bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Movimentos Sociais e Poder Judiciário: A Judicialização das Lutas do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra
Authors: Borges Rebeca Simei da Silva , Costa Sâmia Laudêmia Freire , Leitão Macell Cunha
Published: March 2021

A garantia de direitos políticos e sociais pela Constituição Federal de 1988 alterou substancialmente as estratégias políticas dos movimentos sociais no Brasil que passaram a articular suas demandas predominantemente através das instituições jurídicas. Diante desse contexto de judicialização das lutas sociais, o presente trabalho analisa, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica, a atuação do Poder Judiciário nos processos do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra. As conclusões apontam que a desigualdade material existente na sociedade se reproduz na esfera judicial, de modo que a interpretação judicial tende ideologicamente a descumprir os mandamentos constitucionais de acesso à justiça e de efetivação da função social da propriedade, constituindo um processo camuflado de criminalização dos movimentos sociais.
A Importância do Princípio da Precaução no Âmbito da Conservação Ambiental
Authors: Pozzetti Daniel Gabaldi , Pozzetti Laura , Pozzetti Valmir César
Published: March 2021

Objetivo do estudo: Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo diferenciar a conservação de preservação ambiental e analisar a importância da utilização do Princípio da Precaução, no âmbito da conservação ambiental. A diferença entre preservar e conservar; está no fato de que, na conservação se utiliza o recurso sem esgotá-lo, enquanto na preservação o recurso fica intacto, sem utilização. Assim, no âmbito da conservação é imperioso utilizar-se do Princípio da Precaução, o qual estabelece a necessidade de que observemos sobre os possíveis resultados da utilização do recurso ambiental, uma vez que, se não tivermos certeza cientifica sobre os passiveis malefícios que esse uso acarretará, a atividade não pode ser desenvolvida. Metodologia: a metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa foi a do método dedutivo; quanto aos meios a pesquisa foi bibliográfica, com uso da doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência, bem como de atos administrativos; quanto aos fins, a metodologia utilizada foi a da pesquisa qualitativa. Originalidade/ Relevância: A originalidade dessa pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que os Princípios são diretrizes que orientam a aplicação das normas jurídicas e a sua própria existência no campo da estruturação de normas; uma vez que um determinado princípio não for observado na construção de uma norma ou ato administrativo, a norma será revogada e o ato será nulo, responsabilizando o gestor que descumpriu o Princípio. Assim, a relevância desta pesquisa está exatamente na contribuição que ela oferece para a manutenção de um meio ambiente sadio e equilibrado. Principais resultados: Concluiu-se que o dever compulsório Do Estado, de utilizar e fazer cumprir o Princípio da Precaução, resultará em ganhos significativos para o meio ambiente, evitando a destruição dos recursos ambientais que são finitos, pelo menos em qualidade. Contribuições teóricas: A pesquisa traz uma grande contribuição ao “direito à vida” no contexto atual, vez que o direito à vida digna perpassa pelo direito a um meio ambiente saudável e equilibrado. À medida em que o poder Público - que é o ente administrativo que autoriza atividades econômicas – passar a exigir e cumprir na íntegra o Princípio da precaução, todas as vezes em que for liberar uma atividade, deixaremos de ter destruição ambiental e passaremos a ter atividades que conservam o meio ambiente, com qualidade de vida para toda a população planetária.
Richard Dedekind 1888: Das Auflösevermögen des Arithmetikers
Authors: Séguin Philippe
Published: March 2021

1888 veröffentlichte Dedekind Was sind und was sollen die Zahlen? (Zahlen), das gemeinhin von Mathematikern und Mathematikhistorikern zusammen mit Peanos Arithmetices Principia als der Grundstein zur Axiomatisierung der Arithmetik angesehen wird. Dabei wurde der für eine mathematische Schrift ungewöhnliche Titel entweder übersehen oder miss- bzw. umgedeutet. Interessanterweise lässt sich das an den unterschiedlichen Übersetzungen festmachen, zum Beispiel bei André Weil („Que sont et que représentent les nombres?“, also „Was sind und was stellen die Zahlen dar?“), dessen Übertragung dann vom Dedekind-Spezialisten Pierre Dugac übernommen wurde. Im folgenden Beitrag wird die Geschichte dieser Interpretationen rekonstruiert sowie nach Gründen gesucht, weshalb Dedekinds Vorwort unserer Ansicht nach unterschätzt wurde. Das führt uns zur These, dass Zahlen kein rein mathematisches Traktat war, sondern eine Kampfschrift, und dass sich Dedekind von seinem Abbildungsbegriff weit mehr erhoffte, als man vom rein mathematischen Standpunkt aus vermuten möchte. Schlüsselwörter: Abbildung, axiomatische Methode, unendliche Mengen, Zahlbegriff, Dilthey, Helmholtz, Kronecker, Abbildungsvermögen, Einbildungskraft, Schöpferkraft, Weltanschauung.
Felix Klein und Paul Koebe – „Durchführung eines im Grunde doch Kleinen Programms“
Authors: Tobies Renate
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the relationship between the mathematicians Felix Klein and Paul Koebe. Inspired by Klein, Koebe provided the proofs for the uniformization theorems formulated by Klein and Henri Poincaré. In particular, Koebe was able to realize Klein’s original idea of a continuity proof, the possibility of which had been doubted by Poincaré. By analyzing Koebe’s letters to Klein and files from the Jena University Archives, new insights could be gained, which also concern Paul Koebe’s biography. Dieser Artikel analysiert die Beziehung zwischen den Mathematikern Felix Klein und Paul Koebe. Inspiriert von Klein lieferte Koebe die Beweise für die von Klein und Henri Poincaré formulierten Uniformisierungstheoreme. Insbesondere war Koebe in der Lage, Kleins ursprüngliche Idee eines Kontinuitätsbeweises zu realisieren, dessen Möglichkeit von Poincaré bezweifelt worden war. Durch die Analyse von Koebes Briefen an Klein und von Akten aus dem Jenaer Universitätsarchiv konnten neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden, die auch die Biographie Paul Koebes betreffen.
ANALYSIS OF CURRENT INFORMATIONAL ASPECTS OF PROBABLE SCENARIO FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MILITARY CONFLICT WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Bashynskyi V. , Pievtsov H. , Openko P. , Kozyr A.
Published: March 2021

The beginning of the XXI century was characterized by the emergence of a new type of war – information one, when victory is achieved not by destroying the armed forces and the economy of the enemy, but through the impact on his moral and psychological condition. In modern conflicts, methods based on the integrated application of political, economic, informational and other non-military measures based on military force are increasingly used. The combination of these methods is implemented in the concept of hybrid warfare, the leading idea of which consists in achieving political goals with minimal military influence on the enemy through the use of modern information technology based on "soft power" and "hard power". The peculiarity of such a war is that it is conducted in disguise using mostly non-linear tactics and is not aimed at capturing the entire territory of the country, although it is possible to take control of partial territories, but to obtain patronage over the state, which is achieved through influence on the population, politics, business, law-enforcement agencies. A striking example of the implementation of the concept of hybrid war is the actions of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - Russia) against Ukraine. At the same time, Russia's "hybrid policy" is not limited to Ukraine. It also covers Europe and the United States, the EU and NATO.

In order to analyze the development of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia in the period up to 2035, an analysis was made on the development of the information aspect of relations between Ukraine and other influential regional and world actors on the development of the situation around Ukraine.

In preparing the forecast, the tools of scenario analysis were used, namely: the analysis of the main influencing factors, which allowed determining the trends of regional development until 2035. This analysis makes it possible to develop a baseline scenario for the development of the situation, provided that the situation around Ukraine over time will not change significantly; the main factors that are difficult to predict and non-collinear are identified.
ON POSSIBLE FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM OF ARMS AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT TESTING OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Korniienko I. , Korniienko S. , Kamak D. , Kaznachey S. , Zhyrna O.
Published: March 2021

Today, the problem of ensuring the effectiveness of the system of testing weapons and military equipment remains relevant. According to the existing national legislation and the accepted standards, separate specialized institutions are involved in the testing of samples of armaments and military equipment. One of the methods of improving the efficiency of test centers and institutions is the automation of all processes that accompany the testing of samples of weapons, military equipment and special equipment.

The article highlights the approaches to the design and practical implementation of the information system to support the testing of weapons and military equipment. Its possible functional composition is considered. It is assumed that the information system should automate all processes in the test facility that are somehow related to the tests.Based on the analysis of existing guidance documents and scientific and technical information sources, the composition of the main functional components of the information system of test support is proposed. The necessity of introducing a management component into the information system for the implementation of a targeted approach to the management of a testing facility is substantiated. Reclassification of tasks of information databases on stages of carrying out tests is done.

Based on the generalized scheme of testing the conceptual model of information system of support of tests is offered.The approximate composition of individual software modules and the content of databases are given.The expediency of using a spiral model of software design for the development of a comprehensive full-featured information system for test support is substantiated.

It is expected that the automation of planning, conducting and other processes that accompany the tests can significantly affect the overall efficiency of the organization and conduct of tests, ensure the proper quality of the results and help reduce time losses for testing.
IP-court: a tool for intellectual property lawyer protection
Authors: Petryshak Maria
Published: March 2021

Problem setting. The article examines the problems and prospects of creating a court on intellectual property inUkraine. The experience of the functioning of such judicial bodies in European countries, as well as in Great Britain,Germany and France, is considered.

Analysis of recent researches and publications. It should be noted that the issue of the functioning of the judiciaryand specialized courts in the judicial system of Ukraine is not entirely new to modern science, because to some extentthey were considered by many leading scholars and practitioners, including N. Vilgushinsky, M. Kosyuta, L. Moskvich,I. Marochkina, V. Serdyuk, S. Prylutsky, V. Sukhonos and many others.

Article’s main body. The requirements for applicants for the positions of judges are being studied. It is emphasizedthat there is a too long selection of judges for the Supreme Court on Intellectual Property Issues: overload of economiccourts dealing with cases of this category; interested persons, whose rights are violated in the field of intellectual property,do not apply for the protection of these rights in economic courts, awaiting the formation of a specialized court. Itis noted that effective protection of the violated rights of authors of scientific inventions, utility models, literary andmusical works, computer programs is a guarantee of compliance with the principles of the rule of law and legality, whichare important principles of a democratic state.

Conclusions and prospects for the development. The emergence and full functioning of such an institution inUkraine is an urgent need for effective protection of the rights of individuals in the field of intellectual property. Allchanges to the legislation of Ukraine in general, as well as the legislation governing the consideration of cases in the fieldof intellectual property, must be comprehensive and carefully considered. The ability of a lawyer to protect the violatedrights of authors of scientific inventions, utility models, literary and musical works, computer programs is a guarantee ofadherence to the principles of the rule of law and legality, which are important principles of a democratic state.
A new genus of Apsilocephalidae (Diptera) in Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
Authors: Poinar Jr. George , Vega Fernando E.
Published: March 2021

A new genus and species of apsilocephalid flies, Cascomixticus tubuliferous gen. et sp. nov. (Diptera: Asiloidea: Apsilocephalidae) is described from Burmese amber. Assignment to the Apsilocephalidae is based on the wing venation that is very similar to extant members of the family. The present fossil differs from known genera of this family by a long labellum bearing tactochemical papillae, a long tubular hypopharynx and a pointed labrum as well as the structure of the scape and pedicel. The long, tubular hypopharynx may have been used to obtain nectar from angiosperm flowers, however the function of the sharp-tipped labrum is unknown.
Stratigraphic Lexicon: The Onshore Cenozoic Sedimentary Formations of The Republic of Panama
Authors: LeBlanc Jacques
Published: March 2021

The stratigraphic knowledge of Panama was, until now, spread over hundreds of scientific/geologic publications written during the past 120 years. The construction of the Panama Canal during the early twentieth century helped galvanizing the engineering and geological disciplines to understand the tectonic, sedimentation and biodiversity of the Cenozoic Era in this part of the world. Later, few petroleum companies arrived on the scene and contributed to our knowledge of the sub-surface. The past thirty years saw a surge of studies by many institutions in areas away from the Canal, such as in Darien, Azuero Peninsula, Bocas del Toro, and the Burica Peninsula near the Costa Rica Border. Our most recent knowledge came from the widening of the Panama Canal between 2007 and 2016. It is from all these older and recent studies that the present Lexicon draws its content. It provides the historical background of all described geological units in Panama and summarizes the lithological and paleontological knowledge of each units in an easy-to-search format.
Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinden Toplanan Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Trifolium repens Genotiplerinin Çekirdek DNA İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi ve Ploidi Analiziyle Tür Teşhisinde Kullanılması
Authors: ALAY Fatih , İSPİRLİ Kadir , ÇANKAYA Necda , TUNA Metin , AYAN İlknur
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışma, Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi doğal florasından toplanan domuz ayrığı (Dactylis glomerata ssp.), kamışsı yumak (Festuca arundinaceae ssp.) ve ak üçgül (Trifolium repens ssp.) popülasyonlarının çekirdek DNA içeriklerinin flow sitometri yöntemiyle belirlenmesi ve ploidi analizi ile tür teşhisinde kullanılması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Proje kapsamında ak üçgülden mera tipi 80, domuz ayrığından ot ve mera tipi 80 ve kamışsı yumaktan ot, mera ve çim tipi 130 adet genotip kullanılmıştır. Analizlerde tarlada yetişmekte olan bitkilerden alınan taze yaprak dokuları kullanılmıştır. Floresan boya olarak ise propidium iodide kullanılmıştır. İnternal standard, Dactylis glomerata ve Trifolium repens genotiplerinde Vicia sativa, Festuca arundinecea genotiplerinde ise Hordeum vulgare kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre araştırmada kullanılan Dactylis glomerata genotiplerinin ortalama 2C çekirdek DNA içeriği 9.12 pg (8.32 pg-9.66 pg); Trifolium repens genotiplerinin ortalama 2C çekirdek DNA içeriği 2.33 pg (2.22 pg-2.44 pg); Festuca arundinecea genotiplerinin ortalama 2C çekirdek DNA içeriği 17.47 pg (17.02 pg-17.98 pg) arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Çekirdek DNA içerikleri ile genotiplerin ploidi düzeylerini ilişkilendirmek amacıyla yapılan kromozom sayımlarında domuz ayrığı genotiplerinin 2n=4x=28, ak üçgül genotiplerinin 2n=4x=32 ve kamışsı yumak genotiplerinin 2n= 6x=42 kromozoma sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bu sonuçlara göre çalışmada kullanılan Dactylis ve Trifolium genotiplerinin tetraploid, Festuca genotiplerinin ise hekzaploid olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada kullanılan tüm genotipler çekirdek DNA içeriklerinin de yardımıyla taksonomik olarak teşhis edilmiş ve Trifolium repens ssp.’nin Trifolium repens var. repens, Dactylis glomerata ssp.’nin Dactylis glomerata subsp. glomerata ve Festuca arundineceae ssp.’nin de Festuca arundinacea subsp. arundinacea olduğu ve genotiplerin içerisinde başka türlere ait hiç bir genotipin bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir.
RESEARCH OF ERP SYSTEM INTEGRATION INTO LEAN MANUFACTURING
Authors: Marcinauskas Elvinas
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, the highly competitive market makes industrial companies search for new decisions to improve their competitive advantages. It can be lowering product cost, manufacturing and delivering faster than competitors or being flexible when producing different quantities of different products for different customers. Most popular instruments that help companies to reach previously mentioned competitive advantages are implementing Lean Manufacturing strategies or ERP systems into their production systems. The way of using these systems might become the main indicator of companies’ success in the future. This research aims to create a guideline for integrating ERP system into Lean Manufacturing system. It focuses on the manufacturing companies that are already using such a system and can share their good and bad experiences. To reach this aim, the scientific literature is being analyzed by retrieving the CSFs for such an integration process. Using these CSFs, the relation between them and the positive outcomes of the integration process is established and tested using an online survey. The results of the survey are processed using empirical methods. Moreover, the research methodology for evaluating the ERP system integration into Lean Manufacturing level is established and tested in three case analyses.
Multiple Stellar Populations of Globular Clusters from Homogeneous Ca–CN–CH–NH Photometry. VI. M3 (NGC 5272) Is Not a Prototypical Normal Globular Cluster*

†
Authors: Lee Jae-Woo , Sneden Christopher
Published: March 2021

We present Ca–CN–CH–NH photometry for the well-known globular cluster (GC) M3 (NGC 5272). We show new evidence for two M3 populations with distinctly different carbon and nitrogen abundances, seen in a sharp division between CN-weak and CN-strong red-giant branches (RGBs) in M3. The CN-strong population shows a C–N anticorrelation that is a natural consequence of the CN cycle, while the CN-weak population shows at most a very weak C–N anticorrelation. Additionally, the CN-weak population exhibits an elongated spatial distribution that is likely linked to its fast rotation. Our derived metallicities reveal bimodal distributions in both populations, with 〈[Fe/H]〉 ≈ −1.60 and −1.45, which appear to be responsible for the discrete double RGB bumps in the CN-weak population and the large

range. From this discovery, we propose that M3 consists of two GCs, namely C1 (23%, 〈[Fe/H]〉 ≈ −1.60) and C2 (77%, 〈[Fe/H]〉 ≈ −1.45), each of which has its own C–N anticorrelation and structural and kinematical properties, which are strong indications of independent systems in M3. The fractions of the CN-weak population for both C1 and C2 are high compared to Galactic GCs but they are in good agreement with GCs in the Magellanic Clouds. We suggest that M3 is a merger remnant of two GCs, most likely in a dwarf galaxy environment, and accreted to our Galaxy later in time. This is consistent with recent proposals of an ex situ origin for M3.
Energetic Proton Propagation and Acceleration Simulated for the Bastille Day Event of 2000 July 14
Authors: Young Matthew A. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Gorby Matthew , Linker Jon , Caplan Ronald M. , Downs Cooper , Török Tibor , Riley Pete , Lionello Roberto , Titov Viacheslav , Mewaldt Richard A. , Cohen Christina M. S.
Published: March 2021

This work presents results from simulations of the 2000 July 14 (“Bastille Day”) solar proton event. We used the Energetic Particle Radiation Environment Model (EPREM) and the CORona-HELiosphere (CORHEL) software suite within the SPE Threat Assessment Tool (STAT) framework to model proton acceleration to GeV energies due to the passage of a CME through the low solar corona, and we compared the model results to GOES-08 observations. The coupled simulation models particle acceleration from 1 to 20 R
⊙, after which it models only particle transport. The simulation roughly reproduces the peak event fluxes and the timing and spatial location of the energetic particle event. While peak fluxes and overall variation within the first few hours of the simulation agree well with observations, the modeled CME moves beyond the inner simulation boundary after several hours. The model therefore accurately describes the acceleration processes in the low corona and resolves the sites of most rapid acceleration close to the Sun. Plots of integral flux envelopes from multiple simulated observers near Earth further improve the comparison to observations and increase potential for predicting solar particle events. Broken power-law fits to fluence spectra agree with diffusive acceleration theory over the low energy range. Over the high energy range, they demonstrate the variability in acceleration rate and mirror the interevent variability observed in solar cycle 23 ground-level enhancements. We discuss ways to improve STAT predictions, including using corrected GOES energy bins and computing fits to the seed spectrum. This paper demonstrates a predictive tool for simulating low-coronal solar energetic particle acceleration.
Jumping the Gap: Searching for LIGO’s Biggest Black Holes
Authors: Ezquiaga Jose María , Holz Daniel E.
Published: March 2021

Gravitational wave (GW) detections of binary black holes (BBHs) have shown evidence for a dearth of component black holes with masses above ∼50M
⊙. This is consistent with expectations of a mass gap due to the existence of pair-instability supernovae (PISN). We argue that ground-based GW detectors will be sensitive to BBHs with masses above this gap, ≳120 M
⊙. With no detections, 2 yr at upgraded sensitivity (A+) would constrain the local merger rate of these BBHs on the “far side” of the PISN gap to be lower than 0.01 yr−1Gpc−3. Alternatively, with a few tens of events we could constrain the location of the upper edge of the gap to the percent level. We consider the potential impact of “interloper” black holes within the PISN mass gap on this measurement. Far side BBHs would also be observed by future instruments such as Cosmic Explorer (CE), Einstein Telescope (ET) and LISA, and may dominate the fraction of multiband events. We show that by comparing observations from ground and space it is possible to constrain the merger rate history. Moreover, we find that the upper edge of the PISN mass gap leaves an imprint on the spectral shape of the stochastic background of unresolved binaries, which may be accessible with A+ sensitivity. Finally, we show that by exploiting the upper edge of the gap, these high-mass BBHs can be used as standard sirens to constrain the cosmic expansion at redshifts of ∼0.4, 0.8, and 1.5 with LISA, LIGO-Virgo, and CE/ET, respectively. These far-side binaries would be the most massive BBHs LIGO-Virgo could detect.
Water on Hot Rocky Exoplanets
Authors: Kite Edwin S. , Schaefer Laura
Published: March 2021

Data suggest that most rocky exoplanets with orbital period p < 100 days (“hot” rocky exoplanets) formed as gas-rich sub-Neptunes that subsequently lost most of their envelopes, but whether these rocky exoplanets still have atmospheres is unknown. We identify a pathway by which 1–1.7 R
⊕ (1–10 M
⊕) rocky exoplanets with orbital periods of 10–100 days can acquire long-lived 10–2000 bar atmospheres that are H2O-dominated, with mean molecular weight >10. These atmospheres form during the planets’ evolution from sub-Neptunes into rocky exoplanets. H2O that is made by reduction of iron oxides in the silicate magma is highly soluble in the magma, forming a dissolved reservoir that is protected from loss so long as the H2-dominated atmosphere persists. The large size of the dissolved reservoir buffers the H2O atmosphere against loss after the H2 has dispersed. Within our model, a long-lived, water-dominated atmosphere is a common outcome for efficient interaction between a nebula-derived atmosphere (peak atmosphere mass fraction 0.1–0.6 wt%) and oxidized magma (>5 wt% FeO), followed by atmospheric loss. This idea predicts that most rocky planets that have orbital periods of 10–100 days and that have radii within 0.1–0.2 R
⊕ of the lower edge of the radius valley still retain H2O atmospheres. This prediction is imminently testable with James Webb Space Telescope and has implications for the interpretation of data for transiting super-Earths.
Dynamical Formation Scenarios for GW190521 and Prospects for Decihertz Gravitational-wave Astronomy with GW190521-like Binaries
Authors: Holgado A. Miguel , Ortega Alexis , Rodriguez Carl L.
Published: March 2021

The gravitational-wave (GW) detection of GW190521 has provided new insights on the mass distribution of black holes and new constraints for astrophysical formation channels. With independent claims of GW190521 having significant premerger eccentricity, we investigate what this implies for GW190521-like binaries that form dynamically. The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will also be sensitive to GW190521-like binaries if they are circular from an isolated formation channel. However, GW190521-like binaries that form dynamically may skip the LISA band entirely. To this end, we simulate GW190521 analogs that dynamically form via post-Newtonian binary–single scattering. From these scattering experiments, we find that GW190521-like binaries may enter the LIGO-Virgo band with significant eccentricity as suggested by recent studies, though well below an eccentricity of e
10 Hz ≲ 0.7. Eccentric GW190521-like binaries further motivate the astrophysical science case for a decihertz GW observatory, such as the kilometer-scale version of the Midband Atomic Gravitational-wave Interferometric Sensor. We carry out a Fisher analysis to estimate how well the eccentricity of GW190521-like binaries can be constrained with such a decihertz detector. These eccentricity constraints would also provide additional insights into the possible environments that GW190521-like binaries form in.
Review of the North American fauna of Drymeia Meigen (Diptera, Muscidae) and evaluation of DNA barcodes for species-level identification in the genus
Authors: Savage Jade , Sorokina Vera S.
Published: March 2021

The North American fauna of Drymeia Meigen was studied. Four new species are described (Drymeia huckettisp. nov., Drymeia pontisp. nov., Drymeia vockerothisp. nov., Drymeia woodorumsp. nov.), and three new synonymies are proposed: Drymeia amnicola (Huckett, 1966) (= Drymeia rivalis (Huckett, 1966), syn. nov.); Drymeia glacialis (Rondani, 1866) (= Drymeia alpicola (Rondani, 1871), syn. nov.); and Drymeia spinitarsis (Aldrich, 1918) (= Drymeia longiseta Sorokina & Pont, 2015, syn. nov.). An annotated checklist, DNA barcodes (when available), and keys for each sex of the 24 named species of North American Drymeia are provided. The utility of DNA barcodes for the identification of Drymeia species across a wide geographical range was explored using sequences from five countries. A match between morphology and DNA barcodes was found for 71% (22/31) of species studied (including three unnamed taxa). The remaining nine species clustered into two groups of taxa with very little interspecific variation within clusters (groups of two and seven species). Caution is advised against using DNA barcoding as the only determination tool for Drymeia material without prior knowledge of its limitations for certain species groups.
Les enseignants et la laïcité. À propos d’une enquête récente
Authors: Ledoux Sébastien
Published: March 2021

Les enseignants français exercent-ils désormais leur métier sous la pression de la religion ? C’est ce qu’affirme une enquête de la Fondation Jean-Jaurès qui dresse, au prix de nombreuses confusions et partis pris, un panorama alarmiste de l’enseignement de la laïcité en France.
L’essentiel ou comment se l’approprier
Authors: Lenne-Cornuez Johanna
Published: March 2021

Les mesures restrictives liées à la crise sanitaire ont suscité des débats sur nos conceptions de l’ essentiel et du superflu . Une occasion de réfléchir avec Rousseau, et de voir dans l’essentiel non pas l’objet acheté, mais le moyen par lequel on se l’approprie, son mode de fabrication ou l’usage qu’on en fait.
Antonín Liehm : la culture européenne pour oxygène
Authors: Marès Antoine
Published: March 2021

La disparition d’Antonin Liehm, fin 2020, est l’occasion de revenir sur cette figure déterminante du « printemps de Prague ». Journaliste, écrivain, il fut un passeur de la culture française en Tchécoslovaquie, ainsi qu’un animateur de la vie culturelle en Europe occidentale, grâce à la revue Lettre internationale .
Que nous apprend la pandémie ?
Authors: Stengers Isabelle
Published: March 2021

Les usages du discours scientifique au cours de la crise sanitaire ont mis au jour la nécessité d’un « atterrissage » des sciences, qui permette de les réintégrer dans le débat démocratique. Ce n’est qu’en cessant de faire de « La Science » une parole infaillible et désengagée que l’institution pourra restaurer la confiance.
Les entreprises rationnelles et la démocratie
Authors: Perret Bernard
Published: March 2021

Nous vivons une crise de la raison, laquelle n’est pas tant due à une défaillance de nos facultés intellectuelles qu’à un déclin de la culture démocratique de l’argumentation. Ne pourrait-on instituer de nouvelles scènes argumentatives, notamment numériques, où la délibération serait menée entre égaux et définie par des règles précises ?
Hérésies sanitaires
Authors: Schlegel Jean-Louis
Published: March 2021

Si l’explication et la gestion des épidémies ont longtemps été confiées à l’Église, elles sont aujourd’hui du ressort de la science médicale. Est-ce à dire que la médecine est devenue la nouvelle matrice de la foi, autour de laquelle s’articuleraient nos espoirs et nos craintes ?
Les élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers à l’épreuve de l’égalité des chances ou ce que la « marge » pourrait faire à la « norme » : vers une inclusion réciproque au sein des EPLE ?
Authors: Jellab Aziz
Published: March 2021

Cette contribution s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une réflexion sociologique visant à penser l’égalité des chances et sa mise à l’épreuve à l’aune des évolutions institutionnelles consacrant « l’autonomie » des établissements scolaires, le rôle pédagogique des chefs d’établissement ainsi que l’importance du travail collectif. Quelle place l’inclusion des élèves en situation de handicap doit-elle occuper dans le cadre de ces évolutions ? Comment les acteurs peuvent-ils se saisir de l’inclusion à la fois sous l’angle d’un processus de professionnalisation, appelant à considérer la situation de handicap comme un cas particulier de la prise en charge de la difficulté scolaire, ce que présuppose la catégorie d’élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers, et celui d’une éthique relationnelle qui soit sensible au vivre-ensemble et à ce qu’il vise comme justice scolaire ? Répondre à ces questions suppose que l’on inscrive la thématique de l’inclusion dans le cadre de l’émergence-reconnaissance des vulnérabilités, mais aussi dans celui d’une analyse doublement normative et éthique, en proposant la notion « d’inclusion réciproque ». Celle-ci permet de repenser les dispositions et les pratiques éducatives et pédagogiques, en partant du principe selon lequel, au sein d’un EPLE, la « norme » apprend aussi de la « marge ».
La crise vécue par les familles et l’entourage
Authors: Richard Marie-Jeanne
Published: March 2021

Comme toutes les institutions qui accompagnent des personnes en situation de handicap psychique, l’Unafam a dû adapter ses pratiques pendant le confinement de printemps. L’association nous fait part de l’augmentation des soucis apportés par la situation sanitaire. On retrouve généralement les mêmes problématiques (isolement, liens avec les soins, manque de communication, dépendance par rapport à la famille pour les actes du quotidien…) qu’en temps ordinaire mais majorés par la situation de confinement (ruptures dans les rythmes habituels de vie, contraintes liées aux gestes barrières, présences physiques des aidants moins possibles…). Une plate-forme a été mise en place pour aider et soutenir les familles pendant cette période. Des témoignages recueillis par cette voie illustrent le texte.
Santé psychique et pandémie en réanimation
Authors: Thomas François
Published: March 2021

La pandémie de sars-cov-2 a profondément modifié le rapport au travail en réanimation. Si l'ensemble des métiers soignants a su, rapidement et efficacement se réorganiser, les retentissements psychiques sont nombreux et durables : effets de la contagiosité sur la distance soignant-malade, conséquences sur la relation soignant-soigné altérant la dimension éthique du soin, perte de sens devant les manques de moyens humains et matériels. Les cellules d'écoute, dont celles d'AML-soins intensifs, ont recueilli les angoisses, les colères et les espoirs des professionnels de réaniamtion.
La grève oubliée des étudiants en médecine de Rennes
Authors: Melchior Hugo
Published: March 2021

Du 29 janvier au 2 mai 1973, pendant 94 jours, des centaines d’étudiants en médecine de Rennes ont remis en cause le fonctionnement normal de leur faculté pour revendiquer auprès des décideurs et des autorités universitaires le droit à une formation pratique complète, et pour dénoncer la sélection drastique en première année qui risquait d’aggraver davantage le sous-développement médical de la Bretagne. Cette grève prolongée est tombée progressivement dans l’oubli. S’appuyant sur un vaste corpus d’archives, croisant en permanence des sources écrites et des témoignages oraux d’anciens protagonistes, cet article a pour ambition, en plus de raconter l’histoire de cette mobilisation hors norme, de rendre compte de l’état sanitaire dégradé de la Bretagne qui a favorisé l’irruption de cette grève active, de mettre en lumière certains militants politiques qui ont pu jouer un rôle clé dans l’animation de cette lutte, ainsi que les modes d’action à la fois traditionnels et originaux de ces étudiants imaginatifs, qui auront permis de rendre remarquable de cette lutte étudiante. Et, enfin, nous avons eu pour dessein de montrer le souci de ces étudiants de défendre publiquement une conception humaniste et progressiste de la médecine, réellement favorable aux travailleurs, c’est-à-dire une « médecine ouvrière » non lucrative, soucieuse de l’état de santé des classes subalternes dans le monde de l’entreprise comme en dehors.
The Entrails of a Ship: A Nautical Post-Mortem
Authors: Walker David A.
Published: March 2021

The largest man-made explosion prior to the nuclear bomb occurred during World War I in Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada when a ship loaded with war munitions collided with another ship and detonated almost spontaneously. The author examines the retrieved shrapnel from the completely disintegrated ship to find clues to the extent and the effects of the explosion, and the distribution of the detritus. Many inquiries, studies and books have concentrated on the effects of this explosion on the shattered city, the population, buildings, emergency preparations, &c., but until now none have looked exhaustively at the ship, the floating bomb and its dispersed detritus.
The Album de Colbert: The Image of Shipbuilding
Authors: Corradi Massimo
Published: March 2021

The Album de Colbert compiled by an anonymous author in the second half of the seventeenth century is among the most important illustrated testimonies of the art of shipbuilding. Probably commissioned by Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Minister of Finance of the Kingdom of France, it was compiled with the aim of making Louis XIV understand the complexity of shipbuilding. The Album was made to support the creation of a navy with the ambition of being competitive with the Royal Navy and with the intent of modernizing and expanding the French shipbuilding industry. The fifty plates that make up this illustrated treatise unravel the story of the construction of a first-rank 80-gun line vessel, from the laying of the keel to the launch. It is a unique document that has no contemporaries or precursors because it is not a didactic collection of boats, like the previous treaties that had a completely different methodological approach, more technical-descriptive than illustrative, but wants to go beyond the scientific treatise. Its purpose is instead to measure itself with representation, showing through the strength of drawing and images the peculiar aspects of the reality of shipbuilding, using iconography as a means of transmitting knowledge related to the world of shipyards and shipbuilding in the 17th century.
Micro Data and Macro Technology
Authors: Oberfield Ezra , Raval Devesh
Published: March 2021

We develop a framework to estimate the aggregate capital‐labor elasticity of substitution by aggregating the actions of individual plants. The aggregate elasticity reflects substitution within plants and reallocation across plants; the extent of heterogeneity in capital intensities determines their relative importance. We use micro data on the cross‐section of plants to build up to the aggregate elasticity at a point in time. Interpreting our econometric estimates through the lens of several different models, we find that the aggregate elasticity for the U.S. manufacturing sector is in the range of 0.5–0.7, and has declined slightly since 1970. We use our estimates to measure the bias of technical change and assess the decline in labor's share of income in the U.S. manufacturing sector. Mechanisms that rely on changes in the relative supply of factors, such as an acceleration of capital accumulation, cannot account for the decline.
Selecting Applicants
Authors: Frankel Alex
Published: March 2021

A firm selects applicants to hire based on hard information, such as a test result, and soft information, such as a manager's evaluation of an interview. The contract that the firm offers to the manager can be thought of as a restriction on acceptance rates as a function of test results. I characterize optimal acceptance rate functions both when the firm knows the manager's mix of information and biases and when the firm is uncertain. These contracts may admit a simple implementation in which the manager can accept any set of applicants with a sufficiently high average test score.
Long‐Term Contracting With Time‐Inconsistent Agents
Authors: Gottlieb Daniel , Zhang Xingtan
Published: March 2021

We study contracts between naive present‐biased consumers and risk‐neutral firms. We show that the welfare loss from present bias vanishes as the contracting horizon grows. This is true both when bargaining power is on the consumers' and on the firms' side, when consumers cannot commit to long‐term contracts, and when firms do not know the consumers' naiveté. However, the welfare loss from present bias does not vanish when firms do not know the consumers' present bias or when they cannot offer exclusive contracts.
Developing Transition Research for Disruptive Technology
Authors: Loy Jennifer , Novak James I. , Scerri Moira , Chowdhury Md Maruf Hossan Hossan , Skellern Katrina
Published: March 2021

There is a disconnect between technical research into digital manufacturing processes supporting the development of product innovation and research into the adoption of these technologies and subsequent products into existing business practices. One of the reasons is the level of technical and business knowledge required for an integrated response to the challenges involved in their adoption into established industrial contexts. This chapter introduces transitioning companies' issues to working with emerging digital manufacturing technologies through the example of 3D printing (additive manufacturing). The chapter provides an argument for the development of transition research across disciplines that identifies and explores the integration challenges involved in maximizing the opportunities of 3D printing. Examples discussed are from the surgical, dental, and hearing aid industries. The recommendations are based on the authors' research into supply chain management and operations in medical devices manufactured using 3D printing for the Association for Supply Chain Management (ASCM).
The Tourism Sector's Impact on Carbon Emissions
Authors: Akarsu Gülsüm , Saruchera Fanny
Published: March 2021

The tourism sector is generally perceived as a green industry because of its seemingly clean value chain activities. However, despite these perceptions, there have been doubts regarding the environmental impacts of tourism. Past studies have considered these environmental effects due to increasing concerns about global warming and climate change. This chapter attempts to analyze the effects of tourism value chain activities on carbon emissions in the context of the environmental Kuznets curve for G20 countries using a ten-year dataset. The results confirmed the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. The findings indicate that, despite increases in energy use and investment inflow, tourism activities decrease carbon emissions. The study concluded that tourism sector activities, foreign trade, and labor force participation all have statistically significant favorable effects on carbon emissions. Given the growing global transitions within the sector, the study reckons the sector's need to focus on sustainable tourism as a development and improvement strategy.
A Novel Web-Based Decision Support System for Aggregate Production Planning Problem
Authors: Tayali Halit Alper
Published: March 2021

The aggregate production planning model aims to match the supply with demand while minimizing the manufacturing or production activity costs. There are many methods in the mathematical programming theory to solve the aggregate production planning problem. This chapter develops a novel decision support system for the aggregate production planning model using the linear programming approach. The aggregate production problem modeled by the linear programming has been coded in R computer programming language, and a novel web application has been developed using Shiny to serve the needs of the production managers. The novel application is adjustable for any production setting and planning horizon for firms in global transitioning.
Exploring the Role of Local Financial Markets in the Portfolio Investment-Growth Nexus
Authors: Anetor Friday Osemenshan , Akinleye Simeon Oludiran , Ayadi Folorunso Sunday
Published: March 2021

In recent times, foreign portfolio investment inflows have been considered pivotal to sub-Saharan Africa's growth (SSA) as they help enhance liquidity and make a substantial fund available for investment. However, some scholars have stressed that the sustainable inflows of portfolio investments and their impact on growth depend on the extent to which the recipient country can develop its local financial markets. As a result, this chapter aims to determine the moderating role of local financial markets in facilitating the effects of portfolio investments on economic growth in 28 SSA between the period 1995-2018. The study employed the system generalized method of moments (SGMM) and found that portfolio investments positively and significantly impact economic growth. However, the study observes that the interaction between portfolio investments and financial market development is negative and significant, presupposing that the relationship between portfolio investment and economic growth is not contingent on local financial markets.
Are Foreign Subsidiaries Cooperating for Innovation With Local Partners?
Authors: García-Sánchez Antonio , Rama Ruth
Published: March 2021

In this chapter, a sample of firms active in the Spanish information and communication technology sector during 2003-2014 is analyzed to assess whether foreign subsidiaries are more prone than domestic firms to cooperate for innovation with local partners and ascertain which type of partners they prefer. Results of an econometric model show that foreign subsidiaries are more likely than unaffiliated domestic firms to cooperate for innovation with local partners but not more likely than domestic business groups, even when the size of the firm, the obstacles it faces to innovate, and other factors that may influence cooperation are all controlled. Statistical tests show that foreign subsidiaries prefer partnerships across the value chain. This preference is compared to that of domestic companies.
When Luxury Brands Changed Their Approach to Social Media
Authors: Pini Fabrizio Maria , Timergaleeva Dinara
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 lockdowns led to a new approach to social media communication by luxury fashion brands. This chapter explores recent pandemic-related changes in the social context and the need for brands to rethink their narrative to engage consumers and influence purchase decisions. The authors selected a panel of 28 fashion luxury brands, both independent and conglomerate-owned, to analyze the paradigm shift in social media communication and content creation. Their findings show that with social media acting as the main touchpoint, luxury fashion brands have effectively produced new communication archetypes, revealing the latent potential of digital platforms as strategic tools.
Innovating Luxury Service Experiences Through E-Servicescapes
Authors: Colm Laura Ingrid Maria , Prestini Stefano
Published: March 2021

The digital customer experience is a top priority and major challenge for luxury service companies, who have to connect with their target customers yet strive to remain exclusive and to innovate their core offers while preserving their heritage. After a brief review of the literature on customer experience and virtual environments in luxury service contexts, this chapter focuses on e-servicescapes as a means for innovation and improvement in delivering omnichannel experiences for luxury customers. Adopting Bitner's typology of servicescapes, this chapter is based on a three case vignettes analysis that highlights how luxury service providers can use e-servicescapes to enrich their physical service experiences. Three e-servicescape strategies are identified—integration, amplification, and substitution—that ultimately support companies in renewing and improving their overall luxury propositions.
Critical Success Factors and Methods to Increase Persistence for Non-Traditional Online Students
Authors: Epps Amber M.
Published: March 2021

With changes in technology, the needs and expectations of learners, and a number of environmental factors, enrollment in online courses continues to increase. Additionally, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, institutions have recognized the importance of having a learning management system in place, online courses that provide academic rigor comparable to classroom-based courses, and instructors who are trained and prepared to teach in a virtual environment. It is equally important to ensure that students who are planning to participate in online learning possess characteristics that will allow them to be successful. A student who does not possess these characteristics can still become an online learner but may require additional support or resources to encourage success and persistence. This chapter discusses the success factors for online traditional and nontraditional students and the differences that exist among the success factors for each group as well as solutions and recommendations for higher education institutions to encourage persistence.