bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustained Inhibition of Calcineurin Activity With a Melt‐Dose Once‐daily Tacrolimus Formulation in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Fontova Pere , Colom Helena , Rigo‐Bonnin Raül , Bestard Oriol , Vidal‐Alabró Anna , van Merendonk Lisanne N. , Cerezo Gema , Polo Carolina , Montero Nuria , Melilli Edoardo , Manonelles Anna , Meneghini Maria , Coloma Ana , Cruzado Josep M. , Torras Joan , Grinyó Josep M. , Lloberas Nuria
Published: February 2021

Tacrolimus (Tac) is the cornerstone calcineurin inhibitor in transplantation. Extended‐release Meltdose formulation (Tac‐LCP) offers better bioavailability compared with immediate‐release formulation (Tac‐IR). We postulated that the less fluctuating pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of Tac‐LCP might maintain a sustained inhibition of calcineurin activity (CNA) between dose intervals. Higher concentrations (peak plasma concentration (Cmax)) after Tac‐IR may not result in a more potent CNA inhibition due to a capacity‐limited effect. This study was aimed at evaluating the pharmacodynamic (PD)/PK profiles of Tac‐IR compared with Tac‐LCP. An open‐label, prospective, nonrandomized, investigator‐driven study was conducted. Twenty‐five kidney transplant recipients receiving Tac‐IR were switched to Tac‐LCP. Before and 28 days after conversion, intensive CNA‐PD and PK sampling were conducted using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem accurate mass spectrometry. PD nonlinear mixed effects model was performed in Phoenix‐WinNonlin. Statistically significant higher Cmax (P < 0.001) after Tac‐IR did not result in lower CNA as compared with after Tac‐LCP (P = 0.860). Tac‐LCP showed a statistically more maintained CNA inhibition between dose intervals (area under the effect‐time curve from 0 to 24 hours (AUE0–24h)) compared with Tac‐IR, in which CNA returned to predose levels after 4 hours of drug intake (373.8 vs. 290.5 pmol RII·h/min·mg prot, Tac‐LCP vs. Tac‐IR; P = 0.039). No correlation was achieved between any PD and PK parameters in any formulations. Moreover, Tac concentration to elicit a 50% of the maximum response (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration) was 9.24 ng/mL. The higher Cmax after Tac‐IR does not result in an additional CNA inhibition compared with Tac‐LCP attributable to a capacity‐limited effect. Tac‐LCP may represent an improvement of the PD of Tac due to the more sustained CNA inhibition during dose intervals.
Confirmatory factor and measurement invariance analyses of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire in sexual minority men and women
Authors: Klimek Patrycja , Convertino Alexandra D. , Pennesi Jamie‐Lee , Gonzales Manuel , Roesch Scott C. , Nagata Jason M. , Blashill Aaron J.
Published: February 2021

Objective

The present study aimed to investigate the factor structure of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) in a large sample of cisgender sexual minority men and women, and subsequently, to evaluate measurement invariance by gender.

Method

The sample consisted of 962 sexual minority adult men (n = 479) and women (n = 483) who completed online self‐report surveys. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using two previously supported factor structures (Friborg et al.'s four‐factor model and Grilo et al.'s brief three‐factor model) as well as the original four‐factor structure of the EDE‐Q.

Results

Results indicated that the best fitting models were Friborg et al.'s four‐factor model (CFI = .974, RMSEA = .098, SRMR = .0 70) and Grilo et al.'s brief three‐factor model (CFI = .999, RMSEA = .049, SRMR = .017). The model fit of both factor structures were nearly identical when examined separately for men and women. The original four‐factor structure could not be supported in this sample. Measurement invariance analyses further indicated that the best fitting models were invariant by gender in sexual minority individuals. Internal consistency was adequate for all subscales of Friborg et al.'s and Grilo et al.'s models.

Discussion

The present study provides support for the use of the EDE‐Q in sexual minority men and women. Additionally, findings demonstrate that the EDE‐Q performs similarly in sexual minority men and women. Future research is needed to further evaluate measurement invariance of the EDE‐Q by sexual orientation, gender identity, and race.
Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties of Quinoxaline‐Fused Polyaza[5]–[7]helicenes with Orange‐Color CPL Emissions
Authors: Otani Takashi , Sasayama Takuma , Horiuchi Masashi , Okauchi Shunnosuke , Kawai Hidetoshi , Kitahara Maho , Imai Yoshitane , Shibata Takanori
Published: February 2021

We achieved a two‐type synthesis of quinoxaline‐fused polyaza[5]‐ and [7]helicenes through consecutive N−H/C−H coupling with a hypervalent iodine reagent as a key reaction. By fusing electron‐deficient quinoxaline, these polyazahelicenes constitute an efficient donor‐acceptor type of molecule with absorption edges that reach up to approximately 650 nm. Evaluating the chiroptical properties reveals that the polyazahelicene exhibits a rare orange circularly polarized glow with a luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum value) of 0.003.
Reformulating the value proposition of water in agriculture under changing conditions*
Authors: Waalewijn Pieter
Published: February 2021

Agri‐water holds the key for many of the world's most profound development issues, if the sector is willing and able to rethink its responses. The sector is far from addressing these challenges and needs to reformulate its metrics of success along broad development objectives in light of the water, jobs, food and climate crises. Sector interventions and reforms need to be placed on a more outcome‐oriented trajectory. This includes sustaining water resources through the irrigation sector, and attuning water services to changing agricultural needs. It requires a fundamental shift towards service delivery as the core focus of institutional reform in large‐scale irrigation, a recognition of, and support to, farmer‐driven irrigation development in diverse circumstances, and an action‐oriented approach to bring this vision into practice at systems level. This paper presents the World Bank water strategy and points of emphasis for action, and calls for programmatic approaches to work towards this vision and transformation of the sector to meet today's and future challenges.
A splicing LMNA mutation causing laminopathies accompanied by aortic valve malformation
Authors: Tao Jingwen , Duan Jialin , Pi Xiu , Wang Hong , Li Sheng
Published: February 2021

Background

Laminopathies caused by LMNA gene mutations are characterized by different clinical manifestations. Among them, cardiac involvement is one of the most severe phenotypes.

Case presentation

A 30‐year‐old man visited the hospital because of palpitations, shortness of breath, and fatigue. He also had muscular dystrophy, joint contractures, scoliosis, and mild dysphagia. A novel de novo heterozygous LMNA splice variant (c.810+1G>T) with dilated cardiomyopathy, Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, and progressive cardiac conduction defect was identified by genetic analysis. The patient also presented with congenital aortic valve malformation, which has never been reported in laminopathies.

Conclusions

The LMNA mutation (c.810+1G>T) was identified for the first time, enriching the mutation spectrum of the LMNA gene. The correlation between an LMNA mutation and congenital aortic valve malformation deserves further study.
“Here I can just be myself”: How youth and adults collaboratively develop an identity‐safe community across difference
Authors: Rubin Jennifer D. , Scanlon Mike , Cechony Anna , Chen Katharine
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the development of identity safety—where all participants are valued, included, and can engage without fear of stigmatization—among underrepresented youth and adults in a community‐based youth development program. Qualitative in‐depth interviews were conducted daily with three youth and two adult mentors about their experiences in the program (a total of 32 interviews). Data analysis revealed that participants developed identity safety through engaging in programmatic activities that explored youth's identities, practicing authenticity in daily interactions, and facilitating dynamic communication across intergenerational friendships. Participants described sustaining identity safety through formal social support spaces, mutual support in group settings, and peer support. Ultimately, these experiences set the foundation for youth and adults to engage in positive risk‐taking and self‐reflection. Implications for researchers and youth development programs are discussed.
Learning in the library: A national study of youth services public library workers
Authors: Colvin Sharon , White Annie M. , Akiva Thomas
Published: February 2021

Aims

This study aims to interrogate the occupational identity of youth services public library workers across the United States and to understand specifically how this study is related to the learning ecosystem. Public library workers, especially those who work specifically with youth, are underrepresented in academic literature.

Method

We adapted an interview method that allows participants to explain how they think different stakeholders perceive their work and used it in a digital survey with 306 youth services public library workers.

Results

Overall, the participants described their work as deeply connected to learning, specifically connecting people to resources, facilitating learning activities, and providing a space for learning. This reflects the evolving nature of public library services.

Conclusion

Unfortunately, many library workers feel significant friction between their own understanding of their job and the views of outside stakeholders. We address this friction and its implications in our recommendations for future research and practice.
Essential oil‐loaded bio‐nanomaterials for sustainable agricultural applications
Authors: Menossi Matías , Ollier Romina P , Casalongué Claudia A , Alvarez Vera A
Published: February 2021

The excessive and indiscriminate use of synthetic agrochemicals and toxic fumigants has become essential in the maximization of agricultural production worldwide. Despite their beneficial roles in the field and during storage, they produce environmental pollution, increasing pesticide/herbicide resistance and destruction of beneficial insects, and placing the health of producers and consumers at risk. This scenario has enabled the development of new scientific approaches focused on alternatives and ecofriendly and safer forms of pest management including the use of botanical products such as plant extracts and essential oils (EOs) with insecticidal action. The application of EOs for pest control presents several advantages: low toxicity and low persistence; biodegradability; high selectivity; no harmful effects on people or crops; and low environmental impact during and after use. Unfortunately, EOs are biologically unstable since they are easily degraded under the action of pH, oxygen, light and moderate temperatures. Generally, they present low aqueous solubility and high volatility. In this sense, nanotechnology represents a potential solution: the loading of EOs in nanostructured systems. The use of biopolymers as nanocarriers not only provides the controlled release of the active ingredient, but also offers the following benefits: biodegradability, biocompatibility, environmental safety, low toxicity and competitive production costs. This review aims at describing the most recent preparation techniques and characterization based on EO‐loaded bio‐nanomaterials. Also, this review highlights studies of novel bio‐nanoformulations and their potential roles in agricultural practices to promote sustainable and ecofriendly cultivation. Finally, we summarize the commercial challenges and limitations related to these promising bio‐nanoformulations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion induced cardiac extracellular vesicles harbour proinflammatory features and aggravate heart injury
Authors: Ge Xinyu , Meng Qingshu , Wei Lu , Liu Jing , Li Mimi , Liang Xiaoting , Lin Fang , Zhang Yuhui , Li Yinzhen , Liu Zhongmin , Fan Huimin , Zhou Xiaohui
Published: February 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) curb important biological functions. We previously disclosed that ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) induces increased release of EVs (IR‐EVs) in the heart. However, the role of IR‐EVs in IR pathological process remains poorly understood. Here we found that adoptive transfer of IR‐EVs aggravated IR induced heart injury, and EV inhibition by GW4869 reduced the IR injury. Our in vivo and in vitro investigations substantiated that IR‐EVs facilitated M1‐like polarization of macrophages with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Further, we disclosed the miRNA profile in cardiac EVs and confirmed the enrichment of miRNAs, such as miR‐155‐5p in IR‐EVs compared to EVs from the sham heart (S‐EVs). In particular, IR‐EVs transferred miR‐155‐5p to macrophages and enhanced the inflammatory response through activating JAK2/STAT1 pathway. Interestingly, IR‐EVs not only boosted the local inflammation in the heart, but even triggered systemic inflammation in distant organs. Taken together, we newly identify an IR‐EVs–miR‐155‐5p–M1 polarization axis in the heart post IR. The EVs derived from IR‐injured heart contribute to both local and systemic inflammation. Importantly, EV inhibition by GW4869 is supposed to be a promising therapeutic strategy for IR injury.
Safety and effectiveness of edoxaban in Japanese patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Final report of a two‐year postmarketing surveillance study (ETNA‐AF‐Japan)
Authors: Yamashita Takeshi , Koretsune Yukihiro , Nagao Tomoko , Shiosakai Kazuhito
Published: February 2021

Background

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are the recommended first‐line therapy for ischemic stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). However, the safety and effectiveness of edoxaban for this indication requires monitoring over the long term in real‐world settings.

Methods

ETNA‐AF‐Japan (trial no. UMIN000017011) was a prospective, multicenter observational study (part of postmarketing surveillance in Japan). NVAF patients due to receive edoxaban to prevent ischemic stroke were enrolled between 13 April 2015 and 30 September 2017.

Results

A total of 11 569 patients were enrolled. For the 11 111 patients (female, 40.6%) whose data comprised the safety analysis set, age, body weight, creatinine clearance (CLcr), and CHADS2 score were 74.2 ± 10.0 years, 60.0 ± 12.7 kg, 63.9 ± 25.8 mL/min, and 2.2 ± 1.3, respectively (mean ± SD). The majority (86.3%) received edoxaban in accordance with package insert information. The mean duration of treatment was 561.9 ± 261.2 days. The annual incidence (95% confidence interval) of all bleeding events and major bleeding events was 5.60% (5.25%–5.98%) and 1.02% (0.88%–1.18%), respectively. The annual incidence of ischemic stroke (excluding transient ischemic attack, TIA) or systemic embolism was 1.08% (0.93%–1.25%). Multivariate analysis showed low body weight, low CLcr, history of gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia, and use of an antiplatelet agent to be associated with major bleeding, and history of ischemic stroke or TIA, vascular disease, and antiplatelet agent use to be associated with ischemic stroke (excluding TIA) or systemic embolism.

Conclusions

These results provide real‐world evidence for the long‐term good safety and effectiveness profile of edoxaban in Japanese NVAF patients under clinical practice.
Online Ratings and Perceptions of Pediatric Otolaryngologists
Authors: Chua Janice T. , Nguyen Emily , Risbud Adwight , Soltanzadeh‐Zarandi Sina , Lee Ariel , Jamshidi Shahrnaz , Bayginejad Soha , Abouzari Mehdi
Published: February 2021

Objective/Hypothesis

To assess and characterize online ratings and comments on pediatric otolaryngologists and determine factors that correlate with higher ratings.

Study Design

Online database analysis.

Methods

All American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO) members were queried on Healthgrades, Vitals, RateMDs, and Yelp for their online ratings and comments as of June 2020. Ratings were normalized for comparison on a five‐point Likert scale. All comments were categorized based on context and positive or negative quality.

Results

Of the 561 ASPO members, 489 (87%) were rated on at least one online platform. Of those rated, 410 (84%) were on Healthgrades, 429 (88%) on Vitals, 236 (48%) on RateMDs, and 72 (15%) on Yelp. Across all platforms, the average overall rating was 4.13 ± 0.03 (range, 1.00–5.00). We found significant positive correlations between overall ratings and specific ratings (P < .001) on all individual topics. In addition, the majority of all narrative comments were related to perceived physician bedside manner and clinical outcome, with negative comments correlating negatively with overall score (P < .05). Time spent with the physician was the only category in which both positive and negative comments showed significant correlation with the overall physician rating (P = .016 and P = .017, respectively). Attending a top‐ranked medical school or residency program did not correlate with higher or lower ratings.

Conclusions

Online ratings and comments for pediatric otolaryngologists are largely influenced by patient and parent perceptions of physician competence, comforting bedside manner, and office and time management.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 131:2356–2360, 2021
CO2‐Strengthened Double‐Cross‐Linked Polymer Gels from Frustrated Lewis Pair Networks
Authors: Liu Renjie , Wang Yixin , Yan Qiang
Published: February 2021

Conventional thermosets consisting of polymer networks with robust and irreversible chemical linkages are incapable of reshaping or reprocessing once formed. In contrast, reversible non‐covalent crosslinks can impart structurally flexible and reconfigurable feature to the networks, but at the expense of certain mechanical strength. The integration of fixed covalent bonds and noncovalent bonds into these materials can usually attain enhanced mechanical properties and meanwhile provide dynamic and adaptable functions, such as responsive and healing ability to external stimuli. Here a double‐cross‐linked frustrated Lewis pair network (FLPN) is developed through a specific three‐component reaction among triarylborane, triarylphosphine, and CO2, which is composed of permanent chemical crosslinks and dynamic CO2 gas‐bridged connections. The amount of CO2 added can regulate the density of supramolecular node in such FLPN, so as to control the strength and toughness of the gel material. Moreover, the broken gel can be rapidly healed by CO2 stimulus through the reconstruction of dynamic covalent network. This study will inspire a new way to create gas‐based smart materials by incorporating frustrated Lewis pair chemistry into traditional gel system.
Considerations of expanded carrier screening: Lessons learned from combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria
Authors: Gabriel Marie Cosette , Rice Stephanie M. , Sloan Jennifer L. , Mossayebi Matthew H. , Venditti Charles P. , Al‐Kouatly Huda B.
Published: February 2021

Background

Expanded carrier screening (ECS) utilizes high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing to evaluate an individual's carrier status for multiple conditions. Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria (CMAMMA) due to ACSF3 deficiency is a rare inherited disease included in such screening panels. Some cases have been reported with metabolic symptoms in childhood yet other cases describe a benign clinical course, suggesting the clinical phenotype is not well defined.

Methods/Case Report

Clinical and laboratory findings during the prenatal period were obtained retrospectively from medical records.

Results

A 37‐year‐old nulliparous woman and her partner were each identified as carriers of ACSF3 variants and presented at 9 weeks gestation for prenatal genetic consultation. The couple received extensive genetic counseling and proceeded with chorionic villus sampling at 11 weeks gestation. Subsequent analysis confirmed that the fetus inherited both parental ACSF variants. The couple was devastated by the results and after reviewing options of pregnancy continuation and termination, they decided to terminate the pregnancy. Following this decision, the patient was diagnosed with acute stress disorder.

Conclusion

This case highlights how expanded carrier screening adds complexity to reproductive decision‐making. Stronger guidelines and additional research are needed to direct and evaluate the timing, composition, and implementation of ECS panels.
Three salvage strategies in microvascular fibula osteocutaneous flap for mandible reconstruction with vascular compromise and establishment of an algorithm
Authors: Aksoyler Dicle , Losco Luigi , Bolletta Alberto , Ercan Alp , Chen Shih‐Heng , Velazquez‐Mujica Jonathan , Tang Yueh‐Bih , Chen Hung‐Chi
Published: February 2021

Background

Fibula osteocutaneous flap is associated with a higher rate of reexploration in mandible reconstruction due to limited space for the fixation of various tissue components on multiple segments of the fibula flap. To maintain optimal circulation to the flap and to prevent negative outcomes because of partial or total flap loss, we shared our experiences on salvaging the free fibula flap with vascular compromise in the first reexploration and we developed an algorithm.

Methods

From 1992 to 2018, 12 patients between the ages of 48 to 63 (mean: 52.5) who had presented with oral squamous cell carcinoma (n = 10) followed by osteoradionecrosis of the mandible (n = 2) were explored. The operative findings were; (1) occlusions of vein (3 cases); (2) occlusions of artery (4 cases); and (3) occlusions of both artery and vein (5 cases). After correcting the kinking or evacuating the hematoma, the arterial inflow was initially reestablished by anterograde flow. If this was nonfunctional, retrograde flow from the distal end of the peroneal artery was provided. For the vein, anterograde venous drainage was reestablished. If the thrombus extended deep into the peroneal vein, regular venous return was blocked on the anterograde side, and the flap remained congested therefore retrograde venous drainage was performed regardless of the valves in the vein. However, the two ends of the peroneal artery were anastomosed to prevent thrombosis of the artery.

Results

The success rate of revised cases was 75% (9/12). All failed cases had presented with both artery and vein occlusion (three cases). Pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap and anterolateral thigh flap were needed for the external surface in two cases. Skin graft was required for seven cases to restore intraoral lining. Six patients underwent dental rehabilitation with prosthetic implants.

Conclusion

Immediate reexploration is mandatory to salvage the flap.
Global asymptotic stability of neutral type fractional‐order memristor‐based neural networks with leakage term, discrete and distributed delays
Authors: Syed Ali M. , Hymavathi M. , Saroha Sumit , Krishna Moorthy R.
Published: February 2021

This paper is concerned with the global asymptotic stability of the neutral type fractional‐order memristor‐based neural networks with leakage discrete and distributed delays. By building a sensible Lyapunov fractional related with integral and fractional derivative terms, a few satisfactory conditions comprehensively asymptotic stability is gotten. At that point, the global asymptotically stability investigation of fractional‐order neural systems utilizes the results from the obtained LMI conditions. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the established of the proposed results.
On the use of radio‐frequency offsets for improving double‐quantum homonuclear dipolar recoupling of half‐integer‐spin quadrupolar nuclei
Authors: Duong Nghia Tuan , Lee Daniel , Mentink‐Vigier Frédéric , Lafon Olivier , De Paëpe Gaël
Published: February 2021

Detecting proximities between nuclei is crucial for atomic‐scale structure determination with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Different from spin‐1/2 nuclei, the methodology for quadrupolar nuclei is limited for solids due to the complex spin dynamics under simultaneous magic‐angle spinning (MAS) and radio‐frequency irradiation. Herein, the performances of several homonuclear rotary recoupling (HORROR)‐based homonuclear dipolar recoupling sequences are evaluated for 27Al (spin‐5/2). It is shown numerically and experimentally on mesoporous alumina that
outperforms the supercycled S3 sequence and its pure double‐quantum (DQ) (bracketed) version, [S3], both in terms of DQ transfer efficiency and bandwidth. This result is surprising since the S3 sequence is among the best low‐power recoupling schemes for spin‐1/2. The superiority of
is thoroughly explained, and the crucial role of radio‐frequency offsets during its spin dynamics is highlighted. The analytical approximation of
, derived in an offset‐toggling frame, clarifies the interplay between offset and DQ efficiency, namely, the benefits of off‐resonance irradiation and the trough in DQ efficiency for
when the irradiation is central between two resonances, both for spin‐1/2 and half‐integer‐spin quadrupolar nuclei. Additionally, density matrix propagations show that the
sequence, applied to quadrupolar nuclei subject to quadrupolar interaction much larger than radio‐frequency frequency field, can create single‐ and multiple‐quantum coherences for near on‐resonance irradiation. This significantly perturbs the creation of DQ coherences between central transitions of neighboring quadrupolar nuclei. This effect explains the DQ efficiency trough for near on‐resonance irradiation, in the case of both cross‐correlation and autocorrelation peaks. Overall, this work aids experimental acquisition of homonuclear dipolar correlation spectra of half‐integer‐spin quadrupolar nuclei and provides theoretical insights towards improving recoupling schemes at high magnetic field and fast MAS.
Suggestions on cleavage embryo and blastocyst vitrification/transfer based on expression profile of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in current COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Cheng Gui‐ping , Guo Shi‐meng , Zhou Li‐quan
Published: February 2021

An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is leading to an unprecedented worldwide health crisis. SARS‐CoV‐2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Our objectives are to analysis the expression profile of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human spermatogenic cells, follicle cells, and preimplantation embryos, thereby providing mechanistic insights into viral entry and viral impact on reproduction. We found that ACE2 is mainly expressed during gametogenesis in spermatogonia and oocytes of antral follicles, granulosa cells of antral follicles and pre‐ovulatory follicles, while TMPRSS2 almost has no expression in spermatogenic cells, oocytes or granulosa cells. In preimplantation embryos, ACE2 is expressed in early embryos before eight‐cell stage, and trophectoderm of late blastocysts, while TMPRSS2 initiates its robust expression in late blastocyst stage. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 only show significant co‐expression in trophectoderm of late blastocysts in all above cell types. We speculate that trophectoderm of late blastocysts is susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2, and that the chance of SARS‐CoV‐2 being passed on to offspring through gametes is very low. Therefore, we propose that fertility preservation for COVID‐19 patients is relatively safe and rational. We also recommend embryo cryopreservation and embryo transfer into healthy recipient mother at cleavage stage instead of blastocyst stage. Moreover, we unexpectedly found that co‐expression pattern of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in oocytes and preimplantation embryos in human, rhesus monkey and mouse are totally different, so animal models have significant limitations for evaluating transmission risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 in reproduction.
A mathematical formulation and an LP‐based neighborhood search matheuristic solution method for the integrated train blocking and shipment path problem
Authors: Yaghini Masoud , Mirghavami Mahsasadat , Zare Andaryan Abdollah
Published: February 2021

This article addresses the integrated train blocking and shipment path (TBSP) problem. The problem aims to route and classify railcar flows while satisfying railway line and station capacity constraints. At the same time, the problem tries to minimize the total operational costs. In this article, a new linear arc‐node mathematical model is developed for the TBSP problem. In order to solve the model, a novel matheuristic solution method is proposed, which includes the hybridization of tabu search (TS) metaheuristic as well as mathematical programming techniques. The solution method reduces the search space of the problem by iteratively solving an LP relaxation form of the original model. At each iteration, inspired by the TS, a penalization procedure is applied to the coefficients of the LP objective function according to the solutions. Finally, a restricted MIP model is generated based on the LP solutions. For solving all the LP and the MIP models, a black‐box MIP solver is employed. Experimental results confirm that the solution method can solve the problem in a reasonable time and achieve a solution of high quality in terms of the total incurred cost.
Ultraprocessed Food Consumption is Strongly and Dose‐Dependently Associated with Excess Body Weight in Swiss Women
Authors: Pestoni Giulia , Habib Linda , Reber Emilie , Rohrmann Sabine , Staub Kaspar , Stanga Zeno , Faeh David
Published: February 2021

Objective

This study investigated the association between ultraprocessed food consumption and excess body weight in a Swiss nationally representative study.

Methods

Data stem from the cross‐sectional Swiss National Nutrition Survey menuCH (n = 2,057). Dietary information was collected with 24‐hour dietary recalls, and food items were categorized into non‐ultraprocessed or ultraprocessed using the NOVA food classification system. The following three excess body weight indicators were considered: BMI, waist circumference (WC), and a BMI‐WC composite outcome. Multinomial logistic regression models stratified by sex were fitted.

Results

Women in the highest quintile of ultraprocessed food weight proportion had significantly higher odds of having obesity (odds ratio [OR] 3.01, 95% CI: 1.48‐6.11), having abdominal obesity (OR 2.69, 95% CI: 1.43‐5.05), and being in the highest category of the BMI‐WC composite outcome (OR 3.28, 95% CI: 1.59‐6.77). No relevant associations were observed in men.

Conclusions

Ultraprocessed food weight proportion was strongly and dose‐dependently associated with excess body weight in women but not in men. Further studies are required to elucidate potential mechanisms behind this association. Increasing evidence of the detrimental effect of ultraprocessed food consumption on health stresses the need to consider these products in future public health strategies.
A co‐infection model for oncogenic human papillomavirus and tuberculosis with optimal control and Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Omame Andrew , Okuonghae Daniel
Published: February 2021

A co‐infection model for oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) and tuberculosis (TB), with optimal control and cost‐effectiveness analysis is studied and analyzed to assess the impact of controls against incident infection and against infection with HPV by TB‐infected individuals as well as optimal TB treatment in reducing the burden of the co‐infection of the two diseases in a population. The co‐infection model exhibits backward bifurcation when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. Furthermore, it is shown that TB and HPV re‐infection parameters (ϕp ≠ 0 and ) as well as TB exogenous re‐infection term (ε1 ≠ 0) induced the phenomenon of backward bifurcation in the oncogenic HPV‐TB co‐infection model. The global asymptotic stability of the disease‐free equilibrium of the co‐infection model is shown not to exist, when the associated reproduction number is below unity. The necessary conditions for the existence of optimal control and the optimality system for the co‐infection model is established using the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. Numerical simulations of the optimal control model reveal that the intervention strategy which combines and implements control against HPV infection by TB infected individuals as well as TB treatment control for dually infected individuals is the most cost‐effective of all the control strategies for the control and management of the burden of oncogenic HPV and TB co‐infection.
The incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism in adolescent and young adult oncology patients
Authors: Hsiao Wendy , Krava Emily , Wee Choo Phei , Chau Edward , Jaffray Julie
Published: February 2021

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a known complication among pediatric and adult cancer patients. Adolescent and young adult oncology (AYAO) patients have unique biological and physiological characteristics that make them distinct from other populations. Our objective was to study the VTE incidence, risk factors, and outcomes, which have been understudied in this population.

Procedure

A retrospective case–control study was conducted on AYAO participants with new or relapsed cancer and an imaging confirmed VTE from January 2011 to November 2016 at our institution. Eligible AYAO participants without a history of VTE were designated as controls and were randomly selected from our institution's tumor registry. Demographics, medical history, surgeries, central venous catheter (CVC) data, VTE diagnosis and treatment, relapses, and deaths were abstracted.

Results

Thirty‐five VTE cases and 70 controls were included in this analysis. Eighty percent of cases had leukemia or lymphoma (vs. a solid tumor) compared to 58% of controls. The majority of VTEs (57%) were CVC associated, and more than 70% of cases had more than one CVC placed during their cancer treatment versus 34% of controls. Infection was associated with increased VTE risk (OR = 6.35, 95% CI = 2.30, 17.55, p < .0001). VTE cases had increased cancer relapse (23% vs. 10%) and mortality rates (29% vs. 16%) than controls.

Conclusion

AYAO participants with a VTE were more likely to have leukemia or lymphoma, more than one CVC or infection. Further studies are needed to identify patients who would benefit from modifiable prevention measures, such as limiting to one CVC, preventing infections, or considering prophylactic anticoagulation for those with a liquid tumor.
A new generation of Bt maize for control of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
Authors: Horikoshi Renato J , Vertuan Hallison , de Castro Ancidériton A , Morrell Kimberly , Griffith Cara , Evans Adam , Tan Jianguo , Asiimwe Peter , Anderson Heather , José Márcia O M A , Dourado Patrick M , Berger Geraldo , Martinelli Samuel , Head Graham
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

The pyramided genetically modified maize (Zea mays [L.]) event MON 95379, expressing the Cry1B.868 and Cry1Da_7 proteins, was designed to protect against larval feeding damage by the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (FAW). Here, we conducted laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies to assess the dose and field efficacy of MON 95379 against FAW and inform the development of insect resistance management plans.

RESULTS

The Cry1B.868 and Cry1Da_7 proteins were active against susceptible FAW neonates in diet‐incorporation bioassays: median lethal concentration [LC50] (95% CI) = 62.8 (42.6–87.6) μg/ml diet for Cry1B.868 and 9.4 (5.3–18.6) μg/ml diet for Cry1Da_7. In laboratory leaf disc bioassays, MON 95379 maize and experimental maize lines expressing the individual components were effective in controlling susceptible FAW. In whole‐plant assays, MON 95379 controlled FAW resistant to the Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins. Likewise, under field conditions, MON 95379 maize expressing Cry1B.868 and Cry1Da_7 was highly effective at protecting plants against the larval feeding of FAW.

CONCLUSIONS

The expression of Cry1B.868 and Cry1Da_7 in MON 95379 consistently protected maize plants against larval feeding by FAW and represents an alternative to manage trait resistance issues in South America. © 2021 Bayer Crop Science‐US. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Selenium mediated host plant–mite conflict: defense and adaptation
Authors: Xu Zhifeng , Qi CuiCui , Zhang Mengyu , Zhu Jiayan , Hu Jia , Feng Kaiyang , Sun Jingyu , Wei Peng , Shen Guangmao , Zhang Ping , He Lin
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Selenium has shown effectiveness in protecting plants from herbivores. However, some insects have evolved adaptability to selenium.

RESULTS

Selenium accumulation in host plants protected them against spider mite feeding. Selenium showed toxic effects on spider mites by reducing growth and interfering with reproduction. After 40 generations on selenium‐rich plants, a Tetranychus cinnabarinus strain (Tc‐Se) developed adaptability to selenium, with an increased rate of population growth and enhanced ability for selenium metabolism. The high expression of two genes (GSTd07 and SPS1) in the selenium metabolism pathway might be involved in selenium metabolism in spider mites. After GSTd07 and SPS1 were silenced, the selenium adaptability decreased. Recombinant GSTd07 protein promoted the reaction between sodium selenite and glutathione (GSH) and increased the production of sodium selenite metabolites. The results indicated that GSTd07 was involved in the first step of selenium metabolism.

CONCLUSION

Plants can resist spider mite feeding by accumulating selenium. Spider mites subjected to long‐term selenium exposure can adapt to selenium by increasing the expression of key genes involved in selenium metabolism. These results elucidate the mechanism of the interaction between mites and host plants mediated by selenium. This study of the interaction between selenium‐mediated host plants and spider mites may lead to the development of new and less toxic methods for the prevention and control of spider mites.

© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Principal stratum strategy: Potential role in drug development
Authors: Bornkamp Björn , Rufibach Kaspar , Lin Jianchang , Liu Yi , Mehrotra Devan V. , Roychoudhury Satrajit , Schmidli Heinz , Shentu Yue , Wolbers Marcel
Published: February 2021

A randomized trial allows estimation of the causal effect of an intervention compared to a control in the overall population and in subpopulations defined by baseline characteristics. Often, however, clinical questions also arise regarding the treatment effect in subpopulations of patients, which would experience clinical or disease related events post‐randomization. Events that occur after treatment initiation and potentially affect the interpretation or the existence of the measurements are called intercurrent events in the ICH E9(R1) guideline. If the intercurrent event is a consequence of treatment, randomization alone is no longer sufficient to meaningfully estimate the treatment effect. Analyses comparing the subgroups of patients without the intercurrent events for intervention and control will not estimate a causal effect. This is well known, but post‐hoc analyses of this kind are commonly performed in drug development. An alternative approach is the principal stratum strategy, which classifies subjects according to their potential occurrence of an intercurrent event on both study arms. We illustrate with examples that questions formulated through principal strata occur naturally in drug development and argue that approaching these questions with the ICH E9(R1) estimand framework has the potential to lead to more transparent assumptions as well as more adequate analyses and conclusions. In addition, we provide an overview of assumptions required for estimation of effects in principal strata. Most of these assumptions are unverifiable and should hence be based on solid scientific understanding. Sensitivity analyses are needed to assess robustness of conclusions.
Consumer acceptance of product–service systems as alternative satisfiers of consumer needs for sustainable development
Authors: Kim Kee Ok , Hwang Hyesun
Published: February 2021

As an alternative method of production and consumption in the pursuit of a sustainable society, product–service system (PSS) involves consumers in the process of value creation. This study uses an online survey comprising three questionnaires to investigate consumer acceptance of PSSs based on their expectations of the benefits of three types of PSS: product‐, use‐, and result‐oriented. The results indicate that consumers have higher expectations of the process benefits of result‐oriented PSSs and outcome benefits of product‐oriented PSSs. Furthermore, the results of general linear models indicate that consumers' intentions to purchase PSSs are influenced by expected benefits and consumer innovativeness. High levels of innovativeness among consumers moderate the effects of consumer expectations of outcome benefits on purchase intentions. This result implies that consumers who have lower levels of innovativeness exhibit reluctance to adopt PSSs, although they realize the benefits.
7.4: Investigation of Moiré Interference in Pinhole Matrix Fingerprint on Display Technology
Authors: Zeng Yang , Lu Feng , Yao Qijun , Yu Haochi , Zhang Qing , Su Xiaoyue
Published: February 2021

We have investigated the Moiré interference in pinhole based fingerprint on display technology. The origin of the phenomenon is identified as the interference between discrete OLED pixels and the object outline. A countermeasure is given to overcome its impact on the identification of miniature fingerprint features.
11.1: Invited Paper: Color theory and its application in laser display
Authors: Wang Guan , Gu Chun , Xu Lixin
Published: February 2021

In this papers, we use the stereoscopic color gamut to analy the performance of the color gamut in the laser display systems. Optimal RGB value is proposed and calculated by the luminance of the three primary colors. We calculated the coverage of different light sources to NTSC, Rec.709, Rec.2020 color gamut standards by grid method.Through the white point balancing of the multi‐primary display system, we have calculated the stereoscopic color gamut of 4 and 6 primaries display system. we designed a color discrimination experiment for ordinary people and people with color vision deficits, results show that laser display can improve the color recognition ability of human eyes.
27.3: Synergistic Improvement of Photoresistance Adhesion for Cu Triple‐Layer Structure
Authors: Tan Minli , Liu Jian , Hu Xiaobo , Liu Linfeng , Zhang Jing , Zhang Conglong
Published: February 2021

In this work, we provide a rational strategy to synergistically improve the photoresistance adhesion of Cu triple‐layer structure. By using plasma treatment, the microporous structure can be formed on the surface of Cu triple‐layer, which increases the interface contact area. Subsequent wet chemical treatment can effectively increase the hydrophobic groups and improve the interface properties of Cu triple‐layer.
42.2: Invited Paper: Application of non‐paraxial optics in 3D medical treatment
Authors: Shouqian Ding , Liping Liu
Published: February 2021

In order to use 3D imaging technology in medical treatment, some strict rules must be followed. This is consistent with the previous article [1] that five conditions must be followed to obtain ideal three‐dimensional (3D) imaging. This paper continues to provide some important supplements. It is importent especially in remote 3D telemedicine. The condition of "simultaneous arrival" should be added to the second condition to make it more accurate. Otherwise, the imagery will cause dizziness, and cannot even form a stereo image. Especially in VR and AR, the head sometimes needs to rotate left and right. We cooperated with Ms. Liu, the chief stomatologist of Yayi Hospital (the co‐author of this paper), and based on the theory of non‐paraxial optics, we designed some additional instruments, such as bilateral screen stereo imager and stereo glasses, that were applied to stomatology, and achieved some preliminary results. For example, the plane image of skull that can be rotated 360 degrees by CT scan can be converted into stereoscopic images of various angles. The three dimensional distribution of root canal and artificial fixation post can be seen by moving X‐ray light to take two X‐ray photos of gingiva and then viewing with stereoscopic glasses. The stereo "image pair" of the upper jaw or lower jaw in the reflector can be photographed with a self‐madestereo camera by two side‐by‐side mobile phones. The stereo image of the oral cavity can be seen by the self‐designed stereo Imager or stereo glasses. This is just the beginning and this device can be extended into use in other medical subjects. Our 3D imaging technology has a promising future in the medical field due to the following qualities: its definition can reach to 5K ~ 8K, the color saturation and gray scale are never reduced, as well as the high magnification and brightness.
48.1: Invited Paper: Applications for Bistable Electronic Paper Display without battery
Authors: Wang Xidu , Li Guoyuan , Zeng Xi , Chen Yu , Hu Dianlu
Published: February 2021

Bi‐stability of electronic paper display (EPD) is reported, and the updated methods for EPD products without battery are also introduced. One case is reported with system design, hardware and integration. One product is demonstrated with this technology.
51.3: Stable Quantum Dot Nanocomposites for Display Application
Authors: Xu Shu , Geng Chong
Published: February 2021

Quantum dots (QDs) are promising luminescent materials for display application owing to their excellent optical properties and easy processing. However, it is still challenging to achieve high efficiency and stability for QDs in practical LED application because of their high surface sensitivity to air, heat and moisture. Here we summary the recent developments in efficiency and stability enhancement of QDs in terms of surface chemistry, thermal management and light extraction of QDs in LED devices. We show that the QDs can withstand critical condition (85 °C/85 RH/high light density) with the properly designed surface encapsulation equipped with air‐barrier, thermal conductivity and optical scattering characteristics. The surface modification of QDs towards high compatibility with polymer matrices and micro/nano manufacturing is discussed. Finally, the performance and optical properties of the QD‐nanocomposites are summarized with a prospect for nano/micro‐LED display applications.
56.1: Invited Paper: A Holographic Waveguide Display with Polarization Volume Gratings
Authors: Zhang Yuning , Cui Jingyi , Weng Yishi
Published: February 2021

We report a polarization sensitive volume grating in this paper. In addition, a double‐layer waveguide using this kind of grating as coupling elements has been demonstrated to realize a full‐color near‐eye display. The results show that about 85% diffraction efficiency covering all of the red, green and blue spectra with a diagonal FOV of around 35° is obtained for the proposed waveguide prototype.
56.2: Invited Paper: Breaking Resolution/Field‐of‐view Invariant in Near‐eye Displays using Multiple Display Panels
Authors: Song Weitao , Cheng Qijia , Liu Yue , Zheng Yuanjin , Wang Yongtian
Published: February 2021

It has always been a hot topic to achieve a near‐eye display with a large field‐of view (FOV) and high‐resolution. Multiple display panels can be employed to break the resolution/FOV invariant in tiling methods and overlapping methods. Several prototypes have also been developed to provide a super‐resolution image with a large field‐of‐view and a high‐resolution using multiple panels,
which can verify the presented methods.