bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Item Analysis in Multiple Choice Questions: A Study on Question Difficulty and Authors’ Evaluation
Authors: Konakcı Serap
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are widely used in medical education. Difficulty Index (DIF I), Discrimination Index (DI), and Distractor Efficiency (DE) are the most commonly used item analyses. MCQ authors should anticipate the possible difficulty level in writing their questions and carefully arrange distractors. This study aims to evaluate the quality of MCQ and the predictions of MCQ authors about the difficulty levels of their questions.
Methods: In this study, the DIF I, DI and DE values of 688 MCQs in the exams held in the first year of the 2021-2022 academic year of Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine were investigated. The effect of the number of Non-Functional Distractors (NFD) on DIF I and DI, and the compliance between the DIF I predictions of the question authors and the actual values was evaluated.
Results: DIF I mean was 0.57±0.21, and 47.5% was at the ideal difficulty level. There was a significant difference between the estimated and the actual DIF I (p=0.002). The DI average was 0.31 ± 0.17, and the discrimination level of 43.6% was excellent. 36.8% of distractors were NFD. MCQ's difficulty and discriminatory ability were significantly different according to the number of NFDs (p=0.000 for all).
Discussion: It was determined that the number of NFDs significantly affected difficulty and discriminatory ability. There was a difference between the estimates of the difficulty and the actual values. Reducing the number of options in MCQs and being more careful when crafting questions can improve the quality of the questions.
The Indefinite Article as an Exponent for Partition
Authors: Brandner Ellen
Published: May 2024

The article deals with the phenomenon of the indefinite article occurring with mass nouns of the type I brauch a geld (‘lit. I need a money’), inducing a partition reading for a vague amount. After a survey of its distribution in the Southern German dialects Bavarian and Alemannic, based on a large-scale empirical investigation, the paper focusses on the fine-grained distinction between subsets and subkinds whereby the latter occur with the indefinite article in all variants. A fine-grained functional structure is suggested where the respective functional heads are immediately adjacent, giving rise to the possibility of extending the indefinite article to subsets.
Pseudo-Partitives and Individuation
A Study on Adnominal Genitives in German
Authors: Pfaff Alexander
Published: May 2024

Pseudo-partitives in German do not normally allow genitive marking of the inner nominal, but in the presence of an adjective this is possible. But even then, it is usually a marked option. It has been suggested that genitive marking is the preferred option if the inner nominal is plural. This is partly true, but we adduce additional observations suggesting that there are also semantic conditions making reference to the degree of individuation of the referent of the inner nominal: genitive marking is preferred if the inner nominal denotes a plurality of referents that are high on the individuation scale.
Влияние густоты посадки и сроков уборки на урожай картофеля
Authors: Икоева Лариса Петровна
Published: May 2024

На опытном участке в предгорной зоне РСО-Алания в травопольном, пятипольном севообороте в 2020 – 2022 гг. изучали влияние густоты посадки и сроков уборки на урожай картофеля районированного сорта Фарн. Почва опытного участка — выщелоченный чернозем тяжелосуглинистого механического состава с залеганием галечника. При фенологических наблюдениях существенной разницы в развитии растений не отмечено. На 1 растение независимо от густоты посадки было 4,5 – 5,3 продуктивных стебля. Урожай картофеля возрастал с увеличением густоты посадки. Самым высоким он был во 2-м сроке уборки при густоте посадки 80 тыс. клубней/га — 345 ц/га. Выход семенных клубней при этом был также максимальным — 297 тыс. шт./га. Пораженность клубней и растений черной ножкой возрастала от ранних сроков уборки к более поздним. Треснувшихся клубней было больше при густоте посадки 80 тыс. шт./га при обоих сроках уборки по сравнению с густотой посадки 60 тыс. шт./га на 1,3 и 1,4 % соответственно. Содержимое крахмала в клубнях возрастало от ранних к более поздним срокам уборки и мало изменялось в зависимости от густоты посадки — на 0,2 – 0,4 %. Наибольшее количество высококачественного семенного материала клубней картофеля получено при густоте посадки 60 тыс. шт./га и уборке урожая в начале отмирания ботвы.
Адаптивные признаки эпидермы листьев представителей рода Девясил (Inula L.)
Authors: Тамахина Аида Яковлевна
Published: May 2024

Экологическая пластичность и многофункциональность эпидермы листа является важным фактором адаптации растений к экологическим условиям мест произрастания. Для выявления наиболее информативных признаков адаптации листьев видов рода Девясил (Inula L.) к стресс-факторам изучены морфометрические признаки эпидермы листьев девясилов высокого (Inula helenium L.), британского (I. britannica L.), германского (I. germanica L.) и шероховатого (I. aspera Poir.). Исследования проводили в фитоценозах степной и предгорной почвенно-климатических зон Кабардино-Балкарской Республики (2020 – 2023 гг.) в оптимальных и стрессовых условиях произрастания растений (дефицит влаги, недостаток обменного кальция). По результатам изучения морфометрических признаков эпидермы листьев установлено, что уровень их морфологической интеграции является показателем степени переживаемого растениями стресса. В основе адаптации листьев к стрессу общими для видов рода Девясил является повышение плотности кроющих и железистых трихом. Адаптация к дефициту влаги I. helenium, I. britannica, I. aspera проявляется в увеличении плотности основных эпидермальных клеток, снижении плотности устьиц и устьичного индекса. Адаптация I. germanica к низкой засоленности почвы проявляется в снижении плотности основных эпидермальных клеток, повышении плотности устьиц и устьичного индекса. Уровень согласованности морфометрических признаков эпидермы и стрессово-адаптивный потенциал листьев снижается в ряду: I. helenium > I. aspera > I. britannica > I. germanica. Полученные результаты позволяют использовать систему количественных показателей эпидермы листьев для оценки положения вида в экологическом ряду травянистых растений.
Продуктивность образцов риса Oryza sativa L. краснодарской и зерноградской селекций в коллекционном питомнике в условиях Приморского края
Authors: Илюшко Марина Владиславовна , Ромашова Марина Викторовна , Гученко Светлана Сергеевна , Емельянов Алексей Николаевич
Published: May 2024

Приморский край относится к числу немногих регионов страны, где возможно массовое возделывание риса. В коллекционном питомнике края в 2022 – 2023 гг. исследовано 38 сортообразцов краснодарской и 9 образцов зерноградской селекций риса Oryza sativa L. В качестве контроля использован сорт Приморский 29. Дана характеристика продуктивности южнороссийских образцов для рекомендации в производственное испытание в хозяйствах края в связи с очевидностью планов завоза семян краснодарских сортов на Дальний Восток РФ. Всего в работе проанализировано 1370 растений. По результатам эксперимента 8 южнороссийских сортов обладали продуктивностью на уровне контроля. Из них для производственного испытания в дальневосточной зоне рисосеяния могут быть рекомендованы образцы: Атлант, с. 585 р. 2(47), к.-с. 903(262), Новатор, Боярин, Светлый, так как они набирают массу 1000 зерен выше 26 г. Из-за длительного вегетационного периода в отдельные годы сохраняется риск неполного вызревания зерна риса. Обсуждается перспектива обнаружения восприимчивости инорайонных сортообразцов к приморским расам Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Обосновывается необходимость государственной поддержки восстановления оросительной системы Приморской научно-исследовательской опытной станции риса для семеноводства сортов, районированных по дальневосточной зоне рисосеяния.
IMPROVING THE PROCESS OF FORMING AND USING A CROSS-CULTURAL MODEL OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: KUDRIAVTSEVA O. , BLYZNIUK A.
Published: May 2024

The paper substantiates the need to form a cross-cultural model of personnel management in the context of modern socio-economic relations. Based on analizing the main definitions presented in the special literature, the article clarifies the content of the economic concept of "cross-cultural model of organization's personnel management". The nature of the cross-cultural model of management of a particular organization directly depends on the characteristics of the dominant types of cross-cultural differences in the personnel structure. On this basis, the article provides a classification of cross-culturalism types by the most significant socio-demographic and economic features. One of the most important methodological problems of cross-cultural management in general and substantiation of a rational cross-cultural model of personnel management, in particular, is quantitative assessment of the significance of cross-cultural differentiation of the personnel composition of an organization. In this regard, the paper proposes a comprehensive index of cross-cultural differentiation of the organization's staff. In addition, the main groups of indicators included in the proposed comprehensive index of cross-cultural differentiation of the organization's staff are presented, and the logic of including individual private indicators is characterized. Finally, the interrelation between the types of cross-cultural differences in the organization and the proposed index of cross-cultural differentiation of the organization's staff is demonstrated.
PECULIARITIES OF INNOVATION MANAGEMENT AT RTE
Authors: BLYZNIUK A. , KUDRIAVTSEVA O.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the article is to identify the peculiarities of managing the innovation activity of an enterprise, as well as to determine the sources of information necessary for assessing the innovation activity of a road transport enterprise. The methodological basis of this article is the scientific works of prominent scholars and materials of periodicals. In the course of the study, the article uses the method of logical analysis to substantiate and determine the main prerequisites for innovation activity. The method of system analysis was used to assess the effectiveness of innovation activities. The article also uses a graphical method to present a classification of sources of information on the analysis of innovation activities of enterprises.
An initiative in the field of innovation at any enterprise is always aimed at generating and attracting innovative ideas from the external environment in order to increase competitiveness, strengthen market positions and ensure development prospects. However, different enterprises have significant differences in their ability to attract innovations, which is mainly due to resource constraints. Certain features and the system of innovation management at motor transport enterprises are not equivalent to the management system of the enterprise as a whole. It includes certain functions and actions related to the selection, initiation and implementation of relevant innovation processes at the enterprise. These processes will contribute to the creation of significant competitive advantages under existing resource constraints and ensure proper economic return on resources.
Evaluating the results of the study, it can be argued that the management of innovation activity is a key element of its high-quality, long-term and efficient functioning. However, innovation activity, like any other, requires appropriate management through a mechanism that should be part of the overall strategic management mechanism of the enterprise. Information for further analysis of innovation activities and minimization of investment risks has a decisive impact on the quality of the final data of the motor transport enterprise. A qualitative analysis of the level of technical and technological development of the enterprise serves as an information base for determining the directions of investment in the modernization processes of the road transport enterprise.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIVERSIFICATION AND DIVISIONALIZATION PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF ENTERPRISE RENEWAL
Authors: HETMAN O. , VELYCHKO Ya.
Published: May 2024

The growth of enterprises according to the scheme of concentric and vertical diversification can result in unique competitive advantages in the process of development. However, in this case, diversification does not insure the company against industry-wide crises. It must be recognized that production diversification has a number of disadvantages in unrelated industries. Without experience and poorly oriented in the situation of a new industry, the company can easily lose its position on the market of goods or services. Opening a small business in a new industry, the company gains experience and develops connections, experiencing small losses, receiving small profits.
In order to minimize the risks and losses of companies that are actively diversifying their activities, the article examines the relationship between diversification and divisionalization in the case of transformational changes in the development process in accordance with the existing type of external environment of the organization.
Considering the fact that today there is no clear definition of the concept of diversification, the article considers the scientific problem of defining this concept in the context of obtaining its further development.
The article defines that with increasing dynamism and complexity of the external environment, companies have a need to reduce risks and the need for innovations (technological, management, marketing, etc.) to function in the existing external environment. Innovation usually requires the creation of new divisions, which is a process of sectorization. Diversification of activity is not only a reaction to the carried out process of divisionalization, but also the original reason, caused by the need to reduce activity risks and expand the economic activity of the organization into new areas of activity.
The article concludes that diversification and divisionalization are interrelated processes that exist simultaneously and contribute to the renewal of the enterprise, if the transformation process is carried out in a timely manner and in accordance with the existing type of external environment of the organization.
Kesulitan Membaca Permulaan pada Anak Usia 8 Tahun
Authors: Rahayu Dwi , Dafit Febrina
Published: May 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi tantangan membaca pertama dan strategi remediasi yang dihadapi oleh anak usia 8 tahun di SDN 143 Pekanbaru. Metodologi penelitian kualitatif bergaya studi kasus diterapkan. Dokumentasi, wawancara, dan observasi merupakan sumber datanya. Triangulasi digunakan dalam proses penilaian keabsahan data penelitian ini. Reduksi data, visualisasi data, dan pengambilan kesimpulan digunakan untuk menguji prosedur analitik data. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, beberapa anak masih mengalami kesulitan dalam mengucapkan dan mengenali huruf b dan d, membaca kata yang memiliki imbuhan, dan memahami frasa sederhana. Temuan studi ini menunjukkan bahwa elemen internal, seperti tanda-tanda kelelahan dan tanda-tanda motivasi siswa untuk mengakses bahan bacaan, merupakan penyebab terjadinya tantangan membaca. Latar belakang dan kemahiran membaca adalah contoh faktor lingkungan eksternal. Guru juga telah melakukan berbagai peran dalam membantu siswa mengatasi tantangan membaca mereka, seperti pembawa pesan, fasilitator, perantara, penilai, administrator atau direktur, motivator, penyelenggara, atau inisiator.
Voting for Trade Protectionist Parties: Evidence from Nine Waves of the European Social Survey
Authors: VIÑUELA ENRIQUE GARCÍA , Motz Nicholas , Riera Pedro
Published: May 2024

The paper examines the power of several factors to explain the vote of protectionist parties. The paper focuses on the role of education and compensation policies. A final version of the paper has been accepted in European Union Politics.
A comprehensive standardized dataset on Mental Health Problems (MHPs) of University Students
Authors: Syeed M M Mahbubul , Rahman Ashifur , Akter Laila , Fatema Kaniz , Khan Razib Hayat , Karim Rajaul , Hossain Shakhawat , Uddin Mohammad Faisal
Published: May 2024

Research in assessing the Mental Health Problems (MHPs), e.g., stress, anxiety, and depression of university students has had much interest worldwide for the last decade. This article provides a large and comprehensive dataset concerning the MHPs of 2028 students from 15 top-ranked universities in Bangladesh, including 9 government/public universities and 6 private universities. To collect the data, the GAD-7 (for Anxiety), PSS-10 (for Stress), and PHQ-9 (for Depression) models are adopted to reflect equivalent academic perspectives. Additionally, student sociodemographic data are collected. The adoption of these three models are done by a team of five professors and a student psychologist to best capture the academic and socio-demographic factors that influence MHPs among university students. To conduct the survey google form is developed and circulated among the 15 faculty representatives from the participating universities who further circulated and conducted the survey with the students. Collected data is evaluated to ensure the sufficiency of sample size, and internal consistency and reliability of the response. Furthermore, the levels of anxiety, stress, and depression are calculated using the data to demonstrate its' applicability. This dataset can be used to measure the trajectory of students’ the mental and psychosocial stressors, to adopt required mental health and counseling services, and to conduct data intensive Machine Learning (ML) model development to predictive MPH assessment.
Children’s Expectations About Epistemic Change
Authors: Zhang Rui , Briscoe Mackenzie , Jara-Ettinger Julian
Published: May 2024

People’s mental states constantly change as they navigate and interact with their environment. Accordingly, social reasoning requires us not only to represent mental states but also to understand the ways in which mental states tend to change. Despite their importance, relatively little is known about children’s understanding of the dynamics of mental states. To explore this question, we studied a common type of mental state change: knowledge gain. Specifically, we studied whether five- and six-year-olds distinguish between agents who gain knowledge from those who lose knowledge. In one condition, children saw an agent answer a two-alternative choice question incorrectly, followed by an identical-looking agent who answered the same question correctly (i.e., gaining knowledge). In another condition, children saw the reverse pattern (i.e., losing knowledge). Children were more likely to infer they had seen two different agents in the knowledge loss condition relative to the knowledge gain condition. These results suggest that children have intuitions about how epistemic states change and open new questions about children’s naive theories of mental state dynamics.
The role of expectancy violation in extinction learning: a two-day virtual reality fear conditioning study
Authors: Gromer Daniel , Stegmann Yannik , Gamer Matthias
Published: May 2024

Exposure therapy is an efficient treatment for pathological anxiety, yet its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Prediction error models suggest that optimizing the violation of threat-related expectancies improves treatment outcomes, however, causal evidence is still sparse. The aim of the current study was therefore to provide causal evidence for the influence of the extent of expectancy violations on extinction retention using a novel virtual reality fear conditioning paradigm. In total, 100 participants completed a two-day fear conditioning paradigm in which the approach behavior of an animated stimulus was differentially reinforced with an electrical stimulus. To experimentally manipulate the extent of expectancy violations during fear extinction, participants were presented only with approach behaviors of the conditioned stimulus that either weakly or strongly predicted the aversive outcome, resulting in low vs. high expectancy violations. We found successful fear acquisition and extinction, as well as a short-term influence of the extent of expectancy violations on US-expectancy and threat ratings. On the second day, at a spontaneous recovery and reinstatement test, however, there was only weak evidence for improved extinction retention in the high expectancy violation condition. Maximizing expectancy violations might be a necessary but not sufficient condition for improved extinction retention. Future research needs to address the conditions under which expectancy violations lead to robust expectancy adjustments and how these conditions can be met in exposure therapy for anxiety disorders.
Literacy Skills are Related to Audiovisual Speech Perception in School-Aged Children
Authors: Nematova Shakhlo , Brice Henry , Jasińska Kaja Kinga
Published: May 2024

Does learning to read influence children’s audiovisual (AV) speech perception? This study aimed to answer this question by delving into whether the process of learning to read in Uzbek, a language with a transparent orthography, influences the sensitivity to AV (i.e., mouth movements corresponding to phonetic/lexical information) versus auditory-only (AO) speech cues. Furthermore, the study examined the mediating role of phonological awareness (PA) skills in potentially linking reading and AV speech perception sensitivity.321 pre-readers (age=4-6 years) and readers (age=7-10 years) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan completed PA, AV and AO speech perception, and reading assessments. Overall, both pre-readers and readers showed higher sensitivity to AV speech cues compared to AO speech cues. Readers displayed stronger sensitivity to both AV and AO cues compared to pre-readers. Among readers, better reading skills predicted increased sensitivity to both AV and AO cues. PA mediated the association between reading skills and sensitivity to AO cues but not AV cues, highlighting its explanatory role in this context.Overall, these findings suggest that there is a potential shared mechanism between reading and AV speech perception. In the case of languages with transparent orthographies, this shared mechanism does not seem to be mediated by phonological awareness skills of children.
Is it Time to Abandon the Media Multitasking Index?
Authors: Parry Douglas A. , Fisher Jacob T.
Published: May 2024

For over a decade the media multitasking index (MMI) has been the de facto standard measure for media multitasking. Thousands of studies in communication and adjacent disciplines have used the measure to investigate the relationship between media multitasking and cognitive functioning. In this paper we pose one central question: Is it time to abandon the MMI as a valid measure of media multitasking? To answer this question, we highlight a selection of practical, methodological, and theoretical concerns regarding the validity and usefulness of the MMI for indexing individual differences in media multitasking. Thereafter, we outline a research agenda to evaluate the veracity of these concerns and to advance the development of new measures of media multitasking and the adoption of new research designs. In doing so, we aim to integrate disjointed perspectives and stimulate new, improved theoretical and methodological practices in media multitasking research.
Accounting for Geographic Variation in English Period Fertility
Authors: Ermisch John
Published: May 2024

What accounts for the large variation in fertility among local authority areas in England? Does this mainly reflect the different social composition of the population in the areas? What role do housing costs play in discouraging childbearing in some areas and encouraging it in others? This study aims to answer these questions by analysis of variation in the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) during 2001-2022 among 309 local authority areas. It finds that a substantial majority of the variation can be attributed to the ethnic and educational composition of areas. Although local area median house prices are found to have a negative impact on the area TFR, their impact is small in relation to fertility variation over time or areas.
How Does Company Growth and Liquidity as well as Environmental Performance Have a Role in Company Financial Performance with Digitalization of CSR as an Intervening Variable?
Authors: Dwianika Agustine , Anasta Lawe
Published: May 2024

Perusahaan merupakan bagian dari masyarakat dan lingkungan hidup, sehingga perusahaan mempunyai tanggung jawab terhadap masyarakat dengan kinerjanya. Namun berdasarkan penilaian Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup melalui pemeringkatan PROPER. Peringkat merah menandakan masih ada perusahaan yang tidak mengelola lingkungannya sesuai ketentuan. Metode purposive sampling diperoleh 105 sampel dari 21 perusahaan Consumer Non-Cyclicals tahun 2017 – 2021 yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Data penelitian diolah menggunakan Eviews 12 dengan model terbaik adalah Fixed Effect Model. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi rendahnya pertumbuhan suatu perusahaan yang dinilai melalui penjualan dapat mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan suatu perusahaan dan tingkat likuiditas perusahaan, yang berarti kemampuan perusahaan dalam membayar kewajibannya pada saat jatuh tempo dapat mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan dan mempertimbangkan dengan digitalisasi. CSR. Hal ini berguna bagi manajer dalam menentukan strategi keberlanjutan perusahaan.Kata Kunci: Perkembangan Perusahaan, Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan
Analysis of IT Service Desk Applications Using the Servqual Method at The Republic of Indonesia National Library
Authors: Khasanah Siti Nur , Masyithoh Dewi
Published: May 2024

The National Library has implemented an Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) so that library service operations and operations for the national library staff have used a computerized system which results in the PERPUSNAS requiring centralized management of IT problems, namely the IT Service Desk. As an IT problem service, IT Service Desk needs to be analyzed to measure the level of user satisfaction to determine the quality of its services. In this study, the measurement of the level of user satisfaction of IT service desk services was carried out using the Servqual method which has 5 dimensions of service quality, namely Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Emphaty by looking for the value of the gap between the value of perception and the value of expectations from users. The results of the IT Service Desk measurement at PERPUSNAS RI obtained a gap of -0.78 with the category "Good Enough".
User Centered Design in Analysis and Design of UI UX in the Simpeg Application of Dharmais Cancer Hospital
Authors: Normah Normah , Rifai Bakhtiar , Cahya Fani Nurona , Widiastuti Pratiwi Indah
Published: May 2024

Dharmais Cancer Hospital as a health service facility that is experienced in its field, of course, has human resources which are important, so to support employee performance in terms of employee rights such as employee leave, media is needed that really supports employee needs. Through the employee support system, namely the Employee Information System (SIMPEG) application, several problems were found in terms of appearance and the proposal process as well as the leave recapitulation process which did not exist in the previous SIMPEG application. From the problems found in the Personnel Information System (SIMPEG), a User Centered Design (UCD) method is offered which places the Personnel Information System (SIMPEG) users as the main consideration for building a new system. In the design process there are three steps that are carried out starting from the initial stage, the development stage and the final stage, where at the initial stage testing is carried out using a questionnaire, the average result is 53 which means OK but still low or not good, after the development of the system is carried out and the distribution of questionnaires was carried out again, the results were 71, which means Good. With the design of a Personnel Information System (SIMPEG) using the User Centered Design (UCD) method, it produces a new User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) design for the Personnel Information System (SIMPEG), which consists of a forgot password menu feature, leave recap and display easier to use for employees.
Phyton-Based Machine Learning Algorithm To Predict Obesity Risk Factors In Adult Populations
Authors: Rahmawati Mari , Lestari Ade Fitria , Hardani Sri
Published: May 2024

Obesity is a serious health problem because it can lead to a variety of diseases. Adults are prone to obesity due to several factors such as age, physical activity, weight, diet, gender, lifestyle and so on. Machine Learning as one of the methods for predicting and classifying factors of obesity especially in the adult population. In machine learning, there are various types of algorithms that can be used to classify data. In this study, using the K-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree and Naïve Bayes algorithms, 2111 datasets were used and processed using the Phyton programming language. The results were obtained from the comparison of the three algoritms with the highest accuracy of 93.6%, the Decision Trees with 79.6% and the Naïv Bayes with 60%.
Optimizing Heart Failure Detection: A Comparison between Naive Bayes and Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Hamid Abdul , Ridwansyah Ridwansyah
Published: May 2024

This research focuses on the importance of early detection of heart failure which is a serious global health problem. Given the variety of symptoms of heart failure, accurate early detection methods are needed with the aim of reducing the impact of this disease. This study uses the Naïve Bayes (NB) method which has been proven effective in classifying heart failure with significant variations in accuracy by integrating Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to improve the model. The evaluation model involves a confusion matrix including accuracy, precision, recall, and Area Under the Curve. The research results show that the integration of PSO in NB results in an increase in accuracy of 7.73%, an increase in precision of 6.42%, and an increase in recall of 1.93%. Although there was a small decrease in AUC. This research shows that the success of NB with PSO can help improve the performance of early detection of heart failure. This indicates the importance of this research in developing more accurate and effective detection methods for critical health conditions such as heart failure.
Adaptability parameters of the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ of spring barley in the conditions of the Ryazan region
Authors: Levakova O. V.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the current work was to study the ecological adaptability and stability of the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ of spring barley varieties of different ecological and geographical origins over three years of research in the conditions of the Ryazan region. To analyze and study this issue 26 varieties of the collection nursery were studied on the fields of the laboratory of breeding and primary seed production of ISA, a branch of the FSBI FRAEC VIM, located in the forest-steppe agroclimatic zone of the Ryazan region in 2021–2023. To calculate the adaptability parameters, there were used the following coefficients and indicators: adaptability coefficient (AC), yield range (d, %), homeostatic index (Homi), variety yield stability level index (VISLi, %), environmental adaptability (a linear regression coefficient) (bi), stability of the trait (σd2), index of environmental conditions (Ij), stability factor (SF), genetic flexibility of the variety (Ymin+Ymax/2), stress resistance (Ymin–Ymax) and coefficient of responsiveness to favorable growing conditions (Cr), calculated using appropriate methods. The study has established that the dominant influence (66.4 %) on the variability of the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ of the studied varieties is made by the factor “year” (growth and development conditions). A significant contribution to the formation of the indicator “weight of 1000 grains” is made by the meteorological conditions of the grain filling phase (July) – HTC (r = +0.722 p = 0.01) and the amount of precipitation (r = +0.637, p = 0.01). 80.8 % of the 26 varieties studied belonged to the large-grain group (1000-grain weight was more than 50.0 g), the average varietal yield of the varieties was quite high with 6.84 t/ha. Based on the principle of ranking the obtained indicators of adaptability of the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ and its components, there were identified the varieties ‘Dobry’, ‘Magutny’ (Republic of Belarus) and ‘Lenetah’ (USA), which took, respectively, first, second and third places in the rating scale. It can be recommended to involve these varieties in a breeding crossbreeding program to increase grain size.
Adaptive potential of winter common wheat varieties in the Penza region
Authors: Kosenko S. V.
Published: May 2024

The current paper has presented the results of long-term study (2014–2023) of productivity, adaptability parameters and correlation between a genotype and environment of winter common wheat varieties in the forest-steppe conditions of the Penza region.

   The purpose of the study was to determine the response of winter common wheat varieties in changing agroclimatic conditions according to productivity.

   The vegetation conditions during the years of study varied in temperature and amount of precipitation, which served as a good background for conducting research on the issue in question. The objects for the study were 9 zoned varieties approved for cultivation in the Middle Volga region and 5 winter common wheat varieties developed by the FSBRI CBFC. The zoned winter common wheat variety ‘Fotiniya’ was used as a standard. The years of the varieties’ study were divided into favorable, typical (mean) and unfavorable (dry, excessively wet). Winter common wheat productivity in favorable years averaged 5.68 t/ha, in typical years it was 4.32 t/ha and 2.19 t/ in unfavorable years. As a result of determining the response of winter common wheat varieties in changing agroclimatic conditions according to productivity, there was proven a strong effect of environmental conditions and genotype. There have been proposed for breeding use such valuable and stable genotypes of winter common wheat as ‘Biryuza’, ‘Skipetr’, ‘Don-eko’, ‘Alyonushka’, ‘Pamyati Krivobocheka’, ‘Surskaya Nika’, ‘Dargo’, which should be placed on a high and medium agricultural background. The varieties ‘Fotiniya’ and ‘Klavdiya 2’ are highly adaptable to unfavorable cultivation conditions and will have an advantage over other varieties in medium and low agricultural backgrounds.
The Civil War Political Tradition: Ten Portraits of Those Who Formed It
Authors: Olsen Christopher
Published: May 2024

Paul Escott has composed ten concise but deeply learned and incisive biographies of key Americans in the years leading up to the Civil War. Escott profiles Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Frederick Douglass, Stephen A. Douglas, Jefferson Davis, Abraham Lincoln, Horace Greeley, Albion Tourgée, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, illustrating how these men and women established, embodied, and advanced the opposing political and cultural trends that culminated in the great crisis of the nineteenth century.
Preliminary Study: Validation of Measure for Psychology Students Employability Skills
Authors: Fadillah Suwarno  , Amy Mardhatillah
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to validate the measurement of Psychology students Employability Skills. This research used quantitative method by conducting two studies, exploratory and confirmatory studies. The sample used in this study was 206 Psychology students. The references in developing this measurement are SCANS (1992), The Conference Board of Canada (1992), Cotton (1993), Robinson (2000), Rosenberg (2012), Hamid (2014) which produced 87 questionnaire items with six aspects. The result of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) showed 27 items that are grouped together into five factors namely thinking skills, basic academic, interpersonal skills, technology skills, and personal qualities. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) yields 16 items (CR = 0.81) with three factors namely Basic Academic (CR = 0.74), Thinking Skills (CR = 0.70), Sociability (CR = 0.64). The model of measurement is fit for the first-order (Chi-Square = 105.95, df = 93, p-value = 0.12, RMSEA = 0.029) and for second-order (Chi-Square = 101.21, df = 83, p-value = 0.066, RMSEA = 0.034). This measurement is able to provide an evaluation for Psychology students employability skills. Implication of this evaluation can be used to design intervention in enhancing employability skills among Psychology students.
Analysis of Problems in the State of Heat Supply to Residential Buildings Using Heat Pump Circuits
Authors: Fedosov S. V. , Fedoseev V. N. , Voronov V. A.
Published: May 2024

Currently, the energy-efficient use of heat exchangers such as heat pumps is difficult in most regions of the Russian Federation. Most of the modern heat supply problems of built-in heat pump systems can be solved by organizational and technical means. First of all, it is necessary to streamline and compare foreign and domestic experience in the processes of design, production and installation work in the construction industry. The regulatory documentation also needs to take into account the climatic specifics of the regions and, accordingly, the modern building materials used in Russia. All the indicated points will directly affect the composition of the project documentation and will affect such sections as PPR and PIC. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main problems that hinder the formation of efficient production of thermal energy by heat pumps. The article uses general theoretical methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, analogy, generalization, comparison), etc. As a result of the study, the problems of using heat pump devices on the territory of the Russian Federation are identified and formulated. These include gaps in regulatory documentation, the lack of incentive government programs, the lack of service support from most device manufacturers and the lack of a real physical and mathematical model of the software of the internal circuit of a heat pump system, on the basis of which it would be possible to predict the performance of the device within the life cycle of a construction project. The main organizational and technological solutions for the effective use of heat pump devices within the life cycle of low-rise buildings and structures are formulated.
LIVING TRANSLATION
Authors: Pritzker Sonya E.
Published: May 2024

Integrating theoretical perspectives with carefully grounded ethnographic analyses of everyday interaction and experience, Living Translation examines the worlds of international translators as well as U.S. teachers and students of Chinese medicine, focusing on the transformations that occur as participants engage in a “search for resonance” with foreign terms and concepts. Based on a close examination of heated international debates as well as specific texts, classroom discussions, and interviews with publishers, authors, teachers, and students, Sonya Pritzker demonstrates the “living translation” of Chinese medicine as a process unfolding through interaction, inscription, embodied experience, and clinical practice. By documenting the stream of conversations that together constitute this process, the book thus traces the translation of Chinese medicine from text to practice with an eye towards the social, political, historical, moral, and even personal dimensions involved in the transnational production of knowledge about health, illness, and the body.
BEYOND THE LOOKING GLASS
Authors: Salzberg Ana
Published: May 2024

As living subjects rather than static icons, studio-era Hollywood actresses actively negotiated a balance between their public personas, film roles, and corporeal presence. The contemporary audience’s engagement with the experience of these actresses unsettles the traditional model of narcissistic identification, which divides the off-screen spectator from his/her on-screen ideal. Exploring the fan’s desire for a material connection to the performer – as well as the star’s own dialogue between embodied experience and idealized image – Beyond the Looking Glass traces on- and off-screen representations of narcissistic femininity in classical Hollywood through studies of stars like Greta Garbo, Ava Gardner, and Marilyn Monroe. Merging historical and theoretical concerns, with particular attention to the resonance of golden-age Hollywood in new media, this book explores the movie screen as a medium of shared experience between spectator and star.
TALKING STONES
Authors: Viggiani Elisabetta
Published: May 2024

If memory was simply about past events, public authorities would never put their ever-shrinking budgets at its service. Rather, memory is actually about the present moment, as Pierre Nora puts it: “Through the past, we venerate above all ourselves.” This book examines how collective memory and material culture are used to support present political and ideological needs in contemporary society. Using the memorialization of the Troubles in contemporary Northern Ireland as a case study, this book investigates how non-state, often proscribed, organizations have filled a societal vacuum in the creation of public memorials. In particular, these groups have sifted through the past to propose “official” collective narratives of national identification, historical legitimation, and moral justifications for violence.
RIVERS, MEMORY, AND NATION-BUILDING
Authors: Zeisler-Vralsted Dorothy
Published: May 2024

Rivers figure prominently in a nation’s historical memory, and the Volga and Mississippi have special importance in Russian and American cultures. Beginning in the pre-modern world, both rivers served as critical trade routes connecting cultures in an extensive exchange network, while also sustaining populations through their surrounding wetlands and bottomlands. In modern times, “Mother Volga” and the “Father of Waters” became integral parts of national identity, contributing to a sense of Russian and American exceptionalism. Furthermore, both rivers were drafted into service as the means to modernize the nation-state through hydropower and navigation. Despite being forced into submission for modern-day hydrological regimes, the Volga and Mississippi Rivers persist in the collective memory and continue to offer solace, recreation, and sustenance. Through their histories we derive a more nuanced view of human interaction with the environment, which adds another lens to our understanding of the past.
THE FORGOTTEN MAJORITY
Authors: Schulte Beerbühl Margrit
Published: May 2024

The “forgotten majority” of German merchants in London between the end of the Hanseatic League and the end of the Napoleonic Wars became the largest mercantile Christian immigrant group in the eighteenth century. Using previously neglected and little used evidence, this book assesses the causes of their migration, the establishment of their businesses in the capital, and the global reach of the enterprises. As the acquisition of British nationality was the admission ticket to Britain’s commercial empire, it investigates the commercial function of British naturalization policy in the early modern period, while also considering the risks of failure and chance for a new beginning in a foreign environment. As more German merchants integrated into British commercial society, they contributed to London becoming the leading place of exchange between the European continent, Russia, and the New World.
ENHANCING DEMOCRACY
Authors: Delamaza Gonzalo
Published: May 2024

Since the end of the Pinochet regime, Chilean public policy has sought to rebuild democratic governance in the country. This book examines the links between the state and civil society in Chile and the ways social policies have sought to ensure the inclusion of the poor in society and democracy. Although Chile has gained political stability and grown economically, the ability of social policies to expand democratic governance and participation has proved limited, and in fact such policies have become subordinate to an elitist model of democracy and resulted in a restrictive form of citizen participation.
Ontological Dimension of Community Education Refers to Augustine’s Thought in The City of God
Authors: Mulyatno Carolus Borromeus , Widodo Agus
Published: May 2024

To educate each person integrally as a member of society, ethical principles with an ontological dimension are needed. This qualitative research with literature study method aims to explore the ontological dimension of community education refers to Augustine’s thought in The City of God. The results of this study show that community education is synonymous with building the City of God, which is characterized by human relationships with God so that they are able to use freedom driven by altruist love to implement social responsibility for the realization of peace, justice and happiness in common life. Education of conscience plays an important role in developing the sensitivity, concern and responsibility of each person to realize true happiness in life together. True happiness, which is the goal of everyone’s life, has a moral, relational-dialogical, dynamic and affective character. Altruistic love, which stems from man’s relationship with God, is an ethical principle in social life. At the same time, the idea of each person’s relationship with God and his presence in conscience confirms Augustine’s position on the ontological dimension of the morality of living together. Augustine’s ideas about the ontological dimension of social morality have influenced moral education in the Christian tradition and philosophical discourse over time.
Isaiah 6:1–3 and Angelomorphic Christology. An Approach to Understand Origen’s Isaiah Exegesis
Authors: Laato Antti
Published: May 2024

This article deals with Origen’s interpretation of Isaiah’s vision in Isa 6. Origen refers to his Hebrew Master’s statement in Orig. Princ. 1.3.4 where two Seraphim are identified with Christ and the Holy Spirit. The main scope in the article is to put the Hebrew Master’s opinion in balance with Origen’s own Christology. The problem is approached from the method of biblical argumentation by using ancien reception historical ways to understand scripture. The Hebrew Master’s statement is related to three important themes: First, the angelomorphic theophanies in the Old Testament provide a general background for the idea that Christ (and the Holy Spirit) can be identified with Seraphim. Second, Origen relates Isaiah’s Seraphim to Cherubim in the Ark of Covenant and use Hab 3:2 to illustrate his Christology. Third, the Christology of the Ascension of Isaiah provides a good parallel to understand the Hebrew Master’s statement about Seraphim. The main result in the article is that Origen’s own Christology is well balanced with the statement of the Hebrew Master. Origen’s teachings about Christ can be characterized as high and subordinate Christology, and its roots are in early Jewish-Christian circles.