bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le son tactile ou la sensorialité excentrique dans les performances solos de Magali Babin
Authors: Abenavoli Lorella
Published: August 2013

Comment l’éphémère frôlement d’une caresse peut-il devenir un objet esthétique ? Comment l’effleurement digital sur l’épiderme minéral d’une feuille de schiste peut-il devenir musique ? Comment l’intime expérience tactile peut-elle devenir l’espace d’un rituel artistique collectif ? Comment le son électronique devient-il, chez Magali Babin, médium d’une sensorialité excentrique ? Cet article nous emmène dans l’une des contrées de la pratique de Magali Babin : le monde tactile de l’audio qu’elle déploie dans ses performances solos. Auteure d’une oeuvre sonore polymorphe, Magali Babin est une artiste québécoise, performeure, compositrice et interprète, inaugurant depuis deux ans les pratiques installatives sonores. Elle est une figure majeure de la scène alternative montréalaise en art audio, de l’improvisation « à risque » ainsi que de la musique expérimentale, déambulant librement entre les catégories artistiques les plus actuelles.
« Mais je voulais que ça cesse!1»
Authors: Côté Denyse
Published: August 2013

La garde physique partagée s’impose de plus en plus au Québec à titre de modèle en matière de garde parentale post-séparation. Elle correspond en effet aux normes et valeurs contemporaines de la famille démocratique et négociatrice et d’une coparentalité transcendant toute rupture conjugale. Mais lorsqu’on sait que la violence conjugale peut également survivre à une rupture conjugale, force est de reconsidérer le présupposé de lasupérioritéde la garde physique partagée qui s’est rapidement propagé dans les discours et représentations publiques. Cet article analyse le discours de mères victimes de violence qui ont découvert, bien malgré elles, que la garde partagée a plutôt ouvert la voie pour elles à une pérennisation de la violence et à leur revictimisation.
Pour que droit et familles fassent bon ménage
Authors: Belleau Hélène , Cornut St-Pierre Pascale
Published: August 2013

Alors que le mariage ne va plus de soi dans la société québécoise d’aujourd’hui, on constate qu’un nombre croissant de familles vivent désormais en marge du droit, ayant choisi de ne pas officialiser leur union. À l’aide de la notion de conscience du droit, nous nous intéressons ici aux attentes qu’entretiennent les personnes vivant en couple par rapport au droit de la famille.Certaines montrent un rapport instrumental ou hostile aux règles juridiques, mais la plus grande partie des personnes rencontrées s’attendent à ce que le droit définisse des règles générales en vue de l’égalité et de la protection des familles.
Recomposition familiale, parentalité et beau-parentalité
Authors: Saint-Jacques Marie-Christine , Drapeau Sylvie , Parent Claudine , Godbout Élisabeth
Published: August 2013

Cet article présente une synthèse des connaissances produites depuis l’an 2000 sur la thématique des impacts de la recomposition familiale sur l’exercice de la parentalité. Il fait ressortir que ces familles ont à relever des défis qui s’apparentent souvent à ceux des familles biparentales intactes. Toutefois, leurs caractéristiques structurelles et la séquence des événements familiaux teintent leur parcours et créent des défis considérables à relever. Les lacunes sur le plan de la recherche sont soulignées et plusieurs pistes de recherche et d’intervention sont proposées. Elles insistent sur l’importance à accorder à la diversité, aux formes émergentes de recomposition familiale et aux autres acteurs qui entourent ces familles.
Impasses éthiques des politiques sociales d’activation1
Authors: Gonin Audrey , Grenier Josée , Lapierre Josée-Anne
Published: August 2013

Depuis plus de vingt ans, d’importantes transformations se sont opérées au sein des politiques sociales menées en Amérique du Nord, en Océanie et en Europe de l’Ouest, ce virage politique pouvant être compris comme un remplacement des formes d'État-providence par le modèle de l'État social actif. Le premier temps de cet article sera consacré à la description des grandes caractéristiques des politiques sociales d'activation, pour analyser dans un second temps les impasses éthiques qu'elles présentent, sur la base de recherches menées auprès d'intervenants.es sociaux et de personnes visées par ces politiques.
Les gestionnaires des SIPPE
Authors: Dessureault Suzanne
Published: August 2013

La présente recherche s’inscrit dans le champ d’études de l’intervention sociale en
milieu institutionnel, dans un contexte marqué par les principes de la nouvelle gestion
publique (NGP). Elle a été réalisée auprès de six gestionnaires mandatés pour appliquer le
programme de prévention précoce connu sous le nom de services intégrés en périnatalité et
pour la petite enfance (SIPPE) à l’intention des familles vivant en contexte de
vulnérabilité. Son but est d’analyser les repères normatifs guidant les pratiques de membres
du personnel de la santé et des services sociaux québécois qui occupent une position de
cadre intermédiaire dans l’implantation, la consolidation et l’évaluation des SIPPE à
l’échelle locale. Ces gestionnaires sont confrontés à certains aspects contradictoires ou
paradoxaux du programme relatifs à la reconnaissance des jeunes parents pauvres dans la
définition des problèmes et des visées de l’intervention.
Lutter pour exister
Authors: Greissler Élisabeth , Labbé François
Published: August 2013

Cet article vise à analyser les conditions d’émergence du Rassemblement de la
Jeunesse citoyenne (RAJE citoyenne), une action directe non violente coordonnée par le
Regroupement des Auberges du coeur du Québec (RACQ). Le RAJE citoyenne se veut une réponse
collective à des problèmes d’accès de jeunes adultes à l’aide sociale et aux programmes de
formation ou de retour aux études. Les auteurs décrivent les conditions de possibilité de ce
mouvement « précaire ». Ils s’intéressent également au rôle déterminant du RACQ, initiateur
et soutien principal du RAJE. Ils réfléchissent enfin aux enjeux de structuration de cet
espace de participation citoyenne.
Surface Modification of Poly(methyl methacrylate) by Hydrogen-Plasma Exposure and Its Sputtering Characteristics by Ultraviolet Light Irradiation
Authors: Yoshimura Satoru , Ikuse Kazumasa , Sugimoto Satoshi , Murai Kensuke , Honjo Kuniaki , Kiuchi Masato , Hamaguchi Satoshi
Published: August 2013

Surface modification of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films by hydrogen-plasma exposure has been studied in the light of sputtering resistance of polymer-based materials in plasma etching processes. Surface measurements of PMMA were performed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. It has been found that oxygen atoms are preferentially removed from the surface when a PMMA film is subjected to hydrogen-plasma exposure, with the depth of modification being about 40 nm in the case we examined. Hydrogen-plasma exposure is also found to reduce the sputtering yields of PMMA by ultraviolet light irradiation, as in the case of Ar+ion irradiation [S. Yoshimura et al.: J. Vac. Soc. Jpn. 56 (2013) 129]. The results suggest that PMMA films become hardened and more sputtering resistant due to the formation of a thick (i.e., 40 nm in the case of this study) amorphous carbon layer by hydrogen-plasma exposure. Hydrogen-plasma exposure is thus an effective technique to increase etching resistance of polymer films.
GaN-on-Si Enhancement Mode Metal Insulator Semiconductor Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor with On-Current of 1.35 A/mm
Authors: Hahn Herwig , Benkhelifa Fouad , Ambacher Oliver , Alam Assadullah , Heuken Michael , Yacoub Hady , Noculak Achim , Kalisch Holger , Vescan Andrei
Published: August 2013

GaN-on-Si transistors are regarded as a candidate for future power-switching applications. Beside the necessity to achieve enhancement mode behavior, on-resistance and maximum gate voltage are still limited for GaN-based transistors on Si substrate. Here, an enhancement mode metal insulator semiconductor heterostructure field effect transistor on Si substrate with record on-current of 1.35 A/mm and threshold voltage of +0.82 V is demonstrated. The corresponding gate current is still well below 1 mA/mm at 6.5 V gate voltage. By comparison of measured and simulated CV curves, the density of interface states introduced by the insulator is shown to be quasi-independent on etch damage and/or barrier material.
Modulation of Interface and Bulk States in Amorphous InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistors with Double Stacked Channel Layers
Authors: Zhan Runze , Dong Chengyuan , Yang Bo-Ru , Shieh Han-Ping D.
Published: August 2013

A high-performance amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) was achieved using a double stacked channel layer (DSCL). An oxygen-poor IGZO film was deposited in pure argon ambient as a buffer layer to prevent oxygen plasma bombardment and improve device performance. An oxygen-rich IGZO film was then deposited on top of that buffer layer to modulate device stability. With this structure, an interface with low oxygen-plasma-induced damage and few oxygen vacancies in the bulk was achieved using DSCL, leading to a higher stability of the threshold voltage.
Field Electron Emission from Carbon Nanotube/ZnO Composite Films Prepared by Electrodeposition
Authors: Fujii Junki , Nobusawa Kazuyuki , Ikeda Atsushi , Yanagi Hisao , Yamamoto Aishi , Yoshida Tsukasa
Published: August 2013

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/ZnO composite films were fabricated by electrodeposition using water-soluble MWNTs prepared by a high-speed vibration milling (HSVM) technique. Raman scattering spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the MWNTs were incorporated into the ZnO films in different manners depending on the deposition temperature. Field emission (FE) of electrons from the MWNT/ZnO films was investigated with a conventional FE device and a side-electron emission device (SEED). The MWNTs embedded horizontally in the ZnO films exhibited superior FE characteristics with luminance beyond 4000 cd/m2 for the SEED.
High-Sensitivity High-Speed X-ray Fluorescence Scanning Cadmium Telluride Detector for Deep-Portion Cancer Diagnosis Utilizing Tungsten-Kα-Excited Gadolinium Mapping
Authors: Yanbe Yutaka , Sato Eiichi , Chiba Hiraku , Maeda Tomoko , Matsushita Ryo , Oda Yasuyuki , Hagiwara Osahiko , Matsukiyo Hiroshi , Osawa Akihiro , Enomoto Toshiyuki , Watanabe Manabu , Kusachi Shinya , Sato Shigehiro , Ogawa Akira
Published: August 2013

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is useful for mapping various atoms in objects. Bremsstrahlung X-rays with energies beyond tantalum (Ta) K-edge energy 67.4 keV are absorbed effectively using a 100-µm-thick Ta filter, and the filtered X-rays including tungsten (W) Kα rays are absorbed by gadolinium (Gd) atoms in objects. The Gd XRF is then produced from Gd atoms in the objects and is counted by a cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector. Gd Kα photons with a maximum count rate of 1 kilo counts per second are dispersed using a multichannel analyzer, and the number of photons is counted by a counter card. The distance between the CdTe detector and the object is minimized to 40 mm to increase the count rate. The object is scanned using an x–y stage with a velocity of 5.0 mm/s, and Gd mapping are shown on a computer monitor. The scan steps of the x- and y-axes were both 2.5 mm, and the photon-counting time per mapping point was 0.5 s. We obtained Gd XRF images at high contrast, and Gd Kα photons were easily detected from cancerous regions in a nude mouse placed behind a 20-mm-thick poly(methyl methacrylate) plate.
Adjustable Bistability and Hysteresis Loop in a Nd:GdVO4Laser with an Intracavity Liquid Crystal Cell
Authors: Chen Ting-Wei , Chang Ken-Chia , Hsu Che-Ju , Sheu Chia-Rong , Wei Ming-Dar
Published: August 2013

Adjustable optical bistability and spatial hysteresis appearing in a Nd:GdVO4laser with an intracavity liquid crystal (LC) cell were achieved. On the basis of optically induced LC reorientations and the varying magnitude of the order parameter, two types of LC were used to easily control the characteristics of hysteresis with a single control variable. Using an electrically driven twisted-nematic LC, an adjustable hysteresis area as well as a switching-on pump power was demonstrated and periodic spatiotemporal patterns were observed. By contrast, amplified hysteresis loops were obtained by increasing the rotation angle of homogeneous LC cells with a nearly invariable switching-on pump power.
Chemical Bonding in Composite SiNx/Diamond-Like Carbon Films Prepared by Filter Cathodic Arc Deposition of Graphite Incorporated with Radio Frequency Sputtering of Silicon Nitride
Authors: Bunnak Phuwanai , Gong Yongping , Limsuwan Supanee , Pokaipisit Artorn , Limsuwan Pichet
Published: August 2013

SiN
x
and diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were prepared simultaneously on Si substrates by the RF magnetron sputtering of a silicon nitride (Si3N4) target and the filtered cathodic arc (FCA) deposition of graphite, respectively. The RF power was fixed at 100 W, while the arc current of graphite for the FCA deposition was varied from 20 to 80 A. The structure of composite SiN
x
/DLC films was investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The chemical composition and chemical state of the films were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results revealed that the atomic concentration of carbon (C) increased, while those of silicon (Si) and nitrogen (N) decreased with increasing arc current. In addition, the sp3 content in the composite films was found to increase with the arc current. This result indicates that the structure and property of the composite films can be controlled according to their required applications by varying the arc current.
Simulation Analysis of the Characteristics of a High Magnification Imaging Optics for the Observation of Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography Mask to Predict Phase Defect Printability
Authors: Terasawa Tsuneo , Arisawa Yukiyasu , Amano Tsuyoshi , Yamane Takeshi , Watanabe Hidehiro , Toyoda Mitsunori , Harada Tetsuo , Kinoshita Hiroo
Published: August 2013

By employing simulation, we analyzed the characteristic of the optics of high-magnification multilayer-coated mirror employed for the examination of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) mask, and we also examined the performance of phase defect printability prediction. The imaging optics comprises Schwarzschild optics and a concave mirror; and it is modeled as an imaging means with an annular-shaped pupil. In this simulation, tilted coherent illumination that was successfully applied in an EUV microscope constructed at a beamline of the NewSUBARU, was assumed. Observation images of mask patterns affected by phase defects were simulated assuming EUVL masks representing half pitches of 16 and 11 nm generations; and those simulated results were compared with the simulated reduction-projection images on wafer formed by an exposure tool. Although the high-magnification observation optics does not completely emulate the printed pattern images on wafer it predicts the existence of phase defects and predict the value of their impacts.
Inference on the Production Mechanism of ZnO Thin Films from Activated Water and Dimethylzinc Molecules
Authors: Umemoto Hironobu , Ishikawa Takuma , Nishihara Yushin , Yasui Kanji , Nishiyama Hiroshi , Inoue Yasunobu , Kashiwagi Yusaku , Ushijima Mitsuru
Published: August 2013

The reaction of Zn(CH3)2and activated H2O produced in a reaction of H2and O2on a Pt catalyst and effused from a nozzle was examined both experimentally and theoretically. This reaction has been shown to be effective in the preparation of high-quality ZnO films. Laser-induced fluorescence measurements showed that radical species, such as H atoms and OH radicals, do not play major roles. The rotational temperature of H2O, measured with a coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering technique, was 250 K. This low rotational temperature suggests that H2O molecules must be accelerated along the beam axis and that the collisional energy between Zn(CH3)2and H2O is as high as 43 kJ mol-1. This energy is higher than the potential barrier to produce HOZnCH3+CH4, 38 kJ mol-1, obtained by ab initio calculations at the MP2/LANL2DZ level of theory. HOZnCH3thus produced can be the strongest candidate ZnO film precursor.
Compression Pressure Dependence of 1/f Resistance Fluctuation in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Akabane Hideo , Saito Hideyuki
Published: August 2013

Resistance and its fluctuation in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is measured using pressured powder samples. It is found that the 1/f resistance fluctuation increases exponentially with increasing compression pressure but the mean resistance is scarcely affected. Compression pressure changes the nonlinearity and phonon mode interaction in atomic vibration. These results proved that the origin of the 1/f resistance fluctuation in SWNTs is mainly the mobility fluctuation.
How to Scuttle a Scholarly Communication Initiative
Authors: Salo Dorothea
Published: August 2013

Since Clifford Lynch’s infamous call to arms (2003), academic libraries have been wasting their time trying to change the scholarly communication system on the feeblest of rationalizations. Proper librarians know that the current system is obviously the most sustainable, since it’s lasted this long and provided so much benefit to libraries (Rogers, 2012a) and profit to organizations as diverse as Elsevier, Nature Publishing Group, and the American Chemical Society, as well as their CEOs (Berrett, 2012). Moreover, faculty have proclaimed loudly and clearly that they believe libraries’ central role is to be the campus’s collective knowledge wallet (Schonfeld & Housewright, 2010; Lucky, 2012), so who are librarians to argue?
The Future of Scholarly Communication Deborah Shorley and Michael Jubb, editors
Authors: Schiff Lisa R
Published: August 2013

Stakeholders in today’s tumultuous scholarly communication world struggle constantly to make sense of that environment. Whether one is a researcher at any given stage of the investigatory process, a library leader determining strategic priorities, or a funder seeking to maximize the impact of an investment, the resources, policies, and even the expectations of colleagues and the broader community are constantly changing. In such an exciting but unruly context, where something just imagined today may very well transform our environment tomorrow, any effort to anticipate what the future may hold is of great interest.
Neurorehabilitation: Motor recovery after stroke as an example
Authors: Ganguly Karunesh , Byl Nancy N. , Abrams Gary M.
Published: August 2013

The field of neurorehabilitation aims to translate neuroscience research toward the goal of maximizing functional recovery after neurological injury. A growing body of research indicates that the fundamental principles of neurological rehabilitation are applicable to a broad range of congenital, degenerative, and acquired neurological disorders. In this perspective, we will focus on motor recovery after acquired brain injuries such as stroke. Over the past few decades, a large body of basic and clinical research has created an experimental and theoretical foundation for approaches to neurorehabilitation. Recent randomized clinical trials all emphasize the requirement for intense progressive rehabilitation programs to optimally enhance recovery. Moreover, advances in multimodal assessment of patients with neuroimaging and neurophysiological tools suggest the possibility of individualized treatment plans based on recovery potential. There are also promising indications for medical as well as noninvasive brain stimulation paradigms to facilitate recovery. Ongoing or planned clinical studies should provide more definitive evidence. We also highlight unmet needs and potential areas of research. Continued research built upon a robust experimental and theoretical foundation should help to develop novel treatments to improve recovery after neurological injury. Ann Neurol 2013;74:373–381
Importance and hurdles to drug discovery for neurological disease
Authors: Berger Joseph R. , Choi Dennis , Kaminski Henry J. , Gordon Mark F. , Hurko Orest , D'Cruz O'Neill , Pleasure Samuel J. , Feldman Eva L.
Published: August 2013

This is a critical time in neurotherapeutics. The prevalence of neurological disease, such as dementia, stroke, and peripheral neuropathy, is large and growing consequent to the aging population. The personal and societal impact of these disorders is enormous, and the number of novel therapies in the pipeline for these disorders has been contracting. Support for the development of neurotherapies must continue from the bench to their ultimate place at the bedside. Academic medicine must continue to play a critical role, in league with industry and government, in the development of novel neurotherapies desperately needed by an ever‐expanding population. Critical steps include the identification and adoption of reliable, valid, and reproducible biomarkers to serve as primary endpoints in clinical trials of neurological disease. Ann Neurol 2013;74:441–446
Optimal operation policy of multivessel batch distillation with constant total reflux operation for separation of a binary mixture
Authors: Zhao Shuo , Bai Peng , Tang Ke , Li Guangzhong
Published: August 2013

Unlike the past work, the optimal operation policy, which minimizes the total batch time is derived for multivessel batch distillation (MVBD) for separation of binary components under constant total reflux. In this article, both the distribution of vessels along the MVBD column and the holdup in each vessel are optimized to minimize the total batch time. Furthermore, the time consumption of the optimal operation policy is also compared with that of the regular constant reflux operation theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the novel operation mode has great advantages in time saving and easy operation by adopting the optimal operation policy. Thus, for a given separation task, MVBD column reveals significant potential for separation with higher efficiency. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supermolecular morphology of polypropylene filled with nanosized silica
Authors: Schlarb Alois K. , Suwitaningsih Dwi N. , Kopnarski Michael , Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon
Published: August 2013

The supermolecular morphology of injection‐molded SiO2/polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites was investigated via thin sections analyzed under polarized light and the systematic development of an appropriate etching technique, which allowed the study of the supermolecular morphologies with light microscopy (LM) and high‐resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). In parallel, information regarding the dispersion, distribution state, and morphology of SiO2 particles was investigated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the ion‐polished and fractured surfaces of SiO2‐filled PP. The TEM/SEM results demonstrated an almost homogeneous dispersion and distribution of SiO2 particle agglomerates in the PP matrix. With polarized transmitting LM, reflecting LM, and FESEM, the spherulitic structure of the nanocomposites could be visualized to obtain information on the nanoparticle influence on the crystallization and structural behavior. The size and size distribution of the spherulites analyzed with transmitting light (thin sections) and reflecting light (etched specimens) showed an excellent correlation. With increasing filler loading, the mean size of the spherulites decrease as did the degree of crystallinity. This was a clear indication that the particles acted as nucleation agents and, on the other hand, hindered the arrangement of the molecules during the crystallization. As a result, the particles were most likely located in three areas: the center of the spherulites, the areas between the highly crystalline branches, and the spherulite boundaries. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39655.
Synthesis of a New Series of Phosphonylated 1,2,3‐Triazoles as Acyclic Analogs of Ribavirin
Authors: Głowacka Iwona E. , Balzarini Jan , Wróblewski Andrzej E.
Published: August 2013

A novel series of phosphonylated 1,2,3‐triazoles as structural acyclic analogs of ribavirin, in which the 1,2,3‐triazole ring was substituted at C4′ with COOMe, CONH2, CONHOH, and CH2NHBoc groups, were synthesized from diethyl azidomethyl‐, 2‐azidoethyl‐, 3‐azidopropyl‐, 4‐azidobutyl‐, 2‐azido‐1‐hydroxyethyl‐, 3‐azido‐2‐hydroxypropyl‐, 2‐azidoethoxymethyl‐ and 2‐azidoethoxyethylphosphonate. The efficient synthesis of diethyl azidomethylphosphonate from diethyl 4‐nitrobenzenesulfonylmethylphosphonate employing the in situ formed azides is described. All synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory activity against a broad variety of RNA and DNA viruses. No antiviral activity was observed at 100 µM. Only compound 13g exhibited inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HeLa cells (IC50 = 169 ± 45 µM).
Core Cross‐Linked Micelle‐Based Nanoreactors for Efficient Photocatalysis
Authors: Zheng Min , Sun Zaicheng , Xie Zhigang , Jing Xiabin
Published: August 2013

Stable nanoscale cross‐linked polymer micelles containing Ru complexes (Ru‐CMs) were prepared from monomethoxy[poly(ethylene glycol)]‐block‐poly(L‐lysine) (MPEG‐PLys) and [(bpy)2Ru(fmbpy)](PF6)2 (bpy=bipyridine, fmbpy=5‐formy‐5′‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine). To stabilize the micelles, bifunctional glutaraldehyde was used as a cross‐linker to react with the free amino groups of the PLys block. After that, the Ru‐CMs showed very good stability in common solvents. The Ru‐CMs showed photocatalytic activity and selectivity in the oxidation of sulfides that were as high as those of the well‐known [Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2] complex, because the micelles were swollen in the methanol–sulfide mixture. Moreover, because of the nanoscale size of the particles and their high stability, the Ru‐CM photocatalysts can be readily recovered by ultrafiltration and reused without loss of photocatalytic activity. This work highlights the potential of using cross‐linked micelles as a platform for developing highly efficient heterogeneous photocatalysts for a number of important organic transformations.
President's page
Authors: Dillon Andrew
Published: August 2013

Editor's Summary

As the ASIS&T Board of Directors prepares for the annual planning retreat, critical issues face the organization. Despite the centrality of information in the digital age and the focus, mission and international scope of ASIS&T, the decline in membership numbers since 2000 raises concerns about the association's future and economic sustainability. To survive, professional associations face demands to streamline operations and justify services. The structure and processes of ASIS&T and its effectiveness at serving the professional community must be open to scrutiny. All members are encouraged to offer their thoughts on what works, what drives involvement and how to add value to reinforce ASIS&T's position as the primary association for information professionals.
Tracking citations and altmetrics for research data: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Konkiel Stacy
Published: August 2013

Editor's Summary

Methods for determining research quality have long been debated but with little lasting agreement on standards, leading to the emergence of alternative metrics. Altmetrics are a useful supplement to traditional citation metrics, reflecting a variety of measurement points that give different perspectives on how a dataset is used and by whom. A positive development is the integration of a number of research datasets into the ISI Data Citation Index, making datasets searchable and linking them to published articles. Yet access to data resources and tracking the resulting altmetrics depend on specific qualities of the datasets and the systems where they are archived. Though research on altmetrics use is growing, the lack of standardization across datasets and system architecture undermines its generalizability. Without some standards, stakeholders' adoption of altmetrics will be limited.
Cytotoxic ent‐Kaurane Diterpenoids from Isodon nervosus
Authors: Gao You‐Heng , Wei Zhi‐Xiong , Cheng Yi , Wang Teng‐Hua , Ni Lin , Zhou Xiao‐Hong , Zhang Li‐Yuan
Published: August 2013

Four new ent‐kaurane diterpenoids, rabdonervosins G–J (1–4, resp.), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Isodon nervosus. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐, 2D‐NMR and HR mass spectra. Compound 2 showed potent cytotoxicity against the HepG2 and PC‐9/ZD cell lines with IC50 values of 2.36 and 6.07 μM, respectively, and compound 3 exhibited cytotoxicity against the HepG2 and CNE2 cell lines with IC50 values of 8.64 and 9.77 μM, respectively.
Chemotaxonomic Significance of the Terpene Composition in Natural Populations of Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold from Serbia
Authors: Šarac Zorica , Bojović Srdjan , Nikolić Biljana , Tešević Vele , Ðorđević Iris , Marin Petar D.
Published: August 2013

The essential‐oil variability in seven native populations belonging to different infraspecific taxa of Pinus nigra (ssp. nigra, var. gocensis, ssp. pallasiana, and var. banatica) growing wild in Serbia was analyzed. In the needles of 195 trees from seven populations, 58 essential‐oil components were identified. The major components were α‐pinene (43.6%) and germacrene D (29.8%), comprising together 73.4% of the total oil composition. Based on the average chemical profile of the main terpene components (with contents >5%), the studied populations were found to be the most similar to populations from central Italy and Greece (ssp. nigra). Cluster analysis showed the division of the populations into three principal groups: the first group consisted of Populations I, II, III, IV, and V (considered as ssp. nigra group), the second of Population VI (ssp. pallasiana group), and the third of Population VII, which had the most distinct oil composition (ssp. banatica group). The taxonomic implications of the essential‐oil profiles of the investigated taxa of this very complex species are discussed.
Chemopreventive and Antioxidant Activity of the Chamazulene‐Rich Essential Oil Obtained from Artemisia arborescens L. Growing on the Isle of La Maddalena, Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Ornano Luigi , Venditti Alessandro , Ballero Mauro , Sanna Cinzia , Quassinti Luana , Bramucci Massimo , Lupidi Giulio , Papa Fabrizio , Vittori Sauro , Maggi Filippo , Bianco Armanodoriano
Published: August 2013

The essential oils of Artemisia arborescens growing in Sardinia (Italy), collected during three plant growth stages, i.e., from the vegetative stage to post‐blooming time, were characterized. Moreover, the in vitro antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of the oil isolated from aerial parts collected in February were evaluated. The essential oils belonged to the β‐thujone/chamazulene chemotype, notably with the highest amount of chamazulene (ca. 52%) ever detected up to now in the genus Artemisia and, in general, in essential oils. Quantitative variations in the oil composition were observed as the plant passes from the vegetative to the blooming stage. The oil was tested for its potential tumor cell growth‐inhibitory effect on T98G, MDA‐MB 435S, A375, and HCT116 human cell lines, using the MTT (=3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide) assay. The highest activity was observed on A375 and HCT116 cell lines, with IC50 values of 14 μg/ml. Moreover, the in vitro antioxidant and free radical‐scavenging assays revealed the oil to be an effective scavenger of the ABTS radical cation, with an activity comparable to that of Trolox®. These results support the use of A. arborescens oil for the treatment of inflamed skin conditions. Finally, the composition of the polar fraction of the A. arborescens aerial parts was also examined, and the main component detected was 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, which was identified for the first time in this plant.
The Heterogeneous Structural Behavior of E7 from HPV16 Revealed by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Calçada Eduardo O. , Felli Isabella C. , Hošek Tomáš , Pierattelli Roberta
Published: August 2013

The E7 protein from human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a key role in oncogenesis; for this reason, it is a target of great biomedical interest. To date, no high resolution information is available for the full protein. We present here the NMR characterization of the entire E7 from HPV16, one of the most oncogenic variants of the virus. The protein is very heterogeneous in terms of structural and dynamic properties with a highly flexible N‐terminal module and a more structured C terminus. This opens possibilities for studies of molecular‐level interactions and post‐translational modifications of the protein to unravel functional details that might be linked to its highly oncogenic potential.
Photochemical Control of DNA Structure through Radical Disproportionation
Authors: San Pedro Joanna Maria N. , Greenberg Marc M.
Published: August 2013

Photolysis of an aryl sulfide‐containing 5,6‐dihydropyrimidine (1) at 350 nm produces high yields of thymidine and products resulting from trapping of a 5,6‐dihydrothymidin‐5‐yl radical by O2 or thiols. Thymidine is believed to result from disproportionation of the radical pair originally generated from CS bond homolysis of 1 on the microsecond timescale, which is significantly shorter than other photochemical transformations of modified nucleotides into their native forms. Duplex DNA containing 1 is destabilized, presumably due to disruption of π‐stacking. Incorporation of 1 within the binding site of the restriction endonuclease EcoRV provides a photochemical switch for turning on the enzyme's activity. In contrast, 1 is a substrate for endonuclease VIII and serves as a photochemical off switch for this base excision repair enzyme. Modification 1 also modulates the activity of the 10–23 DNAzyme, despite its incorporation into a nonduplex region. Overall, dihydropyrimidine 1 shows promise as a tool to provide spatiotemporal control over DNA structure on the miscrosecond timescale.
Optimizing Nanoscale TiO2 for Adsorption‐Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Low‐Concentration Air Pollutants
Authors: Lyu Jinze , Zhu Lizhong , Burda Clemens
Published: August 2013

Adsorption and photodegradation are key steps in environmental air purification. Micropores have been introduced into anatase TiO2 nanocatalysts to enhance the adsorption of pollutant molecules onto the photocatalyst surface, which increases the use of the photoinduced electron–hole pairs. Three nanocomposites have been synthesized with dodecylamine as a pore‐forming agent under mild hydrothermal conditions and at varying temperature of preparation. Samples synthesized at 100, 115, and 130 °C, labeled TiO2‐100, TiO2‐115, and TiO2‐130, respectively, provided insights into the effect of crystallinity and micropore area on the removal efficiency of gas‐phase organic pollutants. Of the three, TiO2‐100 had the largest micropore area (493 m2 g−1) but amorphous phase. TiO2‐130 had anatase phase but only mesopores, whereas TiO2‐115 had both a relatively large micropore area (258 m2 g−1) and an anatase crystal structure. Toluene was chosen as a model air pollutant. Experiments were performed in a single‐pass reactor in the presence of UV irradiation under various experimental conditions, such as varying partial pressures of toluene, contact times, and relative humidities of the mobile gas phase, to approximate realistic conditions for this air purification system. Of the three prototype catalysts, TiO2‐115 showed the highest removal and mineralization efficiencies owing to the optimized availability of photogenerated holes and adsorbed toluene. The key parameters for optimized photocatalysis of low‐concentration air pollutants are the micropore area and the crystallinity of the photocatalyst.
EthylenedithioTetrathiafulvaleneHelicenes: Electroactive Helical Precursors with Switchable Chiroptical Properties
Authors: Biet Thomas , Fihey Arnaud , Cauchy Thomas , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Roussel Christian , Crassous Jeanne , Avarvari Narcis
Published: August 2013

Electroactive fused ethylenedithiotetrathiafulvalene[4]helicene and ‐[6]helicenes have been synthesized through a strategy that involved the preparation of 2,3‐dibromo‐helicene derivatives as intermediates. The dihedral angles between the terminal helicenes, as determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis, are 22.7° and 50.7° for the [4]helicene and [6]helicene, respectively. Their solid‐state architectures show interplay between S⋅⋅⋅S and π⋅⋅⋅π intermolecular interactions. The chiroptical properties of the enantiopure EDTTTF[6]helicene derivatives have been investigated and supported by TDDFT calculations. Remarkable redox switching of the circular dichroism (CD) signal between the neutral and radical‐cation species has been achieved.
Tunable Self‐Assembly of Triazole‐Linked Porphyrin–Polymer Conjugates
Authors: Roberts Derrick A. , Schmidt Timothy W. , Crossley Maxwell J. , Perrier Sébastien
Published: August 2013

The convergence of supramolecular chemistry and polymer science offers many powerful approaches for building functional nanostructures with well‐defined dynamic behaviour. Herein we report the efficient “click” synthesis and self‐assembly of AB2‐ and AB4‐type multitopic porphyrin–polymer conjugates (PPCs). PPCs were prepared using the copper(I)‐catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, and consisted of linear polystyrene, poly(butyl acrylate), or poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) arms attached to a zinc(II) porphyrin core via triazole linkages. We exploit the presence of the triazole groups obtained from CuAAC coupling to direct the self‐assembly of the PPCs into short oligomers (2–6 units in length) via intermolecular porphyrinatozinc–triazole coordination. By altering the length and grafting density of the polymer arms, we demonstrate that the association constant of the porphyrinatozinc–triazole complex can be systematically tuned over two orders of magnitude. Self‐assembly of the PPCs also resulted in a 6 K increase in the glass transition temperature of the bulk material compared to a non‐assembling PPC. The modular synthesis and tunable self‐assembly of the triazole‐linked PPCs thus represents a powerful supramolecular platform for building functional nanostructured materials.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 7,8,9‐Trideoxy‐ and 7R DesTHP‐Peloruside A
Authors: Wullschleger Christoph W. , Gertsch Jürg , Altmann Karl‐Heinz
Published: August 2013

The stereoselective syntheses of 7,8,9‐trideoxypeloruside A (4) and a monocyclic peloruside A analogue lacking the entire tetrahydropyran moiety (3) are described. The syntheses proceeded through the PMB‐ether of an ω‐hydroxy β‐keto aldehyde as a common intermediate which was elaborated into a pair of diastereomeric 1,3‐syn and ‐anti diols by stereoselective Duthaler–Hafner allylations and subsequent 1,3‐syn or anti reduction. One of these isomers was further converted into a tetrahydropyran derivative in a high‐yielding Prins reaction, to provide the precursor for bicyclic analogue 4. Downstream steps for both syntheses included the substrate‐controlled addition of a vinyl lithium intermediate to an aldehyde, thus connecting the peloruside side chain to C15 (C13) of the macrocyclic core structure in a fully stereoselective fashion. In the case of monocyclic 3 macrocyclization was based on ring‐closing olefin metathesis (RCM), while bicyclic 4 was cyclized through Yamaguchi‐type macrolactonization. The macrolactonization step was surprisingly difficult and was accompanied by extensive cyclic dimer formation. Peloruside A analogues 3 and 4 inhibited the proliferation of human cancer cell lines in vitro with micromolar and sub‐micromolar IC50 values, respectively. The higher potency of 4 highlights the importance of the bicyclic core structure of peloruside A for nM biological activity.
Synthesis of Zwitterionic Cobaltocenium Borate and Borata‐alkene Derivatives from a Borole‐Radical Anion
Authors: Bauer Jürgen , Braunschweig Holger , Hörl Christian , Radacki Krzysztof , Wahler Johannes
Published: August 2013

Chemical single‐electron reduction of 1‐mesityl‐2,3,4,5‐tetraphenylborole (3) gave a stable radical anion [CoCp*2][3] as shown in earlier investigations. Herein, we present the reaction of [CoCp*2][3] with the 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl radical (TEMPO), a common radical trap. Instead of radical recombination, the reaction proceeds through a redox pathway involving oxidation of the borole radical anion combined with reduction of TEMPO. This electron‐transfer process is accompanied by a deprotonation reaction of the cobaltocenium counterion by the base TEMPO− to give TEMPO‐H and a neutral cobalt(I) fulvene complex (7). The latter was not observed directly during the reaction, because it instantaneously reacts as a nucleophile attacking at the boron center of the in situ generated borole 3 to give the borate 6. However, 7 was synthesized independently by deprotonation of [CoCp*2][PF6]. In addition, the obtained zwitterionic cobaltocenium borate 6 undergoes a photolytic rearrangement to form the borata‐alkene derivative 9 that thermally transforms to the chiral cobaltocenium borate 12. Our investigations are based on spectroscopic evidence, X‐ray crystallography, elemental analysis, as well as DFT calculations.
Blocking the Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor (PPAR): An Overview
Authors: Ammazzalorso Alessandra , De Filippis Barbara , Giampietro Letizia , Amoroso Rosa
Published: August 2013

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) have been studied extensively over the last few decades and have been assessed as molecular targets for the development of drugs against metabolic disorders. A rapid increase in understanding of the physiology and pharmacology of these receptors has occurred, together with the identification of novel chemical structures that are able to activate the various PPAR subtypes. More recent evidence suggests that moderate activation of these receptors could be favorable in pathological situations due to a decrease in the side effects brought about by PPAR agonists. PPAR partial agonists and antagonists are interesting tools that are currently used to better elucidate the biological processes modulated by this family of nuclear receptors. Herein we present an overview of the various molecular structures that are able to block each of the PPAR subtypes, with a focus on promising therapeutic applications.
Performance of a novel NMR apparatus with a solenoidal tape‐shaped antenna and a split‐type superconducting magnet
Authors: Wakuda Tsuyoshi , Park Minseok , Kawasaki Kenji , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Fukuda Yuzo , Okada Michiya , Kitaguchi Hitoshi
Published: August 2013

Since 2003, the authors have been developing a new configuration NMR that consists of a solenoid‐type antenna and a split‐type superconducting magnet to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). The SNR (standard 0.1% ethylbenzene) of the system reached 9,850 in 2009. Refinement of the radiofrequency components, which include an antenna coil, a low‐temperature preamplifier, and a signal switch, led to a reduction in the system noise. In this study, the line shape of the spectrum was improved by reducing the residual magnetization of the antenna coil using a low‐magnetic sheet laminated with a tungsten sheet and a copper sheet. The measured SNR showed a good agreement with the predicted value, and the result shows the validity of this approach to improve the SNR based on the theoretical prediction. In this article, the outline and the performance of the NMR system are reported. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 43B: 79‐89, 2013
Impact of carbon ion radiotherapy for primary spinal sarcoma
Authors: Matsumoto Keiji , Imai Reiko , Kamada Tadashi , Maruyama Katsuya , Tsuji Hiroshi , Tsujii Hirohiko , Shioyama Yoshiyuki , Honda Hiroshi , Isu Kazuo ,   the Working Group for Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND

Spinal sarcomas have been one of the most challenging diseases for orthopedic surgeons. The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) treatment results for spinal sarcoma.

METHODS

Forty‐seven patients with 48 medically unresectable spinal sarcomas, excluding sacral tumors, received treatment with CIRT between 1996 and 2011. All patients were enrolled in phase 1/2 and phase 2 clinical trials of CIRT for bone and soft tissue sarcoma. The applied dose ranged from 52.8 gray equivalents (GyE) to 70.4 GyE (median, 64.0 GyE) in 16 fixed fractions over 4 weeks.

RESULTS

The median patient age was 54 years, and the cohort included 24 men and 23 women. Thirty‐five patients were without prior treatment, and 12 patients had locally recurrent tumors after previous resection. The median follow‐up was 25 months, and the median survival was 44 months (range, 5.2‐148 months). The 5‐year local control, overall survival, and progression free rates were 79%, 52%, and 48%, respectively. None of the 15 patients who had tumors measuring <100 cm3 had a local recurrence. No fatal toxicities occurred during follow‐up. One patient each had a grade 3 late skin reaction and a grade 4 late skin reaction. Vertebral body compression was observed in 7 patients. One patient had a grade 3 late spinal cord reaction. Twenty‐two of the surviving 28 patients who had primary tumors remained ambulatory without supportive devices.

CONCLUSIONS

CIRT appears to be both effective and safe for the treatment of patients with unresectable spinal sarcoma. Cancer 2013;119:3496–3503.. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Comparative mapping of GABA‐immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous systems of nudibranch molluscs
Authors: Gunaratne Charuni A. , Sakurai Akira , Katz Paul S.
Published: August 2013

The relative simplicity of certain invertebrate nervous systems, such as those of gastropod molluscs, allows behaviors to be dissected at the level of small neural circuits composed of individually identifiable neurons. Elucidating the neurotransmitter phenotype of neurons in neural circuits is important for understanding how those neural circuits function. In this study, we examined the distribution of γ‐aminobutyric‐acid;‐immunoreactive (GABA‐ir) neurons in four species of sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia): Tritonia diomedea, Melibe leonina, Dendronotus iris, and Hermissenda crassicornis. We found consistent patterns of GABA immunoreactivity in the pedal and cerebral‐pleural ganglia across species. In particular, there were bilateral clusters in the lateral and medial regions of the dorsal surface of the cerebral ganglia as well as a cluster on the ventral surface of the pedal ganglia. There were also individual GABA‐ir neurons that were recognizable across species. The invariant presence of these individual neurons and clusters suggests that they are homologous, although there were interspecies differences in the numbers of neurons in the clusters. The GABAergic system was largely restricted to the central nervous system, with the majority of axons confined to ganglionic connectives and commissures, suggesting a central, integrative role for GABA. GABA was a candidate inhibitory neurotransmitter for neurons in central pattern generator (CPG) circuits underlying swimming behaviors in these species, however none of the known swim CPG neurons were GABA‐ir. Although the functions of these GABA‐ir neurons are not known, it is clear that their presence has been strongly conserved across nudibranchs. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:794–810, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.