bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some notes on conformable fractional Sturm–Liouville problems
Authors: Wang Wei-Chuan
Published: December 2021

The conformable fractional eigenvalue problem $$\begin{aligned} -D_{x}^{\alpha }D_{x}^{\alpha }y+q(x)y=\lambda \rho (x)y \end{aligned}$$
−

D
x
α

D
x
α

y
+
q
(
x
)
y
=
λ
ρ
(
x
)
y
is considered. We employ an easy and efficient method to derive its eigenvalue asymptotic expansion. On the basis of this result, we also investigate Ambarzumyan problems related to this eigenvalue problem as an application.
Bovine serum albumin protected gold nanozymes as a novel anti-cancer nanodrug for acute T-type lymphoblastic leukemia treatment via effect on the expression of anti-apoptotic genes
Authors: Vafa Ehsan , Bazargan-Lari Reza
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the bovine serum albumin protected gold nanozymes (BSA-Au nanozymes) were utilized as a novel nanodrug for treatment of acute T-type lymphoblastic leukemia (Jurkat) by production of excessive ROS and effect on the expression of anti-apoptotic genes. The effect of BSA-Au nanozymes on the Bcl-2 expression and survivin in the Jurkat cell line was checked. The results showed that the expression of anti-apoptotic genes was significantly reduced after treatment of the Jurkat cell line with the BSA-Au nanozymes (p-value of 0.001) as the potential nanodrug while their expression in the normal PBMC was not affected by the nanodrug. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of the developed nanodrug on the Jurkat cell line was evaluated which illustrated that survival rate in the studied cell line reaches its minimum value (100% lethality, 0.0% survival) after treatment for 48 h. The IC50 for the nanodrug was calculated at 0.05 mM of the developed nanodrug. Overall, the BSA-Au nanozymes can be used as the nanodrug for treatment of T-type lymphoblastic leukemia via reducing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes, increasing the effect of common anticancer drugs such as Adriamycin and ara-C, and consequently increasing the survival of patients with leukemia.
Are orthodontic randomised controlled trials justified with a citation of an appropriate systematic review?
Authors: Patel Kishan , Cobourne Martyn T. , Pandis Nikolaos , Seehra Jadbinder
Published: December 2021

Background

A systematic review of the evidence should be undertaken to support the justification for undertaking a clinical trial. The aim of this study was to examine whether reports of orthodontic Randomised Clinical Trials (RCTs) cite prior systematic reviews (SR) to explain the rationale or justification of the trial. Study characteristics that predicated the citation of SR in the RCT report were also explored.

Material and methods

Orthodontic RCTs published between 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2020 in seven orthodontic journals were identified. All titles and abstracts were screened independently by two authors. Descriptive statistics and associations were assessed for the study characteristics. Logistic regression was used to identify predicators of SR inclusion in the trial report.

Results

301 RCTs fulfilling the eligibility criteria were assessed. 220 SRs were available of which 74.5% (N = 164) were cited, and 24.5% (N = 56) were not included but were available in the literature within 12 months of trial commencement. When a SR was not included in the introduction or no SR was available within 12 months of trial commencement, interventional studies were commonly cited. The continent of the corresponding author predicated the possibility of inclusion of a SR in the introduction (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.18–0.71; p = 0.003).

Conclusions

A quarter of orthodontic RCTs (24.5%) included in this study did not cite a SR in the introduction section to justify the rationale of the trial when a relevant SR was available. To reduce research waste and optimal usage of resources, researchers should identify or conduct a systematic review of the evidence to support the rationale and justification of the trial.
Prevalence and associated factors of COVID-19 across Italian regions: a secondary analysis from a national survey on physiotherapists
Authors: Gambazza Simone , Bargeri Silvia , Campanini Isabella , Meroni Roberto , Turolla Andrea , Castellini Greta , Gianola Silvia ,   Scientific Technical Committee of AIFI, Gambazza Simone , Bargeri Silvia , Bertozzi Lucia , Campanini Isabella , Cattaneo Davide , Chiarotto Alessandro , Corbetta Davide , Costi Stefania , Meroni Roberto , Mezzarobba Susanna , Innocenti Tiziano , Pelosin Elisa , Petrarca Maurizio , Rossettini Giacomo , Testa Marco , Turolla Andrea , Vanti Carla , Castellini Greta , Gianola Silvia
Published: December 2021

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in China in December 2019 and now is a pandemic all around the world. In Italy, Northern regions were hit the hardest during the first wave. We aim to explore the prevalence and the exposure characteristics of physiotherapists (PTs) working in different Italian regions during the first wave of COVID-19.

Methods

Between April and May 2020 a structured anonymous online survey was distributed to all PTs registered in the National Professional Registry to collect prevalence data of a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (i.e., nasopharyngeal swab and/or serological test). A bottom-up agglomerative nesting hierarchical clustering method was applied to identify groups of regions based on response rate. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore personal and work-related factors associated with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19.

Results

A total of 15,566 PTs completed the survey (response rate 43.3%). The majority of respondents (57.7%) were from Northern regions. Considering all respondents, the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Northern and Central Italy, was higher compared to those in Southern Italy (6.9% vs. 1.8%, P < 0.001); focusing the analysis on respondents who underwent nasopharyngeal swab and/or serological test led to similar findings (14.1% vs. 6.4%, P < 0.001). Working in Northern and Central regions was associated with a higher risk of confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 compared to Southern regions (OR 3.4, 95%CI 2.6 to 4.3). PTs working in Northern and Central regions were more likely to be reallocated to a different unit and changing job tasks, compared to their colleagues working in the Southern regions (10.5% vs 3.7%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Work-related risk factors were differently distributed between Italian regions at the time of first pandemic wave, and PTs working in the Northern and Central regions were more at risk of a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, especially when working in hospitals. Preventive and organizational measures should be applied to harmonize physiotherapy services in the national context.

Registration

https://osf.io/x7cha
Perceived stress, eating behavior, and overweight and obesity among urban adolescents
Authors: Roy S. K. , Jahan Khurshid , Alam Nurul , Rois Rumana , Ferdaus Ambrina , Israt Samina , Karim Md. Rizwanul
Published: December 2021

Background

WHO estimated 20% of adolescents (10–19 years) have mental health problems. We examined the prevalence and associated risk predictors of overweight/obesity and perceived stress using eating behaviors and physical activity among school-and-college-going urban adolescents in Bangladesh.

Methods

A cross-sectional study with a multistage sampling technique was employed to select 4609 adolescent students, aged 13–19 years, from all eight Bangladesh divisions during January–June 2019. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire containing Turconi Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ), Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), and Anthropometric measurements. Logistic regression and different association measures assessed relationships among adolescent characteristics.

Results

The major 61.5% of adolescents were in moderate-to-extremely-severe levels of stress, 28.2% were overweight/obese, only 2.7% had a very active lifestyle, and 30.5% had a sedentary lifestyle. Perceived stress was positively and significantly correlated with eating behaviors and body mass index, whereas physical activity was significantly associated with the prevalence of overweight/obesity and high stress. The prevalence of overweight/obesity (53.8%) and high stress (52.5%) was higher in males. Adolescents’ obesity was 2.212 times more likely who had a sedentary lifestyle (95% CI 1.377–3.552), 1.13 times more likely for those who had experienced stress due to school/leisure conflict (95% CI 1.051–1.222), and 1.634 times more likely for those who were tempted by restrained eating behavior (95% CI 1.495–1.786).

Conclusion

Stress on secondary school-and-college-going students needs to be recognized, and strategies need to be developed to improve adolescents’ mental health.
Genome editing in cultured fishes
Authors: Hallerman Eric
Published: December 2021

With external fertilization, high fecundity, and established methods for propagation and larval rearing for cultured species, fish provide systems well suited to genome-editing procedures. While early experiments utilized zinc-finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), most recent ones have used the CRISPR/Cas9 editor, and achieved rates of targeted genomic insertion well above those of classical transgenic methods, with lower frequencies of off-site integration. Genome-editing experiments with cultured fishes have focused on improving growth rate and disease resistance, achievement of reproductive confinement, and other valued traits. As reviewed here, advances in knowledge of key molecular pathways and, in some cases, favorable alterations of phenotype have been achieved. For example, loss-of-function of myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth, led to increased muscle mass, greater weight, and greater fillet yield in genome-edited lines of red sea bream, tiger puffer, and Nile tilapia than in their unedited counterparts. The red sea bream line become the first genome-edited animal to reach commercial production. As for all animals, wide adoption of genome-edited fishes will depend upon addressing issues of regulation, consumer acceptance, and breeding infrastructure.
Untangling the KRAS mutated lung cancer subsets and its therapeutic implications
Authors: Ritu Kulshrestha , Kumar Pawan , Singh Amit , Nupur K. , Spalgias Sonam , Mrigpuri Parul , Rajkumar
Published: December 2021

The Kirsten rat sarcoma virus transforming protein (KRAS) mutations (predominate in codons 12, 13, and 61) and genomically drive nearly one-third of lung carcinomas. These mutations have complex functions in tumorigenesis, and influence the tumor response to chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors resulting in a poorer patient prognosis. Recent attempts using targeted therapies against KRAS alone have met with little success. The existence of specific subsets of lung cancer based on KRAS mutations and coexisting mutations are suggested. Their interactions need further elaboration before newer promising targeted therapies for KRAS mutant lung cancers can be used as earlier lines of therapy. We summarize the existing knowledge of KRAS mutations and their coexisting mutations that is relevant to lung cancer treatment, in this review. We elaborate on the prognostic impact of clinical and pathologic characteristics of lung cancer patients associated with KRAS mutations. We briefly review the currently available techniques for KRAS mutation detection on biopsy and cytology samples. Finally, we discuss the new therapeutic strategies for targeting KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These may herald a new era in the treatment of KRASG12Cmutated NSCLC as well as be helpful to develop demographic subsets to predict targeted therapies and prognosis of lung cancer patients.
The effectiveness of telepsychiatry: thematic review
Authors: Sharma Gunjan , Devan Karrish
Published: December 2021

Aims and method

This review aims to clarify the evidence on the effectiveness of telepsychiatry following the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a literature review of three databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed and PsycINFO), using the terms virtual consultation/telepsychiatry/video consultation AND psychiatry/mental illness.

Results

We identified 325 eligible papers and conducted a thematic analysis resulting in five themes: patient and clinical satisfaction, diagnostic reliability, outcomes, technology and professional guidance. The most significant factors linked to effectiveness of telepsychiatry were patient and clinician satisfaction and adequate technology to facilitate examination of the patient.

Clinical implications

The consistent diagnostic reliability, satisfactory clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction linked to telepsychiatry favour its continued use once the pandemic ends. The main barrier is reluctance among clinicians and lack of professional guidance. We recommend education on the uses of telepsychiatry among clinicians, and the provision of professional guidance for its use from medical bodies and organisations.
CircRNA-WNK2 Acts as a ceRNA for miR-328a-3p to Promote AANAT Expression in the Male Rat Pineal Gland
Authors: Zheng Yi , Wang Hao-Qi , Guo Hai-Xiang , Xie Heng-Li , Zhang Wei-Di , Han Dong-Xu , Jiang Hao , Yuan Bao , Zhang Jia-Bao
Published: December 2021

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are expressed with a daily rhythm in the rat pineal gland, are associated with the regulation of melatonin secretion and other biological functions. However, the mechanisms of these molecules in the rat pineal gland are not yet fully understood. In this study, we found that circR-WNK2 was highly expressed at night, which may be involved in the regulation of melatonin secretion through the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism. By dual luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays, we found that miR-328a-3p can target circR-WNK2 and the Aa-nat mRNA 3′UTR. Transfection experiments indicated that circR-WNK2 could competitively bind to miR-328a-3p, reduce miR-328a-3p expression, and promote Aa-nat gene expression and melatonin secretion. And by constructing a superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) rat model, we found that ncRNAs expression in the pineal gland was regulated by signals from the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This finding supports the hypothesis that these noncoding RNAs may interact to shape the circadian rhythm through transcriptional processing in melatonin synthesis.
Contribution of protein–protein interactions to the endothelial-barrier-stabilizing function of KRIT1
Authors: Swamy Harsha , Glading Angela J.
Published: December 2021

Krev-interaction trapped protein 1 (KRIT1) is an endothelial scaffold protein that promotes adherens junction (AJ) stability. The precise mechanism by which KRIT1 promotes barrier stabilization is unclear. We tested the ability of a panel of KRIT1 constructs containing mutations that inhibit Rap1 binding, ICAP1α binding, disrupt KRIT1's phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, or direct KRIT1 to the plasma membrane, either alone or in combination, to restore barrier function in KRIT1-deficient endothelial cells. We found that ablating the 192NPAY195 motif or disrupting the PTB domain was sufficient to restore AJ protein localization and barrier function to control levels, irrespective of the junctional localization of KRIT1 or Rap1 binding. The ability of our KRIT1 constructs to rescue AJ and barrier function in KRIT1-depleted endothelial cells correlated with decreased β1 integrin activity and maintenance of cortical actin fibers. Taken together, our findings indicate that Rap1 binding, ICAP1α binding and junctional localization are not required for the ability of KRIT1 to stabilize endothelial contacts, and suggest that the ability of KRIT1 to limit integrin activity could be involved in barrier stabilization.
The histone H4 lysine 20 demethylase DPY-21 regulates the dynamics of condensin DC binding
Authors: Breimann Laura , Morao Ana Karina , Kim Jun , Sebastian Jimenez David , Maryn Nina , Bikkasani Krishna , Carrozza Michael J. , Albritton Sarah E. , Kramer Maxwell , Street Lena Annika , Cerimi Kustrim , Schumann Vic-Fabienne , Bahry Ella , Preibisch Stephan , Woehler Andrew , Ercan Sevinç
Published: December 2021

Condensin is a multi-subunit structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complex that binds to and compacts chromosomes. Here, we addressed the regulation of condensin binding dynamics using Caenorhabditis elegans condensin DC, which represses X chromosomes in hermaphrodites for dosage compensation. We established fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) using the SMC4 homolog DPY-27 and showed that a well-characterized ATPase mutation abolishes DPY-27 binding to X chromosomes. Next, we performed FRAP in the background of several chromatin modifier mutants that cause varying degrees of X chromosome derepression. The greatest effect was in a null mutant of the H4K20me2 demethylase DPY-21, where the mobile fraction of condensin DC reduced from ∼30% to 10%. In contrast, a catalytic mutant of dpy-21 did not regulate condensin DC mobility. Hi-C sequencing data from the dpy-21 null mutant showed little change compared to wild-type data, uncoupling Hi-C-measured long-range DNA contacts from transcriptional repression of the X chromosomes. Taken together, our results indicate that DPY-21 has a non-catalytic role in regulating the dynamics of condensin DC binding, which is important for transcription repression.
Indication to post-operative radiotherapy for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: what’s new in the depth of infiltration (DOI) era?
Authors: Alterio Daniela , De Berardinis Rita , Augugliaro Matteo , D’Urso Pasqualina , Volpe Stefania , Maffini Fausto , Bruschini Roberto , Marvaso Giulia , Riccio Stefano , Tagliabue Marta , Turturici Irene , Farneti Alessia , Calabrese Luca , Starzyńska Anna , Ferrari Annamaria , Zaffaroni Mattia , Jereczek-Fossa Barbara Alicja , Sanguineti Giuseppe , Ansarin Mohssen
Published: December 2021

Objective:

The last edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC eighth) has introduced the depth of infiltration (DOI) as a new prognostic parameter in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OCSCCs). The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of stage migration on the indication to post-operative radiotherapy (PORT).

Methods:

OCSCCs treated at two institutions between 2014 and 2019 were retrieved. As per the AJCC eighth, only pT3 primarily OCSCCs were considered; availability of the pathologic specimen was a further inclusion criterion. Risk factors considered for PORT were: pT3-pT4, nodal involvement, positive/close surgical margins, perineural and lymph vascular invasion.

Results:

149 patients staged as pT3 AJCC eighth were included. A four-fold increase in the number of patients staged as pT3 from the seventh to the eighth AJCC was found. Stage migration to pT3 was equally due to the downstaging from former pT4 (38%) and upstaging of former pT1-pT2 (35%). Considering the former pT1-pT2 53 patients, 13 (25%) had no risk factors for PORT other than DOI. Among 25 cases with former pT1-pT2 and negative lymph nodes, no additional risk factors were found in 11 (44%).

Conclusion:

90% of patients had at least one risk factor besides DOI and would have received PORT also according to the AJCC seventh; notably, of former pT1-pT2N0, half of them have been upstaged to pT3 in the current TNM classification. The role of PORT in this cohort of patients has not been clarified yet.

Advances in knowledge:

Other-than-DOI risk factors leading to PORT indication are highly prevalent in OCSSC patients classified as pT3 per the latest AJCC TNM staging system and should therefore be considered for a comprehensive oncological assessment.
Utilizing CT soft-tissue markers as a screening tool for acute invasive fungal sinusitis
Authors: John Deepa Susan , Shyam Karthik , Andrew Dhilip , Cicilet Soumya , Deepalam Saikanth Reddy
Published: December 2021

Objectives:

Acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS) is a rapidly progressive disease, whose delayed identification results in poor outcomes, especially in immunocompromised individuals. A surge in of AIFS in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic has lent additional morbidity and mortality to an already precarious clinical scenario. Early detection of AIFS in individuals who are symptomatic/ at risk can allow early therapy, enabling better patient outcomes. Our study aims to determine optimal soft-tissue markers on CT for the early detection of AIFS.

Methods:

In this case–control study, 142 patients with equal distribution of subjects were chosen based on histopathological diagnosis of AIFS; and their non-contrast CT scans were retrospectively assessed to determine the diagnostic utility of specific soft-tissue markers that would enable diagnosis of AIFS.

Results:

A total of nine markers with adequate sensitivity and specificity were identified, including pterygopalatine and sphenopalatine fossae, inferior orbital fissure and nasolacrimal duct involvement, premaxillary thickening, retro-antral and orbital stranding, and infratemporal muscle oedema. It was determined that the combined occurrence of any three out of nine markers was 91.5% sensitive and 95.9% specific for diagnosis of AIFS (p < 0.005).

Conclusion:

Early, accurate detection of AIFS in predisposed individuals is possible with identification of soft-tissue markers on NECT, enabling early intervention.

Advances in knowledge:

Being the aggressive disease that it is, AIFS may be managed early if the index of suspicion is held high via CT imaging; which our diagnostic checklist aims at enabling.
The quantitative impact of joint peer review with a specialist radiologist in head and neck cancer radiotherapy planning
Authors: Chiu Kevin , Hoskin Peter , Gupta Amit , Butt Roeum , Terparia Samsara , Codd Louise , Tsang Yatman , Bhudia Jyotsna , Killen Helen , Kane Clare , Ghoshray Subhadip , Lemon Catherine , Megias Daniel
Published: December 2021

Objectives:

Radiologist input in peer review of head and neck radiotherapy has been introduced as a routine departmental approach. The aim was to evaluate this practice and to quantitatively analyse the changes made.

Methods:

Patients treated with radical-dose radiotherapy between August and November 2020 were reviewed. The incidence of major and minor changes, as defined by The Royal College of Radiologists guidance, was prospectively recorded. The amended radiotherapy volumes were compared with the original volumes using Jaccard Index (JI) to assess conformity; Geographical Miss Index (GMI) for undercontouring; and Hausdorff Distance (HD) between the volumes.

Results:

In total, 73 out of 87 (84%) patients were discussed. Changes were recommended in 38 (52%) patients: 30 had ≥1 major change, eight had minor changes only. There were 99 amended volumes: The overall median JI, GMI and HD was 0.91 (interquartile range [IQR]=0.80–0.97), 0.06 (IQR = 0.02–0.18) and 0.42 cm (IQR = 0.20–1.17 cm), respectively. The nodal gross-tumour-volume (GTVn) and therapeutic high-dose nodal clinical-target-volume (CTVn) had the biggest magnitude of changes: The median JI, GMI and HD of GTVn was 0.89 (IQR = 0.44–0.95), 0.11 (IQR = 0.05–0.51), 3.71 cm (IQR = 0.31–6.93 cm); high-dose CTVn was 0.78 (IQR = 0.59–0.90), 0.20 (IQR = 0.07–0.31) and 3.28 cm (IQR = 1.22–6.18 cm), respectively. There was no observed difference in the quantitative indices of the 85 ‘major’ and 14 ‘minor’ volumes (p = 0.5).

Conclusions:

Routine head and neck radiologist input in radiotherapy peer review is feasible and can help avoid gross error in contouring.

Advances in knowledge:

The major and minor classifications may benefit from differentiation with quantitative indices but requires correlation from clinical outcomes.
Strychnine poisoning due to traditional Chinese medicine: a case series
Authors: Tong Hok-Fung , Chan Candace Yim , Ng Sau-Wah , Mak Tony Wing-Lai
Published: December 2021

Background: Strychnine poisoning is rare but possibly fatal. The most reported sources of strychnine poisoning include rodenticides and adulterated street heroin. Here we report a case series of an unusual cause of strychnine poisoning – Strychni semen, a herb known as “maqianzi” in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

Methods: All cases of strychnine poisoning confirmed by the Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory (HATRL, the highest-level clinical toxicology laboratory in Hong Kong) between May 2005 and May 2018 were reviewed.

Results: Twelve cases of strychnine poisoning were recorded, and Strychni semen was the exclusive source. Ten (83%) patients presented with muscle spasms, and four (33%) developed typical conscious convulsions. The poisoning was severe in two (17%) patients, moderate in three (25%) and mild in eight (58%). No case fatality was recorded. Three (25%) patients were TCM practitioners and two (17%) were laymen who bought the herb themselves without a proper prescription.

Conclusion: The practice of TCM is becoming popular in different parts of the world amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The spectrum of clinical features of strychnine poisoning secondary to Strychni semen are similar to those arising from different origins. Eliciting a history of TCM use, apart from exposure to rodenticides and drugs of abuse, may allow timely diagnosis in patients with compatible clinical features. Enhancement of TCM safety could minimize the hazard.
Zygmunt Miłkowski (Tomasz Teodor Jeż) a Narodowa Demokracja
Authors: Zaleska Ilona
Published: December 2021

Zygmunt Miłkowski to jedna najważniejszych postaci polskiej emigracji demokratycznej, mogąca się poszczycić imponującym dorobkiem pisarskim oraz doświadczeniem działalności politycznej. Za przełomowy w jego politycznym życiorysie można uznać 1887 rok, w którym ukazała się broszura „Rzecz o obronie czynnej i Skarbie Narodowym”, a także powstała niepodległościowa Liga Polska. Miłkowski był współtwórcą organizacji oraz autorem podstawy programowej. W ramach Ligi Miłkowski nawiązał współpracę z przyszłymi prominentnymi politykami ruchu narodowo-demokratycznego. Współpraca ta była kontynuowana również po rozwiązaniu Ligi Polskiej i powstaniu w jej miejsce Ligi Narodowej, której ton nadawali trzej działacze: Roman Dmowski, Zygmunt Balicki i Jan Ludwik Popławski. Z Ligi Narodowej wyrosła jedna z najważniejszych polskich formacji politycznych - Narodowa Demokracja. Miłkowski od początku wspierał działalność Ligi wierząc, że będzie ona realizowała program niepodległościowy. Reorientacja polityczna Narodowej Demokracji w kierunku polityki rozumnej ugody z Rosją dokonująca się w pierwszym dziesięcioleciu XX w., nigdy nie zyskała jego akceptacji. Zaważyła na dalszych relacjach  z endecją i sprawiła, że Miłkowski publicznie potępił dawnych uczniów i politycznych sojuszników.
Portugalska Rewolucja Goździków w 1974 roku. Przyczyny-przebieg-następstwa
Authors: Kubiak Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

Streszczenie 25 kwietnia 1974 w Lizbonie rozpoczął się wojskowy zamach stanu wymierzony w autorytarne państwo. Odniósł błyskawiczny sukces. Przejęcie władzy przez wojsko rozpoczęło ciąg niezwykle turbulentnych wydarzeń o kluczowym znaczeniu dla przyszłości państwa. Za zakończenie owego okresu uznać można 25 listopada 1975 roku.  Wtedy to również wojsko udaremniło kolejną próbę zamachu organizowaną przez oficerów o radykalnie lewicowych poglądach. Celem artykułu jest dokonanie rekonstrukcji przyczyn, które doprowadziły do zamachu oraz omówienie przebiegu wydarzeń między kwietniem 1974 roku a listopadem roku następnego. Okres ten określany jest w artykule mianem Rewolucji goździków. Autor posłużył się metodą studium przypadku, w wariancie ukierunkowanym nie tylko na opis, ale również na zaprezentowanie kontekstu badanego zjawiska. Podłużono się opracowaniami w języku portugalskimi angielskim, a także wyborem portugalskich dokumentów i aktów prawnych. AbstractOn April 25 1974 the military coup d'état aimed at the authoritarian state started in Lisboan. The rebels achieved an instant success. The takeover of power by the military started a series of extremely turbulent events of key importance for the future of the state. The end of this period can be considered November 25 1975. It was also then that the military foiled another attempted conducted by officers with radical leftist views. The aim of the article is to reconstruct the causes that led to the coup d'état in April 1974, to discuss the course of events between April 1974 and November of the following year. The period is referred to in this article as the Revolution cloves. The paper presents the consequences of these events for the further history of the Portugal. The author used the case study method in a variant aimed not only at description but also at presenting the context of the phenomenon under study. The studies in Portuguese and English, as well as the selection of Portuguese documents and legal acts, were extended.
The ruler in the "citizen’s garb" or the image of dynasts in Trajan Decius’s coinage (249–251)
Authors: Kluczek Agata Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

The article tackles the promotion of Trajan Decius’s family members in representations featured on medallions and coins (249–251). It focuses on images that feature two or three representatives of the dynasty. Such joint representations manifested the stability of the dynasty’s rule, the collaboration of the members of the dynasty and the resulting benefits for the empire and its inhabitants, which is indicated by the following ideas: concordia, pietas, liberalitas, promoted by the mint in Rome. What links the imperial coinage with the provincial one is the representation of rulers in togae, seated on sellae curules. This image of the dynasty members was utilised on the coins from Anazarbus. This bears testimony to the practical significance of the imperial representations, especially in terms of the rivalry of the provincial elites vying for their position in this region of the empire.
Lud – zapomniany komponent polskiej historii
Authors: Wijaczka Jacek
Published: December 2021

Niniejszy tekst jest artykułem recenzyjnym dotyczącym książki Adama Leszczyńskiego poświęconej historii wyzysku chłopów, mieszczan i robotników w dziejach Polski. Moje uwagi odnoszą się głównie do epoki wczesnonowożytnej i pominiętej przez autora książki roli Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w tej historii.
Orfeusz, śpiewak mityczny – ani tracki ani pieryjski. Polemika z recenzją Krzysztofa Nawotki
Authors: Mojsik Tomasz
Published: December 2021

Streszczenie: Artykuł jest polemiką z recenzją Krzysztofa Nawotki („Klio” 2020, t. 54, s. 199–208) i skupia się na kwestiach źródłoznawczych, metodologii, etniczności antycznej i badaniach nad mitem. Abstract: The article is a polemic with a review by Krzysztof Nawotka (“Klio” 2020, vol. 54, pp. 199–208) and focuses on the issues of source studies, methodology, ancien ethnicity and research on myth.
Nie jestem jak ty. Męskość hegemoniczna we współczesnym południowoafrykańskim kinie queer
Authors: Mączko Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

I'm not Like you. Hegemonic Masculinity in Contemporary South African Queer Cinema
This article aims to describe common cultural types of masculinity in the South African society and illustrate their presence in contemporary local queer cinema. The historical and social circumstances that helped shape dominant South African forms of masculinity will be presented. The theory of hegemonic masculinity, first developed in the 1980s, will also be used. In the latter part of the article, three recent South African films will be analyzed: Beauty (Skoonheid, 2011, dir. O. Hermanus), The Wound (Inxeba, 2017, dir. J. Trengove), and Moffie (2019, dir. O. Hermanus). They will serve as examples of how Afrikaner and indigenous masculinities function, as well as what consequences await individuals who don’t conform to said patterns.
Market Efficient Portfolios in a Systemic Economy
Authors: Awiszus Kerstin , Capponi Agostino , Weber Stefan
Published: December 2021

Diversification vs. Diversity – How is the Efficiency of Markets Affected?

Prices aggregate information that is dispersed in the economy; they thereby facilitate the allocation of scarce resources. Inefficiencies may arise from deviations of market prices from their fundamental values. In “Market Efficient Portfolios in a Systemic Economy”, Awiszus, Capponi, and Weber investigate the impact of the trade-off between diversity and diversification on inefficiencies in secondary markets due to asset illiquidity and leverage constraints of financial institutions.

The authors identify two key determining factors. These are the systemic significance of the banks and the statistical properties of the fundamental asset shocks. Systemic significance is driven by the banks’ target leverage, their trading strategies, and the illiquidity characteristics of the assets. The paper demonstrates that portfolio diversification is typically not efficient. In fact, efficient portfolio holdings may strongly deviate from this standard paradigm, especially if the banks have similar characteristics.
The Differential Impact of Intrafirm Collaboration and Technological Network Centrality on Employees’ Likelihood of Leaving the Firm
Authors: Tzabbar Daniel , Cirillo Bruno , Breschi Stefano
Published: December 2021

How does an employee’s centrality in intrafirm research and development activities affect the employee’s propensity for outward mobility? Does this proclivity vary by the type of employment the employee seeks: moving to other firms versus founding a new venture? We maintain that, to answer these questions, we must distinguish between an employee’s centrality in the intrafirm collaboration network and the employee’s centrality in the intrafirm technological recombination network. We utilize the curricula vitae and patent data of corporate inventors at a leading semiconductor company between 1993 and 2012 to test our hypotheses. Contrary to prevailing views, our competing risk model indicates that corporate inventors who are central in the intrafirm collaboration and technological network and, thus, have the most opportunities are less likely to leave the current employer. However, when considering external employment opportunities, their preferences vary. Collaboration-central individuals are more likely to start a new venture than to move to another employer. Their skill in developing interpersonal relationships enables them to attract the tangible and intangible resources needed in a new firm. In contrast, inventors whose technological expertise is central to the firm’s technology recombination network are more likely to move to another employer than to start a new venture. In an established firm, they can leverage their technological know-how using the resources that a new venture would lack. Our theory highlights the trade-offs in employees’ attempts to take advantage of their internal and external value based on their position within the firm’s collaboration and technological networks.

Funding: The authors thank LeBow College of Business, SKEMA Business School, and Bocconi University for their financial support.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1535 .
Intelectuais indígenas e produção historiográfica: contribuições da Comunidad de Historia Mapuche para a descolonização do pensamento
Authors: Seixlack Alessandra Gonzalez de Carvalho , Castro Fernando Luiz Vale
Published: December 2021

O combate ao colonialismo interno consiste atualmente em uma das principais pautas da resistência indígena. Ao lançar luz sobre a permanência das estruturas coloniais de dominação, os setores indígenas das sociedades americanas relativizam os verdadeiros alcances obtidos pelas independências e pelo processo de formação dos Estados nacionais no continente. Nesse contexto, torna-se central a atuação do intelectual indígena. Esse artigo busca promover um debate teórico acerca do conceito de intelectual, assim como pensar as contribuições historiográficas dos intelectuais indígenas, a partir da experiência da Comunidad de Historia Mapuche, para a descolonização do pensamento e a superação da subalternização.
REVISTA CONTRAPONTO: UMA VISÃO HUMANIZADA DO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO E SEUS PERSONAGENS
Authors: Barreto Ivana
Published: December 2021

Resumo: Os meios de comunicação de massa contribuem para o processo de reciclagem de estereótipos e preconceitos e, como resultado, muitos deles se tornam duradouros. Nesse sentido, a preocupação com a questão dos direitos humanos é inquestionável, bem como sua discussão e produção de pesquisas no âmbito universitário. Desse modo, alunos do Curso de Jornalismo da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) produziram uma revista para se opor ao conteúdo predominante da mídia hegemônica, apresentando visões mais humanizadas sobre o município do Rio de Janeiro e alguns de seus personagens. O objetivo foi realizar uma cobertura reflexiva, contribuindo para o questionamento dos estereótipos mencionados. A linha editorial foi baseada nos direitos humanos e na ética. Devido à falta de patrocínio e dificuldades de impressão, o produto tornou-se disponível na internet e está sendo divulgado em congressos. A metodologia incluiu pesquisas sobre os temas elencados, trabalho de campo e entrevistas. Periodicamente, foram realizadas reuniões para avaliar a produção e sua vinculação com a linha editorial. Quanto aos resultados, há o prêmio na XXIII Expocom Sudeste e a receptividade na própria universidade. Este artigo, portanto, é um relato de experiência da Revista Contraponto.Palavras-chave: Direitos Humanos. Ética. Jornalismo. Revista. Contraponto.Abstract : The mass media contributes to the process of recycling stereotypes and prejudices and as result many of them become enduring. In this sense, the concern with the issue of Human Rights is undisputed as wellas its discussion and production of research in the university level. Thus, students from the Journalism Course of UFRRJ produced a magazine in order to oppose the prevailing contente of the hegemonic media, presenting more humanized visions about Rio de Janeiro and some of its characters. The goal was to carry out reflective coverage, contributing to the questioning of the stereotypes. The editorial line was based on the humanrights and ethics. Due to the lack of sponsorship and printing difficulties, the product became available on the internet and is being also publicized in congresses. The methodology included research on the themes listed, field work and interviews. Periodically, meetings were held to evaluate the production and its link to the editorial line. As regards the results, there are the XXIII Expocom Sudeste Award and receptivity in the university it self. This article, therefore, is an experience report of the Revista Contraponto.Keywords: Human rights. Ethics. Jornalism. Magazine. Contraponto.
OS DESAFIOS DO TRABALHO EM GRUPO NA PANDEMIA, A PARTIR DA EXPERIÊNCIA COM UM GRUPO DE DISCUSSÃO ONLINE SOBRE GÊNERO
Authors: Sapateiro Mariana Rodrigues , Sanvesso Lucas Koltun , Silva Rafael Bianchi
Published: December 2021

Resumo: Este artigo é um relato de experiência de um grupo de discussão online com o tema “Gênero e Docência”, fruto de uma intervenção de estágio do curso de Psicologia, no contexto da pandemia do Covid-19, no Brasil. A reflexão se volta para a questão do esvaziamento do grupo. Para tanto, discutem-se temas como os desafios de se estabelecer diálogo; a formação de vínculos e a constituição de grupo; a lógica produtivista de formação, no contexto atual; e as dificuldades do trabalho com grupo, em ambiente online. A partir desses norteadores, constatou-se que não houve consolidação efetiva de um grupo de trabalho. Mesmo assim, entende-se que as hipóteses levantadas para compreender o fenômeno do esvaziamento do grupo podem contribuir com futuros estudos acerca da temática, já que este tipo de modalidade se tornou um fenômeno atual que demanda melhor compreensão para a pesquisa, no campo das ciências humanas.Palavras-chave: Grupo online. Gênero. Docência. Pandemia. Abstract: This article is an experience report of an online discussion group with the theme “Gender and Teaching”, the result of an internship intervention form the Psychology degree, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. The reflection turns to the discussion on the emptying of the group. For it, topics such as the challenges of establishing dialogue, the formation of bonds and the constitution of a group, the productive logic in academic formation in the current context and the difficulties of working with groups in an online environment are discussed. Based on these guidelines, it is stated that there was no effective consolidation of a work group. Even so, it is understood that the hypotheses raised to understand the phenomenon of group emptying can contribute to future studies on the subject, as this type of modality is a current phenomenon that demands better understanding for research in the field of human sciences.Keywords: Online group. Gender. Teaching. Pandemic.
Study of the Current State of the Economic Potential of Industrial Enterprises of Ukraine
Authors:   SHEI Donbass State Engineering Academy, Gitis T. , Bornikov A. ,   SHEI Donbass State Engineering Academy, Duplyakina S. ,   SHEI Donbass State Engineering Academy, Moroz S. ,   SHEI Donbass State Engineering Academy
Published: December 2021

Industrial enterprises in modern conditions of economic activity are the primary link of the economy. This determines the priority of industrial development in the context of ensuring sustainable economic growth in Ukraine. Currently, the Ukrainian industry is in a state of crisis, the emergence of which is largely due to the global economic crisis, the military confrontation in the East of the country and the loss of control over part of the territory of Donbass, the COVID -19 pandemic. The presence of these factors hindering economic development is due to the external environment for the Ukrainian industry, to which, for objective reasons, it is only possible to adapt. In the current situation, it is advisable to pay attention to the possibility of realizing the internal economic potential of industrial enterprises. The article examines the current state of the economic potential of the Ukrainian industry in terms of such basic components as: material resources (basic production facilities), human resources and financial resources (in the context of ensuring the introduction of innovations). According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the condition of the main production facilities of most industrial enterprises is unsatisfactory due to their significant deterioration. At the same time, the reduction in the volume of capital investments in tangible assets, which has been observed in recent years, hinders the processes of technical re-equipment and modernization of domestic industrial production. In addition, industrial enterprises in Ukraine have been losing their labor potential for a long time, which is a very negative trend from the point of view of ensuring economic development, since it carries the threat of a significant shortage of qualified labor in the future. Most domestic industrial enterprises lack their own financial resources to introduce innovations, which determines their low innovation activity and limits the possibilities of ensuring economic development. In order to summarize the results of the study, the value of the integral index of the economic potential of industry in 2011-2020 was determined, which confirmed the revealed trend regarding the reduction of the economic potential of Ukrainian industrial enterprises. Overcoming this problem requires the implementation of measures aimed at ensuring the economic development of Ukraine's industry at the state level.
The impact of Privatization on the Port Systems of the World
Authors:   Donetsk State University of Management, Demianchenko A. , Dergausov M. ,   Donetsk State University of Management, Ryabchuk V. ,   Donetsk State University of Management
Published: December 2021

The maritime freight industry plays an important role in world trade, allowing countries to use the relatively cheap option of moving goods from one part of the world to another. Seaports play an important role in this process. It has been argued that port privatization promotes foreign investment and infrastructural development of the country, as well as provides access to technology to improve overall operational productivity. For many, if not all, coastal countries, ports are critical hubs for international trade flows. If they work effectively, the economy, the electorate and the country as a whole will benefit – but, unfortunately, the opposite is also true. In essence, ports have been nominated as ideal candidates for privatization because, by exchanging millions of tons of cargo and passengers each year, their level of productivity and efficiency affects the entire economy. In addition, with extremely large investment portfolios due to the nature of the infrastructure and superstructures required for the efficient operation of the port, long-term return on investment is critical to justify sustainability. Standard economic theory assumes that under highly competitive market conditions, marginal costs will be equal to marginal revenue, and a fully competitive quantity of goods or services will be supplied and purchased. Ports can perform various functions. Land ownership applies to tangible assets such as embankment walls, berths, terminals and parking areas. The regulation of the port concerns navigation and ensuring compliance with such issues as waste removal, safety of crew members, operation of vessels. In the above models, a purely state seaport will be a port where all three elements are under state control. A purely private port would be the opposite of the above, where all three elements are under the control of a private organization. A complication may exist when all three elements are provided privately by the same entity, which may develop a monopoly and lead to market failure. The public-private port system will be one where the land is state-owned, the port is regulated by the state, while the actual operation is performed privately. This allows the state to have a controlling stake in key elements such as land, infrastructure and regulation, while operations are improved in terms of efficiency because they are performed privately. There are two models of port management or regulatory management: complex, lease and "tool". The analysis shows that there is no clear directive as to whether private ownership prevails over state ownership, and any privatization decision must take into account its objectives, unique market conditions and the general constraints encountered in privatizing the firm.
Theoretical Approaches to the Definition of «Digital Logistics»
Authors:   Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine, Shkrygun Yu.
Published: December 2021

A retrospective analysis of the essence of the term «logistics», consideration of different scientific approaches, the historical context of the evolutionary development of logistics can be considered as a theoretical basis for the definition of digital logistics. In the context of the spread of digitalization and strengthening the relationship and speed of interaction of market participants in logistics services, a comprehensive understanding of the essence of digital logistics and prospects for its further development is the key to effective business. The article presents the key components and main trends in the development of digital logistics. Emphasis is placed on the importance of taking into account changes in consumer consciousness, in particular environmental responsibility, as a result of the impact of digitalization on the market, taking into account the final personalized consumer.