bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency general surgery models in Australia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kinnear Ned , Han Jennie , Tran Minh , Herath Matheesha , Jolly Samantha , Hennessey Derek , Dobbins Christopher , Sammour Tarik , Moore James
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveEmergency general surgery (EGS) patients experience superior outcomes when cared for within an acute surgical unit (ASU) model. EGS structures in most Australian hospitals remain unknown. This study aimed to describe the national spectrum of EGS models.
MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed of all Australian public hospitals of medium or greater peer group (>2000 patient separations per annum). The primary outcome was the incidence of each EGS model. Secondary outcomes were the relationship of the EGS model to objective hospital variables, and qualitative reasons for the choice of model.
ResultsOf the 120 eligible hospitals, 119 (99%) participated. Sixty-four hospitals reported using an ASU (28%) or hybrid EGS model (26%), whereas the remaining 55 (46%) used a traditional model. ASU implementation was significantly more common among hospitals of greater peer group, bed number, surgeon pool and trauma service sophistication. Leading drivers for ASU commencement were aims to improve patient care and decrease after-hours operating, whereas common barriers against uptake were insufficient EGS patient load or surgeon on-call pool.
ConclusionsASU or hybrid models of care may be more widespread than currently reported. The introduction of such structures is heavily dependent on hospital and staff size, trauma subspecialisation and EGS patient throughput.
What is known about the topic?Traditionally, general surgical staff were rostered to elective operating and clinic duties, with emergency patients managed on an ad hoc basis. An ASU model, with a surgeon dedicated to EGS patients, has been associated with superior outcomes. However, the Australian uptake of this model is unknown.
What does this paper add?This study enrolled 119 of 120 (99%) Australian public hospitals of medium or greater peer group (>2000 patient separations per annum). Uptake of the ASU or hybrid model was more widespread than expected, existing in 64 of 119 (54%) centres. Factors for and against ASU implementation were also assessed.
What are the implications for practitioners?Hospitals considering implementing an ASU or hybrid model will be reassured by the common reports of improved patient outcomes and decreased after-hours operating. However, potential hospitals must assess the suitability of the ASU model to their surgeon pool and EGS patient load.
Cow milking order and its influence on milk production in a pasture-based automatic milking system
Authors: Cullen B. R. , Weng H.-M. , Talukder S. , Cheng L.
Published: November 2020

Context
While several studies have documented the consistency of milking order and its association with milk yield in herds with conventional milking systems, there is limited data available on herds in the automatic milking systems (AMS) where cows move to the dairy voluntarily to be milked.

Aims
The present study was conducted to examine the consistency of milking order in AMS and its association with milk yield and cow characteristics.

Methods
The study was performed at The University of Melbourne Dookie Dairy in northern Victoria, Australia. The milking herd had up to 158 Holstein–Friesian cows in a pasture-based AMS with a three-way grazing system. The study utilised the individual-cow milking times, parity number, days in milk and data on daily production (milk yield in kilograms, fat and protein percentages and liveweight) from August 2017 till April 2018. Monthly milking order was determined for each milking session by ranking individual cows on the basis of their recorded time of milking.

Key results
A consistent milking order was observed with the order of cows at the beginning (percentile rank position 0–33) and end of the milking order (percentile rank position 68–100) being less variable than cows in the middle positions. Milking orders from any two consecutive months were highly correlated (P < 0.01). Energy-corrected milk yield was negatively associated with the milking position (5 of 9 months) and days in milk (8 of 9 months), but positively associated with parity number and liveweight (5 of 9 months). The cow factors such as energy-corrected milk yield, liveweight, parity and days in milk were poor predictors of milking order. This suggests that other factors such as health and social dominance might be of importance.

Conclusions
This observational study indicated that cows at the beginning of the milking order have a higher milk yield than do cows at the end of the milking order in pasture-based automatic milking systems.

Implications
Grazing-management strategies that allow cows at the end of the milking order to access fresh pasture are worthy of further investigation.
Primordial plasma: influence of non-ideality on equilibrium radiation
Authors: Trigger S A , Maslov S A
Published: November 2020

The asymptotic behavior of the equilibrium radiation in Maxwellian plasma is investigated for the region of low frequencies. It is shown, that already for a weakly non-ideal plasma the equilibrium radiation can essentially deviate from the Planck law. The deviation from the Planck distribution is described by the transverse dielectric permittivity which takes into account both frequency and spatial dispersion. The influence of plasma non-ideality increases with increase of the non-ideality parameter in the dielectric permittivity. The spectral energy distribution of the equilibrium radiation essentially changes in the region of possibly observable frequencies. At asymptotically low frequencies there is transfer from logarithmic to power behavior of the equilibrium radiation. The results indicate that in the primordial plasma of Early Universe the spectral energy distribution of radiation could be different than the Planck one.
Analyzing the period distribution of digital chaos with graph theory
Authors: Fan C L , Ding Q
Published: November 2020

The related characteristics of chaos are closely related to the basic concepts of confusion and diffusion in cryptography, which makes chaotic systems widely used in chaotic secure communication. However, when a chaotic system is implemented in a hardware device with finite calculation precision, its dynamic characteristics will be degraded to varying degrees due to the different calculation precision of the hardware device. The dynamic degradation of digital chaos will threaten the security of chaotic secure communication. To evaluate the performance of various digital chaotic maps, we proposed a universal period search algorithm (UPSA) that is based on graph theory with the purpose of analyzing the period distribution of digital chaos from a new perspective. The algorithm can calculate the maximal transient length, fixed points and periodic limit cycles (i.e. attractive basins) of digital chaos in finite-precision domains accurately. Furthermore, in order to test the versatility and effectiveness of our proposed algorithm, the periodic distribution and security of several typical digital chaotic maps are analyzed in detail. To a certain degree, UPSA can reduce the difficulty of cryptanalysis of digital chaotic ciphers and understand the network structures of functional graphs of digital chaos.
Potential SARS-CoV-2 protease Mpro inhibitors: repurposing FDA-approved drugs
Authors: Kouznetsova Valentina L , Huang David Z , Tsigelny Igor F
Published: November 2020

Using as a template the crystal structure of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, we developed a pharmacophore model of functional centers of the protease inhibitor-binding pocket. With this model, we conducted data mining of the conformational database of FDA-approved drugs. This search brought 64 compounds that can be potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 protease. The conformations of these compounds undergone 3D fingerprint similarity clusterization. Then we conducted docking of possible conformers of these drugs to the binding pocket of the protease. We also conducted the same docking of random compounds. Free energies of the docking interaction for the selected compounds were clearly lower than random compounds. Three of the selected compounds were carfilzomib, cyclosporine A, and azithromycin—the drugs that already are tested for COVID-19 treatment. Among the selected compounds are two HIV protease inhibitors and two hepatitis C protease inhibitors. We recommend testing of the selected compounds for treatment of COVID-19.
Thermally stable laser-driven phosphor converted white light source using multilayer structured diffuser system
Authors: Dubey Atul Kumar , Kumar Virendra , Gupta Mayank , Mehta Dalip Singh
Published: November 2020

We report the development of a thermally stable laser-driven phosphor-converted white light source using a multilayer structured diffuser system for general illumination. The developed extended diffuser system comprises an acrylic sheet, two glass plates, and a phosphor layer with the arrangement in a glass-acrylic-phosphor-glass combination. The high-power laser beam was gradually distributed inside the diffuser system for exciting the phosphor layer optimally without burning the resin and thermal quenching. The method is simple and efficient in which both the directionality and scattering properties of laser source are exploited using the transmission properties of diffusers. The high specular transmission of diffusers resulted in the optimum transfer of laser directional photons for exciting the middle section of phosphor layer, and the remaining laser photons were scattered from diffuser surfaces. The glass-acrylic combination results the refractive index inhomogeneity inside the system and helped to expand the scattered photons throughout the phosphor layer. The radiant power distribution of blue laser source inside the system resulted in synchronization between optimal absorption quantum efficiency and fluorescent conversion quantum efficiency of the phosphor layer. As a result, the thermal quenching effect on phosphor inside the white light system was minimized for efficient illumination. With this geometry, a bright and thermally stable white light source was realized due to the proper distribution of high-power laser throughout the system. The luminescence properties of the proposed laser-based white light system were examined and found thermally stable in terms of spectral changes, luminance, and correlated color temperature.
Reservoir computing approaches to microsleep detection
Authors: Weddell Stephen J , Ayyagari Sudhanshu , Jones Richard D
Published: November 2020

Objective. The detection of microsleeps in a wide range of professionals working in high-risk occupations is very important to workplace safety. A microsleep classifier is presented that employs a reservoir computing (RC) methodology. Specifically, echo state networks (ESN) are used to enhance previous benchmark performances on microsleep detection. Approach. A clustered design using a novel ESN-based leaky integrator is presented. The effectiveness of this design lies with the simplicity of using a fine-grained architecture, containing up to 8 neurons per cluster, to capture individualized state dynamics and achieve optimal performance. This is the first study to have implemented and evaluated EEG-based microsleep detection using RC models for the detection of microsleeps from the EEG. Main results. Microsleep state detection was achieved using a cascaded ESN classifier with leaky-integrator neurons employing 60 principal components from 544 power spectral features. This resulted in a leave-one-subject-out average detection in performance of φ = 0.51 ± 0.07 (mean ± SE), AUC− ROC = 0.88 ± 0.03, and AUC− PR = 0.44 ± 0.09. Significance. Although performance of EEG-based microsleep detection systems is still considered modest, this refined method achieved a new benchmark in microsleep detection.
Fungal Contamination of Air-conditioned Air Flow with Special Reference to Antifungal Activity of Eight Plant Oil Vapor Against Aspergillus Niger
Authors: Al-Bader Salah Mahdi , Osman Ardalan Abdulhameed , Hussainnagad Sahar
Published: November 2020

Modern buildings without air conditioning are unimaginable. This made them closely related to indoor air quality, especially microbial content. Filters and ducts of AC are colonized by microorganisms, and the air flowing from the AC will carry fungal structures that affect human health. Forty indoor air samples were collected by the plate exposure method from the air current of conditioners in classrooms/secondary school. Samples were collected at the start of operation (S1) and two hours after (S2). This study aimed to isolate and identify of fungi from AC air current, and analysis of the fungal community, as well as in vitro antifungal exam of eight oil vapor against Aspergillus niger. Oils of Hacinathus sp., Cymbopogon citratus, Myrtus communis, Eucalyptus sp., Laurus nobilis, Cinnamon sp., Rosemary officinalis, and Cyperus rotundus were used. Eight fungal genera were listed from a total of 355 fungal colonies: Aspergillus (4 sp.), Penicillium sp, Cladosporium sp, Mucor sp, Alternaria, Geotrichum, Candida, Rhodotorula, besides sterile mycelia. From S1 and S2 samples, 189 colonies (8 genera), and 83 colonies (5 genera) were recognized respectively. Aspergilli showed the highest occurrence of 100% and frequency76.4%. All examined vapor reduced growth of A. niger, C. citratus, Eucalyptus sp., and Cinnamon sp. oils gave the highest significant antifungal activity in comparison with control. It was realized that ACs are an effective source of indoor airborne fungi, and eco-friendly materials have shown significant antifungal activity. They can be the choice of the future.
A trial treatment of Hydatidosis in white mice by Immunization and Chemicals
Authors: Ali Waheeda Rashid , Ibrahim Amenah Abduljabbar
Published: November 2020

The present study was conducted as atrial to treat secondary hydatidosis in white mice of species Mus musculus. (Balb/c strain), experimentally infected with secondary hydatid cysts of sheep origin. The immunization process was carried by using CF/PS antigen which consist hydatid cyst fluid (CF) antigen, and protoscolices (PS) antigen mixed together and by using two concentrations 7.5, 15 mg/ml. Then derivatives of Benzimidazole, Mebendazole (M) and drugs Albendazole (A) were used 10 and 40 μm/gm body weight respectively. The mixture of drugs was used one week after challenged dose. Criteria taken into consideration to define the activity of the immunization and chemotherapy in this study were reduction in the numeral of cysts, the coefficient of split cells in spleen and boon marrow, and measurement cellular and humoral immune response. The results of the present consider demonstrated those portray the viability about immunization also chemotherapy all the while over decay those numeral of growing cyst, toward that perspective stately both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Those outcomes indicated raise those safe reactions that replicated diminish numeral Also breadth for hydatid growth. Those goal that viability of immunotherapeutic state over reversal those developing from growing hydatid cysts to mice.
Sugarcane of Rapid Multiplication by Callogenesis
Authors: Baday Saja. J. S.
Published: November 2020

The results showed that shoot apical meristem of sugarcane has the ability to stimulate and induction to callus in vitro by plant tissue culture. The results showed 2,4-D regulator 1.5 mg/L was more potent in the induction of the callus and callus subsequent growth. The effected interactions of auxin and cytokinin regulators were not significant with respect to the formation of callus. The best regeneration response was achieved by using growth regulators. In Co8371, best induction of the shoot response was found on MS medium with concentration of 1.0 mg/L BAP compared to Co85004. MS medium with the using of 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.25 mg/L Kinetin regulator exhibited best organogenesis responding.
Infection with Entamoeba histolytica and its effect on some blood parameters in Najaf City
Authors: Al-Shaibani Shurooq Wesam
Published: November 2020

The study was done in Al- Najaf Health Department \ Alforat Al-Awsat Hospital. The total number of examined patients were (80) for both sexes (males and females) in different ages (children’s and adults). The chosen patients had single infection with Entamoeba histolytica was diagnosed in 32(40%) stool samples from the total number examined. The results showed no significant differences between males (40%) and females (40%) in tested with parasites. The samples were recorded the average percentage in the cyst stages of E. histolytica at a higher rate, where it reached (87.5%) than the trophozoite stage of E. histolytica, where it reached (12.5%). There were significant differences at the level of p <0.05 when studying the effect of E. histolytica parasite in both stages (cyst and trophozoite) in some blood parameters (PCV, Lymphocyte, Granulocyte and Platelets count). Also, results showed a significant differences only in the cyst stage in (MCV, MCH and Monocyte) and there were no significant differences in the other blood parameters (Hb, WBC, RBCand MCHC) among the infected and non-infected person with E.histolytica parasite.
CRISPR/Cas9 design to knockout and knockin the breast cancer gene-BRCA1 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Khalil Mohammad Ibrahim
Published: November 2020

Arabisopsis thaliana is a model for many molecular and genetics research especially in human research, there are many genes in A. thaliana sharing them with human. BRCA1 is a gene related with breast cancer, any damage in it sequences may leads to raise the percentage of cancer tumor. AtBCRA1 a breast cancer gene in A. thaliana plant were obtain and blast from NCBI web tool and used for gene editing, a set of PCR primers were designed to detect this gene by using in- silico tools and simulate the PCR reaction and gel electrophoresis. As well as a gene editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9 were designed to knockout and knockin any mutation in the BRCA1 gene by designing sgRNA as a target site in DNA for CRISPR action with a set of primer to amplifying the target by using CHOPCHOP web tool. A good target sequences design is a very critical step in CRISPR/Cas9 technology success.
Biological efficacy of Metarrhizium anisopliae and Entomophothra muscae in biological control of Culex quinquefasciatus Say
Authors: Saady Rabah Hassan , Aleoia Haroon Hamed
Published: November 2020

The biological efficacy of of Metarrhizium anisopliae and Entomophothra muscae in the biological control of the first and fourth larval phases and adult male and female mosquitoes was studied. Culex quinquefasciatus Say Mosquito Breeding Cx. quinquefasciatus Say was conducted in the laboratory at a temperature of 25 ± 2 ° C, relative humidity 65 ± 5 of light a period of 12 hours / day the adult phase. He gave the fungus M. anisopliae at concentration of / 1 x 106 spore lml had the highest mortality ratio of 78.19% for the first larval age after 48 hours, while the suspension for E.muscae at concentration 1 x 106 sporel mlgave the highest mortality rate of 69.63% for the fourth larval age after 48 hours. M. anisopliae at concentration / 1 x 106 spore l ml highest mortality ratio 84.83% for the first larval age after 48 hours while the suspended for mushroom E. muscae at concentration 1 x 106 spore / ml gave the highest mortality rate 67.63% for the fourth larval age after 48 hours. The highest killing rate was 97.66% for males and 99.91% for females after 72 hours when using the concentration of 1 × 610 spore / ml of the fungus M. anisopliae, while the killing rate was 99.54% for males and 98.43% for females after 72 hours when concentrated / 1 x 106 spore l ml of for E.muscae fungus.
Biological activity of Pomegranate peels Punica granatum Silver nanoparticles AgNPs extract against Fourth larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Al-Husseini Maallah T. , Al-Mousawi Harith R. , Kadhim Naser Jawad , Al-Redaa Madhloom Ahmed Abd , Aziz Dhifaf Zeki , Kadhim Muha Azhar Jewad
Published: November 2020

Present study was included the assessment of biological activity of Pomegranate Peels Punica granaatum plant extract toward fourth Culex quinquefasciatus larvae mosquito (Order: Diptera, Family: Culicidae) by testing ethanolic and Silver nanoparticles extracts. Results of present study revealed that Silver nanoparticles extract was more toxic than ethanolic extract and the mortality rates were reached to 90 % after 72 h exposure time when it treated with 5 µg/ml compared to 0% at control treatments. Ethanolic extract also was toxic at concentration 5 µg/ml and mortality rates were reached to 80% after 72 h exposure time. Study of larvae after death showed that penetration of Silver nanoparticles extract was entered inside mid gut of larvae after damage of body wall. SEM analysis indicated to that more deformation found in body wall thus AgNPs were easily penetration through skin of fourth larvae. SEM analysis also was showed that Silver nanoparticles were clustered and irregular or oval shapes.
Preparing of granual inoculant of the fungus Trichoderma harzanium and Evaluation activity
Authors: Jabbar Ruaa A. , Aboud Hadi M. , Abdulrahman Abdulrahman A. , Saaod Hutham M.
Published: November 2020

This study was carried out in order to determine the possibility of using invalid wheat and rice grindery. Also, using the starch and reed to prepare an active formulation of the bio-control agent (Trichoderma hazanium) as well as to evaluate the efficiency of this formulations to control Fusarium wilt disease on cucumber plant( Cucumis sativus ) caused by Fusarium solani, after one month of storage in room degree. The results showed the efficiency of using Reed and Starch powder as a nutritive substrate to act as a carrier for the biological agent Trichoderma harzanium in a form of pellets where the values of flowers number, chloroplyle content, leaves number and plant height were (1.6, 9.2, 4, 17.5)/plant respectively for the reed carrier treatment. Also values were( 4.3, 9.9, 4, 21.1)/plant respectively for starch carrier treatment in compare to the control. Viability to control Fusarium wilt disease after storage for a month under room temperature, reached maximum value with the reed carrier were the average of the healthy plants reached(8.6) followed by starch carrier(8.3), in compare to the Fusarium solani (4.6).
Antinucleosome antibodies as new marker in early diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in comparison with other autoantibodies
Authors: Obaid Rana Fadhil , Mahmaud Taghreed Dheyaa , Obaid Rasha Fadhel , Mohamed Kareem Ghali
Published: November 2020

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder of the multisystem, a multifactorial disease with generalized persistent inflammation that can involve multiple tissues and organs. Nucleosomes are essential chromatin molecules, and are thought to be the main antigens in SLE pathogenesis. A case-control study was performed to show the relationship between antinucleosome antibodies and systemic lupus erythematosus in Najaf province. This study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology in the Faculty of Medicine- University of Kufa, for the period of (January 2018 to December 2018), subjects were included in present study, divided into three groups: SLE patient (30), RA patient (30), and Healthy controls(20). Anti-NCS antibodies, ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies were done for all individuals those included in this study. The findings of the current study showed that, in sera of SLE patients the mean level of antibodies against the following parameters NCS, ANA and ds-DNA were high in comparison with the mean levels of these parameters in sera of the normal control group (p<0.001). As well as, the levels of antibodies against NCS significantly higher in sera of the SLE group than in the rheumatoid arthritis RA (diseased control group) (p<0.001). On the other hand, the mean levels of antibodies against NCS were statically insignificant (p value 0.356) among the healthy individuals and the diseased control group. Anti-NCS antibodies have an important role in SLE diagnosis in comparison to other autoantibodies, and may have a role to predict the disease outcome.
Control measures of salmonellosis in eggshell and liquid eggs at sites Local egg production in Wassit Province
Authors: Mahdi Dunya Talib , Isa Jawad Kadhim
Published: November 2020

The contamination of eggshells and liquid eggs by Salmonella has been recognized as a community health trouble. The current study was undertaken to isolate and identify of Salmonella in eggshells and liquid eggs, study of the susceptibility to antibiotics, and study the factors that help control of salmonellosis for local egg production in Wassit province. The percentages of Salmonella prevalence in eggshells, liquid eggs and whole eggs were 27%,8%,35%, respectively. all six sites under subject were indicated to presence of salmonella. This study showed no correlation between the sites of eggs production and presence or absence of salmonella. There were significant differences (p< 0.05) between eggshells and liquid eggs with presence or absence of salmonella in egg samples. Salmonella isolates showed antibiotic susceptibility to gentamycin, moderate sensitivity to chloramphenicol, and resistance to other types of antibiotics. This study involving the investigation of salmonellosis restriction methods during production, storage, transportation and food processing and handling. Additional study is prerequisite to supply additional described checking techniques and knowledge systems to decrease the hazard of salmonellosis after egg ingestion.
The interaction effect of Salt stress and Lysine Concentrations in some properties of Fenugreek callus
Authors: Alreda Madhloom Ahmed Abd , Abd-Al-Hussan Ghofran Flaih , Kadhim Naser Jawad , Abass Mahsen Chelab , Header Harith Rajab , Talib Al-Hatami K. , Alwan Al-Hussain Maa Allah Turki , Aziz Dhifa Zeki
Published: November 2020

The callus induction by use 1.5mg/l of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) as auxin and 2mg/l of BA as cytokinins were added to MS medium that prepared as above before sterilize step. Sodium Chloride and Lysine effect on callus induction and growth of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.).Five concentration of Sodium Chloride Salts (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8) were added to the culture medium and five concentrations of lysine (0, 10, 20, 30and 40mg/l) added to cultured medium. Results showed that NaCl at (2g/l) increased callus induction, fresh weight, dry weight and potassium ions of callus. The study also showed that (2 g \l) of NaCl was signification increased Sodium and Chloride ions of callus. Lysine (Lys) effect on callus characteristics:-The treatment 40mg\l outperformed of the rest treatments including control by gave the highest values of callus fresh and dry weights, as well as ions, soluble carbohydrates
The Impact of IL-6 serum level on Tonsillitis and Tonsillectomy Patients infected with Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Faihan Wijdan Abdulameer , Darweesh Mayyada F.
Published: November 2020

Acute tonsillitis is a primary medical care consultation that may develop to recurrent tonsillitis (RAT), chronic tonsillitis and ~30% of patients require a tonsillectomy, which is associated with a high frequency of missed work or influence on quality of life The present study included 100 patients attending to Al-Saddar Medical city in ENT unit in Najaf governorate. The Patients were classified into two groups: seventy patients with tonsillitis who were subdivided into (36) as acute tonsillitis, (23) patients with chronic tonsillitis and (11) with recurrent tonsillitis as well as thirty patients with tonsillectomy. Swabs were taken from tonsil surface and from tonsil core then culturing on different media for 24 hours at 37 °C for bacterial growth and diagnosis by morphological, biochemical and Vitek 2 system, two ml of a venous blood sample was collected from each patient and control for ELISA testing to determine the level of IL-6. This study has shown that higher frequency of tonsillitis in males. The highest percentage of patients appeared with Grade 3 (33.6%), followed by Grade 2 (22.7%), in tonsillitis patients and Hrade 4, grade 3 in tonsillectomy patients. Also the age group of 1-10 years more frequency 34.4%. Culture investigation shows 16 (16%) swabs gave negative bacterial growth and 84 (84%) swabs gave positive bacterial growth from which about 108 isolates as poly and monobacterial growth (data not show). the 108 isolates appear that G+ ve bacteria recorded 88 (81.5%) with more frequency to S.pyogenes 35 (32.4%) isolates. The level of IL-6 highly increase in serum of tonsillitis and tonsillectomy patients compared with healthy controls. IL-6 serum level was highly increased among the patients in grade 3, 4 and highly significant increase in recurrent and chronic patients. As a result S.pyogenes is the most predominant bacterial agents in surface and core tonsillitis. IL-6 play important role in healing inflammation of tonsils.
Purification Techniques for Cheap Multi –Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Abbas Ahmed. M. , Abdulrazzak Firas H. , Radhi Israa M. , AbdulLatif Ahmed I. , Himdan Takialdin A. , Hussein Falah H.
Published: November 2020

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes from cheap tubs company MWCNT-CP were purified by alcohol \ H2O2 \ separation funnel which is simple, easy and scalable techniques. The steps of purification were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy SEM with energy dispersive of X-ray spectroscopy EDX and surface area measurements. The technique was succeeded to remove most the trace element from MWCNT-CP which causing increase the surface area. The ratios of impurities were reduced to less 0.6% after treatment by three steps with losing less than 5% from MWCNT-CP.
Spectrophotometric determination of trace amount of Vanadium in rise and flour using 1-[(4-antipyl azo)] 2-Naphthol as new chromogenic spectrophotometry
Authors: Khazal Hanaa , Mohammed Hussain.J. , Khazal Fatima
Published: November 2020

The study included follow-up of the interaction of the prepared reagent 1- (4 -Anti-pyrail-Azo) 2- naphthol (APANOL) with vanadium (V) ion, which gave a greater wavelength of absorption (533) nm as well as a study of the best conditions of the size and concentration of the reagent (1 × 10-3) molar and acidic function (pH = 3) and the stability of the complex for more than two hours and temperature from 10 to 40 degrees Celsius and the linearity range falls within the concentrations (0.10-4.00) ppm and correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9945) and the value of molar absorption coefficient ε (1.02 x 104) l. Mol-1 cm-1 and sandal allergy (0.004) micrograms cm-2. And determined the accuracy and accuracy of the analytical method followed using standard solutions of ion with a standard concentration of the reagent, so the frequency (RSD %) with respect to concentrations (2.00, 3.00) ppm of vanadium ion (V) equal to (0.9 and 0.9), Erel. %) Was equal to (0.2, 0.3) %
Synthesis and Characterization of Ni/Al-LDH nano hybrid with (Ascorbic acid) and Kinetic Controlled Release Study of (Ascorbic acid) From Ni/Al-LDH
Authors: Al-Khafaji Eussur
Published: November 2020

The study include synthesis of hybrids nanocompound through a process intercalation of ascorbic acid in Ni/Al –LDHs by direct and indirect ion exchange. Nano layer, which make it has high ability to build up the useful ascorbic acidinter the layers direction on the human body. To limited the side effect of high concentration of ascorbic acidin human body. Characterization of this compound by X-Ray diffraction technique and FT –IR spectrophotometer before and after intercalation formation of nano compound, then cooperation to sure the form hybrid nanocompound and the two and three dimensional image of the above compound in (AFM) for the nano compound. The results showed the release of hybrids to specific liquids in different (Na2CO3, Na2SO4 ) concentration (0.5)M by direct ion exchange method. On the other hand the whole process is subject to model by pseudo-second order rate expression according to Lagregrans equation. It has been studied the percentage of rate release for both anionic (Ascorbic acid) from Ni/Al –LDHs. The results were as follows: High percentage of release in different liquid follows this arrangement: Na2CO3> Na2SO4. The result explains the ratio control release of anion from nanolayerhybrid prepare by indirect ion exchange process more hourly than release anion from nanolayershybridprepared by direct ion exchange.
Synthesis and spectral analysis of some metal complexes with mixed Schiff base ligands 1-[2-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)ethyl]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (HL1) and (2-hydroxybenzalidine)glycine (HL2)
Authors: Mahmoud Waleed A. , Hassan Zainab M. , Ali Russel W.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, new metal ions complexes of [chromium (III), iron (III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and cadmium(II)] were prepared from mixed Schiff base ligands 1-(2-aminoethyl) pyrrolidine-2,5-dione ligand which was prepared form the reaction of the succinic anhydride with ethylenediamine then reacted with salicyaldehyde to form a new Schiff base ligand1-[2-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)ethyl]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
(HL1)
. The amino acid (glycine) was reacted with salicyaldehyde to form another new Schiff base ligand (2-hydroxybenzaldine)glycine
(HL2)
. The two types of Schiff bases ligands
(HL1)
,
(HL2)
were mixed with some metal ions [(Cr+3, Fe+3, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2 and Cd+2)] to obtain a new metal complexes. The Schiff base ligands were characterized by physic-chemical spectroscopic techniques such as: FT-IR Spectra, UV-Vis. Spectra, mass spectroscopy, 1HNMR and microanalysis techniques (C.H.N). Which is indicated the purity of Schiff base ligands. The fragments of the prepared free Schiff base ligand
(HL1)
were identified by mass spectrometer technique. The metal complexes were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as: FT-IR Spectra, UV-Vis. Spectra, molar conductivity, magnetic moment and microanalysis techniques (C.H.N) and chloride ion percentage. All the analysis of ligands and their metal complexes were in good agreement with the theoretical values which indicated the purity of Schiff base ligands and their metal complexes. From the above data, the molecular structures for all the metal complexes were proposed to be octahedral. The values of magnetic moments showed that all metal complexes are paramagnetic except cadmium (II) complex which is diamagnetic. The values of molar conductivity also appeared that all metal complexes are non-electrolytic nature except iron (III) complex which is electrolytic.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Mixed Ligand Metal Salts Complexes with Various Ligands
Authors: Obaid Shatha M. H. , Jarad Amer J. , Salih Al-Hamdani Abbas Ali
Published: November 2020

Metal (III) and (II) coordination compounds of o- phenylenediamine, oxalic acid dihydrate and 8-hydroxyquinoline were synthesized for mixed ligand complexes and characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis and mass spectra, atomic absorption, elemental analysis, electric conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. In addition, thermal behavior (TGA) of the metal complexes (1-6) showed good agreement with the formula suggested from the analytical data. The stoichiometric reaction between the metal (III) and (II) ions with three various ligands in molar ratio at aqueous ethyl alchol for (1:1:1:1) (M: O-PDA: OA: 8-HQ) [where M = Cr+3, Mn+2, Co+2, Ni+2. Cu+2 and Zn+2; O-PDA = O-Phenylenediamine; OA = Oxalic acid and 8-HQ = 8-Hydroxyquinoline]. Resulted in the formation of six – coordinate octahedral geometry was suggested for metal complexes (1-6). The ligands and complexes were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Steptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Psedomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans by the agar well diffusion method. Mostly, the results shown a significant increase in antibacterial and antifungal activity of the metal complexes (1-6) compared to ligands.
Biological Activity of Anthraquinone Compounds of the Alcoholic Extract Propolis
Authors: Hussein Mustafa Abdulkadhim , Smesam Hasan , Risan Al-Iessa Lamia Abdultef , Arjmand Sareh
Published: November 2020

Different products from a unique Propolis extract, Propolis (bee glue), of resinous consistency produced by bees, has been used as indigenous medicine for the treatment of several diseases in some contrary. Safety assessment of propils extract with respect to antimicrobial activity against three bacterial isolates, Proteus Mirabilis, Klebsiella Pneumonia and Staphylococcus Qureus. The result showed that the main composition of the extract was Anthraquinone, the last one was responsible for biological activity of the extract. FT-IR, UV results showed more than eight peaks for represent the main fine composition of the extract. The present study also showed that the extract has antibacterial activity against three bacterial isolates
Nanochitosan grafting sodium alginate improve loading and release of the antibiotic ‘streptomycin’, for drug release applications
Authors: Jasim Basma Esam , Mageed Zainab Naief , Al-Garawi Zahraa S.
Published: November 2020

Streptomycin is an antibiotic contains phenol and an amino group. It is a water-soluble and widely used in agriculture and livestock husbandry. At a high dose, streptomycin could be used in the early treatment of tuberculosis. This work aimed to use a copolymer of nanochitosan grafting Na-alginate as a carrier of streptomycin and study the kinetics of release. Chitosan and Na-alginate are natural polysaccharides, which are biocompatible and applicable in conventional pharmaceutics for drug delivery carrier. Na-alginate (1% w/v) was mixed with nanochitosan (0.13 gm.) and streptomycin (0.1 gm.) was loaded in a total concentration up to 0.1% w/v. The loaded co polymer was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-visible, SEM/EDS analyses. Results indicated that streptomycin has successfully loaded onto Na-alginate-nanochitosan. The release kinetics of streptomycin loaded at co-polymer nanochitosan-Na-alginate were compared with that of streptomycin loaded at nanochitosan alone. Buffer solutions with different pHs (pH 9.4, 7.4 and 1.2) at l max 275 nm and 37 °C were applied. Results showed that the basic medium (pH 9.4) has improved the release property of streptomycin from Na-alginate-nanochitosan more than that from nanochitosan. Thus, the co-polymer nanochitosan grafting Na-alginate is a promising candidate for drug release applications.
Investigation of Anticancer Drug Activity 5-Fluorouracil and Some Analog Derivatives by QSAR: Theoretical Study
Authors: Ibrahim Alamery Razzaq Abd Al-Zahra , Abed Suhail Falah Shareef , Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem
Published: November 2020

Theoretical measurements of pharmaceutical compound 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) drug and some analogue derivatives were achieved by DFT method with B3LYP/6–311G as a standard basis set. Series of 5-FU derivatives have a different activities (the minimum effective concentration; C), were studied depending on geometrical properties. Then, the straight line equations (Y= a X ∓ b) and square root of correlation factor (R2) can be extracted by plot of effective concentration logarithm [log (1/C)] for 5–FU derivatives versus each one of geometrical properties. This matter led to correct the geometrical properties of 5-FU derivatives and formulating of quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) by Hansch model. The final general mathematical equation of QASR as a function of geometrical properties can be concluded by using wolfram alpha program, as empirical equation between theoretical activity and these properties of 5-FU derivatives. The empirical equation of QASR was tested by substitution a theoretical values of geometrical properties to extract theoretical activity of 5-FU derivatives. A high correlation factor between theoretical and particular activities (R2 = 0.9998) of derivatives made matter more acceptable to estimate the activity of new derivatives (synthesized or suggested). So, a new drugs of 5-FU derivatives as a pyrimidines were selected and the theoretical activities were calculated by QSAR–Hansch model as a function of the geometrical properties. The extracted results of a new derivatives shown how can the increase of minimum effective concentration in a new designed derivatives of 5-FU drug (as a starting martial).
Synthesis of dithiolene compounds from xanthydrole
Authors: Thamer Ahmed , Taher Salim Wisam , Aqeel Rashid Muslim Farah
Published: November 2020

In this search may hatarocyclic compounds contain sulfur atoms e been prepared by reacting the di thiocarbamate derivatives with alfa –haloketones the compounds identified by melting point, FTIR, HNMR and C13 NMR
Spectral and cyclic voltammetry studies of chloro-salicyliden aniline and some of its complexes with Co(II) and Mn(II)
Authors: Abbas Salih Hamza , Ali Murad Diyar Mohammad , Abbas Hayat Hamza
Published: November 2020

The qualitative information about the interaction between 2-{[p-chlorophenylimino]methyl}phenol as attracting chelating Schiff base ligand (HL) with cobalt(II) and manganese(II) ions have been discussed by using the data of spectroscopy (IR, UV-Visible) and 1H NMR resonance techniques. The electrochemical properties of these species have been carried out by using cyclic voltammetry studies to see the differences in the potential and activity behavior during and after the electron transfer process. The cyclic voltammetry behavior of ligand exhibited an irreversible one-electron transfer and redox diffusion-controlled process due to the linearity relationship between redox peaks current and square root of scan rates. The cyclic sweep for CoL and CoL2 complexes appeared two irreversible oxidation peaks but with different values and positions, while the cyclic sweep of MnL and MnL2 complexes appeared several redox peaks, which related to the formation of various manganese redox species. All complexes had a deviation of current and potential to more anodic values when the cyclic sweep was applied at different scan rates. A positive shift was observed for CoL2 and MnL2 complexes may be to the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing properties of phenyl substituted group.
Synthesis of Nano curcumin Via Sol-Gel / Ultrasonic Processors Route and Improving their properties by Microwaves-Induced Plasma
Authors: Mazhir Sabah N. , Ali Alyaa H. , Kadhim Quraish A. , Majeed Neean F.
Published: November 2020

Turmeric or Curcuma is a natural creation, whose therapeutic properties have been widely studied and an extensive variety of therapeutic effects on several diseases. Nano curcumin particles were prepared by Vibra-Cell™ Ultrasonic Liquid Processors device. The particles are characterized by scanning probe microscope (SPM) and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectrophotometer). The results confirm that the prepared Nano curcumin has mean diameter 82 nm. The prepared Nano curcumin is exposed to plasma to enhance the properties of their Nano particle the result is improve the enhanced characterization.
Characterization and antibacterial of Gold Nanoparticles Prepared by Electrolysis method
Authors: Jabbar Mushtak A. , Abd Ahmed N. , Taklan Aeman Kh. , Habubi Nadir F.
Published: November 2020

In this study gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was prepared by electrolysis method Au thin film which was deposited on a glass substrate by drop-casting technique structural, optical and topographic characteristic of prepared nanoparticles were examined by UV-VIS absorption, TEM electron microscopy, AFM atomic microscopy, and XRD diffraction. Antibacterial activity of nanoparticles has been investigated against many pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, bacillus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using a well-spread method, and the results showed that nanoparticles have an inhibitory effect against all types of pathogenic bacteria For diseases. And 30 and 25 mm) for aerosols, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.
Advanced nano membrane for an alkaline Fuel Cell
Authors: Mohammed Haleemah J. , Ali Nathera A. , Jwad Basheer H. , Ali Mutaur R
Published: November 2020

Structural and optical properties were studied as a function of Nano membrane after prepared, for tests. Nano membrane was deposited by the spray coating method on substrates (glass) of thickness 100 mm. The X-ray diffraction spectra of (CNTs, WO3) were studied. AFM tests are good information about the roughness, It had been designed electrolysis cell and fuel cell. Studies have been performed on electrochemical parameters.
CdO/FTO Schottky photodetector with enhanced spectral responsivity and Specific detectivity prepared by electrolysis method
Authors: Abd Ahmed N. , Abdullah Muhaj Talib , Rahi Saad Khalid , Habubi Nadir F.
Published: November 2020

One of the important materials for applications in many photoelectric filed [just like solar cell, optoelectronic and other kinds on devices] is cadmium oxide thin films. There are several physical or chemical synthetic methods have been used to prepare transparent CdO films as described by many researchers. The X-ray diffraction study has confirmed the formation of CdO with nano-size scale. For this research CdO/FTO thin film has been prepared by electrolysis. The thin film is investigated by XRD, SEM and AFM surface morphology properties. XRD analysis showed that CdO films are a polycrystalline and exhibit cubic crystal structure with (111, 200, 311 and 222) orientation and the preferred orientation is 111. AFM and SEM were applied to study the morphology and estimate the surface roughness of the films obtained. (RMS) found that film roughness was 21.7 nm. The CdO film are n-type semiconductors and possess a direct optical band gap around 2.4 eV as shown in optical property studies.
Study of electrical and gas sensing characteristics of (TiO2/rGO) nanocomposite to NH3 sensor application
Authors: Alnayli R. Sh. , Khadayeir Abdulhussain A. , Dayekh Manar Lo. , Hakim Zeena
Published: November 2020

TiO2/rGO nanocomposite is synthesized by using pulsed laser ablation in liquid method, the UV–VIS absorption spectra and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) TiO2/rGO) nanocomposites reveal absorption spectra in ultraviolet region and that the particles were in an aggregated state shrubbery, showed AFM image the size of each image showed that the membrane materials and through the two-dimensional and three-dimensional examines are homogeneous, noting that there are no spaces in the surface. Electrical properties of the nanocomposite improved markedly with bare TiO2NPs, without significantly changing the morphology of the TiO2NPs. Ammonia-sensing acts for (TiO2/rGO) layered film tackled. Sensing behavior of the (TiO2rGO) nanocomposites examined under the 100 ppm of NH3 environment. The (TiO2/rGO-1) nanocomposite clarified a high reaction to NH3 gas (48 %) in room temperature.
Acoustic Fiber Sensors by Fabry- Perot Interferometer technology
Authors: Chyad Radhi M. , Ali Alaa H. , Hammed Ahmed A. , Mahdi Bushra R. , Khalef Nhaya H. , Mahmoud Aseel Ibrahim , Rasheed Hadeel M.
Published: November 2020

A diaphragm-based Fapry-Perot interferometry (FPI) fiber optic sensor that uses a super luminescent emitting diode (SLED) source was designed and tested for on-line detection of the acoustic waves. The single-mode fiber (SMF) and a diaphragm use as sensors, SMF captured in a glass tube to form an extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI). Investigation fallouts show that this optical fiber acoustic-optics sensor is suitable and efficient for sensing acoustic signals by the vibrated diaphragm and the advantage fiber has a high bandwidth and sensitivity.