bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of twin staple-core spun yarn with two points of yarn formation in one twisting process
Authors: Matsumoto Masakazu , Matsumoto Yo-ichi , Kanai Hiroyuki , Wakako Lina , Fukushima Kazunari
Published: April 2014

In order to diversify the structure of spun yarn as textile material and to develop novel composite spun yarn with good functionality, we investigated how to construct single yarn with a twin staple-core and sheath structure and/or adopt the production method of triplet spun yarn using an experimental ring spinning frame. Fundamentally, the unique spinning conditions were not only the arrangement and the distances of three rovings and the twist level of yarn, but also the types of staple fibers.

The following results were obtained: (1) by adopting the production method of triplet spun yarn with three rovings under the spinning condition with two differing roving distances, the yarn combining side-by-side and sheath-core structures could be constructed by two points of yarn formation and one twisting process without the device for controlling of spinning tension; (2) in the spinning method of twin staple-core spun yarn, it was necessary to control the difference between spinning tensions of the sheath layer and the twin staple-core layer with side-by-side structure under the spinning condition with the lower twist level of yarn and the greater difference between two roving distances; (3) for combining the twin staple-core and the sheath layers, it was important not only to control the greater length of drafted fiber strands for the sheath layer, but also to choose the cut length of the sheath and the core fibers.
The electromagnetic shielding and reflective properties of electromagnetic textiles with pores, planar periodic units and space structures
Authors: Xiao Hong , Shi Mei Wu , Wang Qun , Liu Qian
Published: April 2014

Examples are presented of three new methods for preparing electromagnetic (EM) textiles for a variety of applications. These are metalized textiles containing pores and meshes, textiles with planar periodic structures, and space-structured textiles. Firstly, an aluminum foil model with pores was prepared, then metalized textiles with pores, and finally silver-coated nylon net fabrics, and the relationship between shielding effectiveness (SE) and pore structure was studied. The size of the pores and the distance between them obviously influence the SE, and in particular the pores on the metalized fabrics decrease the SE. Secondly, the factors affecting the frequency selective surface (FSS) of the metal were analyzed and a FSS textile was prepared as a band-pass filter. The FSS fabric with non-conductive periodic units on the conductive fabric surface showed good resonance peaks. Finally, three types of space-structured EM textiles, including a plush fabric, a warp-knitted spacer fabric, and a velvet fabric were constructed using different conductive yarn blends. The EM reflection coefficient curves showed that these structures also obviously affected the EM properties. The three types of new EM fabrics were soft and light compared with traditional metallic EM devices. There is still, however, a long way to go to establish the exact relationship between the structure and EM properties of these new EM textiles.
The Theory Forum
Authors: Osnowitz Debra , Jenkins Kathleen E.
Published: April 2014

Common concerns in required theory courses are student disengagement when encountering difficult texts and hesitation to engage in theorizing. To address these challenges, we have developed an interactive exercise, which we call the theory forum. Students work in groups to develop questions from the perspective(s) of one or more theorists, and over two class sessions, the groups ask and respond to these questions. Here we outline procedures for conducting the theory forum, assess students’ experience of the exercise, and consider its adaptability in a variety of contexts.
Understanding the determinants of well-being and organizational attitudes during a plant closure: A Swedish case study
Authors: Stengård Johanna , Bernhard-Oettel Claudia , Näswall Katharina , Ishäll Lars , Berntson Erik
Published: April 2014

The present study investigated to what extent perception of closure management (informational justice, severance package satisfaction) as well as individual resources and barriers (employability, tenure) were associated with well-being and organizational attitudes during plant closure. This was studied in a sample of 129 Swedish workers in a plant undergoing closure. The results showed that those who felt communication to be fair reported higher well-being and more positive attitudes. Those who were satisfied with the severance package reported lower intention to leave but also felt fewer obligations towards the organization. Those with higher employability reported higher subjective health. The results also indicated that tenure moderated the relation between informational justice and felt obligations, and employability moderated the relation between severance package satisfaction and organizational attitudes. It can be concluded that closure management together with employees’ different resources and barriers are vital for organizational attitudes and well-being during the closedown process.
Nanoimmunoassay to Detect Responses in Head and Neck Cancer: Feasibility in a Mouse Model
Authors: Hubbard Matthew A. , Khalil Ashraf A. , Schoeff Stephen S. , Allak Amir , VanKoevering Kyle K. , Maxwell Anne K. , Adejumo Oluwayemisi , Mendez Rolando E. , Jameson Mark J.
Published: April 2014

Objective

To demonstrate the feasibility of detecting and quantifying extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK) phosphorylation status using nanoimmunoassay (NIA).

Study Design

Analyses using Cal27, SCC25, and OSC19 head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines in vitro and in a murine xenograft model.

Subjects and Methods

NIA and immunoblot were performed on whole‐cell lysates, tumor lysates, and fine‐needle aspirate biopsies to detect ERK phosphorylation states.

Results

Using NIA, all 6 isoforms of ERK1/2, including nonphosphorylated, monophosphorylated, and diphosphorylated species, could be reliably detected, distinguished, and quantified in a single assay using a single antibody. In vitro treatment of Cal27 cells with the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor gefitinib abolished phospho‐ERK detection by immunoblot but resulted in residual detectable species by NIA. Residual phospho‐ERK in gefitinib‐treated cells could be further reduced by the addition of the insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor inhibitor OSI‐906; this correlated with an additional decrease in proliferation over gefitinib alone. In a pilot study of 4 murine xenograft tumors, NIA performed on tumor lysates and fine‐needle aspirate biopsies demonstrated altered ERK profiles after 2 days of gefitinib treatment compared with untreated mice.

Conclusion

NIA offers a novel approach to quantitating the activation state of signaling molecules such as ERK in nanoscale in vitro and in vivo samples across a wide dynamic range. As such, it has potential to provide molecular diagnostic information before, during, and after treatment using a minimally invasive technique. Further study is warranted to determine its utility in assessing signaling proteins as biomolecular outcome predictors in clinical trials.
Nasogastric tube insertion followed by intravenous and oral erythromycin in refractory nausea and vomiting secondary to paraneoplastic gastroparesis: A case report
Authors: Franco Michael , Koulaeva Eugenia
Published: April 2014

Background:

Gastroparesis is an under-recognised cause of refractory nausea and vomiting in patients with malignancy. The most common aetiologies are paraneoplastic and postsurgical dysmotility. There are little data on the efficacy of treatment to direct the management of patients with this symptom. We present a case and brief summary of current literature.

Case presentation:

We present the case of a 72-year-old patient with metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pancreas with dehydration and renal impairment secondary to nausea and vomiting. Replacement of duodenal stent, gastroscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram and gastric motility studies revealed gastroparesis rather than mechanical obstruction.

Case management:

The patient was transferred to an inpatient palliative care unit for symptom management where a nasogastric tube was inserted, followed by intravenous erythromycin with excellent improvement in symptoms and oral intake. He was switched to oral erythromycin with ongoing effect.

Case outcome:

With stabilisation of symptoms and renal function, the patient was able to be discharged with maintenance of good symptomatic control.

Conclusions:

Further research is needed into the management of gastroparesis in palliative care patients. In particular, we suggest that initial drainage with a nasogastric tube followed by a course of erythromycin warrants further study.
The Preschool Early Literacy Indicators
Authors: Kaminski Ruth A. , Abbott Mary , Bravo Aguayo Katherine , Latimer Rachael , Good Roland H.
Published: April 2014

Assessment is at the center of a decision-making model within a Response to Intervention (RTI) framework. Assessments that can be used for universal screening and progress monitoring in early childhood RTI models are needed that are both psychometrically sound and appropriate to meet developmental needs of young children. The Preschool Early Literacy Indicators (PELI), an assessment tool developed for screening and for progress monitoring, was designed to incorporate psychometrically sound assessment practices within an authentic assessment format. The current study provides data on concurrent and predictive validity of the PELI as well as analyses leading to the development of preliminary benchmark goals on the PELI. The PELI demonstrates significant differences in performance by age and growth in early literacy and language skills across the preschool years. Correlations between the PELI and criterion measures of similar skills are moderate to strong and predictive probabilities with respect to outcome measures are moderate to strong.
Antleroma in a Free-ranging White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Authors: Munk B. A. , Garrison E. , Clemons B. , Keel M. Kevin
Published: April 2014

A 2-year-old male free-ranging white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) was diagnosed with bilateral expansile tumors of antler origin. The deer was found dead by a landowner in High Springs, Florida. Two roughly spherical, multilobular, broad-based, bony, velvet-covered masses originated from each antler pedicle. These masses replaced or displaced many of the bones and soft tissues of the skull and extended through the left cribriform plate and the right petrous temporal bone, compressing portions of the brain. Microscopically, the masses closely resembled normal-growing antler, containing all the elements thereof but with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage suggestive of ischemi or trauma. Tumorlike outgrowths termed antleromas have been described in free-ranging and captive cervids and typically are associated with disruptions in the seasonal rise and fall of circulating testosterone necessary for normal antler growth, casting, and regeneration.
Concurrent and Predictive Validity of the Student Engagement Instrument
Authors: Lovelace Matthew D. , Reschly Amy L. , Appleton James J. , Lutz Mary E.
Published: April 2014

The Student Engagement Instrument (SEI) is a self-report measure of cognitive and affective engagement with school. Prior SEI validation studies have focused primarily on construct validity through analyses of internal consistency, factor analysis, and measurement invariance. Results are presented here from a two-pronged study of the criterion validity of SEI scores. Using a middle school sample ( N = 35,900), concurrent validity was assessed through analyses of group differences in SEI scores across student subgroups expected to differ in cognitive and affective engagement levels: behaviorally disengaged versus non-disengaged, high-risk versus low-risk disability status, and high versus low academic achievement. Next, through multiple logistic regression analyses, the 4-year predictive validity of SEI scores for on-time graduation and dropout was assessed in a cohort of first-time ninth graders ( N = 11,588). Nearly all SEI factors demonstrated directionally consistent associations with each criterion, including considerable long-term predictive associations with both dropout and on-time graduation.
Clinical Practice Patterns in Hospitalized Patients at Risk for Invasive Candidiasis
Authors: Aitken Samuel L. , Beyda Nicholas D. , Shah Dhara N. , Palmer Hannah R. , Lasco Todd M. , Koo Hoonmo , Garey Kevin W.
Published: April 2014

Background: Rapid diagnostic tests for Candida are becoming available that may supplement traditional microbiological identification. Objective: Assess clinical practice patterns in patients with or at risk of candidiasis who may benefit from the use of rapid diagnostic tests. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of patients with candidemia or receiving systemic antifungals conducted at a university-affiliated tertiary care hospital. Time to initiation of therapy, Candida species, time to identification, and indications for antifungal use were assessed. Results: A total of 162 patients with candidemia aged 58 ± 17 years were identified. Average time to yeast identification yeast was 2.2 ± 1.3 days and varied by Candida species (range = 0.6-7.9 days). Average time for patient to start antifungal therapy was 3.5 ± 2.1 days. In Monte Carlo simulations, average time to initiation of antifungal therapy was 0.6 ± 0.2 days for T2Candida, 2.6 ± 1.3 days for PNA-FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization using peptide nucleic acid probes), and 2.5 ± 1.4 days for MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight). Use of T2Candida on the day of the blood culture collection resulted in 3136 to 6078 fewer doses of echinocandins annually per 5000 patients. Conclusion: Many interventions are possible for antifungal stewardship programs to improve care of patients at risk for systemic candidiasis, including rapid identification of yeast species and limiting unnecessary antifungal agents. Technology enabling rapid diagnosis of Candida will be paramount to appropriate, cost-effective treatment of patients with or at risk for candidiasis.
Empowering Self-Defense Training
Authors: Thompson Martha E.
Published: April 2014

The purpose of self-defense training is to expand people’s options, yet it is often framed as a solely physical, and limiting, response to violence. I draw on my own experience as a self-defense instructor and that of others in the self-defense movement to argue that an empowerment approach to self-defense training contributes to the anti-violence movement in multiple ways: providing a pathway to increase women’s and girls’ safety and their potential for becoming powerful and effective social change agents right now, providing an informed and embodied understanding of violence, and offering comprehensive options to recognize, prevent, and interrupt violence.
Helping pharmacists to reduce fall risk in long-term care
Authors: Rojas-Fernandez Carlos H. , Seymour Nicole , Brown Susan G.
Published: April 2014

Background:

One-third to one-half of adults older than 65 fall at least once per year. Fall prevention through medication management requires little effort and has consistently been shown to reduce risk of falls. The objective of this study was to further develop and perform preliminary pilot testing of an algorithm designed to assist consultant pharmacists in systematically identifying medications that might be modifiable, in order to reduce the risk of falls in older adults. We hypothesized that algorithm use would increase the number of fall-related medication change recommendations made to physicians.

Methods:

Four consultant pharmacists were trained to use the algorithm during their routine medication reviews over a 3-week period. An informal survey was administered at the end of the study period to assess the algorithm.

Results:

Overall, 51% of residents of long-term facilities had 1 or more recommendations for medication changes related to reducing fall risk (range 0-3 recommendations per resident), with an average 0.675 recommendations made per resident. There were more recommendations for men compared with women and for residents receiving more medications, but the number of recommendations did not correspond with age. All 4 pharmacists agreed that the algorithm was useful and worthwhile.

Discussion:

The absolute 20% increase in recommendations related to falls supports the study hypothesis. Time was cited as a barrier to using the algorithm, but this should decrease with continued use of this tool.

Conclusion:

This preliminary study furthered the development of and confirmed the possible utility and acceptability of a fall risk–reducing algorithm that may be used in practice.
Flashes and floaters
Authors: Newsom Richard , Simon Chantal
Published: April 2014

Patients commonly present to GPs because they have seen flashing lights in their visual fields. These symptoms can reflect long-standing degenerative processes or can be caused by acute sight- threatening eye disease or occasionally neurological disease. ‘Floaters’ are seen as dots or spots that ‘float’ in front of everything looked at by the person. They may occur alone or in association with flashes. This article aims to provide GPs with a strategy to separate those patients with flashes and/or floaters who simply require reassurance, from those who require referral to eye casualty or for neurological assessment.
A Novel Algorithm for Prediction and Detection of Hypoglycemia Based on Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Heart Rate Variability in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Cichosz Simon Lebech , Frystyk Jan , Hejlesen Ole K. , Tarnow Lise , Fleischer Jesper
Published: April 2014

Background:

Hypoglycemia is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. Early detection and prediction of hypoglycemia may improve treatment and avoidance of serious complications. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has previously been used for detection of hypoglycemia, but with a modest accuracy. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether a novel algorithm that adds information of the complex dynamic/pattern of heart rate variability (HRV) could improve the accuracy of hypoglycemia as detected by a CGM device.

Methods:

Data from 10 patients with type 1 diabetes studied during insulin-induced hypoglycemia were obtained. Blood glucose samples were used as reference. HRV patterns and CGM data were combined in a mathematical prediction algorithm. Detection of hypoglycemic periods, performed by the algorithm, was treated as a pattern recognition problem and features/patterns derived from HRV and CGM prior to each blood glucose sample were used to decide if that particular point in time was below the hypoglycemic threshold of 3.9 mmol/L.

Results:

A total of 903 samples were analyzed by the novel algorithm, which yielded a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 99%. The algorithm was able to detect 16/16 hypoglycemic events with no false positives and had a lead time of 22 minutes as compared to the CGM device.

Conclusions:

Detection accuracy and lead time were significantly improved by the novel algorithm compared to that of CGM alone.
Biomechanical Evaluation of a Knotless Barbed Suture Repair in a Human Achilles Tendon Rupture Model
Authors: Kanz Brian N. , Morris Randal P. , Lewis Taylor , Panchbhavi Vinod K.
Published: April 2014

Background. Knotless barbed sutures are seeing more common use in wound closures and small tendon repairs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strength and resistance to gap formation of these sutures in larger tendons, such as the Achilles, compared with conventional repair. Methods. Six matched pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaver Achilles tendons were transected to simulate a rupture. Six tendons were repaired using a double Bunnell over-the-top technique with Fiberwire, and the matched pairs were repaired using a double Bunnell knotless technique with barbed suture. The tendons were tested to failure and stiffness, peak failure load, percentage elongation, load at initial gap and load at 5-mm gap (clinical failure) were compared. Results. The mean peak failure load for the Fiberwire group (459 N) was significantly higher ( P = .029) compared with the barbed suture group (184 N). Percentage elongation at peak load was significantly lower in the barbed suture group ( P = .014), as was percentage elongation at initial gapping ( P = .007) and percent elongation at 5 mm of gapping ( P = .004). Conclusion. While the knotless barbed suture is attractive for its design and resistance to gap formation, low failure loads compared with conventional suture are concerning for large tendon repairs.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Bench testing
Crystal Structure of Pyridoxal Amino Methyl Phosphonic Acid (PYRAMPA) and Its Stability Constants with Al3+
Authors: Hamada Yahia Z. , Harris Wesley R. , Rath Nigam P.
Published: April 2014

The crystal structure of the newly synthesized ligand pyridoxal amino methyl phosphonic acid (PYRAMPA) from green materials in deionized water and methanol is presented. It took only two steps to prepare this new ligand. The ligands’ stability constants with Al3+ are also reported in aqueous solutions at 25 °C ± 0.1 °C. The ligand was introduced as part of our concerted efforts to identify and synthesize an orally effective aluminum sequestering agent due to the known toxic effect of aluminum in living organisms particularly humans. PYRAMPA is a multidentate ligand suitable to sequester aluminum with very high stability.
Hybridization of poly(rI) with poly(rC) adsorbed to the carbon nanotube surface
Authors: Karachevtsev Maksym V , Gladchenko Galyna O , Leontiev Victor S , Karachevtsev Victor A
Published: April 2014

Hybridization of homopolynucleotide poly(rC) adsorbed to the carbon nanotube surface with poly(rI) free in solution has been studied by absorption spectroscopy and molecular dynamics method. It was found that hybridization on the nanotube surface has a slow kinetics, the behavior of which differs essentially from fast hybridization of free polymers. The duplex obtained is characterized with the reduced thermostability and a lower hyperchromic coefficient than it was observed when the duplex was formed in the absence of the nanotube. These features point to the imperfectness in the structure of the duplex hybridized on the nanotube surface. Computer simulation showed that the strong interaction of nitrogen bases with the nanotube surface weakens significantly hybridization of two complementary oligomers, as the surface prevents the necessary conformational mobility of the polymer to be hybridized.
Outcomes of pregnant patients with low back pain undergoing chiropractic treatment: a prospective cohort study with short term, medium term and 1 year follow-up
Authors: Peterson Cynthia K , Mühlemann Daniel , Humphreys Barry Kim
Published: April 2014

Background

Low back pain in pregnancy is common and research evidence on the response to chiropractic treatment is limited. The purposes of this study are 1) to report outcomes in pregnant patients receiving chiropractic treatment; 2) to compare outcomes from subgroups; 3) to assess predictors of outcome.

Methods

Pregnant patients with low back or pelvic pain, no contraindications to manipulative therapy and no manual therapy in the prior 3 months were recruited.

Baseline numerical rating scale (NRS) and Oswestry questionnaire data were collected. Duration of complaint, number of previous LBP episodes, LBP during a previous pregnancy, and category of pain location were recorded.

The patient’s global impression of change (PGIC) (primary outcome), NRS, and Oswestry data (secondary outcomes) were collected at 1 week, 1 and 3 months after the first treatment. At 6 months and 1 year the PGIC and NRS scores were collected. PGIC responses of ‘better’ or ‘much better’ were categorized as ‘improved’.

The proportion of patients ‘improved’ at each time point was calculated. Chi-squared test compared subgroups with ‘improvement’. Baseline and follow-up NRS and Oswestry scores were compared using the paired t-test. The unpaired t-test compared NRS and Oswestry scores in patients with and without a history of LBP and with and without LBP during a previous pregnancy. Anova compared baseline and follow-up NRS and Oswestry scores by pain location category and category of number of previous LBP episodes. Logistic regression analysis also was also performed.

Results

52% of 115 recruited patients ‘improved’ at 1 week, 70% at 1 month, 85% at 3 months, 90% at 6 months and 88% at 1 year. There were significant reductions in NRS and Oswestry scores (p < 0.0005). Category of previous LBP episodes number at one year (p = 0.02) was related to ,improvement’ when analyzed alone, but was not strongly predictive in logistic regression. Patients with more prior LBP episodes had higher 1 year NRS scores (p = 0.013).

Conclusions

Most pregnant patients undergoing chiropractic treatment reported clinically relevant improvement at all time points. No single variable was strongly predictive of, improvement’ in the logistic regression model.
Segmentation of four-dimensional, X-ray computed tomography data
Authors: Gibbs John W , Voorhees Peter W
Published: April 2014

The rapidly improving temporal resolution of X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging methods makes it ever easier to do in-situ, time-resolved (4D) experiments. This work describes a method of segmenting 4D X-ray CT data that works well for extracting information on the interfacial properties, such as interfacial curvature and velocity. As an example of this method, a segmentation is performed on data from an isothermal coarsening experiment of an Al-Cu solid/liquid mixture.
Intraarterial transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells is more efficacious and safer compared with umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in a rodent stroke model
Authors: Karlupia Neha , Manley Nathan C , Prasad Kameshwar , Schäfer Richard , Steinberg Gary K
Published: April 2014

Introduction

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, claims six lives every 60 seconds, and is a leading cause of adult disability across the globe. Tissue plasminogen activator, the only United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug currently available, has a narrow therapeutic time window of less than 5 hours. In the past decade, cells derived from the human umbilical cord (HUC) have emerged as a potential therapeutic alternative for stroke; however, the most effective HUC-derived cell population remains unknown.

Methods

We compared three cell populations derived from the human umbilical cord: cord blood mononuclear cells (cbMNCs); cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells (cbMSCs), a subpopulation of cbMNCs; and cord matrix MSCs (cmMSCs). We characterized these cells in vitro with flow cytometry and assessed the cells’ in vivo efficacy in a 2-hour transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) rat model of stroke. cbMNCs, cbMSCs, and cmMSCs were each transplanted intraarterially at 24 hours after stroke.

Results

A reduction in neurologic deficit and infarct area was observed in all three cell groups; however, this reduction was significantly enhanced in the cbMNC group compared with the cmMSC group. At 2 weeks after stroke, human nuclei-positive cells were present in the ischemic hemispheres of immunocompetent stroke rats in all three cell groups. Significantly decreased expression of rat brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA was observed in the ischemic hemispheres of all three cell-treated and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group animals compared with sham animals, although the decrease was least in cbMNC-treated animals. Significantly decreased expression of rat interleukin (IL)-2 mRNA and IL-6 mRNA was seen only in the cbMSC group. Notably, more severe complications (death, eye inflammation) were observed in the cmMSC group compared with the cbMNC and cbMSC groups.

Conclusions

All three tested cell types promoted recovery after stroke, but cbMNCs showed enhanced recovery and fewer complications compared with cmMSCs.
Enhanced detection of faults using dip-steered multitrace similarity-computation techniques: Example using offshore Niger Delta 3D seismic data
Authors: Jibrin Babangida
Published: April 2014

Techniques for improved detection of faults have been applied to 3D seismic data acquired over the central parts of the deepwater Niger Delta. A volume containing the dips and azimuths of the traces was first computed directly from the data. The data were enhanced by applying filters to compute two structurally improved volumes containing localized and subregional dips and azimuths of the traces. Multitrace similarity was then computed using the seismic reflectivity and subregional dip data as input. The attributes highlighted an east-northeast–west-southwest-trending zone of high dips and low-similarity anomalies representing the location of a major zone of strike-slip faulting separating a northwest-southeast-trending zone of thrusting into two compartments. Faults in the northern compartment consist of forethrusts and backthrusts verging in opposite directions, whereas faults in the southern compartment verge basinward. If the quality of data had not been improved by using these techniques, the complex structural framework might not have been seen clearly.
OTC 2014 and offshore technology
Authors: Knobloch Charles
Published: April 2014

On 5–8 May 2014, the Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) will return to Houston, Texas, where it has been held annually since 1969. OTC is sponsored by 13 industry organizations and societies, of which SEG is one, which work cooperatively to develop the technical program each year. OTC is the world's foremost event for development of offshore resources in drilling, exploration, production, and environmental protection.
Is borderline personality disorder a mood
disorder?
Authors: Parker Gordon
Published: April 2014

Borderline personality disorder is by its very naming positioned as an Axis
II personality disorder and thus seemingly distinct from an Axis I mood
state. Clinical differentiation of those with a borderline condition and
those with a bipolar disorder is commonly held to be difficult, so raising
the question as to whether they may be independent or interdependent
conditions, and allowing several possible answers.
Confidence in the face of risk: the Risk Assessment and Management Self-Efficacy Study (RAMSES)
Authors: Delgadillo Jaime , Moreea Omar , Outhwaite-Luke Hannah , Dace Toby , Nicholls Brenda , Ramseyer Georgina , Dale Veronica
Published: April 2014

Aims and method

To evaluate a comprehensive risk management programme. A Risk Assessment and Management Self-Efficacy Scale (RAMSES) was used to evaluate the impact of a clinical guideline and training course. Fifty-three psychological therapists were randomly allocated to training v. waiting list in a controlled, delayed-intervention design. Differences in mean self-efficacy scores between groups were examined using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Results

The RAMSES measure had adequate factor structure, internal consistency and construct validity. When adjusting for baseline scores and cluster design, the group exposed to training had a higher mean self-efficacy score than controls. Mean differences between groups were not significant after the control group received training, nor at 6 months' follow-up.

Clinical implications

Exposure to training and clinical guidelines can improve self-efficacy in risk assessment and management. An important advance put forward by this study is the specification of areas of competence in risk assessment and management, which can be measured using a psychometrically sound tool.
Should psychology be ‘positive’? Letting the philosophers speak: Commentary on … Hope, optimism and delusion
Authors: Oyebode Femi
Published: April 2014

This is a brief commentary on the value of optimism in therapy. It draws on the philosophical writings of Schopenhauer and Aristotle. It suggests that the modern preoccupation with optimism may be as extreme as the bleak pessimistic outlook favoured by Schopenhauer.
Confirmation of the Mantle-Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index in Randomized Trials of the European Mantle-Cell Lymphoma Network
Authors: Hoster Eva , Klapper Wolfram , Hermine Olivier , Kluin-Nelemans Hanneke C. , Walewski Jan , van Hoof Achiel , Trneny Marek , Geisler Christian H. , Di Raimondo Francesco , Szymczyk Michal , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Thieblemont Catherine , Hallek Michael , Forstpointner Roswitha , Pott Christiane , Ribrag Vincent , Doorduijn Jeanette , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Dreyling Martin H. , Unterhalt Michael
Published: April 2014

Purpose

Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is a distinct B-cell lymphoma associated with poor outcome. In 2008, the MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI) was developed as the first prognostic stratification tool specifically directed to patients with MCL. External validation was planned to be performed on the cohort of the two recently completed randomized trials of the European MCL Network.

Patients and Methods

Data of 958 patients with MCL (median age, 65 years; range, 32 to 87 years) treated upfront in the trials MCL Younger or MCL Elderly were pooled to assess the prognostic value of MIPI with respect to overall survival (OS) and time to treatment failure (TTF).

Results

Five-year OS rates in MIPI low, intermediate, and high-risk groups were 83%, 63%, and 34%, respectively. The hazard ratios for OS of intermediate versus low and high versus intermediate risk patients were 2.1 (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.9) and 2.6 (2.0 to 3.3), respectively. MIPI was similarly prognostic for TTF. All four clinical baseline characteristics constituting the MIPI, age, performance status, lactate dehydrogenase level, and WBC count, were confirmed as independent prognostic factors for OS and TTF. The validity of MIPI was independent of trial cohort and treatment strategy.

Conclusion

MIPI was prospectively validated in a large MCL patient cohort homogenously treated according to recognized standards. As reflected in current guidelines, MIPI represents a generally applicable prognostic tool to be used in research as well as in clinical routine, and it can help to develop risk-adapted treatment strategies to further improve clinical outcome in MCL.
Later Stage at Diagnosis and Worse Survival in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Among Men Living Alone: A Nationwide Population-Based Study From Sweden
Authors: Eriksson Hanna , Lyth Johan , Månsson-Brahme Eva , Frohm-Nilsson Margareta , Ingvar Christian , Lindholm Christer , Naredi Peter , Stierner Ulrika , Carstensen John , Hansson Johan
Published: April 2014

Purpose

To investigate the association between cohabitation status, clinical stage at diagnosis, and disease-specific survival in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM).

Methods

This nationwide population-based study included 27,235 patients from the Swedish Melanoma Register diagnosed with a primary invasive CMM between 1990 and 2007 and linked data to nationwide, population-based registers followed up through 2012.

Results

After adjustment for age at diagnosis, level of education, living area, period of diagnosis, and tumor site, the odds ratios (ORs) of higher stage at diagnosis were significantly increased among men living alone versus men living with a partner (stage II v stage I: OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.57; stage III or IV v stage I: OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.79). The OR for stage II versus stage I disease was also increased among women living alone (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.28). After adjustments for the factors listed earlier, the CMM-specific survival was significantly decreased among men living alone (hazard ratio [HR] for death, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.33 to 1.65; P < .001). After additional adjustments for all potential and established prognostic factors, CMM-specific survival among men living alone versus men living with a partner remained significantly decreased (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.46; P < .001), suggesting a residual adverse effect on survival not accounted for by these parameters.

Conclusion

In all age groups among men, living alone is significantly associated with reduced CMM-specific survival, partially attributed to a more advanced stage at diagnosis. This emphasizes the need for improved prevention and early detection strategies for this group.
How Do Teachers Improve? The Relative Importance of Specific and General Human Capital
Authors: Ost Ben
Published: April 2014

One of the most consistent findings in the literature on teacher quality is that teachers improve with experience, especially in the first several years. This study extends this research by separately identifying the benefits of general teaching experience and specific curriculum familiarity. I find that both specific and general human capital contribute to teacher improvement and that recent specific experience is more valuable than distant specific experience. This paper also contributes to a broader literature on human capital acquisition, as it is among the first to examine human capital specificity using a direct measure of productivity. (JEL H75, I21, J24, J45)
Antarktica through tourist´s eyes
Authors: Адашова Татьяна , Adashova Tatyana
Published: April 2014

Questions related to tourism development in Antarctica, specifics of visit and excursions organization are considered in the article. Particular attention is paid to main types of tourist activity and popular touristic objects of harsh Antarctic continent. Ecological safely and prospects of Antarctic tourism development are considered.
Ethnic tourism as a factor of degeneration and saving of traditional cultural landscape
Authors: Исаченко Татьяна , Isachenko Tatyana
Published: April 2014

The author considers concept of ethnic tourism, analyzes correlations between development of ethnic tourism and preservation of traditional population settlement pattern, traditional nature management and traditional cultural landscape. The author represents two ways of the ethnic tourism organization. The first of them is "South-american" that promotes conservation of traditional culture and traditional landscape. The second one is "Asian" that leads to degradation of traditional culture and traditional landscape.
Open-Pit Block-Sequencing Formulations: A Tutorial
Authors: Lambert W. Brian , Brickey Andrea , Newman Alexandra M. , Eurek Kelly
Published: April 2014

A classical problem in the mining industry for open-pit mines involves scheduling the production of notional three-dimensional production blocks, each containing a predetermined amount of ore and waste. That is, given operational resource constraints on extraction and processing, we seek a net present value-maximizing schedule of when, if ever, to extract each block in a deposit. We present a version of the problem, which some literature refers to as (CPIT). This constrained ultimate pit limit problem (i.e., open-pit production-scheduling problem variant) produces a sequence of blocks to extract given minimum and maximum bounds on production and processing capacity, and geospatial precedences. Our tutorial demonstrates methods to expedite solutions for instances of this model through variable definition, preprocessing, algorithmic choice, and the provision of an initial feasible solution. As such, our paper is relevant for any mining practitioner interested in production scheduling, and any operations researcher interested in a basic introduction before extending the boundaries of algorithmic development in this area.
Equipment Selection for Surface Mining: A Review
Authors: Burt Christina N. , Caccetta Lou
Published: April 2014

One of the challenging problems for surface mining operation optimization is choosing the optimal truck and loader fleet. We refer to this problem as the equipment selection problem (ESP). In this paper, we describe the ESP in the context of surface mining and discuss related problems and applications. Within the scope of both the ESP and related problems, we outline modeling and solution approaches. Using operations research literature as a guide, we conclude by pointing to future research directions to improve both the modeling and solution outcomes for practical applications of this problem.
Introduction to the Interfaces Special Issue on Operations Research in Mining
Authors: Newman Alexandra , Weintraub Andres
Published: April 2014

This special issue in mining presents surveys and applications. Specifically, in the former category, the issue contains a tutorial on open-pit mine-scheduling models, a literature review on equipment selection, and a combination of a tutorial and literature review on ventilation systems in underground mining. In the latter category, the issue contains applications on open-pit mine scheduling, underground mine design, underground mine production scheduling, and logistics and mining.
Medium-Term Production Scheduling of the Lumwana Mining Complex
Authors: Smith Martin L. , Wicks Stewart J.
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we discuss our development of a life-of-mine production plan for Barrick Gold Corporation’s Lumwana operation, a large copper mining complex based on the Chimiwungo and Malundwe reserves. In our production plan, we maximize recovered copper metal based on a mixed-integer program (MIP) formulation with reserve aggregations that approximate those used in operational mine planning. We discuss the application of a MIP to medium-term planning based on a 60-month production schedule. Constraints on shovel placement, uranium levels in mill feed, stockpiling and mining, and processing capacity ensure that the resulting production schedules and resource allocation are operationally feasible. At Lumwana, our MIP solution strategies optimize the scheduling problem at two levels of time and production-volume granularity. A coarse solution based on annual production from aggregated reserve blocks sets the overall production strategy. This strategy is then imposed on a schedule of monthly production for the scheduling volumes used in actual production planning. This problem was not solvable as a single multiperiod monolith. Instead, we solved a sequence of overlapping multiperiod problems in which each subproblem advances the schedule horizon a given number of periods while fixing the solution to the initial periods of the previous subproblem. We solve multiple options relating to production capacity with a life-of-business optimization system (LOBOS) that we developed.
The Company That You Keep: When to Buy a Competitor's Keyword
Authors: Desai Preyas S. , Shin Woochoel , Staelin Richard
Published: April 2014

In search advertising, brand names are often purchased as keywords by the brand owner or a competitor. We aim to understand the strategic benefits and costs of a firm buying its own brand name or a competitor's brand name as a keyword. We model the effect of search advertising to depend on the presence or absence of a competitor's advertisement on the same results page. We find that the quality difference between the brand owner and the competitor moderates the purchase decision of both firms. Interestingly, in some cases, a firm may buy its own brand name only to defend itself from the competitor's threat. It is also possible that the brand owner, by buying its own branded keyword, precludes the competitor from buying the same keyword. Our result also implies that the practice of bidding on the competitor's brand name creates a prisoner's dilemma, and thus both firms may be worse off, but the search engine captures the lost profits. We also discuss the difference in our results when the search is for a generic keyword instead of a branded keyword. Finally, we find some empirical support for our theory from the observation of actual purchase patterns on Google AdWords.
A Network Perspective on Individual-Level Ambidexterity in Organizations
Authors: Rogan Michelle , Mors Marie Louise
Published: April 2014

Addressing the call for a deeper understanding of ambidexterity at the individual level, we propose that managers’ networks are an important yet understudied factor in the ability to balance the trade-off between exploring for new business and exploiting existing business. Analyses of 1,449 ties in the internal and external networks of 79 senior managers in a management consulting firm revealed significant differences in the density, contact heterogeneity, and informality of ties in the networks of senior managers who engaged in both exploration and exploitation compared with managers that predominately explored or exploited. The findings suggest that managers’ networks are important levers for their ability to behave ambidextrously and offer insights into the microfoundations of organizational ambidexterity.
Single-stage revision for fungal peri-prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Klatte T. O. , Kendoff D. , Kamath A. F. , Jonen V. , Rueger J. M. , Frommelt L. , Gebauer M. , Gehrke T.
Published: April 2014

Fungal peri-prosthetic infections of the knee and hip are rare but likely to result in devastating complications. In this study we evaluated the results of their management using a single-stage exchange technique. Between 2001 and 2011, 14 patients (ten hips, four knees) were treated for a peri-prosthetic fungal infection. One patient was excluded because revision surgery was not possible owing to a large acetabular defect. One patient developed a further infection two months post-operatively and was excluded from the analysis. Two patients died of unrelated causes.

After a mean of seven years (3 to 11) a total of ten patients were available for follow-up. One patient, undergoing revision replacement of the hip, had a post-operative dislocation. Another patient, undergoing revision replacement of the knee, developed a wound infection and required revision 29 months post-operatively following a peri-prosthetic femoral fracture.

The mean Harris hip score increased to 74 points (63 to 84; p < 0.02) in those undergoing revision replacement of the hip, and the mean Hospital for Special Surgery knee score increased to 75 points (70 to 80; p < 0.01) in those undergoing revision replacement of the knee.

A single-stage revision following fungal peri-prosthetic infection is feasible, with an acceptable rate of a satisfactory outcome.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:492–6.
Measurements of three-dimensional glenoid erosion when planning the prosthetic replacement of osteoarthritic shoulders
Authors: Terrier A. , Ston J. , Larrea X. , Farron A.
Published: April 2014

The three-dimensional (3D) correction of glenoid erosion is critical to the long-term success of total shoulder replacement (TSR). In order to characterise the 3D morphology of eroded glenoid surfaces, we looked for a set of morphological parameters useful for TSR planning. We defined a scapular coordinates system based on non-eroded bony landmarks. The maximum glenoid version was measured and specified in 3D by its orientation angle. Medialisation was considered relative to the spino-glenoid notch. We analysed regular CT scans of 19 normal (N) and 86 osteoarthritic (OA) scapulae. When the maximum version of OA shoulders was higher than 10°, the orientation was not only posterior, but extended in postero-superior (35%), postero-inferior (6%) and anterior sectors (4%). The medialisation of the glenoid was higher in OA than normal shoulders. The orientation angle of maximum version appeared as a critical parameter to specify the glenoid shape in 3D. It will be very useful in planning the best position for the glenoid in TSR.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:513–18.