bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of sanctions pressure of the collective west on innovation activity of industrial enterprises of the Samara region
Authors: Yuklasova Anastasia V.
Published: July 2024

The article examines the influence of sanctions pressure from the collective West on the economic system of Russia and especially on the Samara region. The authors offer different points of view on this problem: some argue that sanctions have caused irreparable damage to the economy, while others believe that they can become a unique chance for the development of the domestic economic system. The article examines the change in the trajectory of the development of innovative activities of Russian enterprises in the context of sanctions. The author draws attention to the sharp deterioration of relations between Russia, the European Union and the United States, which led to the introduction of additional sanctions aimed at restricting access to important technologies and materials for the development of the Russian economy. The article analyzes the consequences of the economic blockade and restrictions imposed on Russian enterprises and examines the prospects for the development of innovations in these conditions. The main idea of the article is that the sanctions pressure significantly complicates the innovative activities of Russian enterprises. The author analyzes various aspects of this problem, including limited access to new technologies and materials, instability of foreign trade, lack of international cooperation and difficulties in obtaining financing. The author uses various arguments to back up his conclusions. He refers to research data on the impact of sanctions on the Russian economy and innovation, gives examples of Russian companies, in particular, industrial enterprises of the Samara region, which faced restrictions in the development of their innovations. The main topic of the article is the impact of sanctions pressure on the innovative activities of Russian enterprises. Analyzing this problem, the author emphasizes the need to find new ways and strategies for the development of innovations in the face of sanctions, including the search for alternative sources of technology, strengthening domestic innovation potential and active international cooperation. The article focuses on the prospects of innovative activity of industrial enterprises in the face of unprecedented sanctions pressure. To analyze the impact of sanctions measures on the innovative activities of industrial enterprises of the Samara region, economic data for the Samara region for the period from 2010 to 2023 are presented. The imposition of sanctions by the countries of the collective West against the Russian Federation has led to a violation of the established system of economic relations and, as a result, to the formation of a new one. To accomplish such a large-scale task, it is necessary to carry out systematic reform of various institutions in order to increase the innovative activity of domestic enterprises.
Analysis of the current practice of innovation management at industrial enterprises of the Samara region
Authors: Anisimova Valeria Yu.
Published: July 2024

Industry, represented by enterprises of various types, plays an important role in the development of the national socio-economic sphere. The main way to improve production processes at industrial enterprises and increase their competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets, increase the influence of enterprises in the conditions dictated by the country's leadership of the course of innovative renewal of the Russian economy is innovation activity. However, the pace of innovative development of the country today is characterized by low intensity, which is due to the inconsistency of the processes of state support for innovative development of the country and the processes of innovation management at industrial enterprises. The article considers the basic conditions for creating a successful innovation management system at an industrial enterprise, reveals the concept of an innovation process at an enterprise and provides conditions for the formation of an effective innovation management system. The main features of production, trade, economic and investment processes at an industrial enterprise are identified, indicating the creation of a structured, actively functioning innovation management system that allows the introduction of new developments and products into the core business of the enterprise. The current practice of managing innovation activities of industrial enterprises is analyzed on the example of the Samara region (Volga Federal District), the main problems and prospects of innovative development of the region in recent years are considered. The article provides examples of successful organization of modern and effective forms of innovation management based on the results of innovation implementation, creation of an internal motivational system and methods of technological improvements of an industrial enterprise of the Samara region of the Public Joint-Stock Company «Togliattiazot». The content of the article uses statistical data on various economic parameters of the development of innovative and industrial potential of the Samara region, identifies the key conditions for the progressive development of industry in the Samara region in the context of creation of a regional innovation cluster.
Modeling of processes of nonlinear dynamics of development of multi-component production enterprises
Authors: Saraev Alexander L. , Saraev Leonid A.
Published: July 2024

The published article proposes new economic and mathematical models of the dynamics of development of enterprises formed by several different industries. Each individual component of the enterprise is provided with separate resources and carries out its own production. The resources of each component of the enterprise expended in the production process are restored through the introduction of domestic investments. The developed models of multi-component enterprises are presented in the form of systems of coupled differential equations regarding production factors. Stationary solutions of these systems of equations correspond to the equilibrium states of operation of enterprises and represent. To calculate the limiting values of production factors, which are stationary solutions of systems of differential equations, corresponding systems of finite equations are obtained that describe the equilibrium state of enterprise operation. It is shown that the most efficient operation of the heterogeneous enterprises under consideration will be achieved only when the limiting values of production factors coincide with the values of the resources used, which correspond to the maximum profit values of each production component. This coincidence is achieved by a certain set of coefficients for the accumulation rates of domestic investment, for the calculation of which special formulas are obtained in the article. For a two-component manufacturing enterprise, models for calculating output, costs and profits were built for each component and for the entire enterprise. Numerical solutions of the corresponding system of differential equations are presented, on the basis of which integral curves for production factors, outputs and profits are constructed for each component of the enterprise and for the entire enterprise as a whole.
Features of innovative infrastructure of knowledge-intensive engineering enterprises of the Moscow region
Authors: Veselovsky Mikhail Ya. , Vershinin Alexandr A. , Khoroshavina Natalia S.
Published: July 2024

In modern conditions, the development of high-tech production is a natural necessity. The formation of an innovative infrastructure is an important element of management in the activities of large companies, in particular in the field of mechanical engineering. In conditions of economic instability and limited supplies of Western high-tech products, there is an objective need to develop domestic technological solutions in the field of mechanical engineering. The study provides a justification for the development of the innovation infrastructure of three companies operating in the same segment of high-tech production. Descriptions of conditions for the implementation of the strategy for the development of innovative infrastructure in the field of mechanical engineering are proposed. Systematization of criteria for evaluating innovation infrastructure allows us to form evaluation conditions of efficiency for the implementation of innovations. The article considers the specifics of innovation activity of knowledge-intensive companies developing products in the field of machine-building production (JSC «NPP «Istok» named after Shokin» Fryazino, JSC «Magratep» Fryazino, JSC «GosMKB «Raduga» Dubna). It is noted that innovation planning should take into account the conditions of the external and internal environment and contribute to achieving the competitiveness of enterprises for the long term. Basic approaches to the creation of innovative infrastructure affect and combine such important points as justification, definition of the goals and objectives of the enterprise through the creation of innovative infrastructure. Theformation of an innovative infrastructure involves a comprehensive justification of the project environment in which it is implemented, where the characteristics of the effectiveness of management methods leading to theachievement of the goal are given.
Features of sustainable development and digital transformation in the modern world
Authors: Guseva Daria A. , Zalinyan Levon A.
Published: July 2024

In the modern world, the issue of sustainable development is especially acute. As part of the sustainable development policy, in 2015, the United Nations General Assembly formulated and adopted seventeen main goals for sustainable development. The implementation period according to the final document of the General Assembly is the period from 2015 to 2030. Their main task is to lay the foundation for sustainable development for all at the global level. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are closely linked to economics and face several challenges, such as a lack of global awareness. Problems also include the limited time required to solve them. You can also highlight the problem of complexity and scale. Difficulties in implementing sustainable development goals are also associated with various types of technological transformations. These include transformations such as: quantum, digital and energy. All of them are interconnected and important, but among them we can highlight digital transformations as the most relevant due to the increasing rates of digitalization in all countries. The aim of this particular survey is to conduct an analysis of the problems faced by sustainable development goals in the current conditions, put forward possible ways to solve them, study technological transformations within the framework of sustainable development and reveal in more detail the meaning of digital transformations, taking into account the increasing relevance of digitalization in the modern world. As well as an analysis of the experience of other countries implementing sustainable development goals most successfully. According to the reason that the sustainable development goals are global in nature, they require an integrated, multilateral approach to their implementation. As well as accurate analysis of indicators over time to track their results. To develop the most effective strategy and program to address the challenges faced in implementing the sustainable development goals, it is necessary to take into account the interrelationships between the areas covered by sustainable development.
Development of intellectual property in the innovative economy of Russia
Authors: Podbornova Ekaterina S.
Published: July 2024

The difficult development conditions in which Russia finds itself require a reformatting of all processes taking place in the country. The most important task in these conditions was to accelerate the innovation process in order to import substitution of high-tech products. At the same time, the process of import substitution requires the formation of new approaches to intellectual property in the context of the country's innovative development.
Intellectual property is considered in terms of economic, legal, organizational and social aspects. The article presents the author's assessment of trends in the development of intellectual property in the context of the domestic innovation economy. An analysis of the dynamics of intellectual property, examined for the period 2018–2022, showed a decrease in inventive activity in general and its share in relation to gross domestic product.
Localization of innovative technologies of industrial production as a tool for intensification of import substitution policy
Authors: Tyukavkin Nikolay M. , Manukyan Marine M.
Published: July 2024

The main criterion for the successful implementation of import substitution policy is the location of domestic production on the domestic territory of the state, in order to reduce the negative economic consequences of the industrial policies of unfriendly countries, with the orientation of domestic industrial enterprises towards their own intensification of production, including the production of analogous products to imported ones, for subsequent replacement of imported technologies with domestic ones and supply of domestic products to the domestic market – production and sale of own products. Localization of production is the placement of manufacturing or component industrial production facilities on its own, separate, local territory, in order to reduce the cost of products and bring them closer to assembly sites or sales markets. The term «localization of production», in the scientific literature, is represented by a special case of territorial organization (localized enterprises in separate territories) of production processes for the creation of material wealth, which has a number of features: in the organization of production, a company with a higher level of technological development forms the “conditions of the game”, organizing the distribution of production of certain products among all participants; localization is often carried out on the territory of another state, which has a lower level of development of technology and technology and a higher demand for final products in the markets of this state; An additional benefit of localization is the optimization of process logistics, bringing it closer to consumers. The goal of localization is to reduce production, transaction and logistics costs and increase the level of investment. The article presents the author's position on the development of intensification of the processes of industrial import substitution, in modern conditions, the main idea of which is the creation of localized production, a full technological cycle in the activities of Russian industrial enterprises, representing: at the initial stage, a full line of production of components and import substitution of missing parts, to meet demand in the domestic market, and in the future, the development of processes of substitution of imported technologies, the formation and use of advanced development technologies, increasing export potential and strengthening their presence of Russian industry in world markets. The work explores the essence of localization of production, which is determined by the production of parts and components manufactured in Russia, at national production facilities, using its own technologies, in order to increase the intensity of import substitution processes.
A Critical Evaluation of the Coefficient Method, Capacity Spectrum Method and Modal Pushover Analysis for Irregular Steel Buildings in Seismic Zones
Authors: Mokarram Vahid , Banan Mahmoud Reza , Banan Mohammad Reza , Kheyri Abdollah
Published: July 2024

Classical design procedures are less advantageous than performance-based seismic design (PBSD) of buildings, which is included in existing standards such as ASCE 41-23 for new buildings or retrofitting. PBSD requires accurate assessment of building seismic responses. Such assessments can be done using either faster nonlinear static procedures (NSPs) or more time-intensive nonlinear time-history analyses (NTHAs). However, the reliability of NSPs can be questionable, as shown by previous research. Practitioners need to conduct further investigations to determine safety margins and the applicability scope of these methods. This is especially important for irregular buildings and near-fault zones. This problem is investigated in this paper by first using 1250 single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems to evaluate the ASCE 41-23’s coefficient method and performing 25000 NTHAs for near- and far-fault records. Second, the responses obtained from two alternative approaches, the modal pushover analysis (MPA) and FEMA 440’s capacity spectrum method (CSM), are compared with NTHA responses for buildings with significant higher-mode effects. American standards are used to design 96 3D symmetric and asymmetric steel moment-resisting frame (MRF) buildings with different characteristics such as lateral, lateral-torsional, and torsional modes of vibration dominance as well as different stability conditions, which are considered in this paper. The MPA and CSM are compared with NTHAs in this paper. The results show that the ASCE 41-23’s coefficient method is unreliable for near-fault zones and that the MPA and CSM are unreliable for seismic evaluation of buildings with dominant lateral-torsional modes of vibration or significant P-Δ effects. The results also revealed that MPA is a conservative approach for seismic evaluation of torsionally dominant buildings while CSM is not.
Research Progress on Chemical Ecological Management of Three Tomicus Species (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Yunnan Province of China1
Authors: Wang Junhui , Gao Weizhong , Cai Hongzhen , Teng Jun
Published: July 2024

Bark beetles in the genus Tomicus (Latreille) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) are the most destructive pests of pine trees (Pinaceae) in the Yunnan region of China, causing significant damage to shoots and trunks, leading to extensive pine tree mortality. This has had a negative impact on the sustainabilityequally and healthy development of local forestry. Currently, the primary methods of managing Tomicus are through the removal of damaged wood and chemical control, which not only requires significant manpower, materials, and financial resources, but also poses a threat to the ecological stability of the environment and has led to the development of resistance to pesticides by the pests. This article introduces an overview of research in the field of chemical ecological management of Tomicus minor (Hartig), T. yunnanensis Kirkendall & Faccoli, and T. brevipilosus (Eggers) in Yunnan Province. This includes summaries of research on informational chemicals, artificial attractants, and volatiles from both host and nonhost plants. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of chemical ecological management methods for these beetles, thus assisting researchers and research institutions in their efforts to provide for sustainability of our environmental resources.
Some trends in improvement of cathode materials for lithium-ionic batteries
Authors: Tarnopol'skii V. A. ,   Russian Accumulators Group of Companies
Published: July 2024

Major trends in cathode active material development for lithium-ion batteries have been reviewed. Statistics on all publications in «Journal of Power Sources» (from 03.2006 till 04.2007) is summarized in order to point out that the main effort in secondary batteries development is concentrated on lithium-ion batteries, especially on positive electrode study. Based on these publications the main routes for LiCoO2 modification as well as for novel materials research have been reviewed.
Behavior of a 150 A·h lithium-ionic battery in extreme situations
Authors: Kozhevnikov A. N. ,   JSC Accumulator Company Rigel, Grechinskaya A. V. , Zhdanov V. V. , Krasnobryzhii A. V. ,   JSC Accumulator Company Rigel,   JSC Accumulator Company Rigel,   JSC Accumulator Company Rigel
Published: July 2024

The brief review of the processes arising in Li-ion cells in the cases of abuse is presented. The results of tests on overcharge, overdischarge, short circuit inside the cell and external short circuit for Li-ion cell having capacity of 150 A·h are shown and discussed. The recommendations to minimize the aftergrowths are suggested.
International Law Problems of Salvage
Authors: Butakova Nadezhda A. ,   Head of the Department of State and International Law of the State Marine Technical University, LL.D., Associate Professor, Ivanova Tatyana N. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure M.M. Speransky Law Faculty of the Institute of Law and National Security
Published: July 2024

The article considers the current international legal problems of salvage at the sea, which appeared and appease in litigation and commercial practice. Marine salvage is the most important industry that protects life, property and the environment at sea. To claim your rights to salvage a ship, you should familiarize yourself with the legal subtleties and procedures. The authors examine the problematic issues of salvage in the practice of merchant shipping. Also, examine the contractual subtleties of salvage, as well as the main signs that allow recognizing persons carrying out any salvage operations at sea as rescuers worthy of compensation for salvage.
Does the presence of persistant metopic suture affect the use of frontal sinus and frontal morphometric measurements in gender identification?
Authors: Say Ayşe , Okur Nazan
Published: July 2024

Objectives: One structure capable of use for gender estimation in forensic science is the frontal bone. This study used computed tomography (CT) and investigated whether frontal sinus and frontal morphometric measurements could also be used to identify gender in people with persistent metopic suture (PMS).
Methods: Nine hundred ninety-one patients who underwent brain-paranasal sinus CT for any reason were divided into two groups, PMS and non-PMS. The presence and volume of both halves of the frontal sinus, frontal morphometric measurements including minimum-maximum frontal width, and frontal bone surface length on the outer table surface between the coronal sutures in the axial section were measured.
Results: In the non-PMS group, all quantitative parameters (frontal sinus volume, minimum-maximum frontal width, and frontal bone surface length) differed significantly between the genders (P<0.05). However, in the PMS group, only frontal sinus volume and frontal bone surface length differed significantly (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Frontal sinus volume, minimum-maximum frontal width and frontal bone surface length measurements exhibited significant sexual dimorphism in the non-PMS group. Since minimum and maximum frontal width do not exhibit significant gender differences in cases with PMS, the presence of PMS should be considered when using these parameters in gender identification.
Implementation Obstacles and Political Appeal of Environmental Taxes in Sub-Saharan Africa: Reflections from Selected Countries
Authors: Quak Evert-jan
Published: July 2024

Low-income countries (LICs) are looking at the potential of environmental taxes – such as charges on air pollutants, levies on household waste, and taxes on energy use – to increase revenue and tackle environmental issues. LICs are slow to adopt environmental taxes, and international financial institutions, multilateral development banks, and international donors are helping LIC governments assess them. Little is known about the institutional, administrative, and political obstacles leading to slow adoption of environmental taxes, and how these taxes can be made more appealing, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper reports evidence from 16 in-depth interviews with ministries of finance, revenue authorities, and other government stakeholders in six African countries. One key obstacle is the competing mandates and revenue-raising capacity of different ministries and agencies. There is concern that granting institutions new capacity to raise revenue might lead to meeting revenue targets being prioritised over conserving environmental resources. As a result, the public, politicians, and businesses may resist these policies being introduced. Summary of ICTD Working Paper 177 written by Giovanni Occhiali.
Pengaruh Perilaku Asertif Staf Perpustakaan Terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan di Dinas Perpustakaan dan Arsip Kabupaten Karo
Authors: Darmayanti Lisa , Batubara Abdul Karim , Purwaningtyas Franindya
Published: July 2024

The assertive behavior of library staff toward service quality in the archives and library of the Karo Regency is discussed in this thesis. The purpose of this study is to determine how the assertive behavior of library employees affects the level of customer service provided by the Karo Regency library and archives. This study employs a comparative causal approach with quantitative methodologies. through the use of methods for gathering data, such as surveys and recordkeeping. The Karo Regency library and archives service workers served as the research's informants. The study's findings indicate that library employees' assertive behavior improves the quality of their services. The acceptance of Ha is based on the demonstrable assertive behavior (X) towards service quality (Y) with a significant value of 0.000 > 0.05.
Resiliensi Permukiman Komunal di Kampung Code Yogyakarta
Authors: Ayasha Nathasya Lintang , Handayani Kusumaningdyah Nurul , Nirawati Maya Andria
Published: July 2024

This research aims to discuss the resilience aspect of communal housing and community in kampung kota, Kampung Code Yogyakarta. Community resilience has been part of the solution to mitigate disasters either natural or man-made. Kampung kota is a settlement typology vulnerable to its high density and natural disaster problems. To overcome the risk of high-density and natural disasters mentioned, kampung inhabitant has their way of adapting and resilience. This research tries to discover the way inhabitants cope and adapt to the growing population and buildings between the threats of floods while living on the riverbank of Kali Code. The result shows that the community resilience of Kampung Code inhabitants is reflected in the design of housing, human circulation system, and drainage management in settlement. The findings of this research can be used for future design consideration in the event of revitalization for settlement’s sustainability.
Long-term prognosis of life in patients with cerebrovascular accident: the role of diabetes mellitus (according to the REGION-M registry outpatient follow-up phase)
Authors: Voronina V. P. , Zagrebelny A. V. , Lukina Yu. V. , Tolpygina S. N. , Kutishenko N. P. , Chernysheva M. I. , Lukyanov M. M. , Dmitrieva N. A. , Lerman O. V. , Martsevich S. Yu. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To study the long-term prognosis of patients’ life who have suffered cerebrovascular accident (CVA), and to determine the role of diabetes mellitus (DM) as a possible negative prognostic factor, according to the outpatient follow-up stage in the REGION-M registry.

Material and methods. The outpatient part of the REGION-M registry included 684 patients assigned to the Moscow City Polyclinic No. 64, discharged from the hospital in the period from 01.01.2012 to 30.04.2017 with a confirmed diagnosis of CVA, of which 122 patients (17.8%) were diagnosed with DM. The polyclinic stage included three observation points: 2017, 2020, and 2022. Data on the life status of all patients were obtained by telephone survey, if it was impossible to establish contact with the patient or his relatives, a unified medical information and analytical system was used to determine the life status of patients. The study patients were observed on an outpatient basis for more than 5 years (ME 1958 (751; 2555) days), the primary endpoint was death from any cause.

Results. Information about the life status was obtained for all 684 patients. By the end of the observation, 415 cohort members had died, and 269 were alive. The average age of patients with DM was significantly higher than that of patients without DM: 71.5±10.9 years vs 68.0±14.7 years (p<0.05). The proportion of women in the cohort of DM patients was significantly higher than in the cohort of patients without DM: 72.1% vs 55.2% (p<0.05). Patients with DM were statistically significantly more likely to have a history of comorbid diseases (coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, arterial hypertension, kidney disease and chronic lung disease, chronic heart failure). Obesity occurs with the same frequency in patients with and without DM. The studied groups of patients did not differ in types of CVA (transient ischemic attack, ischemic, hemorrhagic stroke). According to Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Analysis at the outpatient stage of follow-up, no significant negative effect of DM on patients’ mortality with CVA was confirmed (relative risk =1.239 (95% CI: 0.975; 1.574), p=0.079).

Conclusion. In the long-term follow-up of patients with CVA, there was no statistically significant adverse effect of DM on long-term survival.
Use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in myocardial infarction in the Russian Federation, according to the Russian Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction REGION-IM
Authors: Kostritca N. S. , Rabinovich R. M. , Shakhnovich R. M. , Yavelov I. S. , Gulyan R. G. , Rytova Yu. K. , Tereschenko S. N. , Erlikh A. D. , Pevzner D. V.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To analyze the frequency, indications, and outcomes of using glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Russia based on data from a multicenter registry.

Material and methods. This work is part of the REGION-MI (Russian Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction) multicenter retrospective-prospective observational study, which included patients admitted to hospitals in 45 regions of Russia with a diagnosis of AMI from 2020 to 2023. The decision to prescribe glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors was made by physicians. The observation period was 12 months, the following outcomes were recorded: cardiovascular events (relapse/repeated AMI, stent thrombosis, revascularisation), hemorrhagic complications, and in-hospital and all-cause mortality during the entire observation period. The study is conducted on the "Quinta" platform. Statistical data processing was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver.24.

Results. A total of 10,884 patients were included in the registry, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were prescribed to 114 patients (1%), all of whom underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), while among patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, the frequency of IIb/IIIa inhibitors was 0.5%, among ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients — 1.3%. Eptifibatide was used most often (67.5%), tirofiban was prescribed in 28.9% of cases, abciximab — 2.6%, framon — 0.9%. The most common indication for prescribing drugs were complications of PCI, in particular — distal embolism. There was a higher incidence of cardiogenic shock and multivessel revascularization in the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor group. In-hospital mortality and adverse events within 180 days (death, cardiovascular events) did not differ between patients who did and did not receive glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. The use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in this study was associated with an increased risk of all in-hospital bleeding (odds ratio 9.656, confidence interval 2.859-3,894, p <0.001). Other predictors of in-hospital bleeding were: prescription of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, chronic kidney disease with glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, body weight less than 60 kg.

Conclusion. We observed a very low frequency of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors usage in Russia, while these drugs are used mainly for complications of PCI in the group of patients with the highest risk — with cardiogenic shock, multivessel revascularisation, and complications of the procedure, which can have impact on the outcomes. Further research is needed to develop an optimal protocol for glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors administration in AMI.
Breast arterial calcification and carotid arteries atherosclerotic load in women
Authors: Kim I. V. , Bochkareva E. V. , Butina E. K. , Molchanova O. V. , Filichkina E. M. , Yarovaya E. B. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To develop a diagnostic complex (DC) of ultrasound markers characterizing carotid arteries (CA) atherosclerotic load, and to evaluate its association with breast arterial calcification (BAC) in women.

Material and methods. The cross-sectional case-control study included 198 women aged 40-74 years, who made up of 2 groups of 99 participates in each, with or without BAC, who underwent diagnostic digital mammography. The study protocol included physical examination, medical history, questionnaires, laboratory tests, electrocardiography, carotid ultrasound. BAC severity was assessed on a 12-point scale. Ultrasound parameters of CA atherosclerotic load were assessed: the number of atherosclerotic plaques, maximum, total and average stenosis. All patients signed informed consent to participate in the study.

Results. Atherosclerotic plaques were detected in 79.9% of women with BAC and in 60.6% of women without BAC. The best statistically significant difference in both groups was found in the "number of atherosclerotic plaques", "average stenosis" and "maximum stenosis", on the basis of which the DC in points was formed. When comparing the average DC value, it was found that the degree of atherosclerotic load is statistically significantly higher in women with calcification (p=0.001). There was a significantly higher proportion of people with BAC in the groups of women with both DC values >2 points (p<0.001) and DC >0 points (p=0.022). Univariate analysis showed that with a DC >2 points, the probability of having BAC in women increases by 4.06 times (95% CI: 1.92-9.25; p<0.001). Menopause (p=0.024), osteoporosis (p=0.013), glomerular filtration rate <90 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p=0.004), thyroid disease (p=0.041) and hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism (p=0.015) were associated with BAC. As a result of multivariate analysis, significant associations of BAC with DC >2 points (OR=2.87; p=0.012) and hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism (OR=0.31; p=0.017) were found. There was no statistically significant relationship between DC and the severity of BAC on a 12-point scale.

Conclusion. A DC was developed to assess the degree of CA atherosclerotic load. Differences in DC parameters were revealed between groups of women with and without BAC: DC>2 points increase the chance of having BAC. The demonstrated connection between BAC and asymptomatic CA atherosclerosis indicates the prospects for using this form of vascular calcification as a gender-specific marker of cardiovascular diseases in women.
Theory and practice of selective imidazoline receptor agonist use in Russia
Authors: Gaponova N. I. , Abdrakhmanov V. R.
Published: July 2024

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in arterial hypertension (AH) development. Antihypertensive drugs of central action contribute to the elimination of sympathetic activation. The selective imidazoline receptor agonist moxonidine has been successfully used in the treatment of patients with hypertension. The review article presents data on the antihypertensive efficacy of moxonidine, the possibility of its use in combination therapy to reduce elevated blood pressure (BP). The effectiveness of moxonidine in overweight patients, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and postmenopausal women is shown. In addition to lowering blood pressure in obese patients, moxonidine reduces plasma leptin levels and weakens sympathetic overactivity, which contributes to weight loss. In patients with metabolic syndrome — obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, the use of moxonidine, along with the antihypertensive effect, was accompanied by an additional positive effect on increased variability in blood pressure levels, contributing to the normalization of the daily blood pressure profile, eliminating the morning rise in blood pressure levels. The beneficial effect of moxonidine on carbohydrate metabolism and tissue sensitivity to insulin was noted. The administration of moxonidine to patients with hypertension and menopausal syndrome in peri- and postmenopause, along with effective level control, was accompanied by a significant improvement in the quality of life. In patients with hypertension and osteopenia during menopause, moxonidine led to increased bone formation processes, which helps reduce the risk of developing or progressing osteopenia and osteoporosis. The article focuses on additional indications for the use of moxonidine. In the presence of concomitant pathology — chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, dementia in elderly patients, the use of moxonidine, along with antihypertensive action, led to an improvement in the quality of life.
Severe myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in a patient with acromegaly: is the prevention of sudden cardiac death needed?
Authors: Almaskhanova A. A. , Melkozerov K. V. , Przhiyalkovskaya E. G. , Tarbaeva N. V. , Kosharnaia R. S. , Gomova I. S. , Alferova P. A. , Rozhinskaya L. Ya. , Kalashnikov V. Y. , Belaya Zh. E. , Melnichenko G. A. , Mokrysheva N. G.
Published: July 2024

The most common causes of death in acromegaly are cardiovascular diseases (about 60%). Heart arrhythmias and conduction disorders lead to sudden cardiac death (SCD). In this article, we described a clinical case about preventing SCD in a patient with acromegaly. We identified in this patient predictors of SCD: severe left ventricular hypertrophy, the signs of myocardial fibrosis, decreased systolic function of the left ventricular myocardium, ventricular rhythm disturbances, and heart failure. Patients with acromegaly have higher risk of heart arrhythmias due to development acromegalic cardiomyopathy with includes: left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic and systolic dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis and electrical disturbances of the myocardium. The main limitation is the lack of special clinical recommendations for the management of this group of patients. Current recommendations based on a standard algorithm and do not consider specificity of acromegalic cardiomyopathy.
Evaluation of the Specific Growth Rate to Predict the Biogas Production Process in a Mini-Biodigester
Authors: Bagaya Noufou , Koumbem Windé Nongué Daniel , Baldé Younoussa Moussa , Diop Sette , Ouédraogo Issaka , Korgo Bruno , Kam Sié
Published: July 2024

In this work, we are interested in the mathematical analysis of the model of a bioreactor based on the results of a model already implemented in ADM1. The study is based on the expectations of Burkinabè households with biodigesters of 4m3, 6 m3, 8 m3 or more in terms of biogas production capacity. It is an observability analysis and estimation scheme for specific growth rates for an anaerobic digestion (AD) process of cow dung. A 1- stage model of 3 dynamic states is assumed describing all anaerobic digestion with a different population of microorganisms, and the evaluation of biogas production (methane + carbon dioxide). The result of specific growth rates (µmax = 0.44d-1) of bacterial populations' concentration (24gL-1 ± 2.3%) and substrate concentration (6.5gL-1± 0.5%) are estimated from the dilution rate and biogas. Thus, biogas production ranges from 0 to 3.5 m3 per day, more than sufficient for three daily meals for a 4-person household.  Overall, the dynamics of anaerobic digestion appear to depend on the type of organic matter contained in cow substrates.
Deep Learning–Based Production Forecasting and Data Assimilation in Unconventional Reservoir
Authors: Tripathi Bineet Kumar , Kumar Indrajeet , Kumar Sumit , Singh Anugrah
Published: July 2024

Developing unconventional reservoirs such as shale oil is vital for fulfilling the need for energy consumption in the world. Oil production from shale reservoirs is still the most complicated and uncertain phenomenon because of its complex fracture networking, low matrix porosity, and permeability. Production forecasting is crucial for decision-making and tactical exploitation of subsurface resources during production. Traditional methods, such as the Arps decline model and reservoir simulation methods, face significant challenges in forecasting hydrocarbon production due to the highly nonlinear and heterogeneous nature of rocks and fluids. These methods are prone to substantial deviations in forecasting results and show limited applicability to unconventional reservoirs. Therefore, it is essential to improve the production forecasting capability with the help of a data-driven methodology. The data set for modeling is collected from two prominent shale oil-producing regions, the Eagle Ford and the Bakken. The Bakken data set is used to train and test the models, and the Eagle Ford data set is used to validate the model. The random search method was used to optimize the model parameters, and the window sliding technique was used to find a suitable window size to predict future values efficiently. The combination of different deep learning (DL) methods has designed a total of six hybrid models: gated recurrent unit (GRU), long short-term memory (LSTM), and temporal convolutional network (TCN). These models can capture the spatial and temporal patterns in the oil production data. The results concluded that the TCN-GRU model performed best statistically and computationally compared with other individual and hybrid models. The robust model can accelerate decision-making and reduce the overall forecasting cost.
Physical one-way functions for decentralized consensus via proof of physical work
Authors: Rhein Frank , Winkler Marvin , Peither Catharina , Petrick Simon , Seidemann Lothar , Jelich Holger , Jäger Frank Kleine , Müller-Quade Jörn , Colsmann Alexander , Nirschl Hermann
Published: July 2024

Decentralized consensus on the state of the Bitcoin blockchain is ensured by proofs of work. It relies on digital one-way functions and is associated with an enormous environmental impact. This paper conceptualizes a physical one-way function that aims to transform a digital, electricity-consuming consensus mechanism into a physical process. Boundary conditions for the security requirements are established and discussed as well as experimentally investigated for a specific setup based on printing and optical analysis of pigment-carrier composites. In the context of the applied methods, this setup promises to be mathematically unclonable, steady, reproducible, collision resistant and non-invertible and illustrates the feasibility of a physical one-way function. Based on this, a framework for a proof of physical work is conceptualized, which has the potential of a drastically lower CO2 footprint. This work initiates a progressive, interdisciplinary field of research and demands further investigations with regards to alternative setups, security definitions and strategies of challenging them.
Drug use, costs, and outcomes of high-risk febrile neutropenia in a tertiary care centre in South India – A prospective cost analysis study
Authors: N Sairam B V S , R Mirunalini , Kayal Smita
Published: July 2024

Background
Febrile Neutropenia (FN), a commonly encountered life-threatening complication of cancer chemotherapy, is a dose-limiting toxicity in the therapy of many cancers. The onset of FN demands dose reduction and usually temporary halting of chemotherapy, which could then affect the outcome of cancer treatment. The treatment of febrile neutropenia incurs significant expenses,and is itself regarded as an expensive side-effect of cancer chemotherapy. In our study, we wanted to quantify the drugs used in the treatment of febrile neutropenic episodes and the costs incurred as a result, as well as the outcomes of these episodes.
Methods
The study was a prospective observational study. Patients of either sex, of any age, diagnosed with cancer and classified as high-risk febrile neutropenia and hospitalised during the period of study were included in the study. A total of 46 patients with 50 episodes of FN were enrolled in the study. Data was collected from the department database and daily clinical notes and was entered into a pre-designed proforma. The drugs prescribed were classified as antibiotics and supportive medications. The drug cost of each episode was then calculated. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics.
Results
The mean age of participants was 26.66 (SD 13.28) years, with a median length of hospital stay of 10 (7–15) days. This study provides an estimate into the drug-related costs of management of febrile neutropenia. A total of Rs. 8,21,731 was spent on drugs for the management of fifty episodes, and the average cost of an episode was Rs. 16,434. Of the total cost, Rs. 7,00,300 (85.22%) was spent on antimicrobials.
Conclusion
Considering the complexities medical decision making and quality of care, the role of cost needs to take a major role in therapeutic options. There is a need to develop value-based policies, which strive to achieve the best clinical outcomes while also accounting for cost-effectiveness, polypharmacy and development of antimicrobial resistance.
Delineating Leachate Plume Migration at the Alaro Municipal Dumpsite using Electrical Resistivity Imaging
Authors: ARIYO STEPHEN , Adegoke Sama , Bayewu Olateju , Ishola Sakiruden , Alaka Afolabi
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to map and assess the environmental degradation caused by unmanaged municipal solid waste disposal at the Alaro municipal dumpsite in Southwestern Nigeria, with a focus on leachate contamination. Electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) was applied to define the subsurface geology of the area using five resistivity profiles acquired with a dipole-dipole electrode configuration. Each electrode transect spanned 100 meters with dipole spacings ranging from 2 m to 12 m. Analysis of the uncontaminated segment of the subsurface geology revealed a three-layered geo-electric (lithologic) succession, with resistivity ranges characteristic of loose alluvium, hybrid stratum, and faulted sandstone. Significant decreases in resistivity values, from 3 Ωm to 182 Ωm, were observed around and within the dumpsite, indicating extensive surface contamination by leachate. Three contamination zones were further characterized as leachate-saturated, leachate-concentrated, and leachate-infiltrated sands. In the study area, leachate infiltration extended to a depth of 20 meters, with a marked resistivity contrast between clean and contaminated segments. The likelihood of a normal fault along the control profile further justify leachate migration concerns, highlighting the severity of environmental pollution within the Quaternary sand formation. The contaminated segment poses a significant environmental hazard, that requires immediate mitigation action. Waste recycling, biomass energy generation, and the application of geotextile materials should be prioritized to remediate the dumpsite.