bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative studies of Electromagnetic and Geoelectrical methods to estimate the porosity and specific yield of karst aquifer, West of Iran
Authors: Fasihi Rojin , Tizro A. Taheri , Marofi S. , Voudouris Kostas
Published: February 2023

Knowledge of aquifer parameters is essential for managing groundwater resources. Parameters such as porosity and specific yield are among the basic features to describe the hydrogeological conditions of a region. In this research, the Electromagnetic method is compared with Geoelectrical soundings. Data collection was made available by field reconnaissance visit and is used to investigate and estimate the values of porosity and specific yield of the karst aquifer feeding 5 springs: Famaseb (Sp1), Faresban (Sp2), Gian (Sp3), Ghale Baroodab (Sp4), and Gonbad kabood (Sp5). All these springs are located in the Nahavand Plain, Hamadan Province, west of Iran. Fifteen (15) soundings were obtained upstream of each spring and were used to analyze the results, quantitative and qualitative interpretation of geoelectrical data, logs of subsurface layers, and ranges of apparent resistivities and their electromagnetic frequencies were determined. The value of apparent resistivity was calculated for the saturated and unsaturated layer of each spring, the results were compared with electromagnetic frequencies, which showed that the results of the two methods used were almost similar. The porosity and specific yield by using Archie's law were calculated. It is found that the Faresban spring (Sp2) has maximum porosity of 55% and a specific yield of 0.48 and in contrast to the lowest value of parameters mentioned in the Ghale Baroodab spring (Sp3, porosity 26% and specific yield 0.18). All the estimated values are compatible with the discharge of springs measured in the field and consistent with the geological conditions of the study area.
Application of nano SiO 2 -IPBC microcapsules in the anti-mildew and UV- resistance of rubber wood
Authors: Xu Guoqi , Li Jiaqi , Qin Shaoshan
Published: February 2023

Recent advances addressing the development of anti-mildew and UV-resistance microcapsules for wood. IPBC is enclosed in the drug-loaded carriers, through slow release, resulting in the anti-mildew process. Anti-mildew experiments showed that the control effectiveness of 1.25wt% nano SiO2-IPBC microcapsules was 78.125% against Botryodiplodia theobromae. In addition, a novel angle of view is discussed, which is the UV-resistance, including different mass fraction of nano SiO2-IPBC microcapsules, IPBC and the control group. Different FTIR characterizations and surface color related to impregnated wood samples are discussed. Nano SiO2-IPBC microcapsules had better bonding performance and UV-resistance than IPBC due to the synergistic effect of nano SiO2 and IPBC in the microcapsules. Color measurements showed that the UV-resistance of microcapsules was better than 1.25wt% IPBC impregnated wood samples.
It helps us open new horizons to anti-mould agent, which offers multi-function of great anti-mildew effect and excellent UV-resistance. The simple and green method for the preparation of microcapsules would have tremendous potential for the extensive development of wood protection.
Improving the COI DNA barcoding library for Neotropical phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae)
Authors: Posada-López Laura ,   Bruno Leite Rodrigues2, Velez Ivan Dario , Uribe Sandra
Published: February 2023

Background: Sand fly species are traditionally identified using morphological traits, thought this method is hampered by the presence of cryptic species. DNA barcoding is a widely used tool in the case of insects of medical importance, where it is necessary to know quickly which species are present in a transmission area. Here, we assess the usefulness of COI DNA barcoding as a practical tool for species identification, correct assignment of isomorphic females, and to evaluate the detection of cryptic diversity that occurs in the same species.
Results: A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was used to generate 156 new barcode sequences for sand flies from different countries of the Neotropical region, mainly Colombia, which had been identified morphologically as 43 species. The sequencing of the COI gene allowed the detection of cryptic diversity within species and correctly associated isomorphic females with males identified by morphology. The maximum intraspecific genetic distances ranged from 0 to 8.32% and 0 to 8.92% using uncorrected p distances and the K2P model, respectively. The minimum interspecific distance (nearest neighbor) for each species ranged from 1.5 to 14.14% and 1.51 to 15.7% using p and K2P distances, respectively. Three species had more than 3% maximum intraspecific distance: Psychodopygus panamensis, Micropygomyia cayennensis cayennensis, and Pintomyia evansi. They also were splitted into at least two MOTUs each, using different species delimitation algorithms. Regarding interspecific genetic distances, the species of the genera Nyssomyia and Trichophoromyia generated values lower than 3% (except Ny. ylephiletor and Ny. trapidoi). However, the maximum intraspecific distances did not exceed these values, indicating the presence of a barcode gap despite their proximity. Also, nine sand fly species were DNA barcoded for the first time: Evandromyia georgii, Lutzomyia sherlocki, Ny. ylephiletor, Ny. yuilli pajoti, Psathyromyia punctigeniculata, Sciopemyia preclara, Trichopygomyia triramula, Trichophoromyia howardi, and Th. velezbernali.
Conclusions: The COI DNA barcode analysis allowed the correct delimitation of several Neotropical sand fly species from South and Central America and raised questions about the presence of cryptic species for some taxa, which should be further assessed.
System Design for the Detection of Induction Motor Faults using Multi-Domain Feature Fusion
Authors: USMAN Adil , AZIZ Sumair , KHAN Muhammad Umar
Published: February 2023

Accurate and early detection of the bearing faults would make it possible to solve the problem at a lower cost by replacing relevant parts. In this article, a machine learning technique has been proposed for the detection of inner-race and outer-race bearing faults of the motor. A test bench is developed for experimentation in which easy insertion and removal of the faulty and healthy bearing of an induction motor is possible. A vibration sensor was employed to diagnose the motor faults. A dataset of 3-dimensional vibration signals is acquired from the motor representing inner-race and outer-race bearing faults. Vibrational signal data is pre-processed using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to decompose the raw signals into its integral components called Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) and to find the region of interest. A new scheme for the selection of discriminated features in bearing fault detection application is presented here in which firstly, Multi-domain features were extracted from pre-processed, and were serially fused. Then, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) technique was employed for the reduction of feature vector dimension which resulted a set of only ten features. The proposed features have positive repercussions on the performance of various existing classifiers used in motor bearing fault detection applications. However, Support Vector Machine with a linear kernel (SVM-L) is proposed to recognize the healthy, inner-race fault and outer-race fault states of the motor bearing due to its linear basis. The results of extensive experimentation appreciate the performance of the proposed technique.
Vortex induced sound prediction of slat noise from time-resolved particle image velocimetry data
Authors: Seo Jung Hee , Zhang Yang , Mittal Rajat , Cattafesta Louis N.
Published: February 2023

A data-driven method for predicting the vortex induced sound from time-resolved velocimetry data is presented and applied to the sound generated by flow passing through the slat in a multi-element high-lift airfoil. The time dependent velocity fields in the slat-cove region of the 30P30N multi-element airfoil are obtained from time-resolved particle image velocimetry measurements, and a low-order reconstruction is achieved by using the rank-one vbnm modes from spectral proper orthogonal decomposition. The pressure force and associated dipole sound are then computed via the application of the force and acoustic partitioning methods (Seo et al., Physics of Fluids 2022) which involve volume integrals of the product of the second invariant of the velocity gradient tensor and geometry dependent influence fields. The method enables estimation of the dipole sound generated by local flow structures, and the results are shown to be consistent with theory of vortex sound. Comparison with the measured sound data suggests that while the shear layer modes are responsible for the tonal noise, the interactions between the shear layer modes and other parts of the wing also generate a substantial level of flow noise.
Optimizing the energetic landscape for SiOx/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 battery
Authors: Ko Seongjae , Han Xiao , Shimada Tatau , Takenaka Norio , Yamada Yuki , Yamada Atsuo
Published: February 2023

In the world’s transition to a sustainable society, it is urgent to develop an electrochemical energy storage system that can simultaneously satisfy several social requirements, including high energy density, low cost, environmental friendliness, and elemental abundance. In this context, many researchers have attempted to realize an ideal battery, combined with SiOx (high-capacity and earth-abundant) anode and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (high-voltage & Co-free) cathode. However, its stable operation is yet to be achieved because the reaction potentials of SiOx and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 are located outside the thermodynamic potential window of the traditional electrolytes. In addition, the huge volume change of SiOx easily deforms the belatedly formed passivation film. Herein, we report a long-awaited extremely stable SiOx|LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 battery with an upper cut-off voltage of 4.9 V is successfully achieved by optimizing its overall energetic landscape. The design rationales include (i) upshifting the reaction potential of the SiOx anode closer to the reduction limit of the electrolyte, (ii) formation of a robust anion-derived passivation film on the SiOx anode surface at a higher potential prior to its huge expansion, (iii) tuning the redox potential of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 into the electrolyte stable window, and (iv) suppression of oxidative degradation, including Al corrosion and transition metal dissolution.
Effect of Microsprinkler Irrigation and Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Macronutrient Accumulation of Large Cardamom in Sub-Himalayan Region of India
Authors: Lepcha R. , Patra S. K. , Ray R. , Thapa S. , Baral D.
Published: February 2023

Optimum water and nutrient coupling are the primary requirements for sustainable plant production. A field experiment designed with three tiers of irrigation i.e., I0: rainfed, I1: 1.0 crop evapotranspiration (1.0 ) and I2: 0.75 and four tiers of nutrition i.e., N0: control (no manure and fertilizer), N1: 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) as FYM, N2: 50% RDF as FYM + 50% RDF as chemical fertilizers and N3: 100% RDF as chemical fertilizers was conducted for four consecutive years (2015-2018) on large cardamom in a hilly terrain of sub-Himalayan region in India. The results showed that microsprinkler irrigation at 1.0 along with full dose of chemical fertilizers (20:40:40::N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) recorded the highest growth, yield attributes, fresh (665.22 kg ha-1) and dry (282.03 kg ha-1) capsule yields, the greatest water use efficiency (0.18 kg ha-1mm-1) and the largest soil availability and plant leaf accumulation of N, P and K. The soil water contents increased with incremental soil depth and irrigation regime, and continued to rise up to flowering stage, sharply dropped at capsule development stage and further increased at maturity stage. The predictive regressive models showed the linear relationships between the dry capsule yield and irrigation water and total water use.
The Experience of Psychiatry Residents with Individual Supervision in an ACGME-I Accredited Program in Qatar
Authors: Makki Ibrahim , Ouanes Sami , Carpio Shane Atienza , Ghuloum Suhaila
Published: February 2023

Background
The policies on resident supervision in the psychiatry training program at Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Qatar, meet the requirements of the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education-International (ACGME-I). The psychiatry department has mandated one-hour weekly supervision of residents. Unlike clinical supervision, little is known about how residents perceive individual supervision and its impact on their training. The purpose of this study was to explore psychiatry residents’ feedback on weekly individual supervision, focusing on frequency, content, and perceived quality.
Results
We conducted an anonymous survey among all residents in the psychiatry department of HMC, exploring the number and content of individual supervision sessions received during the previous six months, and their satisfaction with supervision provided.
Out of 25 residents, 20 responded to the survey. The results showed that 95% (n=19) of those who responded had received some form of supervision during the previous six-month period, 15% (n=3) had it consistently on a weekly basis, and only 5% (n=1) received no supervision at all. “Topics selected by the resident and/or the supervisor” was the most frequently provided response by the residents to highlight the content of supervision. The percentage of residents satisfied was proportional to the number of individual supervision sessions received.
Conclusions
Action must be taken to improve the standard of individual supervision to include training of faculty, time protection during supervision, and ongoing support from program leadership.
Determination of catechol in tea based on the inhibition of CS@Cd composites electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Liu Gen , Yao Chunyu , Zhang Hui , Ma Wei
Published: February 2023

To address growing concerns about food safety, sensors for catechol (CA) have been urgently needed. In this work, cadmium-supported carbon spheres (CS@Cd) composites are prepared via hydrothermal synthesis and further used to fabricate a CS@Cd modified glassy carbon electrode (CS@Cd/GCE). Importantly, CS@Cd has good sensitization effect on the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of luminol-H2O2 system. Besides, CA is able to inhibit the ECL of CS@Cd/GCE owing to the consumption of H2O2 induced by CA, and thus a novel strategy for ECL detection of CA is formulated. At optimum conditions, CS@Cd/GCE exhibits excellent linear relationship in the range of 1.0×10-11 ~ 1.0×10-4 mol·L-1 for CA detection with a low limit of detection of 2.5×10-12 (S/N = 3). Finally, this method achieves a satisfactory outcome for the detection of CA in tea samples.
Productivity and profitability of small-scale aquaculture in Malawi
Authors: Munthali Maggie Golie , Chilora Lemekezani , Wineman Ayala , Nankwenya Bonface , Chiwaula Levison , Muyanga Milu
Published: February 2023

Small-scale aquaculture in Malawi is thought to contribute to nutrition and food security and serve as an income diversification strategy. Nevertheless, its adoption is low. Drawing on a recent survey of 734 small-scale fish farms across the country, the present study assesses the productivity and profitability of small-scale fish farms, and their determinants using regression analysis. Most fish farms are owned and managed by individual farm-households, though communally owned farms are also present. Small-scale aquaculture is found to be profitable, though the gross margins are slim. Regression results reveal that productivity and profitability are positively affected by the use of farms for both fingerling and grow-out production; the use of high-quality inputs such as commercial feed and inorganic fertilizers; and number of years the farm has existed. These results confirm that small-scale fish farmers in Malawi and other similar settings should adopt improved technologies and practice best on-farm management practices to increase productivity and profitability. This study contributes to the discourse regarding the pathway through which aquaculture in Malawi can achieve its potential to contribute to the country’s development.
Tracheal Reconstruction Surgery for Congenital Tracheal Stenosis
Authors: Tanh Nguyen Tran Viet , Thach Pham Ngoc , Phong Le Si , Ngoc Le Thi Duyen , Nguyen Phan Thao , Dung Ho Van Anh , Mau Truong Anh , Nhan Vu Truong
Published: February 2023

Purpose
Congenital tracheal stenosis is a rare but dangerous disease. Reconstructive tracheal surgery is a life-saving treatment but also a challenging procedure. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of tracheal reconstruction surgery.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted with all the records of congenital tracheal stenosis which had been managed by tracheal reconstruction surgery at Children’s Hospital 2 Ho Chi Minh city from August 2013 to August 2022.
Results
67 cases, who underwent slide tracheoplasty, were included in our study. Mean age was 7.6 months (25 days – 8 years). Common congenital associated lesion was left pulmonary artery sling, accounting for 65,7% of cases. Bronchial stenosis was found in 22.4% patients. Emergency surgery was performed in 8 cases. The survival rate in this review was 86.6%. Nine patients died in which 4/9 case (44.4%) were emergency surgery. The recurrent stenosis rate was 8.9%, only 2 cases needed reoperation in which 1 died and 1 recovered uneventfully. The outcomes of surgery were good in 53 cases (79,1%).
Conclusion
Tracheal reconstruction surgery with slide tracheoplasty technique is safe and versatile technique which is feasible in every case of congenital tracheal stenosis. Mortality was associated with severe cases which required emergency surgery.
A Two-field Approach to Multibody Dynamics of Rotating Flexible Bodies
Authors: Géradin Michel M. , Sonneville Valentin
Published: February 2023

A two-field version of the floating frame of reference approach is developed to describe the dynamics of flexible body in the case of motion in a uniformly rotating frame. Full decoupling of the kinetic energy results from splitting of the motion into rigid body modes of the floating center of mass and a velocity field orthogonal to them. The motion equations are developed from a canonical variational expression in which displacement and velocity fields play independent roles. They turn out to keep the same global structure as in the case of motion in an inertial frame. The discretization of all inertia terms is discussed in depth. It is also shown that, in the case of discretization of the continuum with 3D solid elements, all gyroscopic terms can be derived from a mass kernel and associated Si matrices. Model reduction is proposed using the Herting-Martinez method in order to automatically satisfy orthogonality of the velocity field to rigid body modes. Two application examples of high-speed rotating systems are developed in length to assess the efficiency of the proposed methodology.
Cyclopeptide self-assembly simulated epidemic sequential and synchronous complexity
Authors: Xia Zhenfang , Wang Yong , Wang Qi
Published: February 2023

Decoding the sequential and synchronous complexities of epidemic outbreaks will help guide the scientific response to the epidemic. Here, the complexity of epidemic sequential and synchronous was simulated from the perspective and method of cyclopeptide self-assembly, and the process of cyclopeptide self-assembly was observed by molecular fluorescence and morphological changes, reflecting the characteristics of the epidemic changes. The results showed that the cyclopeptide, namely cyclo(FWWYYF), self-assembly process took different forms under different concentrations and solvents. At lower concentrations, cyclopeptide molecules simulated the complexity of epidemic sequential and synchronous, while at higher concentrations, cyclopeptide molecules self-assembly also behaves as a non-sequential and non-synchronous composite multimodal model. These results indicated that the complexity of the epidemic outbreaks was not only the complexity of sequential and synchronous, but also the emergence of non-sequential and non-synchronous complex multimodal models. Molecular simulations elucidated why the global pandemic required global solidarity and synchronization.
Effect of Irregularity and Inhomogeneity on Love wave Propagation in Dry Sandy Layer Bounded by Monoclinic Elastic Layer and Isotropic Elastic Half-space
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Madan Dinesh Kumar
Published: February 2023

The present study deals with the Love wave propagation in a dry sandy layer bounded by an upper monoclinic elastic layer and a lower inhomogeneous isotropic elastic half-space. Rectangular-type irregularity is considered at the interface of sandy layer and half-space. Analytical expressions for displacement fields are derived by adopting variable separation method. The dispersion frequency equation for the phase velocity of Love wave is also derived by using suitable boundary conditions. Special cases for orthotropic elastic half-space is discussed. Also the validation with standard Love wave equation is also verified, discussed in the particular case. Significant effects of various parameters like sandiness, irregularity, inhomogeneity and thickness ratio are observed by analyzing the dispersion frequency equation graphically using the MATLAB software. Theoretical results obtained regarding Love wave propagation in the considered model serve as major highlights, having significant relevance in the field of geophysics, materials physics, soil mechanics and earthquake engineering.
Molecular subtypes based on PANoptosis-related genes and tumor microenvironment infiltration characteristics in Lower-grade glioma
Authors: Abulaiti Aimitaji , Maimaiti Aierpati , Yiming Nadire , Fu Qiang , Li Shaoshan , Li Yabin , Wang Yongxin , Zhou Qingjiu
Published: February 2023

The growth of cancer, the effectiveness of treatment, and prognosis are all closely related to PANoptosis (include pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis). It remains unclear whether PANoptosis genes (PANGs) may contribute to lower-grade glioma tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, Firstly, we provided a comprehensive review of the pan-cancer landscape of PANGs in terms of expression characteristics, prognostic value, mutational profile, and pathway regulation. Then, we identified two distinct PAN clusters in 611 LGG patients, each with its own molecular, clinical, and immunological profile. We then developed a scoring system for LGG patients called PANscore. As well as investigating immune characteristics, tumor mutational characteristics, and drug sensitivity, we examined the differences between groups with high-PANscores and those with low-PANscores. Based on this PANscore and a number of clinicopathological variables, an instant nomogram for predicting clinical survival in LGG patients was developed. Our thorough examination of PANGs in LGG revealed their probable function in TME, as well as their clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. These discoveries could deepen our comprehension of PANGs in LGG and provide doctors fresh perspectives on how to forecast prognosis and create more efficient, individualized treatment plans.
Integration of clinical and spatial data to explore lipid metabolism-related gene for predicting prognosis and immune microenvironment in gliomas
Authors: Yu Zhangyi , Zhou Yuneng , Li Yongxue , Dong Zhiqiang
Published: February 2023

Lipid metabolism is crucial to tumor growth and immune microenvironment as well as drug sensitivity in glioma. Identifying prognostic indicators of glioma and elucidating the mechanisms of glioma progression is for improving glioma patient prognosis. In this study, we investigated the role and prognostic value of metabolism-related genes in glioma by GEO, CGGA, and TCGA. Based on clinical data and transcriptome data, We found that the expression pattern of three major pathways of lipid metabolism is fatty acidhigh-phospholipidhigh-triglyceridelow, which is associated with better prognosis and immune infiltration. Using the related genes of these three pathways constructed a prognostic model, and the model showed stability and efficiency in the test set and validation set. In the spatial transcriptome of glioma patients, the microenvironment of the regions with high expression of risk gene CAV1 and SCD is in a state of hypoxia, EMT, and cell cycle arrest, and thus can be used as markers of metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment. In the high-risk group, M0 macrophages and M1 macrophages were significantly enriched, and the risk score was significantly correlated with gene mutation and methylation. screened the sensitive drugs corresponding to different risk genes. This study provided novel insights into the differential immune microenvironment with different metabolic expression patterns and highlighted the spatial and temporal synergy of tumor progression and metabolic reprogramming.
Prevalence, Patterns and Associated Factors of Acute Tibia Plateau Fractures among Adults with Tibia Fractures in Uganda
Authors: Mfaume Benjamin Costantine , Mtisi Expeditho , Sali Patric , Sheikdon Abdirizak , Michael Emusugut , Gonzaga Waiswa , Bugeza Samuel , Mutanda Tonny
Published: February 2023

Background: The Tibia plateau makes up one of the most critical load bearing articular surface in the human body. An injury to this vital anatomic region affects knee alignment, stability and ultimately impairs functional mobility. Tibia Plateau fractures are associated with poor outcomes and more significant late complications if not well managed.
Objective: To determine the prevalence, patterns and associated factors of Tibia Plateau fractures (TPFs) among adults with tibia fractures seen at Mulago National Referral Hospital using Computerized tomography.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study which assessed tibia plateau fractures using computerized tomography. The prevalence of tibia plateau fractures was determined as a proportion of tibia plateau fractures among all tibia fractures enrolled in the study. The patterns were determined as a proportion of a particular pattern among tibia plateau fractures. For factors associated with TPFs, we performed a Fisher’s exact test and factors with P-values less than 0.2 at bivariate were considered to have an independent association with tibia plateau fractures
Results: 283 participants with tibia fractures were enrolled, 40 had tibia plateau fractures resulting in a prevalence of 14.1% (95% CI; 10.5 to 18.7). In this study 75% of the injuries involved the right tibia and 57.5% were closed injuries. Majority of tibia plateau fractures were classified as Schatzker VI at 60.0%. The most common column classification was medial accounting for 40% while the lateral and posterior Columns were equally distributed by 30.0% each. Sex of participant was found to have an independent association with TPFs
Conclusion: Tibia plateau fractures are common injuries with a high prevalence in our setting. Road traffic accidents were the most common mechanism of injury affecting mainly motorcyclists and pedestrians. Shatzker VI and medial column is the most common fracture pattern in our setting.
The Rise of Portland Cements
Authors: Scrivener Karen L. , Snellings Ruben
Published: February 2023

This chapter tells the story of Portland cement, from its invention in the 19th century until its present-day hegemony as the number one manufactured mineral product. The success story of Portland cement is rooted in the unique combination of the abundance of its raw materials, the reactivity of the high-temperature clinker product toward water, and the properties of the calcium silicate and aluminate hydration products. Further development of Portland cements today mainly addresses the formidable challenge of reducing process CO2 emissions. Options include partial replacement of clinker by low-carbon resources, material-efficient use of cement and concrete products, and end-of-pipe carbon capture and storage or use.
Polarization-fluorescence Microscopy in the Study of Aggregates and Concrete
Authors: Broekmans Maarten A.T.M. , Fernandes Isabel , Fredin Ola , Margreth Annina
Published: February 2023

Concrete structures may develop deleterious damage, which significantly reduces service life, structural integrity, and safety, posing serious issues in large or otherwise critical infrastructure. Routine petrographic assessments, including microstructure, texture, and fabric, of concrete and its (gravel and sand) aggregate and binder constituents in thin section using polarization-fluorescence microscopy (PFM) enables the unequivocal identification of features that would otherwise remain hidden in conventional petrography. Rigorous preparation procedures preserve original microstructural details, make preparation artefacts recognizable, and ensure that the fluorescent emission can be quantified. This contribution outlines the preparation of fluorescence-impregnated thin sections and elaborates on the application of PFM to damaged concrete, with further examples from selected rock types commonly used for concrete aggregate.
Students’ Responses in Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic Towards Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Students
Authors: Azis Azis , Rasmuin Rasmuin , Rahmatia Rahmatia
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of student responses in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic on the mathematics learning outcomes of grade IX students at the junior high school level and the equivalent in Baubau City. This research is an ex-post facto research, which was conducted in junior high school and equivalent in Baubau City. The population is all students of class IX SMP and equivalent in Baubau City (that is, SMP and MTs both public and private) as many by as 3170 students. The research sample was taken as many as 314 students. The instruments used are questionnaires and tests of students' mathematics learning outcomes. The results of the analysis on the regression test with a significant value of 0.024 0.025 and a t-value of 2.266 state that there is an effect of student responses in online learning on the mathematics learning outcomes of grade IX junior high school students and the equivalent in Baubau City.Keywords: student response, online learning, the covid-19 pandemic, mathematics learning outcomes
Penerapan LKPD Berbasis Kontekstual terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa SD
Authors: Tahir Tahir , Marniati Marniati
Published: February 2023

Pelajaran matematika adalah salah satu mata pelajaran yang dipelajari oleh siswa disemua tingkatan Pendidikan. Mempelajari matematika berarti siswa mempelajari prinsip dan konsep Penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi eksperimen yang dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk melihat bagaimana penerapan LKPD berbasis kontekstual terhadap peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep siswa. Dengan siswa kelas VI SD Negeri di Kecamatan Lalolae menjadi populasinya, selanjutnya dengan purposive sampling dipilih kelas VI SD Negeri 1 Keisio menjadi kelas kontrol dan kelas VI SD negeri 1 Lalolae menjadi kelas kontrol yang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif diperoleh bahwa rata-rata N-Gain kelas kontrol 0,2923 dengan nilai N-Gain tertinggi 0,4792. Sedangkan pada kelas eksperimen, rata-rata nilai N-Gain 0,5926 dengan nilai tertinggi 0,8800. Dari hasil uji t diperoleh nilai t stat = 6,28 lebih tinggi dari nilai t critikal = 2,03, sehingga dapat disimpulkan rata-rata N-Gain KPK kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rata-rata N-Gain KPK kelas kontrol. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan penggunaan LKPD berbasis Kontekstual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VI SD Negeri di Kec. Lalolae. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan KPK siswa secara optimal maka penerapan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan LKPD berbasis kontekstual dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif dalam pembelajaran matematika terutama untuk pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar.Kata Kunci: LKPD, kontekstual, kemampuan pemahaman konsep.
PREDICTABLE ERRORS IN SERBIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: M. Babić Biljana
Published: February 2023

This paper compares the written production of students learning Serbian as a foreign language with utterances of children at an early age acquiring Serbian as a first language. In one part of the corpus – the one compared – there are errors in essays by a linguistically heterogeneous group of students who attended an intensive course in Serbian at A1 and A2 levels of knowledge in the Centre for Serbian as a Foreign Language (within the Department of Serbian Language and Linguistics) at the Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad. The other part of the corpus – the one the first part is compared with – there are deviations from the standard Serbian language revealed in papers dedicated to the acquisition of Serbian and speech development of children at an early age (one to three years old). By means of comparison, common morphological and syntactic deviations from the standard Serbian norm have been determined and singled out (deviations: 1. in the creation of verb forms, 2. in congruence between the subject and predicate as well as 3. in the use of prepositional-case constructions with verbs) with the aim of showing which students’ errors occur under the inﬂuence of the target language itself, i.e. due to intralingual interference. The result of the analysis is a list of the total 43 types and subtypes of errors common for the two groups of respondents, which further leads to the conclusion that the singled out students’ errors can be considered intralinguistic ones. It is established that the total sum of examples by students is 38.1% of their whole corpus in the three observed grammar segments.
An exploration of market organic sanitary products for improving menstrual health and environmental impact
Authors: Hand Jamie , Hwang Christina , Vogel Wren , Lopez Christina , Hwang Sangchul
Published: February 2023

Many menstruators around the world have limited access to education about menstruation and to sanitary methods for managing menstruation. The use of sanitary products is influenced by economic status, proximity to resources, education, and cultural beliefs. Improper use of sanitary products or lack thereof can lead to major health issues. Plastic-based, commercial pads take decades to degrade and cause harm to the environment and pose health risks to menstruators. To combat the lack of education and accessibility to menstrual products, there is a need to develop inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and culturally acceptable menstrual hygiene pads. Organic sanitary pads have been developed with locally available materials, such as water hyacinth, banana stems, bamboo, papyrus, hemp, and cotton. These sanitary pads have the potential to create better health and economic outcomes for menstruators across the globe and reduce the environmental footprint.
Novels of modern domestic legislation in the field of genomic therapy and the prospects for its implementation in everyday life
Authors: Vasiliev Stanislav A.
Published: February 2023

Recent events in Russia and in the world have shown the high importance of medicine for modern society. It became obvious that a large number of threats are concentrated from the point of view of the consistency of the healthcare system, which can be ensured by coordinated actions of state structures based on a high-quality regulatory legal framework. On the other hand, new means and methods of treating various diseases seem to be important. One of these areas of high-tech medicine is the diagnosis and editing of the human genome. There is practically no normative legal regulation of this activity, despite the fact that modern legal science is replete with proposals in this regard and notes an acute shortage of this regulation. Nevertheless, these medical technologies had some influence on minor changes in the legal regulation of this area, including the special powers of the federal territory “Sirius”, revision of the system of state control and supervision over the production and distribution of biomedical cell products and some progress in causing and compensating harm from conducting genomic research. The scientific novelty of this work is the conclusion about the impact of genomic medicine on legal regulation in Russia, as well as proposals for further improvement of such work. The purpose of the study is to analyze the latest legislative innovations to assess the impact of modern medical technologies on them, as well as to determine the main directions for further improving the legal system in this area. Methodology. To carry out this study, we analyzed the domestic legal regulation on the issue of genomic therapy in its dynamics over the past few years, used the method of expert assessments, the comparative legal method. The main suggestions were made by the modeling method. Key conclusions are made based on general philosophical methods of scientific knowledge — analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction.
Use of nanofluids based on carbon nanoparticles to displace oil from the porous medium mode
Authors: Shabiev Farid K. , Pakharukov Yuri V. , Safargaliev Ruslan F. , Yezdin Boris S. , Vasiliev Sergey A.
Published: February 2023

Understanding the interaction mechanisms between graphene nanoparticles (GNs) and oil molecules is crucial for successful oil recovery. Numerous studies have shown that nanofluids, and in particular nanofluids (NF) from the graphene family (GNF), are suitable candidates for enhanced oil recovery in various reservoirs. Increased oil recovery from nanofluid injection is attributed to changes in wettability, decreases in interfacial tension and changes in viscosity. Therefore, knowing the mechanisms that influence the viscosity of the GNF is an urgent task of modern science, both fundamental and applied. A comprehensive study of the molecular interaction between graphene nanoparticles and hydrocarbon oil molecules was carried out in order to understand the mechanisms that affect the viscosity of nanofluids. The paper presents the results of a study of the rheological properties of oil with different content of graphene nanoparticles in it. At low concentrations of graphene nanoparticles, a 10%-17% decrease in the dynamic viscosity of the base fluid was observed. It is also shown that the relative viscosity is affected not only by the concentration, but also by the temperature. Thus, for the mass fraction of graphene nanoparticles wt = 0.5 × 10-3% and temperature T = 50 °C, a maximum viscosity reduction of 17% is observed. By increasing the concentration of graphene nanoparticles from wt = 5 × 10-3% and more, the oil shows the rheological properties of nanofluid. Based on the data obtained by computer simulation and direct observation of self-assembly of graphene nanoparticles and hydrocarbon molecules of oil, a mechanism has been proposed to explain the reason for the decrease of viscosity of nanofluid at low concentrations of nanoparticles. It was also shown that this nanofluid behavior is mainly possible for hydrocarbon liquids as base fluid and planar graphene nanoparticles.
On the application of the LET-model for the approximation of core relative phase permeabilities
Authors: Dubrovin Mikhail G. , Vokina Victoria R. , Yadryshnikova Olga A.
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the problem of adequate interpretation of core relative phase permeabilities and the use of the LET-model in application to this problem. Some existing analytical dependencies for the interpretation of laboratory studies of the OFP are briefly analyzed: the Corey model, the Sigmund and McCaffery model, the Chierici model, the LET-model. The advantage of the LET-model and the high evaluation of this model in independent studies of the authors are described. In the process of preliminary analysis, the authors of the article revealed that the non-trivial issue of determining the adjustable coefficients of the model using mathematical methods was not sufficiently covered, which became the central object of the work. Further, the application of the LET-model is formalized and the methodology for determining the adjustable coefficients of the model (L, E and T) is described. The task of selecting model parameters is interpreted as a multidimensional optimization problem. Also, a class of nonlinear least squares methods was defined to solve the problem. Several common numerical optimization methods for selecting the coefficients of the model are considered: the brute-force search method, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm method, the trust region method. Computational experiments were carried out to assess their applicability and comparative analysis of optimization algorithms. Based on the results of the experiments, it was concluded that the method of confidence domains is suitable for practical application, since they converge to the optimal solution quickly enough and demonstrates high accuracy in the selection of coefficients L, E, T. The final part of the article demonstrates the difference between the LET-model and the basic Corey model when approximating core relative phase permeabilities.
Mass transfer of phases in the flow of oil-water-gas mixture on the core scale
Authors: Shabarov Aleksandr B. , Igoshin Dmitry E. , Rostenko Polina M. , Sadykova Anastasia P.
Published: February 2023

The study of three-phase fluid filtration in the pore space is one of the urgent tasks in the development of oil and gas and gas condensate fields. In the study of three-phase flows, semi-empirical methods for calculating relative phase permeabilities (RPP) are used in practice, which do not consider the structure of the pore space and the fundamental equations of hydrodynamics. The paper proposes and substantiates a physical and mathematical model of mass transfer in the filtration flow of an oil-water-gas mixture in a porous medium. The pore space structure model is based on the distribution of pore diameters obtained from capillary pressure curves (CCP). In the core, clusters are identified, consisting of a large channel through which oil, water and gas move in a “beaded” mode; channels of medium diameter filled with water and gas and channels of small radius in which gas moves. A system of equations is presented and solved that determines the distribution of moving volumes and volumetric flows over channels and phases. When determining pressure losses in the system of pore channels, friction losses, local losses, and also losses due to interfacial interaction are taken into account. For the first time, on the basis of a hydrodynamic model, analytical expressions were obtained to determine the RPP for oil, water and gas. The calculation-experimental method is based on three model experiments, the results of which determine the properties of the cluster channels in relation to the separately filtered phases. It is shown that the developed theory and calculation method, in the particular case of an oil-water mixture, coincide with the previously developed theory of two-phase filtration on the core scale.
Disruption of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms with Purified Moringa
oleifera Leaf Extract Protein
Authors: Biswas Sumit , Menon Lakshmi , Chouhan Omprakash , Walke Rushikesh , Shah Shruti , Damare Samir
Published: February 2023

Background:

A major cause of economic losses in the medical implant sector has been
bacterial biofilms due to their ability to persist on various surfaces and their tolerance against
endogenous defences, antibiotics, or other anti-microbial agents. The quest for potential sources
causing inhibition or disruption of bacterial biofilms has been taken up to alleviate the loss. Plantderived
extracts such as essential oils, bioactive compounds and other solvent extracts are regularly
being used instead of antibiotics and other synthetic compounds as they are safer, economical, and in
many instances, have an elaborate history of traditional medicinal usage.

Objectives:

As a plant that has been traditionally used over the centuries, the Moringa oleifera Lam.,
or more commonly the drumstick tree, is being tapped for myriad pharmaceutical applications. The
protein-rich leaf of this tree has not only proved to be of great nutritional value but also divulged
numerous potential therapeutic applications.

Methods:

While reports of proteinaceous components are rare, here we report the efficacy of the
aqueous extract of the leaf of M. oleifera and a 62 kDa protein component in the disruption of
staphylococcal biofilms, which are largely implicated in nosocomial infections.

Results:

The application of the M. oleifera leaf extract protein had a marked effect on the biofilm
growth or formation by Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusion:

While the crude extract itself showed considerable disruption of biofilm formation, the
application of the purified protein obtained after a two-step process led to a significant increase in the
anti-biofilm activity.
The Chemical Synthesis of the 1-C-Alkyl Substituted Pyrrolidine and Piperidine
Iminosugar Natural Products and their Analogues
Authors: Byatt Brendan J. , Pyne Stephen G.
Published: February 2023

A review of the chemical synthesis of the 1-C-alkyl substituted pyrrolidine and
piperidine iminosugar natural products and their analogues (where the alkyl chain comprises
two or more carbons) is provided. These syntheses can be grouped into nine different synthetic strategies that share a common approach toward installing the alkyl substituent. These include nucleophilic addition to aldimines; Grignard additions to glycosylamines, cyclic imides,
and carbohydrates; Weinreb ketone synthesis; nucleophilic addition to cyclic nitrones; the
Overmann rearrangement; the allylation of hemiaminals; and the Petasis borono-Mannich
reaction. The broussonetine alkaloids have proven popular synthetic targets to develop new
synthetic methods and verify these target molecules' structures and stereochemistry.
Study on the Mechanism of Dachaihu Decoction in the Treatment of Acute
Pancreatitis Based on Artificial Intelligence Combined with in vivo Experiments
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Sujie , Zhang Xiujiang , Wang Pei , Meng Zhe , Pang Yuming , Li Wei
Published: February 2023

Background and Aim:

To explore the possible mechanism of Dachaihu Decoction
(DCHD) in the treatment of AP, and use in vivo experiments to verify.

Methods:

The targets and active ingredients of DCHD in the treatment of AP were obtained
through network pharmacology, and the preliminary verification was carried out by molecular
docking. Caerulein was used to develop the AP rat model. H&E staining was performed to observe
variations in pancreatic tissue. Western blot and RT-qPCR were conducted to evaluate the associated
proteins and mRNA.

Results:

The network pharmacology and molecular docking results showed that the key targets
(EGFR, TNF, SRC, VEGFA and CTNNB1) and key active components (beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol,
baicalein, quercetin, and kaempferol) of DCHD in the treatment of AP had good binding.
H&E staining revealed that rat pancreatic tissues considerably damaged post caerulein intervention,
and it has also been suggested that DCHD ameliorates damage to pancreatic tissue. Simultaneously,
EGFR, TNF, SRC, VEGFA protein, and mRNA expression levels were increased in the
model group compared to the blank group (P < 0.01), whereas CTNNB1 expression was found to
be decreased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the protein expression
levels of EGFR, TNF, SRC, and VEGFA in the treatment group were down-regulated (P <
0.01), and CTNNB1 was up-regulated (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

DCHD protects pancreatic tissues and improves symptoms in AP rats by upregulating
CTNNB1 protein and mRNA while inhibiting EGFR, TNF, SRC, and VEGFA protein and mRNA
expression.