bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: OLEFIN REARRANGEMENT RESULTING FROM THE GAS‐PHASE KRYPTON FLUORIDE LASER PHOTOLYSIS OF CHROMIUM HEXACARBONYL
Authors: TUMAS W. , GITLIN B. , ROSAN A. M. , YARDLEY J. T.
Published: April 2016

Die Bestrahlung von Mischungen aus Cr(CO)6 und 1‐Buten in der Gasphase mit einen KrF‐Laser (248 nm) führt im Gegensatz zu Ergebnissen in Lösung zur Isomerisierung von 1‐Buten zu 2‐Buten.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRONIC EFFECTS IN DIENETRICARBONYLIRON DERIVATIVES. 3. P‐((Π‐1,3‐BUTADIENE)TRICARBONYLIRON)BENZOIC ACID
Authors: LANDESBERG J. M. , SLAM M. A. , MANDEL M.
Published: April 2016

Die IR‐ und NMR‐Daten sowie pKs‐Werte der Aryldiene (I) bzw. der entsprechenden Eisencarbonyl‐Komplexe (II) werden verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: ACTIVATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE BY METAL(0) COMPLEXES. OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND ALDEHYDES ON THE CENTRAL ATOM NICKEL(0)
Authors: DINJUS E. , KAISER J. , SIELER J. , WALTHER D.
Published: April 2016

Die oxidative Kopplung von CO2 mit aliphatischen Aldehyden am elektronenreichen Komplexrumpf des Ni(0)‐Derivates (I) führt zu den diamagnetischen, kristallinen Komplexverbindungen (II), in denen neben Bipyridyl Chelatfünfringe mit Ni‐C‐ und Ni‐O‐o‐Bindungen vorliegen.
ChemInform Abstract: 4:1 LEWIS BASE ADDUCTS OF PALLADIUM BIS(HEXAFLUOROACETYLACETONATE). THE STRUCTURE OF (4‐CLC5H4N)4PD(C5HF6O2)2
Authors: SIEDLE A. R. , PIGNOLET L. H.
Published: April 2016

Bei Zugabe von Lewisbasen zu Lösungen von Pdbis‐[hexafluoracetylacetonat] in Lösungsmitteln niedriger Dielektrizitätskonstanten wie Chloroform, Toluol oder Pentan erfolgt stufenweiser Austausch der Acetylacetonatgruppen.
ChemInform Abstract: STREOSPECIFIC FORMATION OF EQUATORIAL DIACETYLIMIDES FROM THE STEREOISOMERS OF SIX‐MEMBERED CARBOCYCLIC AMINES
Authors: GREEN M. M. , VAIRAMANI M.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Reduktion von Oximen werden jeweils stereoisomere Amine erhalten, die mit Acetanhydrid acetyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: O‐ALKYLATION AT THE ANOMERIC CENTER. 4. 1‐O‐ALKYLATION OF D‐MANNOFURANOSE AND D D‐MANNOPYRANOSE
Authors: SCHMIDT R. R. , MOERING U. , REICHRATH M.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Alkylierung der D‐Mannose (I) mit den Reagenzien (II) werden die β‐Anomeren (IV) ausschließlich bzw. im Gemisch mit den α‐Anomeren [(IIId), (IIIe)] erhalten; in Gegenwart von Kronenethern entstehen ausschließlich die α‐Anomeren (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ANNULATED SUGARS: THE 1,2‐O‐ISOPROPYLIDENE RING AS A STEREO‐, REGIO‐, AND CHEMOSELECTIVE AGENT
Authors: SUN K. M. , FRASER‐REID B. , TAM T. F.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von der Furanose (I) werden über die Stufen (II) bzw. (VI) (bekannte Reaktionen) in stereoselektiv verlaufenden Umsetzungen (Diskussion) verschiedene annellierte Zuckerderivate (vgl.
ChemInform Abstract: IMINIUM SALTS FROM α‐AMINO ACID DECARBONYLATION. APPLICATION TO THE SYNTHESIS OF OCTAHYDROINDOLO(2,3‐A)QUINOLIZINES
Authors: JOHANSEN J. E. , CHRISTIE B. D. , RAPOPORT H.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Tryptamin‐Derivaten (I) erhält man mit Phenylphosphonsäuredichlorid die Indolochinolizine (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF A BICYCLIC PRECURSOR TO VERRUCAROL: APPLICATION OF A TRIMETHYLSILYL‐CONTROLLED DIELS‐ALDER REACTION AND WAGNER‐MEERWEIN REARRANGEMENT SEQUENCE
Authors: ROUSH W. R. , D'AMBRA T. E.
Published: April 2016

Trimethylsilyl‐cyclopentadien liegt als Isomerengemisch aus (I) und (II) vor, das mit Acrylsäureester (III) in Gegenwart von Bortrifluorid ein Gemisch der Addukte (IV) und (V) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Maytansinoid Tumor Inhibitors from Trewia nudiflora: Trewiasine, Dehydrotrewiasine, and Demethyltrewiasine.
Authors: POWELL R. G. , WEISLEDER D. , SMITH C. R. JUN.
Published: April 2016

Aus Trewia nudiflora werden verschiedene tumorhemmende Inhaltsstoffe isoliert, von denen einzelne bezüglich ihrer Strukturen teilweise aufgeklärt werden, während die Strukturen von Trewiasin (Ia), Dehydrotrewiasin (Ib) und Demethyltrewiasin (Ic) absolut bestimmt werden konnten.
ChemInform Abstract: Long‐Range Antiferromagnetic Ordering in B‐Site Ordered Double Perovskite Ca2ScOsO6.
Authors: Russell David D. , Neer Abbey J. , Melot Brent C. , Derakhshan Shahab
Published: April 2016

Ca2ScOsO5.5 is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of CaO, Sc2O3 and OsO2 (Al2O3 crucible in evacuated silica tubes, 900 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Pulsed Laser Deposition of Pure Fluoroapatite Film Without OH Groups.
Authors: Fujita Naoki , Makino Takayuki , Sakoishi Yasuhiro , Asano Katsuya , Kusunoki Masanobu
Published: April 2016

Pulsed laser deposition using a sintered (700 °C) mixture of Ca3(PO4)2 and CaF2 produces Ca10(PO4)6F2 films without OH groups at an O2 pressure of 10 Pa, combined with an off‐axis method.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed Alkali Neodymium Orthoborates: K9Li3Nd3(BO3)7 and A2LiNd(BO3)2 (A: Rb, Cs).
Authors: Chen Pengy , Xia Mingjun , Li Rukang
Published: April 2016

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of the corresponding alkali metal carbonates, Nd2O3, and H3BO3 (Pr crucible, 700—900 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of ZnSnN2 Crystals via a High‐Pressure Metathesis Reaction.
Authors: Kawamura F. , Yamada N. , Imai M. , Taniguchi T.
Published: April 2016

Crystals of the title compound are prepared from mixtures of ZnF2, SnF4, Li3N, and LiF (W capsule, 600—1000 °C, 5.5—7.7 GPa).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Sr2MnO3F: A New Member of Layered Perovskite Oxyfluorides.
Authors: Su Yu , Tsujimoto Yoshihiro , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Yuan Yahua , He Jianfeng , Yamaura Kazunari
Published: April 2016

Sr2MnO3F is prepared by hot pressing and annealing of stoichiometric amounts of SrF2, SrO, and Mn2O3 (Pt capsule in belt‐type high‐pressure cell, 6 GPa, 1800 °C, 45 min).
ChemInform Abstract: NaFe3(HPO3)2( (H,F)PO2OH)6: A Potential Cathode Material and a Novel Ferrimagnet.
Authors: Munao Irene , Zvereva Elena A. , Volkova Olga S. , Vasiliev Alexander N. , Armstrong A. Robert , Lightfoot Philip
Published: April 2016

The title compound is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of a 1:1:0.122 molar mixture of NaF, Fe2O3, and H3PO3 (autoclave, 140 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Trichloromethylation of MBH‐Fluorides with Chloroform Based on Silicon‐Assisted C—F Activation and Carbanion Exchange Induced by a Ruppert—Prakash Reagent.
Authors: Nishimine Takayuki , Taira Hiromi , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shiro Motoo , Shibata Norio
Published: April 2016

The enantioselective allylic trichloromethylation of Morita—Baylis—Hillman type fluorides (I) is achieved by activation of chloroform with TmsCF3 in the presence of a cinchona type catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Applications and Mechanistic Investigations of C2 Symmetric Guanidinium Salts.
Authors: Murphy Patrick J. , et al.
Published: April 2016

A series of C2 symmetric guanidinium salts are prepared as chiral phase transfer catalysts and applied to the alkylation of a glycinate Schiff′s base and to the epoxidation of some chalcones.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Chiral Thiourea Organocatalysts for the Catalytic Asymmetric Oxaziridination.
Authors: Ji Nan , Yuan Jiani , Xue Shanshan , Zhang Junna , He Wei
Published: April 2016

A range of 9‐amino‐9‐deoxyepiquinine‐based thiourea catalysts are synthesized and applied to the asymmetric oxaziridination of aldimines for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Copper‐Mediated Oxidative Demethylation of Propionamides via Bidentate‐Chelation Assistance.
Authors: Liu Jing‐Hui , Cui Mian , Lu Xiao‐Yu , Zhang Zhen‐Qi , Xiao Bin , Fu Yao
Published: April 2016

The utility of this method is demonstrated in the demethylation of gemfibrozil derivative (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes by Tautomerization of Mesomeric Betaines. Thione, Selenone, and Borane Adduct Formations of Imidazolium‐Isocytosinates.
Authors: Zhang Jiaxi , Franz Matthias , Huebner Eike , Schmidt Andreas
Published: April 2016

Basic treatment of imidazolium isocytosinates (III) leads to cross‐conjugated heterocyclic mesomeric betaines which are in equilibrium with their corresponding carbenes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Method for the Replacement of a Hydroxyl Group by Halogen. Part 1. Scope and Chemoselectivity.
Authors: Ghosez Leon , et al.
Published: April 2016

Utilization of α‐chloro, bromo and iodo enamines as halogenating agents, which are readily available on a kilogram scale, allow for the successful halogenation of carboxylic acids and aliphatic alcohols which may contain various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition Between Hydrogen Phosphonates and Activated Alkenes: Synthesis of Phosphonoisoquinolinediones.
Authors: Wu Ju , Gao Yuzhen , Zhao Xin , Zhang Liangliang , Chen Weizhu , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen
Published: April 2016

The phosphonation‐cyclization sequence of various methacroylbenzamides with phosphonates provides a rapid access to the title products in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reactions with Fluorinated Aromatic Ketones: Efficient Access to Chiral β‐Fluoroamines.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Saget Tanguy , Lerchen Andreas , Hung Chao‐I Joey
Published: April 2016

The Zn/Prophenol catalyzed reaction of fluorinated ketones with aldimines proceeds with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity to produce a wide variety of chiral β‐fluoroamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Base‐Free Catalytic Wittig Reaction for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Alkenes.
Authors: Schirmer Marie‐Luis , Adomeit Sven , Spannenberg Anke , Werner Thomas
Published: April 2016

This novel base‐free Wittig reaction uses a readily available phosphine oxide as precatalyst and trimethoxy silane as reducing agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Haloenamides via Zinc Halide Mediated Direct Addition of Benzhydryl Halides to Ynamides.
Authors: Chen Ling , Yu Lian , Deng Yuan , Cui Yuming , Bian Gaofeng , Cao Jian
Published: April 2016

A regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of highly substituted α‐haloenamides via zinc halide mediated direct addition of benzhydryl halides to ynamides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Practical Catalyst‐Free‐Like Dehydrative N‐Alkylation of Amines and Sulfinamides with Alcohols Initiated by Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols under Air.
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Li Shuangyan , Li Qiang , Dong Xu , Li Yang , Yu Xiaochun , Xu Qing
Published: April 2016

The N‐alkylation of various aryl and hetaryl amines as well as tert‐butylsulfinamide with primary and secondary benzylic alcohols is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantitative Synthesis of Aldehydes from Weinreb Amides Using Lithium Diisobutyl‐t‐Butoxyaluminum Hydride (LDBBA).
Authors: An Jae Sung , Shin Won Kyu , An Duk Keun
Published: April 2016

Aldehydes are prepared by partial reduction of Weinreb amides without over‐reduction to alcohols in short time and with quantitative yields.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Oxindole Acts as a Synthon of 2‐Aminobenzoyl Anion in the K2CO3‐Catalyzed Reaction with Enones: Preparation of 1,4‐Diketones Bearing an Amino Group and Their Further Transformations.
Authors: Miao Chun‐Bao , Zeng Yu‐Mei , Shi Tong , Liu Rui , Wei Peng‐Fei , Sun Xiao‐Qiang , Yang Hai‐Tao
Published: April 2016

The potassium carbonate‐catalyzed reaction of oxindoles with enones proceeds under the assistance of atmospheric oxygen via a cascade Michael addition/oxidation/ring cleavage process.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydro‐4H‐3,1‐benzoxazine‐4‐thiones by the Reaction of New Synthesized Methyl Dithioanthranilate Hydrobromide with Carbonyl Compounds and the Synthesis of Another New Class of 1,2‐Dihydro‐4H‐3,1‐benzothiazine‐4‐thiones from the Same Reactants in the Presence of Excess Sodium Hydrogensulfide.
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuo , Muraoka Motomu
Published: April 2016

Methyl dithioanthranilate hydrobromide (VIII) is used as starting material to synthesize a series of benzoxazinethiones (X) as well as the corresponding benzothiazinethiones (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Reaction of Trifluoromethylketones with Aldehydes via a Copper Difluoroenolate.
Authors: Doi Ryohei , Ohashi Masato , Ogoshi Sensuke
Published: April 2016

The use of Bpin2 as the reductant, NaOtBu as base, and CuCl/phen as catalyst system permits an interesting defluorinative coupling of trifluoromethylketones with aldehydes to give moderate to good yields of α,α‐difluoro‐β‐hydroxyketones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Gabapentin Based Intermolecular Ugi Four‐Center, Three‐Component Reaction for Preparing N‐Cyclohexyl‐2‐(3‐oxo‐2‐azaspiro[4,5]decan‐2‐yl)‐2‐aryl Acetamide Derivatives.
Authors: Darehkordi Ali , Zand‐Vakili Fatemeh , Talebizadeh Rafsanjani Alireza
Published: April 2016

A novel approach for the synthesis of the title compounds in a single‐step via an Ugi four‐center three‐component coupling reaction is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Access to Conformationally‐Constrained Oxatricycles via Ugi—Smiles Couplings.
Authors: Richey Bree , Mason Katelynn M. , Meyers Michael S. , Luesse Sarah B.
Published: April 2016

The first examples of successful four‐component Ugi—Smiles derived couplings with conjugated heterocyclic aldehydes are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfur‐Assisted Ring Contraction of Polyfluoroalkylthiopyran Derivatives as a Route to Functionalized Fluorine‐Containing Thiophenes.
Authors: Siry Sergiy A. , Timoshenko Vadim M. , Schermolovich Yuriy G.
Published: April 2016

The sulfur‐assisted ring contraction reaction from thiopyrans to thiophenes via brominated intermediates is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of (E,Z)‐3,4‐Dialkylidene‐N‐phenylpyrrolidine‐2,5‐diones Starting from Morita—Baylis—Hillman Carbonates.
Authors: Kim Ko Hoon , Kim Su Yeon , Ryu Ji Yeon , Lee Junseong , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: April 2016

Title compounds are stereoselectively synthesized starting from the Morita—Baylis—Hillman carbonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Condensation of Indoles and Aldehydes in Subcritical Water Without the Addition of Catalysts.
Authors: Hirashita Tsunehisa , Ogawa Masaki , Hattori Reina , Okochi Sota , Araki Shuki
Published: April 2016

Bis(indolyl)methanes are prepared under uncatalyzed subcritical conditions using water both as solvent and reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: [3 + 2]‐Annulations of N‐Alkyl‐3‐Substituted Indoles with Quinone Monoketals Catalyzed by Broensted Acids.
Authors: Chai Zhuo , Chen Jia‐Nan , Liu Zhen , Li Xue‐Fei , Yang Pei‐Jun , Hu Ji‐Ping , Yang Gaosheng
Published: April 2016

A novel method is elaborated for the synthesis of benzofuro[2,3‐b]indolines (III) and (V) by [3 + 2]‐annulation of N‐alkyl‐3‐substituted indoles with quinone monoketals (II) in the presence of (‐)‐CSA as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Geminal Bis‐ and Tristriazoles: Exploration of Unconventional Azide Chemistry.
Authors: Erhardt Hellmuth , Mohr Fabian , Kirsch Stefan F.
Published: April 2016

A wide range of geminal bis‐ and tristriazoles is synthesized using ethyl 2,2‐diazido‐3‐oxobutanoate as the common starting material.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Isocyanide‐Based Three‐Component Bicyclization for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Pyrano[3,4‐c]pyrroles.
Authors: Gao Qian , Hao Wen‐Juan , Liu Feng , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Wang Shu‐Liang , Li Guigen , Jiang Bo
Published: April 2016

A novel three‐component bicyclization strategy for the efficient synthesis of diversely substituted pyrano[3,4‐c]pyrroles is presented starting from readily accessible 3‐aroylacrylic acids, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and isocyanides.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Densely Substituted Chroman Derivatives Through Broensted Acid Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Three‐Component Reactions of Aromatic Aldehydes, 1,1‐Diarylethylenes and Nucleophiles.
Authors: Taheri Amir , Lai Bingbing , Yang Jing , Zhang Juan , Gu Yanlong
Published: April 2016

Broensted acid ionic liquid‐catalyzed two‐ and three‐component reactions leading to chroman derivatives are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Iodine‐Mediated Chemoselective Synthesis of Multisubstituted Pyridines Through Catabolism and Reconstruction Behavior of Natural Amino Acids.
Authors: Xiang Jia‐Chen , Wang Miao , Cheng Yan , Wu An‐Xin
Published: April 2016

The environmentally benign method offers access to various 2,6‐ and 3,5‐disubstituted as well as 2,4,6‐trisubstituted pyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Metal‐Free Hydrogenations of Disubstituted Quinolines.
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Du Haifeng
Published: April 2016

Various 2,4‐ and 2,3‐disubstituted tetrahydroquinolines are obtained using a chiral diene derived borane catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Enolate Arylation as a Key C—C Bond‐Forming Reaction for the Synthesis of Isoquinolines.
Authors: Pilgrim Ben S. , Gatland Alice E. , Esteves Carlos H. A. , McTernan Charlie T. , Jones Geraint R. , Tatton Matthew R. , Procopiou Panayiotis A. , Donohoe Timothy J.
Published: April 2016

The Pd‐catalyzed enolate arylation leads to ketones (III), which are cyclized with NH4Cl to afford desired isoquinolines (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Application of 3‐Methyl‐2‐vinylindoles in Catalytic Asymmetric Povarov Reaction: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Indole‐Derived Tetrahydroquinolines.
Authors: Dai Wei , Jiang Xiao‐Li , Tao Ji‐Yu , Shi Feng
Published: April 2016

The first application of 3‐methyl‐2‐vinylindoles in asymmetric Povarov reactions gives rise to formation of indole‐derived tetrahydroquinolines with three contiguous stereogenic centers in very high yields and excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of Rare Pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐2‐ones and Related Nitrogen‐Rich Bicyclic Scaffolds with a Ring‐Junction Nitrogen.
Authors: Alanine T. A. , Galloway W. R. J. D. , Bartlett S. , Ciardiello J. J. , McGuire T. M. , Spring D. R.
Published: April 2016

A new and modular strategy for the concise synthesis of the title pyridopyrimidine derivatives and related compounds, derivatives of pharmaceutical interest, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Peroxide‐Free Synthesis of Benzo[b][1,4]thiazine 1,1‐Dioxides and Their Antimicrobial Study.
Authors: Mitra Shubhanjan , Mukherjee Sayani , Hajra Alakananda
Published: April 2016

Compounds (VIIIb) and (VIb) reveal potent antifungal and antimicrobial activity, respectively, comparable to marketed drugs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Borylation of Benzylic Ammonium Salts: Stereospecific Synthesis of Enantioenriched Benzylic Boronates.
Authors: Basch Corey H. , Cobb Kelsey M. , Watson Mary P.
Published: April 2016

Conditions for a highly stereospecific Miyaura borylation of secondary benzylic ammonium triflates with an extended π‐system, such as naphthyl, indole or benzofuran derivatives, are elaborated which may be adjusted to the borylation of other aromatic non‐naphthyl systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Borane‐Catalyzed Reductive α‐Silylation of Conjugated Esters and Amides Leaving Carbonyl Groups Intact.
Authors: Kim Youngchan , Chang Sukbok
Published: April 2016

The α‐silylation of various α‐,β‐unsaturated acyclic or cyclic esters and amides affords α‐silyl carbonyl compounds with high chemoselectivity, thus the labile carbonyl group keeps intact.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition of α‐Fluoro β‐Ketophosphonate to Nitroalkenes
Authors: Jeong Hyun Jung , Kim Dae Young
Published: April 2016

affording γ‐nitro α‐fluorophosphonate derivatives with high diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities
ChemInform Abstract: Antimalarial Diterpenoid Dimers of a New Carbon Skeleton from Aphanamixis grandifolia.
Authors: Zhang Hua , Liu Jia , Gan Li‐She , Dalal Seema , Cassera Maria B. , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: April 2016

isolation, structure elucidation and biological activity of new dimeric diterpenoids, aphadilactones E—G (I)—(III), aphanamene H (IV) and I (V)
ChemInform Abstract: Analgesic Diterpenoids from the Twigs of Pieris formosa.
Authors: Niu Chang‐Shan , Li Yong , Liu Yun‐Bao , Ma Shuang‐Gang , Li Li , Qu Jing , Yu Shi‐Shan
Published: April 2016

Pieristoxin L—S, new grayanane‐type diterpenoids, are isolated and some of them show significant analgesic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Callistrilones A and B, Triketone—Phloroglucinol—Monoterpene Hybrids with a New Skeleton from Callistemon rigidus.
Authors: Cao Jia‐Qing , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Li Yu‐Ting , Wang Ying , Wang Lei , Jiang Ren‐Wang , Ye Wen‐Cai
Published: April 2016

The antibacterial activities of compounds (I) and (II) are evaluated, and (I) is shown to exhibit moderate activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Enantioselective Synthesis of Oxygenated Steroids via Sequential Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Michael Addition/Intramolecular Aldol Cyclization Reactions.
Authors: Cichowicz Nathan R. , Kaplan Will , Khomutnyk Yaroslav , Bhattarai Bijay , Sun Zhankui , Nagorny Pavel
Published: April 2016

Depending on the base used for induction of the aldol cascade reaction either natural or non‐natural steroid skeleton are selectively accessed.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenolic Derivatives from the Stems of Lagerstroemia indica and Their Biological Activity
Authors: Lee Kang Ro , Woo Kyeong Wan , Subedi Lalita , Kim Sun Yeou , Choi Sang Un , Suh Won Se , Kim Ki Hyun
Published: April 2016

isolation and structure elucidation of stroside A (I), stroside B (II), stroside C (III), and lagerindiol (IV)
ChemInform Abstract: New Antifouling Macrodiolides from the Deep‐Sea‐Derived Fungus Trichobotrys effuse DFFSCS021.
Authors: Sun Yu‐Lin , Zhang Xiao‐Yong , Nong Xu‐Hua , Xu Xin‐Ya , Qi Shu‐Hua
Published: April 2016

Trichobotrysides A (I), B (II), and C (III) are isolated from the title fungus.
ChemInform Abstract: From Steroids to Aqueous Supramolecular Chemistry: An Autobiographical Career Review.
Authors: Gibb Bruce C
Published: April 2016

Review: [58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Synthesis and Utilization of Chiral β‐Aminophosphine Derivatives as Catalysts or Ligands
Authors: Li Wenbo , Zhang Junliang
Published: April 2016

Review: [78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stabilization of Reactive Species by Supramolecular Encapsulation
Authors: Galan Albano , Ballester Pablo
Published: April 2016

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Switching Involving Metastable States: Molecular Thermal Hysteresis and Sensing of Environmental Changes by Chiral Helicene Oligomeric Foldamers
Authors: Shigeno Masanori , Kushida Yo , Yamaguchi Masahiko
Published: April 2016

Review: [39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Membranes and Crystallization Processes: State of the Art and Prospects
Authors: Chabanon Elodie , Mangin Denis , Charcosset Catherine
Published: April 2016

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomedical Applications of DNA‐Nanomaterials Based on Metallic Nanoparticles and DNA Self‐Assembled Nanostructures
Authors: Wen Yanli , Li Lanying , Wang Lele , Xu Li , Liang Wen , Ren Suzhen , Liu Gang
Published: April 2016

Review: [67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Case Studies Illustrating a Science and Risk‐Based Approach to Ensuring Drug Quality When Using Enzymes in the Manufacture of Active Pharmaceuticals Ingredients for Oral Dosage Form
Authors: Wells Andrew S. , et al.
Published: April 2016

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of DNA Nanotechnology in Synthesis and Assembly of Inorganic Nanomaterials
Authors: Ma Yurou , Yang Xiangdong , Wei Yurong , Yuan Quan
Published: April 2016

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution NMR Spectroscopy Provides an Avenue for the Study of Functionally Dynamic Molecular Machines: The Example of Protein Disaggregation
Authors: Rosenzweig Rina , Kay Lewis E.
Published: April 2016

Review: 138 refs.
Prolonged corticosterone exposure induces dendritic spine remodeling and attrition in the rat medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Anderson Rachel M. , Glanz Ryan M. , Johnson Shane B. , Miller Mary M. , Romig‐Martin Sara A. , Radley Jason J.
Published: April 2016

The stress‐responsive hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis plays a central role in promoting adaptations acutely, whereas adverse effects on physiology and behavior following chronic challenges may result from overactivity of this system. Elevations in glucocorticoids, the end‐products of HPA activation, play roles in adaptive and maladaptive processes by targeting cognate receptors throughout neurons in limbic cortical networks to alter synaptic functioning. Because previous work has shown that chronic stress leads to functionally relevant regressive alterations in dendritic spine shape and number in pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), this study examines the capacity of sustained increases in circulating corticosterone (B) alone to alter dendritic spine morphology and density in this region. Subcutaneous B pellets were implanted in rats to provide continuous exposure to levels approximating the circadian mean or peak of the steroid for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic area of the mPFC were selected for intracellular fluorescent dye filling, followed by high‐resolution three‐dimensional imaging and analysis of dendritic arborization and spine morphometry. Two or more weeks of B exposure decreased dendritic spine volume in the mPFC, whereas higher dose exposure of the steroid resulted in apical dendritic retraction and spine loss in the same cell population, with thin spine subtypes showing the greatest degree of attrition. Finally, these structural alterations were noted to persist following a 3‐week washout period and corresponding restoration of circadian HPA rhythmicity. These studies suggest that prolonged disruptions in adrenocortical functioning may be sufficient to induce enduring regressive structural and functional alterations in the mPFC. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3729–3746, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunohistochemical localization of cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) in the brain of the pigeon (Columba livia) and zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Gutierrez‐Ibanez Cristian , Iwaniuk Andrew N. , Jensen Megan , Graham David J. , Pogány Ákos , Mongomery Benjamin C. , Stafford James L. , Luksch Harald , Wylie Douglas R.
Published: April 2016

Cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript peptides (CARTp) are neuropeptides that act as neurotransmitters in the brain of vertebrates. The expression of CARTp has been characterized in teleosts, amphibians, and several mammalian species, but comparative data in reptiles and birds are nonexistent. In this study, we show the distribution of immunoreactivity against CART peptides (CARTp‐ir) in the brains of two bird species: the pigeon (Columba livia) and zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). We found CARTp‐ir cells and terminals in the brains of both, but no major differences between the two species. As in mammals, teleost fish, and amphibians, CARTp‐ir terminals and cells were abundant in subpallial regions, particularly the striatum and nucleus accumbens. We also found CARTp‐ir cells and terminals in the hypothalamus, and a large number of CARTp‐ir terminals in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, periaqueductal gray, parabrachial nucleus, and dorsal vagal complex. However, in contrast to other vertebrates, CARTp‐ir was not found in the olfactory bulb. In addition there was almost no CARTp‐ir in the pallium or the hippocampal formation, and little CARTp‐ir in the cerebellum. The conserved expression of CARTp in the subpallium, hypothalamus, and dorsal vagal complex of birds suggests that some of the functions of CARTp, such as regulation of food intake and interactions with the social control network and mesolimbic reward system, are conserved among vertebrates. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3747–3773, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Method of Control of Ion Drag Force in Complex Plasmas
Authors: Pavlov S.I. , Dzlieva E.S. , Karasev V.Yu. , Ermolenko M.A. , Novikov L.A. , Maiorov S. A.
Published: April 2016

The research of dust structures dynamics in striations of the glow discharge in the magnetic field in the mixture of gases is presented. A variation of an ion flux velocity at an additive in light plasma forming gas of a small changeable portion of heavy and easily ionized components makes the control of ion drag force. It is shown that the small part of xenon (up to 5 percent) changes the static and dynamic properties of dust structure essentially. The increase of angular velocity of dust structure is revealed upon transition from pure helium to the mixture with small impurity of xenon. A reduction of vertical interpartical distance in dust structure in the mixture with xenon is detected. Results are agreed with data of calculation of characteristics of drift of ions in mixtures of gases. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Features of the Vapor‐Liquid (dielectric‐metal) Phase Transition in Metal Vapors, Semiconductors and Rare Gases
Authors: Khomkin A. L. , Shumikhin A. S.
Published: April 2016

A new method for the calculation of the critical point parameters and binodal of vapor‐liquid (dielectric‐metal) phase transition is suggested. It is based on the hypothesis that cohesion, which defines the main properties of solid state, also determines the properties in the vicinity of the critical point. Comparison with experimental and theoretical data available for metals, semiconductors and rare gases is made. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Corrections to the Electrical Conductivity of the Fully Ionized Plasma at Moderate Values of the Degeneracy Parameter
Authors: Karakhtanov V. S.
Published: April 2016

The influence of the electronic degeneration on the electrical conductivity of the fully ionized low‐density hightemperature plasma is investigated. The consideration basis is the following: the linear response theory in the formulation of Zubarev, Lenard‐Balescu‐type collision integrals with dynamical screening of the Coulomb interaction, the first Born approximation in the thermodynamic Green's functions technique. Asymptotic expansions for correlation functions for electron‐ion and electron‐electron scattering as functions of the degeneracy parameter Θ = kBT/EF in the range from Θ » 1 to Θ → 1 are obtained. The results presented are improved approximation formulas for the correlation functions and the electrical conductivity. The Spitzer factors for the electrical conductivity are slightly corrected. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adenine‐Based Coordination Polymers: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties
Authors: Sushrutha S. R. , Hota Raghunandan , Natarajan Srinivasan
Published: April 2016

A solvothermal reaction of metal nitrate (M = Zn, Cd), cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and adenine resulted in the isolation of three new coordination polymers, [Zn4(1,4‐CHDA)2.5(ad)3·2H2O] 7H2O 2DMA (CHDA = cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, ad = adenine, DMA = dimethylacetamide), I, [Cd3(1,4‐CHDA)2(ad)2·H2O], II, [Cd(1,2‐CHDA)(9‐HEA)·H2O] 4H2O [9‐HEA = 9‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)adenine], III. Single‐crystal structural studies show that compounds I and II have three‐dimensional structures whereas III has a two‐dimensional one. The formation of a Cd8 macrocycle in II, based on a polyhedral arrangement, appears to be new. In all the compounds, the amino group of the adenine appears to be free and can be utilized for the detection of explosives such as nitrophenol, dinitrophenol, and trinitrophenols. The hydroxyl nitro aromatics appears to have a much stronger influence on the luminescence behavior of the compounds with very low detection limits. This, in fact, provides a new opportunity for exploring these compounds for the detection of harmful nitro aromatics in solution. The present compounds also exhibit considerable sensitivity towards metal ion detection, especially Fe2+/Fe3+, Cr3+, Ag+, and Hg2+ ions in solution. Base‐catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation studies exhibit good conversion and selectivity.
Anionic Metal–Organic Framework for Selective Dye Removal and CO2 Fixation
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Verma Gaurav , Gao Wen‐Yang , Niu Zheng , Wojtas Lukasz , Ma Shengqian
Published: April 2016

A microporous Zn‐based anionic metal–organic framework (MOF) was synthesized with triangular 4,4′,4′′‐(pyridine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tribenzoic acid. The anionic MOF material featuring open channels proved to be a good capturing agent for the cationic dye methylene blue. In addition, the Zn‐MOF demonstrated excellent catalytic activity for CO2 fixation by cycloaddition reaction with epoxides for the generation of cyclic carbonates.
Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Cross‐Coupling of Compounds Containing Activated C–H/Heteroatom–H Bonds with N‐Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Jadhav Amol P. , Ray Devalina , Rao V. U. Bhaskara , Singh Ravi P.
Published: April 2016

Direct coupling between N‐tosylhydrazones and various coupling partners such as 1,3‐azoles, alkynes, and heteroatoms in the presence of Cu catalysts has turned out to be an extremely attractive route for carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation. Recently, both intra‐ and intermolecular versions, along with cascade reactions involving sequential inter‐ and intramolecular coupling, have made a significant impact in synthetic chemistry. Emphasis has been placed on copper as catalyst to highlight the advantages of these methods over those involving several other late‐transition‐metal catalysts. The limited advancements to date leave ample opportunity for further investigation in this area, which still has a long way to go in the near future. The key intermediates in these reactions arise from a carbene migratory insertion process that can be terminated in numerous ways, resulting in the formation of a diverse range of pharmaceutically important scaffolds.
Bioelectrocatalytic Activity of Immobilized Alcohol Oxidase on 4‐(pyrrole‐1‐yl) Benzoic Acid Modified Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kowalewska Barbara , Jakubow Katarzyna
Published: April 2016

A novel bioelectrocatalytic system was prepared by immobilizing alcohol oxidase (AOx) onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) modified with 4‐(pyrrole‐1‐yl) benzoic acid (PyBA). Functional carboxylic groups from PyBA create covalent amide linkages with amine groups from the enzyme molecule and provide an anchor for the effective immobilization of AOx improving the stability of the whole system. The immobilized enzyme displayed a pair of reversible redox peaks of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor with the formal potential E0’=−0.451 V. The response showed a surface‐controlled electrode process with the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant ks=2.7 s−1. Under aerobic conditions AOx(FADH2) can be oxidized to AOx(FAD) by oxygen, which then reacts with ethanol decreasing the cathodic response, which could be used for ethanol detection with a high sensitivity 13.1 μA mM−1 cm−2. The lack of bioactivity towards ethanol in anaerobic conditions suggests the presence of two types of AOx molecules in the system: active with oxygen maintaining the direct electron transfer feature and not active without a redox mediator, due to the deeply embedded FAD cofactor. The polarization curve showed that the electrooxidation current of ethanol appears at −410 mV and reaches 2.0 µA cm−1 at −300 mV. In this case, the bioactivity of AOx to ethanol can be observed offering promising solution for the development of mediatorless systems for application to biosensors and biofuel cells.
Development of Figures of Merit for Pyroelectric Energy‐Harvesting Devices
Authors: Sharma Manish , Vaish Rahul , Chauhan Vishal Singh
Published: April 2016

This study is an attempt to formulate figures of merit (FOMs) for pyroelectric energy‐harvesting devices that include the material's physical properties (pyroelectric coefficient, density, and heat capacity) along with dimensions of the material (thickness and area). The figures of merit are reported for pyroelectric generators using a scaling method, and these FOMs are slightly different from existing reported FOMs, likely due to the consideration of convective heat losses during materials heating. These losses have significant importance in pyroelectric energy‐harvesting applications which had not been previously considered in the existing FOMs reported in the literature. Such FOMs can be directly used for materials selection as well as for efficient device design for pyroelectric energy harvesting applications.
Nutritional, antioxidative, and antimicrobial analysis of the Mediterranean hackberry (Celtis australis L.)
Authors: Ota Ajda , Višnjevec Ana Miklavčič , Vidrih Rajko , Prgomet Željko , Nečemer Marijan , Hribar Janez , Cimerman Nina Gunde , Možina Sonja Smole , Bučar‐Miklavčič Milena , Ulrih Nataša Poklar
Published: April 2016

Celtis australis is a deciduous tree commonly known as Mediterranean hackberry or the European nettle tree. The fruit of hackberry are seldom used for nutritional purposes. The nutritional and physicochemical properties of ripe hackberry fruit from Istria (Marasi village near Vrsar, Croatia) were determined, including water, total fiber, protein, vitamin, mineral, and phenolic contents. This analysis demonstrates that the hackberry fruit is a valuable source of dietary fiber, protein, and vitamins, and of pigments such as lutein, β‐carotene, zeaxanthin, and tocopherols. The seasonal differences associated with the different growth stages for the element composition, total phenolic content, and phenolic profile were also determined for hackberry mesocarp and leaves. Water and ethanol extracts were prepared from mesocarp and leaves harvested at different growth stages and their phenolic profiles and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated. This study demonstrates that water and ethanol extracts of hackberry fruit and leaves collected at different growth stages contain epicatechin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, 3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde, delphinidin‐3,5‐di‐O‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3,5‐di‐O‐glucoside, and pelargonidin‐3,5‐di‐O‐glucoside. They also show some antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Further studies are needed to identify and define the active ingredients of these hackberry leaf ethanol extracts.
Identification of DNA double strand breaks at chromosome boundaries along the track of particle irradiation
Authors: Niimi Atsuko , Yamauchi Motohiro , Limsirichaikul Siripan , Sekine Ryota , Oike Takahiro , Sato Hiro , Suzuki Keiji , Held Kathryn D. , Nakano Takashi , Shibata Atsushi
Published: April 2016

Chromosomal translocations arise from misrejoining of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) between loci located on two chromosomes. One current model suggests that spatial proximity of potential chromosomal translocation partners influences translocation probability. Ionizing radiation (IR) is a potent inducer of translocations. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that particle irradiation more frequently causes translocations compared with X‐ray irradiation. This observation has led to the hypothesis that the high frequency of translocations after particle irradiation may be due to the formation of DSBs at chromosome boundaries along the particle track, because such DSBs can be misrejoined between distinct chromosomes. In this study, we simultaneously visualized the site of IR‐induced DSBs and chromosome position by combining Immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Importantly, the frequency of γH2AX foci at the chromosome boundary of chromosome 1 after carbon‐ion irradiation was >4‐fold higher than that after X‐ray irradiation. This observation is consistent with the idea that particle irradiation generates DSBs at the boundaries of two chromosomes along the track. Further, we showed that resolution of γH2AX foci at chromosome boundaries is prevented by inhibition of DNA‐PKcs activity, indicating that the DSB repair is NHEJ‐dependent. Finally, we found that γH2AX foci at chromosome boundaries after carbon‐ion irradiation contain DSBs undergoing DNA‐end resection, which promotes repair utilizing microhomology mediated end‐joining during translocation. Taken together, our study suggests that the frequency of DSB formation at chromosome boundaries is associated with the incidence of chromosomal translocations, supporting the notion that the spatial proximity between breaks is an important factor in translocation formation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expressional profiling of prostate cancer risk SNPs at 11q13.5 identifies DGAT2 as a new target gene
Authors: Nurminen Riikka , Rantapero Tommi , Wong Swee C. , Fischer Daniel , Lehtonen Rainer , Tammela Teuvo L.J. , Nykter Matti , Visakorpi Tapio , Wahlfors Tiina , Schleutker Johanna
Published: April 2016

A total of nine non‐coding variants on 11q13.5 predispose men to prostate cancer (PrCa). rs200331695 within the EMSY intron is associated with aggressive PrCa and two high linkage disequilibrium (LD) groups of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the intergenic region are associated with PrCa death. Here, the cis‐effect of the SNPs on gene expression using expression quantitative trait loci analysis was investigated. The regulatory potential was screened in prostate tumors (n = 41) and in whole blood (n = 99). The results were validated in a second tumor set (n = 41), in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) (n = 38), and using the GTEx Portal. The effects of haplotypes were analyzed in the whole blood. The high LD SNPs (rs143975731, rs12277366, rs2155225, and rs2155222) were associated with DGAT2 expression in both tumors sets (screening P = 0.035–0.043; validation P = 0.005–0.018). The PrCa death‐associated alleles decreased the expression by two‐fold. rs200331695 decreased DGAT2 expression in LCLs (P = 0.006). The findings of SNPs regulating CAPN5 (P = 0.026–0.046) and AP001189.4 (P = 0.03–0.039) in the whole blood were not observed in LCLs, but the association with AP001189.4 expression was validated via the GTEx Portal (P = 8.7 × 10−5 to 4.3 × 10−4), which suggests that the high LD intergenic SNPs exert a tissue‐dependent effect on the expression of two genes. No haplotypes including the risk SNPs at 11q13.5 were associated with gene expression and PrCa. The findings indicate the functionality of the PrCa death‐predisposing SNPs rs143975731, rs12277366, rs2155225, and rs2155222 as DGAT2 regulators in prostate tumors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Geochronology and Geomorphology of the Pioneer Archaeological Site, Upper Snake River Plain, Idaho, USA
Authors: Keene Joshua L.
Published: April 2016

Pioneer is an open‐air, stratified, multicomponent archaeological site located in the upper Snake River Plain of southeastern Idaho, USA. Block excavations provided an opportunity to contribute to the Late Quaternary geomorphic history of the Big Lost River drainage and provide geochronological context of archaeological components at the site. The stratigraphic sequence is interpreted as reflecting multiple depositional episodes and five soil‐formation periods beginning pre‐7200 cal. yr B.P. and lasting to the historic period. The stratigraphic sequence contains an archaeological component dated to ∼3800 cal. yr B.P. and several other components post‐800 cal. yr B.P. Major site formation processes include fluvial deposition and erosion, pedogenesis (accumulation of secondary carbonates), and bioturbation. Periods of increased deposition at Pioneer and elsewhere along the Big Lost River are inferred to have occurred between ∼8400–6500 cal. yr B.P. and ∼2700–400 cal. yr B.P., potentially related to cooler/wetter episodes of the mid‐to‐late Holocene, including increased precipitation during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (post‐750 cal. yr B.P.). There is also evidence of a high‐energy erosional event at ∼3800 cal. yr B.P. indicating a large middle Holocene flood. Pioneer provides an example of the archaeological and paleoclimatic value of studying alluvial buried soil stratigraphic sequences in arid environments.
Dynamic functional connectivity reveals altered variability in functional connectivity among patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Demirtaş Murat , Tornador Cristian , Falcón Carles , López‐Solà Marina , Hernández‐Ribas Rosa , Pujol Jesús , Menchón José M. , Ritter Petra , Cardoner Narcis , Soriano‐Mas Carles , Deco Gustavo
Published: April 2016

Resting‐state fMRI (RS‐fMRI) has become a useful tool to investigate the connectivity structure of mental health disorders. In the case of major depressive disorder (MDD), recent studies regarding the RS‐fMRI have found abnormal connectivity in several regions of the brain, particularly in the default mode network (DMN). Thus, the relevance of the DMN to self‐referential thoughts and ruminations has made the use of the resting‐state approach particularly important for MDD. The majority of such research has relied on the grand averaged functional connectivity measures based on the temporal correlations between the BOLD time series of various brain regions. We, in our study, investigated the variations in the functional connectivity over time at global and local level using RS‐fMRI BOLD time series of 27 MDD patients and 27 healthy control subjects. We found that global synchronization and temporal stability were significantly increased in the MDD patients. Furthermore, the participants with MDD showed significantly increased overall average (static) functional connectivity (sFC) but decreased variability of functional connectivity (vFC) within specific networks. Static FC increased to predominance among the regions pertaining to the default mode network (DMN), while the decreased variability of FC was observed in the connections between the DMN and the frontoparietal network. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2918–2930, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Failure mechanisms in CoCrMo modular femoral stems for revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Qiong , Parry Michael , Masri Bassam A. , Duncan Clive , Wang Rizhi
Published: April 2016

In this retrieval study, we reported the failure mechanisms of the CoCrMo‐based hip implants. Systematic analyses on the clinically failed modular femoral stems from Revitan™ revision prostheses revealed a multistep fracture process. Multiple microcracks were first developed under the combined action of pitting corrosion and dynamic tensile stress on the lateral side of the CoCrMo connection taper. These microcracks then served as the initiation sites of further corrosion fatigue cracking leading to the final catastrophic failure. This crack initiation process has not been previously reported on retrieved CoCrMo components and our findings provide valuable information on the clinical performance of such implants, as well as the material selection and structural designs of future modular stems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1525–1535, 2017.
Artemisia Extract Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by Up‐Regulating Adiponectin
Authors: Sun Xia , Sun Hong , Zhang Jing , Ji Xianghong
Published: April 2016

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has affected a great number of pregnant women worldwide. Artemisia extracts have been found to exhibit a potent antidiabetic effect in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We aimed to examine the effects of Artemisia extract on insulin resistance and lipid profiles in pregnant GDM patients. Patients in their second trimester were randomly assigned to the Artemisia extract group (AE) or to a placebo group (PO). They were instructed to consume either AE or PO daily for a period of 10 weeks. Glucose and insulin profiles and adiponectin level were assessed at baseline (week 0) and after the treatment (week 10). Compared to the PO group, fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin levels, homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), and β‐cell function (HOMA‐B) were significantly reduced in the AE group participants. Moreover, levels of circulating adiponectin were also significantly up‐regulated in the AE group, which also positively contributed to improved insulin sensitivity. Daily administration of Artemisia extract improves insulin sensitivity by up‐regulating adiponectin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.