bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise da capacidade de infiltração para atenuação de alagamento em um ponto crítico na cidade do Recife
Authors: Parisi Suellem Attila , Soares Willames de Albuquerque , Rosa Filho Cícero de Deus
Published: July 2020

A crescente urbanização de Recife (PE) acarreta em uma diminuição das áreas naturais permeáveis, aumento do escoamento superficial, redução na recarga das águas subterrâneas e geração de alagamentos que, embora pontuais, ocasionam diversos transtornos à população. Esse cenário, juntamente com a deficiência no sistema de drenagem local, cria a necessidade de estudos de técnicas sustentáveis para minimizar os impactos dos eventos chuvosos. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi estimar o comportamento hidrodinâmico de um solo da cidade do Recife utilizando registros reais de precipitação, a fim de verificar seu potencial de infiltração na atenuação de alagamentos e seus consequentes benefícios para o abastecimento do fluxo subterrâneo próximo a um ponto de alagamento. Para isso, foi escolhida a área coberta por solo natural adjacente a um local crítico em época chuvosa. As características hidrodinâmicas do solo foram estimadas a partir da metodologia Beerkan. No software Hydrus 1D, as simulações foram realizadas com os dados meteorológicos do mês de julho de 2000 e consideraram a situação mais desfavorável de infiltração, ou seja, menor condutividade hidráulica saturada obtida (Ks = 0,0047 mm/s). As simulações mostraram a influência de Ks nos resultados que evidenciaram que o solo possuía uma boa capacidade drenante a curto e médio prazo, conforme as análises diárias e mensal, além de ter se observado benefícios para o abastecimento humano e para as obras civis devido a ocorrência da recarga do nível freático.
Phantom Epistasis in Genomic Selection: On the Predictive Ability of Epistatic Models
Authors: Schrauf Matías F , Martini Johannes W R , Simianer Henner , de los Campos Gustavo , Cantet Rodolfo , Freudenthal Jan , Korte Arthur , Munilla Sebastián
Published: July 2020

Genomic selection uses whole-genome marker models to predict phenotypes or genetic values for complex traits. Some of these models fit interaction terms between markers, and are therefore called epistatic. The biological interpretation of the corresponding fitted effects is not straightforward and there is the threat of overinterpreting their functional meaning. Here we show that the predictive ability of epistatic models relative to additive models can change with the density of the marker panel. In more detail, we show that for publicly available Arabidopsis and rice datasets, an initial superiority of epistatic models over additive models, which can be observed at a lower marker density, vanishes when the number of markers increases. We relate these observations to earlier results reported in the context of association studies which showed that detecting statistical epistatic effects may not only be related to interactions in the underlying genetic architecture, but also to incomplete linkage disequilibrium at low marker density (“Phantom Epistasis”). Finally, we illustrate in a simulation study that due to phantom epistasis, epistatic models may also predict the genetic value of an underlying purely additive genetic architecture better than additive models, when the marker density is low. Our observations can encourage the use of genomic epistatic models with low density panels, and discourage their biological over-interpretation.
Improved Reference Genome forCyclotella crypticaCCMP332, a Model for Cell Wall Morphogenesis, Salinity Adaptation, and Lipid Production in Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)
Authors: Roberts Wade R , Downey Kala M , Ruck Elizabeth C , Traller Jesse C , Alverson Andrew J
Published: July 2020

The diatom, Cyclotella cryptica, is a well-established model species for physiological studies and biotechnology applications of diatoms. To further facilitate its use as a model diatom, we report an improved reference genome assembly and annotation for C. cryptica strain CCMP332. We used a combination of long- and short-read sequencing to assemble a high-quality and contaminant-free genome. The genome is 171 Mb in size and consists of 662 scaffolds with a scaffold N50 of 494 kb. This represents a 176-fold decrease in scaffold number and 41-fold increase in scaffold N50 compared to the previous assembly. The genome contains 21,250 predicted genes, 75% of which were assigned putative functions. Repetitive DNA comprises 59% of the genome, and an improved classification of repetitive elements indicated that a historically steady accumulation of transposable elements has contributed to the relatively large size of the C. cryptica genome. The high-quality C. cryptica genome will serve as a valuable reference for ecological, genetic, and biotechnology studies of diatoms.
speck, First Identified in Drosophila melanogaster in 1910, Is Encoded by the Arylalkalamine N-Acetyltransferase (AANAT1) Gene
Authors: Spana Eric P , Abrams Amanda B , Ellis Katharine T , Klein Jason C , Ruderman Brandon T , Shi Alvin H , Zhu Daniel , Stewart Andrea , May Susan
Published: July 2020

The pigmentation mutation speck is a commonly used recombination marker characterized by a darkly pigmented region at the wing hinge. Identified in 1910 by Thomas Hunt Morgan, speck was characterized by Sturtevant as the most “workable” mutant in the rightmost region of the second chromosome and eventually localized to 2-107.0 and 60C1-2. Though the first speck mutation was isolated over 110 years ago, speck is still not associated with any gene. Here, as part of an undergraduate-led research effort, we show that speck is encoded by the Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (AANAT1) gene. Both alleles from the Morgan lab contain a retrotransposon in exon 1 of the RB transcript of the AANAT1 gene. We have also identified a new insertion allele and generated multiple deletion alleles in AANAT1 that all give a strong speck phenotype. In addition, expression of AANAT1 RNAi constructs either ubiquitously or in the dorsal portion of the developing wing generates a similar speck phenotype. We find that speck alleles have additional phenotypes, including ectopic pigmentation in the posterior pupal case, leg joints, cuticular sutures and overall body color. We propose that the acetylated dopamine generated by AANAT1 decreases the dopamine pool available for melanin production. When AANAT1 function is decreased, the excess dopamine enters the melanin pathway to generate the speck phenotype.
Lingualized Occlusion – A Hope for Prosthodontist : Case Report
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Singh Dhall Rupinder , Singhal Jagriti , Rakheja Bhawna
Published: July 2020

As we all know that the success of complete denture restoration depends on the occlusion given in the specific patient, as occlusion plays a major role in retention, stability, support of the denture.  Occlusion is a very fine and complex topic to be taken into consideration while fabricating a complete denture.Occlusion has a considerable influence on the outcome of every Prosthodontic treatment modality. There are various occlusalschemes in the literature foe complete denture fabrication, but none of the one accepted universally. In patients with resorbed ridges, special care is to be taken for fabrication of complete denture occlusion, as there is less retention, stability and support. In order to overcome these problems lingualizedocclusal scheme has gained favor. So the success of a stable denture depends more on the occlusal scheme given on the denture.
Local Anesthesia - Solution to Pain : An Overview
Authors: Jaan Asima , Munshi Rudhra , Sareen Kriti , Parmar Ekta , Thakur Purnima , Anindita Anannya
Published: July 2020

Local anesthetics have been used clinically for more than a century, but new insights into their mechanisms of action and their interaction with biological systems continue to surprise researchers and clinicians alike. Local anesthetics must traverse several tissue barriers to reach their site of action on neuronal membranes. In particular, the perineurium is a major rate-limiting step. Previously it was assumed that patients are rarely allergic to local anesthetic agents, but variation in individual patient’s response to local anesthetics is larger than previously assumed .adjuncts available to block sensory nerver are there, but these typically also prolong motor block.
The economic resilience of the Spanish provinces: From recession to recovery
Authors: Villaverde José , Maza Adolfo
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the economic resilience of Spanish provinces and help to explain why some of them are much more resilient than others. To do so, the paper focuses on the recent, 2007–2009 economic crisis and computes a composite indicator (Resilience) made up of two sub-indicators: one for the recession period (Drop) and the other for the recovery period (Rebound). Then, it suggests some factors affecting resilience and, due to the presence of spatial dependence, applies a spatial econometric approach to assess them. The main conclusions are that the level of Resilience depends negatively on the shares of the construction and manufacturing sectors in GDP, and positively on the share of services and the openness degree. As for the Drop, it is important to stress that human capital emerges as a variable that has contributed to minimise the negative effect of the crisis.
A CORPUS-BASED EXPLORATION INTO LEXICAL BUNDLES IN INTERPRETING
Authors: LI YANG , HALVERSON SANDRA L.
Published: July 2020

Explicitation, or sometimes increased “explicitness” has attracted considerable attention within translation studies in past decades. The present study employs lexical bundles (LBs) automatically retrieved from a consecutive interpreting corpus to demonstrate the complexity involved in determining the causal factors that may account for this phenomenon. The analysis of the ST‒TT descriptive data demonstrates three regular patterns involved in LB introduction into and recurrence in the interpreted texts, namely, simple addition, repetitive addition and quasi-repetitive addition. By considering the additions of LBs in context, we may illustrate the complexity of possible causation involved.
RE-DOMESTICATION, REPATRIATION , AND ADDITIONAL DOMESTICATION, IN CULTURAL BACK-TRANSLATION
Authors: KLAUDY KINGA , HELTAI PÁL
Published: July 2020

This paper describes the distinctive features of cultural back-translation. This term is employed here to refer to the translation of source texts into a target language from which most or all of the culture-specific elements of the source text were drawn. It makes an attempt to provide a systematic analysis of the distinctive features of this type of translation with special reference to the concepts of domestication and foreignization. The findings show that cultural back-translation is necessarily domesticating, or more precisely, re-domesticating. Re-domestication has several types: re-domestication proper, repatriation and additional domestication. Domesticating and foreignizing strategies work out differently in cultural back-translation: domestication does not mean adjustment to a different culture but restoring the original cultural context. In re-domestication the distribution of translation strategies used is different from those used in domestication and the purpose and effects of various strategies are different. The whole process from text composition to back-translation may be described as a process of double domestication. It is claimed that while domestication in general reduces readers’ processing effort by sacrificing some contextual effects, redomestication reduces processing effort and at the same time may increase contextual effects. It is concluded that the study of cultural back-translation is worthy of more serious attention and further lines of inquiry are suggested.
AN ICY FORCE BOTH FOUL AND FAIR: THE THEME OF LOVE VERSUS FEAR IN THE DUTCH DUBBED VERSION OF DISNEY’S FROZEN
Authors: REUS TIM
Published: July 2020

This study compares the songs from the original, English-language version of the 2013 Disney filmFrozento those of the Dutch dubbed version, investigating how the thematic representation of love and fear differ between these versions. To support this inherently qualitative analysis, this study employs the triangle of aspects, an analytical model that identifies certain aspects and variables central to animated musical film dubbing, allowing a quantification of differences between dubbed versions. It is found that the dubbed songs differ most strongly from the original songs in the verbal code, which covers issues such as semantic sense and register, and least in the musical code, which concerns matters of rhyme scheme, rhythm, and singability. The effects of the changes are a slight backgrounding of the theme of love versus fear: whereas the source version presents and explores a clear dichotomy between love and fear, the dubbed version concentrates more on love as the ultimate goal of life, eliminating much of the importance of fear. These results show that quantitative data can be useful in qualitative analyses, presenting an important step in the development of the field of animated musical film dubbing within translation studies.
FIKTÍV KÖLCSÖNSZERZŐDÉSEK AZ AGORANOMOSOK GYAKORLATÁBAN
Authors: NEMES SZILVIA
Published: July 2020

A görög jogon alapuló hellenisztikus Egyiptom szerződési gyakorlatában a halasztott adásvételi szerződések egy sajátos konstrukciójaként emlegetik az ún. fi ktív kölcsönszerződéseket. Amíg a római jog jól ismertún. konszenzuálszerződéseiről, ekként az adásvételről (emptio venditio), ahol a halasztott adásvételi konstrukciók is peresíthetőek, addig a görög jog mindvégig megmaradt a készvételnél, és ehhez képest csak pótlólagos megoldásokat alkalmazott. Ezen megoldások egyikét jelentették az ún. fi ktív kölcsönszerződések (συγγραϕὴ δανείου), amelyeknél – miként Fritz Pringsheim hangsúlyozza – amennyiben az eladó meghitelezte a vevőnek a vételárat, és az adásvételt kölcsönnek „álcázta”, a vétel alapján nem, de a kölcsön alapján perelhet. Több dokumentum is fennmaradt, amely ezt a gyakorlatot tanúsítja, ugyanakkor a legújabb papirológiai kutatások eredményeként ezen okiratok közül némelyek felülvizsgálatra szorulnak a tekintetben, hogy milyen szerződést is tartalmaznak.
JELLEMÁBRÁZOLÁS KRITOBULOS TÖRTÉNETI MŰVÉBEN
Authors: TÓTH IVÁN
Published: July 2020

Jelen tanulmányban Michaél Kritobulos jellemábrázolási módszereit elemzem. Azt vizsgálom, hogy a bizánci történetíró munkájában található jellemleírások milyen kapcsolatban, illetve kölcsönhatásban vannak a szöveg stílusával és bizonyos szerkezeti sajátosságaival, valamint hogy a szerző honnan merített szereplői jellemének megrajzolásánál. A dolgozatban választ keresek arra a kérdésre is, hogy milyen célt szolgáltak a történeti szereplők jellemábrázolásaiban előforduló nyelvi formulák.
A SZÓTÁRÍRÁS FERRARAI MŰHELYÉBEN
Authors: BOLONYAI GÁBOR
Published: July 2020

A tanulmány egy ókori eredetű görög–latin szótár, az ún. Pseudo-Kyrillos egyik XV. századi példányát elemzi, melyet a Cambridge University Libraryben őriznek Kk. v. 12 jelzettel. A cikk szövegkritikai eszközökkelkel igyekszik elhelyezni a befejezetlenül maradt példányt a szöveghagyományban, és feltárni a szótár keletkezésének körülményeit, időpontját és helyét.
Cholecystectomia során bekövetkező epeútsérülések ellátása
Authors: Keczer Bánk , Csuja Nándor , Fülöp András , Pekli Damján , Harsányi László , Hritz István , Szijártó Attila
Published: July 2020

Absztrakt:

A laparoszkópos cholecystectomia (LC) a leggyakrabban végzett műtétek egyike. A
beavatkozás ritka, ugyanakkor nagyon súlyos szövődménye az epeúti sérülés.
Célunk az LC, valamint laparoszkópos kezdés után konvertált műtétek során
bekövetkezett epeúti sérülések és szövődményeik, valamint ezek ellátásának
vizsgálata volt.

Vizsgálatainkat a Semmelweis Egyetem I. sz. Sebészeti Klinikáján 2006–2016 között
epehólyag-eltávolításra került betegek dokumentációjának retrospektív
elemzésével végeztük.

Tizenegy év alatt 4 885 cholecystectomiát végeztünk. Ebből 4 558 (93,3%)
laparoszkópos műtét, melyből 30 betegnél fordult elő valamilyen szövődmény, ami
az összes LC 0,66%-a. A konvertált műtétek közül 7,95%-ban (26/327) lépett fel
szövődmény. Más intézményből 22 szövődményes beteget utaltak Klinikánkra.
Epeút-, illetve érsérülés 41 esetben fordult elő (61%, 41/78). Epeúti sérülés
ellátása során 25 esetben került sor epeúti intervencióra (ERCP), 92%-os siker
aránnyal. Reoperációra az epeúti sérült betegek 68%-nál volt szükség (28/41),
melynek során a végleges epeúti rekonstrukció 82%-ban hepaticojejunostomia
segítségével történt.

Következtetés: A laparoszkópos cholecystectomia a XXI. században
is rutin beavatkozásának tekinthető, ugyanakkor a szövődmények terápiás
megoldása továbbra is nehéz. A szövődményes esetek ellátása csak nagy
gyakorlatú, multidiszciplináris háttérrel rendelkező intézményekben javasolt.
Az első száz minimálisan invazív tüdőlebeny-eltávolítás eredményei osztályunk beteganyagában
Authors: Kovács Károly , Oláh Csaba , Füstös László , Fülep Zoltán , Cserni Gábor , Sikorszki László
Published: July 2020

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés: Közleményünkben ismertetjük a 2013–2019 közötti
időszakban osztályunkon minimálisan invazív módszerrel (video-assisted thoracic
surgery – VATS) elvégzett tüdőlobectomiák során szerzett tapasztalatainkat,
eredményeinket. Betegek és módszer: 2013. november 1. és 2019.
június 30. közötti időszakban osztályunkon 112 VATS lobectomiát végeztünk. A
műtéteket izolált intubációval altatott betegeken elülső behatolás technikával
végeztük. 98 betegnél malignus, 9 betegnél benignus elváltozás miatt történtek a
műtétek. 10 esetben a műtét utáni szövettani diagnózis metasztázis volt. 78
férfi és 34 nőbetegen végeztük a műtéteket. A betegek átlagéletkora 60,5 (42–63)
év volt. Az eltávolított lebenyek megoszlása a következő volt: bal felső: 5, bal
alsó: 36, Jobb felső: 15, középső: 11, jobb alsó: 44, pulmonectomia: 1.
Eredmények: Műtéti halálozás nem volt. Konverzióra 3
alkalommal kényszerültünk. Az átlagos műtéti idő 150 (70–215) perc volt.
Reoperációt 2 betegnél végeztünk, vérzés, légáteresztés miatt. A 112 műtét során
88 betegnél primer tüdőrák, 9 betegnél jóindulatú elváltozás/gyulladás miatt
történt a műtét. 10 esetben más szerv tumora miatti metasztázis miatt végeztük a
beavatkozásokat. A primer tüdőrák miatt végzett műtétek stádium szerinti
megoszlása a szövettani eredmények alapján a következő volt: I.a: 57, I.b: 22,
II.a: 6, II.b: 3. A szövettani típus szerinti megoszlás: adenocarcinoma: 52,
laphámrák: 23, kissejtes carcinoma: 2, nagysejtes carcinoma: 5, carcinoid: 6
volt. Következtetés: Osztályunkon a szükséges tanuló időszak
után a VATS lobectomia megfelelő indikáció szerint rutin műtéti eljárássá vált.
Jelenleg mellkasi műtéteink 65%-a, a lobectomiák több mint 50%-a VATS
technikával történik. Eredményeink az országos és az irodalmi adatoknak
megfelelnek.
Singularity measurement in the Cyber-physical and intelligent robot systems laboratory
Authors: Erdei Timotei István , Husi Géza
Published: July 2020

In the building mechatronics research centre of University of Debrecen, Faculty of Engineering, a new laboratory has been designed, named “Cyber-physical and intelligent robot systems laboratory”. The possibility to design and test unique and platform-independent systems was among the main goals, hoping that the system itself and its advancements may later be used in manufacturing industries as well.

Fulfilling the needs of “Industry 4.0” is a challenging task, as it requires every single device (e.g. industrial robots) to be connected to the same network, where they may be monitored and controlled. However, there are some factors that limit this, such as the periodical “instability” that some machines have, caused by singularity points.

The following material studies these so-called singularities of a KUKA KR5 industrial welder robot placed in a robot cell, from an engineering viewpoint.
Application of viscoelastic dampers for reducing dynamic response of high-speed railway bridges
Authors: Tahiri Mohamed , Khamlichi Abdellatif , Bezzazi Mohammed
Published: July 2020

Due to the extensive development of high-speed railway lines which are operating at increasing velocities, the dynamic performance of railway bridges has become an important issue of scientific research. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of reducing the vertical acceleration and displacement of pre-stressed reinforced concrete bridges beams by using passive nonlinear viscoelastic dampers to retrofit them. The proposed solution is based on connecting the dampers directly to the abutments and the bottom surface of the bridge deck with an eccentricity between the neutral axis of the bridge and the contact point of the viscoelastic dampers. First, the dampers are modeled through the concept of linearized fractional derivatives to obtain energetic equivalent linear viscoelastic dampers. Optimization of the configuration of these dampers was performed then as function of the orientation angle and the eccentricity. Considering two bridges having different length that were studied in the literature with other systems of damping, it was found that the best orientation angle of dampers is close to 60°. It was found also that, in order to satisfy Eurocode 1 requirements, the total equivalent damping coefficient for the actual damping system is less than half of that required for systems using auxiliary beam to fix dampers, which indicates higher efficiency of the proposed solution.
Industry 4.0 from a few aspects, in particular in respect of the decision making of the management
Authors: Török László
Published: July 2020

The fourth industrial revolution, often identified as the terminology of Industry 4.0, more and more enforces changes and modifications from each participant of the socio-economic ecosystem. These enforced corrections concern the households, the governmental areas in different degrees, but the operation of the company sectors is rearranged most strongly by them. The study analyses this latter structure in the following respect: which are the most important supports of Industry 4.0 and what kind of competency elements are required from the employees and the management? According to the research data to be introduced, the domestic companies lag behind in preparations for the challenges raised by Industry 4.0; the international experiences are more favourable in this field. After—partial—review of the professional literature, the author concludes that the business sphere is in a condition before paradigm shift due to Industry 4.0. As per the analysis of decision-making based on digitalization, the question in the subtitle is answered—Industry 4.0 does not change fundamentally the traditional management functions of the company sector, but the decision-supporting applications based on digitalization must be learnt and applied. That statement seems to be founded that only company management, being able to live with decision making based on digitalization, can win competitive advantage.
The role of rural areas in the preservation of health
Authors: Novák Norbert , Kőmíves Péter Miklós , Harangi-Rákos Mónika , Pető Károly
Published: July 2020

The role of rural areas partly changed in the last decades. The countryside is still functioning as the main food producer of the world and this role became much more important because of the global population growth and because of the change in dietary habits. But other rural functions appeared just like recreation, health preservation, and on the other hand the different ecological functions' importance increased. The population living in the countryside is continuously decreasing as more and more people try to move into urban areas. One of the main aims of this article is to give a brief literature overview on the services needed in the rural areas in order to stop migration from the countryside to the cities. Based on extensive literature review the article summarizes the changing functions of the countryside and tries to list those developments which are needed to preserve rural population.
Control of air flow temperature and pressure in the pipelines with PID
Authors: Şahin Yıldırım , Göçer Abdullah
Published: July 2020

Today, the use of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control units continues in many control applications due to their simple structure. In areas such as pressure, temperature, flow control, PID control element is used and many new methods are applied in adjusting control parameters. In this study, the LTR 701 Controlled Airflow and Temperature Experimental System was used to study the temperature and pressure control at different flow rates in the pipelines. In this control system, temperature was controlled with PID control element, pressure was controlled with PI control element, and reaction of control parameters at different temperatures and pressures were investigated. Also, temperature was controlled as cascade with PI element in elementary controller and P element in secondary controller. The manual adjustment method has been applied to adjust the control parameters. In addition, the experimental system is modelled in MATLAB-SIMULINK. On this model, simulation results showed that it is matching the experimental results.
A hybrid method technique for design and optimization of Formula race car exhaust muffler
Authors: Mohamad Barhm , Karoly Jalics , Zelentsov Andrei , Amroune Salah
Published: July 2020

In this work a multilevel Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis has been applied for the design of a Formula race car exhaust muffler with improved characteristics of sound pressure level (SPL) and fluid dynamic response. The approaches developed and applied for the optimization process range from the 1D to fully 3D CFD simulation, exploring hybrid approaches based on the integration of a 1D model with 3D tools. Modern mufflers typically have a complex system of chambers and flow paths. There are a variety of sound damping and absorbing mechanisms working to quiet the sound flowing through a muffler and piping system. Two calculation methods were selected for this study. The muffler has a complex inner structure containing perforated pipe and fiber material. Computer-aided design (CAD) file of the muffler was established for developing Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model in AVL BOOST v2017 and another commercial advanced design software (SolidWorks 2017). FEA model was made to monitor the flow properties, pressure and velocity. After the model was verified, sensitivity studies of design parameters were performed to optimize the SPL of the muffler. The software analysis results are included in the paper. Recommendations are made for obtaining smoother SPL curves for various measurement methods.
Processing and analyzing psychophysiological data using NI DIAdem software
Authors: Torma David , Gyori Gyula , Sarvajcz Kornil
Published: July 2020

The research team has developed a complex system that is capable to record and analyse various psychophysiological data. This article represents the program created in NI DIAdem which can automatically identify illnesses and generate reports based on the input and saved parameters. The created program can import data from different types of file formats. It is converted and saved in a new standardized format for further processing. It can play-back the processed data synchronized with adjustable speed, and visualize them on customized display areas. It can analyse the data based on the input parameters and the pre-defined mathematical equations. The program displays the input and calculated parameters, the results and the detected illnesses on automatically generated reports.
Key features of intra-EU labour mobility and its impact from a sending country perspective: Addressing the consequences in Hungary
Authors: Fóti Klára , Takács Tibor
Published: July 2020

The main characteristics of intra-EU labour mobility are well documented. There is less focus, however, on the pattern of mobility of the East European (EU-13) EU-mobile citizens. This group constitutes more than half (57%) of all the EU movers and show, to some extent, other features than the rest of the EU mobile citizens (EU-15). The first part of this paper gives a brief overview of some key demographic and labour market characteristics of the East European mobile citizens in the most important destination countries. The perspectives of the sending countries are not analysed frequently enough, and thus the second part of the paper focuses on this issue in the case of Hungary, by asking to what extent the serious labour shortages, ensuing from the outflow of Hungarians, could be compensated by the recent increase of immigration of third country nationals. Using OECD data, the paper quantifies the balance of labour gains and losses for Hungary and compares this with Czechia, Poland, and Slovakia. The analysis concludes that despite the substantial recent inflow of third country nationals into Hungary, it remains to be seen whether this has a real substitution effect for the lost domestic labour force.
Combined effects of acute exercise and hypoxia on memory
Authors: Jung M. , Brizes I. , Wages S. , Ponce P. , Kang M. , Loprinzi P.D.
Published: July 2020

No previous studies have evaluated the potential combined effects of acute exercise and acute hypoxia exposure on memory function, which was the purpose of this study. Twenty-five participants (Mage = 21.2 years) completed two laboratory visits in a counterbalanced order, involving 1) acute exercise (a 20-min bout of moderate-intensity exercise) and then 30 min of exposure to hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.12), and 2) exposure to hypoxia alone (FIO2 = 0.12) for 30 min. Following this, participants completed a cued-recall and memory interference task (AB/AC paradigm), assessing cued-recall memory (recall 1 and recall 2) and memory interference (proactive and retroactive interference). For cued-recall memory, we observed a significant main effect for condition, with Exercise + Hypoxia condition having significantly greater cued-recall performance than Hypoxia alone. Memory interference did not differ as a function of the experimental condition. This experiment demonstrates that engaging in an acute bout of exercise prior to acute hypoxia exposure had an additive effect in enhancing cued-recall memory performance.
Salivary dysfunction caused by medication usage
Authors: Einhorn O.M. , Georgiou K. , Tompa A.
Published: July 2020

A considerable number of patients arriving in dental offices are being treated with ongoing medication for a variety of chronic diseases. As a result, dentists must be familiar with the potential side effects these therapeutic agents may have on the tissues of the oral cavity, and in particular on the salivary gland. Salivary gland function may be altered by a wide range of medications, leading to effects such as xerostomia, hyposalivation, hypersalivation or even swelling of the glands. These disorders can cause a variety of other health complications. This review will focus on the most common groups of drugs responsible for salivary gland dysfunction, including psychoactive drugs, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihypertensives, and antihistamines.
Growth factors in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Focus on preserving right ventricular function
Authors: Csósza G. , Karlócai K. , Losonczy G. , Müller V. , Lázár Z.
Published: July 2020

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and progressive disease, characterized by increased vascular resistance leading to right ventricle (RV) failure. The extent of right ventricular dysfunction crucially influences disease prognosis; however, currently no therapies have specific cardioprotective effects. Besides discussing the pathophysiology of right ventricular adaptation in PAH, this review focuses on the roles of growth factors (GFs) in disease pathomechanism. We also summarize the involvement of GFs in the preservation of cardiomyocyte function, to evaluate their potential as cardioprotective biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in PAH.
Prenatal urban traffic noise exposure impairs spatial learning and memory and reduces glucocorticoid receptor expression in the hippocampus of male rat offspring
Authors: Sajjadi F.S. , Aghighi F. , Vahidinia Z. , Azami-Tameh A. , Salami M. , Talaei S.A.
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Exposure to noise stress during early life may permanently affect the structure and function of the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of prenatal exposure to urban traffic noise on the spatial learning and memory of the rats' offspring and the expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in their hippocampi.

Methods

Three g\roups of pregnant rats were exposed to recorded urban traffic noise for 1, 2 or 4 h/day during the last week of pregnancy. At the age of 45 days, their male offspring were introduced to the Morris water maze (MWM) for assessment of spatial learning and memory. The corticosterone levels were measured in the offspring's sera by radioimmunoassay, and the relative expression of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) in their hippocampi was evaluated via RT-PCR.

Results

Facing urban traffic noise for 2 and 4 h/day during the third trimester of pregnancy caused the offspring to spend more time and to travel a larger distance than the controls to find the target platform. Analogously, these two groups were inferior to their control counterparts in the probe test. Also, prenatal noise stress elevated the corticosterone concentration in the sera of the rats' offspring and dose-dependently decreased the relative expression of the mRNA of both GRs and MRs in their hippocampi.

Conclusions

Urban traffic noise exposure during the last trimester of pregnancy impairs spatial learning and memory of rat offspring and reduces GRs and MRs gene expression in the hippocampus.
T cell responses to an HLA-A2-restricted adipophilin peptide correlate with BMI in patients with atherosclerosis
Authors: Kalantar K. , Farzaneh Z. , Eshkevar Vakili M. , Karimi M.H. , Asadi M. , Khosropanah S. , Doroudchi M.
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease causing a vast array of cardiovascular diseases. Adipophilin has been reported to be highly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions. This study investigated the possible existence of auto-reactive T cells against an HLA-A02-restricted adipophilin-derived peptide as well as peptides from Epstein-barr virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and influenza (Flu) virus in patients with atherosclerosis.

Methods

HLA-A02 expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was examined by flow cytometry. PBMCs from HLA-A02 individuals were stimulated with adipophilin, CMV, EBV, and Flu peptides at a concentration of 10 µM. Interferon (IFN)-γ production was evaluated in the culture supernatant using a commercial ELISA test.

Results

The levels of IFN-γ production against an HLA-A02-restricted adipophilin peptide and peptides from CMV, EBV, and Flu revealed no statistically significant differences between patients and healthy controls. However, we found a positive correlation between IFN-γ production against adipophilin and Body mass index (BMI) of patients (R = 0.8, P = 0.003), whereas no significant correlation was found in healthy controls (R = −0.267, P = 0.378). No correlation between BMI and IFN-γ production against CMV, EBV, or Flu peptides was found.

Discussion

Atherosclerotic patients with higher BMIs might have greater numbers of T cells against adipophilin that is highly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, autoimmune reactions may have a greater role in the development of atherosclerosis in individuals with higher BMI.
Combined therapies with exercise, ozone and mesenchymal stem cells improve the expression of HIF1 and SOX9 in the cartilage tissue of rats with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Asadi Sara , Farzanegi Parvin , Azarbayjani Mohammad Ali
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common type of degenerative joint disease which decreases the quality of life. Sex-determining region Y box 9 (SOX9) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1) are considered as the key regulators of OA. We investigated the effect of combined therapies with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), ozone (O3) and exercise training on SOX9 and HIF1 expression in the cartilage of rats with knee OA.

Methods

Knee OA was induced by surgical method. OA rats were divided into model, MSCs, ozone, exercise, MSCs + ozone, MSCs + exercise, ozone + exercise and MSCs + ozone + exercise groups. Rats in the MSCs group received intraarticular injection of 1 × 106 cells/kg. Rats in the ozone group received O3 at the concentration of 20 μg/mL, once weekly for 3 weeks. Rats in the exercise group were trained on rodent treadmill three times per week. 48 hours after the programs, cartilage tissues were isolated and the expression of SOX9 and HIF1 was determined using Real-Time PCR.

Results

Significant differences were found in the expression of SOX9 and HIF1 between groups (P < 0.0001). Although combined therapies with exercise, MSCs and O3 significantly increased the expression of SOX9 and HIF1 in the cartilage tissue of rats with knee OA, combination of exercise with O3 was significantly more effective compared to the other combined therapies (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Combined therapy with exercise, MSCs and O3 significantly increased the expression of SOX9 and HIF1 genes in the cartilage of rats with knee OA; however, exercise + O3 was significantly more effective.
The gastroprotective effect of obestatin on indomethacin-induced acute ulcer is mediated by a vagovagal mechanism
Authors: Şen Leyla Semiha , Özdemir Kumral Zarife Nigar , Memi Gülsün , Ercan Feriha , Yeğen Berrak C. , Yeğen Cumhur
Published: July 2020

In order to investigate the role of the vagus nerve in the possible gastroprotective effect of obestatin on the indomethacin-induced acute oxidative gastric injury, Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were injected subcutaneously with indomethacin (25 mg/kg, 5% NaHCO3) followed by obestatin (10, 30 or 100 μg/kg). In other sets of rats, surgical vagotomy (Vx) or selective degeneration of vagal afferent fibers by perivagal capsaicin was performed before the injections of indomethacin or indomethacin + obestatin (30 μg/kg). Gastric serosal blood flow was measured, and 4 h after ulcer induction gastric tissue samples were taken for histological and biochemical assays. Obestatin reduced the severity of indomethacin-induced acute ulcer via the reversal of reactive hyperemia, by inhibiting ulcer-induced neutrophil infiltration and lipid peroxidation along with the replenishment of glutathione (GSH) stores, whereas Vx abolished the inhibitory effect of obestatin on blood flow and lipid peroxidation, and worsened the severity of ulcer. On the other hand, serosal blood flow was even amplified by the selective denervation of the capsaicin-sensitive vagal afferent fibers, but obestatin-induced reduction in ulcer severity was not altered. In conclusion, the gastroprotective effect of obestatin on indomethacin-induced ulcer appears to involve the activation of the vagovagal pathway.
The role of age in post-cardiac arrest therapy in an elderly patient population
Authors: Kovács E. , Pilecky D. , Szakál-Tóth Z. , Fekete-Győr A. , Gyarmathy V.A. , Gellér L. , Hauser B. , Gál J. , Merkely B. , Zima E.
Published: July 2020

Aim

We investigated the effect of age on post-cardiac arrest treatment outcomes in an elderly population, based on a local database and a systemic review of the literature.

Methods

Data were collected retrospectively from medical charts and reports. Sixty-one comatose patients, cooled to 32–34 °C for 24 h, were categorized into three groups: younger group (≤65 years), older group (66–75 years), and very old group (>75 years). Circumstances of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), patients' characteristics, post-resuscitation treatment, hemodynamic monitoring, neurologic outcome and survival were compared across age groups. Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test and binary logistic regression (BLR) were applied. In addition, a literature search of PubMed/Medline database was performed to provide a background.

Results

Age was significantly associated with having a cardiac arrest on a monitor and a history of hypertension. No association was found between age and survival or neurologic outcome. Age did not affect hemodynamic parameter changes during target temperature management (TTM), except mean arterial pressure (MAP). Need of catecholamine administration was the highest among very old patients. During the literature review, seven papers were identified. Most studies had a retrospective design and investigated interventions and outcome, but lacked unified age categorization. All studies reported worse survival in the elderly, although old survivors showed a favorable neurologic outcome in most of the cases.

Conclusion

There is no evidence to support the limitation of post-cardiac arrest therapy in the aging population. Furthermore, additional prospective studies are needed to investigate the characteristics and outcome of post-cardiac arrest therapy in this patient group.
Aspirin protects human coronary artery endothelial cells by inducing autophagy
Authors: Chen J. , Wang L. , Liu W.H. , Shi J. , Zhong Y. , Liu S.J. , Liu S.M.
Published: July 2020

Although the use of aspirin has substantially reduced the risks of cardiovascular events and death, its potential mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In a previous study, we found that aspirin triggers cellular autophagy. In the present study, we aimed to determine the protective effects of aspirin on human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and explore its underlying mechanisms. HCAECs were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), angiotensin II (Ang-II), or high glucose (HG) with or without aspirin stimulation. The expression levels of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), p-eNOS, LC3, p62, phosphor-nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB), p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK), and Beclin-1 were detected via immunoblotting analysis. Concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were measured via ELISA. NO levels were determined using the Griess reagent. Autophagic flux was tracked by tandem mRFP-GFP-tagged LC3. Results showed that aspirin increased eNOS level and reduced injury to the endothelial cells (ECs) caused by ox-LDL, Ang-II, and HG treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Aspirin also increased the LC3II/LC3I ratio, decreased p62 expression, and enhanced autophagic flux (autophagosome and autolysosome puncta) in the HCAECs. p-NF-κB and p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition, sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 secretion, and eNOS activity promotion by aspirin treatment were found to be dependent on Beclin-1. These results suggested that aspirin can protect ECs from ox-LDL-, Ang-II-, and HG-induced injury by activating autophagy in a Beclin-1-dependent manner.
Trust and Discourse: Organizational Perspective Edited by Katja Pelsmaekers, Geert Jacobs, and Craig Rollo (2014)
Authors: Wang Xueyu
Published: July 2020

Trust and Discourse: Organizational Perspective Edited by Katja Pelsmaekers, Geert Jacobs, and Craig Rollo (2014) John Benjamins
Requests by Chinese EFL learners and native speakers of English
Authors: Meng Jing , Szczepek Reed Beatrice
Published: July 2020

Language learners’ requesting behaviour has been the focus of pragmatic research for some time, including that of Chinese EFL learners, who constitute a large proportion of English speakers globally. The present study replicates elements of Wang (2011), focusing on the use of formulaic expressions and exploring the differences between advanced Chinese EFL learners and native speakers of English with regard to the use of request formulae. The study also investigates whether significant exposure to the target language in country is connected to a more native-like use of request formulae. Wang’s Discourse Completion Task was adopted to elicit request utterances from three groups of participants: advanced Chinese EFL learners studying in China (at home students) and in the UK (study abroad students), respectively, and native speakers of British English. The findings show that, although in some respects study abroad students in the UK employed request formulae in a more native-like manner compared to at home students in China, neither group showed close approximation to the request behaviour of the native speaker group. The findings are discussed in the context of current debates, including interlanguage variations, interactional competence, and native speaker norms and intelligibility.
Pathological verbal repetition by Chinese elders with Dementia of Alzheimer’s Type
Authors: Zhu Lin , Huang Lihe
Published: July 2020

Verbal repetition has been acknowledged as one of the most common symptoms in early Dementia of Alzheimer’s Type (DAT). Despite previous attempts, the applicability of verbal repetition as an essential linguistic marker indicating this disease remains unexplored for Chinese DAT patients. This study collects Chinese DAT patients’ daily conversation data to investigate both structural and functional aspects of pathological verbal repetition. Three major types are set regarding the cases of pathological repetition, respectively ‘unconscious concept repetition’, ‘perseveration’, and ‘involuntary word repetition’. The analysis focuses on what features these repetitions have from the perspective of ‘ideational function’, ‘interpersonal function’, and ‘textual function’ within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. A better understanding of pathological verbal repetition by DAT elders as the linguistic markers of cognitive impairment promotes effective communication between patients, nursing staff, and family members.
A discursive pragmatic approach to the third person pronoun ta in Chinese computermediated communication
Authors: Sluchinski Kerry
Published: July 2020

This study examines the persuasive discourse of institutional accounts on Sina Weibo which contains the genderless non-standard third person pronoun ta written in the Roman alphabet instead of standard Chinese characters. Mandarin Chinese originally used the single character (ta) to refer to the third person ‘he’, ‘she’, and ‘it’, which later gave way to three separate written ‘standard’ forms: ta ‘he’, ta ‘she’, and ta ‘it’ all with the same pronunciation. From a discourse analysis perspective, the study incorporates the ‘three-move structure’ textual analysis methodology to shed light on both contemporary language use and one of the most under-studied interpersonal dialogic practices in Chinese computer-mediated communication: ta. The research shows that the environments in which ta appears are associated with two main goals: (1) generating monetary profit and (2) generating engagement with services/ideologies.
The role of pragmatics in the diagnosis of dementia
Authors: Cummings Louise
Published: July 2020

Dementia is a large and growing public health problem that poses considerable economic and social challenges to many countries around the world. The emphasis of clinical intervention is to delay the onset of severe functional limitations that are associated with poor outcomes and large health and social care costs. For this to be possible, however, clinicians must achieve earlier diagnosis of the condition than is currently the case. I argue that pragmatic language abilities hold promise as early behavioural markers of cognitive impairment. This article describes some empirical work on the search for pragmatic markers of early cognitive impairment in 27 English-speaking participants with neurodegenerative disorders. With one exception, none of the participants had received a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Yet, their performance in discourse production tasks suggested they were experiencing early disruption of pragmatic language skills that had been masked in some cases by compensatory strategies.
Pragmatic Identity: How to Do Things with Words of Identity Xinren Chen (2018)
Authors: Ning Puyu
Published: July 2020

Yuyong shenfen: ruhe yong shenfen huayu zuoshi Pragmatic Identity: How to Do Things with Words of Identity Xinren Chen (2018) Beijing Shifan Daxue chubanshe