bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Federal Reserve Structure and Economic Ideas
Authors: Bordo Michael D. , Prescott Edward Simpson
Published: March 2022

This essay was written in memory of Marvin Goodfriend for a Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond book called Essays in Honor of Marvin Goodfriend: Economist and Central Banker. We discuss his Carnegie-Rochester conference paper titled "The Role of a Regional Bank in a System of Central Banks." In that paper, Marvin argued that the Federal Reserve's decentralized structure allowed for competing ideas about monetary and banking policy to develop with the central bank. In our essay, we describe how Marvin demonstrated this argument during his long career at the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. We also describe the institutional developments that led to this competition, including reforms that Chairman William McChesney Martin made to the operation of the Federal Open Market Committee in the 1950s and the introduction of monetary policy ideas such as monetarism and rational expectations by the Reserve Banks.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TAX INCENTIVES FOR R&D
Authors:   Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Zueva Anna S.
Published: March 2022

The article describes the applied measures of tax incentives for scientific, development and innovation activities on the example of foreign countries: Great Britain, Finland, New Zealand, Mexico, Latvia, etc. A generalized analysis of the effectiveness of tax incentives for R&D provided to large companies and small and medium-sized businesses is given. On the example of the legislation of Ireland, the study of the categorical apparatus is carried out. The role of the International Monetary Fund and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in the study of tax incentives for R&D is determined. The work is based on the application of general scientific and private scientific methods: statistical, comparative legal, historical, etc. A comparative analysis of direct government financing and tax support of R&D for business is provided. Several methods of evaluating the effectiveness of stimulating research and development are considered. Conclusions are drawn about the key global patterns in the field of assessing the effectiveness of tax incentives for R&D. In conclusion, the author notes that depending on the size of the economy and the level of its development, governments of different countries choose different types and sizes of tax instruments within the framework of fiscal policy. There is also a lack of unity in the methodology for calculating the impact of the proposed benefits on the growth rate of R&D financing.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CHALLENGES OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE WORLD ECONOMY
Authors:   State University of Management, Karelina Ekaterina A.
Published: March 2022

The digital transformation of the world economy leads to a rethinking of the methodological aspects of the analysis of strategies of transnational corporations (TNCs), among which a new generation is emerging – digital TNCs, which are becoming a new subject of increasing international competition. The growth of the scale of international technology giant companies, due to their high competitiveness and liquidity, is changing the entire system of the international division of labor. Digitalization of global value chains (GCSS) will have a significant impact on the foreign divisions of TNCs and the economies of host countries. The high level of technological requirements within the framework of the GCSS may make it difficult for companies from host countries to enter them, but this may allow them to develop new forms of non-operational relations with TNCs. In the knowledge-intensive industries of developing countries, TNCs tend to introduce new technologies to establish relationships with suppliers and customers. We have outlined the main approaches to the differentiation of the mechanisms of the international presence of traditional and digital TNCs (in terms of their foreign assets and foreign income), as well as to the classification of digital TNCs. The consequences of different digitalization scenarios for the development of the international production system are revealed.
Pengaruh Pengomposan Ampas Tebu Sebagai Media Alternatif dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Produktivitas Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Authors: Erlinda Claresta , Prasetyaningsih Aniek , Madyaningrana Kukuh
Published: March 2022

Jamur tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) merupakan salah satu bahan pangan kaya nutrisi yang dibutuhkan tubuh. Tingginya permintaan akan jamur tiram mendorong petani jamur untuk dapat menghasilkan jamur tiram lebih banyak dengan kualitas yang baik. Umumnya jamur tiram dibudidaya dengan menggunakan media tanam berupa serbuk gergaji kayu sengon, yang ketersediaan  serbuk gergaji tersebut tidak mudah didapati karena produksinya yang menurun. Sulitnya pasokan sebuk gergaji kayu sengon menyebabkan perlunya dilakukan menelitian tentang media tanam jamur alternatif. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari pemanfaatan ampas tebu sebagai media alternatif dalam budidaya jamur tiram. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan pengomposan ampas tebu dan variasi komposisi media terhadap terhadap produktivitas jamur tiram. Untuk mengukur produktivitas tersebut dilakukan pengukuran terhadap kecepatan pertumbuhan miselium, jumlah tubuh buah, diameter tudung, berat kering, total yield, dan efisiensi biologi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan kecepatan pertumbuhan miselium terbaik sebesar 0,680 cm/hari terdapat pada waktu pengomposan 12 hari dengan jumlah substrat ampas tebu 80% dengan C/N media 60%. Jumlah tubuh buat terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan pengomposan 4 hari dan variasi media serbuk gergaji:ampas tebu (40%:60%) dengan 9 tubuh buah dan diameter terbaik ada pada perlakuan pengomposan 12 hari dengan media 100% ampas tebu dengan diameter 8,138 cm. Berat kering, total yield dan efisiensi biologi terbaik terdapat pada media tanpa pengomposan dengan substrat 100% ampas tebu sebesar 8,322 gram, 148,106 gram, dan 123, 940%. Perlakuan pengomposan tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan total yield jamur tiram dan semakin banyak proporsi ampas tebu dalam medium tanam dapat meningkatkan produktivitas (total yield) jamur tiram
Pengaruh Bakteri Fermentasi Nira Siwalan (Borassus flabellifer) terhadap Coliform dan Escherichia coli pada Selada (Lactuca sativa)
Authors: Widinugroho Destiari Ayu , Asri Mahanani Tri
Published: March 2022

Sayuran Selada (Lactuca sativa) mempunyai berbagai manfaat, kandungan serat, vitamin, serta mineral. Konsumsi selada di Indonesia biasa dilakukan dalam keadaan mentah. Namun kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia akan kebersihan makanan masih kurang. Sehingga menyebabkan munculnya salah satu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh makanan yaitu diare. Penanganan kontaminasi sayuran segar dapat dilakukan menggunakan agensia biologi berupa bakteri fermentasi. Fermentasi nira siwalan merupakan salah satu produk yang bisa digunakan. Sehingga diperlukan penelitian untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh pemberian bakteri fermentasi nira siwalan (Borassus flabellifer) serta mengetahui konsentrasi  bakteri fermentasi nira siwalan (B. flabellifer) yang optimal dalam menghambat pertumbuhan coliform dan Escherichia coli pada lalapan selada (L. sativa). Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Most Probable Number (MPN) dengan seri tabung sebanyak 3. Uji yang dilakukan yaitu uji praduga (Presumtive test), uji penegasan (Confirmed test), dan uji pelengkap (Completed test). Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil indeks MPN tiap perlakuan terhadap standar SNI 7388: 2009 tentang batas maksimum cemaran mikroba dalam pangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa pemberian bakteri fermentasi nira siwalan (B. flabellifer) dapat mengurangi jumlah cemaran coliform dan Escherichia coli pada lalapan selada. Konsentrasi perlakuan yang paling baik dalam mengurangi jumlah cemaran coliform dan Escherichia coli pada perlakuan adalah dengan konsentrasi 90% dengan hasil indeks MPN pada uji praduga dan uji penegasan sebesar 17,80 ± 9,36 dan 6,80 ± 4,50. Namun, berdasarkan perbandingan hasil indeks MPN terhadap standar acuan dikatakan tidak memenuhi syarat cemaran mikroba dalam pangan dengan batas maksimum cemaran < 3/g.
Pengaruh Faktor Lingkungan Terhadap Indeks Keanekaragaman dan Morfologi Capung (Ordo: Odonata) di Kawasan Hutan Kota Surabaya
Authors: Rahmawati Widdi Ayu , Budjiastuti Widowati
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis dan keanekaragaman capung, serta menganalisis pengaruh faktor lingkungan di Kawasan Hutan Kota Surabaya dengan keanekaragaman dan morfologi capung (Odonata). Pengambilan sampel capung dilakukan melalui penjelajahan langsung dan penghitungan titik (point count) di tiga lokasi. Data yang dianalisis meliputi: Indeks Keanekaragaman Jenis, Indeks Kelimpahan Relatif dan analisis korelasi (PCA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima jenis spesies yaitu Neurothemis terminata, Perithemis mooma, Ischnura senegalensis, Diphlebia hybridoides, dan Oristicta filicicola. Indeks keanekaragaman di Hutan Kota Balas Klumprik adalah 1,50; indeks keanekaragaman jenis di Hutan Kota Pakal adalah 1,26; dan indeks keanekaragaman jenis di Hutan Kota Mangrove Anyar adalah 1,14. Kondisi lingkungan di lokasi penelitian yaitu memiliki rata-rata suhu 29,9, pH 7,8, kelembapan cahaya 80,4 dan intensitas cahaya 626,6 kondisi lingkungan ini sangaat sesuai dengan perkembangbiakan keragaman capung di Hutan Kota Surabaya. Hasil PCA karakter morfometri menghasilkan 4 komponen yang menjadi faktor utama. Komponen pertama yang paling mempengaruhi morfometri capung dengan hasil 43,88%. Sehingga faktor lingkungan mempengaruhi  morfologi capung, salah satunya ukuran tubuh dan warna tubuh capung.
Proposta de um indicador de sustentabilidade para fragmentos florestais (ISFF) por meio de modelagem ambiental
Authors: Sousa Jocy Ana Paixão de , Amorim Amanda Trindade , Souza José Carlos de , Ewbank Henrique , Lourenço Roberto Wagner
Published: March 2022

Os ecossistemas florestais estão sujeitos a diversas interferências que comprometem a sua biodiversidade e a disponibilização dos serviços ecossistêmicos. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou obter um Indicador de Sustentabilidade para Fragmentos Florestais (ISFF) aplicado a sub-bacias. Para isto, fez-se um levantamento, na literatura, dos fatores capazes de caracterizar os fragmentos e estes foram agrupados em três variáveis: conservação, antrópica e biofísica. Verificou-se que a maioria dos fragmentos apresentam uma sustentabilidade considerada média (cerca de 50%), prevalecendo os de tamanho pequeno e médio. O indicador proposto mostrou-se satisfatório para determinar a sustentabilidade dos fragmentos florestais, pois a sustentabilidade considerada muito alta, apenas foi constatada em fragmentos de tamanho grande, presentes em cinco sub-bacias, enquanto os de sustentabilidade muito baixa, caracterizam-se por serem de tamanho pequeno. O ISFF permite ser replicado em outras bacias hidrográficas e, mostra-se eficiente para identificar quais medidas são necessárias para a manutenção dos fragmentos florestais, principalmente aqueles que requerem maior atenção. Isso contribui para a promoção da qualidade ambiental dos espaços habitados, bem como da qualidade de vida para a atual e futuras gerações.Palavras-chave: pressão antrópica, serviços ecossistêmicos, matriz da paisagem.                                                                                                                                 Proposal of a sustainability indicator for forest fragments (SIFF) through environmental modeling A B S T R A C TForest ecosystems are subject to various interferences that compromise their biodiversity and the availability of ecosystem services. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain a Sustainability Indicator for Forest Fragments (ISFF) applied to sub-basins. For this, a survey was made in the literature of the factors capable of characterizing the fragments and these were grouped into three variables: conservation, anthropic and biophysical. It was found that most of the fragments have a sustainability considered medium (about 50%), with small and medium size prevailing. The proposed indicator proved to be satisfactory to determine the sustainability of forest fragments, as the sustainability considered very high was only found in large fragments, present in five sub-basins, while those of very low sustainability are characterized by being of small size. The SIFF allows it to be replicated in other watershed and proves to be efficient in identifying which measures are necessary for the maintenance of forest fragments, especially those that require greater attention. This contributes to promoting the environmental quality of inhabited spaces, as well as the quality of life for current and future generations.Keywords: anthropic pressure, ecosystem services, landscape matrix.
Micellar extraction and spectrophotometric determination of quinoline yellow in drugs
Authors: Shestopalova N. B. , Fomina I. A. , Reshetov P. V.
Published: March 2022

A distinctive feature of modern drugs is a complex multicomponent composition, including both medicinal and auxiliary substances. The synthetic food dye Quinoline yellow (QY) is widely used for color correction, however, the determination of QY by the spectrophotometric method is impossible without separating the preparation from the matrix. Micellar extraction with polyoxyethylated alkylphenols Triton X-100 and OP-10 is proposed as an alternative to solid-phase extraction and traditional extraction with organic solvents. The phase separation of aqueous and aqueous-salt solutions of Triton X-100 and OP-10 with a con-

centration of 1 to 10% is studied in various modes: polythermal (when heated to cloud point) and isothermal (salting out at 25°C). Sodium and ammonium sulfates and sodium carbonate are used as salting-out agents. Their salting-out ability decreases in the series Na2CO3 > Na2SO4 > (NH4)2SO4. The effect of the acidity of the medium and the nature of the electrolyte on the state of the QY in aqueous and aqueous micellar solutions is also studied. The form of the dye does not change within the pH range 1 – 8 and with the addition of Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4. At higher pH values and in the presence of Na2CO3, structural changes occur in the molecule. The intensity and position of the maximum in the absorption spectrum change in the presence of surfactant micelles (bathochromic shift, Δλ = 8 nm). The dye distribution between the aqueous and micellar phases is studied in different modes of phase separation. It is shown that the systems with the addition of sodium and ammonium sulfates in the salting-out mode (R > 97%) have the best extraction characteristics. Optimal conditions for the maximum single extraction of the dye in the concentration range of 1 – 10 mg/liter in the aqueous solution C(surfactant) — 10%, solution volume — 10 ml, Na2SO4 — 0.84 g, temperature — 25°C, time — 30 min. A rapid and easy to use method of QY extraction concentration from orodispersible tablets (lozenges) is developed. The error of the method does not exceed 5%. The verification of the correctness of the method, carried out by HPLC, proved the absence of a systematic error.
Diagnostics of materials by diffraction optical methods
Authors: Marchuk V. I. , Okorochkov A. I. , Semenov V. V. , Sadrtdinov I. A. , Nikishin I. O.
Published: March 2022

The internal state of the material formed as a result of technological processing, indirectly affects the state of the material surface. A non-contact method of non-destructive control of the state of materials based on a visual analysis of the surface, requires high-quality images which can be obtained either using lens objectives or lenseless technologies. The results of studying image processing obtained by lensless technologies are presented. We used methods for modeling phase masks and image processing based on Gerchberg – Saxton iterative algorithms, adaptive-additive and phase mask rotation based algorithms. Materials such as granite, graphite, sand and carbon steel were analyzed. It is shown that the construction of cameras can provide significant reduction of their dimensions at the same or even improved characteristics. The images obtained using lensless technologies and the proposed methods of image processing also provide a significant increase in the accuracy of visual inspection of materials. The results obtained can be used in refining lensless technologies, improving the quality of images and reducing time of their processing.
Assessment of failure probabilities and the allowable size of defects in structural elements using the criteria of fracture mechanics
Authors: Lepikhin A. M. , Morozov E. M. , Makhutov N. A. , Leschenko V. V.
Published: March 2022

The possibility of assessing the safe size of the defects of metal continuity using risk criteria are considered. Such defects occur at all stages of the life cycle of structures. Assessment of their hazard and determination of their allowable size becomes important when the defects can lead to brittle or quasi-brittle fracture. In this case, models of linear and nonlinear fracture mechanics are used. In these models, defects are considered as internal elliptical or surface semi-elliptical cracks. The stochastic variety of shapes, sizes, locations, and orientations of defects has a significant effect on the destruction mechanisms. In this regard, the relevant probabilistic problem of assessing the permissible size of defects according to the criteria of the risk of destruction comes to the fore. We consider a general approach to assessing hazard of defects by risk criteria. Two settings of the probabilistic problem of risk assessment based on of one- and two-parameter fracture criteria are presented. The risk function in the form of the probability of fracture according to a given criterion is used as the main calculated characteristic. The expression of the risk function based on one-parameter criteria of fracture mechanics is presented. The main attention is paid to the probabilistic model based on the two-parameter fracture criterion by E. M. Morozov. This criterion provides ample opportunities for analyzing fracture mechanisms with a change in the size of defects. An expression for the risk function based on the family of two-dimensional probability distributions of Lu – Bhattacharya of the Weibull type is obtained. It is shown that the correlations of the fracture mechanisms can significantly affect the values of the fracture probabilities, and, consequently, the allowable size of defects.
THE SEIZURE OF VALUABLES FROM THE TEMPLES OF THE MOSCOW PROVINCE IN 1922 IN THE ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS OF THE CSAMR AND CSA OF MOSCOW
Authors:   Gzhel State University, Nikonov Vadim V.
Published: March 2022

The article considers the goals and mechanism of the seizure of church valuables from the temples of the eastern counties of the Moscow province. It is noted that the propaganda campaign to raise funds for famine relief in the Volga region began long before the mass requisitions. The immediate removal of valuables from churches was preceded by a campaign to form public opinion in favor of the decision of the authorities. In addition, Patriarch Tikhon, whose authority was very high, called on believers to provide all possible assistance to the hungry. Fundraising immediately started in all parishes. In the donation lists, in addition to the money and precious metal items, there were awards and even 11 pounds of rye. However, despite the willingness of the clergy and parishioners, in response to Patriarch Tikhon’s call to help the hungry and to voluntarily hand over to the Pomgol the church utensils that are not used in everyday worship, the authorities organized the seizure of valuables through the use of force. The archival documents cited in the article indicate that, among other things, the objects necessary for worship services, as well as the elements of the decorations of the Gospels (corners, locks) were seized from churches, and that was perceived by believers as sacrilege.The material is based on the archival documents of the Central State Archives of Moscow and the Central State Archives of the Moscow region.
MEMORIES OF KHAIRI GIMADI
Authors:   Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Galimzyanova Alina T.
Published: March 2022

The article is based on the study of the biography of Khairi Gimadi (Gimadutdinov Khairutdin Gimadievich), the famous Tatar historian, Candidate of Sciences in History, Senior Researcher of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in the specialty of “History of Tataria”. He worked as Senior Researcher at The Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Kazan Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (IYALI KFAN USSR), and later as Head of the History Sector. Kh. Gimadi’s scientific activity took place under a tightening ideological control over the activities of the national intelligentsia in the context of the famous August (1944) Resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Contemporary researchers often refer to his works, especially when describing the events associated with the mentioned Resolution. But specialized works on the study of the biography of Kh. Gimadi still do not exist. The article presents the results of the scientific research related to the study of the biography of the Tatar historian, the most valuable of which were the memoirs of Kh. Gimadi, stored in the personal archive of his children. The sources contain the information about the parents, the native village of Khairutdin Gimadievich; the rural life is also described. The most part of the story is devoted to the period of famine in the Volga region and to the children homelessness in the 1920s. The materials of the article will be useful for regional and Russian historians studying the development of Russian science and the Soviet everyday life.
Transgression of Umbrella Units in Borderline Terminology Systems of Discourse Analysis and Cognitive Linguistics
Authors: Pelevina Iuliia I.
Published: March 2022

This study offers an analysis of a possible cognitive approach to transgression of specific term units, which feature such points like novation and transparency, in the non-usual areas of the information flows. The most notable here are borderline-type terminology systems of discourse analysis and cognitive linguistics, which allow, based on the immanent amphiboly available within the term semantics, i.e., the umbrella-like functioning through preserving the core component, levelling the blurring of boundaries by logical situationally determined specifiers. The author draws attention to the consituative interpretation through the process of transgression – the removal of blocks in understanding term units of another field of knowledge during their structuring not only intermediate terminology systems of one language, yet borderline interlanguage and transdisciplinary multicomponent systems of the smallest elements that serve as the basis for legitimizing newly introduced reinterpreted units. Term units of borderline terminology systems are of umbrella type – they are specified based on categorizational relations within a specific field of knowledge. The description of term units of borderline-type terminology systems is carried out taking into account their umbrella-like nature within the framework of the analysis of concretization processes during transgression in another scientific field. The author comes to the conclusion that with interdisciplinary and interlanguage borrowing of the term, paradigmatic connections are formed on the basis of “family resemblance”, which ensures close convergence of semantic spaces. One of the basic mechanisms of transgression of the term is metaphorization, the cognitive components of one area of scientific knowledge are translated into the receiving sphere on the basis of co-location, providing imagery and transparency of interpretation. The types of metaphorization offer basis for various transgression models: structural, orientational and ontological, whereas their differences are based on the degree and the method of correlation between empirical and reflexive verification of the criteria to found behind the term. The author concludes that generic concepts of borderline terminology systems containing transgressed core components are distributed within newer consituative interpretations, while their specification is carried out by employing subordinative relations on a graduated scale of various packaged components arrangement.
Konsultasi Publik Pengembangan Taman Botani Sebagai Ruang Terbuka Hijau Secara Daring di Kutai Timur
Authors: Syah Titis Hutama , Mulyadi Ery , Putra Mufti Perwira , Aryanto Dhani , Arbain Arbain
Published: March 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in several government-related activities being carried out online. One of them was a public consultation on the development of the Taman Botani Kutai Timur. This activity aimed to find out the recent conditions and potential developments that can be reached from Taman Botani as a green open area. The activity was carried out through focus group discussions, presenting researchers and practitioners from parties representing the central government, provincial governments, district governments, relevant government institutions, academics, community institutions, and other interested communities. The meetings held revealed that Taman Botani has potential to be developed for the better. One of the suggestions that emerged was to develop it into a regional botanical garden. Otherwise, its successful development requires a strong commitment from the local government regarding policy formulation and funding allocation. In addition, the development of Taman Botani requires monitoring from the community in the form of policy advocacy.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Menggunakan Teknologi Probio_Fm dalam Pengolahan Pakan Ternak Ayam Merawang di Desa Pagarawan, Bangka Belitung
Authors: Astuti Rufti puji , Sujadmi Sujadmi , Bahtera Novyandra Ilham , Yetti Gusva
Published: March 2022

This community service aimed utilizing probio_Fm technology in feed processing and animal health management for empower society. There were three steps in the activity they were socialization, demonstration, and monitoring and evaluation. Qualitative descriptive analysis was applied to analyze the data. The activity found that the beneficiaries had been empowered to make the feed and apply the Ayam Merawang health management by using Probio_Fm technology. The empowerment activity affected the increased knowledge of beneficiaries on the various source of feed material. There was some feed source used in the practice of fermented complete feed which was bran, corn, coconut pulp, rough fish, premix, pellets, molasses, and probiotics of probio_Fm. The feed smelled fermented and was tanned, testable, and durable feed. The durability of the feed could be up to 14 days. The application of probio_Fm technology through animal feed and water affected the increase of animal health, the reduction of bad smell of animal waste, the effective feed and animal health management by feed processing once time a week, and the low cost of feed which was Rp 5,000/1 kg with protein until 29% in 100 kg of feed. The utilization of the various potential source of materials animal feed in Merawang could be optimized by implementing the sustainable Probio_Fm technology.
CONHECIMENTOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS
Authors: Lima Marcos Antonio De
Published: March 2022

A obra apresenta seis artigos que abordam assuntos relacionados à administração contemporânea; os artigos apresentados neste volume abordam: A auditoria operacional e de gestão visando a redução de índices de inadimplência, O mercado de franquias nos últimos 5 anos: um estudo exploratório, A importância de práticas específicas no contexto de uma pandemia, Alternativas para melhoria da mobilidade urbana no município de são Paulo, Demissão de cliente: um estudo exploratório sobre clientes não rentáveis, e Produto interno bruto (pib) do município de são Paulo: principais características e evolução entre os anos de 2002 e 2019.
Páscoa de uma Espiritualidade a partir da Experiência Popular
Authors: Cobo Sérgio
Published: March 2022

A contribuição que fazemos tem como base a experiência de um grupo de seculares, religiosas e sacerdotes, que viveram durante vários anos em bairros da periferia e em comunidades camponesas. Ê a passagem do tipo de espiritualidade que recebemos, com seus acertos e limitações, a outro estilo espiritual que vamos forjando, igualmente com acertos e limitações, e mais em consonância com o que nos exige uma vida evangélica em setores populares...
Espiritualidade de Jesus e Espiritualidade da Libertação
Authors: Sobrino Jon
Published: March 2022

Neste trabalho, e devido à finalidade deste número monográfico sobre espiritualidade da libertação, vamos fazer breves reflexões que enquadrem a estrutura típica da espiritualidade de Jesus e da libertação, sem analisar pormenorizadamente seus conteúdos típicos, tarefa que será levada a cabo em outros trabalhos deste número...
Espiritualidade e Cultura diante do Impacto da Modernização
Authors: Trigo Pedro
Published: March 2022

Partimos de uma experiência que nos parece amplamente compartilhada e que coloca, de forma nada acadêmica, o problema que nos interessa. Trata-se da comprovada capacidade de grupos cristãos para se inserir em regiões camponesas pobres ou em bairros que se acham em condições particularmente graves de marginalização. Entre carências vitais verdadeiramente penosas e em condições de prostração, desagregação e desespero, sumamente aguçadas, foi possível suscitar uma esperança histórica, articular a comunidade, resistir aos embates da exploração exasperada pela resistência e sustentar e autogerir processos de transformação nas condições de vida, na percepção da realidade e na autoconsciência...
Love Sustains Life:Jkyo jkwainïand Allied Strategies in Caring for the Earth
Authors: Zent Egleé , Zent Stanford
Published: March 2022

This essay is an impassioned epitaph conveying the teachings of Jotï wise persons from the Venezuelan Amazon who passed away recently. It honors their wish to spread the philosophy of jkyo jkwainï, which holds that loving-caring for everyone and everything around us is an essential human trait that holds the key to sustaining all life. If this innate faculty is nurtured, it gives people the power to maintain or even enhance the living world; if suppressed, its absence will inevitably lead to the degeneration and demise of the world. Their essential message urges everyone to use the dynamism of love already present within us to reverse the dominant trend of exploiting nature selfishly. An environmental ethic of loving-caring can actually be found in disparate cultural traditions, both Indigenous and non-Indigenous. (Re)establishing loving-caring as a central guiding principle for organizing human ecological dynamics is already taking place in different urban and rural settings globally. Vital connections between ancient eco-philosophies and contemporary ecosocial movements are highlighted in order to show that real possibilities exist for building ecotopias moving forward. These arguments are attuned to postulates for biocultural conservation endorsed by ethnobiologists, Indigenous rights advocates, and environmental activists. Case studies are mentioned to stress the common ground shared by a diverse assortment of stakeholders.
OVERVIEW OF “EMPLOYEE THEFT IN TURKEY AND IN THE WORLD”: TYPES, CAUSES, COSTS AND PREVENTION STUDIES
Authors: ARACI KAZICI Mehtap
Published: March 2022

Considering the material and moral losses caused by employee theft, the idea that it should take place more in the business and management literature has recently started to become widespread. The types and causes of employee theft, which can be defined as the unauthorized taking or transfer of the company's property or money during the official working time, are various. In this study, primarily aimed; to reveal the current situation regarding the employee theft problem in Turkey and in the World by giving wide coverage to the various findings, examples and statistics revealed by the studies on employee theft carried out to date in the literature, thus separating the employee theft on this basis into types and attracting the attention of other researchers. Other aims of the study; to analyze the causes mainly business-related and management reasons and costs of employee theft, with the statistical findings that have been reached to date, and to provide information about the prevention studies that are currently being implemented in various businesses and to make suggestions on how these studies can be developed.
KISA SÜRELİ DİNAMİK PSİKOTERAPİ YAKLAŞIMININ FİLM ANALİZİ YÖNTEMİYLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YILDIRIM Oğuzhan , KUMCAĞIZ Hatice
Published: March 2022

Psikanalitik kuram kökenli olmasına rağmen gittikçe farklılaşan dinamik kısa süreli psikoterapi yaklaşımı son yıllarda ilgi çekmeye başlamıştır. Bu ilginin nedenleri arasında; toplumun hemen her kesimine uygun olması, danışanların ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için kısa süreli terapilerin yeterli olduğunun anlaşılması ve kısa süreli olması nedeniyle mali açıdan ekonomik olması gelmektedir. Bu araştırmada Dr. Gülseren Budayıcıoğlu’nun ‘Hayat Dön’ isimli kitabından televizyona uyarlanan “İstanbullu Gelin” dizi filminde yer alan terapi sahneleri kısa süreli dinamik psikoterapi ekseninde çözümlenmiştir. Dizinin ana karakterlerinden olan Âdem Bey ile terapist İdil Hanım arasındaki terapötik ilişki, terapötik süreç, terapistin müdahale stratejileri ve müdahale teknikleri film analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden film, dizi gibi görsel ve işitsel kaynakların da analiz edildiği doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan betimsel analize göre ilgili alanyazın doğrultusunda müdahale stratejileri, müdahale teknikleri ve danışan seçim kriterleri olmak üzere üç kategori oluşturulmuştur. Bu üç kategori kapsamında toplam 19 tema yer alırken müdahale stratejileri kategorisine ilişkin 11 alt temaya ulaşılmıştır. Dizinin kısa süreli dinamik psikoterapi ekseninde çözümlenmesiyle elde edilen bulgular ilgili alanyazın ışığında tartışılmış ve ileride yapılacak benzer araştırmalara yönelik çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
E-DEVLET UYGULAMALARININ YOLSUZLUK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN VERİ ZARFLAMA ANALİZİ YÖNTEMİYLE İNCELENMESİ: OECD ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: BOLAYIR Banu , KEYİFLİ Nazlı
Published: March 2022

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri hızlı gelişimine bağlı olarak devletler sunmuş oldukları hizmetlerin verimliliğini ve etkinliğini arttırmayı hedeflemesi, vergi gelirlerinin arttırılması, yolsuzluğun azaltılması, vatandaş memnuniyetinin sağlanması ve kamu hizmetlerin kontrolü gibi pek çok alanda iyi bir denetim mekanizmasına gereksinim duymuşlardır. Bu çerçevede e-devlet uygulamaları, devletlerin politika hedeflerine ulaşmada önemli imkanlar sağlamıştır. Bu noktadan hareketle, e-devlet kullanımında performansın yüksek olabilmesi, düşük seviyede girdi değişkenleri kullanılmasına bilhassa yolsuzluğun düşük olmasına ve yüksek seviyede çıktı değişkenlerinin elde edilmesine bağlıdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında 2018 yılı için OECD ülkelerinin seçilmiş e-devlet göstergeleri üzerinden yolsuzluk düzeyinin e-devlet uygulama performansları üzerindeki etkisi girdi yönelimli veri zarflama analizi ile araştırılmıştır. Analizdeki modeller LINDO paket programında çözdürülmüştür. Veri zarflama analizi uygulaması sonucunda, etkin olan ülkeler; ABD, Danimarka, Estonya, İspanya, İtalya, Kore, Meksika, Norveç, Slovakya, Şili, Türkiye ve Yeni Zelanda, etkin olmayan ülkeler; Almanya, Avustralya, Avusturya, Belçika, Birleşik Krallık, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Hollanda, İrlanda, İsrail, İsveç, Kanada, Macaristan, Polonya, Portekiz, Slovenya ve Yunanistan’dır.
THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON FINANCIAL MARKETS ON SELECTED DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Authors: KULOĞLU Ayhan
Published: March 2022

Studies cannot provide adequate predictions regarding the depth and length of the Covid-19 virus because the Covid-19 pandemic is an unprecedented epidemic in terms of the lack of data gathered so far. The measures taken by governments and the deterioration of human health condition have affected all sectors; especially production, distribution and supply chains. The sector most severely inflicted by the epidemic is the financial markets. This study examined the effects of Covid-19 cases and CDS (Credit Default Swap) premiums on financial markets benefitting from the daily data collected between February 3, 2020 and September 20, 2021. As a result, it was seen that Covid-19 cases and CDS premiums posed a negative impact on stock market indices in selected countries (England, France and the United States). The country with the highest impact of Covid-19 cases on stock market indices is England. The country with the lowest CDS premiums on stock market indices is England and the country with the highest is the United States. More strikingly, the negative impact posed by CDS premiums on stock market returns due to the uncertainty of the epidemic was analyzed to be stronger than that posed by Covid-19 cases. Thus, governments should develop policies to reduce pandemic-induced uncertainty in the financial markets.
Caracterização da adesão à monoterapia guiada por hemocultura no tratamento de infecções neonatais em uma maternidade escola
Authors: PEREIRA Jeanine M. , DIAS Hannah I. , CIARLINI Nerci S. , ALBUQUERQUE Jéssica S. , TIMBÓ Francisca J. , NETO Francisco C. , CHAVES Elana F. , NOBRE Keline S.
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Caracterizar as hemoculturas positivas e a adesão médica à monoterapia antimicrobiana guiada por hemocultura, assim como os fatores associados a esta prática, em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTIN). Métodos: Estudo transversal e retrospectivo realizado por meio das fichas de notificações de infecções relacionada à assistência à saúde em recém-nascidos internados com hemocultura positiva de janeiro a dezembro 2019, na UTIN de uma maternidade escola em Fortaleza, Brasil. Coletou-se dados demográficos e clínicos dos recémnascidos, assim como antimicrobianos utilizados e resultados de hemoculturas. A adesão à monoterapia foi considerada quando houve prescrição de apenas um antimicrobiano sensível ao microrganismo isolado. A análise dos dados foi feita através dos Softwares Excel® e GraphPad Prism. Resultados: Foram incluídas 62 hemoculturas positivas provenientes de 48 recém-nascidos. Destes, a maioria era do sexo feminino (54,2%), pré-termo extremo (29,2%) e de extremo baixo peso ao nascer (35,4%). As bactérias Gram-positivas (59,7%) foram as mais isoladas, principalmente o Staphylococcus epidermidis (54,1%) e Staphylococcus haemolyticus (18,9%). A vancomicina (21%) foi o antimicrobiano mais prescrito, seguido da oxacilina (19,4%). Com relação à adesão, observou-se que 53,2% das prescrições não aderiram à monoterapia. Por outro lado, a adesão à monoterapia foi observada em 53,3% dos casos de alta hospitalar. A adesão à monoterapia foi mais frequente após o isolamento de fungos (75%) e bactérias Gram negativas (66,7%), do que após o isolamento de bactérias Grampositivas (32,4%). Ademais, as infecções por bactérias Gram-negativas foram significativamente associadas com a adesão à monoterapia (p = 0,03, risco relativo = 1,82), enquanto as infecções por bactérias Gram-positivas foram significativamente associadas com a não adesão à monoterapia (p = 0,01, risco relativo = 0,48). Não foram encontradas associações estatisticamente significativa entre as outras variantes analisadas. Conclusão: Adesão à monoterapia antimicrobiana guiada por hemocultura ocorreu em menos da metade dos tratamentos em recém-nascidos prematuros e de baixo peso. As bactérias Gram positivas estão relacionadas a não adesão à monoterapia. Observou-se, também, uma maior prevalência de prescrição de vancomicina e presença de Staphylococcus spp (em maioria resistente à oxacilina).
Anatomía Veterinaria de la carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, entre lo planificado y lo concretado
Authors: Devoto Valeria Lucrecia , Althaus María Angélica , Galván Stella Maris
Published: March 2022

Se analiza la planificación de la asignatura de Anatomía Veterinaria I, de la Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, dependiente de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral (unl), en Argentina. Se realiza una descripción de las características curriculares de la carrera. Se identifican no sólo los puntos fuertes y factores que intervienen en el proceso educativo, que impiden alcanzar los objetivos de la propuesta, sino también aquellos que permitirá caracterizar la propuesta e identificar aspectos que podrían ser modificados. Se destaca que la anatomía en el siglo xxi ha entrado en su cuarto milenio y está obligada a refundarse sobre sus bases y a generar nuevas estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje.
El diseño activista y el drag
Authors: Contreras Gabriela
Published: March 2022

El diseño centrado en el usuario, significa un avance nuevo en el paradigma del diseño. Aunque la mayoría de las investigaciones se inclinan a diseñar experiencias gratas, estas no concuerdan con lo que perciben las personas que hacen drag: pese a la incomodidad inicial, esta actividad se convierte en una acción primordial pues consideran esencial, el visibilizar la dimensión política en las expresiones de género, además de ayudarles en su realización personal. Este artículo presenta un caso de estudio que identifica seis razones por las cuales las personas eligen expresarse con respecto al género por medio del drag y se comparan con seis maneras de hacer diseño activista. Concluyendo que las personas que hacen drag diseñan experiencias activistas mediante la articulación estilo-moda-vestimenta.
The role of growth hormone and IFR-1 in the formation of leukocytic blood composition in the body of calves during cultivation
Authors: Bilan E. , Derkho M.
Published: March 2022

Purpose: to evaluate the biological properties of growth hormones (GH, IGF-1) in the dairy and vegetable periods of growing Holsteinized Black-and-White heifers, determined by their ability to regulate the age-related variability of the leukocyte composition of the blood.

Materials and methods. The work was carried out in the conditions of the SPK «Koelginskoe» named after V. I. Shundeeva I. N. (Chelyabinsk region) in 2019–2020 on heifers of Holsteinized Black-and-White breed during the dairy and vegetable growing periods. Animals up to 3 months of age were kept individually, and then in groups of 10 animals. Milk and milk replacer were used in the diet of animals only up to 3 months, and then they were transferred to a plant-based diet. When compiling the feeding ration on the farm, they were guided by the norms of the VIZh. The experimental group (n=10) was formed according to the principle of approximate analogues, heifers were included in its composition after a clinical examination, which was carried out later with each blood sampling. For laboratory studies, whole blood and blood serum were used. Blood sampling was performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 13 months of age in the morning before feeding. The leukocyte composition of the blood, the concentration of growth hormone and IGF-1 were determined.

Results. It was found that the total number of leukocytes in the bloodstream of heifers increases with age by 28.06% (p<0.05), which is accompanied by an increase in the percentage of eosinophils, segmented neutrophils and monocytes in the leukogram by 45.31; 5.70 and 50.00% (p< 0.05), a decrease in lymphocytes, rodshaped neutrophils by 5.69 and 43.39% (p<0.05). The level of STH by the end of the heifer rearing period decreases by 54.32% (p <0.05), and the insulin-like growth factor type 1, on the contrary, increases by 32 times (p<0.05). The values of the correlation coefficients in the statistical matrix of STG and IGF.
Prediction of In-hospital Mortality after acute Traumatic Brain Injury managed by Tranexamic acid : Secondary exploration of CRASH-3 RCT via Automated machine learning
Authors: Haider Bangash Ali , Ullah Tauseef , Bazai Iftikhar , Khan Inayat Ullah , Khan Haris , Mushtaq Fahad , Zehra Saiqa , Abbas Syed Mohammad Mehmood , Khawaja Hashir Fahim , mohsin Rabia , khalid Ayesha , Khan Ali Danish , Baloch Adil , Shah Ali Haider
Published: March 2022

For secondary analysis of CRASH-3 RCT, automated machine learning is explored to predict in-hospital mortality among acute traumatic brain injury patients randomly assigned to Tranexamic acid management.
Jenis, bentuk, dan cara penjenjangan koperasi
Authors: Febianil
Published: March 2022

Penjenisan koperasi diatur dalam Pasal 16 Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 1992 tentang Perkoperasian yang mana menyebutkan bahwa jenis koperasi didasarkan pada kesamaan kegiatan dan kepentingan ekonomi anggotanya. Dengan demikian, sebelum kita mendirikan koperasi harus metentukan secara jelas keanggotaan dan kegiatan usaha. Dasar untuk menentukan jenis koperasi adalah kesamaan aktivitas, kepentingan dan kebutuhan ekonomi anggotanya.
Hospitalitas Kristen Terhadap Pergaulan Bebas Dikalangan Pemuda Pemudi Kristen
Authors: Fransiska Elionora
Published: March 2022

pergaulan bebas merupakan salah satu masalah yang paling marak dikalangan pemuda di dunia khususnya dalam kalangan pemuda kristen. Pemuda Kristen adalah orang-orang yang dianggap sebagai generasi penerus gereja. namun pada kenyataan yang terjadi dalam kehidupan para pemuda kristen, pergaulan bebas menjerumuskan pemuda kedalam hal yang negatif. Ada beberapa hal yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya pergaulan bebas yaitu lemahnya kontrol diri, gaya hidup modern, kurangnya kasih sayang dari keluarga, pengaruh internet, hilangnya nilai-nilai keagamaan dan lain-lain. Tulisan ini akan akan perlihatkan bagaimana hospitalitas kristen terhadap pergaulan bebas dikalangan pemuda pemudi Kristen.
Effects of Cannabis Before and After Legalisation in Canada
Authors: Sheehy James , Cherry Jared , DeSouza Joseph FX
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to understand the prevalence of self-reported cannabis induced Panic Attack (PA) in a York University Student Population and to understand if there is a relationship between cannabis induced PA and legalization in Canada. We surveyed 132 York University undergraduates and compared cannabis induced PA prevalence in users who declared they first ingested cannabis before legalization, with cannabis induced PA prevalence in users who declared they first ingested cannabis after legalization. No relationship was found, however overall cannabis induced PA prevalence was high at 34%. Consequently, it was concluded that there was no relationship between legalization and cannabis induced PAs among York University students. The salient number of cannabis users who declared the experience of cannabis induced PA may have implications for cannabis regulation in Canada.
Simulation-based Design Optimization for Statistical Power: Utilizing Machine Learning
Authors: Zimmer Felix , Debelak Rudolf
Published: March 2022

The planning of adequately powered research designs increasingly goes beyond determining a suitable sample size. More challenging scenarios demand simultaneous tuning of multiple design parameter dimensions and can only be addressed using Monte Carlo simulation if no analytical approach is available. In addition, cost considerations, e.g., in terms of monetary costs, are a relevant target for optimization. In this context, optimal design parameters can imply a desired level of power at minimum cost or maximum power at a cost threshold. We introduce a surrogate modeling framework based on machine learning predictions to solve these optimization tasks. In a simulation study, we demonstrate the efficiency for a wide range of hypothesis testing scenarios with single- and multidimensional design parameters, including t-tests, ANOVA, item response theory models, multilevel models, and multiple imputation. Our framework provides an algorithmic solution for optimizing study designs when no analytic power analysis is available, handling multiple design dimensions and cost considerations. Our implementation is publicly available in the R package mlpwr.