bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHEMICAL PROFILING BY GC/MS ANALYSIS OF NON-POLAR EXTRACTS OF ERYNGIUM GLAZIOVIANUM (APIACEAE)
Authors: Wuillda A. C. J.  S. , Trovó M. , Martins R. C. C.
Published: August 2017

GC/MS was used as a tool to achieve the chemical profiling of n-hexane extracts from flowers, leaves and stems of plant species Eryngium glaziovianum L. (Apiaceae), an ornamental plant commonly found in several states of Brazil. Gas chromatograms and mass spectra of the constituents of the extracts showed significant differences among the profiles and revealed the presence of the biologically active sesquiterpene b-eudesmol and steroids g-sitosterol and sitostenone as major constituents of flowers, leaves and stems, respectively. These data allow classifying this plant as a source for further isolation of these biologically important substances.
ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ROOT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA AGAINST FCA INDUCED ARTHRITIS
Authors: Soni Lekhni , Gautam Rupesh K
Published: August 2017

The present investigation is aimed to evaluate anti-arthritic activity of the ethanol extract of root of Momordica charantia (EEMR) by using Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritis model which is a extensively used model for in-vivo study of anti-arthritic activity. Arthritis assessment was carried out on basis of parameters i.e. arthritis score, joint diameter and paw volume. The standard drug was diclofenac sodium. The findings of present study showed that EEMR in dose of 400 mg/kg produced more significant reduction in arthritis score, joint diameter and paw volume as compare to 200 mg/kg. On the basis of results, it can be concluded that EEMR showed significant anti-arthritic activity. It may be due to presence of phytocompounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins etc.
SWATH- A new concept for the Safety and Security at Sea
Authors: Grannemann Fritz
Published: August 2017

SWATH means Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull and is guarantor for excellent sea keeping behaviour.The basis of this ship type was born in the 1960’s and 70’s when semi-submersible vessels were introduced to the offshore market. Naval architects developed these vessels further and it was used as navy test craft, pilot tender, yachts, passenger boats etc.The German Shipyard Abeking & Rasmussen has more than 100 year of experience in innovative ships and designs. Since 1999 more than 20 SWATH vessels like pilot tender, pilot station vessel, explorer yacht, wind park maintenance tender, offshore patrol vessels and a hydrographical research vessel were built.This paper should give an insight to the SWATH technology and the implementation in the market. Different applications and ideas will be shown. Whatever you need - a navy ship, a workboat, a multipurpose platform a ferry or a yacht – there are many possibilities.
Seasted Floating City. Innovative Development of a New City Model
Authors: Suárez Lina K.
Published: August 2017

Seastead is a floating city experiment for international waters based on economic studies carried out by the Seasteading Institute, which seeks to increase real estate market growth, driven by an economic incentive dedicated to medical tourism, aquaculture, technology incubators, and support platforms for offshore rigs. A new pre-conceptual model of a floating city was created, conceptualizing an analysis of the floating habitat as a means for development and expansion. is new habitat style was designed taking into account considerations of the marine habitat, current habitats, utopian projects and studies regarding the expansion of urban spaces. e city was designed on a semi-submersible offshore platform chosen through a parametric model made by the Seasteading Institute, which allowed for a final modular array comprised by 300 containers organized by a crane system, this being the organizational system of the city.
Waste reduction in Rectangular Figure Cutting using a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Rodríguez Noriega Juan C. , Coronado-Hernández Jairo R. , Leottau Sergio
Published: August 2017

This paper introduces a genetic algorithm (GA) to minimize the waste produced during the cutting process of rectangular figures on a sheet. The chromosomes for solution codification use an object-based representation. It has the following operator: Partially Mapped Crossover (PMX), mutation based in double interchange (2-opt), and the elitism strategy for the selection process. The proposed algorithm was applied in a real case situation problem, where the numbers of items were 55 pieces. The result of this implementation was a reduction of the waste as a result of the decrease in the number of sheets used in the cutting process and at the same time an effective employment of the used area.
On maritime transport costs, evolution, and forecast
Authors: Polo Gerardo
Published: August 2017

During recent years of economic euphoria, globalization, motor of development, has been possible due to the existence of a fast, efficient, and economic maritime transport. The technological development based on scale economies, improvement of cargo-handling systems, and specialization has allowed putting on the market vessels with very competitive costs. In these years of a bright freight market, increased costs seemed not to be of much concern, so that the problem was not approached with the necessary firmness. Nowadays, things have changed: freight rates have sunk, prices of ships have fallen, and the crisis has reached ship owners. The costs, nevertheless, are still rising, with the exception of 2009 in which, for the first time in ten years, costs of operations were sensibly reduced. In the paper, the evolution of the main components of the costs of the maritime transport are analyzed, studying the current situation of such, as well as the forecasts for the near future.
Using Macroeconomic Models for Monetary Policy in Ukraine
Authors: Nikolaychuk Sergiy , Sholomytskyi Yurii
Published: August 2017

An important precondition for successful implementation of inflation targeting is the ability of the central bank to forecast inflation given the fact that the inflation forecast has become an intermediate target. Certainly, this means there should be clear understanding of the monetary policy transmission mechanism functioning within the bank, because it is precisely through transmission channels that a central bank has to ensure convergence of its inflation forecast to the target. And it is almost impossible to pursue inflation targeting without a set of macroeconomic models that describes the monetary policy transmission mechanism and helps to analyse the current state of the economy as well as forecast (simulate) short- and medium-term macroeconomic scenarios. This article provides a review of the current state of macroeconomic modelling at central banks and describes the history of development and actual stance of the National Bank of Ukraine’s system of macroeconomic models. The existing system provides quite reliable support for the current monetary policy decision-making process, but it has to be improved by implementing a more sophisticated model (such as a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model) and enhancing the set of econometric models for shortterm forecast purposes in the future.
Cyclosporiasis in travellers returning to the United Kingdom from Mexico in summer 2017: lessons from the recent past to inform the future
Authors: Marques Diogo F P , Alexander Claire L , Chalmers Rachel M , Chiodini Peter , Elson Richard , Freedman Joanne , Godbole Gauri , Hawkins Gillian , Lo Janice , Robinson Guy , Russell Katherine , Smith-Palmer Alison , Kirkbride Hilary
Published: August 2017

During the summers of 2015 and 2016, the United Kingdom experienced large outbreaks of cyclosporiasis in travellers returning from Mexico. As the source of the outbreaks was not identified, there is the potential for a similar outbreak to occur in 2017; indeed 78 cases had already been reported as at 27 July 2017. Early communication and international collaboration is essential to provide a better understanding of the source and extent of this recurring situation.
Nutritional Value of Some Local Mushroom Species of Nepal
Authors: Mishra Akkal Deo , Mishra Manju
Published: August 2017

A study on the nutrients of cultivated and wild mushrooms as a sample analysis is carried out. The variation of chemical constituents based on the species, substratum and season has been observed for three cultivated species namely Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus sajorcaju and Laccaria leccata alongwith one wild species namely Laetiporus sulphureus. The observations have been made for saw dust, paddy straw and wheat straw as substratum. Saw dust is found to produce higher yield followed by paddy straw in summer season as compared to winter vegetation. On the average 1.5 kg of saw dust produced 1 kg of mushroom.Some principal nutrients like carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, fats, minerals, fibre and ash, moisture content, etc. are estimated from the mentioned mushroom species. The maximum amount of nutrients contained in 100gm of dry mass is 90% moisture, 15% fibre and ash, 8% carbohydrates, 12% amino acids, 32% proteins and 2.5% fat contents among the mushroom species studied. These mushrooms possess considerable amount of minerals like sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, etc. The maximum amount of these mineral elements in the mushrooms under experiment is 5% sodium, 6% phosphorus, 4% potassium, 2.5% calcium and 3% iron in straw based vegetation grown in summer season.The mushroom species studied have been tested against different fungal and bacterial strains to observe their microbiological activities by using their biomass extract. They are found mild to moderate in antifungal and antibacterial activities. The wild species have shown higher potentiality against in vitro tested microbes as compared to cultivated mushrooms under experiment. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary StudiesVol. 2, No.1 (December 2013), Page: 1-11
अनेक रस र एक मूल रस सम्बन्धी मान्यताको अनुशीलन (Anek Ras ra Aek Mul Ras Sambandhi Manyatako Anushilan)
Authors: पौडेल Poudel बिष्णु Bishnu प्रसाद Prasad
Published: August 2017

संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रमा रस सिद्धान्त प्राचीन, अपेक्षाकृत व्यापक वा संश्लेषणकारीर बहुमान्य सिद्धान्त मानिन्छ । यसलाई सुरुमा नाटक केन्द्री बनाई भावमूलक कलात्मक स्थिति वा वस्तुपरक दृष्टिकोणका रूपमा र पछि समग्र साहित्य केन्द्री बनाई आत्मस्थ आस्वाद वा आत्मपरक दृष्टिकोणका रूपमा व्याख्या गर्ने काम भएको छ । वस्तुपरक व्याख्याले यसका भेद वा सङ्ख्यालाई पनि सङ्केत गर्ने भए पनि आत्मपरक व्याख्याले सामान्यतः त्यसको अखण्ड स्वरूपलाई सङ्केत गर्दछ । तर आत्मास्वाद बनेको रस पनि भावमा आधारित हुने र भावहरूको अनेकताका कारण बाह्य रूपमा त्यो अनेक पनि हुने ठानिन्छ । त्यसैले संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रमा सुरुमा अनेक रसको चर्चा र केही समयपछि अनेक तथा एक मूल रसको कल्पना गरिएको छ । एउटै व्यक्ति (भोज) ले रसका अत्यधिक सङ्ख्या र एकै मूल रसको कल्पना पनि गरेको भेटिन्छ । यस्ता अनेक रसवादीमध्ये अधिकांशले मूलतः नवरसलाई नै महत्त्व दिएका छन् भने एक मूल रसवादीहरूले नवरसमध्येकै (कण, शान्त, शृङ्गार र अद्भुतमध्ये कुनै एउटालाई मूल र अरूलाई त्यर्सैबाट उत्पन्न रस मानेका छन् । यही सन्दर्भलाई यहा“ क्रमशः चर्चा गर्दै तिनको समकालीन साहित्यप्रतिको प्रासङ्गिकता पनि आकलन गर्न खोजिएको छ । Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 2, No.1 (December 2013), page: 110-121
Understanding Research and Scientific Publication
Authors: Dangal Ganesh , Hamal Pawan Kumar , Giri Mona
Published: August 2017

No abstract available
Health Care Waste Management Practice in Health Care Institutions of Nepal
Authors: Joshi Hari Datt , Acharya Trisha , Dhakal Puroshottam , Ayer Rakesh , Karki Khem Bahadur , Dhimal Meghnath
Published: August 2017

Background: Medical waste is considered as a major public health hazard. In a developing country like Nepal, there is much concern about the management practice of medical waste. This study aimed to assess Health Care Waste Management practice among Health Care Institutions in Nepal.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out between July 2012 to June 2013 in 62 different Health Care Institutions, selected from stratified proportionate random sampling technique from all administrative regions of Nepal. A structured questionnaire and observation checklist were used for data collection.Results: The waste generation rate is found significantly correlated with bed capacity, patient flow rate and annual budget spent in the hospital. It is found significantly higher in Teaching hospital than other Health Care Institutions of Nepal. An average of 3.3 kg/day/patient of medical waste (2.0 kg/day/patient non-hazardous and 1.0 kg/day/patient hazardous waste) was generated during the study period. Further, it was found that most of the Health care wastes were not disinfected before transportation to waste disposal sites. Very limited number of Health Care Institutions had conducted Environmental Assessment. Similarly, some of the Health Care Institutions had not followed Health care waste management guideline 2009 of Nepal Government.Conclusions: We found poor compliance of medical waste management practice as per existing legislation of Government of Nepal. Hence, additional effort is needed for improvement of Health care waste management practice at Health Care Institutions of Nepal.
Factors Associated with Smokeless Tobacco Use among Pregnant Women in Rural Areas of the Southern Terai, Nepal
Authors: Singh Jitendra Kumar , Acharya Dilaram , Kadel Rajendra , Adhikari Samaj , Lombard Daniel , Koirala Sumitra , Paudel Rajan
Published: August 2017

Background: Tobacco use among women during pregnancy leading to poor maternal and child health outcomes has been well documented. However, factors influencing use of smokeless tobacco in Nepal has not yet been well established. This study aims at exploring the factors related to smokeless tobacco use among pregnant women in rural southern Terai of Nepal.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was performed at 52 wards within 6 Village Development Committee in Dhanusha district of Nepal. A total of 426 expectant mothers in their second trimester were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Descriptive and regression analyses were done to explore the factors that influence smokeless tobacco use.Results: In a total of 426 pregnant mothers, one in five used tobacco in any form. Among the users, 13.4% used smokeless tobacco. Pregnant mothers who were smoking tobacco (AOR 6.01; 95% CI (1.88-19.23), having alcohol consumption (AOR 3.86; 95% CI (1.23-12.08), stressed (AOR 5.04; 95% CI (1.81-14.03), non-vegetarian (AOR 3.31;(1.84-13.03), not attending regular mothers’ group meetings (AOR 4.63; (1.41-15.19), and not-exposed to mass media (AOR 5.02; (1.89-13.33) were significantly associated with smokeless tobacco use. Similarly, mothers of age group 20-34 years, dalit, aadibasi and janajati, hill origin, no education and primary education were more likely to use smokeless tobacco than their counterparts.Conclusions: Factors such as smoking tobacco, alcohol consumption, stress, and poor education were found to be significantly associated with smokeless tobacco use among pregnant women in southern Terai of Nepal. This requires an immediate attention develop an effective strategy to prevent and control smokeless tobacco use among pregnant women in southern Terai of Nepal.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Pharmacovigilance and Consumer Pharmacovigilance among Consumers at Lalitpur District, Nepal
Authors: Jha Nisha , Rathore Devendra Singh , Shankar Pathiyil Ravi , Bhandary Shital , Alshakka Mohammed , Gyawali Sudesh
Published: August 2017

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can be a big threat to the health of people in Nepal as a variety of medicines are consumed in the country. Involving consumers in pharmacovigilance can strengthen ADR reporting. The study aims to find out knowledge, attitude and practice regarding pharmacovigilance and consumer pharmacovigilance among consumers at Lalitpur district, NepalMethods: It was carried out in outpatients visiting in KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. Participant’s knowledge, attitude and practice were measured by noting their agreement with a set of 21 statements along with multiple choice and open ended questions.Results: A total of 157 outpatients were surveyed. The knowledge scores for males (12) was better compared to the females (11), but the scores for attitude and practice were same for both groups. The maximum score for knowledge was 29, attitude was 6 and practice was 10. The overall KAP scores was 45. The total scores for knowledge, attitude and practice for males (24) were better compared to female (22) respondents. Seventy-one patients (68%) who participated in this study favoured establishing a consumer centre for obtaining information about ADRs.Conclusions: Knowledge scores among consumers regarding pharmacovigilance is low and require advocacy and improvement.
Current Diagnostic Approach and Initial Treatment Patterns for Renal Colic in Emergency Department
Authors: Shrestha Roshana , Bista Yogendra , Khan Amir
Published: August 2017

Background: Renal colic is a common clinical presentation in emergency. The goal of this study was to describe the epidemiology, current diagnostic and treatment strategies of ureteric colic in our emergency department.Methods: This is a retrospective study performed over a six months period of patients with clinically suspected renal colic. Data collected included age, sex, urine analysis, ultrasound studies regarding size, site of the stone and presence of hydronephrosis. Comparative statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 12.2 software.Results: Among the total 201 cases, 134(67%) had ultrasound performed which yielded ureteric stone in 61/134 (45.5%) cases, out of which 52.5% (32/61), 32.8% (20/61) and 14.8% (9/61) had stones measuring 5-9.9mm, ≤ 4.9mm and ≥ 10mm respectively. The mean age was 31.6±11 with male: female of 3:1. Hydronephrosis was strongly correlated with the presence of ureteric stone (sensitivity -85.2%, specificity-94.5%, positive predictive value-92.9% and negative predictive value of 88.5%) and was significantly more common with larger stones (p=0.05). Hematuria and pyuria was present among 44.3% (27/61) and 31.1% (19/61) of the ultrasound confirmed ureteric stones respectively. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and smooth muscle relaxants were the most common drug offered.Conclusions: Ultrasound to detect hydronephrosis, which is the most significant finding, may help to establish the probability of obstruction due to clinically important stone. Absence of hydronephrosis probably suggests small or passed out calculus requiring no immediate urological intervention or may indicate alternate diagnosis. Presence or absence of hematuria cannot be reliable diagnosing and excluding ureteral stones.
Estimated Fetal Weight: Comparison of Clinical Versus Ultrasound Estimate
Authors: Joshi Anshumala , Panta Om Biju , Sharma Basanta
Published: August 2017

Background: Accurate estimation of fetal weight is of paramount importance in the management of labour and delivery.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted over a period of 6 months in a tertiary care teaching hospital. All singleton term mothers with cephalic presentation and intact membranes with ultrasound examination done within a week were included in the study. IUFD, multiple gestation, malpresentation, diagnosed oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios, pelvic and or abdominal masses, and current weight more than 80 Kgs were excluded from the study. Expected fetal weight was estimated by clinical method (Johnson’s formula), which was compared with Ultrasound weight estimation (Hadlock method) and actual birth weight.Results: The estimated mean birth weight by clinical method was 3492.75±393.16g, by Ultrasound was 3230.02±407.22g and actual mean birth weight was 3236.32±472.87g. The estimated birth weight by ultrasonographic method showed slightly stronger positive correlation (r=0.54; p<0.001) with actual birth weight as compared to the clinical method (r=0.44; p<0.001). The error of estimation of weight by clinical method showed significant negative correlation (r=-0.24; p=0.01) with gestational age, however ultrasonographic method did not show significant correlation (r= +0.045; p=0.64). The sensitivity and specificity of clinical method and ultrasonographic method for identifying fetal birth weight above 3500 gm was 69.23; 65.67% and 46.15; 80.60%, respectively.Conclusions: Ultrasound was more reliable method to establish fetal weight at term and more consistent in various period of gestations. Clinical method can be reliably used to screen large babies in centers where ultrasound has limited availability.
Laparoscopic Approach for Management of Hydatid Cyst of Liver
Authors: Shrestha Suman Kumar , Thapa Prabin Bikram , Maharjan Dhiresh Kumar , Tamang Tseten Yonjan
Published: August 2017

Background: Laparoscopy surgery trials are small and unconvincing at present and are limited to higher centers. The objective of the study is to determine the clinical features, prevalence of site of hydatid cyst and complications of this modality of this treatment.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in all patients with one or two hepatic hydatid cyst who underwent laparoscopic management in KMCTH from January 2013 to March 2015 were included in the study. Aspiration, deroofing and evacuation of the hydatid cyst were done.Results: Twenty six patients underwent laparoscopic management for liver hydatid cysts. Males were seven (65.38%) and females were 9(34.61%).The mean age was 35.5±13.1 years (range 21-55years.) The commonest complaint was pain and discomfort in 13(50%) patients and lump in 6(13.06%) patients. Twenty four (92.3%) patients were successfully treated with laparoscopic approach. Two (7.69%) patients had to be converted to laparotomy because of dense adhesions and bleeding. Mean operation time was 43.6±10.6 minutes. Two (7.69%) patients had port site infection. One (3.84%) patient had bile leak and no recurrence and mortality in our series.Conclusions: Laparoscopic management of liver hydatid cyst was safe and effective in selective group of patients in equipped hospital.
Governance and Purchasing Function under Social Health Insurance in Nepal: Looking Back and Moving Forward
Authors: Sapkota Vishnu Prasad , Bhusal Umesh Prasad
Published: August 2017

Nepal is pursuing Social Health Insurance as a way of mobilizing revenues to achieve Universal Health Coverage. The Social Health Insurance governance encourages service providers to maintain quality and efficiency in services provision by practicing strategic purchasing. Social Health Security Programme is a social protection program which aspires to achieve the goals of Social Health Insurance. Social Health Security Development Committee needs to consider following experiences to function as a strategic purchaser. The Social Health Security Development Committee need to be an independent body instead of falling under Ministry of Health. Similarly, purchasing of health services needs to be made strategic, i.e., Social Health Security Development Committee should use its financial power to guide the provider behavior that will eventually contribute to achieving the goals of quality and efficiency in service provision. The other social health security funds should be merged with Social Health Security Development Committee and develop a single national fund. Finally, the state has to regulate and monitor the performance of the SHI agency.
Handwashing Practices in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Paediatric Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Nurseries in Patan Hospital
Authors: Joshi Suchita , Amatya Puja , Poudel Bibek , Yadav Saroj Adhikari
Published: August 2017

Background: Hand hygiene has been identified as the single most important factor in minimising hospital acquired infections. However, compliance of handwashing guidelines has remained low. The aim of this study was to study the handwashing practices in the Paediatric and Neonatal intensive care units and Neonatal nurseries in Patan Hospital, and secondly to re-evaluate the improvement on compliance of handwashing guidelines after intervention.Methods: Pre-intervention study was conducted by covertly observing the handwashing practices by the healthcare workers. The healthcare workers were then shown the video demonstrating correct methods of handwashing as recommended by World health organization. The cycle was completed by discretely re-observing the handwashing practices following intervention.Results: Sixty five samples were collected initially. Only 6 (9.2%) had completed all steps of handwashing correctly. Post- intervention, 51 samples were collected, out of which 35 (68.6%) had correctly completed all the steps. Following audio-visual demonstration, 100% correctly completed 8/10 steps of handwashing with soap and water. 8 (16%) failed to dry hands using a single use towel and 14 (28%) failed to turn off the tap using elbow. Postintervention, 100% correctly completed 4/7 steps of handwashing using chlorhexidine. Four (15%) still failed to rub backs of fingers to opposite palm, eight (30%) failed to palm to palm with fingers interlaced, and rub thumb to opposite palm.Conclusions: Compliance in hand hygiene is low despite the known fact that it reduces nosocomial infections. However, a simple intervention like video demonstration can improve the compliance among healthcare workers.
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of mauveine from the historical London suburb of Sudbury (W.H. Perkin's home and factory) and Bradford
Authors: Plater M. John , Raab Andrea
Published: August 2017

Mauveine samples stored in museums in Sudbury, Bradford and Manchester are similar and are shown to be rich in mauveine A and mauveine B by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. By varying the aromatic amine composition of W.H. Perkin's 1856 patented method of mauveine synthesis, it is shown that they were not made by this method as W.H. Perkin disclosed it. An explanation for this is described.
HRV-based Stress Level Assessment Using Very Short Recordings
Authors: Jobbágy Ákos , Majnár Miklós , K. Tóth Lilla , Nagy Péter
Published: August 2017

The increased stress level of an individual often influences the medical test results. Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to characterize stress level. Parameters in the time domain are preferred, as they make the assessment possible from relatively short (3 - 5 minute-long) recordings. Electrocardiographic signal (ECG) in Einthoven I lead and photoplethysmographic signal (PPG) at the fingertip were recorded in parallel. This paper analyzes the differences between the lengths of successive heart cycles (NN); the ratio of these differences exceeding 50 ms (pNN50) is considered to be a good measure of stress. The parameter triplet pNNtri has been defined dividing the differences of successive NN intervals into three categories: pNN0_20 (0 – 20 ms), pNN20_50 (20  – 50 ms) and pNN50 (greater than 50 ms). pNNtri characterizes the actual stress level significantly better (especially for senior persons) than pNN50 alone. NN intervals determined from PPG differ from those determined from ECG recorded in parallel.
Endometrial osseous metaplasia: Presentation of two rare cases related with infertility, and their hysteroscopic approaching
Authors: Martínez-Más José , Gómez-Leal Paloma , Martínez-Cendán Juan Pedro , Bueno-Crespo Andrés , Ortiz-Reina Sebastián , López-Peña Carmen , Sánchez-Zapata María Isabel , Remezal-Solano Manuel
Published: August 2017

Objective: To present two cases of patients diagnosed of endometrial osseous metaplasia related with infertility and their hysteroscopic approaching.

Design: Case report.

Setting: Two clinical cases diagnosed and treated at Institutional University Hospital. Patients: Two premenopasual women diagnosed and treated in our Center.

Interventions: Transvaginal ultrasound scan, diagnostic hysteroscopy and hysteroscopic removal of bone fragments. Main Outcome Measures: Ultrasound scan during further clinical follow up.

Results: Both patients underwent a diagnostic hysteroscopy, and removal of all the bone fragments with total resolution of their pathology.

Conclusions: Endometrial osseous metaplasia is a rare pathology that should be suspected in patients with a history of secondary infertility, several miscarriages and curettages, that present with an ultrasound image compatible with an intrauterine device. Hysteroscopic approach is the best diagnostic and therapeutic option.

 

Key words: Endometrial osseous metaplasia, bony intrauterine tissue, miscarriage, infertility, hysteroscopy, unadverted intrauterine device.
The Formation of Uranus and Neptune: Fine-tuning in Core Accretion
Authors: Frelikh Renata , Murray-Clay Ruth A.
Published: August 2017

Uranus and Neptune are ice giants with ∼15% atmospheres by mass, which places them in a category intermediate between rocky planets and gas giants. These atmospheres are too massive to have been primarily outgassed, but they never underwent runaway gas accretion. The ice giants never reached critical core mass (

) in a full gas disk, but their cores are

, suggesting that their envelopes were mainly accreted at the end of the disk lifetime. Pebble accretion calls into question traditional slow atmospheric growth during this phase. We show that the full-sized ice giants predominantly accreted gas from a disk depleted by at least a factor of ∼100. Such a disk dissipates in ≲105 years. Why would both cores stay subcritical for the entire ∼Myr disk lifetime, only to reach

in the final 105 years? This is fine tuned. Ice giants in the outer disk have atmospheric mass fractions comparable to the disk gas-to-solid ratio during the bulk of their gas accretion. This point in disk evolution coincides with a dynamical upheaval: the gas loses its ability to efficiently damp the core random velocities, allowing them to be gravitationally excited by Jupiter and Saturn. We suggest that the ice giants’ cores began growing on closer-in orbits (staying subcritical), and migrated out during this dynamical instability. There, their orbits circularized after accreting much of their mass in solids. Finally, they accreted their envelopes from a depleted nebula, where the sparseness of feeding-zone gas prevented runaway.
Pupil Masks for Spectrophotometry of Transiting Exoplanets
Authors: Itoh Satoshi , Matsuo Taro , Goda Shohei , Shibai Hiroshi , Sumi Takahiro
Published: August 2017

Spectrophotometric stability, which is crucial in the spectral characterization of transiting exoplanets, is affected by photometric variations arising from field-stop loss in space telescopes with pointing jitter or primary mirror deformation. This paper focuses on a new method for removing slit-loss or field-stop-loss photometric variation through the use of a pupil mask. Two types of pupil function are introduced: the first uses conventional (e.g., Gaussian or hyper-Gaussian) apodizing patterns; whereas the second, which we call a block-shaped mask, employs a new type of pupil mask designed for high photometric stability. A methodology for the optimization of a pupil mask for transit observations is also developed. The block-shaped mask can achieve a photometric stability of 10−5 for a nearly arbitrary field-stop radius when the pointing jitter is smaller than approximately

and a photometric stability of 10−6 at a pointing jitter smaller than approximately

. The impact of optical aberrations and mask imperfections upon mask performance is also discussed.
Perpendicular Diffusion Coefficient of Comic Rays: The Presence of Weak Adiabatic Focusing
Authors: Wang J. F. , Qin G. , Ma Q. M. , Song T. , Yuan S. B.
Published: August 2017

The influence of adiabatic focusing on particle diffusion is an important topic in astrophysics and plasma physics. In the past, several authors have explored the influence of along-field adiabatic focusing on the parallel diffusion of charged energetic particles. In this paper, using the unified nonlinear transport theory developed by Shalchi and the method of He and Schlickeiser, we derive a new nonlinear perpendicular diffusion coefficient for a non-uniform background magnetic field. This formula demonstrates that the particle perpendicular diffusion coefficient is modified by along-field adiabatic focusing. For isotropic pitch-angle scattering and the weak adiabatic focusing limit, the derived perpendicular diffusion coefficient is independent of the sign of adiabatic focusing characteristic length. For the two-component model, we simplify the perpendicular diffusion coefficient up to the second order of the power series of the adiabatic focusing characteristic quantity. We find that the first-order modifying factor is equal to zero and that the sign of the second order is determined by the energy of the particles.
On the Age of the TRAPPIST-1 System
Authors: Burgasser Adam J. , Mamajek Eric E.
Published: August 2017

The nearby (d = 12 pc) M8 dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 (2MASS J23062928−0502285) hosts a compact system of at least seven exoplanets with sizes similar to Earth. Given its importance for testing planet formation and evolution theories, and for assessing the prospects for habitability among Earth-size exoplanets orbiting the most common type of star in the Galaxy, we present a comprehensive assessment of the age of this system. We collate empirical age constraints based on the color-absolute magnitude diagram, average density, lithium absorption, surface gravity features, metallicity, kinematics, rotation, and magnetic activity; and conclude that TRAPPIST-1 is a transitional thin/thick disk star with an age of 7.6 ± 2.2 Gyr. The star’s color–magnitude position indicates that it is slightly metal-rich, which is consistent with the previously reported near-infrared spectroscopic metallicity; and it has a radius

) that is larger by 8%–14% than the predictions of solar-metallicity evolutionary models. We discuss some implications of the old age of this system with regard to the stability and habitability of its planets.
Blind Millimeter Line Emitter Search using ALMA Data Toward Gravitational Lensing Clusters
Authors: Yamaguchi Yuki , Kohno Kotaro , Tamura Yoichi , Oguri Masamune , Ezawa Hajime , Hayatsu Natsuki H. , Kitayama Tetsu , Matsuda Yuichi , Matsuo Hiroshi , Oshima Tai , Ota Naomi , Izumi Takuma , Umehata Hideki
Published: August 2017

We present the results of a blind millimeter line emitter search using ALMA Band 6 data with a single-frequency tuning toward four gravitational lensing clusters (RXJ1347.5−1145, Abell S0592, MACS J0416.1−2403, and Abell 2744). We construct 3D signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) cubes with 60 and 100 MHz binning, and search for millimeter line emitters. We do not detect any line emitters with a peak S/N > 5, although we do find a line emitter candidate with a peak S/N ≃ 4.5. These results provide upper limits to the CO(3−2), CO(4−3), CO(5−4), and [C ii] luminosity functions at z ≃ 0.3, 0.7, 1.2, and 6, respectively. Because of the magnification effect of gravitational lensing clusters, the new data provide the first constraints on the CO and [C ii] luminosity functions at unprecedentedly low luminosity levels, i.e., down to ≲10−3 – 10−1 Mpc−3 dex−1 at

K km s−1 pc2 and ≲10−3–10−2 Mpc−3 dex−1 at

, respectively. Although the constraints to date are not yet stringent, we find that the evolution of the CO and [C ii] luminosity functions are broadly consistent with the predictions of semi-analytical models. This study demonstrates that the wide observations with a single-frequency tuning toward gravitational lensing clusters are promising for constraining the CO and [C ii] luminosity functions.
Phaeohyphomycosis of the paranasal sinuses caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi - A case report
Authors: Nagarajan Chadiesh , Thayanidhi Premamalini , Vijayaraman Rajyoganandh S , Kindo Anupma J , Samuel John
Published: August 2017

Phaeohyphomycosis of  paranasal sinuses is not very frequent. We here report a case of paranasal sinusitis caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi in a 53 year old diabetic male, with deviated nasal septum. With surgical correction and antifungal treatment with itraconazole, the patient’s condition improved and he was discharged. Fonsecaea exists in the environment as a saprophyte and its infection is usually not lethal. However in immunocompromised individuals, when there is systemic invasion the mortality rate is high. With limited treatment options available for this fungus, early and prompt identification plays a major role not only in treatment, but also prevents further invasion.
Melatonin Level Variations with Different Behavioural Risk Factors in Obese Female Patients
Authors: Malazonia Ana , Zerekidze Tamar , Giorgadze Elen , Chkheidze Natia , Asatiani Ketevan
Published: August 2017

AIM: The role of behavioural factors and sleep duration and quality is important in the pathogenesis of obesity. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of behavioural risk factors on melatonin secretion in women.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In total, 120 female patients were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups according to the body mass index. Detailed history, anthropometric measurements, urine and blood samples were evaluated for each patient.RESULTS: Two groups significantly differed in weight, BMI, and waist circumference, and were 94.2 ± 14.9 kg, 33.4 ± 5.23 kg/m2 and 99.2 ± 12.6 cm for the study group and 56.0 ± 5.2 kg, 20.0 ± 1.8 kg/m2 and 60.1 ± 10.4 cm for the control group, respectively, sleep disruptions were detected in 48 patients from study group, with mean score 6.76 ± 3.6, and only 10 patients were detected in the control group, with mean score 4.42 ± 1.68. Eating disturbances were revealed in 66 patients from the study group and 21 patients from the control group. Melatonin levels were 17% higher in the study group, compared to control group.CONCLUSION: Higher melatonin levels in patients with obesity and concomitant behavioural impairments may be due to its protective effect to fight free radicals and to induce vasodilatation. Further studies are needed to confirm our finding.
Experimental Hepatic Carcinogenesis: Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants
Authors: Unsal Velid , Belge-Kurutaş Ergül
Published: August 2017

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in the world, and it is influenced by agents such as DEN, 2-AAF, phenobarbital, alcohol, aflatoxin B1 metabolite or hepatitis viruses (B and C). Oxidative stress is becoming recognized as a key factor in the progression of hepatocarcinogenesis. Reactive oxygen species can play a leading role in initiation and promotion of hepatic carcinogenesis. The metabolites of DEN Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) mediate the binding of tumour promoters by covalently binding to the DNA with one or two oxidation-providing electrons. 2-AAF is the inducer of DEN, and it is involved in tumour formation in the bladder and liver. Reactive Oxygen species (ROS); carbohydrates, lipids, DNA and enzymes, such as affect all important structures. Additionally, an excessive amount of ROS is highly toxic to cells. Antioxidants are protects against ROS, toxic substances, carcinogens. This review focuses on the literature on studies of Hepatic Carcinogenesis, oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Treatment Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis in Clinic of Vascular Surgery Sarajevo
Authors: Vukas Haris , Kadić-Vukas Samra , Salihbegović Adis , Djedović Muhamed , Totić Dragan , Vranić Haris , Hadžimehmedagić Amel
Published: August 2017

AIM: To compare hospital costs of acute deep vein thrombosis (ADVT) treatment in two periods of time. Evidence of repercussions on reducing costs during successful treatment. Attention was given to the necessity, costs and effectiveness of diagnostic procedures, treatment and complications.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data obtained from patients medical history in a period from 2000 to 2016. Model management and safe practice of ADVT care consisted of clinical examination, laboratory, colour Doppler and invasive diagnostics. In a treatment was used continuous infusion un-fractionated heparin for 40 patients from 2000th till 2006th and low molecular weight heparin for 40 patients from 2006th till 2016th. All patients were converted to oral anticoagulants.RESULTS: When we look at the overall picture of improving the management model, safe practices and economic rationalization, we conclude that we offer better health service for the patients with ADVT at the moment, which relies on proven medical treatment trends. While we do not forget responsibility towards a society of which depends on treatment funding.CONCLUSION: The implementation of a conceptually new model of management of ADVT did not contribute rise of the desired outcomes, but it justified the positive economic viability of introduced changes at the Clinic of Vascular surgery than the previous concept.
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Arterial Hypertension and Its Correlation with Inflammatory Activity in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Bajraktari Ismet H. , Rexhepi Sylejman , Berisha Idriz , Lahu Ali , Kryeziu Avni , Durmishi Bastri , Bajraktari Halit , Bahtiri Elton
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that worsens during the course of the disease and can cause disability. Early RA refers to the onset of symptoms within the past 3 months. In RA, increased levels of mediators of inflammation may cause arterial stiffness consequently leading to arterial hypertension.AIM: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic arterial hypertension in early RA patients as well as the correlation with parameters of inflammation.METHODS: One hundred and seventy-nine early RA patients diagnosed in agreement with ACR/EULAR (American College of Rheumatology/ European League against Rheumatism) 2010 criteria were consecutively included in the study. CRP (C-reactive protein) and anti CCP (Antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides) serum levels, WBC (white blood cells) count and ESR (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate), likewise DAS-28 (28-joint disease activity score) was determined in all included patients. Parametric tests were used to compare the characteristics of the groups and to test the correlation of the variables.RESULTS: Statistical data analysis revealed that a majority of the patients were females (n = 141; 78.7%); the mean age at RA onset was 49.13 ± 12.13 years. Overall prevalence of hypertension was 44.13 % (n = 79). In comparison with the normotensive patients, the hypertensive patients were older and had significantly higher values of CRP, ESR, anti-CCP and DAS-28. A highly significant positive correlation between all the study parameters and systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed.CONCLUSION: Presence of significantly higher values of CRP, ESR, anti-CCP and DAS-28 in hypertensive patients indicate that inflammation is associated with an increased risk of hypertension. In this context, early screening for arterial hypertension and adequate therapeutic measures should be considered in early RA patients.
The Effect of Treatment on Short-Term Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Petronijevic Zvezdana , Selim Gjulsen , Petkovska Lidija , Georgievska-Ismail Ljubica , Spasovski Goce , Tozija Liljana
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND: Elderly population (≥ 65) are more prone to develop acute kidney injury (AKI) compared to younger, also elderly with AKI have an increased requirement for dialysis treatment and an elevated risk of short-term and long-term mortality.AIM: The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of treatment of short-term outcomes and mortality in elderly patients with AKI.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy elderly AKI patients, that filled one of the criteria of AKI definition and had hospitalization over 24 hours, were enrolled in the study.RESULTS: The median age of patients was 74.28 ± 6.64, with mean CCI (Charlson Comorbidity Index) score of 6.94 ± 1.94. The majority of patients (70%) were classified at stage 3 of AKIN, 20% of patients were classified at stage 2 and 10% at stage 1. In the groups of patients with death outcome, the chronic cardiomyopathy was more frequently present (p = 0.034). Regarding treatment, 58.6% of the AKI patients underwent hemodialysis while 41.4% received conservative treatment. Mortality rate was 52.8%, out of which 28.6% was in-hospital mortality, while in 24.3% of patients death occurred in the follow-up period of 90 days.CONCLUSION: In our study, short- term survival is not related to different treatment options. Applied treatment in elderly patients with AKI should be assessed by measuring the long term outcome.
Relationship of Oxidant and Antioxidant Markers to Asthma Severity in Egyptian Asthmatic Children
Authors: EL-Alameey Inas R. , Fathy Gihan A. , Abu Shady Mones M. , Ali Alaa , Fathy Hanan A. , Youness Eman R. , Nasr Soha A.
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic airway disease which is characterized by oxidant antioxidant imbalance with the generation of oxidative stress related mediators.AIM: The study aimed to evaluate the role of asymmetric dimethylarginine, and malondialdehyde as oxidant markers and serum paraoxonase activity as an antioxidant marker in asthma, and to determine their relationship to the asthma severity and lung function among asthmatic children in Egypt.PATIENTS AND METHODS: This case control study was conducted on sixty patients with asthma compared with sixty apparently healthy children of matched age and sex.RESULTS: Serum concentrations of oxidant markers as asymmetric dimethylarginine and malondialdehyde were significantly increased in asthmatic patients while anti-oxidant marker as paraoxonase activity was significantly decreased compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05). ANOVA test revealed highly significant elevation of the serum concentrations of oxidant markers while anti-oxidant marker was significantly decreased in severe asthmatic patients (P < 0.001) compared to the patients with moderate and mild asthma respectively. Serum malondialdehyde concentration was a strong predictor of asthma severity by multiple regression analysis (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: The study revealed an imbalance between oxidative and antioxidant defence systems in asthmatic children. Serum concentration of malondialdehyde was the most predictive biomarker having a significant association with asthma severity.
Androgen Receptor Expression in Epithelial and Stromal Cells of Prostatic Carcinoma and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Filipovski Vanja , Kubelka-Sabit Katerina , Jasar Dzengis , Janevska Vesna
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND: Prostatic carcinoma (PCa) derives from prostatic epithelial cells. However stromal microenvironment, associated with malignant epithelium, also plays a role in prostatic carcinogenesis. Alterations in prostatic stromal cells contribute to the loss of growth control in epithelial cells that lead to progression of PCa.AIM: To analyse the differences between Androgen Receptor (AR) expression in both epithelial and stromal cells in PCa and the surrounding benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and to compare the results with tumour grade.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Samples from 70 cases of radical prostatectomy specimens were used. The expression and intensity of the signal for AR was analysed in the epithelial and stromal cells of PCa and BPH, and the data was quantified using histological score (H-score).RESULTS: AR showed significantly lower expression in both epithelial and stromal cells of PCa compared to BPH. In PCa a significant positive correlation of AR expression was found between stromal and epithelial cells of PCa. AR expression showed a correlation between the stromal cells of PCa and tumour grade.CONCLUSION: AR expression is reduced in epithelial and stromal cells of PCa. Expression of AR in stromal cells of PCa significantly correlates with tumour grade.