bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Categories We Die For: Ameliorating Gender in Analytic Feminist Philosophy
Authors: LaBrada Eloy
Published: August 2016

What it is to be gendered remains a disputed topic in feminist philosophy, not to mention in the quotidian struggle over gender categories as they are lived and questioned outside the academy. In this paper I want to explore what contemporary work in analytic feminist philosophy can tell us about how the “categories we live by,” or the categories that organize our social lives and constitute our identities, can sometimes render life unlivable because of their restrictive or oppressive effects (Kapusta; Ásta Sveinsdóttir, “Metaphysics”; Butler, Undoing 4 and Notes). The phrase “categories we die for” captures this ambiguity. On the one hand, many of us have died, and continue to, for gender categories that we couldn't, or refused to, live up to. Think of the violence done in the name of normative and regulatory gender ideals to gender nonconformists—those who do not find a place in gender binarism (“man/woman”) or sexual dimorphism (“male/female”). Queer populations continue to be vulnerable to marginalization, pathologization, and aggression for not doing their gender, sex, or sexuality “correctly” (i.e., heteronormatively or cisnormatively). In this sense, social categories and norms can ruin lives, and we ought to argue against their restrictive regulation. On the other hand, we are also willing to stand behind, defend, and even sacrifice ourselves for gender categories that promise to make life more livable, flexible, and sustainable for those we cherish (Kapusta; Butler, Undoing). When we fight for the recognition of categories like “genderqueer,” “trans∗,” and “agender” we seem to be saying that these are categories worth dying for (a further issue, we will see, is whether binary gender categories like “man” and “woman” per se are worth dying for, or whether the effort to make these existing categories more inclusive is). The contemporary struggle to expand the compass of gender terms and concepts, to expand the sense of the livable, seeks to make categories more inclusive. When we mobilize for trans∗ inclusiveness, gender variance, intersex visibility, and more, we are fighting for categories to be protected, in law and in life. So, to speak of “categories we are dying for,” as I will, implies both a punitive sense (“categories due to which many of us die”) and a positive sense (“categories worth dying for”). Depending on their uses and effects, gender categories can make or break one's life.
Acupuncture for Chemoradiation Therapy-Related Dysphagia in Head and Neck Cancer: A Pilot Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial
Authors: Lu Weidong , Wayne Peter M. , Davis Roger B. , Buring Julie E. , Li Hailun , Macklin Eric A. , Lorch Jochen H. , Burke Elaine , Haddad Tyler C. , Goguen Laura A. , Rosenthal David S. , Tishler Roy B. , Posner Marshall R. , Haddad Robert I.
Published: August 2016

Introduction.

Dysphagia is common in head and neck cancer patients after concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CRT). This study evaluated the feasibility of conducting a randomized sham-controlled trial and collected preliminary data on safety and efficacy of acupuncture.

Patients and Methods.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients with stage III–IV squamous cell carcinoma were randomized to 12 sessions of either active acupuncture (AA) or sham acupuncture (SA) during and following CRT. Patients were blinded to treatment assignment. Swallowing-related quality of life (QOL) was assessed using the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) total and subscale scores.

Results.

Multiple aspects of trial feasibility were confirmed. Forty-two of 196 patients screened (21%) were enrolled and randomized to receive AA (n = 21) or SA (n = 21); 79% completed at least 10 of 12 planned acupuncture sessions; 81% completed the study follow-ups. The majority of patients reported uncertainty regarding their treatment assignment, with no difference between the AA and SA groups. Audits confirmed both AA and SA treatments were delivered with high fidelity. No serious acupuncture-related side effects were observed. MDADI total scores significantly improved from baseline to 12 months post-CRT in both groups (AA: +7.9; SA +13.9; p = .044, p < .001). Similar patterns were observed for the MDADI global subscale (AA: +25.0; SA +22.7; p = .001, p = .002). Intent-to-treat analyses suggested no difference between the treatment groups (p = .17, p = .76 for MDADI total and global scores, respectively).

Conclusion.

A sham-controlled randomized trial evaluating acupuncture in dysphagia-related QOL in HNC found the procedure to be feasible and safe. Further investigation is required to evaluate efficacy.
Characterization and Management of Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor-Related Adverse Events in Patients With Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lacouture Mario E. , Dréno Brigitte , Ascierto Paolo Antonio , Dummer Reinhard , Basset-Seguin Nicole , Fife Kate , Ernst Scott , Licitra Lisa , Neves Rogerio I. , Peris Ketty , Puig Susana , Sokolof Jonas , Sekulic Aleksandar , Hauschild Axel , Kunstfeld Rainer
Published: August 2016

Abnormal activation of hedgehog pathway signaling is a key driver in the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Vismodegib, a first-in-class small-molecule inhibitor of hedgehog pathway signaling, is approved by regulatory authorities for the treatment of adults who have metastatic BCC or locally advanced BCC that has recurred after surgery, or who are not candidates for surgery and who are not candidates for radiation. A second inhibitor, sonidegib, was also recently approved for the same patient group with locally advanced BCC. Adverse events (AEs) commonly observed in hedgehog pathway inhibitor (HPI)-treated patients include muscle spasms, ageusia/dysgeusia, alopecia, weight loss, and asthenia (fatigue). These AEs are thought to be mechanistically related to inhibition of the hedgehog pathway in normal tissue. Although the severity of the majority of AEs associated with HPIs is grade 1–2, the long-term nature of these AEs can lead to decreased quality of life, treatment interruption, and in some cases discontinuation, all of which might affect clinical outcome. The incidence, clinical presentation, putative mechanisms, and management strategies for AEs related to HPIs in advanced BCC are described. These observations represent the first step toward the development of mechanism-based preventive and management strategies. Knowledge of these AEs will allow health care professionals to provide appropriate counseling and supportive care interventions, all of which will contribute to improved quality of life and optimal benefit from therapy.
Social Movements and Political Agency in the Digital Age: A Communication Approach
Authors: Kavada Anastasia
Published: August 2016

Digital media pose a dual challenge to conventional understandings of political agency. First, digital media destabilize long-held assumptions about the nature of collective action, about social movements and their capacity to effect change. This is because digital media are thought to facilitate more decentralized, dispersed, temporary and individualized forms of political action that subvert the notion of the collective as singular, unified, homogeneous, coherent, and mass. One way of resolving this challenge is to view the collective in looser terms, as a process rather than as a finished product, a conceptualization that can be influence our understanding not only of social movements, but also of other political actors and of society as a whole. Second, digital media highlight the need to take communication seriously in how we conceptualize both collective action and political agency. Placing communication at the centre allows us to develop this looser and more processual understanding of the collective by studying it as a process that is constituted in and through communication. Inspired by organizational communication and particularly the work of Taylor and van Every (2000), this essay proposes a conception of collective action as emerging in conversations and solidified in texts. This conceptualization allows for a more multiplex and variegated view of political agency that takes into account the specific context where agency is exercised and the power that different actors can exert in a communicative process of negotiation, persuasion and claim-making.
Free Software Beyond Radical Politics: Negotiations of Creative and Craft Autonomy in Digital Visual Media Production
Authors: Velkova Julia
Published: August 2016

Free software development and the technological practices of hackers have been broadly recognised as fundamental for the formation of political cultures that foster democracy in the digital mediascape. This article explores the role of free software in the practices of digital artists, animators and technicians who work in various roles for the contemporary digital visual media industries. Rather than discussing it as a model of organising work, the study conceives free software as a production tool and shows how it becomes a locus of politics about finding material security in flexible capitalism. This politics is ultimately contradictory in that it extends creative and craft autonomy of digital artists but does not mobilise a critical project. Instead, it nurtures further precarious labour. Empirically, the article draws on ethnographically collected material from the media practices of digital artists and programmers who engage with two popular free software production tools, Blender and Synfig.
Mediatisation, Marginalisation and Disruption in Australian Indigenous Affairs
Authors: McCallum Kerry , Waller Lisa , Dreher Tanja
Published: August 2016

This article considers how changing media practices of minority groups and political and media elites impact on democratic participation in national debates. Taking as its case study the state-sponsored campaign to formally recognise Indigenous people in the Australian constitution, the article examines the interrelationships between political media and Indigenous participatory media—both of which we argue are undergoing seismic transformation. Discussion of constitutional reform has tended to focus on debates occurring in forums of influence such as party politics and news media that privilege the voices of only a few high-profile Indigenous media ‘stars’. Debate has progressed on the assumption that constitutional change needs to be settled by political elites and then explained and ‘sold’ to Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Our research on the mediatisation of policymaking has found that in an increasingly media-saturated environment, political leaders and their policy bureaucrats attend to a narrow range of highly publicised voices. But the rapidly changing media environment has disrupted the media-driven Recognise campaign. Vigorous public discussion is increasingly taking place outside the mainstream institutions of media and politics, while social media campaigns emerge in rapid response to government decisions. Drawing on a long tradition in citizens’ media scholarship we argue that the vibrant, diverse and growing Indigenous media sphere in Australia has increased the accessibility of Indigenous voices challenging the scope and substance of the recognition debate. The article concludes on a cautionary note by considering some tensions in the promise of the changing media for Indigenous participation in the national policy conversation.
Effects of sodium dodecylsulfate on physiological, biochemical ad cytomorphological properties of Candida and Saccharomyces genera
Authors: Stepura L. , Radchenko O. , Zelena P.
Published: August 2016

Physiological, biochemical, cyto-morphological properties of initial strain Candida albicans ATCC 10331, Saccharomyces sp. КНУ 1 and their variants, which were cultivated in medium Saburo with anionic surfactant (SAS) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have been compared. It was shown that the effect of SDS was accompanied by disappearance of possibility to assimilate a number of substrates, but did not affect antibiotics sensitivity. They changed its morphology after 1 passage, diminution quantity of volutin, appearance of fat inclusion. Morphology of cells partially restored after 4-th passage.
Several viral diseases of Lycopersicon esculentum circulating in Ukraine
Authors: Emad Al Dalain , Bysov A. , Shevchenko O. , Shevchenko T. , Polischuk V.
Published: August 2016

This paper describes detection of some typical plant viruses infecting Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. plants in Ukraine. Diagnostics using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed presence of antigens of viruses belonging to Tobamovirus (PMMoV, ToMV), Cucumovirus (CMV) and Tobravirus (TRV) genera in sap of tomato plants. When studying viral diseases of tomatoes, monoinfection was shown to be prevalent. Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was most common.
Y-chromosome STR variation in Ukrainian populations
Authors: Utevska O. , Atramentova L. , Balanovska E. , Balanovsky O.
Published: August 2016

The haplotype and allele frequencies for 17 STR loci of Y-chromosome were obtained for 1151 indigenous Ukrainians from 13 regional populations representing the major territorial subdivisions of Ukraine. There were no significant inter-population differences. The genetic subdivisions within Ukraine was revealed between Polesie, western and eastern forest-steppe populations. The highest microsatellite variability was observed along the edges of Ukrainian area – in the Carpathian region, Bukovina, Sloboda Ukraine; the lowest – in Polesie. The average haplotype diversity values are higher in the steppe and forest-steppe zones, than in Polesie and the Carpathians. Forensic parameters were calculated: total haplotype diversity HD = 0,998855, match probability MP = 0.00114508, the discrimination capacity DC = 0,89400521.
Intense, Pervasive and Shared Faculty Dialogue: Generating Understanding and Identifying “Hotspots” in Five Days
Authors: Janke Emily , Holland Barbara , Medlin Kristin
Published: August 2016

Once an institution has chosen to recognize and reward community-engaged scholarship in its university-wide promotion and tenure policy, what are some strategies for aligning unit and department policies as well? This chapter describes the path followed at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro to align policies across all units and departments. Discussed are core strategies used to generate faculty support for community-engaged scholarship in promotion and tenure policy and practice, the themes revealed as a result of a weeklong dialogue initiative, and recommendations for continued improvement.
Community-Engaged Faculty: A Must for Preparing Impactful Ed.D. Graduates
Authors: Peterson Deborah , Perry Jill Alexa , Dostilio Lina , Zambo Debby
Published: August 2016

Since its inception nine years ago, CPED members have re-envisioned and implemented a new purpose for the professional practice doctorate in education, or Ed.D. This new purpose is grounded in the goal of preparing doctoral students to serve as scholarly practitioners, those who engage community as stakeholders in the process of improving problems of practice. Forming practitioners to be leaders in their communities under the CPED framework requires faculty who look beyond traditional roles by embEd.D.ing themselves in communities to work alongside practitioners working to transform their communities. Unfortunately, at many institutions, community-engagement is considered counter-normative to the traditional interpretation of research, teaching, and service, though it need not be. This paper will discuss the implications of CPED's community-engagement principle for Ed.D. programs, institutional policies, and academic environments in which community-engaged faculty do their work and the importance of these faculty members in the design of the Education Doctorate.
Incorporating Community Engagement Language into Promotion and Tenure Policies: One University’s Journey
Authors: Pelco Lynn E. , Howard Catherine
Published: August 2016

This case study describes the campus context and process for successfully including community engagement language into promotion and tenure policies at Virginia Commonwealth University, a high research, urban public university. The paper also describes barriers our campus faced during the promotion and tenure policy revision process, especially myths that emerged surrounding community-engaged work in the academy. We describe key supports that facilitated a successful process, including the important champions who played roles on our campus.
基于道路工程路基路面结构及设计的研究
Authors: 李 石
Published: August 2016

新市场经济体制下，交通运输行业的发展将对国民经济的增长造成极大的影响，这也是国家重视道路工程设计的直接原因。作为道

路工程结构的中重要组成部分，路基路面设计是否良好将对工程建设的整体质量造成极大的影响。为此，设计单位必须重视路基路面结构设计，

按照线形设计原则，加大施工力度，才能确保道路工程路基路面设计的合理性。要想提高市政道路路面和路基建设的质量，需要建设施工单位的

工作做到有效，深入，保证工程设计时效性，要做好施工项目的管理工作。此外外，相关政府部门还要确立路面和路基设计合理化与工程施工标

准化，通过各方的共同努力，会使市政道路交通的建设向规范化，技术化，生态化，人性化的方向发展。给人们的出行带来更大的便利。促进经

济社会的快速发展。
节能理念在建筑设计的应用分析
Authors: 黄 森
Published: August 2016

国家在不断的进步，能源成为社会发展的主要的源泉，建筑在施工建设和实用中能源和材料消耗巨大，目前，建筑行业消耗约占全

国总能耗的30%。为了整个社会的可持续发展，我们应该以实现可持续发展和绿色环保为基础，将绿色节能理念渗入建筑设计的各个环节，从而

给人们提供绿色、节能、舒适的空间。
论室内空间设计与室内设计风格
Authors: 高 崇辉
Published: August 2016

室内设计是人类追求精神文明和物质富足的产物，是人类追求生活的一种方式。室内空间形态设计是室内设计的核心，影响着室内

空间利用及建筑基本功能的实现，具体分为物理空间设计和心理空间设计两大部分。随着人们生活水平的不断提升，室内设计风格逐渐成为了业

主与设计公司关注的重要问题。文章通过对室内空间设计和风格设计两方面进行探讨，分析他们的特点以及它们在室内设计中的作用，为未来室内设计的发展趋势提供依据
浅谈苏州地铁月亮湾站公共区火灾排烟设计
Authors: 唐 卫
Published: August 2016

城市化水平在稳步中有所提升，现代城市面临着新的制约因素--交通压力。为有效缓解路上的拥堵问题，很多城市纷纷开始建设地

铁交通。而地铁，大多数在地下运行，对其防排烟进行科学设计极为迫切。我们在设计地铁内部的防排烟系统时，除要遵循行业规范和基本要求

外，还需充分把控现有的防排烟技术。需从现实的角度对设计阶段中遇到的问题进行分析和改进，维护交通消防的安全性、科学性。
湿式电除尘技术及其在电厂的应用前景分析
Authors: 王 江
Published: August 2016

煤炭资源是我国主要的能源，我国的煤炭资源约占世界总储量的11%。我国既是世界上第一大产煤国，又是世界上第一大煤矿消费

国。据有关部门统计，我国的燃煤发电厂每年消耗的煤炭资源已经占到了我国煤炭总消费量50%以上，造成了严重的环境污染。据环保部门研究

显示，我国的PM2.5等一系列的大气污染主要来自燃烧煤炭、燃烧石油以及大规模的基建工作，燃烧煤炭带来的污染居所有污染之首，而在我国

煤炭的燃烧主要是用于火电厂的发电，因此为了解决各类环境问题，我们必须强化火电厂的除尘技术。
道路工程软土地基处理方案选择研究
Authors: 廖 军
Published: August 2016

随着我国经济的快速发展，我国的交通网络越来越发达，不同类型的公路工程项目逐渐增多。在当前我国相关公路工程的建设施工

中，对于软土地基的处理仍存在诸多问题，这也在一定程度上降低了公路工程的品质。对软土地基处理不当，就会造成道路工程极易产生路面沉

降破坏，严重影响市民正常生活的出行安全。本文重点针对道路工程软土地基处理方案选择进行相关探讨。
道路桥梁试验检测技术研究
Authors: 徐 永吉
Published: August 2016

要提高道路桥梁工程建筑的质量，就要加强对施工的每一个环节的质量检测，来保障工程整体的质量。而试验检测技术对工程质量

起到决定性的作用，因此，要增强对试验检测技术的研究，提高检测结果的精准性，从而有效的实现道路桥梁检测的实时化、图像化、数字化以

及智能化的目标。鉴于此，本文对道路桥梁试验检测技术进行了分析探讨，仅供参考。
浅析如何做好公路工程施工现场管理
Authors: 王 勰焱
Published: August 2016

随着我国经济的快速发展，不断推动了我国交通运输建设项目的发展。公路工程作为重要的交通运输项目，越来越体现出它的重要

性。人们生活水平的不断提高，使得汽车的数量在不断地增加，为此就需要完善公路工程的施工现场管理工作，保证公路工程的施工质量。当前

大部分的公路工程施工建设项目往往将重点放在经济效益上，没有将施工现场管理工作有效地完成，因此在公路工程的施工现场管理中，需要不

断的完善管理措施，促进施工项目的顺利完成。为此，本文就如何做好公路工程施工现场管理工作进行分析和探讨。
水泥改良土路基填筑试验工艺总结
Authors: 刘 法果
Published: August 2016

随着我国铁建事业的发展，西北部地区迎来重大时机，我国西北地区有很多干旱、半干旱沙漠地区，通过室内试验，对水泥改良土

的物理性质、应力应变关系、强度特性进行了初步研究，试验结果表明：最大干密度随水泥掺合比的增加变化不明显；水泥土的应力应变以脆性

破坏为主；经水泥改良后的风积沙具有良好的水稳定性，强度损失大幅减少，6%水泥土为满足要求的最佳掺量。
PLC在工业电气自动化中的应用与研究
Authors: 孟 庆高
Published: August 2016

PLC技术，在当前科学技术迅猛发展的环境下，作为一个新的技术在各个行业中都得到了广泛的应用，在电气自动化中PLC技术更

是应用非常的普遍。因为具有较高的可靠性、较为完善的功能、所耗费的能源较低、维护比较简单且价格比较便宜等，使得传统工业系统中存在

的控制力较差的现象得以改善，促进了自动化控制能力的提升，同时也极大的减少了能源消耗。
城市轨道交通工程造价的全过程控制
Authors: 沈 丹凤
Published: August 2016

近些年我国的交通事业得到了很大的进步，相关的工程项目规模和数量持续增多，轨道交通建设是其中重要的一项组成内容。城市

轨道交通又是一项庞大而又复杂的综合性工程，其具有投资巨大、专业众多、工况复杂、协调单位多、投资控制难度大的特点。而全过程造价控

制在城市轨道交通项目中重要任务是如何将城市轨道交通建设的投资客观、合理、有效地控制在一定的范围内。目前我国在城市轨道交通建设造

价控制中仍然存在一定的问题，为了进一步加强对工程造价的管理，文章将就轨道交通工程全过程造价控制方式展开探讨。
电力调度数据网双平面原理及厂站端接入方法
Authors: 林 浩
Published: August 2016

为适应福建电网安全稳定运行的需要，满足电网调度在正常运行和应急状态下对生产控制数据安全可靠传输的要求，为备用调度建

设及智能调度技术支持系统提供可靠的技术支撑，依据《国家电网调度数据网第二平面（SGDnet-2）总体技术方案》要求，福建电力调度数据网

将进行改造，形成以“骨干网第一、二平面”、“省调接入网”和“地调接入网”为框架构成的调度数据网络。泉州供电公司调度数据网也配合主

站要求进行改造，厂站端综自系统将配合主站要求进行改造调试。
房建施工中后浇带施工技术探究
Authors: 赵 瑞
Published: August 2016

后浇带技术是一种在近些年来刚刚得到广泛应用的施工技术，建筑施工方引进这种技术的目的，在于对施工裂缝的预防和维护。后

浇带技术的实施目标，便是为了避免钢筋混凝土因热胀冷缩产生了过大应力差而导致建筑结构出现裂缝。而后浇带技术，便是在构件预留部分填

充混凝土，使结构于整体上成为一个完全体，从而提高建筑的质量与稳定性。
高速铁路桥涵过渡段施工质量控制
Authors: 国 帅
Published: August 2016

笔者认为过渡段施工要抓住要点，分清轻重缓急。采用合适的施工工艺及控制措施，试验参数等要不断的进行优化。对填料质量及

均匀性控制、压实控制、检测频次与数量等，施工方现场施工员和技术员先进行自检、质检员复检合格后，向监理工程师报验，严格按照建设程

序和验标要求进行检查和检测只有这样对整个施工过程的改进，才能进一步加强高速铁路桥涵过渡段质量控制。
核电厂室外管线施工影响因素浅析
Authors: 车 玲玉
Published: August 2016

核电站具有施工单位多，工期长，管线纵横，工艺复杂，质量要求高等特点。室外管线的施工规划是核电站建设施工总平面管理的

一项重要内容，现场的生产、生活必须依托其开展。昌江核电前期准备是用时最短的一个，厂区室外管网的建设满足工程进展需求面临着极大的

困难与挑战。核电厂室外管网综合设计是一项涉及专业多、接口多、交叉多、协调工作量大、协同设计繁杂的工作，且基于厂址条件等方面的不

同，每个电厂总图及管网布置都不相同，不同核电项目之间设计的复用性较差。
滑模施工中常出问题及控制措施
Authors: 吴 阿龙
Published: August 2016

高层建筑在中国目前的建设以及城市未来的规划与发展的过程当中是非常重要的一个环节。目前国家对高层建筑的质量要求也越来

越严格。高层建筑的施工工艺非常复杂，滑模施工作为最常见的施工工艺，对提高高层建筑物的施工速度、提高高层建筑物结构整体稳定性有着

积极的促进作用。但是这种施工工艺在滑升过程中会存在一些不可忽视的问题，施工单位普遍存在墙体水平裂缝与滑模设备移位的问题。本文结

合施工单位滑模施工的实例，指出施工中常出现的问题，并探讨控制措施对滑模施工的重要性，分析控制措施，以供各位同仁交流参考。
混凝土路面结构的裂缝及其控制
Authors: 王 加斌
Published: August 2016

目前对大体积混凝土裂缝的研究已经比较成熟。但混凝土路面属于小体积大面积的结构，并没有引起过多的关注。实际上这类小体

积大面积的混凝土结构虽然混凝土本身水化热总量比大体积混凝土低得多，但是却更容易受到外界环境的影响而形成温差裂缝裂缝，也容易受基

层影响而产生沉降裂缝。通过合理的方法对水热化裂缝进行分析和研究，找到相应的解决办法，水化热裂裂缝才能得到全面控制。
建筑环境与暖通空调节能
Authors: 田 吉勤
Published: August 2016

暖通空调的节能是建筑节能的主要工作，应该引起足够的重视。建筑环境对于暖通空调系统的能耗有较大影响，室外环境和室内环

境的不同，使得建筑暖通空调系统的能耗差别较大。随着人们对绿色建筑、节能减排的重视程度越来越高，如何充分利用现有的空调节能技术，

在保证建筑使用功能不受到影响的前提下，尽可能的减少暖通空调的能耗，是我们需要重点考虑的问题，也值得进一步的探究和分析。
建筑机械设备安全管理探讨
Authors: 吴 素德
Published: August 2016

建筑企业的机械设备，是完成施工任务的物资基础。建筑机械施工的安全管理工作在建筑企业运作中占有重要位置.影响工程机械设备

使用性能的因素有很多，只有在实际施工的过程中，充分了解影响设备使用性能的各种因素，提前做好更加充分的准备工作，以此来提高工程机械设

备的使用率，并积极对机械设备进行日常维护，从而降低生产成本，获得更大的利润。本文对建筑机械设备科学维护与安全管理进行了探讨。
浅谈房建框架结构施工
Authors: 苏 立西
Published: August 2016

框架结构是现代建筑的主流模型，已经得到广泛应用。建筑框架的结构设计对整个框架结构的建筑有重要作用，框架结构的设计既

可以保障建筑安全，也是体现建筑功能的灵魂和支点。我国在房建施工中经常回出现质量问题，因此房建的施工人员要加大控制建筑框架结构施

工的质量，减少因施工质量而引发的各种事故。本文就着重阐述了房建框架结构施工要点，并提出了加强施工管理，提高施工质量的措施，旨在

促进房地产业的健康稳步发展。
浅谈我国环境检测中存在的问题及解决措施
Authors: 幸 奠芳
Published: August 2016

我国的经济发展在经历了高速阶段以后现在更是越加的发展平稳，这对于国内的一些基础环境提出了更加高的要求。所以对于我国

环境检测中存在的问题及解决措施也是近些年以来重要的环境保护项目之一。所以其环境检测的质量也得到了较为广泛的重识，在这其中对于环

境检测中存在的问题及解决措施能力也有了更加严格的要求，所以我们在下文中着重的对环境检测中存在的问题及解决措施进行具体的研究。
实物保护系统在突发事件时执行能力分析
Authors: 张 倩
Published: August 2016

实物保护系统（简称PPS）是指采用探测、延迟及反应的技术能力，阻止破坏核设施的行为和防止盗窃、抢劫或非法转移核材料活动

的安全防范系统，是核电厂安全稳定运行的重要保障。本文以核电厂管理人员的角度，通过在日常工作中发现的问题加以分析、概括、总结，主

要就实物保护系统人防、技防两方面在在突发事件时的执行能力进行了简单的分析。
水利水电工程地质勘察与建筑岩土勘察之别
Authors: 王 若娴
Published: August 2016

程地质学是研究人类工程活动与地质环境相互作用的科学，主要是应用地质学，尤其是构造地质学理论，解决工程建设中的问题。本文通过阐述工程地质与岩土工程学科研究对象与内容的异同，论述水利水电工程与建筑工程在土的分类、岩土地质标准的制定、勘察报告的编写以及水利水电工程地质的特殊性与复杂性、实践性与经验性。说明水利水电工程地质勘察与建筑岩土工程勘察有本质区别。
谈燃气工程施工现场安全管理
Authors: 王 勇
Published: August 2016

燃气作为一种高效的新型燃料，已经得到了广大用户的喜爱和认可，逐渐成为城市能源消费的主力军。但是因为燃气有易燃易爆的

特点，安全问题也就油然而生。为了保障燃气工程安全，防患于未然，有必要实施严格的安全检查工作，充分认识何处为检查的重点以及什么属于不安全状态和不安全行为。只有充分认识这些不安全因素，才能制定切实可行的有效的安全施工措施，使安全管理工作得到落实和改进
岩土锚固的现状与发展
Authors: 陈 宝敏
Published: August 2016

随着我国大力兴建基础设施，特别是对交通、能源、水利和城市基础设施建设力度的加大，岩土锚固将展示出十分广阔的应用前景。

近年来，岩土工程技术发生了天翻地覆的变化，而其中，岩土锚固技术以其新颖的理念和巨大的优势，当之无愧的成为其中最具有革命意义的一

项技术革新。本文将在总结现今的岩土锚固技术的最新突破的基础上，指出了存在的问题和发展方向。
Advances in the Basicneeds Mental Health Services and Development Model of Mental Illness in Rural China
Authors: Chen Shao , Zhang Yunshu , Cao Jinghua , Li Keqing
Published: August 2016

Basicneeds Foundation as an international charitable organization，after years of efforts，it explores a suitable for the development of mental health services and the development model and developed countries.It makes the majority of mental health patients recover their health, social function and the ability to work has been restored.Since 2012, carried out in China, also made a lot of results.This article starts from Basicneeds’s five modules, which were summarized in China Baoding Shunping rural areas, for mental illness research progress.At the same time, the Basicneeds group also hopes to improve its model, making it more suitable for the situation in China, and in more places be promoted.
初探园林设计中的多感官应用
Authors: 朱 玲雅
Published: August 2016

随着社会的进步、物质生活的不断发展，人们对于多样性感官的追求也越来越重要起来。在现代园林设计中，给游人多层次的景观

体验已经渐渐成为园林设计工作者的基本目标。本文通过研究园林设计中多感官景观的应用特点，逐步梳理出将人类感官融入到园林设计中的基

本方法。基于此，希望能够对园林设计的多样性发展提供一些绵薄之力。
灯光设计在园林景观中的应用解析
Authors: 刘 叶
Published: August 2016

灯光对人类的重要作用不言而喻，早在远古时代人们就懂得用火把来照明，改善夜晚的能见度。随着生活的不断改善，人们的照明工

具也由最初的火把到灯笼，到普通的电灯，再到如今色彩各异形态万千的灯具。随着科技的日益发展，人们已经逐渐告别了“日出而作，日落而息”

的时代，灯光丰富了人们的夜间生活，让漫漫长夜不再只是月亮一颗“明珠”，还拥有无数的点点“繁星”，使得“灯火阑珊处”已经不再稀有。
风景园林的植物景观设计要点探究
Authors: 宇文 思名
Published: August 2016

园林艺术是时间与空间的造型艺术，园林中的植物景观是园林要素的重要组成部分，根据绿地功能不同，对植物配置要求不同。同

一功能的绿地，由于所处的位置、周围环境不同，对植物配置的要求也不同。因此，园林绿化工作者在进行植物景观设计时，应根据具体位置和

空间环境进行具体分析和体会，在创造良好生态环境的同时，只有重视植物材料中园林空间景观营造只的应用，合理配置，才能创造出丰富多彩

的园林空间。
公园景观的设计理念与设计元素分析
Authors: 程 玉萍
Published: August 2016

公园景观设计的核心思想是景观设计的理念，同时也是公园景观设计的方向和基础。公园景观设计元素的有效和科学利用的前提就

是清晰明确的公园景观设计理念。在现代的园林景观的设计过程中，为了充分满足人们对园林景观设计的高要求，设计师要将“以人为本”的设

计理念融入其中，不同区域的公园景观设计也立足于当地的环境和生态条件，结合艺术和文化理念进行设计，自然元素和人工元素的合理统筹在

公园景观设计中需要加强关注，从而提高公园景观的观赏价值。
景观园林设计中立体构成要素的应用与形式
Authors: 常 海霞
Published: August 2016

目前城市景观园林建设越来越被重视，对景观园林设计的要求也越来越高。立体构成艺术作为创造立体和空间形态的一种造型活动，

对景观园林的设计起着重要的作用。本文将立体构成的基本要素点、线、面和体与景观园林空间中的造型要素进行结合分析，论述了立体构成在

景观园林设计中的构成方法，重点研究了立体构成在景观园林中的艺术表现形式。
浅谈园林水景
Authors: 肖 连成
Published: August 2016

水是生命的符号，它带来生命和思索，作为自然界中极为生动的景观，早以成为园林艺术中不可缺少的、最富魅力的一种园林要素。

本文重点探讨了园林水景的作用、构成、形式、设计要点的概念、设计的基本原则等。
浅析园林规划设计与原生态保护
Authors: 沈 晓安
Published: August 2016

综合当前我国诸多城市园林规划建设实际情况，其已经渗透在城市诸多方面中，比如公园、广场、街头等。接下来需要作出的努

力就是，加强原生态保护，改善人们的生存环境，同时促进自然生态环境良好发展，为实现我国可持续发展宏伟目标而努力。基于此，在园林

规划设计中注意加强原生态保护是非常重要的一部分。本文也就此展开园林规划设计与原生态保护之间关系的分析，探究如何进行园林规划设

计，保护原生态。
色彩景观在园林设计中的应用研究
Authors: 宋 岩
Published: August 2016

随着社会进程的不断演化，人们的物质生活水平逐步提高，精神层次上的追求日益重要。世界是多元的，在其多元化的元素中，

色彩拥有着举足轻重的地位。色彩景观对于园林设计的重要性已经日渐凸显，它不仅对整体园林环境的观感及协调性有着较大的影响，也对于

参与其中游人的心理具有强烈的暗示效应。在本文中，笔者通过对色彩景观应用的原则及方法进行研究，并结合实际项目，梳理了色彩景观在

应用中的关键点。
园林绿化工程施工管理存在的问题及对策
Authors: 孙 增杰
Published: August 2016

随着我国城市经济的快速发展，城市园林绿化工程也是越来越多，但现在园林绿化建设中对施工管理缺乏足够的重视，导致园林

绿化工程施工效率低，成本大幅度上升，极大的影响了园林绿化工程施工管理水平的提高。当前，城市现代化建设步伐在日益加快，城市园林

绿化受到了社会的更多关注。本文针对园林绿化工程施工管理过程中存在的几类问题进行分析，并就如何解决这些问题，提高园林施工管理效

率提出几点建议。
园林施工中节能型技术的应用研究
Authors: 岳 宗森
Published: August 2016

近年来，随着自然资源变得越来越枯竭，节能技术的应用成为园林施工过程中一个十分重要的方面，园林施工是城市建设过程中的

重要组成部分。近年来，随着自然资源变得越来越枯竭，节能技术的应用成为园林施工过程中一个十分重要的方面，园林施工是城市建设过程中

的重要组成部分。本文对园林施工中节能型技术的应用进行分析和探讨，旨在提高园林施工效率。
Corporatism and Big Pharma
Authors: Stoesz David , Robinson Myra , Carrero-Iglesia Yomaira , Curry Desiree , Selph Tylencia , Sidoti Rebecca
Published: August 2016

The pharmaceutical industry has leveraged public policy to its benefit, prohibiting the federal government from discounts on drug prices through bulk purchases while using the tax code to develop Patient Assistance Foundations to claim charitable contributions as well as justifying moving income overseas to reduce tax liability. Consumers and taxpayers are left covering the costs of Big Pharma’s corporatism. Regulatory reforms are proposed to make drug companies more socially responsible.
Small And Medium Enterprises Training For Survival In A Competitive World
Authors: Caroline Ndiritu , Anne Ndiritu , Harriet Kidombo
Published: August 2016

This study explored the influence of Total Quality Management practices on performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. Youth Projects in Kajiado County, Kenya were used as the target population. One of the key TQM management practices is training of employees. The study sort to determine the influence of training of employees on performance on SMEs. The study was carried out on 168 youth group projects in Kajiado County.Questionnaires and interviews were used as research instruments. For triangulation purpose, the interview schedule was used to confirm the information captured by the questionnaire. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. The study used mixed method approach in the collection and analysis, to capture both the qualitative and quantitative data.Spearman’s correlation was used to test the relationship between training and performance of SMEs. The analyses indicated a moderately positive relationship between training and performance of SMEs in Kajiado county which was statistically significant rs=0.400, p=0.600.Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, it is recommended that to improve the performance of the youth groups, they should strive to ensure their product in the market is superior. This can only be ensured by equipping their employees with proper skills, knowledge and values through training.
La Mecanique En Classe De Seconde Scientifique : Analyses Des Styles Pedagogiques Et Des Documents Iconographiques Dans Le Manuel Intitule Physique Chimie (Collection Arex), En Usage Actuel En Cote d’Ivoire
Authors: Nguessan Kouamé
Published: August 2016

This contribution sets out, through the analysis of the teaching styles, the texts and graphic material of the six chapters about Mechanics of the handbook Physique Chimie (Collection AREX, Les classiques africains) of the first years of high school science classes, to highlight the difficulties and obstacles that the teacher or the student face in using it.. The results of the analysis from the epistemological and didactic benchmarks knowledge to teach the mechanics show that the manual emphasizes the use of more informative teaching style and that of the illustrative figures to state the knowledge to be taught. Thus, the approaches used do not refer to a real problematization and do not allow students to be independent and productive; they are not actively and intellectually engage students in the learning process. Faced with the passivity of the student in the acquisition of knowledge, it thus seems necessary to include in the training of the teacher, a teacher training course based on understanding of texts and teaching styles to support a constructivist pedagogy class.
La représentation du policier dans les téléfilms Ivoiriens
Authors: Akadje Mathieu A.
Published: August 2016

Studying the representation of the policeman in television movies, this is partly to describe the symbolical state of the public force in the Ivorian society. This symbolic goes by the embodiment of the police function through the image of a representative of the order, acting within the framework of the police institution. This study aims at identifying the essential features of the filmic representation of the policeman and get interested in the way the society relates itself its police. The qualitative method and content analysis helped to highlight the delinquency of the policeman by filmmakers. This filmic representation of the policeman appears as a mirror of the social changes that stirs the Ivorian society.
Influence of Work-Family-Conflict and Gender on Parenting Styles among Working Parents in Makurdi Metropolis
Authors: Mase Judith Ayangeawam , Tyokyaa Tertindi Lordsent
Published: August 2016

Parenting styles provide the basis for many developmental outcomes during childhood and beyond. Proper parenting is required for the children to properly adjust in their adult life, as poor parenting has been considered a risk factor for problem behaviour in childhood and later adulthood. This study therefore, examines the influence of work-family conflict on parenting styles among working parents in Makurdi metropolis. A cross-sectional survey was adopted in carrying out the study. A total of 236 working parents involving 108(45.8%) male and 128(54.2%) female parents within the age range of 23-54 years, mean age of 31.84, (SD=8.96) were sampled from a population of working parents in Makurdi metropolis. The Parental Care Scale (Baunmnd, 1991) and Work-Family Conflict Scale (Netemeyer, et al., 1996) were used for the purpose of data collection. Simple linear regression analysis and MANOVA were used in testing the hypotheses. Results revealed a significant influence of work-family conflict on parenting styles among the working parents. A significant difference was also found between male and female working parents on parenting styles. It was concluded that work-family conflict is a significant determinant of parenting styles and that differences in parenting styles also exist between male and female parents. Implications for working parents were discussed and recommendations were also made.
Evaluation In Vitro De L’activité Antimicrobienne Des Extraits De Cassia Alata Linn. (Fabaceae)
Authors: Pissang Passimna , Agban Amégninou , Hoekou Yao Patrick , Tchacondo Tchadjobo , Sadji Adodo Yao , Effoe Stéphane , Karou Simplice Damintoti , Batawila Komlan
Published: August 2016

Cassia alata (Linn) is a Togolese flora plant traditionally used in the treatment of skin diseases and diarrhea. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity and to highlight certain phytochemical total and fractionated extracts of this plant harvested in southern Togo. These extracts were obtained from polar solvents such as water, ethanol and ethanol / water mixture in equal volume. Microbial strains used consisted of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca and yeasts, Candida albicans and Candida krusei. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the liquid medium dilution method coupled to spread on solid medium. Highlighting chemical groups was made by a brief qualitative phytochemical analysis from staining tests. The results show that the ethanol leaves crude extract (EBE) was the most active of all the tested microbial strains. This extract completely inhibited the growth of S. aureus (MIC = 1.25mg/ ml.); very strongly C. albicans (PI = 94.34 % ) and C. krusei (PI = 90.67% ) and strongly E. coli ( PI = 80%) and K. oxytoca (PI=79.14 %). The other extracts were active in some organisms with percentage inhibition (PI) of between 68 and 97 %. The phytochemical screening of some extracts revealed the presence of flavonoïdes, tannins and saponins. C. alata seems to contain compounds that interact to inhibit the growth of yeasts and bacteria. These results in part to justify the use of this plant in the Togolese traditional medicines.
Holistic Health Model Of Sustainable Development
Authors: Mato-Juhasz Annamaria , Kiss-Toth Emoke , Szegedi Krisztina
Published: August 2016

Health can be interpreted not only as an important element of sustainable development. It is connected to its all the three pillars namely its environmental, economic and social dimension as well. Health can be found directly or indirectly in every goal related to sustainable development. Considering the importance of health, the aim of our research was to elaborate a holistic health conscious model encouraging sustainable development. Holistic health conscious model means a model including the physical, psychical and mental health of the individual. Furthermore, besides the responsibility of the individual environmental effects are also taken into account as well as the intervening factors. In addition, it integrates the aspect of sustainable development. In our research, first of all we were looking for the answer to the following (1) what kind of stakeholders play a role in developing health consciousness? (2) What is the role of individuals, the state, the companies and NGOs in developing health consciousness? The article presents the holistic health model which was created as a result of the empirical research.
Farmer’s Awareness on Effective Delivery of Farm Information through ICT Mediated Extension Service in Bangladesh
Authors: Moon Sadia Jahan , Miah M. Abdul Momen , Berg Trygve
Published: August 2016

The main focus of the study was to find out the level of awareness about effective delivery of farm information to the farmers through ICT mediated extension service in Bangladesh. The factors influencing awareness of the farmers and the problems faced by the farmers in getting farm information were also explored. Data were collected from a sample of 100 farmers out of 700. A structured interview schedule and check list were used in collection of data through face to face interviewing and focus group discussion (FGD) during October to November in 2012. The awareness was measured by using a 3 point rating scale and appropriate weights were assigned to each of the responses. By adding the weights of responses awareness score was calculated. The effectiveness of ICT mediated extension services was considered based on amount of information being supplied, acceptability, diversity, demand driven and outcome in using information by the farmers. About two-thirds (68 percent) of the farmers had moderate awareness while almost one fourth (26 percent) having high and only 6 percent had low awareness about effective delivery of farm information by ICT centers. The level of education, farm size, family size, annual income, training exposure, organizational participation and extension media contact of the farmers were significantly correlated with their awareness. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that out of 9, four variables such as organizational participation, annual income, farm size and family size of the farmers combinedly explain 50 percent variance regarding awareness of effective delivery of farm information. Rendering inadequate services of field extension agents, frequent power disruption, lack of skilled manpower (extension agents) at ICT centers, lack of training facilities for the farmers, and poor supervision and monitoring of field extension activities were the major problems as mentioned by the farmers for effective dissemination of farm information.
POLÍTICAS EM DISPUTA NO ENSINO MÉDIO: UM CONSENSO EXCLUDENTE?
Authors: Ferreira Eliza Bartolozzi , Ventorim Silvana , Santos Wagner Dos
Published: August 2016

O artigo desenvolve um esquema de interpretação a partir da implantação dos programas curriculares e de formação dos professores, combinados com aplicação de exames obrigatórios de avaliação. Faz crítica às acentuadas assimetrias que constituem as políticas educacionais para o Ensino Médio baseadas no consenso da maioria sobre o seu direito, mas cujo exercício exclui sua capacidade de promover a integração e a coesão social. As análises são desenvolvidas a partir de pesquisa realizada no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Formação dos Professores do Ensino Médio, por meio de dados coletados com trabalhadores docentes participantes do PNEM no Espírito Santo, no período de 2014-1015.
ENSEÑAR EN LA ESCUELA SECUNDARIA. CONDICIONES DE TRABAJO EN LA ARGENTINA DE COMIENZOS DEL SIGLO XXI
Authors: Menghini Raúl A. , Migliavacca Adriana Graciela , Rocha Stella Maris Más
Published: August 2016

En Argentina, los primeros años del nuevo siglo han sido escenario de experiencias de rebelión popular que plantearon profundos cuestionamientos al consenso neoliberal hegemónico de décadas anteriores. Como estrategia de recomposición de la legitimidad institucional, los gobiernos kirchneristas apelaron a la canalización de algunas expectativas encumbradas en los tiempos de la crisis, pero desarticulando, también, otras que se mostraron tributarias de una perspectiva de radicalización profunda de la sociedad. En el plano de la política educacional, el dimensionamiento de los impactos regresivos de las reformas de los 90 operó como el telón de fondo de un nuevo marco de regulaciones. Desde esta caracterización, nos proponemos reconstruir las directrices que el nuevo marco legal nacional le confiere a las políticas destinadas a regular el trabajo de los profesores de educación secundaria, haciendo especial hincapié en el análisis de los cambios introducidos en las condiciones laborales y en los dispositivos de formación.
O PROCESSO DE AVALIAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DO NACIONAL DE PÓS- GRADUAÇÃO: IDENTIFICA A CAPES E A DIFERENCIA DAS OUTRAS AGÊNCIAS
Authors: Velloso da Silveira Monica Maria Rebelo , Rocha-Neto Ivan
Published: August 2016

Este texto é o resultado do levantamento de dois pontos de inflexão integrados, comentado por profissionais que viveram estes momentos considerados relevantes para os êxitos obtidos pelas políticas traçadas pela Capes e para a formação da sua cultura organizacional. Procuramos apresentar os acontecimentos sob o ponto de vista pessoal dos atores e colaboradores envolvidos nos eventos, elucidando lacunas geradoras do conhecimento tácito, transmitido pela comunicação oral, característica dominante na cultura da Capes. Neste momento, inicia-se outro ciclo com a implantação da Plataforma Sucupira como base de referência do Sistema Nacional de Pós-Graduação.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES TEÓRICAS PARA COMPREENDER E AMAR A CRIANÇA
Authors: Valença Vera Lúcia Chacon , Simiano Maristela Pandini
Published: August 2016

O propósito deste artigo é apresentar algumas contribuições a respeito da criança e da infância a partir da compreensão de especialistas, tais como Francesco Tonucci, Gilles Brougère, Wiliam Corsaro, Janusz Korczak, Alain Renaut, Clarice Cohn, entre outros. Uma revisão teórica não exaustiva permitiu a busca de pontos de proximidades/distanciamentos entre esses autores de diversos campos disciplinares que utilizam/utilizaram, em suas investigações, observações de crianças em diferentes espaços: pátios de escola, cidades, aldeias, etc. Eles concordam com a existência de uma criança ativo-participativa, real, existente no presente. Ressaltam a influência do contexto cultural como um dos determinantes fundamentais da socialização, apresentam conceitos diferentes, inclusive sobre cultura, e também atribuem significados distintos a termos aparentemente semelhantes.
“LOCALES Y COSMOPOLITAS” UN ANÁLISIS DE LAS LÓGICAS ORGANIZATIVAS DIVERSAS EN LAS INSTITUCIONES DE ENSEÑANZA MEDIA DE URUGUAY
Authors: Santos Leandro Pereira de los , Marrero Adriana
Published: August 2016

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar cómo un par de conceptos que fueron formulados hace ya mucho tiempo por Alvin Gouldner y Esther Newcomb (locales y cosmopolitas), son útiles, todavía, para entender las diferentes lógicas de relacionamiento dentro de las organizaciones burocráticas modernas. Para ello, analizamos los discursos de los docentes, estudiantes de educación media y estudiantes terciarios, en el marco del Programa Compromiso Educativo que ha venido siendo desarrollado en instituciones públicas de Uruguay, desde el año 2011.
Lumbar Posterior Apophyseal Ring Fracture Combined with Spondylolysis in Pediatric Athletes
Authors: Tamaki Shunsuke , Yamashita Kazuta , Higashino Kosaku , Sakai Toshinori , Takata Yoichiro , Sairyo Koichi
Published: August 2016

Case:

Lumbar posterior apophyseal ring fracture is an uncommon finding in children, but lumbar spondylolysis is a common disorder. Both disorders are prevalent in young athletes. We describe 3 adolescent athletes who showed both lumbar spondylolysis and lumbar posterior apophyseal ring fracture. Because lumbar spondylolysis is comparatively easy to diagnose, a concurrent posterior lumbar apophyseal ring fracture is likely to be overlooked.

Conclusion:

In patients with severe low back and radicular pain in whom spondylolysis is suspected, it is important to perform not only magnetic resonance imaging and radiography but also computed tomography for identifying posterior apophyseal ring fractures.
Experimental Investigation on Brazilian Tensile Strength of Organic-Rich Gas Shale
Authors: Li Hui , Lai Bitao , Liu Hui-Hai , Zhang Jilin , Georgi Daniel
Published: August 2016

Tensile strength is a critical parameter for hydraulic fracturing, predicting fracture initiation and propagation in reservoirs, especially in shale reservoirs with complex natural fractures and fissures. The tensile strength of conventional rocks, such as sandstone and limestone, has been well-studied and -documented. There are many studies of the tensile strength of laminated shale, which focus on scale effects, loading direction, and temperature effects; however, the studies on effects of mineralogy and the water content on tensile strength of organic-rich shales are very limited.

The objectives of this paper are to (1) critically review the key parameters that affect the tensile strength of shale and 2) experimentally examine the effects of water content, mineralogy, and lamination on tensile strength. To do so, a rigorous workflow is followed: 1) Each 1-in.-long shale sample is cut into two subsamples, A and B, of similar length; (2) X-ray computed-tomography (CT) scan is performed to diagnose pre-existing cracks and defects inside the core plugs; (3) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is then used to measure the air dry samples’ water content; (4) Sample A is placed on a load frame to measure the tensile strength; (5) Sample B is vacuumed and then saturated; (6) NMR is used to measure the water content after saturation; (7) tensile strength of the saturated Sample B is measured; and (8) after the sample fails, the pieces are used for X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and pyrolysis to estimate the mineralogy and total organic content (TOC).

A total of 70 Mancos and 48 Eagle Ford shale samples have been tested. The experimental results show that (1) bedding plane/lamination has a significant effect on Eagle Ford tensile strength, but no pronounced impact is observed for the Mancos shale; (2) the imbibed water significantly reduces the tensile strength by 4.4 to 51.7% as water content increases from 4.45 to 11.7%; (3) pre-existing detectable microfractures can significantly reduce the tensile strength by up to 66%; (4) Eagle Ford exhibits typical brittle hard-rock failure configuration, with primary fractures and secondary fractures being observed, whereas for the Mancos shale, only primary fractures are observed; (5) acoustic velocity-test results confirm that Eagle Ford is mechanically transversely isotropic, and Mancos is likely mechanically isotropic.
A Numerical Study on the Thermal Behavior of Wellbores
Authors: Ferreira Marcus V. , Hafemann Thomas E. , Barbosa Jader R. , da Silva Alexandre K. , Hasan Rashid
Published: August 2016

The thermal behavior of a deepwater well was simulated using an existing mathematical model in which a rigorous flow-pattern based multiphase flow model was employed to predict the pressure drop of the hydrocarbon stream. The heat transfer model relied on the energy equation for the hydrocarbon mixture and on a radial thermal resistance network between the wellbore and the formation. Different annulus convection and thermal formation models were evaluated.

Production pressure and temperature results were compared with field data and with a commercial software package, showing good agreement with both. The model was able to capture important quantitative phenomena associated with the wellbore heat transmission (e.g., lithologic column and annulus fluid type). The simulations showed that for short production times the heat transfer to the formation was significantly influenced by the wellbore thermal resistances, namely the cement sheaths and the nitrogen present in the production annulus. As the production time increased, the formation became the dominant thermal resistance. The mathematical model was capable of handling real production scenarios, such as the impact of a watercut time-dependent behavior on the temperature distribution in the wellbore.