bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermoneutrality improves skeletal impairment in adult Prader–Willi syndrome mice
Authors: Braxton Thomas M , Sarpong Dionne E A , Dovey Janine L , Guillou Anne , Evans Bronwen A J , Castellano Juan M , Keenan Bethany E , Baraghithy Saja , Evans Sam L , Tena-Sempere Manuel , Mollard Patrice , Tam Joseph , Wells Timothy
Published: August 2019

Human Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterised by impairments of multiple systems including the growth hormone (GH) axis and skeletal growth. To address our lack of knowledge of the influence of PWS on skeletal integrity in mice, we have characterised the endocrine and skeletal phenotype of the PWS-IC
del
mouse model for ‘full’ PWS and determined the impact of thermoneutrality. Tibial length, epiphyseal plate width and marrow adiposity were reduced by 6, 18 and 79% in male PWS-IC
del
mice, with osteoclast density being unaffected. Similar reductions in femoral length accompanied a 32% reduction in mid-diaphyseal cortical diameter. Distal femoral Tb.N was reduced by 62%, with individual trabeculae being less plate-like and the lattice being more fragmented (Tb.Pf increased by 63%). Cortical strength (ultimate moment) was reduced by 26% as a result of reductions in calcified tissue strength and the geometric contribution. GH and prolactin contents in PWS-IC
del
pituitaries were reduced in proportion to their smaller pituitary size, with circulating IGF-1 concentration reduced by 37–47%. Conversely, while pituitary luteinising hormone content was halved, circulating gonadotropin concentrations were unaffected. Although longitudinal growth, marrow adiposity and femoral geometry were unaffected by thermoneutrality, strengthened calcified tissue reversed the weakened cortex of PWS-IC
del
femora. While underactivity of the GH axis may be due to loss of Snord116 expression and impaired limb bone geometry and strength due to loss of Magel2 expression, comprehensive analysis of skeletal integrity in the single gene deletion models is required. Our data imply that thermoneutrality may ameliorate the elevated fracture risk associated with PWS.
Destabilization of the Tumor-Inducing Plasmid from an Octopine-Type Agrobacterium tumefaciens Lineage Drives a Large Deletion in the Co-resident At Megaplasmid
Authors: Barton Ian S , Platt Thomas G , Rusch Douglas B , Fuqua Clay
Published: August 2019

Bacteria with multi-replicon genome organizations, including members of the family Rhizobiaceae, often carry a variety of niche-associated functions on large plasmids. While evidence exists for cross-replicon interactions and co-evolution between replicons in many of these systems, remarkable strain-to-strain variation is also observed for extrachromosomal elements, suggesting increased genetic plasticity. Here, we show that curing of the tumor-inducing virulence plasmid (pTi) of an octopine-type Agrobacterium tumefaciens lineage leads to a large deletion in the co-resident At megaplasmid (pAt). The deletion event is mediated by a repetitive IS-element, IS66, and results in a variety of environment-dependent fitness consequences, including loss of independent conjugal transfer of the plasmid. Interestingly, a related and otherwise wild-type A. tumefaciens strain is missing exactly the same large pAt segment as the pAt deletion derivatives, suggesting a similar event over its natural history. Overall, the findings presented here uncover a novel genetic interaction between the two large plasmids of A. tumefaciens and provide evidence for cross-replicon integration and co-evolution of these plasmids.
Gerald Arthur Pratley, OC (1923-2011)
Authors: Editor The
Published: August 2019

It is with great sadness that we announce the passing away of Gerald Pratley on 14 March 2011, the Associate Editor and co-founder of Kinema....
Themes in the Cinema of Darrell James Roodt
Authors: Botha Martin P.
Published: August 2019

WOMEN ON THE MARGIN OF SOUTH AFRICAN SOCIETY: THEMES IN THE CINEMA OF DARRELL JAMES ROODT South African director Darrell James Roodt is one of the most dominant and prolific figures in the South African film industry (Armes 2008: 112), having made a total number of 25 feature films and three television series to date. Surprisingly few academics have devoted chapters in books or doctorate dissertations to his work (Blignaut & Botha 1992; Botha & Van Aswegen 1992; Murphy & Williams 2007; Treffry-Goatley 2010). Roodt's oeuvre includes some of the milestones in South African cinema since 1980s, as well as genre films such as Dracula 3000 (2004), which received negative notices by critics (Murphy & Williams 2007).This article forms part of an ongoing investigation into the cinema of Roodt and is an attempt to explore some of the major themes in his oeuvre.Darrell Roodt was...
Profondeur de champ in Jean Renoir’s The Golden Coach
Authors: Nevin Barry
Published: August 2019

ARTIFICE IN DEPTH: THE EVOLUTION OF PROFONDEUR DE CHAMP IN JEAN RENOIR'S THE GOLDEN COACH The ideal response to the problem posed by colour is to completely avoid […] the vérité extérieure and work entirely in studio décor. [… ] The vérité intérieure is often hidden behind a purely artificial environment.(1)- Jean Renoir […] Realism in art can only be achieved through artifice.(2)- André Bazin The Golden Coach (1953), filmed in the aftermath of Renoir's American experience and the production of The River, can appear somewhat anomalous within the context of his career: the deep, singular hues of the Indian environment and the British family's residence in The River (1951 [cf. Figs. A - B]) are sacrificed for the multicoloured commedia dell'arte costumes worn by Camilla and the rest of the theatre troupe....
The Success of Motion Pictures
Authors: Keil Klaus , Mosig Tobias
Published: August 2019

THE SUCCESS OF MOTION PICTURES – AN ECONOMIC GAMBLE: SELECTED MOVIE EXPLOITATION PHENOMENA More than 5,000 marketable movies are produced worldwide every year - a risky economic gamble running into billions. Despite the potential risk of commercial failure, film producers still try to achieve outstanding box-office results. There are also special movies that are able to preserve or even increase their intrinsic value due to the longevity of their commercial success. This article focuses on distinctive movie exploitation phenomena, which can be observed worldwide. These phenomena show the unpredictability of film success due to the fact that the cycles, the duration, and the progress of film exploitation are unforeseeable. MythSuccess is the big myth of the international film industry: on the one hand enormous profits, glamour, film stars, red carpet shows at Cannes, Berlin, and Venice - the big film festivals. And as climax - the Oscars in...
Méliès’ A Trip to the Moon in Colour
Authors: Uhde Jan
Published: August 2019

GEORGES MÉLIÈS: A TRIP TO THE MOON IN COLOURWithout doubt, the DVD medium can now be considered as a kind of video establishment. Even the more recent Blu-ray disc (BD) is becoming a familiar sight in home theatres. Thousands of new movie titles, many in parallel editions are flooding the video stores, while the prices are sinking, pushed down by generous sales. Moreover, the restoration of old films, shattering cultural, geographical and temporal boundaries are becoming more frequent and more sophisticated, taking advantage of advanced restoration technologies....
Robert Wise’s The Day the Earth Stood Still Part I: A Religious Film?
Authors: Kozlovic Anton Karl
Published: August 2019

ROBERT WISE'S THE DAY THE EARTH STOOD STILL Part I: A RELIGIOUS FILM? AbstractScience fiction (SF) films have frequently been the home for subtextual biblical characters, particularly Christ-figures. Crafting these sacred subtexts can make the difference between an ordinary film and an exceptional one. This investigation intends to explore the religious and other dimensions of the 1951 SF cult classic The Day the Earth Stood Still directed by Robert Wise. In Part 1 of this analytical triptych, the film's reception as a UFO film with political, artificial intelligence (AI), police and philosophical dimensions was canvassed. It was argued that Wise's film contains all of the above genre dimensions; however, it can be more fully appreciated as a profoundly religious film wrapped in contemporary scientific garb. The forthcoming parts will explore the factual elements of this proposition in far greater analytical detail. Introduction: SF and Sacred StorytellingHistorically speaking,...
Exploring the Video Productions of Egyptian Applied Arts Students
Authors: Yousry Mustafa Mahmoud
Published: August 2019

EXPLORING THE VIDEO PRODUCTIONS OF EGYPTIAN APPLIED ARTS STUDENTS AbstractThis paper summarizes the key findings identified during a research project on the use of video for youth self-expression and communication. The project was conducted within the department of Photography, Cinema and Television, Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University (Egypt), where this researcher works as a lecturer of media production. Over one academic year, and during a level-3 media production course, the researcher was involved in teaching 16 young Egyptian students from different background, how to produce short videos. In groups, the students planned and produced several short videos on a range of themes. Afterwards, selections from the students' productions were presented to a sample of 23 adolescents representing the students in other academic levels from the same department. The viewers watched the produced videos and their responses to each production were observed and analyzed. The viewers' comments were...
Models of New Femininity and Masculinity in Soviet Russia in the 1920s
Authors: Levitina Marina L.
Published: August 2019

STARS OF EARLY AMERICAN CINEMA AS MODELS OF NEW FEMININITY AND MASCULINITY IN SOVIET RUSSIA IN THE 1920S This paper explores some of the cinematic links that existed in the 1920s between Soviet Russia and its great "Other", America. It argues that in that decade, stars of silent American cinema, in particular Douglas Fairbanks Sr., Pearl White, and Mary Pickford offered the Soviet viewers, as well as critics and filmmakers, alternative models of new masculinity and femininity. For Soviet Russia in the 1920s, America became a kind of measuring stick of success(1) on the road toward the new, technologically advanced and efficient Soviet society. While the communist future was not yet attained, and the country was undergoing a process of massive transformation, the adjective "American" acquired a new meaning: it became a metaphor for excellence(2) and led to the appearance and wide use of the discursive practice...
Robert Wise's The Day the Earth Stood Still (Part III)
Authors: Kozlovic Anton Karl
Published: August 2019

ROBERT WISE'S THE DAY THE EARTH STOOD STILL PART III: KLAATU'S HOLY ASSOCIATES AND RIVAL RELIGIOUS READINGS AbstractIn Part I, Anton Karl Kozlovic documented how the SF cult classic, The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951, dir. Robert Wise), was traditionally perceived as a UFO film with political, A.I., police and philosophical dimensions, and then argued that it is best understood as a religious film. In Part II, Kozlovic explicated the complex subtextual construction of Klaatu as a Christ-figure in the alien Messiah mould. In this third and final instalment, the critical literature was again reviewed using textually-based, humanist film criticism as the analytical lens to explore how Klaatu's associates buttressed his christic construction and deepened its religious resonance. Rival religious readings of the film were also briefly canvassed. It was concluded that The Day the Earth Stood Still is even more profoundly religious than hitherto appreciated. Further...
Patterns and Links in Satyajit Ray's Fairytale Trilogy
Authors: Mitra Bansari
Published: August 2019

A TRIUMVIRATE: KALEIDOSCOPIC PATTERNS AND THEMATIC LINKS IN SATYAJIT RAY'S FAIRYTALE TRILOGY AbstractThis fantasy trilogy demonstrates that the fairy tale is a very fluid form of narrative. It travels from village to town to city, and from country to country, thereby gaining and losing some outstanding characteristics. Magic always prevails, the most distinguishing feature. It can be used for various purposes because its fantasy lends itself to various forms like allegory, satire, parody, symbolism and even realism, the most opposing genre. We see how the progress of the films and the collaboration of several Ray family members make this trilogy so complex, from fairy tale and slapstick comedy to contemporaneous political satire and necromancy....
The Cinema of Jans Rautenbach
Authors: Botha Martin P.
Published: August 2019

THE ANGUISH OF A DREAMER: ABRAHAM (2014) AND THE CINEMA OF JANS RAUTENBACH Introduction: Rautenbach's cinemaA few pioneers in the Afrikaans film industry of the sixties produced a number of films that could be labelled "involved films". The theme of these films was an examination of the cracks in apartheid ideology. They included Emil Nofal-Jans Rautenbach's films like Die Kandidaat (The Candidate, 1968) and Katrina (1968). Several film historians regard Jans Rautenbach as the pioneer of modern, bold and South African filmmaking in the 1960s and 1970s. Together with producer Emil Nofal he made ground-breaking films during a time when South African cinema hardly reflected the socio-political realities of the country. Born in 1936 in Boksburg, Jansen Delarosa Rautenbach grew up in a very poor household. His father worked in the mines. He started his school years at a primary school in Boksburg. Early influences in his life...
Effects of variable chemical reaction and variable electric conductivity on free convective heat and mass transfer flow along an inclined stretching sheet with variable heat and mass fluxes under the influence of Dufour and Soret effects
Authors: Alam M. S. S. , Ahammad M. U. U.
Published: August 2019

This paper deals with the effects of variable chemical reaction and variable electric conductivity on free convection and mass transfer flow of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid over an inclined stretching sheet with variable heat and mass fluxes under the influence of Dufour and Soret effects. The non-linear boundary layer equations with boundary conditions are transferred into a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations using an established similarity transformation. These non-linear and locally-similar ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by applying Nachtsheim–Swigert shooting iteration technique with sixth-order Runge–Kutta integration scheme. Comparison with previously published work is obtained and excellent agreement is found. The effects of various parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration profiles as well as the local skin-friction coefficient, heat and mass transfer rate from the stretching sheet to the surrounding fluid are presented graphically and in tabulated form for a hydrogen-air mixture. The numerical results showed that chemical reaction parameter K, order of reaction n, Dufour number Df , Soret number Sr and heat (or mass) flux parameter r play a crucial role in the solutions.
On hydromagnetic flow due to a rotating disk with radiation effects
Authors: Devi S. P. Anjali Anjali , Devi R. Uma Uma
Published: August 2019

The effect of thermal radiation on the steady laminar convective hydromagnetic flow of a viscous and electrically conducting fluid due to a rotating disk of infinite extend is studied. The fluid is subjected to an external uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the disk. The governing Navier–Stokes and Maxwell equations of the hydromagnetic fluid, together with the energy equation, are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using the von Karman similarity transformations. The resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations are then solved numerically subject to the transformed boundary conditions by Runge–Kutta based shooting method. Comparisons with previously published works are performed and the results are found to be in excellent agreement. Numerical and graphical results for the velocity and temperature profiles as well as the skin friction and Nusselt number are presented and discussed for various parametric conditions.
Exact solutions for unsteady axial Couette flow of a fractional Maxwell fluid due to an accelerated shear
Authors: Athar Muhammad , Fetecau Corina , Kamran Muhammad , Sohail Ahmad , Imran Muhammad
Published: August 2019

The velocity field and the adequate shear stress corresponding to the flow of a fractional Maxwell fluid (FMF) between two infinite coaxial cylinders, are determined by means of the Laplace and finite Hankel transforms. The motion is produced by the inner cylinder that at time t = 0+ applies a shear stress fta (a ≥ 0) to the fluid. The solutions that have been obtained, presented under series form in terms of the generalized G and R functions, satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions. Similar solutions for ordinary Maxwell and Newtonian fluids are obtained as special cases of general solutions. The unsteady solutions corresponding to a = 1, 2, 3, ... can be written as simple or multiple integrals of similar solutions for a = 0 and we extend this for any positive real number a expressing in fractional integration. Furthermore, for a = 0, 1 and 2, the solutions corresponding to Maxwell fluid compared graphically with the solutions obtained in [1–3], earlier by a different technique. For a = 0 and 1 the unsteady motion of a Maxwell fluid, as well as that of a Newtonian fluid ultimately becomes steady and the required time to reach the steady-state is graphically established. Finally a comparison between the motions of FMF and Maxwell fluid is underlined by graphical illustrations.
The Kaldor–Kalecki stochastic model of business cycle
Authors: Mircea Gabriela , Neamt¸u Mihaela , Opris Dumitru
Published: August 2019

This paper is concerned with the deterministic and the stochastic delayed Kaldor–Kalecki nonlinear business cycle models of the income. They will take into consideration the investment demand in the form suggested by Rodano. The existence of the Hopf bifurcation is studied and the direction and the local stability of the Hopf bifurcation is also taken into consideration. For the stochastic model, the dynamics of the mean values and the square mean values of the model’s variables are set. Numerical examples are given to illustrate our theoretical results.
Global dynamics of a predator-prey system with Holling type II functional response
Authors: Tian Xiaohong , Xu Rui
Published: August 2019

In this paper, a predator-prey system with Holling type II functional response and stage structure is investigated. By analyzing the corresponding characteristic equations, the local stability of each of feasible equilibria of the system is studied. The existence of the orbitally asymptotically stable periodic solution is established. By using suitable Lyapunov functions and the LaSalle invariance principle, it is proven that the predator-extinction equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the coexistence equilibrium is not feasible, and sufficient conditions are derived for the global stability of the coexistence equilibrium.
Optimal control of malaria chemotherapy
Authors: Magombedze Gesham , Chiyaka Christinah , Mukandavire Zindoga
Published: August 2019

We present an intra-host mathematical model of malaria that describes the interaction of the immune system with the blood stage malaria merozoites. The model is modified by incorporating the effects of malaria drugs that target blood stage parasites. The optimal control represents a percentage effect of the chemotherapy of chloroquine in combination with chlorpheniramine on the reproduction of merozoites in erythrocytes. First we maximise the benefit based on the immune cells, and minimise the systemic cost based on the percentage of chemotherapies given and the population of merozoites. An objective functional to minimise merozite reproduction and treatment systemic costs is then built. The existence and uniqueness results for the optimal control are established. The optimality system is derived and the Runge–Kutta fourth order scheme is used to numerically simulate different therapy efforts. Our results indicate that highly toxic drugs with the compensation of high infection suppression have the potential of yeilding better treatment results than less toxic drugs with less infection suppression potential or high toxic drugs with less infection suppression potential. In addition, we also observed that a treatment protocol with drugs with high adverse effects and with a high potential of merozoite suppression can be beneficial to patients. However, an optimal control strategy that seeks to maximise immune cells has no potential to improve the treatment of blood stage malaria.
Analytical solution of MHD free convective flow of couple stress fluid in an annulus with Hall and ion-slip effects
Authors: Srinivasacharya Darbhashayanam , Kaladhar Kolla
Published: August 2019

This paper presents the Hall and Ion-slip effects on electrically conducting couple stress fluid flow between two circular cylinders in the presence of a temperature dependent heat source. The governing non-linear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved using homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of the magnetic parameter, Hall parameter, Ion-slip parameter and couple stress fluid parameter on velocity and  temperature are discussed and shown graphically.
Alternating direction method for two-dimensional parabolic equation with nonlocal integral condition
Authors: Sapagovas Mifodijus , Jakubėlienė Kristina
Published: August 2019

Two-dimensional parabolic equation with nonlocal condition is solved by alternating direction method in the rectangular domain. Values of the solution on the boundary points are bind with the integral of the solution in whole two-dimensional domain. Because of this nonlocal condition, the classical alternating direction method is complemented by the solution of low dimension system of algebraic equations. The peculiarities of the method are considered.
Analysis of a frictionless contact problem for elastic-viscoplastic materials
Authors: Selmani Mohamed , Selmani Lynda
Published: August 2019

We consider a dynamic frictionless contact problem for elastic-viscoplastic materials with damage. The contact is modelled with normal compliance condition. The adhesion of the contact surfaces is considered and is modelled with a surface variable, the bonding field whose evolution is described by a first order differential equation. We derive variational formulation for the model and prove an existence and uniqueness result of the weak solution. The proof is based on arguments of nonlinear evolution equations with monotone operators, a classical existence and uniqueness result on parabolic inequalities, differential equations and fixed-point arguments.
Peristaltic transport of Johnson–Segalman fluid in a curved channel with compliant walls
Authors: Hina Sadia , Hayat Tasawar , Asghar Saleem
Published: August 2019

The present investigation deals with the peristaltic flow of an incompressible Johnson–Segalman fluid in a curved channel. Effects of the channel wall properties are taken into account. The associated equations for peristaltic flow in a curved channel are modeled. Mathematical analysis is simplified under long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. The solution expressions are established for small Weissenberg number. Effects of several embedded parameters on the flow quantities are discussed.
Multiple positive solutions to mixed boundary value problems for singular ordinary differential equations on the whole line
Authors: Yuji Yuji
Published: August 2019

This paper is concerned with the mixed boundary value problem of the second order singular ordinary differential equation[Φ(ρ(t)x'(t))]' + f(t, x(t), x'(t)) = 0,   t ∈ R,limt→−∞ x(t) = ∫−∞+∞ g(s, x(s), x'(s)) ds,limt→+∞ ρ(t)x'(t) =  ∫−∞+∞h(s, x(s), x' (s)) ds.Sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of at least one positive solution are established. The emphasis is put on the one-dimensional p-Laplacian term [Φ(ρ(t)x'(t))]' involved with the nonnegative function ρ satisfying ∫−∞+∞1/ρ(s) ds = +∞.
A coupled common fixed point theorem for a family of mappings
Authors: Choudhury Binayak S. S. , Metiya Nikhilesh , Das Pradyut
Published: August 2019

In this paper we introduce the concept of coincidentally commuting pair in the context of coupled fixed point problems. It is established that an arbitrary family of mappings has a coupled common fixed point with two other functions under certain contractive inequality condition where two specific members of the family are assumed to be coincidentally commuting with these two functions respectively. The main result has certain corollaries. An example shows that the main theorem properly contains one of its corollaries.
A novel chaotic system and its topological horseshoe
Authors: Li Chunlai , Wu Lei , Li Hongmin , Tong Yaonan
Published: August 2019

Based on the construction pattern of Chen, Liu and Qi chaotic systems, a new threedimensional (3D) chaotic system is proposed by developing Lorenz chaotic system. It’s found that when parameter e varies, the Lyapunov exponent spectrum keeps invariable, and the signal amplitude can be controlled by adjusting e. Moreover, the horseshoe chaos in this system is investigated based on the topological horseshoe theory.
A new family of fourth-order methods for multiple roots of nonlinear equations
Authors: Liu Baoqing , Zhou Xiaojian
Published: August 2019

Recently, some optimal fourth-order iterative methods for multiple roots of nonlinear equations are presented when the multiplicity m of the root is known. Different from these optimal iterative methods known already, this paper presents a new family of iterative methods using the modified Newton’s method as its first step. The new family, requiring one evaluation of the function and two evaluations of its first derivative, is of optimal order. Numerical examples are given to suggest that the new family can be competitive with other fourth-order methods and the modified Newton’s method for multiple roots.
A predator-prey model with disease in prey
Authors: Rahman Md. Sabiar Sabiar , Chakravarty Santabrata
Published: August 2019

. The present investigation deals with the disease in the prey population having significant role in curbing the dynamical behaviour of the system of prey-predator interactions from both ecological and mathematical point of view. The predator-prey model introduced by Cosner et al. [1] has been wisely modified in the present work based on the biological point of considerations. Here one introduces the disease which may spread among the prey species only. Following the formulation of the model, all the equilibria are systematically analyzed and the existence of a Hopf bifurcation at the interior equilibrium has been duly carried out through their graphical representations with appropriate discussion in order to validate the applicability of the system under consideration
Existence and uniqueness of solutions for a singular system of higher-order nonlinear fractional differential equations with integral boundary conditions
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhang Xingqiu , Lu Xinyi
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we study the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a singular system of nonlinear fractional differential equations with integral boundary conditions. We obtain existence and uniqueness results of solutions by using the properties of the Green’s function, a nonlinear alternative of Leray–Schauder-type, Guo–Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem in a cone and the Banach fixed point theorem. Some examples are included to show the applicability of our results.
A Treatment-Decision Score for HIV-Infected Children With Suspected Tuberculosis
Authors: Marcy Olivier , Borand Laurence , Ung Vibol , Msellati Philippe , Tejiokem Mathurin , Huu Khanh Truong , Do Chau Viet , Ngoc Tran Duong , Ateba-Ndongo Francis , Tetang-Ndiang Suzie , Nacro Boubacar , Sanogo Bintou , Neou Leakhena , Goyet Sophie , Dim Bunnet , Pean Polidy , Quillet Catherine , Fournier Isabelle , Berteloot Laureline , Carcelain Guislaine , Godreuil Sylvain , Blanche Stéphane , Delacourt Christophe ,   ANRS 12229 PAANTHER 01 STUDY GROUP
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND:

Diagnosis of tuberculosis should be improved in children infected with HIV to reduce mortality. We developed prediction scores to guide antituberculosis treatment decision in HIV-infected children with suspected tuberculosis.

METHODS:

HIV-infected children with suspected tuberculosis enrolled in Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, and Vietnam (ANRS 12229 PAANTHER 01 Study), underwent clinical assessment, chest radiography, Quantiferon Gold In-Tube (QFT), abdominal ultrasonography, and sample collection for microbiology, including Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert). We developed 4 tuberculosis diagnostic models using logistic regression: (1) all predictors included, (2) QFT excluded, (3) ultrasonography excluded, and (4) QFT and ultrasonography excluded. We internally validated the models using resampling. We built a score on the basis of the model with the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and parsimony.

RESULTS:

A total of 438 children were enrolled in the study; 251 (57.3%) had tuberculosis, including 55 (12.6%) with culture- or Xpert-confirmed tuberculosis. The final 4 models included Xpert, fever lasting >2 weeks, unremitting cough, hemoptysis and weight loss in the past 4 weeks, contact with a patient with smear-positive tuberculosis, tachycardia, miliary tuberculosis, alveolar opacities, and lymph nodes on the chest radiograph, together with abdominal lymph nodes on the ultrasound and QFT results. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.866, 0.861, 0.850, and 0.846, for models 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The score developed on model 2 had a sensitivity of 88.6% and a specificity of 61.2% for a tuberculosis diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our score had a good diagnostic performance. Used in an algorithm, it should enable prompt treatment decision in children with suspected tuberculosis and a high mortality risk, thus contributing to significant public health benefits.
A new and showy species of Lepanthes (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from North-Western Ecuador
Authors: Baquero Luis E. , Jaramillo-Vivanco Tatiana , Galarza Verkovitch Denisse
Published: August 2019

A new species of Lepanthes from north-western Ecuador is presented here. Lepanthes mashpica is similar to L. satyrica, with a long, descending, triangular process of the body of the lip but different in the simple and acute appendix versus the vertically bilobed appendix of L. satyrica. The species was found growing in several locations of Mashpi Reserve, a low-land cloud forest close to Quito.

 

Keywords: Ecuadorean orchids, Lepanthes mashpica, Lepanthes satyrica, Mashpi Reserve
Prevalence and Determinants of Depression among Burn Injured Patients Admitted To Specialized Burn Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Ammar Zainab Natiq Naji , Al-Abbudi Shalan Joodah Rhemah , Razaq Emad Abdul
Published: August 2019

Background:

Burn injuries are associated with extreme stress and affect psychological and physical aspects of patients’ health. Depression is a major result of burn injury which affect recovery and rehabilitation of burn injury patients.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and determinant of depression and severity of depression in burn injury patients admitted to the Specialized Burn Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq

Method: Case control study included all adult patients, who fulfilled inclusion criteria. Sociodemographic data and burn related information were assessed by a questionnaire prepared for this study. DSM-V criteria of depression were used to ascertain the diagnosis of depression. Beck depression inventory II was used for assessment of severity of depression.

Results: This study included 120 burn victims. The prevalence of depression was 83.3%. Severity of depression was; mild (36.0%), moderate (44%) and severe depression 20%.

Conclusion: Proper psychiatric assessment for depression of all burn patients is of great importance because depression can affect recovery process in burn survivors.
Phenylobacterium Korensee Best Indigenous Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Contaminated Soil of Bahror, Alwar Region, India
Authors: Kuri Mohan Lal , Kumari Vidhya , Roy Shikha
Published: August 2019

Contamination of soil, water and air due to hydrocarbons are a global issue and bioremediation provides probably the best way to remediate the contaminants. The current study shows the biodegradation of crude oil, diesel and used engine oil by a newly isolated Phenylobacterium korensee from contaminated soil of Bahror, Alwar, Rajasthan. Hydrocarbon degrading strain was screened on BHA (Bushnell Haas Agar) media supplemented with 2T engine oil as sole carbon source. The strain was found to be degrading at 1%, 4% and 10% of used 2T engine oil respectively after 14 days. Degradation was confirmed both gravimetrically and by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy analysis. The degradation was found very well at long term basis. The optimization of growth also studied at temperature and pH basis also. The significance of the study is that the percentage degradation of the complex petroleum supplements used in the study was found to be far higher than some of the previously reported values and this bacterial strain was firstly found from this contaminated site.
Macro-Economic Disequilibrium and Educational Development in Nigeria between 1980-2017
Authors: Salako Gbadebo , Ojo Adejumo Musibau , Francis Jaji Ayobami
Published: August 2019

This study empirically investigates the effects of macroeconomic disequilibrium on educational development in Nigeria. The study employed time series data between 1980 and 2017. Autoregressive Distributed Lag method of estimation was employed. The result revealed that the variables stationarity test were mixed between the first difference I(I) and level I(0). The cointegration result shows that there exist long run relationship between the variables. The result revealed that Balance of payment, Poverty, Debt rate inflation and unemployment exhibited negative relationship with educational development. The estimation result showed that all explanatory variables account for 88% variation of educational development in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that government should fast track policies that can stabilize inflation and exchange rate in the country. Also, Policies must be formulated to reduce poverty and unemployment.
Arcfeldolgozási folyamatok fejlődési diszlexiában
Authors: Oláh Adrienn Réka , Németh Kornél
Published: August 2019

A fejlődési diszlexia újabb vizsgálatai az olvasási zavar mellett gyakran mutatnak ki teljesítménycsökkenést egyrészt a végrehajtó funkciókban (pl. munkamemória-feladatokban), másrészt vizuális tesztekben. Utóbbiak a vizuális feldolgozás ventrális útvonalának féltekei lateralizációt mutató, magasabbrendű, komplex információfeldolgozási zavarára utalnak, aminek az olvasási nehézség vélhetően csak a legszembetűnőbb megjelenési formája. Egy 2011-es metaanalízis alapján a bal fusiform arcfelismerő terület hipoaktivitása egyértelmű diszlexiában, a jobb oldali homológ terület – mely alapvető fontosságú az arcfelismerésben – érintettségével kapcsolatos vizsgálatok eredménye azonban vegyes. Ugyanígy, az arcfelismerés neurális modelljeiben a bal fusiform gyrusban található szóforma-felismerő terület szerepe tisztázatlan. Az összefoglalóban áttekintjük azokat az eredményeket, amelyek összefüggést mutatnak az arcfelismerés és az olvasás funkcionális agyi hálózatrendszere között, és bemutatjuk a fejlődési diszlexiában megjelenő vizuális deficitet.
A társas pragmatikai kommunikációs zavar: terminológiai kérdések, tüneti diagnosztikai módszerek és problémák
Authors: Svindt Veronika
Published: August 2019

A társas (pragmatikai) kommunikáció zavara az autizmus spektrum zavar és a specifikus nyelvi zavar határán álló fejlődési zavar. Vezető tünete a nyelv kontextusban való inadekvát használata más kognitív képességek viszonylagos épsége mellett. Önálló kategóriaként a diagnosztikus és terápiás gyakorlatban való jelenléte meglehetősen friss (2013). A társas pragmatikai kommunikációs zavar (PKZ) mibenléte, pontos etiológiája, vizsgálhatósága, más fejlődési zavarokkal való kapcsolata, illetve azoktól való elkülöníthetősége élénk vitákat generál a zavar körülbelül harminc évvel ezelőtti első leírásaóta. A hazai fejlődéspszichológiai és gyógypedagógiai gyakorlatban jelenleg nincsen átfogó, széles körben alkalmazott eljárás ezen gyermekek célzott szűrésére, és maga a diagnosztikai kategória sem került be a köztudatba. Jelen tanulmány áttekintést kíván nyújtani a téma kutatástörténetéről, valamint a szűrés és a differenciáldiagnosztika nehézségeiről és lehetőségeiről.
Szignifikáns inverz kapcsolat a pajzsmirigy-stimuláló hormon (TSH) és a prosztataspecifikus antigén (PSA) vérszintjei között 40–75 éves korú férfiakban
Authors: Tóth Zoltán , Gyarmati Béla , Szabó Tamás , Vásárhelyi Barna
Published: August 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: Recent experiments and clinical studies indicate the contribution of thyroid hormones to prostate pathology. Aim: In our retrospective analyzis of university patient population, we evaluated the association between thyroid stimulatory hormone (TSH) and prostate specific antigen (PSA). Method: From the Laboratory Information System we retrieved the data of male patients between 40 and 75 years of age who had been subjected to simultaneous TSH and PSA measurements during the last 12 years (n = 7279). The association between logTSH and logPSA levels was tested with multiple regression analysis and adjusted for age. Results: Significant associations between logPSA and logTSH and age (r = 0.297 and 0.472, respectively) were detected. PSA levels were higher in patients with TSH below (n = 405) than in those with TSH within reference range (TSH 0,35–4,95 mU/ml) (n = 6698) (PSA level: 1.118 [0.639–2.338] vs. 0.920 [0.508–1.826] ng/ml, p<0.016). Based on estimates, a 10% decrease in TSH is associated with a 0.42% increase in PSA levels in our population. This corresponds to a 42% increase in PSA levels in the same patient if he would present with 0.2 mU/ml instead of 2.0 mU/ml TSH. Conclusion: The finding that hyperthyreosis might be associated with higher PSA levels indicates that PSA reference ranges would differ in hyperthyreotic and in euthyreotic patients. Probably the PSA clinical decision limits is also recommended to be modified according to the patient’s thyroid status. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(35): 1376–1379.
A dóziscsökkentés lehetőségei CT-képalkotás során az iteratív képrekonstrukció alkalmazásával
Authors: Bajzik Gábor , Tóth Anett , Donkó Tamás , Kovács Péter , Sipos Dávid , Pandur Attila András , Moizs Mariann , Hadjiev Janaki , Repa Imre , Kovács Árpád
Published: August 2019

Abstract:

Introduction and aim: In case of imaging modalities using ionizing radiation, radiation exposure of the patients is a vital issue. It is important to survey the various dose-reducing techniques to achieve optimal radiation protection while keeping image quality on an optimal level. Method: We reprocessed 105 patients’ data prospectively between February and April 2017. The determination of the radiation dose was based on the effective dose, calculated by multiplying the dose-length product (DLP) and dose-conversation coefficient. In case of image quality we used signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based on manual segmentation of region of interest (ROI). For statistical analysis, one sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used. Results: Using iterative reconstruction, the effective dose was significantly lower (p<0.001) in both native and contrast-enhanced abdominal, contrast-enhanced chest CT scans and in the case of the total effective dose. At native and contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scans, the noise content of the images showed significantly lower (p<0.001) values for iterative reconstruction images. At contrast-enhanced chest CT scans there was no significant difference between the noise content of the images (p>0.05). Conclusion: Using iterative reconstruction, it was possible to achieve significant dose reduction. Since the noise content of the images was not significantly higher using the iterative reconstruction compared to the filtered back projection, further dose reduction can be achievable while preserving the optimal quality of the images. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(35): 1387–1394.
A diabeteses cardialis autonóm neuropathia diagnosztikája
Authors: Sztanek Ferenc , Jebelovszki Éva , Gaszner Balázs , Zrínyi Miklós , Páll Dénes , Kempler Péter , Harangi Mariann
Published: August 2019

Abstract:

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a common complication in type 1 and 2 diabetes and is defined as the impairment of autonomic control of the cardiovascular system. CAN is strongly associated with increased mortality, and in some studies with morbidity of vascular complications, such as stroke, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. At the early stages, CAN can be subclinical and it becomes clinically evident as the disease progresses. Subclinically, the disease is defined by cardiovascular reflex testing, which may have prognostic implications. Clinically, the impairment in autonomic function is associated with resting tachycardia, exercise intolerance, orthostatic hypotension, syncope, intraoperative cardiovascular instability, silent myocardial infarction and ischemia, and increased mortality. Although very common and serious, CAN is a frequently overlooked complication of diabetes. Because the progression of cardiovascular denervation is partly reversible or can be slowed down in the early stages of the disease, recent guidelines strongly recommend screening for CAN in patients with diabetes. In this review we summarize the diagnostic tools suggested in the screening for diabetic CAN. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(35): 1366–1375.
Theory of Minds: Understanding Behavior in Groups through Inverse Planning
Authors: Shum Michael , Kleiman-Weiner Max , Littman Michael L. , Tenenbaum Joshua B.
Published: August 2019

Human social behavior is structured by relationships. We form teams, groups, tribes, and alliances at all scales of human life. These structures guide multi-agent cooperation and competition, but when we observe others these underlying relationships are typically unobservable and hence must be inferred. Humans make these inferences intuitively and flexibly, often making rapid generalizations about the latent relationships that underlie behavior from just sparse and noisy observations. Rapid and accurate inferences are important for determining who to cooperate with, who to compete with, and how to cooperate in order to compete. Towards the goal of building machine-learning algorithms with human-like social intelligence, we develop a generative model of multiagent action understanding based on a novel representation for these latent relationships called Composable Team Hierarchies (CTH). This representation is grounded in the formalism of stochastic games and multi-agent reinforcement learning. We use CTH as a target for Bayesian inference yielding a new algorithm for understanding behavior in groups that can both infer hidden relationships as well as predict future actions for multiple agents interacting together. Our algorithm rapidly recovers an underlying causal model of how agents relate in spatial stochastic games from just a few observations. The patterns of inference made by this algorithm closely correspond with human judgments and the algorithm makes the same rapid generalizations that people do.
AutoSense Model for Word Sense Induction
Authors: Amplayo Reinald Kim , Hwang Seung-won , Song Min
Published: August 2019

Word sense induction (WSI), or the task of automatically discovering multiple senses or meanings of a word, has three main challenges: domain adaptability, novel sense detection, and sense granularity flexibility. While current latent variable models are known to solve the first two challenges, they are not flexible to different word sense granularities, which differ very much among words, from aardvark with one sense, to play with over 50 senses. Current models either require hyperparameter tuning or nonparametric induction of the number of senses, which we find both to be ineffective. Thus, we aim to eliminate these requirements and solve the sense granularity problem by proposing AutoSense, a latent variable model based on two observations: (1) senses are represented as a distribution over topics, and (2) senses generate pairings between the target word and its neighboring word. These observations alleviate the problem by (a) throwing garbage senses and (b) additionally inducing fine-grained word senses. Results show great improvements over the stateof-the-art models on popular WSI datasets. We also show that AutoSense is able to learn the appropriate sense granularity of a word. Finally, we apply AutoSense to the unsupervised author name disambiguation task where the sense granularity problem is more evident and show that AutoSense is evidently better than competing models. We share our data and code here: https://github.com/rktamplayo/AutoSense.
GRN: Gated Relation Network to Enhance Convolutional Neural Network for Named Entity Recognition
Authors: Chen Hui , Lin Zijia , Ding Guiguang , Lou Jianguang , Zhang Yusen , Karlsson Borje
Published: August 2019

The dominant approaches for named entity recognitionm (NER) mostly adopt complex recurrent neural networks (RNN), e.g., long-short-term-memory (LSTM). However, RNNs are limited by their recurrent nature in terms of computational efficiency. In contrast, convolutional neural networks (CNN) can fully exploit the GPU parallelism with their feedforward architectures. However, little attention has been paid to performing NER with CNNs, mainly owing to their difficulties in capturing the long-term context information in a sequence. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective CNN-based network for NER, i.e., gated relation network (GRN), which is more capable than common CNNs in capturing long-term context. Specifically, in GRN we firstly employ CNNs to explore the local context features of each word. Then we model the relations between words and use them as gates to fuse local context features into global ones for predicting labels. Without using recurrent layers that process a sentence in a sequential manner, our GRN allows computations to be performed in parallel across the entire sentence. Experiments on two benchmark NER datasets (i.e., CoNLL2003 and Ontonotes 5.0) show that, our proposed GRN can achieve state-of-the-art performance with or without external knowledge. It also enjoys lower time costs to train and test.
Title-Guided Encoding for Keyphrase Generation
Authors: Chen Wang , Gao Yifan , Zhang Jiani , King Irwin , Lyu Michael R.
Published: August 2019

Keyphrase generation (KG) aims to generate a set of keyphrases given a document, which is a fundamental task in natural language processing (NLP). Most previous methods solve this problem in an extractive manner, while recently, several attempts are made under the generative setting using deep neural networks. However, the state-of-the-art generative methods simply treat the document title and the document main body equally, ignoring the leading role of the title to the overall document. To solve this problem, we introduce a new model called Title-Guided Network (TG-Net) for automatic keyphrase generation task based on the encoderdecoder architecture with two new features: (i) the title is additionally employed as a query-like input, and (ii) a titleguided encoder gathers the relevant information from the title to each word in the document. Experiments on a range of KG datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art models with a large margin, especially for documents with either very low or very high title length ratios.