bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet light scattering scanning flow cytometry in the characterization of submicron microparticles
Authors: Strokotov Dmitry I. , Nekrasov Vyacheslav M. , Gilev Konstantin V. , Karpenko Andrey A. , Maltsev Valeri P.
Published: June 2023

Ultraviolet lasers are commonly used in flow cytometry to excite fluorochrome molecules with subsequent measurement of the specific fluorescence of individual cells. In this study, the performance of the ultraviolet light scattering (UVLS) in the analysis of individual particles with flow cytometry has been demonstrated for the first time. The main advantage of the UVLS relates to the improvement of the analysis of submicron particles due to the strong dependence of the scattering efficiency on the wavelength of the incident light. In this work, submicron particles were analyzed using a scanning flow cytometer (SFC) that allows measurements of light scattering in an angle‐resolved regime. The measured light‐scattering profiles of individual particles were utilized in solution of the inverse light‐scattering problem to retrieve the particle characteristics using a global optimization. The standard polystyrene microspheres were successfully characterized from the analysis of UVLS which provided the size and refractive index (RI) of individual beads. We believe that the main application of UVLS relates to the analysis of microparticles in a serum, in particular in the analysis of chylomicrons (CMs). We have demonstrated the performance of the UVLS SFC in the analysis of CMs of a donor. The RI versus size scatterplot of CMs was successfully retrieved from the analysis. The current set‐up of the SFC has allowed us to characterize individual CMs starting from the size of 160 nm that provides determination of the CM concentration in a serum with flow cytometry. This feature of the UVLS should help with the analysis of lipid metabolism measuring RI and size map evolution after lipase action.
Reforestation of high elevation pines: Direct seeding success depends on seed source and sowing environment
Authors: Hankin Lacey E. , Leger Elizabeth A. , Bisbing Sarah M.
Published: June 2023

Forest persistence in regions impacted by increasing water and temperature stress will depend upon species' ability to either rapidly adjust to novel conditions or migrate to track ecological niches. Predicted, rapid climate change is likely to outpace the adaptive and migratory capacity of long‐lived isolated tree species, and reforestation may be critical to species' persistence. Facilitating persistence both within and beyond a species' range requires identification of seed lots best adapted to the current and future conditions predicted with rapid climate change. We evaluate variation in emergent seedling performance that leads to differential survival among species and populations for three high elevation five‐needle pines. We paired a fully reciprocal field common garden experiment with a greenhouse common garden study to (1) quantify variation in seedling emergence and functional traits, (2) ask how functional traits affect performance under different establishment conditions, and (3) evaluate whether trait and performance variation demonstrates local adaptation and plasticity. Among study species—limber, Great Basin bristlecone, and whitebark pines—we found divergence in emergence and functional traits, though soil moisture was the strongest driver of seedling emergence and abundance across all species. Generalist limber pine had a clear emergence advantage as well as traits associated with drought adaptation, while edaphic specialist bristlecone pine was characterized by low emergence yet high early survival once established. Despite evidence for edaphic specialization, soil characteristics alone did not explain bristlecone success. Across species, trait‐environment relationships provided some evidence for local adaptation in drought‐adapted traits, but we found no evidence of local adaptation in emergence or survival at this early life stage. For managers looking to promote persistence, sourcing seed from drier environments is likely to impart greater drought resistance into reforestation efforts through strategies such as greater root investment, increasing the probability of early seedling survival. This research demonstrates, through a rigorous reciprocal transplant experimental design, that it may be possible to select climate‐ and soil‐appropriate seed sources for reforestation. However, planting success will ultimately rely on a suitable establishment environment, requiring careful consideration of interannual climate variability for management interventions in these climate and disturbance‐impacted tree species.
The aflatoxin B1‐induced imidazole ring‐opened guanine adduct: High mutagenic potential that is minimally affected by sequence context
Authors: Minko Irina G. , Kellum Andrew H. , Stone Michael P. , Lloyd R. Stephen
Published: June 2023

Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a recognized risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. The mutational signature of AFB1 is characterized by high‐frequency base substitutions, predominantly G>T transversions, in a limited subset of trinucleotide sequences. The 8,9‐dihydro‐8‐(2,6‐diamino‐4‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydropyrimid‐5‐yl‐formamido)‐9‐hydroxyaflatoxin B1 (AFB1‐FapyGua) has been implicated as the primary DNA lesion responsible for AFB1‐induced mutations. This study evaluated the mutagenic potential of AFB1‐FapyGua in four sequence contexts, including hot‐ and cold‐spot sequences as apparent in the mutational signature. Vectors containing site‐specific AFB1‐FapyGua lesions were replicated in primate cells and the products of replication were isolated and sequenced. Consistent with the role of AFB1‐FapyGua in AFB1‐induced mutagenesis, AFB1‐FapyGua was highly mutagenic in all four sequence contexts, causing G>T transversions and other base substitutions at frequencies of ~80%–90%. These data suggest that the unique mutational signature of AFB1 is not explained by sequence‐dependent fidelity of replication past AFB1‐FapyGua lesions.
Computational optimization of engine emissions and performance of a CI engine powered with biogas and NiO nanoparticles doped diesel
Authors: Lalhriatpuia S. , Pal Amit
Published: June 2023

To counter the concern of the future availability of fossil fuel due to ever‐increasing energy demand and the emission generated due to its utilization, alternative renewable fuels, such as biogas and fuel additives in the form of nanoparticles emerge as viable alternative fuels. To date, no research has been carried out on the optimization of the co‐addition rate of nanoparticles and biogas. In this study, engine load (0.7–3.5 kW), Nickel oxide (NiO) Nanoparticles doped rate (NDR, 0–50 ppm), and Biogas Flow Rate (BFR, 0.5–1 kg/h) were selected as independent input variables to optimize compression ignition (CI) engine emission and performance outputs through the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. The F‐value of the RSM model indicates that the engine load variable has the greatest impact on engine output responses, with the BFR and NDR variables following in importance. At 2.54 kW engine load, 47.48 ppm NDR, and 0.747 kg/h BFR, the best engine output response was seen when the RSM model including the desirability function was optimized. Based on the optimization results, an assertion can be made that the use of nanoparticles in conjunction with biogas has a substantial impact on the emissions and efficiency of CI engines.
The clinical phenotype of germline RUNX1 mutations in relation to the accompanying somatic variants and RUNX1 isoform expression
Authors: Cabrerizo Granados David , Barbosa Indira , Baliakas Panagiotis , Hellström‐Lindberg Eva , Lundin Vanessa
Published: June 2023

Germline RUNX1 mutations lead to familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancy (FPDMM), characterized by thrombocytopenia, abnormal bleeding, and an elevated risk of developing myelodysplastic neoplasia (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at young age. However, it is not known why or how germline carriers of RUNX1 mutations have a particular propensity to develop myeloid hematologic malignancies, but the acquisition and composition of somatic mutations are believed to initiate and determine disease progression. We present a novel family pedigree that shares a common germline RUNX1R204* variant and exhibits a spectrum of somatic mutations and related myeloid malignancies (MM). RUNX1 mutations are associated with inferior clinical outcome; however, the proband of this family developed MDS with ring sideroblasts (MDS‐RS), classified as a low‐risk MDS subgroup. His relatively indolent clinical course is likely due to a specific somatic mutation in the SF3B1 gene. While the three main RUNX1 isoforms have been ascribed various roles in normal hematopoiesis, they are now being increasingly recognized as involved in myeloid disease. We investigated the RUNX1 transcript isoform patterns in the proband and his sister, who carries the same germline RUNX1R204* variant, and has FPDMM but no MM. We demonstrate a RUNX1a increase in MDS‐RS, as previously reported in MM. Interestingly, we identify a striking unbalance of RUNX1b and ‐c in FPDMM. In conclusion, this report reinforces the relevance of somatic variants on the clinical phenotypic heterogeneity in families with germline RUNX1 deficiency and investigates a potential new role for RUNX1 isoform disequilibrium as a mechanism for development of MM.
Cellular immunity in the era of modern multiple myeloma therapy
Authors: Liu Zhaoyun , Zhao Xianghong , Shen Hongli , Liu Xiaohan , Xu Xintong , Fu Rong
Published: June 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a relapsing clonal plasma cell malignancy and incurable thus far. With the increasing understanding of myeloma, highlighting the critical importance of the immune system in the pathogenesis of MM is essential. The immune changes in MM patients after treatment are associated with prognosis. In this review, we summarize currently available MM therapies and discuss how they affect cellular immunity. We find that the modern anti‐MM treatments enhance antitumour immune responses. A deeper understanding of the therapeutic activity of individual drugs offers more effective treatment approaches that enhance the beneficial immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, we show that the immune changes after treatment in MM patients can provide useful prognostic marker. Analysing cellular immune responses offers new perspectives for evaluating clinical data and making comprehensive predictions for applying novel therapies in MM patients.
Validation of an automatic software in assessing fetal brain volume from three dimensional ultrasonographic volumes: Comparison with manual analysis
Authors: Lu Jia Li Angela , Resta Serena , Marra Maria Chiara , Patelli Chiara , Stefanachi Vitaliana , Rizzo Giuseppe
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study was aimed to test the agreement between a manual and an automatic technique in measuring fetal brain volume (FBV) from three‐dimensional (3D) fetal head datasets.

Methods

FBV were acquired independently by two operators from low risk singleton pregnancies at a gestational age between 19 and 34 weeks. FBV measurements were obtained using an automatic software (Smart ICV™) and manually by Virtual Organ Computer‐aided AnaLysis (VOCAL™). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to assess reliability, while bias and agreement were evaluate by examining Bland–Altman plots. The time spent in measuring volumes was calculated and values obtained compared.

Results

Sixty‐three volumes were considered for the study. In all the included volumes successful volume analysis were obtained with both techniques. Smart ICV™ showed a high intra‐observer (0.996; 95% CI 0.994–0.998) and inter‐observer (ICC 0.995; 95% CI 0.991–0.997). An excellent degree of reliability was found when the two techniques were compared (ICC 0.995; 95% CI 0.987–0.998). The time required to perform FBV was significantly lower for Smart ICV™ than VOCAL™ (8.2 ± 4.5 vs. 121.3 ± 19.0 s; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The measurement of FBV is feasible with both manual and automatic techniques. Smart ICV™ showed an excellent intra‐ and inter‐observer reliability associated with a valuable agreement with volume measurements obtained manually with VOCAL™. Volumes may be measured significantly faster with smart ICV™ than manually and this automatic software has the potential to become the preferred methods for the assessment of FBV.
Synthesis of anthracene linked polycyclic pyridine derivatives fused with coumarin and pyrazole by one‐pot multicomponent strategy followed by oxidation
Authors: Mehar Aatka , Parvin Tasneem
Published: June 2023

A simple, metal‐free, and effective methodology has been developed for the synthesis of coumarin and pyrazole‐fused polycyclic pyridine derivatives. This synthesis was achieved in two steps. In the first step, polycyclic fused dihydropyridine derivatives were synthesized by a one‐pot three‐component reaction of 9‐anthracene carboxaldehyde/2‐naphthaldehyde, 4‐hydroxycoumarin, and 3‐amino pyrazole in acetonitrile using a catalytic amount of p‐TSA under reflux conditions. Then, these synthesized products were further oxidized into their corresponding pyridine derivatives using 10 mol% of molecular iodine as a catalyst in DMSO at 100°C. Metal‐free reaction conditions, good yields, simple purification process, operational simplicity, and inclusion of more than one bioactive moiety such as coumarin, pyrazole, pyridine, and anthracene/naphthalene in the product are the distinguishing features of this methodology.
Checklists and consistency of care after resuscitation from in‐hospital cardiac arrest: A pilot study
Authors: Raikhel Andrew V. , Carlbom David J. , Ferraro Stephen , Schulte Vera , Johnson Nicholas J. , Town James A.
Published: June 2023

Background

In‐hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) with the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is a clinical scenario associated with potentially devastating outcomes.

Objective

Inconsistencies in post‐ROSC care exist and we sought to find a low cost way to decrease this variability.

Designs, Settings, and Participants

We obtained pre and post intervention metrics including percentage of IHCA with a timely electrocardiogram (ECG), arterial blood gas (ABG), physician documentation, and documentation of patient surrogate communication after ROSC.

Intervention

We developed and implemented a post‐ROSC checklist for IHCA and measured post‐ROSC clinical care delivery metrics at our hospital during a 1‐year pilot period.

Main Outcome and Results

After the introduction of the checklist, 83.7% of IHCA had an ECG within 1 h of ROSC, compared to a baseline of 62.8% (p = 0.01). The rate of physician documentation within 6 h of ROSC was 74.4% after introduction of the checklist, compared to a baseline of 49.5% (p < 0.01). The percentage of IHCA with ROSC that completed all four of the critical post‐ROSC tasks after the introduction of the post‐ROSC checklist was 51.1% as compared to 19.4% before implementation (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated improved consistency in completing post‐ROSC clinical tasks after the introduction of a post‐ROSC checklist to our hospital. This work suggests that the implementation of a checklist can have meaningful impacts on task completion in the post‐ROSC setting. Despite this, considerable inconsistencies in post‐ROSC care persisted after the intervention indicating the limits of checklists in this setting. Future work is needed to identify interventions that can further improve post‐ROSC processes of care.
Surgical Fires Involving Alcohol‐Based Preparation Solution, 1991–2020
Authors: Sunkara Pranit R. , Grauer Jordan S. , John Jithin , Jones Edward L. , Roy Soham , Cramer John D.
Published: June 2023

Background

Alcohol‐based skin preparations were first approved for surgical use in 1998 and have since become standard in most surgical fields. The purpose of this report is to examine incidence of surgical fires because of alcohol‐based skin preparation and to understand how approval and regulation of alcohol‐based skin preparations impacted trends in fires over time.

Methods

We identified all reported surgical fires resulting in patient or staff harm from 1991 through 2020 reported to the Food and Drug Administration's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database. We examined incidence of fires because of these preparations, trends after approval and regulation, and common causes.

Results

We identified 674 reports of surgical fires resulting in harm to patients and surgical personnel, in which 84 involved an alcohol‐based preparation. The time‐adjusted model shows that from 1996 through 2006, there was a 26.4% increase in fires followed by a 9.7% decrease from 2007 to 2020. The decrease in fires was most rapid for head and neck and upper aerodigestive tract surgeries. Qualitative content analysis revealed improper surgical site preparation as well as close proximity of surgical sites to an oxygen source as the most common causes of fires.

Conclusion

Since FDA approval, alcohol‐based preparation solutions have been associated with a significant percentage of surgical fires. Warning label updates from 2006 to 2012 coupled with increased awareness efforts of associated risks of alcohol‐based surgical solutions likely contributed to the decrease in fires. Improper surgical site preparation technique and close proximity of surgical sites to oxygen continue to be risk factors for fires.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:607–613, 2024
Impact of individual factors and personality trait on psychological problems of family members living with staff of a COVID‐19 frontline hospital: A cross‐sectional self‐administered anonymous questionnaire survey
Authors: Uenishi Shinya , Buyo Momoko , Sato Seiji , Kojitani Hiroko , Odachi Ryo , Matsuoka Toshiko , Okuda Yuka , Kimoto Sohei , Hironishi Masaya , Takahashi Shun
Published: June 2023

Aim

This study aims to evaluate the association between individual factors/personality traits and depression and anxiety in family members living with staff working on the frontline of COVID‐19 care.

Methods

The subjects were family members over the age of 15 years living with staff members of a COVID‐19 frontline hospital. Between March 27 and April 11, 2021, 204 self‐administered anonymous questionnaires were distributed, and 149 responses were received. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Personality trait was assessed using the Big Five personality traits, and fear of COVID‐19 was assessed using the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale. We examined associations between HADS depression or anxiety scores with individual background factors, scores of Big Five personality traits, and Fear of COVID‐19 Scale.

Results

The participants with anxiety had significantly higher scores for neuroticism and for the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale. The participants with depression had significantly lower scores for extraversion and higher scores for the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale. No individual background factors were significantly associated with HADS depression or anxiety scores.

Conclusion

Among family members of staff of a COVID‐19 frontline hospital, lower extraversion, higher neuroticism, and fear of COVID‐19 were associated with anxiety and depression. This questionnaire survey was conducted before wide‐spread rollout of COVID‐19 vaccination, so the findings of this study are expected to be applicable to other future novel infectious outbreaks.
Thermal and thermomechanical properties of rolivsan unsaturated resins co‐cured with bisphenol A dicyanate
Authors: Zaitsev Boris A. , Kleptsova Larisa G. , Shvabskaya Irina D.
Published: June 2023

The present work discusses the experimental verification of the efficiency of a new method of chemical modification of thermosetting resins. The method is based on the use of (nano)micron‐sized interlayers that appear between densely crosslinked grains of a glassy network polymer during three‐dimensional radical polymerization of unsaturated monomers (oligomers). These interlayers act as self‐contained microreactors, into which different polyfunctional compounds can be introduced for carrying out the desired chemical reactions. Thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate the influence of regimes of thermocatalytic co‐curing of rolivsan unsaturated resins (ROLs) with bisphenol A dicyanate (BADCy) on thermal and thermomechanical properties of the obtained crosslinked polymers. It was found that the cured ROL/BADCy blends with high (25–50 wt%) content of the BADCy component had less favorable thermal and mechanical parameters than the cured neat ROL. When the BADCy component of a ROL/BADCy blend played the role of a polyfunctional (modifying) additive (5–7.5 wt%) that migrated into “microreactors” and entered into ter‐molecular and other reactions, the final cross‐linked ROL‐BADCy blends had better high‐temperature strength, higher stability against thermo‐oxidative and hydrolytic destruction than the individual components (i.e., the cured neat ROL and the cured neat BADCy). As the chemical structure may comprise two networks covalently bound to each other, they can be considered as block copolymers. The obtained results confirm the efficiency of the proposed method of chemical modification of unsaturated thermosetting resins, such as ROLs.
Antimicrobial plastic films against SARS‐COV‐2 and pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Guerra José Wellington Vasconcelos , de Cerqueira Grazielle Rozendo , de Aguiar Maurício Fonsêca , da Silva Giselly Alves , do Nascimento Jessica Catarine Frutuoso , Guedes Duschinka Ribeiro Duarte , Ayres Constância Flávia Junqueira , Pena Lindomar José , Vinhas Glória Maria , de Almeida Yêda Medeiros Bastos , Morelli Carolina Lipparelli
Published: June 2023

Polymeric films are used in numerous applications in the biomedical area. The incorporation of antimicrobial agents into these materials can prevent their surface from acting as a source of contamination of viruses and bacteria. In the present work, cinnamon and eucalyptus essential oils were incorporated into low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) by melt extrusion, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. For the success of incorporation, talc was used as an oil carrier and fixer. Despite high processing temperatures used (up to 175°C), the oleophilic character of talc was able to minimize oil losses, as proven by thermogravimetry. Good thermal and mechanical properties evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and tensile tests were confirmed. In addition, antimicrobial tests confirmed film activity against virus SARS‐CoV‐2 and bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. LDPE films incorporated with both oils showed significant antiviral properties against SARS‐CoV‐2, with viral titers reduction between 95.89% and 100%. Cinnamon oil showed more efficient antibacterial properties than eucalyptus oil, with relative bacterial growths of films next to zero (0.37% for E. coli and 2.07% for S. aureus). To the best of our knowledge, no previous work has developed plastic films incorporated with essential oils with confirmed antiviral properties against SARS‐CoV‐2.
Building design and selection for protection of critical assets
Authors: Vilas Karen R. , Mander Thomas J.
Published: June 2023

Mission Critical Buildings (MCB) are buildings that must remain operational in the event of a crisis to minimize risks due to asset damage, business interruption, and personnel impact. MCBs in processing facilities face operational hazards including explosions, fragments, fires, and toxic events. In the CSB's investigation report of the Philadelphia Energy Solutions Refinery incident, a recommendation was included for the API to update its standard to “require protection of critical safeguards and associated control system components from fire and explosion hazards, including radiant heat and flying projectiles.” This recommendation, if implemented, would require facilities to ensure MCBs are Multi‐hazard Resistant Buildings (MRBs) able to withstand a range of potential impacts. This paper details the key design characteristics of MRBs to protect critical assets in industrial processing facilities such as critical safeguards and control systems; emergency response equipment; people critical to operations and emergency response; or people located in buildings near processing units. Key concepts of protective building design are introduced, including the response of different building materials to hazards common in processing facilities. These concepts are then examined to illustrate how building response translates to human and equipment vulnerability.
Global adaptive stabilization via more efficient event‐triggered feedback for uncertain nonlinear systems
Authors: Huang Yaxin , Liu Yungang
Published: June 2023

This paper typically concerns more efficient event‐triggered implementation, and specifically establishes an adaptive event‐triggered framework to achieve global stabilization for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems while reducing both sensor‐to‐controller and controller‐to‐actuator communication (rather than only one‐side communication). First, a novel switching event‐triggering mechanism is proposed to determine when to transmit information and adjust parameters. Particularly, with the switching varying mechanism incorporated, not only large uncertainties (whose bounds are unknown) but also inherent nonlinearities can be effectively dealt with. Then, a linear simple controller, rather than a complicated nonlinear one as in the related literature, is designed based on the switching event‐triggering mechanism. It turns out that the closed‐loop system states converge to zero while no infinitely fast sampling/execution or infinite switchings occur. Notably, just owing to the linearity of controller function, the controller signal is kept from entering the event‐triggering mechanism, which enables the sensor‐to‐controller event‐triggered communication. Besides, by strengthening the switching varying mechanism, an explicit pre‐evaluation is derived for the lower bound of inter‐execution intervals, in order to ensure moderate communication rates for reliable implementation of the event‐triggered controller.
Robust data‐driven iterative learning control for nonlinear cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Shi Tao , Che Wei‐Wei
Published: June 2023

This article mainly studies the problem of the robust security iterative learning control for nonlinear cyber‐physical systems, which suffer from external disturbances and denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. First, the nonlinear system can be transformed into an iterative linear data model, which is only used for the controller parameter design and the stability analysis without the physical meaning. Then, an extended state observer is introduced to estimate external disturbances along the iteration axis. At the same time, considering the influence of DoS attacks, an attack compensation mechanism is designed for DoS attacks along the iteration axis. In addition, an iterative‐varying penalty is designed to accelerate the convergence of the tracking error. Further, the mathematical induction is used to decouple the control input from the tracking error and the compression mapping principle is utilized to prove that the tracking error is ultimately bounded under the influence of disturbances and DoS attacks. Finally, the main results are verified by the motor simulation.
Does stress induction affect cognitive performance or avoidance of cognitive effort?
Authors: Picciotto Giulia , Fabio Rosa Angela
Published: June 2023

Previous research has shown that acute psychosocial stress impairs cognitive abilities, but recent studies suggest that this may be due to a decrease in willingness to engage in cognitive effort rather than a direct effect on performance. The aim of the present study was to replicate this last research and verify the influence of acute stress on avoidance of cognitive effort and cognitive performance. Fifty young, healthy individuals (26 females, 24 males) aged between 18 and 40 years were randomly assigned to two groups: a stress condition and a control condition. We used a Demand Selection Task paradigm (DST), in which participants chose between performing tasks that required either high or low cognitive effort. Stress was induced through the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and measured with both subjective and psychophysiological measurements. The results indicated that acute stress significantly increased participants' preference for less demanding behaviors, while no significant alterations in cognitive performance in task change activities were found. This study offers new perspectives on how stress affects behavior and decision‐making in everyday life.
Recent progress on near‐infrared fluorescence heptamethine cyanine dye‐based molecules and nanoparticles for tumor imaging and treatment
Authors: Qiu Yue , Yuan Bo , Cao Yi , He Xuelu , Akakuru Ozioma Udochukwu , Lu Liheng , Chen Nengwen , Xu Mengting , Wu Aiguo , Li Juan
Published: June 2023

Recenly, near‐infrared fluorescence heptamethine cyanine dyes have shown satisfactory values in bioengineering, biology, and pharmacy especially in cancer diagnosis and treatment, owing to their excellent fluorescence property and biocompatibility. In order to achieve broad application prospects, diverse structures, and chemical properties of heptamethine cyanine dyes have been designed to develop novel functional molecules and nanoparticles over the past decade. For fluorescence and photoacoustic tumor imaging properties, heptamethine cyanine dyes are equipped with good photothermal performance and reactive oxygen species production properties under near‐infrared light irradiation, thus holding great promise in photodynamic and/or photothermal cancer therapies. This review offers a comprehensive scope of the structures, comparisons, and applications of heptamethine cyanine dyes‐based molecules as well as nanoparticles in tumor treatment and imaging in current years. Therefore, this review may drive the development and innovation of heptamethine cyanine dyes, significantly offering opportunities for improving tumor imaging and treatment in a precise noninvasive manner.

This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Effect of diffusion‐thermo on a mixed convective heat and mass transfer magnetohydrodynamic flow through a vertical porous plate including radiation absorption
Authors: Bormudoi Mridusmita , Ahmed Nazibuddin
Published: June 2023

The effect of Dufour on a magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) mixed convection in the presence of radiation absorption and heat sink is performed in this work. The dimensional governing equations involved here are transferred to non‐dimensional form and then solved using perturbation technique. The changes due to the effect of several relevant parameters on the velocity field temperature field and concentration field are graphically displayed. The rates of momentum transfer, heat transfer and mass transfer are also analyzed and their influence due to the related parameters are visualized graphically. Rise in Dufour parameter enhances the fluid velocity and fluid temperature. Also, the heat sink parameter lowers the fluid velocity and temperature. The chemical reactions cause a fall in the fluid's velocity, temperature and concentration.
The Senses & the Sacred: A Multisensory and Digital Approach to Examining an Ancient Egyptian Funerary Landscape
Authors: Sullivan Elaine A.
Published: June 2023

What makes a space feel sacred? How did ancient people create a physical and emotional ‘sense’ of specialness or distinction in their ritual places? The ancient Egyptians created at least two major zones of ritualised space (demarcated from the secular parts of their cities and towns), the temple and the cemetery. While scholars have addressed the multisensory techniques utilised by kings and priests to craft the temple precinct into a sacred landscape, the sensory experience of the necropolis remains undertheorized. This gap results from the challenge of comprehending the vast funerary landscapes that have experienced dramatic change since ancient times, changes which have obscured ancient ground level and pathways as well as dramatically altered the appearance of monumental tomb architecture. In this chapter, I combine textual, art historical, and archaeological evidence for the sounds, smells, and visual experiences of ancient people at an Egyptian necropolis with 3D GIS technologies that attempt to virtually represent ancient ritual spaces in their form during the Pharaonic Period. The necropolis of Saqqara, bordering the administrative centre Memphis and one of Egypt’s oldest elite burial grounds, is used as a case study to explore the ancient Egyptian funerary landscape from a multisensory perspective.
Sailing Along the Coast of North Etruria: Ancient Perceptions Versus Multidisciplinary Coastal Landscape Studies
Authors: Pasquinucci Marinella , Landeschi Giacomo
Published: June 2023

Aim of this contribution is to demonstrate how digital methods, in combination with traditional sources, can effectively contribute to reconstruct a narrative of the past based on a sensory account of a few coastal landscapes in Northwestern Etruria as they were perceived and described by ancient authors. A few passages by Strabo (Geogr. 5.2.5, 222C, Augustan period) and Rutilius Namatianus (de reditu suo, early fifth-century CE) are examined, in order to understand how these authors perceived, either through previous sources or by autopsy, the river network and some coastal landscapes in Northwestern Etruria. The study of these passages is compared with the output of recent integrated research in the same districts described by the ancient authors. Areas of particular interest have been selected, for which landscape archaeology provides evidence of their long-term history, based on integrated palaeogeographic, historical and archaeological research including geomorphologic and palaeoenvironmental changes, exploitation of natural resources, urban forms, type and distribution of settlements. As for Strabo and Claudius Rutilius Namatianus, both authors relayed on their personal experience and on previous writers, but certainly chose to describe specific aspects characterising our case-study areas. In the frame of different literary genres, they provide descriptions based on their perceptions and also on their culture.
Gender and Crime in Croatia: Female Criminality in Context
Authors: Kalac Anna-Maria Getoš , Bezić Reana
Published: June 2023

This chapter provides an in-depth criminological analysis of crime (trends) in Croatia with a primary focus on female criminality, as well as society’s (normative) reactions towards it. In order to understand female criminality, one needs to contextualise its basic phenomenological features and probable causes within the broader Croatian social context, including demographic, normative in addition to historical and cultural features. This task is tackled in the chapter’s introductory section, followed by an overview of core phenomenological features of Croatian overall criminality, which provides the chapter’s criminologically relevant context in which female criminality is embedded. Global crime trends clearly show that the gender gap is steadily shrinking, which is also noticeable in Croatia, where the share of females reported for having committed a criminal offence has almost doubled in the past two decades. However, such an increase is not proportionally reflected when it comes to accused and convicted females. Whether this mismatch is a consequence of the specific types of crime females commit or whether it reflects a more lenient prosecutorial and judicial approach towards them is just one of many intriguing questions about the hows and potential whys of female criminality in Croatia.
Social Structure as an Articulated Whole
Authors: Kortesoja Matti
Published: June 2023

In reference to the structure of society as understood in classical sociology, structuralism brought into fashion a concept wherein society is an edifice whose upper stories rest on its foundation. Althusser adapted this topographical image of society, moulding it in the structural-Marxist vocabulary of base and superstructure, to portray the organisation of the various levels of that social formation as ‘the articulation of the limbs of the social system’. Althusser initiated a discussion of how social relations may be grasped in terms of articulation, wherein a social formation is structured of dominance and subordination. When doing so, he criticised idealist and humanist interpretations of Marx for not taking into account Marx’s relational depiction of the social structure as a ‘complex articulated whole’. He likewise took economist readings to task for reducing contradictions to the sphere of production. Althusser’s intent was to attend to frequently neglected caveats in Marxism and its critique. There is much to tease apart here, so let us begin our consideration with the anatomicalmetaphors for the structure of society.
Social Action as Language
Authors: Kortesoja Matti
Published: June 2023

Structuralists considered language to be a system of differences that overdetermines the action of individuals in such a manner that subjects are thereby constituted unconsciously. Deconstruction of the structural-Marxist or Althusserian paradigm, in turn, has considered social change in terms of the struggle for hegemony by also taking input from psychoanalysis. The latter project developed into discourse theory and political analysis in the tradition of the Essex school. In that school’s stream of post-Marxistrelational thought, discursive practices came to the fore. Its discussion builds on Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory, wherein articulation is political practice that occurs in a discursive field of social action in a struggle for hegemony. Post-Marxist discourse theory functions as a way of ‘politicising’ against the reductionist forms of Marxist theory and political practice, but it does operate with some Althusserian categories passed down from Lenin and Freud, such as contradictions and overdetermination. Hence, the argument is that social and political actors operate in a domain of articulation, relationally, as a language does.
Ausgeforscht? Zeitgeschichte und juristische Ahndung von NS-Verbrechen
Authors: Hördler Stefan
Published: June 2023

Der vorliegende Beitrag geht dem Wechselverhältnis zwischen Zeitgeschichte und juritsischer Aufarbeitung von NS-Verbrechen nach. – Welchen geschichtswissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisgewinn können wir aus der juristischen Auseinandersetzung mit den konkreten Gewalt- und Handlungsräumen der Beschuldigten der letzten Dekade ziehen?
Venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis in geriatric trauma patients with isolated severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Condon Freeman , Grigorian Areg , Russell Dylan , Demetriades Demetrios
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMWH) has been shown to be associated with a decreased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and mortality compared to unfractionated heparin (UH) in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to see if this association persists among a subset of patients, namely elderly patients with isolated TBI.

Methods

This Trauma Quality Improvement Project (TQIP) database study included patients ≥ 65 years old with severe TBI (Abbreviated injury score [AIS] ≥ 3) that received either LMWH or UH for VTE prophylaxis. Patients with associated severe injuries (extracranial AIS ≥ 3), transferals, deaths < 72-h, hospitalization < 2 days, VTE chemoprophylaxis other than UH or LMWH, or with a history of bleeding diathesis were excluded. The association between VTE, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE) with VTE chemoprophylaxis was analyzed with multivariable analysis, subset analyses of different grades of AIS-head injury, and a 1:1 matched LWMH:UH cohort of patients.

Results

Out of 14,926 patients, 11,036 (73.9%) received LMWH. Multivariate analysis showed that patients receiving LMWH had a decreased risk of mortality (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67–0.97, p < 0.001) but a similar risk of VTE (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.63–1.08). Analysis according to head-AIS showed that LMWH was associated with a decreased risk of PE in patients AIS-3 but not in AIS 4 or 5. In a 1:1 matched cohort of LMWH:UH patients, the risk of PE, DVT and VTE were all similar but LMWH continued to be associated with a decreased risk of mortality (OR 0.81, CI 0.67–0.97, p = 0.023).

Conclusion

LMWH was associated with a decreased risk of overall mortality and reduced risk of PE compared to UH among geriatric patients with a severe head injury.
Why do Integrated Maternal HIV and Infant Healthcare Services work? A Secondary Analysis of a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Africa
Authors: Brittain Kirsty , Brown Karryn , Phillips Tamsin , Zerbe Allison , Pellowski Jennifer , Remien Robert H. , Mellins Claude A. , Abrams Elaine J. , Myer Landon
Published: June 2023

In a randomised trial, we found that integrated maternal HIV and infant health services through the end of breastfeeding were significantly associated with the primary outcome of engagement in HIV care and viral suppression at 12 months postpartum, compared to the standard of care. Here, we quantitatively explore potential psychosocial modifiers and mediators of this association. Our findings suggest that the intervention was significantly more effective among women experiencing an unintended pregnancy but did not improve outcomes among women reporting risky alcohol use. Although not statistically significant, our results suggest that the intervention may also be more effective among women experiencing higher levels of poverty and HIV-related stigma. We observed no definitive mediator of the intervention effect, but women allocated to integrated services reported better relationships with their healthcare providers through 12 months postpartum. These findings point to high-risk groups that may benefit the most from integrated care, as well as groups for whom these benefits are hampered and that warrant further attention in intervention development and evaluation.
The CLARIN infrastructure as an interoperable language technology platform for SSH and beyond
Authors: Branco A. , Eskevich M. , Frontini F. , Hajič J. , Hinrichs E. , Jong F. de , Kamocki P. , König A. , Lindén K. , Navarretta C. , Piasecki M. , Piperidis S. , Pitkänen O. , Simov K. , Skadiņa I. , Trippel T. , Witt A. , Zinn C.
Published: June 2023

CLARIN is a European Research Infrastructure Consortium developing and providing a federated and interoperable platform to support scientists in the field of the Social Sciences and Humanities in carrying-out language-related research. This contribution provides an overview of the entire infrastructure with a particular focus on tool interoperability, ease of access to research data, tools and services, the importance of sharing knowledge within and across (national) communities, and community building. By taking into account FAIR principles from the very beginning, CLARIN succeeded in becoming a successful example of a research infrastructure that is actively used by its members. The benefits CLARIN members reap from their infrastructure secure a future for their common good that is both sustainable and attractive to partners beyond the original target groups.
Meteorological data source comparison—a case study in geospatial modeling of potential environmental exposure to abandoned uranium mine sites in the Navajo Nation
Authors: Girlamo Christopher , Lin Yan , Hoover Joseph , Beene Daniel , Woldeyohannes Theodros , Liu Zhuoming , Campen Matthew J. , MacKenzie Debra , Lewis Johnnye
Published: June 2023

Meteorological (MET) data is a crucial input for environmental exposure models. While modeling exposure potential using geospatial technology is a common practice, existing studies infrequently evaluate the impact of input MET data on the level of uncertainty on output results. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of various MET data sources on the potential exposure susceptibility predictions. Three sources of wind data are compared: The North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) database, meteorological aerodrome reports (METARs) from regional airports, and data from local MET weather stations. These data sources are used as inputs into a machine learning (ML) driven GIS Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (GIS-MCDA) geospatial model to predict potential exposure to abandoned uranium mine sites in the Navajo Nation. Results indicate significant variations in results derived from different wind data sources. After validating the results from each source using the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) database in a geographically weighted regression (GWR), METARs data combined with the local MET weather station data showed the highest accuracy, with an average R2 of 0.74. We conclude that local direct measurement-based data (METARs and MET data) produce a more accurate prediction than the other sources evaluated in the study. This study has the potential to inform future data collection methods, leading to more accurate predictions and better-informed policy decisions surrounding environmental exposure susceptibility and risk assessment.
Modified Numerals and Split Disjunction: The First-Order Case
Authors: Aloni Maria , van Ormondt Peter
Published: June 2023

We present a number of puzzles arising for the interpretation of modified numerals. Following Büring and others we assume that the main difference between comparative and superlative modifiers is that only the latter convey disjunctive meanings. We further argue that the inference patterns triggered by disjunction and superlative modifiers are hard to capture in existing semantic and pragmatic analyses of these phenomena (neo-Gricean or grammatical alike), and we propose a novel account of these inferences in the framework of bilateral state-based modal logic defining a first order extension of Aloni (Semant Pragmat 15:5-EA, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.15.5)’s .
Spirituality in Australian Health Professional Practice: A Scoping Review and Qualitative Synthesis of Findings
Authors: So Heather , Mackenzie Lynette , Chapparo Chris , Ranka Judy , McColl Mary Ann
Published: June 2023

This study explores how spirituality is integrated into practice across the different Australian health professions. Utilising the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) protocol, six databases were searched, and sixty-seven articles were finally included. To present the findings, a qualitative synthesis was used. ‘Meaning’ and ‘purpose in life’ were found to be key to many spirituality definitions. The most frequently reported approach for Australian health professionals (HPs) in asking about client spirituality was using one or two questions within a comprehensive assessment. Major facilitators included a holistic care approach and prior training, whereas a key barrier was a lack of time.