bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to Bridge Cognitive and Cultural Models of Religious Evolution
Authors: Jackson Joshua Conrad
Published: October 2024

The scientific study of religion has roots in at least two traditions: a cognitive tradition which typically uses experimental studies to examine the proximal psychological processes underlying religious belief and ritual, and an anthropological tradition which uses historical and ethnographic data to examine how religious systems culturally evolve in social groups. In Religion Evolving, Purzycki and Sosis bridge both traditions and encourage a more integrated evolutionary science of religion. In this essay, I present three suggestions for how to make this science as ambitious and collaborative as possible. These suggestions are: (1) to move beyond straw man debates that pit byproduct models against functional models of religious evolution and acknowledge that these models are compatible from a dual inheritance perspective, (2) to evaluate functionalist claims with caution, recognizing how and when religion is adaptive vs. maladaptive for secular society, and (3) to avoid reductive definitions of religion and embrace religious pluralism. With these lessons in mind, we can usher in a bolder evolutionary science of religion that draws from both cognitive and cultural traditions.
Role of the Situation Center in managing the cardiovascular disease risks in a Russian region with a low population density using the example of the Komi Republic
Authors: Korotkov D. A. , Kurochkina O. N.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To determine the role of the Situation Center in managing the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks in a Russian region with a low population density using the example of the Komi Republic.

Material and methods. Structure and functions of the Situation Center of the Clinical Cardiology Dispensary (Komi Republic) were analyzed. We made a comparison with the best practices in healthcare management for patients with CVD.

Results. The Situation Center of the Clinical Cardiology Dispensary (Komi Republic) is currently becoming a risk management tool in CVD continuum during the implementation of the novel healthcare system paradigm "Health Management and Human-centricity" at all healthcare stages in the Komi Republic territory from prevention to rehabilitation, regardless of the patient's place of residence and population density. This is especially important for residents of the circumpolar region.

Conclusion. The creation of the Situation Center of the Clinical Cardiology Dispensary (Komi Republic) corresponds to the best practices in healthcare management for patients with CVD in the Russian Federation and allows solving the problems of the low population density area.
Ticagrelor — a legend of modern cardiology
Authors: Gilyarevsky S. R.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the evidence on the basis of which the ticagrelor is used in patients with various forms of coronary artery disease, including both acute and chronic. Evidence is provided to support the benefits of ticagrelor over clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome, as well as the benefits of ticagrelor in combination with a low dose of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) compared with ASA monotherapy in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Particular attention in the review is paid to antithrombotic therapy in patients in the long term after myocardial infarction. The rationale for using a low dose of ticagrelor rather than rivaroxaban in this situation is being considered. The advantages of original ticagrelor (Brilinta) rather than generics are being discussed. Data are provided on the pleiotropic effects of ticagrelor, which may have additional positive effects in patients after myocardial infarction, which are manifested in a decrease in the severity of myocardial remodeling. Possible mechanisms causing the pleiotropic effects of ticagrelor, in particular the increase in adenosine levels in tissues, are discussed. Data are presented on the possible effect of ticagrelor on the risk of pneumonia and sepsis, including data obtained in a Mendelian randomization study, which confirms the results of the PLATO study. Overall, the review provides detailed evidence that supports the view that ticagrelor can already be considered a legend of modern cardiology.
Determinants of outcomes in patients with pulmonary embolism and recent COVID-19 infection
Authors: Kononov S K , Solovev O. V. , Kraev A. R. , Ralnikova U. A. , Grebeneva E. V.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To study the factors influencing outcomes in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) and recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Material and methods. This retrospective observational study was conducted involving patients hospitalized in the emergency cardiology department from January 2020 to December 2021. Two groups of patients were analyzed depending on the presence of recent (up to 3 months) COVID-19.

Results. A total of 113 patients hospitalized with PE met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 44 and 69 patients were with and without recent COVID-19, respectively. Mortality rate in the early period of the 2020-2021 pandemic was 23,5% and 7,5% in the group with and without recent COVID-19, respectively, p=0,023 (χ2=5,19). Patients with recent COVID-19 more often had peripheral pulmonary artery thrombosis, less often classic signs of PE. Patients with a fatal outcome more often had type 2 diabetes, higher blood troponin levels, estimated risk score values, lower mean platelet values, glomerular filtration rate, had worse hemodynamic parameters at the time of hospitalization, higher pulmonary artery pressure according to echocardiography. Among all the factors, the following had the greatest adverse effect: low systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the time of hospitalization, decreased glomerular filtration rate, high sPESI score risk.

Conclusion. Even taking into account the pandemic end, it is important to study the factors influencing the PE course in COVID-19. This may be important when assessing long-term complications. Patients with PE and recent COVID-19 have distinctive clinical features and a tendency to higher mortality in the early pandemic period. Mortality is higher in the presence of both factors due to the severity of the previous infection and previously studied factors determining the unfavorable prognosis of PE.
Multilingual memory albums in Wisconsin and the Duchy of Schleswig
Authors: Litty Samantha M.
Published: October 2024

Memory albums, sometimes known as poetry albums or autograph books (German Stammbuch; Danish stambog), have existed in some form for centuries, and by the 19th century, the practice was common among many members of society and were often kept by school-aged children or young adults. Such albums are considered to have been kept for the purposes of group affiliation and for collecting personal memories for the future. Because of this, they are a useful source in historical sociolinguistic research, particularly regarding the reconstruction of social networks and understanding community of practice. By focusing on memory albums created during the same time period in two distinct locations by bi- or multilingual social groups, this chapter aims to shed light on differences and similarities of the communities of practice taking part in memory album creation; one in Wisconsin, the other in the Duchy of Schleswig. Results from this chapter show that for each location, a dominant language is apparent, and similarities arise according to the sex of the album owner.
Individual-level cross-linguistic comparisons in Toronto Cantonese and English high vowels
Authors: Tse Holman
Published: October 2024

Previous studies of Toronto Heritage Cantonese have suggested the lack of a similar phonological contrast in English as the source of cross-linguistic influence on the phonetic production of the /y/ vs. /u/ contrast in Cantonese. By comparing both the English and Cantonese production of the same individual speakers in spontaneous speech recordings, this study addresses Chang’s (2021) call for more bilingual studies focused on individual-level cross-linguistic interactions. Results show three distinct patterns of cross-linguistic interaction: P1) three distinct vowels, P2) Cantonese /u/ merged with English /u/, and P3) Cantonese /y/ merged with English /u/. While P1 was the most frequently occurring pattern, the occurrence of P3 exclusively among second-generation speakers, among those with lower Cantonese Production Scores, and among those with the lowest Pillai Scores suggest that cross-linguistic phonetic similarity is what drives decreased acoustic distance between /y/ and /u/ rather than direct transfer of phonological categories.
Targeting Breast Adenocarcinoma with Grangea maderaspatana Natural Compounds: A Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Rajakumari Suraj , Uppathi Pavithra , Saritha Kallimakula Venkareddy
Published: October 2024

Millions of women worldwide have breast cancer, a common and possibly fatal illness according to WHO Reports. A genetic mutation usually causes breast adenocarcinomas. Only 5-10% of cancers are induced by genetic mutations that develop with age, and the "wear and tear" of general life causes 85-90% of breast cancers. There are not many FDA-approved treatments available on the market right now, but those that have extreme toxicity and side effects restrict their use. Consequently, it is essential to use alternative medications to prevent breast cancer. The Grangea maderaspatana plant has a variety of natural chemicals that have been selected for their therapeutic characteristics. These properties include cytotoxicity, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, anti-flatulent, antipyretic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, estrogenicity, and anti-implantation activity. The whole plant has been used in folk medicine since the classical era to treat an assortment of illnesses. However, using molecular docking, we evaluated the interactions between the natural substances of Grangea maderaspatana and the breast adenocarcinoma receptor (PDB-1M17). Two reference medications, anastrozole and tamoxifen, are utilized to investigate drug similarity and comparability. The compound - (-) Frullanolide has showed aromatase inhibitor (estrogen blocker) efficacy as tamoxifen and anastrozole, which is utilized in the treatment of breast cancer. Given their favorable pharmacokinetics (ADMET) characteristics, the majority of these substances show promise as therapeutic candidates for breast adenocarcinoma. The findings from this research could aid in the development of new and efficient treatment options for breast cancer, potentially improving patient outcomes and standards of living.
Analyzing Sports Biomechanics of Hurdling Training: A Systematic Review
Authors: Al Ardha Muchamad Arif , Nurhasan  , Supriyanto Catur , Bikalawan Sauqi Sawa , Yang Chung Bing , Putro Andika Bayu , Bimantoro Aprilyan Putra
Published: October 2024

Background. Hurdling is a dynamic and technically demanding sport within athletics. It requires a unique combination of speed, agility, coordination, and strength to support good technique and achievement. The ability to excel in this sport depends on the athlete’s mastery of these components, making it an interesting subject for sports science research.
Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate existing research on sports biomechanics as it relates to improving hurdling performance.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology of the relevant literature. A total of 15 articles published between 1990 and 2023 were identified as relevant to the focus of the study and selected for in-depth analysis.
Results. The findings showed that sports biomechanics research in hurdling training has mainly concentrated on the following key areas: kinematics analysis, the application of technology, and the potential injury studies. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the biomechanics of hurdling training, this study suggests the need for further and more comprehensive research. The research mentioned should delve deeper into the biomechanical factors influencing performance in order to develop optimal training methods and injury prevention strategies.
Conclusions. This review underscores the importance of continued research in this area, as it has the potential to enhance training approaches and improve athletic performance in hurdling.
Down the banking hole: Investigating the case of Slovenian banks
Authors: Premrl Peter , Dobovšek Bojan , Slak Boštjan
Published: October 2024

The aim of this paper is to analyse who was responsible for the deterioration of the Slovenian banking sector to such an extent that it was almost destroyed by the 2008 financial crisis, necessitating the consideration of an international bailout. A literature review focused specifically on reports from law enforcement agencies and commissions that investigated banking practices, complemented by a qualitative empirical study. In order to gain insight into the reasons why this situation unfolded, ten structured interviews were conducted. The interviewees included experts with experience in the fields of prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of economic crime, bad credit management, central banking, parliamentary committee management, forensic investigations, investigative journalism, and experts with academic knowledge in law and economics. Five different investigations explored the behaviour of banking sector actors before, during, and after the 2008 financial crisis. These investigations revealed behaviours ranging from negligence to criminal acts. The interviews indicated that the perpetrators were individuals of high social status with significant influence, explaining why people are often not willing to testify against them. On the detection and prosecution front, the main challenges were fears among criminal investigators, prosecutors, judges, and others of retaliation from superiors, job loss, and being publicly lambasted in the media.
The participatory budgeting and the collaborative governance movement at the Hungarian local government level
Authors: Kovács Éva
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of participatory budgeting (PB) practices in Hungary by exploring the experiences of three local governments. The research specifically investigates the environmental conditions conducive to PB adoption, internal organizational factors influencing its success and the short- and long-term outcomes of the process. Although in well-developed democracies attributed with active local communities has a long tradition in participation and cooperation between government and citizens, the Hungarian context offers a unique examination of participatory budgeting (PB) due to the developing civil sector and historical mistrust between government and civil society. However, in the context of increasing governmental centralization, local initiatives advocating for citizen-driven budgets are emerging. This research explores the feasibility of implementing participatory budgeting in this challenging environment. The interplay of a fledgling civil sector, entrenched scepticism, and centralization provides a distinctive backdrop for understanding PB dynamics in Hungary.
Determinants of experiences and perceptions of corruption: A case study of Russian regions
Authors: Makarova Marina
Published: October 2024

In this article, the main determinants of experiences and perceptions of corruption in the Russian regions are analyzed. The research focuses on evaluating the determinants of corruption among ordinary people and business representatives in three regions of Russia. The main objectives of the research are: to reveal the relationship of individual characteristics and attitudes toward corruption with citizens’ actual experiences and perceptions of corruption; to learn how experiences and perceptions of corruption influence each other. The main conclusion is that the experience of corruption and its perception are interrelated. Those members of both the general public and the business community who perceive the prevalence of corruption to be high report experiencing corrupt practices more often than those who see a lower frequency of corruption. People who justify corruption are more likely to report encountering bribery and other low-level corruption practices. For business corruption, tolerance of corruption shows a significant link with perception of corruption, but not with real experiences of corruption. Social learning theory and victimization theory can explain the interdependence of perceptions and experiences of corruption in the Russian regions. The indicators of both perception and experience of corruption in the research can be used as indirect measures of corruption. Their interrelation in the same survey may also indicate their validity as instruments for measuring corruption.
The Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention on Countering Disinformation Moderated by Intellectual Humility
Authors: Gross Eduard-Claudiu , Balaban Delia Cristina
Published: October 2024

There is an ongoing debate among scholars on how to tackle disinformation. Media education initiatives to increase literacy are effective ways to counter disinformation. Hence, the European Commission (2022) published Guidelines for Teachers and Educators on Tackling Disinformation and Promoting Digital Literacy Through Education and Training. The present research looked at the role of social media literacy in increasing awareness of the role of social media in spreading disinformation. We developed an educational intervention based on the European Commission guidelines. We investigated its impact on perceived social media literacy, the intention to share fake news on social media, and general conspiracy beliefs. We conducted a within-subject (two times measurement: before the educational intervention and one week after) +1 experiment with N = 127 young adults (aged 18 to 23). After filling in an initial survey, the experimental group received a 15-minute educational intervention on the role of social media for disinformation dissemination in complex digital information environments. One week later, all participants completed the second survey to assess perceived social media literacy and general conspiracy beliefs. In both surveys, participants saw three Instagram posts from a fictitious media outlet to express potential intentions to share on social media. Among the three posts, two showed false information. Findings showed that educational intervention produces a significant increase in perceived social media literacy and a decrease in general conspiracy beliefs. Intellectual humility moderates the impact of educational intervention on algorithmic awareness.
The Modern Institution of the Prosecutor's Refusal to File Charges against a Suspect: Crisis of Authenticity of the Russian Criminal Process
Authors: Malina M. A.
Published: October 2024

The paper examines the issues of effectiveness and viability of the modern Russian institution of prosecutor’s refusal to bring charges. The author substantiates the conclusion that it is formed to a greater extent in the spirit of Anglo-Saxon legal logic, while neither normative nor doctrinal correlation with the basic principles of domestic criminal proceedings has been implemented. The legal institution in question is a vivid example of conceptual, axiological legal contradictions in the Russian criminal process, which makes it difficult to clearly define its modern model and the vector of its further development. For methodological purposes, the modern Russian institution of the prosecutor’s refusal to charge was analyzed in relation to the trial with the participation of jurors. This made it possible to more fully identify the relevant shortcomings and identify areas for improvement. As a result, the following conclusions were substantiated: it would be advisable to deprive the prosecutor’s refusal to bring charges of binding force for the Russian court. At the same time, the adversarial foundation of the trial is not limited here in any way, since the prosecutor should have the opportunity to convey his position to the court following the results of the judicial investigation. In general, the proposed approach will act as a reliable guarantee of the rights of the victim, including access to justice, and serve to ensure the constitutional right of Russians to participate in the administration of justice, strengthen the independence and completeness of the judiciary. As a result, using the example of the institute under study, we can talk about the need to return to the authenticity of Russian criminal proceedings in the spirit of continental legal traditions.
On the «Religion» of Morality: Reflections on the Normative Nature of Divine Law in the Concept of John Austin
Authors: Ivanov A. E.
Published: October 2024

Philosophical and legal thought knows a number of theoretical concepts devoted to a grandiose and   organic ethical and legal synthesis — the supreme unity of ethics and jurisprudence or reasoning about what is essential for law, supplemented by reasoning about what law should be. The joint task of these disciplines is to find and theoretically describe the best criteria available to the human mind for evaluating human actions. This principle of practical reasonableness, despite its incompleteness and relativity (for everything derived from man bears the signature of its own creator), would serve as a possible foundation stone for humanity in determining   and understanding the highest criterion for evaluating proper behavior that only exists in the world. These are divine laws and prescriptions of their norms, this highest link in any normative hierarchy. It is the divine mind, and not the mind of mortal beings, that is the true source of any duties, from the appeal to the content of which it is possible, resorting to a suitable ethical interpretation, to «deduce» (not directly, but from the «image» that the specified content acquired through human mental activity) all other forms of obligation in one or another normative system. A striking example of such a «normative» concept turns out to be the teaching of J. Austin, devoted, if we put aside the positivist or «command» theory of the author, to the basic principles of the relationship between law (including morality) and the laws of God, ultimately to the sphere of human moral forces and freedom.
Respect for Constitutional Rights of Individuals in Platform Economy
Authors: Rachkov V. R.
Published: October 2024

The paper dwells on the issue of respect for labor and social rights of individuals enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation in sectors of the economy that are partially or completely switching to activities in an economic model based on the use of digital platforms (platform economy). The strengths and weaknesses of this method of organizing activities for workers employed in the industries under consideration are elucidated in the context of both labor and civil law relations, including workers having the status of self-employed workers. The main possible reasons for the transition of economic entities to activities within the framework of the platform economy, including with a change in the nature of legal relations, are justified through a set of objective (economic and social) and subjective (related to the education, abilities and motivation of a potential employee) reasons. Avito.ru Internet platform is monitored to find job vacancies, within which ensuring the proper implementation of сonstitutional rights of citizens is possible exclusively within the framework of labor legal relations. The analysis of the conditions of employment offered by actual employers reveals typical potential and actual violations of human rights in relation to both an employee and third parties. Based on the results of the analysis of practice, the author offers a number of measures aimed at eliminating the identified prerequisites for violating the constitutional rights of citizens. In particular, the ban on attracting persons as self-employed to perform work or provide services that pose a threat of violation of their rights or the rights of third parties in the event of this activity outside the framework of labor legal relations, as well as the possibility of recognizing civil law relations between the actual employer and an individual in the status of self-employed actual labor relations.
Teste de Condutividade Elétrica Massal na Determinação da Viabilidade de Lotes de Sementes de Trigo-Mourisco
Authors: Barbieri Zini Priscila , Russi Nunes Ubirajara , Farias Menegaes Janine , Vasconcelos Dos Santos Cassiano , José Ludwig Eduardo , Gabordi De BastianiI Géssica
Published: October 2024

A condutividade elétrica massal é um teste que permite avaliar diferenças de vigor em lotes de sementes, por meio do nível de deterioração que as sementes se encontram. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a viabilidade de lotes de sementes de trigo-mourisco por meio do teste de condutividade elétrica massal, bem como ajustar a metodologia do teste para obter uma avaliação rápida e precisa da viabilidade dos lotes de sementes. Foram utilizados sete lotes de sementes de trigo-mourisco, caracterizados quanto ao grau de umidade, contagem de germinação aos 5 e 7 dias após a semeadura, comprimentos de raiz e parte área e massa seca de raiz e parte aérea. A condutividade elétrica foi avaliada sob diferentes quantidades de sementes (25 e 50), volumes de água (25, 50 e 75 mL) e períodos de embebição (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 24 h), nas temperaturas de 25 e 30 ºC. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Concluiu-se que a condutividade elétrica massal foi eficiente na discriminação de classes de vigor em lotes de sementes de trigo-mourisco. Em curtos períodos de avaliação de 1 a 2 h, já podem ser evidenciados a separação dos lotes que possuem mais alto vigor. Recomenda-se a utilização de 25 sementes em 50 mL de água na temperatura de 30 ºC para o teste de condutividade elétrica massal de sementes de trigo-mourisco.
Palavras-chave: Fagopyrum esculentum. Vigor de Sementes. Exsudatos. Deterioração.
 
Abstract
Mass electrical conductivity is a test that allows evaluating differences in vigor in batches of seeds, through the level of deterioration that the seeds are found. The objective of this work was to determine the viability of buckwheat seed batches  through mass electrical conductivity testing, as well as adjust the test methodology to obtain a quick and accurate assessment of the viability of seed batches. Seven batches of buckwheat seeds were used, characterized by moisture level tests, germination count at 5 and 7 days after sowing (DAS), root and aerial part lengths and root and aerial part dry mass. Electrical conductivity was evaluated under different quantities of seeds (25 and 50), volumes of water (25, 50 and 75 mL) and imbibition periods (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h), at temperatures of 25 and 30 ºC. The experimental design was completely randomized in split plots with four replications. It was concluded that mass electrical conductivity was efficient in discriminating vigor classes in batches  of buckwheat seeds. In short evaluation periods of 1 to 2 hours, the separation of the batches that have the highest vigor can already be seen. It is recommended to use 25 seeds in 50 mL of water at a temperature of 30 ºC to test the mass electrical conductivity of buckwheat seeds.
Keywords: Fagopyrum esculentum. Vigor. Exudates. Deterioration.
Salicylic Acid in the Physiological and Sanitary Quality of Corn Seeds
Authors: Rocha Tiago Mateus , Ferrazza Felipe Leandro Felipim , Nunes Ubirajara Russi , Muniz Marlove Fatima Brião
Published: October 2024

The exogenous application of salicylic acid has been used as a technique to minimize the harmful effects of salts on plants and improve the physiological quality of seeds. Thus, the objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid on the physiological and sanitary quality of corn seeds. The work was continuous in a completely randomized design, using the hybrid B2315PWU. The treatments were: Treatment 1 (Control), Treatment 2 (500 uM), Treatment 3 (1000 uM), Treatment 4 (1500 uM) and Treatment 5 (2000 uM). The following assessments were carried out: Cold test; first count; germination; seedling length (aerial and root parts); dry mass of seedlings and health test. Salicylic acid did not influence the first count (vigor), germination and cold test. Dry mass increased linearly with increasing salicylic acid concentration. At concentrations up to 1000 uM there was an increase in the aerial and root length of the seedlings. From control to a concentration of 1000 uM, salicylic acid contributes to the incidence of fungi in corn seeds. Physiological variables have a negative relationship with sanitary variables, that is, as the expression of the physiological quality of sensations improved, the incidence of fungi in the seed decreased.
Keywords: Zea mays L. Pathology. Physiology. Seedling.
 
Resumo
A aplicação exógena de ácido salicílico vem sendo utilizada como uma técnica para minimizar os efeitos deletérios dos sais sobre as plantas e como um propulsor da qualidade fisiológica de sementes. Assim, o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de ácido salicílico na qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de milho. O trabalho foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, utilizando o híbrido B2315PWU. Os tratamentos foram: Tratamento 1 (Testemunha), Tratamento 2 (500 uM), Tratamento 3 (1000 uM), Tratamento 4 (1500 uM) e Tratamento 5 (2000 uM). Foram realizadas as avaliações: Teste de frio; primeira Contagem; germinação; comprimento de plântulas (parte aérea e radicular); massa seca de plântulas e teste de sanidade. O ácido salicílico não influenciou na primeira contagem (vigor), germinação e teste de frio. A massa seca aumentou linearmente com o aumento da concentração de ácido salicílico. Nas concentrações até 1000 uM houve aumento do comprimento aéreo e radicular de plântulas. Da testemunha até a concentração de 1000 uM o ácido salicílico diminuiu a incidência de fungos em sementes de milho. As variáveis ​​fisiológicas têm relação negativa com as sanitárias, ou seja, à medida que melhora a expressão da qualidade fisiológica das sementes diminui-se a incidência de fungos na semente.
Palavras-chave: Zea mays L. Patologia. Fisiologia. Plântula.
Policy Analysis in Argentina. Nelson Cardozo & Pablo Bulcourf (Editors) (2023) Bristol: Policy Press & Bristol University Press, ISBN 9781447364900, pp. 370
Authors: Montenegro Germán
Published: October 2024

This book provides an overview of the state of research on the state, administration and public policies in Argentina, taking into account what is produced in different institutional spaces (Bourdieu, 2008). Universities, research centers, the different spheres of the state itself and the different civil society organizations that are oriented towards it are taken as axes. This allows for a broad map of the complexity of the issue to be shown. At the same time, the book offers a comparative perspective, since it is part of a much larger collection of twenty volumes to date.
Beyond Autonomy and Coercion. Recruitment Processes and Women’s Motivations for Joining Organized Crime in Mexico
Authors: Ospina-Escobar Angelica Maria
Published: October 2024

Analyzing 20 in-depth interviews with women who are former or active members of criminal groups, we describe some women’s motivations for joining and remaining in criminal groups and their recruitment process. Main motivations for joining criminal groups are a sense of belonging and recognition, access to financial resources and protection from violence or desire for revenge. Belonging to a criminal group provided the participants with agency and autonomy that they had not previously experienced. We conclude that joining criminal groups can be a way for women to escape gender-based violence and patriarchal norms. However, as structural machismo shapes their experiences within criminal groups, autonomy is an illusion, limited to the backing of male leaders who ultimately exert control over women’s lives.
The phenomenon of Balkanization as exemplified by the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913
Authors: Lenkiewicz Tomasz
Published: October 2024

Balkanization is defined as a political-geographical and political-legal term describing the complex specificity of the Balkan region. In particular, researchers point to the five most relevant phenomena and processes, the existence of which determines a holistic description of the concept. The Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 (their course and aftermath) led to significant political, social and economic changes in the Balkans, which implied: political-geographical fragmentation of the region as well as its separation and disintegration in political, cultural, economic dimensions. It should therefore be pointed out that they have had a significant impact in fully defining the definitional basis of the term “Balkanization”.
Contronyms and the Polish Case. The Categories of “the Other” and “one’s Own” in Wojciech Chlebda’s Ethnolinguistic Research
Authors: Czachur Waldemar , Wójcicka Marta
Published: October 2024

The article presents Wojciech Chlebda’s model of contronyms, developed through his analyses of the cultural concepts of Polska (Poland) and Europa (Europe) in Polish discourse, with a special attention to the identity-building function of the opposition “us/them” (“one’s own/the Other”). The three parts of the article are devoted to: the opposition “us/them” (“one’s own/the Other”) in ethnolinguistic research and discourse analysis, the contronymic division of the cultural concepts Polska and Europa, and the borderland as a space where the “us/them” opposition can be rendered void.
Wojciech Chlebda as an Ethnolinguist
Authors: Pajdzińska Anna
Published: October 2024

The article presents the ethnolinguistic research of Wojciech Chlebda (1950–2022), an eminent linguist, Polish and Slavic philologist. Attention is paid to the main lines of his research, including original insight and ideas he proposed relating to mental geography, collective linguistic memory and non-memory, as well as lexicography as a means of national self-identification.
Características epidemiológicas de los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal que consultan en el Departamento de Gastroenterología del Hospital de Clínicas, San Lorenzo, periodo enero del 2019 a diciembre del 2021
Authors: Ortiz-Martínez Jorge Luis , Pérez-Ortega Rodrigo Fabián , Miranda-Ojeda María Carolina , Riquelme Karina , Morales Greta
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La incidencia y la prevalencia de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) se han incrementado en los últimos años en varios países de Latinoamérica (RCU rectocolitis ulcerativa, EC enfermedad de Crohn y CI colitis inespecífica). Materiales y métodos: Describir las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes con EII que consultan en el Departamento de Gastroenterología del Hospital de Clínicas, periodo 2019 a 2021. Se encontraron 44 registros de EII, 2 casos fueron excluidos debido a los criterios de exclusión. Resultados: Se encontró una edad promedio de 38 años, 25 mujeres y 17 varones. La mayor parte no presenta comorbilidades relevantes ni antecedentes familiares. La frecuencia de consultas por EII fue de 1,92: 81% pacientes con RCU, 14,3% con EC y el restante 4,7% con diagnóstico de CI. Las manifestaciones intestinales más frecuentes fueron la diarrea, rectorragia y dolor abdominal. Entre las manifestaciones extraintestinales la más frecuente fue la colangitis esclerosante primaria. La presentación inicial de la RCU fue severa en 44,1% y leve en EC en 33,3%. La recaída luego del tratamiento fue de 50% (RCU 59,5% y EC 33,3%) debido principalmente al abandono de la medicación. Conclusión: la EII es más frecuente en pacientes jóvenes, del sexo femenino; el tipo más frecuente es la RCU. La mayoría de los pacientes con RCU inició la enfermedad de manera grave. En cambio, los pacientes con EC iniciaron de manera leve. La mitad de los pacientes recae en los síntomas en general por abandonar tratamiento.
Employment of Disabled Persons in Poland (Polish Report)
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Szablowska-Juckiewicz Marzena
Published: October 2024

The study concerns the issue of employing disabled persons in Poland. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland sets out framework obligations of public authorities (state and local) in the scope of protecting the rights of disabled persons in the field of employment. Detailed regulations in this scope are provided for in acts and regulations. The shape of solutions introduced by the Polish law maker is considerably influenced by the international and EU norms, in particular the solutions pertaining to equal treatment of disabled persons in employment and introduction of reasonable improvements for such persons in the workplace. The two major problems are the efficiency of the Polish system of support for the employment and vocational rehabilitation of disabled persons with public funds, and the smooth transition of disabled persons from studies to the labour market. The above mentioned areas require taking systemic measures.
Crisis y seguridad social
Authors:   Universidad Jaume I, Vicente Palacio María Arántzazu
Published: October 2024

El presente trabajo realiza un bosquejo de las últimas reformas operadas sobre la acción protectora del sistema de Seguridad Social para confirmar si se han operado cambios de tal intensidad que permitan concluir que nos hallamos ante una crisis de la misma, entendiendo este concepto desde la perspectiva de su capacidad, o no, para el desarrollo de la función que tiene atribuida. El trabajo toma en consideración las reformas legislativas operadas sobre el sistema en conjunción con los cambios que se están operando en la forma de prestación de servicios en la nueva sociedad post-capitalista.
Application of Transmedia Gamification to Motivate Scientific Writing in Engineering Students
Authors:   Departamento Académico de Literatura y Lingüística, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú, Núñez-Pacheco Rosa
Published: October 2024

This study reports on a pedagogical experience whose objective was to analyze the effect of transmedia gamification to motivate the initial development of scientific writing skills in engineering students. Various transmedia resources were employed, including the gamified platform ‘Call for Papers for Engineers’, Moodle platform, YouTube platform, Facebook social network, and various board games. The study is quantitative. The sample was intentionally selected, consisting of 80 engineering students from a Peruvian university. The analysis of the effect of the pedagogical experience on the motivation to publish a scientific article reveals a noticeable trend. It is concluded that the use of transmedia storytelling and gamified resources in teaching scientific writing has a positive impact on students.
Early Childhood Teacher Education Students’ Online Learning Readiness and Course Satisfaction: Best Service from the Indonesian Open University
Authors:   Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Terbuka, Tangerang, Indonesia, Aisyah Siti
Published: October 2024

Comprehensive online learning has been implemented in Indonesia, particularly in universities, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Universitas Terbuka is considered the most prepared institution for distance learning because it equips students with technology skills for education. Student satisfaction with learning is affected by the transition from traditional face-to-face instruction to online learning. Therefore, a survey was conducted to enhance the learning quality for students at Universitas Terbuka. This research aims to establish the relationship between online learning readiness and satisfaction with online courses among students enrolled in the Early Childhood Teacher Education program. This quantitative study employed a survey design with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis involving 286 participants. The results of PLS-SEM indicate that satisfaction with online courses is significantly influenced by several factors. Learning motivation (0.265) emerges as the most important predictor of online course satisfaction, followed by student control (0.257), computer/internet self-efficacy (0.210), online communication self-efficacy (0.159), and the independent learning factor (0.114). This information ensures that Universitas Terbuka Indonesia’s excellent services have helped distance students become better prepared for online learning and have supported the university in formulating strategic goals to achieve the highest quality of education.
E-Government Development on Control Corruption: A Lesson Learned from Singapore
Authors: Sukarno Mohamad , Rodriguez Mike Joy , Nursamsiyah Nursamsiyah
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine the success of e-government in controlling corruption in Singapore and the opportunities it offers in Indonesia. The research method used qualitative with a literature study. The EGDI indicators used to measure control of corruption are the “Online Service Index (OSI), Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII), and Human Capital Index (HCI)." The results showed that control of corruption in Singapore using the CPIB platform) e-complaint for corruption, e-booking for the learning journey, e-booking for public education talk, and e-application for extension of a bail bond in combating corruption. In addition, in human resources, Singapore also prioritizes aspects of competence and broad authority in controlling all aspects of bribery and artificial intelligence. In Indonesia, the control of corruption does not have a good EGDI because TII has not supported it in all government sectors, and the Corruption Agency (KPK) needs a strong AI. It needs to be improved by laws and regulations. In addition, in eradicating corruption, KPK human resources must have the competence and qualifications (meritocracy) because there are still many conflicts of interest. In terms of law, regulations in Singapore prioritize the independence of corruption eradication agencies to move without administration and investigation in all sectors. Then, the case of Indonesia demonstrates that the process of eradicating corruption cannot be carried out independently because of the administrative process involved when conducting investigations to the KPK Supervisory Board, which limits the discretion in combating corruption.
Синтез и исследование SIO2/C в качестве адсорбента, полученного из рисовой шелухи, для очистки воды
Authors: Бисенова М.А. , Идрисов Н.В. , Серік А.С. , Елеуов М.А. , Аскарулы К. , Кутербеков К.А. , Бекмырза К.Ж. , Кабышев А.М. , Kubenova M.M. , Кабдрахимова Г.Д.
Published: October 2024

В настоящее время существует острая необходимость в очистке сточных вод для их повторного использования. В этом контексте наибольший интерес вызывают адсорбенты, которые не только экономически выгодны, но и экологически безопасны, изготовлены из биоразлагаемых материалов и могут быть использованы повторно. В данной работе предложен экологически безопасный метод переработки рисовой шелухи в пористый оксид кремния для эффективного удаления органических загрязнителей. Морфология синтезированных образцов SiO2 и SiO2/C была исследована с помощью сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ), а кристаллическая структура – методом рентгеновской дифракции (XRD). Результаты показали, что адсорбент SiO2/C, полученный при 650 °С и массовой загрузке 200 мг/л, демонстрирует высокую эффективность по отношению к удалению органического красителя метиленового синего (МС), достигая процента удаления в 94,56% после 90 минут адсорбции. Максимальная адсорбционная емкость (qt) составила 49,27 мг/г при концентрации метиленового синего 5 мг/л. Кроме того, было исследовано влияние pH раствора на эффективность адсорбции МС и установлено, что оптимальный диапазон pH для адсорбции находится в пределах от 7 до 9. Полученные результаты подтверждают целесообразность использования данного композита в качестве потенциального и экономически доступного адсорбента для очистки воды.
Prediction of Modal Shift Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Akgöl Kadir , Mutlu Aydin Metin , Asilkan Özcan , Günay Banihan
Published: October 2024

Various public transport concepts have been developed to provide solutions to the ever growing problem of traffic in modern times. For instance, intelligent subscription bus service is one of them. This concept aims to provide a means of transport at near private car comfort as well as at near public transport cost. By this means, a shift from other modes of transport, especially private car, to public transport is aimed to encourage use of public transport. An artificial neural network model has been developed in this study to be able to calculate modal shift using three sources of data obtained from two questionnaire surveys conducted at Akdeniz University campus and a computer model's output (based on shortest route algorithms). The relationship between the results of the second questionnaire survey and the other data have been entered into Weka and Rapid Miner programs, the accuracy of this machine learning has been calculated and finally the modal shift originated by the intelligent subscription bus services has been estimated. The findings have yielded very reliable results which revealed the potential of applying the technique easily to similar problems.
Passive Collecting of Solar Radiation Energy using Transparent Thermal Insulators, Energetic Efficiency of Transparent Thermal Insulators
Authors: Sulejmanovic Smajo , Kunosic Suad , Hankic Ema
Published: October 2024

This paper explains passive collection of solar radiation energy using transparent thermal insulators. Transparent thermal insulators are transparent for sunlight, at the same time those are very good thermal insulators. Transparent thermal insulators can be placed instead of standard conventional thermal insulators and additionally transparent insulators can capture solar radiation, transform it into heat and save heat just as standard insulators. Using transparent insulators would lead to reduce in usage of fossil fuels and would help protection of an environment and reduce effects of global warming, etc.
The Reliability to Predict Threat in Social Networks
Authors: Larionovs Aleksandrs
Published: October 2024

During the analysis and study it will be possible to create and describe information damping mechanism for transition of threats from one user group to another (within the parameters of portraits), which is the main cause of the massively spreading threat on social networks. Threat predictability in social networks is associated with an adequate scrutiny of system and user portrait, which has a direct correlation.
Technical Analysis of MOOCs
Authors: Mihai Onița , Vlad Mihăescu , Radu Vasiu
Published: October 2024

Lately, the globalization and massification of higher education offer involved more and more e-learning techniques inside universities. The article brings a perspective on our analyses of different trends in online education, especially MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses). Our research raised some questions, which are answered in this article, such as: What are the most important players/MOOCs? How can educational video content be classified? We analyse the technological particularities of MOOCs and focus more on what we think to be one of the main pillars of e-learning, the video lectures, offering our findings, together with recommendations for future MOOC creators.