bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
St. Augustinegrass for Florida Lawns
Authors: Trenholm Laurie E. , Cisar John L. , Unruh J. Bryan
Published: May 2022

St. Augustinegrass is widely adapted to the warm, humid (subtropical) regions of the world. It is the most commonly used lawn grass throughout the state of Florida and can grow satisfactorily in a wide variety of soils. This revised 11-page fact sheet discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this turfgrass variety, cultivars available for lawn use in Florida, establishment, maintenance, pest management, and other problems. Written by L. E. Trenholm, J. L. Cisar, and J. B. Unruh and published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, April 2011.
ENH5/LH010: St. Augustinegrass for Florida Lawns (ufl.edu)
КІНОТУРИЗМ ЯК ІННОВАЦІЙНИЙ ІНСТРУМЕНТ РОЗВИТКУ СФЕРИ ГОСТИННОСТІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Зеленко Олена Олександрівна , Осовська Уляна Євгенівна
Published: April 2022

The film industry, as part of the creative industry, is designed itself to generate certain emotions of the consumer, which, in fact, push the consumer of a particular film product to further steps - to organize a trip to places you see or hear while watching films, programs, etc. This study is devoted to the development trends of cinema tourism and related hospitality. The purpose of the study: analysis of the level of cinema tourism in the world and in Ukraine, taking into account the available natural, historical and cultural resources that will be used for domestic cinema tourism, and will be the basis for creating new tourist routes and hospitality enterprises for various tourists, as well as for the east of the country. Research methods: in the process of scientific work were used general and special methods of scientific abstraction, induction and deduction, statistical analysis, analogy and quantitative and qualitative comparison. Research hypothesis: it is assumed that the development of cinema tourism and related hospitality enterprises as components of the tourism industry in the regions of Ukraine should be based on a set of theoretical principles, historical background and current socio-economic circumstances of each region. Research results: The review of theoretical aspects and historical facts of cinema tourism development allowed to clarify its definition and supplement the existing classification of its types. Analysis of cinema tourism development trends in Ukraine shows that, despite the already interesting film products, thorough historical and cultural heritage and infrastructural resources of the hospitality industry, the country is only taking the first steps towards implementing this innovative tool for tourism and hospitality. Owners of hospitality establishments in the regions that are popularized in modern Ukrainian cinema and television programs already have a significant benefit. Conclusions and prospects for further research: The eastern regions of Ukraine, being in a depressed state, need new tools for development. cinema tourism has every chance to become a catalyst that will help restore abandoned areas and sites of historical and cultural heritage, infrastructure and hospitality enterprises, identify alternative ways to develop them and create new tourist magnets.
Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran Scaffolding dengan Bantuan Bahan Ajar Macromedia Flash 8.0 Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Ditinjau dari Kemandirian Belajar Siswa
Authors: Imania Rori , Netriwati  , Dewi Novian Riskiana , Jamilah Yumn
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yang pertama adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika pada kelas yang menerapkan strategi pembelajaran Scaffolding berbantuan bahan ajar Macromedia Flash 8.0 dengan kelas yang menerapkan strategi pembelajaran konvensional. Kedua, perbedaan kategori siswa yang mempunyai kemandirian belajar tinggi, sedang, dan rendah terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika. Ketiga, interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan kemandirian belajar siswa terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitaf, dengan jenis penelitian Quasy Experiment, serta menggunakan desain penelitian 23 uji hipotesis ANOVA dua arah sel tak sama. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Kasui kelas XI IPA 1 dan XI IPA 2. Hasil penelitian diperoleh H0A diterima dengan nilai  sig=0,082>α=0,05, H0B diterima dengan nilai sig=0,650>α=0,05 dan H0AB diterima dengan nilai sig=0,794>α=0,05. Berdasarkan uji ANOVA tersebut diperoleh hasil bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan antara hasil pemahaman konsep matematika kelas yang menerapkan strategi pembelajaran scaffolding berbantuan bahan ajar macromedia flash 8.0 dengan kelas yang menggunakan strategi pembelajaran konvensional. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kemandirian belajar siswa tinggi, sedang, dan rendah terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika. Serta tidak terdapat interaksi antara strategi dan kemandirian belajar siswa terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa.
Ramón Cabanillas, Manuel Antonio e o mar de Arousa: dúas singraduras na construcción dun idioma para unha patria
Authors: Fernández Rei Francisco , Santamarina Antón
Published: May 2022

Discurso lido no acto da súa recepción polo ilustrísimo señor don Francisco Fernández Rei e resposta do excelentísimo señor don Antón Santamarina Fernández. O solemne acto académico no que foron lidos os dous discursos recolleitos no presente volume celebrouse o día 25 de setembro de 1999 no Salón de Actos do Instituto de Ensinanza Secundaria “Ramón Cabanillas” de Cambados.
Proyecto de monumento a Curros Enríquez en la ciudad de La Coruña: memoria descriptiva
Authors: Lage Roberto , Caulonga Ventura
Published: May 2022

Memoria descritiva presentada polos arquitectos Roberto Lage e Ventura Caulonga para o concurso Monumento a Curros Enríquez, convocado pola Real Academia Galega o 7 de marzo de 1927.
Diccionario gallego-castellano
Authors: Porto Rey Francisco
Published: May 2022

O 29 de maio de 1908 Francisco Porto Rey doáballe á Real Academia Galega “un voluminoso manuscrito, especie de Diccionario gallego casi completo, de que es autor el propio donante”. Una parte desta obra foi publicada por fascículos en 1900, no semanario Villagarcía-Carril. Periódico Semanal Satírico-Cómico. Tras seis entregas e sen esclarecer os motivos, interrompeuse a súa publicación. Este dicionario responde a todas as características principais das obras lexicográficas decimonónicas. Trátase dun dicionario bilingüe, coas entradas en galego e as definicións e equivalencias en castelán. Conta con preto de 15.000 entradas. Recompila moitos lemas directamente da fala, de obras literarias e doutros textos escritos. Como novidade respecto aos dicionarios anteriores, proporciona a categoría gramatical dos lemas e ademais inclúe outros datos como a procedencia ou étimo da palabra e a delimitación do campo do saber ao que pertence.
Discurso pronunciado en la Real Academia Gallega por D. Federico Maciñeira y Pardo de Lama
Authors: Maciñeira Pardo de Lama Federico
Published: May 2022

Discurso de resposta lido no acto de recepción do ilustrísimo señor don Julio Dávila polo excelentísimo señor don Federico Maciñeira Pardo de Lama. O solemne acto académico no que foi lido o discurso recolleito no presente volume celebrouse o día 30 de agosto de 1927 na sede da Real Academia Galega, no Pazo Municipal da Coruña.
Parlamentarios de Galicia: biografías de deputados e senadores (1810-2001)
Authors: Barreiro Fernández Xosé Ramón , López Morán Beatriz , Mínguez Goyanes Xosé Luís
Published: May 2022

Ofrécese nesta obra, por vez primeira na nosa historia, un estudo pormenorizado dos parlamentarios que representaron a Galicia durante o longo período que vai do ano 1810 ó 2003. No tomo inicial trázanse as biografías dos deputados e senadores galegos que exerceron as súas funcións como tales entre 1810 e 1823. O que lle sucede ocúpase das correspondentes aos persoeiros da chamada Asamblea Nacional de Primo de Rivera, aos deputados da República, aos Procuradores da época franquista, aos que, despois da restauración democrática, viñeron actuando no Congreso e no Senado de Madrid, así como no Parlamento Galego.
Los músicos del Pórtico de la Gloria
Authors: Iglesias Vilarelle Antonio , Filgueira Valverde Xosé
Published: May 2022

Discurso lido no acto da súa recepción polo ilustrísimo señor don Antonio Iglesias Vilarelle e resposta do excelentísimo señor don Xosé Filgueira Valverde. O solemne acto académico no que foron lidos os dous discursos recolleitos no presente volume celebrouse o día 29 de decembro de 1951 no paraninfo do Instituto Nacional de Ensino Medio de Pontevedra.
O culto das pedras no noroeste peninsular
Authors: Taboada Chivite Xesús , Lorenzo Fernández Xaquín
Published: May 2022

Discurso lido no acto da súa recepción polo ilustrísimo señor don Xesús Taboada Chivite e resposta do excelentísimo señor don Xaquín Lorenzo Fernández. O solemne acto académico no que foron lidos os dous discursos recolleitos no presente volume celebrouse o día 20 de novembro de 1965 no Salón de Actos do Pazo Municipal da Coruña.
Elogio de Fray Martín Sarmiento
Authors: López Peláez Antolín
Published: May 2022

Discurso lido polo excelentísimo e ilustrísimo señor don Antolín López Peláez na reunión literaria celebrada na súa honra pola Real Academia Galega. O solemne acto celebrouse o 14 de agosto de 1910 no Salón de festas da Reunión de Artesáns da Coruña.
A xeración do 16
Authors: Villar Ponte Ramón , Cabanillas Ramón
Published: May 2022

Discurso lido no acto da súa recepción polo ilustrísimo señor don Ramón Villar Ponte e resposta do excelentísimo señor don Ramón Cabanillas. O solemne acto académico no que foron lidos os dous discursos recolleitos no presente volume celebrouse o día 16 de xuño de 1951 na sede da Real Academia Galega, no Pazo municipal da Coruña.
Multiple hypercementosis – a case report of an incidental finding on panoramic radiograph
Authors: Asykarie Ichda Nabiela Amiria , Ramadhan Fahri Reza , Firman Ria Noerianingsih
Published: April 2022

Objectives: This case report is aimed to describe radiographic features of multiple hypercementosis in an incidental case.

Case Report: A 38-year-old man came to the Dental Hospital of Padjadjaran University with a complaint that he had lost some of his teeth and wanted to make dentures because he found it difficult to chew food. Then the patient was referred for a radiographic examination, the results of a panoramic radiograph found abnormalities in the form of thickening of the cementum at the apex of the remaining teeth. The teeth were in vital condition and there were no clinical signs.

Conclusion: Based on the examination results, it was concluded that the panoramic radiograph showed excessive cementum thickening and root enlargement on the remaining teeth. This case leads to a radiological diagnosis suspect of multiple hypercementosis or cementum hyperplasia.
La flessibilità del lavoro nel Servizio Sanitario Nazionale prima e durante la pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Vicarelli Giovanna
Published: May 2022

La prima tesi che l'articolo intende sostenere è che il settore sanitario pubblico conosce, dopo la crisi finanziaria del 2007 e fino al 2019, un processo di crescente flessibilizzazione del lavoro. Si tratta di una flessibilità numerica (nel numero degli addetti e nel tipo di contratti di lavoro), anziché di una flessibilità funzionale. Quest'ultima, infatti, è difficile da attuare in un settore ad alta percentuale di lavoro professionale, con forme di autoregolazione spesso corporative. Con la seconda tesi, relativa al periodo pandemico, si sostiene che tra il 2020 e il 2021 si sono prodotte politiche del lavoro nel SSN ancor più flessibili, con una ulteriore deregolazione dettata dall'emergenza. La domanda conclusiva riguarda quanto il Piano di rilancio e resilienza (PNRR) emanato nel 2021 e la nuova legge di Bilancio per il 2022 possano essere in grado di dare una inversione di tendenza al ciclo lungo di flessibilizzazione del lavoro inseritosi anche nel settore sanitario pubblico.
Il "posto" della dimensione religiosa e spirituale nei fenomeni organizzativi: è il momento di decollare
Authors: Monaci Massimiliano , Zanfrini Laura
Published: May 2022

L'articolo apre la sezione monografica dedicata al rapporto tra religione/i e organizzazioni. Dopo essersi soffermati sui motivi della scarsa attenzione tradizionalmente dedicata a questo nesso, gli autori descrivono come questo tema stia ora riemergendo quasi involontariamente, attraverso un'agenda di ricerca che si è via via arricchita di contributi provenienti da ambiti diversi. Quindi esaminano i principali risultati dei suoi sviluppi nell'ambito degli studi organizzativi ed evidenziano le prospettive più promettenti per ulteriori studi. Infine, indicano alcuni punti che riaffermano la centralità dei temi affrontati nello scenario contemporaneo.
La produttività scientifica nell'accademia italiana in una prospettiva di genere
Authors: Anzivino Monia , Dordoni Annalisa
Published: May 2022

L'articolo indaga il gender gap nella produttività scientifica in Italia, utilizzando i dati di un'indagine nazionale condotta tra il 2015 e il 2016, che permette di osservare la relazione tra genere e produttività su un ampio campione rappresentativo del personale accademico strutturato (N=5.123) in tutte le aree disciplinari e su diversi tipi di pubblicazione, monografie, curatele, saggi e articoli. I risultati mostrano che il divario di genere si articola diversamente per area disciplinare e per tipo di prodotto: è maggiormente presente nelle aree disciplinari a maggior presenza femminile; è più diffuso per gli articoli e i saggi; è invece limitato alle scienze umanistiche per le monografie e le curatele. Alcune possibili interpretazioni di questi risultati, in parte inattesi, sono discusse a partire dalla letteratura esistente.
Agrarian crises and producerist populism in French rural unions: limits and potential for an emancipatory rural politics
Authors: Benegiamo Maura , Loveluck William
Published: May 2022

The article examines the reactions of two important agricultural trade unions in France, the ?Confédération Paysanne and the Coordination Rurale, to the liberalisation and financialisation of the ?European Common Agricultural Policy. It highlights the adoption of a "producerist populism" approach ?focused on the role of transnational economic and financial elites in co-opting the state, reducing ?public aid and as the main driver of the economic crises experienced by French farmers. The article ?traces the manifestations of this approach in the claims and analyses of the two unions in the face of ?recent economic developments in the wheat and dairy sectors in France. It argues that the producerist understanding of the crises in agriculture leads these two farmers unions, from opposite political backgrounds, to develop common arguments, opening to strategic alliances. Finally, based on the current ?debate on authoritarian populism in rural areas, the article discusses the interest in overcoming these ?narratives in favour of a more emancipatory rural perspective.?
Un acercamiento a los procesos de cambio global de la economía mundial
Authors: Salcedo Castorena José Nicolás
Published: April 2022

Se abordan algunas consideraciones sobre el panorama de la globalización entre ellas: los antecedentes del cambio global, las formas de producción internacional, las implicaciones tecnológicas y su transformación económica. Finalmente se presenta el papel del gobierno y la educación universitaria en el fenómeno global.
Indicadores financieros y económicos
Authors: Gaytán Cortéz Juan
Published: April 2022

La combinación de indicadores financieros y financieros permite a los dirigentes de las empresas adelantar tendencias y realizar una política estratégica proactiva. Los indicadores ofrecen al hombre de negocios la oportunidad de diseñar un método estructurado que traduce la estrategia de la empresa en un conjunto coherente de indicadores.
La Imagen Corporativa: Creación de ventajas competitivas a través de estrategias sociales
Authors: Corvera Valenzuela María Isabel
Published: April 2022

El trabajo muestra la importancia de la imagen corporativa como elemento de la comunicación de la empresa hacia el mercado y la sociedad. Se destacan diferentes estrategias que las empresas emplean para proyectar su imagen hacia el exterior de la misma.
Effective English Teacher Professional Development from a Professional Perspective: Saudi Arabia Context
Authors: Elnadeef Elsadig Ali Elsadig , Abdala Ayman Hamad Elneil Hamdan
Published: April 2022

This study investigates the concept of effective teacher professional development based on professionalism perspective. It aims at explaining the concept of professionalism, focusing on the significance of professionalism in maintaining the quality of English teacher development, teaching English, and instructional processes. It demonstrates the fundamental requirements for an effective English teacher and effective teaching. The study is based on the hypothesis which proposes that teacher professional development leads to grand achievement in education. The study pinpoints that to be an English teacher; one must gain particular pedagogical, psycho-socio, and linguistics training; in addition, an English teacher is responsible for his/her ongoing professional development, which leads to teacher's confidentiality and highly students’ achievement.
Genetic and molecular control of the flowering time in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
Authors: Islam Md Rasadul
Published: April 2022

Photoperiod response to flowering is one of the most vital factors that affect in regional adaptation and yield in soybean. Soybean adaption at high latitude areas (long-day) requires early flowering and low photoperiod sensitive cultivars; adaptation to low latitudes (short-day) areas needs delayed flowering cultivars, which maximize vegetative growth and seed yield. This paper represents a genetic and molecular regulation of flowering time in soybean, which will help broad adaptability across latitudes. It is revealed that one to eleven main genes control the flowering time in soybean. The FT family of flowering integrators plays a central role in controlling the flowering time. The juvenile growth phase (JGP) determines the development rate for flowering; a long JGP results in the lengthening of the vegetative period and increases the soybean production in low latitude areas. This review outlines the JGP-related gene in soybean. We emphasize the interaction between major genes and QTLs for flowering in soybean. Several major genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for flowering interact with one another including the environment to greatly influence flowering time. The molecular ground information of the flowering in Arabidopsis will help to understand the molecular dissection of flowering in soybean. This information could be used for breeding of high‐yielding soybean cultivars in different latitudinal areas.

Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.9(1): 1-10, April 2022
Effects of different substrates on production of oyster mushroom in walling of syangja, Nepal
Authors: Regmi Sudip , Puri Chiranjibi
Published: April 2022

This research was conducted in Agriculture Development Resource Center, Syangja to determine the effectiveness of substrate for the production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Completely Randomization Design was used for this research with three replications in which five treatments (substrate) were used i.e.; rice straw, finger-millet straw, saw dust, maize straw and maize cob. Days required for full colonization, first fruiting, harvesting time, total mushroom production, mushroom pileus diameter, and stipe length were observed by taking 5 sample randomly from each treatment. Among the investigated substrate compositions, maize cob required the fewest days (19 days) to complete spawn running, followed by finger-millet straw (21 days), while saw dust required the most days (38 days) to complete spawn running. Finger-millet straw indicated the shortest time (28 days) harvesting, and the maximum yield was found in finger-millet straw (1.05 kg) and highest stipe length (5.3cm) was found in saw dust followed by rice straw (4.8 cm). Among various used substrate finger-millet straw was found to be the best for mushroom production at least in Waling, Syangja.

Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.9(1): 11-16, April 2022
Melawan Korupsi
Authors: Putra Andreas Maurenis
Published: April 2022

Refleksi teologis ini hendak memberi pesan bagi orang Kristen dengan menelaah korupsi berdasarkan Injil Matius 6: 11 di tengah menjamurnya korupsi di Indonesia. Melalui metode kepustakaan, artikel ini menemukan bahwa Matius 6: 11 menentang korupsi sebab korupsi merupakan bentuk ketidakpedulian merawat iman sosial yang diwariskan Yesus, yaitu sikap sadar dan peduli pada kebutuhan sesama sebagaimana tercermin dalam seruan “makanan kami” dan “secukupnya”. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, artikel ini sampai pada alternatif solusi, yaitu menggalang pendidikan antikorupsi secara informal dan formal. Secara informal, orang tua diajak untuk membangun teladan hidup jujur sebagai habitus keluarga dan menjadikan rumah sebagai sekolah iman. Secara formal, perlu dilakukan integrasi nilai-nilai antikorupsi ke dalam sejumlah mata pelajaran atau mata kuliah (pendekatan inklusif) dan menjadikan pendidikan antikorupsi sebagai mata pelajaran muatan lokal atau mata kuliah tersendiri (pendekatan eksklusif).
Oncological Applications of Graphene Based Nanomaterials
Authors: Jawahar B. Samuel , Rajendran A Princess
Published: April 2022

Emerging concept in grapheme (Gr)-based nanomaterials (NM’s) provides the ability to compliment the constraints of traditional pharmacopoeia by concurrently addressing the cancers (CA’s) to the cancer (CA) cell by reducing the side effects of other routes of administration. Gr with its remarkable electronic properties, such as a broader surface region and surface alteration possibilities, will attack the tumour cell effectively. Nano carriers (NC’s) also benefit from an adulteration of immune clearance of the physical chemical properties of CA medicines. Medicine can be delivered by means of biodegradable NC’s including proteins, peptides, biocompatible polymers, antibodies, conjugates of polymers and more. Gr-supported drug delivery (DD) systems also facilitate combined delivery of therapeutic agents in CA therapy, as an additive or synergistic therapeutic effective co-delivery solution that reduces harmful effects.
In pursuit of pop culture: Reception of pop culture in the People’s Republic of Poland as opposition to the political system – Example of the science fiction fandom
Authors: Siuda Piotr
Published: May 2022

Researching the fans of pop culture texts, it is worth considering a direction that has been neglected in fan studies: the treatment of fan practices as opposition to the polity of a country. Such considerations are particularly crucial in the context of fan communities functioning in non-democratic countries. The author describes the conditions of reception of pop culture texts in Poland under communism. It was in this era that access to such transmissions was restricted, and since fans sought to get access to those rationed cultural assets, their reception ought to be viewed as a symbolic opposition to the politics of the country. The article illustrates this using the example of science fiction fans functioning in the 1980s. The mechanism that governs their community is discussed as exemplified by issues of the literary magazine Fantastyka between 1982 and 1989. The fans’ opposition to the political system has been presented as an escape from the everyday difficulties connected with functioning in a communist polity. The fans facing the conditions of the time strived to get their favourite texts and overcame some institutional obstacles connected with organising their activities.
Research Progress on the Dendrolimus spp. Pheromone: From Identification to Molecular Recognition
Authors: Zhang Sufang , Kong Xiangbo , Zhang Zhen
Published: May 2022

Dendrolimus species (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae), are the most serious phytophagous pests of coniferous forests worldwide. Dendrolimus feed intensively on needles, leading to considerable economic loss and ecological damage. Notably, the outbreak of Dendrolimus is a somewhat periodic pattern, and those outbreaks cause rapid and large-scale destruction of pine forests, with those forests observed to look like “Fire without smoke”. Sex pheromones play an important role during insect mating and reproduction, and there has been extensive research into the pheromone of Dendrolimus. The pheromone components of several Dendrolimus have been identified, and functions of two most important pheromone recognition genes, pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) and pheromone receptors (PRs), were clarified. The evolution of PBP gene sequences is in good agreement with the trends in structural changes of the sex pheromone components in several Dendrolimus species, and it is interesting that PRs of Dendrolimus spp. occupy a novel lineage of PRs tuned to Type I pheromones in Lepidoptera. We present the current state of research into the sex pheromone of these important forest pests and highlight the emerging topics, to clarify future urgent work into Dendrolimus.
Patterning, From Conifers to Consciousness: Turing’s Theory and Order From Fluctuations
Authors: Lacalli Thurston C.
Published: May 2022

This is a brief account of Turing’s ideas on biological pattern and the events that led to their wider acceptance by biologists as a valid way to investigate developmental pattern, and of the value of theory more generally in biology. Periodic patterns have played a key role in this process, especially 2D arrays of oriented stripes, which proved a disappointment in theoretical terms in the case of Drosophila segmentation, but a boost to theory as applied to skin patterns in fish and model chemical reactions. The concept of “order from fluctuations” is a key component of Turing’s theory, wherein pattern arises by selective amplification of spatial components concealed in the random disorder of molecular and/or cellular processes. For biological examples, a crucial point from an analytical standpoint is knowing the nature of the fluctuations, where the amplifier resides, and the timescale over which selective amplification occurs. The answer clarifies the difference between “inelegant” examples such as Drosophila segmentation, which is perhaps better understood as a programmatic assembly process, and “elegant” ones expressible in equations like Turing’s: that the fluctuations and selection process occur predominantly in evolutionary time for the former, but in real time for the latter, and likewise for error suppression, which for Drosophila is historical, in being lodged firmly in past evolutionary events. The prospects for a further extension of Turing’s ideas to the complexities of brain development and consciousness is discussed, where a case can be made that it could well be in neuroscience that his ideas find their most important application.
A Toll-like Receptor-Activating, Self-Adjuvant Glycan Nanocarrier
Authors: Xie Daping , Niu Yiming , Mu Ruoyu , Campos de Souza Senio , Yin Xiaoyu , Dong Lei , Wang Chunming
Published: May 2022

The global pandemic of COVID-19 highlights the importance of vaccination, which remains the most efficient measure against many diseases. Despite the progress in vaccine design, concerns with suboptimal antigen immunogenicity and delivery efficiency prevail. Self-adjuvant carriers–vehicles that can simultaneously deliver antigens and act as adjuvants–may improve efficacies in these aspects. Here, we developed a self-adjuvant carrier based on an acetyl glucomannan (acGM), which can activate toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and encapsulate the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) via a double-emulsion process. In vitro tests showed that these OVA@acGM-8k nanoparticles (NPs) enhanced cellular uptake and activated TLR2 on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs), with increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules (e.g. CD80 and CD86) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α and IL12p70). In vivo experiments in mice demonstrated that OVA@acGM-8k NPs accumulated in the lymph nodes and promoted DCs’ maturation. The immunization also boosted the humoral and cellular immune responses. Our findings suggest that this self-adjuvant polysaccharide carrier could be a promising approach for vaccine development.
Serological and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Li Mengge , Wu Shusheng , Luo Huiqin , Niu Jiayu , Yan Ying , Fang Yuan , Ke Lihong , Chen Wenju , Xu Huijun , Li Huimin , Hu Xiaoxiu , Cao Lulu , Chen Yaolin , Tu Hong , He Yifu
Published: May 2022

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been reported to be associated with gastric cancer (GC). Nonetheless, no study has revealed the role of HBV infection in the survival of patients with GC, and the mutation profiles of HBV-infected patients with GC have never been documented. Here, we performed an updated meta-analysis and found a significantly increased risk of GC in HBV-infected individuals (sOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.22-1.37). Furthermore, we observed that in the Anhui area, the rate of serum HBsAg positivity (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.03-2.55) was significantly higher in GC patients than in controls. Moreover, our results showed that HBV-positive patients had significantly worse disease-free survival (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.39-2.82) and overall survival (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.19-2.85) than HBV-negative patients. The results of Cox proportional hazards regression proved that HBV infection was an independent adverse prognostic factor in GC. Furthermore, by performing targeted-NGS, we found unique mutation profiles in HBV-infected GC samples, including five frequently mutated protein-coding genes (KMT2B, KMT2D, SOX1, FGF12, and TUBB2B). Expression and survival analyses of these genes identified three novel candidate genes that may have potential roles in GC development. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that the recurrent mutations in HBV-positive GC samples were related to cell proliferation, cell migration, and transcription. Taking together, our study proved that HBV infection is an independent prognostic factor in GC patients. The unique mutation profiles of HBV-infected patients with GC open a new research direction toward the underling mechanism between HBV infection and GC.
Stereotactic Radiotherapy Ablation and Atrial Fibrillation: Technical Issues and Clinical Expectations Derived From a Systematic Review
Authors: Franzetti Jessica , Volpe Stefania , Catto Valentina , Conte Edoardo , Piccolo Consiglia , Pepa Matteo , Piperno Gaia , Camarda Anna Maria , Cattani Federica , Andreini Daniele , Tondo Claudio , Jereczek-Fossa Barbara Alicja , Carbucicchio Corrado
Published: May 2022

Aim

The purpose of this study is to collect available evidence on the feasibility and efficacy of stereotactic arrhythmia radio ablation (STAR), including both photon radiotherapy (XRT) and particle beam therapy (PBT), in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), and to provide cardiologists and radiation oncologists with a practical overview on this topic.

Methods

Three hundred and thirty-five articles were identified up to November 2021 according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses criteria; preclinical and clinical studies were included without data restrictions or language limitations. Selected works were analyzed for comparing target selection, treatment plan details, and the accelerator employed, addressing workup modalities, acute and long-term side-effects, and efficacy, defined either by the presence of scar or by the absence of AF recurrence.

Results

Twenty-one works published between 2010 and 2021 were included. Seventeen studies concerned XRT, three PBT, and one involved both. Nine studies (1 in silico and 8 in vivo; doses ranging from 15 to 40 Gy) comprised a total of 59 animals, 12 (8 in silico, 4 in vivo; doses ranging from 16 to 50 Gy) focused on humans, with 9 patients undergoing STAR: average follow-up duration was 5 and 6 months, respectively. Data analysis supported efficacy of the treatment in the preclinical setting, whereas in the context of clinical studies the main favorable finding consisted in the detection of electrical scar in 4/4 patients undergoing specific evaluation; the minimum dose for efficacy was 25 Gy in both humans and animals. No acute complication was recorded; severe side-effects related to the long-term were observed only for very high STAR doses in 2 animals. Significant variability was evidenced among studies in the definition of target volume and doses, and in the management of respiratory and cardiac target motion.

Conclusion

STAR is an innovative non-invasive procedure already applied for experimental treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. Particular attention must be paid to safety, rather than efficacy of STAR, given the benign nature of AF. Uncertainties persist, mainly regarding the definition of the treatment plan and the role of the target motion. In this setting, more information about the toxicity profile of this new approach is compulsory before applying STAR to AF in clinical practice.
SS31 Alleviates Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure Caused by Sirt3-Mediated Mitochondrial Fusion
Authors: Suo Mengying , Qi Yan , Liu Lingxin , Zhang Chunmei , Li Jingyuan , Yan Xuefang , Zhang Chen , Ti Yun , Chen Tongshuai , Bu Peili
Published: May 2022

Heart failure caused by pressure overload is one of the leading causes of heart failure worldwide, but its pathological origin remains poorly understood. It remains critical to discover and find new improvements and treatments for pressure overload-induced heart failure. According to previous studies, mitochondrial dysfunction and myocardial interstitial fibrosis are important mechanisms for the development of heart failure. The oligopeptide Szeto-Schiller Compound 31 (SS31) can specifically interact with the inner mitochondrial membrane and affect the integrity of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Whether SS31 alleviates pressure overload-induced heart failure through the regulation of mitochondrial fusion has not yet been confirmed. We established a pressure-overloaded heart failure mouse model through TAC surgery and found that SS31 can significantly improve cardiac function, reduce myocardial interstitial fibrosis, and increase the expression of optic atrophy-associated protein 1 (OPA1), a key protein in mitochondrial fusion. Interestingly, the role of SS31 in improving heart failure and reducing fibrosis is inseparable from the presence of sirtuin3 (Sirt3). We found that in Sirt3KO mice and fibroblasts, the effects of SS31 on improving heart failure and improving fibroblast transdifferentiation were disappeared. Likewise, Sirt3 has direct interactions with proteins critical for mitochondrial fission and fusion. We found that SS31 failed to increase OPA1 expression in both Sirt3KO mice and fibroblasts. Thus, SS31 can alleviate pressure overload-induced heart failure through Sirt3-mediated mitochondrial fusion. This study provides new directions and drug options for the clinical treatment of heart failure caused by pressure overload.
Serial Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Studies Prior to and After mRNA-Based COVID-19 Booster Vaccination to Assess Booster-Associated Cardiac Effects
Authors: Meier Claudia , Korthals Dennis , Bietenbeck Michael , Chamling Bishwas , Drakos Stefanos , Vehof Volker , Stalling Philipp , Yilmaz Ali
Published: May 2022

Background

mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination is associated with rare but sometimes serious cases of acute peri-/myocarditis. It is still not well known whether a 3rd booster-vaccination is also associated with functional and/or structural changes regarding cardiac status. The aim of this study was to assess the possible occurrence of peri-/myocarditis in healthy volunteers and to analyze subclinical changes in functional and/or structural cardiac parameters following a mRNA-based booster-vaccination.

Methods and Results

Healthy volunteers aged 18–50 years (n = 41; m = 23, f = 18) were enrolled for a CMR-based serial screening before and after 3rd booster-vaccination at a single center in Germany. Each study visit comprised a multi-parametric CMR scan, blood analyses with cardiac markers, markers of inflammation and SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibody titers, resting ECGs and a questionnaire regarding clinical symptoms. CMR examinations were performed before (median 3 days) and after (median 6 days) 3rd booster-vaccination. There was no significant change in cardiac parameters, CRP or D-dimer after vaccination, but a significant rise in the SARS-CoV-2-IgG titer (p < 0.001), with a significantly higher increase in females compared to males (p = 0.044). No changes regarding CMR parameters including global native T1- and T2-mapping values of the myocardium were observed. A single case of a vaccination-associated mild pericardial inflammation was detected by T2-weighted CMR images.

Conclusion

There were no functional or structural changes in the myocardium after booster-vaccination in our cohort of 41 healthy subjects. However, subclinical pericarditis was observed in one case and could only be depicted by multiparametric CMR.
Insights Into Pulp Biomineralization in Human Teeth
Authors: He Rui , Chou Conrad , Chen Ling , Stoller Marshall , Kang Misun , Ho Sunita P.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Mineralized pulp (MP) compromises tooth function and its causation is unknown. The hypothesis of this study is that pulp mineralization is associated with pulpal tissue adaptation, increased mineral densities, and decreased permeabilities of tubular dentin and cementum. Methods will include correlative spatial mapping of physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of pulp, and contextualize these properties within the dentin-pulp complex (DPC) to reveal the inherent vunerabilities of pulp.

Methods

Specimens (N = 25) were scanned using micro X-ray computed tomography (micro-XCT) to visualize MP and measure mineral density (MD). Elemental spatial maps of MP were acquired using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe (μXRF) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Extracted pulp tissues were sectioned for immunolabelling and the sections were imaged using a light microscope. Microscale morphologies and nanoscale ultrastructures of MP were imaged using scanning electron (SEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques.

Results

Heterogeneous distribution of MD from 200 to 2,200 mg/cc, and an average MD of 892 (±407) mg/cc were observed. Highly mineralized pulp with increased number of occluded tubules, reduced pore diameter in cementum, and decreased connectivity in lateral channels were observed. H&E, trichrome, and von Kossa staining showed lower cell and collagen densities, and mineralized regions in pulp. The biomolecules osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), osterix (OSX), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) were immunolocalized around PGP 9.5 positive neurovascular bundles in MP. SEM and STEM revealed a wide range of nano/micro particulates in dentin tubules and spherulitic mineral aggregates in the collagen with intrafibrillar mineral surrounding neurovascular bundles. EDX and μXRF showed elevated counts of Ca, P, Mg, and Zn inside pulp and at the dentin-pulp interface (DPI) in the DPC.

Conclusion

Colocalization of physical and chemical, and biomolecular compositions in MP suggest primary and secondary biomineralization pathways in pulp and dentin at a tissue level, and altered fluid dynamics at an organ level. Elevated counts of Zn at the mineralizing front in MP indicated its role in pulp biomineralization. These observations underpin the inherent mechano- and chemo-responsiveness of the neurovascular DPC and help elucidate the clinical subtleties related to pulpitis, dentin-bridge, and pulp stone formation.
Prolonged Late Mesoproterozoic to Late Triassic Tectonic Evolution of the Major Paleo-Asian Ocean in the Beishan Orogen (NW China) in the Southern Altaids
Authors: Mao Qigui , Xiao Wenjiao , Wang Hao , Ao Songjian , Windley Brian F. , Song Dongfang , Sang Miao , Tan Zhou , Li Rui , Wang Meng
Published: May 2022

The accretionary processes and the continental growth of the Altaids are still controversial. The Beishan orogen is situated in the southernmost Altaids and is an ideal tectonic site to address these issues. In this study, we report the results of new field-based lithological mapping and structural analysis on the Huaniushan complex in the Beishan orogen, which is composed of blocks of serpentinized ultramafic, gabbro, basalt, chert, limestone, and other rocks within a strongly deformed and cleaved matrix of sandstone and schist. Our new zircon U-Pb date reveal that a gabbro block formed at 504 ± 3 Ma. Our geochemical and isotopic data of gabbroic and basaltic blocks show that they are relics of the Mid-Ocean-Ridge (MORB)-type and Ocean-Island-Basalt (OIB)-type oceanic lithosphere, with high values of εNd(t) (+4.3–+14.5) and εHf(t) (+8.07–+17.74). The maximum depositional ages (MDAs) of two sandstone blocks were dated at 309 ± 5 Ma and 502 ± 11 Ma, respectively. U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from the matrix sandstones indicate that they were derived only from the Shuangyingshan–Huaniushan arc to the north. Accordingly, the Huaniushan complex was part of the Liuyuan accretionary complex that fringed the Huaniushan arc, and, therefore, formed by the northward subduction of the Liuyuan oceanic plate. Combined with the basalt yields zircon U-Pb age of 1,071 ± 5 Ma, we concluded that the Huaniushan complex has an age of 1,071 Ma to 309 Ma. Furthermore, the oceanic blocks and sedimentary matrix of the Liuyuan accretionary complex have an age of 1,071–270 Ma and 920–234 Ma, respectively, suggesting that the Liuyuan Ocean was still open at ca. 234 Ma. Thus, the studies reveal that the Liuyuan Ocean, a major branch of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, may have experienced a prolonged tectonic history, starting in the late Mesoproterozoic (1,071 Ma) and terminating later than the late Triassic (234 Ma), with a long subduction and development of a series of seamounts and/or plateaus emplaced into the Liuyuan accretionary complex.
Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter: Consequences for Reductive Iron Oxide Dissolution and Fenton-Based Oxidation of Mineral-Associated Organic Matter
Authors: Krumina Lelde , Op De Beeck Michiel , Meklesh Viktoriia , Tunlid Anders , Persson Per
Published: May 2022

Recent studies have shown that dissolved organic matter (DOM) decomposed by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi increases adsorptive properties of organic matter towards soil mineral surfaces. Concomitantly, ECM fungi secrete secondary metabolites with iron reducing capacity that are thought to participate in non-enzymatic Fenton-based decomposition of DOM. The aim of this study was to investigate if the iron reduction induced by the ECM fungus Paxillus involutus during organic matter decomposition was conserved in the decomposed DOM. We explored how the modified DOM reductively dissolved ferrihydrite and goethite nanoparticles and how these processes affected the reactions with H2O2 and the Fenton-based oxidation of mineral-associated organic matter. Culture filtrates were obtained from incubation of the ECM fungus on DOM from forest litter of a spruce forest. This modified DOM was separated by extraction into an ethyl acetate and a water fraction. These fractions were reacted with ferrihydrite and goethite in absence and presence of H2O2. Dissolved Fe2+ and HO• were measured and the reactions at the iron oxide-water interfaces were monitored in real-time with in-situ IR spectroscopy. Experiments showed that decomposition of DOM by P. involutus generated a modified DOM that displayed an increased and persistent reductive capacity. Most of the reductants were isolated in the aromatic- and carboxyl-dominated ethyl acetate fraction but some reduction capacity was also captured in the water fraction mainly containing carbohydrates. Reductive dissolution was more extensive for ferrihydrite than goethite, and this process generated significant oxidation of the DOM-ferrihydrite associations. Oxidation of adsorbed DOM was triggered by H2O2via heterogenous and homogeneous Fenton reactions. These oxidation processes were favored by ferrihydrite because of a high reduction potential and a high efficiency of heterogeneous Fenton as compared to goethite. An optimal timing between the heterogeneous and homogeneous Fenton processes triggered extensive radical oxidation of the DOM-ferrihydrite associations generating a high concentration of surface-associated oxalate. Overall, the results show that organic matter associated with ferrihydrite may be more susceptible to radical oxidation than on goethite, and that fungal decomposition of DOM in general may have consequences for other important soil processes such as mineral dissolution, adsorption and initiation of radical reactions.
Investigating Nanoscale Electron Transfer Processes at the Cell-Mineral Interface in Cobalt-Doped Ferrihydrite Using Geobacter sulfurreducens: A Multi-Technique Approach
Authors: Buchanan Dawn M. , Newsome Laura , Lloyd Jonathan R. , Kazemian Majid , Kaulich Burkhard , Araki Tohru , Bagshaw Heath , Waters John , van der Laan Gerrit , N’Diaye Alpha , Coker Victoria S.
Published: May 2022

Cobalt is an essential element for life and plays a crucial role in supporting the drive to clean energy, due to its importance in rechargeable batteries. Co is often associated with Fe in the environment, but the fate of Co in Fe-rich biogeochemically-active environments is poorly understood. To address this, synchrotron-based scanning X-ray microscopy (SXM) was used investigate the behaviour of cobalt at the nanoscale in Co-Fe(III)-oxyhydroxides undergoing microbial reduction. SXM can assess spatial changes in metal speciation and organic compounds helping to elucidate the electron transfer processes occurring at the cell-mineral interface and inform on the fate of cobalt in redox horizons. G. sulfurreducens was used to reduce synthetic Co-ferrihydrite as an analogue of natural cobalt-iron-oxides. Magnetite [Fe(II)/Fe(III)3O4] production was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), SXM and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) data, where best fits of the latter suggested Co-bearing magnetite. Macro-scale XAS techniques suggested Co(III) reduction occurred and complementary SXM at the nanoscale, coupled with imaging, found localised biogenic Co(III) reduction at the cell-mineral interface via direct contact with outer membrane cytochromes. No discernible localised changes in Fe speciation were detected in the reordered cobalt-iron-oxides that were formed and at the end point of the experiment only 11% Co and 1.5% Fe had been solubilised. The solid phase retention, alongside the highly localised and preferential cobalt bioreduction observed at the nanoscale is consistent with retention of Co in redox zones. This work improves our fundamental molecular-scale understanding of the fate of Co in complex environmental systems and supports the development of biogenic Co-doped magnetite for industrial applications from drug delivery systems to magnetic recording media.