bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Residential Satisfaction of Two Unapproved Housing Schemes in Peshawar
Authors:   Asia Social Science Academy, l l , l l , l l
Published: May 2024

People seek housing to satisfy their basic needs for privacy protection and try to find an affordable house. People are attracted to an affordable housing scheme. But most affordable housing schemes do not have approval status from the concerned regulatory agency. Peshawar is among Pakistan’s most populous cities with an increasing urbanization rate. This causes increased housing demand and people only care about the affordability of the house, not to mention the approval status of the housing scheme. This study determines the comparative satisfaction of residents of two (Al-haram Model Town and Executive Lodges) unapproved housing schemes in Peshawar. the comparison is done on three bases: (i) neighborhood facilities and design, (ii) infrastructure provision, and (iii) maintenance and management. these categories are further divided into fifteen variables for insight study. A survey on close-ended questionnaires with a five-point Likert-scale ranging from strongly dissatisfied to strongly-satisfied was conducted in both housing schemes. the CATREG regression analysis was employed to determine the influence of each of the fifteen variables from both housing schemes on overall residential satisfaction. Regression analysis shows that residents of Al-haram Model Town are more satisfied than residents of Executive Lodges because of more variables of Al-haram Model Town of each category positively influence overall residential satisfaction than Executive Lodges each category variables.
RETOCOLITE ULCERATIVA: UMA REVISÃO DOS ASPECTOS ETIOPATOGÊNICOS, CLÍNICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS E TERAPÊUTICOS
Authors: Cervantes Marianna Huguenin , Almeida Amanda Helena Novaes Saldanha Ruy de , Pêsso David Oliveira , Gentil Anderson Vieira , Barreiros Brenda Souza , Cunha Gabriel Oliveira Motta da , Almeida Geovana do Nascimento , Oliveira Anna Clara de Jesus , Andrade Stella Mares Oliveira
Published: May 2024

A retocolite ulcerativa (RCU) é uma das principais doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII), juntamente com a doença de Crohn. A RCU é caracterizada por inflamação persistente da mucosa e submucosa do cólon e reto, com potencial para aumentar o risco de câncer colorretal. A incidência global de DII está aumentando, com taxas mais altas em países desenvolvidos. A RCU apresenta uma prevalência significativa em adultos jovens, com incidência similar entre homens e mulheres. A patogênese da RCU envolve fatores genéticos, ambientais e imunológicos. A resposta imune desregulada desempenha um papel importante na inflamação intestinal crônica. A apresentação clínica típica inclui diarreia sanguinolenta, urgência retal e tenesmo, com possíveis manifestações extraintestinais. O diagnóstico é confirmado por meio de história clínica, exames laboratoriais, endoscopia e biópsias. O tratamento visa alcançar remissão sintomática e endoscópica sustentável, começando com aminossalicilatos como primeira linha para casos leves a moderados. O uso prolongado de mesalazina pode reduzir o risco de câncer colorretal, mas também apresenta riscos de toxicidade renal. Corticosteroides orais são indicados em casos de resposta inadequada ao tratamento inicial, com opções como budesonida-MMX e prednisona. Em casos graves, corticosteroides intravenosos, ciclosporina e infliximabe são considerados. A terapia de manutenção inclui aminossalicilatos, imunomoduladores e terapias biológicas. A cirurgia é reservada para casos refratários ao tratamento clínico ou emergências, como hemorragia maciça e megacólon tóxico. A decisão cirúrgica é tomada por uma equipe multidisciplinar e depende das condições clínicas do paciente. Este estudo fornece uma compreensão abrangente da epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamento e considerações cirúrgicas da RCU, destacando a importância da abordagem multidisciplinar no manejo dessa condição.
A INFLUÊNCIA DO ESTADO PUERPERAL NO INFANTICÍDIO
Authors: Coelho Déborah Sousa , Costa Cezar Henrique Ferreira
Published: May 2024

Este estudo tem como finalidade analisar a relação entre o crime do infanticídio e o estado puerperal. O delito estudado tem previsão legal no art. 123 do Código Penal Brasileiro, trata-se de uma forma especial de homicídio, ou homicídio privilegiado. O objetivo foi analisar a relação entre o crime do infanticídio e o estado puerperal na determinação do delito, fazendo uma abordagem ao contexto histórico, tipo penal e uma abordagem a fatores sociais que podem influenciar para que o crime aconteça. O resultado da pesquisa mostrará que o estado puerperal é um estado discutível, pois a lei não estabelece o tempo de duração, não se tem uma definição exata, e ocorre em decorrência do puerpério que por não possuir duração determinada, não deixa sequelas e de certa forma é de difícil comprovação científica. A comprovação do estado puerperal é feita mediante perícia médica e caso seja comprovada a influência, o agente causador do delito terá uma pena abrandada. Pautada em pesquisa bibliográfica e análise da legislação vigente, bem como na doutrina e estudos publicados na internet, espera-se apreciar referido instituto diante dos planos de validade e eficácia que fazem parte do direito contratual, a fim de atingir o objetivo principal.
AMBULATÓRIO UNIVERSITÁRIO EM BELO HORIZONTE: CONCEPÇÃO E SATISFAÇÃO DOS PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS A CIRURGIAS DE PEQUENO PORTE
Authors: Dutra Letícia Cardoso , Oliveira Marcelo Gonçalves de , Cordeiro Luiza Menezes Martins , Nogueira João Flávio Lima , Freitas Letícia Assis Rodrigues
Published: May 2024

Este estudo investigou a satisfação dos pacientes em um ambulatório universitário, ressaltando sua importância como indicador da qualidade dos serviços. Apesar das preocupações com ansiedade pré-cirúrgica e infraestrutura hospitalar, os pacientes expressaram satisfação geral com o atendimento recebido. Os resultados destacam a necessidade de comunicação clara sobre procedimentos cirúrgicos e de um ambiente hospitalar acolhedor. Essas informações podem orientar melhorias contínuas nos serviços de saúde para garantir uma experiência positiva para todos os pacientes.
SÍNDROME DE SJÖGREN: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Assunção Thiago Mendes , Souza Sophia Ponciano de , Savino Anna Garcia Leal , Leal Yasmin Bacil Abreu Barbosa , Andrade Ranna Abreu Garcia
Published: May 2024

A Síndrome de Sjögren é uma doença autoimune crônica que afeta principalmente as glândulas exócrinas, como as lacrimais e salivares, causando secura significativa nos olhos e na boca (xeroftalmia e xerostomia, respectivamente). Esta síndrome pode manifestar-se isoladamente (forma primária) ou associada a outras doenças autoimunes (forma secundária), como artrite reumatoide e lúpus. Além da síndrome sicca, outros sintomas podem incluir fadiga, dor articular e complicações em órgãos internos. O diagnóstico é baseado em critérios clínicos, presença de autoanticorpos específicos e biópsia das glândulas salivares. O tratamento foca na alívio dos sintomas e na gestão da autoimunidade. Esta revisão narrativa de literatura reuniu artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos nas bases de dados PUBMED e SciELO, objetivando indicar os principais fatores de risco relacionados à Síndrome de Sjögren. Concluiu-se que os principais fatores de risco relacionados à síndrome de Sjögren incluem: gênero e idade, genética, doenças autoimunes associadas e infecções virais. Ademais, os autores deste estudo fomentam futuras pesquisas visando a abrangência de outros aspectos não mencionados acerca desta complexa doença crônica.
Observationally constrained regional variations of shortwave absorption by iron oxides emphasize the cooling effect of dust
Authors: Obiso Vincenzo , Gonçalves Ageitos María , Pérez García-Pando Carlos , Perlwitz Jan P. , Schuster Gregory L. , Bauer Susanne E. , Di Biagio Claudia , Formenti Paola , Tsigaridis Kostas , Miller Ron L.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The composition of soil dust aerosols derives from the mineral abundances in the parent soils that vary across dust source regions. Nonetheless, Earth system models (ESMs) have traditionally represented mineral dust as a globally homogeneous species. The growing interest in modeling dust mineralogy, facilitated by the recognized sensitivity of the dust climate impacts to composition, has motivated state-of-the-art ESMs to incorporate the mineral speciation of dust along with its effect upon the dust direct radiative effect (DRE). In this work, we enable the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE2.1 to calculate the shortwave (SW) DRE accounting for the regionally varying soil mineralogy. Mineral–radiation interaction at solar wavelengths is calculated according to two alternative coupling schemes: (1) external mixing of three mineral components that are optically distinguished, one of which contains embedded iron oxides; (2) a single internal mixture of all dust minerals with a dynamic fraction of iron oxides that varies regionally and temporally. We link dust absorption to the fractional mass of iron oxides based on recent chamber measurements using natural dust aerosol samples. We show that coupled mineralogy overall enhances the scattering by dust, and thus the global cooling, compared to our control run with globally uniform composition. According to the external mixing scheme, the SW DRE at the top of atmosphere (TOA) changes from −0.25 to -0.30Wm-2, corresponding to a change in the net DRE, including the longwave effect, from −0.08 to -0.12Wm-2. The cooling increase is accentuated when the internal mixing scheme is configured: the SW DRE at the TOA becomes -0.34Wm-2 with a net DRE of -0.15Wm-2. The varying composition modifies the regional distribution of single scattering albedo (SSA), whose variations in specific regions can be remarkable (above 0.03) and significantly modify the regional SW DRE. Evaluation against the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) shows that explicit representation of soil mineralogy and its regional variations reduces the low bias of model dust SSA while improving the range of variability across stations and calendar months. Despite these improvements, the moderate spatiotemporal correlation with AERONET reveals remaining modeling challenges and the need for more accurate measurements of mineral fractions in soils.
Environmental controls on the distribution of brGDGTs and brGMGTs across the Seine River basin (NW France): implications for bacterial tetraethers as a proxy for riverine runoff
Authors: Zhang Zhe-Xuan , Parlanti Edith , Anquetil Christelle , Morelle Jérôme , Laverman Anniet M. , Thibault Alexandre , Bou Elisa , Huguet Arnaud
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are bacterial lipids that have been widely used as environmental proxies in continental paleorecords. Another group of related lipids, branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGMGTs), has recently been proposed as a potential paleotemperature proxy. Nevertheless, the sources and environmental dependencies of both brGDGTs and brGMGTs along the river–sea continuum are still poorly understood, complicating their application as paleoenvironmental proxies in some aquatic settings. In this study, the sources of brGDGTs and brGMGTs and the potential factors controlling their distributions are explored across the Seine River basin (NW France), which encompasses the freshwater-to-seawater continuum. BrGDGTs and brGMGTs were analyzed in soils, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediments (n=237) collected along the land–sea continuum of the Seine basin. Both types of compounds (i.e., brGDGTs and brGMGTs) are shown to be produced in situ, in freshwater and saltwater, based on their high concentrations and distinct distributions in aquatic settings (SPM and sediments) vs. soils. Redundancy analysis further shows that both salinity and nitrogen dominantly control the brGDGT distributions. Furthermore, the relative abundance of 6-methyl vs. that of 5-methyl brGDGTs (the IR6Me ratio), the total nitrogen (TN), the δ15N, and the chlorophyll a concentration co-vary in a specific geographical zone with low salinity, suggesting that 6-methyl brGDGTs are preferentially produced under low-salinity and high-productivity conditions. In contrast to brGDGTs, the brGMGT distribution appears to be primarily regulated by salinity, with a distinct influence on the individual homologues. Salinity is positively correlated with homologues H1020a and H1020b and negatively correlated with compounds H1020c and H1034b in SPM. This suggests that bacteria living in freshwater preferentially produce compounds H1020c and H1034b, whereas bacteria that primarily grow in saltwater appear to be predominantly responsible for the production of homologues H1020a and H1020b. Based on the abundance ratio of the freshwater-derived compounds (H1020c and H1034b) vs. their saltwater-derived homologues (H1020a and H1020b), a novel proxy, the Riverine IndeX (RIX), is proposed to trace riverine organic matter inputs, with high values (>0.5) indicating a higher riverine contribution. We successfully applied RIX to the Godavari River basin (India) and a paleorecord across the upper Paleocene and lower Eocene from the Arctic Coring Expedition at Lomonosov Ridge, showing its potential applicability to both modern samples and paleorecords.
Changes in snow avalanche activity in response to climate warming in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Mayer Stephanie , Hendrick Martin , Michel Adrien , Richter Bettina , Schweizer Jürg , Wernli Heini , van Herwijnen Alec
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The cryosphere in mountain regions is rapidly transforming due to climate warming, yet the impact of these changes on snow avalanche activity remains uncertain. Here, we use a snow cover model driven by downscaled climate projections to evaluate future alterations in dry- and wet-snow avalanche occurrences throughout the 21st century in the Swiss Alps. We assess avalanche activity by employing machine learning models trained with observed records of avalanches. Our findings indicate an overall decline in the occurrence of dry-snow avalanches during the months December to May that is partially compensated by an increase in wet-snow avalanche activity. Depending on elevation and the emission scenario considered, we anticipate a net reduction in total avalanche activity ranging from under 10 % to as much as 60 % by the end of the century. Projections further reveal a shift of wet-snow avalanche activity to earlier winter months. Analysis of changes in prominent snow grain types offers a coherent explanation of projected changes beyond a mere decrease in snow depth and snow cover duration. Overall, our study quantifies for the first time the significant influence of climate change on snow avalanche activity in the Swiss Alps and may serve as a benchmark for further mountain regions with similar avalanche climates.
Influence of building collapse on pluvial and fluvial flood inundation of metro stations in central Shanghai
Authors: Li Zhi , Li Hanqi , Zhang Zhibo , Dai Chaomeng , Jiang Simin
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Urban flooding poses a significant threat to vulnerable underground infrastructure systems, such as metro stations. Building collapses induced by earthquakes alters urban building layout and coverage, consequently influencing flood inundation and propagation patterns. This study employs GPU-accelerated hydrodynamic simulation to investigate the mechanisms by which building collapse affects subsequent pluvial or fluvial flooding in the Huangpu district of Shanghai. Massive building collapse layouts are randomly generated, on which hydrodynamic simulations are performed and the inundation process of the metro stations are analyzed. The results reveal that pluvial floods are strongly influenced by localized topography distributed across the city. Consequently, building collapse has a more substantial impact on pluvial flooding when more buildings are collapsed. In contrast, fluvial floods are sensitive to the source location (e.g., location of levee breach) and the long travel route. Building collapse can either positively or negatively influence fluvial flooding by constricting or blocking the flow path. This work highlights the complex mechanism of earthquake-flood multi-hazard processes, emphasizing the importance of performing local-to-local analysis when both the hazard (e.g., individual building collapse, fluvial flood) and the hazard-bearing body (e.g., metro station) are localized. To better serve urban disaster prevention and mitigation, more efforts should be directed on developing physics-based high-resolution urban earthquake-flood simulation methods, as well as on acquiring data to drive such simulations.
Assessment of the southern polar and subpolar warming in the PMIP4 Last Interglacial simulations using paleoclimate data syntheses
Authors: Gao Qinggang , Capron Emilie , Sime Louise C. , Rhodes Rachael H. , Sivankutty Rahul , Zhang Xu , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Werner Martin
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Given relatively abundant paleo proxies, the study of the Last Interglacial (LIG, ~129-116 thousand years ago, ka) is valuable to understanding natural variability and feedback in a warmer-than-preindustrial climate. The Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 4 (PMIP4) coordinated LIG model simulations which focus on 127 ka. Here we evaluate 12 PMIP4 127-ka Tier 1 model simulations against four recent paleoclimate syntheses of LIG sea and air temperatures and sea ice concentrations. The four syntheses include 99 reconstructions and show considerable variations, some but not all of which are attributable to the different sites included in each synthesis. All syntheses support the presence of a warmer Southern Ocean, with reduced sea ice, and a warmer Antarctica at 127 ka compared to the preindustrial. The PMIP4 127-ka Tier 1 simulations, forced solely by orbital parameters and greenhouse gas concentrations, do not capture the magnitude of this warming. Here we follow up on previous work that suggests the importance of preceding deglaciation meltwater release into the North Atlantic. We run a 3000-year 128-ka simulation using HadCM3 with a 0.25 Sv North Atlantic freshwater hosing, which approximates the PMIP4 127-ka Tier 2 H11 (Heinrich event 11) simulation. The hosed 128-ka HadCM3 simulation captures much of the warming and sea ice loss shown in the four data syntheses at 127 ka relative to preindustrial: south of 40° S, modelled annual sea surface temperature (SST) rises by 1.3±0.6 °C, while reconstructed average anomalies range from 2.2 °C to 2.7 °C; modelled summer SST increases by 1.1±0.7 °C, close to 1.2–2.2 °C reconstructed average anomalies; September sea ice area (SIA) reduces by 40 %, similar to reconstructed 40 % reduction of sea ice concentration (SIC); over the Antarctic ice sheet, modelled annual surface air temperature (SAT) increases by 2.6±0.4 °C, even larger than reconstructed average anomalies 2.2 °C. Our results suggest that the impacts of deglaciation ice sheet meltwater need to be considered to simulate the Southern Ocean and Antarctic changes at 127 ka.
NEIVAv1.0: Next-generation Emissions InVentory expansion of Akagi et al. version 1.0
Authors: Binte Shahid Samiha , Lacey Forrest G. , Wiedinmyer Christine , Yokelson Robert J. , Barsanti Kelley C.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Accurate representation of fire emissions is critical for modeling the in-plume, near-source, and remote effects of biomass burning (BB) on atmospheric composition, air quality, and climate. In recent years application of advanced instrumentation has significantly improved knowledge of the compounds emitted from fires, which coupled with a large number of recent laboratory and field campaigns, has facilitated the emergence of new emission factor (EF) compilations. The Next-generation Emissions InVentory expansion of Akagi (NEIVA) version 1.0 is one such compilation in which the EFs for 14 globally-relevant fuel and fire types have been updated to include data from recent studies, with a focus on gaseous non-methane organic compounds (NMOC_g). The data are stored in a series of connected tables that facilitate flexible querying from the individual study level to recommended averages of all laboratory and field data by fire type. The querying features are enabled by assignment of unique identifiers to all compounds and constituents, including 1000s of NMOC_g. NEIVA also includes chemical and physical property data and model surrogate assignments for three widely-used chemical mechanisms for each NMOC_g. NEIVA EF datasets are compared with recent publications and other EF compilations at the individual compound level and in the context of overall volatility distributions and hydroxyl reactivity (OHR) estimates. The NMOC_g in NEIVA include ~4–8 times more compounds with improved representation of intermediate volatility organic compounds resulting in much lower overall volatility (lowest volatility bin shifted by as much as three orders of magnitude) and significantly higher OHR (up to 90 %) than other compilations. These updates can strongly impact model predictions of the effects of BB on atmospheric composition and chemistry.
Changes in Arctic Ocean plankton community structure and trophic dynamics on seasonal to interannual timescales
Authors: Negrete-García Gabriela , Luo Jessica Y. , Petrik Colleen M. , Manizza Manfredi , Barton Andrew D.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The Arctic Ocean experiences significant seasonal to interannual environmental changes, including in temperature, light, sea ice, and surface nutrient concentrations, that influence the dynamics of marine plankton populations. Here, we use a hindcast simulation (1948–2009) of size-structured Arctic Ocean plankton communities, ocean circulation, and biogeochemical cycles in order to better understand how seasonal to interannual changes in the environment influence phytoplankton physiology, plankton community structure, trophic dynamics, and fish production in the Arctic Ocean. The growth of model phytoplankton was primarily limited in winter, spring, and fall by light, but in summer, the growth of smaller and larger phytoplankton was mostly limited by temperature and nutrient availability, respectively. The dominant trophic pathway in summer was from phytoplankton to herbivorous zooplankton, such that the average trophic position of model zooplankton was lower in the summer growing season compared with the rest of the year. On interannual timescales, changes in plankton community composition were strongly tied to interannual changes in bottom-up forcing by the environment. In the summer, in years with lower ice and warmer temperatures, the biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton was higher, the size abundance relationship slopes were more negative (indicative of a phytoplankton community enriched in smaller phytoplankton), zooplankton had higher mean trophic position (indicative of greater carnivory), and potential fisheries production was greater, fueled by increased mesozooplankton biomass and flux of organic matter to the benthos. The summertime shift toward greater carnivory in warmer and low-ice years was due primarily to changes in phenology, with phytoplankton and microzoopankton blooms occurring approximately one month earlier in these conditions, and carnivorous zooplankton increasing in abundance during summer. The model provides a spatially and temporally complete overview of changes in plankton communities in the Arctic Ocean occurring on seasonal to interannual timescales, and provides insights on the mechanisms underlying these changes as well as their broader biogeochemical and ecosystems significance.
Assessing downscaling techniques for frequency analysis, total precipitation and rainy day estimation in CMIP6 simulations over hydrological years
Authors: Jimenez David A. , Menapace Andrea , Zanfei Ariele , Pinto Eber José de Andrade , Brentan Bruno
Published: May 2024

Abstract. General circulation models generate climate simulations on grids with resolutions ranging from 50 to 600 km. The resulting coarse spatial resolution of the model outcomes requires post-processing routines to ensure reliable climate information for practical studies, prompting the widespread application of downscaling techniques. However, assessing the effectiveness of multiple downscaling techniques is essential, as their accuracy varies depending on the objectives of the analysis and the characteristics of the case study. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the performance of downscaling the daily precipitation series in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (MRBH), Brazil, with the final scope of performing frequency analyses and estimating total precipitation and the number of rainy days per hydrological year at both annual and multiannual levels. To develop this study, 78 climate model simulations with a horizontal resolution of 100 km, which participated in the SSP1-2.6 and/or SSP5-8.5 scenarios of CMIP6, are employed. The results highlight that adjusting the simulations from the general circulation models by the delta method, quantile mapping and regression trees produces accurate results for estimating the total precipitation and number of rainy days. Finally, it is noted that employing downscaled precipitation series through quantile mapping and regression trees also yields promising results in terms of the frequency analyses.
Debris cover effects on energy and mass balance of Batura Glacier in the Karakoram over the past 20 years
Authors: Zhu Yu , Liu Shiyin , Brock Ben W. , Tian Lide , Yi Ying , Xie Fuming , Shangguan Donghui , Shen Yiyuan
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The influence of supraglacial debris cover on glacier mass balance in the Karakoram is noteworthy. However, understanding of how debris cover affects the seasonal and long-term variations in glacier mass balance through alterations in the glacier's energy budget is incomplete. The present study coupled an energy–mass balance model with heat conduction within debris layers on debris-covered Batura Glacier in Hunza Valley to demonstrate the influence of debris cover on glacial surface energy and mass exchanges during 2000–2020. The mass balance of Batura Glacier is estimated to be -0.262±0.561 m w.e. yr−1, with debris cover accounting for a 45 % reduction in the negative mass balance. Due to the presence of debris cover, a significant portion of incoming energy is utilized for heating debris, leading to a large energy emission to the atmosphere via thermal radiation and turbulent sensible heat. This, in turn, reduces the melt latent heat energy at the glacier surface. We found that the mass balance exhibits a pronounced arch-shaped structure along the elevation gradient, which is associated with the distribution of debris thickness and the increasing impact of debris cover on the energy budget with decreasing elevation. Through a comprehensive analysis of the energy transfer within each debris layer, we have demonstrated that the primary impact of debris cover lies in its ability to modify the energy flux reaching the surface of the glacier. Thicker debris cover results in a smaller temperature gradient within debris layers, consequently reducing energy reaching the debris–ice interface. Over the past 2 decades, Batura Glacier has exhibited a trend towards less negative mass balance, likely linked to a decrease in air temperature and reduced ablation in areas with thin or sparse debris cover.
Welding residual stress analysis of the X80 pipeline: simulation and validation
Authors: Huang Zhao , Li Jinsong , Wang Lei , Lei Lei , Huang Xiaoguang , Yin Zhiming
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In this work, a finite-element welding model of the X80 pipeline is established, and the residual stress is calculated using a direct thermal–mechanical coupling method through the User Material (UMAT) subroutine of the double-ellipsoid moving heat source. The effects of process parameters on the welding residual stress of the X80 pipelines are discussed. The ultrasonic longitudinal critical refraction (LCR) wave-detecting method is adopted to verify the simulation results. The results show that the residual stress at the inner surface is higher than that at the outer surface, and the peak Mises stress at the welding seam approaches the yield stress. With the increase in welding groove angle and heat input, the peak Mises stress increases at the inner surface and decreases at the outer surface, but the high-stress zone at the outer surface broadens. The residual stresses at the outer surface are more sensitive to the welding parameters. The comparison between the simulated results and ultrasonic LCR detection indicates that the finite-element method is feasible, and the simulation results are credible.
Smells Like Teen Exploitation
Authors: Wilson Erica
Published: May 2024

The naked baby on the band Nirvana’s popular album, Nevermind, who is now in his thirties, sued Nirvana and other associated individuals in 2022 on the grounds that the cover of the album depicted child pornography. This note examines the validity of the lawsuit, as well as how “going viral” around the world can affect children, even before the Internet and social media. However, this note specifically assesses how social media can be detrimental on children and their development, especially when those children are social media influencers. Additionally, this note will discuss the current online privacy laws and how they can be improved to better protect one of our society’s most vulnerable population demographics.
The School and the State: A problematic relationship in Michael Oakeshott’s philosophy of education
Authors: Williams Kevin
Published: May 2024

This essay considers a problem with Oakeshott’s theory of civil society, namely, its impotence to support the robust form of education necessary to sustain civil association, which is one of the underlying postulates of his theory of political life. This reflects the significant disconnect between Oakeshott’s political philosophy in On Human Conduct and his philosophy of education. Central to this philosophy is the cultivation of individuality. This character trait is required to enjoy a fulfilling life and to participate in civil association. The primary thesis of this essay is that the state must provide the resources to allow the poor the opportunity to acquire and exercise their individuality. The secondary thesis is that the extent to which such intervention is realistic or appropriate should not be exaggerated.
Efficacy of serum leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein in predicting findings of Crohn’s disease small bowel lesion in capsule endoscopy
Authors: Omori Teppei , Koroku Miki , Murasugi Shun , Ito Ayumi , Yonezawa Maria , Nakamura Shinichi , Tokushige Katsutoshi
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims: Small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is an evaluation method for small bowel (SB) lesions in Crohn’s disease (CD). However, the relationship between SBCE findings and the serological biomarker leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (LRG) remains unclear. We aimed to establish appropriate cutoff values of LRG to predict the presence of SB lesions in CD through SBCE.Methods: Patients with CD with SB lesions who had undergone SBCE and LRG measurements 1 month before and after the SBCE were included. The LRG values for ulcers ≥0.5 cm and other inflammatory lesions noted in SBCE were determined using the Youden Index, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Additionally, the correlation between the SBCE scores (CD Activity in Capsule Endoscopy) and LRG values was evaluated.Results: Forty patients without active colorectal lesions were included in the study. When the cutoff value of LRG for SB ulcers ≥ 0.5 cm was set at 14 μg/mL, the sensitivity was 92.3%, specificity was 81.5%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 70.6%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 95.7%. In contrast, an LRG cutoff value of 12 μg/mL without inflammatory findings had a sensitivity of 91.7%, specificity of 82.1%, PPV of 68.8%, and NPV of 95.8%. CD Activity in Capsule Endoscopy correlated well with LRG values (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient ρ = 0.681, P< 0.001).Conclusions: An LRG cutoff value of 14 μg/mL may be useful in predicting the presence of SB ulcers ≥ 0.5 cm, and an LRG cutoff value of 12 μg/mL may be useful in predicting the absence of SB inflammatory findings.
Defining management strategies for acute severe ulcerative colitis using predictive models: a simulation-modeling study
Authors: Con Danny , De Cruz Peter
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims: Robust management algorithms are required to reduce the residual risk of colectomy in acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) refractory to standard infliximab salvage therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and benefits of alternative ASUC management strategies using simulated prediction models of varying accuracy.Methods: This was a simulation-based modeling study using a hypothetical cohort of 5,000 steroid-refractory ASUC patients receiving standard infliximab induction. Simulated predictive models were used to risk-stratify patients and escalate treatment in patients at high risk of failing standard infliximab induction. The main outcome of interest was colectomy by 3 months.Results: The 3-month colectomy rate in the base scenario where all 5,000 patients received standard infliximab induction was 23%. The best-performing management strategy assigned high-risk patients to sequential Janus kinase inhibitor inhibition and mediumrisk patients to accelerated infliximab induction. Using a 90% area under the curve (AUC) prediction model and optimistic treatment efficacy assumptions, this strategy reduced the 3-month colectomy rate to 8% (65% residual risk reduction). Using an 80% AUC prediction model with only modest treatment efficacy assumptions, the 3-month colectomy rate was reduced to 15% (35% residual risk reduction). Overall management strategy efficacy was highly dependent on predictive model accuracy and underlying treatment efficacy assumptions.Conclusions: This is the first study to simulate predictive model-based management strategies in steroid-refractory ASUC and evaluate their effect on short-term colectomy rates. Future studies on predictive model development should incorporate simulation studies to better understand their expected benefit.
Investigation of the Relationship Between School Principals' Toxic Leadership Behaviors and Teachers' Perceptions of Organizational Gossip
Authors: Doğan Ümit , Aslan Hüseyin
Published: May 2024

This research investigated the relationship between school principals' toxic leadership behaviors and teachers' perceptions of organizational gossip using the relational screening model. The sample consisted of 276 teachers selected through a simple random sampling method from public schools in Sakarya province. The Toxic Leadership Scale and Organizational Gossip Perceptions Scale served as data collection tools. Data analysis revealed that teachers' perceptions of toxic leadership and organizational gossip did not statistically differ based on gender or professional seniority. However, perceptions varied according to the school type in which they worked. The study found a positive relationship between teachers' perceptions of school principals' toxic leadership behaviors and levels of organizational gossip. Toxic leadership is a significant predictor of organizational gossip. The findings underscore the need for more research on the relationship between toxic leadership and organizational gossip, emphasizing the importance of reinforcing these results with qualitative studies.
Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of Homework Management, Teacher and Parent Involvement Scales for Middle Schoolers in Turkey
Authors: Avcı Süleyman , Özgenel Mustafa
Published: May 2024

The aim of this research is to adapt the scales "Homework Management, Homework Effort, Teacher Homework Involvement, Teacher Feedback and Parental Homework Support" into Turkish. The research data were collected from 1,698 secondary school students in grades 5 to 8. The sample was divided into four subgroups and explanatory factor analysis was conducted on two groups and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on two groups. Concurrent validity analyses were carried out on all students. Data were collected from students studying in 24 classes of six different secondary schools in the Maltepe, Kartal and Pendik regions of Istanbul. 49.12% of this group of students are girls and 50.88% are boys, and the mean age of the participants is 11.84 years. In addition to the scales adapted to the Turkish language, homework behavior (homework completion, time spent on homework, going to school without homework) and academic achievement were measured for concurrent validity. The results of the EFA and CFA analyses were similar to the original scales for all scales. These findings regarding the number of sub-dimensions, the placement of scale items within these sub-dimensions, and the concurrent validity scores indicate that the Turkish versions of the five scales are valid and reliable for assessing mathematics homework at the secondary school level.
PENDAMPINGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN UNTUK MAHASISWA DAN PENGEMBANGAN DIGITAL MARKETING DI KECAMATAN CIAWI
Authors: Maesaroh Imas , Ginting Ginta , Pujiwati Ami , Hidayah Zainur , Sylvana Andi , Lestari Pujiastuti Sri , Nasoha Mohamad , Sunarsih Nenah , Irmawaty  , Subekti Rini , Ria Viana Praningtya Elisabeth , Andriyansah Andriyansah
Published: May 2024

The urgency of this activity is to promote student products so that the products can be femilar in the market. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide assistance starting from management, packaging to marketing (promotion with digital marketing) applying economic analysis using BMC (Bussines Model Canvas) BMC is very helpful to speed up the process of analysing business strengths and weaknesses. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses, the analysis of needs and profits can be done quickly and effectively. The partner in this activity is "For You", a form of MSME business that offers various gifts. The method of implementation is Preparation for Determination of PkM locations, then the team conducts Introductions by coordinating and consulidating with Gift Shop partners "For You". Furthermore, conducting counselling and mentoring Production and marketing operations Implementation of production activities Business training on Social Media Gift Shop "For You" Participants who are active in this activity are 6 people The results of its implementation are able to use digital marketing technology to market their gift products using digital marketing using mass media, seen the number of visitors who see the products displayed by partners on their social media accounts
The Sequential estimation of generalized linear model coefficients
Authors: Labriji Ali , Msellek Safae , Bennar Abdelkrim
Published: May 2024

Generalized LinearModels (GLM) allows us to model the relationship between a response variable and one or more predictor variables while taking into account the distribution of the response variable. It is a useful tool for modeling data that do not follow a normal distribution and can be applied to a wide range of data types and problem settings. As data becomes increasingly relevant in our daily lives, the use of these models is becoming more important. However, this increase in importance also implies an increase in the complexity of estimation due to the volume of data that must be processed. In contrast, when dealing with laboratory experiments or other situations, we may have limited observations making it challenging to obtain robust estimates. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a simple and efficient method for estimating the coefficients of GLM and provides mathematical proof for the almost sure convergence of this method towards the desired solution. The proposed method is also validated on real-world data, reinforcing its utility and effectiveness.
THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN FOOD ANIMALS – A THREAT TO HUMAN HEALTH
Authors:   Medical College, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria., Yordanova Rozalina , Platikanova Magdalena ,   Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Microbiology, Parasitology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria., Hristova Petya ,   Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Microbiology, Parasitology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
Published: May 2024

Background: Antibiotics are widely used in food animals to prevent disease, promote growth and maintain productivity. Modern animal production practices involve regular use of antimicrobials, but abusive use can lead to harmful consequences. The aim of this review was to provide comprehensive information regarding the risk of regular application of antibiotics in food animals, the potential consequences and impact on human health, and options for the prevention of antibiotic resistance in the food chain. Review Results: Although organizations such as WHO, UN, and EU have taken steps to reduce and limit the use of antibiotics in animals, these are proving insufficient in developing countries. In many countries, the antibiotics used in animals appear to exceed that in humans. The abuse in food animals promotes the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes that can be transmitted to humans through food consumption and direct contact with animal food or environment mechanisms. This can lead to human infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, causing treatment failure and, therefore, more severe and longer-lasting illnesses, increased hospitalization rates, more deaths and higher costs to society. Furthermore, as food animals and animal-derived foods are traded globally, they contribute to antibiotic resistance in countries far from where the problem originates. Conclusion: Overcoming the problem of antibiotic resistance requires a multidisciplinary approach with effective action coordination and information exchange between the agricultural, food, veterinary and health sectors. Through international cooperation, efforts should focus on reducing unnecessary antibiotics use and reducing the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but national-level action on antibiotic resistance and food safety is also essential.
Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells therapy for cerebral infarction in animal model: A meta-analysis
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan’an University, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, China., Zhang Mijuan
Published: May 2024

Aim: Cerebral infarction (CI) is a serious cerebrovascular infarction disease. In recent years, the use of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) has received attention as a new alternative for treating CI in animal model. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy and safety of hUCB-MSCs, using as a treatment in improving functional recovery of CI in animal model. Methods: Electronic databases through July 5, 2023 were searched to identify relevant studies that controlled hUCB-MSCs treatment studies focusing on CI in animal model. We independently selected and assessed the relevant studies. Results: 27 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. Compared with control group, significant beneficial effects were observed in hUCB-MSCs group regarding the neurological deficit scores (mean difference [MD]: −1.57, 95% confidential interval [CI]: −2.06, −1.08, P<0.00001), infarct size (MD: −2.82, 95% CI: −4.14, −1.49, P<0.0001).
Acute ischemic stroke in a caucasian male with long chiari network, interatrial septal aneurysm and patent foramen ovale: A case report
Authors:   St. Luke’s Medical Center, Institute for Neurosciences, 279 E Rodriguez Sr. Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines., Pauline C Co Alyssa
Published: May 2024

A 49-year-old Caucasian male, left-handed, with no known comorbidities, working as a middle school teacher, presented to the emergency room with a sudden-onset left hand weakness described as difficulty gripping with no other associated symptoms. A non-smoker, non-alcoholic beverage drinker, with no illicit drug use. There was no significant history of any neurological disease in the family background but his father has a history of interatrial septal aneurysm. Physical, cardiologic and neurologic examination at the emergency department were unremarkable aside from the weakness on his left hand and a mild sensory deficit on the left upper extremity. A cranial magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance angiography was done which showed a hyperacute infarct in the right frontal lobe, with paucity of vessels and attenuation of flow-related signals in the M4 perforators of the right middle cerebral artery and contour irregularities along the intradural segment of the right vertebral artery relating to atherosclerotic changes (Figure 1). Patient was given a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator since he came in at the 3rd hour post-ictus. Laboratory tests done at the emergency department showed normal complete blood count, routine blood chemistry, A further work-up was done which showed a slightly elevated LDL on Lipid profile, and other parameters within normal limit.
Paediatric thoracic actinomycosis presenting as back swelling: A case report
Authors:   Department of Infectious disease and Immunology, Children Health Ireland Crumlin and Temple Street hospitals, Dublin, Ireland, Foley Deirdre
Published: May 2024

Presentation: A seven years old girl presented with a three-day history of cough and fever, and several weeks of back pain, anorexia and weight loss. Examination was significant only for a tender, non-erythematous swelling to the right mid-back measuring ten centimetres in length. Diagnosis and treatment: Investigations on admission included neutrophilia and elevated inflammatory markers. Chest radiograph demonstrated a confluent area of opacification within the right peripheral lower zone with a small pleural effusion. CT reported two large enhancing and infiltrative lesions in the right thorax and the right posterior lower ribs, and disseminated lymphadenopathy. Microbiology and histology of a tissue sample were conclusive for actinomycosis israelii. She had a full recovery following a nine month course of oral amoxicillin. Discussion: Invasive actinomycosis is rare, and a high clinical suspicion and thorough investigation is warranted with invasive pneumonia and atypical associated symptoms. Keywords: Actinomycosis; Pneumonia; Chest wall mass; non-accidental injury.
The original nerve of a greater occipital nerve schwannoma causing occipital neuralgia identified with magnetic resonance neurography
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery, Minami Wakayama Medical Center 27-1, Takinai-machi, Tanabe-shi, Wakayama, ZIP 646-8558, Japan., Ozaki Mitsunori
Published: May 2024

Schwannomas are benign tumors arising from Schwann cells in the peripheral nerve and rarely develop at suboccipital area. We report a case of a greater occipital nerve schwannoma causing occipital neuralgia. The original nerve of the schwannoma was identified with Magnetic Resonance (MR) neurography. A sixty-something male patient was admitted for a suboccipital mass. Physical examination revealed an about 4 cm beaded masses subcutaneously at suboccipital area. MR imaging showed that the lesions were not suppressed on 3 dimensional T2 weighting with fat suppression. Three dimensional fusion images (3 dimensional T2 weighting with fat suppression and 3-dimensional computed tomography) clearly revealed the original nerve of the lesions. The patient underwent a complete excision on the tumor. Histopathological examination diagnosed it as a schwannoma. The MR neurography findings contributed to preoperatively diagnose the tumors as a greater occipital nerve schwannoma.