bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational identification of potential modulators of heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) for pharmacological intervention against sickle cell disease
Authors: Owoloye Afolabi J. , Olubode Samuel O. , Ogunleye Adewale , Idowu Emmanuel T. , Oyebola Kolapo M.
Published: December 2023

Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) poses a significant health challenge and therapeutic approaches often target fetal hemoglobin (HbF) to ameliorate symptoms. Hydroxyurea, a current therapeutic option for SCD, has shown efficacy in increasing HbF levels. However, concerns about myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia necessitate the exploration of alternative compounds. Heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) presents a promising target for pharmacological intervention in SCD due to its association with HbF modulation. This study systematically screened compounds for their potential inhibitory functions against HRI. Methods Small-molecule compounds from 17 plants commonly utilized in traditional SCD management were subjected toin silicoscreening against HRI. Molecular docking was performed, and free binding energy calculations were determined using molecular mechanics with generalized born and surface area (MMGBSA). The lead compounds were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation at 100 ns. Computational quantum mechanical modelling of the lead compounds was subsequently performed. We further examined the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetic and physiological properties of the identified compounds. Results Five potential HRI inhibitors, including kaempferol-3-(2G-glucosyrutinoside), epigallocatechin gallate, tiliroside, myricetin-3-O-glucoside, and cannabiscitrin, with respective docking scores of -16.0, -12.17, -11.37, -11.56 and 11.07 kcal/mol, were identified. The MMGBSA analysis of the complexes yielded free-binding energies of -69.76, -71.17, -60.44, 53.55, and − 55 kcal/mol, respectively. The identified leads were stable within HRI binding pocket for the duration of 100 ns simulation. Conclusions The study successfully identified five phytoligands with potential inhibitory effects on HRI, opening avenues for their use as modulators of HbF in SCD patients. This finding holds promise for advancing treatment strategies in SCD. However, additional preclinical analyses are warranted to validate the chemotherapeutic properties of the lead compounds.
Evaluation of Spinach Cultivars for Resistance to Stemphylium Leaf Spot (Stemphylium vesicarium) and White Rust (Albugo occidentalis)
Authors: Spawton Kayla A. , Stein Larry A. , du Toit Lindsey J.
Published: December 2023

Stemphylium leaf spot, caused by Stemphylium vesicarium, and white rust, caused by Albugo occidentalis, can cause significant losses in spinach production. Management of these foliar diseases of spinach has become increasingly challenging with the development of fungicide resistance in some pathogen populations, high planting density and overhead irrigation used for baby leaf spinach production, and the fact that >60% of fresh market spinach production in the United States is certified organic. To identify spinach cultivars with resistance to Stemphylium leaf spot and white rust, a field trial was performed near Crystal City, TX, USA, in 2021 (79 cultivars), 2022 (87 cultivars), and 2023 (63 cultivars). Each year, the plants were inoculated with S. vesicarium and rated for disease severity. Plants were also rated for white rust severity that resulted from natural infection during the 2021 and the 2022 trials. During each trial, 11% to 27% of the cultivars were identified as resistant to Stemphylium leaf spot, and another 29% to 48% had moderately resistant reactions. In contrast, only 5 of 79 cultivars (6%) in the 2021 trial did not develop symptoms of white rust, and all 87 cultivars evaluated in the 2022 trial had symptoms of white rust. Although there was no significant correlation between mean Stemphylium leaf spot ratings and mean white rust ratings during these trials, the cultivars Colusa, Kodiak, PV-1569, and PV-1664 displayed resistant or moderately resistant responses to both diseases in at least two trials. Therefore, processing and fresh market spinach growers have resistant cultivars from which to select to reduce the economic impacts of Stemphylium leaf spot and white rust.
Fruitlet Thinning Reduces Biennial Bearing in Seven High-tannin Cider Apple Cultivars
Authors: Zakalik David , Brown Michael G. , Peck Gregory M.
Published: December 2023

Many European apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) cultivars used for making alcoholic cider have a highly biennial bearing habit. To determine target crop load recommendations, seven cider cultivars grown in a high-density orchard were hand-thinned to crop densities of 0, 3, 6, and 9 fruit/cm2 trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) or left unthinned as a control for 3 consecutive years (2016–18). Treatments were imposed on the same trees for all 3 years. Greater year-to-year yield variability, as measured by the biennial bearing index (BBI), correlated negatively with cumulative yields both within and among cultivars. Greater crop density had a negative correlation with the amount of return bloom in all years, but reducing crop density had a negligible effect on return bloom in the “off” year. When trees were left unthinned in the high-crop “on” years there was little to no return bloom in the following year. Partial budget analysis found that manually reducing crop density would result in a positive net change in 3-year profitability for Dabinett, but not the other cultivars. Over 4 years, under conservative assumptions about fruit set, chemical thinning to 9 fruit/cm2 TCSA would likely result in increased cumulative profitability in all seven cultivars. Hand-thinning was projected to be less profitable than chemical thinning but would still result in increased net profitability over 4 years, for five of the seven cultivars. These findings highlight the horticultural and economic benefits of crop load management for cider apple orchards. Further, many high-tannin cider cultivars can sustain a higher crop density than what is recommended for fresh-market apple production and still have adequate return bloom and cumulative yields.
Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Timing on Short-day Onion Production
Authors: de Jesus Hanna Ibiapina , Ribeiro da Silva Andre Luiz Biscaia , Dutta Bhabesh , Coolong Timothy
Published: December 2023

Onions (Allium cepa) are typically planted late fall and harvested in spring in the Vidalia, GA, USA, region. Onions grown here are renowned for their for sweetness and are marketed to consumers as Vidalia onions. High rainfall during the relatively long growing season (4 to 5 months) may result in nitrogen (N) leaching during production. Therefore, fertilizer applications are usually aligned with stages of crop development to ensure nutrient availability for the entire season. Although the impacts of N application rate have been previously investigated for Vidalia onion production, the optimal timing for the final N application of the season has not been determined. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal timing of the last fertilizer N application (at bulb initiation, during bulb growth, or during bulb maturation) in conjunction with the impact of three N application rates (75, 105, and 135 lb/acre N) on yield and quality in Vidalia onion. Soil N levels were affected by N rate, year, and onion growth stage. In 2020, up to 135 lb/acre N was required to maximize onion yields, and in 2021, onion yields were unchanged among N fertilizer treatments. Final N applications at bulb initiation resulted in greater yields than applications made during bulb growth or bulb maturation. In addition, as the N rate increased and the time of final application occurred later in bulb development, pungency values increased. Incidence of sour skin (Burkholderia cepacia) and center rot (Pantoea sp.) diseases were greater in 2020 compared with 2021 and seemed to be affected by environmental conditions more than N fertilization.
The effect of vermicompost and K+amino on the winter rape growth
Authors: Olle Margit
Published: December 2023

Vermicompost contains a high concentration of macro- and micronutrients, vitamins, growth hormones, enzymes such as proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, and chitinases, as well as immobilized microflora. Vermicompost improves plant germination, growth, biomass, and yield. K+amino is a biologically active liquid soil amendment that is suitable for organic gardens of all types. It is a 100 % veganic growth- and health-promoting liquid microbial inoculant for all plant types, particularly fast-growing crops like vegetables, fruits, and blooms. The purpose of investigation was to look the effect of vermicompost and k+amino on the winter rape germination and growth. Methods: There were six treatments: 1. A rape (means a rape crop in Aru Agricultural Ltd. soil), 2. A rape+YaraBela AXAN 0.3g per pot, 3. A rape+vermicompost 7.9 g per pot in the soil+the vermiextract is sprayed on the plants 1 week after sowing, 2 weeks after sowing, both treatments 1:30, 33 ml extract per 1 L water, 4. A rape+vermicompost 7.9 g per pot in the soil, 5. A rape+vermiextract is sprayed on the plants 1 week after sowing, 2 weeks after sowing, both treatments 1:30, 33 ml extract per 1 L water, 6. A rape+K+Amino biostimulator is sprayed on the plants 1 week after sowing, 2 weeks after sowing, both treatments 5 ml K+Amino per 1 L water. Results: Rape plants were elongated in treatment with YaraBela AXAN. Stem diameter was largest in K+Amino treatment. Root length was lowest in treatment with vermicompst extract (soil was too moisty and compacted). Conclusions: Vermicompost tended to improve plant growth, while stem diameter was largely increased by using k+amino fertilizer. It turns out both actually are good sources of mineral nutrients and also different enzymes and microbes, which help plants grow
Lifting integrable models and long-range interactions
Authors: de Leeuw Marius , Retore Ana Lucia
Published: December 2023

In this paper we discuss a constructive approach to check whether a constant Hamiltonian is Yang-Baxter integrable. We then apply our method to long-range interactions and find the Lax operator and R-matrix of the three-loop SU(2) sector in N=4 SYM. We show that all known integrable long-range deformations of the 6-vertex models of this type can be obtained from a Lax operator and an R-matrix. Finally we discuss what happens at higher loops and highlight some general structures that these models exhibit.
Improving the forecasting accuracy of monthly runoff time series of the Brahmani River in India using a hybrid deep learning model
Authors: Swagatika Sonali , Paul Jagadish Chandra , Sahoo Bibhuti Bhusan , Gupta Sushindra Kumar , Singh P. K.
Published: December 2023

Accurate prediction of monthly runoff is critical for effective water resource management and flood forecasting in river basins. In this study, we developed a hybrid deep learning (DL) model, Fourier transform long short-term memory (FT-LSTM), to improve the prediction accuracy of monthly discharge time series in the Brahmani river basin at Jenapur station. We compare the performance of FT-LSTM with three popular DL models: LSTM, recurrent neutral network, and gated recurrent unit, considering different lag periods (1, 3, 6, and 12). The lag period, representing the interval between the observed data points and the predicted data points, is crucial for capturing the temporal relationships and identifying patterns within the hydrological data. The results of this study show that the FT-LSTM model consistently outperforms other models across all lag periods in terms of error metrics. Furthermore, the FT-LSTM model demonstrates higher Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and R2 values, indicating a better fit between predicted and actual runoff values. This work contributes to the growing field of hybrid DL models for hydrological forecasting. The FT-LSTM model proves effective in improving the accuracy of monthly runoff forecasts and offers a promising solution for water resource management and river basin decision-making processes.
Tree dieback and subsequent changes in water quality accelerated the climate-related warming of a central European forest lake
Authors: Kopáček Jiří , Grill Stanislav , Hejzlar Josef , Porcal Petr , Turek Jan
Published: December 2023

The water temperature of many lakes has recently risen as a result of climate change. We evaluated trends in the cloudiness, solar radiation, wind, air and water temperatures, ice cover, thermocline depth, transparency, and composition of two Bohemian Forest lakes (Czech Republic) from 1998 to 2022. Lake water temperatures increased by 0.32–0.47 °C decade−1, and the ice cover periods decreased by 11.7–14.8 days decade−1. These changes were mostly associated with increasing air temperatures during most months and increasing solar radiation (due to decreasing cloudiness) especially in March and November (the months preceding ice-on/off). Decreasing snow cover in winter (by 3.8 cm decade−1) further accelerated the earlier ice melt. The number of days with water temperature ≥4 °C increased similarly in both lakes by 12–13 days decade−1. However, the number of days with water temperature ≥20 °C increased and the depth of the summer thermocline decreased more in the lake with tree dieback in its catchment. Tree dieback accelerated the leaching of organic carbon and phosphorus, increasing water brownification, algal production, and decreasing water transparency. Solar radiation was absorbed in shallower water layers. Changes in catchment forest thus contributed to the variability in the response of lake water temperatures to climate change.
Impacts of hydroclimate change on climate-resilient agriculture at the river basin management
Authors: Singha Chiranjit , Sahoo Satiprasad , Govind Ajit , Pradhan Biswajeet , Alrawashdeh Shatha , Hamdi Aljohani Taghreed , Almohamad Hussein , Md Towfiqul Islam Abu Reza , Abdo Hazem Ghassan
Published: December 2023

This paper focuses on exploring the potential of Climate resilient agriculture (CRA) for river basin-scale management. Our analysis is based on long-term historical and future climate and hydrological datasets within a GIS environment, focusing on the Ajoy River basin in West Bengal, Eastern India. The standardized anomaly index (SAI) and slope of the linear regression (SLR) methods were employed to analyse the spatial pattern of the climate variables (precipitation, Tmax and Tmin) and hydrological variables (actual evapotranspiration (AET), runoff (Q), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), potential evapotranspiration (PET), and climate water deficit (DEF)) using the TerraClimate dataset spanning from 1958 to 2020. Future climate trend analysis spanning 2021 to 2050 was conducted using the CMIP6 based GCMs (MIROC6 and EC-Earth3) dataset under shared socio-economic pathway (SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5 and historical). For spatiotemporal water storage analysis, we relied on Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) from the Center for Space Research (CSR) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) data, covering the period from 2002 to 2021. Validation was performed using regional groundwater level data, employing various machine learning classification models. Our findings revealed a negative precipitation trend (approximately −0.04 mm/year) in the southern part, whereas the northern part exhibited a positive trend (approximately 0.10 mm/year).
Margaret Mead e Ken Heyman
Authors: Mendonça João Martinho Braga de
Published: December 2023

Este artigo procura pensar o uso da fotografia no campo da antropologia com base nos trabalhos desenvolvidos por Margaret Mead em parceria com o fotógrafo Ken Heyman. Uma antropologia visual fotográfica se faz presente historicamente na medida em que, desde o século XIX, a disciplina antropológica experimentou o uso da imagem fotográfica nos mais diversos projetos. Margaret Mead teve um papel importante no século XX, especialmente por seu trabalho em parceria com Gregory Bateson em Bali (1936 - 1942), tanto quanto por seu curto artigo publicado na abertura de uma coletânea dedicada a pensar os princípios da antropologia visual (1975). Entretanto, como dimensionar as contribuições de Mead para além das posições expressas nas obras suprareferidas? Nesse sentido, um exame da colaboração de Mead com Ken Heyman poderá lançar luz nas concepções de antropologia visual que podem ser evocadas quando se considera a relação e o trabalho colaborativo entre fotógrafas e antropólogas.
Mulheres Indígenas Mendonça
Authors: Lewitzki Taisa
Published: December 2023

A resenha busca apresentar a dissertação de autoria de Tayse Campos, intitulada “Mulheres indígenas Mendonça: cotidiano, resistência e luta por direitos no Rio Grande do Norte” que aborda os processos de organização e luta política das mulheres Mendonça que ocupam a posição de liderança. A partir da biografia da autora, o texto advoga acerca da autoetnografia como forma de visibilizar a diversidade da atuação e protagonismo das mulheres indígenas na organização Mendonça, e respectivamente no movimento indígena do RN.
Apresentação
Authors: Coutinho Gabriela Lucena de Oliveira , Pinheiro Pablo B. , Sousa Vicente de Paulo
Published: December 2023

Partimos de um ponto em comum para traçar uma linha que pudesse contribuir com exemplos visuais e reflexões sobre o uso da fotografia na Antropologia e suas formas de experimentações em etnografias. Este dossiê visa aumentar as contribuições para que possamos compreender estas formas de se perceber as imagens como de algo vivo e potente (SAMAIN, 2018), que podem servir como importantes construções de conhecimentos em torno de nosso campo, a Antropologia.
Entre sangue e úteros
Authors: Cavalcanti Clarissa
Published: December 2023

A retirada do útero é um procedimento que pode ser indicado por diversos motivos e que atravessa as pessoas de diferentes maneiras. Usualmente, o processo de adoecimento uterino pode ser causado por miomas benignos que resultam na histerectomia, e aqui é analisado através do relato de mulheres de camadas médias urbanas que passaram pelo procedimento. Neste artigo, além de apresentar a histerectomia e os principais itinerários terapêuticos até a cirurgia, busco refletir sobre a potencialidade do tema para a Antropologia da Saúde e do Gênero, visto que a decisão de retirar o útero perpassa as vivências com a maternidade e as reflexões sobre o significado deste órgão na vida das pessoas. Entendo que a pesquisa realizada teve seus limites metodológicos, baseando-se em 15 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com mulheres de camadas médias urbanas de Brasília. Nesse sentido, sugiro que o seguimento de investigações sobre adoecimentos uterinos, sobretudo a histerectomia, têm potencial para análises sob diversas perspectivas, especialmente por meio de novas metodologias e na diversificação dos atores envolvidos.
lugar da biblioteca escolar e da pessoa bibliotecária na proposta pedagógica da Lei de Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio
Authors: Costa Daniela Machado Sampaio , Leal Débora Leitão
Published: December 2023

Este estudo tem por objetivo geral analisar como a biblioteca e o bibliotecário estão apresentados na Proposta Pedagógica da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases do Ensino Médio e, quanto aos seus objetivos específicos, pretende: investigar as relações da educação com a biblioteca escolar; apresentar o papel e a importância do bibliotecário escolar; contextualizar a inclusão/ atuação da biblioteca e do bibliotecário na proposta Pedagógica da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases do Ensino Médio. O método utilizado para alcançar os objetivos deste estudo foi o da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental cujo nível, quanto aos seus objetivos, é exploratório e sua abordagem qualitativa. Observou-se que, na proposta do projeto pedagógico a biblioteca e o bibliotecário não são citados e, na maioria delas, a biblioteca escolar poderia facilmente atuar como ator no processo formativo do estudante, como suporte na oferta de material didático, como espaço de convivência, como espaço de oferta de atividades culturais, entre tantas outras possibilidades.
Universidade e relações de gênero
Authors: Silva Júnior José Raimundo da , Cardoso Fernando da Silva , Carvalho Mário de Faria
Published: December 2023

O presente estudo problematiza as relações de gênero no Ensino Superior a partir das dicotomias entre feminilidades e masculinidades. De abordagem qualitativa, a produção das narrativas ocorreu por meio de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas em três cursos de graduação da Universidade de Pernambuco, Campus Petrolina: Licenciatura Plena em Pedagogia, Licenciatura Plena em Matemática e Bacharelado em Enfermagem. Em linhas gerais, a produção de dados da pesquisa aponta para as dissonâncias e os processos de exclusão que atravessam o cotidiano institucional, o fazer docente e os currículos dos cursos estudados, no que concerne à manutenção de práticas marcadas pelo sexismo, binarismos e padrões heteronormativas na universidade. A Educação Superior, conforme as narrativas analisadas, reproduz iniquidades de gênero que têm nos modelos de feminilidade e masculinidade hegemônicos o fundamento para a manutenção de discursos e mecanismos de poder que repercutem, sobretudo, nas experiências e processos formativos de mulheres e pessoas LGBTQIAP+.
Highly Efficient Bimetallic Catalyst for the Synthesis of N-substituted
Decahydroacridine-1,8-diones and Xanthene-1,8-diones: Evaluation of their
Biological Activity
Authors: Atkore Sandeep T. , Raithak Pranita V. , Vijay Kotra , Ansari Siddique A. , Ansari Irfan A. , Varala Ravi
Published: December 2023

Background:

Bimetallic catalysis plays a major role in boosting the catalytic performance of monometallic counterparts due to the synergetic effect.

Method and Materials:

In the present study, we have exploited ZrCl4:Mg(ClO4)2 as an efficient
bimetallic catalyst for the synthesis of a few biologically relevant N-substituted decahydroacridine-1,8-diones and xanthene-1,8-diones under solvent-free conditions. The complete characterization data (XRD, SEM, BET, pH, TGA, and IR) of the bimetallic catalyst, ZrCl4:
Mg(ClO4)2, are provided in the supporting information.

Results:

Among the compounds screened for anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities, the acridine derivatives with chloro and fluoro substitutions (compounds 4b, 4c, 4d, and 4j) have exhibited potent activities when compared to other compounds. Among the xanthene derivatives
screened for anti-oxidant activity, compounds 5c, 5i, and 5j with chloro and nitro derivatives
exhibited potent antioxidant activity, and the rest all showed moderately potent activity.

Conclusion:

Among the compounds screened for antibacterial activity, compound 5j with
chloro substitution showed potent activity, followed by compounds 5c, 5d, 5h, and 5i against
Gram +ve bacteria, and compounds 5h, 5f, and 5g with N,N-dimethyl, methoxy and hydroxy
substitutions have shown potent activity against Gram -ve bacteria.
Comparison of the Effects of Govarcin Herbal Capsule and
Metoclopramide for Alleviating Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients
with Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Asghari Majid , Ahmadpour Sajjad , Molazadeh Mikaeil , Jafari Mohammad Mehdi , Hormati Ahmad , Pashaei Mohammad Reza , Mohammadpour Yousef , Habibi Mohammad Amin , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl , Hoseini Seyed Mahmoud Eshagh
Published: December 2023

Background:

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is felt as a discomfort or pain on the center line or upper abdomen. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of Govarcin herbal capsule and Metoclopramide for alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with FD.

Methods:

Totally, 106 patients enrolled in a double-blind, clinical trial study. The participants had FD and were divided into two groups receiving Govarcin and Metoclopramide by block randomization. The patients were treated for four weeks, taking one Govarcin capsule or Metoclopramide tablet after each meal. The rate of improvement in patients was assessed by mitigation of clinical symptoms, including epigastric pain, fullness, discomfort, nausea, vomiting and heartburn. Also, before and after intervention, we used Nepin questionnaire and ROME III. SPSS statistics 25 software was used for data analyzing.

Results:

Clinical symptom score changes between Govarcin and Metoclopramide patients’ groups showed that there was no significant difference in any of the clinical symptom scores (except for heartburn, p-value=0.012) between the study groups. Nepean score in Govarcin group before and after treatment were 19.3±4.8 and 8.9±2.8, respectively (p-value<0.001). For Metoclopramide group, these values were 19.8±3.5 and 9.4±2.1 respectively (p-value<0.001). No significant difference was found in terms of Nepean score between the Govarcin and Metoclopramide groups (p-value=0.995).

Conclusion:

Govarcin herbal capsule can be used to remedy symptoms in patients with FD. It seems that Govarcin is as effective as Metoclopramide in fighting symptoms of FD as no significant difference in efficacy has been demonstrated between them.
Integrating Single-cell and Bulk RNA Sequencing Reveals Stemness
Phenotype Associated with Clinical Outcomes and Potential Immune
Evasion Mechanisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Xiaojing , Zhang Jiaxing , Zhang Zixin , Yuan Hongyan , Xie Aimin , Zhang Nan , Wang Minwei , Jiang Minghui , Xiao Yanqi , Wang Hao , Wang Xing , Xu Yan
Published: December 2023

Aims:

Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data were analyzed to explore the association
of stemness phenotype with dysfunctional anti-tumor immunity and its impact on clinical outcomes
of primary and relapse HCC.

Background:

The stemness phenotype is gradually acquired during cancer progression; however, it
remains unclear the effect of stemness phenotype on recurrence and clinical outcomes in hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC).

Methods:

The stemness index (mRNAsi) calculated by a one-class logistic regression algorithm in
multiple HCC cohorts was defined as the stemness phenotype of the patient. Using single-cell profiling
in primary or early-relapse HCC, cell stemness phenotypes were evaluated by developmental potential.
Differential analysis of stemness phenotype, gene expression and interactions between primary
and recurrent samples revealed the underlying immune evasion mechanisms.

Results:

A strong correlation was discovered between mRNAsi and clinical outcomes in patient with
HCC. The high and low mRNAsi groups had distinct tumor immune microenvironments. Cellular
stemness phenotype varied by cell type. Moreover, compared with primary tumors, early-relapse tumors
had increased stemness of dendritic cells and tumor cells and reduced stemness of T cells and B
cells. Moreover, in relapse tumors, CD8+ T cells displayed a low stemness state, with a high exhausted
state, unlike the high stemness state observed in primary HCC.

Conclusions:

The comprehensive characterization of the HCC stemness phenotype provides insights
into the clinical outcomes and immune escape mechanisms associated with recurrence.
Evaluation of Soft Tissue Changes Following Platelet-rich Fibrin in Immediate Implantation of Posterior Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Moeintaghavi Amir , Ghanbari Habibollah , Arab Hamidreza , Shiezadeh Farid , Jamali Mounes
Published: December 2023

Background:

Currently, immediate implant placement is favored due to its reduced number of surgical appointments and shorter overall treatment duration. However, a notable disadvantage of this protocol is the inadequate dimension of soft tissue surrounding the implant, which presents a challenge for immediate implantation in posterior teeth. As a result, patients frequently necessitate soft tissue augmentation to alleviate potential complications. In this randomized clinical trial study, a minimally invasive technique utilizing platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was employed to enhance soft tissue thickness and keratinized tissue width during immediate implantation in the posterior region of the jaw.

Methods and Materials:

A total of 20 bone-level implants were utilized in 20 patients through the immediate implantation protocol. In order to augment soft tissue, 10 patients were subjected to treatment with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on immediate implants in the test group, while 10 patients received connective tissue graft (CTG) on immediate implants in the control group. After a period of 3 months, all implants were uncovered through surgery, and healing abutments were placed on fixtures. Keratinized tissue width was measured using a periodontal probe at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after implant placement, while soft tissue thickness was measured at baseline and 3 months after implant placement.

Results:

Treatment was successful for all the patients. The average keratinized tissue width in the test and control group was 3.45 and 2.65 at baseline, 4.00 and 3.40 one month after surgery, and 4.20 and 3.85 three months after implant placement, respectively. Average keratinized tissue thickness in the test and control group was 2.45 and 2.05 at baseline and 3.20 and 3.25 at reentry (three months after implant placement), respectively. The average increase in keratinized tissue thickness from baseline to 3rd month was 0.75 in the test and 1.20 in the control group. The average increase in keratinized tissue width from baseline to 1st month was 0.55 in the test and 0.75 in the control group, and from baseline to 3rd month, it was 0.75 in the test and 1.20 in the control group, respectively. Data for both parameters in each group from baseline to 3rd month were statistically significant. Data for keratinized tissue thickness (p=0.077) and keratinized tissue width (p=0.089) between both the groups were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has the potential to serve as a minimally invasive approach for augmenting soft tissue in the posterior region of the jaw during immediate implant placement.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:

The clinical trial registration number for this study is IRCT20190723044313N1.
A Comprehensive Study of Allium Sativum Linn
Authors: Sah Roshan , Singh Manish Pal , Gohil Kashmira J.
Published: December 2023

Allium sativum, commonly known as garlic, has been employed for ages for both cui-sines and restorative purposes. Many sulfur-containing phytochemical constituents are abundant in garlic and they are responsible for its many pharmacological properties. The most extensively studied compound in garlic is allicin, however, other forms of garlic such as aged garlic, raw garlic, and oil maceration of garlic, have their own unique chemical properties. Garlic has been shown to lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol levels, improve insulin sensitivity, inhibit cell prolifera-tion, enhance peristalsis motion, modulate acetylcholine, and inhibit lipid oxidation. Apart from all its traditional therapeutic activity, it has much more potential for further study such as cancer treatment with lesser side-effects, improving mitochondrial dysfunction in Huntington’s disease, enhancement psoriasis treatment, affinity to treat glomerular disease, and vast scope in polycystic ovary syndrome and in uterine contraction. This review talks about pharmacology activities, future aspects, phytochemicals, and the privileged aspects of Allium sativum.
Editorial and Acknowledgements
Authors: Romein Christel Annemieke , Volkaert Florenz , Wagner Andreas , Fiocchi Malaspina Elisabetta , Bellis-Phan Nga , van Dijck Gijs , Barretto de Almeida Costa Arthur , Robertson Stephen , Heirbaut Dirk
Published: December 2023

Editorial and Acknowledgements, Issue 1
Changes in the cellular composition of blood in unirradiated and irradiated mice kept in contact at the inter-organismic level
Authors:   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Kogarko I.N. , Petushkova V.V. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Kogarko B.S. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Neyfakh Е.А. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Ktitorova O.V. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Ganeev I.I. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Kuzmina N.S. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS,   Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of RAS, Selivanova E.I. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC)
Published: December 2023

In the study conducted on outbred female mice, the radiation-induced “bystander effect” and the “rescue effect“ were found to be formed at an inter-organismic level. Unirradiated and gamma-irradiated (3 Gy) outbred white female mice were placed in one cage. The effect of co-residing was registered with the use of hemopoietic cells of peripheral blood by comparing to the population of hemopoietic cells in irradiated and unirradiated mice placed in different cages. The “bystander effect“ was observed in the monocytes subpopulation on the 3rd, 7th and 60th days. The effect was also observed in the neutrophils subpopulation on the 7th and 90th days. The “rescue effect” was observed in irradiated cells. The 5.8-fold (increase in eosinophils was registered on the 30th day (t=2.85; p=0.01), the 1.6-fold increase in eosinophils was observed on the 60th day, the 3-fold increase in eosinophils was registered on the 90th day (t=2.28; p=0.04). The effect of neutrophils subpopulation is slightly expressed, it can be considered as a tendency to increase the number of neutrophils on the 14th and 30th days. When the “rescue effect“ on irradiated mice was estimated with the use of monocytes the 5.7-fold increase was registered on the 30th day (t=2.94; p=0.01), the 7.3-fold increase was registered on the 90th day (t=2.41; p=0.03). According to the data obtained the “bystander effect” and the “rescue effect” are observed in all studied hemopoietic cells subpopulations, however they respond differently. The findings demonstrate the manifestation of the “bystander effect” and the “rescue effect” at the inter-organismic level. However, their intensity and trend depend to a large extent on the time period after irradiation, the contact type (tactile or olfactory) and a cellular subpopulation.
Обоснование экономико-радиологического преимущества ЗЯТЦ на базе РБН с учётом действующих стандартов МАГАТЭ по радиационной безопасности и практической реализации доказанного эффекта выравнивания канцерогенности РАО и природного уранового сырья
Authors:   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Ivanov V.K. ,   Joint Stock Company PRORYV, Lopatkin A.V. ,   Joint Stock Company PRORYV, Tolstoukhov D.A. ,   Joint Stock Company PRORYV, Panov S.A. ,   Joint Stock Company PRORYV, Chekin S.Yu. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Menyajlo A.N. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Solomatin V.M. ,   Joint Stock Company PRORYV, Spirin E.V. ,   Joint Stock Company PRORYV, Kashirsky A.A. ,   Joint Stock Company PRORYV
Published: December 2023

Economic and radiological advantages of the closed nuclear fuel cycle with fast neutron reactors in view of radiological equivalence, i.e. the equalization of carcinogenicity of radioactive waste and the natural uranium ore materials are considered in the paper. Potential cancer risks of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from the WWER-1000 reactor and radioactive waste from the BR-1200 reactor generating 1 GW of electric power per year have been estimated. It is assumed that the SNF from WWER-1000 reactor will be sent to 10 or 30-year storage. In the closed nuclear fuel cycle radioactive wastes, the products of SNF reprocessing, consisting of 0.1% of Sr, Cs, Tc, I, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm of their content in SNF and all other radionuclides are disposed. Over a period of 10,000 years, the total radiation detriment from SNF from the WWER-1000 reactor is more than 132 times higher than the radiation detriment from radioactive waste from the BR-1200 reactor. The time of radiological equivalence achievement was evaluated. It is assumed that if WWER-1000 and BR-1000 generate 1 GW of electricity per year, radiological equivalence of carcinogenicity of radioactive waste (BR-1200 reactor) and natural uranium ore material will be achieved in 100 years of radioactive waste storage. The equivalence of carcinogenicity of SNF storage and natural uranium ore materials will be achieved after 15,600 years storage. When disposing of spent fuel from a WWER-1000 reactor without achieving radiological equivalence, socio-economic losses due to excess mortality from cancer are estimated at 129 billion rubles/GW year.
Estimation of ambient dose equivalent rate in forest sites in the south-west of the Bryansk region
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Civil Defence and Emergencies of the EMERCOM of Russia (Federal Science and High Technology Center), Marchenko T.A. , Radin A.I. ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry, Razdaivodin A.N. ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry
Published: December 2023

The large areas of forests in the Bryansk region are still contaminated with radionuclides released due to the accident at the Chernobyl NPP in April, 1986. The recovery of the economic and ecosystems potentials in the contaminated areas is the need to create a favorable living conditions for the population. This involves a full range of remediation activities in the contaminated areas aimed at the forests protection and regeneration. The aim of the work is to assess the ambient dose equivalent rate (ADER) in forest sites located in the zone of radioactive contamination. More than 1 thousand forest sites in the south-western part of the Bryansk region were surveyed from 2019 to 2022. The ADER and the density of the soil contaminated by Cs-137 for every surveyed forest site are available. The relationship between the ADER and the density of the soil radioactive contamination in various sites was analyzed. The dose rates were normalized with respect to the density of soil contamination. The ADER rates in the Bryansk forest areas ranged from 0.07 to 3.15 mSv/h. No reliable difference between the ADER in the areas of coniferous and deciduous forests was observed. There was reliable linear relationship between ADER and the density of soil contaminated by Cs-137. During forestry operations in radioactive contaminated areas the maximum permissible external radiation effective dose was the dose accumulated for the whole period of work in the forest sites with the average density of soil contaminated by Cs-137 of 450 kBq/m2.
Radiological disclosure of concomitant inflammatory pulmonary changes in lung cancer patients. Brief report
Authors:   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Kursova L.V. , Aghababyan T.A. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Usacheva A.Y. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Makarova K.S. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Ivanenko K.V. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Ivanov S.A. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC),   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Kaprin A.D. ,   National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (NMRRC),   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia,   P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2023

The paper presents information on results of spiral computed tomography of patients with lung cancer. The radiological examination was carried out at the out-patient Department of A. Tsyb MRRC in Obninsk. In addition to lung tumor, changes in pulmonary tissue of various origin were also observed. Diagnostic examinations of patients with lung cancer of II and III stages were performed in the polyclinic of A. Tsyb MRRC in accordance with the regulated clinical terms. The results obtained give grounds for correction of lung pathology, which is necessary for the subsequent chemoradiation therapy of the tumor in the required volume. From the analysis of the accumulated examination protocols it can be concluded that the timely detection and treatment of inflammatory changes in the pulmonary tissue is effective and necessary in the treatment of lung cancer and improves the quality of patients life.
AI-Powered Solutions to Support Informal Caregivers in Their Decision-Making: A Systematic Review of the Literature <a class="tippyShow" data-tippy-arrow="true" data-tippy-content="This article is an extended version of the conference paper: Milella F, Russo DD, Bandini S, How artificial intelligence can support informal caregivers in their caring duties to elderly? a systematic review of the literature. In: AIXAS2023 Italian Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for an Ageing Society, co-located with the 22nd International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence (AIxIA 2023), November 6-9, 2023, Rome, Italy (forthcoming)." data-tippy-interactive="true" data-tippy-theme="light-border" style="cursor:pointer">1
Authors: Milella Frida , Russo Davide Donato , Bandini Stefania
Published: December 2023

Due to aging demographics, prolonged life expectancy, and chronic diseases, European societies' increasing need for care services has led to a shift towards informal care supplied by family members, friends, or neighbors. However, the progressive decrease in the caregiver-to-patient ratio will result in a significant augmentation in incorporating intelligent aid within general care. This study aimed to build upon the authors' previous systematic literature review on technologies for informal caregivers. Specifically, it focused on analyzing AI-based solutions to understand the advantages and challenges of using AI in decision-making support for informal caregivers in elderly care. Three databases (Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Libraries) were searched. The search yielded 1002 articles, with 24 that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Within the scope of this study, we will exclusively concentrate on a subset of 11 papers on AI technologies. The study reveals that AI-based solutions have great potential for real-time analysis advancement, explainable AI enhancement, and meta-information semantic refinement. While digital assistants can personalize information for caregivers, security and privacy are key concerns. The rise of more integrated and complicated solutions reveals that these technologies suit aging monitoring and informal care coordination in emergencies or deviations from usual activities. Informal caregiver decision assistance can be improved in this scenario.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of School Closure in COVID-19–Related Syndromes From Community-Based Syndromic Surveillance: Longitudinal Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chung Ping-Chen , Chen Kevin J , Chang Hui-Mei , Chan Ta-Chien
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a school closure policy was adopted to prevent cluster transmission in schools and subsequent household transmission. However, the effectiveness of school closure is not consistent in studies conducted in different countries.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the association between school closure and the daily standardized incidence of COVID-19–related syndromes in an outpatient syndromic surveillance system.

METHODS

We calculated the incidence of COVID-19–related syndromes derived from a community-based syndromic surveillance system between the first week of January and the second or fourth weeks after school closure in 2021 and 2022 in Taipei City, Taiwan. The effect of school closure on the standardized incidence of COVID-19–related syndromes was evaluated by interrupted time series analysis using an autoregressive integrated moving average with a distributed lag function. The exogenous variables were changes in human mobility measured by Google COVID-19 community mobility reports. Furthermore, the models quantified the influence of different age groups and the hierarchy of medical facilities, such as clinics or community hospitals.

RESULTS

School closure was only negatively and significantly associated with the overall standardized incidence of COVID-19–related syndromes in 2021 for 2 weeks after the intervention (coefficient −1.24, 95% CI −2.40 to −0.08). However, in different age groups, school closure had a significantly negative association with the standardized incidence among people aged 13-18 years and ≥65 years for 2 weeks after the intervention in clinics in 2021. In community hospitals, school closure was significantly positively associated with the standardized incidence among people aged 19-24 years in 2021. In 2022, 2 weeks after the intervention, school closure had a significantly negative association with the standardized incidence among people aged 0-6, 7-12, and 19-24 years in community hospitals and aged >45 years in clinics. Furthermore, the standardized incidence was positively associated with movement change toward grocery and pharmacy stores in all age groups in 2022. In addition, movement changes toward residences were significantly positively associated with the standardized incidence among all age groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, school closure effectively suppresses COVID-19–related syndromes in students owing to the reduction of physical contact. In addition, school closure has a spillover effect on elderly people who stay at home.