bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Surprised Loser
Authors: Hollander Barry A.
Published: July 2014

People tend to predict their preferred political candidate will win an election. The resulting “surprised losers” are examined as playing a role in the established gap between electoral winners and losers on such important outcomes as trust in government and satisfaction with the electoral process and democracy. Exposure to Fox News programming can increase wishful thinking among Republican candidate supporters, but among surprised losers, it does not increase negative attitudes.
Explained Variance Measures for Multilevel Models
Authors: LaHuis David M. , Hartman Michael J. , Hakoyama Shotaro , Clark Patrick C.
Published: July 2014

One challenge in using multilevel models is determining how to report the amount of explained variance. In multilevel models, explained variance can be reported for each level or for the total model. Existing measures have been based primarily on the reduction of variance components across models. However, these measures have not been reported consistently because they have some undesirable properties. The present study is one of the first to evaluate the accuracy of these measures using Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, a measure based on the full partitioning of variance in multilevel models was examined. With the exception of the Level 2 explained variance measure, all other measures performed well across our simulated conditions.
Influence of cylinder liner vibration on lateral motion and tribological behaviors for piston in internal combustion engine
Authors: Meng FM , Wang XF , Li TT , Chen YP
Published: July 2014

The influence of cylinder liner vibration on the lateral motion and tribological behaviors for the piston in an internal combustion engine is investigated using an extended secondary motion equation for the piston. By solving this equation and other associated equations with the Broyden algorithm and finite difference method, the vibration effect on the piston behavior is revealed. Numerical results show that the cylinder liner vibration can result in fluctuations in the dynamic and tribological performances of the piston, especially at the expansion stroke of an internal combustion engine. The fluctuations decay with increasing mass, stiffness and damping of the cylinder. There exists a critical rotational speed of internal combustion engine changing the above fluctuations. In addition, the averaged friction power assumption for the piston skirt increases due to the vibration.
An assessment of the Caribbean tourism organization’s collaborative marketing efforts
Authors: Hill Nicole St. , Lewis Acolla
Published: July 2014

With a heavy dependence on tourism and unrelenting challenges on the horizon, Caribbean nations are called to collaborate for their survival. This is a trend being observed globally as various nation groupings are banding together for the success of their tourism industries. With the responsibility of steering tourism in the region, the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) has the task of representing all of its member nations and the particularly critical task of marketing them as a region. That being considered, this study aims at examining the effectiveness of the collaborative marketing efforts of the CTO. To aid this assessment, CTO’s member nations were contacted and, those who were willing, interviewed. Palmer’s (2002) study on marketing effectiveness was consulted and from this the measures of effectiveness were obtained and further applied to the interview protocol. Similarity among members, reciprocity, governance style and commitment were the variables used to determine member nations’ views on the effectiveness of the CTO’s collaborative marketing initiatives. Using framework analysis, the data received were analysed and further interpreted. It was found that the marketing initiatives of the CTO are effective insofar as its members are committed but ineffective in that governance is doubted, reciprocity is pegged as minimal and the dissimilarity among member nations fuels perceptions of inequity. In light of the issues revealed, recommendations were made that can be considered by both the CTO and its member nations for the overall development of the Caribbean region.
An economic analysis of a nurse-led telephone triage service
Authors: Navratil-Strawn Jessica L , Ozminkowski Ronald J , Hartley Stephen K
Published: July 2014

Telephone nurse lines help callers to select the most appropriate site and level of care for acute conditions. We examined whether compliance with nurse recommendations was associated with lower average health care expenditure, and identified the employer characteristics associated with higher than average savings. Telephone calls to a nurse-led help line made by commercial health plan members who worked for large employers were identified. The callers’ intention before calling and the nurse recommendation regarding site/level of care were recorded. Compliance was determined using medical claims during a 30-day post-call observation period and was based on adherence to nurse recommendations. A total of 132,509 calls during 2012 were identified for the study. Nurse recommendations were that 31% of the callers seek a higher level of care than mentioned at the start of the call, 25% use a lower level of care and 44% pursue their originally intended level of care. After regression-based adjustment, the average medical expenditures were compared between compliers and non-compliers. Overall, 57% of callers were compliant with nurse recommendations. The average expenditures were $328 lower among compliant callers. A logistic regression analysis identified employer characteristics positively associated with achieving higher than average savings. These were having a low employee-to-dependent ratio, a headquarters in the Western region of the US, a low prospective health risk score, and participation by the employer in a targeted communication campaign. Compliance with the triage recommendations resulted in lower average health care expenditures, and several characteristics were positively associated with achieving higher savings.
Photographing physical activity: using visual methods to ‘grasp at’ the sensual experiences of the ageing body
Authors: Orr Noreen , Phoenix Cassandra
Published: July 2014

Within the sociology of sport there is a small but rich strand of literature concerned with understanding the sensual experiences of sport and physical activity. Whilst this work has advanced our understanding of the sensual sporting body, less is known about the mature sporting body and the sensual experiences of older adults. Gaining an insight into the sensual experiences of others is no easy task and this article critically reflects on the methods used to ‘grasp at’ (Hockey and Allen-Collinson, 2007) older adults’ embodied experiences of physical activity. An account of the process and outcomes of the method employed is presented along with visual and textual data to illustrate the problems and possibilities of exploring the sensual experiences of the ageing body within the context of physical activity.
Single versus repetitive injection of lignocaine in the management of carpal tunnel syndrome – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Akarsu S. , Karadaş Ö. , Tok F. , Gül H. Levent , Eroğlu E.
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of single versus repetitive injection of lignocaine into the carpal tunnel for the management of carpal tunnel syndrome. The 42 patients included were randomly assigned to two Groups: group 1 was injected with 4 mL of 1% lignocaine once and Group 2 was injected with 4 mL of 1% lignocaine twice a week for 2 weeks. Clinical and electrophysiological evaluations were performed at the study onset, and at 6 and 12 weeks following the final injection.

Initially, the groups were similar with respect to clinical and electrophysiological findings. All parameters in Group 2 improved 6 weeks post treatment ( p < 0.05), and these improvements persisted at 12 weeks post treatment ( p < 0.05). Repetitive local lignocaine injection was effective in reducing the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome and improving electrophysiological findings.
Is opiate action in cough due to sedation?
Authors: Dickinson Rebecca S. , Morjaria Jaymin B. , Wright Caroline E. , Morice Alyn H.
Published: July 2014

Objectives:

Opiates have been used for cough suppression for centuries. It is unclear whether this antitussive action is due to their known sedative effects. We aimed to assess correlation between cough suppression and opiate usage.

Methods:

We performed a post hoc analysis of two published trials with three opioids. In study one, patients with chronic cough were treated with 4 weeks of modified release morphine sulphate (5 mg twice daily) or placebo in a double-blinded placebo-controlled fashion. Cough suppression was assessed subjectively by the Leicester Cough Questionnaire and objectively by citric acid aerosol (CAA) induced cough challenge. In study 2, normal volunteers were given single doses of placebo, codeine 30 mg or dextromethorphan 50 mg and cough suppression assessed using the CAA-induced cough challenge. Sedation was contemporaneously assessed by direct questioning.

Results:

There were 14 episodes of patient-reported sedation; 2 with modified release morphine sulphate, 9 with codeine and 3 with dextromethorphan. There was no correlation between change in the Leicester Cough Questionnaire or the CAA-induced cough challenge and reported sedation.

Conclusion:

This observational study suggests that sedation is unlikely to underlie the antitussive properties of these opioids. Eliciting the mechanism of these medications in cough may be a target for future tailored drug development.
Ἀντιτάσσομαι in Hosea 1.6 (LXX): Its Label of “Lexical Error” Reconsidered
Authors: Kabergs Valérie
Published: July 2014

This contribution re-evaluates ἀντιτασσόμενος ἀντιτάξομαι–אשׂא אשׂנ in LXX and MT Hos 1.6. While commentators have tried to clarify the link between the Greek and Hebrew readings by referring to a different Hebrew Vorlage, BHQ labels the reading as a “lexical error” for which the LXX translator should be held responsible. Neither of these explanations, however, accounts for the possibility that the LXX rendering could have been caused by the translator’s exegesis. This article characterizes the reading as a contextually appropriate translation and thereby acknowledges the exegetical work of the Greek translator.
The Verbal Forms in Haggai 1.8-9
Authors: Rogland Max
Published: July 2014

This article seeks to clarify the interpretation and translation of several verbal forms in Hag 1.8-9. It argues that וּבְנוּ in v. 8a is an indirect volitive expressing purpose. While v. 9a’s פנה is best understood as past-referring, it argues that the following והבאתם הבית has an imperatival or injunctive force urging the people to bring what little they have to offer to the temple. Finally, it is argued that ונפחתי בו in v. 9b is not only future-referring but is also a positive expression of acceptance, referring to the Lord’s “blowing” upon the fires of the temple altar.
Past, Present, and Future Research Avenues for Metformin
Authors: Sparkes Steven T. , Patel Dhiren K. , Goldman-Levine Jennifer D.
Published: July 2014

Objective: To review why metformin is considered first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and review newer avenues of research currently being evaluated. Data Sources: The Cochrane Library and Medline (to January 2014) were searched for case–control and cohort studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses involving metformin for any indication. Study Selection and Data Extraction: The literature search found 5 major avenues of research for metformin: reduction in mortality, delayed-onset or prevention of T2DM in the presence of prediabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and decreased cancer risk. When available, multi-center, double-blind, controlled clinical trials or meta-analyses thereof were selected for review. If these types of studies did not exist, other types of studies were chosen for review. Data Synthesis: Metformin significantly decreases all-cause and diabetes-related mortality in overweight and obese patients with T2DM. It may also decrease risk of progression to T2DM in patients with prediabetes. Metformin has been studied for the treatment of NAFLD though data are limited. Metformin alone or combined with clomiphene may increase pregnancy and ovulation rates but has not yet been shown to increase live-birth rates in patients with PCOS. Metformin may decrease risk of colorectal cancer but not all-cancer risk. Conclusions: Metformin’s clinical role in T2DM and prediabetes is well established. Other avenues of research being evaluated at this time are NAFLD, PCOS, and reduced risk of cancer; more data are needed before it has a clinical role in these indications.
Hydroniumjarosite, (H3O)+Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6, from Cerros Pintados, Chile: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopic study
Authors: Plášil J. , Škoda R. , Fejfarová K. , Čejka J. , Kasatkin A. V. , Dušek M. , Talla D. , Lapčák L. , Machovič V. , Dini M.
Published: July 2014

The natural hydroniumjarosite sample from Cerros Pintados (Chile) was investigated by electron microprobe, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy (Infrared and Raman). The chemical composition of studied specimens (wt.%, mean of seven analyses) obtained from electron microprobe (in wt.%): Na2O 1.30, K2O 0.23, CaO 0.04, Fe2O350.49, Al2O30.37, SiO20.33, SO333.88, H2O (calculated on the basis of Σ(OH–+H3O+) deduced from the charge balance) 13.32, total 99.98, corresponds to the empirical formula (H3O)0.77+(Na0.20K0.02)∑0.22(Fe2.95Al0.03)∑2.98(OH)6.12[(SO4)1.97(SiO4)0.03]∑2.00(calculated on the basis of S + Si = 2 a.p.f.u. (atoms per formula unit)). The studied hydroniumjarosite is trigonal, with space groupRm, witha= 7.3408(2),c= 17.0451(6) Å andV= 795.46(4) Å3. The refined structure architecture is consistent with known jarosite-series minerals, including synthetic hydroniumjarosite. However, in the current study the presence of H3O+is well documented in difference Fourier maps, where characteristic positive difference Fourier maxima, with apparent trigonal symmetry, were localized in the vicinity of the O4 atom in the channel-voids of the structure. The structure of natural hydroniumjarosite, including the H atoms, was refined toR1= 0.0166 for 2113 unique observed reflections, withIobs>3σ(I). The present structure model, which includes the position of the H atom within the hydronium ion, is discussed with regard to the vibration spectroscopy results and earlier published density-functional theory (DFT) calculations for the alunite-like structure containing H3O+.
Franconite, NaNb2O5(OH)·3H2O: structure determination and the role of H bonding, with comments on the crystal chemistry of franconite-related minerals
Authors: Haring M. M. M. , McDonald A. M.
Published: July 2014

The crystal structure of franconite, NaNb2O5(OH)·3H2O, has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction using material from Mont Saint-Hilaire, Québec, Canada. Results givea= 10.119(2),b= 6.436(1),c= 12.682(2) Å and β = 99.91(3)° and confirm the correct space group asP21/c. The crystal structure, refined toR= 4.63% andwR2=11.95%, contains oneNasite, two distorted octahedralNbsites and nineOsites. It consists of clusters of four edge-sharing Nb(O,OH)6octahedra, linked through shared corners to adjacent clusters, forming layers of Nb(O,OH)6octahedra. These alternate along [100] with layers composed of NaO(H2O)4polyhedra, the two being linked together by well defined H bonding. The predominance of H bonding, essential to the mineral, results in a perfect {100} cleavage. Chemical analyses (n= 7) of four crystals give the empirical formula (Na0.73Ca0.13☐0.14)∑=1.00(Nb1.96Ti0.02Si0.02Al0.01)∑=2.01O5(OH)·3H2O (based on nine oxygens) or ideally NaNb2O5(OH)·3H2O. Franconite is crystallo-chemically related to SOMS [Sandia Octahedral Molecular Sieves; Na2Nb2−xMxO6−x(OH)x·H2O with M = Ti, Zr, Hf], a group of synthetic compounds with strong ion-exchange capabilities. Both hochelagaite (CaNb4O11·nH2O) and ternovite (MgNb4O11·nH2O) have X-ray powder diffraction patterns and cation ratios similar to those of franconite indicating that these minerals probably have similar structures.
Belakovskiite,
Na7(UO2)(SO4)4(SO3OH)(H2O)3,
a new uranyl sulfate mineral from the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County,
Utah, USA
Authors: Kampf A. R. , Plášil J. , Kasatkin A. V. , Marty J.
Published: July 2014

The new mineral belakovskiite (IMA2013-075),
Na7(UO2)(SO4)4(SO3OH)(H2O)3,
was found in the Blue Lizard mine, Red Canyon, White Canyon district, San
Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as a secondary alteration phase in
association with blödite, ferrinatrite, kröhnkite, meisserite and
metavoltine. Crystals of belakovskiite are very pale yellowish-green
hair-like fibres up to 2 mm long and usually no more than a few mm in
diameter. The fibres are elongated on [100] and slightly flattened on {021}.
Crystals are transparent with a vitreous lustre. The mineral has a white
streak and a probable Mohs hardness of ∼2. Fibres are flexible and elastic,
with brittle failure and irregular fracture. No cleavage was observed. The
mineral is readily soluble in cold H2O. The calculated density is
2.953 g cm−3. Optically, belakovskiite is biaxial (+) with α =
1.500(1), β = 1.511(1) and γ = 1.523(1) (measured in white light). The
measured 2V is 87.1(6)° and the calculated 2V is 88°. The mineral is
non-pleochroic. The partially determined optical orientation is
X ≈ a. Electron-microprobe analysis
provided Na2O 21.67, UO3 30.48, SO3 40.86,
H2O 6.45 (structure), total 99.46 wt.% yielding the empirical
formula
Na6.83(U1.04O2)(SO4)4(S0.99O3OH)(H2O)3
based on 25 O a.p.f.u. Belakovskiite is triclinic, P, with a = 5.4581(3),
b = 11.3288(6), c = 18.4163(13) Å, α =
104.786(7)°, β = 90.092(6)°, γ = 96.767(7)°, V =
1092.76(11) Å3 and Z = 2. The eight strongest
X-ray powder diffraction lines are [dobs Å(I)(hkl)]: 8.96(35)(002),
8.46(29)(011), 5.19(100)(01,101,10),
4.66(58)(013,02,0,110), 3.568(37)(120,023,005,03), 3.057(59)(06,15,31),
2.930(27)(multiple) and 1.8320(29)(multiple). The structure, refined to
R1 = 5.39% for 3163 Fo > 4σF reflections, contains
[(UO2)(SO4)4(H2O)]6−
polyhedral clusters connected via an extensive network of
Na−O bonds and H bonds involving eight Na sites, three other H2O
sites and an SO3OH (hydrosulfate) group. The 3-D framework, thus
defined, is unique among known uranyl sulfate structures. The mineral is
named for Dmitry Ilych Belakovskiy, a prominent Russian mineralogist and
Curator of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum.
Chemical variability in wakabayashilite: a real feature or an analytical artifact?
Authors: Bindi L. , Bonazzi P. , Zoppi M. , Spry P. G.
Published: July 2014

Wakabayashilite is a rare mineral with ideal formula [(As,Sb)6S9][As4S5]. Its structure consists of an [M6S9] bundle-like unit (M = As, Sb) running along the [001] axis and [As4S5] cage-like molecules. In this study, samples of wakabayashilite from different occurrences (Khaidarkan, Kyrgyzstan; Jas Roux, France; White Caps mine, USA; Nishinomaki mine, Japan) were selected to verify the possible presence of different molecular groups replacing the As4S5molecule. Given the chemical (electron probe microanalysis-wavelength dispersive spectroscopy), spectroscopic (micro-Raman) and structural (single-crystal X-ray diffraction) results obtained, it appears evident that only the As4S5molecular group is present in the wakabayashilite structure and that the apparent non-stoichiometry reported in literature is actually due to unreliable chemical analyses. The structural role of the minor elements (Cu, Zn and Tl) in wakabayashilite is also discussed.
Trace element composition of quartz from different types of
pegmatites: A case study from the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif
(Czech Republic)
Authors: Breiter K. , Ackerman L. , Ďurišova J. , Svojtka M. , Novák M.
Published: July 2014

The evolution of the trace-element patterns of quartz during crystallization
of pegmatite melt was investigated using laser ablation inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry. The contents of Al, B, Ba, Be, Cr, Fe, Ge, Li, Mn,
P, Rb, Sn, Sr and Ti were analysed in quartz from the border, intermediate
and core zones of four granitic pegmatites differing in degree of
fractionation and origin. The material investigated originates from the
pegmatite district of the Strážek Unit, Moldanubian Zone, Bohemian Massif,
Czech Republic and includes: lepidolite LCT (Li-Cs-Ta) pegmatite from Rožná;
berylcolumbite LCT pegmatite from Věžná; anatectic pegmatite from Znětínek;
and intragranitic NYF (Nb-Y-F) pegmatite Vladislav from the Třebíč Pluton.
The abundances of the elements analysed varied over wide intervals: <1 to
32 ppm Li, 0.5 to 6 ppm B, <1 to 10 ppm Ge, 1 to 10 ppm P, 10 to 450 ppm
Al, 1 to 45 ppm Ti and <1 to 40 ppm Fe (average sample contents).
Concentrations of Be, Rb, Sr, Sn, Ba, Cr and Mn are usually <1 ppm.
Quartz from LCT pegmatites exhibits a distinct evolutionary trend with a
decrease in Ti and an increase in Al, Li and Ge from the pegmatite border to
the core. In comparison with the most fractionated rare-metal granites,
pegmatitic quartz is relatively depleted in Al and Li, but strongly enriched
in Ge. Quartz from simple anatectic and NYF pegmatites is poor in all trace
elements with their evolution marked by a decrease in Ti and a small
increase in Ge. There is little Al or Li and neither shows any systematic
change with pegmatite evolution. Using the Ti-in-quartz thermobarometer, the
outer zones of the Znětínek and Vladislav pegmatites crystallized at ∼670°C,
whereas the border zone in the Rožná pegmatite yields a temperature near
610°C.
Single-crystal neutron diffraction and Raman spectroscopic study of hydroxylherderite, CaBePO4(OH,F)
Authors: Gatta G. D. , Jacobsen S. D. , Vignola P. , McIntyre G. J. , Guastella G. , Abate L. F.
Published: July 2014

The crystal structure, H bonding and chemical composition of hydroxylherderite from the Bennett pegmatite, Buckfield, Oxford County, Maine, USA were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and neutron Laue diffraction, electron microprobe analysis in wavelength-dispersive mode, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and polarized Raman spectroscopy [Ca(Na0.01Ca1.01)∑1.02Be(Be0.98Li0.01)∑0.99P(Si0.03P0.98)∑1.01O4(OH0.67F0.33)∑1,Z= 4,a= 9.7856(5),b= 7.6607(5),c= 4.8025(3) Å, β = 90.02(3)°,V= 360.02(4) Å3, space groupP21/a]. The neutron-structure refinement converged with fully anisotropic displacement parameters to give a final agreement indexR1= 0.0363 for 85 refined parameters and 1614 unique reflections withFo>4σ(Fo). The structure refinement was used to determine the H position and geometry of H bonding in the structure. OneHsite was found on theO5 anion with an O–H interatomic distance, corrected for “riding motion”, of 0.996(2) Å. The H bond of hydroxylherderite is bifurcated withO2 andO4 acceptors forming H bonds withO5⋯O2 = 3.163(1) Å,H⋯O2 = 2.544(2) ÅandO5–H⋯O2 = 121.8(1)°;O5⋯O4 = 3.081(1) Å,H⋯O4 = 2.428(2) Å andO5–H⋯O4 = 124.4(1)°. The highly non-linear O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds in hydroxylherderite and in the isotypic datolite [ideally CaBSiO4(OH)] are constrained by the tetrahedral network topology. Two main O–H stretching modes were observed in the Raman spectra at 3565 and 3620 cm–1, which are attributed to the bifurcated H bond. Two additional weak bands at 3575 and 3610 cm–1are attributed to Si–P disorder in the tetrahedral sites. Results of this study will contribute to the correlation of H-bonding geometry and O–H stretching frequencies of highly non-linear H bonds.
Arsenic-bearing new mineral species from Valletta mine, Maira Valley, Piedmont, Italy: I. Grandaite, Sr2Al(AsO4)2(OH), description and crystal structure
Authors: Cámara F. , Ciriotti M. E. , Bittarello E. , Nestola F. , Massimi F. , Radica F. , Costa E. , Benna P. , Piccoli G. C.
Published: July 2014

The new mineral species grandaite, ideally Sr2Al(AsO4)2(OH), has been discovered on the dump of Valletta mine, Maira Valley, Cuneo province, Piedmont, Italy. Its origin is related to the reaction between the ore minerals and hydrothermal solutions. It occurs in thin masses of bright orange to salmon to brown coloured crystals, or infrequently as fan-like aggregates of small (<1 mm) crystals, with reddish-brown streak and waxy to vitreous lustre. Grandaite is associated with aegirine, baryte, braunite, hematite, tilasite, quartz, unidentified Mn oxides and Mn silicates under study.

Grandaite is biaxial (+) with refractive indices α = 1.726(1), β = 1.731(1), γ = 1.752(1). Its calculated density is 4.378 g/cm3. Grandaite is monoclinic, space groupP21/m, witha= 7.5764(5),b= 5.9507(4),c= 8.8050(6) Å, β = 112.551(2)°,V= 366.62(4) Å3andZ= 2. The eight strongest diffraction lines of the observed X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [din Å, (I), (hkl)]: 3.194 (100)(11), 2.981 (50.9)(020), 2.922 (40.2)(03), 2.743 (31.4)(120), 2.705 (65.2)(112), 2.087 (51.8) (23), 1.685 (24.5)(321), 1.663 (27.7)(132). Chemical analyses by electron microprobe gave (wt.%) SrO 29.81, CaO 7.28, BaO 1.56, Al2O37.07, Fe2O32.34, Mn2O31.88, MgO 1.04, PbO 0.43, As2O544.95, V2O50.50, P2O50.09, sum 96.95; H2O 1.83 wt.% was calculated by stoichiometry from the results of the crystal-structure analysis. Raman and infrared spectroscopies confirmed the presence of (AsO4)3−and OH groups. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 9 O a.p.f.u., in agreement with the structural results, is (Sr1.41Ca0.64Ba0.05Pb0.01)∑=2.11(Al0.68Fe0.143+Mn0.123+Mg0.13)∑=1.07[(As0.96V0.01)∑=0.97O4]2(OH), the simplified formula is (Sr,Ca)2(Al,Fe3+)(AsO4)2(OH) and the ideal formula is Sr2Al(AsO4)2(OH).

The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and found to be topologically identical to that of arsenbrackebuschite. The structure model was refined on the basis of 1442 observed reflections toR1= 2.78%. In the structure of grandaite, chains of edge-sharingM3+octahedra run along [010] and share vertices with T5+tetrahedra, building up [M3+(T5+O4)2(OH, H2O)] units, which are connected through interstitial divalent cations. Grandaite is named after the informal appellation of the province where the type locality is located. The new mineral was approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (IMA2013-059). The discovery of grandaite and of other members of the group (description still in progress) opens up the possibility of exploring the crystal chemistry of the brackebuschite supergroup.
Erratum to: Genome-wide mutational landscape of mucinous carcinomatosis peritonei of appendiceal origin
Authors: Alakus Hakan , Babicky Michele L , Ghosh Pradipta , Yost Shawn , Jepsen Kristen , Dai Yang , Arias Angelo , Samuels Michael L , Mose Evangeline S , Schwab Richard B , Peterson Michael R , Lowy Andrew M , Frazer Kelly A , Harismendy Olivier
Published: July 2014

No abstract.
Performance of locally available bulking agents in Newfoundland and Labrador during bench-scale municipal solid waste composting
Authors: Kazemi Khoshrooz , Zhang Baiyu , Lye Leonard M , Lin Weiyun
Published: July 2014

Background

Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) has one of the highest waste disposal rates in Canada and it has 200 small communities without access to central composting facilities. During Municipal solid waste (MSW) composting, the selection of bulking agents is critical. Bench-scale composting systems plus locally available bulking agents are thus desired for economic and effective MSW management in NL communities. This study evaluated the performance of locally available bulking agents (i.e., NL sawdust and peat) during MSW composting in a bench-scale system. Physiochemical (temperature, oxygen uptake rate, pH, electrical conductivity, moisture and ash content, and C/N ratio) and biological (enzyme activities and germination index) parameters were monitored to evaluate compost maturity and stability.

Results

In peat composting, higher temperature for a longer duration was observed, indicating more effective pathogen removal and sterilization. High enzyme activities of dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, and phosphodiesterase in the third week of composting imply high microbial activity and high decomposition rate. The low C/N ratio for compost product implies acceptable stability states. In sawdust composting, higher temperature and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) were observed in the third week of composting, and higher enzyme activities in the second week. Sawdust composting generated a higher germination index, indicating higher maturity.

Conclusions

Both sawdust and peat are effective bulking agents for the bench-scale composting. The choice of a bulking agent for a particular community depends on the availability of the agent and land in the region, convenience of transportation, price, and the expected quality of the compost product.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Raw Meat in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Prevalence at an Abattoir and Retailers and Antimicrobial Susceptibility
Authors: Bekele Tizeta , Zewde Girma , Tefera Genene , Feleke Aklilu , Zerom Kaleab
Published: July 2014

Background

Although raw meat and its products are commonly consumed in traditional Ethiopian diets, E. coli O157: H7 is rarely studied compared to other countries. Thus the present study has been designed to determine the prevalence and assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli O157: H7 isolated from beef, sheep meat and goat meat at one abattoir and in 48 selected raw meat retail shops in Addis Ababa.

Results

Out of 384 meat samples examined, 10.2% (39/384) were positive to E. coli O157:H7. Among these samples examined, beef was the most frequently contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 with an overall prevalence of 13.3% (17/128) followed by 9.4% (12/128) sheep meat and 7.8% (10/128) goat meat. With regard to meat source, the prevalence rates of E. coli O157:H7 at the abattoir and the selected retail shops were 5.7% (11/192) and 14.6% (28/192), respectively. Significant differences in prevalence was observed among sample sources (p < 0.05). The antimicrobial susceptibility investigation of 39 E. coli O157:H7 isolates using 10 commercially available antimicrobial discs revealed that the isolates were susceptible to nine antimicrobials from 69.3% to 100% except streptomycin which showed susceptibility of 48.7%. An overall resistance of 33.4% and 30.9% was recorded to streptomycin and amikacin, whereas 5.1%, 5.1%, 7.7%, 12.8% and 17.9% resistance rates were recorded against nalidixic acid, tetracycline, amoxacilin-clavulanic acid, cephalothin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Multidrug resistance was observed among amikacin, amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin and tetracycline antimicrobials drugs.

Conclusions

The isolation of E. coli O157:H7 in raw meat and the existence of antimicrobial resistant isolates highlight the potential threat to public health. Hence implementation of E. coli O157:H7 prevention and control strategies from farm production to consumption of meat and meat products are crucial.
BAG3 Promoted Starvation-Induced Apoptosis of Thyroid Cancer Cells via Attenuation of Autophagy
Authors: Li Si , Zhang Hai-Yan , Wang Tian , Meng Xin , Zong Zhi-Hong , Kong De-Hui , Wang Hua-Qin , Du Zhen-Xian
Published: July 2014

Context:

BAG3 plays a regulatory role in a number of cellular processes. Recent studies have attracted much attention on its role in activation of selective autophagy. In addition, we have very recently reported that BAG3 is implicated in a BECN1-independent autophagy, namely noncanonical autophagy.

Objective:

The current study aimed to investigate the potential involvement of BAG3 in canonical autophagy triggered by Earle's Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS) starvation.

Setting and Design:

Replacement of complete medium with EBSS was used to trigger canonical autophagy. BAG3 expression was measured using real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. Autophagy was monitored using LC3-II transition and p62/SQSTM1 accumulation by Western blot, as well as punctate distribution of LC3 by immunofluorescence staining. Cell growth and apoptotic cell death was investigated using real-time cell analyzer and flowcytometry, respectively.

Results:

BAG3 expression was potently reduced by EBSS starvation. Forced expression of BAG3 suppressed autophagy and promoted apoptotic cell death of thyroid cancer cells elicited by starvation. In addition, in the presence of autophagy inhibitor, the enhancing effect of BAG3 on apoptotic cell death was attenuated.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that BAG3 promotes apoptotic cell death in starved thyroid cancer cells, at least in part by autophagy attenuation.
Core-imprinted Star Polymers via Living Radical Polymerization: Precision Cavity Microgels for Selective Molecular Recognition
Authors: Terashima Takaya , Kojima Hironori , Sawamoto Mitsuo
Published: July 2014

Core-imprinted star polymers with precision cavity microgels were designed by living radical polymerization with molecular imprinting for selective molecular recognition. The key is to employ NaI-bearing poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate as a template linker during the linking process of poly(methyl methacrylate) arms with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; Na-imprinted PEG loop cavities are thus effectively created within microgels. As a result, the star polymer encapsulated NaI 15 times more selectively than KI under competitive conditions.
Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on the Formation of Silver Nanoparticles by Biphotonic Reduction of Silver Nitrate in Water
Authors: Qazi Umair Y , Kajimoto Shinji , Fukumura Hiroshi
Published: July 2014

Nanocubes (NCs) were found to be produced by the irradiation of nanosecond UV pulses to an aqueous solution of silver nitrate. The photoproduct was turned to nanospheres (NSs) when irradiated with a certain amount of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The SDS concentration to alter the photoproduct from NCs to NSs was about ten times lower than the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of SDS, which implies that a single layer of SDS adsorbed on silver surfaces assisted the growth of NSs.
Combining low sampling frequency smartphone sensors and video for a Wearable Mobility Monitoring System
Authors: Wu Hui-Hsien , Lemaire Edward , Baddour Natalie
Published: July 2014

A proof-of-concept Wearable Mobility Monitoring System (WMMS) was developed to identify daily activities and provide environmental context, using integrated BlackBerry Smartphone low sensor and video data. Integrated accelerometer data were used to identify mobility changes-of-state (CoS) in real-time, trigger BlackBerry video capture at each CoS, and save activity outcomes on the Smartphone. System evaluation involved collecting WMMS output and (separate) camcorder video under realistic conditions for five able-bodied subjects.  The subjects each performed a consecutive series of mobility tasks; including, walking, sitting, lying, stairs, ramps, elevator, bathroom activities, kitchen activities, dining activities and outdoor walking. Activity, timing and contextual information were obtained from the camcorder for comparison. Sensitivity results for sensor-based CoS identification were 97-100% for standing, sitting, lying and taking an elevator; 67-73% for walking-related CoS (stairs, ramps); 40-93% between walking and small movements (brushing teeth, etc.); and below 27% for daily living activities. False positives occurred in less than 12% of all activities, with less than 5% false positives for half the measures. Better classification results were achieved when using both acceleration features and Smartphone integrated video for all activities except sitting. The evaluation demonstrated that the WMMS algorithm and BlackBerry platform were effective for detecting mobility activities, even with low sampling rate sensors. The combined sensor and video analysis enhanced mobility task identification and contextual information.
Information and Communication Technologies as Means of Teacher�s Self-Education and Self-Development
Authors: ���������  , Kuznetsova O. , ���������  , Merkulova Nadezhda
Published: July 2014

In conditions of insufficient experience related to the use of modern information technologies, limited arsenal of methodical practices, educational resources, remote courses, allowing to master FSES innovations, innovative technologies, and apply them professionally in educational activity, teachers have to conduct search of new forms and professional development methods, to pass to collective forms of professional self-education themselves. For this purpose it is necessary to expand teachers� communicative opportunities significantly: they have to participate and to create network communities themselves, to use teleconferences, thematic forums, social networks to initiate various ways of interaction for purposeful generalization and experience exchange, joint professional development on the basis of web technologies use. Development of the information and communication educational environment on web resources basis, and methodical aspects of professional selfeducation creation are one of perspective directions of the higher professional pedagogical education, which importance will constantly increase in this environment.
Information and Communication Technologies� Means Application in Future Subject Teacher�s Vocational Training Improvement
Authors: ��������  , Kulikova T. , ���������  , Poddubnaya N.
Published: July 2014

A problem of future subject teachers training in conditions of Federal State Educational Standards introduction for various steps of an education system in Russia has been considered in this paper. For teacher�s ICT competence development a training program has been offered and a course �ICT Technical Means in Subject Teacher�s Professional Activity� has been developed. The course consists of two modules: �ICT Technical Means and Their Pedagogical Opportunities� and �Network Technologies and Their Application in Educational Process�. An electronic educational and methodical complex which structure is presented in this paper, being educational and methodical maintenance of this course, has been developed for training process efficiency increase. Preparation results indicators, control�s forms and methods, allowing to define a level of trainees� knowledge and abilities have been offered for the purpose of control and assessment related to training course materials� assimilation extent on two substantial modules. It has been shown that the developed course�s educational and methodical providing allows to optimize the future subject teachers� training process in higher education institution and also in system of professional development and professional retraining of pedagogical workers for the purpose of their professional competence formation in the area of ICT technical means use in educational process.
ASP, The Art and Science of Practice: A (Very) Short Course in Suboptimization
Authors: Camm Jeffrey D.
Published: July 2014

Sometimes being suboptimal is best. Cuts to the unit hypercube, as Balas and Jeroslow discuss [Balas E, Jeroslow R (1972) Canonical cuts on the unit hypercube. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 23(1):61–69], provide a simple approach to generating alternative optima and (or) providing a family of suboptimal solutions for one’s clients to consider. In this paper, I discuss how to generate useful suboptimal solutions using Balas and Jeroslow’s cuts to the unit hypercube and why clients are willing to pay for them.
Competition in Portfolio Management: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Asparouhova Elena , Bossaerts Peter , Čopič Jernej , Cornell Brad , Cvitanić Jakša , Meloso Debrah
Published: July 2014

We explore theoretically and experimentally the general equilibrium price and allocation implications of delegated portfolio management when the investor–manager relationship is nonexclusive. Our theory predicts that competition forces managers to promise portfolios that mimic Arrow–Debreu (AD) securities, which investors then combine to fit their preferences. A weak version of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) obtains, where state prices (relative to state probabilities) implicit in prices of traded securities will be inversely ranked to aggregate wealth across states. Our experiment broadly corroborates the price and choice predictions of the theory. However, price quality deteriorates when only a few managers attract most of the available wealth. Wealth concentration increases because funds flow toward managers who offer portfolios closer to replicating AD securities (as in the theory), but also because funds flow to managers who had better performance in the immediate past (an observation unrelated to the theory).

This paper was accepted by Jerome Detemple, finance.
Optimization for Multiclass Residential Location Models with Congestible Transportation Networks
Authors: Ying Jiang Qian
Published: July 2014

There has been extensive research on the optimal design of road congestion pricing schemes based on traffic network equilibrium models. Since travel demands are closely related to the locations of workplace and residence, it is of both theoretical and practical importance to extend the optimization approach to treat location choices as well as travel route choices.

This paper addresses the problem of optimal location of housing supply and transportation network pricing in an integrated location and transportation model with heterogeneous households that have different values of travel time. In the model, housing exhibits external economies and diseconomies of scale, depending on the population density in residential zones. It is shown that in such a model the marginal cost pricing principle applied to internalize these externalities in general results in local optima of social surplus. Optimization algorithms based on sensitivity analysis are proposed to find combinations of housing supply patterns and road tolls that optimize social surplus under various conditions. A numerical example is given to illustrate the proposed method. The potential policy implications of the optimization approach are examined and compared with that of the marginal cost pricing principle.
Enhancing nurse-patient communication: a critical reflection
Authors: Farrington Naomi , Townsend Kay
Published: July 2014

Patients with cancer can easily become overloaded with information about diagnosis, prognosis, treatments and side effects. One of a nurse's most important roles is to help patients and their families make sense of this, providing support and information through their cancer journey. However, many barriers exist, including the nurse's own knowledge limitations, time constraints and the patient's engagement with the nurse. This paper uses critical reflection to evaluate an incident from clinical practice involving a patient with prostate cancer suffering from a distressing side effect of treatment: urinary incontinence following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The paper examines nurse-patient communication, and evaluates how nurses can use communication strategies to minimise patient distress. Practical approaches to managing urinary incontinence are also discussed. This paper demonstrates that critical reflection is a valuable learning process that can alter clinical nursing practice to provide the best care for people with cancer.
Tackling one thing at a time
Authors: Freshwater Ed
Published: July 2014

Ed Freshwater shares his thoughts on procrastination, avoidance, and how tricks from cognitive behavioural therapy might just be adapted to cope with another form of anxiety—not knowing where to start with that huge pile of reading material
Recognising air embolism as a complication of vascular access
Authors: Campbell Jennifer
Published: July 2014

The insertion and maintanence of advanced vascular access devices is increasingly becoming the remit of advanced nurses. Understanding the potential for air embolism as a complication of this procedure, recognising and managing the signs and symptoms, and being able to apply preventative measures, are imperative to enhance patient safety. A range of outcomes can present from air embolism depending on the rate and volume of air entrained, from sub-clinical to death, so the application of expert knowledge and vigilance is essential to minimise risk. According the the available literature, supplemental oxygen administration appears to be the most effective treatment.
Research Roundup
Authors: Nicholson Craig
Published: July 2014

Brief synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care.
Is telephone triage an effective and feasible form of treatment within physiotherapy outpatient settings? A systematic review
Authors: Enock L , Saad M , McLean S
Published: July 2014

Background:

In the last 10 years, at least 15 NHS physiotherapy departments have introduced telephone triage systems, e.g. PhysioDirect, with the aim of decreasing patient waiting times and increasing efficiencies. Many of these schemes appear to have been implemented with little reference to underpinning evidence. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of telephone triage systems in physiotherapy outpatient settings.

Methods:

The following electronic databases were searched between 1990–2013: MEDLINE, PUBMED, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PEDro, AMED, EMBASE. In addition, reference sections of relevant articles were screened to identify appropriate articles. Primary quantitative studies published in English, which reviewed physiotherapy-led telephone triage were included. Two reviewers screened the studies for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed study quality using the Downs and Black Quality Index Assessment tool. A third reviewer arbitrated if conflict occurred. Data on clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of telephone triage and patient compliance was collated. The results were analysed and presented as a narrative synthesis.

Results:

Five studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Three studies were rated as high quality, one was of moderate quality and one was of poor quality. There was strong evidence that telephone triage and usual care are similarly cost-effective. There is moderate evidence of equivalent clinical effectiveness between telephone triage and usual care, and that appointment non-attendance rates are comparable between usual care and telephone triage. There is conflicting and therefore inconclusive evidence for the acceptability to patients and staff of telephone triage. There is currently no level of evidence reviewing patient compliance with telephone triage.

Conclusions:

The limited published evidence indicates that telephone triage systems lead to relatively similar clinical and cost-effectiveness outcomes, but with no conclusive added efficiencies in waiting times, satisfaction levels and patients attendance. Further studies in this area would clarify the clinical usefulness of introducing telephone triage systems in musculoskeletal physiotherapy outpatient settings.