bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial steps in designing a simulation center and program to support the opening of a new women and children's hospital in Qatar
Authors: Davies Andrew , Davies Joanne
Published: January 2015

Designing and building a simulation program and center is a complex endeavor. This is considerably compounded by the simultaneous planning and construction of new hospital in which it will be house. To support the opening of a new healthcare facility in Doha, Qatar, simulation was chosen as a primary educational solution for the required onboarding of an international workforce, and to help collect data on systems to ensure processes and systems are optimal for patient safety. The following article provides a high-level overview of some of the key considerations and solutions that were made to overcome the many variables that are inherent in the planning phase of designing a center and program for a new hospital.
Caracterização do litoral central de Pernambuco (Brasil) quanto ao processo erosivo em curto e médio-termo
Authors: Mallmann Daniele Laura Bridi , De Araújo Tereza Cristina Medeiros , Droguett Enrique López
Published: January 2015

Este artigo tem por objetivo melhorar o entendimento acerca do processo erosivo em curso junto ao litoral central da Região Metropolitana do Recife em termos de espacialização do processo e escalas temporais envolvidas. Para tanto, foram analisadas variações de curto e médio-termo, além de revisados estudos anteriores, analisados indicadores de erosão e inventariados registros de danos noticiados nos principais jornais em circulação no estado. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o processo não se comporta de maneira homogênea ao longo do litoral, o qual apresenta áreas de erosão intensa e outras nas quais o processo não ocorre ou é incipiente. Tampouco sob o ponto de vista temporal a área é homogênea, apresentando segmentos com distintos comportamentos da linha de costa nas diferentes escalas temporais consideradas. Ademais, foi possível observar um importante componente antrópico atuando sobre a redução da largura da pós-praia em determinados segmentos, representado pelo avanço da ocupação sobre setores do sistema praial. Os resultados do estudo evidenciaram a necessidade de se considerar a variabilidade espaço-temporal das praias estudadas antes de qualquer intervenção e demonstraram a importância de se desenvolver programas ou ações de manejo costeiro que preconizem a manutenção/restauração dos setores do sistema praial, uma das principais demandas ambientais atuais na região.
Variação espaço-temporal das correntes de retorno em municípios da região metropolitana do Recife
Authors: Maia João Carlos B.G. , Pereira Pedro De Souza , Lessa Rosangela Paula Teixeira
Published: January 2015

Correntes de retorno são correntes por onde água retorna e flui rapidamente de maneira perpendicular a praiana direção do mar. Ocorrem em diversos tipos de praia, e são uma das maiores ameaças naturais a banhistas que são carregados por elas para águas mais profundas em pouco tempo, podendo causar afogamentos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o mapeamento espaço-temporal das correntes de retorno encontradas nas praias dos municípios de Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Jaboatão dos Guararapes e Recife do estado de Pernambuco. Para isso foram realizadas análises quali-quantitativas através de imagens aéreas oblíquas, obtidas por meio de sobrevoo de helicóptero e imagens de satélite, que levaram em conta, entre outras coisas, a existência de aberturas nos recifes, atividade da zona de surfe, presença de embaiamento na praia e ocorrência de plumas de sedimento. No total foram encontradas 77 correntes de retorno e 08 Indicadores de Circulação Transversal (ICT). As análises demonstraram que o maior número de fenômenos oceanográficos encontrados foram corrente de retorno móvel, 53 no total, seguidas das correntes de retorno fixas e dos ICTs. O município que mais apresentou a existência de correntes de retorno foi Cabo de Santo Agostinho, para o qual foram contabilizadas 37 correntes de retorno. Logo depois vem o município de Recife e Jaboatão com números absolutos de 15 e 09, respectivamente. Esses dados demonstram uma presença marcante de tais perigos praiais para os banhistas que frequentam as praias do estado de Pernambuco.
Uma (outra) pequena história da fotografia: Sylvio da Cunha
Authors: Antelo Raul
Published: January 2015

A fotografia mostrou a existência de um inconsciente ótico, assim como descobrimos o inconsciente por intermédio da psicanálise. Permitiu-nos conhecer aspectos materiais dos mundos imagéticos, que lidam com as minúcias, prenhes de significação, embora sequiosas por um lugar recôndito nos sonhos acordados, mas que, ampliadas e exibidas, fazem a diferença entre técnica e magia. Estas ideias, formuladas por Benjamin em seu famoso ensaio de 1931 sobre a fotografia, são compartilhadas por um relativamente desconhecido artista brasileiro, Sylvio da Cunha.
A41. Breve história de um armário de doações e suas implicações
Authors: Lima Solange Ferraz de
Published: January 2015

A proposta do presente artigo é refletir sobre as práticas recorrentes e cotidianas que consubstanciam a cultura visual contemporânea a partir de objetos visuais doados ou adquiridos por um museu de história e sobre  as  práticas  museológicas  que  proporcionam  novo  patamar  de observação  e  fruição  desses  mesmos  objetos,  agora  tomados  como documentos. Duas questões emergem de imediato quando colocamos atenção nas práticas acumuladoras e colecionistas dentro ou fora de espaços institucionalizados: em que medida esses objetos visuais podem ser considerados de interesse para tratar da visualidade da sociedade contemporânea e quais os efeitos sociais provocados pelas políticas de coleta de acervos dos museus.
“Colonizar é civilizar”: o cinema e a Exposição Colonial Internacional (Vincennes, 1931)
Authors: Morettin Eduardo Victorio
Published: January 2015

O artigo trata da participação do cinema na Exposition Coloniale Internationale et des Pays d’Outre-Mer, que ocorreu na cidade de Vincennes, vizinha a Paris, entre maio e novembro de 1931. Dentro de uma perspectiva de valorização do Império Colonial, o cinema teve papel decisivo na construção e no reforço de um imaginário voltado à afirmação da França como nação condutora da civilização. Recuperando as contradições presentes nestas ações, pretendemos situar historicamente tanto a exposição quanto o cinema, pensando-os de forma articulada.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A UTILIZAÇÃO DE DADOS QUANTITATIVOS EM PESQUISA EDUCACIONAL: O CASO DAS TAXAS DE COBERTURA DE MATRÍCULAS NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Baukat Silveira Moreira Claudia Regina
Published: January 2015

A partir da comparação dos dados disponíveis relativos ao Censo Escolar da Educação Básica (BRASIL, MEC/INEP, 2010) e ao Censo Demográfico de 2010 (BRASIL, IBGE, 2010) este artigo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre os limites e as possibilidades da utilização de bases de dados quantitativos na pesquisa em Política Educacional. Para tanto, recorre à análise dos dados em si, bem como à análise e comparação das metodologias de coleta dos dados de cada uma das pesquisas. Conclui-se que, em que pesem as dificuldades impostas ao pesquisador, é imperativa a construção de metodologias que permitam a utilização de tais dados e que cabe à comunidade de pesquisadores ter clareza de que os dados não constituem a realidade, eles apenas indicam elementos para a compreensão da realidade.Palavras-chave: dados quantitativos, taxas de cobertura de matrículas, pesquisa educacional.
Aprendizagens musicais informais em uma comunidade de prática: um estudo no grupo de maracatu Arrasta Ilha
Authors: Marcelino André , Beineke Viviane
Published: January 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar as dinâmicas de aprendizagem musical que se estabelecem no grupo de maracatu Arrasta Ilha, de Florianópolis-SC, Brasil. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa combina o conceito de comunidade de prática (Wenger, 2008) e de práticas de aprendizagem musical informal (Green, 2002). Foi realizado um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam cinco dinâmicas de aprendizagem musical: escuta e tirar de ouvido, encontros casuais e organizados, observação e imitação, onomatopeias solfejadas, e aprender osmoticamente. Tais dinâmicas são potencializadas num ambiente de aprendizagem que se configura como uma comunidade de prática, onde os participantes compartilham uma paixão em comum: o interesse pela prática musical do maracatu.
Práticas musicais de jovens e vida cotidiana: socialização e identidades em movimento
Authors: Souza Jusamara , Quintal de Freitas Maria de Fatima
Published: January 2015

Este artigo aborda questões vinculadas a práticas musicais de jovens que vivenciam a música com diferentes mídias. Tomando a perspectiva teórica dos estudos sobre a vida cotidiana, o objetivo é analisar discursos, conceitos, métodos e resultados da produção de conhecimento musical específicos da juventude quando mediados pelas tecnologias. Dentre os aspectos analisados destaca-se a formação de identidades e socialização considerando a música como um signo geracional. Essas categorias contribuem para uma compreensão empiricamente fundamentada sobre o papel que as mídias exercem para os jovens em suas aprendizagens musicais. As reflexões e análises permitem uma compreensão ampliada das interfaces entre música,  educação e identidades sociais.
Desempenho Orçamentário dos Gerentes e os Fatores Comportamentais: Estudo de Caso
Authors: Dos Santos Alexandre Corrêa , Facin Lavarda Carlos Eduardo
Published: January 2015

O objetivo da pesquisa é verificar como o desempenho orçamentário dos gerentes de nível hierárquico médio se relaciona com os fatores comportamentais: participação, estilo de liderança e satisfação. A pesquisa é descritiva em relação a seu objetivo; quanto aos procedimentos, estudo de caso; e, em relação à abordagem do problema, é qualitativa. Os resultados sugerem que ocorre a participação orçamentária de forma limitada na fase de coleta de dados; em relação à satisfação orçamentária ocorre pelo alcance de objetivos departamentais; quanto ao estilo de liderança, é afetado pela ausência de feedback e centralização em pontos negativos do gerente. Por último, observou-se que o desempenho orçamentário está focado no controle de custos e ocorre quando as metas orçamentárias são alcançadas dentro das previsões estabelecidas, com o menor nível de variação negativa possível.
“E na história de hoje...”: uma análise do processamento inferencial em postagens do Facebook
Authors: Araújo Júlio , Costa Sayonara Melo , Sousa Márcia Ananda Soares Siqueira de
Published: January 2015

O presente trabalho objetiva analisar como o processamento inferencial é convocado para a (re)construção de sentidos nas postagens da fanpage Conselhos do He-Man, do site de redes sociais Facebook. Para tanto, pautamo-nos nas reflexões de Ducrot (1977; 1981; 1987) acerca das significações implícitas sinalizadas pelas pressuposições e nas formulações de Grice (1982) acerca do princípio da cooperação, das máximas conversacionais e da geração de implicaturas. Tomando como categorias de análise as expressões ativadoras de pressuposição e a quebra das máximas, empreendemos a análise de quatro postagens da referida página no intuito de elucidar como se dá a exploração dos implícitos nesse contexto. Os resultados alcançados nos permitem afirmar que os processos inferenciais convocados tanto por pressuposição quanto por implicatura são de fundamental importância para a compreensão dos sentidos do texto, concentrando, por vezes, a principal informação que se deseja comunicar.
Eduardo Lourenço leitor de Vergílio Ferreira
Authors: Franz Marcelo
Published: January 2015

Inspirado na leitura da trajetória de Eduardo Lourenço, por ocasião de seu nonagésimo aniversário, este estudo busca situar possíveis relações entre seu pensar e o de Vergílio Ferreira, seu contemporâneo e amigo, falecido em 1996. Analisaremos os modos como, ao longo de décadas, Lourenço lê Vergílio Ferreira, percebendo como o olhar de Lourenço na direção da ficção e da ensaística vergilianas revela algo dos métodos e ênfases temáticas de sua discussão sobre literatura e filosofia, bem como seu posicionamento no espectro ideológico de Portugal no século XX. O mais importante ponto de aproximação dos dois autores é o conceito de “heterodoxia” desenvolvido por Lourenço. Esse conceito também pode ser entendido como o norte da opção estética assumida por Vergílio Ferreira a partir do fim dos anos 1940.
Um diálogo histórico-literário com a "Mitologia da Saudade" (1999) de Eduardo Lourenço
Authors: Guimarães Marcella
Published: January 2015

Em 1999, Eduardo Lourenço publica no Brasil a obra Mitologia da Saudade (São Paulo: Companhia das Letras), em que dentre outros temas, convoca expressões literárias da melancolia para a cena do texto. Propomo-nos compreender os sentidos auferidos por Lourenço no diálogo com algumas fontes medievais citadas ou não por ele, a fim de apreciar a pertinência do exame do ensaísta para o contexto tardo-medieval.
Apresentação
Authors: Rodrigues Patrícia , Jasinski Isabel , Silva Adelaide Hercília Pescatori
Published: January 2015

Apresentação do n. 90.
Créditos
Authors: Freitas Duarte Maria do Carmo
Published: January 2015

Créditos
Editorial da Seção Temática: Espaço e Religião
Authors: Pereira Clevisson J.
Published: January 2015

pré-textual
Robert Henryson’s “Doolie Dreame” and the Late Medieval Dream Vision Tradition
Authors: Lynch Kathryn L.
Published: January 2015

“And on that sleve these wordes were wrete: A false abstracte cometh from a fals concrete.”

(John Skelton, The Bowge of Court)
The Chinese Community and theCorneta China:Two Divergent Paths in Cuba
Authors: Fernández Rolando Antonio Pérez
Published: January 2015

The Chinese are acknowledged to be one of the four basic ethnic groups that made up Cuba as a nation. Many Chinese joined in the nineteenth-century independence wars against Spanish colonial rule, and several Cubans of Chinese ancestry (hereafter, “Chinese descendants”) turned out to be renowned artists and writers, including, among others, poet Regino Pedroso, painter Flora Fong, and Wifredo Lam, the most universal of all Cuban painters. Chinese influence has been felt in diverse fields of Cuban culture, from culinary art to religion, and from martial arts to music. Specifically, the introduction of a musical instrument, a sort of oboe or shawm called acorneta china,derived from the Han Chinesesuona,is one of the most significant Chinese cultural contributions to this island country. Nevertheless, the original instrument is no longer played by Chinese natives, and thecorneta chinahas been appropriated by non-Chinese Cubans since 1915, particularly in the eastern region of the island, where it is played in carnival street bands almost exclusively by performers of African descent. Thus, except for a short-lived attempt to come together in the lion dance during the 1980s and early 1990s, the development of the Chinese community and that of thecorneta chinahave followed divergent paths in Cuba, both of which are succinctly traced in this article.
Ethnomusicology in Times of Trouble
Authors: Rice Timothy
Published: January 2015

I am not quite sure when the world fell apart. When I began my study of ethnomusicology in 1968, there was a great deal of excitement and optimism about this relatively new field of study, even though the United States was in the middle of a horrible war in Vietnam. It seemed that, as we say in English, “the world was our oyster.” We could apparently go anywhere (with the possible exception of Vietnam) and study any music that struck our fancy. Since then, however, not only has this naïve optimism and energy been subjected to a withering postcolonial critique but, especially since the end of the Cold War in 1991, the situation for many people in the world seems only to be getting worse and worse, making the prospect of doing fieldwork in a growing number of places in the world nearly unimaginable. For a few people, including most readers of this journal, our personal worlds have probably improved during this period, but what of the rest of the world, including the poor and unfortunate in our own countries? The United Nations today lists more than sixty countries in which there is open, armed conflict between groups or between resistance groups and the government. The HIV/AIDS pandemic has wracked some parts of the world, most notably Africa. All reports indicate that the gap between rich and poor is growing, both in developed, capitalist countries, and between rich and poor regions of the world. Climate change seems to be posing an ever-more-obvious threat to life on our planet, and rising ocean water levels are causing some people in the Pacific to plan for a future far from their native atolls. Where can we go to work ethnomusicologically today, and what kind of work should we be doing there?
Las revistas científicas como plataformas para publicar la investigación de excelencia en educación: estrategias para atracción de investigadores
Authors: Fonseca-Mora M. Carmen , Aguaded Ignacio
Published: January 2015

Este artículo ayuda a reflexionar sobre las características más relevantes de las revistas científicas de excelencia, sobre aquellos rasgos de calidad de la gestión editorial que facilitan la labor de difundir los hallazgos de los investigadores de educación para que puedan aportar, junto a todos los investigadores internacionales, al conocimiento central de la ciencia.
Análisis longitudinal de tesis doctorales españolas en educación (1841-2012)
Authors: Fernández-Bautista Andrés , Torralbo Manuel , Fernández-Cano Antonio
Published: January 2015

Este artículo analiza la producción investigadora de tesis doctorales del campo de la educación defendidas en España desde 1841 a 2012. Ofrece una visión cuantificada, global y diacrónica de tal serie. Como hito a destacar está el hecho de que hasta 1954, la obtención del grado de doctor estuvo centralizada en la Universidad de Madrid. Se utilizan como motores de búsqueda las bases de datos bibliográficas: TESEO y repositorios institucionales, y bibliografía básica del área para llevar a cabo la recopilación de la muestra. La hipótesis a contraste trata de verificar si la serie temporal se ajusta parcialmente al modelo de crecimiento de la ciencia propuesto por  Dereck J. de Solla Price. El hallazgo central es que la producción española de tesis doctorales en educación sigue un modelo cuasi-logístico con una preocupante tendencia de caída en los últimos doce años
Ressenya a Mariano González Baldoví, La Capella de les Febres de Xàtiva. Monumentum domus Borgiae, València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2014
Authors: Roig Matoses Joan Emili
Published: January 2015

RESSENYA A MARIANO GONZÁLEZ BALDOVÍ, LA CAPELLA DE LES FEBRES DE XÀTIVA. MONUMENTUM DOMUS BORGIAE,VALÈNCIA, INSTITUCIÓ ALFONS EL MAGNÀNIM, 2014, 218 PP, ISBN: 978-84-7822-660-3
Improved identification and enrolment into care of HIV‐exposed and ‐infected infants and children following a community health worker intervention in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Ahmed Saeed , Kim Maria H , Dave Amanda C , Sabelli Rachael , Kanjelo Kondwani , Preidis Geoffrey A , Giordano Thomas P , Chiao Elizabeth , Hosseinipour Mina , Kazembe Peter N , Chimbwandira Frank , Abrams Elaine J
Published: January 2015

Background

Early identification and entry into care is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality in children with HIV. The objective of this report is to describe the impact of the Tingathe programme, which utilizes community health workers (CHWs) to improve identification and enrolment into care of HIV‐exposed and ‐infected infants and children.

Methods

Three programme phases are described. During the first phase, Mentorship Only (MO) (March 2007–February 2008) on‐site clinical mentorship on paediatric HIV care was provided. In the second phase, Tingathe‐Basic (March 2008–February 2009), CHWs provided HIV testing and counselling to improve case finding of HIV‐exposed and ‐infected children. In the final phase, Tingathe‐PMTCT (prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission) (March 2009–February 2011), CHWs were also assigned to HIV‐positive pregnant women to improve mother‐infant retention in care. We reviewed routinely collected programme data from HIV testing registers, patient mastercards and clinic attendance registers from March 2005 to March 2011.

Results

During MO, 42 children (38 HIV‐infected and 4 HIV‐exposed) were active in care. During Tingathe‐Basic, 238 HIV‐infected children (HIC) were newly enrolled, a six‐fold increase in rate of enrolment from 3.2 to 19.8 per month. The number of HIV‐exposed infants (HEI) increased from 4 to 118. During Tingathe‐PMTCT, 526 HIC were newly enrolled over 24 months, at a rate of 21.9 patients per month. There was also a seven‐fold increase in the average number of exposed infants enrolled per month (9.5–70 patients per month), resulting in 1667 enrolled with a younger median age at enrolment (5.2 vs. 2.5 months; p<0.001).

During the Tingathe‐Basic and Tingathe‐PMTCT periods, CHWs conducted 44,388 rapid HIV tests, 7658 (17.3%) in children aged 18 months to 15 years; 351 (4.6%) tested HIV‐positive. Over this time, 1781 HEI were enrolled, with 102 (5.7%) found HIV‐infected by positive PCR. Additional HIC entered care through various mechanisms (including positive linkage by CHWs and transfer‐ins) such that by February 2011, a total of 866 HIC were receiving care, a 23‐fold increase from 2008.

Conclusions

A multipronged approach utilizing CHWs to conduct HIV testing, link HIC into care and provide support to PMTCT mothers can dramatically improve the identification and enrolment into care of HIV‐exposed and ‐infected children.
Clinical Evaluation of Laparoscopic-Assisted Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (LAPEG)
Authors: Tomioka Kodai , Fukoe Yoshihiro , Lee Yugen , Lee Masahiro , Aoki Takeshi , Kato Takashi , Murakami Masahiko
Published: January 2015

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the standard modality for long-term enteral nutrition; however, complications are common. To avoid these complications, we introduce laparoscopic-assisted PEG (LAPEG) and describe its advantages. The aim of this study was to describe the advantages of LAPEG relative to other procedures. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 19 patients who underwent LAPEG at our institution from June 2008 to February 2013. They were thought to be difficult cases for PEG. LAPEG was successfully performed in 18 patients (average age, 78.5 years; range, 50–98 years). The average surgical duration was 32.4 ± 6.2 minutes. No major intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. Feeding tubes were successfully placed in all patients within some days. LAPEG is a safe, effective, and simple procedure. The strongest advantage of LAPEG is the possibility of observing the intraperitoneal condition and the ability to perform PEG safely without any complications. LAPEG should be the first-choice procedure if it is difficult to accomplish conventional PEG.
Gulf of Alaska continental slope morphology: Evidence for recent trough mouth fan formation
Authors: Swartz John M. , Gulick Sean P. S. , Goff John A.
Published: January 2015

Glaciated continental shelves are host to numerous morphologic features that help understand past glacier dynamics. Southeastern Alaska is home to the St. Elias mountains, an active orogen that also hosts temperate marine glaciers. During glacial periods ice streams advance across the continental shelf, carving shelf‐crossing troughs that reach the shelf edge. We use high‐resolution multibeam data to develop the relationship between the Yakutat and Alsek Sea Valleys and the resulting continental slope morphology. The shelf and slope geomorphology can be divided into statistical groupings that relate to the relative balance of erosion and deposition. Our analysis indicates that only the Yakutat system has been able to build an incipient trough‐mouth fan. The extreme sediment supply from this region was able to overwhelm the steep initial topography of the transform margin while further to the east sediment slope‐bypass dominates. This analysis provides an extreme end member to existing studies of temperate glaciation along continental margins. The unique interplay between rapid uplift due to ongoing collision and the massive erosion caused by temperate glaciers provides for sedimentary flux far above most other systems.
Transferability in the future climate of a statistical downscaling method for precipitation in France
Authors: Dayon G. , Boé J. , Martin E.
Published: January 2015

A statistical downscaling approach for precipitation in France based on the analog method and its evaluation for different combinations of predictors is described, with focus on the transferability of the method to the future climate. First, the realism of downscaled present‐day precipitation climatology and interannual variability for different combinations of predictors from four reanalyses is assessed. Satisfactory results are obtained, but elaborated predictors do not lead to major and consistent across‐reanalyses improvements. The downscaling method is then evaluated on its capacity to capture precipitation trends in the last decades. As uncertainties in downscaled trends due to the choice of the reanalysis are large and observed trends are weak, this analysis does not lead to strong conclusions on the applicability of the method to a changing climate. The temporal transferability is then assessed thanks to a perfect model framework. The statistical downscaling relationship is built using present‐day predictors and precipitation simulated by 12 regional climate models. The entire projections are then downscaled, and future downscaled and simulated precipitation changes are compared. A good temporal transferability is obtained only with a specific combination of predictors. Finally, the regional climate models are downscaled, thanks to the relationship built with reanalyses and observations, for the best combination of predictors. Results are similar to the changes simulated by the models, which reinforces our confidence in the realism of the models and of the downscaling method. Uncertainties in precipitation change due to reanalyses are found to be limited compared to those due to regional simulations.
Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis of Two Rituximab Retreatment Regimens for Longstanding Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Quartuccio Luca , di Bidino Rossella , Ruggeri Matteo , Schiavon Franco , Biasi Domenico , Adami Silvano , Punzi Leonardo , Cicchetti Americo , de Vita Salvatore
Published: January 2015

Objective

Rituximab (RTX) is licensed for second‐line treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after first tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor failure. RTX is generally administered intravenously at 1 gm 2 weeks apart, and the retreatment is scheduled at the time of clinical relapse (regimen 1). A more intensive regimen is proposed with a fixed full cycle after 6 months (regimen 2) if remission is not reached. A cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) compared these 2 regimens of RTX administration in patients with longstanding RA based on data provided by an observational study.

Methods

An observational retrospective study was conducted on 102 patients, enrolled in 3 hospitals and followed for ≥12 months. Forty‐seven patients followed regimen 1, while 55 patients followed regimen 2. A CEA based on a Markov model was conducted. A lifelong and social perspective was adopted. CEA was conducted for the entire cohort and for the 2 subgroups separately (patients with positive rheumatoid factor and/or anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide and failures to TNF inhibitors).

Results

Results for the overall sample show at 10, 20, and 30 years that regimen 1 is less costly and associated with a higher quality of life compared to regimen 2. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis at 10 years estimated a probability of 95.1% for regimen 1 to be cost effective given a willingness to pay of €35,000/quality‐adjusted life year, while for seropositive patients and for TNF failures it was estimated to be 92% and 92.7%, respectively.

Conclusion

In longstanding RA, cost effectiveness of RTX retreatment at clinical relapse was found to be at least equivalent to the more intensive regimen proposed.
State‐of‐the‐Art Progress in Diverse Heterostructured Photocatalysts toward Promoting Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Li Haijin , Zhou Yong , Tu Wenguang , Ye Jinhua , Zou Zhigang
Published: January 2015

Semiconductor photocatalysts have received much attention in recent years due to their great potentials for the development of renewable energy technologies, as well as for environmental protection and remediation. The effective harvesting of solar energy and suppression of charge carrier recombination are two key aspects in photocatalysis. The formation of heterostructured photocatalysts is a promising strategy to improve photocatalytic activity, which is superior to that of their single component photocatalysts. This Feature Article concisely summarizes and highlights the state‐of‐the‐art progress of semiconductor/semiconductor heterostructured photocatalysts with diverse models, including type‐I and type‐II heterojunctions, Z‐scheme system, p–n heterojunctions, and homojunction band alignments, which were explored for effective improvement of photocatalytic activity through increase of the visible‐light absorption, promotion of separation, and transportation of the photoinduced charge carries, and enhancement of the photocatalytic stability.
Countercurrent gas–solid trickle flow reactor with structured packing: Hydrodynamics and CaO–CO2 reaction
Authors: Obradović Ana , Levec Janez
Published: January 2015

The sorption reaction CaO–CO2 was examined in a countercurrent gas–solid trickle flow reactor with regularly stacked packing at T = 500–600°C, pCO2 = 40–50 kPa, solid‐phase fluxes S = 0.3–0.5 kg m−2 s−1, and CaO particles of 500–710 μm in size. Sorption kinetics was evaluated by thermogravimetric (TG) technique. The random pore model was used for the description of the carbonization reaction. Hydrodynamic characteristics of gas–solid trickle flow were estimated at room temperature and ambient pressure. Plug flow model of both gas and solid‐phase, with the parameters obtained from TG and hydrodynamics experiments, satisfactorily described the sorption process in countercurrent gas–solid trickle flow reactor. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1601–1612, 2015
NeuO: a Fluorescent Chemical Probe for Live Neuron Labeling
Authors: Er Jun Cheng , Leong Cheryl , Teoh Chai Lean , Yuan Qiang , Merchant Paolomi , Dunn Matthew , Sulzer David , Sames Dalibor , Bhinge Akshay , Kim Dongyoon , Kim Seong‐Min , Yoon Myung‐Han , Stanton Lawrence W. , Je Shawn H. , Yun Seong‐Wook , Chang Young‐Tae
Published: January 2015

To address existing limitations in live neuron imaging, we have developed NeuO, a novel cell‐permeable fluorescent probe with an unprecedented ability to label and image live neurons selectively over other cells in the brain. NeuO enables robust live neuron imaging and isolation in vivo and in vitro across species; its versatility and ease of use sets the basis for its development in a myriad of neuronal targeting applications.
Sensitive and Multiplexed On‐chip microRNA Profiling in Oil‐Isolated Hydrogel Chambers
Authors: Lee Hyewon , Srinivas Rathi L. , Gupta Ankur , Doyle Patrick S.
Published: January 2015

Although microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be excellent indicators of disease state, current profiling platforms are insufficient for clinical translation. Here, we demonstrate a versatile hydrogel‐based microfluidic approach and novel amplification scheme for entirely on‐chip, sensitive, and highly specific miRNA detection without the risk of sequence bias. A simulation‐driven approach is used to engineer the hydrogel geometry and the gel‐reaction environment is chemically optimized for robust detection performance. The assay provides 22.6 fM sensitivity over a three log range, demonstrates multiplexing across at least four targets, and requires just 10.3 ng of total RNA input in a 2 hour and 15 minutes assay.
Reaction of Tungsten–Phosphinidene and –Arsinidene Complexes with Carbodiimides and Alkyl Azides: A Straightforward Way to Four‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: Seidl Michael , Kuntz Christian , Bodensteiner Michael , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred
Published: January 2015

The reaction of the phosphinidene and arsinidene complexes [Cp*E{W(CO)5}2] (E=P (1 a), As (1 b); Cp*=C5Me5) with carbodiimides leads to the new four‐membered heterocycles of the type [Cp*C(NR)2E{W(CO)5}2] (E=P: R=iPr (2 a), Cy (3 a); E=As: R=iPr (2 b), Cy (3 b)). The reaction of phosphinidene complex 1 a with alkyl azides yields the triazaphosphete derivatives [Cp*P{W(CO)5}N(R)NN{W(CO)5}] (R=Hex, Cy) (4). These unprecedented N3P four‐membered triazaphosphete complexes can be regarded as stabilized intermediates of the Staudinger reaction, which have not been previously isolated. All of the isolated products were characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Synthesis and properties of novel trifunctional epoxy triglycidyl of 4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenol with high toughness
Authors: Shang Chengyuan , Zhao Xiaojuan , Sun Baogang , Yang Xin , Zhang Ying , Huang Wei
Published: January 2015

A trifunctional epoxy containing oxyphenylene unit, triglycidyl of 4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenol (TGAPP) was synthesized and characterized. The chemical structure of TGAPP was confirmed with FTIR and 1H‐NMR. DSC analysis revealed that the reactivity of TGAPP with curing agent 4, 4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) was significantly lower than that of triglycidyl para‐aminophenol (TGPAP). Rheological analysis showed that the processing window of TGAPP/DDS was 20°C wider compared with that of TGPAP/DDS. The thermal and mechanical properties of cured TGAPP/DDS were investigated and compared with those of the cured TGPAP/DDS. Experimental results showed that, due to the introduction of oxyphenylene unit, the heat resistance and flexural strength were slightly reduced, while the tensile strength and impact strength were enhanced. SEM also confirmed that the introduction of oxyphenylene unit could enhance the toughness of the TGAPP/DDS as evident from ridge formation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41878.
Association of Valine and Leucine at HLA–DRB1 Position 11 With Radiographic Progression in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Independent of the Shared Epitope Alleles but Not Independent of Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibodies
Authors: van Steenbergen H. W. , Raychaudhuri S. , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez L. , Rantapää‐Dahlqvist S. , Berglin E. , Toes R. E. M. , Huizinga T. W. J. , Fernández‐Gutiérrez B. , Gregersen P. K. , van der Helm‐van Mil A. H. M.
Published: January 2015

Objective

For decades it has been known that the HLA–DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles are associated with an increased risk of development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently, the following variations in the peptide‐binding grooves of HLA molecules that predispose to RA development have been identified: Val and Leu at HLA–DRB1 position 11, Asp at HLA–B position 9, and Phe at HLA–DPB1 position 9. This study was undertaken to investigate whether these variants are also associated with radiographic progression in RA, independent of SE and anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) status.

Methods

A total of 4,911 radiograph sets from 1,878 RA patients included in the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic (The Netherlands), Umeå (Sweden), Hospital Clinico San Carlos–Rheumatoid Arthritis (Spain), and National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases (US) cohorts were studied. HLA was imputed using single‐nucleotide polymorphism data from an Immunochip, and the amino acids listed above were tested in relation to radiographic progression per cohort using an additive model. Results from the 4 cohorts were combined in inverse‐variance weighted meta‐analyses using a fixed‐effects model. Analyses were conditioned on SE and ACPA status.

Results

Val and Leu at HLA–DRB1 position 11 were associated with more radiographic progression (meta‐analysis P = 5.11 × 10−7); this effect was independent of SE status (meta‐analysis P = 0.022) but not independent of ACPA status. Phe at HLA–DPB1 position 9 was associated with more severe radiographic progression (meta‐analysis P = 0.024), though not independent of SE status. Asp at HLA–B position 9 was not associated with radiographic progression.

Conclusion

Val and Leu at HLA–DRB1 position 11 conferred a risk of a higher rate of radiographic progression independent of SE status but not independent of ACPA status. These findings support the relevance of these amino acids at position 11.
A robust method for increasing Fc glycan high mannose level of recombinant antibodies
Authors: Huang Chung‐Jr , Lin Henry , Yang Jerry (Xiaoming)
Published: January 2015

High mannose (HM) glycoforms on antibody Fc glycan are recognized as critical quality attributes for therapeutic antibody products. Methods to control HM have been largely empirical, and it is challenging to target a desired HM level during antibody process development. A novel and robust method to increase antibody HM glycoforms is demonstrated in this study using multiple antibodies and cell lines without adversely impacting cell culture performance, including viable cell density, viability, and protein titer. This approach utilizes mannose as a carbon source and the ratio of mannose to total hexose (glucose and mannose) in feed media determines the extent of HM glycan content of an antibody expressed in cell culture. Scale‐up of this strategy from 3 mL small scale plate to bioreactor (1.5 L) is also demonstrated with comparable results. Further full glycan map analysis shows that HM increase predominantly correlates with the decrease in G0F glycan, with minimum impact on other glycoforms. Possible hypotheses for the HM glycan modulation using mannose as carbon source are also discussed. Three pathways, including GDP‐mannose biosynthesis, early protein glycosylation and UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine biosynthesis, might be involved and contribute to this HM modulation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1200–1209. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flavin‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as an Efficient Catalyst for Aerobic Organic Transformations
Authors: Imada Yasushi , Ohsaki Motonari , Noguchi Mikiko , Maeda Takatoshi , Fujiki Misa , Kawamorita Soichiro , Komiya Naruyoshi , Naota Takeshi
Published: January 2015

The front cover artwork for Issue 1/2015 is provided by the research group of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University (Japan). The image shows the catalytic activities of puffball‐shaped nanoparticles for environmentally benign aerobic oxidation and reduction. See the Full Paper itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.20140916.
The Gold(I)‐Catalysed Protodecarboxylation Mechanism
Authors: Dupuy Stéphanie , Crawford L. Ellis , Bühl Michael , Nolan Steven P.
Published: January 2015

A mechanistic study of the gold‐catalysed protodecarboxylation is described. Each reaction step has been investigated experimentally and computationally. More specifically, the activation parameters for the decarboxylation step have been determined through kinetic studies. Further experimental studies on the hydrolysis of the arylgold intermediate have revealed that the protodeauration can become competitive with the decarboxylation process at high conversions. This switch in rate‐limiting step has been shown to be pKa‐dependent. These studies have been supported by DFT calculations and permit a better understanding of which prevalent features of the reaction mechanism account for the decarboxylation process.
Luminescent Ag6Au6 Heterometallic Ethisterone Cluster and Probe for Estrogen Receptor α
Authors: Guo Wen‐Jing , Wang Yong‐Tao , Kong De‐Xian , Wang Jin‐Yun , Wei Qiao‐Hua , Chen Guo‐Nan
Published: January 2015

A heterometallic cluster [Ag6Au6(ethisterone)12] of an unprecedented topology was synthesized and characterized. A sensitive and specific probe for estrogen receptor α (ERα) has been developed for the first time based on the enhancement of the Ag6Au6 luminescence.
Nanomolar Detection of Iodide in Aqueous Medium Using Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles: Application in Urine Analysis
Authors: Huerta Aguilar Carlos Alberto , Sharma Hemant , Thangarasu Pandiyan , Singh Narinder
Published: January 2015

Imine‐linked pyridine‐coupled (ILPC) receptors have been synthesised and characterised. The absorption and fluorescence properties of these receptors have been explored through a combination of experimental and theoretical studies. The ILPC receptors are processed into organic nanoparticles (ONPs) and then decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the selective recognition of iodide. The selective recognition behaviour is authenticated with the changes in fluorescence spectra, low detection limit (1.4 nM) and no interference in aqueous systems. The present investigation represents the first example of nanomolar detection of iodide in aqueous medium using organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles (ONPs–AuNPs). The probe has been utilised successfully for the detection of iodide content in urine samples.
Across the Board: Hiroshi Imahori
Authors: Imahori Hiroshi
Published: January 2015

In this series of articles the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. Hiroshi Imahori, who discusses a concept in which photosensitizers and binuclear catalysts, both based on ruthenium complexes, can be combined to efficiently oxidize water similar to the Photosystem II in plants.
Sufu and Kif7 in limb patterning and development
Authors: Zhulyn Olena , Hui Chi‐Chung
Published: January 2015

Background: The vertebrate digit pattern is defined by the morphogen Sonic hedgehog (Shh), which controls the activity of Gli transcription factors. Gli1, 2 and 3 are dynamically expressed during patterning. Downstream of Shh, their activity is regulated by Sufu and Kif7, core components of the Shh signaling cascade. The precise roles of these regulators during limb development have not been fully described. We analyze the role of Sufu and Kif7 in the limb and demonstrate that their loss has distinct and synergistic effects on Gli activity and digit pattern. Results: Using a series of mouse mutants, we show that Sufu and Kif7 are expressed throughout limb development and their deletion has distinct effects on Gli levels and limb formation. Concomitant deletion of Sufu and Kif7 results in constitutive pathway activity and severe limb truncation. This is consistent with the recently published two‐population model, which suggests that precocious activation of Shh signaling inhibits organizing center formation and limb outgrowth. Conclusions: Together, our findings demonstrate that perturbations of Sufu and Kif7 affect Gli activity and recapitulate the full spectrum of vertebrate limb defects, ranging from severe truncation to polydactyly. Developmental Dynamics 244:468–478, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thin Layer Coulometry of Nitrite with Ion‐Selective Membranes
Authors: Afshar Majid Ghahraman , Crespo Gastón A. , Dorokhin Denis , Néel Bastien , Bakker Eric
Published: January 2015

We report on a thin layer coulometric detection method based on an ion‐selective membrane in view of a quantitative determination of nitrite in undiluted human urine and tap water. A cobalt(II) tert‐butyl salophen compound, previously characterized by our group in ion‐selective membrane electrodes, is used here as ionophore. The four orders of magnitude discrimination of chloride permits the detection of nitrite in samples that contain a large excess of chloride. The approach developed here allows one to determine nitrite within a concentration range of 20–100 µM for a 120 s current integration time. A modification of the reported electrochemical protocol to reduce the capacitive contribution diminishes the intercept of the calibration to −8.6 µC. This is especially important in view of reaching calibration free systems. Initial in‐house validation exhibits a limit of detection of 10 µM in undiluted urine and in tap water. These values correspond to the regulation limits established in European Union and are adequate for the determination of nitrite for medical applications.
Cannabinoid receptor 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma initiation and progression through multiple mechanisms
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Bani , Schuebel Kornel , Mukhopadhyay Partha , Cinar Resat , Godlewski Grzegorz , Xiong Keming , Mackie Ken , Lizak Martin , Yuan Qiaoping , Goldman David , Kunos George
Published: January 2015

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has high mortality and no adequate treatment. Endocannabinoids interact with hepatic cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1Rs) to promote hepatocyte proliferation in liver regeneration by inducing cell cycle proteins involved in mitotic progression, including Forkhead Box M1. Because this protein is highly expressed in HCC and contributes to its genesis and progression, we analyzed the involvement of the endocannabinoid/CB1R system in murine and human HCC. Postnatal diethylnitrosamine treatment induced HCC within 8 months in wild‐type mice but fewer and smaller tumors in CB1R–/– mice or in wild‐type mice treated with the peripheral CB1R antagonist JD5037, as monitored in vivo by serial magnetic resonance imaging. Genome‐wide transcriptome analysis revealed CB1R‐dependent, tumor‐induced up‐regulation of the hepatic expression of CB1R, its endogenous ligand anandamide, and a number of tumor‐promoting genes, including the GRB2 interactome as well as Forkhead Box M1 and its downstream target, the tryptophan‐catalyzing enzyme indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase. Increased indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase activity and consequent induction of immunosuppressive T‐regulatory cells in tumor tissue promote immune tolerance. Conclusion: The endocannabinoid/CB1R system is up‐regulated in chemically induced HCC, resulting in the induction of various tumor‐promoting genes, including indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase; and attenuation of these changes by blockade or genetic ablation of CB1R suppresses the growth of HCC and highlights the therapeutic potential of peripheral CB1R blockade. (Hepatology 2015;61:1615–1626)
The cardiac dose‐sparing benefits of deep inspiration breath‐hold in left breast irradiation: a systematic review
Authors: Smyth Lloyd M. , Knight Kellie A. , Aarons Yolanda K. , Wasiak Jason
Published: January 2015

Introduction

Despite technical advancements in breast radiation therapy, cardiac structures are still subject to significant levels of irradiation. As the use of adjuvant radiation therapy after breast‐conserving surgery continues to improve survival for early breast cancer patients, the associated radiation‐induced cardiac toxicities become increasingly relevant. Our primary aim was to evaluate the cardiac‐sparing benefits of the deep inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH) technique.

Methods

An electronic literature search of the PubMed database from 1966 to July 2014 was used to identify articles published in English relating to the dosimetric benefits of DIBH. Studies comparing the mean heart dose of DIBH and free breathing treatment plans for left breast cancer patients were eligible to be included in the review. Studies evaluating the reproducibility and stability of the DIBH technique were also reviewed.

Results

Ten studies provided data on the benefits of DIBH during left breast irradiation. From these studies, DIBH reduced the mean heart dose by up to 3.4 Gy when compared to a free breathing approach. Four studies reported that the DIBH technique was stable and reproducible on a daily basis. According to current estimates of the excess cardiac toxicity associated with radiation therapy, a 3.4 Gy reduction in mean heart dose is equivalent to a 13.6% reduction in the projected increase in risk of heart disease.

Conclusion

DIBH is a reproducible and stable technique for left breast irradiation showing significant promise in reducing the late cardiac toxicities associated with radiation therapy.