bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flowering time and seed dormancy control use external coincidence to generate life history strategy
Authors: Springthorpe Vicki , Penfield Steven
Published: March 2015

Climate change is accelerating plant developmental transitions coordinated with the seasons in temperate environments. To understand the importance of these timing advances for a stable life history strategy, we constructed a full life cycle model of Arabidopsis thaliana. Modelling and field data reveal that a cryptic function of flowering time control is to limit seed set of winter annuals to an ambient temperature window which coincides with a temperature-sensitive switch in seed dormancy state. This coincidence is predicted to be conserved independent of climate at the expense of flowering date, suggesting that temperature control of flowering time has evolved to constrain seed set environment and therefore frequency of dormant and non-dormant seed states. We show that late flowering can disrupt this bet-hedging germination strategy. Our analysis shows that life history modelling can reveal hidden fitness constraints and identify non-obvious selection pressures as emergent features.
The Rab6-regulated KIF1C kinesin motor domain contributes to Golgi organization
Authors: Lee Peter L , Ohlson Maikke B , Pfeffer Suzanne R
Published: March 2015

Most kinesins transport cargoes bound to their C-termini and use N-terminal motor domains to move along microtubules. We report here a novel function for KIF1C: it transports Rab6A-vesicles and can influence Golgi complex organization. These activities correlate with KIF1C's capacity to bind the Golgi protein Rab6A directly, both via its motor domain and C-terminus. Rab6A binding to the motor domain inhibits microtubule interaction in vitro and in cells, decreasing the amount of motile KIF1C. KIF1C depletion slows protein delivery to the cell surface, interferes with vesicle motility, and triggers Golgi fragmentation. KIF1C can protect Golgi membranes from fragmentation in cells lacking an intact microtubule network. Rescue of fragmentation requires sequences that enable KIF1C to bind Rab6A at both ends, but not KIF1C motor function. Rab6A binding to KIF1C's motor domain represents an entirely new mode of regulation for a kinesin motor, and likely has important consequences for KIF1C's cellular functions.
The chromatin remodelers RSC and ISW1 display functional and chromatin-based promoter antagonism
Authors: Parnell Timothy J , Schlichter Alisha , Wilson Boris G , Cairns Bradley R
Published: March 2015

ISWI family chromatin remodelers typically organize nucleosome arrays, while SWI/SNF family remodelers (RSC) typically disorganize and eject nucleosomes, implying an antagonism that is largely unexplored in vivo. Here, we describe two independent genetic screens for rsc suppressors that yielded mutations in the promoter-focused ISW1a complex or mutations in the ‘basic patch’ of histone H4 (an epitope that regulates ISWI activity), strongly supporting RSC-ISW1a antagonism in vivo. RSC and ISW1a largely co-localize, and genomic nucleosome studies using rsc isw1 mutant combinations revealed opposing functions: promoters classified with a nucleosome-deficient region (NDR) gain nucleosome occupancy in rsc mutants, but this gain is attenuated in rsc isw1 double mutants. Furthermore, promoters lacking NDRs have the highest occupancy of both remodelers, consistent with regulation by nucleosome occupancy, and decreased transcription in rsc mutants. Taken together, we provide the first genetic and genomic evidence for RSC-ISW1a antagonism and reveal different mechanisms at two different promoter architectures.
The Perceived Value of Silence and Spoken Words in Malaysian Interactions
Authors: Hei Kuang Ching , Ling Wong Ngan , David Maya Khemlani
Published: March 2015

This paper analysed the perceptions of Malaysians in engaging silence (say nothing) and in using spoken words (talk) as a tool of communication in their daily interactions. Types of topics and situations being discussed were explored in order to detect when silence or words were likely to be used by participants. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to students and staff of three public universities. Of the 656 samples collected, 50% were Chinese, 33% were Malays, 15% were Indians and 2% others. The demography consisted of 199 males and 456 females. SPSS version 18 was used to analyse data and results indicate that the use of silence was more significantly related to issues concerning money and personal affairs. In contrast, the use of spoken words was more significantly related to issues regarding infidelity. These findings are beneficial to researchers who are doing cross cultural studies and in particular, silence. Course designers can thus develop courses which can promote harmony by introducing certain strategies such as silence which, when used appropriately, can help to alleviate misunderstandings.
Value-Based Payment and Vanishing Small Independent Practices
Authors: Rooke-Ley Hayden , Song Zirui , Zhu Jane M.
Published: August 2024

This Viewpoint explores the shift from fee-for-service to value-based payment models and the resulting trend of physician employment moving away from independent practices toward corporate health institutions.
Olaparib Without Androgen Deprivation for High-Risk Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer Following Prostatectomy
Authors: Marshall Catherine H. , Teply Benjamin A. , Lu Jiayun , Oliveira Lia , Wang Hao , Mao Shifeng S. , Kelly W. Kevin , Paller Channing J. , Markowski Mark C. , Denmeade Samuel R. , King Serina , Sullivan Rana , Davicioni Elai , Proudfoot James A. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Carducci Michael A. , Lotan Tamara L. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
Published: August 2024

Importance

Olaparib is a poly(adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase inhibitor that provides benefit in combination with hormonal therapies in patients with metastatic prostate cancer who harbor homologous recombination repair (HRR) alterations. Its efficacy in the absence of androgen deprivation therapy has not been tested.

Objective

To determine the activity of olaparib monotherapy among patients with high-risk biochemically recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This phase 2, single-arm nonrandomized controlled trial enrolled genetically unselected patients across 4 sites in the US from May 2017 to November 2022. Eligible patients had BCR disease following radical prostatectomy, a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time of 6 months or shorter, an absolute PSA value of 1.0 ng/mL or higher, and a testosterone level of 150 ng/dL or higher.

Intervention

Treatment was with olaparib, 300 mg, by mouth twice daily until doubling of the baseline PSA, clinical or radiographic progression, or unacceptable toxic effects.

Main Outcome and Measure

The primary end point was a confirmed 50% or higher decline in PSA from baseline (PSA50). Key secondary end points were outcomes by HRR alteration status, as well as safety and tolerability.

Results

Of the 51 male patients enrolled (mean [SD] age, 63.8 [6.8] years), 13 participants (26%) had a PSA50 response, all within the HRR-positive group (13 of 27 participants [48%]). All 11 participants with BRCA2 alterations experienced a PSA50 response. Common adverse events were fatigue in 32 participants (63%), nausea in 28 (55%), and leukopenia in 22 (43%), and were consistent with known adverse effects of olaparib.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this nonrandomized controlled trial, olaparib monotherapy led to high and durable PSA50 response rates in patients with BRCA2 alterations. Olaparib warrants further study as a treatment strategy for some patients with BCR prostate cancer but does not have sufficient activity in those without HRR alterations and should not be considered for those patients.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03047135
In-Office vs Operating Room Time to Treatment of Oropharyngeal Biopsies
Authors: Politano Stephen F. , Georgiadi Emily , Bonifer Alec , Muller Richard G. , Ludlow David
Published: August 2024

This cohort study evaluates whether in-office biopsies significantly improve time to biopsy and time to treatment compared with operating room biopsies.
Oxygen Ion Pumping across Atomically Designed Oxide Heterointerfaces
Authors: Wu Yongshun , Zhang Yang , Zhang Jianbing , Lyu Yingjie , Li Cong , Wu Sijie , Wang Yupu , Wang Meng , Long Youwen , Nan Tianxiang , Yi Di , Zhu Junyi , He Qing , Zhou Shuyun , Yu Pu
Published: August 2024

Complex oxide heterointerfaces and heterostructures have demonstrated enormous emergent phenomena over the last decades, attributed to the reconstructions of mis‐matched crystalline structure, polarity, and spin ordering across the heterointerfaces. This work employs the heterostructures of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and CaFeO2.5 as model system to demonstrate an interface‐specific oxygen migration/reconstruction across the interfaces due to the mismatched chemical potential, which dramatically influences the ferromagnetic and electronic states of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layer. Specifically, the alternative stacking of octahedral (Oh) and tetrahedral (Td) layers in CaFeO2.5 are used to form two distinct heterointerfaces, namely the Oh‐Td and the Oh‐Oh interfaces with the adjacent La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layer. Interestingly, the oxygen ion migrates toward opposite directions across the interface for these two cases, in which the CaFeO2.5 layer acts as an “oxygen pump” and manipulates the oxygen contents of its adjacent La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layers. Such manipulation leads to a dramatically changed ferromagnetic transition temperature for the heterostructure with the Oh‐Td and Oh‐Oh interface. This work establishes a feasible and efficient strategy to control the oxygen ionic distribution through atomic‐scale interface design and opens up new opportunities to exploit emergent states at the complex oxide heterostructures through selective oxygen ion evolution.
Hierarchically Porous and Hetero‐Structured Black Phosphorus/Ti3C2TX MXene Aerogel Fiber for Wearable Supercapacitors with Implantable Capability
Authors: Tang Qingqing , Zhang Yang , Zhu Xiaolin , Wang Yuting , Man Zengming , Yang Chao , Xu Jianhong , Wu Guan , Lu Wangyang
Published: August 2024

Architected fibrous electrodes with hierarchically porous, stable interface coupling, and good biocompatibility that accelerates charge transfer and storage are vital to realize high‐performance fiber‐shaped supercapacitors (FSCs) toward wearable and implantable systems. Here, a hierarchically porous and hetero‐structured black phosphorus/Ti3C2TX MXene aerogel (A‐BP/Ti3C2TX) fiber based on electrostatic self‐assembly and microfluidic spinning methods is reported. The as‐prepared A‐BP/Ti3C2TX fiber with interconnected porous networks, high conductive skeleton, and substantial interfacial building exhibits a low diffusion energy barrier of H+, the large adsorption energy of H+, fast interfacial electron conduction, and excellent structural stability by density functional theory calculations and in situ/ex situ characteristics. As a result, the A‐BP/Ti3C2TX fiber presents boosted electrolyte ion diffusion kinetic and capacitance of 369 F g−1. Furthermore, the asymmetric FSCs deliver good energy density of 6.39 Wh kg−1 and long cycling stability of 20 000 cycles, thereby successfully powering wearable devices. More importantly, by combining the hydrogel adhesion agent, the implantable FSCs that can firmly adhere to the tissues show significant bending stability (88.52% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles), impressively adhesive capability in tissue fluid or wetted tissue surface, and considerably no cell toxic. The work offers a broad path for designing structural fiber electrodes for implantable energy technology and wearable applications.
Heterostructured Metallic Structural Materials: Research Methods, Properties, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Dong Xinxin , Gao Bo , Xiao Lirong , Hu Jiajun , Xu Mengning , Li Zongyao , Meng Jiaqi , Han Xiaodong , Zhou Hao , Zhu Yuntian
Published: August 2024

Heterostructured (HS) materials, characterized by heterogeneous zones with differences in mechanical or physical properties, represent a revolutionary advancement in material science. During deformation, hetero‐deformation‐induced (HDI) stress forms due to the synergistic interactions between soft and hard zones, leading to remarkable HDI strengthening and strain hardening. This mechanism significantly enhances their performance, surpassing that of traditional homogeneous materials. This review delves into the classification, preparation techniques, fundamental deformation mechanisms, and research methods of HS materials. It outlines the preparation methods of various HS materials, emphasizing their unique characteristics and applications. The review elaborates on the fundamental deformation mechanisms of HS materials, focusing on non‐uniform plastic deformation behavior and HDI strain hardening. Furthermore, it explores the application of heterogeneous design concepts in materials, analyzing their microstructure tuning mechanisms and mechanical properties. This review aims to serve as a critical reference for the future design and development of new HS metallic structural materials, paving the way for innovations that can transform multiple industries. By highlighting the long‐term impact, this review not only enhances the understanding of HS materials but also provides a roadmap for future research and industrial applications, positioning HS materials as key players in the advancement of material technology.
Design of Metal Aerogels‐Based 3D SERS Substrates by Gentle Compression
Authors: Zhou Lin , Liu Yu , Li Yanli , Long Chunlei , Zhou Shujin , Hübner René , Li Yueqi , Xue Geng , Lin Dejun , Xu Weigao , Hu Yue , Du Ran
Published: August 2024

Metal aerogels (MAs) are emerging all‐nanometal‐structured self‐standing porous materials featuring exceptional performances in diverse fields. They have recently been adopted as 3D surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates, while the less utilization of the unique porous structure leads to limited performance. Here, a fascinating compression‐mediated regulation strategy is presented to largely boost the SERS performance of Au–Ag aerogels. By gently pressing, both the density of hot spots and the inter‐ligament distance can be efficiently modulated, thus enabling to flexibly manipulate the SERS properties of MAs. On this basis, a record‐high misfocus tolerance (∼8.8 mm), low detection limit (down to 0.1 nM), high stability (>1 month), reusability, and multiplex detection ability are concurrently realized. This study may point out a new direction for engineering 3D SERS substrates with tunable and exceptional performance.
Stimuli‐Responsive NO Delivery Platforms for Bacterial Infection Treatment
Authors: Hu Yanling , Ding Meng , Lv Xinyi , Jiang Jingai , Zhang Junjie , Yang Dongliang
Published: August 2024

The prevalence of drug‐resistant bacterial infections has emerged as a grave threat to clinical treatment and global human health, presenting one of the foremost challenges in medical care. Thus, there is an urgent imperative to develop safe and efficacious novel antimicrobial strategies. Nitric oxide (NO) is a recognized endogenous signaling molecule, which plays a pivotal role in numerous pathological processes. Currently, NO has garnered significant interest as an antibacterial agent due to its capability to eradicate bacteria, disrupt biofilms, and facilitate wound healing, all while circumventing the emergence of drug resistance. However, the inherently unstable characteristic of NO therapeutic gas renders the controlled administration of NO gases exceedingly challenging. Hence, in this review, the current challenge of bacterial infection is discussed; then it is briefly elucidated the antibacterial mechanism of NO and comprehensively delineate the recent advancements in stimulus‐responsive NO delivery platforms, along with their merits, obstacles, and prospective avenues for clinical application. This review offers guidance for future advancements in NO‐medicated anti‐infection therapy is hoped.
Trap‐Controlled, Recoverable, and Persistent Mechanoluminescence for Collision Early‐Warning and Mechanics Displaying Applications
Authors: Ma Zhidong , Fang Shaofan , Zhou Bo , Yan Chunmei , Wang Zhaofeng
Published: August 2024

The structural nondestructive, recoverable, and persistent mechanoluminescence (ML) is particularly required for mechanics‐driven displaying, imaging, and visualization applications. Inspired by the luminescent physics of the long afterglow materials, this work reports the ML of SrMg2(PO4)2:Eu2+ by incorporating the powders into a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The results suggest that the ML from the SrMg2(PO4)2:Eu2+/PDMS is recoverable with a linear responsiveness to the applied stress/strain. Moreover, the SrMg2(PO4)2:Eu2+/PDMS exhibits ML afterglow (persistent ML), which could continuously emit luminescence after removing the mechanics stimulus source. The discussions from the matrix effects, the trap structure evolutions, and the piezoelectricity properties suggest that the piezoelectric field‐assisted trap‐controlled processes shall be responsible for the ML and the persistent ML, which can be further improved by co‐doping Ho3+. Based on the recoverable and persistent ML, two types of attractive applications in terms of the intelligent collision early‐warning system and the flexible displaying paper are developed, respectively. This work not only achieves the recoverable and persistent ML for representative applications, but also provides deep insight into the physical process, which should be valuable to guide future research.
Various Applications of Gadolinium Molybdate Down‐Conversion and Up‐Conversion Fluorescent Nanoparticles
Authors: Jung Jae Yong , Park Jin Young , Yang Hyun Kyoung
Published: August 2024

Crystalline α‐Gd2(MoO4)3 is synthesized by sintering at 800 °C using a coprecipitation method to prepare the precursor. The resulting α‐Gd2(MoO4)3 displayed a monocrystalline structure with a strong main peak (‐221) in the X‐ray diffraction signal. To develop a light‐emitting material, rare earth ions are added during synthesis. By doping with Tb3+ and Eu3+, the Gd2(MoO4)3 down‐conversion phosphor shows potential for use in UV–LED chips, counterfeit money prevention, and fingerprint identification. Additionally, co‐doping with [Er3+]/[Yb3+] and [Ho3+]/[Yb3+] ions produce green and red emissions when applied to a 980 nm LED chip, useful for anti‐counterfeit ink. The magnetic properties of gadolinium are leveraged to confirm magnetic resonance imaging luminescence. A flexible composite for heat detection and explored various applications for its use is also developed.
Optically Isotropic Polymer Stabilized Liquid Crystals with Fast and Large Field‐Induced Refractive Index Variation
Authors: Talwar Manisha , Perera Kelum , Mostafa Md , Gill Minakshi , Nepal Pawan , Guragain Parikshit , Landau Igor , Kula Przemysław , Twieg Robert , West John L. , Jákli Antal
Published: August 2024

Optically isotropic polymer stabilized liquid crystals with low haze (≈1% at 550 nm), large (≈0.09) field induced refractive index variation, and fast (<0.1 ms) relaxation time are reported. The impressive improvement compared to previous studies using conventional nematic liquid crystals are due to both the addition of novel highly polar ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals that decrease the required field to achieve the theoretically predicted refractive index variation and of the 6 wt.% of chiral dopant with high helical twisting power that suppressed the haze and made the system reversible with fast relaxation. It is also shown that the field induced refractive index variation can be increased over to 0.1 by using high intensity UV light for polymer stabilization. Although such polymer structure is not completely isotropic, it still provides polarization independent optical properties for normal incidence. Since fast and large switching of focal length is essential in AR/VR glasses, these systems offer significant potential for applications in highly tunable microlens arrays.
C6N7(NH2)3·H3PO4: Strong Second Harmonic Generation and Giant Birefringence Benefiting from Amino Substitution Strategy
Authors: Wei Ruqing , Huang Hongbo , Yang Daqing , Wang Ying , Zhang Bingbing
Published: August 2024

With the advancement of laser technology, searching for new nonlinear optics (NLO) active units is necessary for designing NLO materials with excellent performance. In this study, an amino substitution strategy is proposed to explore new planar π‐conjugated groups as functional building units (FBUs) for NLO and birefringent materials. Accordingly, a new NLO‐active molecule melem C6N7(NH2)3 is identified, which is characterized by significant polarization anisotropies and large hyperpolarizabilities. Subsequently, C6N7(NH2)3·H3PO4 is screened out and successfully synthesized through a simple aqueous method. The compound exhibits a strong second harmonic generation (SHG) response of 8.9 times that of KDP and a large birefringence of 0.609 at 1064 nm. As far as is known, the calculated birefringence of C6N7(NH2)3·H3PO4 is the largest among the organic–inorganic hybrid crystals in which the birefringence originates from π‐conjugated groups. The theoretical computation supports that the amino (─NH2) substitution strategy is effective for designing and synthesis of materials with strong SHG response and large birefringence.
Self‐Powered, Soft and Breathable Human–Machine Interface Based on Piezoelectric Sensors
Authors: Jiang Zhipeng , Zhang Chi , Kwon Sun Hwa , Dong Lin
Published: August 2024

Wearable electronics revolutionize human–machine interfaces (HMIs) for robotic or prosthetic control. Yet, the challenge lies in eliminating conventional rigid and impermeable electronic components, such as batteries, while considering the comfort and usability of HMIs over prolonged periods. Herein, a self‐powered, flexible, and breathable HMI is developed based on piezoelectric sensors. This interface is designed to accurately monitor subtle changes in body and muscle movements, facilitating effective communication and control of robotic prosthetic hands for various applications. Utilizing engineered porous structures within the polymeric material, the piezoelectric sensor demonstrates a significantly enhanced sensitivity, flexibility, and permeability, highlighting its outstanding HMI applications. Furthermore, the developed control algorithm enables a single sensor to comprehensively control robotic hands. By successfully translating piezoelectric signals generated from bicep muscle movements into Morse Code, this HMI serves as an efficient communication device. Additionally, the process is demonstrated by illustrating the execution of the daily task of “drinking a cup of water” using the developed HMI to enable the control of a human‐interactive robotic prosthetic hand through the detection of bicep muscle movements. Such HMIs pave the way toward self‐powered and comfortable biomimetic systems, making a significant contribution to the future evolution of prosthetics.
State of Charge Estimation of Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Adaptive Square Root Central Difference Kalman Filter
Authors: Du Hongbo , Yuan Yuan , Zheng Wei , Zhu Lijun
Published: August 2024

Lithium‐ion batteries have been a major energy source in electric vehicles because of their strong adaptability in operating conditions. Accurate estimation of state of charge (SOC) for lithium‐ion batteries can efficiently improve the efficiency of battery energy utilization. However, SOC estimation is complicated in operating conditions with unknown model parameters. This study proposes an adaptive square root central difference Kalman filter (ASRCDKF) algorithm based on the equivalent circuit model to achieve high‐precision estimation of SOC. First of all, to avoid an open‐circuit voltage test, a linear Kalman filter is constructed to realize real‐time estimation of unknown parameters in the measurement equation. Then, to improve the stability of the algorithm, a square root method is used to ensure a positive semi‐definite of the error covariance matrix that is based on the adaptive central difference Kalman filter algorithm. Model parameters are considered as the state to be estimated, and the joint estimation of the model parameters and SOC is realized by an ASRCDKF algorithm. After that, the linear Kalman filter is coupled with the ASRCDKF to realize the accurate estimation of SOC in the case of both the state equation and the measurement equation including unknown parameters. Last, the ASRCDKF algorithm is compared with the adaptive central difference Kalman filter algorithm and the adaptive cubature Kalman filter algorithm under two sets of operating conditions. The results show that the SOC estimation of the ASRCDKF algorithm is more significantly accurate than other algorithms under different operating conditions.
Advanced Design of Organic Ionic Materials for the Boost of Electricity Generation, Storage, and Utilization
Authors: Lu Jian , Fu Hong , Tian Xiaocong , Chen Yuejiao , Xu Bingang
Published: August 2024

It is a great desire of advanced designed materials for electricity generation, storage, and utilization with boosted activity, multifunctionality, compatibility, stability, and durability. Organic ionic materials (OIMs) with superior conductivity, modifiability, and thermal/cold tolerance have great potential in meeting the demand. Ionic liquids, ionic polymers, polyelectrolytes, and new‐emerging composite materials like ionic gels, ionic woods, and metallated covalent organic frameworks have been boomingly developed in recent years, with elaborated design of which, enhanced performance of burgeoning energy materials such as higher electrical output, larger energy capacity, wider tolerance of temperature and/or humidity, and longer durability have been promoted. Despite a few reviews that have generalized the applications of single‐type OIMs in a certain field, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews focusing on advanced design of OIMs for boosting electricity generation, storage, and utilization. Herein, the new development of OIMs is timely and systematically reviewed focusing on electricity generation (generators), storage (batteries and supercapacitors), and utilization (sensors and actuators). Synthesis and modification strategies are summarized for material design, after which, fundamentals and mechanisms are illustrated as theoretical support. Then, advanced designs of OIMs are elaborated by taking electricity generation, storage, and utilization processes into consideration, followed by putting forward perspectives.
Electrochemical macrokinetics analysis of nitrite electrocatalytic reduction to ammonia
Authors: Lv Yang , Teng Wenkai , Li Yang , Ou Honghui , Xie Tao , Yan Xiaoqing , Yang Guidong
Published: August 2024

Electrocatalytic nitrite reduction (e‐NO2−RR) offers an attractive strategy for industrial green ammonia synthesis. The understanding of electrochemical kinetics is the core to guarantee the efficient operation of e‐NO2−RR system. However, the application of the widely used Butler–Volmer equation should be restricted to the constraint of non‐mass transfer effects. In this work, an electrochemical macrokinetics equation for mass transfer restriction region was developed based on the traditional macrokinetics thought, which combined the Practical Butler–Volmer equation and Nernst‐Plank equation. The model validation was carried out by the combination of multiphysics‐field simulation, computational fluid dynamics simulation and experiments, and the results show that the average relative error between experiments and simulations is less than 2%. The results in this article contribute to an in‐depth understanding of the kinetics behavior for e‐NO2−RR and achieve the extension of electrochemical kinetics equation from non‐mass transfer restriction region to mass transfer restriction region.
Novel heterozygous OPA3 variant in a family with congenital cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss and neuropathy, without optic atrophy and comparison of pathogenic and population variants
Authors: Penon‐Portmann Monica , Naugle Kendyl , Brodie Frank , Schallhorn Julie , Griggs Paul , So Joyce
Published: August 2024

Heterozygous mutations in the OPA3 gene are associated with autosomal dominant optic atrophy‐3 (OPA3), whereas biallelic mutations cause autosomal recessive 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria type III. To date, all cases with pathogenic variants in the gene OPA3 have presented with optic atrophy. We report a large family with congenital cataracts, hearing loss and neuropathy, with a likely pathogenic novel missense variant in OPA3, c.30G>C; p.(Lys10Asn) that segregates with disease in the family pedigree. The family's clinical presentation has significant phenotypic overlap with previously reported cases of OPA3, except for a notable lack of optic atrophy. The analysis of all known disease‐associated variants in OPA3 revealed an enrichment in missense variants in patients with OPA3 phenotype compared with loss‐of‐function variants, which are more likely to be observed in individuals with 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria type III, supporting different mechanisms of disease. This case broadens the clinical and genetic spectrum associated with OPA3 mutations and highlights that optic atrophy is not an obligate feature of OPA3‐related disorders.
Comprehensive exploration of FCHO1 mutations: Clinical manifestations and implications across disorders
Authors: Alomari Omar , Ertan Sinem Nur , Mokresh Muhammed Edib , Yazicilar Elif , Pourali Maryam , Akyokus Fatma Esra , Sager Safiye Gunes , Cag Yakup
Published: August 2024

FCH domain only 1 (FCHO1) is a key player in clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, vital for various cellular processes, including immune regulation and cancer progression. However, the clinical implications of FCHO1 mutations, particularly in combined immunodeficiency, remain unclear. This systematic review aims to provide an objective analysis of the molecular genetics, clinical manifestations, and potential therapeutic targets associated with FCHO1 mutations. A systematic search following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted across electronic databases up to March 25, 2024, to identify studies investigating the relationship between FCHO1 and different clinical manifestations. Eligibility criteria were applied to screen studies, and data extraction included study characteristics, reported symptoms, genetic variants, and primary outcomes. In silico analyses were performed to assess protein–protein interactions and gene expression patterns. Five studies were included, offering insights into the molecular genetics, T‐cell deficiency mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and potential therapeutic targets associated with FCHO1 mutations. Molecular analyses identified specific mutations disrupting FCHO1 function, leading to impaired T‐cell proliferation, cytokine production, and susceptibility to infections. Clinically, patients exhibited recurrent infections, lymphopenia, and malignancies, with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation emerging as a therapeutic option. In silico analyses revealed potential interactions and co‐expression between FCHO1 and genes involved in cancer progression and immune signaling pathways. This systematic review objectively elucidates the multifaceted role of FCHO1 in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying FCHO1 mutations and their impact on disease manifestations is crucial for guiding clinical management and developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
An Aza‐Prilezhaev‐Based Method for Inversion of Regioselectivity in Stereospecific Alkene 1,2‐Aminohydroxylations
Authors: Tu Wenbin , Farndon Joshua J. , Robertson Craig M. , Bower John F.
Published: August 2024

Under acidic conditions (TFA) and in the presence of water, BocNHOTs promotes stereospecific 1,2‐aminohydroxylations of alkenes. The processes involve intermolecular aza‐Prilezhaev aziridination followed by stereospecific SN2 opening by water. This reagent combination provides regiochemical outcomes that are opposite to, or more selective than those observed using epoxidation initiated 1,2‐aminohydroxylation protocols. Replacement of water by other nucleophiles allows 1,2‐amino(thio)etherification, diamination, aminoazidation and aminofluorination reactions. Intramolecular processes are also feasible, including unusual variants that evoke azabicyclobutane‐like reactivity.
Highly Diffusive Nonluminescent Carriers in Hybrid Phase Lead Triiodide Perovskite Nanowires
Authors: Zhao Chunyi , Sun Qi , Xu Peng , Chen Longwen , Shi Rumeng , Meng Lingchen , Liang Yongfu , Yin Yanfeng , Yao Guanxin , Zhang Xianyi , Lu Zhou , Tian Wenming , Jin Shengye
Published: August 2024

Crystal structural rearrangements unavoidably introduce defects into materials, where even these small changes in local lattice structure could arouse a prominent impact on the overall nature of crystals. Contrary to the traditional notion that defects obstruct carrier transport, herein, we report a promoted transport mechanism of nonluminescent carriers in single‐crystalline CH3NH3PbI3 nanowires (1345.2 cm2 V−1 s−1, about a 14‐fold improvement), enabled by the phase transition induced defects (PTIDs). Carriers captured by PTIDs evade both the radiative and non‐radiative recombinations during the incomplete tetragonal‐to‐orthorhombic phase transition at low temperatures, forming a specific nonluminescent state that exhibits an efficient long‐distance transport and thereby realize a prominent enhancement of photocurrent responsivity for photodetector applications. The findings provide broader insights into the carrier transport mechanism in perovskite semiconductors and have significant implications for their rational design for photoelectronic applications at varied operating temperatures.
Bio‐Inspired Cu/Pd Bimetallic Catalysts Facilitating One‐Pot Relay Catalysis of Homo‐Couplings of Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Huang Jiayi , Shan Zhihao , Huang Yuling , Zhang Shuyao , Lin Ting , Li Yiqun
Published: August 2024

Inspired by the multienzymatic relay catalysis in nature, herein, we reported a pioneering bio‐inspired Cu/Pd bimetallic composite microspheres (Cu/CMC@Pd/C) as a simple and efficient relay catalyst for the homo‐coupling of arylboronic acids. In this composite, Pd/C was encapsulated by Cu(II)‐crosslinking carboxymethyl cellulose (Cu/CMC). Cu/CMC@Pd/C microspheres were easily achieved by adding a mixture solution of Pd/C and carboxymethyl cellulose into a Cu(II) solution through an ion exchange reaction between carboxylate groups of CMC and Cu(II) ions. The morphology and composition of the as‐prepared Cu/CMC@Pd/C microspheres were well characterized using various analytical tools such as FT‐IR, XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, elemental mapping, EDS, and ICP‐AES. The analysis indicated that the composite microspheres have a porous structure and Pd/C is uniformly distributed within the interior of the composite microspheres. The porous structure facilitates mass transfer of the substrate and increases the contact area of the catalyst, thus improving reaction efficiency. The performance of Cu/CMC@Pd/C microspheres was assessed in the homo‐coupling of arylboronic acid for the synthesis of symmetric biaryl without the need for an aryl halide as a partner. This process mimics a multienzyme catalysis through a relay Cu(I)‐catalyzed halogenation of one portion of arylboronic acid and a Pd(0)‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling between the in situ generated aryl halide and another portion of arylboronic acid. The results showed that this bio‐inspired Cu/CMC@Pd/C has excellent relay catalytic activity with tolerance of broad functional groups, producing the desired symmetrical biaryls in excellent yields within a short reaction time under mild conditions. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily recovered through simple filtration and still has good catalytic activity after six cycles. Consequently, this innovative pseudo‐homogeneous Cu/Pd relay catalyst emerges as a convenient and efficient alternative for the synthesis of asymmetric biaryls.
Polyvinyl alcohol/boron nitride aerogels for radiative cooling
Authors: Xu Yazhou , Zhang Jingna , Wang Jingjing , Zhu Huijie , Zhang Shixun , Pan Yamin , Liu Xianhu , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu
Published: August 2024

Daytime radiative cooling material provides a low‐energy way of cooling because it can reflect sunlight and radiate heat without consuming any energy. However, there are still great difficulties in manufacturing low‐cost, high‐efficiency, sustainable, and biodegradable daytime radiative cooling materials. In this paper, poly (vinyl alcohol)/boron nitride (PVA/BN) composite aerogels were prepared by freeze‐drying technology. By adjusting the PVA concentration and BN content, the aerogel can achieve high sunlight reflectivity (96%), high mid‐infrared emissivity (96%) and good thermal insulation performance. Therefore, the temperature of the aerogel can be reduced to 12.5°C lower than the ambient temperature at night, and 5.5°C lower than the ambient temperature under the direct sunlight of 900 W/m2. This aerogel opens an environmentally sustainable pathway for radiative cooling applications.
Toward thin GaSb Buffer Layers Grown on On‐Axis (001) Silicon by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Gilbert A. , Ramonda M. , Patriarche G. , Tournié E. , Rodriguez J.‐B.
Published: August 2024

The monolithic integration of III‐Vs on Silicon (Si) is of great interest for the development of active photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The main challenge is to achieve a high‐quality epitaxy of the III‐V on the Si substrate, as the differences between the materials are responsible for the formation of crystal defects, in particular threading dislocations (TDs) and antiphase domains (APDs) delineated by antiphase boundaries (APBs), which degrade the device's performance. A new technique is demonstrated to achieve thin APBs‐free GaSb buffer layers grown on Si substrates. The original idea presented in this paper is to introduce a GaAs layer into the buffer to promote faster burial of APDs. Two strategies are compared; the first one involves the complete APDs burying in GaAs before growing GaSb, while the second one uses a thin GaAs layer before burying the APDs in the GaSb layer. APB‐free buffer layers as thin as 215/400 nm have been obtained using the first method, which represents a factor of 2/4 thickness reduction compared to the previous results for both 0.5° and 0.2° miscut angles.
Rapid and Efficient Dual Detection Of Zn2+ Ions and Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride Using a Responsive Fluorescent “On‐Off” Sensor Based on Simple Salen‐Type Schiff Base Ligand
Authors: Nguyen Thi‐Cam‐Thu , Huynh Thi‐Kim‐Chi , Truong Hai Bang , Nguyen Thi‐Hong‐An , Nguyen Hoang‐Phuc , Ton Anh‐Khoa , Nguyen Van‐Thanh , Nguyen Thi‐Hong‐No , Hoang Thi‐Kim‐Dung
Published: August 2024

This research has progressed to an effective detection chemosensor of zinc, aluminum ions and oxytetracycline hydrochloride antibiotic based on the fluorescence technique. A straightforward method utilizing microwave irradiation was employed to synthesize the salen‐type Schiff base ligand N,N′‐bis(salicylaldehyde)4,5‐dichloro‐1,2‐phenylenediamine (H2I), providing a good 70 % yield. In ethanol, the H2I sensor demonstrated remarkable rapidity, selectivity, and sensitivity in detecting zinc ions. The fluorescence spectrum exhibited a 44‐fold substantial enhancement at 522 nm and achieved a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.47 μM. Furthermore, the H2I probe's emission intensity increased by 124 times when compared to the ligand's ability to detect Al3+ ions at 494 nm with a LOD value of 7.4 μM. Additional research was done using the H2I probe's effective Zn2+ detection capability. The ability to recognize zinc ions in different real water samples demonstrated a recovery rate of 98.67 % to 103.31 %. Interestingly, a naked‐eye visible fluorescence color of H2I solution impregnated filter papers turned colorless into yell ow under UV irradiation by adding Zn2+ ions, renders it suitable for developing a practical zinc ion detection kit test. In particular, the I‐Zn2+ complex effectively quenched the fluorescence toward oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) with a LOD value of 1.49×10−2 μM in DMSO:H2O (6 : 4, v/v). This is a novel and effective procedure for sensing OTC antibiotic by the I‐Zn2+ complex. These findings hold immense potential for the development of dual fluorescent probes, thereby enhancing sensitivity and specificity in identifying metal ions and antibiotics in a wide range of applications.
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) Promoted Organic Transformations: A Recent Updates
Authors: Shaw Ranjay , Prakash Prasoon
Published: August 2024

Due to the growing significance of sustainable and environmentally friendly organic transformations, there has been increasing interest in utilizing vitamins as catalysts owing to their green nature, biocompatibility, and ease of preparation. Among these, Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine stands out for its nonflammable, water‐soluble, inexpensive, and non‐toxic characteristics. This review summarized recent developments on the catalytic application of Vitamin B1 in organic transformations, particularly in facilitating C−C and C−X (N, O, S) bond formations, thus demonstrating its efficacy in synthesizing complex molecules. Vitamin B1 exhibits versatility in these reactions, functioning as both an organocatalyst as well as a co‐catalyst or ligand with other metal catalysts. The review also delves into the application of thiamine diphosphate‐dependent enzymes as catalysts in organic reactions, drawing inspiration from natural enzymatic processes. Additionally, the mechanistic intricacies of thiamine‐catalyzed reactions and the roles of co‐catalysts or additives are thoroughly examined, providing insights into reaction pathways and facilitating informed catalyst design strategies.
Synthesis of New Silylated and N−Si−N bridged Urea Derivatives from Aminosilanes and Diisocyanates
Authors: Baumhardt Marlene K. , Schwarzer Sandra , Wagler Jörg , Knerr Steven , Kroke Edwin
Published: August 2024

Urea derivatives of the general motifs R1(N(SiMe3)C(O)NR2R3)2 and [R1(NC(O)NR2R3)2SiMe2]n (R1=difunctional organic linker, i. e., core of diisocyanate used; R2,R3= H,nPr; H,Ph; Et,Et) were synthesized by insertion of four different diisocyanates (1,6‐HMDI, 2,4‐TDI, 1,3‐TMXDI and 4,4’‐MDI) into aminotrimethylsilanes Me3SiNR2R3 and diaminodimethylsilanes Me2Si(NR2R3)2. The products obtained were analyzed by NMR and IR spectroscopy. Insertion into aliphatic aminosilanes was found to be favored for primary over secondary amino groups. For insertion into 4,4’‐methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) (4,4’‐MDI), good results were obtained for silanes derived from secondary amines as well. Insertion into aminosilanes with aromatic N‐bound substituents turned out to be kinetically inhibited. Elucidation of molecular structures of the products by crystallography and NMR spectroscopy revealed interesting differences in N−Si connectivity, caused by steric and electronic effects of the reactants and migration of ‐SiMe3 and ‐(SiMe2)‐ moieties.
Engineering microbes for 1,3‐propanediol production
Authors: Du Ruotong , Ling Hongzhi , Cheng Keke
Published: August 2024

1,3‐Propanediol (1,3‐PDO) has multiple practical applications, for example as an antifreeze and protective agent and as a monomer of partially renewable polyester and polyurethane. The main method for 1,3‐PDO production is currently microbial fermentation. Bio‐based 1,3‐PDO can use renewable materials as substrates, and the process is mild and environmentally friendly.

Genetic engineering of microorganisms is crucial to achieve substrate diversity, reduce byproducts to decrease production costs, and facilitate the downstream processing of 1,3‐PDO. This paper reviews the metabolic engineering of 1,3‐PDO in natural and non‐natural producers. In particular, it discusses current progress using non‐natural synthetic pathways to obtain 1,3‐propanediol.

Finally, strategies such as integrated production with other high‐value‐added products are proposed for successful commercialization.
Enhancing the Classification of Congenital Heart Defects for Outcome Association Studies in Birth Defects Registries
Authors: Stephens Sara B. , Benjamin Renata H. , Lopez Keila N. , Anderson Brett R. , Lin Angela E. , Shumate Charles J. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Morris Shaine A. , Agopian A. J.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Traditional strategies for grouping congenital heart defects (CHDs) using birth defect registry data do not adequately address differences in expected clinical consequences between different combinations of CHDs. We report a lesion‐specific classification system for birth defect registry–based outcome studies.

Methods

For Core Cardiac Lesion Outcome Classifications (C‐CLOC) groups, common CHDs expected to have reasonable clinical homogeneity were defined. Criteria based on combinations of Centers for Disease and Control‐modified British Pediatric Association (BPA) codes were defined for each C‐CLOC group. To demonstrate proof of concept and retention of reasonable case counts within C‐CLOC groups, Texas Birth Defect Registry data (1999–2017 deliveries) were used to compare case counts and neonatal mortality between traditional vs. C‐CLOC classification approaches.

Results

C‐CLOC defined 59 CHD groups among 62,262 infants with CHDs. Classifying cases into the single, mutually exclusive C‐CLOC group reflecting the highest complexity CHD present reduced case counts among lower complexity lesions (e.g., 86.5% of cases with a common atrium BPA code were reclassified to a higher complexity group for a co‐occurring CHD). As expected, C‐CLOC groups had retained larger sample sizes (i.e., representing presumably better‐powered analytic groups) compared to cases with only one CHD code and no occurring CHDs.

Discussion

This new CHD classification system for investigators using birth defect registry data, C‐CLOC, is expected to balance clinical outcome homogeneity in analytic groups while maintaining sufficiently large case counts within categories, thus improving power for CHD‐specific outcome association comparisons. Future outcome studies utilizing C‐CLOC‐based classifications are planned.
Innovative fixed bed bioreactor platform: Enabling linearly scalable adherent cell biomanufacturing with real‐time biomass prediction from nutrient consumption
Authors: Goral Vasiliy N. , Hong Yulong , Scibek Jeffery J. , Sun Yujian , Romeo Lori E. , Rao Abhijit , Manning Daniel , Zhou Yue , Schultes Joel A. , Tjong Vinalia , Pikula Dragan , Krebs Kathleen A. , Ferrie Ann M. , Kramel Stefan , Weber Jennifer L. , Upton Todd M. , Fang Ye , Melkoumian Zara
Published: August 2024

Scalable single‐use adherent cell‐based biomanufacturing platforms are essential for unlocking the full potential of cell and gene therapies. The primary objective of this study is to design and develop a novel fixed bed bioreactor platform tailored specifically for scaling up adherent cell culture. The bioreactor comprises a packed bed of vertically stacked woven polyethylene terephthalate mesh discs, sandwiched between two‐fluid guide plates. Leveraging computational fluid dynamics modeling, we optimized bioreactor design to achieve uniform flow with minimal shear stress. Residence time distribution measurements demonstrated excellent flow uniformity with plug flow characteristics. Periodic media sampling coupled with offline analysis revealed minimal gradients of crucial metabolites (glucose, glutamine, lactate, and ammonia) across the bioreactor during cell growth. Furthermore, the bioreactor platform demonstrated high performance in automated cell harvesting, with ≈96% efficiency and ≈98% viability. It also exhibited linear scalability in both operational parameters and performance for cell culture and adeno‐associated virus vector production. We developed mathematical models based on oxygen uptake rates to accurately predict cell growth curves and estimate biomass in real‐time. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed fixed‐bed bioreactor platform in enabling scalable adherent cell‐based biomanufacturing with high productivity and process control.