bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROGRAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PT PERTAMINA REFINERY UNIT VI BALONGAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT (Kasus Pada Desa Balongan, Majakerta, Sukaurip dan Karangsong)
Authors: Situmeang Ilona V. Oisina
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Government requires that any companyoperating in Indonesia to undertake CSR programsfor the surrounding community, which programsare not only charity but also to empowercommunities, so that the surrounding communitiesbe empowered; and this has been done by PTPertamina Balongan. This study used a qualitativeapproach that is descriptive. Primary datacollection is done by in-depth interviews and groupdiscussions while secondarily conducted throughthe study of literature. The result is that Pertaminaconducting activities in various areas of public life,including in the field leads to more social charityactivities, in economics with a focus on communitydevelopment activities needed by the communityand in the environmental field is directed to acleaner environment and comfortable as it mayimprove the quality of life as well as in the field ofreligion and education. This activity is routinelymaintained by Pertamina by listening to the keyneeds of the community.Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR),People Empowerment, Charity, Clean Environment

AbstrakPemerintah mewajibkan setiap perusahaan yangberoperasi di Indonesia untuk melakukan programCSR bagi masyarakat sekitar, dimana programyang dilakukan tidak hanya sekedar perbuatanamal namun lebih kepada pemberdayaanmasyarakat, sehingga masyarakat sekitar menjadiberdaya. Hal ini sudah dilakukan oleh PT PertaminaBalongan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatankualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Pengumpulandata primer dilakukan dengan wawancaramendalam dan diskusi kelompok sedangkan datasekunder dilakukan dengan studi literatur. Hasilyang diperoleh bahwa Pertamina melakukankegiatan di berbagai bidang kehidupanmasyarakat, yaitu bidang sosial lebih mengarahkepada kegiatan amal, di bidang ekonomi fokuspemberdayaan masyarakat dengan berbagaikegiatan yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat dandibidang lingkungan mengarah kepada lingkunganyang bersih, nyaman dan dapat meningkatkankualitas hidup serta di bidang agama danpendidikan. Kegiatan ini rutin dilakukan Pertaminadengan mendengarkan kebutuhan-kebutuhanutama dari masyarakat.Kata kunci: CSR, Tanggung Jawab SosialMasyarakat, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Amal,Lingkungan Bersih
MANAJEMEN PRIVASI DI NEW MEDIA (Studi Kasus Pengguna Facebook Pada Pegawai Negeri Sipil)
Authors: Anggoro Danang Wisnu
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aims to (1) describe and analyze messages in a production activities inf facebook and (2) to express and analyze factors, why would he do that (maintenaneprivacy or uncover) information. The result of this research, show that in conducting management privacy as in wrote online with the native of identity and not his/her real name, use photos yourself, a photograph with couples in such a case and a photograph of with family. In addition, a thing done is that by menas of writing the activities in facebook account that is performed alone without need some hel couples, for example manage their own for homemakers without assisted by their husband. In terms of a message, in expressive of, as kids learn to accompany, call the son of the streets and ate communal meals together and whichis again the parents can do to hospital although are working on or finish office work and rhetoric in doing persuasive through which aims to facebook account to lure others especially for us teammates for the 18 years old the number of civil servants get mutation work in order to be morepatient and remain trustful or responsible for jobs provide.Keywords: Privacy Management, New Media, Message

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan (1) untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pesan-pesan yang di produksi dalam aktivitas di facebook dan (2) untuk mengungkapkan dan menganalisis faktor-faktor mengapa dia melakukan itu (menjaga privasi atau mengungkap informasi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam melakukan manajemen privasi seperti dalam menuliskan identitas online dengan nama asli dan nama samaran, menggunakan foto diri sendiri, foto bersama pasangan (suami isteri) dan foto bersama keluarga. Selain itu, hal yang dilakukan ialah dengan cara menuliskan berbagai aktivitas di akun facebook yang dilakukan sendiri tanpa memerlukan bantuan pasangan, misalnya mengurus rumah sendiri bagi ibu rumah tangga tanpa dibantu oleh suami. Dari segi pesan, secara ekspresif, seperti menemani anak belajar, mengajak anak jalan-jalan dan makan bersama serta menjaga anak yang lagi sakit walaupun sedang mengerjakan atau menyelesaikan pekerjaan kantor dan secara retorika dalam melakukan persuasif melalui akun facebook yang bertujuan untuk membujuk orang lain khususnya bagi rekan-rekan pegawai yang mendapatkan mutasi pekerjaan agar bisa lebih bersabar dan tetap amanah atau bertanggung jawab dengan pekerjaan yang diberikan.Kata kunci: Manajemen Privasi, New Media, Pesan
PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL: BAGAIMANA MENGGAPAI KOMPETENSI DAN AKTUALITAS?
Authors: Herindrasti V.L. Sinta
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntegration and interdependent among nations has already creating the new world for theIndonesian youth. The on going radical and rapid changing must be anticipated throughthe mind set changing in order to understand deeply how the different sectors of societyhave their own logic of operation and interests. Besides mastering on the basic theoreticalconcepts, the International Relations student must also be equipped with the strong softand hard skills, which are needed to be involved in the global environment so thatInternational Relations Study majoring in various certain fields of study will become a partof efforts to achieve international competence and to answer further more importantquestion, how can we create a transformative social knowledge for our own nationdevelopment?Keywords: Globalization, Linkage, Soft skill, Hard skill, International competence,Transformative social knowledge
SOEKARNO AND SUN YAT SEN STRUGGLING FOR LIBERTY AND NATIONALISM
Authors: Suyanto Isbodroini
Published: June 2020

AbstractIr Soekarno, born on June 1st 1091, and Dr. Sun Yat-sen, born in 1866, were unforgottenleaders until present. Soekarno was a leader determined to struggle for Indonesiaâ€™s libertysince the colonial period. He felt how the people suffered those days because of theexploitation of the colonialist. His dream was to form an independent country based onnationalism. He realized that Indonesia, at that time the Dutch Indies, was plural, so hebelieved that nationalism based on humanity was the most appropriate, although he wasstrongly challenged by Islamic groups who wanted a country with Islamic principle. Afterindependence, Pancasila became Indonesian state philosophy.Soekarnoâ€™s struggle during the colonial period was influenced by several leaders who werealso struggling for freedom from exploitation, both by colonialism or the power of absolutemonarchy. Several of them, such as Mahatma Gandhi, Aurobindo Ghose and Sut Yat Sen,struggled against Manchu monarchy. Sun Yat Senâ€™s principle about nationalism, whichwas based on The Three Principles of the People (Sanminxhuyi) apparently influencedSoekarno in struggling for nationalism. Sun Yat Senâ€™s struggle became reality with thebirth of China Revolution in 1911Keywords: Nationalism, Struggle for independence, Freedom, Justice
CHINAâ€™S MILITARY RISE AND ITS IMPACT ON INSTABILITY IN EAST ASIA
Authors: Damayanti Angel
Published: June 2020

AbstrackMeningkatnya anggaran militer China lebih dari satu dekade terakhir ini menyebabkanterjadinya instabilitas di kawasan Asia Timur. Hal ini terutama disebabkan karena Jepangmerasa terancam dengan strategi China dan karenanya Jepang melakukan perubahanterhadap kebijakan pertahanannya. Jepang yang memiliki masalah perbatasan denganChina di sekitar Laut Timur, beranggapan bahwa modernisasi persenjataan China,terutama yang dilakukan terhadap armada lautnya, bukan ditujukan utk menciptakanstabilitas keamanan kawasan namun sebaliknya, menimbulkan ancaman bagi Jepang dannegara tetangga lainnya. Sebagai reaksi terhadap kebijakan pertahanan China tersebut,Jepang, di samping tetap menikmati kerjasama pertahanan dengan Amerika Serikat, telahmemutuskan untuk merubah postur pertahanannya dan meningkatkan anggaran belanjamiliternya. Meskipun terlalu dini untuk menyatakan akan terjadi perang antara Jepangdan China, namun dinamika yang terjadi pada keduanya menimbulkan persepsi yangberagam bagi negara-negara di kawasan Asia Timur, namun yang paling mencolok adalahmeningkatnya perasaan terancam yang akan mengarah pada security dilemma (dilemakeamanan).Kata kunci: Modernisasi pertahanan, Instabilitas, Dilema keamanan
Producción de etanol a partir de yuca fresca utilizando la estrategia de proceso HEFS (hidrólisis enzimática y fermentación simultáneas) usando enzimas reductoras de viscosidad
Authors: Castaño-Peláez Hader Iván
Published: June 2020

Se evaluó la producción de etanol a partir de yuca fresca mediante el uso de enzimas reductoras de viscosidad y enzimas hidrolizantes de almidón en forma granular utilizando la estrategia de proceso de integración en forma simultánea de la hidrólisis y la fermentación. Se utilizaron tubérculos de yuca fresa; se evaluó el efecto del pH, carga enzimática y la cáscara sobre la viscosidad; se evaluó además el prelicuado de los gránulos de almidón y efecto de la carga del complejo Stargen® 01 y el inoculo sobre la producción de etanol. Se realizó la optimización y validación del proceso. El pH, actividad enzimática y la presencia de cascara presentaron efecto sobre la viscosidad; en el sistema HEFS el inóculo y la carga enzimática tuvieron efecto sobre la producción de etanol. Fue posible la producción de etanol mediante el uso de las enzimas degradantes de la pared celular para disminuirla viscosidad y mediante el uso de enzimas hidrolíticas de los gránulos de almidón.
Dispositivos móviles en la educación: tendencias e impacto para la innovación
Authors: Pascuas-Rengifo Yois Smith , García-Quintero John Arley , Mercado-Varela Martin Alonso
Published: June 2020

La innovación es fundamental para el desarrollo de nuevos productos que contribuyan a la generación de valor en la sociedad. Dentro de la educación, la integración de tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones ha posibilitado la innovación de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, como es el caso de la utilización de dispositivos móviles (M-Learning) dentro y fuera del salón de clase. En la presente investigación se analiza producción académica sobre la utilización de dispositivos móviles con fines educativos, privilegiando el análisis de las tendencias e impacto. Los principales hallazgos de esta investigación evidencian que la adaptación del M-Learning debe ser una prioridad dado que es la base para el desarrollo de otras estrategias como la realidad aumentada, realidad virtual, realidad mixta, gamificación, laboratorios virtuales y remotos, y la integración de la inteligencia artificial en pro de fortalecer los desafíos del sistema educativo.
Phosphorus leaching from pastures can be an environmental risk and even a significant fertiliser expense
Authors: Redding Matt R. , Ghani A. , Kear M. , O'Connor M. , Catto W.
Published: June 2020

While it is true that leaching is usually not a strong pathway for phosphorus (P) loss under many systems, is it true for all? Two studies reported in this paper sought to establish if significant phosphorus leaching can occur under normal pastoral production systems. Undisturbed-core lysimeters collected from a Wharekohe silt loam from Northland were treated with fertiliser P (reactive phosphate rock and superphosphate) then leached from August to November, 2005. In a second study, soil profiles under pasture for sheep/beef and dairy production in the catchments of the Rotorua lakes were sampled to depths of 1.5 m (28 sites), and soil Olsen P and P retention capacity index were determined down these profiles. Phosphorus losses from the Wharekohe soil to 25 cm depth were up to 33% of the P applied (superphosphate applications of 50 and 100 kg P/ha). Some Rotorua soils displayed enriched P concentrations at depth (to 1.5 m), often coupled with moderate or low P sorption capacities. If connectivity exists between leaching pathways and surface water bodies these observations indicate that alternative management strategies need to be developed and adopted for soils that leach significant quantities of P. The Wharekohe silt loam is one such soil. Keywords: phosphorus, leaching
Pasture production responses to fertiliser on renovated West Coast pakihi soils
Authors: Morton J.D. , Roberts A.H.C.
Published: June 2020

Mowing trials were carried out to determine the rates of fertiliser nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S) and frequency of application of K for maximum pasture production on extremely infertile humped and hollowed pakihi soils in the Grey Valley (Souters and Sommervilles dairy units), and flipped soils at Cape Foulwind (Bassetts dairy unit) under high annual rainfall (2000 - 3000 mm) on the West Coast. In the first measurement year, there was no significant increase in pasture production above 480 kg N/ha, 56 kg P/ha, 360 kg K/ha and 136 kg S/ha at Souters and Bassetts and a significant increase in pasture production up to 600 kg N/ha, 56 kg P/ha, 360 kg K/ha and 140 kg S/ha at Sommervilles. In the second year, there was no significant pasture production increase above 480 kg N/ ha, 56 kg P/ha, 360 kg K/ha and 136 kg S/ha at all sites. The high N, K and S rates were required because nutrients were not being recycled through returned clippings. This situation would be similar to the early stages of dairy management on these units where only a small proportion of pasture would receive recycled nutrients through return of excreta. Over time, a larger proportion of the pasture would be affected by excreta and fertiliser nutrient requirements would be expected to decrease. There was no increase in pasture production from applying potassium chloride in more than four applications per year at Souters and Bassetts in the first year, but a significant increase in pasture production from eight compared with four applications per year at Sommervilles, where soil QT (quick test) K levels were lower than at the other two sites. Keywords: flipped, hump and hollowed, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur
Can topdressing with salt increase oversowing success and pasture quality on steep, south facing slopes in hill country pastures?
Authors: Gillespie B.J. , Lucas R.J. , Moot D.J. , Edwards G.R.
Published: June 2020

Two experiments were conducted in sodium deficient (
The impact of the form and frequency of sulphur on pasture yield and composition in South Island high country
Authors: Craighead M.D. , Metherell A.K.
Published: June 2020

Sulphur trials were carried out in the hill and high country of the South Island from 1986/87 to 2000/01. Initial trials showed that sulphur fortified superphosphate fertilisers are more effective products than fine elemental sulphur and sulphur bentonite prills, both in terms of dry matter production and cost effectiveness. This is because Sulphur Super products contain sulphate sulphur and finer elemental sulphur. Sulphur Super Extra (28% S) was more effective in the short to medium term than Maxi Sulphur Super (50% S) largely because it contained more sulphate sulphur. It would be a more preferable option for development, particularly when used at above maintenance rates. It is preferable to apply these products on a biennial rather than a triennial basis to maximise dry matter, maintain better sward composition and to improve the chances of coinciding application with better growth conditions, most notably summer rainfall. Residual elemental sulphur oxidises with time, reducing the dependence on biennial application, although there is still a risk of temporary sulphur deficiency and a delay in response of clover to follow up topdressing if topdressing is left beyond 2 years. Herbage sulphur levels, in conjunction with observation of pasture composition and vigour are useful to indicate when sulphur fertiliser needs to be reapplied. Keywords: sulphate sulphur, elemental sulphur, sulphur bentonite prills, wet mix Sulphur Super, Maxi Sulphur Super, anaerobic nitrogen
Spatial distribution and rate of potential nitrification activity in two hill country pastures
Authors: Letica S.A. , Tillman R. , Littlejohn R. , Hoogendoorn C.J. , De Klein C.A.M. , Kemp P.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation into the effect of increasing fertiliser- and excreta-N inputs on the spatial distribution and rate of potential nitrification activity in hill country pasture land at two sites, Invermay and Ballantrae. High nitrification rates could potentially limit N efficiency by increasing N losses through leaching and denitrification. Nitrification potentials (NP) were measured in camp sites and medium slopes of hill country soils receiving 0 kg N and 500 kg N/ha/yr over the previous 18 months. Nitrification potential was determined by calculating the rate of nitrate production (mg NO3-N/kg soil/h) by linear regression of soil solution concentrations, versus time. Nitrification potential was significantly higher at Invermay than at Ballantrae, which was likely due to a significantly lower soil pH at Ballantrae. At Invermay, NP increased with fertiliser-N application rate and in camp site soils. The fertiliser N effect was not observed at Ballantrae. However, soil NO3-N and NP was significantly greater in soils from camp sites than for soils from medium slopes. Best management practices for fertiliser-N application in hill country should make allowances for these factors to maximise farm efficiency and profitability. Keywords: hill country, nitrification potential, nitrogen fertiliser, stock behaviour, excreta-N, mineral-N, New Zealand
The feed intake and liveweight responses of hinds and calves grazing leaf turnip or pasture during late lactation
Authors: Stevens D.R. , Corson I.D.
Published: June 2020

In breeding hind systems, summer is often a period when feed quality and quantity may compromise lactation in the hind and growth of the calf. The growth and feed intake of calves and hinds offered the leaf turnip Pasja were compared to those on a perennial pasture. Calves consumed 1.0 kg forage DM/head/d on pasture and 0.77 kg DM/d on Pasja. The higher digestibility of Pasja meant that the metabolisable energy intake of Pasja was only 1.7 MJ ME/head/d lower than pasture. Hinds grazing pasture consumed 4.8 kg DM/head/d compared with 3.7 kg DM/head/d when fed Pasja. The digestibility of the two diets was not significantly different resulting in an energy intake that was 13.2 MJ ME/d or 33% higher in pasture fed hinds. The weaning weight of calves was 58.3 and 55.2 kg on pasture and the Pasja crop respectively having gained 19.1 and 16.9 kg respectively. Using brassicas to shift feed of high quality from late spring into summer will be best suited to dry environments where the quantity and quality of pasture may not be able to meet the requirements of the lactating hind and her calf. Keywords: calf, digestibility, hind, intake, liveweight gain, stocking rate
Visible-NIR reflectance spectroscopy as a potential tool for management of soil phosphorus fertility in legume-based pasture in New Zealand
Authors: Kawamura K. , Mackay A.D. , Tuohy M. , Betteridge K. , Sanches I.D.
Published: June 2020

Increasing the current precision of nutrient management will need analytical tools that aid in collecting site specific data. A technology with potential is hyperspectral remote sensing. Modern, portable spectroradiometers permit reflectance data in the spectral region between 350 and 2500 nm to be collected quickly. With the limited sampling, handling, and processing required the technology also offers rapid turn around times, if calibrations can be developed. In this paper the findings of a pilot study examining the use of hyperspectral reflectance spectra of pasture to indirectly assess the phosphorus (P) status of the soil are presented and discussed. Spectral data were collected in spring 2004 and again in summer 2006 from a small area of each of 30 legume-based sheep grazed pasture plots that varied in soil P fertility (Olsen P 6-68 Î¼g/ml). Significant (P0.80). In an exploratory analysis using all the spectral waveband data, several paired-bands with high coefficients of determination (R2) were detected for pasture P and K content, but not for pasture N content, pasture growth rate or pasture dry matter content. The differences detected in pasture P content were consistent with the differences in soil P fertility measured by the Olsen P soil test, as indicated by the relationship between pasture P content and soil Olsen P in both 2004 (R2 = 0.90) and 2006 (R2 = 0.86). This pilot study needs to be broadened to examine other methodologies for interpreting the spectral data and extended to other pasture types and soil groups of varying soil fertility. Keywords: Olsen P, soil fertility, remote sensing, hyperspectral imaging, spatial variability, soil phosphate, plant phosphate
Forecasting fertiliser requirements of forage brassica crops
Authors: Wilson D.R. , Reid J.B. , Zyskowski R.F. , Maley S. , Pearson A.J. , Armstrong S.D. , Catto W.D. , Stafford A.D.
Published: June 2020

Fertiliser management is an important aspect of growing good forage brassica crops. Every crop has a different requirement, depending on soil fertility and the expected yield response. Systems were developed for forecasting how much fertiliser, and what types, to apply to individual kale and Pasja crops. First, yield responses to fertiliser application were measured in trials in diverse climates and soil fertility conditions. Yield responded strongly to N and P availability, there were few responses to K fertiliser application, and there were no responses to S application. Second, overall responses to the nutrient supply from soil and fertiliser sources were determined in a comprehensive across-trials analysis using the PARJIB model. R-squared values for correlations between actual yields and yields simulated with the PARJIB calibrations were 0.65 and 0.64 for Pasja and kale respectively. Finally, the results were programmed into new software systems (The Kale Calculator and The Pasja Calculator) that deliver a forecast for each crop of the types and amounts of fertiliser that will give the best economic return on the investment in fertiliser. Keywords: The Kale Calculator, The Pasja Calculator, fertiliser application, yield response, PARJIB analysis
Modelling liveweight performance in parasitised lambs under varying grazing rotation lengths
Authors: Louie K. , Boom C.J. , Vlassoff A. , Burggraaf V.T.
Published: June 2020

A dynamic model for nematode parasites in lambs which links their adult worm burden with decrease in liveweight gain has recently been developed. This model allows for individual lamb variability in response to parasite infection. We use this model to track the liveweight performance of a mob of weaned lambs under six different grazing rotation length scenarios. In all scenarios, lambs with a low worm burden were weaned onto parasite-free pasture. Post-weaning, lambs were either grazed in a 12-week, 8-week, 6-week, 4-week or 2-week grazing rotation, or set stocked. Scenarios were run for 24 weeks with no anthelmintic intervention. The 12-week and 8-week grazing rotation scenarios provided lower worm burdens, higher liveweight gains and lower variation between individual lambs than the other scenarios due to the delay in grazing self-contaminated pastures. For systems that use little or no anthelmintics, being able to provide 8 weeks or more of parasite-free pasture to weaned lambs is likely to provide substantial benefits in the form of higher liveweight gains with less variation between individuals. Keywords: grazing, lambs, liveweight, modelling, parasites
A preliminary study of the effects of lime application on levels of facial eczema spores in pasture
Authors: Grierson P.J.
Published: June 2020

This research was completed for school science fairs, to see whether agricultural lime affects facial eczema spore numbers. Lime was applied at various rates on grazed plots, and using the Pithomyces chartarum (L) spore count wash method, the effect of lime on spore counts was measured. The residual effect of recent and past lime applications up to 3 years old was also measured. Lime applied at 2.5 tonnes/hectare killed nearly all of the spores within 5-8 days and maintained levels below the danger level of 50 000 spores/g for several weeks (whilst spores were present). As well as this short term effect, 2007 spore counts on plots last treated with lime in 2006 and 2005 averaged 44 167 and 35 833 spores/g respectively which were well below the 2007 control plot counts, which averaged 123 333 spores/g pasture. In these experiments, lime was effective at reducing facial eczema spore numbers when applied at 2.5 t/ha, with up to 2 year's residual effect. Therefore tactical use of lime applications could potentially protect farmers and stock from the effects of facial eczema for up to 3 years. Keywords: facial eczema, lime, Pithomyces chartarum (L), sporidesmin
Nitrate leaching and productivity of some farming options in the Lake Taupo catchment
Authors: Betteridge K. , Hoogendoorn C.J. , Thorrold B.S. , Costall D.A. , Ledgard S.F. , Park-Ng Z.A. , Theobald P.W.
Published: June 2020

To farm efficiently within a nitrogen (N) cap, Taupo farmers need to know the relative N-leaching potential of existing and potential farming enterprises. We quantified production and N leaching in four 'cut and carry' cropping treatments (Trial 1), and two cattle grazing systems (Trial 2), in replicated trials over 3 years. Annual crop systems Triticale and Maize, which included annual ryegrass as a winter cover crop, leached 104 and 222 (1 year only) kg nitrate-N/ha respectively, while perennial crops Lucerne and Pasture leached 19 and 12 kg nitrate- N/ha/yr respectively. In grazing systems, removing cattle between May and August reduced N-leaching from 13 to 5 kg nitrate-N/ha/yr and could be achieved by strategic selling and buying, grazing-off, or using feed-pad systems. N-fertilised annual crops, can lead to high N leaching whereas in cattle grazing systems, strategic destocking over winter can greatly reduce N leaching. Some enterprise choices based on quantified N leaching data can now be made. Keywords: cropping, lucerne, maize, triticale, cattle grazing, nitrogen leaching, environment
Comparative environmental impacts of intensive all-grass and maize silage-supplemented dairy farm systems: a review
Authors: Williams I.D. , Ledgard S.F. , Edmeades G.O. , Densley R.J.
Published: June 2020

Abstract New Zealand dairy farmers are lifting stocking rates and increasing available feed through nitrogen (N) fertiliser applications to pasture, growing maize for silage and other supplementary crops for silage or grazing on-farm, and/or procuring feed supplements off-farm. This has raised concerns about the possibility of increased risk of nutrient losses to waterways and the atmosphere. This paper reviews NZ and overseas data on the integration of maize silage into dairy systems. Maize silage is a low protein forage which helps optimise animal protein intake and reduces N loss. Maize silage-supplemented dairy farms leached more nitrogen per hectare but less per kg milksolids (MS) than intensive all-grass systems. Feeding maize silage on a feedpad and spreading the resulting effluent uniformly over the farm further reduces N leaching. In the Resource Efficient Dairying (RED) trial, total emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O, a potent greenhouse gas) for the maize-supplemented farmlet was 14% lower on a per hectare basis and 22% lower on a kg MS basis than the all-grass system when both received 170 kg N/ha as urea. The increases in maize dry matter production in response to incremental additions of N and water, where production is constrained by these inputs, can be 2-3 times greater than that for pasture. Using a feed and stand-off pad and managing maize growing through minimising tillage effects, determining soil N status at planting and timing N applications appropriately further reduce the environmental impact of maize silage-based dairy systems. Keywords: all-grass, environment, greenhouse gases, intensive dairy systems, maize silage, nitrates
Effect of high nitrogen fertiliser applications on profitability within a lamb trading operation
Authors: Muir P. , Thomson B. , Brier B.
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to examine the economic response to high rates of N in a winter lamb trading operation and was an "add on" to a commercial lamb trading operation in Hawkes Bay. The general policy of the lamb trading operation was to purchase store lambs in autumn at 35 kg liveweight, rotationally graze through winter and early spring and draft for slaughter at 45 kg liveweight. Keywords: nitrogen fertiliser, lamb performance, farmlet trials, lamb finishing, cost effectiveness
Empirical Study on Personal Financial Literacy of University Students for Develop the Financial Education
Authors: Mändmaa Sirli
Published: June 2020

Earlier surveys showed students inadequate knowledge of personal finances and pointed out the need to develop financial education. Researchers had stated that female students tend to display a lower level of personal financial literacy than male students as they have lower self-confidence and less interest to learn about Personal Finance. This study used the data gathered from Estonian university students (210 women, 326 men) by survey questionnaire. The study focused on gender differences in financial knowledge and the choices and opinions that may affect financial literacy. Results showed that females who had chosen the math-based academic discipline had a higher level of financial literacy than male students did. Furthermore, 79% of women had the interest to improve their knowledge in Personal Finance and their self-confidence was slightly higher than male students. The results obtained give the direction for future research and enable it to enhance financial education.
SPLITTING HAIRS OVER HAIRSTYLES: A FORM OF RACIAL BIAS OR ENFORCEABLE GROOMING POLICIES?
Authors: A. McEvoy Dr. Sharlene
Published: June 2020

In the past few years, there has been a trend to pass legislation that bans employers and schools from creating and enforcing appearance policies that have a disproportionate impact on racial minorities. This paper examines the current state of the law on this issue.
Impact of Gas Discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean on Egypt-Israel Relations
Authors: Fouad Sayed Khaled Abdelhafez
Published: June 2020

The emergence of huge natural gas discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean represents a significant factor in changing the map of cooperation and conflict in the region. The article's main hypothesis is that the gas discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean have a significant geopolitical impact on the relations between Egypt and Israel. The article reviewed the hypothesis by examining the gas deal between Egypt and Israel and its consequences on the relations between both sides.
The article focuses on the geopolitical dimensions and economic feasibility of the Israeli gas deal on Egypt and the potential threats of the proposed Israeli East Med pipeline on Egypt.The article concludes that the massive quantities of natural gas reserves in the Eastern Mediterranean could act as important drivers for more partnerships and cooperation between Egypt and Israel and might lead to competition and conflicts between the two countries.
“MENJADI INDONESIA” DI TAHUN 1950-AN: SAUTI, TARI SERAMPANG XII, DAN KEBANGKITAN MELAYU DI SUMATRA UTARA
Authors: Hamdani Nasrul
Published: June 2020

Dalam sejarah Indonesia, tahun 1950-1963 disebut sebagai periode paling dinamis. Pada masa ini, integrasi nasional yang dilandasi asas Berdikari (akronim dari berdiri di atas kaki sendiri) sebagai “ideologi” utama dalam pembentukan ekonomi nasional, menasionalisasi perusahaan asing, dan menumpas pemberontakan daerah mulai terbentuk dengan jelas. Dalam proses ini, peran penggiat kebudayaan daerah menjadi penting terutama dalam usaha-usaha merepresentasikan daerah di tingkat nasional, sementara pada saat yang sama berhadapan dengan konflik kepentingan antara pusat dengan daerah. Dengan mengambil Sauti, tokoh penggiat kebudayaan Melayu, penelitian ini bertujuan memahami perjuangan Sauti dalam merepresentasikan kebudayaan Melayu sebagai produk “Kebudayaan Nasional”. Dengan pendekatan sejarah, sebagian besar data diperoleh melalui sumber-sumber dokumentasi dan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian ini ingin menunjukkan peran dan kontribusi Sauti yang menentukan dalam penyebarluasan Serampang XII. Namun dalam upaya itu, ia menghadapi tantangan dari sesama orang Melayu dan kesultanan Melayu yang menganggap dirinya sebagai pemilik kebudayaan besar Melayu.
9-Borobicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Terminal Aromatic Alkynes with Pinacolborane
Authors: Ruesch Garett , Rowley Sydney , Mifflin Marcus , Werner Nathan
Published: June 2020

Organoboron compounds are extensively used in organic synthesis. The alkenylboronic acid pinacol esters formed from the hydroboration reaction of alkynes with pinacolborane are stable, easy to handle, and useful in many synthetic transformations. However, pinacolborane lacks the reactivity necessary to undergo facile hydroboration reaction with terminal aromatic alkynes. 9-Borobicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN) can be used to catalyze the hydroboration reaction of phenylacetylene with pinacolborane. The hydroboration reaction parameters and product purification conditions were evaluated to maximize the yield of (E)-2-phenylethenylboronic acid pinacol ester. It was found that the optimal reaction conditions for the 9-BBN-catalyzed hydroboration of phenylacetylene with pinacolborane were: phenylacetylene (1.0 equiv), pinacolborane (1.2 equiv), 9-BBN (20 mol%), and THF [0.2] at 65 °C. The compatibility of these reaction conditions with p-substituted terminal aromatic alkynes bearing electronically diverse groups was studied. Moderate to good yield (49–76%) of the hydroboration products were isolated after purification by liquid-liquid extraction and flash chromatography.
KEYWORDS: Organic Synthesis; Catalysis; Methods Development; Hydroboration; Reaction Optimization; Alkenylboronic Ester; Alkyne; Pinacolborane; 9-Borobicyclo[3.3.1]nonane
Metal Sektöründe 5x5 Matris ve Fine-Kinney Yöntemi ile Risk Değerlendirmesi
Authors: AKER Aygül
Published: June 2020

İş sağlığı ve güvenliği konusu tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizdeki çalışma hayatı için de en önemli sorunlardan birisi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Yapılan istatistiklere göre, ülkemizde yaklaşık her 5 dakikada bir iş kazası meydana gelmekte, bu kazalar sonucunda her gün en az 2 çalışanımız hayatını kaybetmekte ve iş göremez şekilde sakat kalmaktadır. Metal sektörünün ülkemizde aktif bir imalat sektörü oluşu sebebiyle bu alanda kaza oranları ciddi oranda bir artış göstermekte olup, bu sektörde meydana gelen kazaların büyük çoğunluğu ölümle veya iş göremezlikle sonuçlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle firmalarda işverenlerin ve çalışanların bu sorunla ilgili bilinçlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Risk değerlendirmesi, işyerindeki risklerin önceden belirlenerek gerekli önlemlerin zamanında alınması ve bu şekilde kayıpların büyük ölçüde azaltılmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada metal imalatı yapan bir firmada belirlenen riskler analiz edilerek risk değerlendirme yöntemleri yardımıyla risk değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği çalışmalarında uygulama kolaylığı açısından da sıkça tercih edilen 5x5 Matris ve Fine-Kinney yöntemi ile karşılaştırmalar yapılarak iki yöntemin sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Karşılaştırma sonucuna göre Fine-Kinney yöntemi 5x5 matris yöntemine kıyasla daha hassas sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür.
Test-Taking Strategies and Reading Comprehension: A Correlational Investigation
Authors: Al-Khasawneh Fadi
Published: June 2020

There is an increasing interest of studies investigating the correlation between Test-Taking Strategies (TTSs) and reading comprehension achievement among EFL learners. The relationship between the aforementioned variables is still unclear and more studies are needed on this area. The major concern of this study is to examine the correlational relationship between the use of test-taking strategies and reading comprehension. The sample of this study included 64 undergraduate students majoring in English language in King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. The present research employed three instruments for data collection process; English Language Placement Test was used to distribute students according to their proficiency level, two reading passages taken from TOEFL reading comprehension tests, and a questionnaire adapted from Cohen and Upton (2007) asking about TTSs. The results of the present study illustrated that Saudi EFL students used test-taking strategies at a moderate level. There was no statistically significant correlation between test-taking strategies use and students’ achievement in reading comprehension test. There was also no significant differences between test-taking strategies and students; achievement in reading comprehension attributed to language proficiency level. Some pedagogical implications for EFL teachers were presented and discussed.
Perubahan Vokal Tinggi di Akhir Kata dalam Dialek Taiping dalam Kalangan Pelajar: Analisis Fonologi Generatif
Authors: Masa Noor Syamshida , Mohd Rusli Nur Farahkhanna , Md Adam Nur Faaizah
Published: June 2020

Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perubahan vokal tinggi di akhir kata dalam kalangan pelajar dalam dialek Taiping berdasarkan teori fonologi generatif (Chomsky & Halle, 1969). Data kajian diperolehi melalui kaedah kepustakaan, pemerhatian dan temu bual dengan bantuan alat perakam, Ujian Sebutan Lisan dan buku catatan. Informan yang dipilih dalam kajian ini merupakan 20 orang pelajar berbangsa Melayu yang tinggal di Taiping, Perak. Lokasi kajian pula adalah di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Simpang, Perak. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa perkataan yang mempunyai vokal tinggi /i/ dan /u/ di akhir kata akan direalisasikan sebagai [e] dan [o] seperti /bilik/ → [bileʔ], /ʧantik/ → [ʧanteʔ], /datuk/ → [datoʔ], /kukuh/ → [kukoh] dan sebagainya. Berdasarkan data ini, perubahan bunyi vokal tinggi yang berlaku menunjukkan bahawa vokal tinggi /i/ dan /u/ kehilangan fitur [+tinggi] dan akan direalisasikan sebagai vokal separuh tinggi [e] dan [o] melalui pelaksanaan rumus perendahan vokal di lingkungan suku kata akhir tertutup. Data ini kemudiannya dianalisis menggunakan teori fonologi generatif menggunakan rumus fitur distingtif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa vokal tinggi /i/ dan /u/ mempunyai ciri pembeza yang berlainan antara satu sama lain. Vokal tinggi /i/ mempunyai fitur [‒belakang], [+depan] manakala vokal /u/ mempunyai fitur [+belakang], [‒depan]. Berdasarkan rumus fitur distingtif Zaharani Ahmad (1993), rumus tersebut telah dikembangkan untuk menentukan fitur vokal separuh tinggi [e] dan [o] yang mempunyai ciri pembeza masing-masing untuk menerangkan perubahan vokal tinggi di akhir kata dalam dialek Taiping. Kajian ini telah dapat menjelaskan sebab perubahan vokal tinggi di akhir kata dalam dialek Taiping, iaitu disebabkan proses perendahan vokal tinggi di akhir kata.
Humanity’s Attitudes About Democracy and Political Leaders: Patterns and Trends
Authors: Anderson Christopher J. , Bol Damien , Ananda Aurelia
Published: June 2020

For decades, researchers have examined people’s beliefs across countries and time using national samples of citizens. In an era when geographic boundaries have become less powerful markers of differences across people and nation-states may no longer be the only relevant units of analysis for understanding politics, we seek to develop tools and insights that transcend national and regional boundaries. What do humans think about democracy and political leaders? How much do they disagree, and have their preferences changed over time? Existing research designs cannot answer these questions with precision because of uneven sampling of countries, regions, and years. Starting with the world as the unit of analysis and humans as the relevant population, we develop a new way to gauge public opinion on a global scale. Using surveys collected since 1994, we measure and then explore patterns and trends in human preferences for democratic government and political leaders.
Proposal of an Equal-Stiffness and Equal-Stroke 2D Micro-Positioning Platform Driven by Piezoelectric Actuators
Authors: Sun Feng , Hao Yansong , Xu Fangchao , Jin Junjie , Li Qiang , Tong Ling , Zhang Ming , Zhang Xiaoyou
Published: June 2020

Micro-positioning platform plays an important role in the field of precision positioning such as microelectronics, robotics and biomedicine. This paper proposes an equal-stiffness and equal-stroke 2D micro-positioning platform, which is driven by piezoelectric actuators. The overall structure of the 2D micro-positioning platform adopts a nested structure and the displacement magnification mechanism adopts two hourglass displacement magnification mechanisms. The displacement magnification ratio of the hourglass displacement magnification mechanism was studied, and its structural parameters were optimized. Static stiffness analysis and simulation analysis of the micro-positioning platform were carried out. The simulation stiffness of the micro-positioning platform in the XY direction is 46873 N/m and 46832 N/m respectively. The experimental prototype of the micro-positioning platform was built. Through the measurement experiment with the prototype, the maximum stroke of the micro-positioning platform in the XY direction is 489 μm and 493 μm respectively; the maximum coupling ratio in the XY direction is 2.38% and 2.70% respectively. The research indicates that the micro-positioning platform had the characteristics of small size, equal long stroke, equal stiffness and low coupling ratio in the XY direction.
A Method of Selecting the Number of Coordinates of a Vector Criterion in a Polyoptimal Decision-Making Process
Authors: Zak Bogdan
Published: June 2020

An important problem when formulating multicriteria optimization tasks is the selection of such a number of partial criteria that their meaning, number, and order correspond to the modeled decision situation. The paper proposes a method of selecting the number of criteria in polyoptimal decision-making process. The conditions of completeness, coherence, and nonredundancy that must be met by the vector criterion adopted for the assessment of the decision situation were discussed. Using these conditions, the principles of selecting the number of partial criteria in the vector criterion were specified, specifying the theorem on extending or reducing the scalar criterion. Using the formulated method, a vector quality criterion was selected for the task of controlling the movement of a sailing object. The method proposed in the work can be useful for modeling any decision-making situation in such issues as designing complex systems, controlling complex objects in conditions of uncertainty, and making decisions in other systems.
Mapping Climate Change, Natural Hazards and Tokyo’s Built Heritage
Authors: Brimblecombe Peter , Hayashi Mikiko , Futagami Yoko
Published: June 2020

Although climate change is well recognised as an important issue in Japan, there has been little interest from scientists or the public on the potential threat it poses to heritage. The present study maps the impact of emerging pressures on museums and historic buildings in the Tokyo Area. We examine a context to the threat in terms of fluctuating levels of visitors as a response to environmental issues, from SARS and COVID-19, through to earthquakes. GIS mapping allows a range of natural and human-induced hazards to be expressed as the spatial spread of risk. Temperature is increasing and Tokyo has a heat island which makes the city hotter than its surroundings. This adds to the effects of climate change. Temperature increases and a decline in relative humidity alter the potential for mould growth and change insect life cycles. The region is vulnerable to sea level rise, but flooding is also a likely outcome of increasingly intense falls of rain, especially during typhoons. Reclamation has raised the risk of liquefaction during earthquakes that are relatively frequent in Japan. Earthquakes cause structural damage and fires after the rupture of gas pipelines and collapse of electricity pylons. Fires from lightning strikes might also increase in a future Tokyo. These are especially relevant, as many Japanese heritage sites use wood for building materials. In parallel, more natural landscapes of the region are also affected by a changing climate. The shifting seasons already mean the earlier arrival of the cherry blossom and a later arrival of autumn colours and a lack of winter snow. The mapping exercise should highlight the spatial distribution of risk and the way it is likely to change, so it can contribute to longer term heritage management plans.
Defining Parallels between the Salivary Glands and Pancreas to Better Understand Pancreatic Carcinogenesis
Authors: Tiffon Céline
Published: June 2020

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant tumor with a dismal prognosis, largely due to its late presentation. Methods for early detection, the development of reliable screening tools, and the identification of sensitive and specific biomarkers have remained essential research priorities to improve early patient management and outcomes. The pancreas and salivary glands share histological and functional similarities, and the salivary glands have demonstrated a role in oral and systemic health. This review focuses on the similarities and differences between the pancreas and salivary glands and how these can inform our understanding of PDAC genesis and early diagnosis. In particular, chemical exposure, which alters salivary gland gene transcription and morphogenesis, may not only directly impact salivary gland regulation but alter pancreatic function via the systemic secretion of growth hormones. Diabetes and obesity are associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, and a link between chemical exposure and the development of diabetes, obesity, and consequently PDAC genesis is proposed. Possible mechanisms include altering salivary or pancreatic morphology and organ function, disrupting endocrine signaling, or altering pro-inflammatory homeostasis. Finally, saliva contains putative specific biomarkers that show promise as non-invasive diagnostic tools for PDAC.