bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposal Yager Ranking Function to Solve the Fuzzy Transportation Model via Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number
Authors: Mitlif Rasha Jalal , Hussein Iden Hasan
Published: August 2022

Transportation theory is the name given to the study of optimal transportation (OT) and resource allocation in mathematics and economics. In any discipline of science and technology, engineering, medicine, and management, uncertainty plays a critical role. Fuzzy Mathematics (FM) and fuzzy logic (FL) are used in Artificial Intelligence (AI) to process natural language and are frequently employed in decision making (DM). In this paper, using three ranking function to treat the fuzzy transportation model, two of them are Yager and Maleki ranking functions and the other is proposal and suggest depend up on of Yager ranking function based on trapezoidal fuzzy membership function when the total demand, cost of transportation, and the total amount of product (supply) are fuzzy, then the fuzzy model shrinkage to traditional or crisp model. Finally solving these models to the real data that we got it from The General Company for Food Products Abo ghreeb / Iraq.
The Product Fuzzy Metric Space and its Basic Properties
Authors: Kider J R
Published: August 2022

A new type of FMS, known as a product FMS (or simply p-FMS) is introduced, the reason behind this name is the continuous t-norm used here is binary operation usually product between number in [0, 1]. To show that this type of spaces is exists we give some examples, then some important basic properties, of this space are introduced with its proves. Moreover we study fuzzy continuous and uniformly fuzzy continuous function by proving basic properties of these notions. Furthermore the prove of cross product of finite number of p-FMS is again a p-FMS is introduced.
A comparative study to choose the appropriate growth model to forecast COVID-19 cases in Iraq
Authors: Hussain Jassim N.
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 infection cases forecasting is a process of estimating future values based on historical data which is playing an important role in health decision making in various fields. Daily infection cases of COVID-19 can be considered as a time series represent the growth of the number of infected persons in a population. Consequently, the growth models may be used to forecast any population growth such as population of infected people with the Covid-19 virus. The popular models of growth such as logistic, log-logistic, Gompertz, Weibull and Richards models are useful to describe the growth of many phenomena like an epidemic and the spread of the number of infected people. The main objective of this paper is to choose a successful growth model after comparing these models to make good use of the current data on COVID-19 in Iraq to better understand the spread of this disease and to forecast the future daily infection cases. AIC, BIC and other goodness of fit criteria and daily infection cases in Iraq for the period from 1st Jan. 2021 until 30th April 2021 were used to compare these models and choose the successful model. The results of fitting these model show that the appropriate models are Weibull type 1 and log-logistic with five parameters models, and the predicted numbers of infected cases are near the actual numbers of infected cases.
Inclusion Mapping and Partition Theory
Authors: Hashim Hiba R. , Mahmood Ammar S.
Published: August 2022

Because direct relationships are difficult to uncover, we may not be able to find a link between two different scientific directions. This question prompted us to look for a connection between partition theory and mapping, which we will describe as the initial steps toward convergence with other types of mapping. For this, we must present an integrated vision of the merging process between them, as well as how we will be able to contact them precisely.
Generalization of the Modified Bernstein Polynomials Method for Solving Fractional Coupled Equal Width Wave Equations
Authors: Mohammad Susan H. , Al-Rawi Ekhlass S.
Published: August 2022

The objective of this research paper is to find the approximate solution to the fractional partial differential equations, which are difficult to find the exact solution, and therefore, by relying on the modified Bernstein polynomial, the study suggested generalizing the method to be available for both space and time fractional partial differential equations. In order to investigate the ability of the method to reach the approximate solution, the method was applied to the coupled of space-time-fractional of the equal width wave equations(FCEWE) using Caputo’s definition of the fractional derivative, the results of the application showed the ability of the method to find the approximate solution.
Enhancing Banach’s contraction method using the particle swarm optimization to solve the system Drinfeld-Sokolov-Wilson
Authors: Raslan Amina , Entesar Ahmed
Published: August 2022

In this manuscript, the system (Drinfeld-Sokolov-Wilson) has been solved using the analytical method (Banach contraction) and then using the intelligent method (particle swarm optimization) to improve the results we obtained from the analytical method, the results we obtained from the hybrid method (BCM - PSO) proved the efficiency of this method by finding (MAE and MSE) compared with the exact solution, and also the results of the analytical and hybrid methods were drawn compared with the exact solution.
Modified Broyden Convex Class Update with Hoshino parameter
Authors: Salome Ghaith Ali , Mahmood Saad Shakir
Published: August 2022

The aim of this paper is to introduce the new class of Broyden convex update by using modified symmetric rank1 update together with modified BFGS update for inverse of hessian matrix where the parameter in used is Hoshino parameter, numerical examples are solved and introduce the convergence of the proposed class and the results are reported as a table of computation.
Calibration of Optical Communication Systems Data by Optimal Use of Variance Analysis’s test
Authors: Rasheed Hadeel M , Mahmood Aseel I , Mustafa Marwa K , Qnewa Amaal M , Hindal Suaad S , Fayadh Rasha S , Hussein Noor L
Published: August 2022

Statistical analyzes include a study of many societies’ characteristics that are data collection, organization, analysis, and analysis to get the aim with easy-to-understand diagrams and analytical drawings in return. In this paper, we will try to shed light on the most popular statistical methods, analysis of variance, and familiarize the reader with its types and how to choose the most appropriate data used during the various experiments. This paper deals with a brief outline of the species, and a practical application of communication data using statistical methods, where we found from the obtained results that the sensor provided for sensing low ranges has high sensitivity and high linearity in addition to the possibility of using it in extreme environments, which makes it a good choice for use in medical fields. As for the mathematical analysis, the analysis of the variance test supports the practical results, as there are no differences between the first and second groups (probability = 0.1832) nor between the second and third groups (probability = 0.1043), but there are statistically significant differences between the first and third groups (probability = 0.0054). The preference belongs to the third group (C) and as the best response on run 18 = 430.
Approximately Regular Rings and Approximately Regular Modules
Authors: Mawlood Ahmed K. , Al-Mothafar Nuhad Salim
Published: August 2022

In this work we introduce the concept of approximately regular ring as generalizations of regular ring, and the sense of a Z- approximately regular module as generalizations of Z- regular module. We give many result about this concept.
Functional properties and solvability of Boundary-Value Linear Composed time-varying Descriptor Operator System
Authors: Al-Helli Hams M. , Zaboon Radhi A.
Published: August 2022

The concentration of this paper on studying the functional properties and the solvability of Boundary-Value Linear Composed time-varying Descriptor operator system defined on suitable reflexive Hilbert space, using (Variational) approach, which is based on constructing a appropriate functional form whose the critical-points are the solution of the proposed operator system and vice versa. The validity of this (Variational) approach is depends on the positivity and symmetry of the Boundary-Value Linear Composed time-varying Descriptor operator system on Hilbert space using Composed Cartesian product bilinear. The needful mathematical requirements are extracted and proved. Arithmetic Algorithms are proposed. Some illustration and computations between the exact solution and the suggested formula are also involved.
A new Kind Of Topological Manifold
Authors: Jasem S H , Tawfeeq B J
Published: August 2022

The aim of this research is to find new types of smooth topological manifold, which are the bc- smooth manifold, bc- strongly smooth manifold and to find the relationship between them in the smooth topological manifold.
Bayesian analysis of two stress-strength systems reliability for generalized exponential-Poisson distribution
Authors: AbdAwon Hajer M , Karam Nada S
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a Bayesian analysis is made to estimate the Reliability of two stress-strength model systems. First: the reliability R
1 of a two component strengths X
1 and X
2 under common stress Y. Second: reliability R
2 of two components strength under two stresses. Where X and Y are independent Generalized Exponential-poison random variables with(α,λ,θ) and (β,λ,θ), respectively. The analysis is concerned based on left censored samples using gamma prior under four different loss functions (Quadratic, Weighted, Linear exponential and non-Linear exponential). The estimators are compared by Mean squared error criteria due to a simulation study and find that the best performance of the estimators found in order as (Quadratic, Weighted, Linear exponential and non-Linear exponential).
The stereographic generalized inverse Weibull distribution
Authors: Abid Salah Hamza
Published: August 2022

When the unit circle is taken as a sample space, the circular data manifest in different aspects of real life. Minh and Farnum (2003) used a stereographic projection to generate new probability distributions on real line [1]. Here, we present an asymmetric distribution called Stereographic generalized inverse Weibull distribution (SGIWD) to represent circular data with focus on the inverse Stereographic Projection. The graph of probability density function is done. We consider here some statistical properties of SGIW distribution, survival and reverse hazard functions, the rth raw moments function, trigonometric moments, stress-strength reliability model, Tsallis, Renyi Shannon entropies and the Kullback–Leibler divergence measure. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the behavior of the maximum likelihood method to estimate parameters of SGIWD.
An Efficient Variational Homotopy Transform Method for Solving Schrodinger Equation
Authors: Jawad Huda , Al-Fayadh Ali
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a new methodology for solving Schrödinger equation based on the variational iteration method and the Kashuri-Fundo transform. The Lagrange multiplier is computed using the Kashuri - Fundo transform. This approach helps in avoiding the difficulties often appearing in finding Lagrange multiplier and the complicated integration used in Variational Iteration Method, as well as it does not need to use the convolution theorem of the transform. Furthermore, the Homotopy Perturbation Method is used to dealing with the nonlinear terms arising in the problems where the He’s polynomials are calculated. The proposed method emphasises the existence of the obtained solution in the absence of any linearization, discretization, or hypothesis. The suggested method’s compactness and reliability are demonstrated by numerical examples
Soft Np – Convergence of Soft Nets
Authors: Mahmood Sabiha I. , Ali Haider J.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this article is to present a new concept of soft convergence in soft topological spaces, namely, soft Np – convergence of soft nets by using the notion of soft Np – open sets. Also, we study several properties of Np – limit soft points and Np – cluster soft point of soft nets.
D_j -Supplemented Modules
Authors: Hasan Amenah , Khalid Wasan
Published: August 2022

If 𝒜 ≪
j Dj
(𝒲), where Dj
(𝒲) is the generalised Jacobson radical of 𝒲, then a sub-module 𝒜 of a module 𝒲 is said to be Dj
-small. If

W

=

A

+

B

and

A

n

B

≪

j

D

j

(

A

)

, 𝒜 is Dj
- ’supplement of ℬ in 𝒲. 𝒲 is said to be Dj
- ’supplemented if every sub-module of 𝒲 has Dj
- ’supplement in 𝒲. If for each 𝒜 a sub-module of 𝒲, there exists a sub-module ℬ such that

W

=

A

+

B

and

A

n

B

≪

j

D

j

(

W

)

, then 𝒲 is called Dj
-weakly ’supplemented module.
Solution of Parabolic Differential Equations with Dirichlet Control Boundary problem
Authors: Ameer Zainab Abdel , Hasan Sameer Qasim
Published: August 2022

In this paper we study a system of two degenerate parabolic equations which defined in a bounded domain. Using concepts of parabolic for finding existence of the solutions of the Dirichlet control boundary problem and the existence of Periodic time-solutions were achieved with results presented in detail for the proposed system.
Some Classes of Univalent Function with Negative Coefficients
Authors: Hameed Mustafa I. , Shihab Buthyna Najad
Published: August 2022

The 𝛶 subclasses S*(τ, λ) and C*(τ, λ), as well as the class of analytic and univalent functions of the form

h
(
w
)
=
w
−

∑

i
=
2

∞

|

e
i

|

w
i

, were studied. Sharp coefficients, distortion, as well as a function expression formula in S*(τ, λ) are determined, as well as expression formulae for functions in C*(τ, λ). In addition, convex linear combination over arithmetic average, the classes S*(τ, λ) and C*(τ, λ) are proved to be closed.
Another Results Related of Fuzzy Soft Quasi Normal Operator in Fuzzy Soft Hilbert Space
Authors: Mohsen Salim Dawood , Mousa Hanan Khalid
Published: August 2022

The goal of this paper, is to introduce another classes of the fuzzy soft bounded linear operator in the fuzzy soft Hilbert space which is a fuzzy soft quasi normal operator, as well as, give some properties about this concept with investigating the relationship among this types of the fuzzy soft bounded linear operator on fuzzy soft Hilbert space with other kinds of fuzzy soft bounded linear operators.
A New Convex Controller for Stabilizing of Two Symmetrical Logistic Maps
Authors: Al-Saidi Nadia M. G. , Salih Shaymaa H.
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we focused on the coupled logistic map, which is a system of two symmetrically identical single logistic maps. The complicated dynamics of the generated system, which has a wide range of dynamical behavior, grant it much attention for many applications. First, the existence and uniqueness of this system are investigated, where the analytical technique is utilized to find the parametric condition for the local asymptotic stability of its fixed points. It can be obviously seen that it undergoes Niemark-Sacker and Hopf bifurcation in a small neighborhood of the unique positive fixed point and invariant circle. This has been proven based on bifurcation theory and the center manifold theorem. The behavior of this system is stabilized using two conventional controlling methods, the OGY and the pole-placement. As well as, a new control method is proposed to make such stabilization more easier. The numerical simulations are utilized to demonstrate the analytic results.
Solutions of delay legendre’s and delay bessel’s problems by using matlab program
Authors: Jasim AnmarHashim , Al-baram BatoolMoufaq
Published: August 2022

This paper will go over some of the applications and definitions that have been included in the study. In addition, this paper focuses on numerically solving Delay Legendre and Delay Bessel problems, with many examples solved by using the Mat Lab program to discover the values that match the constraints for each case. You can see figures of each scenario for clarification on occasion.
Solving Fredholm Integro-Differential Equation of Fractional Order by Using Sawi Homotopy Perturbation Method
Authors: Kazem Mohanned F. , Al-Fayadh Ali
Published: August 2022

In our article, we develop an efficient compined method consisting of integral transform and Homotopy Perturbation Method for solving Fractional Integro-differential equations of Fredholm type. Sawi transformation formulas of fractional types are derived and used in the proposed method. The Caputo derivative is the fractional derivative type that we used. The results of numerical experiments show the efficiency of our newly developed method. Exact solution and the existing method Homotopy perturbation method is used in the comparison with our new results.
The local bifurcation analysis of two preys stage-structured predator model with anti-predator behavior
Authors: Alabacy Zina Kh. , Majeed Azhar A.
Published: August 2022

This paper deals with two preys and stage-structured predator model with anti-predator behavior. Sufficient conditions that ensure the appearance of local and Hopf bifurcation of the system have been achieved, and it’s observed that near the free predator, the free second prey and the free first prey equilibrium points there are transcritical or pitchfork and no saddle node. While near the coexistence equilibrium point there is transcritical, pitchfork and saddle node bifurcation. For the Hopf bifurcation near the coexistence equilibrium point have been studied. Further, numerical analysis has been used to validate the main results.
Global Convergence Analysis of a new Hybrid Conjugate Gradient Method for Unconstraint Optimization Problems
Authors: Fathy Basma T. , Younis Maha S.
Published: August 2022

In this study, we introduce a novel hybrid conjugate gradient [CG] to solve an efficient and effective unconstrained optimization problem. The parameterθkis a convex combination of the conjugate gradient methodβkBA2andβkFR. Under strong Wolfe line search conditions (SWC), we have shown that this method is globally convergent, and the proposed hybrid CG method is able to generate a descending search direction at each iteration. The numerical results presented, in this paper demonstrate that the proposed strategy is both effective and promising.
Study of the Electronic and Spectrum Properties for a Medication Hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Jawad Huda M.
Published: August 2022

Calculated the electronics and vibrational properties of the medicine hydroxy-chloroquine nanoparticles based on the fitting of their UV–vis spectra, transmittable, IR, Raman spectrum, Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and HOMO and LUMO, These properties were theoretically studied using Gaussian 09 program. The result shows the stability of hydroxy-chloroquine. The longer wavelength that (500 nm) means high absorbance and less energy. Transmittable, the highest transmittable value in the region is (0 - 3000cm-1) and (2600-1250 cm-1) is offset by the lowest absorption here, the sample has good transparency characteristics at this region. Infrared spectrum, the area (2900 cm-1) it is for the carbon and hydrogen Single bond C-H, and hybridization type sp3. Raman scattering, electronic effect on bond C-H in the area (2800 cm-1) is very large and this bond type stretch. Electronic circular dichroism (ECD), when finding the sign of one or more bands can be an AC limitation. A positive skew angle is foretelling to become connected CD of the low-lying p−p* move at about 600 nm; certainly, for a negative CD, can find a negative angle is expected.
Biosynthesis of Sulphur Nanoparticles and discovering its effectiveness for some biological applications
Authors: mashkoor Salam Jumah , Mahan Nazar Khalaf , Rasool Khetam Habeeb , Abd Ahmed N.
Published: August 2022

In this research, sulfur nanoparticles were prepared using the plant synthesis method, and the particles were identified through biological equipment for the purpose of adding them for application purposes. The structural, surface, and optical properties of S-NPs were investigated. Transmittance and band gap were calculated using an optical approach to explore the optical properties. Surface and structural properties of the film were investigated using SEM micrographs and an X-ray diffraction pattern, respectively. The antibacterial and antifungal potential of S-NPs has been identified after extensive research.
The Effect of the Distance between the Cylindrical Poles of the Electrostatic Quadrupole Deflector on the Trajectory of Charged Particles
Authors: Sultan Jaafar J , Hussein Oday A
Published: August 2022

The impact of the electrostatic quadrupole deflector diameter (E.Q.D.D) on the image characteristics and efficiency of the 90°quadrupole deflector was explored. For electrostatic quadrupole deflectors (E.Q.D) of various diameters, a comparison of aberration figures, electron beam kinetic energy, and fight time was done. The results revealed that when the E.Q.D.D of the E.Q.D was two and a half times greater than the electrode radius, the best image could be created at the image plane (r).
The Effect of Concentrator Radius on The Performance of a Solar Photovoltaic Concentrating System With a Parabolic Dish
Authors: Alaziz H L. Abd , Shneishil Alaa H.
Published: August 2022

The concept of concentrating solar photovoltaic energy has gained a lot of traction in recent years. In this paper, a design model for a concentrator photovoltaic parabolic dish with multi-junction solar cells is theoretically analyzed by using equations which are simulated in the MATLAB program under the effect of concentrator radius during one month (June) for rim angles of 55o, 65o, 75o, and 85o, during six months at rim angle 55o, and for 12 months with rim angles of 55o, 65o, 75o, and 85o and a radius of (0.25m). The efficiency of the system has been calculated. The findings revealed that the concentration ratio increases as the concentrator’s radius increases. The best value of the concentration ratio is 4500 at rim angle 55° and a radius of 1 m, which gives an input power 39 times higher than the input power at rim angle 85° in June. The input power increases as the radius of the concentrator increases, and it is valued about 310 W in January and becomes 385 W in May, which is 1.2 times higher in comparison to the other. The best value of input power for rim angle 55o and radius of 0.25m is (24 W) in May, which gives output power of 9.5W.
Photonic crystal analysis for multiplexer and de-multiplexer applications
Authors: Mohammed M , Cel W
Published: August 2022

In our present work, we have made an investigation of several theoretical tools using the finite element method depending on the COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS program, for intuitive insight into the optical properties of the optical crystal. Analysis of the bandgap of a two-dimensional periodic photonic crystal with square lattice, evaluate the photonic band structure by the eigenfrequency of the unit cell of the first Brillouin zone. Moreover, creating defect mode inside the bandgap of photonic crystal, such as a resonant cavity, waveguide defect, narrowband filter, sharp drop filter, channel drop filter, waveguide bends, waveguide splitter promises us to a platform to design devices that includes a certain optical range of wavelengths. The transmission, as a result, the influence of the light localized in the defect area of the periodic structure of the photonic crystal. This study is important for producing photonic integrated circuits based on photonic crystals for future advanced optical communication.
Interaction of near-cathode plasma layers with thermionic electrodes under high pressure arc plasma
Authors: Jassam H F , Ali R A
Published: August 2022

Theoretical calculations and simulation data were presented to study the effect of the Xe-Dy mixture on properties of arc plasma. The effect of voltage, concentration and temperature on current flow density, power flux density and cathode temperature were studied. Different concentrations of Dysprosium (0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mol) were used. The program (NCBL) was used in this work. Results showed a clear effect of concentration on plasma parameters, especially at the highest concentration, in addition to the effect of voltage. We notice that the current density increases from ≥3500k), while (3500 – 5000k) increases for all concentrations due to collisions as well as density of flowing energy For all the concentrations mentioned, we noticed that there is a clear effect of the temperature (≥ 3500k) on current density where increases and from (3500- 5000). we noticed an increase in the current density as well as the voltage especially at (25v) where the current and the energy overflow density increase due to elastic and inelastic collisions because acceleration of electrons with an increase in voltage.
Prediction of the performance of a solar PV system in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Yaseen Mohammed Jawad , Kasim Naseer K. , Atwan Ahmed F.
Published: August 2022

The world is actively seeking alternatives to traditional energy sources amid increasing demand for energy as a result of population growth, the development of technologies, and the environmental pollution caused by traditional energy sources and their tendency to deplete. Renewable energy sources are one of the most promising sources, mainly solar energy, which is the source of most of these sources. The goal of this work is to analyze data collected by the Al-Rashidiya meteorological station to predict the performance of solar PV modules (NT-R0E3E-SHARP) in this geographical area. Depending on the data from the Al-Rashidiya meteorological station, each of the tilted global solar radiation, cell temperature, output power, and electric conversion efficiency was calculated by using the PV model. The results indicated that the annual solar radiation incident in Baghdad with the horizontal plane was 1834kWh/m2/year with an annual peak sun hours (solar fuel) of 5, and the degradation percentage in the electrical conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells ranged between 2% in winter to 11% in summer. From the results of the present work, it can be concluded that Baghdad’s geographical area and surroundings are promising for investing in solar energy to produce electricity.
The effect of Ag2O/NbO2 nanostructures on the dielectric characteristics of PVA/PVP bled used in electronics
Authors: Obaid Sroor Fadhil , Kadhim Raheem G
Published: August 2022

Nanocomposites may be employed in a wide range of applications, including as biosensors, diodes, antibacterial, transistors, and so on. In the current study, a new type of nanocomposites (PVA-PVP-Ag2O-NbO2) were prepared by solution casting method. The polymeric mixture (polyvinyl alcohol-polyvinylpyrrolidone) was produced with various polyvinyl alcohol concentration (50 wt. %), polyvinylpyrrolidone (50% wt.%), as well as niobium oxides and silver nanoparticles oxides were added to the polymeric mixture with different percentages, which are (0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075 and 0.01 wt. percent). The effect of each of the niobium oxide nanoparticles and silver oxide nanoparticles on A.C was studied. The alternating electrical properties were studied at room temperature in the frequency range (100Hz-5MHz). Results of the experiment showed an increase of both the dielectric constant and the alternating conductivity of electricity and the loss of dielectric of polymeric mixture (PVA-PVP) an increase in increasing concentrations of niobium oxide nanoparticles and silver oxide nanoparticles, and the dielectric loss and dielectric constant of nanocomposites (PVA-PVP-Ag2O-NbO2) a rise in increasing in the applied electric field’s frequency, and alternating With increasing frequency, electrical conductivity increases.
Inhibitory Effect of Bi2O3NPs Produced by green synthesis method
Authors: Faraj Marwa A. , Jabbar Mushtak A. , Abd Ahmed N.
Published: August 2022

Because of its medical and biological uses, green nanoparticle production has gotten a lot of attention. Bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3 NP) were synthesized using aqueous extract from cocoa plants in this study, and the result was examined using an ultraviolet-visible, spectro-photometer, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy, The samples’ antibacterial activity was tested against a variety of microorganisms.
The anti-bacterial activity of Selenium dioxide Nano-particles and prospects for the future
Authors: Baqi Zainab Hamzah , Nasser Zainab Shaker , Sulaiman Luay Hamid , Abd Ahmed N.
Published: August 2022

As an alternative to antibiotics, nanoparticles are increasingly being employed to target bacteria. Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of bacterial infections. Biosynthesis is becoming increasingly popular as a cutting-edge method for producing functionally diverse Nanoparticles with enormous therapeutic potential. Various biological resources have already proven their ability to manufacture Nano-particles with unique properties. They have a diverse and distinct pool of possibly therapeutic secondary metabolites that can reduce metallic ions to Nano-particles. Selenium dioxide Nano-particles were made from Cinnamomum cassia extract (NPs). The created Selenium dioxides were examined using a variety of techniques, including XRD, UV-Vis, and TEM. Two bacteria were used to investigate the anti-bacterial effect.
Effect of Solar Cell Temperature on The Performance of Compound Parabolic Solar PV Concentrator
Authors: Hussein Hussein F , Shneishil Alaa H
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a concentrating photovoltaic system (CPV) by using a compound parabolic concentrator and a monocrystalline solar module has been designed and studied theoretically under a concentration ratio of 3.16x. The performance the system is studied over the course of the day from 8:00 AM to 16:00 PM for 12 months under Iraq-Baghdad conditions. Current in a short circuit (Isc), voltage in an open circuit (Voc) as well as maximum power (Pm) are calculated with and without a concentrator under constant solar module temperature (25°C). The results indicated that the optimum value of output power can be obtained on June 21, which is about 246.9W for CPV. In the second part, the effect of solar cell temperature within a range of 25 °C−115 °C on its performance has been studied for the optimum day of the year, June 21st. The output power of the device may be viewed in CPV is 246.9 W in comparison to the flat PV module, which gives 83.44W under solar cell temperature of 25°C and decreases to 125.3W and 40W under cell temperature of 115°C for the CPV and flat module, respectively.
Predictive Maintenance with PCA Approach for Multi Automated Railroad Crossing System (ARCS) in The Framework of Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) Planning
Authors: Rosyidi M. , Bismantoko Sahid , Haryono Asep , Chasanah Umi , Primadiyanti Suci Putri , Widodo Tri , Irawati Novi , Nugroho Sinung , Mulyadi Sinung H
Published: August 2022

The existence of level crossings between railroads and road vehicles that do not have gates in areas far from crowds, such conditions require gates that are made automatically to avoid accidents. The Automated Railroad Crossing System (ARCS) is an automatically activated railroad crossing gate where train arrival information is obtained through sensors. For one level crossing, there are several electronic devices installed in the automatic railroad crossing system. It is planned that the automatic railroad crossing system will be installed at several level crossings. The problem is how to estimate the time to perform automatic railroad crossing maintenance at several different locations, For this reason, it is necessary to know the estimated remaining useful life (Remaining Useful Life) of the subsystems. The purpose of this research is to find the estimated remaining useful time (RUL) of the subsystem in the automatic railroad crossing system in order to estimate the time to perform maintenance. The process that is carried out to obtain the remaining useful time is through the Prognostic Health Management System development plan, while the analysis of the estimated remaining useful time is carried out using Principle Component Analysis (PCA), the results of this simulation show promising results to determine the estimated value of the remaining useful time. If it can be known the estimated remaining time of the benefit, it is hoped that the maintenance plan for each automatic railroad crossing system can be carried out more efficiently.
Optimize network intrusion detection system based on PCA feature extraction and three naïve bayes classifiers
Authors: kadom Shaymaa A , hashem Soukaena H , Jafer Shatha H
Published: August 2022

Ransomware has become one of the major threats to private organizations, state and local organizations in the last three years, especially since the WannaCry malware. Ransomware is a child in the malware family that hijacks users’ data and related resources using security measures such as cryptographic and then demands bitcoin in compensation for the data that has been encrypted. Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are now needed to protect data from hackers and keep information systems and networks from getting hurt as much as possible. It examines and predicts user behavior, which is then classified as an assault or expected behavior. This study will present a suggestion to improve hybrid (anomaly-misuse) NIDS by experimenting with three different Nave Bayes (NB) classifiers: Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), and Complement Naive Bayes (CNB). To improve accuracy and reduce the computational time in NIDS, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) will be exploited. The UNSW-NB15 dataset was used to evaluate the suggested system’s performance, and the outcomes of the experiments are as follows: when using all features of UNSW-NB15 Datasets the Accuracy of GNB, MNB and CNB is 97%, 92%, and %94, when using PCA feature extraction with 10 PC the Accuracy of GNB, MNB and CNB is 100%, 88% and %100, when using PCA feature extraction with 20 PC the Accuracy of GNB, MNB and CNB is 100%, 92% and %100. When using PCA feature extraction with 30 PC, GNB, MNB, and CNB is 100%, 99%, and %100. According to the findings, 30 PCs improved the accuracy of the three algorithms and gave the best results, meaning that the increase in the number of PC leads to a rise in the system’s accuracy.
Speech recognition system based multi-level selective filter
Authors: Hassan Tariq A. , Ajel Rehab I. , Zubaidy Nadia Al
Published: August 2022

In this paper, an updated source-filter based method is used for speech recognition of English speakers. The key goal of this paper is to discuss the influence of using dynamic and selective Filterbank on the efficiency of the system in terms of identifying the word being said. Dynamic structures of the bandpass filter bank are clearly able to adjust their principles in conjunction with the speech database used. In this paper, the proposed methods adopted the idea of re-select or adjusting the filter parameters values at each iteration, in accordance with the word being processed. In other words, the values of the filter components (center frequencies and bandwidths) will adjust until it gets the best set of the filter components. The genetic algorithm (GA) will be used to maintain the components of the filter and each new population of the GA represents a new set of channels for the filter bank. Results show that the efficiency of the recognition system would be improved with each new set of filter components generated by the genetic algorithm. Speech recognition, Source-filter, Filterbank, genetic algorithm, adjusted filter, Dynamic system
Design and fabrication of piezoelectrically driven deformable reflective micromirrors based on MEMS technology
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Yigui
Published: August 2022

As the core component of the adaptive optics system, the deformable mirror is developing towards miniaturization and integration through the combination of MEMS technology. In this paper, based on the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials, a piezoelectrically driven deformable reflective micromirror is designed and fabricated by physical vapor deposition, UV lithography, eutectic bonding, mechanical cutting, deep reactive ion etching (RIE) and other processes to complete the preparation of micromirrors. The problems related to the eutectic bonding process of PZT and Si in the fabrication of micromirrors are emphatically studied through tensile experiments. The micromirror was tested with a laser interferometer. The test results showed that the prepared micromirror could achieve a maximum deformation of 0.6 μm in the positive direction and 1.7 μm in the negative direction when a voltage of ±1.5 kV was applied.
An improved method for controllable growth of monolayer WSe2 and its optical characterization
Authors: zhang Wenhao , Yang Xi , Zhu Zhihong
Published: August 2022

Due to the van der Waals interaction between the transition metal sulfide layers, it can be stripped into a single atomic layer, and tungsten diselenides(WSe2) as one of the typical p-type semiconductors has become a research hotspot. WSe2 thin flakes have been successfully prepared by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) methods, but the synthesis conditions of WSe2 are usually highly sensitive and difficult to control, which makes it difficult to grow monolayer WSe2 with good lattice quality in a large area. Here, we use a new CVD growth method to improve the product quality, through the combination of reverse gas flow and rapid heating method to improve the nucleation and lattice quality of WSe2.This work will systematically study the effects of key growth conditions, focus on elucidating the growth mechanism, and optimize the growth parameters. In order to verify the preparation of monolayer and multi-layer WSe2 thin flakes with good lattice quality. WSe2 thin flakes were characterized by optical microscope, atomic force microscope, Raman spectrum and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. Moreover, monolayer WSe2 and multi-layer WSe2 can be distinguished by Raman test and fluorescence spectrum test, and they have different characteristic peaks. We can judge whether the material is monolayer by observing the peak position.
Hierarchical heterostructure consists of Al3+ doped NiFe2O4 nanocubes on NiCo2O4 nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Wang Xingzhao , Luo Jiabing , Zhou Yan , Zhang Jun
Published: August 2022

Spinels are advanced electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to oxophilic properties, however, their research in the field of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) or overall water splitting (OWS) is rarely reported. In this paper, a hierarchical heterostructure electrocatalyst consists of Al3+ doped NiFe2O4 nanocubes on NiCo2O4 nanosheet arrays (A-NCO@NFO/NF) was successfully prepared for electrocatalytic OWS. The preparing strategy is conducting [Fe(CN)6]3− anion exchange and Al3+ cation doping of NiCo(OH)x grown on nickel foam (NF) accompanied by subsequent air calcination. HRTEM confirmed that the successful formation of NCO/NFO heterointerface and the incorporation of Al3+ into the lattices of NCO and NFO. XPS indicated that the NCO/NFO heterojunction promotes the electron transfer from Ni to Fe, which is favorable for the adsorption of H+ during the HER process, and the Al3+ facilitates the electron transfer from Fe to Co, which is favorable for the formation of CoOOH active species during the OER process. The HER and OER overpotentials of the electrocatalyst are only 178 mV and 159 mV, respectively, and a current density of 10 mA cm−2 can be achieved with only 1.61 V applied during the OWS process, also with excellent stability for 25 h. This study provides a new idea for designing spinel-based green composite electrocatalysts.
Design of cobalt nickel nitrides/carbon nitride composite catalysts for enhanced electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Ji Jiawei , Zhang Tianqing , Xia Lunhuan , Chen Zikai , Wang Weikai , Wan Xiaokang
Published: August 2022

Design of efficient non-noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been considered as a crucial issue in the development of future renewable energy utilization. In this paper, we report a composite structure of cobalt nickel nitrides and carbon nitrides as efficient OER electrocatalysts. A facile hydrothermal method was utilized to synthesize the precursors, then the samples were treated with melamine and heated in an N2 atmosphere. The successful preparation of the cobalt nitride nickel/carbon nitride composite catalysts was confirmed by SEM, XRD, and the OER electrochemical performance characterizations. The Co2NiNx/CN catalyst demonstrate an optimal electrocatalytic performance with an overpotential of 0.62 V to reach the current density of 10 mA/cm2, which is lower than that of Ni3N, Ni3N/CN and Co2NiNx. The Tafel slope of Co2NiNx/CN catalyst is only 83.68 mV/dec. The significantly improved electrocatalytic ability is owing to the synergetic effect of cobalt incorporation and imbedding of carbon nitride. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy characteristics were further investigated to understand the mechanism of the novel non-noble metal electrocatalysts with high efficiency.
Four-row APPLE-Knot undulator mechanical design and test piece studies for High Energy Photon Source
Authors: Huang Y.S. , Yang Y.W. , Li X.Y. , Lu H.H. , Gong L.L. , Li Y.H. , Sun Y.J. , Chen W. , Sun S.C. , Li Z.Q. , Zhao S.T. , Zhang L. , Guo Q. , Gong K.Y. , Zhang X.Z.
Published: August 2022

A four-row APPLE-Knot undulator is under developing in the
High Energy Photon Source to get polarization adjustable synchrotron
radiation and reduce on-axis heat load, because of the exotic
magnetic field design, its construction faces challenges in
mechanical design of frame, magnet blocks holder and integral field
shimming method. In this paper, a mechanical design for APPLE-Knot
undulator has been posed and structural deformation has been
analysed, a test piece has been manufactured to test the physical
design as well as magnetic holder design, integral field shimming
method has also been described and realized, the result presents a
good repeatability. It's a practical design of four-row APPLE-Knot
undulator for the High Energy Photon Source.
Achieving sustainability through reducing risks during architecture design process: a lean management perspective
Authors: Abdelrehim Sherouk M , Nessim Ashraf A , Othman Ayman A E
Published: August 2022

The construction industry, as one of the largest industries in the world, plays a critical role in achieving national and international social and economic sustainable development goals. Socially, it is concerned with delivering long-term projects that turn client and end-user requirements into designs that specify technical aspects, functional specific requirements, and standards of quality. Economically, the construction industry contributes to a country’s gross domestic product (GDP) by creating jobs and providing the country’s infrastructure. the construction industry’s nature is more vulnerable than other industries. This is believed to be due to the complex and dynamic nature of construction projects, as well as the involvement of a large number of participants and organisations with varying goals and priorities. The architectural design process is a crucial stage in the life cycle of a construction project. This is due to the fact that decisions made during this phase have an impact on the project throughout its life cycle. Failure to consider risk factors during this phase will have an impact on the project’s sustainability. Although Lean Management has been successfully applied in many sectors of the construction industry, its application in the design process has received far less attention than in construction literature. Accordingly, this research aims to investigate the role of lean management towards achieving sustainability through reducing risks during the architectural design process.
Towards a Taxonomy of The 21st century Architectural Practices in the age of Sustainability and Technology
Authors: Saleh M.T. , Mansour Y. , Kamel S. , Dewidar K. , Farid A.A.
Published: August 2022

The architectural practices witness drastic transformations in the 21st century globally, which put the architectural community in a situation of crisis; facing challenges to identify different trajectories and their characteristics for a reliable evaluation of the approaches and strategies. Conferences and research laboratories started to seek a philosophy interpreting new practices, mostly known is the 2003 Pompidou exhibition in France discussing “Non-standard Architectures”. This research investigates the interrelation between architecture, and the most-two dialectic terms of the age “sustainability and technology”, linking influencing beliefs and philosophies with the design approaches and strategies through a comprehensive design theory. It emphasizes the paradigm shift from modernism architecture that tied the design to craft to a richer knowledge paradigm ties design, technology and craft in a complex-system. This has more impressive and complex drivers corresponding to the reflects of “The Knowledge Power” coined by Foucault that shapes the whole cultural paradigm and its sub-systems of any society across history. Such a philosophy can reach a meta-theory about current practices of architecture seen as isolated islands or fragmented practices through revealing the radical drivers of current iconic projects and identifying hypothetical boundaries that interprets these typologies and their relevancy to each other promoting a new holistic paradigm of architecture.
A Guideline for Developing Resilient Office Buildings using Nanotechnology Applications
Authors: Nagy Gehan , Adnan Haidy
Published: August 2022

Resilient buildings have become a widely researched topic in the engineering discipline. A building has enabled connectivity between building systems, including air conditioning, ventilation, safety and security system. They are even more important with growing pandemic risks and the spread of airborne viruses such as Covid-19. The literature indicates that nanotechnology applications can have a great role in the designing resilient office buildings. Nanotechnologies play a major role in architectural design; building materials combined with nanotechnology became smaller, lighter, and more efficient than conventional materials. Thus, this research aims to develop design guidelines for resilient office buildings in Egypt using nanotechnology applications. The methodology applied includes a review on nanotechnology and resilient office buildings key design features, following a simulation using design builder program where conducted to modify the nanomaterials in resilient office buildings recorded through quantified data. After applying the nanotechnology concept on walls, the roof and glazing types by inserting nanomaterials. The research concluded that the use of vacuum insulation panel, Nano-gel glass and Nano-painting had the highest impact on decreasing the total energy consumption by 14.5% and carbon dioxide emissions by 42%.