bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wrong Train to Right Destination: Romantic Journey Motif in The Lunchbox
Authors: Banerjee Suddhasattwa
Published: December 2021

Purpose of the study: This paper attempts to analyze the theme of journey in The Lunchbox in the context of the varied strains of Romantic journey motifs present in 19th Century and early 20th Century Romanticisms prevalent in England, Germany, France, and America in the said period.

Methodology: It is primarily a revisionist study. I have attempted to place The Lunchbox in the context of Romantic literature, predominantly of the 19th Century and early 20th Century and meticulous textual analysis is the basic procedure for this venture.

Main Findings: The findings of this study indicate that the theme of the journey is a signature mark of Romanticism has been used in The Lunchbox for remapping geo-cultural imaginaries of contemporary Mumbai, one of the representative cities of South Asia. Journey to some exotic locale has always been considered as an added advantage to the fundamental narrative of a film.

Applications of this study: This study will be really helpful to those who want to have a clear idea of the common theme of journey present in different kinds of Romanticisms (Lovejoy, 1924) prevalent in England, Germany, France, and America in the 19th Century and early 20th Century. However temporally and spatially specific, this theme can transcend all the boundaries of time, space, and art form and can be traced in The Lunchbox.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The way this paper has attempted to place The Lunchbox in the context of the Romantic literature, predominantly of the 19th Century and early 20th Century, is quite unique, in my opinion. I have not come by any such venture especially relating this movie and the flourish of different Romantic philosophies prevalent in the mentioned segments of the globe in the said period.
Implementation of a Graphic Interface Development Tool for Prolog
Authors: Ivaniuk Nazar , Kucher Anton , Yuschenko Yury
Published: December 2021

The work examines the current problems of the spread of use of logical programming in the development of commercial multi-platform software applications, tools for convenient development of a modern graphical interface to the logical programs. Libraries with similar concepts of use have been analyzed and described. The purpose of the proposed concept, which is implemented as an open source library, is described, and the advantages of the proposed tools over similar existing tools are indicated. The main feature and advantage of the proposed concept is the implementation of Prolog business logic and interface by means of JavaScript usage of child processes. The proposed concept of interface to Prolog takes full advantage of the possibilities provided by async await. A framework library has been created for the use of Logic Programming in graphical interface development without losses in the application performance. The paper describes the proposed concept and the developed framework (library). The ways to further improve the possibilities for expanding the purpose of the implemented library were identified. The directions of further simplification for programmers of integration of the graphic interface to logical programs have been defined. A significant advantage of the proposed tool is the easy-to-use functions to wrap and control the correctness of requests to the Prolog. The main goal of the library is to create an environment for the Prolog developers where they can create any type of software, which is meant to be user friendly, fast, and cross platform using modern and flexible. This concept also tries to solve disadvantages and architectural problems that were found in other libraries. The safety of library functionality has been analyzed. The concept of potential horizontal application scalability is described. Conclusions and future of libraries were introduced, in which the usage of TypeScript for type-safety and avoidance of run-time errors is mentioned. Overall, the library extends the use of Prolog beyond logical programming and takes a leap forward in its progress.
Automatic Determination of Agricultural Plant Diseases
Authors: Afonin Andrii , Kundik Kyrylo
Published: December 2021

Machine learning technologies have developed rapidly in recent years, and people are now able to use them in various spheres of life, making their lives easier and better. The agro-industry is not lagging behind, and every year more and more problems in this area are solved with the help of machine learning algorithms. However, among the problems that have not yet been solved is the problem of identifying diseases of agricultural plants. According to the UN research, about 40% of the world’s harvest dies each year from various diseases, most of which could be avoided through timely intervention and treatment.To solve this problem, we offer an easy, accessible service for everyone, which will allow one to predict by the image of the plant leaves whether it is sick or healthy, or whether it needs any help or intrusion. This service will be indispensable for small farms engaged in growing crops. Thus, it will allow employees of such enterprises to immediately detect diseases and receive recommendations for the care of plants important to them.Therefore, it was decided to develop a neural network architecture that will solve this problem: the prediction of a plant disease by the image of its leaves. This neural network model is lightweight, does not take much time to learn, and has high accuracy on our dataset. It was also investigated which popular architectures (e.g. XceptionNet, DenseNet, etc.) of deep neural networks can have great accuracy in solving this problem. To realize the possibility of using the model by end users, i.e. farmers, it was decided to develop a special web service in the form of a telegram bot. With this bot, anyone can upload images of the leaves of agricultural plants and check whether this plant is healthy or free of any diseases. This bot is also trained to give appropriate advice to gardeners on the treatment of diseases or the proper cultivation of healthy plants.This solution fully solves the problem and has every chance to become an indispensable helper in preserving the world harvest.
Analysis of Selection Methods Used in Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Gulayeva Nataliya , Ustilov Artem
Published: December 2021

This paper offers a comprehensive review of selection methods used in the generational genetic algorithms.Firstly, a brief description of the following selection methods is presented: fitness proportionate selection methods including roulette-wheel selection (RWS) and its modifications, stochastic remainder selection with replacement (SRSWR), remainder stochastic independent selection (RSIS), and stochastic universal selection (SUS); ranking selection methods including linear and nonlinear rankings; tournament selection methods including deterministic and stochastic tournaments as well as tournaments with and without replacement; elitist and truncation selection methods; fitness uniform selection scheme (FUSS).Second, basic theoretical statements on selection method properties are given. Particularly, the selection noise, selection pressure, growth rate, reproduction rate, and computational complexity are considered. To illustrate selection method properties, numerous runs of genetic algorithms using the only selection method and no other genetic operator are conducted, and numerical characteristics of analyzed properties are computed. Specifically, to estimate the selection pressure, the takeover time and selection intensity are computed; to estimate the growth rate, the ratio of best individual copies in two consecutive populations is computed; to estimate the selection noise, the algorithm convergence speed is analyzed based on experiments carried out on a specific fitness function assigning the same fitness value to all individuals.Third, the effect of selection methods on the population fitness distribution is investigated. To do this, there are conducted genetic algorithm runs starting with a binomially distributed initial population. It is shown that most selection methods keep the distribution close to the original one providing an increased mean value of the distribution, while others (such as disruptive RWS, exponential ranking, truncation, and FUSS) change the distribution significantly. The obtained results are illustrated with the help of tables and histograms.
Agent-Based Modeling of Collaborative Work
Authors: Gorokhovskyi Semen , Radziievska Oleksandra
Published: December 2021

In the modern world, it is no longer enough to simply create a product that performs its function, but it should perform it better than thousands of competitors. However, the problem is that human intellectual abilities are limited and many complex tasks are beyond the capabilities of a single person. The natural way of raising our intellectual level is to build teams to share our experience, knowledge, and worldview to create something beyond the capacity of the individual.Thus it is not surprising that according to a recent ranking, collaborative skills are considered most essential in the 21st century [2]. To cope with all challenges and create high-quality products, there should be a team whose members are experts in communication, discussion, problem-solving, and critical thinking. In addition, it is important to manage the team effectively. To do so, it is necessary to know more about the social processes which take place inside a team. Agent-based modeling can be an effective tool to gain such insights.Agent-based modeling is a powerful instrument for simulating different processes, including social ones. This technology was formed under the influence of many other fields such as artificial intelligence, sociology, game theory, and so on.In this article, a model which simulates human interaction in the framework of «Wilderness Survival: A Consensus-Seeking Task» is used to demonstrate the core principle of agent-based modeling. The group of agents complete a test by themselves and afterwards discuss their answers to reach a consensus and achieve the best score.It will be analyzed which human character traits are more important for successful collaborative work. Situations in which some team members are not interested in the team success will be identified. Also, a user interface is provided to enable running custom experiments to better understand how specific character traits impact the team results.
Towards Creating a Static Design Pattern for Double Dispatching Model Signatures
Authors: Boublik Volodymyr
Published: December 2021

The paper investigates a possibility of developing a non-virtual hierarchy for a special case of class signature, which may possess different interpretations. The approach is similar to double dispatching in the C ++ programming language. As an alternative to polymorphism, a non-polymorphic hierarchy has been suggested based on generic programming templates. This hierarchy is based on inverse parametrization for templates enabling constructing a general scheme for the design pattern. The pattern defined a class architecture suitable for static implementation of double dispatched multimethod for a special case of signature- defined interfaces.In fact, any abstract base class (interface) with purely virtual operations must acquire a polymorphic implementation. Besides, the polymorphism itself, the dependence of a virtual function on two objects – “this” and another parameter – requires the use of double dispatch, turning a class member function into a double dispatched multimethod.A preliminary consideration deals with issues of double dispatching in the C++ programming language. Inheritance with polymorphic class member functions is used. This requires special efforts of adding to both bases and derived classes a couple of virtual functions to support dispatching. In any case, this approach, besides using virtual functions, has a disadvantage of violating one of the SOLID principles, namely the principle of dependency inversion: base classes should not depend on derivatives, which negatively affects the quality of the software.Polymorphism is usually understood as the dynamic tuning of a program to the data type of the object that the program will encounter during its execution. That is, by its nature, polymorphism is a purely dynamic characteristic. However, in C++ literature and in practice, you can come across the term “static polymorphism”.At the same time, research of possibilities of generalized programming (templates) allows transferring some dynamic problems to the static level. In particular, a variant of static polymorphism application without virtual functions can be considered.A variant of non-virtual double scheduling has been proposed, generalized in the form of a created design pattern “Signature multimethod”. The use of the newly created pattern is illustrated with an example of implementing classes of complex numbers. The absence of violations of SOLID principles is shown, and the possibility of supplementing the hierarchy with new derived classes without the need to interfere with the structure of the base class is demonstrated.The approach suggested in this work has been used in courses in object-oriented programming at the Faculty of Informatics of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.
Development of the Architecture of the System of High-Load Testing
Authors: Beniukh Lada , Hlybovets Andrii
Published: December 2021

Testing system performance and its importance at the same time is difficult to overestimate or underestimate. It would be much more correct to talk about the timeliness of this activity. Virtually any digital sys- tem built on modern approaches and technologies can work without any critical problems with its own performance. At the same time, for any system, especially when it becomes popular, it is very likely that there will be a time when it will not be able to cope with the ever-increasing load and become unstable. However, most companies that develop and maintain their own digital solutions – from websites to any other digital systems – often focus primarily on the functionality of the system and its compliance, rather than on the performance of the system as a whole. Such intentions are quite natural, because the system must properly perform the functions expected of it. When companies start to face performance problems, they try not to optimize the software as soon as possible, but to add more capacity – vertical and horizontal scaling. This strategy works, but it has limitations. After all, the addition of additional resources cannot be endless and sooner or later rests either on the architecture of the system, or in the capabilities of the company itself, and so on.Therefore it is recommended to carry out stress testing in advance, plan time and resources to have enough time to correct errors, and generally understand the boundaries of the system. At the same time, in order to organize full-fledged stress testing, trained specialists, tools and infrastructure are needed, especially when we are talking about heavy workload.As part of this work, an analysis of various tools for the implementation of stress testing and performance testing, scaling of such tests and centralized reporting of metrics. As a result, approaches and principles for the construction of a modern architecture for the implementation of the load testing subsystem in the continuous supply of code were proposed.
Job Security and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour in Telecommunication Companies in Port Harcourt
Authors: I. Amadi Kingsley , Charles Tambari Jonah
Published: December 2021

This study sought to examine the relationship between job security and organizational citizenship behaviour in telecommunication companies in Port Harcourt. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design in its investigation of the variables. Primary data was generated through structured questionnaire. The population of the study was 134 employees drawn from 4 telecommunication companies in Port Harcourt. The sample size was 100 determined through the Taro Yamen formula for sample size determination and the simple random technique was used. After data cleaning, only data of 91 respondents were finally used for data analysis. The reliability of the research instrument was achieved using the Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient. Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient was used to test the hypotheses with the aid of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The study findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between job security and organizational citizenship behaviour in telecommunication companies in Port Harcourt. Thus the study concludes that job security significantly relate with organizational citizenship behaviour in telecommunication companies in Port Harcourt. The study recommends that that employees who are hard working with the firms should be identified and rewarded for their hard work.  Components of job security should be factored into telecommunication companies’ job description as it will go a long way in sustaining confidence in the course of discharging their duties. However, this study was able to assess quality of work life and employee turnover and measures by which it can be minimized
Assessment processes and principles related to Food Security that Zimbabwe can rely on for insight.
Authors: Ngwenya Sifelani
Published: December 2021

Increasing frequency and intensity of food insecurity in Zimbabwe, amidst heavy investment in Disaster Risk Reduction efforts threaten the achievement of the Zero Hunger target by 2030. The need to interrogate assessment practice need not be overemphasized. An interpretive–constructivist paradigm guided this study, while desktop review, focus group discussions and individual interviews were the main data collection tools. A purposively selected sample, of 85participants from Bulilima, Gwanda, Mangwe, and Umzingwane districts was used. These districts share similar social and cultural characteristics and hazards. The sample consisted of District development coordinators (DDCs), Environmental Management Agency, Rural District Council (RDC) chief executive officers, councillors, traditional leaders (chiefs), NGO managers, and heads of schools, deemed to bring depth into the study. NVivo software was used in data analysis to establish order, structure, and meaning, to ensure coherence, consistency, and quality of research findings and deductions. The study found that the term, “assessment” was variedly understood across disciplines and levels of responsibility, due to the existence of parallel assessment regimes that fragment and weaken assessment practice. Hence, the need to make capacity-building, training and education and stakeholder participation a permanent feature in Zimbabwe. This will promote correct understanding and application of the terms, and increase the knowledge of DRR practice. Assessment practice challenges emanate from the manner in which stakeholders do assessments.  Hence, the need for attitude change and commitment to the pooling of all the resources towards the assessment practice, and adherence to standards and principles that govern assessment.
Pandemic as a Factor of Deformation of Social Time and Space in the Postmodern Community
Authors: Bekh Volodymyr , Yaroshenko Alla , Muliar Volodymyr , Stepanova Olena , Artimonova Tetiana
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has defined new vectors for the development of the world community and social institutions. At the same time, the impact of the pandemic crisis on the evolution of civil society may differ significantly in the national (tactical) and global (strategic) dimensions. If at the national level there is a likely expansion of the space for public activism (medical volunteering, social assistance, etc.), then globally it is threatened by the de-intensification of international non-governmental cooperation and attempts to revise civil rights and freedoms. Today it is no longer possible to name a single area of ​​public life that has not been affected by the coronavirus pandemic. Directly or indirectly, the consequences of the worldwide spread of the COVID-19 virus are experienced by everyone - government authorities, large and small businesses, citizens of the vast majority of countries. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the future of each of the social actors is largely determined today, depending on the adequacy of the response to the pandemic crisis, the ability to absorb its most painful manifestations, and, possibly, find new opportunities for development in this difficult situation. The aim of the article is to investigate the vectors of influence of the coronavirus pandemic as a factor of deformation of social time and space in the conditions of postmodern society.
Directions for Using Historical and Pedagogical Experience to Improve Language Learning in a Post-Pandemic Society
Authors: Mukan Nataliya , Havryliuk Marianna , Levko Mariana , Kobryn Nadiia , Zapotichna Mariia
Published: December 2021

In the present times of globalization, the issues of a high level of proficiency in foreign languages are especially relevant in the context of the significant need for specialists capable of working in an international environment. Foreign language proficiency is a significant condition for establishing and maintaining international business contacts, intensifying professional interaction with foreign colleagues. According to the Bologna Convention, knowledge of foreign languages is an important component of today's mobility of students, teachers and scientists in the context of access to education, innovative research and teaching opportunities in the postmodern European space. All these factors justify the economic value of a knowledge of foreign languages and become one of the key components of the professional competence of future specialists in the postmodern space. Competitiveness of specialists is directly dependent on on the ability to process professional foreign literature, as well as on the usefulness of the ability to listen to lecture material and reports in a foreign language during conferences, round tables and seminars; from the ability to take part in an idiosyncratic conversation on professional and business topics; as well as the ability to search for new information on the Internet or in theoretical scientific sources of the world level; from the ability to prepare and conduct a presentation on a selected topic in postmodern society.
Calibration of Onboard Equipment for Measuring Pseudo-Range Between Spacecraft to Improve the Accuracy of Determining Their Time Scales Discrepancy
Authors: Ganzha V.S. , Marareskul T.A. , Muratov D.S.
Published: December 2021

Technologies for range-finding measurements between spacecraft are increasingly used in achieving the targets of modern spacecraft. The stability of the systematic error is one of the main factors affecting the accuracy of achieving a target. This determines the requirement to ensure the stability of the systematic error at the level of several centimeters in the presence of destabilizing factors and a tendency to increase the spacecrafts active life in orbit. Apart from searching for methods implemented directly in the onboard equipment, it is advisable to consider mathematical methods that are applicable at the stage of processing measurements when achieving the spacecraft targets. The paper describes the technology for determining and accounting for calibration corrections for spacecraft onboard radio-technical equipment intended for range-finding measurements and exchanging information between spacecraft. This technology is based on statistical processing of residuals of linear combinations of measured parameters relative to their high-precision calculated analogs, obtained using a posteriori ephemeris-time information. The use of this technology makes it possible to compensate for the change in the constant component of the systematic measurement error at the stage of spacecraft operation in orbit.
Advantages of Implementing Virtual Reality Tools in Design and Technological Preparation of Production
Authors: Yakhrichev V.V.
Published: December 2021

Along with digital modeling, the key modern technologies include virtual (VR) and augmented (AR) reality, the use of which is a prerequisite for the implementation of the fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0. However, at Russian enterprises, these tools have not become widespread yet. The paper analyzes the possibility of using the tools of virtual and augmented reality and introduces the available Russian instruments. Practical examples consider the application in this area of — one of them — the VRConcept system — in detail. The availability of support in the VRConcept system for the data presentation format of the domestic computer-aided design system Compass-3D simplifies its implementation and use at the enterprise.
Evaluation of Polymer Modified Mortar and Bonding Agent for Structural Repair
Authors: Ohja P N , Kaura Puneet , Singh Brijesh , Daniel Y N , Kumar Nitesh
Published: December 2021

olymer modified mortar is found to be suitable for structural repair and strengthening of damage structural elements. Conventional mortar is not preferred in repair of concrete since it has inferior mechanical property and durability performance. Polymer based mortar is an alternative to conventional mortar with enhanced mechanical properties. However, there are limited specifications and guidelines available for specifying PMM mixes for structural repair work. The research work aims to evaluate the mechanical performance of polymer based mortar with varying concentration of styrene butadiene rubber latex at laboratory scale. Another aspect in repair of corrosion damage structures is the bond between the substrate concrete and repair mortar. In order to study the effectiveness of bonding agents, the performance evaluation of bonding agents has been evaluated using slant shear test and pull-off test as per ASTM C 882 and EN 1542 respectively. Findings of study indicates that at 8-10 percent concentration of dry polymer solid by cement mass in polymer based mortar is the optimum dosage. Styrene-butadiene rubber based polymer mortar showed improvement in flow in comparison to normal mortar however, mixes with crushed sand shows decrease in flow which is due to presence of more fines. Slant shear and pull-off test method shows epoxy bonding agent give better bond strength as compared to SBR latex.
ATANMIŞ MİRASÇILIK BELGESİ VE VASİYET ALACAKLISI BELGESİ
Authors: OLGAÇ Furkan
Published: December 2021

Türk hukukunda düzenlenen maddî anlamda ölüme bağlı

tasarruflar arasında en sık tercih edilenler, mirasçı atama ve belirli

mal bırakma (vasiyet) olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ancak zaman

içerisinde söz konusu tasarruf lehdarlarının, ölüme bağlı tasarrufa

dayalı haklarını ortaya koyabilmeleri ile bu haklarını üçüncü kişilere

karşı ileri sürebilmeleri ve ispat edebilmeleri için, hakkın dayanağını

teşkil eden şeklî anlamda ölüme bağlı tasarrufun yanında bazı

belgelerin düzenlenmesi ihtiyacı oluşmuştur. İşte çalışmanın konusunu

oluşturan atanmış mirasçılık belgesi ve vasiyet alacaklısı belgesi,

ölüme bağlı tasarruf lehdarlarının muhtemel hak kayıplarını önlemek

ve ispat kolaylığı sağlamak amacıyla hukuk düzenlerinde öngörülen

çözümlerdendir. Eldeki çalışmada, bahse konu mirasçı atama ve belirli

mal bırakma (vasiyet) kavramları açıklandıktan sonra, bu iki belgenin

fonksiyonu irdelenmiş ve atanmış mirasçılık belgesi ve vasiyet alacaklısı

belgesinin düzenlenme usullerine ilişkin açıklamalara yer verilmiştir.
ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA TERÖR EYLEMLERİNE KARŞI KUVVET KULLANIMI
Authors: TÜRKAY Hatice
Published: December 2021

Uluslararası hukukta kuvvet kullanımı, kuvvet kullanma yasağı ve

bu yasağın istisnalarına ilişkin Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) Sözleşmesi’nde

açık bir düzenleme mevcuttur. Ancak bu düzenlemelerin terörle

mücadele konusunda esas alınıp alınamayacağı tartışmalıdır. Bu

çalışmada öncelikle BM Sözleşmesi esas alınarak uluslararası hukukta

kuvvet kullanımı ve tarihi gelişimi, kuvvet kullanma yasağı, bu yasağın

kapsamı ve istisnalarından bahsedilecek ve terörle mücadelede BM

Sözleşmesi’ndeki düzenlemelere özellikle kuvvet kullanma yasağının

istisnası olarak 51. maddede düzenlenen meşru müdafaaya yönelik

hükme dayanılıp dayanılmayacağı incelenecektir.

Bunun yanı sıra uluslararası hukukta kuvvet kullanma yasağının

istisnalarından biri olan meşru müdafaanın yeniden yorumlanmasına

ve tartışmalı bir şekilde uygulamada kapsamının genişletilmesine neden

olan 11 Eylül 2001’de yaşanan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)’ne

yönelik terör saldırılarına ve bunların meşru müdafaanın ele alınmasında

yarattığı tartışmalı farklılıklara değinilecektir.
HUKUKA UYGUNLUK NEDENLERİNİN SUÇUN YAPISI İÇERİSİNDEKİ YERİ VE MUHTEVASI
Authors: UĞRAŞ Dilek Özge
Published: December 2021

Hukuka uygunluk nedenlerinin suçun yapısındaki yeri günümüzde

özellikle Türk hukukunda halen tartışmalı olmakla beraber meselenin

esasen suçun ikili ve üçlü ayrımı içerisinde mütalaa edildiğini söylemek

mümkündür. Bu kapsamda doktrinde bazı yazarlarca ikili ayrım esas

alınarak hukuka uygunluk nedenleri tipik fiilin menfi şartları olarak

değerlendirilmekte, üçlü ayrımı esas alan yazarlarca ise bağımsız bir

unsur altında incelenmektedir. Bu nedenlerin suçun yapısında nerede

yer aldığı kadar ve belki de daha fazla problemli olan diğer bir mesele

de bu nedenlerin muhtevasına ilişkindir. Bu soruna ilişkin olarak ise

doktrindeki görüşleri hukuka uygunluk nedenlerini salt objektif nitelikte

kabul eden yaklaşımlar ile bu nedenlerin aynı zamanda sübjektif

unsura sahip olduğunu kabul eden yaklaşımlar olarak ikiye ayırmak

mümkündür. İşte bu çalışmada önce hukuka uygunluk nedenlerinin

suçun yapısı içerisindeki yeri incelendikten sonra bu nedenlerin

hangi temel unsurlardan oluştuğu ve bunların kapsamı ile yokluğuna

bağlanan hukuki sonuçlar hakkında doktrinde ileri sürülen görüşlerin

açıklanmasına gayret edilecektir.
ANAYASA MAHKEMESİNE BİREYSEL BAŞVURU YOLUNDA BİR KABUL EDİLEMEZLİK SEBEBİ OLARAK TEMELLENDİRİLMEMİŞ ŞİKÂYET VE CEMAL GÜNSEL KARARI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: VURAL Hasan Sayim
Published: December 2021

Temellendirilmemiş şikayet, Anayasa Mahkemesine (AYM) bireysel

başvuru yolunda kabul edilemezlik sebepleri içinde, esasa ilişkin olan

sebepler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu bakımdan, kabul edilebilirlik

incelemesinde biçime, usule ve mahkemenin yetkisine ilişkin kabul

edilemezlik sebeplerinden daha sonra, esasa ilişkin diğer sebeplerle

birlikte son sırada gelmektedir. Bu makale, AYMnin temellendirilmemiş

şikayet içtihadını Veli Özdemir (2013), Sabah Yıldızı (2017) ve Cemal Günsel

(2021) gibi işaret taşı niteliğindeki kararlarla belirlenen gelişimi içinde

ele almaktadır. Makale, Anayasa Mahkemesinin Cemal Günsel kararıyla

birlikte artık daha sıkı bir standart test uyguladığı gözlemini ortaya

koymakta ve konuyu bireysel başvuru hakkının kullanımında adil denge

meselesi olarak ele almayı denemektedir.
Średniowieczny miecz z Zyndranowej we wschodniej Małopolsce
Authors: Glinianowicz Marcin , Kotowicz Piotr N.
Published: December 2021

W zbiorach Prywatnego Muzeum Zamkowego „Kamieniec” w Odrzykoniu przechowywany jest miecz odkryty przypadkowo w rzeczce Panna, przepływającej przez miejscowość Zyndranowa (woj. podkarpackie). Zachowany niemal w całości zabytek reprezentuje typ XVIa, 1 (1a), I1 (I1b) w klasyfikacji R.E. Oakeshotta. Na mieczu znajdują się trzy znaki: w pobliżu nasady trzpienia wybito puncą znak kowalski w kształcie litery S, umieszczonej we wklęsłym polu, a po obu stronach głowni – naprzeciw siebie – umieszczono dwa różne znaki miecznicze, inkrustowane żółtym metalem. Jeden z nich to znak rozwidlonego krzyża w podwójnym okręgu, z kolei drugi jest trudniejszy do interpretacji. Przypomina gotycką literę A, również zamkniętą w podwójnym okręgu, ale obecność pionowej kreski w domniemanej literze może wskazywać, iż mamy tutaj do czynienia z inną możliwością, np. kombinacją liter AA lub AR. Miecze analogiczne do okazu z Zyndranowej były powszechne na terenie Polski, głównie pomiędzy połową XIV a połową XV stulecia, z możliwością zawężenia tej chronologii do początków XV stulecia.
Problem militarnej funkcji toporów późnośredniowiecznych wojowników Wielkiego Stepu
Authors: Świętosławski Witold
Published: December 2021

Topory późnośredniowiecznych koczowników Wielkiego Stepu nie doczekały się jak dotąd większej uwagi badaczy. Informacje o nich są skąpe. Nie ma żadnych ikonograficznych wizerunków. Jedynie Jan de Plano Carpini napisał w swoim tekście, że Mongołowie używali toporów do zabijania jeńców. W tekstach mongolskich znajduje się informacja, że były one używane jako narzędzia pomocnicze podczas wypraw wojennych. Istnieje kilka zabytków archeologicznych, które czasami uważane są za topory nomadów. Ich bliższa ocena jest jednak w tym względzie negatywna. Dla późnośredniowiecznych wojowników Wielkiego Stepu topory nie stanowiły ważnej broni.
New Methods, New Opportunities. Recent Advances in Archaeological Science and their Application in Arms and Armour Studies
Authors: Żabiński Grzegorz
Published: December 2021

The jubilee of Professor Andrzej Nadolski and Professor Marian Głosek is an excellent opportunity for discussing some most recent methods of technological analyses in archaeology and their applications in arms and armour studies.

New opportunities are offered by Computed Tomography (CT) and by Neutron Imaging (NI). The latter is insensitive to material density; therefore details that are not detectable by X-ray or CT can be seen in NI images.

A considerable progress has also been made in the field of radiocarbon dating. Yet another field are analyses of the chemical composition of smelting slag and slag inclusions in ferrous artefacts. Such analyses can be used for identification of smelting processes, as well as for provenance studies. These take a number of variables into consideration (major and trace elements, as well as isotopic ratios). What seems to be especially promising in provenance studies are isotopes of osmium (Os).
Institutional Quality and its Impact on FDI Inflow: Evidence from the EU Member States
Authors: Dobrowolska Bogusława , Dorożyński Tomasz , Kuna‑Marszałek Anetta
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to assess institutional quality in 28 EU Member States and to examine the relationship between the quality of institutions and FDI inward stock as % of GDP. This study is structured as follows. Firstly, we reviewed studies dedicated to the relationship between institutional quality and investment attractiveness. Then, we discussed FDI inflow into the EU countries and selected diagnostic variables that later served as the basis for our research in which we used categories of the Global Competitiveness Index. Based on rankings and using statistical methods, in the next stage, we divided the EU Member States into groups representing similar institutional quality. Then we investigated the relationships between groups of countries similar to one another when it comes to institutional quality and groups of countries ranked in ascending order by the value of foreign direct investment inflow measured as FDI inward stock as % of GDP.

The study demonstrated that the EU Member States differ with respect to institutional quality. The results of the statistical analysis have provided grounds to positively verify the hypothesis about a positive relationship between the level of institutional quality and investment attractiveness.
Diversification Perspectives of a Single Equity Market: Analysis on the Example of Selected CEE Countries
Authors: Aliu Florin , Aliu Fisnik , Nuhiu Artor , Preniqi Naim
Published: December 2021

The study addresses the benefits of a unified stock market in terms of diversification risk for the eight CEE stock markets. For this purpose, each stock market was treated as a separate portfolio based on the companies listed during 2018–2019. Portfolio diversification techniques were used to identify risk linked with the eight Central Eastern European stock markets. The results show that the stock market with the lowest diversification risk was the Bulgarian Stock Exchange, followed by the Prague Stock Exchange, the Ljubljana Stock Exchange, and at the end stands the Zagreb Stock Exchange. The portfolio constructed from the Zagreb Stock Exchange carries the highest portfolio risk, but it also offers the highest weekly weighted average returns. Stock markets that benefit in terms of portfolio risk from unification are the Bratislava Stock Exchange, the Budapest Stock Exchange, the Bucharest Stock Exchange, the Warsaw Stock Exchange, and the Zagreb Stock Exchange. The indexes where the portfolio risk increases at the time of unification are the Bulgarian Stock Exchange, the Ljubljana Stock Exchange, and the Prague Stock Exchange. From a managerial perspective, financial investors get a novel outlook on the diversification possibilities offered within a hypothetical unified CEE stock market.
The Economic Performance of Central Europe Metropolises. A Comparative Approach
Authors: Mroczek Arkadiusz
Published: December 2021

Since the fall of communism, the big cities of Central Europe have been included in the international metropolitan network, and their economic performance has improved significantly. Based on that, it can be asserted that the whole region is undergoing a process of metropolisation, which may be manifested by a focus of development in the limited areas of metropolises. Therefore this paper aims to present the results of a closer examination of this process in Central Europe. It is based on a comparative analysis of the metropolises in relation to their countries in terms of economic performance. A taxonomic approach based on Hellwig’s development pattern is adopted. The available Eurostat data (NUTS 3 level) on a range of socio‑economic characteristics is used. The study results show that the economic performance of Central European metropolises is relatively closer to Western Europe’s cities than the countries’ non‑metropolitan parts. Highlighting development issues in Central Europe from the spatial‑metropolitan point of view is the paper’s added value.
European Deposit Insurance Scheme(s) – Consequences for the EU’s Financial Stability
Authors: Zielińska-Lont Klaudia
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the potential consequences that the shortcomings in harmonising the national deposit guarantee schemes may have on the financial stability of the European Union. The relevance of this subject is underlined both by the European Commission’s intention to revive the European Deposit Insurance Scheme project in 2021 and the recent signals from Germany that they are willing to support the initiative. The paper presents a review of the discussions on establishing a European Deposit Insurance Scheme, the reasons for the project’s failure and the consensus solution that took the form of the Deposit Guarantee Scheme Directive (DGSD). The limited scope of deposit guarantee scheme harmonisation under this directive is discussed in the context of the related EBA opinions pointing to different areas of potential improvements. Differences in national implementation are also reviewed in terms of their potential impact on financial stability. Apart from a careful literature review, statistical analysis of the available financial information characterizing the largest national deposit schemes of the euro is performed to quantify their progress towards the target level of the available financial means. The results prove that most national schemes are still far from reaching the 0.8% target level of readily available funds and that potentially desirable amendments to the DGSD may drag them even further away from reaching that target by 2024. The author concludes that from the perspective of financial stability, the EU should focus on establishing a single scheme at an international level that would complete the project of establishing a banking union. The results contribute to the ongoing discussion on the need to further integrate the national deposit guarantee schemes inside the EU.
The Meaning of Coming Out: From Self-Affirmation to Full Disclosure
Authors: Guittar Nicholas A.
Published: December 2021

Qualitative researchers have begun to analyze narratives of individuals’ experiences with coming out in order to explore the social influences that affect these processes. However, most studies on coming out are based on the assumption that “coming out” has a singular shared meaning. The present study is centered on challenging this very assumption by taking a constructivist grounded theory approach to exploring the meaning of coming out for 30 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) individuals via open-ended interviews. Coming out does not have a universal meaning among LGBQ persons; rather, it varies on the basis of individuals’ experiences, social environment, and personal beliefs and values. All 30 participants in the current study agree that coming out is a transformative process and an important element in identity formation and maintenance, thus challenging the notion that coming out is no longer a relevant concept. For some participants coming out is more of a personal journey of self-affirmation, while for others it is about the sharing of their sexuality with others – and oftentimes a combination of these two characteristics. Implications for future research on coming out are included.
Discovering factors influencing study success of students with disabilities and learning difficulties in an interview study
Authors: Hrabéczy Anett
Published: December 2021

The focus of our research is on students with disabilities defined by the current National Higher Education Act in Hungary. The actuality of the topic is that after the millennium, due to the expansion of higher education, the above-mentioned students appeared at universities, but regulations dealing with their presence in Hungary were laid down as late as 2007. Earlier researches have studied the accessibility and inclusive practices of the institutions internationally and in Hungary, but only little attention has been paid to these students’ chances of acquisition and retention to higher education. Equal opportunities in higher education appear to be an important supporting factor in our research however, the overall social context of the individual has a great influence on successful entry and graduation. A further research opportunity, a deeper, more extensive quantitative study of the institutional presence of students with disabilities and the factors contributing to their learning success is emerging.
A nyíregyházi Huszár- és Keleti lakótelepi vizsgálatok – a kutatás módszertana és a minta néhány alapvető jellemzője
Authors: Takács Péter , Huszti Éva
Published: December 2021

A tanulmány a Nyíregyházán végzett lakótelepi kutatások módszertani leírását tartalmazza. A két vizsgálati helyszín, a Huszár lakótelep és a Keleti lakótelep földrajzi elhelyezkedésének, sajátosságainak bemutatását a kutatás során alkalmazott kérdőív főbb blokkjainak ismertetése követi. A vizsgálati mintát a területi megoszlás, majd a főbb szociodemográfiai mutatók mentén írjuk le. A két helyszínen összesen 271 háztartás megkérdezésére került sor kérdezőbiztosok segítségével. A válaszadók 69%-a nő, 31%-a férfi, az átlagéletkor 43,5 év volt és kiemelhető az általános iskolai végzettség nagy aránya. A válaszadók legnagyobb része a kérdezés idején élettársi kapcsolatban élő hajadon vagy nőtlen volt. Kutatói becslés szerint az adatfelvétel a nyíregyházi Huszártelep lakosságának 25-35%-át fedte le. A két településrész között nem jelezhető statisztikai különbség a nem, a kor, az iskolai végzettség, a családi állapot és a gazdasági aktivitás mutatóinak tekintetében.
A támogató rendszerek szegregátumokban élő lakosságra gyakorolt hatása
Authors: Krizsai Anita
Published: December 2021

A Nyíregyháza Megyei Jogú Város és a DebreceniEgyetem Egészségügyi Kara együttműködésében megvalósuló“Nyíregyháza Város Életminősége” kutatássorozatlehetőséget nyújt a lakosság életminőségének vizsgálatára. Akutatás során az életminőség egyes elemeinek vizsgálatán túlelemezni tudtuk a szociális ellátások igénybevételének gyakorlatát,célzottságát, hatásosságát. Annak ellenére, hogy ahelyi szociális ellátások és támogatások rendszere megőriztestabilitását, a legújabb eredmények csökkenő igénybevételirátákat mutattak. Ebben a tanulmányban megvizsgáljuk afenti folyamatok főbb okait a mintába került lakosság szociális,gazdasági jellemzőinek elemzésével, valamint a segélyezésselkapcsolatos attitűdök változása tükrében.
Iskolázottsági helyzetkép – Nyíregyházán telepi körülmények között élők körében
Authors: Balogh Erzsébet
Published: December 2021

Tanulmányunkban azt vizsgáljuk, hogy Nyíregyházán a telepi körülmények között élők milyen iskolai végzettséggel, szakképzéssel rendelkeznek, hogyan vélekednek a jövőbeni tanulásról, szakmai képesítés megszerzéséről, összehasonlítva a két telep között lévő hasonlóságot, különbözőséget. Az elemzésénél a nyíregyházi Huszár lakótelepi és Keleti lakótelepi-, a Nyíregyháza Életminősége 2018 adatokat-, és a KSH Mikrocenzus 2016 iskolázottságra vonatkozó adatok kerülnek bemutatásra, összehasonlításra. Az adatok kiértékeléséhez egy- és többváltozós elemzési technikákat alkalmaztunk. Az adatok elemzésével eredményeink azt mutatjuk, hogy a Huszár telepen és a Keleti lakótelepen élők nagymértékű elmaradást mutatnak mind a városi, mind a megyei, mind a régió és mind az országos adatokhoz képest iskolázottság vonatkozásában.
Nyíregyházi, telepi körülmények között élő, 18-29 éves roma fiatalok egészségmagatartása (fókuszcsoportos interjú)
Authors: Ember Zsolt
Published: December 2021

A cigányság nem csupán gazdasági, oktatási és kulturális hátrányok elszenvedője, hanem az egészség dimenziójában is egy erősen hátrányos helyzetű réteget képez - a leghátrányosabb helyzetben pedig a telepi lakókörnyezetben élők vannak. Az egészség alapvető értékként és cselekvési potenciálként jelenik meg minden ember életében, ami azonban nem tud megfelelően funkcionálni, ha hiányoznak a megfelelő szintű egészségismeretek, ha nincs meg az egészségért vállalt egyéni felelősség, ha csorbul az egészségügyi ellátáshoz való hozzáférés joga és sérül az egyenlő bánásmód elve, továbbá, ha hiányosak a komplex társadalompolitikai fejlesztő programok és nem utolsó sorban, ha hiányzik a többségi lakosság inklúziós szemléletű attitűdje a cigánysággal szemben. Jelen tanulmány a nyíregyházi, telepi körülmények között élő fiatal felnőtt (18-19 éves) roma lakosok egészségmagatartását mutatja be, fókuszcsoportos interjú keretén belül.
A digitális egyenlőtlenség vizsgálata a társadalmi kirekesztődés szempontjából
Authors: Huszti Elek
Published: December 2021

Kutatásomat, mely egy doktori tézis része, a Beregben, Magyarország egyik legelmaradottabb kistérségében végeztem, 2017-ben. Az itt élő 14 éves korosztály szegénység és társadalmi kirekesztődés kockázatának mértékét vizsgáltam. Mindezt a társadalmi egyenlőtlenség egy új dimenziója a digitális egyenlőtlenség aspektusából szemlélve. Arra a kérdésre kerestem a választ, hogy a modern multimédiás eszközök, valamint az internet használata hozzájárulhat-e a kistérség fejlődéséhez, a jövő generációja képes lesz-e megfelelni a kor kihívásainak, munkát találni a digitalizációval átszőtt munkaerőpiacon. Esetleg ezen eszközök, valamint a használatukhoz szükséges tudás hiánya tovább mélyíti-e a már meglévő társadalmi egyenlőtlenséget. Feltártam a tanulók szociodemográfiai, szocioökonómiai jellemzőit, multimédiás eszközökkel való ellátottságát, a használat céljait, attribútumait, a digitális egyenlőtlenséget okozó tényezőket. Kitértem az iskolai IKT használat szintjére, az internethasználat és a tanulmányi eredmények összefügéseire, a tanulók társas kapcsolatainak, jövőképének vizsgálatára. Jelen cikkemben kutatásom első kérdéskörét kívánom bemutatni, mely a multimédiás eszközökkel való ellátottság szocioökonómiai hátterének vizsgálatával foglalkozik.