bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selecting materials for fastening screws for metal members and sheeting
Authors: Misiek Thomas , Käpplein Saskia , Ulbrich Detlef
Published: February 2013

This paper deals with the parameters for choosing the materials for fastening screws used in connections involving thin‐walled sections and thin sheeting. Different types of corrosion processes and repeated bending due to thermal elongation are identified as the most important parameters; these are explained in detail here. Based on that, some general recommendations for choice of material are given.
Tackling the Challenges in the Total Synthesis of Landomycin A
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Wang Ping , Yu Biao
Published: February 2013

The twists and turns toward the total synthesis of landomycin A, a prominent angucycline hexasaccharide antibiotic, in particular those toward the stereoselective construction of the di‐ and trideoxyglycosidic linkages, are described.
Correlation and statistical characteristics of aggregate wind power in large transcontinental systems
Authors: Louie Henry
Published: February 2013

Studies have shown that the unpredictability and variability of wind power is reduced in systems with large numbers of geographically diverse wind plants. These effects are caused by the decreased correlation of power output between wind plants as their separation and diversity in terrain increases. One way that system operators have increased geographic diversity is by enlarging balancing areas through the physical or administrative connection of adjacent systems. This strategy can be extended from the regional level to the transcontinental level. As such, it is important to study the correlation and statistical characteristics of aggregate wind power between large, distant systems. This paper analyzes multi‐year historical data from four North American system operators—Bonneville Power Administration, Electric Reliability Council of Texas, Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator and PJM—to see how effective transcontinental interconnection of systems is at enabling wind plant integration. The effects of separation and timescale on correlations of instantaneous and hourly variations are analyzed. The analysis is complemented by a study of a hypothetical transcontinental connection of the systems across yearly, monthly, daily and hourly timescales. The results show that correlations between large systems exhibit similar characteristics as the correlations between individual wind plants, but are somewhat larger in magnitude. The transcontinental system exhibits a close to normal distribution of power output and decreased variability, but there is still appreciable and statistically significant correlation at the longer timescales driven by seasonal and diurnal forcing, as well as synoptic weather systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypothetico‐inductive data‐based mechanistic modeling of hydrological systems
Authors: Young Peter C.
Published: February 2013

Key Points

The combination of inductive, data‐based mechanistic and conceptual modeling

State‐dependent parameter, transfer function model estimation

The use of recursive estimation to investigate model structure inadequacy
A mass‐conservative method for the integration of the two‐dimensional groundwater (Boussinesq) equation
Authors: Cordano E. , Rigon R.
Published: February 2013

Key Points

Two‐Dimensional Ground‐Water Boussinesq Equation

Mass‐conservative numerical method

Application to complex topography
Impacts of flow regulation on slackwaters in river channels
Authors: Vietz Geoff J. , Sammonds Michael J. , Stewardson Michael J.
Published: February 2013

Key Points

Slackwaters are ecologically important low velocity and shallow environments

Slackwater total area, patch area and number are explicitly related to discharge

Flow regulation halves slackwater area and reduces patch size by five times
Sensor placement strategies for snow water equivalent (SWE) estimation in the American River basin
Authors: Welch Stephen C. , Kerkez Branko , Bales Roger C. , Glaser Steven D. , Rittger Karl , Rice Robert R.
Published: February 2013

Key Points

There exists temporally stationary properties of basin‐wide SWE distribution

Temporally stationary properties of SWE can be used to inform sensor placement

A quantitative sampling method can be implemented to generate sensor placements
Two‐phase flow in rough‐walled fractures: Comparison of continuum and invasion‐percolation models
Authors: Yang Zhibing , Niemi Auli , Fagerlund Fritjof , Illangasekare Tissa
Published: February 2013

Key Points

Two different modeling approaches are compared for ranges of applicability

Results from the two models converge at low capillary number conditions

Effect of capillary number is simulated & upscaled Pc‐S relationship is obtained
Theoretical error convergence of limited forecast horizon in optimal reservoir operating decisions
Authors: You Gene Jiing‐Yun , Yu Cheng‐Wei
Published: February 2013

Key Points

Analyzing the error bound with a limited forecast for stochastic dynamic problem

Proposing a method to measure the error bound according to terminal condition

Deriving a convergence rate to evaluate
Network configuration and hydrograph sensitivity to storm kinematics
Authors: Seo Yongwon , Schmidt Arthur R.
Published: February 2013

Key Points

The effect the rainstorm movement depends on network configuration

The resonance condition is suggested as a function of network configuration

Inefficient network contributes to reduce the sensitivity to storm kinematics
The Millennium Drought in southeast Australia (2001–2009): Natural and human causes and implications for water resources, ecosystems, economy, and society
Authors: van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , Beck Hylke E. , Crosbie Russell S. , de Jeu Richard A. M. , Liu Yi Y. , Podger Geoff M. , Timbal Bertrand , Viney Neil R.
Published: February 2013

Key Points

Drivers and impacts of Australia's record drought were analyzed

Impacts accumulated and propagated through the water cycle at different rates

Future droughts may not be managed better than past ones.
Time‐varying sensitivity analysis clarifies the effects of watershed model formulation on model behavior
Authors: Herman J. D. , Reed P. M. , Wagener T.
Published: February 2013

Key Points

Dominant model processes can be counterintuitive as model complexity increases

Hydrologic modeling benefits from diagnosing time‐varying controls

Comparing controls across models shows how model formulation affects behavior
Anatomical Evaluation of a Cortical Button for Distal Biceps Tendon Repairs
Authors: Duncan Douglas , Lancaster Gerard , Marsh Stephanie G. , Michaelson Jefferey E. , Lemos Stephen E.
Published: February 2013

Background

The posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) is at risk for injury during one-incision distal biceps tendon repair using a cortical button. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proximity of a cortical button to the PIN during one-incision repairs of the distal biceps tendon using human cadaveric models.

Method

In ten cadaveric elbows the biceps tendon was identified, traced to its insertion, and transected. With the forearm supinated, a guide pin was drilled through the radial tuberosity at a 0°, perpendicular to the table. A dorsal incision was used to identify the PIN. The tendon was repaired with a cortical button, ensuring the device lay in line with the radial shaft. The distance from the device to the PIN was measured using digital calipers. This process was repeated with the guide pin aimed at 20° proximal toward the radiocapitellar joint (RCJ) and 30° distal toward the wrist. The data were compared using a Student's paired t-test.

Results

The average distance from the device to the PIN with the straight posterior insertion was 8.94 mm, 11.86 mm with 20° proximal, and 0.55 mm with 30° distal angles. The distance between the button and the PIN was significantly greater when aiming the device 20° toward the RCJ compared to the straight insertion technique ( p =0.0061).

Conclusions

The distance between the PIN and cortical button can be significantly increased by aiming the guide pin between 0° and 20° proximal toward the RCJ and placing the device in line with the radial shaft.
Promotion of thermal analgesia and neuropeptidergic skin reinnervation by 4‐methylcatechol in resiniferatoxin‐induced neuropathy
Authors: Hsiao Tin‐Hsin , Fu Yaw‐Syan , Ho Wan‐Yi , Chen Tzi‐Hsuan , Hsieh Yu‐Lin
Published: February 2013

To investigate whether 4‐methylcatechol (4MC) could decrease the duration of the thermosensation disorder and promote the innervation of peptidergic intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs), we developed a resiniferatoxin (RTX)‐induced neuropathic mouse model with thermal analgesia and skin denervation that was followed by daily 4MC treatment. On day 7 after RTX administration (RTXd7), the substance P (SP)(+) IENFs were completely depleted compared with the vehicle group (p < 0.0001), whereas the calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)(+) IENFs were dramatically, but not completely, depleted (p < 0.0001). While SP(+) IENFs remained depleted (p = 0.0043), CGRP(+) IENFs were recovered by RTXd84 (p = 0.78). 4MC had no effect on the reinnervation of SP(+) IENFs, but markedly promoted the reinnervation of CGRP(+) IENFs on RTXd35 (p = 0.035). On RTXd56, CGRP(+) IENFs were comparable with the vehicle group (p = 0.39). In addition, 4MC normalized thermal analgesia on RTXd35 compared with RTX group (p = 0.007). In the current study, the significant promotion of reinnervation of CGRP(+) IENFs and thermal latencies on RTXd35 by 4MC indicated that CGRP(+) IENFs were responsible for the thermal transmission in chronic phase of RTX‐induced neuropathy.
Theramenes Against Lysander
Authors: Munro J. A. R.
Published: February 2013

On the Athenian disaster at Aegospotami the reaction, suppressed half a dozen years before, against the régime responsible for the war and its calamitous results sprang up again with double force. The capture of the fleet, the loss of the empire, which had been a useful buffer between the selfish interests of the wealthier citizens and the predatory appetites of the proletariate, the bankruptcy of the treasury, the discredit of the whole democratic system, the grim privations of the blockade, and the imminent return of the exiles eager for power and vengeance, all portended the speedy downfall of the constitution, should the victorious enemy leave it standing. Yet the progress of the revolution was slower than might have been expected. In fact the oligarchs were at first crippled by the absence of their banished chiefs, andthroughout they had to reckon not only with a people which had long enjoyed liberty and empireand with a democratic administration already in office, but also with the middle party, disgusted indeed with the existing form of government but unwilling to substitute for it the rule ofa narrow privileged class, and led by a statesman of great ability and experience.
The poetics of resistance and the politics of crossing borders: Korean hip-hop and ‘cultural reterritorialisation’
Authors: Um Hae-Kyung
Published: February 2013

This paper examines the ways in which hip-hop has taken root in Korean popular culture. The processes that began in the early 1990s include appropriation, adaptation and ‘cultural reterritorialisation’. By looking at recent Korean hip-hop outputs and their associated contexts, this paper explores the ways in which Korean hip-hop has gained its local specificities. This was achieved by combining and recontextualising Afro-American and Korean popular musical elements and aesthetics in its performance and identification in the context of the consumption and commodification of Korean hip-hop as a ‘national(ised) cultural product’.
Numerical investigation of the effects of smoothing by spectral dispersion on stimulated rotational Raman scattering
Authors: Fan X.M. , Lu Z.W. , Lin D.Y. , Yang F. , Liu Y. , Dong Y.K. , Zhu C.Y. , Hasi W.L.J.
Published: February 2013

The effect of smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) on stimulated rotational Raman scattering (SRRS) in air has been investigated both numerically and theoretically. The suppression effect of SSD on SRRS process is verified and it is demonstrated and proposed that the suppression effect is attributed to two aspects: the decreasing of the laser fluence modulation degree and the reducing of Stokes gain coefficient caused by the temporal and spatial variation of the phase of the incident laser pulse. The simulation results show that the SRRS threshold distance can be lengthened by choosing appropriate SSD parameters.
Navigation of non-communicating autonomous mobile robots with guaranteed connectivity
Authors: Cezayirli Ahmet , Kerestecioğlu Feza
Published: February 2013

We consider the connectivity of autonomous mobile robots. The robots navigate using simple local steering rules without requiring explicit communication among themselves. We show that using only position information of neighbors, the group connectivity can be sustained even in the case of bounded position measurement errors and the occlusion of robots by other robots in the group. In implementing the proposed scheme, sub-optimal solutions are invoked to avoid an excessive computational burden. We also discuss the possibility of deadlock which may bring the group to a standstill and show that the proposed methodology avoids such a scenario in real-life settings.
Using automated planning for improving data mining processes
Authors: Fernández Susana , de la Rosa Tomás , Fernández Fernando , Suárez Rubén , Ortiz Javier , Borrajo Daniel , Manzano David
Published: February 2013

This paper presents a distributed architecture for automating data mining (DM) processes using standard languages. DM is a difficult task that relies on an exploratory and analytic process of processing large quantities of data in order to discover meaningful patterns. The increasing heterogeneity and complexity of available data requires some expert knowledge on how to combine the multiple and alternative DM tasks to process the data. Here, we describe DM tasks in terms of Automated Planning, which allows us to automate the DM knowledge flow construction. The work is based on the use of standards that have been defined in both DM and automated-planning communities. Thus, we use PMML (Predictive Model Markup Language) to describe DM tasks. From the PMML, a problem description in PDDL (Planning Domain Definition Language) can be generated, so any current planning system can be used to generate a plan. This plan is, again, translated to a DM workflow description, Knowledge Flow for Machine Learning format (Knowledge Flow file for the WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) tool), so the plan or DM workflow can be executed in WEKA.
Learning Individualism: Hesse, Confucius, and Pep-Rallies in a Chinese Rural High School
Authors: Hansen Mette Halskov
Published: February 2013

In Chinese public discourse, it has almost become a truism that the generation born after the mid-1980s is more selfish, individualistic, and materialistic than previous generations. Consequently, an important task for public moral education is to correct this behaviour and to generate compassion for others beyond the family, to strengthen nationalist sentiments and to imbue a sense of duty to the greater community. Schools provide the Chinese government with a key opportunity to achieve this. Based on fieldwork in a rural high school in China, this article demonstrates how the official visions of the learned individual portrayed in textbooks collide with a more powerful ideology of individualism that is implicitly promoted through activities within the school, and is reflective of an ongoing process of individualization, not only in Chinese society, but also within state institutions, such as the school.
Multiple outbreaks of a novel norovirus GII.4 linked to an infected post-symptomatic food handler
Authors: THORNLEY C. N. , HEWITT J. , PERUMAL L. , VAN GESSEL S. M. , WONG J. , DAVID S. A. , RAPANA J. P. , LI S. , MARSHALL J. C. , GREENING G. E.
Published: February 2013

Multiple norovirus outbreaks following catered events in Auckland, New Zealand, in September 2010 were linked to the same catering company and investigated. Retrospective cohort studies were undertaken with attendees of two events: 38 (24·1%) of 158 surveyed attendees developed norovirus-compatible illness. Attendees were at increased risk of illness if they had consumed food that had received manual preparation following cooking or that had been prepared within 45 h following end of symptoms in a food handler with prior gastroenteritis. All food handlers were tested for norovirus. A recombinant norovirus GII.e/GII.4 was detected in specimens from event attendees and the convalescent food handler. All catering company staff were tested; no asymptomatic norovirus carriers were detected. This investigation improved the characterization of norovirus risk from post-symptomatic food handlers by narrowing the potential source of transmission to one individual. Food handlers with gastroenteritis should be excluded from the workplace for 45 h following resolution of symptoms.
Une composante «émotive» dans les constructions articulées par unetd'opposition?
Authors: CORMINBOEUF GILLES
Published: February 2013

Dans des enchaînements que l'on interprète adversativement, commeL'homme est né libre, et partout il est dans les fers(Rousseau,Du contrat social), le choix deet(plutôt quepourtantoumaisqui marqueraient l'opposition) n'est pas anodin. En conjoignant des prédications contradictoires au moyen deet, on transmet implicitement un genre d’«émotion» (ici une incrimination). Ce jugement de valeur véhiculéimplicitementpar l'enchaînement de deux énonciations est sans doute un des ressorts de l'expressivité (notion rarement définie) dont la parataxe est réputée être l'auxiliaire. Ces contradictions sont des stratégies raisonnables, dans la mesure où elles visent un implicite que l'allocutaire devra reconstruire lui-même pour surmonter ce qui, en apparence, constitue un paradoxe.
Erythrocytosis and severe asphyxia: two different causes of neonatal myocardial infarction
Authors: Caruso Elio , Di Pino Alfredo , Poli Daniela , Manuri Lucia , Guccione Paolo
Published: February 2013

Neonatal acute myocardial infarction is a rare event that carries a high mortality rate. We describe the cases of two newborns who survived acute myocardial infarction and discuss the management. The first neonate was born with severe asphyxia and left ventricular myocardial infarction with ventricular tachycardia. In this patient, systemic flow was maintained by right-to-left shunting through the patent ductus arteriosus. The second neonate presented with a haematocrit of 80% and an inferolateral myocardial infarction. Intensive treatment of low cardiac output syndrome led to survival of both high-risk neonates. In the follow-up, at 48 and 4 months, respectively, ventricular function recovered in both patients.
Comparative risk of cardiac catheterisations performed on low birth weight neonates
Authors: Mobley Meghan M. , Stroup Richard E. , Kaine Stephen F.
Published: February 2013

To determine whether cardiac catheterisation procedures for low birth weight neonates ≤2.5 kg carries a greater risk of complications compared with neonates >2.5 kg, we conducted a single-centre retrospective case–control study. From 01/03 to 01/09, 46 consecutive neonates <2.5 kg at the time of cardiac catheterisation were identified. For each low birth weight case, three control patients >2.5 kg were randomly selected from our heart centre database during the same time period. Data included demographic characteristics, type of intervention, fluoroscopy time, contrast volume, pre- and post-blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio, physician performing procedure, procedural risk category, and all major and minor complications. The overall incidence of complications was higher in neonates ≤2.5 kg compared with neonates >2.5 kg (34.8% versus 17.6%, p = 0.023) because of a greater proportion of minor complications (34.8% versus 16.9%, p = 0.021). When specific minor complications were stratified, there was a greater incidence of hypotension requiring intravenous fluids in neonates ≤2.5 kg (6.5% versus 0%, p = 0.015). After controlling for physician performing procedure and risk category, neonates ≤2.5 kg remained at a higher risk for any complication (adjusted odds ratio = 3.2, 95% confidence interval 1.4–7.2, p = 0.005). The percentage of neonates having at least one major complication was not higher in the ≤2.5-kg group (2.2% versus 2.2%). No procedural deaths occurred in either group.
Late complications and pathological findings of the arterial switch operation
Authors: Enomoto Yoshinori , Mogi Kenji , Takahara Yoshiharu
Published: February 2013

We describe aortic root dilatation, severe aortic regurgitation, and pulmonary artery stenosis that were accidentally diagnosed 23 years after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries in situs inversus. We successfully performed the modified Bentall procedure and pulmonary artery reconstruction. The pathology of the dilated aortic root revealed intimal atherosclerosis and linear necrosis of the tunica media, suggesting the vulnerability of the pulmonary artery to systemic pressure.
FINNIS ON THE AUTHORITY OF LAW AND THE COMMON GOOD
Authors: Duke George
Published: February 2013

This paper seeks to elucidate the role played by the common good in John Finnis's arguments for a generic and presumptive moral obligation to obey the law.1Finnis's appeal to the common good constitutes a direct challenge to liberal and philosophical anarchist denials of a generic and presumptive obligation to obey the law.2It is questionable, however, whether Finnis has presented the strongest possible case for his position. In the first section I outline Finnis's account of the relationship between basic goods, the common good, and the authority of law. Section II demonstrates how Finnis's emphasis upon the instrumental nature of the common good leaves his position vulnerable to Joseph Raz's objections3that not all cases of law make a moral difference and that governmental authority is often unnecessary to resolve coordination problems. I argue that Raz's critique nonetheless fails adequately to address an alternative defense of the existence of a generic and presumptive obligation to obey the law, suggested by some passages in Finnis's work, according to which the common good is integral, rather than merely instrumental, to the good of individuals. In the final section I consider whether Finnis could strengthen his case for a generic and presumptive obligation to obey the law by adopting a more consistently robust—and hence also more contentious—account of the common good.
Barriers and facilitators of consumer use of nutrition labels at sit-down restaurant chains
Authors: Auchincloss Amy H , Young Candace , Davis Andrea L , Wasson Sara , Chilton Mariana , Karamanian Vanesa
Published: February 2013

Objective

Numerous localities have mandated that chain restaurants post nutrition information at the point of purchase. However, some studies suggest that consumers are not highly responsive to menu labelling. The present qualitative study explored influences on full-service restaurant customers’ noticing and using menu labelling.

Design

Five focus groups were conducted with thirty-six consumers. A semi-structured script elicited barriers and facilitators to using nutrition information by showing excerpts of real menus from full-service chain restaurants.

Setting

Participants were recruited from a full-service restaurant chain in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, in September 2011.

Subjects

Focus group participants were mostly female, African American, with incomes <$US 60 000, mean age 36 years and education 14·5 years. At recruitment, 33 % (n 12) reported changing their order after seeing nutrition information on the menu.

Results

Three themes characterized influences on label use in restaurants: nutrition knowledge, menu design and display, and normative attitudes and behaviours. Barriers to using labels were low prior knowledge of nutrition; displaying nutrition information using codes; low expectations of the nutritional quality of restaurant food; and restaurant discounts, promotions and social influences that overwhelmed interest in nutrition and reinforced disinterest in nutrition. Facilitators were higher prior knowledge of recommended daily intake; spending time reading the menu; having strong prior interest in nutrition/healthy eating; and being with people who reinforced dietary priorities.

Conclusions

Menu labelling use may increase if consumers learn a few key recommended dietary reference values, understand basic energy intake/expenditure scenarios and if chain restaurants present nutrition information in a user-friendly way and promote healthier items.
Charles Burney; or, the Philosophical Misfortune of a Liberal Musician
Authors: MAHIET DAMIEN
Published: February 2013

The moral and political propriety of musical pleasure constituted one of Charles Burney's continuous lines of thought from the 1770s to the 1790s. As a public figure, the music historian found himself called upon to state why music matters – in a preface, a dedication or an essay. Like Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Burney read in musical performances symptoms of contemporary society and politics, but, unlike Rousseau, he perceived in modern music signs of civilization's progress. Musical excellence, according to Burney, required both freedom and affluence; thus while Burney rejected absolutist monarchy, he nevertheless praised the achievements of court culture. Indeed, his advocacy of music as an ‘innocent luxury’ reads as an addendum to eighteenth-century disputes on the morality and benefits of luxury. The social implications of this definition of music, however, are problematic: while Burney acknowledged the right of each individual to feel as they please, he also claimed for the music critic the exclusive authority to speak publicly about music. This essay explores these aspects of Burney's political philosophy of music in relation to the works of Rousseau, Montesquieu, Avison, Wollstonecraft and Hume.
Youth, Capitivity and Virtue in the Eighteenth-CenturyKindertruppen
Authors: MUELLER ADELINE
Published: February 2013

This article uses Mozart's unfinished singspielZaide(k336b, 1780) and its source singspielDas Serailto reconsider the eighteenth-centuryKindertruppen: wandering troupes of young singers, actors and dancers who performed in the court and commercial theatres of Europe. These troupes' repertoire often self-consciously addressed the blend of charm and impropriety that lay behind their controversial appeal. I consider the subgenre of seraglio opera – popular with both youth and adult troupes – and in particular the motifs of the audition scene and the captive's lament as metatheatrical commentaries on the cultural politics of operatic spectatorship. When young actors inhabited the fictional seraglio, their display offered compelling corroboration of contemporary discourse about propriety, naturalness and absorption in the theatre, as well as the new sense of urgency regarding the sheltering of youthful virtue.
Optimization of a broadband directional gain microstrip patch antenna for X–Ku band application
Authors: Khare Anubhuti , Nema Rajesh
Published: February 2013

In this paper, optimization of a microstrip patch antenna is presented. The optimization uses a genetic algorithm in the IE3DTMSimulator. The optimization is done in several steps, first by changing the position of parasitic patches on the top layer, second by placing a feeding patch at the middle layer of geometry, and third by indirect coupling between the top and middle layer patches. Overall, we have performed many possible iterations and found appropriate geometry. From this appropriate geometry we have achieved maximum directional gain (6.2–8.8 dBi) over a 6 GHz bandwidth slot, 38% impedance bandwidth of the X-band and 14.8% impedance bandwidth of the Ku-band. The broadband frequency of operation is demonstrated by single geometry. The geometry of a single probe fed rectangular microstrip antenna incorporating a slot, gap coupled with a parasitic and an active patch on geometry, has been studied. We have investigated the height between active and parasitic patches as 0.0525λ and the height between parasitic patches itself as 0.0525λ. We have investigated the enhancement in maximum directional gain by stacking geometry with one active patch and two parasitic patches of different dimensions. This optimized antenna is used for X-band and Ku-band applications. The hardware validation and simulation results are matched to the proposed design.
Application of embedding dimension estimation to Volterra series-based behavioral modeling and predistortion of wideband RF power amplifier
Authors: Fehri Bilel , Boumaiza Slim
Published: February 2013

This paper expounds the systematic modeling of the behavior of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) exhibiting nonlinear, dynamic behavior. The approach begins with an analysis of the PA output signal to deduce the minimum embedding parameters required to accurately model its response, particularly the nonlinearity order and memory effects depth. The knowledge of the RF PA is then exploited in limiting the number of kernels consequently addressing the complexity of the Volterra series which has been the key hindrance to its wider practical adoption. In the proposed Volterra series model, performance is assessed and compared to memory polynomial model and dynamic deviation reduction Volterra models when used to linearize different high-power amplifiers driven with wideband signals of bandwidth up to 40 MHz. Significant linearization performance is achieved using a reduced number of kernels.
Drug treatments for schizophrenia: pragmatism in trial design shows lack of progress in drug design
Authors: Cheng F. , Jones P. B.
Published: February 2013

Aims.

The introduction of second generation antipsychotic (SGA) medication over a decade ago led to changes in prescribing practices; these drugs have eclipsed their predecessors as treatments for schizophrenia. However, the metabolic side effects of these newer antipsychotics have been marked and there are increasing concerns as to whether these novel drugs really are superior to their predecessors in terms of the balance between risks and benefits. In this article, we review the literature regarding comparisons between first generation antipsychotic (FGA) and SGA in terms of clinical effectiveness.

Methods.

Large (n > 150) randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness (efficacy and side effects) of FGA and SGA medications other than clozapine were reviewed, as were meta-analyses that included smaller studies.

Results.

The superiority in efficacy and reduced extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE) of SGAs is modest, especially when compared with low-dose FGAs. However, the high risk of weight gain and other metabolic disturbances associated with certain SGAs such as olanzapine is markedly higher than the risk with FGAs at the doses used in the trials.

Conclusions.

The efficacy profiles of various FGAs and SGAs are relatively similar, but their side effects vary between and within classes. Overall, large pragmatic trials of clinical effectiveness indicate that the care used in prescribing and managing drug treatments to ensure tolerability may be more important than the class of drug used.
Kinetic Analysis of Drug–Target Interactions with PET for Characterization of Pharmacological Hysteresis
Authors: Salinas Cristian , Weinzimmer David , Searle Graham , Labaree David , Ropchan Jim , Huang Yiyun , Rabiner Eugenii A , Carson Richard E , Gunn Roger N
Published: February 2013

In vivo characterization of the brain pharmacokinetics of novel compounds provides important information for drug development decisions involving dose selection and the determination of administration regimes. In this context, the compound-target affinity is the key parameter to be estimated. However, if compounds exhibit a dynamic lag between plasma and target bound concentrations leading to pharmacological hysteresis, care needs to be taken to ensure the appropriate modeling approach is used so that the system is characterized correctly and that the resultant estimates of affinity are correct. This work focuses on characterizing different pharmacokinetic models that relate the plasma concentration to positron emission tomography outcomes measurements (e.g., volume of distribution and target occupancy) and their performance in estimating the true in vivo affinity. Measured (histamine H3 receptor antagonist—GSK189254) and simulated data sets enabled the investigation of different modeling approaches. An indirect pharmacokinetic-receptor occupancy model was identified as a suitable model for the calculation of affinity when a compound exhibits pharmacological hysteresis.
Solid state switch for gigahertz coded signal ultrasound microscopy
Authors: Meriläinen A.I. , Fabritius T. , Eskelinen J. , Hæggström E.
Published: February 2013

Presented is a solution for ultrasonic microscopy that permits using coded gigahertz signals. It features a high frequency arbitrary signal source (upconverted quadrature I‐Q modulation), a solid state switch, and a preamplifier. Commercial 3 GHz solid state switches that handle 15 Vpp signals and a 0.01–1.2 GHz low noise preamplifier (3.3 dB noise figure) were used, all developed for wireless networking. The device was validated with a custom built ultrasound immersion microscope by imaging a 5 µm‐tall MEMS step structure using 100–300 MHz, 3 µs, 10.5 Vpp linear chirp excitation.
Hardware‐efficient tree expansion for MIMO symbol detection
Authors: Kong B.Y. , Park I.‐C.
Published: February 2013

A simple yet effective method is proposed to reduce the hardware complexity of tree expansion in multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) symbol detection. Tree‐expansion equations are transformed in the proposed method so as to maximise common subexpressions that can be shared. The proposed method reduces the number of operators significantly, especially multipliers which are costly, without any degradation of bit error rate.
Compressive sensing via reweighted TV and nonlocal sparsity regularisation
Authors: Dong W. , Yang X. , Shi G.
Published: February 2013

Total variation (TV) regularisation has been widely used for compressive sensing (CS) reconstruction. However, since TV regularisers favour piecewise constant solutions, they tend to produce over‐smoothed image edges. To overcome this drawback, proposed is a novel iteratively reweighted TV regulariser for CS reconstruction. Spatially adaptive weights are computed towards a maximum a posteriori estimation of the image gradients. To exploit the nonlocal redundancy, effective nonlocal sparsity regularisation has also been introduced into the proposed objective function. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CS reconstruction method outperforms significantly existing TV‐based CS reconstruction methods.
Initial settings of Berlekamp‐Massey algorithm for efficient hardware implementation
Authors: Lu Y.K. , Shieh M.D.
Published: February 2013

The Berlekamp‐Massey (BM) algorithm is a well‐known decoding approach for solving the key equation in Reed‐Solomon decoding. Many efficient BM‐based algorithms and architectures have been presented in recent years. Introduced are different initial settings of the BM algorithm that can reduce cost and power consumption for VLSI implementation. In addition, the new initialisation scheme eliminates one iteration of the algorithm, thus lowering computational complexity.
Dielectric sensor for in vivo tissue characterisation
Authors: Hahn C. , Noghanian S.
Published: February 2013

The design of a simple dielectric sensor for in vivo tissue dielectric property measurement is provided. The design is based on an impedance sensor.
Nonparametric sparse discriminant analysis for dimensionality reduction ‐ RETRACTED
Authors: Sun H. , Du C. , Zou H.X. , Ji K.F.
Published: February 2013

RETRACTED
Address event representation neuromorphics to epiretinal colour vision
Authors: Jameson A. , Chester E.G. , Yakovlev A.
Published: February 2013

Presented is a methodology of conversion of a conventional colour measure, e.g. 24‐bit colour, to a neuromorphic representation for use with epiretinal prostheses. The conversion implemented, for a 4 by 4 image, within a field programmable gate array outputs three groups of timing signals. These three groups correspond to red (R), green (G) and blue (B) colour channels. In future work the channels will input to a retinal implant stimulator, via a receiver chip housed over the earlobe of a prosthesis recipient, to form biphasic pulses to drive electrodes stimulating the axons of colour specific retinal ganglion cells. A test setup was used to encode the hue pulses back to intensity to display test images on a VGA monitor for validation.
SOI high‐voltage LDMOS with novel triple‐layer top silicon based on thin BOX
Authors: Hu S.D. , Zhang L. , Luo J. , Tan K.Z. , Chen W.S. , Gan P. , Zhou X.C. , Zhu Z.
Published: February 2013

A novel SOI high‐voltage LDMOS with a triple‐layer top silicon (TLTS) is investigated. The top silicon layer of the TLTS LDMOS consists of n− silicon with a p‐top layer, p− silicon in the middle, and n+ silicon on the interface. On the condition of high‐voltage blocking state, the electric fields of the drift region and BOX are modulated and optimised by the triple‐layer top silicon, respectively, which induces a high BV of 624 V for the TLTS LDMOS with a thin buried oxide layer (BOX) of 0.4 µm. Compared with several SOI devices, the proposed TLTS LDMOS has a higher figure‐of‐merit.
5.3A/400V normally‐off AlGaN/GaN‐on‐Si MOS‐HEMT with high threshold voltage and large gate swing
Authors: Dong Zhihua , Tan Shuxin , Cai Yong , Chen Hongwei , Liu Shenghou , Xu Jicheng , Xue Lu , Yu Guohao , Wang Yue , Zhao Desheng , Hou Keyu , Chen Kevin J. , Zhang Baoshun
Published: February 2013

Normally‐off AlGaN/GaN metal‐oxide‐semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MOS‐HEMTs) on Si substrate were fabricated with the fluorine‐based treatment technique. By employing a 20nm‐thick Al2O3 gate dielectric deposited by atomic layer deposition, the fabricated MOS‐HEMT exhibits a large positive threshold voltage of + 3.5V, a maximum gate input voltage of 15V, a maximum saturate drain current of 5.3A and an off‐state breakdown voltage of 402V. The high threshold voltage and the large input voltage swing is expected to improve the electromagnetic interference immunity and safety of AlGaN/GaN MOS‐HEMT power switches.
Impact of dispersion slope on performance of fibre‐optic‐parametric‐amplifier‐based all‐optical amplitude limiter
Authors: Matsumoto M.
Published: February 2013

The high‐speed amplitude limiting performance of a saturated fibre‐optic parametric amplifier is numerically studied. It is shown that walk‐off between the pump and signal pulses caused by a large dispersion slope makes the saturation behaviour less efficient and induces interaction between neighbouring signal pulses mediated by temporally‐broadened pump depletion, both of which degrade the limiter performance.
On‐chip temperature compensation for optical transmitter modules
Authors: Sangirov J. , Park T.‐W. , Ukaegbu I.A. , Lee T.‐W. , Park H.‐H.
Published: February 2013

On‐chip temperature compensation (TC) for optical transmitter (Tx) modules is reported. The TC block is integrated in common silicon (Si)‐substrate with the Tx and demonstrates the ability to maintain a constant VCSEL output light power without an additional monitoring photodiode. Designed and fabricated in a 0.13 µm technology, the Tx with a TC block operates at up to 5 Gbit/s. A BER of less than 10− 12 is achieved at a received input power of − 3 dBm, with a 1.3 dBm variation of received power for a temperature increase of 20–100°C at 5 Gbit/s data rate. The percentage error of the temperature compensated Tx output light power is ± 3%. The Tx module consumes a power of 20 mW at 1.3 V, including the TC block.
Pixel‐domain Wyner‐Ziv residual video coder with adaptive binary‐to‐Gray code converting process
Authors: Kim Jin‐Soo , Kim Jae‐Gon , Choi Haechul , Seo Kwang‐Deok
Published: February 2013

A pixel‐domain Wyner‐Ziv residual video coding scheme is presented. In this scheme, based on the statistical distribution characteristics of the residual signal, an adaptive binary‐to‐Gray code converting process is designed so that virtual channel noises can be lowered over bit‐planes. Through simulations, it is shown that the best case performs better than the DISCOVER scheme as well as the worst case.
Parzen classification in generalised dissimilarity spaces
Authors: Trujillo‐Pulgarín C.A. , Orozco‐Alzate M.
Published: February 2013

The dissimilarity representation for pattern recognition has proved to be a feasible alternative to the traditional feature based approach. It is shown that the application of the Parzen classifier, in the so‐called generalised dissimilarity space by feature lines, may improve the recognition performance obtained by other classification rules in the original dissimilarity space and in the generalised dissimilarity space.
Lowpass filter with reduced fractal defected ground structure
Authors: Kufa M. , Raida Z.
Published: February 2013

Presented is the design of a planar lowpass filter with stubs separated by transmission lines. To minimise dimensions, the filter is completed by a fractal defected‐ground structure (DGS). The fractal DGS filter requires a 20% smaller substrate compared to a conventional filter with stubs.
High‐voltage superjunction VDMOS with low reverse recovery loss
Authors: Zhu J. , Yang Z. , Sun W.F. , Qian Q.S. , Xu S. , Yi Y.B.
Published: February 2013

A new design of the high‐voltage superjunction VDMOS (SJ‐VDMOS) structure is proposed to minimise the reverse recovery losses of the body diode and the noise during the switching process. The key feature of the structure is that a discontinuous P + region in the source is implemented which can decrease the carrier injection efficiency. Numerical results indicate that the reverse recovery charge and the overshoot voltage of the proposed structure is decreased by 76.5% and 52.5%, respectively, compared to the conventional SJ‐VDMOS structure, while maintaining the same breakdown voltage.
Analysis of jet engine modulation effect with extended Hilbert‐Huang transform
Authors: Park J.H. , Lim H. , Myung N.H.
Published: February 2013

The jet engine modulation (JEM) effect is widely used for radar target identification. The Hilbert‐Huang transform (HHT), a high‐resolution time‐frequency technique, is extended in order to make an effective JEM analysis. The simulation and measurement results show that the extended HHT not only extracts jet engine features but also definitely exhibits sinusoidal waveforms of rotation‐induced micro‐Doppler signatures. It also has better applicability for signatures corrupted by noise than other conventional time‐frequency techniques.
Spatial correlation of rainfall over Europe investigated through statistical dependence index
Authors: Luini L. , Capsoni C.
Published: February 2013

The spatial correlation of rainfall over Europe is investigated. A full year of 1 km × 1 km composite rain maps, collected by the British NIMROD weather radar network over an area as wide as 1000 km × 600 km, is used to calculate the rain rate statistical dependence index χ for separation distances D up to 1000 km. The average trend of χ with distance derived from NIMROD rain maps is compared with the findings obtained from rainfall data collected in Italy and Spain in previous work, with the aim of extending the assessment of the rainfall spatial correlation to continental scale. Results indicate that the average decorrelation trend of χ tends to be similar throughout Europe.
Low complexity method for DOA estimation using array covariance matrix sparse representation
Authors: He Z.Q. , Liu Q.H. , Jin L.N. , Ouyang S.
Published: February 2013

A low complexity method for direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation via array covariance matrix sparse representation is proposed, in which DOA estimation can be cast as the sparse recovery problem of only a single measurement vector when multiple snapshots are available. Based on the Khatri‐Rao product, the proposed method shows an extended‐aperture and leads to a significant improvement in the resolution limit. Simulation results confirm the efficacy of the proposed method.
Remotely monitoring offshore wind turbines via ZigBee networks embedded with an advanced routing strategy
Authors: Song Yongduan , Wang Bikun , Li Bin , Zeng Yu , Wang Lei
Published: February 2013

As better wind speeds are available offshore compared to on land, offshore wind power contribution in terms of electricity supplied is higher, thus more and more offshore wind turbines have been and will be deployed. However, the severe offshore conditions make it necessary to develop reliable and cost-effective real-time monitoring system when building offshore wind power farms. This paper proposes an innovative method for designing remote monitoring system for offshore wind turbines based on ZigBee wireless sensor networks. ZigBee networks carrying variety of sensors actively collect dynamic data related to the system operation status, including parameters of the mechanical unit and electrical unit as well as the operation environment. Each wind turbine itself represents a single wireless network, which sends information to remote monitoring center by GPRS module to achieve full wireless communication. To enhance the topologic efficiency and reduce the energy consumption of the networks, an optimized routing algorithm is developed. A physical system based on such method is developed. Analysis and experiment tests with real wind farm data indicate that the developed system works fairly well. The fundamental idea as studied in this work is of great value for building reliable and affordable real-time monitoring systems for wind farms (offshore and on land) with enhanced safety and efficiency.
Longitudinal and transverse disturbances in unbounded, gas-fluidized beds
Authors: Mandich K. , Cattolica R. J.
Published: February 2013

A temporal linear stability analysis is performed on the continuum-averaged equations of motion for the fluid and dispersed particle phases which describe a uniform, boundless fluidized bed. The present analysis considers disturbances ranging from purely transverse to purely longitudinal, with respect to the flow direction of the base-state fluid velocity. It is found that disturbances over the entire horizontal-vertical wavenumber spectrum may be unstable, although the dominant disturbance is either the classically recognized longitudinal disturbance travelling in the vertical direction or a non-oscillating, purely transverse disturbance. The nature of the preferred mode depends upon the dimensionless parameters of the system. For all parameter cases the growth constants of the two modes remain within an order of magnitude of each other, thereby highlighting the importance of both modes in stability considerations of this system. Dispersion relations for each of the separated horizontal and vertical modes are derived and long-wavelength analyses are performed on the corresponding relations. It is shown that the unstable transverse mode shares similar mechanisms with the longitudinal mode, and that the dominant stabilizing mechanism for each mode is the same for closely-packed beds.