bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation to investigate electron heating mechanism in intermediate-pressure RF hollow cathode discharges
Authors: Park Heesung , Lee Hae June
Published: February 2025

While electron heating in a low-pressure DC hollow discharge occurs by the electron pendulum effect in the hole, the heating mechanism of RF hollow discharges at high collisionality is not fully elucidated yet. Phase-resolved analysis with a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation enables the investigation of how the electron heating and density distribution changes by the electrode shape, bias voltage, secondary electron emission (SEE), and gas pressure in the RF hollow cathode discharge. Multiple density peak occurs depending on the energy relaxation mean free path of electrons, and anomalous electron heating occurs between the density peaks. Spatio-temporal analysis of electron heating at various locations is provided for DC bias and SEE variations.
Boosting critical current density in Bi-2212/Ag round wires by precise tuning 14:24AEC phase
Authors: Jin L H , Li C S , Liu G Q , Xu X Y , Jiao G F , Zhi L , Hao Q B , Feng J Q , Li J F , Zhang S N , Zhang P X
Published: February 2025

Bi2Sr2CaCu2O
x
(Bi-2212)/Ag round wires prepared by the powder-in-tube method is a promising high-temperature superconductor for ultra-high field applications. The current capacity of Bi-2212/Ag wires is negatively affected by the impurity phase of Bi2Sr2CuO
x
(Bi-2201). In this work, a novel precursor powder fabrication technique was developed to eliminate the presence of large residual Bi-2201 grains and to enhance the critical current density (J
c) of Bi-2212/Ag wires. Bi-2212 incorporating (Sr, Ca)14Cu24O
y
(14:24AEC) precursor powders was prepared using a combination of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and calcination processes. The influence of the 14:24AEC phase on the phase, microstructure, melting behavior and superconducting properties of Bi-2212/Ag wires was systematically investigated. During the overpressure heat treatment, the addition of 14:24AEC into the wire promoted melting, effectively reducing the formation of large Bi-2201 grains. Moreover, the formation of narrow Bi-2201/Bi-2212 intergrowth and stacking faults were introduced into the Bi-2212 matrix. The Bi-2212/Ag wire with added 2 wt% 14:24AEC exhibited a maximum J
c of 4670 A mm−2 at 4.2 K and 12 T. Therefore, precise tuning of the alkaline earth cuprate composition in precursor powders could be a valid approach for improving the current capacity of Bi-2212/Ag multi-filamentary wires.
Few quantum walkers for the generation of vortex creep on bosonic flux ladders
Authors: Huang Weijie , Yao Yao
Published: February 2025

We investigate the quantum–classical correspondence of vortex creep within the framework of quantum ladder lattice with artificial gauge. By introducing operators to characterize microscopic vortices in the bosonic flux ladder, we focus on quantum walks initiated from states with one, two and four particles localized at the central sites of the ladder. In the single-particle systems, we observe an asymmetric spreading of vortices stemming from the specific construction of the initial states and the gauge choice. In the two- and four-particle systems, comparisons across different conditions reveal that the individual application of flux and interactions slows down particle propagation due to pairing and vortex formation. Notably, when both flux and interaction are present concurrently, our results demonstrate that the mean square displacement (MSD) of the vortices grows significantly slower than the typical

MSD

∼

t
2

for quantum walk, instead approaching the characteristic behavior of classical walk

MSD

∼
t

. This indicates that the observed spreading process is consistent with the classical walk of vortices formed by circulating particles, i.e. vortex creep in superconductors.
Modelling spectra of hot alkali vapour in the saturation regime
Authors: Häupl Daniel R , Higgins Clare R , Pizzey Danielle , Briscoe Jack D , Wrathmall Steven A , Hughes Ifan G , Löw Robert , Joly Nicolas Y
Published: February 2025

Laser spectroscopy of hot atomic vapours has been studied extensively. Theoretical models that predict the absolute value of the electric susceptibility are crucial for optimising the design of photonic devices that use hot vapours, and for extracting parameters, such as external fields, when these devices are used as sensors. To date, most of the models developed have been restricted to the weak-probe regime. However, fulfilling the weak-probe power constraint may not always be easy, desired or necessary. Here we present a model for simulating the spectra of alkali-metal vapours for a variety of experimental parameters, most distinctly at intensities beyond weak laser fields. The model incorporates optical pumping effects and transit-time broadening. We test the performance of the model by performing spectroscopy of 87Rb in a magnetic field of 0.6 T, where isolated atomic resonances can be addressed. We find very good agreement between the model and data for three different beam diameters and a variation of intensity of over five orders of magnitude. The non-overlapping absorption lines allow us to differentiate the saturation behaviour of open and closed transitions. While our model was only experimentally verified for the D2 line of rubidium, the software is also capable of simulating spectra of rubidium, sodium, potassium and caesium over both D lines.
Efficient decomposition of gaseous formaldehyde by surface dielectric barrier discharge with different dielectric materials
Authors: Zhang Jingshuo , Zhao Xinyi , Ge Ruirui , Shu Jiangling , Ni Tianji , Li Zhuo , Qi Miao , Zhang Yuna , Zhang Jin , Wang Danyang , Xie Na , Xu Dehui
Published: February 2025

In recent years, research on atmospheric-pressure low-temperature plasma technology has made significant progress and demonstrated great potential in the field of environmental remediation. Numerous studies have shown that low-temperature plasma technology has significant advantages for eliminating volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the direct treatment of formaldehyde gas must be improved. Therefore, this study investigated the degradation of formaldehyde in the gas phase, using air as the working gas, following the principles of economic and environmental protection. Furthermore, the degradation effect of surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) plasma on formaldehyde in the gas phase was investigated. This study examined the characteristics of a surface air plasma under sinusoidal power supply excitation. The effects of the dielectric plate material, discharge area, and voltage on the discharge characteristics were also discussed. The results showed that the discharge voltage and temperature increase of the alumina ceramic dielectric board were the lowest at the same power, and the concentration of excited-state reactive species generated was relatively high. For the detection of neutral gas components under different voltages, it was found that the discharge gradually transformed from ozone mode to nitrogen oxide mode with increasing voltage. In the experiment on formaldehyde degradation in the gas phase, it was found that the degradation rate in the direct degradation mode was positively correlated with the discharge power and negatively correlated with the initial concentration and gas flow rate, with the highest degradation rate of 96.57%. In cyclic degradation mode, the treatment reached the national safety standard within 5 min.
Type-II band-alignment in vertical transition metal-di-chalcogenide heterostructures for near infrared and visible light detection
Authors: Kharadi Mubashir A , Agarwal Tarun Kumar , Mahariq Ibrahim , Saha Jhuma
Published: February 2025

In this work, group-6 and group-7 (ReSe2) transition metal-di-chalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures are studied systematically using density functional theory (DFT). Different combinations of ReSe2 and group-6 TMDs are explored to identify the heterostructures with ‘type-II band-alignment’. ReSe2 monolayer is chosen as group-7 TMD because of its dynamic stability. Materials like MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2 and WSe2 are chosen as group-6 TMDs. The heterostructures are evaluated in terms of metrics like; type of band-alignment, band-offsets, optical absorption and potential difference across the interface. ReSe2/MoS2, ReSe2/MoSe2 and ReSe2/WS2 heterostructures are identified as materials with ‘type-II band-alignment’ having bandgap values of 0.447 eV, 0.956 eV and 0.684 eV respectively. The identified ‘type-II heterostructures’ show a high absorption coefficient (∼40 × 104 cm−1) in visible-light region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Also, these ‘type-II heterostructures’ show a considerable potential drop across the interface (3.49 eV, for ReSe2/MoS2, heterostructure), which is important for efficient separation of photogenerated carriers into electrons and holes. This potential drop is crucial for limiting the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Furthermore, based on the performance metrics it is shown, among the studied heterostructures, ReSe2/MoS2, ReSe2/MoSe2 and ReSe2/WS2 heterostructures are suitable for light detecting applications in visible-light region of electromagnetic spectrum. Moreover, ReSe2/MoTe2 and ReSe2/WSe2 heterostructures show a ‘type-I band-alignment’.
Circular viewpoint of higher-order rogue wavestructures of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Ankiewicz Adrian
Published: February 2025

We analyze rogue wave patterns for various orders of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for large values of solution parameters. We use a combination of exact solutions, geometric constructions and polynomial approximations for analysis, and introduce a new way of viewing the formations of rogue waves, including the triangular ones, by showing that they all can be represented as occupying circular shells, some of which contain ’nuclei’.
Application of total quadratic indices of molecular pseudographs: a study on Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) to predict physicochemical properties using weighting schemes
Authors: P Ugasini Preetha , Suresh M
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the relevance of physicochemical properties of 34 NSAIDs to their chemical characteristics using total quadratic indices q

k
(x) modeled as pseudographs with atomic number and atomic radius weighting schemes, compared against traditional indices modeled using unweighted graphs. The objective was to assess the predictive capabilities of these indices in modeling drug properties. Multiple Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression revealed significant multicollinearity in the models. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to address this issue, leading to a reduction in multicollinearity, although it was accompanied by a slight decrease in model performance metrics such as R
2. Despite this, quadratic indices demonstrated competitive performance when compared to traditional indices. Notably, the quadratic indices showed higher relevance in predicting the physicochemical properties complexity (C), molecular weight (MW), refractivity (RV) and polarizability (P) compared to traditional indices. The model validated by parameters like coefficient of determination (R
2), p - value, standard error (S.E), F-statistic and Durbin-Watson (DW) statistics. These results underscore the potential of quadratic indices in enhancing predictive modeling of drug properties, offering improved insights compared to traditional topological indices.
Entanglement entropy and polarization in the extended long-range non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model
Authors: Zhang Xudong , Bao Jia , Guo Bin
Published: February 2025

Higher winding numbers in topological phases signify more intricate quantum structures, offering enhanced robustness to perturbations by capturing the multiple ways quantum states wrap around parameter space. In this paper, we extend the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model to incorporate fifth-nearest-neighbor hopping and gain/loss imaginary potentials, achieving higher winding numbers and uncovering a richer spectrum of topological phenomena. We show that both the fifth-nearest-neighbor hopping and imaginary potentials significantly influence entanglement entropy and polarization, with both quantities serving as effective indicators of topological phase transitions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these transitions can also be marked by changes in the bulk band gap and the presence of topologically protected edge states. Notably, we observe the emergence of localized isolated states within the bulk band structure under the influence of non-Hermitian effects, a process that is effectively described by entanglement entropy. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of non-Hermitian topological systems and offer potential insights for the design of novel quantum technologies.
Exploring The Effect of Sintering Parameters on Magnetic and Microwaves Absorption Capacities of Manganese-Titanium Substituted Strontium Hexaferrite
Authors: Darmawan Lucky , Manaf Azwar , Taryana Y. , Manawan Maykel , Bahfie Fathan , Haryono Ari
Published: February 2025

In this study, we report the results of co-substituting Mn2+ and Ti4+ ions for Fe3+ in Strontium hexaferrite lattice to obtain SrFe(12-x)Mnx/2Tix/2O19 or SHF(MTO)x and its effect on the microwave absorption capacity. Heat treatment for various periods led to grain growth in the SHF(MTO)x samples. Co-substituting Mn2+ and Ti4+ ions for Fe3+ in the main phase of SrFe12O19 with x = 1.0 reduced the coercivity of the sample x = 0.0 from 3.82 kOe to 1.68 kOe. This paper evaluates the combined effects of reduced coercivity and grain growth on microwave absorption capacity. The reflection loss (RL) value of SHF(MTO)x samples significantly increased with the reduction of coercivity. This increase ranged from -16.43 dB at 10.86 GHz (x = 0.0) to -42.60 dB at 10.28 GHz (x = 1.0), despite a decrease in bandwidth from 0.20 GHz to 0.16 GHz. The latter bandwidth increased to 0.65 GHz, due to the grain growth effect following annealing at 1250 °C for 12 hours, resulting in an average crystallite size of 651 nm,
Search Capability for Near-Earth Objects with the Wide Field Survey Telescope
Authors: Lu Jun-Qiang , Fan Lu-Lu , Cai Min-Xuan , Wang Shao-Han , Fu Bing-Xue , Kong Xu , Zhu Qing-Feng
Published: February 2025

Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST), with a powerful sky survey capability in the northern hemisphere, will play an important role in asteroid searching and monitoring. However, WFST is not a telescope dedicated to near-Earth asteroids (NEOs) searching. In order to improve the efficiency of finding NEOs on the premise of meeting the needs of other scientific research, we ran mock observations for WFST to study its search capability for NEOs. The NEO population model, the WFST detection model and site conditions are taken into account in our simulations. Based on the original scheduling scheme, we present two new schemes. Compared to the original scheme, the optimized scheme can improve the search capability of known and unknown NEOs by 100% and 50%. We also emphasized the importance of trailing loss and proposed an improved effective field of view model. In addition, it is predicted that adopting the clear-day ratio of 0.7 and the optimized scheme, during one year of regular survey, for NEOs with absolute magnitude from 17 to 25, WFST can provide tracklets for about 1800 NEOs if their orbits are known, and in the case of blind search, more than 600 NEOs can be found by WFST. The new schemes provide valuable reference and suggestions for the WFST’s regular survey strategy.
Energy dependence of fission product yields in 235U(n, f) within the Langevinapproach incorporated with the statistical model
Authors: Liu Li Le , Chen Yong Jing , Ge Zhigang , huang xiaolong , Shen Caiwan , shu nengchuan , li Zhuxia , Li Zhuxia
Published: February 2025

In this work, the Langevin approach incorporated with the statistical model is adopted to inves tigate the independent fission yields for a large quantity of fission products and the dependence ofthe prompt fission observables on the incident neutron energy in 235U(n, f). The neutron evapo ration from the fission process is taken into account by coupling the Weisskopf statistical model tothe Langevin dynamical simulation, where the potential energy surface of the respective fissioningnucleus from each fission chance is calculated by using the macroscopic-microscopic model withinthe two-center shell model. The partitions of the charge and total excitation energy between thetwo complementary fragments are evaluated so that the prompt neutron emissions from fission frag ments are described based on the characteristics of primary fragments. With the present model,the calculated independent fission yields of the isotopes from Z=30-61 in 14 MeV n+235U fissionare in good agreement with the evaluated data from ENDF/B-VIII.0. Moreover, the evolution ofthe independent mass yields and the cumulative yields for select isotopes with the incident neutronenergy, as well as the tendency of both the average TKE and prompt neutron multiplicity with theincrease of the incident neutron energy, are consistent with the experimental data. The presentmodel may shed light on reproducing prompt fission observables across a range of incident neutronenergies for major actinides.
Run-length distribution of self-assembling cargos in crowded environments
Authors: Mukherji Sutapa
Published: February 2025

Intracellular transport, carried out by motor proteins, is crucial for numerous biological functions of the cell. Cytoskeletal motor proteins such as kinesins and dyneins move on the biopolymer, microtubule, carrying different kinds of biomolecules as cargo to deliver these at required destinations. Such transport is often impeded by a crowded environment along the microtubule due to other motor proteins and various cellular organelles. Here, we study the motion of a self-assembling cargo that, during its translocation, can associate kinesins bound to the microtubules. This strategy is believed to help the cargo move efficiently along the microtubule crowded by free kinesins. Using the idea of first-passage time and the backward master equation approach, we determine the run-length distribution of such cargo under different crowding densities. We show that for high kinesin-association rates, the average run-length shows a peak with the crowding density while, for low kinesin-association rates, it decreases monotonically with the crowding density.
Unveiling nitrogen oxide emissions from open-pit copper mines through satellite observations
Authors: Ialongo Iolanda , Virta Henrik , Hakkarainen Janne , Özcan Cem , Ranta Mikko , Zieleniewski Simon
Published: February 2025

Copper is a critical mineral for clean energy and transportation, and it is necessary for a sustainable economy that aims at reducing fossil fuel usage. Assessing the performance and environmental impacts of copper mining is therefore necessary to evaluate the progress towards sustainable development. In this study, we estimate the nitrogen oxide (NO
x
) emissions (largely attributable to the diesel-powered mobile fleet) over 14 of the world’s largest open-pit copper mines. We derive the emissions by applying a data-driven approach to the satellite-based nitrogen dioxide (NO2) observations from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. We find that the annual NO
x
emissions over the different mines are coupled to the corresponding copper production, ore processed and total material moved. The time series analysis reveals that the annual amount of total material moved over the open pit of each mine best reproduces the year-to-year variability of the NO
x
emissions. Overall, satellite NO2 observations show good potential in tracking mining activities and for improving the assessment of the environmental impact of the mining industry.
Research on fault detection and health monitoring of high-power thyristor converter based on long short-term memory in nuclear fusion
Authors: Zhang Ling , Jiang Li , Gao Ge
Published: February 2025

This research focuses on solving the fault detection and health monitoring of high-power thyristor converter. In terms of the critical role of thyristor converter in nuclear fusion system, a method based on long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model is proposed to monitor the operational state of the converter and accurately detect faults as they occur. By sampling and processing a large number of thyristor converter operation data, the LSTM model is trained to identify and detect abnormal state, and the power supply health status is monitored. Compared with traditional methods, LSTM model shows higher accuracy and abnormal state detection ability.The experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the reliability and safety of the thyristor converter, and provide a strong guarantee for the stable operation of the nuclear fusion reactor.
Quantum-centric computation of molecular excited states with extended sample-based quantum diagonalization
Authors: Barison Stefano , Robledo Moreno Javier , Motta Mario
Published: February 2025

The simulation of molecular electronic structure is an important application of quantum devices. Recently, it has been shown that quantum devices can be effectively combined with classical supercomputing centers in the context of the sample-based quantum diagonalization (SQD) algorithm. This allowed the largest electronic structure quantum simulation to date (77 qubits) and opened near-term devices to practical use cases in chemistry toward the hundred-qubit mark. However, the description of many important physical and chemical properties of those systems, such as photo-absorption/-emission, requires a treatment that goes beyond the ground state alone. In this work, we extend the SQD algorithm to determine low-lying molecular excited states. The extended-SQD method improves over the original SQD method in accuracy, at the cost of an additional computational step. It also improves over quantum subspace expansion based on single and double electronic excitations, a widespread approach to excited states on pre-fault-tolerant quantum devices, in both accuracy and efficiency. We employ the extended SQD method to compute the first singlet (S
1) and triplet (T
1) excited states of the nitrogen molecule with a correlation-consistent basis set, and the ground- and excited-state properties of the [2Fe-2S] cluster.
In-line six-mode fiber filter based millimeter-wave generation in tunable and switchable dual wavelength fiber laser for 5G networks
Authors: Ahmad Harith , Lohano Leela Wanti , Nizamani Bilal , Samion Muhamad Zharif , Thambiratnam Kavintheran , Ismail Mohamad Faizal
Published: February 2025

This work introduces an innovative method for generating high-frequency signals using a dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser (DWEDFL) operating at the C-band. A key innovation in the proposed work is the integration of 1.8 m of six-mode fiber as a compact and novel in-line comb-like wavelength filter, which provides a free spectral range (FSR) of 0.41 nm, offering a unique approach to generate dual-wavelength signals. The DWEDFL operates at wavelengths of 1529.83 and 1530.24 nm, with an optical-signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of 56 dB, and provides a broad tunability range of 42 nm. Furthermore, by increasing the length of the six-mode fiber, the DWEDFL achieved a tunable FSR of 0.37 to 0.16 nm. The dual-wavelength laser at tunable FSR generates a tunable radio frequency (RF) signal by utilizing the phenomenon of heterodyne mixing. The novelty of this work lies in the combination of the unique six-mode fiber filter design and its ability to control the FSR, providing beat frequencies that align with the operating bands of 5G networks. The proposed approach demonstrates beat frequencies at 20.50, 26.91, 47.42, and 52.54 GHz, indicating the high-band region (24 to 52 GHz) of the 5G spectrum. To the authors’ knowledge, this method for generating high-frequency signals holds significant potential for driving advancements in 5G applications.
Countries across the world use more land for golf courses than wind or solar energy
Authors: Weinand Jann Michael , Pelser Tristan , Kleinebrahm Max , Stolten Detlef
Published: February 2025

Land use is a critical factor in the siting of renewable energy facilities and is often scrutinized due to perceived conflicts with other land demands. Meanwhile, substantial areas are devoted to activities such as golf, which are accessible to only a select few and have a significant land and environmental footprint. Our study shows that in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom, far more land is allocated to golf courses than to renewable energy facilities. Areas equivalent to those currently used for golf could support the installation of up to 842 GW of solar and 659 GW of wind capacity in the top ten countries with the most golf courses. In many of these countries, this potential exceeds both current installed capacity and medium-term projections. These findings underscore the untapped potential of rethinking land use priorities to accelerate the transition to renewable energy.
Can large animals direct the fate of the vast arctic soil carbon reserves – a review
Authors: Ylänne Henni , Stark Sari
Published: February 2025

Arctic areas store vast soil carbon reserves that are highly sensitive to be released into the atmosphere due to a warming climate. Large arctic herbivores may shape this sensitivity, but owing to high spatial and temporal variation in their ecosystem effects, the conditions under which herbivores might negate soil carbon losses have remained elusive. Here, we summarize the main pathways by which ungulates may counteract unwanted climatic feedbacks of the ongoing warming. Firstly, they may counteract the climate-induced shrubification; secondly, induce ecosystem state transitions from shrub and moss dominance to grass and forb dominance; and thirdly, contribute to colder winter soil temperatures. In non-permafrost soils, these pathways feed back on climate mostly via herbivory-induced increases in albedo and, potentially, decreased sensitivity to wildfire-induced soil carbon losses. In permafrost soils, herbivores may additionally enhance soil carbon storage as the colder winter soil temperatures, induced by vegetation change and trampling-associated compaction of snow, may prevent permafrost melting under warming. The role of current large animal populations in the first pathway (i.e., counteracted shrubification) is already documented in many parts of the Arctic. Yet, the second and third pathway (i.e., ecosystem state transitions and snow-mediated permafrost feedbacks have only limited occurrence today and would require drastic increases in the number and diversity of herbivores to change arctic climate feedbacks at a larger scale, imposing a high degree of uncertainty on the feasibility of such efforts. Given the alarming trends the arctic carbon stocks are facing, a better understanding of the contribution of large herbivores to the carbon cycle is more urgent than ever before, relevant if introducing animal populations into areas with large carbon reservoirs, and crucial when evaluating the net effect of current animal populations that already counteract shrubification and the warming-induced increase in albedo in many areas.
Implementation of reflection matrix microscopy: an algorithm perspective
Authors: Kang Sungsam , Yoon Seokchan , Choi Wonshik
Published: February 2025

Over the past decade, reflection matrix microscopy (RMM) and advanced image reconstruction algorithms have emerged to address the fundamental imaging depth limitations of optical microscopy in thick biological tissues and complex media. In this study, we introduce significant advancements in reflection matrix processing algorithms, including logical indexing, power iterations, and low-frequency blocking. These enhance the processing speed of aperture synthesis, 3D image reconstruction, and aberration correction by orders of magnitude. Detailed algorithm implementations, along with experimental data, are provided to facilitate the widespread adoption of RMM in various deep-tissue imaging applications.
Botox optimization algorithm for MPPT of SPV powered BLDC motor driven water pumping system using FOPID controllers
Authors: Malla Jagan Mohana Rao , Bassi Welson , Abu Salman Md , Mondal Krishnapada , Sharma Abhishek , Kandi Bhanu Prakash , Malla Siva Ganesh
Published: February 2025

In human civilization, Water Pumping Systems (WPS) are fundamental for industrial, drinking, and agricultural applications. One of the best practical solutions for reducing grid load demand and supplying electricity in various regions is a locally installed standalone Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) - powered WPS. Generally, WPS is drawn to Brushless DC Motors (BLDCMs) among other motors because of their many benefits. However, adding battery banks to WPS can raise the maintenance needs and cost, which farmers cannot afford. This study thus explores and applies a sensorless speed control method of a BLDCM powered by SPV energy, eliminating the need for a battery. Partial Shading Conditions (PSCs) typically impair the power generated by SPV systems, and the conventional P&O mechanism fails, preventing the systems from producing maximum availability of electricity. This work integrates the Botox Optimization Algorithm (BOA) with the traditional P&O technique to address this issue. The Hybrid Botox Optimization-P&O (BOPO) method can efficiently harvest the most power from SPV under both normal and partial shade circumstances. For MPPT under PSC, the outcomes are contrasted with those of Modified Grey Wolf Optimization (MGWO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Modified Invasive Weed Optimization (MIWO) algorithms. By integrating the BOPO technique with the inverter’s control method, the inverter also functions as a MPPT converter of the SPV unit, lowering system costs. Therefore, an additional DC-DC converter won’t be needed for the operation of MPPT. In order to validate the suggested system in both transient and steady state scenarios, extensive results are shown using OPAL-RT. Furthermore, this work presents hardware results based on dSPACE to validate the proposed method.
Multi-source information fusion based axial piston pump fault diagnosis method under dynamic conditions
Authors: Qiu Zhiwei , Li Wanli , Wang Daozhi
Published: February 2025

The axial piston pump is crucial power component and the most expensive component within hydraulic system. Investigating fault diagnosis method for axial piston pump holds significant engineering importance. Currently, fault diagnosis method for axial piston pump primarily rely on vibration signal, neglecting pressure signal that dynamically change with load. However, pressure signal contain rich operational state information, rendering these method ineffective in identifying faults under dynamic conditions. This paper proposes a multi-source information fusion based fault diagnosis method for axial piston pump to address the limitations of diagnosing faults solely using vibration signal under dynamically changing loads. Firstly, a pre-filtering layer based on mathematical morphology filtering algorithm is designed to filter noise from vibration and pressure signal. Subsequently, leveraging the characteristics of one-dimensional signal, two 1DCNNs are designed to extract fault features from pressure and vibration signal, integrating attention mechanism and fusion method to optimize and merge fault features. Finally, fault classification is achieved through fully connected layer and softmax layer. Compared to traditional fault diagnosis algorithms, the fusion-based fault diagnosis method utilizing vibration and pressure signal demonstrates higher accuracy and generalization. Experimental results illustrate that this method can effectively and accurately identify faults in axial piston pump under noise and various pressure conditions, providing valuable insights and enhancements to the field of axial piston pump fault diagnosis.
Classical Transformations
Authors: Kenaan Vered Lev , Rosenmeyer Patricia A
Published: February 2025

The introduction offers a historical and cultural analysis of the ways Jews, Israelis, and Palestinians have used classical antiquity and classical philology to validate their identity in a rapidly changing society. It surveys critical moments in Jewish and Palestinian existence for which the restitution and revision of classical humanism turn into a question of survival. The chapter is divided into three parts: a discussion of the diasporic receptions through the lens of the Jewish-European complex, a discussion of the Israeli and Palestinian receptions, and chapter summaries.
The Genesis of Rachel Bespaloff’s De l’Iliade
Authors: Porter James I
Published: February 2025

This chapter compares two essays written by the Jewish French philosophers, Simone Weil (1909–43) and Rachel Bespaloff (1895–1949), who were forced into exile by the fascists. Weil’s L’Iliade, ou la poème de la force and Bespaloff’s De l’Iliade both engaged the Judaeo-Christian traditions with early Greek traditions by drawing connections between Homer’s Iliad and the contemporary historical situation. Porter argues that Bespaloff’s thought around the question of Homer and Judaism with her reflections on Nietzsche’s concept of force had matured long before she encountered Weil’s work. He presents strong evidence that Bespaloff was developing a line of thought that she had already initiated in response to the historian Daniel Halévy.
Building a Future for Global Independent Documentary Storytelling to Survive and Thrive
Authors: Borum Caty , Conrad-Pérez David
Published: February 2025

Chapter 8, “Building a Future for Global Independent Documentary Storytelling to Survive and Thrive” presents final themes and a practical roadmap for the future of global documentary storytelling in struggles for social justice. Beyond the film stories and networks introduced in the preceding chapters, opportunities and constraints are inherent in this work. This chapter considers possibilities and challenges now and evolving into the future—informed by the stories and lessons reflected throughout the book, and meaningfully articulated by the many interviewees across the world—delineated as themes that include government surveillance afforded by digital technology, privacy and security concerns, funding and resource support for creative nonfiction storytellers and journalists and supportive civil society, grassroots engagement strategies, and more.
A cursory review of economic methods
Authors: Steinbach Armin
Published: February 2025

This chapter surveys a range of concepts and methods applied to the study of European law throughout the book. There is a plethora of methodological angles to look at EU law including those native to public goods analysis, transaction cost theory, contract and game theory, and constitutional economics. These analytical tools are key for exploring the institutional arrangements that EU members have given themselves. They help explain why Member States bind themselves through EU law and offer insights into the peculiar enforcement design and flexibility enshrined in EU rules.
Gesture as an object of study
Authors: Gawne Lauren
Published: February 2025

This chapter demonstrates how gesture communicates meaning using context-dependent and imagistic features that are distinct from both spoken and signed language systems. The integration of speech and gesture is seen in the alignment of gesture with phonological, semantic, and pragmatic features of language. This chapter provides an introduction to the features of the performance of a gesture, and how people use the gesture space. Finally, in order to understand how the modern approach to gesture studies emerged, this chapter provides a brief introduction to the history of the field, tracing the literature from ancient Greek writing on rhetoric, to nineteenth-century anthropology, and twentieth-century psychology and linguistics.
Metabolic connectivity has greater predictive utility for age and cognition than functional connectivity
Authors: Deery Hamish A , Liang Emma X , Moran Chris , Egan Gary F , Jamadar Sharna D
Published: February 2025

Recently developed high temporal resolution functional (18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (fPET) offers promise as a method for indexing the dynamic metabolic state of the brain in vivo by directly measuring a time series of metabolism at the post-synaptic neuron. This is distinct from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that reflects a combination of metabolic, haemodynamic and vascular components of neuronal activity. The value of using fPET to understand healthy brain ageing and cognition over fMRI is currently unclear. Here, we use simultaneous fPET/fMRI to compare metabolic and functional connectivity and test their predictive ability for ageing and cognition. Whole-brain fPET connectomes showed moderate topological similarities to fMRI connectomes in a cross-sectional comparison of 40 younger (mean age 27.9 years; range 20–42) and 46 older (mean 75.8; 60–89) adults. There were more age-related within- and between-network connectivity and graph metric differences in fPET than fMRI. fPET was also associated with performance in more cognitive domains than fMRI. These results suggest that ageing is associated with a reconfiguration of metabolic connectivity that differs from haemodynamic alterations. We conclude that metabolic connectivity has greater predictive utility for age and cognition than functional connectivity and that measuring glucodynamic changes has promise as a biomarker for age-related cognitive decline.
Managing long QT syndrome patients, cooking, and common sense
Authors: Schwartz Peter J , Dagradi Federica , Giovenzana Fulvio L F , Cerea Paolo
Published: February 2025

This essay stems from a controversial recommendation present in the 2022 European Guidelines which indicated the appropriateness of considering an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implant even for still asymptomatic long QT syndrome (LQTS) patients deemed to be at high risk by the 1–2–3 LQTS score based on QTc and genotype calculated prior to the institution of therapy. As 15 years ago, we also had proposed, but never used, a risk score called M-FACT to identify patients at high risk of an appropriate ICD shock, we felt the responsibility of assessing what would have happened to our patients if we had rigorously used that score. We performed a study recently published in the European Heart Journal which brought to general attention two concepts important for clinical management. One is that all LQTS patients should be seen at least once a year for a reassessment of arrhythmic risk based on standard electrocardiogram, 12-lead 24 h Holter recording and an exercise stress test. The other is that, based on these yearly visits, we perform ‘therapy optimization’ by adding to the standard β-blocker therapy either left cardiac sympathetic denervation or mexiletine or an ICD implant. On almost 1000 LQTS patients, all genotyped, this dynamic approach was accompanied by not a single death, few events, and out of 142 patients who should have received an ICD based on the score, only 22 did and only 3 had an ICD shock. These data and concepts call for a reconsideration of the recommendation made by the guidelines.
Left atrial appendage occlusion: behind the bleeding risk
Authors: Lorenzoni Giovanni , Merella Pierluigi , Casu Gavino
Published: February 2025

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in adults and is associated with an increased risk of embolic stroke. The main prevention strategy for cerebral embolic events is based on the use of oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT). Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has demonstrated non-inferiority to OAT in clinical trials for prevention of stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Patients with NVAF may still suffer ischemic strokes despite receiving adequate OAT.The physiopathological substrate remains unclear and only few theories can be proposed to explain the phenomenon and the approach to secondary prevention in these ‘resistant strokes’ remains largely empirical.Several therapeutic strategies have been proposed. Among these, LAAO should be taken into consideration. The procedure requires special planning in well selected patients, but can be performed successfully in most cases.
Risk stratification in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: scoring or personalized medicine?
Authors: Martini Marika , Rigato Ilaria , Masini Marta , De Lazzari Manuel , Mattesi Giulia , Pilichou Kalliopi , Pittorru Raimondo , Migliore Federico , Bauce Barbara
Published: February 2025

Almost 40 years after the description of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), arrhythmic risk stratification remains central to patient management. Antiarrhythmic therapy may involve the use of antiarrhythmic drugs as well as invasive tools such as catheter ablation, with the implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator being of utmost importance. Given the wide phenotypic variability of ACM, the first step in arrhythmic risk stratification requires a thorough assessment of clinical, morphological, and electrical parameters. Moreover, in the last years, genetic testing has become increasingly important, not only for family screening but also in determining prognosis. Finally, data from large series of ACM patients have led to the creation of risk calculators, which are now available online for the medical community. While newly available methods for stratifying arrhythmic risk can be useful, the thoughtful clinical decision-making by clinicians with specific expertise in cardiomyopathies remains of fundamental importance. Additionally, as ACM is a progressive disease, arrhythmic risk stratification should be periodically revised based on newly emerging clinical and instrumental parameters.
Acute myocarditis: 2024 state of the art
Authors: Ammirati Enrico , Cartella Iside , Varrenti Marisa , Selimi Adelina , Sormani Paola , Garascia Andrea , Palazzini Matteo
Published: February 2025

Acute myocarditis (AM) is an inflammatory injury of the myocardium secondary to infections, systemic autoimmune disorders, medications, or toxic agents. The patient’s genetic underground is a likely concurrent aetiology/contributory mechanism recently implicated in a proportion of AM. This review focuses on some critical new concepts of AM, updated indications for endomyocardial biopsy when cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is not sufficient or feasible, and estimation of long-term events after discharge. Furthermore, studies exploring AM as the cause of sudden cardiac death will be examined to assess the characteristics of patients who die due to AM before hospital admission. Managing the most severe clinical presentation, termed fulminant myocarditis (FM) characterized by haemodynamic instability due to ventricular arrhythmias or severe acute pump failure, will be summarized. Specific issues aimed to reduce the high mortality rate of FM, like early recognition, referring these patients from spoke centres to a hub centre, timely temporary mechanical circulatory support when indicated, early endomyocardial biopsy, and eventually immunosuppression, will be briefly discussed. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and desmosomal gene variant-associated AM will be highlighted as paradigmatic new forms of myocarditis.
Myocarditis diagnosis: From light microscope to molecular analysis and cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Thiene Gaetano
Published: February 2025

Telling story of myocarditis is characterized by discoveries and inventions. The invention of the microscope opened new avenues in medicine, with the observation of myocardial inflammation by Carl Ludwig Alfred Fiedler. Rudolph Virchow discovered that cells are the elementary units. Karl Albert Ludwig Aschoff first reported rheumatic pancarditis. Gilbert Dallford found enterovirus in the faeces of children, who died suddenly in the village of Coxsackie. Werner Forssmann entered in his own right ventricle with a urologic catheter via the left radial vein. Endomyocardial biopsy, via the femoral or jugular veins, made possible to take away myocardial samples in vivo, for diagnosis of myocarditis or cardiac rejection of transplanted heart. The invention of polymerase chain reaction by Kary Mullis allowed to achieve diagnosis of concealed infections and genetically determined cardiomyopathies. Myocarditis, a significant cause of sudden death, was found to be frequently ascribed to viruses. Cytotoxicity of Coxsackievirus B was proved to consist on released protease 2, encoded by virus genome and cleaving dystrophin. RNA (Coxsackie) and DNA (adenovirus) viruses share a common receptor. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed to be sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of myocarditis by detecting myocardial oedema. However, it is unable to establish the histotype. The onset of myocarditis may be fulminant; however, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, invented by Robert Bartlett, allows heart rest, while replacing cardiac contractility. High rates of survival have been achieved, probably because of mild myocardial damage.
The diagnostic value of electrocardiogram in the left variants of desmosomal arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Calò Leonardo , Toto Federica , Panattoni Germana , Romeo Fabiana , Fusco Armando , Stefanini Matteo , Silvetti Elisa , Martino Annamaria , Fedele Elisa , Danza Ludovica , Lanzillo Chiara , Canestrelli Stefano , Canali Emanuele , Ciampi Pellegrino , Politano Alessandro , Crescenzi Cinzia
Published: February 2025

Electrocardiogram (ECG) may play a crucial role in the diagnosis of left-sided variants of desmosomal arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies. This article discusses the most common ECG changes, such as T-wave inversion and low QRS voltages, and new ECG signs such as Q-waves, low voltages in specific leads, posterior fascicle block, and R/S ratio ≥ 0.5 in V1. In addition, ventricular arrhythmias have peculiar features in these patients. Electrocardiogram may be an early marker of this insidious cardiomyopathy and allow to avoid sudden cardiac death often in young people. Electrocardiogram abnormalities may also be indicators of disease evolution over time.
X-ray and gamma-ray timing of GRB 180720B, GRB 181222B, GRB 211211A, and GRB 220910A observed with Fermi and ASIM
Authors: Caballero-García M D , Göǧüş E , Navarro-González J , Atapin K E , Sonbas E , Uzuner M , Castro-Tirado A J , Pandey S B , Gupta Rahul , Ror A K , Hu Y -D , Wu S -Y , Sánchez-Ramirez R , Guziy S , Christiansen F , Connell P H , Neubert T , Østgaard N , Adsuara J E , Gordillo-Vázquez F J , Fernández-Garcia E , Pérez-Garcia I , Reglero V
Published: February 2025

We present a timing study of the gamma and X-ray observations and analysis of a sample of bright gamma-ray bursts (GRBs; i.e. GRB 180720B, GRB 181222B, GRB 211211A, and GRB 220910A), including the very bright and long GRB 211211A (a.k.a. kilonova candidate). They have been detected and observed by the Atmosphere–Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) installed on the International Space Station (ISS) and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) onboard the Fermi mission. The early (${\rm T}-{\rm T}_{0}{\approx }$ s) and high-energy (0.3–20 MeV) ASIM High Energy Detector (HED) and (150 keV–30 MeV) Fermi (BGO) light curves show well-defined peaks with a low quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) frequency between 2.5 and 3.5 Hz that could be identified with the spin of the neutron star (NS) in the binary mergers originating these GRBs. These QPOs consist on the first detection of low-frequency QPOs (${\le }10$ Hz) detected in magnetars so far. We also detect a strong QPO at $21.8-22$ Hz in GRB 181222B together with its (less significant) harmonics. The low-frequency QPO would correspond to the signal of the orbiting NS previous to the final coalescence giving rise to the gravitational wave (GW) signal.