bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JOB SATISFACTION AND TURNOVER INTENTION OF BLUD WORKERS AT TROSOBO PUBLIC PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
Authors: Budiningsih Annisa Tria , Ernawaty Ernawaty
Published: January 2024

Job satisfaction is defined as a person's attitude or emotional response toward their job duties. Poor job satisfaction leads to turnover. Trosobo public primary health care staffing data showed a high turnover intention of BLUD workers. This study aims to determine the job satisfaction and turnover intention of BLUD worker at the Trosobo public primary health care. This study was quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted in November 2023 at Trosobo public primary care. Eleven BLUD workers were obtained using total sampling calculations. Data analyzed descriptively. The instruments used in this study were MSQ and TIS-6. The lowest average satisfaction score was recognition (43.64) and the highest were authority and achievement (80,00). Job satisfaction of BLUD workers was in the moderate category (score 26-74) and the turnover intention was in the high category (score >15). Trosobo public primary health care BLUD workers had a moderate category of job satisfaction and high turnover intention. Providing services based on workload and length of service, as well as opportunities for career development to BLUD workers, can be carried out by the Trosobo public primary health care as an effort to reduce the turnover problem
Kepemimpinan Transformatif dan Manajemen Pengelolaan Lembaga Pendidikan Al-Qur’an An-Nawawi Gunungsari Lombok Barat
Authors: Yazid Baehaqi
Published: January 2024

This study aims to describe the figure of a transformative leader with a vision and mission to provide changes in a community system to explore the Qur'an by establishing Qur'an educational institutions and management design institutions that are not far from basic management. This research uses a qualitative-descriptive method with a data collection method using observation, interview, and documentation. Data analysis using Miles and Huberman's framework using, data condensation, data display, and data verification. The result of this research is the existence of an organized system that is carried out by a transformative leader figure in the form of planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating a structure directed to achieve mutual success. However, every institution with an established strategy must face obstacles in this regard, The an-Nawawi Foundation at least has obstacles from educators who are still in college on average so sometimes they are late in teaching and have inadequate facilities and infrastructure.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sosok pemimpin yang bersifat transformatif dengan visi dan misi untuk memberikan perubahan dalam suatu sistem masyarakat untuk mendalami al-Qur’an dengan cara mendidirikan lembaga pendidikan al-Qur’an dan desain pengelolaan lembaga yang tidak jauh dari manajemen dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualititatif-deksriptif dengan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan kerangka Miles dan Huberman dengan cara, kondensasi data, dislay data dan verifikasi data. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa adanya suatu sistem yang terorganisir yang dilakukan sosok pemimpin transformatif yang pada tahapan berupa adanya perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi yang terstruktur dan terarah untuk mencapai kesuksesan bersama. Bagaimanapun, setiap lembaga dengan strategi yang mapan pasti memiliki kendala yang dihadapi dalam hal ini, yayasan an-Nawawi setidaknya memiliki kendala dari pihak pendidik yang rata-rata masih menempuh kuliah sehingga terkadang telat dalam mengajar serta sarana dan prasarana yang belum memadai.
The heart team: the multidisciplinary approach to coronary artery disease
Authors: Riojas Ramon A. , Lawton Jennifer S. , Metkus Jr. Thomas S.
Published: January 2024

The recommendation to employ a heart team to guide revascularization has persisted for over a decade. Despite evidence for improved adherence to guidelines, widespread adoption of the heart team approach has been limited. This review delves into the history of the guidelines endorsing the use of a heart team and the supporting data. Additionally, it outlines some attributes of a successful heart team, and how the heart team has been run at several large academic centers. Finally, it reviews some of the barriers to a heart team and future considerations.
Microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis and hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Lu Haifeng , Zhang Hua , Wu Zhongwen , Li Lanjuan
Published: January 2024

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a clinical manifestation of neurological and psychiatric abnormalities that are caused by complications of liver dysfunction including hyperammonemia, hyperuricemia, and portal hypertension. Accumulating evidence suggests that HE could be reversed through therapeutic modifications of gut microbiota. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that gut microbiome affects the physiological function of the liver, such as the regulation of metabolism, secretion, and immunity, through the gut-liver crosstalk. In addition, gut microbiota also influences the brain through the gut-brain crosstalk, altering its physiological functions including the regulation of the immune, neuroendocrine, and vagal pathways. Thus, key molecules that are involved in the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis might be able to serve as clinical biomarkers for early diagnosis of HE, and could be effective therapeutic targets for clinical interventions. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiology of HE and further propose approaches modulating the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevention and potential clinical treatment for HE with a microbiota-targeted therapy.
Cancer drugs and diabetic retinopathy: a dangerous, underestimated association
Authors: Milluzzo Agostino , Manuella Lucia , Frittitta Lucia , Sciacca Laura
Published: January 2024

The worldwide growing prevalence of diabetes and cancer led to an increase in subjects affected by both these diseases that share several of the involved risk factors and have a complex, multifactorial etiopathogenesis. Cancer therapies could have harmful effects on several organs, particularly in subjects also affected by diabetes and its related comorbidities. Moreover, cancer diagnosis often monopolizes the attention of both patients and caregivers, thus reducing the attention to pre-existent diseases. Retinopathy is one of the most frequent microvascular complications of diabetes, accounting for about 5% of legal blindness worldwide. The retinal neurovascular unit is dysfunctional in diabetes and could represent a frail site when cancer therapies are administered. Nevertheless, the short- and long-term effects of the different anticancer molecules on retinal tissue, especially in diabetic subjects, are poorly known, and no specific recommendations on their prevention and management are available. In this review, we summarised the current data on this topic, focusing on the different cancer class drugs involved in retinal damage: anti-oestrogen, classical cytolytic chemotherapy (alkylating agents, taxanes, topoisomerase inhibitors, and antimetabolites), mitogen-activated protein kinase, tyrosine-kinase, and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors are the cancer drugs associated with retinal damage and visual disturbance. However, further studies are necessary to improve knowledge on the molecular and clinical relation between cancer therapies and retinopathy, in order to provide clinicians with evidence-based protocols to optimise the management of these conditions and minimise vision loss occurrence, impaired quality of life, and public health expense.
A FUNDAMENTAL IDEA OF UNDERSTANDING A SENTENCE GRAMATICALLY
Authors: Sadiq Nizamuddin
Published: January 2024

To study of syntax, the concept of structure is fundamental. However structure itself is a very general concept and most of the language learners are assumed that their understanding about sentence is obvious. For many people, a sentence is considered group of words. This idea is not appropriate when a deep study of fundamental idea of a sentence is done.Linguistically speaking, sentences are not formed by words alone but by structural units known as constituents. The constituent has a certain specifiable function in the structure of the thing as a whole. However, the. fundamental idea of a sentence grammatically is that a sentence consists of phrase. Therefore, sentence (S) consists of noun phrase (NP) and verb phrase (VP). The idea of phrase here is to accommodate even a single constituent A at a sentence has. The basic principle of sentence, therefore, is S=NP+VP. It is obvious that NP and VP directly form a sentence. Furthermore, in terms of relation that the phrase may have in a sentence, there are four kinds of phrase relation in a sentence. They are modification, complementation, predication, and coordination.
TEAM BUILDINGTHROUGH CLASS BLOG
Authors: Lestari Febriyanti Dwiratna
Published: January 2024

Student's work for a writing class is no longer one submitted for limited readership the teacher and the writer himself as it can be publicly shared online. Posted on a webpage such as blog, it allows more people to access, read, or leave comments. Though it may sound intimidating for some shy students who are likely to keep their writing private, it is less about trespassing the confidential status of a student's work than building the student's self confidence and encouraging them to produce a better composition. It is especially through class blog which is managed by a number of students of the same class. This model proves to be beneficial for the students because not only is their writing read by more audience than their fellow classmates but they can also identify themselves as a team. This paper attempts to describe the previous researches concerning the application of blog in general and what it means by class blog, the model of class blog which has been implemented in this project, and how team work among the classmates is built through class blogs.
A Measure of Synergy Based on Union Information
Authors: Gomes André F. C. , Figueiredo Mário A. T.
Published: January 2024

The partial information decomposition (PID) framework is concerned with decomposing the information that a set of (two or more) random variables (the sources) has about another variable (the target) into three types of information: unique, redundant, and synergistic. Classical information theory alone does not provide a unique way to decompose information in this manner and additional assumptions have to be made. One often overlooked way to do this decomposition is using a so-called measure of union information – which quantifies the information that is present in at least one of the sources – from which a synergy measure stems. In this paper, we introduce a new measure of union information based on adopting a communication channel perspective, compare it with existing measures, and study some of its properties. We also include a comprehensive critical review of characterizations of union information and synergy measures that have been proposed in the literature.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Prognostic/Predictive Factors in the Era of Novel Drugs
Authors: Urso Antonio , Martino Enrica Antonia , Cuneo Antonio , Gentile Massimo , Rigolin Gian Matteo
Published: January 2024

Novel drugs profoundly changed the outcomes in CLL patients and traditional prognostic/predictive factors that were delineated in the era of chemo-immunotherapy need to be validated in the contest of these new targeted therapies. Currently, the most important prognostic genetic biomarkers are immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) mutational status, genetic aberrations including del(17p)/TP53 abnormalities and the complex karyotype. In this review we discuss the prognostic/predictive role of these genetic markers in relation to novel treatments. Moreover, we present and discuss the new score systems that were elaborated and validated in the era of new drugs. Given the deeper responses obtained with small molecules, new prognostic/predictive markers, including measurable residual disease, and validated prognostic scores could possibly be incorporated into routine prognostic scores, to better identify “very-high” CLL patients, who will need more effective treatments.
Community-Based HIV Awareness & Prevention
Authors: Khan Samina
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground: Empowering Communities, Combating HIV/AIDS: The Indispensable Role of Community-Based Strategies in Awareness and PreventionObjective: Highlight the significance of community-based approaches in addressing the ongoing HIV/AIDS pandemic through enhanced awareness, reduced stigma, and effective prevention measures.Method: This article provides a theoretical analysis of community-based HIV/AIDS interventions, drawing upon key strategies and successful examples from diverse settings.Results: Community-based initiatives emerge as critical factors in empowering individuals and communities to take ownership of their health. Through culturally-sensitive education, accessible testing, and comprehensive support services, these initiatives effectively diminish the social stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS and promote preventative behaviors. Examples of successful programs illustrate the potential of community-driven approaches to achieve measurable reductions in transmission rates and improved health outcomes.Conclusion: The fight against HIV/AIDS necessitates robust community engagement. Community-based interventions, grounded in local knowledge and addressing specific needs, offer a promising pathway towards fostering health equity, reducing stigma, and ultimately curtailing the spread of the virus. Further research and investment in these initiatives are crucial to ensuring their scalability and sustained impact on global HIV/AIDS prevention efforts.
Evaluating Techno-Eco-Efficiency of Waste Clay Brick Powder in Geopolymer Binder
Authors: Sharmin Shaila , Biswas Wahidul , Sarker Prabir Kumar
Published: January 2024

The global focus on geopolymer binder production has increased due to the adoption of waste materials and industrial byproducts. Given the gradual decline of the availability of fly ash and ground granular blast furnace slag (GGBFS) resulting from the decarbonization process in electricity and steel productions, waste clay brick powder (WCBP), could be a viable substitute of these pozzolanic by-products. This research is dedicated to thoroughly investigate the techno-eco-efficiency performance of WCBP when utilized as a geopolymer precursor. The favorable mechanical characteristics exhibited by fly ash-GGBFS-WCBP-based geopolymer binder emphasize the importance of assessing its sustainability alongside its technical viability. The study employed life cycle analysis (LCA), following ISO 14040-44 standards, and using the Simapro software, to evaluate the environmental implications of the use of WCBP-based geopolymer mixtures. Human toxicity emerged as the primary impact. Moreover, the analysis of life cycle costs highlighted key financial factors, with around 65-70% attributed to alkaline activators of the total cost. The production of alkaline activators was identified as a critical point for both environmental impact and economic considerations due to energy consumption. While WCBP-rich samples exhibit a 1.7-0.7% higher environmental impact compared to the control mix (CM), their high mechanical strength and cost-effectiveness make them technologically and economically efficient geopolymer mixes. In conclusion, the portfolio analysis for techno-eco-efficiency affirms that mixes containing 40%, 30%, and 20% WCBP are more efficient than those using 10% and 0% WCBP, respectively.
Physical Characterization of Crosslinked Gelatin Hydrogel as a Potential Biomaterial for Gingival Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Hutomo Dimas Ilham , Deandra Fathia Agzarine , Ketherin Ketherin , Soeroso Yuniarti , Bachtiar Endang Winiati , Tadjoedin Fatimah Maria , Widaryono Adityo , Haerani Natalina , Lessang Robert , Gareta Elena García –
Published: January 2024

The development of biomaterial as substitution to connective tissue graft for treating gingival recession is growing nowadays. Hydrogels received attention as potential scaffold to be used in gingival tissue engineering since their capability to mimic soft tissue characteristic as they can hold amount of water. Gelatin is a natural polymer that widely used in hydrogel preparation with good biological properties, but it has poor physical stability for the used as scaffold. Chemical crosslinking strategy using EDC/NHS was performed in this study to overcome its limitation. One uncrosslinked gelatin and two crosslinked gelatin hydrogels different concentration of EDC/NHS were prepared in this study. This study investigated the difference of physical characterization from the prepared gelatin hydrogels. Our findings suggest the crosslinking strategy using EDC/NHS increase physical properties of the gelatin hydrogels without interfering the chemical structure of the gelatin. The higher crosslinker concentration will result in better morphology and more resilient to biodegradation. As a result, the crosslinked gelatin hydrogel with gelatin:EDC:NHS mass ratio of 12:1:1 met the physical characteristic for future use as scaffold for gingival tissue regeneration.
A Review on Benzophenone-Based Derivatives for Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Blazevicius Dovydas , Grigalevicius Saulius
Published: January 2024

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have garnered considerable attention in academic and industrial circles due to their potential applications in flat panel displays and solid-state lighting technologies, leveraging the advantages offered by organic electroactive derivatives over their inorganic counterparts. The thin and flexible design of OLEDs enables the development of innovative lighting solutions, facilitating the creation of customizable and contoured lighting panels. Among the diverse electroactive components employed in the molecular design of OLED materials, the benzophenone core has attracted much attention as fragment for synthesis of organic semiconductors. On the other hand, the benzophenone also functions as a classical phosphor with high intersystem crossing efficiency. This characteristic makes it as compelling candidate for effective reverse intersystem crossing, potentially leading to the development of thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters. These emitting materials witnessed a pronounced interest in recent years due to their incorporation in metal-free electroactive frameworks and the capability to convert triplet excitons into emissive singlet excitons through reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), consequently achieving exceptionally high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs). This review article comprehensively overviews the synthetic pathways, thermal characteristics, electrochemical behaviour and photo-physical properties of the derivatives based on benzophenone. Furthermore, we explore their applications in OLED devices, both as host materials and emitters, shedding light on the promising opportunities that benzophenone-based compounds present in advancing OLED technology.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of CT-Guided Cryoablation in Treating Adrenal Metastases: Insights from a Single-Center Study
Authors: Pusceddu Claudio , Rinaldi Pierluigi , Cappucci Matteo , Cau Claudio , Melis Luca , Faiella Eliodoro , Marsico Salvatore
Published: January 2024

Background:
To assess effectiveness, safety of computed tomography (CT)-guided cryoablation for treating adrenal metastases (AMs).
Materials and Methods:
This study involved 12 patients treated with 13 CT-guided cryoablation procedures for AMs between 2016 and 2020.
Patients’ ineligible for surgery, with tumors ≤5 cm, and no significant health risks were included. The procedures, conducted by expert radiologists, included initial non-contrast CT scans to determine lesion morphology, followed by cryoablation with monitoring for complications.
Post-treatment, patients underwent regular physical and laboratory checks, including hormonal analysis, and CT scans at specified intervals to assess the treatment's effectiveness and detect disease recurrence or progression.
Results:
In this study, 12 patients with AMs successfully underwent cryoablation, achieving a primary technical success rate of 91.7% and a secondary rate of 100% after a repeat procedure for one patient.
All cryoablation sessions were completed without major complications, with ice ball formations extending 1 cm beyond tumor margins to ensure safety.
Over an 8–24-month follow-up (average 16.3 months), six patients required further systemic therapy, with three developing extra-adrenal tumors. Local progression was noted in two patients (16.7%), one of whom underwent a repeat cryoablation.
Systemic progression was observed in five patients, involving renal and NSCLC cancer recurrences and bone metastasis.
The study reported five deaths due to tumor progression and heart failure, with an average overall survival duration of 32.4 ± 7.6 months.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Mangifera indica Leaf in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats: A Focus on Glycaemic Control and Cholesterol Regulation
Authors: Khan Joyeeta Tahseen , Richi Anika Ebnath , Riju Sanjida Akter , Jalal Tanjila , Orchi Rejwana Jaman , Singh Smita , Bhagat Phulgen , Abdel-Wahab Yasser H. A. , Ansari Prawej
Published: January 2024

Mangifera indica (mango), a member of the Anacardiaceae family, is renowned for its diverse pharmacological properties, encompassing antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiviral, cardiotonic, hypotensive, and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study delves the insulin-releasing and glucose-lowering potential of the ethanolic extract of Mangifera indica (EEMI) leaves in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic rats, concurrently investigating its phytoconstituents. EEMI's effects on insulin secretion were measured using BRIN BD11 β-cells and isolated mouse islets. It’s enzymatic inhibitory properties on carbohydrate digestion, glucose absorption, and free radicals were investigated using starch digestion, glucose diffusion and DPPH assay methods. In-vivo parameters including lipid profile and liver glycogen content were assessed on streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. EEMI exhibited a dose-dependent increase in insulin secretion from clonal pancreatic BRIN BD11 β-cells and isolated mouse islets. EEMI inhibited starch digestion, glucose diffusion over time and DPPH activity in vitro. In acute in vivo studies, EEMI improved food intake, oral glucose tolerance. Moreover, following 28 days of treatment with EEMI, a remarkable amelioration in body weight, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, liver glycogen content, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL and HDL levels were observed. Further phytochemical analysis with EEMI identified the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, and reducing sugar. The synergistic effects of EEMI, potentially attributable to naturally occurring phytoconstituents, hold promise for the development of enriched antidiabetic therapies, offering a promising avenue for the management of type 2 diabetes.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Tandem Asymmetric Allylic Decarboxylative Addition and Cyclization of Vinylethylene Carbonates with N-nosylimines
Authors: Wang Xiao-Lin , Jiang Hai-Bin , Zheng Sheng-Cai , Zhao Xiao-Ming
Published: January 2024

A enantioselective tandem transformation concerning asymmetric allylic decarboxylative addition and cyclization of N-nosylimines with vinylethylene carbonates (VECs) in the presence of [Rh(C2H4)2Cl]2, chiral sulfoxide-N-olefin tridentate ligand has been developed. The reaction of VECs with various substituted N-nosylimines proceeded smoothly under mild conditions, giving highly functionalized oxazolidine frameworks in good to high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivity.
The Impact of Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block on Hemodynamic Stability and Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Radical Surgery for Breast Cancer
Authors: Nikolic Aleksandar N. , Stošić Marija D. , Stojanović Jelena D. , Gmijović Marko D. , Đorđević Miodrag N. , Stošić Biljana D. , Janković Radmilo J. , Karanikolic Aleksandar D.
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Abstract: Breast cancer, a prevalent global malignancy in women, necessitates a com-prehensive treatment approach, with surgery playing a crucial role. Severe acute pain is common post-radical breast cancer surgery, emphasizing the significance of hemodynamic stability and postoperative pain control for optimal outcomes. This study evaluates the impact of ultra-sound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) on these parameters in ASA scores 1-2 patients undergoing modified radical breast cancer surgery with general anesthesia. Methods: Forty-eight patients were divided into two groups: general anesthesia with erector spinae plane block (GA+ESPB) and a control group receiving only general anesthesia (GA). Hemodynamic parameters were continuously monitored, and postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) at various time points. Results: Ultrasound-guided ESPB effectively maintained hemody-namic stability and reduced postoperative pain in breast cancer surgery patients. Statistically significant differences were observed in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure between the GA and GA+ESPB groups at multiple time points (p<0.05). VAS scores showed a significant interaction time*group (p<0.001), with consistent differences between the groups at all time points (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided ESPB application proved ef-fective in preserving hemodynamic stability and managing postoperative pain in modified radical breast cancer surgery. The technique demonstrates promise in minimizing complications related to hemodynamic variations and postoperative pain, contributing to a comprehensive approach in breast cancer surgical treatment.
Vitamin D deficiency, Chronic kidney disease and Periodontitis
Authors: Ganimusa Imaan , Chew Emily , Lu Emily Ming-Chieh
Published: January 2024

Vitamin D has important anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial properties and plays a central role in host immune response. Due to the crucial role of the kidneys in the metabolism of vitamin D, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), are prone to vitamin D deficiency. The resultant reduction in the production of calcitriol, the activated form of vitamin D in patients with CKD is responsible for exacerbating the existing renal impairment and periodontal inflammation. Recent evidence suggests a bidirectional, causal relationship between periodontitis and renal functional status. Both conditions have shared pathophysiologic mechanisms including oxidative stress, increases in the systemic inflammatory burden and impaired host response. This review explores the association between vitamin D, CKD and periodontitis. The review summarises the current evidence base for the classical and non-classical vitamin D metabolic pathways, the biological mechanisms linking vitamin D deficiency, CKD and periodontitis, as well as the bidirectional relationship between the two chronic inflammatory conditions. Finally, the paper explores the impact of vitamin D deficiency on CKD, periodontitis, and related co-morbidities.
MicroRNA-Targeted Therapy
Authors: Nappi Francesco
Published: January 2024

For the treatment of cancer and other diseases, therapeutic targeting of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is an attractive approach. RNA-based therapeutics have been extensively researched over the past decade, with antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs being the most commonly used. Some of these have even gained FDA approval. However, the results of trials have been mixed, with some studies reporting strong effects while others have shown limited effectiveness or toxicity. Alternative treatments, such as antimiRNAs, are currently in clinical trials. There is growing interest in the use of lncRNA-based therapies. This Perspective discusses the main challenges of ncRNA therapeutics, including specificity, delivery and tolerability. It also highlights emerging approaches that aim to improve their success.
Advances in Nanoplasmonic Biosensors: Optimizing Performance for Exosome Detection Applications
Authors: Nurrohman Devi Taufiq , Chiu Nan-Fu , Hsiao Yu-Sheng , Lai Yun-Ju , Nanda Himansu Sekhar
Published: January 2024

The development of sensitive and specific exosome detection devices is highly desirable because it is believed to deliver specific important information for cancer screening, diagnosis, and monitoring. Among many detection techniques, nanoplasmonic sensors are optical detection methods that offer advantages in sensitivity and detection speed and this makes the sample analysis process faster and more accurate. This paper summarizes the development of nanoplasmonic biosensors, especially Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR)-based biosensors for exosome detection. There are three main parts in this paper. The first part will focus on introducing the theoretical background regarding the working principles of SPR and LSPR biosensors. After that, we will introduce several methods that can be used for exosome isolation. This article will close by explaining the engineering of nanoplasmonic sensors both in terms of transducer modification to amplify the signal and functionalization strategies to increase sensor specificity. In this section, the detection mechanism, the type of exosomes detected, and the resulting detection limits are some of the points highlighted in this paper.
Rest Promotes Learning: From the Perspective of Brain’s Default Mode Network
Authors: Luo Wei , Liu Biao , Tang Ying , Huang Jing wen , Wu Ji
Published: January 2024

Abstract：The brain often switches freely between focused attention and divergent thinking, and the default mode network (DMN) is activated during brain rest. The discovery, function and characteristics of default mode network all indicate that learning does not stop when the brain "rests". Mental disease can lead to dysfunctional default mode networks, which affects learning adversely. Therefore, default mode network plays an important role in learning. Neural activities such as β-wave rhythm regulation, "subconscious" divergence mode initiation, hippocampal function and neural replay occur during default mode, which also explain that "rest" promotes learning. This paper reveals the role and neural mechanism of default mode network in learning from the neural level, discusses the essential role default mode network plays in learning, and default mode network enables rest to promote learning.
Learning Challenges of Architectural Education in early Twenty-first century: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Hammadamin Abdulqadir Bayz , Nordin Jestin
Published: January 2024

Architectural Education (AE), as a multidisciplinary field of knowledge, has been through various learning forms, and several learning theories have been adapted to respond to progressive change in the learning environment context and increasing demand for a sustainable built environment. However, it is noticeable that there needs to be more research collaboration efforts among architecture schools and more focus on practice sessions in AE. Therefore, this systematic literature review intends to synthesize the most dominant challenges and examine trends in AE during the early decades of the twenty-first century. This study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) as the review protocol. The keywords have been identified and searched in Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. The authors analyzed ninety-six articles between 2000 and 2023 based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis of the relevant articles provided valuable insights into research intention. The review reveals the four main themes in AE, namely (1) learning approaches, (2)technology innovation, (3) sustainability, and (4) history. Furthermore, the researchers discuss experiential learning, blended learning, e-learning, and online learning as the most used learning methods in architecture schools. More research on art, social context, and the physical built environment seems crucial for enhancing AE. This study comprehensively reviews the state of the art on AE by interpreting the most dominant architectural issues and learning challenges. The outcome is valuable for improving the learning environment in architecture schools.
Flawed Reanalysis Fails to Support the Carbohydrate-Insulin Model of Obesity
Authors: Sciarrillo Christina , Guo Juen , Hengist Aaron , Darcey Valerie , Hall Kevin
Published: January 2024

A recent reanalysis of publicly available data claimed that the carbohydrate-insulin model was supported by results from a randomized crossover trial comparing low carbohydrate (LC) versus low fat (LF) diets. The reanalysis also claimed to have invalidated the primary outcome of the trial, namely the within-participant differences in ad libitum energy intake when they consumed LC vs LF diets. Here, we demonstrate that both claims are untrue. The reanalysis was fatally flawed in several respects, with the most egregious errors related to ignoring the within-participant, repeated-measures structure of the data and treating data timepoints as independent. This resulted in almost all statistical comparisons being incorrect and reporting wildly optimistic p-values. Furthermore, the authors failed to engage sufficiently with prior work on the same trail data and portrayed their reanalysis as being more novel than it was. The reanalysis also failed to disclose the possibility of bias and succumbed to common statistical errors that falsely led the authors to interpret the data as supporting the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity.
RAS/MAPK Signaling Pathway in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Onorato Angelo , Guida Eugenia , Colopi Ambra , Dolci Susanna , Grimaldi Paola
Published: January 2024

The receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) pathway and the downstream related Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascades are crucial signal transduction pathways that preside over various cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and responses to stressors. They are well described in solid malignancies, where many of the involved factors are used as prognostic molecular markers or targets for precision therapy. Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are relatively rare. However, they are the most diagnosed malignancies occurring in the testis (TGCT) among men aged between 15 and 40 years. Despite high aneuploidy and a paucity of somatic mutations, several genomic and transcriptomic assays have identified few significantly mutated somatic genes, primarily KIT and K-RAS, so affecting, at various levels, the KIT–RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK cascade. This review focuses on the most recent investigations about this signaling pathway in TGCTs concerning their development, natural history, response to standard chemotherapy protocols (i.e., cisplatin-based), and on the efforts being made to identify targetable markers for possible precision medicine approaches.
Near Net Shape Manufacturing of Sheets from Al-Li-Based Alloy
Authors: Kihoulou Barbora , Králík Rostislav , Bajtošová Lucia , Grydin Olexandr , Stolbchenko Mykhailo , Schaper Mirko , Cieslar Miroslav
Published: January 2024

Thin twin-roll cast strips from a model Al-Cu-Mg-Li-Zr alloy with a small addition of Sc were prepared. A combination of a fast solidification rate and a favorable effect of Sc microalloying impacts the size and distribution of primary phase particles and the dimension of eutectic cells. Small interdendritic spacing in the range of 10-15 um enables substitution of the initial long-term homogenization annealing by a two-step annealing at 300 and 450 °C and a short solution treatment at 530 °C before quenching and the final age-hardening procedure. A dense dispersion of small Al3(Sc,Zr) precipitates intensively inhibiting recrystallization forms during this treatment. Further refining and fragmentation of the structure were performed using constrained groove pressing before the solution treatment. Small pre-straining of quenched specimens and subsequent age-hardening simulating T8 temper were used to promote the formation of a homogeneous distribution of strengthening particles and to suppress preferential heterogeneous precipitation on subgrain and grain boundaries. Microstructural features and microhardness evolution during annealing were critically examined and confronted with microstructural characteristics observed on reference mold cast alloy or alloys without Sc alloying. The proposed treatment represents a model near net shape procedure for manufacturing thicker sheets for the aerospace industry.
Socio-economic Dynamics Inhibiting Inclusive Urban Economic Development: Implications for Sustainable Urban Development in South African Cities
Authors: Kajiita Robert Mutemi , Kang’ethe Simon Murote
Published: January 2024

Globally, the need for sustainable urban development has never been more urgent than now. This is because estimates indicate that more than half of the global population will be living in urban areas by 2050, with South Africa estimated at 80%. This paper focuses on socio-economic nuances that impede sustainable urban development, as well as the strategies that can accelerate sustainable urban development in South Africa. Through a literature review methodology, the analysis identified the following issues as impediments to sustainable urban development in South Africa, informal settlements and businesses, lack of consultations with urban citizens, unresolved apartheid legacies, violence, crime and insecurity, and migration and immigration intricacies in South Africa. The paper also established the strategies to accelerate sustainable urban development as working with informality and against it, promoting inclusivity and access to resources, formulating, and accelerating policy reforms, investing in rural areas and towns, and finally investing in superior technology and innovation. These findings imply that there is a need to seek alternative development models and approaches, to address social challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and poor housing, aspects that impact negatively on urban development planning and sustainable development. This is because the major challenges to sustainable urban development are human-related challenges, that need social and economic solutions. There is also a need to reduce rural-urban migration by developing rural towns to ease pressure in major towns which are already spilling over.
Mathematical theory of the accelerated expansion of the Universe based on the principle of least action and the Friedman and Milne-McCrea model
Authors: Vedenyapin Victor Valentinovich , Aushev Viktor Mikhailovich , Gladkov Andrey Olegovich , Izmailova Yulia Andreevna , Rebrova Alina Alexandrovna
Published: January 2024

In classical works, equations for the fields of gravity and electromagnetism are proposed without deriving the right-hand sides. Here we give the derivation of the right-hand sides and analysis of the stress–energy tensor within the framework of the Vlasov–Maxwell–Einstein equations and models of the Milne–McCrea and Friedman type. New models of the accelerated expansion of the Universe without Einstein's lambda are proposed.
Studi kelayakan pengembangan bumi perkemahan sebagai alternatif wisata di Kawasan Wisata Kalisuci, Kabupaten Gunungkidul
Authors: Prabawa Bayu Argadyanto , Preambudi Akbar , Annisak Firda , Hidayanto Ngizudin Alfi , Tyas Desy Wahyuning
Published: January 2024

Pasca Covid-19, kegiatan wisata di Indonesia mulai menggeliat pada tahun 2022, begitu pula pada kawasan wisata Kalisuci. Pengembangan alternatif atraksi dengan bentuk bumi perkemahan merupakan alternatif wisata untuk melengkapi atraksi cave tubing yang sudah ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik kawasan serta melakukan penilaian kelayakan pengembangan bumi perkemahan di kawasan Wisata Kalisuci. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik tabulasi nilai berdasarkan Permenpar RI Nomor 24 Tahun 2015 untuk menilai kelayakan kawasan wisata Kalisuci sebagai bumi perkemahan. Hasil studi menunjukkan aspek produk telah terpenuhi sebanyak 20 dari total 34 sub-unsur, aspek pelayanan telah memenuhi keseluruhan 13 sub-unsur, dan aspek pengelolaan telah terpenuhi 22 dari total 31 sub-unsur. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, masih perlu upaya perbaikan kualitas untuk meningkatkan kelayakan usaha, di antaranya cut and fill lahan karena kemiringan lereng yang bervariasi, peningkatan jalur sirkulasi, pemasangan pagar pengaman kawasan, penyusunan layout tenda, serta penambahan fasilitas olahraga, dapur umum, perlengkapan berkemah, pemeriksaan kesehatan karyawan dan satuan pengamanan, ketersediaan IPAL, dan akses darurat. Kajian ini merupakan penilaian awal pengembangan usaha bumi perkemahan sebagai acuan pengelola wisata untuk melakukan optimalisasi potensi wisata Kalisuci.
Salary Disparities in Public Health Occupations: Analysis of Federal Data, 2021‒2022
Authors: Krasna Heather , Venkataraman Malvika , Patino Isabella
Published: January 2024

Objectives. To assess salary differences between workers within key public health occupations in local or state government and workers in the same occupations in the private sector.

Methods. We used the US Department of Labor’s Occupational Employment and Wage Survey (OEWS). Referencing previous studies matching Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) codes with health department occupations, we selected 44 SOC codes. We contrasted median salaries in OEWS for workers in each occupation within state or local government with workers in the same occupations outside government.

Results. Thirty of 44 occupations paid at least 5% less in government than the private sector, with 10 occupations, primarily in management, computer, and scientific or research occupations paying between 20% and 46.9% less in government. Inspection and compliance roles, technicians, and certain clinicians had disparities of 10% to 19%. Six occupations, primarily in social work or counseling, paid 24% to 38.7% more in government.

Conclusions. To develop a sustainable public health workforce, health departments must consider adjusting their salaries if possible, market their strong benefits or public service mission, or use creative recruitment incentives such as student loan repayment programs for hard-to-fill roles. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(3):329–339. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307512 )
Strengthening Quality Measurement to Predict Success for Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Zheng Hua , Ash Arlene S. , Yang Wenyun , Liu Shao-Hsien , Allison Jeroan , Ayers David C.
Published: January 2024

Background:

When performed well on appropriate patients, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can dramatically improve quality of life. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used to measure outcome following TKA. Accurate prediction of improvement in PROMs after TKA potentially plays an important role in judging the surgical quality of the health-care institutions as well as informing preoperative shared decision-making. Starting in 2027, the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) will begin mandating PROM reporting to assess the quality of TKAs.

Methods:

Using data from a national cohort of patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA, we developed an original model that closely followed a CMS-proposed measure to predict success, defined as achieving substantial clinical benefit, specifically at least a 20-point improvement on the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Joint Arthroplasty (KOOS, JR) at 1 year, and an enhanced model with just 1 additional predictor: the baseline KOOS, JR. We evaluated each model’s performance using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) and the ratio of observed to expected (model-predicted) outcomes (O:E ratio).

Results:

We studied 5,958 patients with a mean age of 67 years; 63% were women, 93% were White, and 87% were overweight or obese. Adding the baseline KOOS, JR improved the AUC from 0.58 to 0.73. Ninety-four percent of those in the top decile of predicted probability of success under the enhanced model achieved success, compared with 34% in its bottom decile. Analogous numbers for the original model were less discriminating: 77% compared with 57%. Only the enhanced model predicted success accurately across the spectrum of baseline scores. The findings were virtually identical when we replicated these analyses on only patients ≥65 years of age.

Conclusions:

Adding a baseline knee-specific PROM score to a quality measurement model in a nationally representative cohort dramatically improved its predictive power, eliminating ceiling and floor effects and mispredictions for readily identifiable patient subgroups. The enhanced model neither favors nor discourages care for those with greater knee dysfunction and requires no new data collection.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Keberadaan Peternakan Ayam Petelur di Kelurahan Massepe Kecamatan Tellu Limpoe Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang
Authors: Asrul  , Nugraha Angga , Mansur Musdalifa
Published: January 2024

Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana masyarakat umum melihat keberadaan ayam petelur di Kelurahan Massepe, Kecamatan Tellu Limpoe, KabupatenSidenreng Rappang. Eksplorasi dilakukan dari Tanggal 15 hingga 28 Mei 2023, di Kelurahan Massepe, Kecamatan Tellu Limpoe, Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang dengan 25 responden.Dalam teknik eksplorasi yang digunakan, khususnya strategi peninjauan, khususnya dengan menerapkan strategi langsung kepada individu yang berada di sekitar wilayah usaha ayam petelur, pengujian informasi yang digunakan adalah wawasan ekspresif dengan menggunakan skala Likert sebagai skala estimasi, khususnya sangat terganggu, terganggu, cukup terganggu, tidak terganggu dan sangat tidak terganggu untuk mengkuantifikasi subvariabel bau pencemaran air dan limbah di Kelurahan Massepe, Kecamatan Tellu Limpoe, Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi masyarakat secara keseluruhan berada pada kategori sangat tidak terganggu dengan total bobot Sub Variabel yaitu 324, sedangkan bau yang dihasilkan oleh ternak berada pada kategori tidak terganggu dengan total bobot 177, pencemaran air yang dihasilkan ternak termasuk dalam kategori sangat tidak terganggu dengan berat total 72, dan limbah yang dihasilkan ternak termasuk dalam kategori sangat tidak terganggu dengan berat total 75.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Populasi Sapi Bali di Desa Bulo Wattang Kecamatan Panca Rijang Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang
Authors: Azizah Nurul , Nugraha Angga , Armayani
Published: January 2024

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengatahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi populasi ternak Sapi Bali di Desa Bulo Wattang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu analisis regresi linier berganda adalah regresi linier umtuk menganalisis besarnya hubungan dan pengaruh variable independen yang jumlahnya lebih dari dua. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi populasi ternak Sapi Bali di Desa Bulo Wattang Kecamatam Panca Rijang Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang adalah factor pengalaman beternak. Sedangan factor mortalitas pedet, sistem pemeliharaan tidak mempengaruhi populasi ternak Sapi Bali di Desa Bulo Wattang Kecamatam Panca Rijang Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Usaha pemeliharaan ternak sapi pencaharian bagi masyarakat di pedesaan.