bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health-care Accessibility Assessment in Kazakhstan
Authors: Shaltynov Askhat , Raushanova Aizhan , Jamedinova Ulzhan , Sepbossynova Aigerim , Myssayev Altay , Myssayev Ayan
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Global health initiatives such as health for all and universal health coverage aim to improve access to health care. These goals require constant comprehensive monitoring to eliminate inequalities in the availability of health care.
AIM: The purpose of our study was to assess the physical availability of medical care in Kazakhstan.
METHODS: A descriptive study based on a Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) general availability index calculation that used secondary data as a source of information.
RESULTS: The general availability index calculated for the regions of Kazakhstan ranged from 95% to 100%. When considering individual indicators of the index, decrease trends of the volume of inpatient care were identified. Outpatient care had fluctuations with values better than benchmark after 2009. Stable upward trend illustrates positive picture of core health personnel.
CONCLUSION: According to the SARA availability index, it can be concluded that health care in Kazakhstan exceeds the threshold values and is available in all regions. Trends for individual indicators of the index should be studied in more detail, taking into account the influence of health policy and other factors.
Maintaining the integrity of the scientific record: corrections and best practices at The Lancet group
Authors: Cooper Ashley N , Dwyer Jessica E
Published: February 2021

A transparent corrections process is essential to assist in the maintenance of public confidence in scientific and medical research. In the era of preprints, fast-paced peer review, and early-access publication, errors and oversights from both authors and editors might be more common. The swift and open correction of the public record requires the participation of authors, journal editors, and publishers, and in this Viewpoint we share The Lancet group’s best practices around errors and corrections.
The illegal exploitation of the Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas) and Sunda Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi) in Indonesia
Authors: Gomez Lalita , Shepherd Chris R.
Published: February 2021

Indonesia is home to the Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas) and the Sunda Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi), both of which are threatened by habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict issues and the illegal wildlife trade. Leopards and clouded leopards are threatened by the illegal wildlife trade across their range, however, very little is known of the illegal trade in these two species in Indonesia, or of the efforts made to tackle this crime. Both the Javan Leopard and Sunda Clouded Leopard are protected species in Indonesia and both species are listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), meaning commercial international trade is generally prohibited. To better understand the trade, and efforts to end this trade, we collected records of seizures and prosecutions relating to Javan Leopards and Sunda Clouded Leopards in Indonesia for the period 2011–2019. Despite both species being protected by law, this study reveals the prevalence of extensive poaching, illegal domestic trade and international trafficking of both species. A total of 41 seizure records were obtained from 2011 to 2019, which was estimated to amount to approximately 83 animals, which likely represents only a fraction of the total number of cases and therefore the risk may be substantially greater. Approximately half of the cases resulted in successful prosecution and of these, the highest sentence given was 2 years in jail and a fine of IDR50mil (~USD3300). The majority of the penalties handed down for these crimes were far below the maximum potential penalties and are unlikely to be effective deterrents.
La transparencia de la valoración documental en las administraciones autonómicas españolas
Authors: De la Horra Márquez Ascensión
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza la situación de la valoración documental en la administración de las diferentes comunidades autónomas de España, a través del estudio de los documentos generados en el proceso de la valoración que se publican en sus páginas de archivos. Su objetivo es conocer el grado de desarrollo de los sistemas de valoración en las respectivas comunidades autónomas y si esos sistemas son transparentes y publican de forma activa sus resultados. En primer lugar, se presenta el marco conceptual de la valoración documental y se identifican los documentos que se generan en el proceso. Después, se analiza si esos documentos de la valoración están publicados en las páginas de archivos para presentar el grado de desarrollo de la valoración documental en las Comunidades Autónomas y su transparencia. Finalmente, se proponen unas recomendaciones generales para conseguir mejorar la información existente en la web sobre la valoración documental.
Call for Papers ICELW'10
Authors: Guralnick David
Published: February 2021

3rd International Conference on E-Learning in the Workplace
User Interface Cultures of Mobile Knowledge Workers
Authors: Mannonen Petri
Published: February 2021

Information and communication tools (ICTs) have become a major influencer of how modern work is carried out. Methods of user-centered design do not however take into account the full complexity of technology and the user interface context the users live in. User interface culture analysis aims providing to designers new ways and strategies to better take into account the current user interface environment when designing new products. This paper describes the reasons behind user interface culture analysis and shows examples of its usage when studying mobile and distributed knowledge workers.
Effects of Aging and Display Contrast on the Legibility of Characters on Mobile Phone Screens
Authors: Hasegawa Satoshi , Miyao Masaru , Matsunuma Shohei , Fujikake Kazuhiro , Omori Masako
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, mobile phones are very popular in the world. The use of text email with short message service (SMS) is spreading. In this study, we evaluated the legibility of characters on the liquid crystal displays of mobile phones. When characters are small, younger people assure readability by shortening the viewing distance. However, elderly people find it far more difficult to see small characters. Moreover, legibility deteriorates as the contrast of display becomes lower.
Applying User Interface Design Process Model for a Mobile Community Project for the Deaf
Authors: Wong Chui-Yin , Khong Chee Weng , Thwaites Harold
Published: February 2021

The advancement of mobile communication technologies has created a new form of social network for communities to communicate and share similar interests via the mobile platform. Given the fact that Malaysia is a fast-paced developing nation with a relatively low computer-Internet penetration, and high mobile network growth, there are desirable needs for disabled communities to leverage a mobile social network to enhance relationships for better communication in their daily lives. We designed DHearT, a mobile social network for hearing impaired users in Malaysia to bridge the communication gap between the deaf and hearing groups. This paper illustrates and discusses the user interface design process model with its design methods and human factors techniques for a mobile community project for the deaf, namely DHearT.
Antigen Nonspecific Induction of Distinct Regulatory T Cell States in Oncogene-Driven Hyperproliferative Skin
Authors: Zhou Chenhao , Tuong Zewen Kelvin , Lukowski Samuel Wieslaw , Chandra Janin , Frazer Ian H
Published: February 2021

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are recruited to nonlymphoid tissues in chronic disease, including cancer, and the tissue environment is held to shape the Treg phenotype diversity. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we examined the transcriptomic and TCR profile of Tregs recruited to hyperproliferative HPV16 E7–expressing transgenic and control nontransgenic murine skin grafts. Tregs were more abundant in E7 transgenic skin grafts than control grafts, without evidence of E7 specificity. E7 transgenic grafts attracted both Klrg1+ Tregs and Il1r2+ Tregs, which were phenotypically distinct but shared a core gene signature with previously described tumor-infiltrating Tregs. Pseudotime trajectory analysis of Tregs of defined TCR clonotypes predicted phenotypic plasticity within the skin and between the skin and draining lymph nodes. Thus, oncogene-induced hyperproliferative skin expressing a single defined non–self-antigen can attract and induce non–Ag-specific Tregs that acquire distinct regulatory phenotypes characterized by specific effector gene signatures.
Hip Range of Motion and Strength and Energy Flow During Windmill Softball Pitching
Authors: Oliver Gretchen D. , Wasserberger Kyle , de Swart Anne , Friesen Kenzie , Downs Jessica , Bordelon Nicole
Published: February 2021

Context

Inadequate hip range of motion (ROM) and isometric strength (ISO) may interfere with energy flow through the kinetic chain and result in increased injury susceptibility.

Objective

To examine the relationship of hip ROM and ISO with energy flow through the trunk and pitching-arm segments during the windmill softball pitch in youth athletes. A subsequent purpose was to examine the relationship between energy flow and pitch speed.

Design

Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A sample of 29 youth softball pitchers (age = 11.2 ± 1.3 years, height = 155.0 ± 10.4 cm, mass = 53.2 ± 12.6 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Bilateral hip internal-rotation and external-rotation (ER) ROM and ISO were measured. Net energy outflow and peak rates of energy outflow from the distal ends of the trunk, humerus, and forearm were calculated for the acceleration phase of the windmill softball pitch, and pitch speed was measured.

Results

Regression analysis revealed an effect of drive-hip ER ISO on the net energy flow out of the distal ends of the trunk (P = .045) and humerus (P = .002). Specifically, increased drive-hip ER ISO was associated with increased net energy outflow from the trunk to the humerus and from the humerus to the forearm. No significant effects of hip ROM or other hip ISO measures were observed. Additionally, pitchers who achieved higher peak rates of distal outflow tended to achieve higher pitch speeds.

Conclusions

An association was present between drive-hip ER ISO and the net energy flow out of the distal ends of the trunk and humerus during the acceleration phase of the windmill softball pitch, emphasizing the importance of hip and lower body strength in executing the whole-body windmill pitch. Overall, energy-flow analysis is an interesting new way to analyze pitching mechanics and will aid in furthering our understanding of performance and injury risk in windmill softball pitching.
Effect of single dose preoperative intravenous ibuprofen on postoperative pain and opioid consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Su Yeon , Lee Sangseok , Lee Yeji , Kim Hyunho , Kim Kye-Min
Published: February 2021

Background: Ibuprofen, a well-known analgesic, is commonly used as a component of a multimodal analgesic approach for postoperative pain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether a single-dose preoperative intravenous ibuprofen can reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption.Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant studies published up to May 2020. Randomized controlled trials comparing preoperative single-dose intravenous ibuprofen effect with the control group on postoperative pain and opioid consumption after surgery under general anesthesia were included.Results: Six studies involving 366 participants were included. Single-dose administration of intravenous ibuprofen preoperatively significantly reduced postoperative pain score on a scale of 0-10 at 1 h (MD: -1.64, 95% CI [-2.56, -0.72], P < 0.001, I2 = 95%), at 4-6 h (MD: -1.17, 95% CI [-2.09, -0.26], P < 0.001, I2 = 94%), and 24 h (MD: -0.58, 95% CI [-0.99, -0.18], P < 0.001, I2 = 90%). Cumulative opioid consumption, presented as fentanyl equivalents, was also reduced significantly in the ibuprofen group compared to placebo group until postoperative 4-6 h (MD: -56.35 μg, 95% CI [-101.10, -11.60], P < 0.001, I2 = 91%) and 24 h (MD: -131.39 μg, 95% CI [-224.56, -38.21], P < 0.001, I2 = 95%).Conclusions: Preoperative single-dose intravenous ibuprofen can reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption until 24 h postoperatively. Considering the high heterogeneity and small number of studies included, care should be taken when generalizing these findings.
Stress distribution of esthetic posts in the restored maxillary central incisor
Authors: Jafari Sina , Alihemmati Mohammad , Ghomi Ali Jamali , Shayegh Sayed Shojaedin , Kargar Kamran
Published: February 2021

Background:

Glass fiber posts, along with their esthetic properties, may have a better stress distribution than cast posts, Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of glass fiber, casting, titanium, and zirconia posts on stress distribution in maxillary central tooth treated with different amounts of ferrule using finite-element analysis.

Materials and Methods:

In this experimental study, three-dimensional models of maxillary central incisors that have undergone root canal treatment were designed. Then, the models were divided into four groups according to the type of post (Ni-Cr casting, glass fiber, titanium, and zirconia) used. Zirconia monolithic crowns were used in all the four groups. Ferrule heights were repeated at 0 and 2 mm in all models. Models were entered into COMSOL Metaphysics software. Then, the force of 100 N with the angle of 135° on the palatal surface was applied to the longitudinal axis of the tooth, and the stress distribution in the models was investigated.

Results:

Maximum stress was observed in the middle third of posts. Stress distribution in glass fiber post was better than zirconia and casting posts. Stress accumulation in models with zirconia, titanium, and casting posts was also found in the site between the middle third and coronal third, whereas in models with glass fiber post, stress accumulation was found between the crown and the cemento-enamel junction. In models without ferrule, stress accumulation was observed in one-third of the coronal, especially in glass fiber posts.

Conclusion:

The post material and ferrule height affected stress concentration. The stress in the cervical area of the dentin was more for glass fiber post when compared to other posts. The use of glass fiber post in teeth with no ferrule results in lower stress along the post, but greater stress in the simulated tooth region.
A rare case of a high-grade astroblastoma with 5-year follow-up
Authors: D′Cruze Lawrence , Sundaram Sandhya , Iyer Shruti , Ganesh Krishnamurthy
Published: February 2021

Astroblastoma is a very rare glial tumor derived from astroblasts. It has been controversial in terms of its features and diagnosis. The objective of this report is to present the findings of the high-grade astroblastoma with a good prognosis in a 21-year-old female who presented to us with diplopia and headache. While imaging led to the foremost differentials of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and Ganglioglioma which are low-grade neoplasms, the final diagnosis was established on microscopy and immunohistochemistry after excision. Treatment protocol included surgery with postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Due to controversial and limited literature, this tumor poses difficulties in diagnosis and management. This is a rare, successfully managed case of astroblastoma with a positive outcome 5 years after the diagnosis was established. In this case report, we review the steps of diagnosis, the differentials, the pathological and histological features, and the management of this rare entity.
Impact of extracranial–Intracranial bypass on cognitive function in a patient with chronic cerebral ischemia
Authors: Aono Toshiya , Ono Hideaki , Inoue Tomohiro , Tanishima Takeo , Tamura Akira , Saito Isamu
Published: February 2021

Extracranial–intracranial (EC-IC) arterial bypass surgery was developed to prevent subsequent stroke by improving hemodynamics distal to the occluded intracranial artery, but its utilization has been decreasing due to the development in medical treatment. However, EC-IC bypass surgery may be effective for arresting or reversing cognitive decline in patients with cerebral ischemia. A 69-year-old man with the left internal carotid artery occlusion that manifested as scattered cerebral infarction of the left hemisphere presented with dysarthria and transient right hemiparesis. Hemodynamic condition was impaired in the left side, and therefore, EC-IC bypass surgery was performed to prevent recurrence of cerebral infarction. Neuropsychological examination at 6 months after the surgery showed marked improvement as compared to the preoperative examination and there was no recurrence of stroke in the patient. EC-IC bypass may contribute to the improvement of cognitive function as well as the prevention of recurrence of cerebral infarction in patients with hemodynamic insufficiency, but there might be a threshold of hemodynamic impairment with respect to the reversibility of cognitive performance. Investigation of the target and timing can identify cases in which the cognitive function is improved by surgery.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the fourth ventricle outlet obstruction associated with chiari malformation Type I and syringomyelia: Case report
Authors: Salem-Memou Sidi , Amal Tolba , Salihy Sidi-Mohamed , Soumare Outouma , Najat Boukhrissi
Published: February 2021

Hydrocephalus by the fourth ventricle outlet obstruction (FVOO) associated with a Chiari malformation type I and syringomyelia is a well-known entity but a rare situation in clinical practice. Although suboccipital craniectomy with the opening of the obstruction membrane appears to be the most physiological approach, by restoring the original pathway of cerebrospinal fluid flow, the endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) represents an important minimally invasive alternative. We report the case of an adult patient with tetra ventricular hydrocephalus by FVOO associated with Chiari malformation and syringomyelia. The ETV alone completely resolved all symptoms, as well as neuroimaging abnormalities on the control magnetic resonance imaging. The ETV is a minimally invasive option for the treatment of hydrocephalus in patients with obstruction at the exit of the fourth ventricle, even in cases associated with Chiari malformation and syringomyelia.
Psoriasis and Periodontitis
Authors: Gupta Shipra , Dogra Sunil , Chahal Gurparkash Singh , Prashar Savita , Singh Angadveer Pal , Gupta Mili
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

Psoriasis is a common, chronic, non-communicable skin disease with no clear etiology or cure. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition which is now known to significantly influence various systemic diseases as an established risk factor. This study aimed at comparatively evaluating the periodontal status of Psoriatic patients vis. a vis. that of age and gender matched systemically healthy volunteers. An attempt was also made to explore a possible association, if any, amongst the two diseases.

Materials and Methods:

Forty two residents of Chandigarh, suffering from Psoriasis and attending the Psoriasis Clinic of Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh were recruited over a period of 10 months (Case group) and their periodontal status was compared with forty two age and gender matched systemically healthy volunteers (Control group) randomly selected from the Out Patient Department of Periodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University, India. Their serum IL-33 levels were evaluated and compared in an attempt to identify an underlying common pathological pathway.

Results:

The periodontal status was comparable in the two groups in terms of the debris index (p = 0.932), calculus index (p = 0.088), plaque index (p = 0.097), and mean clinical attachment loss (p = 0.401). A higher bleeding points index was recorded amongst healthy individuals as compared to the Psoriasis group, the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.001). The mean number of teeth were more in the Psoriasis group as compared to the healthy group (p=0.034). IL 33 levels were also not significantly different (p = 0.491).

Conclusion:

Contrary to currently available evidence in literature, the study did not find a statistically significant association between Psoriasis and Inflammatory Periodontal Disease.
Correlates of Variation in Guinea Worm Burden among Infected Domestic Dogs
Authors: Guagliardo Sarah Anne J. , Wiegand Ryan , Roy Sharon L. , Cleveland Christopher A. , Zirimwabagabo Hubert , Chop Elisabeth , Tchindebet Ouakou Philippe , Ruiz-Tiben Ernesto , R. Hopkins Donald , J. Weiss Adam
Published: February 2021

The Guinea Worm Eradication Program has been extraordinarily successful—in 2019, there were 53 human cases reported, down from the estimated 3.5 million in 1986. Yet the occurrence of Guinea worm in dogs is a challenge to eradication efforts, and underlying questions about transmission dynamics remain. We used routine surveillance data to run negative binomial regressions predicting worm burden among infected dogs in Chad. Of 3,371 infected dogs reported during 2015–2018, 38.5% had multiple worms. A multivariable model showed that the number of dogs in the household was negatively associated with worm burden (adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR] = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.97, P < 0.0001) after adjusting for dog age (AIRR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.96–1.01, P > 0.1). This could relate to the amount of infective inocula (e.g., contaminated food or water) shared by multiple dogs in a household. Other significant univariable associations with worm burden included dog history of Guinea worm infection (IRR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.18–1.45) and dog owners who were hunters (IRR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62–0.99, P < 0.05) or farmers (IRR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77–0.90, P < 0.0001). Further analysis showed that the number of dogs in the household was significantly and positively correlated with nearly all other independent variables (e.g., owner occupation: farmer, fisherman, or hunter; dog age, sex, and history of Guinea worm). The associations we identified between worm burden and dogs per household, and dogs per household and owner characteristics should be further investigated with more targeted studies.
Distribution and Incidence of Blood-Borne Infection among Blood Donors from Regional Transfusion Centers in Burkina Faso: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Wongjarupong Nicha , Oli Sharad , Sanou Mahamoudou , Djigma Florencia , Kiba Koumare Alice , Yonli Albert T. , Hassan Mohamed A. , Mara Kristin , Harmsen William S. , Therneau Terry , Barro Oumar , Vodounhessi Ghislaine , Sawadogo Salam , Chamcheu Jean Christopher , Simpore Jacques , Roberts Lewis R. , Nagalo Bolni M.
Published: February 2021

There is a high prevalence of blood-borne infections in West Africa. This study sought to determine the seroprevalence of blood-borne infections, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), HIV, and syphilis, in blood donors in Burkina Faso. Blood donors were recruited from 2009 to 2013 in four major cities in Burkina Faso of urban area (Ouagadougou) and rural area (Bobo Dioulasso, Fada N’Gourma, and Ouahigouya). Serology tests including hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and rapid plasma reagin test were used for screening and were confirmed with ELISA. Disease prevalence was calculated among first-time donors. Incidence and residual risk were calculated from repeat donors. There were 166,681 donors; 43,084 had ≥ 2 donations. The overall seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis were 13.4%, 6.9%, 2.1%, and 2.4%, respectively. The incidence rates (IRs) of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis infection were 2,433, 3,056, 1,121, and 1,287 per 100,000 person-years. There was lower seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in urban area than in rural area (12.9% versus 14.0%, P < 0.001; and 5.9% versus 8.0%, P < 0.001), and no difference in HIV (2.1% versus 2.1%, P = 0.25). The IRs of new HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis were 2.43, 3.06, 1.12, and 1.29 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The residual risk was one per 268 donations for HBV, one per 181 donations for HCV, and one per 1,480 donations for HIV, respectively. In conclusion, this comprehensive study from four blood donation sites in Burkina Faso showed high HBV and HCV seroprevalence and incidence with high residual risk from blood donation.
Contact and repellent effects of essential oils of Chromolaena odorata (L.) and Uvaria chamae (P. Beauv) against Macrotermes bellicosus (Smeathman)
Authors: Ubulom PME , Akpan AU , Umohata IA , Iboyo EA
Published: February 2021

Macrotermes bellicosus, though a beneficial termite species causes serious damage to wood and wood products, fabrics and many agricultural crops and ornamental trees. This study was conducted to assess the potentials of essential oils of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata and roots of Uvaria chamae in the control of M. bellicosus. The repellency, knockdown and insecticidal effects of the oils to M. bellicosus were tested using the filter paper and cotton ball impregnation technique. Each test oil (0.05, 0.075 and 0.10 ml) was separately used in the repellency assay, for an exposure period of 30 and 60 minutes. For the knockdown and toxicity test, termites were exposed to 0.05, 0.075, 0.10, 0.125 and 0.15 ml of each oil for an exposure period of 60 minutes and 6 hours, respectively. Each test and control (untreated) group had three replicates and in each experiment twenty active workers of M. bellicosus were exposed. Repellency results were somewhat irregular and oil volume and exposure, time independent. Knockdown effect of 56.67 and 86.67 % were observed for C. odorata and U. chamae oils (0.15ml), respectively at the 60th minute. Contact toxicity test with 0.15 ml of the oils resulted in 100 % and 86.67 % mortalities for U. chamae and C. odorata, respectively. No knockdown or mortalities were observed in the controls. The difference between the repellency of both oils at 30 and 60 minutes was not significant (p>0.05; p= 0.842 and 0.212 respectively), whereas for knockdown and insecticidal effects of both oils the difference was significant Q3(p<0.05; p= 0.000 and 0.001 respectively).. Essential oils of C. odorata and U. chamae are potential agents for the control of M. bellicosus.
The removal performance of nitrates in the novel 3D-BERS with GAC and diversity of immobilized microbial communities treating nitrate-polluted water: Effects of pH and COD/NO3--N ratio
Authors: Hassan Mahdi , Zhu Guangcan , Yang Zhonglian , Lu Yongze , Shang Huang , Lang Yan , Gong Liying
Published: February 2021

In this work, a three-dimensional bioelectrochemical reactor system (3D-BERs) with granular activated carbon (GAC) was utilized to study the feasibility of simultaneous removal of nitrates by autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification process under different pH levels. In this present study, it was found that when the influent COD/ NO3--N ratio ranged between 1.5 and 3.5, both autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms played an important role in denitrification. The experimental results demonstrated that the highest removal efficiency of nitrates under the optimum COD/NO3--N ratio of 1.5 (98.62%) was achieved with an initial pH of 7.5 ± 0.4. Likewise, when the COD/NO3--N ratio of 3.5, the nitrates removal efficiency (81.12%) was achieved with an initial pH of 8.2 ± 0.3, respectively. Batch denitrification processes followed zero-order kinetics at various NO3--N concentrations obtained. The bacterial community structure and relative abundance of bacteria changed at the level of genes and the phylum of immobilized GAC particles. Moreover, the diversity of bacterial composition enhanced the removal of NO3--N at the inner surface (IS), and bottom surface (BS) of immobilized GAC carriers were Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Proteobacteria, and Thauera. In general, this technique is more effective for enhancing the denitrification process in the 3D-BER system.
Modified fruit pericarp as an effective biosorbent for removing azo dye from aqueous solution: study of adsorption properties and mechanisms
Authors: Ma Jinzhen , Hou Liyuan , Li Ping , Zhang Shumin , Zheng Xiangyu
Published: February 2021

To explore cheap, easily available and high adsorption performance bioadsorbent is still an important task for azo dye pollution control. In this study, the Methyl orange (MO) adsorption capacity by a novel bioadsorbent obtained from lychee and longan pericarps via simple modification was investigated. Prepared pericarps were modified by PEI at 30˚C and 65˚C, which improved the adsorption performance confirmed by batch adsorption experiments. The characteration of modified pericarps by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and zeta potential indicated that the enhanced adsorption performance may be due to the abundant amines and imines and stronger electropositivity. The maximum adsorption capacity (349.37 mg/g) was observed for LC@PEI-65 at 45˚C and pH 4. Freundlich isotherm model fitted pretty well with the isotherm experiment data, and the isotherm experimental data were preferably described by pseudo-second order model indicating the chemical adsorption process, and the intra-particle diffusion also involved in the adsorption process. Characterization and adsorption tests suggested electrostatic interaction played a key role in MO removal, accompanied by intermolecular hydrogen bond, π-π dispersion interaction and pore filling collectively. The present study show that the cost-effective PEI modified pericarps could possess a hopeful application for azo dye removal from wastewater.
A Proposed Plan to Implement Core Competencies and High-Impact Educational Practices in Saudi Universities in Light of The Experiences of Some International Universities
Authors: Zaghloul Hisham Saad , Abd-Alwahab Alandejani Jehan , Sanajlawe Yousef Khader
Published: February 2021

Although first-year seminars and experiences have been widely considered as a high-impact educational practice, which is used to enhance academic performance, retention, and acquisition of critical 21st Century outcomes, first-year seminars and experiences tend to be loosely defined and assessed in prior studies to highlight its importance in improving the education process as a whole; therefore, this study aims to assess the impact of highimpact educational practices (HIEPs) in preparatory years in Saudi Arabia and international universities, then proposing a plan for efficiently implementing HIEPs in higher education institutions. To achieve that, case-based analysis and the survey analysis method were used wherein qualitative examination of practices in University of California and Indiana University and quantitative assessment of (130) faculty members and students’ perception of Northern Border University was conducted. Case analysis revealed that international universities implement practices suited for their institution and not the stated one i.e., Health Professional Advising Center, undergraduate research programs, or Capital academic internship program in University California, while undergraduate research, service-learning practices, or learning community in Indiana University. Survey analysis on the other hand stated that consisting of the above (20_ years respondents, implementation of core competencies and HIEPs helps in exploring relevant issues and controversies, linking of knowledge and skills, and better students and faculty bond which raise teaching and learning experience. Results revealed that core competencies and HIEPs have a significant influence on the teaching and learning outcomes. As result, an efficient implementation the plan is proposed to activate HIEPs and core competencies in the preparatory year at Saudi universities.
La seguridad humana en Costa Rica y Ecuador: los debates y la difusión
Authors: Colmenares Zapata Alexis
Published: February 2021

A finales del siglo XX, de la mano de la globalización, inició un debate profundo en el ámbito de las relaciones internacionales acerca del enfoque de la seguridad. Frente a la visión clásica, centrada en proteger al Estado, surgió aquella de la seguridad humana, que considera a las personas como el eje del quehacer y la reflexión. Ya entrado el siglo XXI, esta nueva perspectiva empezó a calar en Costa Rica y Ecuador. En este libro, su autor presenta los mecanismos, grupos e ideas que se activaron en ambos países y muestra cómo el concepto de seguridad humana se transformó, una vez que lo toman a su cargo actores sociales como las instituciones de cooperación internacional, la academia o las Fuerzas Armadas (en el caso de Ecuador). Esta obra contribuye a la investigación en el área de las relaciones internacionales y refuerza una discusión en curso sobre dónde colocar el acento al pensar en las políticas públicas para este campo. Este giro reviste una gran importancia para América Latina, donde la vida es persistentemente amenazada por diversos tipos de violencia.
Between Growth and National Security in Host Countries: FDI Regulation and Chinese Outward Investments in Australia’s Critical Infrastructure
Authors: Heim Irina , Ribberink Natalia
Published: February 2021

To achieve sustainable growth, China facilitates outward foreign direct investments (FDI) in natural resources and technology through large supportive policies and massive financing, particularly through the expansion of its state-owned companies into foreign markets. This trend has accelerated economic growth in Australia but has also raised national security concerns regarding foreign investments. This paper discusses the problem of balancing foreign investment and national security and aims to stimulate discussion on the extent of regulations necessary for FDI in critical infrastructure. This paper will be interesting for host-country policymakers balancing inward FDI and national security concerns through appropriate screening mechanisms.
Linguistic Research Strategies Versus Quantitative Research Strategies--Different Roles, Different Results
Authors: Yeager Joseph , Sommer Linda
Published: February 2021

Selecting a statistical framework for a behavioral study has profoundly different results than does a linguistically framed research strategy. The linguistic strategy overcomes many limitations inherent in statistical strategies and offers more meaningful results. Inferential statistical studies often discuss how the findings “explain” the results of the study. Seldom mentioned is the fact that statistical explanations occur in terms of the framework of statistical methodology. Statistical explanations do not explain anything in terms of the actual behavior at issue and do not lead to subsequent interventions about the motivated choices for a target group. Linguistic strategies work especially well if the objective is to make a practical difference in behavior as opposed to raising questions for further research in academic circles.
Making Meaning of Graduate Students’ and Preservice Teachers’ E-Mail Communication in a Community of Practice
Authors: Richards Janet , Bennett Susan , Shea Kim
Published: February 2021

This inquiry examined graduate students ’ and preservice teachers’ e-mail communication as they made decisions about supporting the instructional needs of children at-risk in a community of practice summer literacy camp. The correspondence gradually evolved from impersonal to interpersonal communication over a ten-week time span, and influenced the preservice teachers’ responses. S even themes were identified in the graduate students’ messages that ranged from questioning and complaining to promoting collaboration. The study illuminates the developmental stages of interpersonal relationships and demonstrates the reciprocal nature of interactive dialogue through the medium of e-mail communication. Conclusions are that long-term e-mail exchanges can facilitate quality relationships and provide a venue for educators to share thoughts, seek advice, and discuss teaching achievements and problems.
Social Support in Elderly Nursing Home Populations: Manifestations and Influences
Authors: Rash Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of social support and the influencing factors on social support in nursing home environments. Observations and staff questionnaires from two central Florida nursing homes were used in this grounded theory study to answer the following questions: (1) How is social support manifested? and (2) What are influences on social support? Social support manifestations seemed predominantly superficial and did not appear to involve complex reciprocal relationships, however, when reciprocal resident tasks were observed, they appeared to have significant value and were sources of pride for the residents. Facility behaviors and policies required by governmental mandates appeared to result in significant resident dependency, a situation that mitigates against significant social support.
Using Qualitative Methods to Inform Scale Development
Authors: Rowan Noell , Wulff Dan
Published: February 2021

This article describes the process by which one study utilized qualitative methods to create items for a multi dimensional scale to measure twelve step program affiliation. The process included interviewing fourteen addicted persons while in twelve step focused treatment about specific “pros” (things they like or would miss out on by not being involved in twelve-step programs) and “cons” (things they dislike or would benefit from if they did not engage in twelve-step programs). The triangular process used in qualitative research is described, which generated items for the subsequent instrument to measure ambivalence toward recovery programs. Mixed-method strategies included qualitative interviewing to inform scale development and three analytical approaches to produce specific codes, themes, and domains.
Linguistic Mechanisms Cause Rapid Behavior Change Part Two: How Linguistic Frames Affect Motivation
Authors: Yeager Joseph , Sommer Linda
Published: February 2021

Written and spoken language contains inherent mechanisms driving motivation. Accessing and modifying psycholinguistic mechanisms, links language frames to changes in behavior within the context of motivational profiling. For example, holding an object like an imported apple feels safe until one is informed it was grown in a toxic waste dump. Instantly linguistic processing changes the apple’s meaning to dangerous. Qualitative data change from static into dynamic measures of motivational changes. Linguistic cause-effect mechanisms dramatically enhance the results and meaning of qualitative research methods, resulting new applications for behavioral engineering, including opinion polling, persuasive marketing campaigns, individual psychotherapy and executive performance coaching. Motivational mechanisms, especially linguistic frames, engineer deliberate and predictable improvements in outcomes, impossible with popular statistical methods.
Implementing a Critically Quasi-Ethnographic Approach
Authors: Murtagh Lisa
Published: February 2021

This paper provides an account of the methodological approach of a study designed to address some fundamental questions relating to formative assessment. The paper reports on the use of a critically quasi- ethnographic approach and describes the practicalities of adopting such an approach. The validity of the study is also considered , reflecting on Tricoglus’ (2001) protocol for practitioner research in education.
First-Year Teachers and Induction Support: Ups, Downs, and In-Betweens
Authors: Fry Sara
Published: February 2021

Novice teachers often struggle during the transition from being students of teaching to teachers of students. Consequently, high attrition rates characterize the first 3 years of teaching, underscoring a need to provide better support for beginning teachers. This investigation sought to answer the following question: How are 1s t-year teachers supported during induction and how do they respond to this support? Four 1st-year elementary teachers participated in a year-long case-study investigation. Primary form of data collection was monthly semi-structured phone interviews. Participants faced similar challenges, while adjusting to their new profession, but received varied, often inadequate, forms of support during their 1st year. The results suggest that rather than identifying the prevalence of induction support, future research should endeavor to assess program quality and guide educators in the provision of valuable induction for new teachers.
The Constant Cycle: Day to Day Critical Action of the QUIPPED Project
Authors: Medves Jennifer , Verma Sarita , Broers Teresa
Published: February 2021

Action research in the critical paradigm involves a process of continual refection in and on action including the research process itself. In the second in a series of several papers we report on the day-to-day management of the QUIPPED project. The aim was to facilitate patient centered care through inter-professional collaboration with health care learners at a Canadian university. Reflections of the continuum from early conceptualization of the project in 2004 through to lessons learned in 2008 are described. Key components include the importance of team development, overall coordination, and attention to logistical and structural issues are explored. The importance of learner driven initiatives as well as the need to prepare faculty for inter-professional teaching cannot be emphasized enough.
Creating Vocative Texts
Authors: Nicol Jennifer
Published: February 2021

Vocative texts are expressive poetic text s that strive to show rather than tell, that communicate felt knowledge, and that appeal to the senses. They are increasingly used by researchers to present qualitative findings, but little has been written about how to create such texts. To this end, excerpts from an inquiry into the experience and meaning of music listening in the context of chronic illness (Nicol, 2002) are presented and used to illustrate five elements associated with vocative texts (van Manen, 1997). Further student examples of vocative writing are also provided. The intent is to make a pragmatic contribution to the growing literature on writing and qualitative inquiry, and to stimulate interest in experimenting with different ways of writing.
The Unexpected Rewards of Qualitative Research in Assessment: A Case Example
Authors: Singh Penny
Published: February 2021

This paper reports on the inclusion of an oral component of assessment in science at two tertiary institutions in South Africa. The purpose of this paper is not to report on the results of the assessments conducted, but to focus on some of the unexpected rewards of conducting qualitative research in assessment. Using focus group discussions within a qualitative framework allowed me insights into the thoughts and experiences of the students and assessors, making the benefits of oral assessment apparent. These benefits included how assessment can be used as a learning opportunity, the advantages of homogeneous versus heterogeneous groups, and the benefits of face-to-face interaction, all of which led to improved relationships between students and assessors.
From the Outside Looking in: How an Awareness of Difference Can Benefit the Qualitative Research Process
Authors: Tinker Claire , Armstron Natalie
Published: February 2021

While much has been written on the problems that can arise when interviewing respondents from a different social group, less attention has been paid to its potential benefits for the research process. In this paper we argue that, by being conscious of one’s outsider status , an interviewer can use it as a tool through which to elicit detailed and comprehensive accounts from respondents, and ensure rigorous and critic al analysis of the data produced.
Visión achual del paraíso
Authors: Gómez Navarro Héctor
Published: February 2021

Este artículo presenta una traducción y estudio de los mitos paradisíacos del pueblo achual, una comunidad indígena peruana. Los textos hablan acerca de la pérdida de la condición edénica y el origen del pueblo y las instituciones achual. El análisis y estudio pretenden ofrecer una mirada filológico-antropológica sobre estos mitos.
Lenguaje y surrealismo
Authors: Cisneros Luis Jaime
Published: February 2021

Con un desprecio casi ritual por el lenguaje de los gramáticos, los surrealistas aceptaron esta afirmación de Bonterapelli, que lucía, entre 1926-27, en el segundo número de la revista 900:

“Nunca discutiremos en cuestiones de lenguaje; cuestiones ociosas y absurdas, puesto que un idioma jamás existe por sí mismo y carece de importancia en sí; sólo importan el pensamiento y la imaginación”
Assessment of Geotechnical Parameters of Lateritic Soil of Jos and Environs, for Civil Engineering Constructions North Central part of Nigeria
Authors: Vincent E , Dominic P , Kure MM
Published: February 2021

Due to failures of Civil Engineering structures in Jos and its Environs, Geotechnical parameters of Lateritic soils were carried out in order to determine its engineering properties for civil engineering construction. The methods involved are; reconnaissance survey, site works, laboratory tests based on British Standard (BS) methods and interpretation of the results. The laboratory test of the soils revealed that the Atterberg limit; Liquid limit (LL) ranged from 33.0% to 45.0%, Plastic limit (PL) from 16.23% to 26.37%, and Plasticity index (PI) from 8.63% to 22.67%. The percentage passing from the Sieve analysis ranges from 31.62% to 67.66%. The cohesive strength (c) and angle of internal friction (ø) from direct shear test ranged from 13KN/m2 to 24KN/m2 and 9° to 26°. The values of the Total settlement (Pc) from the Consolidation test ranged from 0.0005m to 0.0019m, Soil pH from 5.2 to 7.8, Specific gravity (SG) from 2.57 to 2.73 and Natural Moisture Content (NMC) from 8.18% to 46.36%. From the compaction test; the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) ranged from 15.22% to 20.60% and Maximum Dry Density (MDD) from 1.62g/cm3 to 1.84g/cm3. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test for the soaked soils ranged from 21.0% to 93.0% and Un-soaked values from 50.75% to 96.61%. The findings reveal that; the geology of the area can be largely classified into granites (Biotite-microgranite, N’gell biotite-granite, Jos-biotite-granite and Aplo-pegmatitic granite-gneiss) and laterites. The geotechnical parameters of the soil are characteristically fair to poor, the strength and deformation of the soil reveals that it can mostly be used as a sub-base materials. The soil is classified as silty-clay, and the area need to be stabilized with cement, sand and gravel before carry civil engineering constructions. The results obtained will serve as base-line information for civil engineering construction in the study area in other to avoid structural damage.