bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A long-lasting taxonomic problem in European Sympycnus resolved, with the description of a new species and data on habitat preferences
Authors: POLLET MARC , PERSSON MAGNUS , BØGGILD ESBEN , CROSSLEY ROY
Published: October 2015

Type specimens of Sympycnus pulicarius, S. annulipes, S. cinerellus and S. desoutteri were examined to clear up a long-lasting taxonomic confusion. Our study revealed that they represent, together with S. pygmaeus and S. annulipes var. brunnitibialis, a single species, with S. pulicarius as the senior subjective synonym, which is redescribed in this paper. Lectotypes were designated for Dolichopus pulicarius, Porphyrops annulipes, Chrysotus cinerellus and Sympycnus desoutteri. The postpedicel in this species shows substantial variation in shape and size, but the presence of a posteroventral bristle on the mid tibia is more reliable and the particular chaetotaxy and relative lengths of the tarsomeres of the male hind tarsus are entirely consistent. Both latter features separate S. pulicarius from another species, S. septentrionalis sp. nov., that is described here. Ecological data on both species were examined. An analysis of Malaise trap and white pan trap samples collected in Belgium revealed that S. pulicarius is most common in the western part of Flanders, and most abundant in open grassy habitats. In contrast to S. pulicarius, which is widespread over Europe, S. septentrionalis sp. nov. seems confined to northern Europe, where it exhibits a similar habitat preference.
The influence of storage time and temperature on the measurement of serum, plasma and urine osmolality
Authors: Bezuidenhout Karla , Rensburg Megan A , Hudson Careen L , Essack Younus , Davids M Razeen
Published: October 2015

Background

Many clinical laboratories require that specimens for serum and urine osmolality determination be processed within 3 h of sampling or need to arrive at the laboratory on ice. This protocol is based on the World Health Organization report on sample storage and stability, but the recommendation lacks good supporting data. We studied the effect of storage temperature and time on osmolality measurements.

Methods

Blood and urine samples were obtained from 16 patients and 25 healthy volunteers. Baseline serum, plasma and urine osmolality measurements were performed within 30 min. Measurements were then made at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 h on samples stored at 4–8℃ and room temperature. We compared baseline values with subsequent measurements and used difference plots to illustrate changes in osmolality.

Results

At 4–8℃, serum and plasma osmolality were stable for up to 36 h. At room temperature, serum and plasma osmolality were very stable for up to 12 h. At 24 and 36 h, changes from baseline osmolality were statistically significant and exceeded the total allowable error of 1.5% but not the reference change value of 4.1%. Urine osmolality was extremely stable at room temperature with a mean change of less than 1 mosmol/kg at 36 h.

Conclusions

Serum and plasma samples can be stored at room temperature for up to 36 h before measuring osmolality. Cooling samples to 4–8℃ may be useful when delays in measurement beyond 12 h are anticipated. Urine osmolality is extremely stable for up to 36 h at room temperature.
The Caring Self within a Context of Increasing Rationalisation: The Enduring Importance of Clients for Home Care Aides
Authors: Brown Kenneth , Korczynski Marek
Published: October 2015

The current political economy imposes cost-saving rationalisation within home care work. In this context, a key question is whether home care aides act with indifference to clients or whether home care aides continue to espouse and act out of the caring self, which centres on the desire to give meaningful care to clients. This article assesses the thesis of the caring self within a context of rationalisation in relation to home care aides in three organisations. The article brings qualitative and quantitative research to bear on this question. It finds that despite the processes of rationalisation occurring in home care work, home care aides’ overall satisfaction with client relations, and their ability to satisfy clients continue to have significant links to their job satisfaction, and discretionary effort. This offers support for the thesis of the caring self within the context of rationalisation.
Networks of Non-Participation: Comparing ‘Supportive’, ‘Unsupportive’ and ‘Undecided’ Non-Participants in the UK Student Protests against Fees and Cuts
Authors: Hensby Alexander
Published: October 2015

As a topic in its own right, political non-participation is under-studied in the social sciences. While existing approaches have tended to focus on the gaps between engagement patterns and public policy, or the rational disincentives to an individual’s participation, less attention has been paid to the explanatory power of socio-cultural factors. Taking its lead from studies by Oegema and Klandermans and Norgaard, this article uses recent student protests in the UK as a case study for exploring non-participation. Drawing on survey and interview data, findings indicate that whereas network access and collective identification are commonly seen as helping produce and sustain political participation, networks of collective dis-identification might help to produce and sustain political non-participation.
Interurban house price gradient: Effect of urban hierarchy distance on house prices
Authors: Gong Yunlong , Boelhouwer Peter , de Haan Jan
Published: October 2015

This paper applies a general spatial equilibrium model to investigate the effect that distance within the urban hierarchy can have on interurban house prices. Our spatial model predicts a negative price gradient towards higher-tier cities, which can be decomposed into a ‘productivity component’ and an ‘amenity component’, representing respectively the effect of wage differences and households’ valuation of access to higher-order services. The theoretical findings are tested on data for the hierarchical urban system of the Pan-Yangtze River Delta in China. Both central and subcentral cities are shown to impose statistically significant distance penalties on interurban house prices, even after we control for amenities and characteristics that are generally considered to be the determinants of house prices. According to the empirical decomposition, the negative house price gradients are largely accounted for by the productivity component.
A Magnitude Effect in Judgments of Subjective Closeness
Authors: Kanten Alf Børre , Teigen Karl Halvor
Published: October 2015

Events can be far away from or near an observer in several respects: They can be distant or close in a spatial, temporal, social, or hypothetical sense. They can also vary in magnitude, physically, or in terms of impact and importance. We examine the existence of a general effect of perceived magnitude on judgments of subjective closeness. Studies 1 to 4 show that proximity judgments, of any type, are affected by the severity of an event so that a highly severe event will be described as closer than a less severe one. Study 5 demonstrates the Magnitude Effect for positive events. Finally, Study 6 shows that the effect can be extended to distances between comparable events, in addition to the distance from an observer to an event. We see the Magnitude Effect as a spillover from the scales used to describe events to the scales used to describe distances.
The serotonergic system in the neurobiology of depression: Relevance for novel antidepressants
Authors: Köhler Stephan , Cierpinsky Katharina , Kronenberg Golo , Adli Mazda
Published: October 2015

The monoamine hypothesis of depression posits that an imbalance in monoaminergic neurotransmission is causally related to the clinical features of depression. Antidepressants influencing serotonin mainly aim at raising serotonin concentrations, thereby increasing serotonergic transmission at the level of the synapse, for example by inhibiting the serotonin transporter. However, the serotonin system is multifaceted. Different serotonin receptor subtypes turn the serotonergic system into a complex neurochemical arrangement that influences diverse neurotransmitters in various brain regions. Classical antidepressants as well as other psychopharmacological agents have various crucial effects on serotonin receptors. We aim at providing a clinically useful characterization of serotonin receptor subtypes in the treatment of depression. Clarifying the mode of action and the interplay of serotonin receptors with pharmacological agents should help antidepressant mechanisms and typical side effects to be better understood. Against this background, we feature the novel antidepressants vortioxetine, vilazodone and milnacipran/levomilnacipran with regard to their serotonin receptor targets such as the 5-HT1A, 5-HT3 and 5-HT7 which may account for their specific effects on certain symptoms of depression (e.g. cognition and anxiety) as well as a characteristic side-effect profile.
Optimization of scan timing for aortic computed tomographic angiography using the test bolus injection technique
Authors: Hoshino Takashi , Ichikawa Katsuhiro , Hara Takanori , Terakawa Shoichi , Hosomi Kazuhiro , Nishimura Kenji , Takayama Katsutoshi
Published: October 2015

Background

With fast computed tomography (CT), it is possible for the scanning to outpace the contrast medium bolus during aortic CT angiography (CTA).

Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness of a new method for reducing the risk of outpacing in which the scan start timing ( ST) and speed can be estimated from the peak enhancement time measured at the femoral artery using a single test-bolus injection (femoral artery test injection method [FTI method]).

Material and Methods

In 30 cases of aortic CTA, we measured the time to peak enhancement at the femoral artery ( TPF) and the ascending aorta ( TPA) with test-bolus injection performed twice in each examination. From the resultant linear relationship between TPF and transit time ( TT =  TPF −  TPA), we developed a method for determining the ST and TT from TPF. One hundred patients were assigned to two groups: FTI and bolus tracking (BT), each with 50 patients. CT values were measured in main vessels (ascending aorta, descending aorta, femoral artery). The CT values of the vessels and the rate of cases with more than 300 HU (good cases) were compared between the two groups.

Results

The enhancement in the FTI method was significantly higher than that of the BT method (average CT values: FTI, 388.3 ± 52.4; BT, 281.2 ± 59.1; P < 0.001). The rates of good cases for FTI and BT were 86.0% and 46.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

The FTI method was very effective in reducing the risk of outpacing of the contrast medium transit in aortic CTA without the need for an additional contrast medium dose.
Male-Female Differences in Knee Laxity and Stiffness
Authors: Boguszewski Daniel V. , Cheung Edward C. , Joshi Nirav B. , Markolf Keith L. , McAllister David R.
Published: October 2015

Background:

It has been reported that over 70% of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur in noncontact situations and that females are at 2 to 8 times greater risk of ACL injury than males. Increased joint laxity and reduced knee stiffness in female knees have been suggested as possible explanations for the higher ACL injury rates in females.

Hypothesis:

Compared with male knees, female knees will demonstrate increased laxity and reduced stiffness along the anterior-posterior (AP), internal-external (IE), and varus-valgus (VV) directions.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Forty-seven fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were tested (22 male and 25 female) by use of a robotic system. Mean ages were 34.6 years (range, 19-45 years) for males and 28.4 years (range, 16-42 years) for females. Joint laxity and stiffness were measured from force-vs-displacement or torque-vs-rotation curves recorded for 3 modes of testing: ±134 N AP force, ±5 N·m IE torque, and ±10 N·m VV moment.

Results:

Compared with male knees, female knees had greater internal laxity from 0° to 50° flexion ( P < .01; maximum difference of 8.3° at 50° of flexion) and greater valgus laxity from 0° to 50° of flexion ( P < .05; maximum difference of 1.6° at 50° of flexion). However, female knees exhibited greater anterior laxity only at 50° of flexion ( P < .03; difference of 1.3 mm). No significant male-female differences in anterior or posterior stiffness were found. Male knees had 42% greater internal stiffness from 0° to 30° of flexion ( P < .03), 35% greater valgus stiffness at 10° of flexion ( P < .03), and 19% greater varus stiffness at 50° of flexion ( P < .03).

Conclusion:

Female knees demonstrated significantly increased laxity and reduced stiffness compared with males. This finding was not uniform but was dependent on the direction tested and the knee flexion angle.

Clinical Relevance:

Understanding the risk factors for noncontact ACL injury is important for injury prevention. In combination with other female-specific risk factors, increased knee laxity may be a contributing factor associated with the higher rate of female ACL injuries.
“What Happened to Jokes?”
Authors: Lampland Martha , Nadkarni Maya
Published: October 2015

Since 1989, commentators on both sides of the Atlantic have mourned the death of jokes in postsocialist societies. While in fact humor has not gone away, the everyday experience of sharing jokes as an intimate form of political criticism has indeed vanished. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork, interviews, and archival research on the history of Hungarian humor, this article contributes a new perspective to the recent wave of scholarship on Soviet laughter, by examining the “loss of the joke” as both a cultural phenomenon and a critical discourse in postsocialist Hungary. First, we argue that a series of important shifts in the way Hungarians work, socialize, communicate, and engage in politics has led them to be far more circumspect in sharing political humor. Second, we analyze the self-reflexive perception of loss as a form of cultural criticism that indexes broader anxieties about the challenges of interpreting the operations of power under postsocialism. With this shift in political sensibility, we argue, the lament that the joke is “lost” may now offer more effective political commentary than a joke itself.
‘It’s a tough drug to kick’: a woman’s career in broadcasting
Authors: Eikhof Doris Ruth , York Charlotte
Published: October 2015

Research on creative work typically focuses either on precarious work and employment or on creative workers’ dedication to their work and profession. The account of UK broadcaster and writer Charlotte presented in this article bridges these two foci. Charlotte talks about finding work in the cultural industry she loves, moulding a portfolio of jobs into a coherent creative career, and being a woman and working mother in broadcasting and media. Her account gives rich insight into how creative workers exercise individual agency in the face of their industries’ structural constraints and how they pursue careers both because of and in spite of what the cultural and creative industries offer.
Three-dimensional finite element model of an automotive clutch for analysis of axial vibrations
Authors: Aktir Yasser , Brunel Jean-François , Dufrenoy Philippe , Mahé Hervé
Published: October 2015

Recent progress made in making clutches lightweight and in reducing torsional vibrations has led to the emergence of new vibroacoustic phenomena due to the out-of-plane vibrations of the clutch. These vibrations are generated along the axial direction of the clutch system. Contrary to torsional vibrations that can be simulated by unidirectional lumped-mass models, axial vibrations require a three-dimensional approach to describe the dynamics of the components. Finite element models are widely used to design or optimize the components of the clutch. However, no finite element model of a complete clutch has been developed for analysis of axial vibrations. The main difficulties are the complexity of the system, the great number of non-linearities, the difficulties of instrumentation for validation and the variation in the behaviour along the engagement stroke. This paper provides a validated three-dimensional finite element model of the dynamic behaviour of the clutch for studying axial vibrations. The model simulates the axial static and dynamic characteristics of the clutch. Model accuracy and validation are achieved by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data. The results show the crucial parameters to consider in order to reproduce correctly the non-linear axial behaviour and the dynamic characteristics of the clutch system, namely the orthotropic behaviour of the friction material and the geometrical parameters of some components that should be detailed. Validation is carried out on each component and for the system assembly by dedicated experiments and instrumentation.
Reforming Miners’ Lung Disease Compensation in South Africa—Long Overdue but What Are the Options?
Authors: Ehrlich Rodney , Rees David
Published: October 2015

A number of countries have workers’ compensation systems which reserve specific arrangements for workers in certain sectors, notably mining. This article describes the current impetus to reform of the century-old South African mining compensation system. It is intended as a case study of the implications of harmonization of two disparate compensation systems for occupational lung disease, specifically in relation to equity in financial benefits, equity in coverage, linkage of compensation to disease prevention, and efficient administration. After decades of neglect, it is clear that while inferior financial benefits for miners are no longer tenable, the costs of equalization are not supportable by the current actuarial status of the miners’ Compensation Fund. There is also an argument for two miner-specific entitlements to be retained—free medical examinations for ex-miners and autopsy-based posthumous compensation. A new dispensation to support the casualties of a declining industry will require sustained political will.
New strain energy-based thermo-elastoviscoplastic isotropic damage–self-healing model for bituminous composites—Part I: Formulations
Authors: Hong S , Yuan KY , Ju JW
Published: October 2015

New initial strain energy-based thermo-elastoviscoplastic isotropic damage–self-healing formulations for bituminous materials are developed and implemented for numerical predictions of experimental measurements. A class of elastoviscoplastic constitutive damage–self-healing model, based on a continuum thermodynamic framework, is proposed within an initial elastic strain energy-based formulation. An Arrhenius-type temperature term is uncoupled with Helmholtz free energy potential to account for the effect of temperature. In particular, the governing incremental damage and healing evolutions are coupled and characterized through the net stress concept in conjunction with the hypothesis of strain equivalence. The viscoplastic flow is introduced by means of an additive split of the stress tensor. The (undamaged) energy norm of strain tensor is redefined and employed as equivalent strain. A rate-dependent (viscous) damage model with a structure analogous to viscoplasticity of the Perzyna type is used for rate sensitivity of bituminous materials. In net space, Drucker–Prager yield function and Perzyna viscoplastic model are employed. Completely new computational algorithms are systematically developed in Part II of this sequel, based on the two-step operator splitting methodology. Comparisons with experimental results and numerical simulations are undertaken in Part II of this work.
Autoimmune-Like Hepatitis
Authors: Baniak Nick M. , Kanthan Rani
Published: October 2015

A 59-year-old female received a matched related donor stem cell transplant for chronic myelogenous leukemia. After being successfully treated with prednisone for chronic graft versus host disease that initially started 50 days posttransplant, she developed hepatic dysfunction during the steroid taper on day 531, as evidenced by jaundice, elevated liver enzymes, and increased bilirubin. Liver biopsy showed histology suggestive of autoimmune-like hepatitis, which is a rare manifestation of chronic “hepatitic” graft versus host disease.
Rejoinder
Authors: Miller Joshua D. , Lynam Donald R. , Campbell W. Keith
Published: October 2015

In this rejoinder, we comment on Wright’s response to our reanalysis and reinterpretation of the data presented by Wright and colleagues. Two primary differences characterize these perspectives. First, the conceptualization of grandiose narcissism differs such that emotional and ego vulnerability, dysregulation, and pervasive impairments are more characteristic of Wright’s conception, likely due to the degree to which it is tied to clinical observations. Our conceptualization is closer to psychopathy and describes an extraverted, dominant, and antagonistic individual who is relatively less likely to be found in clinical settings. Second, our approach to construct validation differs in that we take an empirical perspective that focuses on the degree to which inventories yield scores consistent with a priori predictions. The grandiose dimension of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI-G) yields data that fail to align with expert ratings of narcissistic personality disorder and grandiose narcissism. We suggest that caution should be taken in treating the PNI-G as a gold standard measure of pathological narcissism, that revision of the PNI-G is required before it can serve as a stand-alone measure of grandiose narcissism, and that the PNI-G should be buttressed by other scales when being used as a measure of grandiose narcissism.
Physical and mental health outcomes associated with prior food insecurity among young adults
Authors: Darling Katherine E , Fahrenkamp Amy J , Wilson Shana M , D’Auria Alexandra L , Sato Amy F
Published: October 2015

Following a biopsychosocial model of food insecurity, this study examined differences in physical health and mental health outcomes among young adults ( N = 98) with and without a history of food insecurity. Young adults with a history of food insecurity had higher average levels of body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, depressive symptoms, stress, and disordered eating scores than individuals with no history of food insecurity. No differences were found with symptoms of anxiety. Future research should examine interventions targeted at decreasing negative mental health outcomes and risk for overweight among young adults who have experienced food insecurity.
Indoor air flow motions caused by the fabric air dispersion system: A simplified method for CFD simulations
Authors: Chen Fu-Jiang , Wu Qin-Yu , Huang Dan-Dan , Wang Hong
Published: October 2015

The fabric air dispersion system (FADS) has many distinctive features and, when properly designed, can improve indoor thermal environment cost-effectively. In the present work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) procedures were utilised to investigate the FADS in penetration mode (FADS-PM)-induced flow fields. The mean velocity method (MVel) is proposed to approximately model the supply air flow boundary conditions, which could greatly influence the computational accuracy of overall fluid flow simulations. First, the hypothesis of even velocity distribution at air inlet was validated by flow visualisation and experimental data. Second, the simulation results within the room under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions were compared with those obtained by the direction description (DD) method. Furthermore, the computational resources required were discussed. The results demonstrate that the MVel method performs as well as the DD method in predicting the distribution of airflow generated by the FADS-PM. The MVel method is more easily implemented without considering the physical configurations of the fibre and difficulties in generating grid meshes due to the large scale of length to depth. In addition, the MVel method can greatly reduce the demand for computational resources and save computational time. The results of this research can benefit engineering designers by providing a method that evaluates the overall quality of the FADS-PM-based air-conditioning system more efficiently.
From lived experience to political representation: Rhetoric and landscape in the North York Moors
Authors: Emery Steven B. , Carrithers Michael B.
Published: October 2015

Approaches to landscape are characterized by an unresolved distinction between political representation on the one hand and phenomenology on the other. In this paper we address this distinction by demonstrating how those living in close quarters with landscape (farmers) translate their lived experience into political representation. Through the use of rhetoric culture theory we show how farmers use narrative and symbolism to stake their political claims. Moreover, we argue that a focus on lived experience should not deprive our ethnographic encounters of political significance. On the contrary, we demonstrate how by focusing on the lived experience of farmers we can better appreciate how they are motivated to act politically, have the skills to act politically, and gain political legitimacy in the eyes of others. We argue that whilst phenomenological approaches provide fertile grounds for political analysis, the majority of such research remains politically empty. We demonstrate how, contrary to much of the literature, farmers can and do aesthetically fix the landscape for rhetorical effect, and how narrative as rhetorical representation always already serves to politicize time. We suggest rhetoric, therefore, as an appropriate conceptual tool for mediating and advancing our understanding of the relationship between landscape experience and landscape politics.
Mycotic Celiac Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Batagini Nayara Cioffi , Teng Xiaoyi , Clair Daniel , Kirksey Lee
Published: October 2015

Mycotic celiac artery aneurysm (MCAA) is extremely rare. To date, only 8 cases have been reported in the literature. Endocarditis is the most commonly documented etiology. Here, we report a case of a subacute, symptomatic MCAA presenting with progressive enlargement in a patient who was previously treated for bacterial endocarditis. Management involved a 2-stage surgical intervention: First, aortohepatic bypass with autologous conduit via transperitoneal approach, followed several days later by ligation of the aneurysm base via retroperitoneal exposure. The treatment options for this rare pathology are also discussed along with a literature review.
Mixed Method Lessons Learned From 80 Years of Q Methodology
Authors: Ramlo Susan
Published: October 2015

Q methodology blends qualitative and quantitative, yet was only recently identified as a mixed method. Q has had a challenging 80-year history that can inform the broader but younger mixed methods community. This article introduces Q methodology and its position within mixed methods before discussing Q’s struggles against dismissive voices and faulty assumptions. The benefits of research communities and mentoring are also discussed within the context of Q’s history. Many of the struggles of mixed methods currently can be seen within Q’s history. The purpose of this article is to use the experiences within the Q community to benefit and inform the practice of mixed methods researchers in ways that assist all of us to best study our world.
Insulin degludec and insulin aspart: novel insulins for the management of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Atkin Stephen , Javed Zeeshan , Fulcher Gregory
Published: October 2015

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus require insulin as disease progresses to attain or maintain glycaemic targets. Basal insulin is commonly prescribed initially, alone or with one or more rapid-acting prandial insulin doses, to limit mealtime glucose excursions (a basal–bolus regimen). Both patients and physicians must balance the advantages of improved glycaemic control with the risk of hypoglycaemia and increasing regimen complexity. The rapid-acting insulin analogues (insulin aspart, insulin lispro and insulin glulisine) all have similar pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics and clinical efficacy/safety profiles. However, there are important differences in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of basal insulins (insulin glargine, insulin detemir and insulin degludec). Insulin degludec is an ultra-long-acting insulin analogue with a flat and stable glucose-lowering profile, a duration of action exceeding 30 h and less inter-patient variation in glucose-lowering effect than insulin glargine. In particular, the chemical properties of insulin degludec have allowed the development of a soluble co-formulation with prandial insulin aspart (insulin degludec/insulin aspart) that provides basal insulin coverage for at least 24 h with additional mealtime insulin for one or two meals depending on dose frequency. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies have shown that the distinct, long basal glucose-lowering action of insulin degludec and the prandial glucose-lowering effect of insulin aspart are maintained in the co-formulation. Evidence from pivotal phase III clinical trials indicates that insulin degludec/insulin aspart translate into sustained glycaemic control with less hypoglycaemia and the potential for a simpler insulin regimen with fewer daily injections.
Palliation of Truncus Arteriosus Associated With Complete Atrioventricular Canal—Results of Single Ventricle Palliation
Authors: He Dingchao , Olivieri Laura J. , Jonas Richard A. , Sinha Pranava
Published: October 2015

Background:

Truncus arteriosus associated with complete atrioventricular canal defect is rare and continues to be a surgical challenge with high morbidity and mortality. In the absence of extension of the ventricular septal defect to the outlet septum, biventricular repair is precluded, and single ventricle palliation remains the only option. We present our experience with five patients with truncus arteriosus and complete atrioventricular canal defect who underwent single ventricular palliation.

Methods:

Five patients with truncus arteriosus and complete atrioventricular canal defect managed along the single ventricle palliation pathway were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, echocardiographic, cardiac catheterization, and perioperative data were analyzed.

Results:

All patients underwent neonatal palliation tailored to their anatomy (excision of pulmonary arteries from the common trunk and systemic to pulmonary artery shunt in two patients, excision of pulmonary artery and right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit in two patients, and bilateral branch pulmonary artery bands in one patient). There were two early deaths after neonatal palliation. At a median follow-up of 210 days (interquartile range 1,210 days), all three survivors have undergone second-stage palliation. Of these patients, one is interstage II to III, and two patients have completed their Fontan procedure and are doing well.

Conclusion:

Truncus arteriosus with complete atrioventricular canal defect is a rare combination of defects. Single ventricle palliation pathway with a tailored neonatal approach may be employed for patients with uncommitted ventricular septal defects.
Are We Overdiagnosing Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Patients Following Cardiac Surgery?
Authors: Soni Meshal , Piggott Kurt D. , DeCampli William , Ramirez Jorge , Pourmoghadam Kamal , Fakioglu Harun , Blanco Carlos
Published: October 2015

Background:

The use of two diagnostic criteria in the current literature has led to some degree of ambiguity in the precise diagnosis of acute kidney injury in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease. This study aims to determine which criteria is the most accurate diagnostic indicator of acute kidney injury and determine whether the incidence is being overestimated based on the current criteria.

Methods:

This retrospective study consisted of 389 patients with congenital heart disease from birth to 18 years, who underwent cardiac surgery. The statistical tests conducted were the student t test and chi-square test. Outcomes measured included hospital length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and mortality.

Results:

The incidence rate of acute kidney injury diagnosed by the pediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage Renal Disease (RIFLE) criterion was 56% compared to 24.4% for the Acute Kidney Injury Network criterion. The pediatric RIFLE criterion consists of the following subsets: risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage renal disease. Patients classified in the “risk” subset of the pediatric RIFLE criterion who failed to meet Acute Kidney Injury Network criterion were compared to patients without acute kidney injury. Comparison of intensive care unit outcomes between these groups lacked statistical significance for all variables except the duration of mechanical ventilation postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Although recent research in this field identified the pediatric RIFLE criterion as the most sensitive indicator of acute kidney injury, the results of this study suggest the pediatric RIFLE criterion overestimates acute kidney injury incidence and that the Acute Kidney Injury Network criterion is the more accurate diagnostic indicator.
An Investigation of Metadiscourse Features in International Postgraduate Business Students’ Texts
Authors: Alyousef Hesham Suleiman
Published: October 2015

Metadiscourse analysis reveals the way writers engage with different texts and communicate with each other. Examining these linguistic resources is important because they play a vital role in maximizing the learning experiences of students in the Master’s program in Accounting. Yet, there is a lack of research investigating these features in a key topic in the Principles of Finance course: management reports that encompass tables and graphs. This study explores the use of metadiscourse markers in three multimodal management reports written by 10 international Master’s of Accounting students. It employs Hyland and Tse’s model and Hyland’s model for the multimodal analysis of metadiscourse markers in finance texts. The findings show a high frequency of interactive and interactional markers in the orthographic texts compared with a lack of implicit interactive markers and a high frequency of implicit interactional markers in the tables and graphs. Implications for the teaching of English for Business Purposes (EBP) are discussed.
Endocrine-Disrupting Activity of Hydraulic Fracturing Chemicals and Adverse Health Outcomes After Prenatal Exposure in Male Mice
Authors: Kassotis Christopher D. , Klemp Kara C. , Vu Danh C. , Lin Chung-Ho , Meng Chun-Xia , Besch-Williford Cynthia L. , Pinatti Lisa , Zoeller R. Thomas , Drobnis Erma Z. , Balise Victoria D. , Isiguzo Chiamaka J. , Williams Michelle A. , Tillitt Donald E. , Nagel Susan C.
Published: October 2015

Oil and natural gas operations have been shown to contaminate surface and ground water with endocrine-disrupting chemicals. In the current study, we fill several gaps in our understanding of the potential environmental impacts related to this process. We measured the endocrine-disrupting activities of 24 chemicals used and/or produced by oil and gas operations for five nuclear receptors using a reporter gene assay in human endometrial cancer cells. We also quantified the concentration of 16 of these chemicals in oil and gas wastewater samples. Finally, we assessed reproductive and developmental outcomes in male C57BL/6J mice after the prenatal exposure to a mixture of these chemicals. We found that 23 commonly used oil and natural gas operation chemicals can activate or inhibit the estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, progesterone, and/or thyroid receptors, and mixtures of these chemicals can behave synergistically, additively, or antagonistically in vitro. Prenatal exposure to a mixture of 23 oil and gas operation chemicals at 3, 30, and 300 μg/kg · d caused decreased sperm counts and increased testes, body, heart, and thymus weights and increased serum testosterone in male mice, suggesting multiple organ system impacts. Our results suggest possible adverse developmental and reproductive health outcomes in humans and animals exposed to potential environmentally relevant levels of oil and gas operation chemicals.
Following Snakes and Moths: Modernist Ethics and Posthumanism
Authors: Ryan Derek
Published: October 2015

This essay argues that a posthumanist ethics is at the heart of modernist aesthetics. Drawing connections between literary ethics and posthumanist theory, it reads D. H. Lawrence’s poem “Snake” and Virginia Woolf ’s essay “The Death of the Moth” as examples of nonanthropocentric ethical encounters between human and animal. In particular, the essay explores how the use of figurative language in these modernist texts opens up the imaginative possibilities of an anthropomorphism that paradoxically unsettles human-centered worldviews and instead seeks to more intimately engage with nonhuman life. In experimenting with a “nonanthropocentric anthropomorphism,” it is claimed that modernist ethics is founded on the attempt to respond to the demands, in both content and form, of “unrecognizable” creatures.
Labor Games: Youth, Work, and Politics in East Asia
Authors: Lukacs Gabriella
Published: October 2015

The departure point for this introduction is the proposition that youth unemployment and underemployment are not social anomalies, but they are the new faces of labor for youth in East Asia. This introductory essay argues that a global crisis in capitalism that began in the early 1970s and peaked in the late 1990s pressured China, Japan, and South Korea to mobilize (and disenfranchise) their young demographics in their transitions from a developmental state model of economic growth toward a neoliberal model of economic management and governance. As such, the essay argues, China, Japan, and South Korea gamble with the future of their younger population in order to secure their country's place in neoliberal globalization. Further, the introduction reviews pertinent literature on the developmental state, neoliberalism, affective/emotional labor, and postcapitalist politics that the contributors engage in developing their arguments. Lastly, it offers an overview of the specific facets of youth unemployment and underemployment that the individual authors explore in their essays.
“Days of Love and Labor”: Remediating the Logic of Labor and Debt in Contemporary Japan
Authors: Fisch Michael
Published: October 2015

This article explores the discourses and realities surrounding life and labor in contemporary Japan through a keitai (smartphone) game entitled Days of Love and Labor (Ai to rōdō no hibi). While promising players a simulated employment experience in order to reflect on the possibility of happiness in life, what the game ultimately delivers is a simulation of unmanageable debt and alienation. The author's argument treats Days of Love and Labor as a form of serious play as it inquires into the possible appeal behind this simulation. The first part of the article draws on an interview with the game's developers to explore the way in which the game's salaryman employment paradigm intersects with current discourses surrounding youth and employment in contemporary Japan. In this context, the author argues that the game valorizes a certain information labor ideal within a neoliberal schema of human capital. The article's second part turns to an online discussion of the game. There the author shows that the way in which players receive the game contradicts the game developers' intentions. The author further argues that this mode of reception potentially transforms simulated debt from an alienating experience and provocation for solitary reflection on the (un)happiness of life under capitalism into a medium of collective reflection.
Language Travels and Global Aspirations of Korean Youth
Authors: Chun Jennifer Jihye , Han Ju Hui Judy
Published: October 2015

The so-called English fever and the international mobility of South Korean youth are linked to the popular pursuit of English-language education in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. From the perspective of young overseas travelers, these are short-term, semistructured “international experiences” beyond mere language training, and they are widely perceived as necessary for enhancing one's value and career prospects in the competitive job market back home. Based on an in-depth study of temporary Korean residents in Vancouver, this article explores the everyday experiences and subjective transformations produced by English-language travel overseas. Drawing upon surveys, interviews, and focus groups, the authors find that temporary sojourns to English-speaking destinations such as Vancouver represent more than rational, instrumental strategies to enhance one's future employability and socioeconomic advancement. They constitute a critical evaluative terrain in which Korean youth assess and reassess their mobility strategies, life trajectories, and identities in the context of Korea's seemingly relentless pursuit of individual and national advancement in an economically and racially stratified world order. In this sense, overseas language travels operate as spaces that both reinscribe as well as destabilize existing social hierarchies along race, class, and nation.
Gelation Properties of Aprotic Low-Molecular-Mass Organic Gelators Based on a Gemini 4-[2-(Perfluoroalkyl)ethylsulfanyl]phenoxy Derivative Unit
Authors: Yoshida Tomohiro , Hirakawa Tomomi , Nakamura Toru , Yamada Yasuhiro , Tatsuno Hiroko , Hirai Masayuki , Morita Yuki , Okamoto Hiroaki
Published: October 2015

Gelation properties of aprotic low-molecular-mass organic gelators (LMOGs) based on a gemini 4-[2-(perfluoroalkyl)ethylsulfanyl]phenoxy derivative unit are described. These LMOGs without hydrogen-bonding functional groups produced physical gels in several organic solvents such as ethanol, 1-octanol, acetonitrile, DMF, DMSO, propylene carbonate, and γ-butyrolactone at low concentration below 1 wt %. From the results of microscope observation and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, these aprotic LMOG molecules were aggregated into tape-shaped molecular nanofibers, and formed three-dimensional networks. In addition, the self-diffusion coefficient of the solvent molecules in these networks was similar to that of neat, although these solvent molecules have non-fluidity by gelation.
Selective Synthesis of Nanospheres and Nanosheets of Bismuth Subcarbonate
Authors: Jeon Seong Gi , Park Sun Hwa , Yu Jin , Song Jae Yong
Published: October 2015

Bismuth subcarbonate ((BiO)2CO3) nanospheres (150 nm in diameter) and nanosheets (5 nm thickness) were selectively synthesized in ultra-dilute bismuth nitrate solutions of 1 to 100 µM. Bismuth ions react with carbonic acid, which is formed by CO2 dissolved in water, and (BiO)2CO3 nanostructures are synthesized by the reaction of BiONO3 and carbonic acid. The morphologies of the nanostructures are controlled by the reaction kinetics, proportional to the concentration of reactant ions; lower concentration leads to slower reaction and isotropic growth of nanospheres, while higher concentration causes faster reaction in the direction of higher indexed plane, and nanosheets are synthesized.
Η εξέταση, ανάλυση και συντήρηση της εικόνας της Αποκαθηλώσεως από τη Συλλογή Ανδρεάδη
Authors: Φαρμακαλίδου Ελένη - Βερόνικα , Γκιώνης Βασίλης , Χρυσικός Γιώργος
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
Some Interpretations
Authors: Πωλογιώργη Μέλπω
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
The Present becomes the Past: Photographs of Anafi from the 1960s
Authors: Kenna Margaret E.
Published: October 2015

Μέσα από µια συλλογή εκατοντάδων ασπρόµαυρων και λίγων έγχρωµων φωτογραφιών, που δώρισε η γράφουσα στο Τµήµα Φωτογραφικών Αρχείων του Μουσείου Μπενάκη, εικονογραφείται η ζωή των κατοίκων της Ανάφης στα µέσα της δεκαετίας του 1960. Τις λήψεις έκανε η δωρήτρια από τον Μάιο 1966 έως τον Αύγουστο 1967 στο πλαίσιο της έρευνάς της στο νησί, για την εκπόνηση διδακτορικής διατριβής στην κοινωνική ανθρωπολογία. Οι φωτογραφίες καταγράφουν τον ετήσιο κύκλο των αγροτικών εργασιών (όργωµα, σπορά, θερισµός, αλώνισµα, µάζεµα της ελιάς, επεξεργασία στο ελαιοτριβείο), σηµαντικές θρησκευτικές εορτές (γιορτές αγίων, απόκριες, Πάσχα), καθώς και ταφικές και επιµνηµόσυνες τελετές (κηδείες, µνηµόσυνα, εκταφή κ.ά.). Παρουσιάζουν, επίσης, απόψεις κυκλαδίτικων σπιτιών µε τη χαρακτηριστική καµάρα, οικισµών και τοπίων. Αποτελούν έτσι σπάνιες µαρτυρίες της ζωής σε ένα από τα νησιά της “άγονης γραµµής”, που βρισκόταν, όπως έλεγαν οι ίδιοι οι κάτοικοί του, «εκατό χρόνια πίσω από τον υπόλοιπο κόσµο»σκεφτεί κανείς ότι σήµερα η Ανάφη έχει πολύ περισσότερο πληθυσµό και µια ανθηρή τουριστική οικονοµία.
Fourteen student drawings from the School of Arts
Authors: Καρδαμίτση-Αδάμη Μάρω
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
A collection of Chinese ceramics at the Benaki Museum
Authors: Manginis George
Published: October 2015

Η συλλογή κινεζικής κεραµικής του Μουσείου Μπενάκη δωρήθηκε ανάµεσα στα έτη 1927 και 1936 από τον χιακής καταγωγής Βρετανό επιχειρηµατία Γεώργιο Ευµορφόπουλο (1863-1939) (εικ. 1). Αποτελεί ένα από τα πρωιµότερα σύνολα απωανατολικής κεραµικής που αποθησαυρίστηκαν µε σκοπό την έκθεσή τους σε µουσείο και αντιπροσωπεύει ό,τι για τους µελετητές της µεσοπολεµικής Δύσης χαρακτήριζε την τέχνη της Κίνας. Περιλαµβάνει αποκλειστικά έργα κεραµικής, της δηµοφιλέστερης έκφρασης της κινεζικής καλλιτεχνικής παραγωγής. Η γενιά του Ευµορφόπουλου εστίασε στις πρώιµες περιόδους της κινεζικής τέχνης, αναγνωρίζοντας στα τεχνουργήµατά τους τις αισθητικές αρχές που ενέπνευσαν τις αναζητήσεις πρωτοπόρων καλλιτεχνών  του πρώιµου 20ού αιώνα: αδρότητα γραµµών, απλότητα διακόσµησης, αισθαντικές εφυαλώσεις, ηθεληµένα “ηµιτελές” αποτέλεσµα (εικ. 7-10, 13). Μολονότι τα χαρακτηριστικά αυτά απαντούν στη συλλογή του Μουσείου Μπενάκη, η πλειονότητα των αντικειµένων φαίνεται πως συνάδει µε στερεότυπα του 19ου αιώνα, εµµένοντας σε ιστορηµένες πορσελάνες µε “εξωτική” θεµατολογία (εικ. 3-6). Η επιλογή αυτή πιθανότατα υπαγορεύθηκε από τον παιδευτικό ρόλο της συλλογής. Παρά ταύτα, ο Ευµορφόπουλος ήταν πρωτοπόρος στις συλλεκτικές του προτιµήσεις και είχε ευρύτερες αντιλήψεις από συγχρόνους του ακαδηµαϊκούς συλλέκτες, όπως ο Sir Percival David. Η εγκυκλοπαιδική και αισθητική προσέγγισή του συνδύαζε έργα σύγχρονης τέχνης, ευρωπαϊκές αντίκες και απωανατολικά και ισλαµικά τεχνουργήµατα (εικ. 11, 12). Ο φιλελληνισµός του προσέγγιζε εκείνον των Ελλήνων συλλεκτών της όψιµης βικτοριανής Βρετανίας, όπως η οικογένεια Ιωνίδη· εκείνοι όµως επέλεξαν να προσφέρουν εκπαιδευτικά ιδρύµατα και νοσοκοµεία, παρά έργα τέχνης στο νέο κράτος. Ο Ευµορφόπουλος, ενστερνιζόµενος τις αντιλήψεις µιας νέας εποχής, προσέφερε όλη την εντυπωσιακή συλλογή του στο ελληνικό κράτος κατά τα έτη 1922-1923, µια δωρεά που αγνοήθηκε από την κυβέρνηση Νικόλαου Πλαστήρα. Ύστερα από πέντε χρόνια, µια ευτυχέστερη συγκυρία έφερε κοντά τον Βρετανό συλλέκτη µε τον Αντώνη Μπενάκη ως µεσάζοντα και τον Ελευθέριο Βενιζέλο ως πολιτικό αποδέκτη µιας νέας, µικρότερης δωρεάς. Το ενθουσιώδες καλωσόρισµά της οφείλεται στην επιρροή της “γενιάς του ’30” που ευαγγελιζόταν την οικουµενικότητα, την πνευµατικότητα και την προοδευτικότητα της νέας Ελλάδας µετά το τραύµα της µικρασιατικής καταστροφής. Συµπερασµατικά, η συλλογή Ευµορφόπουλου αποτύπωσε µε ενάργεια όχι µόνο την ιστορία της κινεζικής κεραµικής, αλλά και τις ιστορικές πραγµατικότητες της Βρετανίας και της Ελλάδας την εποχή κατά την οποία συγκεντρώθηκε και δωρήθηκε.
Untimely death: the symbolism of the imagery on a black-glaze pyxis from the Benaki Museum collection
Authors: Ζήβα Αγγελική
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.