bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Folk Intuitions and the Failure to Comprehend Determinism
Authors: Nadelhoffer Thomas , Murray Samuel , dykhuis elise
Published: September 2021

Theories of free will are often measured against how well they capture everyday intuitions about free will. But what are these everyday intuitions, and what theoretical commitments do they express? Empirical methods have delivered mixed messages. In response, some free will theorists have developed error theories to undermine the credentials of countervailing intuitions. These efforts are predicated on the idea that people might misunderstand determinism in any of several ways. This paper sheds light on the comprehension problem. We first discuss recent efforts to explain systematic errors in how people interpret determinism. Then, we present the alarming results of two new preregistered studies exploring three types of comprehension failure: (a) epiphenomenal bypassing, (b) fatalistic bypassing, and (c) indeterministic intrusion. Our findings suggest that misunderstanding runs deeper than others have supposed. This casts doubt on existing models of commonsense thinking about free will. Unless and until researchers properly control for the kinds of misunderstandings we identify, research on free will intuitions cannot shed light on whether ordinary thinking reflects commitments to compatibilism or incompatibilism.
The Effect of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Model With Outdoor Approach Towards the Students’ Ability of Mathematical Representation
Authors: Priyadi Hermawan Gatot , Yumiati
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of the implementation of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model with the outdoor approach towards students’ ability in mathematical representation. It was quasi-experimental research consisting of two experimental classes and one control group. It used a pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study was the students of SUPM Tegal. Sampling was conducted using cluster random consisting of three classes. The first experimental group was carried out by implementing the learning model of CTL with the outdoor approach. The second experimental group was carried out by implementing a learning model of CTL, while the control group was conducted by implementing a conventional learning model. The research instrument was a 7-point mathematical representation test in the form of an essay. The results of the research were 1) the learning model of CTL with an outdoor approach affected the improvement and achievement of the students’ ability in mathematical representation and was higher than CTL and a conventional learning; 2) the improvement of the students’ ability of representation in the groups of CTL with outdoor approach, CTL, and conventional learning respectively was in high, medium, and low category.
Scientometrics rút bài báo sử dụng dữ liệu từ danh sách Beall
Authors: Huyen Nguyen Thanh Thanh , Lab SDAG
Published: September 2021

Scientometrics rút bài báo sử dụng dữ liệu từ danh sách Beall
Vector 3D Reconstruction of the Nerves of the Ventral Region of the Neck from Anatomical Sections of Korean Visible Human at the Laboratory of Digital Anatomy of Paris Descartes
Authors: Kanté Abdoulaye , Uhl Jean François , Daou Mariam , Delmas Vincent , Ba Babou , Touré Tata , Demba Yattera , Bengaly Bréhima , Traoré Drissa , Coulibaly Bréhima , Ongoïba Nouhoum
Published: September 2021

Objective: To carry out a 3D vector reconstruction of the nerves of the ventral region of the neck from anatomical sections of the “Korean Visible Human” for educational purposes. Materials and Methods: The anatomical subject was a 33-year-old Korean man who died of leukemia. He was 164cm tall and weighed 55kgs. A cryomacrotome sectioned the frozen body into 5960 sections. Sections numbered 1500 to 2000 were used for this study. A segmentation by manual contouring of each nervous anatomical element of the ventral region of the neck was done using Winsurf version 3.5 software on a laptop PC running Windows 10 equipped with an 8 gigabyte RAM. Results: Our vector 3D model of nerves in the ventral neck region includes the brachial plexuses, vagus nerves, inferior and superior laryngeal nerves, glossopharyngeal nerves, hypoglossal nerves and spinal nerves. This vector model has been integrated into the Diva3d virtual dissection table. It was also uploaded to the Sketchfab website and 3D printed using an ENDER 3 printer. Conclusion: Our 3D reconstruction of the nerves of the ventral region of the neck is an educational tool for learning the nerves of the ventral region of the neck and can also serve as a 3D atlas for simulation purposes for training in therapeutic gestures.
Ảnh hưởng của nhận thức về trách nhiệm xã hội của doanh nghiệp đến hiệu quả công việc và vai trò điều tiết của thu nhập cá nhân
Authors: Vuong Bui Nhat
Published: September 2021

Nghiên cứu này nhằm để xem xét tác động của nhận thức về trách nhiệm xã hội của doanh nghiệp (CSRP) đối với hiệu quả công việc thông qua vai trò trung gian của thái độ công việc (sự gắn kết của nhân viên và sự hài lòng trong công việc) và vai trò điều tiết của Thu nhập. Dữ liệu khảo sát được thu thập từ 220 nhân viên đang làm việc tại các doanh nghiệp vừa và nhỏ tại Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh. Kết quả từ mô hình phương trình cấu trúc bình phương nhỏ nhất từng phần (PLS-SEM) bằng cách sử dụng chương trình SmartPLS 3.0 chỉ ra rằng nhận thức CSR của nhân viên có ảnh hưởng tích cực đến hiệu quả công việc. Bên cạnh đó, sự gắn kết của nhân viên và sự hài lòng trong công việc đã làm trung gian một phần cho mối quan hệ này. Hơn nữa, phân tích ảnh hưởng điều tiết cũng chỉ ra rằng mối quan hệ tích cực giữa CSRP và thái độ công việc có thể tăng lên đáng kể ở nhân viên có thu nhập cao hơn ở nhân viên có thu nhập thấp. Phát hiện này cũng ngụ ý rằng các nhà quản trị nên xây dựng CSR thích hợp để cải thiện thái độ công việc và hành vi tích cực của nhân viên.
GAIANIZING DARWIN: NATURAL SELECTION IMPAIRS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANETARY TEMPERATURE SELF-REGULATION
Authors: Rubin Sergio , de Castro Carlos
Published: September 2021

Many neo-Darwinists have rejected the Gaia hypothesis, arguing that organisms cannot reach a common good by natural selection and that natural selection cannot act on the whole planet. In response, Watson and Lovelock put forward a model they called Daisyworld (Dw), a hypothetical planet which can regulate its temperature over a wide range of solar luminosities. This is accomplished by ordinary physical processes rather than by natural selection. As Daisyworld refuted the objections, the critics have responded by developing Darwinian Daisyworlds (DDw) involving natural selection in terms of adaptation, competition, cheating and selfishness. Here we show that the more Darwinian characteristics are added to Dw, the less planetary temperature regulation is attained. Rather, to explain the generation of habitable dynamics on Earth, we propose to Gaianize Darwin by: i) showing that symbiotic coordination of daisies is at stake in the planetary temperature regulation, ii) introducing more efffectively self-regulation Worlds without natural selection, such as Butterflyworld (Bw) and Pandoworld (Pw), iii) intoducing a simple altruistic-like Gaia constraint on daisies that results in a much more effective temperature regulation than the original Dw.
A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of the development of turn taking in adult-child vocal interactions
Authors: Nguyen Vivian , Versyp Otto , Cox Christopher , Fusaroli Riccardo
Published: September 2021

Background: Turn taking appears to be an almost universal phenomenon in communicative behavior and requires tight coordination between interlocutors. However, there is no current consensus on how and when infants develop the ability to take turns in vocal interactions and which mechanisms are involved. Aim: The current study aims at better understanding the current state of research on the development of turn-taking behaviors in human infants. In particular, we want to map the developmental trajectory of turn-taking abilities and identify key moderators affecting them.Method: We performed a systematic review and Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis of studies reporting response latencies in infant-adult dyadic interactions.Results: We found a poorly connected field (low rate of citations between papers), from which we identified 26 studies and 78 unique estimates of infant response latency. Infants display fast response latencies at an early point in development, which gradually increase up to 40 months. Infants’ responses also appear to be strongly related to the pause duration of their adult conversational partners, and are slower in groups with atypical development.Conclusions: We identify current pitfalls and new directions of research. Specifically, we advocate for the development of shared longitudinal cross-linguistic corpora with turn-by-turn data and rich assessment of the infants' linguistic and social development. We also recommend more explicit definition and testing of computational models of the mechanisms underlying turn-taking.
Cognitive Neuroscience and Entrepreneurship: cross-disciplinary review and future potential
Authors: Clements Emily , Stephan Ute , Miozzo Marcela , Hellyer Peter , Devonshire Julie , Allesch-Tayalor Stefan , Williams Steven , Giampietro Vincent
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Can insights and methods from cognitive neuroscience help to understand the distinctiveness of the entrepreneur’s brain? Whilst there is a thirst for more neuroscience studies in entrepreneurship research, empirical work has not yet taken off and thus our understanding of an entrepreneur’s brain is limited and underdeveloped. This is partly due to divergent views on the core definition of cognition between disciplines.Approach: This paper seeks to integrate cognitive neuroscience and entrepreneurship research. Through systematic literature review methodology, we build on what small work has been done as a guide for future work in entrepreneurial neuro-cognition.Findings: We critically appraise the current empirical research on entrepreneurs’ (1) impulsivity and risk-taking, (2) exploration and uncertainty, (3) emotional judgements and decision-making, and (4) interpersonal trust and social cognition. We then delve into how neuro-entrepreneurship research could be furthered by researching un-tapped areas of (5) opportunity alertness, (6) creativity, and (7) metacognition.Originality: This is the first paper to highlight the discrepancy in how cognitive neuroscience and entrepreneurship scholars define cognition, whilst offering a way forward charting new lines of enquiry and methods that integrate cognitive neuroscience and entrepreneurship research.Practical implications: This paper provides a reference point for researchers to embark on cross-disciplinary work integrating neuroscience and entrepreneurship.Social implications: Understanding the cognitive and neural processes that drive entrepreneurial thinking would generate insights for educators and policy makers seeking to support entrepreneurship.
Social activity promotes resilience against loneliness in depressed individuals: A study over 14-days of physical isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia
Authors: Ji Julie Lin , Basanovic Julian , MacLeod Colin
Published: September 2021

Loneliness is a subjectively perceived state of social isolation that is associated with negative emotional, cognitive, and physical health outcomes. Physical distancing and shelter-in-place public health responses designed to curb COVID-19 transmission has led to concerns over elevated risk of loneliness. Given that physical isolation does not necessitate social isolation in the age of digital communication, this study investigated the relationship between the frequency of social interaction and loneliness over a two-week period in people engaging in physical distancing, and examined whether this relationship was moderated by physical isolation level, age, or depression. A self-selected sample of N = 469 individuals across Australia who were engaged in physically distanced living completed daily surveys for 14-days during April to June of 2020. Multilevel modelling showed that more frequent social interaction with close, but not intermediate or distant contacts, was uniquely associated with lower loneliness. In addition, being younger, more depressed, more anxious, or having a mental health condition diagnosis (past or present) were also independently associated with higher loneliness. Critically, depression was the only significant moderator of the relationship between social interaction and loneliness over time, where more frequent social interaction with close contacts buffered against loneliness over time in high depression individuals only. The findings suggest that encouraging social activity with close contacts may promote resilience against loneliness in individuals with elevated depression symptoms.
The Treasure of Chinese Culture: The History and Value of Yayan Chanting
Authors: Wu Yifei
Published: September 2021

Yayan was the official language over many ancient Chinese dynasties, has spread continuously along with the development of the China; Yayan chanting is a manifestation of the charm of traditional Chinese culture. Through qualitative research, this paper describes the origin of Yayin and its rise and fall, introduces a unique art form of Chinese culture: chanting, and discusses the value of Yayin chanting in history, culture, art, education, and spiritual cultivation. Conclusion: Yayan chanting is an artistic treasure that has been handed down to the Chinese people for thousands of years and is a world cultural heritage. It deserves to be cherished and utilized.
Big Data = Big Trouble for Universal Healthcare? The Effects of Individualized Health Insurance on Solidarity
Authors: Lünich Marco , Starke Christopher
Published: September 2021

The collection of Big Data and surging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to analyze these data increasingly enable health insurers to calculate the individual health risks of their customers. By offering individualized rates, data-driven health insurance (HI) challenges fundamental norms of solidarity in universal healthcare systems. This paper investigates to what extent personal financial benefits of individualized HI, the associated privacy costs of mandatory data disclosure, and attitudinal healthcare solidarity affect people’s intention to switch to an individualized HI rate. Three pre-registered experiments with German respondents (Study 1: n = 162, Study 2: n = 439, Study 3: n = 1,621) suggest that financial incentives are highly effective in persuading citizens to switch to an individualized HI rate. The personal costs and people’s attitudinal healthcare solidarity do not moderate this positive relationship. As technological and demographic developments pressure current universal healthcare systems, the results raise important questions concerning the future of HI in increasingly digitalized societies and provide novel insights for healthcare practitioners, policy-makers, and researchers.
An Analysis of the Link between Individual Identity Traits and Radical Party Choice
Authors: Filip Alexandru , Lorenz Jan
Published: September 2021

While recent trends in the study of radial party voting have tended to focus on egalitarian attitudes and individual personality traits in their endeavor to explain radical party choice, the present study pits individual identity traits in the spotlight of ballot box behavior, using data from the World Values Survey and European Values Survey. We analyze the link between exclusive and inclusive identity (identifying with a more restricted ‘in-group’ versus identifying with a larger community) and the propensity to vote for radical right and radical left parties, using differences in individual identification with respondents’ home nation and as European citizens. The results show that exclusive individual identity is a good predictor of radical right party choice, even in the presence of redistributive and egalitarian values usually associated with left-wing voting. The results also speak to the literature on welfare chauvinism. While the presence of strong egalitarian and redistributive attitudes does indeed normally predict radical left party preference in line with previous findings, this relationship is complicated by the presence of exclusive individual identity, which moderates the former’s effect and can induce egalitarian voters to prefer radical right parties. In conclusion, the paper explores the interaction of identity and social class.
On the heterogeneity of preferences for disability services
Authors: Randle Melanie , Grün Bettina , Dolnicar Sara
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates heterogeneity of preferences for disability services within the theoretical framework of consumption values. We conducted interviews with people with a disability and disability service providers to develop survey items, then conducted a survey with 2000 adult Australian residents who either had a disability or were carers of a person with a disability. After conducting descriptive analyses and data-driven market segmentation, findings revealed that, at the aggregate level, basic or functional benefits of disability services are most important. However, when accounting for heterogeneity, very distinct benefit patterns emerge, pointing to the substantial potential for improving disability services by catering to distinct market segment needs. These insights have the potential to improve disability service provision, thus maximally harvesting the opportunities from disability service models that now often include commercial providers, and enabling people with disabilities to make optimal choices in relation to both services and providers.
Spatial variation in bicycling: a retrospective review of travel survey data from Greater Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Beck Ben , Winters Meghan , Thompson Jason , Stevenson Mark , Pettit Christopher
Published: September 2021

Understanding spatial variation in bicycling within cities is necessary to identify and address inequities. We aimed to explore spatial variation in bicycling and explore how bicycling rates vary across population sub-groups. We conducted a retrospective analysis of household travel survey data in Greater Melbourne, Australia. We present a descriptive analysis of bicycling behaviour across local government areas (LGAs; n=31), with a focus on quantifying spatial variation in the number and proportion of trips made by bike, and by age, sex and trip distance. Associations between the proportion of infrastructure that had provision for biking and the proportion of all trips made by bike were analysed using linear regression. Overall, 1.7% of all trips were made by bike. While more than half (53.2%) of all trips were less than 5km, only 2% of these trips were by bike. Across LGAs, there was considerable variation in the proportion of trips made by bike (range: 0.1% to 5.7%). Mode share by females was 35.0%, and this varied across LGAs from 0% to 49%. Tor each percentage increase in the proportion of infrastructure that had provision for biking, there was an associated 0.2% increase in the proportion of trips made by bike (coefficient = 0.20; SE = 0.05; adjusted R2 = 0.38). While we observed a low bicycle mode share, more than half of all trips were less than 5 km, demonstrating substantial opportunity to increase the number of trips taken by bike.
‘It is not worse than a flu’ – COVID-19 Scepticism and the Role of Trust and Far-Right Attitudes in Germany
Authors: Küppers Anne , Reiser Marion
Published: September 2021

Whereas previous social science scholarship on the COVID-19 pandemic has primarily focused on health behaviour, social distancing, or pandemic-related conspiracy beliefs, we investigate the drivers of COVID-19 scepticism. COVID-19 sceptics view the virus as harmless (i.e., not worse than a casual flu). Using data from a representative survey conducted in the East German region of Thuringia in autumn 2020, we show that far-right political attitudes and low trust in political institutions are crucial drivers of COVID-19 scepticism. [THE PUBLISHED VERSION OF THIS PAPER CAN BE FOUND AS "Ideological Extremism or Far-Right Attitudes? The Role of Ideology for COVID-19 Scepticism", in: Representation 58(4), 481-499]
The Attitude-Behaviour Gap in Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Juvan Emil , Dolnicar Sara
Published: September 2021

This study investigates why people who actively engage in environmental protection at home engage, albeit unintentionally, in vacation behaviour which has negative environmental consequences. The environmental activists participating in the study were highly aware of the negative environmental consequences of tourism in general, but all displayed an attitude–behaviour gap which made them feel uncomfortable. Participants did not report changing their behaviour; instead, they offered a wide range of explanations justifying their tourist activities. Gaining insight into these explanations contributes to our understanding of why it is so difficult to motivate people to minimize the negative environmental impacts of their vacations, and represents a promising starting point for new interventions to reduce environmentally unsustainable tourism behaviours.
Immigrant settlement patterns, transit accessibility, and transit use
Authors: Allen Jeff , Farber Steven , Greaves Stephen , Clifton Geoffrey , Wu Hao , Sarkar Somwrita , Levinson David
Published: September 2021

Public transit is immensely important among recent immigrants for enabling daily travel and activity participation. The objectives of this study are to examine whether immigrants settle in areas of high or low transit accessibility and how this affects transit mode share. This is analyzed via a novel comparison of two gateway cities: Sydney, Australia and Toronto, Canada. We find that in both cities, recent immigrants have greater levels of public transit accessibility to jobs, on average, than the overall population, but the geography of immigrant settlement is more suburbanized and less clustered around commuter rail in Toronto than in Sydney. Using logistic regression models with spatial filters, we find significant positive relationships between immigrant settlement patterns and transit mode share for commuting trips, after controlling for transit accessibility and other socio-economic factors, indicating an increased reliance on public transit by recent immigrants. Importantly, via a sensitivity analysis, we find that these effects are greatest in peripheral suburbs and rural areas, indicating that recent immigrants in these areas have more risks of transport-related social exclusion due to reliance on insufficient transit service.
Making cause-related corporate social responsibility (CSR) count in holiday accommodation choice
Authors: Randle Melanie , Kemperman Astrid , Dolnicar Sara
Published: September 2021

We test how different presentations of cause-related corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives affect the choice of holiday accommodation bookings. Results of a stated choice experiment indicate that – for the tourist population as a whole – information about CSR initiatives affects choice only minimally. One market segment emerges, however, that is highly responsive to all types of CSR message presentations: positive and negative framing, and local and international causes. This tourist segment is characterized by a distinct socio-demographic profile, thus representing a promising target market for tourism managers engaging in cause-related CSR strategies. Other tourist segments are sensitive to the framing of CSR messages. Overall, negatively-framed CSR messages emerge as more effective.
Leaving Home for Marital and Non-Marital Reasons in the Netherlands, 1850-1940 – The Impact of Parental Death and Parental Remarriage
Authors: Rosenbaum-Feldbrügge Matthias
Published: September 2021

Previous research shows that parentally bereaved children in north-western Europe in the past left home earlier than children who lived together with both biological parents. This article analyses the mechanisms behind this phenomenon with a special focus on the routes out of the parental household and the entry of step-parents and step-siblings. The Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN) is exploited which contains detailed infor-mation about household composition and life courses of more than 22,000 female and male adolescent and young adult children born between 1850 and 1922. Event-history analysis is applied and two exclusive routes out of the parental household, for marital and non-marital reasons, are studied in a competing risk design. The results show that parental loss does not increase the risk of early marriage before age 23, but strongly en-hances the chances for leaving home for non-marital reasons, which are mainly work-related. This is especially true in case of maternal loss. No support is found for the hy-pothesis that the entry of a step-parent and step-siblings increases the risk of leaving home compared to living with a single widowed parent. Tensions with step-parents therefore do not suffice to explain why parentally bereaved children left earlier for non-marital reasons. Instead, we argue that children’s exit was in the interest of both the single widowed parent and the bereaved child.
Land policy in perspective
Authors: Subedi Nab Raj
Published: September 2021

Fundamental entity where the existence resides is Land. Obviously being the basis of life and then source of wealth and power, land has been observed as a focal entity of social conflict and disorder. Any government willing to pay attention for good governance must give its eyes on the issues of land, otherwise, any effort made in the name of development will be like pouring water on sand. Being encapsulated by the strong but better political will for doing something to raise the people up from their plight and blight of abject poverty, it is urgently needed to formulate land policy whereby all policy implementation instruments will be systematically arranged within the skeleton of land policy framework. Land tenure security, land market, land valuation and taxation, land use planning and land reform are the main instruments envisaged in this paper ignoring which the expected gain out of the applied effort on any land issue can not meet the demand of the society. The block composed by these implementation instruments will rest on the system of land administration, acting as a tool designed to be matched with the land policy.
Land use land cover change in mountainous watersheds of middle Himalayas, Nepal
Authors: Gautam Basanta Raj , Joshi Paban Kumar
Published: September 2021

The study was aimed at examining land use dynamics in two typical mountain watersheds in Rasuwa district in the central development region of Nepal, namely Chileme and Bamdang. A comparative change analysis was performed for the last three decades i.e. 1976–1988, 1988–2000 and 2000–2006 using RS & GIS technology. The analysis was based on the multitemporal Landsat and IRS images taken in December 1976, December 1988, December 2000 and January 2006. During the last three decades, forest cover has been reduced drastically with increasing population pressure and agricultural expansion. Some limiting factors such as socio-economic setup and policies have also contributed to these changes and resultant land use in the watersheds.
Need of professionalism in geomatics profession for the development of sustainable system
Authors: Kumar Umesh , Sharma Rabin K.
Published: September 2021

No abstract available.
Role of geo-potential models in gravity field determination
Authors: Manandhar Niraj , Forsberg Rene
Published: September 2021

This paper sets out to describe the developments of geopotential models and its role in gravity field determination. The paper also focuses in different geopotential models those are available and in use from 1980 onwards till at present with major emphasis placed on WGS84 EGM96 geopotential model.
An Overview of the 29th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing
Authors: Shrestha Rabin K.
Published: September 2021

No abstract available
Involvement of Survey Professional Organizations in International Activities
Authors: Sharma Rabin K.
Published: September 2021

No abstract available.
Land Management: A Global Perspective
Authors: Enemark Stig
Published: September 2021

This article provides an overall understanding of the land management paradigm and the importance of land governance in support of the global agenda. Sustainable land administration systems provide clear identification on the people to land relationship. The land management perspective and the operational component of integrated and spatially enabled land administration systems therefore need high-level political support and recognition.
Surface Gravity Information of Nepal and its Role in Gravimetric Geoid Determination and Refinement
Authors: Manandhar Niraj
Published: September 2021

This paper describes proposed first order gravity network which was almost abandoned and existing gravity database that has to be preserved and advocates about its importance in the determination of regional gravimetric geoid of the country. Since GPS is in full phase operation and adopted as an efficient and accurate method in position and height determination the paper also elaborates how all its three components can be taken into consideration.
The Strategies for Strengthening National Geographic Information Infrastructure in Nepal
Authors: Subedi Nab Raj
Published: September 2021

Nepal has already initiated the National Geographic Information Infrastructure activities (NGII). For a successful implementation of a National Geospatial Data Infrastructure (NGDI), there is a need for a national policy that will provide the necessary guidelines, identify various committees to be responsible for the various aspects of the NGDI (such as standards, custodianship, sharing and partnership) and provide issues that are acting as the constraints against the take off of the NGDI. The issues must be discussed at a forum where all the stakeholders would meet to discuss on the various issues in the draft policy prior to the approval. There is also a need for an agency to be the lead agency in the development of a NGDI, for which the prevalent NGIIP can be given authority to act as a coordinator until the formation of the National Geographic Information Council. This paper highlights that each stakeholder organization must have certain strategies that work in resonance with broad SDI strategies that perform NGII development and proposes its mission, vision and some general policy statements for the development of SDI activities in Nepal. Some goals and corresponding strategies identified as an outcome of recently held evaluation research on NGII has been provided as an aid for its development.
Mathematical Difficulties of 7th Grade MTs Students Analysis in Online Learning Based on The Realm Bloom’s Taxonomy
Authors: Heri Heri , Minarti Eva Dwi , Linda Linda
Published: September 2021

Online learning is a new alternative for the continuity of learning activities during the Covid-19 period, where learning is carried out online through various media or ICT used. This research aims to see the analyze how difficult students mathematical in working on mathematical problems, especially in quadrilateral and triangular material. The subject of this study were students of class VII at MTs Negeri Kabupaten Bandung Barat. The instrument used were written tests in the form of essays which numbered 5 questions and a student questionnaire via a google form. This research method uses descriptive analysis, to find out the student's mistakes in solving problems. Processing data is calculated in the form of average student scores obtained by analysis used on Taksonomi Bloom cognitive.  The results showed that students achievement in the process of solving triangular and quadrilateral problems based on the stage of Taksonomi Bloom is based on the stage of Taksonomi Bloom, namely, at the cognitive stage the most is in stage C5 and C6 there is evaluation and creation, then in C2, C3, and C4 also still less than 60%. Thus it can be seen that the level of student understanding of rectangular and triangular material is still relatively low so that there is difficulty in solving students' problems on rectangular and triangular material based on Taksonomi Bloom stages.

Keywords: student difficulties, online learning, quadrilateral, and triangular, taxonomy bloom
Character Education Through Realistic Mathematics Learning Based On Ethnomathematics
Authors: Salafudin Salafudin , Sholahuddin Muhamad Sugeng , Dewi Heni Lilia , Sholikhah Alimatus
Published: September 2021

Mathematics is a discipline that can improve thinking skills. However, in reality, the mathematics thinking skills of elementary school students are still low. This is because the mathematics learning used is not optimal and still uses conventional learning. In the process of mathematics learning, there is an integration of character values with mathematics material. Character building through mathematics learning has not been done relatively. The current mathematical concept can be related to cultural activities called ethnomathematics. Through ethnomathematics, mathematics learning becomes more realistic. The purpose of this research is to build students’ character and improve student’s mathematic learning achievement through developing student worksheets with a mathematical approach based on ethnomathematics. The methods of the research were research and development by using steps including preliminary study, design, development, and dissemination. The result of the research is student's worksheets fulfill valid, practical, and effective criteria. The result of the validity of teaching media shows that the average number is 96 % with very good criteria. The effectiveness test shows that there is a distinction of student’s achievement before and after the treatment and the student’s achievement on average is increased. Based on the analysis of student's answers on student worksheets, four characters are built through the learning process with a realistic mathematic approach based on ethnomathematics, such as creativity, independence, curiosity, and nationality.

Keywords: character building, realistic mathematics learning, ethnomathematics.
Choleris Students' Critical Thinking Process In Mathematics Problem Solving
Authors: Maftuh Moh Syukron , Fathonah Nur , Roihah Ina Nur
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe the critical thinking process of junior high school students with choleric personalities in solving mathematical problems. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were two students of MTs Hasanuddin Sidoarjo class VIII who had choleric personalities obtained from the results of personality tests. The research stages used by the researchers consisted of three stages, namely the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the analysis stage. The data collection technique in this research is the technique of giving the Mathematical Problem Solving Test (TPMM) and interviews later to obtain valid and credible data, researchers use source triangulation. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the choleric subject in solving mathematical problems shows the criteria for critical thinking: focus, reason, inference, situation, clarity, overview at the stage of understanding the problem. At the stage of making a plan for the completion of the choleric subject, it fulfills the criteria for critical thinking, focus, reason, inference, situation, clarity, overview. Likewise, at the stage of implementing the completion plan, the choleric subject meets the criteria for critical thinking, focus, reason, inference, situation, clarity, overview. Meanwhile, at the stage of re-examining the completion plan, the choleric subject only met the criteria for critical thinking, focus, reason, inference, situation, clarity, did not meet the criteria for critical thinking overview.

Keywords: Critical Thinking, Mathematical Problem Solving, Choleric Personality
Knowing with the Disability Community: Building a Disability Standpoint for Health Policy Research
Authors: Cupples Laura M.
Published: September 2021

For the last eighteen months, I have worked with a group of disability and health policy researchers. I began this interview-based project trying to learn how these researchers’ disability identities shaped their work. How did their disability standpoint contribute to the liberatory nature of their research? I found that the disability standpoint of these researchers was in fact hard-won and grew not just out of their own disability experiences but out of their connections with the larger disability community. These connections, for the most part, helped researchers come to “claim crip,” and that later influenced their research.
Use of Screen Media And Mental Health: Effects On Adolescents And Pre-Adolescents
Authors: Adhikari Bibek
Published: September 2021

The children and adolescents of today’s generation are growing up in a media-saturated world. Digital media use has become the most common sedentary leisure time activity among children and adolescents. In the past decade, the development of mobile and digital technologies has taken place at such a rapid rate that researchers have had difficulties reporting evidence within limited timeframes. Growing evidence indicates that screen media usage by teenagers and pre-adolescents has deleterious ramifications on mental wellbeing. In addition to the benefits of screen media for exposure to a wide range of information and quick communication, the use of screen media has been correlated with adverse physical, psychological and social health consequences. This study focuses on the increasing use of screen media and their consequences on the various aspects of mental health of adolescents and preadolescents.
Primary Congenital Glaucoma among the Children Under 3 Years of Age in the Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Panta Sitoula Rakshya , Gurung Jamuna , Anwar Afaque
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Primary congenital glaucoma is a rare vision-threatening condition of children. Primary congenital glaucoma though a rare disease it is the most common cause of childhood glaucoma with potency to cause blindness. This study was undertaken to find the prevalence of the children with primary congenital glaucoma under 3 years of age in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary eye center in Nepal in children (≤ 3 years) presented in the outpatient department of a tertiary eye hospital between June 2017 and June 2020. The study was approved by the hospital review committee and adhered to the declaration of Helsinki. A convenient sampling method was used. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated with frequency distribution. Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.
Results: Out of total children under 3 years who presented to the outpatient department, 46 (0.31%) at 95% Confidence Interval (0.30-0.32) had primary congenital glaucoma. Among them, 30 children (65.2%) had bilateral involvement. Mean intraocular pressure was 42.40±8.15mm Hg. The mean age of initial presentation, horizontal corneal diameter, and axial length were 12.07±8.9 months, 12.95±1mm, and 23.89±1.7mm respectively. Consanguinity was observed in 12 (26%) children.
Conclusions: From the study, we conclude that there was a low prevalence of primary congenital glaucoma among children under 3 years of age who presented to the outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital.
Typhoid Fever among Admitted Pediatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rauniyar Gajendra Prasad , Bhattacharya Shrawanti , Chapagain Kumud , Shah Gauri Shankar , Khanal Basudha
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Typhoid fever, an acute systemic febrile illness caused by Salmonella Typhi & Paratyphi, is an important public health problem in developing countries. It requires frequent observation regarding proper diagnostic protocol and treatment practices. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of typhoid fever among admitted pediatric patients in a tertiary care center.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among the admitted patients of pediatric and adolescent medicine of a tertiary care center from August 2016 to May 2018 after obtaining ethical clearance (IRC/609/015). Convenience sampling was used and data was analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social version 11.5. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Among 7450 patients, 151 (2.03%) at 95% Confidence Interval (1.71-2.35) patients were diagnosed with enteric fever of which 85 (56.29%) were male and 66 (43.71%) were female. Common symptoms were fever 151 (100%), and abdominal pain 94 (62.25%). Azithromycin 54 (38.03%) was the most common antibiotic received before presenting to hospital and ceftriaxone 151 (100%) was prescribed to all the patients after admission. Two-third of the patients (96/151) was hospitalized for at least 6 days, with the longest hospital stay of 14 days and shortest of 3 days.
Conclusions: Occurrence rate of Typhoid Fever was similar to other studies. Antibiotic susceptibility could not be well established; further surveillance on typhoid fever and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is recommended.
Metallo-β Lactamase Producing Non-Fermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli from Various Clinical Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shrestha Mahendra , Baral Ratna , Shrestha Lok Bahadur
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli are common causes of human infections especially nosocomial infections. These organisms are usually resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents including carbapenems. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of metallo-β-lactamase producing non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli among the samples which yielded growth of bacteria in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital from February 2017 to May 2017. Convenience sampling method was used. Bacterial identification, characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done by following standard microbiological guidelines. Metallo-β-lactamase production was detected by using combined disk diffusion test and double-disc synergy test. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Science software version 16. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Among 628 samples which yielded growth of bacteria, 118 (18.79%) at 95% Confidence Interval (15.74-21.84) were metallo-β-lactamase producing non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli. Among them, 54 (45.76%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 64 (54.24%) were Acinetobacter baumannii.
Conclusions: A high prevalence of metallo-β-lactamase production was observed among the nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli than the study done in similar settings. It is mandatory to perform routine monitoring of metallo-β-lactamase producing isolates in clinical laboratories in order to help the clinicians prescribe proper antibiotics.
Right External Carotid Artery Originated Right Superior Thyroid Artery in Cadavers of a Medical College in Western Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sharma Nitasha , Pandit Ruku , Neupane Bhima , Sah Ram Prakash , Bhattarai Laxmi , Yadav Pranav Kumar
Published: September 2021

Introduction: External carotid artery originated superior thyroid artery are frequently documented in classical anatomical, surgical and radiological textbooks. Knowledge of anatomical variations, proper identification of superior thyroid arteries is very important to avoid major complications during and after neck surgeries. The aim of the study is to find out the prevalence of right superior thyroid artery originating from right external carotid artery in cadavers of a Medical College in Western Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the department of anatomy in Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal from October 2020 to January 2021 after ethical clearance from the same institution (IRC UCMS, Ref: UCMS/IRC/078/20). Variations in origin of superior thyroid arteries were observed, recorded and photographed. Convenient sampling method was used. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016. Point estimate at 90% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage.
Results: Out of 30 right superior thyroid arteries of 30 cadavers, 27 (90%) at 90% Confidence Interval (80.22-96.44) originates from right external carotid artery.
Conclusions: In our study we observed that almost nine tenths of right superior thyroid arteries originated from the right external carotid artery which was relatively high in comparison to other studies. Thus, Extensive knowledge of variations in origin of superior thyroid artery is important for surgeons prior to various interventional surgeries.
Perceived Stress among Undergraduate Students in a Dental College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khanal Sunita , Shrestha Sujita
Published: September 2021

Introduction: An individual may feel stressed when he/she is unable to cope with past, present, and future situations. A high level of stress in dental students is due to the fact that dental students need to acquire diverse proficiencies such as theoretical knowledge, clinical competencies, and interpersonal skills. So, this study was conducted to find out the prevalence of perceived stress among undergraduate students in a dental college.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among first-year to final year students of a tertiary care centre from May-August 2020. The sample size was calculated to be 177. Convenience sampling technique was used. Data collection was done after taking ethical approval from the institutional review committee (Ref no.21/020). Data collection was done by using a selfadministered, modified Dental Environmental Stress Questionnaire. Data analysis was done by using Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 20 software. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: The prevalence of perceived stress was found to be 80.55 (45%) at 95% Confidence Interval (37.71-52.28). Students perceived more stress from the domain related to personal factors i.e. fear of failing 78 (43.6%), academic factors i.e. examination and grades 71 (39.7%), unable to catch up with the back lock work 68 (38%), and for the clinical phase students, patients not coming or coming too late was most stressful 69 (60%) followed by getting an ideal case for clinical examination 60 (52.2%).
Conclusions: Overall stress levels were slight to severe and were comparatively higher in clinical phase students due to factors related to patients.