bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of the alveolar–capillary barrier in vitro based on a photo‐responsive stretchable Janus membrane
Authors: Shao Changmin , Cao Ting , Wang Xiaochen , Fan Qihui , Ye Fangfu
Published: February 2023

The lung is the respiratory organ of the human body, and the alveoli are the most basic functional units of the lung. Herein, a photo‐responsive stretchable Janus membrane was proposed for the reconstruction of the alveolar–capillary barrier in vitro. This Janus membrane was fabricated by photocrosslinking methylacrylamide gelatin (Gelma) hydrogel and N‐isoacrylamide (NIPAM) hydrogel mixed with graphene oxide (GO). The Gelma hydrogel containing large amounts of collagen provides a natural extracellular matrix environment for cell growth, while the temperature‐sensitive NIPAM hydrogel combined with GO gives the membrane a light‐controlled stretching property. Based on this Janus membrane, an open polydimethylsiloxane chip was established to coculture alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells at the air–liquid interface. It was demonstrated that the alveolar epithelial cells cultured on the upper side of the Janus membrane could express epithelial cell marker protein E‐cadherin and secrete alveolar surfactant. In addition, VE‐cadherin, an endothelium‐specific protein located at the junction between endothelial cells, was also detected in vascular endothelial cells cultured on the underside of Janus membrane. The constructed lung tissue model with the dynamically stretchable Janus membrane is well‐suited for COVID‐19 infection studies and drug testing.
Phylogenetic position of Bohemiacinctus gen. nov. (Echinodermata, Cincta) from the Cambrian of Bohemia: implications for macroevolution and the role of taxon sampling in palaeobiological systematics
Authors: Zamora Samuel , Wright David F. , Nohejlová Martina
Published: February 2023

‘Asturicystis’ havliceki Fatka & Kordule from the middle Cambrian of Bohemia (Czech Republic) is re‐described based on its type material. Several features, including the extension of the food grooves and presence of ventral swellings suggest that ‘A.’ havliceki does not belong to Asturicystis, and is placed in the new genus Bohemiacinctus. To ascertain the phylogenetic position of Bohemiacinctus havliceki, we conducted Bayesian fossil tip‐dating and parsimony‐based phylogenetic analyses of 24 species spanning all major groups of cinctan higher taxa. Results show a high degree of congruence between tree topologies recovered by both tip‐dated and parsimony‐based analyses. Both methods indicate B. havliceki is phylogenetically distant from Asturicystis and is most likely to be an early representative of the family Sucocystidae. Overall, our phylogeny is broadly similar to previous estimates of cinctan relationships, including a more conventional phylogenetic position of controversial taxa such as Protocinctus. These results point to the sensitivity of small clades such as cinctans to taxon sampling effects, and highlights the importance of taxonomy and accurate morphological character descriptions in phylogenetic analyses of fossil taxa.
Benefits of cyanoacrylate mesh closure following exploratory laparotomy in horses
Authors: Terschuur Janine Astrid , Coomer Richard P. C. , Handel Ian , Pressanto Maria Chiara , McKane Shaun A.
Published: February 2023

Background

Skin closure of laparotomy incisions using topical 2‐octyl cyanoacrylate (2‐OCA) mesh provides a secure bactericidal barrier in humans, which may reduce the risk of postoperative incisional complications. However, the benefits of using this mesh have not been objectively assessed in horses.

Methods

From 2009 to 2020, three methods of skin closure were used following laparotomy for acute colic, including metallic staples (MS), suture (ST) and cyanoacrylate mesh (DP). The closure method was not randomised. Owners were contacted 3 months or more after the surgery to record any postoperative complications that occurred. For each method of closure, the rates of surgical site infection (SSI) and herniation were recorded, as well as surgical time and treatment costs, including those for incisional complications. Chi‐square testing and logistic regression modelling were used to assess differences between the groups.

Results

A total of 110 horses were recruited (45 in the DP group, 49 in the MS group and 16 in the ST group) The overall rate of SSI was 15.5%, with rates of 8.9%, 18.4% and 25% for the DP, MS and ST groups, respectively (p= 0.23). In addition, incisional hernias developed in 21.8% of cases, with 8.9%, 34.7% and 18.8% of horses in the DP, MS and ST groups, respectively, being affected (p= 0.009). The median total treatment cost did not differ significantly between groups (p= 0.47).

Limitation

This was a retrospective study with non‐randomised choice of closure method.

Conclusions

No significant differences in the rate of SSI or overall cost wwere demonstrated between treatment groups. However, MS was associated with a higher rate of hernia formation than DP or ST. Despite increased capital cost, 2‐OCA proved to be a safe skin closure method in horses and was no more expensive than DP or ST by the time visits to remove sutures/staples and treat infections were factored in.
Business Models for Sustainability
Authors: Knudson Haley
Published: February 2023

The concept of business models for sustainability (BMfS) has attracted research attention in the fields of corporate sustainability, entrepreneurship and management. BMfS are a way of linking sustainable innovation to an organization’s business model, and as a means for management to operationalize sustainable activities and strategies across an organization’s value chain. This chapter provides the history and description of BMfS as both a tool and conceptual logic that divides activities into three components – value proposition, value creation and delivery, and value capture. Practitioner tools are introduced, along with a brief conceptual overview.
CapSEM Applied to the Construction Sector
Authors: Sparrevik Magnus , de Boer Luitzen , Michelsen Ottar , Skaar Christofer
Published: February 2023

The construction sector and built environment have the potential to impact on a variety of systemic dimensions, ranging from specific processes in the production of construction materials to pan-national regulations affecting regional areas and cities. This case study uses the CapSEM Model in order to identify the potential enabling and constraining impact of different methods, schemes and regulations for reducing environmental impact in the construction sector. The use of a systemic perspective highlights that all methodologies are working recursively in actor-networks, thereby affecting society and the market differently, depending on the systemic level.
Environmental Management at Fiskerstrand Verft AS: A 30 Year Journey
Authors: Fiskerstrand Rolf , Fet Annik Magerholm
Published: February 2023

Fiskerstrand Verft is a multipurpose shipyard with extensive expertise and activities in shipbuilding, maintenance, repair and conversion/modification of ships. The yard is exposed to a range of different environmental challenges related to its business which trigged the yard to develop and implement health and safety, and environmental management systems. This chapter gives an overview of environmental management at Fiskerstrand Verft over a 30-year period, written from the perspective of the first author as CEO. The activities from 1991–94 mainly considered Level 1 in the CapSEM Model with annual accounting of materials and wastes, emissions to air and discharges to ocean. The yard participated in various R & D environmental projects and during the period 1994–99 these were extended with activities corresponding to life cycle thinking according to Levels 2 and 3. In 1999, Fiskerstrand Verft was the first Norwegian shipyard that prepared and published an environmental report. The yard was certified as an environmental lighthouse company in 2000, the first in Norway. During the period 2004–2008, the yard further developed their systems and began to transition to Level 4. The life cycle perspective for ships and technology has been at the center of the development of green technologies for ships. This journey continues today, passing the 30 year mark, and has contributed invaluable knowledge about the CapSEM toolbox and how it can be applied to shipyard operations.
Building Decision Support Systems for Sustainable Transitions
Authors: Aspen Dina Margrethe , Hellevik Christina Carrozzo
Published: February 2023

Developing decision support systems for sustainable transitions at the societal level is a complex undertaking due to the high number of stakeholders involved, the urgency of problems that needs to be addressed, and the uncertainty of information linked to decisions. A mismatch between the technological tools offered for decision support and the real needs of practitioners and society at large has been observed. In order to address these challenges, several approaches are explored under the theoretical framework of post-normal science, including co-creative developmental design, soft systems thinking and models for technology integration.
Large U(1) charges from flux breaking in 4D F-theory models
Authors: Li Shing Yan , Taylor Washington
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We study the massless charged spectrum of U(1) gauge fields in F-theory that arise from flux breaking of a nonabelian group. The U(1) charges that arise in this way can be very large. In particular, using vertical flux breaking, we construct an explicit 4D F-theory model with a U(1) decoupled from other gauge sectors, in which the massless/light fields have charges as large as 657. This result greatly exceeds prior results in the literature. We argue heuristically that this result may provide an upper bound on charges for light fields under decoupled U(1) factors in the F-theory landscape. We also show that the charges can be even larger when the U(1) is coupled to other gauge groups.
Line defects as brane boxes in Gaiotto-Maldacena geometries
Authors: Lozano Yolanda , Petri Nicolò , Risco Cristian
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We construct a new family of AdS2× S2× S2 solutions to Type IIA supergravity with 4 supercharges acting with non-Abelian T-duality on the recent class constructed in [1]. We focus on a particular solution in this class asymptoting locally to an AdS5 Gaiotto-Maldacena geometry. This solution allows for a line defect interpretation within the 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFT dual to this geometry, that we study in detail. We show that the defect branes, consisting on a non-trivial intersection of D2-D4-NS5-F1 branes, can be interpreted as baryon vertices within the 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFT, whose backreaction gives rise to the AdS2 solution. We construct the explicit quiver quantum mechanics that flows in the IR to the dual SCQM, and show that it can be embedded within the quiver CFT associated to the AdS5 solution. The quiver quantum mechanics arises from a brane box set-up of D2-branes stretched between perpendicular NS5-branes, that we construct from the AdS2 solution. We provide non-trivial checks of our proposed duality. Our construction provides one further example of the successful applications of non-Abelian T-duality to holography, in this case in providing a very non-trivial connection between AdS2 solutions, line defects and brane boxes.
Higgs boson induced reheating and ultraviolet frozen-in dark matter
Authors: Ahmed Aqeel , Grzadkowski Bohdan , Socha Anna
Published: February 2023

Abstract

A reheating phase in the early universe is an essential part of all inflationary models during which not only the Standard Model (SM) quanta are produced but it can also shed light on the production of dark matter. In this work, we explore a class of reheating models where the reheating is induced by a cubic interaction of the inflaton ϕ to the SM Higgs boson h of the form ghϕMPlϕ|h|2 adopting the α-attractor T-model of inflation. Assuming inflaton as a background field such interaction implies a ϕ-dependent mass term of the Higgs boson and a non-trivial phase-space suppression of the reheating efficiency. As a consequence, the reheating is prolonged and the maximal temperature of the SM thermal bath is reduced. In particular, due to oscillations of the inflaton field the ϕ-dependent Higgs boson mass results in periodic transitions between phases of broken and unbroken electroweak gauge symmetry. The consequences of these rapid phase transitions have been studied in detail. A purely gravitational reheating mechanism in the presence of the inflaton background, i.e., for ghϕ = 0, has also been investigated. It turned out that even though it may account for the total production of SM radiation in the absence of ghϕ, its contribution to the reheating is subdominant for the range of ghϕ considered in this work. Approximate analytical solutions of Boltzmann equations for energy densities of the inflaton and SM radiation have been obtained. As a dark matter candidate a massive Abelian vector boson, Xμ, has been considered. Various production mechanisms of Xμ have been discussed including (i) purely gravitational production from the inflaton background, (ii) gravitational freeze-in from the SM quanta, (iii) inflaton decay through a dim-5 effective operator, and (iv) Higgs portal freeze-in and Higgs decay through a dim-6 effective operator. Parameters that properly describe the observed relic abundance have been determined.
Unifying the 6D $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (1, 1) string landscape
Authors: Fraiman Bernardo , De Freitas Héctor Parra
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We propose an organizing principle for string theory moduli spaces in six dimensions with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 1), based on a rank reduction map, into which all known constructions fit. In the case of cyclic orbifolds, which are the main focus of the paper, we make an explicit connection with meromorphic 2D (s)CFTs with c = 24 (c = 12) and show how these encode every possible gauge symmetry enhancement in their associated 6D theories. These results generalize naturally to non-cyclic orbifolds, into which the only known string construction (to our awareness) also fits. This framework suggests the existence of a total of 47 moduli spaces: the Narain moduli space, 23 of cyclic orbifold type and 23 of non-cyclic type. Of these only 17 have known string constructions. Among the 30 new moduli spaces, 15 correspond to pure supergravity, for a total of 16 such spaces. A full classification of nonabelian gauge symmetries is given, and as a byproduct we complete the one for seven dimensions, in which only those of theories with heterotic descriptions were known exhaustively.
A Comprehensive Study on the Anti-cancer Effects of Quercetin and Its Epigenetic Modifications in Arresting Progression of Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation
Authors: Bhatiya Meenu , Pathak Surajit , Jothimani Ganesan , Duttaroy Asim K. , Banerjee Antara
Published: February 2023

Colon cancer etiology involves a wide spectrum of genetic and epigenetic alterations, finding it challenging to find effective therapeutic strategies. Quercetin exhibits potent anti-proliferative/apoptotic properties. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the anti-cancer and anti-aging effect of quercetin in colon cancer cell lines. The anti-proliferative effect of quercetin was assessed in vitro by CCK-8 in normal and colon cancer cell lines. To check the anti-aging potential of quercetin, collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity assays were performed. The epigenetic and DNA damage assays were performed using the human NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin-6, proteasome 20S, Klotho, Cytochrome-C, and telomerase ELISA kits. Furthermore, the aging-associated miRNA expression profiling was performed on colon cancer cells. The treatment with quercetin inhibited cell proliferation of colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Quercetin arrested colon cancer cell growth by modulating expression of aging proteins including Sirtuin-6 and Klotho and also by inhibiting telomerase activity to restrict the telomere length which is evident from qPCR analysis. Quercetin also exhibited DNA damage protection by reducing proteasome 20S levels. The miRNA expression profiling results displayed differential expression of miRNA in colon cancer cell, and in addition, the highly upregulated miRNA was involved in the regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, and transcription. Our data suggest that quercetin treatment inhibited cell proliferation in colon cancer cells through regulating the anti-aging protein expression and provides better understanding for quercetin’s potential use in colon cancer treatment.
A method for optimization against cure-induced distortion in composite parts
Authors: Cameron Christopher , Hozić Dženan , Stig Fredrik , van der Veen Sjoerd
Published: February 2023

This paper describes a novel method developed for the optimization of composite components against distortion caused by cure-induced residual stresses. A novel ply stack alteration algorithm is described, which is coupled to a parametrized CAD/FE model used for optimization. Elastic strain energy in 1D spring elements, used to constrain the structure during analysis, serves as an objective function incorporating aspects of global/local part stiffness in predicted distortion. Design variables such as the number and stacking sequence of plies, and geometric parameters of the part are used. The optimization problem is solved using commercial software combined with Python scripts. The method is exemplified with a case study of a stiffened panel subjected to buckling loads. Results are presented, and the effectiveness of the method to reduce the effects of cure-induced distortion is discussed.
NiFe-based Prussian blue analogue nanopolygons hybridized with functionalized glyoxal polymer as a voltammetric platform for the determination of amisulpride in biological samples
Authors: El-Zahry Marwa R. , Ali Marwa F. B.
Published: February 2023

A novel voltammetric platform based on pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modification has been proposed, containing bimetallic (NiFe) Prussian blue analogue nanopolygons decorated with electro-polymerized glyoxal polymer nanocomposites (p-DPG NCs@NiFe PBA Ns/PGE). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were utilized to investigate the electrochemical performance of the proposed sensor. The analytical response of p-DPG NCs@NiFe PBA Ns/PGE was evaluated through the quantity of amisulpride (AMS), one of the most common antipsychotic drugs. Under the optimized experimental and instrumental conditions, the method showed linearity over the range from 0.5 to 15 × 10−8 mol L−1 with a good correlation coefficient (R = 0.9995) and a low detection limit (LOD) reached, 1.5 nmol L−1, with excellent relative standard deviation for human plasma and urine samples. The interference effect of some potentially interfering substances was negligible, and the sensing platform demonstrated an outstanding reproducibility, stability, and reusability. As a first trial, the proposed electrode aimed to shed light on the AMS oxidation mechanism, where the oxidation mechanism was monitored and elucidated using the FTIR technique. It was also found that the prepared p-DPG NCs@NiFe PBA Ns/PGE platform had promising applications for the simultaneous determination of AMS in the presence of some co-administered COVID-19 drugs, which could be attributed to the large active surface area, and high conductivity of bimetallic nanopolygons.

Graphical Abstract
Experimental investigation of particle–droplet–substrate interaction
Authors: Janssen Nils , Fetzer Jana R. , Grewing Jannis , Burgmann Sebastian , Janoske Uwe
Published: February 2023

The impact of droplets on non-fixed spherical particles placed on a plane polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrate is investigated. This interaction is a highly abstracted level of a high-pressure spray cleaning process. Water droplets in a diameter range between 0.68 and $$1.66\,{\mathrm{mm}}$$

1.66

mm

and spherical particles (PMMA) with a diameter of 1.55 mm are used. The droplet velocity range of $$1.05 \le v_{\mathrm{d}} \le 2.0\,{\mathrm{m/s}}$$

1.05
≤

v
d

≤
2.0

m
/
s

results in a Weber number range of $$13\,\le \,{\mathrm{We}}\,\le \,94$$

13

≤

We

≤

94

. The particle-droplet-substrate interactions are investigated for different Weber numbers, droplet-to-particle diameter ratios and eccentricities. Different droplet impact scenarios are identified: A—Lift-off during initial recoil; B—Lift-off during a later recoil; C—No Lift-off, deposition of the droplet and D—No Lift-off, wetting of the substrate. The behavior of the particle-droplet-substrate interaction is determined depending on Weber number and particle-to-droplet diameter. Additionally, the analysis of the eccentricity in relation to the lift-off behavior shows that the lift-off height and duration increases with the centrality. The investigation of temporal change of the half-spread and contact angle results in a criterion for the point in time at which the lift-off takes place. Finally, a simplified analytical model is provided quantifying the probability of the lift-off of the particle-droplet system after the interaction. Experimental and analytical results are used to create a map of occurring impact regimes in terms of the particle-droplet configuration.
Oncological and functional impact of adjuvant treatments after open partial laryngeal surgery: a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis
Authors: Locatello Luca Giovanni , Jiang Serena , Chen Lixiao , Caini Saverio , Maggiore Giandomenico , Dong Pin , Gallo Oreste
Published: February 2023

Background

The oncological and functional role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) after open partial laryngeal surgery (OPLS) remains debatable.

Methods

A systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Outcomes of patients receiving OPLS with and without PORT for laryngeal cancer were summarized.

Results

In the 10 studies that were included in the meta-analysis, no significant difference emerged in terms of pooled overall survival between OPLS patients who did and who did not receive PORT (− 0.3%, 95% CI − 5.4 to 4.9%,p = 0.922). Only one study showed a significantly higher incidence of complications in the PORT cohort.

Conclusions

PORT may apparently be performed after OPLS in face of adverse postoperative features without an increased risk of toxicities affecting the neolarynx. Because of the limitations in the available literature, the oncological and functional effects of PORT in this setting needs to be prospectively assessed to strengthen the evidence of this treatment strategy for laryngeal cancer.
Circumferential (360°) trabeculotomy for steroid-induced glaucoma in adults
Authors: van Rijn Laurentius J. , Eggink Catharina A. , Janssen Sarah F.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 360° circumferential trabeculotomy (TO) for steroid induced glaucoma (SIG) of short duration.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of surgical results of 46 eyes of 35 patients undergoing microcatheter-assisted TO. All eyes had high intraocular pressure for at most about 3 years due to steroid use. Follow-up was between 2.63 and 47.9 months (mean 23.9, median 25.6).

Results

Intraocular pressure (IOP) before surgery was 30.8 ± 8.3 mm Hg, with 3.8 ± 1.0 pressure-lowering medications. After 1 to 2 years, mean IOP was 11.2 ± 2.6 mm Hg (n = 28); mean number of IOP-lowering medications was 0.9 ± 1.3. At their last follow-up, 45 eyes had an IOP < 21 mm Hg, and 39 eyes had an IOP < 18 mm Hg with or without medication. After 2 years, the estimated probability of having an IOP below 18 mm Hg (with or without medication) was 85 ± 6%, and the estimated probability of not using medication was 56 ± 7%. Steroid response was no longer present in all eyes receiving steroids after surgery. Minor complications consisted of hyphema, transient hypotony, or hypertony. One eye proceeded to receiving a glaucoma drainage implant.

Conclusion

TO is particularly effective in SIG with relative short duration. This concurs with the pathophysiology of the outflow system. This procedure seems particularly suited for eyes for which target pressures in the mid-teens are acceptable, particularly when chronic use of steroids is necessary .
The benefits of regular aerobic exercise training on cerebrovascular function and cognition in older adults
Authors: Bliss Edward S. , Biki Samia M. , Wong Rachel H. X. , Howe Peter R. C. , Mills Dean E.
Published: February 2023

We compared the differences in cerebrovascular and cognitive function between 13 aerobic exercise trained, older adults and 13 age-, height- and sex-matched sedentary, untrained controls. We determined whether other measures accounted for differences in cerebrovascular and cognitive function between these groups and examined the associations between these functions. Participants undertook anthropometric, mood, cardiovascular, exercise performance, strength, cerebrovascular, and cognitive measurements, and a blood collection. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography determined cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) to hypercapnia and cognitive stimuli. The trained group had a higher CVR to hypercapnia (80.3 ± 7.2 vs 35.1 ± 6.7%, P < 0.001), CVR to cognitive stimuli (30.1 ± 2.9 vs 17.8 ± 1.4%, P = 0.001) and total composite cognitive score (117 ± 2 vs 98 ± 4, P < 0.001) than the controls. These parameters no longer remained statistically different between the groups following adjustments for covariates. There were positive correlations between the total composite cognitive score and CVR to hypercapnia (r = 0.474, P = 0.014) and CVR to cognitive stimuli (r = 0.685, P < 0.001). We observed a relationship between cerebrovascular and cognitive function in older adults and an interaction between regular lifelong aerobic exercise training and cardiometabolic factors that may directly influence these functions.
Artificial intelligence–assisted cancer diagnosis improves the efficiency of pathologists in prostatic biopsies
Authors: Eloy Catarina , Marques Ana , Pinto João , Pinheiro Jorge , Campelos Sofia , Curado Mónica , Vale João , Polónia António
Published: February 2023

Paige
Prostate is a clinical-grade artificial intelligence tool designed to assist the pathologist in detecting, grading, and quantifying prostate cancer. In this work, a cohort of 105 prostate core needle biopsies (CNBs) was evaluated through digital pathology. Then, we compared the diagnostic performance of four pathologists diagnosing prostatic CNB unaided and, in a second phase, assisted by Paige Prostate. In phase 1, pathologists had a diagnostic accuracy for prostate cancer of 95.00%, maintaining their performance in phase 2 (93.81%), with an intraobserver concordance rate between phases of 98.81%. In phase 2, pathologists reported atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) less often (about 30% less). Additionally, they requested significantly fewer immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies (about 20% less) and second opinions (about 40% less). The median time required for reading and reporting each slide was about 20% lower in phase 2, in both negative and cancer cases. Lastly, the average total agreement with the software performance was observed in about 70% of the cases, being significantly higher in negative cases (about 90%) than in cancer cases (about 30%). Most of the diagnostic discordances occurred in distinguishing negative cases with ASAP from small foci of well-differentiated (less than 1.5 mm) acinar adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, the synergic usage of Paige Prostate contributes to a significant decrease in IHC studies, second opinion requests, and time for reporting while maintaining highly accurate diagnostic standards.
Digital health tools for pain monitoring in pediatric oncology: a scoping review and qualitative assessment of barriers and facilitators of implementation
Authors: Simon J. D. H. P. , Hooijman I. S. , Van Gorp M. , Schepers S. A. , Michiels E. M. C. , Tissing W. J. E. , Grootenhuis M. A.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

We aimed to systematically identify and characterize existing digital health tools for pain monitoring in children with cancer, and to assess common barriers and facilitators of implementation.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and PsycINFO) was carried out to identify published research on mobile apps and wearable devices focusing on acute and/or chronic pain in children (0–18 years) with cancer (all diagnoses) during active treatment. Tools had to at least include a monitoring feature for one or more pain characteristic(s) (e.g., presence, severity, perceived cause interference with daily life). Project leaders of identified tools were invited for an interview on barriers and facilitators.

Results

Of 121 potential publications, 33 met inclusion criteria, describing 14 tools. Two methods of delivery were used: apps (n=13), and a wearable wristband (n=1). Most publications focused on feasibility and acceptability. Results of interviews with project leaders (100% response rate), reveal that most barriers to implementation were identified in the organizational context (47% of barriers), with financial resources and insufficient time available mentioned most often. Most factors that facilitated implementation related to end users (56% of facilitators), with end-user cooperation and end-user satisfaction mentioned most often.

Conclusions

Existing digital tools for pain in children with cancer were mostly apps directed at pain severity monitoring and little is still known about their effectiveness. Paying attention to common barriers and facilitators, especially taking into account realistic funding expectations and involving end users during early stages of new projects, might prevent evidence based interventions from ending up unused.
Effects of reducing excess dental adhesive on bacterial adhesion in the bracket periphery
Authors: Hennig Christoph-Ludwig , Blochberger Bijan , Symmank Judit , Nitzsche Ánn , Nietzsche Sandor , Steiniger Frank , Dederichs Marco , Güllmar André , Reise Markus , Schulze-Späte Ulrike , Sigusch Bernd , Jacobs Collin
Published: February 2023

Objectives

White spot lesions are one of the most common side effects of orthodontic therapy with a multibracket appliance and may indicate a preliminary stage of caries, also known as initial caries. Several approaches may be utilized to prevent these lesions, such as reducing bacterial adhesion in the area surrounding the bracket. This bacterial colonization can be adversely affected by a number of local characteristics. In this context, the effects of excess dental adhesive in the bracket periphery were investigated by comparing a conventional bracket system with the APC flash-free bracket system.

Materials and methods

Both bracket systems were applied to 24 extracted human premolars, and bacterial adhesion with Streptoccocus sobrinus (S. sobrinus) was performed for 24 h, 48 h, 7 d, and 14 d. After incubation, bacterial colonization was examined in specific areas by electron microscopy.

Results

Overall, significantly fewer bacterial colonies were found in the adhesive area around the APC flash-free brackets (n = 507 ± 13 bacteria) than the conventionally bonded bracket systems (n = 850 ± 56 bacteria). This is a significant difference (**p = 0.004). However, APC flash-free brackets tend to create marginal gaps with more bacterial adhesion in this area than conventional bracket systems (n = 265 ± 31 bacteria). This bacterial accumulation in the marginal-gap area is also significant (*p = 0.029).

Conclusion

A smooth adhesive surface with minimal adhesive excess is beneficial for reducing bacterial adhesion but also poses a risk of marginal gap formation with subsequent bacterial colonization, which can potentially trigger carious lesions.

Clinical relevance

To reduce bacterial adhesion, the APC flash-free bracket adhesive system with low adhesive excess might be beneficial.

APC flash-free brackets reduce the bacterial colonization in the bracket environment.

A lower number of bacteria can minimize white spot lesions in the bracket environment.

APC flash-free brackets tend to form marginal gaps between the bracket adhesive and the tooth.
Geographic and hydromorphologic controls on interactions between hyporheic flow and discharging deep groundwater
Authors: Morén Ida , Mojarrad Brian , Riml Joakim , Wörman Anders
Published: February 2023

Hyporheic exchange flow (HEF) at the streambed–water interface (SWI) has been shown to impact the pattern and rate of discharging groundwater flow (GWF) and the consequential transport of heat, solutes and contaminants from the subsurface into streams. However, the control of geographic and hydromorphological catchment characteristics on GWF–HEF interactions is still not fully understood. Here, the spatial variability in flow characteristics in discharge zones was investigated and averaged over three spatial scales in five geographically different catchments in Sweden. Specifically, the deep GWF discharge velocity at the SWI was estimated using steady-state numerical models, accounting for the real multiscale topography and heterogeneous geology, while an analytical model, based on power spectral analysis of the streambed topography and statistical assessments of the stream hydraulics, was used to estimate the HEF. The modeling resulted in large variability in deep GWF and HEF velocities, both within and between catchments, and a regression analysis was performed to explain this observed variability by using a set of independent variables representing catchment topography and geology as well as local stream hydromorphology. Moreover, the HEF velocity was approximately two orders of magnitude larger than the deep GWF velocity in most of the investigated stream reaches, indicating significant potential to accelerate the deep GWF velocity and reduce the discharge areas. The greatest impact occurred in catchments with low average slope and in reaches close to the catchment outlet, where the deep GWF discharge velocity was generally low.
Enhanced Expression of Plasminogen Activators and Inhibitor in the Healing of Tympanic Membrane Perforation in Rats
Authors: Makuszewska Maria , Cieślińska Magdalena , Winnicka Maria M. , Skotnicka Bożena , Niemczyk Kazimierz , Bonda Tomasz
Published: February 2023

The significance of plasminogen activation during the tympanic membrane (TM) healing is known mainly from studies performed on knock-out mice. In the previous study, we reported activation of genes coding proteins of plasminogen activation and inhibition system in rat’s TM perforation healing. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of protein products expressed by these genes and their tissue distribution using Western blotting and immunofluorescent method, respectively, during 10-day observation period after injury. Otomicroscopical and histological evaluation were employed to assess the healing process. The expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) were significantly upregulated in the proliferation phase, with subsequent gradual attenuation during remodeling phase of healing process, when keratinocyte migration was weakening. The expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) also showed the highest levels during the proliferation phase. The increase of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expression was observed during the whole observation period, with the highest activity during the remodeling phase. Immunofluorescence of these proteins was present mainly in migrating epithelium. Our study found that plasminogen activation (uPA, uPAR, tPA) and inhibitory (PAI-1) molecules form a well-structured regulatory system of the epithelial migration that is critical to the healing of TM after its perforation.
Wolf attacks on hunting dogs are negatively related to prey abundance in Finland: an analysis at the wolf territory level
Authors: Kojola Ilpo , Hallikainen Ville , Nivala Vesa , Heikkinen Samuli , Tikkunen Mari , Huhta Esa , Ruha Leena , Pusenius Jyrki
Published: February 2023

Attacks by wolves (Canis lupus) on dogs (C. familiaris) presumably are motivated both by preying and elimination of potential competitors. Regardless of these alternative motivations in wolves, the risk of attacks might be higher when the density of primary prey is low. We examined how many dogs do territorial wolves in Finland kill in relation to the population density of the most abundant ungulates, moose (Alces alces), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Most attacks by wolves on dogs take place in hunting with dogs. The number of wolf-killed dogs was in highly significant negative relationship to the population density of white-tailed deer and to total ungulate biomass per unit area which is largely determined by the density of white-tailed deer. Our results indicate that abundant wild prey would decrease the risk at which wolves attack dogs. On the other side of the coin prevail two hard facts which wildlife managers had to take a notice. White-tailed deer, although a potential mitigator of wolf–human conflict, is an alien species and a partner in > 6000 traffic collisions annually in Finland. One factor that seemed to increase the risk of wolf attacks on dogs is the low ungulate density in regions where moose is the only remarkable ungulate prey. Higher moose densities could decrease the risk of attacks, but on the other hand, higher densities could increase the risk of serious traffic collisions and browsing damages in forests.
Cluster strategy as a public policy option for aquaculture development in Mexico: the case for tilapia
Authors: Hernández-Arzaba Juan Cristóbal , Failler Pierre , Asiain-Hoyos Alberto , Platas-Rosado Diego Esteban , Forse Andy , Drakeford Benjamin M. , Muñoz-Madrid Alba Rocío , Limón-Rivera Rogelio
Published: February 2023

The objective of this paper was to demonstrate that the promotion of aquaculture clusters as a policy option for developing tilapia aquaculture in Mexico, resulting from glocal externalities as competitive advantages to the global market, is necessary to further develop the sector. The farmed tilapia clusters were described using data from the Veracruz Aquaculture Census, 2010. We then utilise three theories. Firstly, we focus on North (1955) and Krugman (1995) and find that Economic geography and localisation verified that conglomeration is a function of natural resources and population zones. Secondly, we investigate the Porter value system. Cluster competitive advantage was identified in water availability and water access, electric supply coverage, product presentation, and the local market. Thirdly, we apply the Altenburg and Meyer-Stamer (1999) model to identify cluster type, which classifies typology based on natural resource access and the inputs and technologies commercial balance. The Veracruz Tilapia cluster diagnostic showed an incipient development with remarked opportunity areas, where efforts should be directed, supported by a cluster strategy. However, Mexico and the Port city of Veracruz should diversify their economy. We conclude that adopting a cluster strategy for aquaculture is necessary in Mexico to both increase global competitiveness and to supply the local market.
Preliminary nonlinear analysis of a scaled masonry building under shaking test for the blind prediction of the SERA AIMS project
Authors: Ramaglia Giancarlo , Lignola Gian Piero , Prota Andrea
Published: February 2023

Experimental tests performed on scaled masonry buildings provide key information to improve the knowledge under seismic actions. Masonry buildings behavior is strongly influenced by their physical and mechanical parameters under dynamic actions. In fact, the actual structural behavior is very complex to predict due to the significant variability of the input parameters and the strong heterogeneity of masonry. Furthermore, the behavior of masonry buildings is often influenced by the interaction with adjacent building units. In this context, the SERA AIMS project aims to improve knowledge on the interaction between adjacent buildings. In order to assess the seismic capacity of masonry structures and their damage evolution, nonlinear models often require a numerical calibration of nonlinear parameters. Simplified Finite Element (FE) models, with some very simple assumptions, can be more suitable for complex problems like as the interaction between adjacent building aggregates. The low initial knowledge level in the SERA AIMS blind competition favored simple assumptions. The availability of simple models allowed to perform consecutive time histories including the cumulative effects of previous signals. In fact, the tested prototype was subjected to many replicas. The masonry structure and the crucial interfaces between the units have been modelled by means of nonlinear elements according to the reduced knowledge level at the blind prediction stage. The main goal was to estimate the key information of a masonry building under seismic action like as: triggering and the type of damage at the most stressed areas and therefore the load threshold at which evident damage is expected. Global FE model provides information on the global behaviour (in plane behaviour), while, according to the failure models typically found in masonry buildings, kinematic analyses have been performed to assess the out of plane (local) behaviour, too. The numerical results obtained by the preliminary analysis have been compared with the experimentally detected damages. The simplified approach, based on limited information without calibration, discussed in this paper, represents a useful support tool to design dynamic tests on full-scale or scaled masonry buildings, but also to assess the vulnerability of real masonry structures.
In vitro effects of gamma-secretase inhibition in HPV-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Varatanovic Sara , Maier Tobias , Al-Gboore Sega , Stoiber Stefan , Kandathil Sam Augustine , Quint Clemens , Brennus Charlotte , Heiduschka Gregor , Kadletz-Wanke Lorenz , Brkic Faris F.
Published: February 2023

Background

New chemotherapy agents are warranted for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), particularly for incidence-rising HPV-positive tumors. Based on the evidence of Notch pathway involvement in cancer promotion and progression, we aimed to gain insights into the in vitro antineoplastic effects of gamma-secretase inhibition in HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC models.

Methods

All in vitro experiments were conducted in two HPV-negative (Cal27 and FaDu) and one HPV-associated HNSCC cell line (SCC154). The influence of the gamma-secretase inhibitor PF03084014 (PF) on proliferation, migration, colony forming, and apoptosis was assessed.

Results

We observed significant anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, anti-clonogenic, and pro-apoptotic effects in all three HNSCC cell lines. Furthermore, synergistic effects with concomitant radiation were observable in the proliferation assay. Interestingly, effects were slightly more potent in the HPV-positive cells.

Conclusion

We provided novel insights into the potential therapeutic relevance of gamma-secretase inhibition in HNSCC cell lines in vitro. Therefore, PF may become a viable treatment option for patients with HNSCC, particularly for patients with HPV-induced malignancy. Indeed, further in vitro and in vivo experiments should be conducted to validate our results and decipher the mechanism behind the observed anti-neoplastic effects.
Policies to Promote Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies
Authors: Golombek Rolf , Greaker Mads , Kverndokk Snorre , Ma Lin
Published: February 2023

Asbstract

We model the value chain of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) by focusing on the decisions taken by actors involved in either capture, transport or storage of CO2. Plants emitting CO2 are located apart. If these invest in carbon capture facilities, the captured CO2 is transported to terminals, which again transport the received amount of CO2 to a storage site. Because of network effects, we may have three equilibria: one with no CCS, one with low investments in CCS, and one with high investments in CCS. In a numerical specification of the model, we find that the market for CCS may be in a state of excess inertia, i.e., even if the social cost of carbon is sufficiently high to justify investment from a social point of view, the market actors may not succeed in coordinating their efforts to reach the equilibrium with high investment. The government should then consider offering economic incentives to investments. In addition to the network effect, several other market imperfections exist, such as market power, economics of scale and the environmental externality from CO2 emissions. We identify policy instruments—in addition to a correctly set carbon tax—that will correct for the remaining market imperfections and bring private investments in line with the first-best levels. Without correction, too many terminals are set up and too few plants invest in capture facilities in our reference market structure.
Mathematical Pluralism and Indispensability
Authors: Jonas Silvia
Published: February 2023

Pluralist mathematical realism, the view that there exists more than one mathematical universe, has become an influential position in the philosophy of mathematics. I argue that, if mathematical pluralism is true (and we have good reason to believe that it is), then mathematical realism cannot (easily) be justified by arguments from the indispensability of mathematics to science. This is because any justificatory chain of inferences from mathematical applications in science to the total body of mathematical theorems can cover at most one mathematical universe. Indispensability arguments may thus lose their central role in the debate about mathematical ontology.
Field Experimental Investigations on the Performance of an Environmentally Friendly Soap-Based Firefighting Agent on Indonesian Peat Fire
Authors: Kanyama Takahide , Fukuda Naomi , Uezu Kazuya , Kawahara Takayoshi
Published: February 2023

Peat fires contribute to global warming and environmental destruction. Once ignited, the fires tend to spread deep, underground and are difficult to extinguish using solely water. Mixtures of soap-based firefighting agents and water are expected to improve suppression efficiency by enhancing the permeability of water, a cooling material. Nevertheless, peat fire suppression is rarely studied. We performed peat fire extinguishing experiments in Palangkaraya, Indonesia to evaluate the efficiency of an environmentally friendly soap-based agent; and we conducted field experiments on 1.5 m × 1.5 m as well as 7 m × 7 m of peatlands. We conducted firefighting activities by applying (1) groundwater as well as (2) a solution of groundwater and 1 vol% of a soap-based firefighting agent. Surface temperatures of peat fires were approximately 160°C and 66°C after initial firefighting activities using solely water and a 1 vol% soap-based solution, respectively. The quantity of water required to extinguish the fires was 7.2 L/m2 using solely water, and decreased to 3.6 L/m2 using the soap-based solution. The soap-based solution exhibited a higher heat removal effect on the peat soil surface and higher permeability into peat soil than solely water, and can therefore be used to quickly extinguish peat fires. 10 months after the experiment, experimental sites sprayed with the soap-based solution demonstrated recovery of vegetation to the same degree as the sites sprayed solely with water. Thus, the soap-based firefighting agent is environmentally friendly, has promising firefighting properties, and is a reasonable tool for mitigating peat fires.