bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of interaction of inulin complex with water
Authors: Maksimenko Yu. A. , Konnova O. I. , Aleksanian I. Yu.
Published: January 2024

Currently, the key trends in the global food market include the rapidly developing functional nutrition industry, which is of great interest to consumers. Inulin is a natural polysaccharide of plant origin, consisting of residues of E-fructofuranose (fructose). The object of the research is inulin extract from Jerusalem artichoke at different humidity levels. It has been established that to intensify the drying process of inulin extract, it is advisable to increase the mass transfer surface, which can be achieved by spraying the initial product, and using volumetric energy supply methods, in particular, radiation energy supply. The important and most energy-intensive stages of drying are carried out in the hygroscopic area of equilibrium humidity of the object of the research, which determines the intensity and mechanism of the dehumidification operation in order to increase the degree of perfection, select rational operating parameters, adapt to the object of the analysis and solve a mathematical model of removal moisture from it. Based on the sorption isotherms and hygroscopic parameters of the inulin extract obtained in preliminary studies, obtained by dehydrating the inulin extract from Jerusalem artichoke (variety «Skorospelka», grown by JSC «Chaganskoe», the bAstrakhan region), a thermodynamic analysis of the process of sorption and desorption was carried out in different ranges of humidity variation. The total binding energy of moisture with the dry residue of inulin and its thermodynamic components were found. The data obtained do not contradict known literature sources and can be recommended when designing processes for removing moisture from inulin extract and designing drying devices.
Rationale for obtaining protein concentrate of industrial hemp seeds of Cannabis sativa L. of modern selection based on mathematical modeling and its application in food production
Authors: Petrenko A. V. , Tarasov E. S. , Kaminir O. N. , Guba E. N. , Kalinyuk E. A.
Published: January 2024

In recent decades interest in hemp seed concentrates, which are characterized by a valuable amino acid composition and high nutritional value, has increased. Hemp seeds are sources of vegetable protein and essential components for maintaining health due to the rich content of protein compounds, vitamins, and unsaturated fatty acids. So, production of protein concentrates from oilseeds is becoming relevant. Taking this into account, it is relevant to conduct research aimed at developing and improving the technology for obtaining protein products from the seeds of industrial hemp Cannabis Sativa L of modern selection, as well as expanding the possibility of their use as a part of a different range of food products. The seeds of industrial hemp Cannabis Sativa L of modern selection were used as objects of the research. The studies used both generally accepted and special chemical, physicochemical and physical methods for studying the quality of raw materials and finished products. The research was carried out to improve the technology for obtaining protein concentrate from the seeds of industrial hemp Cannabis Sativa L. based on mathematical modeling of the process, which showed the greatest efficiency in extracting protein concentrate using a 20% alcohol solution as an extractant. Analysis of the composition of the resulting protein concentrate showed a predominant content of globulins. At the same time, the composition of globulin fractions, in comparison with albumin, indicates a great potential for the use of globulin in the formulations of functional food products, as well as a component of targeted technological action. In general, the studies have shown the feasibility of using protein concentrates from industrial hemp seeds of Cannabis Sativa L of modern selection in food products as a functional and technological ingredient.
Preparation of cottage cheese enriched with an antioxidant preparation
Authors: Sycheva O. V. , Kaishev V. G. , Oleinik S. A. , Skorbina E. A. , Trubina I. A.
Published: January 2024

The steady trend towards the production and consumption of functional foods is a hallmark of modern times. Among them fermented milk products, including cottage cheese, have a big share. Antioxidants, in particular betaine, are used for the fortification of food products. Betaine is proved to have a wide range of health benefits. The recommended intake of betaine is 131 mg/day, however, to exhibit a functional effect on the human body, its daily dose must reach 1500 mg. The actual consumption of betaine in food products is much lower, which necessitates the need to enrich daily diet products with betaine, in particular cottage cheese. The possibility of improving the composition of cottage cheese in terms of antioxidants, dietary fiber and the microelement silicon, thanks to the addition of the drug acidin-pepsin, has been experimentally proven. The preparation acidin-pepsin is added at the rate of 5 g per 100 kg of milk. This amount of the preparation contains 4 g of betaine hydrochloride, 10 mg of pork pepsin; and excipients, i.e. 240 mg of povidone-K25 240, 104 mg of colloidal silicon dioxide, 50 mg of calcium stearate, up to 12.6 g of sorbitol. The yield of cottage cheese from 100 kg of milk is 30.0 – 30.5 kg. The use of this technology will increase the shelf life of the finished product, expand the range of enriched functional products, since when using the preparation acidin-pepsin, cottage cheese is enriched not only with the antioxidant betaine, but also with dietary fiber povidone, calcium stearate, sorbitol and the microelement silicon.
Investigation of the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on functional properties of pea protein isolate
Authors: Chugunova O. V. , Bikbulatov P. S. , Sokolov A. S. , Zavorokhina N. V.
Published: January 2024

The article presents the results of the influence of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on some functional properties of pea protein isolate. HHP was combined with different pH conditions to investigate the cumulative effect of HHP-based food processing conditions on the functional properties of pea protein isolate. Pea protein isolate solutions prepared at different pH conditions (5.0, 6.0, and 7.0) were subjected to HHP treatment at 200, 400, and 600 mPa at 18 °C for 5 min. The water resisting capacity (WRC), solubility and emulsifying properties of pea isolate samples were determined. It was found that treatment with NPP increased the VUS of pea protein isolates by 1.5 times. The greatest increase was observed in samples treated with a pressure of 400 mPa, at pH=7. An increase in solubility was found with an increase in pH from 6 to 7 when using a pressure of 400 and 600 mPa, however, for a sample of soybean isolate at pH 7 and a pressure of 200 mPa, on the contrary, a decrease in solubility was recorded. It has been shown that the effect of NPP on the emulsifying properties of pea protein depends on the processing conditions. In some cases, HPP can improve emulsifying properties, providing more stable emulsions. However, increasing exposure to high pressure up to 600 mPa leads to a decrease in emulsifying stability. The optimal parameters for using NPP for pea isolate proteins are a pH in the range of 6-7, and a pressure of 400 mPa.
Music: An Instrument of Identity and Social Stability for the Youths in the 21st Century
Authors: Esimone Chinyere Celestina , Erhiegueke A. W. , Okonkwo Amaka I Ugoo
Published: January 2024

As one of the most ancient arts known to man, great thinkers like Plato and Aristotle highly spoke of Music as a powerful tool for taming the restless souls and appealing to emotions, especially the youths in the 21st Century. Understanding this intrinsic power of Music is necessary to turn art into an effective tool for various human expressions. This expression is linked to the overall makeup of a person or a group of persons. It defines them as individuals bound by a common aspiration, tradition, history, ancestry and future. This expression is also the truth of the principle of identity expressed as a law of thought but lived as a principle of existence. This is the position that this paper seeks to express: that Music can become a tool for identity and art that preserves social stability for the youths in the 21st Century, especially in Nigeria. Data for this work was obtained through observation and the library, and conclusions were made based on the findings. Findings from the work showed that Music serves as an instrument for identity and social stability for the youths in Nigeria in the 21st Century.
Supportive Communication Analysis of Family Members with Persons with Disabilities in Forming Self-Confidence: Case Study in Blora, Indonesia
Authors: Suciati Suciati , Pangestuti Dhiaz Ayunda
Published: January 2024

This research examines the interpersonal communication process in disabled families, especially the development of supportive communication models for people with disabilities in Blora, Indonesia. This research needs to be carried out because of the many cases of lack of self-confidence among people with disabilities. The role of family members greatly influences the self-quality and level of self-confidence of a disabled person. The role of family members greatly influences the self-quality and level of self-confidence of a disabled person. The theory used in this research is the categories of defensive and supportive behavior theory, which states that every individual has behavior to defend themselves but also includes behavior to provide support. The approach to this research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type, and data collection techniques through in-depth interviews. The technique for taking informants uses a purposive sampling technique, with data analysis techniques carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Test the validity of the data using data triangulation techniques. Based on the research results, the researchers concluded that people with physical impairments received positive treatment from other family members. Positive behavior of family members towards the physically disabled takes the form of supportive communication which is implemented through a) not blaming the disabled person’s condition, b) convincing family members to participate in rehabilitation to increase self-confidence, c) honestly conveying the condition that caused the physical disability to family members, d) sharing duties according to capacity, e) meeting the physical needs of family members, f) being careful in talking to family members so as not to hurt feelings, g) respecting family members’ opinions, h) building healthy criticism for the common good of family members. The factors that influence the supportive communication behavior of the three pairs of informants are self-acceptance, independence, and self-confidence.
Qualitative Analysis of Early Pension Withdrawal in Defined Benefit Schemes: A Case National Pension Scheme Authority (NAPSA)
Authors: Kawimbe Dr Sidney , Banda Ms Buumba
Published: January 2024

This paper aims to look at model retirement behavior with a focus on early retirement where there is an option for “buy‐outs”. An employer can offer employees generous pension programs if the employees agree on early retirement. Earlier studies have neglected such offers, but in doing so, estimates of the individuals’ responses to financial incentives in a retirement decision are likely to be biased upward. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose an estimation strategy where the retirement decision and the accesses to early retirement pension (ERP) offers are estimated in a simultaneous equation system, yielding unbiased estimates of the model parameters. They apply the model using detailed Swedish register data.
TEORI NEUROSCIENSE DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Damayanti Wiwik , Sutarto Sutarto , Suryana Ermis
Published: January 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tranformasi Metode pendidikan baru yang dikenal sebagai teori neurosains berfokus pada kinerja saraf otak siswa. Pendidik seringkali hanya mengikuti keinginan siswa dan tidak memperhatikan potensi otak siswa untuk membantu mereka belajar. Neurologi pertama adalah Cajal, seorang ilmuwan Spanyol yang dianugerahi Penghargaan Nobel 1906, yang menemukan empat doktrin neurosain. Salah satu dari doktrin ini adalah Teori Emosi, yang menyatakan bahwa korteks dan sistem saraf simpatik menyebabkan perasaan; Amigdala, yang berfungsi untuk ingatan emosional, terdiri dari nukleus atau kluster badan sel dan belahan otak kiri dan kanan. Kita dapat memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang bagaimana otak manusia belajar dan menanggapi ajaran agama dengan menggunakan teori neurosains dalam pendidikan agama Islam.
Analisis Nilai-nilai Moderasi Beragama pada Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Kelas VI dan Upaya Mewujudkannya di MIN 1 Lebong
Authors: Yosita Yosita , Sari Dewi Purnama , Karolina Asri
Published: January 2024

Madrasah Ibtidayah Negeri 1 Lebong merupakan salah satu sekolah yang menyambut baik program moderasi yang digaungkan oleh pemerintah, khususnya Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia hal ini terbukti MIN 1 Lebong menginternalisasikan nilai-nilai moderasi dalam pembelajaran Agama. Oleh karena itu perlu didalami bagaimana pelaksanaan dan dampak yang ditimbulkan dengan menginfusi nilai-nilai moderasi dalam pelajaran PAI. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis nilai-nilai moderasi beragama dan desain pembelajaran yang diajarkan dalam mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di MIN 1 Lebong, serta upaya-upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencapainya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi wawancara dengan guru Pendidikan Agama Islam, dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data meliputi proses reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa materi pelajaran pada masing-masing mata pelajaran diinfusikan kedalam materi terntu, misalnya pada mata pelajaran Akidah Akhlak terdapat pada materi “Mengenal Sifat-sifat Allah”, kemudian mata pelajaran Fiqih pada materi “Ketentuan Jual Beli”, sementara Al-Quran Hadits pada materi “Mempelajari surat-surat dalam Al-Quran”, dan Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam pada materi “Sejarah Kekhalifaan”. Nilai-nilai yang dikembangkan diantaranya toleransi, saling menghormati, persaudaraan, keadilan, dan kebersamaan. Kemudian untuk desain pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh masing-masing mata pelajaran relative sama diantaranya Pemberian Contoh, Diskusi kelas, Kajian Pustaka, Kegiatan Sosial dilapangan
PENDIDIKAN PADA MASA KHULAFAUR RASYIDIN DAN ABAD PERTENGAHAN: RELEVANSINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ABAD KE-21
Authors: Abdiyantoro Restu , Junaidi Riskan , Saputra Roja , Saputra Yedi Irawan , Amrullah Amrullah , Nelson Nelson
Published: January 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tranformasi Pendidikan pada masa khulafaur rasyidin dan abad pertengahan serta relevansi Pendidikan tersebut pada pembelajarana abad 21, penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan,hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Proses transliterasi karya Yunani ke dalam bahasa Arab juga menunjukkan semangat pembelajaran kritis, di mana pengetahuan digabungkan dan diselaraskan dari berbagai sumber untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan kemampuan untuk berpikir kritis.Kreatif dan inovasi serta pengetahuan teoretis tetapi juga terlibat dalam praktik ilmiah dan kreatif. Sesuai dengan pendekatan modern yang menekankan pada aplikasi praktis pengetahuan, pembelajaran berbasis proyek ini mendorong pemikiran inovatif dan kreatif. Siswa banyak belajar dari karya ilmiah terkemuka, meskipun ini berbeda dengan era digital abad 21 dan masa Khulafaur Rashidin dan Abad Pertengahan. Ini menunjukkan relevansi dengan abad 21.
PROGRAM PONDOK PESANTREN DALAM INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL UNTUK PENINGKATAN KERUKUNAN HIDUP BERAGAMA PADA SISWA PONDOK PESANTREN MODERN UNGGULAN TERPADU DARUL MURSYID TAPANULI SELATAN
Authors: Suharman Suharman , Erawadi Erawadi , Magdalena Magdalena
Published: January 2024

Pendidikan multikultural merupakan proses pengembangan seluruh potensi manusia yang menghargai pluralitas dan heterogenitasnya sebagai konsekuensi keragaman budaya, etnis, suku, dan agama. Pendidikan multikultural sejatinya menghendaki adanya penghormatan dan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya terhadap harkat dan martabat manusia dari manapun dia datangnya dan berbudaya apapun, dengan harapan supaya tercipta kedamaian sejati, keamanan, yang tidak dihantui kecemasan dan kebahagiaan tanpa rekayasa. Nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam pendidikan multikultural seperti nilai kesetaraan atau kesamaan, kemerdekaan, keadilan, menghormati perbedaan, dan toleransi. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa untuk masyarakat Indonesia yang plural dan majemuk ini pendidikan multikultural tentu sangat cocok untuk diterapkan. Hasil penelitian Sebagai guru dan peserta didik tidak boleh membeda-bedakan baik agama, kultur, sosial, suku serta bahasa. Pemahaman guru sudah sangat baik tentang internalisasi nilai-nilai kerukunan umat beragama sehingga dapat menerapkan pendidikan multikultural dengan membangun semangat empati, equality dan toleransi kepada siswa. Dengan menekankan bahwa setiap orang dengan latar belakang apapun memiliki persamaan dalam haknya sebagai warga negara.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR QURAN HADITS MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TALKING STICK PADA SISWA MTSN 4 KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Yurnalis Yurnalis
Published: January 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas IX MTsN Kota Jamb pada mata pelajaran Quran Hadist. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan sujek penelitian siswa kelas IX MTsN Kota Jambi. Hasil dari penelitian ini penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe talking stick dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran, baik menyangkut kegiatan guru, aktivitas peserta didik dalam pembelajaran, serta berdampak pada peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas IX MTsN Kota Jambi. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada hasil yang dicapai berikut ini : a) Aktivitas guru mengalami peningkatan, dari siklus I sebesar 76.92% yang terlaksana meningkat pada siklus II sebesar 100% yang terlaksana. b) Aktivitas peserta didik mengalami peningkatan, dari siklus I sebesar 54,54% yang tuntas meningkat pada siklus II sebesar 100% yang tuntas. c) Hasil belajar peserta didik mengalami peningkatan, dari siklus I sebesar 71,75% yang tuntas meningkat pada siklus II sebesar 100% yang tuntas.
STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENANAMKAN NILAI-NILAI RELIGIUS BAGI PESERTA DIDIK DI RA TUNAS LITERASI QUR'ANI
Authors: Khoiriah Beta Hana , Sutarto Sutarto , Deriwanto Deriwanto
Published: January 2024

Pendidikan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam pembentukan karakter dan kepribadian individu. Pendidikan agama memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk nilai-nilai religius pada peserta didik, terutama di tingkat pendidikan dasar seperti RA (Raudhatul Athfal). RA merupakan lembaga pendidikan awal bagi anak-anak muslim yang bertujuan untuk memberikan pendidikan agama dan moral pada usia dini. Oleh karena itu, guru di RA memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam menanamkan nilai- nilai religius pada peserta didik. Namun, dalam kenyataannya tidak semua guru mampu mengimplementasikan strategi yang tepat dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai religius pada peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai religius yang diterapkan oleh guru pada peserta didik di RA Tunas Literasi Qur'ani, strategi yang digunakan oleh guru dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai religius, serta kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai religius pada peserta didik. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen, analisis data secara kualitatif, serta interpretasi dan penyajian temuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kurikulum dirancang secara holistik untuk mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai religius ke dalam pembelajaran sehari-hari. Guru-guru menggunakan strategi pembelajaran interaktif dan memanfaatkan cerita, teladan, dan pengalaman langsung untuk mengajarkan nilai-nilai religius. Selain itu, penggunaan teknologi juga didukung dalam pembelajaran. Nilai-nilai religius yang ditanamkan termasuk keimanan, ketakwaan, akhlak Karimah, serta pemahaman dan pengamalan ajaran agama Islam. Nilai-nilai religius menjadi salah satu fokus utama dalam pembelajaran di lembaga tersebut. Guru-guru memainkan peran penting sebagai teladan dan memberikan dukungan kepada peserta didik. Kendala dalam mengajarkan nilai-nilai religius dihadapi, tetapi upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut, termasuk perbaikan metode pembelajaran, implementasi program penghargaan, dan meningkatkan komunikasi dengan orang tua.
THE MORAL OBJECTIVES OF DRESS IN THE SUNNAH OF THE PROPHET SAHIH AL-BUKHARI IS A MODEL
Authors: Al-Sadiq Ahmed AL-MARKHI Hasan
Published: January 2024

Since dress is an essential aspect of identity in human societies, and a badge that indicates belonging to national and religious principles, the issue of dress has been extremely important across times and places in human customs and customs. The Sunnah of the Prophet paid attention to this aspect and established in its rulings a purposeful dimension that indicates the level of morals, chivalry, modesty and virtue of the people. Through the emblem of clothing and adornment, to the extent that these values are preserved, the emblem of these principles becomes clear, and to the extent of negligence, these values disappear and may even die. Dress is considered the translated image of the behavior of individuals and groups and an expressive sign of belonging Through the above: This study came to shed light on the most important legal objectives of clothing through the most important and most authentic hadith sources, which is Sahih AlBukhari. Because this book was distinguished by acceptance and interest among the scholars of the nation, Imam Ibn Hajar said about it that “it enjoyed - from its author - a great deal of highlighting the jurisprudence of hadiths. Al-Bukhari’s intention was not only to narrate, but he was keen to show the wise jokes and the great jurisprudential benefits” (Al-Asqalani 1/8- 1379). In order to give scientific praise to this book, the aim of this study was to: extract these jokes and benefits that represent jurisprudential objectives from the collection of hadiths that he arranged under the headings of multiple chapters included in the book Al-Libas in Sahih. In order for these purposes to be a solution to many of the problems that revolve around the custom of dress, and to correct the concepts that in many of its manifestations among people, some of them have deviated to the point of exaggeration from one point of view, and from another point of view they have gone to the point of neglecting the values of morals, chivalry, and modesty related to the dress code. And decorations
The Applications of Nanotechnology in Renewable Energy
Authors: Mose Patrick
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to explore the applications of nanotechnology in renewable energy.

Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.

Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the applications of nanotechnology in renewable energy. Preliminary empirical review revealed that the transformative potential of nanotechnology in revolutionizing renewable energy production, storage, and utilization. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation, nanotechnology offers solutions to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic cells, improve the performance of batteries and supercapacitors, and facilitate cleaner energy production with nanocatalysts. These findings underscore the need for continued research and development, paving the way for a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future in the renewable energy sector.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory may be used to anchor future studies on nanotechnology and renewable energy. The study offered several key recommendations. Firstly, it emphasizes the importance of fostering collaborative research initiatives among academia, industry, and government agencies to accelerate the development and adoption of nanotechnology in renewable energy. Secondly, the study suggests investing in nanotechnology education and training programs to bridge the skills gap and equip the workforce with the necessary expertise. Lastly, it underscores the need for clear and comprehensive policy frameworks to regulate nanotechnology in the renewable energy sector, addressing safety, environmental, and ethical concerns while incentivizing compliance. These recommendations collectively aim to promote the responsible and efficient integration of nanotechnology in renewable energy, contributing to a sustainable and innovative energy landscape.
Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Products Development
Authors: Saurabh Dhumane  , Kiran Dukare  , Tejas Naik  , Mahesh Shelke  , Krushna Dhongade
Published: January 2024

The abstract highlights the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in drug discovery, covering key aspects such as de novo drug design, synthesis planning, and the future implications of AI in pharmaceutical research. It begins by emphasizing AI's significant impact on drug discovery, particularly in applications like virtual screening and drug design. The survey provides a detailed overview of drug discovery, focusing on molecular property prediction and molecule generation. It explores essential components like data resources and benchmark platforms. The chronological organization of AI techniques showcases the historical evolution of AI in drug discovery. The abstract further discusses AI's applications in the pharmaceutical lifecycle, manufacturing, and post-market surveillance. It concludes by projecting the future role of AI in drug discovery, emphasizing precision medicine, personalized experiences, and collaborative efforts between AI and human researchers
Digital enhancement and photogrammetric recording of La Joquera Levantine rock art (Borriol, Castelló)
Authors: Domingo Inés , Javadi Peyman , Roman Dídac
Published: January 2024

The heritage values of Levantine rock art, as UNESCO World Heritage since 1998 and as an Asset of Cultural Interest since 1985 according to the Spanish Heritage Act, together with its fragile nature, demand developing initiatives aimed at regularly revisiting and monitoring the sites and updating any existing records (descriptions, tracings, photographs, etc.). This is especially important for long-known sites, such as La Joquera, discovered and first graphically recorded in 1930 and for which these records have not been updated for decades. Such revisits should be aimed to: a) asses the integrity of the finds since their discovery or since the last revision; b) test whether current digital technologies can improve previous interpretations and reproductions of the art preserved there; and c) produce accurate three-dimensional (3D) photorealistic models that capture the 3D nature of this heritage and even improve the visualisation of motifs. These integral approaches are relevant to the qualitative and quantitative study of the art, as well as to its preservation and monitoring, and creation of digital archives to ensure a virtual future for Levantine art. This paper reports the technologies and methods used, the challenges faced (in terms of space available, lighting restrictions and the visual interference caused by the protective fence), and the results obtained at La Joquera rock art site as part of the 2D and 3D digital recording of the rock surface, the colour and the motifs depicted. Highlights of this paper include the identification of previously invisible weaponry and adornments of the only archer preserved on this site, as well as some other incomplete remains. Deliverables also include the production of a photorealistic model on which colour-intensified tracings are projected. This facilitates the identification of art that is now extremely faded and offers a closer look at what the site may have looked like originally.
Predicting Microbiologically Influenced Concrete Corrosion in Self-Cleansing Sewers Using Meta-Learning Techniques
Authors: Zounemat-Kermani Mohammad , Aldallal Ammar
Published: January 2024

Sewer networks are not only necessary as an infrastructure for human societies, but they can also help humans achieve a stable situation with the surrounding natural environment by controlling and preventing the spread of pollution in the environment. As a result, concrete sewer maintenance and analysis of their damaging elements are critical. In this regard, modeling microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a challenging phenomenon. Due to the complicated aspects related to the interaction of microorganisms and concrete degradation, this research suggests several machine-learning models as well as traditional multiple linear regression model to predict the MIC in sewer pipelines. The models can be categorized into three sections: (i) stand-alone models (group method of data handling, generalized regression neural network, radial basis function neural network, multilayer perceptron neural network, chi-square automatic interaction detection, and classification and regression tree); (ii) integrative models (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and support vector regression with particle swarm optimization, artificial bee colony, and firefly algorithm); and (iii) ensemble meta-learner stepwise regression (SR) model. After implementing the models, statistical measures, including root mean square error, mean absolute error, mean bias error, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency are considered for evaluating models’ performances. The results indicate that the ensemble meta-learner-SR model is significantly more precise than other models. They also demonstrate that using an integrative model can improve the accuracy of stand-alone models by at least up to 42%. The durability and lifespan of the sewer system are also estimated with the aid of the best predictive model (meta-learner-SR) for two scenario cases of (i) gas phase and (ii) submerged conditions. It is concluded that the sewer systems have a considerably lower life span (24 y less) exposed to submerged sewage than the gas phase with 56 y of durability.
Stress Corrosion Cracking of High-Strength Ni-Base Alloys in Pressurized Water Reactor Primary Water Containing KOH vs. LiOH
Authors: Zhai Ziqing , Cintron-Colon Ferdinan , Bouffioux Ryan A. , Toloczko Mychailo B.
Published: January 2024

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of high-strength Ni-base Alloys X-750 and 718 has been investigated to assess the effect of replacing LiOH with KOH as the pH moderator in pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary circuit coolant. The SCC initiation behavior of X-750 was evaluated by multitensile specimen constant load test in either LiOH- or KOH-containing PWR primary water. The SCC growth behavior of X-750 and Alloy 718 was evaluated on compact tension specimens with on-the-fly changes between LiOH- and KOH-containing water in three different PWR primary water chemistries. Direct current potential drop technique was used for in situ monitoring of crack initiation time and crack extension in SCC initiation and propagation tests, respectively. The results suggest no significant effect of KOH vs. LiOH on the SCC initiation or propagation of the tested materials.
Analisis Pendapatan Peternak Sapi Pada Masa Wabah Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku (Studi Kasus Kecamatan Peusangan)
Authors: Saifan Saifan , Chairul Fadli
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai pendapatan peternak sapi pada masa wabah PMK di Kabupaten Bireuen Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Peusangan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2023 di Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan yang diperoleh peternak dalam usaha peternakan sapi potong pada wabah PMK di Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen pada berbagai skala kepemilikan yaitu pada skala 1-2 ekor rata-rata pendapatan yang didapat sebesar Rp. 8.953.795,-/periode, skala 3-4 ekor sebesar Rp. 17.518.628,-/periode dan untuk skala 5-6 ekor pendapatannya sebesar Rp. 17.518.628,-/periode. Adanya perbedaan mengenai pendapatan yang diterima oleh peternak itu dipengaruhi adanya perbedaan skala usaha yang dimiliki, dimana semakin tinggi skala usaha ternak sapi potong maka semakin besar pula pendapatan peternak yang di peroleh sehingga dapat memberikan keuntungan kepada peternak yang nilainya cukup besar.
Intoxication au Datura Stramonium à propos d’un cas chez un enfant et revue de la littérature cas clinique
Authors: Bahbouh Siham , Hamedi Abdellah
Published: January 2024

Datura Stramonium is a plant of the Solanaceae family. It contains a variety of toxic tropanic alkaloids whose consumption may cause severe anticholinergic toxicity. We report the case of 7 year-old who suffered accidental poisoning, the child was brought by his mother to the emergency department for acute nausea and behavioral disorders. On examination the child was agitated, had visual hallucinations and bilateral mydriasis, which improved under benzodiazepine. Interrogation revealed the ingestion of seeds identified as belonging to Datura Stramonium. The diagnosis was based on anamnestic and clinical data. The treatment was primarily symptomatic and prognosis was favorable.
Socio-demographics, Causes of Injuries, and Rehabilitation Injury Categories in a Commercial Motorcycle Road-Related Orthopedics and Neurological Surgery Cohort in Eldoret, Kenya
Authors: Muia Catherine Mwikali , Imbwaga Chantell Musimbi
Published: January 2024

Commercial motorcycle road related orthopedics and neurological injuries are one of the major causes of short- and long-term consequences requiring timely interdisciplinary referrals and in-patient physiotherapy rehabilitation together with out-patient follow-ups, to maintain and improve physical and functional level of patients. Spinal cord injuries and fractures of the vertebra and lower extremities remain one of the causes of mortality, impairments and disability to the riders, passengers and pedestrians. The objective of the study was to explore socio-demographic characteristics, causes of injuries, rehabilitation injury categories following commercial motorcycle road-related orthopedics and neurological surgery, Eldoret, Kenya. In this prospective cohort study, purposive sampling was adopted to select a sample size of 79 participants for a 6 months period of March 2021-July 2022 in 5 level hospitals, Eldoret, Kenya. The data was entered and analyzed with SPSS 20. The findings show that, from the patients’ bio-data during the study period, 79 out 150 were admitted with commercial motorcycle road-related orthopedics and neurological injuries for surgery with a prevalence rate 53%. All (100%) participants from socioeconmic backgrounds used commerical motorcycles as means of public transport. Male participants constituted to 62% and 38% females with a ratio of male to female of 4.9:3. Majority (94%) of participants were aged between 18 to 44 years with 62% aged between 18-34 years. Sixty-six per cent (66%) were admitted to orthopedics while 34% in neurological wards. All (100%) of the participants reported physical impairments and functional limitations with reduced independence level following commercial motorcycle road-related orthopedics and neurological injuries. All (100%) were referred for post-operative physiotherapy by orthopedics and neurological surgeons. More than half (62%) participants did not intend to continue with outpatient and follow-up physiotherapy rehabilitation. Majority (78%) paid their hospital health bills out of pocket with 51% coming from needy socio-economic class. However, 75% of the participants had requested for a waiver from a social worker. Based on the findings, the study concludes that interdisciplinary referral for post-operative physiotherapy by orthopedics and neurological surgeons were excellent. As a result, there is need for out-patient post-operative physiotherapy follow-ups and sensitization of NHIF registration and uptake by workers in informal sectors.
Peace and Values Education as a Cross-Cutting Issue in Rwandan Schools: Teachers and Classroom-Based Perspective
Authors: Buhigiro Jean Leonard , Sibomana Emmanuel , Ngabonziza Jean de Dieu Amini , Mukingambeho Delphine , Ntawiha Philothere
Published: January 2024

Peace and values is one of the cross-cutting issues in the Rwandan primary and secondary school curriculum. Different organizations such as the Aegis Trust have trained teachers in integrating peace and values in the various subjects, they teach by training learners on how to build a culture of peace.  This is very important to Rwanda as a post genocide. However, no research (at the best of our knowledge) has been conducted to investigate how and to what extent teachers integrate peace and values in various school subjects. This article reports on empirical research conducted in five primary schools in four provinces of Rwanda plus Kigali City to examine the teaching of peace and values in Rwandan schools. A qualitative approach was adopted for this research. Classroom observations, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings show that peace values are not part of teachers’ planning and are not explicitly referred to in classroom practices. This is mainly because teachers lack skills and knowledge to do so. However, some peace related messages are shared in extracurricular activities but these are counteracted by violent practices such as corporal punishment and bullying.  This article concludes that teachers’ limited understanding of peace impedes the integration of peace culture in schools. Thus, it suggests that peace values should be explicitly and systematically integrated in the teaching of all subjects. It also calls for strong measures to end school violence in Rwandan schools by equipping teachers for positive management of learners’ behaviours.
AVALIAÇÃO DA INCIDÊNCIA DE SÍFILIS GESTACIONAL NA CIDADE DE CASCAVEL-PR NOS ÚLTIMOS 10 ANOS
Authors: Leczko Mariana Tomasetto , Rymsza Taciana , Bradacz Gustavo Massochin , Tomasetto Marcos Antonio , Micheletto Lara Canato , Darwiche Gabriela
Published: January 2024

A Sífilis é uma das infecções congênitas mais comuns no mundo e, se não tratada, ocasiona consequências severas para mãe e para o feto. Seu número vem aumentando ano após ano no Brasil, por isso o reconhecimento de uma assistência adequada no pré-natal e tratamento assertivo precisa ser uma prioridade. As gestantes devem ser testadas no início do pré-natal e no início do terceiro trimestre. A doença é dividida em estágios recente (primária, secundária e latente recente) e tardia (latente tardia e terciária) e suas manifestações clínicas dependerão do estágio. Os métodos diagnósticos podem ser divididos em exames diretos e testes imunológicos (treponêmicos e não treponêmicos). O tratamento é feito com a medicação Penicilina Benzatina, por esta ser capaz de prevenir a transmissão vertical. A Sífilis Gestacional pode envolver uma série de complicações para o feto e também para crianças infectadas nascidas com o vírus por transmissão vertical. Nesse sentido, esse é um estudo observacional analítico transversal, com coleta de dados quantitativos e qualitativos em fichas de notificação compulsória disponíveis na Secretaria de Saúde do Município de Cascavel-PR, com o objetivo de avaliar a incidência de Sífilis Gestacional na cidade de Cascavel PR nos anos de 2013 a 2022. Houve predomínio em gestantes de 22 a 33 anos, brancas, com ensino médio completo, diagnosticadas no 1.º trimestre da gestação e com a titulação de 1:16 no momento do diagnóstico. Concluiu-se que a doença está em uma crescente nessa região, sendo um valor de 24% quando comparado de 2013 a 2022. Nesse trabalho também observou-se que estão sendo feitas as 3 doses de penicilina benzatina para sífilis primária, secundária ou latente recente, onde só haveria necessidade de 2.400.000UI (1.200.000UI em cada glúteo) dose única. A partir dos dados obtidos foi possível analisar o manejo dos médicos no pré-natal dessas gestantes, visto que esses estão realizando a identificação precoce da doença, porém com a falha no tratamento desnecessário das doses.
Effect of water quality on causes of calf mortality in cattle-farm-associated epidemics
Authors: Kamal Mohammed A. , Khalf Mahmoud A. , Ahmed Zakia A. M. , Eljakee Jakeen A. , Alhotan Rashed A. , Al-Badwi Mohammed A. A. , Hussein Elsayed O. , Galik Branislav , Saleh Ahmed A.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Poor-quality drinking water plays a detrimental role in the suppression of calf immunity, giving rise to an increased rate of calf mortality. The present study aims to evaluate the causes of calf mortality in beef and dairy farms in relation to drinking water quality (DWQ). A convenience sample of 132 Egyptian cattle farms suffering from emerging epidemics was surveyed by collecting drinking water samples for physicochemical and microbial analysis and using a questionnaire to record hygienic risk factors affecting calf health. Statistical analysis correlates water parameters with rates of calf diarrhea, respiratory problems, severe depression, sudden death and mortality. High percentages of water sample quality parameters, e.g. pH, total dissolved solids (TDSs), hardness, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, total colony count (TCC) and total coliform count (TCFC), are above permissible limits. Water parameters, except pH, show a significant moderate positive correlation with causes of calf mortality (ρ 0.331–0.66) in winter and summer. Each cause of calf mortality was predicted by a specific water parameter, and the water nitrate level was the highest predictor, with the highest values (β = 0.504–0.577), followed by the water TDS, sulfate and microbial levels. Weak to moderate correlation (ρ 0.151–0.367) was found between calf mortality causes and some hygienic risk factors such as operation type, calf housing, calf feeders, bedding type, water source, water pipe type, drinker lining and wheel dipping. We could conclude that DWQ greatly affects causes of calf mortality, but we cannot exclude some farm hygienic risk factors.
The additionality problem of ocean alkalinity enhancement
Authors: Bach Lennart Thomas
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is an emerging approach for atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR). The net climatic benefit of OAE depends on how much it can increase CO2 sequestration relative to a baseline state without OAE. This so-called “additionality” can be calculated as follows: Additionality=COAE-ΔCbaseline. So far, feasibility studies on OAE have mainly focussed on enhancing alkalinity in the oceans to stimulate CO2 sequestration (COAE); however, the primary focus has not been on how such anthropogenic alkalinity would modify the natural alkalinity cycle and associated baseline CO2 sequestration (ΔCbaseline). Here, I present incubation experiments in which materials considered for OAE (sodium hydroxide, steel slag, and olivine) are exposed to beach sand to investigate the influence of anthropogenic alkalinity on natural alkalinity sources and sinks. The experiments show that anthropogenic alkalinity can strongly reduce the generation of natural alkalinity, thereby reducing additionality. This is because the anthropogenic alkalinity increases the calcium carbonate saturation state, which reduces the dissolution of calcium carbonate from sand, a natural alkalinity source. I argue that this “additionality problem” of OAE is potentially widespread and applies to many marine systems where OAE implementation is considered – far beyond the beach scenario investigated in this study. However, the problem can potentially be mitigated by dilute dosing of anthropogenic alkalinity into the ocean environment and the avoidance of OAE in natural alkalinity cycling hotspots, such as in marine sediments. Understanding a potential slowdown of the natural alkalinity cycle through the introduction of an anthropogenic alkalinity cycle will be crucial for the assessment of OAE.
Deglacial export of pre-aged terrigenous carbon to the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Queiroz Alves Eduardo , Wong Wanyee , Hefter Jens , Grotheer Hendrik , Tesi Tommaso , Gentz Torben , Zonneveld Karin , Mollenhauer Gesine
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The last deglaciation is the most recent relatively well-documented period of pronounced and fast climate warming, and, as such, it holds important information for our understanding of the climate system. Notably, while research into terrestrial organic carbon reservoirs has been instrumental in exploring the possible sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide during periods of rapid change, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we investigate the mobilization of organic matter to the Bay of Biscay, located in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean off the coasts of France and Spain. Specifically, we focus on the area that was the mouth of the Channel River during the last deglaciation, where an enhanced terrigenous input has been reported for the last glacial–interglacial transition. We conducted a comprehensive suite of biomarker analyses (e.g. n-alkanes, hopanes and n-alkanoic acids) and isotopic investigations (radiocarbon dating and δ13C measurements) on a high-resolution sedimentary archive. The present study provides the first direct evidence for the fluvial supply of immature and ancient terrestrial organic matter to the core location. Moreover, our results reveal the possibility of permafrost carbon export to the ocean, driven by processes such as deglacial warming and glacial erosion. These findings are consistent with observations from other regions characterized by present or past permafrost conditions on land, which have shown that permafrost thaw and glacial erosion can lead to carbon remobilization, potentially influencing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.