bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symptoms and Underlying Factors of Depression among Inmates in Bonga Town Correctional Center, Kaffa Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Authors: Agegnew Getachew Roba , Mohammed Aregash Hassen , Worku Berhanu Nigussie
Published: October 2019

The main objective of this study was to examine symptoms and underlying factors of depression among inmates of Bonga Town correctional center. The institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed and through systematic sampling, 327 inmates from February to March 2017 were considered for this study. Data was collected by using a standardized self-reported questionnaire. Stepwise regression was conducted to identify associated factors. Mann Whitney U test was used to determine gender difference on symptoms of depression. The finding of this study revealed symptoms of depression (change in appetite, change in sleep pattern, loss of energy, self-dislike) prevail among inmates of Bonga Town correctional center. The level of depression was moderate 52.29%. Pessimism (r=.120, P=.030), self-dislike (r=.136, P=.014) and crying (r=.142, p=.010) were symptoms of depression associated with inmates years of incarceration. Socio-demographic factors, environmental factors were to as well as psychosocial factors were associated with depression. There was a significant gender difference in each symptom of depression; i.e female inmates suffered more than male inmates in each symptom of. Bonga correctional center communities should work cooperatively with Bonga G/Tsadik Shawo hospital to help inmates who were at risk.
Communication Style in Media Struggle, Misbach Communication Style in Early 20th Century
Authors: Arifin Syifaul , Utari Prahastiwi , Hastjarjo Sri
Published: October 2019

The mass media was used as an advocacy and struggle tool in the early 20th   century in the Dutch East Indies colony. One figure at that time was Haji Misbach (1876-1926) who used the Medan Moeslimin and Islam Bergerak media to convey thoughts, advocate citizens, to attack political opponents. What is known from Misbach is that he is an Islamic figure with the title of hajj, but he is one of the communist figures. He combines Islam and communism. The communication style used by Misbach, according to Stuart Hall's theory, is a low context that is the direct delivery of the target or purpose of communication.Whereas the Indies community at that time and Asia in general used a high context communication style that was full of ado, not directly to the problem.
Development of Physics Learning Instrument with Model Project Based Learning to Train Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Ansori Taufiq , Wasis Wasis , Nasrudin Harun
Published: October 2019

This research is aimed to produce physics learning instrument with appropriate project based learning models and be able to train critical thinking skills in senior high school students. The research was conducted in the second semester of 2018/2019 academic year in the Senior High School of Amanatul Ummah Surabaya. Learning instrument developed refers to the design of 4-D development. The data were collected by observation, tests, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis techniques used include analysis of validity. The results showed that the learning instrument developed (syllabus, lesson plans, teaching materials, student worksheet, and critical thinking skills test instruments) were valid categories, it can be concluded that the learning instrument developed has satisfy the criteria of validity so that it is worth using to train critical thinking skills in students.
Criticizing the Qur'anic anthropology of Muʿtazila, focusing on the issue of the superiority of angels over the prophets (PBUT) according to the principles of Ayatollah Jawādī Āmulī
Authors: Seyedy Mahmud , Bahrami Muhammad Amin
Published: October 2019

Prophetology and angelology are one of the main issues mentioned in the Holy Quran. But the question is which of the virtues is superior to the other in terms of the Qur'anic verses when comparing the good qualities of the angels and the prophets and according to the principles and fundamental of virtue ethics in Qur'an? The Muʿtazila believe that because of being preceded in some Qur'anic verses, the absence of evil attributes and their infallibility, the difficulty of worship and the being the Messenger; the angels have absolute superiority and virtue over the prophets. According to Ayatollah Jawādī Āmulī's interpretative-theological principles, due to the divinity of the different names of the prophets, the absolute and inclusive infallibility, the singularity of the angels and the material life of the prophets, the intercession of angels in some types of revelation, not all of them, the reasons of the Muʿtazila faces serious challenges and thus the virtue and superiority of the Prophets (peace be upon them) are proved.
Profit Sharing Agreement of Agriculture Land Using Pusako Land in Nagari Durian River Padang Pariaman District
Authors: Charly Ade Mai , Warman Kurnia , Nurdin Zefrizal
Published: October 2019

The agreement for profit sharing carried out in Nagari Sungai Durian, Padang Pariaman district is to implement a profit sharing agreement in verbal form based on agreement between landowners and cultivators, and trust between landowners and cultivators. based on Production Sharing Agreements rules in Indonesia, form of agreement for profit sharing must be in written form. the form of the agreement made in Nagari Sungai Durian Padang Pariaman Regency is in the form of oral because the production sharing agreement made verbally has been done hereditary and has become a habit by the people in Nagari. The right of the landowner is to accept the distribution of land yields in accordance with the agreement of the parties, while the obligation of the landowner is to surrender the land to the cultivator, and the right of the cultivator is to accept the distribution of land according to the agreement. the land he cultivated well for the landowner. Production sharing agreements made orally in Nagari Sungai, Padang Pariaman Regency are invalid because the agreement does not meet the nature of customary law, which is concrete and does not fulfill Law Number 2 of 1960 concerning production sharing agreements contained in article 3 paragraph (1) which states , the profit sharing agreement must be in written form and there must be two witnesses between the two parties
Granting Asylum to Truth-Seekers from the perspective of Qur'an
Authors: Movahedian Attar Mohammad , Mohammadi Ashenani Ali , Nabavi Seyyed Majid
Published: October 2019

From the very beginning of the Islamic era, it has happened many times that a number of polytheists, in response to their call of nature, applied for a voluntary listening to the Quran. This phenomenon, which is called "Asylum-Seeking of Polytheists" in the Quran, was considered as a unique and incomparable event throughout the Islamic history in the field of propagation of the religion of Islam for non-Muslims. Asylum means seeking refugee by the idolaters. In this case, it is obligatory for the Muslims to provide the ground for realizing this important issue, to remove the possible obstacles and to accept the asylum-seeker pagan and provide him with sufficient verses and proofs so that he may be guided to the right path.In this article, while giving an objective explanation of this issue, as well as referring to examples of "granting asylum to truth-seeking pagans", we study the practical solutions in this regard, which are presented for the first time and, if realized, good conditions would be created for non-Muslims. Obviously, this kind of asylum is a cultural and religious asylum and not a political asylum.
Capital cultural e viagens internacionais da classe média brasileira
Authors: Costa Filho Custódio Genésio da , Fernandes Renato Borges , Rezende Daniel Carvalho de
Published: October 2019

O entendimento do consumo de status em países em desenvolvimento carece de estudos demonstrando se há influência estrangeira e de que modo ela se processa na classe média nacional diante das diferenças de capital cultural. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento de consumo de status de diferentes níveis de capital cultural da classe média (classe B) brasileira em um contexto de viagens internacionais. Esta pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva foi realizada via grupos de foco e entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas com integrantes da classe média e, para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Após a análise de diversos itens de consumo de status, esta pesquisa concluiu que as diferenças entre os diferentes níveis de capital cultural se processam nitidamente em viagens internacionais, desde o interesse e planejamento da viagem até a interação com os nativos, passando pela distinção na escolha dos destinos e na programação das viagens. Simplificadamente, o domínio de outro idioma inicia-se, e a adesão aos pacotes turísticos levam a diferenças de comportamento de consumo em viagens internacionais.
The Impact of Motivation on Proactive Behavior in the Perspective of Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Suyoto Yohanes Totok , Prasetio Teguh , Naibaho Hastuti , . Sumedi
Published: October 2019

Using the Self-Determination Theory, the authors investigate the consequence of motivation. Speciﬁcally, this study analyzes the impacts of amotivation, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation toward proactive behavior of headquarter employees. Answering research problems and examining hypotheses, the authors applied regression technic to analysis eighty three data collected in the state organization which cover the Divisions under Directors of Finance and Human Resources and Sales Division outside of Finance & Human Resources Directors. The results of this research show that amotivation, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation signiﬁcantly and directly affect headquarter employee’s proactive behavior. These ﬁndings imply that company should give attention to the emergence of amotivation because amotivation can reduce or eliminate an employee’s proactive behavior in work which can ultimately disrupt the company’s performance. Moreover, the authors conclude by presenting theoretical and managerial implication.
The Inﬂuence of Employee Promotion, Upward Downward Communication and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction of PT. Holcim Indonesia, Tbk
Authors: Yansen Albert , Supriyati Yetti , . Kadir
Published: October 2019

Research was conducted to explore job satisfaction of employee in PT. Holcim Indonesia,Tbk.Thisstudycoveredforpermanentemployee.Thepurposeofthispaper is to investigate whether employee promotion, upward downward communication and work environment inﬂuences the job satisfaction of PT. Holcim Indonesia, Tbk. This paper is based on a questionnaire survey of all employee position (manager and non-manager) in all plant of Indonesia with a random sample of 225 employees, and the method of analysis used is the frequency distribution and path analysis. The Data was collected through a self-administered survey questionnaire. The questionnaire is adopted from a previous validated survey. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with Smart PLS. The results showed that among seven hypotheses tested, all variables have the positive inﬂuence, however, there are two latent variables which have direct signiﬁcant associations, while the others have not. A variable which have indirect signiﬁcant associations, while the other one has not. WorkEnvironmenthavedirectpositiveandsigniﬁcantinﬂuenceonthejobsatisfaction, while employee promotion and upward downward communication have a direct positiveinﬂuencebutnotsigniﬁcant.Otherwise,both employee promotion and upward downward communication have an indirect positive inﬂuence on the job satisfaction with intervening variable (work environment). The study provides ways to increase the job satisfaction of all employees so that they will be able to produce reliable company performances.
Does the Inclusion of Indonesian Firms in a Sustainable and Responsible Investment Index Affect Stock Performance?
Authors: Sutrisno Bambang
Published: October 2019

This study empirically investigates the effect of the addition of Indonesian ﬁrms in the sustainable and responsible investment index (SRI-KEHATI index) on stock performance. This study applies an event study methodology using a single index model. The empirical results reveal that there are two days with signiﬁcant abnormal returns, namely d+1 and d+3. This ﬁnding implies that the Indonesian stock market is efﬁcient in a semi-strong form. This study also ﬁnds that there is no difference in abnormal returns before and after the SKI announcement. The implication of this study is the investors do not have to consider their investment decisions based on the inclusion of a corporation in the SKI.
The Measurement of Bank’s Performance; Risk Proﬁle, Good Corporate Governance, Earning and Capital to Fulﬁll the Qualiﬁed ASEAN Bank’s Criteria
Authors: Nasri Rifzaldi , . Nuraini
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of performance of Indonesian banks that meet the Qualiﬁed ASEAN Bank (QAB) in terms of aspects of Risk Proﬁle, Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Earning, Capital. The research design is descriptive comparative with quantitative methods. The sampling technique used is Purposive Sampling from Indonesia’s national commercial bank which has the largest capital in ASEAN. The number of samples obtained was three banks, namely, Bank Mandiri, BRI Bank,andBCABank.TheresultsofthestudyshowthatonlyBCAbankshavethebest averageRGECvaluecomparedtoBankMandiriandBRIBank.BCABankcanmeetthe QAB criteria. Therefore, the Bank of BCA can rank I as a QAB Bank. This research is expected to provide information about the importance of measuring RGEC as a basis for meeting Qualiﬁed ASEAN Bank standards
Does Transfer Pricing Improve the Tax Avoidance through Financial Reporting Aggressiveness?
Authors: Herianti Eva , Chairina Septi Wulandari
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to test and analyze the effect of transfer pricing on tax avoidance with aggressiveness of ﬁnancial reporting as mediating variable. The study sample used a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2013-2017 with a sampling technique using purposive sampling, so that the number of ﬁnal samples obtained was 305 sample observations. This study uses a panel data approach to test the research hypothesis with eviews version 10. The results show that transfer pricing has a positive and signiﬁcant effect on tax avoidance and the ﬁnancial reporting aggressiveness, ﬁnancial reporting aggressiveness has a positiveandsigniﬁcanteffectontaxavoidance,andﬁnancialreportingaggressiveness can positively mediate the effect of transfer pricing on tax avoidance.
The Inﬂuence of The Firm Size and The Cost Of Debt Against Tax Avoidance with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Good Corporate Governance (GCG) as The Moderate Variable
Authors: . Rinaldo , Hartinah Siti
Published: October 2019

This research aims to know the inﬂuence of the ﬁrm size and the cost of debt against taxevasionwithCorporateSocialResponsibility(CSR)andGoodCorporateGovernance (GCG)asvariablesinModerationCompanySectorMininglistedontheIndonesiastock exchange(BEI)in2012-2016.Thefactorsthatweretestedinthisstudyi.e.theﬁrmsize, the cost of debt and CSR as well as GCG as Variable moderation. This research sample selection method is using a purposive sampling technique with a total of 6 companies in the mining sector of the BEI meets the criteria. The data obtained are then processed using the software SPSS (Statistical Program of Social Science) version of 22.0. To know the magnitude of the inﬂuence of the ﬁrm size, the cost of debt and CSR as well as GCG As Variable regression model analysis of moderation is used multiple linear, interaction test (MRA), an analysis of the correlation and coefﬁcient of determination. TheresultsshowedthattheﬁrmsizeandthecostofthedebteffectsigniﬁcantlytoTax Avoidance. And moderation research results showed that CSR is able to moderate the inﬂuence of ﬁrm size and the cost of Debt against Tax Avoidance in a signiﬁcant way, however, is a Moderation Pure (Pure Moderators). While the GCG Managerial Ownership by proxy are able to moderate the inﬂuence of ﬁrm size with Tax Avoidance but a Moderation Quasi (Quasi Moderators) and the GCG wasabletomoderatetheinﬂuenceofdebtCostswithTaxAvoidancebutaModeration Pure (Pure Moderators).
The Effect of Intellectual Capital Disclosure, Corporate Governace, and Firm Size on Firm Value
Authors: Rahayu Dewi Puji
Published: October 2019

This study aims to analyze the effect of intellectual capital, corporate governance and ﬁrm size towards ﬁrm value. The research method used is panel data regression analysis, by using purposive sampling method, there are eighty one companies from 2012 – 2017 period and listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The result show that, intellectual capital disclosure and ﬁrm size have a signiﬁcant negative effect on ﬁrm value. Furthermore, institution ownership have a signiﬁcant positive on ﬁrm value. Intellectual capital disclosure, institution ownership and ﬁrm size simultaneously have a signiﬁcant on ﬁrm value, with the value of the coefﬁcient of determination (R2) of 0.90, indicate that all independent variables can explain the variation of ﬁrm value of 90%, whereas the remainder of 10% is explained by other factors not included in the model.
Does Audit Quality able to Reduce Cost Stickiness? Evidence from Property, Real Estate and Building Construction Industry
Authors: Muluk Adrian , Herianti Eva , . Suwanti
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of cost stickiness at SG&A cost (Sales, General, and Administrative) and test whether the level of stickiness costs can be reduced through audit quality. The study sample used property, real estate, and building construction industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2016-2018 period with a purposive sampling technique, so that the ﬁnal number of samples obtained was 117 sample observations. This study uses eviews version 10 analysis tool. The results of the study show that every 1% increase in net sales will increaseSG&Aby0.610%.Meanwhile,every1%decreaseinnetsaleswillreduceSG&A by (0.610043-0.071380) 0.538%. Furthermore, the research ﬁndings show that audit quality can reduce stickiness costs. The implication of this study is that policy makers can use audit quality to reduce stickiness costs.
Environmental Accounting, Strategy, Sustainability Development Goals and Process Innovation
Authors: Hasanah Nadia Nurul , Setiyaningsih Titik Agus
Published: October 2019

Increased awareness regarding environmental issues has encouraged organizations to use environmental accounting and strategy that deliver many beneﬁts, including an increase process innovation which supported by sustainability development goals. This study aims to examine the effect of implementation of environmental accounting and strategy of the company’s process innovation which moderated by SDG’s.The sample used 9 of industrials company’s located in DKI Jakarta that registered as participants of PROPER Programme 2017 on food and beverages and pharmacy sub sectors with using survey data that pointed to accounting and production division. The analytical technique’s helped by using SPSS 25 software. The parameter of signiﬁcant value at 0,05 level. The result has indicate that:(1) the implementation of environmental accounting has a negative and signiﬁcant effect to process innovation; (2) strategy has a positive and signiﬁcant effect to process innovation;(3) SDG’s does not have a signiﬁcant effect top roscess innovation; (4) SDG’s has proven to moderate and strengthhen relationship between implementation of environmental accounting to process innovation; (5) SDG’s has provento moderate, but weaken relationship between strategy to process innovation.
Contextualization of Al Hisbah to Build A Government Internal Control System
Authors: Sari Arum Puspita , A. Birton M. Nur
Published: October 2019

State losses in the government sector are caused by a variety of complex factors, including the weakness of internal control system. The organizational factors and the quality of the supervisory apparatus are two weak points that cause the ineffective earlywarningsystem.Thisstudyaimstoevaluatetheweaknessesofthesetwoaspects to reconstruct the government internal control systembased on al hisbah.This study usesacriticalqualitativeapproachintheIslamicparadigm.Thisstudyemphasizesone of the non-ministerial government institutions by conducting in-depth interviews and documentation studies. The informants consisted of eleven people, which are experts in the public sector, chairman of the drafting team for the law of government internal control system, ofﬁcials in the Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform, technical deputies, APIP leaders in the government institution in question, and experts of al-hisbah.The result of the research shows that the institutional contextualization of al hisbahis compatible in reconstructing the government internal control system because it offers a more independent organizational structure and more competent human resources in quality and quantity at the level of central, ministry/institutional, and regional government.
The Effect of Audit Tenure, Company Age, and Company Size on Audit Report Lag with Manufacturing Industrial Specialization Auditors As ModerationVariables (Empirical Study on Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange)
Authors: Hoirul Fayyum Nur , . Hertanto , Rustiana Siti Hamidah
Published: October 2019

Thepurposeofthisstudyistoexamineandanalyzetheeffectoftenureaudit,company age, and ﬁrm size on audit lag reports with auditors specializing in manufacturing industry as moderating variables. The research data is secondary data obtained by downloading ﬁnancial statements of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia StockExchangeintheperiod2014-2017throughtheIDXofﬁcialwebsitewww.idx.ac.id. 12 companies were taken in this study that met the sample criteria. The analytical tool used is multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the audit tenure, and the age of the company had a signiﬁcant effect on audit lag reports, auditors specializing in manufacturing industry did not attach future competencies to work audits and companies related to audit report lag (ARL). While ﬁrm size is not signiﬁcant for audit report lag (ARL) and auditors the specialization of manufacturing industry weakens the inﬂuence of company size on audit report lag (ARL).
HRM, Marketing Strategic, Quality and Operations Management the Design to Improve E-Ktp Service Quality in the Klaten Population and Civil Registration Agency
Authors: Amalia Devi Fauziah , Purnomo Hari
Published: October 2019

Thequalityofpublic service refers to the satisfaction level provided by the government organizations, whichmeets or exceeds the customers’perceptions, demands, desires andexpectations.IncaseofE-KTP(ElectronicCitizenID),the main problem is basically to improve the quality of its service. The qualiﬁed services depend on various aspects such as its implementation (management), human resources, and institutions. The Servqual method was used to ﬁnd out the quality of E-KTP services in The Klaten Population and Civil Registration Agency (Dispendukcapil) and the service attributes that should be improved. The Kano method was employed to determine the attribute priority that must be improved based on its inﬂuence on the public satisfaction. The survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 148 respondents. Afterward, a statistical test was performed to assess the validity and reliability of the data. The results were all the expectations attributes and the performance assessments were declared valid since R
DECISION MAKING IN THE ERA OF INFOBESITY: A STUDY ON INTERACTION OF GENDER AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TENDENCIES
Authors: Maidullah Sana , Sharma Ankita
Published: October 2019

Purpose: This study examines information processing during consumer decision making on online platforms as influenced by gender differences and psychological tendencies. Further exploration is ‘how much information is too much information; leading to infobesity.’

Methodology: The methodology to address the objective included the questionnaires for assessment of psychological tendencies and naturalistic experiments to measure decision making in online conditions. An online marketplace prototype was created for mobile purchase, named ‘mobile bazaar,’ and another for hotel booking, named ‘backpackers.’ The prototype was designed in such a way that the manipulation of information presented to the participant is possible. Participants were recruited with purposive and snowball sampling method depending upon their willingness and familiarity with online market platforms. Final data were collected from Three hundred sixty-eight participants during the period of October 2017- March 2018. The data from questionnaires and the computerized task was scored and analyzed with SPSS version 21 with t-test, chi-square and logistic regression analysis methods.

Main findings: The present study shows the influence of psychological tendencies (i.e., need for closure, exploratory tendencies, and uncertainty avoidance) and gender difference in decision making. Female seems to follow ‘process less to process better’ strategy, whereas, men seem to follow ‘process more to get better’ strategy. The findings also provided input to the debate of information measurement in consumer research.

Implications: Understanding decision making features of Indian consumers can not only contribute to the understanding of the naturalistic decision-making process itself but also can provide inputs to the market researchers, designers, and policymakers.

Novelty /originality of the study: The study was novel in terms of its use of the online marketplace prototype as a naturalistic decision making study method. This method allowed the researchers to examine participants' behavior (of information processing and decision making) in real like scenarios and yet had the luxury of manipulation of presenting information as per research design. Therefore the findings of present study will have more generalizability.
Le particolarità della comunicazione paralinguistica sull’esempio della cultura italiana
Authors: Lomia Nana
Published: October 2019

L'articolo è dedicato alla ricerca di elementi non verbali nel discorso. Per dirigere correttamente il processo di comunicazione e per la sua adeguata valutazione è essenziale esaminare non solo la parte verbale, ma anche tutti i componenti del discorso scritto o orale, tra i quali i metodi paralinguistici. Lo studio si occupa di elementi extraverbali, come ad esempio: l’espressione del viso, la posizione del corpo, la distanza tra gli interlocutori, i movimenti, i gesti. Tutti i mezzi paralinguistici sono esaminati in base del materiale della lingua italiana.
The Burden of Hypertension and Diabetes in an Emergency Department in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Hertz Julian T. , Sakita Francis M. , Manavalan Preeti , Madut Deng B. , Thielman Nathan M. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Staton Catherine A. , Galson Sophie W.
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Little is known about the burden of hypertension and diabetes on emergency department (ED) utilization and hospitalizations in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: A retrospective review of adult ED patients in northern Tanzania was performed from September 2017 through March 2018. Hypertension was defined as documented diagnosis of hypertension or blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg. Diabetes was defined as documented diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or random glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL.Results: Of 3961 adult ED patients, 1359 (34.3%) had hypertension, 518 (13.1%) had diabetes, and 273 (6.9%) had both. Both hypertension (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.23-1.63, P<.001) and diabetes (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.66-2.54, P<.001) were associated with increased odds of admission. Of 2418 hospital admissions, 694 (28.7%) were for complications of hypertension or diabetes. Of 499 patients admitted for hypertensive complications, the most common admission diagnoses were: heart failure (163 patients, 32.7%); stroke (147 patients, 29.5%); and severe hypertension (139 patients, 27.9%). Of 278 patients admitted for diabetic com­plications, the most common admission di­agnoses were: hyperglycemia (158 patients, 56.9%); infection (60 patients, 21.6%); and stroke (28 patients, 10.1%).Conclusions: The burden of hypertension and diabetes in a Tanzanian ED is high, and the ED may serve as an opportune location for case identification and linkage-to-care interventions. Given the large proportion of Africans with undiagnosed hyperten­sion and diabetes, an ED-based screening program would likely identify many new cases of these diseases. The high burden of hypertension- and diabetes-related hos­pitalizations highlights the urgent need for improvements in primary preventative care in Tanzania.Ethn Dis.2019;29(4):559-566; doi:10.18865/ed.29.4.559
CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN SINGLE VERSUS DAILY PREFERENCE ASSESSMENT OUTCOMES AND REINFORCER EFFICACY UNDER PROGRESSIVE‐RATIO SCHEDULES
Authors: Call Nathan A. , Trosclair‐Lasserre Nicole M. , Findley Addie J. , Reavis Andrea R. , Shillingsburg M. Alice
Published: October 2019

Research has suggested that a daily multiple‐stimulus‐without‐replacement (MSWO) preference assessment may be more sensitive to changes in preference than other assessment formats, thereby resulting in greater correspondence with reinforcer efficacy over time (DeLeon et al., 2001). However, most prior studies have measured reinforcer efficacy using rate of responding under single‐operant arrangements and dense schedules or under concurrent‐operants arrangements. An alternative measure of reinforcer efficacy involves the evaluation of responding under progressive‐ratio (PR) schedules. In the present study, 7 participants were given a single paired‐stimulus (PS) preference assessment followed by daily MSWO preference assessments. After each daily MSWO, participants responded for each stimulus on a PR schedule. The correspondence between break points and preferences, as assessed by the 2 assessment formats, was examined. Results demonstrated that both preference assessments did equally well at predicting reinforcer efficacy, although the PS more consistently identified the most effective reinforcer.
ASSESSMENT OF PREFERENCE FOR EDIBLE AND LEISURE ITEMS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Ortega Javier Virués , Iwata Brian A. , Nogales‐González Celia , Frades Belén
Published: October 2019

We conducted 2 studies on reinforcer preference in patients with dementia. Results of preference assessments yielded differential selections by 14 participants. Unlike prior studies with individuals with intellectual disabilities, all participants showed a noticeable preference for leisure items over edible items. Results of a subsequent analysis with 3 participants showed reinforcement effects when highly preferred items were delivered as consequences.
AN EVALUATION OF EVIDENCE‐BASED INTERVENTIONS TO INCREASE COMPLIANCE AMONG CHILDREN WITH AUTISM
Authors: Fischetti Anthony T. , Wilder David A. , Myers Kristin , Leon‐Enriquez Yanerys , Sinn Stephanie , Rodriguez Rebecka
Published: October 2019

We evaluated 4 evidence‐based interventions to increase compliance. Three children with autism who exhibited noncompliance when asked to relinquish a preferred toy were exposed sequentially to interventions that included a reduction in response effort, differential reinforcement, and guided compliance. Results indicated that effort reduction alone was ineffective and that each participant's compliance improved after exposure to a different intervention; these results highlight the need to individualize treatments for compliance.
Decoction as an Alternative to Producing Indigo Tarum Areuy (Marsdenia tinctoria) Dyes and Its Role on Fiber Coloration from Cellulose
Authors: Mauliza Ika Natalia , Putri Vita Permata
Published: October 2019

Indigo natural dyes are generally made by maceration-fermentation for 24 - 72 hours impacting on productivity. A faster extraction method is needed by decoction methods. The faster production of indigo tarum areuy dyes is done by decoction at temperatures of 60ºC, 70ºC and 80ºC for 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes. The extract was adjusted to reach pH 11. Aeration was carried out 30 minutes and then deposited for 24 hours. Indigo dyes are determined yield, purity of indigo, and evaluation of the quality of the staining results using spectrophotometric methods and color fastness testing of washing. Increased yield of indigo dyes occurs at temperatures of 60ºC and 70ºC. At 80ºC, the yield decreases with increasing decoction time. The best temperature and decoction time for pure indigo yield and the quality of the dyeing results in cotton were at 70ºC for 15 minutes with a yield of 3.625 grams per 500 grams of leaves. The dyeing color of the cotton fabric has increased along with the increase in yield and the purity of the dye. The highest color determination is achieved by a cloth dyed by indigo dyes from the decoction process at 70ºC for 15 minutes, with a K / S value of 3.8754. The extraction time and temperature did not affect the washing fastness.
Effect of Heating on the Pretreatment Process for Recycling Li-Ion Battery Cathode
Authors: Muzayanha Soraya Ulfa , Yudha Cornelius Satria , Hasanah Luthfi Mufidatul , Nur Adrian , Purwanto Agus
Published: October 2019

The use of Li-ion batteries has increased with the increasing of portable electronic media. Li-ion batteries have a life cycle hence a recycling process is needed in order to reduce the potential hazard of waste while increasing the economic value of unused battery material, especially its cathode active material. This study used Lithium Nickel Cobalt Oxide (NCA) cathode scrap to be regenerated which NCA material has high energy density and high capacity. The pretreatment process is one of the determinants in the subsequent recycling process. In this study, the effect of heating on the pretreatment process was carried out with variation temperatures of 500-8000C to obtain powder which will be recycled. The combination process of the leaching and co-precipitation was used to regenerate the cathode active material. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was performed to determine leaching efficiency using 4M H2SO4 at 400C for 3 hours. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that NCA material has been successfully regenerated which the diffraction peaks of NCA material was in accordance with JCPDS standards. The morphology of NCA material was tested using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical testing uses a cylindrical battery at 2.7-4.2 Volt which the initial specific discharge capacity of the power is 62.13 mAh / g.
Relevance of the “Immigrant Health Paradox” for the Health of Arab Americans in California
Authors: Abuelezam Nadia N. , El-Sayed Abdulrahman M. , Galea Sandro
Published: October 2019

Objectives. To assess the validity of the immigrant health paradox among Arab Americans in California.

Methods. We used data from the 2003 to 2017 California Health Interview Survey (n = 1425). We used survey-weighted χ2 and logistic regression analyses to compare Arabs by immigrant generation on socioeconomic indicators, health behaviors, and health outcomes.

Results. Second-generation Arab Americans had higher odds of binge drinking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.53, 6.94) in the past year than did first-generation Arab Americans. Third-generation Arab Americans had greater odds of receiving the influenza vaccine in the past year (AOR = 3.29; 95% CI = 1.09, 9.98) than did second-generation Arab Americans. Third-generation Arab Americans had increased odds of being overweight or obese when compared with first- (AOR = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.02, 6.58) and second-generation Arab Americans (AOR = 3.22; 95% CI = 1.25, 8.29), respectively.

Conclusions. Alcohol use increased across immigrant generations, and we observed no differences in health outcomes, other than obesity. The immigrant health paradox does not appear to apply to Arab Americans in California; mechanisms that generate health in this population should be studied further.
Rural–Urban Disparities in Pregnancy Intentions, Births, and Abortions Among US Adolescent and Young Women, 1995–2017
Authors: Sutton April , Lichter Daniel T. , Sassler Sharon
Published: October 2019

Objectives. To examine rural–suburban–urban disparities in intendedness and resolution of first pregnancies among adolescent and young women (aged 15–19 and 20–24 years) across racial/ethnic backgrounds in the United States.

Methods. We used the National Survey of Family Growth and pooled pregnancy files from 2002 through the 2015–2017 surveys. We report baseline rural–suburban–urban disparities in first pregnancy intention and outcomes. We used multinomial logistic regression to estimate these disparities, accounting for sociodemographic background, religious upbringing, and other factors.

Results. The first adolescent pregnancies of rural women were more likely to be unintended and end in live birth relative to their urban counterparts. Disparities were most striking among Black adolescents, with about 60% of first adolescent pregnancies among rural Black women being unintended and ending in live birth (urban: 51%). Newly collected state health department data on rural and urban adolescent births and abortions corroborate the findings from the National Survey of Family Growth.

Conclusions. Rural–urban differences in the share of first adolescent pregnancies ending in live births are not accounted for by pregnancy intention or confounding individual-level characteristics. Future research should explore the role of structural barriers, including access to family planning and abortion services.
Patients with Type-1 Diabetes Are at Greater Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Duensing Ian , Anderson Mike B. , Meeks Huong D. , Curtin Karen , Gililland Jeremy M.
Published: October 2019

Background:

The effect of diabetes type on the risk of periprosthetic joint infection is not well documented. We hypothesized that patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 would be at greater risk for periprosthetic joint infection than those with diabetes mellitus type 2 and that a history of diabetic complications would be associated with an increased risk of periprosthetic joint infection.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study, within a statewide database, on all adult patients who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty, with follow-up of ≥2 years, from 1996 to 2013. Of the 75,478 patients included, 1,668 had type-1 diabetes and 18,186 had type-2 diabetes. Risk factors were calculated using Cox regression, adjusting for siblings and stratified by age. Logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of diabetic complications on the risk of periprosthetic joint infection, controlling for other known risks for periprosthetic joint infection.

Results:

There was no difference in age or sex between groups (p > 0.05). The frequency of periprosthetic joint infection in patients without diabetes was 2.6% compared with 4.3% in all patients with diabetes (relative risk, 1.47; p < 0.001). Patients with type-1 diabetes were at a 1.8 times greater risk for periprosthetic joint infection than patients with type-2 diabetes (7% compared with 4%; p < 0.001). The following diabetic complications increased the risk of periprosthetic joint infection: peripheral circulatory disorders (odds ratio [OR], 2.59 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.70 to 3.94]), ketoacidosis (OR, 2.52 [95% CI, 1.51 to 4.19]), neurological manifestations (OR, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.96 to 2.78]), renal manifestations (OR, 2.15 [95% CI, 1.66 to 2.79]), and ophthalmic manifestations (OR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.24 to 2.51]). The odds of periprosthetic joint infection increased with each added complication and patients with ≥4 complications were 9 times more likely to have a periprosthetic joint infection than patients with uncomplicated diabetes (OR, 9.47 [95% CI, 4.97 to 18.03]). Overweight and obese patients with type-2 diabetes and underweight patients with type-1 diabetes were at greater risk for periprosthetic joint infection compared with the general population (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Our data showed an increased risk of periprosthetic joint infection in patients with type-1 diabetes compared with those with type-2 diabetes, along with an increasing risk associated with additional diabetic complications. These findings emphasize the need to better understand the medical history of patients with diabetes for more appropriate risk management.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Reasons for Litigation in Arthroplasty Infections and Lessons Learned
Authors: Senard Olivia , Houselstein Thierry , Crémieux Anne-Claude
Published: October 2019

Background:

Infections complicate a minority of orthopaedic arthroplasties but are the leading cause of malpractice claims. The basis for the claims is unclear. The objective of this study was to identify the main deviations from current recommendations by reviewing patient files recorded by a major French medical liability-specialized insurance company for private practitioners (MACSF [Mutuelle d’Assurance du Corps de Santé Français]) and to analyze legal claims and outcomes of litigation.

Methods:

All claims data for periprosthetic joint infections were analyzed retrospectively from 2010 to 2014. Treatment strategies were compared with therapeutic guidelines published by medical societies.

Results:

Forty-five claims for periprosthetic joint infection were recorded; 82% of patients were men and the mean patient age was 63 years. Twenty-one patients (47%) had a knee arthroplasty, 21 had a hip arthroplasty, 2 had a shoulder arthroplasty, and 1 had an ankle arthroplasty. Twenty-three infections (51%) occurred within 1 month postoperatively. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from intraoperative samples in 36% of the cases (including 25% of these with methicillin-resistant strains), and coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated in 51% (44% methicillin-resistant strains) of the cases. Treatment lasted for a median of 9.5 months (range, 1.5 to 96 months), with a median of 6 months (range, 1.5 to 20 months) of antibiotics and 3 surgical procedures (range, 0 to 7 surgical procedures). A total of 18% of patients had antibiotic-related side effects, 2% of patients died, and 76% of patients had persistent sequelae. An infectious disease specialist’s advice was required for 56% of the patients. Discordances with therapeutic guidelines were found in 76% of the patient files, including delay in diagnosis (44%) and inadequate medical treatment (18%) or medico-surgical treatment (13%).

Conclusions:

Late diagnosis of early postoperative infections appears to be the major cause of inappropriate management and malpractice litigation. Discordance with current guidelines was identified. Early consultation with an infectious disease specialist may help to reduce malpractice claims.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Musculoskeletal Infection in Orthopaedic Oncology
Authors: Strony John , Brown Scot , Choong Peter , Ghert Michelle , Jeys Lee , O’Donnell Richard J.
Published: October 2019

Background:

The first International Consensus Meeting (ICM) on Musculoskeletal Infection convened in 2013 in order to provide agreement on the prevention, the diagnosis, and the treatment of surgical site infection (SSI) and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Recognizing the added susceptibility of orthopaedic oncology patients to SSI and PJI, the second ICM in 2018 included questions and corresponding recommendations from this subspecialty of orthopaedics.

Methods:

The 13 steps of the Delphi method were followed over the course of 26 months, starting in June 2016. From July 25 to 27, 2018, delegates from 93 countries convened at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Delegates were divided into their subspecialty workgroups, where questions and recommendations were discussed, modified, and subsequently voted upon. The level of consensus measured the agreement among the delegates on the basis of the voting results. The level of evidence that accompanied each question and recommendation was dependent on the types of studies that were reviewed for each question and the number of flaws that were present in those studies.

Results:

There were 30 orthopaedic oncology questions and recommendations that were voted on by 14 delegates with expertise in either orthopaedic oncology or infectious disease. Twenty-six (87%) of the questions were unanimous among the delegates. The remaining 13% (n = 4) were agreed upon by 93% of the delegates, with 7% of the delegates abstaining from the vote.

Conclusions:

The inclusion of orthopaedic oncology in the 2018 ICM on Musculoskeletal Infection was particularly important because of the high rate of SSI and PJI following these procedures. Despite there being strong consensus among voting delegates, these recommendations are based on limited levels of evidence and tend to reflect the recommendations from hip and knee arthroplasty. We hope that high-quality prospective studies in the field of orthopaedic oncology are available for the third ICM.
Efeitos da política cambial sobre as exportações de carne bovina brasileira.
Authors: Isaac F. l. , Souza J. G.
Published: October 2019

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar a estrutura de mercado internacional de carne bovina e os efeitos da política cambial adotada pelo Brasil sobre as exportações e o preço da carne bovina brasileira, no período entre 1967 e 2003. Para se analisar o efeito da taxa de câmbio sobre os preços internacionais da carne bovina em moeda nacional, faz-se uso do método de análise conhecido por shift-share. Nessa análise, obtêm-se os efeitos isolados das variações dos preços da carne bovina em dólares (efeito dólar) e da taxa de câmbio (efeito câmbio) sobre as variações dos preços em moeda nacional (efeito total). Verifica-se que a política cambial adotada pelo Brasil teve efeito positivo sobre as exportações de carne bovina no período entre 1967 e 2003. A taxa de câmbio real é claramente uma variável relevante para o desempenho do setor, corroborando resultados já obtidos por outros autores.
Réponse des poulets de chair a les régimes avec Bambaranut (Voandzeia subterranea) comme source de protéines.
Authors: Nwaigwe C. O. , Akwuobu C. A. , Kamalu T. N.
Published: October 2019

Les effets de la noix de bambara cru et grillé comme source de protéine pour les poulets de chair a été examinée en utilisant 45 broilers qui ont été divisés au hasard en trois groupes de 15 oiseaux. Les régimes de test ont été formulés tel ce la noix de bambara a constitué 25% du total. Le traitement 1 (contrôle) sans noix de bambara, le traitement 2 avec noix de bambara cru et le traitement 3 avec noix bambara réchauffée. L"étude a duré 6 semaines pendant lesquelles le gain du poids et la consommation de l"aliment ont été mesurées. Les résultats obtenus par des divers groupes ont été évalués en utilisant les gains du poids, la conversion d"aliment, et le coût par kg gaigné. Pendant l"abattage, les divers organes internes ont été excisés et évalués pour les grands lésions et pesés. Les résultats de l"étude ont montré que le groupe de contrôle avait le plus haut ratio de conversion d"aliment et gain du poids, pendant que le groupe de la noix de bambara cru était supérieur au groupe de la noix de bambara réchauffée. Le coût par kg gaigné était plus haut dans les groupes de la noix de bambara réchauffée. Il n"avait pas des différences statistiques (p>0.05) pour les poids d"organes ni pour le tissu adipeux abdominal observable et la grand pathologie dans les organes internes.