bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toripalimab in combination with chemotherapy effectively suppresses local recurrence and metastatic sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Gao Ming-Zhu , Wang Nian-Fei , Wang Jin-You , Ma Li , Yang Yu-Cai
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare variant of renal cell carcinoma associated with an unfavorable prognosis. The efficacy of conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapies are limited, whereas the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitor has introduced new avenues for managing advanced SRCC.

CASE SUMMARY

A 77-year-old female patient was referred to our hospital following the incidental detection of a right kidney tumor without specific symptoms. The tumor was successfully resected, and subsequent pathological examination confirmed SRCC. She experienced both local recurrence and distant metastasis eight months after the initial laparoscopic resection. Following six cycles of toripalimab combined with pirarubicin chemotherapy, the patient achieved a partial response. Subsequently, the patient attained an almost-complete continuous response to toripalimab monotherapy maintenance for an additional six cycles. She has not experienced disease progression for 15 months, and her overall survival has reached 24 months thus far.

CONCLUSION

Combination therapy with programmed death 1 antibodies and cytotoxic agents may be a recommended first-line treatment approach for SRCC.
Comprehensive Study of Energy-Saving Strategies Through Combined Throttling
Authors: Jimenez Christian Reese , Reinertz Olivier , Schmitz Katharina
Published: August 2024

In the field of pneumatic automation, downstream throttled pneumatic drives are widely adopted for motion tasks, valued for their cost-effectiveness, durability, and high-power density. However, this switching scheme is often regarded as being inefficient. Consequently, many researchers have focused on developing more efficient control strategies. In this paper a novel combined throttling scheme aimed at reducing air consumption is investigated. The paper offers a comprehensive overview of the design methodology and simulative analysis. A subsequent prototypical realization demonstrates the feasibility and function of the novel system with two distinct shut-off variants. In this way, the theoretical design methodology was validated by experimental results. The presented compressed air savings are adjusted to changes in cycle time, providing an objective evaluation in comparison to state-of-the-art system. The findings show a significant reduction in normalized air consumption with the novel circuit for selected load cases. The main characteristics and potential of the combined throttling approach are highlighted, thus facilitating the assessment of its viability in practical applications through a deeper understanding of the system.
Comprehensive Application-Based Analysis of Energy-Saving Measures in Pneumatics
Authors: Boyko Vladimir , Nazarov Fedor , Gauchel Wolfgang , Neumann Rüdiger , Doll Matthias , Weber Jürgen
Published: August 2024

The current economic and ecological situation emphasizes the importance of energy efficiency for the industry. Widely applied pneumatic systems are particularly affected by this issue because of their comparatively high energy consumption. To increase the efficiency of pneumatics, numerous energy-saving components and circuits have been developed over the last decades. However, the applicability of these measures for different load cases, their impact on the drive performance, and real economic benefit often remain unclear for the end-user. In this paper, the applicability of the energy-saving measures for typical load cases was analysed on example of two pneumatic cylinders (32 and 50 mm bore) based on their technical performance, energy consumption, and costs. The evidence brought by this experimentally verified research can help one to make a correct decision about configuration of a new pneumatic drive or retrofitting an existing system regarding the costs, efficiency, and application specifics. All studied energy-saving measures were compared to a well-sized meter-out controlled reference drive. It is shown that considerable energy savings without performance loss of a well-sized cylinder are achievable only by means of sophisticated cylinder control. In contrast, simple non-electronic components are mostly convenient only for the retrofitting of an oversized cylinder.
Resonance and Design Constraints in Nacelle-to-Ground Hydrostatic Transmission Concept for Wind Turbines
Authors: Raduenz Henrique , Baldo Gabriel Linhares , Negri Victor Juliano De
Published: August 2024

This paper presents design principles for the nacelle-to-ground hydrostatic transmission concept for wind turbines including the analysis of resonance originating from the turbine tower. The design has the pump at the top inside the nacelle and the hydraulic motor at ground level driving the generator that is directly connected to the grid. It has no frequency converter. Resonance can originate from the excitation of the natural frequency of the hydrostatic transmission due to the rotor tower shadow effect. The low natural frequency is a consequence of the large rotor mass moment of inertia and high volume of the pressure lines. Through a non-linear model validated by a prototype, it is shown that the nacelle-to-ground hydrostatic transmission concept can supply electricity to the grid with a frequency error that adheres to regulatory limits. Furthermore, using a simplified model, a procedure is proposed to determine the natural frequency and compare with excitation frequencies. It is shown that resonance does not occur in the region of power delivery to the grid for a meaningful range of mid-size wind turbines. In the case of turbines with a capacity of over 600 kW, the resonance may be present during the power delivery to the grid, which might impose a limit maximum power to this concept. However, other design constraints, such as excessive load loss, pressure surges and availability of hydraulic components, can reduce this maximum power limit. A prototype was built with only off-the-shelf components and served, as shown in this paper, as a proof of concept.
Degradation Identification of an EHA Piston Pump by Analysis of Load-Holding States
Authors: Duensing Yannick , Merkel Amos , Schmitz Katharina
Published: August 2024

To achieve the goal of more electric aircrafts current research investigates the frontline capabilities of electro-hydrostatic actuators (EHA) as substitution for conventional hydraulic flight control systems. Due to durability limitations, EHAs are to date only utilized as backup. In this paper the design of EHAs and the impact of the challenging working condition on the health status are presented. A longevity test bench, as well as developed test profile to cover real world operation are explained. Lastly, measurements of load-holding modes are analyzed in detail and insight about run-ins, temperature dependencies and wear-related efficiency losses are gained.
Introduction: Fetishized Children and Racialized Adults in Contemporary Representations of Adoption
Authors: Mckee Kimberly D.
Published: August 2024

abstract: This special issue attends to the significance of middlebrow culture in shaping societal perceptions of transnational and/or transracial adoptions. The contributing authors demonstrate how paying attention to the adoptee lifecycle from childhood to adulthood exposes the capaciousness of belonging to the family and nation.
Transracially Adopted Korean Children in Youth Literature
Authors: Dahlen Sarah Park
Published: August 2024

abstract: In this article, Asian Critical Theory, Critical Adoption Studies, and the Asian/Pacific American Librarian Association (APALA) Evaluation Rubric are applied to examine how children's books portray the racialization of Korean adoptees. The article begins with an overview of representations of adopted Koreans in American youth literature from 1955 to the present and follows with a deeper look at recurring themes: racialization; birth versus adoptive country; grateful adoptee versus adoptee killjoy; adoptee community and futurity; and presence/absence of adoptee voices. It concludes by analyzing how three recent Korean adoptee-authored graphic novels make plain what Kimberly D. McKee calls the transnational adoption industrial complex, and therefore depart from the collective messaging promoted in the youth literature published in the earlier decades.
What Innocence Remains, and: Love Poem No. 13
Authors: Jenkins Raphael
Published: August 2024

Abstract: To be a person of color living in the U.S. is to be a person living in a fraught relationship. This poem is something of a "Dear, John" letter. Hindsight is 20/20.
The Planetarium, and: Against the New Era, and: Hummingbird Moth
Authors: Compo Lisa
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This poem centers around my childhood home in the desert while also exploring the existence of wonder alongside trauma in childhood. This poem reckons with what is ephemeral and is an elegy to that which is named fleeting and what gets to live on in the contemporary world. This poem explores how childhood trauma and generational trauma coincide, and what it means to survive it.
Bang, and: Instead of a Gun, and: Against Stillness, and: Super Mario Bros
Authors: Knorr Alyse
Published: August 2024

Abstract: These poems examine the emotional and spiritual impacts of gun violence as well as more generalized existential grief.
Among Men
Authors: Rea Amanda
Published: August 2024

Abstract: A restless man moves to a remote corner of Colorado, where he develops a romantic attachment to a child. His obsession blinds him to other dangers lurking nearby, particularly a local shepherd with his own reasons for vengeance.
On Pamela's Hill We Saw a Deer
Authors: Pickett Isa
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The speaker of this poem reflects upon death, inner turmoil, and their hometown while on a walk down Pamela's Hill. The speaker reflects on the creek they are crossing as well as a deer they see. The imagine eating the bridge and what might happen should a group of teens arrive after a spring formal.
A Thursday Afternoon in January While on Sabbatical, and: Whaler
Authors: Santalucia Nicole
Published: August 2024

Abstract: "Whaler": is a queer love poem and an origin story for lesbian desire. The declaration the speaker makes for the love she has for her wife is rooted in the natural world. The whales and sea and astronomy that guide this queer love is unattainable yet hunted by man. "A Thursday Afternoon in January While on Sabbatical": is a narrative poem that tampers with memory as the speaker traces drug addiction in her and her family. While on a sabbatical the speaker's brother has a major surgery and the past floods into the present moment of his suffering and her recovery. Even when in recovery from addiction, there's no escaping it—the disease is always present in the speaker's life.
I Wake in the Morning to Find that I Have Received Everything I Have Ever Wanted, and: I'm Sorry I'm Running Late I'll Be There in a Few Minutes
Authors: Tomas Nora Rose
Published: August 2024

Abstract: "I WAKE IN THE MORNING TO FIND THAT I HAVE RECEIVED EVERYTHING I HAVE EVER WANTED" is a poem grappling with desire, religion, and womanhood. "I'M SORRY I'M RUNNING LATE I'LL BE THERE IN A FEW MINUTES" is a poem about wishing there was meaning in pain and randomness.
Spodomancy, and: Paralysis, and: Remarkable Recovery
Authors: Dubrow Jehanne
Published: August 2024

Abstract: In "Spodomancy," a speaker contemplates the natural world and struggles with feelings that something bad is about to happen. In "Paralysis," a speaker reflects on her mother's spinal tumor and resulting surgery. She argues that her mother was able to keep secret about her own pain because of a previous traumatic experience. In "Remarkable Recovery," a speaker describes her mother's recovery from a dangerous surgery. She recognizes that her mother's contact with death has changed her
Clamming, and: Maysville, NC
Authors: Kennedy Mickie
Published: August 2024

Abstract: A child grows up in rural Maysville, North Carolina, where he is fed by neighbors and who later works the fields, baling hay where he encounters a trapped snake. Coming of age poem about a boy who works in his grandfather's clam shop, and who digs out clams from the mud around the grandfather's pier.
Picnic in the Quantum Grove, and: Empty Every Night , David Becker, 1998, Oil on Canvas
Authors: Orosz Carolyn
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The poem responds to the painting Empty Every Night by David H Becker and explores the relationship between the human body and the passage of time. The poem explores flashbacks to childhood moments of unfulfilled longing and desire. The speaker is pulled back to the present moment when they observe an osprey who hunts for food and settles for consuming trash
Elephant "Murder": "Lessons on Humanity and Benevolence"
Authors: Eacott Jonathan
Published: August 2024

Abstract: In early-nineteenth-century America and Britain, authors crafted sensational, emotional, and widely popular narratives around the so-called murders of several show elephants. Using these narratives this article explores the interconnected development of Anglo-American understandings of elephants and animals, the usage of the term murder , moral codes about animal killing, and the relationships between these moral codes and laws and national identity. It applies approaches from animal studies, literary studies, anthropology, and the histories of law, empire, emotion, morality, and nationalism. Writers that focused on elephants as more human-like than other nonhuman animals, on elephant killers as moral deviants, and on elephants as sympathetic figures, encouraged Americans, and to a lesser extent Britons, to see other violence and killing in imperial and national expansion as morally acceptable. Writers normalized a distinction between so-called rational killing for food, economics, or settler colonialism that should not generate sympathy, and elephant killings that should be mourned to prove national sensibility and morality. Because the law seemed inadequate to respond to elephant killings, authors also argued that the people must create justice through their own emotional responses. The article provides an example for tracking how people focused attention on otherwise low-stakes moral transgressions to develop belief in their collective national virtue.
Undercounting Indigenous Students: Causes and Implications
Authors: Parra Marcela , Jesse Dan
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The undercounting of Indigenous Peoples has been an issue for many decades. This is pronounced in schools and exacerbated by recent changes in the U.S. Census Bureau policies and in how the U.S. Department of Education (USDE) enumerates students. The USDE has the responsibility of collecting and reporting data pertaining to Indigenous students that is accurate and reflective of social and educational conditions. Data from the 2020 Census indicate that more accurate counting of the Indigenous population is possible, but more work needs to be done. Undercounting is explored in depth, and what was learned is described in detail. Perspectives from Indigenous community leaders, state education agencies, local districts, and schools are included. Policy recommendations, couched in Tribal Critical Race Theory terms that address persistent undercounting, are presented. Implications for Tribal consultations and data sovereignty in K-12 Indigenous student identification are discussed.
Alaska–Aotearoa Student Conversations on Indigenous Knowledges and Science for Environmental Concerns
Authors: Davis Nayte Ngāurupa Fyson , Mercier Ocean Ripeka , Leonard Beth Ginondidoy
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Online learning has become a necessity of late, but for many years, two of the coauthors have exploited the possibilities of videoconferencing and online exchange to connect Indigenous students in Alaska, the United States, and Aotearoa/New Zealand. These new possibilities have enabled many fruitful interactions from multi-site sharing about Indigenous knowledges. This contribution discusses the outcomes of the 2021 virtual university student exchange between Alaska and Aotearoa. An emerging discussion of recent years reflects the urgent concerns of tertiary learners about planet Earth, and in these online exchanges they have increasingly been asking how Indigenous knowings and science can address environmental issues. Student responses focused on the importance of decolonizing groundwork in relation to Western science before Indigenous knowledge can be allowed to flourish and take charge. The lead author was a student in the 2021 Aotearoa course, and this report gives a fresh, learner-focused perspective on the online international exchange that we have now run for 15 years.
Generation of 8-fs and 13-nJ pulse from a Yb-fiber system with nonlinear-pulse-compression
Authors: Xia Tong , Zhao He , Zhu Shuyuan , Cao Siyuan , Chen Yuhao , Zhang Penglei , Zhang Qian , Wang Pu
Published: August 2024

In this study, we demonstrated a few-cycle pulse generation system delivering an 8-fs and 13-nJ pulse. The oscillator of this system is a mode-locked fiber laser based on a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM), which is injected into the gain management nonlinear (GMN) amplifier after pre-chirp management by a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) and a passive fiber. Subsequently, a hollow-core photonic bandgap (HC-PBG) fiber is employed to compensate for the dispersion, achieving a pulse duration of 49.8 fs with a pulse energy of 51.8 nJ. Finally, we integrate an ultra-high numerical aperture (UHNA) fiber at the end of the HC-PBG fiber for nonlinear spectral broadening. The resulting spectral range spans from 800 to 1400 nm. Dispersion compensation is achieved using the prism-pair, resulting in a further compression of the pulse duration to 8.2 fs, with a pulse energy of 13.1 nJ and a peak power of 1.59 MW. With an overall system footprint of <0.1 m2 and a total volume of <0.005 m3, this few-cycle pulse generation system delivers ultra-short pulses with high peak power while maintaining compactness and stability, making it attractive for many applications.
Ultra-high sensitivity photonic crystal fiber sensor based on dispersion turning point sensitization of surface plasmonic polariton modes for low RI liquid detection
Authors: Wang Jianxin , Lu Xili , Mi Chao , Yin Qianqian , Lv Jingwei , Yang Lin , Liu Wei , Yi Zao , Liu Qiang , Chu Paul K. , Liu Chao
Published: August 2024

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor composed of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is designed for the detection of low-concentration liquids. The excellent sensing properties are attributed to the sensitivity enhancement at the dispersion turning point (DTP) of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes. The sensor consists of two identical and structurally simple D-shaped PCFs together with a plasmonic thin film coated on the polished surface in direct contact with the analyte. Changes in the refractive index (RI) result in the splitting of the degenerate plasma peaks, thus allowing the monitoring of the analyte concentration variations by measuring the peak separation. In the RI range between 1.328 RIU and 1.33 RIU, the sensor exhibits an ultra-high sensitivity of 129,800 nm/RIU, which is 37.22 times higher than that of the unsensitized single D-shaped structure. Compared to fiber grating sensors operating in the vicinity of the cladding mode DTP, the spliced dual D-shaped PCF still has a predictably high mechanical strength. In addition, the RI detection range of the sensor can be changed by adjusting the slit width. The average sensitivities are 4.38 nm/g·L-1 in the sodium chloride concentration range of 0 g/L to 100 g/L and 20.85 nm/g·L-1 in the hemoglobin concentration range of 0 g/L to 20 g/L. Our results reveal that this SPR sensor based on PCFs has large potential in a variety of applications, especially biochemistry, due to its exceptional sensitivity, structural simplicity, and adjustable detection range.
InP-based quantum-dot-on-chip LEDs: excitation with violet or blue light?
Authors: Karadza Bega , Avermaet Hannes Van , Schiettecatte Pieter , Giordano Luca , Hens Zeger , Meuret Youri
Published: August 2024

The external quantum efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting in the spectral range from 510 to 600 nm is much smaller than blue- or red-emitting LEDs. The current strategy to overcome this so-called green gap is the color conversion of the emitted light by an efficient violet or blue III-nitride-based LED. Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates thanks to their narrow, size-tunable emission spectrum. Single-color QD-on-chip LEDs consisting of a blue pump LED with either green-, amber- or red-emitting QDs have already been reported. In this paper, the question is investigated whether a shorter excitation wavelength, i.e. violet light, offers an interesting alternative to a blue pump LED. After describing the main determining factors for the overall LED efficiency, the paper focuses on the color conversion efficiency, and whether excitation with violet instead of blue decreases re-absorption losses significantly. The performance of green-emitting InP/Zn(Se,S)/ZnS QD-LEDs with either a violet (408 nm) or blue (445 nm) LED is experimentally compared; resulting in a slightly higher color conversion efficiency for the violet-pumped QD-LEDs. The impact of the photoluminescence quantum yield of the QDs, the pump absorbance, and resulting color saturation, on the color conversion efficiency, was further investigated with ray-tracing simulations of green- and amber-emitting QD-LEDs with a violet or blue pump LED. Our findings emphasize the role of the excitation wavelength in optimizing the performance of QD-on-chip LEDs and serve as an important guideline for deciding which pump LED to use.
Predicting mode-locked fiber laser output using a feed-forward neural network
Authors: Liu Xinyang , Gumenyuk Regina
Published: August 2024

With a great ability to solve regression problems, the artificial neural network has become a powerful tool for advancing ultrafast laser research. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of a feed-forward neural network (FNN) to predict the output parameters of a mode-locked fiber laser, which mutually depend on multiple intracavity parameters, with high speed and accuracy. A direct mapping between cavity parameters and laser output is realized through the FNN-trained models, bypassing tedious iterative numerical simulation as a common approach to get a converged solution for a laser cavity. We show that the laser output spectrum and temporal pulse profiles can be accurately predicted with the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of less than 0.04 within only a 5 ms time frame for scenarios inside and outside the training data. We investigate the influence of FNN configuration on prediction performance. Both gain and spectral filter parameters are explored to test the prediction capability of the trained FNN models at high speed. Straightforward and fast prediction of the laser output performance from varying laser intracavity parameters paves the way to intelligent short-pulsed lasers with inversed design or autonomous operation maintenance.
Stereo Hard X-ray Ptychography
Authors: Röper Sina , Hussak Sarah-Alexandra , Stachnik Karolina , Koziej Dorota , Åstrand Mattias , Vogt Ulrich , Carus Caterina , Hagemann Johannes , Seyrich Martin , Schroer Christian , Schropp Andreas
Published: August 2024

Hard X-ray ptychography has strongly developed during the last decade enabling one to visualize structural properties of materials at high spatial resolution. By combining it with multi-slicing or tomographic techniques also optically thick samples can be investigated in 3D. Although the depth resolution in multi-slicing is often limited to several micrometers by the ptychographic optical system, a full laminographic or tomographic investigation may be hindered by experimental constraints of limited space or acquisition time. Here, we introduce a stereoscopic imaging system using two inclined nanofocused X-ray beams to illuminate a sample at varying angles at the same time. Similar to human vision, adding these stereoscopic views results in considerably improved in-depth resolution beyond the current limits of pure 2D imaging systems. This is especially promising for experimental applications requiring bulky sample environments.
Estimation of population age structure, daily survival rates, and potential to support dengue virus transmission for Florida Keys Aedes aegypti via transcriptional profiling
Authors: Pruszynski Catherine A. , Buckner Eva A. , Burkett-Cadena Nathan D. , Hugo Leon E. , Leal Andrea L. , Caragata Eric P.
Published: August 2024

Aedes aegypti is an important vector of dengue virus and other arboviruses that affect human health. After being ingested in an infectious bloodmeal, but before being transmitted from mosquito to human, dengue virus must disseminate from the vector midgut into the hemocoel and then the salivary glands. This process, the extrinsic incubation period, typically takes 6–14 days. Since older mosquitoes are responsible for transmission, understanding the age structure of vector populations is important. Transcriptional profiling can facilitate predictions of the age structures of mosquito populations, critical for estimating their potential for pathogen transmission. In this study, we utilized a two-gene transcript model to assess the age structure and daily survival rates of three populations (Key West, Marathon, and Key Largo) of Ae. aegypti from the Florida Keys, United States, where repeated outbreaks of autochthonous dengue transmission have recently occurred. We found that Key Largo had the youngest Ae. aegypti population with the lowest daily survival rate, while Key West had the oldest population and highest survival rate. Across sites, 22.67% of Ae. aegypti females were likely old enough to transmit dengue virus (at least 15 days post emergence). Computed estimates of the daily survival rate (0.8364 using loglinear and 0.8660 using non-linear regression), indicate that dengue vectors in the region experienced relatively low daily mortality. Collectively, our data suggest that Ae. aegypti populations across the Florida Keys harbor large numbers of older individuals, which likely contributes to the high risk of dengue transmission in the area.
Cost-utility analysis of primary HPV testing through home-based self-sampling in comparison to visual inspection using acetic acid for cervical cancer screening in East district, Sikkim, India, 2023
Authors: Hariprasad Roopa , Bagepally Bhavani Shankara , Kumar Sajith , Pradhan Sangeeta , Gurung Deepsikka , Tamang Harki , Sharma Arpana , Bhatnagar Tarun
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Primary Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) testing offers higher sensitivity and specificity over Visual Inspection using Acetic acid (VIA) in cervical cancer screening. Self-sampling is a promising strategy to boost participation and reduce disparities. However, concerns about the initial costs hinder HPV testing adoption in low and middle-income countries. This study assesses the cost-utility of home-based HPV self-sampling versus VIA for cervical cancer screening in India.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in East district, Sikkim, India, comparing the costs and utility outcomes of population-based cervical cancer screening through VIA and primary HPV screening through self-sampling. Cost-related data were collected from April 2021 to March 2022 using the bottom-up micro-costing method, while utility measures were collected prospectively using the EuroQoL-5D-5L questionnaire. The utility values were converted into quality-adjusted life days (QALDs) for an 8-day period. The willingness to pay threshold (WTP) was based on per capita GDP for 2022. If the calculated Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) value is lower than the WTP threshold, it signifies that the intervention is cost-effective.

Results

The study included 95 women in each group of cervical cancer screening with VIA & HPV self-sampling. For eight days, the QALD was found to be 7.977 for the VIA group and 8.0 for the HPV group. The unit cost per woman screened by VIA and HPV self-testing was ₹1,597 (US$ 19.2) and ₹1,271(US$ 15.3), respectively. The ICER was ₹-14,459 (US$ -173.6), which was much below the WTP threshold for eight QALDs, i.e. ₹ 4,193 (US$ 50.4).

Conclusion

The findings support HPV self-sampling as a cost-effective alternative to VIA. This informs policymakers and healthcare providers for better resource allocation in cervical cancer screening in Sikkim.
Prevalence and associated factors of non-communicable chronic diseases among university academics in Jordan
Authors: Khamaiseh Abdullah M. , Habashneh Sakhaa S.
Published: August 2024

The increasing prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases on a global, regional, and local scale demonstrates the extensive impact of these diseases, which now account for 70% of all worldwide deaths and affect a diverse population outside affluent places. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of non-communicable chronic diseases among academics at Mutah University in Jordan, while also taking into account the global trend of non-communicable diseases impacting different demographics. In a cross-sectional study, the majority of faculty members completed a questionnaire that included demographic information and prevalence of chronic diseases. The most prevalent conditions detected were hypertension (19.6%), diabetes mellitus (17.5%), rheumatoid arthritis (14.2%), heart disease (12.6%), and respiratory disorders (11.3%). Specifically, smoking and being overweight are underlined as significant risk factors, particularly among male respondents. These findings highlight the need of implementing health promotion programs in educational academic institutions, with an emphasis on fostering healthy dietary habits and encouraging physical activity.
Evaluation of adapted parent training for challenging behaviour in pre-school children with moderate to severe intellectual developmental disabilities: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Royston Rachel , Absoud Michael , Ambler Gareth , Barnes Jacqueline , Hunter Rachael , Kyriakopoulos Marinos , Ondruskova Tamara , Oulton Kate , Paliokosta Eleni , Panca Monica , Sharma Aditya , Slonim Vicky , Summerson Una , Sutcliffe Alastair , Thomas Megan , Qu Chen , Hassiotis Angela
Published: August 2024

Objectives

There is limited evidence on the effectiveness of parenting interventions to improve disruptive behaviour in children with intellectual developmental disabilities. This clinical trial evaluated whether an adapted group parenting intervention for preschool children with intellectual developmental disabilities who display challenging behaviour is superior to treatment as usual in England.

Study design

261 children aged 30–59 months with moderate to severe intellectual developmental disabilities and challenging behaviour were randomised to either the intervention (Stepping Stones Triple P) and treatment as usual or treatment as usual alone. The primary outcome was the parent-rated Child Behaviour Checklist at 52 weeks after randomisation. A health economic evaluation was also completed.

Results

We found no significant difference between arms on the primary outcome (mean difference -4.23; 95% CI: -9.99 to 1.53; p = 0.147). However, a subgroup analysis suggests the intervention was effective for participants randomised before the COVID-19 pandemic (mean difference -7.12; 95% CI: -13.44 to -0.81; p = 0.046). Furthermore, a complier average causal effects analysis (mean difference -11.53; 95% CI: -26.97 to 3.91; p = 0.143) suggests the intervention requires participants to receive a sufficient intervention dose. The intervention generated statistically significant cost savings (-£1,057.88; 95% CI -£3,218.6 to -£46.67) but the mean point estimate in Quality Adjusted Life Years was similar in both groups.

Conclusion

This study did not find an effect of the intervention on reducing challenging behaviour, but this may have been influenced by problems with engagement. The intervention could be considered by services as an early intervention if families are supported to attend, especially given its low cost.
Nurses valued domains of living: Exploring gender differences
Authors: AL-Hammouri Mohammed Munther , Rababah Jehad A. , Dormans Jorn
Published: August 2024

This study explores gender-specific aspects of nurses’ valued domains of living, examining differences in importance and consistency between male and female nurses in Jordanian hospitals. A cross-sectional study recruited 206 nurses (103 females, 103 males) from two major hospitals in Jordan. Data were collected using a demographics questionnaire and the Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ), assessing 10 domains of living. The mean age of the sample was 35.4, ranging between 27 and 59 years old. The highest rank order valued domain of living for females was family, with 88.3% of females considering it a very important living domain. Parenting was the highest-ranked domain of living for males, with 76.7% reporting it as a very important domain of living. Significant gender differences were found in valued domains’ rank order, importance, and consistency. Female nurses prioritized work, education/training, spirituality, and citizenship/community more than males, while males prioritized marriage/couples/intimate relations. Females consistently aligned actions with values related to work, education/training, spirituality, and citizenship/community. Parenting emerged as a problematic valued domain, particularly for females. Understanding gender differences in nurses’ valued domains is essential for creating equitable and supportive work environments. Tailored interventions should address gender-specific needs and challenges, promoting workplace satisfaction and improving patient outcomes. Future research should explore factors contributing to gender differences and evaluate interventions promoting gender equity and diversity in nursing.
The measurement of China’s provincial physical capital stock based on the improved method and indicators
Authors: Wang Qi , Ma Ziyu
Published: August 2024

Physical capital stock is the basic indicator of macroeconomic empirical studies and also an important manifestation of macroeconomic activity capacity. When measuring China’s provincial physical capital stock by the perpetual inventory method, the treatment for the depreciation rate and the initial physical capital stock in the existing literature has some defects in reflecting the economic performance. The purpose of this paper is to build the most reliable and reasonable statistical series of China’s provincial physical capital stock. We establish a measurement formula in form of the variable depreciation rate and improve the treatment for the depreciation rate and the initial physical capital stock. For the depreciation rate, we measure the benchmark depreciation rate of physical capital and determine the variable depreciation rate according to the economic growth rate, which makes the variable depreciation rate reflect the economic growth. For the initial physical capital stock, we measure the initial physical capital stock according to the capital output ratio, which makes the initial physical capital stock reflect the economic aggregate. Based on these improvements, we measure China’s provincial physical capital stock from 1952 to 2022 by the perpetual inventory method. Through analyzing the measurement results, we have a more distinct insight into the temporal and spatial characteristics of China’s provincial physical capital stock: The growth rate of physical capital stock at the provincial level has slowed in spite of remaining high; The eastern region is much higher than the central and western regions. According to these two characteristics, it is suggested that policymakers need to improve market mechanisms and adjust investment policies to promote a benign profile of economic growth and a regional optimization of capital formation.
Determinants of adult sedentary behavior and physical inactivity for the primary prevention of diabetes in historically disadvantaged communities: A representative cross-sectional population-based study from Reunion Island
Authors: Fianu Adrian , Jégo Sylvaine , Révillion Christophe , Lenclume Victorine , Neufcourt Lola , Viale Fabrice , Bouscaren Nicolas , Cubizolles Sylvain
Published: August 2024

Populations undergoing extensive and rapid socio-economic transitions including historically disadvantaged communities face an increased risk of type-2 diabetes (T2D). In recent years, sedentary behavior and physical inactivity have been considered modifiable determinants when developing primary prevention programs to reduce T2D incidence. Reunion Island is a French overseas department with an increasing T2D population and a high level of socio-economic inequality. The objectives of our study were to identify the individual, social, and environmental factors associated with sedentary behavior and physical inactivity among the Reunion Island adult population, and to highlight these findings in order to propose T2D primary prevention strategies aiming at alleviating local social inequalities in health (SIH). In 2021, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional telephone survey using random sampling. Participants included adults over 15 years old living in ordinary accommodation on Reunion Island (n = 2,010). Using a sequential approach, multinomial logistic regression model (explaining 3 profiles of interest: sedentary/inactive, sedentary/active, non-sedentary/inactive), and sampling-design weighted estimates, we found that 53.9% [95% confidence interval: 51.1 to 56.7%] of participants had sedentary behavior and 20.1% [95% CI: 17.8 to 22.5%] were inactive. Abandoning physical activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001), final secondary school diploma or above (p = 0.005), student as professional status (p≤0.005) and living in fewer poor neighborhoods located far from city centers (p = 0.030) were four conditions independently associated with sedentary/inactive and/or sedentary/active profiles. Based on these findings, to help reduce SIH, we used a typology of actions based on the underlying theoretical interventions including four main action categories: strengthening individuals (using person-based strategies), strengthening communities, improving living and working conditions, and promoting health-based macro-policies. Our findings suggest several directions for reducing lifestyle risk factors and enhancing T2D primary prevention programs targeting psychosocial, behavioral, and structural exposures.
Comparison of Resident Satisfaction and Influencing Factors by Region and Group of Shinan-gun Solar Power Development Profit Sharing System: Focusing on Spatial Justice
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Cheol HongKim , Son Cheol Hee , Ban Yong Un
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare satisfaction levels of residents with the solar power development profit-sharing system and the factors affecting the satisfaction level in terms of the groups’ difference such as the length of residence, and the regions, from a spatial justice perspective. For this purpose, resident perceptions were surveyed using a Likert scale and the collected data were statistically analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the satisfaction level of residents was significantly higher in Jido-eup and Imja-myeon, and also higher for residents who have lived in the area for more than 20 years to 40 years. It was found that procedural justice has affected satisfaction level of residents in all regions and all groups. In general, the Shinan-gun development profit-sharing system is thought to have high satisfaction with economic benefits, but the results show that both procedural and recognitional justice are recognized as more important factors. This study is the first academic attempt to analyze development profit-sharing system using spatial justice frame.
Analysis of the Impact of Neighborhood Environments, Social Interaction and Trust on Risk Perception of Infectious Diseases: Focusing on Comparison between Beginning and Middle·Late COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Cho Hyo-Sang , Koo Ja-Hoon
Published: August 2024

Risk perceptions of infectious diseases vary depending on individuals’ perceptions of their neighborhood environments, such as walkability, living conditions, health and welfare services, and education, which are spaces where diseases can spread. Social interaction and trust influence overall risk perception, but their impact may vary in neighborhoods perceived as potential spaces for contagion. Therefore, we used multilevel ordered logistic models to analyze the effects of the neighborhood environment, social interaction, and trust on the risk perception of infectious diseases. The findings showed that, first, the walking environment and living environment in all periods increased risk perception as satisfaction increased, while educational environment decreased. Second, neighborhood trust initially reduced risk perception in the beginning period but later increased it in the middle and late periods, while public trust consistently lowered perception of infectious disease risk across all periods. The policy implications are that there should be planning for anti-pandemic walking and living environments, such as creating more parks or utilizing open spaces in schools. Additionally, public policies should aim to increase trust in infectious disease response measures.
Indonesian Cultural Diplomacy: The Role of Indonesian Schools in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zuhri Anis Fuadah , Sholeh Badrus
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the intricate dynamics of cultural diplomacy and nationalism as orchestrated by Indonesian Schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the strategic role of performance arts in fostering international relations and national identity. The research aims to elucidate the involvement of students and teachers from the Indonesian School of Riyadh in cultural performances, delineating its significance in the broader context of Indonesia's diplomatic outreach in Saudi Arabia. Adopting a qualitative methodology, the investigation centered on interviews with twenty teachers who participated in cultural events in Riyadh from 2022 to 2023. These interviews, conducted via Google Forms, illuminated the proactive engagement of the Indonesian educational community in cultural diplomacy through music, dance, and cultural festivals. The findings highlight that these cultural performances serve not only as a medium of cultural expression but also as a pivotal mechanism in reinforcing the diplomatic ties between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the study reveals that these activities are instrumental in instilling a sense of nationalism among Indonesian students abroad, providing them with a tangible connection to their cultural heritage. The performances have been strategically employed to showcase Indonesia’s rich cultural tapestry, thereby facilitating a deeper cultural understanding and appreciation among the Saudi populace and international community in Riyadh. The research acknowledges the limitation of its sample size and calls for broader studies to assess the long-term impact of cultural performances on diplomatic relations and national identity construction. In conclusion, the study posits that cultural diplomacy through educational institutions like the Indonesian School of Riyadh has emerged as an effective tool in the post-Vision 2030 diplomatic landscape of Saudi Arabia, suggesting a transformative shift towards more culturally nuanced diplomatic engagements.
Code-switching queer controversy: Pre-K-8 educators’ perceptions of LGBT-inclusive policy framing
Authors: Wargo Jon M. , Katz Alex
Published: August 2024

This paper uses sensemaking theory and frame analysis to examine how a non-system actor’s framing for advancing LGBT inclusion, what they called code-switching, was taken up. Drawing on qualitative interview data generated as part of a larger mixed-methods study, this article examines the material and ideological affordances and constraints of elementary educators implementing the Inclusive Curriculum Law in Illinois (House Bill 246), a law promoting LGBT representation in history textbooks and curriculum. Findings highlight how the impetus to code-switch created a disconnect between policy and perceived practice, which in turn complicated organizational efforts to transform inclusive instruction. As our analyses illustrate, problem framing—refracted here through a non-system agent—not only shaped the direction of proposed solutions but also played a critical role in coordinating individual action and sensemaking.
Emo–emprendedores: Análisis crítico de un proyecto legislativo sobre educación emocional en Chile
Authors: Palacios Díaz Diego , Báez Oyanedel Teresa , Losada Medina Margarita , Sisto Campos Vicente
Published: August 2024

Las emociones se han constituido como objeto de gobierno en la educación contemporánea. Esto contempla la participación de instancias supranacionales y estados nacionales, aunque nuevos actores comienzan a aportar perspectivas sobre las dimensiones emocionales de la educación. Este artículo analiza discursivamente la producción y distribución de un proyecto legislativo sobre educación emocional en Chile. Se estudia a una organización de la sociedad civil, Fundación Liderazgo Chile, la cual ha realizado un intenso trabajo de lobby e influencia mediática para conseguir aprobación. Considerando que las emociones constituyen sitios de control social y que las ideas son relevantes para modelar el contexto de influencia de la política educativa, se conduce un análisis político de discurso sobre fuentes documentales (n=23) producidas y distribuidas por el actor mencionado. Se proponen tres hallazgos relevantes: primero, la caracterización de la sociedad contemporánea como carente y violenta; segundo, la construcción de actores educativos como analfabetos emocionales; tercero, la promoción de soluciones centradas en entrenamientos emocionales individuales. Se introduce el concepto de “emo-emprendedores”, quienes buscan modelar la política educativa con perspectivas emocionales, pero descuidando otras dimensiones de los problemas educativos. Finalmente, se indican algunos riesgos de pretender dotar de legalidad y obligatoriedad a proyectos legislativos del alcance pretendido.
Compatibility of Mycorrhizae and Pineapple-Based Liquid Fertilizer on Local Variety of Shallot for Suppression of Fusarium Wilt Disease
Authors: Wafa Ali , Muwahidi Amirul , Pradana Ankardiansyah Pandu , Prastowo Sigit , Purwandarini Anggi Arsy
Published: August 2024

A comprehensive approach is needed to control shallots twisted disease (penyakit moler) caused by infection of Fusarium oxysporum. The use of mycorrhiza is known to be quite promising for controlling Fusarium wilt. Many farmers combine biological control agents with plant waste—pineapple peel waste—, but the synergistic effects are not yet clearly known. This research aims to determine the compatibility of liquid fertilizer and mycorrhiza as an effort to develop new techniques in managing Fusiarium twisted disease. The research was arranged using a completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The tests conducted included measuring the percentage of mycorrhizal infectivity and disease severity, bulb production, and biomass of shallot plants. The analysis of the content of pineapple peel-based liquid organic fertilizer (PLOF) showed that it contains 11.14% organic carbon source, 0.14% nitrogen, as well as other macro and micronutrients. The combination of mycorrhiza and PLOF can form a symbiosis with plant roots with a colonization rate of 66.67%. Meanwhile, the combination of the two treatments could not suppress the severity of twisted disease, nor could it increase bulb production and biomass of shallot plants.