bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Parental Behavior and Adolescent Mental Health in Mexico: Insights into Excessive Alcohol Intake, Tobacco Use, Suicidal Behavior, and Depressive Symptomatology
Authors: Reynales-Shigematsu Luz Myriam , Rivera-Rivera Leonor , Séris-Martínez Marina , Saenz-de-Miera Belen
Published: March 2024

Depression, suicidal behavior, excessive alcohol intake, and tobacco use are the main mental health problems in adolescents. To address these problems, it is necessary to understand the many factors associated with them, including parental factors. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between parental behavior and mental health problems in adolescents in Mexico. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) 2018–2019, representative for Mexico, were used. Households in which a parent–adolescent child pairing was identified (regardless of family type) were selected; n = 8758 households. The four outcomes of interest that were measured in the adolescents were: excessive alcohol intake, tobacco use, suicidal behavior, and depressive symptomatology. Logistic regression models using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated. Adolescents whose parents used alcohol or tobacco and reported depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior were more likely to present these behaviors themselves (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.17–1.85; AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.51–3.39; AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.88–3.61; AOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.16–2.61, respectively). Child sexual abuse was also strongly associated with the four outcomes of interest in adolescents (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.06–3.36 for excessive alcohol intake; AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.49–5.91 for tobacco use; AOR = 5.15, 95% CI: 3.27–8.09 for depressive symptoms; AOR = 6.71, 95% CI: 4.25–10.59 for suicidal behavior). The family constitutes the central nucleus of care for children and adolescents; therefore, any effort to promote adolescent mental health must necessarily involve their parents and family.
Geographic, Patient, and VA Medical Center Variation in the Receipt and Mode of Primary Care in a National Sample of Veterans with Diabetes during 2020
Authors: Davis Melanie , Neelon Brian , Pearce John L. , Medunjanin Danira , Bast Elizabeth , Axon Robert Neal , Florez Hermes , Hunt Kelly J.
Published: March 2024

While telemedicine infrastructure was in place within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) healthcare system before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, geographically varying ordinances/closures disrupted vital care for chronic disease patients such as those with type 2 diabetes. We created a national cohort of 1,647,158 non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic veterans with diabetes including patients with at least one primary care visit and HbA1c lab result between 3.5% and 20% in the fiscal year (FY) 2018 or 2019. For each VAMC, the proportion of telehealth visits in FY 2019 was calculated. Two logistic Bayesian spatial models were employed for in-person primary care or telehealth primary care in the fourth quarter of the FY 2020, with spatial random effects incorporated at the VA medical center (MC) catchment area level. Finally, we computed and mapped the posterior probability of receipt of primary care for an “average” patient within each catchment area. Non-Hispanic Black veterans and Hispanic veterans were less likely to receive in-person primary care but more likely to receive tele-primary care than non-Hispanic white veterans during the study period. Veterans living in the most socially vulnerable areas were more likely to receive telehealth primary care in the fourth quarter of FY 2020 compared to the least socially vulnerable group but were less likely to receive in-person care. In summary, racial minorities and those in the most socially vulnerable areas were less likely to receive in-person primary care but more likely to receive telehealth primary care, potentially indicating a disparity in the impact of the pandemic across these groups.
Reducing Sample Size While Improving Equity in Vaccine Clinical Trials: A Machine Learning-Based Recruitment Methodology with Application to Improving Trials of Hepatitis C Virus Vaccines in People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Chiu Richard , Tatara Eric , Mackesy-Amiti Mary Ellen , Page Kimberly , Ozik Jonathan , Boodram Basmattee , Dahari Harel , Gutfraind Alexander
Published: March 2024

Despite the availability of direct-acting antivirals that cure individuals infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), developing a vaccine is critically needed in achieving HCV elimination. HCV vaccine trials have been performed in populations with high incidence of new HCV infection such as people who inject drugs (PWID). Developing strategies of optimal recruitment of PWID for HCV vaccine trials could reduce sample size, follow-up costs and disparities in enrollment. We investigate trial recruitment informed by machine learning and evaluate a strategy for HCV vaccine trials termed PREDICTEE—Predictive Recruitment and Enrichment method balancing Demographics and Incidence for Clinical Trial Equity and Efficiency. PREDICTEE utilizes a survival analysis model applied to trial candidates, considering their demographic and injection characteristics to predict the candidate’s probability of HCV infection during the trial. The decision to recruit considers both the candidate’s predicted incidence and demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and race. We evaluated PREDICTEE using in silico methods, in which we first generated a synthetic candidate pool and their respective HCV infection events using HepCEP, a validated agent-based simulation model of HCV transmission among PWID in metropolitan Chicago. We then compared PREDICTEE to conventional recruitment of high-risk PWID who share drugs or injection equipment in terms of sample size and recruitment equity, with the latter measured by participation-to-prevalence ratio (PPR) across age, sex, and race. Comparing conventional recruitment to PREDICTEE found a reduction in sample size from 802 (95%: 642–1010) to 278 (95%: 264–294) with PREDICTEE, while also reducing screening requirements by 30%. Simultaneously, PPR increased from 0.475 (95%: 0.356–0.568) to 0.754 (95%: 0.685–0.834). Even when targeting a dissimilar maximally balanced population in which achieving recruitment equity would be more difficult, PREDICTEE is able to reduce sample size from 802 (95%: 642–1010) to 304 (95%: 288–322) while improving PPR to 0.807 (95%: 0.792–0.821). PREDICTEE presents a promising strategy for HCV clinical trial recruitment, achieving sample size reduction while improving recruitment equity.
Βarriers and Gaps to Medical Care for Transgender Individuals: A TRANSCARE Scoping Review with a Focus on Greece
Authors: Anastasaki Marilena , Angelaki Agapi , Paganis Philippos , Christidi Elena Olga , Papathanasiou Nancy , Stoupa Eleni Panagiota , Karamagioli Evika , Pikoulis Emmanouil , Lionis Christos
Published: March 2024

Trans people face substantial barriers to care worldwide. In Greece, limited evidence regarding trans health and actions to improve accessibility in healthcare services is available. This study aims to identify barriers to care for transgender populations in order to discuss the potential gaps in healthcare providers’ training in this direction. A scoping review was conducted in PubMed. Study eligibility criteria included: (a) reporting on at least one barrier to care for trans individuals or at least one educational need for healthcare providers; (b) free full text availability; and (c) publishing from 2015 and afterwards. Discrepancies in study inclusion were discussed between the research team until consensus was reached. Out of 560 identified references, 69 were included in this study, with only three reporting empirical research from Greece. Several individual-, interpersonal-, and institutional-level barriers to healthcare for trans individuals were identified. These included discriminatory treatment by healthcare providers, a lack of knowledgeable providers trained on trans-specific healthcare issues, lack of trusted and safe healthcare environments, health coverage-related issues, and healthcare systems that do not take into account particular transgender health issues during care provision. Improving access to care for transgender people is a multidimensional issue that should be addressed at the societal, healthcare, and research levels. Actions for future professional education initiatives should focus on respecting transgender identity, protecting confidentiality, creating trusted provider–patient relationships, and providing sufficient competency on trans-specific healthcare issues.
Complications in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Navigating Challenges in Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Moras Errol , Yakkali Shreyas , Gandhi Kruti D. , Virk Hafeez Ul Hassan , Alam Mahboob , Zaid Syed , Barman Nitin , Jneid Hani , Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Sharma Samin K. , Krittanawong Chayakrit
Published: March 2024

In recent decades, significant advancements in pharmacological, catheter-based, and surgical reperfusion technologies have markedly improved outcomes for individuals undergoing acute myocardial infarction. Despite these remarkable progressions, a segment of patients, particularly those with extensive infarctions or delays in revascularization, remains vulnerable to the onset of mechanical complications associated with myocardial infarction. These complications, spanning mechanical, electrical, ischemic, inflammatory, and thromboembolic events, pose substantial risks of morbidity, mortality, and increased utilization of hospital resources. The management of patients experiencing these complications is intricate, necessitating collaborative efforts among various specialties. Timely identification, accurate diagnosis, hemodynamic stabilization, and decision-making support are crucial for guiding patients and their families in choosing between definitive treatments or palliative care. This review underscores the critical importance of promptly identifying and initiating therapy to reduce prolonged periods of cardiogenic shock and the potential for fatality. By presenting key clinical and diagnostic insights, this review aims to further improve early diagnosis and offer an updated perspective on current management strategies for the diverse range of complications associated with acute myocardial infarction.
P-Renewal Project: A Reflexive Contribution to the Evolution of Energy Performance Standards for the Renovation of Historic Buildings
Authors: Trachte Sophie , Stiernon Dorothée
Published: March 2024

To meet European carbon neutrality targets and comply with building energy performance regulations, renovating historic buildings is considered one of the most challenging tasks for the construction sector. On one hand, commonly employed renovation solutions are often more difficult to implement on these structures. On the other hand, renovation work must be carried out while preserving their heritage value and integrity. The European standard EN 16883 on conservation and energy renovation performance of cultural heritage was developed in 2017 with the aim of facilitating energy performance improvements in historic buildings while respecting their cultural significance. In pursuit of the same objective, the “P-Renewal” project focuses on the energy retrofit of pre-war Walloon housing with heritage value, providing valuable support through a reflective process and decision-making tools. These tools enable the selection of renovation strategies that effectively combine the preservation of heritage value with improvements in internal comfort, energy efficiency, and environmental performance. This study compares the reflective process of the research project with the guidelines of the standard EN 16883 and discusses the transferability of this contribution to other European contexts. This will significantly contribute to the evolution of energy performance standards for the renovation of historic buildings.
A Recently Identified Barniz Brillante Casket at Bateman’s, the Home of Rudyard Kipling
Authors: Geminiani Ludovico , Sanchez Carvajal Maria , Schmuecker Emma , Wheeler Megan , Burgio Lucia , Melchar Dana , Risdonne Valentina
Published: March 2024

A casket held at Bateman’s, Rudyard and Caroline Kipling’s home in Sussex—now a National Trust property—was recently recognised as a barniz brillante work. Objects made of barniz brillante, a technique featuring the Indigenous American material called mopa mopa, are relatively rare and have only sparingly been studied using scientific analysis techniques. A collaboration between the National Trust and the Victoria and Albert Museum has produced scientific evidence which will be invaluable in the study and the understanding of this type of object. The scientific analysis of the casket was conducted exclusively in a non-destructive and non-invasive manner, to preserve the integrity of the object which is in very good condition. The Bateman’s casket is characterised by a dark underdrawing, made with a material which is transparent in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Most of the areas decorated with silver leaf have tarnished due to the formation of what is likely to be silver chloride. This study represents a significant step towards the comparative scientific study of barniz brillante objects in other collections, which in turn will make it possible to suggest a timeline for their manufacture, and even identify workshops.
A MYB Transcription Factor from Brassica juncea Regulates Purple Leaves in Pak Choi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis)
Authors: Wang Xia , Zhu Yating , Shi Bo , Zhang Shujiang , Zhang Shifan , Zhang Hui , Sun Rifei , Zhou Jinyan , Li Ze , Li Guoliang , Li Fei
Published: March 2024

The purple-leaf phenotype in pak choi is due to the accumulation of anthocyanin. The main regulated genes are unclear. The gene controlling the purple-leaf phenotype was mapped on A03 using BSA-seq, but the candidate interval was not further narrowed with InDel markers. Based on our previous study, we hypothesized that the candidate gene that regulates purple leaves in pak choi may also be the Dark_Pur gene from B. juncea. Using the Dark_Pur-1 marker to identify P1, P2, F1, and F2, it was confirmed that the purple trait in purple-leaf pak choi was controlled by the Dark_Pur gene from B. juncea through distant hybridization. A DNA segment of approximately 514 Kb containing the Dark_Pur gene was reintroduced into pak choi from B. juncea. Meanwhile, a new purple pak choi germplasm line was created with green pak choi × purple B. juncea via distant hybridization, which proved that distant hybridization is an effective method for creating new germplasms. Furthermore, the purple-leaf phenotypes of 20 pak choi varieties were identified, and the purple-leaf traits of all lines were derived from B. juncea via distant hybridization. At present, few studies have focused on the background of the purple trait in pak choi; however, in this study, our results suggest that there is a high probability that the purple trait in pak choi may be completely derived from purple B. juncea via distant hybridization. This study also lays a good foundation for research on the creation of new germplasms through distant hybridization among the Brassica species.
Adverse Outcomes of Patients with Non-Ventilator-Associated Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (nvHAP)—A Single Centre Cohort Study
Authors: Amodio Enrica , Schreiber Peter W. , Faes Hesse Mirjam , Wolfensberger Aline
Published: March 2024

Non-ventilator associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (nvHAP) is a common nosocomial infection, but little is known about the outcomes of patients with nvHAP and the risk factors for adverse outcomes. In this retrospective study conducted in a Swiss tertiary care centre, adverse outcomes like in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mechanical ventilation, both all-cause and nvHAP-associated, were investigated. Of 244 patients with nvHAP, 72 (30%) died, 35 (14%) deaths were attributed to nvHAP. While 36 (15%) patients acquired nvHAP on the ICU, another 173 patients were eligible for ICU-transferral, and 76 (43.9%) needed ICU-admission. Of all patients hospitalized on the ICU 58 (51.8%) needed intubation due to nvHAP. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified lower body mass index (OR per unit increase: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.82–0.98) and lower haemoglobin on admission (OR per unit in g/l increase: 0.98, 95%CI: 0.97–1.00) as patient specific factors independently associated with nvHAP-associated mortality. Given the frequency of nvHAP adverse outcomes, hospitals should evaluate increasing nvHAP prevention efforts, especially for patients at high risk for nvHAP mortality. To what extent pneumonia prevention interventions do lower nvHAP mortality in these patients is still to be evaluated.
IEUBK Modeling of Children’s Blood Lead Levels in Homes Served by Private Domestic Wells in Three Illinois Counties
Authors: Keeley Sarah , Dorevitch Samuel , Kelly Walton , Jacobs David E. , Geiger Sarah D.
Published: March 2024

Lead is known to impair neurocognitive development in children. Drinking water is routinely monitored for lead content in municipal systems, but private well owners are not required to test for lead. The lack of testing poses a risk of lead exposure and resulting health effects to rural children. In three Illinois counties, we conducted a cross-sectional study (n = 151 homes) examining water lead levels (WLLs), water consumption, and water treatment status to assess risk of lead exposure among residents using private water wells. Since blood lead levels (BLLs) were not available, EPA’s Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) modeling was used to estimate the incremental contribution of WLL to BLL, holding all other sources of lead at their default values. Nearly half (48.3%) of stagnant water samples contained measurable lead ranging from 0.79 to 76.2 µg/L (median= 0.537 µg/L). IEUBK modeling showed BLLs rose from 0.3 to 0.4 µg/dL when WLLs rose from 0.54 µg/L (the tenth percentile) to 4.88 µg/L (the 90th percentile). Based on IEUBK modeling, 18% of children with a WLL at the 10th percentile would have a BLL above 3.5 µg/dL compared to 27.4% of those with a WLL at the 90th percentile. These findings suggest that the consumption of unfiltered well water likely results in increased blood lead levels in children.
Impact of TNF and IL-33 Cytokines on Mast Cells in Neuroinflammation
Authors: Conti Pio , Ronconi Gianpaolo , Lauritano Dorina , Mastrangelo Filiberto , Caraffa Alessandro , Gallenga Carla E. , Frydas Ilias , Kritas Spyridon K. , Carinci Francesco , Gaudelli Federico , Annicchiarico Ciro , D’Ovidio Cristian
Published: March 2024

Mast cells (MCs) are derived from hematopoietic progenitors, mature in vascularized tissues, and participate in innate and acquired immunity. Neuroinflammation is a highly debated topic in the biomedical literature; however, the impact of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-33 on MCs in the brain has not been widely addressed. MCs can be activated by IgE binding to FcεRI, as well as by different antigens. After activation, MCs mediate various immunological and inflammatory responses through TNF and IL-33. TNF has two receptors: TNFR1, a p55 molecule, and TNFR2, a p75 molecule. This cytokine is the only one of its kind to be stored in the granules of MCs and can also be generated by de novo synthesis via mRNA. In the central nervous system (CNS), TNF is produced almost exclusively by microglial cells, neurons, astrocytes, and, minimally, by endothelial cells. After its release into brain tissue, TNF rapidly induces the adhesion molecules endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in endothelial cells. TNF causes the chemoattraction of neutrophils by inducing several molecules, including CXC chemokines (IL-8). Both MCs and microglial cells act as a primary barrier against foreign molecules in the CNS, producing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-33. IL-33 belongs to the IL-1 family, is activated through the ST2L/IL1-RAcP receptor complex, and mediates both the innate and adaptive immune response. IL-33 is a nuclear transcription factor expressed in the brain, where it induces pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF and IL-1) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL10). Therefore, MCs and microglia in the CNS are a source of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF and IL-33, that mediate many brain diseases. The inhibition of TNF and IL-33 may represent a new therapeutic approach that could complement existing neuroinflammatory therapies.
B-Cell Activation Biomarkers in Salivary Glands Are Related to Lymphomagenesis in Primary Sjögren’s Disease: A Pilot Monocentric Exploratory Study
Authors: Bruno Dario , Tolusso Barbara , Lugli Gianmarco , Di Mario Clara , Petricca Luca , Perniola Simone , Bui Laura , Benvenuto Roberta , Ferraccioli Gianfranco , Alivernini Stefano , Gremese Elisa
Published: March 2024

Primary Sjögren’s disease is primarily driven by B-cell activation and is associated with a high risk of developing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Over the last few decades, microRNA-155 (miR-155) has arisen as a key regulator of B-cells. Nevertheless, its role in primary Sjögren’s disease remains elusive. Thus, the purpose of this study was (i) to explore miR-155, B-cell activating factor (BAFF)-receptor (BAFF-R), and Interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R) expression in the labial salivary glands (LSG) of patients with primary Sjögren’s disease, aiming to identify potential B-cell activation biomarkers related to NHL development. Twenty-four patients with primary Sjögren’s disease, and with available tissue blocks from a LSG biopsy performed at diagnosis, were enrolled. Among them, five patients developed B-cell NHL during follow-up (7.3 ± 3.1 years). A comparison group of 20 individuals with sicca disease was included. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded and the LSG biopsies were evaluated to assess local inflammation in terms of miR-155/BAFF-R and IL-6R expression. Stratifying the primary Sjögren’s disease cohort according to lymphomagenesis, miR-155 was upregulated in primary Sjögren’s disease patients who experienced NHL, more so than those who did not experience NHL. Moreover, miR-155 expression correlated with the focus score (FS), as well as BAFF-R and IL-6R expression, which were increased in primary Sjögren’s disease patients and in turn related to neoplastic evolution. In conclusion, epigenetic modulation may play a crucial role in the aberrant activation of B-cells in primary Sjögren’s disease, profoundly impacting the risk of NHL development.
Integration Analysis of Hair Follicle Transcriptome and Proteome Reveals the Mechanisms Regulating Wool Fiber Diameter in Angora Rabbits
Authors: Huang Dongwei , Ding Haisheng , Wang Yuanlang , Wang Xiaofei , Zhao Huiling
Published: March 2024

Fiber diameter is an important characteristic that determines the quality and economic value of rabbit wool. This study aimed to investigate the genetic determinants of wool fiber diameter through an integration analysis using transcriptomic and proteomic datasets from hair follicles of coarse and fine wool from Angora rabbits. Using a 4D label-free technique, we identified 423 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in hair follicles of coarse and fine wool in Angora rabbits. Eighteen DEPs were examined using parallel reaction monitoring, which verified the reliability of our proteomic data. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that a set of biological processes and signaling pathways related to wool growth and hair diameter were strongly enriched by DEPs with fold changes greater than two, such as keratinocyte differentiation, skin development, epidermal and epithelial cell differentiation, epidermis and epithelium development, keratinization, and estrogen signaling pathway. Association analysis and protein–protein interaction network analysis further showed that the keratin (KRT) family members, including KRT77, KRT82, KRT72, KRT32, and KRT10, as well as CASP14 and CDSN, might be key factors contributing to differences in fiber diameter. Our results identified DEPs in hair follicles of coarse and fine wool and promoted understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying wool fiber diameter variation among Angora rabbits.
A Water-Based Biocoating to Increase the Infection Resistance and Osteoconductivity of Titanium Surfaces
Authors: Luo Chi-An , Chang Yu-Han , Chang Yu-Jui , Lee Han-Chieh , Tsai Shiao-Wen
Published: March 2024

As the population ages, the number of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) continues to increase. Infections after primary arthroplasty are rare but have high rates of morbidity and mortality, as well as enormous financial implications for healthcare systems. Numerous methods including the use of superhydrophobic coatings, the incorporation of antibacterial agents, and the application of topographical treatments have been developed to reduce bacterial attachment to medical devices. However, most of these methods require complex manufacturing processes. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to apply biocoatings to titanium (Ti) surfaces to increase their infection resistance and osteoconductivity via simple processes, without organic reagents. We modified titanium surfaces with a combination of aminomalononitrile (AMN) and an antibiotic-loaded mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) and evaluated both the antibacterial effects of the coating layer and its effect on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. The properties of the modified surface, such as the hydrophilicity, roughness, and surface morphology, were characterized via contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The cell proliferation reagent WST-1 assay and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay were used to determine the degrees of adhesion and differentiation, respectively, of the MG-63 osteoblast-like cells on the surface. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by examining the survival rate and inhibition zone of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The AMN coating layer reduced the water contact angle (WCA) of the titanium surface from 87° ± 2.5° to 53° ± 2.3° and this change was retained even after immersion in deionized water for five weeks, demonstrating the stability of the AMN coating. Compared with nontreated titanium and polydopamine (PDA) coating layers, the AMN surface coating increased MG-63 cell attachment, spreading, and early ALP expression; reduced E. coli adhesion; and increased the percentage of dead bacteria. In addition, the AMN coating served as an adhesion layer for the subsequent deposition of MBG-containing antibiotic nanoparticles. The synergistic effects of the AMN layer and antibiotics released from the MBG resulted in an obvious E. coli inhibition zone that was not observed in the nontreated titanium group.
Microcurrent-Mediated Modulation of Myofibroblasts for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration
Authors: Bachamanda Somesh Dipthi , Jürchott Karsten , Giesel Thomas , Töllner Thomas , Prehn Alexander , Richters Jan-Peter , Kosevic Dragana , Eduardo Rame Jesus , Göttel Peter , Müller Johannes
Published: March 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are a significant cause of illness and death worldwide, often resulting in myofibroblast differentiation, pathological remodeling, and fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix protein deposition. Treatment options for cardiac fibrosis that can effectively target myofibroblast activation and ECM deposition are limited, necessitating an unmet need for new therapeutic approaches. In recent years, microcurrent therapy has demonstrated promising therapeutic effects, showcasing its translational potential in cardiac care. This study therefore sought to investigate the effects of microcurrent therapy on cardiac myofibroblasts, aiming to unravel its potential as a treatment for cardiac fibrosis and heart failure. The experimental design involved the differentiation of primary rat cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Subsequently, these cells were subjected to microcurrent (MC) treatment at 1 and 2 µA/cm2 DC with and without polarity reversal. We then investigated the impact of microcurrent treatment on myofibroblast cell behavior, including protein and gene expression, by performing various assays and analyses comparing them to untreated myofibroblasts and cardiac fibroblasts. The application of microcurrents resulted in distinct transcriptional signatures and improved cellular processes. Gene expression analysis showed alterations in myofibroblast markers, extracellular matrix components, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These observations show signs of microcurrent-mediated reversal of myofibroblast phenotype, possibly reducing cardiac fibrosis, and providing insights for cardiac tissue repair.
Causes and Mitigation Practices of Requirement Volatility in Agile Software Development
Authors: Mohammad Abdulghafour , Kollamana Job Mathew
Published: March 2024

One of the main obstacles in software development projects is requirement volatility (RV), which is defined as uncertainty or changes in software requirements during the development process. Therefore, this research tries to understand the underlying factors behind the RV and the best practices to reduce it. The methodology used for this research is based upon qualitative research using interviews with 12 participants with experience in agile software development projects. The participants hailed from Austria, Nigeria, the USA, the Philippines, Armenia, Sri Lanka, Germany, Egypt, Canada, and Turkey and held roles such as project managers, software developers, Scrum Masters, testers, business analysts, and product owners. Our findings based on our empirical data revealed six primary factors that cause RV and three main agile practices that help to mitigate it. Theoretically, this study contributes to the body of knowledge relating to RV management. Practically, this research is expected to aid software development teams in comprehending the reasons behind RV and the best practices to effectively minimize it.
Transport Infrastructure Management Based on LiDAR Synthetic Data: A Deep Learning Approach with a ROADSENSE Simulator
Authors: Comesaña-Cebral Lino , Martínez-Sánchez Joaquín , Seoane Antón Nuñez , Arias Pedro
Published: March 2024

In the realm of transportation system management, various remote sensing techniques have proven instrumental in enhancing safety, mobility, and overall resilience. Among these techniques, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) has emerged as a prevalent method for object detection, facilitating the comprehensive monitoring of environmental and infrastructure assets in transportation environments. Currently, the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based methods, particularly in the domain of semantic segmentation of 3D LiDAR point clouds by Deep Learning (DL) models, is a powerful method for supporting the management of both infrastructure and vegetation in road environments. In this context, there is a lack of open labeled datasets that are suitable for training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in transportation scenarios, so, to fill this gap, we introduce ROADSENSE (Road and Scenic Environment Simulation), an open-access 3D scene simulator that generates synthetic datasets with labeled point clouds. We assess its functionality by adapting and training a state-of-the-art DL-based semantic classifier, PointNet++, with synthetic data generated by both ROADSENSE and the well-known HELIOS++ (HEildelberg LiDAR Operations Simulator). To evaluate the resulting trained models, we apply both DNNs on real point clouds and demonstrate their effectiveness in both roadway and forest environments. While the differences are minor, the best mean intersection over union (MIoU) values for highway and national roads are over 77%, which are obtained with the DNN trained on HELIOS++ point clouds, and the best classification performance in forested areas is over 92%, which is obtained with the model trained on ROADSENSE point clouds. This work contributes information on a valuable tool for advancing DL applications in transportation scenarios, offering insights and solutions for improved road and roadside management.
Pentastiridius leporinus (Linnaeus, 1761) as a Vector of Phloem-Restricted Pathogens on Potatoes: ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus Phytopathogenicus’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani’
Authors: Therhaag Eva , Schneider Bernd , Zikeli Kerstin , Maixner Michael , Gross Jürgen
Published: March 2024

In Germany, the phloem-sucking planthopper Pentastiridius leporinus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) currently represents the epidemiological driver for the spread of the syndrome “Basses Richesses” in sugar beets, which results in a reduced sugar content and an economic loss for the farmers. This disease is associated with the γ-proteobacterium ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’ and the Stolbur phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’. Recently, P. leporinus was found in potato fields in Germany and is associated with Stolbur-like symptoms in this crop. In this study, we confirmed that the vector completes its lifecycle on sugar beets as well as on potatoes when reared under controlled conditions. Transmission experiments with adults of this vector combined with molecular analyses showed, for the first time, that both pathogens are transmitted by this vector to potatoes. For an accurate assessment of the Ca. P. solani and Ca. A. phytopathogenicus titers in the vector and host plants, gBlocks derived from the hsp20- and 16S rRNA genes were employed, respectively. For Ca. P. solani, the limit of detection was determined in potato and sugar beet material. The results of this study will further the research on the epidemiology of the syndrome “Basses Richesses” and “Stolbur” diseases and the response of host plants and vector insects to both pathogens.
Effects of Various Nectar and Pollen Plants on the Survival, Reproduction, and Predation of Neoseiulus bicaudus
Authors: Han Yue , Lipeizhong Wurigemu , Liang Xinqi , Cai Zhiping , Liu Weiru , Dou Jifei , Lu Yanhui , Zhang Jianping , Wang Shaoshan , Su Jie
Published: March 2024

Neoseiulus bicaudus is a predatory mite species that could potentially be used for the biological control of spider mites and thrips. Floral resources can provide excellent habitats and abundant nutrients for natural enemies. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of eight floral resources on the longevity, fecundity, and predation ability of N. bicaudus. Among the considered plants, Cnidium monnieri led to the highest longevity (24 days) and fecundity (13.8 eggs) of N. bicaudus, while Tagetes erecta resulted in the lowest longevity (7 days) and fecundity (0.1 eggs) observed in the predatory mites. By comparing the effects of three nectar and pollen plants on the predation of predatory mites, it was observed that N. bicaudus still exhibited a type II functional response to Tetranychus turkestani. In the presence of pollen, the predation efficacy (a/Th) of N. bicaudus exhibited a lower value, compared to that in the absence of pollen (Control: a/Th = 24.00). When pollen was supplied, the maximum consumption (1/Th) of predatory mites was higher than in its absence (Control: 1/Th = 9.90 d−1), with the highest value obtained in the presence of B. officinalis pollen (B. officinalis: 1/Th = 17.86 d−1). The influence coefficient of predation of N. bicaudus on T. turkestani in the presence of pollen was compared in the presence of three nectar and pollen plants: Cnidium monnieri, Centaurea cyanus, and Borago officinalis. At low prey densities, the influence coefficient of C. cyanus exceeded that of B. officinalis, and the overall influence coefficient values were negative (i.e., the presence of pollen reduced predatory mite feeding on T. turkestani). They exhibited similar values at high prey densities, and all of the influence coefficient values were close to 0 (i.e., the presence of pollen had no effect on predatory mite feeding on T. turkestani). The findings revealed that diverse plant species exert differential impacts on N. bicaudus, with some influencing its lifespan and others affecting its reproductive capabilities. Furthermore, the presence of nectar and pollen plants had a significant impact on predatory mite feeding on T. turkestani at low prey densities; however, this effect diminished as the prey density increased. Therefore, we recommend planting C. monnieri, C. cyanus, and B. officinalis in the field to ensure an ample population of predatory mites. The obtained results hold significant implications for the utilization of nectar and pollen plants in eco-friendly pest management strategies within agricultural contexts.
First Morpho-Functional Assessment of Immature Stages of Pelecocera Species (Diptera: Syrphidae) Feeding on False Truffles
Authors: Orengo-Green José J. , Marcos-García M. Ángeles , Carstensen Leif Bloss , Ricarte Antonio
Published: March 2024

With 14 species, Pelecocera Meigen, 1822 is a scarce and small genus of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae: Rhingiini) from the Holarctic Region. Apart from the finding of larvae of Pelecocera (Chamaesyrphus) japonica (Shiraki, 1956) in fungi in Japan, the larval biology of these hoverflies is virtually unknown. The early stages of all Pelecocera species are undescribed. The adults of Pelecocera (Pelecocera) tricincta Meigen, 1822 and Pelecocera (Chamaesyrphus) lugubris Perris, 1839 are found in Palearctic conifer forests with sand dunes. We here report the first morphological evidence of the immature stages of Pelecocera (P. lugubris and P. tricincta), as well as specific data on their breeding sites. Larvae of both species were collected feeding on the hypogean basidiomycete Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. & Nordholm, 1817 in Denmark in 2021. The first larval stage and second larval stage of P. tricincta, the third larval stage of P. lugubris, the anterior respiratory process, and the posterior respiratory process of the puparia of these two species were analyzed and studied using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope techniques. The chaetotaxy of the puparium of each species is also described and illustrated. A taxonomic diagnosis of the larvae of the genus Pelecocera is proposed to separate them from the larvae of other genera of the tribe.
Experimental Investigation into the Performance of PEMFCs with Three Different Hydrogen Recirculation Schemes
Authors: Li Kejing , Wang Chen , Li Jingjing , Wang Lei , Li Zongji , Zhang Chuanlong
Published: March 2024

Hydrogen recirculation systems (HRSs) are vital components of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and it is necessary to investigate different HRS schemes to meet the needs of high-power PEMFCs. PEMFCs are developing in the direction of low cost, high power, wide working conditions, low noise, compact structure, etc. Currently, it is difficult for hydrogen recirculation pumps (HRPs) to meet the flow requirements of high-power PEMFCs. HRPs inevitably have high parasitic energy consumption, loud noise output, high cost, easy leakage, and high failure rates. Therefore, it is necessary to study different HRS schemes to develop a better solution for high-power PEMFCs. In this study, the functional prototype of a piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) based on three HRSs of HRPs was designed, and a functional prototype was built. Working according to the analysis and comparison of PEMFC performance test data, we find that the net power trend of PEMFC systems using three different HRS technology schemes is consistent. The ejector scheme and the combination scheme do not reduce the performance of PEMFCs and have advantages in different power ranges, such as 24 A, 48 A, and other small current points. The PEFMC system net power order is as follows: ejector scheme > HRP scheme > combination scheme. At about 120 A, the net power outputs of the three HRS schemes in the PEMFC system coincide. From around 180 A onwards, the PEMFC system power of the combined HRS scheme gradually dominates. At 320 A, the PEFMC system net power order is as follows: combined HRS scheme > HRP scheme > ejector scheme.
Cognitive Impairment in People Living with HIV and the Impact of Mood: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Salis Francesco , Belfiori Maristella , Bellisai Alice , Bernardini Eleonora , Murtas Michele , Piras Rossella , Serreli Silvia , Ortu Francesco , Piano Paola , Del Giacco Stefano , Mandas Antonella
Published: March 2024

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection represents a significant public health concern and, consequently, the incidence of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) has grown over the years. The present study aims to assess HAND with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) to find significant associations with cognitive impairment. Methods: The study included 210 PLWHA, aged from 30 to 81 years, of whom, 137 (65.2%) were males. They were assessed at the Immunology Service of the University Hospital of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy, between November 2022 and April 2023. Results: The sample showed an overall optimal response to antiretroviral therapy, as shown by the excellent levels of CD4+ lymphocytes and HIV RNA copies. A sum of 115 subjects (54.8%) were considered cognitively impaired and the multivariate analysis demonstrated that it was independently associated with duration of infection (OR: 0.96), age (OR: 1.12), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR: 1.02), and depression (OR: 1.33). By dichotomizing the variables, the significance of the association was confirmed for age (65-year threshold) (χ2: 5.142, p = 0.0233) and depression (χ2: 7.834, p = 0.0051). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that it is hard to find both statistically and clinically significantly associated variables with cognitive impairment in PLWHA, and that the strongest independent association is with depressed mood.
Influence of Narrow Titanium Dental Implant Diameter on Fatigue Behavior: A Comparison between Unitary and Splinted Implants
Authors: Terrats Rodrigo González , Liñares María Bonnín , Punset Miquel , Molmeneu Meritxell , Nart Molina José , Ruíz Magaz Vanessa , Albertini Matteo , Manero José María , Gil Mur Javier
Published: March 2024

Background: Scientific literature lacks strong support for using narrow diameter implants (NDI) in high masticatory force areas, especially in molars. Implant splinting in cases of multiple missing teeth reduces lateral forces, improves force distribution, and minimizes stress on implants. However, no studies have evaluated the fatigue load resistance of unitary or splinted implants. Methods: This in vitro study compares five groups of new metal alloy implants, including unitary and splinted implants with varying diameters. Mechanical characterization was assessed using a BIONIX 370 testing machine (MTS, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to ISO 14801. For each of the five study sample groups, (n = 5) specimens underwent monotonic uniaxial compression at break testing and (n = 15) cyclic loading to determine the maximum force (Fmax) and the fatigue life (LF) values. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed for the fractographic analysis of the fractured samples. Results: The Fmax values for unitary samples ranged from 196 N to 246 N, whereas the two-splinted samples displayed significantly higher values, ranging from 2439 N to 3796 N. Similarly, the LF values for unitary samples ranged from 118 N to 230 N, while the two-splinted samples exhibited notably higher values, ranging from 488 N to 759 N. Conclusions: The observed resistance difference between sample groups in terms of Fmax and LF may be due to variations in effective cross-sectional area, determined by implant diameter and number. Additionally, this disparity may indicate a potential stiffening effect resulting from the splinting process. These findings have significant implications for dental clinical practice, suggesting the potential use of splinted sets of small-sized NDI as replacements for posterior dentition (premolars and molars) in cases of alveolar bone ridge deficiencies.
Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Pregnancy
Authors: Romenskaya Tatsiana , Longhitano Yaroslava , Mahajan Aman , Savioli Gabriele , Voza Antonio , Tesauro Manfredi , Zanza Christian
Published: March 2024

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a cardiac or pulmonary function support system that is used in cases of refractory organ failure in addition to conventional treatment. Currently, Level I evidence is not yet available, which reflects improved outcomes with ECMO in pregnant women, the use in pregnancy should be indicated in selected cases and only in specialized centers. We searched articles in the most important scientific databases from 2009 until 31 December 2023 consulting also the site ClinicalTrials.com to find out about studies that have been recently conducted or are currently ongoing. We matched the combination of the following keywords: “ECMO and pregnancy”, “H1N1 and pregnancy”, “COVID-19 and pregnancy”, “ARDS and pregnancy”, “ECMO and pregnancy AND (cardiac arrest)”. We selected the following number of articles for each keyword combination: “ECMO and pregnancy” (665 articles); “ECMO and influenza H1N1” (384 articles); “pregnancy and influenza H1N1” (1006 articles); “pregnancy and ARDS” (2930 articles); “ECMO and pregnancy and ARDS and influenza H1N1” (24 articles); and “[ECMO and pregnancy AND (cardiac arrest)]” (74 articles). After careful inspection, only 43 papers fitted our scope. There are two types of ECMO: venous-venous (VV-ECMO) and venous-arterial (VA-ECMO). The first-one is necessary to cope with severe hypoxia: oxygen-depleted blood is taken from the venous circulation, oxygenated, and carbon dioxide removed from the extracorporeal circuit and returned to the same venous system. The VA-ECMO is a type of mechanical assistance to the circulatory system that allows to put the failing organ at rest by ensuring adequate oxygenation and systemic de-oxygenation, avoiding multi-organ failure. The main indications for ECMO support in pregnant women are cardiogenic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary embolism, and eclampsia. There are also fetal indications for ECMO, and they are fetal distress, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Until now, based on the outcomes of the numerous clinical studies conducted, ECMO has been shown to be a successful therapeutic strategy in cases where medical treatment has been unsuccessful. In well-selected pregnant patients, it appears to be safe and associated with a low risk of maternal and fetal complications. The aim of this review is to report the main properties of ECMO (VV and VA) and the indications for its use in pregnant women.
The Present and Future of the Clinical Use of Physiological Traits for the Treatment of Patients with OSA: A Narrative Review
Authors: Chu Yvonne , Zinchuk Andrey
Published: March 2024

People with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are a heterogeneous group. While many succeed in the treatment of their OSA, many others struggle with therapy. Herein, we discuss how anatomical and physiological factors that cause sleep apnea (OSA traits) impact treatment response and may offer an avenue for more precise care. These OSA traits, including anatomical (upper-airway collapsibility) and physiological (loop gain, airway muscle responsiveness, and arousal threshold) factors, may help determine who can succeed with continuous positive airway pressure, oral appliances, hypoglossal nerve stimulation, or pharmacotherapy. In the future, identifying OSA traits before initiating treatment may help guide the selection of the most effective and tolerable therapy modalities for each individual.