bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRAVEL REPORT BY ALEKSANDER JANTA-POŁCZYNSKI «INTO THE USSR» (1932): FROG PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Golovko Khrystyna
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes a series of materials by Aleksander Janta-Polczynski «Into the USSR» from Soviet Russia during the in 1932, published on «Wiadomości Literackiе». The purpose of this article is explain the uniqueness of the reporter’s style and personality. We want to emphasize the role of Janta-Polczynski as the pioneer of reportage journalism. He was the first who worked professionally in this position in the full sense of this word. Analyzed the cycle of Alexander Janta-Polczynski from Russia, we can emphasize the scale of the reporter’s trip: in 1932 the journalist made the largest journalistic trip to the USSR. Janta visited the Eastern republics, which differed from the popular Moscow and Leningrad. Also, he saw the largest construction in the USSR at this time – which it bragged about russian newspapers – Magnitogorsk and Dneprostroy. For a better understanding are given the visual examples from reportorial texts. It should be noted that for Janta the main task of the reporter is to show what is seen and recorded: only facts and personal experience in communication. This cycle can safely be called a journey and social expedition. The main task for Janta the scene where the reportage takes place is to find proper characters and convince them of the importance of their story. These are the materials of a reporter – an eyewitness, not a researcher, a report from the scene, which pushes the reader to an independent conclusion. We explore that all the Janta-Polczynski texts are inextricably linked by looking into the «middle» of the process: the diversity of what is seen allows the journalist to look for differences and similarities, compare, look at the fundamental components, track changes and distinguish them. Special attention was paid to a low-angle shot in his materials. He describes how Soviet society lives, how factories work, how the system of educating a Soviet person, goes to the movies and exhibitions, communicates with ordinary citizens. Undoubtedly, all this is successfully complemented by the factual detail and uniqueness of the author’s style.
THE CONCEPT OF CREATIVITY IN JOURNALISM
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kost’ Stepan
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes some theoretical and practical aspects of creativity. The author shares his opinion that the concept of creativity belongs to the fundamental concepts of philosophy, psychology, literature, art, pedagogy. Creativity is one of the important concepts of the theory of journalism. The author does not agree with the extended definition of creativity. He believes that journalistic activity becomes creativity when it is free and associated with the creation and establishment of new national and universal values, with the highest intensity of intellectual and moral strength of the journalist, when journalism is a manifestation of civic position, when this activity combines professional skills and perfect literary form.The author also believes that literary skill and the skill of a journalist are not identical concepts, because literary skill is a component of journalistic skill.
VOLODYMYR LENYK AS A JOURNALIST AND EDITOR IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Prysyazhna-Gapchenko Julia
Published: March 2021

In this article considered Journalistic and editorial activity of Volodymyr Lenika (14.06.1922–02.11.2005) – one of the leading figures of Ukrainian emigration in Germany. First outlined basic landmarks of his life and creation. Journalistic and editorial activity of Volodymyr Lenik was during to forty years out of Ukraine. In the conditions of emigration politically zaangazhovani Ukrainians counted on temporality of the stay abroad and prepared to transference of the created charts and instituciy on native lands. It was or by not main part of conception of liberation revolution of elaborate OUN under the direction of Stepan Banderi, and successfully incarnated in post-war years. Volodymyr Lenik, executing responsible commissions Organization, proved on a few directions of activity, which were organically combined with his journalistic and editorial work. As an editor he was promotorom of creation and realization of models of magazines «Avangard», «Krylati», «Znannia», «Freie Presse Korespondenz», newspapers «Shliakh peremogy». As a journalist Volodymyr Lenik left ponderable work, considerable part of which entered in two-volume edition «Ukrainians on strange land, or reporting, from long journeys». Subject of him newspaper-magazine publications directed on illumination of school, youth, student, cultural, scientific problems, organization and activity of emigrant structures, political fight of emigration, to dethronement of the antiukrainskikh Moscow diversions and provocations. Such variety of problematic of works of V. Lenika was directed in the river-bed of retaining of revolutionary temperament in the environment of diaspore, to bringing in of it to activity in public and political life. Problematic of him is systematized publicism and journalistic appearances, which was inferior realization of a few important tasks, namely to the fight for Ukrainian independence in new terms, cherishing and maintainance of national identity, counteraction hostile soviet propaganda. On an example headed Volodymyr Lenikom a magazine «Knowledge» some aspects are exposed him editorial trade.
METHODS OF JOURNALISTIC COMMUNICATION
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lubkovych Igor
Published: March 2021

Journalistic communication is professional, its purpose is to obtain information and share it withthe audience. A journalist communicates when he intends to receive information directly from the interlocutor, from documents that the interlocutor has, or by observing the behavior of the interlocutor during the conversation. The most common method is communication in order to obtain verbal information. In the course of communication, a journalist succeeds when he adheres to politeness, clarity, brevity. It is important that the conditions of communication must be prepared or created: a place of communication, participants of communication, demonstration of listening skills, feedback. You should always try to get documentary evidence of what you have heard. An active reaction to what is heard by the journalist should be used to find out how much the interlocutor understands what is being said. At the beginning of the conversation, when the interlocutor expresses his attitude to the event or problem in question, it should not be interrupted. A journalist, like most people, often makes two mistakes when communicating: perceives as truth what is presented and attributes characteristics. Attribution of the characteristic as a psychological error is known since the beginning of the last century. And the perception of everything as the truth has long been inherent in our society.
Graus-dia para atingir estádios fenológicos de subgrupos de cultivares de arroz irrigado por inundação
Authors: Steinmetz Silvio , Cuadra Santiago Vianna , Almeida Ivan Rodrigues de , Magalhães Júnior Ariano Martins de , Fagundes Paulo Ricardo Reis
Published: March 2021

A pesquisa recomenda que o manejo seja realizado de acordo com os estádios de desenvolvimento da planta (EDP). Por serem influenciados pela temperatura, e especialmente o estádio R1 (diferenciação da panícula), recomenda-se expressar os EDP em dias, porém estimados por meio de graus-dia (GD). O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os graus-dia necessários para atingir seis EDP de sete subgrupos de cultivares de arroz irrigado. Experimentos de campo foram conduzidos na Embrapa Clima Temperado (ETB), município de Capão do Leão, RS, durante 12 safras, utilizando-se seis épocas de semeadura por safra. Dez plantas de cada cultivar foram marcadas e tiveram os EDP determinados durante o ciclo. Os GD (°C dia) foram calculados por meio do somatório da diferença entre a temperatura média diária do ar (Tm) e a temperatura base (Tb=11°C), da emergência até a data de cada estádio. Os resultados indicaram que os GD para atingir o estádio R1 representaram cerca de 48% do ciclo total (R9), na média dos sete subgrupos, variando de 42% para o subgrupo Muito Precoce 1 a 57% para o subgrupo Tardio. Os GD para atingir cada um dos seis EDP, exceto da emergência ao estádio de quatro folhas (E-V4), variam de acordo com o ciclo das cultivares.
Review of “Essays in Keynesian Persuasion” by Maria Cristina Marcuzzo
Authors: Dimand Robert
Published: March 2021

Book Review of “Essays in Keynesian Persuasion” by Maria Cristina Marcuzzo
Review of “F. A. Hayek: Economics, Political Economy and Social Philosophy” by Peter J. Boettke
Authors: Kolev Stefan
Published: March 2021

Book Review of “F. A. Hayek: Economics, Political Economy and Social Philosophy” by Peter J. Boettke
Plant disease severity estimated visually: a century of research, best practices and opportunities for improving methods and practices to maximize accuracy
Authors: Bock Clive H. , Chiang Kuo-Szu , Del Ponte Emerson Medeiros
Published: March 2021

Plant disease quantification, mainly the intensity of disease symptoms on individual units (severity) is the basis for a plethora of research and applied purposes in plant pathology and related disciplines. These include evaluating treatment effect, monitoring epidemics, understanding yield loss, and phenotyping for host resistance. Although sensor technology has been available to measure disease severity using the visible spectrum or other spectral range imaging, it is visual sensing and perception that still dominates, especially in field research. Awareness of the importance of accuracy of visual estimates of severity began in 1892, when Cobb developed a set of diagrams as an aid to guide estimates of rust severity in wheat. Since that time, various approaches, some of them based on principles of psychophysics, have provided a foundation to understand sources of error during the estimation process as well as to develop different disease scales and disease-specific illustrations indicating the diseased area on specimens, similar to that developed by Cobb, and known as standard area diagrams (SADs). Several rater-related (experience, inherent ability, training) and technology-related (instruction, scales and SADs) characteristics have been shown to affect accuracy. This review provides a historical perspective of visual severity assessment, accounting for concepts, tools, changing paradigms, and methods to maximize accuracy of estimates. A list of best operating practices in plant disease quantification and future research on the topic is presented based on the current knowledge.
TugasMembacaKritisJurnal_672020032_BernadusEnggarPrasetya
Authors: Prasetya Bernadus Enggar
Published: March 2021

Ritual Kembang Kuningan merukapan sebuah bentuk penghormatan kepada leluhur. Kepercayaan yang timbul dikalangan masyarakat tradisonal,bahwa berdoa bagi leluhur maka leluhur juga akan mendoakan keturunannya yang masih ada di dunia supaya Tuhan akan mendoakan keturunannya yang masih ada di dunia supaya Tuhan memberikan segala kemurahannya yang masih ada di dunia supaya Tuhan memberikan segala kemurahannya. Dalam tradisi gereja Pentakosta dan Kharismatik, orang yang sudah mengalami kematian, jiwa/rohnya kembali kepada Allah. Acara pemakaman untuk orang sudah mati tidak difokuskan kepada orang yang mati, tetapi kepada keluarga yang di tinggalkan. Fokusnya ditujukan untuk penghiburan dan pengutan iman.
Telaah Matematika Sekolah Lanjutan
Authors: LALO SAIFUL
Published: March 2021

Beberapa sumber dari perangkat pembelajaran di sekolah
Ứng dụng mô hình Logit nhằm nâng cao chất lượng xếp hạng tín dụng doanh nghiệp tại Ngân hàng Quốc tế - Chi nhánh Hoàn Kiếm
Authors: Si Hoan Luong Cu
Published: March 2021

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu của chương này nhằm tiếp cận một số cơ sở lý luận, các yếu tố liên quan và phương pháp tiếp cận lĩnh vực xếp hạng tín dụng nói chung, XHTD doanh nghiệp nói riêng. Từ đó, hình thành cơ sở và phương pháp luận để tiếp tục nghiên cứu trong các chương tiếp theo của đề tài.
Telaah matematika sekolah lanjut II
Authors: Suriyani_Ridwan
Published: March 2021

8Disini kita akan mengetahui apa itu kurikulum, standar proses pembelajaran, untuk apa kita mempelajari matematika serta pembuatan Rancangan pelaksanaan pembelajaran.
Ứng dụng mô hình logistic trong chấm điểm tín dụng và xếp hạng đối với khách hàng doanh nghiệp tại Ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần Sài Gòn Thương Tín chi nhánh Thừa thiên Huế
Authors: Si Hoan Luong Cu
Published: March 2021

Khóa luận tiêu đề Ứng dụng mô hình logistic trong chấm điểm tín dụng và xếp hạng đối với khách hàng doanh nghiệp tại Ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần Sài Gòn Thương Tín chi nhánh Thừa thiên Huế (tháng 5 năm 2015) xuất bản trên Luanvan.co
The Effect of Incorporating Industrial Wastewater on Durability and Long Term Strength of Concrete
Authors: Nasseralshariati Ehsan , Mohammadzadeh Danial , Karballaeezadeh Nader , Mosavi Amir
Published: March 2021

Concrete, as one of the essential construction materials is responsible for a vast amount of emissions. Using recycled materials and gray water can considerably contribute to the sustaina-bility aspect of concrete production. Thus, finding a proper replacement for fresh water, in the production of concrete, is significant. The usage of industrial wastewater, instead of water in the concrete can be considered in this paper. In this study, 450 concrete samples are produced with different amounts of wastewater. The mechanical parameters such as slump, compressive strength, water absorption, tensile strength, electrical resistivity, rapid freezing, half-cell potential, and appearance are investigated. The results showed that the usage of industrial wastewater does not significantly change the main characteristics of concrete. Although, increasing the concentration of the wastewater can decrease durability and strength features nonlinearly.
Ứng dụng mô hình binary logistic vào phân tích rủi ro tín dụng cá nhân không có tài sản đảm bảo tại ngân hàng VPBank
Authors: Si Hoan Luong Cu
Published: March 2021

Ứng dụng mô hình Binary logistic vào phân tích rủi ro tín dụng cá nhân không có tài sản đảm bảo tại ngân hàng VPbank : Luận văn Thạc sĩ / Trang Ngọc Đăng; Nguyễn Văn Hiến hướng dẫn.
Đánh giá khả năng trả nợ và phân loại khách hàng vay tín chấp tại NHTMCP Việt Nam Thịnh Vượng
Authors: Si Hoan Luong Cu
Published: March 2021

Trong các hoạt động kinh doanh của NHTM, hoạt động tín dụng chiếm tỷ trọng lớn nhất và đóng góp phần lớn vào tổng lợi nhuận của ngân hàng. Đồng thời,hoạt động tín dụng cũng là hoạt động tiềm ẩn rất nhiều rủi ro cho ngân hàng khi khách hàng không đủ khả năng hoặc không thực hiện đầy đủ nghĩa vụ trả nợ đối với ngân hàng.
The Effect of Incorporating Industrial Wastewater on Durability and Long Term Strength of Concrete
Authors: Nasseralshariati Ehsan , Mohammadzadeh Danial , Karballaeezadeh Nader , Mosavi Amir
Published: March 2021

Concrete, as one of the essential construction materials, is responsible for a vast amount of emissions. Using recycled materials and gray water can considerably contribute to the sustainability aspect of concrete production. Thus, finding a proper replacement for fresh water, in the production of concrete, is significant. The usage of industrial wastewater, instead of water in the concrete can be considered in this paper. In this study, 450 concrete samples are produced with different amounts of wastewater. The mechanical parameters such as slump, compressive strength, water absorption, tensile strength, electrical resistivity, rapid freezing, half-cell potential, and appearance are investigated. The results showed that the usage of industrial wastewater does not significantly change the main characteristics of concrete. Although, increasing the concentration of the wastewater can decrease durability and strength features nonlinearly.
A New Remote Guided Method for Supervised Web-Based Cognitive Testing to Ensure High Quality Data
Authors: Leong Victoria , Raheel Kausar , Yi Sim Jia , Kacker Kriti , Karlaftis Vasilis M. , Vassiliu Chrysoula , Chen SH Annabel , Robbins Trevor William , Sahakian Barbara J , Kourtzi Zoe
Published: March 2021

Background. The global COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a fundamental reexamination of how human psychological research can be conducted both safely and robustly in a new era of digital working and physical distancing. Online web-based testing has risen to the fore as a promising solution for rapid mass collection of cognitive data without requiring human contact. However, a long-standing debate exists over the data quality and validity of web-based studies. Here, we examine the opportunities and challenges afforded by the societal shift toward web-based testing, highlight an urgent need to establish a standard data quality assurance framework for online studies, and develop and validate a new supervised online testing methodology, remote guided testing (RGT). Methods. A total of 85 healthy young adults were tested on 10 cognitive tasks assessing executive functioning (flexibility, memory and inhibition) and learning. Tasks were administered either face-to-face in the laboratory (N=41) or online using remote guided testing (N=44), delivered using identical web-based platforms (CANTAB, Inquisit and i-ABC). Data quality was assessed using detailed trial-level measures (missed trials, outlying and excluded responses, response times), as well as overall task performance measures. Results. The results indicated that, across all measures of data quality and performance, RGT data was statistically-equivalent to data collected in person in the lab. Moreover, RGT participants out-performed the lab group on measured verbal intelligence, which could reflect test environment differences, including possible effects of mask-wearing on communication. Conclusions. These data suggest that the RGT methodology could help to ameliorate concerns regarding online data quality and - particularly for studies involving high-risk or rare cohorts - offer an alternative for collecting high-quality human cognitive data without requiring in-person physical attendance.
MouseView.js: Reliable and valid attention tracking in web-based experiments using a cursor-directed aperture
Authors: Anwyl-Irvine Alexander Leslie , Armstrong Thomas , Dalmaijer Edwin S.
Published: March 2021

Psychological research is increasingly moving online, where web-based studies allow for data collection at scale. Behavioural researchers are well-supported by existing tools for participant recruitment, and for building and running experiments with decent timing. However, not all techniques are portable to the internet: While eye tracking works in tightly controlled lab conditions, webcam-based eye-tracking suffers from high attrition and poorer quality due to basic limitations like webcam availability, poor image quality, and reflections on glasses and the cornea. Here we present MouseView.js, an alternative to eye tracking that can be employed in web-based research. Inspired by the visual system, MouseView.js blurs the display to mimic peripheral vision, but allows participants to move a sharp aperture that is roughly the size of the fovea. Like eye gaze, the aperture can be directed to fixate on stimuli of interest. We validated MouseView.js in an online replication (N=165) of an established free viewing task (N=83 existing eye-tracking datasets), and in an in-lab direct comparison with eye tracking in the same participants. Mouseview.js proved as reliable as gaze, and produced the same pattern of dwell time results. In addition, dwell time differences from MouseView.js and from eye tracking correlated highly, and related to self-report measures in similar ways. The tool is open-source, implemented in JavaScript, and usable as a standalone library, or within Gorilla, jsPsych, and PsychoJS. In sum, MouseView.js is a freely available instrument for attention-tracking that is both reliable and valid, and that can replace eye tracking in certain web-based psychological experiments.
Statistical Power in Response Signal Paradigm Experiments
Authors: Logacev Pavel , Bozkurt Mehmet Ilteris
Published: March 2021

The speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) method has produced several prominent findings in sentence processing. While a substantial number of SAT studies have yielded statistical null-results regarding the degree to which certain factors influence the speed of sentence processing operations, the statistical power of the SAT paradigm is not known. As a result, it is not entirely clear how to interpret these findings. We addressed this problem by means of a simulation study in which we simulated SAT experiments for a range of known effect sizes in order to determine the statistical power in typical SAT experiments. We found that while SAT experiments appear to have quite satisfactory power to detect differences in asymptotic accuracy, that is not the case for speed-related parameters, especially for the multiple-response variant of the technique. We conclude that the failure to find an effect in speed-related parameters in SAT experiments may be less meaningful than previously thought.
Group idea generation and selection: The originality versus feasibility battle & intragroup competition
Authors: Li Ranran , Baas Matthijs
Published: March 2021

Organizations often try to stimulate creative problem-solving by inducing competition among group members. This facilitative effect of intragroup competition lies in group members’ enhanced motivation to outperform the others. Previous research, however, has mainly focused on idea generation, thereby overlooking the subsequent idea selection stage. In fact, groups are poor at selecting both original and feasible ideas (i.e., creative), which may be further exacerbated when group members compete against each other. Furthermore, while originality and feasibility are two key factors of creativity, people seem to have difficulty taking both into account. The current research investigated how intragroup competition, through incorporating a rewarding scheme, influences group idea generation and selection, and whether explicit instructions of focusing on either originality or feasibility (performance criteria) could steer groups’ focus in the intended direction. An experimental study was conducted with 78 three-person groups. Results showed that overall, neither intragroup competition nor performance criteria influenced groups’ generation and selection performance. Nevertheless, some interesting findings emerged - Originality and feasibility were indeed inversely correlated; idea quality at the generation stage predicted the idea quality at the selection stage; furthermore, certain group processes during the group task might have indirectly linked the competition-selection performance relationship. Study limitations, theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
Multiple positive outcomes of a later school starting time for adolescents.
Authors: de Araújo Laura Bruna Gomes , Bianchin Sandiéli , Pedrazzoli Mario , Louzada Fernando Mazzilli , Beijamini Felipe
Published: March 2021

Background and objectives: Adolescents are chronically sleep-deprived. Early school start time is a major promoting factor of adolescent’s sleep deprivation. We evaluate the effect of delaying the school start time (DSST) by one hour during one week on sleep, sleepiness, cognition, and emotion using withing-subject design.Methods: This interventional study enrolled 48 adolescents. Sleep timing and duration was derived from 18 days of actigraphy recording, before, during and after DSST. Baseline, interventional and post-interventional evaluation of sleep quality, mood, and cognition was performed using standard questionnaires. Repeated measures ANOVA was performed to test variables between the weeks of the study.Results: A total of 38 students (age mean 16±0.81 years old) concluded all study steps. Sleep duration increased during the intervention week (A=7:03±0:41; B=7:35±0:48; C=6:46±0:48; p<.01), due the delaying waking up time (A=6:54±0:12; B=7:42±0:30; C=6:46±0:15; p<.01) and no changes in bedtime (A=23:18±0:42; B=23:29±0:36; C=23:28±0:41; p=0.27). DSST also reduced somnolence measured by two independent questionnaires (KSS p<0.01; ESS p<0.01) and improved several aspects of mood measured by POMS and HADS Depression subscale (p=0.004). Improvements in the N-Back test were found, but no effects on free-recall were obtained.Conclusions: Adolescents slept longer during DSST and did not change sleep onset. Starting school later was effective in improving multiple aspects from sleep patterns, subjective sleepiness, emotion and cognition. We add compelling evidence to the beneficial effects of DSST and this practice must be considered by the educational sector.
Does Sharia Act as both a Mediator and Moderator in Salafi Radicalism?
Authors: Muthuswamy Moorthy
Published: March 2021

Salafi (Islamist) extremism, embraced by organizations such as the Islamic State, is a global religion-invoking phenomenon whose primary cause is not clearly elucidated in the literature. Unlike most existing models or explanations of terrorism that attempt to explain stages or factors associated with the radicalization of individuals, this study aims to identify the dominant causal pathway behind the onset of Salafi extremism. The independent, dependent, and the variable associated with the causal pathway invoked here are public support levels for religious leaders as religious judges, the radical agenda they espouse, and the idea of Sharia as the law of the land, respectively. A linear regression analysis of the observational data from 20 nations reveals that the Sharia platform acts as both a causal mediator and moderator vis-à-vis the independent and dependent variables. This study suggests that the use of Kosovo as the control minimizes or eliminates confounding bias, and the high magnitude of computed coefficients of determination minimizes contribution of any omitted variable. Thus, the preliminary conclusion is that the belief in Sharia as the law of the land, as advocated by religious leaders, provides the basis for radicalization and the emergence of Salafi jihadist groups.
Age of a Victim as Crime’s Feature in Roman Law
Authors: Kosior Wojciech J.
Published: March 2021

The conducted research revealed that the matter of age in the sources of Roman law appeared several times in a combination with the victim and was the feature of some delicts and crimes. The article demonstrates that in Roman law, in cases of unlawful acts, not only was the perpetrator’s age important, but also sometimes the age of the victim depended on the perpetrator’s liability. In modern law, we can also find the provisions in which the perpetrator’s liability depends on the age of the victim. For example, Article 200 § 1 of the Polish Penal Code can be listed here. The aim of the presented article is to describe unlawful acts (mostly crimes) occurring in Roman law, in which the perpetrator’s liability depended on the age of the victim. So far, the above-mentioned thematic hasn’t been described in the literature of the subject, because when the matter of age in this context was analyzed, the most attention was focused on the age of the perpetrator and his ability to bear liability. The result of the research was to discover and elaborate Roman law sources where in fact the perpetrator’s liability depended on the age of the victim. Selected examples are presented in the text.
Non enim crimen dicitur, quod mortis adegit impulsus – notes on the CTh. 15.14.14.
Authors: Leraczyk Izabela
Published: March 2021

The article analyses the constitution issued by Emperor Honorius in the year 416, concerning the perpetrators of offences qualified as crimen as the exemption from criminal liability, in a situation when such actions were undertaken during the barbaric invasions, escape from such invasions or the rule of the usurpers. The act governs that an action perpetrated for fear of one’s life cannot be seen as crime. The article analyses specific terms used in the above-mentioned legal act, especially in the context of the contemporary legal terminology of the epoch. Moreover, it presents the historical backdrop behind the issuing of the constitution, together with other regulations regarding collaboration with the enemy, both volitional and under coercion.
Christian Influence on the Roman Calendar. Comments in the Margins of C. Th. 9.35.4 = C. 3.12.5 (a. 380)1/ Wpływ chrześciaństwa na kalendarz rzymski. Uwagi na marginesie C. Th. 9.35.4 = C. 3.12.5 (a. 380)
Authors: Wiewiorowski Jacek
Published: March 2021

The text analyses Christianisation of the Roman calendar in the light or the Roman imperial constitutions in the 4th century. The author first of all underlines that only humans recognise religious feasts despite that human perception of time is not that remote from the apperception of time in the case of other animals and that the belief in the supernatural/religion and rituals belong to human universals, the roots of which, together with the judiciary, are to be sought in the evolutionary past of the genus Homo. Furthermore, the author deduces that the first direct Christian influence on the Roman official calendar was probably C. Th. 9,35,4 = C. 3,12,5 (a. 380), prohibiting all investigation of criminal cases by means of torture during the forty days which anticipate the Paschal season, contesting the opinion that dies solis were regarded as dies dominicus (Christian Sunday) already in C. Th. 2,8,1 and C. 3,12,2 (a. 321). Finally, on the margin of the Polish debate concerning the limitation of legal trade during Sundays, when Constantinian roots of dies dominicus were quoted frequently and with great conviction, the limitations of politics of memory are underlined.
Specyfika pracy na globalnych platformach internetowych w świetle zarządzania algorytmicznego
Authors: Nowik Paweł
Published: March 2021

Od kilku lat globalne platformy internetowe są przestrzenią dla nowych form świadczenia pracy. Niektóre z nich swoją ofertę kierują na lokalny rynek pracy, inne działają w sposób globalny. Cechą, która wyróżnia tę formę świadczenia pracy od tych tradycyjnych, jest tzw. zarządzanie algorytmiczne. Polega ono na tym, że specjalnie zaprojektowany algorytm przydziela, optymalizuje i ocenia sposób wykonania zindywidualizowanych zadań poprzez konkretnych wyko­nawców usług. Zarządzenie algorytmiczne w środowisku pracy jest dziedziną wiedzy, o której, mimo gwałtownego wzrostu technologicznego, nadal niewiele wiemy. Konsekwencją daleko posuniętej integracji człowieka ze sztuczną inteli­gencją, w ramach zarządzania algorytmicznego, jest szereg problemów natury prawnej i etycznej. Jeden z nich to pytanie o to, czy tego typu format świadcze­nia usług powinien być objęty regulacjami ochronnymi, wypracowanymi przez dziesiątki lat na gruncie prawa pracy. Zakładając odpowiedź pozytywną, należy zapytać, jakie są cechy zarządzania algorytmicznego rozpatrywanego w świetle całości procesu zatrudnienia na platformie internetowej.
Legalność i sprawność kontroli działalności gospodarczej w świetle ustawy z dnia 6 marca 2018 r. – Prawo przedsiębiorców
Authors: Żywicka Agnieszka
Published: March 2021

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są zasady kontroli działalności gospodar­czej wyrażone w ustawie z dnia 6 marca 2018 r. – Prawo przedsiębiorców na tle poprzednio obowiązującej ustawy z dnia 2 lipca 2004 r. o swobodzie działal­ności gospodarczej. Autorka porównuje zasady normujące kontrolę działalności gospodarczej przedsiębiorcy na gruncie poprzedniej i aktualnej ustawy. Rozwa­żania ogniskują się przede wszystkim wokół zasad legalności i sprawności kon­troli, stanowiących dla organów punkt wyjścia do prowadzenia kontroli. Celem opracowania jest analiza zmian w zakresie przestrzegania w postępowaniu kon­trolnym zasady legalizmu ze względu na zmianę granic prawa dla prowadzenia postępowania kontrolnego, które wprowadzono ustawą Prawo przedsiębiorców. Jako metodę badawczą zastosowano w artykule metodę formalno-dogmatyczną i prawno-porównawczą.
Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z 20 grudnia 2018 r., II OSK 249/17, LEX nr 2616392
Authors: Zwolak Sławomir
Published: March 2021

Glosa do wyroku NSA z dnia 20 grudnia 2018 r. (II OSK 249/17) dotyczy kwestii ustalenia właściwego podmiotu zobligowanego do sporządzenia i przed­stawienia projektu budowlanego zamiennego w celu doprowadzenia robót do stanu zgodnego z prawem. Zdaniem NSA właściwe organy administracji pub­licznej mają obowiązek obciążenia obowiązkiem wykonania określonych czyn­ności tylko w stosunku do aktualnego właściciela nieruchomości, posiadające­go tytuł prawny do dysponowania nieruchomością, na której posadowiony jest obiekt budowlany.
Procesowe problemy stosowania regulacji Systemu Teleinformatycznego Izby Rozliczeniowej – glosa do wyroku WSA w Warszawie z dnia 20 września 2018 r. (III SA /Wa 2057/18)
Authors: Majka Paweł
Published: March 2021

Glosowany wyrok WSA w Warszawie z dnia 20 września 2018 r. (III SA/Wa 2057/18) jest pierwszym dotyczącym problematyki regulacji Systemu Teleinformatycznego Izby Rozliczeniowej, który zapadł w związku z przedłużeniem przez szefa KAS stosowania blokady rachunku bankowego podatnika. W wyroku tym zawarto kontrowersyjne tezy dotyczące wykluczenia w toku postępowań zarówno o zastosowanie blokady, jak i jej przedłużenia przepisów procesowych zawartych w dziale IV Ordynacji podatkowej w zakresie prowadzonego postępowania dowodowego oraz czynnego udziału strony. Autor opracowania nie zgadza się z powyższymi tezami i wykazuje, że charakter blokady rachunku bankowego jako sankcji stosowanej wobec podatników wymaga, by zagwarantować uprawnienia procesowe strony co najmniej w stopniu, w jakim przewidziane zostały w jurysdykcyjnym postępowaniu podatkowym. W szczególności w tym zakresie ochronę praw podatnika gwarantują zasady prowadzenia postępowania podatkowego.
Znaczenie filozoficzno-personalistycznej refleksji na temat ciała dla teologii
Authors: Granados José
Published: March 2021

The article explores how Personalist Philosophy can be helpful for Theology by focusing on the concrete topic of the body. The renewed philosophical interest in the body is important for Christian Theology inasmuch as the latter is centered on the concreteness of the Incarnation. The article follows Gabriel Marcel’s approach as a guideline to review the understanding of the body proper to Personalism. In this approach, the body is seen as the person’s relational presence in the world and among others and as the openness of the person towards transcendence. The richness of this approach is explored in three important areas of dogmatic theology: Christology, Sacramentology, and the Theology of Creation. The article exemplifies the circularity between Philosophy and Theology in the concrete topic of the body.
"Gnoseological Concupiscence" and the Lines of Division in Post-Conciliar Theology
Authors: Rowland Tracey
Published: March 2021

This article is a summary of the arguments contained in the author’s book Catholic Theology. It highlights the fault-lines between four of the most significant approaches to theology in the Post-Conciliar era. The author classifies these four approaches as: (1) Thomist theology, (2) Communio-style theology, (3) Concilium-style theology and (4) liberation theology.
Fede e sacramenti. L'insegnamento della Tradizione
Authors: Dolhai Lajos
Published: March 2021

Ci sono tanti fenomeni negativi nella vita sacramentale che ci mostrano una relazione disturbata tra la fede vissuta e i sacramenti. Da una parte vediamo una crescente diminuzione della frequenza ai sacramenti nel mondo occidentale. D’altra parte la pratica sacramentale nel mondo occidentale spesso non è una consapevole espressione di fede. Vediamo tanti difetti dal punto di vista di fides qua ed anche da quello di fides quae. Il chiarimento della relazione fede/sacramenti è diventato una questione improrogabile. Noi dobbiamo trattare il tema nel contesto attuale della Chiesa, ma alla luce della tradizione della Chiesa. Prima di tutto è molto utile di analizzare le opere dei padri (cfr. I, II, III. capitoli). I Padri sono testimoni della fede dei primi secoli vitalmente inseriti nella tradizione che deriva dagli Apostoli. Essi infatti hanno congiunto sacra scrittura, teologia, liturgia, vita spirituale e pastorale in una unità vitale per cui le loro opere ci aiutano anche per la Chiesa del terzo millenio. La pristina Sanctorum Patrum norma (cfr. SC 50) è da ritenersi la norma e la regola ispiratrice anche per la Chiesa di oggi. Anche la sintesi scolatistica (Tommaso d’Aquino) ci aiuta per dare una risposta alla nostra domanda principale. Nella spiegazione di S. Tommaso vediamo come punto di partenza una tesi chiara: “La Chiesa è fondata sulla fede e sui sacramenti”, e qualifica espressamente i sacramenti come sacramenta fidei. Dobbiamo conoscere anche la Riforma e l’insegnamento del concilio di Trento. Vedremo che l’analisi storica del rapporto tra fede e sacramenti ci aiuta la risposta a proposito del problema della Chiesa nei nostri giorni. Come conclusione finale vale la pena di analizzare il Sacrosanctum concilium n. 59.
La crisis de la “relación” en el matrimonio y la familia, y la respuesta de la Iglesia a través de la iniciación cristiana para adultos
Authors: Vargas Armando Medina
Published: March 2021

Todas las criaturas han sido creadas por Dios para vivir en relación entre ellas mismas, y también entre ellas mismas y su Creador. Ninguna criatura ha sido creada para vivir en soledad. La relación es una expresión de amor. Dios es amor, y este amor se expresa en la permanente relación que tiene con las otras Personas de la Trinidad, y también con toda la creación. Por lo tanto, el hombre, creado a imagen y semejanza de Dios, está llamado a vivir en una relación con su Creador, así como con las otras criaturas que lo rodean. Las corrientes posmodernas, contrarias a la familia, reducen el matrimonio a solo un contrato sin ninguna dimensión estable y duradera. El Papa Francisco declaró que hay una especie de guerra mundial con el propósito de destruir el matrimonio. Las consecuencias de esta “guerra” no solo recaen en los cónyuges, sino también en los hijos, y en última instancia, en Dios mismo, porque ella destruye el diseño que Él había pensado para la familia. La relación que Dios, a través de nuestro Señor Jesucristo, ha querido manifestar a la humanidad, encuentra su más alta realización en el “amor al enemigo”. Esta es la belleza de la relación del amor Cristiano, del hombre nuevo, del matrimonio y la familia, según el diseño original de Dios.
W poszukiwaniu specyfiki myśli maryjnej św. Atanazego Wielkiego
Authors: Kaczmarek Piotr
Published: March 2021

Artykuł stawia sobie za cel przyjrzenie się działalności pisarskiej św. Atanazego Wielkiego, biskupa Aleksandrii (296–373). Analiza dzieł św. Atanazego Wielkiego jest próbą wydobycia specyfiki jego myśli maryjnej. Ten słynny ojciec Kościoła, pamiętający jeszcze krwawe prześladowania chrześcijan, jako biskup musiał bronić doktryny chrześcijańskiej przez cały okres swojej posługi. Działał on w czasie, gdy niejaki Ariusz propagował teorię, zgodnie z którą Chrystus jest bytowo podporządkowany Bogu Ojcu. Święty Atanazy, zwalczając tę herezję, okazał się wielkim propagatorem Soboru Efeskiego i jego dogmatycznych orzeczeń. Autor nie koncentruje się na analizie tekstów źródłowych św. Atanazego, ale stara się ukazać cały kontekst i tło działalności biskupa Aleksandrii. W swojej mariologii św. Atanazy bronił prawdy o wcieleniu, które potwierdza prawdziwe bóstwo i prawdziwe człowieczeństwo Chrystusa. Wspominał także o Matce Bożej (Theotókos) i wychwalał dziewictwo Maryi. Podsumowując, możemy powiedzieć, że mariologii św. Atanazego należy szukać w jego chrystologii, ponieważ jest to główny przedmiot jego nauczania.
Quaerite faciem eius semper. La “cristología espiritual” de Joseph Ratzinger
Authors: Sarto Pablo Blanco
Published: March 2021

Ratzinger propone una “cristología espiritual”, en la que se unan ontología y soteriología, teología de la cruz y de la encarnación, cristología, pneumatología y eclesiología. Para esto se requiere superar la fractura entre entre el Jesús histórico y el Cristo de la fe, y defender el homousios y la divinidad de Jesucristo definidos en Nicea y III Constantinopla. De igual manera recuerda Ratzinger la centralidad de la figura salvífica de Cristo, en la que no solo hay que recordar su divinidad, sino su carácter único de mediador en la salvación. No es un avatar más de la divinidad, sino el Hijo de Dios, hecho hombre “por nosotros” y “para nuestra salvación”. Jesús de Nazaret tendrá una “singularidad y unicidad irrepetible”. Solo Él puede ser el mediador y redentor. La búsqueda del rostro de Cristo culminará en la última obra teológica del actual papa emérito.
The Symbol of Faith in Theology and in Preaching
Authors: Królikowski Janusz
Published: March 2021

The life of the Church from the very beginning is connected with searching for Her own identity which has its expression in the forming of the profession of faith. The testimonies of this fact can be found already in the Old Testament, which is shown in multifarious doctrinal formulas which are handed over by the apostolic proclamation which is based on them. In a relatively short time these formulas were gathered as a whole, first in the profession of faith used during the right of Baptism and later, especially in a profession of faith which is called the Apostles’ Creed. It has preserved its significance and superior role in theology and preaching to this day although in reality its role has been diminished especially in preaching. This paper recommends the return to the Apostles’ Creed and to its inspiring role. The most important thing is to present its doctrinal message which highlights the need for the holistic, Trinitarian and Christological perspective in reference to theological issues. Today, the Apostles’ Creed can play the same role in the organisation of Church proclamation, which admiring the so called original kerygma falls into short-sighted interpretations and restrictions, resulting in the weakening of Christian identity.
John Henry Newman’s Selected Themes from the Theology of the Church
Authors: Beyga Paweł
Published: March 2021

John Henry Newman is one of the most famous person on the Catholic and Anglican Church. In his works he was writing on the both theological position. In the article author showed selected aspects of John Henry Newman’s theology of the Church, so-calledecclesiology. For understanding Newman’s theological position very important are his personal history in the Church of England, situation in the Catholic Church and two dogmas proclaimed during the life of this new Catholic saint. In the last part of the article theecclesiology of John Henry Newman is rereading in the light of modern problems in the Catholic and Anglican theology.
O rozstrzygalności teologii
Authors: Olszewski Adam
Published: March 2021

W pracy przedstawiono syntetyczne, a nie analityczne, ujęcie tytułowego zagadnienia. Od strony metodologicznej jest próbą aplikacji pojęć logicznych jak konsekwencja, dowód, rozstrzygalność do teologii jako całości. W pierwszej części (do pkt 3.1) rozważa się teologię jako teorię logiczną i wskazuje na wady takiego ujęcia, w tym na niemożliwość sensownego rozważania rozstrzygalności tak rozumianej teologii. W drugiej części zostało osłabione logiczne pojęcie rozstrzygalności oraz zawężone pojęcie teologii, dla którego osłabiona rozstrzygalność daje się zastosować. W rozważaniach postawiono mnóstwo problemów dotyczących teologii, które chyba teologowie powinni rozwiązać. Praca jest dość kontrowersyjna dla obu stron, czyli teologów i logików. Aby ułatwić teologom lekturę pracy, dodano słowniczek luźno sformułowanych określeń terminów logicznych.
Optymizm antropologiczny w świetle nauki o grzechu pierworodnym
Authors: Przyślak Przemysław
Published: March 2021

Grzech pierworodny zniszczył naturę ludzką. Człowiek odkupiony przez Chrystusa ponosi ciągle konsekwencje tego zepsucia. Obserwując jednak współczesne społeczeństwo, można jednak odnieść wrażenie, że wielu myślicieli i naukowców zdaje się nie pojmować, czym w istocie są konsekwencje grzechu pierworodnego, przez co popadają w zbytni optymizm. Optymizm ten został nazwany przez autora optymizmem antropologicznym. Prezentując trzy przejawy tegoż optymizmu, autor szukał odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy nauka o grzechu pierworodnym wpływa jakoś na pojmowanie go i czy może ona pomóc ten optymizm ocenić. Stosując dostępne sobie metody, autor doszedł do wniosku, że prezentowany przez niego nurt myślowy stoi w sprzeczności z nauką o grzechu pierworodnym, co stanowi o jego fałszywości. Wynika stąd, że praktyczne zaaplikowanie optymizmu antropologicznego może prowadzić do poniżenia godności osoby ludzkiej, niezrównoważonego rozwoju człowieka, ustanawiania praw niezgodnych z właściwą godnością człowieka. Autor zauważa ostatecznie, że obecna sytuacja społeczna, wynikająca w dużej mierze z praktycznego wykorzystania idei optymizmu antropologicznego, wymaga ciągłego pogłębiania i odważnego przeciwstawiania się jej.
Akty homoseksualne w ocenie pisarzy wczesnochrześcijańskich
Authors: Czyżewski Bogdan Stanisław
Published: March 2021

Pisarze wczesnochrześcijańscy, oprócz poruszania problemów natury doktrynalnej i egze­getycznej, wypowiadali się także na tematy etyczne, a wśród nich dokonywali oceny aktów homoseksu­alnych. Nie poświęcili im osobnych dzieł, raczej były to głosy okazjonalne, co nie oznacza, że w Kościele pierwszych wieków problem ten nie istniał i go bagatelizowano. Najczęściej ocena aktów homoseksu­alnych pojawiała się w literaturze patrystycznej w związku z komentowaniem tekstów biblijnych, w któ­rych tego rodzaju zachowania były wspominane, i zawsze była zdecydowanie negatywna. Temat ten występuje także w regułach zakonnych, w których jednoznacznie homoseksualizm był potępiany. W ar­tykule zostaną zanalizowane teksty wybranych pisarzy Kościoła wschodniego i zachodniego, w których dokonują oni oceny moralnej aktów homoseksualnych.
Литературно-критические взгляды Н. Ульянова.
Authors:   Afred Nobel University, Нефагина Г.Л.
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена литературно-критическим взглядам представителя второй волны русской эмиграции Н. Ульянова. Среди генерации эмигрантских писателей, которая получила советское образование и впитала советский образ мышления, Ульянов был явлением исключительным, обладавшим энциклопедическими знаниями русской и зарубежной культуры, а главное – свободой мысли. Его работы, опубликованные в сборниках «Скрип- ты», «Диптих», «Спуск флага», позволяют понять историю и особенности формирования литературы второй волны эмиграции, специфику жанра исторического романа, кризисные явления в культуре ХХ в.