bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quando o estado de coisas é inconstitucional: sobre o lugar do Poder Judiciário no problema carcerário
Authors: Machado Maira Rocha
Published: November 2020

O objetivo do presente texto é realizar uma análise documental de relatórios, decisões judiciais e pesquisas que contribuam a refletir sobre o papel desempenhado pelo poder judiciário no enfrentamento do problema carcerário. Para tanto, o texto parte do contexto latino-americano, revelando as semelhanças da situação das prisões brasileiras com inúmeras outras do continente, o que nos convida a refletir sobre as possibilidades de intercâmbio e aprendizado com as experiências de outros países. Diante disso, o artigo sistematiza e compara as decisões das cortes constitucionais colombiana e brasileira que declararam o estado de coisas inconstitucional dos sistemas prisionais desses países. E, em seguida, discute os limites da decisão colombiana e o que podemos aprender com ela para refletir sobre o problema carcerário no Brasil. Debruça-se também sobre o potencial dos pedidos formulados pelos autores da ADPF 347 para promover o desencarceramento e enfrentar, no longo prazo, o problema carcerário. Para não restringir essa análise dos tribunais superiores, a parte final do artigo focaliza as decisões do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo em ações civis públicas sobre o problema carcerário. E, por fim, aponta questões em aberto para novas pesquisas.
A tutela do direito à saúde pela Administração Pública: delineando o conceito de tutela administrativa sanitária
Authors: Melo de Casimiro Ligia Maria Silva , Sousa Thanderson Pereira de
Published: November 2020

O fenômeno da judicialização da saúde centraliza, predominantemente, o debate de dilemas decorrentes da política pública no âmbito do Poder Judiciário. Dessa maneira, esta pesquisa tem por intuito estabelecer uma perspectiva administrativa específica para a proteção do direito à saúde. A problemática gira, então, em torno do delineamento da noção de tutela administrativa para a saúde, seus elementos e fundamentos jurídicos. A abordagem metodológica é do tipo indutiva, apoiando-se nas técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Conclui-se que o direito à saúde e a política pública respectiva merecem gozar de tutela administrativa propriamente sanitária, a impulsionar o protagonismo da Administração e minimizar situações de conflito, equilibrando as dimensões objetiva e subjetiva.
Expediente
Authors: Masthead Journal
Published: November 2020

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A Study on the Present Situation and Countermeasures of Translation Practice for English Majors in China
Authors: Han Cuiping , Wang Li
Published: November 2020

This paper mainly uses the methods of questionnaire and qualitative analysis. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the last and current English majors. Mainly to understand their translation practice in school, including their attitude towards translation practice, the teaching mode of translation course, the time spent in translation practice after class and the main fields involved, and whether the school has provided translation practice platform and its practicability. The survey of 240 English majors reflects the present situation of English Majors in translation practice: 1) Strong willingness to translate; 2) Lack of practice in class; 3) Lack of extracurricular practice; 4) Lack of translation practice platform. To solve the problems in the translation practice of English majors analyzed by the survey results, this paper puts forward some countermeasures: including establishing a translation practice platform within the University, encouraging translation volunteer activities and building a cooperative translation mechanism between the University and the enterprise.
The Impact of Renewable Energy Generation on the Spot Market Price in Germany: Ex-Post Analysis using Boosting Method
Authors: Keeley Alexander Ryota , Matsumoto Ken’ichi , Tanaka Kenta , Sugiawan Yogi , Managi Shunsuke
Published: November 2020

This study combines regression analysis with machine learning analysis to study the merit order effect of renewable energy focusing on German market, the largest market in Europe with high renewable energy penetration. The results show that electricity from wind and solar sources reduced the spot market price by 9.64 €/MWh on average during the period from 2010 to 2017. Wind had a relatively stable impact across the day, ranging from 5.88 €/MWh to 8.04 €/MWh, while the solar energy impact varied greatly across different hours, ranging from 0.24 €/MWh to 11.78 €/MWh and having a stronger impact than wind during peak hours. The results also show characteristics of the interactions between renewable energy and spot market prices, including the slightly diminishing merit order effect of renewable energy at high generation volumes. Finally, a scenario-based analysis illustrates how different proportions of wind and solar energies affect the spot market price.
Competition in Markets for Ancillary Services? The Implications of Rising Distributed Generation
Authors: Pollitt Michael G. , Anaya Karim L.
Published: November 2020

Ancillary services are electricity products which include balancing energy, frequency regulation, voltage support, constraint management and reserves. Traditionally they have been procured by system operators from large conventional power plants, as by-products of the production of energy. This paper discusses the use of markets to procure ancillary services in the face of potentially higher demand for them, caused by rising amounts of intermittent renewable generation.

We discuss: the nature of markets for ancillary services; what we really mean by ancillary services; how they are impacted by the rise of distributed generation; how they are currently procured; how they relate to the rest of the electricity system; the current state of evidence on ancillary services markets; whether these markets ever be as competitive as conventional wholesale energy markets, and offer some conclusions.
Pricing and Competition with 100% Variable Renewable Energy and Storage
Authors: Ekholm Tommi , Virasjoki Vilma
Published: November 2020

Electricity production is a key sector in global decarbonization efforts, and variable renewable energy (VRE) technologies are a primary way to produce carbon-free electricity. We study an electricity market where generation is 100% VRE, while storage and elastic demand resolve temporal supply-demand imbalances. We model hourly market equilibrium to analyze price formation and imperfect, Cournot-type competition with varying levels of ownership concentration.

Market power is exerted either with storage-only or with both VRE and storage.

In such a system, prices are determined dynamically by demand and intertemporal storage decisions, breaking the static logic of “merit order” with dispatch-able generation. The numerical results indicate that market power with storage has a relatively moderate effect on prices and market efficiency. However, market power exerted with VRE has far larger welfare impacts, resulting from curtailed generation. However, such actions could be more readily observed by a regulator via monitoring.
Die datenschutzrechtliche Einwilligung
Authors: Voigt Marlene
Published: November 2020

Personal data is increasingly becoming a relevant economic asset. The present work shows that this change in meaning also affects the consent under data protection law, which, in addition to its original function as an instrument for the realization of personal autonomy, is increasingly to be understood as an instrument of economic exploitation of personal data. Based on this insight, the book provides a comprehensive interpretation of the requirements for consent under the GDPR and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the new data protection law.
Metakommunikation und die Qualität des Journalismus
Authors: Wladarsch Jennifer
Published: November 2020

Professional journalism has been in crisis for many years, often having to endure accusations of a drop in quality. What demands do the public place on journalism and how do they assess its quality? In this unchartered territory of quality research, this book provides insightful theoretical and empirical answers to the aforementioned questions based on a theoretical examination of the concept of metacommunication, which has been insufficiently systematised to date. The study provides essential explanations of how the public orients themselves in relation to other people and meta-information. Its qualitative survey investigates the significance of metacommunication in a news context for different phases in the formation of individual opinions.
Das bedrohte Subjekt
Authors: Czasny Karl
Published: November 2020

The present collection of essays examines the ontological and objectivistic dimensions of the modern scientific worldview that make it difficult for people to see themselves as self-determined actors. At the heart of the book are two treatises that deal with the physical, biochemical, genetic and evolutionary approaches to the fact of life. Supplementary reflections deal with the connections between human subjectivity and artificial intelligence, with the interrelation of knowledge and belief and with other philosophers' approaches to the worldview of modern science.
Comparing the Effect of Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream and Infiltrative Lidocaine on Overall Pain Perception During Thoracentesis and Abdominocentesis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Halili Hanieh , Azizkhani Reza , Tavakoli Garmaseh Saeid , Jafarpisheh Mohammad Saleh , Heydari Farhad , Masoumi Babak , Maghami Mehr Asieh
Published: November 2020

Background: Acute pain management is a core ethical commitment to medical practice. However, there is evidence to suggest that sometimes infiltrative lidocaine (IL) is not used prior to thoracentesis and abdominocentesis due to the belief that two needles cause greater pain than one. However, topical anesthetics like lidocaine-prilocaine cream (LPC) are painless, easy to use, and have less systemic side effects. Therefore, LPC can be a suitable substitute for medical procedures. Objectives: This study was designed to compare the analgesic effects of LPC with IL in thoracentesis and abdominocentesis. Methods: Patients were divided into two study groups, including individuals seeing a physician for a thoracentesis (N = 36) and those seeing a physician for an abdominocentesis (N = 33). Patients were randomly assigned to the IL (N = 35) or LPC (N = 34) groups for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. The IL group received 100 mg of 2% lidocaine 5 minutes prior to their procedure, whereas the LPC group received 2.5 g of lidocaine-prilocaine cream. The cream was spread over a 20 - 25 cm2 area and occluded with dressing plaster for 30 minutes prior to the procedure. In both study groups, the thoracentesis and abdominocentesis were ultrasound-guided. Results: The findings suggest a non-significant difference between overall pain perception in LPC and IL groups generally, as well as specifically in abdominocentesis and thoracentesis groups. Furthermore, the result remained the same after controlling for confounding variables. The number of attempts to perform successful abdominocentesis was significantly higher in the LPC than IL (P-value = 0.003) group but was not significant in the thoracentesis group (P-value = 0.131). The level of patient satisfaction in the LPC and IL groups were not significantly different (P-value > 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, LPC appears to be an appropriate alternative to IL in reducing pain during thoracentesis and abdominocentesis, but it seemed to increase unsuccessful medical procedure attempts.
The impact of video game character viewpoints and task on perceptions of cognitive and similarity identification
Authors: Cicchirillo Vincent J.
Published: November 2020

The following study examines the effect of character viewpoints in a video game and task (motivation) on outcomes associated with identification and enjoyment. The study employs a 2 (first-person viewpoint vs. third-person viewpoint) × 2 (task vs. no task) experimental design to test potential theoretical impacts of identification. Specifically, this study looked at how first-person and third-person viewpoints impact identification (cognitive vs. similarity) and enjoyment after playing a video game. The results showed that third-person perspectives through manipulated gaming objectives (task) positively impacted identification. Furthermore, task was associated with higher game play enjoyment. This study adds to the current literature by comparing different type’s identification (cognitive vs. similarity) and how these concepts are impacted by point-of-view and motivation. Thus, extending our theoretical understanding of identification.
Türkiye'de Özel Sektörün Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk Anlayışına İlişkin Yarar Algısı: Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk Faaliyetlerinin Duyurulmasında Web Sitelerinin Kullanılması
Authors: YILMAZ SERT Nuray
Published: November 2020

Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk KSS anlayışı hem topluma hem kuruma değer katan bir kavram olarak bir yandan toplumsal refahın gelişmesine katkıda bulunurken öte taraftan kurumların bir toplumdaki varlıklarını sürdürebilmelerinin de temelini oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla hayırseverlik anlayışından farklı olarak Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk faaliyetlerinde kurumsal ve toplumsal olmak üzere iki taraflı yarar gözetilmektedir. Bu nedenle özellikle kurum yararının sağlanabilmesi için sosyal sorumluluk çalışmalarından kamuoyunun haberdar edilebilmesi önemlidir. Günümüzde kurumsal web sitelerinin bu çalışmaların duyurulmasında etkin bir şekilde kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma öncelikle, Türkiye’de özel sektörün Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk anlayışına ilişkin toplumsal ve kurumsal yarar algısını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada, kurumsal yararın sağlanabilmesi için KSS faaliyetlerinin duyurulmasında web sitelerinin kullanımı araştırılmaktadır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde, KSS kavramının içeriği, tarihsel gelişimi ve hayırseverlik anlayışından farklı yönleri açıklanmaktadır. İkinci bölümde, KSS kavramı ile ilişkili ekonomik yaklaşımlar ele alınmaktadır. Her iki bölümde de literatür taraması yapılarak, çalışma konusu bilimsel bir çerçevede incelenmektedir. Araştırmaya dayalı üçüncü bölümde ise, Capital dergisi tarafından gerçekleştirilen “Türkiye’nin En Büyük 500 Özel Şirketi” araştırmasının 2011 yılında açıklanan sonuçlarına göre, genel merkezi İstanbul’da bulunan şirketlere yönelik bir anket uygulaması yapılarak elde edilen verilerin analizi sunulmaktadır. Ayrıca araştırmaya katılan şirketlerin kurumsal web siteleri incelenerek KSS faaliyetlerinin bu web sitelerinde yer alıp almadığı belirtilmektedir. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre, şirketlerin büyük bir çoğunluğu KSS faaliyetlerinin kurumsal yararları olduğunu kabul etse de toplumsal yararlarının kurumsal yararlarından fazla olduğu görüşündedir. KSS faaliyetlerinden sadece toplumsal yarar gözettiklerini belirten şirketlerin % 67,6’sının kurumsal web sitelerinde bu tür faaliyetlerini açıklamadıkları bununla birlikte, KSS faaliyetlerinden hem toplum hem kurum yararı gözettiklerini belirten şirketlerin ise % 79,1’inin kurumsal web sitelerinde bu tür faaliyetlerini duyurdukları görülmektedir.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Bilgisayar Oyunu Oynama Alışkanlıkları, Amaçları ve Oyun Tercihlerinin İncelenmesi: Maltepe Üniversitesi Örneği
Authors: TUTGUN ÜNAL Aylin , İNAN Faruk , KAYA Mehmet Tuğrul , FIRAT Murat , GÜZELBABA Zuhal , BAHADIR Aylin
Published: November 2020

Günümüzde teknolojik cihazların giderek mobil hale gelmesiyle pek çok uygulama platform değiştirir hale gelmiştir. Bu uygulamaların önemli bir tanesi de değişik amaçlara hizmet eden bilgisayar oyunlarıdır. Bilgisayar oyunları, eğlence ya da stres atma aracı olarak betimlendiği gibi, aynı zamanda gerek “eğitsel oyunlar” olarak, gerekse “zekâ/bulmaca” vs. türünden oyunlar olarak hem eğitime hem de kişisel gelişime de hizmet etmektedir. Bu açıdan baktığımızda, bilgisayar oyunları eğitim-öğretim sürecinde eğitimci ve öğrencilere fayda sağlayan uygulamalar olarak ta düşünülebilir. Bu araştırmada, geleceğin öğretmenleri olarak düşünülen öğretmen adayı üniversite öğrencilerinin bilgisayar oyunu oynama alışkanlıkları, amaçları ve oyun tercihlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, İstanbul’da yer alan Maltepe Üniversitesi’ndeki 180 öğretmen adayı ile yürütülmüştür. Veri toplamada, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Dijital Oyun Oynama Alışkanlıklarını Belirleme Anketi” kullanılmıştır. Ankette, öğretmen adaylarının demografik özelliklerine, oyun oynama alışkanlıklarına, oyun tercihlerine ve oyun oynama amaçlarına yönelik sorular yer almakta olup, uygulama sonucunda birtakım bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Bazı bulgular şu şekildedir: (a) Öğretmen adaylarının %77,8’i oyun oynamaktadır; (b) Daha çok evde ve bilgisayar üzerinden oyun oynamaktadırlar; (c) Oyun türlerinden en çok “bulmaca/zekâ” oyunlarını oynamaktadırlar; (d) Facebook’ta en çok tercih ettikleri oyunlar “okey” ve “kart oyunlarıdır”; (e) Erkeklerin günlük bilgisayar oyunu oynama süresi kadınlardan daha fazladır ve daha çok cihaz türü kullanarak çok oyunculu oyunları tercih etmektedirler; (f) Erkek ve kadın öğrencilerin oynadıkları oyun türleri farklılaşmaktadır; (g) Bilgisayar oyunlarını en çok eğlence/zevk amaçlı oynasalar da, eğitim amaçlı oynayanların oranı %55,6’dır. Araştırma sonunda, araştırma sonuçlarından yola çıkılarak, bilgisayar oyunlarının eğitimdeki önemine yönelik birtakım vurgulamalara ve önerilere yer verilmiştir.
The Behavioral Economics of Biodiversity Conservation Scientists
Authors: Vellend Mark ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: November 2020

Values have a profound influence on the behaviour of all people, scientists included. Biodiversity is studied by ecologists, like myself, most of whom align with the “mission-driven” field of conservation biology. The mission involves the protection of biodiversity, and a set of contextual values including the beliefs that biological diversity and ecological complexity are good and have intrinsic value. This raises concerns that the scientific process might be influenced by biases toward outcomes that are aligned with these values. Retrospectively, I have identified such biases in my own work, resulting from an implicit assumption that organisms that are not dependent on natural habitats (e.g., forests) effectively do not count in biodiversity surveys. Finding that anthropogenic forest disturbance reduces the diversity of plant species dependent on shady forests can thus be falsely equated with more general biodiversity loss. Disturbance might actually increase overall plant diversity (i.e., including all of the species found growing in a particular place). In this paper I ask whether ecologists share values that are unrepresentative of broader society, I discuss examples of potential value-driven biases in biodiversity science, and I present some hypotheses from behavioral economics on possible psychological underpinnings of shared values and preferences among ecologists.
On eight species of the spider genus Synagelides Strand, 1906 from China (Araneae: Salticidae)
Authors: Wang Cheng , Mi Xiao-Qi , Irfan Muhammad , Peng Xian-Jin
Published: November 2020

Six new species of Synagelides Strand, 1906 are diagnosed and described: S. bohdanowiczi sp. nov. (♂♀), S. leigongensis sp. nov. (♂♀), S. logunovi sp. nov. (♂♀), S. subgambosus sp. nov. (♂♀), S. wuliangensis sp. nov. (♂♀) and S. xingdouensis sp. nov. (♂♀). The female of S. forkiforma Yang, Zhu & Song, 2007 and the male of S.  longus Song & Chai, 1992 are described for the first time. Photos of the habitus and copulatory organs, as well as a distributional map, are provided.
Man as barbarian
Authors: Lazarević Velibor
Published: November 2020

Immoderate, rapid development of humanity demands immoderate exploitation of natural resources and regular environment deterioration. On the other hand, moderate consumption would mean a moderate exploitation of natural resources. Thus, instead of the consumption society should be created a safeguard one which would preserve the nature from exaggerated exploitation and pollution. In the last decades, instead of market economy the advocates of ecological or sustainable economy are appearing, and in order to preserve biosphere the industrial economy would be replaced by the ecological one. By the use of chemical protective or incentive agents, man deteriorated life of Divine creatures, birds, bees and other insects as the native plant pollinators. Man paradoxically polluted the air, poisoned the water, soil and plants by which he feeds himself. Almost all arable lands are poisoned by chemistry (artificial fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides). This process, instead of being slowed down is being accelerated. As the self-proclaimed master of the planet, man is, at the same time, the greatest destroyer. In order not to be the criminal of nature in the future but its fried, man should develop a new ecological consciousness - human ecology, ethical relationship toward nature, give up profit selfish interests, sightless exploitation, dirty and war technology and become the one and the same with nature since the destruction and robbery of nature are one of contemporary civilization inhumanities being made by man at his own harm. Besides being barbarian against nature, man is also barbarian against his fellow-countrymen (dissidents, other believers, poor and rich ones...). None as man is so powerful at other man harm inflict; he causes wars, revolutions, terrorism, and hate against other and own people as the ideal of world peace-making neither exists nor is desirable.
The impact of changes in the base and precious metals prices on credit risk factors
Authors: Živanović Vladimir
Published: November 2020

The changes in the prices of base and precious metals on the global metal market have a significant impact on credit risk factors. The link between these factors has been neglected over the years by traditional credit risk models. The inclusion of correlation coefficients within the set credit risk model will show the impact of these changes on other variables of credit risk over the years under review and the impact of these changes on the probability of default and the recovery rate. Changes in base metals prices on the London Metal Exchange (LME) for lead and zinc and the London Bullion Metal Association (LBMA) for gold and silver as precious metals were used in the proposed credit risk model for the period of ten years. The research was done by using the multivariate regression analysis model and based on the statistical model evaluation,the significant impact of all observed independent variables on the dependent variable of the proposed model was proved. The construction of the proposed model with proven predictability gives a scientific significance to the research that includes variables of models from different markets, which have a significant impact on the variables from the financial market.
Teachers' implicit beliefs about (mathematical) intelligence
Authors: Radević Luna , Jerković Ivona , Milovanović Ilija
Published: November 2020

Implicit theories of intelligence are individual beliefs about the nature of intelligence, which are used on a daily basis as part of self-assessment and assessment of others, and are a significant factor shaping attitudes and behaviors. Research to date suggests that teachers can influence their students' beliefs about intelligence, which in turn affect motivation and achievement. According to Dweck's model, implicit theories of intelligence are a bipolar construct, with two theories at its extremes - the entity theory, which stresses the immutability of intelligence, and the incremental theory, which holds that intelligence can be improved through training and learning. Recent research, however, indicates that these two theories represent distinct, uncorrelated dimensions. The aim of this study was to carry out a psychometric evaluation of the Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale (ITIS) and the Mathematics-Oriented Implicit Theory of Intelligence Scale (MOITIS). 228 primary and secondary school teachers in Serbia (87.7% female; average age 42.79 years) took part in the study. The results of factor analysis suggest the existence of two factors on both scales: incremental theory and entity theory. Further analysis showed that both factors of the ITIS and MOITIS scales have satisfactory psychometric properties. Significant differences were detected between primary and secondary school teachers on the ITIS scale. More specifically, among teachers of science subjects, mathematics and medical subjects the attitude that intelligence is a fixed trait is more pronounced than among teachers of the arts, humanities and social sciences.
About mineralized water in Gornji Striževac near Babušnica
Authors: Miladinović Branko
Published: November 2020

With hydrochemical testings of underground waters which were performed during the years 2015 and 2016 in the wider space of structural basin Babušnica, the appearance of mineral water was recognized in one of the dug wells in a village Gornji Striževac. As for hydrogeological views, it's about a chamber of mineral water which was formed as a part of "the first aquifer zone" in the sewer built from sandclay and gravel sediments of Pliocene (Pl). The water is mildly mineral (M=1012mg/l) and, by the Alekin classification, belongs to the class of hydrocarbons, calcium group of type 1 (Cl1,01Ca29.8). With the use of a "Genetic Diagram" (D'Amore, Scandiffio & Panichi, 1983), ion hydrocarbonates (HCO3 - ) are dominating in the water. There is the impoverishment of sulfates (SO42-), and the content of chlorid ions (Cl) is smaller than sodium ions (Na+). In a cationic composition, calcium ions (Ca2+) are, by their value, above the cumulative content of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium (K+). An instability of ratio in content was spotted, between sodium ions (Na+) and magnesium (Mg2+). It is also characteristic that a ratio change appears from time to time Ca2+ + Mg2+ ↔ HCO3even though the hydrocarbonated ion is dominant in mineral water. Taken in entirety, conditions for the forming of mineral water in Gornji Striževac are connected to the interaction of ground water with hydrocarbonated-calcium content (HCO3-Ca2+) with the geological environment (volcano-detitric rocks otb, Pliocene sediments Pl). According to the volume of analyzed parameters, mineral water is characterized by the raised values of: boron (B), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn). Water is not correct for drinking because of high values of nitrates (NO2), amonium ions (NH4 ) and oxidability (KMnO4). Water has also low radioactivity.
Ilija Nikolić's collection and collection of materials Pirot and Nišava district
Authors: Nikolić Goran
Published: November 2020

In 1981-82, Ilija Nikolić published a collection of documents "Pirot and Nišava district: 1801-1918: materials". Copies of the documents on the basis of which he prepared the book are kept in the Historical Archive of Pirot and Ilija Nikolić himself named them the Collection of Ilija Nikolić. The author researched this book to get acquainted with the documents which were not included in the book. It was noticed that in the Collection, as well as in the book, there is a predominance of educational documents and insufficiency of documents from other areas of life. In addition, Nikolić was inclined to exclude or supress documents which pointed to some deeper social contradictions or anomalies and were not in accordance with prevailing consciousness and stereotypes.
Cultural policy and memory of the fighters of the People's Liberation War: The central role of the army in political legitimation of the new political structure
Authors: Vukotić-Lazar Marta , Marković-Savić Olivera
Published: November 2020

The fighters of the People's Liberation War (PLW) enjoyed the social prestige and the monuments of the killed fighters served the role of the ideological interests of the ruling class at the time. The aim of this paper is to show the link between the alive social actors and the chosen dead ones (fighters of the PLW, partisans) through the use of the anthropological anxiety of the cessation of life through metaphorical immortality and eternal memory. Essentially, this was the illusion for ideological foundation, special thematic and ideological orientation of sculptures within the public space. Via symbolic contents, such as monuments in this case, death is shown as the transition, that is, new beginning of life and not its end. Active involvement of a number of artists from all parts of former Yugoslavia within the units of the Partisan army in the PLW is the phenomenon which unequivocally testifies about the link of their political commitment and artistic creation, which also got particularly strong momentum immediately after the Liberation. The most important social task in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) was nurturing of the revolutionary tradition, especially seen in the erection of memorials, then in (re)naming of the towns with Tito's name or the names of the local heroes, as well as streets, schools, factories, but also in organizing marches to places where the famous battles and Partisan sessions during the PLW occurred, etc. This paper, among other things, deals with extremely fruitful production of the sculptors in the liberated country, especially from the aspect of extensive social orders, which at the same time encouraged and enabled fast and diverse development of the public monuments within urban areas on the ground of the whole former Yugoslavia, whose modus operandi was reshaping of the political and ideological map of The New Yugoslavia and ideological and political battle with "relapses of the past".
The Use of Simple Algebra in Business Arithmetic
Authors: Schaaf William L.
Published: November 2020

Some years ago the writer overheard a conversation between two college students, both majors in mathematics, one of whom was preparing to take an examination for a license to teach business arithmetic. Upon being asked by his companion what he thought of the text he was studying, he remarked that business arithmetic seemed to be a collection of ingenious devices to achieve what might be done much more simply by the use of simple algebraic symbols and equations. While this observation could scarcely serve as an adequate characterization of business arithmetic, it nevertheless suggests that the use of a minimum amount of basic algebra might very well simplify many of the procedures of business arithmetic, and at the same time make them more meaningful.
The Story of My Father
Authors: Rickard Ruth Schorling
Published: November 2020

When my father spoke of “down home,” he meant the old farm in Ripley County, Indiana, where he grew up. Every fall, for many years, we went to the farm for a visit, and there Dad stopped being Professor Raleigh Schorling of the University of Michigan, and became just a boy who was back home.
Raleigh Schorling in World War II
Authors: Wickham Joseph J.
Published: November 2020

During World War II, Raleigh Schorling gave extensively of his time and knowledge to the Training Program of the United States Navy. The idea of a Navy training program was not entirely new. In fact, as far back as World War I, the Navy had instituted a system of Training Course Manuals for use by enlisted men who were striving for promotion in their respective rates. However, the available training courses in all ratings were limited in number and, at the time of Pearl Harbor, considerably outdated. Naval Aviation meanwhile had become a large and extremely important part of the Navy. There were more than 22 regular aviation ratings and 13 specialist designations, but only four training manuals.
The General Mathematics Movement and Raleigh Schorling's Significant Contribution to It
Authors: Reeve William D. , Clark John R.
Published: November 2020

The reform movement in the teaching of secondary mathematics, variously known as fused mathematics, correlated mathematics, integrated mathematics, fundamental mathematics and general mathematics, was initiated and promoted by a group of teachers in the Chicago area during the first two decades of the century. Among the group in order of their identification with it, were George Myers of the School of Education of the University of Chicago, Ernst Breslich, R. M. Matthews, William D. Reeve, and Raleigh Schorling, of the University of Chicago High School, Harold Rugg of the School of Education of the University of Chicago, and John R. Clark of the Chicago Teachers College.
An Evolving Bill of Rights for Teachers
Authors: Schorling Raleigh
Published: November 2020

In recent months newspapers, magazines, and government reports have printed convincing facts regarding the shortage of qualified teachers. The prospects of getting enough good teachers in the next decade are poor. The fact is that many able young persons now in training, who under proper conditions would prefer to teach, are rejecting teaching as a career. Salary is an issue, but there are about a dozen additional reasons why young people turn away from teaching. Most of these relate to the working conditions of teachers.
Notes on Affiliated Groups
Authors: Mayor John R.
Published: November 2020

Suggestions received from representatives of Affiliated Groups continue to emphasize the need for and desirability of increased co-ordination of the activities of the Affiliated Groups and the National Council. The Group representatives and other interested Council members continue to send in excellent suggestions for new services that the National Council might render the Affiliated Groups and individual Council members. The suggestions also have given consideration to the possibilities for the Affiliated Groups to help the National Council in rendering these services. For example, the Affiliated Groups could carry a major part of the responsibility in studies of certificate requirements in the various states, preparation of a bibliography of state and local courses of study, in the organization of plans for exchange of mathematics teachers within the country.
Topics of Interest to Mathematics Teachers: Guidance: The Case for Mathematics
Authors: Schaaf William L.
Published: November 2020

Twenty years ago one heard very little about “guidance” in high school mathematics. Many students took mathematics only because they were required to do so, or because they were told it was good for them. Other students took no mathematics- having been misguided by wellmeaning adults. World War II temporarily usurped the role of guidance counsellor. There was little doubt as to what had to be done.
Applications
Authors: Myers Sheldon S.
Published: November 2020

We are pleased with the letters that are being received about “Applications.” Both contributions and criticisms are welcome. Some letters which correct errors will be mentioned in the department, such as the one by M. H. Ahrendt of Anderson College, Anderson, Indiana, who discovered in T. 1 “Measuring the Earth's Circumference” that the length of the Kalamazoo shadow should be 56.99, not 53.99 inches, and the one by Paul J. Eby of Boston University, who refined the opening sentence in Ar. 2 “Aliquoting” as follows: “Ten grams of a substance are dissolved in a reagent to make 100 ml. (milliliters) of solution.” This a more precise statement of actual practice. However, we shall try to answer all letters directly by mail.
Making “Pi” Meaningful
Authors: Tripp Hillard C.
Published: November 2020

One of the most difficult experiences that junior high school mathematics students encounter is the understanding of pi. The approximate value of 3.14 can be memorized in a short time, but what meaning does it have for the student after he has memorized it?
What is Going On in Your School?
Authors: Mayor John R. , Weisel Paul M.
Published: November 2020

Section A of a study on trends in teaching mathematics was published in the November issue of The Mathematics Teacher. A summary of replies to the questions in Section A, which was concerned with mathematics enrollments, was reported in the April number. Because of the small number of replies received the questions of Section A will be repeated in The Mathematics Teacher for October.
Book Section
Authors: Stipanowich Joseph
Published: November 2020

This section presents the latest books which have been received for review in The Mathematics Teacher. Reviews of many of these books will appear in the monthly issues. Members of the Council are invited to send us further comments or corrections of errors relating to any of the books mentioned. In addition, a free loan service is available whereby any member may borrow any of the books listed for a period not to exceed two weeks. Requests should be addrtJssed to The Mathematics Teacher, 212 Lunt Building, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
The Numeral Frame—A Device for Use in the Teaching of Counting
Authors: Norton Donna
Published: November 2020

The numeral frame is a development from the old-fashioned bead counter, or abacus, which for a long time was considered essential for teaching beginners in arithmetic. The bead counter was a device small enough for a child to hold in his hand, while the numeral frame, as shown by Figure 1, is large enough for demonstrations before a class. In the case of the bead counter, the movable beads were permanently attached to the device, while in the numeral frame, the blocks may be removed. The beads were not numbered, but the blocks used with the numeral frame are numbered from one to one hundred. The number symbols on the blocks are large enough to be read by every child in a class of ordinary size, and it is this feature which largely determines the practical size of the numeral frame.
Secondary School Mathematics in Great Britain and the United States
Authors: Brace William S.
Published: November 2020

I am very conscious of the honor done to me and to the teachers of Britain by your president in asking me to address you. My qualifications for talking about American schools and educational methods are very slight indeed compared with (hose of many of you here today, so I am quite sure that it is not on those grounds that I am being asked to speak to you. Perhaps it is that someone is a little suspicious of the report that I am going to curry baek to England, and is contemplating “bumping me off” if I haven't formed satisfactory impressions of this beautiful state of yours! For my own safety, then, I will say at once that I think that Colorado is one of the most beautiful places in the world, that the people of Colorado are among the most hospitable in the world, and that the schools of Denver, which are the only Colorado schools that I know much about, are among the best in the world.
What is Going On In Your School?
Authors: Mayor John R.
Published: November 2020

In This issue this Department is given over entirely to data recently made available by the Federal Security Agency, Office of Education. The tables given below are taken from the Statistical Circular, No. 294, National Summary of Offerings and Enrollments in High School Subjects, 1948-49, by Mabel C. Rice, Survey Statistician.
References for Mathematics Teachers
Authors: Schaaf William L.
Published: November 2020

A Prominent development during the past few years has been a lively interest in laboratory methods, involving the use of experiments, models, instruments and a variety of equipment. In this connection, the Eighteenth Yearbook (1945) of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics contains a wealth of source material and bibliographic data. The purpose of the following notes is to supplement this data and bring it up to date with a minimum of repetition. References to visual aids, in the sense of pictures, charts, slides, film strips, motion pictures, etc., have been deliberately excluded.
Report on the Second Delegate Assembly
Authors: Mayor John R.
Published: November 2020

The Agenda of the Second Delegate Assembly of The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, held in Pittsburgh, March 29 and 30, 1951, was determined by questions proposed by Affiliated Groups during the year and reported in thissection of The Mathematics Teacher and in the Newsletter of the Affiliated Groups. Among the topics given considerat ion by the Delegates were clarification of requirements for affiliation, relationships between Affiliated Groups and State Representatives, distribution and sharing of materials prepared by the various Groups, problems of publicity, Speakers Bureau, budget of the Committee on Affiliated Groups, possibilities for a traveling exhibit, and contest sponsorship.
What Permanent Values Have Courses in Mathematics for Students Who Will Make No Professional Use of Them?
Authors: Miller Norman
Published: November 2020

The subject which is broached in my title today is not a new one. Indeed it figures largely, in one guise or another, in the program of this meeting. Further discussion of the topic is suggested by the emphasis which is currently being placed on general education. There are educators who regard mathematics, beyond the elements of arithmetic, as a specialty, and would give it scant space in a general education. On the other hand, this meeting bears witness to the belief of many people that mathematics has general as well as special values and that its total contribution to a general education is at least as great as that of any other subject. If we hold this belief, our ability to translate our faith into argument convincing to the non-mathematical educators will be the measure of our success in retaining for mathematics its traditional honored place on the curriculum.
Self-Directed Homework
Authors: Klein Rose
Published: November 2020

All of us know classes in which, the lesson over, the teacher calls out, “Just a minute, class. Homework for tomorrow: page 00, ex. 1-5.” Often it is not as rushed as this. Quite calmly, about the middle of the lesson, the teacher announces the stereotyped words, “And now the homework: page 00, ex. 1-5.”
Critical Thinking—What Is It?
Authors: Pingry Robert E.
Published: November 2020

What is critical thinking? Can we mathematics teachers tell what we mean by the phrase? Do mathematics teachers mean the same by critical thinking as do the teachers of the social studies or the logician or the psychologist?
What Mathematics Shall We Teach in the Fourth Year of High School?
Authors: MacDuffee C. C.
Published: November 2020

I think I might as well start right out with a statement of what I think should be the content of the fourth year of mathematics in high school. I think it should be a course in which advanced algebra and the rudiments of analytic geometry arc integrated, and which contains a few of the essential ideas of the calculus in the second semester.
Some Transformations from a Unit Circle with Line Values of the Sine Function
Authors: Dickinson Frank G.
Published: November 2020

Several transformations from a unit circle were developed a few years ago by manipulating a physical model of a unit circle of 6 inch radius constructed to serve as a classroom aid for explaining the sine curve, the cycloid and the cardioid to students at the University of Illinois.
Mathematical Recreations
Authors: Bakst Aaron
Published: November 2020

Long division may he so tedious that it stretches longer than it actually is…. The fundamental multiplication (and division) facts may be so distasteful that the mere thought about them drives a teacher to distraction…. And who has ever heard about reasoning in arithmetic? … There is enough trouble and worry in getting the pupils to do the simple exercises in the fundamental operations….
Influence of Research on Instruction in Arithmetic
Authors: Wrightstone J. Wayne
Published: November 2020

Research on instruction in arithmetic has influenced and continues to influence teaching procedures and the content of arithmetic at various grade levels. The influence of research operates through individual teachers and supervisors who keep informed about investigations in arithmetic. It operates, also, through arithmetic courses of study and textbooks which translate research findings on arithmetic content and procedures into suggestions for classroom activities and methods. It is recognized that widespread adoption of research findings in arithmetic instruction is a slow and gradual process, but the evidence is clear that research alters current practices. Since the early days of systematic research on arithmetic in social usage, as reported by Wilson and others (15),* content of the curriculum has progressively changed. The influence of selected research studies on instruction in arithmetic is summarized in this paper.
What is Going on in Your School?
Authors: Mayor John R. , Brown John A.
Published: November 2020

Ensley High School chose as its theme for the semester “Appreciation of Our Environment.” Every teacher in each department carried out the theme in her work.
Edwin W. Schreiber 1890-1951
Authors: Ayre H. Glenn
Published: November 2020

“Rasch tritt der Tod den Menschen an, es ist ihm keine Frist gegeben.”—Death comes to mankind without warning; he is given no respite. Thus wrote Edwin W. Schreiber in a letter to a boyhood friend just a few days before death came to him without warning and without respite.
Notes on the Affiliated Groups
Authors: Mayor John R.
Published: November 2020

In the fall number of the Newsletter of Affiliated Groups information on bulletins of the various Affiliated Groups was given so that the records on these publications could be kept up-to-date. Officers of the Groups were asked to keep the Committee informed about their present policies and plans for publications. These publications have become an important factor in the growth and development of many of the affiliated organizations.
Report of State Representatives
Authors: Ahrendt M. H.
Published: November 2020

At the end of the first semester of the present school year a questionnaire was sent to each of the state representatives of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. The 44 replies that have been received to date reveal some interesting data.
Mathematical Miscellanea
Authors: Jones Phillip S.
Published: November 2020

The following letters are reproduced for the testimony they bear to (a) the “intellectual” and “avocational” interests which a surprising number of non-professional mathematicians can and do have in our subject, and (b) the excellent independent thinking which such persons (including some of our students) can do with some stimulus.
Applications
Authors: Myers Sheldon S.
Published: November 2020

Several months ago John Schacht of Bexley, Ohio, who has been pioneering with flexible geometry models for well over a decade, contacted me and inquired whether I knew of an application of Ceva's Theorem. This theorem was published by Giovanni Ceva at Milan, Italy, in 1678 and may be briefly stated as follows: If three concurrent lines are drawn from the vertices of a triangle to the opposite sides dividing the sides into pairs of segments, the product of three non-adjacent segments is equal to the product of the other three segments.
Mathematics in Engineering Research
Authors: Cooper Chas. M.
Published: November 2020

The subject for this evening's talk no doubt calls to mind such things as vector analysis, wave mechanics, Bessel functions, differential equations, matrix algebra, analog computers, and the theory of relativity. I hope you will not be disappointed if such subjects, important though they be, are not mentioned again this evening. I have no intention of belittling these tools of higher mathematics and of theoretical physics. They have their place and it's an important one; but, in engineering research as in most other phases of living, mast progress toward understanding is made through clear, quantitative thinking, employing the simpler mathematical tools taught in elementary and high schools and in the first year or two of college work. So it will be arithmetic rather than analog computers this evening.
Report of the Third Delegate Assembly
Authors: Rogers Mary C.
Published: November 2020

The Third Delegate Assembly of The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics was held at Des Moines, Iowa, Thursday and Friday, April 17 and 18, 1952. The agenda for the Assembly was prepared from suggestions of officers of Affiliated Groups and other members of the National Council.