bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE POWER OF CHATBOTS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING: A NEW AGE OF LEARNING
Authors: Harisha Nurul , Suminih Suminih , Oktaviana Fadilla
Published: June 2024

Chatbots are a new type of artificial intelligence. Chat bots are software systems that use natural language processing to assist humans with a variety of tasks. This study investigates the effectiveness of chatbots in English language learning and investigates undergraduate students' viewpoints. The study's goal is to better understand the benefits and drawbacks of employing chatbots in language learning, as well as to examine students' opinions of their efficacy. The qualitative descriptive methodology was used in the research, the researchers used to collect data from 1 to 30 undergraduate students for questionnaires and 3 students for interviews at Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin State Islamic University in Banten. The findings and discussion underscore chatbots' potential to provide speedy, tailored assistance in English language acquisition. While the report emphasizes their ease of use and accessibility, it also notes constraints such as possible errors and platform limits. Overall, chatbots have the potential to improve accessibility and provide individualized help in language instruction
THE INTEGRATION OF SMART BOARD TECHNOLOGY IN LEARNING GRAMMAR: STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Susanti Anida , Hasanah Uswatun , Oktaviana Fadilla
Published: June 2024

The objective of this research is to find does using smart board helps students in learning grammar and to find the students’ perspective about using smart board technology in learning grammar. This research methodology uses a quantitative research design with a survey approach, including interviews and questionnaires. The participants of this study were 30 junior high school students in Serang, Banten. Data analysis used Likert scale and Miles, Huberman, and Saldana approach. The data analysis for the questionnaire used a Likert scale. The results showed a high level of agreement among the students regarding the benefits of using Smart board technology for grammar learning, with a calculated percentage score of 81.66%, indicating a perception of "Strongly agree". Furthermore, the results from this study show that students have a positive view towards the integration of Smart board technology in grammar teaching in junior high school. Students feel that Smart board is an effective tool to enhance learning, engagement and motivation in English grammar classes.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS' SELF-ESTEEM AND STUDENTS' SPEAKING ANXIETY TOWARD SPEAKING PERFORMANCE OF EFL STUDENTS
Authors: Pratama Bayu Fitria , Syahid Abdul , Siminto Siminto
Published: June 2024

: Harga diri adalah bagaimana seseorang menilai seberapa jauh seseorang yakin dirinya mampu, berarti, sukses, dan berharga bagi orang lain, namun Kecemasan Bahasa Asing merupakan suatu kondisi mental tidak aman disertai tekanan tubuh ketika dihadapkan pada situasi baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji tingkat harga diri siswa dan kecemasan siswa dengan kinerja berbicara siswa. Penelitian ini akan ditujukan pada mahasiswa mata kuliah berbicara, dengan mengidentifikasi (1) Apakah ada korelasi antara harga diri mahasiswa dengan kecemasan berbahasa asing (2) Untuk mengukur hubungan antara Harga diri mahasiswa dengan kecemasan Bahasa Asing (3) Untuk mengukur hubungan antara kecemasan bahasa asing siswa dan tes kinerja berbicara. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan desain korelasional. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara suatu variabel dengan variabel lainnya. Langkah selanjutnya adalah mengukur korelasi ketiga variabel tersebut. Peneliti menggunakan SPSS untuk menguji data. Ada tiga langkah yang peneliti lakukan: mengukur Korelasi antara harga diri dan Kinerja berbicara, Korelasi antara Kecemasan dan Kinerja berbicara, dan Korelasi antara harga diri dan Kecemasan berbicara terhadap Kinerja berbicara. Temuan penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa ketiga variabel tersebut tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan. Ini berarti kemampuan berbicara mereka tidak menunjukkan harga diri dan kecemasan yang lebih tinggi di kalangan siswa. Oleh karena itu, harga diri dan Kecemasan berbicara siswa tidak menunjukkan kinerja berbicara siswa yang paling rendah.
Microstrip patch antenna fabricated and simulated results for S-Band, C-band and X-band antenna for space and communication applications
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Raza Ali , Adnan Muhammad , Maryam Hina , Mukhtar Musaddaq , Liaqat Maryam
Published: June 2024

Different Microstrip patch antennas (MPA) designed and used for different applications from medical to wireless technology to satellite applications. Frequency range of S, C and X band are designed with different substrate of FR4 and polyimide. MPA are easy to fabricate in compact form with 4 to 18 array of antennas. Bow-Tie antenna designed for S-Band and an array of compact X-band antenna is designed and analyzed to achieve fixed satellite service (FSS) as shown in figure with band of 7.89 GHz-10.49GHz with gain up to 35dB. Another design with 6 GHz frequency designed with a plan background categorize in C-Band. Third design is with SSR background to simulate the antenna with X band. Antennas have been simulated and the fabricated using chemical etching process and the results were compared. Impedance, S11, gain and directivity were observed with different shapes of antennas at different frequency band.  Moreover, the proposed antenna design can be used as an element in an array configuration to achieve high gain in both transmission and reception modes of FSS.
Reimagining neo-chinese interiors via the lens of semiotics
Authors: Kewei Xu , Aziz Azlaini Bin Haji Abdul , Mustapha Arniatul Aiza Binti
Published: June 2024

Globalization has inevitably disrupted the sanctity of the local culture of countries in the world under the impact of dominant foreign culture. Ignoring the preservation of domestic culture will lead to cultural homogenization and loss of identity. Attributable to this, protecting local culture has become one of the most crucial agendas in many countries’ cultural development planning, including China. One of the most potent approaches to this is through design. The emergence of Neo-Chinese interior design in China has created a window to forward new interpretations and meanings while preserving the Chinese culture through contemporary interior design. The study attempts to formulate a new design model by interpreting and conveying meanings of Chinese traditional culture through the material form using semiotics. Meanings from Chinese traditional paintings will be decoded to help formulate the structures for the new proposed model of the Neo-Chinese interior design. They will serve as the research variable and the basis of the study. The outcome of this research can be helpful to Chinese interior designers while also acting as a reference for other countries to maintain and develop the nationality of their design.
DAMPAK RASIO KEUANGAN, PASAR SAHAM, DAN NILAI TUKAR PADA RETURN SAHAM INDOCEMENT TUNGGAL PRAKARSA
Authors: Sitompul Grace Orlyn , Rinendy Jhon
Published: June 2024

The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of financial ratios, namely (Current Ratio, Return On Assets, Total Asset Turnover, Debt to Assets Ratio), Stock Market, and Exchange Rate over the period from 2012 to 2022. The sample selection was conducted purposively on Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa (LQ45) stocks, which consistently had annual financial reports during the period, resulting in 44 quarterly samples. Partial and simultaneous multiple linear regression tests were used in this study. Empirical evidence indicates that Total Asset Turnover (TAT) and the Stock Market have a positive and significant effect on stock returns, while the Current Ratio (CR), Return On Assets (ROA), and Exchange Rate do not have a significant impact. Conversely, the Debt to Assets Ratio (DAR) has a negative impact on LQ45 stock returns. Overall, Liquidity, Profitability, Activity, Leverage, Stock Market, and Exchange Rate collectively have a positive and significant influence on Stock Returns.
Prognosis and factors affecting mortality in patients with acute kidney injury due to cardiorenal syndrome type 1 treated with sustained low-efficiency dialysis
Authors: Nilmoje Thanapon , Pongborriboon Dhipsukon , Boonsrirat Ussanee , Konwai Sirihatai , Praditau-Krit Suntornwit , Phongphithakchai Atthaphong
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 1 is linked to poor outcomes, particularly in-hospital mortality. While diuretics are commonly used, their efficacy may be limited necessitating renal replacement therapy (RRT) often using continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). However, the cost and availability limit CRRT usage, prompting exploration of alternative therapies like sustained low efficiency dialysis (SLED). Objectives: We conducted a retrospective analysis to explore significant factors affecting mortality rates in CRS type 1 patients treated with SLED. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary hospital from 2012 to 2022, including 215 CRS type 1 patients treated with SLED. The patients were categorized into the survivors’ group and the nonsurvivors’ group. The clinical indicators and biochemical markers for each group were compared to identify any disparities. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to ascertain the independent risk factors. Results: The in-hospital mortality was 49.3%. Hydralazine administration prior to admission (odd ratio [OR]: 0.39, 95% CI 0.18–0.86) serum creatinine at SLED initiation (OR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.96), intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) treatment (OR: 2.04, 95% CI 1.28–3.26), and urine output <400 mL/d in 24 hours prior discontinuing SLED (OR: 3.61, 95% CI 2.01–6.49) were associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: SLED-based RRT for acute kidney injury in type 1 CRS is linked to higher in-hospital mortality for patients not previously administered hydralazine, having low serum creatinine, IABP usage, and experiencing oliguria.
Influence of Quality Education on FDI Inflows in Subs-Saharan Africa: A Theoretical and Empirical Research
Authors: Nthangu Aman , Msweli Pumela
Published: June 2024

The non-traditional influences of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) are increasingly gaining attention in international business studies; however, the empirical evidence of these influences is still scant. Using human capital theory within the context of the national competitive framework, the study reported in this paper considers the progress towards achieving Quality education as a likely influence of FDI inflows in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The paper employs a panel data research design and conducts fixed effects estimations. The analysis categorizes FDI flows into global FDI, FDI from developed countries, and FDI from developing countries to SSA. Thus, the paper is centred around three research questions: (1) How does progress toward quality education influence global FDI inflows? (2) How does progress towards quality education influence FDI inflows from developed and (3) from developing countries? The analysis mainly utilizes a bespoke dataset from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and data from trustworthy databases such as UNCTADSTAT and the World Development Indicators (WDI). The results support the claim of the increasing importance of non-traditional influences of FDI flow. Quality Education significantly influenced FDI inflows from the globe and developing countries to SSA. This research provides further evidence that the national competitive framework can thoroughly explain the factors that have different significant powers in influencing FDI flows to SSA from developed and developing countries. The study is highly policy-relevant because it examines the effects of the degree of attainment of specific UN Sustainable Development Goals (quality education) on inward FDI performance. It, therefore, shows the benefits of SSA countries investing in the SDGs for the policy goal of attracting more considerable amounts of inward FDI.
Econometric Advances in the Estimation of Housing Price Determinants
Authors: Cunha Antonio M.
Published: June 2024

This paper aims to help improve the estimations produced by researchers who rely on conventional housing market pricing models to determine housing prices. The widespread use of panel data in estimating housing prices is justified by the richness of cross-sectional regional or metropolitan data analysed over several periods. Unfortunately, panel data has slope coefficient heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence, producing inconsistent and misleading estimates of the coefficients using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimator. Recent advances in econometrics address these panel data limitations, producing better estimates. We analysed the empirical application of these new estimators on housing market panel data, showing that the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares Augmented Mean Group (FMOLS-MG) estimator produces the best estimates of the long-term housing market equilibrium and that the Dynamic Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (DCCE-MG) estimator produces the best estimates of the housing market's short-term dynamics. Adopting a trending methodology like Difference-in-Differences (DID) in housing market research to explain the effects of policy decisions on housing prices also has complications related to using the OLS estimator with fixed effects when the data has serial correlation. We show these problems can be overcome using the Feasible Generalised Least Squares estimator in a Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations (FGLS-SURE) system. Recent econometric developments produce more accurate housing price determinant estimates than conventional econometric methods. These new methodologies can help researchers better estimate the effects of fundamental economic changes and policy decisions on housing prices, which can, in turn, support policymakers in implementing better housing policies.
Advancements in Bankruptcy Prediction Models and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Zetzsche de Abreu Gomes Amanda , Lopes Cristina , Bertuzi da Silva Rui
Published: June 2024

Since the economic downturn of the 1930s, there has been a growing interest in predicting company bankruptcies. Though not a new topic, the prospect of business bankruptcy has gained increasing relevance due to globalisation. This study explores various methodologies employed in predicting bankruptcy. Preventing bankruptcies also bolsters economic stability by averting the adverse effects of insolvency on the community. Companies with a solid and flexible economic foundation are more likely to succeed. This article reviews existing literature, discusses prevalent predictive models, and presents a statistical analysis of bibliometric data associated with bankruptcy prediction. This work aims to answer the research question of identifying the trends over time in the econometric models used to predict bankruptcy. This article may be useful for finance and business students in providing an overview of the subject and for business managers to identify the key determinants of financial distress. Exploring the R package, Bibliometrix® demonstrates its efficacy as a powerful tool for science mapping.
Pragmatism as a Research Paradigm
Authors: Elgeddawy Mohamed , Abouraia Mahmoud
Published: June 2024

A paradigm is a worldview, a set of beliefs, values, traditions, and conventions that shape our understanding of how we know what we know and what knowing is. With this definition in mind, the purpose of this paper is to point out the added value of articulating the research paradigm of a mixed methods case study that examined the preparedness of university graduates for today’s job market. The paper intends to examine how the exploration of participants’ worldviews of the phenomena under inquiry lends itself to pragmatism, a paradigm that underpins the philosophical premise of mixed methods research (MMR). The discussion demonstrates (1) how pragmatism as a research paradigm informs the chosen mixed methods design, and (2) how the chosen research paradigm, pragmatism, values multiplicity of worldviews that enrich the development of viable solutions for the problem under inquiry. Articulating the research paradigm that informs the overall design of a study is oftentimes marginalized especially in case studies. This paper intends to explain the value for highlighting the philosophical paradigm of case studies.
Circular public procurements: myth or reality? Towards transformation to circular economy
Authors: Godlewska Malgorzata , Godlewski Michal
Published: June 2024

This article addresses the issue of circular public procurement within the circular economy. The aim of the article is to investigate the relationship between awarding circular public procurements (CPPs) by local government units (LGUs) and the local context indicators, such as legally protected areas, level of income, expenditure or deficit per inhabitant, type of LGUs or model of LGUs management. The theoretical part approaches issues such as LGUs’ practice of awarding CPPs, and the problems associated with circular tenders’ criteria. The conducted empirical study revealed the potential of Polish LGUs for the circular economy, in the field of CPP. However, the results of the survey demonstrated that CPPs based on environmental, social, and economic award criteria, are a myth, not reality. LGUs have very strong purchasing power which may be used to support transformation toward a circular economy. The concluding part highlighted the need for minimum mandatory CPP awarding criteria.
Investigation Of Implementation Techniques For Backpropagation Neural Networks.
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Culloty John
Published: June 2024

"Artificial neural networks are biologically inspired computational methods that have the ability to approximate discrete, real and vector valued target functions. For some problem domains this ability makes neural networks a more appealing solution than traditional computational techniques. Such problem domains typically contain a large number of parameters that are interrelated in a complex and often unknown manner. This makes rule based solutions all but impossible. However another feature of such problem domains is the presence of large volumes of real world data that can be used to tram a neural network until it learns the solution. One of the more popular neural network training algorithms is the backpropagation of error training algorithm. Backpropagation works by compiling a large set of input/output samples and using these samples to adjust the network structure until the network encodes a solution to the problem. After the presentation of each sample to the network its structure is adjusted in such a way as to bring the network output closer in line with the sample output. This process must be repeatedly performed several hundred or thousand limes on all the samples before the network converges on a solution. Hence a major limiting factor of the backpropagation algorithm is the length of time required to train a network. Therefore the aim of this thesis is to investigate parallel implementation techniques that reduce this time without altering the underling calculations. Methods investigated include the use of SIMD processing to speedup the underlying operations, the parallel implementation of backpropagation on a dedicated cluster computer, and its extension to a High Throughput Computing environment."
Address Assignment In Ad-hoc Networks
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, O'Grady John
Published: June 2024

"A wireless ad-hoc network is a collection of autonomous nodes or terminals that communicate with each other by forming a multi-hop radio network and maintaining connectivity in a decentralised manner. In an ad hoc network routing is used to find and maintain a path through the network. Routing requires each node to have a unique identifier, to ensure that packets sent to a particular node reach their intended destination. Most ad-hoc routing protocols assume that a node already has an address prior to its entry into a network and so the issue of address assignment is largely ignored. This however restricts the dynamic nature of an ad hoc network as it introduces an element of centralised control; a dynamic approach to the assignment of addresses is required. In the wired environment a number of different methods can be used to dynamically assign an address. The Internet Protocol (IP) is the most popular network layer communication protocol used in the wired environment and requires each node in the network to be configured with a unique IP address. A number of approaches are used to dynamically assign IP addresses in the wired environment, such as the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Mobile IP and IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration. Problems exist however when these approaches are applied to an ad-hoc networks. As a result, a number of approaches for dynamic address assignment within mobile ad hoc networks have been proposed. This study presents a classification of the various approaches for address assignment within an ad-hoc network. The various approaches are classified into two different categories, stateful and stateless. In order to evaluate the various approaches a simulation environment was developed. Using this simulation environment, a number of the address assignment approaches are analysed using various simulation scenarios. Based on the analysis of the results obtained from these simulations, various modifications are proposed to the different approaches in order to improve their performance and functionality."
Magneto-acoustic Emission Analysis Of Microstructural Change In Aisi 430 And Aisi 304 Stainless Steel
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, O'Sullivan Denis
Published: June 2024

"Magneto-acoustic emission (MAE) is a relatively new non-destructive detection technique. Its working principle is based on Barkhausen discontinuities and magnetostriction within a ferromagnetic material that is subjected to a varying magnetic field. Magneto-acoustic emission (MAE) and magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) sensing techniques were developed and employed to characterise plastically deformed and heat-treated AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel and AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel samples. A new waveform measurement parameter for magneto-acoustic emission was developed called MAE (Absolute “energy”). Both MAE and MBN were found to decrease with increasing plastic deformation of AISI 430. MAE (Absolute “energy”) and MBN (RMS) were found to be inversely proportional to hardness. With increased deformation, the resulting change in dislocation density was found to effect material coercivity. It was found that both MAE (Absolute “energy”) and MBN have an inverse exponential relationship to material coercivity. These results are explained in terms of the different mechanisms that affect dislocation-domain wall interactions. The work-hardening of austenitic stainless steels, such as AISI 304, during deformation is due to the appearance of a'-martensite and to an increase in dislocation density. MBN was found to be an effective means of studying the transformation mechanisms of austenite to a'-martensite during deformation. It was found that the dislocation density, rather than the a'-martensite phase, was the cause of material workhardening. Coercivity was found to be a useful quantitative and non-destructive method for characterising work-hardening of AISI 304. It is suggested that s-martensite plays an important role in the dislocation deformation mechanisms, particularly at higher strains (>45%) and in the heat treatment of AISI 304 below 500°C. MAE activity was not detected in the AISI 304 studied, due to single domain magnetic processes and the high dislocation density associated with martensite formation."
Integrating Experiments And Simulators Into A Distributed E-learning Environment
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Koehler Frank
Published: June 2024

"New information and communication technologies have emerged in the last few years which have made an impact on learning at all levels. At universities, the spectrum of learning support ranges from enriching traditional lectures and courses with multi- media elements to complete web-based interactive learning environments. A special aspect based on the new media technologies is learning within model worlds by use of simulations or real-life experiments. There are normally no links between these applications and the learning content, so it is impossible to tap the full potential of these applications. Research activities in the area of e-learning underline the importance of integrating interactive elements within the learning content but are currently limited to addressing individual didactical and/or technical problems. This thesis develops an architecture for the integration of remote simulators and real- life experiments into different learning environments. Additionally, specific content pages can be generated depending on the result of a simulator or real life experiment thereby providing an optimal learning experience. The architectural approach is based on a web services architecture. The central component of the integration framework is a so-called university server, which acts as a gateway between the learning environment and different simulators and real-life experiments. These are running locally or remotely and are linked to the university server by special adapters, containing a web service interface for communicating with the university server and a proprietary interface for communicating with the individual application. Applications are classified, corresponding examples are presented, and proposals for reducing integration efforts are also described. The architectural approach is based on open source software components and standardised communication protocols. Thus, it is possible to extend the integration framework with new features or to adapt the framework to given new requirements."
Environmental Management Of Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment (weee) In Ireland
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Wilkinson Simon
Published: June 2024

This thesis follows two previous studies by the Author on the calculation of theoretical WEEE arisings, and an assessment of ecodesign practices in Ireland. It has established collection trials in five different locations throughout Ireland in order to characterise and quantify WEEE arisings, and to examine outlets for collected WEEE. Overall, during the twelve months of collection at the project locations, more than 450 tonnes of WEEE was collected from the public and recycled. Within the catchments of each facility, collection rates of between 2.1 and 3.5 kg/person/year were achieved during the twelve-month trial period. With further public awareness raising and the removal of recycling fees this suggests that on a local basis the 4 kg/person/year target of the Directive is achievable. It was shown that removal of a disposal fee resulted in a significant increase in collection rate, possibly due to a “clear-out” effect. Raising existing fees was shown to reduce the collection rate, though with some recovery after a period of time. A one day collection event in Kildare was very effective in collecting WEEE, and in achieving a higher than normal proportion of ICT and small brown goods collection. However, on a national basis the target becomes more problematic. Experiences from these collection trials have been used to establish best practice guidelines for the collection and monitoring of WEEE by local authorities. Based on the findings of this project and a review of current European practices a set of 38 recommendations are made. These are variously applicable to local authorities, retailers, recyclers, treatment facilities, refurbishers, manufacturers, importers. Government Departments, agencies and representative organisations. These will assist in the development of WEEE management and in the implementation of the WEEE Directive in Ireland.
Marketing Ireland In The Face Of Adversity.
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Wright Angela
Published: June 2024

"This study is an examination of the factors which influence the success or failure of the tourism industry in Ireland. This research incorporates the views, opinions, and commentaries of leading figures in each sector of importance for this key industry within the Irish economy. An examination of various bodies charged with the management of the Irish tourism industry, since its inception as a recognised commercial entity, is included in this study. This research highlights the confusion that has surrounded the constitution, mandate, and nomenclature of these national management bodies in recent times. A significant finding of this study is that, irrespective of marketing budgets and strategies, the Irish tourist industry is keenly susceptible to sudden reverses in fortune as a result of unexpected changes to local or global conditions, especially when such occurrences create a perception of danger to personal health and safety. Recent difficulties, such as the Foot and Mouth epidemic and the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, in the USA, have challenged the efforts of those responsible for promoting and managing the Irish tourist industry. This study illustrates how unforeseen circumstances adversely affect the marketing of Ireland as a tourist destination. In an international context, this research confirms the predominant importance of the North American visitor to the economy of Ireland and the vulnerability of the industry when potential tourists are discouraged through their changing domestic circumstances or, by any negative media images of Ireland abroad. This research explores the challenges now facing Tourism Ireland Limited and other sectors responsible for the destination marketing of Ireland. "
Dynamically Biased Radio Frequency Power Amplifier
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Twomey Tom
Published: June 2024

"With the current trend in mobile communications towards more complex modulation schemes to enhance spectral efficiency, the design of RF power amplifiers is the subject of considerable interest and research. The newer more spectrally efficient modulation schemes require a much higher level of linearity due to the non-constant level of their signal envelope. A variable envelope signal would in non-linear amplifiers lead to unacceptable levels of distortion. Linear amplifiers solve this problem at the cost of significant loss of efficiency. With the evolution towards more spectrally efficient modulation schemes, the trade off between linearity and power efficiency has become more challenging. Linear power amplifiers operated below their maximum power rating suffer even greater loss of operational efficiency. This occurs in the case of modulation schemes, which possess non-constant amplitude envelopes and also in urban networks where power output from each handset is minimised to prevent distorting signals on adjacent channels. The RF power amplifier consumes up to 80% of the power used in a handset during talk mode, whereas in standby mode power usage drops to around 5-10% of that used in talk mode. Clearly, PA efficiency is crucial to battery life and charge frequency. Dynamic bias has been adopted as one technique for achieving greater efficiency from linear amplifiers. This research work describes a novel digital transmitter implementation of a dynamic bias scheme. The theory of the technique has been investigated. A class S modulator has been designed and tested. Operational efficiency achieved for the modulator was 75% plus operating at or above 10% maximum output power. The linearity of the modulator - Vin versus Vout - was less than 1% rms deviation from a straight line. A transmitter containing a dynamically biased RF amplifier was developed and tested. Improvements of operating efficiency of more than 2x - compared to conventional bias - were achieved over a Gaussian distribution for PA power levels. This increased to greater than 3x for power levels of 10-15dBm at the PA output. Increases in spectral re-growth were measured for the dynamically biased RF PA."
Understanding the reservoirs of Constitutional Court resilience
Authors: Steuer Max
Published: June 2024

Attitudinal and strategic models prevail in studying the capacities of centralized constitutional courts (CCs) to withstand autocratization. Yet, they rarely scrutinize CCs’ interpretations of political concepts. This paper aims to remedy the gap via an institutional perspective on the significance of conceptualizations of democracy by CCs. It invokes a maximalist reading of democracy to accommodate a wide range of conceptions, is diachronic, squarable with comparative case studies and sensitive to political regime types, using an ideal-typical distinction between semi-authoritarian, illiberal and democratic regimes. The paper illustrates the potential of this approach by presenting a dataset on Hungary and Slovakia. Both regimes have formally powerful CCs with a non-democratic experience. Yet, they seem to have taken a different trajectory after 2010. The paper suggests that analysing these two CCs’ conceptions of democracy can advance our understanding of their role in preventing, or failing to prevent, autocratization in Hungary and Slovakia.
Learning to labor in prison
Authors: Sterchele Luca
Published: June 2024

Taking the case of prison healthcare reform in Italy as an empirical basis, the article explores the ways in which legal intervention is materialized in the social relations, cultural horizons and operational practices of prison healthcare workers, focusing on the concept of (embedded) “legal culture”. Drawing on the findings of ethnographic research conducted over the last nine years, the article explores the relationship between clinical and legal languages in everyday prison life: observations are made about the processes through which clinical assessments can be “translated” and “reinterpreted” into the language of legal codes specific to the prison setting. The results suggest the possibility of partially questioning readings that identify the processes of prisonization of healthcare operators as the sole cause of the reproduction of governmental elements in prison health practice. The legal cultures of prison staff and health professionals do not appear to be as different as at first sight.
Lernwerkstattarbeit an der Schnittstelle von Fachdidaktik und Schulpädagogik
Authors: Benölken Ralf , Veber Marcel
Published: June 2024

Wie können Professionalisierungsprozesse im Lehramtsstudium durch Lernwerkstattarbeit unterschiedlicher Couleur inklusionssensibel gestaltet werden? Die Antwort auf diese Frage stellt aktuell eine große Herausforderung dar. Im Beitrag werden exemplarische Potenziale von zwei miteinander verbundenen Lernwerkstattformaten (fachdidaktisch geprägte Lernwerkstatt sowie schulpädagogisch verankerte Forschungswerkstatt) vorgestellt, die an der Universität Münster aufeinander bezogen konzeptioniert, durchgeführt und evaluiert wurden. (DIPF/Orig.)
First record of Tanymastigites ajjeri Thiéry & Rogers 2022 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca) in Algeria, with an updated checklist of Algerian large branchiopods
Authors: Chergui Isslam , Koulali Khaled , Bouzid Abdelhakim , Samraoui Boudjéma
Published: June 2024

This paper documents the presence of Tanymastigites ajjeri Thiéry & Rogers 2022, a large branchiopod belonging to the order Anostraca, in Algeria for the first time, representing the second record of the species worldwide since its discovery in Libya in 2022. Specimens were collected in October 2023 from a residual pool (guelta) in the intermittent riverbed of the Wadi Tabakat valley on the Tassili N’Ajjer plateau, following a refilling due to flooding. This discovery not only expands the list of large branchiopods in Algeria to twenty-four species, but also enriches our understanding of the distribution range of the hypothetically microendemic T. ajjeri, a species on which little information is currently available, in the Sahara.
Geographical variability in the cryptic coloration of the common green grasshopper (Omocestus viridulus (Linnaeus, 1758), Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: Ozerski Pavel V.
Published: June 2024

Based on the study of photographs posted on three Internet sites, as well as field collections, the representation of four colour forms of the grasshopper Omocestus viridulus in different parts of its distribution area from Western Europe to Altai and Tien Shan was analyzed. A conclusion was made about a regular decrease in the representation of the green form (viridis) from west to east up to its complete disappearance. It is shown that within the studied part of the distribution area, O. viridulus populations can be grouped into three clusters: British-Scandinavian (the largest proportion of representatives of the viridis form), East Eurasian (a very weak representation of the viridis form up to its complete absence), and Western European (intermediate position). In addition, the rarity of males of the hyalosuperficies form (green top and gray or brown sides), females of the rubiginosa form (gray or brown sides and top) and females of the purpurata form (purplish-red flanks and a green top) is shown throughout the entire studied part of the distribution area of O. viridulus. A close connection between the representation of the viridis form among both sexes and the rubiginosa form among O. viridulus females with the degree of climate continentality was proved. Increasing climate continentality (in particular, the greater the annual temperature range) is correlated with a decrease in the proportion of the viridis form and increase in the proportion of females of the rubiginosa form.
Emissions and Fluctuations in Global Value Chains: Cross-country and Industry-level Evidence
Authors:   Korea Trade Research Association, Choi Bongseok
Published: June 2024

Purpose - This paper explores how global value chain (GVC) participation affects the comovement between real industrial value-added and emissions over business cycles.
Design/Methodology - We follow de Soyres and Gaillard (2022) and Wang et al. (2022), first measuring the forward and backward links in GVC activities at the country and industry levels. Specifically, we examine both Simple and Complex GVC activities by considering the inclusion of indirect transactions through third countries. Second, we conduct a panel analysis on the covariation between value-added and emissions during economic f luctuations and the relationship with GVC participation rates.
Findings - We find that the increase in participation rates in forward-link GVC activities enhances the covariation between economic fluctuations and emissions, whereas the effects of the change in participation rates in backward-link GVC activities are statistically insignificant. In contrast to EU members, this pattern is reversed in countries that depend largely on energy trade from a global perspective, such as the United States, Russia, Korea, and Japan.
Originality/value - We contribute by quantitatively presenting the covariation of economic fluctuations and emissions within GVC activities, going beyond existing literature that predominantly explores growth, the environment, and trade. Our contrasting results among country groups indicate that as countries worldwide pursue carbon neutrality, the divergence in positions among countries based on their dependence on energy trade may intensify the likelihood of trade disputes.
Relationship between the polyurea underlayer structure and PEG surface coverage
Authors: Tabata Ryo , Matsubara Ryosuke , Kubono Atsushi
Published: June 2024

Increasing the surface coverage of antifouling materials is essential to enhance the performance of antifouling coatings. In this study, polyurea thin-film underlayers were fabricated by co-depositing difunctional isocyanates with difunctional or trifunctional amines. The relationships among the underlayer structure, terminal group density before polyethylene glycol (PEG) termination, and PEG surface coverage were investigated. The results showed that employing trifunctional amines in the underlayer led to increased terminal group density before PEG termination. Moreover, the reduced hydrogen-bonding capability between the polyurea molecules contributes to enhanced PEG surface coverage.
Analisis Implementasi Program Kampus Mengajar Angkatan Tiga dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Literasi di SD Negeri 3 Ngabeyan Sukoharjo 2023
Authors: Purwaningsih Yesti , Khasanah Latifah Nur , Yunus Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The aim of this research was to analyze the implementation of a third-generation teaching program to improve students' literacy skills at SD Negeri 3 Ngabeyan Sukoharjo.
Methodology/approach: This study used qualitative field research
methods with descriptive-analytic data analysis.
Results: The results of this research state that the optimization of libraries in these schools is still weak, as evidenced by the lack of a workforce, absence of e-literacy, and minimal book collections. The implementation of learning on campus is carried out in three stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. At the planning stage, students make learning plans but do not create a learning syllabus. The learning methods used in implementing learning are the Reading Aloud method, tutorial guidance, lectures, card sorting, problem-solving, reward and punishment, and project-based learning market days. We then evaluated learning using formative and summative assessments.
Limitations: To focus on one goal to produce maximum results, this research is limited to developing the literacy skills of students at SD N 3 Ngabeyan. Literacy includes the ability to read, write and count
Contribution: This research has theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, this research can be one of the developments in literacy science and can be a reference source for further research. Practically, this research can contribute to elementary school educational institutions in general in developing students' literacy skills and become a guide for students in subsequent campus teaching programs.
Novelty: This research found that the campus program teaching the third generation at SD N 3 Ngabeyan was very significant in improving students' literacy skills. This is proven by changes in students' abilities before and after the program.
maturity framework for data driven maintenance
Authors: Rijsdijk Chris , Van de Wijnckel Mike , Tinga Tiedo
Published: June 2024

Maintenance decisions range from the simple detection of faults to ultimately predicting future failures and solving the problem. These traditionally human decisions are nowadays increasingly supported by data and the ultimate aim is to make them autonomous. This paper explores the challenges encountered in data driven maintenance, and proposes to consider four aspects in a maturity framework: data / decision maturity, the translation from the real world to data, the computability of decisions (using models) and the causality in the obtained relations. After a discussion of the theoretical concepts involved,  the exploration continues by considering a practical fault detection and identification problem. Two approaches, i.e. experience based and model based, are compared and discussed in terms of the four aspects in the maturity framework. It is observed that both approaches yield the same decisions, but still differ in the assignment of causality. This confirms that a maturity assessment not only concerns the type of decision, but should also include the other proposed aspects.
A Gear Health Indicator Based on f-AnoGAN
Authors: Wen Hao , Van Maele Djordy , Poletto Jean Carlos , De Baets Patrick , Gryllias Konstantinos
Published: June 2024

The development of high-quality health indicators based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) for condition monitoring, reflecting the degradation process and trend, remains a key area of research.  Unsupervised deep learning methods, such as deep autoencoders and variational autoencoders, are often employed to establish health indicators for rotating machinery.  However, commonly used methods frequently face challenges in controlling and evaluating the quality of learned features that represent this distribution, which subsequently impacts the accuracy of the test data analysis and anomaly detection. Additionally, the empirical nature of threshold setting adds an element of uncertainty to detections.
The research propose a novel approach for constructing gear health indicators and performing anomaly detection using Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), with a particular emphasis on the f-AnoGAN structure.  The research focuses on modeling the distribution of vibration signals acquired from healthy systems using adversarial learning. By comparing test samples against this modeled distribution, the degree of similarity or dissimilarity acts as an indicator of anomalies. Owing to the generative process of the GAN architecture (creating data from randomly sampled low-dimensional noise), GAN-based modeling overcomes the limitation of autoencoders by aiming to reconstruct the continuous distribution of systems in healthy conditions from a limited set of healthy (training) samples. In this way, it offers more generalizability than traditional model learning. Moreover, this study proposes a new method for establishing thresholds based on distribution fitting by the anomaly score of healthy data. The proposed f-AnoGAN-based model and thresholding technique is applied, tested and evaluated in a gear-pitting degradation dataset and result in more accurate and timely fault detection, markedly enhancing the ability to identify subtle faults in systems over traditional methods.
Large Language Model-based Chatbot for Improving Human-Centricity in Maintenance Planning and Operations
Authors: Kohl Linus , Eschenbacher Sarah , Besinger Philipp , Ansari Fazel
Published: June 2024

The recent advances on utilizing Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) and Knowledge Graphs (KG) enforce a significant paradigm shift in data-driven maintenance management. GenAI and semantic technologies enable comprehensive analysis and exploitation of textual data sets, such as tabular data in maintenance databases, maintenance and inspection reports, and especially machine documentation. Traditional approaches to maintenance planning and execution rely primarily on static, non-adaptive simulation models. These models have inherent limitations in accounting for dynamic environmental changes and effectively responding to unanticipated, ad hoc events.
This paper introduces a maintenance chatbot that enhances planning and operations, offering empathetic support to technicians and engineers, boosting efficiency, decision-making, and on-the-job satisfaction. It optimizes shift scheduling and task allocation by considering technicians' skills, physical stress, and psychological state, thus reducing cognitive stress. The approach ultimately improves human performance and reliability, embodying a human-centricity in the domain of maintenance and health management.
The practical impact of the maintenance chatbot is illustrated through its application in maintenance of railway cooling systems. The presented use case demonstrates the chatbot's potential as a transformative tool in maintenance management. Finally, the paper discusses the theoretical and practical considerations, in particular in the light of regulative frameworks such as EU AI ACT, highlighting the future pathways for complying with responsible AI requirements.