bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of postexercise fasting on hunger and satiety in adults
Authors: Hamilton Courteney C. , Wiseman Steve B. , Copeland Jennifer L. , Bomhof Marc R.
Published: April 2020

Research demonstrates that exercise acutely reduces appetite by stimulating the secretion of gut-derived satiety hormones. Currently there is a paucity of research examining the impact of postexercise nutrient intake on appetite regulation. The objective of this study was to examine how postexercise fasting versus feeding impacts the postexercise appetite response. In a randomized crossover intervention, 14 participants (body mass index: 26.9 ± 3.5 kg·m−2; age: 26.8 ± 6.7 years) received 1 of 2 recovery beverages: (i) water control (FAST) or (ii) sweetened-milk (FED) after completing a 45-min (65%–70% peak oxygen uptake) evening exercise session (∼1900 h). Energy intake was assessed through a fasted ad libitum breakfast meal and 3-day food diaries. Perceived appetite was assessed using visual analogue scales. Appetite-regulating hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), and acyl-ghrelin were assessed pre-exercise, 1 h after exercise, and the morning following exercise. FAST increased subjective hunger compared with FED (P < 0.05). PYY and GLP-1 after exercise were decreased and acyl-ghrelin was increased in FAST, with these differences disappearing the day after exercise (P < 0.05). Ad libitum energy intake at breakfast the following morning did not differ between trials. Overall, in the absence of postexercise macronutrient consumption, there was a pronounced increase in objective and subjective appetite after exercise. The orexigenic effects of postexercise fasting, however, were not observed the morning following exercise.

Novelty Postexercise fasting leads to reduced GLP-1 and PYY and increased hunger. Reduced GLP-1 and PYY after exercise is blunted by postexercise nutrient intake. Energy intake the day after exercise is not influenced by postexercise fasting.
A Divide-and-Conquer–based Early Classification Approach for Multivariate Time Series with Different Sampling Rate Components in IoT
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Gupta Hari Prabhat , Biswas Bhaskar , Dutta Tanima
Published: April 2020

In the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), the sensor-based devices produce the Multivariate Time Series (MTS). A classification approach helps to predict the class label of an incoming MTS. Due to the large dimension and different sampling rate of the sensors in a given MTS, a classifier takes time to predict the class label. Some IoT applications may require early prediction of the class label where the classifier starts the prediction once the minimum number of data points are collected. In this article, we address the problem of early prediction of the class label of an MTS in IoT. This work considers the sensors with different sampling rate to generate the MTS. Each sensor generates a time series (component) of the MTS. We propose a Divide-and-Conquer–based early classification approach for classifying such MTS. The approach constructs an ensemble classifier using a probabilistic classifier and hierarchical clustering. The ensemble classifier employs a Divide-and-Conquer method to handle the different sampling rate components during the prediction of class label. The experimental results show that our approach significantly outperforms the existing approaches on real-world datasets using various evaluation metrics.
Specific Features of the Ukrainian Urban Adolescents’ Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yelizarova Olena , Stankevych Tetyana , Parats Alla , Antomonov Michael , Polka Nadiya , Hozak Svitlana
Published: April 2020

Background. An increase in the proportion of physically active peoples is one of the public health priorities. Particular attention should be addressed to the adolescent group with regard to their sensitivity. The purpose of our study is to determine the overall level of physical activity (PA) of urban adolescents and to evaluate its components. Methods. The study included the results of a survey of 415 children aged 11–15 years from public schools in Ukraine. We have adapted the standardized questionnaire QAPACE, which allows characterizing the level of adolescent’s PA by indicators: type, duration, and intensity. Results. A sedentary lifestyle is typical for most Ukrainian urban adolescents. Only 30.8% of Ukrainian urban adolescents (45.4% of boys and 21.4% of girls; p<0.001) meet the recommended level of moderate-to-vigorous PA (at least 60 minutes per day). The chances to follow the recommended moderate-to-vigorous PA are almost 5 times higher in the group of adolescents exercising at their own wish and not by parents’ direction (OR = 4.96; 95% CI: 2.77–8.90; p<0.001). Girls have a 3.0 higher chance of not adhering to recommendations for duration of PA (OR = 3.01; 95% CI: 1.95–4.63). They are 2.5 times more likely to lead a sedentary lifestyle (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.54–3.98) than boys. Conclusion. The obtained results are indicative of a lack of implementation of measures to increase physical activity, which requires public attention to this problem. A search for ways to improve public policy towards optimizing adolescents’ PA is still an urgent goal for scholars and practitioners. PA-promoting measures should be developed taking into account the impact of family traditions, accessibility of sports facilities, leisure, advertising, and other factors. The obtained results are the initial stage for developing the program of physical inactivity prevention.
A Quantitative Comparison of Multiple Population Mortality Model on Some East Asian Countries and Regions
Authors: Zhao Ming , Wang Xiaojun , Liu Yu , Shen Jiali
Published: April 2020

This paper reviews the progress of the multiple population mortality model and the defects in parameter estimation and proposes an effective method to improve the performance of the mortality model. We set up a multiple population group, using the data of mainland China, Hong Kong (China), and Japan, to test fitting performance and forecasting performance. Using the TSWLS and TSSVD methods in a multiple population stochastic mortality model has advantages in fitting performance and robustness. In addition, the forecasting value of mortality ratio between any two populations can converge to a fixed constant in a certain time period which obeys the regular of human biological characteristics.
Pickling Behaviour of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Hot‐Rolled Strips in Sulfuric Acid Electrolytes
Authors: Peng Jianguo , Li Moucheng
Published: April 2020

Pickling behaviour of the oxide layer on hot‐rolled 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) was studied in H2SO4 solutions with electrolytic workstation. The pickling rate at 75°C increases slightly with the H2SO4 concentration from 100 to 250 g L−1 but increases markedly as the concentration is higher than 250 g L−1. The solution temperature greatly accelerates the pickling rate. Fe3+ ion is an effective oxidant, which shows stronger inhibitive effect. The rotating disk electrode was used to simulate the moving state of steel strips in practice. The movement with the speed from 0 to 20 m min−1 results in weak acceleration effect on the pickling process. Under dynamic conditions, the pickling rate increases noticeably with changing the pulse current density from 0 to 0.2 A cm−2. The industrial pickling efficiency of 2205 DSS hot‐rolled strips increases from 5–8 m/min to 15–18 m/min. The surface quality is improved.
Identification and Analysis of Components in Yizhi Granule and Cynomolgus Monkey Plasma after Oral Administration by UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF MS and Their Protective Effects on PC12 Cells
Authors: Hao Erwei , Qin Jianfeng , Wei Wei , Miao Jianhua , Xie Yan , Pan Xianglong , Wu Hangxuan , Xie Jinling , Fan Xiaosu , Du Zhengcai , Hou Xiaotao , Deng Jiagang
Published: April 2020

Yizhi Granule (YZG) is a health food containing six traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). It improves memory barriers in rat experiments. Here, we describe the first fast and sensitive ultraperformance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF MS) method for analyzing YZG in plasma. We used this technique for studies in cynomolgus monkey plasma. By comparing retention time, MS, and MS/MS data of reference compounds, 70 compounds were detected in YZG. Of these, 63 were identified including 60 saponins, 2 flavones, and 1 methyl ester. There were 33 saponins, 1 flavone, and 1 methyl ester in the plasma. Next, to study the therapeutic properties of YZG, the neuroprotective effect of some of the absorbed components was evaluated using PC12 cell damage caused by the Aβ25–35model. The results showed that 9 compounds protect PC12 cells from Aβ25–35with cell viability (%) of 111.00 ± 8.12 (G-Rb1), 102.20 ± 4.22 (G-Rb2), 100.34 ± 6.47 (G-Rd), 102.83 ± 2.10 (G-Re), 101.68 ± 7.64 (NG-Fa), 101.19 ± 7.83 (NG-R1), 102.53 ± 0.55 (NG-R2), 106.88 ± 4.95 (gypenoside A), and 103.95 ± 4.11 (gypenoside XLIX), respectively, versus the control group (87.51 ± 6.59). These results can reveal the real pharmacodynamic basis of YZG and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent studies. It can also provide some references for the research of Alzheimer’s disease.
Design and Performance Analysis of a TLET‐Type Flexure Hinge
Authors: Chau Ngoc Le , Tran Ngoc Thoai , Dao Thanh-Phong
Published: April 2020

In order to permit a large deflection, three lamina emergent torsional flexure hinges are reconfigured to create a new triple LET‐type flexure hinge (TLET) in this paper. The TLET consists of flexure hinges in a series coupled with others in parallel configuration. This arrangement is aimed to enhance the displacement of the joint. The proposed joint is capable of generating a large displacement and a large capacity of load within safety working conditions. The closed‐form models are derived to calculate the equivalent spring constant, rotation angle, and displacement of the proposed joint. Failure analysis of the TLET joint with different materials is conducted by finite element analysis. The closed‐form models are validated by simulations and experimentations. The validated results are well coincided each other. The result found that the joint achieves a maximum large displacement of 16.97 mm in the x‐axis with respect to a maximum load of 20 N. When the joint slides a maximum displacement of 16.97 mm along the x‐axis, the output displacement emerges out the z‐axis up to 23.12 mm, respectively. The joint can achieve an angle displacement of 38.92°. The displacement of the TLET joint is 2.4 times greater than that of the traditional LET joint. The proposed joint is considered for engineering applications where a large working stroke and a large capacity of load are expected.
A Case Report of Monkeypox in a 4-Year-Old Boy from the DR Congo: Challenges of Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Eltvedt Anna Korsgaard , Christiansen Michael , Poulsen Anja
Published: April 2020

Monkeypox (MP) is a rare zoonotic disease that most commonly transmits from bush animals to humans in the Congo Basin of Africa. However, an increase in cases of MP has been observed over the past decades with frequent outbreaks as well as export of the disease out of the African continent. MP belongs to the same genus of viruses as smallpox, the Orthopoxvirus, and vaccination against smallpox gives some protection against MP. With the eradication of smallpox in 1980, vaccination against smallpox has ceased. The resulting decrease of immunity against Orthopoxvirus is thought to be related to the increase in MP cases. Furthermore, closer contact between humans and bush animals could play a role along with the ongoing difficulties of controlling HIV in the same geographical area. MP remains a diagnostic challenge. Lack of knowledge about the disease among health personnel plays an important role, as well as access to diagnostic tools is limited. Treatment of MP is for now symptomatic. We report the case of a 4-year-old boy from the DR Congo with the clinical diagnosis of MP. This case illustrates some of the abovementioned challenges related to the management of MP in the field.
Abstract 10: Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Medicare Beneficiaries Had Worse One Year Clinical Outcomes But Lower Total Annual Costs of Care
Authors: Hammond J Gmerice , Johnston Kenon , Joynt Maddox Karen E
Published: April 2020

Background:
Recent data suggest that cost prediction models in the private insurance setting may systematically underpredict costs in high-risk subgroups due to uneven access to health care. This may lead to disparities in allocation of preventive services and other interventions. However, whether these patterns persist in an older population with higher rates of comorbidity and chronic disease is uncertain.

Objective:
We set out to determine whether socially disadvantaged Medicare beneficiaries had disproportionately low costs compared to their clinical outcomes, which might serve as a marker for inadequate access to care.

Methods:
We calculated one year all cause and CV hospitalization, death, and total costs for Current Medicare Beneficiary Survey participants from 2016-2017 (N=3,614). We used logistic and linear regression, as appropriate, to examine the relationship between key social determinants of health and clinical outcomes, as well as annual costs of care.

Results:
For age and clinical risk, there was directional agreement between adverse events and annual cost. For example, those in the highest tertile of comorbidity index had the highest rates of adverse outcomes as well as higher costs compared to those in mid and low tertiles (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) for all-cause and cardiovascular hospitalization =3.29 and 4.37 respectively, OR for death=3.35; cost differential $8641, p<0.001 for all). However among the poor, minorities, and those with low education, adverse clinical outcomes were inversely related to cost. After multivariable adjustment, blacks/Hispanics had higher rates of CV hospitalization (IRR 1.78, p=0.012), but similar annual costs ($-336, p=0.77) compared to whites. This pattern of similar annual costs, despite higher rates of adverse outcomes, was also observed for those whose income was <25,000/year, those who had less than a college education, and those reporting living at an income poverty ratio of <100% (difference in costs $-373, $-712, & $-638, respectively, p>0.05).

Conclusions:
A paradoxical relationship was observed between adverse outcomes and cost among racial/ethnic minorities, and those from low socioeconomic groups. Because of systematic differences in access to care, cost may not be an appropriate surrogate for predicting clinical risk among the poor or other vulnerable populations, and algorithms that are based on cost alone may lead to inadequate risk prediction.
Geographical distribution of Dyckia walteriana (Bromeliaceae), a recently described and endangered species endemic to the Serra Geral formation, southern Brazil

Authors: MUSEGANTE JOÃO VITOR DA R. , RIBEIRO JOSÉ EDUARDO L. DA S. , FERRAZ JOSÉ ROBERTO , OLIVEIRA PAOLLA ODY DE , BIANCHINI EDMILSON , MEDRI CRISTIANO
Published: April 2020

Dyckia walteriana is a recently described rupicolous bromeliad, whose only officially known population is located on a basaltic outcrop in the Serra Geral formation, north of Paraná state, Brazil. Unfortunately, the population of the type locality was dramatically reduced in 2018 by an intentional fire. The main objectives of this work were to know the geographical distribution of D. walteriana, seeking the registration of new populations, and, through a rapid assessment, establish the risk of extinction of each one. We selected 40 sites with rocky outcrops located between the third and second plateaus of Paraná state, Brazil, within the Serra Geral formation. Twelve populations of D. walteriana were found occupying “islands” of basaltic rocks. The extent of occurrence of the species corresponds to a polygon of 533 km2, with an occupancy area of 0.71 km2. Of the 12 populations, only four presented no or low risk of extinction, while eight presented medium to extreme risk of extinction in the next 10 years. D. walteriana falls into the category “critically endangered”, demanding urgent measures for the conservation of relictual populations.
Description of a new species resembling Paratrichius circularis Ma, 1990 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China
Authors: MÜCKSTEIN PETR , XU HAO , QIU JIAN-YUE
Published: April 2020

Supplementary description and new distributional records are presented for the rare Chinese species Paratrichius circularis Ma, 1990, and a resembling species, Paratrichius tesari Mückstein, Xu & Qiu, new species, is described from Guizhou, China. Habitus, diagnostic characters and ecological notes are illustrated for both species.
A case report with a literature review: cerebral meningioma diagnosed by convulsion and consciousness disorder on initiating hemodialysis
Authors: Uwatoko Miki , Tokunaga Koki , Kawano Mako , Kamimura Masahisa , Ibi Yutaro , Otsuka Masayuki , Minami Masato , Yoshimine Haruhito , Hamada Fujio , Ido Akio
Published: April 2020

Background

Neurological symptoms sometimes occur in hemodialysis patients, with causes including cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhaging, meningitis, and encephalitis. Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is widely known as a complication of hemodialysis and is typically encountered in severe uremic patients newly started on hemodialysis. The pathogenesis of DDS is thought to be brain edema that manifests as neurological symptoms, including headache, nausea, confusion, seizures, and coma. However, the relationship between brain tumors and neurological manifestations during hemodialysis is poorly understood.

Case presentation

The patient was a 55-year-old man with severe renal dysfunction and uremia symptoms. Blood chemistry showed severe azotemia and acidosis. The patient was placed on short-duration hemodialysis (2 h) with a relatively small surface area, low blood flow (100 mL/min), and intradialytic glycerol infusion to prevent DDS. However, after his first hemodialysis treatment, he complained of disturbed consciousness. We diagnosed his neurological condition as DDS and observed the progress carefully. The next morning, his symptoms had completely resolved, so the patient was started on his second hemodialysis session with the same conditions. However, 2 h after starting the second hemodialysis session, he suffered convulsions accompanied by impaired consciousness. Brain computed tomography (CT) revealed a convexity meningioma and cerebral edema with a midline shift. Before starting the hemodialysis, he had shown no history of seizures, morning headache, or other neurological symptoms. In this case, meningioma was diagnosed based on an increase in the intracranial pressure which occurred after the initiation of hemodialysis.

Conclusion

We report this suggestive case to prompt physicians to consider the potential effect of hemodialysis introduction on the brain pressure.
Prediction of the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) 3C-like protease (3CLpro) structure: virtual screening reveals velpatasvir, ledipasvir, and other drug repurposing candidates
Authors: Chen Yu Wai , Yiu Chin-Pang Bennu , Wong Kwok-Yin
Published: April 2020

We prepared the three-dimensional model of the SARS-CoV-2 (aka 2019-nCoV) 3C-like protease (3CLpro) using the crystal structure of the highly similar (96% identity) ortholog from the SARS-CoV. All residues involved in the catalysis, substrate binding and dimerisation are 100% conserved. Comparison of the polyprotein PP1AB sequences showed 86% identity. The 3C-like cleavage sites on the coronaviral polyproteins are highly conserved. Based on the near-identical substrate specificities and high sequence identities, we are of the opinion that some of the previous progress of specific inhibitors development for the SARS-CoV enzyme can be conferred on its SARS-CoV-2 counterpart.  With the 3CLpro molecular model, we performed virtual screening for purchasable drugs and proposed 16 candidates for consideration. Among these, the antivirals ledipasvir or velpatasvir are particularly attractive as therapeutics to combat the new coronavirus with minimal side effects, commonly fatigue and headache.  The drugs Epclusa (velpatasvir/sofosbuvir) and Harvoni (ledipasvir/sofosbuvir) could be very effective owing to their dual inhibitory actions on two viral enzymes.
Effect of public-private interface agency in Patna and Mumbai, India: Does it alter durations and delays in care seeking for drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis?
Authors: Shah Sanchi , Shah Shimoni , Rangan Sheela , Rai Sonukumar , Lobo Eunice , Kamble Swaran , Dholakia Yatin , Mistry Nerges
Published: April 2020

Background: Public–private interface agency (PPIA) intervention models in Patna (E. India) and Mumbai (W. India) for pulmonary drug-sensitive (DS) tuberculosis (TB) patients were evaluated over 2 years after maturity to examine effect on reduction of patient pathways and retention.  The models engaged private providers, diagnostic facilities and pharmacies into an effective network providing free diagnostic tests and treatment.

Methods: A population-based retrospective study was undertaken to assess effectiveness of the PPIA model in care pathways of 64 (Patna) and 86 (Mumbai) patients through in-depth interviews conducted within 6 months of initiation treatments to identify types and facilities accessed, duration to diagnosis and treatment. Median durations based on facilities accessed were statistically analysed.  Comparisons were made with baseline values and endline pathways of patients accessing PPIA engaged/non-engaged facilities in private and public sectors.

Results: Compared to non-engaged facilities, persons accessing engaged facilities at first point-of-care had shorter pathways (Mumbai: 32 vs 43 days), (Patna: 15 vs 40 days).  Duration for first care-seeking was considerably shorter for patients accessing PPIA in Patna and for both engaged and non-engaged private facilities in Mumbai (4 days).  Whilst PPIA engaged facilities diagnosed more cases than others, the RNTCP in Mumbai provided diagnosis early.  There was good retention of patients by PPIA-engaged (1st) facilities (90% post-diagnosis in Patna) but this was affected by the hub-spoke referral system in Mumbai (13%). Second diagnosis is a common feature in Mumbai.  The spoke-hub model in Mumbai contributed considerably to treatment delay; PPIA-engaged providers were better at retaining patients post treatment initiation 11/25 (44%).

Conclusion: PPIA-engaged facilities, accessed at onset, result in marked reduction in pathway durations.  Such initiatives should engage a critical mass of competent providers, proximal investigation facilities with enhanced disease awareness and literacy efforts amongst communities.  Patient movement should be minimized for early treatment and retention.
ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO DE FRASES NO CICLO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO
Authors: Arcenio Cláudia Rodrigues
Published: April 2020

Este artigo visa relatar uma experiência que buscou analisar as tradicionais propostas de produção de frases no ciclo de alfabetização, procurando gerir alternativas à luz de duas vertentes para a prática educativa. Uma das vertentes refere-se à gramática internalizada que cada falante possui de sua língua materna e a outra se relaciona com a proposta do letramento de forma a facilitar aprendizagens quanto à apropriação da leitura e da escrita. A partir das discussões sobre a prática pedagógica ambientadas no contexto do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC) em meio às formações presenciais realizadas no município de Nova Iguaçu, Baixada Fluminense do Rio de Janeiro, buscamos analisar e gerir alternativas quanto às propostas de atividades de construção de frases durante o ciclo de alfabetização. Para tanto, analisamos as atividades realizadas por alunos de quatro escolas do município evidenciando as incoerências teórico-metodológicas presentes tanto na proposição das atividades quanto na avaliação das frases produzidas pelos educandos.
A sexualidade invisível e a escrita do gozo proibido
Authors: Rosa Aline De Oliveira
Published: April 2020

“Quando se deixará de confundir o sexo da mulher com o seio da mãe, de pretender que aquele não tem valor senão porque recolhe a herança deste?” A psicanalista e filósofa belga Luce Irigaray, em seu livro Speculum de l’autrefemme(1974), formula assim uma das questões de fundo do feminismo: onde está a sexualidade feminina?Na tradição filosófica e psicanalítica a mulher é a falta, o irascível, o útero vazio, a caverna, o hospedeiro discursivo neutro para a sustentação do termo Maior, o homem. Já o sujeito do masculino é a luz, o logos, a razão. Isso significa dizer que não existe o Outro, o sujeito do feminino ou qualquer outra categoria de gênero que fuja à lógica falocêntrica. Segundo essa lógica, a mulher não existe, sua sexualidade é negada, é ela o não-discurso. Com este artigo proponho uma reflexão sobre a sexualidade feminina, atrelada a teoria queer, resgatando o feminino da neutralidade trazendo-o como sujeito do discurso. Pretendo abordar o gozo feminino como um grito rebelde que rompe com a estrutura da própria língua, produzindo novos discursos, novas simbolizações dos lábios, construindo uma performatividade do discurso.
ASSOCIATIVISMO E PARTICIPAÇÃO POLÍTICA: UMA ANÁLISE DAS ASSOCIAÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS RURAIS DE FEIRA DE SANTANA, BAHIA
Authors: Martins Martinez Santos
Published: April 2020

Tendo em vista a importância das Organizações da Sociedade Civil (OSC) para a manutenção e aperfeiçoamento da democracia participativa, este trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar a relação entre associativismo e participação política nas associações comunitárias rurais de Feira de Santana. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de questionário aplicado aos membros das entidades selecionadas de acordo com os seguintes critérios: estejam em concordância com o Novo Marco Regulatório das Organizações da Sociedade Civil (Lei nº 13.019/14), possuam atividade de produção coletiva, sede própria e estejam em plena atividade. Os dados por hora examinados, conclui que de modo geral, os eleitores feirenses que participam de associação comunitária rural possuem relativamente alto nível de sofisticação política. Evidencia dessa forma, que o alto nível de conhecimento, interesse e envolvimento na política são características marcantes da cultura política das associações, contribuindo assim, para um comportamento de maior participação nas questões públicas. Se por um lado os dados apresentam pouca confiança nas instituições políticas, por outro, apresentam níveis relevantes de confiança interpessoal, em especial comos próprios membros da associação que fazem parte. O que explica a disposição no fortalecimento de uma cultura política com valores relevantes para o associativismo, portanto, uma preocupação com as diversas questões coletivas.
High concentration factor diffractive microlenses integrated with CMOS single-photon avalanche diode detector arrays for fill-factor improvement
Authors: Connolly Peter W. R. , Ren Ximing , McCarthy Aongus , Mai Hanning , Villa Federica , Waddie Andrew J. , Taghizadeh Mohammad R. , Tosi Alberto , Zappa Franco , Henderson Robert K. , Buller Gerald S.
Published: April 2020

Large-format single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays often suffer from low fill-factors—the ratio of the active area to the overall pixel area. The detection efficiency of these detector arrays can be vastly increased with the integration of microlens arrays designed to concentrate incident light onto the active areas and may be refractive or diffractive in nature. The ability of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) to efficiently cover a square or rectangular pixel, combined with their capability of working as fast lenses (i.e., 

∼

f

/

3

) makes them versatile and practical lens designs for use in sparse photon applications using microscale, large-format detector arrays. Binary-mask-based photolithography was employed to fabricate fast diffractive microlenses for two designs of

32
×
32

SPAD detector arrays, each design having a different pixel pitch and fill-factor. A spectral characterization of the lenses is performed, as well as analysis of performance under different illumination conditions from wide- to narrow-angle illumination (i.e., 

f

/

2

to

f

/

22

optics). The performance of the microlenses presented exceeds previous designs in terms of both concentration factor (i.e., increase in light collection capability) and lens speed. Concentration factors greater than

33
×

are achieved for focal lengths in the substrate material as short as

190

µ

m

, representing a microlens f-number of 3.8 and providing a focal spot diameter of

<

4

µ

m

. These results were achieved while retaining an extremely high degree of performance uniformity across the 1024 devices in each case, which demonstrates the significant benefits to be gained by the implementation of DOEs as part of an integrated detector system using SPAD arrays with very small active areas.
Surface roughness mapping of large area curved aerospace components
through spectral correlation of speckle images
Authors: Haridas Aswin , Prabhathan P. , Pulkit K. , Chan Kelvin , Murukeshan V. M.
Published: April 2020

Measurement of surface roughness over a large area is a very
challenging task due to the limitations with the existing techniques.
Surface roughness measurement techniques including stylus and
microscopy are limited by point-by-point data acquisition and a
small field of view (FOV). In effect, any solution that would subdue
these limitations would be characterized by its full-field nature,
large FOV, and the ability to acquire and process data at high speeds.
To meet these requirements, large area speckle imaging has been used
to obtain areal surface roughness parameters through the processing of
spectrally correlated speckle images. An automated optical system is
developed for surface roughness evaluation of components with large
and curved surface areas. In order to extract areal surface roughness
parameters from the captured set of images, processing algorithms are
developed. The methodology is first validated using a comparator plate
containing areas having an average surface roughness (Ra) ranging between 0.2 µm and 0.6 µm. Further,
statistical significance tests are conducted to determine the main
factors affecting system performance. The measurement results are
compared and validated using a 3D optical microscope. The results
obtained from the blind tests performed on aerospace component
surfaces as large as

450

mm
×

210

mm

are also presented.
Revolutionary Egypt in the Eyes of the Muslim Brotherhood: A Framing Analysis of Ikhwanweb, Mohammed el-Nawawy and Mohamad Hamas Elmasry (2018)
Authors: Al-Zo’by Mazhar
Published: April 2020

Revolutionary Egypt in the Eyes of the Muslim Brotherhood: A Framing Analysis of Ikhwanweb, Mohammed el-Nawawy and Mohamad Hamas Elmasry (2018)

Lanham, Boulder, New York and London: Rowman & Littlefield, 177 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-53810-072-1, h/bk, $75.00
In kleinen Schritten zu mehr Wettbewerb auf dem Krankenkassenmarkt
Authors: Greer Katja , Wambach Achim
Published: April 2020

Am 13. März 2020 billigte der Bundesrat das vom Kabinett zuvor beschlossene Gesetz zur zielgenaueren Ausgestaltung des Wettbewerbs im gesetzlichen Krankenversicherungsmarkt. Katja Greer und Achim Wambach erörtern die Bausteine des „Gesetzes für einen fairen Kassenwettbewerb“. Dabei gehen sie der Frage nach, inwiefern die geplanten Maßnahmen zu einem wirksamen Wettbewerb im Krankenkassenmarkt beitragen. Es wird deutlich, dass die angestrebten Änderungen den Wettbewerb zum Teil stärken könnten. Für eine umfassende Grundlage eines wirksamen Wettbewerbs in der GKV bedarf es jedoch weiterer Reformen.
Democratic Centralisms—Plural? A Comparative Analysis of Functional Communism in the French and Italian Communist Party Federations of Var and Gorizia, 1956
Authors: Haig Fiona
Published: April 2020

Democratic centralism was the Leninist-Bolshevik pyramidal model of internal organization in operation in all communist parties for most of the 20th century. Thus far, the question of whether it functioned consistently across the non-ruling parties has not been addressed explicitly or systematically. This article examines the implementation of this essential internal dynamic in a French and an Italian communist party federation in the early postwar period. Drawing on new personal testimonies from more than 50 informants, and inedita archival evidence, this analysis reveals not only similarities but also clear functional disparities between the two cases.
Особливості дискурсу політичної пропаганди в умовах інформаційно-психологічної війни
Authors: Вітюк Надія
Published: April 2020

У статті аналізуються психологічні особливості конструювання й сприймання дискурсу пропагандистських повідомлень в умовах інформаційно-психологічної війни. Політична пропаганда розглядається як комплекс заходів з організації й реалізації психологічного впливу на масову політичну свідомість та політичну активність. З’ясовано умови, за яких вплив пропаганди стає найбільш ефективним. Обґрунтовується актуальність розвитку медіаграмотності та політичної свідомості членів суспільства.
Development of effective compositions of concrete for the construction of slabs of the roadway of steel concrete span structures
Authors: Bondarev Boris , Kopalin Dmitry , Bondarev Alexander , Erofeva Irina , Al-Dulaimi Salman Dawood Salman
Published: April 2020

Structural concrete spans of various systems and structures with modular and monolithic roadways were used in the construction of bridges. The article presents the results of a survey of such bridge structures at 3 sites: across the Suju River (Grozny), across the Vologda River (Vologodsk), across the Tsna River in the town of Shatsk, Ryazan Region. Defects and damage to the plates of the carriageway are given. It was found that the most dangerous factors affecting the early failure of the roadway steel-reinforced concrete structures, is used to combat glaze and ice sleet aggressive in relation to reinforced concrete sand-salt mixtures. In addition, the lack of durability of structures due to other factors: vulnerability to carbonization processes; lack of reliability of the mounting joints and connections, the heterogeneity of the plate on the transverse and longitudinal bending. An algorithm for determining the parameters of the safe operation of the elements of bridge structures has been compiled; on the basis of the results of the study, the need to solve two urgent problems has been identified: urgent repairs; development and implementation of new solutions for construction and repair.

It is shown that in world practice various types of concretes are developed: powder-activated, frame, etc. as well as protective materials – fine polymer concretes. Provides data on the cyclic strength of these materials, as well as the technology of their installation. In the study of the degree of influence of factors of temperature and humidity of the environment on the amount of short-term creep of polymer concrete, the method of experiment planning with the construction of an orthogonal composition plan was used and a methodical model was obtained relating these values. The main stages of the device of the polymer concrete slab instead of the collapsed one are given. The prospects of polymer-concrete coatings produced by frame technology, consisting in the first stage of gluing the aggregate grains with each other in the form of a future product, and the second, filling the voids of the porous frame with a highly mobile polymer composition is shown.
Calculated research of aeroelastic stability of a bridge over the river Ob in Salekhard at the stage of assembling and operation
Authors: Shustikova Anastasiya , Kozichev Andrei , Paryshev Sergei , Strelkov Konstantin
Published: April 2020

Recently, long span bridge construction has been demanded for development of the regions of the Russian Federation. In terms of economy, it’s useful to build a combined road-railway bridge. Such bridges, generally, constitute a metal cross-cutting girder with carriageways on lower, upper or both zones of the girder. The major advantages of combined bridges are high strength and load capacity, plus cross-cutting to wind load. Focus of this research is a combined road-railway bridge over the Ob river at the stage of assembling and operation.

The purpose of the study was to determine the limits of aeroelastic stability of combined road-railway bridge at the stage of assembling and operation using numerical simulation.

To better understand the bridges behaviour in air flow, flow around a section model has been researched with CFD simulation in the ANSYS FLUENT. Then based on the given results of the calculations the dependence of the bridge vibrations on wind speed within a specified range is obtained, and also values of drag coefficient Сх, lift coefficient Су and torque coefficient Мz are received. These studies were carried out in the range of angles of attack α = ±3°. The possibility of divergence and galloping was also estimated.

The results of the study made it possible to estimate the influence of air flow on combined bridge cross-cutting girder. Overall, the conducted research seems promising for further investigation and development in the field of bridge aeroelasticity.
Assessment of residual fatigue life of metal beam of reinforced concrete superstructures of road bridges
Authors: Feoktistova Elena
Published: April 2020

The article proposes a method of evaluation of residual fatigue life of metal beam of reinforced concrete superstructures of road bridges. In the calculations of residual fatigue life were implemented statistical data of endurance characteristics of steel structures that mostly fully corresponds to the given junctions by design, material, production technology and force impact.

Fatigue life is determined based on the hypothesis of linear addition of fatigue damage accumulation. The critical damage amount providing the target reliability considered equal to one.

Residual fatigue life of metal beams is calculated based on endurance characteristics of different groups of welded joints.For the life period assessment the motor transport load including prospective is reduced to the estimated. The reduction factor is defined based on the stress level, asymmetry factor of stress cycle and steel grade according to the conditions of equality of fatigue damage accumulation. The method allows determining of the remaining fatigue life of welded metal beams according to the transport load. Service limit and usage mode are predicted based on the structural calculations taking into account defects and damages using actual size and considering manufacturing, constructing and operational defects. Moreover, changes of strength and fatigue characteristics should be taken into account.

The method of evaluation of residual fatigue life of metal beam of reinforced concrete superstructures of road bridges proposed by the auther requires clarification of te current and future load impact. The fatigue life mostly depends on the performance of superstructures maintanance and repair works.
Modified epoxy composites with the use of local aggregate for transportation structures
Authors: Erofeeva Alla
Published: April 2020

Increasing attention is paid to the problem of increasing the durability of building materials and products used for the manufacture of transport structures. In this regard, the creation of building materials and products that improve their performance, increase efficiency, reduce material consumption, cost and labor intensity of production is a major task in the field of construction materials science. One of the ways to increase the durability of buildings and structures is the use of composite materials on a polymer binder.

The article presents the results of research in the development of effective compositions of frame polymer composites based on epoxy binders modified with urea resins and amidopolyamines using local fillers for anti-corrosion protection of building structures.

Presents the study of physico-chemical processes occurring in epoxy composites modified urea resin and amidopolyamine by the method of IR-spectroscopy. The dependence of changes in the properties of epoxy composites with the introduction of modifying additives was revealed. It was found that in epoxy polymer concrete urea resin serves as a plasticizer, and amidopolyamines are flexibilizers.

Physical and mechanical properties of frames and frame composites on local organic and inorganic fillers are investigated.

The behavior of materials under the influence of chemical and biological aggressive media has been studied, on the basis of which compositions are proposed that can ensure long-term and reliable operation of structures and structures in aggressive chemical and biological environments.

The practical implementation of the developed compositions in the manufacture of protective coatings for building structures.
VALIDAÇÃO DE PROTOCOLO ELETRÔNICO MULTIPROFISSIONAL PARA CIRURGIA DO APARELHO DIGESTIVO
Authors: Malafaia Osvaldo , KALIL-FILHO Faruk Abrão , PINTO José Simão P , BORSATO Emerson P , KURETSKY Carlos , Ariede Bruno
Published: April 2020

Racional: A criação de um banco de dados clínicos informatizado com a capacidade de coletar informações dos pacientes de forma prospectiva e com possibilidade de resgate e cruzamento viabiliza estudos científicos de maior qualidade e credibilidade em menor tempo. Objetivos: Validar em único protocolo mestre os dados clínicos referentes à Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo de forma multiprofissional incorporando-o na plataforma SINPEâ, e verificar a incidência das doenças digestivas com base nas coletas prospectivamente realizadas. Método: Organizar no software em estrutura padronizada todos os itens pré-existentes no banco de dados do SINPEâ, informatizou-se a base teórica através do módulo MIGRASINPE© criando-se um único protocolo mestre multiprofissional para uso como um todo. Resultados: Foram criados e/ou adaptados os protocolos específicos existentes - que correspondem às doenças mais prevalentes que assolam este aparelho – unificando-os. Criou-se a possibilidade de uso multiprofissional integrando todos os dados coletados da Medicina, Enfermagem, Fisioterapia, Nutrição e Gestão em Saúde de maneira prospectiva. O total foi de 4.281 coletas assim distribuídas: vias biliares extra-hepáticas n=1.786; esôfago n=1015; anorretais n=736; cólon n=550; intestino delgado n=86; pâncreas n=71; estômago=23; fígado n=14.  Conclusões: A validação da unificação e estruturação em único protocolo mestre dos dados clínicos referentes à Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo de forma multiprofissional e prospectiva foi possível e o estudo epidemiológico realizado permitiu identificar as doenças mais prevalentes nesse aparelho em um hospital universitário terciário.
Philosophy of Liberal Education: The Principles
Authors: Kurennoy Vitaly
Published: April 2020

This article lays out systematically the principles of modern liberal philosophy of education by explicating the foundations of the Humboldtian (European) model of liberal education. Conceived over two centuries ago, those foundations have never been presented fully and coherently in Russian literature on pedagogy and philosophy of education. Ten principles of the model are identified in terms of modern liberal education theory: (1) lifelong learning, (2) academic freedom, (3) importance of practice and experience, (4) critical thinking and civil competency, (5) competency development instead of knowledge accumulation, (6) priority of general education over specialized education, (7) the concept of learning to learn, (8) self-directed learning effort, (9) political neutrality, and (10) interaction and Socratic dialogue. The second part of this article (release upcoming) sheds light on the key sources and socio-historical contexts that have shaped attitudes towards the liberal education theory since conception until the present day.
POLITICAL CONNECTION : SEBUAH PERTIMBANGAN DALAM PENENTUAN TINGKAT BUNGA
Authors: Yatini Supri , Apandi R. Nelly Nur
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tax aggressive terhadap cost of debt dengan political connection sebagai variabel pemoderasi pada perusahaan sektor manufaktur periode 2017 hingga 2018. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan sampel 75 perusahaan dari 156 perusahaan manufaktur. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan dan laporan tahunan. Tingkat cost of debt perusahaan diukur menggunakan persentase beban bunga, tax aggressive diukur menggunakan effective tax rate, dan political connection diukur menggunakan variabel dummy. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi data panel dengan bantuan software Eviews 11. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa tax aggressive berpengaruh positif terhadap cost of debt dan hubungan antara tax aggressive dengan cost of debt dapat menguat dengan adanya political connection.
Keeping One’s Shiny Mercedes in the Garage: Why Higher Education Quantification Never Really Took Off in Germany
Authors: Hillebrandt Maarten
Published: April 2020

The cybernetic dream of regulatory ‘dashboard control’ has taken off in the German higher education system. Both government regulators and university managers are engaged in the creation of waves of increasingly fine-grained quantitative data. Yet a wide range of recent case studies of the German higher education sector attest that in spite of this ‘datafication’ frenzy, the impact of the collected data mass on regulatory and managerial decision-making capacities seems to have remained relatively limited. This article explores why, in spite of the considerable investment in quantitative data infrastructures in the German higher education sector, this did not result in significant overt analytical capacity building. It explores three hypotheses: 1) a legal hypothesis according to which quantification is curbed by legal protections under the Rechtsstaat; 2) a dysfunctionality hypothesis which holds that decision makers reject quantification as a flawed and impracticable pursuit; and 3) an egalitarian federalism hypothesis which argues that Germany’s federal states seek to prevent commensurability to avoid comparison and competition. The article finds that, in spite of its inconspicuousness, quantification indeed does inform various central decision-making processes. However, different legal, political, and relational factors prompt decision makers to engage in a hybrid, tempered and, overall, untransparent application of numerical data.
Development of control over the behavior of younger schoolchildren with different socio-cultural affiliation
Authors: Zhirkova A.V.
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to study the development of self-control abilities in children of primary school age. The main mechanisms for the formation of self-regulation of children of primary school age are revealed. Such concepts as self-regulation, self-control, processes of mental self-regulation, structural components of self-regulation, behavioral control, ethno-cultural characteristics and styles of family relations are analyzed. The main context of the study is the study of the development of behavioral control within the framework of child-parent relations among the families of the Northern nationalities. The article presents data on behavioral control in children from families with different ethnic and cultural affiliation. The children of primary school age from 129 families took part in the survey: 42 families of Evens living in the native territory of Yakutia, 43 families of the country’s rural area, 44 Russian-speaking families of the city of Yakutsk. The following methods were used: Wechler’s test Children’s version. Subtest 11 “Coding” and the technique “Voluntary control (control actions): neuropsychological tasks” A.R. Luria. It was found that children from urban families, in comparison with rural families and traditional life-style families, are more likely have a low level of cognitive control and control of actions, but a high level of control of actions is observed less often.