highly expressed in early clones are responsible for the fundamental aspects of muscle biology, including muscle tissue development and structural maturation. Conversely, genes upregulated in late clones are involved in cell-cell communication, extracellular matrix interactions, signal ligand activity, and cytokine activity—key components for forming an extracellular niche essential for functional satellite cells maintenance. Further examination of specific gene ontology categories such as muscle structure development and extracellular matrix components indicated significant differences in gene expression patterns between early- and late-clones. These findings highlight the genetic and functional diversity of SCs in turkeys. The distinct roles of these satellite cell populations indicate that a balance between them is necessary for preserving the normal physiological functions of SCs.
How dispositional optimism–pessimism relates to early adolescents’ emotional maladjustment during COVID-19? Moderating roles of knowledge about the disease and parent-child conflicts
Authors: Jiang Yongqiang , Wu Dazhou , Lin Xiuyun
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated containment measures changed the daily lives of children and adolescents around the world. To investigate the individual differences in emotional maladjustment under the COVID-19 pandemic, this study focused on the roles of dispositional optimism-pessimism, knowledge about the COVID-19 disease, and conflicts with parents among Chinese early adolescents.

Method

edge about the COVID-19 disease, and conflicts with parents among Chinese early adolescents. The participants were 2,958 early adolescents aged 10 to 14 years old who completed online questionnaires during the pandemic.

Results

While higher pessimism and lower optimism both led to increased emotional maladjustment, pessimism made a greater contribution. Knowledge about the disease and parent-child conflicts were both risk factors for adolescents’ emotional maladjustment, yet optimism and pessimism interacted with different factors. More knowledge about the disease intensified the effect of pessimism, and more parent-conflict undermined the effect of optimism.

Discussion

Our findings provide directions for future aid in adolescence during hard periods depending on one’s personality.
Study on the current situation and spatial distribution of intimate partner violence among Chinese residents
Authors: Zhang Ruofan , Qu Ge , Sun Yuchao , Feng Jing , Lei Zihui , Li Xinyan , Shen Aoqi , Zuo Yanli , Gan Yong
Published: February 2025

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV), defined as any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological, or sexual harm to those in the relationship, is a significant public health issue worldwide. To analyze the current status and spatial distribution patterns of IPV among residents in China, and identify the nationwide prevalence trends and regions of high severity, so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation and implementation of government interventions.

Methods

A multi-stage sampling approach was employed to conduct a psychological and behavioral survey among 31,449 residents in 148 cities across the nation from June to August 2022. IPV was measured using a self-developed scale that was specifically designed and culturally adapted for the Chinese context, and it was been categorized into psychological violence, physical violence and sexual violence. Geographic information system (GIS) technology and spatial analysis methods was applied. GeoDa 1.18, ArcGIS 10.8 and STATA 17 software were utilized for data analysis.

Results

The prevalence rates of IPV among Chinese residents was 45.80%, and the prevalence rates of psychological violence, physical violence and sexual violence was 44.50, 21.65 and 18.96%, respectively. The standard deviation plot of prevalence rates across provinces revealed that residents in Shanghai consistently had higher rates of all three categories of IPV compared to the national average level. The results of local spatial auto-correlation analysis indicated that there was a high-high clustering pattern of overall prevalence rates of IPV in Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces, and a high-low clustering pattern was observed in Jilin, Hebei, and Ningxia provinces. The distribution pattern of intimate partner psychological violence prevalence rates showed a similar clustering pattern as the overall IPV. Additionally, there was a low-low clustering pattern of intimate partner physical violence in Anhui province, and a low-low clustering pattern of intimate partner sexual violence was identified in Anhui and Shandong provinces.

Conclusion

The prevalence rates of IPV in China was relatively high, especially in Shanghai, and there was a certain degree of spatial distribution difference, which urgently needs to be paid attention to by relevant departments and institutions, especially around Zhejiang and Jiangxi in eastern China.
Predicting therapy dropout in chronic pain management: a machine learning approach to cannabis treatment
Authors: Visibelli Anna , Finetti Rebecca , Roncaglia Bianca , Poli Paolo , Spiga Ottavia , Santucci Annalisa
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Chronic pain affects approximately 30% of the global population, posing a significant public health challenge. Despite their widespread use, traditional pharmacological treatments, such as opioids and NSAIDs, often fail to deliver adequate, long-term relief while exposing patients to risks of addiction and adverse side effects. Given these limitations, medical cannabis has emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative with both analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its clinical efficacy is hindered by high interindividual variability in treatment response and elevated dropout rates.

Methods

A comprehensive dataset integrating genetic, clinical, and pharmacological information was compiled from 542 Caucasian patients undergoing cannabis-based treatment for chronic pain. A machine learning (ML) model was developed and validated to predict therapy dropout. To identify the most influential factors driving dropout, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was performed.

Results

The random forest classifier demonstrated robust performance, achieving a mean accuracy of 80% and a maximum of 86%, with an AUC of 0.86. SHAP analysis revealed that high final VAS scores and elevated THC dosages were the most significant predictors of dropout, both strongly correlated with an increased likelihood of discontinuation. In contrast, baseline therapeutic benefits, CBD dosages, and the CC genotype of the rs1049353 polymorphism in the CNR1 gene were associated with improved adherence.

Discussion

Our findings highlight the potential of ML and pharmacogenetics to personalize cannabis-based therapies, improving adherence and enabling more precise management of chronic pain. This research paves the way for the development of tailored therapeutic strategies that maximize the benefits of medical cannabis while minimizing its side effects.
The correlation between sperm DNA methylation and DNA damage: a comparison of comet and TUNEL
Authors: Zimmerman Hailey , Jenkins Tim
Published: February 2025

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between sperm DNA methylation and DNA damage as determined by the comet or TUNEL assays.

Design

Retrospective research study.

Setting

University-based andrology and in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory.

Patient(s)

Data came from 1,470 male partners (ages 18 and older) recruited from heterosexual couples (ages 18–45 years) seeking fertility treatments. These data were analyzed retrospectively from the Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation Trial (FAZST) study.

Main outcome measure(s)

Comet and TUNEL measures and associations with DNA methylation patterns.

Result(s)

Comet and TUNEL values were correlated with one another across all samples (R2 = 0.34, P < 0.001); however, when assessing the highest and lowest scores reported from each assay, there was little overlap between patients. This suggests that Comet and TUNEL are identifying key differences that may be meaningful and correlated with other sperm metrics. We compared both comet and TUNEL to methylation array data using a sliding window analysis, which identified far more significantly differentially methylated sites as a function of comet than TUNEL (3,387 vs. 23). Interestingly, sites associated with comet were associated with biological pathways related to DNA methylation involved in germline development, as determined by a GO term analysis. The TUNEL assay, by comparison, produced no relevant biological pathways.

Conclusion(s)

Because the comet and TUNEL assays are both used to indicate levels of DNA damage, and outputs of both are correlated to each other, it would seem to follow that both are equally predictive of deviations in DNA methylation patterns. The findings of this study suggest that this is not the case. The comet assay shows a significantly higher association with DNA methylation disruption, and we therefore believe it to be a better indicator of sperm epigenetic health.
Unveiling pathways: exploring chronological and maturational biases in a Spanish professional soccer academy
Authors: Peñín-Grandes Saúl , Mesonero-García Silvia , Huertas Olmedo Florentino , Ginés Cabeza Honorato Jose , Ballester Lengua Rafael
Published: February 2025

This brief research report aimed to analyze the prevalence of asymmetries in players' date of birth, the influence of relative age affects (RAEs) and maturation on players' participation, and the potential maturity biases in performance indicators in a Spanish professional male soccer academy. Maturity status was determined as the percentage of predicted adult height (%PAH). RAEs are strongly represented in the sample as 77% of players were born in the first semester of the year. Relatively older players do not appear to receive significantly more playing minutes, while more mature players showed a higher percentage of playing time in U13 and U14, with no differences in U15 and U16. In other performance indicators, more mature players do not have an advantage when it comes to being considered “promising players”, training and competing with higher chronological age groups and being selected by state teams. Finally, individual maturity level within the team does not appear to be relevant to the club's proposal to continue in the academy. Our results show a strong overrepresentation of players born in the first semester of the year, indicating the presence of RAEs. However, this bias does not translate into significant differences in competitive performance, such as playing time. Conversely, individual maturity status demonstrates a transient effect on playing time in younger age groups (U13 and U14). These findings underscore the importance of understanding the interplay between RAEs and maturity biases in talent identification and development in the highly competitive framework of a professional soccer academy.
Isthmic spondylolisthesis combined with schwannoma occurring at the same vertebral level: a case report and literature review
Authors: Niu Renrui , Zhao Jianhui , Li Chaoyuan , Guo Fengshuo , Duan Yuchi , Luo Wenqi , Gu Rui
Published: February 2025

Background

The occurrence of schwannomas at the level of isthmic spondylolisthesis has not yet been reported. Preoperative identification of the responsible lesion and a rational surgical plan are essential for successful surgery.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 56-year-old woman who presented with a six-year history of low back pain and a three-year history of radiating pain in the left lower extremity. Physical examination revealed signs of left L5 root compression. Computed tomography revealed left L5–S1 intervertebral foramen stenosis with an isthmic fracture. Unexpectedly, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an abnormal 12 mm*11 mm*21 mm intradural mass with inhomogeneous contrast enhancement at the level of the spondylolisthesis. Isthmic spondylolisthesis and schwannoma were suspected. Based on the imaging and physical findings, we inferred that the lower-extremity pain was primarily caused by lumbar spondylolisthesis. Under general anesthesia, the patient underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion of L5–S1 and intradural total tumorectomy. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen revealed a schwannoma. The patient's symptoms resolved postoperatively, and intervertebral fusion was satisfactory at the 12-month follow-up.

Conclusion

This case demonstrates the difficulty of determining the responsible lesion, highlighting the importance of meticulous clinical and imaging examinations. Determining the responsible lesion is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
Influence of fermented milk permeate containing antimicrobial Lactobacillus and galactooligosaccharides on growth performance and health parameters in neonatal piglets
Authors: Badaras Sarunas , Starkute Vytaute , Mockus Ernestas , Ruzauskas Modestas , Klupsaite Dovile , Mozuriene Erika , Dailidaviciene Jurgita , Dauksiene Agila , Vadopalas Laurynas , Bartkiene Elena
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to compare the effects of fermented milk permeate (MP) containing Pediococcus pentosaceus (MPPp) and P. acidilactici (MPPa) on growth performance, plasma parameters, and the faecal microbial, metataxonomic, and physicochemical characteristics of Topigs Norsvin Yorkshire piglets. A total of 36 1-day-old piglets were divided into three groups: (i) control group (C), (ii) MPPp group, and (iii) MPPa group. The treated groups, in addition to their full-fledged combined pre-starter diet, received 25 mL of MP daily. After the experiment, piglets in the MPPa group exhibited the highest weight gain, while piglets in the MPPp group showed the highest IgM concentration. Both experimental groups demonstrated increased Lactobacillus counts in the faeces. Although the numbers of Lactobacillus and Enterobacteria increased, these microbial changes did not show a direct correlation with growth performance. The feces of MPPa piglets had a unique volatile compound profile, characterized by higher levels of butanoic acid and indole levels, which may be linked to differences in their metataxonomic profile. The MPPp group showed a greater variety of bacterial patterns compared to the control and MPPa groups. Post-experiment, the MPPa group demonstrated the highest prevalence of specific bacterial species, Parabacteroides sp. 12,306, Terrisporobacter sp. 34,393, Holdemanella sp. 36,738, and Lachnospiraceae sp. In conclusion, feeding piglets with MPPa proved beneficial for achieving better weight gain while also promoting the proliferation of specific bacteria species and contributing to a distinctive VC profile in their faeces. These findings highlight the importance of further research into the metabolic pathways underlying these observations.