bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АНАЛИЗ ЭЛЕКТОРАЛЬНОЙ ПРЕДРАСПОЛОЖЕННОСТИ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ СЕВЕРНЫХ РАЙОНОВ ВОСТОЧНОЙ СИБИРИ
Authors: П.Л. ПОПОВ , А.А. ЧЕРЕНЕВ , А.В. ИГНАТОВ
Published: November 2024

Анализируются данные анкетирования жителей северных муниципальных районов Восточной Сибири. Респондентам были заданы вопросы, касающиеся их политического поведения, социально-экономического статуса, пола, возраста, качества жизни. На основании учета этнической однородности и преобладания старожильческого населения, обусловливающих большую надежность результатов, выявлено, что в Сибири наиболее подходящая для исследования территория - это районы Восточной Сибири, приравненные к районам Крайнего Севера. По результатам полевых исследований с применением алгоритмов последовательного регрессионного анализа выделена группа наиболее существенных предикторов, включаемых в многофакторные модели электорального предпочтения избирателей. Использование таких моделей по сравнению с однофакторными позволяет более точно оценивать ожидаемые результаты выборов. Выявлены статистически значимые особенности электорального предпочтения респондентов. В частности, показано, что мужчины более склонны выбирать КПРФ и «другие партии». Три четверти опрошенных женщин склоняются в пользу «Единой России», а работники промышленности по сравнению с другими группами населения существенно реже поддерживают эту партию. Установлено, что возраст как фактор влияния на электоральный выбор является, скорее всего, индикатором влияния других факторов. Составлены параметрические портреты типичных сторонников основных политических партий.

This article analyzes the survey data for residents of the northern municipal districts of Eastern Siberia. Respondents were asked questions regarding their political behavior, socio-economic status, gender, age, and quality of life. Based on the consideration for ethnic homogeneity and the predominance of the old-timer population, which determine the greater reliability of the results, it was found that in Siberia the most suitable territory for research are the regions of Eastern Siberia equated to the regions of the Far North. Based on the results of field studies using sequential regression analysis algorithms, a group of the most significant predictors included in multifactorial models of electoral preference was identified. The use of such models, in comparison with one-factor models, makes it possible to more accurately assess the expected results of elections. Statistically significant features of the respondents' electoral preferences are revealed. In particular, it is shown that men are more inclined to choose the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and “other parties”. Three-quarters of the women polled are in favor of United Russia, and industrial workers, compared with other groups of the population, are much less likely to support this party. It has been established that age as a factor influencing the electoral choice is, most likely, an indicator of the influence of other factors. Parametric portraits of typical supporters of the main political parties are compiled.
Elastase Activity of Representatives of the Genus Bacillus Isolated from the Coastal Area of the Kinburn Split
Authors: Gudzenko O.V. , Varbanets L.D.
Published: November 2024

Previously, elastase activities have been found in some microorganisms and presented by metalloproteases, which may play an important role in helping bacterium invasiveness and establishment of infection. The elastases from Bacillus species are serine proteases, however, to date there are few reports on systematic study of these enzymes producers among representatives of Bacillus, as well as studies of their properties. The aim of this work was to study some physicochemical characteristics of partially purified elastase enzyme from a number of Bacillus sp. strains. Methods. The objects of the study were strains of Bacillus sp. (L1, L2, L9) isolated from the dry grass of the coastal zone of the Kinburn split (Mykolaiv region). Cultures were grown under submerged cultivation at 28 °С, with a shaking speed of the nutrient medium of 230 rpm for 2 days. Methods of determining elastase activity in the culture liquid supernatant were used. Results. It has been shown that Bacillus sp. L9, L1, and L2 are characterized by high levels of elastase activity (35.80, 28.0, and 33.80 U/mL, respectively). The maximum synthesis of elastase occurs on the second day of cultivation of the producer at 28 °C and shaking at 230 rpm. Maximum hydrolysis of elastin by Bacillus sp. L1 and L2 are carried out at  40 °C but at different pH optima. Thus, for the preparation of Bacillus sp. L1, optimal pH is 8, and for L2 – 10. For the complex enzyme preparation of Bacillus sp. L9, maximum hydrolysis of elastin occurs at pH 9 and temperature 50 °C. Conclusions. Bacillus sp. L9 with elastase activity is promising for continued research on its properties for further practical use.
Phage Therapy in Traumatology: A Review on Perspectives for Treating Acute Wounds and Post-Surgical Complications
Authors: Shevchenko O.V. , Kharina A.V. , Korniienko N.O. , Budzanivska I.H. , Andriichuk O.M. , Pozhylov I.M. , Snihur H.O. , Liutko O.B. , Linenko O.M. , Moysa I.I. , Poniatovskyi V.A.
Published: November 2024

Full-scale hostilities in Ukraine led to an unprecedented number of victims with serious injuries, including gunshot wounds, broken bones, and mine-explosive injuries. Wound infections are one of the main causes of non-combat losses of personnel. A prerequisite for the development of a wound infection, among other things, is high microbial contamination of combat wounds. Major bacteria causing such infections are staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis), streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes, St. agalictiae), enterococci (Enterococcus faecalis), gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii), anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium perfringens, Bacterioides spp.), etc. Modern data indicate a change in the current species composition of causative agents of wound infections, an increase both in the polyresistance of the microbiota to antibacterial drugs and in the frequency of biofilm formation protecting pathogenic microorganisms from antimicrobial therapy and the patient’s immune response. Such purulent bacterial infections require new approaches to therapy. Taking into account the large number of combat injuries in Ukraine, the use of bacteriophages as specific agents for the biological control of pathogenic microbiota is of particular importance. In view of the nature of injuries, phage preparations intended for the treatment of purulent-surgical infections of wound and burn surfaces are considered the most promising and in demand today. This review summarizes modern data on the use of phage preparations in clinics and in orthopedics and traumatology in particular. Issues of the delivery of phages to the focus of infection, their effective dose, duration of therapy, and the possibility of combining it with antibiotic therapy are discussed. Information about phage therapy programs that have already been implemented in some countries is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of bacteriophages for personalized therapy of severe patients are highlighted, and the prospects for further research are indicated.
Economic Evaluations of Health Care Interventions in Pediatric Hospital Care
Authors: Moretti Myla E. , Mahant Sanjay
Published: November 2024

The hospital medicine movement thrives in a health care environment committed to providing high-quality, safe, and value-based care. Hospitalists and hospitals continually grapple with many decisions regarding adopting new interventions and deadopting established ones. These decisions span the gamut from tests, treatments, and supportive care, to care models. Traditionally, the choice to adopt one intervention over another is commonly thought of in terms of its direct impact on patient outcomes, benefits, and harms. However, the evolving landscape of health care, characterized by increasing constraints on resources necessitates a broader perspective, one that includes a thorough consideration of the economic implications. The goal is not to minimize costs but rather to maximize value, outcomes achieved for money spent. Economic evaluations of health care interventions can provide this information by quantifying value and assisting health care providers, hospitals, and health systems in deciding which intervention to adopt. Economic evaluations deal with both inputs (ie, costs) and outputs (ie, consequences). Few economic evaluations in pediatric hospital medicine have been published, and many clinicians are unfamiliar with them. This paper discusses the economic evaluation of health care interventions with special attention to the pediatric hospitalist and hospital care. The paper aims to give readers an understanding of the key concepts underlying economic evaluations.
Зарубiжний досвід використання сучасних технологiй управлiння людськими ресурсами у сферi державної служби
Authors: Руснак Антон
Published: November 2024

У статті розглядається зарубіжний досвід застосування сучасних технологій управління людськими ресурсами в державній службі. Значна увага приділяється таким інноваційним підходам, як автоматизація, штучний інтелект (ШІ) та аналітика великих даних, що активно використовуються у передових країнах для покращення ефективності державного управління. Аналіз зарубіжного досвіду таких країн, як Німеччина, Велика Британія, Франція, Сінгапур та США, які досягли значних успіхів у впровадженні сучасних технологій у свої системи управління людськими ресурсами на державній службі. Зокрема, досліджуються підходи Німеччини до безперервної освіти державних службовців через інтегровані платформи, які забезпечують навчання, перепідготовку та підвищення кваліфікації службовців.
Незважаючи на численні труднощі в українських реаліях автоматизація державних процесів та впровадження новітніх технологій, досвід розвинених країн свідчить про те, що впровадження сучасних технологій може суттєво покращити функціонування державної служби. Вони здатні підвищити якість обслуговування громадян, забезпечити ефективне управління людськими ресурсами та оптимізувати робочі процеси. У дослідженні також приділяється увага питанням правового регулювання впровадження технологій у державну службу та ролі відповідних державних органів у забезпеченні підтримки цих процесів.
Значення статті полягає в узагальненні світових тенденцій та передових практик у сфері управління людськими ресурсами на основі використання сучасних технологій, а також у визначенні шляхів їх адаптації для України. Розглянуто питання правового та організаційного забезпечення впровадження інновацій у державне управління, а також роль керівництва держави у підтримці таких процесів. Висновки, представлені у статті, мають практичне значення для вдосконалення державної служби в Україні та забезпечення її відповідності міжнародним стандартам.
Substantiable Eruca sativa biomass: from mass spectrometry to insights for biopharmacotherapy
Authors: Algreiby Azizah Abdulaziz
Published: November 2024

The use of medicinal plants to treat human ailments has received more attention recently. Eruca sativa (E. sativa; jarjeer) is a very popular edible plant of the Brassicaceae family with remarkable nutritional and therapeutic properties. In this frame, bioactive metabolites derived from E. sativa biomass have captured more attention in pharmacotherapy and biomedicine. This review focuses on recent advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), which have made the characterization of Eruca metabolites, such as glucosinolates and their derivatives, more feasible. Moreover, bio-pharmacological impact, viz. antiulcer, anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial, anti-obesity and hypoglycemic activities, cardiovascular benefits, and neuroprotective effects are discussed. This review concentrates all important research findings on these topics, and stresses upon the activities of chemistry and pharmacological areas. By stressing upon additional investigations, this paper emphasizes and appeals researchers and industrials to attempt a comprehensive knowledge of the pharmacological implications of Eruca species and improve their application in modern medicine.
5–6 metų amžiaus vaikų bendradarbiavimo įgūdžių ugdymo ypatumai fizinio aktyvumo veiklose
Authors: Gerasimovičienė Vilija , Parangovska Alena
Published: November 2024

Fizinis aktyvumas yra svarbus ne tik vaikų fizinei sveikatai, jų socialiniam ugdymui, bet ir emociniam vystymuisi. Vaikai renkasi fiziškai aktyvias veiklas ir kaupia patirtis pagal genetinius polinkius, kurie lemia tolesnę vaikų pažintinę raidą. Bendradarbiavimas 5–6 metų amžiuje yra ne tik svarbus socialinių įgūdžių ugdymui, bet ir asmenybės formavimui, padedant vaikams jaustis vertingais, įtrauktais ir sėkmingais bendruomenės nariais. Tačiau šiuolaikinių technologijų dominavimas vaikų kasdienybėje sukuria iššūkių, susijusių su vaikų socialinių įgūdžių stoka ir fizinio aktyvumo nepakankamumu. Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo atskleisti 5–6 metų amžiaus vaikų bendradarbiavimo įgūdžių ugdymą fizinio aktyvumo veiklose. Tyrime dalyvavo 7 ikimokyklinio, priešmokyklinio ugdymo mokytojai bei ikimokyklinio ir priešmokyklinio fizinio ugdymo mokytojai, dirbantys trijose Vilniaus m. ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigose. Siekiant atskleisti 5–6 metų amžiaus vaikų bendradarbiavimo įgūdžių ugdymą fizinio aktyvumo veiklose, atliktas mokytojų kokybinis tyrimas, taikant pusiau struktūruotą interviu metodą. Išvados. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad dauguma mokytojų sėkmingai įgyvendina įvairias fizinio aktyvumo veiklas, geba jas pritaikyti bendradarbiavimo įgūdžiams ugdyti. Tačiau išryškėja tendencija, kad fizinio aktyvumo metu mokytojai paprastai pasitelkia tuos pačius, įprastus būdus, tai galimai lemia nepakankamą vaikų įsitraukimą į veiklas. Mokytojai gerai supranta bendradarbiavimo įgūdžių svarbą, pastebi teigiamą fizinio aktyvumo veiklų poveikį vaikų formavimuisi.
Riebalinę masę klasifikuojančios normatyvinės lentelės sukūrimas Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo ištvermę ugdantiems sportininkams
Authors: Baranauskas Marius , Kupčiūnaitė Ingrida , Lieponienė Jurgita
Published: November 2024

Kūno kompozicijos ypatumai gali reikšmingai lemti sportininkų tiek fizines galimybes, tiek ir bendrą sveikatos būklę. Dabartiniu metu vis dar nėra visuotinai pritaikyto sportininkų kūno kompozicijos vertinimo modelio, o sporto specialistai dažnai taiko skirtingus matavimo metodus ir prietaisus, turinčius tam tikrų ribotumų. Tyrimo tikslas – pasitelkiant fizinį bioelektrinės varžos analizės (BIA) metodą išmatuoti Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo ilgo darbo ištvermę ugdančių sportininkų vyrų kūno sudėtį ir sudaryti kūno riebalinę masę klasifikuojančią normatyvinę lentelę. Tyrimo tikslui pasiekti buvo atliktas kiekybinis vienmomentis skerspjūvio tyrimas, kurio metu parengiamuoju varžyboms periodu buvo ištirti 19,8 ± 1,8 metų amžiaus, vidutiniškai 5,8 ± 1,0 kartus per savaitę, 181,7 ± 69,4 min. per dieną besitreniruojantys sportininkai (n = 89). Taikant BIA fizinį metodą, Lietuvos sporto centre buvo išmatuota ir įvertinta sportininkų kūno kompozicija. Atsižvelgiant į mūsų tirtų (taikant fizinį BIA metodą) sportininkų vyrų riebalinės masės matmenis, pagal procentilius (P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, P97) buvo apskaičiuotos riebalinės masės procentų intervalinės vertės ir kaip to padarinys šio tyrimo autorių sudaryta normatyvinė kūno riebalinę masę klasifikuojanti lentelė ilgo darbo ištvermę ugdantiems sportininkams vyrams. Atsižvelgiant į tai, kad neinvazinė bioelektrinės varžos metodu pagrįsta kūno kompozicijos analizė ir jos taikymas paplitę globaliai, šio tyrimo autorių sudarytas pažangus ilgo darbo ištvermę ugdančių sportininkų vyrų kūno riebalinės masės įverčių klasifikavimas gali būti taikomas rengiant perspektyvinės pamainos sportininkus olimpinėms žaidynėms.
DOCÊNCIA NA CRECHE: PERSPECTIVAS BRASILEIRA E ITALIANA ACERCA DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE CUIDADO E EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Fernandes Bessa de Oliveira Raiza , Sommerhalder Aline , Di Rienzo Paolo
Published: November 2024

O artigo apresenta o recorte de uma pesquisa de doutorado que tomou como foco concepções de profissionais de educação infantil de dois contextos educacionais diversos, o brasileiro e o italiano. Busca aprofundar discussões acerca da relação cuidado e educação, elementos centrais da docência na creche, pautando-se em referencial teórico que incluiu a literatura recente no campo da educação infantil e estudos de matrizes de pedagogia crítica, bem como leis e documentos educacionais brasileiros e italianos. De cunho qualitativo, a pesquisa foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com profissionais da rede pública municipal de uma cidade brasileira e de duas cidades italianas, sendo os dados organizados e descritos com base na Análise de Conteúdo. Da perspectiva brasileira, a análise dos dados leva a uma série de problematizações acerca da cisão entre essas duas dimensões na prática docente na creche, uma vez que o cuidado é assumido em sentido restrito e, muitas vezes, relacionado ao assistencialismo. Na realidade italiana, identificou-se um conceito amplo de cuidado, relacionado ao cuidado com o outro, com as relações e com o espaço. Discute-se as concepções docentes sobre o cuidado e educação mantém profunda relação com as realidades materiais e culturas pedagógicas das participantes e defende-se a necessidade de novas discussões de modo a garantir os direitos de bebês e crianças bem pequenas a uma educação e cuidado de qualidade, processo no qual a interlocução com outras realidades se apresenta como um elemento potente e enriquecedor para trocas interculturais em termos de aprendizagem profissional.
Long-term Radiation Signal Persistence in Urine and Blood: A Two-year Analysis in Non-human Primates Exposed to a 4 Gy Total-Body Gamma-Radiation Dose
Authors: Kosowski Emma , Olson John D. , Gardin Jean , Schaaf George W. , Nishita Denise , Authier Simon , Chang Polly , Brenner David J. , Fornace Albert J. , Cline J. Mark , Laiakis Evagelia C.
Published: November 2024

National security concerns regarding radiological incidents, accidental or intentional in nature, have increased substantially over the past few years. A primary area of intense planning is the assessment of exposed individuals and timely medical management. However, exposed individuals who receive survivable radiation doses may develop delayed effects of acute radiation exposure many months or years later. Therefore, it is necessary to identify such individuals and determine whether their symptoms may have been initiated by radiation and require complex medical interventions. We previously developed early response metabolomic biosignatures in biofluids from non-human primates exposed to a total body gamma radiation dose of 4 Gy (up to 60 days). A follow-up of these animals has been ongoing with samples consistently collected every few months for up to 2 years after exposure, providing a unique cohort to determine if a radiation signal persists longer than 2 months. Metabolic fingerprinting in urine and serum determined that exposed animals remain metabolically different from pre-exposure levels and from age-matched controls, and the pre-determined biosignature maintains high sensitivity and specificity. Significant perturbations in tricarboxylic acid intermediates, cofactors and nucleotide metabolism were noted, signifying energetic changes that could be attributed to or perpetuate altered mitochondrial dynamics. Importantly, these animals have begun developing diseases such as hypertension much earlier than their age-matched controls, further emphasizing that radiation exposure may lead to accelerated aging. This NHP cohort provides important information and highlights the potential of metabolomics in determining persistent changes and a radiation-specific signature that can be correlated to phenotype.
Miner’s rule on sand and kaolin under one-dimensional conditions: experimental evidence and numerical inspection with hypoplasticity
Authors: Polo-Mendoza R. , Mašín D. , Duque J. , Najser J.
Published: November 2024

This article presents the results of an experimental programme devoted to inspecting the validity of Miner’s rule under one-dimensional conditions on Zbraslav sand and Malaysian kaolin. For this purpose, a series of stress-controlled oedometer tests were performed, considering packages of cycles with varying axial stress amplitudes in different sequences. The experimental results suggest that Miner’s rule is valid under one-dimensional conditions for both types of soils. Furthermore, a numerical inspection of the experimental tests was conducted, employing advanced hypoplastic models extended with the intergranular strain improvement. The comparison between experimental measurements and numerical predictions reveals that the models were able to accurately reproduce the experimental tests. However, they only predicted Miner’s rule for certain sets of material parameters.
Utilization of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles to harness their electrochemical characteristics
Authors: Kumar Yogendra , Pandey Avinash Kumar , Singh Pragya , Singh Man Vir , Raza Waseem , Hasan Imran
Published: November 2024

The cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized using cobalt nitrate and ferric nitrate as precursor materials by combustion method using sucrose as a fuel. The cobalt ferrite nanoparticle materials were analyzed through field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. FESEM and XRD techniques reveal that the cobalt ferrite particles are in the crystallite nano range, with their size ranging from 10 to 14 nm. The cobalt ferrite nanoparticle materials have been thermally analyzed by Mettler Toledo and thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry 3+ model; the nanoparticles were found thermally stable at 450°C temperature. Galvanstate 101 (the Netherlands) with three-electrodes system and AUTOLAB potentiostats were used to test electrochemical properties during the synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticle materials; the oxidation and reduction potentials were found to be 384 mV and 186 mV, respectively. Oxidation and reduction currents were found at 35.9 μA and −25.5 μA, respectively. The electrode was made from cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for application, and their properties were excellent.
Verb Phrase Ellipsis with nominal antecedents: the case of polar nouns
Authors: Miller Philip , Hemforth Barbara
Published: November 2024

This paper brings new theoretical and experimental evidence to bear on the classical question of whether Verb Phrase Ellipsis requires a syntactically identical antecedent and how it differs, in this respect, from the Verb Phrase Anaphor do it. We focus on the case of VPE with nominal antecedents and argue that it is always grammatical. Its acceptability is variable and is predicted by a discourse condition on VPE, namely that VPE prefers a salient alternative in the discourse context and that the elliptical clause must select one branch of the alternative (Miller and Pullum 2014). We argue that nominal antecedents are only acceptable in those special cases where a noun can express such an alternative. Specifically we focus on the case of ‘polar nouns’, which can function as a type of polar concealed question, making a polar alternative salient. We provide experimental evidence, based on online acceptability judgments, showing (i) that VPE is judged more acceptable than do it when the discourse condition is met, regardless of whether the alternative is expressed by a verb or a noun; (ii) that nominal antecedents are judged slightly less acceptable than verbal antecedents in such cases. In conclusion, we argue that VPE simply requires accessing an antecedent satisfying the discourse constraints within the context but that the heuristic strategies of the parser make use of all available evidence, including syntactic structure in short term memory, making syntactically identical antecedents easier to process and hence slightly more acceptable.
ACADEMICIAN URAZAEV – AN OUTSTANDING SCIENTIST AND STATESMAN: A LOOK THROUGH THE PRISM OF TIME AND EVENTS
Authors:   Tashkent State Law University, Burkhanova L. M.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: the article is devoted to the activities of one of the authors of the constitution of the independent Republic of Uzbekistan, an outstanding legal scholar, academician Sh. Z. Urazaev In the context of the adoption on april 30, 2023 of a new version of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Academician Sh. Z. Urazaev for a long time he conducted teaching and organizational work at the Tashkent State Law University (former Tashkent State University). Sh. Z. Urazaev conducted research in the field of theory and history of state building in Uzbekistan. He was the Chairman of the Constitutional Supervision Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Acting Chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Commissioner of the Oliy Majlis for Human Rights, Deputy of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan. As the head of the working group on the development of the draft Constitution of the independent Republic of Uzbekistan, he took an active part in its development. The article considers the great work of academician Sh. Z. Urazaev in the training of highly qualified legal personnel, young researchers. An analysis of the provisions enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan of 1977 was carried out in the context of modern transformations in the state and public life of the country.
WORK ON PARENTAL LEAVE: THEORY AND PRACTICE ISSUES
Authors:   Perm State University, Vasilyeva Yu. V. , Shuraleva S. V. ,   Perm State University
Published: November 2024

Abstract: the absence in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation of a maximum duration of part-time work for persons working on parental leave creates uncertainty in judicial practice in disputes between employers and the Social Fund of Russia regarding the payment of insurance compensation. When refusing to employers, the Social Fund of Russia and the courts, as a rule, appeal to the fact that child care benefits (which should be compensatory in nature) with a slight reduction in working hours become an additional material incentive. In such a situation, the employee is recognized as a subject abusing his right. Based on the analysis of the practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and arbitration courts, as well as the rule-making initiative of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation, the authors come to the conclusion that there is an emerging trend in changing the functional purpose of child care benefits: from compensation for lost earnings to measures to support fa­milies with children. The authors believe that this benefit should be provided to a parent (person replacing him), working, including under normal working hours, regardless of the family’s needs.
Filosofía de la historia, utopías y proyecto de los Pasajes en Walter Benjamin: algunas claves teórico metodológicas
Authors: Casas Alejandro
Published: November 2024

Se presentan algunos elementos significativos de la filosofía de la historia de Walter Benjamin, a partir de su conceptualización del tiempo histórico y de una particular configuración entre pasado, presente y futuro, desde su perspectiva mesiánica y con foco en las utopías. Para ello se presentan algunas de las categorías e imágenes dialécticas de Benjamin que se basan, fundamentalmente, en algunos trabajos más maduros y políticos como el Libro de los Pasajes, además de las tesis de Sobre el concepto de historia. La propuesta se ubica desde un primer avance –en este caso individual– del Proyecto Colectivo de Uruguay en el marco del programa Servicio Social en la Historia, sobre “Cuestión social, luchas sociales y Trabajo Social en el Uruguay de los orígenes de la dictadura al neoliberalismo”. Se buscará contribuir con algunas reflexiones y categorías teórico-metodológicas para el posterior estudio de los procesos sociohistóricos, las luchas sociales y el trabajo social.
Mujeres, acciones afirmativas y capacidades humanas
Authors: Mendieta Pineda Luz Mireya , Niño Hernández Wilmar , Pérez Martínez Edson Romario
Published: November 2024

El presente artículo busca determinar elementos argumentativos dentro de las discusiones de los estudios feministas. Principalmente, frente al alcance de las acciones afirmativas, la teoría de las capacidades humanas y el feminismo internacionalista de Martha Nussbaum. La investigación plantea que la teoría propuesta por la filósofa estadounidense permite dar una respuesta más clara al problema estructural de la desigualdad y la discriminación que tienen las mujeres en el ámbito público. Se determina que las dinámicas en lo correspondiente a las acciones afirmativas para el alcance de igualdad se observan sin un alcance gradual en el ámbito formal y material, bajo dinámicas de la presencia constante de violencia y exclusión en temas de género.
Serviço Social no Brasil: organização política e a virada crítica
Authors: Avelar de Oliveira Ana Luiza , Moljo Carina Berta , De Souza Lemos Esther Luiza , Santana Borges Maria Elizabeth , Souza Bravo Maria Inês , Castro de Matos Maurilio
Published: November 2024

O artigo apresenta parte da investigação em desenvolvimento sobre a organização política de assistentes sociais no Brasil, analisando as determinações particulares que favoreceram a virada crítica do Serviço Social e a construção do chamado Projeto ético-político-profissional. O argumento central considera que este resulta em grande parte do processo organizativo da categoria na disputa pela direção ético-política das organizações profissionais. Os anos 1960-1970 se evidenciam como uma singular marca do processo histórico da profissão e do envolvimento de assistentes sociais no Brasil no âmbito das relações internacionais. A exposição explicita o rico processo histórico que permitiu a construção de hegemonia e de conquistas para a profissão, na relação com a sociedade. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica da literatura existente e de documentos da área.
Being Pivotal: History, Fairness, and Political Action
Authors: Sparenborg Lukas , Moellendorf Darrel
Published: November 2024

In this article, we critically engage with Henry Shue’s insightful book The Pivotal Generation. We will focus predominantly on the book’s first two chapters as well as the final chapter, in which Shue justifies the claim that we are the pivotal generation and relates it to discussions of (historical) responsibility. More concretely, we engage in his arguments about the ‘illusions of separations’, his arguments on (historical) responsibility, as well as the struggle for political progress, which Shue turns to in the final chapter of the book.
A Reply to Commentators
Authors: Shue Henry
Published: November 2024

The discussants have insightfully pursued a number of important issues, including the following: how demanding the urgent duties to slow climate change are; the role of fairness in explaining the historical responsibility of the nations with the greatest cumulative emissions; the extent to which corporate self-interest can be mobilized to support carbon dioxide removal; the extent to which the current (pivotal) generation ought itself to bear the costs of action to protect future generations, as well as to take the actions necessary to bring about an early peak and rapid decline in emissions; and the diversity of the possible bearers of various climate duties that is obscured by my promiscuous use of ‘we’. I have tried to respond in ways that will carry the discussions forward for people who have read the book.
A standard pipeline for processing short-read sequencing data from Littorina snails v2
Authors: Reeve James , Ghane Amin , Barry Pierre
Published: November 2024

Short-read whole-genome sequencing helps us to understand the genetic mechanisms underpinning evolution. To go from raw reads to variants requires a bioinformatic pipeline. Processing sequence data in bioinformatic pipelines is intricate, with several intermediate steps that have a plethora of parameters and options. A default variant-discovery pipeline saves time and effort and makes diverse studies more comparable. This protocol explains the default pipeline we recommend for analysing short-read data from marine snails in the genus Littorina. The pipeline was designed based on our experience processing WGS data, and careful consideration of the available tools. We are presenting this protocol as a suggestion of how Littorina sequencing data can be processed, which can be used as a template for building more specific pipelines. For more general information about filtering next generation sequencing data see Hemstrom et al. (2024). Our hope is that through writing this protocol we can have more consistency among projects, leading to greater transparency for collaborators and providing a template which could be used to build pipelines for other organisms.
DESVELANDO FENÔMENOS PSICOSSOCIAIS DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM EM TEMPO DE COVID-19
Authors: Carvalho Silva Liscia Divana , Lima Cibele Silva , Corrêa Rita da Graça Carvalhal Frazão , Dias Rosilda Silva , Sousa Santana de Maria Alves de , Azevedo Patrícia Ribeiro , Castro Polyanna Freitas Albuquerque , Cunha Natália de Jesus Sousa
Published: November 2024

Diante de um cenário tão complexo como a pandemia por covid-19 para lidar com as intempéries apresentadas, houve a necessidade de ressignificação do “ser humano” e do “ser enfermagem”. A proteção de si próprio e do outro passa a ser imperiosa. O objetivo do estudo foi compreender os fenômenos psicossociais em profissionais de enfermagem durante a pandemia por covid-19. Estudo qualitativo, fenomenológico, desenvolvido no Centro Obstétrico de um Hospital Universitário do Maranhão, Brasil. O referencial teórico-metodológico foi à fenomenologia de Martin Heidegger. A entrevista foi realizada em maio e junho de 2023, totalizando 23 profissionais de enfermagem, sendo 11 enfermeiros e 12 técnicos de enfermagem. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Identificou-se três unidades de significado: O ser- psicológico e covid-19; O ser-família e covid-19; O ser-social e covid-19. O ser-psicológico e covid-19 enfrentou tensões que ocasionaram ansiedade, estresse e esgotamento emocional agravados pela dor, sofrimento, distância, morte e perdas. O ser-família e covid-19 revelou o medo de contaminar seus familiares e a preocupação em dar-lhes atenção, cuidado e alterou a sua interação, solidariedade e afetividade, favorecendo a reflexão sobre sua existência e transcendência. O ser-social e covid-19 deparou-se com mudanças na rotina social, impondo um afastamento físico, alterando o seu cotidiano e trazendo uma transformação na sua postura. Os profissionais de enfermagem relataram mudanças significativas em si mesmo, no outro, na afetividade de suas relações interpessoais e na enfermagem de forma nítida, fazendo-os refletir diante de um cenário trágico, sobre a sua própria consciência, existência e finitude.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Covid-19. Enfermagem. Filosofia em Enfermagem. Psicossocial.
GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT (TLP)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zaitsev D.V. , Prohorov O.A. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Sieliykov O.V. ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine, Semeha S.M. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Solodeeva L.V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

The article reveals the basics of unit management and substantiates the systematic planning and preparation for the tasks assigned by the commanders of mechanized units according to NATO standards. The procedure for managing units, the beginning of management functions (activities) of the platoon commander after receiving a previous combat order, combat order or combat order from the senior commander until the end of the task. After receiving a new (updated) task, the process of managing units begins from the beginning, according to the identified and justified 8 steps of the procedure of managing units. At the same time, the general algorithm of actions of the platoon commander - planning, calculation of time, assessment of the situation, preparation of the unit, task execution, etc. remains stable and will be disclosed in the main part of the article. It is emphasized that the order of management of units includes a sequence of actions that helps commanders to effectively use the available time to issue orders and perform assigned tasks. The TOP (troop leading procedures) procedure is not a rigid set of rules that are followed in a certain sequence. Some actions may be performed simultaneously or in a different order from that specified in the presentation of the main material. The unit management procedure is a procedure applied according to the situation, tactical situation, combat experience of the platoon commander and unit commanders, availability of time for decision-making, weather conditions, etc. Tasks related to certain actions (such as starting the task, maintaining a preliminary order, conducting reconnaissance (reconnaissance)) in the process of execution may be repeated several times. Decision-making, as the final choice of action by the unit commander from the list of possible, is usually carried out at the nearest place to conduct hostilities - control point (command and observation post) after a clear, unambiguous awareness of the situation. The process of unit management begins when the platoon commander is notified of the future task by the relevant order of the senior commander and is carried out constantly from a stationary or mobile control point (CP) (command and control post – CCP). The final stage - control and verification of the plan takes place during the task by the commander. Current information on the order of management of units is processed in a limited time. All steps must be performed, even in abbreviated form. Thus, the proposed steps of the unit management procedure are aimed at helping the commander to quickly develop and issue a combat order.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SYNTHESIS OF EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF CONTINUING EDUCATION
Authors:   Odesa I. I. Mechnykov National University, Odesa, Ukraine, Gunchenko Yu.O. , Lienkov S.V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tolok I.V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Stepanenko Ye.O.
Published: November 2024

The decisive criterion for the effectiveness of any design is the construction of its architecture, which depends on the means and methods of implementing this system. Improving the system of continuing education in the military education system today is a huge number of programs that to some extent increase the effectiveness of training through adaptive dialogue with the user (as a student, cadet, associate professor, student and teacher). This article analyzes the basic principles of synthesis of educational and information systems for the organization of continuing education. The main factors that affect the quality of educational information systems (NIS) are considered, namely: the purpose of operation; operating conditions; topology of the object of research, the relationship between the tasks to be solved; formal description of staff training processes; functioning models; criteria for deciding on the possibility of using the results to select a system option; generalized parameters (characteristics) of NIS and restrictions; strategies (models) of training specialists in the conditions of uncertainty of initial data and periodicity of solving tasks. Synthesized function which should be smooth and monotonous; in critical cases must express the principle of minimax; in typical conditions must adhere to the principle of integral optimality; in intermediate cases should lead to pareto-optimal solutions that give different measures of partial satisfaction of the criteria. It is shown that the possibilities of traditional training methods are limited and cannot provide proper intensification of training of future military specialists. The way out is a fundamental turn from extensive to intensive teaching methods using promising NIS intensive training. The main advantage of such training systems is the ability to use simulation BAT, which includes the development and consequences of solving knowledge bases, to assess the effectiveness of decision-making by specialists in a variety of options. It is stated that the creation of NIS intensive training and the organization of their functioning in the form of a two-phase model of intensive training provides professional training to the required (maximum possible) level of training at a certain financial and time costs.
ADAPTIVE METHOD OF CONTROLLING AUTOMATED TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi National University, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine, Muliar І.V. , Orlenko V.I. ,   Khmelnytskyi National University, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine, Ostrovskiy I.I. ,   Khmelnytskyi National University, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine, Riaba L.O. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

The article proposes an approach to the process of managing technical objects based on the integration of sensor data processing. Intelligent control methods have found application in various tasks, in particular in robotics. In systems that work in real time, the robot agent must rationally solve the tasks that are set before him with minimal resource costs. In real time, the use of high-precision multicriteria optimization methods is difficult, so agents often solve the problem by approximate methods using problem-oriented heuristics. Analysis of materials on the problem of management shows that the creation of an effective management system requires the use of qualitatively new approaches to information processing, which should be based on finding features of action in the past, their adaptation based on hierarchical representation. The most promising direction in the creation of such systems is the use of modern neural networks for the classification of precedents and the formation of new actions based on the precedent approach. When developing a model of agent behavior, it is proposed to expand the standard solutions, using elements of the biological approach in artificial intelligence. To do this, agency activities are carried out through the interaction of the classification and executive parties. As a classification part modern types of the artificial neural networks convoluted in our case are used. Models based on Markov chains are responsible for the executive part. An artificial neural network receives and classifies information from different types of external sensors and internal receptors of the agent to identify the initial conditions of the agent, the purpose of the action and determine on their basis the sequence of actions performed by the agent. The use of the adaptive method is to replace the purpose and initial conditions of the selected precedent with a new task and initial conditions and ensure the implementation of the plan after the replacement. Some of the steps in the original plan may not be necessary, as the goal they have sought has changed. The main actions can be performed separately or combined in sequence depending on the success of the goal.
Las definiciones lingüísticas de ‘leonés’ en los Diccionarios de la Lengua Española
Authors: Joven Romero Marco Antonio
Published: November 2024

La Real Academia Española (RAE) regula el español desde el año 1713, y ha incluido términos referentes a hechos lingüísticos en sus diccionarios, incluyendo al leonés, no sin debate. En el siglo XX, el leonés resurgió en interés académico, social y cultural, y, en consecuencia, las primeras definiciones de ‘leonés en los diccionarios de la RAE aparecieron en los años 80. Este artículo explora analíticamente la evolución histórica de las definiciones de ‘leonés, tratando su contenido y su lógica interna. El análisis abarca todas las definiciones de ‘leonés’ en los Diccionarios de la Lengua Española (DLE), tratando también los términos apuntados en las mismas: ‘asturleonés’, ‘dialecto’ y ‘romance’.
Aqueous CdSe Quantum Dot Molecular Beacon for RNA Detection
Authors:   , Slagle Hannah Martha , Shih Wan , von Reyn Catherine R.
Published: November 2024

The gold standard for nucleic acid detection uses PCR to amplify the nucleic acid followed by gel electrophoresis or fluorescent label for detection. As such, PCR is not suitable for in situ monitoring of genetic drug delivery in real time. Molecular beacons (MBs) are fluorescently labeled probes whose quenched fluorescence is unleashed when hybridized with a target gene that can be used for in-situ detection of a gene of interest in real time. Current fluorophore-based molecular beacons are specific for nucleic acid detection; however, the organic fluorescent dyes (fluorophores) are not very bright and are prone to photobleaching. Quantum dots (QDs) are fluorescent nanoparticles that do not photobleach and are much brighter than fluorophores. The goal of this thesis is to develop cadmium selenide (CdSe) aqueous quantum dots (AQDs) MBs with the CdSe AQD at the 5' end of the MB and a quencher, BHQ-2 on the 3' end to detect and target a 43-nt synthetic RNA sequence (from the orf1a gene of the SARS-CoV2 virus) as the model target RNA. In the absence of the target RNA, the AQD MB is in the hairpin conformation with the quencher near the AQD that reduces the fluorescence intensity. Upon binding to the target RNA sequence, the hairpin structure of the AQD MB opens. This moves the quencher away from the AQD and recovers the fluorescence of the AQD. The CdSe AQDs were first stabilized with dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) prior to chemical conjugation to the quencher as a model, and eventually to the hairpin at various hairpin/AQD ratios. A 5:1 hairpin/AQD ratio yields the optimal efficiency, 99%, of hairpin conjugation due to the high density of carboxyl functionality on the AQD surface. The CdSe AQD MB successfully exhibits fluorescence recovery upon binding of target RNA. It was found that there was a correlation between the hairpin/AQD ratio, and the target RNA concentration needed for maximal PL recovery - less target RNA can achieve PL recovery with decreasing hairpin/AQD molar ratio. For the optimal hairpin/AQD ratio of 5:1, the recovery increases linearly with an increasing target RNA concentration up to 100 nM.
How to Design an Online Course Creating a Strong Sense of Teacher Presence
Authors: Asotska-Wierzba Yuliya
Published: November 2024

The article analyses how a group of Polish university students responded to the physical absence of a teacher while attending an asynchronous online course designed to create a sense of virtual presence. The following research questions were formulated: What are the blueprints for the design of an online course that ensures a sense of teacher presence? How did students evaluate the teacher’s presence on the online English Course for Spatial Planning (e-ECSP)? The study was carried out with the participation of 44 university students. The findings suggest that a properly constructed e-course incorporating teacher-led activities contributes to a sense of teacher presence.