bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profil Kromatografi Fraksi N-Heksana Daun Belimbing Hutan (Cnetis palala (lour) Merr)
Authors: Wardani Ika , Febrina Lizma , Rusli Rolan
Published: May 2018

Belimbing Hutan (Cnetispalala (lour) Merr) berasal dari kabupaten kutai barat banyak digunakan sebagai pengobatan alternatif oleh masyarakat Kalimantan. Belimbing hutan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui profil kromatografi isolat fraksi n-heksana yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut metanol dan dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana. Fraksi n-heksana kemudian ditentukan profil kromatografinya menggunakan eluen n-heksana : etil asetat dengan perbandingan 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 3:7, dan 2:8. Berdasarkan profil kromatografi diperoleh bahwa eluen terbaik untuk mengisolasi senyawa aktif antioksidan pada fraksi n-heksana daun belimbing hutan adalah n-heksana:etilasetat dengan perbandingan 8:2.
Karakteristik dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Yoghurt Sari Buah Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Terhadap Bakteri Flora Usus
Authors: Ningtyas Jumiati Catur , Ramadhan Adam M. , Rijai Laode
Published: May 2018

Yoghurt adalah produk hasil fermentasi yang mengandung asam laktat, dan bakteriosin yang dapat menekan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen dalam usus. Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) mengandung vitamin C, gula, dan protein yang memberikan energi bagi proses metabolisme bakteri asam laktat dalam yoghurt sehingga meningkatkan jumlah bakteri asam laktat dan menghasilkan lebih banyak senyawa antibakteri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui total BAL, pH, dan aktivitas antibakteri dari yoghurt sari buah sirsak terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysenteriae. Pengujian total BAL dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode hitung cawan (Total Plate Count) dalam medium MRSA (Man Ragosa Shapre Agar). Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dari yoghurt sari buah sirsak dilakukan dengan metode sumuran (well diffusion). Hasil total BAL yoghurt sari buah sirsak pada konsentrasi 0 % (38 x 109), 15 % (10 x 109), 20 % (18 x 109), 25 % (45 x 109), 50 % (22 x 109), , dan 75 % (17 x 109). Nilai pH dari yoghurt sari buah sirsak berkisar antara 4-5. Hasil pengujian antibakteri terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli menunjukkan zona bening 0 % (0 mm),15 % (5,51 mm), 20 % (6,63 mm), 25 % (7,23 mm), 50 % (7,64 mm), dan 75 % (7,16 mm). Hasil pengujian antibakteri terhadap bakteri Shigella dysenteriae menunjukkan zona bening 0 % (0 mm), 15 % (4,05 mm), 20 % (4,56 mm), 25 % (4,74 mm), 50 % (4,91 mm), dan 75 % (5,39 mm). Berdasarkan total BAL, pH dan aktivitas antibakteri, yoghurt dengan penambahan sari buah sirsak yang paling baik adalah pada konsentrasi 25 %.
Analisis Kepuasan Pasien Terhadap Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Puskesmas Sempaja Samarinda
Authors: Khabbah Mi’atu , Ayu Welinda Dyah , Annisa Nurul , Rusli Rolan
Published: May 2018

Kepuasan pasien terhadap standar pelayanan kefarmasian di  puskesmas dapat diukur dengan membandingkan antara harapan pasien terhadap kualitas pelayanan kefarmasian yang diinginkan dengan kenyataan yang diterimanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepuasan pasien dan pelaksanaan standar minimal pelayanan kefarmasian di Puskesmas. Penelitian observasi deskriptif dilakukan terhadap 270 responden menggunakan metode incidental sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuisioner kepuasan pasien dan standar pelayanan minimal di Puskesmas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 81,75% responden puas terhadap pelayanan yang diberikan puskesmas. Standar pelayanan waktu tunggu resep di bagian farmasi Puskesmas dapat dikatakan baik dan hampir memenuhi standar pelayanan kefarmasian di Puskesmas.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Taoge (Vigna radiata L.) Pada Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus) Terhadap Jumlah Anak Yang Dilahirkan
Authors: Hidayanti Nunuk , Sulistiarini Riski , Ramadhan Adam M. , Rijai Laode
Published: May 2018

Infertilitas merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan reproduksi yang serius yang dihadapi oleh sebagian masyarakat. Taoge (Vigna radiata L.) diyakini masyarakat sebagai peningkat kesuburan alami. Taoge memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang cukup tinggi yaitu vitamin E, vitamin C, fenol, flavonoid, fitosterol dan beberapa mineral seperti selenium, mangan, tembaga, zink dan besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak taoge terhadap perubahan jumlah anak pada hewan uji mencit. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok secara acak yaitu kontrol normal tanpa pemberian ekstrak taoge, kelompok uji 1,2 dan 3 diberi ekstrak taoge dengan konsentrasi 12,5 %; 25 % dan 50 %. Pengujian ini menggunakan metode breeding sistem poligami dengan cara mengawinkan mencit jantan dan betina (1:2) hingga diperoleh anak mencit selanjutnya dihitung jumlah anak dan ditimbang bobot lahir anak mencit secara keseluruhan dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Pemberian ekstrak taoge memberikan pengaruh terhadap perubahan jumlah anak pada hewan coba mencit jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol normal. Konsentrasi terbaik ekstrak taoge dalam meningkatkan jumlah anak kelahiran dan bobot lahir adalah konsentrasi 25 %.
Kesesuaian Waktu Pemberian Obat Hemodialisa Di RSUD A.W Sjahranie Samarinda
Authors: Anggreani Nur , Rusli Rolan , Annisa Nurul
Published: May 2018

Hemodialisa didefinisikan sebagai pergerakan larutan dan air dari darah pasien melewati membran semipermeabel (dialyzer) ke dalam dialysate. Pemberian obat pada penyakit hemodialisa ditinjau berdasarkan kesesuaian obat (terdialisis atau tidak) serta waktu pemberian obat (sebelum atau sesudah hemodialisis). Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui kesesuaian obat pada pasien dengan hemodialisis. Studi ini merupakan penelitian observasi dan data disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa obat-obatan yang pemberiannya sesuai adalah amlodipine, calos, amoxicilin, dan isosorbit dinitrat. Obat-obatan yang tidak sesuai pemberiannya adalah asam folat, diazepam, valsartan, tramadol dan furosemide.
Sustentabilidade e teoria geral dos sistemas: um levantamento temporal de frentes de pesquisa na literatura científica
Authors: Akim Érika Kushihara , Fonseca Sérgio Azevedo , Caron Mônica Filomena , De Faria Luiz Carlos
Published: May 2018

Diante dos desafios impostos pela complexidade crescente dos problemas contemporâneos, a literatura acadêmica tem abordado e interligado, com frequência crescente, os temas da sustentabilidade e da Teoria Geral dos Sistemas. Este artigo realiza uma revisão de parcela importante dessa literatura, nacional e internacional e, por meio de pesquisa bibliométrica, busca identificar os momentos de explosão e as palavras-chave com alto grau de centralidade de intermediação. Fazendo uso do programa CiteSpace II (CHEN, 2006), na base Web Of Science (WoS) no período de 1980 a 2016, a pesquisa revelou que a literatura que interliga os temas estudados teve um crescimento expressivo a partir da segunda metade da década de 1990, com a importante constatação do progressivo abandono de abordagens disciplinares em prol de tratamentos multidisciplinares.
Efeitos da sibutramina sobre o sistema reprodutor feminino de ratas Wistar
Authors: Da Silva Ana Cláudia , Magalini Ana Paula , Dos Santos Daiane C. Ferreira , Malfará Wilson Roberto , Crisci Ana Rosa
Published: May 2018

A obesidade é fator de risco para diversas outras doenças tornando a pessoa obesa mais propensa a desenvolver problemas como hipertensão arterial, doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes tipo 2, entre outras. Dos fármacos antiobesidade, destaca-se a Sibutramina, utilizada como antidepressivo e após algum tempo constatou-se o seu potencial efeito emagrecedor. Esta investigação teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da sibutramina sobre o sistema reprodutor feminino de ratas Wistar. Os animais foram distribuídos em 2 grupos com 10 animais cada grupo: o grupo 1 (controle) recebeu 0,3mL de soro fisiológico ( SF) a 0,9%, o grupo 2 recebeu 15mg/Kg de peso diluído em 0,3mL de água destilada de sibutramina, por gavagem, diariamente, durante 24 dias. Após esse período os animais foram previamente anestesiados para coleta de sangue por punção cardíaca em seguida os animais foram eutanasiados de acordo com as normas do Comitê de ética e pesquisa animal (CEPan). Os ovários e o útero foram fixados em formol 10% e corados com Hematoxilina /Eosina (H.E.) O peso corpóreo das ratas foi influenciado significativamente (p<0,001) pelo tratamento com sibutramina, em comparação ao grupo controle, assim como o consumo alimentar e hídrico, o grupo que recebeu tratamento com sibutramina ingeriu menos ração e água comparados ao grupo controle. Na histopatologia encontrou-se no ovário folículos atrésicos e intensa vascularização no estroma ovariano e no útero acentuadas projeções papilares e intensa proliferação epitelial. Conclui-se que a administração da sibutramina, na dosagem utilizada nesta pesquisa, reduziu o ganho de peso nas ratas e alterou o parênquima normal dos tecidos reprodutivos de ratas Wistar.
Solução ortodontica para tracionamento de segundos molares permanentes não irrompidos
Authors: Vargas Jr Carlos Sanches , Morales José Antonio de Carvalho , Queiroz Thalitta Pereira , Pizzol Karina Eiras Dela Coleta
Published: May 2018

A irrupção dentária é um processo fisiológico, em que  há a formação dos dentes decíduos e permanents dentro da estrutura óssea dos maxilares, que se irrompem emu ma sequência e espaço de tempo estabelecidos pela natureza, para exercer as respectivas funções do sistema estomatognático. A retenção prolongada de dentes permanentes é uma alteração frequente na clínica ortodôntica, exigindo em alguns casos, intervenção cirúrgica para o tracionamento dentário. O artigo descreve o caso clinico de uma paciente do gênero feminino, 15 anos, com oclusão normal, mas com os dentes 17 e 27 inclusos no tecido ósseo. Embora os mesmos apresentassem posição axial favorável, não irromperam espontaneamente, necessitando de intervenção ortodôntico-cirúrgica. Como forma de tratamento, realizou-se um retalho cirúrgico, ostectomia e colagem de botão ortodôntico com a finalidade de realizar o tracionamento dos mesmos, utilizando-se para tal um botão/barra palatina personalizada, desenvolvido especificamente para esse fim. Ao final de 11 meses de tratamento, os dentes entraram em oclusão com seus respectivos antagonistas, sem que houvesse a necessidade da realização de um tratamento ortodôntico corretivo convencional. Considera-se que aparelho personalizado desenvolvido pelos autores mostrou-se efetivo, uma vez que possibilitou o tracionamento dos dentes inclusos de forma simples, em um curto período de tempo.
A prática da ortodontia na rede pública de saúde - uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Barbosa Vanessa Leal Tavares , Pierini Alexandre José , Gallo Zildo
Published: May 2018

Nos últimos anos, as pesquisas epidemiológicas em saúde bucal, vem demonstrando a diminuição  da prevalência de cáries e das doenças periodontais e o crescente número de   problemas de má oclusão dentária. Estes resultados exibem uma transformação epidemiológica da saúde bucal e por isso torna-se necessária uma maior atenção em relação aos problemas de oclusão, a fim de viabilizar a incorporação de procedimentos ortodônticos pelo setor público de saúde. Este artigo faz uma revisão da literatura sobre histórico da saúde bucal no Brasil desde a implantação do SUS, a epidemiologia das más oclusões e como está a oferta de tratamentos ortodônticos na rede pública,  utilizando –se os descritores: “oclusão dentária e qualidade de vida”, “oclusão dentária e saúde publica”, “ má oclusão e saúde publica”, “malocusão e saúde pública”, “ saúde bucal”, “ acesso `a ortodontia”, “ políticas públicas em ortodontia”, “ortodontia preventiva”, buscando nas plataformas Science Direct e do Scielo ,artigos e teses, entre os anos de 2000 e 2017 nos  idiomas, português e inglês. O objetivo principal desta revisão da literatura é argumentar e justificar a importância do diagnóstico das más oclusões para a prevenção de problemas ortodônticos, além de contextualizar a necessidade da ampliação e/ou implementação do atendimento em Ortodontia nos serviços públicos de saúde, uma vez que as más oclusões e suas consequências, já se configuram como problemas de saúde pública.
Consumismo totalizante: as cinco formas de dominação do mercado
Authors: Gallo Zildo , Luiz Solange
Published: May 2018

O objetivo da resenha apresentada é ocasionar uma reflexão perante a obra “Consumido: Como o mercado corrompe criança, infantiliza adultos e engole cidadãos”, onde o debate literário baseia-se nas prováveis consequências de uma sociedade capitalista e consumista, ao qual o etos infantilista persuade a figura dos adultos a se tornarem crianças, convencendo-os às compras pueris, assim também, as crianças ao hiperconsumismo no qual já se encontram inseridas nesta economia global. Para Barber, o consumismo totalizante homogeneíza o gosto e privilegia os desejos. Desta forma, com o consumismo se infiltrando em cada um desses cantos, o mercado de consumo se faz presente de cincos formas: ubíquo, onipresente, viciante, auto-reprodutivo e onilegítimo para assumir o controle de nossas vidas.
The â€œCurseâ€™â€™ of Mineral Resources in Africa: Internationalising Conflict and Civil War in the DR Congo
Authors: Rwafa Rumbidzayi
Published: May 2018

The aim of this article is to explore the impact of conflict and civil wars in DR Congo and their ramifications on international relations among African and European nations. For many scholars of African history and internationals studies, DR Congo has remained a â€˜powder kegâ€™ or â€˜an active volcanoâ€™ that can explode anytime mainly because the country possesses vast mineral resources which make it irresistible for countries to intervene thereby undermine the national sovereignty of DR Congo. Countries such as Rwanda, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Angola, Chad, Burundi and Eritrea have been involved in the conflict in DR Congo for factors that are essentially political, social, economic and strategic in nature. Rwanda and Uganda are accused of destabilizing the internal peace and stability of DR Congo although both countries deny the allegations. By extension, the two countries are also accused of working in cohort with America and France to extend capitalism in DR Congo. The article shall argue that although countries involved justified their intervention in DR Congo for reasons such as maintaining national sovereignty, promoting peace, stability and democracy, the reality is that all of them have shown a keen interest in taking control over mineral resources. Thus, it is hoped that this article shall reveal the economic and political dynamics that underpinned the conflict and civil wars fought for years in DR Congo with the aim of explicating the hypocrisy exhibited by countries involved in the DR Congo debacle.
The Role of the SADC in a Peacekeeping Mission: A Case Study of South Africa in the Lesotho Conflict
Authors: Vhangani T. J. , Molapo Richard R.
Published: May 2018

This article investigates and assesses a peacekeeping mission of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) as it relates to a case study of South Africaâ€™s intervention in the Lesotho conflict in 1998. The article bases its argument on the international relations paradigm of realism so as to refute South Africaâ€™s claim that the SADC sanctioned the 1998 military intervention and that this armed intervention was aimed at promoting democracy and stability. Realists interpret world politics as a struggle for power and survival in an anarchic world. The aims of this article are to: determine the reasons for the said military intervention and the extent to which it was conducted on humanitarian grounds; investigate and assess the degree to which the intervention by South Africa was encouraged by national interests; determine the nature of the involvement of the SADC, African Union (AU) and the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) in the 1998 intervention; and explore the 2014/2015 mediation process and the challenges encountered. The study used qualitative techniques for data collection and analysis. The primary and secondary data were obtained from government and other publications and reports. The article argues that South Africa appears to have used the 1998 intervention and the mediation process in 2014/2015 to pursue its strategic and economic interests in the Kingdom of Lesotho, because it was not mandated or authorised by the UN, AU, and SADC to carry out these actions. The intervention was not a humanitarian peacekeeping mission to rescue Lesotho from a coup as claimed by South African officials. The intervention appears to have been inconsistent with the UN charter and the SADC treaty.
Post-millennial Black American Experience: The Poetry of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement
Authors: Chikowero Murenga Joseph
Published: May 2018

One of the most exciting developments on the Black American literary scene in the post-millennial period is the emergence of a body of #BlackLivesMatter poetry, itself a cultural extension of the civil rights movement of the same name. Granted that the #BlackLivesMovement in its current form is less than a decade old, what follows are but preliminary thoughts on the poetics of this movement. Often experimental, the poetry of the #BlackLivesMatter movement is, for the most part, conceived as one of the polyphonic voices of the black civil rights struggle in its contemporary form. The poetryâ€”often not published in traditional book formâ€”is, I argue, one that is still searching for its own distinctive voice or, more accurately, voices while simultaneously celebrating its very experimental selves. And yet this is unapologetically in-your-face art with a powerful digital presence on increasingly important social mass media portals such as Twitter, blogs, Facebook and especially YouTube. Where traditional published poetry requires the committed reader to seek out the book, #BlackLivesMatter poetry finds the reader and audience on social media.
The Phillips Curve Revisited: Implications of an Inaccurate Urban Legend
Authors: Rossouw Jannie , Marais Martin
Published: May 2018

In his article, The Relation between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wage Rates in the United Kingdom, 1861â€“1957, Phillips demonstrates a clear trade-off relationship between the rate of change in nominal wages and the rate of change in unemployment for the period under study. Post-publication, Phillipsâ€™ article became popular and is widely discussed in first-year economics textbooks. This article analyses the educational implications of the Phillips curve in textbooks prescribed by South African universities. It has been found that in a number of these publications, the Phillips curve is incorrectly illustrated as a trade-off between the level of inflation and the level of unemployment, which is not what the author concluded. A change in the way the Phillips curve is taught at tertiary institutions is therefore required to ensure that students are properly informed about aspects impacting employment. The findings of Phillips in their original format, rather than as misrepresented in some South African textbooks, should be taught to South African students. The research also shows that educators should consult original sources, rather than relying on the interpretation of others, when teaching technical aspects of an academic discipline.
Exploring Psychological Career Mechanisms for Enhancing Employeesâ€™ Self-Efficacious Career Adaptability
Authors: Coetzee Melinde
Published: May 2018

The study extends contemporary research on adaptive career behaviour by exploring the link between three under-researched psychological career-related attributes (career values, career enablers and career harmonisers) that may potentially serve as mechanisms for enhancing individualsâ€™ self-efficacious career adaptability (career confidence). Participants (NÂ =Â 248) were early and middle career stage individuals employed in an organisation situated in Gauteng, South Africa. Analyses included regression-based moderated-mediation procedures to assess conditional direct and indirect effects of the psychological career constructs. The results indicated that although the career harmonisers did not have a significant mediating effect, the conditional indirect effect of career enablers on career confidence through career harmonisers increased when the score on career values was high. Employeesâ€™ career confidence may potentially be enhanced by means of well-developed career enabling skills and positive psychosocial career attributes on the condition that they have strong (well-crystallised) career values.
Challenges of the Use of Atomistic Simulations to Predict Solubilities of Drug-like Molecules
Authors: Duarte Ramos Matos Guilherme , Mobley David
Published: May 2018

Background.Solubility is a physical property of extreme importance to the Pharmaceutical industry whose prediction for potential drugs has so far been a hard task.We attempted to predict the solubility of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) by estimating absolute chemical potentials of its most stable polymorph and of solutions with different concentrations of the drug molecule.

Methods.Chemical potentials were estimated from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We used the Einstein Molecule Method to predict the absolute chemical potential of the solid and solvation free energy calculations to predict the excess chemical potentials of the liquid phase systems.

Results.Reliable estimations of the chemical potentials for the solid and for a single ASA molecule using the Einstein Molecule Method required an extremely large number of intermediate states for the free energy calculations, meaning that the calculations were extremely demanding computationally.Despite the computational cost, however, the computed value did not agree well with experiment, potentially due to limitations with the underlying energy model.Perhaps better values could be obtained with a better energy model; however, it seems likely computational cost may remain a limiting factor for use of this particular approach to solubility estimation.

Conclusions.Solubility prediction of drug-like solids still is a challenge on the computational side, and it appears that both the underlying energy model and the computational approach applied may need improvement before the approach is suitable for routine use.
X-ray Absorption Spectral Signature of Quantum Nuclei in Liquid Water
Authors: Sun Zhaoru , Zheng Lixin , Chen Mohan , Klein Michael L. , Lab Paesani , Wu Xifan
Published: May 2018

Based on electron-hole excitation theory, we investigate the X-ray absorption spectral signature of nuclear quantum effect in liquid water, whose molecular structure is simulated by path-integral molecular dynamics using the MB-pol model. Compared to spectra generated from classically modeled water structure, quantum nuclei has important effect on spectra in terms of both the spectral energies and their line shapes. At the short-range ordering of H-bond network, the delocalized protons increase the fluctuations on the intramolecular covalency and broaden the pre-edge of the spectra. For intermediate-range and long-range orderings, the observed red and blue shifts of the main-edge and post-edge are attributed to the so-called competing quantum effects, under which both the weak and well-formed H-bonds are promoted. The theoretical spectra are in nearly quantitative agreement with the available experimental data.
Probing the Mechanochemistry of Metal-Organic Frameworks with Low-Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Maul Jefferson , Vulpe Diana , Moghadam Peyman Z. , Fairen-jimenez David , Mittleman Daniel M. , Zeitler J. Axel , Erba Alessandro , Ruggiero Michael
Published: May 2018

The identification of low-frequency vibrational motions of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) allows for a full understanding of their mechanical and structural response upon perturbation by external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, and adsorption. Here, we describe the unique combination of an experimental temperature- and pressure-dependent terahertz spectroscopy system with state-of-the-art quantum mechanical simulation to measure and atomistically assign specific low-frequency vibrational modes that directly drive the mechanochemical properties of this important class of porous materials. Our work highlights the complex interplay between structural, vibrational, and mechanochemical phenomena, all of which are key to the effective exploitation of MOFs. We demonstrate the critical importance of terahertz vibrational motions on the function of MOFs, and how this information can be measured and interpreted in a method that can be applied widely to any supramolecular materials.
ASPECTOS HITÓRICOS ABORDADOS EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE MATEMÁTICA DOS ANOS FINAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: UMA ANÁLISE DOS CONTEÚDOS
Authors: Pachêco Franklin Fernando Ferreira , Silva Andreza Santana da , Pachêco Gisele Ferreira
Published: May 2018

Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar a abordagem da história dos conteúdos de matemática apresentada na coleção de livros didáticos de matemática dos anos finais do ensino fundamental intitulada “matemática nos dias de hoje: na medida certa” mais usado no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da rede pública nos distritos da cidade de São Vicente Férrer/PE. Embasamos nossa revisão da literatura em diversos autores, como Brasil (1998), Miguel e Miorim (2011), Lopes e Ferreira (2013), Silveira (2015) e outros salientando a relevância da história da matemática e do livro didático para a construção do conhecimento matemático. Metodologicamente desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa documental com abordagem qualitativa, na qual investigou-se a coleção de livros didáticos intitulado de “matemática nos dias de hoje: na medida certa” dos anos finais do ensino fundamental dos autores Centurión e Jakubovic (2015), aprovado pelo PNLD 2017, 1ª edição- São Paulo, editora Leya, 2015. Os resultados indicaram que os autores da coleção dos livros didáticos se limitam quanto a abordagem da história da matemática. E, quando há sua ocorrência, de acordo com o bloco de conhecimentos propostos por Brasil (1998) o que mais se destaca na abordagem de aspectos históricos é o de números e operações.
REFLEXÕES ACERCA DO SISTEMA NACIONAL DE AVALIAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA (SAEB)
Authors: Heck Miriam Ferrazza
Published: May 2018

Neste trabalho, apresentam-se algumas considerações acerca da avaliação do SAEB - Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Básica. O texto caracteriza-se por uma pesquisa qualitativa, sendo que, o objetivo principal é contribuir com a ampliação de conhecimentos avaliativos sobre a temática, ressaltando a sua relevância nos contextos políticos, econômicos e sociais. Por fim, acredita-se que este trabalho, pode servir como um recurso pedagógico aos profissionais envolvidos com a Educação Básica, viabilizando possíveis contribuições para a suas práticas educativas, proporcionando a ampliação dos seus conhecimentos educativos.
EVALUANDO COMPETENCIAS EN FÍSICA MEDIANTE RÚBRICAS
Authors: Ramirez-Vazquez Raquel , Escobar Isabel , Arribas Enrique , Franco Maria Teresa , Maffey Silvia , Vidales Sarahi , Gonzalez-Rubio Jesus , Belendez Augusto
Published: May 2018

El modelo educativo con enfoque en la formación de competencias, promovido a principios del siglo XXI y que ha tomado un papel muy importante en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en las instituciones educativas de todos los niveles educativos, establece que para el desarrollo armónico del ser humano la educación debe ser integral. La educación basada en competencias está orientada hacia la generación de capacidades en el educando y por ello, la evaluación debe centrarse en éstas, particularmente las que tienen que ver con habilidades para identificar, proyectar, resolver problemas y tomar decisiones. Las rúbricas de evaluación por competencias son una herramienta que permite obtener evidencia de la adquisición de éstas y aplicación del conocimiento fuera del aula. Esto supone un cambio en el escenario escolar, tanto para los profesores, así como también para los estudiantes, quienes deben asumir nuevas funciones, roles y tareas para lograr un aprendizaje basado en competencias genéricas y específicas. En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta de rúbricas para la evaluación por Competencias de Física en el ámbito universitario, específicamente, para evaluar el desarrollo de prácticas de laboratorio. Con este trabajo, se pretende introducir nuevos métodos de evaluación e identificar oportunidades para desarrollar capacidades y evaluar aprendizajes a través de indicadores de progreso. En esta primera fase del proyecto, se ha diseñado una práctica de laboratorio y en conjunto se ha elaborado la rúbrica de evaluación, aplicada a alumnos de Fundamentos Físicos de la Informática en el Grado de Ingeniería Informática en la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM).
A UTILIZAÇÃO DOS MAPAS CONCEITUAIS NA PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Silva Virginia Roters da , Lorenzetti Leonir
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho analisou as características e contribuições dos Mapas Conceituais para a Educação em Ciências, apresentados nas Atas do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências – ENPEC, no período de 1997 a 2015. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa documental, que localizou quarenta e três trabalhos no total, sendo vinte e dois envolvendo a Educação Básica. A análise de cada artigo considerou o problema, os objetivos, o tipo de Mapa, a metodologia, as propostas de promoção e as contribuições para a Educação em Ciências. Os resultados indicam que o uso dos Mapas Conceituais na Educação Básica, principalmente no Ensino Fundamental, é uma atividade ainda pouco explorada, porém, os trabalhos que tratam do tema trazem contribuições e mostram o potencial do seu uso como proposta de trabalho para uma aprendizagem mais significativa.
OFICINA PEDAGÓGICA NA LICENCIATURA EM QUÍMICA COM EXPERIMENTOS E MATERIAIS ALTERNATIVOS PARA O ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Leão Marcelo Franco , Alves Ana Claudia Tasinaffo
Published: May 2018

Esse estudo teve como objetivo descrever a realização de uma oficina pedagógica direcionada a futuros professores de química no intuito de capacitá-los a desenvolverem experimentos com materiais alternativos quando atuarem na docência. Configura-se como um relato de experiência cuja atividade formativa ocorreu no mês de junho de 2017, durante a realização da Semana do Químico do IF Sertão Pernambucano, cidade de Petrolina-PE. Todos os 36 participantes são estudantes em formação do curso de Licenciatura em Química dessa instituição. Além da reflexão sobre a importância da experimentação para o ensino de ciências, foram desenvolvidas cinco práticas experimentais, que alimentaram discussões sobre: a necessidade de planejamento e articulação entre teoria e prática, diferenças entre uma atividade demonstrativa ou participativa, e a importância da postura mediadora do professor. Como instrumento para coletar dados sobre como avaliaram essa formação, foi utilizado um questionário impresso, constituído por três questões, sendo apenas uma delas fechada com respostas em escala Likert. A avaliação apontou potenciais a serem explorados em sala de aula quando os experimentos forem desenvolvidos. Logo, essa oficina envolvendo atividades voltadas para ensinar ciências naturais no Ensino Fundamental e pode ser considerada como uma formação complementar e necessária aos futuros professores de química.
POLLEN AND ACHENE MORPHOLOGY OF TARAXACUM F.H. WIGG. (ASTERACEAE) SPECIES DISTRIBUTED AROUND BURSA
Authors: Kuşaksız Gül
Published: May 2018

In this study, we extensively examined the pollen morphology and some important morphological characteristics of Taraxacum Wiggers (Asteraceae) species which have a wide distribution in and around Bursa. There are 7 Taraxacum species distributed in Bursa and its vicinity, 2 of which are endemic. Taxons are Taraxacum serotinum (Waldst & Kit) Poiret, Taraxacum hyberniforme van Soest, Taraxacum minimum Heldr. ex Nyman, Taraxacum aznavourii van Soest, Taraxacum buttleri van Soest, Taraxacum pseudobrachyglossum van Soest and Taraxacum turcicum van Soest. According to the palynological studies, T. turcicum pollens are moderate monad, their pollen type is three-zonocolporate rarely tetra-zonocolporate, pollen shape is subprolate, prolate-spheroidal, oblat-spheroidal and exine ornamentation is defined as spinulate. T. pseudobrachyglossum pollens are medium sized monad, pollen type is three-zonocolporate, pollen shape is subprolate, prolate-spheroidal, oblat-spheroidal; exine ornamentation is spinulate; spine and spinule. T. serotinum pollens are medium sized monad, pollen type is three-zonocolporate rarely tetra-zonocolporate, pollen shape is prolate-spheroidal, oblat-spheroidal; exine ornamentation is spinulate; spine and spinule. T. minimum pollens are medium sized monad, pollen type is three-zonocolporate, pollen shape is suboblate, prolate-spheroidal, oblat-spheroidal; exine ornamentation is spinulate; spine and spinule. T.hyberniforme pollens are medium sized monad, pollen type is three-zonocolporate, pollen shape is prolate-spheroidal, oblat-spheroidal; exine ornamentation is spinulate; spine and spinule. T. aznavourii pollens are medium sized monad, pollen type is three-zonocolporate, pollen shape is prolate-spheroidal, oblat-spheroidal; exine ornamentation is spinulate; spine and spinule. T.buttleri pollens are medium sized monad, pollen type is three-zonocolporate, pollen shape is suboblate, prolate-spheroidal, oblat-spheroidal, subprolate; exine ornamentation is spinulate; spine and spinule.
Automated Theorem Proving by Translation to Description Logic
Authors: Arhami Negin , Sutcliffe Geoff
Published: May 2018

Many Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) systems for different logics, and translators for translating different logics from one to another, have been developed and are now available. Some logics are more expressive than others, and it is easier to express problems in those logics. However, their ATP systems are relatively newer, and need more development and testing in order to solve more problems in a reasonable time. To benefit from the available tools to solve more problems in more expressive logics, different ATP systems and translators can be combined. Problems in logics more expressive than CNF can be translated directly to CNF, or indirectly by translation via intermediate logics. Description Logic (DL) sits between CNF and propositional logic. Saffron a CNF to DL translator, has been developed, which fills the gap between CNF and DL. ATP by translation to DL is now an alternative way of solving problems expressed in logics more expressive than DL, by combining necessary translators from those logics to CNF, Saffron, and a DL ATP system.
Obstrucción maligna de la vía aérea central
Authors: Fernández Liliana
Published: May 2018

La obstrucción de la vía aérea es una situación poco común, pero potencialmente fatal, caracterizada por la obstrucción de la tráquea y grandes bronquios por lesiones malignas y no malignas. La causa más común es el cáncer de pulmón. Este se presenta en 20% a 30% de los casos en algún momento de su evolución. Los síntomas, como tos y disnea, pueden ser insidiosos y lentamente progresivos hasta evolucionar a falla (o insuficiencia) respiratoria con inminencia de muerte si no hay una intervención oportuna. La terapia se encamina a restaurar y asegurar la vía aérea. La técnica elegida depende de la causa, tipo y severidad de la obstrucción, así como de la disponibilidad de equipos, habilidad del operador y del grupo multidisciplinario que se enfrente a cada caso. Actualmente se emplea terapia multimodal en el abordaje de estos pacientes. Esta involucra broncoscopia rígida y flexible bajo anestesia general o sedación profunda, utilizando equipos de ablación y resección, como láser, electrocauterio, sondas de crioterapia y de desbridamiento, argón plasma, prótesis, entre otros instrumentos diseñados para garantizar la estabilidad de la vía aérea (1, 2).
ІНТЕНСИФІКАЦІЯ МЕХАНІЧНОГО ОБРОБЛЕННЯ ТЕКСТИЛЬНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ У БАРАБАННИХ ПРАЛЬНИХ МАШИНАХ
Authors: Воляник О. , Петко І.
Published: May 2018

To study the process of mechanical influence on textile materials and to substantiate the possibility of its intensification in a household washing machine. The methods of interaction of bodies in a rotating mechanism of a drum of a washing machine with simultaneous action of chemical, thermal and mechanical factors are considered. The physical processes of the intensification of the washing solution and the influence of the design parameters of the drum on the quality of material unpinning are analyzed. It is shown that the intensification of processes in the drum of a washing machine depends on the geometric shape of the crest and should be taken into account when calculating the washing units, in particular, to improve energy efficiency. The resulting dependencies can be used in the design of modern washing machines.
ВПЛИВ ПОВЕРХНЕВО-АКТИВНИХ РЕЧОВИН НА ПОВЕРХНЕВИЙ НАТЯГ РОЗЧИНІВ ДЛЯ ПРОМИВАННЯ БАВОВНЯНОГО ТРИКОТАЖУ
Authors: Семешко О. Я. , Скалозубова Н. С. , Асаулюк Т. С. , Сарібєкова Ю. Г. , Мясников С. А.
Published: May 2018

Analysis of the mechanism of action of surfactants in the conditions of washing cotton knitted fabrics, the establishment of surfactants for functional purposes, which should be part of the composition, and the study of changes in the surface tension of solutions of surfactants of various classes designed to create a composition for the preparation of cotton knitted fabrics. Determination of the surface tension of solutions of surfactants of different concentrations was carried out by the method of detachment of the ring, using the Du-Nui method. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the mechanism of action of surfactants in the conditions of washing cotton knitted fabrics, it is established what properties the constituents of the composition should possess and the surfactants that contribute to the maximum reduction in the surface tension of their solutions are determined. Scientifically substantiated the principles of creating surfactants compositions for the scouring of cotton knitted fabric on the basis of an analysis of the mechanism of their action and found that the wetting and washing abilities of surfactants are the determinants; the isothermal dependences of the surface tension of solutions of surfactants of various classes are first obtained. Surface-active substances and their concentrations are established, which ensure low surface tension of solutions.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ РОЗМІРНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК НЕДЕРЕВНИХ ВОЛОКОН РІЗНОЇ ПРИРОДИ
Authors: Будаш Ю. О. , Кучеренко Є. В. , Плаван В. П. , Фещенко Я. В. , Верейко О. І.
Published: May 2018

Comparison of dimensional characteristics of various non-wood fibers (flax, hemp, bamboo, cotton), which can be used as an additional component in the production of non-woven composite materials from synthetic fibrous waste. The structure of the fibers was studied by optical polarization microscopy. The dimensional characteristics of the fibers were determined by the method of analyzing digital images, followed by statistical processing and graphical analysis of the obtained data. A quantitative comparative analysis of the transverse dimensions and distribution for this indicator for non-wood fibers of various natural origin: flax, hemp, bamboo, cotton. It has been established that the average transverse dimensions of the initial fibers of flax and hemp are higher than for bamboo and cotton fibers with greater variability of this index and a pronounced asymmetry of the distribution towards valuesgreater than the average. Based on a detailed statistical analysis of microscopic images, differences in the transverse dimensions of non-wood fibers of different natural origin are established.  The results obtained can be used to produce nonwoven composite materials with predictable properties.
СИНТЕЗ НЕРОЗЧИННОГО АЗОБАРВНИКА ІЗ АНТИБАКТЕРІАЛЬНОЮ СКЛАДОВОЮ
Authors: Гараніна О. О. , Варданян А. О. , Петрова-Кумінська С. В. , Міронова О. В.
Published: May 2018

To enter into the structure of insoluble azo dye the antibacterial substance of a wide spectrum of action and to investigate the spectral characteristics. Azo dyes are obtained by using diazo-compounds, synthesized from known azoamines by the reaction of azo coupling with triclosan in the role of azocompound. Electronic spectra for solutions of synthesized dyes were obtained using a spectrophotometer. The principal possibility of synthesizing a dye with an antibacterial component in its structure is shown. The obtained electronic spectra of synthesized dyes with the triclosan containment. The use of surfactants changes the shades of synthesized dyes. By changing the azoamines, it is possible to regulate the activity of the bactericidal preparation on the surface of the fabric and in the water environment in contact with the fiber. For the first time, an antibacterial substance with a wide spectrum of action was entered into the structure of an insoluble azo dye and the possibility of regulating bactericidal activity is marked. Azo dye with antibacterial component was synthesized. Electronic spectra of synthesized dyes with the triclosan compound were obtained.
Selfie como medio de comunicación del siglo XXI
Authors: Saavedra Vásquez Valeria
Published: May 2018

El fenómeno del selfie es una actividad social ligada a la tecnología. Se analiza este fenómeno de acuerdo con los postulados y categorías conceptuales de David Morley como la domesticación y mediación de los aparatos tecnológicos. Se describe el surgimiento del fenómeno del selfie como consecuencia de la modernidad y el avance tecnológico en las sociedades modernas y tradicionales. Se detallan los diferentes motivos para compartir un selfie y lo que se pretende comunicar.
Dinámicas de contacto entre la producción poética andina (kichwa y aymara) y el canon literario
Authors: Rodríguez Monarca Claudia
Published: May 2018

El artículo se propone revisar las dinámicas de contacto de las producciones poéticas indígenas andinas actuales, tanto kichwa como aymara, con la cultura y las literaturas nacionales dominantes y canónicas de Ecuador y Bolivia, respectivamente. En estas relaciones encontramos interferencias propias del diálogo, más o menos tensionado, como la permeabilidad, la confluencia y la divergencia entre los sistemas literarios.
Feminidad china y control social: La crónica policial y la construcción discursiva de los inmigrantes chinos
Authors: Chumbimune Saravia Daisy
Published: May 2018

Este artículo pretende profundizar en la subalternidad de la inmigración china a partir de la crónica policial. La investigación se basa principalmente en fuentes primarias que incluyen algunos de los periódicos y revistas peruanos más importantes y representativos (El Comercio, La Prensa y Variedades). Al demostrar que la pasividad, la cobardía y la debilidad son características notables que determinan la feminidad del inmigrante chino, esta investigación destaca la importancia de los roles de género y su tendencia a perpetuar las desigualdades de poder. El objetivo es demostrar que la crónica policial concibe este sujeto en oposición al sujeto ideal que se pretendió cultivar durante la República Aristocrática (1895-1919), en una época en que la modernidad de la nación era entendida en función de la exclusión de unos y otros.
Sobre el compromiso político del arte (y los artistas) en Pobre gente de París de Sebastián Salazar Bondy
Authors: Mudarra Montoya Américo
Published: May 2018

Desde nuestra perspectiva, el texto Pobre gente de París es un manifiesto poético-político. En él, nuestro autor intenta coincidir la visión del escritor literario y la visión del activista político. El libro no es, pues, un mero conjunto de “vivencias parisinas” emparentadas por su condición de “material autobiográfico” sino, más bien, un vehículo de ideas, el cual continuará por la misma ruta que venían formando sus artículos de opinión en la prensa escrita de aquellos años. Entonces, logramos observar que las ideas de Salazar Bondy discurren sin dificultad entre las líneas del texto Pobre gente de París. La condena dictada en la página de algún periódico aparece nuevamente en las páginas de este libro, quizá con otras palabras, quizá con diferente extensión, pero siempre con la misma indignación, con la misma ira.
El rol del ejecutivo en la producción normativa: el Ecuador entre 1979 y 2016
Authors: Llanos Escobar Santiago , García Vinueza Wladimir
Published: May 2018

Este trabajo parte de la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Cómo se ha realizado la aprobación de los proyectos de ley remitidos desde el ejecutivo? Para efectuar este análisis se toma como caso de estudio al Ecuador, entre los años 1979 y 2016, a partir del retorno a la democracia. Para este efecto, a través de una propuesta metodológica cuantitativa de carácter descriptivo, se pretende revisar las formas en las que cada uno de los ejecutivos ecuatorianos ha hecho uso de esta atribución, haciendo énfasis en las condiciones presentes en cada uno de sus gobiernos para este efecto. Por lo tanto, a partir de la recolección y sistematización de información disponible en medios oficiales, se revisa las formas en las que cada ejecutivo ha remitido sus proyectos de ley a la legislatura, evidenciando a primera vista patrones claros que determinen el por qué los ejecutivos consiguen aprobar sus proyectos de ley. El estudio funda sus conclusiones en el funcionamiento de la relación ejecutivo legislativo en el Ecuador, y propone una agenda que permite determinar los elementos causales que coadyuvan para que un ejecutivo un incremento en su nivel de éxito legislativo.
Deep-seated Geothermal Resources of the Parana Basin
Authors: Gomes Antonio Jorge de Lima , Gomes Jorge Luiz dos Santos
Published: May 2018

Updated data sets on terrestrial heat flow and thermal springs have been employed in outlining the nature of deep-seated geothermal resources of the Parana basin. A 1o x1o grid system was adopted for data processing and in determinations of vertical distributions of excess temperatures. The results obtained have led to an improved understanding of the occurrence of high temperature geothermal resources and allowed estimates of associated resource base. It has been possible to identify more than 20 crustal blocks where the resource base per unit area, referred to the accessible depth limit of 6 km, are in the range of 2x1011 to 9x1011 Joules. There are indications pointing to occurrence of medium temperature geothermal resources at depths of 4 to 6 km in several sectors of the central and western parts of the basin. The area extent of such blocks has dimensions of several tens of kilometers. Most high temperature resources occur within the well-known sectors of fault-controlled magmatic activity associated with the eruption of Serra Geral flood basalts. In addition, isolated pockets of high enthalpy geothermal resources are found to be present along the northwestern border. The results have also allowed better assessments of low temperature resources of the Guarani aquifer system, which span over large areas of southern Brazil, western Uruguay and northern Argentina.
A design of the universal color-space converter IP-cores based on field - programmable gate array
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Tran Van Nghia
Published: May 2018

This paper presents the implementation of RGB<->CbCr color space conversion circuits (IP-cores) necessary for many video designs. These IP-cores offer simplified 3x3 matrix multipliers used to convert three input color samples (RGB or YCbCr) to three output samples (YCbCr or RGB). The optimized structure of IP-cores uses only four multipliers (or XtremeDSP slices) to implement the RGB<->CbCr transformation by taking advantage of the dependencies between coefficients in the conversion matrix. Parameterizable IP-cores are used to confirm compliance to multi-standards and optimize hardware implementation. IP-cores have been verified successfully using xilinx vivado system generator 2016.2 for visually inspected output results and for verification against known models in the MATLAB/Simulink software environment.