bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual prognosis of submacular hemorrhage secondary to age-related macular degeneration: A retrospective multicenter survey
Authors: Inoue Naomi , Kato Aki , Araki Takashi , Kimura Takeshi , Kinoshita Takamasa , Okamoto Fumiki , Murakami Tomoya , Mitamura Yoshinori , Sakamoto Taiji , Miki Akiko , Takamura Yoshihiro , Matsubara Hisashi , Tsujinaka Hiroki , Gomi Fumi , Yasukawa Tsutomu
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To investigate the clinical features, treatment options, and visual outcomes of submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Design

A retrospective, observational case series.

Methods

Setting: Multicenter institutional setting. Patient Population: A total of 127 patients (127 eyes; 88 men, 39 women; (mean age, 74.2 years)) diagnosed with AMD-associated SMHs exceeding 2 disc diameters involving the fovea. Observation: The AMD types, previous treatments, treatment options, anatomic findings, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were assessed. Main Outcome Measures: Clinical features, treatment options, and visual outcomes of SMHs secondary to nAMD.

Results

Thirty-two eyes had typical AMD, 94 eyes polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and one eye retinal angiomatous proliferation. Eighty-five eyes were treatment-naïve; 42 eyes were treated previously: anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy (n = 26), photodynamic therapy (n = 3), and combined therapy (n = 13). Treatment of SMHs included vitrectomy (36 eyes), pneumatic displacement (49 eyes), and anti-VEGF monotherapy (42 eyes). The final BCVA improved significantly in treatment-naïve cases from 0.86 to 0.62 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) unit (Snellen equivalent from 20/145 to 20/83) and from 0.80 to 0.56 (Snellen equivalent from 20/126 to 20/73) in PCV cases. Meanwhile, the BCVA logMAR values improved from 1.15 to 0.75 (Snellen equivalent from 20/283 to 20/112) and from 0.87 to 0.63 (Snellen equivalent from 20/148 to 20/85) in eyes that underwent vitrectomy or pneumatic displacement, respectively. In eyes with BCVAs between 20/133 to 20/40 at SMH onset, the final VA in the pneumatic displacement group was better than in the anti-VEGF monotherapy group. One eye had a retinal detachment and 1 eye had a macular hole in the vitrectomy group, and 5 eyes had a vitreous hemorrhage in the pneumatic displacement group.

Conclusions

The recommended treatment for SMHs secondary to nAMD exceeding 2 disc area and with BCVA below 20/40 is vitrectomy or pneumatic displacement for visual improvement.
How accurate are WorldPop-Global-Unconstrained gridded population data at the cell-level?: A simulation analysis in urban Namibia
Authors: Thomson Dana R. , Leasure Douglas R. , Bird Tomas , Tzavidis Nikos , Tatem Andrew J.
Published: July 2022

Disaggregated population counts are needed to calculate health, economic, and development indicators in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), especially in settings of rapid urbanisation. Censuses are often outdated and inaccurate in LMIC settings, and rarely disaggregated at fine geographic scale. Modelled gridded population datasets derived from census data have become widely used by development researchers and practitioners; however, accuracy in these datasets are evaluated at the spatial scale of model input data which is generally courser than the neighbourhood or cell-level scale of many applications. We simulate a realistic synthetic 2016 population in Khomas, Namibia, a majority urban region, and introduce several realistic levels of outdatedness (over 15 years) and inaccuracy in slum, non-slum, and rural areas. We aggregate the synthetic populations by census and administrative boundaries (to mimic census data), resulting in 32 gridded population datasets that are typical of LMIC settings using the WorldPop-Global-Unconstrained gridded population approach. We evaluate the cell-level accuracy of these gridded population datasets using the original synthetic population as a reference. In our simulation, we found large cell-level errors, particularly in slum cells. These were driven by the averaging of population densities in large areal units before model training. Age, accuracy, and aggregation of the input data also played a role in these errors. We suggest incorporating finer-scale training data into gridded population models generally, and WorldPop-Global-Unconstrained in particular (e.g., from routine household surveys or slum community population counts), and use of new building footprint datasets as a covariate to improve cell-level accuracy (as done in some new WorldPop-Global-Constrained datasets). It is important to measure accuracy of gridded population datasets at spatial scales more consistent with how the data are being applied, especially if they are to be used for monitoring key development indicators at neighbourhood scales within cities.
Influence of broodmare aging on its offspring’s racing performance
Authors: Inoue Sota
Published: July 2022

Maternal aging has negative influences on the development and racing performance of their offspring in racehorses. However, the mechanism by which pregnancy at old age reduces the race performance of the offspring is unknown. Here, two hypotheses were posited: 1) Foals born to older mares are more likely to have muscular, skeletal, and cognitive disadvantages (direct effects). 2) Foals born to older mares are more likely to be affected by non-physiological factors correlating with the mare’s age, such as the quality of sires (e.g. low-quality sires are likely to be chosen as partners of older broodmares). To test these hypotheses, the effect of the broodmare’s age on the offspring’s racing performance was examined, while controlling for the effects of the stallion’s quality, age, and ID, offspring’s sex, trainer, and the location of the training center. Information of racehorses registered to the Japan Racing Association were collected from the Japan Bloodhorse Breeders’ Association website. Overall, results showed that the racing performance of horses born from older mares was lower than that of horses born from younger mares. However, generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) indicated that the quality of sires was significantly associated with the offspring’s racing performance, rather than the broodmare’s age itself. Furthermore, the age of broodmares was negatively correlated with the quality of sires, although the variance inflation factor was low. Therefore, the effect of maternal aging was negligible or only limited, and rather, the sire’s quality had an important influence on the offspring’s racing performance. Low quality sires, or cheap stallions in other words, are likely to be chosen as partners of older blood-mares, which may have reproductive risks such as lower fertility and higher rate of miscarriages. The present study suggests that the conventional belief that racehorses born from older mares show lower performance may not always be accurate.
Promoter architecture of Drosophila genes regulated by Myocyte enhancer factor-2
Authors: Bu Lijing , Cripps Richard M.
Published: July 2022

To gain understanding into the mechanisms of transcriptional activation of muscle genes, we sought to determine if genes targeted by the myogenic transcription factor Myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) were enriched for specific core promoter elements. We identified 330 known MEF2 target promoters in Drosophila, and analyzed them for for the presence and location of 17 known consensus promoter sequences. As a control, we also searched all Drosophila RNA polymerase II-dependent promoters for the same sequences. We found that promoter motifs were readily detected in the MEF2 target dataset, and that many of them were slightly enriched in frequency compared to the control dataset. A prominent sequence over-represented in the MEF2 target genes was NDM2, that appeared in over 50% of MEF2 target genes and was 2.5-fold over-represented in MEF2 targets compared to background. To test the functional significance of NDM2, we identified two promoters containing a single copy of NDM2 plus an upstream MEF2 site, and tested the activity of these promoters in vivo. Both the sticks and stones and Kahuli fragments showed strong skeletal myoblast-specific expression of a lacZ reporter in embryos. However, the timing and level of reporter expression was unaffected when the NDM2 site in either element was mutated. These studies identify variations in promoter architecture for a set of regulated genes compared to all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes, and underline the potential redundancy in the activities of some core promoter elements.
A comprehensive assessment of mangrove species and carbon stock on Pohnpei, Micronesia
Authors: Woltz Victoria L. , Peneva-Reed Elitsa I. , Zhu Zhiliang , Bullock Eric L. , MacKenzie Richard A. , Apwong Maybeleen , Krauss Ken W. , Gesch Dean B.
Published: July 2022

Mangrove forests are the most important ecosystems on Pohnpei Island, Federated States of Micronesia, as the island communities of the central Pacific rely on the forests for many essential services including protection from sea-level rise that is occurring at a greater pace than the global average. As part of a multi-component assessment to evaluate vulnerabilities of mangrove forests on Pohnpei, mangrove forests were mapped at two points in time: 1983 and 2018. In 2018, the island had 6,426 ha of mangrove forest. Change analysis indicated a slight (0.76%) increase of mangrove area between 1983 and 2018, contrasting with global mangrove area declines. Forest structure and aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks were inventoried using a systematic sampling of field survey plots and extrapolated to the island using k-nearest neighbor and random forest species models. A gridded or wall to wall approach is suggested when possible for defining carbon stocks of a large area due to high variability seen in our data. The k-nearest neighbor model performed better than random forest models to map species dominance in these forests. Mean AGC was 167 ± 11 MgC ha-1, which is greater than the global average of mangroves (115 ± 7 MgC ha-1) but within their global range (37–255 MgC ha-1) Kauffman et al. (2020). In 2018, Pohnpei mangroves contained over 1.07 million MgC in AGC pools. By assigning the mean AGC stock per species per area to the map, carbon stock distributions were visualized spatially, allowing future conservation efforts to be directed to carbon dense stands.
Incidence, prevalence, and national burden of interstitial lung diseases in India: Estimates from two studies of 3089 subjects
Authors: Dhooria Sahajal , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Agarwal Ritesh , Muthu Valliappan , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Kathirvel Soundappan , Garg Mandeep , Bal Amanjit , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Behera Digambar
Published: July 2022

Background and objective

The epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) in developing countries remains unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence, prevalence, and national burden of ILDs in India.

Methods

Data of consecutive subjects (aged >12 years) with ILDs included in a registry between March 2015 and February 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The proportion of each ILD subtype was determined. The crude annual incidence and prevalence of ILDs for our region were estimated. Subsequently, the primary estimates of the national annual incident and prevalent burden of ILD and its subtypes were calculated. Alternative estimates for each ILD subtype were calculated using the current and a large, previous Indian study (n = 1,084). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 and are presented descriptively.

Results

A total of 2,005 subjects (mean age, 50.7 years; 47% men) were enrolled. Sarcoidosis (37.3%) was the most common ILD subtype followed by connective tissue disease (CTD)-related ILDs (19.3%), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, 17.0%), and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP, 14.4%). The crude annual incidence and prevalence of ILDs were 10.1–20.2 and 49.0–98.1, respectively per 100,000 population. The best primary estimates for the crude national burden of all ILDs, sarcoidosis, CTD-ILD, IPF, HP, and other ILDs (in thousands) were 433–867, 213–427, 75–150, 51–102, 54–109, and 39–78. The respective alternative estimates (in thousands) were sarcoidosis, 127–254; CTD-ILD, 81–162; IPF, 46–91; HP, 130–261; other ILDs, 49–98.

Conclusion

In contrast to developed countries, sarcoidosis and HP are the ILDs with the highest burden in India.
Predicting age and gender from network telemetry: Implications for privacy and impact on policy
Authors: Kuang Lida , Pobbathi Samruda , Mansury Yuri , Shapiro Matthew A. , Gurbani Vijay K.
Published: July 2022

The systematic monitoring of private communications through the use of information technology pervades the digital age. One result of this is the potential availability of vast amount of data tracking the characteristics of mobile network users. Such data is becoming increasingly accessible for commercial use, while the accessibility of such data raises questions about the degree to which personal information can be protected. Existing regulations may require the removal of personally-identifiable information (PII) from datasets before they can be processed, but research now suggests that powerful machine learning classification methods are capable of targeting individuals for personalized marketing purposes, even in the absence of PII. This study aims to demonstrate how machine learning methods can be deployed to extract demographic characteristics. Specifically, we investigate whether key demographics—gender and age—of mobile users can be accurately identified by third parties using deep learning techniques based solely on observations of the user’s interactions within the network. Using an anonymized dataset from a Latin American country, we show the relative ease by which PII in terms of the age and gender demographics can be inferred; specifically, our neural networks model generates an estimate for gender with an accuracy rate of 67%, outperforming decision tree, random forest, and gradient boosting models by a significant margin. Neural networks achieve an even higher accuracy rate of 78% in predicting the subscriber age. These results suggest the need for a more robust regulatory framework governing the collection of personal data to safeguard users from predatory practices motivated by fraudulent intentions, prejudices, or consumer manipulation. We discuss in particular how advances in machine learning have chiseled away a number of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) articles designed to protect consumers from the imminent threat of privacy violations.
Estimating the effects of legalizing recreational cannabis on newly incident cannabis use
Authors: Montgomery Barrett Wallace , Roberts Meaghan H. , Margerison Claire E. , Anthony James C.
Published: July 2022

Liberalized state-level recreational cannabis policies in the United States (US) fostered important policy evaluations with a focus on epidemiological parameters such as proportions [e.g., active cannabis use prevalence; cannabis use disorder (CUD) prevalence]. This cannabis policy evaluation project adds novel evidence on a neglected parameter–namely, estimated occurrence of newly incident cannabis use for underage (<21 years) versus older adults. The project’s study populations were specified to yield nationally representative estimates for all 51 major US jurisdictions, with probability sample totals of 819,543 non-institutionalized US civilian residents between 2008 and 2019. Standardized items to measure cannabis onsets are from audio computer-assisted self-interviews. Policy effect estimates are from event study difference-in-difference (DiD) models that allow for causal inference when policy implementation is staggered. The evidence indicates no policy-associated changes in the occurrence of newly incident cannabis onsets for underage persons, but an increased occurrence of newly onset cannabis use among older adults (i.e., >21 years). We offer a tentative conclusion of public health importance: Legalized cannabis retail sales might be followed by the increased occurrence of cannabis onsets for older adults, but not for underage persons who cannot buy cannabis products in a retail outlet. Cannabis policy research does not yet qualify as a mature science. We argue that modeling newly incident cannabis use might be more informative than the modeling of prevalences when evaluating policy effects and provide evidence of the advantages of the event study model over regression methods that seek to adjust for confounding factors.
The Executive Branch decisions in Brazil: A study of administrative decrees through machine learning and network analysis
Authors: Ribeiro André Luís , Araújo Othávio Ruddá , Oliveira Leonardo B. , Inácio Magna
Published: July 2022

This paper dissects the potential of state-of-the-art computational analysis to promote the investigation of government’s administrative decisions and politics. The Executive Branch generates massive amounts of textual data comprising daily decisions in several levels and stages of the law and decree-making processes. The use of automated text analysis to explore this data based on the substantive interests of scholars runs into computational challenges. Computational methods have been applied to texts from the Legislative and Judicial Branches; however, there barely are suitable taxonomies to automate the classification and analysis of the Executive’s administrative decrees. To solve this problem, we put forward a computational framework to analyze the Brazilian administrative decrees from 2000 to 2019. Our strategy to uncover the contents and patterns of the presidential decree-making is developed in three main steps. First, we conduct an unsupervised text analysis through the LDA algorithm for topic modeling. Second, building upon the LDA results, we propose two taxonomies for the classification of decrees: (a) the ministerial coauthorship of the decrees to map policy areas and (b) the decrees’ fields of law based on a tagging system provided by the Brazilian Senate. Using these taxonomies, we compare the performance of three supervised text classification algorithms: SVM, Convolutional Neural Network, and Hierarchical Attention Network, achieving F1-scores of up to 80% when automatically classifying decrees. Third, we analyze the network generated by links between decrees through centrality and clustering approaches, distinguishing a set of administrative decisions related to the president’s priorities in the economic policy area. Our findings confirm the potential of our computational framework to explore N-large datasets, advance exploratory studies, and generate testable propositions in different research areas. They advance the monitoring of Brazil’s administrative decree-making process that is shaped by the president’s priorities and by the interplay among cabinet members.
Study protocol: International joint research project ‘climate change resilience of Indigenous socioecological systemsʼ (RISE)
Authors: García Molinos Jorge , Gavrilyeva Tuyara , Joompa Pattamaporn , Narita Daiju , Chotiboriboon Sinee , Parilova Varvara , Sirisai Solot , Okhlopkov Innokentiy , Zhang Zhixin , Yakovleva Natalia , Kongpunya Prapa , Gowachirapant Sueppong , Gabyshev Viacheslav , Kriengsinyos Wantanee
Published: July 2022

Background

Anthropogenic changes in the environment are increasingly threatening the sustainability of socioecological systems on a global scale. As stewards of the natural capital of over a quarter of the world’s surface area, Indigenous Peoples (IPs), are at the frontline of these changes. Indigenous socioecological systems (ISES) are particularly exposed and sensitive to exogenous changes because of the intimate bounds of IPs with nature. Traditional food systems (TFS) represent one of the most prominent components of ISES, providing not only diverse and nutritious food but also critical socioeconomic, cultural, and spiritual assets. However, a proper understanding of how future climate change may compromise TFS through alterations of related human-nature interactions is still lacking. Climate change resilience of indigenous socioecological systems (RISE) is a new joint international project that aims to fill this gap in knowledge.

Methods and design

RISE will use a comparative case study approach coupling on-site socioeconomic, nutritional, and ecological surveys of the target ISES of Sakha (Republic of Sakha, Russian Federation) and Karen (Kanchanaburi, Thailand) people with statistical models projecting future changes in the distribution and composition of traditional food species under contrasting climate change scenarios. The results presented as alternative narratives of future climate change impacts on TFS will be integrated into a risk assessment framework to explore potential vulnerabilities of ISES operating through altered TFS, and possible adaptation options through stakeholder consultation so that lessons learned can be applied in practice.

Discussion

By undertaking a comprehensive analysis of the socioeconomic and nutritional contributions of TFS toward the sustainability of ISES and projecting future changes under alternative climate change scenarios, RISE is strategically designed to deliver novel and robust science that will contribute towards the integration of Indigenous issues within climate change and sustainable agendas while generating a forum for discussion among Indigenous communities and relevant stakeholders. Its goal is to promote positive co-management and regional development through sustainability and climate change adaptation.
1:1 CONCERTS for a pandemic: Learnings from intimate musical encounters
Authors: Grant Catherine , Loxley Slump Zoë , Walker Sally
Published: July 2022

1:1 CONCERTS is a performance initiative where a listener and a musician share a ten-minute, non-verbal musical encounter in a non-traditional performance space. The authors conducted a survey and focus groups with musicians, listeners and ‘hosts’ (facilitators) of 1:1 CONCERTS in Australia, seeking perspectives on their experiences of the Concerts during the COVID-19 pandemic. David Camlin’s three dimensions of music – aesthetic/presentational, praxial/participatory and social – served as a framework for data analysis. The intimate locational and musical aspects of the encounter generated feelings of connection, privilege and pleasure for many participants; for some, COVID-19 lockdowns, social distancing and live-arts deprivation heightened those feelings. We argue that while 1:1 CONCERTS retain presentational features typical of western classical music concerts, the model emphasizes the praxial and social dimensions of music-making, prioritizing process as well as product in ways relevant for music and music-making as a social resource, well beyond the pandemic.
Families as small-community quarantine pods of sociomusical engagement
Authors: Dahm L. Clayton , Flesher Jack , Cantarelli Vita Juliana , Campbell Patricia Shehan
Published: July 2022

This article considers the musical lives of eleven US-based families, micro-communities of sorts, as they were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and associated physical isolation directives. With a focus on family pods as sites and sources of community, we employed processes of virtual ethnography including interviews, observations and the distribution of cameras to help empower participants, especially the children, to become active collaborators in a research study called Project COPE. Families indicated that musical practices during this time of learning, listening, moving and creating with instruments, voices and one another served a variety of purposes. These included self-regulation, identity formation, transmission, social cohesion, emotional bonding, embodied communication, well-being and a recognition of communal music expression as a human need. We note that in some cases, this rupture has been an opportunity for refocusing, reworking and re-envisioning in ways that impact community music practice. In returning to in-person music making, practitioners should be aware of the creative ways in which families were musically active during this time apart. We urge diligent community musicians to continue responsive practices in relation to the ways in which families facilitate their own musical lives and community in the home.
The COVID carnival: Coping and recovering from the chaos of the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Smith Simeon
Published: July 2022

Masamba Samba School is an Irish community music collective, working with disadvantaged communities through percussion and dance. This report looks at how an Irish community music project, Masamba Samba School, reacted to the demands of COVID-19 across a number of arenas – rehearsal, performance, teaching and research. By casting the virus as an uninvited stakeholder in our projects, we began to investigate what the ‘needs’ of the virus were, and whether we could accommodate them and still deliver meaningful work with our clients. Masamba Samba School’s story is somewhat unique in that it continued to operate throughout the lockdowns, first by concentrating on online and offline activities, and then by slowly moving back into the ‘in-person’ teaching space. This article begins with a brief description of how our projects operated pre-COVID-19 and then describes the immediate response to the pandemic (largely a shut-down), recounting how COVID-19 affected school operations in different ways, detailing the practical steps Masamba Samba School took to resume the teaching and research arms of its work and discussing the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies. The final section speculates about the future for the organization and whether Masamba Samba School can return to the way it was.
Investigating well-being and participation in Florida New Horizons ensembles through the PERMA framework
Authors: Matherne Nicholas
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the well-being of older adults who participated in New Horizons ensembles and their perceptions of benefits from participation. The positive psychology framework, PERMA, was selected as a lens through which to explore participant well-being. Florida New Horizons members (N = 112) completed a survey that included the PERMA-profiler measure of well-being and researcher-designed questions that explored perceived benefits of participating. Benefits reported were consistent with past research on well-being supports from participation in community music groups. Participants received normal or high-functioning mean scores in all sub-domains of well-being. Participants in the 65+ age group (n = 95) also demonstrated significantly higher scores than the general population for overall well-being and for positive emotion, relationships and meaning sub-domains. Scores for negative emotion were significantly lower than the general population. Results suggest that participation in community music ensembles like New Horizons may have a positive impact on overall well-being for older adults.
Cisalhamento direto de lastro ferroviário: modelo numérico e sua calibração
Authors: Tumelero de Moraes Sílvio , Pereira Paulo , Gay Neto Alfredo , Liedi Bernucci Liedi , Mota Rosângela , Moura Edson
Published: July 2022

Esse trabalho objetiva comparar as formas de representação, por meio de modelagem numérica computacional pelo Método dos Elementos Discretos (MED), do lastro ferroviário, quando submetido ao ensaio da caixa de cisalhamento direto. Os parâmetros de maior variabilidade na literatura são analisados: coeficiente de atrito, módulo de elasticidade e coeficiente de resistência ao rolamento. Essa análise ocorre com a finalidade de compreender como estes afetam o resultado macroscópico final da simulação de calibração, verificando-se tanto a tensão de cisalhamento quanto a variação volumétrica. Comparam-se modelos compostos por partículas esféricas e poliédricas digitalizadas, sendo possível verificar a dificuldade do modelo composto por partículas esféricas em alcançar o nível de tensão esperado, adicionalmente à variação volumétrica, não se conseguindo representar a contração inicial vista em laboratório. Por fim, foram possíveis melhores calibrações empregando-se o modelo composto por partículas poliédricas digitalizadas, que proveram melhor descrição do nível de tensão e variação volumétrica do material de lastro.
Reduction in Nosocomial Infections in Patients With Cirrhosis During the COVID-19 Era Compared with Pre-COVID-19: Impact of Masking and Restricting Visitation
Authors: Park Dan , Houston Kevin , Duong Nikki K. , Dharia Neerav , Kamath Patrick S. , Bajaj Jasmohan S.
Published: July 2022

Nosocomial infections (NIs) in critically ill patients with cirrhosis result in higher death and transplant delisting. NIs are promoted by staff, visitors, and the environment, all of which were altered to reduce pathogen transmission after COVID-19. Two cohorts of intensive care unit patients with cirrhosis from March 2019 to February 2020 (pre-COVID, n = 234) and March 2020 to March 2021 (COVID era, n = 296) were included. We found that despite a higher admission MELD-Na, qSOFA, and WBC count and requiring a longer intensive care unit stay, COVID-era patients developed lower NIs (3% vs 10%, P < 0.001) and had higher liver transplant rates vs pre-COVID patients. COVID-era restrictions could reduce NIs in critically ill patients with cirrhosis.
Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury Associated With and Without Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms
Authors: Devarbhavi Harshad , Kurien Sunu Sara , Raj Sujata , Patil Mallikarjun , Gowda Vinod , Kothari Ksheetij , Singh Rajvir
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Immunoallergic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) presenting with features of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a distinct phenotype. We describe the clinical characteristics, hepatitis pattern, severity, complications, and implicated medications in DILI patients with and without DRESS.

METHODS:

Using established criteria, we analyzed DILI registry patients with and without DRESS from 1998 to 2021.

RESULTS:

DILI associated with DRESS (DwD) comprised 179 among 943 cases (19%) of DILI. Compared with the cohort without DRESS, patients with DwD are more often women and have shorter latency, lesser degrees of injury (P < 0.01), and lower mortality (7.8%) than those without DRESS (16%). Antiepileptic drugs (36%), sulfonamides (19%), antituberculosis drugs (14%), antibiotics (10%), and antiretroviral drugs (8%) account for 87% of the cases of DwD.

DISCUSSION:

A limited number of drugs cause DwD, representing a fifth of patients with DILI. DwD is characterized by lesser degrees of liver injury and mortality likely because of earlier presentation.
The Item Analysis of English Linguistics in the Public Secondary School English Teacher Employment Exams: 2019-2022
Authors:   The Society Of Modern Grammar, Lee Youn-Kyoung
Published: July 2022

The study aimed at examining the number of English linguistics questions, question formats, and test trends of the Public Secondary School English Teacher Employment Exam (PSSETEE) from 2019 to 2022. The results of the study revealed that the proportion of English linguistics questions had the highest proportion on the exam, comprising more than 26 percent in the PSSETEE. When analyzing the ratio by sub-field, phonology/ morphology and syntax/semantics showed the largest proportion in English linguistics questions, comprising more than 90 percent of the items. In particular, the ratio of phonology/morphology was more than that of syntax/semantics in the recent 4 years. This was different from the fact that syntax/semantics had the largest proportion in English linguistic questions from 2014 to 2018. Regarding question formats, the English linguistics questions tended to show more extended-response essay formats (n=16) than short-answer formats (n=10). Finally, the discrepancy between the rate of English linguistics courses in the Teachers College curriculum and that of English linguistics questions on the exam was discussed with future suggestions.
Riwāyāt al-Qirā'āt al-Qur'āniyyah fī Kutub al-Ḥadīṡ Unmūżajan: Riwāyat al-Ḥadīṡ min al-Syafāhiyyat ilā al-Kitābiyyat [Narrations of Qirā'āt in Selected Hadith Literature: The Transmission of Hadith from the Oral World into the Written Word]
Authors: Jalil Abdul
Published: July 2022

The narrators have tried to convey the hadith, its accompanying physical expression, and its reading methods to the listener directly in oral communication. Thus, these learning transmission methods shifted from the oral world to textual word, henceforth it made the narrators rephrase the verbal utterances into written phrases, such as “one separates the fingers”, “his/her voice amplified” and others. The problem is, written expressions might not completely transcribe spoken language, more specifically for the transmitting narrators of the reading methods of the Quranic verses (qirā’at āyāt al-Qur’ān). This article focuses to illustrate forms of narration on the Quranic reading methods in written expressions and the complementary explanations detailed by the narrators. The results appear that some of the narrations on the variety of reading methods of the Qur’an in some Hadith literature required detailed information, such as mentioning the letters of the Arabic letters and how to read specific phrases and punctuation. These additions clarify the variety of the Quranic reading methods hence such utilitarian information is beneficial for the narrations in the mediated world.
Understanding COVID-19 in Disaster Perspective Based on the Tatsunami Manuscript Kyai Haji Maimun Zubair
Authors: Anis Fathimatuz Zahra
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus 19 is a pandemic that has affected many parts of life, including religion. There are many viewpoints about the COVID-19 disaster in Islam. The Tatsunami Manuscript by KH. Maimun Zubair is one of the manuscripts that discusses disasters. This manuscript is the most recent Indonesian literature about disaster that can be used to comprehend the COVID-19. This study using the hermeneutic methods to reveal the meaning of the COVID-19 based on the manuscript's perspective and its significance for religious life. The results of the study show that this manuscript does not only contain the concept of disaster, but also offers mitigations and solutions that can be applied in the case of COVID 19.
The Religious Moderation Discourse in Social Media: Studies on Ach Dhofir Zuhry's Facebook and YouTube
Authors: Iswanto Agus , Maknun Moch Lukluil , Hidayat Roch Aris , Nugroho Muhammad Aji
Published: July 2022

There have been many studies that discuss the use of social media for disseminating the religious ideology of both conservatism and radicalism. On the contrary, there have only been few studies that deal with how the moderate groups disseminate the discourse of religious moderation, whereas this topic is significant to be discussed in order to view the strength and the weakness as well as the contestation between each group. This article presents the production, distribution, and consumption, and the social practice of the religious moderation discourse throughout the contents delivered by the figure from the groups of moderate Islam, from the Regency of Malang. The article is based on the discourse analysis toward a number of contents that have been produced by the figure and his team over YouTube  and Facebook. The study show that the production of religious moderation discourse in social media is carried out in two ways: conveying messages of religious moderation, and countering narratives of conservatism and religious radicalism. The prospect of Islamic moderation discourse holds the opportunity to gain success in countering the narration of religious radicalism. However, the success of discourse contestation is defined by the strength of their distribution.
Morteros de cemento Portland probados con dos superplastificantes: estudio de caso para la reducción de cemento y agua en concretos
Authors: Muñoz-Zapata Andrea , Colorado Lopera Henry Alonso , Cifuentes-Mosquera Sergio
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo reducir el contenido de cemento Portland en el concreto mediante el uso de bajas cantidades de aditivos. Esto, como estrategia de la asociación Industria-Universidad hacia la economía circular de hormigón en Medellín, Colombia.
Metodología: Utilizando un modelo estadístico factorial y multinivel, se prepararon mezclas de mortero con dos superplastificantes diferentes: el aditivo 1, basado en policarboxilato; y el aditivo 2, basado en naftaleno. Las muestras se evaluaron a los 7, 14, 21 y 28 días de curado mediante pruebas de compresión. El modelo mencionado se implementó para estudiar la influencia de los aditivos en la mezcla de mortero de cemento. La microestructura se analizó con difracción de rayos X y microscopía electrónica de barrido.
Resultados: Los resultados revelaron que ambos aditivos mejoraron la trabajabilidad. El aditivo 1 mostró mejores propiedades generales, por lo que esta investigación se enfocó en él.
Conclusiones: El aditivo 1 (basado en policarboxilato) reduce la relación agua/cemento de 0,485 a 0,38, lo cual corresponde a una reducción de cemento del 7,3 % y una reducción de agua del 27,3 %.
Nuevos desafíos de las pequeñas y medianas empresas en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Adan Gallo Johanna Catalina , Munar López Laura Alejandra , Romero Duque Gustavo Andrés , Gordillo Galeano Aldemar
Published: July 2022

Contexto: Las pymes representan aproximadamente el 50 % del PIB mundial, y debido a la pandemia por la covid-19, se han visto gravemente afectadas. Este documento proporciona un panorama general de factores que incidieron en la economía de las pymes y presenta algunas soluciones para mantener su operación en tiempos de dificultades.
Metodología: La elaboración del manuscrito esta soportada en literatura relevante publicada entre 2019 y 2021. La estrategia de búsqueda se aplicó a través de las bases de datos Embase, Web of Sciences, Scopus, bajo términos de búsqueda clave covid-19, pandemic, small enterprises, medium-sized enterprises, global economic, economic growth, developing countries, emerging economies, economic impact, financial fragility, government action*, credit risk, travel restriction*, e-commerce, digital technologie*, digital transformation, emerging market*, supply chain*, small business. Posteriormente, se efectuó la clasificación y análisis documental a través del método Raceer (recopilación, almacenamiento, elaboración esquemática conceptual, enlace de unidades informativas, redacción).
Resultados: El análisis de la información relevante reveló que la economía de las pymes cumplió un papel importante en la fuerte caída del PIB y en el aumento de los niveles de pobreza y desempleo a nivel mundial, y que aquellas que querían mantenerse en operación debieron reinventarse e incursionar con nuevas estrategias de negocio.
Conclusiones: La pandemia generada por la covid-19 produjo cambios significativos en hábitos de compra, métodos de fabricación y formas de trabajar que impactaron gravemente el desempeño de las pymes. Para lidiar con este nuevo escenario económico, se espera que la tecnología y la innovación direccionen a nuevos modelos de negocio de rápida adaptación.
Ukraine-Krieg und Ernährungswende: Implikationen für die Ernährungssicherung sowie die Biodiversitäts- und Klima-Agenda
Authors: Tretter Felix
Published: July 2022

Die Studiengruppe Systemische Ernährungsökologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Humanökologie veranstaltete mit Blick auf den Ukraine-Krieg und die globale sowie europäische Ernährungssicherheit einen Ad-hoc-Workshop: Wie passend sind angesichts des Ukraine-Kriegs aktuelle Schwerpunkte der Agrarpolitik, die sich auf Biodiversität und Klimaschutz ausrichten? Hilft nun nur die Steigerung der Agrarproduktion? Basierend auf einem Impulsreferat von Claudia Bieling (Universität Hohenheim) wurden die sektorale und systemische Perspektive erfasst und verglichen.
ANALISIS EKONOMI PADA PERENCANAAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA DIGEDUNG RUMAH SAKIT MEDIKA DRAMAGA BOGOR
Authors: Apriano Muhammad Diaz Reynaldo , Karnoto Karnoto , Sinuraya Enda Wista
Published: July 2022

Penggunaan teknologi sel surya sebagai sumber energi listrik di Indonesia masih sangat minim padahal potensi sumber energi matahari sangat melimpah. Hal ini sangat disayangkan karena sumber energi fosil semakin lama akan habis. Tugas akhir ini bertujuan menganalisa perencanaan sistem PLTS dari segi ekonomi dengan menggunakan software Retscreen. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis biaya investasi dan arus kas selama investasi,  yaitu Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit–Cost Ratio (B-CR), Payback Period (PBP), dan Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Hasil perhitungan analisis ekonomi teknik berdasarkan simulasi Retscreen menunjukkan penggunaan system PLTS pada Gedung Rumah Sakit Medika Dramaga sangat layak. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan terpenuhinya seluruh parameter kelayakan investasi dengan nilai Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp 4.223.379.970, lalu nilai perbandingan Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) sebesar 2,1, dan Payback Period selama 7,938 tahun, serta Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 12,5%.
IMPLEMENTASI DEEP LEARNING MENGGUNAKAN METODE CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK DAN ALGORITMA YOLO DALAM SISTEM PENDETEKSI UANG KERTAS RUPIAH BAGI PENYANDANG LOW VISION
Authors: Azhar Kevin Maulana , Santoso Imam , Soetrisno Yosua Alvin Adi
Published: July 2022

Penggunaan deep learning sudah diterapkan di berbagai sektor kehidupan karena memberikan dampak positif berupa kegiatan yang dikerjakan menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien. Implementasi deep learning dapat diterapkan untuk mendeteksi objek terntentu, salah satunya untuk mendeteksi objek uang kertas rupiah. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mempermudah penyandang low vision ketika akan menggunakan uang karena saat ini hanya menggunakan cara konvensional untuk membedakan nominal uang kertas rupiah seperti menyusun nominal ataupun membuat lipatan pada bagian uang. Pada tugas akhir ini, dirancang suatu sistem pendeteksian uang kertas rupiah pada citra bergerak menggunakan metode Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) untuk membantu penderita low vision. Algoritma untuk mendeteksi uang kertas rupiah menggunakan YOLO (You Only Look Once). Data latih yang digunakan berjumlah 1.260 gambar dengan 7.000 iterasi menghasilkan nilai mAP sebesar 97,65%. Hasil pengujian menggunakan data testing dengan jumlah data sebanyak 140 gambar bertujuan untuk mAP cross validation dan  diperoleh nilai mAP sebesar 97,5%. Sementara itu, hasil pengujian dengan variasi pada berbagai kondisi uang menghasilkan tingkat mAP sebesar 88%.
IMPLEMENTASI GOOGLE TEXT TO SPEECH PADA APLIKASI PENDETEKSI UANG BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Arrizqi Nafi , Santoso Imam , Soetrisno Yosua Alvin Adi
Published: July 2022

Text to Speech (TTS) adalah teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengubah teks menjadi ucapan, salah satu speech engine TTS adalah Google TTS. Google TTS diterapkan pada aplikasi pendeteksi uang memudahkan pengguna low vision mengenali nominal uang melalui suara dan tap action. Masalah yang muncul adalah hasil deteksi tidak selalu benar, sehingga Fitur TTS diatur untuk mengucapkan hasil deteksi hanya jika confidence level-nya tinggi untuk memperkecil resiko penyampaian kesalahan informasi deteksi ke pengguna. Confidence level adalah nilai probabilitas adanya objek di dalam bounding box. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya analisis threshold dari confidence level hasil deteksi untuk memisahkan antara confidence level tinggi dan rendah. Algoritma K-means digunakan untuk menentukan threshold tersebut dan didapatkan nilai sebesar 83,62%. Selain memberikan keluaran suara pada hasil deteksi, fitur TTS juga dipasang untuk memberikan tanda telah terbukanya aplikasi, petunjuk cara penggunaan, tanda proses deteksi dimulai, dan petunjuk untuk mengarahkan uang agar hasil deteksi akurat melalui ucapan kepada pengguna. Tingkat kebenaran informasi yang diucapkan pada proses deteksi sebesar 98,6% jika seluruh bagian uang masuk frame, 98,6% jika setengah sisi kiri bagian uang masuk frame, dan 92,8% jika setengah bagian kanan uang masuk frame.
ANALISA HARMONISA TEGANGAN DAN HARMONISA ARUS PADA SISTEM ELEKTRIKAL GEDUNG TEKNIK PWK DAN TEKNIK ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
Authors: Futri Ayun Brilian Sharizky , Karnoto Karnoto , Zahra Ajub Ajulian
Published: July 2022

Gedung Teknik PWK dan Teknik Arsitektur Universitas Diponegoro merupakan gedung perkuliahan yang mana di dalamnya terdapat beban non linier yang merupakan sumber utama harmonisa pada sistem kelistrikan berupa peralatan elektronik seperti komputer, AC, dan lighting. Berdasarkan IEEE Std. 519-2014, batas nilai THDv untuk tegangan di bawah 1 kV adalah 8%, dan batas nilai THDi disesuaikan dengan nilai ISC/IL. penulis melakukan kajian studi analisis harmonisa menggunakan pemodelan Single Line Diagram dengan software ETAP 12.6. Simulasi kondisi eksisting menunjukkan bus masing-masing SMDP memiliki nilai THDv dan THDi yang sudah sesuai dengan standar. Kemudian penulis melakukan simulasi harmonisa kembali setelah dilakukan redesain sistem penerangan dan sistem instalasi listrik, didapatkan nilai THDv tereduksi ±59,73% dan THDi tereduksi ±56,53% dari nilai eksistingnya. Dengan nilai THD yang menurun, sistem kelistrikan mengalami peningkatan kualitas daya, tegangan, dan efisiensi. Faktor daya bus trafo dapat mencapai 95,1%, arus menurun ±12 A, tegangan stabil 102-103%, daya reaktif turun hingga 109 kVAR, serta untuk daya aktif dan daya semu cenderung konstan.
Uwłaczenie czci lub powadze Prezydenta RP w świetle praktyki Sądu Okręgowego w Krakowie (1933–1939)
Authors: Szczepaniak Damian
Published: July 2022

Artykuł dotyczy postępowań o uwłaczenie czci i powadze Prezydenta RP, jakie toczyły się przed Sądem Okręgowym w Krakowie w latach 1933–1939, na podstawie art. 125 § 2 kodeksu karnego z 1932 r. Za przedmiot analizy posłużyły pochodzące z tego okresu repertoria karne oraz akta poszczególnych spraw. Jak udało się ustalić, w latach 1933–1939 przed Sądem Okręgowym w Krakowie toczyło się 49 spraw dotyczących uwłaczenia czci lub powadze Prezydenta, prowadzonych przeciwko 56 oskarżonym. Stanowiły one niewielki odsetek, bo jedynie 0,4% postępowań, które zostały wszczęte w analizowanym okresie przed tymże Sądem. Do naszych czasów zachowały się akta 24 spraw. Spośród 50 osób, których sprawy Sąd Okręgowy w Krakowie rozstrzygnął merytorycznie, ostatecznie prawomocnym wyrokiem skazanych zostało 35 oskarżonych, uniewinnionych natomiast 15. Pomimo tego, że za uwłaczenie czci i powadze Prezydenta kodeks karny przewidywał karę więzienia od 6 miesięcy do 5 lat, kara orzeczona prawomocnie wobec żadnego sprawcy nie przekroczyła 1 roku pozbawienia wolności. Na karę 6 miesięcy więzienia skazanych zostało 18 osób (w tym 14 z warunkowym zawieszeniem jej wykonania), natomiast na karę więzienia w wymiarze od powyżej 6 miesięcy do 1 roku 16 (w tym wobec 4 wykonanie kary warunkowo zawieszono). W stosunku do jednego oskarżonego orzeczono areszt jako karę nadzwyczajnie złagodzoną.
Wybrane aspekty reform skarbowości Imperium Osmańskiego w latach 1839–1876
Authors: Szulc Dawid G.
Published: July 2022

Artykuł stanowi przegląd wybranych aspektów prawa skarbowego Imperium Osmańskiego w latach 1839–1876. Nacisk położono w nim na zbadanie ewolucji podatków państwowych w kontekście ustrojowym oraz instytucji budżetu państwa, które we wczesnym etapie państwowości osmańskiej oparte zostały na regułach prawa szariatu, zaś od 1839 r. widoczna stała się tendencja do ich westernizacji.
Marcin Gadocha, Urzędnicy miejscy Biecza do 1772 roku. Spisy urzędników miejskich z obszaru dawnej Rzeczpospolitej, Śląska i Pomorza Zachodniego, t. 3: Małopolska, z. 6: Biecz, Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne, Białystok 2020, ss. 227.
Authors: Polak Maciej
Published: July 2022

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