bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Causal Inference Using Genome-Wide Association Study Data: Mendelian Randomization and Beyond
Authors: Walker Venexia M. , Zheng Jie , Gaunt Tom R. , Smith George Davey
Published: April 2022

Summary statistics for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are increasingly available for downstream analyses. Meanwhile, the popularity of causal inference methods has grown as we look to gather robust evidence for novel medical and public health interventions. This has led to the development of methods that use GWAS summary statistics for causal inference. Here, we describe these methods in order of their escalating complexity, from genetic associations to extensions of Mendelian randomization that consider thousands of phenotypes simultaneously. We also cover the assumptions and limitations of these approaches before considering the challenges faced by researchers performing causal inference using GWAS data. GWAS summary statistics constitute an important data source for causal inference research that offers a counterpoint to nongenetic methods when triangulating evidence. Continued efforts to address the challenges in using GWAS data for causal inference will allow the full impact of these approaches to be realized.
Improving Antibody Therapeutics by Manipulating the Fc Domain: Immunological and Structural Considerations
Authors: Delidakis George , Kim Jin Eyun , George Katia , Georgiou George
Published: April 2022

Interactions between the crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain of antibodies and a plethora of cellular Fc receptors (FcRs) or soluble proteins form a critical link between humoral and innate immunity. In particular, the immunoglobulin G Fc domain is critical for the clearance of target cells by processes that include ( a) cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, or complement lysis; ( b) modulation of inflammation; ( c) antigen presentation; ( d) antibody-mediated receptor clustering; and ( e) cytokine release. More than 30 Fc-engineered antibodies aimed primarily at tailoring these effects for optimal therapeutic outcomes are in clinical evaluation or have already been approved. Nonetheless, our understanding of how FcR engagement impacts various immune cell phenotypes is still largely incomplete. Recent insights into FcR biology coupled with advances in Fc:FcR structural analysis, Fc engineering, and mouse models that recapitulate human biology are helping to fill in existing knowledge gaps. These advances will provide a blueprint on how to fine-tune the Fc domain to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy.
Technological Options for Direct Air Capture: A Comparative Process Engineering Review
Authors: Wu Xiaowei , Krishnamoorti Ramanan , Bollini Praveen
Published: April 2022

The direct capture of CO2 from ambient air presents a means of decelerating the growth of global atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Considerations relating to process engineering are the focus of this review and have received significantly less attention than those relating to the design of materials for direct air capture (DAC). We summarize minimum thermodynamic energy requirements, second law efficiencies, major unit operations and associated energy requirements, capital and operating expenses, and potential alternative process designs. We also highlight process designs applied toward more concentrated sources of CO2 that, if extended to lower concentrations, could help move DAC units closer to more economical continuous operation. Addressing shortcomings highlighted here could aid in the design of improved DAC processes that overcome trade-offs between capture performance and DAC cost.
Equity in Genomic Medicine
Authors: Halbert Chanita Hughes
Published: April 2022

Since the completion of the Human Genome Project, considerable progress has been made in translating knowledge about the genetic basis of disease risk and treatment response into clinical services and public health interventions that have greater precision. It is anticipated that more precision approaches to early detection, prevention, and treatment will be developed and will enhance equity in healthcare and outcomes among disparity populations. Reduced access to genomic medicine research, clinical services, and public health interventions has the potential to exacerbate disparities in genomic medicine. The purpose of this article is to describe these challenges to equity in genomic medicine and identify opportunities and future directions for addressing these issues. Efforts are needed to enhance access to genomic medicine research, clinical services, and public health interventions, and additional research that examines the clinical utility of precision medicine among disparity populations should be prioritized to ensure equity in genomic medicine.
Signal-in-Space and Positioning Performance of BDS Open Augmentation Service
Authors: Chen Liang , Zhou Guangyu , Chen Guo , Sun Weibin , Pan Luotian
Published: April 2022

As a typical augmentation satellite system for centimeter-level positioning, PPP (Precise Point Positioning) service based on PPP-B2b signal of China’s new generation BeiDou system (BDS-3) was released for Asia-Pacific area on July, 2020. This paper first introduces the recovery theory of PPP-B2b SSR (State Space Representation) messages and then implements a real-time PPP-B2b precise positioning terminal to decode and obtain the PPP-B2b SSR orbit, clock, and biases. On those bases, the coverage, signal-in-space, and positioning performance of PPP-B2b SSR are evaluated. The results show that PPP-B2b SSR of BDS-3 can cover the most area of 50°E-180°E, 30°S-70°N and improve signal-in-space accuracy significantly. The improvement rate on BDS clock offset can reach 77%, which far exceeds average 40% improvement on BDS orbit, while it is opposite for GPS with 80% improvement rate on orbit and 61% on clock offset. Average SISRE (signal-in-space range error) of PPP-B2b SSR is better than 10 cm. The 95% positioning results show that centimeter- to decimeter-level positioning can be achieved after a few minutes of convergence based on PPP-B2b SSR, which satisfies the BDS open service performance standard. Comparing to BDS PPP based on PPP-B2b SSR, BDS + GPS PPP can promote convergence significantly with average 40% improvement rate for 95% epochs and can further improve positioning accuracy with 30%-35% improvement rate in horizontal and 10%–15% in vertical direction.
Financial Crisis Prediction Model of Listed Companies Based on Statistics and AI
Authors: Wang Ying
Published: April 2022

In the fierce market competition, companies are constantly facing the threat of falling into GFC. A global financial crisis refers to a crisis in global financial assets or financial institutions or financial markets. However, the threat of a global financial crisis (GFC) is not helpless, but can be predicted in advance. Therefore, building a GFC prediction model is of great significance to the development of the company. This article mainly studies the GFC prediction model of listed companies based on statistics and AI methods. This paper chooses to determine the number of training samples and test samples as 40 and 16 respectively, that is, 8 companies are randomly selected as test samples from financial health companies and GFC companies respectively, and the remaining 40 become training samples. According to the primary selection of characteristic indicators, this paper adopts the frequency statistics method, that is, the higher frequency is selected through the previous research, and the indicator selection is made on this basis. This article will use the Kolmogorov–Smimov (K-S test) goodness-of-fit test method. Each of the early warning indicators selected in this article should be able to distinguish between GFC and non-GFC companies, so the selection should be made by indicators one by one. Bring the indicators of each year into the factor function formula obtained by factor analysis, and get a new variable group. Then SPSS16.0 was used for binomial logistic regression analysis for each year. This article uses KMO and Bartlett identification. The assumption of the sphericity test of the Bartlett test is that the correlation coefficient matrix is an identity matrix, and statistics are obtained according to the matrix formula of the correlation coefficient matrix. The prediction accuracy of the nonlinear combination discriminant method has been improved in the first three years of the GFC, and in the year (t − 3), which is a little far away from the crisis time, the accuracy rate has reached 83%. The results show that the combination of statistics and AI has a significant effect on improving the prediction accuracy of the GFC prediction model of listed companies.
Study on the Anticollision Performance of a New Corrugated Steel Protection System for Bridge Pier
Authors: Chen Guicheng , Huang Haidong , Xiang Zhongfu
Published: April 2022

A new type of corrugated steel protection system (CSP) for the bridge pier is proposed to improve the impact resistance of the bridge pier and reduce the loss caused by the collision of the ship against the pier. A new bolt numerical simulation method and finite element model establishment method are proposed and verified by the impact test. The results show that the new method can effectively simulate the mechanical behavior of bolts and CSP. Parameters analysis was carried out subsequently by the verified finite element model which showed that the energy absorbing ability of CSP increases with corrugated steel pipe wall thickness and its weight decreases. It is concluded that CSP (2.0 mm) is the optimal structural type, and compared with the existing FRP Fender System. The results show that the energy absorbing ability of CSP (2.0 mm) is strong, and its final absorbed energy can reach 86.13% of the total energy of the model structural system (7.22 MJ).
Carbon Nanotube‐Based Reinforced Polymers for Medical Applications: Improving Impact Strength of Polymer‐Polymer Composites
Authors: AL-Maatoq Marwah , Fuentealba Patricio , Fachet Melanie , Glüge Rainer , Ali Salah H. R. , Hoeschen Christoph
Published: April 2022

There is a continuous need for innovative biomaterials with advanced properties to meet the biomechanical requirements of orthopedic implants and interventional devices. Recent research findings show that using material composites leads to significantly improved properties, which are beneficial for medical applications. Therefore, this work aims at studying polymer‐polymer composites of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), which were mixed with and without reinforcement of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in two steps. An extensive characterization workflow including mechanical tensile tests, tribological performance, and surface characteristics was used to analyze the reinforced polymer‐polymer composite samples. The results of the mechanical tests showed that the developed MWCNT‐reinforced samples achieved better performance, due to a higher yield point that is the highest in the sample with 48.5% HDPE‐50% UHMWPE‐0.5% MWCNTs, a higher value in the hardness test peaking in the sample with 49.5% HDPE‐50% UHMWPE‐0.5% MWCNTs, and a lower friction coefficient in HDPE‐UHMWPE‐MWCNTs samples. Overall, the reinforcement of polymer‐polymer composites with MWCNTs led to a significant improvement of the material characteristics required for the designated use in orthopedic implants and interventional biopsy needles, which will lead to improved clinical results.
Preoperative Hyponatremia Indicates Complicated Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Symeonidis Nikolaos G. , Pavlidis Efstathios T. , Psarras Kyriakos K. , Stavrati Kalliopi , Nikolaidou Christina , Marneri Alexandra , Geropoulos Georgios , Meitanidou Maria , Andreou Emili , Pavlidis Theodoros E.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency. Early detection of patients with complicated appendicitis leads to prompt surgical management and better outcome. This study investigated the relationship between the severity of acute appendicitis and the presence of preoperative hyponatremia. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical files of adult patients operated on for acute appendicitis over a 6-year period. Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium level of ≤135 mEq/L. Patients were classified into complicated appendicitis and noncomplicated appendicitis according to operative findings and/or histopathology reports. Results. A total of 129 patients were identified and included in this study. Complicated appendicitis was found more frequently in female patients and older patients. Hyponatremia was found significantly more frequently in patients with complicated appendicitis (

p
<
0.001

) and also in patients with perforation than without perforation (

p
=
0.047

). Conclusions. The present study demonstrated that preoperative hyponatremia is associated with complicated appendicitis. Serum sodium levels, a routine, low-cost laboratory test, could act as an accessory marker aiding surgeons in earlier identification of gangrenous or perforated acute appendicitis.
Wireless Sensor Network Security Based on Improved Identity Encryption
Authors: Zhou Hao , Bi Haochang
Published: April 2022

In order to protect network information security and improve the security of wireless sensor networks, based on chaotic systems, we propose a wireless sensor algorithm based on improved identity encryption. First, the basic principle of chaotic system mapping is specifically analyzed; the two chaotic mapping systems are rectified to obtain the hybrid chaotic mapping system according to the demand of wireless sensing network. After that, an encryption framework and key are designed and the hybrid mapping system is applied to the encryption framework to encrypt the data. In this way, the length of the encryption algorithm is lengthened and the defensibility of the encrypted content is improved. Finally, the performance of the proposed encryption algorithm is tested in terms of information entropy, statistical methods, and ciphertext randomness. The test results show that compared with other encryption algorithms, the running speed of the encryption algorithm proposed in this paper is only 18.51 ms, which is faster than that of other encryption algorithms, and the memory consumption is only 27%, which is much lower than that of other algorithms. It can be seen that the proposed encryption algorithm has strong encryption effect and superior algorithm performance for data encryption in wireless sensor networks.
Joint Decoding Order and Power Allocation Design for a NOMA-Based Overlay Cognitive Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Relay Network
Authors: Liu Rui , Guo Kefeng , An Kang , Zhu Shibing , Shuai Haifeng
Published: April 2022

Due to the shortage of spectrum resources, a nonorthogonal multiple access- (NOMA-) based overlay cognitive integrated satellite-terrestrial relay network is established in this paper, where cognitive radio (CR) and NOMA scheme are utilized to enhance spectral efficiency. In this system, a secondary terrestrial transmitter assists the transmission of primary signal and transmits its own signal simultaneously. To maximize the achievable rate of a secondary network on the premise of ensuring the quality of service of primary network, the decoding order and power allocation are jointly optimized. Particularly, we first derive the optimal power allocation factor for a given decoding order. After searching all different decoding orders, the globally optimal joint design of the decoding order and power allocation is obtained. To gain deep insights, the exact and asymptotic expressions for outage probability of both primary and secondary networks are derived. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy of our derivation and indicate the impacts of key parameters on the proposed system.
Isthmin 1 is Expressed by Progenitor-Like Cells in the Lung: Phenotypical Analysis of Isthmin 1+ Hematopoietic Stem-Like Cells in Homeostasis and during Infection
Authors: Rivera-Torruco Guadalupe , Martínez-Mendiola Carolina A. , Angeles-Floriano Tania , Jaimes-Ortega Gustavo Alberto , Maravillas-Montero José Luis , García-Contreras Rodolfo , González Yolanda , Juárez Esmeralda , Nava Porfirio , Ortiz-Navarrete Vianney , Medina-Contreras Oscar , Licona-Limón Paula , Valle-Rios Ricardo
Published: April 2022

The process by which blood cells are generated has been widely studied in homeostasis and during pathogen-triggered inflammatory response. Recently, murine lungs have been shown to be a significant source of hematopoietic progenitors in a process known as extramedullary hematopoiesis. Using multiparametric flow cytometry, we have identified mesenchymal, endothelial, and hematopoietic progenitor cells that express the secreted small protein Isthmin 1 (ISM1). Further characterization of hematopoietic progenitor cells indicated that ISM1+ Lineage- Sca-1+ c-kit+ (ISM1+ LSK) cells are enriched in short-term hematopoietic stem cells (ST-HSCs). Moreover, most Sca-1+ ISM1+ cells express the residence marker CD49a, and this correlated with their localization in the extravascular region of the lung, indicating that ISM1+ cells are lung-resident cells. We also observed that ISM1+ cells express TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9, and, in a mouse model of sepsis induced by P. aeruginosa, we observed that all the LSK and ISM1+LSK cells were affected. We conclude that ISM1 is a novel biomarker associated with progenitor-like cells. ISM1+ cells are involved in the response to a bacterial challenge, suggesting an association between ISM1-producing cells and dangerous inflammatory responses like sepsis.
Energy Flow Analysis of High-Frequency Flexural Vibration of Wedge Beam Structures
Authors: Xie Miaoxia , Zhang Peng , Zhu Minghui , Gao Fengwei , Li Lixia , Li Ling , Li Yueming
Published: April 2022

Wedge members with variable thickness are widely used in ship structures, aerospace structures, and building structures. Considering their application scenarios, their high-frequency vibration characteristics have important research value. Energy finite element analysis (EFEA) is a powerful tool to predict high-frequency vibration response. EFEA is essentially applying finite element analysis to solve the energy density governing equation. However, the equation for wedge beam is missing. Energy flow analysis aims to obtain energy density governing equation. The energy flow model of wedge beam with variable thickness is established in this paper. Firstly, according to the geometric acoustic approximation method, the general displacement solution of the bending deformation equation for a wedge beam is deduced. Furthermore, the wave dispersion relation of bending deformation of wedge beam is derived. Then, the relationship between the time-averaged vibration energy density and energy flow of the wedge beam is also derived. Also, the governing equation taking energy density as a variable of the wedge beam structure is derived through the energy balance relationship in the microelement body. The governing equation is numerically solved, and the energy density distribution on the wedge beam structure is calculated. Finally, the energy density distribution of uniform beam and wedge beam under the same excitation is analyzed and summarized; the influence of different excitation frequencies and power exponent of thickness change on the performance of wedge beam structure is also summarized. Geometrically, the wedge beam satisfies the one-dimensional acoustic black hole structure. The calculation results show that the energy density on the beam structure increases with the decrease of thickness and reaches its maximum near the tip. The wedge acoustic black hole beam structure has a good energy absorption effect with a frequency between 250 Hz and 2000 Hz. With the further increase of excitation frequency, the energy absorption effect of the wedge beam structure has dropped significantly.
Endodontic Management of Mandibular Second Premolar with Vertucci Root Canal Configuration Type V
Authors: Shah Shahzad Ali
Published: April 2022

The diversity of root canal anatomy in permanent dentition is quite common. Understanding the basic anatomy of the root canal morphology and its variations is particularly important for successful root canal treatment. Mandibular second premolar usually consists of a single root with a single root canal. The presence of split roots in the apical third of the root with two separate root canals is quite rare. The major cause of endodontic failure in missed canals is that it harbors bacteria and other microorganisms. Careful radiographic interpretation and clinical examination of the pulp chamber will be helpful in locating canal orifices. The mandibular premolars with Vertucci type V canal configuration pose a challenge in clinical management. Identifying them early is important to aid appropriate modification in treatment protocol. In this case report, important modifications of clinical steps and application of magnification for successful management with access chamber modification are explained.
Design of an Effective Archive Management System with a Compression Approach for Network Information Technology
Authors: Li Juan
Published: April 2022

Due to the recent advances of Internet and information technologies, massive quantity of archive data gets generated and it becomes difficult to handle it using conventional techniques. Archive management is the field of management related to the maintenance and utilization of archives, once they have been sent from the client to the repository. The drastic increase in the size of archive data necessitates effective storage schemes, which can be accomplished by the use of data compression approaches. Generally, data compression techniques are used for reducing the count of data being saved from a system or network without compromising the data quality. With this motivation, this study designs an effective archive storage system with a compression approach for network management (EASS-CANM). The major intention of the EASS-CANM technique is to archive the textual and image data effectively in its compact form in order to reduce the storage area. In the context of archive management, the EASS-CANM technique might be considered a successful instrument. The proposed EASS-CANM technique involves a two-stage process: textual data compression and image compression. At the initial stage, neighborhood indexing sequence (NIS) with the Prediction by Partial Matching (PPM) technique was applied for textual data compression. Secondly, fruit fly optimization (FFO) with modified Haar wavelet (MHW) is used for effective image compression where the optimal threshold selection process takes place utilizing the FFO technique. We improved the Haar wavelet filtering process in order to preserve higher image quality and clarity (MHW). With the introduction of MHW, a new transformation is made possible, allowing for improved compression outcomes as well as improved PSNR and CR values. In order to demonstrate the improved outcomes of the EASS-CANM approach, a series of simulations are performed utilizing a benchmark dataset. The experimental results reported the supremacy of the EASS-CANM technique on existing approaches. The benchmark dataset is used to conduct a wide range of studies to see whether the EASS-CANM approach improves archival efficacy. According to the full comparative result analysis, the EASS-CANM strategy is more effective than existing approaches in terms of numerous evaluation criteria. Therefore, the EASS-CANM technique can be used effectively in the administration of archives.
Optimized Collagen Extraction Process to Obtain High Purity and Large Quantity of Collagen from Human Perirenal Adipose Tissue
Authors: Lee Eun Hye , Chun So Young , Lee Jun Nyung , Yoon Bo Hyun , Chung Jae-Wook , Han Man-Hoon , Kwon Tae Gyun , Ha Yun-Sok , Kim Bum Soo
Published: April 2022

There is growing interest in human adipose tissue‐derived collagen as a replacement for animal origin or synthetic materials. Large amounts of adipose tissues around the kidney are being discarded after kidney surgery; thus, we planned to use this tissue as a potentially ideal source of human collagen. Optimization of the collagen extraction process can contribute to the quality, quantity, supply, and cost of collagen production. To extract highly purified and concentrated collagen from human perirenal adipose tissue, we developed a novel extraction process that is superior to the conventional methods in terms of extraction yield, in vitro cytocompatibility, and physicochemical aspects. The sequence of the process and optimized conditions are as follows: (1) destaining with 0.5% H2O2 for 1 h at 4°C, (2) noncollagenous proteins elimination with 1.5 M NaOH for 24 h at 4°C, (3) atelocollagen preparation with 1.0% pepsin for 48 h at 25°C, and (4) collagen hydrolysis with 1.0 M NaOH for 10 min at 60°C. The final product showed significantly increased hydroxyproline (355.26 ± 18.71 pg/mL) and glycine (22.752 μg/mL) content than the conventional acetic acid hydrolyzed collagen (164.13 ± 1.11 pg/mL and 0.947 μg/mL, respectively). The lyophilized collagen showed more specific peaks for amides A, B, I, II, and III on FT‐IR analysis and showed a further native architecture of collagen fibrils in scanning electron microscope images. Therefore, the optimized process can be an effective protocol for extracting collagen from human perirenal adipose tissue.
H

∞

Fault Estimation and Fault-Tolerant Control for T-S Fuzzy Systems with Actuator and Sensor Faults Using Sliding Mode Observer
Authors: Dhahri Slim , Ben Alaïa Essia , Ben Hmida Faycal , Sellami Anis
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the problems of the robust fault estimation (FE) and fault-tolerant control (FTC) for the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems with unmeasurable premise variables (PVs) subject to external disturbances, actuator, and sensor faults. An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode observer (SMO) with estimated PVs is designed to reconstruct the state, actuator, and sensor faults simultaneously. Compared with the existing results, the proposed observer is with a wider application range since it does not require the knowledge of the upper bound of faults that some FE methods demand. Based on the FE information, a dynamic output-feedback fault-tolerant controller (DOFFTC) is designed to compensate the effect of faults by stabilizing the closed-loop systems. By using the

H

∞

filtering method, sufficient conditions for the existence of the proposed SMO and DOFFTC are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) optimization. Finally, a nonlinear inverted pendulum system is given to validate the proposed methods.
Processing Agroindustry By-Products for Obtaining Value-Added Products and Reducing Environmental Impact
Authors: Almaraz-Sánchez Iván , Amaro-Reyes Aldo , Acosta-Gallegos Jorge Alberto , Mendoza-Sánchez Magdalena
Published: April 2022

Over four billion tons of foods are produced annually on the planet, and about a third is wasted. A minimal part of this waste is incinerated or sent to landfills for treatment, avoiding contamination and diseases; the rest is disposed of elsewhere. The current review was aimed at broadening the panorama on the potential of agroindustrial by-products in applications such as biofuels, biomaterials, biocompounds, pharmaceuticals, and food ingredients. It also exposes the main chemical, physical, and biochemical treatments for converting by-products into raw materials with added value through low environmental impact processes. The value of agroindustrial waste is limited due to the scarce information available. There is a need for further research in unexplored areas to find ways of adding value to these by-products and minimizing their contamination. Instead of throwing away or burning by-products, they can be transformed into useful materials such as polymers, fuels, antioxidants, phenols, and lipids, which will effectively reduce food waste and environmental impact.
Multigraph Convolutional Network Enhanced Neural Factorization Machine for Service Recommendation
Authors: Gao Wei , Wu Jian
Published: April 2022

With an increasing number of web services on the Web, selecting appropriate services to meet the developer’s needs for mashup development has become a difficult task. To tackle the problem, various service recommendation methods have been proposed. However, there are still challenges, including the sparsity and imbalance of features, as well as the cold-start of mashups and services. To tackle these challenges, in this paper, we propose a Multigraph Convolutional Network enhanced Neural Factorization Machine model (MGCN-NFM) for service recommendation. It first constructs three graphs, namely, the collaborative graph, the description graph, and the tag graph. Each graph represents a different type of relation between mashups and services. Next, graph convolution is performed on the three graphs to learn the feature embeddings of mashups, services, and tags. Each node iteratively aggregates the information from its higher-order neighbors through message passing in each graph. Finally, the feature embeddings as well as the description features learned by Doc2vec are modeled by the neural factorization machine model, which captures the nonlinear and higher-order feature interaction relations between them. We conduct extensive experiments on the ProgrammableWeb dataset, and demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art factorization machine-based methods in service recommendation.
FOXP3 Contributes to TMZ Resistance, Prognosis, and Immune Infiltration in GBM from a Novel Pyroptosis-Associated Risk Signature
Authors: Liang Lu , Yan Bin , Liu Yueying , Jiang Shiyao , He Hua , Huang Jingjing , Liu Wenbin , Xie Li
Published: April 2022

Background. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death, playing a significant role in cancer. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor. The poor prognosis in GBM due to temozolomide (TMZ) resistance has been widely discussed. Such being the case, the correlation between TMZ resistance and pyroptosis is seldom investigated. On this basis, this paper aims to explore the potential prognostic value of genes related to TMZ resistance and pyroptosis as well as their relationship to the immune microenvironment in GBM. Methods. A total of 103 patients from TCGA were assigned to a training cohort; 190 from CGGA were assigned to a validation cohort. The prognostic risk model reflecting pyroptosis and TMZ resistance was built from the training cohort using multivariate Cox regression and performed validation. RT-qPCR was used to examine the expression of 4 genes from the risk signature. FOXP3 was selected for overexpression and verified using the western blot. The TMZ IC50 of FOXP3-overexpressed cell lines was determined by CCK8. Results. A four genes-based risk signature was established and validated, separating GBM patients into high- and low-risk groups. Compared with the low-risk group, the high-risk group presented worse clinical survival outcomes. Its differential expressed genes were enriched in immune-related pathways and closely related to the immune microenvironment. Moreover, RT-qPCR results suggested that FOXP3, IRF3, and CD274 were significantly upregulated in TMZ-resistant strains, while TP63 was downregulated. FOXP3-overexpressed GBM cell lines had higher TMZ IC50, implying an increased resistance of TMZ. Conclusion. A novel gene signature relevant to pyroptosis and TMZ resistance was constructed and could be used for the prognosis of GBM. The four genes from the risk model might play a potential role in antitumor immunity and serve as therapeutic targets for GBM.
Table Tennis Capture System Based on Image Recognition and Modeling
Authors: Pang Yajun
Published: April 2022

This article takes table tennis as the research object, mainly extracts a large number of table tennis video trajectories, and combines the kinematic analysis method to reduce the noise of the extracted target to improve the accuracy of the table tennis trajectory and obtain the table tennis trajectory. The parameter group is used to simulate the trajectory of table tennis; based on the MATLAB environment to realize the table tennis trajectory simulation that provides the initial velocity and coordinates, complete the capture of the table tennis drop point. This article uses the two-dimensional information in the image to estimate the parameter values that form the three-dimensional information and then calculates the three-dimensional information based on the estimated parameter values. The unscented Kalman filter is used to estimate the trajectory parameters and rotation parameters of table tennis, and the algorithm for calculating and updating markers in real time is proposed, which reduces the influence of calculation errors on the estimation process and improves the accuracy of parameter estimation. First, establish a table tennis movement model and choose a suitable model to describe the translation and rotation movement of the table tennis. Then, based on the extended Kalman filter algorithm and the unscented Kalman filter algorithm, the ball flight trajectory estimation algorithm is established. Finally, an actual image acquisition system is built to collect trajectory information and surface information images from the actual table tennis movement. Processing is performed to obtain the positions of the center of the ping pong ball and the marked points on the corresponding sensors. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively estimate the trajectory, linear velocity, and angular velocity parameters of a table tennis ball, and the selection of the initial value has little effect on the algorithm.
Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhou Haitao , Dong Aishu , Xu Xiaoqing , Zhu Jianing , Shi Bowen
Published: April 2022

Objective. To determine the impact of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation administered through WeChat on exercising resilience and life quality in aged people with heart failure (HF). Methods. We conducted prospective cohort study that included 80 heart failure patients who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from June 2018 to September 2020, 80 patients with heart failure. Patients were grouped according to their use of WeChat for rehabilitation. WeChat cohort provides remote supervision of rehabilitation and nursing guidance through WeChat. Specifically, the findings below were predetermined and compared across treatment groups utilizing analysis of variance corrected for baseline levels of the end measure and location: changes in the length of cardiopulmonary exercise tests, peak VO2, the proportion of predicted maximum VO2, and variation in the distance covered during the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) assessment. Comparison of negative emotions between two groups, a Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Survey Short Form-36 (SF36) at baseline and at month 2. Results. In contrast with the control cohort, the WeChat cohort did not show any significant differences in general data (

P

 > 0.05). After the rehabilitation, the WeChat group has a notably higher level in 6MWD than in the control group. Prior to the rehabilitation, there were no statistical gaps between the two cohorts in terms of SAS and SDS scores (

P

 > 0.05). Even though the two cohorts saw a decline in SAS and SDS scores following nursing, the observation cohort indicated a much relatively low level in contrast with the control cohort (

P

 < 0.05). The comparison of the SF-36 scores between the two cohorts revealed no significant differences (

P

 > 0.05). Following nursing, the scores of the two cohorts declined significantly, with the control cohort scoring far lower than the other (

P

 < 0.05). Conclusions. In summary, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation via WeChat is very beneficial for HF patients who are at a stable phase of the disease. It may substantially improve patients’ exercise stamina, reduce adverse emotions, boost patients’ quality of life, and have significant clinical relevance.
Species-Specific Gene, spt5, in the Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Boletus reticulatus
Authors: Lei Zhan , Zhang Chen , Li Yinjiao , Yi Lunzhao , Shang Ying
Published: April 2022

Boletus reticulatus is a wild edible fungus with high nutritional value in Yunnan Province. In this study, B. reticulatus was used as the research object to diagnose the species characteristics. A commercial kit was used to extract the DNA of various fungi, and the quality of DNA was determined by using universal fungus primers. Through sequence alignment, the spt5 gene was selected as the species-specific gene of B. reticulatus. This gene was then qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by PCR. In the qualitative detection, the spt5 amplification products were only found in B. reticulatus which proved its good specificity. Meanwhile, SYBR Green I based quantitative PCR results were highly sensitive, and the limit of detection was 0.04 ng of genomic DNA. These experiments illustrated that spt5 is an ideal species-specific gene for the quantitative and qualitative detection of B. reticulatus. This method is also suitable for the analysis of the processed samples of B. reticulatus and the determination of the adulteration of edible wild mushrooms.
Prognostic Significance of Bone Metastasis in Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients Receiving Palliative Systemic Therapy: An Explorative, Retrospective Pooled Analysis of the EORTC-Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group (STBSG) Database
Authors: Kantidakis Georgios , Litière Saskia , Gelderblom Hans , Fiocco Marta , Judson Ian , van der Graaf Winette T.A. , Italiano Antoine , Marréaud Sandrine , Sleijfer Stefan , Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Messiou Christina , Kasper Bernd
Published: April 2022

Background. Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) constitute a rare group of heterogeneous mesenchymal tumours containing more than 100 histologic subtypes. Here, we investigate whether, and if so, to what extent, skeletal metastases affect the outcome of patients with advanced or metastatic disease. Materials and Methods. Selected patients participated in five clinical trials of EORTC-STBSG. Individuals were included if they started treatment with an active drug and had advanced/metastatic STS. The endpoints of interest were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Univariate and multivariate pooled analyses (after correcting for 12 covariates) were employed with Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression to model the impact of bone metastasis at presentation per treatment line stratified by study. For the subset of patients with bone metastasis, the impact of another metastatic organ site was explored with multivariate Cox regression models. Results. 565 out of 1034 (54.6%) patients received first-line systemic treatment for locally advanced or metastatic disease. Bone metastases were present in 140 patients (77 first-line, 63 second-line or higher). The unadjusted difference in OS/PFS with or without bone metastasis was statistically significant only for first-line patients. For OS, the adjusted hazard ratios for bone metastasis presence were 1.33 (95%-CI: 0.99–1.78) and 1.11 (95%-CI: 0.81–1.52) for first-line/second-line or higher treated patients, respectively. Likewise, the adjusted hazard ratios for PFS were 1.31 (95%-CI: 1.00–1.73) and 1.07 (95%-CI: 0.80–1.43). Effects were not statistically significant, despite a trend in first-line patients for both endpoints. Subgroup analyses indicated bone and lymph node metastasis as the most detrimental combination for OS and bone and lung metastasis for PFS. Conclusions. Adult STS patients receiving palliative systemic therapy with bone metastasis carried an overall worse prognosis than STS patients without bone metastases. Skeletal metastasis was detrimental for both OS and PFS, independent of the treatment line. Findings may have implications for the management of these patients.
Synergetic Control Strategy of Front-End Speed Regulation Wind Turbine (FESRWT) for Fault Ride through
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Dong Haiying , Liu Jun , Lin Xiaojun , Sun Zhiqiang
Published: April 2022

A synergetic control method is proposed to improve the fault ride through capability of front-end speed regulation wind turbine (FESRWT). In case of three-phase short-circuit fault and single-phase grounding fault, this method can accelerate the attenuation of stator flux transient component and restrain the fluctuation of rotor speed, make generator produce large reactive power which will provide more reactive power support for power grid, and improve the fault ride through capability of FESRWT. By dynamic analysis of the proposed algorithm, the large range stability constraint condition satisfying the fault ride through is obtained, and the parameter range satisfying the condition is solved by Monte Carlo method. Taking 2 MW FESRWT as an example, the control strategy is verified and analyzed. Simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the fault ride through performance of FESRWT.
Resource Integration of Cultural and Creative Industries Using Data Mining Technology
Authors: Zhang Jie , Guo Hongbao
Published: April 2022

The development of the cultural industry is now at the top of its national plan. When it comes to the development of the cultural industry, the most important thing is to speed up the transformation of commercial cultural institutions into businesses. This will help to rebuild the market players in the cultural industry, as well as integrate the social resources involved in the development of the cultural industry, form the advantages of resource combination, and build a platform for the cultural industry to grow. It is a good idea to have a system and mechanism in place to help the cultural industry grow, as well as a social environment and an undertaking carrier. Data resources can help drive the integration of resources in our country’s cultural and creative industries, as well as the optimization of industrial structure, intelligent transformation, and total growth. People who work in the cultural industry can predict rough data and get the essence out. They can calmly and objectively make decisions about data, and they can use data speed and diversity to drive content creation, communication innovation, and consumption upgrades in the cultural industry. In this study, large cultural businesses lead the way when it comes to integrating cultural industry resources based on data mining. Cultural industry parks are the places where clusters of businesses are built. To make a cultural industry chain, it looks at what customers do not say about their needs and looks at the resources in the industry to make sure it is a good fit. The government should help cultural businesses by making it easier for them to do business. This will help our country’s cultural industry be more competitive.
Convolution Neural Network-Based Sensitive Security Parameter Identification and Analysis
Authors: Kim Hyunki , Kim Donghyun , Yi Okyeon
Published: April 2022

When the logic of a pseudo-random number generator is followed by standards, the security of the generator depends on the entropy sources used in the seed construction, which are constructed through noise sources; thus, the noise sources are extremely important in cryptographic applications. The operation process of a cryptographic random number generator can be divided into an entropy collection stage and a pseudo-random number generation stage. To ensure the security, the noise sources used to construct the entropy source must be securely collected. If a cryptographic analyst physically acquires a cryptographic module in the form of a black box, it may be possible to predict the cryptographic random number to be used in the future by analyzing the random number generation process of the module. Thus, even if the cryptographic algorithms and protocols are securely designed and implemented without vulnerabilities, if the random number generation process is analyzed, the cryptographic system may be exposed. Noise sources can be identified through information generated when they are collected. If the noise sources can be identified during the stage of collecting sources that provide unpredictability to the cryptographic module during random number generation, future values may be predicted according to the data characteristics. We identify noise sources that are used as entropy sources with our convolution neural network model. Therefore, we establish attack scenarios in which random numbers can be analyzed by identifying data used in the model learned through this study when a random cryptographic module is obtained.
Pharmaceutical Assessment of Melia azedarach Gum as a Binder and Disintegrant in Immediate-Release Tablets
Authors: Owusu Frederick William Akuffo , Boakye-Gyasi Mariam El , Johnson Raphael , Osei Yaa Asantewaa , Asante Emmanuel , Bruce Otu Desmond Asamoah , Ansong Julia Afrakoma , Entsie Philomena , Bayor Marcel Tunkumgnen
Published: April 2022

Excipients are components other than active ingredients that are added to pharmaceutical formulations. Naturally sourced excipients are gradually gaining preeminence over synthetically sourced excipients due to local availability and continuous supply. This study aimed to investigate the binding and disintegrating characteristics of gum extracted from the bark of Melia azedarach tree. The bark of Melia azedarach was harvested from Kwahu Asasraka in Ghana. The gum was extracted with ethanol (96%), and the percentage yield, phytochemical constituents, and flow characteristics were assessed. As a disintegrant, the gum was utilized to formulate granules at varying concentrations of 5% w/w and 10% w/w using starch as the standard. The gum was also utilized to prepare granules at varying concentrations of 10% w/v and 20% w/v as a binder, with tragacanth gum serving as the reference. Eight batches of tablets were produced from the granules. The formulated tablets from each batch were then subjected to quality control testing, which included uniformity of weight, friability, disintegration, hardness, drug content, and dissolution tests, respectively. Tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and glycosides were identified in the Melia azedarach gum. The gum had a percentage yield of 67.75% and also exhibited good flow properties. All tablets passed the uniformity of weight, friability, disintegration, hardness, dissolution, and drug content tests, respectively. According to the findings of the study, Melia azedarach gum can be utilized as an excipient in place of tragacanth and starch as a binder and disintegrant, respectively, in immediate-release tablets.
Vibration and Acoustic Radiation of Stiffened Plates Subjected to In‐Plane Forces
Authors: Sun Yonggan
Published: April 2022

This study is devoted to vibration and acoustic radiation of stiffened plates in the presence of in‐plane normal and shear loads using the finite element method. In structural modelling, the plate and stiffeners are treated as separate elements and the strain and kinetic energies of the stiffened plate with an elastic boundary are introduced. The results show good agreement with those obtained using other methods. Parametric studies show that in‐plane normal forces have obvious influences on the acoustic radiation efficiency and the sound power level of the structure. Furthermore, the position of in‐plane normal forces warrants attention; e.g., the farther the boundary in‐plane normal forces from the boundary constraint are, the greater the effect on the acoustic performance is. However, in‐plane edge shear loading has little influence on the acoustic performance of structures.