bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcium Levels Differences in Men with Schizophrenia Treated with Olanzapine and Risperidone in Prof. Dr. M Ildrem Psychiatric Hospital Medan
Authors: Starki Starki , Loebis Bahagia , Husada Surya M. , Mahdinasari Nazli N. , Efffendy Elmeida
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Second generation of antipsychotic medications is widely administrated in Indonesia and there is a distinctive difference in plasma calcium level in those receiving risperidone and olanzapine. According to several studies, decreased bone density is one of the deleterious effects affecting schizophrenic individuals receiving risperidone and olanzapine.

AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the difference in serum calcium levels between men with schizophrenia who treated with olanzapine and risperidone at Prof. Dr. M Ildrem Psychiatric Hospital, Medan.

METHODS: This is an experimental pre-test and post-test that compares two groups, namely the intervention group and the control group. Eligible subjects are those who meet our inclusion criteria in the following; age between 15 and 35 years old, total score of PANSS between 90 and 150, and normal serum calcium level. The subjects of the study were 60 men with schizophrenia, namely 30 who received olanzapine and 30 who received risperidone. The sampling method is non-probability sampling with a consecutive sampling type.

RESULTS: There was a decrease in the total serum calcium level with the antipsychotic risperidone and olanzapine after 4 weeks, and a higher decrease occurred in the risperidone treatment group compared to olanzapine (p = 0.023).

CONCLUSION: There was a significant decrease in serum calcium levels among men with schizophrenia who received risperidone therapy compared with those who received olanzapine therapy between the beginning and the end of week 4. It is expected that clinicians can consider giving antipsychotic therapy olanzapine in people with schizophrenia with low calcium levels.
Potential Link between T102C Polymorphism in the Serotonin Receptors (5-HT2A) Gene and Treatment Response of Risperidone on Schizophrenia
Authors: Syamsuddin Saidah , Fatimah Andi , Idrus Faisal , Lisal Sonny T.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia affects 1% of population and its molecular etiology remains enigmatic despite enormous study. Approximately one-third of patients failed to respond with treatment. The 5-HT2A receptor appears to be one of important site of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs. It also has been suggested that the T102C gene polymorphism alters promoter activity and expression of 5-HT2A receptors and might be responsible for the associations with the efficacy of typical antipsychotics.

AIM: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential link between T102C polymorphism in the Serotonin Receptors (5-HT2A) and their response to risperidone.

METHODS: We studied 100 schizophrenia patients and 100 healthy volunteers as a comparison of 5-HT2A receptors gene polymorphism distribution, which were all Indonesian. The peripheral blood samples were obtained from all participants. The patients assessed by Positive and Negative Scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) when admitted to the hospital. Clinical improvements then assessed 5 times in 4 weeks (when transferred to sub-acute ward, at the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd, and the 4th week). To analyze the T102C polymorphism of 5-HT2A receptor gene, we used an allele specific polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.

RESULTS: In this study, there were three various polymorphisms of T102C in the serotonin receptor (5-HT2A) gene: T/T, C/C, and T/C. The patients who had homozygous for T/T genotypes were found to give better improvement to risperidone than the patients who were C/C and T/C genotypes (P:0.001). Moreover, the patients with C allele genotype T/C and C/C had minimal response (P:0.001). We found no significant difference distribution of genotypes between schizophrenia patients and healthy volunteers (P:0.498).

CONCLUSION: Our result supported that there was a potential link between T102C polymorphism in the serotonin receptor (5-HT2A) gene and treatment response of risperidone. It suggested the importance of genetic screening such as examination of the Serotonin Receptor 5-HT2A (T102C) gene polymorphism to be performed to optimize therapeutic strategies with antipsychotic.
Improving the registration process in a healthcare facility with lean principles
Authors: Nino Valentina , Martinez Kenneth , Gomez Karina , Claudio David
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Process improvement in service industries, like the registration process in a hospital, can be achieved with the application of lean principles. In this specific case, lean principles were essential to analyze and improve patient satisfaction in a hospital in Montana. The clinics involved in the study included pediatrics (P), internal medicine (IM), and cardiology/pulmonary (CP). The purpose of this study was to address difficulties regarding patient satisfaction on the registration and check-in processes.Design/methodology/approach: Direct observations and patient surveys were initially made to understand the processes and identify the initial causes of dissatisfaction. A value stream map (VSM) was then used to break down even further the complexity of the patient flow. A Fishbone diagram and a concept map were completed to get to the root of the dissatisfaction.Findings: The information obtained from the lean tools showed that patients questioned the need for having a central registration in combination with the check-in process when this combination generates duplications of steps that cause unwanted delays. Several recommendations were explored by the engineering team to mitigate these delays and improve the registration process reducing the number of patients complaints by 40%.Practical implications: This project illustrated the application of Lean principles to resolve issues regarding a central registration format in a healthcare facility.Originality/value: A concept map was used as a tool that helps business organizations in the development of creative and new ways of looking and solving process deficiencies.
Hotel room cleaning: Time study and analysis of influential variables in a Spanish hotel
Authors: Aguilar-Escobar Victor G. , Garrido-Vega Pedro , Majado-Márquez Julián , Camuñez-Ruiz José-Antonio
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Housekeeping is an important hotel process from the point-of-view of the number of work hours it takes and its impact on customer satisfaction. However, few previous scientific studies have addressed this topic or the variables that are determinants of the time required to clean a room.Design/methodology/approach: A stopwatch Time Study has been performed in a 4-star-hotel. Additionally, data on several variables that could affect cleaning time have been collected and subjected to regression analysis.Findings: Results show that only the task-related variables have a statistically significant influence on total cleaning time. None of the analyzed employee-related variables have any effect on cleaning time. Moreover, five tasks represent over 2/3 of the total cleaning time.Originality/value: In addition to empirically identifying the variables that influence cleaning time and to what extent, this study demonstrates the advantages of using stopwatch time studies to establish cleaning times.
De Oriente a Occidente. Una letra de bronce de cingulum militare hallada en el ager Tarraconensis
Authors: Ruiz de Arbulo Bayona Joaquín , López Vilar Jordi
Published: July 2021

Estudio de una letra de bronce hallada en las proximidades de Tarraco. Formó parte de la decoración de un cinturón militar con una inscripción que mostraría probablemente el nombre de su poseedor acompañado de la expresión utere felix, propio de la indumentaria militar característica del limes danubiano en los siglos II y III d. C. Se incluyen referencias a soldados orientales testimoniados epigráficamente en la ciudad.
Fornir los castells e vila de Murvedre. Las obras y el aprovisionamiento del castillo de Morvedre durante la guerra de Castilla (1365-1366)
Authors: Faus Faus Miquel
Published: July 2021

Los castillos eran la espina dorsal del sistema defensivo del reino de Valencia, así como de todos los estados feudales. A través del análisis de la contabilidad de un libro de obras relativo al castillo de Sagunt analizamos el papel de los castillos valencianos en la defensa del territorio y su importancia en la creación de tejido económico y en la movilización de mano de obra. El volumen es especialmente interesante porque también refleja el abastecimiento alimentario y la compra de armamento. Además, las cuentas analizadas se realizaron durante la Guerra de Castilla (1356-1375) uno de los momentos claves de la historia de la Corona de Aragón.
Artillería, pertrechos y reformas en Santiago de Cuba, siglo XVIII
Authors: Padrón Reyes Lilyam
Published: July 2021

Durante el proceso de reformas y modernización de la monarquía hispana a lo largo del siglo XVIII juega un papel fundamental el perfeccionamiento de las defensas imperiales en el espacio caribeño, y especialmente en Cuba. En el presente trabajo analizamos las propuestas que se implementarán en la ciudad suroriental de Santiago de Cuba como parte del proceso de renovación y actualización de sus defensas, especialmente en la provisión y el perfeccionamiento de la artillería de sus principales fortificaciones, a partir de las fuentes primarias localizadas en el Archivo General de Indias y el Archivo Nacional de Cuba. Ello nos permitirá contextualizar el modelo defensivo hispano del siglo XVIII de conjunto con el nuevo escenario geopolítico moderno que ubica al Caribe como un espacio natural del poder europeo.
Reactive Fibrous Materials for Decontamination of Chemical and Biological Threats
Authors: Bromberg Lev , Su Xiao , Martis Vladimir , Hatton T. Alan
Published: July 2021

Polyamines are water-soluble polyelectrolytes with the amino groups that can be used to attach the polymers onto functional surfaces of fibrous materials. In addition, polyamines can be readily modified by (super) nucleophilic groups such as (alkyl) aminopyridines that enhance the polymer’s ability to promote hydrolysis of organophosphorous chemical warfare agents. Furthermore, attachment of hydantoin moieties augments the number of the imide, amide, or amine groups on the polyamine’s chain, which provides oxidizing properties to the resulting modified polyamine after halogenation. We report on polyamines with side chains modified to contain both (4-aminopyridine, APy) and 5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene) hydantoin (HBH) functionalities with enhanced content of the active bromine. Virucidal activity of the APy-and HBH-modified polyallylamine against human coronavirus (type 229E) was tested both in solution and on nylon-cotton fabric. The polymers appeared to be effective in inactivation of the coronavirus, at both low concentrations and short exposure times.
Improvement of Biocomposite Performance under Low-Velocity Impact Test - A Review
Authors: Sanivada Usha Kiran , Mármol Gonzalo , Brito Francisco P. , Fangueiro Raul
Published: July 2021

The study of the impact energy and the composite behaviour plays a vital role in the efficient design of composite structures. Among the various categories of impact tests, it is essential to study low-velocity impact tests as the damage generated due to these loads is often not visible to the naked eye. The internal damages can reduce the strength of the composites and hence the impact behaviour must be addressed specifically for improving their applications in the transport industry. The main aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the work focusing on the assessment of biocomposites performance under low impact velocity, the different deformations, and damage mechanisms, as well the methods to improve the impact resistance.
Durable and Highly Dissipative Fibrous Composites for Strengthening Coastal Military Constructions
Authors: Signorini Cesare
Published: July 2021

Reinforced concrete strategic structures for military purposes are often established in coastalor offshore areas, widely subjected to chemical attacks, mainly due to an aggressive saline and acidenvironments. Porosity of cementitious conglomerates favour penetration of chlorides, which tend tocorrode the internal metallic rebar. The reinforcement of structures with fibrous composite materialsis a viable solution to restore the initial requirements of the building, especially when it exerts defence purposes. Among synthetic fibres, polyphenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO) is an organic fibre based on linked aromatic structures with high elastic modulus and tensile strength and highly dissipative attitudes. In this work, the assessment of durability of continuous fibrereinforced cementitious mortar (FRCM) composites is carried out comparing the mechanical performance of laminates subjected to uniaxial tensile tests. It is found that PBOFRCM presents high resistance against aggressive environments and specifically preserve its mechanical strength in the presence of saltwater, where other reinforcing materials undergo to a dramatic degradation process.
Epidermal Systems and Virtual Reality: Emerging Disruptive Technology for Military Applications
Authors: Marsili Marco
Published: July 2021

This review study, presented at the 2nd World Conference on Advanced Materials for Defense (AuxDefense 2020), focuses on skin as sensory interface and explores the latest discoveries in bioelectronic science. The work analyzes at what extent invisibility is possible by emulating nature, and if military applications can really benefit from technology that combines epidermal systems and virtual reality — and from next generation of wearable textile computing technologies.
Incremental Forming of AA8006 Aluminum Alloys Sheet with Different Step Size
Authors: Obaid Ahmed M. , Chiad Jumaa S. , Sadiq Ghanim Sh.
Published: July 2021

The main objects of this paper are to deal with the new technology of metal sheet forming using the incremental single-point tool to form the sheet metal. However, due to the needed long time to form the metal in incremental so that we used punching and then incremental forming to geometry the final shape of the product. By measuring the thickness and longitudinal strain and evaluating the hoop strain, it was noticed that the less depth in punching with less step size in incremental forming have a better strain effect in metal sheet forming. Keywords: Single point, incremental forming, Strain analysis, step size.
Resistance Spot Welding of Dissimilar Alloys 1008 Low Carbon Steel- 1100 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Jabber Hiba Kareem , Al-Shaibani Iman Jabber
Published: July 2021

The resistance spot welding is adopted to joint dissimilar alloys such as aluminum alloy 1100 , and low carbon steel alloy 1008 by using cover plate. This study aims to optimization the best conditions of dissimilar welding of Aluminum with low carbon steel by RSW, and improving the properties of joints by many method. three different variables were used for the welding process: welding current (5, 6 ,7 and 8 KA), weld time (0.5, 1 and 1.5 sec) and electrode force (13.2 and 15.5 N).The welding joints are ―examined by a scanning electron microscope SEM and a X-ray diffraction‖ for the purpose of discussing the causes of the improved characteristics. The results revealed that the best welding conditions were under welding current 7 KA , weld time 1 sec and electrode force 13.2 KN, where the joint possessed the maximum shear force (4.8KN) and after improvement the tensile shear force become (6.02 KN), in addition to presence of the intermetallic compounds at optimum condition , such as AlFe3,Al5Fe4 and Al13Fe4, in the joint layer between dissimilar metal improves of the tensile shear forces and hardness in fusion zone.
Investigation into the Distribution of Erosion-Corrosion in the Furnace Tubes of Oil Refineries
Authors: Jweeg Muhsin Jaber , Mohammed Karrar Ibrahim , Tolephih Moneer H. , Al-Waily Muhannad
Published: July 2021

Crude oil is one of the most important sources of energy in the world. To extract its multiple components, we need oil refineries. Refineries consist of multiple parts, including heat exchangers, furnaces, and others. It is known that one of the initial operations in the refineries is the process of gradually raising the temperature of crude oil to 370 degrees centigrade or higher. Hence, in this investigation the focus is on the furnaces and the corrosion in their tubes. The investigation was accomplished by reading the thickness of the tubes for the period from 2008 to 2020 with a test in every two year, had passed from their introduction into the work. Where the thickness of more than one point was measured on each tube in the same row and the corrosion rate was extracted for three furnaces, starting from the area of ​​heat transfer by radiation to the heat transfer area of ​​the convection in three different operating units. It was found that the highest percentage corrosion value between the standard tube thickness and the thickness of conduction position was 37% with the conduction zone, and 31% with radiation zone. There, the tubes specification was tested. Five percent Cr-0.5 Moly and the temperature of radiation zone was 578 °C to 613 °C and the stack temperature was 410 °C to 450 °C. So, the results show that the maximum erosion occur at the convection zone.
The Effect of Electrical Discharge Machining Total Heat Generated on White Layer Thickness (WLT) and Fatigue Life for Die Steel
Authors: Ali Saad Mahmood , Al-Khazraji Ahmed Naif , Amin Samir Ali
Published: July 2021

The present paper concerns with studying the high complexity nature of the EDM multiple discharge analysis transformed into a feasible solvable mathematical model for the die steel workpiece type AISI D2, the copper and graphite materials electrodes, and the kerosene dielectric by setting the Transient Thermal and the Multiphysics analyses domain loads models using the ANSYS 15.0 finite element analysis. Two load steps modeled the entering setting time analysis, six sub-periods setting time cycle, four heating, and two cooling periods, six transient temperature values, and four transient thermal convection models. The radius spark (discharge channel), the total number of discharges sparks, the total heat power generation, the absorbed heat flux fractions by the electrodes, the workpieces and kerosene fluid dielectric, the heat-affected zones (HAZ), the hard white recast layer thickness (WLT) and properties, the workpiece fatigue safety factor and life after EDM machining were determined and simulated. The thermal model errors compared with theoretical calculations and a modeled predicted equation were also deduced and verified. The experimental results evinced that the maximum total heat flux generated using the graphite material electrodes is (2.619E+009 W/m2) which is higher than when using copper material electrodes by (82.4%), while the minimum value of the white layer thickness (WLT) after EDM machining using graphite tool electrodes is (8.34 μm), which it gives an improvement comparing with using of copper tool electrodes by (40.0%). The macrographic and microstructure evaluation manifest that the discharge spark craters sizes when using graphite tool electrodes reached their sizes. The maximum fatigue stresses and fatigue safety factor when using copper tool electrodes are (240 MPa) and (0.89) which is higher by a value of (3.35%) and (3.45%) comparing with the using of graphite electrodes, respectively.
Improvement of Buckling Behavior of Composite Plates Reinforced with Hybrids Nanomaterials Additives
Authors: Al-Waily Muhannad , Jweeg Muhsin Jaber , Al-Shammari Mohsin Abdullah , Resan Kadhim K. , Takhakh Ayad Murad
Published: July 2021

Modifying buckling behavior of the composite structure has been investigated in the recent few years with different reinforcement fiber and powder materials and nanomaterials. It can be seen from previous studies that the addition of nanomaterials leads to a significant modification in the buckling behavior of structure by using a low mount of nanomaterials. In this work, reinforcement of composite materials using two types of nanomaterials together, SiO2 and Al2O3 nanomaterials, to modify the buckling behavior for plate structure is studied. Therefore, the investigation was done experimentally and numerically. The experimental work is performed by manufacturing composite plates with various weight fractions with the nanoeffect, and then their mechanical properties and buckling characterization were evaluated. The numerical work was done using the finite element method to estimate the plate structure’s buckling behavior with various nanomaterials effects. A comparison between the experimental and the numerical results for plate buckling behavior is expressed, showing that the discrepancy of the results was not more than 12.56%. Finally, the results showed that the buckling behavior for a reinforced plate was improved by 35% when two types of nanomaterials were used together.
Preparation and Study Optical Limiting of Gold Nps by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Distilled Water (DDDW)
Authors: Khudhair Zainab F. , Alnayli Raad Sh.
Published: July 2021

Abstrac. In the present work, gold nanoparticle (Au NPs) was synthesis by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) by using Q-switched, (Nd: YAG) (E=80mJ) (λ=532,1064nm) and Number of pulses (500)pulse of the gold metal target in deionized water. The optical properties were studied with a UV-vis spectrophotometer which tests the absorbance spectra and comparison of the generated nanoparticles solution. atomic force microscope (AFM) results show that the grain size increase by decreasing wavelength. The optical limiter of the resulting colloidal solution was studied.
Functionalization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Microwave Method
Authors: Alosfur Firas K. Mohamad , Ridha Noor J. , Haji Jumali Mohammad Hafizuddin , Radiman S. , Tahir Khawla J. , Hadi Huda Talib , Madlol Rajaa A. , Al-Dahan Nawras
Published: July 2021

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) probably hold with each other and agglomerated due to van der Waals force. Functionalized process was used to reduce its ability to agglomerate and to increase dispersion in solution. The present work is focused on the microwave irradiation in order to achieve rapid functionalization of MWCNTs compared with other known techniques. The power of microwave radiation was selected by investigating the structural integrity of the samples by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), while BET surface area measurement was used to measure the MWCNT surface area before and after treatment. The dispersion test in the solution was performed to determine the separation capability of untreated MWCNTs and f-MWCNTs.
The Effect of Nanostructured Zirconia Reinforcement on the Mechanical and Structural Properties of a Copper-Based System
Authors: Karim Ahmed S.H. , Majeed Zuheer Naji , Darweesh Salih Younis
Published: July 2021

Powder technology has a great impact on the industry and the need for the labor market since this technology has been used to manufacture copper-based composition models with a fixed rate of 5% of (SiC) with nanostructuring of (0,5,10,15,20) %. Regarding nanoscale zirconia (ZrO2), the mineral and ceramic powders were grinded with a grinding time of two hours for the purpose of homogeneity, then the powders were pressed at a pressure of 5 tons and a time of one minute only. Later, the properties were studied and the prepared samples were sintered at 900 °C for two hours.. The physical properties were represented by density and porosity, mechanical properties by compressive strength (samples failed) and wear and structural properties by SEM and EDS. The results showed that the true density and real porosity decreased with the increase in the size of the support ratios, while we noticed an increase in compressive strength with the increase of the added nanoscale ratios. As for the wear, its value decreased to reach the lowest value after sintering and at the ratio of 15% zirconia. Furthermore. the results of the scanning electron microscope showed that the ratio of 15% zirconia is the best percentage in terms of improving physical and mechanical properties. Keywords: nanozirconia, compressive strength, Thermal sintering, porosity.
Preparation and Characterization of (CO3O5, Fe2O3: Sn) Nanocomposite for Sensitize Photoelectrodes
Authors: Mohammed Haleemah  J.
Published: July 2021

Preparation of nanocomposite ( CO3O5,Fe2O3: Sn ) was chemically held from its raw materials as a first step of this research in order to manufacture photoelectrode , this nanocomposite was deposited on substrate glass using spraying technique and heat treatment by Nd: YAG laser pulse (LPD) . Experiments were conducted to study the surface topography of the nanocompound by (AFM) to determine the roughness of the prepared electrode, In addition, the structure characteristics were studied using the x-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the main phase. The second step of this research was designing a glass electrolysis cell containing our nanoelectrode and producing hydrogen. Finally the electrochemical parameters of the designed cell were studied Key words: nanocomposite (CO3O5,Fe2O3:Sn), Nd: YAG laser pulse (LPD) , Photoelectrodes; atomic force microscope.
Employment of DC Sputtering for Synthesizing Nano Cadmium Oxide for Sevoflurane Anesthetic Gas Sensor
Authors: Al-Ragehey Asmaa S.J.M. , Dakhil Osama Abdul Azeez , Saadoun Hussein , Mohammed Asmaa Hadi , Hassan Marwa
Published: July 2021

Thin films of CdO doped with AgNPs were deposited on ITO quartz substrates using DC sputtering protocol. The films were characterized using different techniques like XRD pattern for both undoped and doped one CdO NPs with silver nanoparticles, with various doping concentrations (0.4, 1.04, and 1.20) at%. It has been noticed from X-ray pattern that the nanostructured films possessed polycrystalline reflection patterns and the Prevailing orientation plane (111) on 2θ=33.35o in addition the reflection intensity increases with increasing of the doping concentration (1chip, 2chips and 3 chips) of Silver nanoparticles that chipped to the surface cadmium plate. Microstructures characterization of synthesized samples was studied using SEM. Images of SEM demonstrated that the particle size increases directly along with the number of implanting Silver NPs with three chips (1, 2 and 3) to the essential plate of Cd metal. EDXS spectroscopy counting the elemental composition using the atomic percentage, it has been demonstrated existence of silver in doped once. More, the percentage of silver content increase with increasing the number of Ag chips increases as follows The Ag content in the doped films of the cadmium metal plate with 1 attached is (1.39 wt. % for one Ag chip, 2.02 wt. % for two Ag chips while, the concentration has been increased further for three Ag chips to 3.24 at. %. Sensitivity of the manufactured device to Sevoflurane Anesthetic Gas Sensor indicates that the resistance decreases with the increase in the number of silver chips, and this is due to an increase of the pure charge carriers of the current. Keywords: Cadmium Oxide, Sliver, Structural Properties, DC reactive magnetron sputtering method, Sevoflurane Anesthetic Gas.
Concentration Effects on Characteristics of Gas Sensors Based on SnO2:Sb2O3 Thin Films
Authors: Aljarrah Radhyah Mahdy , Aljawdah Ali M.
Published: July 2021

In this research, SnO2 nanostructure thin films were fabricated by spray pyrolysis method, using concentration of tin (Sn) salt solution deposited on a glass substrate at temperature of 450 °C. The tin solution was prepared by solves 2.2563gm of SnCl2.2H2O (molecular weight 219.4954 g/mole) in 100 ml of ethanol, then add 60 drops of pure hydrochloric acid ( HCl) using drop by drop technique. Different concentrations of antimony oxide (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) hve been used to depose the thin films. The structure has been examined by X-ray diffraction technique, which shown that all films are polycrystalline with tetragonal rutile crystalline structure with preferential orientation in the (200) direction and, grain size decreases with increasing doping concentration. Optical measurements shown that the films are transparently in the visible region, with an average transmittance more then 80% and, sharp absorption edge nearly at 350 nm, the nature of the optical transition were direct allowed with band gap varies between (2.97 - 3.75 eV) which is directly proportional to doping concentration. The results also show that the doping has led to improved the response time of the sensing. Two kinds of gases NO2 and NH3 have been used to test the sensing performance, at different operating temperatures (R.T, 100, 200, 250, 300 and 350) oC , and bias voltage (3 Volt). For NO2 gas the highest sensitivity was 77%, the shortest response time 2.9 s and the recovery time 19 s, while for NH3 gas sensitivity was 11.5%, the response time 4.1 s and the shortest recovery time 20s,
Study of the Effect of Solvent Polarity on Transitions of Absorption and Fluorescence Spectrum of a Erythrosine Dye
Authors: AL-Ramahy Alyaa Abd-AL-Mehdy
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the absorption and fluorescence spectra of Erythrosine dye laser liquid solution dissolved with acetone and ethanol solution were studied in different concentrations (10-3, 10-4, 10-4 M). The results showed an increase in absorption and fluorescence intensity by increasing polarity of the solvent. Some of the linear optical properties of the prepared models were also studied. The results showed an increase in the absorbance, linear refractive index, and linear absorption coefficient with an increase in solvent polarity and the molar concentration against a decrease in the permeability value, as well as the quantitative production efficiency was calculated based on the results of the absorption spectra and fluoridation. The Purpose of the search Study the effect of solvent polarity on both absorption and fluorescence spectra, and on linear and electrical optical properties. Keywords: Erythrosine Laser dye, absorption, fluorescence spectra and Polar solvents (acetone and ethanol).
Synthesis and Characterization of Chemically Sprayed Cu2FeSnS4 (CFTS) Thin Films: The Effect of Substrate Temperature
Authors: Abed Mohammed. A. , Bakr Nabeel A. , Mohammed Saja B.
Published: July 2021

In this study, Cu2FeSnS4 (CFTS) thin films were deposited on glass substrates at different temperatures of 250, 300, 350, 400, and 450 °C using the chemical pyrolysis technique. This work aimed to study the effect of substrate temperature on film properties. The film's structural properties were obtained via X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The UV-Vis spectrum determined the optical properties; and the electrical properties were obtained through observation of the Hall effect. Analysis of XRD pattern showed that the CFTS thin films have a tetragonal structure with a main peak corresponding to the direction (112). Results of Raman spectroscopy displayed a unique peak at 318 cm-1, suggesting a quaternary compound of CFTS. The FESEM tests confirmed the presence of nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes. The CFTS films have a band gap of 1.77-1.92 eV and an absorption coefficient in the visible spectrum region higher than 104 cm-1, which confirms their use as an active layer in solar cells. The mea measurements of the Hall effect of the CFTS thin films showed a p-type conductivity for all films, with the maximum charge carrier density and mobility occurring at 400 °C, making them suitable for photovoltaic applications.
Theoretical Investigation in Coherent Manipulation throughout the Calculation of the Local Density of States in FM-DQD-FM Device
Authors: Najdi M. A. , AL-Mukh J.M. , Jassem H.A.
Published: July 2021

In this work, theoretical investigation in coherent manipulation throughout local density of states calculation for serially coupled double quantum dots embedded between ferromagnetic leads (FM-QD1-QD2-FM) by using the non-equilibrium Green's function approach. Since the local density of states are formulated incorporating the spin polarization and the type of spin configuration on the leads. Our model incorporates the inter-dot hopping, the intra-dot Coulomb correlation, the spin exchange energy and the coupling interactions between the quantum dots and leads. The results concerned to the parallel configuration at strong inter-dot coupling regime shows that the spin down electrons in the quantum dots may be more coupled coherently if the regime is tuned. The local density of states of the two dots for spin up electrons shows a broad hump with small splitting i.e. the case is decoherent for spin up electrons. In the case of weak interdot coupling it is obvious that the spin dependent density of states on the quantum dots show that the resonances are not well splitted. For the antiparallel configuration in the strong coupling regime, the spin dependent density of states of the double quantum dots show four peaks but with broaden and overlapping. In the case of weak coupling regime, the total spin dependent density of states, which have two peaks with certain board, one can conclude that the states are not coupled coherently. The case of the antiferromagnetic nature of the spin exchange interaction, our calculations for the parallel and antiparallel configurations (in strong and weak regimes) show a decoherence state.
Effect of SiO2 and Al2O3 Hybrid Nano Materials on Fatigue Behavior for Laminated Composite Materials Used to Manufacture Artificial Socket Prostheses
Authors: Dakhel Nesreen , Kadhim Ameer A. , Al-Khayat Rasha Hayder , Al-Waily Muhannad
Published: July 2021

Most artificial socket prostheses are applied to fatigue load; therefore, more failure of socket prostheses occur due to fatigue loading. Then, it was necessary to improve the fatigue characterizations of composite materials used to manufacture the artificial socket prostheses by using hybrid nanomaterials, with different types and amounts. So, this work suggested mixing two nanomaterials types to improve the mechanical and fatigue properties of composite materials. Therefore, the experimental work used to manufacture tensile and fatigue samples of composite with different nanoweight fraction effects, in addition to calculating the mechanical properties and fatigue behavior for its composite. There, strength and modulus of elasticity, in addition to, fatigue strength and life evaluating of composite with different nanomaterials mixing. Also, the numerical technique by using the finite element method is used to calculate fatigue life and strength of composite materials. Also, comparison fatigue results were calculated by experimental work with fatigue results evaluated by numerical technique to give the discrepancy for results evaluation. Hence, the comparison of results showed good agreement for the technique used to evaluate the fatigue behavior of composite materials with the nanoeffect, where, the maximum error did not exceed (11.86%). Finally, the results have shown that the reinforcement by mixing two Nanomaterial types lead to improvement in the mechanical properties and fatigue behavior to more than (35%) and increasing the mechanical properties and fatigue behavior to (10%) more than the increase of properties and fatigue characterizations reinforcement by one Nanomaterial type.
Characterization of Natural Rubber (NR), Polybutadiene Rubber (BR) and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Blends Cured in a Vulcanization System
Authors: Jweeg Muhsin Jaber , Al-Jlaihawi Zaid G.A.
Published: July 2021

In this work, the mechanical properties of three types of dough rubber NR, NR/BR, and NR/SBR have been investigated using five percentages of materials fill (30, 40, 50, 60, and 70) pphr. Carbon black was used as a filler material. The tensile test was achieved with 300% elongation and strain rates of (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500) mm/min. The tensile strength results indicate that the maximum value of tensile strength for NR Dough carbon black 60 pphr reaches 23.2 MPa; the maximum tensile strain of NR dough (carbon black 50 pphr) reaches 805.5%, and the modulus of elasticity with carbon black 70 pphr reaches 4.3 MPa. It was found that the compression strength decreases with increasing the carbon black, and the maximum value of compression set at NR dough (carbon black 30 pphr) reaches 29.3%. Fatigue crack growth was achieved according to ASTM D 813 for rubber testing. The minimum value of fatigue strength dough (carbon black 70 pphr) reaches 68 (IRHD). For NR dough (carbon black 30,40,50 pphr) reaches 3.5 mm at the number of cycles 15000 cycle. Finally, the maximum hardness of NR.
Neuronal Toxicity of CdS Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation and their Effect on Liver
Authors: Mahan Nazar Khalaf , Hassan Marwa Abdul Muhsien , Mohammed Asmaa Hadi , Khalee Rana Ismael
Published: July 2021

In this study, one hundred ten male white rabbits of the New Zealand type, weight (1-2) Kgm, age (12-18) month, obtained from local markets, rabbits was putted in specific cages specially made for this purpose one week before dosing, and under appropriate conditions of temperature (25-28) °C, a light period (14) hour per day. With good ventilation, the standard bush and water were provided to rabbits using aluminum containers in equal quantities. Rabbits were orally administered for two weeks with CdS nanoparticles (dose= 1ml/kg and concentration=20 μg/mL orally), after which blood was drawn from the rabbit's heart to make blood measurements and liver enzymes. Rabbits were dissected and liver was preserved with formalin for histological examination. Keywords: CdS Nanoparticles; Laser Ablation; Neuronal toxicity; Liver; Beta vulgaris L..
Investigation on Biocompatibility and Mechanical Properties of Ti15Mg Alloy
Authors: Al-Ethari Haydar , Jasim Sundus Abbas , Zamel Ekhlas Khalid
Published: July 2021

In this research work, bioactive Ti15Mg alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy route to investigate its biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Many tests were performed including X-ray diffraction; optical microscope analysis, scanning electron microscope analysis, ultrasonic wave test, corrosion behavior test, Static immersion test, and the wet sliding wear test. The XRD result shows that the prepared alloy sample consist of (α-Ti phase) and Mg. The microstructure of the prepared alloy sample consisted of a biodegradable Mg or pore and alpha titanium. The effect of the Mg content on degradability was tested based on simulated body fluid of Ringer solutions using electrochemical corrosion. The findings indicate that an elastic modulus of 47GPa exhibits the alloy. There were low corrosion rates of the alloy. The Ti matrix remained integrity after 14 days of immersion in the Ringer solutions, and the magnesium phase dissolved in the solution, causing a layer to form on the alloy. The wear behavior of the prepared ally at wet sliding conditions was evaluated using pin on disc method. The in vitro analysis showed good biocompatibility with Ti15Mg alloy. The prepared alloy demonstrates good biocompatibility and bioactivity.
Effects of Core Height, Cell Angle and Face Thickness on Vibration Behavior of Aircraft Sandwich Structure with Honeycomb Core: An Experimental and Numerical Investigations
Authors: Jweeg Muhsin Jaber , Bakhy S.H. , Sadiq S.E.
Published: July 2021

The aim of the present paper is to study the vibration behavior of a sandwich structure with honeycomb core experimentally and numerically with different design parameters. The natural frequency and damping ratio were obtained. Core height, cell angle and face thickness were considered as design parameters. Finite element models for the honeycomb sandwich were developed and analyzed via ANSYS finite element analysis (FEA) software. Response Surface Method (RSM) is used to establish numerical methodology to simulate the effect of the design parameters on natural frequency and damping ration. The employment of (RSM) provides a study of the effect of design parameters on natural frequency and damping ratio, numerical modeling of them in term of design parameters and specifying optimization condition. The experimental tests were conducted on sandwich specimens for the validity goal of the previous models created via the finite element analysis. The obtained results show that the natural frequency is directly proportional to the core height and face thickness, while it is inversely proportional to cell angle, Vice versa for damping ratio. Moreover, the optimum value of natural frequency (209.031 Hz) as minimum and damping ratio (0.0320) as maximum were found at 4.8855 mm of core height, 26.770 cell angle and 0.0614 mm face thickness.
Effect of Laser Surface Heat Treatment on Wear and Hardness Resistance of Metal Matrix Composite from (Al- 6061+ SiC Particles)
Authors: Hasan Mohammed Z. , Mohammed Mahmood A. , Yousif Isam E.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the effect of laser surface heat treatment on wear resistance and hardness of an aluminum alloy Al-6061 as a base material with different ratios of SiC particles as an additive was studied. The composite material was prepared from Al-6061 aluminum alloy and particles with a granular size of (10-70) μm with different weight ratios (15%, 12%, 9%, 6%, 3%), where the stirred plumbing technique was used to ensure An increase in the wettability of SiC particles in the base alloy fuse and the possibility of distributing it uniformly. The laser surface heat treatment of the composite material prepared using the Neodymium - YAG laser was performed with a power of 1J, a wavelength of 1.06 μm, a pulse time of 5 m sec, and a distance of 30 cm between the exit area of the laser from the system and the piece to be thermally treated. The results showed an improvement in the mechanical properties of the prepared composite material (hardness, wear resistance) after performing the surface heat treatment by laser. The increase in the hardness amount was 12.9% when adding 15% of particles to the base alloy. The results showed that the wear rate value decreases with increasing the added percentages of SiC particles. The results also showed that the surface heat treatment of the laser led to an improvement in the wear resistance of the prepared composite material and for all the added ratios of SiC particles at different loading pressures used and in close proportions. Also, the prepared samples were photographed using a regular optical microscope before and after the laser surface heat treatment.
Production Ceramic Crude Petroleum Filters from Local Raw Materials
Authors: Jabbar Huda , Muhi Enas , Hussien Tahseen
Published: July 2021

Crude petroleum filters were prepared from low-cost materials based on kaolin powder and combustible materials as palm fronds powder which acts as pore creating agent. The samples with different content (10, 20, 30,40) wt% of palm fronds powder (P.F) were fabricated using a dry pressing method and fired at 1100 °C. Crude petroleum filters were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive analysis (EDS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Physical properties (linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent density), mechanical properties (compressive strength and diametrical strength ) and Metallic Content.
Influence of pain-related psychological factors on therapeutic outcomes in patients with chronic low back pain after oxygen-ozone treatment: a case-series
Authors: Cantele Francesca , Tognolo Lucrezia , Caneva Francesca , Formaggio Emanuela , Copetti Valentina , Venturin Andrea , Caregnato Allegra , Masiero Stefano
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study was to identify the variables related to therapeutic success of intramuscular oxygen-ozone (O2O3) in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). Twenty-one patients underwent an eight-session intramuscular-paravertebral O2O3 treatment with a weekly frequency. Numeric Rating Score for pain (NRSp), anxiety (NRSa), mood (NRSm), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Physical and Mental Component Summary scores (PCS and MCS) of Short Form 12 (SF-12) were assessed baseline, after the treatment and at six-months follow-up. The ODI and NRSp scores showed significant improvement at the end of the treatment: the improvement in pain was maintained also at 6 months’ follow-up. A significant correlation between baseline NRSa and the variation of the NRSp and ODI was observed. There was a correlation between NRSm at baseline and the variation of the ODI. A moderate correlation between MCS-12 at baseline and the variation of the NRSp score was found. Surprisingly, patients with a more compromised psychological well-being due to LBP had better results after oxygen-ozone therapy. Therefore, NRSa, NRSm and MCS-12 scores could be useful predictors of good therapeutic outcome.
Application of unilateral rhomboid intercostal and subserratus plane block for analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Ökmen Korgün , Gürbüz Hande , Özkan Hakan
Published: July 2021

Background: Interfascial plane block can be used to treat postoperative pain after laparoscopic surgery. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided unilateral rhomboid intercostal and subserratus plane (RISS) block after laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the amount of analgesic consumption.Methods: Fifty patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in this quasi-experimental study. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analyzed in two groups: RISS group (RISS block with 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine + intravenous patient-controlled analgesia [IV-PCA] tramadol [n = 25]); and Control group (IV-PCA tramadol [n = 25]). The primary outcome was the total amount of tramadol used over 24 h. Secondary outcomes included side effects, additional analgesic use, and postoperative pain (at rest and during activity) at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h according to numerical rating scale (NRS) scores.Results: Postoperative tramadol consumption at 24 h was significantly lower in the RISS group than in the Control group (P < 0.001). Resting NRS scores at 2 h and 6 h were significantly lower in the RISS group. NRS scores during movement in the RISS group were significantly lower at 2, 6, and 12 h postoperatively. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of side effects and additional analgesic use between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Unilateral RISS block was an effective method for pain management after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and can be used as a part of multimodal analgesia.