bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of palliative care education and training for GPs in Yangon, Myanmar: a workshop success
Authors: Kandola Kerran , Oo Myint
Published: June 2020

Background

Palliative care is an important but often overlooked component of primary care. In Myanmar, early emergence of palliative care is being seen, however no formal community-based services yet exist. Present challenges include resource scarcity and inadequate education and training.

Aim

Our goal was to improve understanding and approach towards palliative care by GPs in Yangon.

Method

An initial survey was performed among 42 GPs in Yangon, Mandalay, and Meiktila in March 2019 demonstrating a gap in current training needs and willingness by GPs for this to be improved. A 2-day workshop, the first ever of its kind, was subsequently designed and held for 20 local GPs, consisting of interactive seminars delivered in Burmese.

Results

Improvement in knowledge and confidence were used as measures of success. A true/false-style quiz was distributed pre- and post-workshop demonstrating a mean total score improvement of 15%. Self-reported confidence rating scores regarding confidence when: 1) managing palliative patients; 2) providing holistic care; and 3) breaking bad news, increased by a mean of 25%.

Conclusion

The greatest outcome from this workshop, by far, was the enthusiasm and awareness it generated, support was even gained from the President of the Myanmar Medical Association despite his initial reservations about developing this area. Ultimately, the workshop behaved as an advocate for the introduction of a regular palliative care lecture into the local Diploma in Family Medicine curriculum; it also spurred a group of GPs to further this work and turn the workshop into a regular teaching event.
Evaluating interprofessional education: initial learning from a domestic abuse conference
Authors: Yardley Cheryl , Hynes Karen , Charley Andrew , Sirkia-Weaver Sari , Critcher Julie , Hughes Lorna , Banks Emma , Arnott Jane , Woodhouse Tim , Lyttle Anne
Published: June 2020

Background

The importance of multi-agency working to identify, prevent and reduce domestic abuse is widely recognised. Interprofessional learning opportunities can provide a supportive learning environment for multi-agency practitioners to explore and develop collaborative approaches to improve health outcomes for vulnerable children, young people and their families.

Participants drawn from Kent GP trainees, student Health Visitors, School Nurses, Midwives, Social Workers, student Teachers and Special Educational Needs Coordinators (SENCOs), and postgraduate Police Officers attended this sixth annual conference.

Aim

To enable participants to understand why domestic abuse is a serious public health issue; identify indicators of domestic violence and abuse; identify opportunities for safe enquiry and know how to respond; critically reflect on ethical, legal, professional and interprofessional challenges for practitioners; and reflect on and explore opportunities for inter-professional working.

Method

Multi-disciplinary educators delivered formal presentations and facilitated interprofessional workshops.

Data from anonymised pre- and post- conference questionnaires distributed on the day, included quantitative questions using a Likert scale 1–5 and open and closed qualitative questions.

Results

In total, 75 out of a possible 121 participants completed both questionnaires (62%). The above aims were all met. In all questions participants gave higher scores after the conference indicating increased levels of knowledge and confidence. The qualitative comments highlighted the learning benefits from interprofessional group work. 100% (average score 4.5) agreed that facilitators fostered a supportive learning environment.

Conclusion

The conference provided a highly valued opportunity for useful interprofessional learning about domestic abuse. Results indicated that it increased participants’ knowledge and confidence about their own and others’ roles and responsibilities.
Achieving better quality care in general practice: are incentives the answer?
Authors: Ahmed Kanwal , Hashim Salma , Khankhara Mariyam , Said Ilhan , Shandakumar Amrita , Zaman Sadia , Veiga Andre
Published: June 2020

Background

The introduction of financial incentives, such as the quality and outcomes framework (QOF), historically lead to improvements in standardising practice. However, with shifting demands on healthcare providers, are these schemes still enough to drive high-quality care?

Aim

To explore current incentives, intrinsic and extrinsic, their role and effectiveness in improving quality of care and how they are perceived by GPs.

Method

Mixed methods study using two systematic literature reviews including 44 papers and 18 semi-structured interviews with GPs.

Results

In the literature, QOF was associated with reduced socioeconomic inequalities, decreased mortality and improved outcomes. However, the absence of control groups and the simultaneous analysis of multiple indicators complicates the findings. GPs agreed with the literature and viewed financial incentives as beneficial, however, they felt the key driver in providing good-quality care was their intrinsic motivation. Financial incentives were found to contribute to depersonalised care, diluted provision of non-incentivised activities and hindered overall practice. The results from the second literature review were in keeping with the views of the participants. They illustrated the importance of managing factors contributing to physician burnout, reduced performance, and low job satisfaction, which can result in the provision of low-quality care.

Conclusion

Financial incentives have the potential to induce behaviour change, however, their use in quality improvement is limited when used alone. If used in an environment that nurtures intrinsic motivation, healthcare providers will be more driven to achieve a higher quality of care and will be better able to cope with shifting demands.
Inequalities in suicide rates associated with deprivation in England from 2004 to 2019
Authors: Hodgson Sam , Hodgson Jack
Published: June 2020

Background

Although addressing inequality has been a public and political priority for decades, inequalities in health, wealth, and other societal domains persist in England. In Ireland, rates of suicide are twice as high in the most deprived decile of society compared with the least deprived. Trends in the association between deprivation and suicide in England are unclear.

Aim

To describe the relationship between deprivation and suicide in England in 2019 and analyse trends in this relationship over time.

Method

Data on rate of suicide and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for each local authority in England for 2018 and 2004 were obtained from the Office for National Statistics’ publicly available databases. The mean suicide rate for each quintile of deprivation was calculated, and means compared using ANOVA. The correlation coefficients between IMD and suicide rate were calculated for both 2004 and 2019. Steiger’s test was used to compare coefficients over time.

Results

In 2019, the suicide rate in the least deprived quintile was 8.7 per 100 000 person-years, compared with 8.3 in 2004. This increased across each quintile to 11.1 suicides per 100 000 person-years in the most deprived quintile in 2019 (ANOVA: P<0.001), and to 11.7 in 2004 (ANOVA: P<0.001). The correlation coefficient between IMD and suicide rate in 2004 was 0.43, compared with 0.33 in 2019. Steiger’s test demonstrated no significant difference between coefficients over time (P = 0.16).

Conclusion

Suicide is associated with deprivation in England. Despite significant research and policy effort, there has been no improvement in this association between 2004 and 2019.
Management of gout and adherence to current guidelines in general practice surgery
Authors: Kempny Agnes , Martin Jamie
Published: June 2020

Background

Gout is one of the most common inflammatory joint diseases in the UK managed by GPs. The recent (2017) guideline of the British Society for Rheumatology (BSR) changed the recommendation for urate-lowering therapy (ULT) and now advises it after the first episode of gout, whereas it previously recommended after the second one. Moreover, the BSR now also recommends screening and management of risk factors of gout.

Aim

To audit contemporary management of gout and adherence to the new BSR guideline in a large GP practice.

Method

The audit identified all patients diagnosed with gout between 1 July 2017 and 1 May 2019. Pharmacological gout management, lifestyle advice, and management of risk factors were assessed, including body mass index (BMI), systemic blood pressure (BP), and HbA1c.

Results

The audit included 104 patients, 26.9% female, mean age 63.8 years at the age of diagnosis. Uric acid was raised in all patients (mean 469 um/L). Most patients (68%) had abnormal BMI (mean 30.4), whereas BP, cholesterol, and HbA1C were normal in the majority of patients (in 78%, 75%, and 90%, respectively); however, all of these parameters were normal in just 17% of patients. Lifestyle advice was given to 46 (44.2%) patients while allopurinol was prescribed, and overall in 21 (20.2%) patients. More patients were managed with colchicine (40.2%) and naproxen (56.7%).

Conclusion

Most patients diagnosed with a first gout attack have risk factors of gout and require their management. Overall, allopurinol is prescribed in a fifth of patients, which may be related to patients’ preferences, strict adherence to lifestyle modification only, or presence of contraindications to allopurinol. This requires, however, further assessment.
Should diverticulitis be managed in primary care? An audit on the management of diverticulitis in primary care.
Authors: Kiandee Miraen , Sripada Rajani
Published: June 2020

Background

The prevalence of diverticulosis and acute diverticulitis is increasing in developed countries. For those with diverticulosis the lifetime risk of developing acute diverticulitis is about 4–25%. Mild, uncomplicated diverticulitis can be, and often is, managed safely in a primary care setting, avoiding unnecessary admission.

Aim

To evaluate management of suspected diverticulitis in primary care against standards set by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and review admission rates following primary care management.

Method

An electronic search on EMIS Web using Read codes ‘diverticulitis’, ‘diverticulosis’, and ‘diverticular disease’, with a specified period of 2017–2019. All consultations with suggestions of an infective flare of diverticular disease were included in the study. Clinical data from the consultations were extracted and retrospectively audited.

Results

A total of 64 patients were identified with diverticular disease or diverticulosis. Of those, 42% (n = 27) presented to primary care with presenting complaints suspicious of diverticulitis. A total of 64 consultations were reviewed, as several patients presented more than once in the study period. Of the consultations reviewed, 12.5% (n = 8) resulted in referral to the surgical assessment unit. Antibiotics were prescribed after 68.4% (n = 39) of consultations. Bloods for inflammatory markers were performed after 19.3% (n = 11) of consultations. Only 3.5% (n = 2) of patients were reviewed within the recommended 48-hour timeframe. Only 3.5% (n = 2) of patients subsequently deteriorated and required admission.

Conclusion

The management of diverticulitis in this primary care centre is not fully concordant with NICE guidelines. There is a need to improve adherence, in particular antibiotic regimen when deciding to prescribe antibiotics.
Análisis de métodos de corrección de errores para mejorar la habilidad de escritura
Authors: Flores Galeano Jennifer Karina , Barriga Fray Luis Fernando , Barriga Fray Johanna Isabel , Cabezas Llerena Kerly Yesennia
Published: June 2020

En esta investigación se analizaron los métodos de corrección para mejorar el desarrollo de las habilidades de escritura en los estudiantes de Inglés del Tercer año de Educación Básica paralelo “A” de la Unidad Educativa “José María Román” del año lectivo 2017 – 2018. Los objetivos fueron identificar cómo el maestro aplica métodos de corrección para mejorar la habilidad de escritura en los estudiantes; y describir sus beneficios. Para alcanzarlos, se utilizaron el método etnográfico y la técnica de observación aplicados a 35 estudiantes de la mencionada Unidad Educativa. Los principales resultados mostraron que la ausencia en la aplicación de métodos de corrección afecta al desarrollo de la destreza de la escritura en los estudiantes, que los métodos de corrección como peer-corrección, self-correction, y error code permiten mejorar la escritura en los estudiantes y el aprendizaje del idioma Inglés, dependiendo en cómo el profesor los aplica.
ЧИННИКИ ЗМІЦНЕННЯ ЗДОРОВ’Я У КОНТЕКСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ГОТОВНОСТІ КУРСАНТІВ ДО САМОЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ В ПРОЦЕСІ НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Таймасов Ю. С.
Published: June 2020

У статті розглядаються фактори зміцнення здоров’я курсантів під час навчання у профільних вищих навчальних закладах. Проведено аналіз наукових праць щодо «готовності» у площині вивчення психологічних, педагогічних особливостей у напрямках: готовність до діяльності в екстремальних умовах, до праці, навчання, педагогічної діяльності, готовність військовослужбовців, спортсменів; професійна та управлінська готовність. Наведено авторське тлумачення поняття, «готовності до самозбереження» є стан особистості, який має складну динамічну компонентну структуру, сприяє задоволенню її потреби у збереженні власного життя та здоров’я та реалізується у відповідному способі взаємодії з навколишнім середовищем (самозберігаючою поведінкою). Наведено компонентну структуру формування готовності курсантів до самозбереження та проведено аналіз анкетних даних та опитування, що показало низку проблем, які супроводжують цей процес; його факторами, є наступні: фізичні (наявність шкідливих звичок, дотримання режиму дня, перебування на свіжому повітрі, фізична активність); інтелектуальні (знання про здоров’я та чинники, що на нього впливають); сімейно-побутові (вік та спосіб життя батьків, склад та стосунки у сім’ї, місце та соціально-побутові умови проживання); емоційно-мотиваційні (стресостійкість, місце здоров’я у системі цінностей). Наведено чинники, що негативно впливаючи на зазначений процес, відповідно чинять негативний вплив і на здоров’я курсантів, а боротьба з ним є перспективним напрямком майбутніх наукових досліджень.
МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЯ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ТА ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ОСВІТИ В УКРАЇНІ: ЦИВІЛІЗАЦІЙНИЙ І НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ КОНТЕКСТ
Authors: Гавриш І. В. , Холтобіна О. У. , Юр’єва К. А.
Published: June 2020

У статті зазначено, що проблему аксіологічних імперативів державної освітньої політики у зв’язку з її комплексністю й системним характером розглядають представники різних галузей наукового знання – футурологи, філософи, педагоги, соціологи, економісти – у цивілізаційному та національному вимірах. Виявлено, що на етапі становлення демократично-споживчого суспільства (який сьогодні переживає наша країна) його аксіологічними орієнтирами є ринкові цінності – прибуток і попит платоспроможних споживачів. У цих умовах освіта розглядається як звичайний ринковий товар і через свою неприбутковість посідає в ієрархії суспільних цінностей досить низький щабель. При цьому відповідно до попиту держави як суспільного споживача заклади загальної середньої освіти обмежуються мінімальною академічною підготовкою учнів, основну увагу приділяючи їх соціалізації та професіоналізації. Визначено, що ринкова вимога мінімізації витрат на освіту негативно вплинула на її якість. Тож у другій половині ХХ ст. широка громадськість дізналася про феномен, з яким вже були обізнані спеціалісти, а саме, функціональну неграмотність населення високорозвинених країн. Охарактеризовано відбірково-поточну освітню модель, яку деякі західні вчені розглядають як інструмент не тільки професійної, а й соціальної селекції молоді. За цією моделлю, що ґрунтується на генетичній парадигмі здібностей, працювала в ХХ ст. значна кількість закладів загальної середньої освіти у високорозвинених країнах. У статті актуалізовано значущість врахування цивілізаційних тенденцій розвитку освіти для модернізації освіти України, до яких належить осучаснення освітньої галузі на засадах STEM-освіти, що передбачає її фундаменталізацію, формування в учнів і студентів узагальнювальних наскрізних знань природничо-математичного спрямування та інформаційно-цифрової компетентності, а також спроможності здійснювати наукові дослідження та розв’язувати інженерні завдання.
ГЕЙМІФІКАЦІЯ ЯК МЕТОД НАВЧАННЯ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ
Authors: Зеленська Л. Д. , Ковінько К. В.
Published: June 2020

Запровадження методу гейміфікації в ЗВО пов’язане з низкою питань, які зумовлені необхідністю якісної модернізації чинної системи вищої освіти. Однією з основних причин впровадження цього методу є необхідність підвищення рівня володіння англійською мовою, мотивації та інтересу сучасного студента до навчання англійської мови. У статті подано огляд підходів до тлумачення та розробки методу гейміфікації зарубіжними вченими. Доведено, що поширення цього методу в зарубіжній освітній практиці дозволяє розв’язувати низку проблем, пов’язаних із поширенням елементів смарт-освіти у вищій школі, реалізацією принципів трудності й доступності навчання, індивідуального підходу, оптимізації навчального процесу, а також підвищенням рівня зацікавленості предметом, формуванням у студентів умінь працювати в команді тощо. Акцентується увага на висновках зарубіжних учених про те, що метод гейміфікації є не лише дієвим способом набуття знань, але й має потужні важелі для формування в студентів навичок вирішення проблем, організації співпраці та комунікації. У дослідженні висвітлено різновиди методу гейміфікації (групова та індивідуальна форми), а також представлено результати педагогічного експерименту, що мав на меті виявлення впливу названого методу на підвищення рівня володіння англійською мовою студентів ЗВО у процесі навчання англійської мови та зміну їхньої мотивації до вивчення цієї навчальної дисципліни в поза аудиторний час. До педагогічного експерименту було залучено 40 студентів першого року навчання, що мали приблизно однаковий рівень знань з англійської мови. Експеримент тривав протягом навчального року. Студентів було розподілено на дві групи: експериментальну (ЕГ – 20 осіб) та контрольну (КГ – 20 осіб). Студентам експериментальної групи були завантажені на мобільні телефони додатки Lingvaleo, English LioDuo, Lingvist, EnglishDom, Ewa, якими вони активно користувалися впродовж навчального року. Студенти контрольної групи працювали без використання пропонованих додатків. Результати контрольного етапу експерименту зафіксували суттєве зростання рівня успішності студентів ЕГ у порівнянні з контрольною. До того ж студенти ЕГ, віддаючи перевагу таким додаткам, як Lingvaleo; English LioDuo; EnglishDom у навчанні англійської мови, методом самооцінки фіксували підвищення рівня пізнавального інтересу до вивчення цієї дисципліни у ЗВО. Отже, результати проведеного дослідження підтвердили висновки зарубіжних учених про ефективність застосування методу гейміфікації в освітньому процесі вищої школи, зокрема у навчанні англійської мови.
СУЧАСНІ ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ В СИСТЕМІ НАВЧАННЯ АРТИСТІВ БАЛЕТУ
Authors: Сяо Я Лон
Published: June 2020

У статті порушено проблему підвищення ефективності класичного тренажу в системі підготовки сучасних артистів балету. Традиційне виховання та вдосконалення виконавської майстерності ґрунтується на точному дотриманні суворих вимог при максимальних фізичних зусиллях щодо виконання рухів та вправ, що є запорукою отримання необхідного результату згідно з вимогами балетного мистецтва. Однак, зважаючи на його стрімкий розвиток та філософсько-психологічну спрямованість, навчання артистів балету, окрім традиційних академічних підходів, слід спрямовувати на соматичні практики, що досі не знайшло поширення в структурі класичного тренажу. В межах хореологічного та педагогічного наукового дискурсу визначення та обґрунтування сучасних педагогічних підходів у системі підготовки висококваліфікованих балетних виконавців не знайшло повноцінного висвітлення. З огляду на це, в дослідженні окреслено, проаналізовано та запропоновано умовні назви можливих педагогічних підходів до вдосконалення виконавської техніки артистів балету на уроці класичного танцю: «анатомічний» («біомеханічний») – ґрунтується на анатомічних та біомеханічних властивостях організму, реалізується шляхом досконалого тлумачення механізму роботи м’язів, зв’язок та суглобів, що відповідають за виконання того чи іншого руху; «кінестезичний» – ґрунтується на особистому відчутті рухів виконавцем, реалізується за рахунок власного «ставлення» танцівника до специфіки руху та його покрокового опанування через фокусування спочатку на різних його аспектах, а потім комплексному засвоєнні; «асоціативий» – ґрунтується на образному трактуванні рухів та вправ, реалізується за допомогою використання педагогом влучних порівняльних характеристик; «музично-ритмічний» («евритмічний») – ґрунтується на мелодико-ритмічних властивостях рухів, реалізується за рахунок м’язового відчуття ритму та мелодії, аналітичної ритмо-пластичної інтерпретації музики; індивідуальний – ґрунтується на особистих анатомічних, технічних та психологічних можливостях танцівника, реалізується шляхом урахування індивідуальних особливостей виконавця з метою виявлення найкращих можливостей та розвитку до необхідного рівня слабко виражених. У межах кожного із зазначених підходів (окрім «кінестезичного») виокремлено традиційний елемент та визначено шляхи до їх удосконалення, як засобу створення новаторського вектору у навчанні артистів балету. Обґрунтовано сенс «кінестезичного» підходу, як такого, що досі не використовувався в системі навчання артистів балету, та виявлено доцільність його застосування. Зроблено припущення, що сучасні педагогічні підходи сприятимуть реформуванню системи класичного тренажу, покликаного виховати універсального артиста балету, здатного усвідомлювати всі аспекти рухів і власні фізіологічні та психологічні відчуття під час їх виконання.
İtaat ve İttiba Kavramlarının Anlamsal Çerçevesi ve Kur’an’da Kullanımı
Authors: SADAN Hamza
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma, zaman zaman aynı manaların verildiği “itaat ve ittiba” kavramlarının önce anlam bakımından çerçevesini son-ra da bunların Kur’ân’da kullanımını konu edinmektedir. Birbi-riyle eş anlamlı olduğu düşünülen bu kavramlara aynı manaların verilmesi ayetlerin aktarılmasında bazı anlam kayıplarının olma-sına neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca bu kavramların anlam farklılığının ayetlere yansıması ve ayetlerdeki kullanımı merak konusudur. Bu bağlamda ilgili kavramların Mekkî ve Medenî ayetlerde ayrı ayrı kullanımı araştırmanın önemli aşamalarından biridir. Çün-kü bu kavramların Kur’ân’da genel kullanımının yanında Hz. Muhammed (s.a.v.) özelinde karşılaştırılması anlamsal farklılığın anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. İtaat ve ittiba edilmesi iste-nen Hz. Muhammed olduğunda Mekkî ve Medenî ayetlerde her-hangi bir farklılık söz konusu mudur? Yoksa her iki kavram Hz. Muhammed için hem Mekkî hem de Medenî ayetlerde aynı şekil-de mi kullanılmıştır? Bütün bunların tespit edilmesi her iki kav-ramın Kur’ân’da kullanımının boyutlarını ortaya koyacaktır.
Tefsir ve Şerh İlimlerinin Mukayesesi
Authors: ŞEKER Necmeddin , TOZ Rıza
Published: June 2020

İslâm
tarihinde en çok yoruma tâbi tutulan iki kaynak Kur’ân ve Sünnet’tir. Tarihî
süreçte bu yorumları ifade etmek üzere Kur’ân için tefsir ilmi, hadisler için
de zengin bir şerh edebiyatı oluşmuştur. Her iki ilim dalı için kullanılan
kavramlar ile bunların dindeki konumu, önemi ve gelişimi bakımından birtakım
benzerlikler ve farklılıklar vardır. Bu makalede Kur’ân ve Sünnet’in anlaşılmasını
ve yorumlanmasını konu edinen tefsir ve şerh ilimleri için kullanılan kavramlar
açıklanmış ve ana hatlarıyla genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda
her iki ilim dalının ortaya çıkışı ve gelişim süreci, anlama ve yorumlarda
kullanılmak üzere ihdas edilip geliştirilen kavramlar, bilimsel parametreler
için kullanılan malzeme ve takip edilen metotlar ele alınmıştır.
Pengetahuan Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Sebelum dan Sesudah Diberikan Video Animasi Kesiapsiagaan Bencana
Authors: Saparwati Mona , Trimawati Trimawati , Wijayanti Fiki
Published: June 2020

The region of Indonesia is located between three tectonic plates namely Eurasian plate, the Pacific plate and Australia-Indies plate. These conditions lead to Indonesia to be proned of earthquakes, tsunamies, volcanic eruptions, and other types of geological disasters. Education for disaster is important to people's lives, to make disaster preparedness which is an absolute requirement for the development of disaster risk reduction. The purpose of this to study is to find out the difference between knowledge of disaster preparedness on high school students before and after given disaster learning.The design in this research method used pre-experimentaltype with pre test and post test in one group. The population on this research werestudents of SDN Candirejo 01 Ungaran as many as 125 students with research samples as many as 68 respondents taken by proportional random sampling technique. Instruments for disaster preparedness variable used questionnaire from LIPI. Univariate analysis test in the form of frequency distribution and percentage and used Wilcoxon bivariat test.The results showed student’s knowledge before the disaster learning is in less category as many as 31 students (51.1%) and after given disaster learning in good category as many as 37 students (55.5%). There is significant differences between knowledge of disaster preparedness before and after given disaster learning by using audio visual on students of SDN Candirejo 01 Ungaran (p = 0.000).
Gambaran Pondok Pesantrean berbasis Poskestren di Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Wulandari Dewi , Virahani Ayu
Published: June 2020

Increasing the scope of public health services is carried out by utilizing the potential and available resources, including those in the community. In accordance with one of the Puskesmas functions, namely the community empowerment center, the puskesmas is tasked with empowering the community in the health sector, namely through the Community-Based Health Efforts (UKBM) with one of the real forms being the Pesantrean Health Post (Poskestren). This study aims to obtain an overview of the implementation of the poskestren in boarding schools in the area of Semarang District Health Office. This research is a descriptive observational study with a secondary data study obtained from health promotion and community empowerment data reports collected from 2017 to 2019 by the Semarang District Health Office. The population in this study were all boarding schools reported in the working area of Semarang Regency in 2017-2019. The sample in this study is a boarding school that already has a poskestren in the working area of Semarang Regency in 2017-2019. The research data was then analyzed descriptively. The results obtained are an increase in the number and activities of implementing the poskestren from 2017-2019.
Comparing Intensive English Program (IEP) and Directly-Admitted International Students’ Academic Achievement
Authors: Schmidt Anthony
Published: June 2020

Intensive English programs (IEPs) exist as an additional pathway into higher education for international students who need additional language support before full matriculation. Despite their long history in higher education, there is little research on the effectiveness of these programs. The current research examines the effectiveness of an IEP by comparing IEP students to directly-admitted international students. Results from regression models on first-semester and first-year GPA indicated no significant differences between these two student groups. Follow-up equivalence testing indicated statistical equivalence in several cases. The findings lead to the conclusion that the IEP is effective in helping students perform on par with directly-admitted international students. These findings imply further support for IEPs and alterative pathways to direct admission.
The affectivity using of the winter wheat by detailed methoda of the structure harvest
Authors: Оlkhovskyi G.F. , Bobro М.А. , Chechui О.F.
Published: June 2020

The most difficult but most informative method of determining the structure of winter wheat yield with the use of large bunches of samples is presented. The role of the stem in the formation of allthe elements of winter wheat yield structure is determined. The advantage of our method is that it allows to get deeper information about the structure of the wheat crop, as it reveals the relationship between the individual elements of the crop structure and shows the amplitude of fluctuations in individual features of thewheat crop structure.

Key words: winter wheat, yield structure, stem, weight and number of grains.
Effect of micrifertilizers of the Activ Harvest line on the yields of tomatoes
Authors: Salo L.V. , Kulyk G.A.
Published: June 2020

The influence of Active Harvest microfertilizers with different compositions on the yield of four tomato varieties was studied. It was found that the variety Red Giant is characterized by the highest yield and the best reaction to microfertilizers treatment.. The maximum percentage of marketable fruits was obtained from large-fruited varieties of tomatoes. A more noticeable effect on fruit yield and marketability was recorded in active fertilizers Active Harvest Oil.

Key words: tomatoes, Pink flamingo, Solaris, Red giant, Pink giant, microfertilizers, Active Harvest Oilseeds, Active Harvest Prime, yield, marketability.
Formation of spring barley grain yield and its structure depending on the variety and nutrition conditions in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Gamayunova V.V. , Kasatkina T.O.
Published: June 2020

Theresearch results are presented conducted during 2016-2018 on southern chernozem with two varieties of spring barley to study the impact of nutrition optimization on grain yield and elements of its structure. It is determined that the treatment of crops with growth regulating drugs in the main growing seasons provides a significant increase in grain productivity of barley, which is the highest when formed by three foliar nutrition with modern growth regulating drugs in the tillering phase and plant emergence in the tube at the beginning of earing. The grain yield of spring barley of the Stalker variety increased on average over three years, depending on the growth regulator taken for processing, in the range of 3.25 – 3.60 t / ha at its level in control, respectively, for treatment of plants with water 2.50 t / ha, and the variety Vakula – to 3.41 – 3.71 compared with 2.47 t / ha in the control.

It was found that the increase in grain yield by the studied varieties of spring barley was due to the increase in ear length, and most significantly – due to more grains in the ear, the weight of grain from the ear and the weight of 1000 grains. These indicators increased and changed under the influence of power optimization.

Key words: spring barley, varieties, elements of crop structure, grain yield, foliar fertilization, growth regulators.
Percepções sobre o ensino de português para fins específicos na educação profissional e tecnológica a partir do instrumento Análise de Necessidades.
Authors: Nunes Eliene do Carmo Santos , Rosa Daniele dos Santos
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho, que teve como objetivo principal compreender as dificuldades e as necessidades para a aquisição da norma padrão e de usos específicos da Língua Portuguesa pelos estudantes da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT), foi desenvolvido no 2º semestre de 2019, com uma turma do curso técnico em Segurança do Trabalho de uma escola técnica localizada em uma Região Administrativa do Distrito Federal. Para a obtenção dos dados, foi aplicado um questionário com questões objetivas e discursivas denominado “Análise de Necessidades”, instrumento fundamental para o ensino de línguas na abordagem instrumental. A investigação apontou as dificuldades dos estudantes quanto à aprendizagem da língua portuguesa que deverão ser exploradas pelos professores no ensino de português para fins específicos.
Prevalence, virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from sheep
Authors: Elbar Shaimaa , Elkenany Rasha , Elhadidy Mohamed , Younis Gamal
Published: June 2020

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, virulence, and antibiotics susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from hindbrain, spinal cord, milk, and intestinal content collected from sheep in the Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. Design: Observational study. Samples: We analyzed 472 samples, including 72 hindbrain/spinal cord samples from emergency-slaughtered sheep, 300 raw-milk samples from apparently healthy sheep, and 100 intestinal content samples from slaughtered sheep at three abattoirs. Procedures: Isolation and identification of L. monocytogenes were performed using conventional techniques. The biochemically identified isolates were confirmed by 16SrRNA gene sequencing and examined for virulence-associated genes (hlyA and iap) as well as for antimicrobial susceptibility. Results: In total, 16 (3.39%) out of 472 sheep samples [5.56% (4/72) in hindbrain/spinal cord, 4% (12/300) in milk, and 0% (0/100) in intestinal content samples] were found to be positive for L. monocytogenes. All the confirmed isolates were positive for the hlyA gene (100%); meanwhile, none of them exhibited the iap gene. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed high resistance rates to amoxicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin (50% each), and vancomycin (37.5%). Sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim and tetracycline resistance rates were 25% and 12.5%, respectively. On the contrary, all isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin. Interestingly, 37.5% (6/16) of L. monocytogenes isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). The multiple antibiotic resistances (MAR) index of isolates ranged from 0.1 to 0.6. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Our data highlights the importance of awareness of virulent strains of MDR L. monocytogenes of sheep samples and potentially samples from other domestic animals in Egypt.
REMOVAL OF LEAD IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING GRANULAR IRON SLAG BYPRODUCT AS PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER
Authors: & Faisal Alquzweeni
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the possibility of using iron slag by product as reactive materials in the porous reactive barriers technologies to achieve the principles of sustainability. Results reveal that the maximum adsorption capacity of iron slag (=2.309 mg/g) can be calculated by Langmuir model because it is more representative for adsorption data. This means that the chem-sorption is predominant mechanism for sorption of lead ions where the dissolution of calcium oxide by hydrolysis and ion exchange can enhance the removal of lead ions by iron oxide surface sites. In addition, the results of continuous tests conducted for 140 hours certified that the longevities of the barriers is proportional straightforwardly with the bed depth but it changed inversely with initial concentration of metal ions and flowrate. Hydraulic conductivity was recognized to remain approximately constant and this certify that there is no precipitation occurred through the removal process. The COMSOL software was proved its ability in the description of the measured breakthrough curves with high agreement.
DETECTION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICULES BIOSYNTHESIZED BY STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES BACTERIA
Authors: & Hussein Kadhum
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria and its antimicrobial activity against (S.aureus ,P. aeruginosa, E.coli, and C. albicans yeast) at different  concentrations (20, 40, 60 ,80 and 100)  μg/ml by agar  well  diffusion  assay. Fifty sample was collected from Wounds and burns, from Baghdad Teaching City Medicine Laboratories. Samples identified by culture, VITEK 2 Compact system ID-YST kit. The sensitivity of bacterial isolates to antibiotics ware tested and the microbes were more  sensitive,  resistant  and  moderate  range to antibiotics. Several techniques where used to characterize AgNPs: X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible Spectroscopy(UV) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM).The results show that biosynthesized silver nanoparticles are more effective than bacterial supernatant on human pathogenic microbes.
PRANGOS PLATYCHLAENA BOISS ESSENTIAL OILS: A NOVEL STUDY ON ITS TOXICITY, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS EFFECT ON BURN RATS
Authors: & et al. Rahman
Published: June 2020

The Prangos platychlaena Boiss belonged to the family of Apiaceae is a native medicinal plant of Kurdistan-Iraq. The stem, leaves and flowers of the plant were collected in the mountain of Halgurd of the Kurdistan region of Iraq, and  hydrodistilated to obtain the volatile compounds, using both Gas Chromatography ( GC ) and Gas chromatography/ Mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The  results showed that the P. platychlaena Boiss essential oils containing  several compounds such as Sylvestrene, α-Pinene oxide, (Z)-Epoxy-ocimene, Borneol, epi-Longipinanol, Germacrene D-4-ol, epi-α-Cadinol, 3-Thujanol acetate and Acorenone with different amount which were not found in any other Prangos species, and all showed antibacterial activity. This experiment was concducted to reveal the toxicity of flowers essentail oils of the P.platychlaena Boiss on skin burns of the rat. The results revealed that the base cream which contains 1% of the essentail oils showd  less time in healing wounds in comparing with the other groups. Histological examination of the treated ones  showed significantly the formation of new epiderm in those rats which were receiving the base cream containg 1% essentail oils. These finding sugested that the essentail oils of this plant can be used as a surface treatment agent for the human burns.
CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF THE CRUDE SAPONINS OF Yucca elephantipesL. LEAVESONTHE Allium cepa L. ROOT TIPS MITOSIS.
Authors: & Najem Mohammed
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to investigate cytogenetic effects of the crude saponinsof Yucca elephantipes leaves on mitosis. The root tips of Allium cepa L. were used as plant test system in vivo. Root tips of A. cepa were tested for four hours with four concentrations of the crude saponins (0.00, 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/ml). This study were included some cytogenetic diagnosis included mitotic index, phase index, and chromosomal aberration. Results showed that saponins reduced the mitotic index (MI) to less than 50%, specifically when treated with 12.5,25 or 50 mg/ ml mitotic index reached 25.48, 17.98, 18.81% respectively, this reduction was considered toxic and sub lethal. Saponins arrested chromosomes at metaphase (c-metaphase) up to 100% at 6.25 mg/ml and chromosomal aberrations including micronuclei and nuclear lesion (chromatin lesion) in prophase and interphase at the concentrations 25 and 50 mg/l recorded 1.30-8.30%.
HALF DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF SEVEN PEA CULTIVARS FOR SEED YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS FOR F4 GENERATION UNDER SULAIMANI CONDITION
Authors: Hama-Amin T. N.
Published: June 2020

The present study was carried out at Qlyasan locations, in Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Agricultural Research Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences-University of Sulaimani, according to half diallel mating system using seven pea cultivars (1-Avolla, 2-Americana, 3-Jeza, 4-Joneor, 5-Pack land, 6-Arvena and 7-Samara) with 21 F4 crosses. The genotypes were planted in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Highly significant mean squares due to genotypes were recorded indicating the presence of sufficient variability among genotypes for all traits. The mean squares due to gca and sca were significant for all the studied traits. The highest positive heterosis values estimated as the F4s deviation from mid parental values recorded by the cross 2×6 and 4×5 for almost all traits. Maximum positive gca effect values for seed weight plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and pods number plant-1 were recorded by parent 4, while parent 2 showed the best value for some components. The cross 4×5 was the best sca combiner for seed weight plant-1 and some its components including pods number plant-1, pod weight plant-1 and seed number pod-1. The type of gene action as controlled the inheritance of all characters was over dominance except 100-seed weight. Heritability in broad sense was found to be high for all treats except seed number pod-1 which was moderate, while at narrow sense it was high for average pod weight, pod length, seed weight pod-1 and 100-seed weight.
EFFECT OF ADDING PENTOXIFYLLINE AND NITRIC OXIDE TO TRIS EXTENDER ON SOME POST-CRYOPRESERVED SEMEN ATTRIBUTES OF HOLSTEIN BULLS
Authors: & et al. Mohammed
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed to explore the effect of adding pentoxifylline (PTX) and nitric oxide (NO) to Tris extender on some post-cryopreserved semen attributes of Holstein bulls for different preservation periods (cooling at 5◦C, 48 hrs., 1, 2 and 3 months post cryopreservation, PC). Seven Holstein bulls of 2.5-3 years old were used in the current study during the period from 20th November, 2017 to 20th August, 2018. Pooled semen was equally divided into three groups within one experiment. PTX (0.192 g / 100 ml extender) and NO (0.018 g / 100 ml extender) were added to Tris extender and comparisons in response were made with the control group (Tris extender, C). The PTX group exhibited greater (P≤ 0.01) sperm's cell individual motility percentage as compared with the C group at cooling (5ºc) and 48 hr PC periods, while, PTX and NO groups were superior in these percentages at the remaining PC periods than C group. Excluding data of 2 months PC, greater (P≤ 0.01) live sperm percentage was observed in PTX and NO groups in comparison with the C group at all preservation periods. Lesser (P≤ 0.01) abnormal sperm percentage were noticed for PTX and NO groups as compared with the C group at all preservation time periods. The PTX and NO groups exhibited greater   (P≤ 0.01) acrosome and plasma membrane integrity percentages in comparison with the C group at all preservation time periods. In conclusion, adding PTX and NO to Tris extender enhanced some of  PC semen characteristics of Holstein bulls at different preservation periods.
FACTORS AFFECTING REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN SEVERAL BREEDS OF DAIRY CATTLE IN IRAQ
Authors: & Hadad Hermiz
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting reproductive traits using records collected during two calving seasons (2016-2017) and (2017-2018) from three herds of dairy cattle bred at Erbil-Iraq, and includes 323 lactation period (LP), 159 age at first calving (AFC) and 159 calving interval (CI). GLM within SAS used to diagnose the significance effects of the available factors affecting the studied traits. Repeatability of LP also estimated. Overall mean of LP, AFC and CI for the three breeds in all herds were 300.14 days, 27.709 months, and 360.26 days respectively. Simmental recorded significantly (p<0.01) higher LP (302.95 days) comparing with Friesian (296.81 days) and Bokane (293.24 days). Differences in LP due to the herd were significant (p<0.01). LP decline significantly (p<0.01) from 306.05 days in the 1st parity to 290.22 days in the 4th parity. Effects of year and season of calving on LP were not significant. Cows calved females had significantly longer LP (299.39 days) than cows calved males (295.95 days). Regression of LP on AFC (0.207 day/mo.) was not significant, while regressions on body weight of cow at calving (0.088 day/kg) and on birth weight of their calfs (1.661 day/kg) were significant. Repeatability estimate for LP was 0.55. Differences in AFC due to the breed were highly significant, while the effect of herd, year and season of birth were not significant. Regression of AFC on their body weight at calving was not significant (-0.01 day/kg). Differences among the breeds, herds and parities in their CI were not significant. Cows calved in winter and spring recorded significantly shorter CI as compared with those calved in summer and autumn. Regression coefficient of CI on AFC (0.692 day/mo.) was not significant, while the regression on body weight of cow at calving (0.151 day/kg) was highly significant.
Investigation of Flexible Pavement Failure along Ede – Akoda Road, Osun State,
Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Tijani M.A , Olawale S.O.A
Published: June 2020

Ede to Akoda is a trunk B-road built over 30 years ago. It has been in despicable condition leading to fatal accidents and loss of life and properties that impacted negatively on the community. This study investigated the flexible pavement failure along the road in order to ascertain the possible causes of its failure. The methodology adopted covered reconnaissance survey, assessment of the physical condition of the road and soil investigation of subgrade. The result of reconnaissance survey revealed that the surface wearing course has degraded extensively. The physical inspections showed that considerable segment of the drainage facilities has collapsed or totally blocked allowing extensive ponding of rain water on the road surface. The pot holes were deep and widespread in most places and the road is near total collapse. The result of soil investigation revealed that natural moisture content, specific gravity, liquid limit, plastic limit, plastic index, maximum dry density and optimum moisture content were within the specifications of the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing limits (FMWH). However, the California bearing ratio values were less than minimum 10% stated in the specifications, this suggests the nature of subgrade soil as a possible cause of failure of road pavements along Ede-Akoda Road, Nigeria. It is recommended that further research be conducted on other structures of the flexible pavement to better ascertain the causes of the studied road failure.
Evaluation of Infiltration Rate of Landmark University Soils, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
Authors: Elemile O.O , Ibitoye O.O , Folorunso O.P , Ibitogbe E.M
Published: June 2020

The processing of adequate information of characteristics of soils is essential for designing quality soil management and construction practices on agricultural and urban lands. Little is known about the infiltration capacity of soils in institutions of higher learning, this study therefore evaluated the infiltration capacity of soils in the Landmark University, Omu-Aran. The double ring infiltrometer with an inner ring of 30 cm and a 50 cm diameter outer ring with a height of 30 cm above the ground was used to test infiltration rates at two sites, namely the University of Omu-Aran’s orchard area (OA) and the new college building area (NCBA). Six points labelled (A, B, C, D, E and F) were identified at 10 m grid intervals at which infiltration rates were determined using a 30 cm inner ring double ring infiltrometer and a 30 cm height outer ring. Results of soil analysis suggests sand dirty and silt texture and bulk density and particle density varied from 2.54–3.03 g/cm3 and 1.31–1.52 g/cm3 respectively. The infiltration rates ranged between 0.007 to 0.011 cm/sec with a mean of 0.009cm/sec in orchard area (OA) and 0.011 to 0.035 cm/sec with a mean value of 0.021 cm/sec in NCBA indicating a significant difference at both locations. The infiltration rate of soils at the OA is very low compare to that of NCBA therefore the OA is more prone to flooding. Effective drainage control system is recommended along the orchard area to prevent flooding.