bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissociation between CSD-Evoked Metabolic Perturbations and Meningeal Afferent Activation and Sensitization: Implications for Mechanisms of Migraine Headache Onset
Authors: Zhao Jun , Levy Dan
Published: April 2018

The onset of the headache phase during attacks of migraine with aura, which occur in ∼30% of migraineurs, is believed to involve cortical spreading depression (CSD) and the ensuing activation and sensitization of primary afferent neurons that innervate the intracranial meninges, and their related large vessels. The mechanism by which CSD enhances the activity and mechanosensitivity of meningeal afferents remains poorly understood, but may involve cortical metabolic perturbations. We used extracellular single-unit recording of meningeal afferent activity and monitored changes in cortical blood flow and tissue partial pressure of oxygen (tpO2) in anesthetized male rats to test whether the prolonged cortical hypoperfusion and reduction in tissue oxygenation that occur in the wake of CSD contribute to meningeal nociception. Suppression of CSD-evoked cortical hypoperfusion with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor naproxen blocked the reduction in cortical tpO2, but had no effect on the activation of meningeal afferents. Naproxen, however, distinctly prevented CSD-induced afferent mechanical sensitization. Counteracting the CSD-evoked persistent hypoperfusion and reduced tpO2by preemptively increasing cortical blood flow using the ATP-sensitive potassium [K(ATP)] channel opener levcromakalim did not inhibit the sensitization of meningeal afferents, but prevented their activation. Our data show that the cortical hypoperfusion and reduction in tpO2that occur in the wake of CSD can be dissociated from the activation and mechanical sensitization of meningeal afferent responses, suggesting that the metabolic changes do not contribute directly to these neuronal nociceptive responses.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCortical spreading depression (CSD)-evoked activation and mechanical sensitization of meningeal afferents is thought to mediate the headache phase in migraine with aura. We report that blocking the CSD-evoked cortical hypoperfusion and reduced tissue partial pressure of oxygen by cyclooxygenase inhibition is associated with the inhibition of the afferent sensitization, but not their activation. Normalization of these CSD-evoked metabolic perturbations by activating K(ATP) channels is, however, associated with the inhibition of afferent activation but not sensitization. These results question the contribution of cortical metabolic perturbations to the triggering mechanism underlying meningeal nociception and the ensuing headache in migraine with aura, further point to distinct mechanisms underlying the activation and sensitization of meningeal afferents in migraine, and highlight the need to target both processes for an effective migraine therapy.
Clarifying regional hydrologic controls of the Marañón River, Peru through rapid assessment to inform system-wide basin planning approaches
Authors: Hill Alice F. , Stallard Robert F. , Rittger Karl
Published: April 2018

We use remote sensing to enhance the interpretation of the first baseline dataset of hydrologic, isotopic and hydrochemical variables spanning 620 km of the upper Marañón River, in Andean Peru, from the steep alpine canyons to the lower lying jungle. Remote, data-scarce river systems are under increased hydropower development pressure to meet rising energy demands. The upstream-downstream river continuum, which serves as a conduit for resource exchange across ecosystems, is at risk, potentially endangering the people, environments, and economies that rely on river resources. The Marañón River, one of the final free-flowing headwater connections between the Andes and the Amazon, is the subject of myriad large-scale hydropower proposals. Due to challenging access, environmental data are scarce in the upper Marañón, limiting our ability to do system-wide river basin planning. We capture key processes and transitions in the context of hydropower development. Two hydrologic regimes control the Marañón dry-season flow: in the higher-elevation upper reaches, a substantial baseflow is fed by groundwater recharged from wet season rains, in contrast to the lower reaches where the mainstem discharge is controlled by rain-fed tributaries that receive rain from lowland Amazon moisture systems. Sustainability of the upper corridor’s dry-season baseflow appears to be more highly connected to the massive natural storage capacity of extensive wetlands in the puna (alpine grasslands) than with cryospheric water inputs. The extent and conservation of puna ecosystems and glacier reservoirs may be interdependent, bringing to bear important conservation questions in the context of changing climate and land use in the region. More generally, this case study demonstrates an efficient combined remote sensing and field observation approach to address data scarcity across regional scales in mountain basins facing imminent rapid change.
Screening for germline KCNQ1 and KCNE2 mutations in a set of somatotropinoma patients
Authors: Iivonen Anna-Pauliina , Känsäkoski Johanna , Karppinen Atte , Kivipelto Leena , Schalin-Jäntti Camilla , Karhu Auli , Raivio Taneli
Published: April 2018

Objective

Recently, mutations in KCNQ1, a potassium channel gene usually linked to long QT syndrome, were reported to cause maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis and growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Expression of the mutated KCNQ1 with the auxiliary potassium channel subunit KCNE2 was shown to reduce pituitary hormone secretion in functional experiments. Here, we investigated if germline mutations in KCNQ1 and KCNE2 were present in patients with somatotropinomas, which represent a model of growth hormone excess.

Design and methods

KCNQ1 and KCNE2 were screened for germline mutations in 53 patients with acromegaly by Sanger sequencing. Effects of the variants were predicted by in silico tools.

Results

Only deep intronic and synonymous polymorphisms were detected in KCNQ1. These findings were likely insignificant based on in silico predictions and the variants’ frequencies in the general population. In KCNE2, a heterozygous c.22A>G, p.(Thr8Ala) mutation with unknown significance was found in three patients. It was present in the database controls with a frequency of 0.0038.

Conclusions

KCNQ1 or KCNE2 mutations do not appear to account for somatotropinoma formation, although larger patient series are needed to validate the findings.
Liraglutide increases IVF pregnancy rates in obese PCOS women with poor response to first-line reproductive treatments: a pilot randomized study
Authors: Salamun Vesna , Jensterle Mojca , Janez Andrej , Vrtacnik Bokal Eda
Published: April 2018

Objective

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been investigated in regulation of reproductive system in animal models. The potential impact of short-term preconception intervention with liraglutide on fertility potential in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has not been evaluated yet.

Design

A prospective randomized open-label study was conducted in 28 infertile obese PCOS patients (age: 31.07 ± 4.75, BMI: 36.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2, mean ± s.d.). They were assigned to metformin (MET) 1000 mg BID or to MET 1000 mg BID combined with low-dose liraglutide 1.2 mg QD s.c. (COMBI) for 12 weeks. Ovarian stimulation protocol was started after a 4-week medication-free period.

Methods

Thein vitrofertilization pregnancy rate (PR) was defined as the number of clinical pregnancies confirmed by ultrasound visualization of the fetal cardiac activity, divided by the total number of cycles performed or embryo transfers (ET). The spontaneous PR was followed for 12 months.

Results

Patients in the MET group on average lost 7.0 ± 6.0 kg (P = 0.001) compared with 7.5 ± 3.9 kg in the COMBI group (P < 0.001) with no significant between-treatment difference (P = 0.246). The PR per ET was significantly higher in the COMBI (85.7%) compared with the MET (28.6%) group (P = 0.03). The cumulative PR in the time frame of 12 months was 69.2% in the COMBI group compared to 35.7% in the MET group.

Conclusions

Preconception intervention with low-dose liraglutide added to metformin is superior to metformin alone in increasing PRs per ET and cumulative PRs in infertile obese women with PCOS, despite comparable weight reduction in both groups. A potential impact of liraglutide on the reproductive system needs further exploration, in particular the GLP-1 impact on endometrial quality and receptivity.
Electronic Properties of Surface Vacancies in CdS Nanocrystals
Authors: Kupchak I.M. , Serpak N.F. , Kapush O.A. , Korbutyak D.V.
Published: April 2018

Structural and electronic characteristics of neutral and charged vacancies of cadmium and sulfur in CdS nanocrystals have been performed using the density functional method with hybrid exchange-correlation functional. Total and partial density of states, formation energies and the energies of thermodynamic transitions were calculated. Based on these theoretical findings and available experimental data, we can confirm the assumption, that the singly charged vacancies of cadmium are the centers of radiative recombination in such the structures.
Effect of Thermal Annealings and Cooling Methods on Electrophysical Parameters of n Si Doped with Phosphorus Impurity Via the Melt and by Nuclear Transmutation Technique
Authors: Gaidar G. P.
Published: April 2018

The effect of the different regimes of heat treatment on the kinetics of electronic processes in silicon crystals doped with phosphorus impurity via the melt and by nuclear transmutation technique. The most significant influence of cooling under intermediate value of cooling rate (ucl » 15 оС/min) after high-temperature annealing on the main electrophysical parameters of the transmutation-doped n‑Si áPñ crystals was established. Features of changes of the anisotropy parameters of mobility and thermal electromotive force measured on silicon crystals of different doping techniques both in the initial state, and after high-temperature annealing when using different cooling rates, were found and explained.
Problems of Selection of Lubricants for Ethylene High-Pressure Compressors. 4. Investigation of antifriction properties of naphtene and polyglycol oils during high loading of solid lubricant pair
Authors: Sirenko H. O. , Sulyma I. V. , Svidersky V. P. , Kuzyshyn O. V. , Shmaltser N. V.
Published: April 2018

The antifriction properties of naphtene and polyglycol oils during little loading with lubrication of pair bronze-tungsten-carbide-alloy WK-6 (WK-ll) and graphelon-20-WK-6 (WK-11) and high loading with lubrication of pair ball-bearing-high-chromium steel ShKh-15 - steel ShKh-15 are investigated. New correlations of viscous-and-thermal and antifriction properties of different polyglycol oils permit to creating effective composition on its base. The dependence of seizure loading during testing on FBFM on the molecular mass of different polyglycols, wear spot on the axial loading and boundary loading on concentration of additives in naphtene and mineral oils are found. The mean-square relative deviation of diameter of spot of wear from the spot by Hertz give generalization assessment of antiwear properties of lubrication oils.
A Multicomponent Early Intervention Program and Trajectories of Behavior, Cognition, and Health
Authors: Côté Sylvana M. , Orri Massimiliano , Tremblay Richard E. , Doyle Orla
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate the developmental impact of a prenatal–to–age-5 multicomponent early intervention program targeting families living in low socioeconomic conditions.

METHODS:

Pregnant women from a disadvantaged Irish community were randomly assigned into a treatment group (home visits, baby massage, and parenting program; n = 115) or control group (n = 118). Children’s behavioral problems (externalizing, internalizing), cognitive skills (general, vocabulary), and health service use (number of health clinic visits), were regularly assessed (6 months to 4 years of age). Children’s developmental trajectories were modeled by using latent class growth analyses to test whether certain subgroups benefited more than others.

RESULTS:

High and low developmental trajectories were identified for each outcome. Treated children were more likely to follow the high-level trajectory for cognition (odds ratio = 2.89; 95% confidence interval = 1.55–5.50) and vocabulary skills (odds ratio = 2.02; 95% confidence interval = 1.08–3.82). There were no differences by treatment condition in the risk of belonging to a high externalizing or high health clinic visit trajectory. However, within the high externalizing trajectory, treated children had lower scores than controls (Hedges’ g range (2–4 years) = 0.45–0.58; P < .05) and, within the high health clinic visit trajectory, only children in the control group experienced an increasing number of visits.

CONCLUSIONS:

This program revealed moderate positive impacts on trajectories of cognitive development and number of health clinic visits for all children, whereas positive impacts on externalizing behavior problems were restricted to children with the most severe problems.
Productive longevity of cows of dairy breeds depending on the duration of their first service period
Authors: Babik N. P.
Published: April 2018

Recently, in the breeding and commodity farms of our country can be observed a rapid decrease in the duration of productive use dairy cattle. A considerable amount of scientific researches are conducted on the effects of hereditary and environmental factors on productive indicators longevity, researches are done on various ways to increase durability productive use of dairy cattle. In this aspect, reproductive ability of cows is important, which must be taken into account while individual estimation for the next selection of the most valuable animals that combine high milk productivity with high fertility. Therefore, the goal of our research was to study the productive longevity of dairy cows depending on the duration of their first service period and find the optimal duration of this indicator for a particular breed. The research was carried out on cows of Holstein, Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White breeds. Retrospective analysis of duration and the effectiveness of life-time use of cows was carried out according to the method Yu P. Polupan (2010). It was found that average duration of the first service-period of cows was 167.7 days on the studied Holstein populations, 180.3 – on the Ukrainian Black-and-White and Ukrainian Red-and-White – 142.1 days. The longest duration of life, productive use, lactations and the highest milk yields had cows with the duration of the first service period of 121–150 days among the Holstein breed, 151–180 – Ukrainian Black-and-White and 91–120 days and Ukrainian Red-and-White. The worst, by the indicators of productive longevity, were individuals with 60 days and no more of the first service period. Correlation analysis showed the different level of the connection between the duration of the service period animals and indicators of their lifelong use, which in most cases had a reverse nature. This kind of connection indicates that with the extension of the duration of service period of cows, the duration of their productive use and lifetime productivity decreases. In Holstein breed animals, the correlation coefficients between the above named indicators ranged from -0.462 to 0.370, Ukrainian Black-and-White – from -0.113 to 0.144 and Ukrainian Red-and-White – from 0.279 to 0.149. Strength of influence of the duration of the first service-period on life duration, productive use and lactation of cows, depending on the breed, was 12.5–36.5%, for lifetime productivity – 9.7–34.6 and on the one day of life, productive use and lactation – 11.3–35.9%.
The development of the digestive system in broiler chickens at different levels of selenium into the mixed fodder
Authors: Sobolev O. , Gutyj B. , Petryszak R. , Golodjuk I. , Naumyuk O. , Petryszak O.
Published: April 2018

Scientific studies of foreign and domestic scientists convincingly proved that selenium is a vitally necessary trace element for farm animals and birds with a wide range of biological effects. It performs unique multifunctional functions in the body – structural, catalytic, regulatory, possesses antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic radioprotective, immunostimulant, antiviral, anti-mutagenic, anti-toxic and adaptogenic properties, participates in the formation of mechanisms that determine the reproductive function of animals and birds, affects osteogenesis, participates in the processes of growth and development. In the scientific and economic research the influence of additives of various doses of selenium into mixed fodder on the development of the digestive system in broiler chickens was studied. As a source of selenium, selenite sodium was used. The research was conducted in the production conditions on broiler chickens of the COOB 500 cross. The duration of the experiment corresponded to the period of growing the young for meat and was 42 days. It was established that the use of selenium in the composition of mixed fodder for broiler chickens at doses of 0.3; 0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg positively influenced the development of the digestive system in young, in particular, contributed to an increase in the mass (by 4.1–11.6%) and total length (1.3–3.5%) of the intestine in general, and its thin and thick parts in particular, as well as the mass of the muscular stomach (17.3–23.2%) and liver (3.6–10.0%). The best macromorphological parameters of the digestive system development were chicken broilers, which, during the entire period of growing, mixed fodder, were enriched with selenium at a rate of 0.3 mg/kg. Comparison of the live weight of broiler chickens of experimental groups with indicators of intestinal development, muscular stomach and liver allows us to assume that the digestive systems in them have been developed better and during the growing period they function more actively.
Age dynamics of growth and development of chichens depending on protein metabolism
Authors: Kyryliv B.
Published: April 2018

In order to carry out the planned research, an experiment was carried out on repair young animals of the laying chickens of the «Hayseks Brown» cross from the one day-old age. For this purpose, in the conditions of the farm «Berkut» of the Drohobych district of the Lviv region, an industrial herd of hens in the amount of 10 thousand heads was formed. Poultry was kept in cages with free access to food and water. The temperature and light modes corresponded to the recommended standards and the content met the requirements of the technology. All poultry received a complete food, balanced for all nutrients and biological active substances. We have studied the dynamics of growth and development of chicken egg production of line cross «Hayseks brown» from day age to the age of peak performance. During the experiment, the study of the intensity of metabolic processes in the body of 6, 35, 90, 120, and 150 day-olds, i.e., in critical periods when there is intense growth of feathers and juvenile molten (30–60 days), the beginning of the oviposition (120 days) and the beginning of an intensive oviposition (150 days). In these age periods, the level of soluble proteins, amine nitrogen, and the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were determined in liver tissues, cuticles of the muscular stomach, gastrointestinal mucosa, gastrointestinal mucosa, duodenum and pancreas. During the growth and development of chickens, there are critical periods associated with intense growth of feathers (21–35 days), juvenile strain (70–84 days) and the beginning of oviposition (119–126 days). The highest protein content was found in liver and pancreatic tissues (11.08–13.8 mg/g), lower (by 40%) in the tissue of mucous membranes of the glandular stomach and duodenum and 4–5 times lower content in the tissue, the cuticles of the muscular stomach of the chicken in all the periods of growth we were studied. The age dynamics of changes in the activity of AlAT and AsAT was uneven in the tissues according to the study. Reduced AlAT activity at the 30-day age, similar to protein concentration, which is characteristic of liver tissue, 12-gullet mucosa and pancreatic of chicken. The results of biochemical studies are related to changes in the physiological state and magnitude of gains. During the growth of repair young poultry, in the critical periods of growth and development, it is necessary to deliberately affect the processes of protein metabolism by enhancing the processes of digestion and assimilation of nutrients and biologically active substances of fodder and the sufficient introduction of free amino acids by the use of exogenous enzyme preparations.
Shaoxing breed duck polymorphism by microsatellite loci
Authors: Chepiha A. M. , Kostenko S. O. , Doroshenko M. S. , Korol P. V. , Konoval O. M. , Lizhi Lu , Xuetao Huang , Liumeng Li
Published: April 2018

Microsatellite markers are now been widely used for the detection and description of micropopulation processes occurring in the populations of domestic animals for the effects of various factors of breeding pressure. Microsatellite loci distributed throughout eukaryotic genomes, making them the preferred genetic marker for high resolution genetic mapping. In recent years, rapid advances have been made in the development of molecular genetic maps. High-density linkage maps are now available for many farm animals, such as cattle, pigs, and goats. In contrast, mapping studies in avian species are much less advanced except in the chicken. According to FAO about 70% of ducks are bred in China. This country is a leader in growing ducks. The Shaoxing breed is one of the three major duck breeds in China. Ducks of this breed are characterized by high performance. According to the Bureau of Product Quality, the age of maturity (the beginning of egg laying) in these birds occurs at 130–140 days. The characteristics of the Shaoxing breed include the fact that the peak period of laying eggs lasts from eight to ten months. On average, one duck in 500 days gives from 290 to 310 eggs, which is one of the highest rates for egg breeds. That is why the purpose of our study was the microsatellite analysis of two populations of Shaoxing breed with 9 locuses was conducted. The selection of birds for the study were carried out on a duck farms in Zhejiang Generation Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd. and Zhuji Guowei Poultry Development Co, Ltd., and at the laboratory of the Jjejiang Academy of Sciences Institute. Samples collection and  DNA  preparation: Venous blood  samples  were  collected  from 480 ducks (240 ducks of population I and 240 ducks of population II of the Shaoxing breeds)  of  both populations  into  3  ml  tubes  containing  EDTA  as anticoagulant agent. In total of 9 investigated loci in the Shaoxing breed population, only one locus was monomorphic (SMO10). The number of different alleles (Na) for each polymorphic locus ranged from 2 (SMO12) to 13 (APL79, CMO11) in population I and from 2 (APL78, SMO12) to 7 (APL79) in population II. On average, one locus had 5.889 alleles in population I and 3.889 of alleles in the population II. The effective number of alleles (Nе) was 1.735 in population I and 1.599 in population II. The number of alleles and the expected heterozygosity (Hexp) values can provide important information for the discrimination of individuals and breeds. The index of expected heterozygosity in population I was 0.336 and 0.307 in population II. The information index (I) was 0,702 in population I and 0,576 in population II. For each population was found private alleles, in population I 6 alleles and in population II just 4 alleles. The results show high level of polymorphism of the studied populations of ducks. The obtained results can be used in the creation of new lines of ducks.
High Temperature Symmetry Non-Restoration And Inverse Symmetry Breaking in the Z2×Z2 Model
Authors: Phat Tran Huu , Hoa Le Viet , Anh Nguyen Tuan , Long Nguyen Van
Published: April 2018

The patterns of high temperature symmetry non-restoration (SNR) and inverse symmetry braking (ISB) in the Z2×Z2model are investigated in detail for a specified parameters.
Neutrinoless double beta decay in the economical 3-3-1 model
Authors: Soa Dang Van , Thao Nguyen Huy , Dong Phung Van , Huong Trinh Thi , Long Hoang Ngoc
Published: April 2018

Possible contributions to neutrinoless double beta (ββ)0ν decay in the economical 3-3-1 model

are discussed. We show that the (ββ)0ν decay in this model is due to both sources—Majorana

L and Dirac D neutrino masses. If the mixing angle between charged gauge bosons, the

standard model W and bilepton Y , is in range of the ratio of neutrino masses L/D, both

the Majorana and Dirac masses simultaneously give contributions dominant to the decay. As results,

constraints on the bilepton mass are also given.
KxNiy[Fe(CN)6].xH2O Prussian blue analogue: A study of size effect on the structural, optical and magnetic propertiecs
Authors: Phu Phung Kim , Giang Trinh Ngoc , Minh Nguyen Van
Published: April 2018

Recently, striking effects of light irradiation on the magnetic state were reported for Prussian blue (PB) analogues AxCoy[Fe(CN)6] (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs). The physical and optical properties of these compounds are dependent on the size of the particles of the measured samples. However, there have been few reports on the formation of nano-sized particles of the material and the effect of size of the particles on the properties of the compounds. In this report, we present a novel synthesis method of the KxNiy[Fe(CN)6] PB nano-particles and investigate the effect of particlesize on the properties of the Prussian blue analog KxNiy[Fe(CN)6] by analysising the results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis absorption and magnetization measurements of the compounds.

Keywords: Prussian Blue, nanoparticle, size effect, magnetic property
Study on activity of LRR-RLK VIII promoter driven arsenic tolerance in Arabidopsis model plant
Authors: Quỳnh Nguyễn Thị Thúy , Hoàng Nguyễn Huy , Hoang Hao Jen
Published: April 2018

The Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK), that is a receptor-like kinase consists of leucine rich repeat fragments, plays an important role in the plant growth and development as well as enhancing resistance ability against environmental stress factors. LRR-RLR promoter has been studied to increasing gene expression during stress conditions the stress conditions with salt, paraquat… However, no report has been studied on activity of LRR-RLK promoter in Arsenic (As) stress. Arabidopsis is a genome sequenced-model plant and has been widely used in the studies of important traits. In this study, LRR-RLK promoter was isolated from Arabidopsis, and constructed in plant expression vector pCAMBIA1304. In which, LRR-RLK VIII promoter drives the activity of GUS (beta-glucuronidase) gene. The functional regions of the LRR-RLK VIII promoter were determined and exposed some important regulatory elements such as W-box and ABRE using the database of Cis-acting Data Plan Regulatory DNA Elements (PLACE). Using the histochemical staining hypocotyls of T1 transgenic plant with X-gluc subtrate indicated that LRR-RLK VIII promoter driven activity of GUS gene is tissue-specific in tissue vessel and hypocotyls of T1 during As stress. The increase expression of LRR-RLK VIII gene in transgenic leaves under As stress compare to control ones were also observed by RT-PCR technique.
Production of transgenic tobacco plants expressing GS1 gene for the increase ofnitrogen use efficiency
Authors: Gấm Nguyễn Thị Hồng , Giang Trần Thị Hương , Thảo Bùi Phương , Đoài Nguyễn Văn , Thơm Nguyễn Thị , Thắng Bùi Văn , Ngọc Phạm Bích , Hà Chu Hoàng
Published: April 2018

Glutamine synthetase (GS, CE 6.3.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent condensation of glutamic acid with ammonia to yield glutamine. Glutamine synthetase is a key enzyme involved in the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen into organic forms. In plant cells, GS is present in both chloroplasts (GS2) and cytoplasm (GS1), in which GS1 can assimilate nitrogen source. In this study, one transgenic vector pBI121 carrying GS1 gene under the control of promoter 35S (pBI121::GS1) were successfully constructed. This vector containing G1S gene was transformed into tobacco leaves pieces via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58. Five weeks after cultivation, there were 28 tobacco lines which had roots on the medium added kanamycin 50 mg/l. Then, the presence of G1S gene in these tobacco lines was tested from leaves in the next experiments. PCR and Southern blot confirmed that there are five tobacco lines carrying transferred GS1 gene. The effectiveness of nitrogen using in GS1 transgenic tobacco plants in vitro was evaluated. The tissue fresh weight, number and height of shoots forming buds and rooting ability of GS1 transgenic tobacco plants were greater than those of non-GM plants in the medium of low nitrogen concentration (0.1X - 0.2X). Assessment of crop growing in a greenhouse demonstrated that GS1 transgenic tobacco plants grow faster than non-transgenic ones. In detail, the increment of plant height after planting 03 months and 05 months in greenhouse is 43.55% and 33.29%, respectively. These results provide a scientific basis for the development of other genetically modified plants which enhanced nitrogen-use efficiency.
Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitors and Radiation in the Management of Brain Metastases from EGFR Mutant Lung Cancers
Authors: Khandekar Melin J. , Piotrowska Zofia , Willers Henning , Sequist Lecia V.
Published: April 2018

The growth of genotype-directed targeted therapies, such as inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has revolutionized treatment for some patients with oncogene-addicted lung cancer. However, as systemic control for these patients has improved, brain metastases remain an important source of morbidity and mortality. Traditional treatment for brain metastases has been radiotherapy, either whole-brain radiation or stereotactic radiosurgery. The growing availability of drugs that can cross the blood-brain barrier and have activity in the central nervous system (CNS) has led to many studies investigating whether targeted therapy can be used in combination with or in lieu of radiation. In this review, we summarize the key literature about the incidence and nature of EGFR-mutant brain metastases (EGFR BMs), the data about the activity of EGFR inhibitors in the CNS, and whether they can be used as front-line therapy for brain metastases. Although initial use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for EGFR BMs can often be an effective treatment strategy, multidisciplinary evaluation is critical, and prospective studies are needed to clarify which patients may benefit from early radiotherapy.

Implications for Practice

Management of brain metastases in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant lung cancer is a common clinical problem. The question of whether to start initial therapy with an EGFR inhibitor or radiotherapy (either whole-brain radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery) is controversial. The development of novel EGFR inhibitors with enhanced central nervous system (CNS) penetration is an important advance in the treatment of CNS disease. Multidisciplinary evaluation and evaluation of extracranial disease status are critical to choosing the best treatment option for each patient.
Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers for Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: Why PD-L1 Testing May Not Be Enough
Authors: Weinberg Benjamin A. , Xiu Joanne , Hwang Jimmy J. , Shields Anthony F. , Salem Mohamed E. , Marshall John L.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The treatment of patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinomas has been transformed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of pembrolizumab. Tumor and adjacent tissue must stain positively for the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein by companion diagnostic testing. However, some patients with PD-L1-negative tumors also benefit from pembrolizumab. High microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational load (TML) are positive predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in other tumors. We sought to identify more patients who could benefit from ICI using alternative PD-L1 thresholds, MSI, and TML.

Methods

Tumor specimens underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) and PD-L1 testing using immunohistochemistry. NGS was used to determine TML and MSI.

Results

We profiled 581 G/GEJ adenocarcinoma specimens. PD-L1 staining was scored for intensity (0, none; 1+, weak; 2+, moderate; 3+, strong). Using 2+ staining at a 5% threshold, 9.3% of tumors were PD-L1 positive, and using 1+ staining at 1%, 16.2% were PD-L1 positive. 6.9% of tumors had high MSI. High TML (≥17 mutations per megabase) was seen in 6.9%, and medium TML (≥7) was seen in 56.5% of tumors. Thirty (5.2%) PD-L1-negative tumors at the 1+, 1% threshold had high TML or high MSI. Primary tumors had higher rates of high TML (8.8% vs. 3.9%; p = .0377) and high MSI (8.5% vs. 3.9%; p = .0471) than metastases.

Conclusion

PD-L1 testing alone fails to detect patients who may benefit from ICI. Lower PD-L1 thresholds and TML testing should be considered in future clinical trials.

Implications for Practice

Pembrolizumab is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for patients with refractory gastric and gastroesophageal cancers if the tumor and adjacent tissue stain positively for the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein by companion diagnostic testing. Tumor mutational load, microsatellite instability (MSI), and alternative PD-L1 testing thresholds may serve as predictive biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint inhibition, and standard PD-L1 testing will not identify all patients who may benefit from this therapy.
AMELİYAT DÖNEMİNDE ISTENMEYEN HIPOTERMIDE KANITA DAYALI UYGULAMALAR
Authors: SOYSAL Ganime Esra , İLÇE Arzu
Published: April 2018

AMELİYAT DÖNEMİNDE ISTENMEYEN HIPOTERMIDE KANITA DAYALI UYGULAMALAR

ÖZET

Ameliyat döneminde istenmeyen hipotermi cerrahi operasyon geçiren hastaların çoğunda görülmektedir. Anestezi, uzun süren ameliyatlar, soğuk ameliyathane odası, ileri yaş, ASA skoru IV ve üstü olan hastalarda hipotermi görülme riski daha fazladır.  Hipotermi görülen hastalarda cerrahi alan enfeksiyonların, kanamanın, postoperatif ağrının arttığı, anestezi sonrası uyanmanın geciktiği, termal konforun bozdulduğu ve hastanede kalış süresinin uzattığı bildirilmektedir. Bu derleme makale, ameliyat döneminde istenmeyen hipoterminin önlenmesinde kanıta dayalı uygulamaları incelemek amacıyla hazırlandı. Ameliyat döneminde istenmeyen hipoterminin önlenmesi için ameliyattan önce her hasta hipoermi riski açısından değerlendirilmedir. Cerrahinin uzun sürmesi, düşük vücut kütle oranı, düşük tansiyon, soğuk irigasyon sıvılarının kullanılması hipotermi riskini attırmaktadır (Kanıt düzeyi IB). Riskli gurupta olduğu tespit edilen ve vücut sıcaklığı <36 oC olan hastalar ameliyatta alınmadan aktif olarak ısıtılmalı ve bu ameliyat esnasında da sürdürülmelidir. Otuz dakikanın üzerinde süren ameliyatlarda tüm hastalar aktif olarak ısıtılmalıdır (Kanıt düzeyi VB). Hastanın vücut sıcaklığı anestezi indüksiyonu öncesi ve ameliyat esnasında 30 dakikada bir ölçülmeli ve kaydedilmelidir. Ameliyat döneminde ısınma hastalarda postoperatif ağrıyı, yara yeri enfeksiyonu, titremeyi ve perioperatif kan kaybınını azalmaktadır (Kanıt düzeyi IB). Sonuç olarak ameliyat döneminde istenmeyen hipotermi ile ilgili kanıta dayalı uygulamalar ışığında ameliyat döneminde hasta bakım standartları yeniden düzenlenmelidir. Normal vücut sıcaklığını korumak için uygulanacak önlemler ve farklı aktif ısıtma yöntemleri kendi içinde karşılaştıran kanıt düzeyi yüksek çalışmalarla desteklenmelidir.

Anahtar kelimeler: Hipotermi; kanıta dayalı uygulamalar; perioperatif dönem
KADINLARIN DOĞUM SONU DÖNEMDE AİLE PLANLAMASI TERCİHLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: TOSUN GÜLEROĞLU Funda , ALP YILMAZ Figen , HÖBEK AKARSU Rukiye
Published: April 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışma yeni
doğum yapan annelerin doğum sonrası dönemde kullanmayı tercih
ettiği aile planlaması yöntemleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı olarak planlanan bu
çalışma  iç Anadolu bölgesinde bir
şehirde doğum ve çocuk hastalıkları hastanesinde doğum yapan ve araştırmaya
katılmayı kabul eden 293 kadın ile yapılmıştır. Veriler literatür taranarak
oluşturulan anket formu ile yüz yüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak doğum sonu
birinci günde toplanmıştır. İstatistik analiz paket programı ile verilerin
analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Kadınların yaş ortalaması 26,5±5.6 (17–42)
olup, %53,9'u ilkokul mezunu, %92.2’si ev hanımıdır.  Yüzde 52,2’sinin ekonomik durumunun orta
olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Gebelik öncesi %59,2’si aile planlaması yöntemi
kullandıklarını ve en çok kullanılan yöntemin %21,5 ile rahim içi araç olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Doğumdan sonra %37,3’ünün aile planlaması yöntemi olarak rahim
içi araç kullanacağını ifade etmişlerdir.

Sonuç:  Kadınların %30’u doğumdan sonra kullanacakları
aile planlanması yöntemine karar vermediklerini ifade etmişlerdir. Bu nedenle
loğusa servislerinde çalışan hemşireler doğum sonu eğitimlerine özellikle aile
planlaması yöntemlerini katarak karar vermeyen kadınları etkili aile planlaması
yöntemlerini tercih etmelerine katkı sağlayabilirler.
Toraks Travmalı Erişkin Hastalardaki Kot Fraktürü ve Hemopnömotoraks Arasındaki Korelasyon
Authors: SERİN Halil , ERKOÇ Mustafa Fatih
Published: April 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amaç travmaya bağlı
gelişen kot fraktürü ile hemopnömotoraks ilişkisinin saptanmasıdır.

Gereç ve yöntemler: Hastanemiz acil
servisine 2014-2017 yılları arasında göğüs travmasıyla gelen ve kot kırığı
bulunan 280 hastanın toraks BT filmleri retrospektif olarak taranmıştır.

Bulgular: 130 hastada deplase(%46,4)
150 hastada nondeplase (%53,6) kot kırıkları saptandı. Deplase olanların 75
tanesinde (%57,6) travmatik pnömotoraks, 25 inde (%19,2) eşlik eden hemotraks
vardı. Nondeplase kırıkların 20 tanesinde (%13,3) pnömotoraks, 7 sinde (%4,)
eşlik eden hemotoraks vardı. Geri kalanlarda pnömotoraks hemotoraks izlenmedi. Tüm
kırıkların 35’i (%12,5) alt torakal segmentte (9-12. Kotlar), 205’i (%73,2) ise
üst torakal segmentteydi (1-8. Kotlar). 
40 hastada (%14,3)  ise mix tip
fraktürler izlendi. Üst torakal yerleşimli olanların 100’ünde  ( %79), alt torakal segmentte olanların
4’ünde ( %3) ve mixt tip olanların 23’ünde (%18) hemopnömotoraks saptandı.

Sonuç: Kot kırığının lokalizasyonu ve
deplase-nondeplase olması eşlik eden olası hemopnömotoraks varlığı ile
ilişkilidir.
Accuracy of dental models fabricated by CAD/CAM milling method and 3D printing method
Authors:   College of Bio-Ecological health & Dental Technology, Shinhan University Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea., Kim Wook-Tae
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a dental model fabricated using the CAD/CAM milling method and the 3D printing method. Materials and Method: This study was conducted in sequence of the digitization of the master model using an intraoral scanner, the manufacturing of working models (milling model, Multi-jet printing model and Color-jet printing model) by using the scan data of the master model, the digitization of the working model by using a laboratory scanner, the superimposition of the digital data of the master model and working models using inspection software, and 3-dimensional analysis. Ten measurements per group were done by one practitioner. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test were performed to compare the difference between the three groups. Results: The overall difference in models caused by the manufacturing method was measured as 73.05μm±9.64μm, 84.52μm±4.78μm, and 96.05μm±5.43μm in the milling group, Multi-jet printing group and Color-jet printing group, respectively. The difference according to the shape of the teeth, the abutment teeth among the three parts was recorded with the lowest values as 19.18±2.08μm, 77.10±7.48μm, and 56.63±4.58μm. Conclusions: Dental models manufactured by the CAD/CAM milling method presented superior accuracy over the models manufactured by the 3D printing method. Therefore, the use of optimized CAD software and appropriate materials is crucial for the fabrication accuracy of dental models.
ISCO Collection - AOC Project v1
Authors: Templar Hayley , McLellan Sandra
Published: April 2018

A-2. ISCO Sampling Protocol River and estuary samples will be collected using an automated ISCO sampler using the following protocol: Sampler Description: A Teledyne ISCO 3700 full size portable sequential sampler is used for sampling. ISCO sampler consists of a rosette of 24, one-liter polypropylene bottles in which samples are collected at regular intervals. Includes a pump, which pumps water through a ¼-inch, flexible sample line into sample bottles. Sample line is automatically rinsed before each new sample is collected. Controller on ISCO sampler allows for sample programming. Sampler Installation: The ISCO samplers are installed within a sturdy, locked enclosure that is protected from damage due to tampering and environmental hazards (usually installed within a U.S. Geological Survey gaging station). ISCO samplers are installed by extending the ¼-inch suction line from the sampler into the water body being sampled. Sample line is secured using PVC pipe attached to a permanent structure, such as a river wall or concrete river bed. A Campbell® Scientific CR1000 datalogger and AirLink® LS300 Raven cell modem is installed to communicate with the ISCO, allowing for remote control and monitoring of the sampler. ISCO samplers are generally programmed to collect 250 mL every 15 minutes for up to 24 hours (each bottle represents a composite, one-hour sample). Field Collection: ISCO samplers are turned on remotely using the Campbell® Scientific LoggerLink mobile application, which communicates with the datalogger. Sampler is filled with ice to ensure sample preservation and ice is replaced once per day while the sampler is running. When samples are collected, if ice is melted, the temperature of the melted ice water is recorded on a field sheet. Water samples are collected in two-liter plastic Nalgene bottles, which are sanitized with dish soap after each use. A small quantity of sample water from each sample bottle is poured into a Nalgene bottle, capped, shaken, and dumped to remove any soap residue from the bottle before the sample is collected (x3). During and within 24 hours of an event, two ISCO sample bottles are combined into one, two-liter Nalgene bottle when the samples are collected (results in a two hour composite sample). 24 hours after an event, four ISCO sample bottles are combined into one, two-liter Nalgene bottle when the samples are collected (results in a four hour composite sample). Samples are immediately placed on ice and taken back to the lab for filtering. One-liter ISCO sample bottles are rinsed with deionized water (x3) and replaced in the sampler after each sample is removed. Bottle blanks are collected once per event at each site by collecting a sample of deionized water using the same procedure that a field sample would be collected.
osmFISH v1
Authors: Codeluppi Simone , E. Borm Lars , zeisel amit , La Manno Gioele , A. van Lunteren Josina , I. Svensson Camilla , Linnarsson Sten
Published: April 2018

osmFISHisacyclicsinglemolecule fluorescentinsituhybridizationprotocolused toquantify theexpressionlevelof specific transcriptsintissuesections by direct labeling of individualRNAmolecules. The number of transcripts quantified in each round correspondthe numbers offluorophores available in the microscope setup. In order to quantify a large number of genes,osmFISH provides a method toremove theprobes/labelling (stripping) fromtheirtargets and get the tissue ready forthenextroundoflabeling-imaging-stripping. Even though theosmFISH protocol has been developed toperform multiple smFISH rounds, it can also be used asaquick and simple methodfor one-round smFISH. Furthermore, the protocol can be further extended toinclude more complex encoding/barcoding shemes that can be used to resolve a larger number of targets.
Transformation of Vibrio natriegens v1
Authors: Helbig Carlos
Published: April 2018

This protocol describes how to transform chmically competentVibrio natriegens cells. The protocol was described and published by Weinstock et al., 2016
An assessment on a large geographic scale of Eurasian inland saline surface waters v2
Authors: Boros Emil , Kolpakova Marina
Published: April 2018

The major ion concentration data of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), sulphate (SO4), bicarbonate (HCO3), carbonate (CO3) and pH (if it was coupled with ion data) were input into the database. The data were drawn from a large geographic scale across Eurasia (Austria, China, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Serbia, Turkey) and from a large number of saline lakes and pans (N=220) with minimum a 1.0 g L–1salinity threshold. The 1.0 g L–1salinity threshold was selected based on a former study (Boros et al., 2014), where this threshold was experimentally found to be the characteristic boundary of soda ecosystems. Salinity was estimated by the sum of measured concentrations of eight major ions (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4, HCO3, CO3). As generally known, sodium is by far the most common cation in saline lakes and necessarily the dominant cation in soda type lakes. Therefore, sites were excluded from the dataset if Na was not the most abundant ion. If seasonal or annual water data were available, mean values were put into database. Most of the data came from papers (sources are indicated in the table).
Electroporation of Vibrio natriegens (Weinstock et al. 2016, modified .) v1
Authors: Daniel Benjamin
Published: April 2018

A protocoll outlining the Preperation and transformation of electro-competent cells for Vibrio natriegens Preparation of electrocompetent cells (Vibrio natrigens) 10 mL BHI (Brain haert infusion) + v2 salts Overnight culture Inoculation of a new BHI + v2 media with 1% of the overnight culture as inoculum. Grow at 37°C shaking to an OD of 0.5 Chill the culture on ice for 15 min Use a chilled (4°C) centrifuge at 4,500 r.p.m. for 20 min Decant the supernatant diligently and carefully Resuspend gently in 5-10 mL Electroporation-Buffer (680 mM sucrose, 7 mM K2HPO4, pH 7), then fill the falcon tube to the top. To wash, spin again at 4.500 r.p.m. for 15 min at 4 °C, then resuspend gently in 5 mL Electroporation-Buffer. Repeat washing twice for a total of three times. Spin again at 4.500 r.p.m. for 15 min at 4 °C, decant supernatant and resuspend carefully in the residual buffer. Adjust volume for a OD of 16 Aliquot in chilled Micro-Reaction-Tubes, then snap freeze in liquid nitrogen Store at –80°C Electroporation remove one aliquot with electrocompetent cells from storage keep on ice until thawed add plasmid and mix gently Transfer to chilled electroporation cuvette Electroporation is done with the following parameters:700(–900) V, 25 μF, 200 Ω in a 1mm cuvette Recover for one hour at 37°C in brain heart infusion with v2 salts Plate on LB2 agar plates.