bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection in Seismic Data–Metadata Using Simple Machine-Learning Models
Authors: Zaccarelli Riccardo , Bindi Dino , Strollo Angelo
Published: May 2021

In modern seismological analysis, it is not unusual to process huge amounts of data, as illustrated by two case studies exemplified in this work, both assessing the quality of several millions of segments selected for computing local and energy magnitudes. In this scenario, quality control tools to filter, discard, or rank data are of extreme importance and should ideally be simple, fast, and generalizable. Using machine-learning tools, we present here a simple and efficient model based on the isolation forest algorithm for detecting amplitude anomalies on any seismic waveform segment, with no restriction on the segment record content (earthquake vs. noise) and no additional requirements than the segment metadata. By considering a simple feature space composed of amplitudes of each segment’s power spectral density (PSD) evaluated at selected periods suitable for both local and teleseismic applications, feature selection revealed that one single feature, the PSD at 5 s, is sufficient to achieve the best predicting performances. The evaluation results report average precision scores around 0.97, and maximum F1 scores above 0.9, both remarkable results with respect to the simplicity of the approach used and the generality of the problem tackled. The trained model producing the best evaluation results is the backbone of a publicly available software, which computes an amplitude anomaly score in [0, 1] for any given seismic waveform, and can be beneficial in several applications such as discarding anomalies from data sets, ideally in a preprocessing stage, and detecting potential metadata problems on data center side. When applied to our two case studies, the software was revealed to be fast and effective, and the computed anomaly scores allow additional flexibility in addition to the proven wide-range applicability.
Earthquakes in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: Past Occurrences, Present Hazard, and Future Risk
Authors: Lamontagne Maurice , Bent Allison L.
Published: May 2021

The Canadian Arctic encompasses several active seismic areas where a small number of significant earthquakes have been recorded since the early twentieth century. Our study area is defined as the eastern Canadian Arctic, an immense territory that covers 30% of the Canadian land mass. It includes the territory of Nunavut and the region of Nunavik in northern Quebec. Ten earthquakes had a moment magnitude (M) between 5.5 and 7.4, but only five can be considered significant because of their impact. Most were felt in communities at distances of a few hundreds of kilometers, but none exceeded modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) V. This article contains descriptions of the impact of these five earthquakes and of smaller ones that were felt in nearby communities. These macroseismic effects suggest stronger attenuation of MMIs than what is generally assumed for eastern North America. According to the current seismic zoning, very few communities face a significant earthquake hazard. Seismic risk has to consider that most high Arctic buildings are built on piles sitting on permafrost. It is believed that the newer engineered constructions would resist fairly well to seismic shaking, as opposed to buildings with older at grade foundations with little lateral resistance. The fast warming of the Arctic may lead to some thickening of the active layer of the permafrost, which may increase the potential for slope instabilities during earthquake shaking. The change would not be significant enough to alter the potential for local ground-motion amplification.
ScanArray—A Broadband Seismological Experiment in the Baltic Shield
Authors: Thybo Hans , Bulut Nevra , Grund Michael , Mauerberger Alexandra , Makushkina Anna , Artemieva Irina M. , Balling Niels , Gudmundsson Olafur , Maupin Valerie , Ottemøller Lars , Ritter Joachim , Tilmann Frederik
Published: May 2021

The ScanArray international collaborative program acquired broadband seismological data at 192 locations in the Baltic Shield during the period between 2012 and 2017. The main objective of the program is to provide seismological constraints on the structure of the lithospheric crust and mantle as well as the sublithospheric upper mantle. The new information will be applied to studies of how the lithospheric and deep structure affect observed fast topographic change and geological-tectonic evolution of the region. The program also provides new information on local seismicity, focal mechanisms, and seismic noise. The recordings are generally of very high quality and are used for analysis by various seismological methods, including P- and S-wave receiver functions for the crust and upper mantle, surface wave and ambient noise inversion for seismic velocity, body-wave P- and S-wave tomography for upper mantle velocity structure using ray and finite frequency methods, and shear-wave splitting measurements for obtaining bulk anisotropy of the upper and lowermost mantle. Here, we provide a short overview of the data acquisition and initial analysis of the new data, together with an example of integrated seismological results obtained by the project group along a representative ∼1800-km-long profile across most of the tectonic provinces in the Baltic Shield between Denmark and the North Cape. The first models support a subdivision of the Paleoproterozoic Svecofennian province into three domains, where the highest topography of the Scandes mountain range in Norway along the Atlantic Coast has developed solely in the southern and northern domains, whereas the topography is more subdued in the central domain.
Comportamiento Adoptado en América Latina Debido al covid-19
Authors: Moreno Ariza Adriana , Hernández Barrios John , Alfaro Sarmiento Isaac , Troncoso Palacio Alexander
Published: May 2021

En este documento se registran algunos comportamientos adoptados por los países latinoamericanos durante la primera crisis de salud pública causada por covid-19 a principios del siglo XXI, se incluyen algunas recomendaciones dadas por los gobiernos de estos países, para promover el autocuidado. La principal medida adoptada ha sido el aislamiento obligatorio de los habitantes, con el fin de evitar la propagación acelerada de la enfermedad, la estrategia se ha denominado “Quédate en casa”, con esta medida, los gobiernos pretenden disminuir los contagios, preservar la vida y la salud pública. Pero esto ha sido muy difícil de cumplir, debido a que en los países de América Latina, la gran mayoría de sus habitantes tienen un nivel socio económico pertenecientes a la clase media baja, por lo que, muchos han tenido que seguir trabajando, algunos desde sus hogares, pero otros, tienen la necesidad de salir a realizar sus labores en las calles, confiando solo en máscaras desechables como elemento de protección, debido a los limitados recursos económicos, un porcentaje muy alto de la población de estos países recurre a prácticas como gárgaras con jugo de limón, bicarbonato de sodio o sal común, y la ingesta de bebidas calientes, así es como esta gran crisis de salud se enfrentó en los países de América Latina.
Utilización de Simulación de Eventos Discretos para analizar una propuesta de mejora en los costos de almacenamiento
Authors: Ahumada Morales Thalía , Casalins-Barrios Hernando , Mercado Guardiola Yemsy , Troncoso-Palacio Alexander
Published: May 2021

El almacenamiento prolongado en cualquier empresa es un problema, porque aumenta los costos de uso del almacén, además, la mercancía que se almacena por un tiempo prolongado puede resultar dañada, razón por la cual se planea este estudio. Donde se muestra la implementación de un modelo de simulación de eventos discretos para analizar unas posibles mejoras en los costos de almacenamiento en una compañía de tecnología móvil, con el objetivo de proponer mejoras que reduzcan los costos actuales del sistema. Para ello, se seleccionaron los 3 productos con mayor rotación. Se utilizó el software Arena® para modelar el sistema a partir de datos históricos de las demandas y los pedidos realizados en los períodos anteriores. Luego de aplicar el modelo se encontró que una buena estrategia para reducir costos es modificar la cantidad solicitada, más específicamente aumentar la de los productos 1 y 2, y reducir la del producto 3. En los resultados se pudo dar cuenta de que la mayoría de los desabastecimientos en el inventario son de los dos primeros productos. Por tanto, se propusieron diferentes propuestas para cada uno de los productos; Por tanto, se concluye que la propuesta 1 es la más recomendada de utilizar, ya que no es muy invasiva y no afecta la relación de clientes y proveedores
A New System for Relaxing the Dry Insects
Authors: KOYUNCU Mürşit Ömür , KÜTÜK Murat
Published: May 2021

The paper presents a new system for relaxing dry adult insect specimens. The system was designed with 4 main parts builted with high temperature resistant glass material. The main logic of the system was to relax dry adult insects in an isolated chamber with hot steam. The most important achievements of the system included relaxing the dry insect samples in a very short time, minimizing fermentation and preventing extremity losses. The relaxing duration varies based on the insect size, the density of the chitin layer and the degree of dryness. The experimental results show that it does not take more than 2 hours for the insect orders to relax in this system. The system can be used for insects of 5 mm to 120 mm in length. With the designed system, about 2950 dry adult insects were relaxed and prepared.
Combined use of cytological, visual and colposcopic examination for evaluation of unhealthy cervix and their histopathological correlation
Authors: Patil Deepak , Pathak B.
Published: May 2021

Background: Unhealthy cervix can be a presentation of a broad spectrum of clinical conditions with diverse pathologies like infective, inflammatory, reactive and neoplastic etc. Cervical cancer, having a multifactorial causation, is the second most common cancer in female population. Because of a prolonged preinvasive phase, the cancer can be diagnosed at an earlier stage. Early diagnosis makes it amenable to treatment.Methods: A total 100 ladies attending gynaecology OPD of a tertiary care teaching hospital with unhealthy cervix were evaluated. It involved history taking, cytological assessment by Pap smear, examination of cervix after acetic acid application (VIA), colposcopic assessment and biopsy for histopathological evaluation.Results: Correlation of all these modalities to rule out neoplastic aetiology showed a high specificity of 91.9%. The positive predictive value of combined approach was found to be 65% whereas negative predictive value approached 100%.Conclusions: Combined approach with VIA, Colposcopy, Pap smear and Directed biopsy provide a comprehensive evaluation of unhealthy cervix.
SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody prevalence in health care personnel in a tertiary care teaching hospital treating COVID-19 patients
Authors: Padmapriya K. , Prabhu Akshata Krishna , Mettingal Ramakrishnan Shincy , Kadahalli Lingegowda Ravikumar , Honnamachanahalli Sudhakar
Published: May 2021

Background: Serosurvey is a salient method for estimating infection rates and monitoring the progression of a pandemic. This study was done to determine the extent of seroprevalence of SARS-COV-2 antibodies among health care personnel of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Serum samples of 532 participants working in a teaching hospital which provides tertiary care services to the poor were tested for SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibodies. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic details and hygiene practices.Results: 160 (30%) out of the 532 participants had IgG levels above the positive cut off value. The seroprevalence was higher in the nurses when compared to other class of staff working in the hospital.Conclusions: The present study shows that the overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers of a tertiary hospital in Bengaluru is high. This indicates that there is a need for the health care workers to take better precautions while treating COVID patients and emphasis should be given in training them to adhere to more stringent hygienic practices.
Nutritional and blood pressure screening in school children in rural South India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Roy Dhanya , Singh Sundar , Joseph Lenikumar
Published: May 2021

Background: Screening for diseases is not very popular in Indian populace in general, and receive little attention from heath care policy makers, administrators or even health care providers, who concentrate on curative services. Health and nutritional screening of school children and adolescents, remains virtually a neglected field. So we conceived this study to look at the feasibility of large scale health screening of adolescents at school by a simple and inexpensive way by looking into the nutritional status (survey of anthropometry) and blood pressure readings among adolescents.Methods: Students from 5 rural school in South India from age group of 10 to 18 years (fifth to twelfth standard) were assessed for their height, weight, BMI and blood pressure. Data was entered in WHO EpidataTM (version 3.0) and transferred to SPSS 12.0 version for analytical studies.Results: In current study of 2201 students, wasting (35.5%), stunting (24.5%), high BMI (7.6%) were found. Prevalence of wasting is 1.63 times higher in males (p<0.001). There is significant relationship with high BMI and severe stunting (p<0.001, OR 2.54; 1.58%, 4.1%; 95% CI). Prevalence of pre-hypertension is 14.1% and hypertension is 9.5%. There is a linear trend in the prevalence of hypertension and BMI (p<0.001). As the BMI increases, blood pressure also increases.Conclusions: Even with all advances in health care, undernutrition is highly prevalent. Obesity is on a rise in rural population and high proportions of overweight children are stunted also. High BMI is a risk factor for hypertension.
Clinical study of active squamosal chronic otitis media
Authors: Rajashekhar Rashmi P. , Anand Rohit , Mahajan Gundappa D. , Gowtham K. , Rathi Parul
Published: May 2021

Background: Cholesteatoma term was coined by Johannes Muller in 1838. Cholesteatomas are the last stage of squamous epithelial retraction comprising either the pars tensa or flaccida that are not self-cleansing, which retain epithelial debris and elicit a secondary, inflammatory reaction. Active squamosal epithelial disease is a retraction pocket which is filled with keratinous debris.

Methods: 50 patients were selected presenting with active squamosal chronic otitis media (COM). For all cases a detailed history was taken, otoscopic and otomicroscopic examination along with tuning fork test were performed to know the status of tympanic membrane and status of air and bone conduction of sound waves. Audiological assessment was done by pure tone audiometry. X-ray mastoid and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) temporal bone was done for analysis. Pre anaesthetic fitness was taken and patients were posted for tympanomastoid exploration.  

Results: Most common presentation was of foul smelling otorrhoea in 40 patients, reduced hearing in 40 patients. 8 patients presented with vertigo and 2 presented with facial nerve paresis. Most common otoscopic finding was pf postero-superior retraction pocket in 26 patients. After clinical and radiological assessment 30 patients were posted for canal wall down mastoidectomy.

Conclusions: Primary acquired cholesteatomacan affect all age group with significant effect on hearing and quality of life.
Study on management of extra articular distal tibial metaphyseal fractures by intramedullary interlocking nailing
Authors: Palanivel A.
Published: May 2021

Background: Fractures of the tibia remain a controversial subject despite advances in both non-operative and operative care. The goal in expert care is to realign the fracture, realign limb length, and early functional recovery. To analyze the short-term results of intramedullary interlocking nailing in the management of extra-articular distal tibial metaphyseal fractures done.

Methods: This is a prospective comparative on-randomized study of 28 patients with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures in govt. dist. headquarters hospital Nagapattinam with a follow-up ranging from September 2018 to january 2019 4 months. Injury With more than 3 weeks, nonunion, and patient with multiple injuries or a history of previous knee or ankle pathology were not included as were patients who sustained high energy axial load injury-causing disruption or impaction of the ankle plafond.

Results: The average distance between the distal tip of the nail and the articular surface of the plafond was 12 mm (range, 4 to 15 mm). Fibular plating was done in 10 patients. Two distal locking bolts were used in 26 patients; 2 patients had three distal locking bolts.

Conclusions: Intramedullary nailing is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of extra-articular distal metaphyseal tibial fractures if careful preoperative planning is allied with the meticulous surgical technique.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИНВЕСТИРОВАНИЯ В ЦИФРОВОЕ СЕЛЬСКОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО
Authors: Шпинев Юрий Сергеевич
Published: May 2021

В работе рассматриваются особенности инвестирования с сельское хозяйство в период его цифровизации. Проанализированы инвестиционные риски, присущие сельскому хозяйству как специфической отрасли. Выделены основные направления развития цифрового сельского хозяйства. В заключении сделан вывод о необходимости внесения изменений в правовое регулирование инвестиций в агропромышленный холдинг с целью привлечения дополнительных инвестиций от частного сектора, необходимых для скорейшего перехода к цифровому сельскому хозяйству.
Foundation Management's Liability for the Criminal Action of Foundation Funds Abusing Justice for All (YKUS)
Authors: Rosediana Mutia Karin
Published: May 2021

This type of research used in this research is normative analysis legal research. By using primary and secondary legal materials, along with tertiary legal materials as supporting materials. Foundations are regulated in Law Number 16 of 2001 concerning Foundations (Law No. 16-2001) and amendments to Law Number 28 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law Number 16 of 2001 concerning Foundations (Law No. 28-2004). Then followed up with Government Regulation Number 63 of 2008 and Government Regulation Number 2 of 2013 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 63 of 2008 concerning Implementation of the Law on Foundations (PP No.2-2013), and Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 5 of 2014 concerning Ratification of Foundation Legal Entities (PMH No. 5-2014). A person who establishes a foundation must have clear aims and objectives, namely one of which is for social, religious and humanitarian purposes. It’s undeniable that Article 3 paragraph (1) of Law no. 16-2001 that a foundation can carry out business activities to support the achievement of its goals and objectives by establishing a business entity and/or participating in a business entity. YKUS is a form of organization that operates in the social, religious and humanitarian fields. This is the basis for the AD/ART of YKUS to carry out activities that support humanity in the dynamics of national development. When YKUS funds as an institutional form must be used constitutionally for the benefit of the foundation and the institution, then there is direct supervision by supervisors, administrators and supervisors in anticipating Foundation funds where abuse of power may occur.
Countermeasures Corruption with a State Defend Leadership Pattern at UPN Veteran Jakarta
Authors: Subakdi Subakdi , Iswahyuni Iswahyuni , Efianda Angela
Published: May 2021

State defense is a concept closely related with National Defense System. Indonesian National Defense System bears following specific characteristics; universal, and involving all citizens, territories and other national resources. Meanwhile, corruption is the opposite of the nation's core values, which is against the national interest and the spirit of the nation, and does not stand in accordance with the noble values of Indonesia. Thus, corruption is a threat to the defense and security of our country. Corrupt behavior is a form of action against efforts to defend the state. The state defense program will emphasize the dissemination of the values of nationalism and love for the country. It is expected that the values instilled in the state defense program can prevent a culture of corruption from spreading to all members of society. Leadership is a series of leadership activities that cannot be separated from the position, style and behavior of the leader, as well as the interactions between the leader and their followers, in regards with the situation. UPN Veteran, which is a State Defense university, has met the aspects of consideration to become a PTN (public university) announced by the Ministry of Education and Culture. Of the three considerations of the conversion process from PTS to PTN, UPN Veteran has fulfilled two considerations, namely historical considerations and a special mission, by which UPN Veteran Jakarta has presented something novel that cannot be fulfilled by other public universities, namely as a State Defense university. The existence and progress of UPN Veteran Jakarta in the perspective of national character education is a necessity to be able to answer our various problems in society, nation and state.
Development of exact mathematic models for planar slotted traveling wave antennas using the dyadic Green function and their experiment foundation
Authors: Nefyodov Eugeniy I. , Zayarnyi Vyacheslav P. , Kiryanova Nina I. , Ponomarev Igor N.
Published: May 2021

Exact mathematic models were developed for traveling wave antennas with a constant slot width based on the dyadic Green function, taking into account both the main and cross-polarization components of the field in the far radiation zone. The possibility of using these models as basic models for studying the electrodynamic properties of traveling wave antennas with a different slot configuration (linearly, exponentially tapering, etc.) is justified. The influence of the geometric parameters of the investigated traveling wave antennas on their characteristics was studied by means of using the established mathematic models. It has been found that in the electrodynamic E plane, with an increase of the length and width of the slot, the main beam of the radiation pattern narrows, which leads to an increase the directed properties of the antennas. In the electrodynamic H plane, the width of the main beam of radiation pattern decreases only as the length of the slot of traveling wave antennas increases and does not depend on its width in practice. It was shown that the established theory results of the study are well consistent with the results of experiments, which also revealed the limitations of the applicability of the developed models. Analysis of traveling wave antennas characteristics was carried out at central frequency of 10 GHz in the frequency range of 8-12 GHz.
Study of a hemispherical metamaterial lens made of parallel printed circuit boards with metal diffusers of small electrical dimensions
Authors: Pasternak Yuri G. , Pendyurin Vladimir A. , Rogozin Ruslan E. , Fedorov Sergei M.
Published: May 2021

Antenna systems based on hemispherical lenses allow full azimuth scanning or electronically controlled sector scanning. The article presents a numerical simulation of a broadband multi-beam antenna system based on a hemispherical metamaterial lens made of parallel printed circuit boards with metal diffusers of small electrical dimensions. The effective parameters of a metamaterial based on printed Jerusalem crosses with welded-in transverse metal pins are investigated. The selected geometric dimensions of the metamaterial made it possible to reduce the effect of anisotropy. Directional patterns are considered when a lens is excited by a system of broadband vibrators with two orthogonal polarizations. For each polarization, conclusions are drawn about the operating range and the magnitude of the losses. The results obtained in this work are planned to be used in the future in the design of wideband lens antennas from parallel printed circuit boards.
Flat Luneberg lens based on a printed circuit with curved conductors
Authors: Bykov Konstantin A. , Pasternak Yuri G. , Pendyurin Vladimir A. , Safonov Fyodor S.
Published: May 2021

The use of a printed Luneberg lens is promising for powering ultra-wideband phased array antennas with full-azimuth scanning. This article describes in detail the model for constructing a flat Luneberg lens based on a printed circuit with curved conductors. A certain pattern(pattern) with a relative permittivity er ≈ 1 was etched on the copper-coated substrate. This was done in order to realize the value of the refractive index. By printing a grid of intersecting conducting lines, a refractive index of 2was achieved in the center of the lens. The diameter of the Luneburg lens antenna was chosen to be 28.6 cm, which corresponds to 12,4l0 (l0 is the wavelength of free space) to achieve a half-power beam width of ≈ 5° at an estimated frequency of up to 20 GHz. Since the design of the Luneberg lens is based on geometric optics, the lens diameter must be a multiple of the wavelength to limit diffraction effects. Operating frequencies up to 20 GHz were selected. The lens was sampled into single cells. If the unit cell size is small enough, the lens can be described as a medium with a certain effective refractive index. As a result, this propagation theory can be used for lens design. The substrate used for the lens was 1 mm thick, the material used was Rohacell 31HF, which has a permittivity of 1,046 and a loss tangent of tg(d) = 0,002.
POSSIBILITIES OF USING COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AT THE STAGES OF ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH COMPLETE ABSENCE OF TEETH
Authors: Astashina Natal'ya , Bazhin Aleksy , Starkova Anna , Ursakiy Ol'ga
Published: May 2021

The relevance of the study is dictated by the need to increase the efficiency of prosthetic treatment of patients with full absence of teeth, through the introduction of new composite materials, the use of which provides high strength of prosthetic structures, as well as the development of methods for the manufacture of full removable plate denture using modern digital technologies, which in general contributes to increase the service life of dentures, especially in the presence of difficult clinical conditions.
Purpose of the work: increasing the efficiency of prosthetic dental treatment of patients with full absence of teeth on the basis of the development and implementation of a new design of a full removable plate denture with a base made of acrylic resin and an introduced frame made of composite material based on fiberglass.
Materials and methods: taking into account the analysis of data from domestic and foreign literature, a design was developed and a technology for manufacturing a full removable plate denture with a combined basis was proposed, the frame of which was made of composite material Trinia. In the course of the work, the morphology and microstructure of a new combination of polymers were studied, and also, in a comparative aspect, their physical and mechanical properties were evaluated.
Results: during the study of the microstructure, we found that the composite material based on glass fiber has a chemical bond with acrylic resin and a high homogeneity of the structure. Physicomechanical tests showed that when the base resin is reinforced with Trinia material, an increase in the strength of the samples under study is noted, which exceeds the existing analogues. Clinical and laboratory stages of manufacturing a new design, combining analog and digital methods, have been developed and tested.
Conclusions: the introduction of a composite material into the design of a combined full removable plate denture will improve the strength properties of its base, increase performance and reduce weight. The use of digital technology will enable the use of high-strength composite materials.
ACTIVITY OF SALIV ALPHA AMYLASES AND LEVEL OF ORAL CAVITY HYGIENE UNDER DIFFERENT CLINICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Shulyatnikova Oksana , Godovalov Anatoliy , Rogozhnikov Gennadiy , Yakovlev Mihail , Batog Kirill , Leushina Elena
Published: May 2021

Subject. Changes in the activity of certain saliva enzymes, due to certain factors and in certain clinical conditions of the human body, can affect oral hygiene, as well as indirectly on the activity of the carious process. Of particular interest is the enzyme — alpha-amylase, which is due to its ability to cleave dextrans and levans, which are the basis of the matrix of the bacterial film. The article presents data on changes in the activity of saliva alpha-amylase in microecological disorders in the intestine and acute respiratory viral diseases, as well as its effect on the level of oral hygiene.

The goal — the assessment of changes in the activity of saliva alpha-amylase in microecological disorders in the intestine and acute respiratory diseases, taking into account the level of oral hygiene.

Methods. To determine the activity of alpha-amylase, a set of reagents "Amylase-Vital" was used according to the manufacturer's instructions, proportionally reducing the volume of reagents for the procedure in titration plates. The volunteers, divided into groups with severe acute respiratory syndrome, microecological intestinal disorders, and a control group, received mixed saliva and evaluated their oral hygiene status.

Results. The inverse relationship between the severity of intoxication syndrome in severe acute respiratory syndrome and the level of saliva alpha-amylase activity is shown. In addition, a correlation was established between an increase in human body temperature and a decrease in the activity of alpha-amylase. There is also a link between the presence of decompensated intestinal dysbiosis in humans and the activity of the enzyme. The dependence between the decrease in the activity of the studied enzyme and the increase in biofilm formation on the organs of the oral cavity was revealed.

Conclusions and Relevance. The conducted studies open up a promising direction for the development of additional diagnostic criteria based on the determination of the activity of saliva alpha-amylase. In addition, the data obtained on the deterioration of oral hygiene indicate the need for a comprehensive approach to the treatment of patients in this category with the mandatory involvement of a dentist.
IDENTIFICATION OF PROFESSIONAL CONDITIONALITY OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN WORKERS AT THE IZVESTNYAKOV ENTERPRISE
Authors: Haybullina Rasima , Rakmatullina Rasima , Valeeva El'vira , Mochalov Konstantin , Taupova Irina , Kuleshova Tatyana
Published: May 2021

In our article, we studied the concentration of immunoglobulins, the interleukin system and observed their changes before and after our patented treatment with a dressing based on "Placentol". The study material was the oral fluid of the patients. We observed 67 patients with a diagnosis of chronic generalized periodontitis of mild severity from 214 employees. The patients are workers of the limestone quarry. We revealed the occupational conditionality of the disease by chronic generalized periodontitis in workers of the limestone quarry, which turned out to be highly conditioned (that is, working conditions affect the condition of the periodontal). The results of the treatment pleased us, we achieved clinical improvement on the fourth visit.

The work of the periodontal immune system is partly determined by the direction of the development of pathological processes in chronic inflammation. The main cause in the pathogenesis of chronic immunological inflammation can be a local disorder at the level of the mucosal system or small abnormalities at the systemic level. This task is complex and it is studied both from the immunological position and from the position of general pathology, taking into account the functioning of other homeostatic systems of the body. The article also provides information on the role of cytokines in the pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic inflammation in periodontal tissues, and how our patented treatment can enhance the oral immune system.

Also, to carry out early diagnosis and prevention of periodontitis in limestone quarry workers, identifying their relative risk index and the etiological proportion of periodontitis incidence. The aim of our work is to study the changes in the parameters of the oral cavity immune system, under the influence of the treatment of the Placentol dressing, in the workers of the limestone quarry, and in the future to offer them our treatment.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE LONG-TERM SUCCESS OF DENTAL IMPLANTATION
Authors: Saleev Rinat , Grishin Petr , Saleeva Gul'shat , Kalinnikova Elena , Mubarakova Larisa
Published: May 2021

Aim. To study the role and degree of influence of various clinical factors on osseointegration and the success of direct and delayed dental implantation using implant systems with different surface microstructure.

Material and methods. Implant systems with different surface microstructures were used for the clinical study: Alfa Bio, Mis, Astra Tech, Dentium, Osstem, Antogher and Humana Dental.

The study included 414 patients aged 20 to 70 years. All patients involved in the study were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 109 patients who, after extraction, underwent direct implantation into the socket of the extracted tooth, followed by immediate loading. The second group, out of 305 patients, underwent delayed implantation. A total of 1302 implants were installed. Before the start of surgery, all patients underwent a thorough clinical and laboratory, X-ray and functional examination, as well as computed tomography. Dynamic observation was carried out on the basis of clinical, radiological and functional methods. In the course of treatment, starting from the moment of implantation at different times, the devices "Periotest" and "Osstel Mentor" were used to determine the stability of the implants and the dynamics of the quality of the osseointegration process.

Results. The study found that implants placed in the lower jaw had higher success rates than implants placed in the upper jaw. There was no direct relationship between the length and diameter of implants and their survival rate. However, implants with a longer length and diameter are the best option for increasing primary stability. The analysis of implantation methods showed no statistically significant difference between the percentage of implant survival during immediate and delayed implantation. The highest percentage of implantation failures was noted with simultaneous implantation and sinus lifting, as well as with a horizontal increase in bone tissue volume.

Conclusions. The findings of the study demonstrated that the long-term success of dental implantation depends on a combination of many factors, including bone volume and quality, shape, geometry, implant design, and surface microstructure.
Anterior Chamber Characteristics, Endothelial Parameters, and Corneal Densitometry After Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty in Patients With Fuchs Dystrophy
Authors: Karadag Remzi , M. Hammersmith Kristin , K. Nagra Parveen , J. Rapuano Christopher
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To compare anterior segment parameters in patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED) who underwent Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in one eye and no corneal surgery in the fellow eye.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 28 eyes of 14 patients with FED who underwent DSAEK in one eye at least one year prior (DSAEK group) and no corneal surgery in the fellow eye (control group). Each eye was analyzed with the anterior segment optical coherence tomography, specular microscopy, and Scheimpflug imaging systems. Data were compared between the two groups.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 76.9 ± 7.0 years. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean central corneal thickness (CCT), central anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle parameters, cylinder and keratometry values between two groups (all P-values > 0.05). The paracentral corneal thickness, corneal volume, endothelial cell density, and hexagonal cell ratio measurements were statistically significantly higher in the DSAEK group than the control (all P-values < 0.05), and anterior chamber volume in the DSAEK group was significantly less than the control (P = 0.046). While posterior and total corneal densitometry values in the DSAEK group were statistically significantly lower than the control (P < 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively), there were no statistically significant differences in the anterior or middle corneal densities (P = 0.108 and P = 0.134, respectively).
Conclusion: We found that total corneal densitometry value decreased in DSAEK group. Although DSAEK surgery did not affect the anterior chamber angle parameters, it reduced the anterior chamber volume and increased the corneal volume and paracentral corneal thickness due to the addition of the DSAEK graft.
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors and Visual Side Effects: A Narrative Review
Authors: Barroso Francisco , Crispim Ribeiro João , P. Miranda Eduardo
Published: May 2021

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors such as sildenafil citrate and tadalafil are well known for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, their use in the presence of pulmonary hypertension can cause ophthalmologic side effects, including non-arteritic optic ischemic neuropathy, chorioretinopathy, glaucoma, and optic atrophy. The present review aimed to identify these visual side effects and provide recommendations. We identified articles published from January 2000 to March 2019 on diseases arising from the management of sexual dysfunction in urology or pulmonary hypertension in pneumonia that could cause pathologic alterations in eye structure based on a literature search of the MEDLINE electronic database using keywords for the most common adverse effects and different kinds of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. After applying the exclusion criteria, we selected 36 of the 77 articles initially identified to write the narrative review and added 20 additional articles to completely describe the pathological entities. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors can cause side effects in the eye including ocular surface abnormalities, increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma, uveitis, non-arteritic ischemic neuropathy, chorioretinopathy, retinal occlusion, and visual field changes. There is an increased need for well-performed studies to better understand these side effects, which are common due to the wide use of sildenafil.
Photopigment Bleaching Phenomenon on Fluorescein Angiography in a Patient with Impending Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Hassanpoor Narges , Mirshahi Ahmad , Reza Niyousha Mohammad
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To present the second case of photopigment bleaching phenomenon in fluorescein angiography (FA) and the first case of this phenomenon due to impending central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).
Case Report: A 32-year-old healthy female noticed blurred vision in her right eye one day before presentation. Despite the 20/20 visual acuity at presentation, mild increased retinal vascular tortuosity and unilateral photopigment bleaching phenomenon in FA was observed in the right eye. Three weeks later, she developed a complete CRVO with visual acuity reduction to 20/40 that responded well to the intravitreal injection of aflibercept.
Conclusion: Impending CRVO can cause unilateral photopigment bleaching phenomenon in FA that may be due to retinal ischemia.
Investigation of Risk Factors for Otitis Media With Effusion in Patients with Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy
Authors: AKCAN Fatih Alper , BELADA Abdullah
Published: May 2021

Objective: Sleep Disordered Breathing (USB) is one of the most common childhood disorders ranging from simple snoring to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and most common cause of it is the adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH). Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) is another important problem in children with USB due to ATH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible risk factors for the development of EOM in children with USB due to ATH.

Material and Methods: 171 pediatric patients with ATH-related snoring and sleep apnea complaints were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1: patients with ATH + OME and Group 2: patients with ATH alone. A pre-operative standard questionnaire was used to assess USB severity. Twenty-one different parameters were evaluated for both groups.

Results: Age, sex, exposure to tobacco smoke, cow milk exposure before 12 months, breast milk only for at least 6 months, duration of symptoms, USB symptom scores, history of recurrent tonsillitis, adenoid / nasopharynx (AN) ratio, tonsil size, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (Hb) level, hematocrit (Hct) ratio, mean platelet volume (MPV), eosinophil ratio, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), thyroid function tests (TSH, fT4), folate and vitamin B12 levels were evaluated. There was no statistically significant difference between these parameters except BMI. BMI values were 16.08 ± 1.96 in Group 1 and 17.11 ± 2.81 in Group 2, respectively (p: 0.006).

Conclusion: Many different parameters were evaluated for EOM, a multifactorial disease. Among the groups, only BMI was different. Further study is required to identify risk factors for the development of EOM in patients with ATH.
Percepções e expectativas dos formadores e formandos do Instituto de Formação de Professores de Chongoene
Authors: Mataruca Isabel Vasco Mamude
Published: May 2021

Este estudo, de carácter exploratório e descritivo, foi desenvolvido com recurso ao paradigma interpretativista, seguindo uma abordagem qualitativa, integrando 54 participantes, distribuídos por dois grupos distintos: (i) formadores do Instituto de Formação de Professores de Chongoene e (ii) formandos do Instituto de Formação de Professores de Chongoene. O presente artigo tem como objectivo debater as percepções e expectativas dos formadores e formandos do Instituto de Formação de Professores de Chongoene sobre o novo modelo de Formação de professores do ensino primário e educadores de adultos. As vozes dos sujeitos entrevistados, dos grupos de formadores e formandos, sinalizam que há percepções e expectativas específicas de cada grupo que são vistas em ângulos diferentes. Os formadores estão conscientes da pressão que existe sobre o sistema educativo moçambicano, daí que no processo de ensino e aprendizagem demonstram muita preocupação com a qualidade do produto final a apresentar à sociedade. Entretanto, os formandos participantes neste estudo são unânimes no elogio ao desempenho profissional e à actuação dos seus formadores. Neste contexto, um grande desafio é colocado ao Instituto de Formação de Professores de Chongoene para preparar profissionais competentes, reflexivos, proactivos orientados para a profissionalização da actividade docente o que pressupõe a adaptação da sua cultura organizacional à administração e gestão de um curso flexível.
Cooperativismo de saúde, mais de meio século de inovações e conquistas atento aos princípios e valores cooperativos
Authors: Cardoso Braga Paulo Roberto
Published: May 2021

Este artículo discute la constitución y desarrollo de la rama cooperativa SAÚDE, un modelo cooperativo genuinamente brasileño; fruto del ideal de los médicos en la búsqueda de ofrecer una excelente atención a los usuarios, siempre enfocados a la aplicación práctica de los principios y valores cooperativos, sin olvidar la aplicación de la legislación de regulación cooperativa y los principios constitucionales relevantes para la salud complementaria. Valores, principios, ética y su estructura de cara a la correcta exégesis de las cooperativas de salud.

Recibido: 09 noviembre 2020Aceptado: 07 enero 2021
Panorama das cooperativas de crédito no Brasil
Authors: De Souza Leonardo Rafael
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo apresenta um panorama sobre a realidade do cooperativismo de crédito brasileiro desde a sua origem rural e solidária até a atual tendência de bancarização da sua atividade em detrimento dos aspectos humano e social que orientam com igual importância todo e qualquer empreendimento cooperativo. Ao discorrer ainda sobre a consolidação das bases legais das sociedades cooperativas de crédito no Brasil, este ensaio busca identificar o processo de transformação do pensamento cooperativo de crédito brasileiro, atualmente tendente a um processo de «companização» da sua legislação e funcionamento. Ao final reflete-se —a partir de exemplos e destaques normativos— sobre os riscos deste fenômeno para as perspectivas das cooperativas de crédito à luz da identidade cooperativa.

Recibido: 28 octubre 2020Aceptado: 17 diciembre 2020
Price Spread and Marketing Efficiency of Capsicum: A Study of Kandaghat Block of Solan District in Himachal Pradesh (India)
Authors: Kalia Prerna , Kathuria Kapil , Kumar Krishan , Farooq Mohammad Sadaqat
Published: May 2021

Background: Capsicum is one of the major cash crops of Himachal Pradesh. Marketing of their produce has always been considered the major constraint by the farmers of this region hence it necessitated the present study to investigate the price spread and marketing efficiency of capsicum grown in Kandaghat block of Solan district which is a leading producer of capsicum in Himachal Pradesh. Methods: A multistage random sampling technique with purposive selection of Kandaghat block was followed. Primary data was collected from 73 farmers of 12 different villages in Kandaghat block of Himachal Pradesh and also form 10 traders and other intermediaries operating in nearby markets and APMC. The data collected was analyzed by calculating price-spread and marketing efficiency. Result: Most of the farmers sold their produce in local markets while few farmers sold their produce in distant markets to fetch better price. The average marketing cost was found ₹ 145.78 per quintal and share of producer in consumers’ rupee was observed to be 66.43 per cent. Most of the marketing cost was found to be borne by farmers and least by the retailers. Marketing efficiency was found to be of 1.97.