bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Discourse Practices in Elementary Science Classrooms using Argument-Based Inquiry during Whole-Class Dialogue
Authors: Benus Matthew J. , Yarker Morgan B. , Hand Brian M. , Norton-Meier Lori A.
Published: January 2013

This chapter discusses an analysis of discourse practices found in eight different elementary science classrooms that have implemented the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) approach to argument-based inquiry. The analysis for this study involved examining a segment of whole-class talk that began after a small group presented its claim and evidence and ended when the discussion moved on to a new topic, or when a different group presented. The framework for the analysis of this whole-class dialogue developed through an iterative process that was first informed by previous analysis, review and modification of other instruments, and notable anomalies of difference from this data set. Each classroom was then rated using the Reform Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP), which provided a score for the extent to which the teacher was engaged with reform-based science teaching practices. Our analysis shows that elements of whole-class dialogue in argument-based inquiry classrooms were different across varying levels of RTOP implementation. Overall, low level RTOP implementation (little evidence of reformed-based practice) had a question and answer format during whole class talk that rarely included discourse around scientific reasoning and justification. Higher levels of RTOP implementation were more likely to be focused on student use of scientific evidence to anchor and develop a scientific understanding of “big ideas” in science. These findings are discussed in relation to teacher professional development in argument-based inquiry, science literacy, and the teacher’s and students’ grasp of science practice.
Measuring and Facilitating Highly Effective Inquiry-Based Teaching and Learning in Science Classrooms
Authors: Marshall Jeff C.
Published: January 2013

For the last decade or so there has been a huge push to incorporate best practice into the classroom. For science, this includes bringing effective inquiry-based instruction into all classrooms as a means to engage the learner. However, all inquiry instruction is not equal in terms of improving student achievement and conceptual development. This chapter explores how four critical constructs to learning (curriculum, instruction, discourse, and assessment) can be effectively measured and then used to guide more effective instructional practice. The Electronic Quality of Inquiry Protocol (EQUIP) is an instrument that can be used to measure and then to frame the discussion regarding the quality of inquiry-based instructional practice. Specifically, this chapter provides an overview of EQUIP, details the reliability and validity of EQUIP, shares a sample lesson that is analyzed using EQUIP, explores ways that EQUIP can help with teacher transformation relative to inquiry instruction, and addresses the relationship of EQUIP scores and student achievement data. There is a very high correlation between teacher performance on EQUIP and the ensuing student growth noted during an academic year.
Research Review
Authors: Yadav Vanita
Published: January 2013

Getting requirements right is considered the most important and difficult part of the software development process. As organizations and stakeholders become more globally distributed, getting requirements right will pose a greater challenge. Today, organizations are offered a sophisticated array of multimedia meeting systems with video, audio and computer support for remotely specifying requirements. In the context of present day’s global workforce scenario, distributed requirements engineering is now being explored by researchers as well as industry to build an understanding of the dynamics of this highly interactive phase in a globally distributed context. Accordingly, this paper addresses the timely need of reviewing the literature on globally distributed requirements engineering. Findings highlight paucity of literature in this area. Additionally, the paper presents an innovative approach to globally distributed requirements engineering by reviewing the literature on the applicability of agile development approach in a globally distributed setting. Contributing to academic and practitioner literature, the author discusses emerging directions for future research in this area.
Tripartition of Knowledge in Knowledge-Intensive Services
Authors: Kurtti Tytti , Määttä Samppa , Aaltonen Jukka , Turunen Annamari , Riipi Sari
Published: January 2013

The Service Process Management in Travel Business Networks project focuses on knowledge tripartition. It is carried out at the University of Lapland with the aim of defining knowledge management, network management, and customer relations management from the practical point of view. The implementation of the project entails cooperation with enterprises involved in the travel industry in Lapland. This article examines knowledge-intensive services in the travel industry from the viewpoint of knowledge tripartition. The focus is on implicit knowledge and its special character in the organizational context. Implicit knowledge lies between explicit and tacit knowledge. The conclusion is that implicit knowledge should be taken into account in organizational action. The question is whether this tripartition makes organizational environment clearer or more complex.
Creativity as a Predictor of Business Performance
Authors: Ojo Olu
Published: January 2013

This study investigates the impact of creativity as a predictor of business performance of undergraduate entrepreneurs in Nigerian universities. Survey research design was used. A sample size of 120 respondents was selected while only 100 of them actively participated in the study. Research questions were set with one main hypothesis that was formulated and tested. Descriptive statistics comprising the simple percentage and tables were used for detailed presentation and analysis of data. The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was adopted to test the hypothesis. The study reveals that there is a positive relationship between creativity and business performance. The researcher concluded by recommending that young entrepreneurs be more creative, attend more business seminars, invest in reading wide, scanning the environment regularly, and identifying society problems as well as customers’ needs and wants. It was also recommended that universities should widen their curricula to include core courses that encourage creativity, lateral-thinking, brainstorming, and problem solving as well as entrepreneurship development. In addition, universities should set up programmes to encourage the commercialisation of student’s business ideas and possibly self employment scheme.
Towards Reducing Common Ergonomic Hazards and Alleviating Techno-Stress Associated with the Adoption of Information and Communication Technology
Authors: Agboola Ayodeji Akinlolu
Published: January 2013

The paper examines how to alleviate ergonomic hazard and techno-stress associated with the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The University of Botswana was used as a case study. Personal observation and interviews were used to elicit information from the staff and students of the University. The rate of adoption of ICT was very high in the University. Most daily routines of academic and administrative duties were done through the Webct and network connection to mopipi.ub.bw. However, a serious gap was discovered in ergonomic practices because design of workstations did not perfectly match the standard expected to facilitate functionality and usability. It is imperative for the university to adopt the provisions of occupational health and safety policy to harmonize the environment, tools, and workers to achieve maximum efficiency and optimal performance.
Cyber War Retaliation Decision
Authors: Zineddine Mhamed
Published: January 2013

Information Communication Technology (ICT) has become a core part of every organization. Any disruption in ICT’s main infrastructure may have severe impacts and lead to huge losses. Governmental and military institutions’ facilities, networks, and infrastructure are no exception. Defending the ICT military and public installations and infrastructure is vital in both times of peace and war. This study proposes a decision model using the appropriate criteria and fuzzy multiple criteria decision making to select the right action after a cyber-attack. The results show that the fuzzy multiple criteria model constructed in this study could indeed mitigate the inadequacies and uncertainties surrounding the decision to retaliate after a cyber-attack.
Adapting the Current National Defence Doctrine to Cyber Domain
Authors: Tuukkanen Topi
Published: January 2013

The current defence doctrine in Finland is analysed from a cyber perspective, and doctrinal tenets that adapt to the cyber domain as well as fundaments that do not, are pointed out. In most cases, current defence doctrine and fundaments can be adjusted to cyber domain. Some need more research and planning, but also new legislation and organisational arrangements would be needed. As such, a cyber defence doctrine has a sound basis but should be elaborated in more detail once national cyber security strategy has been completed.
“If Many Were Involved”
Authors: Gray Kathleen , Carter Matt
Published: January 2013

There is interest amongst educators in engaging university students in learning communities through social web technologies. Asking students to create and share content through social bookmarking is often suggested. However there are few evidence-based evaluations of actual implementations of social bookmarking. This paper reports on one implementation, comparing the rationale for the learning activity from a teaching perspective with an interpretation of project outcomes from students’ perspectives. The authors found that despite students understanding the potential value of participation in this activity, it didn’t translate into actual participation. The authors explain this outcome by recognising students as rationally self-interested actors who find themselves in a ‘prisoner’s dilemma,’ using a concept from game theory. This analysis supports the authors’ conclusion that efforts to engage students must be directed to encouraging their belief that all students will participate.
Students Perceptions on Distance Education in Ethiopian Higher Education
Authors: Seyoum Yilfashewa
Published: January 2013

The study explores students’ perceptions in open and distance education at Haramaya University. A total of 120 students (90 male and 30 female) represent the study sample. Data were collected from the audience through a questionnaire which consisted of open ended items with a reliability of a equal to 0.96. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA (One-way &Two-way) and the Pearson Product Moment Correlation(r). The results disclosed a considerable proportion of students’ have the perceptions that the quality of distance education system in general and the distance teacher training program in particular ranges from moderate to poor. Female learners’ demonstrate lower perceptions of the quality of the program while their male counterpart demonstrates high quality perceptions. There is a positive correlation between academic score and perceptions score. Married learners show a lower level of academic achievement compared to those who are unmarried. The natural science students have better academic performance and higher perceptions scores than social science and language students. And, high achievers show significant higher perceptions than the low and average achievers. In addition, diploma students demonstrate higher perceptions scores than the BA/BSC or certificate students with regards to the ODL system of education.
Online Interest Groups
Authors: Getzlaf Beverley , Melrose Sherri , Moore Sharon , Ewing Helen L. , Fedorchuk James , Troute-Wood Tammy
Published: January 2013

This article discusses a 15 month educational innovation project, the objective of which was to investigate the perceptions of health profession students about their participation in a program-wide virtual community gathering space (Clinical Interest Groups) during their online graduate studies. Participants were students in two graduate programs who joined online forum discussions of the Clinical Interest Groups. The project was developed as action research and employed an exploratory, descriptive methodology to generate data from three sources: participant responses to a 15-item Likert type questionnaire, five open-ended questions included on the questionnaire, and online postings contributed by participants to the forum discussions. Findings of use to online educators are that the Clinical Interest Groups provided a gathering place in which graduate students could discuss common interests and support one another, and that participation in the groups was limited due to competing demands on students’ time from other commitments.
G-HABC Algorithm for Training Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Shah Habib , Ghazali Rozaida , Nawi Nazri Mohd , Deris Mustafa Mat
Published: January 2013

Learning problems for Neural Network (NN) has widely been explored in the past two decades. Researchers have focused more on population-based algorithms because of its natural behavior processing. The population-based algorithms are Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), and recently Hybrid Ant Bee Colony (HABC) algorithm produced an easy way for NN training. These social based techniques are mostly used for finding best weight values and over trapping local minima in NN learning. Typically, NN trained by traditional approach, namely the Backpropagation (BP) algorithm, has difficulties such as trapping in local minima and slow convergence. The new method named Global Hybrid Ant Bee Colony (G-HABC) algorithm which can overcome the gaps in BP is used to train the NN for Boolean Function classification task. The simulation results of the NN when trained with the proposed hybrid method were compared with that of Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and ordinary ABC. From the results, the proposed G-HABC algorithm has shown to provide a better learning performance for NNs with reduced CPU time and higher success rates.
Comparing LR, GP, BPN, RBF and SVR for Self-Learning Pattern Matching in WSN Indoor Localization
Authors: Chang Ray-I , Chuang Chi-Cheng
Published: January 2013

It is a challenging issue to apply WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) to achieve accurate location information. PM (Pattern Matching), known as one of the most famous localization methods, has the drawback of requiring high initialization effort to predict/train MF (Matching Function). In this paper, the authors propose SPM (Self-learning PM) to improve not only the localization accuracy but also the initialization effort of PM. SPM applies a divide-and-conquer self-learning scheme to reduce the number of training patterns in training. Additionally, it introduces a Bayesian filtering scheme to remove the noise signal caused by multipath effects so as to enhance localization accuracy accordingly. This paper applies different training methods (linear regression, Gaussian process, backpropagation network, radial basis function, and support vector regression) to evaluate the performances of SPM and PM in a complicated indoor environment. Experiments show that SPM is better than PM for all training methods applied. SPM can use up to 72% fewer training patterns than PM to achieve the same localization accuracy. If the same number of training patterns is utilized, SPM can achieve up to 58% higher localization accuracy than PM.
The Iranian Wheat Growers’ Climate Information Use
Authors: Sharifzadeh Maryam , Zamani Gholam , Karami Ezatollah Hossein , Khalili Davar , Tatnall Arthur
Published: January 2013

This research project employed an interdisciplinary attempt to study agricultural climate information use, linking sociology of translation (actor-network theory) and actor analysis premises in a qualitative research design. The research method used case study approaches and purposively selected a sample consisting of wheat growers of the Fars province of Iran, who are known as contact farmers. Concepts from actor-network theory (ANT) have been found to provide a useful perspective on the description and analysis of the cases. The data were analyzed using a combination of an actor-network theory (ANT) framework and the dynamic actor-network analysis (DANA) model. The findings revealed socio political (farmers’ awareness, motivation, and trust), and information processing factors (accuracy of information, access to information, and correspondence of information to farmers’ condition) as the key elements in facilitating climate information use in farming practices.
Methodological Issues for the Logic of Questions and Commands
Authors: Girle Roderic A. , McKeown-Green Jonathan
Published: January 2013

There has been much recent interest in logics for questions and commands. The authors approve, but they argue that methodological issues must be addressed, before it is possible to understand what such logics are for and what they should be like. In particular, the authors deny that the formulas in such logics correspond directly to sentences in ordinary language. Logic is not linguistics. What then are the semantics for the formulas of logics of questions and commands? The focus here is mostly on questions. The authors argue that logics designed to capture the conditions for correct reasoning involving questions require a semantics that treats question-answer pairs as values. They also argue that formal dialogue approaches to the logic of questions should be interpreted in the light of the denial that logic is about language.
Can AI Models Capture Natural Language Argumentation?
Authors: Amgoud Leila , Prade Henri
Published: January 2013

Formal AI models of argumentation define arguments as reasons that support claims (which may be beliefs, decisions, actions, etc.). Such arguments may be attacked by other arguments. The main issue is then to identify the accepted ones. Several semantics were thus proposed for evaluating the arguments. Works in linguistics focus mainly on understanding the notion of argument, identifying its types, and describing different forms of counter-argumentation. This paper advocates that such typologies are instrumental for capturing real argumentations. It shows that some of the forms cannot be handled properly by AI models. Finally, it shows that the use of square of oppositions (a very old logical device) illuminates the interrelations between the different forms of argumentation.
Using Argumentation Schemes for Argument Extraction
Authors: Walton Douglas
Published: January 2013

This paper surveys the state-of-the-art of argumentation schemes used as argument extraction techniques in cognitive informatics and uses examples to show how a series of connected problems needs to be solved to move these techniques forward to computational implementation. Some of the schemes considered are argument from expert opinion, practical reasoning, argument from negative consequences, fear appeal arguments, argument from commitment, argument from inconsistent commitments, and the circumstantial ad hominem argument. The paper shows how schemes need to be formed into clusters of sub-schemes work toward a classification system of schemes from the bottom up, and how identification conditions for each scheme can be helpful for argument extraction.
Benefits of Dynamic Routing in a Distribution System with Single Warehouse and Multiple Retailers
Authors: Zhai Xin
Published: January 2013

The author investigates a distribution system consisting of one warehouse and multiple retailers. First, they study the characteristics of a dynamic allocation policy associated with dynamic routing policy. The authors, then, conduct simulation study to investigate the performance of different forms of dynamic routing policies under both symmetric and asymmetric scenarios. The author’s numerical findings show that both SLIF (Static Least Inventory First) routing and DLIF (Dynamic Least Inventory First) routing outperform static routing significantly. In addition, DLIF routing provides more savings compared to SLIF routing. When the asymmetry among retailers is not significant, both SLIF routing and DLIF routing can be used as good heuristic dynamic routing policies given that they are easy to execute.
My App is an Experiment
Authors: Henze Niels , Pielot Martin , Poppinga Benjamin , Schinke Torben , Boll Susanne
Published: January 2013

Experiments are a cornerstone of HCI research. Mobile distribution channels such as Apple’s App Store and Google’s Android Market have created the opportunity to bring experiments to the end user. Hardly any experience exists on how to conduct such experiments successfully. This article reports on five experiments that were conducted by publishing Apps in the Android Market. The Apps are freely available and have been installed more than 30,000 times. The outcomes of the experiments range from failure to valuable insights. Based on these outcomes, the authors identified factors that account for the success of experiments using mobile application stores. When generalizing findings it must be considered that smartphone users are a non-representative sample of the world’s population. Most participants can be obtained by informing users about the study when the App had been started for the first time. Because Apps are often used for a short time only, data should be collected as early as possible. To collect valuable qualitative feedback other channels than user comments and email have to be used. Finally, the interpretation of collected data has to consider unpredicted usage patterns to provide valid conclusions.
Software Reuse in Open Source
Authors: Capiluppi Andrea , Stol Klaas-Jan , Boldyreff Cornelia
Published: January 2013

A promising way to support software reuse is based on Component-Based Software Development (CBSD). Open Source Software (OSS) products are increasingly available that can be freely used in product development. However, OSS communities still face several challenges before taking full advantage of the “reuse mechanism”: many OSS projects duplicate effort, for instance when many projects implement a similar system in the same application domain and in the same topic. One successful counter-example is the FFmpeg multimedia project; several of its components are widely and consistently reused in other OSS projects. Documented is the evolutionary history of the various libraries of components within the FFmpeg project, which presently are reused in more than 140 OSS projects. Most use them as black-box components; although a number of OSS projects keep a localized copy in their repositories, eventually modifying them as needed (white-box reuse). In both cases, the authors argue that FFmpeg is a successful project that provides an excellent exemplar of a reusable library of OSS components.
Games and Politics
Authors: Hofer Tracy
Published: January 2013

The fact that the U.S. and China have maintained large and persistent financial imbalances is not under dispute. There is disagreement about whether or not these imbalances can be sustained. Within this discussion, much of the literature focuses on the corrective policies required by the U.S. and/or China to eliminate these imbalances, if one considers correction necessary. This paper argues that the appropriate way to model the correction decision for both the U.S. and China is to use a game-theoretic approach. An example is then provided that illustrates how a game-theoretic model can be used to determine the equilibrium policy choices by the U.S. and China under two different assumptions: that the imbalances are sustainable and also under the assumption that the imbalances are unsustainable. Lastly, it is argued that only by utilizing a political economy model, can the choice of policy actions with each country be fully examined, as the policies are undertaken under political constraints in each country.
On the Need for Financial Epidemiology
Authors: Hackney Donald D. , Friesner Daniel , McPherson Matthew L.
Published: January 2013

As economic conditions decline, U.S. households continue to be pushed towards the brink of financial insolvency. Unfortunately, current legal and market protection policies are largely ex post, and do little to alleviate financial distress until after insolvency occurs. This paper argues that such policies are inherently flawed. Instead, policies should be designed using an ecological approach to household decision making, and interventions based on those policies should be primarily preventive in nature. Household financial conditions must be closely monitored at the individual, community and population levels using rigorous empirical methods by organizations that have a vested interest in preserving household financial stability. Overall, these ends can be met by adapting epidemiological, and more broadly public health, frameworks into the current legal and market protection initiatives.
The Feasibility of Small Hydro-Electric Generation in a Large Urban Area
Authors: Zhang Benson Y. , Taylor Adam
Published: January 2013

The possibilities of generating electric power from relatively small hydro-electric sources in a large urban area is investigated. Two different aspects of hydro-electric sources have been studied: storm/waste water pipes in large multi-tenanted residential buildings and urban storm water discharge area (CSI area). The potential to generate from these sources has been investigated using a micro-turbine. The potential electric power which could be extracted from the sources was estimated using energy conservation equations under normal engineering assumptions. While technically feasible, all options are shown to be uneconomic in practice.
The Convergence between Cloud Computing and Cable TV
Authors: Yang Yu , Chen Jindan , Hu Hanhui
Published: January 2013

This paper explores the nature and potential of the convergence between cloud computing and cable TV. The paper begins by discussing the fundamental issues and challenges in traditional cable TV and then focuses on opportunities and possibilities in relation to the overlap between cable TV and cloud computing. In addition, this study compares the situation before and after this convergence occurs and examines the related value chain. A descriptive case study related to Google TV is also conducted to gain a better understanding of the convergence between traditional cable activities and the relatively new and unexplored area of cloud computing.
The Impact of Trust on E-Government Services Acceptance
Authors: Alshehri Mohammed , Drew Steve , Alhussain Thamer , Alghamdi Rayed
Published: January 2013

Many governments around the world aim seriously to make their services available online and deliver it to their citizens in professional and secure manner. E-government services aims to improve and facilitate the communication between government and citizens by increasing the usage of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in government operations. It will provide all government services in electronic form to all citizens in a timely, easy, high quality and effective manner with great productivity and time savings. However, user acceptance is one of the essential keys for adoption and success of e-government application and services. Many studies emphasize that trust is one of the important factors in the adoption studies of e-government. This paper examines the effect of trust as independent variable of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model on user’s acceptance and use of e-government services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Based on the amended (UTAUT) model we study the impact of trust on the adoption of e-government services form citizens’ perception.
An Optimal and Complete Algorithm for Automatic Web Service Composition
Authors: Rodriguez-Mier Pablo , Mucientes Manuel , Vidal Juan C. , Lama Manuel
Published: January 2013

The ability of web services to build and integrate loosely-coupled systems has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers in the field of the automatic web service composition. The combination of different web services to build complex systems can be carried out using different control structures to coordinate the execution flow and, therefore, finding the optimal combination of web services represents a non-trivial search effort. Furthermore, the time restrictions together with the growing number of available services complicate further the composition problem. In this paper the authors present an optimal and complete algorithm which finds all valid compositions from the point of view of the semantic input-output message structure matching. Given a request, a service dependency graph which represents a suboptimal solution is dynamically generated. Then, the solution is improved using a backward heuristic search based on the A* algorithm which finds all the possible solutions with different number of services and runpath. Moreover, in order to improve the scalability of our approach, a set of dynamic optimization techniques have been included. The proposal has been validated using eight different repositories from the Web Service Challenge 2008, obtaining all optimal solutions with minimal overhead.
Nest Architectural Patterns by Three Wasp Species (Vespa velutina, Polistes flavus and Sceliphron formosum) with Reference to Their Behavior
Authors: Perveen Farzana , Shah Muzafar
Published: January 2013

In the present study, the nest architectural patterns, elemental analysis and their behavior were carried out in three wasp species: Vespa velutina (Lepeletier), Polistes flavus (Cresson) and Sceliphron formosum (Smith) from the different localities of the Mansehra, Pakistan. The V. velutina nest was completely closed except for one opening for entry or exit with 1–10 layers of hexagonal cells inside the nest. The nests of P. flavus were found among bunches of leaves of trees with 1–5 layers and hexagonal cells same as in V. velutina. Nests of the S. formosum were pitcher-shaped, found in muddy places, and consisted of 1–10 cells. Social behavior of wasps showed strong foraging, defensive behaviors, pseudo-attack, subsequent erratic flight, wing buzzing, mandibular pecking, abdominal pumping and abdominal twisting with highly developed parental care. It was concluded that the behaviors of these 3 wasp species was highly developed as compared with other insects.
Developing a Tool to Assess the Quality of Socio-Demographic Data in Community Health Centres
Authors: Shachak A. , Laberge M.
Published: January 2013

Objective: The objectives of this study are to 1) create a quality assessment tool for socio-demographic data aligned with the needs of Community Health Centres (CHCs) and based on the data quality framework of the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), and 2) test the feasibility of the tool in CHCs.

Methods: The tool was developed based on both theoretical and practical knowledge. A review of the literature was performed to identify data quality frameworks and dimensions that could be employed. In addition, informal discussions with Community Health Centres staff members holding various positions were conducted and a team of subject matter experts was established. This approach supported the alignment between the tool (i.e., the indicators developed, the rating scale, and weighting system) and the setting for which it has been designed. The tool was pilot tested in five CHCs across Ontario.

Results: The decision to focus on socio-demographic data was based on findings from the discussions with staff members. The team established nine principles for the development of the tool, including the use of computer software, whenever possible, to query the data and ensure consistency of the measurement. Data quality scores ranged from 45 to 74 on a scale of 0 (lowest quality) to 100 (highest data quality), with one CHC that was not able to run all of the queries. The feedback from staff was positive and supports the feasibility of the tool as an application of the CIHI data quality framework in a local setting.

Conclusion: Pilot test results demonstrate the feasibility of the tool and an applicability of the CIHI framework as a basis for developing tools for data quality assessment in health care organizations.

Citation: Laberge M, Shachak A. Developing a tool to assess the quality of socio-demographic data in community health centres. Appl Clin Inf 2012; 4:1–11

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2012-10-CR-0041
Morphometric Study of the Jugular Foramen in Northwest Indian Population
Authors: Aggarwal Anjali , Gupta Tulika , Kaur Harjeet , Singla Anjali , Sahni Daisy
Published: January 2013

Context

Most of the approaches for skull base surgeries are designed to drill the bone around the jugular foramen for proper exposure. In order to achieve this, an understanding of normal morphometric dimensions of jugular foramen is necessary.

Aim

To conduct the morphometric analysis and anatomical variations of jugular foramen (JF) in Northwest Indian population.

Settings and design

Anatomic study using human skulls.

Materials and methods

Anteroposterior and mediolateral diameter of jugular foramen, depth (if domed) and width of jugular fossa were measured with the help of digital vernier caliper.

Statistical analysis used

The mean, standard deviation (SD) and range of each dimension was computed. A comparison between right and left jugular foramina was made by using student's t-test.

Results

Mediolateral diameter of jugular foramen and width of jugular fossa was significantly higher on the right side. An abnormal unilateral blockage of jugular foramen by a bone growth converting it into a slit was noted with anteroposterior (AP) diameter of 2.37 mm in one skull. Bilateral complete septation of jugular foramen into two and three compartments was observed in 2 (4%) and 3 (6%) of the skulls respectively. The domed bony roof was noticed in 66% of the skulls on both the sides.

Conclusion

The observed variations of JF are possibly due to constitutional, racial or genetic factors. Knowledge of the observed variations of this foramen may be important for neurosurgeons, radiologists and anthropologists.

Key message

The total subdivision of jugular foramen is not common in our environment. The jugular foramen is generally larger on right side. This study supports reported morphometric variations of jugular foramen, besides adding data on the Northwest Indian population.

Abbreviation

CC: carotid canal; BO: basi-occiput; OC: occipital condyle; JF: jugular foramen; S: styloid process.

How to cite this article

Singla A, Sahni D, Aggarwal A, Gupta T, Kaur H. Morphometric Study of the Jugular Foramen in Northwest Indian Population. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(4):165-171.
A Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of fixed Combinations of Latanoprost/Timolol vs Dorzolamide/Timolol in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
Authors: Ratol Sukhsagar , Walia Rani , Chaudhry Mridu
Published: January 2013

Background

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. The fundamental problem in medical management of glaucoma is of patient compliance. An ideal drug or a drug combination is needed to slow the progression of this majorly symptomless disease.

Aim

To compare the efficacy and tolerability of the fixed combination latanoprost and timolol instilled once daily in the evening vs fixed combination of dorzolamide and timolol instilled twice daily in primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Materials and methods

A 12-week, randomized, open, parallel group study including 50 patients with primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Patients were randomized to group 1, (fixed combination (FC) latanoprost and timolol eye drops, once daily in evening) and group 2, (FC dorzolamide and timolol eye drops, twice daily). At baseline, 2, 4 and 12 weeks, IOP was recorded at 9 AM and 12 noon. The difference in IOP reduction in two treatment groups from baseline to 12 weeks was the main outcome measure.

Results

Mean diurnal IOP was similar at baseline for both groups. Mean reduction in IOP from baseline to 12 weeks was 9.92 mm Hg (p = 0.001) in group 1 and 9.22 (p = 0.001) in group 2. The reduction in IOP in both groups 1 and 2 was statistically significant at all time intervals. There was a statistically significant advantage for group 1 at 12 weeks for both time readings (p = 0.013 and 0.002 respectively) as compared to group 2.

Conclusion

The fixed combination of latanoprost and timolol was more effective than that of dorzolamide and timolol in reducing mean diurnal IOP and both treatments were well tolerated. To confirm further such studies are required.

How to cite this article

Ratol S, Walia R, Chaudhry M. A Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of fixed Combinations of Latanoprost/Timolol vs Dorzolamide/Timolol in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(4):172-176.
Clinical Implications of Thermoplastic Mask Immobilization on Acute Effects of Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Bahl Amit , Sharma Suresh C , Ghosal Sushmita , Kapoor Rakesh , Bhattacharya Tapesh
Published: January 2013

Aim

Thermoplastic immobilization devices are used in head and neck radiotherapy to increase precision of treatment delivery. However, there is concern about increase in radiation induced skin morbidity with the use of such devices. This study was conducted with an aim to evaluate any increase in clinically observed skin reactions with the use of thermoplastic immobilization devices.

Materials and methods

Fifty patients of head and neck cancers undergoing radical radiotherapy were randomized into two study groups in this prospective randomized study. Group ‘A’ received treatment with thermoplastic immobilization device. Group ‘B’ received treatment without any immobilization device. A weekly assessment of normal tissue reactions was done using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) acute radiation acute radiation morbidity scoring criteria.

Results

Increase in skin reactions was seen in patients using thermoplastic devices. Grade 3 reactions were seen in 56 vs 52% in the study and control group respectively. The difference was however not statistically significant (p = 0.09).

Conclusion

Increase in skin dose with use of thermoplastic immobilization devices may not clinically translate into a significant increase in acute skin reactions. Thermoplastic immobilization devices can be safely used in head and neck cancers to ensure accurate radiation delivery.

How to cite this article

Bahl A, Ghosal S, Kapoor R, Bhattacharya T, Sharma SC. Clinical Implications of Thermoplastic Mask Immobilization on Acute Effects of Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(4):187-189.
Multiple Vertebral Hemangiomas Mimicking Metastases in a Patient with Renal Carcinoma: Importance of Hybrid Imaging with SPECT/CT and FDG PET/CT
Authors: Mittal BR , Bhattacharya A , Manohar K , Parghane RVR , Kumari S , Mandal AK
Published: January 2013

Vertebral hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the spine and usually present as cold defects on skeletal scintigraphy. However, these lesions may rarely show uptake of Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate, mimicking metastases. In this patient with renal carcinoma, abnormal vertebral tracer uptake (indicative of skeletal metastases on planar bone scintigraphy) was subsequently localized to vertebral lesions identified as hemangiomas on the CT component of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). None of these hemangiomas showed any uptake of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose on positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT).

How to cite this article

Manohar K, Parghane RVR, Kumari S, Bhattacharya A, Mandal AK, Mittal BR. Multiple Vertebral Hemangiomas Mimicking Metastases in a Patient with Rena Carcinoma: Importance of Hybrid Imaging with SPECT/CT and FDG PET/CT. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(4):196-197.
Utility of F-18 Fluorothymidine PET Over F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in Detection of a Recurrent Glioma
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Bhattacharya Anish , Kashyap Raghava , Tiwari Manoj Kumar , Senthil Raja , Mittal Bhagwant Rai
Published: January 2013

Differentiation of postsurgical or postradiation necrosis from tumor recurrence is a clinical dilemma. Magnetic resonance imaging does not always perform well in this setting. Several nuclear medicine techniques are available that offer a solution in such a clinical situation. We report a case where F-18 flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) and F-18 fluorothymidine (FLT) PET/CT were used to identify recurrence of a glioma.

How to cite this article

Kashyap R, Tiwari MK, Senthil R, Bhattacharya A, Gupta V, Mittal BR. Utility of F-18 Fluorothymidine PET Over F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in Detection of a Recurrent Glioma. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(4):202-203.
An examination of two pathway to tropical cyclogenesis occurring in idealized simulations with a cloud-resolving numerical model
Authors: Nicholls M. E. , Montgomery M. T.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Simulations are conducted with a cloud-resolving numerical model to examine the transformation of a weak incipient mid-level cyclonic vortex into a tropical cyclone. Results demonstrate that two distinct pathways are possible and that development along a particular pathway is sensitive to model physics and initial conditions. One pathway involves a steady increase of the surface winds to tropical cyclone strength as the radius of maximum winds gradually decreases. A notable feature of this evolution is the creation of small-scale lower tropospheric cyclonic vorticity anomalies by deep convective towers and subsequent merger and convergence by the low-level secondary circulation. The second pathway also begins with a strengthening low-level circulation, but eventually a significantly stronger mid-level circulation develops. Cyclogenesis occurs subsequently when a small-scale surface concentrated vortex forms abruptly near the center of the larger-scale circulation. The small-scale vortex is warm core throughout the troposphere and results in a local surface pressure fall of a few millibars. It usually develops rapidly, undergoing a modest growth to form a small tropical cyclone. Many of the simulated systems approach or reach tropical cyclone strength prior to development of a prominent mid-level vortex so that the subsequent formation of a strong small-scale surface concentrated vortex in these cases could be considered intensification rather than genesis. Experiments are performed to investigate the dependence on the inclusion of the ice phase, radiation, the size and strength of the incipient mid-level vortex, the amount of moisture present in the initial vortex, and the sea surface temperature. Notably, as the sea surface temperature is raised, the likelihood of development along the second pathway is increased. This appears to be related to an increased production of ice. The sensitivity of the pathway taken to model physics and initial conditions revealed by these experiments raise the possibility that the solution to this initial value problem is near a bifurcation point. Future improvements to model parameterizations and more accurate observations of the transformation of disturbances to tropical cyclones should clarify the conditions that favor a particular pathway when starting from a mid-level vortex.
Variations of multi-parameter observations in atmosphere related to earthquake
Authors: Jing F. , Shen X. H. , Kang C. L. , Xiong P.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Anomalies of multi-parameters (outgoing longwave radiation, surface latent heat flux, air temperature, relative humidity, and air pressure) before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Ms =8.0 earthquake were discussed in order to obtain the seismic precursors. Multi-parameter data were computed based on multi-year background data. The results indicated that these parameters had significant variations prior to this event. The anomaly of outgoing longwave radiation was observed firstly, which gives an early warning. Next were air temperature, relative humidity, and air pressure, which had quasi-simultaneous variations in the basin and the mountain region close to the epicenter. The last was surface latent heat flux, which happened the day before this event. The characteristics of the parameter variations for this event are similar to other earthquakes, which is demonstrated in some other publications. The variations can be attributed to solid earth degassing and chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Additionally, the emission of gases from solid earth into the atmosphere could be ascribed to the tectonic stress of the Wenchuan earthquake.
Coseismic slip in the 2010 Yushu earthquake (China), constrained by wide-swath and strip-map InSAR
Authors: Wen Y. , Xu C. , Liu Y. , Jiang G. , He P.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. On 14 April 2010, an Mw = 6.9 earthquake occurred in the Yushu county of China, which caused ~3000 people to lose their lives. Integrated with the information from the observed surface ruptures and aftershock locations, the faulting pattern of this earthquake is derived from the descending wide-swath and ascending strip mode PALSAR data collected by ALOS satellite. We used a layered crustal model and stress drop smoothing constraint to infer the coseismic slip distribution. Our model suggests that the earthquake fault can be divided into four segments and the slip mainly occurs within the upper 12 km with a maximum slip of 2.0 m at depth of 3 km on the Jiegu segment. The rupture of the upper 12 km is dominated by left-lateral strike-slip motion. The relatively small slip along the SE region of Yushu segment suggests a slip deficit there. The inverted geodetic moment is approximately Mw = 6.9, consistent with the seismological results. The average stress drop caused by the earthquake is about 2 MPa with a maximum stress drop of 8.3 MPa. Furthermore, the calculated static Coulomb stress changes in surrounding regions show increased Coulomb stress occurred in the SE region along the Yushu segment but with less aftershock, indicating an increased seismic hazard in this region after the earthquake.
The Expression of Egfl7 in Human Normal Tissues and Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Fan Chun , Yang Lian-Yue , Wu Fan , Tao Yi-Ming , Liu Lin-Sen , Zhang Jin-Fan , He Ya-Ning , Tang Li-Li , Chen Guo-Dong , Guo Lei
Published: January 2013

Background and aims

To investigate the expression of Egfl7 in normal adult human tissues and human epithelial tumors.

Methods

RT-PCR and Western blot were employed to detect Egfl7 expression in normal adult human tissues and 10 human epithelial tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, malignant glioma, ovarian cancer and renal cancer. Immunohistochemistry and cytoimmunofluorescence were subsequently used to determine the localization of Egfl7 in human epithelial tumor tissues and cell lines. ELISA was also carried out to examine the serum Egfl7 levels in cancer patients. In addition, correlations between Egfl7 expression and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis of HCC and breast cancer were also analyzed on the basis of immunohistochemistry results.

Results

Egfl7 was differentially expressed in 19 adult human normal tissues and was overexpressed in all 10 human epithelial tumor tissues. The serum Egfl7 level was also significantly elevated in cancer patients. The increased Egfl7 expression in HCC correlated with vein invasion, absence of capsule formation, multiple tumor nodes and poor prognosis. Similarly, upregulation of Egfl7 in breast cancer correlated strongly with TNM stage, lymphatic metastasis, estrogen receptor positivity, Her2 positivity and poor prognosis.

Conclusions

Egfl7 is significantly upregulated in human epithelial tumor tissues, suggesting Egfl7 to be a potential biomarker for human epithelial tumors, especially HCC and breast cancer.