bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Method of Winding Fault Classification in Transformer Based on Moving Window Calculation and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Fu Chao , Tong Yue , Yuan Tian , Wang Qi , Cheng Junjie , Li Hao
Published: July 2022

Winding fault is one of the most common types of transformer faults. The frequency response method is a common diagnosis method for winding fault detection. In order to improve the feature extraction ability of the frequency response curve before and after the winding fault, this paper proposes a winding fault feature extraction method based on the moving window algorithm to improve the Euclidean distance and correlation coefficient and uses a support vector machine to diagnose winding fault. “Moving window meter algorithm” refers to the fixed moving window width and window moving interval, scanning the entire frequency response curve from the initial point to the end point of the frequency response curve, using the correlation coefficient (CC) and Euclidean distance (ED) to calculate the mathematical index of each window. The mathematical index of each window is used as the characteristic quantity of fault type classification. Finally, the grid search algorithm is used to optimize the support vector machine to classify and identify the type of winding fault. At the same time, the standard support vector machine s(SVM) and back propagation neural network algorithm (BPNN) are compared with the support vector machine optimized by the grid search method to diagnose the fault type. The research shows that the improved correlation coefficient and Euclidean distance using the moving window algorithm are more sensitive to winding faults than the traditional calculation methods. The combination of the two calculation methods makes up for the shortcomings of their respective methods. The fault features obtained meet the requirements of the support vector machine for fault diagnosis, and the grid search method-optimized support vector machine classification algorithm has a good classification and recognition effect on the identification of fault types. The effectiveness and superiority of this method are further illustrated.
The Role of Bending Films in the Lowest Instrumented Vertebra Selection in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Lenke Type 1A,B Based on Asymmetrical Disc Loading and Decompensation
Authors: Prymek Martin , Vyskocil Robert , Sklensky Jan , Kocanda Jan , Sprlakova-Pukova Andrea , Filipovic Milan , Repko Martin
Published: July 2022

Patients with severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) require instrumented spinal fusion surgery. The range of instrumented vertebra is still questioned, especially the selection of the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV). This single institution retrospective consecutive study is to provide real-world data on outcomes. The study aims to assess whether bending films can determine the LIV. The method of determination of the lower tilted vertebra (LTV) is presented. The selection of the LTV was identified on standing PA (LTVs) and on bending X-rays (LTVb). Group A is a reference group, with less flexible curves. Groups B and C contained patients with more flexible curves. Group B covered patients with instrumentation ending at the LTVs and group C with shorter instrumentation ending at LTVb. The disc angle below the LIV was monitored for postoperative decompensation. Sixty-eight subjects with AIS Lenke 1A and 1B types underwent selective fusion. The decompensation criteria of the unfused disc below the fusion were determined as a wedging disk of >5° of the Cobb angle. The patients were monitored during the postoperative period with 5.8 years average followup (minimum of 2 years). The rate of decompensation was comparable in groups A and B (31% and 33%, respectively). In contrast, the rate of decompensation was doubled in group C (60%). Caudal fusion shortening in more flexible curves according to bending films is associated with the first free disc asymmetry, which leads to decompensation below the fusion. This method should be considered in addition to other LIV selection criteria.
Solving a System of Differential Equations with Infinite Delay by Using Tripled Fixed Point Techniques on Graphs
Authors: Hammad Hasanen A. , Zayed Mohra
Published: July 2022

In this manuscript, some similar tripled fixed point results under certain restrictions on a b−metric space endowed with graphs are established. Furthermore, an example is provided to support our results. The obtained results extend, generalize, and unify several similar significant contributions in the literature. Finally, to further extend our results, the existence of a solution to a system of ordinary differential equations with infinite delay is derived.
On Special Properties for Continuous Convex Operators and Related Linear Operators
Authors: Olteanu Octav
Published: July 2022

This paper provides a uniform boundedness theorem for a class of convex operators, such as Banach–Steinhaus theorem for families of continuous linear operators. The case of continuous symmetric sublinear operators is outlined. Second, a general theorem characterizing the existence of the solution of the Markov moment problem is reviewed, and a related minimization problem is solved. Convexity is the common point of the two aims of the paper mentioned above.
A Novel Multi-Dimensional Analysis Approach to Teaching and Learning Analytics in Higher Education
Authors: Li Qingyun , Duffy Peter , Zhang Zhongyang
Published: July 2022

E-learning platforms are being used in higher education to liberate teaching and learning from the constraints of time, pace, and space. These platforms provide rich media content, collaborative assessment, and analytics tools and support learning through a variety of online possibilities. However, the focus of most of this research is on learning analytics inside e-learning platforms and does not cover other related institutional surveys and educator professional development activities. This paper outlines a novel conceptual approach for the creation of a teaching and learning data warehouse analytics system that utilizes a Multi-Dimensional Analysis approach to teaching and learning analytics across these e-learning platforms in combination with other institutional data sources, such as various institutional surveys, tracking of professional development activities, and analysis of the use of the learning management system. The novel teaching and learning data warehouse analytics system (TLDWAS) is being developed at Lingnan University, a leading liberal arts university in Hong Kong. The genesis of this project is analyzing large volumes of teaching and learning data and presenting a big picture for senior management to gain insight from massive amounts of student courses and teacher evaluation data, fill the research gaps mentioned above, and help educators identify problems and solutions more effectively. The TLDWAS provides a visual interface for identifying some indicators and storing, classifying, and analyzing teaching and learning data in various forms to generate statistics, analyze models, and identify meaningful patterns in the data in order to improve teaching and learning. The TLDWAS not only provides more evidence-based decision-making for senior management but is also capable of being applied to identify patterns and relations pertaining to students’ academic performance, usage of e-learning systems, and associated staff development activities.
Single-Parameter Aging in the Weakly Nonlinear Limit
Authors: Mehri Saeed , Costigliola Lorenzo , Dyre Jeppe C.
Published: July 2022

Physical aging deals with slow property changes over time caused by molecular rearrangements. This is relevant for non-crystalline materials such as polymers and inorganic glasses, both in production and during subsequent use. The Narayanaswamy theory from 1971 describes physical aging—an inherently nonlinear phenomenon—in terms of a linear convolution integral over the so-called material time ξ. The resulting “Tool–Narayanaswamy (TN) formalism” is generally recognized to provide an excellent description of physical aging for small, but still highly nonlinear, temperature variations. The simplest version of the TN formalism is single-parameter aging according to which the clock rate dξ/dt is an exponential function of the property monitored. For temperature jumps starting from thermal equilibrium, this leads to a first-order differential equation for property monitored, involving a system-specific function. The present paper shows analytically that the solution to this equation to first order in the temperature variation has a universal expression in terms of the zeroth-order solution, R0(t). Numerical data for a binary Lennard–Jones glass former probing the potential energy confirm that, in the weakly nonlinear limit, the theory predicts aging correctly from R0(t) (which by the fluctuation–dissipation theorem is the normalized equilibrium potential-energy time-autocorrelation function).
Anticancer Activity of Bee Venom Components against Breast Cancer
Authors: Kwon Na-Yoen , Sung Soo-Hyun , Sung Hyun-Kyung , Park Jang-Kyung
Published: July 2022

While the survival rate has increased due to treatments for breast cancer, the quality of life has decreased because of the side effects of chemotherapy. Various toxins are being developed as alternative breast cancer treatments, and bee venom is drawing attention as one of them. We analyzed the effect of bee venom and its components on breast cancer cells and reviewed the mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of bee venom. Data up to March 2022 were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, OASIS, KISS, and Science Direct online databases, and studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Among 612 studies, 11 were selected for this research. Diverse drugs were administered, including crude bee venom, melittin, phospholipase A2, and their complexes. All drugs reduced the number of breast cancer cells in proportion to the dose and time. The mechanisms of anticancer effects included cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell targeting, gene expression regulation, and cell lysis. Summarily, bee venom and its components exert anticancer effects on human breast cancer cells. Depending on the mechanisms of anticancer effects, side effects are expected to be reduced by using various vehicles. Bee venom and its components have the potential to prevent and treat breast cancer in the future.
Exploring the Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Chen Huanquan , Zhang Junyan , He Ying , Lv Zhuoyi , Liang Zhengtong , Chen Jianze , Li Peishan , Liu Jiawei , Yang Hongchen , Tao Ailin , Liu Xueting
Published: July 2022

Staphylococcus aureus is a very common Gram-positive bacterium, and S. aureus infections play an extremely important role in a variety of diseases. This paper describes the types of virulence factors involved, the inflammatory cells activated, the process of host cell death, and the associated diseases caused by S. aureus. S. aureus can secrete a variety of enterotoxins and other toxins to trigger inflammatory responses and activate inflammatory cells, such as keratinocytes, helper T cells, innate lymphoid cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Activated inflammatory cells can express various cytokines and induce an inflammatory response. S. aureus can also induce host cell death through pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, etc. This article discusses S. aureus and MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pulmonary cystic fibrosis, allergic asthma, food poisoning, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, and osteomyelitis. Summarizing the pathogenic mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus provides a basis for the targeted treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection.
A Three-Order, Divergence-Free Scheme for the Simulation of Solar Wind
Authors: Zhang Man , Feng Xueshang
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we present a three-order, divergence-free finite volume scheme to simulate the steady state solar wind ambient. The divergence-free condition of the magnetic field is preserved by the constrained transport (CT) method. The CT method can keep the magnetic fields divergence free if the magnetic fields is divergence free initially. Thus, a least-squares reconstruction of magnetic field with the divergence free constraints is used to make the magnetic fields global solenoidality initially. High order spatial accuracy is obtained through a non-oscillatory hierarchical reconstruction, while a high order time discretization is achieved using a three-order Runge–Kutta scheme. This new model of three order in space and time is validated by numerical results for Carrington rotation 2207. The numerical results show its capability for producing stable reliable results for structured solar wind. The high-order, divergence-free properties of this method make it an ideal tool for the simulations of coronal mass ejection in future.
Inducible miR-150 Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication by Targeting Viral Genome and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1
Authors: Li Sihan , Zhang Xuan , Yao Yao , Zhu Yingqi , Zheng Xiaojie , Liu Fang , Feng Wenhai
Published: July 2022

Hosts exploit various approaches to defend against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key negative post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and have been reported to play important roles in regulating virus infection. Here, we identified that miR-150 was differentially expressed in virus permissive and non-permissive cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated that PRRSV induced the expression of miR-150 via activating the protein kinase C (PKC)/c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK)/c-Jun pathway, and overexpression of miR-150 suppressed PRRSV replication. Further analysis revealed that miR-150 not only directly targeted the PRRSV genome, but also facilitated type I IFN signaling. RNA immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that miR-150 targeted the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), which is a negative regulator of Janus activated kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of the transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. The inverse correlation between miR-150 and SOCS1 expression implies that miR-150 plays a role in regulating ISG expression. In conclusion, miR-150 expression is upregulated upon PRRSV infection. miR-150 feedback positively targets the PRRSV genome and promotes type I IFN signaling, which can be seen as a host defensive strategy.
Adverse Events of Vaccination against Hepatitis B Virus in Post-Marketing Surveillance from 2005 to 2017 in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Minyi , Yang Meiling , Chen Qing
Published: July 2022

The present study focused on the adverse events following the vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the Guangdong Province of China between 2005 and 2017. In total, more than 88 million doses of HBV vaccine were administered in the Guangdong Province during the study period. A total of 3115 adverse events following immunization (AEFI) related to HBV vaccination occurred, with an overall incidence of 35.39 per million doses. Of these, 1801 cases were male, and 1314 were female; 74.01% (2376/3115) of the cases occurred in children aged less than 2 years; 56.05% (1746/3115) of the cases were classified as common vaccine reactions; and 30.37% (946/3115) of the cases were grouped into rare vaccine reactions. Additionally, 27.74% (864/3115) of the cases were classified as allergic reactions, 0.10% (3/3115) were temporary neurological events, and 1.28% (36/3115) were diagnosed as severe adverse events. This study suggested that the HBV vaccine posed a reasonable profile because most adverse events remained relatively mild, and the neurological events were relatively rare. This study concluded that the incidence of severe vaccine reactions related to HBV vaccination are extremely low.
Observations and Correlations from a 3-Year Study of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in the Mohawk River in Upstate NY
Authors: Lininger Kyle J. , Ormanoski Michael , Rodak Carolyn M.
Published: July 2022

Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), such as E. coli and Enterococci, are used to indicate the potential of fecal contamination in waterways. One known source of FIB in urbanized areas is the occurrence of combined sewer overflows (CSOs). To explore the impact of CSOs on local water quality and FIB presence, sampling was conducted during the summers of 2017–2019 of two cities, one with CSOs and one without, on the Mohawk River in upstate New York, USA. Sampling included in situ physiochemical parameters of pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen and laboratory tests for E. coli, Enterococci, nitrates, and total organic carbon (TOC). Correlations between parameters were explored using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and Spearman’s Rank correlation with and without considerations of site and city location. Overall, positive correlations between FIB and rainfall were identified in one city but were less significant in the other, suggesting a buffering of FIB concentrations likely due to inflow contributions from a reservoir. Samples collected downstream from an active CSO reached the detection limit of the FIB tests, demonstrating a 2-log or greater increase in FIB concentrations from dry weather conditions. The city with CSOs demonstrated greater FIB concentrations, which are likely a combination of greater urban runoff, CSOs, and the potential resuspension of sediment during high flow events. Due to the widespread presence of FIB in the region, future research includes utilizing microbial source tracking to identify the sources of contamination in the region.
A Field Study for the Effects of Grass Cover, Rainfall Intensity and Slope Length on Soil Erosion in the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: He Zimiao , Xiao Peiqing , Yu Xinxiao , Hao Shilong , Jia Guodong , Yang Chunxia
Published: July 2022

Slope length is an important topographic factor for controlling soil erosion. There exists limited knowledge of the interactions of slope length, vegetation restoration, and rainfall intensity on soil erosion. This study investigated the impact of the slope length on soil erosion for different grass coverages and different rainfall intensities via simulated rainfall experiments. The experiments included five rainfall intensity treatments (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mm min−1), four grass cover treatments (0%, 30%, 60%, and 90%), and five slope length treatments (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 m). The change process of soil loss was significantly different (p < 0.05) for different slope lengths. The trend of soil loss changing with slope length is: under a grass cover of 0 or 30%, the soil erosion increased exponentially with increasing slope length. However, under a grass cover of 60%, the soil erosion rate peaked at a slope length of 8 m, and under a grass cover of 90%, the soil erosion rate peaked at a slope length of 6 m. At rainfall intensities of 1.5–2 mm min−1, the overall soil erosion amount was small. The soil loss increased drastically with slope length when the rainfall intensity exceeded 2 mm min−1. Compared with a slope length of 2 m, longer slope lengths increased the erosion rate by 225–930% under different grass coverages treatments. Regression analysis showed that grass cover and rainfall intensity change the trend of erosion with slope length, and the negative effect of slope length on erosion is strengthened with the increase of grass cover, while this negative effect gradually weakens with the increase of rainfall intensity.
Evaluating the Field Performance of Permeable Concrete Pavers
Authors: Nguyen Nam P. T. , Sultana Albert , Areerachakul Nathaporn , Kandasamy Jaya
Published: July 2022

The benefits of using permeable interlocking concrete pavement systems (PICPs) have not translated into widespread adoption in Australia, where their uptake has been slow. This paper communicates the actual performance of PICPs installed in the field by providing evidence of their long-term efficiency. There are currently no Australian standards for design, specification and installation of PICPs. In this study, field measurements were conducted to determine the infiltration capacity of PICPs in Sydney and Wollongong, New South Wales, applying the single ring infiltrometer test (SRIT) and the stormwater infiltration field test (SWIFT). A strong correlation was found between the results of the two tests in a previous study, which was verified in this study. The long-term performance of PICPs is demonstrated by their high infiltration rates (ranging from 125 mm/h to 25,000 mm/h) measured in this study at field sites under a diverse range of conditions. The influences of conditions such as age of installation, slope and tree cover on infiltration rates were explored.
Evaluation of Snow and Streamflows Using Noah-MP and WRF-Hydro Models in Aroostook River Basin, Maine
Authors: Sthapit Engela , Lakhankar Tarendra , Hughes Mimi , Khanbilvardi Reza , Cifelli Robert , Mahoney Kelly , Currier William Ryan , Viterbo Francesca , Rafieeinasab Arezoo
Published: July 2022

Snow influences land–atmosphere interactions in snow-dominated areas, and snow melt contributes to basin streamflows. However, estimating snowpack properties such as the snow depth (SD) and snow water equivalent (SWE) from land surface model simulations remains a challenge. This is, in part, due to uncertainties in the atmospheric forcing variables, which propagate into hydrological model predictions. This study implements the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Hydro framework with the Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-MP) land surface model in the NOAA’s National Water Model (NWM) version 2.0 configuration to estimate snow in a single column and subsequently the streamflow across the Aroostook River’s sub-basins in Maine for water years (WY) 2014–2016. This study evaluates how differences between two atmospheric forcing datasets, the North American Land Data Assimilation version 2 (NLDAS-2) and in situ (Station), translate into differences in the simulation of snow. NLDAS-2 was used as the meteorological forcing in the retrospective NWM 2.0 simulations. The results from the single-column study showed that differences in the simulated SWE and SD were linked to differences in the 2 m air temperature (T2m), which influenced the precipitation partitioning of rain and snow, as parameterized in Noah-MP. The negative mean bias of −0.7 K (during the accumulation period) in T2m for NLDAS-2, compared to the Station forcing, was a major factor that contributed to the positive mean bias of +52 mm on average in the peak SWE in the NLDAS-2-forced Noah-MP simulation during the study period. The higher T2m values at the Station led to higher sensible heat fluxes towards the snowpack, which led to a higher amount of net energy at the snow’s surface and melt events during the accumulation season in Station-forced Noah-MP simulations. The results from the retrospective NWM version 2.0′s simulation in the basin showed that the streamflow estimates were closer to the United States Geological Survey gage observations at the two larger sub-basins (NSE = 0.9), which were mostly forested, compared to the two smaller sub-basins (NSE ≥ 0.4), which had more agricultural land-use. This study also showed that the spring snowmelt timing was captured quite well by the timing of the decline in the simulated SWE and SD, providing an early indication of melt in most sub-basins. The simulated fractional snow cover area (fSCA) however provided less information about the changes in snow or onset of snowmelt as it was mostly binary (full snow cover in winter), which differed from the more realistic fSCA values shown by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer.
Structural Characteristics of Periphytic Algal Community and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in the Taiyuan Region of the Fenhe River
Authors: Zhao Kangxu , Yang Jing , Lv Junping , Liu Qi , Liu Xudong , Xie Shulian , Feng Jia
Published: July 2022

In order to explore the characteristics of the periphytic algae community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in the Taiyuan region of the Fenhe River, a total of six sampling sites were investigated in July and December 2021. The effects of water quality status and environmental factors at each sampling point on the community structure of epiphytes were detected. The results showed that a total of 7 phyla and 54 genera of periphytic algae were identified in the Taiyuan region of the Fenhe River, and the species composition was mainly Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, and Chlorophyta. According to the analysis results of the biodiversity index, the water body of the Taiyuan region of the Fenhe River is in a state of moderate pollution. The correlation analysis between the epiphytic algae and environmental factors showed that the cell density of algae was significantly correlated with dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphate (PO43−-P), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and transparency (SD) in the wet season. The algal cell density in the dry season was significantly correlated with water temperature (WT), TP, PO43−-P, and COD. According to the redundancy analysis, the community distribution of the epiphytic algae in the Taiyuan region of the Fenhe River was closely related to physical and chemical factors such as COD, nitrate nitrogen (NO−3 -N), WT, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and TP, and COD is the main environmental factor driving the change in the community distribution of the periphytic algae in the wet season. TN is the main control factor driving the change in the biological community distribution of periphytic algae in the dry season.
3D Printing Technique for Experimental Modeling of Hydraulic Structures: Exemplary Scaled Weir Models
Authors: Oertel Mario , Shen Xiaoyang
Published: July 2022

3D printing is a fast growing industry and is affecting many areas of our daily lives, e.g., in medical fields, mechanics, as well as engineering. For hydraulic experimental modeling, this technique offers a new alternative that could enable a more sufficient and rapid model fabrication, especially for models that feature complex geometries. The present study thus evaluates the feasibility of applying 3D printing to fabricate scaled hydraulic experimental models for laboratory use. Various weir models were printed and compared to conventionally produced reference models in terms of the fabrication process, resulting discharge coefficients, and hydraulic performance. Results show that while being more cost- and time-effective during the fabrication process, properly 3D printed models were able to fulfill experimental requirements and deliver accurate results with a relative deviation less than 5% compared to conventionally fabricated models. The printing layer height was found to be the most critical parameter influencing the model’s final quality. Associated with the additive building approach, surface irregularities of 3D printed models were noted to be able to cause undesired nappe behavior, which might affect experimental results under certain conditions. To avoid such issues, a reduction of plotted layer heights or additional surface improvements could be helpful. Based on experimental results and visual assessments, 0.4 mm layer height can be recommended as a good compromise for model configurations tested herein.
Aragonesisms in Current Use
Authors:   Society for International Cultural Institute, Moros Fernando Miguel
Published: July 2022

This study focuses on the diatopic variant from the Spanish region of Aragón (Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón), also known as castellian-aragones. We will inform how this variant differs from other variants and construct a short list of Aragonesisms, including expressions, which are in common use at the present almost exclusively in this region. In the context of Teaching Spanish as FL in Korea, a proxy translation to the Korean language has also been included for each word and expression. Due to the extension constraints for this work we will be narrow down to a maximum of 50 entries, from an initial list of more than 200 Aragonesisms. We select those terms that best meet both requirements: a) the terms are in common use at the present in Aragón, b) they are mostly unknown in other regions or not included in the DRAE. With this criteria, a contrast survey is distributed to native speakers from different regions of Spain to know whether if they are used in their respective regions at the present.
Analysis of Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Game Industry
Authors: Yakan Sayid Adli
Published: July 2022

A game, sometimes known as a video game, is a form of modern technology-based game. Gaming is currently one of the major industries on the planet. Because gaming aficionados from all over the world number in the hundreds of millions, if not billions, this sector is very substantial. The game may be played on a PC, an Android device, or a game machine both offline and online. Artificial intelligence is also used in video games. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is artificial intelligence implemented on a computer system that allows players to compete against the computer in a game similar to that of other players. Artificial intelligence, often known as machine intelligence, is a mimic of human intellect that has been trained to think like humans. Artificial intelligence is a technology that uses data as knowledge in order for the intelligence created to improve and learn from prior failures. When employed by humans, artificial intelligence can be activated by human orders or by itself based on AI experience. The goal of this research was to figure out how artificial intelligence was progressing in the gaming business.
Query Optimization In MySQL Database Using Index
Authors: Maesaroh Siti , Gunawan Heru , Lestari Agung , Tsaurie Muhammad Sufyan  Ats , Fauji Mohamad
Published: July 2022

The quality of a database design has a significant impact on the quality of an information system. Even if a system has been running for a long time, a programmer may forget to optimize a query in MySQL, even though optimization is critical as the amount of data is enormous. MySQL has an index function for tables that helps to speed up database searches. In essence, the index will be beneficial if utilized by the user's interests and wants; otherwise, the index, constructed randomly and in large quantities, would slow down database access. As a result, before constructing a database index, it is necessary to reconsider the rules and conduct a thorough examination.
Peranan Kepala Sekolah dalam Upaya Peningkatan Mutu Kualitas Pendidikan dan Peserta Didik
Authors: Muhammad Mahzum  , Angraini Yuli Angraini , Medina Pinta
Published: July 2022

Organisasi pemimpin mampu berperan penting dalam tercapainya sebuah keberhasilan. Bentuk organisiasi pemimpin dapat dilihat dari seorang kepala sekolah yang memiliki peranan sangat strategis dan penting dalam upaya mencapai tujuan pendidikan dan pembelajaran. Kepala sekolah yang profesional adalah kepala sekolah yang mengaktualisasikan fungsi-fungsi manajemen kedalam organisasi sekolahnya berupa proses perencanaan, pengoranisasian, penggerakkan dan pengawasan. Meningkatkannya mutu dan kwalitas sekolah adalah suatu hal yang hendak dicapai dan keberhasilan pencapai tersebut sejauh mana kepala sekolah mampu membina dan mengarahkan para guru untuk bekerja maksimal, profesional guna meningkatkan kualitas peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya, usaha dan strategi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kualitas peserta didik di Raudhatul Athfal Darul Ilmi Kecamatan Lubuk Kilangan Kota Padang. Adapun pendekatan penelitian yang  digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif, berupa teknik pengumpulan data wawancara langsung dengan narasumber yang terkait yaitu kepala sekolah Raudhatul Athfal Darul Ilmi Kecamatan Lubuk Kilangan Kota Padang. Dari hasil penelitian dapat memberi petunjuk bahwa kepala sekolah memiliki peran yang sangat besar sebagai motivator, inovator, dan sebagai manajer dengan melakukan beberapa terobosan dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas peserta didik. Hal ini sejalan dengan visi dan misi sekolah mewujudkan pembelajaran yang aktif, efektif dan efisien, membangkitkan motivasi dan minat belajar siswa serta berusaha semaksimal mungkin mewujudkan siswa yang berkarakter serta memiliki akhlak dan budipekerti mulia
Management and academic anxiety in Ibero-American higher institutions students during COVID-19
Authors: Said-Hung Elias , Rodríguez-Peral Eva Matarín , Mejía Corredor Carolina
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused uncertainty and instability in the population regarding the capacity of institutions to manage and mitigate its impact. In such an emergency, it is possible to ask how higher education institutions have dealt with this situation and what elements of institutional management have had the most significant influence in controlling stress and academic anxiety. The study aims to measure the level of academic anxiety among university students in Ibero-America since March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It also seeks to identify the associated variables; some linked to the digital sphere, which affect the perception of the evaluation made by these students of the institutional management carried out by higher education institutions in Ibero-America. This article provides the quantitative research results that collected data using an anonymous online survey conducted from April 6 to April 24, 2020, in some higher education universities in Ibero-America, including 523 students surveyed. The data analysis is based only on the survey respondents' answers registered in institutions in six Ibero-American countries. The results identify psycho-social variables associated with the level of academic anxiety students perceive. They also point to the need for higher education institutions in Ibero-America to review their management models to guarantee their educational communities (e.g., students). This support consists of reinforcing soft skills that increase the capacity to transform the educational model.
Evaluation of Spatial Pressure in High Density Residential Areas
Authors: Liu Guohua , Ji Ang
Published: July 2022

It is important to understand how landscape elements affect the spatial oppression of people as high-density areas are increasing due to the limited space availability in cities. Therefore, we carried out a statistical analysis of the questionnaire survey result which was obtained from residents of the high-density areas in Xuzhou, China. From the literature review, we defined 9 landscape elements including the density of buildings in residential areas, duration of sunshine acceptable to residents, the skyline of sight opening, the proportion of the sky in the picture, a sense of closeness between buildings, the sense of distance between buildings, open area, area proportion of green vegetation, and types of green vegetation analysis. We analyzed the correlation and linear relationship of the elements with the spatial oppression of the respondents. The results show that there is no significant positive correlation between the proportion of the sky in the picture and space oppression, but the other 8 elements are significantly correlated with spatial oppression. Especially, the density of buildings in the residential area, the time that residents can accept sunshine, the openness of the skyline of sight, the sense of closure between buildings, the sense of distance between buildings, the open area, the area ratio of green vegetation, the types of green vegetation and spatial oppression are more significant factors to affect spatial oppression.
Comprehensive Development Potential Evaluation and Spatial Pattern Optimization of Rural Residential Areas
Authors: Wang Heng , Xu Lei , Lu Changliang
Published: July 2022

To optimize the layout of rural settlements in hilly areas, 10 indicators were selected from three aspects of nature, location, and infrastructure based on the research on the rural settlements in Miaoqian Town, Dangyang City where the development potential was evaluated and graded. The result shows that the areas of rural residential areas in the first-, second-, third- and fourth-level development potential areas were 342.23, 337.84, 172.66, and 155.91 hm², respectively, accounting for 33.93, 33.49, 17.12, and 15.46%. According to the level of the potential of comprehensive development, the residential areas were divided into four categories: scale agglomeration, renovation and improvement, control and expansion, and consolidation and relocation. Corresponding optimization measures were proposed in this study for each category. The study result provides a reference for the optimization of the spatial pattern of residential areas in Miaoqian Town and also a research idea for the optimization of the same type of residential areas.
Analisis Rating dan Harga Kamar Hotel Bintang Lima di Indonesia
Authors:   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Fachrudin Khaira Amalia , Tarigan Dina Liviana ,   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Iman Muhammad Faidhil ,   Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Purpose: This study aims to determine and analyze the correlation between hotel ratings and room rates, as well as the differences in hotel ratings room rates among five-star hotels in cities that are popular and visited by many tourists, namely the city of Ubud, Mataram, Surabaya, Medan, Batu and Bantul. Research Methodology: This study uses descriptive research methods with correlational techniques. The test tools used are correlation test and One Way ANOVA test using SPSS software. The sample is 24 hotels. The data used is secondary data obtained directly from the Traveloka application. Results: The results showed that there was a positive and insignificant correlation between ratings and room rates; there is a significant difference among ratings in the cities of Ubud, Mataram, Surabaya, Medan, Batu, and Bantul ; and there is no significant difference among room Rates in Ubud, Mataram, Surabaya, Medan, Batu, and Bantul. Limitation: This study does not use the room rates of all room types, only uses the rates of Deluxe rooms because these types of rooms are owned by all hotels in the population. Contribution: Hotel managers need to improve comfort and service for hotel guests, hotel cleanliness, and food taste because these are factors that determine hotel ratings, and although not significant, these ratings are positively correlated with room rates that customers are willing to pay. Hotel managers with low ratings need to learn from hotels with higher ratings. In Addition, managers need to take advantage of Electronic Word of Mouth (EWOM) such as reviews and ratings to achieve the success of an effective marketing strategy. Keywords: 1. City 2. Rating 3. Room Rates 4. City, Rating, Room Rates, Online Travel Agent
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Mahasiswa untuk Mengikuti Ujian Chartered Accountant dengan Pendekatan TPB
Authors:   IAIN Metro, Metro, Utama Fikri Rizki , Ardana Yudhistira ,   IAIN Metro, Metro
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Purpose: This study was to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of subjective norms, control, and outcome expectations on the interest of accounting students to take the Chartered Accountant (CA) exam. Method: The population of this research is the Islamic accounting students of IAIN Metro. The sampling method was purposive sampling with the criteria of 2017 and 2018 accounting students. Data from the questionnaire were processed using the Smart-PLS version 3.3.9 program. Results: This study finds that behavioral control variables and expectations will have a significant effect on students' interest in taking the CA exam. Limitation: This study finds that future research is the need to increase the number of respondents and others such as the attitude of the respondents to the students' interest in taking the CA exam. Contribution: The findings in this study have several contributions, particularly for accounting students who will take the CA exam. In addition, this research will be useful for academics, especially further research and for the advancement of accountants in Indonesia. Keywords: 1. Chartered Accountant 2. Interest of Accounting Students
What does gross national happiness really measure? An immersive observation in Lamshey, Bhutan
Authors: Keiff Sebastien
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the Gross National Happiness indicator and the actual lifestyle of the people of Bhutan. Gross National Happiness is a macroeconomic indicator calculated in Bhutan. It was constructed in contrast to the Gross Domestic Product. Gross National Happiness is designed to guide the country's public policies. Using visual methods in anthropology, this study proposes an immersion in Lamshey, a village in Bhutan. The daily life of the inhabitants is then observed and analyzed with the way gross national happiness is measured. The sociology of quantification provides a framework for analysis that reveals important and new implications. Indeed, to bring together the experience of happiness as it is lived by the Bhutanese, it will be appropriate to distinguish three complementary "Gross National Happiness", according to whether it is measured, lived, or in its ethical dimension.
Особенности созревания теста и формирования качества хлеба с биомассой мицелия Armillaria mellea
Authors: Минаков Денис Викторович , Козубаева Людмила Алексеевна , Кузьмина Светлана Сергеевна , Егорова Елена Юрьевна
Published: July 2022

В последние годы пищевое использование грибов воспринимается в новом контексте: грибы рассматриваются как дополнительный источник минеральных веществ, витаминов, специфичных ферментов и ряда других биологически активных веществ. Некоторые виды грибов могут быть использованы в качестве возобновляемого резерва пищевого белка, в том числе при производстве хлебобулочных изделий. Опенок осенний (Armillaria mellea) отличается от многих других видов грибов более высоким содержанием белкового азота. Повышенное накопление белка характерно не только для клеток плодового тела, но и для клеток мицелия A. mellea, что и определило цель исследования – анализ влияния биомассы мицелия A. mellea на биохимические процессы созревания теста и качество хлеба, для чего авторами применялись стандартные и отраслевые методы контроля сырья и полуфабрикатов хлебопекарного производства, стандартные методы микробиологического анализа. В работе использована агаризованная биомасса мицелия опенка осеннего штамма Armillaria mellea D-13, которую вводили в тесто на стадии замеса после её измельчения до однородного пастообразного состояния. Тесто готовили из муки пшеничной хлебопекарной первого сорта, агаризованную биомассу мицелия вводили в тесто из расчёта 2,5-10,0 % к массе муки. По результатам исследований обоснованы пределы дозировки агаризованной биомассы мицелия – 7,5–10,0 %. Хлеб с такой дозировкой сохраняет стандартное качество и не приобретает характерных привкуса и запаха грибов. При подовом способе выпечки с увеличением дозировки агаризованной биомассы мицелия индекс формоустойчивости изделий снижается с 0,6 до 0,4, при формовом способе выпечки эти нежелательные эффекты не выражены.
Inhomogeneous Wave Equation, Liénard-Wiechert Potentials, and Hertzian Dipole in Weber Electrodynamics
Authors: Kühn Steffen
Published: July 2022

Aiming to bypass the equation of the Lorentz force, this study analyzes Maxwell's equations from the perspective of a receiver at rest. This approach is necessary because experimental results suggest that the general validity of the Lorentz force is questionable in non-stationary cases. Calculations in the receiver's rest frame are complicated, and thus, rarely performed. However, after a Lorentz boost, the resulting force should be identical to the force obtained when the problem is considered in the rest frame of the transmitter with the Lorentz force applied, as is commonly done. Yet, this is not the case. Instead, Maxwell's equations lead to Weber electrodynamics. The present article demonstrates this result by deriving and solving the inhomogeneous wave equation from Maxwell's equations. Subsequently, it is shown that the resulting force is a relativistic generalization of the Weber force. Furthermore, the Hertzian dipole, i.e., a simple antenna, is mathematically investigated and discussed from the viewpoint of Weber electrodynamics for the first time.
The new chromosomal data and karyotypic variations in genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae): dysploidy, polyploidy and symmetrical karyotypes
Authors: Eroğlu Halil Erhan , Martin Esra , Kahraman Ahmet , Gezer Aslan Elif
Published: July 2022

In this study, it was aimed to determine the chromosome number of 21 Salvia L. species, to determine chromosome morphology, to reveal karyotype analysis in detail and to contribute to the cytotaxonomy of Salvia. In this context, the results are as follows: (i) the first report for the number of chromosomes of ten species, namely S. corrugata Vahl. (2n = 16), S. curviflora Benth. (2n = 16), S. darcyi J.Compton, S. greggii A.Gray, S. longifolia Nutt., S. vitifolia Benth. (2n = 22), S. subrotunda A.St.-Hil. ex Benth. (2n = 44), S. oppositiflora Ruiz & Pav. (2n = 56), S. stolonifera Benth. and S. atrocyanea Epling (2n = 60); (ii) the karyotypic variations and new chromosome numbers different from previous reports for three species, namely S. cardiophylla Benth. (2n = 36), S. cuspidata Ruiz & Pav. (2n = 44) and S. microphylla Sessé & Moc. (2n = 46); (iii) the same chromosome numbers from previous reports for eight species, namely S. campanulata Wall. ex Benth. (2n = 16), S. elegans Vahl. (2n = 20), S. involucrata Cav., S. mexicana Sessé & Moc. (2n = 22), S. apiana Jeps., S. leucophylla Greene, S. mellifera Greene (2n = 30), and S. splendens Ker Gawl. (2n = 44); (iv) the detailed chromosome measurements and karyotype analyses for all species studied for the first time; (v) the symmetrical karyotypes for all studied species; (vi) the variations resulting from dysploidy or polyploidy and discussing their reasons.
Organizando o socialismo do século XXI: reflexões sobre a história e o futuro do leninismo
Authors: Le Blanc Paul
Published: July 2022

Este texto foi apresentado por Paul Le Blanc no seminário “Organizando o socialismo do século 21”, ocorrido em Sydney (Austrália) no dia 08 de junho de 2013. O autor defende que vale a pena falar de leninismo não apenas para entender um pouco do que aconteceu na história, mas também para ajudar a mudar o mundo no aqui e agora, neste início do século XXI. Ele explica o que entende pelo termo leninismo, depois toca em várias controvérsias históricas que podem jogar luz sobre como fazer uso dessa tradição no trabalho político atual. E por fim o autor faz algumas reflexões sobre formas de aplicar e contribuir para a tradição leninista no tocante aos esforços práticos para o próximo período histórico.