bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Determination of Metabolites of Turkestan Soaproot (Allochrusa gypsophiloides (Regel) Schischk.) Grown in Kazakhstan
Authors: MURSALIYEVA Valentina , ALGASY Akmaral , MUKHANOV Tlek , MAMMADOV Ramazan , GEMEJİYEVA Nadezhda
Published: November 2022

Allochrusa gypsophiloides (Regel) Schischk. (Caryophyllaceae Juss.), Turkestan soaproot (TSR) is a super producer of triterpene saponins with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity and high surface-active properties. The realization of his full commercial potential requires biochemical studies with a focus on the metabolites dynamics at various phases of plant development and in connection with the storage duration of raw plant material. Spectrophotometric determination of saponins in terms of oleanolic acid was carried out in roots with different morphometric parameters and the aerial part from wild plants collected in the south of Kazakhstan. The content of saponins, carbohydrates, phenols, and flavonoids as well as the foaming properties of ethanol extracts obtained from air-dried TSR roots before and after their long-term storage were evaluated. The maximum quantity of saponins was revealed in average roots from middle-aged and mature generative plants in fruiting. A high level of saponins was detected in the aerial part of plants during the flowering, which decreased twice at the fruiting stage. After long-term storage of the roots, an increase in the initial content of saponins and flavonoids combined with a decrease in carbohydrates was noted. Saponins accumulation was confirmed by a 12-fold increase in the foaming index in the aqueous extract from the deposited roots relative to its initial value in the extract from the original roots. The data obtained indicate the possibility of alternative use of the aerial part of the original plants of A. gypsophiloides at the flowering stage to obtain triterpene saponins.
Physicochemical Properties of Rice Bran Hydrolysate Prepared in a Pilot Scale Process and Its Application in Milk Tablets
Authors: Khongla Chompoonuch , Chuaingan Jitpanu , Siadkhunthod Thanachon , Somnam Patiphan , Musika Sumalee , Sangsawad Papungkorn
Published: November 2022

The objectives of this study were to produce rice bran hydrolysate (RBH) in a pilot-scale process and determine its physicochemical properties including chemical compositions, α-amino contents, molecular weight (MW) distribution and antioxidant activities. The results found that RBH contained a crude protein of 16.14 %, α-amino contents of 51.56 mg Leucine Eq./g RBH, ABTS radical scavenging activity of 20.17 mg Trolox Eq./g RBH, and FRAP value of 5.77 mg Trolox Eq./g RBH. The major peak of MW peptides of RBH was 753 - 6,088 Da (50.81 %). RBH in various levels (0 - 2.0 %) was supplemented in milk tablets. Physicochemical properties, and sensory evaluation (9-point hedonic scale) of all milk tablets were then determined. The result indicated that the milk tablets with 2.0 % RBH (MT_2%RBH) contained higher antioxidant activities than the others, however, the overall acceptability score of all milk tablets was not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05). MT_2 %RBH was selected for further development by adding 2.0 % cocoa (MT_2%RBHC) and 2.0 % vanilla powder (MT_2%RBHV). The MT_2%RBHC containing higher antioxidant activities and sensory attributes score than the others was further selected for microbiological qualities, consumer and purchase tests (n = 300). It was found that MT_2%RBHC was accepted by 300 people, with an overall acceptability score of 7.16 (Like moderately), and its microbiological qualities, including total bacteria, total yeast and mold and Escherichia coli did not exceed the standard limits. These results suggested that RBH produced in the pilot-scale process has a potential as nutritive and antioxidative supplementation in milk tablets.
HIGHLIGHTS

Rice bran hydrolysate (RBH) has a potential for production in a pilot-scale process
The major peak of molecular weight (MW) peptides of RBH was 753 - 6,088 Da (50.81 %)
RBH has a potential as antioxidative supplementation in milk tablets
Cocoa milk tablets supplemented with RBH were accepted by 300 panelists
Microbiological qualities of milk tablet did not exceed the standard limits

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
O equilíbrio reflexivo e seu papel na teoria da justiça como equidade
Authors: KISTEMACHER WELTER NELSI
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo corresponde a um pequeno fragmento de nossa tese dedoutorado intitulada “O problema da estabilidade na justiça como equidade: da teoria moralà defesa de uma concepção política”, defendida no ano de 2013. A proposta aqui é a deapresentar que, na defesa dos princípios da justiça como equidade, desenvolvidos pelofilósofo John Rawls, encontramos dois importantes recursos argumentativos, sendo oprimeiro deles a posição original e o segundo o recurso ao equilíbrio reflexivo. Rawls propõea ideia de posição original como recurso argumentativo para a escolha dos princípios dejustiça como equidade. Associado a esse recurso, Rawls acrescenta um segundo, o equilíbrioreflexivo, com o intuito de justificar os princípios de justiça escolhidos na posição original.Nosso propósito é de mostrarmos a importância do equilíbrio reflexivo para a teoria da justiçacomo equidade.
Evolucionismo e racismo no Brasil 1870-1940: uma investigação acerca do conceito de raça
Authors: FREZZATTI JR WILSON ANTONIO
Published: November 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar em que sentido a noção de raça pode ser consideradametafísica, ou seja, abstrata, absoluta e ahistórica, sendo inseparável do pensamento racista, mesmodaquele com pretensa fundamentação científica. Entendemos o racismo como o desprezo e ahierarquização das diferenças existentes entre os seres humanos. Como pano de fundo histórico,apresentamos as principais formas que o racismo ocorre no pensamento brasileiro de 1870 a 1940.
Filosofia como insônia
Authors: GAMBIM PEDRO
Published: November 2022

O texto discorre, a partir da obra de Lévinas, a experiência da insônia como atitude dodespertar como fenômeno genuinamente filosófico que urge em nós para além do plano ontológico,isto é, como significância de outrem.
Study and Comparison of Carnot Engine with Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Fuel Engines.
Authors: Atharva Patki
Published: November 2022

Today we are facing a crisis of fossil fuels and gasoline prices are at an all-time high due to various reasons. The rapid depletion and soaring prices of fossil fuels have forced us to discover new renewable resources to be used as fuels. With being renewable our energy systems should be sustainable, safe, and cost-effective. We can look forward to Hydrogen as one of the significant energy resources. The thermal efficiency of the Carnot engine is maximum. A comparison is made of Carnot efficiency and the efficiencies of other neat fuel and hydrogen-enriched fuel in engines as well as the fuel cells. For the same, we have studied hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen use as primary fuel, and hydrogen used as secondary fuel in gasoline, diesel, and CNG engine. The outcome of this research was found to be a significant rise in the thermal efficiency of these engines in comparison with neat lean fuel mixtures.
Identidades em jogo: o papel dos desenvolvedores no processo de formação de identidades em jogos digitais
Authors: Menezes Helena Carvalhais
Published: November 2022

Neste artigo, será estudado o processo de construção de identidades projetivas em Littlewood, um jogo digital criado por Sean Young e publicado pela SmashGames. Segundo o pesquisador estadunidense James Paul Gee, a identidade projetiva é aquela construída dentro do jogo em consequência da interação entre o jogador (mundo concreto) e a personagem (mundo digital). A proposta deste artigo é mostrar por meio de um estudo de caso que o papel dos desenvolvedores é fundamental durante a gênese dessa identidade, já que são eles quem determinam as regras do jogo e disponibilizam as ferramentas práticas que o jogador utiliza para interagir com o mundo digital.
Interações sensíveis e inteligíveis em uma plataforma de aprendizagem digital: uma abordagem semiótica
Authors: Bueno Alexandre Marcelo , Vasconcellos Alessandro Itokazu
Published: November 2022

As plataformas educacionais de ensino proporcionam acesso ao conhecimento formal e, ao mesmo tempo, a uma diversificação nos temas e nos modos de aprendizado, uma vez que poderá se valer de variados mecanismos que considerar pertinente em um único espaço digital. Este trabalho tem por objetivo examinar a plataforma Me Salva! a partir do quadro teórico e metodológico da semiótica de linha francesa. Em especial, este trabalho recorre ao regime de interações e sentidos elaborado por Eric Landowski como ponto de partida para análise da plataforma, tomando como ponto de vista o sujeito-estudante. Dividimos nossa análise em dois grandes blocos: um referente à dimensão inteligível da significação e outro referente à dimensão sensível do sentido. Constatou-se que, no discurso da plataforma, predomina a realização de interações programadas, na medida em que há toda uma automatização necessária para que o sujeito-estudante possa acessar o conteúdo da plataforma. Contudo, há também outras possibilidades interacionais na mesma plataforma, como a manipulação que a marca realiza para que se compre pacotes, assim como uma relação de ajustamento, em uma dimensão mais sensível dessa relação plataforma e sujeito-estudante. Pudemos, assim, observar como o sujeito-estudante, na plataforma, tem ao menos dois grandes caminhos a trilhar em sua relação com o plano de expressão da plataforma.  Esperamos que os postulados teóricos mais recentes da semiótica possam contribuir com a discussão sobre metodologia e modos de interagir com o intuito de otimizar o desempenho dos alunos.
Direitos e interdisciplinaridade no campo de trabalho da assistência social
Authors: Dias Lúcia Regina Ruduit , Trein Anna Luiza
Published: November 2022

O artigo é resultado das discussões, em espaços de produção de conhecimento, sobre duas pesquisas que têm em comum as temáticas da interdisciplinaridade, dos direitos humanos e da assistência. Uma delas foi realizada com trabalhadores no campo da assistência jurídica e a outra com usuários da assistência social. Ambas utilizaram a pesquisa intervenção como estratégica metodológica. A partir das discussões entre os dois campos foi possível ver que o trabalho interdisciplinar é ferramenta importante na defesa de direitos no âmbito da assistência social e que a suspensão das fronteiras disciplinares, a abertura para a alteridade, a reflexão sobre as próprias práticas e a educação permanente são fundamentais neste processo.
O caráter performático da linguagem judicial
Authors: Filho Paulo Ferrareze
Published: November 2022

O estudo que segue, inserido no campo de pesquisa atinente às teorias da decisão judicial, busca refletir, a partir de breve revisão bibliográfica, sobre a potência performática da linguagem judicial a partir das narrativas produzidas na jurisdição. Para tanto, recuperam-se preceitos da filosofia sofista como a persuasão e a retórica, que vão associados aos aspectos narrativos da decisão judicial. O objetivo da pesquisa é demonstrar, pela via da interdisciplinaridade, a fragilidade das teorias da decisão judicial que sustentam a hipótese de que é possível encontrar respostas normativamente corretas nas decisões judiciais.
Apresentação
Authors: BRACCHI Daniela Nery , FERREIRA Michele Guerreiro , LIMA Michele Mara de Araújo Espíndula
Published: November 2022

Apresentação do volume 8, número 17.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Projek pada Sekolah Penggerak di Era Digital
Authors: Hidayati Naning , Hidayati Dian , Hani Saputro Zusuf , Lestari Tutik
Published: November 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendiskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran projek di Sekolah Penggerak dengan berbagai tantangan dan strategi yang ditempuh agar pelaksanaanya lebih efektif.  Pembelajaran projek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila dalam Kurikulum Merdeka belum digunakan oleh semua sekolah. Kurikulum ini masih terbatas dilaksanakan oleh Sekolah Penggerak saja. Kondisi ini menjadikan sebagian besar guru belum paham tentang pembelajaran projek. Padahal pembelajaran projek mudah dilaksanakan apalagi di era digital ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model studi kasus Miles dan Huberman.  Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa  pembelajaran projek di sekolah ini telah dilaksanakan dua putaran dalam satu tahun.  Dalam pelaksanaanya, ditemukan beberapa tantangan, yaitu ketidakkompakan antar anggota kelompok, belum sinkronnya mindset antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah, dan pembiayaan dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran projek.  Strategi sekolah untuk menjawab tantangan tersebut diantaranya adalah diadakan pertemuan secara berkala antara siswa, wali kelas, dan guru BK. Dalam pertemuan tersebut diberikan penguatan dan motivasi tentang pentingnya hidup bekerjasama. Sekolah melaksanakan penilaian hasil belajar secara mandiri agar lebih sesuai dengan kondisi sekolah. Pembiayaan kegiatan projek menggunakan dana pengembangan siswa ketika awal masuk tahun ajaran baru.
Diagnosis of intestinal protozoa in three species of Tigris river in Tikrit city and the extent of fishermen injury with Cryptosporidium
Authors: Hussein Maaz Ali , Mahmood Ashraf Jamal
Published: November 2022

The current study was completedduring the period from September 2016 until the end ofAugust 2017, to investigate the intestinalprimitives infective of three species offishcaught from the waters ofthe TigrisRiverpassing through the city of Tikrit.Some 913 fish were surveyedthree types of fishtradedinthe local market of Tikrit (including 468 fishes of Cyprinus carpio, 238 fishes ofSliurustriostegus and 207 fishes of Planiliza abu).Andtodetermine the incidence andseverity of the infection of thesepredisposed primary animals. The intestines were examinedtodetectintestinalparasites, showinjury of some of these fish with 7 types of intestinal parasites. The parasites diagnosed included five types of primary animals (including one species of Kinetoplastida is Cryptobia iubilans one type of sporozoa was also recorded inCryptosporidium).
Effect of antioxidant and cryoprotectants on the quality and shelf life of pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) minced meat under frozen storage
Authors: Pan Soma , Dora K. C. , Chowdhury Supratim , Murmu Prasanta , Ikbal Asik , Nath Swarnadyuti , Bhattacharya Ankures , Roy Sayani
Published: November 2022

In the present study, the effect of frozen storage on quality-related parameters of Pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) minced meat was evaluated on 4 samples stored for 120 days. Cryoprotectant and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were used in the minced meat to see their effect on frozen storage quality. The protein and other biochemical compositions of minced meat decreased significantly (p<0.05) with the increase in Total volatile base- nitrogen (TVB-N), peroxide value (PV), pH and total plate count (TPC) during storage. Texture quality was improved during storage. Based on the study, sample treated with BHA and cryoprotectants had no synergetic effect on minced meat during frozen storage and proving longer shelf life.
Molecular detection of antimicrobial resistant genes (ermB, mef and tetM) in Streptococcus pneumoniae in Baghdad hospital
Authors: Fahran Dina Muthana , Al-Saadi Basima Qasim Hasan
Published: November 2022

In recent years antibiotic resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae strains has caused significant health problems worldwide. Current study was under taken to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and to explore the presence of three antimicrobial resistant genes (erythromycin ribosomal methylase B ermB, macrolide efflux mef(A/E), and tetracycline resistance determinant tetM) in clinical isolates at different hospital in Baghdad city. The research was carried out at the University of Baghdad’s Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, as well as in the laboratories of Baghdad hospitals. Twenty-five isolates of S. pneumoniae were identified by using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as the diagnosis by VITEK2 system. All isolates studied were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing using the disc diffusion method. By Kirby–Bauer test. Using 10 antibiotics represented by Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Chloramphenicol, Clarithromycin, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Imipenem/EDTA, Levofloxacin, Tetracycline and Vancomycin. The resistance percentage of the isolates were 28%, 28%, 24%, 80%, 80%, 80%, 0%, 0%, 64%, 72% respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from S. pneumoniae isolates and was applied in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify certain genes. The PCR results were: fifteen isolates (60%) show positive results for the presence of ermB gene and the amplicon size was 745bp. Six isolates (24%) show positive results for the presence of mef gene and the amplicon size was 315bp. Twelve isolates (48%) show positive results for the presence of tetM gene and the amplicon size was 406bp. As concluded from the present study, that the results exhibited that the presence of the antibiotic resistance pattern can be considered as a serious issue.
Diabetes mellitus effect on patients with myocardial infarction through some biochemical markers with magnesium and vitamin D in Basrah
Authors: Abdullah Zainab A. , Mohammed Nidhal Y. , Aljazaeari Qays Ali
Published: November 2022

Cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD) are a serious health threat (Curtis et al, 2018). And are currently responsible for 30% of all deaths worldwide with most of the burden now occurring in developing countries (Young and Speight, 2020). This risk is increased for people with diabetes whose bodies cannot produce enough insulin or use insulin effectively. The aim of this study is to use cardiac biomarkers for stratification and assist with timely diagnosis of patients, as these indicators are released into the bloodstream due to stress or heart damage. Diabetes biomarkers: show a significant increase when comparing patients, who have MI with DM (in both genders) to the control group in each life stage. Cardiac biomarkers: show significant differences when, comparing patients having MI with DM to the control group in all life stages for (male & female), except (LDH in males in age (56-75) year. The same behavior was shown in patients having MI without DM, except (AST, LDH, CK-MB in age 56-75 & myoglobin in age 67-75) in females and (AST, LDH in age 56-75) in males. Vitamin D & Mg: shows significant difference when comparing patients having MI with DM to the control group in all life stages for (male & female). Urea & creatinine: show a significant difference when comparing (MI) patients with DM to the control group in life stages (56-66 in males and 56-75 in females). In conclusion, the study revealed significant differences in different biomarkers between myocardial infarction patients with and without diabetes compared to the control group.
Morphological and molecular diagnosis of bio-fungus isolate Penicillium commune DSKZ and its laboratory use in biological control of pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) DeBary causing white mold on eggplant
Authors: Al-Karaawi Kadhim Zghair Khudair , Al-Waily Dhia S.
Published: November 2022

The selected fungus isolate Penicillium was diagnosed according to morphological and molecular characteristics when cultured on PDA culture media. The results of DNA extraction from spp. Penicillium fungus that had subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed the possibility of duplicate PCR-amplified products with an expected size of 550 nitrogenous base pairs by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in the presence of pair of the Forward primer (ITS1) and Reverse primer (ITS4). This is considered the first recording for this isolate in Iraq, and it was registered in the gene bank by a name of DSKZ and its code in the gene bank was MT065753.1, which was registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Some laboratory tests were conducted on this bio-fungus, where the treatment of antagonism between P.commune fungus and the pathogenic fungus S.sclerotiorum gave the highest percentage of inhibition, which amounted to 86.1, with highly significant differences compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 0.00%. The concentrations of 50% and 60% in the non-heat-treated fungal extracts (non-sterile) in terms of colony diameter and the percentage of inhibition for pathogenic fungus have excelled on the rest of the concentrations, which gave the highest values amounted to 0.00, 100%, respectively, for both concentrations. As for the treatment of the thermally treated fungus extracts (sterilized with an autoclave device at a temperature of 121°C and a pressure of 1.5 kg.cm-1 for 20 min), the 60% concentration has excelled on the rest of the concentrations by giving it the highest values in terms of colony diameter and the percentage of inhibition, which amounted to 1.012 cm and 88.8%, respectively, compared to the control treatment in which the colony diameter and percentage of inhibition amounted to 9.00 cm and 0.00%, respectively. P. commune extracts concentrations also caused an increase in the percentage of germination for eggplant seeds at a probability level of 0.05.
Effect of some inorganic phosphate salts on Acinetobacter baumannii growth
Authors: Yazaa Nawal Barzan , Al-Haideri Halah H.
Published: November 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii is considered as a gram-negative, ubiquitous nonmotile organism, it’s growth is limited by many conditions such as phosphate abundance. Phosphorus is the most essential element contributes too many biological processes like energy metabolism, the inheritance of genetic materials, intracellular signalling, and membrane integrity. In this study, different phosphorus sources and concentrations were used to detect the best source and the best concentration for bacterial growth. Serial concentrations (5,10.15,20,25,30,35 mg ml-1) of KH2 PO4 and K2HPO4 were used as inorganic phosphate source in nutrient broth to culture A. baumannii ATCC 17904 and A.baumannii HHR 1 The results showed that 5 mg ml-1of KH2 PO4 is the best source and best concentration for both isolates, where the bacterial growth was increased to OD600 of 1.596 for A. baumannii ATCC 17904 and 1.580 for A. baumannii HHR1 after 20 h, whereas, bacterial growth was slightly decreased when 35 mg ml-1 of KH2 PO4 was added to both isolates in comparison to the control. As for using of K2HPO4 , it was noticed that the growth of A. baumannii ATCC 17904 and A. baumannii HHR1 in the presence of 5 mg ml-1 (K2HPO4 ) increased the growth to approximately OD600 of 1.580 and 1.541 for both isolates respectively, compared to the control and other concentrations where the growth of both isolates slightly less than that of 5 mg ml-1.
The role of mast cells and some immune factors in pathogenicity of acute appendicitis in children
Authors: Salman Noor S. , AL-Sharqi Sahar A. H. , Joda Ali E.
Published: November 2022

Acute Appendicitis (AA) is one of the most common acute abdominal conditions, which necessitates its appendectomy. This study focuses on evaluating the role of mast cells and some immune factors in the pathogenicity of acute appendicitis in children with AA compared to healthy children. Tissue samples were taken from 30 children with AA (19 males and 11 females) during the appendectomy, and the samples were preserved in 10% formalin for tissue preparation. Blood samples were obtained from 30 AA children and 20 healthy children. These samples were collected from the Central Teaching Hospital for Children in Baghdad during the period from October 2020 to January 2021. The age distribution showed no significant difference between AA patients and the control group. The enumeration of mast cells in the appendix tissue with AA showed an increase in numbers in appendix tissue using Alcian blue safranin, the most predominant grade was grade +1 and +2 more than grade +3 in the AA patients. Some Complete Blood Count (CBC) revealed that there was a significant elevation (p ≤ 0.01) in the count of total White Blood Cell (WBC), neutrophils and (p ≤ 0.05) in the count of platelets in the AA patients group compared to the control group. There was non-significant in the count of lymphocyte, Red Blood Cell (RBC) and Hematocrit (HCT) (p < 0.05) in the AA patient groups compared to the control group. There was a highly significant elevation (p < 0.01) in the serum hs-CRP level in the AA group compared to the control group. In conclusion, the study revealed changes in numbers of mast cells and some immune factors results different in AA children compared to healthy children.
Melatonin efficacy in comparison with PMSG-HCG program for induction of fertile estruc in Iraqi anestrus bitches
Authors: Fetean Bakir A. , Alyasiri Enas A.
Published: November 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the ability of melatonin as S/C implant in induction of fertile estrus in bitches, evaluation the treatment with PMSG-HCG in induction of estrus, and monitoring serum concentration of Estrogen and Progesterone before and after treatment, during November (2020) to May (2021) at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. Therefore, 21 local female dogs aged 2-4 years and two fertile males aged 2-5 years were used for natural insemination. Animals were divided equally into 3 groups including 1st group were treated with Melatonin implant S/C 18 mg /animals, 2nd group were treated with PMSG I.M 30 IU / animal for 7 days, in day 8 hCG I.M 100 IU / animal were injected and 3rd group were left as control (without treatment). After that, the bitches were subjected for clinical examination and behaviors investigation, vaginal smears sampling and hormonal evaluation (estrogen and progesterone). The findings of vaginal cytology reveled that parabasal and superficial cells were predominant during the estrus phase. Animal response recorded a significant increase between all groups, with high significance at 1st group comparing with 2nd and 3rd groups, in addition to high significant difference between 2nd and 3rd groups. Duration of response was significantly longer in 3rd group but lowered in 1st group. Pregnancy rate was higher in the 1st and 2nd group. The number of offspring in Iraqi bitches treated with melatonin for estrus induction G1 was 43 pups in G2 it was 29 pups and 7 pups for G3, the sex of offspring recorded 49.37% females and 50.63% males in total. In conclusion, the use of melatonin for induction of fertile estrus in anestrus Iraqi bitches was effective and safe.
Impact of 420del (rs72552763) organic cation transporter 1 polymorphism on therapeutic response to metformin in type2 diabetic patients in the Iraqi population
Authors: Jabaar Halah Kareem , Khalaf Ban Hoshi , Abu-Almaaly Hassan , Mahdi Jabbar Fadeel
Published: November 2022

Metformin is one of the most widely prescribed medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) but metformin response varies greatly between individuals,polymorphisms in genes that regulate metformin’s pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics may be to blame for these phenotypic differences in drug disposition and action. Inthis study, we investigated the association between 420del (rs72552763) organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) polymorphism and therapeutic response to metformin in type 2 diabetic patients, A total of 200 diabetic patients enrolled in this cross-sectional study, patients were chosen when they visit outpatient clinic for medical care. Fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin and HbA1c, which indicate metformin response were measured. The result of the study indicate there was a significant association between the presence of 420del (rs72552763) in diabetic patients and the variability response to metformin, the multinomial logistic regress analysis indicates that most patients with the reference allele (wild type) and heterozygous alleles of OCT1 (420del) had statistically significant metabolic responses to metformin, whereas patients with mutant alleles had less or no response. In conclusion, Genetic polymorphism of OCT1transporter 420del (rs72552763) contributed to the variability of therapeutic response to metformin treatment.
Effect of iron or zinc nanoparticles on growth and essential oil content of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Authors: Al-Zyadi Qasim A. S.
Published: November 2022

A field experiment was carried out in the Experimental Researches Station, Agric. College / Al-Muthanna University (southern of Iraq), during 2019 to study the effect ofthree concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticle spray (0, 50, 100 mg Fe.L-1) and three concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticle (0, 25, 50 mg Zn.L-1) on growth of basil plant (Ocimum basilicum L.) and its content of volatile oil. Randomized Complete Block Design was used with three replicates. The results showed that the spray with concentration (100 mg Fe. L-1) was significantly superior in plant height, branches number, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, essential oil percentage and essential oil yield (48.3cm, 38.0 branch.plant-1, 24.7 gm.plant-1, 2.28 gm.plant-1 , 1.48 % and 33.09 µL.plant-1), respectively. Basil plants sprayed with zinc at a concentration (50 mg Zn. L-1) gave highest rates in plant height, branches number, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight (43.7 cm, 32.3 branch.plant-1, 22.6 gm.plant-1 and 2.07 gm.plant-1), respectively. While spraying with a concentration (25 mg Zn.L-1) gave highest values in percentage of essential oil and yield of essential oil (1.42 %, 27.13µL.plant-1), respectively.
Salivary chromogranin as a stress biomarker and secretory IgA among COVID-19 patients
Authors: Enad Hind H. , Al-Mizraqchi Abbas S.
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 epidemic had a significant impact on many aspects of people lives, when these people urged to quarantine and lockdown to prevent the virus from spreading which had a major effect on people’s mental health, depression and stress. Many internal and environmental causes contribute to this stress, which has a detrimental impact on the body’s homeostasis. As a result, stress may have an impact on the body’s ability to conflict pathogens using its energy. Many recent studies have revealed strong associations between human mental stress and secretion of hormones, prohormones and/or immunological substances, part of these studies have confirmed the correlation between stress and the salivary CgA level, also Secretory IgA (sIgA) plays an important role in immunity by binding the surface molecules of pathogenic microorganisms and preventing adhesion and colonization. The aim of this study is to measure salivary chromogranin A as a stress biomarker as well as Secretory IgA levels among COVID-19 patients. 84 samples were collected from adults who have been divided into two groups: COVID-19 group consists of 42 patients and COVID-19 free group which consists of 42 subjects. All subjects undergo PCR test to confirm their healthy status, collection of unstimulated saliva was done and laboratory investigations was carried out to measure the salivary chromogranin A and Salivary IgA levels by the use of chromogranin A kit (human CGA ELISA kit) by alshakirate establishment for medical supply and SIgA kit (IgA saliva ELISA) by LDN company. SPSS version 21 was used for statistical analysis. Salivary chromogranin A was substantially greater in the COVID-19 group than in the COVID-19 free group, whereas secretory IgA was lower in the COVID-19 group, according to the statistical analysis. In conclusion a significant negative association was found between salivary chromogranin A and secretory IgA (p = 0.001).so, when the concentration of salivary chromogranin A elevated in the COVID-19 group, the level of secretory IgA reduced.
Correlation between vitamin D3 deficiency and serum leptin levels in a patient with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Qasim Mohammed N. , Kadhem Hussain Kh. , EL-Yassin Hedef D.
Published: November 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders in premenopausal women. PCOS impacts women of reproductive age regardless of ethnic origin, although the signs and symptoms may vary by ethnic group. Symptoms include obesity, hirsutism, acne, amenorrhea, sterility, occasional menometrorrhagia. The objectives of thi study is to assess the possible association of vitamin D3 with BMI in PCOS and to investigate the role of serum leptin and vitamin D3 levels in the pathogenesis of PCOS. To shed light on the pathophysiology of PCOS. A case-control study was performed in Al- Batool Teaching Hospital in Baquba city during the period from 1st December 2020 to the end of March 2021. It included 50 PCOS patients and 34 subjects as healthy control. The biomarkers studied were: serum Vitamin D3, Leptin, LH and FSH and then Serum Vitamin D3 and Leptin were measured by ELISA technique. But serum LH and FSH were measured by Cobas e 411 system. Serum Vitamin D3 levels have decreased significantly and FSH in the patients’ group as compared to the control group, while for the other variables, the mean values of leptin, LH, LH/FSH, & BMI were significantly more significant in the PCOS group than in the control group. In conclusion, women who suffer from polycystic ovarian syndrome PCOS were more prone to lack vitamin D and FSH levels than those without PCOS. At the same time, there is higher LH, LH/FSH, and BMI levels for PCOS patients from healthy women. The PCOS group had higher blood leptin concentrations, especially in overweight and obese patients; because leptin is produced from adipose tissue, obesity seems to exacerbate blood higher leptin in PCOS patients, significantly impairing reproductive functions. A significant negative correlation was found between serum vitamin D3 levels and BMI in the PCOS group; as a result, obesity contributes to vitamin D deficiency risk.
THE NIGERIAN SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL LANDSCAPE: WITHER THE CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS
Authors: Egbon Peter Chukwuyem  , Obi Callistar Kidochukwu
Published: November 2022

The socio-economic and political landscape of Nigeria, is replete with, corruption, poverty, unemployment, insecurity and poor governance. A combination of the aforementioned  issues are capable of crippling investments  and ensure declining growth in the economy. How would the Chartered Accountants help in salvaging the situation? Given that the Chartered Accountants are 'numbers people' and   are capable of reducing 'everything concerning any economy’ to numbers, perhaps, the answer may be in the affirmative. But, given the recent and trending allegation levelled against the now suspended Accountant-General of Nigeria(AGN), who will " police the police "? The main argument of this paper, therefore, is that, not even the Chartered Accountants alone can enhance public sector accountability in Nigeria, without the supporting role of all stakeholders, including other professionals. On the part of government, institutional strengthening is a key part of a country's anti-corruption strategies. Strengthening, through reforms in the judiciary, the anti-corruption agencies and good living wages for civil servants will do it. Given the complex and interconnected world, tackling the aforementioned socio-economic and political issues requires strong collaboration and commitment from the public, private and regulatory authorities.

Keywords: Accountability, Corruption, Insecurity, Transparency, Nigeria Economy.
Peer Support Programs for Youth Mental Health
Authors: Boucher Julie , Subramonian Anusree , Hill Shannon , Gates Michelle , Brundisini Francesca , Severn Melissa , Kaunelis David , Smith Andrea , Helis Eftyhia
Published: November 2022

We conducted a Health Technology Assessment (HTA) to inform decisions related to the adoption, implementation, and evaluation of peer support programs for youth mental health. This HTA consisted of consultations with youth advisors (peer support users and workers), a systematic review of the available evidence on the clinical effectiveness and safety of peer support interventions for youth with mental health concerns (compared with interventions without peer support), and an Environmental Scan of peer support program evaluations.

Youth recognize the value of peer support in their mental health recovery and wellness, and they view peer support as an accessible, convenient, and safe mental health resource. They also highlight the importance of representation and involvement of youth with diverse backgrounds and experiences across the design and evaluation of peer support programs to ensure equity, diversity, and inclusion.

In the Clinical Review, we found that formal peer support programs (i.e., trained peer support workers based at structured community- or health clinic–based organizations provide support to peer support users) might help a young person feel more comfortable to share information about their mental health issue and ask for help. The authors of 2 randomized controlled trials we identified found that compared to no peer support, peer support may improve youth’s attitudes toward disclosure of mental illness, distress related to that disclosure, and help-seeking behaviour. However, overall, only a small amount of low-quality evidence (due to risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, and imprecision) is available. Therefore, it is very uncertain whether peer support programs are more effective at supporting an individual in their recovery compared to programs without a peer support component. In addition, the safety of peer support programs is currently unknown (no research evidence was found).

Our Environmental Scan did not identify formal guidelines or best practices for evaluating peer support programs; however, we found some common evaluation approaches among programs. These approaches include focusing on recovery-oriented outcomes, involving youth throughout the evaluation (to ensure relevance), and tailoring the evaluation to reflect the local program context.

When considering implementation of peer support programs for youth mental health, decision-makers may wish to allocate resources for ongoing program evaluation. Strengthened program evaluations can improve the understanding of the benefits and maximize the effectiveness of peer support programs. In addition, practice-based evidence from the evaluation of peer support programs can be used to further support the design and implementation of appropriate, equitable, and culturally competent programs.
Belgian consensus on irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Kindt S , Louis H , De Schepper H , Arts J , Caenepeel P , De Looze D , Gerkens A , Holvoet T , Latour P , Mahler T , Mokaddem F , Nullens S , Piessevaux H , Poortmans P , Rasschaert G , Surmont M , Vafa H , Van Malderen K , Vanuytsel T , Wuestenberghs F , Tack J
Published: November 2022

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterised by recurrent abdominal pain related to defaecation or associated with altered stool frequency or consistency. Despite its prevalence, major uncertainties in the diagnostic and therapeutic management persist in clinical practice.

Methods: A Delphi consensus was conducted by 20 experts from Belgium, and consisted of literature review and voting process on 78 statements. Grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation criteria were applied to evaluate the quality of evidence. Consensus was defined as > 80 % agreement.

Results: Consensus was reached for 50 statements. The Belgian consensus agreed as to the multifactorial aetiology of IBS. According to the consensus abdominal discomfort also represents a cardinal symptom, while bloating and abdominal distension often coexist. IBS needs subtyping based on stool pattern. The importance of a positive diagnosis, relying on history and clinical examination is underlined, while additional testing should remain limited, except when alarm features are present. Explanation of IBS represents a crucial part of patient management. Lifestyle modification, spasmolytics and water-solube fibres are considered first-line agents. The low FODMAP diet, selected probiotics, cognitive behavioural therapy and specific treatments targeting diarrhoea and constipation are considered appropriate. There is a consensus to restrict faecal microbiota transplantation and gluten- free diet, while other treatments are strongly discouraged.

Conclusions: A panel of Belgian gastroenterologists summarised the current evidence on the aetiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of IBS with attention for the specificities of the Belgian healthcare system.
Metastatic cancer in an uncommon location: importance of clinico-pathological correlation
Authors: Dubail A , Galant C , Borbath I , Lecouvet F , Chaouki A , Barbier O , Baldin P
Published: November 2022

Acrometastasis is an uncommon metastatic location appearing in the small bones of hands and feet (1). Its low incidence, around 0,1% of all bone metastases, may be due to the subclinical presentation and the lack of attention to the extremities in routine examination (1- 5). However, it sometimes represents the first expression of an occult malignancy (1-4). The symptoms are aspecific and may mimic a local infection, an inflammatory disease (arthritis, tenosynovitis) or a dermatologic lesion (1-5). The correct diagnosis of this atypical entity is important to draw the attention of the clinicians to the metastatic dissemination of the disease, to initiate adequate treatment and reduce patient morbidity.
Does endoscopic submucosal dissection have its place in the treatment of patients with gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma localized disease after eradication?
Authors: Li Y , Wang Z , Zhang X , Yang J
Published: November 2022

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lym- phoma, one of the B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, always occurs in the extranodal margin zone. Gastric MALT lymphoma, has attracted attention because of its relationship with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). H. pylori eradication was considered as the first-line treatment regardless of stages and H. pylori status in the latest review (1). As for patients with localized disease who failed response after H. pylori eradication, radiotherapy was suggested, but is there a place for endoscopic treatment in such patients remains open to debate.
Ammonium adduct chemical ionization to investigate anthropogenic oxygenated gas-phase organic compounds in urban air
Authors: Khare Peeyush , Krechmer Jordan E. , Machesky Jo E. , Hass-Mitchell Tori , Cao Cong , Wang Junqi , Majluf Francesca , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe , Malek Sonja , Wang Will , Seltzer Karl , Pye Havala O. T. , Commane Roisin , McDonald Brian C. , Toledo-Crow Ricardo , Mak John E. , Gentner Drew R.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Volatile chemical products (VCPs) and other non-combustion-related sources
have become important for urban air quality, and bottom-up calculations
report emissions of a variety of functionalized compounds that remain
understudied and uncertain in emissions estimates. Using a new instrumental
configuration, we present online measurements of oxygenated organic
compounds in a US megacity over a 10 d wintertime sampling period, when
biogenic sources and photochemistry were less active. Measurements were
conducted at a rooftop observatory in upper Manhattan, New York City, USA
using a Vocus chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer, with
ammonium (NH4+) as the reagent ion operating at 1 Hz. The range of
observations spanned volatile, intermediate-volatility, and semi-volatile
organic compounds, with targeted analyses of ∼150 ions, whose
likely assignments included a range of functionalized compound classes such
as glycols, glycol ethers, acetates, acids, alcohols, acrylates, esters,
ethanolamines, and ketones that are found in various consumer, commercial,
and industrial products. Their concentrations varied as a function of wind
direction, with enhancements over the highly populated areas of the Bronx,
Manhattan, and parts of New Jersey, and included abundant concentrations of
acetates, acrylates, ethylene glycol, and other commonly used oxygenated
compounds. The results provide top-down constraints on wintertime emissions
of these oxygenated and functionalized compounds, with ratios to common
anthropogenic marker compounds and comparisons of their relative abundances
to two regionally resolved emissions inventories used in urban air quality
models.
Assessment of Severe Aerosol Events from NASA MODIS and VIIRS Aerosol Products for Data Assimilation and Climate Continuity
Authors: Gumber Amanda , Reid Jeffery S. , Holz Robert E. , Eck Thomas F. , Hsu N. Christina , Levy Robert C. , Zhang Jianglong , Veglio Paolo
Published: November 2022

Abstract. While the use and data assimilation (DA) of operational Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol data is commonplace, MODIS is scheduled to sunset in the next year. For data continuity, focus has turned to the development of next generation aerosol products and sensors such as those associated with the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on Suomi NPOESS Preparation Project (S-NPP) and NOAA-20. Like MODIS algorithms, products from these sensors require their own set of extensive error characterization and correction exercises. This is particularly true in the context of monitoring significant aerosol events that tax an algorithm’s ability to separate cloud from aerosol and account for multiple scattering related errors exacerbated by uncertainties in aerosol optical properties. To investigate the performance of polar orbiting satellite algorithms to monitor and characterize significant events a Level 3 (L3) product has been developed, using a consistent aggregation methodology, for four years of observations (2016–2019). Included in this product is AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET), MODIS Dark Target, Deep Blue, and Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithms. These MODIS “baseline algorithms” are compared to NASA’s recently released NASA Deep Blue algorithm for use with VIIRS. Using this new dataset, the relative performance of the algorithms for both land and ocean were investigated with a focus on the relative skill of detecting severe events and accuracy of the retrievals using AERONET. Maps of higher percentile AOD regions of the world by product, identified those with the highest measured AODs, and determined what is high by local standards. While patterns in AOD match across products and median to moderate AOD values match well, there are regionally correlated biases between products based on sampling, algorithm differences, and AOD range-in particular for higher AOD events. Most notable are differences in Boreal biomass burning and Saharan dust. Significant percentile biases that must be accounted for when data is used in trend studies, data assimilation, or inverse modeling. These biases vary by aerosol regime and are likely due to retrieval assumptions on lower boundary condition and aerosol optical models.