bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postharvest and anthochron of gladiolus floral stems produced in greenhouse under different seasons and irrigation levels
Authors: Santos Jaqueline Jesus Santana dos , Pêgo Rogério Gomes , Couto Beatriz Rodrigues Monteiro , Martins Rosária da Costa Faria , Carvalho Daniel Fonseca de
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Cut flowers are delicate products whose quality and longevity depends on growing and postharvest conditions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anthochron and the postharvest of gladiolus stems produced under different growing seasons and irrigation levels. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse in the State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) during the winter/spring 2018 and autumn/winter 2019 periods. A randomized block design with 5 replications was used, considering irrigation levels of 45%, 60%, 80% and 100% of the crop water requirement. Irrigation management was performed by the automatic irrigation controller, installed in the 100% irrigation level treatment. As they reached the harvest point, considered to be “showing the color” of the three basal florets, the floral stems were harvested, always in the morning, and immediately taken to the laboratory for standardization of size (75 cm). During the storage period, the stems were kept at a temperature of 25 ºC, with the base immersed in a container with 300 mL of water. Fresh mass, water absorption, anthochron and longevity evaluations were performed daily, in addition to a visual evaluation, performed using a proposed senescence scale. The occurrence of severe water deficit during cultivation interferes with the fresh mass of the stems in postharvest and increases the opening speed of the flowers. The floral stems’ longevity is reduced when gladiolus is produced under the 45% irrigation level. There are no significant differences in the longevity of flowers grown in the different seasons and the anthochron value is influenced by the water availability, being lower in the stems kept in field condition (0.70 to 0.80) in comparison to the postharvest condition (0.83 to 0.92).
Integração regional no Sul Global: Brasil, África do Sul e Índia
Authors: Santos Fabio Luis Barbosa dos
Published: July 2021

Resumo Este artigo discute a integração regional no Sul Global, a partir de uma análise comparada entre Brasil, África do Sul e Índia. Em particular, destacam-se os governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) entre 2003 e 2016, as administrações do Congresso Nacional Africano sob Thabo Mbeki (1999-2009) e do Congresso Nacional Indiano (INC) entre 2004 e 2014. Examinamos como projetos de internacionalização de setores capitalistas destes países se articularam a iniciativas de integração regional no seu entorno geográfico imediato, para indagar em que medida este movimento foi concebido pelos governos analisados, como parte de uma estratégia de projeção política. Procura-se identificar quais os principais setores econômicos interessados na integração regional, em que medida o Estado nacional dos respectivos países avançou uma estratégica coerente respaldando estes interesses, e se havia uma intencionalidade política acompanhando o apoio a estes negócios. A hipótese do artigo é que, embora os três governos tivessem objetivos de política regional comparáveis, visando consolidar uma posição de liderança política assentada na projeção econômica, a comparação salienta a singularidade da estratégia brasileira sob as gestões petistas, que resulta de considerações de natureza histórica, política e econômica.
Piketty e as desigualdades no capitalismo: colocando alguns pingos nos is na análise de “O capital no século XXI”
Authors: Oliveira Fabrício Augusto de
Published: July 2021

Resumo Este trabalho faz uma análise do livro de Thomas Piketty, O capital no século XXI, de 2013, sobre a questão da desigualdade no capitalismo. Para tanto, ele é desenvolvido em três seções. Na primeira, apresenta as principais ideias do autor sobre a evolução da desigualdade desde o século XIX, bem como sobre as causas que têm provocado seu aumento no mundo a partir da década de 1970, assim como sua proposta de criação de um imposto anual progressivo incidente sobre o capital para reverter essa tendência. Na segunda, busca-se fazer uma interpretação teórica alternativa à de Piketty, à luz das transformações conhecidas pelo capitalismo e das mudanças ocorridas no pensamento econômico a partir dessa época, sobre as causas deste aumento das desigualdades. Na terceira, tecem-se comentários sobre novidades que seu estudo apresenta na análise que realiza, bem como sobre suas deficiências para melhor compreensão dessa questão.
Cryptocurrencies: technology, initiatives of banks and central banks, and regulatory challenges
Authors: Carvalho Carlos Eduardo , Pires Desirée Almeida , Artioli Marcel , Oliveira Giuliano Contento de
Published: July 2021

Abstract This paper analyses the impacts of the innovation known as distributed ledger technology (DLT) on the monetary system and on financial activities. Private cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, are permissionless means of payment, based on blockchain, a form of DLT. Evaluations suggested that these private cryptocurrencies could compete with the banks payment systems and even supplant state currency. The development of these technologies has the potential to modify profoundly monetary and financial practices, but there are no indications that they may threaten the centrality of state money and the banking system in the contemporary monetary order. Major international banks have developed cryptocurrencies for settlement systems and for interbank transactions, including the so-called stablecoins, issued by highly technological companies with on par conversion into state money. Some central banks are studying the launch of state cryptocurrencies that could coexist with their fiduciary state currency and even replace their paper currency. The use of this technology results in new challenges for regulation, including the fact that cryptocurrencies can be used for money laundering and by organized crime.
Kirzner e a tentativa de aproximação da Escola Austríaca com outras abordagens: evidências a partir de textos menos conhecidos
Authors: Casonato Lucas , Angeli Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Resumo O artigo apresenta o pensamento econômico de Israel Kirzner expresso nas resenhas de livros, comentários e respostas que ele escreveu ao longo da carreira. Propõe investigar e sistematizar as características do pensamento econômico do autor que emergem nesse material: sua relação com a praxeologia misesiana, outras perspectivas para a teoria de atividade empresarial e sua percepção de diferentes correntes econômicas. Justifica-se a escolha desse material pelo engajamento profissional de Kirzner, que procurou dialogar com outras escolas econômicas.
Política hidrocarburífera del Estado y modo de acumulación de capital durante la postconvertibilidad argentina (2002-2011)
Authors: Roig Diego Pérez
Published: July 2021

Resumen Entre 2002 y 2011, asistimos a un período de incubación de contradicciones entre la dinámica de la acumulación de capital en Argentina y la estructuración del sector hidrocarburífero legada por las reformas neoliberales. Durante el auge de la postconvertibilidad, la declinante performance de la industria petrolera quedó desfasada del desempeño macroeconómico. Hacia fines de 2011, ello se expresó en un notable déficit de la balanza comercial energética, así como en un creciente peso del gasto devengado en subsidios de distinto tipo. En este artículo analizamos la política hidrocarburífera implementada por el Estado nacional durante dicho período, considerando su articulación con los fundamentos y debilidades del modo de acumulación. Para ello, empleamos un enfoque metodológico mixto que combina diferentes métodos y técnicas de recolección y análisis de datos. Entre otros resultados, las conclusiones del trabajo contribuyen a la comprensión de los dilemas que afronta la intervención estatal en el sector.
NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS
Authors: JAVAID Nida , IQBAL Ayesha Zafar , HAMEEDA Maryam
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cirrhosis is a chronic and progressive liver disease that occurs from prolonged hepatocellular injury. Malnutrition causes complications in cirrhosis patients that worsen the condition to liver failure. Both are closely linked and increase the chances of morbidity and mortality. Regular nutritional screening and monitoring is prime concern for such patients including comprehensive dietary history, laboratory tests, and evaluation of muscle loss and strength capabilities to determine the degree of frailty. For efficient assessment of liver cirrhosis patients Subjective Global Assessment has been used worldwide. The nutritional objectives for such individuals should be to regain liver functions, to prevent complications associated, and to overcome nutritional deficiencies causing malnutrition. METHODS: We conducted a literature review using PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct for this purpose, a total of 130 articles were reviewed out of which 80 (from the past 5 years) including originally published research, review articles and abstracts were also included. Exclusion criteria of the selected studies was year of publication, irrelevancy and animal studies based on the purpose of current study. The aim of this study was to check nutritional management in patients having complications of liver cirrhosis. RESULTS: According to the guidelines, for the conservation of normal nutritional status of the malnourished patients’, energy should be provided 35 kcal/kg/day while to prevent hypoalbuminemia and maintain the protein stores in the body, 1.5 g/kg/day protein has been recommended. Carbohydrates and fats for cirrhosis patients are recommended 50% to 60% and 10% to 20% of the total dietary intake respectively. CONCLUSION: Initial identification and prevention of malnutrition have the probability to lead to better health outcomes, prevention of complications of the disease, and improving quality of life.
Educação Permanente em Saúde: narrativa dos trabalhadores de Saúde Mental de Betim/Minas Gerais
Authors: Faria Dirley Lellis dos Santos , Ferreira Neto João Leite , Silva Kênia Lara , Modena Celina Maria
Published: July 2021

Resumo A criação dos serviços substitutivos ao manicômio trouxe inúmeros desafios, entre eles, a formação de seus trabalhadores. Frente a esse desafio foi necessário a formação em ato, nos próprios serviços. O presente estudo busca compreender esse fenômeno, a partir da trajetória dos trabalhadores de Saúde Mental do município de Betim, Minas Gerais. O referencial metodológico se baseou na pesquisa qualitativa orientada pela hermenêutica-dialética. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram entrevistas narrativas e grupo focal. Compreendemos que os trabalhadores aprenderam a trabalhar na atenção psicossocial dentro dos próprios serviços, a partir da equipe multiprofissional e dos seguintes dispositivos: reuniões, fóruns, oficinas. Foram atores ativos, promovendo seminários e encontros diversos; bem como tiveram, em certos momentos, supervisões clínico-institucionais. A integração ensino-serviço também favoreceu a Educação Permanente dos trabalhadores. No entanto, nos últimos anos, tem havido dificuldades para sustentar tal formação.
Qualidade da assistência à saúde bucal na atenção primária no Brasil
Authors: Arrais Marília Guedes da Silveira , Roncalli Angelo Giuseppe , Rosendo Tatyana Souza
Published: July 2021

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a qualidade da assistência à saúde bucal na Atenção Primária em Saúde no Brasil e identificar fatores contextuais socioeconômicos associados. Trata-se de um estudo seccional que teve como unidade de análise todas as equipes de saúde bucal que participaram da avaliação externa do segundo ciclo do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade - Atenção Básica. A qualidade foi medida nas dimensões: acesso, resolutividade, processo de trabalho, coordenação do cuidado e infraestrutura. Os critérios de qualidade da avaliação externa foram agrupados nas dimensões citadas e ponderados pela técnica de Teoria de Resposta ao Item. O indicador de qualidade da Saúde Bucal foi resultado do agrupamento das variáveis latentes. Foram realizadas análises descritivas por regiões e de associação entre “Qualidade da Assistência em Saúde Bucal” e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal, com significância de 5%. Apenas 25% das equipes de saúde bucal são consideradas boas. A dimensão infraestrutura foi melhor avaliada e a coordenação do cuidado, pior. Não há diferença estatisticamente significativa na análise entre os municípios com alto e baixo IDH. Analisar a qualidade é primordial para que se realize a melhora contínua da qualidade dos cuidados em saúde.
Risk communication in the fight against COVID-19 in Brazil: A rhetorical analysis
Authors: Silva Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira , Bay Júnior Osvaldo Goes , Martiniano Claudia Santos , Uchoa Severina Alice da Costa
Published: July 2021

Abstract The objective was to analyze the information related to the new coronavirus pandemic in Brazil, conveyed by national and state authorities, through the lens of risk communication and community engagement. This is a qualitative and reflective study, anchored in rhetorical analysis. Two groups of speeches were analyzed. The first, nationwide, subdivided into the discourse by the Presidency of the Republic of Brazil and by the Ministry of Health. The second, of the states, represented by their normative actions related to the fight against the pandemic. Some recommendations in the management of the disease have unanimous understanding. Other actions, however, do not find the same support in the national and subnational discourse, reason why the following is adopted for a more detailed analysis in this article: the organization of risk communication and community engagement; the practice of social distancing; and the use of medications to treat the disease. Risk communication is based on the premise that every public health emergency faces communication challenges and may benefit from the lessons already learned. The fact that there are different discourses among the entities of the Federation implies disorganization of information, disagreements, and a greater degree of uncertainty in the population about the disease and how to prevent it.
Condições de trabalho de caminhoneiros: percepções sobre a saúde e autocuidado
Authors: Batista Adriana Maria Figuerêdo , Ribeiro Rita de Cássia Lisboa , Barbosa Kiriaque Barra Ferreira , Fagundes Andhressa Araújo
Published: July 2021

Resumo Os caminhoneiros estão expostos a situações nocivas à saúde o que favorece a elevada prevalência de morbimortalidade. Buscou-se conhecer a percepção de saúde e sua relação com as condições de trabalho entre caminhoneiros do estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Pesquisa qualitativa, com entrevistas semiestruturadas de 15 caminhoneiros e roteiro constando duas questões norteadoras: a primeira avaliando a sua saúde atribuindo notas de 0 a 10 e a segunda sobre a sua opinião a respeito da relação do seu próprio estado de saúde com a profissão. Na análise do conteúdo emergiram três categorias: autopercepção da saúde, determinantes de risco laboral e cuidados com a saúde. A autopercepção da saúde obteve notas 7,5±1,4, revelando percepção da saúde limitada a ausência de doença, resignados com a vulnerabilidade associada à rotina laboral extenuante. O entendimento sobre a relação entre saúde e trabalho mostrou-se associado aos determinantes do risco laboral, embora percebessem sua influência na saúde, mostraram-se pouco estimulados quanto ao autocuidado e apontaram como incompatível às rotinas laborais. Conhecer a percepção dos caminhoneiros sobre suas condições de trabalho possibilita o enfrentamento da vulnerabilidade da saúde laboral, viabilizando levantar discussões sobre a necessidade de reformulação e cumprimento das políticas trabalhistas com intuito de reduzir os impactos ocupacionais.
Modes of disciplinary interaction as a line of escape in Family Health practice: a cartographic analysis
Authors: Pereira Matheus Mendes , Lacerda Mayara Karoline Silva , Sampaio Cristina Andrade , Mendes Patricia Helena Costa
Published: July 2021

Abstract The present study aims to discuss the knowledge and practices of Primary Health Care professionals about the modes of disciplinary interaction. It is a descriptive study, with qualitative approach following the methodological proposal of cartography, in which we ran four focus groups with the participation of 33 professionals, among them doctors, nurses and dental surgeons who are part of Family Health teams (FHt). With a cartographic mapping, it was possible to see that the work context of the FHt can be represented by the plan of form, which is affected by the plan of forces, generating interrelationships. From this, the modes of disciplinary interaction emerge as a line of escape, producing new assemblages characterized by the perspectives and proposals listed by the professionals. Through this mapping, the importance of the modes of disciplinary interaction in the FHt practice was evident, mainly as a response to the micropolitics of living labor in health with a focus on lightweight technologies.
Indicadores no contexto da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Leme Pedro Augusto Thiene , Seiffert Otília Maria Lúcia Barbosa
Published: July 2021

Resumo Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre os indicadores de serviço relacionados ao campo da odontologia no Brasil. Partiu-se da seguinte questão de pesquisa: os indicadores utilizados em estudos que tiveram como objeto os serviços odontológicos no SUS, são coerentes com o paradigma de promoção de saúde defendido pela Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal ou se restringem ao escopo tradicional de programação dos serviços? A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Scielo e Bireme, compreendendo artigos revisados por pares publicados entre os anos de 2004 e 2018, resultando em amostra final de 21 artigos. Os artigos foram lidos na íntegra e foram extraídas informações sobre os indicadores utilizados, posteriormente categorizados e analisados. Os resultados evidenciam que, embora a diversidade de indicadores seja capaz de representar aspectos relevantes da realidade, de forma geral desconsideram a categoria do cuidado e atributos do conceito de promoção de saúde, além de existir uma carência de indicadores de resultados, que permitiriam avaliar o impacto da política sobre as demandas dos usuários.
(Re)existência e potência de vida: práticas integrativas e complementares em saúde para presos
Authors: Lena Marisangela Spolaôr , Gonçalves Tonantzin Ribeiro
Published: July 2021

Resumo Este trabalho objetivou discutir como as Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde (PICS) têm sido uma possibilidade de saúde e existência a presos que frequentam a Associação Cultural de Desenvolvimento do Apenado e Egresso (ACUDA) de Porto Velho, RO. Foi realizada uma pesquisa etnográfica durante quatro meses envolvendo observação participante das atividades diárias promovidas pela Associação, bem como entrevistas em profundidade com presos e funcionários. A ACUDA atendia cerca de noventa presos do sistema fechado, oriundos de três casas prisionais da cidade. A rotina diária incluía, além da oferta de PICS, atividades laborais, educacionais, de lazer e espirituais. A partir de uma leitura pós-estruturalista dos dados e enfocando as trajetórias de dois presos, discute-se que as PICS se apresentavam como potencializadoras de vida. As PICS agenciavam potência de vida a partir de Práticas de Afeto, de Cuidado, de Liberdade e de Cidadania, as quais demonstraram ser uma importante ferramenta de mudança, abrindo outras possibilidades de vida e sentido aos presos. Discute-se que, para que haja uma reintegração social efetiva dos presos, práticas como estas, que almejam a transformação individual, precisam ser aliadas a mudanças de cunho social que reconheçam a cidadania e os direitos dessas pessoas.
Aspectos clínicos de pacientes infanto-juvenis em terapia nutricional enteral domiciliar: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Oliveira João Paulo Lima de , Silva Cynthia Francisca Xavier Costa de Assis , Ferreira Lívia Garcia , Teixeira Lílian Gonçalves
Published: July 2021

Resumo A Terapia Nutricional Enteral Domiciliar é um método eficaz para garantir o aporte nutricional de um indivíduo em seu domicílio. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo foi investigar os aspectos clínicos comumente recorrentes em pacientes pediátricos em terapia nutricional enteral domiciliar. A pesquisa de artigos foi realizada por meio das bases de dados: Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciElo) e US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed) utilizando as seguintes palavras-chaves: ‘home enteral nutrition’, ‘home tube feeding’ e ‘children’. Foram selecionados 16 estudos realizados nos países: Brasil, Chile, Espanha, França, Holanda, Itália, Polônia e Monte Sinai, os quais trouxeram evidências que as principais condições clínicas relatadas para a indicação na terapia nutricional enteral domiciliar são as doenças neurológicas, neoplasias em geral e doenças do trato gastrointestinal. Apenas dois estudos abordaram os aspectos negativos da terapia domiciliar que são os episódios de engasgos, tosse, vômitos, diarreia e constipação intestinal. Deste modo, por meio das condições clínicas relatadas observa-se que a indicação da TNED é essencial para estes pacientes, podendo preveni-los da desnutrição hospitalar, diminuição do tempo de permanência, reinternações e redução dos custos hospitalares, além de trazer maior conforto para o paciente pediátrico por estar mais próximo dos familiares.
The Production of the Sexual Difference in Physical Education: Problematizing Naturalizations
Authors: Carmargo Eric Seger de , Nardi Henrique Caetano
Published: July 2021

Abstract Researches that describe the anatomy and physiology of human movement have aimed to produce knowledge comparing women’s and men’s physical capacities, concerned with specifying and describing “sex differences.” One of the consequences of this kind of research is that it influences teaching processes in human motion disciplines for physical educators, producing gender-marked bodies. This article uses Foucauldian discourse analysis to question how the production of sex differences is present in scientific studies dedicated to studying athletic performance that propose comparisons between sexes in strength performance. Through this analysis, we aim to describe and analyse how the epistemologies of sex and gender involved in these productions reinforce naturalised ideas of what it means to be a man and a woman, as well as question the social intelligibility of body/gender/sexuality that regulates sex/gender in our culture and in science.
Psychosocial Care Centers and the profile of pervasive developmental disorder cases in Brazil, 2014-2017
Authors: Tomazelli Jeane , Fernandes Conceição
Published: July 2021

Abstract The study describes the profile of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) attended at the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) and professionals from these establishments in Brazil and regions. It uses data from the Outpatient Information System of the Unified Health System (SIA/SUS) and the National System of Health Establishments System (SCNES) in 2014-2017. The SIA/SUS was deterministically linked with the SCNES, based on the establishment number. PDD cases were individualized using a variable coded SUS card; 18,852 diagnoses of PDD were recorded in CAPS, most of them by spontaneous demand, 73.2% performed in CAPSi, 50.3% in the age group of 1-6 years old, 80% male and highest proportions of females over 13 years (p <0.001). PDD was not specified in 54.3% of the diagnoses; autistic disorder was the most common PDD (27.2%). Professional teams vary by CAPS type; Procedures of communicative practices and psychosocial rehabilitation were not expressive (10.3%). It was concluded that studies are necessary to clarify a high spontaneous demand, to understand treatment outside CAPSi and to define parameters to evaluate if the procedures used are appropriated for the therapeutic project and possibilities monitoring and evaluate the care of people with PDD.
"De mão-em-mão tramando redes e normas: a vida social das pílulas anticoncepcionais, a partir de suas bulas"
Authors: Dias Tania Maria , Bonan Claudia , Maksud Ivia , Rodrigues Andreza Pereira
Published: July 2021

Resumo Com o objetivo de descortinar aspectos da vida social das pílulas anticoncepcionais, o artigo analisou o conteúdo de suas bulas publicados no guia de medicamentos Dicionário de Especialidades Farmacêuticas (DEF), entre 1971 e 1990. Procuramos explorar os discursos veiculados nesses dispositivos - a quem se dirigiam, o que propunham e que efeitos pretendiam - e compreender como contribuíram e o que nos revelaram sobre o seu percurso biográfico. As bulas se comportaram como importantes veículos de intercomunicação entre os atores que participaram da trajetória desses medicamentos, desde sua produção pela da indústria farmacêutica, até chegarem às suas consumidoras finais, as mulheres, passando também por médicos, enfermeiros, farmacêuticos, donos e balconistas de farmácias e transitando entre consultórios, serviços de saúde, entidades de planejamento familiar, estabelecimentos comerciais, lares e bolsas femininas. Nessa enorme cadeia de associações produzidas pelas pílulas, as bulas contribuíram para a geração de um mínimo denominador comum que permitiu a normalização e naturalização das práticas de controle da fecundidade hormonal e para a formação do mercado - não só no sentido econômico, mas em sentido sociológico, como redes de interações e trocas, onde circularam bens que agregaram a um só tempo valores econômicos, simbólicos e normativos.
O cuidado com gestantes que usam drogas: análise de práticas em políticas públicas de saúde no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Macedo Fernanda dos Santos de , Moutian Ilana , Machado Paula Sandrine
Published: July 2021

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo debater práticas de cuidado com gestantes usuárias de drogas nas políticas públicas, considerando o modo como relações de gênero influenciam as práticas de saúde. Partimos de uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada em uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica de um Hospital público e em um Consultório na Rua, no Rio Grande do Sul, focando na atenção voltada a gestantes que fazem uso de crack nesses espaços. Fundamentamo-nos teoricamente em estudos feministas interseccionais e descoloniais, bem como na noção de Economia Moral. O uso de drogas para fins recreativos por mulheres é comumente considerado inapropriado e motivo de estigmatizações, pois, ao afastarem-se da normatividade do que se espera sobre ser mulher, elas são, geralmente, julgadas moralmente. Junto a isso, a análise aponta para o modo como a produção biopolítica de um imaginário único sobre a maternidade incide nas maneiras segundo as quais as políticas públicas operam em relação às mulheres, o que se torna um ponto fundamental ao se considerar o contexto social no qual elas estão inseridas. Assim, o artigo destaca a importância de análises interseccionais de gênero, raça e classe no campo das políticas públicas de drogas.
Does the Age at Which a Consumer Gets Their First Credit Matter? Credit Bureau Entry Age and First Credit Type Effects on Credit Score
Authors: Nathe Lucas
Published: July 2021

The consumer credit market plays a prominent role in the financial life of U.S. households. Consumers' credit histories and, in particular their credit scores, are key factors that determine their access to credit and the price at which they borrow.
Sexual Size Dimorphism, Ovipositioning, and Hatching in Leiocephalus macropus asbolomus (Squamata: Leiocephalidae) in Alexander von Humboldt National Park in Eastern Cuba
Authors: Alfonso Yasel U. , Fajardo Gabriel , Suarez Eric , Krysko Kenneth L.
Published: July 2021

The endemic Antillean family Leiocephalidae includes 28 currently recognized extant species in the genus Leiocephalus. These are distributed across Hispaniola, Cuba, and various islands and cays in the Bahamas. Sexual size dimorphism (SSD)  is a fundamental and widespread biological phenomenon generally attributed to sexual differences  in relationships between body size, survival, fecunditty, and mating success. Six species with 40 subspecies are known from Cuba. Few data are available regarding SSD and reproduction. Herein we report new life-history data and the sexual size dimorphism index (SSDI) in Leiocephalus macropus asbolomus. Fieldwork was performed  during mid-August 2009 iin La Melba (Alexander von Humboldt National Park), HolguinProvince, Cuba. All males were larger in size then females and the SSDI (1.44) is the highest reported ffor any species of Leiocephalus. Egg measurments averaged 18.2 x 12.7 mml mean clutch size was 3. Eggs took 61-72 days to hatch; mean incubation time was 66.5 days, and mean hatchling SVL was 30.1 mm.
Notes on Reproduction of the Cuban Lesser Racer, Caraiba andreae (Squamata: Dipsadidae)
Authors: Rodríguez-Cabrera Tomás M. , Leyva Alexander Arango , Savall Ernesto Morell , Torres Javier , Marrero Ruben
Published: July 2021

The reproductive biology of the Cuban Lesser Racer (Caraiba andreae) is very poorly known, despite the species being among the most common and widely distributed snakes in Cuba. Herein we provide data obtained mostly in captivity on eggs and hatchlings, incubation time, hatching behavior, and courtship behavior.
An overview of the past, present, and future of the Cuban Boa, Chilabothrus angulifer (Squamata: Boidae)
Authors: Rodríguez-Cabrera Tomás M. , Marrero Ruben , Torres Javier
Published: July 2021

On oceanic islands, where carnivorous mammals are frequently absent, the niches of large predators are often filled by raptors and reptiles. Cuban Boas (Chilabothrus angulifer), along with Cuban Crocodiles (Crocodylus rhombifer) and large birds of prey, were the top predators in the Cenozoic terrestrial ecosystems of Cuba until the arrival of Homo sapiens in the region about 6,000 years ago. This ecological scenario of large boas in the genus Chilabothrus functioning as top predators in terrestrial ecosystems is repeated on each of the largest islands of the Greater Antilles. The evolution of very large size in the Cuban Boa is best explained as phyletic giantism (Cope’s Rule), although other paleo-ecological selective factors might have maintained or even accentuated the evolutionary trend toward large body size (insular giantism). However, this seems not to be the case for all species of Chilabothrus, since the evolution of a small body size is repeated in several lineages, a phenomenon that is best explained by autamorphic nanism (Island Rule). Unfortunately, the negative effects of humans on natural populations of the Cuban Boa apparently have induced a dramatic reduction in maximum body size even during the relatively short period since the first reliable measurements were recorded in the 19th century. Such a reduction in body size is consistent with that reported for other West Indian reptiles and is probably indicative of rapid evolution in response to a highly modified environment with new selective pressures.
Asian Black-spined Toads (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) in Australia
Authors: Mo Matthew
Published: July 2021

With increasing numbers of Asian Black-spined Toads (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) found at Australian seaports and airports since 1999, this species could become Australia’s second invasive toad. Introductions of D. melanostictus have already occurred in other countries, with inadvertent stowaways the principal cause. Three recent incursions have been documented in suburban areas of Sydney and Melbourne.
Herpetofauna of Cayo Carenas, Cienfuegos Bay, south-central Cuba
Authors: Rodríguez-Cabrera Tomás M. , Rodríguez González Alejandro M , Torres Javier
Published: July 2021

The herpetofauna inhabiting the keys in Cienfuegos Bay in south-central Cuba is virtually unknown. Herein we provide the results of the first rapid inventory performed on Cayo Carenas during the summer of 2016. We found 12 reptilian species in seven families on the key. We also discuss the ecology and the most plausible biogeographic origins for some of the species.
Validation of manual blood culture bottles v1
Authors: Ombelet Sien , Hardy Liselotte , Jacobs Jan
Published: July 2021

Use of equipment-free, “manual” blood cultures is still widespread in low-resource settings, as requirements for implementation of automated systems are often not met. Quality of manual blood culture bottles currently on the market, however, is usually unknown. An acceptable quality in terms of yield and speed of growth can be ensured by evaluating the bottles using simulated blood cultures. In these experiments, bottles from different systems are inoculated in parallel with blood and a known quantity of bacteria. Based on literature review and personal experiences, we propose a short and practical protocol for an efficient evaluation of manual blood culture bottles, aimed at research or reference laboratories in low-resource settings. This laboratory protocol was used in a study for Médecins Sans Frontières' Mini-Lab project, which aims to bring clinical bacteriology to low-resource settings. Three bottle types were evaluated in this study; two "manual" blood culture bottles and one automated system.
Modeling acute visceral pain in adult zebrafish v1
Authors: Costa Fabiano , Rosemberg Denis
Published: July 2021

This protocol describes a reliable procedure for assessing acute pain responses in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) based on the abdominal writhing-like phenotype following a single intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid. The method is an inexpensive, fast, and easy-to-use protocol for measuring pain-like responses in adult zebrafish. The protocol involves five steps: analyses of baseline behavior, drug injection, post-injection recordings of behavior, euthanasia, and data analyses/interpretation. Intraperitoneal injection of 2.5–5.0% acetic acid elicits a robust pain-like behavior by changing zebrafish body curvature, which can be easily quantified using freely available imaging software. This response is sensitive to pharmacological manipulations, as morphine prevents altered body curvature, while naloxone blocks these effects. Pretreatment with diclofenac sodium (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used as an analgesic) also prevents writhing-like behavior. Demonstrating high predictive and face validity, this unbiased protocol can be performed over the course of ~2 days, enabling a reliable assessment of acute pain-like responses in zebrafish, thus fostering in-depth analyses of complex pain-related mechanisms and anti-pain drug discovery.
COL4A IP for MS v1
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Cameron , Drown Bryon , Kelleher Neil
Published: July 2021

Immunoprecipitation of Collagen IV for mass spectrometry.
Troponin I IP for MS v1
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Cameron , Drown Bryon , Kelleher Neil
Published: July 2021

Immunoprecipitation of Troponin I for mass spectrometry.
FEATURES OF COMPONENT INTERACTION IN LIQUID ALLOYS OF TERNARY Al-Ge-3d-Me (Me = Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu) SYSTEMS
Authors: Kotova N. , Usenko N. , Golovata N.
Published: July 2021

The features of the component interaction in liquid alloys of ternary Al-Ge-3d-Me systems (Me = Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu) are described. A joint analysis of the concentration dependences of the enthalpies of mixing of liquid alloys previously obtained by the authors via high-temperature calorimetry, and also of the phase diagrams of the constituent binary systems was carried out. The relationship between the enthalpy values and the type of short-range ordering in liquid alloys of the studied systems was established. The visual similarity of the topology of the projections of ΔmH isolines of the Al-Ge-Fe (Ni, Cu) liquid alloys and a completely different course of the isolines of the enthalpies of mixing for the liquid Al-Ge-Mn alloys are established. The changes in the absolute values of the ΔmHmin from system to system are observed. The enthalpies are approximately the same for the Al-Ge-Mn and Al-Ge-Fe systems (about -20 kJ⋅mol-1), they increase significantly from Al-Ge-Fe to Al-Ge-Ni (-50 kJ⋅mol-1), and then decrease substantially towards the Al-Ge-Cu system (-15 kJ⋅mol-1). For the Al-Ge-Mn (Fe, Ni, Cu) liquid alloys the lines of extreme interaction are located near the 3d-corner of the concentration triangle. These lines connect the compositions of the most stable intermetallic compounds in binary Al(Ge)-Mn(Fe, Ni, Cu) systems. It has been shown that the thermodynamic properties of Al-Ge-Fe (Ni, Cu) liquid alloys are mainly determined by the pair interaction of the components of the constituent binary Al-Fe(Ni, Cu) and Ge-Fe(Ni, Cu) systems, the influence of Al-Fe(Ni, Cu) systems being prevailed. For the Al-Ge-Mn system, the interaction of components in the Ge-Mn binary system gives the main contribution to the thermodynamic properties of the ternary system. The Al-Ge-Mn (Fe, Cu) systems are characterized by significantly lower absolute values of the heats of alloy formation compared to the Al-Ge-Ni one. The specified characteristics of component interaction in the ternary systems under consideration and different values of the enthalpies of mixing are determined by the peculiarities and regular changes of the electronic structure of 3d metals across the 3d series from Mn to Cu.
Verbal magic and healing charms in Glasgow University Library Ferguson MS 147
Authors: De la Cruz-Cabanillas Isabel
Published: July 2021

Manuscript Ferguson MS 147, a fifteenth-century volume written in Middle English and housed in Glasgow University Library, contains a copy of the Antidotarium Nicholai, a sarum calendar and a medical compilation which includes medical recipes, prognostic texts, and healing charms. Our interest is placed on the charms in the medical recipe collection found in folios 63r–159v. Following earlier studies on the charm genre, we will characterise the medical charms found in Ferguson MS 147 from a linguistic standpoint. This touches upon the use of language and other technical features, such as the presence of code-switching, the use of specialised symbols and characters, and the terminology used by the scribe to refer to the genre, among others. Concerning textual tradition, we also aim to examine whether the healing charms present variation, even if small, with earlier described charms. From a methodological point of view, the comparison includes contrasting our material with other edited compilations of charms.
Exeter Book Riddles 48 and 59 and the Malmesbury Ciborium
Authors: Breeze Andrew
Published: July 2021

Most commentators on Riddles 48 and 59 in the tenth-century Exeter Book relate them to church plate, the solution supposedly being a gold paten or chalice or pyx. Yet these answers are not compelling. Problems remain. Recent discussion of the Malmesbury Ciborium and other twelfth-century ciboria in London or New York now permits a fresh approach. The solution to both Old English riddles will be ciborium, a vessel of precious metal used to contain consecrated wafers or hosts at the eucharist. The Malmesbury Ciborium and similar pieces make this clear. Round and made of gold, they had a shorter and squatter outline than a chalice; they possessed lids, inscriptions, and representations of Bible scenes (the Crucifixion amongst them); they were yet larger than a pyx (used not in services but to carry a few wafers only, as on visits to the sick). These aspects parallel those of the object in the two riddles: a ring-like item of gold which is gazed upon and revered by people in a hall, which makes no noise and yet conveys a message of salvation, and which (in the second riddle) displays Christ’s wounds. If this analysis is sound, it deepens understanding of early English poetry. It also informs us on Anglo-Saxon goldsmiths, who produced magnificent works of art (as the literary sources prove) now lost, the gold having long been melted down for the purpose of exchange or as loot. Study of the two poems indicates as well how philologists and experts on material culture can work together, especially for the Exeter Book’s other riddles.
Old English verbs of learning: Information and knowledge acquisition
Authors: Lacalle Palacios Miguel
Published: July 2021

The aim of this article is to provide an inventory of Old English verbs belonging to the class of learning on the grounds of their common semantic components and shared grammatical behavior. The framework of verb classes and alternations and Role and Reference Grammar provide the theoretical basis for this study. Both textual and lexicographical sources have been used to select the data for the analysis of the linking between semantics and syntax with these verbs. The main conclusion of the article is that, considering the constructions and alternations in which they are found in Old English, the verbs (ge)frignan, (ge)leornian, ofācsian, and onfindan are the best candidates for membership of the class of verbs of learning.
Prevalence of sleep disorders in children 3-7 years of age in perm
Authors: Anisimov G. V. , Kalashnikova T. P. , Bezdomnikova E. V.
Published: July 2021

Objective. The article analyzes the clinical features of sleep in preschoolers aged 3-7 years in the city of Perm on the basis of a continuous questionnaire method. Materials and methods. The presence of complaints related to sleep at the time of the survey was substantiated in 45 % of children of the younger age group (from 3 to 5 years) and 41 % of children in the older age group (from 5 to 7 years). Results. Sexual dimorphism manifested itself in a significant dominance of intrasomnic disturbances with frequent awakenings and increased motor activity during sleep in older boys. Nocturnal pains and / or cramps in the leg muscles prevailed in girls of the older age group. In the structure of parasomnias in Perm preschool children, there predominated nightmares (16.5 %), night fears (13.3 %), bruxism (14.8 %), sleepwalking (12.8 %), enuresis (8.2 %). Every fifth child of preschool age had sleep with an open mouth, snoring or puffing, hyperhidrosis during sleep and chronic adenotonsillar pathology, which does not exclude the presence of obstructive sleep apnea / hypopnea syndrome in this category of children. Conclusions. Sleep disorders were noted in a quarter of children under one year of age, manifested by difficult falling asleep, restless sleep and sleep inversion, which can be a marker of both disorders of maturation of chronobiological mechanisms and a high percentage of childhood behavioral insomnia.
Developing an Electrically Sensitive Ultrasound Enhancing Agent
Authors:   , Cimorelli Michael , Wrenn Steven P
Published: July 2021

In this work, a novel class of ultrasound enhancing agent (UEA) is developed and characterized in vitro and in vivo. This novel class of UEA combines phase change agents (PCAs) and a nested architecture to create a nested PCA (NPCA). PCAs are sub-micron liquid spheres encapsulated by a surfactant coating that acoustically vaporize, becoming echogenic, upon exposure to sufficient ultrasonic energy. Nesting is performed via a double emulsion synthesis that results in the formation of a phospholipid bilayer that encapsulates an internal aqueous phase. The objective of creating an NPCA is to address short comings and clinical limitations of current U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved UEAs.
Medical Student Stress and Wellness Programs
Authors:   , Sandfort Donna , Phillips Joy C.
Published: July 2021

Medical students experience a high degree of stress, which can impact their emotional, psychological, and physical health and also negatively affect their academic performance. Medical educators, accrediting bodies, and policymakers are aware of this growing problem, and medical schools have instituted wellness programs with varying components including academic support, physical wellbeing, social extracurricular activities, psychological support services, student interest groups, faculty advising, and student mentoring programs. The purpose of this explanatory, sequential, mixed-methods research study was to examine medical students' perceived stress levels and their participation in wellness program initiatives that are instituted as a means of promoting medical student wellbeing. The research questions addressed in this study included (a) To what extent do medical students experience stress?, (b) Is there a significant difference in medical students' perceived stress level by demographics (class year, gender, age, race/ethnicity?, (c) In which school-sponsored wellness activities do medical students choose to participate to help them manage the stress associated with being a medical student?, and (d) How do medical students describe the role of different medical school-sponsored wellness programs as a means of reducing stress? This explanatory, sequential, mixed-methods research study surveyed 1,057 medical students at a large, urban, private, not-for-profit, Mid-Atlantic medical school during the dominant, quantitative phase. The qualitative phase then utilized a focus group interview to help clarify the results. This study helped increase the current knowledge base regarding how medical students utilize wellness programs to manage stress. Participants revealed sources of stress include high volume of work, lack of time, observing patient suffering, and the recent unanticipated changes related to the COVID-19 situation. Findings also indicated manifestations of stress include worry, fear, sleep disorders, appetite loss, weight loss, and lack of personal care. Furthermore, students provided insight into the positive and negative perceptions of wellness programs. This study helped increase the current knowledge base regarding how medical students utilize wellness programs to manage stress.
Investigating the Effect of Sonication Power on the Formation and Structure of Crystalsomes
Authors:   , Griffith Charles , Cheng Hao
Published: July 2021

Crystalsomes are considered to have a shape symmetry incommensurate crystal structure where one of their lattice directions breaks from translational symmetry. Previous work on crystalsomes have demonstrated their unique structure allows for advantageous mechanical and biomedical properties that give promise to future use as a nano transporter. However, there are still several areas of crystalsome that still need to be examined in order to ensure that optimal performance is achieved. In this work, we will examine the effect that altering probe sonication power has on the formation of crystalsomes. The resultant crystalsomes will then be examined through scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and gel permeation chromatography. Results from the experiments suggest there is a lower limit to the sonication power needed to form crystalsomes. Next, we examine future experiments that build off the results of the aforementioned experiment. First, we briefly examine initial experimental data on altering the solvent used during crystalsome formation. Specifically, data from gel permeation chromatography and dynamic light scattering are examined to get a preliminary evidence of on how altering the solvent effects crystalsome formation. Finally, we examine initial permeability data for crystalsomes of varying sizes to optimize release properties for intravenous drug delivery.