bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trehalose as an Endogenous Reserve in Spores of the FungusMyrothecium verrucaria
Authors: Mandels G. R. , Vitols Rasma , Parrish Frederick W.
Published: January 2020

Mandels, G. R. (U.S. Army Natick Laboratories, Natick, Mass.),Rasma Vitols, and Frederick W. Parrish. Trehalose as an endogenous reserve in spores of the fungusMyrothecium verrucaria. J. Bacteriol.90:1589–1598. 1965.—Gross analysis ofMyrothecium verrucariaspores showed approximately 3% fat, 33% carbohydrate, and 9.5% nitrogen. The water-soluble carbohydrates were trehalose, glucose, mannitol, and an unidentified phosphorylated compound. Water-soluble amino acids include leucine or norleucine (or both), valine, γ-amino-n-butyric acid, β-amino-n-butyric acid, ergothionine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, aspartic acid, asparagine, cystine, and cystathionine. Ergosterol was also present. αα-Trehalose is the major reserve (20% of the dry weight), although approximately 30% of it appeared to be at the spore surface and was released by nonlethal treatment with 0.1nHCl. Treatment with toluene or exposure to heat sufficient to kill the spores (20 min at 60 C) caused rapid liberation of all of the trehalose. Although spores could utilize exogenous trehalose with no appreciable lag, some stimulus, such as exposure to heat (10 min at 55 C), incubation with azide, or germination on exogenous substrates, was necessary to effect utilization of trehalose reserves. Spores have trehalase, but it is apparently at the spore surface, since it is inactivated by acid treatment which does not kill the spores. The metabolic pathway for utilization of trehalose is not known, but presumably it is not mediated by trehalase. The involvement of mannitol is indicated, since it tends to increase as trehalose decreases, although the changes are not quantitatively equivalent.
Stability of β-Galactosidase Messenger Ribonucleic Acid inEscherichia coli
Authors: Ben-Hamida Fakher , Schlessinger David
Published: January 2020

Ben-Hamida, Fakher(Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo.),and David Schlessinger. Stability of β-galactosidase messenger ribonucleic acid inEscherichia coli. J. Bacteriol.90:1611–1616. 1965.—Synthesis of β-galactosidase stops within several minutes when preinduced, permeaseless cultures are diluted into medium containing 40 μg/ml of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) but no inducer. However, if inducer (isopropylthiogalactoside) is left in the medium, enzyme formation in the presence of 5-FU continues for at least 11 min. Thus, inducer may increase the differential metabolic stability of the corresponding messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA; defined as the capacity to produce measurable enzyme) in inducible strains. However, such an interpretation requires that 5-FU rapidly arrest the further synthesis of messenger RNA competent to form active enzyme. C14-5-FU, like uracil, does appear to enter cells without measurable lag, saturating the pool of uracil nucleotides, and thereby the messenger RNA being formed, within several minutes. That 5-FU acts very quickly is also supported by the similar continuation of enzyme synthesis in the presence of inducer and antibiotics (actinomycin D and proflavine) which shut off all RNA synthesis, as well as by the response to 5-FU of enzyme synthesis in various constitutive mutants.
Nonspecific Factors in Resistance of Mice to Experimental Tuberculosis
Authors: Youmans Guy P. , Youmans Anne S.
Published: January 2020

Youmans, GuyP. (Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill.),and Anne S. Youmans. Nonspecific factors in resistance of mice to experimental tuberculosis. J. Bacteriol.90:1675–1681. 1965.—In contrast to viable attenuated mycobacterial cells,Escherichia colilipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not produce an acute pulmonary granulomatous response in mice, did not decrease the tolerance of mice to early subsequent intravenous injections of viable attenuated mycobacterial cells, nor did it increase susceptibility to tuberculous infection when injected simultaneously with virulent mycobacterial cells. When the injection ofE. coliLPS was followed by the intravenous injection of virulent mycobacterial cells, there was a moderate increase in resistance to tuberculous infection which was maximal 7 to 14 days after the LPS injection. The degree of increased resistance to tuberculous infection was approximately the same as that produced by nearly maximal tolerated doses of heat-killed attenuated mycobacterial cells, and to that produced by a trichloroacetic acid extract of heat-killed attenuated mycobacterial cells. It is suggested that the major, if not entire, immunizing component of heat-killed attenuated mycobacterial cells resides in a heat-stable “nonspecific” component. A “multiple response” theory of immunity to tuberculosis is proposed.
Washing Bacteria by Centrifugation Through a Water-Immiscible Layer of Silicones
Authors: Hurwitz Charles , Braun Catherine B. , Peabody Richard A.
Published: January 2020

Hurwitz, Charles
(Veterans Administration Hospital, Albany, N.Y.),
Catherine B. Braun, and Richard A. Peabody
. Washing bacteria by centrifugation through a water-immiscible layer of silicones. J. Bacteriol.
90:
1692–1695. 1965.—A method is described which enables the separation of cells from aqueous suspension without altering the internal aqueous environment of the cells. The method consists of centrifuging the cells from the aqueous environment through a more dense, immiscible solvent consisting of a mixture of two silicones. A thin film of the aqueous environment equal to 7 × 10
−13
ml per cell remains with the bacteria during the separation procedure. The method by which this volume was determined is described. The procedure itself has no measurable effect on viability or permeability of the cells and permits recovery of about 90% of the cells from the aqueous environment. With this method, it has been found that the intracellular water volume of
Escherichia coli
ML 35 accessible to sucrose or inositol is 1.96 × 10
−12
ml ± 6%, or 85% of the total volume of the cell determined by visual measurement.
Differential Media for the Identification of
Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Knisely Ralph F.
Published: January 2020

Knisely, Ralph
F. (U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.). Differential media for the identification of
Bacillus anthracis
. J. Bacteriol.
90:
1778–1783. 1965.—Two new differential media for the identification of
Bacillus anthracis
are described. Phenethyl alcohol and chloral hydrate were used as selective ingredients. These media should aid in the differentiation of
B. anthracis
from
B. cereus
and, if used in conjunction with other differential tests, they should also differentiate
B. anthracis
from the majority of other aerobic sporeforming bacilli. These media might also be useful in the classification of
Bacillus
species.
Impairment of Temperate Bacteriophage Adsorption by Brief Treatment of
Escherichia coli
with Dilute Solutions of Ethylenediaminetetraacetate
Authors: Protass Jay J. , Korn David
Published: January 2020

Protass, Jay
J. (National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, Bethesda, Md.),
and David Korn
. Impairment of temperate bacteriophage adsorption by brief treatment of
Escherichia coli
with dilute solutions of ethylenediaminetetraacetate. J. Bacteriol.
91:
143–147. 1966.—Cells of
Escherichia coli
K-12 treated for 2 min with 2 × 10
−4
m
ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) are unable to adsorb the temperate bacteriophages λvir and 434 but show no impairment of their ability to adsorb T-even phages or T5. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that there are basic structural differences between the cell-wall receptors involved in the adsorption of the temperate and T classes of coliphages.
Fatty Acids Synthesized from Hexadecane by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Romero Ethel M. , Brenner Rodolfo R.
Published: January 2020

Romero, Ethel
M. (Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina),
and Rodolfo M. Brenner
. Fatty acids synthesized from hexadecane by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. J. Bacteriol.
91
:183–188. 1966.—The lipids extracted from
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
incubated with hexadecane in a mineral medium were separated into a nonpolar and three polar fractions by thin-layer chromatography. The fatty acid composition of the four cellular fractions and that of the lipids excreted into the medium was studied by gas-liquid chromatography. Saturated fatty acids with 14 to 22 carbons were recognized, together with monoenoic, dienoic, and hydroxylated acids. Hydroxylated fatty acids were principally found in two polar fractions containing rhamnose and glucose; the other polar fraction, containing serine, alanine, ethanolamine, and leucine, was richer in monoenoic fatty acids. Octadecadienoic acid was found in the neutral fraction.
Antiviral Action of Mouse Interferon in Heterologous Cells
Authors: Buckler Charles E. , Baron Samuel
Published: January 2020

Buckler, CharlesE. (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.),and Samuel Baron. Antiviral action of mouse interferon in heterologous cells. J. Bacteriol.91:231–235. 1966.—The antiviral action of mouse interferon in cell cultures of mouse, hamster, rat, chicken, and monkey origin was investigated. Using a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) plaque reduction test, we found that mouse serum interferon, assayed on closely related rat or hamster cells, exerted 5% of its homologous antiviral activity. This activity was characterized as interferon by its temperature of inactivation, trypsin sensitivity, nonsedimentability, stability atpH 2, lack of inactivation by antibody to virus, and inability to be washed off cells. In the more distantly related chicken and monkey cells, mouse interferon had less than 0.1% of its homologous activity. Conflicting reports of heterologous activity of chicken and mouse interferon preparations may result in part from the observed action of noninterferon inhibitors of vaccinia virus. These inhibitors, like interferon, are stable atpH 2. They are present in mouse serum, mouse lung extracts, and allantoic fluid, and they prevent the development of vaccinia plaques when allowed to remain in contact with cells during virus growth. Unlike interferon the inhibitors are removed by adequate washing of cells prior to virus challenge, and they are not active in the VSV assay system. These findings reemphasize the need for thorough characterization of interferon preparations.
Variation in Lipid Content of Strains of
Histoplasma capsulatum
Exhibiting Different Virulence Properties for Mice
Authors: Nielsen H. S.
Published: January 2020

Nielsen
, H. S.,
Jr.
(Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C.). Variation in lipid content of strains of
Histoplasma capsulatum
exhibiting different virulence properties for mice. J. Bacteriol.
91:
273–277. 1966.—Lipid content and virulence were studied in six isolates of
Histoplasma capsulatum
in an attempt to determine whether or not the two factors could be correlated in this fungus. Virulence was evaluated by injecting dba line 1 male mice intracerebrally with 2.8 × 10
4
infective yeast-phase units and recording organ involvement and spontaneous deaths occurring in a 20-day period. Yeast cells were extracted with mixtures of ethyl alcohol-diethyl ether (3:1, v/v), and the total extractable lipid, as determined by solubility in petroleum ether, was separated into acetone-soluble and phospholipid fractions by acetone precipitation. Neutral lipids were measured directly by weighing, whereas total phospholipids were calculated after the colorimetric determination of phosphorus. The mixed phosphatides of two isolates, differing in virulence, were separated into five fractions by use of a column of silicic acid and Hyflo Super-Cel. In the six isolates studied, neither total extractable lipid, acetone-soluble lipid, nor phospholipid showed a quantitative correlation with virulence. Phosphatidylserine, cephalin, phosphoinositides, and sphingolipids were present in essentially the same amounts in the two strains investigated; however, a lecithin fraction was absent in the less virulent form. These data suggest that the quantity of phosphatidylcholine demonstrated for a given isolate of
H. capsulatum
may provide some insight as to its virulence, although such a relationship is lacking for total lipid, the acetone-soluble fraction, and the combined phospholipids of yeast-phase growth.
Normal Serum Cytotoxicity for P32-Labeled SmoothEnterobacteriaceaeIII. Isolation of a γG Normal Antibody and Characterization of Other Serum Factors Causing P32Loss
Authors: Spitznagel John K.
Published: January 2020

Spitznagel, JohnK. (University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill). Normal serum cytotoxicity for P32-labeled smoothEnterobacteriaceae. III. Isolation of a γG normal antibody and characterization of other serum factors causing P32loss. J. Bacteriol.91:401–408. 1966.—Gram-negative bacteria lost metabolically incorporated P32when suspended in serum only if the serum contained heat-labile in addition to heat-stable factors. Gram-positive bacteria labeled with P32and included for comparison lost P32in heat-inactivated as well as in fresh normal serum. Further investigation of gram-negative bacteria showed that a smoothEscherichia coli(O117:H27) lost P32only if suspended in serum containing complement fractions C′1, C′2, C′3, and C′4 “normal” antibody and lysozyme. The normal antibody was recovered by absorption on and subsequent elution fromE. coliO117:H27 cell walls. Immunoelectrophoresis showed that it was a γG-globulin. Its P32-releasing activity was destroyed by 2-mercaptoethanol. Lysozyme was found to potentiate the P32-releasing action of normal antibody plus complement. Evidence was obtained suggesting that β1Cglobulin was the component absorbed to zymosan during serum absorption at 15 C. Reduction of the β1Clevel evidently upsets an important balance that exists in normal serum among complement, antibody, and lysozyme. This balance is essential for maximal P32release from labeled bacteria, or possibly for a maximal antibacterial effect from normal serum. The possible relationships of bactericidal, bacteriolytic, and opsonic action of normal serum are discussed.
Episome-Mediated Transfer of Drug Resistance in
Enterobacteriaceae
IX. Recombination of an R Factor with F
Authors: Watanabe Tsutomu , Ogata Chizuko
Published: January 2020

Watanabe, Tsutomu
(Keio University, Tokyo, Japan),
and Chizuko Ogata
. Episome-mediated transfer of drug resistance in
Enterobacteriaceae
. IX. Recombination of an R factor with F. J. Bacteriol.
91:
43–50. 1966.—R factors can be transduced in
Salmonella typhimurium
with phage P-22, and a majority of the drug-resistant transductants are unable to transfer their drug resistance by cell-to-cell contact, as we have previously reported. Several exceptional types of transductants of
S. typhimurium
, with the markers of resistance to sulfonamide, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol, were recently obtained by transduction with phage P-22 of a four-drug-resistance R factor carrying the markers of resistance to sulfonamide, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. They were exceptional in that they had low conjugal transferability of their drug resistance. When one of these exceptional transductants (38R) was transferred to an F
+
strain of
Escherichia coli
K-12, 38R acquired high transferability in its further transfer. This high transferability was found to be due to the recombination of 38R with F. Transductant 38R was of the
fi
+
(
fi
= fertility inhibition) type, and did not show superinfection immunity against
fi
+
and
fi
−
R factors. The recombinant 38R·F was genetically very stable and resistant to elimination with acridines. It did not show superinfection immunity against
fi
+
and
fi
−
R factors, but did show superinfection immunity against F. Further, 38R·F did not restrict a female-specific phage (W-31), unlike wild-type F. F
−
and R
−
segregants were isolated from this recombinant 38R·F, and these segregants exhibited genetic characteristics different from the original R, its transductant 38R, and wild-type F.
On the Mechanism of Action of the Antibiotic
O
-Carbamyl-
d
-Serine in
Streptococcus faecalis
Authors: Lynch Judith L. , Neuhaus Francis C.
Published: January 2020

Lynch, Judith
L. (Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.),
and Francis C. Neuhaus
. On the mechanism of action of the antibiotic
O
-carbamyl-
d
-serine in
Streptococcus faecalis
. J. Bacteriol.
91:
449–460. 1966.—The antibiotic
O
-carbamyl-
d
-serine, an analogue of
d
-alanine, is an inhibitor of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis. Growth of
Streptococcus faecalis
R in the presence of
O
-carbamyl-
d
-serine resulted in the accumulation of the cell-wall precursor uridine diphosphate-NAc-muramyl-
l
-alanyl-
d
-glutamyl-
l
- lysine (UDP-NAc-muramyl-
l
-ala-
d
-glu-
l
-lys). The incorporation of
d
-alanine from
l
-alanine into peptidoglycan is catalyzed by the sequential action of the following enzymes: (i) alanine racemase; (ii)
d
-alanine:
d
-alanine ligase [adenosine diphosphate (ADP)]; (iii) UDP-NAc-muramyl-
l
-ala-
d
-glu-
l
-lys:
d
-ala-
d
-ala ligase (ADP); (iv) phospho-NAc-muramyl-pentapeptide translocase [uridine monophosphate (UMP)].
O
-carbamyl-
d
-serine is an effective inhibitor of the alanine recemase (

K
i

= 4.8 × 10
−4
m
,
K
m
of
l
-alanine = 6.8 × 10
−3
m
). In addition,
d
-ala-
O
-carbamyl-
d
-ser was formed when
d
-alanine and
O
-carbamyl-
d
-serine were incubated with
d
-alanine:
d
-alanine ligase (ADP). This dipeptide was utilized by the UDP-NAc-muramyl-
l
-ala-
d
-glu-
l
-lys:
d
-ala-
d
-ala ligase (ADP) with the formation of UDP-NAc-muramyl-
l
-ala-
d
-glu-
l
-lys-
d
-ala-
O
-carbamyl-
d
-ser. From a consideration of the following results, i.e., (i) accumulation of UDP-NAc-muramyl-
l
-ala-
d
-glu-
l
-lys; (ii) absence of
d
-ala-
O
-carbamyl-
d
-ser accumulation in bacterial cultures grown in the presence of
O
-carbamyl-
d
-serine; and (iii) effective inhibition of the racemase, it was concluded that the first enzyme, the racemase, is the primary site of antibiotic action.
Growth Responses ofNeurospora crassato Increased Partial Pressures of the Noble Gases and Nitrogen
Authors: Buchheit R. G. , Schreiner H. R. , Doebbler G. F.
Published: January 2020

Buchheit, R. G.(Union Carbide Corp., Tonawanda, N.Y.),H. R. Schreiner, and G. F. Doebbler. Growth responses ofNeurospora crassato increased partial pressures of the noble gases and nitrogen. J. Bacteriol.91:622–627. 1966.—Growth rate of the fungusNeurospora crassadepends in part on the nature of metabolically “inert gas” present in its environment. At high partial pressures, the noble gas elements (helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) inhibit growth in the order: Xe > Kr> Ar ≫ Ne ≫ He. Nitrogen (N2) closely resembles He in inhibitory effectiveness. Partial pressures required for 50% inhibition of growth were: Xe (0.8 atm), Kr (1.6 atm), Ar (3.8 atm), Ne (35 atm), and He (∼ 300 atm). With respect to inhibition of growth, the noble gases and N2differ qualitatively and quantitatively from the order of effectiveness found with other biological effects, i.e., narcosis, inhibition of insect development, depression of O2-dependent radiation sensitivity, and effects on tissue-slice glycolysis and respiration. Partial pressures giving 50% inhibition ofN. crassagrowth parallel various physical properties (i.e., solubilities, solubility ratios, etc.) of the noble gases. Linear correlation of 50% inhibition pressures to the polarizability and of the logarithm of pressure to the first and second ionization potentials suggests the involvement of weak intermolecular interactions or charge-transfer in the biological activity of the noble gases.
Ribonucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis in
Rhizophlyctis rosea
Zoospores
Authors: LéJohn Herbert B. , Lovett James S.
Published: January 2020

LéJohn, Herbert B
. (Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.),
and James S. Lovett
. Ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in
Rhizophlyctis rosea
zoospores. J. Bacteriol.
91:
709–717. 1966.—The uniflagellate zoospores of
Rhizophlyctis rosea
display active motility and a high endogenous respiratory metabolism, but neither growth nor net ribonucleic acid (RNA) or protein synthesis can be measured by ordinary procedures. Nevertheless, synthesis can be detected with isotopic precursors. Uracil-

C
14

is incorporated slowly into both the soluble and ribosomal RNA. Analysis of zoospore extracts (on diethylaminoethyl cellulose columns or sucrose gradients) after various periods of labeling suggested that most of the uracil incorporation represents slow synthesis of ribosomal precursor RNA and, ultimately, ribosomes. Actinomycin D caused an 80% inhibition of uracil incorporation. The most rapidly labeled RNA was susceptible to extensive degradation in cells treated with actinomycin, but the percentage of stable RNA increased with the time of incorporation before addition of the antibiotic. Neither the effects of actinomycin nor the results of chase experiments have established unequivocally the existence of turnover or the presence of a short-lived “messenger” fraction in motile spores. Both leucine and methionine were slowly incorporated into a spectrum of cellular proteins. The methyl group of

C
14

-methylmethionine also served as a methyl donor for the methylation of soluble RNA but not of ribosomal RNA. The observations that some of the newly synthesized RNA and protein occur in the intact 82
S
ribosomes and that actinomycin inhibits the low level of protein synthesis provide some indirect evidence for a very low rate of “messenger” synthesis and turnover in zoospores.
Host AAA+ ATPase TER94 Plays Critical Roles in Building the Baculovirus Viral Replication Factory and Virion Morphogenesis
Authors: Li Yimeng , Hu Liangbo , Chen Tong , Chang Meng , Deng Fei , Hu Zhihong , Wang Hualin , Wang Manli
Published: January 2020

TER94 constitutes an important AAA+ ATPase that associates with diverse cellular processes, including protein quality control, membrane fusion of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum network, nuclear envelope reformation, and DNA replication. To date, little is known regarding the role(s) of TER94 in the baculovirus life cycle. In this study, TER94 was found to play a crucial role in multiple steps of baculovirus infection, including viral DNA replication and BV and ODV formation. Further evidence showed that the membrane fission/fusion function of TER94 is likely to be exploited by baculovirus for virion morphogenesis. Moreover, TER94 could interact with the viral early proteins LEF3 and helicase to transport and further recruit viral replication-related proteins to establish viral replication factories. This study highlights the critical roles of TER94 as an energy-supplying chaperon in the baculovirus life cycle and enriches our knowledge regarding the biological function of this important host factor.
The measurement of the $$H\rightarrow \tau \tau $$ signal strength in the future $$e^{+}e^{-}$$ Higgs factories
Authors: Yu Dan , Ruan Manqi , Boudry Vincent , Videau Henri , Brient Jean-Claude , Wu Zhigang , Ouyang Qun , Xu Yue , Chen Xin
Published: January 2020

The Circular Electron Positron Collider and the International Linear Collider are two electron-positron Higgs factories. They are designed to operate at a center-of-mass energy of 240 and 250 GeV and accumulate 5.6 and 2 $$ab^{-1}$$ab-1 of integrated luminosity. This paper estimates their performance on the $$H \rightarrow \tau ^{+}\tau ^{-}$$H→τ+τ- benchmark measurement. Using the full simulation analysis, the CEPC is expected to measure the signal strength to a relative accuracy of 0.8%. Extrapolating to the ILC setup, we conclude the ILC can reach a relative accuracy of 1.1% or 1.2%, corresponding to two benchmark beam polarization setups. The physics requirement on the mass resolution of the Higgs boson with hadronic decay final states is also discussed, showing that the CEPC baseline design and reconstruction fulfill the accuracy requirement of the $$H\rightarrow \tau ^{+}\tau ^{-}$$H→τ+τ- signal strength.
Anisotropic generalization of isotropic models via hypergeometric equation
Authors: Nasheeha R. N. , Thirukkanesh S. , Ragel F. C.
Published: January 2020

We study Einstein’s field equations to describe static spherically symmetric relativistic compact objects with anisotropic matter distribution, and generate two classes of exact solutions by choosing a generalized form for one of the gravitational potentials and a particular form for the measure of anisotropy. This is achieved by transforming the Einstein’s field equation to a hypergeometric equation. The generated models generalize the isotropic models of Durgapal–Bannerji, Tikekar and Vaidya–Tikekar. The physical viability of the model is examined and compared with observational results of strange star candidates.
A Novel Index for Prompt Prediction of Severity in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Bolatkale Mustafa , Acara Ahmet Cagdas
Published: January 2020

Objectives. Rapid risk stratification by emergency department (ED) physicians to evaluate patients with chest pain for predicting the short-term occurrence of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) is crucial. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) levels and compare with the modified heart score (m-HS) and stress testing to predict the severity of high-risk patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) in the ED. Methods. This study is prospective which included 316 patients with UAP and 316 control healthy subjects. The study took place from 01 April 2016, until 01 April 2017, in Medipol University. Result. The mean PLR levels in the UAP group were higher than those in the control group (p<0.001). The mean PLR of the m-HS ≥4 group was higher than that in the m-HS ≤3 group (p<0.001). The mean levels of PLR in the subgroups based on the stress testing positivity were higher than those in the stress testing negative subgroup (p<0.001). PLR levels were positively correlated with the m-HS, stress testing, and treatment decision in this study (r = 0.559; p<0.001; r = 0.582; p<0.001; r = 0.789; p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion. A positive correlation was determined with an increase in m-HS, treatment decision, and positive exercise testing as the PLR levels increased, indicating the severity of high risk of UAP in the ED.
Assessment of Quality of Life of Epileptic Patients in Ethiopia
Authors: Muche Esileman Abdela , Ayalew Mohammed Biset , Abdela Ousman Abubeker
Published: January 2020

Background. Patients with epilepsy are at an increased risk of poor quality of life. Purpose. We aimed at assessing the quality of life and its determinants among epileptic patients at University of Gondar Referral Hospital (UoGRH), Ethiopia. Methods. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on epileptic patients on follow up at UoGRH from January 15 to April 15, 2017. Information including socio-demographic profile and diagnosis was extracted from medical records and patients. Quality Of Life In Epilepsy-10 (QOLIE-10) tool was used to measure the quality of life. Independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to look for factors associated with quality of life. The level of statistical significance was declared at P-value ≤ 0.05. Results. A total of 354 patients were included in the study and mean age was 29.1 ± 11.7 years. The mean QOLIE-10 score was 19.85. One hundred ninety-four (54.8%) of participants had a good quality of life. Being illiterate, unemployment, and presence of co-morbid medical condition were associated with poorer quality of life. Conclusion. Nearly half of the participants had a poor quality of life. Patients with co-morbidity, illiteracy, and unemployment should be given special emphasis in order to improve their quality of life.
Serum Levels and Placental Expression of NGAL in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yin Xiaoqian , Huo Yan , Liu Li , Pan Yixing , Liu Suxin , Wang Runfang
Published: January 2020

Objectives. The aim was to investigate neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in the serum and term placentas and its potential role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods. A total of 49 GDM subjects and 39 age-matched women with normal pregnancies were recruited. We examined serum concentrations of NGAL and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in maternal blood and cord blood and their expression levels in the term placentas and umbilical cord.Results. Serum NGAL levels were significantly higher in GDM patients than in normal pregnant controls both in the maternal blood (4.80 ± 1.99 vs. 3.66 ± 1.13,P=0.001) and the cord blood (4.70 ± 2.08 vs. 3.85 ± 1.44,P=0.027). Moreover, serum NGAL levels exhibited a positive correlation with various parameters of insulin resistance. Maternal serum NGAL levels positively correlated with the NGAL levels found in the cord blood of the control (r = 0.399,P=0.012) and the GDM subjects (r = 0.349,P=0.014). Finally, the expression of NGAL protein levels in the placenta (1.22 ± 0.39 vs. 0.65 ± 0.23,P<0.001) and umbilical cord (0.65 ± 0.23 vs. 0.25 ± 0.10,P<0.001) were higher in GDM women than those noted in the control subjects. In the GDM group, maternal serum NGAL levels exhibited a positive correlation with placental NGAL mRNA and protein levels (r = 0.848,P=0.008;r = 0.636,P=0.011, respectively).Conclusions. NGAL may be an important adipokine involved in GDM and fetal development. The oversecretion of NGAL from the placenta may contribute to the elevated levels of serum NGAL in gestational diabetes mellitus.
Biogenic AgNPs—A Nano Weapon against Bacterial Canker of Tomato (BCT)
Authors: Noshad Asma , Iqbal Mudassar , Hetherington Crispin , Wahab Hassan
Published: January 2020

Bacterial canker of tomato caused by the bacterial pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) is a major limiting factor for tomato production worldwide. Currently there exists no resistant variety of tomato to bacterial canker; only cultural and chemical controls are available. This study synthesized AgNPs (silver nanoparticles) via a green chemistry route and investigated their bactericidal potential against bacterial canker of tomato (BCT). AgNPs were prepared using mycellial aqueous extract of agriculturally beneficial fungi Pythium oligandrum. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by using UV–Vis spectroscopy for the absorbance pattern while their morphology was investigated by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The X-ray diffraction profile for the biogenic AgNPs confirmed a crystalline structure with an average particle size of 12 nm. AgNPs treated seeds showed a normal germination rate with normal seedling growth. An in-vitro study found that the prepared AgNPs caused the maximum inhibition of the bacterial pathogen. In the greenhouse the introduction of AgNPs significantly prevents and inhibits the bacterial pathogen Cmm on tomato plants. These results suggest that this process is a strong candidate for industrial scale production of AgNPs. These particles act as an inhibitor and broad spectrum antibacterial agent against cmm, and hence offer a new and eco-friendly alternative in BCT control.
O elogio à cachaça
Authors: Messias Luana Costa Pierre de , Oliveira Filho Sergio Willian De Castro
Published: January 2020

Na segunda metade do século XIX alguns médicos do Corpo de Saúde da Armada brasileira redigiram relatórios a respeito das viagens que haviam participado em navios da Marinha do Brasil. Além de apresentar a descrição dos aspectos nosológicos das tripulações durante as viagens, os cirurgiões da Armada – nome pelo qual os médicos a serviço da Marinha eram chamados – expunham suas convicções médicas a respeito do modo ideal de manutenção da saúde dos militares diante das variadas adversidades impostas aos homens do mar quando em viagem. Tal atuação punha em destaque a importância e legitimava o saber médico na instituição, tornando os cirurgiões da Armada mais que sujeitos que se devotavam à cura, pois também possuiriam em seu repertório o controle dos corpos do pessoal da Marinha com vias à maximização de seu desempenho a bordo. Dentre os diversos aspectos tratados em tais relatórios médicos a respeito de práticas e comportamentos que possibilitariam saúde física e moral aos tripulantes, estava o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas por parte dos marinheiros, em especial a aguardente. Advogava-se que o moderado consumo da cachaça pelos homens do mar ante o trabalho exaustivo a que estavam expostos seria salutar, na medida em que sua composição era estimulante e reanimadora, além de necessária para o organismo em climas mais frios. Não obstante, tal elogio à cachaça não se tratava de uma ode ao prazer ou à sociabilidade que tal prática poderia proporcionar, mas sim um discurso que dava ao médico do navio o controle a respeito de tal consumo, o qual prescreveria a quantidade e o momento em que a “bebida espirituosa” deveria ser usada, de modo a ser útil à manutenção de corpos sãos, potencializando os benefícios à saúde humana. Tendo por mote teórico as abordagens da normatização dos corpos dos indivíduos e da ascensão do saber médico em Michel Foucault, tal comunicação discutirá o enfoque dado por cirurgiões da Armada brasileira ao consumo da aguardente pelos militares da Marinha no século XIX, especificamente nos relatórios das viagens: às nações banhadas pelo Oceano Pacífico, na Corveta Vital de Oliveira em 1876 pelos médicos Luiz Agapito da Veiga e Guilherme de Paiva Magalhães Calvet; de circum-navegação, na Corveta Vital de Oliveira entre 1879 e 1881 pelo médico Galdino Cícero de Magalhães; e às nações banhadas pelo Oceano Atlântico, no Cruzador Almirante Barroso em 1886 pelo médico Prudêncio Augusto Suzano Brandão.
A Corte Joanina no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Viana Junior Fernando Santa Clara
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho objetiva discutir a emergência de novos hábitos alimentares na capital fluminense, expressos pelos classificados do primeiro impresso brasileiro, a Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 1808-1821. Por meio do método de análise proposto pela pesquisadora Laurence Bardin, na obra Análise de Conteúdo (1977), buscamos identificar e apontar a emersão de produtos, bens e serviços nos classificados do impresso que sejam caros ao cotidiano alimentar das elites à época. Em paralelo a esta análise, contextualizaremos os feitos ligados ao Rei e seu séquito no período de estada da corte lusa no Brasil, rastreando alguns caminhos relacionados às modificações nas sensibilidades alimentares no período. Assim, ingredientes estrangeiros, louças importadas, produtos a la europeia, cozinheiros d’além-mar, negras escravizadas treinadas em cozinha e outros enunciados que se relacionem com a alimentação são parte do arsenal de análise. Outro viés de observação relaciona-se com a oferta de dados produtos, o custo e os sentidos atribuídos a eles frente à sociedade de grosso trato local.

O recorte repousa no período em que a corte lusa esteve no Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 1808 e 1821. Tal escolha está ligada diretamente à emergência de novos padrões de convivência, ao choque entre os padrões que já faziam parte da sociedade aristocrata brasileira e à emergência de hábitos criados em decorrência deste contato. Assim, conhecer os produtos alimentares anunciados nos classificados do impresso é possibilitar à História revisitar uma parte do passado e descortinar mais um possível olhar sobre o período.

O jornal foi fundado, junto à Imprensa Régia, em 13 de maio de 1808. Suas edições eram publicadas duas vezes por semana, às quartas e aos sábados, contando ainda com edições extraordinárias. Além do cotidiano local, o jornal versava sobre as decisões administrativas reais e o cenário internacional; nos classificados, tratava da venda, da compra e da oferta de um sem-fim de produtos e serviços, caros ao contexto do período. Este foi um dos vieses que subsidiaram a construção de um séquito local nos moldes do Antigo Regime à brasileira, para sustentar uma condução que se configurava e que ganhava novas dinâmicas à época.
Eat the street
Authors: Teubner Melina
Published: January 2020

Female street vendors were a common sight in cities worldwide in the first half of the 19th century. Fields of history like women’s history have dealt with the role of these street vendors in European cities. In recent decades, female street vendors have also been studied by a number of Brazilian scholars, who have shed light on urban slavery, domestic slavery and other forms of unfree labor. These studies commonly focus on community building among urban slaves and the formation of a West African diaspora. All around the globe female street vendors were (and still are) not merely passive victims of marginalization, but capable actors, who created a gendered niche of economic opportunity, through the capitalization of their cooking and vending skills. The popularity of female hawkers was closely connected to their being women.

Until now, few studies explore the food stalls in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the first half of the 19th century as special places of consumption within a global perspective. Street food gave rise to a working-class consumer culture. This study aims to focus on the social, material and imaginary aspects of these vending places. What role did they play within the consumer culture of Rio de Janeiro? What food did they provide? What was the communication between vendors and customers like? These questions are especially interesting to ask against the background of Rio de Janeiro’s intensive sociocultural transformation in the years between 1830 and 1860, after the official prohibition of the transatlantic slave trade.

Places of food consumption such as the Paris-style restaurant (representative of luxury dining) and taverns (representative of more commonplace, popular restaurants) saw a great increase in the first half of the 19th century.

Analyzing food stands as places of food consumption offers the possibility to break up the narrative of the male centered public sphere and show that women especially played a crucial role in providing 19th century cities with food. Daily newspapers, contemporary descriptions by foreign visitors and social novels demonstrate in an excellent manner the contemporary discourse of eating out, the dishes that were served, who consumed these dishes and female vendors in a global perspective.

The paper argues that eating out was not only a necessity for some, but also a form of entertainment comparable to professional theater plays. Food stands were places were gender roles, prejudices against foreign food and sexual honor were negotiated. Since cooking is one of the most time-consuming types of labor in history the paper combines food history with labor history and demonstrates public eating as a special form of entertainment.
A transformação de alimentos tradicionais em produtos simbólicos
Authors: Cruz Bianca Silva da , Moreira Lertiane Maria Lima
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Atualmente a gastronomia nacional e mundial vive um momento de valorização e certificação de seus ingredientes tradicionais, a fim de se destacarem e sobreviverem em um mercado industrial cada vez mais competitivo. No Brasil, o Queijo Canastra é um exemplo disso. Nosso objetivo, então, é expor o processo que transformou o queijo artesanal produzido na Serra da Canastra em um símbolo gastronômico e cultural.

Metodologia: Por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico, foi feito um estudo de caso sobre o Queijo Canastra. Na bibliografia, buscamos dados sobre a história de Minas Gerais, sua ocupação e produção queijeira, além de expor e discutir os elementos mais relevantes na transformação do Queijo Canastra, de um alimento tradicional/rural para um produto gastronômico.

Resultados: Neste trabalho destacamos quatro questões que juntas propiciaram a ressignificação do Queijo Canastra. A primeira expõe a chancela do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan) nesse produto, decorrente do processo de registro do Modo Artesanal de Fazer Queijo Minas, que na prática atesta a tradição e a importância cultural desse alimento para o país. A segunda questão trata do reconhecimento desse queijo como um produto de terroir, ou seja, um produto cujos aspectos únicos advindos daquela região em conjunto com o trabalho artesanal o tornam diferenciado e passível de ações de salvaguarda. A terceira disserta sobre a obtenção da Indicação de Procedência, uma certificação utilizada para assegurar a tradição em relação ao modo de preparo e comercialização do produto. Por fim, a quarta analisa as ações de marketing desenvolvidas por um grupo de produtores do Queijo Canastra, respaldadas nas certificações conquistadas, cujo intuito era fazer a promoção desse queijo e torná-lo valorizado perante a gastronomia e a sociedade. Assim, analisando essas questões conjuntamente, verificam-se relações contraditórias, que se estabelecem através de interesses distintos e nem sempre convergentes. É possível afirmar, por ora, que os benefícios advindos desses processos de valorização do queijo não são equitativamente distribuídos entre os agentes que participam dele.

Contribuição: Este trabalho tem um potencial de contribuição teórica às diferentes áreas que abrangem os estudos sobre alimentação, incluindo as ciências sociais e a história, visto que, ao analisar um dos caminhos de transformação dos alimentos tradicionais em produtos valorizados monetária e simbolicamente, é possível registrar um pouco das mudanças sociais que vêm ocorrendo na gastronomia brasileira e na forma de nos alimentarmos. Além disso, as observações acerca das contradições levantadas em nosso estudo podem servir para pensar os casos de alimentos tradicionais que tem passado por processos semelhantes de valorização.
Computed Tomography Perfusion Identifies Patients With Stroke With Impaired Cardiac Function
Authors: Garcia-Esperon Carlos , Spratt Neil J. , Gangadharan Shyam , Miteff Ferdinand , Bivard Andrew , Lillicrap Thomas , Tomari Shinya , Levi Christopher R. , Parsons Mark W.
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose—

Low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) leads to worse outcomes after stroke. We hypothesized that the arterial input function (AIF) variability on perfusion computed tomography, especially the time between scan onset and end of AIF (SO-EndAIF), would reflect reduction of cardiac output.

Methods—

Retrospective analysis of consecutive stroke patients, who underwent computed tomography between January 2013 and September 2018, was performed in 2 parts. (1) To determine the correlation between SO-EndAIF and LVEF, all patients with a transthoracic echocardiogram performed ±6 months from the time of stroke were included. LVEF was dichotomized as either normal (≥50%) or decreased (<50%). (2) AIF was compared with hypoperfusion volume, defined as delay time >3 seconds and with clinical outcome measured using 3-month modified Rankin Scale.

Results—

A total of 732 ischemic stroke patients underwent computed tomography, 231 with transthoracic echocardiogram were included in part (1), 393 with outcome data were included in part (2). In part (1), 193/231 (83.5%) had normal LVEF (median 61%) and 38/231 (16.5%) decreased LVEF (median 39%). The low-LVEF group had significantly prolonged SO-EndAIF compared with normal-LVEF group (mean of 39.7 versus 26 second;
P
<0.001), and larger hypoperfusion lesions (94.9 versus 37.6 mL;
P
<0.001). SO-EndAIF time was strongly associated with EF, with an area under the curve of 0.86. Twenty nine seconds was the best threshold to distinguish between normal and impaired EF (area under the curve, 0.77). In part (2), the SO-EndAIF ≥29 second group had larger hypoperfusion volumes (21.8 versus 89.7 mL;
P
<0.001) and infarct core (12.2 versus 2.3 mL;
P
<0.0001) and patients with SO-EndAIF ≥29 seconds had fewer excellent or good clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score 0–1; 40% versus 22%; OR, 2.79;
P
<0.001, modified Rankin Scale score 0–2; 65% versus 35%; OR, 1.41;
P
=0.033).

Conclusions—

AIF width correlates with ejection fraction in acute ischemic stroke. A 29-second threshold from scan onset to end of AIF accurately predicts reduced LVEF and identifies patients more likely to have worse outcomes after stroke.
Revision of New Caledonian species of Eumolpinae described by K. M. Heller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: GÓMEZ-ZURITA JESÚS
Published: January 2020

The Chrysomelidae of New Caledonia are rich and unique, but insufficiently characterized. New species are being rapidly described, sometimes without careful study of the earlier taxonomic research. Karl M. Heller (Dresden, Germany) described in 1916 seven species of Eumolpinae which are redescribed here to distinguish them from other known species and to provide new information about sexual dimorphism and genitalic structures. New material is used to redefine their distribution. The males of Dematochroma lepros (Heller, 1916) and D. culminicola (Heller, 1916), and the female of D. difficilis (Heller, 1916) are described for the first time. Male and female genitalia are first described for seven and five species, respectively. D. difficilis (Heller, 1916) stat. rev., is revalidated from previous synonymy with D. terastiomerus (Heller, 1916). Lectotypes are designated for D. humboldtiana and D. terastiomerus.
Description of the immature stages of Trichocorixa mendozana Jaczewski (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Corixidae)
Authors: KONOPKO SUSANA AMANDA , MAZZUCCONI SILVIA ANA , BACHMANN AXEL OSCAR
Published: January 2020

The egg and the instars I, IV, and V of Trichocorixa mendozana are described and illustrated for the first time. The eggs of Trichocorixa have a very short basal stalk; those of T. mendozana are bigger than those of T. kanza and T. sexcincta. The main characters separating the instars I, IV, and V of T. mendozana are: the head width; the number of transverse sulcations of the rostrum; the number of spines on the anterior surface of the metafemur; and the grade of development of the wing pads. The nymphs of T. mendozana and T. verticalis sellaris can be separated on the basis of the head (instar V) and body (instars I, IV–V) widths. In nymphs V of T. mendozana, T. orinocoensis, T. reticulata reticulata, T. verticalis sellaris, and T. verticalis verticalis, the following measurements and ratios distinguish species or group of species of Trichocorixa: the body length; the ocular index; the ratio between the body length and the head width; the ratio between the distance and the diameter of the apertures of the second and third scent glands; and the number of spines on the anterior surface of metafemur.
A glimpse of undiscovered insect diversity: A collection of 150 new taxa of insects (cover)
Authors: ANDERSON R. , BICKEL D. J. , BROWN J. W. , BUFFINGTON M. , FERY H. , FORRESTER J. , GALL L. F. , GILKA W. , JOHNSON K. , KONDRATIEFF B. C. , KLIMASZEWSKI J. , MAJKA C. , MALIPATIL M. , MARTIN J. H. , MORSE J. C. , MOUND L. A. , NIHEI S. S. , PERKINS P. D. , RASMUSSEN C. , RENTZ D. , SALLES F. F. , SCHAEFER C. , SINCLAIR B. J. , SMITH A. B. T. , WANG Q. , ZHANG ZHI-QIANG
Published: January 2020

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Review of the lady beetle genus Phaenochilus Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Chilocorini) with description of a new species from Thailand that preys on cycad aulacaspis scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Diaspididae)
Authors: GIORGI JOSÉ ADRIANO , VANDENBERG NATALIA J.
Published: January 2020

Species of the genus Phaenochilus are reviewed, keyed, and illustrated, and an annotated checklist provided. A newspecies, Phaenochilus kashaya n. sp., is described from Thailand. This species feeds on an invasive pest of cycads, thecycad aulacaspis scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Diaspididae). The economic importance of cycads and cycad aulacaspis scale is discussed. A taxonomic history of Phaenochilus is provided.