bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Occurrence of Melon Fruit Flies (Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coq.) and Its Natural Enemies on Bitter Gourd
Authors: Radhika  , Bantewad S. D. , Reddy K. V. Nagarjun
Published: November 2023

Aim: To study the seasonal occurrence of cucurbit melon fly and correlation study with weather parameters to know the impact of abiotic environmental factors on the activity of melon fruit fly concerning infesting the fruits of bitter gourd in crop ecosystem.

Place and Duration of Study: College of Agriculture, VNMKV Parbhani, Maharashtra. Studies during two seasons Rainy and Summer 2021 and 2022 respectively.

Methodology: The experimental plot was kept unsprayed throughout the crop season. The observation was recorded as soon as the incidence was noticed from five randomly selected plants at weekly intervals. The observations of fruit flies were recorded from the day of fruit formation to the last picking of the fruit. The damaged and healthy fruits were recorded at eachpicking to knowing the percentage fruit infestation by fruit flies.

Results: Fruit fly was the major pest of bitter gourd in fruit damage. The fruit damage record range was 15.65 to 59.33 per cent in the rainy season whereas, 28.99 to 61.14 per cent in the summer season. The per cent fruit infestation shows a significant and positive correlation with no. of maggots per fruit (r = 0.857 and 0.905) during both seasons respectively. Weather parameters like morning relative humidity (MRH) and rainfall the during rainy season show significant and positive correlation (r = 0.87 and r = 0.71 respectively) whereas, during the summer season significant and positive correlation (r = 0.77) with MRH and significant and negatively correlated with (r = - 0.66) minimum temperature. The record of larval pupal parasitoid Psyttalia fletcheri (Silvestri) and it was discovered that 16% of the population was parasitized during the experimental period

Conclusion: The infestation may vary from season to season, region to region and concerning variety also. Here the infestation range was higher during the summer season, which may be because of the coincidence with the fruit season of mango in that area.
Investigating the Interaction of Endophytic Bacteria and Biochemical Compounds in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum)
Authors: Verma Preety , Malik Vinod Kumar , Kumar Rakesh , Sangwan Pooja , Verma Tarun , Khaiper Mamta , Yadav Pankaj , Sheoran Niharika , Singh Vikram
Published: November 2023

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is an important cereal crop in Asia and Africa. This study focuses on quantifying endophytic bacteria in several parts of the pearl millet plant—roots, stems, and leaves. Total phenolic content, orthodihydroxy phenols, total soluble sugars, protein levels, and enzymatic activity (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase) were all measured and linked with the amount of endophytic bacteria. The leaves have the highest total phenolic content, followed by the stem. Orthodihydroxy phenols were also significantly greater in leaves (1.82 mg catechol equi./g) than in stems and roots. Total soluble sugars showed higher levels in leaves (9.97 mg glucose equi./g), in stems (9.21 mg glucose equi./g) and in roots ( 6.83 mg glucose equi./g). Protein content exhibited significant variation among the plant parts, with leaves (10.63%) containing the highest protein content followed by stems and roots (8.47% and 6.67% respectively). Enzymatic activities, crucial for plant defence and growth, varied across the plant sections. Peroxidase activity was highest in roots (359.98 OD/g), followed by stems and leaves. Polyphenol oxidase activity was lowest in the roots (1.63 OD/g) and highest in the leaves with 2.19 OD/g, while catalase activity was the highest activity in the roots with 17.79 OD/g versus 14.79 OD/g and 14.63 OD/gin the leaves and Roots respectively. The number of Pearl millet endophytic bacteria in the roots is 16, whereas the amount in the stem is 12 and 10 in the leaves. This in-depth analysis sheds light on future research targeted at better understanding plant-microbe interactions and developing ways to improve plant health and productivity.
A Simplified Mathematical Equation to Study the Relationship between Water Driving Forces and Water Losses Amount in Irrigation Canals in the Field
Authors: Abd–Allah Y. A. M.
Published: November 2023

This investigation aimed to study the effect of water driving forces in irrigation canals in the case of using one or two irrigation canals in the field and its impact on water losses amount by deriving a mathematical equation. The results across the two seasons showed that mean water driving forces (WDF) in the case of using one irrigation canal in field (0.26m3/16.63minute) was greater than two irrigation canals (0.24m3/36.13minute) and the water losses amount (WLA)resulted from using one irrigation canal (17.78 m3) was less than the two irrigation canals (36.25 m3) by saving 18.47m3 of irrigation water. Consequently, there is an inverse relationship between water driving forces in irrigation canals in the field and water losses amount. Grain yield in the case of using one irrigation canal in the field was 1.414 mg ha-1, while in the two irrigation canals recorded 1.365 mg ha-1by increasing 49.17 kg ha-1. Accordingly, a quantity of irrigation water can be saved during surface irrigation in order to achieve water abundance can be used to irrigate new lands. The quadratic model was the best statistical model to describe the relationship between Water Driving Force (WDF) and Water Movement Time (WMT) irrigation canal in field. Using the fitted quadratic model, it is clear that the Critical Water Movement Time (CWMT) which reflects the lowest WDF value was 25.55 min.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Blood Borne Infections among Students of Selected Nursing Institution at Mangaluru
Authors: Reji Ajini , Adheena M. , Abhirami P. R. , Basith Abdul , Charly Aleena , Jacob Melvin
Published: November 2023

Background of the Study: Blood borne pathogens are microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood. A blood borne disease that can be spread through contamination by blood and other body fluids. In health care setting, blood born pathogen transmission usually occurs by Percutaneous exposure to the workers mostly happens when they are handling infected patients. 1The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of blood borne infection among students of selected nursing institution at Mangaluru.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among104 undergraduate students. Subject was selected using purposive sampling techniques. The information was collected using a demographic Proforma and a self - administered questionnaire. The overall knowledge on prevention of blood born infection was graded as adequate, good, and inadequate.

Results: The overall knowledge score was majority (64.4%) had average, 33.7% had good and minority (1.9%) had good knowledge regarding blood born infection and its prevention. In this study there was significant (P<0.05) association between knowledge score with age, gender whereas there is no significant association between knowledge score with year of study, previous knowledge on standard precautions and source of information. 

Conclusion: The present study concludes that the nursing students have a fair knowledge regarding the cause of blood born infections. Competent knowledge is needed to prevent the spread of blood born infections. Successful prevention strategies of blood born infections require a high level of awareness of the infected individual as well as a detailed knowledge among healthcare professionals and society.
Irregular Rhythm in a Middle-Aged Man Presenting With New-Onset Heart Failure
Authors: Ali Hussam , Passarelli Ilaria , Cappato Riccardo
Published: November 2023

A man in his 50s with recurrent palpitations, fatigue, and progressive exertion dyspnea had irregular narrow-QRS tachycardia in an incessant, repetitive fashion with heart rates up to 180 beats per minute and occasional short runs of wide-QRS tachycardia on Holter monitoring and 12-lead electrocardiogram. What would you do next?
Cost-Effectiveness of Liquid Biopsy for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Patients Who Are Unscreened
Authors: Aziz Zainab , Wagner Sophie , Agyekum Alice , Pumpalova Yoanna S. , Prest Matthew , Lim Francesca , Rustgi Sheila , Kastrinos Fay , Grady William M. , Hur Chin
Published: November 2023

Importance

Despite recommendations for universal screening, adherence to colorectal cancer screening in the US is approximately 60%. Liquid biopsy tests are in development for cancer early detection, but it is unclear whether they are cost-effective for colorectal cancer screening.

Objective

To estimate the cost-effectiveness of liquid biopsy for colorectal cancer screening in the US.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this economic evaluation, a Markov model was developed to compare no screening and 5 colorectal cancer screening strategies: colonoscopy, liquid biopsy, liquid biopsy following nonadherence to colonoscopy, stool DNA, and fecal immunochemical test. Adherence to first-line screening with colonoscopy, stool DNA, or fecal immunochemical test was assumed to be 60.6%, and adherence for liquid biopsy was assumed to be 100%. For colonoscopy, stool DNA, and fecal immunochemical test, patients who did not adhere to testing were not offered other screening. In colonoscopy–liquid biopsy hybrid, liquid biopsy was second-line screening for those who deferred colonoscopy. Scenario analyses were performed to include the possibility of polyp detection for liquid biopsy.

Exposures

No screening, colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical test, stool DNA, liquid biopsy, and colonoscopy–liquid biopsy hybrid screening.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Model outcomes included life expectancy, total cost, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. A strategy was considered cost-effective if it had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio less than the US willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 per life-year gained.

Results

This study used a simulated cohort of patients aged 45 years with average risk of colorectal cancer. In the base case, colonoscopy was the preferred, or cost-effective, strategy with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $28 071 per life-year gained. Colonoscopy–liquid biopsy hybrid had the greatest gain in life-years gained but had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $377 538. Colonoscopy–liquid biopsy hybrid had a greater gain in life-years if liquid biopsy could detect polyps but remained too costly.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this economic evaluation of liquid biopsy for colorectal cancer screening, colonoscopy was a cost-effective strategy for colorectal cancer screening in the general population, and the inclusion of liquid biopsy as a first- or second-line screening strategy was not cost-effective at its current cost and screening performance. Liquid biopsy tests for colorectal cancer screening may become cost-effective if their cost is substantially lowered.
Effects of Boron Nitride Nanoplatelets on the Mechanical Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered Glass–Ceramics Composites
Authors: Li Hongwei , Wang Rui , Chen Hong , Guan Huaijun , Liu Xin , Guo Hongwei , Lv Fan , Lu Xiaolong
Published: November 2023

Boron nitride nanoplatelet (BNNPs) with superior mechanical properties can be a promising candidate as reinforcement to improve the toughness of glass–ceramics. Herein, glass–ceramics composites reinforced with well‐dispersed BNNPs are fabricated by spark plasma sintering. The addition of BNNP enhances the mechanical properties of glass–ceramics and inhibits the nucleation and growth of the diopside. The number of diopsides and the grain size gradually decrease with the increase of BNNP content. The mere addition of 1.0 wt% BNNPs can simultaneously increase the hardness and fracture toughness by 7.94% and 22.54%, respectively. Crack deflection, BNNP pull‐out, crack blocking, and crack bridging are the main toughening mechanisms, and the toughening model is established to optimize the design of BNNP‐reinforced composites.
Investigation of the Uniformity of Gel Shrinkage by Imaging Tracer Particles Using X‐Ray Microtomography
Authors: Hajnal Anja , Aiyelari Mimololorun Lucy , Dirauf Martin , Gurikov Pavel
Published: November 2023

Mass transfer and structural changes in the polymer matrix need to be understood for a rational optimization of the biopolymer‐based aerogels production. Herein, the uniformity of changes that occur in the gel structure during the aerogel production by a newly developed method which is based on the imaging of metal tracer particles using X‐ray microtomography (X‐ray micro‐CT) alongside the application of point pattern techniques such as the K‐nearest‐neighbor (KNN) distances is studied. Agar is initially used as a system of validation for the developed method, after which other polysaccharide and protein‐based gels such as alginate, whey protein isolate (WPI), and gelatine are studied. The KNN distance is seen to reduce from hydrogel to aerogel. Furthermore, by means of the KNN distances, the biopolymers are observed to experience a nonuniform distribution of tracer particles correlating to nonuniform shrinkage. Densification at specific sites of the gel represented by lower KNN distance values could be distinguished for each biopolymer. Finally, the spatially resolved polymer network density profile is estimated from the KNN distance by correlating it to experimentally determined polymer network density.
Synaptic Characteristics and Vector‐Matrix Multiplication Operation in Highly Uniform and Cost‐Effective Four‐Layer Vertical RRAM Array
Authors: Kim Jihyung , Lee Subaek , Kim Sungjoon , Yang Seyoung , Lee Jung‐Kyu , Kim Tae‐Hyeon , Ismail Muhammad , Mahata Chandreswar , Kim Yoon , Choi Woo Young , Kim Sungjun
Published: November 2023

This study implements a highly uniform 3D vertically stack resistive random‐access memory (VRRAM) with a four‐layer contact hole structure. The fabrication process of a four‐layer VRRAM is demonstrated, and its physical and electrical properties are thoroughly examined. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy are employed to analyze the chemical distribution and physical structure of the VRRAM device. Multilevel capability, reliable endurance (>104 cycles), and retention (104 s) are successfully obtained. Synaptic memory plasticity, such as spike time‐dependent plasticity, spike rate‐dependent plasticity, excitatory post‐synaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, and long‐term potentiation and depression is presented. Finally, the vector‐matrix multiplication (VMM) operation is conducted on a 4 × 12 VRRAM array, according to the low resistance state ratio. It is ascertained that the accuracy drop, which can occur due to VMM error, can be limited to a decrease of less than 0.44% point. Utilizing the high‐density, multilevel, and biological characteristics of VRRAM, it is possible to implement high‐performance neuromorphic systems that require densely integrated synaptic devices.
Balanced Devil Triangle: A Satisfactory Comprehensive Performance Magnetorheological Fluids with Cross‐Scale Particles
Authors: Du Tianxiang , Zhao Penghui , Liu Yitong , Ma Ning , Dong Xufeng , Huang Hao
Published: November 2023

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are magnetic responsive smart materials that are widely used in real‐time damping adjustment devices. However, a major challenge for MR fluids is balancing the constraints relationship among various key performances. This study demonstrates that by utilizing home‐made high saturation magnetization (208.0 emu g−1) nanoparticles as the second component in the preparation of cross‐scale bidisperse MR fluids, the shortcomings of monodisperse micron particles performance can be compensated, effectively balancing the relationship between various performances. This is attributed to the fact that the addition of nanoparticles enhances the density of chain structures under an applied magnetic field, while reducing the overall particle density without a magnetic field. By replacing part of micron particles with nanoparticles, the phenomenon of significant increase in zero‐field viscosity caused by the direct introduction of nanoparticles is avoided. The optimal content of nanoparticles in MR fluids is preliminarily explored, and the results indicate that Micro‐Nano bidisperse MR fluids exhibit a high dynamic yield strength (58.3 kPa when 436 kA m−1), excellent sedimentation stability (82.6% when 7 days), suitable zero‐field viscosity (1.25 Pa s when 100 s−1), and ideal reversibility. Most importantly, the simple preparation method adds significant engineering application value to these MR fluids.
Rational Medium‐Range Charge Transfer Strategy Toward Highly Efficient Violet‐Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Narrowed Emission
Authors: He Xin , Lou Jingli , Li Baoxi , Dong Xiaobin , Zhong Feiyang , Liu Wei , Feng Xing , Yang Dezhi , Ma Dongge , Zhao Zujin , Wang Zhiming , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2023

The spectral narrowing engineering of pure‐organic emitters attracts great research interests in realizing high color purity. Here, the adjusted medium‐range charge transfer (MCT) strategy of TIC‐BO with rigid planar structure by fusing two typical UV‐emitting multiple resonance (MR) fragments via the ingenious double‐halide cyclized coupling reaction is reported. The resulting TIC‐BO with MCT nature shows efficient violet‐blue emission in dilute toluene and evaporated host–guest films, and desirably narrowed spectra are achieved by the suppression of structural relaxation and the shortened charge transfer states. The single‐doped device with TIC‐BO as emitter shows narrowed violet‐blue electroluminescence peaked at 428 nm with full‐width at half‐maximum of 43 nm (0.28 eV), and the Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage coordinates of (0.160, 0.050). A maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 20.50% is achieved, which is among the best results of the corresponding violet‐blue emitting region. Further introduction of a stronger electron‐donating carbazole group makes TIC‐BNO exhibit red‐shifted sky‐blue emission with MR‐dominant properties, and good device performance is received with EQEmax of 34.58%. The outstanding performances of TIC‐BO successfully demonstrate the significance and prospect of the proposed molecular design strategy.
Spin‐Switchable Optics for Surface Plasmon Polaritons Utilizing Nanogroove‐Pair Array
Authors: Yang Xujun , Wang Jiayuan
Published: November 2023

Manipulating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a spin‐controlled manner has opened new possibilities in various applications. Generating spin‐switchable arbitrary complex wavefronts of SPPs using subwavelength structures is highly desirable. Here, the nanogroove‐pair unit (NP), a powerful structure enabling independent amplitude and phase control for spin‐encoded SPP generation, is introduced. Through an NP‐array structure, a comprehensive design strategy for generating SPPs with predefined wavefronts is presented for both left‐ and right‐handed circular polarizations. As an example, a plasmonic lens capable of spin‐switchable focusing is designed with an exceptionally high extinction ratio. Additionally, various complex wavefronts, such as bifocusing, nondiffracting beaming, asymmetric focusing, and focal length switching, all incorporating spin‐switchable features, are presented. The proposed scheme represents a significant advancement in polarization‐controlled wavefront shaping for SPPs, offering potential for diverse applications, including plasmonic switches, particle trapping and manipulation, and polarization sensing.
Asymmetric Overgrowth of Au/AuPt/PtSe2 and Au/AgPtSe2 Heterorods for Optimizing Nonlinear Enhancements
Authors: Dou Zhen‐Long , Cheng Li , Wu Zhi‐Yong , Chen Li‐Jiong , Zhou Li , Wang Qu‐Quan
Published: November 2023

Favorable growth of asymmetric hetero‐nanostructures consisting of plasmonic metals and semiconductors or topological nanomaterials is highly desired because the performance of nonlinear optical antennas is closely related to their composition and morphology symmetry. In this work, two methods are proposed to overgrow PtSe2, a semiconductor or topological semimetal material, onto Au nanorods (AuNRs) to form Au/AuPt/PtSe2 and Au/AgPtSe2 heterorods via wet chemical technique. Both Au/AuPt/PtSe2 and Au/AgPtSe2 heterorods show asymmetric morphologies: the Au/AuPt/PtSe2 heterorods show a partially hollow morphology with an etched AuNR coated by AuPt and PtSe2 shells; the Au/AgPtSe2 heterorods prepared by Ag‐mediated overgrowth method have a toothbrush shape with AgPtSe2 attached on the side surface near one end of AuNRs. The two asymmetric heterorods show significantly enhanced nonlinear radiations of second harmonic generation with the excitation laser wavelength tuning from 1220 to 1315 nm, and a maximal nonlinear enhancement factor of 16 is achieved, which is attributed to the interaction of gold core with platinum selenide shell and the broken symmetry of heterostructures. The findings provide a strategy to prepare metal‐topological heterostructures as optical antennas with optimized performance in the application of nonlinear photonic nanodevices.
Active Modulation of Er3+ Emission Lifetime by VO2 Phase‐Change Thin Films
Authors: Kalinic Boris , Cesca Tiziana , Lovo Alessandro , Scian Carlo , Macaluso Roberto , Bovino Fabio , Li Voti Roberto , Sibilia Concita , Mattei Giovanni
Published: November 2023

The active modulation of optical response of quantum emitters at the nanoscale is of paramount importance to realize tunable light sources for nanophotonic devices. Herein, a thin film of phase‐change material (VO2) is coupled to a 20 nm‐thick silica layer embedding Er3+ ions, and it is demonstrated how the active tuning of the local density of optical states near the erbium emitters provided by the thermally induced semiconductor‐to‐metal transition of VO2 can be used to dynamically control the Er3+ emission lifetime at telecom wavelength (1.54 μm). A decay rate contrast of a factor 2 is obtained between high temperature (90 °C), when VO2 is metallic, and room temperature, when VO2 is semiconductor, in agreement with calculations performed with the classical dipole oscillator analytical model. A hysteretic behavior is observed by measuring the Er3+ lifetime as a function of the temperature, whose parameters are consistent with those of grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction and optical transmittance measurements. The fractions of Er3+ ions that couple with VO2 in each phase at the different temperatures are determined by the analysis of the temporal decays. The results make the investigated system an optimal candidate for the development of tunable photon sources at telecom wavelength.
An Intrinsically Magnetic Epicardial Patch for Rapid Vascular Reconstruction and Drug Delivery
Authors: Qian Bei , Shen Ao , Huang Shixing , Shi Hongpeng , Long Qiang , Zhong Yiming , Qi Zhaoxi , He Xiaojun , Zhang Yecen , Hai Wangxi , Wang Xinming , Cui Yanna , Chen Ziheng , Xuan Huixia , Zhao Qiang , You Zhengwei , Ye Xiaofeng
Published: November 2023

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of mortality worldwide. The major limitation of regenerative therapy for MI is poor cardiac retention of therapeutics, which results from an inefficient vascular network and poor targeting ability. In this study, a two‐layer intrinsically magnetic epicardial patch (MagPatch) prepared by 3D printing with biocompatible materials like poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is designed, poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), and NdFeB. The two‐layer structure ensured that the MagPatch multifariously utilized the magnetic force for rapid vascular reconstruction and targeted drug delivery. MagPatch accumulates superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPION)‐labelled endothelial cells, instantly forming a ready‐implanted organization, and rapidly reconstructs a vascular network anastomosed with the host. In addition, the prefabricated vascular network within the MagPatch allowed for the efficient accumulation of SPION‐labelled therapeutics, amplifying the therapeutic effects of cardiac repair. This study defined an extendable therapeutic platform for vascularization‐based targeted drug delivery that is expected to assist in the progress of regenerative therapies in clinical applications.
CAFs Homologous Biomimetic Liposome Bearing BET Inhibitor and Pirfenidone Synergistically Promoting Antitumor Efficacy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yin , Yu Ranran , Zhao Cheng , Liang Jiawei , Zhang Yixuan , Su Haochen , Zhao Jing , Wu Hao , Xu Shijin , Zhang Ziying , Wang Lei , Zou Xiaoping , Zhu Yun , Zhang Shu , Lv Ying
Published: November 2023

BRD4 is a member of the BET protein family involved in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. Several BET inhibitors (BETi) have entered clinical trials, demonstrating potential in inducing cancer cell apoptosis and tumor regression. However, resistance to BETi is common in solid tumors. In pancreatic cancer, it is found that cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment reduce the BET inhibitor JQ1 sensitivity by inducing BRD4 expression. Moreover, CAFs play a crucial role in the formation of a dense stromal barrier. Therefore, targeting CAFs in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer not only enhances cancer cells sensitivity to JQ1 but also increases drug perfusion and improves oxygen supply, thus reducing glycolysis and limiting energy supply. To address this challenge, a homologous targeting mechanism utilizing activated fibroblast membrane‐coated liposomes is proposed for specific drug precise target to CAFs‐rich pancreatic cancer. Additionally, TAT peptides enable liposomes penetration, delivering PFD for targeted anti‐fibrotic therapy, reducing extracellular matrix generation and glycolysis, and enhancing JQ1 delivery and sensitivity. In conclusion, the findings indicate the tremendous potential of this CAFs‐targeting liposomal delivery system in pancreatic cancer.
Shortcut design method for multicomponent gradient simulated moving beds
Authors: Frandsen Jesper , Huusom Jakob K. , Gernaey Krist V. , Abildskov Jens
Published: November 2023

This work describes a method for design (and verification) of isocratic and gradient simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography, based on the triangle theory. The method is tested using both constant selectivity and nonconstant selectivity isotherms as well as implicit and explicit isotherms through the Linear, Langmuir, and SMA isotherms. The results show that the method is applicable to a wide range of isotherms and to multicomponent systems. The study also investigates the influence of modifier concentrations on gradient SMB performance, by determining the optimal flow rate ratios for calculating volume‐specific productivity and eluent consumption. These findings demonstrate the potential of the method to improve the performance of a gradient SMB and serve as a useful initial step in the design and optimization of operational flow rates and modifier concentrations.
The 8th International RASopathies Symposium: Expanding research and care practice through global collaboration and advocacy
Authors: Pierpont Elizabeth I. , Bennett Anton M. , Schoyer Lisa , Stronach Beth , Anschutz April , Borrie Sarah C. , Briggs Benjamin , Burkitt‐Wright Emma , Castel Pau , Cirstea Ion C. , Draaisma Fieke , Ellis Michelle , Fear Vanessa S. , Frone Megan N. , Flex Elisabetta , Gelb Bruce D. , Green Tamar , Gripp Karen W. , Khoshkhoo Sattar , Kieran Mark W. , Kleemann Karolin , Klein‐Tasman Bonita P. , Kontaridis Maria I. , Kruszka Paul , Leoni Chiara , Liu Clifford Z. , Merchant Nadia , Magoulas Pilar L. , Moertel Christopher , Prada Carlos E. , Rauen Katherine A. , Roelofs Renée , Rossignol Rodrigue , Sevilla Christine , Sevilla Gigi , Sheedy Ryan , Stieglitz Elliot , Sun Daochun , Tiemens Dagmar , White Forest , Wingbermühle Ellen , Wolf Cordula , Zenker Martin , Andelfinger Gregor
Published: November 2023

Germline pathogenic variants in the RAS/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway are the molecular cause of RASopathies, a group of clinically overlapping genetic syndromes. RASopathies constitute a wide clinical spectrum characterized by distinct facial features, short stature, predisposition to cancer, and variable anomalies in nearly all the major body systems. With increasing global recognition of these conditions, the 8th International RASopathies Symposium spotlighted global perspectives on clinical care and research, including strategies for building international collaborations and developing diverse patient cohorts in anticipation of interventional trials. This biannual meeting, organized by RASopathies Network, was held in a hybrid virtual/in‐person format. The agenda featured emerging discoveries and case findings as well as progress in preclinical and therapeutic pipelines. Stakeholders including basic scientists, clinician‐scientists, practitioners, industry representatives, patients, and family advocates gathered to discuss cutting edge science, recognize current gaps in knowledge, and hear from people with RASopathies about the experience of daily living. Presentations by RASopathy self‐advocates and early‐stage investigators were featured throughout the program to encourage a sustainable, diverse, long‐term research and advocacy partnership focused on improving health and bringing treatments to people with RASopathies.
Dearomative Insertion of Fluoroalkyl Carbenes into Azoles Leading to Fluoroalkyl Heterocycles with a Quaternary Center
Authors: Li Linxuan , Ning Yongquan , Chen Hongzhu , Ning Yongyue , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Liao Peiqiu , Zhu Qingwen , Ji Yong , de Ruiter Graham , Bi Xihe
Published: November 2023

The skeletal ring expansion of heteroarenes through carbene insertion is gaining popularity in synthetic chemistry. Efficient strategies for heterocyclic ring expansion to access heterocycles containing a fluoroalkyl quaternary carbon center through fluoroalkyl carbene insertion are highly desirable because of their broad applications in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report a general strategy for the dearomative one‐carbon insertion of azoles using fluoroalkyl N‐triftosylhydrazones as fluoroalkyl carbene precursors, resulting in ring‐expanded heterocycles in excellent yields with good functional‐group compatibility. The broad generality of this methodology in the late‐stage diversification of pharmaceutically interesting bioactive molecules and versatile transformations of the products has been demonstrated.
Synthesis of 2‐Azanorbornanes via Strain‐Release Formal Cycloadditions Initiated by Energy Transfer
Authors: Chang Yu‐Che , Salome Christophe , Fessard Thomas , Brown M. Kevin
Published: November 2023

Rigid bicycles are becoming more popular in the pharmaceutical industry because they allow for expansion to new and unique chemical spaces. This work describes a new strategy to construct 2‐azanorbornanes, which can act as rigid piperidine/pyrrolidine scaffolds with well‐defined exit vectors. To achieve the synthesis of 2‐azanorbornanes, new strain‐release reagent, azahousane, is introduced along with its photosensitized strain‐release formal cycloaddition with alkenes. Furthermore, new reactivity between a housane and an imine is disclosed. Both strategies lead to various substituted 2‐azanorbornanes with good selectivities.
Effect of the water content and the lengthening of fatty acids chain on the iCALB‐catalyzed esterification in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Maurente Lorena , Callejas Nicolás , Volonterio Elisa , Baréa Bruno , Barouh Nathalie , Bourlieu‐Lacanal Claire , Durand Erwann , Villeneuve Pierre , Figueroa‐Espinoza Maria Cruz , Jachmanián Iván
Published: November 2023

Four Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) based on choline chloride (ChCl) and different hydrogen bond donors (1,4‐butanediol, glycerol, isosorbide, and urea) were tested as reaction medium for the immobilized Candida antarctica B (iCALB) lipase‐catalyzed esterification of fatty acids with n‐butanol. Although the strong hydrogen bonds between DES components were expected to lower their reactivity, all except urea, competed in the esterification reaction. To study the effect of acyl group donor and water, different chain length of saturated fatty acids (ranging from 6:0 to 18:0) and water content (ranging from 0, 1, 2 or 3 molar ratio of water/ChCl) were tested in the lipase‐catalyzed esterification with n‐butanol in ChCl:urea (1:2, molar ratio). When the incubation was performed in the absence of water, the shorter the fatty acid chain length, the higher the conversion. Upon water addition, a drastic increase in the esterification rate of all the fatty acids was observed and, conversely to what occurred in the anhydrous media, the longer the fatty acid chain length, the higher the conversion. Results suggest that water concentration in the DES medium possesses a multifactorial effect, as it influences the enzyme activity, the solvent viscosity, the DES structure, and the interaction between DES components, substrates, and enzymes, thus determining the efficiency and yield of the esterification reaction.
Preparation of carboxy sulfonic acid‐containing copolymer scale inhibitors and their scale inhibition effect on CaCO3
Authors: Ma Wentao , Hu Zhijie , Zhang Yu , Ma Jie , Xin Guopeng
Published: November 2023

Free radical polymerization was selected to obtain a promising copolymer scale inhibitor IA‐AM‐SAS with good water solubility and temperature and salt resistance, which is suitable for the treatment of surface pipeline water in oil fields, using itaconic acid (IA), acrylamide (AM), and sodium acrylsulfonate (SAS) as the monomers. The structure of the synthesized copolymer was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric results showed that the copolymer does not undergo significant thermal degradation at temperatures below 356°C, indicating that the copolymer has good thermal stability. The molecular weights of the polymers at different monomer ratios were measured using gel permeation chromatography and the relationship between the molecular weights and scale inhibition performance was discussed. The results showed that the scale inhibition effect was best when the monomer molar ratio n(IA): n(AM): n(SAS) was 0.5:2:1.5 and the number of average molecular weight of the prepared copolymer was 7712 g/mol, and the inhibition efficiency of CaCO3 was 84.02% when IA‐AM‐SAS was at a concentration of 30 mg L−1, and the inhibition rate was measured by the standard of static scale inhibition test in the oilfield measured. The range of conditions (PH, Ca2+ concentration, water temperature, and time) of the static scale inhibition test was then expanded using a one‐way controlled variable experiment to explore the performance of IA‐AM‐SAS scale inhibitors under different water quality conditions. The scale inhibition mechanism was explored by scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Briefly, the combination of multiple functional groups enables IA‐AM‐SAS to be applied in complex and challenging environments.
Synthesis of β‐Hydroxysulfides via Multi‐Component Cascade Hydroxysulfenylation of Styrenes with NH4SCN and Water under Transition‐metal‐free Conditions
Authors: Liu Xian , Hao Liqiang , Wang Yangyang , Ji Yafei
Published: November 2023

Transition‐mental‐free multi‐component hydroxysulfenylation of styrenes with NH4SCN and water to from β‐hydroxysulfides is established. The reaction mechanism proceeded via a domino reaction after a radical addition to 2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines. This approach features a wide substrate scope and functional group compatibility, providing 34 compounds in acceptable yields.
The effect of recasting by mothers with different conversational styles on the communication behavior of autistic children: Lag sequential analysis
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Peng Yonghan , Lu Yiting , Zhang Yumin
Published: November 2023

Recasting is the adult rephrasing of a child's immediately preceding utterance. It has been shown to have outstanding effects on promoting language development in autistic children. This study used lag sequential analysis to explore the impact of mothers' conversational styles on the communicative behavior of autistic children when using recasting. This study recruited 30 Chinese autistic children (aged 3–6 years) and their mothers. The utterances of the children and their mothers during 30‐min interactions were transcribed, coded, and analyzed. The mothers' conversational styles were determined by the percentages of child‐dominant, mother‐dominant, and equality styles. The results indicated that mothers' conversational styles were predominantly child‐dominant, differing from the expected mother‐dominant style that is typical in Eastern cultures and traditions. However, some mothers still demonstrated a significant proportion of mother‐dominant style in their conversation, while some exhibited a considerable amount of equality style. Moreover, mothers with a mainly child‐dominant style and minimal use of mother‐dominant and equality styles used recasting after the child's response, triggering the child to initiate new topics. Mothers with a child‐dominant style combined with prominent mother‐dominant features implemented untargeted self‐recasting, the children did not respond significantly. Mothers with a child‐dominant style combined with prominent equality features used recasting after the children responded, initiated, or expanded the conversation, which often facilitated the child's expansion of the conversation. These findings provide suggestions for designing parent‐mediated early language interventions for autistic children.
Triboluminescence and crystal structure of the complex [Eu(MBA)3Dipy]2(HMBA)
Authors: Bukvetskii Boris V. , Kalinovskaya Irina V.
Published: November 2023

The atomic structure of the crystals [Eu(MBA)3Dipy]2(HMBA) (MBA–аnion toluic acid, Dipy–2,2′‐dipyridyl, HMBA–toluic acid), displaying intensive luminescence and triboluminescence was determined using single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The triclinic centrosymmetric crystals have the following parameters: a = 10.620(2), b = 11.849(2), c = 14.9868(2) Å, α = 68.297(1), β = 76.172(1), γ = 80.378(1)°, sp.gr. P −1, Z = 1, ρcalc. = 1.537 g/cm3. The structure belongs to the insular type and is presented as the isolated complex Eu2‐dimeric formations and outer‐sphere HMBA. The structural aspects of the observed luminescence and triboluminescence properties of the compound were discussed, and the cleavage plane role in the process of the crystal destruction was revealed.
Kahoot: A game‐based web tool to assess motivation, engagement fun, and learning outcomes among engineers
Authors: Lashari Tahira A. , Fiayaz Rimsha , Lashari Saima A. , Khan Ijaz , Sultana Sidra , Afzal Tashfa
Published: November 2023

It can be very difficult and demanding to keep students interested and motivated to learn difficult concepts and ideas; this is especially true if the task seems difficult and unique to the students. The digital generation enjoys using mobile applications. The study's goal was to encourage instructors to use digital assessment tools and approaches to enhance students' psychological abilities, such as motivation, enjoyment, and performance in learning. The study used the educational technology application Kahoot for formative assessment. The main objective is to determine how the use of the online game “Kahoot” affects the students' motivation, enjoyment, engagement, concentration, and learning outcome, which is a supplement to traditional teacher‐centered learning. Quantitative research was carried out, volunteered participants were divided into two groups: Kahoot (n = 32) and paper‐based (n = 32), and were given lectures on a particular topic in mechanics for a specific period. Lately, quiz was conducted in groups; the participants in the Kahoot groups gave the test on Kahoot mobile application, while the student in the paper‐based group traditionally gave the quiz, data was collected from the participants in both groups using a Likert‐scale questionnaire to determine their perceptions of participants on the above‐stated themes. Then, the mean, standard deviation, z‐test and t‐test were used to determine the perceptions in both groups. The findings from the study ultimately agreed to the hypothesis that effective learning, motivation, engagement, and fun were all in the Kahoot‐based group compared to the paper‐based group with a statistically significant difference.
Effect of mashing temperature on fermentation and antioxidant capacity of Qingke wort
Authors: Ao Feng , Zheng Jia , Wu Jianhang , Li Mao , Wang Hong , Zhao Haifeng , Li Li , Zong Xuyan
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives

Mashing temperature is important during beer brewing processes. Qingke malt was a new material whose application in the beer industry holds significant importance for the beer industry and agriculture development in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mashing temperature on the physicochemical parameters, fermentation capacity, and antioxidant capacity of Qingke wort.

Findings

Ethanol production and the real degree of fermentation decreased with increasing the temperature—S, while the real extract increased with increasing the temperature—S. A lower temperature—S proved to be more advantageous for the fermentation capacity of Qingke wort. In addition, a positive correlation between reducing power and the temperature—P and a negative correlation between the 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) free radical scavenging activity and the temperature—S were found.

Conclusion

The fermentation capacity of Qingke wort was obtained the best when the temperature—P was 50°C and the temperature—S was 60°C. The antioxidant capacity of Qingke wort was satisfactory; the best was obtained when the temperature—P was 45°C and the temperature—S was 60°C.

Significance and Novelty

This is the first study to investigate the mashing characteristics of Qingke wort under different mashing temperatures. The results show that β‐glucan content was abundant in Qingke wort and was positively correlative with the temperature—S.
Pseudo dilated cardiomyopathy: Dilated cardiomyopathy‐like changes due to a combination of stuck mechanical mitral valve and coronary microvascular dysfunction—An autopsy case
Authors: Namura Sato , Matsuzoe Hiroki , Inaba Mayumi , Nishio Ryo , Matsumoto Daisuke , Takaishi Hiroshi
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Thrombus formation in the microvessels and endocardium was suggestive of endothelial cell damage, myocardial ischemia, and a decreased coronary flow reserve. Sustained pulmonary hypertension due to thrombosis worsened the biventricular dysfunction.
One‐stage combined approach en bloc vertebrectomy for primary Ewing's sarcoma of mobile spine in an adult patient: 3 years following aggressive surgery for a rare entity
Authors: Gharbi Mohamed Amine , Chahed Houssem Eddine , Slama Sana Ben , Teborbi Anis , Bouzidi Ramzi , Nefiss Mouadh
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Currently, there is no consensus on the optimal management of nonmetastatic Ewing's sarcoma of the mobile spine. However, associated to chemotherapy, aggressive surgery with en bloc wide resection seems to improve local control and survival.

Primary Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) of non‐sacral spine is extremely rare, especially in middle‐age. Therapeutic strategy aims: to large tumor resection, to provide spine stability and to avoid recurrence through chemo and radiotherapy. We report a case of thoracic spine EWS in an adult treated by combined approach en bloc vertebrectomy.
Evaluation of Oxygen Carrier Performance in a Packed‐Bed Reactor during Chemical Looping Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Wang Jiaxing , Gao Guohui , Zhu Yaochen , Wang Shuai
Published: November 2023

Chemical looping hydrogen generation (CLHG) has attracted much attention owing to its simple operation, low carbon capture cost, and high hydrogen purity. The performance of oxygen carrier plays an important role in the CLHG. In this work, considering the variation of internal reaction and coke deposition inside the oxygen carrier during the CLHG process, a packed‐bed reactor model is established. The temperature, gas composition, and coke deposition distribution inside the particle and reactor are explored. The results indicate that the reaction progress of the oxygen carrier near the wall is slightly faster than that at the center. The overall conversion rate and coke accumulation of the oxygen carrier near the wall are greater than those at the center.
Energy efficiency optimization strategies for greenhouse‐based crop cultivation: A review
Authors: Kaur Arshdeep , Sonawane Vijay , Rosha Pali
Published: November 2023

Worldwide, food scarcity is becoming a debatable concern among the scientific fraternity due to the increased populace, leading to decreased arable land. This has compelled us to explore various innovative and technological solutions, for example, large‐scale greenhouse farming, to meet the surging demand for field production. In this context, research efforts have been continually made by various scientists and researchers to explore more control strategies/algorithms for keeping the indoor climate comfortable and enhancing the greenhouse's energy effectiveness. Considering this, an initiative was made to summarize the documented research findings in the last decade focusing on energy‐efficient greenhouse‐based crop cultivation. The findings of some studies considering selective parametric conditions have been presented in graphs/tables for reader clarity and discussion. Initially, the studies on existing energy efficient strategies, parameters, monitoring systems, sensing networks, and control algorithms have been discussed. A state of the art review found that control strategies are essential in low‐energy greenhouses since they influence crop yield and cost. It was observed that advanced control algorithms and energy conservation in greenhouses received more attention due to wide spread application, high compatibility, low‐cost, and user‐friendly operations. In terms of future perspectives, it is anticipated that the development of machine learning, big data, and artificial intelligence, combining these technologies with traditional and advanced control strategies would lead to a revolution in the management of greenhouse energy.