bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Students' satisfaction with teaching before and during Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Cvijanović Drago , Mandarić Marija , Ognjanović Jasmina , Sekulić Dejan
Published: March 2022

The aim of paper is to examine students' satisfaction of teaching in the classroom and online teaching. Students' satisfaction is a key determinant of students' loyalty and the spread of positive word-of-mouth, which affects the image of the faculty and the future of its business. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, higher education institutions were forced to quickly adapt to the newly created circumstances in education and switch from classical classroom teaching to online teaching. The paper analyses the current literature on the importance of managing relationships with service users, the concept of students' satisfaction and highlights key factors for teaching. The research was conducted on a suitable sample consisting of third-and fourth-year students at the state faculty in Serbia. The data analysis included 168 validly completed questionnaires and based on these results, the paper discusses the implications and provides guidelines for future research. The study will be useful for teachers to identify factors that will improve the level of students' satisfaction with online teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic and later when teaching return to the classrooms.
Domestic violence in Novi Pazar: The need for modern approach in a traditional society
Authors: Nikšić Jasmina , Ranđelović Dragana , Tesla Milan
Published: March 2022

Domestic violence is a specific, complex and very widespread form of crime that has been marginalized and ignored by our society for years, and which leaves severe, lasting and farreaching consequences. The traditional concept of understanding this phenomenon, in the absence of adequate accompanying mechanisms of protection, has led to inadequate treatment of the police and the judicial authorities, but of other institutions as well. The topic of our paper will be analysis of the criminal justice aspect of domestic violence and the presentation and analysis of statistical data of legal practice in processing of cases of domestic violence on the territory of Novi Pazar municipality. The fact that Novi Pazar does not have extensive research to determine the criminological and sociological framework of domestic violence in this municipality, that the scientific and the professional public, but the media as well, did not deal with this problem sufficiently, points out to one of the main characteristics of the traditional understanding of this form of crime - ignoring the public and treating this form of crime as a family problem that needs to be resolved within the family without involvement of the competent authorities. However, we did not want to point out that members of the patriarchal family are at greater risk of being victims of domestic violence, but what can be concluded is that in patriarchal settings domestic violence is still difficult to recognize as an important social problem, but rather a private a problem that should remain within the intimate sphere of the family. By analyzing the obtained data, we can conclude that there is a tendency for increase of this crime, but also the tendency of a mild penal policy, which points to the urgent need for its multivariate research and animation of the social and the scientific public in this area in order to prevent it, reduce the dark number and protect the victims. It is necessary to intensify the work on the prevention of domestic violence, to strengthen the penal policy towards the perpetrators of this criminal act, but above all freeing from prejudices rooted in the patriarchal settings that domestic violence represents a family problem that needs to be solved within the family itself.
The role of financial technology and entrepreneurial finance practices in funding small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors:   Ph.D. Hab., Institute of Economics, Finance and Management, Jagiellonian University, ul. Prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 4, 30-348 Kraków, Poland, e-mail: piotr.lasak@uj.edu.pl, Łasak Piotr
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE: The traditional sources of financing (bank loans) cannot be treated as an essential source of financing for SMEs in developing countries. For this reason, this group of entities uses many alternative sources, from bootstrapping to microfinance and crowdfunding. During the last decade, a significant contribution in this area has been financial technology. The purpose of this study is threefold: 1) to present the role of financial technologies in financing SMEs, 2) to examine the role of entities based on financial technology in financing SMEs in developing countries, and 3) to consider other non-bank aspects of financing SMEs, leading to the improvement of the financial situation of these entities. The in-depth analysis of these entrepreneurial finance practices will be developed in the following papers presented in this Issue. METHODOLOGY: This study employs a theoretical approach based on a narrative literature review. The primary attention is focused on applying financial technology as a stimulant for the finance of SMEs in developing countries. FINDINGS: As a consequence of the financing gap for SMEs within the traditional financial system, these entities use non-bank financing based on financial technology. The research confirms that financial technology plays a crucial role in fostering the financial situation of SMEs in developing countries and providing greater financial inclusion for these entities. Both, financial technology and enterprises based on this technology contribute significantly to the improvement of efficiency of financing SMEs in emerging markets. They also provide a broader range of services, than were offered by the traditional financial sector. Regarding the other aspects of SME finance, it is essential to implement such ways of financing like microfinance services and crowdfunding. Such funding mechanisms, together with the budget process and the compliance under the conditions of e-tax systems, are important determinants of current entrepreneurial finance. IMPLICATIONS: The paper describes the financing of SMEs in developing countries. The in-depth picture of the SME’s financial situation, focusing on the technological development in this area, provides essential insight into this still poorly explored area. It also offers important premises for shaping the post-pandemic policy to support their further growth. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Despite growing theoretical and empirical literature about entrepreneurship finance, this study aims to contribute to the role of financial technology in this area. The impact of financial technologies and the role of fintech-based entities on SME activity in developing countries are still poorly researched. Moreover, the research provides a brief overview of other SME funding sources and their determinants in this group of countries.
Effector membrane translocation biosensors reveal G protein and βarrestin coupling profiles of 100 therapeutically relevant GPCRs
Authors: Avet Charlotte , Mancini Arturo , Breton Billy , Le Gouill Christian , Hauser Alexander S , Normand Claire , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Gross Florence , Hogue Mireille , Lukasheva Viktoriya , St-Onge Stéphane , Carrier Marilyn , Héroux Madeleine , Morissette Sandra , Fauman Eric B , Fortin Jean-Philippe , Schann Stephan , Leroy Xavier , Gloriam David E , Bouvier Michel
Published: March 2022

The recognition that individual GPCRs can activate multiple signaling pathways has raised the possibility of developing drugs selectively targeting therapeutically relevant ones. This requires tools to determine which G proteins and βarrestins are activated by a given receptor. Here, we present a set of BRET sensors monitoring the activation of the 12 G protein subtypes based on the translocation of their effectors to the plasma membrane (EMTA). Unlike most of the existing detection systems, EMTA does not require modification of receptors or G proteins (except for Gs). EMTA was found to be suitable for the detection of constitutive activity, inverse agonism, biased signaling and polypharmacology. Profiling of 100 therapeutically relevant human GPCRs resulted in 1500 pathway-specific concentration-response curves and revealed a great diversity of coupling profiles ranging from exquisite selectivity to broad promiscuity. Overall, this work describes unique resources for studying the complexities underlying GPCR signaling and pharmacology.
Studies on Soil Physico-chemical Properties in Rice Based Cropping Systems of Long Term Fertilizer Experiments
Authors: Sowmya P. , Surekha K. , Reddy K. Pavan Chandra , Latha P. C.
Published: March 2022

Soil samples collected from All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme from three different locations initiated in 1989-90 viz. Maruter(Andhra Pradesh-Rice Rice cropping system), Titabar (Assam-Rice Rice cropping system) and Mandya-(Karnataka- Rice Cowpea cropping system); with 8 treatments involving combinations of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients and three replications laid under Randomized Block Design, were collected, processed and analyzed for different soil physicochemical properties viz. pH, EC, OC and CEC properties to study the effect of varied fertilization practices in the long run which help in assessing the soil health status. Results showed that over 30 years of continuous experimentation the soils physico-chemical properties did not vary significantly among different treatments except organic carbon content. It ranged from 0.52-0.63%, 0.22-0.31% and 0.26-0.40% in Maruteru, Titabar and Mandya respectively. The results clearly brought out that monocropping over 30 years without any manures and fertilizers completely resulted in the depletion of nutrients. Inclusion of the pulse crop (cowpea) improved the soil fertility status especially in organic carbon
The Neurological Manifestation in COVID-19 Patients in Gezira COVID-19 Isolation Centre
Authors: Faisal Abdallah , Amir Osman , Attaallah Alaaeldeen , Elbalal Moawia , Gibriel Abdallah Abd AL-Kareem
Published: March 2022

Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in December of 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China. In addition to respiratory symptoms, reports are emerging of neurological manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2

Objective: To assess the neurological manifestations in COVID-19 positive patients.

Methods: A cross sectional, prospective, descriptive, hospital based study included 106 COVID-19 patients in Gezira COVID-19 Centre during the period from June to September 2020. Data regarding demographics, clinical history, presentations, laboratory investigations, neuroimaging and outcomes were collected.

Results: 106 COVID-19 patients were included in this study, 67(63.2%) were males and 39(36.8%) were females, their mean age was 68±4.3 years and most of them 58(54.7%) aged above 60 years. The main respiratory symptoms of COVID 19 were dyspnea in 66(62.3%), fever in 59(55.7%), cough in 50(47.2%) patients. The non specific neurological symptoms of COVID-19 were headache in 29(27.4%), dizziness in 9(8.5%) and syncope in one (0.9%) patient. Symptoms of COVID-19 related to cranial nerves such as change in smell (n= 87; 82.1%) and dyskinesia (n=80; 75.4%) were the most common neurological manifestations encountered. Focal neurological deficits were TIA in 2(1.9%), intracranial hemorrhage in one (0.9%) and transverse myelitis in one (0.9%) patient.

Conclusion: The study showed that neurological manifestations of COVID-19 were common and mostly olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions among Sudanese subjects. Also, COVID-19 could be a risk factor for stroke and transverse myelitis. The study suggest that objective olfactory and gustatory may be needed to determine their clinical significance.
Histological and Hematoloical Assessment of the Effect of Heinsia crinata Extract on Dichlorvos (DDVP) Induced Toxicity in Adult Wistar Rats
Authors: U. Eric E. , S. Beredugo , G. Bolobolo
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the “histological and hematological effect of heinsia crinata extract on Dichlorvos (DDVP) Induced Toxicity on liver of adult wistar rats,Thirty (30) adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups with group A being the control. Each group contained 6 rats which was given food and water alongside the administration for a period of 21 days which was done orally after acclimatization. Group B was administered orally 35mg//kg DDVP only, group C was administered 35mg/kg DDVP and 500mg/kg Heinsia crinita extract, group D was administered 35mg/kg DDVP and 250mg/kg Heinsia crinita while group E was administered Heinsia crinita extract only. All rats were sacrificed at the end of the 21days and blood was collected by cardiac puncture for hematological analysis and their Livers harvest, processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin for Histopathological studies. Result show PCV showed no significant change in group B, & E (P > 0.05) and was significantly changed in group D (P < 0.05) compared to the control. Hb values showed no significant change amongst the groups (P > 0.05) as compared to the control. No significant changes were observed for WBC in group C, D & E (P > 0.05) as compared to the control but group B was significantly changed (P < 0.05). MCH did not show any significant change across the groups as compared to the control however MCV and MCHC had a significant change in group D while MCHC also had a significant change in group C. Histologically Dichlorvos induce hepatoxicity and inflammation of liver, characterized by the presence of Kupffer's cells, congestion, necrosis and fatty infiltration. It also show that Heinsia crinata has no effect on Dichlorvos induced toxicity.
Effect of Si Level on the Evolution of Zr‐Bearing Dispersoids and the Related Hot Deformation and Recrystallization Behaviors in Al–Si–Mg 6xxx Alloys
Authors: Elasheri Ali , Elgallad Emad M. , Parson Nick , Chen X.‐Grant
Published: March 2022

The precipitation behavior of Zr‐bearing dispersoids is investigated in Al–Si–Mg 6xxx alloys with different Si levels (0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 wt%) at three homogenization temperatures (450, 500, and 550 °C). The hot deformation behavior is studied using uniaxial compression tests at different Zener–Hollomon parameters. The microstructure evolution during hot deformation and postdeformation annealing is evaluated using the electron backscatter diffraction technique. The results show a significant influence of the Si level and homogenization temperature on the precipitation of two types of Zr‐bearing dispersoids. Si promotes the precipitation of both spherical L12–Al3Zr and elongated DO22–(Al,Si)3(Zr,Ti) dispersoids during low‐temperature homogenization. However, it accelerates the transformation of Zr dispersoids from L12 to DO22 at high homogenization temperature. The flow stress is more influenced by the solid solution level and hot deformation parameters rather than by the dispersoid distribution. The fine dense L12–Al3Zr dispersoids provide higher recrystallization resistance during postdeformation annealing compared with the large elongated DO22–(Al,Si)3(Zr,Ti) dispersoids. Owing to the uniform distribution of dispersoids and limited dispersoid‐free zones, the high Si alloy (1.0%) exhibits best recrystallization resistance among the three alloys studied.
Heat‐Resistant Intermetallic Compounds and Ceramic Dispersion Alloys for Additive Manufacturing: A Review
Authors: Yakubov Vladislav , Kruzic Jamie J. , Li Xiaopeng
Published: March 2022

Many industries such as aerospace, power generation, and ground transportation demand structural materials with high specific strength at elevated temperatures. Up until now, many types of heat‐resistant materials including Ni‐based superalloys, intermetallic compounds, and dispersion‐strengthened alloys have been developed for specific applications in these industries. Moreover, with the recent development of additive manufacturing techniques, these industries can now benefit from the rapid prototyping abilities, geometric freedom, and increased mechanical properties that can be achieved through various additive manufacturing processes. With this in mind, the progress made in additive manufacturing of heat‐resistant intermetallic compounds and ceramic dispersion alloys is herein examined. A brief introduction is provided on the target industries, applications, and the compositions of heat‐resistant alloys of current research interest. Then, recent research on heat‐resistant intermetallic compounds and ceramic dispersion alloys fabricated by additive manufacturing processes such as laser powder bed fusion, laser direct energy deposition, and electron‐beam powder bed fusion are reviewed with information provided on microstructure, processing parameters, strengthening mechanisms, and mechanical properties. Finally, an outlook is provided with future research suggestions.
Hydrophilic, Breathable, and Washable Graphene Decorated Textile Assisted by Silk Sericin for Integrated Multimodal Smart Wearables
Authors: Liang Xiaoping , Zhu Mengjia , Li Haifang , Dou Jinxin , Jian Muqiang , Xia Kailun , Li Shuo , Zhang Yingying
Published: March 2022

Achieving integrated systems with comfortability and durability comparable to traditional textiles is one of the ultimate pursuits of smart wearables. This work reports a hydrophilic, breathable, biocompatible, and washable graphene‐decorated electronic textile that is achieved with the assistance of silk sericin and enables the fabrication of comfortable and integrated multisensing textiles. The graphene‐decorated textile is prepared by dyeing commercial textile with an aqueous graphene ink, which contains natural silk sericin‐coated graphene and is free of any artificial chemicals. The conformally coated hydrophilic sericin–graphene flakes and the well‐reserved knitted structure endow the textile with good conductivity, excellent hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, breathability, and flexibility, ensuring its electronic performance and wearing‐comfort. Moreover, the obtained textile is washable after processed with a cross‐linking agent. Based on the obtained textile, an integrated multisensing textile that can simultaneously collect and analyze myoelectrical and mechanical signals is developed, enabling the recognition and distinguishment of complex human motions. With the combined features of hydrophilicity, breathability, biocompatibility, washability, and versatility, this strategy of fabricating electronic textiles based on conventional textiles and an aqueous sericin–graphene ink provides a scalable and sustainable way to construct smart wearables.
Molybdenum Sulfide Selenide Nanosheets Synergized with Nitrogen‐Rich Carbon Frameworks toward High Performance and Stable Sodium Storage
Authors: Shi Jiangwei , Li Hang , Liu Yuwei , Lu Qingyi , Gao Feng
Published: March 2022

Transition metal dichalcogenides attract much attention in fabricating advanced electrodes for sodium‐ion batteries. Herein, to improve electrochemical activity and structural stability and thus enhance sodium storage performances, molybdenum sulfide selenide (MoSSe) nanosheets synergized with nitrogen‐rich carbon nanoframeworks (NCNF@MoSSe) are constructed through a combination of hydrothermal technique and template method with (NH4)2MoS4 and Se powders as the reactants and N‐rich polypyrrole nanotubes as the template. On the one hand, nitrogen‐rich carbon nanoframeworks with high conductance and thermal stability can serve as an effective carrier for an ideal charge migration. On the other hand, compared to MoS2 or MoSe2, MoSSe is a more desirable active material with smaller specific gravity and proper interlayer distance. The structural analyses demonstrate the strong core–shell combination and the good structural stability of the NCNF@MoSSe hybrids. As results, the NCNF@MoSSe hybrids can work as anode material with enhanced sodium storage properties and deliver a high specific capacity (502 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) as well as a good cyclic stability (323.3 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 after 700 cycles).
Manganese Ion‐Sensitized Near‐Infrared Light in Cs2NaBi1−xErxCl6 Lead‐Free Double Perovskite
Authors: Gan Weijiang , Liu Bo‐Mei , Huang Lin , Lou Sunqi , Zhang Jian , Zhou Zhi , Wang Jing
Published: March 2022

Lead‐free double perovskites (DPs) with unique optical properties are of interest for broad applications. However, improving near‐infrared (NIR) photoluminescence (PL) in lead‐free DPs is still a challenge. Herein, in order to increase the NIR PL intensity and extend the infrared multicolor luminescence, transition metal Mn2+ is doped into Cs2NaBi1−xErxCl6 lead‐free DPs. Steady‐state and time‐resolved PL studies show that efficient energy transfer from Mn2+ to Er3+ is obtained, leading to NIR PL at ≈1.54 µm can be enhanced 11‐fold compared to Er3+ singly alloyed sample and a PL quantum yield of ≈14.2%. Moreover, the Mn2+‐mediated sensitized strategy can expand to other NIR lanthanide ions (Ho3+ at ≈0.98 µm or Nd3+ at ≈1.07 µm). The as‐synthesized Mn2+ doped Cs2NaBi1−xErxCl6 DPs exhibit robust stability against heat, ultraviolet light, and environmental oxygen/moisture. Finally, the lead‐free DPs phosphor‐converted multifunctional white light‐emitting diode device containing visible and NIR light is fabricated. This work guides constructing energy transfer pathways in DPs and opens new perspectives for the development of lanthanide‐functionalized DPs as promising materials for optoelectronic devices operating in the NIR region.
Properties and Applications of Copper(I) Thiocyanate Hole‐Transport Interlayers Processed from Different Solvents
Authors: Wang Bingjun , Nam Sungho , Limbu Saurav , Kim Ji‐Seon , Riede Moritz , Bradley Donal D. C.
Published: March 2022

Copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) is an effective interlayer material for hole injection and transport in organic electronic devices but its solution processing has conventionally utilized undesirable di‐n‐alkyl sulfide solvents such as diethyl‐ (DES) and dipropyl‐sulfide (DPS). Herein, this paper reports on the use of N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP) as alternative solvents for CuSCN interlayers and performs a detailed comparison of the resulting properties relative to films processed from DES and DPS and two other recent alternatives, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ammonium hydroxide. The surface roughness, polymorphism, and surface chemistry of the resulting CuSCN layers are reported. The interlayer surface energy and ionization potential that are key to the overlying semiconductor microstructure and interfacial energy barrier, and hence to charge transport and injection, are also discussed. Finally, systematic device tests using well‐known organic semiconductors in light‐emitting diode, solar cell and field‐effect transistor structures demonstrate the overall suitability of DMSO and DMF as solvents for CuSCN interlayer deposition to achieve better device performance. This study broadens the applicability of CuSCN as a highly efficient hole injection/transport material for organic semiconductor devices by expanding the documented range of suitable CuSCN solvents.
Rh‐Complex Supported on Magnetic Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Hydroformylations and Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Nasiruzzaman Shaikh M. , Aziz Abdul , Shakil Hussain S. M. , Helal Aasif
Published: March 2022

Herein, we describe a facile protocol for the phosphine complex of Rh anchored on the ultrasmall magnetic nanoparticles for transfer hydrogenation and hydroformylation reactions. A diphenylphosphino‐ferrocenylethyl amine was conjugated with dopamine hydrochloride to form dop‐Fc, which was then anchored on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles to produce Fe3O4@dop‐Fc. The prepared materials were complexed with a Rh precursor as a catalytic center. XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and XPS were used to investigate the structure and its reactivity. Rh‐complexes of Fe3O4@dop‐Fc were used to convert terminal olefin to aldehyde using syngas (CO : H2 1 : 1) under pressure, obtaining up to 99% selectivity for branched aldehyde. The wide applicability of the Fe3O4@dop‐Fc−Rh construct was tested for the selective transfer hydrogenations of nitroarene and N‐heteroarene. Particularly, quinoline was quantitatively hydrogenated to 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline(py‐THQ) using tetrahydroxydiboron (THDB). Also, the functional group tolerance in the reduction of nitroarene and styrene was evaluated. The robustness of the catalyst was tested by reusing it for multiple cycles.
Catalyst‐ and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of N‐Acylhydrazones via Solid‐State Melt Reaction
Authors: Mayurachayakul Pipattra , Niamnont Nakorn , Chaiseeda Kittichai , Chantarasriwong Oraphin
Published: March 2022

We describe a fast, simple, and effective synthesis of N‐acylhydrazones via a solid‐state melt reaction under catalyst‐ and solvent‐free conditions. The reactions of 2‐furoic hydrazide, 2‐thiophenecarboxylic acid hydrazide and substituted alkyl/aryl‐acylhydrazides with aromatic aldehydes proceeded well at 120 °C in only 30 min to give the corresponding products in good to excellent isolated yields (74–100%) without purification using column chromatography. Gram scale experiments also worked well. This method could be considered as a green procedure, which has a high atom economy (94.69–94.90%), high reaction mass efficiency (84.27–87.33%), low E‐factor (0.15–0.19 g/g), and low process mass intensity (13.21–14.30 g/g).
Maximizing margins and optimizing operational conditions for residue fluid catalytic cracking with an artificial intelligence hybrid reaction model
Authors: Kawai Eiji , Sato Hideki , Furuichi Kazuya , Toru Takatsuka , Yoshioka Toshio
Published: March 2022

Because of the recent declining demand for gasoline, the key to making refineries competitive is to maximize the yields of propylene and aromatics by converting heavier feedstock into basic petrochemicals through the residue fluid catalytic cracking (RFCC) process. This study presents an artificial intelligence (AI) hybrid reaction model to optimize the catalyst make‐up rate and maximize the product yield in a real‐time operation by (1) developing a catalyst activity evaluation method, (2) integrating the catalyst to oil (Cat/Oil) ratio to evaluate the reaction performance, and (3) incorporating the yield prediction model into the latest digital technologies. To this end, the catalyst deactivation function, which uses a deep neural network of the basic machine learning method, was added to the past RFCC reaction model. Under actual operational conditions, this study shows that the AI hybrid reaction model using the catalyst deactivation function can minimize catalyst loss and produce an accurate yield prediction as a production planning support tool.
(Hetero)aryl‐SVI Fluorides: Synthetic Development and Opportunities
Authors: Magre Marc , Ni Shengyang , Cornella Josep
Published: March 2022

(Hetero)arylsulfur compounds where the S atom is in the oxidation state VI represent a large percentage of the molecular functionalities present in organic chemistry. More specifically, (hetero)aryl‐SVI fluorides have recently received enormous attention because of their potential as chemical biology probes, as a result of their reactivity in a simple, modular, and efficient manner. Whereas the synthesis and application of the level 1 fluorination at SVI atoms (sulfonyl and sulfonimidoyl fluorides) have been widely studied and reviewed, the synthetic strategies towards higher levels of fluorination (levels 2 to 5) are somewhat more limited. This Minireview evaluates and summarizes the progress in the synthesis of highly fluorinated aryl‐SVI compounds at all levels, discussing synthetic strategies, reactivity, the advantages and disadvantages of the synthetic procedures, the proposed mechanisms, and the potential upcoming opportunities.
Biotin‐decorated redox‐responsive micelles from diselenide‐linked star‐shaped copolymers for the targeted delivery and controlled release of doxorubicin in cancer cells
Authors: Birhan Yihenew Simegniew , Hanurry Endris Yibru , Mekonnen Tefera Worku , Darge Haile Fentahun , Lin Yu‐Hsuan , Yang Ming‐Chien , Tsai Hsieh‐Chih
Published: March 2022

Polymeric micelles (s‐PMs) assembled from star‐shaped amphiphilic copolymers functionalized with cancer‐homing molecules have been shown to have enormous potential to be used as a delivery tool to achieve longer half‐life in the bloodstream, cancer‐specific internalization, and controlled release of payloads in tumor cells. Considering the unprecedented thermodynamic stability of s‐PMs owing to the entanglement of branched arms, we prepared a biotin‐decorated and diselenide‐linked star‐shaped amphiphilic copolymer, 3s‐PCL‐SeSe‐PEG‐biotin, which could undergo self‐directed clustering to form uniformly distributed s‐PMs with a hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of 76.27 nm. The s‐PMs had appreciable doxorubicin (DOX)‐loading content (DLC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 5.83 wt% and 71.02%, respectively. The blank and DOX‐loaded 3s‐PCL‐SeSe‐PEG‐biotin (DOX@3s‐PCL‐SeSe‐PEG‐biotin) micelles maintained their structural integrity; consequently, the Dh did not change markedly in the presence of 50% fetal bovine serum and when diluted with an excess volume of phosphate‐buffered saline for extended periods, confirming their colloidal stability. Moreover, DOX@3s‐PCL‐SeSe‐PEG‐biotin micelles showed desirable DOX release in the simulated cancer redox pool, which was approximately 93% and 79% in 10 mM glutathione and 0.1% H2O2, respectively, in 72 h. Interestingly, the blank 3s‐PCL‐SeSe‐PEG‐biotin micelles were devoid of any inherent cytotoxicity against HaCaT, HeLa, and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines (≥85% cells were metabolically active). In contrast, DOX@3s‐PCL‐SeSe‐PEG‐biotin selectively suppressed the proliferation of approximately 77% HeLa and 62% MDA‐MB‐231 cells compared to approximately 12% of HaCaT cells at 5 μg/ml. Overall, the diselenide‐linked 3s‐PCL‐SeSe‐PEG‐biotin resulted in the formation of physiologically stable, cancer‐cell specific, and smart s‐PMs, which need to be further investigated in vivo.
Generalized proportional integral observer‐based event‐triggered control for frequency regulation in power systems with wind energy
Authors: Anand Sumant , Dev Ark , Sarkar Mrinal Kanti
Published: March 2022

The article addresses a generalized proportional–integral observer (GPIO)‐based event‐triggered control (ETC) for load frequency problems in power systems with wind energy integration. The concept of static event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) with a fixed threshold parameter may be unreasonable in some engineering applications where the transmission rates are time varying as in the case with power systems. Therefore, in this work, a dynamic ETM is designed to dynamically adjust the threshold parameters over time to reflect the time‐varying transmission rates. The unmatched uncertainties are suppressed via high‐gain design while the external disturbance (wind speed) is estimated and attenuated by the GPIO‐based ETC. The proposed design ensures frequency and tie‐line power stabilization and saves the computational and communication resources more effectively than recently reported works in the field. The hybrid closed‐loop system's global bounded stability is theoretically proved and verified by simulation in three‐area interconnected power systems.
Characteristics of the autism spectrum disorder gastrointestinal and related behaviors inventory in children
Authors: Holingue Calliope , Kalb Luther G. , Musci Rashelle , Lukens Colleen , Lee Li‐Ching , Kaczaniuk Jamie , Landrum Michelle , Buie Timothy , Fallin M. Daniele
Published: March 2022

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are one of the prevalent co‐occurring issues in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), though the range of symptom frequency estimates varies dramatically across studies, which can limit the further research of GI issues in ASD as well as potential treatment strategies. The wide range of prevalence estimates is partly due to the lack of standardized, validated measures of GI symptoms among people with ASD. The goal of this study was to (1) develop a measure, which included non‐verbal and mealtime behaviors, to assess for GI symptoms and (2) evaluate its psychometric characteristics. This was accomplished by drawing on two existing tools, Autism Treatment Network Gastrointestinal Inventory and the Brief Autism Mealtime Behavior Inventory, and deriving new items, to create the “ASD Gastrointestinal and Related Behaviors Inventory” (ASD‐GIRBI). The ASD‐GIRBI was piloted in an online registry of families with a child with ASD. A psychometric analysis was carried out in a sample of 334 children aged 6–17 years with ASD, resulting in a 36‐item tool. The Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale was 0.88. Exploratory factor analysis identified a seven‐factor model (1. Bowel movement pain; 2. Aggressive or disruptive during mealtimes; 3. Particular with foods; 4. Abdominal pain and upset stomach; 5. Refusing food; 6. Constipation and encopresis; 7. Motor or other behaviors). Following validation in an independent sample with clinical evaluation of GI symptoms, this tool will be helpful for both research and clinical purposes.
A holistic approach to lead pipe scale analysis: Importance, methodology, and limitations
Authors: Harmon Stephen M. , Tully Jennifer , DeSantis Michael K. , Schock Michael R. , Triantafyllidou Simoni , Lytle Darren A.
Published: March 2022

With lead service lines (LSLs) remaining for decades to come, scale analyses are critical to helping limit lead exposure from drinking water. This laboratory has used an integrated suite of analytical techniques to characterize the elemental composition, mineral identification, and physical features of scales, helping the water industry to evaluate, predict, and reduce lead corrosion. The methods used in this laboratory to prepare and analyze the LSL scale, and guidance to achieving reliable and meaningful results, are described. Primary methods include the following: optical microscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, combustion and coulometric analyses of C and S, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Examples of associated pitfalls and ways to avoid them are provided, including pipe excavation/transport, sample preparation, analysis, and data interpretation. Illustrative examples are presented of practical scale analysis questions that could be answered by combinations of pipe scale analyses.
Identification of a metabolic reprogramming‐related signature associated with prognosis and immune microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by in silico analysis
Authors: Qiang Weijie , Dai Yifei , Xing Xiaoyan , Sun Xiaobo
Published: March 2022

Background

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the essential features of tumorigenesis. Herein, this study aimed to develop a novel metabolism‐related gene signature for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.

Methods

The transcriptomic and clinical data of HNSCC samples were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE65858 datasets. The metabolism‐related gene‐based prognostic signature (MRGPS) was constructed by the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression model. The time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan‐Meier (K‐M) survival curves were plotted for evaluating its predicting performance. At the same time, univariate along with multivariate analysis was carried out to explore its correlation with clinicopathologic factors. Furthermore, GSEA analysis was performed to explore the signaling pathways affected by MRGPS. We also analyzed the associations of MRGPS with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), as well as identified potential compounds via Connectivity Map (CMap) and molecular docking.

Results

A total of 12 differentially expressed metabolism‐related genes were identified and selected to construct the MRGPS. Notably, this signature performed well in predicting HNSCC patients’ survival and could serve as an independent prognostic factor in multiple datasets. In addition to the metabolism‐related pathway, this signature could also affect some immune‐related pathways. The results indicated that MRGPS is correlated with immune cells infiltration and anti‐cancer immune response. Furthermore, we identified cephaeline as a potential therapeutic compound for HNSCC.

Conclusion

Taken together, we established an MRGs‐based signature that has the potential to predict the clinical outcome and immune microenvironment, which help to search for potential combination immunotherapy compounds and provide a promising therapeutic strategy for treating HNSCC patients.
Derivatives of Natural Organocatalytic Cofactors and Artificial Organocatalytic Cofactors as Catalysts in Enzymes
Authors: Lechner Horst , Oberdorfer Gustav
Published: March 2022

Catalytically active non‐metal cofactors in enzymes carry out a variety of different reactions. The efforts to develop derivatives of naturally occurring cofactors such as flavins or pyridoxal phosphate and the advances to design new, non‐natural cofactors are reviewed here. We report the status quo for enzymes harboring organocatalysts as derivatives of natural cofactors or as artificial ones and their application in the asymmetric synthesis of various compounds.
Electrochemical Urea Oxidation in Different Environment: From Mechanism to Devices
Authors: Wang Xue , Li Jian‐Ping , Duan Yanghua , Li Jianan , Wang Hualin , Yang Xuejing , Gong Ming
Published: March 2022

Urea has been regarded as an important chemical compound in the food‐water‐energy nexus. However, the emission of urea from human activity, industrial manufacture, and agricultural fertilization into the environment has caused an ecological nitrogen imbalance. Besides addressing the environmental pollution, the applications of clean energy conversion from urea‐rich wastewater has strong potential for resource and energy recovery. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive overview of electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) for pollution control and energy harvesting. The present mechanisms and behaviors of UOR under different water matrices have been characterized and compared in detail. Additionally, the latest development of electrochemical UOR integrated into electrolyzers and fuel cells are presented. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges of UOR technologies, suggesting several directions for the electrochemical conversion of urea‐abundant wastewater in the near future.
Intense Photoinduced Intervalence Charge Transfer in High‐Valent Iron Mixed Phenolate/Carbene Complexes
Authors: Cadranel Alejandro , Gravogl Lisa , Munz Dominik , Meyer Karsten
Published: March 2022

We report high‐valent iron complexes supported by N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐anchored, bis‐phenolate pincer ligands that undergo ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) upon photoexcitation. The resulting excited states – with a lifetime in the picosecond range – feature a ligand‐based, mixed‐valence system and intense intervalence charge transfer bands in the near‐infrared region. Upon oxidation of the complex, corresponding intervalence charge transfer absorptions are also observed in the ground state. We suggest that the spectroscopic hallmarks of such LMCT states provide useful tools to decipher excited‐state decay mechanisms in high‐valent NHC complexes. Our observations further indicate that NHC‐anchored, bis‐phenolate pincer ligands are not sufficiently strong donors to prevent the population of excited metal‐centered states in high‐valent iron complexes.
Acyl Group Migration in Pyranosides as Studied by Experimental and Computational Methods
Authors: Lassfolk Robert , Pedrón Manuel , Tejero Tomás , Merino Pedro , Wärnå Johan , Leino Reko
Published: March 2022

Acyl group migration affects the synthesis, isolation, manipulation and purification of all acylated organic compounds containing free hydroxyl groups, in particular carbohydrates. While several isolated studies on the migration phenomenon in different buffers have been reported, comprehensive insights into the overall migration process in different monosaccharides under similar conditions have been lacking. Here, we have studied the acyl migration in different monosaccharides using five different acyl groups by a combination of experimental, kinetic and theoretical tools. The results show that the anomeric configuration in the monosaccharide has a major influence on the migration rate, together with the relative configurations of the other hydroxyl groups and the nature of the migrating acyl group. Full mechanistic model, based on computations, demonstrates that the acyl migration proceeds through an anionic stepwise mechanism with linear dependence on the [OH−] and the pKa of the hydroxyl group toward which the acyl group is migrating.
Azide–Alkyne Interactions: A Crucial Attractive Force for Their Preorganization for Topochemical Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Bhandary Subhrajyoti , Pathigoolla Atchutarao , Madhusudhanan Mithun C. , Sureshan Kana M.
Published: March 2022

A new class of attractive intermolecular interaction between azide and ethynyl structural entities in a wide range of molecular crystals is reported. This interaction was systematically evaluated by using 11 geometrically different structural motifs that are preorganized to direct a solid‐state topochemical azide–alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) reaction. The supramolecular features of the azide–alkyne interaction were mapped by various crystallographic and quantum chemical approaches. Topological analysis shows the noticeable participation of electron density in the azide⋅⋅⋅alkyne interactions. Interestingly, reorientation of the atomic polarizabilities in vicinal azide and alkyne groups upon interaction in crystals favors soft orbital‐guided TAAC reactions. Moreover, various solid‐state and gas‐phase energy decomposition methods of individual azide⋅⋅⋅alkyne interactions summarize that the strength (varies from −5.7 to −30.1 kJ mol−1) is primarily guided by the dispersion forces with a influencing contribution from the electrostatics.
Support for catalysis in Canada by the CIC Catalysis Division and Canadian Catalysis Foundation
Authors: McGarvey Bryce , Semagina Natalia , Hill Josephine M.
Published: March 2022

2020 and 2021 marked major milestones for the catalysis community in Canada. The Catalysis Division of The Chemical Institute of Canada marked its 50‐year anniversary in 2021, and the Canadian Catalysis Foundation celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2020. Both organizations have been instrumental in supporting and advancing the broad and evolving field of catalysis in Canada. This article summarizes the genesis of these organizations and highlights the key roles that they serve for the catalysis community. The health and vibrancy of the catalysis community in 2022 is a testament to the vision, insights, and efforts of those in the community in the 1960s and 1970s who created a framework that helped to bridge the gaps between science and engineering in the field of catalysis. The establishment of the Division in 1971 pulled together a critical mass of people with common professional interests in all aspects of catalysis and catalyst technology. The division structure facilitated collaborations, formalizing and organizing biennial catalysis symposia, administering award programs, and, now, acting as a pipeline for members and directors of the Canadian Catalysis Foundation.
Construction of Nanocarriers Based on Endogenous Cell Membrane and Their Application in Nanomedicine
Authors: Guo Yingshu , Li Wenxin , Liu Shiwei , Jing Dan , Wang Yifan , Feng Qingfang , Zhang Kaixiang , Xu Jing‐Juan
Published: March 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Inspired by the adaptation of cells to the surrounding environment, the combination of cell membrane and nanomaterials has gradually become a new type of biomimetic nanocomposite. The construction of endogenous membrane biomimetic nanocarriers (EMBNs) not only retains the structure of membrane surface protein, but also has the properties of nanoparticles (NPs), also provides the ability of natural interaction between nanomaterials and organisms, thus overcoming the severe challenges faced by traditional nanodelivery systems in clinical application. In this paper, the construction methods of EMBNs are reviewed, focusing on a simple method to prepare membrane proteins. Secondly, EMBNs were classified according a variety of cell membranes. Finally, the unique advantages of EMBNs in nanomedicine are introduced, including improving biocompatibility, homologous targeting ability, prolonging blood circulation time and immune escape ability. In nanomedicine, such as targeted delivery, phototherapy, immunotherapy and tumor imaging, multifaceted biological interfaces through membrane masking provide a new approach for the development of multifunctional NPs.
A Kinetically Superior Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Battery Derived from Efficient Electroseparation of Zinc, Lead, and Copper in Concentrated Solutions
Authors: Chen Peng , Wang Xia , Li Dongqi , Pietsch Tobias , Ruck Michael
Published: March 2022

Zinc electrodeposition is currently a hot topic because of its widespread use in rechargeable zinc‐air batteries. However, Zn deposition has received little attention in organic solvents with much higher ionic conductivity and current efficiency. In this study, a Zn‐betaine complex is synthesized by using ZnO and betainium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide and its electrochemical behavior for six organic solvents and electrodeposited morphology are studied. Acetonitrile allowed dendrite‐free Zn electrodeposition at room temperature with current efficiencies of up to 86 %. From acetonitrile solutions in which Zn, Pb, and Cu complexes are dissolved in high concentrations, Zn and Pb/Cu are efficiently separated electrolytically under potentiostatic control, allowing the purification of solutions prepared directly from natural ores. Additionally, a highly flexible Zn anode with excellent kinetics is obtained by using a carbon fabric substrate. A rechargeable zinc‐air battery with these electrodes shows an open‐circuit voltage of 1.63 V, is stable for at least 75 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2 or 33 cycles at 20 mA cm−2, and allows intermediate cycling at 100 mA cm−2.
Noble Metal Single‐Atom Catalysts for the Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Zhang Lina , Xue Linli , Lin Bingyong , Zhao Qingao , Wan Shaolong , Wang Yong , Jia Hongpeng , Xiong Haifeng
Published: March 2022

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Haifeng Xiong at Xiamen University. The image shows that single‐atom catalysts can work in the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds. The Review itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202102494.