bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HEALTH STATUS OF STRAY DOGS IN HUMAN SOCIETY, THEIR POTENTIAL TO HARBOR VARIOUS FUNGAL PATHOGENS AND CALL FOR HUMANE METHOD OF MANAGEMENT
Authors: SHARMA POORNIMA
Published: August 2022

Dogs harbor and transmit various zoonotic diseases, fungal dermatitis being most prevalent. Animals, especially dogs, being integral pivot of human society need to be analyzed more closely in terms of their social and biological effects on human life. The purpose of this study was to understand the scenario of fungal agents related to dermal infections in dogs from twenty-one locations of Jabalpur (India). In addition, the dog population characteristics including their health status and interaction with human were also evaluated. In year 2017, 1576 dogs and in year 2018, 1740 dogs were surveyed for this purpose. Majority of ailments observed were dermal diseases. It was found that frequency of dermatitis cases was highest (ca.80% in year 2017-2018) among contagious aliments and directly proportional to the density of dogs. Fungi were isolated from hair and scale samples from lesion periphery. Fungi, causing ailments ranging from mild local allergies to contagious cutaneous diseases, were isolated on Dermatophye Test Medium and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar medium. Non- dermatophytic moulds (44.6%) were isolated more frequently than dermatophytes (33.9%). Yeast forms (21.4%) were at third position in frequency of isolation. Aspergillus species (36%) were most frequent non- dermatophyte. Trichophyton species (68.4%) were the most frequently isolated dermatophyte; whereas, Malassezia species (50%) were prominent yeast forms. 47.5% of all isolates were positive for hair perforation test and 70.5% were positive for urease production test; whereas, 3.3% of isolates showed variable results for urease production test. In present research, position of stray dogs in human society in terms of animal welfare and ethical treatment has also been addressed.
Mahar, Perjanjian Perkawinan dan Walimah dalam Islam
Authors: Ismatul Maula
Published: August 2022

Islam terdapat aturan-aturan tertentu untuk melaksanakan pernikahan salah satunya mengenai mahar yang merupakan harta pemberian yang menjadi hak istri dari suaminya, ada juga perjanjian perkawinan, atau persetujuan yang dibuat oleh kedua calon mempelai pada waktu atau sebelum perkawinan dilangsungkan. Serta Walimah yang berfungsi mengumumkan kepada khalayak ramai tentang pernikahan itu sendiri. Perkembangan zaman menyebabkan aturan pernikahan dalam Islam mulai memudar. Penyusun mencoba membahas mengenai mahar, perjanjian perkawinan dan Walimah yang sesuai dengan syari’at islam. Penyusun menggunakan pendekatan normatif-teologis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Islam sangat memperhatikan dan menghargai kedudukan seorang wanita dengan memberi hak untuk menerima mahar sebagai wujud kasih sayang, kejujuran cinta, ketulusan, dan kesungguhan tanggung jawab calon suami pada istrinya. Perjanjian perkawinan yang dibuat oleh calon mempelai sebelum perkawinan dilangsungkan, harus tidak bertentangan dengan hukum islam. Perjanjian pernikahan ini memiliki tujuan untuk kepentingan bersama. Tujuan walimah dalam Islam adalah rangka mengumunkan pada khalayak ramai bahwa akad nikah telah terjadi sehingga semua pihak mengetahuinya dan tidak ada tuduhan dikemudian hari.
IMPLEMENTASI APPRECIATIVE INQUIRY DALAM MANAJEMEN LEMBAGA AMIL ZAKAT
Authors: Rambo Saputra
Published: August 2022

Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan observasi dalam melakukan strategi pengelolaan lembaga, Yakesma melakukan strategi dengan berangkat dari kejadian saat ini dimana masalah ditemukan dan diselesaikan saat itu. Penerapan manajemen strategi dilakukan dengan cara mengungkapkan kelebihan (strength) lalu para stakeholder mengungkapkan peluang (opportunity) yang dapat dimanfaatkan sesuai dengan keadaan yang ada, lalu aspirasi (aspiration) yang diinginkan sesuai dengan kekuatan lembaga dan peluang dengan catatan tetap terukur kemudian yang terakhir hasil (result) diungkapkan untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan perencanaan baru.
Initial training of students - teachers in the field of inclusive education in the pandemic period
Authors: Ovcerenco Nadejda
Published: August 2022

Inclusive education in the Republic of Moldova is undergoing a qualitative transformation. Universities have the opportunity to direct their efforts to the competent construction of the educational process in this area. The process of formation of specialists in the field of inclusive education has ceased to be strictly academic in nature, the independent work of students has taken a clear shape, and the work of the tutor has intensified. The ongoing changes in the educational process in the context of inclusive education cannot but affect the effectiveness of the university learning process itself, as well as the development of the personality of each student and teacher. The psychological and pedagogical aspects of training specialists in the field of inclusive education, which require serious research, have been identified.
Art therapeutic practices for coping with stress in the conditions of COVID 19
Authors: Kazashka Vesela
Published: August 2022

The connection between people and art for centuries has provided an opportunity to stabilize the psychological state, their personal development and well-being. Today, in the conditions of "new normal" art therapy is desirable and offers us opportunities to deal with the crisis, reveals internal horizons for self-development. Positive thoughts and feelings fill a person when is engaged in creative activity. The present study marks the beginning of a study related to the impact of art therapy practices on a people emotional state in conditions of social isolation.
Die Online-Gründung von Aktiengesellschaften
Authors: Sonntag Jan
Published: August 2022

The author examines the online foundation law of a joint stock company by discussing problems and solutions of cash and non-cash assets. In doing so, the foundation law of a joint stock company is examined step by step for its compatibility with the requirements of an online foundation. Among other things, the application of blockchain technology for online foundations with the participation of substitutes is discussed, but also whether it makes sense to establish sample statutes in the AktG. In the foundation law by depute non-cash-assets, the transfer of GmbH shares and real estate presents the legislator with solvable hurdles. Throughout the work, the author also offers legislative proposals de lege ferenda.
Association of biomarkers and severity of COVID-19: A crosssectional study
Authors: Ramos Rojas Mady Canelú , Cuaresma Cuadros Edwin Antonio , Cayo Castillo Jose Johao , Monasterio Benique Diego Alexander
Published: August 2022

Introduction COVID- 19 is a disease that has claimed the lives of many people. However, alterations in labo-ratory profiles in the city of Tacna have not been accurately established in association with its severity to support diagnosis and treatment. Objective To determine biomarkers related to the severity of COVID- 19 in patients treated at the social security hospital in Tacna during 2020. Methods We performed an observational, cross- sectional, and analytical study that included 308 patients with COVID- 19 from the social security hospital in Tacna, Peru, during the "first wave" of the pandemic (from July to August 2020). Immunological, hematological, arterial gas, hemostasis, and biochemical markers were collected. Patients were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe based on the clinical criteria found on clinical records. Correlation strength was per-formed according to Spearman’s Rho coefficient. The performance of the biomarkers associat-ed with severity was analyzed with the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. Results Regarding hematological markers there was a positive correlation with monocyte count (correla-tion coefficient: 0.841; area under the curve 97.0%; p < 0.05) and a negative correlation with lymphocyte count (correlation coefficient: -0.622; area under the curve 82.7%; p < 0.05). Regarding biochemical markers, arterial gases and hemostasis, no significant correlations were found. In immunological markers, we found positive correlation with ferritin (correlation coef-ficient: 0.805; area under the curve 94.0%; p < 0.05), and C- reactive protein (correlation coeffi-cient: 0.587; area under the curve 87.4%; p < 0.05). Conclusions The biomarkers that can be considered as parameters associated with the severity of COVID- 19 are the absolute blood count of monocytes and serum ferritin concentration.
Secular state and religious neutrality
Authors: Mitrović Petar
Published: August 2022

In the present paper, the autor provides a critical appraisal of Marko Božić's understanding of the principle of state secularity, defended in the previous issues of this journal. Firstly, the author critically examines the non-contestability thesis that is arguably held by Božić and argues that it raises the objection of conceptual imperialism. In the following sections, the author turns to Božić's extralegal theory (and concept) of secularity based upon the notion of "equality in freedoms". In particular, the author argues: (a) that the concept of secularity that Božić develops is inherently flawed in several important ways; (b) that an extralegal theory of secularity - that of Božić or anyone else - should not be considered a starting point when interpreting a constitutional principle of secularity; (c) that the concept of secularity that Božić develops is by no means a useful interpretative tool in virtue of the fact that it significantly departs from positive law.
Supportive care needs of patients after breast cancer surgery
Authors: Tomić Slobodan , Tomić Sanja , Mikić Milena , Malenković Goran
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Supporative care includes detection and providing necessary interventions to prevent, control or alleviate complications and side effects in order to improve the comfort and quality of life of cancer patients to meet their needs. The aim of this research was to determine the level of unsatisfied needs of patients after breast cancer surgery and also to determine connection with social demographic characteristics and risk factors. Material and methods: This study was conducted as a cros-ssectional study, on a sample of 40 patients that have undergone surgical breast cancer treatment at the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica during 2019. The instrument used in this research was Short form of the Supportive Care Needs Survey questionnaire (SCNS-SF34). It was used to determine the level and type of healthcare assistance needed by the patients. The questionnaire consisted of 34 questions that are divided through five domains. The higher score (min=1, max=5) indicates a higher need for support. Results: The average age of the patients was 61.5±12.8 years. The highest level of required healthcare support was determined in the domain of the Healthcare system and information, while the domain with lowest value was Sexuality. Statistically significant difference was discovered between the values of the Healthcare system and information and the educational level (p=0.03), which indicates that patients with a higher level of education have a bigger level of needs from this domain. Conclusion: This study provides information about patient needs for supportive care in daily life activities, after breast cancer surgery. The results of the research clearly indicate that patients after breast cancer surgery face unmet needs in all domains except sexuality.
Forensic analysis applications in textile and chemistry
Authors: Yildirim Muhammed , Uzun Muhammet
Published: August 2022

Evidence must be presented neatly and with care to solve forensic cases because the ability to resolve legal cases depends only on the availability of appropriate evidence. Evidence is used to uncover connections between the victim, the place and time of the incident, and the perpetrator in order to resolve the incident. One of the most important types of evidence examined in forensic investigations is textile materials. Because everyone who commits a crime or is a victim of crime is in contact with textile surfaces. Textile products such as clothing, furniture, knife marks on fabric, blood on car upholstery, vehicle upholstery found at the crime scene can be used as evidence to help solve the crime. During forensic examination, fibers can be classified according to certain criteria such as colour, shape, surface texture, thickness, fluorescent properties, and chemical composition. As a result of examining these classifications, the case can be clarified as quickly as possible. Otherwise, finding the perpetrator may become more difficult as time goes on.
Complexities of Care and the Interdisciplinary Team
Authors: Faiman, PhD, MSN, APRN-BC, AOCN®, BMTCN, FAAN Beth
Published: August 2022

Many of you who are reading this article are advanced practitioners (APs) and experts in the management of complex patient symptoms. Despite managing “side effects” of treatment for years as a nurse, then an advanced practitioner, I did not fully comprehend the concepts of symptom management, symptom clusters, and complexity science until I took a course with a symptom management focus during my doctorate studies (Lee et al., 2016; Brant et al., 2009; Heylighen et al., 2006). In the course, we studied theoretical models hypothesizing that symptoms do not occur in isolation; rather, they occur in clusters that can interact with one another.
Richter Transformation: Clinical Manifestations, Evaluation, and Management
Authors: Douglas, MS, PA-C Melanie
Published: August 2022

Richter transformation is a devastating and rare but not uncommon development of an aggressive B-cell lymphoma in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma. Prognosis is dismal, with survival generally in the realm of months to a couple of years. Many patients progress quickly after traditional first-line immunochemotherapy. Nonetheless, novel therapies are on the horizon. It is important that the advanced practitioner have awareness and knowledge of this condition in order to furnish a crucial timely diagnosis and to provide appropriate treatment.
Introduction
Authors: Faiman, PhD, MSN, APRN-BC, AOCN®, BMTCN, FAAN Beth , Richards, PhD, ANP-BC, AOCNP Tiffany
Published: August 2022

Advances in the diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma (MM) and other plasma cell disorders such as AL amyloidosis and Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) continue to evolve rapidly. Over the past several years, there have been significant gains in understanding disease biology, leading to improvements in diagnostic techniques, a shift towards targeted therapies, and a potential transition away from traditional chemotherapeutic agents as the standard of care.
Análisis comparativo de la simbología del color morado en la fraseología en español y en chino
Authors: Nie Lingzhi
Published: August 2022

Los colores transmiten a menudo una carga simbólica al mismo tiempo que reflejan la filosofía y la cultura de una comunidad lingüística. Su uso en unidades fraseológicas también genera nuevos valores connotados a medida que la lengua evoluciona. Si bien existen varios estudios sobre las connotaciones de los colores, estos se centran normalmente en los siguientes seis colores básicos: blanco, negro, rojo, amarillo, azul y verde. Los estudios comparativos sobre el simbolismo del color morado en español y en chino son escasos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo llevar a cabo un análisis comparativo desde un punto de vista cognitivo sobre el simbolismo transmitido en los términos empleados para el color morado y las huellas de estos términos en las unidades fraseológicas en español y en chino. Mediante un análisis en profundidad, se mostrará que hay más diferencias que similitudes tanto en la comprensión de los términos para el color morado como en la cantidad de las unidades fraseológicas generadas.
Multifocal Osteonecrosis in the Foot and Ankle After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case Report
Authors: Tran Nhat Tien , Lee Kwang-Bok
Published: August 2022

Osteonecrosis is acknowledged as a relatively uncommon disorder caused by various factors, including autoimmune diseases, drug-induced diseases, inherited metabolic disorders, coagulation disorders, and underlying malignancies. To our knowledge, no previous research has investigated osteonecrosis stemming from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Herein, we report a rare case of postperipheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation–induced multifocal osteonecrosis in the foot and ankle that demonstrated a low serpiginous peripheral signal on T1-weighted images and a double-line sign on fat-suppressed or T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. Conservative treatment was applied, and the patient was mostly recuperated after 6 months.
Epigenetic modification mechanism of histone demethylase KDM1A in regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: He Lin , Wang Yanbo , Luo Jin
Published: August 2022

Hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) play a prevalent role in heart-related diseases. Histone demethylases are involved in myocardial injury. In this study, the mechanism of the lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (KDM1A/LSD1) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) was investigated. Firstly, HL-1 cells were treated with H/R to establish the MIRI models. The expressions of KDM1A and Sex Determining Region Y-Box Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9) in H/R-treated HL-1 cells were examined. The cell viability, markers of myocardial injury (LDH, AST, and CK-MB) and apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2), and Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 protein activities were detected, respectively. We found that H/R treatment promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis and downregulated KDM1A, and overexpressing KDM1A reduced apoptosis in H/R-treated cardiomyocytes. Subsequently, tri-methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3) level on the SOX9 promoter region was detected. We found that KDM1A repressed SOX9 transcription by reducing H3K4me3. Then, HL-1 cells were treated with CPI-455 and plasmid pcDNA3.1-SOX9 and had joint experiments with pcDNA3.1-KDM1A. We disclosed that upregulating H3K4me3 or overexpressing SOX9 reversed the inhibitory effect of overexpressing KDM1A on apoptosis of H/R-treated cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, KDM1A inhibited SOX9 transcription by reducing the H3K4me3 on the SOX9 promoter region and thus inhibited H/R-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.
Evaluation of Plasma Glucose Estimations as Reliable Economical Surrogate for HbA1c in Monitoring Glycaemic Status of T2DM Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mathi K Mathu , Chowdary MVP
Published: August 2022

Introduction: In Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) like India, either Fasting Plasma Glucose or Postprandial Plasma Glucose (FPG/PPG) estimations were adopted as surrogate alternative to Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, the reliability of this correlation remains ambiguous due to lack of consensus among the previous studies. Aim: To determine the correlation of FPG and PPG as well as their calculated mean with HbA1c in T2DM subjects for monitoring glycaemic status. Materials and Methods: A single centre, retrospective, cross- sectional data survey was carried out for a sampling frame of 13 months (August 2017 to August 2018) encompassing 1268 T2DM subjects. The data was collected during September 2018 to March 2019 and subsequently analysed during April 2019 to August 2019. The analysis was carried out in two approaches. In the first approach: the data was segregated into two major groups and six subgroups to understand relative concordance and discordance percentage; sensitivity, specificity and accuracy; and absolute and percentage difference recruiting relevant statistical tools. In the second approach, Area Under Curve (AUC) of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to understand changes in FPG/PPG/calculated mean with increasing severity of T2DM. Results: With increasing severity of T2DM (HbA1c), not only gradual exacerbation of underestimation in FPG and overestimation in PPG but also declination of sensitivity in either of them was apparent. Though calculated mean of FPG and PPG measurements appended with intermittent features yet mimics PPG. AUC of ROC analysis revealed relatively high PPG levels at lower HbA1c levels and its replacement with FPG with increasing HbA1c levels. Conclusion: An integrated utility of both FPG and PPG as tuning tools of treatment modalities to achieve desired HbA1c levels in T2DM could be a promising approach.
Comparison of Sodium and Potassium by Point-of-Care Arterial Blood Gas Analyzer and Venous Serum by Central Laboratory Analyser in Emergency Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Anjana Valiyaveetil , Madavan Kakkoprath Thekkeveetil
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The Emergency Departments (ED) are equipped with Point-of-Care (POC) blood gas analysers (BGA) which deliver fast results on multiple parameters of arterial/venous blood. There is no consensus among ED physicians on the reliability of electrolyte results by POC Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis compared to venous serum electrolyte from Central Laboratory Analyser/Auto-Analyser (CLA/AA). Aim: To compare the electrolyte(sodium and potassium) by POC arterial BGA (ABL800 Flex Radiometer) with venous electrolyte by CLA (Beckman Coulter AU 5800). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the ED and Central Laboratory of the tertiary hospital from 1st July 2018 to 31st July 2019. A total of 254 critically ill adult patients with various etiologies, were enrolled in the study. The arterial and venous blood samples were collected for electrolyte measurement within a span of 15 minutes. The ABG samples, anticoagulated with liquid heparin, were processed in POC BGA. The venous samples collected in plain tubes were analysed in CLA. The results of sodium and potassium were compared by the mean, correlation coefficient, p-value, and Bland Altman Plots {95% Limit of agreement (LOA)}. Results: Out of 254 paired samples (mean age: 63±15 years), 157 (61.8%) were males and 97 (38.2%) females. The mean sodium values were 131.9±7.7 mmol/L in ABG and 132.3±7.1 mmol/L in CLA (p-value <0.0001). The mean difference was 0.4 mmol/L. The mean potassium values were 3.9±1.0 mmol/L (ABG) and 4.2±0.9 mmol/L (CLA), {p-value<0.0001}. The mean difference was 0.3 mmol/L. These differences were within the accepted range specified by the United States Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments. There were statistically significant strong positive correlations between the measurements of the two instruments r=0.78 for sodium and r=0.76 for potassium. The 95% LOA for sodium and potassium on both the instruments were -10.03 to 9.09 mmol/L and -1.49 to 0.97 mmol/L respectively, both wide and unacceptable. Conclusion: The arterial sodium and potassium measurements by BGA were not reliable in decision making in ED when compared to the venous serum by CLA as the 95% LOA was wide and unacceptable. Hence, sodium and potassium values by BGA alone might not be used as criteria for management without confirmation from venous serum values by CLA.
Determination of Maturity Indices for Harvesting of ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)
Authors: Singh Vartika , Deen Bhagwan
Published: August 2022

Indian jujube or ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) is an important hardy underutilised fruit crop of arid and semi-arid regions of India, symbolizing the production at a minimal cost. Ber fruits are potent source of nutritional as well as medicinal values and are generally consumed fresh. Ber fruits follow non-climacteric respiratory pattern. Fruits that are allowed to ripen on the tree typically have a limited shelf life and the ideal results are obtained if they are picked before the onset of ripening. Fruit harvesting at the appropriate stage of maturity is critical for both quality control and marketing. The time taken by ber fruit to mature from fruit set to maturity depends upon cultivar as well as location. Immature fruits lack desirable sweetness and flavour while over ripe fruits quickly lose their attractiveness and crispiness with slimy texture. Hence, an experiment was conducted to determine the optimum maturity indices for harvesting Indian jujube during 2019-20. Cultivar selected for this experiment was Narendra Ber Selection-2. The fruits on tagged current season shoots were harvested 21, 36, 51, 66, 81, 96, 111, 126, 141, 156, 171 and186 days after fruit setting.  Fruit colour, shape, specific gravity, total soluble solids (%), T.S.S.: Acid ratio and organoleptic score of fruits were recorded at 15 days interval after fruit set. The results revealed that ber fruit of cultivar NBS-2 matures for harvesting between 171 to186 days after fruit setting i.e., between 29th February to 15th March when fruits attain yellowish to green colour, 0.95-0.92 specific gravity, ovate shape,17.29-17.94 T.S.S. and 123.72-128.37 T.S.S.: Acid ratio with organoleptic score of 7.5 to 8.0 range.
Detection of Androgen Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Sudanese Patients of Prostate Cancer in Khartoum State
Authors: Salama Jumaa Abuajila Salem , Yahia Dawelbiet Abdelaal , Ali Mohamed Maysara , Elsadig Ahmed Elhadi , M. Hamid Tarig A.
Published: August 2022

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed solid tumor among men. Genetic susceptibility had been proposed among the risk factors for the development of this cancer.

Aim: To investigate the effect of androgen receptor gene polymorphism in the susceptibility of prostate cancer among Sudanese patients.

Methods: This study was conducted in Khartoum State during the period from December 2021 to May 2022. The study population that was selected consisted of one hundred patients, who had prostate cancer, who attended for routine follow-up assessment following their chemotherapy treatment. A total of 5 ml EDTA anti-coagulated venous blood samples were obtained from all participants. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was measured by competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. DNA extraction was performed for all samples by chemical method and genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP method using Eco147I enzyme.

Results: The Androgen receptor genotype showed that wild (G/G) type was more frequent (89%) than heterozygous (G/A) type (11%), and allele G was more frequent (94.5%)  than allele A (5.5%). The mean serum PSA level among prostate cancer patients was 18.71+31.68 ng/ml. Comparison of the mean serum PSA levels between different AR genotypes revealed no significant association between the genotype and the hormonal level (p. values > 0.05).

Conclusion: Androgen receptor gene polymorphism was detected in this study population as heterozygous type. Moreover; there was no significant association between AR genotype and serum PSA level.
Totally Laparoscopic Left Colectomy With Preoperative Simulation Using 3D CT Angiography and Intraoperative Navigation Using the Indocyanine Green (ICG) Fluorescence Method
Authors: Matsubara Takeshi , Hirahara Noriyuki , Nakayama Yoko , Zotani Hitomi , Tabara Hideki
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Laparoscopic reconstruction after left colectomy is mostly performed with functional end-to-end anastomosis through about 5–7 cm sized incision. However, this procedure poses some problems, including increased intestinal mobilization range and parietal destruction, insufficient blood flow to the intestinal tract due to arterial arch malformation, and dominant artery dissection. In this paper, we present a case of descending colon cancer for which totally laparoscopic surgery and intracorporeal anastomosis could be performed safely with preoperative simulation and intraoperative navigation.

Case presentation

A 34-year-old male was complaint fecal occult blood positive and a colonoscopy was performed. The patient was diagnosed with descending colon cancer cT2N0N0 Stage I. Preoperative CT angiography findings showed that the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) branched into the left colic artery (LCA) and the sigmoid arteries (S1, S2) in order and showed LCA and S1 as the dominant arteries, and a totally laparoscopic descending colectomy (D2 dissection and S2 artery preserving) was scheduled. At his operation, for investigate blood flow of anastomotic region, ICG was used. After an intravenous injection of ICG, blood flow was evaluated and intestinal dissection was performed at the scheduled dissection line. Intracorporeal anastomosis was then performed using the overlap method and a linear stapler.

Conclusion

Although the intracorporeal anastomosis procedure has a high degree of difficulty, the use of preoperative simulation and intraoperative navigation may reduce the surgeon's intraoperative stress and enable safe and accurate intestinal dissection and anastomosis in the totally laparoscopic surgery.
Flax-growing in Orkney from the Norse period to the 18th century
Authors: Bond Julie M , Hunter John R
Published: August 2022

New material from excavations at Pool, Sanday, stimulates an examination of the botany, cultivation, and processing of flax, together with its value in early subsistence economies. Rather than having been introduced in the 18th century, flax cultivation may have taken place from the Norse period to modern times. Au (adp A R)
Society in Scotland from 700 BC to AD 200
Authors: Hingley Richard
Published: August 2022

This paper considers the evidence for Iron Age society in Scotland. Limitations of past research are considered and it is argued that new perspectives currently developing are vital to attainment of a comprehensive understanding of past society. A thematic approach is used to review some useful recent work. This approach considers the evidence from Scotland for the organisation of the household, of the community, and for the nature of production, exchange and deposition. The information reviewed suggests that some understanding of Iron Age society in Scotland exists and that the high quality of recent work and the excellent preservation of the evidence promises a very healthy future for the subject. 101 Iron Age sites and findspots are listed in an Appendix.
A possible Neolithic settlement at Milton of Leys, Inverness
Authors: Conolly Richard , MacSween Ann , Hastie M , Wickham-Jones C R
Published: August 2022

Excavations by Headland Archaeology identified a cluster of small pits and post-holes at Milton of Leys, Inverness, Highland Council. Neolithic Grooved Ware, including one vessel in the Durrington Walls sub-style,  was recovered from several of the features, which appear to be domestic in function. At present, this is the most northerly example of pottery in the Durrington Walls sub-style. Furthermore, radiocarbon dating has determined that this vessel dates to the second half of the fourth millennium BC, which is one of the earliest dates anywhere in Britain for this style. Milton of Leys is the latest of a number of small Neolithic settlement sites to have been discovered in the Inverness area, where none was previously known. These findings highlight the fact that our picture of the distribution and dating of such pottery and sites reflects accidental discovery during archaeological work and that these sites are very difficult to detect. The project was funded by Tulloch Homes Ltd.
PROCESSOS CONVENCIONAIS E PROMISSORES DE INATIVAÇÃO OU REMOÇÃO DO SARS-COV-2 DE ESGOTOS: REVISÃO DE PRINCÍPIOS E MECANISMOS DE AÇÃO
Authors: Mainardi Pedro Henrique , Bidoia Ederio Dino
Published: August 2022

O SARS-CoV-2 é um novo tipo de coronavírus capaz de infectar humanos e causar a síndrome respiratória aguda grave COVID-19, uma doença que, devido ao seu alto índice de disseminação e fatalidade, tem causado enormes impactos no Brasil e no mundo. Estudos publicados por diversos pesquisadores indicaram a frequente detecção de fragmentos do SARS-CoV-2 em amostras obtidas de redes de esgoto ou de estações de tratamento dos mesmos. A presença do novo coronavírus nesses ambientes tem levantado a possiblidade da transmissão indireta da COVID-19 via rota fecal-oral, ou seja, por meio do contato com águas residuais contaminadas. Além disso, a presença do novo coronavírus nesses ambientes também tem levantado a possibilidade da disseminação do SARS-CoV-2 em animais domesticados e selvagens, assim, propiciar a propagação do patógeno em surtos futuros por meio de infecções cruzadas. Sabendo que inibir a propagação do SARS-CoV-2 através de matrizes aquáticas tem se demonstrado de grandíssima importância como controle da COVID-19, e que o descarte ou reutilização das águas residuais de forma segura tem dependido diretamente da eficácia dos processos de tratamento das mesmas, o objetivo desta revisão foi de descrever os métodos convencionais de inativação ou remoção do SARS-CoV-2 de esgotos, e tecnologias promissoras que poderiam ser utilizadas com estas finalidades. No artigo, foram destacados os mecanismos de ação das técnicas e também breves recomendações que visavam fomentar práticas eficientes e seguras caso implementadas.
Association Between Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening and Prostate Cancer Mortality Among Non-Hispanic Black and Non-Hispanic White US Veterans
Authors: Sherer Michael V. , Qiao Edmund M. , Kotha Nikhil V. , Qian Alexander S. , Rose Brent S.
Published: August 2022

Importance

Black men have higher prostate cancer incidence and mortality than non-Hispanic White men. However, Black men have been underrepresented in clinical trials of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening; thus, there is a lack of data to guide screening recommendations for this population.

Objective

To assess whether PSA screening is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM) among non-Hispanic Black men.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used data from the US Veterans Health Administration Informatics and Computing Infrastructure for men aged 55 to 69 years who self-identified as non-Hispanic Black or non-Hispanic White and were diagnosed with intermediate-, high-, or very high–risk prostate cancer from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from August 2021 to March 2022.

Exposures

Prostate-specific antigen screening rate, defined as the percentage of years in which PSA screening was conducted during the 5 years before diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was risk of PCSM among Black men and White men. The association between PSA screening and risk of PCSM was assessed using Fine-Gray regression analysis. Risk of PCSM was also assessed categorically among patients classified as having no prior PSA screening, some screening (less than annual), or annual screening in the 5 years before diagnosis.

Results

The study included 45 834 veterans (mean [SD] age, 62.7 [3.8] years), of whom 14 310 (31%) were non-Hispanic Black men and 31 524 (69%) were non-Hispanic White men. The PSA screening rate was associated with a lower risk of PCSM among Black men (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.41-0.76; P = .001) and White men (sHR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.46-0.75; P = .001). On subset analysis, annual screening (vs some screening) was associated with a significant reduction in risk of PCSM among Black men (sHR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46-0.92; P = .02) but not among White men (sHR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.74-1.11; P = .35).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, PSA screening was associated with reduced risk of PCSM among non-Hispanic Black men and non-Hispanic White men. Annual screening was associated with reduced risk of PCSM among Black men but not among White men, suggesting that annual screening may be particularly important for Black men. Further research is needed to identify appropriate populations and protocols to maximize the benefits of PSA screening.
A Microfluidic Model of AQP4 Polarization Dynamics and Fluid Transport in the Healthy and Inflamed Human Brain: The First Step Towards Glymphatics‐on‐a‐Chip
Authors: Soden Paul A. , Henderson Aria R. , Lee Esak
Published: August 2022

Dysfunction of the aquaporin‐4 (AQP4)‐dependent glymphatic waste clearance pathway has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is difficult to unravel the causative relationship between glymphatic dysfunction, AQP4 depolarization, protein aggregation, and inflammation in neurodegeneration using animal models alone. There is currently a clear, unmet need for in vitro models of the brain's waterscape, and the first steps towards a bona fide “glymphatics‐on‐a‐chip” are taken in the present study. It is demonstrated that chronic exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), amyloid‐β(1‐42) oligomers, and an AQP4 inhibitor impairs the drainage of fluid and amyloid‐β(1‐40) tracer in a gliovascular unit (GVU)‐on‐a‐chip model containing human astrocytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells. The LPS‐induced drainage impairment is partially retained following cell lysis, indicating that neuroinflammation induces parallel changes in cell‐dependent and matrisome‐dependent fluid transport pathways in GVU‐on‐a‐chip. Additionally, AQP4 depolarization is observed following LPS treatment, suggesting that LPS‐induced drainage impairments on‐chip may be driven in part by changes in AQP4‐dependent fluid dynamics.
Neurotrophin Pathway Receptors NGFR and TrkA Control Perineural Invasion, Metastasis, and Pain in Oral Cancer
Authors: Doan Coleen , Aouizerat Bradley E. , Ye Yi , Dang Dongmin , Asam Kesava , Bhattacharya Aditi , Howard Timothy , Patel Yogin K. , Viet Dan T. , Figueroa Johnny D. , Zhong Jiang F. , Thomas Carissa M. , Morlandt Anthony B. , Yu Gary , Callahan Nicholas F. , Allen Clint T. , Grandhi Anupama , Herford Alan S. , Walker Paul C. , Nguyen Khanh , Kidd Stephanie C. , Lee Steve C. , Inman Jared C. , Slater Jason M. , Viet Chi T.
Published: August 2022

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients suffer from poor survival due to metastasis or locoregional recurrence, processes that are both facilitated by perineural invasion (PNI). OSCC has higher rates of PNI than other cancer subtypes, with PNI present in 80% of tumors. Despite the impact of PNI on oral cancer prognosis and pain, little is known about the genes that drive PNI, which in turn drive pain, invasion, and metastasis. In this study, clinical data, preclinical, and in vitro models are leveraged to elucidate the role of neurotrophins in OSCC metastasis, PNI, and pain. The expression data in OSCC patients with metastasis, PNI, or pain demonstrate dysregulation of neurotrophin genes. TrkA and nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) are focused, two receptors that are activated by NGF, a neurotrophin expressed at high levels in OSCC. It is demonstrated that targeted knockdown of these two receptors inhibits proliferation and invasion in an in vitro and preclinical model of OSCC, and metastasis, PNI, and pain. It is further determined that TrkA knockdown alone inhibits thermal hyperalgesia, whereas NGFR knockdown alone inhibits mechanical allodynia. Collectively the results highlight the ability of OSCC to co‐opt different components of the neurotrophin pathway in metastasis, PNI, and pain.
A Single‐Step‐Grown Semiconducting vdW Heterostructure of Tungsten Oxide–Sulfide for High‐Performance Photodetection
Authors: Chen Guanyu , Hu Xinyi , Gu Mingwei , Wu Hao , Chen Keyu , Yu Hao , Ren Baiyu , Li Zhong , Luan Yange , Tang Tao , Cheng Yinfen , Huang Haibo , Chen Liguo , Zhang Bao Yue , Ou Jian Zhen
Published: August 2022

Ultrathin semiconducting van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) play a critical role in developing next‐generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. The replacement of one component of the heterostructure by transition metal oxides (TMOs) certainly brings in numerous benefits including long‐term stability and novel functionalities. However, the single‐step chemical‐vapor deposition growth of TMOs/TMDs vdW heterostructures, as a highly desired approach for large‐scale fabrication and practical implementation, is challenging due to contradictory growth atmospheres of TMOs and TMDs. Here, the single‐step growth of an ultrathin WO3–x/WS2 vdW heterostructure based on the quantity‐driven discrepant interaction between S and the precursor, in which S induces sulfidation to produce WS2 in the S‐rich phase and is changed to the reduction role to obtain sub‐stoichiometric WO3–x in the S‐deficient phase is realized. Both WO3–x and WS2 exhibit semiconducting properties with a favorable type‐II band alignment. A wide response across the entire visible spectrum with a large photo‐responsivity of 4375 A W−1, a detectivity of 5.47 × 1011 Jones, and sub‐ms switching kinetics at 405 nm is achieved without gating bias, which is significantly improved over other reported ultrathin vdW heterostructures. This study demonstrates the possibility of single‐step‐growing TMOs/TMDs vdW heterostructures and their strong potential in high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Stabilizing Interfacial Reactions for Stable Cycling of High‐Voltage Sodium Batteries
Authors: Jin Yan , Xu Yaobin , Xiao Biwei , Engelhard Mark H. , Yi Ran , Vo Thanh D. , Matthews Bethany E. , Li Xiaolin , Wang Chongmin , Le Phung M. L. , Zhang Ji‐Guang
Published: August 2022

Developing advanced electrolytes is critical for stabilizing electrode/electrolyte interfacial reactions and thus extending cycling stability of sodium (Na) batteries, especially when a high‐voltage cathode (such as NaNi0.68Mn0.22Co0.10O2 (NaNMC)) is used to achieve high energy density in batteries. Here, an advanced electrolyte based on sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI)–triethyl phosphate, which is highly stable against a high‐voltage cathode, enabling long‐term cycling of sodium batteries, is reported. Na||NaNMC cells with this electrolyte demonstrate 89% capacity retention after 500 cycles with a cutoff voltage of 4.2 V versus Na/Na+. A full cell of hard carbon||NaNMC also exhibits good capacity retention of 83.5% after 200 cycles. Postmortem analyses on the cycled electrodes reveal that stabilization of the high‐voltage cathode can be attributed to the formation of a stable electrode/electrolyte interphase layer. The interphase is generated mainly by salt decomposition, which suppresses transition metal dissolution and surface reconstruction on the cathode. The optimized electrolyte can minimize solid electrolyte interphase dissolution to avoid capacity loss. This study offers a feasible pathway to achieve extended cycling of high‐voltage sodium batteries and guide further improvements in cycling performance of batteries by manipulating the chemistry of the electrolytes and interphase properties.
Stabilization, Characterization, and Electrochemical Applications of High‐Entropy Oxides: Critical Assessment of Crystal Phase–Properties Relationship
Authors: Tomboc Gracita M. , Zhang Xiandi , Choi Songa , Kim Daekyu , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk , Lee Kwangyeol
Published: August 2022

High‐entropy oxides (HEOs), a class of newly emerging energy conversion and storage technology materials, have gained significant interest due to their unique structure, complex stoichiometry, and corresponding synergetic effect. Despite the increasing number of reported studies related to HEOs in recent years, details of their structural properties and electrochemical activities are still lacking. Herein, the exciting developments of HEOs regarding their design, synthesis, characterization, theoretical calculations, and electrochemical performances are outlined. The fundamentals of HEOs, including their strict definition, main features, and four‐core aspect effects are presented. The different synthetic methods of HEOs are categorized to highlight the significance of parameter optimization to ensure the single‐phase stability of HEOs. The advances in characterization techniques on the local lattice and atomic distribution and the basic principles of combinatorial screening methods based on computational techniques are also elaborated. Recent HEO‐based electrode/electrocatalysts toward Li‐ion batteries and oxygen catalysis are reviewed to assess the potential applications of HEOs. This review draws attention to the critical challenges of HEOs that are worth more extensive explorations in the future.
Drum Tower‐Inspired Kirigami Structures for Rapid Fabrication of Multifunctional Shape‐Memory Smart Devices with Complex and Rigid 3D Geometry in a Two‐Stage Photopolymer
Authors: Li Xingjian , Gai Yijie , Sun Maocheng , Li Yinwen , Xu Shoufang
Published: August 2022

Mechanically robust shape‐morphing materials that can transform from miniaturization into complex structures are highly desirable for real‐world device applications. However, fabricating mechanically robust yet geometrically complex 3D shape‐morphing structures with excellent functionality and high load‐bearing capacity remains a challenge. Inspired by drum tower buildings, a simple, rapid, and universal method is presented for fabricating multifunctional shape‐memory smart devices with complex and rigid 3D kirigami geometry in the two‐stage epoxy‐amine‐acrylate photopolymer systems. In the first‐stage reaction, transparent polymer films with a Tg of 29–49 °C are obtained by the epoxy‐amine chemistry. The shape‐memory programming process allows the first‐stage film with a drum tower‐inspired 2D kirigami pattern to be manipulated into an unsupported 3D structure. In the second‐stage reaction, UV‐induced free‐radical polymerization of methacrylate groups in the first‐stage network is employed to rapidly lock the programmed 3D kirigami structure with a Tg of 66–138 °C. The drum tower‐inspired 3D kirigami structure withstands 1000 times its own weight. The shape memory fluorescent 3D device and shape memory electronic 3D device are engineered by combining the two‐stage photopolymer system and a 3D kirigami structure. This work represents a versatile method to create multifunctional shape‐memory devices with rigid 3D geometry for potential applications.
Coding of Non‐Linear White‐Light Luminescence from Gold‐Silicon Structures for Physically Unclonable Security Labels
Authors: Ponkratova Ekaterina , Ageev Eduard , Trifonov Peter , Kustov Pavel , Sandomirskii Martin , Zhukov Mikhail , Larin Artem , Mukhin Ivan , Belmonte Thierry , Nominé Alexandre , Bruyère Stéphanie , Zuev Dmitry
Published: August 2022

Luminescent security labels are effective platforms for protection of consumer goods from counterfeiting. However, the lifetimes of such security approaches are limited due to narrow‐band photoluminescent features of the label elements, which can be used for the protection technology disclosure. In this paper, a novel concept for the application of non‐linear white‐light luminescence from hybrid metal–semiconductor structures fabricated by direct femtosecond laser writing for the creation of physically unclonable security labels is proposed. A close connection is demonstrated between the internal composition of hybrid structures, which is controlled at the fabrication stage, and their non‐linear optical signals. It is shown that the application of decorrelation procedure based on discrete cosine transform and polar codes for label coding can overcome the problem of the white‐light photoluminescent spectra correlation. The proposed fabrication approach and coding strategy allows reaching a high degree of device uniqueness (up to 99%), bit uniformity (close to 0.5), and encoding capacity up to 1.25 × 10437 in a single label element. The results demonstrate that the barriers for the application of white‐light luminescent nano‐objects for the creation of physically unclonable labels are removed.