bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation Counselor Preparation to Work With LGBTQ Persons Living With Chronic Illness/Disability: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Dispenza Franco , Elston Nikki C. , Huffstead Mary E. , Suttles Mackenzie G. , Golubovic Nedeljko
Published: March 2017

Purpose:To identify meaningful educative experiences that contributed to the development of rehabilitation counselors’ abilities to provide effective rehabilitation counseling services to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) persons living with chronic illness/disabilities (CID).

Method:This was a secondary analysis of a larger qualitative data set that examined the educational experiences and practices of 12 certified rehabilitation counselors working with LGBTQ persons.

Results:Using a qualitative content analysis methodology, 5 categories were identified: (a) formal didactic education, (b) affirmative supervision and consultation during practica/internship, (c) extracurricular-related training, (d) identification, and (e) family of origin.

Conclusion:To help facilitate future counselors’ self-perceived abilities to provide effective services to LGBTQ persons living with CID, rehabilitation counselor educators should place more emphasis on LGBTQ-related issues in their curriculum and provide practical (experiential) learning opportunities for their students.
As dimensões históricas da urbanidade e suas implicações na vida noturna do Recife, 1970-1990
Authors: Milfont Magna Barros , Monteiro Circe Maria Gama , Bezerra David Ricardo Colaço
Published: March 2017

A urbanidade é uma noção histórica construída ao longo do tempo e das reconfigurações das cidades, fundamentada, desde os gregos, no comportamento humano. Assim, há um processo histórico de transformação da urbanidade que se manifesta nas dimensões política, socioeconômica e territorial da sociedade ocidental, todas perpassadas pelas práticas culturais das pessoas. Essa dinâmica histórica da urbanidade pode ser observada na mudança da vida noturna do Recife, resultante do processo de urbanização acelerada no Brasil de 1970. Nesse contexto, iniciam-se os projetos turísticos de âmbito nacional por meio da implantação dos polos culturais nas cidades.  Durante as décadas de 1980 e 1990, a incidência da violência urbana culminou em novas práticas culturais relacionadas ao lazer, modificando a urbanidade.
Blog Versão Paulo: a prospecção do passado como maneira de pensar o presente e o futuro da cidade
Authors: Janovitch Paula Ester
Published: March 2017

A partir da apresentação de alguns posts  do blog Versão Paulo que abordam a relação da cidade no final do século XIX com o desequilíbrio ambiental e a maneira como a sociedade passa a se relacionar com as escalas de tempo e espaço, gostaria de discutir as possibilidades da história, através de sua abordagem do passado, pensar problemas ambientais que perpassam a vida urbana até os dias de hoje.
Más que un experto. El rol de Jorge Enrique Hardoy en el desarrollo de la disciplina urbana en América Latina
Authors: Monti Alejandra Ines
Published: March 2017

Jorge Enrique Hardoy se constituye como una figura clave para comprender los procesos de transformación de la disciplina urbana en la Argentina y a escala regional entre los años 1962 y 1976. Es en su carácter de experto, pero sobre todo en su rol de promotor académico que introdujo nuevas ideas y modelos que reafirman su lugar central como transformador de una disciplina renovada bajo los preceptos de la planificación como motor para el cambio y la superación de la condición de “atraso” relativo en el proceso de modernización de los países latinoamericanos.
México-DF y las redes de la investigación urbana en América Latina (1973 – 1982)
Authors: Jajamovich Guillermo
Published: March 2017

Este trabajo interroga el devenir de la investigación urbana en América Latina entre 1973 y 1982. Así, analiza cómo y porqué en determinados contextos ciertas ciudades concentran un creciente número de investigadores e instituciones especializadas en asuntos urbanos y regionales. Apoyados en el análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias y en la realización de entrevistas a informantes clave, se postula que desde 1973 y progresivamente, el Distrito Federal de México cobra mayor centralidad entre las redes de la investigación urbana en América Latina. Para entender esa creciente centralidad, se reconstruyen procesos desplegados en diversas geografías y temporalidades y se enfatiza la relevancia de abordar relaciones entre investigadores urbanos e instituciones así como aspectos políticos y económicos más amplios.
Estado e planejamento na América Latina: origens do desenvolvimentismo no Brasil
Authors: Ferrari Camila , Negrelos Eulalia Portela
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho propõe um debate sobre a urbanização e as práticas urbanísticas no Brasil entre 1930 e 1945 compreendendo que o “desenvolvimentismo”, ligado na América Latina aos processos de industrialização baseada na intervenção estatal e na ideia de um projeto de nação, ao qual se vinculou a formulação da “cidade latino-americana” após 1945, teria origens no Brasil em 1930. A visão da cidade como alavanca para o desenvolvimento das sociedades latino-americanas estava em grande medida já proposta ou em maturação no Brasil desde 1930 quando a aposta estatal no desenvolvimento, com forte componente nacionalista, levou à conformação de um ambiente propício ao planejamento urbano de cunho modernizante, resultante do amálgama das visões de vanguarda do plano político e do plano técnico.
Ciudad latinoamericana: teorías, actores y conflictos.
Authors: Jajamovich Guillermo , Cortés Alexis , Arango López Diego
Published: March 2017

Trata-se da introdução ao dossiê.
Narrativas de aulas de matemática: reificações de comunidades de prática
Authors: Silva Lilian Aragão da , Prado Airam da Silva , Barbosa Jonei Cerqueira
Published: March 2017

Este artigo tem o propósito de analisar formas de desenvolver aulas de matemática (processo) e formas de escrever (produto) esboçadas em narrativas de aulas. Para isso, utilizar-se-á a perspectiva da aprendizagem situada, a fim de promover uma descrição teórica para ilustrar como as narrativas, produzidas por professores de matemática que fazem parte do Observatório da Educação Matemática (OEM-Bahia), se constituem como produtos/processos da conexão entre as práticas sociais de que esses professores participam. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam que as narrativas podem ser compreendidas teoricamente como (re)reificações de uma comunidade interconectada com outra comunidade (ou outras comunidades) a partir do objeto de fronteira (a tarefa) e do broker (o professor).
QUANTIFICAÇÃO DA ÁREA QUEIMADA NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS NO PERÍODO DE 2003 A 2011 UTILIZANDO IMAGENS DO SATÉLITE TM/LANDSAT-5
Authors: Sousa Ingridy Mikaelly Pereira , Giongo Marcos
Published: March 2017

aumento da temperatura, diminuição das chuvas, empobrecimento do solo, além de aumentar os riscos de doenças respiratórias. O estado do Tocantins possui características favoráveis para o desenvolvimento de atividades econômicas como a agricultura e pecuária, atrelada a essas atividades está à utilização do fogo para o manejo de áreas de pastagens, atividades agrícolas, entres outros, principalmente em propriedades pequenas. A utilização de dados orbitais representa uma eficiente ferramenta na detecção de áreas queimadas, nesse contexto o presente trabalho utilizou imagens do satélite TM/Landsat-5 para quantificação de áreas queimadas no estado do Tocantins no período de 2003 a 2011. A metodologia aplicada consistiu no processamento de imagens de satélite identificando visualmente as cicatrizes de queimadas nas imagens orbitais. Como resultado tem-se os picos de queimadas em 2007 e 2010 com 5.177.770 e 7.225.070 ha respectivamente, posteriormente, comparando esses dados com o número de focos de calor, confirma-se os maiores registros em 2010 seguido do ano de 2007.

Palavras-chave: Cerrado. Cicatrizes de queimadas. Dados Orbitais.
Seudoquiste hemorrágico crónico (infrecuente en eventroplastia)
Authors: Cano Carlos A. , Contreras Marcelo , Gutierres Nancy , Yarade María E. , Roldán Aldo G.
Published: March 2017

Introducción: El seudoquiste hemorrágico crónico puede presentarse después de la resecciónde grandes seudosacos eventrógenos. Su aparición es infrecuente.Caso clínico: Paciente que tras una cirugía con prótesis por un defecto en puerta de entradadespués de una colecistectomía laparoscópica consulta en el posoperatorio alejado por unatumoración sospechosa de recidiva herniaria. La ecografía y la tomografía axial computari-zada confirman el diagnóstico de seudoquiste hemorrágico crónico.Conclusiones: La disección de un gran saco eventrógeno rara vez presenta como complicaciónun seudoquiste hemorrágico crónico. La punción evacuadora es contemporizadora.
Acute and Rapid Development of Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma Associated with Combined Aspirin-Dipyridamole Therapy
Authors: Yamaguchi Kent , Mathew Justin , Lhi James M. , Park Don Young
Published: March 2017

Case:

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is a known, although rare, clinical entity that may be challenging to diagnose. This case report describes the rapid development of a large SSEH in an elderly patient on aspirin-dipyridamole combination therapy after she shifted her position in bed. Magnetic resonance imaging obtained 4 hours after the onset of symptoms demonstrated a large spinal epidural hematoma that extended from T4 to L1.

Conclusion:

With early diagnosis, the patient was successfully treated with a laminectomy and evacuation of the hematoma, and there was full neurological recovery.
Postoperative Hyperglycemia Can Be Safely and Effectively Controlled in Both Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with Use of a Subcutaneous Insulin Protocol
Authors: Gallagher John M. , Erich Roger A. , Gattermeyer Rita , Beam Kaitlyn K.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Postoperative hyperglycemia related to stress has been shown to be an independent risk factor for periprosthetic joint infection. In a non-intensive care, general-surgery setting, a standardized postoperative insulin protocol has been shown to decrease the rate of wound infections. We hypothesized that the use of a similar protocol is both safe and effective for controlling hyperglycemia in patients who have undergone total joint replacement.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of 489 consecutive patients who underwent primary or revision total hip or knee arthroplasty between January 2008 and April 2013. All patients were tested with point-of-care (finger-stick) glucose determinations postoperatively and were started on a subcutaneous insulin protocol if they had postoperative stress hyperglycemia of >140 mg/dL when fasting or >180 mg/dL after meals. Insulin was discontinued when blood glucose decreased to <100 mg/dL.

Results:

Of the 489 patients, 301 (62%) qualified for the insulin protocol. Thirty-seven (17%) of the 220 patients for whom the hemoglobin A1c level was available were diabetic, and 21 (11%) of the 187 patients for whom body mass index data were available were morbidly obese (body mass index, ≥40 kg/m2). Diabetes (p < 0.001), revision surgery (p < 0.001), male sex (p = 0.0110), and obesity (including morbid obesity) (p = 0.0051) were independent factors resulting in significant glycemic elevation. A trend toward hyperglycemia occurred in younger patients but did not reach significance (p = 0.063). The glucose levels of patients in all of these groups responded well to insulin. None of the patients who were managed with the insulin experienced a periprosthetic joint infection. There were no injuries related to hypoglycemia.

Conclusions:

The findings of the present study suggest that hyperglycemia is a common link between seemingly disparate factors related to the increased prevalence of periprosthetic joint infection. The standardized subcutaneous insulin protocol was both safe and effective for the treatment of hyperglycemia for nondiabetic as well as diabetic patients. Patients who have undergone total joint replacement, especially those with revision procedures, male sex, morbid obesity, and diabetes, should be evaluated for hyperglycemia starting in the post-anesthesia care unit and should be managed with the insulin protocol when that risk is identified.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Yields of Annual and Perennial Energy Crops in a 12‐year Field Trial
Authors: Xu J. , Gauder M. , Gruber S. , Claupein W.
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

A long‐term field trial of important perennial and annual energy crops was conducted.

Maize is most high yielding of biomass with high N inputs.

Miscanthus is most high yielding of biomass without or with moderate N inputs.

In crop rotations, no‐till practice with less input does not reduce the productivity.

Nitrogen input is more important in annuals than perennials to maintain the yield level.

To find an energy cropping system with low input and high productivity, a 12‐yr field trial was conducted in Southwest Germany with perennial crops, and monocropping or rotation of annual crops. The perennials were willow (Salix schwerinii E. Wolf × viminalis L.) short rotation coppice, miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). The monocropped annual was maize (Zea mays L.), and the rotation was oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–triticale (Triticale × triticosecale Wittmack). The rotation was split into tillage with moldboard plow or no‐till. These systems were implemented with three N fertilization levels. Annual yield trend in years, accumulated yields of biomass, and gross energy were compared across N levels between perennials and annuals, and between tillage managements. Among these cropping systems, maize (18.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and miscanthus (18.3 Mg ha−1 yr−1) were most productive. Without N fertilization, miscanthus was most productive (13.6 Mg ha−1 yr−1). In the long run, N fertilization significantly increased the yields of all systems. The long‐term yield trends of the perennials were relatively stable, while the annuals without N fertilization showed a prevailing trend of yield decrease. No‐till did not significantly lower the yield compared to plowing (8.7 vs. 9.3 Mg ha−1 yr−1). Generally, the perennial systems produced higher gross energy yield compared to the annual systems under comparable N fertilizations. Particularly miscanthus gained high yields even with moderate to no N inputs.
Topsoil Thickness and Harvest Management Influence Switchgrass Production and Profitability
Authors: Yost Matt A. , Kitchen Newell R. , Sudduth Kenneth A. , Thompson Allen L. , Allphin Eric
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

Topsoil thickness, or depth to claypan, mainly affected the biomass harvest of the integrated system.

The integrated system had greater weed cover, less yield, more N, P, and K removal, and less profit than the biomass only system.

The only advantage of the integrated system was enhanced yield resiliency in an extreme drought year.

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is an attractive dual use forage and/or biomass crop option for eroded soils where corn (Zea mays L.) grain production is often not profitable. Topsoil thickness, especially on soils with a claypan, relates directly to crop productivity and nutrient removal, but knowledge is lacking on how it impacts switchgrass grown for summer forage and advanced biofuels. Therefore, a study was conducted near Columbia, MO, to determine how topsoil thickness, or depth to claypan (DTC) affects the production and profitability of integrated (forage and biomass) and biomass only switchgrass. Switchgrass was planted in 2009 on a range of DTC classified as exposed (<8 cm), shallow (8–15 cm), moderate (16–30 cm), or deep (>30 cm), and was annually harvested twice (pre‐anthesis and postdormancy) in the integrated system or once (postdormancy) in the biomass only system during 2011 to 2015. Results indicated that DTC mainly affected the second harvest of the integrated system; biomass yield increased 74% and nutrient removal by 50 to 102% from exposed to deep soil across years. Across DTC and years, the integrated system had more severe weed cover (46 vs. 6%), less yield (9.8 vs. 13.5 Mg ha−1), more N, P, and K removal (79 to 206%), and less profit (US$–155 vs. $137 ha−1 or $80 vs. $220 ha−1 without nutrient replacement costs) than the biomass only system. Therefore, improvements are needed before integrated systems are profitable, and biomass only systems may offer greater longevity, productivity, and profitability.
Impact of Potassium and Nitrogen Fertilization on Bahiagrass Herbage Accumulation and Nutrient Concentration
Authors: Yarborough J. K. , Vendramini J. M. B. , Silveira M. L. , Sollenberger L. E. , Leon R. G. , Sanchez J. M. D. , Leite de Oliveira F. C. , Kuhawara F. A. , Gomes V. , Cecato U. , Filho C. V. Soares
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

Bahiagrass pastures on soils with low K concentration may not respond to K fertilization.

Tissue K concentration in bahiagrass is variable and dependent on fertilization levels.

Bahiagrass tissue K concentration of 17 g kg−1 was related to the greatest herbage accumulation in plants receiving greater levels of fertilization.

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) is the most utilized forage for beef cattle (Bos spp.) in Florida, but there is concern that bahiagrass pastures are declining due to insufficient K fertilization. Two studies determined the effects of K and N fertilization on bahiagrass herbage mass (HM) and nutritive value in field plots (Exp. 1), and greenhouse (Exp. 2). At two locations from May to December 2014 and 2015, Exp. 1 evaluated the combinations of three N fertilization levels (0, 50 kg N ha−1 in May, or 50 kg N ha−1 in May and August) and two levels of K fertilization (0 or 42 kg K ha−1). Potassium fertilization did not affect HM, crude protein (CP), or in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM); however, tissue K concentration increased from 10.6 to 11.2 g kg−1 with increasing K fertilization. Plots fertilized with N had greater HM than the control, but there was no difference between plots fertilized in May only vs. those fertilized in May and August. Experiment 2 was conducted in a greenhouse in 2014 and 2015 with a factorial combination of three levels of N fertilization (0, 50, and 100 kg N ha−1) and four levels of K fertilization (0, 16, 33, and 66 kg K ha−1). There was a quadratic relationship between tissue K concentration and herbage accumulation (HA) and maximum HA occurred with tissue K concentration of 17 g kg−1. Bahiagrass tissue K concentration and response to K fertilization are variable and can be related to fertilization levels.
Herbicide Programs for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.) Control in Nebraska
Authors: Reicher Zachary , Sousek Matt , Giese Matt
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

Research done on annual bluegrass (ABG) control in other areas of the US are likely applicable to Nebraska. However, extreme weather can dramatically affect short‐term annual bluegrass cover and emphasize the need for long‐term control studies.

Three fall POST applications of mesotrione plus prodiamine applied preemergence in August and/or November were effective for ABG control in Kentucky bluegrass fairways. Replacing mesotrione with ethofumesate was also effective when combined with prodiamine in August and November.

June applications of bispyribac‐sodium at 4 oz/ac was highly effective for controlling ABG in creeping bentgrass fairways, and adding two more fall applications at the same rate improved control slightly, but there was no benefit to raising the rate to 6 oz/ac.

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) (ABG) is common in golf courses, and its control has been thoroughly researched in cool‐season turf east of the Mississippi River in the United States. However, ABG response to herbicides varies widely among environments and/or biotypes, and little ABG control research has been done in the northern Great Plains. Therefore, our objective was to validate ABG herbicide control systems in golf course fairways of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (KBG) or creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) (CBG) in Nebraska. Preemergence (PRE) treatments of prodiamine or mesotrione were applied in late summer over 3 yr with or without fall postemergence (POST) treatments of mesotrione or ethofumesate for ABG control in a low‐mow KBG fairway. We also evaluated rate and frequency of bispyribac‐sodium applications with or without a late summer–applied PRE (dithiopyr) in early September for ABG control over 3 yr in a CBG fairway. Our research indicates that ABG control work done in other areas are likely applicable to Nebraska. Three fall POST applications of mesotrione plus prodiamine applied as a PRE in August and/or November was effective for ABG control in KBG fairways. Replacing mesotrione with ethofumesate was also effective when combined with prodiamine in August and November. June applications of bispyribac‐sodium at 4 oz/ac were highly effective for controlling ABG in CBG fairways, and adding two more fall applications at the same rate improved control slightly, but there was no benefit to raising the rate to 6 oz/ac. Lastly, extreme weather in one summer and one winter dramatically affected short‐term ABG cover and emphasized the need for long‐term control studies in areas with dramatic weather cycles.
Performance of Heifers Grazing Bermudagrass Pastures Strip or Solid Seeded with Clovers
Authors: Beck Paul A. , Stewart C. Brandon , Jennings John A. , Singh Devesh , Sims M. B.
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

Strip‐seeding of clovers into bermudagrass swards resulted in similar clover stand percentage compared with solid planting of clovers.

Heifers grazing pastures that were strip seeded performed similarly to heifers grazing clovers that were seeded in solid stands.

Red clovers persisted longer into the summer than either white or subterranean clovers.

Red clover provided greater animal performance than white and subterranean clovers.

Even though clovers can provide improved forage quality and reduced N fertilization when grazing stocker calves on warm‐season grass pastures, stand establishment remains a concern. The objective of this research was to determine if alternative methods of seeding legumes into warm‐season perennial swards could improve legume establishment. This research took place on 18, four‐acre mixed bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.], crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris(Retz.) Koeler], and dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatumPoir.) pastures at the University of Arkansas Southwest Research and Extension Center Stocker Unit. Pastures were seeded in October of 2013 to white (Trifolium repensL.), red (Trifolium pratenseL.), or subterranean (Trifolium subterraneumL.) clovers either in solid stands at the recommended rate (2.0, 8.0, and 11 lb/acre, respectively) or in four 0.25‐acre strips at twice the recommended seeding rate in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with three pasture replications per treatment combination. Growing heifers (n= 216; 614 ± 44.4 lb) grazed pastures from May to September 2014 and April to September 2015. Red clover was present later into the summer than white or subterranean clovers, but there were no differences due to seeding method. At the end of the grazing season, heifer bodyweight and gain was greater when grazing red clover than when grazing subterranean clover. Strip‐seeded clovers in only 50% of the pasture area provided similar stands to conventional solid seeding and equivalent animal performance. Red clover grew later into the summer grazing season and provided greater animal performance than white and subterranean clovers.
Grain Sorghum Water Use Efficiency and Yield Are Impacted by Tillage Management Systems, Stubble Height, and Crop Rotation
Authors: Darapuneni Murali K. , Angadi Sangamesh V. , Begna Sultan , Lauriault Leonard M. , Umesh M.R. , Kirksey Rex , Marsalis Mark
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

Tillage, stubble management, and crop rotation are important management decisions for maximizing productivity and profitability in semi‐arid environments.

Under poor rainfall distribution conditions of sandy loam, most positive effects of tillage‐stubble management were partially moderated by a significant rotation × tillage‐stubble interaction.

Under above‐average rainfall conditions of clay loam, yield characteristics were influenced by neither rotation nor tillage‐stubble management.

Conservation tillage combined with stubble management resulted in greater WUE than conventional tillage with no residue management at one out of two locations.

Successful crop production in semiarid environments of the Southern High Plains depends on critical management practices such as tillage, stubble management, and crop rotation that maximize the use efficiency of limited resources. An experiment was conducted at two locations in 2010, after the first year of rainfed crop rotation (continuous grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] or cowpea [Vigna unquiculata (L.) Walp.]–sorghum), tillage (conventional, strip‐till, or no‐till) and stubble height (short and tall in strip‐ or no‐till) had been imposed, to evaluate the effects of these management factors on early growth, yield characteristics, and water use efficiency of grain sorghum. Based on the results, the influence of tillage‐stubble management on yield and water use characteristics varied with soil type and seasonal rainfall pattern. Under poor rainfall distribution conditions of Tucumcari sandy loam, the most positive effects of tillage‐stubble management were partially moderated by a significant rotation × tillage‐stubble interaction. Under above‐average rainfall conditions at the Clovis site, which has clay loam soils, yield characteristics were influenced by neither rotation nor tillage‐stubble management. However, at Clovis, conservation tillage (no‐till and strip‐till) in combination with stubble management (short and tall) resulted in greater WUE than conventional tillage with no residue management (P < 0.05). A long‐term study is needed to make recommendations on the adoption of suitable conservation tillage and stubble management strategies in this region; however, the results of this work are encouraging and indicate potential benefits of conservation tillage and stubble management in semiarid environments.
Study of an evaluation method for water resources carrying capacity based on the projection pursuit technique
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Liu Yunfeng , Li Lingjun , Gao Hongxia
Published: March 2017

It is of great significance to establish a scientific and reasonable water resources carrying capacity evaluation system and evaluation method on the basis of studying the interdependence and mutual relations of water resources, society, economy and the ecological environment. This can guide water resources utilization and economic and social development planning, and promote the sustainable development of water resources and the socio-economic system. Projection pursuit technology can achieve automatic index selection and index weight confirmation. When used to assess water resources carrying capacity, the subjectivity and uncertainty of index weights can be avoided. Meanwhile, it can also be used to optimize the index system, and can improve the accuracy of evaluation results and discrimination. In this paper, the projection pursuit grade model of water resources carrying capacity is established. The evaluation criteria are determined by combining the theory with practice. Grades I to IV indicate that the water resources capacity declines gradually. This is the first study of water resources carrying capacity in four municipalities in China. The results show that the water resources carrying capacity of the four municipalities in 2012 belong to the third level, Chongqing is close to the second level and Tianjin is close to the fourth level.
Assessment of the technological reliability of a hybrid constructed wetland for wastewater treatment in a mountain eco-tourist farm in Poland
Authors: Jucherski Andrzej , Nastawny Maria , Walczowski Andrzej , Jóźwiakowski Krzysztof , Gajewska Magdalena
Published: March 2017

The aim of the present study was to assess the technological reliability of a domestic hybrid wastewater treatment installation consisting of a classic three-chambered (volume 6 m3) septic tank, a vertical flow trickling bed filled with granules of a calcinated clay material (KERAMZYT), a special wetland bed constructed on a slope, and a permeable pond used as a receiver. The test treatment plant was located at a mountain eco-tourist farm on the periphery of the spa municipality of Krynica-Zdrój, Poland. The plant's operational reliability in reducing the concentration of organic matter, measured as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), was 100% when modelled by both the Weibull and the lognormal distributions. The respective reliability values for total nitrogen removal were 76.8% and 77.0%, total suspended solids – 99.5% and 92.6%, and PO4-P – 98.2% and 95.2%, with the differences being negligible. The installation was characterized by a very high level of technological reliability when compared with other solutions of this type. The Weibull method employed for statistical evaluation of technological reliability can also be used for comparison purposes. From the ecological perspective, the facility presented in the study has proven to be an effective tool for protecting local aquifer areas.
Recuperación etnobotánica del uso tradicional no maderable del bosque secundario en el municipio de Nocaima, Cundinamarca
Authors: Briceño Fonseca Luisa María , Mahecha Garzón Aida Gisela , Triana Gómez Max Alejandro
Published: March 2017

El uso tradicional no maderable del bosque secundario es importante para el bienestar rural y el manejo sostenible del recurso forestal, sin embargo se ha ido perdiendo. Con la recuperación etnobotánica del uso tradicional no maderable del bosque secundario en el municipio de Nocaima, se buscó identificar los puntos estratégicos relacionados con la presencia de bosque y sabedores locales, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, diálogos y recorridos guiados. La información se capturó por medio de grabaciones orales, fotografías y muestras botánicas identificadas en el herbario forestal UDBC. Se encontraron 161 especies pertenecientes a 68 familias, 126 de ellas nativas y 4 endémicas. El cálculo de los índices de importancia cultural, nivel de uso significativo, factor de consenso y nivel de fidelidad, priorizaron 15 especies nativas para sistemas agroecológicos. Los porcentajes de uso tradicional no maderable encontrados para 10 categorías determinadas fueron: medicinal (57.8%), alimenticia (28.6%), ornamental (23.6%), cultural (12.4%), mágico – religiosa (8.7%), cosmética (8.1%), artesanal (6.2%), forrajera (3.1%), tintes (4.3%) y protectora (4.3%). En algunas categorías se encontraron nuevos reportes de uso. Por otra parte, la población entrevistada manifestó que un 86.9% transmite el conocimiento sobre el uso a otras personas, mientras que un 89.1 % lo usa en su núcleo familiar; sin embargo el 65.2% consideró que el conocimiento se perderá con el tiempo. Se concluyó que las categorías medicinal y alimenticia sobresalen entre los usos tradicionales no maderables del bosque secundario y se evidenció la importancia de estos usos en el núcleo familiar, aspecto que favorecerá la preservación y el uso sostenible de los bosques secundarios.
Structural Changes in Cooked Rice Treated with Cooling-Reheating Process and Coconut Milk Addition as Observed With FT-IR and 13C NMR
Authors: Anugrahati Nuri Arum , Pranoto Yudi , Marsono Yustinus , Marseno Djagal Wiseso
Published: March 2017

The molecular structural changes of food could be observed by the technique of FT-IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. This research was aimed to study the structural changes in cooked rice treated with cooling-reheating process and coconut milk addition using FT-IR and 13C NMR. It was found that the cooling-reheating process and addition of coconut milk cause several structural changes of cooked rice. The IR analysis showed the bands at 3,400, 2,900, 1,018 and 856 cm-1 changed due to the retrogradation during cooling process. The spectrum of 13C NMR showed the change of peaks at 100.28 and 100.10 ppm. These changes may be related to the addition of coconut milk during rice cooking.
Pemurnian Parsial dan Karakterisasi Enzim Xilanase dari Bakteri Laut Bacillus safencis strain LBF P20 Asal Pulau Pari Jakarta
Authors: Fitria Fitria , Rahmani Nanik , Pujiyanto Sri , Raharjo Budi , Yopi Yopi
Published: March 2017

Enzyme xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) is widely used in various industrial  fields for the hydrolysis of xylan (hemicellulose) into xylooligosaccharide and xylose. The aims of this study were to  conduct partial purification and characterization of xylanase from marine Bacillus safencis strain LBF P20 and to obtain the  xylooligosaccharide types from xylan hydrolysis by this enzyme.  Based on this research, the optimum time for enzyme production  occurred at 96 hours with the enzyme activity of 6.275 U/mL and  enzyme specific activity of 5.093 U/mg. The specific activities were  obtained from precipitation by amicon® ultra-15 centrifugal filter devices, gel filtration chromatography and anion exchange chromatography that were increased by 15.07, 34.7, and 96.0  U/mg. The results showed that the highest activity at pH 7, temperature of 60 °C, and stable at 4 °C. Type of  xylooligosaccharide produced by this study were xylohexoses, xylotriose, and xylobiose. SDS-PAGE analysis and zimogram  showed that the molecular weight of xylanase protein were about  25 kDa. ABSTRAKEnzim xilanase (EC 3.2.1.8) digunakan dalam hidrolisis xilan  (hemiselulosa) menjadi xilooligosakarida dan xilosa. Penelitian  ini bertujuan untuk melakukan purifikasi parsial dan karakterisasi xilanase dari bakteri laut Bacillus safencis strain LBF P20 serta uji  hidrolisis untuk mengetahui jenis xilooligosakarida yang  dihasilkan oleh enzim tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, waktu optimum untuk produksi enzim terjadi pada jam ke 96  dengan aktivitas enzim sebesar 6,275 U/mL dan aktivitas spesifik enzim sebesar 5,093 (U/mg). Aktivitas spesifik enzim hasil  pemekatan dengan amicon® ultra-15 centrifugal filter devices,  kromatografi filtrasi gel dan kromatografi penukar anion  mengalami peningkatan berturut-turut sebesar 15,1; 34,7 dan96,0 U/mg. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan aktivitas  tertinggi pada pH 7, suhu 60 °C dan stabil pada suhu 4 °C. Analisis SDS-PAGE dan zimogram menunjukkan berat molekul protein xilanase berkisar 25 kDa. Jenis gula reduksi yang  dihasilkan yaitu xiloheksosa, xilotriosa, dan xilobiosa.
Pengurangan Kadar Digliserida dan Asam Lemak Bebas dalam Minyak Sawit Kasar Menggunakan Adsorben
Authors: Bariyah Khoerul , Andarwulan Nuri , Hariyadi Purwiyatno
Published: March 2017

Indonesia is the world’s largest crude palm oil (CPO) producer and consumer in 2014. Components that affect the quality of CPO are diglycerides (DAGs) and free fatty acids (FFA). DAGs in palm oil are known as the precursor of 3-MCPD esters, while higher content of FFA could influence the oil stability. The contact of CPO with adsorbent could affect the present of DAG and FFA in CPO. The purpose of this study was to determine the best type of adsorbent in reducing DAGs and FFA in CPO with emphasis on the characteristics of the adsorbent and adsorbate. This study was carried out by using three different types of CPO quality and six different types of adsorbent (carbon active, MgO, Magnesol R-60, and 3 types of bleaching earth). The contact process of CPO with different adsorbents were carried out at a temperature of 50-60 °C (without vacuum) for adsorbents selection and 90 °C (under vacuum) for 30 minutes at a dose of adsorbent 1 and 3 %. The contact process of different adsorbents with CPO have not been able to reduce both DAGs and FFA significantly at the non vacuum condition in three differents CPO sample. The combination of MgO and bleaching earth type 1 could reduce FFA up to 70 % reaching the content of 14 % at vacuum conditions, but did not reduce DAGs of CPO. Different CPO quality and adsorbent characteristics will affect the reduction process of FFA and DAGs. ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara produsen sekaligus konsumen minyak sawit kasar (Crude Palm Oil/CPO) terbesar di dunia pada tahun 2014. Salah satu komponen yang mempengaruhi kualitas CPO adalah digliserida (DAG) dan asam lemak bebas (ALB). DAG dalam minyak sawit adalah prekursor pembentuk senyawa karsinogen 3-MCPD ester, sedangkan ALB yang tinggi dapat mempengaruhi stabilitas minyak. Proses kontak adsorben ke dalam CPO akan mempengaruhi keberadaan kedua komponen tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan jenis adsorben yang paling baik dalam mengadsorp digliserida dan asam lemak bebas dalam CPO dengan menitikberatkan pada karakteristik adsorben dan adsorbat. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 3 jenis CPO (nilai ALB: 4, 6, dan 14) dan 6 jenis adsorben (arang aktif, MgO, Magnesol R-60, dan 3 jenis bleaching earth). Proses kontak dilakukan pada suhu 50 – 60 °C (tanpa vakum) untuk seleksi adsorben dan 90 °C (dengan vakum) selama 30 menit dengan dosis adsorben 1 dan 3 %. Proses kontak adsorben pada CPO dengan kondisi adsorpsi tanpa vakum belum dapat menurunkan DAG dan ALB secara signifikan terhadap ketiga jenis CPO. Kombinasi antara adsorben bleaching earth tipe 1 dan MgO dapat menurunkan ALB hingga 70 % pada CPO dengan ALB 14 % pada kondisi vakum, tetapi tidak dapat menurunkan DAG. Karakterisitik CPO dan adsorben mempengaruhi proses reduksi ALB dan DAG.
Dilema Multilingualisme Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Perencanaan Bahasa
Authors: Sudrama Ketut , Putra Yadnya Ida Bagus
Published: March 2017

Kebhinekaan bahasa daerah yang dimiliki dan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa nasional, serta penguasaan bahasa asing terutama bahasa Inggris menguatkan status masyarakat Indonesia menjadi masyarakat multilingual. Kehadiran beragam bahasa (asing, Indonesia dan daerah) mengindikasikan adanya interaksi antar bahasa yang muncul di permukaan sebagai (1) situasi yang saling mempengaruhi, (2) poliglot, dan (3) konflik atau persaingan bahasa.Situasi kebahasaan seperti ini tentu saja kalau  tidak dicermati dan diantisipasi bisa membawa disharmoni sosial yang sangat tidak menguntungkan bagi kelangsungan hidup bahasa terutama bahasa-bahasa daerah sehingga memerlukan perencanaan bahasa yang tepat dan fleksibel.
[M<->N] Sebagai Afiks Derivasional Dan Infleksional Dalam Bahasa Sasak Dialek Kuto-Kute
Authors: Sukri Muhammad
Published: March 2017

Bahasa Sasak Dialek Kuto-Kute (henceforth: BSDK) diangkat sebagai fokus kajian dalam artikel singkat ini karena keunikan yang dimiliki secara morfosintaksis. Salah satu keunikan tersebut adalah perubahan bentuk dasar suatu kata yang bisa terjadi dengan atau tanpa pelekatan afiks tertentu pada kata dasarnya. Bahasa tertentu hanya dapat mengalaminya dengan proses afiksasi, sementara sebagian bahasa yang lain hanya memungkinkan melalui derivasi zero, sedangkan bahasa sasak dialek Kuto-Kute, dimungkinkan melalui keduanya. Keunikan selanjutnya yang dimiliki oleh bahasa sasak dialek BSDK terletak pada afiks [M«N-] yang mampu berfungsi sebagai afiks derivasional dan infleksional. Kemampuannya sebagai afiks derivasional dibuktikan melalui fungsi derivatif {mәN-} ketika melekat dengan BD nomina dan mengubahnya menjadi verba, {mәN-} yang melekat pada verba dan mengubahnya menjadi nomina, serta {mәN-}yang melekat pada adjektiva dan mengubahnya menjadi verba. Adapun {mәN-}berfungsi inflektif ketika dilekatkan dengan BD yang berkategori verba.
Diplomasi Bahasa Menjembatani Keragaman Bahasa Daerah Dan Pengutamaan Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Masreng Robert
Published: March 2017

Makalah ini membahas tentang diplomasi bahasa yang dalam tulisan ini, istilah tersebut merujuk pada suatu cara, suatu strategi,  suatu kiat, atau suatu taktik atau suatu kebijkan yang dirancang secara sitematis dan terstruktur untuk mengembangkan dan membina bahasa (Indonesia) baik secara internal maupun eksternal. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa diplomasi bahasa mampu dijabarkan dalam tiga poin berikut yang terbukti sangat efektif untuk mempertahankan dan melestarikan bahasa daerah dalam rangka memperkaya keragaman bahasa nasional. Ketiga hal dimaksud adalah (1) pemodelan solusi konflik komunitas atau multibahasa, (2) penyebaran bahasa negara dan peningkatan fungsi bahasa Indonesia menjadi bahasa internasional, khususnya pada forum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB), menguatkan identitas ke-Indonesia-an melalui penyebaran bahasa Indonesia dan (3) peningkatan kompetensi berbahasa asing strategis dan penerjemah.
Compound Words In Dawan Language
Authors: Budiarta I Wayan
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out the structure of compound words and the types of compound words in Dawan language. This study belongs to qualitative research as it aimed to describe qualitatively the structure and the types of compound words in Dawan language. The data are taken from language consultants (informants) of Dawan language speaker. In collecting the data, the researcher prepares questionnaire and applied interview method. The result of analysis showed that compound words in Dawan language are structured by combining two different words whether the words in the same category or different category. The structure of compound words are built by combining  noun (N) with noun (N), for instance mais-oni ‘sugar’ which is built by the noun mais ‘salt’ and the noun oni ‘sweet’; noun (N) with verb (V), for instnace  bife-anaot ‘prostitute’ which is built by the noun bife ‘woman’ and the verb anaot ‘work’; verb (V) with noun (N), for instance poni-haano  ‘propose’ which is built by  the verb poni ‘hang’ and the noun hauno ‘leaf’;  verb (V) with verb (V), for instance fua-tulu  ‘worship’ which is built by  the verb fua ‘see’ and the verb tulu ‘give’; and noun (N) with adjective (Adj), for instance ume-kbubu ‘kitchen’ which is built by the noun ume ‘house’ and the adjective kbubu ‘circle’. Further analysis on the compound words showed that they can also be classified into noun head word, verb head word, and adjective head word. Keywords: compound words, noun head word, verb head word, adjective head word.
Foreign Language Acquisition Of Souvenir Seller In Bawomataluo Village
Authors: Dakhi Saniago
Published: March 2017

This research is carried by focusing on the description of the kinds and process of lexical items acquired by souvenir seller in Bawomataluo. To obtain the whole accurate data of these research questions, two instrument of data collection, interview and observation, were used. The result of data analysis are the eight English part of speech are acquired. It is discovered that lexical items acquired are dominated by noun. Verb and adjective posites at the next level of the amount of lexicals acquired. Adverb, conjunction, pronoun are less acquired. Interjection is more easily acquired by souvenir sellers. The processes involved to acquire the lexical consist of four are social, memory, compensation, and affective process. Key Word                 :    Foreign language acquisition, souvenir seller
Techniques Of Translating English Figurative Expressions In ‘Colours’ Magazine By Garuda Indonesia Into Indonesian
Authors: Sumartini Ni Luh Putu Unix
Published: March 2017

The article is aimed to find out the Techniques of Translating English Figurative Expression in ‘Colours’ Magazine by Garuda Indonesia into Indonesian. There are three problems are discussed in this study, namely (1) types of figurative expressions found in the English version of ‘Colours’ magazine and their translation’s equivalence into Indonesian and (2) kinds of translation techniques applied in translating the English figurative expression into Indonesian, This research belongs to qualitative research and the data used in this study were taken from the ‘Colours’ magazine by Garuda Indonesia. The main theory which is applied in this study is taken from the theory of Molina & Albir (2002) in their book entitled Translation Techniques Revisited; A Dynamic and Functionalist Approach. Another theory applied is taken from the theory of McArthur (1992) in his book entitled The Oxford Companion on The English Language. Other supporting theories which are used to support this study are the theory of Larson (1998) in her book entitled Meaning-Based Translation and some other books considered relevant to the topic. The result showed that there are eleven kinds of English figurative expressions found in the data. They are antithesis, euphemism, hyperbole, idioms, irony, metaphor, metonimy, personification, pleonasm, simile and synecdoche. In translating techniques, the translator applied ten translating techniques, they are; adaptation, borrowing, compensation, description, established equivalent, linguistic comprehension, literal technique, modulation, reduction and transposition. In translating a figurative expression from SL into TL, some of the results showed that an English figurative expression is translated into Indonesian figurative translation but some of them can not maintain its figurativeness in Indonesian, therefore the English figurative expression is translated into Indonesian non-figuratively. Keywords: Techniques of Translating, English Figurative Expression, Colours Magazin
Category Of Complement And Semantic Role Of Single Argument In Balinese Syntactic Constructions
Authors: Kardana I Nyoman , Wrihatnala I Made Beni , Sri Satyawati Made
Published: March 2017

This study aims to analyze and describe the word category of complement and semantic roles of single argument found in syntactic constructions with complement in Balinese language. Data of this study was collected from Balinese speaking informants living in the city of Denpasar, Bali. The data was supported by those obtained from Balinese story books. The data was collected by observation method completed with recording and note taking techniques. The collected data was analyzed based on theory of semantic role proposed by Van Valin and LaPolla, 1997 and by I Saeed, 1997. The result shows that complement in Balinese can be filled in by noun, adjective, numeral, and verb. The verb predicate of constructions with complement are mostly intransitive verb with ma- but in few data of intransitive verb with N- are also found. Then, the semantic roles of single argument in constructions with complement are agent, experiencer, patient, and recipient. Key words: complement, semantic role, argument, intransitive, transitive.
Research in Brief Public Alerting in Canada: Renewing the Emergency Broadcasting System
Authors: Gow Gordon A.
Published: March 2017

In February 2007, the CRTC released a set of decisions that constitute part of an emerging policy framework for a national all hazards, all media public alerting system in Canada. This most recent development can be seen as part of a wider effort on the part of the federal government and others to establish a next-generation emergency broadcasting system under the CANALERT initiative. For its part, the CRTC has had to negotiate the imperatives of competition policy as well as those of its role as guardian of the public good. Despite making some progress, the recent regulatory decisions represent a narrow intervention strategy that will not resolve many of the uncertainties that have delayed progress in this area. Further policy research is needed to contribute to a more extensive policy framework for public alerting in Canada.