bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 y comorbilidad en enfermería: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Oyola-Canto María , Ricra-Echevarría Carmen , Girón-Mendoza Yeni , Yarasca-Quispe Vilma , Torres-Figueroa Hilda , Aldana-Contreras Carlos
Published: August 2021

Caso clínico sobre la aplicación del proceso enfermero en un paciente con comorbilidad (hipertensión arterial, obesidad y diabetes mellitus) y COVID-19, enfocado al modelo metodológico conceptual de Virginia Henderson vinculado al lenguaje estandarizado de la taxonomía NANDA, NOC y NIC. La fnalidad del caso clínico es visibilizar el cuidado de enfermería, enfatizando la importancia de desarrollar un plan de cuidado enfocado en las respuestas humanas y las necesidades individuales del paciente, utilizando la metodología científca, generando conocimiento y cuidado de calidad. Su evidencia en un escenario clínico real nos permite poner de manifesto la problemática que enfrenta el personal de enfermería en esta pandemia. Podemos concluir que el abordaje de los cuidados enfermeros en patologías complejas requiere de trabajo integrado y holístico, siendo necesario utilizar modelos metodológicos conceptuales para lograr los resultados deseados. El caso pretende estandarizar el lenguaje enfermero a través del plan de cuidado, proporcionando un marco de referencia para la práctica clínica.
A Guide to the California Immunization Registry and Its Use to Enhance the Delivery of Immunization Services
Authors: Bach Albert , Goad Jeffrey , Nickell Stephen
Published: August 2021

Pharmacists in California are assuming a greater role as independent providers of immunizations for children and adults under Senate Bill 493 (SB 493). One of the requirements for pharmacists as independent providers of immunizations in California is that they must report their administered doses to the California immunization registry system (CAIR). The National Vaccine Advisory Committee Standards for Immunization Practice also supports this practice by recommending that all immunizing providers report vaccinations to their local and state immunization information systems (IIS). This document presents background and specific features of CAIR; best practice recommendations for the use of IIS lookup, forecasting, follow-up, and recall; and documentation features to enhance the delivery of immunization services.
Material Constitutive Models for Engineered Cementitious Composites
Authors: Dinkha Youkhanna , Haido James
Published: August 2021

The necessity for realistic constitutive models that represent ECC's behavior under load grows as research in ECC progresses from material creation to structural applications. Constitutive models of ECC can be used to simulate structural responses when paired with the finite element approach. These simulations are helpful in gaining a better understanding of how ECC's unique features, such as tensile ductility and fracture width controlling, may be translated into enhanced structural performance. In this work, phenomenological models for 1D are presented which includes the constitutive models for plain ECC under tension compression, as well as reinforced beams behavior under bending. The models given lay the groundwork for more growth in this subject, which is desperately needed. as result, monotonic loading applications for specific structures showed their variety, weaknesses were also found. These include the tendency to predict a tougher and stronger structural reaction than experimental findings. This is because the multiple cracks can only deform in the opening mode, but not in the sliding mode.
The Moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica Linnaeus, 1758 (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae), in Albania
Authors: Szabolcs Márton , Mizsei Edvárd , Golemaj Aleksander , Jablonski Daniel
Published: August 2021

We summarised the records ofTarentola mauritanicain Albania. The first record for the country was published in 1989 from Sazan Island; however, it was never confirmed again. Another population was found recently in an urban habitat of Vlorë City near the main city port, probably of human-mediated origin.
Validated UHPLC-HRMS method for simultaneous quantification of flavonoid contents in the aerial parts of Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. (wild spinach)
Authors: Kokanova-Nedialkova Zlatina , Nedialkov Paraskev
Published: August 2021

A UHPLC-HRMS method for simultaneous quantification of flavonoid contents in the aerial parts of Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. was developed and validated. The amount of 12 detected flavonoids was calculated relative to external standard hyperoside. The calibration curve of hyperoside showed very good linear regressions and the correlation coefficient was R2 > 0.9979. The limits of detection and quantitation limits were 0.39 ng/mL and 1.17 ng/mL, respectively. The UHPLC-HRMS method showed acceptable accuracy. At three different concentrations the recoveries of hyperoside ranging from 99.63% to 100.70% with RSD from 1.58% to 2.31%. The intra-day and inter-day precision were determined by analyzing the retention times and recovery of the external standard. The glycosides of spinacetin and patulenin (1) were the predominant compounds in the wild spinach which contents ranging from 1.79 to 4.41 mg g-1 D.W., calculated as hyperoside. The total amount of flavonoids was found to be 15.12 mg g-1 D.W.
Les fonctions sociales de l’économie politique sous le Second Empire : l’exemple des conférences populaires de Vincennes
Authors: Mann Joseph
Published: August 2021

Les conférences populaires de Vincennes, créées à l’initiative de Napoléon III en 1866, s’adressent à un public composé d’ouvriers en convalescence à l’Asile Impérial de Vincennes. Cette expérience dans un cadre hospitalier permet de saisir les fonctions sociales assignées à l’enseignement populaire de l’économie politique sous le Second Empire. L’économie politique tient en effet une place centrale dans ces conférences. Leur étude fournit de précieuses indications sur la culture politique que les conférenciers diffusent auprès des ouvriers. Les questions de propriété, de salaire, de machinisme, ou encore celle de l’inégalité des conditions sociales sont traitées et résolues sous le prisme de la pensée libérale. Du point de vue institutionnel, l’histoire de l’organisation de ces conférences renseigne sur les motivations gouvernementales qui président à sa création. Elles illustrent enfin l’alliance opérée par le Second Empire avec les libéraux depuis le traité Cobden-Chevalier.
Donner forme au peuple. Principe majoritaire et multitude chez Hobbes et Bentham
Authors: Lorrain Ludmilla
Published: August 2021

Entre l’œuvre de Hobbes et celle de Bentham, la proximité conceptuelle est grande : l’un et l’autre semblent réfléchir depuis un vocabulaire partagé. Suivre cette proximité conduit notamment à révéler l’importance, dans leurs théories politiques respectives, de la règle de majorité, déterminante dans le processus qui permet de constituer le peuple. Hobbes transforme l’accord majoritaire à l’entrée en société en unanimité proclamée, tandis que Bentham fait de la règle de majorité l’outil permettant de donner une consistance immanente à l’unité du peuple. L’usage qu’ils font de la règle de majorité permet ainsi de préciser les rapports que chacun conçoit entre peuple et multitude et, de là, de concevoir une voie anglo-saxonne de penser positivement la multitude.
Mental Health Consequences of Human Trafficking
Authors: Banu Sophia , Saunders John , Conner Cynthia , Blassingame Jonathan , Shah Asim A.
Published: August 2021

Human trafficking (HT) has been described as modern-day slavery. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime defines HT as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of people through force, fraud, or deception, with the aim of exploiting them for profit. Men, women, and children of all ages and from all backgrounds can become victims of this crime worldwide. The traffickers often use violence or fraudulent employment agencies and fake promises of education and job opportunities to trick and coerce their victims. This article mainly focuses on the devastating mental health consequences of trafficked individuals. Unfortunately, the number of people, including children, being trafficked has risen exponentially, within countries and across borders universally. This alarming worldwide increase is fueled by multiple factors, including an increase in organized crime; however, multiple agencies and governments are working hard to combat this terrible plague.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2021;51(8):369–372.]
Evaluation of Nursing Students' Experiences in an Interprofessional Simulated Disaster Exercise
Authors: Innis Jennifer , Mack Kimberley
Published: August 2021

Background:

Disaster simulation exercises provide a unique opportunity for nursing students to experience interprofessional collaboration. The limited study of interprofessional education using disaster simulation has focused on two to three health disciplines. In reality, teams comprise members from multiple disciplines in health care and emergency management.

Method:

A simulated disaster was held at a community college in Toronto, Canada. A total of 121 nursing students participated in the event, alongside students and providers from six health care and emergency management professions. A survey was used to evaluate nursing students' experiences.

Results:

Nursing students (
n
= 78) reported a high level of satisfaction, and 90% reported the simulation demonstrated the importance of inter-professional practice. Two themes arose from participants' comments: communicating with patients and collaborating with health care and emergency management providers.

Conclusion:

There is a need for follow-up to evaluate the impact of this event on nursing students' future practice.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(8):445–448.]
Trust and Caring: Short-Term Study Abroad Host Community Perspectives
Authors: Rosario Gonzalez Kattiria M.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Although there is an abundance of research that examines the impact of short-term study abroad on students, there is limited research that examines the impact on the host community and even fewer articles that focus on host communities in relation to the nursing discipline and nursing students. This study investigated the impact of short-term study abroad experiences on the people living in the community being served.

Method:

A mixed-methods study guided by Watson's Human Caring Science to assess host community member perspectives on trust and caring was conducted in the Dominican Republic.

Results:

Based on qualitative and quantitative data analysis, community members felt cared for and trusted the nursing students providing services.

Conclusion:

This study is the first of its kind in the nursing field and can be used toward closing the gap in the nursing literature related to the topic of short-term study abroad.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(8):453–457.]
Engaging Students with Patient Safety in an Online Escape Room
Authors: Vestal M. Elisabeth , Matthias April D. , Thompson C. Elise
Published: August 2021

Background:

Creating innovative online instruction was essential during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article highlights an engaging, online escape room (OER) educational innovation used to teach patient safety to first-semester nursing students.

Method:

Utilizing constructivist and adult learning theories, the OER, developed using Google Forms, consisted of gamification. Students completed puzzles related to a patient safety scenario presented via text, photograph, audio, and video to promote critical thinking and decision making.

Results:

Review of student reflections, test scores, and survey results determined the OER was effective to develop the student's understanding of the nurse's role in patient safety to include identification of safety concerns and appropriate interventions.

Conclusion:

Using Google forms, educators can create an OER for various topics to enhance student engagement and critical thinking skills. The OER can be supplemental instruction or an alternative for clinical and simulation instruction when online learning is mandated.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(8):466–469.]
Bounds of modified Sombor index, spectral radius and energy
Authors: Huang Yufei ,   Department of Mathematics Teaching, Guangzhou Civil Aviation College, Guangzhou, 510403, China, Liu Hechao ,   School of Mathematical Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
Published: August 2021

Let $ G $ be a simple graph with edge set $ E(G) $. The modified Sombor index is defined as $ ^{m}SO(G) = \sum\limits_{uv\in E(G)}\frac{1}{\sqrt{d_{u}^{2}~~+~~d_{v}^{2}}} $, where $ d_{u} $ (resp. $ d_{v} $) denotes the degree of vertex $ u $ (resp. $ v $). In this paper, we determine some bounds for the modified Sombor indices of graphs with given some parameters (e.g., maximum degree $ \Delta $, minimum degree $ \delta $, diameter $ d $, girth $ g $) and the Nordhaus-Gaddum-type results. We also obtain the relationship between modified Sombor index and some other indices. At last, we obtain some bounds for the modified spectral radius and energy.
From Computational Thinking to Computational Doing
Authors: Bers Marina Umaschi
Published: August 2021

Computer programming is becoming an essential skill in the 21st century, and in order to best prepare future generations, the promotion of computational thinking and literacy must begin in early childhood education. Computational thinking can be defined in many ways. The broad definition offered in this chapter is that computational thinking practices refer to techniques applied by humans to express themselves by designing and constructing computation. This chapter claims that one of the fundamental ways in which computational thinking can be supported and augmented is by providing children with opportunities to code and to create their own interactive computational media. Thus, computational literacy will allow children to become producers and not only consumers of digital artifacts and systems.
Computational Thinking and Life Science
Authors: Strawhacker Amanda L.
Published: August 2021

Life science and computer science share the educational goals of fostering students to engage in inquiry-based learning and solve problems through similar practices of discovery, design, and experimentation. This chapter outlines the pedagogical links among traditional life science and emerging computer science domains in early childhood education, and describes an educational intervention using the CRISPEE technological prototype. CRISPEE, designed by a research team of developmentalists, biologists, educators, and computer scientists, invites young children to use computational logic to model design processes with biological materials. Findings are discussed as they relate to new understandings about how young children leverage computational thinking when engaged in design-based life science, or biodesign.
Makerspaces as Learning Environments to Support Computational Thinking
Authors: Strawhacker Amanda L. , Vizner Miki Z.
Published: August 2021

Makerspaces are technology-rich learning environments that can uniquely support children's development. In education communities, makerspaces have become sites to take up explorations of personally-motived problem solving, and have been tied to 21st century learning outcomes of perseverance, creativity, persistence, and computational thinking. Elsewhere in this book, Bers described computational thinking as the set of skills and cognitive processes required to give instructions for a specific task in such a way that a computer could carry it out. But Bers also argued that the purpose of computational thinking is to cultivate a fluency with technological tools as a medium of expression, not an end in itself. Computational making is part of this expression. This chapter explores the ways in which tools, facilitation, and the physical environment can support children's engagement with powerful ideas of computational thinking through making.
Supporting Girls' Computational Thinking Skillsets
Authors: Sullivan Amanda
Published: August 2021

The representation of women in technical fields such as computer science and engineering continues to be an issue in the United States, despite decades of research and interventions. According to the most recent Bureau of Labor Statistics reports, only 21.1% of computer programmers are women, and only 16.5% of engineering and architecture positions are filled by women. This chapter discusses the long-term importance of exposing girls to computational thinking during their formative early childhood years (Kindergarten through second grade) in order to set them up for equal opportunities in technical fields throughout their later educational and career years. This chapter presents a case example of a K-2nd grade robotics and coding curriculum in order to highlight examples of developmentally appropriate technologies, activities, and strategies that educators can implement to foster young girls' computational thinking skills. Best practices and instructional strategies to support girls—as well as young children of any gender identity—are discussed.
TechCheck
Authors: Relkin Emily
Published: August 2021

This chapter describes the development and validation of TechCheck, a novel instrument for rapidly assessing computational thinking (CT) skills in 5-9 years old children. TechCheck assessments can be administered in classroom or online settings regardless of whether students have prior knowledge of coding. This assessment probes six domains of CT described by Bers (2018) as developmentally appropriate for young children including algorithms, modularity, control structures, representation, hardware/software, and debugging. TechCheck demonstrates good psychometric properties and can readily distinguish among young children with different CT abilities.
Examining Young Children's Computational Artifacts
Authors: Unahalekhaka Apittha , Govind Madhu
Published: August 2021

Computational thinking (CT), in line with the constructionist perspective, is often best displayed when children have the opportunity to demonstrate their skills by producing creative coding artifacts. Performance-based or project portfolio assessments of young children's coding artifacts are a rich and useful approach to explore how children develop and apply CT abilities. In this chapter, the authors examine various rubrics and assessment tools used to measure the levels of programming competency, creativity, and purposefulness displayed in students' coding artifacts. The authors then discuss the development of ScratchJr and KIBO project rubrics for researchers and educators, including examples to illustrate how these highly diverse projects provide insight into children's CT abilities. Finally, the authors conclude with implications and practical strategies for using rubrics in both educational and research settings.
Effect of Silica-Based Wastes on Wear Rate and Hardness Properties of Epoxy Composites as a Construction Material
Authors: Ghayyib Rusul Jaber , Salman Awham Jumah , Jawad Zahraa Fakhri , Al-Khafaji Zainab S.
Published: August 2021

In this study, polymer composites were manufactured with epoxy-based resin and wastes as a mineral additive. The wastes including a high content of silica (Silica fume, glass and fly ash) powder were used as fillers for an epoxy adhesive to improve its wear resistance properties. They were supplemented to mixes in various ratios via substituting the resin from 0 to 20% by weight. Tests of wear rate and hardness were conducted upon all-polymer composites at all fillers ratios. Results indicated that the epoxy hardness increased with increasing the filler addition. Consequently, the addition of wastes that include silica raised the wear resistance of polymer composites; nevertheless, it caused the composites harder materials. The wear rate decreased with increasing the silica fume, glass, and fly ash addition. In the case of fly ash addition, the minimum wear rate was at 15%, and after this percentage, the wear rate increased. However, in the case of glass addition, the minimum wear rate was at 10%, and after this percentage, the wear rate increased.
Reducing the Effect of Air Pollution due to Cement Production by Using Low Cement Content Concrete with same or more Efficiency with Normal Concrete
Authors: Aldaher Rusul Ali , Khazaly Abeer Ibraheem , Almahbobi Suhad Abdulsattar , Jabal Qusay A.
Published: August 2021

The research aims to decrease the effect of air pollution due to CO2 pollution that liberates during the manufacturing of cement and that can be done by using less cement content in concrete without decreasing the strength of concrete. also reducing cement in concrete leads to less cost of construction and easy work in casting and finishing in concrete works due to using super-plasticizer that makes mixes with high workability and not needs any compaction in construction .the study show higher values of compressive and flexural strength of concrete with low cement content obtained by using CF super-plasticizer admixture .250 kg/1 cubic meter concrete with CF admixture gave more improvement in compressive strength compared with 350 cement content, also 400 cement content gave more results in compressive and flexural strength compared with ordinary concrete with 550 cement content.
A Comparison Study between Asymmetrical Castellated Steel Beams Encased by Reactive Powder Concrete with Laced Reinforcement
Authors: Ammar Hussamalden Alqahar , Alshimmeri Ahmad Jabbar Hussain
Published: August 2021

The main objectives of this study are to study the enhancement of the load-carrying capacity of Asymmetrical castellated beams with encasement the beams by Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) and lacing reinforcement, the effect of the gap between top and bottom parts of Asymmetrical castellated steel beam at web post, and serviceability of the confined Asymmetrical castellated steel. This study presents two concentrated loads test results for four specimens Asymmetrical castellated beams section encasement by Reactive powder concrete (RPC) with laced reinforcement. The encasement of the Asymmetrical castellated steel beam consists of, flanges unstiffened element height was filled with RPC for each side and laced reinforced which are used inclined continuous reinforcement of two layers on each side of the Asymmetrical castellated steel beam web. The inclination angle of lacing reinforcement concerning the longitudinal axis is 45. Four specimens with four different configurations will be prepared and tested under two concentrated loads at the mid-third of the beam span. The tested specimen's properties are the First model; unconfined, Asymmetrical castellated steel beam (Reference), while the second, third, and fourth models consist of Asymmetrical Castellated steel beam (web and flange) confined with (RPC) with 19.1, 38.2, and 57.3 mm gap, respectively, between the two beams sections (the upper and lower one). The results of the experimental tests show that the use of RPC enhanced the properties of the castellated beams in all selected conditions despite creating a gap between the castellated beams.
The Effect of Integral Waterproof Admixture on some Mechanical Properties of Concrete, Absorption and Sulfate Attack Using Different Mix Proportions
Authors: Jabal Qusay A. , Al-Dikheeli Mohammed Riyadh
Published: August 2021

. This investigation aims to improving mechanical properties of normal concrete such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength by using integral waterproof admixture (IWP) and also decreasing absorption of concrete, using different mix proportions of concrete, study shows a good increment of compressive strength for all mixes by using integral waterproof and also increasing the flexural and tensile strengths. The study contains also a sulfate attack study on normal mixes and integral waterproof mixes. Different percentages of IWP used in the study containing 0.0%, 1% ,1.5% and 2% for each 100 kg cement. Concrete mixes with 2% IWP admixture and 1:1:1.5 mix proportions give the highest values of compressive, tensile, and flexural strength in the study. compressive strength improved from 33.6MPa for reference 1:1:1.5 mix to 39.8 MPa by using IWP, also less absorption concrete obtained, the absorption was lowered from 3.5% to 1.7%, also deterioration in strength due to sulfate attack was small compared with reference mixes, same to other mixes 1:2:4, 1:1.5:3 that also improved by IWP admixture and lead to increasing mechanical properties and reducing absorption and sulfate attack.
Straightforward Synthesis of Cost-Effective, Flexible, and Hydrophobic Polyaniline-Chitosan (PAni-Cs) Films Produced with Lactic Acid as Solvent
Authors: Pasela Bianca Rae , Gammag Rayda P. , Castillo Acelle Pearl T. , Tumacder Doebner von C. , Taaca Kathrina Lois
Published: August 2021

In this study, facile preparation using a new solvent – lactic acid and physical properties of PAni-Cs films are observed. The main goal of the study is to easily synthesize PAni-Cs films using lactic acid as solvent through the solvent casting method and investigate if producing PAni-Cs with lactic acid will enhance its properties. The presence of PAni-Cs was confirmed by observing its structure using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The wettability of the films showed that films produced with lactic acid are less hydrophobic than those produced with acetic acid. Consequently, the computed surface energies revealed PAni-Cs films produced using lactic acid were higher. Water uptake of the films showed deviations when PAni and the solvents (lactic acid and acetic acid) were introduced. Furthermore, films produced with lactic acid were observed to be more flexible. These characterizations revealed that PAni-Cs produced with lactic acid are comparable to the properties of those produced with acetic acid showing that lactic acid helps in the improvement of PAni-Cs surface properties.
Evaluation Carbonation Service Life of Mortar-Coated Concrete Considering Global Warming
Authors: Wang Xiao Yong
Published: August 2021

Mortar finishing is frequently used to improve the carbonation service life of structural concrete. Moreover, carbonation is aggravated due to global warmings, such as the increase of CO2 concentration and temperature. This study shows a probability-based approach for evaluating the carbonation service life of coated concrete considering global warming. First, a carbonation model is proposed for assessing the carbonation depth of concrete with mortar finishing. The effect of global warming on carbonation is considered in the carbonation model. Second, a probability-based method is employed to determine the carbonation service life considering the thickness and mixtures of mortar finishing and substrate concrete. Based on the statistical analysis of calculation results, we find that for a concrete structural with 50 years’ service life, 15% service life will be reduced due to global warming.
Evaluation of the reproductive parameters of female neotropical migratory fish from a lotic and lentic environment of a dammed river
Authors: De Souza Luiza Mariz Amador , Theobaldo Gabriela Gonçalves , Rizzo Elizete , Dos Santos José Enemir , Bazzoli Nilo , Paschoalini Alessandro Loureiro
Published: August 2021

The fragmentation of watercourses caused by dams is considered to be one of the main threats to aquatic biodiversity worldwide, especially for ichthyofauna. Several studies have shown that the environmental modifications caused by dammed water bodies can change the various reproductive parameters of freshwater fish. Therefore, the present study aims to comparatively analyze the reproductive potential of female Megaleporinus reinhardti, a migratory species, sampled in the lentic environment of the Três Marias Reservoir and the lotic environment of the São Francisco River. Biometric data were obtained from 79 females and the biological indices were subsequently calculated. Additionally, the microscopic analysis of the gonads was performed, and the follicular atresia index was compared. The results of the study show that fish from the lotic environment presented higher gonadal volume, fecundity, and oocyte diameter, and a lower follicular atresia index when compared to fish from the lentic environment. In summary, the data suggest that environmental changes, i.e. from a lotic to lentic environment, caused by river damming, may negatively affect the reproductive process of migratory fish, such as M. reinhardti, and impair the maintenance of the population of this species in lentic environments
A comparative study of caregiver burden and stigma among the caregivers of patients with dementia and schizophrenia
Authors: Parveen Shaheena , Mehra Aseem , Kumar Krishan , Grover Sandeep
Published: August 2021

Aim:

This study aimed to assess the level of stigma faced by the caregivers of patients with dementia. The secondary objective was to evaluate the association of stigma faced by the caregivers with caregiver burden and compare the stigma and caregiver burden encountered by the caregivers of patients with dementia and schizophrenia.

Methodology:

This was a cross-sectional study, 50 patients with dementia and their caregivers and 50 patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers. Diagnosis of both the disorders was made as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Revision. The study participants were assessed on the Stigma Scale for caregivers of people with mental illness and family burden interview schedule.

Results:

Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia had been in the caregiver role for a longer duration and were not on paid employment. Caregivers of patients with dementia were more often children of the patients. Caregivers of patients with dementia reported a significantly lower level of stigma in all the domains as well as reported lower total stigma score. The significant difference persisted even after controlling for demographic and caregiving variables. Similarly, caregivers of patients with schizophrenia reported a significantly higher level of burden on all the domains, except for effect on the domain of mental health of others which persisted even after controlling for demographic and caregiving variables.

Conclusion:

Caregivers of patients with dementia experience a lower level of stigma and caregiver burden, compared to patients with schizophrenia even after controlling for different confounding variables.
Elderly male with late-onset heroin dependence
Authors: Bhardwaj Akansha , Arya Sidharth , Rathee Sunila , Gupta Rajiv
Published: August 2021

Substance use disorders usually have their onset during the adolescent period. However, in rare cases environmental and psychosocial factors can contribute toward a later onset. We describe a case of an elderly male who initiated his heroin use for the first time at 65 years of age and eventually developed dependence. This late-onset of heroin use was mediated by contextual factors such as loneliness, boredom, and easy access to heroin while craving and withdrawal symptoms served as maintaining factors. He responded well to a combination of opioid antagonist and nonpharmacological approaches focusing on activity scheduling and social support. As the demographic transition and societal changes take place, the elderly population with substance use problems will increase. There is an urgent need to upgrade substance abuse treatment services to meet the specific needs of the elderly using supportive and nonconfrontational approaches with special focus on improving social support access.
Utility of Taguchi Grey Relation Analysis for Influencing the System Input Parameters and Impacts of Tool Geometry and Wear Response of the Cutting Tool on Machinability and Environmental Impact of Machining for Automobile Industries
Authors: Kumaran Durai , Sivam S.P. Sundar Singh , Natarajan Harshavardhana , Balakumaran G. , Naveen R.
Published: August 2021

Amid the delivering of an item, any material or abundance vitality created moreover to a definitive item will be named as waste. The waste produced in light of machining could be a noteworthy ecological worry for creators. The shape and condition of waste streams created and their transportation components contrast with the strategy utilized and also shift among the technique. The effect in view of each waste stream differs as well. This examination reports a machining strategy includes the procedure of material to give a completed or a semicompleted item. This is frequently done to abuse tools, frills, machines and distinctive data sources that are appropriate to the strategy. The procedures for this work include machining of material abuse devices to give parts and items. The yield of the technique incorporates the item and thusly the waste streams. The waste streams convey with the material inside the kind of chips, energy usage, worn cutting tools and operating time. Grey relational analysis and ANOVA was acclimated with the chief essential cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and tool nose radius conditions that influence the minimum response. The cooperative effects of the informational factors on the normal reactions are researched. The normal and estimated esteems are genuinely close. The given model may be acclimated to pick the measure of machining process parameters.
On the Planning and Construction of Railway Curved Track
Authors: Bhardawaj Sono , Sharma Rakesh Chandmal , Sharma Sunil Kumar , Sharma Neeraj
Published: August 2021

Increasing demand for railway vehicle speed has pushed the railway track designers to develop high-quality track. An important measure of track quality is the character of the transition curve track connecting different intersecting straight tracks. A good transition curve track must be able to negotiate the intermittent stresses and dynamic effects caused by changes in lateral acceleration at high speed. This paper presents the constructional methods for planning transition curves considering the dynamics of movement. These methods consider the non-compensated lateral acceleration, deviation in lateral acceleration and its higher time derivatives. This paper discusses the laying methods of circular, vertical and transition curves. Key aspects in laying a curved track e.g. widening of gauge on curves are discussed in this paper. This paper also suggests a transition curve which is effective not only from a dynamic point of view considering lateral acceleration and its higher time derivative but also consider the geometric conditions along with the required deflection angle.
Structural Analysis and Optimization of Hybrid Unmanned Amphibian Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Gajendran C. , Padmanabhan M.K. , Dinesh M. , Vignesh S. , Rajesh S. , Prithviraj R. , Santhoshkumar G.
Published: August 2021

Hybrid Unmanned Amphibian Aerial Vehicle (HUAAV) is a hybrid unmanned system consisting of a multi-rotor and a hovercraft. Water quality management, hydrographic survey, bathymetric survey and related application areas still employs time consuming and erroneous traditional methods of using boats to access the test sites. The application of unmanned systems will significantly increase the efficiency of this process by getting access to remote locations of both air and water. This paper deals with the design optimization and finite element structural analysis to validate the structural capability of the hybrid amphibian aerial vehicle for operational conditions. The Reserve Factors (RF) for all the components in the amphibian aerial vehicle are calculated and then optimized.
Ride Behaviour of a Four-wheel Vehicle using H Infinity Semi-active Suspension Control under Deterministic and Random Inputs
Authors: Sharma Rakesh Chandmal , Palli Srihari , Sharma Neeraj , Sharma Sunil Kumar
Published: August 2021

In this article the ride behaviour of four-wheel vehicle system with H infinity control semi-active suspension is investigated when subjected to sine and random inputs. The random inputs are represented with correlation and cross correlation functions in time domain and represented by PSD using Fast Fourier Transformation. The deterministic inputs are simple functions of specific wavelength and amplitude. The equations of motion are presented using Newtons method. It is investigated from the present analysis that proposed H infinity control semi-active suspension control is effective in isolation of vibrations at high speed.
Numerical Study on Control of Sunroof Buffeting
Authors: Vijaykumar K. , Poonkodi S. , Sriram A.T.
Published: August 2021

Sunroof has become one of the essential features of a luxury car, and it provides natural air circulation and good illumination into the car. But the primary problem associated with it is the buffeting noise which causes discomfort to the passengers. Though adequate studies were carried out on sunroof buffeting, efficient control techniques are needed to be developed from fundamental mechanism. To reduce the buffeting noise, flow modifications at the entrance of the sunroof is considered in this study. The internal portion of the car with sunroof is simplified into a shear driven open cavity, and two-dimensional numerical simulations are carried out using commercial solver, ANSYS Fluent. Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equation is used with the realizable k-? turbulence model. The unsteady numerical result obtained in this study is validated with the available experimental results for the dominant frequency. The prediction is good agreement with experiment. Flow modification technique is proposed to control the sunroof buffeting by implementing geometric modifications. A hump has been placed near the leading edge of the cavity which resulted in significant reduction of pressure oscillations. Parametric studies have been performed by varying the height of hump and the distance of hump from the leading edge. There is no prominent difference when the height of the hump is varied. As the distance of the hump from the leading edge is reduced, the sound pressure level decreases.
Mechanical Behaviour of Al7075 Hybrid Composites Developed through Squeeze Casting
Authors: Gopal V. , Marx Raghu Raja D. , Mayakrishnan Jaikumar , Hariram V.
Published: August 2021

The automotive and aerospace sector are behind the development of squeeze casting process, as the squeeze cast components exhibit improved mechanical properties. Squeeze casting is a hybrid metal processing technique that combines the advantage of both casting and forging in one operation. The aluminium alloy 7075 is a futuristic material that is widely used to produce automotive and aerospace components. Cylindrical component of AL 7075 was produced by varying the squeeze pressure at certain level. The specimen was made from the component as per ASTM standard and they were tested for mechanical properties such as tensile hardness and impact strength respectively. It was found that mechanical properties were enhanced with increase in squeeze pressure. The aluminium 7075 hybrid composites developed through squeeze casting is fabricated and experimented upon and found to have adequate potential for wide variety of application. In aerospace industries it can be used in gear components, blade sleeves, guide vanes, wing components etc. Applications in surface transport are brake rotors, automotive engine cylinder, engine exhaust valve, body chassis and connecting rods. This material can be used in light weight applications such as power lines and wind mill fans.
Potential anticancer activity of Acetone extracts of Toona cilliata, Seriphium plumosum and Schkuhria pinnata on HeLa cervical cancer cells
Authors: Justice Ndlovu Mxolisi , Patrick Bagla Victor , Phenius Mokgotho Matlou , Ephraim Makgatho Marema , Moss Matsebatlela Thabe
Published: August 2021

Background: Cervical cancer is common in women in less developed regions of the world. The plant biomolecules can be employed for synergistic activity with chemo- and radiotherapy. This combinations might result in reduced toxicity and increased efficacy of the treatment regimen.

Objectives: The anti-HeLa cells activity of the acetone extracts of S. plumosum, T. cilliata and S. pinnata was assessed using different parameters.

Methods: Secondary metabolite detection and antioxidant activity quantification were determined using the DPPH and ferric iron reducing assays. HeLa cell growth inhibition and mechanistics were assessed by employing MTT and Annexin-V flous assays.

Results: Observations revealed the presence of phenolic, flavonoids, tannins steroids and coumarins in all the plants ex- tracts. High amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content were detected in S. plumosum and T. cilliata. S. plumosum extract had the best DPPH scavenging activity and ferric reducing powers.

Conclusion: Observable concentration dependent cell proliferation inhibition by test materials was exhibited. The leaf ex- tracts from T. cilliata, S. plumosum and S. pinnata contain compounds of various polarities with free-radical, antioxidant and anti-cancerous activities that may play a beneficial role in treatment.

Keywords: Medicinal plants; anticancer activity; antioxidant activity.
A one-year prospective study on the occurrence of traumatic spinal cord injury and clinical complications during hospitalisation in North-East Tanzania
Authors: I Moshi Haleluya , G Sundelin Gunnevi , G Sahlen Klas , VM Sörlin Ann
Published: August 2021

Background: Clinical complications following spinal cord injury are a big concern as they account for increased cost of rehabilitation, poor outcomes and mortality.

Objective: To describe the occurrence of traumatic spinal cord injury and associated clinical complications during hospi- talisation in North-East Tanzania.

Method: Prospective data were collected from all persons with traumatic spinal cord injury from North-East Tanzania from their admission to discharge from the hospital. Neurological progress and complications were assessed routinely. Data were captured using a form that incorporated the components of the core data set of the International Spinal Cord Society and were analysed descriptively.

Results: A total of 87 persons with traumatic spinal cord injury were admitted at the hospital with a mean age of 40.2 ± 15.8 years. There were 69 (79.3%) males, and 58 (66.6%) of the injuries resulted from falls. Spasms (41 patients, 47.1%), neuropathic pain (40 patients, 46%), and constipation (35 patients, 40.2%) were the most commonly reported complications. The annual incidence rate in the Kilimanjaro region was at least 38 cases per million.

Conclusion: The incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in the Kilimanjaro region is relatively high. In-hospital compli- cations are prevalent and are worth addressing for successful rehabilitation.

Keywords: Rehabilitation; pressure ulcer; spasm; urinary tract infections; low income countries.
Acute kidney injury among medical and surgical in-patients in the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana: a prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: KD Ephraim Richard , A Awuku Yaw , Tetteh-Ameh Ignatious , Baffe Charles , Aglagoh Godsway , A Ogunajo Victor , Owusu-Ansah Kizito , Adoba Prince , Kumordzi Samuel , Quarshie Joshua
Published: August 2021

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome associated with high morbidity, mortality and high hospital costs. Despite its adverse clinical and economic effects, only a few studies have reported reliable estimates on the incidence of AKI in sub-Sahara Africa. We assessed the incidence and associated factors of AKI among medical and surgical patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Ghana.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among one hundred and forty-five (145) consecutive patients admitted to the medical and the surgical wards at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH), Cape Coast, Ghana from April 2017 to April 2018. Socio-demographic and clinical information were collected using structured questionnaires. AKI was diagnosed and staged with the KDIGO guideline, using admission serum creatinine as baseline kidney function.

Results: The mean age of the study participants was 46.6±17.7 years, whilst the male:female ratio was 68:77. The overall incidence of AKI among the participants was 15.9% (95% CI: 10.33 – 22.84%). Stage 1 AKI occurred in 56.5% of the par- ticipants, whilst stages 2 and 3 AKI respectively occurred among 4.1% and 2.8% of respondents. About 20% of the partic- ipants in the medical ward developed AKI (n= 15) whilst 12% of those in surgical ward developed AKI (n= 8). Among the participants admitted to the medical ward, 60.0%, 26.7% and 13.3% had stages 1, 2 and 3 AKI respectively. Whilst 50.0%, 25.0% and 25.0% respectively developed stages 1, 2 and 3 AKI in the surgical ward. Medical patients with AKI had hyper- tension (40%), followed by liver disease (33.3%); 37.5% of surgical inpatients had gastrointestinal (GI) disorders.

Conclusion: The incidence of AKI is high among medical and surgical patients in-patients in the CCTH, Ghana, with hy- pertension and liver disease as major comorbidities.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury; KDIGO; medical; surgical; hypertension; liver disease.
Mortality incidence and its determinants after fragility hip fractures: a prospective cohort study from an Egyptian level one trauma center
Authors: K Abdelnasser Mohammad , A Khalifa Ahmed , G Amir Khaled , A Hassan Mohammad , A Eisa Amr , Y El-Adly Wael , K Ibrahim Ahmed , A Farouk Osama , A Abubeih Hossam
Published: August 2021

Background: Fragility hip fracture is a common condition with serious consequences. Most outcomes data come from Western and Asian populations. There are few data from African and Middle Eastern countries.

Objective: The primary objective was to describe mortality rates after fragility hip fracture in a Level-1 trauma centre in Egypt. The secondary objective was to study the causes of re-admissions, complications, and mortality.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of 301 patients, aged > 65 years, with fragility hip fractures. Data collected included sociodemographic, co-morbidities, timing of admission, and intraoperative,ostoperative, and post-discharge data as mortal- ity, complications, hospital stay, reoperation, and re-admission. Cox regression analysis was conducted to investigate factors associated with 1-year mortality.

Results: In-hospital mortality was 8.3% (25 patients) which increased to 52.8% (159 patients) after one year; 58.5% of the deaths occurred in the first 3-months. One-year mortality was independently associated with increasing age, ASA 3-4, cardiac or hepatic co-morbidities, trochanteric fractures, total hospital stay, and postoperative ifection and metal failure.

Conclusion: Our in-hospital mortality rate resembles developed countries reports, reflecting good initial geriatric health- care. However, our 3- and 12-months mortality rates are unexpectedly high. The implementation of orthogeriatric care after discharge is mandatory to decrease mortality rates.

Keywords: Fragility hip fractures; trochanteric fractures; mortality rate.