bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Search of Madame Blavatsky
Authors: Viswanathan Gauri
Published: February 2018

Widely considered to be one of the most influential occultists of modern times, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831–91) was equally a cultural critic and theorist of religion. This essay examines Blavatsky’s reading practices and the interpretive protocols she followed in challenging the hegemony of certain knowledge structures, whose origin she located in religious orthodoxy. A key point of her critique was that dominant religions consigned competing theories of the world to oblivion by denouncing them as heresies or blasphemies. These so-called heresies were, for her, lost or esoteric knowledge, just as magic was a placeholder for religious debates erased from the historical record. Maintaining that the dislocated past can only be salvaged by nonrational experiences, Blavatsky shifted the weight of truth from the exoteric to the esoteric, thereby creating a space for the recovery of core meanings through such eclectic means as memory, imagination, and the paranormal faculties.
Hypercalcemia associated with cosmetic injections: a systematic review
Authors: Tachamo Niranjan , Donato Anthony , Timilsina Bidhya , Nazir Salik , Lohani Saroj , Dhital Rashmi , Basnet Sijan
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Cosmetic injections with silicone and polymethylmethacrylate are not FDA approved for augmentation of body parts such as breast, buttock or legs, but they have been widely used for decades. Cosmetic injections can cause foreign body granulomas and occasionally severe and life-threatening hypercalcemia. We aimed to systematically analyze the published literature on cosmetic injection-associated hypercalcemia.

Methods

We searched relevant articles on hypercalcemia associated with various cosmetic injections and extracted relevant data on demographics, cosmetic injections used, severity of hypercalcemia, management and outcomes.

Results

We identified 23 eligible patients from 20 articles. Mean age was 49.83 ± 14.70 years with a female preponderance (78.26% including transgender females). Silicone was most commonly used, followed by polymethylmethacrylate and paraffin oil (43.48, 30.43, and 8.70% respectively). The buttock was the most common site followed by the breast (69.57% and 39.13% respectively). Hypercalcemia developed at mean duration of 7.96 ± 7.19 years from the initial procedure. Mean ionized calcium at presentation was 2.19 ± 0.61 mmol/L and mean corrected calcium at presentation was 3.43 ± 0.31 mmol/L. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D or calcitriol) was elevated while 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and PTH were low in majority of cases. Hypercalcemia was managed conservatively with hydration, corticosteroids and bisphosphonates in majority of cases. Surgery was attempted in 2 cases but was unsuccessful. Renal failure was the most common complication (82.35% cases) and 2 patients died.

Conclusion

Hypercalcemia from cosmetic injections can be severe and life threatening and can present years after the initial procedure. Cosmetic injection-associated granuloma should be considered a cause of hypercalcemia, especially in middle-aged females presenting with non-PTH-mediated, non-malignant hypercalcemia, which is often associated with elevated calcitriol; however, it should be noted that calcitriol level may be normal as well.
Estimación de costo de software: Una propuesta de aplicación pedagógica de COCOMO
Authors: Garita-González Gabriela , Lizano-Madriz Fulvio
Published: February 2018

Los planes de estudio de ciencias de la computación y carreras afines evidencian una brecha importante en torno a la temática de estimación de costos de proyectos de software.  En general, en los modelos curriculares relacionados con el desarrollo de software, se recomienda la temática de la estimación en el desarrollo del software sin especificar ningún modelo de estimación en concreto.  En abono a lo anterior, dichos modelos tienen la particularidad de que son difíciles de entender y los ejemplos existentes en la bibliografía suelen ser muy vagos sin considerar contextos cercanos a la realidad.  En este artículo se presenta una propuesta de aplicación pedagógica del modelo de estimación de costos COCOMO en las modalidades básica e intermedia orientada a la magnitud del producto final.  El modelo incluye seis apartados necesarios para un adecuado abordaje pedagógico.  Lo primero que se define es su fundamento teórico esquematizado de forma resumida.  Además, se presenta un caso real de estudio, ejemplos resueltos, la propuesta pedagógica y el análisis respectivo.  La relevancia de este trabajo se fundamenta en el hecho de que se facilita la enseñanza del tema de estimación del costo del software, de forma práctica y contextualizada en un caso real.
The Relationship between L1/L2 Literacy and L3 Acquisition/Odnos između J1/J2 pismenosti i ovladavanja trećim jezikom
Authors: Moghtadi Laleh
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe present study examined the role of L1 and L2 literacy in the acquisition of English (L3) relative clauses. It was based on a correlational research design and included 100 female high school students from two educational districts of Tabriz (an Azeri-speaking city in Iran). The Oxford Solutions Placement Test, a questionnaire, and two syntactic structure tests were administered to the participants. The statistical analyses revealed: (1) no significant correlation between the bilinguals' level of literacy skills in their L1 and their acquisition of English (L3) relative clauses; (2) a significant correlation between the bilinguals' level of literacy skills in their L2 and their acquisition of English (L3) relative clauses.Key words: bilingualism; first and second language; literacy skills; third language acquisition. ---SažetakU ovom je istraživanju analizirana uloga pismenosti na prvom (J1) i drugom (J2) jeziku u ovladavanju trećim (J3) jezikom kod dvojezičnih ispitanica koje su usvajale relativne rečenice na engleskom jeziku.  Pritom se koristio korelacijski nacrt istraživanja u kojem je sudjelovalo 100 učenica srednje škole, odabranih iz dvaju obrazovnih područja u Tabrizu (grad u Iranu u kojem se govori azerski jezik). Od instrumenata su se koristili: test engleskog jezika (eng. The Oxford Solutions Placement Test), upitnik i dva testa za provjeru znanja o sintaktičkim strukturama. Statističke su analize otkrile da: (1) ne postoji značajna korelacija između razine pismenosti na prvom jeziku kod dvojezičnih učenica i njihova usvajanja relativnih rečenica na engleskom kao trećem jeziku; (2) postoji značajna korelacija između razine pismenosti na drugom jeziku kod dvojezičnih učenica i njihova usvajanja relativnih rečenica na engleskom kao trećem jeziku.Ključne riječi: dvojezičnost; prvi i drugi jezik; vještine čitanja i pisanja; ovladavanje trećim jezikom.
School Achievement and Anxiety among Students Who Attend Extended and After-School Day Care / Školski uspjeh i anksioznost učenika u produženom i cjelodnevnom boravku
Authors: Sakac Marija , Maric Mia , Lipovac Vlasta
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aim of the research was to study the correlation between school achievement and the degree of anxiety and characteristics of its structure among students attending extended and after-school day care. The RCMAS (Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale), a scale that measures anxiety among the population aged 7-19, was applied. The sample consisted of 222 elementary school students from the 1st to the 4th grade attending extended and after-school day care programs. Principal components, Pearson’s correlations, t-test and discriminative analysis were used for statistical analysis. The results are indicative of statistically significant differences in the level of anxiety between very good and excellent students. Students who achieve very good success exhibit significantly higher anxiety in relation to students with excellent achievement. Somatised anxiety and, to a lesser extent, social anxiety are dominant among them. Statistically significant differences on the side of very good students are expressed through forms of anxiety that reflect emotional instability, maladjustment, lack of social conformity, and anxiety caused by a variety of social situations. The somatic anxiety factor mostly contributes to the difference in anxiety characteristics.Key words: anxiety; extended and after-school day care programs; school achievement; students.---SažetakCilj istraživanja bio je ispitati vezu između školskog uspjeha i stupnja anksioznosti, kao i utvrditi oblike anksioznosti kod učenika obuhvaćenih produženim i cjelodnevnim boravkom. U istraživanju se koristio upitnik RCMAS (Revised Children s Manifest Anxiety Scale), koji mjeri razinu anksioznosti kod populacije u dobi od 7 do 19 godina. Uzorak čine 222 učenika, od 1. do 4. razreda osnovne škole, koji su obuhvaćeni produženim i cjelodnevnim boravkom. Primijenjeni su statistička metoda glavnih komponenti, Pirsonova korelacijska analiza, t-test i diskriminacijska analiza. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju statistički značajne razlike u stupnju anksioznosti između vrlo dobrih i odličnih učenika. Učenici vrlo dobrog uspjeha imaju statistički značajno izraženiju anksioznost u odnosu na odlične učenike. Kod njih prevladava somatizirana, a u nešto manjoj mjeri i socijalna anksioznost. Statistički značajne razlike, u korist vrlo dobrih učenika, utvrđene su kod oblika anksioznosti koji označavaju emocionalnu nestabilnost, neprilagođenost, nedostatak socijalnog konformizma, kao i anksioznost izazvanu različitim socijalnim situacijama. Razlika u stupnju anksioznosti najveća je kod somatizirane anksioznosti.Ključne riječi: anksioznost; produženi i cjelodnevni boravak; školski uspjeh; učenici.
Implications of Ancient Roman Education for Modern Educational Processes / Implikacije starorimskog odgoja i obrazovanja u suvremeni odgojno-obrazovni proces
Authors: Ninčević Marjan , Hosni Ino
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe influence of Roman culture on today's civilization, including education, is immeasurable. The modern education system is inconceivable without Roman foundations, which range from Latin as the root of modern scientific terminology to the content of contemporary curricula having many similarities with Roman education. Daily life and practical tasks played an important role in ancient Rome, and the importance of acquiring competences that can be described as expertise, professionalism, and the ability to apply knowledge is emphasised nowadays. The contemporary curriculum is focused on the practical and this is where we find a link to Roman education, which puts practicality and usefulness to the forefront. In this paper, we provide an overview of the history of Roman education by linking it to the modern education system, with an emphasis on formal, non-formal, and informal education and learning. We consider the need to develop programmes which emphasise the practical in primary, secondary, and higher education, the need to strengthen the entrepreneurial competences of students, develop trainings and education for entrepreneurship through formal, non-formal, and informal education and learning, encourage entrepreneurial education in the national context, and transform traditional schools and universities to entrepreneurial ones.Key words: functional and intentional learning; modern education policy; Roman education.---SažetakUtjecaj je rimske kulture na današnju civilizaciju, pa tako i obrazovanje, nemjerljiv. Suvremeni sustav odgoja i obrazovanja nezamisliv je bez rimskih temelja, počevši od suvremene znanstvene terminologije utemeljene velikim dijelom u latinskom jeziku, do samog sadržaja suvremenog kurikula u kojem pronalazimo brojne sličnosti s rimskim odgojem i obrazovanjem. U starorimskom su odgoju svakodnevni život i praktični zadaci imali važnu ulogu, kao što je danas naglašena važnost stjecanja kompetencija koje se mogu opisati upravo kao stručnost, profesionalnost i sposobnost primjene stečenoga znanja. Iz suvremenog kurikula iščitava se usmjerenost prema praktičnom i tu pronalazimo poveznicu s rimskim odgojem, koji je prije svega ono praktično i korisno stavljao u prvi plan. U ovom ćemo radu pružiti pregled povijesti rimskog odgoja i obrazovanja povezujući ga sa suvremenim sustavom obrazovanja, uz naglasak na formalno, neformalno i informalno obrazovanje i učenje. Razmatra se potreba razvoja programa s naglaskom na praktično u osnovnom, srednjem i visokom školstvu, potreba jačanja poduzetničkih kompetencija učenika i studenata, osposobljavanje i obrazovanje za poduzetništvo putem formalnog, neformalnog i informalnog obrazovanja i učenja, poticanje poduzetničkog obrazovanja u nacionalnom kontekstu, transformacije škola i sveučilišta iz tradicionalnih u poduzetničke.Ključne riječi: funkcionalno i intencionalno učenje; rimsko obrazovanje; suvremena obrazovna politika.
Cognitive inflexibility in a young woman with pyromania
Authors: Blum Austin W. , Odlaug Brian L. , Grant Jon E.
Published: February 2018

Background

Pyromania is a rare disorder that is characterized by multiple episodes of deliberate and purposeful fire-setting. It is typically associated with significant psychosocial dysfunction and legal problems. Even so, little research has examined cognitive aspects of the disorder.

Case presentation/study

In this study, we compared a 24-year-old woman with pyromania with 19 age- and gender-matched healthy controls using a battery of computerized neurocognitive tasks. Our participant affected by pyromania showed impaired cognitive flexibility but intact functioning on measures of impulsive action and decision-making.

Discussion

Although pyromania shares phenomenological similarities with other urge-driven disorders, our results suggest that pyromania may have features of compulsivity as well.

Conclusions

Pyromania is relatively understudied from a neurobiological perspective. Further research is needed to understand the pathophysiology, classification, and treatment of pyromania.
A rede social acadêmica researchgate como mecanismo de visibilidade e internacionalização da produção científica brasileira e portuguesa na área de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação
Authors: Ribeiro Raimunda Araujo , Oliveira Lídia , Furtado Cassia
Published: February 2018

RESUMO Este estudo analisa a problemática da comunicação no seio das comunidades científicas da área de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação e como as redes sociais on-line se configuram como novos espaços de disponibilização da documentação científica e interação dos investigadores. O foco deste estudo é o contributo da presença on-line dos investigadores das áreas em análise para a promoção da visibilidade e internacionalização do trabalho académico desenvolvido. Realizou-se o levantamento da presença dos referidos investigadores na Rede Social ResearchGate (http://www.ResearchGate.net), suas motivações e percepções acerca da importância dessa presença para a visibilidade e internacionalização do trabalho de pesquisa que realizam. As motivações que nos levaram a escolher como cenários de investigação essas comunidades científicas no contexto brasileiro e português, dentre vários aspectos, destaca-se, a identificação com a temática e o interesse em contribuir com a comunidade científica dessa área no contexto Brasil e Portugal, a partir dos resultados desta investigação, que sublinham indicadores e subsídios necessários para a discussão nessa área, centrados nos seguintes eixos: internacionalização e visibilidade, tecnologias digitais e ensino superior e comunicação da ciência em rede. A análise destes resultados permite gerar uma compreensão do papel desempenhado por estes novos espaços híbridos entre arquivo e espaço de interação, na dinâmica de comunicação da comunidade acadêmica e científica da área da Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação.
Denizli'deki İntihar Ölümlerinin Analizi 10 Yıllık Retrospektif Otopsi Çalışması
Authors: Demir Sümeyra , Yazar Mustafa Eray , Kurtuluş Dereli Ayşe , Acar Kemalettin
Published: February 2018

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to examine the characteristics of suicides in demographic way and to investigate whether it forms difference in various aspects mainly the suicide methods chosen in the subsequent years and especially whether there is an increase in the rate of suicide with firearms.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 444 suicide autopsies which were performed Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine Department between 2007 and 2016 were examined in terms of the changes in parameters such as age, gender, suicide site chosen and suicide method, the distribution of the suicides due to the seasons and years.
Results: Seventy-nine-point one percent of the events are male and 20.9% of them are women. The suicides are seen mostly in 19-30 age group. Hanging was seen to be the most chosen suicide method with 52.3% and the use of firearms follows this with 28.4%. It was noted that the method of firearm suicides increased in the subsequent years and this increase rate was found to be higher in young men.
Conclusion: It is observed that a significant increase in the suicides depending on firearms. The fact that the adolescents and young adult males form the risky group indicates that it should be careful about the individuals in this group. New regulations related to the possession and conveyance both the shotgun and firearms and the effective struggle with all kinds of unlicensed gun should also be included in the suicide prevention programs and protocols.
Yazı ve İmza İncelemelerinde Kesişen Çizgilerin Yazılma Sırasının Belirlenmesi
Authors: Hamzaoğlu Nurcan , Yavuz Mustafa Fatih
Published: February 2018

Objective: In this study, how effectively the stereo microscopes can be used in the crossings created using both the same kind of (ballpoint pen) ink (homogeneous) and different types of (pen/inkjet-laser printer) inks (heterogeneous).
Material and Methods: In order to decide the effectiveness of the stereo microscope in detecting the upside-down relation of the crossing lines and the time of the formation for these lines, homogeneous and heterogeneous crossing line samples prepared by using 3 different black ballpoint pens, 3 different blue ballpoint pens, laser printer and inkjet printer are analyzed by fourteen experienced document examination experts via their own methods and by authors using stereo microscope.
Results: In the examinations conducted by fourteen document examination experts with loop; the total line detection rate in the heterogeneous samples where the laser printer and inkjet printer prints and the ink lines are crossing changes between 33% and 83%, and the average detection rate is 60%. However, in the homogeneous samples created with black and blue ballpoint pens, line detection rates were found to be significantly low in determining the order of the crossing lines. Average line detection rate is 43%.
In the same samples, an examination was carried authors by using stereo microscope; while  reliable results could not be obtained in the homogeneous crossings, confidential results were obtained in the heterogeneous crossings.
Conclusions: Consequently, it was decided that the formation order by stereo microscope can be capably and effectively determined in the heterogeneous crossings consisting of ballpoint pen and printer print.
Ebeveyne Yabancılaşma Olgusu - Reddedilen Ebeveyn Olarak Baba
Authors: Üner Altuntaş Gülden Elçim , Ziyalar Neylan
Published: February 2018

Objective: Parental Alienation is defined as an unfair, continuous and persistent rejection of a parent in the influence of the other parent. In this study, it was aimed to bring out the mechanisms and the origins affecting the Parental Alienation and to expose the perceptions of the father as rejected parent.
Materials and Methods: The study sample consists of 111 participants -38 fathers and 73 children- from 54 divorcing families at Istanbul Courthouse 9th Family Court. Social Demographic Data Form for determining the demographic features of participants, Baker Alienation Questionnaire for determining Parental Alienation in and Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI) for determining parental attitudes of fathers were used. In order to clarify the fathers’ perspective on Parental Alienation in-depth interview was conducted.
Quantitative data were calculated by descriptive statistics, Chi Square Test and Kruskal Wallis Test, significance level was accepted as .05. Qualitative data, collected from in-depth interviews, were analyzed by the “content analysis”.
Results: The study exhibited that 42.5% of participant children had Parental Alienation to their fathers. The claims of domestic violence and physical violence against children, the father-child contact after separation and fathers’ ages were associated with the Parental Alienation. Children tended to show Parental Alienation behaviors to the fathers more frequently if there was alienation in siblings and the children of the fathers who had authoritarian, democratic and protective attitudes in childrearing were shown less Parental Alienation. According to the content analysis 4 major categories as; accusations against mothers, feelings of weakening in paternal identity and loss in father's rights and memories about their fatherhood experiences before the separation were determined.
Conclusion: Parental Alienation is frequently seen in the divorce incidents and the rejected fathers express more troubles.
Meslekte Kazanma Gücü Kaybı Oranları ile Takdir Oranlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı Olguları
Authors: Kadı Mehmet Resul , Kadı Gülsüm , Balcı Yasemin , Göçeoğlu Ümit Ünüvar
Published: February 2018

Objective: Evaluation of the permanent disability rates and clinical regulation rates of the cases ofMuğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Medical Faculty, Forensic Medicine Department. Which disabilities are appraised and the rate of appreciation are revealed. The aim is to determine the limitations of the relevant Regulation in the application and to develop suggestions.
Materials and Methods: Between June 2015-December 2016, the reports of 259 patients who applied for disability rate determination by claiming permanent disability after a traffic accident were retrospectively evaluated. Age, gender, time between accident and medical report, disability distribution, recovery periods, which disability appraisal was applied and the discretion rates were examined. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics were used in which percentage, ratio, mean values were given. A total of 73 disabled cases (23.1%) were assessed with discretion. The disability and appraisal levels of appraisal cases are discussed in detail and the limitations of the relevant regulation were tried to be revealed.
Results: 182 (70.3%) males and 77 (29.7%) females out of 259 cases who reported loss of strength in the profession according to Regulation of Permanent Disabilities. Most of the cases (45.2%) were in the 20-39-age group. The time between the accident date and the last inspection date ranged from 1 to 111 months.
Discussion: It is a limitation of the relevant Regulation that rates are not determined according to different clinical situations. We think it is necessary to revise the permanent disability rating scale by taking into consideration the current treatment approaches and a comprehensive...
Holden Caulfield: A Marginal Player Made by Historical Context
Authors: Dorri Zari
Published: February 2018

Holden Caulfield, the major character in Jerome David Salinger’s most rewarded novel The Catcher in the Rye, long stood as the innovative and leading figure for such distinctive and revolutionary traits in a character he presented in 1959s’ America literary domain. Salinger media-shy and no interview policies led the public to spread out the idea of the author’s being the whole genius behind the sheer novelty of Holden Caulfield character by making a myth out of the author who turns down any kind of publicity and is finally lionized. This student-friendly hero who denigrate respectability and” phoniness” with his cynical attitude and obscene language, in one way or another, is kept being compared to such huge characters like Huckle Berry Finn whose universal popularity is barely deniable; but the question is that, could at any rate, J.D.Salinger be the sole innovator behind this genuineness? On the other hand, are there any other social and environmental factors, which came to pave the way for any kinds of Holden to be born and well liked? The main purpose of the paper is to answer these questions by a kind of critical theory as New Historicism and survey through the history as a discourse in this method. The results and findings indicate that, apparently, there was a specific social context for the emergence of this novel, with which the author had to interact. By opening up the environmental condition of those days and considering the facts, which affected Holden’s birth and popularity in that era. This essay will point out the fact that criticizing America’s 50s in such aforementioned ambience was inevitably and to some extent predictable.
The Making of a Canon: Impact of the Old Testament Scriptures in the Christian Canon Development
Authors: Boamah Kwaku
Published: February 2018

The formation of the Christian canon was not a one day venture. Some scholars maintain it spanned from the first up to about the fourth centuries. This paper has three main parts: the first draws a linear process of canon generation, beginning from text to scripture and possibly becoming canonical. The second focuses on the creation of the Christian canon by exploring the stages and the implications of naming the canon as `Testaments`. At the heart of the study is a consideration of the use and inclusion or exclusion of the Jewish scripture by Christians as discussed by a heretic (Marcion) and three Anti-heretics (Justin Martyr, Irenaeus and Tertullian) in the 2nd and/or 3rd centuries of the Roman Empire. The third part takes an example of a modern church (Church of Christ) whose reception to the Old Testament is one of skepticism. Furthermore, the level of usage of the Old Testament by the Church of Christ is key for the thesis of this paper. It is, therefore, important to assess a possible relationship between Marcion and the Church of Christ. Historical, theological and an interview are employed to explore these developments. The paper concludes that by the naming of the Christian canon and inclusion of the Jewish scriptures, the Christian identity can be described as Judeo-Christian. This description has impacted Christian formation and development a great deal from antiquity to the modern era. Marcion and his followers did not take this lightly in the first four centuries of the Christian history. On the other hand, in the nineteenth century the Church of Christ seemingly follows this example in antiquity on including the Old Testament as part of the Christian canon.
Profile and outcome of pregnancy with congenital heart diseases: a retrospective study from a South Indian tertiary care hospital
Authors: S. Mamatha , L. Hemapriya , M. Mahesh , M. Madhumitha
Published: February 2018

Background: Women with congenital heart disease who become pregnant form an important subgroup of pregnancy cardiac disorders. The additional stress of pregnancy represents a further challenge.Methods: This was a retrospective study. Patient records between 2011and 2015 pertaining to 77 pregnant women with congenital heart diseases were analysed.Results: There was only one patient aged more than 35 years. The age of the others ranged from 18 to 35 years. The mean age was 24 years. There was a slight rural preponderance with 43 (55.8%) from rural areas. Majority 49 (63.5%) belonged to lower middle socioeconomic status. 71 (92.2%) had NYHA functional Class I. Two patients of Class II had worsening of their status. There were no cases of Atrial Fibrillation and only 2(2.6%) had CCF.ASD closure was the commonest procedure done24 (31.2%). There were 6 (7.8%)cases of device closure of PDA and no cases of VSD. Anemia and GDM were seen in 4 (5.2%). The commonest period of gestation at delivery was 37-40 in 64 (83.1%). ASD was the commonest type of lesion 42 (54.5%). 36 (46.8%) had spontaneous labour and there were 18 23.4%)caesarians. Previous LSCS was the commonest indication for LSCS. Full term normal vaginal delivery was seen in 45 (88.2%). Majority of the newborns 30 (39%) had a birth weight in the range 2.6-3.0 kgs.Conclusions: There is a significant burden of Heart disease with pregnancy afflicting young rural women and those from lower socioeconomic levels. Higher level of specialised care minimizes poor maternal and fetal outcomes.
Study of indications and post-operative complications of primary caesarean section in tertiary care hospital in Nepal
Authors: Rajbhanadary Sanyukta , Shrivastava Veena Rani
Published: February 2018

Background: Caesarean section performed for appropriate obstetric or medical indications are life saving for both mother and new born. But its advantage does not justify its continuous increase as it is a major surgical procedure associated with maternal and fetal complications. The main objective of this study was to study the indications of primary caesarean section and its maternal and fetal complications in Nepal medical college teaching hospital (NMCTH).Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study carried out for a period of one year from 1st October 20113 to 30th September 2014 in department of obstetrics and gynecology in NMCTH Nepal. The study included 183 primary caesarean cases enrolled as per the inclusion criteria. The indications for caesarean section, associated maternal and fetal complications were noted.Results: The rate of caesarean section during the study period was 21.40%. The study included 183 patients who underwent primary caesarean section, 162 (88.5%) cases were emergency cases and 21 (11.5%). Cases were elective cases. The most common indications were fetal distress (n-74, 40.4%) followed by cephalo pelvic disproportion (n-27, 14.8%). The maternal complications seen were urinary tract infection (n-34, 68%), wound infection (n-12, 24%), post-partum hemorrhage (n-3, 6%). The common fetal complications noted were apgar score of less than 7 (n-7, 31.8%), transient tachypnea of newborn (n-6, 27.27%) and meconium aspiration syndrome (n-4, 18.18%).Conclusions: Emergency primary caesarean section was proportionally higher than elective caesarean section. It was also associated with more maternal and fetal complications.
Between History and the Identity of Africans and Their Descendants on Earth Brasilis: From Slavery to the Black Movement
Authors: Bicalho Poliene Soares dos Santos , Ribeiro Maria Cristina Campos
Published: February 2018

Abstract: the present article aims to rediscover the historical process of constructing the black identity in Brazil, from the african arrive as slaves, until today, passing through different moments and perspectives and also to observe and analyze the foundations of racism and how academia / education has addressed such issues. In the process of construction of the black identity , throughout different times and scenarios, new identity values were built through the grassroots search movements that have promoted a different look, and from which the black people came to see and be seen through their yearnings, anxieties, cultures and identities, thus consolidating the Black Movement and its representations.

Entre a História e a Identidade dos Africanos e Seus Descendentes na Terra Brasilis: da Escravidão ao Movimento Negro

Resumo: o presente artigo tem como objetivo rediscutir o processo histórico de construção da identidade do negro no Brasil, desde a sua chegada como escravo, até a atualidade, perpassando diferentes momentos e perspectivas; bem como, observar e analisar as bases do racismo e como a academia/educação abordou tais questões. Nessa construção, ao longo de diferentes tempos e cenários, novos valores identitários foram construídos através do movimento de base que promoveu um olhar diferenciado, e a partir do qual o povo negro passou a se ver e a ser visto mediante seus anseios, angústias, culturas e identidades, consolidando, assim, o Movimento Negro e suas representações.
Discourse Analysis of a Song Lyric Entitled "We Will Not Go Down”
Authors: Risdianto Faizal
Published: February 2018

This library research aimed at finding the three aspect of discourse analysis: contextual, grammatical and lexical aspect of Michael Heart’s song lyrics entitled “We will not go down (Song for Gaza). After analysis it can be found that the life experience and background of the song writer and singer is closely related to the idea proposes within the song lyrics. Whereas, the result of the grammatical and lexical analysis gives a depiction of cohesion and coherence of the song discourse of “We will not Go Down (Song for Gaza)”. There are eight (8) forms of first plural personal pronoun of “We”, four (4) second plural personal pronoun of ‘You” and seven (7) third personal pronouns in various forms. On the other side, it is difficult to find lexical aspects of this song discourse. There is only one form of anaphoric repetition. The repetition of the sentence “We Will Not Go Down” seven times is to influence the hearers whether they are supporters or opponents of the idea brought by the singer/the author that whatever happens Palestinian people will not surrender to every force, nation or people that want to colonialize them.
Exploration of Green Composites of Oil Palm Frond for Low Strength-Moderate Flexure Building Applications
Authors: Anyakora Dr. A. N. , Mudiare Dr. E.
Published: February 2018

The exploration of new materials with comparative performance at affordable costs facilitated the outcome of emerging innovative products of green composite materials. In the current work, natural oil palm frond fibres were used in long and random fiber form as reinforcement in polyester matrix to fabricate green composites using the hand layup technique. Some mechanical, physical and processing property tests were conducted to elucidate the utilization potentials of green composites of oil palm frond fibre in the building industry. In overall, the results showed that the tensile strength and impact strength properties decreased with the increase in fibre loading. The modulus of elasticity increased with the increase in fibre loading up to 60wt. % before dropping. The values of both the flexural strength properties and modulus of rigidity increased with the increase in fibre loading. Even though the fibres were used without surface treatment in this work, the result of respective values of 0.07, 4.27% and 2.08 for the mould linear shrinkage, porosity and specific gravity, including a low water absorption uptake of 6.98%, propounds an indication that green composites of oil palm frond could be acceptable in areas of low strength and moderate flexure applications in the building industry.
Synthesis of Thiazole Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents by Green Chemistry Techniques
Authors: Demirci Serpil
Published: February 2018

Amine (2) and (26)
was obtained from the condensation of the corresponding amines with
3,4-difluoronitrobenzene. The reduction of nitro group produced the
corresponding amines (3 and 27). The synthesis of esters (7, 12, 19, 28) was
carried out from the treatment of the amines, 1, 3, 18, 27 with
ethylbromoacetate, then these compounds were converted to the corresponding
hydrazides (8, 13, 29) by the treatment with hydrazine hydrate. Triazole was
obtained from the intramolecular cyclisation of the corresponding carbothioamide
in basic media and this compound wad then converted to the
morpholine-triazole-penicillin hybrid by a mannich reaction. The
cyclocondensation of hydrazine carbothioamides (9b, 14, 21) or urea (4) with
2-bromo-1-(4-chlorophenyl) ethenone
generated thiazole derivatives. On the other hand, the treatment of  4, 9b and 14 with ethyl bromoacetate yielded
4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidines (6, 11, 16). Three methods containing conventional,
microwave and ultrasound mediated techniques were applied. Best results were
assessed using microwave and ultrasounds promoted procedures. All the newly
synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic
techniques, and they were screened for their antimicrobial activity. Some of
them exhibited good-moderate activity on the test bacteria.
¿Conflictos en la integración regional? Consideraciones acerca de la superposición de los acuerdos internacionales de inversión, los acuerdos comerciales regionales y la OMC
Authors: Ziegler Andreas R. , Maia Laina P.
Published: February 2018

La creciente interdependencia económica internacional resultó en el desarrollo de diversas organizaciones y acuerdos regionales como los acuerdos comerciales regionales, los acuerdos internacionales de inversión y la Organización Mundial de Comercio (OMC). En el panorama actual, diversos países son miembros de estos acuerdos y organizaciones concomitantemente. El gran incremento de los resultados de soluciones de diferencias debido al éxito del Entendimiento sobre Solución de Diferencias (ESD) de la OMC y el crecimiento paralelo del uso de las provisiones de los AII sobre solución de diferencias entre Estados e inversores llevaron a afirmaciones sobre el distanciamiento del derecho internacional de las inversiones y el derecho internacional comercial, lo que podría generar problemas con relación a la coherencia y estabilidad del derecho económico internacional.La doctrina afirma la existencia de un “spaghetti bowl” de las provisiones de solución de diferencias de los acuerdos comerciales regionales, los acuerdos internacionales de inversión, la OMC y la jurisprudencia resultante de estos. El presente artículo propone un análisis de las disposiciones superpuestas sobre solución de controversias en los acuerdos económicos internacionales, observando las interacciones de las disposiciones de la OMC y del Mercosur con respecto al tema. Por fin, se elaboran consideraciones sobre la necesidad de mejorar los mecanismos institucionales, para aumentar la coherencia tanto en el ámbito de la inversión como en el del comercio.
A cooperação internacional judiciária no mercosul – proatividade das Cortes Constitucionais
Authors: Rodrigues Santos Sabrina
Published: February 2018

O Mercosul foi criado em 1991 com uma estrutura institucional que exclui as pessoas ao acesso do sistema de solução de controvérsias. Sensíveis a isso, desde 2003 as Cortes Constitucionais dos Estados Partes mantém um diálogo intenso, inclusive com observadores nacionais e de terceiros países, com objetivo de conferir segurança jurídica às relações intra-bloco, através da conjugação de esforços e criação de mecanismos para suprir essa deficiência institucional.
Delimitación del concepto de equidad en la Constitución Política de 1991 Análisis de fundamentación jurisprudencial y de análisis económico del derecho
Authors: Rojas Arias Juan Camilo
Published: February 2018

Este trabajo consiste en delimitar el concepto de equidad a la luz de la Constitución de 1991. Al efecto, se analizan la principal jurisprudencia colombiana sobre el objeto de la investigación y algunas aportaciones desde la Economía que fungieron para estructurar los conceptos de equidad económica presentes en la anotada Constitución colombiana.
El incumplimiento como causa de ruptura del equilibrio económico del contrato
Authors: Álvarez Contreras Juan Miguel
Published: February 2018

Este artículo aborda las distintas circunstancias que pueden dar lugar a la ruptura del equilibrio económico del contrato estatal y se centra, particularmente, en el incumplimiento de la entidad contratante. Así, la Ley 80 de 1993 considera que el incumplimiento del Estado debe ser considerado como una causa de desequilibrio contractual imputable a la administración. De este modo, se analizará la doctrina y jurisprudencia colombiana sobre el tema, lo cual permitirá determinar el alcance y las implicaciones que ha tenido el desarrollo de esta figura. Por último, se indicarán los graves equívocos a los que puede conducir la tesis jurisprudencial que considera que el incumplimiento contractual es una causal de desequilibrio económico del contrato estatal.
El Foro de Seguimiento a la Financiación para el Desarrollo del ECOSOC y su encomienda en la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible
Authors: Cerda Dueñas Carlos
Published: February 2018

Este artículo describe el contexto en el cual se establece el foro anual del Consejo Económico y Social (ECOSOC) de seguimiento a la financiación para el desarrollo (en adelante el foro), previsto por el parágrafo 132 de la Agenda de Acción de Addis Abeba, llamado a ser un instrumento que contribuya a monitorear y mejorar los mecanismos de financiamiento para la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) aprobados en la Cumbre Mundial realizada en Nueva York en septiembre de 2015. En este sentido, se analizan los resultados de la primera reunión del foro (abril de 2016) y las expectativas que pudiera generar en el cumplimiento de sus objetivos.
La Conferencia de Roma sobre no violencia y paz justa en relación con la guerra lícita
Authors: Copello Faccini Antonio
Published: February 2018

Este artículo tiene el propósito de analizar, de forma profunda, por medio de la Filosofía y la Teología, el concepto de la guerra justa, la violencia y la paz. Resulta pertinente este análisis dentro de la coyuntura nacional, ya que muchas ideas han surgido sobre si se justifican o no los conflictos armados. Adicionalmente, el punto principal de este trabajo radica en cómo dichos desarrollos teóricos han tenido incidencia en aquello que se considera lícito o ilícito dentro del ámbito de la guerra. De este modo, cumpliendo con el objetivo en cuestión, se concluye con algunas ideas sobre la búsqueda de la paz y la realidad de la violencia.
Retificador Trifásico Isolado Utilizando Um Autotransformador e Dois Retificadores Monofásicos de Estágio Único
Authors: Duarte Janderson , Badin Alceu André
Published: February 2018

Este artigo apresenta um retificador trifásico isolado com correção do fator de potência utilizando um auto-transformador Scott e utilizando dois retificadores monofásicos isolados com correção do fator de potência de estágio único baseado no conversor Full-Bridge Flyback. O auto-transformador Scott faz uma redução de fases permitindo que se utilize dois retificadores de estágio único. O conversor proposto pode operar como elevador ou abaixador de tensão. Este artigo apresenta a análise teórica do conversor operando em modo de condução contínua, bem como os resultados experimentais baseado em um protótipo de 4 kW.
Study of the Cascaded Doubly Fed Induction Machine Dynamics Under Vector Control
Authors: Vasconcelos Carlos H. S. de , Ferreira Antonio C. , Stephan Richard M.
Published: February 2018

Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Machines (BDFIM) present many industrial advantages due to the lack of brushes. A foreseen major application is for Wind Power Generation in substitution to the well known and used Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). The Cascaded Doubly Fed Induction Generator (CDFIG), composed by two Doubly-Fed Induction Machines (DFIM), can be used as starting point to the study of BDFIM and is the object of the present paper. The dynamic model and vector control of the CDFIG will be discussed. The reference frame is given by the stator flux of the power machine. The proposed control has a cascaded structure, with internal current loop and two different possibilities of external control loop: speed control or power control. In both cases the reference is given by a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) scheme and the reactive power reference is established in accordance with the requirements of reactive power compensation. Experimental results are presented to validate the proposed methodology.
Double Modulation Applied to a High Power Factor Rectifier with High Frequency Transformer for Ups Application
Authors: Alvarenga Daniel B. de , Meier Martin B. , Gules Roger , Badin Alceu A. , Romaneli Eduardo F. R.
Published: February 2018

The bridgeless boost-full-bridge rectifier is used as preregulator for a high frequency isolated UPS and the asymmetric pulse width modulation (APWM) modulation is applied in order to obtain a high quality input current with high power factor. The rectifier operates with soft-switching and reduced conduction losses improving the efficiency. A simultaneous phase-shift modulation allows obtain a fast output voltage control and step-up/step-down static gain, becoming possible the operation in a wide voltage range. An auxiliary power feed-forward action allows improving the dynamic response of the output voltage and primary side DC-bus voltage for the load transient. The double modulation and the auxiliary control action reduce the DC-bus voltage overshoot and undershoot during the output load transients, reduce the converter filters capacitance and limit the maximum voltage across the switches. The theoretical analysis and design procedure are presented for the modulations proposed and the experimental results were obtained from a 2 kW prototype operating with switching frequency equal to 44 kHz. The experimental results are presented using four different combinations of control structures showing comparatively the dynamic improvements.
Study of the Modulation Schemes in the Hybrid Three-Phase Multilevel Inverter
Authors: Bressan Marcos Vinicius , Heldwein Marcello Lobo , Batschauer Alessandro Luiz
Published: February 2018

This work proposes and analyzes modulation strategies for a hybrid three- phase multilevel inverter, which employs two different topologies in a cascade connection, a three-phase Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) converter and single- phase half-bridge converters. Two different modulation schemes are proposed: the hybrid modulation and the space vector modulation. The both modulation schemes can synthesize five voltage levels in the output phase voltage at the hybrid three- phase multilevel inverter with symmetrical dc sources. The modulation schemes operate the three-phase NPC in low-switching frequency and the half- bridge converters in high-switching frequency. Thus, semiconductors with low conduction losses can be used for three-phase NPC, decreasing the semiconductor losses. The hybrid three-phase multilevel inverter structure and modulation schemes are explained in detail and verified by simulation and experimental results.
Study on the Application of Gallium Nitride Transistors in Power Electronics
Authors: Duarte Renan R. , Ferreira Guilherme F. , Costa Marco A. Dalla , Barriquello Carlos H. , Alonso J. Marcos
Published: February 2018

Wide bandgap semiconductors have emerged as an attractive option for silicon (Si) replacement in the recent years. Among the new materials, gallium nitride (GaN) has been considered as the most promising candidate. This paper presents an overview of the GaN technology in power electronics. The review focuses on the main aspects of GaN transistors, such as electrical, thermal and economical characteristics. A comparison between Si and GaN switching devices in a family of synchronous buck converters designed for LED lighting applications is also presented. This comparison was performed using synchronous buck converters, designed under same parameters, at five different switching frequencies, ranging from 100 kHz to 1 MHz. Efficiency and temperatures were recorded. GaN based converters presented higher efficiency and lower operating temperatures in all cases, with a maximum efficiency of 96.8% and a minimum of 94.5%. Besides, Si-based converters exhibited a higher performance degradation as switching frequency and dead time increase.