bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programa “Aventura y fantasía”: un diseño metacognitivo de comprensión lectora para alumnos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Deficientes Auditivos en integración
Authors: Barrero Narciso , Reyes Miguel María
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEn este artículo se describe un diseño de orientación metacognitiva para la lectura en primer Ciclo de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. El trabajo está enfocado desde una perspectiva de integración curricular y atención a la diversidad. Se analiza con el mayor detalle posible el estado de la cuestión en la investigación metacognitiva de la lectura aplicada a alumnos normooyentes y con déficit auditivo.ABSTRACTA description of metacognitive design for reading in the first cycle of obligatory secondary education an  be found  in  this  article.  The  work  is  focoussed  on  a  curricular  integrational  perspective  and attention to  diversity. Analizing  in  great  detail  the  question  state  in  the metacognitive  research  of reading applied to normal and deaf children.
Características vocacionales de estudiantes universitarios ciegos y deficientes visuales: una aproximación cualitativa
Authors: Ávila V. , Rocabert E.
Published: July 2020

RESUMENSon bien conocidos los condicionantes vocacionales que influyen en los estudiantes universitarios en función de características como el sexo, nivel socioeconómico o grupo vocacional al que se adscriben. Sin embargo, poco se conoce de las características vocacionales de estos estudiantes cuando están afectados por una discapacidad. La aproximación cualitativa, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, es la vía que permite conocer con detenimiento las necesidades y características de estos estudiantes para establecer un asesoramiento de calidad. Esta metodología nos muestra que dicho asesoramiento debe centrarse, básicamente, en tres campos: el socio-personal, el de autonomía e independencia personal, y el propiamente vocacional a través de servicios ofertados por la institución universitaria, como el llevado a cabo en la Universitat de València; pero sin restringir la actuación a este momento educativo. Este trabajo trata de realizar una primera prospección que sirva de base para establecer servicios especializados en la atención a estudiantes con discapacidad visual.ABSTRACTVocational characteristics related to sex, socioeconomic status or vocational group influencing higher education students´ vocational behaviour are well known. However, the vocational characteristics of students that suffer from some kind of dissability have been less studied. The qualitative apporach with it use of semi-structured interviews is the best way to find out the needs and unique characteristics of these students in order to deliver quality counseling services. Qualitative methodology shows us that vocational and career counseling should be based on three domains: the socio-personal domain, the personal autonomy domain, and the vocational domain. An example of counseling directed to the vocational domain could be the use of University-based counseling services, but should not be restricted to this educational level. This research attempts is a first step to develop specialized counseling services for students with some kind of visual impairment.
La inserción profesional de los licenciados en psicopedagogía de la universidad de Castilla-La Mancha: exploración del perfil del alumnado
Authors: Manzanares Asunción , Ulla Sara , Galván María José
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEl presente trabajo forma parte de un proyecto de mayor envergadura cuyo objetivo principal es la identificación de los factores que pueden facilitar o dificultar la inserción profesional de los Psicopedagogos de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. El trabajo que ahora presentamos tiene como objeto el estudio detallado de las características de la muestra que está siendo y será sujeto de inserción profesional. A la vista de los resultados cabe destacar la modificación general que se está produciendo en la región en lo referido a la fuerza de trabajo, elevándose claramente el grado de cualificación en la generación evaluada con respecto a la anterior. Por otra parte, factores como la carencia de estrategias de desarrollo de la carrera y el bajo conocimiento en estrategias específicas de búsqueda de empleo como psicopedagogos pueden dificultar la inserción. Sin embargo, es destacable la movilidad territorial del alumnado para estudiar, con lo que es esperable que la redistribución en el territorio funcione como factor de potenciación de la inserción profesional de este colectivo.ABSTRACT The present report is enclosed in a larger research project that points toward the identification of the factors that could modify transition from University to work in Psycho-pedagogy of the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. The main aim of this paper is to present a detailed analysis and description of the sample characteristics that will have to insert in the region. According to the results, an important change in the regional work force has occurred. An important increase in the cohort qualification has been observed, compared with the previous age cohort. Factors as the low strategies knowledge to search for an adequate employment can impair the professional insertion. On the other hand, a high regional mobility to go to University has been observed in the sample, so we can expect that graduate-students redistribution will ease professional insertion.
José Zaragozá Antich y la Escuela de Orientación y Aprovechamiento del Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Valencia (1940-1971), posterior Instituto Municipal de Orientación (1971-1981)
Authors: Benavent José A.
Published: July 2020

RESUMENLa historia de la Orientación Psicopedagógica en España está en proceso de elaboración. Este artículo, resultado de una cuidadosa investigación histórica, nos muestra el papel desempeñado por D. José Zaragozá Antich en la creación, desarrollo, organización, consolidación y funcionamiento de la Escuela Especial de Orientación y Aprovechamiento del Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Valencia (1940-1971) y su posterior transformación en Instituto Municipal de Orientación (1971-1981).ABSTRACTThe history of Spanish Educational and Vocational Guidance is now being made. This article, outcome of a careful historical research, sketches the role played by Mr. José Zaragozá Antich in the foundation, evolution, organization, strengthening and work of the "Escuela Especial de Orientación y Aprovechamiento del Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Valencia" and their later conversion into "Instituto Municipal de Orientación" of Valencia (Spain).
XXV aniversario de la Asociación Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía (1979-2004)
Authors: Benavent Oltra José A.
Published: July 2020

RESUMENLa Historia de la Orientación Escolar y Profesional en España está en proceso de elaboración. Este artículo, resultado de una cuidadosa investigación, nos muestra el papel que ha desempeñado la Asociación Española para la Orientación Escolar y Profesional (AEOEP), actual Asociación Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía (AEOP), en el desarrollo y consolidación de la Orientación psicopedagógica en España, desde su creación en 1979 hasta el 2004, año en que se cumple su 25 Aniversario.ABSTRACTThe History of Spanish Educational and Vocational Guidance is currently being written. This article, outcome of a careful historic research, sketches the role played by the Asociación Española para la Orientación Escolar y Profesional (AEOEP), current Asociación Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía (AEOP) in the development and consolidation of the Educational and Vocational Guidance in Spain, from its foundation in 1979 until 2004, year in which we celebrate the 25 Anniversary.
La tutoría como respuesta a las necesidades del alumnado universitario: un estudio en el primer curso de Enfermería de la Universidad de La Laguna
Authors: Árias Hernández Mª M , Álvarez Pérez P. R. , García Andrés Mª C. , Cabrera Figueroa J , Martín del Río Aguiar Mª D. , Robayna Delgado Mª C.
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEl alumnado que accede a los estudios universitarios se enfrenta a una realidad compleja en tanto tiene que hacer frente a múltiples situaciones, por lo que se viene insistiendo en los últimos tiempos en la necesidad de implantar programas de tutorización a través de los cuales se ayude a resolver sus dudas y enfrentar sus problemas relacionados con la nueva etapa en la Universidad. Para estructurar dicha ayuda es preciso partir de un análisis de la realidad, de las necesidades y de las demandas que plantean. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un diagnóstico inicial de necesidades realizado con el alumnado de primero de Enfermería de la Universidad de La Laguna(Tenerife).ABSTRACTUniversity students, mainly in the first years, find themselves having to make decisions about their academic or profesional future from the first moment in which they reach high education. This situation without the adequate aid, makes them feel disoriented and find it difficult to conclude studies in the long term. With this investigation we show a descriptive study of the necessities of orientation that Nursing studients in their first year from the University of La Laguna declare.
Análisis de las necesidades sociales, educativas y de orientación de las cuencas mineras de Asturias
Authors: Pereira González Marisa , Pascual Díez Julián
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEn este artículo se presentan los principales resultados de una investigación que tiene por objeto analizar las necesidades sociales, educativas y de orientación de las cuencas mineras del Principado de Asturias. En primer lugar, se incluye una breve referencia a la metodología del estudio, en el que se elaboró un dossier de prensa, se efectuaron entrevistas a expertos analizadores sociales y se realizaron grupos de discusión con jóvenes y familias de las cuencas mineras. Posteriormente, se exponen las conclusiones sobre los principales problemas y propuestas formuladas en cada área: educación, demografía y empleo; jóvenes; mujeres; personas mayores y personas con discapacidad. Por último, se plantean las propuestas socioeducativas que se sugieren para tratar de responder a las necesidades de estas zonas en crisis.ABSTRACTIn this article we present the main results of the research that we carry out in order to analyze the social, educational and guidance needs of the mining zones from Asturias. First we refer shortly to the methodology of the study in which we elaborated a newspapers dossier, we interviewed many social experts and we organized discussion groups with youth and families of the mining zones. Then we expose the conclusions about the main problems and proposals to resolve them in each area: education,demography and employment, youth, women, aged people and people with disabilities. Finally, we include the social and educational proposals that are suggested in order to respond to the needs of these areas in crisis.
Competencias socioemocionales y alcoholismo en mujeres: revisión y estado actual de la cuestión
Authors: Senra María , Pérez-González Juan Carlos , Manzano Nuria
Published: July 2020

RESUMENLa mayoría de los estudios sobre factores protectores frente al consumo y abuso de alcohol han obviado el papel de las competencias socioemocionales y de la inteligencia emocional. Sin embargo, recientes investigaciones evidencian que estas variables están directamente relacionadas con el logro de niveles óptimos de ajuste psicosocial y de bienestar emocional, e inversamente relacionadas con la propensión a padecer adicciones. En este artículo hacemos una breve revisión sobre las particularidades del alcoholismo en mujeres y avanzamos algunos ejemplos de competencias socioemocionales que pueden actuar como factores protectores (o de riesgo, según se mire) frente al consumo abusivo de alcohol en mujeres. Asimismo, se propone la Orientación Personal Socioemocional como un vehículo idóneo para la promoción de las citadas competencias.ABSTRACTMost of the research studies focused on protection variables against alcohol addiction have omitted the role of emotional intelligence and social-emotional competencies. Nevertheless, recent investigations demonstrate that these variables are related to life adjustment, emotional wellbeing, and are inversely related to the tendency to suffer alcohol addiction. In this paper we make a brief review of the characteristics of female alcoholism and we point out some key social-emotional competencies with protective functions against alcohol addiction in women. Likewise, social-emotional counseling is emphasized as a suitable tool for promoting these competencies.
El Wiki de la Orientación y el Asesoramiento Vocacional
Authors: Sanz Esbrí Jesús , Gil Beltrán José Manuel , Marzal Varó Andrés
Published: July 2020

RESUMENLas redes telemáticas permiten a los orientadores compartir ideas y una gran cantidad de información sobre temas relevantes para su profesión. Por otra parte, la ingente labor que realizan en sus centros de trabajo da lugar a numerosos documentos, materiales o recursos de interés para otros orientadores y profesionales diversos. Estos materiales son infrautilizados por la falta de canales de comunicación e intercambio entre los mismos profesionales. En este sentido, EL WIKI DE LA ORIENTACIÓN Y EL ASESORAMIENTO VOCACIONAL se configura como un entorno colaborativo de hipertexto, accesible a través de Internet, en el que todos los orientadores y asesores vocacionales pueden compartir ideas, encontrar contenidos y recursos útiles para su labor, y en el que, ellos mismos, pueden colaborar activamente, añadiendo y editando los contenidos, actuales y futuros.ABSTRACTTelematic networks allow guidance counsellors to share ideas and large amounts of information on issues relevant to their professions. The enormous amount of work carried out in their workplaces gives rise to many documents, materials or resources of great interest to other guidance counsellors and a range of other professionals. However, because of the lack of communication and exchange channels among professionals, these materials are underused. The Guidance and Vocational Counselling Wiki fills this gap in the form of a collaborative hypertext environment, accessible through the Internet, in which all guidance counsellors and vocational advisers can share ideas, find useful material and resources for their work, and actively participate by adding and editing present and future content.
Barreras en el desarrollo profesional femenino
Authors: Suárez Ortega Magdalena
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEn este trabajo se analizan las barreras percibidas por un grupo de mujeres que quieren incorporarse al empleo desde la formación ocupacional. Los resultados encontrados ponen de manifiesto cómo aspectos personales, académico-formativos, profesionales y contextuales se asocian a estereotipos de género los cuales son sentidos por las protagonistas como factores que obstaculizan su formación e inserción laboral. Conocer estas barreras y comprender su proceso de gestación favorecerá su eliminación de la oferta formativa y orientadora, con la que cuentan actualmente las mujeres que quieren capacitarse profesionalmente.ABSTRACTIn this paper we analyze the barriers perceived by a group of adult women with low qualification, who want to get into the labour market from the occupational vocational training. The results show how personal, academic-formative, professional and contextual aspects, that characterize the life project of women, are associated to gender stereotypes. Women felt these factors like barriers or obstacles to their access to job and to the fullfiment of their professional projects. Being aware of these barriers will help us to improve this training process to remove gender obstacle.
Metode.Bach: método para la toma de decisiones académicas y profesionales en el Bachillerato
Authors: Benavent José A. , Bayarri Francisco , García Julián , Ramírez Luis Ignacio , Vivo Santiago
Published: July 2020

RESUMEN METODE.Bach constituye un método completo y eficaz para la toma de decisiones en el Bachillerato. Se presenta en formato texto (lápiz y papel) y en CD-Rom interactivo. El formato texto está diseñado para aplicarse en dos sesiones de 60 minutos supervisadas por el tutor. Si se aplica de forma interactiva, las sesiones pueden organizarse a criterio del sujeto. El Método ha sido contrastado y validado interna y externamente. Permite una toma de decisiones con garantía de éxito, facilita el intercambio de opiniones en el seno familiar y se convierte en un instrumento motivador de las tareas propias de la orientación y la tutoría. ABSTRACT METODE.Bach is a powerful comprehensive tool for decisions making within Bachillerato (post‐ compulsory secondary school). It appears in printed format (pencil and paper) and in electronic format, as an interactive CD-Rom. The first one has been designed for its use throughout two tutorised 60 minute long sessions. If applied in an interactive way, it allows the student free management of the work sessions The Method has been assessed and validated, both internally and externally. It provides the student with a quality decisions making method, which is very likely to be successful. It also improves personal opinion exchanges within the family and becomes a motivating tool for school guidance.
Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en los procesos de orientación para el estudio a distancia
Authors: Ruiz Carrascosa Juan
Published: July 2020

RESUMEN El artículo que presentamos ofrece una investigación sobre la utilización de las TIC en el desarrollo de un plan de acogida para nuevos estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) y del programa de orientación desarrollado, que ofrecen información y asesoramiento para que los alumnos conozcan la metodología del estudio a distancia, así como los recursos virtuales disponibles para el desarrollo de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en educación superior. Presentamos los resultados de la evaluación de este programa, en el que han participado 140 estudiantes de 12 carreras diferentes y del curso de acceso para mayores de 25 años. ABSTRACT This article reflects the results of a research about the use of ICT for the development of a welcoming plan for entering students in the public Spanish Open University (UNED). Within this plan, a guidance program has been carried out for students to become familiar with distance learning methodology, as well as the virtual resources available for the development of the teaching-learning processes in higher education. Students have used both the computing facilities at the university and their own PCs at home in order to access the university’s website. Attention has been paid to the competencies necessary for distance learning, the orientations for study planning, self-regulated study techniques and exam preparation. The program evaluation results are provided. 140 students from 12 different degrees and from the access course for students over 25 years took part in the study. Two questionnaires were provided to measure the relevance of the virtual platform, the contents developed and the resources and materials used. Both a descriptive analysis and a correlation analysis among the different variables involved have been conducted. Conclusions and suggestions for the improvement of the guidance program are offered.
Selección de tutores académicos en la educación superior usando árboles de decisión
Authors: Urbina Nájera Argelia B. , De la Calleja Jorge
Published: July 2020

RESUMEN  En este documento se presenta un método para mejorar el proceso de tutoría académica en la educación superior. El método incluye a identificación de las habilidades principales de los tutores de forma automática utilizando el algoritmo árboles de decisión, uno de los algoritmos más utilizados en la comunidad de aprendizaje automático para resolver problemas del mundo real con gran precisión. En el estudio, el algoritmo arboles de decisión fue capaz de identificar las habilidades y afinidades entre estudiantes y tutores. Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo utilizando un conjunto de datos de 277 estudiantes y 19 tutores, mismos que fueron seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple y participación voluntaria en el caso de los tutores. Los resultados preliminares muestran que los atributos más importantes para los tutores son la comunicación, la autodirección y las habilidades digitales. Al mismo tiempo, se presenta un proceso de tutoría en el que la asignación del tutor se basa en estos atributos, asumiendo que puede ayudar a fortalecer las habilidades de los estudiantes que demanda la sociedad actual. De la misma forma, el árbol de decisión obtenido se puede utilizar para agrupar a tutores y estudiantes basados en sus habilidades y afinidades personales utilizando otros algoritmos de aprendizaje automático. La aplicación del proceso de tutoría sugerido podría dar la pauta para ver el proceso de tutoría de manera individual sin vincularla a procesos de desempeño académico o deserción escolar.ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present a method for the tutoring process in order to improve academic tutoring in higher education. The method includes identifying the main skills of tutors in an automated manner using decision trees, one of the most used algorithms in the machine learning community for solving several real-world problems with high accuracy. In our study, the decision tree algorithm was able to identify those skills and personal affinities between students and tutors. Experiments were carried out using a data set of 277 students and 19 tutors, which were selected by random sampling and voluntary participation, respectively. Preliminary results show that the most important attributes for tutors are communication, self-direction and digital skills. At the same time, we introduce a tutoring process where the tutor assignment is based on these attributes, assuming that it can help to strengthen the student's skills demanded by today's society. In the same way, the decision tree obtained can be used to create cluster of tutors and clusters of students based on their personal abilities and affinities using other machine learning algorithms. The application of the suggested tutoring process could set the tone to see the tutoring process individually without linking it to processes of academic performance or school dropout.
Genetic variation of the Chilean endemic long-haired mouseAbrothrix longipilis(Rodentia, Supramyomorpha, Cricetidae) in a geographical and environmental context
Authors: Valdez Lourdes , Quiroga-Carmona Marcial , D’Elía Guillermo
Published: July 2020

Quaternary climate and associated vegetational changes affected the fauna of the Chilean Mediterranean ecosystem. Here we studied the genetic variation of the long-haired mouse,Abrothrix longipilis, a sigmodontine rodent endemic to this area. Within an environmentally explicit context, we examined the geographic distribution of the genetic diversity and demographic history of the species based on sequences of the mitochondrial Cytochrome-b gene of 50 individuals from 13 localities and a large panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms of 17 individuals from 6 localities. The gene genealogy ofA. longipilisrevealed three intraspecific lineages that are allopatric and latitudinally segregated (northern, central, and southern lineages) with an estimated crown age for the whole species clade of 552.3 kyr B.P. A principal component analysis based on 336,596 SNP loci is in line with the information given by the the mitochondrial gene genealogy.Along its complete distributional range,A. longipilisshowed patterns of isolation by distance and also isolation by environment. The general pattern of historical demography showed stability for most intraspecific lineages ofA. longipilis.Northern and central lineages showed signals of historical demographic stability, while the southern lineage showed contrasting signals. In agreement with this, the niche models performed showed that in the northern range ofA. longipilis, areas of high suitability for this species increased towards the present time; areas of central range would have remained relatively stable, while southern areas would have experienced more change through time. In summary, our study shows three distinct allopatric lineages ofA. longipilis, each showing slightly different demographic history.
The person’s perception about its condition as a chronic renal patient in hemodialysis
Authors: Santos Giane Lúcia Cunha , Alves Thaís Fávero , Quadros Daniela Cristina Rático de , Giorgi Maria Denise Mesadri , Paula Dagoberto Mior de
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção da pessoa sobre sua condição enquanto doente renal crônico em hemodiálise. Método: Estudo qualitativo do tipo exploratório, realizado por meio de entrevistas em uma associação filantrópica especializada, na região do Vale do Itajaí, estado de Santa Catarina. A análise de dados foi embasada na Análise Temática, que se desdobrou em três etapas interdependentes. Resultados: Foram realizadas 10 entrevistas, sendo que da análise dos dados emergiram duas categorias temáticas intituladas ‘Itinerário nos serviços de saúde’ e ‘O misto de sentimentos’. Conclusão: Observou-se a importância da rede formal de saúde para estes sujeitos, sendo a maioria portador de comorbidades como hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus. Em relação aos sentimentos vivenciados, a negação apareceu de modo recorrente, junto a outros sentimentos de conotação negativa, como medo e ansiedade, sendo fundamental a oferta de apoio e acolhimento por parte dos profissionais da saúde no enfrentamento e tratamento da doença.
Evaluation of hospital permanence time in heart surgery in a university hospital
Authors: Lima Eliane de Fátima Almeida , Reis Morgana Maria Rampe , Crozeta Karla , Casagrande Rita Inês , Leite Franciele Marabotti Costa , Primo Cândida Caniçali
Published: July 2020

Objetivos: verificar a associação entre o tempo de internação hospitalar de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Método: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo a partir da análise de dados secundários de indivíduos que realizaram cirurgias cardíacas em um hospital universitário, na região Sudeste do Brasil. Resultados: Foi identificada mediana de tempo de internação hospitalar maior nos pacientes com idade de 60 anos ou mais, sexo masculino, com comorbidades prévias. Além disso, a internação foi mais prolongada nos indivíduos que apresentaram complicações no pós-operatório como eventos neurológicos, arritmias cardíacas, insuficiência renal aguda, complicações pulmonares e infecção hospitalar. Conclusão: A associação das características e a identificação do perfil de pacientes que em geral permanecem mais tempo no leito poderão ser úteis na elaboração de protocolos e fluxos institucionais.
Robust Self‐Cleaning and Marine Anticorrosion Super‐Hydrophobic Co–Ni/CeO2 Composite Coatings
Authors: Xue Yanpeng , Wang Shuqiang , Xue Yanyan , Cao Lili , Nie Mengyan , Jin Ying
Published: July 2020

Until now, superhydrophobic materials that are scale‐up fabrication and application to harsh environments remain challenging because of their fragile mechanical durability. Because of their unique electronic structure, rare‐earth oxides (REOs) have been proven to be intrinsically hydrophobic. Herein, cerium oxide particles (CeO2) are added to the coating by coelectrodeposition. The Co–Ni/CeO2 composite coating from the electrolyte containing 3.44 g L−1 possesses a flower‐like hierarchical structure, displaying a superhydrophobic behavior after the modification by 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (PFTEOS). More importantly, excellent mechanical durability with critical abrasion distance of 22.5 m is achieved under a 5 kPa fixed normal pressure in the liner abrasion test before the loss of superhydrophobicity. Also, electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the superhydrophobic composite coatings display high corrosion resistance.
Perovskite‐Based Tandem Solar Cells: Get the Most Out of the Sun
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Li Zicheng , Meng Lingyi , Lien Shui‐Yang , Gao Peng
Published: July 2020

Tandem solar cells (TSCs) comprising stacked narrow‐bandgap and wide‐bandgap subcells are regarded as the most promising approach to break the Shockley–Queisser limit of single‐junction solar cells. As the game‐changer in the photovoltaic community, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites became the front‐runner candidate for mating with other efficient photovoltaic technologies in the tandem configuration for higher power conversion efficiency, by virtue of their tunable and complementary bandgaps, excellent photoelectric properties, and solution processability. In this review, a perspective that critically dilates the progress of perovskite material selection and device design for perovskite‐based TSCs, including perovskite/silicon, perovskite/copper indium gallium selenide, perovskite/perovskite, perovskite/CdTe, and perovskite/GaAs are presented. Besides, all‐inorganic perovskite CsPbI3 with high thermal stability is proposed as the top subcell in TSCs due to its suitable bandgap of ≈1.73 eV and rapidly increasing efficiency. To minimize the optical and electrical losses for high‐efficiency TSCs, the optimization of transparent electrodes, recombination layers, and the current‐matching principles are highlighted. Through big data analysis, wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells with high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) are in dire need in further study. In the end, opportunities and challenges to realize the commercialization of TSCs, including long‐term stability, area upscaling, and mitigation of toxicity, are also envisioned.
A Bifunctional Photo‐Assisted Li–O2 Battery Based on a Hierarchical Heterostructured Cathode
Authors: Li Malin , Wang Xiaoxue , Li Fei , Zheng Lijun , Xu Jijing , Yu Jihong
Published: July 2020

Photo‐assisted charging is considered an effective approach to reducing the overpotential in lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries. However, the utilization of photoenergy during the discharge process in a Li–O2 system has been rarely reported, and the functional mechanism of such a process remains unclear. Herein, a novel bifunctional photo‐assisted Li–O2 system is established by employing a hierarchical TiO2–Fe2O3 heterojunction, in which the photo‐generated electrons and holes play key roles in reducing the overpotential in the discharging and charging processes, respectively. Moreover, the morphology of the discharge product (Li2O2) can be modified via the dense surface electrons of the cathode under illumination, resulting in promoted decomposition kinetics of Li2O2 during the charging progress. Accordingly, the output and input energies of the battery can be tuned by illumination, giving an ultralow overpotential of 0.19 V between the charge and discharge plateaus with excellent cyclic stability (retaining a round‐trip efficiency of ≈86% after 100 cycles). The investigation of the bifunctional photo‐assisted process presented here provides significant insight into the mechanism of the photo‐assisted Li–O2 battery and addresses the overpotential bottleneck in this system.
Applications of Nanomaterials in Asymmetric Photocatalysis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Qiu Xueying , Zhang Yin , Zhu Yanfei , Long Chang , Su Lina , Liu Shaoqin , Tang Zhiyong
Published: July 2020

Asymmetric catalysis is one of the most attractive strategies to obtain important enantiomerically pure chemicals with high quality and production. In addition, thanks to the abundant and sustainable advantages of solar energy, photocatalysis possesses great potential in environmentally benign reactions. Undoubtedly, asymmetric photocatalysis meets the strict demand of modern chemistry: environmentally friendly and energy‐sustainable alternatives. Compared with homogeneous asymmetric photocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis has features of easy separation, recovery, and reuse merits, thus being cost‐ and time‐effective. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art progress in asymmetric photocatalysis by heterogeneous nanomaterials is addressed. The discussion comprises two sections based on the type of nanomaterials: typical inorganic semiconductors like TiO2 and quantum dots and emerging porous materials including metal–organic frameworks, porous organic polymers, and organic cages. Finally, the challenges and future developments of heterogeneous asymmetric photocatalysis are proposed.
A Genetic Algorithm Approach to Design Principles for Organic Photovoltaic Materials
Authors: de Sousa Leonardo Evaristo , da Silva Filho Demétrio Antônio , de Silva Piotr , Ribeiro Luciano , de Oliveira Neto Pedro Henrique
Published: July 2020

The increase in the efficiency of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices relies on understanding the underlying science of several interconnected physical mechanisms that prevent the success of 1D optimization strategies. Here, a combination of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of exciton dynamics with a genetic algorithm to automatically optimize the external quantum efficiency of donor–acceptor interfaces under different scenarios is employed. Simulations include phenomena from light absorption to exciton diffusion, dissociation, radiative recombination, and internal conversion, thus modeling the main physical processes that define the overall efficiency of an OPV up to charge separation. It is shown that when internal conversion is kept in check, the combination of optimal transition dipole moments and absorption energies points at low bandgap polymers as the most promising candidates for donor materials. However, when non‐radiative deexcitation mechanisms are stronger, the optimization strategy shifts toward higher bandgaps, focusing rather on increasing the fluorescence quantum yield of the donor. Finally, the approach shows that adjusting the energy levels of the acceptor so that exciton transfers across the interface become negligible produces important gains in efficiency and at the same time reduces the system's dependence on large electronic couplings. The findings indicate pathways for engineering highly efficient organic interfaces.
Comproportionation Reaction Synthesis to Realize High‐Performance Water‐Induced Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Liu Qihan , Zhao Chun , Mitrovic Ivona Z. , Xu Wangying , Yang Li , Zhao Ce Zhou
Published: July 2020

Solution‐processed metal‐oxide thin films have been widely studied in low‐power and flexible electronics. However, the high temperature required to form a condensed and uniform film limits their applications in flexible and low‐cost electronics. Here, a novel and environmental‐friendly comproportionation reaction synthesis (CRS) is presented to obtain amorphous aluminum oxide (AlOx) thin films for solution‐processed thin‐film transistors (TFTs) employing water as the precursor solvent. The thermal decomposition of CRS‐AlOx precursor is completed at ≈300 °C, which is 100 °C lower than that of the conventional water‐induced AlOx. The morphological, optical, compositional, and electrical properties of CRS‐AlOx dielectric films are studied systematically. Meanwhile, TFTs based on water‐induced In2O3 metal oxide semiconductor layers deposited on these dielectrics at low temperatures are formed and characterized. Compared with TFTs based on conventional AlOx showing low mobility and low clockwise hysteresis, In2O3 TFTs based on CRS‐AlOx exhibit improved electrical performance and counterclockwise hysteresis in the transfer curves. Water‐induced TFTs fabricated on CRS‐AlOx formed at a low temperature of 250 °C have average mobility of 98 cm2 V−1 s−1. Through chemical composition characterization and electrical characterization, the high mobilities of TFTs based on CRS‐AlOx dielectrics are correlated to trap states, which resulted in counterclockwise hysteresis in the transfer curves.
Skin Conformal and Antibacterial PPy‐Leather Electrode for ECG Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Kang , Kang Naiwen , Zhang Bo , Xie Ruijie , Zhu Jingyu , Zou Binghua , Liu Yihan , Chen Yuanyuan , Shi Wei , Zhang Weina , Huang Wei , Wu Jiansheng , Huo Fengwei
Published: July 2020

The commonly used electrocardiogram monitoring electrodes (hydrogel electrodes, fabric electrodes, etc.) suffer from fast degradation of signal quality due to water loss. Therefore, such electrodes are not suitable for long‐term monitoring. Herein, the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) is polymerized in situ on goat leather, and the obtained conductive leather is used as a wearable dry electrode to contact human skin and collect electrophysiological signals for daily health monitoring. Because of its own surface structure, the wearable dry leather electrode obtained by a simple method can form a conformal contact with the skin to reduce noise during electrical signal acquisition. In addition, PPy‐leather electrodes have good antibacterial properties and are more breathable and comfortable than the commercial Ag/AgCl gel electrode. Such an electrode is more suitable for long‐term health monitoring.
Academic and Professional Outcomes of Participants in an Emergency Department Research Associate Program
Authors: Liu Michelle , Nobay Flavia , Adler David , Wood Nancy , Abar Beau
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Studies have found that participation in emergency department research associate (EDRA) programs is associated with medical school acceptance. However, little is known about the association between EDRA program participation and other academic and professional outcomes. We sought to characterize the academic and professional outcomes of EDRA program participants and their perception of program influence on academic and professional outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of University of Rochester EDRA program participants who graduated from the program May 2010 to May 2017. EDRAs were sent a secure, deidentified, survey. Standard descriptive statistics were used to characterize participant demographics and outcomes. National acceptance rates were referenced from sources.

Results

A total of 56 graduates completed the survey (64% response rate). Forty (71%) identified as female, 12 (21%) identified as Asian, one (2%) identified as Black or African American, and three (5%) identified as Hispanic or Latino. Acceptance rates to MD programs, DO programs, PhD programs, and master’s programs were 88% (22/25), 92% (12/13), 100% (2/2), and 100% (9/9), respectively. Rates were significantly higher compared to national rates (all p < 0.001). Eighty‐three percent (30/36 responses) and 74% (37/50) spoke about the EDRA program during postgraduate program and job interviews, respectively, and 78% (35/45 responses) included the EDRA program in their personal statements. Twenty‐five percent (14/55) changed their career goals after participating in the EDRA program, of which 36% (5/14) left medicine and 21% (3/14) were undecided and chose to become a physician.

Conclusions

An EDRA program can help develop and support a career in medicine and science. EDRA graduates used their experiences directly in their postgraduate program applications and job interviews. Acceptance rates of EDRA program graduates to postgraduate programs were higher than national averages. An EDRA program can help clarify career goals after program participation.
Electroreduction of CO2 to Formate with Low Overpotential using Cobalt Pyridine Thiolate Complexes
Authors: Dey Subal , Todorova Tanya K. , Fontecave Marc , Mougel Victor
Published: July 2020

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to value‐added products provides a viable alternative to the use of carbon sources derived from fossil fuels. Carrying out these transformations at reasonable energetic costs, for example, with low overpotential, remains a challenge. Molecular catalysts allow fine control of activity and selectivity via tuning of their coordination sphere and ligand set. Herein we investigate a series of cobalt(III) pyridine‐thiolate complexes as electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. The effect of the ligands and proton sources on activity was examined. We identified bipyridine bis(2‐pyridinethiolato) cobalt(III) hexaflurophosphate as a highly selective catalyst for formate production operating at a low overpotential of 110 mV with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 10 s−1. Electrokinetic analysis coupled with density functional theory (DFT) computations established the mechanistic pathway, highlighting the role of metal hydride intermediates. The catalysts deactivate via the formation of stable cobalt carbonyl complexes, but the active species could be regenerated upon oxidation and release of coordinated CO ligands.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Alkylzincs by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Arylative Cyclization of 1,6‐Enynes with Arylzincs
Authors: Chen Jiahua , Hayashi Tamio
Published: July 2020

A chiral diene‐rhodium complex was found to catalyze the reaction of 1,6‐enynes with ArZnCl to give high yields of 2‐(alkylidene)cyclopentylmethylzincs with high enantioselectivity (95–99 %ee). The enantioenriched alkylzincs were readily converted in a one‐pot approach into a wide variety of functionalized products by taking advantage of their unique reactivity. The catalytic cylcle involves arylrhodation of alkyne, intramolecular alkenylrhodation of alkene, and transmetalation of the alkyl‐rhodium intermediate into alkylzinc.
Holistic Prediction of the pKa in Diverse Solvents Based on a Machine‐Learning Approach
Authors: Yang Qi , Li Yao , Yang Jin‐Dong , Liu Yidi , Zhang Long , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: July 2020

While many approaches to predict aqueous pKa values exist, the fast and accurate prediction of non‐aqueous pKa values is still challenging. Based on the iBonD experimental pKa database (39 solvents), a holistic pKa prediction model was established using machine learning. Structural and physical‐organic‐parameter‐based descriptors (SPOC) were introduced to represent the electronic and structural features of the molecules. The models trained with a neural network or the XGBoost algorithm showed the best prediction performance with a low MAE value of 0.87 pKa units. The approach allows a comprehensive mapping of all possible pKa correlations between different solvents and it was validated by predicting the aqueous pKa and micro‐pKa of pharmaceutical molecules and pKa values of organocatalysts in DMSO and MeCN with high accuracy. An online prediction platform was constructed based on the current model, which can provide pKa prediction for different types of X−H acidity in the most commonly used solvents.
Continuous facial myokymia in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Clay Jordan L. , Villamar Mauricio F.
Published: July 2020

Facial myokymia is a clinical sign that can occur as a manifestation of demyelinating lesions. As seen in our patient with multiple sclerosis, acute‐onset continuous facial myokymia can be indicative of an active lesion and can have localizing value.
Structures and Chemical Bonding in Antimony(III) Bromide Complexes with Pyridine
Authors: Prokudina Yana V. , Davydova Elena I. , Virovets Alexander , Stöger Berthold , Peresypkina Eugenia , Pomogaeva Anna V. , Timoshkin Alexey Y.
Published: July 2020

Weakly or “partially” bonded molecules are an important link between the chemical and van der Waals interactions. Molecular structures of six new SbBr3‐Py complexes in the solid state have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. In all complexes all Sb atoms adopt a pseudo‐octahedral coordination geometry which is completed by additional Sb⋅⋅⋅Br contacts shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii, with Br−Sb⋅⋅⋅Br angles close to 180°. To reveal the nature of Sb–Br and Sb–N interactions, the DFT calculations were performed followed by the analysis of the electrostatic potentials, the orbital interactions and the topological analysis. Based on Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis, the Sb–Br interactions range from the covalent bonds to the pnictogen bonds. A simple structural parameter, non‐covalence criterion (NCC) is defined as a ratio of the atom‐atom distance to the linear combination of sums of covalent and van der Waals radii. NCC correlates with E(2) values for Sb−N, Sb−Cl and Sb−Br bonds, and appears to be useful criterion for a preliminary evaluation of the bonding situation.
Growth of ZIF‐8 MOF Films with Tunable Porosity by using Poly (1‐vinylimidazole) Brushes as 3D Primers
Authors: Allegretto Juan A. , Iborra Agustín , Giussi Juan M. , von Bilderling Catalina , Ceolín Marcelo , Moya Sergio , Azzaroni Omar , Rafti Matias
Published: July 2020

This work reports on a novel and versatile approach to control the structure of metal–organic framework (MOFs) films by using polymeric brushes as 3D primers, suitable for triggering heterogeneous MOF nucleation. As a proof‐of‐concept, this work explores the use of poly(1‐vinylimidazole) brushes primer obtained via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) for the synthesis of Zn‐based ZIF‐8 MOF films. By modifying the grafting density of the brushes, smooth porous films were obtained featuring inherently hydrophobic microporosity arising from ZIF‐8 structure, and an additional constructional interparticle mesoporosity, which can be employed for differential adsorption of targeted adsorbates. It was found that the grafting density modulates the constructional porosity of the films obtained; higher grafting densities result in more compact structures, while lower grafting density generates increasingly inhomogeneous films with a higher proportion of interparticle constructional porosity.
A Photochemical/Thermal Switch Based on 4,4′‐Bis(benzimidazolio)stilbene: Synthesis and Supramolecular Properties.
Authors: Kulkarni Shantanu Ganesh , Jelínková Kristýna , Nečas Marek , Prucková Zdeňka , Rouchal Michal , Dastychová Lenka , Kulhánek Petr , Vícha Robert
Published: July 2020

Stilbene derivatives are well‐recognised substructures of molecular switches based on photochemically and/or thermally induced (E)/(Z) isomerisation. We combined a stilbene motif with two benzimidazolium arms to prepare new sorts of supramolecular building blocks and examined their binding properties towards cucurbit[n]urils (n=7, 8) and cyclodextrins (β‐CD, γ‐CD) in water. Based on the 1H NMR data and molecular dynamics simulations, we found that two distinct complexes with different stoichiometry, i. e., guest@β‐CD and guest@β‐CD2, coexist in equilibrium in a water solution of the (Z)‐stilbene‐based guests. We also demonstrated that the bis(benzimidazolio)stilbene guests can be transformed from the (E) into the (Z) form via UV irradiation and back via thermal treatment in DMSO.
Climate dependent heating efficiency in the common lizard
Authors: Rutschmann Alexis , Rozen‐Rechels David , Dupoué Andréaz , Blaimont Pauline , de Villemereuil Pierre , Miles Donald B. , Richard Murielle , Clobert Jean
Published: July 2020

Regulation of body temperature is crucial for optimizing physiological performance in ectotherms but imposes constraints in time and energy. Time and energy spent thermoregulating can be reduced through behavioral (e.g., basking adjustments) or biophysical (e.g., heating rate physiology) means. In a heterogeneous environment, we expect thermoregulation costs to vary according to local, climatic conditions and therefore to drive the evolution of both behavioral and biophysical thermoregulation. To date, there are limited data showing that thermal physiological adjustments have a direct relationship to climatic conditions. In this study, we explored the effect of environmental conditions on heating rates in the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara). We sampled lizards from 10 populations in the Massif Central Mountain range of France and measured whether differences in heating rates of individuals correlated with phenotypic traits (i.e., body condition and dorsal darkness) or abiotic factors (temperature and rainfall). Our results show that heat gain is faster for lizards with a higher body condition, but also for individuals from habitats with higher amount of precipitation. Altogether, they demonstrate that environmentally induced constraints can shape biophysical aspects of thermoregulation.