bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impressive stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for concurrent quantification of salbutamol, guaifenesin, and sodium benzoate in cough syrup: Application of six sigma and green metrics
Authors: Alanazi Tahani Y. A. , Mahgoub Samar M. , Ahmed Hoda A. , Almalki Manal A. , Alsehli Bandar R. , Abdel-Reheim Mustafa Ahmed , Mohammed Osama A. , Mohamed Mahmoud A.
Published: January 2025

Analytical chemistry research has shifted towards environmentally friendly substitutes that reduce waste and avoid hazardous substances. These efforts align with broader environmental goals and inspire sustainable and responsible science. The objective of this work is to develop and validate an analytical method and verify its greenness using specific tools, including analytical GREEnness (AGREE), analytical greenness metric for sample preparation (AGREEprep), green analytical procedure index, complex green analytical procedure index, analytical Eco-Scale, analytical method volume intensity, analytical method greenness score, and HPLC-EAT (Environmental Assessment Tool). Effective treatment of chronic cough relies heavily on adequately utilizing salbutamol (SAL) and guaifenesin (GUA) in the presence of sodium benzoate (SOB) preservative. The isocratic elution mode used the Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (15 cm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm). It could move 1.5 mL·min−1, hold 50 µL, have a column temperature of 30°C, and have an autosampler temperature of 5°C. It could detect UV light at 276 nm and had a mobile phase of 80:20 v/v buffer solution and acetonitrile. We have successfully established highly accurate calibration curves for the three components SAL, GUA, and SOB within the optimal range of 2–50 µg·mL−1. The coefficient of correlation (r) for these curves was at an impressive 0.9999 for SAL and GUA, while it was 0.9998 for SOB. The recovery values were 100.15%, 100.47%, and 100.92% for SAL, GUA, and SOB, respectively. The selectivity and sensitivity to the ingredients were confirmed according to the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines, as no interference occurred from any of the used sample components. We implemented Six Sigma, resulting in precision and productivity.
An Open-Source 3D-Printable Platform for Testing Head-Fixed Cognitive Flexibility in Rodents
Authors: Cristino Mark H. , Mitchell Alexander C. , Preibisz-Kamat Maya , Fletcher Peyton Shea , Spellman Timothy J.
Published: January 2025

The study of the neural circuitry underlying complex mammalian decision-making, particularly cognitive flexibility, is critical for understanding psychiatric disorders. To test cognitive flexibility, as well as potentially other decision-making paradigms involving multimodal sensory perception, we developed FlexRig, an open-source, modular behavioral platform for use in head-fixed mice. FlexRig enables the administration of tasks relying upon olfactory, somatosensory, and/or auditory cues and employing left and right licking as a behavior readout and reward delivery mechanism. The platform includes hardware and software components that are customizable, scalable, and portable, supporting a variety of behavioral assays. Using FlexRig, we established a head-fixed task to model attentional set-shifting, offering a new tool for neuroscience research that enhances the capacity for investigation of cognitive processes and their neural substrates, with broad applications in translational neuroscience.
KV1 channels enable myelinated axons to transmit spikes reliably without spiking ectopically
Authors: Abdollahi Nooshin , Xie Yu-Feng , Ratté Stéphanie , Prescott Steven A
Published: January 2025

Action potentials (spikes) are regenerated at each node of Ranvier during saltatory transmission along a myelinated axon. The high density of voltage-gated sodium channels required by nodes to reliably transmit spikes increases the risk of ectopic spike generation in the axon. Here we show that ectopic spiking is avoided because KV1 channels prevent nodes from responding to slow depolarization; instead, axons respond selectively to rapid depolarization because KV1 channels implement a high-pass filter. To characterize this filter, we compared spike initiation properties in the soma and axon of CA1 pyramidal neurons from mice of both sexes, using spatially restricted photoactivation of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) to evoke spikes in either region while simultaneously recording at the soma. Somatic photostimulation evoked repetitive spiking whereas axonal photostimulation evoked transient spiking. Blocking KV1 channels converted the axon photostimulation response to repetitive spiking and encouraged spontaneous ectopic spike initiation in the axon. According to computational modeling, the high-pass filter implemented by KV1 channels matches the axial current waveform associated with saltatory conduction, enabling axons to faithfully transmit digital signals by maximizing their signal-to-noise ratio for this task. Specifically, a node generates a single spike only when rapidly depolarized, which is precisely what occurs during saltatory conduction when a pulse of axial current (triggered by a spike occurring at the upstream node) reaches the next node. The soma and axon use distinct spike initiation mechanisms (filters) appropriate for the task required of each region, namely analog-to-digital transduction in the soma vs. digital signal transmission in the axon.

Significance statementNeurons use action potentials, or spikes, to transmit information reliably over long distances. Spikes can be initiated through different dynamical mechanisms depending on the types of ion channels involved. The input required to evoke spikes differs depending on spike initiation dynamics. Using targeted optogenetic stimulation to evoke spikes in different subcellular compartments, we show that the soma and axon of pyramidal neurons use distinct spike initiation mechanisms suited to the distinct role of each compartment. Specifically, the soma uses a low-pass filter supporting analog-to-digital transduction whereas the axon uses KV1 channels to implement a high-pass filter seemingly optimized for transmitting spikes. Importantly, the high-pass filter prevents the axon from generating ectopic spikes if slowly depolarized.
Downmodulation of potassium conductances induces epileptic seizures in cortical network models via multiple synergistic factors
Authors: Ho(何鎮宇) Ernest C. Y. , Newton Adam J. H. , Urdapilleta Eugenio , Dura-Bernal Salvador , Truccolo Wilson
Published: January 2025

Voltage-gated potassium conductances$g_K$play a critical role not only in normal neural function, but also in many neurological disorders and related therapeutic interventions. In particular, in an important animal model of epileptic seizures, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) administration is thought to induce seizures by reducing$g_K$in cortex and other brain areas. Interestingly, 4-AP has also been useful in the treatment of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injury, where it is thought to improve action potential propagation in axonal fibers. Here, we examined$g_K$downmodulation in bio-physical models of cortical networks that included different neuron types organized in layers, potassium diffusion in interstitial and larger extracellular spaces, and glial buffering. Our findings are fourfold. First,$g_K$downmodulation in pyramidal and fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons led to differential effects, making the latter much more likely to enter depolarization block. Second, both neuron types showed an increase in the duration and amplitude of action potentials, with more pronounced effects in pyramidal neurons. Third, a sufficiently strong$g_K$reduction dramatically increased network synchrony, resulting in seizure like dynamics. Fourth, we hypothesized that broader action potentials were likely to not only improve their propagation, as in 4-AP therapeutic uses, but also to increase synaptic coupling. Notably, graded synapses incorporating this effect further amplified network synchronization and seizure-like dynamics. Overall, our findings elucidate different effects that$g_K$downmodulation may have in cortical networks, explaining its potential role in both pathological neural dynamics and therapeutic applications.

Significance StatementThe modulation of voltage-gated potassium-conductances$g_K$is thought to play an important role in epileptic seizures and therapeutic interventions in epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and spinal-cord injury. We show that$g_K$downmodulation can lead to a cascade of effects including changes in basal excitability, broadening of action potentials resulting in enhanced robustness to synaptic noise perturbations and strengthening of synaptic coupling; and differential effects in excitatory and fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons, promoting depolarization block in the latter under high downmodulation. All these effects synergistically contribute to the emergence of seizure-like dynamics in the form of almost-periodic synchronized neuronal-population spiking in cortical networks. Under appropriate levels,$g_K$downmodula tion can also have therapeutic effects by improving neuronal communication via the broadening of action potentials.
Interview with Darren Korb
Authors: Korb Darren , Hill Christopher , Mantilla-Wright Silvia
Published: January 2025

Two of the co-editors for this special issue, Chris Hill and Silvia Mantilla-Wright, sat down with Hades’s composer Darren Korb to explore questions around his compositional process. In this interview, they discuss the musical and sonic portrayal of characters and biomes in the game, what compositional choices sustain interest and engagement across multiple runs, the influence of previous Supergiant Games on the development of Hades, and the role vocal performance plays in signaling the setting of the game.
Food allergies and Living with Risk: Navigating everyday life at university when at risk of anaphylaxis
Authors: Haslam Megan
Published: January 2025

Life-threatening food allergies which put an individual at risk of anaphylaxis change the way that everyday life, and the spaces that constitute it, are experienced. Some research within geography has explored children’s experiences of living with this risk, but few until now have explored the complexities of navigating life with a food allergy for young people at university. This research therefore seeks to address this gap by bringing to the fore the experiences of young people who have attended or currently attend university in the UK and live with a life-threatening food allergy. It reveals how their everyday lives and transition to university are made more complex by anaphylaxis risk. These ideas were explored via seven online in-depth, semi-structured interviews with current or recent university students who carry EpiPens and are at risk of anaphylaxis. Through a process of thematic coding, the spatial and relational dimensions of anaphylaxis risk were revealed within different university contexts. An exploration of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on allergy management is also explored as a novel focus. The research calls for more attention to be paid to young people and students at risk of anaphylaxis and the mental health implications of living with allergies.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ОПАСНЫХ МЕТЕОРОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЯВЛЕНИЙ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ С ПОМОЩЬЮ МОДЕЛИ АТМОСФЕРЫ WRF
Authors: ЗОЛОТОВ С.Ю. , ЛОГИНОВ А.С.
Published: January 2025

В настоящее время на территории Западной Сибири происходит увеличение частоты и интенсивности опасных погодных явлений. Модель атмосферы Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) позволяет исследовать такие явления, в частности для предупреждения о возможности их возникновения. В данной статье определен набор схем параметризаций WRF, предоставляющих полноценную возможность изучать причины возникновения опасных метеорологических явлений и их развитие. Подробно рассмотрены две погодные ситуации на территории Западной Сибири 29-30.04.2019 г. и 25-26.12.2020 г., сопровождавшиеся такими опасными явлениями, как очень сильный ветер, сильный ливень, продолжительный сильный дождь, аномально холодная погода. Выбранный набор схем обеспечивает корректную работу модели WRF в условиях, соответствующих опасным метеорологическим явлениям.

The intensity and frequency of events associated with severe weather phenomena are currently increasing in Western Siberia. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) atmospheric model makes it possible to study such phenomena, in particular, for warning about their occurrence. This article defines a set of WRF parameterization schemes that provide a full-fledged analysis of the causes of occurrence and monitor the further development of severe weather events. This set of schemes ensures correct operation of the WRF model under conditions corresponding to severe weather events. The paper details two weather events with such severe phenomena as very strong wind, very heavy rainfall, prolonged heavy rain, and abnormally cold wave, which occurred in Western Siberia on April 29-30, 2019, and December 25-26, 2020.
ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ЛЕДЯНЫХ АТМОСФЕРНЫХ КРИСТАЛЛОВ ПРОИЗВОЛЬНОЙ ФОРМЫ С РАЗНЫМ КОЛИЧЕСТВОМ ГРАНЕЙ ДЛЯ ЗАДАЧ ЛАЗЕРНОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: ШИШКО В.А. , ТКАЧЕВ И.В. , ТИМОФЕЕВ Д.Н. , КУСТОВА Н.В. , КОНОШОНКИН А.В.
Published: January 2025

Решение задачи рассеяния света на атмосферных ледяных кристаллах крайне необходимо для интерпретации данных лазерного зондирования атмосферы. С целью ее решения рассчитаны матрицы обратного рассеяния света для ледяных атмосферных кристаллов произвольной формы с количеством граней 15, 20 и 40 в диапазоне размеров от 10 до 300 мкм в рамках приближения физической оптики. Расчеты проводились для случая хаотической пространственной ориентации частиц в рамках однократного рассеяния света на длинах волн излучения 0,532 и 1,064 мкм. Результаты статистического анализа демонстрируют незначительные отклонения в оптических характеристиках кристаллов произвольной формы с разным количеством граней. Показано, что оптические характеристики эталонной частицы, взятой из банка данных ИОА СО РАН, укладываются в вышеописанное распределение. Таким образом, работа подтверждает обоснованность использования рассчитанного банка данных для случая широкого набора частиц с количеством граней от 15 до 40. Полученные результаты необходимы для построения алгоритмов интерпретации лидарных данных зондирования перистых облаков.

Solving of the light scattering problem of atmospheric ice crystals is necessary for the interpretation of laser sensing data of atmosphere. This article presents the results of calculating light backscattering matrices for ice atmospheric crystals of arbitrary shape. The number of faces for these particles is 15, 20, and 40 and the size range is from 10 to 300 mm. Calculations were carried out within the physical optics approximation for the case of arbitrary spatial orientation of particles and single light scattering. The wavelengths of the incident light are 0.532 and 1.064 mm. According to the statistical analysis of crystals, their optical properties slightly differ. It is shown that the optical properties of an etalon particle taken from the IAO SB RAS data bank is satisfied the above distribution. Thus, the results confirm the validity of using the database for the case of a large set of particles with the number of faces from 15 to 40. The results are necessary for constructing algorithms for the interpretation of data of lidar sounding of cirrus clouds.
СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ КОНСОЛИДАЦИИ ГОРОДСКИХ СООБЩЕСТВ В ПРИГРАНИЧНЫХ РЕГИОНАХ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНО-ЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ РОССИИ
Authors: БАБИНЦЕВ В.П. , ГАЙДУКОВА Г.Н. , ШАПОВАЛ Ж.А.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматриваются социальные детерминанты консолидации городских сообществ. Цель статьи - верификация гипотез о взаимосвязи долгосрочных тенденций социально-экономического и социально-демографического развития городских сообществ в регионах российского приграничья и восприятия населением идеи социальной консолидации. На основе сопоставления данных статистики и результатов социологических исследований авторы доказывают, что отношение к консолидации не зависит от того, насколько благоприятными являются показатели демографического развития. На преобладание в общественном сознании интенции к консолидации оказывает неоднозначное воздействие фактор миграции (в случае значительной культурной дистанции она усиливается в среде коренных жителей, приобретая вид защитной реакции, короткая дистанция не побуждает к солидаризации). Выявлено, что более всего ориентированы на консолидацию «верхние» и «нижние» слои городского населения при относительной пассивности «средних», поэтому, как ни парадоксально, размывание «среднего класса» усиливает установки на солидаризацию. Способствуют их формированию и распространению информированность населения о наличии в городе элементов инфраструктуры консолидации (некоммерческие организации, общественные объединения и т.д.) и участие в их работе.

This article examines the social determinants of urban community consolidation. Its goal is to test hypotheses regarding the relationship between long-term socio-economic and socio-demographic trends in urban communities within Russia’s border regions and the population’s perception of social consolidation. By comparing statistical data and sociological research findings, the authors demonstrate that attitudes toward consolidation are not necessarily tied to favorable demographic indicators. Migration has a mixed impact on the prevalence of consolidation in the public consciousness (when cultural distance is significant, consolidation tendencies strengthen among natives as a protective response, whereas smaller cultural distances do not encourage solidarization). The study finds that the “upper" and “lower" strata of the urban population are most inclined toward consolidation, while the “middle" class remains relatively passive. Paradoxically, the erosion of the middle class fosters stronger consolidation attitudes. Additionally, the population’s awareness of the presence of consolidation infrastructure in their city (such as NGOs and public associations) and participation in these organizations contribute to the development and spread of consolidation efforts.
Інтелектуальні ресурси як каталізатор відновлення: стратегічні підходи та практичні аспекти в управлінні
Authors: Адаменко Денис
Published: January 2025

Актуальність. Знання та інтелектуальні ресурси є ключовими факторами сталого розвитку. Інтелектуальні ресурси можуть стати каталізатором економічного відновлення України, сприяючи інноваціям і конкурентоспроможності. Реалізація їхнього потенціалу є важливим завданням для держави та бізнесу.
Мета дослідження. Визначити вплив інтелектуальних ресурсів на процес економічного відновлення України в умовах посткризового періоду. Стаття спрямована на виявлення ключових факторів, що сприяють ефективному використанню інтелектуального капіталу для підвищення конкурентоспроможності та стійкого розвитку економіки. Важливе значення приділяється розробці рекомендацій для державної політики та практичного впровадження стратегій, що сприятимуть максимальному залученню інтелектуальних ресурсів у процес відновлення економіки. Окрему увагу приділено використанню інтелектуальних ресурсів у публічному управлінні та адмініструванні для забезпечення ефективного управління та розвитку інноваційної інфраструктури.
Результати. Інтелектуальні ресурси відіграють важливу роль у розвитку людського капіталу, інноваційної інфраструктури та цифрової економіки. Їх інтеграція сприяє створенню новітніх технологій, підвищенню ефективності управління та міжнародного співробітництва. Рекомендації для державної політики допоможуть підвищити конкурентоспроможність економіки України. Підтримка інновацій державою і приватним сектором, а також розвиток цифрових компетенцій серед населення є ключовими.
Висновки. Ефективне управління інтелектуальними ресурсами є умовою сталого розвитку та відновлення економіки України. Комплексний підхід, що включає розвиток освіти, інноваційної інфраструктури та підтримку міжнародного співробітництва, забезпечить довгострокове економічне зростання і підвищення конкурентоспроможності. Важливо забезпечити державну підтримку для розвитку інноваційної діяльності, стимулювати інвестиції у наукові дослідження та підвищувати цифрову грамотність населення.
Напрями вдосконалення системи судового адміністрування в Україні в умовах її європеїзації та в контексті угоди про асоціацію
Authors: Бєлова Алла
Published: January 2025

Стаття присвячена визначенню ключових напрямів вдосконалення системи судового адміністрування в України в умовах її європеїзації та в контексті Угоди про асоціацію з ЄС. У статті наголошується на важливості забезпечення умов для здійснення судочинства, гарантування прав громадян на доступ до правосуддя та судовий захист.
Судове адміністрування у вітчизняній практиці є новітнім феноменом, який проходить закономірні етапи еволюції з метою підвищення його спроможності та потенціалу. Обґрунтовано, що процес європеїзації зумовлює необхідність внутрішньо-організаційних перетворень для виконання європейських домовленостей. У статті показано, що зміцнення авторитету і поваги до суду залежить не тільки від процесуальної роботи судді, а й значною мірою від чіткої та ефективної діяльності апарату суду та всієї системи судового адміністрування. Напрями удосконалення системи судового адміністрування в Україні розглядаються крізь призму дієвої законодавчої бази, управлінсько-організаційного потенціалу та незалежності судової влади України, задля гарантування якої на сьогодні актуалізується важливість фінансової гарантованості та стабільності, що має визначатися виключно законом і не залежати від владно-політичних рішень. Окрему увагу у статті зосереджено на необхідності надання судовій владі України права законодавчої ініціативи, що забезпечує рівноправність повноважень трьох гілок влади, необхідності мінімізації участі суддів у вирішенні адміністративних питань для посилення незалежності судової влади, а також законодавчого врегулювання повноважень та відповідальності керівника апарату суду із забезпеченням його правового захисту та виключенням будь-яких можливостей дискримінації у сфері праці.
Effect of a surface roughness on the erosion kinetics of Ba35 brass used in potable water pipelines: Experiments and mathematical modeling
Authors: Bennis Touhaf H. , Mesbah K. , Ben Lenda O. , Bennajah M. , Ouaki B.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this work is to establish the relationship between surface roughness and erosion processes of Ba35brass pipes subjected to abrasive particles. Brass samples were prepared with different levels of surface roughness, obtained by polishing using abrasive papers of various grain sizes: P80, P120, and P320. These samples were eroded using a recirculating erosion test bench. To analyze the erosion kinetics, the surface roughness values (Ra and Rz) as well as the cumulative mass loss were measured at specified time intervals. In parallel, mathematical models were developed to simulate the evolution of surface roughness and cumulative mass loss, based on optimization methods. The results show that rougher surfaces, such as those prepared with P80 grit paper, record a higher erosion rate, reaching 0.47 mg/h, compared to smoother surfaces, such as those obtained with P320 paper, whose rate is 0.19 mg/h. The developed mathematical models indicate that the surface roughness follows an exponential decrease, while the cumulative mass loss shows a logarithmic growth. Furthermore, a linear correlation was highlighted between the erosion rate and the surface roughness. This study highlights the crucial importance of surface roughness in erosion processes and provides guidelines for optimizing the design and maintenance of cast iron pipes.
Shorter Notices, and Books Received
Authors: Editors The
Published: January 2025

Rosemary Ruddle: Rosemary Ruddle's Recipes: Leicestershire Libraries and Information Service, Leicester, 1976. 50 pp., only 75p
Jane Mosley: Jane Mosley's Derbyshire Recipes (and Remedies): Derbyshire Museum Service, Derby, 1979: 80 pp., no price marked.
Lesley Morrisy: Australian Crustacean Cookery: Clare Dane Publishers, P.O. Box 139, Scarborough, West Australia, 1979: 114 pp., spiral-bound, drawings and colour photographs, Australian $6.00.
W. Ross Cockrill (ed.): The Water Buffalo: FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations), Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, 1977: 280 pp., variously priced in different currencies in almost all countries of the world.
Antiquarian and Second-Hand Cookery Books
Authors: Editors The
Published: January 2025

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The Impact of Fiscal Sovereignty in the Field of Real Estate Tax on Municipal Revenues
Authors: Świerczek-Dutka Patrycja
Published: January 2025

Aim: The aim of the article was to assess the significance of the fiscal sovereignty granted to municipalities in Poland in the real estate tax from the perspective of its impact on their revenues. The study determined the scale and nature of the use of fiscal sovereignty instruments by various types of municipalities and to analyse the financial impact of these actions. Methodology: The research encompassed all municipalities in Poland (including cities with county rights as well as urban, rural, and urban-rural municipalities), utilising data provided by the Ministry of Finance for the years 2018-2023. Empirical research methods such as observation, comparison, and measurement were employed, along with descriptive statistics techniques. Findings: The analysis indicated that from 2018 to 2023 the exercise of fiscal sovereignty by municipalities resulted in a total revenue decrease of PLN 20.2 billion (13% of total real estate tax revenue during this period). This confirms the significant impact of utilising fiscal sovereignty instruments on municipal revenues. Notable differences were observed among various types of municipalities, with rural municipalities showing a greater propensity to apply tax preferences. The primary instrument utilised in this regard was the reduction of upper tax rates. Implications: The research findings indicate a need for further, in-depth analysis of the long-term effects of exercising fiscal sovereignty, particularly in the context of local development and municipal competitiveness. Furthermore, they provide valuable information for policymakers and tax authorities, suggesting the potential necessity for modifying current regulations to optimise the municipal revenue system, considering the diverse needs and capabilities of different types of local government units. Originality/value: This study makes a significant contribution through its comprehensive analysis of the effects of fiscal sovereignty application on a national scale, identification of differences in tax strategies among various types of municipalities, and provision of current quantitative data on the scale and nature of the utilisation of specific instruments. Consequently, the research findings can serve as a foundation for further analyses and support in shaping tax policy at both local and national levels.
Environmental risks and sustainable development of Russian regions in times of crises
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russian Federation, Demidova Ksenia V. , Barinova Vera A. ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gvozdeva Margarita A. ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Russia is currently facing sanctions, which have had significant economic and social consequences. These crises have revealed vulnerabilities in the socio-economic system, highlighting the importance of studying them to better address current challenges and mitigate future risks.
Objective. The study aims to identify the vulnerabilities in particular aspects of sustainable development across Russia's regions during the crises of the past 15 years.
Data and methods. The study draws on data from the Federal Statistical Service (Rosstat) to calculate a sustainable development index for regions, which tracks the impact of crises on their economic, social, and environmental sustainability. The index is constructed using a classical method, comprising three averaged sub-indices, each representing one of the three components of sustainable development. A higher index value indicates greater sustainability, with the impact of crises varying across regions.
Results. During the 2014 crisis, regions specializing in export-oriented industries or those with a significant share of foreign capital in their economies were hit the hardest. Socially, the most vulnerable regions were those along the Chinese border in the Far East, which were impacted by trade restrictions. The 2020 pandemic had economic effects on nearly all regions, with cities of over a million people and their agglomerations suffering the most due to the abrupt suspension of the tertiary sector. The social sphere responds most quickly to crises, while the environmental component is more inert but shows a negative trend despite the crises.
Conclusions. For regions with underdeveloped and monocentric economies, support measures should focus on diversifying industries, particularly those aimed at mass consumption. In coal-mining regions, it's important to develop service sectors related to the industry during stable periods. For the Far Eastern regions, the main support measure is to stimulate industries geared towards meeting Chinese demand.
Organizing Differentiated Teaching in the Conditions of Inclusive Education
Authors: Wasyluk Ałła , Białas Marcin
Published: January 2025

The article attempts to define the essence of inclusive teaching and indicate the need to implement it in schools to respond to the need to build an open society. The article outlines a historical sketch of the assumptions of inclusive teaching, which became one of the foundations of its crystallization. It identifies the problem of differentiated teaching in an inclusive classroom, where the emphasis should be on creating an appropriate educational environment, organizing the teaching process, and modifying programs to achieve educational success for children with various special educational needs. The attempt to define the essence of student assessment in the adopted concept of differentiated teaching also seems necessary, as it gives teachers personalized information about their students’ educational progress. Enables ongoing changes in their teaching strategies to stimulate students’ independence when acquiring knowledge, skills and competencies.
Activating Methods for Developing Students’ Critical Competencies in Inclusive Education
Authors: Wójcik Magdalena
Published: January 2025

All students need key competencies and essential skills for self-fulfilment, personal development, employability, social inclusion, and active citizenship. The development of critical competencies, their importance and ensuring education and learning focused on their implementation should be implemented by establishing good practices in terms of better support for educational staff, updating the assessment of methods and tools, and introducing new and innovative forms of teaching and learning. Therefore, activating methods is the guiding principle of the teaching-learning program for students with and without disabilities. The methods used should take into account the individual needs and capabilities of students, which in the case of an often very diverse inclusive class may prove to be a big challenge, especially since, in addition to adapting educational requirements, the teacher must constantly take into account the degree, scope and possibilities of implementing key competencies.
Interactive Teaching Methods Support Diversity and Students’ Educational and Social Inclusion
Authors: Tutunaru Ramona Elena
Published: January 2025

The study entitled Interactive Teaching Methods Support Diversity and Educational and Social Inclusion analyzes the influence of interactive methods on the class of students as a social group, under the conditions of their presence in the didactic act, respectively the changes that occur in the learning process of students as a result of their use. The research method used was the semi-structured interview. The sample of participants consisted of 25 secondary school students. The research results provide information about the educational and social effects experienced by students as a result of integrating interactive methods into lessons. Specifically, freedom of expression and action, the realization that each person is unique, and the fact that human diversity is natural are benefits that accompany the presence of interactive methods. Indeed, the feeling of belonging to the group, the feeling of educational and social inclusion, the increased cohesion of the group of pupils, and the confidence in one’s potential are the results of teamwork, the encouragement of free expression and dialogue, which are characteristic features of interactive methods. The learning process also undergoes essential changes, with interactive methods positively impacting the understanding of new information. School motivation and interest in learning are also enhanced by encouraging free, open expression. In conclusion, secondary school students’ diversity and educational and social inclusion are supported by using interactive teaching methods.
Antoni Kępiński – a Man, Philosopher, Physician. Biographical Impressions and Inspirations for Pedagogical Activity
Authors: Karkowska Magda
Published: January 2025

This article aims to reconstruct the basis of the therapeutic concept of Antoni Kępiński, one of the most outstanding Polish psychiatrists, along with considering the possibility of relating the main assumptions of axiological psychiatry, as well as the phenomenological and existential foundations underlying his way of perceiving the relationship with the patient, to more general, pedagogical relationships in the process of upbringing. For this purpose, I will analyze critical events (turning points) in the psychiatrist’s biography, theoretical inspirations that are a source of reflection as well asthe subsequent development of the concepts of mental health, illness and individual well-being. Then I will reflect on which of them can be an inspiration for contemporary pedagogical thinking and activities.
The Dangers of Adolescents Resulting from Internet Use. A Reflection on the Example of Two Secondary Schools, in Pszczyna and Český Těšín
Authors: Ruman Natalia Maria
Published: January 2025

The Internet these days has endless possibilities. It is used in virtually every human activity. The purpose of this article is not to demonize the Internet but to examine various dimensions of how young people function in the virtual world. The goal is also to determine what negatives students face and what positives result from using this technology. The first part will present the most essential news in the new media field and, in particular, the characteristics of the Internet. Issues related to various aspects of Internet use will be addressed–from the psychological mechanisms of Internet use by young people through media education and the dangers of various online activities to the socio-practical phenomena occurring in the digital world. The knowledge gained through the theoretical part will form the basis for conducting empirical research. The purpose of the research will be to determine the importance of Computer and Internet use in the lives of secondary school students. The results of this research discussed, together with their elaboration and the presentation of ways to counteract the threats and methods of positive use of the Internet, can be a valuable source of helpful knowledge both in the pedagogical work of those involved in education and valuable for parents, since they are most responsible for the education of their children in the use of media.
Chorvatská recepce Prokopa Chocholouška
Authors: Šabić Marijan
Published: January 2025

Mezi lety 1844-1867 bylo v chorvatských literárních periodicích přeloženo jedenáct poměrně rozsáhlých Chocholouškových povídek, některé z nich i vícekrát, což z něj činí v tomto období nejpřekládanějšího českého literáta v Chor-vatsku. Autor tohoto článku se pokouší na základě analýzy překladů Prokopa Cho-cholouška a náhledem na jeho literární dílo v chorvatských literárních časopisech a novinách představit hlavní znaky chorvatské recepce jeho opusu v 19. století a určit pozici početných překladů Chocholouškových textů ve vztahu k dobovým poměrům v chorvatské literatuře a výstavbě domácího literárního kánonu.
Neuspjele reforme ruskoga i češkoga pravopisa iz 1960-ih godina
Authors: Vuković Petar
Published: January 2025

Početkom 1960-ih pojavila su nastojanja da se korjenito reformiraju dva slavenska pravopisna sustava – ruski i češki. Reforme su težile jačanju primjene fonološkoga načela kako bi se olakšalo usvajanje pravopisa u školi. Rasprave o pra-vopisnoj reformi pokrenute su, kanalizirane i zaključene političkom intervencijom, pa su u velikoj mjeri obilježene autoritarnim načinom upravljanja jezikom. Ipak, njihov sadržaj pokazuje da u pravopisne sustave s dugom tradicijom i stabiliziranom su-vremenom uporabom nije jednostavno intervenirati, pa je zato instruktivan i danas.
Imaging axonal calcium dynamics in ex vivo mouse brain slices v1
Authors: Zhang Yan-Feng , J Cragg Stephanie
Published: January 2025

This protocol describes how to image calcium dynamics in striatal dopaminergic axons in ex vivo mouse brain slices. We imaged calcium transients in response to single and trains (4 pulses, 100 Hz) of electrical stimulus pulses using genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6f expressed in DAT-Cre:Ai95D mice.
i3N neuronal differentiation v1
Authors: Penverne Alexis
Published: January 2025

This protocol is based on the protocol from the Kampmann lab (Chen et al., 2020). It describes the how to differentiate i3Ns, iPSCs with stably integrated doxycycline-inducible Ngn2
Bacterial Staining and Microscopy v2
Authors: Carlos Goller Carlos
Published: January 2025

Overview and Goals Now that you have streaked your unknown bacteria for isolation, you will take steps to identify certain properties of the organisms via a variation of the gram stain. Broadly, bacteria can be categorized into gram-positive and gram-negative groups based on the presence or absence of an outer cell membrane and a thick peptidoglycan layer (cell wall). Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this lab, you will gain the following lab skills: Lab safety and proper personal protective equipment (PPE) Use of gram staining/ gram staining alternative to identify the gram status of a bacterial isolate Use of a fluorescent microscope for the detection of red/green fluorescence Before starting Review the complete protocol before beginning. Several of the steps in this procedure are time and/or temperature-sensitive, so you must know what to expect and how to manage your time. Work as a team! There are also several types of tubes with specific names that need to be used for specific protocol steps. They are shown in the illustration below to help you keep track of these materials.
Wide-field imaging of voltage sensors expressed in ex vivo mouse brain slices v1
Authors: Zhang Yan-Feng , J Cragg Stephanie
Published: January 2025

This protocol describes how to perform wide-field imaging of voltage sensors using high frame rates (660 Hz minimum every 2.5 minutes) in mouse midbrain using ex vivo brain slices.
Game Changers: National Referendums and the Politicization of Europe
Authors: Hutter Swen
Published: January 2025

How do national referendums shape political contestation? This article explores this question by examining the politicization of European integration, a key “cleavage issue” restructuring political conflict across Europe. While national referendums are often assumed to intensify public contestation over European integration, systematic comparative evidence remains limited. This study contributes to the debate by analyzing 87 public debates on European integration across six Western European countries (Austria, Britain, France, Germany, Sweden, and Switzerland), including 12 debates with national referendums. The analysis draws on the PolDem dataset (Hutter et al., 2016), updated to include the Brexit referendum. Through comprehensive across-debate and within-debate analyses, the findings show that referendums are associated with heightened politicization, particularly by expanding actor participation and increasing issue salience. Civil society and other non-executive actors gain visibility in referendum contexts, reinforcing the view that referendums level the political playing field. Although referendums increase framing diversity, they do not consistently lead to more polarized or identity-focused debates involving radical parties, challenging the notion that referendums inherently drive cultural conflict. This study advances our understanding of how direct democracy shapes European integration debates and calls for further comparative research on institutional factors and endogenous conflict dynamics to better grasp the varied impacts of referendums on politicization.
Moya-moya disease in a child with nephropatic cystinosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Pivovarova A. M. , Papizh S. V. , Kаzakov D. O. , Gorchkhanovа K. Z. , Melnikov I. A.
Published: January 2025

The article presents a case report of a child with a combination of two ultra rare diseases: nephropathic cystinosis and moya-moya disease.

Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by accumulation of cystine in lysosomes throughout the body. Cystinosis is caused by mutations in the CTNS gene that encodes the lysosomal cystine carrier protein cystinosin. The lack of functional cystinosin causes accumulation and crystallization of cystine within the lysosomes, which leads to apoptosis and tissue damage in all organs. The disease is characterized by renal (Fanconi syndrome with progressive decline in renal function) and extrarenal manifestations in the form of hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, coronary vascular calcification, metabolic bone disease, damage to the central nervous system with cortical atrophy, cerebral calcification and etc.

Moya-moya disease is a progressive condition that can lead to ischemic stroke or intracranial hemorrhage in children and adults. The following types of this condition are distinguished: moya-moya disease primary (idiopathic) refers to patients with angiographic evidence of the disease, who may have a genetic predisposition, but do not have concomitant diseases and moya-moya syndrome – angiographic changes in patients are the same as in patients with moya-moya disease, but there is an underlying disease that is the cause.

We analyzed the probable changes in the central nervous system during cystinosis and concluded that the underlying disease cannot be the cause of the identified changes and when observing this patient, we encountered two independent conditions, which required a team approach to determining treatment tactics and further observation.

Timely diagnosis made it possible to improve the further prognosis of the disease, but also the patient’s quality of life, stop episodes of cerebral ischemia, and prevent the development of neurological deficits.
Soğuk Savaş Döneminde Irak Kürtleri
Authors: Özdemir Burcu
Published: January 2025

Soğuk Savaş dönemi, Irak Kürtlerinin politik ve sosyal dinamiklerini şekillendiren kritik bir evreyi temsil etmektedir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun dağılmasının ardından, Kürtlerin yaşadığı alanlar çeşitli ulus devletlerin egemenliğine girmiş, bu durum özellikle Irak'ta aşiret temelli toplumsal yapılar üzerinden Kürtler için yeni siyasi mücadele alanları açmıştır. 20. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren, bu toplumsal ve aşiret yapıları etrafında şekillenen politikalar, Irak Kürtlerinin ana sorunlarından biri haline gelirken, ulus-devlet yapısı oluşturmanın getirdiği zorluklar içinde, çeşitli aşiretlerin liderliğinde Bağdat hükümetine karşı silahlı direnişler düzenlenmiştir. Ancak, bu süreçte Kürtler arasında geniş çaplı bir birlik sağlanamamıştır. Soğuk Savaş'ın ideolojik ve stratejik çatışmaları, Kürt meselesinin uluslararası boyutta daha fazla önem kazanmasına neden olmuş, ancak aynı zamanda Kürtler arası bölünmeleri derinleştirmiştir. Günümüzde Irak'taki Kürtler, yasal statü ve haklar açısından belirgin ilerlemeler kaydetmiş olup, tarihsel mücadeleleri, aşiret bağlarından tamamen sıyrılamamalarına rağmen, ortak bir hedefe doğru evrilmeleri açısından önemli bir dönüm noktası oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Soğuk Savaş dönemi Irak Kürtleri hem bölgesel hem de uluslararası arenada Kürt meselesinin anlaşılması için kritik bir perspektif sunmaktadır.
Kendini Kilolu Olarak Tanımlayan Kadınların Romantik İlişki Deneyimleri
Authors: Karakuş Umar Esra , Taşci Çağla
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmada kendini kilolu olarak tanımlayan kadınların, romantik ilişki deneyimlerinin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla nitel araştırma yönteminden hareket edilerek 18-65 yaş arası Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan ve farklı meslek gruplarından olan 10 kadın ile gerçekleştirilen derinlemesine mülakatlarda kadınların kendini nasıl tanımladıkları, karşı taraftan beklentileri, ilişki deneyimleri ve ilişkide tüketim kültürüne ilişkin pratikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Evlilik kurumunun ve ailenin önem taşıdığı Türkiye’de romantik ilişki deneyimleri evlilik için ve evlilik beklentisi ile şekillenmektedir. Evlilik beklentisinde olan taraflar, birbirlerinin beklentilerine uyum sağlarken sosyal çevrenin kendileri üzerinde yarattığı baskıyı da hissedebilmektedirler. Güzellik algısı ve beden denetimi bu beklentiler arasında yer alabilmektedir. Sosyal inşacı bir perspektiften hareketle yapılan çalışmada verilerin analizinde içerik analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Böylelikle kadınların, kendilerini ilişki içerisinde hem partner hem de çevre tarafından sürekli denetlenirken bulduğu görülmüştür. Bu denetlenmelerin kökeni ilk ergenlik çağına ilişkin olumsuz deneyimlerden oluşabilmektedir. Yakın sosyal çevre ve akrabalar bedenlerine ilişkin anlamların inşasında aktif rol oynayabilmektedir. Olumsuz deneyimler, bireyin sonrasındaki romantik ilişkilere ilişkin inşa ettiği anlamları da etkileyebilmektedir.
Divriği (Sivas) İlçesi ile Yakın Çevresinin İklimsel Özellikleri ve Trend Analizi
Authors: Kartal Fatih
Published: January 2025

Geçmişten günümüze kadar insanoğlu bulunduğu alandaki yaşamsal faaliyetlerini doğal unsurlara bağlı olarak sürdürmektedir. Bu doğal unsurlardan biriside fiziki coğrafyanın konusunu oluşturan klimatik özelliklerdir. Çalışma, bu bağlamda Divriği ilçesinin klimatik parametrelerini uzun periyotlarda açıklamak ve sıcaklık ile yağış trendlerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada MGM (Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü)’den alınan Divriği (1960-2022) ve çevresinin iklim verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Saha haritalarının hazırlanmasında CBS (Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri)’de kullanılan ArcGIS 10.4.1 programından faydalanılmış olup tablo ve şekiller Microsoft Word ve Excel aracılığıyla oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın trend analizi için Mann-Kendall ve Spearman's Rho testi gibi iki önemli trend yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Divriği’nin iklim tipi Erinç yöntemine göre; yaz mevsiminde kuraklığı fazla olan yarı nemli iklim iken Thornthwaite göre yarı kurak-nemli, orta sıcaklıkta (Mezotermal) bir iklimdir. Sonuç olarak trend analizleri küresel iklim değişimleri açısından Divriği ilçesinde de uzun vadede sıcaklık artışlarını ve yağış azalmalarını işaret etmektedir. Bu veriler doğrultusunda sahada yapılacak olan doğru planlamalar hem yöre ve ülke ekonomisine katkı sağlayacağı hem de ekolojik anlamda iklimle ilgili çevre sorunlarını azaltacağı düşünülmektedir.