bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Precious Set of Radio-optical Reference Frame Objects in the Light of Gaia DR2 Data
Authors: Makarov Valeri V. , Berghea Ciprian T. , Frouard Julien , Fey Alan , Schmitt Henrique R.
Published: March 2019

We investigate a sample of 3413 International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3) extragalactic radio-loud sources with accurate positions determined by very long baseline interferometry in the S/X band, mostly active galactic nuclei and quasars, which are cross-matched with optical sources in the second Gaia data release (Gaia DR2). The main goal of this study is to determine a core sample of astrometric objects that define the mutual orientation of the two fundamental reference frames, the Gaia (optical) and the ICRF3 (radio) frames. The distribution of normalized offsets between the VLBI sources and their optical counterparts is non-Rayleigh, with a deficit around the modal value and a tail extending beyond the 3σ confidence level. A few filters are applied to the sample in order to discard double cross-matches, confusion sources, and Gaia astrometric solutions of doubtful quality. Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System and Dark Energy Survey stacked multicolor images are used to further deselect objects that are less suitable for precision astrometry, such as extended galaxies, double and multiple sources, and obvious misidentifications. After this cleaning, 2643 quasars remain, of which 20% still have normalized offset magnitudes exceeding 3, or a 99% confidence level. We publish a list of 2119 radio-loud quasars of prime astrometric quality. The observed dependence of binned median offset on redshift shows the expected decline at small redshifts, but also an unexpected rise at z ∼ 1.6, which may be attributed to the emergence of the C iv emission line in the Gaia’s G band. The Gaia DR2 parallax zero-point is found to be color-dependent, suggesting an uncorrected instrumental calibration effect.
Figuring Out Gas & Galaxies in Enzo (FOGGIE). I. Resolving Simulated Circumgalactic Absorption at 2 ≤ z ≤ 2.5
Authors: Peeples Molly S. , Corlies Lauren , Tumlinson Jason , O’Shea Brian W. , Lehner Nicolas , O’Meara John M. , Howk J. Christopher , Earl Nicholas , Smith Britton D. , Wise John H. , Hummels Cameron B.
Published: March 2019

We present simulations from the new “Figuring Out Gas & Galaxies in Enzo” (FOGGIE) project. In contrast to most extant simulations of galaxy formation, which concentrate computational resources on galactic disks and spheroids with fluid and particle elements of fixed mass, the FOGGIE simulations focus on extreme spatial and mass resolution in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) surrounding galaxies. Using the Enzo code and a new refinement scheme, FOGGIE reaches spatial resolutions of 381 comoving h
−1 pc and resolves extremely low masses (≲1–100

) out to 100 comoving h
−1 kpc from the central halo. At these resolutions, cloud and filament-like structures giving rise to simulated absorption are smaller, and better resolved, than the same structures simulated with standard density-dependent refinement. Most of the simulated absorption arises in identifiable and well-resolved structures with masses ≲104

, well below the mass resolution of typical zoom simulations. However, integrated quantities such as mass surface density and ionic covering fractions change at only the ≲30% level as resolution is varied. These relatively small changes in projected quantities—even when the sizes and distribution of absorbing clouds change dramatically—indicate that commonly used observables provide only weak constraints on the physical structure of the underlying gas. Comparing the simulated absorption features to the KODIAQ (Keck Observatory Database of Ionized Absorption toward Quasars) survey of z ∼ 2–3.5 Lyman limit systems, we show that high-resolution FOGGIE runs better resolve the internal kinematic structure of detected absorption and better match the observed distribution of absorber properties. These results indicate that circumgalactic medium resolution is key in properly testing simulations of galaxy evolution with circumgalactic observations.
The Present Special Solar Cycle 24: Casting a Shadow over Periodicity of the North–South Hemispherical Asymmetry
Authors: Li F. Y. , Xiang N. B. , Xie J. L. , Xu J. C.
Published: March 2019

The N–S asymmetry (the north–south hemispheric asymmetry) of sunspot areas for each of the cycles 7–24 have been investigated, and a trend of a long-term characteristic timescale of about eight cycles is inferred, which is confirmed again by studying the fitted lines of the yearly values of the N–S asymmetry of sunspot numbers and sunspot group numbers at solar cycle 24. Then, a periodic behavior of about 12 solar cycles is found in the cumulative counts of yearly sunspot areas for each of the cycles 7–24. Nevertheless, the cumulative counts of sunspot numbers and sunspot group numbers for cycle 24 have different behaviors. Moreover, the dominant hemispheres for cycles 7–23 show a trend of a long-term characteristic timescale of about 12 cycles. However, we cannot determine the dominant hemisphere of cycle 24, as these three parameters give different results for the dominant hemisphere. Cycle 24 is a particular solar activity cycle, as sunspot areas suggest a long characteristic timescale of about 12-cycle length, while sunspot numbers and sunspot group numbers support an eight-cycle period of the N–S asymmetry.
Supernova 2017eaw: Molecule and Dust Formation from Infrared Observations
Authors: Tinyanont Samaporn , Kasliwal Mansi M , Krafton Kelsie , Lau Ryan , Rho Jeonghee , Leonard Douglas C , De Kishalay , Jencson Jacob , Mawet Dimitri , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell , Nilsson Ricky , Yan Lin , Gehrz Robert D , Helou George , Van Dyk Schuyler D , Serabyn Eugene , Fox Ori D , Clayton Geoffrey
Published: March 2019

We present infrared (IR) photometry and spectroscopy of the Type II-P SN 2017eaw and its progenitor in the nearby galaxy NGC 6946. Progenitor observations in the Ks band in four epochs from 1 yr to 1 day before the explosion reveal no significant variability in the progenitor star greater than 6% that lasts longer than 200 days. SN 2017eaw is a typical SN II-P with near-IR and mid-IR photometric evolution similar to those of SNe 2002hh and 2004et, other normal SNe II-P in the same galaxy. Spectroscopic monitoring during the plateau phase reveals a possible high-velocity He i 1.083 μm absorption line, indicative of a shock interaction with the circumstellar medium. Spectra between 389 and 480 days postexplosion reveal a strong CO first overtone emission at 389 days, with a line profile matching that of SN 1987A from the same epoch, indicating ∼10−3
M
⊙ of CO at 1800 K. From the 389 days epoch until the most recent observation at 566 days, the first overtone feature fades while the 4.5 μm excess, likely from the CO fundamental band, remains. This behavior indicates that the CO has not been destroyed, but that the gas has cooled enough that the levels responsible for first overtone emissions are no longer populated. Finally, the evolution of Spitzer 3.6 μm photometry shows evidence for dust formation in SN 2017eaw, with a dust mass of 10−6 or 10−4
M
⊙ assuming carbonaceous or silicate grains, respectively.
Developing a vocabulary and ontology for modeling insect natural history data: example data, use cases, and competency questions
Authors: Stucky Brian , Balhoff James , Barve Narayani , Barve Vijay , Brenskelle Laura , Brush Matthew , Dahlem Gregory , Gilbert James , Kawahara Akito , Keller Oliver , Lucky Andrea , Mayhew Peter , Plotkin David , Seltmann Katja , Talamas Elijah , Vaidya Gaurav , Walls Ramona , Yoder Matt , Zhang Guanyang , Guralnick Rob
Published: March 2019

Insects are possibly the most taxonomically and ecologically diverse class of multicellular organisms on Earth. Consequently, they provide nearly unlimited opportunities to develop and test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses. Currently, however, large-scale studies of insect ecology, behavior, and trait evolution are impeded by the difficulty in obtaining and analyzing data derived from natural history observations of insects. These data are typically highly heterogeneous and widely scattered among many sources, which makes developing robust information systems to aggregate and disseminate them a significant challenge. As a step towards this goal, we report initial results of a new effort to develop a standardized vocabulary and ontology for insect natural history data. In particular, we describe a new database of representative insect natural history data derived from multiple sources (but focused on data from specimens in biological collections), an analysis of the abstract conceptual areas required for a comprehensive ontology of insect natural history data, and a database of use cases and competency questions to guide the development of data systems for insect natural history data. We also discuss data modeling and technology-related challenges that must be overcome to implement robust integration of insect natural history data.
Reality-Creating Technologies as a Global Phenomenon
Authors: Yang Kenneth C. C.
Published: March 2019

Digital reality technologies have become a global phenomenon that attracts huge attention from researchers and practitioners around the world. ResearchandMarkets.com predicts that the global revenue for both augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) applications will reach $94.4 billion by 2023. As an introductory chapter to the edited book volume on the global impacts of digital reality technologies, this chapter examines the current state of digital reality technologies around the world. Global, regional, and country statistics are presented to shed light on the diffusion of a variety of digital reality technologies such as augmented reality, mixed reality, and virtual reality. Potential and existing digital realty technologies around the world will be examined in greater detail to provide readers with contextual information for the remaining chapters of the book.
Reconsidering Essentials of Organization Development
Authors: ten Have Wouter , Graamans Ernst , ten Have Steven
Published: March 2019

This chapter presents the findings of two closely related studies about a selection of premises on which some organization development (OD) practices are based. In the first study, 18 taken-for-granted assumptions have been held against the scientific literature using rapid evidence assessment (REA) as a method. In light of the available evidence, some of these assumptions proved to be untenable. In a second study, practitioners were confronted with these assumptions and fed back the assessments. These studies, combined together, show that practitioners are often not aware of scientific findings relevant to their field. On the other hand, despite all the reseach that has been done and published, the scientific literature often does not provide satisfactory and conclusive answers to the questions practitioners grapple with.
Facing Organizational Change
Authors: Ferrari Filippo
Published: March 2019

This chapter aims to present the obstacles both scholars and practitioners must overcome in facing organizational change. Indeed, too often practitioners lack any rigorous evidence-based background and rely on their previous experience and common sense. At the same time, scholars too often work in a very separated academic world, thus ignoring the actual problems that professionals face in actual firms. Being both a scholar and a practitioner, the author highlights the common challenges likely to be faced by change agents when facilitating organizational change: recognizing the readiness of the involved people to change, their skill mismatch, their previous change history, and the level of cynicism. A fully reflective change agent must consider these factors in designing and implementing an evidence-based organizational change and development (EBOCD) initiative and change agency process if he or she wishes to achieve positive outcomes both from the organizational and the involved people's point of view.
Evidence-Based Organizational Change in the UK Public Sector
Authors: Devins David , Watson Alex , Turner Paul
Published: March 2019

This reflective case history reflects on the experiences of a UK City Authority as it responds to the challenge of policy making for inclusive economic growth. It tells how the authority, in responding to a long-term vision, used change management processes to articulate and then implement change. The approach is characterized by the use of evidence to promote change within and between organizations. This is complemented by an adaptive strategy based on the design, development, implementation, and monitoring of interventions. Change is achieved in relatively small steps through minor innovations in practice and ongoing consideration of what works and what more can be done.
Transforming Leader Change Agency Skills and Abilities Through Emotional Intelligence Focused Executive Coaching
Authors: Lees Colette S.
Published: March 2019

Sharon Hartley is a UK-based director in the aerospace industry. Following the initial meeting and subsequent conversations regarding the use of emotional intelligence (EI) in leader development, the author was commissioned to design and deliver a bespoke EI Director Development program. Funded by her organization, Goodrich Corporation, later to become UTC Aerospace Systems, the program provided a supported six-month development strategy. Results included an increased ability to use EI and EI competencies for strategy development, and for influencing and driving cultural and organizational change.
Creating a Business Unit Within a Large Sports and Entertainment Organization's Theatre Operation
Authors: Baaki John , Cseh Maria
Published: March 2019

This reflective case history illustrates the change process in a USA sports and entertainment's theatre organization led by its leader in consultation with a human resource development and organizational change professional. Evidence-based organizational change and development informed by the theoretical perspectives on shop floor management and action learning guided the change process conceptualized on the belief that frontline employees should play a major role in driving change in organizations, and their learning and reflection is crucial in this process.
New Leader Transition and Acquisition Integration Using an Evidence-Based Action Learning Workshop Influenced by Appreciative Inquiry and Whole Group Approaches
Authors: Flesher Jeffrey W.
Published: March 2019

This reflective case history describes an evidence-based organization development intervention conducted for a new division head in a division made up of recently acquired companies. During the workshop, the teams revealed and shared success stories, developed a common evidence-based model of guiding characteristics for continued success, and described current state situations. In order to include the perspectives of all employees, a brief survey focusing on point-of-work needs was sent to every employee in the division. This leader-as-researcher method brought a new level of clarity to decision making, positively engaged the entire division in the process of change, created an enhanced level of transparency across the companies, and formed the basis for greater managerial commitment to evidence-based action.
Limitations and Optimizing Applications of Evidence in Evidence-Based Practices in Organizational Change and Development
Authors: McLean Gary N. , Kim Sehoon
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to offer an overview of evidence-based practice's (EBP) limitations and applications in identifying evidence in OCD. While the concept of EBP is growing rapidly in many fields, there are problems with such an approach. Best practice is a widely used term in business that does not take into account questions like, Best for whom? Where? When? In what organization? In what context? Such questions may be more applicable to some modes of research than others, though business people and OCD professionals may be even less convinced by some modes than others. This chapter explores the limitations of identifying evidence while at the same time identifying ways to apply evidence in spite of its limitations. Accepting the resulting ambiguity will enable practitioners to find value in evidence-based practice.
Halal Tourism in Bali, Why Not?
Authors: Handayani Bintang , Seraphin Hugues , Korstanje Maximiliano
Published: March 2019

The case studied in this chapter is about the discourse of halal tourism (HT) to be implemented in Bali, and to be proposed as layer in special interest tourism (SIT). It aims to offer a framework that attempts to demystify the halal dimensions attributed at non-Muslim destination. Literature review is used as method of the study. Discussion of this chapter lies on the basic elements to be attributed to HT and SIT as a basis to strengthen and to support the framework derived from the review literature and to clarify the record of literature which suggests economic benefits by providing HT in the non-Muslim-friendly destination and sustaining tourists' arrival by mapping SIT as priority in development of destination. Overall, this present essay-review specifically shows preliminary design to develop HT, coupled with SIT for a non-Muslim destination. Several issues and directions for future research are provided.
Street Food as a Special Interest and Sustainable Form of Tourism for Southeast Asia Destinations
Authors: Handayani Bintang , Seraphin Hugues , Korstanje Maximiliano , Pilato Manuela
Published: March 2019

Sustainable development is an objective that every destination is aiming at. This chapter provides evidence that street food, as a special interest for of tourism, if appropriately explored, has the potential to contribute significantly to the sustainable tourism development of Southeast Asia, and more generally to emerging destinations. Within this context, there is an opportunity to convert street food into a tourism resource that can align with the SDGs of the UNWTO. From a management point of view, this chapter highlights the fact that destination marketing organisations need to rethink the type of products and services offered to visitors and more importantly how they advertise themselves. The priority should be given to products and services that are not only authentic but also meet the needs of visitors and locals alike. On an academic level, this chapter contributes to the existing meta-literature on tourism sustainability by presenting street food as an example of good practice.
Macroeconomics and Its Impact on Stock Markets of India, China, and Japan
Authors: Megaravalli Amith Vikram
Published: March 2019

The objective of this chapter is to examine the long-run and the short-run relationship between India, China, and Japanese stock markets and key macroeconomic variables such as exchange rates and inflation (proxied by consumer price index) of ASIAN 3 economies (India, China, and Japan). Monthly time series data spanning the period from 2008 January to November 2016 has been used. The unit root test, the cointegration test, Granger causality test, and pooled mean group estimator have been applied to derive the long-run and short-run statistical dynamics. The findings of pooled estimated results of ASIAN 3 countries show that exchange rate has a positive and significant long-run effect on stock markets while the inflation has a negative and insignificant long-run effect. In the short run, there is no statistically significant relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock markets. This study emphasizes the impact of macroeconomic variables on the stock market performance of a developing economy (India and China) and developed economy (Japan).
Preparing and Training Higher Education Faculty to Ensure Quality Online Learning and Teaching
Authors: Seipel Ben , Ferrari Chiara Francesca
Published: March 2019

In this chapter, the authors discuss the nature of quality online instruction from the perspectives of equity, quality preparation, professional development, and evaluation. Specifically, the authors describe the need for faculty preparation in pedagogical and andragogical practices in general by defining “quality” and qualified professionals. The authors provide initial support for instructors by describing the lesson planning cycle as a useful framework. The authors also delve into the importance of considering one's personal teaching philosophy as a grounding for quality instruction. Then, the authors apply these concepts to online andragogy and the need for continuing professional development opportunities. Next, the authors describe three evaluation tools/opportunities, rubric for online instruction, the quality online learning and teaching instrument, and quality matters, that have been useful to faculty at their institution. Finally, the authors conclude with future research directions regarding quality online instruction.
Creating a Quality Online Early Childhood Program Focused on Building Community and Program Improvement
Authors: Burris Jade , Prudhoe Catherine
Published: March 2019

This chapter explores the intentional design, development, and continued improvement of an online graduate degree program for early childhood education (ECE) teachers and administrators. The authors will discuss the initial face-to-face design and the transition to an online program to better meet the needs of its students. The authors will also discuss the successes and challenges met throughout this process while providing an overview of the field of ECE. In the process, they will consider the unique demands of working in childcare and explain why using technology to offer online programs was an appropriate solution to the challenges experienced by early childhood professionals (ECPs). They will address why online delivery is a preferred method of professional development (PD) among ECPs. Further, this chapter will include an analysis of survey data on program quality and course satisfaction, providing practical recommendations based on what was learned from this case study.
Addressing Discrepancies in Faculty and Student Perceptions of the Quality and Rigor of Online Courses
Authors: Bagasra Anisah , Mackinem Mitchell Brent
Published: March 2019

The chapter addresses the discrepancies that exist between student and faculty perceptions of online courses, specifically differences in beliefs about the quality of online courses and the rigor of online coursework. The authors present data collected from faculty and students before the launch of undergraduate and graduate online programs and over the course of the first four years of online course offerings at a small, Historically Black University (HBCU). The data is used to discuss ways to reduce incongruities in how students and faculty view online courses with a focus on faculty establishing their expectations for student performance in the online environment, measuring course quality, and using student evaluations to enhance course quality. Congruent beliefs and expectations are important to ensure that both faculty and students involved in online courses are satisfied with their experiences, leading to better retention and learning outcomes.
Medical Data Security Tools and Techniques in E-Health Applications
Authors: Pandey Anukul , Singh Butta , Saini Barjinder Singh , Sood Neetu
Published: March 2019

The primary objective of this chapter is to analyze the existing tools and techniques for medical data security. Typically, medical data includes either medical signals such as electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, electromyography, or medical imaging like digital imaging and communications in medicine, joint photographic experts group format. The medical data are sensitive, subject to privacy preservation, and data access rights. Security in e-health field is an integrated concept which includes robust combination of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of medical data. Confidentiality ensures the data is inaccessible to unauthorized access. Integrity restricts the alteration in data by the unauthorized user. Whereas availability provides the readiness of the data when needed by the authorized user. Additionally, confidentiality, integrity and availability, accountability parameter records the back action list which answers the why, when, what, and whom data is accessed. The selected tools and techniques used in medical data security in e-health applications is discussed.
Healthcare Informatics Using Modern Image Processing Approaches
Authors: Kashyap Ramgopal , Rahamatkar Surendra
Published: March 2019

Medical image segmentation is the first venture for abnormal state image analysis, significantly lessening the multifaceted nature of substance investigation of pictures. The local region-based active contour may have a few burdens. Segmentation comes about to intensely rely on the underlying shape choice which is an exceptionally capable errand. In a few circumstances, manual collaborations are infeasible. To defeat these deficiencies, the proposed method for unsupervised segmentation of viewer's consideration object of medical images given the technique with the help of the shading boosting Harris finder and the center saliency map. Investigated distinctive techniques to consider the image data and present a formerly utilized energy-based active contour method dependent on the choice of high certainty forecasts to allocate pseudo-names consequently with the point of diminishing the manual explanations.
Medical Image Encryption
Authors: Rajagopalan Sundararaman , Janakiraman Siva , Rengarajan Amirtharajan
Published: March 2019

The healthcare industry has been facing a lot of challenges in securing electronic health records (EHR). Medical images have found a noteworthy position for diagnosis leading to therapeutic requirements. Millions of medical images of various modalities are generally safeguarded through software-based encryption. DICOM format is a widely used medical image type. In this chapter, DICOM image encryption implemented on cyclone FPGA and ARM microcontroller platforms is discussed. The methodology includes logistic map, DNA coding, and LFSR towards a balanced confusion – diffusion processes for encrypting 8-bit depth 256 × 256 resolution of DICOM images. For FPGA realization of this algorithm, the concurrency feature has been utilized by simultaneous processing of 128 × 128 pixel blocks which yielded a throughput of 79.4375 Mbps. Noticeably, the ARM controller which replicated this approach through sequential embedded “C” code took 1248 bytes in flash code memory and Cyclone IV FPGA consumed 21,870 logic elements for implementing the proposed encryption scheme with 50 MHz operating clock.
Industrial Practices, Sustainable Development and Circular Economy
Authors: Verkerk Maarten J. , Visscher Frans
Published: March 2019

The 2015 Paris agreement challenges the industry to realize their sustainability goals. The objective of this chapter is to support engineers from R&D departments in the chemical process industry to develop processes and systems that are in agreement with these goals. The authors propose the so-called Triple I model that offers three perspectives to direct the development of sustainable practices. This model encourages engineers to identify all relevant aspects, to integrate the knowledge of different disciplines, and to meet the justified interests of stakeholders. In this chapter, the importance of ideals and basic beliefs is highlighted. First of all, ideals and basic beliefs place the sustainable development of the process industry in a broader perspective. In addition, ideals and basic beliefs motivate people to face the challenges of the 2015 Paris agreement and encourage them to develop sustainable solutions.
Food Systems
Authors: Jochemsen Henk , Rademaker Corné J.
Published: March 2019

Today's predominant food system on the one hand produces plenty of food, making food relatively cheap for most people in the world. However, for many people, the food they can afford is insufficiently nutritious. Major global health problems like obesity are partly a result of the present food system. Furthermore, the modern industrial way of producing food has negative environmental consequences, consisting among others of a decline in soil fertility and a loss of biodiversity. Another food system is required to obtain sustainable global food and nutrition security. This food system should observe the normativity of the agricultural practices that produce food. The authors' analysis of agricultural practices shows that the farm is economically qualified but that the primary process of care for soil, crops, and animals can best be seen as an ethically qualified supporting practice that steers the “meaningful shaping” of the interventions foundational for agricultural practices.
Education
Authors: Kuiper Roel
Published: March 2019

Present discontents and concerns about schooling and learning call for critical reflection about education as a practice. Education is not to be degraded to instrumentalism. The profession is about the formation of pupils in a process of interaction to bring them to “human flourishing.” Learning implies mastery and self-responsibility, guided by the “right desire” to do what is ultimately good. This “right desire” in the Aristotelian and Christian tradition precedes the work of any professional or practitioner. The normative practice approach serves as a valuable help for the reflection that is needed. It presents a given set of norms that are appropriate to understand a professional practice. Reflection on the “right desire” in schooling, learning, and teaching helps to redirect education in our time of discontent.
Management as a Supportive Practice
Authors: Verkerk Maarten J.
Published: March 2019

In this chapter, the nature of the management practice is investigated. The scene is sketched by telling a couple of stories from the experience of the author. Then, it is argued that an organizational approach is needed to understand the thinking and behavior of managers. It is shown that practice approaches are very suitable because they take their starting point in the daily activities, do justice to the nature of different activities, and make underlying ideals, values, and basic beliefs explicit. The Triple I model is used to investigate the practice of management in detail. It is shown that practices and management practices are intimately intertwined. The author's conclusion is that management is a supportive practice that is disclosed by the intrinsic values of the specific domain.
Parliamentary Immunity and the Issues Encountered in Turkey
Authors: Aydin Omur
Published: March 2019

Parliamentary immunity is the totality of the assurances provided to members of parliament (MPs) for the purpose of public interest. It originates from British parliamentary law. Parliamentary immunity aims to ensure that MPs can perform their legislative duty independently, without being pressurised. In Turkey, parliamentary immunity has been under constitutional protection since 1876, when the constitutional order began. It can be said that Turkey has two fundamental chronic problems when it comes to this matter. First, inviolability is misused to protect MPs against allegations of corruption. Second, there are no objective criteria regarding the lifting of inviolability. This situation provides ruling parties having parliamentary majority with a wide discretionary power and creates a tool for putting political pressure on the deputies of opposition parties. Besides this, the constitutional amendment made in 2016 has brought about many problems and caused the political sphere and freedom of speech to be diminished.
Rule Flouting as Argumentation Strategy
Authors: Chikara Owen Tendai , Sabao Collen
Published: March 2019

Parliamentary discourse is rule-governed with controlled diction, specific as well as documented protocol and standing orders in place, one would expect that parliament is a place where all is serene and actors are as “honourable” as they are titled. Recent events in most African parliaments have proven that the serenity expected from parliament is anything near reality. Language use is at times foul and conduct dishonourable. The rules of the house are flouted and when such happens it is usually deemed “un-parliamentary.” Though “un-parliamentary” such language and behaviour can be seen as a form of argumentation. Argumentation, which is the primary activity that parliamentarians are involved in whenever there is a sitting has been defined as a verbal, social, and reasoned activity aimed at convincing critics of the acceptability of an argument by putting forward a number of propositions justifying or refuting the proposition expressed in the standpoint This chapter looks at the argumentation within un-parliamentary behaviour which flouts parliamentary discoursal conventions.
Intersubjective Stance and Argumentation in Zimbabwean Parliamentary Discourse
Authors: Jakaza Ernest
Published: March 2019

Language use in the parliament is a matter of stance taking and appraisal of others and the self-invoking systems of socio-cultural value and dis/alignments. This chapter examines the language of evaluation and appraisal in parliamentary debates and speeches. In order to account for the language of evaluation and stance in the parliament, the study evokes the appraisal resource of engagement. The research draws its analysis from the key notions of appraisal and argumentation theories focusing on how parliamentarians position themselves dis/aligning with co-participants. The research examines how the continuous process of alignment impacts on argumentation in parliamentary debates. The research concludes that intersubjective stance is an argumentative activity that involves pro and contra argumentation with parliamentarians critically testing propositions submitted in the dialogic space.
An Exploration of the Use of Emotional Discourse in Parliamentary Deliberations
Authors: Jongore Magret
Published: March 2019

In Parliament, problem-solving argumentation calls for several thresholds of proof. This chapter presents the Rhetoric of Parliamentary. The role of such rhetoric is to articulate political motives and legitimize political action. This therefore calls for a review of language use as a concrete display of power: securing political power, challenging it, competing for it, or defending and consolidating it. In socio-historical periods marked by significant paradigm shifts and political polarizations, parliaments have played a decisive role in benchmarking current societal issues and exposing party-political agendas by debating the pros and cons of alternative political solutions. The chapter with the use of critical discourse analysis (CDA) reveals forms of power inherent in this discourse. CDA as a theoretical framework insists that there is no language that is neutral. Thus, CDA unravels unequal power relations, ideological inclinations and hegemony parliamentary discourse of this chapter.
An Efficient Coronary Disease Diagnosis System Using Dual-Phase Multi-Objective Optimization and Embedded Feature Selection
Authors: R. Priyatharshini , S. Chitrakala
Published: March 2019

Developments in healthcare technologies have significantly enhanced spatial resolution and improved contrast resolution, permitting analysis of additional subtle structures than formerly attainable. An approach for Automatic recognition and quantification of calcifications from arteries in computed tomography (CT) scans is developed which is a key necessity in planning the treatment of individuals with suspected coronary artery disease. First, a Dual-Phase Multi-_objective Optimization approach using an Active Contour Model-based region-growing technique is developed. Second, an embedded feature selection method is developed with an expert classifier to detect calcified objects in the segmented artery with great accuracy. Finally, the Agatston scoring method is utilized to quantify the level of coronary artery calcium plaque. Coronary CT images from the AS+CT scanner with a slice thickness of 3 mm were obtained from clinical practice. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method improves the accuracy of lesion detection for better treatment planning.
Heart Disease Diagnosis Using Fuzzy Supervised Learning Based on Dynamic Reduced Features
Authors: Moudani Walid , Hussein Mohamad , abdelRazzak Mariam , Mora-Camino Félix
Published: March 2019

The health industry collects huge amounts of health data which, unfortunately, are not mined to discover hidden information. However, there is a lack of effective analytical tools to discover hidden relationships and trends in data. Information technologies can provide alternative approaches to the diagnosis of the heart attach disease. In this study, a proficient methodology for the extraction of significant patterns from the Coronary Heart Disease warehouses for heart attack prediction, which unfortunately continues to be a leading cause of mortality in the whole world, has been presented. For this purpose, we propose to develop an innovative fuzzy classification solution approach based on dynamic reduced sets of potential risk factors using the promising Rough Set theory which is a new mathematical approach to data analysis based on classification of objects. Therefore, we propose to validate the classification using Multi-classifier decision tree to identify the risky heart disease cases. This work is based on a dataset collected from several clinical institutions based on the medical profile of patient. Moreover, the experts' knowledge in this field has been taken into consideration in order to define the disease, its risk factors, to follow up the issue results, and to establish significant knowledge relationships between medical factors related to Coronary Heart Disease. To identify cases of heart attack, experiments of several classification techniques have been performed leading to rank the suitable techniques. The reduction of potential risk factors contributes to enumerate dynamically one or more optimal subsets of the potential risk factors of high interest which implicitly leads to reduce the complexity of the classification problems while maintaining the prediction classification quality. The performance of the proposed model is analyzed and evaluated based on set of benchmark techniques applied in this classification problem.
Interdisciplinary Approach to Cardiovascular Diseases for Research and Everyday Clinical Practice Purposes
Authors: Goch Aleksander , Rosiek Anna , Leksowski Krzysztof , Mikołajewska Emilia
Published: March 2019

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are perceived a leading cause of death globally. Scientists and clinicians still search for more efficient prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and care programs suitable for patients with CVD. Common social awareness and interdisciplinary effort may significantly improve current situation, but the problem is more complex. This chapter, based on research and own experiences of authors, tries to answer the question: how maximize professional resources and optimize outcomes in clinical practice. Aim of this chapter is discuss current issues which may potentially influence efficiency of CVD prevention and therapy, including prevention, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, ways of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and cardiac telerehabilitation (CTR), influence of researcher-subject relationship and patient-therapist relationship as far as placebo effect.
Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms in Health Care to Predict Heart Disease
Authors: Priyanga P. , Naveen N. C.
Published: March 2019

This article describes how healthcare organizations is growing increasingly and are the potential beneficiary users of the data that is generated and gathered. From hospitals to clinics, data and analytics can be a very powerful tool that can improve patient care and satisfaction with efficiency. In developing countries, cardiovascular diseases have a huge impact on increasing death rates and are expected by the end of 2020 in spite of the best clinical practices. The current Machine Learning (ml) algorithms are adapted to estimate the heart disease risks in middle aged patients. Hence, to predict the heart diseases a detailed analysis is made in this research work by taking into account the angiographic heart disease status (i.e. ≥ 50% diameter narrowing). Deep Neural Network (DNN), Extreme Learning Machine (elm), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) learning algorithm (with linear and polynomial kernel functions) are considered in this work. The accuracy and results of these algorithms are analyzed by comparing the effectiveness among them.
Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cardiovascular Applications
Authors: Patel Arti , Pathak Yashwant V.
Published: March 2019

Nanomedicine has vastly improved the treatment and diagnosis of many cardiovascular conditions such as atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, restenosis, and thrombosis. A few nanoparticle drug delivery systems that are currently being tested and used in clinical trials include lipid-based drug delivery, controlled drug release, and specific targeting. The chapter describes the various drug delivery methods, the various nanoparticles, and their application on specific cardiovascular conditions. This chapter compiles examples of specific clinical trials that are being conducted, using nanoparticles for therapy of cardiovascular conditions.
Adversarial Attacks and Defense on Deep Learning Models for Big Data and IoT
Authors: Nami Nag , Moh Melody
Published: March 2019

Intelligent systems are capable of doing tasks on their own with minimal or no human intervention. With the advent of big data and IoT, these intelligence systems have made their ways into most industries and homes. With its recent advancements, deep learning has created a niche in the technology space and is being actively used in big data and IoT systems globally. With the wider adoption, deep learning models unfortunately have become susceptible to attacks. Research has shown that many state-of-the-art accurate models can be vulnerable to attacks by well-crafted adversarial examples. This chapter aims to provide concise, in-depth understanding of attacks and defense of deep learning models. The chapter first presents the key architectures and application domains of deep learning and their vulnerabilities. Next, it illustrates the prominent adversarial examples, including the algorithms and techniques used to generate these attacks. Finally, it describes challenges and mechanisms to counter these attacks, and suggests future research directions.
Tier Application in Multi-Cloud Databases to Improve Security and Service Availability
Authors: Gupta Shaurya , Poonia Ramesh Chandra , Singh Vijander , Raja Linesh
Published: March 2019

The need for data outsourcing or database as a service (DaaS) is extremely important for any organization. In addition, data storage or data retrieval cost high especially for small companies. This chapter aims to study the various challenges in cloud computing communication issue. The chapter on multi-tiering a cloud emphasizes security enhancement due to the application of tiers in the cloud such that services availability is also improved. Cloud computing is a recent network trend for advanced communication systems. A lot of research led to the advancements in the areas of newer modes but multi-tiering a cloud is still an embarking issue for the researchers.
Achieving Secure and Privacy-Preserving in Mobile Social Networks
Authors: Ferrag Mohamed Amine , Abdelaziz Amara korba
Published: March 2019

This chapter proposes a security framework for achieving secure and privacy-preserving mobile social networks named ASPP. Based on the cooperative neighbor, reactive routing protocol, and short signatures technique, the proposed scheme can not only detect and avoid but also can preserve the message privacy against elemental attacks and compound attacks. In addition, ASPP is robust against eavesdropping attack, wormhole attack, packet analysis attack, packet tracing attack, and replay attack. Extensive analyses and experiments are given to demonstrate its high detection rate and practicability under various scenarios.
Adversarial Attacks and Defenses in Malware Detection Classifiers
Authors: John Teenu S. , Thomas Tony
Published: March 2019

Machine learning has found its immense application in various cybersecurity domains owing to its automated threat prediction and detection capabilities. Despite its advantages, attackers can utilize the vulnerabilities of machine learning models for degrading its performance. These attacks called adversarial attacks can perturb the features of the data to induce misclassification. Adversarial attacks are highly destructive in the case of malware detection classifiers, causing a harmful virus or trojan to evade the threat detection system. The feature perturbations carried out by an adversary against malware detection classifiers are different from the conventional attack strategies employed by an adversary against computer vision tasks. This chapter discusses various adversarial attacks launched against malware detection classifiers and the existing defensive mechanisms. The authors also discuss the challenges and the research directions that need to be addressed to develop effective defensive mechanisms against these attacks.
Fog Computing
Authors: Paharia Bhumika , Bhushan Kriti
Published: March 2019

Fog computing is an extension to cloud computing that inhibits its limitations and enhances its amenities. Being similar to cloud computing, it has some more fascinating features that escalate the overall performance of the system. It faces many new disputes besides those already inherited from cloud computing. Fog computing is actually a paradigm that provides services at the network's edge as it serves the end-users with data, applications, storing, and computing capabilities. Fog computing is a new breed in services and applications to the end-users by enabling the above features, hence making its security and privacy aspects much more challenging then the cloud computing. Further, in this chapter, the basic concepts of fog computing are discussed with its applications as a high lighting feature. In addition, discussion about the attacks that could setback the advantages of fog computing and some defense mechanisms to overcome the effects of these attack have been discussed, giving a comprehensive study of fog computing.
Delay Tolerant Networks
Authors: Kushwaha Vandana , Gupta Ratneshwer
Published: March 2019

Opportunistic networks are one of the emerging evolutions of the network system. In opportunistic networks, nodes are able to communicate with each other even if the route between source to destination does not already exist. Opportunistic networks have to be delay tolerant in nature (i.e., able to tolerate larger delays). Delay tolerant network (DTNs) uses the concept of “store-carry-forward” of data packets. DTNs are able to transfer data or establish communication in remote area or crisis environment where there is no network established. DTNs have many applications like to provide low-cost internet provision in remote areas, in vehicular networks, noise monitoring, extreme terrestrial environments, etc. It is therefore very promising to identify aspects for integration and inculcation of opportunistic network methodologies and technologies into delay tolerant networking. In this chapter, the authors emphasize delay tolerant networks by considering its architectural, routing, congestion, and security issues.