bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep learning framework for uncovering compositional and environmental contributions to pitting resistance in passivating alloys
Authors: Sasidhar Kasturi Narasimha , Siboni Nima Hamidi , Mianroodi Jaber Rezaei , Rohwerder Michael , Neugebauer Jörg , Raabe Dierk
Published: August 2022

We have developed a deep-learning-based framework for understanding the individual and mutually combined contributions of different alloying elements and environmental conditions towards the pitting resistance of corrosion-resistant alloys. A fully connected deep neural network (DNN) was trained on previously published datasets on corrosion-relevant electrochemical metrics, to predict the pitting potential of an alloy, given the chemical composition and environmental conditions. Mean absolute error of 170 mV in the predicted pitting potential, with an R-square coefficient of 0.61 was obtained after training. The trained DNN model was used for multi-dimensional gradient descent optimization to search for conditions maximizing the pitting potential. Among environmental variables, chloride-ion concentration was universally found to be detrimental. Increasing the amounts of dissolved nitrogen/carbon was found to have the strongest beneficial influence in many alloys. Supersaturating transition metal high entropy alloys with large amounts of interstitial nitrogen/carbon has emerged as a possible direction for corrosion-resistant alloy design.
Glutamine and GABA alterations in cingulate cortex may underlie alcohol drinking in a rat model of co-occurring alcohol use disorder and schizophrenia: an 1H-MRS study
Authors: McCunn Patrick , Chen Xi , Gimi Barjor , Green Alan I. , Khokhar Jibran Y.
Published: August 2022

Alcohol use disorder commonly occurs in patients with schizophrenia and significantly worsens the clinical course of the disorder. The neurobiological underpinnings of alcohol drinking are not well understood. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used to assess the neurochemical substrates that may be associated with alcohol drinking in patients; however, the causal impact of these findings remains elusive, highlighting the need for studies in animal models. This study performed MRS in the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesioned (NVHL) rat model, a model of co-occurring schizophrenia and substance use disorders. NVHL lesions (or sham surgeries) were performed on post-natal day 7 and animals were given brief exposure to alcohol during adolescence (10% v/v in a 2-bottle choice design). Animals were re-exposed to alcohol during adulthood (20% v/v) until a stable drinking baseline was established, and then forced into abstinence to control for the effects of differential alcohol drinking. Animals were scanned for MRS after one month of abstinence. NVHL rats consumed significantly more alcohol than sham rats and in the cingulate cortex showed significantly higher levels of GABA and glutamine. Significantly lower GABA levels were observed in the nucleus accumbens. No differences between the NVHL and sham animals were observed in the hippocampus. Correlation analysis revealed that GABA and glutamine concentrations in the cingulate cortex significantly correlated with the rats’ alcohol drinking prior to 30 days of forced abstinence. These findings suggest that a potential dysfunction in the glutamate/GABA–glutamine cycle may contribute to alcohol drinking in a rat model of schizophrenia, and this dysfunction could be targeted in future treatment-focused studies.
An fMRI dataset for whole-body somatotopic mapping in humans
Authors: Ma Sai , Huang Taicheng , Qu Yukun , Chen Xiayu , Zhang Yajie , Zhen Zonglei
Published: August 2022

The somatotopic representation of the body is a well-established organizational principle in the human brain. Classic invasive direct electrical stimulation for somatotopic mapping cannot be used to map the whole-body topographical representation of healthy individuals. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become an indispensable tool for the noninvasive investigation of somatotopic organization of the human brain using voluntary movement tasks. Unfortunately, body movements during fMRI scanning often cause large head motion artifacts. Consequently, there remains a lack of publicly accessible fMRI datasets for whole-body somatotopic mapping. Here, we present public high-resolution fMRI data to map the somatotopic organization based on motor movements in a large cohort of healthy adults (N = 62). In contrast to previous studies that were mostly designed to distinguish few body representations, most body parts are considered, including toe, ankle, leg, finger, wrist, forearm, upper arm, jaw, lip, tongue, and eyes. Moreover, the fMRI data are denoised by combining spatial independent component analysis with manual identification to clean artifacts from head motion associated with body movements.
Dietary preferences and feeding strategies of Colombian highland woolly monkeys
Authors: Fonseca Manuel L. , Ramírez-Pinzón Marcela A. , McNeil Kaylie N. , Guevara Michelle , Gómez-Gutiérrez Laura M. , Harter Klaus , Mongui Alvaro , Stevenson Pablo R.
Published: August 2022

Primates are very selective in the foods they include in their diets with foraging strategies that respond to spatial and temporal changes in resource availability, distribution and quality. Colombian woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha lugens), one of the largest primate species in the Americas, feed mainly on fruits, but they also eat a high percentage of arthropods. This differs from closely related Atelid species that supplement their diet with leaves. In an 11 month study, we investigated the foraging strategies of this endemic monkey and assessed how resource availability affects dietary selection. Using behavioural, phenological, arthropod sampling and metabarcoding methods, we recorded respectively foraging time, forest productivity, arthropod availability in the forest and arthropod consumption. Scat samples and capturing canopy substrates (i.e. moss, bromeliads, aerial insects) were used for assigning arthropod taxonomy. The most important resource in the diet was fruits (54%), followed by arthropods (28%). Resource availability predicted feeding time for arthropods but not for fruits. Further, there was a positive relationship between feeding time on fruits and arthropods, suggesting that eating both resources during the same periods might work as an optimal strategy to maximize nutrient intake. Woolly monkeys preferred and avoided some fruit and arthropod items available in their home range, choosing a wide variety of arthropods. Geometrid moths (Lepidoptera) were the most important and consistent insects eaten over time. We found no differences in the type of arthropods adults and juveniles ate, but adults invested more time foraging for this resource, especially in moss. Although woolly monkeys are generalist foragers, they do not select their food items randomly or opportunistically.
Assessment, management, and incidence of neonatal jaundice in healthy neonates cared for in primary care: a prospective cohort study
Authors: van der Geest Berthe A. M. , de Mol Malou J. S. , Barendse Ivana S. A. , de Graaf Johanna P. , Bertens Loes C. M. , Poley Marten J. , Ista Erwin , Kornelisse René F. , Reiss Irwin K. M. , Steegers Eric A. P. , Been Jasper V. ,   STARSHIP Study Group, Baartmans Martin G. A. , Bekhof Jolita , Buijs Harry , Bunt Jan Erik , Dijk Peter H. , Hulzebos Christian V. , Leunissen Ralph W. J. , Snoeren Ben J. P. W. , de Vries Bente , Wewerinke Leo
Published: August 2022

Jaundice caused by hyperbilirubinaemia is a common phenomenon during the neonatal period. Population-based studies evaluating assessment, management, and incidence of jaundice and need for phototherapy among otherwise healthy neonates are scarce. We prospectively explored these aspects in a primary care setting via assessing care as usual during the control phase of a stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial.

We conducted a prospective cohort study embedded in the Screening and TreAtment to Reduce Severe Hyperbilirubinaemia in Infants in Primary care (STARSHIP) Trial. Healthy neonates were included in seven primary care birth centres (PCBCs) in the Netherlands between July 2018 and March 2020. Neonates were eligible for inclusion if their gestational age was ≥ 35 weeks, they were admitted in a PCBC for at least  2 days during the first week of life, and if they did not previously receive phototherapy. Outcomes were the findings of visual assessment to detect jaundice, jaundice incidence and management, and the need for phototherapy treatment in the primary care setting.

860 neonates were included of whom 608 (71.9%) were visibly jaundiced at some point during admission in the PCBC, with 20 being ‘very yellow’. Of the latter, four (20%) did not receive total serum bilirubin (TSB) quantification. TSB levels were not associated with the degree of visible jaundice (p = 0.416). Thirty-one neonates (3.6%) received phototherapy and none received an exchange transfusion. Five neonates did not receive phototherapy despite having a TSB level above phototherapy threshold.

Jaundice is common in otherwise healthy neonates cared for in primary care. TSB quantification was not always performed in very jaundiced neonates, and not all neonates received phototherapy when indicated. Quality improvement initiatives are required, including alternative approaches to identifying potentially severe hyperbilirubinaemia.

Trial registration: NL6997 (Dutch Trial Register; Old NTR ID 7187), registered 3 May 2018.
Analysis of risk factors for perioperative complications in spine surgery
Authors: Lange Nicole , Stadtmüller Thomas , Scheibel Stefanie , Reischer Gerda , Wagner Arthur , Meyer Bernhard , Gempt Jens
Published: August 2022

Complications in spine surgery can arise in the intraoperative or the immediate postoperative period or in a delayed manner. These complications may lead to severe or even permanent morbidity if left undiagnosed and untreated. We prospectively interviewed 526 patients out of 1140 patients who consecutively underwent spinal surgery in our department between November 2017 and November 2018 and analysed the outcome and complication rates. A 12 months follow-up period was also adopted. We analysed the patients’ clinical characteristics, comorbidities, surgical management, survival rates, and outcomes. Risk factor analyses for the development of complications were also performed. Patients’ median age was 67 years (range: 13–96). The main diagnoses were as follows: degenerative in 50%, tumour in 22%, traumatic fractures in 13%, infections in 10%, reoperations in 3%, and others in 2%. Surgeries were emergency procedures (within 24 h) in 12%. Furthermore, 59% required instrumentation. The overall postoperative complication rate was 26%. Revision surgery was required in 12% of cases within 30 postoperative days (median time to revision 11 days [IQR 5–15 days]). The most frequent complications included wound healing disorders, re-bleeding, and CSF leakage. Thereby, the risk factor analysis revealed age-adjusted CCI (p = 0.01), metastatic tumour (p = 0.01), and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.02) as significant risk factors for postoperative complications. Additionally, postoperative KPS (p = 0.004), postoperative anaemia (p = 0.001), the length of hospital stay (p = 0.02), and duration of surgery (p = 00.002) were also identified as associated factors. Complication rates after spinal surgeries are still high, especially in patients with metastatic tumour disease and poor clinical status (KPS), requiring revision surgeries in several cases. Therefore, specific risk factors should be determined to carefully select surgery groups.
A systematic investigation of four ports MIMO antenna depending on flexible material for UWB networks
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Ahmed Mohamed I. , Ahmed Mai. F.
Published: August 2022

A flexible quad-port MIMO antenna with good isolation features with both flat and bending configurations is presented and investigated in this work. The single unit of the MIMO is composed of a crescent-shaped monopole antenna connected with a curved coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed to enhance the operating bandwidth. A thin and flexible Roger 3003 material with thickness = 0.13 mm, εr = 3, and tan δ = 0.001 is used. To improve the isolation between ports which in turn improves the performance of the MIMO system, the single unit antenna is repeated four times and placed orthogonal to each other. A 54 mm × 54 mm × 0.13 mm (0.63λo × 0.63λo × 0.0015λo @ 3.5 GHz) is the total size of the quad ports MIMO antenna. The flexible MIMO antennas in both flat and bending layouts are simulated, tested and the outcomes achieved S11 < − 10 dB from 3.5 GHz up to 11 GHz with mutual coupling ≤ − 17 dB between ports. The radiation patterns of the MIMO antenna are tested with 5 dB peak gain and with semi-omnidirectional and bidirectional patterns in both two planes. The Diversity Gain (DG) values ≥ 9.9 dB through the designed working band, Envelop Correlation Coefficient (ECC) lower than 0.03 from 3.5 GHz to 4 GHz and lower than 0.01 from 4 to 11 GHz, and Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) value ≤ 0.5 bit/s/Hz over the worked band are calculated and extracted in flat and bending configurations and achieved suitable values which support the suggested antenna in the UWB flexible networks.
A digital workflow for pair matching of maxillary anterior teeth using a 3D segmentation technique for esthetic implant restorations
Authors: Choi Jin-Woo , Choi Gyu-Jin , Kim Yu-Seong , Kyung Min-Ho , Kim Hee-Kyung
Published: August 2022

We investigated a state-of-the-art algorithm for 3D reconstruction with a pair-matching technique, which enabled the fabrication of individualized implant restorations in the esthetic zone. This method compared 3D mirror images of crowns and emergence profiles between symmetric tooth pairs in the anterior maxilla using digital slicewise DICOM segmentation and the superimposition of STL data. With the outline extraction of each segment provided by 100 patients, the Hausdorff distance (HD) between two point sets was calculated to identify the similarity of the sets. By using HD thresholds as a pair matching criterion, the true positive rates of crowns were 100, 98, and 98%, while the false negative rates were 0, 2, and 2% for central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines, respectively, indicating high pair matching accuracy (> 99%) and sensitivity (> 98%). The true positive rates of emergence profiles were 99, 100, and 98%, while the false negative rates were 1, 0, and 2% for central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines, respectively, indicating high pair matching accuracy (> 99%) and sensitivity (> 98%). Therefore, digitally flipped contours of crown and emergence profiles can be successfully transferred for implant reconstruction in the maxillary anterior region to optimize esthetics and function.
A 14,000-year-old genome sheds light on the evolution and extinction of a Pleistocene vulture
Authors: Ericson Per G. P. , Irestedt Martin , Zuccon Dario , Larsson Petter , Tison Jean-Luc , Emslie Steven D. , Götherström Anders , Hume Julian P. , Werdelin Lars , Qu Yanhua
Published: August 2022

The New World Vulture [Coragyps] occidentalis (L. Miller, 1909) is one of many species that were extinct by the end of the Pleistocene. To understand its evolutionary history we sequenced the genome of a 14,000 year old [Coragyps] occidentalis found associated with megaherbivores in the Peruvian Andes. occidentalis has been viewed as the ancestor, or possibly sister, to the extant Black Vulture Coragyps atratus, but genomic data shows occidentalis to be deeply nested within the South American clade of atratus. Coragyps atratus inhabits lowlands, but the fossil record indicates that occidentalis mostly occupied high elevations. Our results suggest that occidentalis evolved from a population of atratus in southwestern South America that colonized the High Andes 300 to 400 kya. The morphological and morphometric differences between occidentalis and atratus may thus be explained by ecological diversification following from the natural selection imposed by this new and extreme, high elevation environment. The sudden evolution of a population with significantly larger body size and different anatomical proportions than atratus thus constitutes an example of punctuated evolution.
Effects of electroactive materials on nerve cell behaviors and applications in peripheral nerve repair
Authors: Wang Qiqi , Wang Hao , Ma Ying , Cao Xiaodong , Gao Huichang
Published: August 2022

Electroactive materials to construct peripheral nerve conduits play an important role in promoting the recovery of peripheral nerve function.
Cd stress alleviation in mung-bean seedlings with biogenic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as ecofriendly remediation agents
Authors: Shen Yun , Li Jie , Zhang Shan , Jiang Xiaoxue , Liang Jincheng , Li Tao , Guo Rong , Guan Weisheng , Yang Li
Published: August 2022

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were synthesized using an environmentally friendly method via A. niger fermentation broth, and the negative effects of Cd on mung bean seedlings were alleviated by them through ion exchange and chelation mechanisms.
The effect of multiple ion substitutions on halide ion migration in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Pering Samuel R. , Cameron Petra J.
Published: August 2022

This work shows how substitutions to the perovskite lattice at multiple sites can affect iodide ion migration. The triple cation perovskite, Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3, shows a higher barrier to iodide ion migration than materials with only substitutions at the A-site.
PIFA-promoted intramolecular oxidative cyclization of pyrrolo- and indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalino-appended porphyrins: an efficient synthesis of meso,β-pyrrolo- and indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalino-fused porphyrins
Authors: Kumar Bintu , Khandagale Santosh B. , Verma Narshimha , Pandurang Taur Prakash , Iype Eldhose , Kumar Dalip
Published: August 2022

Developed an efficient protocol to prepare meso-β-pyrrolo- and indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalino-fused porphyrins exhibiting red-shifted absorption spectra near NIR region.
A supramolecular strategy for gated photochromism in aqueous solution and solid state
Authors: Sun Dongdong , Wu Yong , Han Xie , Liu Simin
Published: August 2022

The macrocyclic host cucurbit[10]uril acted as a “conformation regulator” to modulate the “ON/OFF” photoactivity of a diarylethene guest.
Catalyst-controlled regioselective Sonogashira coupling of 9-substituted-6-chloro-2,8-diiodopurines
Authors: Kim Gibae , Lee Grim , Kim Gyudong , Seo Yeonseong , Jarhad Dnyandev B. , Jeong Lak Shin
Published: August 2022

We have established a catalyst-dependent regioselective Sonogashira coupling methodology where both regioisomeric products can be obtained independently with remarkably high selectivity.
Synthesis of the cyclic heptapeptide core of callipeltin A
Authors: Horn Alexander , Kazmaier Uli
Published: August 2022

Macrolactonisation of a suitable heptapeptide precursor provides the cyclic depsipeptide core of callipeltin A in excellent yield.
Recent update on electrospinning and electrospun nanofibers: current trends and their applications
Authors: Nadaf Arif , Gupta Akash , Hasan Nazeer , Fauziya  , Ahmad Shadaan , Kesharwani Prashant , Ahmad Farhan J.
Published: August 2022

Electrospinning is a versatile and viable technique for generating ultrathin fibers.
Influence of support texture and reaction conditions on the accumulation and activity in the gas-phase aldol condensation ofn-pentanal on porous silica
Authors: Schörner Markus , Kämmerle Stefanie , Wisser Dorothea , Baier Benjamin , Hartmann Martin , Thommes Matthias , Franke Robert , Haumann Marco
Published: August 2022

Aldol condensation ofn-pentanal can lead to pore blocking and hence transport limitations in supported liquid phase (SLP) catalysts. By careful texture optimization this effect can be minimized.
Mechanism and regulation of LCST behavior in poly(hydroxypropyl acrylate)-based temperature-sensitive hydrogels
Authors: Chen Fuping , Lu Guoqiang , Yuan Hengda , Li Ruiqi , Nie Jun , Zhao Yingying , Shu Xin , Zhu Xiaoqun
Published: August 2022

The transformation mechanism of PHPA-based temperature-sensitive hydrogels showed the water molecules agglomerated into larger clusters, then light was incident at the water clusters, which resulted in the hydrogels changing to an opaque state.
Enhancing the thermoelectric performance of Sb2Si2Te6 by germanium doping
Authors: Wang Weihua , Lu Xiaowei , Sun Lin , Luo Jipeng , Shi Quan , Ta Na , Jiang Peng , Bao Xinhe
Published: August 2022

Ge-doped Si2Sb2Te6 with a high power factor is promising for intermediate-temperature thermoelectric devices with high output power density and conversion efficiency.
Lipids and the cancer stemness regulatory system in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lim Isabel N.X. , Nagree Murtaza S. , Xie Stephanie Z.
Published: August 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease of impaired myeloid differentiation and a caricature of normal hematopoiesis. Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are responsible for long-term clonal propagation in AML just as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain lifelong hematopoiesis. LSCs are often resistant to standard chemotherapy and are responsible for clinical relapse. Although AML is highly heterogeneous, determinants of stemness are prognostic for AML patient survival and can predict AML drug sensitivity. Therefore, one way to overcome challenges preventing efficacious treatment outcomes is to target LSC stemness. Metabolomic and lipidomic studies of serum and cells from AML patients are emerging to complement genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic, and proteomic data sets to characterize and stratify AML. Recent studies have shown the value of fractionating LSCs versus blasts when characterizing metabolic pathways and implicate the importance of lipid balance to LSCs function. As more extensive metabolic studies coupled to functional in vivo assays are conducted on highly purified HSCs, bulk AML, and LSCs, the similarities and differences in lipid homeostasis in stem-like versus more mature AML subtypes as well as from normal HSCs are emerging. Here, we discuss the latest findings from studies of lipid function in LSCs, with a focus on sphingolipids (SLs) as stemness/lineage fate mediators in AML, and the balance of fatty acid anabolism and catabolism fueling metabolic flexibility and drug resistance in AML. We also discuss how designing successful strategies to target lipid vulnerabilities and improve AML patient survival should take into consideration the hierarchical nature of AML.
Effect of Occupational Noise Exposure on Cognition and Suprathreshold Auditory Skills in Normal-Hearing Individuals
Authors: Vasudevamurthy Sahana , Kumar U. Ajith
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

Adverse effects of noise exposure on hearing and cognition are well documented in the literature. Recently, it has becoming increasingly evident that noise exposure deteriorates suprathreshold auditory skills, even though the hearing sensitivity is intact. This condition is termed as cochlear synaptopathy or hidden hearing loss, which is apparent in animal models. However, equivocal findings are reported in humans. This study aimed at assessing the working memory, attention abilities, and suprathreshold hearing abilities in normal-hearing individuals with and without occupational noise exposure. We also explored the relationship between cognitive measures and suprathreshold auditory measures.

Design:

The study participants were divided into two groups. All the participants had normal-hearing thresholds. The control group consisted of 25 individuals with no occupational noise exposure, whereas the noise exposure group had 25 individuals exposed to occupational noise of 85 dBA for a minimum period of 1 year. Working memory was assessed using auditory digit span (forward and backward), operation span, and reading span. The Erikson flanker test was used to evaluate attention abilities. The suprathreshold hearing was assessed in terms of gap detection thresholds and sentence identification in noise.

Results:

The results showed that the noise exposure group performed poorly compared to the control group on all auditory and cognitive tasks except the reading span.

Conclusion:

The results of the study suggest that occupational noise exposure may hamper the cognitive skills and suprathreshold hearing abilities of the individual despite having normal peripheral hearing.
CENN: A fully convolutional neural network for CMB recovery in realistic microwave sky simulations
Authors: Casas J. M. , Bonavera L. , González-Nuevo J. , Baccigalupi C. , Cueli M. M. , Crespo D. , Goitia E. , Santos J. D. , Sánchez M. L. , de Cos F. J.
Published: August 2022

Context. Component separation is the process with which emission sources in astrophysical maps are generally extracted by taking multi-frequency information into account. It is crucial to develop more reliable methods for component separation for future cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments such as the Simons Observatory, the CMB-S4, or the LiteBIRD satellite.

Aims. We aim to develop a machine learning method based on fully convolutional neural networks called the CMB extraction neural network (CENN) in order to extract the CMB signal in total intensity by training the network with realistic simulations. The frequencies we used are the Planck channels 143, 217, and 353 GHz, and we validated the neural network throughout the sky and at three latitude intervals: 0° < |b| < 5°, 5° < |b| < 30°, and 30° < |b| < 90°, Moreover, we used neither Galactic nor point-source (PS) masks.

Methods. To train the neural network, we produced multi-frequency realistic simulations in the form of patches of 256 × 256 pixels that contained the CMB signal, the Galactic thermal dust, cosmic infrared background, and PS emissions, the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect from galaxy clusters, and instrumental noise. After validating the network, we compared the power spectra from input and output maps. We analysed the power spectrum from the residuals at each latitude interval and throughout the sky, and we studied how our model handled high contamination at small scales.

Results. We obtained a CMB power spectrum with a mean difference between input and output of 13 ± 113 µK2 for multipoles up to above 4000. We computed the residuals, obtaining 700 ± 60 µK2 for 0° < |b| < 5°, 80 ± 30 µK2 for 5° < |b| < 30°, and 30 ± 20 µK2 for 30° < |b| < 90° for multipoles up to above 4000. For the entire sky, we obtained 30 ± 10 µK2 for l ≤ 1000 and 20 ± 10 µK2 for l ≤ 4000. We validated the neural network in a single patch with strong contamination at small scales, obtaining a difference between input and output of 50 ± 120 µK2 and residuals of 40 ± 10 µK2 up to l ~ 2500. In all cases, the uncertainty of each measure was taken as the standard deviation.

Conclusions. The results show that fully convolutional neural networks are promising methods for performing component separation in future CMB experiments. Moreover, we show that CENN is reliable against different levels of contamination from Galactic and PS foregrounds at both large and small scales.
Sublimation origin of active asteroid P/2018 P3
Authors: Kim Yoonyoung , Agarwal Jessica , Jewitt David , Mutchler Max , Larson Stephen , Weaver Harold , Mommert Michael
Published: August 2022

Context. Active asteroids show (typically transient) cometary activity, driven by a range of processes. A sub-set, sometimes called main-belt comets, may be driven by sublimation and so could be useful for tracing the present-day distribution of asteroid ice. Object P/2018 P3 has a Tisserand parameter 3.096 but a high eccentricity 0.415, placing it within the dynamical boundary between asteroids and comets.

Aims. We aim to determine the cause of activity (sublimation or something else) and assess the dynamical stability of P3, in order to better constrain the intrinsic ice content in the main belt.

Methods. We obtained Hubble Space Telescope images of P3 at the highest angular resolution. We compared the observations with a Monte Carlo model of dust dynamics. We identified and analyzed archival CFHT (2013) and NEOWISE (2018) data. In addition, we numerically integrated the orbits of P3 clones for 100 Myr.

Results. Object P3 has been recurrently active near two successive perihelia (at 1.76 AU), indicative of a sublimation origin. The absence of 4.6 µm band excess indicates zero or negligible CO or CO2 gas production from P3. The properties of the ejected dust are remarkably consistent with those found in other main-belt comets (continuous emission of ~0.05–5 mm particles at 0.3–3 m s−1 speeds), with mass-loss rates of ≳2 kg s−1. The orbit of P3 is unstable on timescales ~ 10 Myr.

Conclusions. We speculate that P3 has recently arrived from a more stable source (either the Kuiper Belt or elsewhere in the main belt) and has been physically aged at its current location, finally becoming indistinguishable from a weakly sublimating asteroid in terms of its dust properties. Whatever the source of P3, given the dynamical instability of its current orbit, P3 should not be used to trace the native distribution of asteroid ice.
Revealing of InP multi-layer stacks from KPFM measurements in the dark and under illumination
Authors: da Lisca Mattia , Connolly James P. , Alvarez José , Mekhazni Karim , Vaissiere Nicolas , Decobert Jean , Kleider Jean-Paul
Published: August 2022

Solar cells are complex devices, being constituted of many layers and interfaces. The study and the comprehension of the mechanisms that take place at the interfaces is crucial for efficiency improvement. This paper applies Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) to study materials and interfaces with nanometer scale imaging of the surface potential in the dark and under illumination. KPFM measurements are highly sensitive to surface states and to the experimental measurement environment influencing the atomic probe operating conditions. Therefore, in order to develop a quantitative understanding of KPFM measurements, we have prepared a dedicated structured sample with alternating layers of InP:S and InP:Fe whose doping densities were determined by secondary-ion mass spectroscopy. We have performed KPFM measurements and shown that we can spatially resolve 20 nm thick InP layers, notably when performed under illumination which is well-known to reduce the surface band-bending.
Improvement of thermo-resistance and quality of soybean oil by blending with cold-pressed oils using simplex lattice mixture design
Authors: Benbouriche Aicha , Haddadi-Guemghar Hayate , Bachir-bey Mostapha , Boulekbache-Makhlouf Lila , Hadjal Samir , Kouadri Louiza , Mehidi-Terki Djamila , Hamitri Morad , Madani Khodir
Published: August 2022

Soybean oil is the most consumed oil worldwide due to its cheapness but presented a weak thermo-resistance due to its richness in poly-unsaturated fatty acids. This study aims to improve the thermo-stability of refined soybean oil by blending it with some cold-pressed oils. For this, cold-pressed and soybean oils were firstly characterized (K232, K270, acidity, peroxide value, iodine value, induction time, phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity). Then, binary blends of each cold-pressed oil (30%) with soybean oil (70%) were analyzed before and after heat treatment (170 °C for 10 h/day for 5 days) followed by the application of the simplex lattice mixture design in order to optimize the combination of the three best cold-pressed oils. The changes in fatty acid profiles were assessed by gas chromatography (GC-FID). The results revealed that soybean oil presented the best physicochemical traits, while cold-pressed oils expressed high levels of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. From the six binary oil blends, soybean oil mixed with lentisk, sesame, or almond oils were selected for their best thermo-stability. The simplex lattice mixture design, applied for these three chosen oils, indicated that the combination of soybean oil (70%) with lentisk and sesame oils (17.7 and 12.3%, respectively) was considered the optimal blend that gives the maximal thermo-stability improvement to soybean oil. GC-FID analysis showed that fatty acids, particularly linoleic and linolenic acids, were more conserved after heat-treatment in optimal oils blend than soybean oil. This study clearly demonstrated that lentisk and sesame oils enhanced the thermo-resistance of soybean oil, and the findings of this study could be used as an integrated model in oil and fat industries.
Peut-on systématiquement mettre en œuvre les outils éducatifs « clé en main » ? Exemple de Kit-KAD®
Authors: Guégan Léna , Vion-Genovese Véronique , Allenet Benoit
Published: August 2022

Introduction : Outil innovant d’éducation thérapeutique, Kit-KAD® a été créé comme support à l’élaboration de séances dans un programme ETP centré sur la douleur chronique. Objectifs : L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’appropriation de cet outil éducatif par les équipes soignantes. Méthodologie : Un questionnaire a été conçu afin de recueillir les retours d’expérience d’équipes soignantes ayant mis en œuvre et/ou modifié les séances proposées dans Kit-KAD®. L’analyse des données et des verbatims a permis d’extraire les principaux résultats et de leur donner du sens. Résultats : À partir des réponses des équipes, Kit-KAD® est un outil clair, pertinent et facile d’utilisation pour des soignants formés à l’ETP et au suivi de la douleur chronique. Discussion : L’appropriation du contenu par les équipes permet d’adapter les séances du support initial au contexte de soin et d’en modifier certains éléments. Conclusion : Outil souhaité pertinent, adapté, co-construit, testé et évalué, Kit-KAD® est bien un dispositif transversal d’éducation thérapeutique centré sur la douleur ciblant le public pour lequel il a été élaboré.
Angst- und Sorgenmodelle in der modernen Kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie
Authors: Flückiger Christoph , Hoyer Jürgen
Published: August 2022

Angst ist ein zentraler Bestandteil des menschlichen Erlebens und Verhaltens. Überzogene, klinische relevante Ängste sind nicht ausschließlich phobischer, situationsgebundener Natur, sondern sie können sich auch auf emotive Erwartungen, Grundannahmen und Verhaltenstendenzen beziehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über aktuelle Modelle solcher nicht-phobischen Ängste, die in der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie eingesetzt werden.
Funktionale Anteile der menschlichen Angst
Authors: Schürmann-Vengels Jan , Willutzki Ulrike
Published: August 2022

Angst ist eine zentrale menschliche Emotion und hat damit adaptive Funktionen. Aktuelle Forschungsbefunde deuten zudem an, dass Ängste nicht nur mit negativem Erleben einhergehen. Gleichzeitig erscheinen diese Mechanismen für Menschen mit starken Ängsten oft fremd. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, verschiedene Konzepte für funktionale Aspekte der menschlichen Angst darzustellen und daraus Implikationen für die therapeutische Praxis abzuleiten.
Einführung digitaler Implantatepass – Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Kaiser Kerstin
Published: August 2022

Der Gesetzgeber fordert eine verbesserte Patientensicherheit. Daher müssen alle Krankenhäuser, die medizinische Implantate (= Medizinprodukte) einsetzen, seit Oktober 2015 den Patienten einen Implantatepass aushändigen. Gesundheitseinrichtungen, die entsprechende Medizinprodukte implantieren, sind verpflichtet, die technischen Voraussetzungen so zu schaffen, dass zum Beispiel im Falle von Produktrückrufen alle Patienten innerhalb von drei Werktagen ermittelt werden können.
Co-injection of Bile and Indocyanine Green for Detecting Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction of Choledochal Cyst
Authors: Onishi Shun , Yamada Koji , Murakami Masakazu , Kedoin Chihiro , Muto Mitsuru , Ieiri Satoshi
Published: August 2022

The usage of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) has gained popularity in many procedures in pediatric surgery. ICG generates fluorescent light only when it combines with a protein. We herein report a novel technique for detecting pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBMJ) with co-injection of bile and ICG in laparoscopic choledochal cyst resection and hepaticojejunostomy for a pediatric patient. A 4-year-old girl presented with abdominal pain and intermittent vomiting. Enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed a 17-mm type Ia choledochal cyst. Definitive PBMJ was not detected preoperatively. Laparoscopic choledochal cyst resection and hepaticojejunostomy were performed using five ports. A percutaneous silicon catheter was inserted into the gallbladder, and bile juice was aspirated. The amylase level of the bile juice was over 3 × 105 IU/L. The aspirated bile juice and ICG were mixed and co-injected into the gallbladder through the catheter. ICG combined with protein in bile juice and generated fluorescent light. Dilated common bile duct and pancreas were detected by NIR fluorescence imaging. This imaging technique was helpful for detecting the dissection margin of the distal side of the choledochal cyst inside the pancreatic tissue and preventing injury of the pancreatic tissue. This is the first case of ICG application for laparoscopic choledochal cyst resection in a pediatric patient. After resection of the choledochal cyst, laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy was completely performed. Our technique is a safe and low-invasive method of detecting and excising the distal side of the cyst without a risk of radiography and residual bile duct.
Prevalence, Characteristics, and Correlates of Fatigue in Indian Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Mahapatra Puneet Prasan , Chakraborty Sagar
Published: August 2022

Background Fatigue is one of the commonest sequelae of breast cancer treatment that adversely impacts quality of life (QOL) of breast cancer survivors (BCSs). However, very limited data are available about cancer-related fatigue in Indian patients. Hence, this study was planned with the objectives to study (1) prevalence of fatigue in short-, intermediate-, and long-term follow-up; (2) severity and characteristics of fatigue; (3) impact of fatigue on QOL; and (4) correlation of fatigue with other survivorship issues.

Materials and Methods The study was conducted on (n = 230) BCSs who had completed their primary treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) and were coming for follow-up. The prevalence of fatigue was noted from a screening tool, which comprised of 14 commonly reported survivorship issues. Assessment of fatigue was done by using survivorship fatigue assessment tool-1 score and QOL was assessed by functional assessment of cancer therapy-breast (FACT-B) questionnaires. To understand how fatigue evolved over time, survivors were divided into three groups according to the time elapsed since initial treatment: Group 1: <2 years (n = 105); Group 2: 2–5 years (n = 70); Group 3: >5 years (n = 55).

Statistical Analysis Data was analyzed by using simple descriptive statistics, one way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test for comparison of quantitative data among the three groups, and Pearson correlation coefficients for association of fatigue with other survivorship issues.

Results Clinically significant fatigue (≥4) was noted in 38% of BCSs. However, high overall prevalence of fatigue (60%) was seen, which persisted in long-term survivors (51%) as well. Severity of fatigue was mostly mild (37.7%) to moderate (47.1%). Fatigue scores were significantly higher in short-term survivors (5.01 ± 2.06) than intermediate- (4.03 ± 1.42) and long-term BCSs (3.57 ± 1.37). The mean score on FACT-B was 90.07 ± 10.17 in survivors with fatigue and 104.73 ± 7.13 in those without fatigue (p = 0.000). Significant correlation of fatigue was seen with other survivorship issues like limb swelling, chronic pain, premature menopause, and its related symptoms and emotional distress.

Conclusion Fatigue is highly prevalent in BCSs. Survivorship care programs should include appropriate measures to evaluate and address fatigue.
Superselective Anesthesia Functional Examination of the Diaphragm during Endovascular Embolization of Spinal Cord Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Bharadwaj Suparna , Muthuchellappan Radhakrishnan
Published: August 2022

Superselective anesthesia functional evaluation (SAFE) is an adjunct to the Wada test. It is performed to rule out unintentional positioning of the tip of the embolization catheter proximal to the origin of a normal artery supplying eloquent region of spinal cord. We report a case of a 36-year-old male with cervical intramedullary spinal cord arteriovenous malformation (SCAVM) at C3 level. In this patient, we monitored motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) of bilateral upper and lower limbs along with diaphragm. Electrodes for compound muscle action potential of diaphragm were placed under fluoroscopy guidance. Through this case, we want to emphasize that intraprocedural diaphragmatic MEPs enhance the safety margin during endovascular embolization of cervical intramedullary SCAVMs. Placement of electrodes under fluoroscopy guidance ensures proper positioning into the diaphragm muscle.
Mitigation of the ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability by nonlocal electron heat transport
Authors: Li Jun , Yan Rui , Zhao Bin , Zheng Jian , Zhang Huasen , Lu Xiyun
Published: August 2022

The effects of electron nonlocal heat transport (NLHT) on the two-dimensional single-mode ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability (ARTI) up to the highly nonlinear phase are reported for the first time through numerical simulations with a multigroup diffusion model. It is found that as well as its role in the linear stabilization of ARTI growth, NLHT can also mitigate ARTI bubble nonlinear growth after the first saturation to the classical terminal velocity, compared with what is predicted by the local Spitzer–Härm model. The key factor affecting the reduction in the linear growth rate is the enhancement of the ablation velocity Va by preheating. It is found that NLHT mitigates nonlinear bubble growth through a mechanism involving reduction of vorticity generation. NLHT enhances ablation near the spike tip and slows down the spike, leading to weaker vortex generation as the pump of bubble reacceleration in the nonlinear stage. NLHT more effectively reduces the nonlinear growth of shorter-wavelength ARTI modes seeded by the laser imprinting phase in direct-drive laser fusion.
Universal Fermi velocity in highly compressed hydride superconductors
Authors: Talantsev Evgeny F.
Published: August 2022

The Fermi velocity vF is one of the primary characteristics of any conductor, including any superconductor. For conductors at ambient pressure, several experimental techniques have been developed to measure vF, and, for instance, Zhou et al. [Nature 423, 398 (2003)] reported that high-Tc cuprates exhibited a universal nodal Fermi velocity vF,univ=2.7±0.5×105 m/s. However, there have been no measurements of vF in highly compressed near-room-temperature superconductors (NRTS), owing to experimental challenges. Here, to answer the question of the existence of a universal Fermi velocity in NRTS materials, we analyze the full inventory of data on the ground-state upper critical field Bc2(0) for these materials and find that this class of superconductors exhibits a universal Fermi velocity vF,univ=1/1.3×2Δ0/kBTc×105 m/s, where Δ(0) is the ground-state amplitude of the energy gap. The ratio 2Δ0/kBTc varies within a narrow range 3.2≤2Δ0/kBTc≤5, and so vF,univ in NRTS materials lies in the range 2.5 × 105 m/s ≤ vF,univ ≤ 3.8 × 105 m/s, which is similar to the range of values found for the high-Tc cuprate counterparts of these materials.
Effect of cation mixing of Li+/Ni2+ on heat generation of NCM811 cathode during long-term cycling at elevated temperature
Authors: Zhuang Yunpeng , Shen Wenzhuo , Wang Lei , Yan Jiawei , Guo Shouwu
Published: August 2022

The heat generation power of an electrode is one of the key factors affecting the operation safety and even the electrochemical performances of lithium-ion batteries. Herein, the heat generation power of a LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode at different cycling stages at an elevated temperature (50 °C) is studied. The internal and external factors, such as Li+ diffusion coefficient and Li+/Ni2+ cation mixing, affecting probably the heat generation are elaborated experimentally and theoretically. It is illustrated that the cation mixing of Li+/Ni2+ occurred during charge/discharge cycling reduces severely the diffusion coefficient of Li+ in NCM811 that accounts further for the increase in the as-generated heat amount and the heat generation power of the NCM811 with the cycling process.
L‐menthol administration facilitates breathing comfort during exhaustive endurance running and improves running capacity in well‐trained runners: A randomized crossover study
Authors: Tsutsumi Yoshiko , Momma Haruki , Ebihara Satoru , Nagatomi Ryoichi
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to clarify the contribution of L‐menthol administration to endurande exercise capacity. Thirteen male runners (age, 35.8 ± 7.8 years; peak oxygen uptake, 62.7 ± 6.8 mL kg−1 min−1) ran on treadmills at fixed intensities of their anaerobic thresholds to exhaustion. All participants underwent three trials—water ingestion (W‐IG), L‐menthol mouth rinsing (M‐MR), and L‐menthol ingestion (M‐IG)— in a random order every 5 min while running. Breathing comfort (BC) was measured immediately after fluid intake. Dyspnea threshold against external inspiratory resistance was examined before and after the running test. The running time with M‐IG (1683.9 ± 520.3 s) was longer than that with W‐IG (1410.2 ± 465.9 s, effect size [ES] = 0.55). BC with M‐IG (2.00 ± 0.74) was higher than that with W‐IG (0.42 ± 0.79) at exhaustion (ES > 2.00). The dyspnea threshold after running decreased to 19.2 ± 7.6 cm H₂O L−1 s−1 with W‐IG, whereas that with M‐MR (26.2 ± 6.5 cm H₂O L−1 s−1) and M‐IG (29.2 ± 2.8 cm H₂O L−1 s−1) remained high (p for interaction < 0.001). M‐IG facilitated BC during running, improved endurance capacity, and prevented decreases in the dyspnea threshold against external inspiratory resistance after exhaustive running.
The robustness of slow contraction and the shape of the scalar field potential
Authors: Kist Timo , Ijjas Anna
Published: August 2022

We use numerical relativity simulations to explore the conditions for a canonical scalar field ϕ minimally coupled to Einstein gravity to generate an extended phase of slow contraction that robustly smooths the universe for a wide range of initial conditions and then sets the conditions for a graceful exit stage. We show that to achieve robustness it suffices that the potential V(ϕ) is negative and M
Pl|V,
ϕ
/V|≳5 during the smoothing phase. We also show that, to exit slow contraction, the potential must have a minimum. Beyond the minimum, we find no constraint on the uphill slope including the possibility of ending on a positive potential plateau or a local minimum with V
min > 0.
Our study establishes ultralocality, i.e., all spatial gradients quickly becoming negligible, for a wide range of potentials as a key both to robust smoothing and to graceful exit.
A compressed logistic equation on bacteria growth: inferring time-dependent growth rate
Authors: Pinto Carlito , Shimakawa Koichi
Published: August 2022

We propose a compressed logistic model for bacterial growth by invoking a time-dependent rate instead of the intrinsic growth rate (constant), which was adopted in traditional logistic models. The new model may have a better physiological basis than the traditional ones, and it replicates experimental observations, such as the case example for E. coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus. Stochastic colonial growth at a different rate may have a fractal-like nature, which should be an origin of the time-dependent reaction rate. The present model, from a stochastic viewpoint, is approximated as a Gaussian time evolution of bacteria (error function).