bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Virtual Numerical Control Milling Simulation System
Authors: Sui Xiu Lin , Kong Zheng Wei , Zhang Jia Tai , Yang Xiao Ping
Published: August 2015

Virtual numerical control milling simulation system, based on UG, is studied oriented to low utilization of NC machines. A virtual machine tools library, standard fixture library and visual machine tool processing environment were established by the second development techniques of UG and VC++. Through the example of XH715 NC machine center, tool path and motion of miller were simulated separately; at last processing scheme was evaluated and optimized. The experimental results show this system possesses good utility, and the utilization of machine tools could thus be improved.
Construction of Lander Multidisciplinary Optimization Platform
Authors: Li Ang , Wang Chun Jie
Published: August 2015

In the course of present space lander’s optimization, the problems, such as hardness of information integration, partiality of optimization, still exist. In order to solve these problems, Lander Multidisciplinary Optimization Platform has been built. Four engineering tools (Pro/Engineer, Patran, Nastran, ADAMS) are integrated into the platform based on optimization software—iSIGHT, which could ensure space lander’s kinematics and dynamics characteristics. Good optimum scheme is obtained after comprehensive optimization of the platform. Besides, the platform is managed by simulation management software—MSC.SimManage. Multidisciplinary optimization can be realized automatically through parameterized interface of the platform.
A Study on a Tool to Support Configuration Design of 5-Axis Machine Tools
Authors: Mishima N.
Published: August 2015

Design process of a machine tool is sometimes experience basis and time-consuming. The author has proposed a design tool for machine tools based on form-shaping theory and robust design technique. The tool can determine suitable configuration of machine tools, or important design parameters and error factors that affect machine tool performance, without prototyping. Especially in case of recently popular 5-axis machine tools, since the number of motion axis increases, there are huge options of axes combinations. It is difficult for machine tool designers to simulate the performance of every design option. Contrarily, the proposed design tool can clarify which design option of machine tool have better performance. In this paper, the tool is applied to the design of 5-axis machine tools. It enables to narrow the selection and make the design procedure more efficient. It also tries to suggest where the rotational motion axes should be placed. Finally, it is concluded that the design tool is effective in supporting configuration design of 5-axis machine tools structure where design knowledge has not been completely established.
Part Recognition Based on Maximum Mutual Information
Authors: Ge Sen , Huang Da Gui
Published: August 2015

A new approach to the problem of part recognition is proposed by using maximum mutual information. The method applies entropy to measure image feature, combined with color information and local shape information, and uses mutual information as a new matching criterion between the images for image recognition. This method solves the problem that histogram algorithm can not represent the spatial information. This method not only has the feature of translation invariant, but also avoids image segmentation which may lead to a complex calculation, so it can be realized easily. The result shows that proposed approach is accuracy, stability, and reliability in the processing of machine part image recognition.
Application of Virtual Manufacturing to Impeller Five-Axis High Speed Machining
Authors: Wang Xue Hui , Feng Ming Jun , Liu Shi Cheng
Published: August 2015

For taking advantage of high speed machining(HSM) in complex curved surfaces as impeller, the virtual manufacturing technology is adopted before the real machining, which can eliminate tool collision interference phenomenon of the trial cutting, avoid complicated process of trial test , forecast machining results efficiently. The simulation tests were proceeded to the each impeller procedure NC program by using the VERICUT virtual manufacturing soft to modeling five-axis machine tool HSM600U, and the result compared with the real machining is identical with one other. So it is tested that applying this technology can forecast the machining process truly.
Template-Based Process Planning System for Special Bearing
Authors: Jiang Shao Fei , Lu Chun Fu , Lu Cong Da
Published: August 2015

This paper reports the work of web-based auto-design machining process of special bearing. A template-based process planning method is proposed for auto generating machining process of special bearing, including turning process and grinding process of inner ring or outer ring. Process templates are customized to generate process, procedures size and size tolerance are calculated according to procedure size database. A web-based process planning system is developed based on the proposed method. The use of the system is illustrated with an example.
Development of Advanced NC Geometric Cutting Simulator
Authors: Fujio Mikio , Kuroyama Shouta , Shirai Seiji
Published: August 2015

NC geometric cutting simulators are a widely used software. However, it is difficult to represent the cutting load, tool deflection and tool wear caused by physical phenomena. The purpose of this research is to develop a NC geometric cutting simulation that will be able to easily calculate these phenomena during simulated machining. This paper describes the calculation algorithms of cutting loads, deflections, and wear of tools based on a removal volume, and the implementation of the NC geometrical cutting simulator. The removal volume is an interference area calculated between a workpiece and a swept volume of the tool movement, and the removal volume at each height is calculated at the same time. As a result, it is confirmed that the proposed algorithm is able to estimate the cutting load and the tool wear.
Influence of Tapping Conditions and Tool Geometries on Tool Life in Tapping of Inconel 625®
Authors: Mizobuchi Akira , Masuda Masahiro , Higaino Tasuku
Published: August 2015

Inconel 625® contained Ni 61%, Cr 21.5%, Mo 9% and so on is one of the nickel base super heat resistant alloys and is used for parts in food machine. The nickel base alloys are generally difficult-to-cut materials because of high thermal resistance, high work-hardening, high chemical activity and low thermal conductivity. In tapping, furthermore, the tool failure such as chippings, cracks and tool fractures has been frequently observed owing to low rigidity of tool. This paper deals with the influences of surface treatment, tool geometry etc. on the cutting phenomena such as the tool failure, the cutting force and so on when tapping Inconel 625® using the high speed steel tool. The damage of oxidizing tool is slower than that of nitriding tool. The large thrust force in backward tapping causes the rapid tool fractures. The smaller helix angle leads to the lower thrust force in backward tapping.
Study on Cutting of Micro Channel by End Mill with Small Diameter
Authors: Okuda Koichi , Tsuneyoshi Tatsunori , Li Wei , Shibahara Hideki
Published: August 2015

This paper describes the cutting characteristics and the shape error of groove when PMMA and PTFE are finished by the end mill with small diameter. Direct cutting experiments of micro channel by a miniature end mill were carried out in order to consider the possibilities of the fabrication of micro devices by machining. As the results, it was found that the surface roughness of 1 μm Rz or less was obtained and the width of channel became less than the tool diameter and the deflection of the end mill caused by the cutting force affected the shape error of the groove.
An Experimental Study on Suppression of Chatter Vibration with Different Helix Angles End-Mill
Authors: Nakagawa Heisaburo , Ogawa Keiji , Demachi Satoshi , Hasegawa Hideyasu
Published: August 2015

In this study we attempted to suppress chatter vibration in end-milling of austenitic stainless steels with an end-mill having different helix angles. We showed there were two types of chatter vibration in end-milling with a conventional end-mill with regular helix angle. The two types of chatter vibration depend on the cutting speed. We detected these two types of chatter vibration by the developed monitoring method using laser Doppler vibrometers. We classified the two types of chatter vibration according to chatter generating tendency, frequency and vibration mode. We showed that chatter vibration generated at lower cutting speeds was regenerative chatter vibration. On the other hand, chatter vibration generated at higher cutting speeds was another type. We showed that a end-mill with different helix angles could prevent generative chatter vibration at lower cutting speeds and was also effective in suppressing chatter vibration at higher cutting speeds.
An Analytical Evaluation of Drilling Temperature
Authors: Wu Jian , Han Rong Di
Published: August 2015

An analytical model of drilling temperature was developed based on the thermal model of orthogonal cutting and equivalent model. In this model, the element of cutting edge of twist drill was acted as an independent cutting process. The effects of drilling parameters on the temperature were also investigated. Tests were conducted with various parameters and temperature was measured by manual thermocouple method. Results indicated that the predicted results were according to the measured ones; the errors were less than 15%. And the laws obtained by analytical model were the same as that obtained by tests.
Prediction and Avoidance of Chatter in Milling of Thin-Walled Structure
Authors: Sasahara Hiroyuki , Naito Yoshihisa
Published: August 2015

An objective of this study is to develop a new method for the prediction and the avoidance of chatter vibration in milling operation of thin-walled structure by using 3D-CAD and CAE approach. Also, a new identification method for the modal parameters of a vibration system by analyzing radiated sound pressure from vibrated workpiece accelerated by an impulse force is proposed. Then chatter stability lobes are predicted using those modal parameters. Stiffness and modal shapes of the workpiece were obtained using commercial finite element method (FEM) code, and the model was made by 3D-CAD. The damping ratio, which cannot be determined through FEM analysis, was identified from the relationship between the sound pressure radiated from the workpiece and the impulse force. Chatter stability limit was analyzed with the modal parameters obtained through these procedures, and compared with the cutting experiment on the chatter stability limit. The experimental and predicted stability limits are in good agreement. The proposed procedure will help to set the cutting conditions to avoid the chatter.
In-Process Recognition of Chip Forms Using Dynamic Cutting Force Components in Hard Turning
Authors: Wen Dong Hui , Wan Yue Hua , Liu Xian Li
Published: August 2015

Saw-tooth chip has great effect on the dynamic cutting forces, cutting temperature waviness, PCBN tool life and surface integrity during precision hard part machining. The forming and finish process of saw-tooth chip could be observed through different high frequencies of dynamic cutting forces by wavelet analysis. According to the cutting speed, feed rate, sampling frequency and time, the characteristic parameters of saw-tooth chip type and shear instability could be calculated based on the saw-tooth chip forming frequency formula supported by M.C.Shaw theory. The forming frequency of saw-tooth chip was far smaller than high frequency of cutting forces under the normal cutting parameters during precision hard part machining process, and will be moved similar equal to each other under the high cutting speed. Experimental results and analysis show that the basic characteristics of saw-tooth chip could be calculated through dynamic cutting forces wavelet analysis.
Dynamic Simulation and Analysis of Centrifugal Barrel Surface Finishing Based on 3D Discrete Element Method
Authors: Song Chun Hua , Yang Shi Chun
Published: August 2015

Dynamics model on abrasive particles and workpieces during the centrifugal barrel surface finishing process was built by Discrete Element Method (DEM). The motion status of abrasive particles and workpieces was visually simulated and some important process parameters were numerically studied. The influence of planetary transmission ratio on finishing efficiency was analyzed, and finishing efficiency was the highest as the transmission ratio is -1. Finally, the conclusion was validated by experiments. Such economical and precise method could replace lots of finishing tests to optimize process parameters, which would provide theoretic basis for experimental research and efficient means for the finishing mechanism analysis of centrifugal barrel finishing.
Development of Multiscale Simulation System for Nano-Processes
Authors: Chen Hua Wei , Tieu A. Kiet , Hagiwara Ichiro
Published: August 2015

In contrast to microscale method (molecular dynamics) or macroscale method (FEM), multiscale modeling is a new, fast developing and challenging scientific field with contributions from many scientific disciplines in an effort to assure materials simulation across length/time scale. In this paper we propose MPM/MD handshaking method to establish multiscale modeling of thin film formation/nanocutting. First, the detailed handshaking method is presented for large scale simulation along with basic principles of the multiscale approach. Then, quantitative items: flatness, cutting force, adhesion between cluster and substrate, etc. are provided to avoid drawbacks of current qualitative manner. Finally, simulations are carried out to clarify the efficiency of system.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Cutting Forces and Temperature Fields when Dry Turning Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Feng Lin
Published: August 2015

A Lagrange finite element model is presented that simulates cutting forces and temperature distributions when orthogonal turning aluminum alloy. The effect of the large strain, strain-rate and temperature associated with cutting on the material properties is taken into account. The model predicts chip geometry, stress, strain and temperature distribution in the workpiece, chip, and tool. Cutting experiments were performed to validate the model.
Study on the Chip-Breaking Behavior under the Concept of Equivalent Parameters for Complicated Groove Insert in 45 Cutting Steel
Authors: Liu Er Liang , Zhang Chao , Zhang Hui Ping
Published: August 2015

Chip control is a major problem to be solved in automated machining system. It involves a total system to produce chips that can be evacuated easily and reliably from the working zone and can be disposed of efficiently. In order to realize those, prediction of chip-breaking in machining is one of effective methods. In this paper, to predict the chip breakage systematically, the equivalent parameters concept is used. Through presenting a study of the effect of complicated groove insert equivalent parameters on chip formation and breaking, a predictive model of chip-breaking is constructed. Finally, chip-breaking experiments are made and the tested results show that differential chip-breaking point’s ratio is fewer than five percent, so it proves that the chip-breaking predictive model is reasonable.
MCA Model for Chip Breaking and Curling of Orthogonal Cutting
Authors: Tan Guang Yu , Liu Guang Jun , Li Guang Hui
Published: August 2015

The Movable Cellular Automata (MCA) method is introduced into the analysis of cutting process, and is employed to build the discretised MCA tool-chip model of orthogonal cutting. The chip breaking and curling rule are proposed to determine the MCA local rule. The simple local rule and discretised method are presented to describe the continuous process of chip’s formation and breaking. The states’ rule of a cell and its neighbors can be used to predict and calculate the chips’ breaking and curling. The numerical calculation and a numerical example in the process of chip breaking and curling are proposed.
Study on Precision Polishing Using Gelatin Stone
Authors: Sakamoto Satoshi , Hiroshi Usuki , Kondo Yasuo , Yamaguchi Kenji , Katta Hiroki , Ando Hiroki
Published: August 2015

A gelatin stone having a new polishing mechanism that can polish a free-form surface is proposed in this study. The gelatin based stone can easily control the hardness and the melting point by changing the density, the cooling condition and the kinds of additives. The main conclusions obtained in this study are as follows. The proposed gelatin stone can polish the surface of various materials. The high density of gelatin is suited for a gelatin stone. Surface roughness improves as the polishing time gets longer. Polishing by gelatin stone needs a high-speed relative motion.
Mechanism of Material Softening in Primary Shear Zone during Serrated Chip Formation in High Speed Machining of High Strength Steel
Authors: Duan Chun Zheng , Wang Min Jie , Cai Yu Jun
Published: August 2015

The metallurgical observations of microstructure characteristics of the adiabatic shear bands(ASB) within the primary shear zones of the serrated chips produced during high speed machining high strength steel have been performed by using optical microscope, SEM and TEM. The observations showed that the microstructure between the matrix and the center of the ASB gradually was changed, the fine equiaxed grains appeared with size of about 0.4～0.6μm in the center of the adiabatic shear band. The serrated chip formation was likely due to material softening that occurred in the primary shear zones. The microstructural development of dynamic recovery and rotational dynamic recrystallization is the dominant metallurgical process leading to material softening in primary shear zone during high speed machining. A model of microstructural development in primary shear zone during serrated chip formation in high speed machining was suggested by analyzing material softening mechanism.
Determining Modulus of Elasticity of Structural Lumber with Vibration Methods
Authors: Zhang Hou Jiang , Cui Ying Ying , Wang Chao Zhi , Su Juan
Published: August 2015

In order to study fundamental methods for determining modulus of elasticity (MOE) of structural lumber with vibration methods, the theoretical basis of the measurement is introduced and a hanging style testing system, which consists of an impulse hammer, accelerometer, computer, etc., is built up. It is found that transverse vibration method can determine resonant frequencies of structural lumber specimens effectively. On the specimen, the distance between impact point and detection point should be as far as possible, i.e. the two points should be situated near the two ends of the specimen. The test results are not influenced by using different supports ––– springs or soft strings. Compared with modulus of elasticity values derived by traditional bending methods, the modulus of elasticity obtained by the transverse vibration method are larger. Also, the both have a very good correlation. Therefore, the vibration testing method can be used to determine lumber MOE. Finally, in order for research results to be truly applied to practices, a portable lumber MOE testing equipment based on simply supported beam vibration was developed. This equipment is suitable for determining dynamic MOE and, consequently, for stress grading structural lumber.
Study on Deep Hole Honing Based on Squeeze Film Technology
Authors: Yu Tian Biao , Wen Rui , Gong Ya Dong , Wang Wan Shan
Published: August 2015

. In order to improve quality of deep hole finishing, a new method of deep hole honing based on squeeze film technology is put forward. According to fluid lubricates theory, Renault equation of deep hole honing squeeze film damper (SFD) is established, squeeze film force is solved by immense short bearing theory and the effect of the eccentricity of SFD on the damping coefficient is analyzed by MATLAB. Spindle of deep hole honing with SFD is designed based on theory research, and experimental research is carried on. Experimental result shows that SFD with reasonable design parameters has excellent damping function to honing spindle, and it can make vibration of honing spindle reduced 20%～30% and quality of deep hole machining improved 10%～20%.
Experimental Investigations into Roughness Finished by Abrasive Jet with Grinding Wheel as Restraint
Authors: Li Chang He , Hou Ya Li , Liu Guo Yu , Lu Bing Heng
Published: August 2015

The process technique on abrasive jet finishing process with wheel as restrain was investigated by experimental. The effects of different particle size, abrasive concentration, machining cycles, the velocity of grinding wheel and medium type on surface quality were analyzed. Experiments were performed with plane grinder M7120 and workpiece material 40Cr steel. The machined surface morphology was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and microscope and microcosmic geometry parameters were measured with TALYSYURF5 instrument respectively. The experimental results under percentage 10 abrasive concentration, Al2O3 abrasive particle with W7 size and machining 20～30 circles showing the novelty process method, not only to attain higher surface form accuracy, to diminish grinding defects such as severely deformation, surface layer pollution and ground burnout, but also to can acquire efficiently free defects finishing surface with Ra0.15～1.6µm and finally achieve high efficiency, high precision and low roughness values. Furthermore, integrate grinding process and abrasive jet finishing process into one feature.
Mechanical Grinding: An Effective Method to Control the Conductivity of p-Toluene Sulfonic Acid Doped Polypyrrole
Authors: Zhou Fu Fang , Zhai Bao Gai , She Zhuo Ran , Huang Yuan Ming , Pan Chun Xu
Published: August 2015

With four-probe and laser light scattering techniques, we have studied the dependencies of the conductivity and the particle sizes of p-toluene sulfonic acid doped polypyrrole on the mechanical grinding time. As the chemically synthesized polypyrrole was mechanically grounded in a mortar from 0 to 8 hours, its conductivity decreased from 607 to 10 S/m while and its particle size decreased from 27 to 4 m. If the mechanical grinding continued, the conductivity of the polymer was found to be up to 1680 S/m. Our results have demonstrated that mechanical grinding is an effective method to control the conductivity of the p-toluene sulfonic acid doped polypyrrole.
Study on Edge Contact Area and Surface Integrity of Workpiece in Point Grinding Process
Authors: Xiu Shi Chao , Geng Zhi Jie , Cai Guang Qi
Published: August 2015

During cylindrical grinding process, the geometric configuration and size of the edge contact area between the grinding wheel and workpiece have the heavy effects on the workpiece surface integrity. In consideration of the differences between the point grinding and the conventional high speed cylindrical grinding, the geometric and mathematic models of the edge contact area in point grinding were established. Based on the models, the numerical simulation for the edge contact area was performed. By means of the point grinding experiment, the effect mechanism of the edge contact area on the ground surface integrity was investigated. These will offer the applied theoretic foundations for optimizing the point grinding angles, depth of cut, wheel and workpiece speed, geometrical configuration and size of CBN wheel and some other grinding parameters in point grinding process.
Application of Minimum Quantity Lubrication when Drilling Nickel-Based Superalloy at High Cutting Speed
Authors: Rahim Erween Abdul , Sasahara Hiroyuki
Published: August 2015

Nowadays, an increase on demands of aerospace components has led to implementation of high speed machining (HSM). The principal factors in the performance of aerospace materials are strength-to-weight ratio, fatigue life, fracture toughness, survivability and of course, reliability. However, when HSM is coupled with dry or near dry machining, it will present considerable technical challenges to the manufacturing sector especially when the integrity of the machined surface is concerned. In this investigation, the effect of high speed drilling (HSD) conditions on the performance and surface integrity of Inconel 718 were studied. Hole was drilled individually using TiAlN coated carbide insert drill (14 mm in diameter) under minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL) condition. Results showed that uniform flank wear and chipping were the dominant tool failure modes. Moreover, the results showed an increase in cutting temperature with increasing cutting speed and feed rate. Thrust force and torque decreased linearly with the increasing cutting speed but significantly increased when higher feed rate is employed. Cutting speed significantly influenced the distribution of surface roughness value. Variations of hardness readings were recorded beneath the machined surfaces, they were due to the hardening effects caused by concentration of high temperature and stresses on the workpiece.
Investigation of Surface Treatment Method by High-Speed Scanning of Single-Mode Fiber Laser with MOPA
Authors: Okamoto Yasuhiro , Uno Yoshiyuki , Mohri Tetsuomi , Izawa Taito
Published: August 2015

A newly surface treatment method was proposed by the combination of the high-speed laser scanning with Galvano scanner and the single-mode pulsed fiber laser with Master Oscillator Power Amplifier, and various periodic structures could be formed by this technique. The surface roughness of irradiated area increased almost proportionally with increasing the number of laser scan, and it could be controlled by the number of scan. The repellency of surface could be increased by the laser irradiation compared to that of ground surface under nitrogen atmosphere condition, while the hydrophilic property of surface could be improved by the laser scanning under air atmosphere condition. Moreover, it was found that the corrosion resistance of the surface could be improved by laser irradiation.
The Micro-Mechanism of Vibration Cutting Stress Wave and the Analysis of Macro-Processing Effect
Authors: Yao Jia , Lu Wei , Liu Chun Shan
Published: August 2015

The specification of the vibration cutting loading is a decision factor for the generation of stress wave and the stress wave propagation has a significant impact on its micro-mechanism. Making the stress waves’ generation in the cutting area of vibration cutting for entry point, the analysis of internal inflection wave, inflection fracture and dynamic stress intensity factor has been carried out, the simulation of vibration cutting has also been done by finite element method, the essential of energy concentrated role, shear angle increment and cutting quality improvement has been explained.
Study on Electrical Discharge Machining Characteristics of Electrically Conductive Ceramics
Authors: Wang Hai , Okada Akira , Uwano Takafumi , Uno Yoshiyuki , Sameh Habib
Published: August 2015

This paper deals with EDM characteristics of newly develops electrically conductive ceramics. Titanium boride (TiB2) is widely used as die and mold materials because of its high hardness, high-temperature resistance and so on. The EDM characteristics of the titanium boride, such as electrode wear rate, removal rate and surface roughness were investigated. Experimental results show that EDM with low electrode wear rate is possible when copper electrode is used with positive polarity. The removal rate becomes much higher when graphite electrode is used with negative polarity.
Experimental Research on Pulse Generator for EDM of Non-Conductive Ceramics
Authors: Zhang Hai Feng , Liu Yong Hong , Chen Ji Ming , Shen Rong , Cai Bao Ping , Wang Da Wei
Published: August 2015

On the basis of analysis of disadvantage to conventional pulse generator, a kind of new Energy-Saving EDM pulse generator is developed to machine non-conductive ceramics in this paper. The pulse generator is provided with function of self-adapting voltage-adjusting Al2O3 ceramics is machined to use the generator by EDM assistant electrode synchronization servo machine tool. Results indicate the pulse generator can availably improve the energy availability and discharging efficiency
The Analysis on the Stability of Diamond Wire Saw Cutting Process for the Silicon
Authors: Zhao Li Gang , Zuo Dun Wen , Sun Yu Li , Wang Min
Published: August 2015

. In this paper, the model of fixed abrasive diamond wire saw has been set up, and its cutting mechanism has been discussed. Then, the material removal rate model and wire saw cutting efficiency model have been established. the speed of wire saw, the number of the dynamic effective abrasive and the workpiece feed rate have been analyzed to study their impaction on the stability of cutting process. Finally, some rules and suggestions were brought forward.
Study on Bio-Limited Forming Technology Based on the Nano-Composite Electroless Coating
Authors: Lian Zhi Yang , Chen Bo , Cai Jun , Zhang Wen Qiang , Zhang Peng , Zhang De Yuan
Published: August 2015

The nano-composite electroless coating was introduced into bio-limited forming technology for the first time, and the feasibility of the nano-composite electroless coating on microorganism was verified. The composite coated microorganism was analyzed by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results showed that stirring method would make significant effect on the content of nano-particles in the composite coating. And compared with mechanical stirring, the magnetical stirring makes the content of Fe in the composite coating increase almost twice. The co-deposition mechanism of the composite coating was also discussed.
Effect of Surface Topography on Stress Distribution of Vacuum Plate Glass for Different Aluminum Alloy Braced Pillars
Authors: Miao Hong , Zuo Dun Wen , Zhang Rui Hong , Zhang Jian Feng
Published: August 2015

: The effect of different surface topography on stress distribution of vacuum plate glass for the aluminum alloy braced pillars was analyzed by electrometric method. The results show that the maximum stress exists at the interfaces of all experimental glasses sheet and the top and bottom sides of a brace. The conclusion that the size of contact area between braced pillar and glass has an impact on stress distribution of the glass is obtained. The stress-strain field of different vacuum plate glasses was analyzed by the finite element method. The stress distribution of their important sides was obtained such as sealing side, supporting side and braced pillar. The experimental results are shown that high precision of the brace height and good flatness of the glass sheet considerably improve vacuum plate glass quality，such as its strength，its dependability and service life.
Cutting Characteristics of CFRP Materials with End Milling
Authors: Inoue Takashi , Hagino Masahiro , Matsui Masao , Gu Li Wei
Published: August 2015

This paper presents the results of groove and end face milling of CFRP materials by high speed steel end mill tools and polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and TiAlN-coated tungsten carbide end mill tools. The experimental results of end-face milling show carbon fibers on the surface of all the tools used in this experiment. However, the carbon fibers do not occur in groove milling when using PCD coated tools. In addition, the distribution of the carbon fibers of CFRP composites changed with the cutting temperature and cutting force. The overall result shows PCD-coated tools have longer tool life compared to high speed steel and TiAlN-coated end mill tools in processing carbon reinforced plastic composites.
Gloss Evaluation Method for Metal Surface with Hairline Using Patterned Area Illumination
Authors: Sugino Tadanori , Satozono Yumi , Yamane Yasuo
Published: August 2015

Gloss evaluation of a metal surface is important for the quality as the product. In general, gloss of a metal surface is influenced by specular reflection of light on the surface. Therefore to evaluate the specular reflection is almost the same as the evaluation of the gloss. We propose the method to evaluate the specular reflection using patterned area illumination. In the specular reflection, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Consequently when lights (rays) of the area illumination which has a stripe pattern are projected to a glossy metal surface, the stripe pattern occurs on the reflection image by the mirror-like reflection and the sharpness of the stripe pattern of the image has information of the specular reflection on the surface. This character is applied for the metal surface with hairline. The metal surface with hairline has different gloss feeling at different point of view. When the direction of the stripe pattern of the illumination is changed, the sharpness of stripe pattern on the reflection image varies owing to the surface roughness of hairline. Therefore we can evaluate the glossiness for various directions by rotating the stripe pattern. This paper shows the availability of the proposed method through the experiment.
Experimental Study on the Cutting Temperature Using Work-Tool Thermocouple while Machining TC4
Authors: Zhang Bo , Chen Wu Yi , Liu Dong
Published: August 2015

The machining of titanium alloys classified as difficult machining materials. It is a major problem how to improve the machining efficiency of titanium alloys. The TC4 and YS8 natural thermocouple pair was calibrated and the variation of electromotive force with change of temperature was obtained. The calibrated results were used to measure the cutting temperature while machining TC4 and the variation regulation of cutting temperature with cutting speed was obtained.
Study on the Surface Integrity of Micro-Ultrasonic Machined Glass-Ceramic Material
Authors: Fan Wei Haw , Chao Choung Lii , Chou Wen Chen , Chen Ta Tung , Chao Chung Woei
Published: August 2015

Ultrasonic machining (USM) technique has long been used for fabricating various patterns and drilling holes on brittle materials. However, the surfaces generated by USM are normally rather rough and covered by deep penetrated cracks. This has greatly limited USM being used in micro-machining and fine machining. This research aimed to study the surface integrity of the USMed surface and develop a feasible way to minimize the scattered cracks so that good surface finish could be achieved. Machining parameters such as type and concentration of abrasive particles, grit size, and feed rate were systematically investigated to check their influences on the surface obtained. A ‘multi-stage’ micro-USM process was developed in this study and surface with Ra value better than 0.2m was achieved using the proposed process.
Developments of Metallic Foams in Thailand
Authors: Asavavisithchai Seksak
Published: August 2015

Metallic foam is currently one of very active research topics in worldwide research communities, owing to its high potential to be employed in numerous industrial applications. Around 150 institutions are reported to be working in metallic foam research and development. In Thailand, it has been a research focus of universities and research institutes for many years. Most of them involve fabrication, characterization, improvement of metallic foam quality and process, and development of novel metallic foams. The majority of metallic foam research is conducted at Chulalongkorn University. The present article reports a review of metallic foam researches in Thailand.
Effect of Pre-Weld Heat Treatment Temperatures on TIG Welded Microstructures on Nickel Base Superalloy, GTD-111
Authors: Rojhirunsakool Tanaporn , Thongpian Duangkwan , Chuankrerkkul Nutthita , Wangyao Panyawat
Published: August 2015

Nickel-base superalloys have been used as high temperature materials in land-base gas turbine application. When subjected to long term, high temperature service, large crack propagation was observed. Typical refurbishment method of these turbines is carried out by using TIG welding followed by post-weld standard heat treatment. However, new crack initiation is found in the heat-affected zone after TIG welding. Pre-weld heat treatment has been discovered to improves final γ + γ’ microstructure. This study focuses on the effect of pre-weld heat treatment temperature on final γ + γ’ microstructure. Seven different conditions of pre-weld heat treatment temperature were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy studies were carried out after pre-weld and post-weld heat treatments to compare the γ + γ’ microstructure and capture microcracks. The best pre-weld heat treatment temperature produces uniform distribution of finely dispersed γ’ precipitates in the γ matrix without post-weld crack.
Effect of Electrolytes on Quality Characteristics of Glass during ECDM
Authors: Kumar Gupta Pankaj , Dvivedi Akshay , Kumar Pradeep
Published: August 2015

Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is an ideal process for machining of nonconductive materials in micro-domain. The material removal takes place due to combined action of localised sparks and electrolysis in an electrolytic chamber. The electrolyte is most important process parameter for ECDM as it governs spark action as well as electrolysis. This article presents a comparison of three preferred electrolytes used in ECDM viz. NaCl, KOH and NaOH on drilling of glass workpiece material. The quality characteristics measured are material removal rate (MRR) and hole overcut. Results reveal that NaOH provides 9.7 and 3.8 times higher MRR than NaCl and KOH respectively. MRR and hole overcut are found significantly affected by spark characteristics.
Drilled Hole Technique for Created Single Point Incremental Forming Limited Diagram
Authors: Rattanachan Kittiphat
Published: August 2015

To produce the forming limited diagram for predicting and studying material behavior in sheet metal forming, grid etching or grid marking on blank surface are applied before forming. But in single point incremental forming process, sheet metal blanks are subjected to highly strain or highly deformation which the conventional gridding is no longer to be occurred on the surface of formed part. And some material such as titanium, nickel based alloy etc are difficulty to etch the grid marks on its surface. So this paper is proposed the drilling hole technique to substitute with the grid etching technique in single point incremental forming process. The holes 2 mm. diameter were drilled on the SUS 304 stainless steel blank before forming. The deformed holes are calculated as true major strain and true minor strain and plot into a forming limited diagram. The results are compared with the conventional etching techniques which show an according trend. The drilling hole technique could be used in study the material behavior in single point incremental forming, it a low cost convenient and easy than grid etching technique.
Synthesis and Characterization of PdCoNi Nanocomposites Supported on Graphene as Anodic Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Meeying Siriporn , Viravathana Pinsuda , Wongchaisuwat Atchana , Tangbunsuk Siree
Published: August 2015

PdCoNi nanocomposites supported on graphene (PdCoNi/G) have been obtained from chemical reduction of metal catalysts and graphite oxide (GO) with a strong reducing agent, followed by calcination at high temperature under N2 condition, and used for electrooxidation of methanol in direct methanol fuel cell. The morphologies and structural properties of electrocatalysts were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray spectroscopy techniques (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS) was used to investigate the chemical state of the synthesized catalysts. The results of Pd XPS spectra showed the metallic Pd and PdO phases for precalcined and calcined PdCoNi/G nanocomposite, respectively. The X-ray measurement of Co and Ni displayed the various metallic oxides in synthesized electrocatalysts. For electrochemical analysis, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) indicated that the PdCoNi/G nanocomposites enhanced the methanol oxidation, compared to the lower activity in the calcined electrocatalysts.
Multi-Agent Control System for the Movement of Uniaxial Objects
Authors: Mrozek Mirosław
Published: August 2015

Multi-agent systems are used mainly in IT solutions and control groups of robots. From the point of view of classical control architectures, they are a kind of distributed systems in which nodes perform advanced algorithms, usually associated with the technology of artificial intelligence, and they can be considered as agents. The article describes the multi-agents control system of objects of uniaxial movements. An example of such a system to control a repository with movable racks with electric motors is presented. Each rack acts as an agent through the implemented control of the resources of embedded microcontrollers. Such a system provides high quality control, guaranteeing long-lasting, trouble-free operation while maintaining the safety of both service and stored items.
Pneumatic System in a Device for Erosive Wear Tests
Authors: Mizak Wojciech
Published: August 2015

The Institute for Sustainable Technologies – National Research Institute developed a device for erosive wear tests that enables the experimental reconstruction of the erosion process and the empirical modelling with the use of which the assumed operational life of a given material can be determined with reference to the influence of the erosion processes. The author presents the architecture and the functionality of a pneumatic system employed in the device simulating the erosive wear processes. He discusses the functions of individual actuators and the hardware solutions used in this system. Additionally, the research problems encountered during the design and the verification of the prototype of the device are analysed. The instrumentation enables the reconstruction of real operation conditions of structural elements and the simulation of different experimental reactions with the possibility to model their intensity. The developed pneumatic system is an integral part of the device that can be useful for both researchers and designers, because it helps to explain physical aspects of the erosion of materials.
Innovative Metal Forming Techniques Developed at the Lublin University of Technology
Authors: Pater Zbigniew , Tomczak Janusz , Bulzak Tomasz
Published: August 2015

This study presents innovative metal forming techniques that have been developed at the Lublin University of Technology in Lublin, Poland, including rotary compression, cross wedge rolling and roll forging. Dozens of Polish patents and several European patents have been granted for inventions based on the use of the above forming techniques. This study gives an overview of applications of these innovative techniques for producing stepped axes and shafts (including hollow and gear shafts) that are made of steel and light metal alloys (aluminium, titanium). It also presents prototype machines for forming metals and metal alloys.
Evaluation of Durability of Haulage System Based on Low Fatigue Cycle Test and FEM Analysis
Authors: Piekło Jarosław , Maj Maria , Żuczek Robert , Zachura Adam
Published: August 2015

The use of the innovative design of gears segments of drivetrain engine of a longwall shearer’s haulage system with highly loaded components has improved tribological pairs of gear-tooth. The elimination of structurally complex sets of gears allowed to reduce the cost of individual component of the system, reduction of the failure rate and significantly improve the processes of repair and maintenance.
The article presents the results of experimental and numerical analysis of stress and strain variables in highly loaded gear element of haulage system. The experimental studies of L20HGSNM steel alloy from which the casting was produced included basic research of strength properties of the material and two types of fatigue tests: in the range of a small number of cycles - a classic LFC and modified MLCF test. Acquired material properties of the steel alloy allowed to create material characteristics and fatigue strength curve, which were used in FEM calculations. Based on the results of numerical calculations and multiaxial criteria the fatigue life of the casting gears were evaluated.
Transmission Proprieties of Overhead and Cable LV Power Lines – The Comparison in the Frequency Spectrum from 3 kHz to 150 kHz
Authors: Kiedrowski Piotr
Published: August 2015

In the present paper, the comparison results of two main kinds of the power lines are presented, namely, overhead lines and cable lines. The analysis was done in the low-voltage mains network in the frequencies identified by the CENELEC organization for a narrowband transmission using low-cost PLC modems. The currently data transmission with the use of the PLC technique finds increasing use in the area of the communication for the Smart Grid, especially because of Smart Metering and Smart Lighting systems development. Independently form the implementation of the PLC transmission technique, a process of replacement of overhead lines with cable ones is carried out. Undoubtedly this process must have an influence on the transmission prosperities over the mains network. This paper is aimed to show differences in the secondary transmission parameter of the two main constructional types of low-voltage lines, which have the same electro-power parameter. The influence of these differences on the transmission quality is also discussed. The study has been limited to aluminium and copper wires and was made in the low-voltage mains network.
The Influence of Microstructure of Nanomultilayer AlN-CrN-TiN Coatings on their Tribological Properties at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Kacprzyńska-Gołacka Joanna , Smolik Jerzy , Mazurkiewicz Adam , Bujak Jan , Garbacz Halina , Wieciński Piotr
Published: August 2015

One of the most effective ways of shaping the operating parameters of functional elements is to modify the properties of a surface layer using modern technologies of surface engineering. The prospective directions in the development of surface engineering solutions are nanomultilayer coatings that enable effective shaping of surface layer properties. A very important factor in designing properties of PVD coatings, apart from their chemical composition, is their microstructure.The paper presents the influence of the microstructure of the nanomultilayer AlN-CrN-TiN coating on their tribological properties at elevated temperatures. The research methods were concentrated on the analysis of mechanical properties, microstructure, and tribological properties at increased temperatures. The studies on mechanical properties included tests on hardness using the nanoindentation method and tests on adhesion using the scratchtest method. The analysis of microstructure was performed using scanning microscopy. The tribological properties at high temperature were examined using the ball-on-disc method. The authors indicate that the AlN-CrN-TiN layers are characterised by excellent mechanical properties and tribological resistance. In this paper, the authors confirm that the microstructure of a nanomultilayer coating is important in shaping the mechanical and tribological properties of a PVD coating.