bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical Approach to Splenic Hydatid Cyst: Single Center Experience
Authors: Eris Cengiz , Akbulut Sami , Yildiz Mehmet Kamil , Abuoglu Hasan , Odabasi Mehmet , Ozkan Erkan , Atalay Suleyman , Gunay Emre
Published: November 2013

The benefits and risks of surgery for splenic hydatid cyst (SHC) remain controversial. We aimed to share our experience about a surgical approach for SHC. Sixteen consecutive patients with SHC disease who underwent open splenectomy at our hospital between January 2006 and July 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. Data on the patients' demographic features, clinical findings, radiological and serological diagnostic methods, and surgical and medicinal treatment options were collected and used to generate descriptive profiles of diagnosis, treatment course, and outcome. The patient population was composed of 6 females and 10 males, with an age range of 18 to 79 years (mean age: 47.0 ± 18.0). Radiological examinations detected hydatid cysts in spleen alone (n = 7) or both spleen and liver (n = 9). Preoperative serological testing identified 13 of the patients as IHA positive. All except 1 patient received a 10- to 21-day preoperative course of albendazole therapy and all patients received vaccination 1 week prior to surgery. Seven patients underwent splenectomy. The remaining patients underwent splenectomy with partial cystectomy and omentopexy (n = 6), partial cystectomy and unroofing (n = 1), pericystectomy (n = 1), or pericystectomy with partial nephrectomy (n = 1). All except one patient received a 10- to 45-day postoperative course of albendazole. No patients developed serious complications or signs of recurrence during the follow-up. The clinical profile of SHC disease at our hospital includes diagnosis by radiological methods, splenectomy treatment by simple or concomitant procedures according to the patient's symptoms, cyst size, number and localization, and compression of adjacent organs, and adjunct vaccination to decrease risk of postoperative septic complications. This profile is associated with low risk of complications and high therapeutic efficacy.
The sulfur budget of the 2011 Grímsvötn eruption, Iceland
Authors: Sigmarsson Olgeir , Haddadi Baptiste , Carn Simon , Moune Séverine , Gudnason Jónas , Yang Kai , Clarisse Lieven
Published: November 2013

Sulfur concentrations have been measured in 28 melt inclusions (MIs) in plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and olivine crystals extracted from tephra produced during the explosive eruption of Grímsvötn in May 2011. The results are compared to sulfur concentrations in the groundmass glass in order to estimate the mass of sulfur brought to surface during the eruption. Satellite measurements yield order of magnitude lower sulfur (~0.2 Tg) in the eruption plume than estimated from the difference between MI and the groundmass glass. This sulfur “deficit” is readily explained by sulfur adhering to tephra grains but principally by sulfide globules caused by basalt‐sulfide melt exsolution before degassing. A mass balance calculation reveals that approximately ~0.8 Tg of SO2 is present as globules, representing ~50% of the total sulfur budget. Most of the sulfide globules likely reside at depth due to their elevated density, for potential later remobilization by new magma or hydrothermal circulation.
Genome‐wide significant localization for working and spatial memory: Identifying genes for psychosis using models of cognition
Authors: Knowles Emma E.M. , Carless Melanie A. , de Almeida Marcio A.A. , Curran Joanne E. , McKay D. Reese , Sprooten Emma , Dyer Thomas D. , Göring Harald H. , Olvera Rene , Fox Peter , Almasy Laura , Duggirala Ravi , Kent Jack W. , Blangero John , Glahn David. C.
Published: November 2013

It is well established that risk for developing psychosis is largely mediated by the influence of genes, but identifying precisely which genes underlie that risk has been problematic. Focusing on endophenotypes, rather than illness risk, is one solution to this problem. Impaired cognition is a well‐established endophenotype of psychosis. Here we aimed to characterize the genetic architecture of cognition using phenotypically detailed models as opposed to relying on general IQ or individual neuropsychological measures. In so doing we hoped to identify genes that mediate cognitive ability, which might also contribute to psychosis risk. Hierarchical factor models of genetically clustered cognitive traits were subjected to linkage analysis followed by QTL region‐specific association analyses in a sample of 1,269 Mexican American individuals from extended pedigrees. We identified four genome wide significant QTLs, two for working and two for spatial memory, and a number of plausible and interesting candidate genes. The creation of detailed models of cognition seemingly enhanced the power to detect genetic effects on cognition and provided a number of possible candidate genes for psychosis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tooth cusp sharpness as a dietary correlate in great apes
Authors: Berthaume Michael A.
Published: November 2013

Mammalian molars have undergone heavy scrutiny to determine correlates between morphology and diet. Here, the relationship between one aspect of occlusal morphology, tooth cusp radius of curvature (RoC), and two broad dietary categories, folivory and frugivory, is analyzed in apes. The author hypothesizes that there is a relationship between tooth cusp RoC and diet, and that folivores have sharper teeth than frugivores, and further test the correlation between tooth cusp RoC and tooth cusp size. Eight measures of tooth cusp RoC (two RoCs per cusp) were taken from 53 M2s from four species and subspecies of frugivorous apes (Pongo pygmaeus, Pan troglodytes troglodytes, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, and Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and two subspecies of folivorous apes (Gorilla beringei beringei, and Gorilla beringei graueri). Phylogenetically corrected ANOVAs were run on the full dataset and several subsets of the full dataset, revealing that, when buccolingual RoCs are taken into account, tooth cusp RoCs can successfully differentiate folivores and frugivores. PCAs revealed that folivores consistently had duller teeth than frugivores. In addition, a weak, statistically significant positive correlation exists between tooth cusp size and tooth cusp RoC. The author hypothesizes differences in tooth cusp RoC are correlated with wear rates, where, per vertical unit of wear, duller cusps will have a longer length of exposed enamel ridge than sharper cusps. More data need to be gathered to determine if the correlation between tooth cusp RoC and tooth cusp size holds true when small primates are considered. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:226–235, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of humidity, temperature, and the addition of activated carbon on the preparation of cellulose acetate membranes and their ability to remove arsenic from water
Authors: Terrazas‐Bandala Luisa Piroshka , Gonzalez‐Sanchez Guillermo , Garcia‐Valls Ricard , Gumi Tania , Beurroies Isabelle , Denoyel Renaud , Torras Carles , Ballinas‐Casarrubias Lourdes
Published: November 2013

Several composite membranes have been prepared from cellulose triacetate (CTA) and activated carbon (AC) by solvent casting, varying temperature from 35 to 55°C and relative humidity (RH): 10–70%. Some conditions promoted AC particle agglomeration which is evidenced by SEM and IFME® program. In those membranes, where homogeneity is attained, a deep characterization has been carried out by DMA, MDSC, thermoporometry, solute transport, and AFM. When AC is added in films, Tg is lowered and the fraction of pores with bigger size is augmented. Molecular weight cut off calculated by solute transport, increases from 801.15 to 1194.29 kDa using 1% AC at RH 70% and T 35°C. Water flux is of 5.23 Lm−2 h−1 bar−1. Arsenic removal has been performed, achieving a 45% tested from a 500 ppb arsenic solution, where several factors such as electrical rejection, adsorption and exclusion, could contribute to the total membrane nanofiltration process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40134.
Fe‐mediated ICAR ATRP of styrene and acrylonitrile in polyethylene glycol
Authors: Wang Guo‐Xiang , Lu Mang , Hou Zhao‐Hui , Gao Yong , Liu Li‐Chao , Wu Hu
Published: November 2013

In this contribution, random copolymers of p(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) via initiators for continuous activator regeneration (ICAR) in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) (ICAR ATRP) of styrene and acrylonitrile (SAN) were synthesized at 90°C in low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG‐400) using CCl4 as initiator, FeCl3·6H2O as catalyst, succinic acid as ligand and thermal radical initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as thermal free radical initiator. In this system, well‐defined copolymer of SAN was achieved. The kinetics results showed that the copolymerization rate obeyed first‐order kinetics model with respect to the monomer concentration, and a linear increase of the molecular weights with the increasing of monomer conversion with narrow molecular weight distribution was observed in the range of 1.1–1.5. The conversion decreased with increasing the amount of FeCl3·6H2O and increased with increasing the molar ratio of [St]0/[AN]0/[CCl4]0 and temperature. AIBN has a profound effect on the polymerization. The activation energy was 55.67 kJ mol−1. The living character of copolymerization was confirmed by chain extension experiment. The resultant random copolymer was characterized by 1H‐NMR and GPC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40135.
Open access subject repositories: An overview
Authors: Björk Bo‐Christer
Published: November 2013

Subject repositories are open web collections of working papers or manuscript copies of published scholarly articles, specific to particular scientific disciplines. The first repositories emerged in the early 1990s, and in some fields of science they have become an important channel for the dissemination of research results. With quite strict inclusion criteria, 56 subject repositories were identified from a much larger number indexed in 2 repository indices. A closer study of these demonstrated a huge variety in sizes, organizational models, functions, and topics. When they first started to emerge, subject repositories catered to a strong market demand, but the later development of Internet search engines, the rapid growth of institutional repositories, and the tightening of journal publisher open access policies seems to be slowing their growth.
Uncalibrated Image‐Based Visual Servoing of Rigid‐Link Electrically Driven Robotic Manipulators
Authors: Liang Xinwu , Wang Hesheng , Chen Weidong , Liu Yun‐Hui
Published: November 2013

In this paper, the uncalibrated fixed‐camera visual servoing problem of robot manipulators will be addressed by considering its full motor dynamics. A new adaptive image‐space visual servoing strategy without both the joint and visual acceleration measurements is presented, which can handle uncertainties in the camera intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, the robot kinematic and dynamic parameters, and the motor dynamic parameters. The proposed scheme is developed based on the depth‐independent interaction matrix in order to deal with the nonlinear dependence of image Jacobian matrix on the unknown parameters, which allows the camera and robot kinematic parameters in the closed‐loop dynamics to be linearly parameterized. In this way, adaptive laws for the online estimation of the unknown camera, kinematic, rigid dynamic, and motor dynamic parameters can be developed very efficiently. Furthermore, a joint velocity observer will also be presented to solve the problem without both the joint and visual acceleration measurements. To show asymptotic convergence of image errors, stability analysis based on both the rigid‐link robot dynamics and full motor dynamics will be performed by using Lyapunov theory. Simulation results will be given to validate the performance of the proposed scheme.
Local recurrence after stenting for obstructing left-sided colonic cancer
Authors: Gorissen K J , Tuynman J B , Fryer E , Wang L , Uberoi R , Jones O M , Cunningham C , Lindsey I
Published: November 2013

Background

Self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) may be used in acute obstructing left-sided colonic cancers to avoid high-risk emergency surgery. However, oncological safety remains uncertain. This study evaluated the long-term oncological outcome of SEMS as a bridge to elective curative surgery versus emergency resection.

Methods

A consecutive prospective cohort of patients admitted with obstructing left-sided colonic cancer between 2006 and 2012 was analysed. The decision to stent as a bridge to surgery or to perform emergency surgery was made by the on-call consultant colorectal surgeon in conjunction with a consultant interventional radiologist; when appropriate, they performed the stent procedure together. Primary outcomes were local and distant recurrence, and overall survival. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications, in-hospital mortality, proportion of procedures undertaken laparoscopically, and anastomosis and stoma rates.

Results

In total, 105 patients with obstructing left-sided colonic cancer were treated with curative intent; 62 were treated with SEMS as a bridge to surgery and 43 had emergency resection. In patients aged 75 years or less, stenting and delayed surgery was associated with a higher local recurrence rate compared with emergency surgery at the end of follow-up (32 versus 8 per cent; P = 0·038). This did not translate into a significant difference in overall survival.

Conclusion

SEMS was associated with an increased local recurrence rate.
Population-based cohort study comparing 30- and 90-day institutional mortality rates after colorectal surgery
Authors: Byrne B E , Mamidanna R , Vincent C A , Faiz O
Published: November 2013

Background

Surgical mortality results are increasingly being reported and published in the public domain as indicators of surgical quality. This study examined how mortality outlier status at 90 days after colorectal surgery compares with mortality at 30 days and subsequent intervals in the first year after surgery.

Methods

All adults undergoing elective and emergency colorectal resection between April 2001 and February 2007 in English National Health Service (NHS) Trusts were identified from administrative data. Funnel plots of postoperative case mix-adjusted institutional mortality rate against caseload were created for 30, 90, 180 and 365 days. High- or low-mortality unit status of individual Trusts was defined as breaching upper or lower third standard deviation confidence limits on the funnel plot for 90-day mortality.

Results

A total of 171 688 patients from 153 NHS Trusts were included. Some 14 537 (8·5 per cent) died within 30 days of surgery, 19 466 (11·3 per cent) within 90 days, 23 942 (13·9 per cent) within 180 days and 31 782 (18·5 per cent) within 365 days. Eight institutions were identified as high-mortality units, including all four units with high outlying status at 30 days. Twelve units were low-mortality units, of which six were also low outliers at 30 days. Ninety-day mortality correlated strongly with later mortality results (rs = 0·957, P < 0·001 versus 180-day mortality; rs = 0·860, P < 0·001 versus 365-day mortality).

Conclusion

Extending mortality reporting to 90 days identifies a greater number of mortality outliers when compared with the 30-day death rate. Ninety-day mortality is proposed as the preferred indicator of perioperative outcome for local analysis and public reporting.
Altered central pain processing after pancreatic surgery for chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Bouwense S A , Ahmed Ali U , ten Broek R P , Issa Y , van Eijck C H , Wilder-Smith O H , van Goor H
Published: November 2013

Background

Chronic abdominal pain is common in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and may involve altered central pain processing. This study evaluated the relationship between pain processing and pain outcome after pancreatic duct decompression and/or pancreatic resection in patients with CP.

Methods

Patients with CP underwent quantitative sensory testing. Pain processing was measured via electrical pain detection (ePDT) and electrical pain tolerance (ePTT) thresholds in dermatomes C5 and L4. Inhibitory descending pain control mechanisms were assessed using the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) paradigm. Healthy controls and patients with CP were compared, and patients with CP and a poor pain outcome (visual analogue scale (VAS) score greater than 30) were compared with those with a good pain outcome (VAS score 30 or less).

Results

Forty-eight patients with CP had lower ePDT, ePTT and CPM responses compared with values in 15 healthy controls (P < 0·030). The sum of ePDT values was lower in patients with a poor pain outcome than in those with a good outcome (median 7·1 versus 11·2 mA; P = 0·008). There was a correlation with the VAS score and the sum of ePDT values (rs = −0·45, P = 0·016) and ePTT values (rs = −0·46, P = 0·011), and CPM response (rs = −0·43, P = 0·006) in patients with CP.

Conclusion

After pain-relieving pancreatic surgery, patients with CP exhibit altered central pain processing compared with that in healthy controls. Poor pain outcomes are associated with more central sensitization and more pronociceptive descending pain modulation, and this should be considered when managing persistent pain after pain-relieving surgery for CP.

Presented in part to the 7th Alpine Liver and Pancreatic Surgery Meeting, Madonna di Campiglio, Italy, January 2012, and the American Pancreatic Association/International Association of Pancreatology Joint Annual Meeting, Miami, Florida, USA, October–November 2012; published in abstract form as Pancreas 2012; 41: 1350
Communication in the operating theatre
Authors: Weldon S-M , Korkiakangas T , Bezemer J , Kneebone R
Published: November 2013

Background

Communication is extremely important to ensure safe and effective clinical practice. A systematic literature review of observational studies addressing communication in the operating theatre was conducted. The focus was on observational studies alone in order to gain an understanding of actual communication practices, rather than what was reported through recollections and interviews.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature for accessible published and grey literature was performed in July 2012. The following information was extracted: year, country, objectives, methods, study design, sample size, healthcare professional focus and main findings. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. A meta-ethnographic approach was used to categorize further the main findings under key concepts.

Results

Some 1174 citations were retrieved through an electronic database search, reference lists and known literature. Of these, 26 were included for review after application of full-text inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall quality of the studies was rated as average to good, with 77 per cent of the methodological quality assessment criteria being met. Six key concepts were identified: signs of effective communication, signs of communication problems, effects on teamwork, conditions for communication, effects on patient safety and understanding collaborative work.

Conclusion

Communication was shown to affect operating theatre practices in all of the studies reviewed. Further detailed observational research is needed to gain a better understanding of how to improve the working environment and patient safety in theatre.
Neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive functioning in prodromal Huntington disease
Authors: Harrington Deborah L. , Liu Dawei , Smith Megan M. , Mills James A. , Long Jeffrey D. , Aylward Elizabeth H. , Paulsen Jane S. ,   PREDICT‐HD Investigators Coordinators of the Huntington Study Group
Published: November 2013

Introduction

The brain mechanisms of cognitive impairment in prodromal Huntington disease (prHD) are not well understood. Although striatal atrophy correlates with some cognitive abilities, few studies of prHD have investigated whether cortical gray matter morphometry correlates in a regionally specific manner with functioning in different cognitive domains. This knowledge would inform the selection of cognitive measures for clinical trials that would be most sensitive to the target of a treatment intervention.

Method

In this study, random forest analysis was used to identify neuroanatomical correlates of functioning in five cognitive domains including attention and information processing speed, working memory, verbal learning and memory, negative emotion recognition, and temporal processing. Participants included 325 prHD individuals with varying levels of disease progression and 119 gene‐negative controls with a family history of HD. In intermediate analyses, we identified brain regions that showed significant differences between the prHD and the control groups in cortical thickness and striatal volume. Brain morphometry in these regions was then correlated with cognitive functioning in each of the domains in the prHD group using random forest methods. We hypothesized that different regional patterns of brain morphometry would be associated with performances in distinct cognitive domains.

Results

The results showed that performances in different cognitive domains that are vulnerable to decline in prHD were correlated with regionally specific patterns of cortical and striatal morphometry. Putamen and/or caudate volumes were top‐ranked correlates of performance across all cognitive domains, as was cortical thickness in regions related to the processing demands of each domain.

Conclusions

The results underscore the importance of identifying structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) markers of functioning in different cognitive domains, as their relative sensitivity depends on the extent to which processing is called upon by different brain networks. The findings have implications for identifying neuroimaging and cognitive outcome measures for use in clinical trials.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth and Characterization of Centimeter‐Sized Ba2LaFeNb4O15 Crystals from High‐Temperature Solution under a Controlled Atmosphere.
Authors: Josse Michael , et al. et al.
Published: November 2013

Polycrystalline Ba2LaFeNb4O15 is prepared by solid state reaction of BaCO3, La2O3, Fe2O3, and Nb2O5 at 1280 °C for 12 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Lanthanide Containing Borates LnM(BO3)2 (Ln: Y, Ho—Lu; M: Sc, Cr).
Authors: Doi Yoshihiro , Satou Tatsuya , Hinatsu Yukio
Published: November 2013

LnM(BO3)2 (Ln: Y, Ho—Lu; M: Sc, Cr) is prepared by solid state reaction of Ln2O3, M2O3, and H3BO3 (30% excess for volatility loss compensation) in the ratio of 1:1:5.2 (repeated heating to 1100 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Neutron Diffraction Study and Mode Analysis of Compounds of the System La1‐xSrxFeO3‐xFx (x = 1, 0.8, 0.5, 0.2) and an Investigation of Their Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Clemens Oliver , Berry Frank J. , Wright Adrian J. , Knight Kevin S. , Perez‐Mato J. M. , Igartua J. M. , Slater Peter R.
Published: November 2013

La1‐xSrxFeO3‐xFx (x = 1, 0.8, 0.5, 0.2, 0) phases are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of La2O3, SrCO3, and Fe2O3 (1250 °C, 30 h) followed by fluorination with poly(vinylidenefluoride) at 400 °C for 24 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Dy—Mn—Si as a Representative of Family of “Dy—Transition Metal—Si” Systems: Its Isothermal Sections, Empirical r Prod. Type: FTPules and New Rare‐Earth Manganese Silicides.
Authors: Morozkin A. V. , Knotko A. V. , Vapaskurt V. O. , Provino A. , Manfrinetti P. , Yao Jinlei , Yuan Fang , Mozharivskyj Y.
Published: November 2013

A series of samples of the Dy—Mn—Si system is prepared by arc melting of the elements followed by annealing at 870—170 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Monoclinic Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13] O2 Nanoparticles by a Layered‐Template Route for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Qiu Shen , Chen Zhongxue , Pei Feng , Wu Fayuan , Wu Yue , Ai Xinping , Yang Hanxi , Cao Yuliang
Published: November 2013

The nanoparticles of title are synthesized by triconstituent coassembly of surfactant F127, resols, and the nitrates of Li, Mn, Ni, and Co (100 °C, 24 h, followed by calcination at 450 °C for 4 h and at 850 °C for 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Five New Chalcohalides, Ba3GaS4X (X: Cl, Br), Ba3MSe4Cl (M: Ga, In), and Ba7In2Se6F8: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Optical Properties.
Authors: Feng Kai , Yin Wenlong , Lin Zuohong , Yao Jiyong , Wu Yicheng
Published: November 2013

Polycrystalline powders of Ba3GaS4X (X: Cl, Br), Ba3MSe4Cl (M: Ga, In), and Ba7In2Se6F8 are prepared by solid state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of BaS or BaSe, M2O3, and BaX2 (sealed silica tubes, 1173 K, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Flux Synthesis and Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization of a Cobalt Europium Trisilicate.
Authors: Wierzbicka‐Wieczorek Maria , Lenz Christoph , Giester Gerald
Published: November 2013

Light violet crystals of CoEu2Si3O10 are synthesized from MoO3‐based flux mixtures containing Cs2CO3, CoCO3, BaCO3, Eu2O3, SiO2, and MoO3 (Pt crucible, 1080 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of anti‐Vicinal Amino Alcohols: Asymmetric Synthesis of D‐erythro ‐Sphinganine, (+)‐Spisulosine, and D‐ribo‐Phytosphingosine.
Authors: Calder Ewen D. D. , Zaed Ahmed M. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: November 2013

Two protocols for the Overman rearrangement are developed which allow the synthesis of anti‐vicinal amino alcohols [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel N‐, S‐Substituted‐polyhalo‐1,3‐butadienes and Crystal Structure of Dibutadienyl Homopiperazine.
Authors: Deniz Nahide Gulsah , Ibis Cemil
Published: November 2013

The title compounds are synthesized by reactions of polyhalo‐2‐nitrobutadienes (I) and (XIII) with different amino‐ and thiol‐nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Catalyzed Annulation of Enals to 2,4‐Dien‐1‐ones: Efficient Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Diaryl‐4‐styrenyl Cyclopentenes.
Authors: Sinu C. R. , Padmaja D. V. M. , Jini P. , Lakshmi K. C. Seetha , Nair V.
Published: November 2013

A simple NHC‐catalyst promotes the reaction of enals with dienones to give unexpected cyclopentene derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Carbon—Carbon Double‐Bond Formation by Coupling of (Quinolin‐8‐yl)methanone with Arylaldehyde Tosylhydrazone.
Authors: Zhang Yexia , Wang Jingjing , Wang Jianhui
Published: November 2013

Under optimized conditions, the title process affords the corresponding arylvinylated products directly.
ChemInform Abstract: Continuous Flow, Highly Enantioselective Michael Additions Catalyzed by a PS‐Supported Squaramide.
Authors: Kasaplar Pinar , Rodriguez‐Escrich Carles , Paricas Miquel A.
Published: November 2013

The asymmetric addition of naphthoquinone (I) with nitroalkenes is efficiently catalyzed by a polymer‐supported squaramide.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Effective Synthesis of 2‐Azetidinones via Phosphonitrilic Chloride.
Authors: Zarei Maaroof
Published: November 2013

The cycloaddition reaction between imines and carboxylic acids is developed using phosphonitrilic chloride as condensating agent.
ChemInform Abstract: An Aerobic and Very Fast Pd/C‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Free and Aqueous Suzuki Reaction under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Liu Chun , Rao Xiaofeng , Zhang Yixia , Li Xinmin , Qiu Jieshan , Jin Zilin
Published: November 2013

A very simple, green, efficient, and mild protocol for the title reaction is presented with short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Dirhodium Caprolactamate Catalyzed Alkoxyalkylation of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Tusun Xiarepati , Lu Chong‐Dao
Published: November 2013

Dirhodium caprolactamate as catalyst for the tBuOOH promoted reaction of terminal alkynes with cyclic and non‐cyclic alkyl ethers is described to give E/Z mixtures of allyl ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Elimination/Nucleophilic Addition in the Synthesis of Chiral Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Flores MariFe , Garcia‐Garcia Pilar , Garrido Narciso M. , Marcos Isidro S. , Sanz‐Gonzalez Francisca , Diez David
Published: November 2013

Polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines are synthesized in a one‐pot procedure by addition of an organometallic reagent to isoxazolidines obtained by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition between nitrones and vinylsulfones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sulfonated Oxindoles by Potassium Iodide Catalyzed Arylsulfonylation of Activated Alkenes with Sulfonylhydrazides in Water.
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Xu Xiangsheng , Hu Peizhu , Xiao Xuqiong , Zhou Can
Published: November 2013

The reaction works well with differently substituted indoles but only methyl‐ and benzyl protected substrates can be employed.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenium‐Promoted Intramolecular Oxidative Amidation of 2‐(Arylamino)‐acetophenones for the Synthesis of N‐Arylisatins.
Authors: Liu Yong , Chen Hui , Hu Xiong , Zhou Wang , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: November 2013

An efficient alternative for the synthesis of the title compounds is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6H‐Isoindolo[2,1‐α]indol‐6‐ones Through Wittig Reaction and Tandem Reductive Cyclization—Lactamization.
Authors: Kadam Hari K. , Tilve Santosh G.
Published: November 2013

A convenient, efficient, and scalable two‐step method for the synthesis of structurally related isoindoloindolones is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Consecutive Four‐Component Synthesis of 5‐Acylpyrid‐2‐ones Initiated by Copper‐Free Alkynylation.
Authors: Nordmann Jan , Breuer Natascha , Mueller Thomas J. J.
Published: November 2013

The title one‐pot reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions and tolerates a broad scope of substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Convenient Synthesis of Heterocycle‐Fused Indazoles via the N—N Bond Forming Reaction of Nitroarenes Induced by Low‐Valent Titanium Reagent.
Authors: Lin Wei , Hu Ming‐Hua , Feng Xian , Cao Cheng‐Pao , Huang Zhi‐Bin , Shi Da‐Qing
Published: November 2013

Reductive cyclization of nitroaryl substrates using a low valent titanium reagent allows the synthesis of the title compounds (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Chemical Reactivity of 1H‐Benzimidazol‐2‐ylacetonitrile Towards Some 3‐Substituted Chromones: Synthesis of Some Novel Pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles.
Authors: Ibrahim Magdy A.
Published: November 2013

Condensation reactions of substrate (II) with various chromones provides pyridobenzimidazole and chromenopyridine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Pyrazoles Incorporating a Phenothiazine Moiety: Unambiguous Structural Characterization of the Regioselectivity in the 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction Using 2D HMBC NMR Spectroscopy.
Authors: Mekky Ahmed E. M. , Saleh Tamer S. , Al‐Bogami Abdullah S.
Published: November 2013

The microwave assisted 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition between compounds (I) or (V) with enaminone (II) provides non‐isolable dihydropyrazole intermediates which undergo elimination of dimethylamine to produce pyrazole derivatives (III) and (VI) with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Methyl Trifluoropyruvate N‐(Pyrimidin‐2‐yl)imines in Cyclocondensation Reactions with 1,3‐Binucleophilic Reagents.
Authors: Sokolov V. B. , Aksinenko A. Yu. , Epishina T. A. , Goreva T. V.
Published: November 2013

The functionalization of pharmaceutically significant 2‐aminopyrimidines with trifluoromethyl‐containing five‐membered heterocycles by cyclocondensation reactions of N‐(pyrimidin‐2‐yl)imines (I) with 1,3‐N,N‐ and 1,3‐C,N‐binucleophiles is described.
ChemInform Abstract: S—Co(II) Cascade Catalysis: Cyclocondensation of Aromatic Nitriles with Alkamine.
Authors: Ge Haixia , Liu Ping , Li Xiangnan , Sun Wei , Li Jianli , Yang Bingqin , Shi Zhen
Published: November 2013

A catalytic combination of sulfur and Co(II) nitrate allows the direct cyclocondensation of aliphatic aminoalcohols with aromatic nitriles to give oxazines and oxazolines in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditive Access to 2‐Substituted 4H‐Pyrido[1,3]oxazin‐4‐ones via an Intramolecular O‐Arylation.
Authors: Slowinski Franck , Ayad Omar Ben , Ziyaret Ozge , Botuha Candice , Le Falher Leatitia , Aouane Kamel , Thorimbert Serge
Published: November 2013

A two‐step sequence allows the synthesis of novel pyridooxazinones via aroylation of amides and subsequent intramolecular O‐arylation of the resulting imide sodium salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Chalcogen‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 38. Regio‐ and Stereoselective Tandem Addition—Iodocyclization of 2‐Ethynylphenyl Isothiocyanates with N‐ and O‐Nucleophiles Affording 4‐(Iodoalkylidene)benzo[d][1,3]thiazines.
Authors: Sashida Haruki , Kaname Mamoru , Minoura Mao
Published: November 2013

The title reaction of substrates (I) with amines provides the E‐isomers (III) and (V) as sole products whereas substrate (VI) gives the Z‐isomers (VII) and (IX) under the same conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Chemoselective and Practical Alkynylation of Thiols.
Authors: Frei Reto , Waser Jerome
Published: November 2013

A thiol‐alkynylation procedure applies a hypervalent iodine alkyne agent and can be applied to a wide range of aromatic, aliphatic, heteroaromatic thiols as well as to cysteines and peptides.
ChemInform Abstract: Thaixylomolins A—C: Limonoids Featuring Two New Motifs from the Thai Xylocarpus moluccensis.
Authors: Li Jun , Li Min‐Yi , Bruhn Torsten , Katele Felix Zongwe , Xiao Qiang , Pedpradab Patchara , Wu Jun , Bringmann Gerhard
Published: November 2013

Thaixylomolins A (I), B (IIa), and C (IIb) are isolated and their absolute configurations determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of H‐Phosphinic Acids Bearing Natural Amino Acid Residues.
Authors: Yao Qiuli , Yuan Chengye
Published: November 2013

The asymmetric synthesis of phosphorus analogues of α‐amino acids on the basis of the enantioselective addition of phosphinates to N‐tert‐butanesulfinyl imines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Tungsten Oxide in Catalysis and Photocatalysis: Hints from DFT
Authors: Di Valentin Cristiana , Wang Fenggong , Pacchioni Gianfranco
Published: November 2013

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lyngbouilloside and Related Macrolides from Marine Cyanobacteria
Authors: El Marrouni Abdelatif , Kolleth Amandine , Lebeuf Raphael , Gebauer Julian , Prevost Sebastien , Heras Montserrat , Arseniyadis Stellios , Cossy Janine
Published: November 2013

Review: strategies to synthesize these natural products; 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications and Developments of Organic Azides in Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Tanimoto Hiroki , Kakiuchi Kiyomi
Published: November 2013

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Effect Probed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: NMR Approaches to Catalytic Reactions Performed in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Neto Brenno A. D. , Diniz Julia R. , de Oliveira Aline L.
Published: November 2013

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: [Pd(NHC)(PR3)] Complexes: Versatile Tools for Tandem Dehydrogenation—Hydrogenation Processes
Authors: Songis Olivier , Cazin Catherine S. J.
Published: November 2013

Review: 13 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Organic Perfluoro Hypofluorites
Authors: Francesco Venturini , Sansotera Maurizio , Navarrini Walter
Published: November 2013

Review: 198 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Plane‐Dependent Surface Reactivity and Catalytic Property of Oxide Catalysts Studied with Oxide Nanocrystal Model Catalysts
Authors: Huang Weixin
Published: November 2013

Review: 139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Dimensional Nanostructure Ultraviolet Photodetectors
Authors: Peng Lin , Hu Linfeng , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: November 2013

Review: 61 refs.
Epigenetic silencing of CHD5, a novel tumor‐suppressor gene, occurs in early colorectal cancer stages
Authors: Fatemi Mehrnaz , Paul Thomas A. , Brodeur Garrett M. , Shokrani Babak , Brim Hassan , Ashktorab Hassan
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 5 (CHD5) is a family member of chromatin remodeling factors. The epigenetic silencing mechanisms of CHD5 in colorectal cancer have not been well studied.

METHODS

Here we analyzed CHD5 methylation and mRNA expression in vitro and in clinical samples from African American patients. DNA and RNA were isolated from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) colon tissues. DNA was tested for methylation using methylation‐specific polymerase chain reation (PCR) and bisulfite sequencing. RNA was used for mRNA quantification using qRT‐PCR. The RKO cell line was treated with 5‐Aza‐dC and SAHA. RKO cells were also stably transfected with a CHD5‐expressing vector. The transcriptional activity was studied in the 1 kb upstream region of the CHD5 promoter using the dual reporter assay. We performed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays using the RKO cell line.

RESULTS

In most adenoma samples, CHD5 expression was not detected in contrast to normal tissues. In RKO cells, CHD5 silencing was associated with DNA methylation and repressive histone modifications. CHD5 expression was restored after treatment with 5‐Aza‐dC and SAHA. CHD5 reactivation reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The reporter assay indicated that the main regulatory region of the CHD5 promoter is encompassed in the −489 to −823 region with important transcriptional regulatory sites (TCF/LEF, SP1, and AP‐2).

CONCLUSIONS

The CHD5 gene is repressed in all types of adenomas, either epigenetically or by chromosomal deletion. CHD5 activity is regulated by DNA methylation and repressive histone modifications. CHD5 likely acts as a tumor‐suppressor gene in early colorectal carcinogenesis. Cancer 2014;120:172–180. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
A stable approach for coupling multidimensional cardiovascular and pulmonary networks based on a novel pressure‐flow rate or pressure‐only Neumann boundary condition formulation
Authors: Ismail M. , Gravemeier V. , Comerford A. , Wall W.A.
Published: November 2013

In many biomedical flow problems, reversed flows along with standard treatment of Neumann boundary conditions can cause instabilities. We have developed a method that resolves these instabilities in a consistent way while maintaining correct pressure and flow rate values. We also are able to remove the necessary prescription of both pressure and velocities/flow rates to problems where only pressure is known. In addition, the method is extended to coupled 3D/reduced‐D fluid and fluid‐structure interaction models. Numerical examples mainly focus on using Neumann boundary condition in cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, particularly, coupled with 3D‐1D and 3D‐0D models. Inflow pressure, traction, and impedance boundary conditions are first tested on idealized tubes for various Womersley numbers. Both pressure and flow rate are shown to match the analytical solutions for these examples. Our method is then tested on a coupled 1D‐3D‐1D artery example, demonstrating the power and simplicity of extending this method toward fluid‐structure interaction. Finally, the proposed method is investigated for a coupled 3D‐0D patient‐specific full lung model during spontaneous breathing. All coupled 3D/reduced‐D results show a perfect matching of pressure and flow rate between 3D and corresponding reduced‐D boundaries. The methods are straight‐forward to implement in contrast to using Lagrange multipliers as previously proposed in other studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of vilanterol, a novel inhaled long‐acting β‐agonist, in children aged 5–11 years with persistent asthma: A randomized trial
Authors: Oliver Amanda , VanBuren Sandi , Allen Ann , Hamilton Melanie , Tombs Lee , Kempsford Rodger , Qaqundah Paul
Published: November 2013

This multi‐center, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, two‐way crossover study was designed to characterize the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profile of single and once‐daily repeat doses of vilanterol 25 µg in children aged 5–11 years. Twenty‐eight children with persistent asthma received a single inhaled dose of vilanterol 25 µg or placebo via the ELLIPTA™ dry powder inhaler (DPI) on Day 1, followed 7 days later by once‐daily treatment for 7 days. Nine (33%) subjects reported adverse events (AEs) with vilanterol 25 µg and 6 (23%) with placebo. No serious or drug‐related AEs were reported; 3 subjects experienced upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) with vilanterol 25 µg versus none with placebo. Similar pharmacokinetic profiles of vilanterol 25 µg were observed irrespective of age or gender. No clinically relevant changes in heart rate, Fridericia's correction (QTcF), maximum glucose or minimum potassium parameters were observed during treatment with vilanterol 25 µg compared with placebo treatment. Vilanterol was well‐tolerated and no long‐acting ß2‐agonist (LABA)‐mediated AEs were observed. The pharmacokinetic profile of vilanterol 25 µg suggests exposure is similar regardless of age or gender in a pediatric population aged 5–11 years.
An Open Trial of ‘Grief‐Help’: A Cognitive–Behavioural Treatment for Prolonged Grief in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Spuij Mariken , Dekovic Maja , Boelen Paul A.
Published: November 2013

In the past years, there is growing recognition of a syndrome of disturbed grief referred to as prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Although mostly studied in adults, clinically significant PGD symptoms have also been observed in children and adolescents. To date, no effective treatment for childhood PGD yet exists. We recently developed a nine‐session cognitive–behavioural treatment for childhood PGD combined with five sessions of parental counselling. In the current article, we present outcomes of treatment of 10 consecutive children and adolescents turning to our university clinic with elevated PGD symptoms as their primary problem and main reason to seek therapy. Patients were significantly improved at post‐treatment, with large improvements in self‐rated PGD and post‐traumatic stress (effect sizes > 0.8) and small to moderate improvement in depression and parent‐rated internalizing and externalizing problems (0.2 < effect sizes < 0.8). Additional predictor analysis of outcomes suggested that, among other things, this treatment approach is less efficacious for children and adolescents further removed from loss and those confronted with suicidal loss. That said, the treatment appears promising, and controlled evaluation is clearly indicated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

We developed ‘Grief‐Help’, a nine‐session cognitive–behavioural treatment for childhood prolonged grief combined with five sessions of parental counselling.

Results of the treatment of 10 consecutive children and adolescents are reported in this article.

Patients were significantly improved at post‐treatment, with large improvements in prolonged grief and post‐traumatic stress (effect sizes > 0.8) and small to moderate improvement in depression and internalizing and externalizing problems (0.2 < effect sizes < 0.8).

Predictor analysis, using data from 16 patients, suggested that this treatment is less efficacious for children and adolescents further removed from loss and those confronted with suicidal loss.

This study provides further evidence that ‘Grief‐Help’ is a promising approach to the treatment of childhood prolonged grief.
Preparation and upconversion luminescence characterization of 12CaO·7Al2O3:Ho3+/Yb3+ polycrystals
Authors: Qu Yunfei , Wang Rui , Liu Liang , Sun Jinchao , Xing Lili , Tao Ye , Wu Xiaohong
Published: November 2013

The effect of Yb3+ concentration on the fluorescence of 12CaO·7 Al2O3:Ho3+/Yb3+ polycrystals is investigated. The Raman spectra of pure C12A7 under 633‐nm excitation show that the highest photon energy is 787.267 cm−1, which is not much bigger than general fluorides, so it can realize high efficiency upconversion. The upconversion emission spectra suggest that the green upconversion emission centered at 548 nm and the red upconversion emission at 662 nm correspond to the 5F4/5S2→5I8 and 5F5→5I8 transition of Ho3+ ions, respectively. The intensity of the upconversion luminescence and the ratio of red to green are changed with Yb3+ ion concentration. The pump dependence and luminescence decay dynamics spectra show the green and red upconversion emissions are populated by a two‐photon process, and the upconversion mechanisms are analyzed. The relative luminous efficiencies of green and red emissions are 2.035% and 0.7%, respectively. The normalized efficiency obtained for green emission of Ho3+ at RT when the sample is excited by 980‐nm light with an absorbed intensity of 7.5 W/cm2 is 0.27 cm2/W. This result is comparable to the values obtained in YF3 for the Yb3+, Er3+ green emission. The C12A7 with upconversion red and green light will be a promising luminous material.
Growth and dissolution of equally‐sized insulin crystals
Authors: Tonchev V. D. , Nanev C. N.
Published: November 2013

A protocol for growing sets of nearly uniform size crystals was devised and tested experimentally. The experiments were centered on insulin because of its medical significance however the method is applicable to other substances as well (C.N. Nanev, V.D. Tonchev, F.V. Hodzhaoglu, Protocol for growing insulin crystals of uniform size, J. Cryst. Growth 375 (2013)10–15). Now, both growth and dissolution of equally‐sized crystals are described quantitatively by a common analytical model. In our model the emphasis is put on the dissolution case when crystals number and/or size are sufficiently large to secure reaching solubility, while some non‐dissolved crystalline substance is still remaining. Quantitative results are obtained for the relations between dimensionless values of crystal size, solution concentration and time elapsed, the assumption simplifying our calculations being that the crystals retain their shape during the entire dissolution process.
Changes in the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition with grassland succession: implications for soil C sequestration
Authors: Nianpeng He , Ruomeng Wang , Yang Gao , Jingzhong Dai , Xuefa Wen , Guirui Yu
Published: November 2013

Understanding the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is important for predicting soil carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems under warming scenarios. Whether Q10 varies predictably with ecosystem succession and the ways in which the stoichiometry of input SOM influences Q10 remain largely unknown. We investigate these issues using a grassland succession series from free‐grazing to 31‐year grazing‐exclusion grasslands in Inner Mongolia, and an incubation experiment performed at six temperatures (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C) and with four substrates: control (CK), glucose (GLU), mixed grass leaf (GRA), and Medicago falcata leaf (MED). The results showed that basal soil respiration (20°C) and microbial biomass C (MBC) logarithmically decreased with grassland succession. Q10 decreased logarithmically from 1.43 in free‐grazing grasslands to 1.22 in 31‐year grazing‐exclusion grasslands. Q10 increased significantly with the addition of substrates, and the Q10 levels increased with increase in N:C ratios of substrate. Moreover, accumulated C mineralization was controlled by the N:C ratio of newly input SOM and by incubation temperature. Changes in Q10 with grassland ecosystem succession are controlled by the stoichiometry of newly input SOM, MBC, and SOM quality, and the combined effects of which could partially explain the mechanisms underlying soil C sequestration in the long‐term grazing‐exclusion grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China. The findings highlight the effect of substrate stoichiometry on Q10 which requires further study.
Highly Enantioselective Alkylation of Allyl Acetates Using Tartrate‐Derived Bioxazoline Ligands
Authors: Jayakumar Samydurai , Prakash Muthuraj , Balaraman Kaluvu , Kesavan Venkitasamy
Published: November 2013

Tartrate‐derived bioxazoline ligands, which form a five‐membered chelate ring with metals, were evaluated for use in the asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) reactions of various symmetrical and unsymmetrical allyl acetates. Excellent enantioselectivities were achieved by using both symmetrical and unsymmetrical allyl acetates.