bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of 10 kW Class Tidal Power Generator System - Focusing on Field Experiments with Pipelines
Authors: Choi HyukJin , Oh Nam-Sun , Ko Dong-Hui , Jeong Shin Taek
Published: March 2023

Along with the growing interest in renewable energy development, Korea’s west coast is one of the favorable regions for tidal power. Tidal power using tidal barrages that work like hydroelectric dams is a representative method of tidal power through long-term operation, but the promotion of tidal power projects is being delayed or stopped due to impacts on ecological changes, reproduction, water column processes and hydrology. In order to reduce the high construction cost and environmental cost problems caused by tidal power using tidal barrages, in this study, field experiments were conducted to develop and verify the performance of tidal power generation devices applicable to sea areas where dykes are already installed. As a result of conducting five cases of experiments using two water tanks, pipe lines, open channels, and water turbine and generator, the possibility of developing a power generation system capable of generating more than 10 kW output and more than 60% efficiency were confirmed. The results of this study can be used for small-scale tidal power by utilizing the existing dykes of the west coast.
Editorial
Authors: Solomon Paul
Published: March 2023

The newly - appointed editorial group members are Philip Culbertson, Angela Stupples, Margot Solomon and me, Paul Solomon. Readers of the Forum will have noticed an increasingly scholarly tone in the journal over time; this issue marks another step in that direction. The Forum is now a peer-reviewed scholarly journal. The editorial group is currently working, in the words of the editorial of issue 5 in 1999, to 'enable the Journal to take its place in the international literature of psychotherapy,' alongside other psychotherapy journals in Australia, Britain, America, and other countries. Whether the transition requires a change of name, from Forum to Journal, is a topic for discussion in the newsletter, by our Council, and by all members.
Beckett, Bion and waiting for God
Authors: Farrell Mary
Published: March 2023

In 1948, Samuel Beckett's famous existential theatre masterpiece, 'Waiting for Godot' was written. This paper will make links between the dialogue in the play and Beckett's analytic work with the young Wilfred Bion in the early 1930s. The paper will be illustrated by extracts from the recent film version of 'Waiting for Godot'. Reference will be made to Bion's paper 'Attacks on Linking', showing the relevance of his ideas to Beckett's life history and to a patient whose persistent rejection of interpretation has characterised our work together.
Potential space, dialectics, reflective function, mindfulness and mentalization
Authors: Thorpe Mark
Published: March 2023

The therapeutic encounter becomes transformational through the creation of potential space, dialectics, reflective function, mindfulness or mentalization. This paper dialogues these concepts as employed by different therapeutic modalities within New Zealand, namely; Object-relations (Thomas Ogden and Donald Winnicott), the Conversational Model (Russell Meares), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (Marsha Linehan) and Mentalization (Anthony Bateman and Peter Fonagy). It suggests that there is sufficient common ground to view them as one concept in different therapeutic bottles.
One-Year Adverse Outcomes Among US Adults With Post–COVID-19 Condition vs Those Without COVID-19 in a Large Commercial Insurance Database
Authors: DeVries Andrea , Shambhu Sonali , Sloop Sue , Overhage J. Marc
Published: March 2023

Importance

Many individuals experience ongoing symptoms following the onset of COVID-19, characterized as postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 or post–COVID-19 condition (PCC). Less is known about the long-term outcomes for these individuals.

Objective

To quantify 1-year outcomes among individuals meeting a PCC definition compared with a control group of individuals without COVID-19.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study with a propensity score–matched control group included members of commercial health plans and used national insurance claims data enhanced with laboratory results and mortality data from the Social Security Administration’s Death Master File and Datavant Flatiron data. The study sample consisted of adults meeting a claims-based definition for PCC with a 2:1 matched control cohort of individuals with no evidence of COVID-19 during the time period of April 1, 2020, to July 31, 2021.

Exposures

Individuals experiencing postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 using a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–based definition.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Adverse outcomes, including cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes and mortality, for individuals with PCC and controls assessed over a 12-month period.

Results

The study population included 13 435 individuals with PCC and 26 870 individuals with no evidence of COVID-19 (mean [SD] age, 51 [15.1] years; 58.4% female). During follow-up, the PCC cohort experienced increased health care utilization for a wide range of adverse outcomes: cardiac arrhythmias (relative risk [RR], 2.35; 95% CI, 2.26-2.45), pulmonary embolism (RR, 3.64; 95% CI, 3.23-3.92), ischemic stroke (RR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.98-2.52), coronary artery disease (RR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.70-1.88), heart failure (RR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.84-2.10), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.88-2.00), and asthma (RR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.86-2.03). The PCC cohort also experienced increased mortality, as 2.8% of individuals with PCC vs 1.2% of controls died, implying an excess death rate of 16.4 per 1000 individuals.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study leveraged a large commercial insurance database and found increased rates of adverse outcomes over a 1-year period for a PCC cohort surviving the acute phase of illness. The results indicate a need for continued monitoring for at-risk individuals, particularly in the area of cardiovascular and pulmonary management.
High-Dose Buprenorphine Initiation in the Emergency Department Among Patients Using Fentanyl and Other Opioids
Authors: Snyder Hannah , Chau Brendon , Kalmin Mariah M. , Speener Melissa , Campbell Arianna , Moulin Aimee , Herring Andrew A.
Published: March 2023

This cohort study examines buprenorphine treatment initiation, response, and follow-up among patients presenting to California emergency departments (EDs) who reported fentanyl or other opioid use.
TrDosePred: A deep learning dose prediction algorithm based on transformers for head and neck cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Hu Chenchen , Wang Haiyun , Zhang Wenyi , Xie Yaoqin , Jiao Ling , Cui Songye
Published: March 2023

Background

Intensity‐Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) has been the standard of care for many types of tumors. However, treatment planning for IMRT is a time‐consuming and labor‐intensive process.

Purpose

To alleviate this tedious planning process, a novel deep learning based dose prediction algorithm (TrDosePred) was developed for head and neck cancers.

Methods

The proposed TrDosePred, which generated the dose distribution from a contoured CT image, was a U‐shape network constructed with a convolutional patch embedding and several local self‐attention based transformers. Data augmentation and ensemble approach were used for further improvement. It was trained based on the dataset from Open Knowledge‐Based Planning Challenge (OpenKBP). The performance of TrDosePred was evaluated with two mean absolute error (MAE) based scores utilized by OpenKBP challenge (i.e., Dose score and DVH score) and compared to the top three approaches of the challenge. In addition, several state‐of‐the‐art methods were implemented and compared to TrDosePred.

Results

The TrDosePred ensemble achieved the dose score of 2.426 Gy and the DVH score of 1.592 Gy on the test dataset, ranking at 3rd and 9th respectively in the leaderboard on CodaLab as of writing. In terms of DVH metrics, on average, the relative MAE against the clinical plans was 2.25% for targets and 2.17% for organs at risk.

Conclusions

A transformer‐based framework TrDosePred was developed for dose prediction. The results showed a comparable or superior performance as compared to the previous state‐of‐the‐art approaches, demonstrating the potential of transformer to boost the treatment planning procedures.
Multisystem proteinopathies (MSPs) and MSP‐like disorders: Clinical‐pathological‐molecular spectrum
Authors: Chompoopong Pitcha , Oskarsson Björn , Madigan Nicolas N. , Mirman Igal , Martinez‐Thompson Jennifer M. , Liewluck Teerin , Milone Margherita
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Mutations in VCP, HNRNPA2B1, HNRNPA1, and SQSTM1, encoding RNA‐binding proteins or proteins in quality‐control pathways, cause multisystem proteinopathies (MSP). They share pathological findings of protein aggregation and clinical combinations of inclusion body myopathy (IBM), neurodegeneration [motor neuron disorder (MND)/frontotemporal dementia (FTD)], and Paget disease of bone (PDB). Subsequently, additional genes were linked to similar but not full clinical‐pathological spectrum (MSP‐like disorders). We aimed to define the phenotypic‐genotypic spectrum of MSP and MSP‐like disorders at our institution, including long‐term follow‐up features.

Methods

We searched the Mayo Clinic database (January 2010–June 2022) to identify patients with mutations in MSP and MSP‐like disorders causative genes. Medical records were reviewed.

Results

Thirty‐one individuals (27 families) had pathogenic mutations in: VCP (n = 17), SQSTM1 + TIA1 (n = 5), TIA1 (n = 5), MATR3, HNRNPA1, HSPB8, and TFG (n = 1, each). Myopathy occurred in all but 2 VCP‐MSP patients with disease onset at age 52 (median). Weakness pattern was limb‐girdle in 12/15 VCP‐MSP and HSPB8 patient, and distal‐predominant in other MSP and MSP‐like disorders. Twenty/24 muscle biopsies showed rimmed vacuolar myopathy. MND and FTD occurred in 5 (4 VCP, 1 TFG) and 4 (3 VCP, 1 SQSTM1 + TIA1) patients, respectively. PDB manifested in 4 VCP‐MSP. Diastolic dysfunction occurred in 2 VCP‐MSP. After 11.5 years (median) from symptom onset, 15 patients ambulated without gait‐aids; loss of ambulation (n = 5) and death (n = 3) were recorded only in VCP‐MSP.

Interpretation

VCP‐MSP was the most common disorder; rimmed vacuolar myopathy was the most frequent manifestation; distal‐predominant weakness occurred frequently in non‐VCP‐MSP; and cardiac involvement was observed only in VCP‐MSP.
Immunity‐on‐a‐Chip: Integration of Immune Components into the Scheme of Organ‐on‐a‐Chip Systems
Authors: Ramadan Qasem , Hazaymeh Rana , Zourob Mohammed
Published: March 2023

Studying the immune system in vitro aims to understand how, when, and where the immune cells migrate/differentiate and respond to the various triggering events and the decision points along the immune response journey. It becomes evident that organ‐on‐a‐chip (OOC) technology has a superior capability to recapitulate the cell‐cell and tissue‐tissue interaction in the body, with a great potential to provide tools for tracking the paracrine signaling with high spatial‐temporal precision and implementing in situ real‐time, non‐destructive detection assays, therefore, enabling extraction of mechanistic information rather than phenotypic information. However, despite the rapid development in this technology, integration of the immune system into OOC devices stays among the least navigated tasks, with immune cells still the major missing components in the developed models. This is mainly due to the complexity of the immune system and the reductionist methodology of the OOC modules. Dedicated research in this field is demanded to establish the understanding of mechanism‐based disease endotypes rather than phenotypes. Herein, we systemically present a synthesis of the state‐of‐the‐art of immune‐cantered OOC technology. We comprehensively outlined what is achieved and identified the technology gaps emphasizing the missing components required to establish immune‐competent OOCs and bridge these gaps.
Interfacial Chemical Bond and Oxygen Vacancy‐Enhanced In2O3/CdSe‐DETA S‐scheme Heterojunction for Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Wang Zhongliao , Zhang Jinfeng , Shao Chunfeng , Dai Kai , Fan Ke , Liang Changhao
Published: March 2023

The S‐scheme heterojunctions have great potential for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction due to their unique carrier migration pathways, superior carrier separation efficiencies, and high redox capacities. However, the precise process of the oriented powerful electron transport remains a great challenge. Herein, an InOCd bond‐modulated S‐scheme heterojunction of In2O3/CdSe‐DETA is synthesized by a simple microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method for the accelerated photogenerated electron transfer. Meanwhile, the oxygen vacancies (Vo) of In2O3 have an electron capture effect. Consequently, thanks to the synergistic effect of this In‐Vo‐In‐O‐Cd structural units at the interface, electrons are extracted and rapidly transferred to the surface‐active sites, which improves the electronic coupling of CO2. This finding precisely adjusts the electron transfer pathway and shortens the electron transfer distance. The synergistic effect of this chemical bond established in the S‐scheme heterostructure with oxygen vacancies in In2O3 (Vo‐In2O3) provides new insights into photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Multifunctional Small Molecule as Buried Interface Passivator for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Meizi , Duan Yuwei , Yang Lu , You Peng , Li Zhijun , Wang Jungang , Zhou Hui , Yang Shaomin , Xu Dongfang , Zou Hong , Liu Zhike
Published: March 2023

The improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the perovskite solar cell (PSC) is hindered by carrier recombination originating from the defects at the buried interface of the PSC. It is crucial to suppress the nonradiative recombination and facilitate carrier transfer in PSC via interface engineering. Herein, P‐biguanylbenzoic acid hydrochloride (PBGH) is developed to modify the tin oxide (SnO2)/perovskite interface. The effects of PBGH on carrier transportation, perovskite growth, defect passivation, and PSC performance are systematically investigated. On the one hand, the PBGH can effectively passivate the trap states of Sn dangling bonds and O vacancies on the SnO2 surface via Lewis acid/base coordination, which is conducive to improving the conductivity of SnO2 film and accelerating the electron extraction. On the other hand, PBGH modification assists the formation of high‐quality perovskite film with low defect density due to its strong interaction with PbI2. Consequently, the PBGH‐modified PSC exhibits a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.79%, which is one of the highest PCEs among all the FACsPbI3‐based PSCs reported to date. In addition, the stabilities of perovskite films and devices under high temperature/humidity and light illumination conditions are also systematically studied.
Biodegradable Poly(ester) Urethane Acrylate Resins for Digital Light Processing: From Polymer Synthesis to 3D Printed Tissue Engineering Constructs
Authors: Wang Rong , Damanik Febriyani , Kuhnt Tobias , Jaminon Armand , Hafeez Shahzad , Liu Hong , Ippel Hans , Dijkstra Pieter J. , Bouvy Nicole , Schurgers Leon , ten Cate A. Tessa , Dias Aylvin , Moroni Lorenzo , Baker Matthew B.
Published: March 2023

Digital light processing (DLP) is an accurate and fast additive manufacturing technique to produce a variety of products, from patient‐customized biomedical implants to consumer goods. However, DLP's use in tissue engineering has been hampered due to a lack of biodegradable resin development. Herein, a library of biodegradable poly(esters) capped with urethane acrylate (with variations in molecular weight) is investigated as the basis for DLP printable resins for tissue engineering. The synthesized oligomers show good printability and are capable of creating complex structures with mechanical moduli close to those of medium‐soft tissues (1–3 MPa). While fabricated films from different molecular weight resins show few differences in surface topology, wettability, and protein adsorption, the adhesion and metabolic activity of NCTC clone 929 (L929) cells and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) are significantly different. Resins from higher molecular weight oligomers provide greater cell adhesion and metabolic activity. Furthermore, these materials show compatibility in a subcutaneous in vivo pig model. These customizable, biodegradable, and biocompatible resins show the importance of molecular tuning and open up new possibilities for the creation of biocompatible constructs for tissue engineering.
Photo‐Responsive Hydrogel for Contactless Dressing Change to Attenuate Secondary Damage and Promote Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Li Zi‐Yuan , Zhang Xiao‐Jie , Gao Yi‐Ming , Song Yanyan , Sands Mia X. , Zhou Shuang‐Bai , Li Qing‐Feng , Zhang Junji
Published: March 2023

Dressing change is a significant and inevitable process during wound healing. Possible secondary damage caused through dressing removal may impose a great threat on wound recovery, thus resulting in healing delays and ultimately a higher cost of hospitalization. Hence, a non‐contact refreshable dressing with an ease of operation is of great desire, especially for chronic wounds where a long‐term and repeated dressing change would be performed. Herein, an all‐light‐operated hydrogel dressing that would achieve a fast and remote‐controllable dressing change (30 s for gelation/4 min for dissolution upon light irradiation) for chronic wounds is presented. In a diabetic murine model, substantially improved wound healing within 2–3 weeks is observed due to attenuated secondary damage during repeated dressing changes. Moreover, a promising facilitation of the healing processes of epithelialization, collagen deposition, cell proliferation, and inflammatory regulation is also detected, representing a synergistic effect of the photo‐responsive hydrogel dressing for therapeutic efficiency.
Sustained Release of Dicumarol via Novel Grafted Polymer in Electrospun Nanofiber Membrane for Treatment of Peritendinous Adhesion
Authors: Li Yanhao , Hu Chengfang , Hu Bo , Tian Jian , Zhao Gang , Cai Chuandong , Li Yuange , Sun Zhenyu , Wang Shuo , Pang Sa , Bao Rong , Tao Zaijing , Chen Huajiang , Wu Jinglei , Liu Shen
Published: March 2023

The prevention and treatment of post‐traumatic peritendinous adhesion (PA) have always been a great difficulty for orthopedic surgeons. Current treatments include resecting surgery, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) usage and implantable membranes, often target single disease pathogenic processes, resulting in unfavorable therapeutic outcomes. Here a polylactic acid (PLA)‐dicumarol conjugates‐electrospun nanofiber membrane (ENM) (PCD) is generated, which can achieve spatial accuracy and temporal sustainability in drug release. It is further demonstrated that PCD possesses a significantly higher and more sustainable drug release profile than traditional drug‐loading ENM. By providing a physical barrier and continuous releasing of dicumarol, PCD implantation significantly reduces tissue adhesion by 25%, decreases fibroblasts activity and inhibits key fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) production by 30%, and improves the biomechanical tendon property by 14.69%. Mechanistically, PCD potently inhibits the connexin43 (Cx43) and thereby tunes down the fibroblastic TGFβ/Smad3 signaling pathway. Thus, this approach leverages the anti‐adhesion effect of dicumarol and drug release properties of grafted copolymer ENM by esters to provide a promising therapeutic strategy for patients who suffer from PA.
Interface Engineering for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Tang Haoran , Bai Yuanqing , Zhao Haiyang , Qin Xudong , Hu Zhicheng , Zhou Cheng , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: March 2023

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have made dramatic advancements during the past decades owing to the innovative material design and device structure optimization, with power conversion efficiencies surpassing 19% and 20% for single‐junction and tandem devices, respectively. Interface engineering, by modifying interface properties between different layers for OSCs, has become a vital part to promote the device efficiency. It is essential to elucidate the intrinsic working mechanism of interface layers, as well as the related physical and chemical processes that manipulate device performance and long‐term stability. In this article, the advances in interface engineering aimed to pursue high‐performance OSCs are reviewed. The specific functions and corresponding design principles of interface layers are summarized first. Then, the anode interface layer, cathode interface layer in single‐junction OSCs, and interconnecting layer of tandem devices are discussed in separate categories, and the interface engineering‐related improvements on device efficiency and stability are analyzed. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with application of interface engineering are discussed with the emphasis on large‐area, high‐performance, and low‐cost device manufacturing.
A Scalable Platform for Fabricating Biodegradable Microparticles with Pulsatile Drug Release
Authors: Graf Tyler P. , Qiu Sherry Yue , Varshney Dhruv , Laracuente Mei‐Li , Euliano Erin M. , Munnangi Pujita , Pogostin Brett H. , Baryakova Tsvetelina , Garyali Arnav , McHugh Kevin J.
Published: March 2023

Pulsatile drug delivery systems have the potential to improve patient adherence and therapeutic efficacy by providing a sequence of doses in a single injection. Herein, a novel platform, termed Particles Uniformly Liquified and Sealed to Encapsulate Drugs (PULSED) is developed, which enables the high‐throughput fabrication of microparticles exhibiting pulsatile release. In PULSED, biodegradable polymeric microstructures with an open cavity are formed using high‐resolution 3D printing and soft lithography, filled with drug, and sealed using a contactless heating step in which the polymer flows over the orifice to form a complete shell around a drug‐loaded core. Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) particles with this structure can rapidly release encapsulated material after delays of 10 ± 1, 15 ± 1, 17 ± 2, or 36 ± 1 days in vivo, depending on polymer molecular weight and end group. The system is even compatible with biologics, releasing over 90% of bevacizumab in its bioactive form after a two‐week delay in vitro. The PULSED system is highly versatile, offering compatibility with crystalline and amorphous polymers, easily injectable particle sizes, and compatibility with several newly developed drug loading methods. Together, these results suggest that PULSED is a promising platform for creating long‐acting drug formulations that improve patient outcomes due to its simplicity, low cost, and scalability.
Surface‐Dependent Electrocatalytic Activity of CoSe2 for Lithium Sulfur Battery
Authors: Liu Xiaobiao , Zheng Yibing , Zhang Mengjiao , Qi Shiyang , Tan Ming , Zhao Ruwei , Zhao Mingwen
Published: March 2023

Electrocatalysts play key roles in improving the performance of lithium sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. Here, the electrocatalytic activity of different CoSe2 surfaces for the polysulfide redox reactions in Li‐S batteries, by means of first‐principle calculations is considered. The authors demonstrate that there are obvious differences in surface energy (0.7–2.34 J m−2), adsorption energy for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) (1.2–3.5 eV), Gibbs free energy of sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) (0.37–1.16 eV), and Li2S decomposition barrier (0.15–0.94 eV) among different CoSe2 surfaces, and thus lead to the different electrocatalytic activity for different CoSe2 surface. The stoichiometric CoSe2 surface with high surface energy, such as the (001) surface, tends to have stronger adsorption energy and larger SRR Gibbs free energy for LiPSs. The surface electron states are mainly dominated by p–d hybridization orbitals and the p‐band center is vital for the surface electrocatalytic properties. Such surface‐dependent mechanism may shed light on the design of sulfur host materials for high‐performance Li‐S batteries.
In Vivo Activity of Hydrogen‐Peroxide Generating Electrochemical Bandage Against Murine Wound Infections
Authors: Raval Yash S. , Fleming Derek , Mohamed Abdelrhman , Karau Melissa J. , Mandrekar Jayawant N. , Schuetz Audrey N. , Greenwood‐Quaintance Kerryl E. , Beyenal Haluk , Patel Robin
Published: March 2023

Biofilms formed by antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in wound beds challenge the treatment of wound infections. In this work, the activity of a novel electrochemical bandage (e‐bandage) composed of carbon fabric and controlled by a wearable potentiostat, designed to continuously deliver low amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), is evaluated against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR‐PA) and mixed‐species (MRSA and MDR‐PA) wound infections. Wounds created on Swiss Webster mice are infected with the above‐named bacteria and biofilms allow to establish in wound beds for 3 days. e‐Bandages, which electrochemically reduce dissolved oxygen to H2O2 when polarized at −0.6 VAg/AgCl, are placed atop infected wound beds and polarized continuously for 48 h. Polarized e‐bandage treatment results in significant reductions (p <0.001) of both monospecies and mixed‐species wound infections. After e‐bandage treatment, electron microscopy shows degradation of bacterial cells, and histopathology shows no obvious alterations to the inflammatory host response. Blood biochemistries show no abnormalities. Taken all together, results of this work suggest that the described H2O2‐producing e‐bandage can reduce in vivo MRSA, MDR‐PA, and mixed‐species wound biofilms, and should be further developed as a potential antibiotic‐free strategy for treatment of wound infections.
A Theory‐Driven Complementary Interface Effect for Fast‐Kinetics and Ultrastable Zn Metal Anodes in Aqueous/Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Li Fan , Ma Dingtao , Ouyang Kefeng , Yang Ming , Qiu Jimin , Feng Juan , Wang Yanyi , Mi Hongwei , Sun Shichang , Sun Lingna , He Chuanxin , Zhang Peixin
Published: March 2023

The undesirable side reactions and uncontrolled deposition leads to the electrochemical failure of Zn metal anodes. Herein, driven by theory calculations, a surface texture engineering and passivation layer protection dual‐interface strategy is developed. Benefiting from the complementary interface effect, such a dual‐interface can realize the integrated regulation of interfacial transport and deposition. That is, inhibiting water‐induced side reactions, accelerating the de‐solvation of hydrated zinc ions, homogenizing the ion flux, and guiding the Zn(002)‐preferred orientation deposition. As a result, such a dual‐interface modulated Zn electrode enables a significantly extended stability and a smaller nucleation barrier and polarization effect. Unexpectedly, it can steadily operate for 6600 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mA h cm−2, corresponding to a lifespan >9 months. Highly reversible Zn plating and stripping can be still retained when the current density is improved up to 1, 5, 10, and even 20 mA cm−2. Beyond that, when it is applied to Zn metal batteries, enhanced rate capability, and cyclic stability can be realized in both aqueous Zn/MnO2 batteries and solid‐state Zn/VO2 batteries. This design concept of complementary interface effect is expected to provide a new insight into high reversibility Zn metal anodes.
Improved Li‐Ion Conduction and (Electro)Chemical Stability at Garnet‐Polymer Interface through Metal‐Nitrogen Bonding
Authors: Xu Yanan , Wang Kai , Zhang Xudong , Ma Yibo , Peng Qifan , Gong Yue , Yi Sha , Guo Hua , Zhang Xiong , Sun Xianzhong , Gao Hongcai , Xin Sen , Guo Yu‐Guo , Ma Yanwei
Published: March 2023

Organic‐inorganic composite solid electrolytes consisting of garnet fillers dispersed in polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) frameworks have shown promise to enable high‐energy solid‐state Li‐metal batteries. However, the air‐sensitive garnets easily form poorly‐conductive residues, which hinders fast Li‐ion exchange at the garnet‐polymer interface and results in low ionic conductivity. The highly alkaline residues trigger instant dehydrofluorination of PVDF to form unsaturated CC bonds, which are unstable against high‐voltage cathode materials. Here it is shown that, by applying a 10‐nm polydopamine coating on the residue‐removed garnet surface, the modified garnet filler becomes air‐stable and does not generate alkaline residues, so PVDF remains an intact structure. Surface characterizations reveal substantial metal‐nitrogen bonding between the La atoms of garnet and the amino groups of polydopamine, which can invite stronger adsorption of Li ions at the heterointerface. A new interparticle Li‐ion conduction mechanism is disclosed for the composite electrolyte, in which Li ions preferably migrate through the garnet‐polydopamine interface, forming an efficient ion‐percolation network. As a result, the composite electrolyte demonstrates an effective room‐temperature Li+ conductivity of 1.52 × 10–4 S cm–1 and a high cutoff voltage of up to 4.7 V versus Li+/Li to support stable operation of all‐solid‐state Li‐LiCoO2 batteries.
Sibling rivalry between twins in utero and childhood: Evidence from birthweight and survival of 95 919 twin pairs in 72 low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Alemu Robel , Masters William A. , Finaret Amelia B.
Published: March 2023

Background

This study explores the magnitude and timing of sex and gender disparities in child development by describing differences in health outcomes for male and female siblings, comparing twins to control for all aspects of life circumstances other than sex and gender.

Methods

We construct a repeat cross‐sectional dataset of 191 838 twins among 1.7 million births recorded in 214 nationally representative household surveys for 72 countries between 1990 and 2016. To test for biological or social mechanisms that might favor the health of male or female infants, we describe differences in birthweights, attained heights, weights, and survival to distinguish gestational health from care practices after each child is born.

Results

We find that male fetuses grow at the expense of their co‐twin, significantly reducing their sibling's birthweight and survival probabilities, but only if the other fetus is male. Female fetuses are born significantly heavier when they share the uterus with a male co‐twin and have no significant difference in survival probability whether they happen to draw a male or a female co‐twin. These findings demonstrate that sex‐specific sibling rivalry and male frailty begin in utero, prior to gender bias after birth that typically favors male children.

Conclusions

Sex differences in child health may have competing effects with gender bias that occurs during childhood. Worse health outcomes for males with a male co‐twin could be linked to hormone levels or male frailty, and could lead to underestimates of the effect sizes of later gender bias against girls. Gender bias favoring surviving male children may explain the lack of differences in height and weight observed for twins with either male or female co‐twins.
Ravulizumab in Aquaporin‐4–Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Pittock Sean J. , Barnett Michael , Bennett Jeffrey L. , Berthele Achim , de Sèze Jérôme , Levy Michael , Nakashima Ichiro , Oreja‐Guevara Celia , Palace Jacqueline , Paul Friedemann , Pozzilli Carlo , Yountz Marcus , Allen Kerstin , Mashhoon Yasmin , Kim Ho Jin
Published: March 2023

Objective

CHAMPION‐NMOSD (NCT04201262) is a phase 3, open‐label, externally controlled interventional study evaluating the efficacy and safety of the terminal complement inhibitor ravulizumab in adult patients with anti–aquaporin‐4 antibody–positive (AQP4+) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Ravulizumab binds the same complement component 5 epitope as the approved therapeutic eculizumab but has a longer half‐life, enabling an extended dosing interval (8 vs 2 weeks).

Methods

The availability of eculizumab precluded the use of a concurrent placebo control in CHAMPION‐NMOSD; consequently, the placebo group of the eculizumab phase 3 trial PREVENT (n = 47) was used as an external comparator. Patients received weight‐based intravenous ravulizumab on day 1 and maintenance doses on day 15, then once every 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was time to first adjudicated on‐trial relapse.

Results

The primary endpoint was met; no patients taking ravulizumab (n = 58) had an adjudicated relapse (during 84.0 patient‐years of treatment) versus 20 patients with adjudicated relapses in the placebo group of PREVENT (during 46.9 patient‐years; relapse risk reduction = 98.6%, 95% confidence interval = 89.7%–100.0%,p < 0.0001). Median (range) study period follow‐up time was 73.5 (11.0–117.7) weeks for ravulizumab. Most treatment‐emergent adverse events were mild/moderate; no deaths were reported. Two patients taking ravulizumab experienced meningococcal infections. Both recovered with no sequelae; one continued ravulizumab treatment.

Interpretation

Ravulizumab significantly reduced relapse risk in patients with AQP4+ NMOSD, with a safety profile consistent with those of eculizumab and ravulizumab across all approved indications. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1053–1068
Influence of Organic‐Cation Defects on Optoelectronic Properties of ASnI3 Perovskites A=HC(NH2)2, CH3NH3
Authors: Ji Qun , Wu Yilei , Gao Xinying , Zhang Tingbo , Zhou Yipeng , Zhang Yehui , Ju Ming‐Gang , Wang Jinlan , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: March 2023

Tin organic–inorganic halide perovskites (tin OIHPs) possess a desirable band gap and their power conversion efficiency (PCE) has reached 14 %. A commonly held view is that the organic cations in tin OIHPs would have little impact on the optoelectronic properties. Herein, we show that the defective organic cations with randomly dynamic characteristics can have marked effect on optoelectronic properties of the tin OIHPs. Hydrogen vacancies originated from the proton dissociation from FA [HC(NH2)2] in FASnI3 can induce deep transition levels in the band gap but yield relatively small nonradiative recombination coefficients of 10−15 cm3 s−1, whereas those from MA (CH3NH3) in MASnI3 can yield much larger nonradiative recombination coefficients of 10−11 cm3 s−1. Additional insight into the “defect tolerance” is gained by disentangling the correlations between dynamic rotation of organic cations and charge‐carrier dynamics.
Room‐Temperature‐Stable Diazoalkenes by Diazo Transfer from Azides: Pyridine‐Derived Diazoalkenes
Authors: Reitz Justus , Antoni Patrick W. , Holstein Julian J. , Hansmann Max M.
Published: March 2023

Recently, stable diazoalkenes have received significant attention as a new substance class in organic chemistry. While their previous synthetic access was exclusively limited to the activation of nitrous oxide, we here establish a much more general synthetic approach utilizing a Regitz‐type diazo transfer with azides. Importantly, this approach is also applicable to weakly polarized olefins such as 2‐pyridine olefins. The new pyridine diazoalkenes are not accessible by the activation of nitrous oxide, allowing for a considerable extension of the scope of this only recently accessed functional group. The new diazoalkene class has properties distinct from the previously reported classes, such as photochemically triggered loss of dinitrogen affording cumulenes and not C−H insertion products. Pyridine‐derived diazoalkenes represent the so far least polarized stable diazoalkene class reported.
Self‐supporting flexible poly(1‐naphaneneboronic acid) film as green light‐emitting material
Authors: Kang Huan , Chao Shixing , He Yao , Liang Yanmei , Xu Jingkun , Zhou Weiqiang
Published: March 2023

The flexible conducting polymer films (FCPs) with fused ring structure is of great significance in the field of flexible electronics, yet their preparation is challenging. The mechanical properties can be improved by introducing boric acid groups to FCPs. Herein, free‐standing poly (1‐naphaneneboronic acid) (PNBA) film with a conductivity of 3 × 10−4 S cm−1 is readily prepared by electrochemical polymerization of 1‐naphaneneboronic acid. The PNBA film exhibits good redox activity and electrochemical stability. Fourier transform infrared spectrum proves that polymerization site of the as‐prepared PNBA occurs at C5 and C8 positions. The UV–Vis spectrum proves that the optical band gap of PNBA is 2.76 eV. In addition, thermal analysis reveals that the polymer displays excellent thermal stability. Fluorescence spectroscopy results show that PNBA film is a good green light‐emitting material. These characteristics indicate that free‐standing flexible PNBA film has potential applications in flexible electronic semiconductors, fluorescent materials and electrochemical sensors.
How reliable are Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell genome‐scale metabolic models?
Authors: Strain Benjamin , Morrissey James , Antonakoudis Athanasios , Kontoravdi Cleo
Published: March 2023

Genome‐scale metabolic models (GEMs) possess the power to revolutionize bioprocess and cell line engineering workflows thanks to their ability to predict and understand whole‐cell metabolism in silico. Despite this potential, it is currently unclear how accurately GEMs can capture both intracellular metabolic states and extracellular phenotypes. Here, we investigate this knowledge gap to determine the reliability of current Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell metabolic models. We introduce a new GEM, iCHO2441, and create CHO‐S and CHO‐K1 specific GEMs. These are compared against iCHO1766, iCHO2048, and iCHO2291. Model predictions are assessed via comparison with experimentally measured growth rates, gene essentialities, amino acid auxotrophies, and 13C intracellular reaction rates. Our results highlight that all CHO cell models are able to capture extracellular phenotypes and intracellular fluxes, with the updated GEM outperforming the original CHO cell GEM. Cell line‐specific models were able to better capture extracellular phenotypes but failed to improve intracellular reaction rate predictions in this case. Ultimately, this work provides an updated CHO cell GEM to the community and lays a foundation for the development and assessment of next‐generation flux analysis techniques, highlighting areas for model improvements.
Prognosis and complications of patients with primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: Development and validation of the systemic inflammation response index‐covered score
Authors: Chu Yurou , Liu Yingyue , Jiang Yujie , Ge Xueling , Yuan Dai , Ding Mei , Qu Huiting , Liu Fang , Zhou Xiangxiang , Wang Xin
Published: March 2023

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) in primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (PGI‐DLBCL) patients and establish a highly discriminating risk prediction model.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included 153 PGI‐DCBCL patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2021. These patients were divided into a training set (n = 102) and a validation set (n = 51). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to examine the significance of variables on overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). An inflammation‐covered score system was established according to the multivariate results.

Results

The presence of high pretreatment SIRI (≥1.34, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with poorer survival and identified as an independent prognostic factor. Compared with NCCN‐IPI, the prognostic and discriminatory capability of the novel model SIRI‐PI showed a more precise high‐risk assessment with a higher area under the curve (AUC) (0.916 vs 0.835) and C‐index (0.912 vs 0.836) for OS in the training cohort, and similar results were obtained in the validation cohort. Moreover, SIRI‐PI also showed good discriminative power for efficacy assessment. This new model identified patients at risk of developing severe gastrointestinal complications following chemotherapy.

Conclusions

The results of this analysis suggested that the pretreatment SIRI may be a potential candidate for identifying patients with a poor prognosis. And we established and validated a better‐performing clinical model, which facilitated the prognostic stratification of PGI‐DLBCL patients and can serve as a reference for clinical decision‐making.
Bioconversion of Ginsenoside Rf into Its Hydrated Derivative with Elevated Anti‐inflammatory Effect by a Highly Specific Biocatalytic System ofCordyceps Sinensis
Authors: Liu Jishuang , Xin Yu , Qiu Zhidong , Zhang Qi , He Tianzhu , Qiu Ye , Wang Weinan
Published: March 2023

The presence of 25‐OH moiety has been proved to enhance the bioactivity of dammarane saponins in many cases. However, such modification by previous strategies had compromised yield and purity of target products. Herein ginsenoside Rf was specifically transformed into 25‐OH‐(20S)‐Rf with a conversion rate of 88.03 % by aCordyceps Sinensis‐mediated biocatalytic system. The formulation of 25‐OH‐(20S)‐Rf was calculated by HRMS, whilst its structure was validated by1H‐NMR,13C‐NMR, HSQC, and HMBC analysis. Time‐course experiments unveiled straightforward hydration of the double bond on Rf with undetectable side reactions and maximum production of 25‐OH‐(20S)‐Rf on the 6thday, which collectively suggested the suitable timing of harvesting this target compound. In vitro bioassay of (20S)‐Rf and 25‐OH‐(20S)‐Rf against lipopolysaccharide‐induced macrophages indicated a significant boost of anti‐inflammatory effects after the C24−C25 double bond was hydrated. Therefore, the biocatalytic system in this article could be leveraged to deal with macrophage‐mediated inflammation under defined circumstances.
LC/MS/MS Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme (ACE) and Glutathione S Transferase (GST) Inhibitory Properties of Ultrasound‐Assisted Propolis Extracts
Authors: Aras Abdülmelik , Korkmaz Tuğba , Bayrakdar Alpaslan
Published: March 2023

Resinous beehive product propolis has many biological activities. It contains various aromatic substances that have great differences in their chemical composition depending on the natural flora. Thus, chemical characterization and biological properties of propolis samples is an important subject for the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the propolis samples collected from three cities in Turkey were prepared as methanol (MEP), ethanol (EEP), chloroform (ChlEP), hexane (HxEP), and ethyl acetate (EAEP) extracts using an ultrasonic assisted technique. The antioxidant capacities of the samples were evaluated by free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), cation radical scavenging activity (ABTS), and reducing activity (CUPRAC) and (FRAP). The strongest biological activities were detected in ethanol and methanol extracts. Enzyme inhibition of the propolis samples were determined against the human glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). IC50 values of MEP1, MEP2, and MEP3 samples against the ACE were found as 13.9 μg/mL, 14.8 μg/mL, and 12.8 μg/mL, while against the GST IC50 values of MEP1, MEP2, and MEP3 samples were as 5.92 μg/mL, 9.49 μg/mL, and 5.72 μg/mL. To know the possible causes of the biological test results advanced LC/MS/MS method was applied. trans‐ferulic acid, kaempferol, and chrysin were found as the most abundant phenolic compounds in each sample. The propolis extracts obtained using the proper solvent have a good potential to be used in pharmaceuticals to treat the diseases related to oxidative damage, hypertension, and inflammation. Finally, the interactions between chrysin, trans‐ferulic acid and kaempferol molecules with ACE and GST receptors were analyzed using molecular docking study. Selected molecules interact with active residues by binding to the active site of the receptors.
Development of an efficient method for selection of stable cell pools for protein expression and surface display with Expi293F cells
Authors: Chen Chuan , Wang Zening , Sun Zehua , Li Wei , Dimitrov Dimiter S.
Published: March 2023

Compare with transient expression, stable cell lines generally have higher productivity and better quality for protein expression. However, selection of stable cell line is time‐consuming and laborious. Here we describe an optimized selection method to achieve high‐efficient stable cell pools with Expi293F suspension cells. This method only takes 2–3 weeks to generate stable cell pools with 2‐ to 10‐fold higher productivity than transient gene expression (TGE). In fed‐batch culture with Yeastolate, >1 g/L yield was achieved with our KTN0239‐IgG stable cell pool in shaker flasks. This method can be also applied to efficiently display proteins on the cell surface.
Resorc[4]arene Modifiers for Supramolecular Site‐Directed Immobilization of Antibodies on Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Polli Francesca , Cianfoni Gabriele , Elnahas Rem , Mangiardi Laura , Scaramuzzo Francesca A. , Cammarone Silvia , Quaglio Deborah , Calcaterra Andrea , Pierini Marco , Mazzei Franco , Zanoni Robertino , Botta Bruno , Ghirga Francesca
Published: March 2023

One of the main problems in developing immunosensors featuring carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is immobilizing antibodies (Abs) onto the CNT surface to afford selective binding to target antigens (Ags). In this work, we developed a practical supramolecular Ab conjugation strategy based on resorc[4]arene modifiers. To improve the Ab orientation on the CNTs surface and optimizing the Ab/Ag interaction, we exploited the host‐guest approach by synthesizing two newly resorc[4]arene linkers R1 and R2 via well‐established procedures. The upper rim was decorated with eight methoxyl groups to promote selective recognition of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of the Ab. Moreover, the lower rim was functionalized with 3‐bromopropyloxy or 3‐azidopropiloxy substituents to bind the macrocycles on the multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) surface. Accordingly, several chemical modifications of MWCNTs were evaluated. After the morphological and electrochemical characterization of nanomaterials, the resorc[4]arene‐modified MWCNTs were deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode surface to evaluate their potential applicability for label‐free immunosensor development. The most promising system showed an improved electrode active area (AEL) of almost 20 % and a site‐oriented immobilization of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein S1 antibody (Ab‐SPS1). The developed immunosensor revealed a good sensitivity (23.64 μA mL ng−1 cm−2) towards the SPS1 antigen and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.01 ng mL−1.
Capturing Covalent Catalytic Intermediates by Enzyme Mutants: Recent Advances in Methodologies and Applications
Authors: Wang Yongchao , Tang Shan
Published: March 2023

Covalent catalytic intermediates provide valuable information for revealing the catalytic mechanism, probing the enzyme activity and identifying substrate specificity. However, naturally formed covalent intermediates are too rapidly degraded for general biological studies. In order to capture transient covalent intermediates, a variety of chemical strategies have been developed over decades to extend the half‐life of the enzyme‐substrate intermediates (or close analogues) required for the downstream structural and functional studies. This review summarizes three general mechanism‐based strategies for trapping covalent catalytic intermediates. In particular, enzyme mutant‐based approaches, especially the introduction of genetically encoded 2,3‐diaminopropionic acid to replace the catalytic cysteine/serine in proteases for acyl‐enzyme intermediate trapping are described. In addition, the applications of trapped intermediates in structural, functional and protein labeling studies are presented, and the potential new directions of using enzyme substrate traps are discussed at the end of the review.