bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of true progression from treatment response in high‐grade glioma treated with chemoradiation: a comparison study of 3D‐APTW and 3D‐PcASL imaging and DWI
Authors: Hou Huimin , Diao Yanzhao , Yu Jinchao , Xu Min , Wang Liming , Li Zhenzhi , Song Tao , Liu Yu , Yuan Zhenguo
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To assess and compare the diagnostic performance of 3D amide proton‐transfer‐weighted (3D‐APTW) imaging, 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin‐labeling (3D‐PcASL) imaging, and diffusion‐weighted imaging in distinguishing true progression (TP) from treatment response (TR) in posttreatment malignant glioma patients.

Materials and methods

Forty‐eight patients with suspected tumor recurrence were prospectively enrolled. Histological or longitudinal routine MRI follow‐up over six months was assessed to confirm lesion type. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), relative APTWmax (rAPTW), and relative CBFmax values (rCBF) were measured in lesions with enhancing regions on post‐gadolinium T1‐weighted MRI. MRI parameters between the TP and TR groups were compared using Student's t tests. In addition, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the differentiation diagnostic performance of each parameter.

Results

The TP group showed a significantly higher rAPTW and rCBF than the TR group; the AUCs of rAPTW and rCBF to distinguish between TP and TR were 0.911 (with sensitivity of 90.3% and specificity of 82.4%) and 0.852 (with sensitivity of 80.6% and specificity of 82.4%), respectively. By adding the rAPTW values to rCBF values, the diagnostic ability was improved from 0.852 to 0.951. ADC showed no significant differences between the TP and TR groups, with an AUC lower than 0.70.

Conclusion

Both 3D‐PcASL and 3D‐APTW imaging could distinguish TP from TR, and 3D‐APTW had a better diagnostic performance. Combining the rAPTW values and rCBF values achieved a better diagnostic performance.
Demystifying hyponatremia: A clinical guide to evaluation and management
Authors: Bhasin‐Chhabra Bhavna , Veitla Vineet , Weinberg Samuel , Koratala Abhilash
Published: August 2022

Hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 mEq/L) is a frequent electrolyte abnormality complicating the clinical care of hospitalized patients. Hyponatremia has been associated with an increased risk of mortality. Hyponatremia can be seen in patients with euvolemia, hypovolemia, or hypervolemia. Evaluation of hyponatremia relies on clinical assessment and estimation of serum sodium, urine electrolytes, and serum and urine osmolality in addition to other case‐specific laboratory parameters. In addition, point‐of‐care ultrasonography is an important adjunct to physical assessment in estimation of volume status. Understanding the pathophysiology of the underlying process can lead to a timely diagnosis and appropriate management of hyponatremia.
Trauma‐related electrolyte disturbances: From resuscitation to rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Fredrickson Kyla A. , Carver Thomas W.
Published: August 2022

Traumatic injury results in drastic changes to a patient's normal physiology. The hormonal stress response, as well as some treatment strategies, lead to significant disruptions in electrolyte homeostasis that are important for clinicians to understand. In addition, advances in fluid resuscitation and modern transfusion practices have led to their own unique set of consequences, which we are just beginning to appreciate. Special attention is placed on rhabdomyolysis, as this distinct entity represents an extreme example of injury induced electrolyte derangements. This review describes the physiologic response to trauma and highlights some of the important electrolyte abnormalities that can be encountered while caring for the injured patient.
A 3D fully‐nonlinear potential‐flow solver for efficient simulations of large‐scale free‐surface waves
Authors: Hanssen Finn‐Christian Wickmann , Helmers Jens Bloch , Greco Marilena , Shao Yanlin
Published: August 2022

In the quest for a numerical method for surface waves and wave‐induced effects applicable when linear or weakly nonlinear methods are insufficient, a three‐dimensional numerical wave tank assuming fully‐nonlinear potential‐flow theory is proposed. When viscous‐flow effects, breaking waves or other violent flow‐phenomena are not of primary importance, potential‐flow methods may have similar capability in capturing the involved physics as Navier–Stokes solvers while being potentially more accurate in handling wave‐propagation mechanism and more computationally efficient. If made sufficiently accurate, efficient and numerically robust, fully‐nonlinear potential flow models can therefore represent a powerful tool in the study of ocean waves and their interaction with marine structures, which is the main motivation behind the present work. The governing Laplace equation for the velocity potential is solved using the harmonic polynomial cell method, which is a field method giving high‐order accuracy provided that the cells used to describe the water domain have no stretching or distortion. This can only be achieved in a grid with cubic cells, which leads to poor numerical efficiency unless measures are introduced to refine the grid locally. Here, to improve the efficiency using strictly cubic cells, an adaptive grid refinement technique is introduced. It is shown that this has the ability to improve the computational speed with a factor of up to 20 without sacrificing accuracy. Numerical results are shown to be in good agreement with highly accurate nonlinear reference solutions for regular and irregular waves of various steepness up to the limit of theoretical wave breaking. For long‐crested irregular waves, significant discrepancies with a second‐order theory for the crest‐height distribution are identified, while the second‐order theory appears to provide a better description of the crest height for the single short‐crested irregular sea state simulated. Having demonstrated that the proposed numerical method accurately models nonlinear wave phenomena up to the limit of wave breaking, future work should seek to implement wave‐body interaction capabilities. The adaptive grid refinement technique, which refines the grid dynamically depending on the position of boundaries of interest, is developed with this application in mind. Except from providing a robust way of dealing with wave‐body intersection points, extending the method to account for wave‐body interactions should therefore involve limited difficulty.
Non‐neutropenic fever in children with cancer: Management, outcomes and clinical decision rule validation
Authors: Walker Hannah , Esbenshade Adam J. , Dale Stephanie , Bhatia Kanika , Zhao Zhiguo , Babl Franz E. , Conyers Rachel , Haeusler Gabrielle M.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Fever and infection are an important complication of childhood cancer therapy. Most research and guideline development has focussed on febrile neutropenia, with a paucity directed at non‐neutropenic fever (NNF). We describe the clinical presentation, management and outcomes of NNF in children with cancer, and externally validate the Esbenshade Vanderbilt (EsVan) clinical decision rules (CDR) to predict bacteraemia.

Method

Using a prospective database, retrospective data were collected on consecutive NNF episodes (fever ≥38.0°C and absolute neutrophil count >1.0 cells/mm3). Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC‐ROC) of the CDR were compared to derivation study.

Results

There were 203 NNF episodes occurring in 125 patients. Severe sepsis was uncommon (n = 2, 1%) and bacteraemia occurred in 10 (4.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7%–8.8%) episodes. A confirmed or presumed bacterial infection requiring antibiotics occurred in 31 (15%) patients. Total 202 (99%) episodes received at least one dose of intravenous broad‐spectrum antibiotic and 141 (70%) episodes were admitted to hospital. Six (3%) episodes required intensive care unit (ICU)‐level care and there were no infection‐related deaths. The EsVan 1 rule had an AUC‐ROC of 0.67, 80% were identified as low risk, and sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 81.5%, respectively, for a risk threshold of 10%.

Conclusions

Serious infection and adverse outcome are uncommon in children with NNF. Many children did not have a bacterial cause of infection identified, but were still treated with broad‐spectrum antibiotics and admitted to hospital. National clinical practice guidelines should be developed for this important cohort to enable risk stratification and optimise antibiotic management. Further research is required to determine appropriateness of EsVan CDR in our cohort.
The influence of induced holes on crashworthy ability of glass reinforced epoxy square tubes
Authors: Awd Allah Mahmoud M. , Shaker Ahmed , Hassan Mohamad A. , Abd El‐baky Marwa A.
Published: August 2022

The crashworthy ability of glass/epoxy (GFRP) square tubes with induced holes was studied under quasi‐static axial crashing. Four design parameters were chosen, each at three levels, to calculate crashworthiness indicators. The design variables are hole diameter (d), hole position/specimen length (P/L), number of holes/distribution (n), and speed (V). To get the optimum crashworthiness parameters, the design of experiments approach using Taguchi technique was adapted. Optimal conditions with minimum initial peak force (), maximum absorbed energy (U) and maximum specific energy absorption (SEA) were determined. Main effect, signal/noise ratio (S/N), and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were determined using MINITAB 18. Experiments based on L9 orthogonal array were performed. Results indicated that the dominant influencing parameter on is “n” with a contribution of 93.97%. “V” followed by “d” are the highest influencing parameters on “U” with a contribution of 49.07 and 43.02%, respectively. “d” is the highest influencing parameter on SEA, followed by “V” with a contribution of 50.71% and 46.12%, respectively. Confirmation tests were carried out to validate the estimated model with respect to experimental results. , U, and SEA of intact tube were 45.05 kN, 830.32 × 10−3 kJ, and 8.23 × 10−3 kJ/g, respectively. The optimum of GFRP tubes with cutouts was found to be 38.59% smaller than that of the intact specimen. The optimum U and SEA of are, respectively, 4.73% and 25.76% greater than those of intact specimen.
Game‐related behaviors among children and adolescents after school closure during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yamamoto Naoki , Morimoto Yoshiro , Kinoshita Hirohisa , Kumazaki Hirokazu , Honda Sumihisa , Iwanaga Ryoichiro , Imamura Akira , Ozawa Hiroki
Published: August 2022

Aim

Increased exposure to digital gaming content among youth in recent years has raised serious health concerns. Social restrictions such as school closures, imposed worldwide because of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, may increase exposure to gaming and lead to addictive gaming behavior in young people. In this study, we investigated gaming behaviors among Japanese students during COVID‐19 school closures.

Methods

Students completed questionnaires regarding their living conditions, game‐related behaviors, diagnosis of Internet addiction, psychological difficulties, and the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We compared differences between the responses of potentially at risk for gaming disorder (potentially at risk for gaming disorder; defined in this paper with reference to the ICD‐11 MMS criteria for gaming disorder [PGD]) students who met the criteria for a diagnosis of gaming disorder in ICD‐11 MMS and those of control students. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the extent of factors contributing to potential gaming disorder.

Results

Four thousand and forty‐eight participants completed the survey. Compared with control students (93%), potentially at risk for gaming disorder (defined in this paper with reference to the ICD‐11 MMS criteria for gaming disorder, PGD) students (7%) reported playing games for longer times, spending more money on in‐game purchases, were of younger age at the start of game playing, showed a tendency toward Internet dependence, practised school avoidance or absenteeism, and demonstrated the need for psychological support. Moreover, participants in the PGD group reported more anxiety about COVID‐19 than control participants, as well as an increase in game‐playing time and amount of money spent on games during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Conclusion

These results indicate that young people classified as having a gaming disorder not only exhibit characteristic game‐related behaviors but may be psychologically and socially vulnerable and need special support, especially during the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic.
Modified Spin Textures in a 3D Magnetic Lattice
Authors: Myint Ba , Ng Vivian
Published: August 2022

New magnetic behavior of a 3D magnetic lattice created by stacking hour‐glass structures over a 2D antidot matrix is reported. The unique multivortices induced reversal process along the hard axis is reported for the 3D magnetic lattice. Further analysis with 3D Object Orientated MicroMagnetic Framework (OOMMF) simulation shows this magnetic behavior due to the magnetic coupling between the two building blocks: hour‐glass structures and 2D antidot. The reversal process for the 3D magnetic lattice along the easy axis shows abrupt coherent switching behavior, while the multivortices induced reversal process is observed for the hard axis. A new method of comparing the simulation and experimental result using a MATLAB divergence computation software is also reported. Good agreement between micromagnetic simulation and experimental results is observed via this method.
A Laplacian‐regularized dual‐phase Gaussian process technique for semi‐supervised response surface modeling of black‐box functions
Authors: Martinez Stanford , Alaeddini Adel
Published: August 2022

Numerous semi‐supervised learning strategies are designed to reduce the number of experiments to model expensive black‐box functions. However, most of the existing methods do not utilize the information of the estimated responses and the associated gradients in an effective manner. In this paper, we proposed a semi‐supervised learning configuration for the Gaussian process which utilizes the estimated responses and their gradients in a dual‐phase framework to improve the accuracy of estimation and reduce the number of expensive experiments required to represent a latent function. We also explore the incorporation of Laplacian regularization for information transfer using a combination of design vector and response surface elements between measured and unmeasured data points. Through several simulation studies and a case study on the evaluation of concrete strength prediction accuracy, we assess the effectiveness of the proposed framework and compare its performance against some of the existing Laplacian‐regularized methods in the Literature.
Distribution of nitrogen storage in density and size fractions varied with tillage practices and cropping systems with residue return in black soil of Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Yan , Gao Yan , Huang Dandan , Chen Xuewen , Zhang Shixiu , Zhang Xiaoping , McLaughlin Neil , Liang Aizhen
Published: August 2022

Crop residue return can prevent the degradation of cropland caused by conventional tillage practice in Northeast China. Meanwhile, additional nitrogen (N) input from crop residue inevitably changes soil N pools. Our objectives were to evaluate soil N storage changes in soil physical fractions. The residue return treatments consisted of no‐tillage (NT) and moldboard plow (MP), combined with continuous maize (Zea mays L.) (MM) and maize–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation (MS) cropping systems, that is, NTMM, NTMS, MPMM, MPMS; conventional tillage (removal of crop residue and deep plow) with continuous maize (CTMM) was included as a control. The concentration of total N (TN) in bulk soil and physical fractions (light fraction [LF], sand, silt, and clay) was measured. In 0‐to‐5‐cm layer, TN content was higher in NT than MP, whereas the result was opposite in 10‐to‐20‐cm layer. Thus, the stratification ratio (SR) of soil TN was greater under NT. The TN content in MM was greater than MS under both tillage practices with residue return. Residue return treatments increased soil N storage by 6.44–24.85% in 0–20 cm compared with CTMM. Continuous maize increased the N storage in all physical fractions, whereas the decrease of silt‐N storage was observed in MS. Overall, it was concluded that residue return could enhance soil N storage, whereas the distribution of N storage changes in LF and sand size fractions was influenced by tillage practice, and the distribution of N storage changes in silt size and clay size fractions was influenced by cropping system.
Inflammation Self‐Limiting Electrospun Fibrous Tape via Regional Immunity for Deep Soft Tissue Repair
Authors: Saiding Qimanguli , Cai Zhengwei , Deng Lianfu , Cui Wenguo
Published: August 2022

Overexpression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines occurs at deep soft tissue injury sites impeding the inflammation self‐limiting and impairing the tissue remodeling process. Inspired by the electrostatically extracellular matrix (ECM) binding property of the inflammatory signals, an inflammation self‐limiting fibrous tape is designed by covalently modifying the thermosensitive methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and negatively charged methacrylated heparin (HepMA) hydrogel mixture with proper ratio onto the electrospun fibrous membrane by mild alkali hydrolysis and carboxyl‐amino condensation reaction to restore inflammation self‐limiting and promote tissue repair via regional immunity regulation. While the GelMA guarantees cell compatibility, the negatively charged HepMA successfully adsorbs the inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by electrostatic interactions and inhibits immune cell migration in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo inflammation self‐limiting and regional immunity regulation efficacy is evaluated in a rat abdominal hernia model. Reduced local inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the early stage and increased angiogenesis and ECM remodeling in the later phase confirm that the tape is an approach to maintain an optimal regional immune activation level after soft tissue injury. Overall, the reported electrospun fibrous tape will find its way into clinical transformation and solve the challenges of deep soft tissue injury.
Enhanced Enzymatically Amplified Metallization on Nanostructured Surfaces for Multiplexed Point‐of‐Care Electrical Detection of COVID‐19 Biomarkers
Authors: Rafat Neda , Zhang Hanhao , Rudge Josiah , Kim Yoo Na , Peddireddy Sai Preetham , Das Nabojeet , Sarkar Aniruddh
Published: August 2022

Inexpensive yet sensitive and specific biomarker detection is a critical bottleneck in diagnostics, monitoring, and surveillance of infectious diseases such as COVID‐19. Multiplexed detection of several biomarkers can achieve wider diagnostic applicability, accuracy, and ease‐of‐use, while reducing cost. Current biomarker detection methods often use enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with optical detection which offers high sensitivity and specificity. However, this is complex, expensive, and limited to detecting only a single analyte at a time. Here, it is found that biomarker‐bound enzyme‐labeled probes act synergistically with nanostructured catalytic surfaces and can be used to selectively reduce a soluble silver substrate to generate highly dense and conductive, localized surface silver metallization on microelectrode arrays. This enables a sensitive and quantitative, simple, direct electronic readout of biomarker binding without the use of any intermediate optics. Furthermore, the localized and dry‐phase stable nature of the metallization enables multiplexed electronic measurement of several biomarkers from a single drop (<10 µL) of sample on a microchip.This method is applied for the multiplexed point‐of‐care (POC) quantitative detection of multiple COVID‐19 antigen‐specific antibodies. Combining a simple microchip and an inexpensive, cellphone‐interfaced, portable reader, the detection and discrimination of biomarkers of prior infection versus vaccination is demonstrated.
Preclinical safety of a bionic tiger bone capsule in Sprague–Dawley rats and beagle dogs
Authors: Wan Shu‐Fang , Wang Quan‐Jun , Guan Yong‐Biao
Published: August 2022

Background

Jintiange capsule is composed of bionic tiger bone powder and has similar ingredients to natural tiger bone.

Objective

To characterize the subacute toxicities of Jintiange capsule in rats and beagle dogs for preclinical safety assessment.

Methods

Suspensions of Jintiange capsule were given via gastric lavage over a 26‐week period at low (500 mg/kg), mid (1500 mg/kg) and high doses (4000 mg/kg) in SD rats. Beagles were given by gastric lavage of suspensions of Jintiange capsule once daily for 6 days per week for 39 weeks at low (300 mg/kg), mid (900 mg/kg) or high dose (2000 mg/kg).

Results

Repeated gastric lavages of suspensions of Jintiange capsule at doses from 500 to 4000 mg/kg over 26 weeks caused no significant toxicity (No Observed Adverse Effect Level, NOAEL) in rats. In addition, repeated gastric lavages of suspensions of Jintiange capsule at doses from 300 to 2000 mg/kg over 39 weeks caused NOAEL in beagles.

Conclusions

Jintiange capsule was safe in rats at a dose 66.7 times the clinically recommended dose and in beagles at 33.3 times the clinically recommended dose. Our subacute toxicity studies in rats and beagles demonstrated no apparent overall toxicities including haematotoxicities, hepatotoxicities and renal toxicities.
Surgical treatment for left atrial rupture due to myxomatous mitral valve disease in three dogs: A case report
Authors: Yoshida Tomohiko , Matsuura Katsuhiro , Chieh‐Jen Cheng , Aboshi Yuki , Yamada Shusaku , Yotsuida Hideki , Hasegawa Mizuki , Hendawy Hanan A. , El‐Husseiny Hussein M. , Takahashi Yusuke , Oonuma Yuki , Yaginuma Youta , Fukuzumi Shou , Tanaka Ryou
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) is an acquired heart disease which sometimes result in pulmonary oedema and left atrial rupture. In previous reports, left atrial rupture has been non‐surgically controlled and its prognosis investigated. There is, however, no report concerning surgically treated left atrial rupture with mitral valvuloplasty and follow‐up results.

Objectives

This report aimed to develop a surgical strategy for a case of left atrial rupture caused by MMVD.

Materials and methods

Three dogs were presented at a private hospital for surgical treatment of MMVD. All three dogs had a previous history of left atrial rupture due to MMVD. The left atrium rapture was diagnosed from indicating that characteristics of the drained pericardial effusion consistent with blood. Mitral valvuloplasty was performed in all dogs using an extracorporeal circulation machine, and the surgical procedure was modified according to each case. In cases with severe adhesion between the pericardial and left atrial appendage, suturing of the left atrial appendage was performed strategically. Additionally, in cases with severe hypotension caused by left atrial rupture, cardiopulmonary bypass was started as soon as possible during the surgical procedure.

Discussion and Conclusion

Since the haemodynamics of all dogs had improved, and the owner reported no cardiac‐related clinical signs, all drugs were withdrawn 3 months after surgery. Since left atrial rupture due to MMVD can cause hypotension, cardiopulmonary bypass should be started as soon as possible during the surgical procedure to maintain the blood pressure and suturing of the left atrial appendage should be performed strategically.
Four cases of stomach perforation in adult horses
Authors: Dahmen Katrin , Fischer Holger , Burczynski Victoria , Albanese Valeria , Muñoz Encarnación
Published: August 2022

Four horses were diagnosed with full‐thickness perforation of the stomach wall. Three of them developed a mature abscess associated with the perforation and one of them developed massive adhesions in the area. The clinical and laboratory findings and diagnostic procedures are described together with a discussion about potential pathogenesis for these rare pathologies in horses.
Religionslose Personen in der Schweiz
Authors: Tanner Pascal
Published: August 2022

Immer mehr Menschen in der Schweiz sagen von sich selbst, dass sie keiner Konfession oder Religion angehören. Aktuell bilden sie zusammen mit reformiert zugehörigen und katholisch zugehörigen Personen eine der drei größten Gruppen – je nach Datensatz und Erhebungsmethode seit Kurzem sogar die größte von allen. In diesem Beitrag stehen religionslose Personen und damit das Phänomen derindividuellen Religionslosigkeitim Mittelpunkt. Vertieft untersucht werden die beiden folgenden Aspekte: Einerseits schlägt der Beitrag eine Brücke zum allgemeinen Forschungsdiskurs über Religionslosigkeit. Er fragt danach, wie sich in der Schweiz wohnhafte religionslose Personen aktuell beschreiben lassen in Bezug auf Soziodemografie, Spiritualität, Religiosität und Sozialisation. Dabei wird deutlich, was sich bereits an anderer Stelle zeigte: Religionslose sind vergleichsweise jung und überdurchschnittlich gut gebildet. Ebenfalls tritt dabei ein Phänomen in Erscheinung, das bislang erst ansatzweise untersucht wurde: Religionslose weisen überproportional häufig einen Migrationshintergrund auf. Andererseits vertieft dieser Beitrag den für die Säkularisierungsforschung zentralen Aspekt der Sozialisation. Er stellt ein Modell vor, das Aufschluss über typische Sozialisationserfahrungen religionsloser Personen gibt. Als wichtigstes Resultat aus der Modellbildung geht hervor, dass Religionslosigkeit typischerweise dort ihren Anfang nimmt, wo auch Sozialisation beginnt: Bei den Eltern der befragten Personen und deren Verhältnis zum Religiösen. Alle ausgeführten Analysen basieren auf den Daten der MOSAiCH-Befragung von 2018 und wurden mit den Werkzeugen der quantitativen Sozialforschung erarbeitet.
Politik und Religion in der Schweiz
Authors: Liedhegener Antonius
Published: August 2022

Politik und Religion in der Moderne – das ist das Wechselverhältnis zweier komplexer Größen. Der vorliegende Beitrag macht ausgehend vom Forschungstand für die Schweiz dieses Wechselverhältnis anhand von aktuellen Befragungsdaten in seiner Komplexität in der Bevölkerung und Wählerschaft sichtbar. Es wird die Annahme überprüft, dass Religion trotz der nachhaltigen Säkularisierung und Entkirchlichung nach wie vor einen Einfluss auf die Schweizer Politik hat. Politik wird unter den Aspekten von Macht und Einfluss (politics), politischen Sachthemen (policy) und politischer Gemeinschaft (polity) analysiert. Gefragt wird nach dem Einfluss von Religion auf Wahlteilnahme, parteipolitische Präferenzen, politische Einstellungen und Sachthemen sowie auf die Bewertung des politischen Systems. Anhand von Umfragedaten der MOSAiCH-Erhebung 2018, die den ISSP 2018 zum Thema Religion enthält, wird Religion als ein beim Einzelnen potenziell mehrschichtiges Phänomen bestimmt und operationalisiert. Mit einer seriellen Kontingenztabellenanalyse werden verschiedene, aus den Theorien der Wahlforschung abgeleitete Wirkungsannahmen bzw. -mechanismen statistisch überprüft. Religion wird definiert als Mitgliedschaft in gesellschaftlichen Großgruppen, Gelegenheitsstruktur für Face-to-face-Kontakte, Teil persönlicher Überzeugungen und Einstellungen sowie eigenständige soziale Identität. Wie die empirische Analyse zeigt, tragen alle diese Aspekte von Religion zur Erklärung der ermittelten, zum Teil recht starken Zusammenhänge bei. Schlussendlich kann aber keine der theoretischen Annahmen allein überzeugen, denn de facto korrelieren fast alle religionsbezogenen Indikatorvariablen so stark miteinander, dass sich die statistischen Erklärungsleistungen ähneln. Insgesamt zeigt sich: Ein christliches Profil der Wählenden stärkt in der Schweiz die politische Mitte allgemein. Es sind heute aber weniger die alten konfessionellen Gräben als vielmehr neue politische Konflikte um religionsbezogene Themen und soziale Identitäten, die dem Faktor Religion seine zum Teil konfliktive Wirkung in der Schweizer Politik verleihen. Dort, wo Religion und Religionspolitik strittig und konfliktbeladen sind, speist sich der Konflikt zudem stärker aus der Politik selbst als aus dem religiösen Feld. Diese Einsichten dürften Konsequenzen sowohl für eine angemessene gesellschaftliche Problembearbeitung der Streitfragen als auch für die Revision des verbreiteten, aber falschen Bildes der Religionsgemeinschaften als Konfliktursache haben. Im europäischen Vergleich weisen die Mitglieder der verschiedenen Religionsgemeinschaften in der Schweiz nämlich ein wohl weitestgehend harmonisches Neben- und Miteinander auf – eine durchaus nicht selbstverständliche Tatsache, deren genauer Prüfung nach Art, Umfang und Ursachen die quantitative Sozial- und Religionsforschung zukünftig einen Teil ihrer Aufmerksamkeit widmen sollte.
Ausblick
Authors: Stolz Jörg , Bünker Arnd , Liedhegener Antonius , Baumann-Neuhaus Eva , Becci Irene , Dandarova Robert Zhargalma , Senn Jeremy , Tanner Pascal , Wäckerlig Oliver , Winter-Pfändler Urs
Published: August 2022

Dieses Buch versammelt Beiträge zur Beschreibung von Trends in der Religionslandschaft der Schweiz. Die vergleichende Betrachtung der Texte zeigt, dass sich die in den früheren Studien beschriebenen Trends in den letzten zehn Jahren weitgehend fortgeschrieben haben. Es ist zu einer weiteren Säkularisierung und religiösen Individualisierung gekommen. Die religiöse Praxis, der religiöse Glaube, die religiöse Zugehörigkeit, wie auch die Kirchenbindung haben weiter abgenommen, während die Rede von einer persönlichen Spiritualität zunimmt. Insofern zeigt unser Buch zunächst viel Bekanntes. Im Vergleich zu den früheren Studien zur Religionslandschaft der Schweiz sind jedoch auch neue Gesichtspunkte und Einsichten entstanden.
Why, and For Which Charity?
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

The question I was asked most frequently before, during and after I completed my pilgrimage was: “why?”. Sometimes I would give full Galapagos-iguana answers and at others I avoided answering altogether by suggesting “why not?”. Without a doubt, the latter was more convincing.
Having Fun
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

Along one of the most popular pilgrimages in the world, El Camino de Santiago, in Spain, walkers are greeted with “buen Camino” to wish them a good way both physically and spiritually. My version of buen Camino was an enthusiastic and quintessentially Australian “Have fun!” followed by a wave. I would then wave back with a cheerful “thanks, I will!”
Life at 4.6 km/h
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

Before setting out on the walk, I had read books about pilgrimages and the practicalities of long-distance trekking. I got inspiration from the former and good tips from the latter. Hot tip: if your hair stands on end, you should drop on your knees and bend forward, but not lie flat on the floor, because lightning is about to strike you.
My Backpack
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

My backpack was very sturdy and if I interpreted what Ballistic Nylon Fabric meant correctly, it was bullet proof too. I carried two packs: a big one with a 70 litre capacity and a small 15 litre one which I wore in front to balance the weight of the larger pack on my back. I’d originally purchased the packs for an overseas trek that required something sturdy to endure rocky terrain and the better-not-to-know things that happen when one checks in their luggage on an international flight.
Where Are the Idiots?
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

The warnings about the idiots concerned me. ‘The idiots’ were presumably so not because of their dim intelligence, but because they were out there to cause trouble. Most concerning of all, was the way in which the people voicing these warnings looked at me. They tilted their head ever so slightly, distorted their mouth as if tasting a lemon, and squinted their eyes – I didn’t stand a chance against the idiots.
About This book
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

This is a specific type of book, it is a guidebook; and a guidebook serves two purposes. First, it helps you get somewhere you want to go. Second, it makes you aware of historic events, art, architecture, cuisine, culture, and people of the places you go through. It is unlikely you would find construction details of a building, or the recipe for the dishes you enjoy during your travels in a guidebook. Instead, it succinctly describes how all these elements have come together and combined themselves in the experience of a place.
The Perfect Day
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

Day 30 was a short 13 km walk from Mollymook Beach to Conjola in NSW. It was one of the shortest walks of the whole pilgrimage and I covered it in less than 3 hours. Weatherwise, I wished I had spent more time on the road on that sunny day which was pleasantly cool and completely devoid of my nemesis wind.
Deconstructing Pilgrimages
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

The online Camino started in the beautiful Saint-Jean-Pied-De-Port, right at the foot of the French Pyrenees. This time there was not a small get-together at the starting point and that was a good thing, because I wasn’t there either. I started the walk many thousands of kilometres away.
Spoiler Alert
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

Not long after I returned from my pilgrimage, I was approached by a publisher requesting an article about isolation in the workplace [3]. It was in response to tragic events that transpired at the remote Bellingshausen Station in Antarctica. The incident involved a researcher allegedly stabbing a colleague for giving away the endings of the books he was reading [4]. One spoiler too many led to the unfortunate stabbing.
The Wisdom of the Locals
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

In preparing for my walk, I mapped the route all the way from Melbourne to Sydney and planned where I would stop and when. As it turned out, factors like the wind and rain, and even my mood (who knew?) didn’t care about my well-intentioned plans.
Let’s Go!
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

In a nutshell, the calibrations tell us to continue to follow the signposts, the details can be found in Appendix C: Signpost calibration.
The Art of Timing and Balance
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

“The moment you ask for two opinions on something new and interesting that you are doing, it will end up as a watered-down version.” Said Ron while calibrating Signpost 1: Exchanging ideas too early and too often hinders their diversity and potential to innovate.
All Roads Lead to Rome
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

Following Signposts takes us through trails that expose us to unique ways of viewing work, the workplace, and ourselves. However, the process can be overwhelming. Yet, if these markers are to deliver on their promise, they would have to converge in a single destination: a better place to work, Fig. 36.1. Consequently, it is not necessary to follow them all.
The Herzog Enigma
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

The renowned German filmmaker Werner Herzog started walking from Munich to Paris in a bitterly cold northern European winter, believing that in doing so he could save his friend and film critic Lotte Eisner. I will not distort what Herzog wrote about so beautifully in his book Of Walking in Ice [22] but, for me, the most striking part of his journey remains its spontaneity. True, he had a strong motivation.
Patient satisfaction with divided anesthesia care
Authors: Koster Kira-Lee , Björklund Carolin , Fenner Sebastian , Flierler Wolfgang Johann , Laupheimer Michael , Burri Katharina , Nübling Matthias , Heidegger Thomas
Published: August 2022

Background

Up to now, no prospective cohort study using a validated questionnaire has assessed patients’ expectation and perception of divided anesthesia care and its influence on patient satisfaction.

Objective

We assessed patient satisfaction with divided anesthesia care in a district general hospital in Switzerland. We hypothesized that patient expectations, combined with their perceptions of the (un)importance of continuous anesthesia care would influence patient satisfaction.

Material and methods

A total of 484 eligible in-patients receiving anesthesia from October 2019 to February 2020 were included and received preoperative information about divided care via a brochure and face-to-face. The primary outcome was the assessment of patient satisfaction with divided anesthesia care using a validated questionnaire. In group 1 continuity of care was considered important but not performed. In group 2 continuity was ensured. In group 3 continuity was regarded as not important and was not performed. In group 4 patients could not remember or did not answer. A psychometrically developed validated questionnaire was sent to patients at home after discharge.

Results

A total of 484 completed questionnaires (response rate 81%) were analyzed. In group 1 (n = 110) the mean total dissatisfaction score was 25% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.8–28.1), in group 2 (n = 61) 6.8% (95% CI 4.8–8.7), in group 3 (n = 223) 12.1% (95% CI 10.7–13.4), and in group 4 (n = 90) 15% (95% CI 11–18); ANOVA: p < 0.001, η = 0.43. Of the patients 286 (59%) considered continuity of care by the same anesthetist relatively unimportant (34%) or not important at all (25%). The other 40% considered it important (22%) or very important (18%).

Conclusion

Despite receiving comprehensive preoperative information about divided anesthesia care, 40% of patients still considered continuity of care by the same anesthetist important. We recommend further research evaluating whether and how patient expectations can be modified towards the common practice of divided care and patient satisfaction can be increased.
Association between prehospital FPS and ROSC in adults with OHCA
Authors: Montag Sarah , Herdtle Steffen , John Samuel , Lehmann Thomas , Behringer Wilhelm , Hohenstein Christian
Published: August 2022

Background

Advanced airway management (AAM) is part of the standard treatment during advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). Current studies underline the importance of a first-pass intubation success (FPS) during in-hospital ACLS. It was shown that a failed initial intubation attempt in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in the emergency department is an independent risk factor for the decreased effectiveness of ACLS measured by the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Objective

This study first examines the association between prehospital FPS and ROSC in adults with OHCA and second identifies factors associated with FPS and ROSC. The initial hypothesis was that FPS would increase the probability of ROSC as well as decrease the time to ROSC.

Material and methods

A retrospective multicenter analysis of 180 adult non-traumatic OHCA patients on whom advanced airway management (AAM) was performed between July 2017 and December 2018 in five different German physician-staffed ambulance stations. For information on FPS the Intubation Registry, and for information on ROSC the German Resuscitation Registry were used. In addition to yes/no questions, multiple answers and free text answers are possible in those questionnaires. The main outcome variables were ‘FPS’, ‘ROSC’ and ‘time to ROSC’. Mann-Whitney tests, χ2-tests, Fisher’s exact tests and multivariate binary logistic regressions were used for the statistical evaluation. Demographic factors, characteristics of the performer, selected equipment, laryngoscopy type, intubation method, medications, verification of tube position, respiratory evaluation, complications and time to ROSC were examined with respect to the influence on FPS. Concerning ROSC, the following factors were examined: demographic factors, initial heart rhythm, initial breathing, medications, defibrillation and AAM.

Results

An FPS was recorded in 150 patients (83.3%), and ROSC was achieved in 82 patients (45.5%) after an average time of 22.16 min. There was a positive association between FPS and ROSC (p = 0.027). In patients with FPS, a trend for shorter time to ROSC was observed (p = 0.059; FPS 18 min; no FPS 28 min). The use of capnography (odds ratio, OR = 7.384, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.886–28.917) and complications during AAM (OR = 0.033, 95% CI: 0.007–0.153) were independently associated with FPS. The independent factor associated with ROSC was FPS (OR = 5.281, 95% CI: 1.800–15.494).

Conclusion

In prehospitally resuscitated adult OHCA patients with AAM, FPS is associated with a higher chance of ROSC.
Stable generalized finite element method (SGFEM) for three-dimensional crack problems
Authors: Cui Cu , Zhang Qinghui , Banerjee Uday , Babuška Ivo
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes a stable generalized finite element method (SGFEM) for the linear 3D elasticity problem with cracked domains. Conventional material-independent branch functions serve as singular enrichments. We prove that the proposed SGFEM with the geometric enrichment scheme yields the optimal order of convergence in the energy norm, O(h), for fully 3D elasticity planar crack problems; h is the mesh parameter. To improve the conditioning of SGFEM, two stability techniques have been employed, namely, (a) a cubic polynomial has been used as the PU (partition of unity), instead of the standard FE hat-functions, to address the possible almost linear dependence between the PU functions and the enrichments, and (b) a local principal component analysis (LPCA) has been implemented to address the local bad conditioning produced by multi-fold enrichments at a node. The scaled condition number for the proposed SGFEM is shown to be $$O(h^{-2})$$

O
(

h

-
2

)

(same as that of a standard Finite Element Method), for various relative positions of crack surface and mesh. The robustness of the scaled condition number for the proposed SGFEM, with respect to the relative positions of the crack-surface and the element boundaries, has been observed numerically. The numerical experiments for both the planar and fully 3D planar crack problems are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed SGFEM.
A review of the scientific knowledge of the seascape off Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
Authors: Lowther Andrew , von Quillfeldt Cecilie , Assmy Philipp , De Steur Laura , Descamps Sebastien , Divine Dmitry , Elvevold Synnøve , Forwick Matthias , Fransson Agneta , Fraser Alexander , Gerland Sebastian , Granskog Mats , Hallanger Ingeborg , Hattermann Tore , Itkin Mikhail , Hop Haakon , Husum Katrine , Kovacs Kit , Lydersen Christian , Matsuoka Kenichi , Miettinen Arto , Moholdt Geir , Moreau Sebastien , Myhre Per Inge , Orme Lisa , Pavlova Olga , Tandberg Ann Helene
Published: August 2022

Despite the exclusion of the Southern Ocean from assessments of progress towards achieving the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Strategic Plan, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) has taken on the mantle of progressing efforts to achieve it. Within the CBD, Aichi Target 11 represents an agreed commitment to protect 10% of the global coastal and marine environment. Adopting an ethos of presenting the best available scientific evidence to support policy makers, CCAMLR has progressed this by designating two Marine Protected Areas in the Southern Ocean, with three others under consideration. The region of Antarctica known as Dronning Maud Land (DML; 20°W to 40°E) and the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean that abuts it conveniently spans one region under consideration for spatial protection. To facilitate both an open and transparent process to provide the vest available scientific evidence for policy makers to formulate management options, we review the body of physical, geochemical and biological knowledge of the marine environment of this region. The level of scientific knowledge throughout the seascape abutting DML is polarized, with a clear lack of data in its eastern part which is presumably related to differing levels of research effort dedicated by national Antarctic programmes in the region. The lack of basic data on fundamental aspects of the physical, geological and biological nature of eastern DML make predictions of future trends difficult to impossible, with implications for the provision of management advice including spatial management. Finally, by highlighting key knowledge gaps across the scientific disciplines our review also serves to provide guidance to future research across this important region.
Implicit and explicit learning of socio-emotional information in a dynamic interaction with a virtual avatar
Authors: Costea Andrei R. , Jurchiș Răzvan , Visu-Petra Laura , Cleeremans Axel , Norman Elisbeth , Opre Adrian
Published: August 2022

Implicit learning (IL) deals with the non-conscious acquisition of structural regularities from the environment. IL is often deemed essential for acquiring regularities followed by social stimuli (e.g., other persons’ behavior), hence is hypothesized to play a role in typical social functioning. However, our understanding of how this process might operate in social contexts is limited for two main reasons. First, while IL is highly sensitive to the characteristics of the surface stimuli upon which it operates, most IL studies have used surface stimuli with limited social validity (e.g., letters, symbols, etc.). Second, while the social environment is dynamic (i.e., our behaviors and reactions influence those of our social partners and vice-versa), the bulk of IL research employed noninteractive paradigms. Using a novel task, we examine whether IL is involved in the acquisition of regularities from a dynamic interaction with a realistic real-life-like agent. Participants (N = 115) interacted with a cinematic avatar that displayed different facial expressions. Their task was to regulate the avatar’s expression to a specified level. Unbeknownst to them, an equation mediated the relationship between their responses and the avatar’s expressions. Learning occurred in the task, as participants gradually increased their ability to bring the avatar in the target state. Subjective measures of awareness revealed that participants acquired both implicit and explicit knowledge from the task. This is the first study to show that IL operates in interactive situations upon socially relevant surface stimuli, facilitating future investigations of the role that IL plays in (a)typical social functioning.
National consensus statement by the Austrian Societies for Rheumatology, Pulmonology, Infectiology, Dermatology and Gastroenterology regarding the management of latent tuberculosis and the associated utilization of biologic and targeted synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
Authors: Rath Eva , Bonelli Michael , Duftner Christina , Gruber Johann , Mandl Peter , Moazedi-Furst Florentine , Pieringer Herwig , Puchner Rudolf , Flick Holger , Salzer Helmut J. F. , Weiss Günter , Winkler Stefan , Skvara Hans , Moschen Alexander , Hofer Harald , Feurstein Julia , Sautner Judith
Published: August 2022

This publication provides a thorough analysis of the most relevant topics concerning the management of latent tuberculosis when using biologic and targeted synthetic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) by a multidisciplinary, select committee of Austrian physicians. The committee includes members of the Austrian Societies for Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Pulmonology, Infectiology, Dermatology and Gastroenterology. Consensus was reached on issues regarding screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis and includes separate recommendations for each biologic and targeted synthetic DMARD.