bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooking, textural, and mechanical properties of rice flour‐soy protein isolate noodles prepared using combined treatments of microbial transglutaminase and glucono‐δ‐lactone
Authors: Ojukwu Moses , Tan Joo Shun , Easa Azhar Mat
Published: August 2020

A process for enhancing textural and cooking properties of fresh rice flour‐soy protein isolate noodles (RNS) to match those of yellow alkaline noodles (YAN) was developed by incorporating microbial transglutaminase (RNS‐MTG), glucono‐δ‐lactone (RNS‐GDL), and both MTG and GDL into the RNS noodles (RNS‐COM). The formation of γ‐glutamyl‐lysine bonds in RNS‐COM and RNS‐MTG was shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Scanning electron microscope showed that compared to others, the structure of RNS‐COM was denser, smoother with extensive apparent interconnectivity of aggregates. The optimum cooking time was in the order: YAN > RNS‐COM > RNS‐MTG > RNS‐GDL > RN (rice flour noodles); tensile strength was in the order: YAN > RNS‐COM > RNS‐MTG > RNS‐GDL > RN; and elasticity were in the order: YAN > RNS‐COM > RNS‐MTG, RNS‐GDL > RN. Overall, RNS‐COM showed similar textural and structural breakdown parameters as compared to those of YAN. Changes in microstructures and improvement of RNS‐COM in certain properties were likely due to enhanced crosslinking of proteins attributed to MTG‐ and GDL‐induced cold gelation of proteins at reduced pH value. It is possible to use the combination of MTG and GDL to improve textural and mechanical properties of RNS comparable to those of YAN.

Practical Application

Combined MTG and GDL yield rice flour noodles with improved textural properties.

The restructured rice flour noodles have the potential to replace yellow alkaline noodles.
Stratigraphic Framework of the Cryogenian in China
Authors: YU Yang , YE Qin , ZHANG Kexin , HE Weihong , SONG Bowen , XU Yadong , KOU Xiaohu , WANG Jiaxuan , YANG Fengli
Published: August 2020

The Cryogenian is a critical period in the history of the Earth. It is marked by multiple extreme climate changes that caused alternating global glacial and interglacial intervals. These dramatically changed the sedimentary system, and metal ores and source rocks distributed widely during this period. Therefore, studying the Cryogenian stratigraphic framework and sedimentary basins is important to improve the stratigraphic resolution for metal mineral and hydrocarbon prospecting and exploration in China. This review paper firstly divides three tectonic‐stratigraphic regions in China in the Cryogenian, including the tectonic‐stratigraphic regions of Great South China, Xingmeng‐Tarim, and North China. Secondly, geochronologic data and geological records are combined to clearly depict the Cryogenian sedimentary sequence of continental blocks and micro‐continental blocks in different tectonic‐stratigraphic regions. The results were used to propose a new comparison scheme of stratigraphy for the Cryogenian in China. Finally, according to differences of sedimentary evolution and tectonic evolvement, sedimentary basins and their lithofacies paleogeography are identified and summarized, respectively.
Deformation at the Easternmost Altyn Tagh Fault: Constraints on the Growth of the Northern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: ZHANG Jin , YUN Long , ZHANG Beihang , QU Junfeng , ZHAO Heng , HUI Jie , WANG Yannan , ZHANG Yiping
Published: August 2020

How the Altyn Tagh fault (ATF) extends eastwards is one of the key questions in the study of the growth of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Detailed fieldwork at the easternmost part of the ATF shows that the ATF extends eastward and bypasses the Kuantan Mountain; it does not stop at the Kuantan Mountain, but connects with the northern Heishan fault in the east. The ATF does not enter the Alxa Block but extends eastward along the southern Alxa Block to the Jintanan Mountain. The Heishan fault is not a thrust fault but a sinistral strike‐slip fault with a component of thrusting and is a part of the ATF. Further to the east, the Heishan fault may connect with the Jintananshan fault. A typical strike‐slip duplex develops in the easternmost part of the ATF. The cut and deformed Quaternary sediments and displaced present gullies along the easternmost ATF indicate that it is an active fault. The local highest Mountain (i.e., the Kuantan Mountain) in the region forms in a restraining bend of the ATF due to the thrusting and uplifting. The northward growth of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and the active deformation in South Mongolia are realized by sinistral strike‐slipping on a series of NE–SW‐trending faults and thrusting in restraining bends along the strike‐slip faults with the northeastward motion of blocks between these faults.
Zircon U–Pb Ages and Lu–Hf Isotope of the Dongchuan Group in Central Yunnan, China, and their Geological Significance
Authors: HAN Kunying , ZHANG Heng , DING Xiaozhong , REN Liudong , SHI Chenglong , PANG Jianfeng
Published: August 2020

On the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block, the Dongchuan Group consists of slightly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, including silty slate, argillaceous slate, clayey slate, arkose, dolomite, and minor volcanic rocks. To date, it is still a controversy over the depositional age and stratigraphic sequence of the Dongchuan Group. In this study, we analyzed five samples of meta‐sedimentary rocks and one sample of meta‐tuff from the Yinmin, Luoxue and Etouchang Formations of the Dongchuan Group in the Yuxi region for detrital zircon U‐Pb ages and Lu‐Hf isotope. The detrital zircon ages of the meta‐sediments vary from 3073 to 1703 Ma, mainly clustered at three periods, from 1889 to 1840, 2490 to 2008 and 2878 to 2844 Ma. The youngest age peak of all the samples is ∼1859 Ma, with the∊Hf(t) values of the zircons ranging from –20.3 to +4.3 and more than 90% being negative, indicating that the Paleoproterozoic crustal accretion on the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block was dominated by reworking of the ancient crustal materials involved in the assembly and breakup of the Columbia supercontinent. Another important age range is between 2490 Ma and 2008 Ma, with∊Hf(t) values from –14.7 to +8.9 and 70% of them are negative, suggesting that the magmatism in the source area was also dominated by reworking and recycling of the ancient crustal materials, with minor juvenile mantle substances added. The detritus was probably derived from the Paleoproterozoic crystalline basement in the southern Yuxi region. The oldest peak age is ∼2847 Ma and the∊Hf(t) values are from –7.7 to +7.0 with 50% of both positive and negative values, demonstrating a possible ∼2.85 Ga ancient continental nucleus on the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block and substantial growth in juvenile crust materials during this period. Besides, the weighted average age of the zircons from the meta‐tuff of the Etouchang Formation is 1677 ± 14 Ma. Combining the previous research data and this study, we can constrain the depositional age of the Dongchuan Group in central Yunnan Province to the period from the late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic, slightly earlier than that of the Dongchuan Group in the Dongchuan area near to the southwestern Sichuan Province. The depositional age of the Dongchuan Group is older than that of the Kunyang Group.
Quaternary Stratigraphic Division and Paleoenvironmental Evolution Observed from Core LZK1 on Hengsha Island, Shanghai
Authors: KE Xue , XIE Jianlei , ZHANG Zongyan , ZOU Yarui , WANG Guoquan
Published: August 2020

The Quaternary sediments in the Yangtze delta are loose and lack precise stratification marks in the lithology. Moreover, due to the limitations of dating methods, it is difficult for Quaternary cores to deliver accurate age constraints. Thus, it is a challenge to establish the Quaternary stratigraphic framework. Gravity core LZK1 was drilled on Hengsha Island, Shanghai, in the Yangtze delta, in 2012. The core was terminated at 403.83 m below the local land surface, the uppermost 291.2 m comprising a thick sequence of Quaternary sediments. This study investigated the stratigraphic subdivision and paleoenvironmental change of the Quaternary sediments. From bottom to top, the Quaternary stratigraphic sequence can be subdivided into the lower Pleistocene Anting Formation, Middle Pleistocene Jiading Formation, Upper Pleistocene Chuansha Formation and Nanhui Formation, Holocene Loutang Formation, Shanghai Formation, and Rudong Formation. According to this study, the Hengsha Island area was dominated by a freshwater lacustrine environment during the early Pleistocene, an alternation of shallow lake and shore lake environment during the Middle Pleistocene, a delta plain to lagoonal environment during the early Upper Pleistocene, a fluvial channel to floodplain environment from the LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) to the end of the Upper Pleistocene, and a delta environment during the Holocene.
Sedimentary Paleoenvironment of the Eastern Hexi Corridor, NW China: Constraints from Chert Geochemistry and Sedimentary Analysis of Early Paleozoic Strata
Authors: ZHANG Yiping , CHEN Xuanhua , ZUZA A.V. , ZHANG Beihang , ZHAO Heng
Published: August 2020

The eastern Hexi Corridor, northwest China, is located at the tectonic junction of the Alxa Block, the North China Craton, and the Qinling‐Qilian Orogen. The early Paleozoic Xiangshan Group record critical information regarding paleoenvironment, paleoclimate and paleotectonic setting, from which we here present a focused study on the chert beds within the Xiangshan Group. Through field mapping, microstructural observation, whole‐rock geochemistry analyses and detrital zircon dating, we suggest that the Xiangshan Group chert was deposited along a passive continental margin, formed primarily through biological activity with minor hydrothermal influence and terrestrial input. The characteristics of the chert support a low latitude sedimentary paleoenvironmental origin, and reveal the fact that the Alxa Block was separated from the North China craton, while emerged some paleogeographic affinity with the Qilian region in the Middle‐Late Cambrian.
Diet composition of an opportunistic predator from an upwelling area in the Southeastern Pacific
Authors: Sarmiento‐Devia Ricardo , Sepúlveda Maritza , Pavez Guido , Valdés Jorge , Canto Anahí , Orellana Muriel , Oliva Doris
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to use scat analysis to analyse the dietary composition of the South American sea lion (SASL, Otaria byronia) over a short temporal scale and in different but closely located colonies in the Humboldt Current System of northern Chile. Scat samples were collected at Arica (18°34′S), Iquique (20°48′S) and Mejillones (23°04′S) during the summer (January to March) and winter (July) of 2015. A total of 16 595 individual prey items from nine species were found in 194 of the 215 scat samples. In general, squat lobster (Pleuroncodes monodon) was the most important prey item for the sea lion diet, both by number and according to the index of relative importance (%IRI), followed by anchovy (Engraulis ringens), which was the most frequent prey item in the scats and the most important by weight. Patagonian squid (Loligo gahi) ranked third in importance in the sea lion diet. However, some spatiotemporal variations in the consumption of prey were found. Squat lobster was the most important prey for sea lions in Arica and Iquique, while anchovy was the dominant prey in Mejillones. Regarding seasonal variation, squat lobster was more important in winter than in summer in the three localities, while anchovy was also more important during winter, except in Mejillones where the levels of consumption of this prey were similar in both seasons. These results show that SASL adjust their dietary preferences, modifying the contribution of different prey both spatially and temporally. Spatiotemporal variations in the SASL diet can be explained by temporal changes in the distribution and abundance of their prey.
Relationships among the corpus luteum, follicles and conceptus in sheep
Authors: Ali Ahmed , Derar Derar R.
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to investigate the intra‐ and interovarian relationships among the corpus luteum (CL), the largest follicle (LF) and follicular population in non‐pregnant and between the conceptus and ovarian structures in pregnant ewes. In experiment 1, the follicular and luteal structures were examined in 538 reproductive systems of non‐pregnant Awassi ewes. The follicular population was categorised into small (SF), medium (MF) and large (LF) groups. Inter‐relationships between CL and follicular population and between LF and subordinate follicles were determined. In experiment 2, the location and number of conceptuses were identified and correlated with the ovarian structures in 58 reproductive systems of pregnant ewes. Effects of pregnancy status, stage of pregnancy, pregnancy side and conceptual number on follicular population were determined. The results showed that the right ovary was more active than the left ovary. CL had intraovarian positive effect on the number of medium and large follicles. LF had no local suppressive effect on the subordinate follicles. Side and stage of pregnancy and the conceptual number did not affect the follicular population. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the LF has no local suppressive effect on the subordinate follicles. The CL has intraovarian positive effect on the follicular population. Follicular population does not show remarkable changes during the first term of pregnancy. The present study probably provides information which may help in the understanding of the ovarian dynamics during pregnancy in sheep.
RT‐PCR analysis of mRNA revealed the splice‐altering effect of rare intronic variants in monogenic disorders
Authors: Zhang Xia , Qiu Wenjuan , Liu Huili , Ye Xiantao , Sun Yu , Fan Yanjie , Yu Yongguo
Published: August 2020

Background

Variants perturbing the normal splicing of pre‐mRNA can lead to human diseases. The splice‐altering effect and eventual consequence on gene function was sometimes uncertain and hinders a definitive molecular diagnosis.

Methods

The impact of four rare intronic variants on splicing was analyzed through reverse transcription ‐ polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis of mRNA derived from the peripheral blood of patients. The results were compared with in‐silico prediction. Potential implication on molecular diagnosis was discussed.

Results

Four rare intronic variants of SLC9A6, DLG3, GAA, and OCRL were identified in patients with suspected disorders, respectively. Although these four variants were all predicted to alter splicing by in‐silico tools, RT‐PCR analysis of mRNA derived from peripheral blood showed these variants affected splicing in different ways: c.899+3_899+6del of SLC9A6 resulted in one‐exon skipping and an out‐of‐frame transcript; c.905‐2A > G of DLG3 resulted in a mix of in‐frame transcripts; c.1195‐11T > A of GAA resulted in the in‐frame insertion of nine nucleotides; c.723‐2A > C of OCRL resulted in one‐exon skipping and in‐frame deletion of 102 nucleotides. The consequence revealed by mRNA analysis is essential for accurate interpretation of pathogenicity.

Conclusion

Four intronic variants all caused aberrant mRNA splicing. For intronic variants with uncertain impact on splicing, mRNA analysis is helpful for ascertainment of alternative splicing and accurate interpretation of pathogenicity.
Outlaw Capital: Accumulation by Transgression on the Paraguay–Brazil Border
Authors: Tucker Jennifer
Published: August 2020

Outlaw economies are a key, but under‐appreciated, feature of late capitalism. With an ethnography of what one journalist called “the largest illicit economy in the Western Hemisphere” on the Paraguay–Brazil border, this article contributes empirical findings about the production of space for extralegal economies. Contributing to debates about geographies of the illicit, I theoriseoutlaw capital, a form of capital that negotiates profits and distributes rents through situated forms of deals, bribes, and schemes. Outlaw capital zones particular places as sites of useful transgression. Powerful spatial imaginaries then cast them out of thought, despite their connections to spaces of authorised economic practice. Outlaw capital’s diverse, flexible spatio‐economic forms benefit from explicit and tacit state support. As an example of theory building from the South, outlaw capital can help us think broadly about the power and politics ofaccumulation by transgressionas a key logic of outlaw capital.
Undocumented Activism and Minor Politics: Inside the Cramped Political Spaces of Deportation Defense Campaigns
Authors: Kocher Austin , Stuesse Angela
Published: August 2020

Undocumented activism is on the rise. In response to the expansion of immigrant policing, detention, and deportation, immigrant rights organizers have increasingly deployed a longstanding approach to anti‐deportation activism called “deportation defense campaigns” (DDCs). DDCs seek to disrupt the deportation regime by preventing or delaying individual deportations and providing immigrants a path to temporary or permanent legalization on a case‐by‐case basis. Yet in the process, campaigns must address questions about when and how to challenge dominant discourses and institutions while also achieving short‐term goals. We examine DDCs through Deleuze and Guattari’s notion of the “minor” to examine how campaigns navigate difficult decisions about when and how to employ tactics that are typically characterized as either disruptive or conformist. Indeed, we argue that disruption and conformism should be understood not as a static evaluative framework, but as strategies that condition, and are conditioned by, the contexts in which undocumented activism unfolds. Using ethnographic methods, we examine two DDCs to show how the campaigns strategically navigated the cramped political spaces of undocumented organizing in the months following the new Trump administration’s surge of anti‐immigrant policies. We find that DDCs simultaneously draw upon and subvert dominant forms of citizenship and belonging in order to pressure ICE to exercise legal discretion and stop deportation. We conclude that DDCs unfold under historically and geographically specific conditions that not only shape what counts as disruptive and conformist, but may call into question any easy division between the two altogether.
Efficacy of transvaginal cervical cerclage in women at risk of preterm birth following previous emergency cesarean section
Authors: Hickland Maria M. , Story Lisa , Glazewska‐Hallin Agnieszka , Suff Natalie , Cauldwell Matthew , Watson Helena A. , Carter Jenny , Duhig Kate E. , Shennan Andrew H.
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Emergency cesarean sections (EMCS) are associated with subsequent preterm birth, particularly at full dilation (FDCS), which is a cause of both second trimester miscarriages and early, recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). The optimal management for these women in subsequent pregnancies is currently unknown. This study aims to assess efficacy of transvaginal cervical cerclage (TVC) in prevention of preterm birth among women who have had an EMCS followed by a subsequent late miscarriage or sPTB.

Material and methods

A historical cohort study was performed assessing outcomes of women attending the Preterm Surveillance Clinic at St Thomas’ Hospital, London, who received TVC, with a history of EMCS (pregnancy A) followed by a sPTB/late miscarriage (pregnancy B) and a subsequent pregnancy (pregnancy C). A historical reference group managed in the same clinic was identified comprising women with any risk factor for sPTB, who required TVC. Incidence of delivery >24 to <30 weeks’ gestation was compared with relative risk and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analysis was carried out assessing women who had a previous FDCS.

Results

209 women with a previous EMCS during labor (50 with FDCS), followed by sPTB/late miscarriage were identified. 178 progressed beyond 24 weeks; of these, 56 received TVC and formed the study group. 905 high‐risk women were identified; of these, 154 received TVC and formed the reference group. Despite TVC treatment, 17/56 (30%) of the study group delivered <30 weeks’ gestation compared with 5/154 (3%) of the reference group (RR 9.4, 95% CI 3.6‐24.2, P < .001). In the subset of 17 women in the study group with a previous FDCS, followed by sPTB/late miscarriage, 6/17 (35%) delivered <30 weeks’ gestation, significantly higher than the reference group (P < .001) but similar to EMCS at less than full dilation (35% vs 28%, P = .596). Overall, 33/72 (46%) women receiving cerclage with prior EMCS had either a mid‐trimester loss or delivery <30 weeks.

Conclusions

Transvaginal cervical cerclage appears less effective in preventing preterm birth among pregnant women who have had an EMCS followed by a sPTB/late miscarriage compared with other high‐risk women. The lack of efficacy in the subgroup with an FDCS was similar.
Letter: the under‐treatment and under‐diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer is just the tip of the iceberg
Authors: Shiha Mohamed G. , Hopper Andrew D. , Campbell Jennifer A. , Sanders David S.
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to the Forsmark et al and Forsmark and Yadav papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15698 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15948
Letter: ustekinumab's effectiveness outcomes compared with vedolizumab in Crohn’s disease—what about mucosal healing and biomarkers?
Authors: Bertani Lorenzo , Antonioli Luca , Blandizzi Corrado
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to the Biemans et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15745 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15959
Letter: pre‐emptive TIPSS for variceal bleeding—patient selection is key
Authors: Wickremeratne Tehara , Mitchell Jonathan D. , O’Beirne James
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Dunne et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15797
Editorial: impact of the introduction of direct‐acting antiviral drugs on hepatocarcinogenesis—a prospective serial follow‐up MRI study. Author’s reply
Authors: Kumada Takashi
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Kumada et al and Ito papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15825 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15911
Letter: ustekinumab's effectiveness compared with vedolizumab in Crohn's disease—what about mucosal healing and biomarkers? Authors' reply
Authors: Biemans Vince B. C. , Hoentjen Frank , Pierik Marieke J.
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Biemans et al and Bertani et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15745 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15920
Neuroblastoma patient‐derived cultures are enriched for a mesenchymal gene signature and reflect individual drug response
Authors: Hee Esther , Wong Meng Kang , Tan Sheng Hui , Choo Zhang’E , Kuick Chik Hong , Ling Sharon , Yong Min Hwee , Jain Sudhanshi , Lian Derrick W. Q. , Ng Eileen H. Q. , Yong Yvonne F. L. , Ren Mee Hiong , Syed Sulaiman Nurfarhanah , Low Sharon Y. Y. , Chua Yong Wei , Syed Muhammad Fahmy , Lim Tony K. H. , Soh Shui Yen , Iyer Prasad , Seng Michaela S. F. , Lam Joyce C. M. , Tan Enrica E. K. , Chan Mei Yoke , Tan Ah Moy , Chen Yong , Chen Zhixiong , Chang Kenneth T. E. , Loh Amos Hong Pheng
Published: August 2020

Ex vivo evaluation of personalized models can facilitate individualized treatment selection for patients, and advance the discovery of novel therapeutic options. However, for embryonal malignancies, representative primary cultures have been difficult to establish. We developed patient‐derived cell cultures (PDCs) from chemo‐naïve and post–treatment neuroblastoma tumors in a consistent and efficient manner, and characterized their in vitro growth dynamics, histomorphology, gene expression, and functional chemo‐response. From 34 neuroblastoma tumors, 22 engrafted in vitro to generate 31 individual PDC lines, with higher engraftment seen with metastatic tumors. PDCs displayed characteristic immunohistochemical staining patterns of PHOX2B, TH, and GD2 synthase. Concordance of MYCN amplification, 1p and 11q deletion between PDCs and patient tumors was 83.3%, 72.7%, and 80.0% respectively. PDCs displayed a predominantly mesenchymal‐type gene expression signature and showed upregulation of pro‐angiogenic factors that were similarly enriched in culture medium and paired patient serum samples. When tested with standard‐of‐care cytotoxics at human Cmax‐equivalent concentrations, MYCN‐amplified and non‐MYCN‐amplified PDCs showed a differential response to cyclophosphamide and topotecan, which mirrored the corresponding patients’ responses, and correlated with gene signatures of chemosensitivity. In this translational proof‐of‐concept study, early‐phase neuroblastoma PDCs enriched for the mesenchymal cell subpopulation recapitulated the individual molecular and phenotypic profile of patient tumors, and highlighted their potential as a platform for individualized ex vivo drug‐response testing.
Investigating Bidirectional Links Between the Quality of Teacher–Child Relationships and Children’s Interest and Pre‐Academic Skills in Literacy and Math
Authors: Pakarinen Eija , Lerkkanen Marja‐Kristiina , Viljaranta Jaana , von Suchodoletz Antje
Published: August 2020

This study investigated bidirectional links between the quality of teacher–child relationships and children’s interest and pre‐academic skills in literacy and math. Furthermore, differences in the patterns of bidirectionality between boys and girls were explored. Participants were 461 Finnish kindergarteners (6‐year‐olds) and their teachers (n = 48). Teachers reported their closeness and conflict with each child twice throughout the kindergarten year. Children rated their interest in literacy and math, and were tested on their pre‐academic skills. Cross‐lagged path models indicated that teacher‐perceived conflict predicted lower interest and pre‐academic skills in both literacy and math. Results were similar for boys and girls. Implications for reducing conflictual patterns of relationships, together with promoting other factors, are discussed.
Contact sensitization in metalworkers: Data from the information network of departments of dermatology (IVDK), 2010–2018
Authors: Schubert Steffen , Brans Richard , Reich Anna , Buhl Timo , Skudlik Christoph , Schröder‐Kraft Claudia , Gina Michal , Weisshaar Elke , Mahler Vera , Dickel Heinrich , Schön Michael P. , John Swen M. , Geier Johannes ,   for the IVDK
Published: August 2020

Background

Metalworkers are exposed to a variety of contact allergens by handling tools, metals, metalworking fluids (MWFs), oils and greases, rubber materials, and so on. Most large‐scale reports on contact allergy due to MWFs are more than 10‐years‐old, and there are only few studies on contact allergy in mechanics and other metal workers not exposed to MWFs.

Objectives

To describe a current spectrum of contact sensitization in metalworkers with occupational dermatitis (OD).

Patients and Methods

Retrospective analysis of patch test data collected by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK; 2010–2018), stratifying for 804 cutting metalworkers, 2197 mechanics, and 355 other metalworkers.

Results

Cutting metalworkers were most frequently sensitized to monoethanolamine (12.6%), colophonium/abietic acid (11.4%) and formaldehyde releasers (up to 8.5%) from the MWF series, and formaldehyde (4.6%) and iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (4.6%) from the baseline series. Sensitization among mechanics and other metalworkers indicates possible occupational exposure to MWFs, glues, and resins, although this may not be expected from their job titles.

Conclusions

The spectrum of MWF contact allergens remained largely unchanged during the last years. Taking a comprehensive occupational history is indispensable in order to not miss relevant allergen exposures.
Mites, caterpillars and moths
Authors: Panzer Rüdiger , Krebs Susanne
Published: August 2020

Besides conditions such as scabies and hypersensitivity to house dust mites, other diseases caused by mites and caterpillars tend to be more uncommon in everyday practice. Nevertheless, there is a broad spectrum of medically relevant disorders associated with these arthropods. Mites may act as parasites that infect or colonize the skin (e.g., scabies, pseudoscabies, demodicosis) or they may pierce the host’s skin and feed on tissue fluid and blood (trombiculosis). In the latter case, they also play a role as vectors transmittingOrientia tsutsugamushi, the pathogen that causes Tsutsugamushi fever. In addition to house dust mites, storage mites, too, are characterized by their allergenic potential.

The terms erucism and lepidopterism are used for the various diseases caused by caterpillars and moths. Both terms are not used consistently. With respect to pathogenesis, various mechanisms have been described, including type I and type IV hypersensitivity as well as irritant and toxin‐induced reactions. In Germany, skin reactions following exposure to the hairs of oak processionary caterpillars are particularly common. Extracutaneous manifestations including nausea, vomiting, hemorrhage, arthropathy or even life‐threatening reactions have been reported in association with certain exotic species. Some species act as parasites by feeding on blood or tears.

As natural silk can cause immediate and delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions, workers in the silk industry may develop allergic asthma, rhinitis, or conjunctivitis. Consumption of silkworm pupae is associated with the risk of food allergy.
Prevention and management of respiratory disease in young people with cerebral palsy: consensus statement
Authors: Gibson Noula , Blackmore Amanda M , Chang Anne B , Cooper Monica S , Jaffe Adam , Kong Wee‐Ren , Langdon Katherine , Moshovis Lisa , Pavleski Karolina , Wilson Andrew C
Published: August 2020

Respiratory illness is the leading cause of mortality in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Although risk factors for developing chronic respiratory illness have been identified, comprehensive clinical care recommendations for the prevention and management of respiratory illness do not currently exist. We invited over 200 clinicians and researchers from multiple disciplines with expertise in the management of respiratory illness in children with CP to develop care recommendations using a modified Delphi method on the basis of the RAND Corporation–University of California Los Angeles Appropriateness Method. These recommendations are intended for use by the wide range of practitioners who care for individuals living with CP. They provide a framework for recognizing multifactorial primary and secondary potentially modifiable risk factors and for providing coordinated multidisciplinary care. We describe the methods used to generate the consensus recommendations, and the overall perspective on assessment, prevention, and treatment of respiratory illness in children with CP.

What this paper adds

The first consensus statement for preventing and managing respiratory disease in cerebral palsy (CP).

Risk factors for respiratory disease in CP should be identified early.

Individuals with CP at risk of respiratory disease require regular assessment of risk factors.

Effective partnerships between multidisciplinary teams, individuals with CP, and families are essential.

Treatment of respiratory disease in individuals with CP must be proactive.
The association between the renal resistive index and the myocardial performance index in the general population
Authors: Quisi Alaa , Harbalıoğlu Hazar , Özel Mehmet Ali , Alıcı Gökhan , Genç Ömer , Kurt Ibrahim Halil
Published: August 2020

Objective

The renal resistive index (RRI) is the most described measure of renal hemodynamics. The myocardial performance index (MPI) is widely used to assess overall myocardial performance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between renal hemodynamics, assessed by the RRI, and cardiac functions, assessed by the MPI in the general population.

Methods

This single‐center, cross‐sectional study included a total of 302 consecutive patients who presented to our outpatient cardiology clinic between October 2019 and February 2020. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and renal Doppler ultrasonography. The study population was divided into two groups: low RRI group (RRI ≤ 0.7, n = 236) and high RRI group (RRI > 0.7, n = 66).

Results

E/A ratio, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and the MPI were significantly higher in the high RRI group than in the low RRI group (61.3 ± 15.4 vs 55.3 ± 16.4, P = .010 for E velocity; 0.9 ± 0.3 vs 0.7 ± 0.2, P = .008 for E/A ratio; 57.7 ± 4.7 vs 53.2 ± 10.1, P = .029 for LVEF; 0.52 ± 0.1 vs 0.43 ± 0.1, P < .001 for the MPI). A stepwise linear regression analysis demonstrated that LVEF (β = .123, P = .026), E velocity (β = .221, P < .001), and the MPI (β = .392, P < .001) were independently associated with the RRI.

Conclusion

Left ventricular ejection fraction and intra‐cardiac Doppler blood flow indices, including E velocity and the MPI, were significantly and independently associated with the RRI in the general population.
Mitral valve tuberculoma: Role of sequential multimodality imaging of an unusual intracardiac mass
Authors: Rangaswamy Vickram Vignesh , Saggu Daljeet Kaur , Penmetcha Krishnamraju , Yalagudri Sachin , Calambur Narasimhan
Published: August 2020

We present an unusual intracardiac mass posing a diagnostic dilemma. A middle‐aged male patient was referred for workup of a symptomatic cardiac mass involving the mitral valve. Multimodality imaging consisting of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computerized tomography (18FDG‐PET) scan was utilized to further characterize the mass after initial echocardiographic identification. CMR imaging identified extent of valvular mass into the interatrial septum and basal portion of the interventricular septum. On 18FDG‐PET scan, the intracardiac mass was found to be metabolically active. It also revealed the presence of FDG avid lymph nodes in the abdomen. Histology of the lymph node revealed active granulomatous inflammation suggestive of tuberculosis. Treatment with antitubercular therapy resulted in resolution of the mass and mitral regurgitation, avoiding surgery.
ON ENDOGENOUS BUSINESS CYCLES UNDER INCREASING RETURNS TO VARIETY AND SECTOR‐SPECIFIC EXTERNALITY
Authors: Chang Juin‐Jen , Guo Jang‐Ting , Wang Wei‐Neng
Published: August 2020

We examine the theoretical as well as quantitative interrelations between endogenous business cycles, increasing returns to product variety and sector‐specific productive externalities within a two‐sector real business cycle model. In a calibrated version of our benchmark closed‐economy setting, the threshold level of investment externalities needed for equilibrium indeterminacy is found to be monotonically increasing in the degree of market competitiveness. We also study the model's local stability properties (i) when the parameters that govern the level of intermediate‐good producers' market power and the strength of variety effects are disentangled; and (ii) in the context of a small open economy. (JEL E30, E32, O41)
Erythrina variegata is a new host species to Colletotrichum siamense in Brazil
Authors: Guterres Debora Cervieri , Azevedo Daiana Maria Queiroz , Oliveira Willian Marlon , Furtado Gleiber Quintão
Published: August 2020

Spots have been observed on petioles and along the midrib and vein of leaves from saplings and shrubs of Erythrina variegata in a Brazilian municipality in the state of Minas Gerais. An acervular fungus resembling Colletotrichum spp. was consistently observed associated with these spots. The aim of this study was to identify the fungus associated with E. variegata employing morphological characteristics combined with sequences of the nuclear genes encoding CAL, GAPDH, ITS and ACT. The aetiological agent was identified as Colletotrichum siamense, a species from the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex. Furthermore, this is the first report of C. siamense causing leaf spot on E. variegata in Brazil or elsewhere.
Structural forecasting of species persistence under changing environments
Authors: Saavedra Serguei , Medeiros Lucas P. , AlAdwani Mohammad
Published: August 2020

The persistence of a species in a given place not only depends on its intrinsic capacity to consume and transform resources into offspring, but also on how changing environmental conditions affect its growth rate. However, the complexity of factors has typically taken us to choose between understanding and predicting the persistence of species. To tackle this limitation, we propose a probabilistic approach rooted on the statistical concepts of ensemble theory applied to statistical mechanics and on the mathematical concepts of structural stability applied to population dynamics models – what we call structural forecasting. We show how this new approach allows us to estimate a probability of persistence for single species in local communities; to understand and interpret this probability conditional on the information we have concerning a system; and to provide out‐of‐sample predictions of species persistence as good as the best experimental approaches without the need of extensive amounts of data.
The Orthodox Understanding of Marriage in the Ecumenical Context
Authors: Jovic Rastko
Published: August 2020

This article deals with interchurch and interreligious marriage as a challenge to Orthodox theology and its self‐conscience. The canons of the church came into being at a time when the church identified itself with history, and the Empire with the kingdom of God. Their purpose was to strengthen the historical construction of the church and the Empire. In such a context, the “other” was a threat to the historical existence of the church. Eschatology offers a different perspective, seeing the whole world as a church “in becoming.” Mixed marriages pose the following questions: How do we understand ourselves? How do we understand others? Our tradition has been challenged with new events and new realities, demanding bravery to solve them.
The Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church and Interreligious Dialogue
Authors: Tsompanidis Stylianos , Ziaka Angeliki
Published: August 2020

This article examines how, through a pan‐Orthodox synodical decision, the Orthodox Church has for the first time officially asserted its obligation to enter into dialogue with people of other cultures and religious beliefs and emphasized the value of serious and clear interreligious dialogue to promote mutual trust, peace, and reconciliation. The Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church of Crete clarified that interreligious dialogue excludes both syncretism and proselytism, and that interreligious dialogue needs to be accompanied by the condemnation of fundamentalism, nationalism, and the religious justification of violence. Finally, this article makes reference to the basic principles of the Orthodox tradition regarding the promotion of interreligious dialogue and emphasizes that dialogue entails respect for other religions but also discernment.
The Preparation and Organization of the Holy and Great Council
Authors: Archbishop Elpidophoros (Lambriniadis) of America
Published: August 2020

This paper, given at the 8th International Conference of Orthodox Theology, held in Thessaloniki, 21–25 May 2018, on the theme “The Holy and Great Synod of the Orthodox Church: Orthodox Theology in the 21st Century,” reviews the preparation, organization, and convocation of the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church in 2016 and makes suggestions for the next pan‐Orthodox synodal expression of the church.
Revisiting the use of hydroxyethyl starch solutions in equine fluid therapy
Authors: Hepworth‐Warren K. L.
Published: August 2020

The last decade has led to major shifts in opinions on the use of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions in fluid therapy, specifically in human patients with sepsis. The majority of evidence documenting adverse effects of HES solutions on coagulation and renal health come from studies in people. However, these findings have led to investigation into the safety of HES solutions in veterinary species. While there are now studies investigating the effects of HES solutions on coagulation and renal health in dogs, cats and horses, information regarding long‐term follow‐up, clinical significance of these changes and use of these solutions in critically ill animals is still lacking. The information presented here serves to review the physiology of oncotic pressure and the rationale behind colloid use, specifically HES solutions. Additionally, the foundation of arguments against the use of HES and the available literature regarding HES use in animals will be summarised.
The influence of mode mixity and adhesive system on the fatigue life of adhesive joints
Authors: Sousa Fernando Castro , Akhavan‐Safar Alireza , Goyal Rakesh , da Silva Lucas F. M.
Published: August 2020

In real applications, adhesive joints are commonly subjected to fatigue and mixed mode loading conditions. The aim of the current work is to experimentally analyse the influence of mode mixity on the fatigue strength of joints with an epoxy‐based adhesive. Different adhesive systems (acrylic and epoxies) were considered for pure mode I fatigue loading conditions. To achieve this, Arcan joints with an epoxy adhesive were manufactured and tested at different mode mixities. Based on stiffness degradation, monitored during the tests, damage evolution was calculated for different loading conditions and for all the tested adhesives. Finally, fatigue envelopes were constructed for different fatigue life regimes. Results show that a shear loading component reduces both the static strength and fatigue life of the joints. A small reduction rate of the stiffness was found throughout the most part of the life until a sudden drop was observed, indicating a smooth damage evolution.
Experimental investigation on creep‐fatigue behaviours of as‐received and service‐exposed turbine blades: Mechanism and life evaluation
Authors: Li Zhenlei , Shi Duoqi , Li Shaolin , Yang Xiaoguang , Li Nina
Published: August 2020

In the present study, both the as‐received and the 600‐h‐serviced turbine blades were tested under the creep‐fatigue loading. The results showed that the service‐exposed blades exhibited a longer creep‐fatigue life than the as‐received ones due to the refinement of grain size and the increasing of hardness during the service process. Micro structural characterization revealed that there was no directional coarsening or rafting of γ′ precipitate after 600 h of service. Moreover, the as‐received blades exhibited initial cyclic hardening followed by saturation and softening, whereas the 600‐h‐serviced blades only exhibited continuous softening until fracture. A conservative service life prediction approach was proposed considering the experienced mission profile. This service life estimation method provides a new way to assess the durability of turbine blade.
Chair‐stand exercise improves post‐stroke dysphagia
Authors: Yoshimura Yoshihiro , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Nagano Fumihiko , Bise Takahiro , Shimazu Sayuri , Shiraishi Ai
Published: August 2020

Aim

To elucidate the effects of whole‐body exercise on clinical outcomes, including dysphagia status, between stroke patients with dysphagia who are undergoing convalescent rehabilitation.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients with post‐stroke dysphagia in a rehabilitation hospital in Japan between 2016 and 2018. Dysphagia was defined as a Food Intake Level Scale (FILS) score <7. Participants were asked to perform a repeated chair‐stand exercise as a whole‐body exercise in addition to the convalescence rehabilitation program. Study outcomes included the FILS score and presence of dysphagia at discharge, the Functional Independence Measure‐motor (FIM‐motor) score and length of stay. Multivariate analyses were used to determine whether the frequency of daily chair‐stand exercise was independently associated with study outcomes, after adjusting for potential confounders; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Of the 637 patients admitted, 148 stroke patients with dysphagia (mean age 72.7 years; 48.6% men) were included in the final analysis dataset. The median daily frequency of repeated chair‐stand exercise was 36 (12–65). In multivariate analyses, the frequency of chair‐stand exercise was independently associated with the FILS score at discharge (β = 0.231, P = 0.015), the presence of dysphagia at discharge (odds ratio: 0.982, P = 0.035), FIM‐motor at discharge (β = 0.205, P = 0.008) and its gain (β = 0.237, P = 0.013), and length of hospital stay (β = −0.042, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Chair‐stand exercise is associated with preferable clinical outcomes, including dysphagia status, activities of daily living and length of hospital stay, in stroke patients with dysphagia. Post‐stroke dysphagia rehabilitation should include whole‐body exercises in addition to conventional rehabilitation programs. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 885–891.
β3 integrin immunohistochemistry as a method to predict sentinel lymph node status in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Quattrocchi Enrica , Sominidi‐Damodaran Sindhuja , Murphree Dennis H. , Meves Alexander
Published: August 2020

Background

Integrins are heterodimeric proteins composed of noncovalently linked ɑ and β subunits which are essential for a wide range of normal physiology and also play prominent roles in cancer. Here we tested whether integrin expression in diagnostic skin biopsies is associated with sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis.

Methods

We utilized a cohort of 854 consecutive patients with primary cutaneous melanoma to quantify the expression of β integrin subunits by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR). In addition, we quantified the expression of β3 integrin by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a subset of 271 patients by H score. Outcome of interest was SLN biopsy metastasis within 90 days of melanoma diagnosis. Logistic regression analyses were used to develop models for the likelihood of SLN metastasis from molecular, clinical, and histologic variables.

Results

β3 integrin expression quantified by IHC or RT‐qPCR was associated with SLN metastasis. β1, β5, β6, and β8 integrin expression was not associated with SLN metastasis. The incremental gain in performance of a predictive model which included β3 integrin expression as quantified by IHC in combination with established clinicopathologic variables (Breslow depth and patient age) was limited.

Conclusions

β3 integrin is the principal integrin subunit associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNb) metastasis in primary cutaneous melanoma. However, β3 integrin H score does not significantly improve models for the likelihood of SLN metastasis over Breslow depth and patient age.