bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart Traffic Light Control System
Authors: Sohani Arnav , Gaikwad Ishan , Lonkar Omkar , Roy Samiksha , Sawalkar Vaibhav
Published: November 2024

Abstract—Traffic congestion is a significant issue in urban
areas, leading to increased travel time, fuel consumption, and
environmental pollution. This project introduces an adaptive
Traffic Light Control System that dynamically prioritizes traf- fic
direction based on real-time vehicle counts obtained from
cameras. The system ensures efficient traffic flow by allocating
green light duration proportionally to the vehicle density in
each direction while maintaining fairness through a minimum
green time of 3 seconds for all directions. The implementation
includes a clockwise rotation of the green signal, preventing
any direction from being perpetually delayed. The maximum
green light duration is capped at 75 seconds to maintain system
balance and efficiency. The results demonstrate improved traffic
clearance, reduced waiting times, and significant optimization in
signal utilization, making this system an effective solution for
modern traffic management challenges.
Index Terms—Smart Traffic Light, Traffic Light, OpenCV,
Yolov.
Study on the G+5 building with different plan irregularities by Staad pro.
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Siddhartha Institute of Technology and Sciences (SITS), Hyderabad,India ., Nikshiptha CH , Kavitha Mrs.V ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Siddhartha Institute of Technology and Sciences (SITS), Hyderabad,India .
Published: November 2024

This study explores the structural analysis, design,
and material optimization of a G+5 residential building in
Hyderabad, conforming to Indian Standard codes. Using
STAAD.Pro, the analysis incorporates critical load conditions,
including live, floor finish, wind, and seismic loads, following
IS 875 and IS 1893 provisions. The foundation design employs
isolated footings tailored to medium soil conditions, ensuring
safe bearing capacity and structural stability.
Material optimization focuses on efficient use of M25 grade
concrete and Fe 415 steel, providing cost-effective solutions
while maintaining safety and serviceability. Key structural
parameters, such as building height, column and beam
dimensions, and slab and wall thicknesses, are accurately
modeled to align with IS 456 standards. The design integrates
modern structural engineering techniques to address static and
dynamic loads, ensuring resilience against environmental
stresses.
This study underscores the importance of combining advanced
analysis tools with code-compliant design principles,
contributing to sustainable, economical, and safe construction
practices for urban infrastructure in challenging environments.
Keywords: STAAD.Pro, G+5 Residential Building, Structural
Design, Material Optimization, Indian Standard Codes, IS 456,
IS 875, IS 1893, Foundation Design, M25 Concrete, Fe 415
Steel, Sustainable Urban Development.
A Study on Service Quality with Special Reference to Bellad Enterprises Pvt. Ltd, Ballari
Authors:   Department of Management Studies, Ballari Institute of Technology and Management, Ballari, Karnataka, India., R.B SAGAR , Banu S Dr. Shaheeda , Ambreen Bagali
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on assessing the service quality of Bellad Enterprises Pvt. Ltd., Ballari, using the SERVQUAL
model, which measures the gap between customer expectations and perceptions across five dimensions: reliability,
responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibility. The research involved collecting primary data through surveys
and interviews with Bellad Enterprises’ customers to understand their satisfaction levels and identify areas needing
improvement. Findings indicate that while the company performs well in reliability and assurance, there are
significant gaps in responsiveness and empathy, affecting overall customer satisfaction. The study offers strategic
recommendations to help Bellad Enterprises enhance its service delivery, increase customer loyalty, and stay
competitive in the market.
KEY WORDS
Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Expectations, Service Delivery, Customer Feedback, Service
Standards, Quality Assessment, Client Relationship Management
Review on Earthquake Safety Bed Authenticated by GPS
Authors: A. Kulkarni Prof. Riddhi , A. Honkamble Ms. Anushka , S. Lokare Ms. Shruti , A. Londhe Ms. Shrutika , U. Shinde Ms. Vaishnavi
Published: November 2024

An innovative earthquake safety bed system
integrated with GPS technology to enhance personal
safety during seismic events. The proposed system
utilizes real-time earthquake detection through seismic
sensors, triggered an automated response that activates
safety mechanisms within the bed. GPS technology is
incorporated to track the bed`s location, ensuring
precise data for rescue operations and post-events
analysis. System aims to minimizes injuries by
providing protection features such as automatic
shielding, securing the user in place, and activating
emergency alerts to near by responders. By combining
seismic sensing with GPS based location tracking, the
earthquake safety bed offers a proactive solution to
reduce harm during earthquakes, offering both
immediate protection and aiding post events recovery
efforts.

Key Words: GPS authentication, emergency response
system, protection shields, microcontroller
ATmega328p, piezo sensor, safety protection.
Analysis and Design of a Multistorey Building on Sloped and Flat Grounds (Stilt + Ground + 4)
Authors: Goud N.Manikanta , G.Sudhakar Mr.
Published: November 2024

This project focuses on the planning, static
analysis, and structural design of a (Stilt + Ground + 4)
residential building, located on both sloping and flat ground,
using ETABS software. The primary goal is to study the impact
of ground conditions on the structural behavior and design
considerations of the building. The project incorporates
planning principles to create a functional and efficient layout,
ensuring compliance with Indian Standard codes for beams,
columns, slabs, and other structural elements.
Key aspects such as load distribution, stability, reinforcement
detailing, and member sizing are thoroughly examined to
ensure the building's safety and adherence to IS guidelines. A
comparative analysis between sloping and flat ground
conditions highlights the differences in design parameters, such
as member forces, moments, and reinforcement requirements,
with particular attention to the unique challenges posed by
sloping ground.

The findings of the study aim to offer insights into cost-
effective and optimized design strategies that cater to different

site conditions. By exploring these variations, the study
contributes to the development of advanced modeling
techniques for structural analysis and design. It also emphasizes
the importance of adaptable strategies to ensure safe, resilient,
and efficient residential buildings, regardless of topography.
This research enhances the understanding of how varying
ground conditions influence the design process and promotes
the development of residential structures that are both safe and
cost-efficient across diverse terrains.
Keywords: Residential Building Design, Sloping Ground, Flat
Ground, ETABS, Static Analysis, Structural Components,
Indian Standards, Comparative Study, Planning Principles,
Reinforcement Detailing.
Word Sense Disambiguation using NLP
Authors: Aashritha S , Aashritha D , Aastha K , Abhay M , Reddy K.Anil , Das DR. Sujit
Published: November 2024

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a critical task in
Natural Language Processing (NLP) aimed at determining the
correct meaning of a word based on its context within a text.
We categorize WSD techniques into three main paradigms:
knowledge-based methods, supervised learning approaches,
and neural network-based models. Knowledge-based methods
leverage lexical resources like WordNet and other semantic
networks to disambiguate word senses by comparing context
with predefined sense definitions. These methods often rely on
similarity measures and heuristic rules but may struggle with
the flexibility and variability of natural language. Supervised
learning approaches utilize annotated corpora to train machine
learning models that predict word senses. These methods,
including decision trees, support vector machines, and
ensemble techniques, have shown significant improvements
with the advent of large-scale labelled datasets and feature
engineering.

Keywords: Lexical Semantics, Sense Inventory, Knowledge-
based WSD, Contextual Disambiguation
Machine Learning Algorithm as a Firewall Decision and Reinforcement in Market Segmentation and Big Data
Authors: Singh Aditya , Nag Siddharth , Pateriya Sakshi , Masih Ashok , Nigam Aakrati
Published: November 2024

In the modern digital landscape, vast amounts of data are generated daily, challenging traditional analytical
approaches in both data security and market segmentation. This paper presents a machine learning (ML)
algorithm designed to serve a dual purpose: as a decision-support firewall system and as a reinforcement tool for
market segmentation within big data environments. By integrating supervised and unsupervised learning models,
the proposed algorithm effectively detects anomalies and potential security threats while also identifying distinct
customer segments with high precision. The firewall decision-making component utilizes predictive models to
detect malicious activity in real-time, enhancing cybersecurity by proactively learning from previous threat
patterns. Concurrently, the reinforcement learning component analyses customer behaviour and preferences,
dynamically adapting segmentation strategies to maximize marketing effectiveness. The dual implementation of
ML in these domains demonstrates significant potential in improving both data security and personalized
marketing outcomes. Experimental results indicate enhanced firewall accuracy and a refined segmentation
process, suggesting that the proposed ML model provides a comprehensive solution for the challenges posed by
big data in cybersecurity and market segmentation. s.
Keywords
Machine Learning; Firewall Decision; Reinforcement Learning; Market Segmentation; Big Data
Page Replacement Algorithms: A Survey of Performance and Case Studies
Authors: Minal Deshmukh Burhanuddin Mal , Savji Avanti , Thorat Ved , Patil Vedashri , Deshmukh Minal
Published: November 2024

This system uses paging as part of memory
management in a computer's operating system. Page
replacement algorithms are responsible for deciding which
pages should be replaced when new allocations are required.
Paging happens when there is a page fault, and there are
insufficient or no free pages available for allocation.
Keywords— Operating System, Page Replacement
Algorithms, Virtual Memory Management, Page Allocation
Enhancing Data Protection and Security in Backup and Recovery Solutions: The Role of Product Quality Assurance
Authors: Mehra Taresh
Published: November 2024

In the digital age, where data is at the heart of every operation, ensuring its protection and security is paramount.
Backup and recovery solutions play a critical role in safeguarding data integrity, resilience, and availability. Quality
Assurance (QA) in these products is not just about functionality but also about ensuring they meet stringent standards
for data protection and security. Let's explore how QA processes are essential in testing and validating these critical
aspects.
Participation of women members of the parliament in peacebuilding efforts: The case of Bangsamoro government
Authors: Indigay Abdulhalem N. , Salazar Al Bismarck S. , Kayama Kamlon M. , Maulana Saima S.
Published: November 2024

This study explores the participation of Bangsamoro women Members of Parliament (MPs) in governance and peacebuilding efforts within the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). It examines the effectiveness of their involvement in peacebuilding, the challenges they encounter, and their recommendations for improving their political participation. The findings reveal that despite a male-dominated political landscape, women MPs actively contribute to policymaking, legislation, and advocating for gender equality. Their participation has positively impacted peacebuilding efforts by pushing for policies that protect women's rights and promote inclusive governance. However, women MPs face significant barriers, including societal norms, cultural practices, and institutional biases that marginalize their voices. Strategies such as community consultations, legal and religious advocacy, empowerment through training, and mentorship have been employed to overcome these challenges. The study concludes with recommendations for enhancing women’s political participation, including continued education, stronger relationships with constituents, and promoting moral governance. These efforts are crucial for advancing gender equality and fostering a more inclusive and effective political environment in the BARMM.
Influence of demographic factors and local wisdom on exclusive breastfeeding behavior
Authors: Mardhiah Ainal , Nasution Decy Erni , Inayati Rahmi , Nurlaili Nurlaili , Daud Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Exclusive breastfeeding from an early age is very important for a child's survival. The achievement of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is still far from the target. There is a lot of research on the factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding, but there has been no research on the influence of local wisdom on exclusive breastfeeding especially in Pidie, Aceh, Indonesia. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of demographic factors and local wisdom on exclusive breastfeeding. Quantitative method with cross sectional study design was used in this research. The population was 3124 mothers’ breastfeeding babies aged 6 to 12 months in Pidie, Indonesia. Sample size was determined by Slovin formula with 95% convidence level so that the sample size to be 358 respondents. Data collection was done by distributing questionnaires or interviews. Univariate data analysis used to analyze all variables studied. Bivariate analysis used the chi square statistical test with SPSS 24. The research results show that 167 or 46.65% respondents provided exclusive breastfeeding. There is not influence of age, education, occupation, and food consumption on exclusive breastfeeding behavior. However, there is an influence of knowledge, dietary restrictions, postpartum care with local wisdom (such as sale and toet batee – refer to traditional treatment in Aceh) on exclusive breastfeeding. Health education is needed about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and the effects of postpartum care with local wisdom on breast milk production.
Bio-inspired optimization technique for optimal beam angle selection in radiotherapy application
Authors: Kumar K. Keshav , Narasimham NVSL , Prasad A Ramakrishna
Published: November 2024

A human planner's expertise is currently the most important consideration for determining optimal beam angles for external beam radiotherapy. The necessity of automatically selecting beam angles is especially important in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) since fewer modulated beams are utilized in conformal radiotherapy. For an automated beam angle selection (ABAS) approach, the ideal coplanar beam angles correspond to the lowest objective function (OF) value of the dose distributions produced from this collection of candidate beams' intensity-modulated maps. Because of the task's intricacy and the large search space concerned, the ABAS and optimization of intensity maps are addressed independently and repeatedly. The Modified Artificial Bee Colony (MABC) optimization, the integration of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), and a Firefly algorithm are employed to choose suitable beam angles, and the conjugate gradient (CG) technique is employed to fasten the optimized intensity maps for every selected beam. A 3D full scatter convolution (FSC) approach based on the pencil beam is employed for dose assessment. The effectiveness of MABC is examined using a more difficult instance representing a prostate tumor, and 2 simple cases The simulated MABC output is compared to the ABC optimization method. The results illustrate the reliability and efficiency of the suggested MABC-based ABAS can improve dosage distributions with clinically acceptable computation time.
Comparative study of the construction mode of wartime air-raid shelters in Chongqing and London under the context of massive bombing
Authors: Guodong Pei
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to explore the construction of air-raid shelters by different cities utilizing advantageous resources to address the refuge needs of large populations. The study collects historical documents and conducts field research to categorize and comparatively analyze the characteristics of air-raid shelter construction in the capitals of China and the United Kingdom during World War II, taking into account the social context and natural conditions. Then the study assesses the advantages and disadvantages of different construction models. Facing the tragic bombings and to protect tens of thousands of people, the construction of air-raid shelters fully demonstrated different patterns in the two cities based on natural environments and industrial strength, i.e., the nature-oriented pattern and the industry-oriented pattern. The air-raid shelters in the two cities adopted various construction strategies in four aspects: location layout, relationship with buildings, internal space, and architectural technology and materials. Chongqing's nature-oriented construction pattern was more resilient and economical. London's industry-oriented construction pattern had the advantages of comfort, safety, and rapid production and construction. Two different construction patterns not only showcase the ingenuity of air-raid shelter architecture but also reveal the spirit of optimism, tenacity, and unity of the people in the capitals of China and the United Kingdom during the war. Nowadays, this research is of great significance for air-raid shelter construction and utilization, as well as for the shaping of urban identity.
Enhanced Growth Performance and Steviol Glycosides Content in Stevia Rebaudiana Under Elevated Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Abzar A , Sakimin Siti Zaharah , Jaafar Hawa ZE , Tajidin Nor Elliza
Published: November 2024

In the current climate-changing scenario with a steadily rising CO2 concentration, there is a chance that crop performance will be affected in terms of growth, yield, and quality. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in a glasshouse using a randomized complete block design with four replications to investigate the effect of short and long-term elevated CO2 on growth performance and chemical markers of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. The CO2 in the glasshouse was gradually elevated from 400 ppm to 1800 ppm weekly. The plants were exposed to elevated CO2 for four months (T1), two months (T2), and one month (T3), while the control plants (T4) were grown under ambient CO2 (aCO2) levels to assess the effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) on stevia crop growth performance and steviol glycosides content. The number of branches per plant, plant height, number of leaves per branch, and plant biomass were found to be significantly increased under eCO2 treatment over aCO2 treatment. The eCO2 increased photosynthetic rate by 46% for T1, 45% for T2, and 29% for T3 over control plants (T4) at 3rd month of planting. The enhancement in photosynthesis is attributed to an increase in stevioside; with a 33% increase for T1 28.83% for T2 and 11% for T3 over aCO2. Similarly, the rebaudiosides A were also significantly increased by 32.8% for T1, 25% for T2, and 15% for T3 compared to the control under aCO2. Based on our findings, we concluded that eCO2 levels positively influenced the growth, biomass, and glycoside content by enhancing the physiological performance of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.
Evaluation of Environmental Parameters and Economic Efficiency of Integrated Farming System on Acidic Soil and Saltwater Intrusion in The Coastal Area: A Case Study of Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Ha Vo Van , Di Huynh Ba , Nha Duong Van , Phuoc Nguyen Van
Published: November 2024

The shift to growing sedge plants, combining raising snails and tilapia in coastal areas could improve the soil nutritional environment, income, and land use efficiency compared to rice monoculture. This study aims to evaluate soil and water environmental factors and to compare the financial efficiency of integrated farming with rice monoculture farming. These experiments were arranged on field land affected by drought and saltwater intrusion in two ecological regions of Kien Giang province. The research found the adaptation of crops (rice, sedge) and aquatic species (snails, tilapia) to the characteristics of acidic and saline soils in coastal areas. The results showed that an integrated farming system reduced soil salinity, but increased soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter content more than rice monoculture farming. In addition, this system improved pH, reducing salinity, temperature, and TDS of water more than rice monoculture farming. Acidity and salinity factors affect the rice yield of Winter-Spring crops. The sedge grass (Cyperus malaccensis) grew well under the pH and salinity conditions, but the sedge yield in the dry season was higher than in the rainy season. The weight gain of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was from 0.45 to 0.96 g/day, but fish yield was still low (226 - 541 kg/ha); due to low survival rate (30-36%). Snails (Pila gracilis) adapted well to experimental conditions and the survival rate reached 53-79%. The data analysis of financial efficiency showed that the profit of integrated farming was higher than rice monoculture farming (10,905 to 11,146 USD compared to 904-1,672 USD/ha/year). Therefore, diversified land use in coastal areas to grow sedge grass combined with snails and tilapia increased household income in these study sites.
Effects of Sub1 and qDTY on The Agro-Morpho-Physiological Traits of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Reproductive Stage Drought Stress
Authors: Mohammad Nahar Shakirah , Mohd Yusri Nur Sakinah , Mohd Ikmal Asmuni , Shamsudin Noraziyah Abd Aziz , Abd Razak Siti Nurfaeiza , Sudo Maggie Pui San , Song Beng-Kah , Goh Bey-Hing , Ming Long Chiau
Published: November 2024

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that affects plants at various levels and stages as it also reduces crop productivity and weakens global food security. Breeding and screening of drought tolerant varieties are crucial to ensure the continuity of food supply. Two breeding lines, UKM-112 and UKM-114 with QTL(s) for submergence tolerance (Submergence 1 [Sub1]) and yield under drought stress (qDTY) and together with their recurrent parental line, UKM-5, and a drought-sensitive cultivar, MR219 were screened for their agro-morpho-physiological responses under reproductive stage drought stress (RS) and non-stress (NS) to determine how the Sub1 interacts with qDTY in enhancing drought tolerance. Under NS, UKM-112 (with qDTY3.1 and Sub1) recorded the highest values while MR219 (no QTL) recorded the lowest values for most parameters. Furthermore, lines with QTL (either single or two QTLs) outperformed MR219 in all agronomic parameters including grain yield (GY) under RS. UKM-114, which carries the Sub1, demonstrated higher values for important agronomic traits such as the number of filled spikelets (FS), thousand-grain weight (TGW), and GY when exposed to drought stress. The enhanced values in UKM-114 are a good indication that the presence of Sub1 minimized the negative impacts of drought on yield-related traits. The genotype with qDTY or a combination of qDTY and Sub1 has a lower photosynthetic rate under RS compared to the genotype with only Sub1 but higher than MR219 suggesting that qDTY improved the photosynthetic rate, though lesser compared to Sub1. These results indicate that Sub1+qDTY does not effectively improve drought stress survivability and yield. The presence of qDTY appears to mask the beneficial effect of Sub1 in improving photosynthetic rate and yield. While the present study did not report a positive outcome for Sub1+qDTY, the combination of these traits has the potential to provide beneficial effects without any negative interactions.
Effects of Hormonal Regulation on Cell Number and Cell Size in Determining Fruit Size: A Mini-Review
Authors: Karim Siti Khadijah A , Zainal Zamri , Sidik Nik Marzuki
Published: November 2024

Fruits are sold by weight, and hence, fruit size is a central indicator of fruit yield and quality. In horticultural industries, fruit growers and researchers continually search for and improve cultivation methods to enhance fruit size. By providing a fundamental understanding of how fruit size is regulated in plants, the process of cell number production followed by the increase of cell size has been widely studied. Molecular and cellular approaches provide direction to both scientists and breeders in fruit quality enhancement. This mini-review discussed the interplay among major plant hormones in regulating cell number production and cell size in horticultural plants. We focused on hormones that are mainly involved in determining cell proliferation and cell size and on their interaction during genetic regulation and their signaling pathways, which in turn, influence final fruit size. We also deliberated the current findings around this research niche at cellular and molecular levels. This will ultimately assist breeders in improving the fruit quality, and yield and increase profit.
The Evaluation of Blast Resistance and Submergence Tolerance of New Breeding Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Lines Developed Through 4-Way Marker-Assisted Breeding
Authors: Pohan Selvia Dewi Pohan , Sukiran Noor Liyana , Jamsari Jamsari , Mohd Yusir Nur Sakinah , Mohammad Nahar Shakirah , Shamsudin Noraziyah Abd Aziz Shamsudin
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to create new rice lines with a strong resistance to blast disease and a high tolerance to submergence. This was achieved by introducing Pi and Sub1 QTLs into the popular local rice variety, Pulau Batu using a 4-way marker-assisted breeding technique. The progenies were evaluated both phenotypically and genotypically to identify those that have favorable traits. The 4-way-F3 rice breeding lines that showed exceptional performance were then assessed in both greenhouse and rice field nurseries from April to July 2023, corresponding to the dry season. The blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae (MoK19-28) isolated from a local rice field in West Sumatra was utilized as a fungal inoculum to assess the resistance level of established breeding lines against blast disease. Phenotypic blast resistance test was conducted according to the SES-blast-test standard. Consequently, a submergence tolerance test was carried out to assess the tolerance level of breeding lines to submergence over 14 days of vegetative development, following the submergence tolerance test standard. The results indicated that 11 breeding lines exhibited exceptional performance when exposed to blast disease and submergence stress. Blast resistance test showed that 60% of the breeding lines were categorized as resistant, 27% as moderately resistant, and 13% as susceptible. The submergence test indicated that 7% of the breeding lines were categorized as tolerant, 42% as moderately tolerant, 28% as moderately susceptible, and 23% as highly susceptible. Plants with a high survival rate (>70%) tend to have a low elongation percentage rate (<30%) and low changes in chlorophyll content (<30%). In the natural nursery, they exhibited superior performance in comparison to their parental lines, namely Pulau Batu, Inpari 48 Blas, and IR64-Sub1. This study proposed that the selected breeding lines combined Pi and Sub1A QTLs, which enhance phenotypic traits related to blast disease and submergence stress.
Moderating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on the strength of the mediated relationship between networking capabilities and SME performance via entrepreneurial competencies
Authors: Ali Bishar Adan
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was determine the effect of networking capabilities on firm performance while controlling for entrepreneurial competencies, to determined the moderating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and SME performance and ultimatrely to establish the moderating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on the strength of the mediated relationship between networking capabilities and Small and Mediam Enterprises (SME) performance via entrepreneurial competencies. The study sdopted the positivist research philosophy asserting the existence of an objective reality that can be quantified, offering both explanatory and predictive capabilities. The research adopted an explanatory research design. Hayes Model 4 and 59 process Macro approach was used to analyse data and test the hypotheses. The results showed that networking capabilities had a significant direct effect on firm performance. The study also revealed that the interaction of entrepreneurial self- efficacy between the entrepreneurial competencies and firm performance was significant. Ultimately, the study determined the conditional indirect effect of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy (ESE) on the strength of the mediated relationship between networking capabilities and SME performance via entrepreneurial competencies. The study concluded that positive and significant moderated mediation analysis was evident. More importantly, the conditional indirect effect was much stronger with firms having lower levels of ESE. The study concluded that entrepreneurial self-efficacy has significant conditional indirect effect on the strength of the mediated relationship between networking capabilities and SME performance via entrepreneurial competencies. These findings emphasise the importance of self-efficacy, networking capabilities and competencies of the entrepreneurs as a predictor to improved firm performance.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Language and Literature Studies, Vol. 14, No. 4
Authors: Ding Alice
Published: November 2024

Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Language and Literature Studies, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2024.
Brand Communication in Times of Crisis: A Comparative Study of Saudi Brands’ Digital Messages on X During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bajnaid Walaa N.
Published: November 2024

Brand communication during public crises plays an essential role in building sustainable and strong relationships with customers. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Saudi brands, like all brands around the world, needed to devise novel survival strategies. This study explores and contrasts brand communication strategies both during and after the pandemic. The study focuses on the peak of the pandemic, which coincided with the holy month of Ramadan. It analyses two datasets comprising brands’ Twitter content during Ramadan 2020 and Ramadan 2024 using Taylor’s six-segment advertising strategy wheel. The sample included a total of 3021 tweets from 37 companies across five industrial sectors. The results reveal the ritual view with social segment dominated the tweets in both periods and variances in segment details at the sector level. Brand voice was found to have shifted from sympathetic in the first period to energetic in the second period, reflecting changing circumstances.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 14, No. 6
Authors: Xu Diana
Published: November 2024

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 14, No. 6, 2024
The Moderating Role of Perception of Control in the Relationship between Competence Evaluation and Sports Motivation among Athletes
Authors: Ogba Kalu T. , Ike Obinna O. , Goodluck Ekemezie
Published: November 2024

Understanding the role of perception of control in the relationship between competence evaluation and athletes’ sports motivation is sacrosanct for optimal performance and participation. The present study examined the direct effect of competence evaluation by (a) investigating its relationship with athletes' sports motivation, (b) the direct effect of perception of control on athletes' sports motivation, and (c) testing the indirect effect of perception of control on the relationship between competence evaluation and athletes’ sports motivation. Student-athletes (N = 200, Mage = 20.61 years; SD = 3.73) completed self-report measures assessing competence evaluation, sports motivation and perception of control. Regression analysis showed that competence evaluation and perception of control were significantly associated with sports motivation; however, the perception of control moderated the interaction of competence evaluation and athletes' sports motivation. Thus, competence evaluation was significantly associated with sports motivation for athletes with moderate and high perceptions of control. The findings underscore the need for athletes, coaches, sports psychologists, and other sports stakeholders to understand how competence evaluation and perception of control interrelate to boost motivational levels among athletes in sports competitions.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 13, No. 6
Authors: Lin Grace
Published: November 2024

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2024
Development of an Artificial Intelligence Chatbot-Integrated Learning Platform to Enhance Information, Media, and Technology Literacy Skills for 21st-Century Learners in Distance Learning System
Authors: Bootchuy Patthanan , Amornrit Phantipa
Published: November 2024

The objectives of this research were to: 1) develop an artificial intelligence chatbot-integrated learning platform to enhance information, media, and technology literacy skills for 21st-century learners in distance learning system, and 2) study the effects of using this platform to enhance these skills. The sample group consisted of 32 undergraduate students from Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University in Thailand, selected through voluntary sampling. The research tools included: 1) the AI chatbot-integrated learning platform designed to enhance information, media, and technology literacy skills, and 2) pre-tests and post-tests assessing these literacy skills. Data were analyzed using percentages, means, standard deviation, t-tests, and content analysis. The research findings were as follows: 1) The development of the artificial intelligence chatbot-integrated learning platform to enhance information, media, and technology literacy skills for learners in distance learning system included four key components: (1) input, with six sub-components—(1.1) learner analysis, (1.2) content analysis, (1.3) learning platform, (1.4) artificial intelligence chatbot, (1.5) personnel, and (1.6) an information, media, and technology literacy test for learners in the distance education system; (2) process; (3) output; and (4) feedback. The AI chatbot’s implementation comprised three steps: (1) pre-learning, (2) self-learning, and (3) self-evaluation. The quality of the AI chatbot-integrated learning platform, as evaluated by experts, was rated at the highest level. 2) The study on the use of the AI chatbot-integrated learning platform revealed that the sample group of 32 students had significantly higher post-test scores compared to their pre-test scores, with statistical significance at the.05 level (t = -15.90, p = .00). Based on the analysis of users’ attitudes and abilities, it was found that the AI chatbot learning platform is effective as a tool for educational recommendations in distance education. The AI chatbot learning platform can also accurately analyze learners’ questions and provide precise answers that meet their needs.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Management and Sustainability, Vol. 14, No. 2
Authors: Xiao Evelyn
Published: November 2024

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Management and Sustainability, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2024.
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TREATMENT MODALITIES OF CHELATION THERAPY IN BETA THALASSEMIA MAJOR PATIENTS
Authors: Usman Ghazal , Mahfooz ur Rehman  , Khalil Shifa , Hafeez Muhammad Sarmad
Published: November 2024

Background: Thalassemia has high prevalence and carrier rate of 8 - 10% in Pakistan, repeated blood  transfusions lead to iron  deposition  in  organs. In this Prospective study we have compared  the efficacy  of three  chelation  regimens being used in  our country. It has been conducted at PBTS, Fatmid  Foundation and Children   Hospital  Lahore. Methods:  60 thalassemia  major  patients, were divided  into  3  groups according  to  their  mode  of chelation.  Patients in group  I  were on oral  iron  chelator  deferiprone, 7  days  per  week. Thalassemics  in  group  II  were on parenteral  iron  chelator  deferoxamine  given  subcutaneously  for  4  days in a week, and group  III  patients  were on  combination  therapy, deferiprone for 5 days & deferoxamine  given  twice  weekly.  The  assessment  of  chelation  was  done  by  measurement  of  serum  ferritin and  24  hour urinary  iron  excretion  at  the  start  of study  and then  after  six  months  of  follow  up.  To  assess  the  hepatic  iron,  hepatic  MRI  were  also  performed.  Results:   Ferritin  levels were  maximally  decreased  in  group  II,  followed  by  group  III, with  no  significant  reduction in group  I. However  statistically  significant  difference  in  mean  urinary  iron  excretion (increased) was  seen  in  group III. The  hepatic  iron  was  very  high  in  all  three  groups  as  shown  by  the  hepatic  MRI. Conclusion: Combination  chelation  therapy  is  the  most  effective  chelation  therapy  in  iron  overloaded patients. It helps  improve  the  compliance and increases urinary iron excretion. Patients on DFX  have  lowest  degree  of  hepatic  siderosis   even  though  it is  considerably  higher  than  normal  population.
CORRELATION BETWEEN FACIOLINGUAL INCLINATION OF MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISORS AND MOLARS WITH MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Chughtai Abdul Muqeet , Waqar Jeelani  , Maheen Ahmed  , Muhammad Aman
Published: November 2024

Background: The torque of maxillary incisors and molars forms an important component of smile esthetics. The inclination of these teeth may be affected by maxillary and mandibular dimensions. The study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the faciolingual inclinations of maxillary incisors and first molars with palatal width (PW), palatal depth (PD), maxillomandibular angle (MMA) and mandibular width (MW) using cone beam computed tomography scans. Methods: A retrospective analysis of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 66 adult subjects (males-37; females-29) was performed. The Planmeca Romexis viewer 6.2.1 software was utilized to determine the faciolingual inclination of the maxillary central incisor (UIPP) and first molars (right-MMR; left-MML). The correlation of UIPP, MMR and MML with age, PW, PD, MW and MMA was determined using Pearson's correlation. Results: The mean age of the sample was 32.8±11.4 years. The UIPP showed a mild negative correlation with age (r=-0.430; p<0.001). Only the PW showed a mild significant correlation with MMR (r=-0.287; p=0.019) and MML (r=-0.343; p=0.005). All the other maxillomandibular parameters had insignificant (p>0.05) correlations with the inclinations of maxillary incisors and molars. Conclusion: The current study concludes that the PW had a significant inverse correlation with bilateral maxillary molar inclinations. Other parameters such as MMA, MW and PD had no statistically significant correlation with incisors and molars inclinations.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF OLOKIZUMAB IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS- A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Khalid Saad , Imran Laiba , Uzair Muhammad , Tirmizi Javeria , Khan Ayesha , Tashkil Suman , Adil Anas
Published: November 2024

Background: Olokizumab (OKZ) is a monoclonal antibody against the interleukin receptor-6 that has shown promise in recent phase II and III trials in patients of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Olokizumab in managing rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: We searched different databases until March 2023 for randomized controlled trials inspecting the effects of OKZ on various outcomes in RA patients inadequately controlled with anti-TNF or methotrexate. Data were analyzed via Review Manager-v 5.4.1. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: We evaluated five trials with 2761 patients under four treatment groups: 60mg OKZ administered 2-weekly, 64mg 2-weekly, 64mg 4-weekly, and 120mg 2-weekly. Clinical response as measured by ACR 20, 50, and 70 showed statistically significant improvement with the use of OKZ. A 50% disease improvement was seen across all 4 treatment groups (OKZ 64 mg q2w: RR= 2.96, p<0.0001, OKZ 64mg q4w: RR= 3.06, p=0.0002, OKZ 60 mg q2w: RR=5.06, p=0.007, and OKZ 120mg q2w: RR= 3.63, p=0.04). Moreover, 20% and 70% improvements were also noted with OKZ in doses 64mg 2-weekly and 4-weekly. Disease remission, as indicated by DAS28 <2.6 was also significantly higher than placebo across all groups. Safety data showed comparable mortality rates in treatment and placebo groups (OKZ 64mg q2w: p=0.48, OKZ 64 mg q4w: p=0.93). Conclusion: In conclusion, Olokizumab has shown significant improvement in disease activity compared to placebo with a favourable safety profile. However, further larger and longer-term studies are required to confirm these findings.
USE OF DIFFERENT ANTHROPOMETRIC TOOLS IN GENDER ANALYSIS OF MALNUTRITION IN DIVISION BAHAWALPUR
Authors: Muhammad Babar Alam  , Rubeena Zakar  , Muhammad Zeeshan Haroon
Published: November 2024

Previous studies highlighted that CIAF is better tool for malnutrition assessment which screen more children compared to other anthropometric approaches like MUAC, BMI for age, conventional indices (Stunting, Wasting and Underweight). In literature, none of the study has mentioned CIAF performance by gender in comparison with other anthropometric approaches. The study solves this puzzle, whether CIAF has the same performance in gender analysis too or not. Data from 1152 homes gathered using purposive random sample approach. The CIAF detects more malnourished children (63%) compared to other methods. Results show that male children in the study region had a greater frequency of malnutrition than female children. The results of the chi-square showed thatage and gender of the child have a significant relationship with CIAF than other approaches.The CIAF is a superior instrument for assessing child malnutritional status since it detects more malnourishedchildren even with gender analysis too.
RELATIONSHIP OF MATERNAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY TO HIGH BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) PREGNANCIES IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Asra  , Riffat Jalil  , Shehla Arif
Published: November 2024

Background: The average BMI is shifting upwards even in low-resource countries like Pakistan causing an increase in pregnancy-related complications. This study was planned to elaborate the association of maternal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and puerperium with high BMI. Methods: A descriptive longitudinal study was performed in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit 2 of D. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from 1st August 2022 to 31st January 2023. Women delivering in Obstetric Unit 2 having a 1st-trimester record of weight were included. Demographic data, antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum complications noted. Participants were further stratified into 2 groups based on BMI i.e. overweight (25.0-29.9) and obese (30.0 or more) and demographics and clinical characteristics compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done. Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 21. Result: The frequency is calculated to be 15.7%. The observed complications included pre-eclampsia 16.7%, PIH 13%, eclampsia 7%, GDM 18.9%, induction of labour 19.5%, PPH in 15.2% and infected caesarean wound in 19.2% of participants. The caesarean section was the predominant mode of delivery in 55.7%. A significant relationship was found with advancing maternal age, DM/ GDM, hypertension, Pre-eclampsia, IOL, caesarean section, PPH and wound infection. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression models also showed two times higher odd in obese groups as compared to overweight groups. Conclusion: Our study underscores a strong association between maternal obesity in early pregnancy and several threatening complications during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CYSTIC PANCREATIC LESIONS ON EUS, A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE
Authors: Khan Faryal Riaz Khan , Rao Saad Ali Khan  , Ehtesham Haider  , Fuad Ahmad Siddiqi  , Muhammad Mehdi Naqvi  , Salahuddin  , Zara Riaz Khan
Published: November 2024

Background: Pancreatic cystic lesions are increasingly diagnosed these days due to better imaging techniques. It is important to detect the lesions and perform a detailed analysis as some of them are potentially malignant. Methods: From April 2023 to September 2023, all patients with recurrent and/ or persistent abdominal pain lasting for more than a week were assessed in the gastroenterology department of Pak-Emirates military hospital, Rawalpindi. Detailed history and examination was done. Relevant laboratory tests and an ultrasound abdomen were also carried out. Those with pancreatic lesions on ultrasound abdomen underwent EUS (endoscopic ultrasound). Amongst those undergoing EUS, 88 patients were found to have cystic pancreatic lesions. These 88 patients underwent detailed assessment with EUS-FNA (endoscopic ultrasound - fine needle aspiration) so that these pancreatic cysts could be characterized. Only some of the patients undergoing EUS-FNA had one or more of the worrisome features (solid component within the cyst, main pancreatic duct & gt; 5 mm in size, symptoms related to the cyst, family history of pancreatic cancer), and later underwent surgical resection. EUS was done with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position under intravenous sedation with midazolam. During the procedure, the patient was monitored using the cardiac monitor. Images of the pancreas, gallbladder and bile tree were obtained with the echoendoscope in the stomach and duodenum. Informed consent for the study and the endoscopic procedure was obtained from all patients. The study protocol was approved by the hospital ethics committee. Results: The study population included 50 females and 38 males. Many of these patients had one or more episodes of pancreatitis in the recent past. Most cystic lesions were found in the pancreatic body. The largest number of lesions were due to pancreatic pseudocysts. EUS was performed successfully in all patients. Findings have been summarised in the table according to gender. Conclusion: Identifying pancreatic cystic neoplasms is important since some have malignant potential. In that regard, EUS-FNA is a useful diagnostic modality and it can influence the management plan.