bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PELAYANAN JASA DAN PENERAPAN AKAD PADA BNI SYARIAH MAKASSAR
Authors: Risaldi Risaldi , Maloko M. Thahir , Intan Cahyani Andi
Published: July 2021

AbstrakPelayanan jasa dan penerapan akad pada BNI Syariah Makassar belum sepenuhnya menerapkan prinsip syariah,  jika ditinjau dari hukum Islam dalam hal ini sistem pelayanan jasanya tidak terdapat unsur-unsur yang menyalahi atau bertentangan dengan prinsip syariah dengan pelayanan cepat dan akurat artinya tidak ada spekulasi didalamnya, akan tetapi dalam penerapan akadnya jika ditinjau dari hukum Islam masih ada beberapa praktik penerapan akad yang melanggar ketentuan syariah dimana masih ada unsur riba, maysir dan kezaliman didalamnya seperti langka lelang sepihak dari pihak BNI Syariah Makassar yang mencederai prinsip al-hururriyat atau kebebasan dalam berkontrak dan dalam akad pembiayaan masih memakai metode historical cost jika diteliti terdapat unsur riba diidalamnya karena keuntungan terikat oleh waktu. Implikasi dari penelitian ini ialah 1) harapan nasabah dalam pelayanan jasa pada BNI Syariah Makassar tetap terjaga keakuratan, dalam pelaksanaannya tetap mengikuti aturan syariah dan tidak melanggar prinsip-prinsip syariah.2) BNI Syariah Makassar kedepannya diharapkan bisa benar-benar menggunakan sistem syariah secara kaffah/ secara menyeluruh dan dalam penerapan produk-produknya tetap berpedoman pada al-Quran dan hadist.Kata Kunci: Hukum Islam, Pelayanan Jasa, Penerapan Akad. AbstractServices and contract implementation at BNI Syariah Makassar have not fully implemented sharia principles, if viewed from Islamic law, in this case, the service system does not contain elements that violate or conflict with sharia principles with fast and accurate service meaning there is no speculation in it but in the application of the contract when viewed from Islamic law there are still several practices of implementing the contract that violate sharia provisions where there are still elements of usury, maysir and injustice such as the rare unilateral auction from the BNI Syariah Makassar which injures the principle of al-hururriyat or freedom in contracting and in the financing contract still uses the historical cost method if it is examined there is an element of usury in it because profits are time-bound. The implications of this research are 1) the expectations of customers in service services at BNI Syariah Makassar are maintained for accuracy, in implementation they still follow sharia rules and do not violate sharia principles. 2) BNI Syariah Makassar in the future is expected to be able to actually use the syariah system kaffah / as a whole and in the application of its products still adhere to the Koran and hadiths.Keywords: Islamic Law, Implementation Of The Contract, Services.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP SISTEM GADAI SAWAH
Authors: Saputra Randi , Kahfi Ashabul
Published: July 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini adalah bagaimana tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap sistem gadai sawah di Kec. Polongbangkeng Utara Kab.Takalar Jenis penelitian ini tergolong  kualitatif dengan pendekatan penetian yang digunakan adalah : yuridis-normatif dan teologis-normatif. Adapun sumber data penelitian ini adalah iman desa, pemberi gadai (rahin) dan penerima gadai (murtahin). Selanjutnya metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Lalu, teknik pengeloaan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu : reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem pelaksanaan gadai sawah di Desa Balangtanaya pada umumnya penggadai (rahin) mendatangi penerima gadai (murtahin) untuk meminjam uang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dengan sawah sebagai barang jaminan. Hak penguasaan/pemnafaatan sawah berada dipihak penerima gadai atau pihak penggadai tergantung dari kesepakatan sampai pelunasan utang. Pembayaran utang tersebut tidak memiliki batasan waktu, utang tersebut dapat dilunasi ketika pihak penggadai telah memiliki uang. Jika ditinjau dari segi pelaksanaan akadnya telah memenuhi rukan dan syarat gadai. Adapun praktik gadai yang dilakukan tanpa batasan waktu dengan pengambilan manfaat sawah sebagai barang jaminan dikuasai oleh penerima gadai yang terjadi di Desa Balangtanaya dianggap tidak sah menurut Al-Qur’an, Al-Hadits dan Ijma.Kata Kunci : Gadai Sawah, Hukum Islam, Sistem Gadai. AbstractThis research is how The Islamic Law review of the rice field pawn system in subdistrict of Polongbangkeng Utara Regency of Takalar. The type of this research is classified as a qualitative with the research approach used is : Normative Juridical and Normative Theological. The data source from this research is The Village Priest, The Mortage Giver (Rahin) and The Mortage Receiver (Murtahin). Furthermore, the data collection methods that used were observation, interviews and documentation. Then, the management and data analysis techniques are carried out through three stages, namely: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of paddy pawning systems in Balangtanaya Village, in general The Pawners (Rahin) came to the pawn recipient (Murtahin) with the aim of borrowed money to fill the needs and rice fields as collateral. The right to control / use the rice fields is in debt on the part of the mortgagee or the pawnbroker depending on the agreement until payment. The payment of the debt has no time limit, the debt can be paid off when the pledge has had money. The reviewed of the implementation of contract, it has met the pillars and conditions of the mortgage. The practice of pawning is carried out without a time limit by taking benefits from the fields as collateral controlled by a pawn recipient which occurs in Balangtanaya Village is considered invalid according to the Koran, Al-Hadith and Ijma.Keywords: Islamic Law, Paddy Pawn, Pawn System.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP SISTEM GADAI SAWAH
Authors: Riana Riana , Marilang Marilang , Nurjannah Nurjannah
Published: July 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini adalah bagaimana tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap sistem gadai sawah di Kec. Polongbangkeng Utara Kab.Takalar Jenis penelitian ini tergolong  kualitatif dengan pendekatan penetian yang digunakan adalah : yuridis-normatif dan teologis-normatif. Adapun sumber data penelitian ini adalah iman desa, pemberi gadai (rahin) dan penerima gadai (murtahin). Selanjutnya metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Lalu, teknik pengeloaan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu : reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem pelaksanaan gadai sawah di Desa Balangtanaya pada umumnya penggadai (rahin) mendatangi penerima gadai (murtahin) untuk meminjam uang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dengan sawah sebagai barang jaminan. Hak penguasaan/pemnafaatan sawah berada dipihak penerima gadai atau pihak penggadai tergantung dari kesepakatan sampai pelunasan utang. Pembayaran utang tersebut tidak memiliki batasan waktu, utang tersebut dapat dilunasi ketika pihak penggadai telah memiliki uang. Jika ditinjau dari segi pelaksanaan akadnya telah memenuhi rukan dan syarat gadai. Adapun praktik gadai yang dilakukan tanpa batasan waktu dengan pengambilan manfaat sawah sebagai barang jaminan dikuasai oleh penerima gadai yang terjadi di Desa Balangtanaya dianggap tidak sah menurut Al-Qur’an, Al-Hadits dan Ijma.Kata Kunci : Gadai Sawah, Hukum Islam, Sistem Gadai. AbstractThis research is how The Islamic Law review of the rice field pawn system in subdistrict of Polongbangkeng Utara Regency of Takalar. The type of this research is classified as a qualitative with the research approach used is : Normative Juridical and Normative Theological. The data source from this research is The Village Priest, The Mortage Giver (Rahin) and The Mortage Receiver (Murtahin). Furthermore, the data collection methods that used were observation, interviews and documentation. Then, the management and data analysis techniques are carried out through three stages, namely: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of paddy pawning systems in Balangtanaya Village, in general The Pawners (Rahin) came to the pawn recipient (Murtahin) with the aim of borrowed money to fill the needs and rice fields as collateral. The right to control / use the rice fields is in debt on the part of the mortgagee or the pawnbroker depending on the agreement until payment. The payment of the debt has no time limit, the debt can be paid off when the pledge has had money. The reviewed of the implementation of contract, it has met the pillars and conditions of the mortgage. The practice of pawning is carried out without a time limit by taking benefits from the fields as collateral controlled by a pawn recipient which occurs in Balangtanaya Village is considered invalid according to the Koran, Al-Hadith and Ijma.Keywords: Islamic Law, Paddy Pawn, Pawn System.
TINJAUN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP JUAL BELI SECARA DARING (ONLINE) TERHADAP BARANG YANG TIDAK SESUAI DENGAN IKLAN
Authors: Khatimah Khusnul , Erlina Erlina
Published: July 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui untuk mengetahui proses jual beli secara daring (online) yang dilakukan ARS Shop sesuai dengan hukum Islam dan untuk mengetahui sistem pemasaran barang yang dilakukan pada online ASR Shop. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan (field reserch), jenis penelitian ini tergolong kuantitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah: sosiologis. Adapun sumber sumber data penelitian ini adalah Undang-Undang, pemilik usaha, konsumen. Selanjutnya metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah: wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik pengelolaan dan analisis data yang dilakukan adalah dengan 1 tahap, yaitu: 1). Pengelolaan data, penyajian data penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penyimpangan yang tidak sesuai dengan hukum Islam karena ketidak jujuran dari pemilik usaha dan tidak memenuhi rukun dan syarat dari ajaran syariat Islam sendiri, Serta tujuan Owner ARS shop memasarkan gambar yang tidak sesuai dengan iklan untuk menarik perhatian para konsumen untuk membeli barang yang dijualnya dan memiliki banyak keuntungan. Dengan cara ini mereka akan merugikan konsumennya.Kata Kunci: Hukum Islam, Iklan, Jual Beli Online. AbstractThis research was conducted with the aim of knowing to know the online buying and selling process conducted by ARS Shop in accordance with Islamic law and to know the marketing system of goods carried out in the online ASR Shop. This research uses a type of field reserch, this type of research is classified as quantitative with the research approach used is: sociological. The source of this research data source is the Act, business owners, consumers. Furthermore, the methods of data collection used are: interviews, observations, and documentation. While the data management and analysis techniques carried out is by 1 stage, namely: 1). Data management, presentation of data withdrawal conclusions. The results of this study show that there are irregularities that do not comply with Islamic law due to dishonesty from business owners and do not meet the pillars and requirements of islamic sharia teachings themselves, As well as the purpose of Owner ARS shop to market images that do not fit the advertisement to attract the attention of consumers to buy goods that he sells and have many advantages. This way they will harm their consumersKeywords: Advertising, Islamic Law, Online Buying and Selling.
PENERAPAN AKAD WADIAH PADA LAYANAN PRODUK TABUNGAN BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI CABANG MAROS
Authors: Yusuf Muh. , Hasan Hamzah
Published: July 2021

AbstrakPokok masalah dalam penelitian ini mengkaji tentang tinjauan hukum islam terhadap penerapan akad wadiah pada produk tabungan Bank Syariah Mandiri ( Bank Syariah Mandiri Cabang Maros ), Penulis mengambil jenis penelitian adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan  Pendekatan Empiris sejauh mana implementasi hukum yang di jalankan dengan sumber data diperoleh dari data primer yaitu data langsung dari para pihak dalam Bank Syariah Mandiri Cabang Maros sedangkan data sekunder diambil berupa arsip, jurnal, buku dan referensi lainnya yang berkaitan dengan penelitian, Pada Bank Syariah Mandiri cabang Maros dalam penerapan akadwadiah pada produk tabungan sudah sesuai dengan Fatwa DSN MUI 2/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tentang tabungan. Akad wadiah yang diterapkan Bank Syariah Mandiri cabang Maros mengunakan akad wadiah yad dhamanah di mana pihak nasabah dan pihak bank berakad ketika nasabah menggunakan wadiah yad dhamanah maka uang yang ditititpkan akan di kelola pihak Bank Syariah Mandiri Cabang Maros dengan perjanjian nasabah akan diberikan berupa pemberian insentif (bonus) yang tidak diperjanjikan di awal akad yang hanya diketahui oleh pihak bank serta diberikan pelayanan terbaik kepada nasabah.Kata Kunci: Akad Wadiah, Bank Syariah Mandiri, Produk Tabungan. AbstractThe main problem in this study examines the review of Islamic law on the application of wadiah contracts on savings products at Bank Syariah Mandiri (Bank Syariah Mandiri Maros Branch). run with data sources obtained from primary data, namely direct data from parties in Bank Syariah Mandiri Maros Branch while secondary data is taken in the form of archives, journals, books and other references related to research, at Bank Syariah Mandiri Maros branch in the application of akadwadiah on products savings are in accordance with the Fatwa of DSN MUI 2/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 concerning savings. The wadiah contract implemented by Bank Syariah Mandiri Maros branch uses a wadiah yad dhamanah contract where the customer and the bank make an agreement when the customer uses the wadiah yad dhamanah, the money deposited will be managed by the Bank Syariah Mandiri Maros Branch with the customer agreement being given in the form of incentives (benefit) which was not agreed at the beginning of the contract which is only known by the bank and provided the best service to the customer.Keywords: Decision, Marrige Ratification, The Cild Marrige.
O avanço da enfermagem no âmbito emergencial: revisão de literatura
Authors: Pontes Cruz Alice , Nascimento Celeste Lorena Esmeralda , Rodrigues Maia Maiara , Santos Grillo Francisco Paulo dos
Published: July 2021

A unidade de emergência oferece serviços de alta complexidade e diversidade no atendimento à pacientes em situação de risco iminente de vida. As tecnologias avançadas utilizadas neste atendimento nem sempre garantem a qualidade da assistência. Identificar os resultados dos atendimentos de enfermagem na redução de óbitos. Os dados foram coletados, através de analises de artigos acadêmicos através de leituras observou-se à necessidade de discutir sobre a importância do avanço da enfermagem junto aos atendimentos emergenciais como ênfase no embasamento teórico e prático da equipe de enfermagem. O estudo justifica-se diante do desenvolvimento da enfermagem, como fator preponderante na questão da temática enfermagem em emergência como relação ao avanço científico e a qualidade do atendimento para com os pacientes, no contexto acadêmico, junto à diminuição dos altos índices de óbitos na emergência hospitalar.
Cikkismertetés: A blogírás mint egészségműveltségi gyakorlat
Authors: Nagy Gábor Zoltán , Osváth Mátyás
Published: July 2021

Az egészségügyi információk hozzáférésének és elemzésének képességén felül az egészségműveltség magába foglalja az üzenetek különböző formában való közlésének képességét is. Az egészségügyi témákban írt blogok az egészségműveltség növelésének egy módja, ahol az egészségügyi tudás gyarapítása nemcsak az olvasás általi információ "fogyasztását" jelenti, hanem a tudás írásbeli feldolgozását is.
Cikkismertetés: Feladatalapú, csoportos testsúlykezelési program randomizált, kontrollált vizsgálata és gazdasági értékelése
Authors: Wolher Veronika
Published: July 2021

Az elhízás növekvő globális fenyegetést jelent az egészségre nézve, és fő hozzájáruló tényező az egészségegyenlőtlenségekhez. Olyan testsúlyszabályzó programok szükségesek, amelyek hatékonyak, gazdaságosak és elérnek a hátrányos helyzetű rétegekhez is. Az adott vizsgálat során olyan összetett, csoportos intervenciót végeztek, amely hátrányos közösségekből származó ügyfelek számára is alkalmazható volt. Kutatták, hogy ennek a testsúly cselekvési programnak (Weight Action Programme; WAP) jobbak-e az eredményei egy év alatt, mint az alapellátásban alkalmazott alap-testsúlyszabályzási programnak, amelyet a háziorvosok mellett dolgozó ápolók végeznek (Intervention delivered by practice nurses; PNI).
Te vagy az én Hősöm! Történet gyermekeknek gyermekekről és a COVID-19 nevű vírusról
Authors: Bíróné Asbóth Katalin
Published: July 2021

Ezt a kis mesekönyvet gyermekeknek írták, akik világon bárhol találkoznak a koronavírus járvánnyal. A rajzokkal gazdagon illusztrált kedves történetek segítenek a gyermekeknek, hogy az ismeretlen fogalmak, új viselkedésformák számukra a mindennapi gyakorlatban is érthetővé váljanak, ne keltsenek szorongást, sőt inkább pozitív megerősítést kapjanak. A történetet különösen figyelmébe ajánljuk a szülőknek, nagyszülőknek, gondozóknak, vagy óvónőknek, tanároknak, akik a gyermekre, vagy kisebb gyermekcsoportra felügyelnek. A Szerzők javasolják, hogy a gyermekek lehetőleg szülő, gondozó, vagy tanár jelenlétében, tudtával olvassák. Segíthet a feldolgozásban, ha a gyermekek lerajzolják, vagy eljátsszák a történet egyes részeit, esetleg beszélgetnek róla.
Spiritualitás és személyes higiénia
Authors: Molnár András , Ipolyi Dóra
Published: July 2021

Kétség kívüli, hogy a spiritualitás fontos szerepet tölt be az egyének mentális egészsége szempontjából. De vajon milyen hatással van a vallás a fizikai egészségre, és milyen szerepet tölt be a személyes higiéniai magatartásban? Lehet-e szerepe a vallásnak a személyes higiéniára nevelésben, és ha igen, milyen jelentősége lehet a COVID-19 világjárvány tükrében? Tanulmányunkban áttekintjük a spiritualitás és a hit egészséggel kapcsolatos összefüggéseit, amelyek közül kiemeljük a személyes higiéniai szokásokat. Munkánk során a szakirodalmi eredmények és a különböző vallások írásai alapján bemutatjuk a spiritualitás és a higiéné kapcsolatát, ezzel felhívva a figyelmet a hit és az egészség kevésbé reprezentált területére. A kézmosás rítusának középpontba állításával szemléltetjük, hogy a különféle vallásokban milyen módon jelenik meg a COVID-19 világjárvány kapcsán ismét a figyelem középpontjába kerülő kézhigiéné kérdése, és mindennek milyen relevanciája lehet a közegészségügyi intervenciók szempontjából. Ennek megfelelően áttekintésünkben ismertetjük hat vallás: a kereszténység, a zsidó, az iszlám, a hindu, a sinto és a bahái hit kézmosással kapcsolatos rituáléit. Mindezek áttekintését követően javaslatokat fogalmazunk meg, amelyek reflektálnak napjaink multikulturális terében végzett közegészségügyi törekvéseire. Úgy véljük, az egészségnevelésben aktív szerepet vállaló szakemberek számára különösen fontos a kultúra közi érzékenység, valamint klienseik vallási szokásainak ismerete, amely hozzájárulhat programjaik eredményességéhez. A higiénés üzenetek átadásába továbbá érdemes bevonni a vallási vezetőket, akik az érintett vallás rituáléin keresztül is felhívhatják a figyelmet a személyes higiénia fontosságára.
Cikkismertetés: Az egészség és az egészségegyenlőtlenség makrogazdasági meghatározói – átfogó összegzés
Authors: Vitrai József
Published: July 2021

Az egészség társadalmi meghatározói széles körben elismertek, de továbbra sem világos, hogy mi alkotja az egészség makrogazdasági meghatározóit, és mit lehet tenni ezek kezelése érdekében. A témában már korábban megjelent szisztematikus áttekintések átfogó összegzését (umbrella review) végezték el a szerzők a népességszintű makrogazdasági tényezőknek, stratégiáknak, szakpolitikáknak és beavatkozásoknak az egészségre és az egészségegyenlőtlenségekre gyakorolt hatásának azonosításához.
Cikkismertetés: Az egészségműveltség osztályozása mesterséges intelligencia használatával
Authors: Osváth Mátyás
Published: July 2021

A krónikus betegségek (pl. cukorbetegség) kezelése összetett feladat, és gyakori kommunikációt igényel a páciens és az egészségügyi dolgozók között. A hiányos egészségműveltség csökkenti az ellátás eredményességét, ami növeli az állapotromlás, a szövődmények és a halálozás esélyét. A nem megfelelő kommunikáció és csökkent terápiahűség is hozzájárulhat − az egyébként elkerülhető − szenvedéshez és az egészségügyi költségek növekedéséhez.
Cikkismertetés: A gazdaságpolitika népegészségügyi hatása – szisztematikus szakirodalmi áttekintés
Authors: Vitrai József
Published: July 2021

Népegészségügyre vonatkozó következtetések: A döntéshozóknak tisztában kell lenniük azzal, hogy a szociáldemokrata jóléti államokban, valamint azokban az országokban, amelyek többet költenek a közszolgáltatásokra, és alacsonyabbak a jövedelmi egyenlőtlenségek, ott jobb az önértékelt egészség és alacsonyabb a halálozás.
Cikkismertetés: Tényleg 10.000 lépést kell tennünk naponta az egészségünkért?
Authors: Tarkó Klára
Published: July 2021

A megtett napi lépések számának nyomon követese a tapasztalatok alapján sikeres, fizikai aktivitásra motiváló tényezőnek bizonyult a felnőttek körében. A lépésszámláló mobilalkalmazások és okoseszközök széleskörű elterjedése a ’napi lépésszám’ mutatót az ajánlott napi séta mérőszámává és elérendő céljává tette. Ennek következtében alkalmas lehet a mozgásra vonatkozó népegészségügyi ajánlások közvetítő eszközévé válni. De mennyi is az annyi, hány lépés vezet a jobb egészségi állapot elérése és megőrzése felé?
Cikkismertetés: Gyakrabban járunk gyorsétterembe, ha több található belőlük a környéken?
Authors: Devosa Iván
Published: July 2021

Egyre nagyobb figyelmet kap a lakóhely gyorséttermi környezete és az étrend közötti kapcsolat. Mindezek ellenére kevésbé vizsgált terület, hogy az élelmiszer fogyasztásának környezete miért és hogyan befolyásolja magát az élelmiszer-fogyasztást. A tanulmány célja az volt, hogy megvizsgálja a lakóhelyen mennyire befolyásolják a lakóhelyi társadalmi normák a gyorséttermi fogyasztást, azaz hogy mi az összefüggés, a gyorséttermek helyi lakosokra gyakorolt külső hatása és lakosok gyorséttermi fogyasztása között.
Animal Farm—a complex artificial life 3D framework
Authors: Kiss Attila , Pusztai Gábor
Published: July 2021

The development of computer-generated ecosystem simulations are becoming more common due to the greater computational capabilities of machines. Because natural ecosystems are very complex, simplifications are required for implementation. This simulation environment o er a global view of the system and generate a lot of data to process and analyse, which are difficult or impossible to do in nature. 3D simulations, besides of the scientific advantages in experiments, can be used for presentation, educational and entertainment purposes too. In our simulated framework (Animal Farm) we have implemented a few basic animal behaviors and mechanics to observe in 3D. All animals are controlled by an individual logic model, which determines the next action of the animal, based on their needs and surrounding environment.
Improving productivity in large scale testing at the compiler level by changing the intermediate language from C++ to Java
Authors: Farkas Izabella Ingrid , Szabados Kristóf , Kovács Attila
Published: July 2021

This paper is based on research results achieved by a collaboration between Ericsson Hungary Ltd. and the Large Scale Testing Research Lab of Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. We present design issues and empirical observations on extending an existing industrial toolset with a new intermediate language1.

Context: The industry partner’s toolset is using C/C++ as an intermediate language, providing good execution performance, but “somewhat long” build times, o ering a sub-optimal experience for users.

Objective: In cooperation with our industry partner our task was to perform an experiment with Java as a different intermediate language and evaluate results, to see if this could improve build times.

Method: We extended the mentioned toolset to use Java as an intermediate language.

Results: Our measurements show that using Java as an intermediate language improves build times significantly. We also found that, while the runtime performance of C/C++ is better in some situations, Java, at least in our testing scenarios, can be a viable alternative to improve developer productivity.

Our contribution is unique in the sense that both ways of building and execution can use the same source code as input, written in the same language, generate intermediate codes with the same high-level structure, compile into executables that are configured using the same files, run on the same machine, show the same behaviour and generate the same logs.

Conclusions: We created an alternative build pipeline that might enhance the productivity of our industry partner’s test developers by reducing the length of builds during their daily work.
Treatment modality, diabetic control and blood homeostasis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Basra
Authors: Kadhim Sheima N. , Abdullah Asia S. , Sabah Ahmed I.
Published: July 2021

This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between treatment modality, glycemic control and blood homeostasis as represented by prothrombin time (PT) and activated thromboplastin time (APTT) in T2DM patients. Sixty-four type 2 diabetic patients (40 males and 24 females) on metformin or insulin or both for not less than six months of ages between 20 and 75 years were selected during their visit to Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism Centers in two General Hospitals in Basra. Socioeconomic characteristics and treatment plans were recorded. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profiles and hematological parameters measured in blood samples were taken. Lower mean HbA1c (p = 0.0383) was found in patients on metformin alone, higher percentage of hemoglobin was found in patients on insulin treatment, and higher levels of LDL (P = 0.0018) and HDL (P = 0.0241) in patients on metformin and insulin. Treatment manner had no effect on mean PT or APTT, however, there was a significant inverse correlation of PT with LDL (P = 0.0042), and a direct correlation of APTT with HbA1c (p = 0.0209) and an inverse correlation of APTT with platelets count (P = 0.0324) in patients on insulin treatment. In addition, there was a significant direct correlation of APTT with triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.0069) in patients on metformin treatment. In conclusion, lower mean of HbA1c was found only in patients receiving metformin drug alone, higher Hb percentage were found in patients treated with insulin alone, higher LDL and higher HDL levels were found in patients treated with both metformin and insulin for at least six months. Treatment manner had no effect on mean PT or APTT and further studies are needed to bring about understanding of diabetic control and blood homeostasis.
Neurological manifestation of cancer – paraneoplastic syndromes
Authors: Szklener Katarzyna , Mandziuk Slawomir
Published: July 2021

Neurological paraneoplastic syndromes (NPS) belong to a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the nervous system. NPS occur as a result of immunological reaction to the tumor. As a result, the isolated syndrome is formed and manifests itself in many different ways, for example: limbic encephalitis, ataxia, dominant cerebellar degeneration, psychiatric disturbances, myasthenia gravis or diffuse encephalomyelitis. Detection of NPS is solely based on the presence of specific anti-neural antibodies. Although NPS had been previously considered unresponsive to therapy, some research has shown that there are effective therapies, including cancer- and immunotherapy targeted therapies.
Influence of chromium (III), cobalt (II) and their mixtures on cell metabolic activity
Authors: Czarnek Katarzyna , Siwicki Andrzej K.
Published: July 2021

Chromium (III) and cobalt (II) are necessary elements required for the proper functioning of the organism, but their excess can cause toxic effects. They are the basic components of implants and are also commonly used in medicine as components of dietary supplements, vitamin and mineral products and energy drinks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cobalt (II) and chromium (III) and their combination on BJ cells. In the study, BJ cells were exposed to CoCl2 or CrCl3 at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1400 µM, and the cytotoxicity of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and their mixtures was assessed by MTT reduction, LDH release and NRU assays. The outcome of this work reveals the cytotoxic effects of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and their mixtures on BJ cells. In the cytotoxicity assays, at low concentrations of CoCl2 and CrCl3, stimulation of cell proliferation was observed. In higher concentrations, the cell viability decreased for the tested line in all the assays. During the simultaneous incubation of fibroblasts with 200 µM of CrCl3 and 1000 µM of CoCl2, antagonism was observed: chromium (III) at the concentration of 200 µM induced protection from cobalt (II) toxicity; in the case of interaction of chromium chloride at 1000 µm and cobalt chloride at 200 µM, the protective effect of CrCl3 on CoCl2 was not observed. In the latter case, synergism between these elements was noted. Our work indicates that cobalt (II) and chromium (III) show cytotoxic properties. These metals have a destructive effect on the cell membrane, lysosomes and mitochondria, which leads to disorders of cell metabolism.
An educational review on Probiotics
Authors: Uma Karur V. , Sutheeswaran Gunasekaran , Vineth Martin J. , Gujadhur Medha , Moudgil Khayati
Published: July 2021

Probiotics are live microorganisms that appear to provide health benefits when swallowed or introduced to the body. They are present in dairy and other fermented foods, as well as in dietary supplements and cosmetics. While many people still believe bacteria and other microorganisms are harmful “germs”, many are beneficial. Certain bacteria aid in the digestion of food, destroy disease-causing cells and absorb vitamins. Some of the microorganisms found in probiotic products are similar to or identical to those found naturally in our bodies. This article provides sufficient data to support the use of probiotics in a variety of uncommon clinical diseases, including skin disorders, Parkinson's disease, psychiatric disorders, liver transplantation, diabetic foot and periodontal care.
The consequences of expropriation of agricultural land and loss of livelihoods on those households who lost land in Da Nang, Vietnam
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Tran
Published: July 2021

Acquisition of large-scale agricultural land for urbanization and industrialization is a widespread phenomenon in Vietnam. This acquisition has impacted those households whose land was expropriated in many ways, such as economic, cultural, and social aspects. In this research, the author surveyed 100 households who lost their land for Da Nang Hi-Tech Park project to collect data about the change in their livelihoods and the satisfaction level with their quality of life. This study aimed to answer three questions relating to employment, compensation expenses, and life. The results show that these householders still have many difficulties adapting to a new life after nearly ten years. The unemployment rate increases, but it depends on the gender and age of the worker. Compared with the five years ago, the households’ incomes also decreased by 190 USD/household. The misuse of compensation money paid for their has also had negative impacts on their livelihoods. Some other problems such as environmental pollution and social evils have put pressure on households who lost their land. Hence, most of these households want to return to their previous agricultural life.
Estimating the recreational value for the sustainability of Hingol National Park in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Chakir , Irfan Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Hingol National Park (HNP), in Baluchistan, Pakistan, is rich in biodiversity and has a variety of eco-services and marine eco-services. It has dune and mountain habitats that provide a significant environment for wildlife, including amphibians, dolphins, green marine turtles, and migratory birds, but the number of species is declining. HNP faces many problems such as unregulated tourism and lack of a budget to protect and conserve precious wildlife. The study used a negative binomial regression model and a zero-truncated regression model to estimate the visitors’ travel demand and recreational value of the National Park by collecting a sample of 210 respondents.. The study estimated a consumer surplus of USD 270 per person per visit and thus a total annual recreational value of the park at USD 35.11 million. Since the elasticity of demand is low, the study suggests the imposition of an entrance fee of USD 0.86 (PKR 100) that would generate an annual revenue of USD 113,000. It is recommended that both provisional and federal governments should take the necessary steps to maintain and promote heritage tourism in the region by reshaping the national parks for the protection of scarce natural resources and the protection of biodiversity.
Ageing in European post-communist countries – is it a threat to the welfare system?
Authors: Michalski Tomasz , Stępień Joanna
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study was to diagnose the current and projected pace of ageing in the societies of European post-communist countries from the point of view of its being an increasing economic burden on the economically active population. The analysis covered the years 1990–2050. Ageing is already visible and, according to the forecast, the process will accelerate even more. The old-age dependency ratio (OADR) is expected to exceed 50 in half of the countries in the study by 2050. This will result in major threats to the further development of these countries and will lead to poverty and social exclusion of the elderly. In order to slow down the ageing process, the authorities of these countries should take a number of actions, the most important of which are the implementation of an effective and efficient pro-natal policy (so that the total fertility rate would increase above 2.1), and a well-thought-out migration policy.
Amaranthus powellii (Amaranthaceae), a  new addition for the flora of India and a preliminary list of the Indian Amaranthus species
Authors: Arya Sindhu , Iamonico Duilio , Kumar Venugopalan Nair Saradamma Anil
Published: July 2021

Three populations of Amaranthus powellii were discovered in Kerala region (SE-India), representing the first record of this species for the national flora. A morphological description based on the Indian plants, as well as ecological data are given. A preliminary list of all the Amaranthus species occurring in India, which was never published during the last 136 years, is also provided.
Further records and new data on the occurrence of Martyniaceae in Tunisia and North Africa
Authors: Mokni Ridha El
Published: July 2021

Proboscidea louisianica (Miller) Thell. (Martyniaceae) is newly reported for the flora of Tunisia and North Africa as a naturalised alien. Extensive field investigations in northern Tunisia allowed the discovery of three populations of P. louisianica (Miller) Thell. consisting of 18 individuals found at the edges of “Oued Béja” and at roadside within an irrigated land in Nabeul region, where plant specimens were in flowers and fruits. Moreover, further sites were recorded for another member of the family Martyniaceae (Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) Van Eselt.), already reported and known in Tunisia and Algeria within North Africa. Additional information for both species on their current distribution areas and their habits are provided. Details of their morphological and distinguishing features are illustrated.
Vegetation mapping of the Dzharylhach Island (Ukraine)
Authors: Davydova Anastasia
Published: July 2021

Dzharylhach Island is the largest one in the Black Sea. It is the part of the “Dzharylhatskyi” National Nature Park, which located in the Southern Ukraine. A 1 : 10000 scale vegetation map of Dzharylhach Island has been developed. The main unit for mapping is a complex of associations. In total 28 of such complexes were identified. The map shows the territorial differentiation of vegetation. It has also been used to reconstruct the island vegetation changes over the past 90 and 20 years. A comparison of cartographic materials revealed that the predominant processes in vegetation cover are halophytization and xerophytization of communities. The most distributed types of communities on the island are aquatic – Zosteretea, halophytic – Festuco-Puccinellietea and psammophytic – Festucetea vaginatae. Due to specific hydrological and soil conditions, the northern spit and shores of the island represent natural vegetation types only.
Cyberloafing Research 1997-2019: A Citation-based Literature Review
Authors: Wu Jin-Nan , Song Mengmeng , Ugrin Joseph C. , Liu Lin , Zhu Tingting
Published: July 2021

Background and purpose: The purpose of this study is to illustrate the evolution of cyberloafing research and identify the important papers in the development of cyberloafing knowledge.

Methodology: We identify a total of 116 research papers from the Web of Science (WOS) database that were published in top journals during 1997-2019. We performed citation analysis, co-citation analysis, and main path analysis to identify the most influential authors, countries, and institutions in the development of cyberloafing research, and graphically map the relationships between them.

Results: Cyberloafing research has progressed through three stages which we coin the emergent stage, the exploration stage, and the burgeoning stage. We also identify the relationships between articles and identify the distinct and significant knowledge streams, 16 influential papers that are seminal or highly sighted, and we identify the authors, institutions, and countries from which the research emerged. Researchers in the United States have produced the most research, followed by China, the United Kingdom, and Australia. The National University of Singapore produced the most research in our sample, and Vivian K. Lim of the National University of Singapore was the most influential author, anchored by her seminal piece on cyberloafing and organizational justice published in 2002.

Conclusion: This study is, to our best knowledge, the first to examine the development of cyberloafing research using evidence-based analysis methods. It depicts the development of the cyberloafing literature and identifies significant streams that researchers can explore in the future. We conclude that future research should incorporate more direct measures of cyberloafing, examine individual consequences caused by too much cyberloafing, such as mental health.
ЯЗЫЧЕСКИЕ ТРАДИЦИИ МОРДВЫ-ТЕРЮХАН В УСЛОВИЯХ ХРИСТИАНСКОГО МИРА
Authors: Втюрина Ксения Николаевна , Четвертаков Евгений Валентинович
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматриваются процессы, связанные с взаимодействием мордвы-терюхан с окружающим их русским христианским миром. Мордву-терюхан принято считать наиболее «обрусевшей» частью мордовской общности. Источники говорят о тесных контактах терюхан с русским населением с периода XIII–XIV вв. Несмотря на это, судя по данным археологии, мордва-терюхане сохранили свои языческие традиции вплоть до начала XX в.
Библиографические ссылки
Аникин И.С. Комплекс средневековых археологических памятников у д. Городище // Нижегородские исследования по краеведению и археологии: сборник научных и методических трудов. Вып. 1 / Отв. ред. Е.А. Молев. Нижний Новгород: Нижегор. гуманитар. центр, 2001. С. 16–23.
Беговаткин А.А. Терюшевская мордва – взгляд в прошлое // Нижегородская мордва: история и культура / Под ред. Е. В. Четвертакова, О. В. Гальцева. Дальнее Константиново: РКДО Д.-Константиновского района, 2017. С. 40–54.
Беленькая Д.А. Медная пластика городов московской Руси (XIII–XV вв.) // КСИА. 1993. № 208. С. 11–19.
Лаврентьевская летопись URL: http: //expositions.nlr.ru/LaurentianCodex/_Project/page_Show.php (дата обращения: 02.01.2020).
Малышев А.В., Сорокин А.А. Мордовский «пророк» и «волжский царь»: к вопросу об отношениях Кузьмы Алексеева и князя Г.А. Грузинского // Конфессиональные и этнические группы российских регионов в XIX–XXI вв. / под общ. ред. А.А. Сорокина. М.: Эдитус, 2019. С. 66–73.
Мельников-Печерский П.И. (Андрей Печерский). Очерки Мордвы. Саранск: Мордовское книжное издательство, 1981. 132 с.
Нижегородский летописец / под ред. А.С. Гациского. Нижний Новгород: Типография губернского правления, 1886. 144 с.
Сорокин А.А. Великий князь нижегородско-суздальский Константин Васильевич: заметки к политической биографии // Константин Николаевич Бестужев-Рюмин. 1829–1897. Памяти русского историка / Под ред. А.В. Любавина. Богородск: Вариант, 2014. С. 244–255.
Четвертаков Е.В. Отчет об археологической разведке на территории Дальнеконстантиновского и Краснобаковского районов Нижегородской области в 2016 году // Архив ИА РАН. Р-1. 151 c.
Четвертаков Е.В. Отчет об археологических раскопках на могильнике Староселье 3 в Дальнеконстантиновском районе Нижегородской области в 2018 году // Архив ИА РАН. Р-1. 130 c.
Четвертаков Е.В. Отчет об археологических раскопках на могильнике Староселье 3 в Дальнеконстантиновском районе Нижегородской области в 2017 году // Архив ИА РАН. Р-1. 129 c.
Шмелев С.Ю. Родословная семьи Тихановых из села Мигалиха: от язычества до наших дней // Поволжские финны на перекрестке эпох / Под ред. Е.В. Четвертакова. Нижний Новгород: Новая гуманистическая культура, 2019. С. 41–48.
ШВЕЙНЫЙ ИНВЕНТАРЬ НА ПАЛЕОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ СТОЯНКАХ РОССИИ
Authors: Рукина Наталия Сергеевна
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматривается швейный инвентарь верхнего палеолита как основное свидетельство одного из средств адаптации человека к резко изменившимся климатическим условиям – пошиву одежды. Основной целью исследования является выявление специфики изготовления орудий для шитья из органических материалов, а также ее взаимосвязь с природно-географическими факторами. Наибольшее внимание автором уделяется характеристике производства инструментов для шитья из кости на стоянках Костенковского-Борщевского района в связи с их хронологическим и культурным разнообразием. Также данные категории находок, представленные в коллекциях палеолитических памятников Денисова Пещера, пещера Страшная и Янской стоянки, вызывают особый интерес в связи с различными типами стоянок, их датировками и степенью сохранности материалов. На всех стоянках в качестве швейных орудий рассматриваются такие типы, как: иглы, иглы с ушком, шилья, проколки и острия. Комплексы данных изделий дают основания фиксировать наиболее раннее появление технологий производства одежды, обуви и прочих средств адаптации человека к экстремальным природным условиям позднего плейстоцена.
Библиографические ссылки
Деревянко А.П., Шуньков М.В., Козликин М.Б., Федорченко А. Ю., Павленок Г.Д., Белоусова Н.Е. Костяная игла начала верхнего палеолита из центрального зала Денисовой пещеры (по материалам раскопок в 2016 году) // Проблемы археологии, этнографии, антропологии Сибири и сопредельных территорий. Т. XXII. / Отв. ред. А.П. Деревянко, В.И. Молодин. Новосибирск: Изд-во Института археологии и этнографии СО РАН, 2016. С. 72−76.
Дудин А.Е. Отчет о работе археологической экспедиции государственного археологического музея-заповедника «Костёнки» в 2012 г. / Архив ИА РАН. 2014. Ф.-1. Р.-1. №38754. 100 с.
Лисицын С.Н. Граветтийские изделия из бивня мамонта со стоянки Борщево 5 // Каменный век северной Евразии: актуальные проблемы и исследования. Материалы научных конференций, проведенных Отделом археологии каменного века Института археологии РАН в 2016 году / Отв. ред. Х.А. Амирханов. М.: ИА РАН, 2016. С. 18−19.
Палеолит Костенковско-Борщевского района на Дону (1879–1979). Некоторые итоги полевых исследований / под ред. Н. Д. Праслова, А. Н. Рогачева. Л.: Наука, 1982. 285 с.
Питулько В.В., Павлова Е.Ю. Верхнепалеолитическое швейное производство на Янской стоянке, Арктическая Сибирь // Stratum plus. Археология и культурная антропология. 2019. № 1. С. 157−224.
Шалагина А.В., Боманн М., Колобова К.А., Кривошапкин А.И. Костяные иглы из верхнепалеолитических комплексов страшной пещеры (Северо-Западный Алтай) // Теория и практика археологических исследований. 2018. №1 (21). С. 89–98.
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ПИТАНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ВЕРХНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ В ЭПОХУ ПЕРВОБЫТНОСТИ
Authors: Беляева Виктория Сергеевна
Published: July 2021

В статье прослежена эволюция системы питания населения Верхнего Поволжья на основе анализа археологических данных наиболее изученных памятников мезолита, неолита, бронзового века и раннего железного века, расположенных в пределах современной Тверской области. Автором рассматривается краткая предыстория изучения систем жизнедеятельности. Система питания анализируется на протяжении двух связанных между собой, но отдельных этапов первый из которых – мезолит, неолит и второй – бронзовый, ранний железный век. Для изучения системы питания была использована ранее разработанная программа анализа систем жизнеобеспечения, которая включает 59 информативных блоков и 345 признаков. На основании полученных данных было выявлено, что система питания на протяжении тысячелетий первобытной истории была представлена всеми видами занятий, которые так или иначе связаны с добычей, приготовлением и сохранением пищи. Рыболовство и собирательство практиковались на протяжении обоих этапов как обязательные первичные производства, однако, охота получила большее развитие в бронзовом и раннем железном веках. Адаптируясь к условиям природной среды, население Верхнего Поволжья сумело создать успешную систему жизнеобеспечениядля развития и роста населения.
Библиографические ссылки
Арутюнов С.А., Маркарян Э.С., Мкртумян Ю.И. Проблемы исследования культуры жизнеобеспечения этноса // СЭ. 1983. №2. С. 22−31.
Беляева В.С. Объекты археологического наследия как источники по изучению системы жизнеобеспечения древнего населения Тверского края // Культурное наследие русской провинции: материалы Межрегиональной научной конференции, (Тверь – Старица, 9 ноября 2018). Вып. 2. / Отв. ред. С.С. Кутасов. Тверь: ТвГУ, 2019. C. 13−20.
Воробьёв В.М. Великий водораздел Восточной Европы: географо-археологический аспект // Тверской археологический сборник. Вып.1. / Отв. ред. И.Н. Черных. Тверь: Триада, 1994. С 1−6.
Козлов В.И. Жизнеобеспечение этноса: содержание понятия и его экологические аспекты // Этническая экология: теория и практика / Отв. ред. В.И. Козлов. М.: Наука, 1991. С. 14−43.
Крупник И.И. Арктическая этноэкология: модели традиционного природопользования морских охотников и оленеводов Северное Евразии. М.: Наука, 1989. 272 с.
Культура жизнеобеспечения и этнос. / Под ред. Маркаряна Э.С., Арутюнова С.А. Ереван: АН Армянской ССР, 1983. 320 с.
Лагуткин А.В. Отчет об археологических разведках в бассейне р. Волги в пределах Калининского и Старицкого районов / Архив ИА РАН. 2020.
Сатаев Р.М. Общие принципы устройства и функционирования систем жизнеобеспечения традиционных обществ // Вестник археологии, антропологии и этнографии. 2017. № 4. С. 126−134.
Фаган Б., ДеКорс К. Археология. В начале. / пер. с англ. Н.Ю. Струкова М.: Техносфера, 2007. 592 с.
Ямсков А.Н. Системы жизнеобеспечения и хозяйственно-культурные типы // Этнос и среда обитания. Сборник статей по этноэкологии / Отв. ред. Н.А. Дубова. Вып. 5. М.: Старый сад, 2017. С. 36–47.