bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Herramientas predictivas en política financiera para empresas rentables
Authors: Díaz Luis Francisco Ramírez , Penagos Carlos Orlando Parra
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo es abordado desde la perspectiva estratégica en finanzas, el objetivo es mostrar el material técnico reciente sobre procedimientos/ prácticas de análisis financieros de predicción y su utilización en la gestión, así como entender en qué momento se da una estructura óptima de capital. Por tal razón se construye un soporte conceptual basado en la teoría del trade-off y el estudio de técnicas y herramientas que conduzcan a medir los resultados que se obtienen en un periodo de gestión. Se concluye que los autores, al hacer uso de la estadística, establecen patrones que caracterizan las organizaciones y que son tratados en el campo de la predicción y la descripción.
Pensamiento económico en América Latina (1950-2010). Antecedentes y perspectivas
Authors: Barón Diego Francisco
Published: August 2021

Esta investigación profundiza sobre los antecedentes y las perspectivas delpensamiento económico en América Latina, entre 1950 y 2010. Se identifican el pensamiento económico, los principales postulados y  contextos históricos de la Comisión Económica para América Latina -CEPAL- y el estructuralismo latinoamericano, fundamentados en los trabajos de Prebisch de 1949, el neoestructuralismo de Fanjzilber, y la teoría de la dependencia de Cardoso y Faletto. Se describe la integración económica en América Latina, sus postulados y fuentes de pensamiento económico, y se plantea que la Unión Suramericana de Naciones y la Alternativa Bolivariana para las Américas -Tratado de Comercio de los Pueblos-, incorporan ideas que transforman el pensamiento económico.
Efectos de la apertura comercial sobre la producción manufacturera en Colombia: una aproximación cuantitativa (1975-2007)
Authors: León José Mauricio Gil , Vergara Andrea Yaelt Lemus
Published: August 2021

En este artículo se analiza el efecto de la apertura comercial sobre la producción manufacturera, y se detecta que este proceso causó un cambio estructural en las exportaciones e importaciones industriales, y creó una diferenciación en el comportamiento de estas, después de la década de los noventa. Por tanto, con el ejercicio econométrico de datos panel fue posible deducir que el impacto sobre la producción manufacturera fue superior después de la apertura comparado con los años anteriores, y esto permitió concluir que dadas las condiciones de desindustrialización ya existentes, la apertura contribuyó a profundizar este descenso, evidenciando una menor producción en los subsectores que generan un alto valor agregado.
Prácticas de gestión humana en pequeñas empresas
Authors: Moreno Diana Cristina Rodríguez
Published: August 2021

La mayor parte del conocimiento existente acerca de las funciones tradicionales de recursos humanos (reclutamiento, selección, formación, evaluación del desempeño y compensación) es para las grandes empresas, y la evidencia sugiere que en las pequeñas empresas las prácticas de recursos humanos son distintas. Este artículo contrasta investigaciones en gestión de recursos humanos en las pequeñas empresas de diferentes países encontrando importantes similitudes.
Mecánica Cuántica en las Representaciones de Coordenadas y Momento a Través Tres Problemas Sencillos
Authors: Bolaños E. J. , Suescún D. , Rasero Causil Diego Alejandro
Published: August 2021

En este trabajo presentamos la solución de la ecuación de Schrödinger estacionaria en la representaciónde coordenadas y de momento para tres problemas sencillos: el potencial lineal, el oscilador armónicoy el potencial tipo delta de Dirac. Verificamos a través del cálculo explícito que las funciones de ondaobtenidas en cada representación están conectadas a través de la transformada de Fourier, mostrando queambas soluciones constituyen dos representaciones complementarias del mismo estado cuántico. Desde unpunto de vista pedagógico esto muestra que ambas soluciones contienen información de igual valor teóricoy constituyen dos representaciones complementarias.
EUROPEOS Y NO EUPOPEOS EN MANIALES ESCOLARES DE GEOGRAFíA UNIVERSAL, COLOMBIA 1970-1990
Authors: Cerón Rengifo Carmen Patricia
Published: August 2021

Los manuales escolares de geografía expresan un discurso ideológico sobre la población,  organizado bajo las operaciones intelectuales del eurocentrismo. Con el objetivo de explorar la representación de la población que se promueve  como saber oficial de las ciencias sociales, se examinó una muestra de manuales escolares de geografía universal, publicados en Colombia entre 1970 y 1990, destinados a los estudiantes de octavo grado de la educación secundaria. Como pauta metodológica, se hizo un seguimiento a la representación positiva del nosotros y negativa de los otros, con herramientas proporcionadas por  Van Dijk (2008). De acuerdo con Quijano (2000, 2003), se concluye que la población de Europa, Asia, África y Oceanía, se clasifica en forma jerarquizada por medio de  la idea de raza, se establece una polarización semántica entre europeos y no europeos (civilizados/primitivos, modernos/tradicionales, desarrollados /subdesarrollado), y se ubica temporalmente a los no europeos, como el pasado de la trayectoría histórica que culmina en Europa.Palabras clave: Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana,enseñanza de la geografía, enseñanza secundaria, población, ciencias sociales.
El USO DE LOS CATECISMO EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA RElIGIÓN CATÓLICA EN EL PERÍODO NEOGRANADINO Y DE lOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DE COLOMBIA. 1831-1886
Authors: Martha Consuelo Riveros Bonilla Jorge Enrique Duarte Acero,
Published: August 2021

Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación sobre el proyecto “La enseñanza de la Religión Católica, en el siglo XIX en la Nueva Granada y de los Estados Unidos  de Colombia”. Se ofrece una reseña, descripción y análisis sobre los principales catecismos, algunos fueron autorizados  por el Presidente  del Estado Soberano (Cundinamarca 1882), otros por el Arzobispo de Santa Fe de Bogotá (Monseñor Manuel José Mosquera 1843) y después de la Constitución Política de 1886, y del Concordato de 1887, el Arzobispo de Santa Fe de Bogotá Monseñor José Telesforo Paúl S.J. (1886) y  Monseñor Bernardo Herrera (1896). El objetivo principal del estudio es señalar la participación directa de los sacerdotes de la Compañía de Jesús (los Jesuitas) en la construcción del proyecto educativo católico del siglo XIX, la dirección del seminario Colegio de San Bartolomé, de colegios, autoría de los principales catecismos, de la evangelización  y en el ejercicio de ser los Arzobispos de Santafé de Bogotá.Palabras clave: Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana, catecismos, textos religiosos, enseñanza religiosa, educación católica.
LA EXPEDICIÓN BOTÁNICA EN lOS TEXTOS ESCOLARES DE COLOMBIA 1974-2008
Authors: Soto Arango Diana
Published: August 2021

Se presenta el análisis de los mensajes que vehiculan los textos escolares, de ciencias sociales, en la educación básica primaria y secundaria, sobre los imaginarios que identifican la historia cultural de la colonia en especial el referente a la expedición Botánica, dentro del movimiento cultural de la Ilustración, y la relación de esta con la Independencia americana. El análisis se enmarca dentro de la legislación de Colombia, de los tres períodos que comprende la investigación. El método se circunscribe dentro de la corriente historiográfica de la historia social de la educación comparada y en concreto en la tendencia de análisis de textos escolares bajo los indicadores de: conceptualización de la ilustración y expedición botánica, relevancia de la expedición en el inicio de la ciencia en Colombia y los vínculos con la independencia, figuras de científicos relevantes, aportación a la identidad nacional, actividades didácticas. En la iconografía se establece la tipología de las figuras de Mutis, colaboradores y de plantas. Los resultados se enmarcan en la poca relevancia en los contenidos y la iconografía de la Expedición Botánica. En la conclusión se estableció que en los períodos de estudio varían los diseños de los textos y los contenidos. Palabras clave: Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana, expedición botánica, independencia, ilustración, Mutis.
TEXTOS Y PEDAGOGíA EN LOS ALBORES DEL SIGlO XX EN COlOMBIA
Authors: Carlos Arturo Londoño Ramos Doris Lilia Torres Cruz,
Published: August 2021

En las tres primeras décadas del siglo XX, los textos escolares se utilizaron para promover proyectos políticos, ideológicos y pedagógicos. Sobre los textos escolares elementales de enseñanza del lenguaje, particularmente, se investigan las disposiciones jurídicas en cuanto tiene que ver con la normatividad educativa, los ideales, los principios, los métodos y las prácticas de enseñanza. Igualmente, se reconoce en los textos escolares las luchas en torno a  las ideologías que propugnan por la manera en que se debe formar a los ciudadanos y en las orientaciones para construir un tipo de Nación.Palabras claves: Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana, textos escolares, escuela elemental, política educativa.
LA GENEALOGíA DE LOS REGLAMENTOS ESCOLARES EN MÉXICO: ANÁLISIS DE LA OBRA DE RAFAEL RAMÍREZ
Authors: Valencia Aguirre Ana Cecilia
Published: August 2021

Este trabajo es resultado de un análisis cuya pregunta central es ¿Cuál es la genealogía de los reglamentos en las escuelas de educación primaria en México? el objetivo es analizar la obra de Rafael Ramírez, a través de la literatura formativa de los profesores, considerada un elemento fundacional de los mandatos institucionales de la escuela primaria, ya que genera un discurso que instituye la normatividad en la escuela básica mexicana. El método utilizado es el análisis crítico del discurso de Van Dijk, los actos de habla de Searle y la perspectiva de las metáforas de la vida cotidiana de Lakoff. La hipótesis que orienta la indagación plantea que los primeros pasos de la institucionalización del control escolar estuvieron atravesados por el discurso cristiano-católico expresado en diversos interdiscursos de la época y fundamentalmente en los reglamentos escolares que comenzaron a aparecer como parte de la literatura formativa de los profesores de escuelas primarias. Dicho análisis permite concluir que esta literatura refleja gran parte del imaginario de los profesores de escuelas públicas, ya que expresa un nacionalismo  basado en el imaginario de la familia nuclear cristiana, elemento clave que configuró una de las imágenes más vivas en la conformación del estado mexicano posrevolucionario.Palabras clave: Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana, reglamento, discurso, poder pastoral, familia cristiana, nacionalismo.
Documentos
Authors: Rhela Revista
Published: August 2021

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PENGARUH DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, SALES GROWTH TERHADAP DEBT RETURN ON ASSET DAMPAKNYA PADA DIVIDEN PAY OUT RATIO
Authors: Edisan TC. J. Adriandra , Edison Acep
Published: August 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Debt To Equity Ratio (DPR) dan Sales Growth (SG) terhadap Return On Asset (ROA) serta dampaknya pada Dividen Pay Ratio (DPR). Jenis penelitian eksplanatori. Populasi penelitian 131 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Teknik Pengambilan sampel menggunakan puposive sampling dengan kriteria sampel adalah yang membagikan dividen berturut-turut selama observasi dan memiliki return on asset  positif. Unit analisis laporan keuangan dan metode analisis menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Hasil menunjukkan DER bepengaruh negatif terhadap ROA, SG berpengaruh positif terhadap ROA dan  DER bepengaruh negatif terhadap ROA berdampak negatif DPR serta SG berpengaruh positif terhadap ROA dampak positif pada DPR.

 

This study aims to determine the effect of Debt To Equity Ratio (DPR) and Sales Growth (SG) on Return On Assets (ROA) and their impact on Dividend Pay Ratio (DPR). Type of explanatory research. The research population is 131 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Sampling technique using puposive sampling with sample criteria is that distributes successive dividends during observation and has a positive return on assets. The unit of analysis of financial statements and analytical methods uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that DER has a negative effect on ROA, SG has a positive effect on ROA and DER has a negative effect on ROA, which has a negative impact on the DPR and SG has a positive effect on ROA, a positive impact on the DPR.
Fogyasztói preferenciák vizsgálata a növényi alapú táplálkozással kapcsolatban
Authors: Szakály Márk , Soós Mihály
Published: August 2021

Napjainkra a nem fertőző, krónikus betegségek világszerte az elsőszámú halálokká léptek elő. Ám míg a fejlett, civilizáltabb társadalmakban a probléma visszaszorulóban van, azalatt a civilizációs betegségek a kevésbé fejlett társadalmak felé vették az irányt, elterjedve ezzel az egész világon. A probléma fő forrásai között szerepel a helytelen táplálkozás, a megfelelő étrend összeállításával mérsékelhető a krónikus betegségek terjedése és súlyossága. A cikk keretei között a növényi alapú táplálkozással és annak jellemzőivel foglalkozunk. Célkitűzésünk az volt, hogy a megismerjük elsősorban a magukat vegetáriánusnak vallók, kisebb részt pedig a mindenevő csoportok növényi alapú (vegetáriánus) étrendekkel kapcsolatos motivációit, véleményeit. Fő megállapításaink közé tartozott, hogy a vegetáriánusok elsősorban a testi-lelki egészség miatt követik a növényi alapú étrendet, csaknem kétharmaduk szigorúan be is tartja étrendjét, melynek árszínvonalát nem tartja magasabbnak, mint a mindenevő étrendet. Fontos eredmény volt még, hogy a növényi étrendet követők többsége étrendjét egészségesnek, önmagát pedig egészségtudatosnak vallja. Az eredmények alapján kijelenthető, hogy a növényi étrendet követők nagyon magas arányban elégedettek saját étrendjükkel.

JEL-kódok: I10, I12
Thermodynamic Foundation of Generalized Variational Principle
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: August 2021

One open question remains regarding the theory of the generalized variational principle, that is, why the stress-strain relation still be derived from the generalized variational principle while the Lagrangian multiplier method is applied in vain? This study shows that the generalized variational principle can only be understood and implemented correctly within the framework of thermodynamics. As long as the functional has one of the combination $A(\epsilon_{ij})-\sigma_{ij}\epsilon_{ij}$ or $B(\sigma_{ij})-\sigma_{ij}\epsilon_{ij}$, its corresponding variational principle will produce the stress-strain relation without the need to introduce extra constraints by the Lagrangian multiplier method. It is proved herein that the Hu-Washizu functional $\Pi_{HW}[u_i,\epsilon_{ij},\sigma_{ij}]$ and Hu-Washizu variational principle comprise a real three-field functional.
Experimental Evaluation on the Conductivity of Branch Fracture with Low Sand Laying Concentration and Its Influencing Factors in Shale Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Meng Yong , Wang Zenglin , Zhang Liaoyuan , He Chuan , Wen Ronghua , Zhang Liang
Published: August 2021

The productivity of shale oil reservoirs is mainly determined by the hydraulic fractured reservoir volume. The branch fractures with low sand laying concentration are the main channels connecting the shale matrix and the main fractures. Maintaining the branch fracture conductivity is significant to the production of shale oil. In this study, a series of shale branch fracture conductivity and soaking experiments were conducted using a core flooding device and a small reactor, and the influences of different factors on the fracture conductivity were evaluated. The results show that when the sand laying concentration in fractures is less than 3 kg/m2, the branch fractures present a significant stress sensitivity. Particularly when the sand laying concentration is less than 1 kg/m2, and the closure pressure is greater than 15 MPa, there will be a risk of proppant embedded and fracture closed. The antiswelling agent has an inhibitory effect on the shale swelling. When the concentration of the antiswelling agent in the gel-breaking fluid is 2%, the swelling factor of shale powder is only 1.84%. Comparatively, the 0.5% of the antiswelling agent has a poor effect which can cause the shale rock to crack when the effective stress decreases. It can cause the fracture conductivity to decline by 70-90% when the gel-breaking fluid flows back associated with the shale oil. The probability of core breaking and proppant embedding will increase. The frequent shut-in and rapid open-flow for production can accelerate the damage of fracture conductivity. It is necessary to optimize the fracturing fluid and the open flow scheme to prevent the rapid decline of production in shale oil reservoirs.
Mortality and Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in Adults: A Hospital-Based Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Abebe Abinet , Kumela Kabaye , Belay Maekel , Kebede Bezie , Wobie Yohannes
Published: August 2021

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major global public health problem. It is expensive to manage and associated with a high rate of prolonged hospitalization and in-hospital mortality. Little is known about the burden of acute kidney injury in moderate to low-income countries. We aim to assess predictors of in-hospital mortality among AKI patients admitted to the medical ward.Methods: We prospectively identified patients meeting kidney disease improving global outcomes (KIDGO) AKI definitions from April to August 2019. Patients with underlying CKD and patients hospitalized for less than 48 hours were excluded. The Cox regression model was fitted to identify predictors of mortality and statistical significance was considered at the p-value of less than 0.05.Result: A total of 203 patients were enrolled over five months. Out of this, 121(59.6%) were males, 58(28.6%) were aged greater than 60 years, and 141(69.5%) had community-acquired acute kidney injury. The most common causes of AKI were Hypovolemia 99(48.77%), Glomerulonephritis 51(25.11%), and sepsis 32(15.79%). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 12.8%. Stage3 AKI (AHR=9.61, 95% CI: 1.17-28.52, p=0.035), duration of AKI (AHR =7.04, 95% CI: 1.37-36.08, p=0.019), length of hospital stay (AHR= 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.73 p=0.012), and hyperkalemia (AHR =3.61, 95% CI: 1.12-11.71, p=0.032) were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality.Conclusion: There is a high rate of acute kidney injury-related in-hospital mortality in adult patients admitted to the medical ward. The severity of AKI, hyperkalemia duration of AKI, and a short length of hospital stay were predictors of 30-day in-hospital mortality. Most of the causes of AKI are preventable and patients may benefit from early identification and treatment of these reversible causes.
Volumetric super-resolution imaging by serial ultrasectioning and STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) in neural tissue
Authors: Vatan Tarlan , Minehart Jacqueline A. , Zhang Chenghang , Agarwal Vatsal , Yang Jerry , Speer Colenso M.
Published: August 2021

Here we present a protocol for collecting large-volume, four-color, single-molecule localization imaging data from neural tissue. We have applied this technique to map the location and identities of chemical synapses across whole cells in mouse retinae. Our sample preparation approach improves 3D STORM image quality by reducing tissue scattering, photobleaching, and optical distortions associated with deep imaging. This approach can be extended for use on other tissue types enabling life scientists to perform volumetric super-resolution imaging in diverse biological models. For a detailed application of this protocol, please refer to Sigal et al., 2015.
Is There An Association Between Second Stage of Labor and Urinary Incontinence in Multiparous Women?
Authors: Gross Lotem , Herman Hadas Ganer , Gonen Noa , Rockenshtein Omer , Bar Jacob , Ginath Shimon , Kovo Michal
Published: August 2021

Purpose

It is unclear whether the length of second stage of labor plays a role in the development of urinary incontinence (UI). We aimed to study the association between the cumulative length of the second stage of labor in multiparous women, and urinary incontinence.
Methods

This was a longitudinal cohort study, in women with three vaginal deliveries (VDs), between 2008–2017. UI was assessed using the Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI-6) questionnaire. Women with a cumulative second stage length in three deliveries in the upper 90th percentile, were compared to women with a cumulative second stage length below the 90th percentile. To detect a 15-point difference in the UDI-6 score between the groups, a sample size of 280 women was needed.
Results

Thirty-one women were included in the ≥ 90th length of second stage group, and 275 in the < 90th length of second stage group. Demographic and obstetrical characteristics were similar in both groups. There were no between group differences in mean UDI-6 score − 12.3 ± 17.5 in the ≥ 90th length of second stage group vs. 14.9 ± 18.2 in the < 90th length of second stage group, p = 0.55. No association was found between the cumulative length of second stage of deliveries and UDI score. A linear regression model revealed that maternal BMI was found to be independently associated with UDI-6 score, CC 0.67, 95% CI 0.19–1.15, p = 0.006.
Conclusion

The cumulative length of the second stage in multiparous women is not associated with urinary incontinence.
TaffiX® nasal powder spray forms an effective barrier against infectious new variants of SARS-CoV-2 (Alpha, Beta and Delta)
Authors: Mandelboim Michal , Mendelson Ella , Drori Yaron , Atari Nofar , Lapidot Tair , Megiddo Dalia , Gladnikoff Micha
Published: August 2021

While vaccination efforts against SARS-CoV-2 around the world are ongoing, new highly infectious virus variants continue to evolve. The protection provided by the available vaccines against some of the new variants is weaker. Additional preventive measures will therefore be needed to protect the population until effective vaccinations are widely available. TaffiX® is an anti-viral nasal powder spray comprised of low-pH hypromellose, which forms a protective mechanical barrier that prevents viruses from engaging with nasal cells. The current study aimed to test the protective effect of Taffix against Alpha (B.1.1.7; hCoV-19/Israel/CVL-46879-ngs/2020), Beta, (B.1.351; hCoV-19/Israel/CVL-2557-ngs/2020) and Delta (B.1.617.2; hCoV-19/Israel/VVL-12806/2021), three highly infectious and pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 strains. A nylon filter was treated with Taffix® gel, after which SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta or Delta was seeded. After a 10-min incubation, the downstream side of each filter was washed, and the rinse was collected and placed over Vero-E6 cells. After 5 days of incubation, viral RNA was extracted and subjected to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR analysis. Taffix® fully blocked passage of all three tested SARS-CoV-2 variants, as demonstrated by a 100% reduction of recoverable viral RNA from Vero-E6 cells treated with filter rinse. These results support its use as an effective barrier against new variants of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunction with other protective measures.
miR-98-5p as a Novel Biomarker Suppress Liver Fibrosis by Targeting TGFβ Receptor 1
Authors: Ma Yanhua , yuan xiaoxue , Han Ming , Han Kai , Liang Pu , Liu Shunai , Cheng Jun , Xing Huichun
Published: August 2021

Hepatic fibrosis is the repair reaction of excessive deposition and abnormal distribution of extracellular matrix after various liver injuries, especially chronic HBV infection, which is a key step in the development of various chronic liver diseases to cirrhosis. Recent studies show that microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate a series of liver fibrosis-related gene express and play an important role in the development of liver fibrosis. To detect the miRNAs expression profiling and to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with HBV-related liver fibrosis, the whole blood was collected from the HBV-related liver fibrosis patients (S2/3, n=8) based on Scheuer’s staging criteria. In addition, healthy volunteers(n=7) served as the control group. The expression of plasma miRNAs was detected by IlluminaHiSeq sequencing. Cluster analysis and target genes prediction of differentially expressed miRNAs were performed. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs target genes were performed. Compared with the healthy control group 77 miRNAs were screened out from the liver fibrosis group, among which 51 miRNAs were up-regulated and 26 miRNAs were down-regulated. Pathway annotations for the target genes of the miRNAs identified were found that it participated in many signal pathways including MAPK signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol signal system and so on. According to the bioinformatic analysis, miR-98-5p were selected for function research among the differentially expressed miRNAs.MiR-98-5p prevents liver fibrosis by targeting TGFβR1 and blocking TGF β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. In addition, serum miR-98-5p levels were measured from a total of 70 recruited patients with chronic HBV infection and 29 healthy individuals as controls. We found that serum miR-98-5p level was significantly lower in patients with live fibrosis than in healthy controls and HBV carriers (P<0.05). Those results suggest that miR-98-5p could be a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.
Hypernatremia and Hypophosphatemia in Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis: A Case Report of Acid-base and Electrolyte Misadventure
Authors: Sukesh Hashvina , Zarim Mohd Haniff Abu , Hassan Wan Hasnul Halimi Wan
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is easily recognized in patients with hypokalemia and normal anion gap acidosis. Other concurrent electrolyte abnormalities could change the diagnosis. We describe a newly diagnosed distal RTA complicated with severe hypernatremia and hypophosphatemia while admitted to the intensive care unit. Case report: A 12-year-old girl presented with worsening paralysis. Initial investigations revealed low serum potassium of 1.8mmol/L, pH 7.2mmol/L, bicarbonate 12mmol/L and high urine pH (8.0) suggesting distal RTA. She required mechanical ventilation due to severe metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia. Resuscitation strategies initially focussed on intravenous hydration with 0.9% normal saline and potassium repletion. Delayed correction of acidosis with sodium bicarbonate led to severe hypernatremia (180mmol/L) and slow recovery of serum potassium level. Hypernatremia was also contributed by concurrent nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Interestingly, her serum phosphate was persistently low (0.4mmol/L) leading to more workup to investigate proximal tubulopathy. It persisted till resolution of hypernatremia and acidosis. Meanwhile she developed sepsis with multiple thromboses attributed to disseminated tuberculosis. Screening for connective tissue diseases were negative. She recovered well and was discharged with anti-tuberculosis drugs, anticoagulation and potassium supplements. Conclusion: In conclusion, correction of acidosis in distal RTA should be prioritised to avoid prolonged hypokalemia and significant increase in serum sodium. Hypophosphatemia in a critically ill patient should be interpreted with caution, correlating with serum sodium and arterial blood gas to avoid incorrect diagnoses.
Immune alveolitis in interstitial lung disease: an attractive cytological profile in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Moui Antoine , Dirou Stéphanie , Sagan Christine , Liberge Renan , Defrance Claire , Arrigoni Pierre-Paul , Morla Olivier , Kandel-Aznar Christine , Cellerin Laurent , Cavailles Arnaud , Eschapasse Emmanuel , Morio Florent , Gourraud Pierre-Antoine , Goronflot Thomas , Tissot Adrien , Blanc François-Xavier
Published: August 2021

Background
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a major diagnostic tool in interstitial lung disease (ILD). Its use remains largely quantitative, usually focused on cell differential ratio. However, cellular morphological features provide additional valuable information. The significance of the "immune alveolitis" cytological profile, characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis with activated lymphocytes and macrophages in epithelioid transformation or foamy macrophages desquamating in cohesive clusters with lymphocytes, remains unknown in ILD. Our objective was to describe patients’ characteristics and diagnoses associated with an immune alveolitis profile in undiagnosed ILD.
Methods
We performed a monocentric retrospective observational study. Eligible patients were adults undergoing diagnostic exploration for ILD and whose BAL fluid displayed an immune alveolitis profile. For each patient, we collected clinical, radiological and biological findings as well as the final etiology of ILD.
Results
Between January 2012 and December 2018, 249 patients were included. Mean age was 57 ± 16 years, 140 patients (56%) were men, and 65% of patients were immunocompromised. The main etiological diagnosis was Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) (24%), followed by drug-induced lung disease (DILD) (20%), viral pneumonia (14%) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) (10%). All PCP were diagnosed in immunocompromised patients while HP was found in only 8% of this subgroup. DILD and viral pneumonia were also commonly diagnosed in immunocompromised patients (94% and 80%, respectively).
Conclusion
Our study highlights the additional value of BAL qualitative description in ILD. We suggest incorporating the immune alveolitis profile for the diagnosis and management of ILD, especially in immunocompromised patients, since it guides towards specific diagnoses.
Relationship Between Sunshine Duration and Air Temperature in Poland (1971–2020)
Authors: Matuszko Dorota , Bartoszek Krzysztof , Soroka Jakub
Published: August 2021

The aim of the work is to characterize the trends of sunshine duration (SDU) and air temperature, which may help understand the mechanism of contemporary climate change and explain its causes. The daily totals of SDU and daily data on air temperature from the years 1971–2020, from 25 synoptic stations in Poland are the basic source data. There was a growing trend in both SDU and air temperature. The series of records of the two variables showed that the points of change in the level of stabilization of the value of SDU and air temperature are close to each other, and confirm known in the literature “global dimming” and “global brightening” periods. The linear regression model confirmed that sunshine duration explains well the variability of, and increase in day-time air temperature in Poland in the April-September period. In turn, changes in sunshine duration during winter have no impact on air temperature trends.
Integrated analysis of multimodal bladder cancer data based on CT, Whole Slide Image and Transcriptome
Authors: Wu Peng , Wu Kai , Li Zhe , Liu Hanlin , Yang Kai , Zhou Rong , Zhou Ziyu , Xing Nianzeng , Wu Song
Published: August 2021

In this study, we aim to determine the multimodal data associations between radiological, pathologic, and molecular characteristics in bladder cancer. Furthermore, we tried to find the differential features between high- and low-grade bladder cancer, and improve the prediction accuracy of molecular subtype by multimodal feature fusion.
127 patients with bladder cancer are analyzed in this study. Multimodal associations analysis of CT and pathologic WSI were performed. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to measure the structural relationships between multimodal data. Shannon entropy was calculated to evaluate the heterogeneity of bladder cancer. A convolutional neural network was constructed for molecular subtyping based on multimodal features. Feature contribution in model decision-making was explored by discriminative localization method. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to explore the relevance of multimodal features to the prognosis.
There are extensive associations between CT and WSI features and parts of these features were related to prognosis. 77 densely associated blocks of feature pairs between CT and WSI were identified. The first block were confirmed with relation to tumor grade. Block 2 and 3 reflect the association of plasm and nucleus of cancer cells with CT features, respectively. SEM detected significant relation between pathological features and molecular subtype. High-grade bladder cancer showed heterogeneity of significance across different scales and higher disorder in microscopic level. Entropy level of WSI can be used to predict the prognosis of patients. For the molecular subtype prediction, an AUC of 0.95±0.09 was achieved based on multimodal feature fusion. The fused CT and WSI features achieved a more accurate molecular subtype prediction. At last, 13 prognosis-related features from CT and WSI were identified.
Parents’ Experiences of Investigations and Interventions by Child Healthcare, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child and Youth Habilitation
Authors: Gustafsson Berit M , Levander Märtha Sund
Published: August 2021

Background: ESSENCE (early symptomatic syndromes eliciting neurodevelopmental clinical examinations) is a collective term for all conditions involving early-onset behavioural problems and/or cognitive difficulties. These lead to consultation with a variety of specialists, who often have no close collaboration with each other. Parents experience frustration about the lack of cooperation between care providers, and helplessness and despair over the lack of structure or routines within the care system. The aim of this study was to elicit parents’ experiences of support and interventions from child healthcare, child and adolescent psychiatry and child and youth habilitation.Method: An explorative, qualitative design taking an inductive approach. Data were collected through semi-structured focus group interviews, with 13 parents of children with behavioural and/or ESSENCE problems. Firstly, a conventional analysis of the interviews was performed. Then the revealed categories were interpreted using the bioecological model to illustrate the effects on the child’s interaction with the surrounding context, i.e. micro-, meso-, exo- and macrosystems. Results: The analysis revealed four main categories: confidence, information, competence and collaboration, affecting parents’ experiences of the encounter with child healthcare, child and adolescent psychiatry and child and youth habilitation providers. Consistent across all four themes was the importance of time, i.e. the parents’ experiences of how the process of getting help and support was constantly delayed.Conclusion: While waiting for an investigation of ESSENCE problems, parents experience anxiety, worry, frustration, lack of information, lack of confidence and doubts about their parenting ability, which also affects the child. They experience a lack of competence among care staff when their concerns about their child’s development are not taken seriously, and demand a comprehensive approach regarding investigation and treatment. Collaboration within the exosystem between the various professionals involved is perceived to have great potential for improvement.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered clinical Trials 2021, PLUSS identifier, NCT04815889.
Nutritional Behavior During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effect of Fear and Sleep Quality on Emotional Eating
Authors: Ilktac Havvanur Yoldas , SAVCI Cemile , AKINCI Ayse CIL
Published: August 2021

PurposeEven though it is known that fear and poor sleep quality trigger emotional eating, whether fear of COVID-19 and poor sleep quality have effects on emotional eating during the COVID-19 pandemic is not clear. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of fear of COVID-19, sleep quality and sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, BMI on emotional eating during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.MethodsThe research data were collected via the ‘Participant Information Form’, the ‘Fear of COVID-19 Scale’, the ‘Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index’, and the ‘Emotional Eating Scale’.ResultsFear of COVID-19 Scale score (β: 0.090, p < 0.05) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (β: 0.289, p < 0.001) separately affected the Emotional Eating Scale score in the rate of 0.8% and 8.3%, respectively. Fear of COVID-19 Scale score (β: 0.042, p > 0.05), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (β: 0.246, p < 0.001), age (β: -0.259, p < 0.001), gender (β: -0.169, p < 0.001) and Body Mass Index (β: 0.275, p < 0.001) were affecting Emotional Eating scale score in rate of 18.3%. Fear of COVID-19 alone has a minimal effect on emotional eating, but when combined with variables such as sleep quality, BMI, age and gender, its effect on emotional eating disappears.ConclusionsIn the light of these results, it is recommended to screen all individuals in the society during the pandemic in terms of emotional eating, especially those who are young, female, have a high BMI, low sleep quality, and high fear of COVID-19 and nutrition education should be provided to these people.Level of evidenceLevel V, cross-sectional predictive study.
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strain Lineage in Mixed Tribal Population Across India and Andaman Nicobar Island
Authors: N. Azger Dusthackeer V. , N. Azger Dusthackeer V. , Kumar Ashok , Sucharitha Kannappan Kannappan , Shivakumar S. , Raghavi S , Azhagendran S , Vetrivel S , Rao Vikas Gangadhar , Yadav Rajiv , Paluru Vijayachari , Purthy Anil Jacob , Hussain Tahziba , Kashyap Vivek , Devi K. Rekha , Krishnan Anil Kumar Indira , Anand Praveen , Das Pradeep , Bansal Avi Kumar , Das Madhuchhanda , Kaur Harpreet , Raghunath D. , Mondal Rajesh , Thomas Beena E
Published: August 2021

In India, the tribal population constitutes almost 8.6% of the nation’s total population. This study attempts to provide information pertaining to the TB strain diversity, its public health implications, and distribution among the tribal population in 10 Indian states and Andaman & Nicobar (A&N) Island. Clinical isolates were received from 66 villages (10 states and island). A total of 78 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were received from 10 different states and A&N Island. Among these, 16 different strains were observed. The major M. tuberculosis strains spoligotype belong to the Beijing, CAS1_DELHI, and EAI5 family followed by EAI1_SOM, EAI6_BGD1, LAM3, LAM6, LAM9, T1, T2, U strains. Drug-susceptibility testing (DST) results showed almost 15.4% of clinical isolates found to be resistant to isoniazid (INH) or rifampicin (RMP) + INH. Predominant multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isolates seem to be Beijing strain. Beijing, CAS1_DELHI, EAI3_IND, and EAI5 were the principal strains infecting mixed tribal populations across India. Despite the small sample size, this study has demonstrated higher diversity among the TB strains with significant MDR-TB findings. Prevalence of Beijing MDR-TB strains in Central, Southern, Eastern India and A&N Island indicates the transmission of the TB strains.
Source Attribution of Salmonellosis by Time and Geography in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: McLure Angus , Shadbolt Craig , Desmarchelier Patricia M. , Kirk Martyn D. , Glass Kathryn
Published: August 2021

BackgroundSalmonella is major cause of zoonotic illness around the world, arising from direct or indirect contact with a range of animal reservoirs. In the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW), salmonellosis is believed to be primarily foodborne, but the relative contribution of animal reservoirs is unknown.MethodsThe analysis included 4,543 serotyped isolates from animal reservoirs and 30,073 serotyped isolates from domestically acquired human cases in NSW between January 2008 and August 2019. We used a Bayesian source attribution methodology to estimate the proportion of foodborne Salmonella infections attributable to broiler chickens, layer chickens, ruminants, pigs, and an unknown or unsampled source. Additional analyses included covariates for four time periods and five levels of rurality.ResultsA single serotype, S. Typhimurium, accounted for 65-75% of included cases during 2008-2014 but <50% during 2017-2019. Attribution to layer chickens was highest during 2008-2010 (48.7%, 95%CrI: 24.2-70.3%) but halved by 2017-2019 (23.1%, 95%CrI: 5.7-38.9%) and was lower in the rural and remote populations than in the majority urban population. The proportion of cases attributed to the unsampled source was 11.3% (95%CrI: 1.2%–22.1%) overall, but higher in rural and remote populations. The proportion of cases attributed to pork increased from approximately 20% in 2009-2016 to approximately 40% in 2017-2019 coinciding with a rise in cases due to S. ser 4,5,12:i:-.Conclusion Layer chickens were likely the primary reservoir of domestically acquired Salmonella infections in NSW circa 2010, but attribution to the source declined contemporaneously with increased vaccination of layer flocks and tighter food safety regulations for the handling of eggs.
Mapping of Population Disparities in the Cholangiocarcinoma Urinary Metabolome
Authors: Alsaleh Munirah , Leftley Zoe , Connor Thomas O’ , Hughes Thomas , Barbera Thomas , Koomson Larry , Zabron Abigail , Reeves Helen , Cramp Matthew , Ryder Stephen , Greer Shaun , Prince Martin , Sithithaworn Paiboon , Khuntikeo Narong , Loilome Watcharin , Yongvanit Puangrat , Cox I. Jane , Williams Roger , Wadsworth Christopher , Holmes Elaine , Nash Kathryn , Andrews Ross , Taylor-Robinson Simon
Published: August 2021

Background Phenotypic diversity in urinary metabolomes of different geographical populations has been recognized recently. In this study, urinary metabolic signatures from Western (United Kingdom) and South-East Asian (Thai) cholangiocarcinoma patients were characterized to understand spectral variability due to host carcinogenic processes and/or exogenous differences (nutritional, environmental and pharmaceutical). Methods Urinary liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) spectral profiles from Thai (healthy=20 and cholangiocarcinoma=14) and UK cohorts (healthy=22 and cholangiocarcinoma=10) were obtained and modelled using chemometric data analysis. Results Healthy metabolome disparities between the two distinct populations were primarily related to differences in dietary practices and body composition. Metabolites excreted due to drug treatment were dominant in urine specimens from cholangiocarcinoma patients, particularly in Western individuals. Urine from participants with sporadic (UK) cholangiocarcinoma contained greater levels of a nucleotide metabolite (uridine/pseudouridine). Higher relative concentrations of 7-methylguanine were observed in urine specimens from Thai cholangiocarcinoma patients. The urinary excretion of hippurate and methyladenine (gut microbial-host co-metabolites) showed a similar pattern of lower levels in patients with malignant biliary tumours from both countries. Conclusion Intrinsic (body weight and body composition) and extrinsic (xenobiotic metabolism) factors were the main causes of disparities between the two populations. Regardless of the underlying aetiology, biological perturbations associated with cholangiocarcinoma urine metabolome signatures appeared to be influenced by gut microbial community metabolism. Dysregulation in nucleotide metabolism was associated with sporadic cholangiocarcinoma, possibly indicating differences in mitochondrial energy production pathways between cholangiocarcinoma tumour subtypes. Mapping population-specific metabolic disparities may aid in interpretation of disease processes and identification of candidate biomarkers.
Bibliometric Analysis of Rice And Climate Change Publications Based On Web of Science
Authors: Yuan Bao-Zhong , Sun Jie
Published: August 2021

To clarify the current situation, hotspots, and development trends, in the field of rice and climate change topic research, a massive literature dataset were analysed from the Web of Science database by bibliometric method. The research theme was chosen given the continuous increase of studies related to climatic changes and their consequences to rice. Based on the Web of Science core database, this study analyzed 3377 papers in the field of rice and climate change topic research from 1990 to 2021, which include 67 highly cited papers. Papers were mainly written in English (3,366, 99.674 %), from 12,655 authors, 3,259 organizations and 113 countries/territories, published in 761 journals and seven book series. The top five Journals are Science of the Total Environment (97, 2.872 %), Climatic Change (71, 2.102 %), Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (66, 1.954 %), Global Change Biology (65, 1.925 %) and Sustainability (64, 1.895 %), each published more than 64 papers. Top five countries and regions were Peoples R China, USA, India, Australia and Japan. Top five organizations of Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Agr Univ, Int Rice Res Inst (IRRI), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, and Univ Chinese Acad Sci were popular based on contribution of articles more than 116 papers each. Among the all authors, top five authors were Tao Fulu, Pan Genxing, Zhang Zhao, Hasegawa Toshihiro, Jagadish Krishna S.V., each published more than thirty papers. All keywords were separated seven clusters for different research topic. Visualizations offer exploratory information on the current state in a scientific field or discipline as well as indicate possible developments in the future. The results will help researchers clarify the current situation in rice and climate change adaptation science but also provide guidance for future research. This work is also useful for student identifying graduate schools and researchers selecting journals.
Biomechanical Analysis of Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw Versus Bone Cement Screw For Fixation In Porcine Spinal Low Bone Mass Model
Authors: Li Yifan , Xu Wei , Wang Silian , Chen Liwei , Shi Zhangpeng , Ye Xiaojian , Li Zhikun
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To compare the biomechanics of cortical bone trajectory screw(CBT) and bone cement screw(BC) in isolated porcine spinal low bone mass model.Method: Ten porcine spines with 3 segments were treated with EDTA decalcification. After 8 weeks, all the models met the criteria of low bone mass. Ten specimens were randomly divided into two groups, one group was implanted with CBT screw(CBT group) and the other group was implanted with bone cement screw(BC group).The biomechanical material testing machine was used to compare the porcine spine activities of the two groups in flexion, extension, bending and axial rotation, and then insertional torque, pull-out force and anti-compression force of two groups were compared. Independent-sample t test was used for comparison between groups.Result: Ten 3 segments porcine spine models with low bone mass were established, the bone mineral density of all models was lower than 0.75g/cm2. The flexion, extension, bending and axial rotation angle of CBT group and BC group respectively were 7.1±1.3°,4.3±0.8°,3.4±0.8°,6.8±0.7°and 6.4±0.8°, 4.5±0.5°, 3.5±0.5°, 6.8±0.8°, there was no significant difference between the two groups,P＞0.05.However, there were significant differences between the two groups and the control group,P＜0.01.The insertional torque of the CBT group and BC group respectively were 0.43±0.09N-m and 0.30±0.07N-m (P=0.03), and the screw pull-out force were 462.67±72.51N and 325.60±77.27N (P=0.021), respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups. The anti-compression forces between the two groups were 3561.81±522.7N and 3586.80±607.42N, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P =0.946).Conclusion: The insertional torque and pull-out force of the CBT were higher than those of the BC in the isolated low bone porcine spine model, and the range of motion and anti-compression ability of model were similar between the two fixation methods.