bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Printing of Porous Ceramics for Enhanced Thermal Insulation Properties
Authors: Lin He , Shen Qintao , Ma Ming , Ji Renquan , Guo Huijun , Qi Huan , Xing Wang , Tang Huiping
Published: December 2024

Porous thermal insulating ceramics play a pivotal role in both industrial processes and daily life by offering effective insulation solutions that reduce energy consumption, enhance building comfort, and contribute to the sustainability of industrial production. This review offers a comprehensive examination of porous thermal insulating ceramics produced by 3D printing, providing an in‐depth analysis of various 3D printing techniques and materials used to produce porous ceramics, detailing the fabrication processes, advantages, and limitations of these methods. Recent advances in 3D printed porous thermal insulating ceramics are thoroughly examined, with a particular focus on pore structure design and optimization strategies for high‐performance thermal insulation. This review also addresses the challenges and barriers to widespread adoption while highlighting future research directions and emerging trends poised to drive innovation. By showcasing the transformative potential of 3D printing in revolutionizing traditional porous ceramics manufacturing methods and enhancing thermal insulation performance, this review underscores the critical role of 3D printed porous ceramics in advancing thermal insulation technology.
Nanoenzymes‐Integrated and Microenvironment Self‐Adaptive Hydrogel for the Healing of Burn Injury and Post‐Burn Depression
Authors: Zhao Weitao , Chen Xi , Han Ziwei , Xun Zengyu , Qi Yilin , Wang Heping , Chen Chang , Gong Zhongying , Xue Xue
Published: December 2024

Burn injuries often cause prolonged oxidative stress and inflammatory pain due to an initial increase in inflammatory responses, consequently exacerbating depressive disorders and severely impairing patients’ quality of life. The primary function of traditional burn dressings is to prevent infection and facilitate tissue repair. However, these dressings are not intended for the inflammatory pain and depression that often occur during recovery. This study describes a self‐healing hydrogel H@EFCP, which is designed to alleviate inflammatory pain and post‐burn depression in burn injuries. This hydrogel is synthesized through the cross‐linking of carboxymethyl chitosan with borate ester chelates formed from epigallocatechin gallate and 4‐formylphenylboronic acid. The incorporated Prussian blue nanoparticles increase the ability of H@EFCP to regulate the inflammatory process. H@EFCP is effective in the treatment of skin burns by reducing oxidative stress and improving the microenvironment of peripheral inflammation in mice. This modulation consists of a reduction of central nervous system inflammation and the risk of post‐burn depression. Behavioral assays indicate that the hydrogel significantly reduces feelings of despair and anxiety after burns. Consequently, H@EFCP provides a dual‐effect solution for the care and recovery of burn patients, including both burn repair and the associated psychological effects.
Berberine Derivative B68 Promotes Tumor Immune Clearance by Dual‐Targeting BMI1 for Senescence Induction and CSN5 for PD‐L1 Degradation
Authors: Hu Hongmei , Wang Qun , Yu Dianping , Tao Xiaoyu , Guo Mengmeng , Tian Saisai , Zhang Qing , Xu Mengting , Geng Xiangxin , Zhang Hongwei , Xu Hanchi , Li Linyang , Xie Shize , Chen Kaixian , Zhu Weiliang , Li Xu‐Wen , Xu Hanchen , Li Bo , Zhang Weidong , Liu Sanhong
Published: December 2024

Promoting tumor cell senescence arrests the cell cycle of tumor cells and activates the immune system to eliminate these senescent cells, thereby suppressing tumor growth. Nevertheless, PD‐L1 positive senescent tumor cells resist immune clearance and possess the ability to secret various cytokines and inflammatory factors that stimulate the growth of tumor cells. Consequently, drugs capable of both triggering senescence in tumor cells and concurrently diminishing the expression of PD‐L1 to counteract immune evasion are urgently needed. Here, a berberine derivative B68 is developed, which specifically induces tumor cell senescence by targeting BMI1. B68 also involves the degradation of PD‐L1 by targeting CSN5, thereby disrupting the immunosuppressive PD‐1/PD‐L1 interaction and enabling rapid clearance of senescent tumor cells. This approach simultaneously inhibits tumor progression and activates T cell immunity, as evidenced by the robust antitumor response following B68‐induced immunization of senescent cancer cells. Moreover, the synergistic effect of B68 with anti‐CTLA4 therapy further enhances antitumor immunity, and its ability to induce senescence in cancer cells triggers a strong protective response by dendritic and CD8+ T cells. These findings provide a scientific basis for developing a new tumor treatment strategy based on senescence induction and lay the foundation for further preclinical research.
Hyper‐Thick Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Enabled by Micro‐Electric‐Field Process
Authors: Plateau Tazdik Patwary , Boyer Gracie , Park Jonghyun
Published: December 2024

Increasing electrode thickness is a key strategy to boost energy density in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), which is essential for electric vehicles and energy storage applications. However, thick electrodes face significant challenges, including poor ion transport, long diffusion paths, and mechanical instability, all of which degrade battery performance. To overcome these barriers, a novel micro‐electric‐field (μ‐EF) process is introduced that enhances particle alignment during fabrication with reduced distance between anode and cathode. This process produces hyper‐thick (≈700 µm) electrodes with low tortuosity and improved ion diffusion. The μ‐EF electrodes achieve high areal capacities (≈8 mAh cm−2), while maintaining power density and long cycle life. The electrodes show stable performance under high C‐rate cycling and retain structural integrity after 1000 cycles at 2 C. By offering a scalable solution to the challenges of thick electrode fabrication, the μ‐EF process represents a significant advancement for high‐capacity LIBs in electric vehicles and energy storage systems.
Photoswitchable Topological Regulation of Covalent Macrocycles, Molecular Recognition, and Interlocked Structures
Authors: Lu Hanwei , Ye Hebo , Xin Jiafan , You Lei
Published: December 2024

Macrocycles represent one important class of functional molecules, and dynamic macrocycles with the potential of cleavability, adaptability, and topological conversion are challenging. Herein we report photoswitchable allosteric and topological control of dynamic covalent macrocycles and further the use in guest binding and mechanically interlocked molecules. The manipulation of competing ring‐chain equilibria and bond formation/scission within reaction systems enabled light‐induced structural regulation over dithioacetal and thioacetal dynamic bonds, accordingly realizing bidirectional switching between crown ether‐like covalent macrocycles and their linear counterparts. The on‐demand photoswitchable topological transformation of macrocycles further allowed guest recognition/release exhibiting controllable binding affinity and selectivity. To showcase the capability light‐triggered assembly/disassembly of diverse mechanically interlocked structures, such as rotaxanes and catenanes, was achieved. The realization of photoswitchable topological conversion of covalent macrocycles, which has been rarely reported before, demonstrates the potential of light‐triggered reactivity control and structural reconfiguration for enhanced complexity and sophisticated function. The strategies and results should be appealing to endeavors in molecular recognition, dynamic assemblies, molecular machines, and intelligent materials.
A Conformal Transmissive Metasurface with Dual‐Band Dual‐Circularly Polarized Conversion and Low Scattering
Authors: Li Zhihao , Li Sijia , He Chengyuan , Wu Yuhao , Hu Liqiu , Zhang Zhiyun , Li Tong , Yang Huanhuan
Published: December 2024

Generally, the existing metasurfaces are periodically or non‐periodically planar micro‐structures, which hardly satisfy the practical applications such as stealth aircraft, carrier and so on. In order to meet the application, a conformal transmissive metasurface are proposed with multi‐function of converting linear polarization into dual‐circular polarization in dual‐band and low scattering for incidences. The metasurface composed of a non‐metallic dielectric material of polyvinyl chloride and the ultra‐thin conventional material to achieve a flexible configuration. The mechanism is illustrated by the characteristic parameters, electric field distributions, and equivalent circuit. The simulated results demonstrate that the metasurface can transform y‐polarized waves into right‐handed circularly polarized waves in 6.8–10.3 GHz and to left‐handed circularly polarized waves in 18.77–21.15 GHz, while vice versa for x‐polarized waves. Additionally, the conformal metasurface shows an excellent scattering section reduction in operational frequency and that above 10 dB can be realized as the frequency increases. A conformal metasurface sample is fabricated by the printed circuit board (PCB) and 3D printing technology, which is measured in a microwave anechoic chamber that conforms to the simulated results. The conformal transmission metasurface holds significant promise for applications in radomes and electromagnetic shielding.
A micro‐geoarchaeological investigation of a cultivation pit (maite) on Teti'aroa atoll, Central‐East Polynesia
Authors: Scorsini Elisa , Denham Tim , Dotte‐Sarout Emilie , Devos Yannick , Vrydaghs Luc , Molle Guillaume
Published: December 2024

Cultivation pits represented the principal form of horticultural features developed by past atoll communities in Central‐East Polynesia (CEP), and they are still utilised on some atolls in Oceania. The majority of information about the use of cultivation pits in CEP derives from ethnographic and preliminary archaeological investigations. The lack of excavations with rigorous stratigraphic sampling and analyses has constrained the recovery of environmental information associated with these agro‐technical features. Using a combination of geoarchaeological techniques, including field observations, physico‐chemical analyses and soil micromorphology, this study focuses on sedimentary deposits from a cultivation pit (MAITE‐01) on Teti'aroa atoll, in the Society Islands. We demonstrate how micro‐geoarchaeological investigations can advance research and offer new interpretations to study past human interactions within environments long considered “lost causes” to detailed archaeostratigraphic interpretation. High‐resolution geoarchaeological techniques reveal details about pit construction and provide indirect evidence of the integration of human‐animal interaction into the horticultural system.
Magnetohydrodynamic Peristaltic Propulsion of Casson Nanofluids With Slip Effects Over Heterogeneous Rough Channel
Authors: Vaidya Hanumesh , Mebarek‐Oudina Fateh , Kumar Rakesh , Rajashekhar C. , Prasad Kerehalli Vinayaka , Kalal Sangeeta , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy
Published: December 2024

The significance of this study is to understand the complex interplay between fluid flow and surface roughness. Modeling surface roughness adds a new dimension for examining fluid dynamics, which is essential for understanding phenomena like drag force, heat transfer, and mass transfer. In this context, the aim of the present work focuses on modeling the magnetohydrodynamic peristaltic slip flow of Casson nanofluid and analyzing the role of multiple slip effects over a non‐uniform rough channel. A novel rough non‐uniform model is effectively governed by a set of nonlinear coupled governing partial differential equations, which are simplified under long wavelength and creeping flow approximations. The resulting simplified equations are solved numerically using Mathematica's built‐in ND‐Solve tool. The study primarily examines the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles graphically for various pertinent physiological parameters. Additionally, engineering interests like skin friction coefficients, Nusselt numbers, and Sherwood numbers are reported in tabular form, revealing intrinsic flow oscillations. The results are further explored by analyzing pressure drop, friction force, and bolus shapes created by the sinusoidal motion of the fluid. Such insights are vital for comprehending internal fluctuations during peristaltic transport. In summary, skin friction and Nusselt numbers are typically higher for rough versus smooth surfaces. Also, roughness induces stresses, conductive‐convective heat transfer, and viscous effects. Further, magnetically activated rough surfaces and nanoparticle interactions create flux balances. Magnetic effects reduce bolus size due to resistive forces. The findings of this study have important applications in biomedical engineering, aerospace engineering, heat transfer enhancement, and environmental remediation.
Dysregulation of Myelination in Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type II of the Human Frontal Lobe
Authors: Donkels Catharina , Häussler Ute , Huber Susanne , Tiesmeyer Nina , Demerath Theo , Scheiwe Christian , Shah Mukesch J. , Heers Marcel , Urbach Horst , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Prinz Marco , Vlachos Andreas , Beck Jürgen , Nakagawa Julia M. , Haas Carola A.
Published: December 2024

Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are local malformations of the human neocortex and a leading cause of intractable epilepsy. FCDs are classified into different subtypes including FCD IIa and IIb, characterized by a blurred gray‐white matter boundary or a transmantle sign indicating abnormal white matter myelination. Recently, we have shown that myelination is also compromised in the gray matter of FCD IIa of the temporal lobe. Since myelination is key for brain function, which is imbalanced in epilepsy, in the current study, we investigated myelination in the gray matter of FCD IIa and IIb from the frontal lobe on the morphological, ultrastructural, and transcriptional level. We found that FCD IIa presents with an ordinary radial myelin fiber pattern, but with a reduced thickness of myelin sheaths of 500–1000 nm thick axons in comparison to FCD IIb and with an attenuation of the myelin synthesis machinery. In contrast, FCD IIb showed an irregular and disorganized myelination pattern covering an enlarged area in comparison to FCD IIa and controls and with increased numbers of myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs). FCD IIb had significantly thicker myelin sheaths of large caliber axons (above 1000 nm) when compared to FCD IIa. Accordingly, FCD IIb showed a significant up‐regulation of myelin‐associated mRNAs in comparison to FCD IIa and enhanced binding capacities of the transcription factor MYRF to target sites in myelin‐associated genes. These data indicate that FCD IIa and IIb are characterized by a differential dysregulation of myelination in the gray matter of the frontal lobe.
An Intercomparison of DOC Estimated From fDOM Sensors in Wildfire Affected Streams of the Western United States
Authors: Akie Garrett A. , Clow David W. , Murphy Sheila F. , Clark Gregory D. , Meador Michael R. , Ebel Brian A.
Published: December 2024

Wildfires in the western United States (US) have been demonstrated to affect water quality, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), in streams. Elevated post‐wildfire DOC concentration poses a potential risk to drinking water treatment systems. In‐stream measurements of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM), a proxy for DOC, have shown potential to detect dynamic changes in DOC. High frequency monitoring of water temperature, turbidity, and fDOM was used in conjunction with discrete sampling during targeted storm events and at fixed intervals to estimate DOC in five western US streams following wildfires in 2020 and 2021 with the objective to characterise and compare responses to wildfire among sites. The elevated turbidity conditions typical after wildfire presented a challenge to fDOM measurements and there was a need to identify appropriate turbidity corrections at burned sites. A combination of established and novel methods corrected fDOM concentrations for turbidity effects up to 800 Formazin nephelometric units (FNU). Pre‐wildfire high frequency water quality data in adjacent burned and unburned watersheds allowed for separation of climate effects on DOC at one of the sites. Hydrology, climate and landcover were more important drivers of post‐wildfire DOC yield than wildfire characteristics. Seasonal patterns of DOC were unchanged by wildfire in snowmelt‐driven watersheds. Large, transient spikes in DOC concentration following frontal and convective storms were observed post‐wildfire at all burned sites, but not at the unburned site. These spikes often exceeded operational thresholds for drinking water treatment. This study highlights the ability to develop high frequency DOC estimates in surface waters up to 800 FNU using fDOM sensors and targeted storm sampling and emphasises the value of high frequency pre‐wildfire data in adjacent burned and unburned watersheds for separating climate and wildfire effects.
Single‐center off‐label benralizumab use for refractory hypereosinophilic syndrome demonstrates satisfactory safety and efficacy
Authors: Veltman Yvonne , Aalbers Anna M. , Hermans Maud A. W. , Mutsaers Pim G. N. J.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Benralizumab is an interleukin 5‐receptor‐blocking drug registered for the treatment of eosinophilic asthma. It has proven efficient and safe in a small phase‐II trial in hypereosinophilic syndrome and is currently being investigated in a larger, randomized phase‐III trial. We report on real‐world experience with benralizumab in 15 patients with severe Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) that were refractory to other treatments or on unacceptable steroid doses.

Methods

Fifteen patients with severe HES were treated with compassionate need benralizumab. The measured endpoints were a reduction in peripheral eosinophil count, a reduction of corticosteroid use, adverse events, and clinical response.

Results

All subgroups of HES were represented in this cohort and in the case of reactive HES, treatment of the primary cause did not lead to resolution of the eosinophilia. The median time of follow‐up was 38 months. Twelve patients reached a normalized peripheral eosinophil count (< 0.05 × 109/L), while the remaining three patients also had a significant reduction from baseline.

Of the eight patients initially treated with steroids, five patients were off steroids completely, and three patients had reduced dosages. Eight patients experienced complete symptom resolution, and five partial resolution. No serious adverse events were observed.

Conclusion

In conclusion, benralizumab is safe and effective for the treatment of HES.
Topiramate treatment of pediatric metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Kohut Taisa , Tou Andrea , Carr Emily , Xanthakos Stavra , Arce‐Clachar Ana Catalina , Fawaz Rima , Valentino Pamela L. , Panganiban Jennifer , Mouzaki Marialena
Published: December 2024

Background

Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a common disease in children. Lifestyle modification is the primary treatment but difficult to achieve and maintain. Topiramate is a component of an approved weight loss medication (topiramate‐phentermine) in children aged 12 years and older but is more commonly used as a single agent, off‐label, for pediatric obesity. Our aim is to describe change in anthropometrics and laboratory values while providing topiramate treatment of pediatric MASLD.

Methods

Descriptive cohort study including patients aged <18 years with MASLD and body mass index (BMI) >95th percentile treated with topiramate for weight loss for ≥3 months from January 1, 2010, to December 30, 2023. The primary outcome was change in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels from baseline to 3–6 months. Secondary outcomes were changes in BMI z score, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile.

Results

Of 43 patients prescribed topiramate, 11 were excluded for nonadherence, leaving 32 (56% boys, 72% non‐Hispanic) for further analyses. With topiramate, ALT levels improved (76 vs 50 U/L, p = 0.001). Further, 43% of patients had either ALT normalization or reduction by >50% from baseline. BMI z score decreased by 0.1 from baseline to 3–6 months. There were no improvements in glycated hemoglobin or lipids. Eight patients (25%) reported mild side effects.

Conclusion

Topiramate, as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention, may be considered in the treatment of pediatric MASLD, specifically in the context of failed lifestyle modification and inability to tolerate or qualify for other obesity pharmacotherapy.
Pros and cons of sub‐specialisation in orthopaedics and traumatology—Is the general orthopaedic and trauma surgeon a relic of the past?
Authors: Ostojic Marko , Hakam Hassan Tarek , Sabalic Srecko , Indelli Pier Francesco , Hirschmann Michael T. , Jelic Mislav , Allington Nanni , Limb David , Becker Roland
Published: December 2024

The evolution of orthopaedics has witnessed a pronounced shift from generalist practice to subspecialisation, a trend that has fundamentally reshaped the field over the past century. Originally, orthopaedic surgeons were trained to address a broad spectrum of musculoskeletal conditions. However, increasing complexity and specialization in knowledge have driven a progressive narrowing of focus within orthopaedics. This editorial explores the rise of subspecialty training and fellowship programs in orthopaedics, particularly in North America, where over 90% of orthopaedic surgeons now pursue subspecialty fellowships. While subspecialisation has improved surgical outcomes and created experts in specific anatomical regions and techniques, it has also led to challenges. Surgeons with highly focused expertise may face difficulties in managing conditions outside their niche, and subspecialisation may inadvertently limit comprehensive patient care, especially for those with complex, multi‐faceted needs. The career paths of orthopaedic trainees are increasingly shaped by both personal interests and market demands, with subspecialists seeking greater professional and economic benefits. Additionally, orthopaedic training models in Europe vary, further complicating a unified approach to subspecialisation. This editorial calls for a balanced perspective that values both subspecialty excellence and the broad‐based skills of orthopaedic generalists, particularly as the future of generalist orthopaedic practice faces uncertainty amidst ongoing subspecialisation trends.
Thin flap sulcus‐deepening trochleoplasty in patellar instability yields good functional outcomes without progressive cartilage deterioration in the short‐term follow‐up—A retrospective single‐surgeon cohort study
Authors: Frings Jannik , Janssen Eva , Krause Matthias , Frosch Karl‐Heinz , Vettorazzi Eik , Weiler Andreas , Schmeling Arno
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Sulcus‐deepening trochleoplasty (TP) effectively treats patellofemoral (PF) instability (PFI) caused by high‐grade trochlear dysplasia (TD), but current evidence is based on small case series. We hypothesised, that TP would result in significant functional improvements and a low re‐dislocation rate but would not accelerate the progression of PF cartilage deterioration.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all TP cases performed by a single surgeon between 2015 and 2021. Inclusion criteria were postoperative Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) >6 and >12 months and a clinical follow‐up >12 months. Patients with simultaneous cartilage repair, open physes or incomplete records were excluded. Clinical outcomes were assessed using pre‐ and postoperative scores, postoperative Banff Patellofemoral Instability Instrument (BPII) 2.0 and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), re‐dislocation rate and patient satisfaction. PF cartilage was evaluated via Area Measurement and Depth & Underlying Structures (AMADEUS) scores preoperatively, at 6 months and at the final follow‐up.

Results

We included 113 patients (25.8 ± 8.3 years) with high‐grade TD (Dejour B–D; mean lateral inclination angle: −2.9 ± 9.1°), 85% of whom had advanced cartilage lesions. All underwent TP, lateral retinacular lengthening (LRL) and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFL‐R). After 34.8 ± 20.9 months, function, pain levels and Tegner scores improved significantly (p < 0.001). KOOS dimensions were: symptoms 79.9 ± 13.5, pain 86.4 ± 12.1, activity 91.9 ± 8.3, sports 71.7 ± 22.2 and quality‐of‐life 58.1 ± 23.8. BPII 2.0 was 64.3 ± 31.4. Preoperative AMADEUS scores (55.2 ± 17.4) remained stable at 6 months (p = 0.343) but improved to 58.4 ± 16.0 at 28.6 (12–89) months (p = 0.004). Complication and re‐dislocation rates were 5.3% and 1.8%, with 93% patient satisfaction.

Conclusion

Sulcus‐deepening TP with MPFL‐R and LRL yields good to excellent short‐term results without progressive chondral deterioration, enabling patients to return to their prior or higher activity levels despite advanced preoperative chondral lesions. TP can be considered a safe, joint‐preserving technique for PF stabilisation.

Level of Evidence

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
High‐grade trochlear dysplasia increases patellofemoral joint pressure and decreases the knee extension torque, and tibial tubercle anteriorisation does not correct these effects: Biomechanical study in vitro
Authors: Dan Michael , Moralidou Maria , Kuder Isabelle , van Arkel Richard J. , Dejour David , Amis Andrew A.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

High‐grade femoral trochlear dysplasia is associated with anterior knee pain, patellar maltracking, instability and the development of osteoarthritis. Scientific studies have signified the importance of trochlear resection on the knee extensor mechanism, and dysplasia can be addressed by a groove‐deepening trochleoplasty. Alternatively, tibial tubercle anteriorisation has been proposed to reduce patellofemoral joint (PFJ) pressure and alleviate pain from osteoarthritis. However, the relative contributions of articular changes in the sagittal and axial planes remain unknown. This study aimed to better understand the effect of these different osteotomies, that alter the sagittal plane geometry, on PFJ biomechanics.

Methods

Seven cadaveric knees were used to measure the following factors: (1) PFJ contact pressure; (2) Knee extension torque (KET); and (3) Patellar kinematics at 60°, 45°, 30°, 15° and 0° of knee flexion among four different osteotomy states: native, anteriorised trochlea, combined anteriorised trochlea and anteriorised tibial tubercle, and anteriorised tibial tubercle. Analysis was made using a two‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance.

Results

Anteriorising the trochlea increased mean PFJ contact pressures ×2.9 at 0° (p = 0.024) and ×2.2 (p = 0.029) at 15° flexion compared to the native state. Peak pressures increased ×4.9 at 0° and ×3.3 at 15° (n.s.). Anteriorising the trochlea reduced KET 18% (p = 0.001) at 40° flexion and 19% (p = 0.009) at 50°. The patella was anteriorised 8 mm in the extended knee (p < 0.001) and flexed 8° at 45° knee flexion (p < 0.001) compared to the native state. Elevating the tibial tubercle, alone or combined with an anteriorised trochlea, did not have a significant effect on the respective outcome measurements.

Conclusion

An anteriorised trochlea elevated PFJ contact pressure, reduced KET and altered patellar position during knee flexion/extension movement, while a tibial tubercle anteriorisation had a negligible opposite effect. These findings indicate that symptoms associated with high grade trochlear dysplasia may be addressed better at the trochlea, rather than at the tibial tubercle.

Level of Evidence

Basic science.
Randomized Algorithms for Multilinear UTV Decomposition
Authors: Liu Guimin , Zhao Ruijuan , Zheng Bing , Yang Fanyin
Published: December 2024

Truncated multilinear UTV decomposition (TMLUTVD) is an efficient method to extract the most dominant features of a given tensor in various practical applications, such as tensor tracking. However, the computation of TMLUTVD can be time‐consuming, especially for large‐scale data. Randomized methods are known for their ability to reduce computational costs, particularly when dealing with the low‐rank approximation of large tensors. Therefore, in this paper, we develop randomized algorithms for computing the multilinear UTV decomposition. Specifically, we propose randomized versions of TMLUTVD using randomized sampling schemes and the power method technique, which is an extension of the existing randomized matrix method. They are more efficient when applied to very large datasets compared with deterministic methods, and a detailed probabilistic error analysis of these algorithms is provided. We further introduce two novel variants of these randomized algorithms, based on distinct computational challenges inherent in processing large‐scale datasets. The first variant can adaptively find a low‐rank representation that satisfies a given tolerance when the target rank is not known in advance. The second variant preserves the original tensor structure and is particularly effective for managing large‐scale sparse tensors that are challenging to load into memory. Some numerical results are presented to illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Association of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome With Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Tai‐Yu , Chen Mei‐Jou , Lien Kuang‐Hsu
Published: December 2024

Objective

Despite certain studies indicating hearing impairments in individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the correlation between PCOS and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the association between PCOS and SNHL.

Data Sources

A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to June 24, 2024.

Review Methods

This meta‐analysis included cross‐sectional, case‐control, or cohort studies examining the association between PCOS and SNHL without language or regional restrictions. Case reports, case series, animal studies, and in vitro studies were excluded. We adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines and utilized the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale to assess the risk of bias in the included studies.

Results

After performing the systematic review, we conducted a meta‐analysis that included 489 patients from 5 studies: 349 patients with PCOS and 140 age‐ and sex‐matched controls without PCOS. The meta‐analysis compared the mean differences in frequency‐specific pure‐tone thresholds between patients with PCOS and matched controls, providing 95% confidence intervals for these differences. Given the expected clinical heterogeneity, we employed the DerSimonian and Laird random‐effects model. Our results revealed significant hearing loss at specific frequencies (1000, 4000, 8000, 10,000, 12,000, 14,000, 16,000, 18,000, and 20,000 Hz) in the PCOS group compared to the control group (P < .05). Furthermore, the degree of hearing loss is greater at higher frequencies.

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis demonstrated an association between PCOS and SNHL, particularly at higher frequencies.
What Might Happen If Adolescents Perceive Academic Pressure From Their Parents? The Role Of Academic Self‐Handicapping Behaviour On Subjective Academic Well‐Being: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Pamuk Mustafa , Circir Osman
Published: December 2024

It is important for students to be successful in their academic lives, both for themselves and their families. Some certain individual obstacles on the path to success can diminish students' achievement as well as their motivation, which is a crucial factor for success. Sometimes parents can be involved in these processes. In this context, the current study aims to examine the mediating role of academic motivation in the relationship between high school students' academic self‐handicapping behaviours and their subjective academic well‐being, as well as the moderating role of perceived parental pressure for academic achievement in this relationship within the framework of the self‐determination theory. The study group consists of 721 students (419 girls and 302 boys) attending high schools in Türkiye. Subjective Academic Well‐Being Scale, Academic Self‐Handicapping Scale, Academic Motivation Scale and Parental Academic Achievement Pressure and Support Scale were used to collect data in the study. The results revealed that academic self‐handicapping behaviours significantly and negatively predicted students' subjective academic well‐being. Moreover, it was found that academic motivation had a mediator role in the relationship between academic self‐handicapping behaviour and subjective academic well‐being. In addition, it was found that parental academic pressure had a moderator role in the relationship between academic self‐handicapping behaviour and academic motivation and in the indirect effect. According to the results, students' academic self‐handicapping behaviours have a direct effect on their subjective academic well‐being as well as an indirect effect through academic motivation. Furthermore, it was found that the indirect effect of students' academic self‐handicapping behaviours on their subjective academic well‐being varies depending on the level of perceived parental pressure for academic achievement. In light of the findings obtained, theoretical and practical suggestions are made.
Guided monocyte fate to FRβ/CD163+ S1 macrophage antagonises atopic dermatitis via fibroblastic matrices in mouse hypodermis
Authors: Li Yu-Tung , Takaki Eiichi , Ouchi Yuya , Tamai Katsuto
Published: December 2024

Macrophages are versatile myeloid leukocytes with flexible cellular states to perform diverse tissue functions beyond immunity. This plasticity is however often hijacked by diseases to promote pathology. Scanning kinetics of macrophage states by single-cell transcriptomics and flow cytometry, we observed atopic dermatitis drastically exhausted a resident subtype S1. Characterized by FRβ/CD163 expression, S1 exhibited strong efferocytosis and chemoattracted monocytes and eosinophils. Here we have delineated mechanisms regulating monocyte decision to acquire S1 identity in skin. During M-CSF driven macrophage differentiation in healthy skin, FRβ was expressed via intrinsic control of STAT6 and ALK5 activities, and did not require heterotypic cellular crosstalk. In contrast, CD163 expression required exposure to fibroblastic secretion. This process depended on SHP1 activity and involved STAT5 inactivation. Suppressed STAT5 activity caused CD163 expression and rendered macrophage insensitive to further induction by fibroblasts. Parsing coculture experiments with in silico ligand expression, we identified laminin-α2 and type-V collagen secreted by hypodermal fibroblasts as CD163-driving factors. S1 identity loss in AD followed a stepwise cascade: reduced laminins availability first dampened CD163 expression, IL4 and TGFβ subsequently acted on CD163lo/− cells to downregulate FRβ. In AD skin, we showed that imitating this fibroblast-macrophage crosstalk with exogenous laminin-211 encouraged monocyte differentiation to S1 macrophages, fostered homeostatic commitment of extravasated eosinophils, and alleviated dermatitis. Hence, we demonstrated that reinforcing a steady-state cue from hypodermal fibroblasts could override maladaptive pressure on macrophage and restored tissue homeostasis.

Graphical Abstract
Correlation of Damage in Rocks Dynamically Loaded by Percussive Tools Using Piston Coefficient of Restitution (COR)
Authors: Aising Jorge , Gerbaud Laurent , Sellami Hedi , Sénéchal Pascale , Moonen Peter
Published: December 2024

Efficient drilling operations require optimal drilling parameters to achieve higher penetration rates and minimize tool wear. This study focuses on characterizing the piston coefficient of restitution (COR) as a damage indicator for rocks dynamically loaded by percussive tools. The COR offers a nuanced understanding of damage, particularly at low impact energies where plastic deformation beneath the insert and sub-surface fractures predominates over chip mass removal. Various design parameters, including piston-to-bit mass ratio, piston length and impact velocity, were varied to evaluate their impact on the piston COR in pristine rock samples. Tests were conducted on granite, sandstone and limestone, all common rocks in down-the-hole hammer drilling. Despite variations in the impact energy level, the influence of mass or length ratios on the COR and the resultant destroyed rock volume was minimal. X-ray computed tomography revealed the significance of the crushed zone beneath the crater, affecting the rock ability to exert mechanical work on the bit during unloading. This characteristic led to the identification of a distinctive non-linear shape in the COR curves, with clearly delineated regions for each rock type, corresponding to different damage rates. These findings underscore the potential of the piston COR as a valuable tool for aiding in the identification of optimal drilling parameters and understanding rock formation characteristics during drilling.
Cancer vaccines: an update on recent achievements and prospects for cancer therapy
Authors: Chekaoui Arezki , Garofalo Mariangela , Gad Beata , Staniszewska Monika , Chiaro Jacopo , Pancer Katarzyna , Gryciuk Aleksander , Cerullo Vincenzo , Salmaso Stefano , Caliceti Paolo , Masny Aleksander , Wieczorek Magdalena , Pesonen Sari , Kuryk Lukasz
Published: December 2024

Decades of basic and translational research have led to a momentum shift in dissecting the relationship between immune cells and cancer. This culminated in the emergence of breakthrough immunotherapies that paved the way for oncologists to manage certain hard-to-treat cancers. The application of high-throughput techniques of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics was conclusive in making and expediting the manufacturing process of cancer vaccines. Using the latest research technologies has also enabled scientists to interpret complex and multiomics data of the tumour mutanome, thus identifying new tumour-specific antigens to design new generations of cancer vaccines with high specificity and long-term efficacy. Furthermore, combinatorial regimens of cancer vaccines with immune checkpoint inhibitors have offered new therapeutic approaches and demonstrated impressive efficacy in cancer patients over the last few years. In the present review, we summarize the current state of cancer vaccines, including their potential therapeutic effects and the limitations that hinder their effectiveness. We highlight the current efforts to mitigate these limitations and highlight ongoing clinical trials. Finally, a special focus will be given to the latest milestones expected to transform the landscape of cancer therapy and nurture hope among cancer patients.
Advancing the LOUD+FAIR Data Principles in Eastern Mediterranean Archaeological Research: Insights from the PERAIA Project
Authors: Laguna-Palma David , Barruezo-Vaquero Pablo
Published: December 2024

Over the last decades, archaeology has experienced a transformative revolution in the wake of the digital that has shaped the ways in which it is researched and published. A key concept, openness, has emerged from this shift. This article explores digital approaches to data management conducted within the framework of the PERAIA project, which provides a comprehensive open database and a web application that integrate data on archaeological heritage spanning from late prehistory to antiquity, covering the Aegean area (Crete) and northeastern Libya / northwestern Egypt (Marmarica). We used a methodology that integrates legacy data with historical aerial and satellite imagery to identify archaeological features in the landscape, thereby enriching them with associated environmental and historical (meta)data. Our open data practices reflect a commitment to open science, in which digital technology and the LOUD+FAIR principles have been at the core of the project to achieve data openness, fair access to information, and enhanced data reusability potential.
Supplementation of VLT and marine-derived probiotic BA-9 promotes the growth performance and antioxidant capacity at early life of ruminants
Authors: Kang Jia , Zhu Jiangjiang , Li Kerui , Wang Junwei , Zhang Kai , Chen Yu , Luo Tao , Shi Hengbo
Published: December 2024

This study aims to investigate the effects of the vine of Lonicera japonica Thunb (VLT) and marine-derived Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 (BA-9) supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota of goat kids. A total of 32 4-week-old kids were randomly assigned into four groups: a control group (CON), a group supplemented with 0.3% BA-9 (BA-9), a group supplemented with 2% VLT (VLT), and a group supplemented with both 0.3% BA-9 and 2% VLT (MIX). The results indicated that VLT supplementation significantly increased both average daily (P < 0.001) and total weight gain (TWG) (P < 0.001), while BA-9 alone had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the average daily and TWG. Biomarker analysis of oxidative stress revealed that supplementation of VLT or BA-9 alone enhanced antioxidant capacity. The MIX group showing a higher total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) compared with the CON, VLT, and BA-9 groups (P < 0.05). Plasma albumin (ALB) levels were significantly increased in the both VLT and BA-9 groups. Microbiota analysis revealed significant differences in α-diversity and β-diversity between the MIX and CON groups, with specific genera such as Prevotellaceae_UCG.004 and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group negatively correlated with average daily gain (ADG), while Alistipes was positively correlated with T-AOC. These findings suggest that the combined supplementation of VLT and BA-9 can significantly enhance growth performance and antioxidant capacity in goat kids by modulating the composition of gut microbiota and reducing oxidative stress.
The structure of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support: a meta-analytic confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Koğar Hakan , Yılmaz Koğar Esin
Published: December 2024

One of the most popular instruments used to assess perceived social support is the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Although the original structure of the MSPSS was defined to include three specific factors (significant others, friends and family), studies in the literature propose different factor solutions. In this study, we addressed the controversial factor structure of the MSPSS using a meta-analytic confirmatory factor analysis approach. For this purpose, we utilized studies in the literature that examined and reported the internal structure of the MSPSS. However, we used summary data from 59 samples of 54 studies (total N = 27,905) after excluding studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria. We tested five different models discussed in the literature and found that the fit indices of the correlated 3-factor model and the bifactor model were quite good. Therefore, we also examined both models’ factor loadings and omega coefficients. Since there was no sharp difference between the two models and the theoretical structure of the scale was represented by the correlated three factors, we decided that the correlated three-factor model was more appropriate for the internal structure of the MSPSS. We then examined the measurement invariance for this model according to language and sample type (clinical and nonclinical) and found that metric invariance was achieved. As a result, we found that the three-factor structure of the MSPSS was supported in this study.
The cheese, the worm, and the law: Grassroots legal cosmopolitanism in the Manchurian borderland, 1906–1927
Authors: Hua Rui
Published: December 2024

This article tells the story of 36 Chinese peasants and their audacious campaign to defend their private rights on two tiny islands in Manchuria from the Japanese empire and a Chinese warlord regime. A borderland in Northeast Asia, Manchuria was a site of intense inter-imperial rivalry in the first half of the twentieth century. Using newly discovered local Chinese archival documents as well as sources produced by Japanese, Korean, and American actors, I discuss how the peasants leveraged their knowledge of multiple property regimes in the borderland to delay and deflect the demands of two states. This microhistory of a transnational dispute illustrates the workings of a form of convergent legal pluralism in the Northeast Asian borderland. While historians agree that state capacity grew substantially in the East Asian borderlands in the early twentieth century, the case shows how that growth also complicated the nature of the state and created new possibilities of bottom-up socio-legal action. It exemplifies the kind of legal cosmopolitanism grassroots actors practised in a world of justice dominated by not-so-cosmopolitan nation-states.
Mussel-inspired novel coating with cariogenic biofilm inhibition and in situ remineralization properties for caries treatment
Authors: Wang Jiaolong , Ge Min , Wang Huizhen , Yao Haiyan , Deng Yunyun , Wei Junchao
Published: December 2024

A facile and dual-functional PDA@PC hybrid coating, prepared via the Michael addition and Schiff base reactions, exhibits remarkable performance in terms of antibiofilm activity and remineralization capabilities for dental caries management.
Coexistence of altermagnetism and robust ferroelectricity in a bulk MnO wurtzite structure
Authors: Khan Imran , Bezzerga Djamel , Hong Jisang
Published: December 2024

Altermagnetism is a new class of material with zero net magnetization, but having a nonrelativistic spin-split band structure.
Guanidyl-rich α-helical polypeptide enables efficient cytosolic pro-protein delivery and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing
Authors: Zhao Ziyin , Zhang Haoyu , Li Wei , Wang Yehan , Wang Yifei , Yang He , Yin Lichen , Liu Xun
Published: December 2024

An LPP binds to A-protein via electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding to form stable NCs. Upon endocytosis, the LPP induces rapid endolysosomal escape, and the native protein is restored by cleaving boronate ester and imine caging groups.
Self-driven micromotors loaded with photosensitive adhesives and their application in dentin sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Qianyang , Zhang Yiying , Wu Wei , Wu Yingjie , Jiang Zhuling , Hu Narisu
Published: December 2024

The bubble-driven SSN-Ag@Pt-GLM is loaded with silver particles, Pt power unit and bonding layer, which can automatically move into the dentin tubule and slowly release silver ions. After LED light the tubules can be completely sealed.