bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Land use planning examination
Authors: Fedorinov A. V. , Astakhova Т. A.
Published: April 2021

The article contains a brief history of the formation of land use planning expertise in Russia. The concept of the judicial land use planning expertise is explained in this paper. The classifi cation of judicial land use planning examinations is given with defi nitions of types of such examinations depending on the conditions of their conduct, tasks, stages of the process and involved experts.
Specifics of the process of reproduction of land resources in agriculture
Authors: Vorobyov A. V. , Oganesyan L. O. , Nikulichev A. A. , Fedjunina E. N.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the features of land resources reproduction in agriculture, reveals the specifics of the stages of the reproduction process: production, distribution, exchange and consumption. The author's position is based on a dual approach to the analysis of the study of the process of reproduction of land resources, which are considered as agricultural land. On the one hand, the reproduction process is studied as the renewal of productive qualities of agricultural land, and on the other hand, as the development and reproduction of land relations in conditions of spatial and institutional limitations that determine the consumer properties of land resources. Unlike other factors of production in the process of reproduction of land resources, the consumption stage is combined with the production stage, which contributes to the beginning of the formation of consumer properties at the production stage and the completion of this process at the consumption stage. According to the monitoring of the functioning of the agricultural land market in the Volgograd region in 2012-2019, according to experts, there are constant jumps in the price of agricultural products with a stable amount of rent, which determines the significance of the influence of the price mechanism on the process of reproduction of land resources. Existing institutional restrictions on the exchange of full and limited ownership rights to agricultural land constrain the process of reproduction of consumer properties of land resources at the stage of exchange and consumption, which leads to an increase in reproduction costs and a decrease in the motivation for effective use of agricultural land.
Post-war administrative and economic development of Southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in 1945–1964
Authors: Dembitsky N. P. , Ljalkina S. I.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the activities of state authorities in administrative and economic development of the lands of Southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in 1945–1964.
What will the «regulatory guillotine» and other fundamental innovations in Federal legislation bring to the system of land use planning and agrarian education?
Authors: Lipski S.A.
Published: April 2021

The article considers consequences of the large-scale reform of control and supervisory activities, which was informally called "regulatory guillotine", as well as a number of other high-profile innovations at the organization of land management and agrarian education. The main attention is paid to the fact that all these innovations will lead to new testing and evaluation activities of Universities, as well as to assurance that graduates of land surveying and agricultural departments should be ready to carry out their future professional activity in a new environment. Therefore, it will be necessary to clarify their competencies and update training materials.
Land withdrawal for state and municipal needs
Authors: Gavrilyuck M. N.
Published: April 2021

The topical issues of land plots withdrawal for state and municipal needs are considered in this paper. Judicial practice on this issue is analyzed, as well as the problems of searching for the right holders of the seized real estate. In addition, the article discusses the "guarantees" of compliance with the principle of withdrawal impossibility if the placement of real estate objects is not provided for by documents of territorial planning.
CONTEMPORARY STRATEGIES OF STUDYING INTERTEXTUALITY
Authors: NIKOLENKO K. , NIKOLENKO O.
Published: April 2021

The article explores the definition and the essence of intertextual theory as it is interpreted by M. Bakhtin, J. Kristeva, R. Barthes and other prominent scholars and literary critics of the 20th century, particularly from the viewpoint of poststructuralism. In the broadest terms possible, intertextuality can be defined as a set of relations between texts, which can include direct quotations, allusions, literary conventions, imitation, parody and unconscious sources among others. This concept dramatically blurs the outlines of texts, making them, in R. Barthes’s words, an “illimitable tissue of connections and associations.” The term itself was originally coined by the French semiotician and philosopher Julia Kristeva in the late 1960s. By combining Saussurean and Bakhtinian theories, J. Kristeva produced the first enunciation of intertextual theory, wherein she essentially suggested reconsidering the widely accepted notions of the author’s “influences” and the text’s “sources”. This theory was further developed by R. Barthes, who proclaimed the “death of the author” and insisted that the literary meaning can never be fully grasped by the reader, because the intertextual nature of literary works always leads readers on to new textual relations. In turn, French critic G. Genette introduced the notion of ‘transtextuality’ as a more comprehensive term, and put forward five types of transtextual relations (intertextuality, paratextuality, metatextuality, architextuality, hypertextuality). This theory has also become widely popular in the era of postmodernism, not just in relation to literary works, but also in other domains (cinematography, architecture, pictorial arts etc), as imitation of well-known artistic styles, direct and indirect references to various works of culture have become a salient feature of postmodern art. In general, it should be emphasized that intertextuality subverts the concept of the text as self-sufficient, hermetic totality. Instead, it emphasizes the fact that all literary production takes place in the presence of other texts, works of culture, and various social and historical factors. The reader also plays a crucial role in interpreting the text, because the reader’s previous experiences, their cultural and educational background will inevitably influence the scope of meanings that the reader is able to extract from the text.
Features of dyslipidemia and its influence on endothelium functional state in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and arterial hypertension
Authors: Fushtey I. M. , Podsevakhina S. L. , Palamarchuk A. I. , Tkachenko O. V.
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the study. Was to identify the features of blood lipid spectrum and endothelium functional state in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and arterial hypertension (AH).

Materials and methods. 83 patients were examined (40 with RA combined with AH, 23 with RA and 20 with AH). The blood lipid spectrum and endothelial function were studied in all patients.

Results. The analysis of blood serum lipid parameters demonstrated that in patients with RA, regardless of the presence of AH, there was a significant increase of proatherogenic lipid profile parameters in comparison with those in healthy subjects. It was shown, that lower concentrations of high-density lipoproteins and higher atherogenic coefficient indices was a characteristic feature of the lipid profile in RA patients both with and without AH – in contrast to the same parameters of the lipid spectrum in patients with AH without RA. In the groups of patients with RA a significant increase of the brachial artery diameter at rest and decreased indices of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and endothelium-independent vasodilation were revealed. Subjects with RA in combination with AH had significantly lower indices according to the tests with both reactive hyperemia and nitroglycerin, while in patients with RA without AH, only NG-test was significantly lower.

Conclusion. Dyslipidemia of atherogenic type and endothelial dysfunction develops at the initial stages of rheumatoid process and depends on the activity of the inflammatory process, the presence of extra-articular manifestations and rheumatoid factor seropositivity.
Medical and social consequences of pelvicbrake fractures according to Zoporizhzhia traumatological MSEC
Authors: Trufanov I. I. , Tribushnoj O. V. , Klyatskij Yu. P. , Kosilo V. V. , Polyakov G. L.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the study. Is to analyze the medical and social consequences of pelvic fractures in combination with polysegmental injuries, study the health care system for these injuries, predict complications and mortality to assess the quality of life of patients with pelvic fractures and other segments (lower or upper limb).

Materials and methods. The examination reports were examined according to the Zaporizhia Regional Trauma expertise commission code ICD-10 codes/manual S32 (Fracture of the lumbar spine and pelvic bones).

Results. According to the Zaporizhia Regional Trauma expertise commission, the number of patients after bone fractures in 2014–2018 is 44 people. The analysis of the material revealed the general tendencies of steady growth of the number of patients with pelvic trauma to disability, which confirms the world statistics. During the period 2016–2019 on the basis of «Сity hospital of emergency medical care» and «City Hospital № 9» were operated on 28 patients with fractures of the acetabulum, of which as a result of osteoarthritis of the hip joint surgery was performed in 3 cases (10, 7%).

Conclusions. Some methods of trauma care need to be improved, aimed at reducing their trauma, as well as preventive measures for the development of general and local complications in victims with combined pelvic trauma, refusal of surgical treatment entails improper fracture fusion and disability
Saccadic movement effects on intraocular drug delivery for a wet-AMD clinical case
Authors: Ferroni Marco , Cereda Matteo , Boschetti Federica
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, intravitreal injections are the gold standard for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The prediction of the transport mechanism for the injected anti vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) is needed in order to understand its distribution and consumption after each injection. Thus, this study aims at implementing a full model of vitreous drug delivery. The main novelty of this work is the coupling between an experimental evaluation of the scleral permeability and a numerical analysis of the saccadic dependency of the transport phenomena.
АНАЛІЗ СТРУКТУРНИХ КОМПОНЕНТІВ АНДРАГОГІЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ФАХІВЦІВ З РОЗВИТКУ ПЕРСОНАЛУ У СФЕРІ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Баніт Ольга
Published: April 2021

В оглядовій статті представлено чотири структурні компоненти андрагогічної компетентності фахівців з розвитку персоналу у сфері корпоративної освіти: когнітивно-змістовий, ціннісно-мотиваційний, рефлексивно-оцінний, оперативно-діяльнісний. На основі аналізу їхнього змісту й сутності виокремлено критерії й показники. Когнітивно-змістовий компонент охоплює три групи критеріїв, пов’язаних із загальнопрофесійними знаннями, уміннями й навичками, психолого-педагогічними й андрагогічними знаннями, уміннями й навичками, а також низкою особистісних якостей, що сприяють ефективній професійній діяльності. Ціннісно-мотиваційний компонент характеризується трьома групами критеріїв, пов’язаних з особистісними, професійними й корпоративними мотиваційно-ціннісними установками. Рефлексивно-оцінний компонент розкривається через такі три критерії, як адекватність самооцінки й самоаналізу, усвідомлення власного потенціалу в професійній діяльності, здатність планувати, контролювати й адекватно оцінювати хід особистісного розвитку й професійного становлення. Оперативно-діяльнісний компонент проявляється через такі три критерії: корпоративна комунікативна діяльність, професійно-педагогічна діяльність, проєктування власного професійного розвитку. З’ясовано, що фахівцями, які проводять навчання в корпоративних навчальних центрах, є викладачі закладів вищої освіти, наукові співробітники, майстри професійного навчання, практики з досвідом роботи у своїй галузі. Загалом їх можна розподілити на дві групи: це теоретики, які проводять дослідження кожен у своєму напрямі, та практики, які досконало володіють своєю спеціальністю і можуть передавати знання й досвід іншим. Теоретикам не вистачає практичного досвіду, а практикам – наукового й дослідницького. Зроблено висновок, що і тим і іншим однаково потрібно розвивати андрагогічну компетентність.

Ключові слова: андрагогічна компетентність; корпоративна освіта; розвиток персоналу; когнітивно-змістовий компонент; ціннісно-мотиваційний компонент; рефлексивно-оцінний компонент; оперативно-діяльнісний компонент.
Das Ende des Städtischen?
Authors: Höhne Stefan , Michel Boris
Published: April 2021

Der Einfluss der Coronapandemie wie auch die durch sie rasant beschleunigten Digitalisierungsprozesse haben zu tiefgreifenden Transformationen nahezu jeden Aspekts des urbanen Lebens geführt: von Wirtschaft und Sozialem bis zu Kultur und Alltag. Zugleich formieren sich in Politik, Medien und sozialen Netzwerken düstere Prognosen über die Zukunft der Städte. Wir möchten diese Phänomene und Debatten zum Anlass nehmen, anhand einer Reihe von Symptomen urbaner Krisen einige Fragen zur Zukunft des Städtischen zu formulieren und zur Diskussion zu stellen. Sie betreffen sowohl das Verhältnis von pandemischem Regieren, Digitalisierung und dem Urbanen als auch die Formen von Zukunftserzählungen und -planbarkeiten über das Städtische. Kurz gesagt, sie zielen auf nichts weniger als auf das Zentrum dessen, was wir unter Stadt und dem Urbanen verstehen.
Conceptualizing Asnaf Entrepreneurship for Zakat Institutions in Malaysia
Authors: Bin Ahmad Shiyuti Hashim , Zainol Fakhrul Anwar , Muhammad Shahrul Ifwat Ishak
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework to explore the challenges of the current practices of the asnaf entrepreneurship program and to establish Islamic entrepreneurship ecosystem as a mechanism in the development of the program among zakat institutions in Malaysia.  This research will use qualitative study methods in gathering the primary data from informants among officers in zakat institutions, the asnaf entrepreneurs, the business advisors/experts and academicians. The collected data will be assessed to verify on how the program may help to develop the economy of the asnafs. Even though there is no ideal case as regard to the Islamic entrepreneurship ecosystem in this current world, zakat institutions may provide such alternative ecosystems. The findings of this research is expecting to enhance zakat institutions, Muslims societies, general publics, and policy makers on how this program may elevate the economic status of the asnaf from zakat recipients to become the zakat payers. Thus, the results of this research are anticipated to provide the landscape on how the asnaf entrepreneurship program may positively increase the income of the participants specifically and the societies in general.
Actualización en osteonecrosis y fractura de rótula tras prótesis total de rodilla.
Authors: RODRIGUEZ-COLLELL JUAN RAMON , MIFSUT MIEDES DAMIAN
Published: April 2021

Periprosthetic patella fractures are much more common in knee prostheses in which the patella has been replaced. The aetiology of periprosthetic patella fractures has a traumatic origin in 12% of cases and atraumatic secondary to avascular necrosis in the remaining 88%. Peri-implant fractures, in which the patella has been replaced and the implant is stable with an integral extensor mechanism, resolve with conservative treatment. In cases of stable implant, with a displaced fracture of the upper or lower pole of the patella, the implant is left in situ and the extensor apparatus is repaired according to standard techniques. If there is disruption of the extensor apparatus with an unstable implant, the patellar button should be removed and continuity of the extensor apparatus repaired with a patellectomy. In these cases, internal fixation with wire cerclages is discouraged. In cases where the extensor mechanism is intact and the implant is unstable, the removal of the patellar button is sufficient. The risk of infection after surgery for a periprosthetic patella fracture is high.
Pseudoartrosis séptica de tibia por pseudomona aeruginosa. Tratamiento mediante transporte óseo.
Authors: FERRANDO MESEGUER E , SEGURA LLOPIS FRANCISCO , ALMEIDA HERRERO F L , TEJEDA GÓMEZ ALBERTO , MIFSUT MIEDES DAMIAN
Published: April 2021

Septic non union has still been a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Its resolution is complex and has hight morbility. It needs a multidisciplinary approach. Distal tibia is a common location due its poor vascularity and soft tissues. We present a patient with pseudoarthrosis of the tibia treated with resection and bone transport. Contact was achieved at the docking site at 5 months. Bone grafting and freshening of fracture ends was performed. At 12 months the frame was removed after complete consolidation. As the only complication, the patient suffered two episodes of cellulitis that were resolved with
antibiotic therapy.
Shock séptico asociado a gangrena gaseosa - Miositis necrotizante por Clostridium.
Authors: CRIADO ALBILLOS G , MARTIN RODRIGUEZ A D P , MENDIETA DIEZ L , MILLAN CID M , DELGADO GONZALEZ A
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Gas gangrene, also known as clostridial myonecrosis, is an acute, potentially life-threatening infection of muscular and soft tissues caused by pathogens in the Clostridium genus. Clinical case: We present the case of spontaneous gas gangrene caused by C. Perfringens in a patient with no history of trauma. Discussion: The treatment of gas gangrene consists of prompt surgical debridement combined with antibiotic therapy. Emergency surgical debridement is especially important for patient survival, preserving the limb and preventing complications. If C. Perfringens is
confirmed, the antibiotic therapy should consist of penicillin (3-4 million units intravenously every 4h) with clindamycin (900 mg intravenously every 8h) or tetracycline (500 mg intravenously every 6h). Even when we encounter a patient with no
history of trauma, gastrointestinal pathology, neutropenia or immunodeficiencies, we should quickly suspect this diagnosis when there is extreme pain in a limb, with or without fever. This suspicion is important due to the need for rapid and aggressive treatment to save the limb and life of the patient and to prevent complications.
LH LABELING OF GRAPHS
Authors: Farisa M. , Parvathy K.S.
Published: April 2021

A graph $G$ with $n$ vertices is said to have an LH labeling if there exists a bijective function $f: V(G)$ to $\{1,2,3,\ldots ,n\} $ such that the induced map $f^*: E(G)\rightarrow N$, the set of natural numbers defined by $f^*(uv) = \frac{LCM(f(u), f(v))} {HCF(f(u),f(v))}$ is injective (LCM and HCF denotes the least common multiple and highest common factor respectively). A graph that admits an LH labeling is called an LH graph. This article explores the results of LH Labeling of some standard graphs.
PKM Pembekalan Pelaku UMKM Kota Bogor Tentang Strategi Diferensiasi Dan Positioning Untuk Bertahan Dan Menang
Authors: Rainanto Bambang Hengky , Fathiah Rita
Published: April 2021

Tujuan diadakannya PKM Pembekalan Pelaku UMKM dengan materi Strategi Diferensiasi dan Positioning untuk Mempertahankan dan Memenangkan Pasar adalah untuk memberi informasi dan melatih mental pelaku UMKM Kota Bogor tentang strategi bertahan dan sukses para kepada pelaku UMKM di tengah pasar yang selalu berubah. Membuat diferensiasi dan memperkuat positioning oleh para pelaku UMKM perlu diinfromasikan karena sebagian pelaku UMKM masih melakukan perubahan para produk yang dihasilkan sehingga mereka tidak memiliki pasar yang tetap. Metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan adalah memberikan contoh-contoh industri yang ada di sekitar kita terkait dengan cara-cara mereka melakukan diferensiasi, kemudian memperkuat positioning di pasar. Melalui pelatihan pelaku UMKM ini, diharapkan partisipan dapat menjadi pelaku UMKM yang mampu bertahan dan semakin meningkat di masa mendatang.
Membangun Motivasi Dan Spirit Kewirausahaan Bagi Pelaku UMKM Di Kota Bogor Melalui Kegiatan Klinik Untuk Menciptakan Pengusaha Unggul
Authors: Mekaniwati Ani , Victor Haniel
Published: April 2021

Tujuan diadakannya kegiatan KUMPUL bagi pelaku UMKM Kota Bogor adalah untuk Memberi motivasi dan semangat kepada pelaku UMKM untuk melakukan wirausaha serta Meningkatkan kreativitas dan inovasi para pelaku UMKM. Metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan adalah mengenalkan dan menjelaskan pemahaman tentang digital marketing, memberikan cara yang tepat dalam memasarkan produk dan jasa di era digital, memberikan pemahaman untuk dapat menganalisa produk pesaing. Melalui kegiatan ini, diharapkan partisipan dapat menjadi pelaku UMKM yang sukses baik ditingkat lokal Kota Bogor maupun Internasional.
Pelatihan Peningkatan Pengetahuan Tentang Pembukuan Keuangan Dan Laporan Keuangan Bagi Karyawan PT. Mahatani Di Kota Bogor
Authors: Ariffin Muhammad , Sastra Heri , Srihandoko Wimpi , Fahsani Donny Hendry
Published: April 2021

Setiap aktivitas usaha yang dilakukan oleh usaha kecil maupun  menengah memerlukan sebuah laporan keuangan yang mencerminkan kegiatan usahanya selama satu periode, dimana laporan keuangan tersebut dapat berguna untuk memantau jalannya usaha. Tujuan laporan keuangan yaitu menghasilkan informasi mengenai posisi keuangan, kinerja dan arus kas dari entitas yang bermanfaat, guna pengambilan keputusan ekonomi oleh berbagai pengguna yang luas.

Tanpa laporan keuangan, akan kesulitan melakukan kegiatan manajerial yang penting bagi perkembangan usaha. Salah satu kesulitan yang dihadapi usaha kecil maupun menengah apabila tidak memiliki laporan keuangan adalah ketika usaha kecil dan menengah telah berkembang sampai melakukan kegiatan ekspor barang dengan perusahaan asing, maka laporan keuangan menjadi tolak ukur perusahaan asing untuk melakukan kerja sama karena di dalam laporan keuangan dapat menggambarkan bagaimana fluktuasi kinerja usaha dari tahun ke tahun.

Upaya yang dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan di atas adalah dengan meningkatkan pemahaman dan kemampuan karyawan PT. Mahatani dalam pengelolaan dan penyajian transaksi keuangan.  Pelatihan penyusunan laporan keuangan bagi karyawan PT. Mahatani di Kota Bogor merupakan upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan di atas.

 

Kata kunci: Akuntansi, Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan, Pengambilan Keputusan.
Pendampingan Promosi Digital Bagi UMKM Kota Bogor
Authors: Kusumayanti Diah , Wibisono Sandy
Published: April 2021

UMKM (Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menegah) di Indonesia menjadi salah satu sektor usaha yang cukup mendominasi dijalankan oleh pelaku usaha. Pandemi covid-19 merupakan tantangan yang besar bagi UMKM saat ini. Digitalisasi merupakan hal yang penting bagi UMKM dalam meningkatkan penjualan agar dapat bertahan dalam massa pandemi ini. Maka dari itu, perlu diadakan program pendampingan promosi digital bagi UMKM. Tujuan dari kegiatan pendampingan adalah memberikan pengetahuan mengenai bagaimana menentukan media digital yang sesuai dengan produk UMKM, memberikan pengetahuan mengenai cara promosi yang baik, dan memberikan pengetahuan mengenai hal hal yang penting dalam promosi di media digital. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendampingan dengan studi kasus produk produk yang akan dijual oleh UMKM yang bersangkutan. Fokus kegiatan pendampingan ini adalah bagaimana UMKM peserta dapat mengembangkan iklan melalui foto produk yang menarik dan bagaimana cara mengkomunikasikan produk dalam bentuk foto yang baik merupakan keahlian yang perlu dilatih agar dapat menjaring pangsa pasar yang lebih luas dalam dunia digital.

 

Kata kunci: media digital, promosi digital, foto yang menarik dan komunikatif
Pelatihan Persiapan Berwirausaha Bagi Siswa SMA PGRI 3 Bogor
Authors: Nurendah Yulia
Published: April 2021

Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan kemauan, pemahaman dan kemampuan para guru dalam berwirausaha. Pelatihan Kewirausahaan bagi Murid-Murid SMA PGRI 3 Bogor dalam program pengabdian masyarakat ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman dan juga kemampuan murid dalam berwirausaha yang akan berdampak pada peningkatan mutu lulusan di SMA PGRI 3 Bogor.

Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini meliputi (a) ceramah atau penyuluhan yang berisi penyampaian atau pemaparan informasi untuk materi yang bersifat umum dan teoritis, dalam hal ini adalah materi untuk memotivasi murid-murid agar mau berwirausaha, cara menanamkan pemahaman murid-murid tentang teknis berwirausaha dan hal-hal lain yang sangat penting untuk dikuasai oleh peserta pelatihan, (b) tanya jawab yang memungkinkan murid-murid menggali pengetahuan sebanyak-banyaknya tentang kewirausahaan, dan (c) simulasi untuk memberikan kesempatan mempraktekkan materi pelatihan yang diperoleh.

Kegiatan PPM yang telah dilaksanakan ini berjalan dengan baik dan lancar sesuai dengan tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari program ini, dan mendapatkan hasil yang baik. Murid-murid SMA PGRI 3 Bogor memperoleh sharing pengetahuan dan pengalaman tentang kewirausahaan.

 

Kata Kunci : Kewirausahaan
L’architecte et son double – Alberti et son momus
Authors: Galano Jean-Michel
Published: April 2021

Alberti passe à bon droit comme « l’homme universel de la première Renaissance ». Cela ne dispense pas mais au contraire oblige à essayer de comprendre ce qui fait l’unité et l’originalité de son œuvre, et comment ce théoricien de l’organisation et de la construction a pu parallèlement écrire le Momus , satire violemment destructrice des dieux antiques et des pouvoirs en place.
An Unexpected Cause of Ptosis
Authors: Arican Pinar , Gencpinar Pinar , Cavusoglu Dilek , Koc Altug , Dundar Nihal Olgac
Published: April 2021

The chromosome 22q11.2 region is highly susceptible to both microdeletions and microduplications that have been known to be responsible for multiple congenital anomaly disorders. We describe a patient of 22q11.2 duplication syndrome presenting with bilateral ptosis who has normal psychomotor development. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging and electromyography with repetitive nerve stimulation were normal. Chromosome microarray analysis was performed, and the patient was found to have a de novo 2.8 Mb duplication at 22q11.21. To our knowledge, bilateral ptosis and normal psychomotor development with 22q11.2 duplication syndrome has not been described. The 22q11.2 duplication syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ptosis. This case report contributes to an expanding clinical spectrum of patients with 22q11.2 duplication syndrome.
Alzheimer's Disease in the Down Syndrome
Authors: Gomes Fabiana de C , Mattos Marlon F , Goloni-Bertollo Eny M , Pavarino Érika C
Published: April 2021

The overexpression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, encoded on chromosome 21, has been associated in Down syndrome (DS) with the development of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). The increase in APP levels leads to an overproduction of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide that accumulates in the brain. In response to this deposition, microglial cells are active and generate cascade events that include release cytokines and chemokine. The prolonged activation microglial cells induce neuronal loss, production of reactive oxygen species, neuron death, neuroinflammation, and consequently the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The intrinsically deficient immune systems in people with DS result in abnormalities in cytokine levels, which possibly contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as AD. Knowledge about the biomarkers involved in the process of neurodegeneration and neuroinflamation is important for understanding the mechanisms involved in the incidence and the precocity of AD in individuals with DS.
Clinical Characteristics and Predictors of Short-Term Outcome in Mexican Adult Patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Ruiz-Sandoval José Luis , Salvatella-Gutiérrez Ana Paola , López-Valencia Germán , Chiquete Erwin , Ruiz-Herrera Vida , Pérez-Gómez Héctor Raúl , Adrián Miranda-García Luis , Jiménez-Ruiz Amado , Rodríguez-Hinojosa Jorge , Quintero-Reyes Ángeles , González-Jaime José de Jesús , Villaseñor Cabrera Teresita de Jesús
Published: April 2021

Background:

Information regarding the clinical presentation and outcome of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in adults from Latin America is limited.

Objective:

To identify clinical characteristics and short-term outcome predictors in adult Mexican patients with GBS.

Patients and Methods:

We included adult patients with clinical and electrophysiological data with confirmed GBS, admitted to a tertiary hospital in Western Mexico, from January 2002 to February 2011. A good outcome at hospital discharge was considered if patients had a Hughes score of 0–2 and at 3 and 6 months, a Hughes score of 0–1.

Results:

A total of 115 patients were analyzed (68% men, mean age 44 years old, range 18–84). Previous infection occurred in 63% of cases. Descendent pattern of weakness was observed in 40 (35%) patients. GBS subtypes were: acute motor axonal neuropathy in 31%, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in 29%, sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) in 18%, and equivocal in 22%. A total of 73 (63%) patients received induction therapy: 50 (68%) received plasmapheresis and 13 (18%) received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). In-hospital mortality occurred in 14 (12%) patients. Early gait complaints and emergency room admission with mild Hughes score (0-2) were predictors for a good outcome at hospital discharge (P < 0.05); meanwhile, age >75 years; dysarthria and higher Hughes score were associated with a poor outcome(P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Axonal pattern, motor involvement, and the descendent pattern of presentation were the main clinical GBS findings in our cohort. Higher Hughes scale scores at hospital admission were a strong predictor for a bad outcome at hospital discharge and short-term follow-up, independently of treatment type or in-hospital management. GBS in Mexico still carries considerable mortality.
Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis due to Hypernatremic Dehydration in a Neonate
Authors: Bhattacharya Deepanjan , Angurana Suresh Kumar , Sundaram Venkataseshan , Singh Paramjeet
Published: April 2021

Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis is an uncommon complication of hypernatremic dehydration in neonates. Non-improvement in neurological status even after correction of hypernatremia should lead to suspicion of intracranial complications due to hypernatremia or its overtreatment. Slow correction of hypernatremia, calculated fluid administration, and anticoagulation improve outcome in neonates with CSVT.
TERT Promoter Mutation in Adult Glioblastomas
Authors: Barange Mukesh , Epari Sridhar , Gurav Mamta , Shetty Omshree , Sahay Ayushi , Shetty Prakash , Goda Jayantsastri , Moyiadi Aliasagar , Gupta Tejpal , Jalali Rakesh
Published: April 2021

Background:

Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (pTERT) mutation is a dominant altered telomere maintenance mechanism in primary glioblastomas (GBMs).

Objective:

The aim of this study was to correlate pTERT mutations with clinico-histological features and other molecular markers (p53 protein-expression, ATRX protein-expression, IDH mutations, EGFR gene amplification and MGMT methylation) in adult GBMs.

Materials and Methods:

Evaluated for histological patterns, p53 and ATRX protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), IDH mutations by IHC followed by sequencing in IHC negative cases, EGFR gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization, MGMT promoter methylation by methylation-specific PCR and pTERT mutation by sequencing.

Results:

A total of 155 adult supratentorial GBMs [age-range 20-80 years] formed study cohort. 15.6% were IDH1R132 mutated, none were IDH2R172 mutated and 27% were EGFR amplified. 43% were MGMT methylated and were more common with IDH-mutation (mIDH) than EGFR amplification. 90% of mIDH (but no EGFR amplified) cases showed ATRX-loss. 43.5% were pTERT mutated (C228T was the commonest type) and were mutually exclusive with ATRX-loss. 14% of mIDH and 42% of EGFR amplified cases showed pTERT mutation, the latter was more commonly pMGMT unmethylated (63.6%).

Conclusions:

43.5% of the GBMs showed pTERT mutation (C228T was commonest; 72%). pTERT mutations were mutually exclusive with ATRX protein loss, more commonly associated with IDH wild type and EGFR amplified GBMs.
Metronidazole-Induced Recurrent Paresthesia
Authors: Soh Yunsoo
Published: April 2021

A 54-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of pain and numbness in both feet. She had taken metronidazole for over 4 years previously to treat vaginitis. On nerve conduction studies (NCS), neither the sural nor right superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) was evoked, nor did the left SPN have small amplitude, suggesting axonal peripheral polyneuropathy with sensory fiber involvement. When she restarted metronidazole, she immediately complained of recurrent paresthesia of the feet. We performed three electromyography (EMG) studies and followed the patient for 6 months.
Giant Cavernomas
Authors: Rangnekar Ranjit D , Vilanilam George C , Krishnakumar K , Abraham Mathew
Published: April 2021

Aim:

The aim of this case series is to report two cases of giant cavernomas treated at a tertiary level centre along with a literature review on the differences between giant cavernomas and normal sized cavernomas.

Method:

The first case was that of a 13-year-old male with habitual seizures since one year of age with normal examination findings. His imaging revealed a large parieto-occipital lesion which was excised microsurgically after a parieto-occipital craniotomy and a transcortical approach. The second case was a 26-year-old male who presented with generalised seizures and bilateral visual loss. Imaging was suggestive of a large left lateral ventricular lesion. A left fronto-temporo-parietal craniotomy was done followed by transventricular microsurgical excision. Histopathology of both cases were reported to be cavernomas. The first patient had transient hemiparesis post-operatively which improved within 24 hours. Eventually, both patients had an uneventful follow-up.

Conclusion:

Microsurgical excision remains the treatment of choice for giant cavernomas. In toto excision may be advocated depending upon the location of the cavernoma especially with respect to eloquence and venous anatomy.
Orbital Rim Sparing Single-piece Fronto-orbital Keyhole Craniotomy Through Eyebrow Incision
Authors: Dhandapani Sivashanmugam , Wankhede Lomesh S
Published: April 2021

Background:

The classical eyebrow supraorbital keyhole craniotomy has limited working volume due to the thick incurving of the frontal bone necessitating generous drilling of the frontal base. However, the basal variant with sectioning of the orbital rim results in increased periorbital edema.

Objective:

We describe a novel orbital rim sparing single-piece fronto-orbital keyhole approach, probably the first such report with a comparative review of relevant literature.

Methods:

Following eyebrow incision, bidirectional drilling with a ball tip behind the fronto-zygomatic suture exposes the periorbita and frontal dura, with orbital roof in-between. The craniotomy is fashioned with an angled fronto-orbital cut parallel to and sparing the orbital rim with dura-guard over the periorbita, a frontal cut over the dura, and an optional cut along the lateral orbital roof from within the burr hole. A comparative review of this technique with traditional methods is also carried out.

Results:

Compared to the classical supraorbital keyhole, this minimally invasive approach yields a wider basal exposure with greater working volume for intracranial and orbital lesions. Compared to the basal variant of keyhole fronto-orbital approach, this technique results in the least disturbance to periorbita's attachment with the orbital margin, maintenance of orbital contour, better cosmesis with use of simple tools and self-fitting flap.

Conclusion:

The orbital rim sparing single-piece fronto-orbital keyhole craniotomy is an easy and novel minimally invasive approach with greater working volume without the disadvantages of sectioning the orbital rim.
Transpedicular Approach for Corpectomy and Circumferential Arthrodesis in Traumatic Lumbar Vertebral Body Burst Fractures
Authors: Garg Mayank , Kumar Amandeep , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Mahalangikar Raman , Satyarthee Guru Dutt , Agrawal Deepak , Gupta Deepak , Gurjar Hitesh Kumar , Mishra Shashwat , Chandra Poodipedi S , Kale Shashank S
Published: April 2021

Background:

Traumatic vertebral burst fractures can be surgically approached via different approaches (anterior/posterior, or combined). Transpedicular approach (TA) is a posterior approach that has the advantage of achieving circumferential arthrodesis via single posterior only approach. The purpose of this study was to analyze our experience with TA in management of traumatic lumbar burst fractures (TLBFs).

Materials and Methods:

All consecutive patients with TLBFs managed with TA over 5 years duration were included in this retrospective study. Correction of kyphotic deformity and change in neurological status were analyzed to assess outcome. Cobb's angle and ASIA grade were used for this purpose.

Results:

There were 21 males and 14 females. Eight patients had complete (ASIA-A) while 22 had incomplete injury. All patients had a TLICS score >=4. The mean preoperative Cobb's angle was 13.97° that improved to -3.57° postoperatively (mean kyphosis correction-17.54°). None of the patients developed iatrogenic nerve root injury. There was no perioperative mortality. The mean cobb's angle was 1.23° at 39.1 months follow-up. Eight patients developed cage subsidence but none required revision surgery. Postoperatively, 27 (77.1%) patients showed neurological improvement and none deteriorated. The median ASIA score improved from 3 to 5. A fusion rate of 91.4% was observed at last follow-up.

Conclusions:

The advantages of TA including sense of familiarity with posterior approach amongst spine surgeons, lesser approach-related morbidity, and results comparable to anterior/combined approaches, make TA an attractive option for managing TLBFs. Although technically difficult, it can be successfully used for circumferential arthrodesis in lumbar region without sacrificing nerve roots.
Chronic Neurological Disorders
Authors: Sarangi Sudhir Chandra , Sopory Pranav , Reeta KH
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Chronic neurological diseases are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. With increasing life expectancy in the developing world, the incidence and prevalence of these diseases are predicted to rise even further. This has also contributed to an increase in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for noncommunicable diseases. Treatment for such diseases also poses a challenge with multiple genetic and epigenetic factors leading to a varied outcome. Personalization of treatment is one way that treatment outcome/prognosis of disease can be improved, and pharmacogenomics plays a significant role in this context.

Methodology:

This article reviewed the evidence pertaining to the association of genetic and epigenetic markers with major neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), which are a major source of burden among neurological disorders. Types of studies included are peer-reviewed original research articles from the PubMed database (1999–2018).

Results:

This study compiled data regarding specific genetic and epigenetic markers with a significant correlation between the clinical diagnosis of the disease and prognosis of therapy from 65 studies. In a single platform, this review highlights the clues to some vital questions, such as why interferon beta (IFN-β) therapy fails to improve symptoms in all MS patients? why cholinesterase inhibitors fail to improve cognitive impairment in a subset of people suffering from AD? or why some individuals on levodopa (L-DOPA) for PD suffer from side-effects ranging from dyskinesia to hallucination while others do not?

Conclusion:

This article summarizes the genetic and epigenetic factors that may either require monitoring or help in deciding future pharmacotherapy in a patient suffering from MS, AD, and PD. As the health care system develops and reaches newer heights, we expect more and more of these biomarkers to be used as pharmacotherapeutic outcome indicators.
Bilateral Posterior Nasoseptal Flap – Double Breasting Technique
Authors: Srinivasa Rakshith , Chandrakiran C , Luckose Rini
Published: April 2021

Background and Introduction:

The success of endoscopic skull base surgery is largely based on the effective repair of the skull base defect. A pedicled nasoseptal flap (NSF), described by Hadad-Bassagateguy is the workhorse of contemporary endoscopic skull base repair. We describe a modification in the technique, “double breasting technique,” using the bilateral posterior NSF for skull base repair.

Objective:

In this video article, we describe the technique of harvesting bilateral posterior nasal septal flaps and overlaying the flaps in a double breasting technique to cover the skull base defect. The posterior NSF can be used to cover medium to large skull base defects effectively.

Surgical Technique:

A 40-year-old female patient presented with headache and decreased vision for 2 months. MRI with gadolinium showed a sellar suprasellar lesion with chiasmal compression. Visual field charting showed bitemporal hemianopia. She underwent endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal surgery (binostril approach) and complete excision of tumor. Intraoperatively, there was evidence of arachnoid breach with high flow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Sella was repaired with fat, fascia, fibrin glue, and overlaid with the bilateral posterior NSF in a double breasting technique, as described in the video.

Results:

The skull base repair was successful, with no CSF leak postoperatively.
Effects of Tempol on Epileptic Activity in Picrotoxin-Induced Epilepsy in Rats
Authors: Pinar Neslihan
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease, although its etiology and pathophysiology are not yet fully understood. Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases, including epilepsy, and there have been many studies reporting that antiepileptic medicines with neuroprotective and antioxidant activity inhibit free oxygen radicals. This study evaluates the effects of tempol on epileptic activity through behavioral parameters in acute picrotoxin (Ptx) models.

Materials and Methods:

This experimental study was conducted on 42 adult male Wistar Albino rats weighing 450–500 g. Ptx (2.5 mg/kg) was injected i.p. as a single dose and observed for one hour to establish the acute Ptx model. Following injection, the animals were observed for 30 min in glass observation cages measuring 35 cm x 35 cm x 35 cm.

Results:

In picrotoxin-induced epilepsy, the total number of seizures and the total duration of seizures were decreased significantly with Ptx + tempol 100 mg/kg and Ptx + Tempol 150 mg/kg. The seizure phases were reduced significantly by Ptx + tempol 150 mg/kg (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Tempol 100 mg/kg and tempol 150 mg/kg are found to be effective in epilepsy models caused by Ptx, with tempol 150 mg/kg found especially to be more effective.
Auditory Temporal Ordering in Patients with Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with and without Hippocampal Sclerosis
Authors: Rajasekaran Aravind K , Shivashankar Nagarajarao , Sinha Sanjib , Saini Jitender , Subbakrishna Doddaballapura K , Satishchandra Parthasarathy
Published: April 2021

Context:

Temporal lobe epilepsy can affect central auditory processing (CAP) skills. Auditory temporal ordering (ATO) is a CAP skill that can be evaluated using duration pattern test (DPT).

Aim:

The aim is to evaluate ATO in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE + HS) and without hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) and in their subgroups.

Settings and Design:

It was a prospective cross-sectional behavioral observational study conducted in a tertiary neuropsychiatric hospital.

Subjects and Methods:

The subjects were patients with refractory MTLE (N = 100), comprising 50 “MTLE + HS” patients and 50 “MTLE-HS”. Age-range matched normal healthy subjects (n = 50) formed the control group. Both groups were administered duration pattern test (DPT).

Statistical Analysis Used:

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc analysis, Dunnett's two-sided and Bonferroni, paired sample t-test, Pearson's correlation, and independent t-test.

Results:

The clinical groups performed significantly poorer than the control group, and however, did not differ significantly between them. The age at onset and the duration of the seizures did not have significant relation with the test measures.

Conclusions:

Patients with “MTLE + HS” as well as those with “MTLE-HS” and their respective subgroups revealed abnormal ATO indicating CAP dysfunction.
Acute Leucoencephalopathy with Restricted Diffusion in Children – A case series
Authors: Kamate Mahesh , Detroja Mayank , Hattiholi Virupaxi
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To study the clinico-radiological profile of children with acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of children with acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion was done from July 2015 to July 2018. The clinical details, neuroimaging findings, sequelae, and the final outcome on modified Rankin Score were analyzed.

Results:

Sixteen children with a mean age of 4.4 years were diagnosed with acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion. All, except one, had fever, seizure, and altered sensorium. The median duration of hospital stay was 3 weeks. Only one out of 16, had biphasic clinical picture that is characteristic of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and restricted diffusion. Magnetic resonance imaging showed restriction diffusion in all. While it was symmetric in 13 children, in 3 children it was asymmetric, and in 2 children there was patchy involvement. Seven children (43.7%) had post-encephalopathic epilepsy. While complete neurological recovery was seen in 2 children, behavioral problems like hyperactivity in 10 (62.5%), speech problems in 8 (50%), and cognitive delay in 3 (18.8%) children were noted.

Conclusion:

Acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion is emerging as an important cause of acute encephalopathy in children with a protracted course and long-term sequelae such as cognitive impairment and refractory postencephalopathic epilepsy.