bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bedeutet Ordnung Wohlbefinden?
Authors: Finklenburg Udo , Konhäuser Tim
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung. Was heißt Selbstvernachlässigung? Bin ich mir egal? Putz ich mir die Zähne nicht? Gönne ich mir zu wenig Schlaf? Welche Bilder habe ich, wenn ich an die Vernachlässigung meiner selbst denke? Anhand einiger Beispiele lässt sich erkennen, dass es für professionelle Pflegende häufig nicht einfach zu fassen ist. Vielleicht lässt sich das Phänomen von der Umkehrung aus betrachten, der Selbstpflege oder der Selbstfürsorge.
Recovery am Beispiel der Hoffnung
Authors: Dieckbreder Frank
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung. Der Begriff der Hoffnung ist im Recovery-Ansatz zentral. Das hört sich gut an, ist doch die Hoffnung etwas, das grundsätzlich optimistisch verstanden und somit als „gut“ bewertet wird. Ein Problem mit dem Begriff Hoffnung entsteht dann, wenn er aus der Begriffsebene herausgeführt und operationalisiert werden soll. In diesem Moment reicht die positive Assoziation mit dem Begriff Hoffnung nicht mehr aus, sondern muss für das Handeln definiert werden. Mit dem folgenden Text wird daher versucht, Annäherungen an Hoffnung als operativen Begriff vorzunehmen.
Using Principal Component Scores to Enhance the Validity and	Reliability of Big Five Personality Measures
Authors: Cucina Jeffrey M. , Vasilopoulos Nicholas L. , DeCostanza Arwen H.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Varimax rotated principal component scores (VRPCS) have previously been offered as a possible solution to the non-orthogonality of scores for the Big Five factors. However, few researchers have examined the reliability and validity of VRPCS. To address this gap, we use a lab study and a field study to investigate whether using VRPCS increase orthogonality, reliability, and criterion-related validity. Compared to the traditional unit-weighting scoring method, the use of VRPCS enhanced the reliability and discriminant validity of the Big Five factors, although there was little improvement in criterion-related validity. Results are discussed in terms of the benefit of using VRPCS instead of traditional unit-weighted sum scores.
Is Maximizing a Bad Thing?
Authors: (Susan) Zhu Xiaoyuan , Dalal Dev K. , Hwang Timothy
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Maximizing Tendency is a decision style characterized by holding a higher standard for one’s decision. Initially, this style had been linked to negative life outcomes (e.g., decision regret, life dissatisfaction, depression), but recent studies have begun to show the opposite. In this study, we argue and test the proposition that relations between maximizing and future-oriented outcomes can be explained by future-oriented thinking. Results show that maximizers are more likely to consider the future consequences of their current actions. In turn, maximizers intend to save more, have more savings, show a greater concern for guiding the next generation, and are less likely to engage in temporal discounting behaviors. The study concludes that maximizing can be a beneficial decision style due, in part, to its impact on future-oriented thinking, and adds to a growing literature suggesting that maximizing can, in fact, be a good thing.
RalBP1 and p19-VHL play an oncogenic role, and p30-VHL plays a tumor suppressor role during the blebbishield emergency program
Authors: Jinesh Goodwin G , Kamat Ashish M
Published: May 2017

Cancer stem cells evade apoptotic death by blebbishield emergency program, which constructs blebbishields from apoptotic bodies and drives cellular transformation. Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) plays both tumor suppressor and oncogenic roles, and the reason behind is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that dimers and trimers of p19-VHL interact with RalBP1 to construct blebbishields. Expression of RalBP1, p19-VHL, and high-molecular weight VHL is required to evade apoptosis by blebbishield-mediated transformation. In contrast, p30-VHL plays a tumor suppressor role by inhibiting blebbishield-mediated transformation. Furthermore, target genes of VHL that suppress oxidative stress were elevated during blebbishield-mediated cellular transformation. Thus, RalBP1 and p19-VHL play an oncogenic role, whereas p30-VHL plays a tumor suppressor role during the blebbishield emergency program by regulating oxidative stress management genes.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: α2,6-Sialylation mediates hepatocellular carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Zhao Y , Wei A , Zhang H , Chen X , Wang L , Zhang H , Yu X , Yuan Q , Zhang J , Wang S
Published: May 2017

Abnormal sialylation due to overexpression of sialyltransferases has been associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Although ST6Gal-I influences cancer persistence and progression by affecting various receptors, the underlying mechanisms and mediators remain largely obscure, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found that ST6Gal-I expression was markedly upregulated in HCC tissues and cells, high levels being associated with aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis. Furthermore, we examined the roles and mechanisms of ST6Gal-I in HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. ST6Gal-I overexpression promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of Huh-7 cells, whereas its knockdown restricted these abilities in MHCC97-H cells. Additionally, in a mouse xenograft model, ST6Gal-I-knockdown MHCC97-H cells formed significantly smaller tumors, implying that ST6Gal-I overexpression can induce HCC cell malignant transformation. Importantly, enhanced HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis by ST6Gal-I may be associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotion, including β-catenin nuclear transition and upregulation of downstream molecules. Together, our results suggest a role for ST6Gal-I in promoting the growth and invasion of HCC cells through the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules, and that ST6Gal-I might be a promising marker for prognosis and therapy of HCC.
Imaging acetaldehyde formation during ethanol metabolism in living cells using a hydrazinyl naphthalimide fluorescent probe
Authors: Reeves A. G. , Subbarao M. , Lippert A. R.
Published: May 2017

The metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde has been visualized in living lung epithelial cells using a hydrazinyl naphthalimide fluorescent probe.
Cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes based on 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-pyridine and 2,2′-(2-phenyl-1H-imidazole-4,5-diyl)dipyridine: acid/base-induced structural transformation and luminescence switching, and photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Gao Tai-Bao , Fan Qianwenhao , Yu Zhen-Tao , Cao Deng-Ke
Published: May 2017

1·PF6and2show luminescence switching behaviors, and serve as photosensitizers for H2evolution.
Strictly linear trinuclear Dy–Ca/Mg–Dy single-molecule magnets: the impact of long-range f–f ferromagnetic interactions on suppressing quantum tunnelling of magnetization leading to slow magnetic relaxation
Authors: Zhang Wan-Ying , Tian Yong-Mei , Li Hong-Feng , Chen Peng , Zhang Yi-Quan , Yan Peng-Fei , Sun Wen-Bin
Published: May 2017

A series of linear trinuclear complexes Ln2M(OQ)8 [Ln(iii) = Dy and Er, M(ii) = Ca and Mg] were structurally and magnetically investigated.
A NbO type Cu(ii) metal–organic framework showing efficient catalytic activity in the Friedländer and Henry reactions
Authors: Gupta Anoop K. , De Dinesh , Bharadwaj Parimal K.
Published: May 2017

A three-dimensionalNbOtype Cu(ii)-MOF1shows excellent and efficient heterogeneous catalytic activity for the Friedländer reaction and Henry reaction.
Systems toxicology meta-analysis of in vitro assessment studies: biological impact of a candidate modified-risk tobacco product aerosol compared with cigarette smoke on human organotypic cultures of the aerodigestive tract
Authors: Iskandar A. R. , Titz B. , Sewer A. , Leroy P. , Schneider T. , Zanetti F. , Mathis C. , Elamin A. , Frentzel S. , Schlage W. K. , Martin F. , Ivanov N. V. , Peitsch M. C. , Hoeng J.
Published: May 2017

Reduced impact of a tobacco product was observed on the smoking “field-of-injury” tissues.
A re-evaluation of the Lower to Middle Triassic on the Candace Terrace, Northern Carnarvon Basin
Authors: McGee Roisin , Goodall Jeff , Molyneux Stephen
Published: May 2017

The Lower to Middle Triassic mixed carbonate–clastic system in the Northern Carnarvon Basin is poorly understood relative to the stratigraphically younger Jurassic play systems. Few well penetrations and a lack of quality seismic data have deterred exploration of this interval for many years. In recent times, the Lower to Middle Triassic source potential has been comprehensively de-risked within the Roebuck Basin, with subsequent implications across the entire North West Shelf of Australia, opening up the possibility of an entirely new regional play fairway. This paper focuses on the Candace Terrace, on the southern flank of the Carnarvon Basin, where seismic observations and interpretations of Lower to Middle Triassic submarine canyon systems have been made. The stratigraphic elements of this play interval can now be more clearly observed with the aid of 3D seismic data. Amplitude extractions show the internal geometries of these highly erosive systems are sinuous, compensating flows. The aims of this paper are to postulate the stratigraphy of the Lower to Middle Triassic on the Candace Terrace, highlight the tectonic cause of the canyon systems and discuss the prospectivity of the observed turbidite features.
Regional parametric sensitivity analysis of Walloon Subgroup CSG production
Authors: Shields Daren , Zhou Fengde , Esterle Joan
Published: May 2017

Following two decades of intensive exploration, coal seam gas (CSG) production in the Surat Basin has begun to dramatically increase to meet the capacity of three newly completed CSG to liquefied natural gas (LNG) export projects. As the industry’s focus shifts from appraisal to exploitation, the production forecasts underpinning these LNG projects are being tested. In some cases predicted reservoir performance is found to be invalidated by observed production data, a condition that may require costly amendments to project schedule and scope. The deviation between actual and predicted reservoir performance can often be attributed to an incomplete understanding of parametric uncertainties present in static or dynamic reservoir models. To address this limitation, this study aims to explore the parametric controls upon CSG production behaviours with a series of simulation experiments. Distributions of reservoir parameters were compiled from 152 open-source well completion reports available in three areas along the eastern edge of the Surat Basin. These distributions were validated and then sampled to extract representative ranges for subsurface factors including gas content, permeability, net coal thickness, Langmuir pressure, Langmuir volume and drainage area. These inputs were used to construct single well radial models, which were then simulated to generate predictions of monthly and cumulative produced fluid volumes. The results of this study indicate that net coal thickness and lateral coal connectivity are the most sensitive factors with respect to cumulative gas production, while permeability was the single most influential parameter affecting the rate of gas production.
Gauging the confidence in publicly reported oil and gas reserves: introducing the Reserves Confidence Metric (RCM)
Authors: McMillan Don
Published: May 2017

Confidence in publicly disclosed reserves and resources is critical to the investment community and the reputation of the oil and gas industry. This paper introduces a commonly utilised industry concept for reviewing reserve estimates in a format that non-professionals can use with confidence. Surveys (McMillan 2014) have indicated a perception that the Society of Petroleum Engineers – Petroleum Resources Management System (SPE-PRMS) lacks consistency and repeatability and treats conventional and unconventional resources differently. This is discussed in detail in this paper, along with an explanation of the confusion caused by these differences. The oil and gas industry is still endeavouring to understand how to treat unconventional resource estimations and this paper endeavours to capture areas of contention and risks in relation to reported reserves.
Reserves Confidence Metric (RCM) is presented as a method for rating confidence in publicly disclosed reserves. RCM, which is derived from the reserves to production ratio, can be used for any reserves standard or guideline. It is a simple metric, which any organisation or individual with limited knowledge of reserves can apply to identify reserves that require further information or should be used with caution.
As an example, RCM is applied to Queensland’s publicly disclosed 2P reserves for all conventional and unconventional Coal Seam Gas (CSG) resources.
Correction of laboratory gas permeability measurements using Klinkenberg-type correction models
Authors: Hoang Tuan G. , Behrenbruch Peter , Do Huu Phil
Published: May 2017

Routine laboratory permeability measurements require both overburden correction and in the case of lower permeability gas measurements also Klinkenberg-type correction, accounting for slippage of gas when flowing through a porous medium. These corrections are necessary for obtaining representative permeability values for dynamic simulation. The objective of this paper is to determine the most suitable technique for determining representative, equivalent reservoir permeability.
Laboratory permeability is routinely measured using different types of gases, most often helium and air, less often liquid. Single phase permeability measurements should be independent of the measuring fluid. However, laboratory permeability measurements using gas tend to overestimate sample permeability due to gas slippage. This effect was first reported by Klinkenberg (1941). Influencing factors are type of gas, mean experimental pressure and rock properties. The so called ‘Square-root model’ (Florence et al. 2007) accounts for all of these factors and is an extension of Klinkenberg’s original equation. The applicability of the Square-root model and earlier Klinkenberg-type models of Jones and Owens (1979) and Sampath and Keighin (1981) for correcting single-point laboratory gas permeability measurements are investigated on a comparative basis. Furthermore, Klinkenberg-type corrections are best made after overburden correction.
The study presented involves a parametric approach of the gas slippage influencing factors, in addition to a comparison of alternative formulations. In comparing various Klinkenberg-type corrections, it is shown that the Square-root model compares most favourably and is most suitable for correcting laboratory data in the absence of specific measurements, as validated by comparison with laboratory deduced measurements.
Datasets from the Asia-Pacific region and elsewhere are used to exemplify the methodology.
Faster, higher, stronger: the competitive advantage of efficient data management for front-end decision making
Authors: Blundell Nathan
Published: May 2017

With three major Australian coal seam gas (CSG) to liquefied natural gas export projects in operation phase, there is a need to identify new investment opportunities to maintain the required production and satisfy customer supply agreements. Considering the current global conditions of low commodity prices and the reduced availability of capital, both accuracy of data and efficient front-end decision making are essential. This paper proposes that well-defined front-end data processes and innovative data management technology can empower organisations to identify the value, and quantify the risks, of various development scenarios in a reduced time frame. Arrow Energy’s combined Surat and Bowen gas projects contain thousands of CSG wells currently being considered for further development. This can require the generation of countless technical and commercial scenarios. The challenge was to reduce the turnaround time in running these scenarios and improve accuracy while providing seamless handover and traceability of data. A new approach to data was required. By using global expertise in unconventional gas development projects, a data-centric development planning methodology was implemented. Industry best-practice geospatial tools were developed to introduce a new standard in well field layout scenarios, representing significant cost and schedule savings while improving risk identification and mitigation. This paper outlines a shift from the traditional ‘disposable data’ mentality of front-end development to the creation of ‘live’ datasets that continuously mature to assess and develop CSG projects. It also identifies the significant advantages across the Australian oil and gas industry of implementing basic data management and using new technology to its full extent.
Out of sight out of mind – subsea pipeline decommissioning
Authors: Jas Eric , Selman Allison , Linton Valerie
Published: May 2017

Existing legislation, regulation and documentation dealing with decommissioning of offshore oil and gas infrastructure has traditionally been derived from experience gained in the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. The Australian operating environments are very different and, consequently, there is no Australian industry-wide engineering standard dedicated to the decommissioning of offshore pipelines. Decommissioning of Australian offshore pipelines is currently handled on a case-by-case basis. The efficiency and effectiveness of any given decommissioning project is variable, and highly dependent upon the experience of the pipeline operator. Given the maturity stage of the Australian offshore oil and gas industry, it is foreseen that in the coming years many operators will approach the task of decommissioning offshore pipelines for the first time.
In 2014 the Energy Pipelines Cooperative Research Centre (EPCRC) formed an offshore users group, comprising pipeline experts from several offshore oil and gas operators and engineering consultancies that are members of the Australian Pipelines and Gas Association’s Research and Standards Committee (APGA RSC). This group is developing an engineering guideline for the decommissioning of offshore pipelines. It is being developed in close communication with the Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association (APPEA), which has formed a decommissioning committee in relation to offshore facilities. This ensures the guideline is being developed by and with input from a broad spectrum of the Australian offshore oil and gas industry, with the aim of capturing best practice in the Australian context.
Endoparasite and nutritional status of Suffolk lambs in seven production systems
Authors: Salgado Jordana Andrioli , Molento Marcelo Beltrão , Sotomaior Cristina Santos , Dias Laila Talarico , Dias de Castro Luciana Laitano , Faisca Laura Derenevicz , Monteiro Alda Lúcia Gomes
Published: May 2017

Lambs are the most susceptible category for parasite infections; therefore, the choice of the production system can influence nutritional status and reduce parasite infections. The present study aimed to evaluate the endoparasites and nutritional status of meat lambs in seven production systems. In the feedlot, they were (S1) early weaned lambs in feedlot and (S2) unweaned lambs in feedlot with controlled suckling. On pasture, they were (S3) early weaned lambs on pasture without supplementation, (S4) early weaned lambs on pasture with concentrate supplementation post-weaning, (S5) unweaned and unsupplemented lambs on pasture, (S6) unweaned lambs on pasture with concentrate supplementation and creep-feeding and (S7) unweaned lambs on pasture with free access to creep-grazing on white clover (Trifolium repens). Suffolk lambs (n = 132) were evaluated from 45 to 101 days of age, at 14-day intervals (0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days). Parasite faecal egg count (FEC), FAMACHA score (FMC), average daily weight-gain and body condition score (BCS) were evaluated. The animals were treated with anthelmintics when they had FMC 3, 4 or 5 and/or FEC above 700. BCS and FEC (r = –0.361) and BCS and FMC variables (r = –0.313) were negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.01). FEC was lower in feedlot and in creep-feeding animals than in the other systems after the second evaluation (28 days). The weaned feedlot-lamb and controlled-suckling systems presented the best performance. On pasture, the animals in creep-feeding and creep-grazing had the best performance. Weaned and unsupplemented lambs on pasture had the lowest daily weight-gain (63 g/day) and the highest FMC scores (43% of animals) and the lowest BCS (mean 1.5). The endoparasite and nutritional statuses of the lambs were strongly correlated and were influenced by the production system, mainly when the ewes were present and the lambs received supplementation on pasture.
Synthesis of Imines and Amines from Furfurals Using Continuous Flow Processing
Authors: Bizet Boris , Hornung Christian H. , Kohl Thomas M. , Tsanaktsidis John
Published: May 2017

A simple procedure for the condensation of the bio-derived furfurals, 5-(methyl)furfural (MF) and 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF), with primary amines is described herein. The experiments were conducted in both batch and flow conditions, with reaction times as short as 60 s. Moderately high temperatures were demonstrated to be suitable for the condensation reaction of MF in a few minutes whereas milder conditions and longer reaction times were necessary for CMF. Under these conditions the amine did not react with the methyl-chlorine group, leaving a very reactive site after condensation.
Sustainable use of salt-degraded and abandoned farms for forage production using halophytic grasses
Authors: Rao Nanduri Kameswara , McCann Ian , Shahid Shabbir Ahmad , Butt Khalil Ur Rahman , Araj Basel Al , Ismail Shoaib
Published: May 2017

Four halophytic perennial forage grass species, Distichlis spicata, Paspalum vaginatum, Sporobolus virginicus and S. arabicus, were planted in three salt-degraded and abandoned farms at Mezaira’a, Madinat Zayed and Ghayathi in the United Arab Emirates. The salinity of the irrigation water in the three farms at the time of establishment of the grasses ranged between 14.1 and 17.4 dS m–1. The productivity of the grasses was assessed over 3 years (2012–14) by harvesting three times per year. Averaged over locations and species, dry biomass yields of the four grasses ranged between 32.64 and 40.68 t ha–1 year–1. Sporobolus virginicus produced highest biomass yields, followed by D. spicata, P. vaginatum and S. arabicus, although differences among the four grasses were marginal. In Madinat Zayed and Ghayathi, the average respective forage yields in terms of water productivity were estimated to be 1.68 and 2.42 kg dry matter m–3 water, better than the reported yield of the traditionally cultivated Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) from less saline conditions. The study showed that the four halophytic grasses have the potential to contribute to rationalised use of scarce water resources for forage production, besides providing options for enhancing domestic forage production through rehabilitating the salt-affected farms that are unproductive for conventional crops.
Assessing the performance of remotely sensed landscape function indices in semi-arid rangelands of Iran
Authors: Jafari F. , Jafari R. , Bashari H.
Published: May 2017

Appropriate rangeland management requires rangeland function analysis at broad scales. This study aimed to examine the potential of remotely sensed function indices extracted from Landsat data to evaluate the function of semi-arid rangelands in central Iran at the sub-basin scale. Three replicate 30-m transects were randomly placed in the dominant slope direction of 14 selected sub-basins. Various structural properties of vegetation (e.g. number and size of vegetation patches and interpatch lengths) and soil surface were scored based on the landscape function analysis (LFA) procedure. The obtained structural and function indices of the LFA, as well as field percent vegetation cover, were compared with the perpendicular distance vegetation index and remotely sensed function indices including proximity, lacunarity, leakiness index, and weighted mean patch size (WMPS). Remotely sensed function indices were found to be capable of discriminating rangeland landscapes with different conditions. Results showed that the structural properties of vegetation considered in the LFA could also be obtained through WMPS and proximity indices (R >0.76; P < 0.01). All indices, except for lacunarity, had significant correlations with percent vegetation cover and the strongest correlation was observed between WMPS and proximity. Our findings highlight the usefulness and efficiency of function indices derived from satellite data in the estimation of structural and functional properties of rangeland landscapes at the sub-basin scale.
Interaction and phonetic form in task completion
Authors: Solon Megan
Published: May 2017

The present study examines the effect of interlocutor type – second language (L2) learner versus heritage speaker – on interaction and phonetic accuracy during the completion of a dyadic map task in Spanish. Twenty intermediate-level, native English-speaking learners of Spanish and 10 heritage speakers of Spanish participated. Data collection occurred over two sessions; at each session, participants completed a dyadic map task on which pronunciation had been made task-essential via street names that constituted vocalic minimal pairs (e.g., Calle Poca vs. Calle Pica). At one session, L2 learners interacted with another L2 learner; at the other, they interacted with a heritage speaker, with the order of interlocutor interaction conditions counterbalanced across learner participants. Dyads were audio-recorded during the completion of the task, and the recordings were analyzed in two ways: (a) with regard to the number and type of language-related episodes (LREs; Swain & Lapkin, 1998, 2001) present in the interaction, with a focus on pronunciation-related LREs, and (b) with regard to the phonetic accuracy of learner Spanish vowel productions as measured by first and second formant frequencies. Results suggest little change in LRE production by interlocutor type but significantly less targetlike realizations of /o/ and /u/ during interaction with a heritage speaker than with another L2 learner. The findings are discussed in light of previous research on interlocutor effects on interaction and linguistic outcomes and with special attention given to how and why pronunciation as a target feature may differ from other foci.
Teachers’ provision of feedback in L2 text-chat
Authors: Ziegler Nicole , Smith George Fredrik
Published: May 2017

Numerous studies have examined the role of various individual differences in second language (L2) learning and use, finding that factors such as aptitude (e.g., Robinson, 2005; Skehan, 2002), motivation (e.g., Dörnyei, Henry, & MacIntyre, 2014; Masgoret & Gardner, 2003), anxiety (e.g., Horwitz, 2001, 2010), creativity (e.g., Bell, 2012; McDonough, Crawford, & Mackey, 2015), and working memory capacity (WMC; see Baddeley, 2003; Juffs & Harrington, 2011 for reviews), have a substantial impact on L2 learning outcomes. Although the majority of this empirical research has focused on the learner as interlocutor, a growing number of scholars have turned their attention to the potential influence of individual differences in the cognition of non-learner interlocutors (i.e., teachers; see Gurzynski-Weiss, 2014a, this volume). This exploratory research examines the relationship between teacher interlocutors’ WMC and their provision of corrective feedback in written synchronous text chat. While results indicated no statistically significant correlation between teachers’ WMC and their provision of feedback during interactions, findings from stimulated recall protocols suggested that several teacher, learner, and contextual factors (such as personal beliefs, knowledge of learners’ first language, and the communicative value of an error) play a mediating role in teachers’ feedback decisions.
Look who’s interacting
Authors: Gurzynski-Weiss Laura , Plonsky Luke
Published: May 2017

Despite the presence of non-teacher/non-peer learner interlocutors in primary (e.g., Gass and Varonis, 1985; M. H. Long, 1983; Varonis & Gass, 1985a, 1985b) and meta-analytic (Li, 2010) studies, and in interactionist theory and review articles (M. H. Long, 1996; Mackey & Goo, 2007), the individual differences (IDs) of these interlocutors have not been an explicit focus of theoretical discussion within the interaction approach. The lack of attention in this area is particularly surprising given how frequently learners interact with individuals who are not peers or teachers. The current scoping review, the final chapter of this volume, addresses this gap by systematically investigating the extent to which non-teacher/non-peer learner interlocutors and their IDs have been considered in empirical studies examining L2 interaction. We also critique the methodology employed to conduct this research, and make recommendations for future studies looking to ensure that the characteristics of all individuals who interact with L2 learners – and have the opportunity to influence L2 learning – are robustly investigated.
Are there brain bases for phonological markedness?
Authors: Scharinger Mathias
Published: May 2017

Pursuing the question of whether there are brain bases for phonological markedness necessitates an empirical and testable approach. This approach – put forward in this chapter – is couched in a theory of phonological feature specification and tested with brain imaging methods, with an emphasis on electrophysiology, encompassing electro- and magnetoencephalographic experiments. After sketching the theoretical background and introducing the basics of the reported brain measures, the chapter contains a review of some electrophysiological findings with their re-interpretation from the point of view of phonological markedness. Furthermore, the feature-approach is contrasted with a proposed reduction of phonological markedness to frequency-of-occurrence relations. Altogether, the review provides some important suggestions and starting points for further looking into the neurobiological reality of phonological markedness.
There is no place for markedness in biologically-informed phonology
Authors: Martins Pedro Tiago
Published: May 2017

Markedness is a pervasive notion in theories of language. In some phonological theories or models, it very much occupies a prominent position. In this chapter it is argued that the notion of markedness is not useful to our understanding of phonology and language in general, for two reasons. The first is that the notion of markedness has convincingly been shown in the literature to be a confusing label for a variety of things, all of which can be explained independently. The second is that if phonology is to be understood as part of a biological system (which we call language), its components must be amenable to investigation in the cognitive and biological sciences. The notion of markedness as part of a phonological component does not seem to qualify for any meaningful kind of investigation in that respect. It follows that markedness has no place in biologically-informed phonology.
Adverbial adjectives and -mente adverbs face to face
Authors: Company Company Concepción
Published: May 2017

The paper compares five minimal pairs of adverbial adjectives (aa) and -mente adverbs in two periods of Spanish, the 18th and the 21st centuries. The hypothesis is that aa keeps “traces” or “memory” of its original adjective category, and for that reason, to recategorize as an adverb, aa needs to exhibit more cohesion with the verb, a rigid relative v-aa order, appearing in contexts having a greater number of nominals than -mente, and appearing in sentences or paragraphs with lesser event complexity, as compared to -mente forms. -Mente has surpassed the np status from old times, it is a true adverb, able to enter in more contexts than aa, and able to enter in more complex sentences and event relationships.
From adjective to adverbial modal locutions in Spanish
Authors: Ortiz Ciscomani Rosa María
Published: May 2017

This paper focus on an issue at present not well-known, neither in the synchronic nor in the diachronic perspective, that is, the adverbial modal locutions in Spanish with an adjective lexical base – a nominalized adjective or a nominal phrase – displaying the ending -as, in a prepositional phrase with the preposition a. The paper offers a diachronic analysis of these locutions from the 12th to 20th centuries. It describes the adjectives entering in this construction and provides evidence to support the emergence of an adverbial scheme with a specific, expressive or subjective, function. It also aims to show that the adverbial modal scheme arose relevant to the fifteenth century from the original prepositional phrase by a constructional grammaticalization change.
Adverbial adjectives and the decomposition of event predicates
Authors: Suñer Ave lina
Published: May 2017

This article provides an analysis of the so-called “adverbial adjectives” in Romance on the basis of a theory of syntactic decomposition of the event predicate by using Hale & Keyser’s Configurational Theory of Argument Structure. The first part establishes a hierarchy of adverbial adjectives according to the different levels of the argument structure of the predicate they are related to. The last section analyses the structural conditions determining the alternation between adverbial adjectives and secondary predicates. The article claims that the non-agreeing properties and the particular semantic interpretation of adverbial adjectives are the result of the interaction between their own lexical and semantic features and the portion of the internal structure of the event predicate they are associated with.
I was going to say / j’allais dire as discourse markers in contemporary English and French
Authors: Lansari Laure
Published: May 2017

This paper investigates two emerging discourse markers based on verbs of saying in English and French – I was going to say and j’allais dire. Relying on various comparable corpora, the author shows that the markers under scrutiny have developed a similar use as “reduced parenthetical clauses” mitigating discourse. The corpus study also reveals an interesting difference, namely that I was going to say stands as a topical transition marker in some of its uses. It is thus hypothesized that the two markers do not exactly follow the same pragmaticalisation path.
Applied Language Typology
Authors: Filipović Luna
Published: May 2017

In this paper we introduce and outline a new research area, Applied Language Typology (ALT). ALT builds on fundamental typological findings in morphology, syntax and semantics. ALT examines the attested and potential practical consequences of these contrasts for different professional contexts of communication, such as translation, the law and second language learning and teaching. We propose three general organising principles that underlie ALT, illustrating how these principles enable us to identify exact points of language contrasts that result in significant practical difficulty, and we suggest future directions in ALT research for the benefit of academics and language practitioners.
Reverse-engineering biological networks from large data sets
Authors: Natale Joseph L. , Hofmann David , Hernández Damián G. , Nemenman Ilya
Published: May 2017

Much of contemporary systems biology owes its success to the abstraction of anetwork, the idea that diverse kinds of molecular, cellular, and organismal species and interactions can be modeled as relational nodes and edges in a graph of dependencies. Since the advent of high-throughput data acquisition technologies in fields such as genomics, metabolomics, and neuroscience, the automated inference and reconstruction of such interaction networks directly from large sets of activation data, commonly known as reverse-engineering, has become a routine procedure. Whereas early attempts at network reverse-engineering focused predominantly on producing maps of system architectures with minimal predictive modeling, reconstructions now play instrumental roles in answering questions about the statistics and dynamics of the underlying systems they represent. Many of these predictions have clinical relevance, suggesting novel paradigms for drug discovery and disease treatment. While other reviews focus predominantly on the details and effectiveness of individual network inference algorithms, here we examine the emerging field as a whole. We first summarize several key application areas in which inferred networks have made successful predictions. We then outline the two major classes of reverse-engineering methodologies, emphasizing that the type of prediction that one aims to make dictates the algorithms one should employ. We conclude by discussing whether recent breakthroughs justify the computational costs of large-scale reverse-engineering sufficiently to admit it as a mainstay in the quantitative analysis of living systems.
Silencing of transposable elements may not be a major driver of regulatory evolution in primate induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Ward Michelle C. , Zhao Siming , Luo Kaixuan , Pavlovic Bryan J. , Karimi Mohammad M. , Stephens Matthew , Gilad Yoav
Published: May 2017

Transposable elements (TEs) comprise a substantial proportion of primate genomes. The regulatory potential of TEs can result in deleterious effects, especially during development. It has been suggested that, in pluripotent stem cells, TEs are targeted for silencing by KRAB-ZNF proteins, which recruit the TRIM28-SETDB1 complex, to deposit the repressive histone modification H3K9me3. TEs, in turn, can acquire mutations that allow them to evade detection by the host, and hence KRAB-ZNF proteins need to rapidly evolve to counteract them. To investigate the short-term evolution of TE silencing, we profiled the genome-wide distribution of H3K9me3 in induced pluripotent stem cells from ten human and seven chimpanzee individuals. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) for H3K9me3, as well as total RNA sequencing. We focused specifically on cross-species H3K9me3 ChIP-seq data that mapped to four million orthologous TEs. We found that, depending on the TE class, 10-60% of elements are marked by H3K9me3, with SVA, LTR and LINE elements marked most frequently. We found little evidence of inter-species differences in TE silencing, with as many as 80% of orthologous, putatively silenced, TEs marked at similar levels in humans and chimpanzees. Our data suggest limited species-specificity of TE silencing across six million years of primate evolution. Interestingly, the minority of TEs enriched for H3K9me3 in one species are not more likely to be associated with gene expression divergence of nearby orthologous genes. We conclude that orthologous TEs may not play a major role in driving gene regulatory divergence between humans and chimpanzees.
Mechanical and tactile incompatibilities cause reproductive isolation between two young damselfly species
Authors: Barnard Alexandra A. , Fincke Ola M. , McPeek Mark A. , Masly John P.
Published: May 2017

External male reproductive structures have received considerable attention as an early-acting cause of reproductive isolation (RI), because the morphology of these structures often evolves rapidly between populations. This presents the potential for mechanical incompatibilities with heterospecific female structures during mating and could thus prevent interbreeding between nascent species. Although such mechanical incompatibilities have received little empirical support as a common cause of RI, the potential for mismatch of reproductive structures to cause RI due to incompatible species-specific tactile cues has not been tested. We tested the importance of mechanical and tactile incompatibilities in RI betweenEnallagma annaandE. carunculatum,two damselfly species that diverged within the past ~250,000 years and currently hybridize in a sympatric region. We quantified 19 prezygotic and postzygotic RI barriers using both naturally occurring and lab-reared damselflies. We found incomplete mechanical isolation between the two pure species and between hybrid males and pure species females. Interestingly, where mechanical isolation was incomplete, females showed greater resistance and refusal to mate with hybrid or heterospecific males compared to conspecific males, which suggests that tactile incompatibilities involving male reproductive structures can influence female mating decisions and form a strong barrier to gene flow in early stages of speciation.
High-resolution mapping of cis-regulatory variation in budding yeast
Authors: Kita Ryosuke , Venkataram Sandeep , Zhou Yiqi , Fraser Hunter B.
Published: May 2017

Genetic variants affecting gene expression levels are a major source of phenotypic variation. The approximate locations of these variants can be mapped as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs); however a major limitation of eQTLs is their low resolution, which precludes investigation of the causal variants and their molecular mechanisms. Here we report RNA-seq and full genome sequences for 85 diverse isolates of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae—including wild, domesticated, and human clinical strains—which allowed us to perform eQTL mapping with 50-fold higher resolution than previously possible. In addition to variants in promoters, we uncovered an important role for variants in 3’ untranslated regions, especially those affecting binding of the PUF family of RNA-binding proteins. The eQTLs are predominantly under purifying selection, particularly those affecting essential genes and conserved genes. However, applying the sign test for lineage-specific selection revealed the polygenic up-regulation of dozens of biofilm suppressor genes in strains isolated from human patients, consistent with the key role of biofilms in fungal pathogenicity. In addition, a single variant in the promoter of a biofilm suppressor,NIT3,showed the strongest genome-wide association with clinical origin. Altogether our results demonstrate the power of high-resolution eQTL mapping in understanding the molecular mechanisms of regulatory variation, as well as the natural selection acting on this variation that drives adaptation to environments ranging from laboratories to vineyards to the human body.
Repurposing tofacitinib as an anti-myeloma therapeutic to reverse growth-promoting effects of the bone marrow microenvironment
Authors: Lam Christine , Murnane Megan , Liu Hui , Smith Geoffrey A. , Wong Sandy , Taunton Jack , Liu Jun O. , Mitsiades Constantine S. , Hann Byron C. , Aftab Blake T. , Wiita Arun P.
Published: May 2017

The myeloma bone marrow microenvironment promotes proliferation of malignant plasma cells and resistance to therapy. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and downstream JAK/STAT signaling are thought to be central components of these microenvironment-induced phenotypes. In a prior drug repurposing screen, we identified tofacitinib, a pan-JAK inhibitor FDA-approved for rheumatoid arthritis, as an agent that may reverse the tumor-stimulating effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Here, we validated bothin vitro, in stromal-responsive human myeloma cell lines, andin vivo, in orthotopic disseminated murine xenograft models of myeloma, that tofacitinib showed both single-agent and combination therapeutic efficacy in myeloma models. Surprisingly, we found that ruxolitinib, an FDA-approved agent targeting JAK1 and JAK2, did not lead to the same anti-myeloma effects. Combination with a novel irreversible JAK3-selective inhibitor also did not enhance ruxolitinib effects. RNA-seq and unbiased phosphoproteomics revealed that marrow stromal cells stimulate a JAK/STAT-mediated proliferative program in myeloma plasma cells, and tofacitinib reversed the large majority of these pro-growth signals. Taken together, our results suggest that tofacitinib specifically reverses the growth-promoting effects of the tumor microenvironment through blocking an IL-6-mediated signaling axis. As tofacitinib is already FDA-approved, these results can be rapidly translated into potential clinical benefits for myeloma patients.
Characterization of imprinted genes in rice reveals post-fertilization regulation and conservation at some loci of imprinting in plant species
Authors: Chen Chen , Li Tingting , Zhu Shan , Liu Zehou , Shi Zhenyuan , Zheng Xiaoming , Chen Rui , Huang Jianfeng , Shen Yi , Luo Shiyou , Wang Lei , Liu Qiao-Quan , Zhiguo E
Published: May 2017

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon by which certain genes display monoallelic expression in a parent-of-origin-dependent manner. Hundreds of imprinted genes have been identified from several plant species. Here we identified, with a high level of confidence, 208 imprinted candidates from rice. Imprinted genes of rice showed limited association to the transposable elements, which is contrast to the findings inArabidopsis. Generally, imprinting of rice is conserved within species, but intraspecific variations were confirmed here. Imprinting between cultivated rice and wild rice are likely similar. The imprinted genes of rice do not show significant selective signatures overall, which suggests that domestication imposes limited evolutionary effects on genomic imprinting of rice. Though the conservation of imprinting in plants is limited, here we prove that some loci tend to be imprinted in different species. In addition, our results suggest that differential epigenetic regulation between parental alleles can be established either prior to or post-fertilization. The imprinted 24-nt small RNAs, but not the 21-nt ones, likely involve the regulation of imprinting in an opposite parental-allele targeting manner. Together, our findings suggest that regulation of imprinting can be very diverse, and genomic imprinting as well as imprinted genes have essential evolutionary and biological significance.
SRGAP2and the gradual evolution of the modern human language faculty
Authors: Martins Pedro Tiago , Marí Maties , Boeckx Cedric
Published: May 2017

In this paper we examine a new source of evidence that draws on data from archaic human genomes to support the hypothesis that vocal learning inHomopreceded the emergence of Anatomically Modern Humans. We build our claim on the evolutionary history of the SLITROBO GTPase 2 gene (SRGAP2). The SLIT-ROBO molecular pathway has been shown to have an important role in the context of vocal learning. Though the relevance of theSRGAP2gene duplication in the emergence of some aspect of language has not gone completely unnoticed, recent results now allow us to articulate a mechanistic hypothesis of its role in the context of axon guidance. Specifically,SRGAP2C, a duplication ofSRGAP2crucially also found in Neanderthals and Denisovans, but not in extant mammals, inhibits the ancestralSRGAP2A, which in turn modulates the axon guidance function of the SLIT-ROBO molecular pathway. This, we claim, could have contributed to the establishment of the critical cortico-laryngeal connection of the vocal learning circuit. Our conclusions support the idea that complex vocal learning could already have been part of the arsenal of some of our extinct ancestors.
CAM: a quality control pipeline for MNase-seq data
Authors: Hu Sheng’en , Chen Xiaolan , Liao Ji , Chen Yiqing , Zhao Chengchen , Zhang Yong
Published: May 2017

Nucleosome organization affects the accessibility of cis-elements to trans-acting factors. Micrococcal nuclease digestion followed by high-throughput sequencing (MNase-seq) is the most popular technology used to profile nucleosome organization on a genome-wide scale. Evaluating the data quality of MNase-seq data remains challenging, especially in mammalian. There is a strong need for a convenient and comprehensive approach to obtain dedicated quality control (QC) for MNase-seq data analysis. Here we developed CAM, which is a comprehensive QC pipeline for MNase-seq data. The CAM pipeline provides multiple informative QC measurements and nucleosome organization profiles on different potentially functional regions for given MNase-seq data. CAM also includes 268 historical MNase-seq datasets from human and mouse as a reference atlas for unbiased assessment. CAM is freely available at:http://www.tongji.edu.cn/~zhanglab/CAM