bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Zn and sucrose supply on grain Zn, Fe and protein contents within wheat spike under detached-ear culture
Authors: Zhang Yinghua , Liu Na , Hu Naiyue , Zhang Wanqing , Sun Zhencai , Wang Zhimin
Published: July 2021

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of most widely consumed cereal crops globally. More than two billion people are affected by nutritional deficiencies caused by zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) deficiency. Therefore, biofortification is a strategy supposed to be economical, sustainable and easily implemented to increase the micronutrient content in the crops. However, micronutrient distribution, especially Zn and Fe, within the spike has been rarely reported. For this, different concentrations of Zn (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 μmol L–1) and sucrose (2%, 4%, 6%) were supplied at Zn concentrations of 30 and 90 μmol L–1 under detached-ear culture. The results showed that grain weight and grain Zn, Fe and protein contents were higher in superior grains than in inferior grains, and higher in central spikelets than in basal and apical spikelets. Zn supply significantly improved grain Zn, Fe and protein content. Increasing sucrose concentration at low and high Zn supply levels significantly increased grain weight, and grain Zn, Fe and protein contents. The percentage increase in dry weight and nutrient contents of superior and inferior grains was higher in central spikelets than in apical and basal spikelets. It is concluded that grain position significantly affected the grain weight and nutrient content, and these effects could be improved by application of Zn and sucrose. These findings suggest Zn and sucrose application for increasing mineral nutrients contents in wheat grain, and mechanisms of nutrient accumulation in relation to external sucrose and Zn supply should be elucidated in the future.
Orthogonal neural codes for speech in the infant brain
Authors: Gennari Giulia , Marti Sébastien , Palu Marie , Fló Ana , Dehaene-Lambertz Ghislaine
Published: July 2021

Significance

For adults to comprehend spoken language, and for infants to acquire their native tongue, it is fundamental to encode speech as a sequence of stable and invariant segments despite its extreme acoustic variability. We show that the brain of a 3-mo-old baby can achieve this critical task thanks to a decomposition system which breaks down the speech input into minimal and orthogonal components such as the manner and the place of articulation. These elementary units are robust to signal variability and are flexibly recombined into phoneme identities during a second processing phase. Our data indicate that a combinatorial neural code for speech is present at an early stage of language development.
Rotation suppresses giant-scale solar convection
Authors: Vasil Geoffrey M. , Julien Keith , Featherstone Nicholas A.
Published: July 2021

Significance

The entire Sun completes a full rotation in roughly 28 d. Within the outer 30% of the solar interior, turbulent thermal convection powers fluid outward. Rotation deflects the fluid and determines the morphology of eddies and large-scale shear. Such flows are the ultimate agents of astrophysical and planetary magnetic field generation, one of the most important open problems in all of science. Our results make theoretical predictions regarding the Sun’s internal flow structure and rotational constraint. We predict tall and slender vortices persisting throughout much of the convection zone under the sway of strong rotation. We also clarify previous observational discrepancies and explain why such structures have been hard to reproduce in numerical simulations.
High-mass MALDI-MS unravels ligand-mediated G protein–coupling selectivity to GPCRs
Authors: Wu Na , Olechwier Agnieszka M. , Brunner Cyrill , Edwards Patricia C. , Tsai Ching-Ju , Tate Christopher G. , Schertler Gebhard F. X. , Schneider Gisbert , Deupi Xavier , Zenobi Renato , Ma Pikyee
Published: July 2021

Significance

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases. Upon ligand binding, GPCRs initiate intracellular signaling pathways by interacting with partner proteins. Assays that quantify the interplay between ligand binding and initiation of downstream signaling cascades are critical in the early stages of drug development. We have developed a high-throughput mass spectrometry method to unravel GPCR–protein complex interplay and demonstrated its use with three GPCRs to provide quantitative information about ligand-modulated coupling selectivity. This method provides insights into the molecular details of GPCR interactions and could serve as an approach for discovery of drugs that initiate specific cell-signaling pathways.
Outer membrane permeability: Antimicrobials and diverse nutrients bypass porins in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Ude Johanna , Tripathi Vishwachi , Buyck Julien M. , Söderholm Sandra , Cunrath Olivier , Fanous Joseph , Claudi Beatrice , Egli Adrian , Schleberger Christian , Hiller Sebastian , Bumann Dirk
Published: July 2021

Significance

Novel antibiotics are urgently needed to resolve the current antimicrobial resistance crisis. For critical pathogens, drug entry through the cell envelope is one of the major challenges in the development of effective novel antibiotics. Envelope proteins forming water-filled channels, so-called porins, are commonly thought to be essential for entry of hydrophilic molecules, but we show here for the critical pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
that almost all antibiotics and diverse hydrophilic nutrients bypass porins and instead permeate directly through the outer membrane lipid bilayer. However, carboxylate groups hinder bilayer penetration, and
Pseudomonas
thus needs porins for efficient utilization of carboxylate-containing nutrients such as succinate. The major porin-independent entry route might open opportunities for facilitating drug delivery into bacteria.
Socioeconomic privilege and political ideology are associated with racial disparity in COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Agarwal Ritu , Dugas Michelle , Ramaprasad Jui , Luo Junjie , Li Gujie , Gao Guodong (Gordon)
Published: July 2021

Vaccine uptake is critical for mitigating the impact of COVID-19 in the United States, but structural inequities pose a serious threat to progress. Racial disparities in vaccination persist despite the increased availability of vaccines. We ask what factors are associated with such disparities. We combine data from state, federal, and other sources to estimate the relationship between social determinants of health and racial disparities in COVID-19 vaccinations at the county level. Analyzing vaccination data from 19 April 2021, when nearly half of the US adult population was at least partially vaccinated, we find associations between racial disparities in COVID-19 vaccination and median income (negative), disparity in high school education (positive), and vote share for the Republican party in the 2020 presidential election (negative), while vaccine hesitancy is not related to disparities. We examine differences in associations for COVID-19 vaccine uptake as compared with influenza vaccine. Key differences include an amplified role for socioeconomic privilege factors and political ideology, reflective of the unique societal context in which the pandemic has unfolded.
Agent control in passives in Romanian
Authors: Giurgea Ion , Cotfas Maria Aurelia
Published: July 2021

We examine control by the external argument of
passives in Romanian. As copular passives generally disallow clausal
subjects, this issue only concerns reflexive-based passives
(so-called ‘se-passives’). Although it is difficult
to find unequivocal control instances in Romanian due to the gradual
replacement of infinitives by subjunctives and the
nominative-licensing potential of infinitives, there are some verbs
for which control can be assumed (aspectuals and ability modals).
These verbs allow se-passives, but in this case
se must be repeated on the infinitive or
subjunctive complement. We argue that this does not represent voice
agreement under restructuring, but rather an instance of control,
involving matching between the external arguments
of the matrix and the embedded se-verbs, for which
we propose generation in an argument position, SpecVoiceP. Romanian
‘se-passives’ are analyzed as a construction
halfway between actives and passives, having a nominative theme
(with which T agrees) but also a projected external argument.
Control from inside
Authors: Matsuda Asako
Published: July 2021

Traditional assumptions hold that the reference
of complement control PRO is dependent on the reference of a higher
argument and that the lexical properties of the embedding predicate
are mostly responsible for controller determination. Against such
views, this study argues for the possibility that the reference of
certain instances of PRO (PC PRO) derives from its own internal
structure. The insight comes from Japanese data where certain force
suffixes appear in the complements of attitude predicates. These
forces are proposed to arise from C-PRO indexical
(speaker/addressee) agreement. Similar views have been presented in
my previous works (Matsuda
2015a; b,
2017a; b, 2019), with some revisions along the way.
This paper provides new supporting data and presents my revised
framework.
Adjunct control and the poverty of the stimulus
Authors: Gerard Juliana
Published: July 2021

Subject control in non-finite adjuncts is
observed across languages (as in ‘John called Mary after drawing a
picture’). Research on the acquisition of adjunct control has
generally focused on the relevant grammatical components and when
they are acquired. This paper considers these components in the
context of the linguistic input to ask how control in adjuncts is
acquired. Although adjunct control is available in the input, the
instances themselves do not provide evidence for abstract syntactic
relations. Implications are considered for linguistic dependencies
and the evidence in the input.
Gas cooling of test masses for future gravitational-wave observatories
Authors: Reinhardt Christoph , Franke Alexander , Schaffran Jörn , Schnabel Roman , Lindner Axel
Published: July 2021

Recent observations made with advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo have initiated the era of gravitational-wave astronomy. The number of events detected by these ‘2nd generation’ (2G) ground-based observatories is partially limited by noise arising from temperature-induced position fluctuations of the test mass (TM) mirror surfaces used for probing spacetime dynamics. The design of next-generation gravitational-wave observatories addresses this limitation by using cryogenically cooled test masses; current approaches for continuously removing heat (resulting from absorbed laser light) rely on heat extraction via black-body radiation or conduction through suspension fibres. As a complementing approach for extracting heat during observational runs, we investigate cooling via helium gas impinging on the TM in free molecular flow. We establish a relation between cooling power and corresponding displacement noise, based on analytical models, which we compare to numerical simulations. Applying this theoretical framework with regard to the conceptual design of the Einstein telescope (ET), we find a cooling power of 10 mW at 18 K for a gas pressure that exceeds the ET design strain noise goal by at most a factor of ∼3 in the signal frequency band from 3 to 11 Hz. A cooling power of 100 mW at 18 K corresponds to a gas pressure that exceeds the ET design strain noise goal by at most a factor of ∼11 in the band from 1 to 28 Hz.
Inflation from inhomogeneous polarized Gowdy model
Authors: Olmedo Javier
Published: July 2021

We study polarized Gowdy cosmologies on the three torus coupled to a massive scalar field. The phase space of the model admits a simple splitting between homogeneous and inhomogeneous sectors after a suitable gauge fixing. The presence of the mass term of the scalar field breaks the linearity of the equations of motion of the inhomogeneous fields. We discuss regimes of physical interest in which we recover a linear dynamics of these nonperturbative inhomogeneities, despite the metric is fully inhomogeneous at early times. We expand the inhomogeneous fields in Fourier modes and express them at all times as linear combinations of a basis of orthonormal complex solutions to the equations of motion, with coefficients that turn out to be an infinite collection of constants of motion. We argue that the resulting model can describe a nonperturbative inhomogeneous early Universe dominated by the kinetic energy of an inflaton at early times that can eventually reach a slow-roll regime with a nearly exponential expansion at late times that isotropices and homogenizes the geometry.
A study of scalar optically-pumped magnetometers for use in magnetoencephalography without shielding
Authors: Clancy Richard J , Gerginov Vladislav , Alem Orang , Becker Stephen , Knappe Svenja
Published: July 2021

Scalar optically-pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are being developed in small packages with high sensitivities. The high common-mode rejection ratio of these sensors allows for detection of very small signals in the presence of large background fields making them ideally suited for brain imaging applications in unshielded environments. Despite a flurry of activity around the topic, questions remain concerning how well a dipolar source can be localized under such conditions, especially when using few sensors. In this paper, we investigate the source localization capabilities using an array of scalar OPMs in the presence of a large background field while varying dipole strength, sensor count, and forward model accuracy. We also consider localization performance as the orientation angle of the background field changes. Our results are validated experimentally through accurate localization using a phantom virtual array mimicking a current dipole in a conducting sphere in a large background field. Our results are intended to give researchers a general sense of the capabilities and limitations of scalar OPMs for magnetoencephalography systems.
Nutrient concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus on intercropping of several varieties maize and soybean in dryland North Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Astiko W , Ernawati N M L , Silawibawa I P
Published: July 2021

The reduction in agricultural land due to land conversion and climate change has encouraged several technological innovations in cultivation systems, including intercropping planting patterns in dryland. Dryland is a potential future as productive agricultural land and to improve the efficiency of land use and the intercropping system is an option in agricultural cultivation. The objective of this research was to determine the nutrient concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus on intercropping several varieties of maize and soybean in dryland. The method used in this study was a randomized block design with 5 treatment intercropping varieties combination of maize and soybean, namely V1 = NK212: Biosoy I, V2 = Bima 20 URI: Dega I, V3 = NASA 29: Detap, V4 = Bisi 18: Biosoy II, V5 = Srikandi Kuning: Anjasmoro. Each treatment was repeated three times to obtain 15 experimental plots. Parameters that were observed in this study, namely, the concentration of N, P, organic C content and pH of the soil at 40 das (day after seedling) and 92 das, uptake of N and P per plant at 40 das. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance at 5% significance level and if the treatment was significantly different then further tested using LSD at 5% significance level. The impact of climate change is the occurrence of a shift in the nutrient concentration of N, P, C-organic content, and pH in the soil at 40 or 92 das and the uptake of N and P nutrients in the plants at 40 das on intercropping maize varieties Bisi 18 and soybean varieties Biosoy II obtain the highest value. This study recommends that the improvement of nitrogen and phosphorus status in climate change can be achieved by intercropping Bisi 18 corn and Biosoy II soybeans in the dryland of North Lombok.
The effect of micro fertilizer on growth and yield of two cassava clones (Manihot esculenta Crantz) planting in early dry-season, South Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan K , Paringin A E D , Yuliadi E , Hadi M S , Ardian
Published: July 2021

Drought is one of the important climate changes that could affect the early planting of cassava to produce a high yield. Lampung province having a specific climate, wet tropical dry-season is the center of cassava production in Indonesia. Consequently, the objective was to evaluate the effect of micro fertilizers on the growth and yield of two cassava clones planting in the early dry season. This research was conducted on Ultisol soil of Tanjung Bintang District, South Lampung from May 2019 to April 2020. Treatment was arranged by factorial (2x2) in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) which 3 replications. The first factor was two applications of micro fertilizer, 0 and 40 kg ha−1. The second factor was two cassava clones, UJ-5 and BW-1. Results showed that the leaf number of UJ-5 at 6 MAP and 9 MAP was increased by micro fertilizer. Yet, the leaf number of BW-1 at 6 MAP and 9 MAP was not increased by micro fertilizer. It seems that UJ-5 could be more tolerant to drought in early planting time. Consequently, the tuber fresh weight of UJ-5 was heavier due to micro fertilizer but lower starch content compared to BW-1. It could be concluded that UJ-5 when planted at early dry-season would show higher tuber fresh weight with lower starch content than BW-1.
Estimation of peak runoff impact from land use change using remote sensing and GIS in Keduang sub-watershed
Authors: Muttaqin Alfan , Suntoro  , Komariah
Published: July 2021

Changes in land use in watersheds and climate change have a dominant influence on watershed hydrology. One of the important aspects of watershed hydrology related to land use change and climate change is runoff. Land use changes in the watershed area from non-built areas to built areas or vegetated areas to non-vegetated areas will increase runoff. Because vegetation helps absorb rainwater optimally into the soil. Thus, rainwater that falls to the ground will become more runoff. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct a study to determine the land use changes and impact on the runoff, as has been done in the Keduang sub-watershed, Wonogiri District, Indonesia. Land use change and peak runoff were estimated using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). Remotely sensed images from the Landsat satellites were used to develop land use maps of the study area in 2009 and 2020. The peak runoff was computed by the Rational Method. The land use map between 2009 and 2020 shows an increase in built areas and dryland agriculture and a decrease in the vegetated area such as a forest and mix garden. The impact of land use change increases the coefficient runoff value in the study area from 0.22 to 0.24. The results showed that peak runoff for 2009 was 358.73 m3/s and in 2020 was 363.38 m3/s there is an increase of 4.66 m3/s.
Analysis of vegetation in recharge area as climate change mitigation for conserving water springs in Keduang Sub-Watershed
Authors: Yuliantoro D , Budiastuti M T S , Mujiyo
Published: July 2021

Keduang Sub-Watershed is one of the priority watershed experiencing drought. Drought occurs due to the lack of water resources. The water resources are mostly affected by the climate change phenomenon, causing precipitation by the raising of temperature. The effort of water springs conservation is needed to maintain the existence of water springs. Agroforestry on recharge area was a mitigation effort of the water springs conservation. Mitigation activity for conserving water springs is begun by vegetation analysis in recharge area, relating to the frequency, density, dominance, and the important value index (IVI) of the species. The existence of vegetation in the recharge area has functioned as a protector and regulator of the water system. The study aims to identify the type of vegetation in the recharge area in the Keduang sub-watershed. It was conducted by taking data of all vegetation. The method of the study was a swath line, with a swath measurement of 20m x 20m used to collect data of tree, 10m x 10m to collect data of pole, and 5m x 5m to collect data of seedling. The data were analyzed by analysis of vegetation to get the frequency, density, dominance, and the IVI of species. The result showed that the type of vegetation in the recharge area in the Keduang sub-watershed has an important score of more than 10% consisting of 5 classes. The important score showed that Jati (Tectona grandis) as a tree was the highest followed by Sengon (Albizia falcataria) as a pole, and Johar (Cassia Siamea) as a seedling.
The relationship between water quality and prevalence of ectoparasites on cultured Nile tilapia at two reservoirs in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Kolia W S K , Sunarto  , Widiyani T
Published: July 2021

Besides environmental impacts, climate change is likely to cause a profound disruption to aquatic organisms. Therefore, parasitic infections could become more detrimental to host fish due to climate change in the future. This study aims to assess the relationship between the prevalence of ectoparasites Gyrodactylus spp., Dactylogyrus spp., and Trichodina spp. on cultured Nile tilapia and the water quality parameters of the Gajah Mungkur and Cengklik reservoirs. The standard parasitological procedure was used to determine the prevalence of these ectoparasites species. The water quality parameters conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, transparency, ammonia level, and temperature were measured. The results showed a high prevalence of 73% recorded by protozoan Trichodina spp followed by 30.1% and 25.3 % for Dactylogyrus spp., and Gyrodactylus spp., respectively. Furthermore, the findings showed that the prevalence of ectoparasites correlated with water quality in different ways in each reservoir. The presence of ectoparasites in the Gajah Mungkur reservoir was primarily influenced by ammonia level and temperature. Besides, in the Cengklik reservoir, ectoparasites were the most influenced by water pH. There was no fish mortality recorded despite the parasitic infection. The water quality parameters were within the recommended range for tilapia culture under cage systems.
The Study of nutrient removal and implementation of organic farming on broccoli cultivation to anticipate climate change
Authors: Irsan F , Riyanto D
Published: July 2021

The excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides continuously has some problems faced by farmers in horticulture cultivation. Implementation of an organic farming system is one way to adaptate climate change for sustainable agriculture, improves soil quality, reducing of the detrimental effect on water quality, and efficient in the use of non-renewable energy. This study aim to determine the level of N, P and K removal, the growth and yield of broccoli on the three kinds of cropping systems in Batur, Getasan-Semarang. The research used a Completely Randomized Block Design with 3 treatments, namely organic, semi-organic, and conventional farming, and replicated 6 times. The soil and plant sampling were used the survey method and broccoli were harvested 8 and 10 weeks after planting. Soil properties analysis was taken before the experiment ongoing, including pH, N-total, C-organic, P-total and P-available, K-total and K-available, CEC, Particle density, Bulk density, and Percentage of total porosity. Plant growth parameters were carried out on 6, 8, and 10 weeks The result of study showed that the chemical and physical properties of the soil in the organic broccoli cultivation better than semi-organic and conventional farming, which proved by soil pH, organic C, total N, P, and K available have a higher value, while the particle density and soil bulk density have a lower value. Moreover, the total porosity and permeability have a higher value compared to conventional farming. Growth and yield of fresh broccoli by the organic farming system are increased about 21.81% and 31.43%, respectively than the conventional farming.
Land use changes impact on water quality in Jeneberang Watershed, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Suwardi  , Budiastuti M T S , Komariah
Published: July 2021

Land use change and water quality problems occur in most watersheds in Indonesia, which are also resulted by climate change phenomenon. One of the watersheds that have a critical status but have an important role in South Sulawesi, Indonesia is the Jeneberang watershed, which is included in 15 national priority watersheds for restoration and conservation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of land use changes in watersheds over the last 20 years on water quality. This research is a descriptive study using quantitative and qualitative methods. In this study, Land Change Modeler (LCM) module was used in Idrisi Terrset software to analyze changes in used/covered by comparing the imagery of 2000 and 2020, while water quality analysis using the pollution index method on 7 key parameters of water quality. The results showed a decrease in forest area cover in the upstream part of the watershed with an increase in the area of agricultural areas and settlements. Water quality was classified as lightly polluted with the pollution index values increased from upstream (2.04), middle (2.12,) to downstream (2.83). Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Coliform concentrations were higher than national standards of water quality. Changing land use into agricultural areas and settlements has contributed to increased water pollution in the Jeneberang watershed.
Biofilm biofertilizer increase mustard growth and nutrient status of dry land Lithosols
Authors: Sudadi  , Suryono  , Triharyanto Edy
Published: July 2021

Almost all sectors including agriculture have the risk of being affected by global climate change. It need strategies and prepare adaptation action programs with the support of innovative and adaptive technologies to anticipate. This research aimed to find out an appropriate dosage of organic fertilizer decomposted by biofilmed biofertilizer (OF-Bio2) that optimally increases mustard growth as well as N, P and K status at Lithosols. The experiment was done in a single factor randomized completely block design (RCBD) with eight dose levels, i.e. 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 ton ha−1 of OF-Bio2 on 2 x 3 m2 plot and 15 x 20 cm planting spaces. OF-Bio2 was incorporated thoroughly within 20 cm depth of the soil and one mustard plantlet was planted in each planting hole. Plant height, fresh and dry weights were observed and soil organic carbon (SOC), total-N, av-P and exch-K content were analysed at harvest time. Data were analysed by F-test followed by Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at 95% of confidence level. The result showed the use of OF-Bio2 increased mustard growth linearly as well as N, P and K status concomitantly with the increase of OF-Bio2 doses. An optimal dose of OF-Bio2 for mustard yield was not achieved yet, because of low organic matter content of the soil. The use of biofilm biofertilizer to decompose organic fertilizer will support sustainable soil nutrient management with more effective soil microbes enable to increase nutrient available.
The density and diversity of Arbuscular mycorrhizal spores on land covers with different tree canopy densities at the UNS educational forests
Authors: Dewi W S , Prasidina S D C , Amalina D D , Wongsoatmojo S
Published: July 2021

Mycorrhiza is a ‘super-organism,’ potential to support plants facing increment temperatures due to more open tree canopy cover. This research aimed to study how three different land covers affect the abundance and diversity of mycorrhiza spores in the UNS educational forests. The research was descriptive-explorative with a survey approach on three land covers with different canopy densities, i.e.: (1) mahogany, (2) pine, and (3) pine replanting, with a canopy cover of 95.56%, 80.93%, and 16.50%, respectively. Soil samples were taken by purposive random sampling at several points at a soil depth of 0-30 cm in a 200 m2 transect, then composited. Repeated each land cover was four times. The results showed that land cover with a more open canopy had a higher density of mycorrhiza spores than a dense canopy. The spores’ density on the land cover of Pine replanting> Pine> Mahogany was 865, 761, and 608 spores/100 g of soil, with a diversity index (H’) 1.00; 0.63; and 0.88, respectively. The types of spores found were Gigaspora sp., Glomus sp., and Archaeospora sp. Mycorrhizal spore density was related to soil temperature (r = 0.56*) and C-organic (r = - 0.68**). Mycorrhizae provide new hope to support plant tolerance facing higher temperatures due to climate changes at the UNS educational forests.
Enhancing the fertility of soil and the yield of soybean in a dry climatic area of Vertisol South Lombok using combination of bioorganic-phosphate and inorganic fertilizers
Authors: Susilowati L E , Kusumo B H , Arifin Z , Sukartono
Published: July 2021

Vertisol of South Lombok is the center of soybean production on Lombok Island which is productively vulnerable due to climate change. Erratic pattern of rainfall may threat the production of soybean in this dry climatic area which may be exaggerated by climate change. Therefore. it is needed efforts to maintain or even to increase the yield of soybean through adding both bioorganic and inorganic fertilizers. This study aimed to assess the effect of combination of bioorganic and inorganic fertilizer on enhancing the fertility of soil and the yield of soybean. This experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were 50% of the recommended dosage of inorganic fertilizers plus 10 g per plant of bioorganic-phosphate (P1), 75% of the recommended dosage of inorganic fertilizers plus 10 g per plant of bioorganic-phosphate (P2), 100% of recommended dosage of inorganic fertilizers (P3), and control. Parameters observed consisted of soil pH, available-P. Exchangeable-K, organic-C, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), and the yield of soybean. The results showed that the treatment of 75% of the recommended dosage of inorganic fertilizers plus 10 g per plant of bioorganic-phosphate (P2) increased the soil P-available from 10.71 on the control to 22.59 ppm on the P2 treatment, and resulted from the highest yield of soybean. Thus, this treatment is recommended if the combination of the fertilizers to be applied in the Vertisol South Lombok for adapting to climate change.
Land suitability evaluation for Arenga pinnata cultivation as a source of traditional cuisine, Horog-Horog, in 3 districts of Jepara Regency, Central Java
Authors: Yudhiantami A , Reynanda R D , Pertiwi Y A B , Wicaksono R L
Published: July 2021

Arenga pinnata (sugar palm) is an economically and ecologically important palm in Jepara Regency. People of Jepara have been extracting the starch from its stem as the main raw material for traditional cuisine, horog-horog. Sugar palm stands can conserve soil and water. Their large stems store relatively much carbon rather than other agricultural monocot plants. Thus, sugar palm cultivation plays an important role in climate change mitigation. However, the areal of sugar palm cultivation was limited. Thus, land evaluation was needed to predict land performance over time to support sugar palm cultivation. The purposes of the present study were to identify land characteristics and their suitability for sugar palm cultivation. This research was conducted in Bangsri, Kembang, and Pakis Aji Districts. The purposive sampling method was used for the field survey. In total, there were 20 land units (9,232.17 ha) across those three districts. Furthermore, to determine land suitability for sugar palm cultivation, the matching method was applied. Thus, the data from field surveys and laboratory tests were used. The obtained results in the present study indicated that 13 land units were classified as S3 (marginal) and 7 land units were classified as N (not suitable). However, there were some limiting factors in the field that must be addressed to support sugar palm cultivation in S3, such as water availability (wa), rooting condition (rc), and nutrient retention (nr). Furthermore, in the land unit that was classified as N the main limiting factor was slope (>30%).
A Review: Is Cinderella’s story of self-DNA extracellular effect towards plant growth real?
Authors: Purnamasari R , Sudadi U , Santosa D A
Published: July 2021

Research related to the extracellular self-DNA effect in plants has been widely conducted during the last decade. Researchers reported the impact of extracellular self-DNA inhibition on plant growth, assuming that extracellular self-DNA could enter plant tissue and thus stimulate an inhibitory response. Environmental conditions have a big role to play in supporting this inhibition, especially with the significant climate changes that have occurred in recent years. Climate changes such as rainfall, humidity, light intensity, and air temperature have a positive effect on the decomposition process of plant litter. Especially if there is a significant climate change accompanied by a monoculture cropping pattern will further trigger the accumulation of extracellular DNA. Dissolved DNA concentration in the soil with the probability of occurrence of the self-DNA effect is directly proportional. Although several studies have confirmed the inhibitory results, self-DNA’s mechanism can enter plant tissue and stimulate an inhibitory response has not been widely discussed. It has sparked debate regarding the actual effect of self-DNA and the extent of its potential to inhibit plant growth. Therefore, this paper intends to collect various hypotheses and research results regarding self-DNA’s impact on plant growth and reconstruct more comprehensive assumptions regarding the effect of self-DNA, its inhibitory potential, and its ecological implications in agriculture. Exhaustive assumptions about self-DNA are expected to be the basis for generating new research designs that include new variables that have not been considered in previous research.
The impact of climate change on land suitability and cocoa productivity in Tulakan District, Pacitan Regency
Authors: Herawati Aktavia , Rahayu  , Herdiansyah G , Supriyadi  , Wijayanti R
Published: July 2021

The existence of global warming, directly or indirectly, will have an impact on climate change which will threaten the productivity of cocoa plantations. This study aims to (1) determine the correlation between rainfall, relative humidity, and temperature to cocoa productivity and (2) determine the correlation between land suitability and cocoa productivity in Tulakan District, Pacitan Regency. The method used in this research was a descriptive exploratory method with a purposive sampling technique of collecting soil samples on land map units that have been determined based on various map overlays. There are five land map units (LMU) with a total area of 2.624 Ha with each LMU repeated three times. Regression correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between rainfall and relative humidity on land suitability and cocoa productivity. The analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between rainfall and cocoa productivity (r = - 0.892, p <0.05), as well as relative humidity and cocoa productivity (r = - 0.950, p <0.05). There was a positive correlation between land suitability and cocoa productivity (r = 0.895, p < 0.05). Land map unit 1,2,3 were the best class of land suitability with the lowest limiting factor (relative humidity and available P), and it has high cocoa productivity. The higher rainfall and relative humidity will affect the lower cocoa productivity.
The effect of biocompost Trichoderma spp. tablet in stimulating shallot growth and yield for climate change adaptation
Authors: Sudantha I M , Suwardji S
Published: July 2021

The use of fertilizers that are appropriate and right on target is necessary to assist plants in dealing with conditions of climate change to extreme climates that cause the soil to become dry and less fertile. To deal with climate change adaptation and increase the productivity of shallots, a study aimed to determine the effect of biocompost dosage Trichoderma spp. tablet in spurring growth and yield of several shallot varieties. The research used an experimental method which was conducted in Sembalun Bumbung Village, East Lombok Regency. This study used a Randomized Block Design with a factorial experiment. The main factor is the dosage of biocompost tablets, namely: 0 g/plant, 2.5 g/plant, 5 g/plant, 7.5 g/plant, and 10 g/plant. The simple factor is that the shallot varieties, namely: Bali Karet, Ampenan, Keta Monca, Super Philip and Super Cros. The results showed that the dosage of biocompost tablets starting at 5 g/plant can stimulate growth and can increase the weight of harvested dry tubers. Bali Karet varieties are very adaptive so that the growth and yield of dry tuber weight are the highest, Ampenan and Keta Monca are adaptive in the highlands, while Super Philip and Super Cross are less adaptive.
Groundwater vulnerability in karst area Pucung Village, Eromoko, Wonogiri District
Authors: Syahidin U , Komariah  , Murti S H
Published: July 2021

Climate change has a negative impact on the reduction of groundwater resource potential in the Gunungsewu Karst Area, in terms of quantity, quality and continuity. This impact is felt by the people of Pucung Village who use water found in underground rivers and springs to meet their daily domestic water needs. The potential of water resources in the area is very vulnerable to a decrease in quality and quantity related to changes in the carrying capacity and capacity of the karst area as a result of climate change. This study aims to assess the groundwater vulnerability zone and the condition of the water catchment area in the karts area of Pucung Village, Eromoko District, Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia.The research method used is the EPIK method which is applied to the Geographical Information System (GIS). Research variables include (a) Epikarst; (b) Protective Cover; (c) infiltration conditions, and (d) karst network. The four variables obtained from the interpretation of remote sensing images, topographical maps, geological maps and field surveys were analyzed using scoring techniques. The results showed (1) 875.15 hectare or 88% of the area in Pucung Village is in a zone that is very vulnerable and susceptible to contamination of Groundwater; (2) agricultural activities in the water catchment area have the potential to contaminate of groundwater in the study area.
Biological water quality of Gajah Wong River, Yogyakarta City, Indonesia
Authors: Zaman M N , Komariah  , Sunarto
Published: July 2021

Climate change causing a shift in the dry and rainy seasons, and impacts the availability of water that is getting less. Its change people activity used the river directly thus increasing pollution. As a river management effort, it is necessary to carry out periodic monitoring by public. This study aims to determine the biological water quality of the Gajah Wong river segment Yogyakarta city, Indonesia based on biomonitoring with family biotic index (FBI). The data used are primary data form field data collection. The data collection method used is biomonitoring. The observed parameters were the overall diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates, Water quality follow analysis with family biotic index (FBI). The results showed the stations Gajah Wong 2 (GW2), GW3, and GW8 were of the water quality good, whereas the stations GW1, GW7, and GW6 were of the quality fair fairly. Then the stations GW5 and GW10 were of the water quality fairly poor, the stations GW9 poor very, and finally, station GW4 were of the water quality very poor, this can be seen in the result of the collected organism data, namely the majority is Tubificidae group found 65.30%. It can be concluded that the Gajah Wong river segmented of Yogyakarta city is polluted.
Consumer awareness towards eco-friendly product through green advertising: Environmentally friendly strategy
Authors: Alamsyah D P , Othman N A , Indriana
Published: July 2021

Climate change has become a controversial issue because people need to make massive lifestyle changes to mitigate global warming. Companies have started to shift their marketing strategies to increase product value and sales towards environmentally friendly strategies. Green advertising often uses. aim to raise the consumers awareness for eco-friendly products. Based on environmentally friendly products, this study focus on examining the level of consumer awareness towards eco-friendly products based on green advertising. The research is conducted among consumers who have never purchased eco-friendly products, but they have received green advertising. Data of 241 consumers are taken through questionnaires and analysed through SPSS to determine the correlation values and analysis. The finding stated that there are three factors used as samples of green impact, green message, and green theme, where the level of consumer acceptance is quite good. Furthermore, it is also known that the level of consumer awareness increases after receiving green advertising. Finding of this study is useful for industries to adopt an environmentally friendly strategy, whereby it can improve from consumer perspectives based on impact, message, and theme.
Weed extract effect on growth and yield of some corn varieties
Authors: Rahayu M , Yudono P , Indradewa D , Hanudin E
Published: July 2021

One of the impacts of climate change in agriculture is on the diversity of crop pests, plant diseases and weeds. In addition to competition, weeds can suppress growth through alelopathy. The effect of alelopathy can be caused by the presence of alelochemicals produced by weeds. This research aims to gain the influence of weed extract on the growth and yield of some varieties of corn. The study used a complete randomized design with 2 treatment factors namely corn varieties and weed extract. Corn varieties consist of Bisi 18, NK 33, DK 95 and Sukmaraga. Weed extract consists of without weed extract, weed extract grown on corn plants with fertilization 25 kgN.ha-1, weed extract at fertilization 150 kgN.ha-1, and weed extract at fertilization 275 kgN.ha-1. The observed parameters include the plant height, the number of leaves, stem diameter, the length of the leaves, the width of the leaves, the angle of the leaves, the dry weight of the plant, the weight of seeds per plant. Data analysis using analysis of variance and a Duncan Multiple Range Test level of 5%. The results showed that weed extract does not affect the number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf angle, stem diameter, dry weight of the plant, and seed weight per plant. Weed extract from fertilization 275 kgN.ha-1 lowers the height of corn plants.
The stability of calibration model in measuring and mapping soil organic matter in a dry climatic area
Authors: Kusumo B H , Idris M H , Sukartono  , Mulyati  , Susilowati L E , Bakti L A A , Baharudin  , Purwanto Y A , Bustan
Published: July 2021

The increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration from soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition may contribute to the global warming and climate change. So, sequestering this greenhouse gas into SOM may be used to mitigate climate change. However, tedious procedures in measuring and mapping SOM need to be replaced with a method which works based on the reliability of calibration model developed. This research aimed to test the reliability of the calibration model that was built from a separate soil sample group to be used to measure and map SOM on other validation soil sample group, in the mostly dry climatic area of Kayangan Sub-district, North Lombok Indonesia. For this purpose, 300 soil samples were collected from the area using grid method, which were then dried, ground, sieved, analysed for SOM content using the Walkley and Black method, and scanned using Near Infrared Spectroscopy. The model built using calibration sample group was able to reliably measure and map the SOM content of the spectral data collected from the validation sample set. This is shown by the coefficient of determination (R2
V = 0.79), root mean square error (RMSEV = 0.246%) and the ratio prediction to deviation (RPDV = 2.09). SOM maps generated from both laboratory and near infrared method can show very low, low and medium SOM content. These maps can be further used as a reference for applying organic fertilizers, avoiding excessive use of fertilizers, and monitoring soil carbon sequestration in mitigating climate change.
Carbon footprint analysis on household consumption in Indonesia based on the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 1993 and 2000
Authors: Saras A , Kristanto G A
Published: July 2021

An increase of CO2 emission on the atmosphere appears to be one of the most significant environmental threats for all living things, the ecosystem, and even the global economy. Household consumption patterns are proven to have contributed 60-70% to global emissions. Hence, we aim to analyze the impact of Indonesia’s household environmental load for the transition towards low-carbon living to reduce GHG emissions that cause climate change. This study aims to investigate the relationship between several household expenditure categories to CO2 emission, using Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) data as the only large-scale longitudinal survey available in Indonesia, which means showing carbon footprint at the level of Indonesia household consumption practices. Generally, the results show that energy for houses (electricity and kerosene), and household electrical appliances are the top three carbon footprint generators. Based on the results, the total emission in urban areas is way higher than in rural areas. Correlation analysis indicates that both of factors, number of household members and total income did not significantly affects (low correlation) total emission in the urban areas (r < 0.5), while total income impacts the rural regions (r = 0.88) in 1993. These findings are important to generate solutions based on segmented targets towards a net-carbon society.
Bioethanol production from sugarcane bagasse by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 immobilized in Na-alginate
Authors: Gunam I B W , Dewi I A P K , Antara N S , Anggreni A A M D , Setiyo Y
Published: July 2021

Currently the supply of fossil energy is running low; besides, it contributes very significantly to environmental pollution and climate change. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new and renewable alternative energy, one of which is bioethanol. One of the potential raw materials used in bioethanol production is sugarcane bagasse which is an abundance of agricultural waste. This study aims to determine the concentration of Na-alginate and the density of cell suspension with the best activity and stability of immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 cells in the bioethanol production process. This research is an experimental study using a randomized block design (RBD) with a factorial pattern consisting of two factors, namely the first factor is the concentration of Na-alginate and the second factor is the concentration of cells suspension in making immobilized S. cerevisiae cells. The first factor consists of 5 levels, namely 0%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% (w/v). The second factor consisted of 3 levels, namely cells with OD660 20, 25, and 30. The parameters observed were the activity of immobilized S. cerevisiae cells including several variables, namely reducing sugar content, pH, and ethanol content. The stability of immobilized S. cerevisiae cells was seen from the level of cell turbidity (OD660 nm). The results showed that the concentration of Na-alginate, the concentration of S. cerevisiae cells, and the interaction between treatments had a very significant effect on the activity and stability of immobilized S. cerevisiae cells. The treatment of Na-alginate 2% (w/v) with cell density 25 was able to produce ethanol with a higher level of 63.87 ppm compared to treatment with 0% Na-alginate (free cells) with the level of cell density 25 was 56.97 ppm.