bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationships between satisfaction with life, posttraumatic growth, coping strategies, and resilience in cancer survivors: A network analysis approach
Authors: Adamkovič Matúš , Fedáková Denisa , Kentoš Michal , Bozogáňová Miroslava , Havrillová Dominika , Baník Gabriel , Dědová Mária , Piterová Ivana
Published: May 2022

Objective

Cancer survivors' satisfaction with life should be seen through the psychological factors related to a person's capabilities to face and handle the situation. This study aimed to (1) examine the relationships of satisfaction with life, posttraumatic growth, resilience and coping strategies in a global network model, (2) find the bridge indicators between satisfaction with life and the other constructs, and (3) test for the invariance of the network structures across several moderating variables.

Methods

In a heterogeneous sample of 696 cancer survivors (69% female; mean age = 53.1 ± 15.44 years; median time from being diagnosed = 4 years; breast cancer was the most frequent type of cancer) their satisfaction with life, resilience, coping strategies and posttraumatic growth was measured. In order to account for their complexity, the relationships between the constructs were explored using a network analysis approach.

Results

The network analysis shows that satisfaction with life is strongly connected to resilience, moderately connected to coping strategies, and has a weak connection with posttraumatic growth. In the separate networks, the relationships between the psychological constructs were examined in greater detail. Besides some exceptions observed in the degree of disability, the networks were invariant across gender, age, years since being diagnosed, cancer type and treatment type.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that interventions focused on cancer survivors' coping strategies and resilience could help increase their satisfaction with life. However, further replication of the proposed and/or modified model is needed.
A descriptive study of commercial herbal dietary supplements used for dyslipidemia—Sales data and suspected adverse reactions
Authors: Allkanjari Olta , Menniti‐Ippolito Francesca , Ippoliti Ilaria , Di Giacomo Silvia , Piccioni Tito , Vitalone Annabella
Published: May 2022

Herbal dietary supplements (HDS) used for dyslipidemia represent a category of concern in Italy for suspected adverse reactions (ARs). However, we cannot estimate their safety, as we do not know their commercial profile. Sales data of HDS, and particularly, those used for dyslipidemia, were monitored for 2 years in two pharmacies of Rome. Meanwhile, spontaneous reports of suspected ARs potentially related to dyslipidemia supplements were collected by the Italian Phytovigilance System. The 50% of the total dietary supplements are herbal‐derived; the 9% of HDS are recommended for dyslipidemia. From our data, 113 different brands have claims for improving lipids profile and 91% of them are multiingredient preparations. Fifteen spontaneous reports of suspected ARs concerned HDS used, for dyslipidemia. The most frequent ARs were joint, abdominal, and muscles pain; vomiting; erythema and hematological disorders; nausea; and rhabdomyolysis. Our findings point out the limited compliance of commercial dyslipidemia‐HDS and scientific research about their intrinsic safety. A wide range of ingredients could not support the risk/benefit profile of the supplement. The variable compositions of HDS do not assure the safety, as they do not support the reproducibility of their pharmacological activities. This study could contribute to optimize consumer guidance about what they purchase and consume.
CXCL10 levels in diagnosis and improved hemodynamics in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension undergoing balloon pulmonary angioplasty
Authors: Hong Cheng , Lu Jianmin , Chen Riken , Liu Haimin , Chen Haiming , Wu Xiaofeng , Guo Wenliang , Huang Zijie , Liao Huizhao
Published: May 2022

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a progressive pulmonary vascular disease characterized by pulmonary artery stenosis or obstructions resulting from insufficient thrombus resolution. Chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) is a chemokine that contributes to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases and cancers. The present study aims to investigate the levels of CXCL10 in patients with CTEPH throughout balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) and its correlation with the improvement of pulmonary hemodynamics. Plasma CXCL10 levels were measured in 38 CTEPH patients with 100 BPA sessions and in 28 healthy controls. Correlations between CXCL10 and pulmonary hemodynamics were investigated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to display the diagnostic value and the predictive ability for perioperative complications of CXCL10 and CXCL10‐related models. Nomograms were plotted to visualize the diagnostic value and the predictive ability for perioperative complications of CXCL10 and CXCL10‐related models. CXCL10 levels are higher in CTEPH patients compared with healthy controls (36.5 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 25.0–51.1] vs. 14.8 [95% CI: 11.1–30.9], p < 0.0001) and decreased significantly after BPA treatment (36.5 [95% CI: 25.0–51.1] vs. 24.7 [95% CI: 17.2–36.6], p < 0.0005). Preoperative CXCL10 levels positively correlated with mean right atrial pressure (r = 0.25), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP; r = 0.28), diastolic PAP (r = 0.33), mean PAP (r = 0.36), pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.31), and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP; r = 0.46). Furthermore, plasma CXCL10 levels adjusting for age and sex displayed a sensitivity of 86.0% and a specificity of 67.9% for discriminating CTEPH patients from healthy controls. Preoperative CXCL10 levels, in combination with NT‐proBNP, predicted perioperative complications with a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 46.9% as displayed in ROC analysis. In conclusion, circulating CXCL10 might contribute to the evaluation of disease severity in CTEPH patients and be useful to evaluate the treatment effect of BPA. Future studies are warranted to further study the relationship between pulmonary hemodynamics and circulating CXCL10.
Adaptive event‐triggered H∞ state estimation of semi‐Markovian jump neural networks with randomly occurred sensor nonlinearity
Authors: Lu Hongqian , Xu Yao , Song Xingxing , Zhou Wuneng
Published: May 2022

This article mainly discusses the problem for adaptive event‐triggered H state estimation of semi‐Markovian jump neural networks (s‐MJNNs) subject to random sensor nonlinearity. To reduce the communication load, adaptive event‐triggered scheme (AETS) is introduced to decide whether to transmit sampled data or not. Also, considering the possible sensor nonlinearity, a new estimation error model is established under the framework of AETS. An appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) containing the proposed adaptive event trigger condition is constructed, and sufficient conditions are obtained to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the estimation error system. Then, through a set of feasible linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), the co‐design method of estimator and AETS is proposed. Finally, the feasibility of this paper is proved by three numerical examples.
Effects of different management measures on soil conservation and the influence of environmental conditions: a case study involving UAV remote sensing on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Guo Xingjian , Shao Quanqin , Luo Ying
Published: May 2022

To curb further deterioration due to soil erosion, the Chinese government has successively implemented a series of ecological improvement projects across the Loess Plateau (LP). This study used unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing combined with the revised universal soil loss equation to quantitatively evaluate the soil conservation rate (SR) under 10 management measures and further incorporated the topographic slope into the analysis to describe the impacts of terrain changes. The results showed that the average SR of plots under artificial management measures was 61.24 ± 0.004% (P < 0.01), whereas that under non‐artificial measures was 47.90 ± 0.007% (P < 0.01), which showed that human activities on the LP beneficially improved the SR. In addition, benefiting from the Grain to Green Project, cultivated fields, and economic forests exist only in areas with gentle slopes, and both these areas experience almost no threat of soil loss. A terraced structure exerts an obvious effect on extremely steep slopes (>40°), and a greater slope is associated with a more evident effect. However, the risk of structural failure also increases. In addition, due to restricted water conditions, the effects of existing soil and water conservation measures that use tree planting as the main method have the characteristics of horizontal and vertical zonation differentiation. Valley bottom and semi‐humid areas are more profitable, and other areas are more suitable for planting drought‐tolerant shrubs. In addition to guiding the deployment of future soil and water conservation measures, this study can provide a theoretical basis for adjusting the existing low‐efficiency measures.
Catch me if you can? Staggered inevitable disclosure doctrine (IDD) rejection and entrepreneurial activity in the US
Authors: Patel Pankaj C. , Devaraj Srikant
Published: May 2022

Research Summary

Inevitable disclosure doctrine (IDD) refers to a legal doctrine where an employer can claim, without the need for proof or evidence, misappropriation of trade secrets to seek an injunction against an employee. Based on entrepreneurial spawning literature, for employees seeking to start their ventures, IDD rejection by state courts could therefore be a potential catalyst to entrepreneurial activity. In a sample of neighbor‐counties across state borders with and without IDD rejection, the two‐way fixed‐effects difference‐in‐differences estimates show positive effects for county‐level entrepreneurial outcomes. However, when applying more recently developed methods for testing staggered implementation, we find no support for county‐level entrepreneurial outcomes across multiple specifications and heterogeneities. The findings have implications for the limited efficacy of IDD rejection on regional entrepreneurial activity.

Managerial Summary

The value of protecting trade secrets is important for employers, and the role of laws in preventing employees from potentially disclosing their trade secrets is widely studied. One such legal doctrine is the inevitable disclosure doctrine (IDD) where an employer can claim, without the need for proof or evidence, misappropriation of trade secrets to seek an injunction against an employee. We find that IDD rejections by courts have a limited effect on the formation of startups in a county. The findings imply that investors are less encumbered by IDD rejections by courts and that policymakers may not find IDD rejections as a useful mechanism to prime local entrepreneurship.
Orthogonal array composite designs for drug combination experiments with applications for tuberculosis
Authors: Luna Jose , Jaynes Jessica , Xu Hongquan , Wong Weng Kee
Published: May 2022

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the orthogonal array composite design (OACD) methodology, illustrate the various advantages, and provide a real‐world application. An OACD combines a two‐level factorial design with a three‐level orthogonal array and it can be used as an alternative to existing composite designs for building response surface models. We compare the ‐efficiencies of OACDs relative to the commonly used central composite design (CCD) when there are a few missing observations and demonstrate that OACDs are more robust to missing observations for two scenarios. The first scenario assumes one missing observation either from one factorial point or one additional point. The second scenario assumes two missing observations either from two factorial points or from two additional points, or from one factorial point and one additional point. Furthermore, we compare OACDs and CCDs in terms of ‐optimality for precise predictions. Lastly, a real‐world application of an OACD for a tuberculosis drug combination study is provided.
Time‐Resolved SAXS Study of Polarity‐ and Surfactant‐Controlled Superlattice Transformations of Oleate‐Capped Nanocubes During Solvent Removal
Authors: Lv Zhong‐Peng , Kapuscinski Martin , Járvás Gábor , Yu Shun , Bergström Lennart
Published: May 2022

Structural transformations and lattice expansion of oleate‐capped iron oxide nanocube superlattices are studied by time‐resolved small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) during solvent removal. The combination of conductor‐like screening model for real solvents (COSMO‐RS) theory with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling provides information on the solvent composition and polarity during droplet evaporation. Evaporation‐driven poor‐solvent enrichment in the presence of free oleic acid results in the formation of superlattices with a tilted face‐centered cubic (fcc) structure when the polarity reaches its maximum. The tilted fcc lattice expands subsequently during the removal of the poor solvent and eventually transforms to a regular simple cubic (sc) lattice during the final evaporation stage when only free oleic acid remains. Comparative studies show that both the increase in polarity as the poor solvent is enriched and the presence of a sufficient amount of added oleic acid is required to promote the formation of structurally diverse superlattices with large domain sizes.
Interface Coordination Stabilizing Reversible Redox of Zinc for High‐Performance Zinc‐Iodine Batteries
Authors: Chen Song , Chen Qianwu , Ma Jizhen , Wang Jianjun , Hui Kwan San , Zhang Jintao
Published: May 2022

Aqueous Zn batteries (AZBs) have attracted extensive attention due to good safety, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental benignity. However, the sluggish kinetics of divalent zinc ion and the growth of Zn dendrites severely deteriorate the cycling stability and specific capacity. The authors demonstrate modulation of the interfacial redox process of zinc via the dynamic coordination chemistry of phytic acid with zinc ions. The experimental results and theoretical calculation reveal that the in‐situ formation of such inorganic–organic films as a dynamic solid‐electrolyte interlayer is efficient to buffer the zinc ion transfer via the energy favorable coordinated hopping mechanism for the reversible zinc redox reactions. Especially, along the interfacial coating layer with porous channel structure is able to regulate the solvation structure of zinc ions along the dynamic coordination of the phytic acid skeleton, efficiently inhibiting the surface corrosion of zinc and dendrite growth. Therefore, the resultant Zn anode achieves low voltage hysteresis and long cycle life at rigorous charge and discharge circulation for fabricating highly robust rechargeable batteries. Such an advanced strategy for modulating ion transport demonstrates a highly promising approach to addressing the basic challenges for zinc‐based rechargeable batteries, which can potentially be extended to other aqueous batteries.
H2‐Inhibited Organic Anodes for Fast and Long‐Life Aqueous Aluminum Ion Batteries with a 3.5‐Month Calendar Life
Authors: Wang Donghong , Li Qing , Ying Wang , Han Cuiping , Wang Yu , Zhao Yuwei , Li Hongfei , Zhi Chunyi
Published: May 2022

Aqueous aluminum ion batteries are rarely constructed due to the unworkable Al metal and the preferential H2 evolution. Herein, organic anode with H2‐inhibition is optimized through tuning the polymerization degree and displays a high‐rate and reversible storage of Al ions based on an enolation between Al ions and the carbonyl double bonds on the conjugated structures. The superiority of the optimal sample is researched, which is attributed to the raised state of lowest unoccupied molecule orbital (LUMO) with the doner N–N bridge and relatively small steric hindrance of the dimmer. When paired with active carbon, a high cycling life of 5000 cycles with a retention of 99.2% is obtained. A full battery constructed by this dimer and δ‐MnO2 cathode delivers an average voltage of 1.0 V, high capacity of 263.8 mAh g‐1 based on the mass of δ‐MnO2, and high‐capacity retention of 88.8% after cycling for 300 cycles. More importantly, with a fully eliminated corrosion and passivation in AlCl3 and Al2(SO4)3 electrolytes, a long calendar stability of 104 days is achieved.
Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Mediated Assembly of High‐Order DNA Nano‐Architectures
Authors: Yin Jue , Xie Mo , Wang Junke , Cui Meirong , Zhu Dan , Su Shao , Fan Chunhai , Chao Jie , Li Qian , Wang Lianhui
Published: May 2022

Constructing high‐order DNA nano‐architectures in large sizes is of critical significance for the application of DNA nanotechnology. Robust and flexible design strategies together with easy protocols to construct high‐order large‐size DNA nano‐architectures remain highly desirable. In this work, the authors report a simple and versatile one‐pot strategy to fabricate DNA architectures with the assistance of spherical gold nanoparticles modified with thiolated oligonucleotide strands (SH‐DNA‐AuNPs), which serve as “power strips” to connect various DNA nanostructures carrying complementary ssDNA strands as “plugs”. By modulating the plug numbers and positions on each DNA nanostructure and the ratios between DNA nanostructures and AuNPs, the desired architectures are formed via the stochastic co‐assembly of different modules. This SH‐DNA‐AuNP‐mediated plug‐in assembly (SAMPA) strategy offers new opportunities to drive macroscopic self‐assembly to meet the demand of the fabrication of well‐defined nanomaterials and nanodevices.
Atomically Dispersed Fe–N3C Sites Induce Asymmetric Electron Structures to Afford Superior Oxygen Reduction Activity
Authors: Tong Miaomiao , Yu Peng , Xie Ying , Wang Lei , Wang Ying , Fu Honggang
Published: May 2022

Introducing heteroatoms into atomically dispersed Fe–N4 sites with symmetric electron distribution can adjust the imperfect oxygenated adsorption‐activation and promote oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. However, the relevant design synthesis and deeply understanding the electrocatalytic mechanism of such an asymmetric structure by introducing Fe–C coordination remains challenging. Herein, the structural stability of Fe–NxCy (x = 0 ≈ 4, y = 4–x) is first theoretically predicted and indicates that the energy of Fe–N4 in the two most stable structures is greater than that of Fe–N3C. Subsequently, Fe–N4 and Fe–N3C configurations are controlled synthesized by adjusting pyrolytic temperature. The Fe–N3C‐based electrocatalyst displays a boosted ORR activity with a half‐wave potential of 0.91 V and superior long‐term stability, outperforming Fe–N4, Pt/C, and state‐of‐the‐art noble metal‐free electrocatalysts. Density functional theory calculations unveil that Fe–N3C is much more favorable for electron delocalization than Fe–N4. Furthermore, the residual Zn atom derived from ZIF‐8 would give its d‐orbit electron to the Fe atom, so the synergy between Fe–N3C and Zn–N4 makes an enhanced ORR activity.
Extension of the fib MC 2010 for basic and drying shrinkage of alkali‐activated slag concretes
Authors: Caron Richard , Patel Ravi A. , Dehn Frank
Published: May 2022

Alkali‐activated slag is an alternative to ordinary Portland cement that has been studied for the past 20 years. One of the main challenges for its practical use is understanding and controlling its shrinkage behavior. In this study, new experimental results for two alkali‐activated slag concrete mixes are presented under both sealed and unsealed conditions. The results show that basic shrinkage increases with increased sodium silicate ratio. Under unsealed conditions, the age to exposure to drying has a most significant impact on the final drying shrinkage. Finally, the mechanisms explaining shrinkage of such materials are discussed and thefib Model Code 2010 is extended for alkali‐activated slag concrete using the new experimental results. The extended model consists of four parameters influencing the final values and the speed of both basic shrinkage and drying shrinkage. It is extensively compared with experimental datasets from the literature and improves significantly predictions compared with the original models for both basic and drying shrinkage. This demonstrates clearly the feasibility to extend it for predicting shrinkage of alkali‐activated slag concrete.
Long noncoding RNA TDRG1 aggravates doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy by binding with miR‐873‐5p to upregulate PRKAR2
Authors: Liu Yihang , Tan Linlin , Zhang Ming , Yang Chuang
Published: May 2022

Doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a life‐threatening event. The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported with close associations with DCM, which may provide novel insight into pathophysiological mechanisms of DCM. DCM rat model and cell models were established using doxorubicin. Echocardiography analyses were performed to assess cardiac function. We found that testis developmental‐related gene 1 (TDRG1) expression was upregulated in DCM rats and in doxorubicin‐treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). TDRG1 knockdown enhanced cell viability, promoted tube formation, and inhibited apoptosis of doxorubicin‐treated HUVECs. Additionally, knockdown of TDRG1 alleviated cardiac injury in DCM rats. Mechanistically, miR‐873‐5p was identified to bind with TDRG1. In addition, protein kinase cAMP‐dependent type II regulatory subunit alpha (PRKAR2) was confirmed to bind with miR‐873‐5p as a target mRNA. MiR‐873‐5p negatively regulated PRKAR2 mRNA and protein levels. At last, rescue assays indicated that the overexpression of PRKAR2 restored the effect of TDRG1 knockdown on doxorubicin‐treated HUVEC angiogenesis and apoptosis. To conclude, TDRG1 aggravates DCM progression by binding with miR‐873‐5p to upregulate PRKAR2. This work suggested the potential of TDRG1 as a target for DCM treatment.
Antitumor activity of pachymic acid in cervical cancer through inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activating the AMPK pathway
Authors: Yang Ting , Tian Sijuan , Wang Yaohui , Ji Jing , Zhao Juan
Published: May 2022

Pachymic acid has various pharmacological effects, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitumor. However, the role of pachymic acid in cervical cancer remains unclear. So, we investigated the effects of pachymic acid in cervical cancer and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. We treated HeLa cells and normal cervical epithelial cells (HUCECs) with pachymic acid (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, or 160 μM) for 72 h, and found the cell activity was decreased in cells treated with 160 μM pachymic acid for 48 h or 80 μM pachymic acid for 72 h, while HUCECs viability without effect. Next, we observed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) related gene expression, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes, ATP depletion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis were increased. Moreover, we observed that cytochrome C (Cytc) expression was increased and apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) was decreased in the cytoplasm of pachymic acid‐treated HeLa cells. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) of ER stress inhibitor reversed the effects of pachymic acid on HeLa cells. Phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) of the AMPK pathway key protein was upregulated in pachymic acid‐induced HeLa cells. Finally, we subcutaneously implanted HeLa cells into female nude mice and treated them with pachymic acid (50 mg/kg) for 3 weeks (5 days/week), and observed in pachymic acid induced xenograft mice, tumor growth was suppressed, cell apoptosis, ER‐related gene expression, and ROS levels in tumor tissues were increased. Therefore, these findings demonstrated that pachymic acid plays an anti‐tumor activity in cervical cancer through inducing ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activating the AMPK pathway.
Expert perspectives on the wind plant of the future
Authors: Beiter Philipp , Rand Joseph T. , Seel Joachim , Lantz Eric , Gilman Patrick , Wiser Ryan
Published: May 2022

Wind power technology has changed rapidly in recent years. Technology innovation, evolving power markets, and competing land and ocean uses continue to influence the design and operation of wind turbines and plants. Anticipating these trends and their impact on future facilities can inform commercial strategies and research priorities. Drawing from a recent survey of 140 of the world's foremost wind experts, we identify expectations of future wind plant design in 2035, both for onshore and offshore wind. Experts anticipate continued growth in turbine size, to 5.5 (onshore) and 17 MW (offshore), with plants located in increasingly less favorable wind and siting regimes. They expect plant sizes of 1,100 MW for fixed‐bottom and 600 MW for floating offshore wind. Experts forecast enhanced grid‐system value from wind through significant to widespread use of larger rotors, hybrid projects with batteries and hydrogen production, and more. To explain experts' perspectives on future plant design and operation, we identify five mechanisms: economies of unit, plant, and resource scale; grid‐system value economies; and production efficiencies. We characterize learning effects as a moderating influence on the strength of these mechanisms. In combination, experts predict that these design choices support levelized cost of energy reductions of 27% (onshore) and 17%–35% (floating and fixed‐bottom offshore) by 2035 compared to today, while enhancing wind energy's grid service offerings. Our findings provide a much‐needed benchmark for representing future wind technologies in power sector models and address a critical research gap by explaining the economics behind wind energy design choices.
Emerging experience with selected new categories in the ICD‐11: complex PTSD, prolonged grief disorder, gaming disorder, and compulsive sexual behaviour disorder
Authors: Reed Geoffrey M. , First Michael B. , Billieux Joël , Cloitre Marylene , Briken Peer , Achab Sophia , Brewin Chris R. , King Daniel L. , Kraus Shane W. , Bryant Richard A.
Published: May 2022

Among the important changes in the ICD‐11 is the addition of 21 new mental disorders. New categories are typically proposed to: a) improve the usefulness of morbidity statistics; b) facilitate recognition of a clinically important but poorly classified mental disorder in order to provide appropriate management; and c) stimulate research into more effective treatments. Given the major implications for the field and for World Health Organization (WHO) member states, it is important to examine the impact of these new categories during the early phase of the ICD‐11 implementation. This paper focuses on four disorders: complex post‐traumatic stress disorder, prolonged grief disorder, gaming disorder, and compulsive sexual behaviour disorder. These categories were selected because they have been the focus of considerable activity and/or controversy and because their inclusion in the ICD‐11 represents a different decision than was made for the DSM‐5. The lead authors invited experts on each of these disorders to provide insight into why it was considered important to add it to the ICD‐11, implications for care of not having that diagnostic category, important controversies about adding the disorder, and a review of the evidence generated and other developments related to the category since the WHO signaled its intention to include it in the ICD‐11. Each of the four diagnostic categories appears to describe a population with clinically important and distinctive features that had previously gone unrecognized as well as specific treatment needs that would otherwise likely go unmet. The introduction of these categories in the ICD‐11 has been followed by a substantial expansion of research in each area, which has generally supported their validity and utility, and by a significant increase in the availability of appropriate services.
Oral and long‐acting antipsychotics for relapse prevention in schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders: a network meta‐analysis of 92 randomized trials including 22,645 participants
Authors: Ostuzzi Giovanni , Bertolini Federico , Tedeschi Federico , Vita Giovanni , Brambilla Paolo , del Fabro Lorenzo , Gastaldon Chiara , Papola Davide , Purgato Marianna , Nosari Guido , Del Giovane Cinzia , Correll Christoph U. , Barbui Corrado
Published: May 2022

According to current evidence and guidelines, continued antipsychotic treatment is key for preventing relapse in people with schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders, but evidence‐based recommendations for the choice of the individual antipsychotic for maintenance treatment are lacking. Although oral antipsychotics are often prescribed first line for practical reasons, long‐acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are a valuable resource to tackle adherence issues since the earliest phase of disease. Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL and CINAHL databases and online registers were searched to identify randomized controlled trials comparing LAIs or oral antipsychotics head‐to‐head or against placebo, published until June 2021. Relative risks and standardized mean differences were pooled using random‐effects pairwise and network meta‐analysis. The primary outcomes were relapse and dropout due to adverse events. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to assess study quality, and the CINeMA approach to assess the confidence of pooled estimates. Of 100 eligible trials, 92 (N=22,645) provided usable data for meta‐analyses. Regarding relapse prevention, the vast majority of the 31 included treatments outperformed placebo. Compared to placebo, “high” confidence in the results was found for (in descending order of effect magnitude) amisulpride‐oral (OS), olanzapine‐OS, aripiprazole‐LAI, olanzapine‐LAI, aripiprazole‐OS, paliperidone‐OS, and ziprasidone‐OS. “Moderate” confidence in the results was found for paliperidone‐LAI 1‐monthly, iloperidone‐OS, fluphenazine‐OS, brexpiprazole‐OS, paliperidone‐LAI 1‐monthly, asenapine‐OS, haloperidol‐OS, quetiapine‐OS, cariprazine‐OS, and lurasidone‐OS. Regarding tolerability, none of the antipsychotics was significantly worse than placebo, but confidence was poor, with only aripiprazole (both LAI and OS) showing “moderate” confidence levels. Based on these findings, olanzapine, aripiprazole and paliperidone are the best choices for the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders, considering that both LAI and oral formulations of these antipsychotics are among the best‐performing treatments and have the highest confidence of evidence for relapse prevention. This finding is of particular relevance for low‐ and middle‐income countries and constrained‐resource settings, where few medications may be selected. Results from this network meta‐analysis can inform clinical guidelines and national and international drug regulation policies.
Reappraising the variability of effects of antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia: a meta‐analysis
Authors: McCutcheon Robert A. , Pillinger Toby , Efthimiou Orestis , Maslej Marta , Mulsant Benoit H. , Young Allan H. , Cipriani Andrea , Howes Oliver D.
Published: May 2022

It is common experience for practising psychiatrists that individuals with schizophrenia vary markedly in their symptomatic response to antipsychotic medication. What is not clear, however, is whether this variation reflects variability of medication‐specific effects (also called “treatment effect heterogeneity”), as opposed to variability of non‐specific effects such as natural symptom fluctuation or placebo response. Previous meta‐analyses found no evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity, suggesting that a “one size fits all” approach may be appropriate and that efforts at developing personalized treatment strategies for schizophrenia are unlikely to succeed. Recent advances indicate, however, that earlier approaches may have been unable to accurately quantify treatment effect heterogeneity due to their neglect of a key parameter: the correlation between placebo response and medication‐specific effects. In the present paper, we address this shortcoming by using individual patient data and study‐level data to estimate that correlation and quantitatively characterize antipsychotic treatment effect heterogeneity in schizophrenia. Individual patient data (on 384 individuals who were administered antipsychotic treatment and 88 who received placebo) were obtained from the Yale University Open Data Access (YODA) database. ﻿Study‐level data were obtained from a meta‐analysis of 66 clinical trials including 17,202 patients. Both individual patient and study‐level analyses yielded a negative correlation between placebo response and treatment effect for the total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) (ρ=–0.32, p=0.002 and ρ=–0.39, p<0.001, respectively). Using the most conservative of these estimates, a meta‐analysis of treatment effect heterogeneity provided evidence of a marked variability in antipsychotic‐specific effects between individuals with schizophrenia, with the top quartile of patients experiencing beneficial treatment effects of 17.7 points or more on the PANSS total score, while the bottom quartile presented a detrimental effect of treatment relative to placebo. This evidence of clinically meaningful treatment effect heterogeneity suggests that efforts to personalize antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia have potential for success.
Positionierung und Profilierung als dynamische Prozesse
Authors: Esposito Raffaella Simona
Published: May 2022

Zussamenfasang

Nachdem die Positionierung und Profilierung der FMS Gesundheit neben der BGB FaGe und im Vergleich zu dieser auf der Sekundarstufe II aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven dargestellt und damit verbunden auch Spannungsfelder zwischen den beiden Ausbildungsprogrammen skizziert wurden, wird im vorliegenden Kapitel das dynamische Element der Positionierung und Profilierung von Ausbildungsprogrammen verdeutlicht. Die Unabgeschlossenheit von Positionierungs- und Profilierungsprozessen wird mithilfe zweier Beispiele verdeutlicht: Zum einen wird hierfür die zunehmende naturwissenschaftliche Ausrichtung der FMS Gesundheit (Abschn. 8.1) und zum anderen wird die Einführung eines neuen Zulassungsverfahrens für die FMS im Kanton Basel-Landschaft thematisiert (Abschn. 8.2).
Fazit und Ausblick
Authors: Esposito Raffaella Simona
Published: May 2022

Im vorliegenden abschließenden Kapitel werden zunächst die beiden Hauptfragen dieser Studie zur Positionierung und Profilierung der FMS Gesundheit neben der und im Vergleich zur BGB FaGe beantwortet. Anschließend wird die im Titel der Studie aufgeworfene Frage nach der Andersartigkeit und Gleichwertigkeit der FMS Gesundheit im Vergleich zur BGB FaGe diskutiert. Nach der Einordnung der zentralen Ergebnisse in den bisherigen Forschungsstand erfolgt eine kritische Reflexion des Forschungsprozesses sowie der Grenzen der Studie. Als Ausblick werden schließlich Forschungsdesiderata und bildungspolitische Implikationen formuliert.
B → D1(2420) and B → $$ {\mathrm{D}}_1^{\prime } $$(2430) form factors from QCD light-cone sum rules
Authors: Gubernari Nico , Khodjamirian Alexander , Mandal Rusa , Mannel Thomas
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We perform the first calculation of form factors in the semileptonic decays B → D1(2420)ℓνℓ and B → $$ {D}_1^{\prime } $$

D
1
′

(2430)ℓνℓ using QCD light-cone sum rules (LCSRs) with B-meson distribution amplitudes. In this calculation the c-quark mass is finite. Analytical expressions for two-particle contributions up to twist four are obtained. To disentangle the D1 and $$ {D}_1^{\prime } $$

D
1
′

contributions in the LCSRs, we suggest a novel approach that introduces a combination of two interpolating currents for these charmed mesons. To fix all the parameters in the LCSRs, we use the two-point QCD sum rules for the decay constants of D1 and $$ {D}_1^{\prime } $$

D
1
′

mesons augmented by a single experimental input, that is the B → D1(2420)ℓνℓ decay width. We provide numerical results for all B → D1 and B → $$ {D}_1^{\prime } $$

D
1
′

form factors. As a byproduct, we also obtain the D1- and $$ {D}_1^{\prime } $$

D
1
′

-meson decay constants and predict the lepton-flavour universality ratios R(D1) and R($$ {D}_1^{\prime } $$

D
1
′

).
Two-loop non-planar hexa-box integrals with one massive leg
Authors: Kardos Adam , Papadopoulos Costas G. , Smirnov Alexander V. , Syrrakos Nikolaos , Wever Christopher
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Based on the Simplified Differential Equations approach, we present results for the two-loop non-planar hexa-box families of master integrals. We introduce a new approach to obtain the boundary terms and establish a one-dimensional integral representation of the master integrals in terms of Generalised Polylogarithms, when the alphabet contains non-factorisable square roots. The results are relevant to the study of NNLO QCD corrections for W, Z and Higgs-boson production in association with two hadronic jets.
Bounds on new physics with data of the Dresden-II reactor experiment and COHERENT
Authors: Coloma Pilar , Esteban Ivan , Gonzalez-Garcia M. C. , Larizgoitia Leire , Monrabal Francesc , Palomares-Ruiz Sergio
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering was first experimentally established five years ago by the COHERENT experiment using neutrinos from the spallation neutron source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The first evidence of observation of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with reactor antineutrinos has now been reported by the Dresden-II reactor experiment, using a germanium detector. In this paper, we present constraints on a variety of beyond the Standard Model scenarios using the new Dresden-II data. In particular, we explore the constraints imposed on neutrino non-standard interactions, neutrino magnetic moments, and several models with light scalar or light vector mediators. We also quantify the impact of their combination with COHERENT (CsI and Ar) data. In doing so, we highlight the synergies between spallation neutron source and nuclear reactor experiments regarding beyond the Standard Model searches, as well as the advantages of combining data obtained with different nuclear targets. We also study the possible signal from beyond the Standard Model scenarios due to elastic scattering off electrons (which would pass selection cuts of the COHERENT CsI and the Dresden-II experiments) and find more stringent constraints in certain parts of the parameter space than those obtained considering coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering.
Same sign trilepton as signature of charged Higgs in two Higgs doublet model
Authors: Mondal Tanmoy , Sanyal Prasenjit
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We explored the prospect of looking for a fermiophobic charged Higgs (H±) via the same sign trilepton signal at the LHC. A fermiophobic scenario appears in the type-I two Higgs doublet model where the coupling of the H± with the Standard Model fermions is inversely proportional to tan β. Almost all the experimental searches rely on the fermionic production and decay of the charged Higgs. Consequently, the limit on H± for fermiophobic scenarios is non-existent unless tan β is small. We show that for a fermiophobic case, the electroweak production of H± is dominant for most of the parameter space. Subsequent bosonic decay of the charged and neutral Higgses give rise to the same sign trilepton signal. With a thorough phenomenological analysis, we demonstrate that the same sign trilepton signal can be an excellent complementary search to explore the high tan β regions.
Searching for BSM physics in Yukawa couplings and flavour symmetries
Authors: Alonso-González J. , de Giorgi A. , Merlo L. , Pokorski S.
Published: May 2022

Abstract

In the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory, we compare the lower bounds on the scale of new physics possibly contributing to the $$ f\overline{f}h $$
f

f
¯

h
effective couplings, obtained from the measurements of different observables, under the assumption that the Wilson coefficients of the relevant dim 6 operators respect certain flavour structure: either the Minimal Flavour Violation (MFV) ansatz or a flavour symmetry, often invoked to explain the observed pattern of fermion masses and mixings. We perform a global analysis of the bounds following from the limits on the diagonal couplings measured in the Higgs boson production and decays at the LHC experiments. Another set of bounds is obtained from the limits on non-diagonal couplings constrained by the variety of flavour changing neutral current (FCNC) and radiative decay processes. With the present precision of the LHC data, the FCNC data give stronger bounds on the scale of new physics than the collider data (obviously, for the MFV ansatz only collider data are relevant): once the Wilson coefficients respect some flavour structure, the obtained bounds are in the TeV range. In the quark case, these limits are compatible with a few percent deviations from the SM Yukawa couplings and only mildly more stringent than those obtained from the available collider data. For leptons, instead, the FCNC bounds are stronger and then a signal in the near future collider data would mean the violation of the flavour symmetry or indicate the presence of additional beyond the Standard Model contributions, affecting the flavour observables, that leads to cancellations.
A Note on Gauged Baby Skyrmions
Authors: Greco Carlo
Published: May 2022

In this paper we study a gauged version of the two dimensional Skyrme model of nuclear physics; the field configurations are couples (u, A), where $$u:{\mathbb {R}}^2\rightarrow S^2$$

u
:

R

2

→

S
2

is a map constant at infinity, which can be classified by its topological degree, and $$A:{\mathbb {R}}^2\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^2$$

A
:

R

2

→

R

2

is the gauge field. We prove the existence of rotationally symmetric field configurations which minimize the gauged Skyrme energy on every topological sector (gauged baby skyrmions). Moreover we study the behavior of these skyrmions in the case of weak or strong coupling with the gauge field. In particular, we show that, as observed by many authors by means of numerical simulations, in the strong coupling regime the magnetic flux associated with the gauge field becomes quantized.
Identification of environment types and adaptation zones with self-organizing maps; applications to sunflower multi-environment data in Europe
Authors: Bustos-Korts Daniela , Boer Martin P. , Layton Jamie , Gehringer Anke , Tang Tom , Wehrens Ron , Messina Charlie , de la Vega Abelardo J. , van Eeuwijk Fred A.
Published: May 2022

Key message

We evaluate self-organizing maps (SOM) to identify adaptation zones and visualize multi-environment genotypic responses. We apply SOM to multiple traits and crop growth model output of large-scale European sunflower data.

Genotype-by-environment interactions (G × E) complicate the selection of well-adapted varieties. A possible solution is to group trial locations into adaptation zones with G × E occurring mainly between zones. By selecting for good performance inside those zones, response to selection is increased. In this paper, we present a two-step procedure to identify adaptation zones that starts from a self-organizing map (SOM). In the SOM, trials across locations and years are assigned to groups, called units, that are organized on a two-dimensional grid. Units that are further apart contain more distinct trials. In an iterative process of reweighting trial contributions to units, the grid configuration is learnt simultaneously with the trial assignment to units. An aggregation of the units in the SOM by hierarchical clustering then produces environment types, i.e. trials with similar growing conditions. Adaptation zones can subsequently be identified by grouping trial locations with similar distributions of environment types across years. For the construction of SOMs, multiple data types can be combined. We compared environment types and adaptation zones obtained for European sunflower from quantitative traits like yield, oil content, phenology and disease scores with those obtained from environmental indices calculated with the crop growth model Sunflo. We also show how results are affected by input data organization and user-defined weights for genotypes and traits. Adaptation zones for European sunflower as identified by our SOM-based strategy captured substantial genotype-by-location interaction and pointed to trials in Spain, Turkey and South Bulgaria as inducing different genotypic responses.
Selection for male stamina can help explain costly displays with cost-minimizing female choice
Authors: Kovalov Viktor , Kokko Hanna
Published: May 2022

In many species, male lifespan is shorter than that of females, often attributed to sexual selection favouring costly expression of traits preferred by females. Coevolutionary models of female preferences and male traits predict that males can be selected to have such life histories; however, this typically requires that females also pay some costs to express their preferences. Here we show that this problem diminishes when we link coevolutionary models of costly mate choice with the idea of stamina. In our model, the most successful males are those who can combine high attendance time on a lek — or, more generally, tenacious effort in their display time budgets — with high viability such that they are not too strongly compromised in terms of lifespan. We find that an opportunistic female strategy, that minimizes its costs by mating with highly visible (displaying) males, often beats other alternatives. It typically resists invasion attempts of genotypes that mate randomly in the population genetic sense, as well as invasion of stricter ways of being choosy (which are potentially costly if choice requires e.g. active rejection of all males who do not presently display, or risky travel to lekking sites). Our model can produce a wide range of male time budgets (display vs. self-maintenance). This includes cases of alternative mating tactics where males in good condition spend much time displaying, while those in poor condition never display yet, importantly, gain some mating success due to females not engaging in rejection behaviours should these be very costly to express.

Significance statement

In many species, males spend much time and energy on displaying to attract females, but it is not always clear what females gain from paying attention to male displays. The tradition in mathematical models attempting to understand the situation is to assume that random mating is the least costly option for females. However, random mating in the population genetic sense requires females to behave in a manner that equalizes mating success between displaying and non-displaying males, and here we point out that this is biologically unlikely. Opportunistically mating females can cause males to spend much of their time budgets displaying and will shorten male lifespans in a quality-dependent manner.