bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypical and ultrastructural features of Oct4‐positive cells in the adult mouse lung
Authors: Galiger Celimene , Kostin Sawa , Golec Anita , Ahlbrecht Katrin , Becker Sven , Gherghiceanu Mihaela , Popescu Laurentiu M. , Morty Rory E. , Seeger Werner , Voswinckel Robert
Published: June 2014

Octamer binding trascription factor 4 (Oct4) is a transcription factor of POU family specifically expressed in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). A role for maintaining pluripotency and self‐renewal of ESCs is assigned to Oct4 as a pluripotency marker. Oct4 can also be detected in adult stem cells such as bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. Several studies suggest a role for Oct4 in sustaining self‐renewal capacity of adult stem cells. However, Oct4 gene ablation in adult stem cells revealed no abnormalities in tissue turnover or regenerative capacity. In the present study we have conspicuously found pulmonary Oct4‐positive cells closely resembling the morphology of telocytes (TCs). These cells were found in the perivascular and peribronchial areas and their presence and location were confirmed by electron microscopy. Moreover, we have used Oct4‐GFP transgenic mice which revealed a similar localization of the Oct4‐GFP signal. We also found that Oct4 co‐localized with several described TC markers such as vimentin, Sca‐1, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐beta C‐kit and VEGF. By flow cytometry analyses carried out with Oct4‐GFP reporter mice, we described a population of EpCAMneg/CD45neg/Oct4‐GFPpos that in culture displayed TC features. These results were supported by qRT‐PCR with mRNA isolated from lungs by using laser capture microdissection. In addition, Oct4‐positive cells were found to express Nanog and Klf4 mRNA. It is concluded for the first time that TCs in adult lung mouse tissue comprise Oct4‐positive cells, which express pluripotency‐related genes and represent therefore a population of adult stem cells which might contribute to lung regeneration.
Commentary: PDA – public display of affection or pathological demand avoidance? – reflections on O'Nions et al. (2014)
Authors: Gillberg Christopher
Published: June 2014

A group of children presents with a rather peculiar type of oppositional behaviours, sometimes now subsumed under the label of ‘pathological demand avoidance’ syndrome, also increasingly referred to as PDA. Boys and girls with ‘this kind of PDA’ will do anything to avoid meeting demands of adults and children alike. The behaviours ‘used’ in maintaining avoidance range from openly oppositional or manipulative to ‘extreme shyness’, passivity and muteness. These behaviours in terms of expression of affection are rather the opposite of those associated with the commonly used meaning of PDA. However, the avoidant behaviour is quite often ‘publicly displayed’ and with no feeling for the inappropriateness of the, sometimes even, exhibitionist style of extreme demand avoidance (EDA). The ‘disorder’ was first heard of in 1980, when Elisabeth Newson presented the first 12 cases of what she believed to be a ‘new’ and separate syndrome and that she referred to as PDA. Even though PDA has attracted quite a bit of clinical attention in the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe (including Scandinavia), virtually no research has been published in the field so far (Newson, Le Maréchal, & David, ). Experienced clinicians throughout child psychiatry, child neurology and paediatrics testify to its existence and the very major problems encountered when it comes to intervention and treatment. It is therefore a major step forward that O′Nions and co‐workers (this issue) have developed a new ‘trait measure’ for PDA (‘the EDA‐Q’), a measure that appears to hold considerable promise for research, and eventually for clinical practice.
Between‐sex genetic covariance constrains the evolution of sexual dimorphism in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Ingleby F. C. , Innocenti P. , Rundle H. D. , Morrow E. H.
Published: June 2014

Males and females share much of their genome, and as a result, intralocus sexual conflict is generated when selection on a shared trait differs between the sexes. This conflict can be partially or entirely resolved via the evolution of sex‐specific genetic variation that allows each sex to approach, or possibly achieve, its optimum phenotype, thereby generating sexual dimorphism. However, shared genetic variation between the sexes can impose constraints on the independent expression of a shared trait in males and females, hindering the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Here, we examine genetic constraints on the evolution of sexual dimorphism in Drosophila melanogaster cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) expression. We use the extended G matrix, which includes the between‐sex genetic covariances that constitute the B matrix, to compare genetic constraints on two sets of CHC traits that differ in the extent of their sexual dimorphism. We find significant genetic constraints on the evolution of further dimorphism in the least dimorphic traits, but no such constraints for the most dimorphic traits. We also show that the genetic constraints on the least dimorphic CHCs are asymmetrical between the sexes. Our results suggest that there is evidence both for resolved and ongoing sexual conflict in D. melanogaster CHC profiles.
Digital holographic microscopy and focusing methods based on image sharpness
Authors: İLHAN HAZAR A. , DOĞAR MERT , ÖZCAN MERİÇ
Published: June 2014

Digital holographic microscope allows imaging of opaque and transparent specimens without staining. A digitally recorded hologram must be reconstructed numerically at the actual depth of the object to obtain a focused image. We have developed a high‐resolution digital holographic microscope for imaging amplitude and phase objects with autofocusing capability. If the actual depth of an object is not known a priori, it is estimated by comparing the sharpness of several reconstructions at different distances, which is very demanding in means of computational power when the recorded hologram is large. In this paper, we present 11 different sharpness metrics for estimating the actual focus depths of objects. The speed performance of focusing is discussed, and a scaling technique is introduced where the speed of autofocusing increases on the order of square of the scale ratio. We measured the performance of scaling on computer‐generated holograms and on recorded holograms of a biological sample. We show that simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results.
The free and cued selective reminding test: Validation for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lemos Raquel , Simões Mário R. , Santiago Beatriz , Santana Isabel
Published: June 2014

The International Working Group on Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggested the free and cued selective reminding test (FCSRT) to assess memory, as it showed high sensitivity and specificity in the differentiation of AD from healthy controls and other dementias. The FCSRT involves the use of selective reminding with semantic cueing in memory assessment. This study aims to validate the FCSRT for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD through the analysis of the diagnostic accuracy and the suggestion of cut‐off scores. Patients were classified into two groups according to standard criteria: MCI (n = 100) and AD (n = 70). A matched control group (n = 101) of cognitively healthy subjects was included. The reliability and the validity of the FCSRT were analysed on the immediate (IR) and delayed (DR) recalls. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.915 for the IR and 0.879 for the DR. The total recall measures revealed good areas under the curve for MCI (IR: .818; DR: .828) and excellent for AD (IR: .987; DR: .991). Furthermore, the MCI group was subdivided with respect to a non‐similar/similar AD pattern of impairment, with almost half of the subjects showing an AD‐like decline. This analysis represents a novel contribution regarding the properties of the FCSRT in illustrating the heterogeneity of MCI at baseline. The FCSRT has proved to be a very useful tool in the characterization of the memory impairment of the AD spectrum.
Perceived need for information of patients with haematological malignancies: a literature review
Authors: Rood Janneke AJ , Eeltink Corien M , van Zuuren Florence J , Verdonck‐de Leeuw Irma M , Huijgens Peter C
Published: June 2014

Aims and objectives

To provide insight into the perceived need for information of patients with haematological malignancies.

Background

Providing timely and accurate information to patients diagnosed with a haematological malignancy is a challenge in clinical practice; treatment often has to start promptly, with little time to inform patients.

Design

Literature review.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted from all available literature to May 2013 in the databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO and PubMed (Medline). Relevant studies were reviewed regarding the perceived need for information on various topics, sources of information and satisfaction with information provided.

Results

The initial search revealed 215 articles, fourteen of which were relevant. Patients need basic information on the disease (diagnosis and diagnostics), treatment (various treatment options, side effects and duration), prognosis (curability and prolonging life) and all other topics (recovery, self‐care and psychosocial functioning). Need for detailed information varied between studies. Patients expressed a higher need for medical than for psychosocial information. Patients preferred to receive information from their doctors the most, followed by nurses. Most studies described patients' satisfaction with the information provided.

Conclusion

Based on the limited number of data available, medical information is for patients of higher priority compared to psychosocial information. Patients need basic information on diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and all other topics. Need for detailed information varied between studies. Patients were satisfied with the provided information, preferably offered by doctors and nurses.

Relevance to clinical practice

The perceived need for information and satisfaction with the information provided differs strongly between patients. In clinical practice, more attention is needed for information tailored to the patient, taking into account important moderating factors such as age, type of cancer, time since diagnosis, treatment modality and coping style.
Face presentation at term: A forgotten issue
Authors: Tapisiz Omer L. , Aytan Hakan , Kiykac Altinbas Sadiman , Arman Feyza , Tuncay Gorkem , Besli Mustafa , Mollamahmutoglu Leyla , Danışman Nuri
Published: June 2014

Aim

To determine factors associated with face presentation of term fetuses delivered.

Methods

Of 34 480 consecutive, term deliveries of uncomplicated pregnancies within a 3‐year period, all live, singleton term fetuses with cephalic presentation in which no lethal anomalies occurred that were diagnosed with a face presentation were studied. Factors that may have contributed to the etiology of the presentation including age, parity and fetal size were evaluated. Ultrasonographic evaluation was recorded.

Results

Fifty cases were diagnosed with an incidence of 0.14%. Parity was not associated with face presentation. Birthweight of 4000 g or more indicated an increased risk of approximately 2.9‐fold, whereas fetuses weighing 3000–3499 g were found to have a relatively decreased risk of face presentation when compared with the general obstetrics group (P = 0.015 and 0.001, risk ratio = 2.948 and 0.450, respectively). With physical examination, only 70% were diagnosed correctly.

Conclusion

Face presentation is a rare event and birthweight more than 4000 g was found to be associated with face presentation. Parity is not an associated factor.
Disappearance of a uterine arteriovenous malformation following long‐term administration of oral norgestrel/ethinyl estradiol
Authors: Oride Aki , Kanasaki Haruhiko , Miyazaki Kohji
Published: June 2014

Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) can cause sudden massive hemorrhage. We report a case of uterine AVM following curettage in a patient treated conservatively with an intermediate‐dose pill. An 18‐year‐old gravida 2 para 0 underwent curettage at 12 weeks of gestation and was examined for massive genital hemorrhage that occurred in postoperative month 4. Abundant blood flow in a mass within the uterine lumen was observed on color Doppler ultrasonography, and the patient was diagnosed with AVM. Six days after starting oral norgestrel/ethinyl estradiol, the hemorrhage ceased, and computed tomography on day 37 of administration showed disappearance of the abnormal vasculature. After 12 months, the patient's course remains favorable without relapse. Transarterial embolization for AVM can cause ovarian failure and subsequent placental malpositioning. Administration of oral norgestrel/ethinyl estradiol may be an alternative conservative treatment option for patients who wish to maintain fertility.
Preoperative evaluation of deep venous thrombosis in patients with pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Kobayashi Yoichi , Kuroda Keiko , Shibuya Hiromi , Nishigaya Yoshiko , Momomura Mai , Matsumoto Hironori , Iwashita Mitsutoshi
Published: June 2014

Aim

The incidence of preoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was examined in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Material and Methods

Preoperative screening for DVT was performed on the basis of D‐dimer levels; if D‐dimer levels were beyond the cut‐off limit (0.5 μg/mL), ultrasound examination of the lower extremities was performed. A total of 75 consecutive patients who were scheduled for POP operation in our department were examined retrospectively.

Results

D‐dimer levels were elevated in 24 patients (31.6%). Further, DVT was detected in 10 of the 75 patients, resulting in an incidence rate of 13.3% in the present study. D‐dimer levels were significantly higher in the patients with DVT (1.25 ± 0.52 μg/mL vs 0.41 ± 0.26 μg/mL). There was no significant difference in age, and although body mass index and the number of diabetes mellitus cases were relatively higher in the patients with DVT than in those without DVT, there were no statistically significant differences. According to a receiver–operator curve, the suggested cut‐off D‐dimer value was 0.71 μg/mL (sensitivity and specificity was 0.9 and 0.877, respectively).

Conclusions

Although this was a preliminary study, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the incidence of preoperative DVT in patients with POP. Our study indicates that the incidence of DVT in patients with POP might have been underestimated thus far. Therefore, every surgeon should evaluate patients for DVT prior to any surgical procedure for POP, particularly in those patients with obesity or diabetes mellitus.
Primary retroperitoneal Müllerian adenocarcinoma arising from endometriosis
Authors: Tanaka Kei , Kobayashi Yoichi , Shibuya Hiromi , Nishigaya Yoshiko , Momomura Mai , Matsumoto Hironori , Iwashita Mitsutoshi
Published: June 2014

Primary retroperitoneal Müllerian adenocarcinoma (PRMA) is an extremely rare tumor and the cause remains unknown. We report a case of PRMA arising from endometriosis. A 52‐year‐old woman with a history of malignant lymphoma underwent a follow‐up computed tomography scan, which revealed a retroperitoneal tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor resected during laparoscopic surgery showed adenocarcinoma positive for cytokeratin 7 and negative for cytokeratin 20. The patient had undergone hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy 14 years ago for myoma uteri and endometrial cysts and was treated with estrogen‐replacement therapy. The size of the tumor increased and laparotomy was performed. Histopathological examination showed adenocarcinoma resembling endometrial adenocarcinoma, which stained positive for cancer antigen 125, cancer antigen 19‐9, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor immunohistochemically. The focus of the endometriosis was found at the edge of the tumor, and the stromal cells around the tumor cells were CD10 positive. The patient was diagnosed as having PRMA arising from endometriosis, and treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.
Argentophilic nucleolus organizer region as a proliferation marker in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 of the uterine cervix
Authors: Guerra Fernando , Rocher Adriana Esther , Villacorta Hidalgo José , Díaz Lilí , Vighi Susana , Cardinal Lucía , Tatti Silvio , Cúneo Nicasio , Prat Gay Gonzalo , Camporeale Gabriela , Palaoro Luis Alberto
Published: June 2014

Aim

p16INK4a and argentophilic nucleolus organizer region (AgNOR) can be used as markers for progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) of the uterine cervix. Our objective was to study the predictive value of the AgNOR technique as a progression marker of CIN1 and its correlation with p16INK4A.

Material and Methods

One uterine cervix biopsy from each of 75 patients with diagnosis of CIN1 was selected. All of these patients underwent a second biopsy, and these were also used for the study.

Results

The second biopsies showed: regression (20 patients), persistent CIN1 (38 patients), progression to CIN2 (10 patients) and progression to CIN3 (seven patients). p16INK4A showed reactivity in 67 of the 75 first CIN1 biopsies: 12 of the 20 cases that cleared the lesions and the 55 cases with persistent or progressive lesions were positive for p16INK4a (specificity: 40%; sensitivity: 100%; positive predictive value [PPV]: 82%; negative predictive value [NPV]: 100%). Samples with AgNOR areas less than 3.0 μ2 returned in all cases, but patients whose lesions persisted or progressed to CIN2/CIN3, showed AgNOR areas greater than 3.0 μ2 in 50/55 cases (specificity: 100%; sensitivity: 91%; PPV: 100%; NPV: 80%).

Conclusions

p16INK4a is expressed in a high percentage of returning lesions. AgNOR might be a better marker of proliferation of CIN1 than p16INK4a (PPV = 100%), which means that a value greater than 3.0 μ2 indicates the persistence or progression of the lesion. As its NPV is 80%, a value of AgNOR area less than 3.0 μ2 in CIN1 leaves a margin of doubt about the future behavior of the lesion.
Therapeutic effect of laser vaporization for vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia following hysterectomy due to premalignant and malignant lesions
Authors: Wang Yan , Kong Wei‐Min , Wu Yu‐Mei , Wang Jian‐Dong , Zhang Wei‐Yuan
Published: June 2014

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of laser vaporization for vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) after hysterectomy in Chinese women and to identify factors affecting persistence/recurrence.

Material and Methods

Twenty‐eight VAIN patients after hysterectomy due to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (group 1) and 11 VAIN patients due to cervical cancer (group 2) were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were treated with at least one episode of laser vaporization between 2010 and 2011, and then followed up every 3 months for at least 1 year. Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent factors predicting persistence/recurrence.

Results

All VAIN patients achieved remission after two episodes of laser treatment, with 85.7% complete regression in group 1 and 54.5% in group 2. The first episode of the treatment had a significantly higher success rate in group 1 than in group 2 (46.2% vs 0.0%). All patients had no recurrence during a mean follow‐up time of 22.8–27.8 months (range 12–39 months). However, infection persisted in 21 (61.8%) of 34 human‐papillomavirus‐positive patients after laser vaporization. Severity of VAIN was the only significant independent predictor of persistence/recurrence after one episode of the treatment (adjusted odds ratio, 4.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.28–12.96; P = 0.017). Laser treatments were well tolerated with no major side‐effects.

Conclusion

Laser vaporization may be a useful option for the treatment of VAIN after hysterectomy. However, a follow‐up is required to assess the long‐term efficacy of laser treatment.
Frequency of hereditary thrombophilia in women with recurrent pregnancy loss in Northern Pakistan
Authors: Ali Nadir , Bhatti Farhat Abbas , Khan Saleem Ahmed
Published: June 2014

Aim

Hereditary thrombophilia (HT) screening is performed as routine work‐up of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in Pakistan. In Northern Pakistan the prevalence of HT is not known. HT is not detected in the majority of RPL cases, especially in patients with ≤3 pregnancy losses (PL). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of HT in women with RPL, and to find the prevalence of HT in patients with ≤3 PL and >3 PL.

Material and Methods

Lupus‐anticoagulant‐negative patients with unexplained RPL were screened for protein C, protein S, antithrombin, and factor V Leiden.

Results

A total of 315 patients with RPL were screened and 13 (4%) had evidence of HT. Protein C and protein S deficiency were detected in 6/140 (4.3%) women with >3 PL and in 2/175 (1.1%) women with ≤3 PL. Antithrombin deficiency was detected in 2/140 (0.75%) women with >3 PL and in no patients with ≤3 PL. Factor V Leiden was detected in 3/26 (12%) women with >3 PL and in no patients with ≤3 PL. The prevalence of HT in patients with >3 PL was significantly higher than in patients with ≤3 PL (P = 0.002). We detected a strong association between HT and >3 PL (odds ratio 7.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.60–33.85) as compared to ≤3 PL.

Conclusion

HT was detected in 4% of patients with RPL. The prevalence of HT in patients with >3 PL is significantly higher than in patients with ≤3 PL.
Major causes of impractical brachytherapy in elderly patients with uterine cervical cancer
Authors: Yanazume Yumi , Yanazume Shintaro , Iio Kazuto , Yonekura Ryuji , Kojima Nobuko , Uchida Natsuko , Koriyama Chihaya , Douchi Tsutomu
Published: June 2014

Aim

Incomplete brachytherapy is a major risk factor for recurrence. However, high‐dose‐rate intracavitary brachytherapy has not been assessed adequately in elderly patients with invasive cervical cancer. The present study investigated the clinical importance of intracavitary brachytherapy and risk factors of incomplete intracavitary brachytherapy in elderly patients with cervical cancer.

Material and Methods

Subjects were 76 patients aged 70–89 years old with invasive cervical cancer. All subjects were recruited between January 1997 and September 2010, and were planning to receive external beam radiation therapy followed by high‐dose‐rate intracavitary brachytherapy. Survival rates and the incidence of complications were compared between the 70s and 80s age groups. Risk factors for recurrence in elderly patients were evaluated using multivariate analysis, and risk factors for impractical intracavitary brachytherapy were also estimated.

Results

No significant differences were observed in 3‐year progression‐free survival rates or the incidence of complications in the two age groups. Cox multivariate analysis showed that histology (non‐squamous cell carcinoma), incomplete intracavitary brachytherapy, and lymph node swelling were significant prognostic factors for recurrence. Impractical application was the major reason for incomplete treatment. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a previous history without vaginal births (P = 0.016) was an independent risk factor for the impractical application, independent of tumor diameter ≥4 cm (P = 0.007).

Conclusions

Incomplete intracavitary brachytherapy decreased the survival rates of elderly patients. Larger tumors and patients without a history of vaginal births were the two major causes of impractical intracavitary brachytherapy, which may be fatal, especially in elderly patients with bulky tumors.
Clinicopathological study on para‐aortic lymph node metastasis without pelvic lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer
Authors: Tomisato Shoko , Yamagami Wataru , Susumu Nobuyuki , Kuwahata Michiko , Takigawa Aya , Nomura Hiroyuki , Kataoka Fumio , Hirasawa Akira , Banno Kouji , Aoki Daisuke
Published: June 2014

Aim

One of the important risk factors for recurrence of endometrial cancer is lymph node metastasis. The regional lymph nodes are pelvic lymph nodes (PLN) and para‐aortic lymph nodes (PAN). PAN metastasis was often detected in the cases with PLN metastasis. However, PAN metastasis not associated with PLN metastasis was identified in a few cases. We focused on nine cases with PAN metastasis and without PLN metastasis.

Material and Methods

The subjects of this study were 260 cases that were diagnosed with endometrial cancer. The initial treatments were surgery, including pelvic and para‐aortic lymphadenectomy. Nine of these cases had PAN metastasis but did not have PLN metastasis. We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological factors and prognosis in cases with PLN–PAN+ cases.

Results

A total of 91 (35%) cases were identified as positive for either PLN or PAN. PAN metastases were detected in 62.6% of the cases that had some regional lymph node metastases and 3.5% of all cases were PLN– and PAN+. In all PLN–PAN+ cases, PAN swelling was not detected by preoperative chest‐abdominal computed tomography scan. There were no clear trends among risk factors of regional lymph node metastasis. The 5‐year progression‐free survival was 87.1% for PLN−PAN− cases, 67.5% for PLN+PAN− cases, 44.4% for PLN−PAN+ cases, and 33.2% for PLN+PAN+ cases.

Conclusion

During diagnosis and treatment for endometrial cancer, PLN−PAN+ cases should also be considered because the prognosis in PLN–PAN+ cases tended to be lower than that in PLN–PAN– cases and PLN+PAN− cases.
Preterm birth trend in Taiwan from 2001 to 2009
Authors: Wang Liang‐Kai , Chen Wan‐Ming , Chen Chie‐Pein
Published: June 2014

Aim

The aim of this study was to analyze the trends and risk factors of preterm birth from all the women who delivered during 2001–2009 in Taiwan.

Material and Methods

We analyzed the preterm birth rates, the proportions of obstetric antecedents and risk factors in the population of pregnant women and neonatal Apgar scores according to the National Medical Birth Register database from 2001 to 2009. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals for risk factors of preterm birth were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models. The obstetric antecedents of preterm birth for singletons were stratified by spontaneous preterm labor and indicated preterm delivery (labor induction or elective cesarean delivery).

Results

The preterm birth rate was 8.56% with the majority (89.76%) delivered between 32 and 37 weeks of gestation. A 0.07% annual increase (P < 0.001) in preterm delivery was observed. The greatest risk factors were multiple pregnancies (OR > 20), followed by medical complications (OR > 2.8), congenital malformations (OR > 2), teen pregnancies (OR > 1), and advanced maternal age (OR > 1). Specifically, singleton preterm births comprised 57.3% spontaneous labor and 42.7% indicated delivery. There was a 0.5% annual increase (P < 0.001) in indicated delivery. Incidence of neonates with poor Apgar scores (<7) was significantly different between those with and without medical complications (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The preterm birth rate increased significantly from 2001 to 2009 and multiple pregnancies were the most important contributing factor. Most of the singleton preterm births resulted from spontaneous labor, but the proportion of indicated deliveries increased.
Spontaneous rupture of uterine varicose veins: A rare cause for obstetric shock
Authors: Lim Pei Shan , Ng Soon Pheng , Shafiee Mohammad Nasir , Kampan Nirmala , Jamil Muhammad Abdul
Published: June 2014

Spontaneous rupture of uterine surface varicose veins is rare but may result in serious complication of pregnancy, as it is associated with high perinatal and maternal mortality. We report a 24‐year‐old primigravida who presented with this rare condition mimicking placenta abruption, which was successfully managed. A review of reported cases was performed.
Validity for assisted hatching on pregnancy rate in assisted reproductive technology: Analysis based on results of Japan Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry System 2010
Authors: Nakasuji Takashi , Saito Hidekazu , Araki Ryuichiro , Nakaza Aritoshi , Kuwahara Akira , Ishihara Osamu , Irahara Minoru , Kubota Toshiro , Yoshimura Yasunori , Sakumoto Tetsuro
Published: June 2014

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of assisted hatching (AH) in assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment.

Material and Methods

In this retrospective observational study, the data of patients who were registered in the National ART Registry System of Japan between January and December 2010 were analyzed. The descriptive statistics and validity of AH in fresh embryo transfer (ET) and frozen–thawed ET were assessed by using multiple logistic regression analyses.

Results

From a total of 105 450 single ET, 46 029 (43.7%) cycles underwent AH. A total of 9737 (21.3%) and 36 292 (60.9%) cycles underwent AH from 45 818 fresh single ET and 59 632 frozen–thawed single ET, respectively. In the fresh ET patients that underwent AH, the clinical pregnancy and live birth rate were significantly decreased in patients of all ages compared with that of the non‐AH group. In the frozen–thawed ET patients, there was no significant difference in pregnancy and live birth rate between the AH group and the non‐AH group.

Conclusion

AH treatment was more frequently performed in frozen–thawed ET patients than in fresh ET patients, and in the blastocyst stage than in the early cleavage stage. A significantly decreased pregnancy and live birth rate was observed in the fresh ET patients who underwent AH. In the frozen–thawed ET patients who underwent AH, improvement in the clinical pregnancy and live birth rate was not observed. Further studies on the indication and application of AH in ART treatment are required.
Measurement of endometrial and uterine vascularity by transvaginal ultrasonography in predicting pregnancy outcome during frozen–thawed embryo transfer cycles
Authors: Son Jung Bin , Jeong Ju Eun , Joo Jong Kil , Na Yong Jin , Kim Chang Woon , Lee Kyu Sup
Published: June 2014

Aim

An appropriate endometrial condition and vascular supply are usually considered essential for implantation of an embryo. This study was performed to assess the role of endometrial and uterine vascularity status measurement in predicting pregnancy outcome during frozen–thawed embryo transfer cycles.

Material and Methods

A total of 70 infertile women were recruited with controlled ovarian stimulation followed by oocyte retrieval. After in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, embryos were cultured to blastocysts and blastocysts with good quality were selected for cryopreservation. After endometrial preparation, vitrified blastocysts were thawed and assisted hatching by zona dissection was performed. On the day of embryo transfer, endometrial thickness (EMT), resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of sub‐endometrial artery (SEA) and uterine artery (UA) were obtained by transvaginal sonography. The women were divided into the pregnant and non‐pregnant groups, and these variables were compared between the two groups.

Results

Patients' general demographic characteristics were not statistically different between the pregnant and non‐pregnant groups. The overall implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and ongoing pregnancy rate were 31.1%, 41.4% and 28.6%, respectively. Twenty‐nine patients who conceived had average EMT, RI of SEA, PI of SEA, RI of UA, and PI of UA values of 9.15 mm, 0.91, 2.42, 0.95, and 3.37, respectively. Forty‐one patients who did not conceive had average EMT, RI of SEA, PI of SEA, RI of UA, and PI of UA values of 9.31 mm, 1.01, 2.56, 0.94, and 3.00, respectively. In the two groups, none of the variables was statistically different (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

EMT and blood flow index of endometrium and uterus measured by transvaginal sonography are not an effective predictor of pregnancy outcome in frozen–thawed embryo transfer cycles.
Results of tension‐free vaginal tape for recurrent stress urinary incontinence after unsuccessful transobturator tape surgery
Authors: Simsek Abdulmuttalip , Ozgor Faruk , Kirecci Sinan Levent , Akbulut Mehmet Fatih , Sonmezay Erkan , Yuksel Bahar , Kucuktopcu Onur , Gurbuz Zafer Gokhan
Published: June 2014

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate cure rate and mid‐term results of tension‐free vaginal tape for recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed transobturator tape surgery.

Material and Methods

Between January 2006 and December 2011, 42 women were enrolled in this study. Patient characteristics and operating parameters were recorded, and any complications were noted. All patients were followed up for at least 24 months after the second surgery. The Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and the Urinary Distress Inventory were used to identify satisfaction level.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 49.07 ± 8.6 years, and median period between transobturator surgery and the tension‐free vaginal tape procedure was 12.8 (range 9.2–17.8) months. The cure rate was 83.3% and 76.2% at the first‐ and second‐year follow‐up visits, respectively. Intraoperative complications were transient and slight. Bladder injury in five patients and subcutaneous hematoma above the pubis in two patients were the most serious complications, but they were managed conservatively. We found the scores of the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and Urinary Distress Inventory to be significantly lower at follow‐up, compared to the preoperative assessment. De novo urgency was the most common complaint at follow‐up and occurred in 11.9% of the women.

Conclusions

We suggest that tension‐free vaginal tape is a feasible surgical option for recurrent stress urinary incontinence. Further studies with larger patient numbers and longer follow‐up periods are needed to support this finding.
Microbiological profile and biofilm formation on removed intrauterine contraceptive devices from a sample of Egyptian women
Authors: Abdel‐Hafeez Mohamed , El‐Mehallaway Nabegh , Khalil Ibrahim , Abdallah Fatma , Elnaggar Ahmed
Published: June 2014

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of biofilm formation around intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) and to correlate the microbiological profile of the IUCD‐associated genital infections to the microbiological profile of specimens retrieved from vaginal discharge.

Material and Methods

Samples of the vaginal discharge in the posterior fornix were collected from 50 women attending the Family Planning Clinic in Ain Shams University Hospital using two high vaginal swabs. Swabs were immediately sent for Gram staining as well as microbiological culture. The IUCD was then removed. A 0.5‐cm piece of the removed IUCD was cut and sent for culture. Growing colonies were tested for their abilities to form a biofilm (colorimetric method). Another 0.5‐cm piece of the removed IUCD was examined by electron microscopy (EM) for detection of biofilm formation.

Results

Among the included 50 women, 24 (48%) women showed biofilm formation (via colorimetric methods). EM scanning was able to detect biofilm formation in the prepared pieces of the removed IUCD of 48 (96%) women. There was no significant agreement between the isolated microorganisms on the removed IUCD and the vaginal swab (proportion of agreement was 14 [11.4%]; κ = −0.089, P = 0.892).

Conclusion

Scanning EM is a useful tool in detection of biofilm formation on removed IUCD.
Successful medical treatment of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies with systemic multidose methotrexate: Single‐center experience
Authors: Kutuk Mehmet Serdar , Uysal Gulsum , Dolanbay Mehmet , Ozgun Mahmut Tuncay
Published: June 2014

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy, and the safety of systemic multidose methotrexate (MTX) for the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP).

Material and Methods

This retrospective cohort study was performed using records from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University, between 2010 and 2012. The data were analyzed with respect to obstetric characteristic, course of treatment, clinical, and reproductive outcomes.

Results

A total of 13 patients were evaluated. The median gestational age at diagnosis was 5 weeks 5 days (range: 4–9 weeks). The mean beta human chorionic gonadotrophin level was 11 240.31 ± 9812.68 IU/L (range: 2565–36 111 IU/L). All patients were successfully treated with systemic multidose MTX therapy. The average MTX dose was 5.7 (range: 2–9). The interval between the first MTX injection and the normalization of beta human chorionic gonadotrophin was 8 ± 2.27 weeks (range: 4–12 weeks). One patient showed mild leucopenia that reversed after the treatment. Three patients had successful uncomplicated intrauterine pregnancy after the treatment, which resulted in term infants.

Conclusion

Systemic multidose MTX therapy is an effective and safe treatment method for CSP. However, further studies are needed to compare the safety, effectiveness and reproductive outcome of different treatment modalities in CSP.
Usefulness of SWI for the Detection of Iron in the Motor Cortex in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Adachi Yuko , Sato Noriko , Saito Yuko , Kimura Yukio , Nakata Yasuhiro , Ito Kimiteru , Kamiya Kouhei , Matsuda Hiroshi , Tsukamoto Tadashi , Ogawa Masahumi
Published: June 2014

PURPOSE

The purpose of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the sensitivity of susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) compared to conventional spin‐echo T2‐weighted and T2*‐weighted images in detecting iron deposition in the motor cortex of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients in comparison with age‐matched normal controls. We also investigated the etiology of the low signal referring to the pathology of one autopsy case.

METHODS

This retrospective magnetic resonance (MR) study included 23 ALS patients and 28 age‐matched normal controls. The signal intensity of the motor cortex was scored by SWI, conventional T2‐weighted images and T2*‐weighted images. A postmortem study of one patient was also performed.

RESULTS

On SWI, there was a significant difference between the precentral cortical signal intensity scores in the ALS patients and the controls (P < .0001). The total scores of signal intensities of the precentral cortex were positively correlated with age in the normal controls (r = .494), but no correlation was observed in the ALS patients. The postmortem study showed intensely stained microglias and macrophages after antiferritin antibody staining in the precentral cortices.

CONCLUSIONS

Decreased signal intensity of the motor cortex on SWI may serve a useful role in ALS diagnoses, particularly in young patients. MR images were also helpful for speculating on the etiology of ALS.
Examining the Association Between Bullying and Adolescent Concerns About Teen Dating Violence
Authors: Debnam Katrina J. , Johnson Sarah L. , Bradshaw Catherine P.
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND

The school environment is an important context for understanding risk factors for teen dating violence. This study seeks to add to the growing literature base linking adolescent experiences with bullying and involvement with teen dating violence.

METHODS

Data were collected from 27,074 adolescents at 58 high schools via a Web‐based survey.

RESULTS

Three‐level hierarchical linear models indicated that adolescents who had been bullied were more concerned about both physical and emotional dating violence among students at their school. Schools that were perceived by students as safer were rated as having lower levels of teen dating violence. Older students and male students consistently reported greater concerns about dating violence.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that adolescents who experience bullying may also have concerns about violence in teen dating relationships. Findings also indicate that schools perceived as being unsafe may be an important context for targeting dating violence prevention efforts.
The Role of Product Originality, Usefulness and Motivated Consumer Innovativeness in New Product Adoption Intentions
Authors: Li Guoxin , Zhang Ruijin , Wang Chao
Published: June 2014

Prior research has posited that product attributes are primary drivers of success that a firm must consider to develop a competitive advantage. Two product attributes, originality and usefulness, have been identified in the literature as significant dimensions of new product success. Customer demands differ, and more purchase intentions toward a new product depend on how consumers connect the product attributes to their own individual characteristics. Studying motivated consumer innovativeness as a personality trait may improve our understanding of the motivations for adopting innovations; however, questions remain regarding whether the effects of originality and usefulness on consumers' intentions to adopt are different when levels of these attributes are matching or dissimilar and what the relationship is between these effects and motivated consumer innovativeness. This study seeks to empirically investigate these effects and their relations by collecting data from 560 potential consumers in China. This paper uses hierarchical regression analysis to test hypotheses in four product domains as representative of higher or lower levels of usefulness and originality. The research shows that new product originality affects consumers' intentions to adopt new products only if it matches the level of new product usefulness. The results also reveal that motivated consumer innovativeness has a positive moderating role on the relationship between new product originality and consumers' new product adoption intentions when both attributes are at a lower level. The theoretical and practical implications for new product development and marketing communications are discussed.
The Antecedents and Consequences of Affordable Value Innovations for Emerging Markets
Authors: Ernst Holger , Kahle Hanna Nari , Dubiel Anna , Prabhu Jaideep , Subramaniam Mohan
Published: June 2014

Emerging markets offer tremendous growth opportunities for firms. While established multinational firms typically focus on premium segments in emerging markets, they often fail to leverage additional growth opportunities in so‐called good enough or low‐income segments in emerging markets. Customers in these low‐income markets have substantially different requirements and are very price sensitive. Theoretical and case‐based research suggests that innovating for these low‐income segments in emerging markets differs significantly from innovating for premium or traditional Western markets.

We argue that tapping successfully into low‐income segments in emerging markets requires the development of new products that meet the low price expectations while at the same time offering also value to customers in these segments. We refer to these new products as affordable value innovations.

We analyze the antecedents of affordable value innovation for emerging markets. We draw on institutional theory to derive three potentially relevant antecedents of affordable value innovation for emerging markets. These are bricolage, local embeddedness, and standardization. We test our hypotheses using multiple informant data from 47 multinational corporations involving 103 innovation projects that target low‐income customers in emerging markets. Our empirical analysis shows that all three antecedents have significant effects on the level of affordable value innovation: while bricolage and local embeddedness are positively related to the level of affordable value innovation, standardization has a negative impact.

We also examine the relationship between the level of affordable value innovation and performance. We find evidence for our basic assumption that a firm's capability to develop and launch affordable value innovations is key to success in emerging markets. It indicates that a firm's investments in affordable value innovations for emerging markets pay off financially.

Finally, a cross‐regional comparison of our data shows that the key findings on antecedents of affordable value innovation and its impact on performance do not vary across various emerging markets. Overall, our findings offer important implications for research on and the practice of innovation for low‐income segments in emerging markets.
PERSPECTIVE: Older Adults' Adoption of Technology: An Integrated Approach to Identifying Determinants and Barriers
Authors: Lee Chaiwoo , Coughlin Joseph F.
Published: June 2014

Technology has recently begun to be explored as a way to cope with the challenges related to the aging of the population. However, while many technological systems for older adults have entered the market, the rate of adoption is low despite the potential benefits they intend to provide. The market response suggests that older adults' adoption of technology is not simply a matter of performance and price, but a complex issue that is affected by multiple factors. To address the issue in a more comprehensive way, this review study identifies factors that influence older adults' perceptions and decisions around adoption and use of technology‐enabled products and services with an integration of related findings from various fields. Based on a survey of related studies, 10 factors—value, usability, affordability, accessibility, technical support, social support, emotion, independence, experience, and confidence—are identified as the facilitators or determinants of older adults' adoption of technology. While previous studies have focused on detailed design and physical ease‐of‐use, the 10 factors provide a holistic framework that covers social contexts of use and delivery and communication channels as well as individual characteristics and technical features. This paper describes the factors with empirical evidence and design implications. The goal of this paper is to provide a base for a more comprehensive understanding of older adults as users and consumers of technology; to inform designers, developers, and managers about practical implications; and to set a research agenda for future studies in related fields.
Human Rights as a Security Threat: Lawfare and the Campaign against Human Rights NGOs
Authors: Gordon Neve
Published: June 2014

In this article, I show how the term lawfare is being deployed as a speech act in order to encode the field of human rights as a national security threat. The objective, I claim, is to hinder the work of human rights organizations that produce and disseminate knowledge about social wrongs perpetrated by military personnel and government officials, particularly evidence of acts emanating from the global war on terrorism—such as torture and extrajudicial executions—that constitute war crimes and can be presented in courts that exercise universal jurisdiction. Using Israel as a case study, I investigate the local and global dimensions of the securitization processes, focusing on how different securitizing actors—academics, nongovernmental organizations, think tanks, policy makers, and legislators—mobilize the media, shape public opinion, lobby legislators and policy makers, introduce new laws, and pressure donors to pave the way for a form of exceptional intervention to limit the scope of human rights work.
Djuna Barnes'sNightwoodand Decadent Style
Authors: Gutkin Len
Published: June 2014

In this article, I treat the question of Djuna Barnes's debt to decadent aesthetics. Reviewing and synthesizing critical engagement with Barnesian decadence from the 30s through the present, I suggest that decadent style for Barnes should be understood as primarily a function of her ornate similes, which sever tenor from vehicle. Furthermore, I read Barnes's stylistic archaisms – her masterful plundering of past idioms, from Chaucer to Donne to Burton – in terms of decadent and aestheticist fascination with the rhythms of the past. Taking my cue from Carolyn Williams on Pater, I dub Barnes's method “decadent historicism.” Finally, reviewing some of the more recent scholarship on Barnes, I look at Nightwood's animal imagery and its link to degeneration theory, decadence's scientistic shadow.