bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Stabilizing and Private Distributed Shared Atomic Memory in Seldomly Fair Message Passing Networks
Authors: Dolev Shlomi , Petig Thomas , Schiller Elad M.
Published: August 2022

We study the problem of privately emulating shared memory in message-passing networks. The system includes clients that store and retrieve replicated information onNservers, out of whichearedata-corrupting malicious. When a client accesses a data-corrupting malicious server, the data field of that server response might be different from the value it originally stored. However, all other control variables in the server reply and protocol actions are according to the server algorithm. For the coded atomic storage algorithms by Cadambe et al., we present an enhancement that ensures no information leakage and data-corrupting malicious fault-tolerance. We also consider recovery after the occurrence of transient faults that violate the assumptions according to which the system was designed to operate. After their last occurrence, transient faults leave the system in an arbitrary state (while the program code stays intact). We present a self-stabilizing algorithm, which recovers after the occurrence of transient faults. This addition to Cadambe et al. considers asynchronous settings as long as no transient faults occur. The recovery from transient faults that bring the system counters (close) to their maximal values may include the use of a global reset procedure, which requires the system run to be controlled by a fair scheduler. After the recovery period, the safety properties are provided for asynchronous system runs that are not necessarily controlled by fair schedulers. Since the recovery period is bounded and the occurrence of transient faults is extremely rare, we call this design criteria self-stabilization in the presence of seldom fairness. Our self-stabilizing algorithm uses a bounded amount of storage during asynchronous executions (that are not necessarily controlled by fair schedulers). To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to address privacy, data-corrupting malicious behavior, and self-stabilization in the context of emulating atomic shared memory in message-passing systems.
Remote sensing techniques and geochemical constraints on the formation of the Wadi El-Hima mineralized granites, Egypt: new insights into the genesis and accumulation of garnets
Authors: Khedr Mohamed Zaki , Abo Khashaba Saif M. , El-Shibiny N. H. , El-Arafy Reda A. , Takazawa Eiichi , Azer Mokhles K. , Palin Richard. M.
Published: August 2022

The Wadi El-Hima Neoproterozoic I- and A-type granites in the Southern Eastern Desert of Egypt are rich in garnets (up to 30 vol%) and are cut by NW–SE strike-slip faults, as confirmed from structure lineament extraction maps. These mineralized granites and garnet mineralization zones can be successfully discriminated using remote sensing techniques. Spectral angle mapper and matched filtering techniques are highly effective for mapping garnet-rich zones and show that the highest garnet concentrations occur along the intrusive contact zone of NW–SE striking faults. El-Hima granites have high SiO2(73.5–75.1 wt%), Al2O3(13.4–15.3 wt%) and total alkali (6.7–8.7 wt%) contents, suggesting that they were sourced from peraluminous (A/CNK > 1) parental magmas. Garnet-bearing trondhjemites are metasomatic in origin and formed after I-type tonalite-granodiorites, which originated in a volcanic arc tectonic setting. Garnet-rich syenogranites and alkali-feldspar granites are both post-collisional A-type granites: the syenogranites formed from peraluminous magmas generated by partial melting of lower crustal tonalite and metasedimentary protoliths during lithospheric delamination, and the alkali-feldspar granites crystallized from highly fractionated, felsic and alkali-rich peraluminous magmas in the upper crust. Garnets in El-Hima mineralized granites occur in three forms: (1) subhedral disseminated crystals, (2) vein-type crystals, and (3) aggregated subhedral crystals, reflecting different mechanisms of accumulation. All are dominantly almandine in composition (Alm76Sps10Prp7Grs6Adr1) and have high average concentrations of heavy rare earth elements (HREE) (ΣHREE = 1636 ppm), Y = (3394 ppm), Zn (325 ppm), Li (39.17 ppm) and Ga (34.94 ppm). Garnet REE patterns show strong negative Eu anomalies with HREE enriched relative to LREE, indicating a magmatic origin. These magmatic garnets are late-stage crystallization products of Al-rich hydrous magmas, and formed at low temperature (680–730 °C) and pressure (2.1–2.93 kbar) conditions in the upper continental crust. Peculiar garnet concentrations in syenogranites near and along contact zones with alkali feldspar granites are related to peraluminous parent hydrous magma compositions. These garnets formed by in situ crystallization from A-type granite melts, alongside accumulation of residual garnets left behind after partial melting of the host garnet-rich granites along the intrusive contact. Magmatic-fluid flow along the NW–SE striking fault of Najd system enhanced garnet accumulation in melts, which formed clots and veins of garnet.
Does surgical plethysmographic index-guided analgesia affect opioid requirement and extubation time? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hung Shao-Chi , Hsu Wei-Ti , Fu Chi-Lin , Lai Yu-Wen , Shen Mei-Ling , Chen Kuen-Bao
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This meta-analysis of all relevant clinical trials investigated surgical plethysmographic index (SPI)-guided analgesia’s efficacy under general anesthesia for perioperative opioid requirement and emergence time after anesthesia.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2022 to identify clinical trials comparing SPI-guided and conventional clinical practice for patients who underwent general anesthesia. With the random-effects model, we compared intraoperative opioid consumption, emergence time, postoperative pain, analgesia requirement, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).

Results

Thirteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 1314) met our selection criteria. The overall pooled effect sizes of all RCTs indicated that SPI-guided analgesia could not significantly reduce opioid consumption during general anesthesia. SPI-guided analgesia accompanied with hypnosis monitoring could decrease intraoperative opioid consumption (standardized mean difference [SMD] − 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.63 to 0.00) more effectively than SPI without hypnosis monitoring (SMD 1.03, 95% CI 0.53–1.53), showing a significant difference (p < 0.001). SPI-guided analgesia could significantly shorten the emergence time, whether assessed by extubation time (SMD − 0.36, 95% CI − 0.70 to − 0.03, p < 0.05, I2 = 67%) or eye-opening time (SMD − 0.40, 95% CI − 0.63 to − 0.18, p < 0.001, I2 = 54%). SPI-guided analgesia did not affect the incidence of PONV, postoperative pain, and analgesia management.

Conclusion

SPI-guided analgesia under general anesthesia could enhance recovery after surgery without increasing the postoperative complication risk. However, it did not affect intraoperative opioid requirement. Notably, SPI-guided analgesia with hypnosis monitoring could effectively reduce intraoperative opioid requirement.
A novel approach to construct self-assembled 3D MEMS arrays
Authors: Akhundzada Sapida , Yang Xiaohui , Fiedler Johannes , Käkel Eireen , Al-Qargholi Basim , Buhmann Stefan , Ehresmann Arno , Hillmer Hartmut
Published: August 2022

The paper presents the design and technological fabrication process of Yin or Yang-shaped, micron-sized electromechanical system (MEMS) elements displaying asymmetric hollow cylinders with two different curvatures of the cylinder shell. By adapting the process steps, two neighboring shutter MEMS elements can either be attached to each other to create asymmetric hollow cylinders or remain disconnected to form curled cylindrical or ellipsoidal tubes or tube fractions. A novel 3D self-organization process has been developed to connect two neighboring shutter elements, exploiting surface tension forces via a sequential drying process. The process conditions have been analyzed and optimized to fabricate the two different geometries of the MEMS elements. The resulting MEMS system elements were characterized by focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy. The contribution of Casimir force, van der Waals force, and other physical interfacial forces are discussed in the formation of the asymmetric hollow cylinders.
Microscopic and Acoustic Interpretations of the Physics of Rock Burst and the Difference in Fracturing Patterns in Class I and Class II Rocks
Authors: Wan Wenkai , Li Charlie C.
Published: August 2022

The progressive microcracking processes in a burst-prone Class II rock, Kuru granite, and a non-burst-prone Class I rock, Fauske marble were investigated, aiming to reveal the physics of rock burst and the difference in burst-proneness in Class I and Class II rocks. The cylindrical rock specimens of Kuru granite and Fauske marble were uniaxially loaded to various levels in both pre- and post-peak stages, which was monitored by Acoustic emission technique. After that, the thin sections parallel and perpendicular to the loading direction were prepared from each unloaded specimen. The observed intergranular and intragranular cracks in thin sections were quantitatively analyzed in their length, width and orientation as well as the fracturing modes. It was found that extensional intergranular cracking dominated the damaging process in Kuru granite in the pre-peak stage. In the post-peak stage, both intergranular and intragranular cracks increased abruptly. The granite specimen finally failed in splitting. Intragranular shear cracking in calcite dominated the damaging process in Fauske marble. A number of shear fractures formed in the marble and finally the marble failed along a shear fracture zone. It was deduced that, under low confining stress, the fracturing process in Kuru granite of Class II was dominated by extensional fracturing in the direction of σ1, which dissipated a relatively small portion of the strain energy in the rock and the remaining energy was released for rock ejection. The fracturing in Fauske marble of Class I was dominated by intragranular shear cracking, which dissipated the entire strain energy.
Crowd-based requirements elicitation via pull feedback: method and case studies
Authors: Wouters Jelle , Menkveld Abel , Brinkkemper Sjaak , Dalpiaz Fabiano
Published: August 2022

Crowd-based Requirements Engineering (CrowdRE) promotes the active involvement of a large number of stakeholders in RE activities. A prominent strand of CrowdRE research concerns the creation and use of online platforms for a crowd of stakeholders to formulate ideas, which serve as an additional input for requirements elicitation. Most of the reported case studies are of small size, and they analyze the size of the crowd, rather than the quality of the collected ideas. By means of an iterative design that includes three case studies conducted at two organizations, we present the CREUS method for crowd-based elicitation via user stories. Besides reporting the details of these case studies and quantitative results on the number of participants, ideas, votes, etc., a key contribution of this paper is a qualitative analysis of the elicited ideas. To analyze the quality of the user stories, we apply criteria from the Quality User Story framework, we calculate automated text readability metrics, and we check for the presence of vague words. We also study whether the user stories can be linked to software qualities, and the specificity of the ideas. Based on the results, we distill six key findings regarding CREUS and, more generally, for CrowdRE via pull feedback.
Evaluation of IL-23p19/Ebi3 (IL-39) gingival crevicular fluid levels in periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis
Authors: Sari Aysegul , Dogan Serdar , Nibali Luigi , Koseoglu Serhat
Published: August 2022

Objectives

IL-23p19/Ebi3 (IL-39) was described as a new IL-12 family member. The aim of this study is to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) IL-39 levels in periodontal diseases and health and to correlate them to GCF levels of IL-1β and periostin.

Materials and methods

Sixty-six adult patients were included in the study. The study design was comprised of three groups, each containing 22 individuals: the periodontally healthy (PH), gingivitis (G), and periodontitis (P) groups. The clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and GCF samples were collected from the participants. GCF interleukin (IL)-39, IL-1β, and periostin levels were examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

GCF IL‑1β, periostin, and IL-39 levels were higher in the P and G groups than in the PH group (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were detected between all GCF biochemical parameters and clinical periodontal parameters (p < 0.05). In the multivariate generalized linear regression analysis, the P (β = 37.6, 95% CI = 22.9–52.4) and G (β = 28.4, 95% CI = 15.8–41) groups were associated with GCF IL-39 levels (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

IL-39 levels were elevated in the presence of periodontal disease paralleling the increase in IL‑1β and periostin levels. IL-39 may have a role in the periodontal inflammation process.

Statement of clinical relevance

IL-39, a new cytokine from the IL-12 family, can be a possible predictor marker of periodontal diseases.
Stochastic dual dynamic programming for multistage stochastic mixed-integer nonlinear optimization
Authors: Zhang Shixuan , Sun Xu Andy
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we study multistage stochastic mixed-integer nonlinear programs (MS-MINLP). This general class of problems encompasses, as important special cases, multistage stochastic convex optimization with non-Lipschitzian value functions and multistage stochastic mixed-integer linear optimization. We develop stochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP) type algorithms with nested decomposition, deterministic sampling, and stochastic sampling. The key ingredient is a new type of cuts based on generalized conjugacy. Several interesting classes of MS-MINLP are identified, where the new algorithms are guaranteed to obtain the global optimum without the assumption of complete recourse. This significantly generalizes the classic SDDP algorithms. We also characterize the iteration complexity of the proposed algorithms. In particular, for a $$(T+1)$$

(
T
+
1
)

-stage stochastic MINLP satisfying L-exact Lipschitz regularization with d-dimensional state spaces, to obtain an $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-optimal root node solution, we prove that the number of iterations of the proposed deterministic sampling algorithm is upper bounded by $${\mathcal {O}}((\frac{2LT}{\varepsilon })^d)$$

O
(

(

2
L
T

ε

)

d

)

, and is lower bounded by $${\mathcal {O}}((\frac{LT}{4\varepsilon })^d)$$

O
(

(

LT

4
ε

)

d

)

for the general case or by $${\mathcal {O}}((\frac{LT}{8\varepsilon })^{d/2-1})$$

O
(

(

LT

8
ε

)

d
/
2
-
1

)

for the convex case. This shows that the obtained complexity bounds are rather sharp. It also reveals that the iteration complexity depends polynomially on the number of stages. We further show that the iteration complexity depends linearly on T, if all the state spaces are finite sets, or if we seek a $$(T\varepsilon )$$

(
T
ε
)

-optimal solution when the state spaces are infinite sets, i.e. allowing the optimality gap to scale with T. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that reports global optimization algorithms as well as iteration complexity results for solving such a large class of multistage stochastic programs. The iteration complexity study resolves a conjecture by the late Prof. Shabbir Ahmed in the general setting of multistage stochastic mixed-integer optimization.
Prospects and problems: considerations for smallholder cattle grazing in oil palm plantations in South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Bremer Jori A. , Lobry de Bruyn Lisa A. , Smith R. Geoff B. , Darsono Wahyu , Soedjana Tjeppy D. , Cowley Frances C.
Published: August 2022

Current Indonesian beef production only meets 45% of local demand. Increasing local beef production through integration of cattle production in pre-existing oil palm plantations is a possible solution to meeting this shortfall. The oil palm understorey provides feed, alleviating the need to convert additional land to agriculture. Smallholders are important contributors to both Indonesian cattle and palm oil production. This case study research seeks to understand key aspects of smallholder cattle management in palm oil production areas, to highlight opportunities and barriers to cattle integration. Thirty-nine smallholder cattle farmers from four villages in South Kalimantan were individually interviewed. The lack of alternative feed sources was the major driver towards the adoption of cattle production using oil palm understorey as feed. Cattle grazing was uncontrolled due to labour shortages and occurred in individually owned and ‘plasma’ plantations, with cattle penned at night where possible to avoid theft. Arrangements on land access and use between stakeholders are needed for systematic cattle grazing and to control cattle theft.
Impact of Flame-Generated Turbulent Intensity and Flame Speed on the Low-Order Modelling of Light-Round
Authors: Mesquita Léo C. C. , Ciardiello Roberto , Mastorakos Epaminondas
Published: August 2022

A previously-developed low-order Lagrangian stochastic model for ignition of premixed and non-premixed flames is modified in this paper to improve the numerical prediction of the light-round process in premixed annular combustors. The model refinements take into account Flame-Generated Turbulent Intensity (FGTI) and impose a turbulent flame speed correlation to the flame particles using expressions from the literature. For this, using RANS CFD results as an input, the model was applied to simulate the ignition transient in a premixed, swirled bluff body stabilised annular combustor to characterise the light-round time, both in stable conditions and close to the stability limits. Several cases were analysed, where flame speed and fuel were varied and light-round times were compared to experimental results. The proposed modifications improved the accuracy of the light-round time predictions, suggesting that FGTI may be an important phenomenon to be modelled. This modified model coupled with dilatation and the Peter’s assumption for the turbulent flame speed resulted in considerable improvement for the light-round time calculation for the explored range of parameters. This is an attractive feature considering the low computational cost of these simulations, which can be run in a single core of a local workstation. The improved model can help gas turbine engineers assess the ignition behaviour of annular combustors early in the design process.
Benchmark study for the simulation of Underground Hydrogen Storage operations
Authors: Hogeweg Sebastian , Strobel Gion , Hagemann Birger
Published: August 2022

While the share of renewable energy sources increased within the last years with an ongoing upward trend, the energy sector is facing the problem of storing large amounts of electrical energy properly. To compensate daily and seasonal fluctuations, a sufficient storage system has to be developed. The storage of hydrogen in the subsurface, referred to as Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS), shows potential to be a solution for this problem. Hydrogen, produced from excess energy via electrolysis, is injected into a subsurface reservoir and withdrawn when required. As hydrogen possesses unique thermodynamic properties, many commonly used correlations can not be simply transferred to a system with a high hydrogen content. Mixing processes with the present fluids are essential to be understood to achieve high storage efficiencies. Additionally, in the past, microbial activity, e.g. by methanogenic archaea, was observed, leading to a changing fluid composition over time. To evaluate the capability of reservoir simulators to cover these processes, the present study establishes a benchmark scenario of an exemplary underground hydrogen storage scenario. The benchmark comprises of a generic sandstone gas reservoir and a typical gas storage schedule is defined. Based on this benchmark, the present study assesses the capabilities of the commercial simulator Schlumberger ECLIPSE and the open-source simulator DuMux to mimic UHS related processes such as hydrodynamics but also microbial activity. While ECLIPSE offers a reasonable mix of user-friendliness and computation time, DuMux allows for a better adjustment of correlations and the implementation of biochemical reactions. The corresponding input data (ECLIPSE format) and relevant results are provided in a repository to allow this simulation study’s reproduction and extension.
Technology and moral change: the transformation of truth and trust
Authors: Danaher John , Sætra Henrik Skaug
Published: August 2022

Technologies can have profound effects on social moral systems. Is there any way to systematically investigate and anticipate these potential effects? This paper aims to contribute to this emerging field on inquiry through a case study method. It focuses on two core human values—truth and trust—describes their structural properties and conceptualisations, and then considers various mechanisms through which technology is changing and can change our perspective on those values. In brief, the paper argues that technology is transforming these values by changing the costs/benefits of accessing them; allowing us to substitute those values for other, closely-related ones; increasing their perceived scarcity/abundance; and disrupting traditional value-gatekeepers. This has implications for how we study other, technologically-mediated, value changes.
Skinny kelp (Saccharina angustissima) provides valuable genetics for the biomass improvement of farmed sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima)
Authors: Li Yaoguang , Umanzor Schery , Ng Crystal , Huang Mao , Marty-Rivera Michael , Bailey David , Aydlett Margaret , Jannink Jean-Luc , Lindell Scott , Yarish Charles
Published: August 2022

Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp) is one of the most widely cultivated brown marine macroalgae species in the North Atlantic and the eastern North Pacific Oceans. To meet the expanding demands of the sugar kelp mariculture industry, selecting and breeding sugar kelp that is best suited to offshore farm environments is becoming necessary. To that end, a multi-year, multi-institutional breeding program was established by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) Macroalgae Research Inspiring Novel Energy Resources (MARINER) program. Hybrid sporophytes were generated using 203 unique gametophyte cultures derived from wild-collected Saccharina spp. for two seasons of farm trials (2019–2020 and 2020–2021). The wild sporophytes were collected from 10 different locations within the Gulf of Maine (USA) region, including both sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) and the skinny kelp species (Saccharina angustissima). We harvested 232 common farm plots during these two seasons with available data. We found that farmed kelp plots with skinny kelp as parents had an average increased yield over the mean (wet weight 2.48 ± 0.90 kg m−1 and dry weight 0.32 ± 0.10 kg m−1) in both growing seasons. We also found that blade length positively correlated with biomass in skinny kelp x sugar kelp crosses or pure sugar kelp crosses. The skinny x sugar progenies had significantly longer and narrower blades than the pure sugar kelp progenies in both seasons. Overall, these findings suggest that sugar x skinny kelp crosses provide improved yield compared to pure sugar kelp crosses.
Effect of quantitative versus qualitative neuromuscular blockade monitoring on rocuronium consumption in patients undergoing abdominal and gynecological surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Blum Lea Valeska , Steeger Ellen , Iken Sonja , Lotz Gösta , Zinn Sebastian , Piekarski Florian , Zacharowski Kai , Raimann Florian Jürgen
Published: August 2022

The level of neuromuscular blockade can be assessed by subjective (qualitative) and objective (quantitative) methods. This study aims to compare the dosage of the neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) rocuronium and the need for reversion by sugammadex between those methods. A retrospective, observational analysis was conducted. In the tactile qualitative-neuromuscular monitoring-group (tactile NMM) (n = 244), muscle contractions were assessed tactilely. In the quantitative neuromuscular monitoring-group (n = 295), contractions were accessed using an acceleromyograph. Primary endpoints were dosage of rocuronium per minute operation-time (milligram per kilogram bodyweight per minute (mg/kgBW/min)), count of repeated rocuronium administrations and use of sugammadex. Secondary endpoints were: NMM use before repeated NMBA application or extubation, time to extubation, post-operative oxygen demand. A total of n = 539 patients were included. n = 244 patients were examined with tactile NMM and 295 patients by quantitative NMM. Quantitative NMM use resulted in significantly lower rocuronium dosing (tactile NMM: 0.01 (± 0.007) mg/kgBW/min vs. quantitative NMM: 0.008 (± 0.006) mg/kgBW/min (p < 0.001)). In quantitative NMM use fewer repetitions of rocuronium application were necessary (tactile NMM: 83% (n = 202) vs. quantitative NMM: 71% (n = 208) p = 0.007). Overall, 24% (n = 58) in the tactile NMM-group, and 20% (n = 60) in the quantitative NMM-group received sugammadex ((p = 0.3), OR: 1.21 (0.81–1.82)). Significantly fewer patients in the quantitative NMM-group required oxygen-supply postoperative (quantitative NMM: 43% (n = 120)) vs. tactile NMM: 57% (n = 128)) (p = 0.002). The use of quantitative assessment of NMBA results in a lower overall dosage and requires fewer repetitions of rocuronium application. Therefore, quantitative monitoring systems should be used to monitor NMBA intraoperatively to reduce NMBA dosing, while achieving continuous neuromuscular blockade.
Exploring the Contextual Factors of Religious Leader Participation in Health Communication: Evidence from a Qualitative Study in Sierra Leone
Authors: Luetke Lanfer Hanna , Rossmann Constanze , Kargbo Sorie Ibrahim
Published: August 2022

As there are many and sometimes ambivalent intersections of health and religion, strategic collaborations with religious opinion leaders in health campaigns have been increasingly explored. Despite the known influence of distinct contextual factors within emergency and non-emergency settings, existing research seldom distinguishes between those different factors and their impact on the inclusion of religious leaders as health messengers. To compare the contextual factors of religious leaders as health messengers during emergency and non-emergency situations in a setting with high religious affiliations, this study used a qualitative approach and triangulated the perspectives of three different samples, including (religious) opinion leaders, members of religious communities, and developers of health communication strategies in Sierra Leone. The results provide multifaceted insights into contextual factors applicable to emergency and non-emergency settings as well as the risks and opportunities. Recommendations for the incorporation of religious leaders in health promotion activities in consideration of different contextual factors are provided.
Computing Conjugate Barrier Information for Nonsymmetric Cones
Authors: Kapelevich Lea , Andersen Erling D. , Vielma Juan Pablo
Published: August 2022

The recent interior point algorithm by Dahl and Andersen [10] for nonsymmetric cones as well as earlier works [18, 21] require derivative information from the conjugate of the barrier function of the cones in the problem. Besides a few special cases, there is no indication of when this information is efficient to evaluate. We show how to compute the gradient of the conjugate barrier function for seven useful nonsymmetric cones. In some cases, this is helpful for deriving closed-form expressions for the inverse Hessian operator for the primal barrier.
REMARKS ON GENERALIZED HILBERT OPERATORS
Authors: Blasco Oscar
Published: August 2022

Given a regular measure $$\eta \in M([0,1))$$

η
∈
M
(
[
0
,
1
)
)

and an analytic function $$g\in {\mathcal H}(\mathbb {D})$$

g
∈
H
(
D
)

, we define $$H(\eta ,g)(z)=\int _0^1g(tz)d\eta (t)$$

H

(
η
,
g
)

(
z
)

=

∫
0
1

g

(
t
z
)

d
η

(
t
)

and study its boundedness from $$X\times Y$$

X
×
Y

into Z where $$X\subset M([0,1))$$

X
⊂
M
(
[
0
,
1
)
)

and $$Y,Z\subset {\mathcal H}(\mathbb {D})$$

Y
,
Z
⊂
H
(
D
)

are the Hardy spaces. We shall analyze the case $$X=L^p([0,1))$$

X
=

L
p

(

[
0
,
1
)

)

and characterize the functions $$g\in {\mathcal H}(\mathbb {D})$$

g
∈
H
(
D
)

such that $$H_g$$

H
g

maps $$L^p([0,1))$$

L
p

(

[
0
,
1
)

)

into $$H^p(\mathbb {D})$$

H
p

(
D
)

where $$H_g(\eta )=H(\eta , g)$$

H
g

(
η
)

=
H

(
η
,
g
)

.
Vulnerabilities Prompting Use of Technology and Screen by Mothers of Autistic Children in India: Lived Experiences and Comparison to Scientific Literature
Authors: Lal Seema Girija , Syurina Elena , González Laura Pilz , Bally Esmée L. S. , Gopikumar Vandana , Bunders-Aelen J. G. F.
Published: August 2022

Technology and screen media has its place in every home, yet the influences of the same are less known. This research aims to explore the vulnerabilities that prompt the mothers to use screen media for their children, prior to a diagnosis of autism for their child. It also aims to explore literature the influence of screen media on speech and language development in children. This study combined semi-structured interviews with 16 mothers of autistic children in Southern India and a scoping literature review that resulted in 24 articles. The literature refers to a positive influence when co-viewing with the child, and it predominantly highlights improvements in speech and not in language. The interviews revealed that screens were used as a means of support, a language and learning development tool, or as a calming technique. Thus, the study shows that the mothers resorted to screen use for their children more out of helplessness, and not as an informed choice. Mothers of autistic children clearly express their vulnerabilities and indicate feelings of being lost without advice, with regard to use of screen-time. This suggests a need for more research into how they can be supported.
Division Does Not Imply Predictability: Demographics Continue to Reveal Little About Voting and Partisanship
Authors: Kim Seo-young Silvia , Zilinsky Jan
Published: August 2022

What are the political consequences of ongoing social sorting? We evaluate the degree of social sorting and mass polarization using the predictability of partisanship and voting decisions as quantities of interest. Contrary to expectations, demographic sorting has not produced a very predictable electorate. Models trained on nothing more than demographic labels from public opinion surveys (1952–2020) predict only 63.9% of two-party vote choices and 63.4% of partisan IDs correctly out-of-sample—whether they be based on logistic regressions or tree-based machine learning models. Moreover, demographics’ predictive power over vote choice or partisan affiliation shows a surprising stability over time. We argue that while select demographics’ marginal effects may appear to be evidence of social sorting, the joint predictability of political behavior using only demographic characteristics has been, and still is, modest at best.
Game-Theoretic Approach to Hölder Regularity for PDEs Involving Eigenvalues of the Hessian
Authors: Blanc Pablo , Han Jeongmin , Parviainen Mikko , Ruosteenoja Eero
Published: August 2022

We prove a local Hölder estimate for any exponent $0<\delta <\frac {1}{2}$
0
<
δ
<

1

2

for solutions of the dynamic programming principle $$ \begin{array}{@{}rcl@{}} u^{\varepsilon} (x) = \sum\limits_{j=1}^{n} \alpha_{j} \underset{\dim(S)=j}{\inf} \underset{|v|=1}{\underset{v\in S}{\sup}} \frac{u^{\varepsilon} (x + \varepsilon v) + u^{\varepsilon} (x - \varepsilon v)}{2} \end{array} $$

u

ε

(
x
)
=

∑

j
=
1

n

α

j

inf

dim
(
S
)
=
j

sup

v
∈
S

|
v
|
=
1

u

ε

(
x
+
ε
v
)
+

u

ε

(
x
−
ε
v
)

2

with α1,αn > 0 and α2,⋯ ,αn− 1 ≥ 0. The proof is based on a new coupling idea from game theory. As an application, we get the same regularity estimate for viscosity solutions of the PDE $$ \sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} \alpha_{i} \lambda_{i}(D^{2}u)=0, $$

∑

i
=
1

n

α

i

λ

i

(

D

2

u
)
=
0
,

where λ1(D2u) ≤⋯ ≤ λn(D2u) are the eigenvalues of the Hessian.
Yield sensing technologies for perennial and annual horticultural crops: a review
Authors: Longchamps Louis , Tisseyre Bruno , Taylor James , Sagoo Lizzie , Momin Abdul , Fountas Spyros , Manfrini Luigi , Ampatzidis Yiannis , Schueller John K. , Khosla Raj
Published: August 2022

Yield maps provide a detailed account of crop production and potential revenue of a farm. This level of details enables a range of possibilities from improving input management, conducting on-farm experimentation, or generating profitability map, thus creating value for farmers. While this technology is widely available for field crops such as maize, soybean and grain, few yield sensing systems exist for horticultural crops such as berries, field vegetable or orchards. Nevertheless, a wide range of techniques and technologies have been investigated as potential means of sensing crop yield for horticultural crops. This paper reviews yield monitoring approaches that can be divided into proximal, either direct or indirect, and remote measurement principles. It reviews remote sensing as a way to estimate and forecast yield prior to harvest. For each approach, basic principles are explained as well as examples of application in horticultural crops and success rate. The different approaches provide whether a deterministic (direct measurement of weight for instance) or an empirical (capacitance measurements correlated to weight for instance) result, which may impact transferability. The discussion also covers the level of precision required for different tasks and the trend and future perspectives. This review demonstrated the need for more commercial solutions to map yield of horticultural crops. It also showed that several approaches have demonstrated high success rate and that combining technologies may be the best way to provide enough accuracy and robustness for future commercial systems.
How do insider trading incentives shape nonfinancial disclosures? Evidence from product and business expansion disclosures
Authors: He Guanming
Published: August 2022

Nonfinancial disclosures of product and business expansion planning occur frequently in practice and are an important vehicle by which managers convey corporate information to outsiders. However, little is known about how the opportunistic incentives of managers affect the choice of such nonfinancial disclosures. This study examines whether managers make their nonfinancial disclosures strategically for self-serving trading incentives. I find strong and robust evidence to suggest that managers manipulate the timing and selectivity of their nonfinancial disclosures in an attempt to maximize trading profits. Specifically, managers tend to disclose bad (good) news on products or business expansion before purchasing (selling) shares. I also find that such strategic behavior is more evident when the expected price impact of the disclosures is greater and when the CEOs are more powerful. However, I do not find evidence that the strategic behavior is weaker for firms with high institutional stock ownership. Overall, my results contribute to understanding managers’ strategic use of nonfinancial disclosures in fulfilling personal trading incentives, and should be of interest to boards of directors charged with the responsibility of monitoring and restricting opportunistic managerial disclosures and insider trades.
Corporate Social Responsibility Activities Through Twitter: From Topic Model Analysis to Indexes Measuring Communication Characteristics
Authors: Salvatore Camilla , Biffignandi Silvia , Bianchi Annamaria
Published: August 2022

The communication of corporate social responsibility (CSR) highlights the behavior of the business toward CSR and their framework of sustainable development (SD), thus helping policymakers understand the role businesses play with respect to the 2030 Agenda. Despite its importance, this is still a relatively underexamined and emerging topic. In our paper, we focus on what businesses communicate about CSR through social media and how this relates to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We identified the topics discussed on Twitter, their evolution over time, and the differences across sectors. We applied the structural topic model (STM) algorithm, which allowed us to estimate the model, including document-level metadata (time and sector). This model proved to be a powerful tool for topic detection and the estimation of the effects of time and sector on the discussion proportion of the topics. Indeed, we found that the topics were well identified overall, and the model allowed catching signals from the data. We derived CSR communication indexes directly from the topic model (TM) results and propose the use of dissimilarity and homogeneity indexes to describe the communication mix and highlight differences and identify clusters.
A Fully Coupled Normal and Tangential Contact Model to Investigate the Effect of Surface Roughness on the Partial Slip of Dissimilar Elastic Materials
Authors: Wang Dongze , de Boer Gregory , Nadimi Sadegh , Neville Anne , Ghanbarzadeh Ali
Published: August 2022

By adopting a global search method for all shear tractions in the contacting area and using an alternative convergence criterion regarding load balance in the lateral direction, the newly developed algorithm provides stable solutions to partial-slip problems of elastically dissimilar materials. The model is validated via the comparison between the simulation and literature results for a sphere-on-flat problem under fully coupled conditions. It is then employed to investigate the influence of surface roughness parameters including the root mean square (RMS) roughness and RMS slope on partial-slip solutions under coupled conditions. Since the gross sliding condition is modified under coupling effects, the relationship between the ratio of the stick area to the contacting area (stick ratio) and tangential load in the coupled case, unlike that in the uncoupled one, becomes non-linear for all tested rough surfaces. Under low or medium tangential loads, the surface with a higher RMS gradient or a lower RMS roughness experiences more stick regions within the contacting area. This trend then becomes irregular at higher tangential loads.
Elastohydrodynamic Film Formation and Sol/Gel Transition of Aqueous Fluids
Authors: Asada K. , Cayer-Barrioz J. , Mazuyer D.
Published: August 2022

One of the most widely used water soluble lubricants is PolyAlkylene Glycol (PAG). PAG aqueous solutions can form a gel depending on the concentration and temperature, which affects the formation and friction of lubricating films. This experimental work combined rheological measurements and in-situ film-forming analysis in pure rolling conditions using PAG aqueous solutions of various concentrations. It shows that the pure PAG behaved classically as a piezoviscous fluid, while its aqueous solutions behaved as isoviscous fluids. This was confirmed by the establishment of a film formation map. In addition, the aqueous solutions exhibited two behaviors, characteristic of either sol or gel. A detailed analysis of the film thickness evolution, based on Moes–Venner’s predictions, allowed us to calculate the effective viscosity in the inlet zone and to discuss the origin of the two families, sol vs gel.

Graphical Abstract
Associative effects between Chlorella vulgaris microalgae and Moringa oleifera leaf silage used at different levels decreased in vitro ruminal greenhouse gas production and altered ruminal fermentation
Authors: Kholif Ahmed Eid , Gouda Gouda Abdelhaleam , Morsy Tarek Abdelfattah , Matloup Osama Hefiny , Sallam Sobhy Mohamed , Patra Amlan Kumar
Published: August 2022

Moringa oleifera leaf silage and Chlorella vulgaris microalgae mixture used at different levels replacing concentrate feed mixture in the diets of ruminant were evaluated using an in vitro gas production technique. C. vulgaris was included in rations at 1, 2, and 3% concentrations. The concentrate feed mixture was replaced by M. oleifera silage up to 100%. Productions of total gas, methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) and ruminal fermentation were measured. Interactions between M. oleifera and C. vulgaris levels were observed for the rate of total gas production, lag time of CH4 production, pH, and concentrations of ammonia-N (NH3-N), total volatile fatty acid (VFA), and propionate. The lower level of C. vulgaris increased total gas production and decreased CH4 and CO2 production as well as improved nutrient degradability compared to the other levels of C. vulgaris which showed less improvement in these parameters. The replacement levels of concentrate at 10 to 40% with M. oleifera linearly increased the asymptotic total gas production and degradabilities of dry matter and acid detergent fiber (P<0.05), while the replacement levels of 80 to 100% lowered the asymptotic (P<0.01) for the ration containing 1% C. vulgaris. Rations containing M. oleifera linearly increased the lag time of total gas production (P<0.05), neutral detergent fiber degradability, and ruminal bacteria count and decreased the asymptotic CH4 and CO2 production and ruminal protozoal count (P<0.05). For the rations containing 2 and 3% C. vulgaris, M. oleifera linearly (P<0.01) decreased the asymptotic total gas, CH4 and CO2 production, and ruminal protozoal count. The lag time of CH4 production was not affected at 1% C. vulgaris, but reduced linearly at 2% and 3% C. vulgaris. Ruminal pH was not affected by M. oleifera, but was increased by C. vulgaris at 3% level. Overall, M. oleifera in the ration containing C. vulgaris at all levels increased ruminal NH3-N concentration; however, C. vulgaris at 2% level and M. oleifera at levels up to 40% lowered NH3-N concentration. M. oleifera rations with 1% and 2% C. vulgaris increased the concentrations of total VFA and propionate, whereas these variables were not affected at 3% C. vulgaris level. In conclusion, replacement of concentrate mixture with M. oleifera at 30% level and C. vulgaris at 1% in the diet due to associative effects may improve ruminal fermentation and feed degradability while decreasing CH4 production.
The weighted cross-shareholding complex network: a copula approach to concentration and control in financial markets
Authors: Cerqueti Roy , Rotundo Giulia
Published: August 2022

In this work, we focus on the cross-shareholding structure in financial markets. Specifically, we build ad hoc indices of concentration and control by employing a complex network approach with a weighted adjacency matrix. To describe their left and right tail dependence properties, we explore the theoretical dependence structure between such indices through copula functions. The theoretical framework has been tested over a high-quality dataset based on the Italian Stock Market. In doing so, we clearly illustrate how the methodological setting works and derive financial insights. In particular, we advance calibration exercises on parametric copulas under the minimization of both Euclidean distance and entropy measure.
Assessing the accuracy of a new 3D2D registration algorithm based on a non-invasive skin marker model for navigated spine surgery
Authors: Bindels Bas J. J. , Weijers Rozemarijn A. M. , van Mourik Martijn S. , Homan Robert , Rongen Jan J. , Smits Maarten L. J. , Verlaan Jorrit-Jan
Published: August 2022

Purpose

We assessed the accuracy of a new 3D2D registration algorithm to be used for navigated spine surgery and explored anatomical and radiologic parameters affecting the registration accuracy. Compared to existing 3D2D registration algorithms, the algorithm does not need bone-mounted or table-mounted instruments for registration. Neither does the intraoperative imaging device have to be tracked or calibrated.

Methods

The rigid registration algorithm required imaging data (a pre-existing CT scan (3D) and two angulated fluoroscopic images (2D)) to register positions of vertebrae in 3D and is based on non-invasive skin markers. The algorithm registered five adjacent vertebrae and was tested in the thoracic and lumbar spine from three human cadaveric specimens. The registration accuracy was calculated for each registered vertebra and measured with the target registration error (TRE) in millimeters. We used multivariable analysis to identify parameters independently affecting the algorithm’s accuracy such as the angulation between the two fluoroscopic images (between 40° and 90°), the detector-skin distance, the number of skin markers applied, and waist circumference.

Results

The algorithm registered 780 vertebrae with a median TRE of 0.51 mm [interquartile range 0.32–0.73 mm] and a maximum TRE of 2.06 mm. The TRE was most affected by the angulation between the two fluoroscopic images obtained (p < 0.001): larger angulations resulted in higher accuracy. The algorithm was more accurate in thoracic vertebrae (p = 0.004) and in the specimen with the smallest waist circumference (p = 0.003). The algorithm registered all five adjacent vertebrae with similar accuracy.

Conclusion

We studied the accuracy of a new 3D2D registration algorithm based on non-invasive skin markers. The algorithm registered five adjacent vertebrae with similar accuracy in the thoracic and lumbar spine and showed a maximum target registration error of approximately 2 mm. To further evaluate its potential for navigated spine surgery, the algorithm may now be integrated into a complete navigation system.
“VULVA STUDY. hidden but not undiscovered” in Conversation with “Manufacturing the Vulva”
Authors: Şahinol Merve , Şahinol Melike
Published: August 2022

Cosmetic surgery and techno-medical manufacturing of the body are booming. The transformative potential of cosmetic surgery is used to shape and enhance physical appearance, gender identity and sexuality. Among the cosmetic procedures that have become popular is intimate surgery for women, which is oriented towards an ideal shape of the vulva. Almost in parallel with this trend, vulva-positive websites highlighting the diversity of the vulva are becoming ever more widespread in order to enlighten women and contribute to women’s health. This Art-Science Interaction consists of two parts that are in conversation with one another. Artist Merve Şahinol presents in her part “VULVA STUDY. hidden but not undiscovered” photographs of clay vulvas she modeled during therapy sessions to use in talks with women who are challenged by their own perception of their body image. She shares her thoughts and experience of the modeling and learning process in form of prose. In “Manufacturing the Vulva”, sociologist Melike Şahinol explores the rhizomatic dilemma between self/body awareness and empowerment, and the normalization and beauty constraints of manufacturing the vulva. This contribution emphasizes the awareness of the vulva as well as the lack of specific analyses of post-surgery embodiment experiences that include the “new” corporeal experience of sexuality and the fact that these experiences in general have been addressed but not sufficiently analyzed.