bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of ChatGPT in medical research and scientific writing
Authors: Lee Ping Yein , Salim Hani , Abdullah Adina , Teo Chin Hai
Published: October 2023

ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) language model based on the GPT-3.5 architecture, is revolutionising scientific writing and medical research. Researchers employ ChatGPT for diverse tasks, including automated literature reviews, structured-outline generation and drafting/editing assistance. The tool adapts language for varied audiences, aids in citation management, supports collaborative writing and peer review and facilitates table/figure creation. While it enhances efficiency, concerns arise regarding ethics, bias, accuracy and originality. Transparent data sourcing and validation are crucial, as ChatGPT complements human efforts but does not replace critical thinking. Accordingly, researchers must uphold integrity, ensuring that AI-assisted content aligns with research principles. Acknowledgement of AI use in manuscripts, as recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, ensures accountability. ChatGPT’s transformative potential lies in harmonising its capabilities with researchers’ expertise, fostering a symbiotic relationship that advances scientific progress and ethical standards.
Effect of Performance Planning on Employee Productivity in Broadcast Media Outlets in Bungoma and Busia Counties, Kenya
Authors: Sifuna Lilian W. , Shitseswa Ayub E. , Tsuma Eglay T.
Published: October 2023

Numerous worldwide institutions have encountered challenges in achieving their intended objectives. These difficulties have even caused some organizations to collapse, resulting in more significant and costly issues. Performance management systems in organizations have been considered the most significant. Therefore, effective performance management systems have numerous benefits for any organization, and performance management stands as a primary responsibility of HR. The performance management system within media organizations aims to boost employee effectiveness by aligning individual goals with the overall objectives of the company. It entails performance planning, performance appraisals and reviews, ongoing feedback, performance improvement plans, and rewards. Despite the media houses having PMS, performance remains relatively poor. The objective of the research, therefore, was to analyze the effectiveness of performance management on employee productivity in media houses in Busia and Bungoma counties found in the Kenyan western region. The study’s specific objective was to determine the effect of performance planning on employee job productivity in media outlets in Bungoma and Busia counties. The descriptive research design was utilized. A total of 153 participants were selected based on the calculation from Slovin's formula, and stratified sampling was employed to classify management into top, middle, and low tiers. Questionnaires were utilized to gather data, and the credibility and consistency of the tool were verified. The outcomes indicated that performance planning (t = 2.858; p<0.05) had a statistically positive and significant effect on employee productivity in broadcast media outlets.
الظواهر الكونية في سورة الرعد
Authors:   ديوان الوقف الشيعي دائرة البحوث والدراسات الاسلامية, نعمة حسن الصحاف قحطان
Published: October 2023

ان استعراض صور الاعجاز العلمي في سورة الرعد كشف لنا –كما كشفت سائر آيات الاعجاز- صدق نبوة رسولنا الكريم (صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم) في تلقيه آيات القرآن من الله تعالى عن طريق الوحي، فلا يمكن ان يكون الحديث عن الظواهر الكونية واسرارها بهذه الطريقة قبل اربعة عشر قرناً حين كانت التقنيات العلمية واجهزة الرصد وسفن الفضاء وسائل العلم معدومة، الا ما يتعلق بالمشاهدة العينية، والخبرات المنقولة، وحتى المشاهدة تعجز عن تفسير كثير من الظواهر القريبة فضلاً عن البعيدة، اما الخبرات فقد تداخلت فيها الاساطير والاوهام، لذلك تقراً الكثير من التفسيرات التي تشوبها الخرافة في كتب الاقدمين عند حديثهم عن خلص الكون والارض وما عليها، ولكن القرآن الكريم اجلى للبشرية الحقائق العلمية في خلقها واذهل المتخصصين فيها. ان ثبات حقيقة كروية الأرض من القرآن الكريم في قوله تعالى: {وَهُوَ الَّذِي مَدَّ الأَرْضَ} يدل على أن الشكل الهندسي الوحيد الذي يمكن أن تكون الأرض فيه ممدودة في كل بقعة تصل إليها هو الشكل الكروي، فإنك إن بدأت من أي نقطة على سطح الكرة الأرضية وأخذت تسير ثم عُدتْ إلى نقطة البداية فإنك ستراها ممتدة أمامك دائماً.
أحاديث عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص (ضي الله عنهما) الموقوفة التي لا مجال للاجتهاد فيها في كتب السُّنة (جمعاً ودراسة)
Authors:   قسم الكتاب والسُّنة بجامعة أم القرى, فويران الحربي فوزية
Published: October 2023

يدور البحث حول جمع الأحاديث الموقوفة على عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص (رضي الله عنهما)، ويشترط في هذه الأحاديث أن تكون مما لا مجال للاجتهاد فيها كالإخبار عن الأمور الغيبية أو أشراط الساعة أو بيان فضل وثواب طاعة أو عقاب على معصية. ويتكون البحث من مقدمة ومبحثين وخاتمة. المبحث الأول في ترجمة عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص، والمبحث الثاني أحاديث عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص (رضي الله عنهما) الموقوفة التي لا مجال للاجتهاد فيها جمعاً ودراسة. وفي ختام هذا البحث توصلت إلى النتائج التالية: أهمية دراسة الآثار الواردة عن الصحابة (رضوان الله عنهم) لتمييز صحيحها من سقيمها. وقفت على عشرين رواية موقوفة على عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص (رضي الله عنهما) ستة منها صحيحة الإسناد، واثنتان حسنة، واثنتا عشرة رواية ضعيفة.
بين أدلة علماء العقيدة والاكتشافات العلمية الحديثة صفة (العلو، والجهة، والنزول) أنموذجاً
Authors:   ديوان الوقف السني، بغداد، العراق, جلوب جاسم العيساوي رياض
Published: October 2023

يتناول هذا البحث مبحث الصفات الإلهية من مباحث العقيدة الإسلامية، ويتحدث تحديداً عن صفة (العلو) و(الجهة) في حق ربنا تبارك وتعالى، إذ يبين البحث آراء علماء العقيدة في هذه المسألة، مع بيان أدلتهم، ثم يتناول البحث وجهة نظر العلم الحديث، والاكتشافات العلمية المعاصرة، حول هذا الأمر، على وفق المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وقد قسمت بحثي على أربعة مطالب، تكلمت بداية عن الصفات الخبرية عند علماء العقيدة، ثم في منظور العلم الحديث، وقد خلص البحث إلى نتيجة مفادها أن الله (عز وجل)، تعالى عن صفة العلوّ الجسمي وكونه في السماء علواً كبيراً؛ فلا يليق بربنا الذي بيّن أنه لا يشبهه شيء أبداً، أن نصفه بصفات المخلوقات.
النبوات في سياق التفاعل مع الفكر والمجتمع (قضايا النبوات بالغرب الإسلامي أنموذجاً)
Authors:   الدكتور يوسف بنلمهدي جامعة قطر، كلية الشريعة والدراسات الإسلامية، الدوحة/ قطر, بنلمهدي يوسف
Published: October 2023

يناقش هذا البحث تطور موضوع النبوات في تاريخ الفكر الإسلامي، ويسعى إلى اكتشاف تفاعله مع القضايا الاجتماعية والفكرية الذاتية والخارجية، والتحولات التي طرأت عليه من حيث المنهج والمضامين. وذلك عبر قراءة جديدة لظروف نشأة مبحث النبوات واستقلاله عن الإلهيات بالمشرق والمغرب، وانتقال علم الكلام من الشرق إلى الغرب الإسلامي والظروف الجديدة التي تفاعل معها. وخلص البحث إلى استنتاج عدد من التحولات المتعلقة بنوع القضايا النبوية المثارة في كتب الإيمان والتصوف والفلسفة ومقارنة الأديان، ثم رصد المناهج المعتمدة في إثبات النبوة، والتغيير الذي طرأ على طبيعة الاستدلال.
من الأحكام الفقهية لبدل الخلو وتطبيقاته المعاصرة
Authors:   قسم الدراسات الإسلامية/ كلية التربية/ جامعة الملك سعود/ الرياض, بنت أحمد الطيار آلاء
Published: October 2023

يتناول هذا البحث موضوع الأحكام المتعلقة ببدل الخلو وتطبيقاته المعاصرة، وبيان أقوال الفقهاء فيها وآثارها. ويهدف إلى: بيان ماهية بدل الخلو، ونشأته، وصوره، والتطبيق المعاصر له. وقد تكوَّن البحث من: مقدمة، وثلاثة مباحث؛ اشتمل المبحث الأول على تعريف بدل الخلو ونشأته، واشتمل المبحث الثاني على صور بدل الخلو وأحكامه، بينما اشتمل المبحث الثالث على الصور المعاصرة لبدل الخلو عبر تناوُل أحكام بعض القضايا المعاصرة ذات الصلة. وانتهى البحث إلى خاتمة تضمنت نتائج؛ من أبرزها: يجوز أخذ بدل الخلو في التطبيقات المعاصرة لبدل الخلو التي تناولها البحث مع مراعاة الشروط والأحكام لذلك، وهذه التطبيقات، هي: 1. بدل الخلو للتنازل عن عقد اللاعب المحترف. 2. بدل الخلو للتنازل عن الوظائف المحتكرة. 3. بدل الخلو للتنازل عن الحسابات في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
تعمد التصرف بالمتن: صوره وأغراضه وآثاره
Authors:   كلية الشريعة والدراسات الإسلامية جامعة الكويت, زايد العتيبي محمد
Published: October 2023

يتناول هذا البحث قضية تصرف الراوي بالمتن، بهدف معرفة أثر تصرف الراوي في رواية متن حديثه الذي يرويه، وبيان صوره وشروطه وأغراضه، والتعبير بالتصرف أعم من التعبير بلفظة الاختصار أو ما شابهها. وقد سلكت فيه المنهج الاستقرائي، باستقراء نصوص علماء الحديث في تعمد تصرف الراوي في المتن، والمنهج التحليلي بتحليل تلك النصوص للوصول لصور التصرف بالمتن وشروطه وأغراضه. وقسمته على مقدمة وثلاثة مباحث وخاتمة؛ المقدمة ذكرت فيها أهمية الموضوع، ومشكلته، وأهدافه، والدراسات السابقة، ومنهجه وخطته، وذكرت بالمبحث الأول التعريف بالتصرف بالمتن وبيان أداء الرواة الحديث كما سمعوه، ومدى حرصهم على ذلك، وأما المبحث الثاني فذكرت فيه صور التصرف بالمتن وشروط كل صوره، وأما المبحث الأخير فذكرت فيه أغراض تعمد التصرف بالمتن، وبعض التطبيقات للأحاديث التي تصرف رواتها بمتونها، وبينت أثر هذا التصرف في الحكم على الأحاديث، وبالخاتمة ذكرت عددا من النتائج والتوصيات. ومن أبرز نتائج البحث أنَّ طرائق معرفة التصرف المتعمد إما بنص الراوي نفسه، وإما نص أحد النقاد، أو مقارنة المرويات، أو معرفة من كانت عادته التصرف. وأن مقارنة المرويات واعتبار بعضها ببعض هو سبيل معرفة تصرف الرواة في المتون، وهي طريقة المحدثين في الحكم على الأحاديث.
العشق الإلهي في شعر سمسون المحب دراسة بلاغية الطباق مثالاً
Authors:   جامعة بغداد/ كلية الآداب/ قسم اللغة العربية, منصور الحلو وسن
Published: October 2023

يتناول هذا البحث تسليط الضوء على عَلَمٍ مِن أعلام الإسلام، وذلك بمعرفة نبذة مختصرة عن حياة الإمام ابن الجوزي (رحمه الله)، ثم انتخاب بعضِ مباحث علوم القرآن التي ذكرها ابن الجوزي (رحمه الله) في تفسيره زاد المسير في علم التفسير في سورة البقرة دراسة منهجية نقدية، إذ سيتناول البحثُ في بداياته موضوعَ النسخ في القرآن الكريم وأنواعه من حيث اللفظ والحكم ودرجاته من حيث الأخف والأثقل والتساوي، وذلك بتتبع المسائل الواردة في تفسيره.
الشِّعرية ووظائفها في كتاب "السّحر والشِّعر" للسانِ الدِّين بن الخَطيب (776هـ)
Authors:   جامعة السُّليمانية/ كليّة اللغات, عَبّاس عَلِيّ هَازَه , مَحمُود كرِيّم رَمَضَان , عِمرَان مُحَمّد حُسَين ,   جامعة كَرميان/ كليّة التربيّة,   جامعة كَرميان/ كليّة التربيّة
Published: October 2023

تعاين هذه الدّرِاسة مصطلحاً نقديّاً بارزاً -الشعريّة- في الدِّراسات النّقديّة بوصفه مجالاً يعتني بكشف قوانين الخطاب الابداعي والجمالي وما يترشح عنه من وظائف عديدة في الاشتغال الأدبي، ومن أجل ذلك وظّفت هذه الدراسة طروحات روّاد هذه النّظريّة ولا سيّما النُّقاد الغربيين في مقاربة نصوص كتاب "السِّحر والشِّعر" للسان الدين بن الخطيب (776هـ)، وأبان استثمار مفهوم الشِّعريّة في المدونة المنوه بها إلى إنارة وظائف مختلفة عكست بدورها بنية الخطاب الشّعري وتلقيه في الثقافة العربيّة.
ملامح التشكيل البصري في شعر شعراء العصر الاموي
Authors:   الجامعة المستنصرية, عباس عليوي انتهاء
Published: October 2023

حاول الشعراء الامويون استثمار كل الادوات الفنية حتى يحققوا لنصوصهم قدرا من الابداع ، فان ظاهرة التشكيل البصري عبارة عن كسر نظام كتابة المألوف ، بهدف زيادة عدة الدلالات الممكنة ، وهذه الظاهرة تعد من الظواهر المهمة في الدراسات الاسلوبية التي تدرس النص الشعري على انه اسلوب مخالف للمألوف فالتشكيل البصري في الشعر الاموي يحاول ان يستعيض من خلال التعبير بالصورة البصرية وقد تجلت مظاهرها بالإكثار من علامات الترقيم في جسد النص الشعري وتمزيق البيت الشعري الواحد من خلال تقطيعه الى جمل عدة او التكرار.
Pendataan Informasi UMKM Di Desa Cikelat Dengan Penambahan Lokasi Pada Aplikasi Google Maps Api
Authors: Ucu Tuti Alawiyah  , Aldi Sugilar  , Yusuf Iskandar
Published: October 2023

Cikelat Village, Cisolok District, Sukabumi Regency has a lot of potential for UMKM but there are several obstacles in running Cikelat Village MSMEs. The purpose of this study is to find out, describe and analyze the development of UMKM  from Cikelat village, using a Geographic Information System by utilizing Google Maps which will later help and facilitate UMKM actors in Cikelat village to become UMKMs that go digital. The method in this community service uses the Documentation method and direct field surveys. Because it monitors the development and addition of the location of UMKM in the google maps application is something that is done so that UMKM in Cikelat Village continue to run and develop.
Relationship between Big-5 Personality Traits & Employee Motivation to Transfer: A Study of the Education Sector
Authors: Khalid Shahzad Ahmed , Sarwar Shakeel
Published: October 2023

The objective of this research is to analyze how the Big Five Personality Traits impact an employee's motivation to transfer training in the education sector. The research aims to determine if specific personality traits such as conscientiousness and openness are more strongly linked to increased motivation to transfer training knowledge into the workplace. A descriptive cross-sectional research design is utilized to examine the findings. The results demonstrate that the Big Five Personality Traits significantly influence training transfer, with openness, conscientiousness, and adaptability having particularly positive effects on motivation to transfer. Consequently, these traits are likely to enhance the probability of successful training transfer.
Socio-Demographic, Cause, and Benefit of Internal and International Migration: A case study of Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh province, Afghanistan
Authors: KHAWARİ Baqir , KHAWARİ Mohammad Sadiq
Published: October 2023

Migration has a long history in Afghanistan, but it has increased remarkably over the last decade. This study examines the actual data of 1060 households in Mazar-i-Sharif, the capital of the Balkh province in Afghanistan to evaluate the main causes and benefits of migration. The data used in this study was obtained from a strictly random process. The study finds that the main reasons for internal and international migration are unemployment and income inequality, in addition to war and poverty, as international motivations for migration. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that households receive benefit from migrant remittances to increase their income and smooth consumption. Thus, the study suggests that to manage migration in Afghanistan, the government and international organizations should work together for peace and the reduction of poverty in Afghanistan to mitigate a further migration crisis in the future.
Mehmet Köse (Ed.), Türk Diasporasının Siyasal Katılım Gündemi 2023 Seçimleri ve Diaspora (Political Participation Agenda of the Turkish Diaspora 2023 Elections and Diaspora); GAV Perspektif Yayınları, Ankara, 2023, pp. 188, 149.50₺, ISBN 978- 605-71985-6-3
Authors: AKDENİZ Osman Can
Published: October 2023

For more than 60 years, Turkish citizens have been emigrating from Türkiye to different parts of the world. These people have resided in these locations for a long time, becoming permanent residents, reaching the third and even fourth generations. Today, this community abroad is called the Turkish diaspora. The participation of this growing number of Turkish diaspora in Turkish elections and their political participation agenda are an issue that has been analyzed more and more over time. There are various examples of political participation abroad throughout the world. For example, in many countries, such as Italy, Mexico, and Bolivia, the overseas vote influences the fate of elections. In Türkiye, participation has increased in every election since the first overseas election in 2014, reaching 56 percent in the last election. In particular, it should be noted that in the parliamentary and presidential elections of 2023, 3 percent of the total number of valid votes were cast from abroad. Moreover, in the parliamentary elections, 3 parliamentary seats were transferred to different parties with the addition of overseas votes. In light of this information, voting and political participation abroad is a very important issue both in academic studies and in politics itself. In this context, the book entitled “Political Participation Agenda of the Turkish Diaspora”, prepared with the contributions of researchers from the Migration Research Foundation, and edited by Mehmet Köse, and published in 2023 is noteworthy. Köse and his team of researchers, through surveys and in-depth interview studies, reveal in a simple way the interest of the Turkish diaspora in Turkish politics, the participation process, and the participation agenda.
Rogers Brubaker. Fransa ve Almanya’da Vatandaşlık ve Ulus Bilinci, Çevirmen: Ezgi Su Dağabak, GAV Perspektif Yayınları, 2022, s. 330, 120 TL, ISBN 9786057387714
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Gürkan
Published: October 2023

Rogers Brubaker’in kitabı, Fransa ve Almanya’da Vatandaşlık ve Ulus Bilinci, 1992 yılında Harvard Üniversitesi yayınlarından çıkmıştır. Yazar, Kaliforniya Üniversitesi, Los Angeles’de seçkin bir sosyoloji profesörüdür. Adı geçen; sosyal teori, göç, vatandaşlık, ulus ve etnisite ile ilgili çalışmalarıyla tanınmaktadır. Bu eser, sonradan milliyetçilik üzerine yazacağı kitabın da kilometre taşı olan, vatandaşlık ile ilgili çalışmalarının ilk eseridir.
STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF PHOSPHORUS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MANGANESE ALLOYS USING ORES WITH A LOW MANGANESE CONTENT
Authors: Полулях Л.А. , Евсеев Е.Г. , Савостьянов А.В. , Бочериков Р.Е.
Published: October 2023

Экономический рост в развивающихся странах, в первую очередь в Китае, привел к значительному увеличению производства и потребления стали в последние годы, что положительно сказалось на спросе на марганцевые ферросплавы. Марганцевые руды высокого качества из Австралии, Африки и Южной Америки стали в большем объеме поставляться на ферросплавные заводы в Азии, где ранее использовались низкосортные марганцевые руды. По мнению большинства специалистов, будущее марганцевой отрасли будет зависеть от производства стали, а в других сферах применения марганца, вероятно, будет наблюдаться впечатляющий рост. Рост использования марганца в литий-ионных и никель-металлогидридных аккумуляторах для эксплуатации в электрических транспортных средствах приведет к увеличению его потребления в промышленности в целом. Более 90% марганца в общей структуре потребления используется в черной металлургии при выплавке стали в виде различных марганцевых ферросплавов. Расход марганца в сталеплавильном производстве разных стран мира зависит от сортамента выплавляемого металла (кислородно-конвертерного, электросталеплавильного), научно-технического уровня технологических процессов и других факторов. В странах СНГ удельный расход марганца высок и достигает 9 кг на 1 т стали. Проведенные исследования направлены на изучение возможности удаления фосфора в газовую фазу при производстве марганцевых ферросплавов, что позволит вовлечь в производство отечественные фосфорсодержащие марганцевые руды с получением высокосортных марганцевых ферросплавов.

Economic growth in developing countries, especially China, has led to an increase in steel production and consumption in recent years. This increases the demand for manganese ferroalloys. High-grade manganese ores from Australia, Africa and South America are supplied in larger quantities to ferroalloy plants in Asia, where low-grade manganese ores were previously used. Most experts believe the future of the manganese industry will depend on the dynamics of steel production. This is due to the fact that manganese consumption in other applications of manganese (production of batteries and electric vehicles) is growing. The iron and steel industry uses more than 90% of manganese in its total consumption in steel smelting in the form of various manganese ferroalloys. Manganese consumption in steelmaking in different countries depends on the range of smelted metal (oxygenconverter, electric steelmaking), scientific and technical level of technological processes and other factors. In the CIS countries, specific consumption of manganese reaches 9 kg per 1 ton of steel. These are high values. The conducted research is aimed at studying the possibility of phosphorus removal into the gas phase during production of manganese ferroalloys. This will make it possible to involve domestic phosphorus-containing manganese ores in production with obtaining high-grade manganese ferroalloys.
Penerapan Model Cooperative Learning Type Market Place Activity melalui Aplikasi Canva untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (Studi Eksperimen di Kelas VIII SMP IT Cikal Sukawening Garut)
Authors: Firdaus Muhammad Luthfi , Usman Asep Tutun , Amiruddin Jafar
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning Type Market Place Activity melalui Aplikasi Canva untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam khususnya di kelas VIII SMP IT Cikal Sukawening Garut. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi karena perlu adanya peningkatan hasil belajar dalam diri setiap siswa. Dalam hal ini dilakukan uji intstrumen pretest dan posttest untuk mengetahui sejauh mana hasil belajar siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam sehingga dapat diketahui hasilnya sebelum diberikan perlakuan dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan. Di tambah dengan teknik lain yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian experimen dengan Nonequvalent Control Grup Design dilakukan di kelas VIII A sebanyak 16 siswa dan kelas VIII B sebanyak 16 siswa yang dijadikan sampel penelitian. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan tes yang merupakan tes tulis (pilihan ganda) dan terbagi menjadi pretest dan posttest untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen sebesar 69 (pretest) dan 81 (posttest) sedangkan nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol sebesar 67 (pretest) dan 76 (posttest). Maka pengujian hipotesis yang diajukan dapat diterima karena nilai Thitung lebih besar dari pada Ttabel yaitu 5,37>2,75. Setelah melewati beberapa tahap perhitungan sebelumnya, maka dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa penerapam model Cooperative Learning Type Market Place Activity melalui Aplikasi Canva pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) terdapat peningkatan sebesar 0,40
Peran Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Di Era 5.0
Authors: Mardiyyah Nadwah Hidayatul
Published: October 2023

In this study, it discusses the Leadership Role of the Principal in the 5.0 Era. This study uses a qualitative research method which is an emphasis in the analysis on descriptive data in the form of words which are of course observed. researchers use formal research objects and materials. The formal object in this study is in the form of a data, while in the material object, it is in the form of a source in a data. According to these results, it can be concluded that a leader in an educational institution must be able to follow all aspects of digital development, so that there are no stages left behind in any aspect. A leader in an educational institution is a factor in the success or failure of an educational institution. So that this can be used as a means to increase progress by using increasingly rapid technology.
ҚАЗІРГІ ЗАМАНҒЫ ҰЙЫМДАРДА ФИРМАІШІЛІК БІЛІМДІ ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУ ЖӘНЕ ДАМЫТУ
Authors: ГЕЛЬМАНОВА З. , МАЖИТОВА С. , ГАБИТОВ И.
Published: October 2023

Данная статья рассматривает вопросы формирования, развития знаний в организациях в современных рыночных условиях Казахстана для построения и преобразования новых типов корпоративной культуры и инфраструктуры, соответствующих основным принципам управления знаниями. Управление знаниями — важный процесс, являющийся частью организации и способствующий эффективному и рациональному использованию ресурсов, связанных с их персоналом, в том числе решая возникающие в процессе деятельности проблемы удовлетворения потребностей, повышая эффективность деятельности организации и способствуя сохранению ее конкурентоспособности.

Бұл мақала білімді басқарудың негізгі қағидаттарына сәйкес келетін корпоративтік мәдениет пен инфрақұрылымның жаңа түрлерін құру және қайта құру үшін Қазақстанның қазіргі нарықтық жағдайындағы ұйымдарда білімді қалыптастыру, дамыту мәселелерін қарастырады. Білімді басқару-бұл ұйымның бөлігі болып табылатын және олардың персоналына байланысты ресурстарды тиімді және ұтымды пайдалануға, оның ішінде қызмет процесінде туындайтын қажеттіліктерді шешуге, ұйымның тиімділігін арттыруға және оның бәсекеге қабілеттілігін сақтауға ықпал ететін маңызды процесс.

This article examines the issues of formation and development of knowledge in organizations in the modern market conditions of Kazakhstan for the construction and transformation of new types of corporate culture and infrastructure corresponding to the basic principles of knowledge management. Knowledge management is an important process that is part of the organization and contributes to the efficient and rational use of resources associated with their personnel, including solving the needs arising in the course of activity, improving the efficiency of the organization and contributing to the preservation of its competitiveness.
ҚЫЛМЫСТАРДЫ САРАЛАУ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ, КӘМЕЛЕТКЕ ТОЛМАҒАНДАР ЖАСАЙТЫН
Authors: СЕЙТХОЖИН Б. , САРСЕМБАЕВ Б.
Published: October 2023

В настоящей статье рассматриваются вопросы совершения преступлений несовершеннолетними, причины их совершения и методы профилактики, в современных условиях. Одной из актуальных и социально значимых задач, стоящих перед нашим обществом, безусловно, является поиск путей снижения роста преступлений среди несовершеннолетних и повышенная эффективность их предупреждения.

Осы бапта кәмелетке толмағандардың қылмыс жасау мәселелері, олардың жасалу себептері және қазіргі жағдайда алдын алу әдістері қарастырылады. Біздің қоғам алдында тұрған өзекті және әлеуметтік маңызды міндеттердің бірі, әрине, кәмелетке толмағандар арасындағы қылмыстың өсуін төмендету және олардың алдын алудың тиімділігін арттыру жолдарын іздеу болып табылады.

This article discusses the issues of committing crimes by minors, the reasons for their commission and methods of prevention in modern conditions. One of the urgent and socially significant tasks facing our society, of course, is to find ways to reduce the growth of crimes among minors and increase the effectiveness of their prevention.
ИСТОРИЯ УГОЛОВНОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ЗА МОШЕННИЧЕСТВО В ГЛОБАЛЬНОЙ СЕТИ ИНТЕРНЕТ
Authors: ҚAРЖACOВA Г. , АБИЕВ Е. , КACEНOВ E.
Published: October 2023

Аталған мақалада ғаламдық интернет желісіндегі алаяқтық үшін қылмыстық жауаптылық тарихы туралы мәселелер қарастырылады. Авторлар алаяқтық үшін қылмыстық жауаптылық негіздерін Қазақстанның қолданыстағы заңдарымен реттеу тәртібіне талдау жасайды, сондай-ақ әртүрлi ғалымдардың көзқарастарын зeрттейді, құқықтық рeттeу проблeмалары анықтап, оларды шeшу жолдарын көрсетеді. Жалпы алаяқтық бөтеннің мүлкін жымқыру, алдау немесе сенімді теріс пайдалану жолымен бөтен мүлiкке құқықты иемдену болып табылады.

В статье рассматривается история уголовной ответственности за мошенничество в глобальной сети интернет. Авторы проанализировали основы уголовной ответственности за мошенничество в соответствии с действующим законодательством Казахстана, а также изучили взгляды различных ученых, выявили проблемы правового регулирования и наметили пути их решения. Мошенничество-приобретение прав на чужое имущество путем хищения, обмана или злоупотребления доверием чужого имущества.

The article examines the history of criminal liability for fraud on the global Internet. The authors analyzed the basics of criminal liability for fraud in accordance with the current legislation of Kazakhstan, and also studied the views of various scientists, identified problems of legal regulation and outlined ways to solve them. Fraud is the acquisition of rights to someone else's property by theft, deception or abuse of trust of someone else's property.
КОРМОВАЯ ЕМКОСТЬ ПАСТБИЩ И ОПТИМАЛЬНАЯ НАГРУЗКА ЖИВОТНЫХ НА ЕДИНИЦУ ПАСТБИЩ ПО СЕЗОНАМ ГОДА ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ СИСТЕМЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПЕСЧАНОЙ ПУСТЫНИ КЫЗЫЛКУМ И ПРЕДГОРНЫХ ЭФЕМЕРОВЫХ ПАСТБИЩ ЮГА КАЗАХСТАНА FOOD CAPACITY OF PASTURES AND OPTIMUM LOAD OF ANIMALS
Authors: Karynbaev Amanbai , Кузембайулы Ж
Published: October 2023

Исследование направлено на определение кормоемкости пастбищ и оптимальной нагрузки животных на единицу пастбищ для  разработки новых технологий восстановления и рационального использования пастбищ юга Казахстана.

В соответствии с планом работ по реализации определены емкость пастбищ и оптимальная нагрузка животных на единицу пастбищ в весенне-летний сезоны года при различной системе использования песчаной пустыни Кызылкум и предгорных эфемеровых пастбищ юга Казахстана

Результаты проведенных исследований по определению вышеуказаных показателей показывают, что по всем вышеуказанным показателям системное (условно участковое) использование пастбищ имеет значительное превосходство по сравнению с бессистемным выпасом во все сезоны года без смены пастбищ, который повсеместно используется почти во всех хозяйствующих субъектах и является основным фактором деградации пустынных пастбищ.

Высокие показатели поедаемого животными кормозапаса и емкости пастбищ были в травостое эфемеровых пастбищ предгорной пустыни в весенний сезон, которые составили при системном использовании 6,10 ц/га сухой кормовой массы и 305 голово-дней, а при бессистемном выпасе – 5,70 ц/га и 285 голово-дней овец. В дальнейшем к летне –осеннему сезону поедаемый кормозапас, соответственно и емкость указаных пастбищ резко снижается и составляет в летний сезон 4,25 ц/га и  212,5 голово-дней.

Определена оптимальная нагрузка или норма пастбищ на одно животное по сезонам года. При системном (условно участковом) использовании кустарниково- эфемеровых пастбищ песчаной пустыни Кызылкум в среднеурожайные годы в весенне-летние сезоны года на одну голову овец требуется в среднем 0,50-0,60 га. При системном использовании эфемеровых пастбищ в весенний сезон норма пастбищ на одну голову овец бывает очень низкой и составляет 0,22 га за весь весенний сезон продолжительностью в 67 календарных дней. В указанный сезон потребность овец в пастбищах была низкой (0,23 га/гол) даже при бессистемном их использовании.
Öğretmenlik Eğilimi Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: GENÇ Murat , ÇOLAKOĞLU Özgür Murat , AKINCI Mustafa
Published: October 2023

Bu araştırmada, West ve diğerleri (2020) tarafından geliştirilen Öğretmenlik Eğilimi Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması amaçlanmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda özdisiplin faktörünün dışarıda tutulduğu dört faktörlü yapının uyum indeks değerlerinin alanyazındaki ölçütlere göre kabul edilebilir değer sınırları içinde olduğu ve ölçme aracının Türk kültüründe yer alan 318 öğretmen adayı tarafından desteklendiği anlaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre uyarlanan Likert tipi ölçme aracı, öğretmen yeterliliği, iletişim ve uyum becerileri, öğretme motivasyonu ve öğrenmeye istekli olmak boyutlarını içermektedir. Uyarlanan ölçeğin alt boyutlarına ilişkin Cronbach Alfa (α) değerlerinin .73 ile .89 arasında değiştiği ve tüm faktörlerin yeterli bir güvenilirlik düzeyi sağladığı görülmüştür. Sonuçta, Öğretmenlik Eğilimi Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlamasının öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik eğilimlerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Uyarlanan ölçek sayesinde öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik eğilimleri hakkında farkındalık geliştirmeleri ve öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik güçlü ve zayıf eğilimleri belirlenerek olumlu öğretmenlik eğilimlerinin gelişimi sağlanabilir.
Whipping for adultery in the perspective of human rights in Lhokseumawe
Authors: Hamdani Hamdani , Nasir Muhammad , Saputra Ferdy , Sari Putri Riana
Published: October 2023

This study aims to evaluate the human rights implications of the whipping punishment for adultery cases in Lhokseumawe City, Indonesia. The research methods used in this research are empirical. Data was collected through a combination of fieldwork and libraries. The data were analyzed in a qualitative manner. The result of the study shows that the administration of the whipping punishment for adultery offenders does not violate human rights because it has been founded on Islamic law, specifically the Qur'an and Hadith in Aceh, and has taken into account the safety of whipping convicts. The whipping is considered a violation of human rights if used on innocent individuals. Whipping punishment is carried out in Aceh against convicts after obtaining approval from the Syari'ah Court, and the whipping punishment is conducted based on a court decision ordered with permanent legal effect. It is recommended that the Lhokseumawe Municipality Institution and the authorities strengthen and strictly enforce whipping restrictions so that whipping is produced in accordance with the principles of Islamic Shari'ah. Residents of Lhokseumawe should be more supportive and comply with the established regulations.
Development of video learning based on blender software in high school
Authors: Arfa Trirahma Novalia Putri , Jannah Misbahul , Arusman Arusman
Published: October 2023

Students consider the material of electric current and voltage is physics material that is difficult to understand and complicated. The difficulty lies in the learning media which only uses printed books in the process of teaching and learning activities so that it makes students difficult to understand the material of abstract electric currents and voltages. So that learning video media is needed as a learning medium besides printed books that can help students understand the material of alternating electric currents and voltages. This study aims to determine the design of learning videos based on blender software and the feasibility of learning videos based on blender software. This study uses the R&D method with the Alessi and Trollip development model with three stages including Planning Stage, Design Stage, and Development Stage. The resulting product is a learning video based on blender software on alternating electric current and voltage material and the feasibility assessment of the product is categorized into very feasible criteria in terms of the validation results of media experts with a percentage of 90.35% and the results of validation by material experts with a percentage of 93.98%, so that it is declared very feasible to be used as a learning medium.
Protection of personal data of victims of child sexual abuse in court decision
Authors: Mansyur Mansyur , Arafat Yasser
Published: October 2023

This article was prepared with the intention of outlining legal protection for victims who are not anonymized in decisions on cases of child sexual intercourse and legal remedies that can be taken. The research method used is normative legal research with research data in the form of legal materials consisting of primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations and all official documents containing legal provisions relating to research topics and secondary materials consisting of text books written by influential jurists, law journals, legal cases related to the research topic. The law material analysis technique used is logical deduction. The research approach used is a statutory, conceptual and case approach. The author concludes that the law provides protection to the aggrieved party due to negligence in obscuring the child's identity in court decisions published on the website of the Supreme Court decision directory in the form of threats of disciplinary sanctions and/or criminal sanctions. Sanctions are a form of preventive legal protection that makes people introspective so that they do not violate the law so that no party is harmed. The aggrieved party can submit an application to the Supreme Court through the District Court in order to obscure the identity of the party in the decision that has already been published. If the request is not followed up, then the aggrieved party can report to the Ombudsman.
The effect of using paired verbal fluency on students speaking activities
Authors: Nur Mala Hayati
Published: October 2023

This research purpose to know whether speaking using paired verbal fluency strategies can improve Students activities and to find out how the application of using paired verbal fluency strategy in learning process. This research was conducted through pre-experimental research. The object of this research Were students SMA N 1 Idi which is located on Medan-Banda Aceh street, Tanoh Anou village, Idi Rayeuk, Aceh Timur. The research conducted at August 2022. It was conducted in one class. The research took X MIA 2 Class which consisted of 30 students. To collect quantitative data, the researcher conducted tests before and after treatment. The researcher used (t) test. To analyze the quantitative data, the research used the mean scores of the test. The findings of this research showed that the mean score in pre-test in grammar was (10) and post-test was (15). The mean score in pre-test vocabulary was (11.1) and post-test was (18.5). the mean score in pre-test comprehension (11.5) and post-test was (19). The mean score in fluency (11.5) and post-test was (18). The mean score in pronunciation was (11.3) and post-test was (18). And the total result pre-test  was (11.1) and post-test  (17.1). So, this is showed students got improvement in their speaking after using paired verbal fluency strategy.
Impact of a Finnish reform adding new sickness absence checkpoints on rehabilitation and labor market outcomes: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Laaksonen Mikko , Blomgren Jenni , Rinne Hanna , Perhoniemi Riku
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES: In 2012, new checkpoints were introduced in the Finnish sickness absence system to improve early detection of long-term work disability and hasten return to work after illness. We examined whether the reform affected participation in rehabilitation and labor market outcomes over a one-year period.

METHODS: We used interrupted time series analysis among persons who started receiving sickness allowance up to three years before and up to two years after the reform. Separate analyses were conducted among those who passed 30, 60, and 90 sickness allowance days. Poisson regression analysis was used, controlling for seasonal variation, gender, age, and educational level.

RESULTS: After the reform, participation in rehabilitation within one year of passing 30 sickness allowance days increased by 5.1% [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.051, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.015–1.086]. The increase after 60 and 90 sickness allowance days was slightly larger. Looking at the type of rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation from the earnings-related pension scheme increased most. Regarding the rehabilitation provided by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela), vocational rehabilitation, medical rehabilitation, and discretionary rehabilitation increased, but the increase was statistically significant only in the last case. Post-reform changes in employment, unemployment, sickness absence and disability retirement were negligible.

CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of new sickness absence checkpoints was associated with an increase in participation in rehabilitation but did not affect labor market outcomes one year later. The reform thus was only partially successful in achieving its objectives. Future research should focus on identifying the most effective approaches for utilizing rehabilitation to enhance labor market participation after sickness absence.
A literature review to determine the availability of materials for application in 3D printing processes within the Brazilian construction industry
Authors: Bruno Moraes Guimarães  , Neander Furtado Silva  , Eleudo Esteves de Araújo Silva Júnior  , Augusto Cesar Oliveira Dias
Published: October 2023

In the present day, the civil construction industry grapples with various challenges, including low productivity, a shortage of skilled labour, resistance to technological innovations, and significant environmental impacts. Extensive literature underscores the urgency of modernizing the sector by embracing new technologies such as digital prototyping and advanced manufacturing processes. In light of these considerations, this article aims to assess the range of materials available for 3D printing to determine the feasibility of integrating this technology into the Brazilian civil construction industry (BCI). Through a comprehensive analysis of materials currently in use, drawn from scientific research, it becomes evident that mortar-based materials are emerging as a preferred choice for 3D printing components within civil construction. Considering that the Brazilian construction sector already heavily relies on cement as its primary material for constructing the built environment, a promising landscape unfolds for the gradual adoption and integration of three-dimensional printing technology into the industry. This alignment with existing practices and materials positions the BCI favourably for embracing the potential of 3D printing.
Geleneksel Konut Yapılarının Kentsel ve Mimari Ölçekte İncelenmesi: Kadırga Semti ve Oxford Kenti Örneği
Authors: ÜRÜK Zerrin Funda , AKBOLAT Seda Nur
Published: October 2023

Mekânı yaşanabilir yer yapan en önemli unsur kullanıcısıdır ve kullanıcısını mekâna bağlayan en önemli faktör aidiyet hissiyatıdır. İnsanoğlu tarih boyunca geçen süre zarfında, günümüzde ve gelecekte de her daim aidiyet hissiyatına varoluşsal olarak ihtiyaç duymuştur. İnsanoğlunun kronolojik tarihi sürecinde ihtiyaç duyduğu bu hissiyatı mimari bir bakış açısından bakacak olursak farklı diller ve kültürlerin kendi iç dinamiklerindeki dönüşüm ve gelişim süreçlerinde bu olgunun çok daha baskın olarak ortaya çıktığını gözlemleriz. Bir bölgenin sosyolojik yapısını orada yaşayan toplumların belirlediği gibi o bölgenin sosyolojik ve kültürel unsurlarının toplumların mekânlaşma ve barınma güdüsünün gelişmesinde önemli bir rol oynadığını söyleyebiliriz. Toplumlar ihtiyaçlarını gelenekleriyle, yaşam biçimleriyle, dini inançlarıyla ve ekonomik seviyeleriyle birlikte değerlendirip bir yapı oluşturmaktadır. Bu etkiler özellikle geleneksel konut mimarisi ile oluşmuş yapılarda dikkat çeken unsurlardır. Yapı ve çevresinin tarih boyunca gelişen kültürel etkenlere göre gelişim göstermesi ve ekonominin yapı üzerindeki yeri gibi sosyolojik özellikler yerel mimarinin gelişmesinde önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın temeli de farklı kültür koşullarına sahip olan Türkiye İstanbul ilinde bulunan Fatih, Kadırga Bölgesi ve İngiltere'de bulunan Oxford şehrinin geleneksel konutlaşmasının mekânsal kavramda değişikliği incelenmiştir.
Haldun Taner Tiyatrosunda Hitap İfadeleri
Authors: KARAHANCI İbrahim
Published: October 2023

Hitap / seslenme ifadeleri, dil evreninin sunduğu seçenekler içerisinde, verici ile alıcı arasında doğrudan bağın kurulabildiği, ilişkinin oluşturulabildiği dil birimlerindendir. Pek çok sosyal bilim dalında farklı bakış açılarıyla incelenen hitap ifadeleri hakkında değerlendirme yapabilmek için, her şeyden önce dilbilimsel ölçütlerle, bağlama duyarlı, anlam esaslı bir sınıflandırma geliştirme gereksinimi vardır. Böyle bir sınıflandırmanın geliştirilmesi için hitap ifadeleri açısından zengin söz dağarcığı sunan bir derlem gereklidir. Tiyatro metinleri, konuşmalarla biçimlenen ve doğası gereği alıcı ile vericiyi zorunlu kılan hitap ifadelerinin izlenebildiği en yetkin metin türlerinden biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Haldun Taner’in basılmış 12 (on iki) tiyatro eserinin derlem olarak kullanıldığı eldeki çalışmada tespit edilen hitap ifadeleri anlamsal özellikleri açısından 8 (sekiz) başlık altında incelenmiştir. Her bir başlıkta kısaca ilgili anlam alanı açıklanmaya çalışılmış, daha sonra söz konusu gruba giren hitap ifadeleri sıralanmıştır. Birtakım nitelikler bakımından belirginleşen hitap ifadeleri örneklerle ortaya konmuş ve tartışılmıştır. Metinlerde geçen hitap ifadeleri hakkında değerlendirme yapılarak öne sürülen sınıflandırmanın yeni araştırmalar için kullanılabilme esnekliğine sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca alan yazınında eksikliği hissedilen tiyatro metinlerinin dil incelemelerinde derlem olarak kullanımının önemi bu çalışma örneklemi aracılığıyla vurgulanmıştır.
A Cultural Materialist Reading of Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys
Authors: BEKLER Ecevit
Published: October 2023

Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys, published in 1966, gives a voice to the silenced woman Antoinette, who was a victim of both patriarchal and colonial society. The novel, written to serve as a prequel to Jane Eyre, aims to destroy the Eurocentric perceptions constructed by the British writer Charlotte Brontë in her novel titled Jane Eyre against Antoinette, known as Bertha Mason. Brontë, in her novel written more than a century earlier, had given little place to Antoinette and depicted her only as a mad woman. Antoinette, in search of a female identity, struggles to find her identity after the emancipation of Jamaica. Aiming at freeing a woman of mixed race, who is stuck within two ethnicities and cultures, Rhys becomes an intermediary in giving a voice to the madwoman who was imprisoned in the attic by her British husband Mr Rochester in England. In her attempt to get rid of the oppressions she has experienced by the two cultures and to reach the freedom she desires, Antoinette finally commits suicide by jumping off. In this study, cultural materialism has been used in order to reflect the social, economic, and political conditions along the power relations of the period.
Covid-19 Pandemisi Bağlamında Refah Devletini Yeniden Düşünmek
Authors: KANDEĞER Barış , TELSAÇ Cüneyt
Published: October 2023

Tarihsel olarak birçok afetler ve felaketler yaşayan insanlık tarihi, 2019 yılında Wuhan’dan dünyaya yayılan Covid-19 olarak tanımlanan bir pandemi ile birlikte yaşamın rutininde yeniden ciddi problemler yaşamaya başlamıştır. Bu problemin temelini teşkil eden pandemi küresel bir sağlık krizine neden olurken, bu kriz küresel düzenin egemen düşüncesi ve hâkim paradigması olan neoliberal politikaların ve onun taşıyıcı araçlarının pandemiye karşı cevap üretmekten oldukça uzak olduğunu bir kez daha ortaya çıkarmıştır. Covid-19 pandemisi, başta sağlık hizmetleri olmak üzere en temel kamusal hizmetlerin piyasalaştırılmasının devletleri ve toplumları ciddi anlamda etkileyen sonuçlar üretmesi, refah devleti anlayışına duyulan ihtiyacı yeniden gündeme taşımıştır. Bu çalışma; 1980’lerle birlikte neoliberal düşüncenin ve politikaların dominant hale geldiği, minimal devlet yaklaşımı üzerinden piyasayı egemen kıldığı bir küresel sistem içinde ortaya çıkan Covid-19 pandemisinin, toplumsal yaşam alanlarında yarattığı tahribat üzerinden refah devleti anlayışının yeniden bir ihtiyaç haline gelmesi gerektiği savı üzerine bir analiz denemesi yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda; neoliberal yaklaşımın kamusal hizmet ve kamu yararı gibi değerler üzerinden biçimlenen kamucu politikalar yerine serbest piyasa ve bireysel çıkarı önceleyen düşünce ve politikaları etkin kılarak “eşitsizlikler” yaratmasının toplumlar üzerinde ciddi olumsuz etkiler oluşturduğu üzerine bir yaklaşım benimsenmektedir.
Karadeniz’deki Güvenliğin Sağlanmasında Türk Boğazlarının Rolünün Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÜREN Mustafa
Published: October 2023

Asya ve Avrupa’yı birbirine bağlayan Karadeniz, geçmişte uzun yıllar Batı’nın ilgi alanının dışında kalmış ve genel olarak Türk-Rus rekabetinin yaşandığı alanlardan biri olmuştur. Rekabetin 19. yüzyılın başından itibaren Rusya’nın lehine gelişmesiyle Batı’nın ilgisi, Türk Boğazları üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Yoğunlaşmanın gerekçesi, Rusya’nın büyük güç olma iddialarını gerçekleştirme potansiyelinin giderek artmasıdır. Bu gelişmeyi endişeyle karşılayan Batı, Rusya’yı bulunduğu coğrafyada tutma stratejisini devreye sokmuştur. Rusya’nın sıcak denizlere ya da Akdeniz’e ulaşmasını engellemeyi hedefleyen bu stratejinin, Türk Boğazları sayesinde başarıyla uygulandığı söylenebilir. Belirtilen tarihten itibaren Türk Boğazları konusunda Batı ve Rusya arasında başlayan rekabet, taraflar arasında denge sağlayan Montrö Sözleşmesi ile sona ermiştir. Sözleşme’nin uygulanmaya başlamasıyla Türk Boğazları, Karadeniz’in güvenliğin sağlanmasında önemli bir mekanizma haline gelmiştir. Ancak Soğuk Savaş’tan sonra başlayan NATO’nun doğuya doğru genişlemesinin Karadeniz’i de içine alacak şekilde gelişme göstermesi, Batı ve Rusya arasındaki rekabetin bölgeye de sıçrama olasılığını gündeme getirmiştir. Bu tip bir gelişme haklı olarak, Türk Boğazlarının Karadeniz’in güvenliğinin sağlanmasındaki rolünün sorgulanmasına neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, son dönemde gelişmeleri çerçevesinde Karadeniz’in istikrarına yönelik ortaya çıkan tehditlerin belirlenmesi ve bunların bölgeyi bir çatışma alanı haline getirmesi olasılığına karşı Türk Boğazlarının işlevinin test edilmesidir. Yapılan inceleme neticesinde, Türk Boğazlarının statüsünü belirleyen Montrö Sözleşmesi’nin Karadeniz’in güvenliğinin sağlanmasında hayati olduğu ve dengeleyici özelliğinin yok edilmesi halinde, bölgenin çatışmaların eksik olmadığı coğrafi bir alan haline gelebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.