bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A HONRA COMO ELO ENTRE PÃšBLICO, PRIVADO, CRIMINALIDADE E JUSTIÃ‡A NA AMÃ‰RICA PORTUGUESA DOS SÃ‰CULOS XVIII E XIX
Authors: Alves Leonardo de Carvalho , Hot Amanda Dutra
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho tratarÃ¡ sobre as noÃ§Ãµes de pÃºblico e privado existentes na AmÃ©rica Portuguesa dos sÃ©culos XVIII e XIX, relacionando-as com a importÃ¢ncia da honra para o homem do perÃ­odo em questÃ£o e mostrando, ainda, a honra como elo entre a intimidade, criminalidade e justiÃ§a no Brasil daqueles tempos.
A HISTÃ“RIA ORAL E A ENTREVISTA
Authors: Oliveira Adriana PatrÃ­cia de , Hot Amanda Dutra , Campos Germano Moreira , Moreira Leonard Maulaz dos Santos
Published: July 2019

Â A entrevista Ã© a principal ferramenta de trabalho da HistÃ³ria Oral. Ã‰ por meio dela que sÃ£o constituÃ­dos os documentos orais, sendo eles essenciais para a produÃ§Ã£o de pesquisas voltadas para a chamada â€œhistÃ³ria vista de baixoâ€. O campo da HistÃ³ria Oral Ã© um dos mais recentes, dentro da historiografia contemporÃ¢nea, o que faz com que desperte algumas dÃºvidas e incredulidades da parte dos historiadores mais tradicionais. HÃ¡ ainda outros problemas que sÃ£o colocados, como a invenÃ§Ã£o do depoimento, visto que esse, por mais conciso e imparcial que pareÃ§a, Ã© fruto de uma visÃ£o individual a respeito de determinado fato. O presente artigo busca analisar a temÃ¡tica da produÃ§Ã£o de entrevistas para a HistÃ³ria Oral, destacando as negociaÃ§Ãµes, as dificuldades e as vantagens das fontes orais para a ciÃªncia histÃ³rica atual.
O PAPEL DO JUIZ NA APLICAÃ‡ÃƒO DA LEI INJUSTA: UMA RELEITURA NECESSÃRIA DOS JUÃZES JÃšPITER, HÃ‰RCULES E HERMES DE FRANÃ‡OIS OST
Authors: Lamas LÃ­via Paula de Almeida
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma releitura dos juÃ­zes JÃºpiter, HÃ©rcules e Hermes, de FranÃ§ois Ost, de modo a descobrir qual deles assume o melhor papel quando a lei se apresenta injusta diante de um caso concreto.
UTILIZANDO KHAN ACADEMY EM UMA ESCOLA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Hannas Anandy Kassis de Faria Alvim , Oliveira Fernando Jerri de , Silva Izadora Cristina CorrÃªa , Souza JosÃ© Carlos de , Borges Lidiane Hott de FÃºcio , Hannas Thales Reis
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da utilizaÃ§Ã£o da plataforma virtual de aprendizagem Khan Academy pelos alunos de uma escola privada do ensino fundamental e mÃ©dio, em uma tentativa de verificar se a mesma pode ser utilizada tanto para dirimir dÃºvidas, quanto para obter uma maior motivaÃ§Ã£o dos alunos no estudo de matemÃ¡tica.
IMPACTOS CAUSADOS PELO CRÃ‰DITO RURAL: A PERCEPÃ‡ÃƒO DOS PRODUTORES RURAIS DO MUNICÃPIO DE DURANDÃ‰-MG
Authors: Silva Roberta Aparecida da , Silva Roberta Aparecida da , Souza JÃºlia Alves e , Souza JÃºlia Alves e
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste estudo Ã© identificar como os produtores rurais de DurandÃ© utilizam o crÃ©dito rural e qual a percepÃ§Ã£o dos mesmos sobre a contribuiÃ§Ã£o deste crÃ©dito para o seu processo produtivo. Para alcanÃ§ar o objetivo proposto, foi realizada inicialmente uma pesquisa documental na AssociaÃ§Ã£o dos Trabalhadores Rurais de DurandÃ©, para investigar o nÃºmero de associados, quantos utilizaram o crÃ©dito rural no perÃ­odo englobado pela pesquisa e qual modalidade do Pronaf (Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar) Ã© mais utilizada. Na sequÃªncia, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 30 produtores rurais de DurandÃ©. A partir da anÃ¡lise dos dados obtida atravÃ©s da pesquisa documental e das entrevistas, identificou-se que o Pronaf Custeio Ã© o mais utilizado pelos produtores rurais de tal localidade, sendo que o mesmo Ã© utilizado, predominantemente, para compra de insumos para investir na atividade. Foi identificado tambÃ©m que a maioria dos produtores rurais faz uso do Pronaf pela necessidade de melhorar sua produÃ§Ã£o. Por fim, nota-se que os entrevistados consideram que houve avanÃ§os em seus processos produtivos, ou seja, o impacto do crÃ©dito rural Ã© positivo, e este contribui para a melhoria da atividade dos trabalhadores rurais.
A UTILIZAÃ‡ÃƒO DO JOGO QUEBRA-CABEÃ‡A PARA O ENSINO DE GEOMETRIA
Authors: Rhodes Fabiana da Penha , Pereira Carlos VinÃ­cius de Azevedo , Borges Lidiane Hott de FÃºcio
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo, Ã© possÃ­vel visualizar as dificuldades tanto no ensino quanto na aprendizagem da disciplina de geometria na vida escolar dos alunos. Procura-se tambÃ©m demonstrar que a aprendizagem dos alunos pode variar de acordo com o ambiente escolar e com os mÃ©todos de ensino utilizados pelo professor em sala de aula. Portanto, o apontamento dessas dificuldades encontradas tanto pelo educador, quanto pelo educando, no quesito ensino e aprendizagem da geometria, serve para apontar e buscar as melhores formas de se transmitir e captar os conteÃºdos dessa tÃ£o importante matÃ©ria. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizadas dados documentais, entrevistas, observaÃ§Ã£o direta e a aplicaÃ§Ã£o de questionÃ¡rios aos alunos e professores. Posteriormente, foi possÃ­vel observar que os mÃ©todos tradicionais de ensino nÃ£o sÃ£o suficientes para se possibilitar uma aprendizagem significativa dos alunos, no entanto, utilizando-se o jogo de quebra-cabeÃ§a, notou-se que essa metodologia Ã© viÃ¡vel com relaÃ§Ã£o ao ensino.
OPERAÃ‡ÃƒO FRONTEIRA: UM RECORTE NA HISTÃ“RIA DO CINQUENTENÃRIO 11Âº BPM â€“ MANHUAÃ‡U - MG
Authors: Souza JosÃ© Carlos de
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo analisa o desenvolvimento da â€œOperaÃ§Ã£o Fronteiraâ€ na PMMG (PolÃ­cia Militar do Estado de Minas Gerais), num recorte histÃ³rico da evoluÃ§Ã£o daquela Unidade Operacional â€“ 11 BPM, demonstrando uma visÃ£o sobre a sua implementaÃ§Ã£o, resultados e a sua inserÃ§Ã£o no contexto da criminalidade e a sua repressÃ£o na dÃ©cada de noventa. A Unidade Operacional da PMMG vivia um momento de grandes realizaÃ§Ãµes, por forÃ§a de um esforÃ§o de comando voltado para resultados com qualidade, denominado â€œPadrÃ£o 11 de Qualidadeâ€, quando todos os esforÃ§os eram voltados para a busca constante da reduÃ§Ã£o dos indicadores de violÃªncia, alÃ©m de buscar entronizÃ¡-la no rol das melhores unidades de polÃ­cia do estado.
EUTANÃSIA: ASSASSINATO, SUICÃDIO ASSISTIDO OU LIBERTAÃ‡ÃƒO?
Authors: Schmitz Milene da Rosa
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir e analisar, ainda que de forma singela, o procedimento da eutanÃ¡sia. Para tanto, far-se-Ã¡ uma anÃ¡lise de como esse instituto Ã© encarado em paÃ­ses como o Brasil e Argentina, alÃ©m da BÃ©lgica, Holanda e Estados Unidos, entre outros. Pretende-se convidar o leitor a uma reflexÃ£o acerca do quÃ£o Ã© possÃ­vel, ou nÃ£o, postergar a vida de pessoas que, uma vez acometidas de enfermidades incurÃ¡veis e degenerativas, nÃ£o tenham outro alento para o seu sofrimento, senÃ£o o de desejarem a prÃ³pria morte como um bÃ¡lsamo de alÃ­vio redentor. Em quais circunstÃ¢ncias um mÃ©dico estÃ¡ autorizado, do ponto de vista Ã©tico e jurÃ­dico, a manter um indivÃ­duo vivo, mesmo diante de um tratamento inÃ³cuo? AtÃ© a que ponto Ã© humanitÃ¡rio postergar a vida de uma pessoa que sÃ³ tem a morte como alento? Quais as reais intenÃ§Ãµes dos religiosos e moralistas ao execrarem a eutanÃ¡sia? Estariam fundados na caridade para com o moribundo ou em simples caprichos dogmÃ¡ticos? NÃ£o se tem aqui a intenÃ§Ã£o de determinar qual seria a conduta adequada em casos de tamanho impacto, mas tÃ£o somente tentar apontar algumas diretrizes que possam contribuir para uma melhor anÃ¡lise das reais circunstÃ¢ncias caso a caso.Â
NOVOS DESAFIOS PARA A EDUCAÃ‡ÃƒO: INDEPENDÃŠNCIA, ALIENAÃ‡ÃƒO, DEPENDÃŠNCIA ECONÃ”MICA E PADRONIZAÃ‡ÃƒO CULTURAL
Authors: Oliveira Davidson JosÃ© de Sousa
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo tem a intenÃ§Ã£o de angariar subsÃ­dios para a reflexÃ£o sobre os modernos papeis da escola, diante de um contexto social de tendÃªncias alienatÃ¡rias. Discutir-se-Ã¡ as relaÃ§Ãµes entre o saber e a liberdade humana, num debate voltado para as novas correntes doutrinÃ¡rias que se cruzam quando procuram compreender a funÃ§Ã£o da educaÃ§Ã£o no processo de libertaÃ§Ã£o humana. Procurar-se-Ã¡ saber quais sÃ£o as correntes que defendem a reforma na maneira de se pensar em educaÃ§Ã£o como meio de se conquistar a autonomia. As ideias de liberdade e autonomia serÃ£o postas frente a frente para possibilitar a discussÃ£o sobre como o agir da escola interfere nestes processos.
PONTOS NOTÃVEIS DO TRIÃ‚NGULO POR MEIO DO GEOGEBRA
Authors: Ziviani ClÃ¡udio Henrique , Hott ClemÃªncia Aparecida
Published: July 2019

O desenvolvimento da tecnologia com aplicaÃ§Ã£o no dia-a-dia Ã© um fato notÃ³rio e, no campo educacional, nÃ£o poderia ser diferente, dessa forma podemos considerar ser impossÃ­vel uma sala de aula sem o auxÃ­lio de ferramentas tecnolÃ³gicas, principalmente em aulas de MatemÃ¡tica, isso considerando que os problemas atuais quase sempre nÃ£o podem ser resolvidos apenas com o uso de lÃ¡pis e papel. Neste cenÃ¡rio, nosso trabalho destina-se a mostrar algumas vantagens da utilizaÃ§Ã£o do software Geogebra em tÃ³picos da geometria plana, bem como inserir atividades realizadas com o objetivo de facilitar a aprendizagem dos alunos.
A Ã³tica dos paradigmas sobre os conceitos de lideranÃ§a
Authors: Gargary Ademir , Hoffmann CÃ­ntia Dietrich , Franco Simone Carla Delfino
Published: July 2019

Burrel e Morgan, em 1979, categorizaram quatro paradigmas: funcionalismo, estruturalismo, estruturalismo radical e humanismo radical. Sendo que os dois primeiros compÃµem a sociologia da regulaÃ§Ã£o e os dois Ãºltimos, a sociologia da mudanÃ§a radical. A lideranÃ§a Ã© fundamental para as organizaÃ§Ãµes que desejam alcanÃ§ar seus objetivos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar teorias de lideranÃ§a em cada um desses paradigmas.
Toward the Discovery and Development of PSMA Targeted Inhibitors for Nuclear Medicine Applications
Authors: Pastorino Sara , Riondato Mattia , Uccelli Licia , Giovacchini Giampiero , Giovannini Elisabetta , Duce Valerio , Ciarmiello Andrea
Published: July 2019

Background::

The rising incidence rate of prostate cancer (PCa) has promoted the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals during the last decades. Promising improvements have been achieved in clinical practice using prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) labeled agents, including specific antibodies and small molecular weight inhibitors. Focusing on molecular docking studies, this review aims to highlight the progress in the design of PSMA targeted agents for a potential use in nuclear medicine.

Results::

Although the first development of radiopharmaceuticals able to specifically recognize PSMA was exclusively oriented to macromolecule protein structure such as radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies and derivatives, the isolation of the crystal structure of PSMA served as the trigger for the synthesis and the further evaluation of a variety of low molecular weight inhibitors. Among the nuclear imaging probes and radiotherapeutics that have been developed and tested till today, labeled Glutamate-ureido inhibitors are the most prevalent PSMA-targeting agents for nuclear medicine applications.

Conclusion::

PSMA represents for researchers the most attractive target for the detection and treatment of patients affected by PCa using nuclear medicine modalities. [99mTc]MIP-1404 is considered the tracer of choice for SPECT imaging and [68Ga]PSMA-11 is the leading diagnostic for PET imaging by general consensus. [18F]DCFPyL and [18F]PSMA-1007 are clearly the emerging PET PSMA candidates for their great potential for a widespread commercial distribution. After paving the way with new imaging tools, academic and industrial R&Ds are now focusing on the development of PSMA inhibitors labeled with alpha or beta minus emitters for a theragnostic application.
A Conceptual Idea of Participatory Design with BIM
Authors: Turkyilmaz Emrah , Kizilkan Muhammet Berkay
Published: July 2019

This study aims to investigate the participatory design by using BIM concept and how to increase the quality of life through BIM during the design and usage process. For this purpose, user participation and BIM relationship examined through examples from the world. This paper describes a BIM framework which enables designers to involve users by using information technology. It demonstrates that participatory design approach combined with BIM can make a significant contribution towards an increase in performance in building and in the quality of life.Keywords: BIM; participatory design; collaboration; user needseISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1737
Re-evaluation of the conceptualisation of super levees by focusing on the availability of open space as an evacuation area along the Arakawa River
Authors: Mabahwi Nurul Ashikin Binti , Nakamura Hitoshi
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study is to re-evaluate the conceptualisation of super levees by focussing on the availability of open spaces as evacuation areas along the Arakawa River. By using land use analysis, occupation analysis and cross-section, this study found that open spaces on super levees able to accommodate a large number of evacuees. This proves that the development of super levees is undeniably ready to provide sizeable safe upland evacuation area for nearby residents. This study also implies that the future development of super levee should include more open space by the development of a public park on the site.Keywords: super levee; open space; flood; evacuationeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
Health Research Using Facebook to Identify and Recruit Pregnant Women Who Use Electronic Cigarettes: Internet-Based Nonrandomized Pilot Study
Authors: Lee Harold H , Hsieh Yuli Patrick , Murphy Joe , Tidey Jennifer W , Savitz David A
Published: July 2019

Background

Participant recruitment is often a challenge, particularly enrolling individuals with relatively rare characteristics. The wide reach of social media may provide a mechanism to overcome these challenges.

Objective

This paper aimed to provide information to researchers who seek to recruit participants from rare populations using social media for studies with demanding protocols. We aimed to describe a pilot study protocol that identified and enrolled pregnant women (second or third trimester) who were exclusive users of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). We have described the recruitment methods, time, and cost; examined advertisement types that were more or less successful; discussed participant retention and relationship management; and described the process of collecting biological data.

Methods

In an open-access, nonrandomized pilot study, we placed Facebook advertisements that were selectively targeting women who were likely to be pregnant and interested in e-cigarettes or vaping. The advertisements invited individuals to complete a fully automated eligibility screener based on Qualtrics. Eligible participants were asked to (1) complete a Web-based survey that collected detailed information on the use of e-cigarettes, including the exact type of device and electronic liquid, (2) report the frequency and intensity of e-cigarette use for 3 months before pregnancy and during each trimester, and (3) provide a saliva specimen for a nicotine biomarker assay. We collected a photograph of each participant’s e-cigarette device, 8 weeks after the mother’s due date, to allow corroboration of the self-report and the baby’s birth weight and gestational age from the participant’s physician.

Results

Participants were recruited between August 19 and October 26, 2017. We enrolled 20 participants in 2 months at a cost of US $3421.28. Baseline data were collected for all 20 participants. Of the 20 women enrolled, 16 provided a saliva sample, 4 provided a photo of the e-cigarette device, and 10 provided physician contact information. Of the 10 physicians contacted by mail, 6 responded with information on the participants and their babies.

Conclusions

Study findings suggest that Facebook’s targeting criteria should focus on e-cigarette users to maximize advertisement exposure of potentially eligible women. In addition, saliva sample collection was feasible among pregnant women (second or third trimester) who were exclusive e-cigarette users, but obtaining photographs and physician reports was problematic and called for further refinement. These lessons are likely useful to others who are seeking to use social media to recruit participants from rare populations into studies with demanding protocols.
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapist-Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Stress-Related Disorders: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lindsäter Elin , Axelsson Erland , Salomonsson Sigrid , Santoft Fredrik , Ljótsson Brjánn , Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Lekander Mats , Hedman-Lagerlöf Erik
Published: July 2019

Background

Stress-related disorders are associated with significant suffering, functional impairment, and high societal costs. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) is a promising treatment for stress-related disorders but has so far not been subjected to health economic evaluation.

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of ICBT for patients with stress-related disorders in the form of adjustment disorder (AD) or exhaustion disorder (ED). We hypothesized that ICBT, compared with a waitlist control (WLC) group, would generate improvements at low net costs, thereby making it cost-effective.

Methods

Health economic data were obtained in tandem with a randomized controlled trial of a 12-week ICBT in which patients (N=100) were randomized to an ICBT (n=50) or a WLC (n=50) group. Health outcomes and costs were surveyed pre- and posttreatment. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) based on remission rates and incremental cost-utility ratios (ICURs) based on health-related quality of life. Bootstrap sampling was used to assess the uncertainty of our results.

Results

The ICER indicated that the most likely scenario was that ICBT led to higher remission rates compared with the WLC and was associated with slightly larger reductions in costs from pre- to posttreatment. ICBT had a 60% probability of being cost-effective at a willingness to pay (WTP) of US $0 and a 96% probability of being cost-effective at a WTP of US $1000. The ICUR indicated that ICBT also led to improvements in quality of life at no net societal cost. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of our results.

Conclusions

The results suggest that ICBT is a cost-effective treatment for patients suffering from AD or ED. Compared with no treatment, ICBT for these patients yields large effects at no or minimal societal net costs.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02540317; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02540317
Social Media Outrage in Response to a School-Based Substance Use Survey: Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Gassman Ruth Ann , Dutta Tapati , Agley Jon , Jayawardene Wasantha , Jun Mikyoung
Published: July 2019

Background

School-based alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use (ATOD) surveys are a common epidemiological means of understanding youth risk behaviors. They can be used to monitor national trends and provide data, in aggregate, to schools, communities, and states for the purposes of funding allocation, prevention programming, and other supportive infrastructure. However, such surveys sometimes are targeted by public criticism, and even legal action, often in response to a lack of perceived appropriateness. The ubiquity of social media has added the risk of potential online firestorms, or digital outrage events, to the hazards to be considered when administering such a survey. Little research has investigated the influence of online firestorms on public health survey administration, and no research has analyzed the content of such an occurrence. Analyzing this content will facilitate insights as to how practitioners can minimize the risk of generating outrage when conducting such surveys.

Objective

This study aimed to identify common themes within social media comments comprising an online firestorm that erupted in response to a school-based ATOD survey in order to inform risk-reduction strategies.

Methods

Data were collected by archiving all public comments made in response to a news study about a school-based ATOD survey that was featured on a common social networking platform. Using the general inductive approach and elements of thematic analysis, two researchers followed a multi-step protocol to clean, categorize, and consolidate data, generating codes for all 207 responses.

Results

In total, 133 comments were coded as oppositional to the survey and 74 were coded as supportive. Among the former, comments tended to reflect government-related concerns, conspiratorial or irrational thinking, issues of parental autonomy and privacy, fear of child protective services or police, issues with survey mechanisms, and reasoned disagreement. Among the latter, responses showed that posters perceived the ability to prevent abuse and neglect and support holistic health, surmised that opponents were hiding something, expressed reasoned support, or made factual statements about the survey. Consistent with research on moral outrage and digital firestorms, few comments (<10%) contained factual information about the survey; nearly half of the comments, both supportive and oppositional, were coded in categories that presupposed misinformation.

Conclusions

The components of even a small online firestorm targeting a school-based ATOD survey are nuanced and complex. It is likely impossible to be fully insulated against the risk of outrage in response to this type of public health work; however, careful articulation of procedures, anticipating specific concerns, and two-way community-based interaction may reduce risk.
EKSISTENSI BITCOIN DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAQĀṢID AL-SYAR‘ĪYAH
Authors: Lidia Dara
Published: July 2019

Berdasarkan sejarah, alat pembayaran dari masa ke masa telah mengalami evolusi, pada saat ini terdapat sebuah fenomena yaitu fenomena Bitcoin yang diklaim oleh para  penggunanya sebagai alat pembayaran masa depan yang telah banyak menyita perhatian orang mulai dari kalangan pengusaha hingga mahasiswa. Bitcoin memiliki beberapa kelebihan jika dibandingkan dengan alat pembayaran yang biasa digunakan, di antaranya yaitu sifatnya yang desentralisasi sehingga tidak ada pengendali pusat yang akan ikut campur di dalamnya. Sedangkan pada kebiasaannya, alat pembayaran di suatu wilayah berada di bawah pengawasan pemerintah karena alat pembayaran tergolong kepada kebutuhan primer yang menyangkut kesejahteraan umum. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah  bagaimana eksistensi Bitcoin sebagai alat tukar dan bagaimana keberadaan Bitcoin sebagai alat tukar berdasarkan maqāṣid al-syar‘īyah. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan dan pendekatan maqāṣidī dengan menerapkan metode tarjih maslahat. Keberadaan Bitoin sebagai alat tukar dianggap sah karena terdapat pengakuan secara ‘urf. Akan tetapi status sah tersebut perlu mendapatkan pengesahan pemerintah karena terkait dengan al- maslahat al-‘āmmah, nilai mafsadat pada Bitcoin lebih dominan jika dibandingkan dengan nilai maslahatnya. Dari paparan di atas disimpulkan bahwa keberadaan Bitcoin sah sebagai alat tukar, namun penggunaannya merupakan sesuatu yang harus dibatasi karena probabilitas mafsadatnya lebih dominan yang berada pada tingkat ḍarūriyyāt.. Hal ini sesuai dengan kaidah “menolak mafsadat di dahulukan dari pada mewujudkan maslahat.”
Community Partnership Program (CPP/PKM) High School Teachers in Bandung City and District in E-Learning Based Data Collection Activities
Authors: Saputra Jusep , Kandaga Thesa , Nurcahyo Anggoro Ari
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the Subject Teachers Consultation (STC/MGMP) will be if the teachers are skilled, accustomed and able to develop various activities that are able to support teacher competencies. One of the activities carried out was to participate in the Community Partnership Program (PKM) program development activities with LPTKs such as Pasundan University. The STC included in the Community Partnership Program (CPP/PKM) is the Bandung and City Mathematics STC. Problems with both partners are: (1) Some teachers do not know SPSS and its benefits in research, (2) Understanding of some teachers in collecting data according to the formulation of research problems is still lacking, (3) Some teachers do not know e-learning applications that use video conference. This problem has an impact on the inhibition of research and an increase in the rank of teachers. Approach methods used to overcome problems with training, mentoring, and mentoring. The two partners' solution-resolution procedures will be carried out by the team as follows: (1) Training, mentoring and mentoring in using SPSS features, (2) Training in using e-learning applications (3) Training, mentoring, and mentoring in collect data according to the formulation of research problems. CPP was attended by 14 Mathematics Teachers from the City of Bandung, and 17 Mathematics Teachers from Bandung Regency who were each from the Bandung City and Regency STC. The first meeting resulted in the following conclusions: (1) The quality of CPP in formulating problems, testing instruments, using SPSS features, and video conferencing conducted was very good, (2) The ability of teachers to understand, master, and train in making either test or non-test research instruments are in a pretty good category, (3) the teacher's ability to input data according to data or the scale of the data is in a good category, (4) The teacher's ability to use video conferencing to get guidance and assistance in doing the work is in good category
PELATIHAN TEKNIK PENCELUPAN DAN PENGIKATAN WARNA BENANG KEPADA PERAJIN TENUN CORAK INSANG DI KOTA PONTIANAK
Authors: Melati Husna Amalya , Ratih Yudithya , Kartika Metasari
Published: July 2019

Pelatihan pencelupan dan pengikatan warna benang telah dilakukan kepada perajin tenun corak Insang di kota Pontianak. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk melatih perajin tenun agar dapat melakukan proses pencelupan dan pengikatan warna pada benang yang nantinya akan menghasilkan tenunan bermotif corak Insang. Pelatihan diikuti oleh perajin tenun yang tergabung dalam kelompok swadaya masyarakat yaitu KSM Mekar II dan KSM Pucuk Rebung. Sebanyak 12 orang dari anggota KSM yang mengikuti pelatihan ini. Peserta mendapat penjelasan materi berupa bahan yang digunakan dalam proses pencelupan meliputi zat warna dan penguncinya (fixer) serta praktek pencelupan dan pengikatan warna pada benang. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa peserta telah mampu melakukan proses pencelupan dan pengikatan warna benang yang selanjutnya dianik sebagai benang lusi pada suri serta siap untuk ditenun menghasilkan tenun corak Insang.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru dalam Menyusun RPP Terintegrasi Adiwiyata Berbasis Isu-isu Kritis Lokal pada Calon Sekolah Adiwiyata di Tanjungpinang
Authors: Hindrasti Nur Eka Kusuma , Putri Azza Nuzullah , Muhartati Erda
Published: July 2019

Pembelajaran menjadi aspek yang sangat menentukan dalam penilaian adiwiyata. Namun, merancang pembelajaran terintegrasi adiwiyata masih menjadi kendala bagi guru. Sehingga sebagian besar sekolah tidak dapat mencapai batas minimum untuk lolos menjadi sekolah adiwiyata baik tingkat kota, provinsi, maupun nasional. Selain lemah dalam merancang pembelajaran berupa RPP, guru juga kurang mampu mengangkat isu lokal. Sedangkan sekolah adiwiyata di Tanjungpinang baru mencapai tidak lebih dari 20%. Peningkatan kemampuan guru Tanjungpinang dalam menyusun RPP terintegrasi adiwiyata yang berbasis kearifan lokal mutlak diperlukan agar sekolah adiwiyata di Tanjungpinang semakin meningkat. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) ini dilakukan bagi guru-guru calon sekolah adiwiyata tingkat kota, sekolah adiwiyata tingkat kota, dan sekolah adiwiyata tingkat provinsi di Tanjungpinang. Kegiatan dilakukan dalam bentuk pelatihan dan pendampingan penyusunan RPP. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menyusun RPP terintegrasi adiwiyata berbasis isu-isu kritis lokal bagi guru-guru di Kota Tanjungpinang. Pelaksanaan kegiatan dalam bentuk tatap muka dan daring mulai tanggal 10-17 Oktober 2018. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan PKM bagi guru-guru berlangsung dengan baik. Guru-guru antusias dan terlibat aktif dalam mengikuti kegiatan. Hampir semua guru sudah mampu meningkatkan kemampuannya dalam menyusun RPP. RPP yang digunakan oleh sekolah adiwiyata sebenarnya sama dengan RPP sesuai regulasi kurikulum Kemendiknas, karena regulasi kurikulum sudah memuat pelestarian lingkungan. Dengan demikian tidak ada istilah khusus untuk RPP dan kurikulum sekolah yang melaksanakan adiwiyata.
USABILITY TESTING PADA SISTEM TRACER STUDY UNDIKSHA MENGGUNAKAN METODE HEURISTIC EVALUATION
Authors: Saputra I Made Arya Dwi , Pradnyana I Made Ardwi , Sugihartini Nyoman
Published: July 2019

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat usability sistem tracer study Undiksha yang diukur menggunakan metode Heuristic Evaluation dengan menggunakan 10 variabel usability untuk menentukan rancangan layout sistem yang memenuhi kriteria usability. Sampel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 20 responden alumni Undiksha. Teknik penentuan sampel menggunakan proportionate starafied random sampling sebagai teknik pengambilan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat usability sistem tracer study Undiksha sebesar 60% yang termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Dari hasil analisis kuisioner yang didapat hasil bahwa layout sistem tracer study Undiksha sudah mampu memenuhi kriteria usability sebuah sistem informasi. Sehingga dalam penelitian ini rekomendasi perbaikan berdasarkan hasil kuisioner yang memiliki persentase rendah dan berpedoman pada panduan HCI perbaikan layout. Perbaikan lebih difokuskan pada kejelasan informasi yang disajikan masih sedikit dan kurang update, adanya bantuan yang muncul tepat waktu saat terjadi error, penyajian submenu dan ikon-ikon yang konsisten, adanya keterangan pada link,  dokumentasi yang lengkap, dan adanya menu bantuan untuk mempermudah pengguna dalam mencari solusi jika terdapat kesalahan saat mengakses sistem.
The Correlation of Maternal Childbirth Experience Satisfaction with Postnatal Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scoring
Authors: Al-kubaisi Muna Khaleel , Radeef Ali S , Ismail Hamizah
Published: July 2019

Aim: To evaluate the relationship of childbirth satisfaction and maternal postnatal emotional disturbances and to explore the social-demographic factors that affects the maternal childbirth experience. Methods: The study was performed at Hospital Ampuan Afzan in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. All women presented with labour or elective caesarean sections (CS) at term were counselled to participate in the study. A total number of 600 participants were recruited. Elective CS perform in 99 patients and vaginal delivery achieved by 320 mothers, 40 ended by instrumental delivery and 141 went through emergency CS. Patients were interviewed 24 hours postnatal using two questionnaires; childbirth satisfaction questionnaire and DASS21 for psychological assessment. The data were analysed using possible correlation matrix in SPSS 23 version. Results: Pearson correlation test; Satisfaction had an inverse relation with depression scores (r = -0.14, n = 600, p = 0.001), anxiety (r = -0.125, n = 600) (p = 0.002), and stress (r = -0.116, n = 600, p = 0.005). Independent sample t-test; Women with satisfaction score below the mean (<66.01) have higher depressive mood (4.66 ± 5.31) than women with satisfaction score above the mean (≥66.01) (3.69 ± 5.40) (p<0.03). The same significant relation was seen with stress score (8.91 ± 7.27 and 7.78 ± 7.01 respectively) (p <0.05) but not with anxiety. Mothers who deliver first child (Primiparous) have lower satisfaction than women with previous delivery experience (Multiparous) (64.99 ± 6.31 and 66.70 ± 6.45 respectively) (p < 0.05) and women with neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care (65.08 ± 6.52 and 66.70 ± 6.42 respectively) (p < 0.05) are more liable to have dissatisfaction. Women delivered by elective caesarean section (CS) or instrumentation have lower satisfaction score than normal delivery and emergency CS (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Negative psychological background of mothers affects the level of maternal satisfaction post-childbirth. Primiparous mothers are dissatisfied with childbirth as compared with multiparous women. Neonatal admission to the Intensive Care Unit (NICU) negatively affects maternal satisfaction. Mothers with higher education have better satisfaction score.
Existence and uniqueness of solutions for nonlinear impulsive differential equations with three-point boundary conditions
Authors: Mardanov Mısır J. , Sharifov Yagub A. , Ismayilova Kamala E.
Published: July 2019

This paper is devoted to a system of nonlinear impulsive differential equations with three-point boundary conditions. The Green function is constructed and considered original problem is reduced to the equivalent impulsive integral equations. Sufficient conditions are found for the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the boundary value problems for the first order nonlinear system of the impulsive ordinary differential equations with three-point boundary conditions. The Banach fixed point theorem is used to prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution of the problem and Schaefer’s fixed point theorem is used to prove the existence of a solution of the problem under consideration. We illustrate the application of the main results by two examples.
Ornacitrus: Citrus plants (Citrus spp.) as ornamentals
Authors: Sottile Francesco , Signore Maria Beatrice Del , Barone Ettore
Published: July 2019

The industrial production of citrus plants for ornamental use (ornacitrus) began in Italy at the end of the 1960s due to the need for many citrus nurseries to adapt their activities in a time of crisis for citriculture. Nowadays, the ornamental citrus nursery sector is a well-established industry in many European countries such as Portugal, Spain, Greece, and southern Italy. In Italy, nursery production of ornamental citrus plants has become prominent due to the gradual shutdown of many commercial citrus orchards. Currently, Italy maintains its leadership with more than 5.5 million ornacitrus plants produced annually. Ornamental citrus production regards mainly different cultivars of Citrus and Fortunella species, with lemon as the lead species. In this paper, the contribution of breeding and cultural techniques to the innovation of the sector is reported and discussed. This review aims to give an updated scientific and technical description of a sector with large competitive potential that remains still largely unexplored, pointing out its strengths and weaknesses.
Notes Towards a (Neurobiological) Definition of Beauty
Authors: Zeki Semir
Published: July 2019

Humans know when they themselves experience beauty, even though the term itself has been difficult to define adequately for a variety of reasons. Given this centuries’ old failure to give an adequate definition of beauty, perhaps the time has come to enquire whether the experience of beauty, regardless of its source, can be defined in neural terms.
Embodied Simulation. Its Bearing on Aesthetic Experience and the Dialogue Between Neuroscience and the Humanities
Authors: Gallese Vittorio
Published: July 2019

Embodied simulation, a basic functional mechanism of our brain, and its neural underpinnings are discussed and connected to intersubjectivity and the reception of human cultural artefacts, like visual arts and film. Embodied simulation provides a unified account of both non-verbal and verbal aspects of interpersonal relations that likely play an important role in shaping not only the self and his/her relation to others, but also shared cultural practices. Embodied simulation sheds new light on aesthetic experience and is proposed as a key element for the dialogue between neuroscience and the humanities within the biocultural paradigm.
What, If Anything, Is Linguistic Creativity?
Authors: Bergs Alexander
Published: July 2019

This paper investigates the nature of creativity in language and linguistics. Following Sampson (2016), it distinguishes between F-creativity (which roughly equals linguistic productivity) and E-creativity (which leads to new and unexpected innovations). These two notions of creativity are discussed on the basis of examples from three different domains: snow cloning, mismatch/coercion, and aberration. It is shown that pure E-creativity may only be found in the case of aberration. Both snow cloning and mismatch/coercion are examples for F-creativity, but to varying degrees. As a consequence, it is suggested that in practice, F- and E-creativity actually form a cline, rather than a dichotomy.
Bridging Heterodox Views on Language and Symbols: Gilbert Durand’s Imaginaire and Mark Johnson’s Image Schemata
Authors: García-Valero Benito
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to bridge anthropological and cognitivist research undertaken by Gilbert Durand and Mark Johnson, who studied the phenomenon of meaning making in a similar way, although they had to use different terminology as their disciplines demanded. Durand established systematization for analyzing symbolism by taking into account the position of the body and the perceptions determining the underlying schemata of symbols. Two decades later, Mark Johnson described image schemata as gestalts having an internal structure derived from bodily perceptions. Owing to these similarities, a comparison between Durand and Johnson’s theories is offered first. In the second place, I reviewed the cognitive value of the anthropological regimes of imaginaire described by Durand. During the analysis, the terminology used by these theorists (like ‘image schemata’ or ‘axiomatic schemata’) was comparatively analyzed to find common ground between their positions. In conclusion, the need for recovering theories of imagination proposed by heterodox scholars like Durand is highlighted, since they anticipate the role of images and imagination not only in language, as Johnson demonstrated, but also in the formation of anthropologically relevant symbols, which are of interest for the analysis of literature and other arts.
Effect of settlement of foundations on the failure risk of the bottom of cylindrical steel vertical tanks for liquids
Authors: Hotala Eugeniusz , Ignatowicz Rajmund
Published: July 2019

Different types of foundations are used in steel, above-ground cylindrical storage tanks for liquids. If a sand-gravel foundation is used under the entire bottom of the tank or only in the central part of the tank, settlement can be expected, and it increases after many years of operation. The paper presents the typical kinds and types of soil settlements under the bottoms of the tanks, in which different types of foundations were used. Numerical analyses of the effect of the soil settlement on the state of deformations and stresses in steel sheets of the bottom under one of the real tanks, in which different types of foundations and different cases of settlement were assumed. The results of numerical analyses indicated the possibility of evaluating the state of the soil settlement and bottom sheet deformations on the basis of simple measurements of deformations of the lower part of the tank cylinder. These measurements can be very useful in assessing the possible risk of failure of the tank bottom during each period of its operation, as measurements of settlement of the bottom of a filled tank are not feasible in practice. It has been proposed that in each steel tank, the deformation of the cylinder’s sheets should be measured even before the beginning of exploitation, and that in subsequent periodical measurements, the influence of the soil settlement under the tank on the state of the cylinder deformation and bottom’s strain should be assessed more accurately.
The Factors Associated with the Fatal Outcome of Stroke
Authors: Milojevic Samanovic Andjela , Milovanovic Dragan , Gajic Vladimir , Raskovic Aleksandar , Milojevic Dragan
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with the fatal outcome of stroke. The research was designed as observational, non-interventional study, conducted by the type of case series, and it included 290 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of stroke at Neurology Clinic of the Clinical Center Kragujevac during the observed period from 01/02/2013 to 31/01/2014. The data used for the research were: documentation of Neurology Clinic of the Clinical Center Kragujevac, documentation of the Institute of Public Health Kragujevac and patients’ questionnaires. The results of univariate binary logistic regression pointed out a relevant connection between the fatal outcome of stroke and age (p˂ 0.0001), gender (p˂ 0.0001), the severity of the disease (p = 0.002), smoking (p = 0.021), care for the parents’ health (p = 0.018), the concern about business problems (p = 0.018), while the influence of antidepressants was indicative (p = 0.066), whereas using the multivariate binary logistic regression, it was concluded that age (OR=1.096; 95% CI=1.059-1.134; p<0.001), the severity of the disease (OR=4.324; 95% CI=1.256-14.885; p=0.020) and the use of antidepressants (OR=5.578; 95% CI=1.178-26.423; p=0.030) were factors independently associated with the mortality rate. These findings suggest that it would be useful to carry out additional comprehensive research about all potential risk factors for the occurrence of stroke, and also to establish all the steps that can be taken in order to identify and detect risk factors, their elimination or reduction, and, accordingly, to take aggressive measures of primary and secondary prevention.
Peluang Wirausaha Budidaya Anggrek Dendrobium hybrid
Authors: Rofik Abd
Published: July 2019

Sektor agribisnis di Indonesia diikuti dengan semakin berkembangnya wirausaha  tanaman  anggrek.  Anggrek  memiliki  prospek yang cukup baik untuk diusahakan dalam wirausaha tanaman hias karena mempunyai nilai jual yang cukup tinggi dan menjanjikan keuntungan yang besar. Di  Indonesia   anggrek   merupakan tanaman   yang   mempunyai   nilai   ekonomis tinggi sehingga peluang pemasaran anggrek sangat potensial   baik   untuk   bunga   potong   maupun untuk bunga pot. Potensi usaha yang dapat dikembangkan dari tanaman anggrek meliputi; usaha pembibitan (perbanyakan), usaha pembesaran, usaha perdagangan dan ekspor. Selain produk dalam bentuk bunga anggrek, juga dilakukan penjualan produk sampingan dari kegiatan ini berupa pupuk organik cair, media tanam (arang) dan souvenir anggrek.
Akuntabilitas Dalam Tata Kelola Keuangan Untuk Menyusun Laporan Keuangan Berbasis Akrual Pada Koperasi Syari’ah YBBSU Balikpapan
Authors: Ismawanto Totok
Published: July 2019

Dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan, tim pelaksana berusaha meningkatkan kompetensi pengurus dan anggota terkait tata kelola keuangan yang akuntabel dengan melakukan bimbingan dan pendampingan khususnya dalam penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Koperasi, yang meliputi : (1) Neraca, (2) Perhitungan Hasil Usaha, (3) Laporan Arus Kas, dan (4) Laporan Promosi Ekonomi Anggota. Metode yang digunakan adalah : (1) Identifikasi permasalahan mitra, (2) Perencanaan Kegiatan, (3) Pelaksanaan Kegiatan, yang meliputi; Pendampingan dalam Tata Kelola Keuangan yang akuntabel berbasis akrual, dan Pendampingan dalam menyusun Laporan Keuangan, (4) Evaluasi dan penyempurnaan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah pengurus mampu mengaplikasikan materi bimbingan yang diberikan dalam menyusun pembukuan keuangan koperasi secara benar dan akuntabel. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah adanya motivasi yang tinggi dari pengurus/anggota koperasi untuk meningkatkan kompetensi dalam hal tata kelola keuangan yang akuntabel berbasis akrual dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan. Tim PKM menyarankan, bahwa dengan banyaknya manfaat yang diperoleh anggota/pengurus koperasi syari’ah YBBSU Balikpapan, serta terbatasnya waktu dalam kegiatan ini, maka program PKM dari Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan dapat dilanjutkan pada tahun mendatang.
تشخيص معوقات تطبيق ادارة الجودة الشاملة في جامعة نوروز/دهوك دراسة استطلاعية لاراء اعضاء الهيئة التدريسية
Authors: Abdulsawaf Mahfoudh H.
Published: July 2019

يحمل البحث الحالي تصورات نظرية واخرى تطبيقية تهتم في توسيع دائرة التفكير المعرفي تجاه تبني ادارة الجودة الشاملة وذلك في اطار الحراك الساعي نحو تشخيص معوقات تطبيق ادارة الجودة الشاملة وبشكل عام يحاول تحقيق الاجابة على التساؤل الرئيسي الاتي: ماهي المعوقات التي تواجه تطبيق ادارة الجودة الشاملة في المنظمة المبحوثة واظهرت النتائج ان هناك مجموعة من المعوقات ذات الابعاد القيادية ,التنظيمية,العلمية والمعرفية ,البحث العلمي ,الطلبة والمالية. واعتمادا على ذلك قدمت العديد من التوصيات من اهمها تفعيل نظام للحوافز المادية والمعنوية لغرض تنشيط الجانب البحثي فضلا عن اعادة هيكلية البنية التنظيمية للمنظمة المبحوثة والتوسع في تعييين الكوادر التدريسية ذات الالقاب العلمية العالية.
العوامل الموقعية وأثرها في توطن صناعة الحصى والرمل في قضاء كويه
Authors: Ismael Ahmed J.
Published: July 2019

يلعب القطاع الصناعي دوراً كبيراً في التنمية الصناعية الحديثة وتحقيق الرفاهية للمواطنين من خلال إسهامه في زيادة الناتج القومي، فضلاً عن تحقيق التشابك القطاعي مع الأنشطة الصناعية والقطاعات الإقتصادية الأخرى في البلاد ،عليه أصبح من الضروري الإهتمام بهذا القطاع باعتباره الركيزة الأساسية والعمود الفقري لتطور المجتمعات،ومن بين تلك الصناعات يظهر دور صناعة المواد الإنشائية(ومنها صناعة الحصى والرمل) كونها إحدى الصناعات التي تحتل موقعاً متميزاً بين القطاعات الصناعية المختلفة التي يزداد الطلب على منتجاتها بشكل خاص في المراحل الأولى للتنمية الإقتصادية للبلاد،إذ تسأهم بشكل كبير ومباشر في تكوين رأس المال الثابت في المجتمع، بالإضافة إلى ذلك فانها ترتبط بحياة السكان من خلال علاقتها المباشرة بالتوسع العمراني والنمو الحضري،وتلبية احتياجات الإنسان من السكن والمؤسسات الخدمية الأخرى. إن من أهم مبررات اختيار منطقة الدراسة (قضاء كويه) هو امتلاكها ميزة نسبية في توافر الخامات والمواد الأولية الضرورية لقيام صناعة الحصى والرمل، ولاسيما أن توافرها محلياً يعد عامل جذب لقيام مثل هذه الأنشطة الصناعية. فضلاً عن إعتماداالإقليم وبنسبة كبيرة جداً على المواد الإنشائية المحلية الصنع، خاصة الحصى والرمل ، لسد احتياجاته المختلفة و الاستفادة من توظيف الأيدي العاملة المحلية في المقالع مما يعني توفير الكثير من فرص العمل داخل االإقليم. يهدف البحث إلى إبراز واقع صناعة الحصى والرمل في قضاء كويه من خلال تحديد وتقييم عوامل توطنها وتوزيعها الجغرافي، وأهم المراحل التصنيعية التي تمر بها هذه الصناعة، فضلاً عن تشخيص المشكلات القائمة التي تواجه هذه الصناعة، وطرح الخيارات الكفيلة بتذليلها مستقبلاً.

وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج منها

تركزَ معظم مقالع وحدات صناعة الحصى والرمل في الأجزاء الجنوبية لقضاء كويه وتحديداً على حافات نهر الزاب الصغير، وذلك لتوفر عوامل ومقومات توطنها فيها وبمقدمتها المواد الأولية والمياه .

بلغ عدد العاملين في صناعة الحصى والرمل (113) عاملاً أي ما يشكل نسبة (34.7%) من العاملين في قطاع صناعة المواد الإنشائية في قضاء كويه .

بلغ مجموع المساحات التي تتوطن عليها هذه الوحدات الصناعية ما يقارب (617000م2) أي ما يعادل (246.8 دونم) من أراضي منطقة الدراسة وكان هناك اختلاف كبير بين الوسط الحسابي والإنحراف المعياري لعامل المساحة الذي بلغ (2084.9)درجة أي أنها تتبأين بشكل كبير بين المعامل.

بلغ قيمة الإنتاج الكلي (4050م3/يوم) وبمتوسط حسابي يبلغ(450م3/يوم)مع تباين في الوحدات الصناعية في منطقة الدراسة تبعا لحجم المعامل.