bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responses of Coagulant Type, Dosage and Process Conditions to Phosphate Removal Efficiency from Anaerobic Sludge
Authors: Kim Dae Wook , Yu Sung Il , Im Kyuyong , Shin Juhee , Shin Seung Gu
Published: February 2022

Phosphorus, a crucial component of life, may cause eutrophication if it is discharged untreated into the aquatic ecosystem. Phosphate (PO43-) may exist at an elevated level in anaerobic digestion (AD) effluents and can lead to the clogging of pipes by forming struvite crystals. This study was conducted to assess the responses of coagulant type, dosage and process conditions to phosphate removal efficiency from anaerobic sludge. The experiments were performed in two steps. First, a sensitivity test was conducted to compare five coagulant types (alum, poly-aluminum chloride (PAC), FeCl2, FeCl3 and PAC + FeCl3) at standard coagulation conditions. The results showed that PAC would be the best coagulant among the tested, while a combination of PAC and FeCl3 may be beneficial under circumstances. Second, an optimization study was performed for PAC using response surface methodology employing central composite design. Among the three independent variables (coagulant dosage, slow mixing duration and agitation speed), the dosage was the sole significant variable for phosphate removal efficiency, while the other two had limited effects. A future study to optimize the rapid mixing conditions would give additional insights into the process. The results of this study may be useful to design a process to counteract phosphate discharges from AD plants, as well as to reduce the risks of pipe clogging and maintenance problems due to crystalline struvite formation in the later stage of AD.
Factors Worsening and Mitigating the Consequences of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Overall Health of Informal Caregivers of Older People with Long-Term Care Needs Living in Germany and in Italy
Authors: Santini Sara , Socci Marco , Fabbietti Paolo , Lamura Giovanni , Teti Andrea
Published: February 2022

Population ageing and the higher prevalence of multimorbidity in later life are increasing the demand for Long-Term Care (LTC) worldwide; this has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. As in Europe and beyond, the bulk of care for frail older people is carried out by informal caregivers. This study aimed at understanding the factors affecting the overall worsening health of informal caregivers of older people with LTC needs living in Germany and Italy during the outbreak. To this purpose, 319 informal caregivers (149 in Germany and 173 in Italy) were surveyed online in 2020–2021. A logistic regression analysis was performed by country, to obtain an adjusted estimate of the risk of worsening of caregivers’ health. This risk increased by 42% for German caregivers compared to Italian ones, despite the former receiving more formal services. This may depend on different quality standards of LTC services and caregivers’ expectations, and on differing policies concerning migrant care workers (MCWs) during the outbreak, who could not enter Germany and were “trapped” at care recipients’ homes in Italy. Results call for in-home care reforms and policies guaranteeing more effective caregiver support, home care services and fairer working condition for MCWs in both countries.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Based Treatment in Dental Medicine: A Narrative Review
Authors: Smojver Igor , Katalinić Ivan , Bjelica Roko , Gabrić Dragana , Matišić Vid , Molnar Vilim , Primorac Dragan
Published: February 2022

Application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in regenerative therapeutic procedures is becoming an increasingly important topic in medicine. Since the first isolation of dental tissue-derived MSC, there has been an intense investigation on the characteristics and potentials of these cells in regenerative dentistry. Their multidifferentiation potential, self-renewal capacity, and easy accessibility give them a key role in stem cell-based therapy. So far, several different dental stem cell types have been discovered and their potential usage is found in most of the major dental medicine branches. These cells are also researched in multiple fields of medicine for the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarized dental MSC sources and analyzed their treatment modalities with particular emphasis on temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA).
Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Emerging Therapies for Chemotherapy Resistant TNBC
Authors: Ferrari Paola , Scatena Cristian , Ghilli Matteo , Bargagna Irene , Lorenzini Giulia , Nicolini Andrea
Published: February 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with high recurrence rates, high incidence of distant metastases, and poor overall survival (OS). Taxane and anthracycline-containing chemotherapy (CT) is currently the main systemic treatment option for TNBC, while platinum-based chemotherapy showed promising results in the neoadjuvant and metastatic settings. An early arising of intrinsic or acquired CT resistance is common and represents the main hurdle for successful TNBC treatment. Numerous mechanisms were uncovered that can lead to the development of chemoresistance. These include cancer stem cells (CSCs) induction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, hypoxia and avoidance of apoptosis, single factors such as tyrosine kinase receptors (EGFR, IGFR1), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10), and a few pathological molecular pathways. Some biomarkers capable of predicting resistance to specific chemotherapeutic agents were identified and are expected to be validated in future studies for a more accurate selection of drugs to be employed and for a more tailored approach, both in neoadjuvant and advanced settings. Recently, based on specific biomarkers, some therapies were tailored to TNBC subsets and became available in clinical practice: olaparib and talazoparib for BRCA1/2 germline mutation carriers larotrectinib and entrectinib for neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusion carriers, and anti-trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) antibody drug conjugate therapy for heavily pretreated metastatic TNBC (mTNBC). Further therapies targeting some pathologic molecular pathways, apoptosis, miRNAS, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), and androgen receptor (AR) are under investigation. Among them, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and EGFR inhibitors as well as antiandrogens showed promising results and are under evaluation in Phase II/III clinical trials. Emerging therapies allow to select specific antiblastics that alone or by integrating the conventional therapeutic approach may overcome/hinder chemoresistance.
Genome-Wide DNA Methylation in Policemen Working in Cities Differing by Major Sources of Air Pollution
Authors: Honkova Katerina , Rossnerova Andrea , Chvojkova Irena , Milcova Alena , Margaryan Hasmik , Pastorkova Anna , Ambroz Antonin , Rossner Pavel , Jirik Vitezslav , Rubes Jiri , Sram Radim J. , Topinka Jan
Published: February 2022

DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression, and it can serve as a useful biomarker of prior environmental exposure and future health outcomes. This study focused on DNA methylation profiles in a human cohort, comprising 125 nonsmoking city policemen (sampled twice), living and working in three localities (Prague, Ostrava and Ceske Budejovice) of the Czech Republic, who spent the majority of their working time outdoors. The main characterization of the localities, differing by major sources of air pollution, was defined by the stationary air pollution monitoring of PM2.5, B[a]P and NO2. DNA methylation was analyzed by a genome-wide microarray method. No season-specific DNA methylation pattern was discovered; however, we identified 13,643 differentially methylated CpG loci (DML) for a comparison between the Prague and Ostrava groups. The most significant DML was cg10123377 (log2FC = −1.92, p = 8.30 × 10−4) and loci annotated to RPTOR (total 20 CpG loci). We also found two hypomethylated loci annotated to the DNA repair gene XRCC5. Groups of DML annotated to the same gene were linked to diabetes mellitus (KCNQ1), respiratory diseases (PTPRN2), the dopaminergic system of the brain and neurodegenerative diseases (NR4A2). The most significant possibly affected pathway was Axon guidance, with 86 potentially deregulated genes near DML. The cluster of gene sets that could be affected by DNA methylation in the Ostrava groups mainly includes the neuronal functions and biological processes of cell junctions and adhesion assembly. The study demonstrates that the differences in the type of air pollution between localities can affect a unique change in DNA methylation profiles across the human genome.
Antitumor Effect of Regorafenib on MicroRNA Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Takuma Kei , Fujihara Shintaro , Fujita Koji , Iwama Hisakazu , Nakahara Mai , Oura Kyoko , Tadokoro Tomoko , Mimura Shima , Tani Joji , Shi Tingting , Morishita Asahiro , Kobara Hideki , Himoto Takashi , Masaki Tsutomu
Published: February 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Regorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, is used as a second-line treatment for advanced HCC. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of the antitumor effect of regorafenib on HCC and evaluate altered microRNA (miRNA) expression. Cell proliferation was examined in six HCC cell lines (HuH-7, HepG2, HLF, PLC/PRF/5, Hep3B, and Li-7) using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Xenografted mouse models were used to assess the effects of regorafenib in vivo. Cell cycle analysis, western blotting analysis, and miRNA expression analysis were performed to identify the antitumor inhibitory potential of regorafenib on HCC cells. Regorafenib suppressed proliferation in HuH-7 cell and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and cyclin D1 downregulation in regorafenib-sensitive cells. During miRNA analysis, miRNA molecules associated with the antitumor effect of regorafenib were found. Regorafenib suppresses cell proliferation and tumor growth in HCC by decreasing cyclin D1 via alterations in intracellular and exosomal miRNAs in HCC.
Modeling and Targeting Neuroglial Interactions with Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Models
Authors: Bigarreau Julie , Rouach Nathalie , Perrier Anselme L. , Mouthon Franck , Charvériat Mathieu
Published: February 2022

Generation of relevant and robust models for neurological disorders is of main importance for both target identification and drug discovery. The non-cell autonomous effects of glial cells on neurons have been described in a broad range of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, pointing to neuroglial interactions as novel alternative targets for therapeutics development. Interestingly, the recent breakthrough discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has opened a new road for studying neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders “in a dish”. Here, we provide an overview of the generation and modeling of both neuronal and glial cells from human iPSCs and a brief synthesis of recent work investigating neuroglial interactions using hiPSCs in a pathophysiological context.
Calebin A, a Compound of Turmeric, Down-Regulates Inflammation in Tenocytes by NF-κB/Scleraxis Signaling
Authors: Mueller Anna-Lena , Brockmueller Aranka , Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B. , Shakibaei Mehdi
Published: February 2022

Calebin A (CA) is one of the active constituents of turmeric and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Excessive inflammation and cell apoptosis are the main causes of tendinitis and tendinopathies. However, the role of CA in tendinitis is still unclear and needs to be studied in detail. Tenocytes in monolayer or 3D-alginate cultures in the multicellular tendinitis microenvironment (fibroblast cells) with T-lymphocytes (TN-ME) or with TNF-α or TNF-β, were kept without treatment or treated with CA to study their range of actions in inflammation. We determined that CA blocked TNF-β-, similar to TNF-α-induced adhesiveness of T-lymphocytes to tenocytes. Moreover, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting showed that CA, similar to BMS-345541 (specific IKK-inhibitor), suppressed T-lymphocytes, or the TNF-α- or TNF-β-induced down-regulation of Collagen I, Tenomodulin, tenocyte-specific transcription factor (Scleraxis) and the up-regulation of NF-κB phosphorylation; thus, its translocation to the nucleus as well as various NF-κB-regulated proteins was implicated in inflammatory and degradative processes. Furthermore, CA significantly suppressed T-lymphocyte-induced signaling, similar to TNF-β-induced signaling, and NF-κB activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα (an NF-κB inhibitor) and IκB-kinase activity. Finally, inflammatory TN-ME induced the functional linkage between NF-κB and Scleraxis, proposing that a synergistic interaction between the two transcription factors is required for the initiation of tendinitis, whereas CA strongly attenuated this linkage and subsequent inflammation. For the first time, we suggest that CA modulates TN-ME-promoted inflammation in tenocytes, at least in part, via NF-κB/Scleraxis signaling. Thus, CA seems to be a potential bioactive compound for the prevention and treatment of tendinitis.
Semantic Residual Pyramid Network for Image Inpainting
Authors: Luo Haiyin , Zheng Yuhui
Published: February 2022

Existing image inpainting methods based on deep learning have made great progress. These methods either generate contextually semantically consistent images or visually excellent images, ignoring that both semantic and visual effects should be appreciated. In this article, we propose a Semantic Residual Pyramid Network (SRPNet) based on a deep generative model for image inpainting at the image and feature levels. This method encodes a masked image by a residual semantic pyramid encoder and then decodes the encoded features into a inpainted image by a multi-layer decoder. At this stage, a multi-layer attention transfer network is used to gradually fill in the missing regions of the image. To generate semantically consistent and visually superior images, the multi-scale discriminators are added to the network structure. The discriminators are divided into global and local discriminators, where the global discriminator is used to identify the global consistency of the inpainted image, and the local discriminator is used to determine the consistency of the missing regions of the inpainted image. Finally, we conducted experiments on four different datasets. As a result, great performance was achieved for filling both the regular and irregular missing regions.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Additively Manufactured by Electron Beam Melting with 3D Part Nesting and Powder Reuse Influences
Authors: Wanjara Priti , Backman David , Sikan Fatih , Gholipour Javad , Amos Robert , Patnaik Prakash , Brochu Mathieu
Published: February 2022

To better support the transition to more industrial uses of additive manufacturing, this study examined the use of an Arcam Q20+ industrial 3D printer for producing heavily nested Ti-6Al-4V parts with both in-specification (IS) and out of specification (OS) oxygen content in reused grade 5 powder chemistries. Both the OS and IS powder chemistries were evaluated to understand their impact on build integrity and on static and fatigue performance. The results from our evaluations showed that controlling the bed preheat temperature in the Q20+ to relatively low values (326–556 °C) was effective in limiting microstructural coarsening during the long build time and enabled adequate/balanced performance vis à vis the tensile strength and ductility. Overall, the tensile properties of the IS Ti-6Al-4V material in the as-built and machined states fully met the requirements of ASTM F2924-14. By contrast, the ductility was compromised at oxygen levels above 0.2 wt.% (OS) in Ti-6Al-4V produced by EBM. Removal of the surface layer by machining increased the consistency and performance of the IS and OS Ti-6Al-4V materials. The fatigue behaviour of the EBM Ti-6Al-4V material was in the range of properties produced by casting. Due to the strong influence of both the surface finish and oxygen content on the fatigue strength, the IS Ti-6Al-4V material exhibited the highest performance, with results that were in the range of parts that had been cast plus hot isostatically pressed.
Assessment of a New Copper-Based Formulation to Control Esca Disease in Field and Study of Its Impact on the Vine Microbiome, Vine Physiology and Enological Parameters of the Juice
Authors: Mondello Vincenzo , Lemaître-Guillier Christelle , Trotel-Aziz Patricia , Gougeon Régis , Acedo Alberto , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe , Adrian Marielle , Pinto Cátia , Fernandez Olivier , Fontaine Florence
Published: February 2022

Copper-based preparations have been used for more than 100 years in viticulture to control downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola. LC2017, and a new low-copper-based formulation, has been developed to control grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). Previous greenhouse studies showed the potential of LC2017 to control GTDs by both fungistatic and plant defense elicitor effects. Here, we further characterize the effects of LC2017 in the field determining its impact on: (i) incidence of Esca, (ii) the vine microbiome, (iii) the vine physiology and (iv) enological parameters of juices. We observed a progressive decrease of cumulate Esca incidence in treated vines over the years with annual fluctuation related to the known erratic emergence of GTD symptoms. Neither harmful effects of LC2017 on the vine microbiota, nor on vine physiology were observed (at both transcriptomic and metabolomic levels). Similarly, no impact of LC2017 was observed on the enological properties of berries except for sugar content in juice from esca-diseased vines. The most important result concerns the transcriptomic profiles: that of diseased and LC2017 treated vines differs from that of disease untreated ones, showing a treatment effect. Moreover, the transcriptomic profile of diseased and LC2017-treated vines is similar to that of untreated asymptomatic vines, suggesting control of the disease.
Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Novel and Extant Taxa in Pleosporales Associated with Mangifera indica from Yunnan, China (Series I)
Authors: Yang Er-Fu , Tibpromma Saowaluck , Karunarathna Samantha C. , Phookamsak Rungtiwa , Xu Jian-Chu , Zhao Zhen-Xiong , Karunanayake Chathurika , Promputtha Itthayakorn
Published: February 2022

Pleosporales is the largest fungal order with a worldwide distribution in terrestrial and aquatic environments. During investigations of saprobic fungi associated with mango (Mangifera indica) in Baoshan and Honghe, Yunnan, China, fungal taxa belonging to pleosporales were collected. Morphological examinations and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, SSU, rpb2 and tef1-α loci were used to identify the fungal taxa. A new genus, Mangifericomes; four new species, namely Mangifericomes hongheensis, Neomassaria hongheensis, Paramonodictys hongheensis, and Paramonodictys yunnanensis; and six new host and country records, namely Byssosphaeria siamensis, Crassiparies quadrisporus, Paradictyoarthrinium aquatica, Phaeoseptum mali, Torula fici, and Vaginatispora amygdali, are introduced. Photoplates, full descriptions, and phylogenetic trees to show the placement of new and known taxa are provided.
Application of Whole Exome Sequencing and Functional Annotations to Identify Genetic Variants Associated with Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Lin Min-Rou , Chang Che-Mai , Ting Jafit , Chang Jan-Gowth , Chou Wan-Hsuan , Huang Kuei-Jung , Cheng Gloria , Chang Hsiao-Huang , Chang Wei-Chiao
Published: February 2022

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a rare disease that affects connective tissue, which causes abnormalities in several organ systems including the heart, eyes, bones, and joints. The autosomal dominant disorder was found to be strongly associated with FBN1, TGFBR1, and TGFBR2 mutations. Although multiple genetic mutations have been reported, data from Asian populations are still limited. As a result, we utilized the whole exome sequencing (WES) technique to identify potential pathogenic variants of MFS in a Taiwan cohort. In addition, a variety of annotation databases were applied to identify the biological functions as well as the potential mechanisms of candidate genes. In this study, we confirmed the pathogenicity of FBN1 to MFS. Our results indicated that TTN and POMT1 may be likely related to MFS phenotypes. Furthermore, we found nine unique variants highly shared in a MFS family cohort, of which eight are novel variants worthy of further investigation.
The Drivers of Policies to Limit the Spread of COVID-19 in Europe
Authors: Bourdin Sebastien , Ben Miled Slimane , Salhi Jamil
Published: February 2022

While many articles have analyzed the effectiveness of the policies that aimed to limit the spread of COVID-19, very little research work has examined the determinants that drove these policies. Therefore, we proposed to study the determinants that led government authorities to implement more or less restrictive policies to limit the spread of the pandemic. Using the COVID-19 stringency index, we highlighted a positive effect of the incidence rate on the stringency level. Patient capacity in intensive care units was also a key variable. This is indicative of the capacity of countries to have a sufficient and appropriate health system to absorb such pandemic crises. On the other hand, we show that epidemiological data regarding the risk of excess mortality (diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular pathologies) had a negative effect. We conclude by recalling the importance of policy coordination between countries when it comes to lowering the stringency levels of measures, in order to avoid a resurgence of the epidemic.
Update on Color Flow Imaging in Obstetrics
Authors: Leung Kwok-yin , Wan Yung-Liang
Published: February 2022

Color flow imaging (CFI), being non-invasive, is commonly used in obstetrics to study the fetal and placental circulations. The conventional CFI modes include color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and power Doppler imaging (PDI). In recent years, there is increasing use of new modes, including high-definition flow imaging (HDFI), radiant flow, microvascular flow imaging (MVFI), and three-/four-dimensional rendering in glass-body mode. Compared to CDFI, HDFI can show a higher resolution and sensitivity and allow the detection of slower flows. MVFI increases the sensitivity to fine or low-flow vessels while producing little or no motion artifacts. Radiant flow shows the blood flow with a sense of depth and reduces blood overflow. Glass-body mode, showing both gray-scale and color-flow information, can demonstrate the heart-cycle-related flow events and the vessel spatial relationship. In this review, the characteristics and applications of the various CFI modes in obstetrics are discussed. In particular, how these new technologies are integrated in detailed diagnostic and early morphology scans is presented.
Деятельность Леона Казимира Шемета в общественно-политической жизни Великого княжества Литовского в первой трети XVIII в.
Authors: Мацук Андрей
Published: February 2022

Аннотация. В статье на примере деятельности Леона Казимира Шемета (Leon Kazimierz Szemet, Szemiott, Szemioth) рассматривается социально-политическая активность шляхтича, принимавшего участие в общественно-политических событиях локального (поветового) уровня первой трети XVIII в. Подробно рассматривается деятельность Л. К. Шемета на сеймиках Оршанского повета в период борьбы
«республиканцев» против Сапег, во время Северной войны, а также в период антикоролевских выступлений против саксонских войск 1715–1717 гг., конфликта конфликта Сапег и Радзивилов из-за «нейбургских владений» 1731–1732 гг., и бескоролевья 1733–1735 гг.

Ключевые слова: Оршанский повет, Леон Казимир Шемет, шляхта, магнаты,
Северная война, сеймик, сейм, Трибунал Великого княжества Литовского,
сеймовый посол, урядник.
Emblematyka w Rzeczypospolitej epoki Oświecenia – metamorfozy tradycji symbolicznej
Authors: Gorska Magdalena
Published: February 2022

Adnotacja. Niniejszy artykuł jest pierwszym opracowaniem dotyczącym emblematyki
w Rzeczypospolitej pod rządami Stanisława Augusta (1764–1795). Na podstawie źródeł, przede wszystkim opisów dekoracji okazjonalnych, określono zakres występowania i funkcje kompozycji symbolicznych w sztuce i literaturze epoki, kojarzonej jednoznacznie z odrzuceniem tradycji symbolicznej renesansu i baroku. Scharakteryzowano ówczesny status terminologiczny gatunków symbolicznych (emblema, hierogliphicum, symbolum), który zmienił się za sprawą francuskojęzycznej teorii (m.in. teorii dewizy, ikonologii, epigramu), skutkując przemianami (nie tylko emblematyki) w zakresie stylistyki i estetyki. Wskazano m. in. tendencje świadczące o zmianie myślenia o symbolice pod wpływem zainteresowania antykiem i klasycyzmem, zwiastujące nowoczesną refleksję dedykowaną
symbolowi i metaforze.

Słowa kluczowe: emblematyka, emblemat, hieroglifik, symbol, ikonologia, klasycyzm,
dekoracja okazjonalna, oświecenie, antyk, Rzeczpospolita.
Apie oberbombardyro Vaitiekaus Ivaškevičiaus 1791 m. Vilniaus piešinį
Authors: Janonienė Rūta
Published: February 2022

ABOUT THE 1791 PICTURE OF VILNIUS BY OBERBOMBARDIER WOJCIECH IWASZKIEWICZ

The article discusses a watercolour painting from a private collection authored by Wojciech Iwaszkiewicz, artillery ober-bombardier of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
In the background of the urban landscape are objects that allow easy identification
of the capital of Lithuania: partly ruined Upper Castle and the Bekesh Hill. Other objects and figures are identifiable by the inscriptions on the other side of the painting. Particularly interesting is the first plan of the drawing, which depicts the Tatar Gates and a few wooden houses standing near them. This is the only known view of the Tatar Gates of the Vilnius defensive wall. The buildings also depict a number of city dwellers, most of them being military personnel of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (artillery officer, cannoneer, ober-feurwerker, etc., as well as the author of the painting himself ), thus the picture is also interesting as a source of research into different military uniforms.
Inscriptions by the Upper Castle and Bekesh Hill reflect legends and stories, popular among Vilnians at the end of the eighteenth century. In the former case, one tower of the castle is named as the temple of the pagan god Lelum Polelum Swistum po Swistum. Yet above the Bekesh Hill is written a legend about the reckless death of this cadet on the way down while riding a horse. Through historical sources we were able to determine that W. Iwaszkiewicz enlisted into the army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as a cannoneer in the spring of 1790, soon was raised to the rank of the bombardier and in the spring of 1791 to the ober-bombardier, yet in the summer of 1793 he was raised to the rank of stykjunker. The painting in analysis is related to a particular event: attempts to reform and strengthen the Lithuanian artillery at the end of the eighteenth century
and the amassing of the military in Vilnius. In spite of somewhat primitive style of the painting, it’s a very interesting and valuable document of urban iconography.

Keywords: Vilnius, Wojciech Iwaszkiewicz, Bekesh Hill, Upper Castle, Tatar Gates,
artillery.
Influence of feed additives on the reproductive traits of sows
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Southern Ural State Agrarian University”, Russia, Chelyabinsk region, Troitsk, Belookov A. A. , Belookova O. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Southern Ural State Agrarian University”, Russia, Chelyabinsk region, Troitsk, Chukhutin E. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Southern Ural State Agrarian University”, Russia, Chelyabinsk region, Troitsk
Published: February 2022

Currently, the main condition for the intensification of animal husbandry in Russia is the application of the concept of rational animal feeding. In accordance with this concept, animals should be provided with complete feed, and the organization of feeding should provide conditions for the effective use of feed and the regulation of microbiological digestive processes. The purpose of the work was to study the effectiveness of the effect of the phytobiotic “Intebio” and the probiotic “Profort” on the reproductive traits of sows. The scientific and economic experiment was conducted in 2020 on pregnant and suckling sows under the conditions of OOO “Agrofi rma Ariant” (Krasnogorsky settlement in the Emanzhelinsky area in the Chelyabinsk region). The results of research of the effect of phytobiotic “Intebio” and probiotic “Profort” on the reproductive traits of sows have been presented in the article. It has been found according to the results of the conducted research that feeding sows phytobiotic “Intebio” and probiotic “Profort” in addition to the main diet for 30 days before farrowing and for 30 days after the survey allows to increase the prolificacy of sows by 2,9 and 1,9 %, respectively, the weight of piglets at birth by 12,3 and 10,4 %, the weight at weaning by 11,9 and 11,2 %, the livability of piglets by 6,1 and 4,0 %. This made it possible to reduce expenditures feed per 1 kg of piglets’ live weight gain by 18,4 and 15,6 %. It has been found on the base of conducted research that the use of phytobiotic “Intebio” and probiotic “Profort” in the feeding of pregnant and suckling sows is economically justified.
Influence of a complex mineral feed additive on hematological and biochemical blood parameters of replacement heifers
Authors:   Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Sabitov M. T. , Farkhutdinova A. R. ,   Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Malikova M. G. ,   Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the work was to establish the effect of a complex mineral feed additive (CMFA) on hematological and biochemical blood parameters of replacement heifers. The research has been carried out under the conditions in the Republic of Bashkortostan on 3 groups of replacement heifers of Black-and-White breed per 10 heads in each, selected by the method of pairs of analogues. The animals of the control group have been received the main ration adopted on the farm + individual minerals, the heifers of the 1st experimental group have been received the main ration +50 g/head of CMFA according to recipe No. 1, the heifers of the 2nd experimental group have been received the main ration + 50 g/head of CMFA according to recipe No. 2. The use of the complex mineral feed additive contributed to the improvement of hematological and biochemical parameters in the heifers of experimental groups. Thus, the content of erythrocytes in the 1st experimental group by 4,78 % and in the 2nd experimental group by 7,48 % was higher, hemoglobin by 5,2 and 8,1 % (P < 0,05) in comparison with control animals. The leukocyte content in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups has been increased by 5,33 and 6,74 %, the total protein content by 2,94 and 6,52 % (P < 0,05), the calcium content by 9,52 and 14,72 % (P < 0,01–0,001), phosphorus by 10,0 and 14,86 % (P < 0,01–0,001), respectively, in comparison with the control group. At the same time, the experimental animals showed the increase in AST and ALT in the 1st experimental group by 2,78 and 1,05 %, respectively, in the 2nd experimental group by 8,33 and 1,08 %. The carotene content was within the physiological norm, the increase in this indicator has been noted in the experimental groups by 8,26 % (P < 0,05) and by 16,05 % (P < 0,01). Consequently, the use of complex mineral feed additives in the rations of replacement heifers of Black-and-White breed had a positive influence on the hematological and biochemical parameters of their blood. The effect of the feed additive made according to recipe No. 2 turned out to be more effective.
The use of experimental compound feed for fattening young rabbits under the conditions of industrial technology
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kostroma State Agricultural Academy”, Russia, Kostroma Region, Karavaevo, Shastina E. V. , Kostomakhin N. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev”, Russia, Moscow, Kulmakova N. I. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev”, Russia, Moscow
Published: February 2022

The feed included in the rations should provide the necessary nutrients to young animals, mature animals, as well as females during pregnancy and lactation. Universal basic formulations that can be given to all groups of rabbits are currently offered by a number of large industrial feed producers. However, their high cost, and most importantly, not always the proper quality, put rabbit-breeding enterprises in front of the need to produce them independently in accordance with a recipe developed taking into account local available feed resources, which allow improving the economic performance of production. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of fattening young rabbits using experimental complete compound feed with averaged indicators for different technological groups of animals in terms of protein content (16,0 %) and increased fiber content (17,5 %) in conditions industrial technology. Under the conditions of the Kostroma region, research has been carried out and a scientific justification has been given for the effect of experimental compound feed on the productive indicators and physiological state of fattening young rabbits under the conditions of industrial technology. The economic justification of the use of experimental compound feed under the conditions of an industrial rabbit breeding enterprise was given. The scientific justification for the effectiveness of using experimental compound feed with average indicators for different technological groups of rabbits in terms of protein content (16,0 %) and increased fiber content (17,5 %), made taking into account local available feed resources, in comparison with the technological scheme involving the use of different types of compound feed for lactating, suckling females and young has been provided in the paper. Calculations of economic efficiency have shown that it is most profitable to fatten young rabbits using experimental compound feed, which ensures the profitability of meat production at the level of 13,4 %, which exceeded the indicator of the control group by 2,3 abs.%.
Desafios do Turismo pedagógico no Parque Nacional do Vale do Catimbau (PE)
Authors: Rocha Marcelo Henrique de Melo , Oliveira Narla Sathler Musse de
Published: February 2022

O turismo pedagógico desponta como uma das atividades mais importante dentro do segmento do turismo, por se configurar como uma ferramenta valiosa no processo de ensino aprendizagem. Contudo o desenvolvimento dessa atividade requer não apenas o potencial local, mas uma boa infraestrutura, planejamento prévio e profissionais qualificados, para potencializar os ganhos. Diante disto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar os desafios enfrentados pelos professores e guias de turismo para o desenvolvimento do turismo pedagógico no Parque Nacional do Vale do Catimbau, localizado no estado de Pernambuco. A pesquisa se configura como sendo qualitativa, com coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas remotas com guias e professores, que realizaram atividades no Parque, antes da pandemia. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que entre os desafios para o desenvolvimento do turismo pedagógico na região estão a carência de infraestrutura no parque e no seu entorno, o desconhecimento dos guias sobre a potencialidade pedagógica do parque e a necessidade de melhorias na gestão do parque. A maioria dos entrevistados relataram que o desenvolvimento do turismo pedagógico no Vale do Catimbau tem grande potencial. A grande diversidade de paisagens naturais, sítios arqueológicos, fauna e flora características da caatinga, associados com a riqueza histórica e cultural, faz da região um local propício para o turismo pedagógico.
Escolhina da Biodiversidade: equipamento educativo cultural do Museu da Vila, Rede Ecomuseu Delta do Parnaíba (PI)
Authors: Oliveira Cristiana Brandão de , Melo Rodrigo de Sousa , Pinheiro Áurea da Paz
Published: February 2022

Na educação infantil, o trabalho com a Educação Ambiental e Patrimonial favorecem a criação de possibilidades para a formação de cidadãos com maior alfabetização e conscientização ecológica. Este artigo foi escrito partindo das atividades educativas e culturais realizadas na Escolinha da Biodiversidade, no Museu da Vila, cuja missão é promover ações de educação e interpretação patrimonial e ambiental da biodiversidade da Unidade de Conservação, Área de Proteção Ambiental Delta do Parnaíba no Meio Norte do Brasil. No trabalho realizado entre 2018-2019, usamos a pesquisa-ação, por sua natureza colaborativa e participativa. As atividades foram consideradas importantes para o reconhecimento e a conservação da biodiversidade.
Educação Ambiental: uma discussão centrada na Carta da Terra e no design participativo
Authors: Aguirre Josiane Marlise Theis de , Theis Mara Rubia , Everling Marli Teresinha , Pereira Máriam Trierveiler , Xavier José Francisco Peligrino
Published: February 2022

O desenvolvimento sustentável envolve questões socioambientais, além de conceitos de justiça, paz e ética. Este artigo tem por objetivo propor associações de conhecimentos da Educação Ambiental (EA) à área do Design e Educação, centrados nos conteúdos propostos na Carta da Terra, com relatos de experiências educacionais utilizando o design participativo no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Os resultados revelaram que a discussão sobre a  Carta da Terra e o design participativo contribuem para a expansão das ações educacionais dos coautores tanto em atividades pedagógicas quanto de pesquisa.
Análises de pesquisas sobre práticas de Educação Ambiental em Recursos Hídricos
Authors: Daneluzzi Natália Silva , Palmieri Maria Luísa Bonazzi
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar e discutir os artigos científicos produzidos de 2015 a 2019 que analisaram ações de Educação Ambiental voltadas aos recursos hídricos. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental do tipo “estado da arte” utilizando-se como base de dados o Portal de Periódicos da Capes. Como resultado, conclui-se que faltam pesquisas sobre ações de Educação Ambiental voltadas aos recursos hídricos e é necessário repensar as práticas de ação ambiental voltadas a essa temática a partir de uma visão crítica, sendo que a abordagem do conceito de bacia hidrográfica tem um papel importante nesses processos.
A prática pedagógica da Educação Ambiental crítica no ensino a distância
Authors: Fávaro Leandro Costa , Fonseca Letícia Rodrigues da , Minasi Luis Fernando
Published: February 2022

Este estudo buscou, como objetivo geral, descrever o desenvolvimento de um curso de extensão que buscou atender aos propósitos da Educação Ambiental, segundo uma perspectiva crítica, em relação à sensibilização acerca da importância da preservação dos recursos hídricos. Para isso, esta pesquisa do tipo aplicada fez uso da metodologia Arco de Maguerez, dos princípios teóricos que norteiam esta perspectiva e de recursos tecnológicos. Participaram deste curso 567 estudantes de graduação da modalidade a distância de uma Universidade localizada na região Sul de Minas Gerais. Ao final, obteve-se evidências acerca de possíveis mudanças comportamentais desencadeadas após a efetivação do curso.
Educação Ambiental na visão de professores: caminhos e reflexões
Authors: Slaviero André , Antunez Bruno Fernandes , Bianchi Vidica , Pansera-de-Araújo Maria Cristina
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa cujo foco foi a investigação das concepções de professores sobre Educação Ambiental (EA), com a realização de um estudo com 79 participantes. Na análise dos dados utilizou-se a Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). Os resultados revelam que 1/4 dos professores possuem discursos mais conservadores em relação à EA e que, em contrapartida, 25% deles revelaram posicionamentos críticos sobre a EA. Dessa maneira, buscou-se refletir sobre o fomento de novos debates, sobretudo na formação inicial e continuada de professores sobre a temática.
MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN KELAS UNTUK MENUMBUHKAN RASA PERCAYA DIRI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Widyaningrum Atik , Hasanah Enung
Published: February 2022

Manajemen pengelolaan kelas oleh guru merupakan salah satu faktor eksternal yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap tingkat keberhasilan pembelajaran seorang siswa. Manajemen pengelolaan kelas yang kreatif dan inovatif memiliki peluang untuk memantik dan menumbuhkan rasa kepercayaan diri siswa. Oleh karena itu, terdapat keterkaitan yang erat antara manajemen pengelolaan kelas dengan penumbuhan rasa percaya diri siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman kepada guru dalam meningkatkan kreativitas dan inovasinya terhadap manajemen pengelolaan kelas, supaya dapat menumbuhkan dan membentuk rasa percaya diri siswa khususnya siswa SD yang merupakan usia emas untuk membentuk kepribadian anak. Melihat begitu pentingnya memiliki rasa kepercayaan diri yang besar untuk bisa tampil di depan umum tanpa gugup yang berlebihan. Hal itu perlu dilatih dan dibiasakan sejak dini, salah satunya melalui manajemen pengelolaan kelas oleh guru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif yaitu suatu proses analisis data yang dilakukan melalui tahap studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pentingnya peran seorang guru dalam mengelola kelas untuk memantik tumbuh dan berkembangnya rasa kepercayaan diri siswa. Hal itu dapat dilakukan seorang guru sesuai dengan tingkat kreativitas dan inovasi masing-masing guru. Semakin tinggi tingkat kreativitas dan inovasi seorang guru dalam mengelola kelas, maka semakin besar pula peluang dan progres siswa dalam membangun rasa percaya dirinya.
Structural Comparison and Drug Screening of Spike Proteins of Ten SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Authors: Yang Qiangzhen , Jian Xuemin , Syed Ali Alamdar Shah , Fahira Aamir , Zheng Chenxiang , Zhu Zijia , Wang Ke , Zhang Jinmai , Wen Yanqin , Li Zhiqiang , Pan Dun , Lu Tingting , Wang Zhuo , Shi Yongyong
Published: February 2022

SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has evolved many variants with stronger infectivity and immune evasion than the original strain, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, Kappa, Iota, Lambda, and 21H strains. Amino acid mutations are enriched in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which plays a crucial role in cell infection. However, the impact of these mutations on protein structure and function is unclear. Understanding the pathophysiology and pandemic features of these SARS-CoV-2 variants requires knowledge of the spike protein structures. Here, we obtained the spike protein structures of 10 main globally endemic SARS-CoV-2 strains using AlphaFold2. The clustering analysis based on structural similarity revealed the unique features of the mainly pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Delta variants, indicating that structural clusters can reflect the current characteristics of the epidemic more accurately than those based on the protein sequence. The analysis of the binding affinities of ACE2-RBD, antibody-NTD, and antibody-RBD complexes in the different variants revealed that the recognition of antibodies against S1 NTD and RBD was decreased in the variants, especially the Delta variant compared with the original strain, which may induce the immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Furthermore, by virtual screening the ZINC database against a high-accuracy predicted structure of Delta spike protein and experimental validation, we identified multiple compounds that target S1 NTD and RBD, which might contribute towards the development of clinical anti-SARS-CoV-2 medicines. Our findings provided a basic foundation for future in vitro and in vivo investigations that might speed up the development of potential therapies for the SARS-CoV-2 variants.
SIRA CETVELİNİ ŞİKÂYETİN KABULÜ KARARARLARINDA HÜKÜM SONUCUNUN OLUŞTURULMA BİÇİMİNE İLİŞKİN YARGITAY UYGULAMASININ ELEŞTİRİSİ
Authors: KARAKAŞ Cemal Fazıl
Published: February 2022

Bu yazının konusu Yargıtay 23. (daha sonra 15 ve şimdi 6.) Hukuk Dairesinin ve Hukuk Genel Kurulunun sıra cetvelini şikâyet yargılaması sonunda verilen kabul (sıra cetvelinin iptali) kararlarının ne şekilde kaleme alınacağı konusundaki tutumunun eleştirilmesidir.

Daire ve Genel Kurul sıra cetveline şikâyetin kabulü halinde icra mahkemesinin iptal üzerine düzenlenecek sıra cetvelinin ne şekilde olacağını gerekçede belirleyerek sıra cetvelinin iptaline karar vermekle yetinmesi gerektiğini, bu ayrıntıların hüküm fıkrasında gösterilmesinin hukuka aykırı olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.

Yazıda hükmün kaleme alınışına ilişkin yasal düzenleme (HMK m.297), şikâyet yargılaması ilkeleri, icra müdürünün yetkisi, karar gerekçesinin etkisi, uyuşmazlığın giderilmesi ve eda hükmü kurulması çerçevesinde, uygulamada ortaya çıkan sorunlar da gözetilerek Dairenin ve Genel Kurulun bu tavrının yerinde olmadığı; bunun yerine hakimin iptal üzerine düzenlenecek yeni sıra cetvelinin ne şekilde olması gerektiğini kararında belirtmesinin amaca daha uygun olduğu hususu gösterilmeye çalışılmaktadır.
ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR CONSUMERS IN TURKEY: THE NEED FOR ENHANCING CONSUMER DISPUTE RESOLUTION THROUGH ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
Authors: KAYA Serkan
Published: February 2022

In recent years, consumer spending has dominated the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The continuously increasing consumer spending boosts the possibility of consumer disputes. In Turkey, there is still a need for enhanced consumer redress, although there is a continuing attempt to bring Turkish consumer law into line with the European Union (EU) legislation to meet the needs of our digitised society. This paper explores the powers and deficiencies of the Turkish Consumer Redress System and examines the judicial process to the implementation of consumer access to justice. This article evaluates the resolution of consumer disputes and analyses the EU ODR regime and best practices seeking for models to be followed by Turkey. The research of ODR and its applicability in consumer disputes proposes assembling instructions for outlining a new legal framework and establishing an effective ODR platform for resolving consumer disputes in Turkey.
DAGUSIBU Education (Get, Use, Save and Dispose) Medicines in Puasana Village, North Moramo District, South Konawe Regency
Authors: Andi Zulbayu La Ode Muhammad , Nasir Nur Herlina , Awaliyah Nur , Juliansyah Rizky
Published: February 2022

Obat-obatan secara umum digunakan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan dan mencegah penyakit. Pengawasan Penggunaan obat-obatan saat ini dilakukan dengan memperkenalkan istilah DAGUSIBU oleh Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia dalam rangka menjamin keamanan masyarakat. Tujuan kegiatan ini yaitu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang DAGUSIBU melalui penyuluhan di Desa Puasana, Kec. Moramo Utara, Kab. Konawe Selatan. Peserta penyuluhan diberikan materi mengenai DAGUSIBU, kemudian dilakukan diskusi secara aktif untuk mengukur tingkat pemahaman dan pengetahuan peserta terkait materi yang diberikan. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan serta pemahaman masyarakat mengenai cara penggunaan dan penyimpanan obat yang benar khususnya di Desa Puasana, Kec. Moramo Utara, Kab. Konawe Selatan.