bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Autopsy based analysis of nature and prevalence of Fatal Injuries in Lahore
Authors: Saghir Rabia
Published: May 2020

Bacckground: Autopsy is a medical examination conducted after death to ascertain the cause of death. For Clinical autopsies, the permission of the next of kin is required. In suspicious deaths, an autopsy is a legal requirement and is performed by the coroner ormedico-legal surgeon.
Methodology: Retrospective analysis of records of forensic medicine from January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2016, was done to observe fatal injuries causing death, their nature, and prevalence. The deaths, in which cause of death was Fatal Injury were included in our study. These cases were analyzed with respect to age, gender, cause and manner of death, number and location of injuries and the approximate time lag between injury and death. All data were entered into SPSS.
Results: A total of 785 autopsies were conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore in 2016, 42.8% fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Cases of firearm injuries were maximum constituting 46.4%, followed by RTA (13.7%) and blunt trauma (11.9%). Most victims were in the age bracket of 21-40 (55.1%) with a male to female ratio of 4.09:1. Head was the predominant site involved.
Conclusion: Fatal injury deaths are mostly due to firearm injuries. Victims are more commonly males and majority cases die immediately after sustaining the injury. Manner of death is predominantly homicidal. Efforts should be made to prevent and properly manage fatal injuries.
The effect of physical activity on stress levels of medical students: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Butt Nausharwan , Nimrah Badar  , Marium N Khan  , Ahreen Allana  , Ahmer Ashraf  , Danial Siddiqui  , Maria H. Baig  , Aamer Mahmood  , Arhama Malik  , Imran S. Khalek  , Sarah Saleem
Published: May 2020

Objectives
To determine association between physical activity and hours of physical activity and stress levels in medical students 
Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted at a private medical college in Karachi, during April and May 2015. Convenience sampling was used to identify the study participants. The subjects were medical students from year one through five. We interviewed 235 students. A pre-tested, self-administered three-part questionnaire was used to collect the data. The first part of the questionnaire inquired about the subjects’ demographics and exercise habits, the second part of the questionnaire was adapted from the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to determine stress scores within participants, and the third part of the questionnaire asked about other stress relieving factors.
Results
According to the PSS, 30.3% of the participants were moderately stressed. The mean PSS was found to be 16.95 ± 5.72. 2A significant correlation was found between physical activity and stress levels; those involved in physical activity were 52 percent less likely to be moderately stressed (OR 0.48, p-value = 0.015) as compared to those who had not partaken in physical activity. Furthermore, studentswho performed physical activity for >4 hours per week had a lower mean PSS score (16.2) when compared to those who exercised for <2 hours per week. (18.2). Post-hoc statistical testing revealed the difference to be significant (p=0.028).
Conclusion
Based on the findings of our study, we conclude that physical activity of any form is associated with significantly decreased stress levels in medical students.
Política e poder em “Os Simpsons no Brasil”
Authors: de Almeida Alessandro
Published: May 2020

O ex-presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso e a empresa de turismo Rio Tur se incomodaram com o episódio dOs Simpsons, intitulado “O feitiço de Lisa”. Diante desse trauma, o impacto do desenho na política brasileira ficou evidente. A partir desse indício justificamos nossa análise e o recorte temporal, pois o então presidente da República brasileira chegou a exigir desculpas públicas do autor do desenho animado Matt Groening, além do fato de que a Rede Globo de televisão e a empresa de Turismo do Rio de Janeiro terem se posicionado publicamente contra a representação de Brasil expressa ironicamente no episódio “O feitiço de Lisa”. Neste a família Simpson viaja para o Brasil que é um país representado por valores fúteis, marcado por sequestros, sexualidade, pobreza, futebol, carnaval, favelas, corrupção, falta de crenças, dentre outras características pejorativas. Com o intuito de perceber a relação existente entre o poder midiático (televisão) na política, utilizaremos além do próprio episódio a análise de outras fontes como jornais, revistas, páginas de internet do autor ou mesmo de fãs que comentam o capítulo do desenho em evidencia. Dessa maneira, nos preocuparemos também com as percepções dos telespectadores acerca do episódio com vistas a nos aproximarmos das motivações que fizerem deste um desenho polêmico.
Mestre Sinhozinho: a representação cultural de um curandeiro do povo na história mato-grossense (1940-1944)
Authors: do Carmo Layanna Sthefanny Freitas
Published: May 2020

Este artigo busca compreender a representação de Sinhozinho como mestre do povo, no município de Bonito-MS. O recorte delimitado é entre 1940 - 1944, período este coincidindo com o governo de Getúlio Vargas (1937-1945). Nesta pesquisa, serão utilizados os métodos da história oral, imagens registradas em campo e entrevistas públicas na compreensão de que essas fontes publicadas e coletadas nas etapas de observação e execução da pesquisa contribuem para a produção do conhecimento histórico. Neste sentido, o personagem em estudo é representado como uma figura não definida para os moradores da época, sendo que esses relatam a sua chegada no distrito de Bonito na década de 1940. Ao longo de outros períodos, este mesmo ator havia sido identificado como um fenômeno da cultura popular local sobre uma representação histórica, cultural e religiosa. Sua existência ainda é misteriosa e parte de vários acontecimentos construídos na atuação de um mestre curandeiro do povo, sendo perseguido pelos donos do poder no que tange a diversas tentativas de esquecimento da sua passagem pelos silêncios impostos na sociedade. Contanto, teria desaparecido em um momento inesperado, para os entrevistados, em 1944, ao sofrer perseguições pelas autoridades. Com as carências de provas documentais que possam comprovar as torturas e atos violentos pelos mandantes da época, os narradores transformaram a sua história pouco discutida em um legado significativo. Os resultados desta pesquisa trouxeram uma afirmativa determinante na qual o personagem conserva uma forte devoção popular na crença da população local, e mesmo com o seu sumiço misterioso sob suspeitas da sua morte pelas forças locais do período do Estado Novo, se manifesta entre as religiosidades do povo fortalecidas com a sua ausência.
A dimensão espaço-temporal em Fernand Braudel: uma leitura da representação do tempo histórico braudeliano e seus aportes teóricos
Authors: Bastos Rodolpho Alexandre Santos Melo
Published: May 2020

Este artigo investiga a representação do tempo histórico – a longa duração - do historiador francês Fernand Braudel a partir da comparação com a os estudos da antropologia estruturalista de Lévi-Strauss. Para isso, em um primeiro momento, iremos apontar as diferenças e semelhanças entre o pensamento de Braudel que parte da temporalidade longa como estrutura da sociedade, que é subsidiada pelas curtas e médias durações e a “intemporalidade” contida no pensamento estruturalista e Lévi-Strauss, que tende homogeneizar o tempo. Com isso, encontrar no tempo longo braudeliano à aplicabilidade na vida material das sociedades, como o cotidiano das pessoas, do capitalismo, cidades, economia, etc. Em um segundo momento, iremos apontar que mesmo essa concretude do pensamento temporal de Braudel em relação a Lévi-Strauss, será possível encontrar elementos de apontam para uma determinada corpo de axiomas e leis, ao propor o tempo longo como causa temporal que determina as outras temporalidades, através de elementos epistemológicos que remetem a um a priorismo, universalidade, imobilidade, entre outros.
História e relações de gênero: sociabilidade e silenciamento da violência doméstica e conjugal em Carangola
Authors: Cheim Érika Oliveira Amorim Tannus , Nader Maria Beatriz
Published: May 2020

Este texto apresenta parte dos dados da pesquisa de doutorado “Mulher e Patriarcado: um estudo de caso sobre a violência contra a mulher em Carangola – MG (2006-2016)” a qual analisa como o fenômeno do patriarcado ainda influi no comportamento de homens e mulheres e de que maneira o tipo de sociabilidade local influencia no silenciamento dos casos de violência de gênero, especificamente a violência conjugal. A fim de ampliar os debates sobre o tema da violência contra a mulher e, com enfoque em uma cidade do interior, este estudo de caso aliou metodologias qualitativas e quantitativas. Para tanto entrevistou dez mulheres que vivenciaram contextos de violência conjugal e, ainda aplicou 376 questionários fechados em diferentes pontos da cidade de Carangola em um mesmo período (corte transversal) no intuito de conhecer a realidade da violência contra a mulher e encontrar casos não notificados/denunciados. A análise dos dados produzidos pelo estudo identificou que há silenciamento da violência conjugal na cidade de Carangola determinada pelo tipo de sociabilidade local.
Orbital Ingredients for Cooking X-structures in Edge-on Galaxies
Authors: Parul Hanna D. , Smirnov Anton A. , Sotnikova Natalia Ya.
Published: May 2020

X-structures are often observed in galaxies hosting the so-called B/PS (boxy/peanuts) bulges and are visible from the edge-on view. They are the most notable features of B/PS bulges and appear as four rays protruding from the disk of the host galaxy and distinguishable against the B/PS bulge background. In some works, their origin is thought to be connected with the so-called banana-shaped orbits with a vertical resonance 2:1. A star in such an orbit performs two oscillations in the vertical direction per one revolution in the bar frame. Several recent studies that analyzed ensembles of orbits arising in different N-body models do not confirm the dominance of the resonant 2:1 orbits in X-structures. In our work, we analyze two N-body models and show how the X-structure in our models is gradually assembled from the center to the periphery from orbits with less than 2:1 frequency ratio. The most number of such orbits is enclosed in a “farfalle”-shape (Italian pasta) form and turns out to be non-periodic. We conclude that the X-structure is akin to the envelope curve of regions of high density caused by the crossing or folding of different types of orbits at their highest points, and does not have a “backbone” similar to that of the in-plane bar. Comparing the orbital structure of two different numerical models, we show that the dominance of one or another family of orbits with a certain ratio of the vertical oscillations frequency to the in-plane frequency depends on the parameters of the underlying galaxy and ultimately determines the morphology of the X-structure and the opening angle of its rays.
Spectral Signatures of Chromospheric Condensation in a Major Solar Flare
Authors: Graham David R. , Cauzzi Gianna , Zangrilli Luca , Kowalski Adam , Simões Paulo , Allred Joel
Published: May 2020

We study the evolution of chromospheric line and continuum emission during the impulsive phase of the X-class SOL2014-09-10T17:45 solar flare. We extend previous analyses of this flare to multiple chromospheric lines of Fe i, Fe ii, Mg ii, C i, and Si ii observed with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, combined with radiative-hydrodynamical (RHD) modeling. For multiple flaring kernels, the lines all show a rapidly evolving double-component structure: an enhanced emission component at rest, and a broad, highly redshifted component of comparable intensity. The redshifted components migrate from 25 to 50 km s−1 toward the rest wavelength within ∼30 s. Using Fermi hard X-ray observations, we derive the parameters of an accelerated electron beam impacting the dense chromosphere, using them to drive an RHD simulation with the RADYN code. As in Kowalski et al. (2017), our simulations show that the most energetic electrons penetrate into the deep chromosphere, heating it to T ∼ 10,000 K, while the bulk of the electrons dissipate their energy higher, driving an explosive evaporation, and its counterpart condensation—a very dense (n

e
 ∼ 2 × 1014 cm−3), thin layer (30–40 km thickness), heated to 8–12,000 K, moving toward the stationary chromosphere at up to 50 km s−1. The synthetic Fe ii 2814.45 Å profiles closely resemble the observational data, including a continuum enhancement, and both a stationary and a highly redshifted component, rapidly moving toward the rest wavelength. Importantly, the absolute continuum intensity, ratio of component intensities, relative time of appearance, and redshift amplitude are sensitive to the model input parameters, showing great potential as diagnostics.
Streaming Instability in Turbulent Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Umurhan Orkan M. , Estrada Paul R. , Cuzzi Jeffrey N.
Published: May 2020

The streaming instability for solid particles in protoplanetary disks is reexamined assuming the familiar alpha (α) model for isotropic turbulence. Turbulence always reduces the growth rates of the streaming instability relative to values calculated for globally laminar disks. While for small values of the turbulence parameter, α < 10−5, the wavelengths of the fastest growing disturbances are small fractions of the local gas vertical scale height H, we find that for moderate values of the turbulence parameter, i.e., α ∼ 10−5–10−3, the length scales of maximally growing disturbances shift toward larger scales, approaching H. At these moderate turbulent intensities and for local particle to gas mass density ratios ϵ < 0.5, the vertical scales of the most unstable modes begin to exceed the corresponding radial scales so that the instability appears in the form of vertically oriented sheets extending well beyond the particle scale height. We find that for hydrodynamical turbulent disk models reported in the literature, with α = 4 × 10−5–5 × 10−4, together with state-of-the-art global evolution models of particle growth, the streaming instability is predicted to be viable within a narrow triangular patch of α–τ

s
parameter space centered on Stokes numbers, τ

s
 ∼ 0.01 and α ∼ 4 × 10−5, and further, exhibits growth rates on the order of several hundreds to thousands of orbit times for disks with 1% (Z = 0.01) cosmic solids abundance or metallicity. Our results are consistent with, and place in context, published numerical studies of streaming instabilities.
Close Binary Companions to APOGEE DR16 Stars: 20,000 Binary-star Systems Across the Color–Magnitude Diagram
Authors: Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Hogg David W. , Rix Hans-Walter , Beaton Rachael L. , Lewis Hannah M. , Nidever David L. , Almeida Andrés , Badenes Carles , Barba Rodolfo , Beers Timothy C. , Carlberg Joleen K. , De Lee Nathan , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Frinchaboy Peter M. , García-Hernández D. A. , Green Paul J. , Hasselquist Sten , Longa-Peña Penélope , Majewski Steven R. , Nitschelm Christian , Sobeck Jennifer , Stassun Keivan G. , Stringfellow Guy S. , Troup Nicholas W.
Published: May 2020

Many problems in contemporary astrophysics—from understanding the formation of black holes to untangling the chemical evolution of galaxies—rely on knowledge about binary stars. This, in turn, depends on the discovery and characterization of binary companions for large numbers of different kinds of stars in different chemical and dynamical environments. Current stellar spectroscopic surveys observe hundreds of thousands to millions of stars with (typically) few observational epochs, which allows for binary discovery but makes orbital characterization challenging. We use a custom Monte Carlo sampler (The Joker) to perform discovery and characterization of binary systems through radial velocities, in the regime of sparse, noisy, and poorly sampled multi-epoch data. We use it to generate posterior samplings in Keplerian parameters for 232,495 sources released in APOGEE Data Release 16. Our final catalog contains 19,635 high-confidence close-binary (P ≲ few years, a ≲ few

) systems that show interesting relationships between binary occurrence rate and location in the color–magnitude diagram. We find notable faint companions at high masses (black hole candidates), at low masses (substellar candidates), and at very close separations (mass-transfer candidates). We also use the posterior samplings in a (toy) hierarchical inference to measure the long-period binary-star eccentricity distribution. We release the full set of posterior samplings for the entire parent sample of 232,495 stars. This set of samplings involves no heuristic “discovery” threshold and therefore can be used for myriad statistical purposes, including hierarchical inferences about binary-star populations and subthreshold searches.
Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays by Plasma Disturbances Propagating Through the Local Interstellar Medium in the Outer Heliosheath
Authors: Zhang Ming , Pogorelov Nikolai
Published: May 2020

The modulation of cosmic rays by a propagating plasma disturbance, a global merged interaction region (GMIR), in the heliosheath is simulated using a Vlasov–Fokker–Planck equation for the transport of energetic particles with significant anisotropy. The prescribed plasma structure of the GMIR contains a shock front and plasma rarefaction region behind the shock, which propagate through a simplified paramagnetic shielding model of the heliosheath. When a GMIR goes through the heliospheric magnetic field in the inner heliosheath, its modulation effects on cosmic rays are consistent with typical Forbush decreases. When a GMIR goes through the interstellar magnetic field in the outer heliosheath, only cosmic rays with large pitch angles with respect to the magnetic field vector (cosine values close to zero) are modulated by it. The difference is due to the very weak scattering of particles by the interstellar turbulence. Particles trapped in the rarefied magnetic field inside a GMIR suffer a significant amount of adiabatic cooling, which results in a considerable intensity decrease and a bidirectional anisotropy. The simulation result can be used to explain what Voyager 1 observed in the very local interstellar medium. Depending on the strength of plasma compression inside a GMIR, some cosmic rays may be accelerated, but the GMIR effect on the cosmic-ray intensity is much weaker than that due to adiabatic cooling because particles have only a brief interaction with a GMIR without trapping.
A Link between Ram Pressure Stripping and Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Ricarte Angelo , Tremmel Michael , Natarajan Priyamvada , Quinn Thomas
Published: May 2020

The dense environment of a galaxy cluster can radically transform the content of in-falling galaxies. Recent observations have found a significant population of active galactic nuclei (AGN) within “jellyfish galaxies,” galaxies with trailing tails of gas and stars that indicate significant ram pressure stripping. The relationship between AGN and ram pressure stripping is not well understood. In this Letter, we investigate the connection between AGN activity and ram pressure in a fully cosmological setting for the first time using the RomulusC simulation, one of the highest resolution simulations of a galaxy cluster to date. For lower mass galaxies (with stellar masses M
* ≲ 109.5
M
⊙) both star formation and black hole accretion are suppressed by ram pressure before they reach pericenter, whereas for more massive galaxies accretion onto the black hole is enhanced during pericentric passage. Our analysis also indicates that as long as the galaxy retains gas, AGN with higher Eddington ratios are more likely to be found in galaxies experiencing higher ram pressure. We conclude that prior to quenching star formation, ram pressure triggers enhanced accretion onto the black hole, which in our model then produces heating and outflows due to AGN feedback. These simulations suggest that AGN feedback may in turn serve to aid in the quenching of star formation in tandem with ram pressure.
A new genus of spider beetle (Coleoptera, Ptinidae) from western Peru
Authors: Philips T. Keith , Whorrall Kyle A. , Gearner Olivia M. , Huchet Jean-Bernard
Published: May 2020

A new genus of flightless spider beetle from Peru with two new species is described. It is characterized by unique heart-shaped fused elytra and a broad pronotum with five basal depressions. The characters of this new genus and species are illustrated and discussed and the possible phylogenetic placement of this taxon is also included.
Review of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 of northeastern South America with an emphasis on Venezuela, Suriname, and Guyana (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)
Authors: Smith Rachel R. , Short Andrew Edward Z.
Published: May 2020

The water scavenger beetle genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 is reviewed in northeastern South America using an integrative approach that combines adult morphology and molecular data from the gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). Eighteen new species are described: Chasmogenus acuminatussp. nov. (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname), C. ampliussp. nov. (Venezuela), C. berbicensissp. nov. (Guyana), C. brownsbergensissp. nov. (Suriname), C. castaneussp. nov. (Venezuela), C. clavijoisp. nov. (Venezuela), C. cuspifersp. nov. (Venezuela), C. flavomarginatussp. nov. (Venezuela), C. gatosp. nov. (Venezuela), C. guianensissp. nov. (Suriname, Guyana), C. ignotussp. nov. (Brazil), C. ligulatussp. nov. (Suriname), C. lineatussp. nov. (Venezuela), C. pandussp. nov. (Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname), C. schmitssp. nov. (Suriname), C. sinnamarensissp. nov. (French Guiana), C. tafelbergensissp. nov. (Suriname), and C. undulatussp. nov. (Guyana). We found genetic support for an additional new species in Guyana which is currently only known from females that we refer to as Chasmogenus sp. C. We examined the holotypes of the four species previously known from the region, and found that C. occidentalis García syn. nov. and C. yukparum García syn. nov. are conspecific with C. bariorum García, 2000 and are synonymized with that species, which is here redescribed. We redescribe C. australis García and expand the range of this species to include northern Brazil, Guyana, and French Guiana. All species are aquatic, with most being associated with forested streams and forest pools. Of the 21 species, more than half (11) are only known from a single locality indicating the genus may have many more micro-endemic species yet to be discovered in the region. Characters of the male genitalia are essential for confirming the identity of some species, consequently it is not always possible to make positive identifications of unassociated female specimens based on morphology alone. Habitus images are provided as well as a revised key to the genus for northeastern South America.
La valorisation du personnel au sein des PME belges
Authors: Dupont Claire , Ferauge Perrine , Alphonse-Tilloy Isabelle , Scoyez Sylvie
Published: May 2020

Notre recherche s’intéresse à l’existence d’une politique de valorisation du personnel au sein de PME belges et à l’influence de la vision de la GRH développée par leur dirigeant dans l’implémentation d’une telle politique. Les informations fournies par 159 dirigeants de PME belges ayant répondu à notre enquête nous amènent à distinguer 3 classes de dirigeants qui ne partagent pas la même vision sur leur engagement en GRH. Cette conception différente de la GRH affecte alors les pratiques de valorisation auxquelles ces dirigeants recourent dans leur établissement.
Influence de la proximité représentative sur la mixité femmes-hommes dans les petites entreprises artisanales du bâtiment
Authors: Paradas Agnès , Debray Caroline , Fourcade Colette , Polge Marion
Published: May 2020

De nombreux métiers sont encore exercés par des populations exclusivement masculines ou féminines, alors que l’enjeu de la mixité femmes-hommes devient vital dans nos sociétés. L’artisanat du bâtiment, monde d’hommes, illustre ce fait. La demande d’évolution dans ce secteur relève d’attentes économiques et éthiques. Si toutes les entreprises sont touchées par ce phénomène, l’observation de petites structures permet d’identifier certaines caractéristiques propres à la taille réduite. En particulier, dans un champ de questionnements touchant fortement aux représentations et stéréotypes, la place centrale des dirigeants conduit à s’interroger sur l’influence de la proximité représentative sur la mixité. À partir d’une étude qualitative en deux temps – entretiens et focus groups – la présente recherche tente de mettre en perspective les éléments déterminants de l’intégration des femmes dans les métiers de l’artisanat du bâtiment, et de faire des propositions conduisant à l’amélioration de la mixité.
La destructivité liée à l’abus sexuel sur l’enfant
Authors: de Becker Emmanuel
Published: May 2020

L’abus sexuel sur l’enfant représente non seulement une problématique de santé individuelle mais également une thématique de santé publique. Si la maltraitance sexuelle constitue une question de santé physique et psychique d’un individu aux retombées multiples et variées, elle confronte également les aspects des premiers liens, les liens d’attachement, étant donné qu’elle se déroule habituellement dans le cercle familial. À la lumière de trois vignettes cliniques, l’article discute du concept de destructivité d’une part de manière générale et d’autre part spécifiquement dans les situations d’abus sexuel, pour proposer in fine quelques points d’attention autour de la parole de l’enfant au cours de la prise en charge. Précisons que l’enfant, qu’il se confie ou non, reste bien souvent psycho-traumatisé. La destructivité renvoie au caractère destructeur d’un élément vivant ou non et, plus généralement, à la faculté de détruire. En lien avec cette notion, on peut globalement observer des facteurs dits de gravité et d’autres dits de protection susceptibles de coexister. Si les premiers sont plus importants, la probabilité est grande que les symptômes soient invalidants et durables en soulignant qu’ils peuvent s’aggraver dans la durée ou apparaître de façon différée. Si les facteurs de protection sont significatifs, alors l’enfant connaîtra davantage de chances d’une faible atteinte traumatique et d’une cicatrisation plus ou moins rapide.
Incarner l’écriture narrativité, anorexie et adolescence
Authors: Viardot Claire , Rizzi Alice Titia , Moro Marie Rose
Published: May 2020

Cet article s’intéresse à la narrativité des adolescentes souffrant d’un trouble du comportement alimentaire de type anorexique. Les adolescentes sont hospitalisées dans le service de soins de la Maison des adolescents – Maison de Solenn pour des durées variables et leur prise en charge pluridisciplinaire propose un temps de groupe hebdomadaire centré sur l’écriture thérapeutique. Notre recherche, à travers une méthodologie qualitative, souhaite explorer les productions des patientes afin d’interroger l’évolution des processus thérapeutiques en jeu dans le groupe d’écriture.
Les impasses thérapeutiques dans la phobie scolaire de l’adolescent
Authors: Boë Emmanuelle
Published: May 2020

La phobie scolaire de l’adolescent confronte régulièrement le clinicien à une singulière résistance aux thérapeutiques entreprises, qu’elles soient ambulatoires ou institutionnelles. Pour contourner cette impasse, nous proposons de considérer l’école non seulement comme le lieu des apprentissages, ou celui qui symbolise la séparation d’avec la mère, mais également comme un synchronisateur externe de rythmicités. Au travers d’une situation clinique, nous explorons le registre autistique de fonctionnement qui se déploie chez un adolescent lorsqu’il est confronté à la question scolaire. Nous émettons l’hypothèse que des défaillances répétées dans l’accordage rythmique, des microtraumatismes précoces ayant empêché qu’un rythme de sécurité s’installe dans la relation primaire, entretiennent une strate autistique de la psyché, réglée sur un rythme mécanique. Les bouleversements pubertaires, en modifiant le rapport au temps qui s’est construit dans l’entrelacs des rythmes, ravivent les traumatismes dysrythmiques précoces. Une discontinuité, une rupture dans la synchronisation externe (vacances scolaires, arrêt maladie, etc.) peut alors déclencher l’éclosion des troubles. La co-création d’une enveloppe rythmique sécurisante va alors constituer à la fois un préalable et une amorce du lien thérapeutique.
Dysphorie de genre de l’adolescent : un appel à la prudence
Authors: Gauld Christophe
Published: May 2020

Chez l’adolescent, le diagnostic de dysphorie de genre est délicat, car il se trouve dans une période de bouleversement hormonal, de changements physiques et d’inconfort psychique. La prise en charge pédiatrique, endocrinologique, voire chirurgicale va dépendre de ce discernement diagnostique. La confirmation diagnostique de l’incongruence de genre est d’autant plus importante qu’elle va pouvoir conduire à un suivi individualisé et personnalisé. Nous avons ainsi tenté de déceler comment comprendre cette intrication de cadres nosologiques dans la période de l’adolescence. La prudence s’impose lorsque l’incongruence de genre se révèle être associée à une personnalité ou un trouble psychiatrique, dont l’instabilité peut induire une confusion chez les soignants. La relation de cooccurrence entre trouble psychiatrique et dysphorie de genre, d’un point de vue clinique (et non statistique), semble être particulièrement délicate à démêler. Une réflexion prudente peut cependant permettre d’apporter une information adéquate, un diagnostic précis et un suivi personnalisé.
L’accompagnement des parents dans la démarche d’évaluation diagnostique de TSA chez leur enfant
Authors: Charles Émilie , Lheureux-Davidse Chantal , Maurin Laurie , Heulin Mathilde , Zylberberg Pascale , Pommepuy Noël
Published: May 2020

À l’heure où le repérage, l’évaluation et le diagnostic du Trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) est un enjeu majeur en termes de politique de santé publique, il est important de s’interroger sur la manière de proposer ces évaluations. Cet article présente la réflexion clinique de l’équipe du Centre de diagnostic et d’évaluation de l’autisme – UNIDEP de Bondy (93) – autour du protocole d’évaluation diagnostique proposé aux enfants et à leurs parents. Un dispositif spécifique a été mis en place dans lequel les parents collaborent avec les professionnels à l’évaluation et aux réflexions sur les manifestations de leur enfant dans des situations de bilans standardisés qui éveillent ses particularités. Au-delà de l’accompagnement de la reconnaissance des signes de TSA chez leur enfant, l’observation commune entre les parents et les professionnels de la rencontre de l’enfant et du clinicien en séance permet de co-construire une représentation du vécu interne et du fonctionnement de leur enfant et soutenir un meilleur ajustement mutuel.
Optimization of the enzymatic pre-treatment process for mustard oilseeds using response surface methodology
Authors: Neeharika T. S.V.R. , Prasanna Rani K. N. , Thirupathi A. , Anjaneyulu E. , Srikanth K. , Prabhavathi Devi B. L.A. , Prasad R. B.N. , Jala R. C.R.
Published: May 2020

In order to investigate the effect of an enzymatic pre-treatment process for the extraction of oil from black mustard seeds (Brassica nigra) using viscozyme, the reaction parameters such as temperature, buffer-to-seed ratio and enzyme concentration were considered as determinant factors in the central composite design. Optimization was carried out according to the four-variable five-level central composite design of experiments. The effects of enzyme concentration (5–12%), temperature (40–55 °C), pH (5.0–6.0), and reaction time (1–7 h) on the free oil liberated were studied. Residual oil was collected by subjecting the treated meal to soxhlet extraction for 4 h. An enzyme dose of 7.5% (w/w), pH 5.0, 50 °C, and 5 h with constant shaking at 450 rpm were found to be opti­mal conditions. Centrifuging the mixture at 7000 rpm for 30 min separated the oil with a recovery of 71–73.1%.
Guerre, art et religion en Inde du Nord
Authors: Fussman Gérard
Published: May 2020

Comment trois siècles de continuelles invasions, d’Alexandre le Macédonien aux Kouchans, ont-ils involontairement favorisé un bouleversement religieux et artistique extraordinaire en Inde du Nord ?

Gérard Fussman fait ici le bilan de soixante années de recherches internationales qui ont profondément transformé notre perception de l’histoire ancienne de la péninsule indienne. Il y évoque les circonstances de la création d’une représentation anthropomorphique du Buddha et de la diffusion du bouddhisme en Asie centrale et en Chine continentale, aujourd’hui dans le monde entier. Il revient aussi sur son parcours personnel et intellectuel d’enfant d’immigrés.
Critical Evaluation of Laws on Traditional Knowledge
Authors: Gulzar Unanza
Published: May 2020

People at large do not have the capacity to transform their knowledge into formal specification and consequently into wealth. Some people who are hampered because of their poverty illiteracy, isolative habitat, lack of information and technological gadgets are unable to convert their knowledge into wealth. In this background, the chapter has critically evaluated traditional knowledge in the context of the challenges it faces. Further, it analyses the protection given to traditional knowledge under different laws and its international perspective. Moreover, efforts are taken at both the national and regional levels. Lastly, the chapter has come up with certain suggestions for its improvement and protection.
Access to Medicines in the Light of Patent Law Regime in India
Authors: Jumde Akanksha , Kumar Nishant
Published: May 2020

This chapter aims to trace the development of patent law regime in India and analyze its evolution in response to globally-influential intellectual property framework, such as TRIPS and pressure from the developed countries US and Europe to open up her markets to permit cash-rich pharmaceutical companies to sell their drugs and receive patent protection in India. An observation of the legislative actions and judicial responses reveal that both the parliament and the supreme echelons of the judiciary have been tediously careful in protecting the healthcare needs of the poor by promoting the generic drug industry through a guarded interpretation of Section 3(d) of Patents Act, 1970. The objective of the chapter is to critically analyze the legislative reforms and judicial interpretations of patent law in light of the socio-economic needs of the country.
Interface Between Right to Education and IPR
Authors: Jumde Akanksha , Kumar Nishant
Published: May 2020

The chapter seeks to explore the extent to which copyright law impedes the fulfillment of the right to education and discuss the alternatives that seek to balance these conflicting rights. The chapter is divided into three parts: the first part of the chapter discusses the embodiment of the right to education in several national and international instruments, the extent of problem of the lack of access to educational materials due to copyright protection. The next part of the chapter discusses the flexibilities provided in international copyright law and efficacy of the same, primarily the doctrine of fair use. The last part of the chapter discusses alternatives to fair use and impact of these supplementary mechanisms.
Challenges Related to Protection of Indigenous Resources Against Biopiracy
Authors: Khan Zubair Ahmed
Published: May 2020

The protection of indigenous/aboriginal resources is one of the important aspects of biodiversity justice. Many international treaties and conventions legitimised natural rights and privileges of tribal societies and indigenous communities. But some interventionist practices like a conflict of interest in bioprospecting agreement and biopiracy have become major concerns for prospering third-world countries. Strategic application of prior-informed consent and benefit-sharing procedures will definitely meet socio-environmental sustainability in the country. The responsibility and liability of state biodiversity authority and local biodiversity committee at village level need to be fixed to maintain transparency and accountability. Conservation of ethnobiological resources is also important in the view of increasing patent infringement. That's why issues of patentability must include complete disclosure of specification claims even in the case foreign natural resources.
Explaining Purchase Intention Towards Eco-Friendly Apparel
Authors: Yadav Seemant Kumar , Tripathi Vikas
Published: May 2020

Textile manufacturing is one of the polluting industries contributing to approximately 1.2 billion tonnes of toxic greenhouse gases. Due to increasing consumer purchase index, companies are adopting unsustainable means like synthetic fiber and polyester, leaving tonnes of wastewater and other pollutants in order to fulfill customer demand. It leads to deterioration of the environment and causes serious health hazards. The present study addresses the issue of customer purchase intention towards environmentally friendly apparel by using the theory of planned behavior.
“Fixing” the Gender Divides in ICT Programs Within Universities
Authors: Coto Mayela , Dirckinck-Holmfeld Lone
Published: May 2020

Although information and communication technology (ICT) is a fast-growing sector, transforms societies radically, offers many job and career growth opportunities, and is higher paid, women are highly underrepresented in ICT-related programs. This study asks the following research questions: What is the rate of women's participation in different kinds of university IT programs? How can we approach the women participation in IT programs at the university level? The chapter presents two cases, namely, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica and Aalborg University, Denmark. Although both countries occupy privileged positions in the Global Gender Gap Index, they also face challenges. Based on a thorough analysis of national and detailed IT program data from the cases, the chapter concludes that, to overcome the gender divide, radical and complex “fixing” of the organizations and IT programs is needed. The data support a mainstreaming strategy to ground the IT programs in a humanistic orientation and to promote diversity among staff, especially at the full professor level.
Emergence of Entrepreneurship
Authors: Motha Krishnaveni
Published: May 2020

Micro enterprises are increasingly being accepted as a path to improving livelihoods in rural areas, especially among tribal women, happening largely due to loss of collective ownership of lands, depletion of natural resources, intrusion of dominant outsiders in their private properties, and deforestation. These factors are contributing to a disadvantageous situation deepening the poverty among tribals, especially women. The emergence of community-based organisations like self-help groups, cooperatives, government schemes, and programs has facilitated this new trend. Women in tribal societies are considered economic assets, and the increasing access to entrepreneurial activities increases the overall household income and improves their quality of life. The chapter covers the nature of enterprises run by tribal women, the sources of support system, and the nature of their involvement in enterprise management.
Gender-Based Violence and Legal Frameworks
Authors: Louis Maria
Published: May 2020

Gender-based violence (GBV) has grown into a pandemic. It has spread its tentacles so far and wide that no country or community in the 21st century is immune from it. There are, of course, laws to prevent GBV and punish the perpetrators of GBV. But, the laws, in general, pathetically fail to yield the desired result and fail to play the role of an effective deterrent as lawmakers themselves, most often, become lawbreakers. It is well known that patriarchy has a vested interest in gender inequality, which is the root cause of GBV. The dominant gender, male, uses violence against all other genders, including female and third gender, as a lethal weapon to prove their muscle-power, pseudo-superiority, and enjoy what is not morally and ethically and legally right. GBV is undoubtedly a human right violation. However, in the land of nonviolence, India, marital rape, among others, is still legal. Things are slowly changing, and it gives hope.
Gender Transformative Change With Men
Authors: Das Abhijit , Singh Satish Kumar , Jain Rimjhim , Contractor Sana
Published: May 2020

Traditionally, the approach to address gender equality has been to empower women through education, collective organising, legal remedies, electoral participation, and institutional engagement. Empowerment of women undoubtedly increases women's awareness of their rights and their ability to confront discrimination and violence; however, engagement with men can make this process collaborative and address men's accountability towards advancing gender justice. This chapter describes the Centre for Health and Social Justice's efforts to engage men within a gender-transformative framework, in different domains of gender equality such as advancing sexual and reproductive rights, eliminating gender-based violence, addressing men's responsibility in care work, and supporting women's leadership in governance.
Teaching of Foreign Languages for Engineering Students in Indian Contexts
Authors: Calaivanane R.  , Karthikeyan J.
Published: May 2020

This chapter describes how in the globalized era, the need for learning a foreign language has increased the unquenchable thirst of students to attain success globally. Though English enjoys all privileges the same as the regional languages of India, it is no longer considered a foreign language. After the successful completion of engineering courses, a majority of students are placed in IT sectors, and a few, with a keen interest on research, go abroad for higher education. Language is an important part of culture and civilization, and students, by learning foreign languages, get a wide cultural and linguistic exposure. Language is a major aspect of globalization and is closely connected with waves of migrant students.
A Study on Incorporating Narrow Reading Into Engineering Program Curriculum to Teach New Words
Authors: Rao Challa Srinivasa , Karayil Suresh Babu
Published: May 2020

This finds the possibility of incorporating narrow reading into the curriculum of engineering students. The success of incorporating narrow reading will be determined by the learning outcome of the students. The scores achieved by the students on standardized tests like GRE, TOEFL, and IELTS are considered a benchmark for attaining language skills. So, before taking up full-fledged research, this study intends to investigate if achievement scores can be correlated to the Narrow Reading habit of the students. A questionnaire was administered to the students to know the standard tests the students took, their reading habits and choices, titles of the books or stories they read and the authors of the works. Analysis of the responses collected through the questionnaire provided the foundation to the proposal of this paper to incorporate Narrow Reading into the curriculum of Engineering Education in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in India.
An Experiential Study on the Learners' Perception of E-Learning and Traditional Learning
Authors: Baisel Anu , M. Vijayakumar , P. Sujatha
Published: May 2020

The teaching-learning process had been confined to the classrooms before technology found its place in the field of education. The classrooms were either student-centred or teacher-centred. The scenario changed slowly and classroom instruction became technology-supported. Today's learners, the digital natives, rely more on technology rather than teachers. The drastic change raised a question whether they need teachers or technology for higher levels of learning and the possible results. In order to find out an answer to this question, a study was conducted among the young engineering graduates belonging to a private technical institution in Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. Surprisingly, the results favoured the traditional mode of teaching in spite of the numerous advantages listed out by the respondents.
From Lexis to Discourse
Authors: Noval Sangeetha , Gautam Kripa K.
Published: May 2020

Any exercise of structuring written or spoken discourse starts from Lexis, the most basic unit of communication. We may call it the initiator of discourse. Despite considerable efforts made towards developing the word power of the ESL learners, they face difficulty in using the vocabulary appropriately in a variety of socio-cultural contexts in which they are required to operate. The present chapter attempts to demonstrate how this five-stage pedagogy will enhance learner's ability to make use of the available lexical items in authentic situations so as to produce meaningful discourse. The proposed pedagogy is the result of our experiment with authentic sample of students and language exercises. The five-stage pedagogy comprises the following stages:
Are Panoramic Education Lectures a Distraction?
Authors: Kaliyaperumal Surendheran , Vijayakumar Mallika , Siva Rama Krishnan S.
Published: May 2020

Education in this 21st century has come a long way and it has seen several innovative methods in reaching its learners. In recent years, the development of IT and web services made it possible to reach a remote audience. Several platforms and academicians have started to adopt e-learning methodologies in a view of reaching massive learners across the globe. As a current trend, all these e-learning platforms are using videos as their major medium of content delivery and these videos are generally ‘flat.' Another advancement in recent years is the 360° panoramic videos that are gaining a lot of popularity in the field of entertainment. This paper summarises the attitude of the learners and how the 360° video's environment influences them when a panoramic video lecture is used for content delivery that replaces the traditional 2D flat educational videos.
Dynamic Causality Among FDI, Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in India With Open Markets and Technology Gap
Authors: Rana Ritu , Sharma Manoj
Published: May 2020

This study examines the causality relationships between FDI, economic growth (in terms of GDP) and the natural environment, in terms of CO2 emissions and energy consumption, along with two more variables of interest i.e., trade openness and technology gap in the context of India. The data used in the study is obtained from World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank Group for the period 1980 to 2014. The study employed the dynamic multivariate Toda-Yamamoto (TY) approach that uses the modified Wald (MWALD) test. The results show that FDI is neither causing economic growth nor is it bridging the technology gap directly in India. The results also indicate the existence of a Pollution Haven Hypothesis in India as the FDI is causing environmental degradation, i.e. CO2 emissions and energy consumption. Also, FDI is, though not causing GDP directly, but is doing so indirectly through CO2 emissions validating the existence of Pollution Haven Hypothesis. FDI is causing trade openness in India, but that openness is again causing more FDI which is doing no good for India.