bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isotope geochemistry in archaeology
Authors: Moffat Ian
Published: December 2021

Isotope geochemistry is an important scientific technique that has made a significant contribution to archaeological research. Isotope techniques measure the relative abundance of a number of nuclides of the same (or derivative) element as a means of investigating a variety of natural processes. Both stable (H, O, C, N, Ca, Sr, Cu, Pb, S) and unstable (U, Th, K, Ar) isotope systems are analyzed as part of archaeological investigations.Isotopes (often referred to as a nuclide in the singular) are variants of a particular element, which share the same number of protons but have varying numbers of neutrons. Isotopes are referred to as stable or unstable, depending on whether they undergo radioactive decay. Some nuclides are primordial, meaning they have existed since the beginning of the universe, while others are the product of the decay of other elements. Isotopes of the same element generally share the same chemical behavior.Stable isotopes can be applied to studying a variety of processes with their applicability to specific problems depending on the mechanism by which one nuclide becomes naturally enriched or depleted. The basis of the application of some stable isotopes is that the variation in their atomic mass leads them to behave differently during processes such as evaporation, precipitation, freezing, photosynthesis, and incorporation into the body. Another approach is based on taking advantage of the varying abundance of some stable isotopes within different geological units to allow proveniencing of various materials. This can only be achieved if the isotope ratios remain unchanged after incorporation into the sample.Unstable isotopes are most commonly used as a geochronological tool for establishing the age of materials such as organics, calcium carbonates, and igneous rocks. Unstable nuclides that have either too many or too few neutrons spontaneously transform by beta decay, alpha decay, or spontaneous nuclear fission. The decay speed can be calibrated to time and is usually expressed as a “half-life.” On the basis of a known decay rate and original abundance ratio, the comparison of the relative abundance of a stable nuclide to an unstable nuclide can provide an age estimation of the material studied. In the case of radiocarbon dating, the abundance of 14C in the sample is compared to modern levels of 14C.Isotope analysis can be performed directly on archaeological materials or on geological materials to provide a context for archaeological sites. A particular advantage of using isotopic methods in archaeological investigations is that it provides quantifiable information that can be compared to the material culture record.
MENYUSUN LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Nirwana
Published: December 2021

Laporan keuangan adalah laporan yang berisi pencatatan uang dan transaksi yang terjadi dalam bisnis baik transaksi pembelia nmaupun transaks ipenjualan dan transaksi lainnya yang memiliki nilai ekonomin dan moneter. Tujuan keselruham dari laporan keangan adalah untutk memeberikan informasi berguna bagi investor dan kredito rdalam penganbilan keputusan investaj idan kredit.
Mapping unmarked graves with ground penetrating radar at the Walkerville Wesleyan cemetery, Adelaide
Authors: Moffat Ian , Linsell John , Vella Anthea , Duke Belinda , Kowlessar Jarrad , Griffith John Gareth , Down Allison
Published: December 2021

A Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey was undertaken to map unmarked graves within the historic Walkerville Wesleyan Cemetery in Adelaide. The survey revealed 168 probable graves, 20 possible graves and 68 additional graves containing more than one interment. Our results demonstrate the utility of geophysical methods, specifically GPR, as a non invasive tool for managing the cultural heritage of cemetery sites and suggest that this method could play a more significant role in Australian archaeology.
Fish otolith geochemistry, environmental conditions and human occupation at Lake Mungo, Australia
Authors: Long Kelsie , Stern Nicola , Williams Ian S. , Wood Rachel , Sporcic Katarina , Smith Tegan , Fallon Stewart , Kokkonen Harri , Moffat Ian , Grün Rainer
Published: December 2021

Fish otoliths from the Willandra Lakes Region World Heritage Area (south-western New South Wales, Australia) have been analysed for oxygen isotopes and trace elements using in situ techniques, and dated by radiocarbon. The study focused on the lunettes of Lake Mungo, an overflow lake that only filled during flooding events and emptied by evaporation, and Lake Mulurulu, which was part of the running Willandra Creek system. Samples were collected from two different contexts: from hearths directly associated with human activity, and isolated surface finds. AMS radiocarbon dating constrains the human activity documented by five different hearths to a time span of less than 240 years around 19,350 cal. BP. These hearths were constructed in aeolian sediments with alternating clay and sand layers, indicative of fluctuating lake levels and occasional drying out. The geochemistry of the otoliths confirms this scenario, with shifts in Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca marking the entry of the fish into Lake Mungo several years before their death, and a subsequent increase in the δ18O by ∼4‰ indicating increasing evaporation of the lake. During sustained lake-full conditions there are considerably fewer traces of human presence. It seems that the evaporating Lake Mungo attracted people to harvest fish that might have become sluggish through oxygen starvation in an increasingly saline water body (easy prey hypothesis). In contrast, surface finds have a much wider range in radiocarbon age as a result of reworking, and do not necessarily indicate evaporative conditions, as shown by comparison with otoliths from upstream Lake Mulurulu.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN SYARIAH
Authors: Noer Muh. Afta
Published: December 2021

Pemasaran bukan hanya aktivitas-aktivitas yang terjadi sebelum produk dimulai dan merupakan suatu system dari kegiatan-kegiatan yang saling berhubungan mulai dari merencanakan, menentukan harga, mempromosikan dan mendistribusikan barang dan jasa kepada konsumen. Pemasaran didalam literatur fiqih Islam disebutkan wakalah atau perwakilan. Marketing syariah diartikan sebagai suatu disiplin unit bisnis strategis yang diarahkan kepada suatu proses dimana terdapat perubahan nilai serta penawaran dari satu penggagas kepada bagian yang lain dalam keseluruhannya sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip kegiatan muamalah dalam Islam.
Criminal Act In Health System
Authors: Budiarsih Budiarsih
Published: December 2021

Crime in the Health System provides a view that public policy is related from policy formulation, implementation to evaluation. Theoretically, the movement of activities from beginning to end becomes a related whole. Thus, the success of implementation can be related to the formulation process which is very close to empirical conditions. This is also related to the evaluation that improves the performance of the policy so that it can enhance success in achieving its goals
Kelompok kerja & komunikasi dalam organisasi
Authors: Anwar Khaerul
Published: December 2021

Kelompok kerja dan komunikasi sebagai salah satu kunci agar fungsi implementasidan pengarahan dapat berjalan secara efektif. Perlu disadari bahwa organisasi adalahkumpulan orang-orang atau kumpulan individu dengan berbagai karakteristik motif danpotensi. Ketik tujuan hendak dicapai, maka setiap individu perlu menyadari bahwa selaindirinya merupakan individu yang memiliki motif, namun juga merupakan bagian dari sebuahkelompok atau kumpulan, yaitu organisasi. Pada intinya kelompok kerja disusun agarkeragaman individu dapat menjadi potensi yang terintegrasi dalam pencapaian tujuan, danbukan malah sumber konflik yang akan menghambat dalam pencapaian oraganisasi.
Wawasan Nusantara: Sebagai Satu Kesatuan, Politik, Ekonomi, Sosial, Budaya dan Hankam di Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Etha Oktavia Puspita
Published: December 2021

Wawasan nusantara sebagai satu kesatuan, politik, ekonomi, social buadaya dan hankam merupakan suatu pedoman yang dibutuhkan dalam suatu Negara. Bangsa Indonesia sebagai salah satu Negara yang menjunjung tinggi wawasan nusantara untuk upaya pelestarian pengetahuan nusantara tidak pernah meninggal unsur unsur penting didalamnya. Unsur penting meliputi : persatuan dan kesatuan, politik, ekonomi, social budaya dan hankam. Wawasan Nusantara yang merupakan wawasan nasional yang bersumber pada Pancasila dan berdasarkan UUD 1945 adalah cara pandang dan sikap bangsa Indonesia mengenai diri dan lingkungannya dengan mengutamakan persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa serta kesatuan wilayah dalam menyelenggarakan kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara untuk mencapai tujuan nasional. Masyarakat Indonesia adalah satu bangsa yang harus memiliki kehidupan serasi dengan tingkat kemajuan yang merata dan seimbang sesuai dengan kemajuan bangsa.
Implementasi Wawasan Nusantara dalam Bermasyarakat
Authors: Ananda Sheren Mega Fitri
Published: December 2021

Akankah wawasan bangsa Indonesia tentang persatuan kesatuan itu larut atau hanyut tanpa bekas atau akan tetap kokoh dan mampu bertahan dalamterpaan dan gempuran nilai global yang menantang Wawasan Persatuan Bangsa Indonesia antara lain pemberdayaan rakyat yang optimal, dunia tanpa batas, serta era baru kapitalisme dan kesadaran warga negara. Saat ini kita menyaksikan bahwa kehidupan manusia baik secara individu dalam bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara semuanya sedang mengalami suatu proses perubahan dan kita juga menyadari bahwa faktor yang mendorong terjadinya proses perubahan tersebut adalah nilai-nilai kehidupan baru yang dibawakan oleh negara-negara maju dengan kekuatan penetrasi globalnya. Wawasan nusantara merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting untuk dimiliki oleh generasi muda karena mampu mempererat persatuan, mencegah konflik dan memupuk rasa toleransi. Karena hal itu, penulis ingin meneliti bagaimana dampak dari wawasan nusantara jika diimplementasikan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dan segi apa saja yang akan merasakan dampaknya.
Makalah Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Aulia ananda putri (90500120042)
Authors: putri Aulia ananda
Published: December 2021

Penyusunan laporan keuangan memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam suatu perusahaan. Sebab laporan keuangan merupakan dasar dalam menentukan atau menilai posisi keuangan perusahaan. Darmawan mengemukakan bahwa laporan keuangan tersebut bertujuan sebagai laporan yang ditujukan kepada berbagai pengguna laporan keuangan yang memiliki kebutuhan informasi tentang keuangan secara umum yang tidak memiliki hak untuk meminta laporan keuangan tersebut dan disesuaikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan informasi tertentu. Nantinya informasi tersebut digunakan sebagai acuan dalam pertimbangan dan pengambilan keputusan baik untuk pihak internal perusahaan maupun pihak eksternal perusahaan. Darmawan mengemukakan bahwa tujuan yang dinyatakan pada laporan keuangan usaha kecil menengah atau entitas tanpa akuntabilitas publik (SME), yaitu menghasilkan infomasi mengenai posisi keuangan, kinerja, dan arus kas dari entitas yang bermanfaat, guna pengambilan keputusan ekonomi oleh berbagai pengguna luas, beberapa pengguna laporan mungkin tidak memiliki hak untuk meminta laporan keuangan terkait untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tertentunya. Jika tujuan dasar laporan keuangan adalah sebagai informasi keuangan perusahaan, maka hendaknya penyajian laporan keuangan disusun sesuai dengan standar yang nantinya akan mempermudah manajemen perusahaan dalam pengambilan keputusan
Motivasi Dan Kepemimpinan
Authors: Ali Nurfadilla Nur
Published: December 2021

Motivasi dapat diartikan sebagai aktualisasi dari daya kekuatan dalam diri individu yang dapat mengaktifkan dan mengarahkan perilaku yang merupakan perwujudan dari interaksi terpadu antara motif dm need dengan situasi yang diamati dan dapat berfungsi untuk mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan individu, yang berlangsung dalam suatu proses yang dinamis. Dengan demikian jika sebuah motivasi (dalam hal ini ketidak berdayaan dan tanpa harapan) dihilangkan, maka aliran energi dalam tubuh kita bisa mengalir kembali.Pemimpin yang berbeda tentu cara memberikan pengarahan dan motivasi pada bawahannya pun juga berbeda, maka dari itu dalam makalah ini penulis akan membahas bagaimana keterkaitan diantara keduanya dan seperti apa pentingnya.
Pursuing social justice through collaborative archaeologies in Aboriginal Australia
Authors: Smith Claire , Burke Heather , Ralph Jordan , Pollard Kellie , Gorman Alice , Wilson Christopher , Hemming Steve , Rigney Daryl , Wesley Daryl , Morrison Mick , McNaughton Darlene , Domingo Innes , Moffat Ian , Roberts Amy , Koolmatrie Jacinta , Willika Jasmine , Pamkal Brandon , Jackson Gary
Published: December 2021

This paper identifies the emergence of the pursuit of social justice as a core focus of collaborative archaeologies in Aboriginal Australia. A wide range of case studies are examined, especially in relation to efforts to redress a ‘deep colonisation’ that silences Indigenous histories and fails to engage with Indigenous voices or experiences. This research is part of a wider global movement of community-based, activist and engaged archaeology that encompasses two principle approaches to social justice: the redistribution of resources and goods and the politics of recognition. It is informed by a more general concern with human rights, structural violence and ethical globalisation. In Australia, social justice archaeologies are both confronting, in terms of frontier violence, intentional structural violence and racism, but also inspirational/aspirational, in terms of Aboriginal nation building and the cultural facilitation of Aboriginal research ethics. The development of collaborative projects between Indigenous peoples and (Indigenous and non-Indigenous) archaeologists can be challenging. Indigenous archaeologists face particular challenges, including balancing sometimes conflicting expectations from communities with the demands of the profession. For non-Indigenous archaeologists, the challenge lies in the shift from working with Indigenous peoples to working for Indigenous peoples as part of a process in which social justice outcomes are a product, rather than a by-product, of archaeological research.
A geophysical analysis of Aboriginal earth mounds in the Murray River Valley, South Australia
Authors: Moffat Ian , Ross Dave , Morrison Michael , Simyrdanis Kleanthis , Roberts Amy , Corporation Murray River and Mallee Aboriginal
Published: December 2021

Earth mounds are common archaeological features in some regions of Australia, particularly within the Murray-Darling Basin. These features are generally considered to have formed via the repeated use of earth oven cookery methods employed by Aboriginal people during the mid- to late-Holocene. This study assesses the relative effectiveness of key geophysical methods including magnetometry, groundpenetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in mapping, and determining the stratigraphy of earth mound sites. Three earth mounds adjacent to Hunchee Creek, on Calperum Station in South Australia's Riverland region, were chosen to conduct a comparative trial of these methods. This research demonstrated that geophysics can be used to both locate mounds and provide information as to deposit thickness and size. Individual ovens within mounds can also be located. This suggests a greater potential role for geophysics in understanding the Holocene archaeological record in Australia.
Locating Graves with Geophysics
Authors: Moffat Ian
Published: December 2021

The detection and mapping of unmarked graves is a significant focus of many archaeological and forensic investigations however traditional methods such as probing, forensic botany, cadaver dogs or dowsing are often ineffective, slow to cover large areas or excessively invasive. Geophysics offers an appealing alternative suitable for the rapid non invasive investigation of large areas. Unfortunately graves are a challenging target with no diagnostic geophysical response and so the use of a rigorous application-specific methodology is essential for a successful outcome. The most important inclusions in a successful survey methodology include ultrahigh density data, the use of multiple geophysical techniques to validate results based on several physical properties, excellent quality positioning and intensive site recording. Regardless of the methodology applied, geophysics should not be considered a panacea for locating all graves on all sites but should be used as an integral part of a comprehensive survey strategy.
Penanganan Pelanggaran Pemilu: Kajian Hukum Pidana dan Administrasi
Authors: Budiarsih Budiarsih
Published: December 2021

Pemahaman penanganan tindak pidana pemilu dan penyelesaian sengketa hasil pemilu memiliki aturan hukum yang diterapkan oleh negara, pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam proses pemilu seperti Gakkumdu, bawaslu, lembaga PTUN, dan MK, artinya para pihak yang bersengketa termasuk partai politik, diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan pada korisor yang tepat untuk membangun kosntitusi dalam rangkan mewujudkan cita-cita negara hukum dan demokrasi demi kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara yang bermartabat
Ô nhiễm rác thải sinh hoạt nông thôn Việt Nam: Thực trạng, nguyên nhân và giải pháp
Authors: Do Trang Thuy , Bich Ngo T.Ngoc
Published: December 2021

Rác thải sinh hoạt là một trong những vấn đề môi trường nổi cộm hiện nay đối với các quốc gia đang phát triển, trong đó có Việt Nam. Tại Việt Nam, rác thải sinh hoạt không chỉ xuất hiện ở đồ thị mà còn ở nông thôn. Vấn đề ô nhiễm rác thải sinh hoạt nông thôn thực sự là một vấn đề cần được nghiên cứu và tìm ra hướng đi thích hợp.
Algoritma pemrograman
Authors: nurhalizah Siti Nurhaliza
Published: December 2021

An algorithm is a logical step or sequence in making a decision to solve a problem. Algorithms can be written in many ways, such as using everyday language, flow charts and even using programming languages such as C or C++. And in the algorithm there is also a Flowchart which means an image or graph of the steps that must be followed to make it easier to solve the problem. Programming languages cannot be separated from data types, if/else, arrays because these have an important role for beginners or those who want to know about programming languages. Writing scientific articles can make it easier for readers to know about algorithms and programming languages. Keywords: algorithm, algorithm and programming, programming language, data type, writing algorithm
Penerapan Metode Statistical Processing Control Untuk Menganalisis Pengendalian Kualitas Produk pada PT. Asera Tirta Posidonia, Kota Palopo
Authors: D. Didiharyono
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan metode Statistical Processing Control (SPC) dalam pengendalian kualitas sebagai upaya menekan jumlah produk cacat dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan kerusakan/ cacat produk yang diproduksi oleh PT. Asera Tirta Posidonia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitaf dengan data sekunder. Langkah-langkah analisis data dengan menggunakan metode SPC yaitu (1) Mengumpulkan data produksi dan produk rusak (check sheet). (2) Membuat histogram, (3) membuat grafik kendali u (u-chart). (4) Mencari faktor penyebab kerusakan/ kecacatan dengan diagram sebab-akibat, dan (5) membuat rekomendasi/ usulan perbaikan kualitas. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan dengan melihat grafik kendali u (u-chart) yang menyatakan bahwa kualitas produk berada diluar batas kendali (statistics out control). Hal tersebut menunjukkan masih ada titik-titik yang berada diluar batas kendali yang merupakan indikasi bahwa proses berada dalam keadaan masih mengalami penyimpangan. Hasil analisis diagram fishbone dapat diketahui faktor penyebab kerusakan dalam proses produksi, yaitu berasal dari faktor pekerja, mesin produksi, metode kerja, material/ bahan baku dan lingkungan kerja. Oleh karena itu, semua penyebab kerusakan dapat segera diperbaiki atau pencegahan sedini mungkin agar tidak terjadi kerusakan yang lebih besar lagi.
Reconstructing rock art chronology with transfer learning: A case study from Arnhem Land, Australia
Authors: Kowlessar Jarrad , Keal James , Wesley Daryl , Moffat Ian , Lawrence Dudley , Weson Abraham , Nayinggul Alfred , Corporation Mimal Land Management Aboriginal
Published: December 2021

In recent years, machine learning approaches have been used to classify and extract style from media and have been used to reinforce known chronologies from classical art history. In this work we employ the first ever machine learning analysis of Australian rock art using a data efficient transfer learning approach to identify features suitable for distinguishing styles of rock art. These features are evaluated in a one-shot learning setting. Results demonstrate that known Arnhem Land Rock art styles can be resolved without knowledge of prior groupings. We then analyse the activation space of learned features and report on the relationships between styles and arrange these classes into a stylistic chronology based on distance within the activation space. By generating a stylistic chronology, it is shown that the model is sensitive to both temporal and spatial patterns in the distribution of rock art in the Arnhem Land Plateau region. More broadly, this approach is ideally suited to evaluating style within any material culture assemblage and overcomes the common constraint of small training data sets in archaeological machine learning studies.
LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Rasyid A. Syahrul Ramadhan
Published: December 2021

Dalam dunia perbankan, keuangan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan kegiatan suatu perbankan serta pula pada setiap individu yang ada di dalam perbankan itu tersebut. Dalam suatu perusahaan juga diperlukan analisis terhadap laporan keuangan untuk mengetahui kemampuan perusahaan dalam mengatasi masalah-masalah keuangan perusahaan serta pengambilan keputusan yang cepat dan tepat. Perkembangan posisi keuangan mempunyai arti yang sangat penting bagi perusahaan untuk menilai baik atau tidaknya suatu perusahaan dan tidak hanya dinilai dari keadaan fisik perusahaan namun faktor terpenting yaitu dapat menilai perkembangan suatu perusahaan yang terletak pada unsur keuangannya. Karena unsur tersebut dapat mengevaluasi kebijakan yang ditempuh perusahaan sudah tepat atau tidak. Analisis laporan keuangan adalah hasil terakhir dari sebuah proses akuntansi yang memberikan gambaran tentang suatu keadaan dari posisi keuangan, hasil usaha, serta perubahan dalam posisi keuangan suatu perusahaan. Laporan keuangan juga merupakan kesimpulan dari pencatatan transaksi yang dilakukan oleh suatu perusahaan. Laporan keuangan sebagai media yang paling penting untuk dapat menilai kondisi ekonomi perusahaan. Laporan keuangan harus ditata dengan didasari oleh Standar Akuntansi Keuangan yang ditetapkan oleh Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia. SAK memberikan fleksibilitas dalam memilih metode yang akan digunakan.
LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: sandita riana putri
Published: December 2021

Setiap perusahaan juga forum-forum membutuhkan suatu laporankeuangan. Laporan keuangan adalah keliru satu asal liputan dan mediakrusial ang dipakai sang parapengelola perusahaan pada proses pengambilankeputusan buat mengetahui liputan yg menyangkut posisi keuangan.Laporan keuangan perusahaan lazim diterbitkan secara periodik, sanggup tahunan,semesteran, triwulan, bulanan, bahkan sanggup harian. Laporan keuangan ini sudahsebagai kebutuhan para pengusaha, investor, manajemen, bank, pemerintah juga pelaku pasar modal. Berdasarkan uraian diatas makalah laporan keuangan ini dibentuk utnuk memeriksa mengenai pemahaman laporan keuangan sehubungan menggunakan tugas mata kuliah Seminar Manajemen Keuangan.
Menyusun Laporan Keuangan
Authors: istiqomah Bunga sahila hizbul
Published: December 2021

Suatu laporan keuangan pada dasarnya adalah hasil dari proses akuntansi yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi antara data keuangan atau aktivitas suatu perusahaan dengan pihak – pihak yang berkepentingan dengan data atau aktivitas perusahaan tersebut. Laporan keuangan sangat perlu untuk mengetahui kondisi keuangan perusahaan (Gunawan, et al., 2015). Laba menjadi indikator umum bagi pihak manajemen dan pihak eksternal untuk menilai kinerja suatu perusahaan. Informasi laba ini dapat mempengaruhi investor, kreditur, dan pihak lainnya dalam membuat keputusan investasi dan ekonomi. Oleh sebab itu, perusahaan berusaha untuk mencapai target laba yang diinginkan agar perusahaan terlihat memiliki kinerja yang baik dan dapat menarik minat pihak eksternal. Laba juga dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja manajemen perusahaan dalam suatu periode tertentu serta mempertanggung jawabkan sumber daya yang dikelola yang telah dipercayakan kepada manajemen/manajer. Namun manajer sering melakukan manipulasi data untuk memperoleh keuntungan pribadi. Tindakan tersebut biasa dikenal dengan istilah manajemen laba (Earning management).
Strategi Pemasaran dan Peran Internet dalam Pemasaran
Authors: israeni
Published: December 2021

Marketing strategy is marketing logic, and based on it, the business unit is expected to achieve its marketing objectives. The company's marketing strategy consists of making decisions about the company's marketing costs, marketing mix, and marketing allocation in relation to the expected environmental conditions under competitive conditions.
Pressure Sensor with New Electrical Circuit Utilizing Bipolar Junction Transistor
Authors: Mikhail
Published: December 2021

High sensitivity MEMS pressure sensor chip for different ranges (1 to 60 kPa) utilizing the novel electrical circuit of piezosensitive differential amplifier with negative feedback loop (PDA-NFL) is developed. Pressure sensor chip PDA-NFL utilizes two bipolar-junction transistors (BJT) with vertical n-p-n type structure (V-NPN) and eight piezoresistors (p-type). Both theoretical model of sensor response to pressure and temperature and experimental data are presented. Data confirms the applicability of theoretical model. Introduction of the amplifier allows for decreasing chip size while keeping the same sensitivity as a chip with classic Wheatstone bridge circuit.
kedudukan manusia sebagai subjek dan objek pembangunan
Authors: purnamasari nurhidayah
Published: December 2021

Manusia sebagai makhluk individu manusia juga sebagai makhluk sosial yang berarti manusia mempunyai kebutuhan dan kemampuan untuk berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi dengan manusia lainnya. Dengan kata lain manusia tidak bisa hidup seorang diri dan membutuhkan kehadiran orang lain. Sebagai makhluk sosial manusia memiliki perilaku bekerja sama dan bersaing untuk mengembangkan dirinya dan ini juga merupakan akan menjadi salah satu keharmonisan dalam kehidupan sosialnya.
Persatuan dan kesatuan sila ke 3 (Persatuan Indonesia)
Authors: Jauhari Achmad Hasfa
Published: December 2021

Di tengah tantangan disintegrasi yang melibatkan bangsa Indonesia, sebagai bangsa yangmajemuk, perlu bantuan untuk terus dapat peduli terhadap keragaman denganmenanamkan kesadaran multikulturalisme. Perbedaan budaya antara masing-masingbudaya yang memiliki berbagai ciri khas yang unik tidak akan menyebabkan terbelahnyakesatuan, tetapi justru mempererat harmoni sosial karena antara keduanya dapatmemberikan kebutuhan yang saling menguntungkan. Artikel ini membahas tentangmenganalisis upaya-upaya untuk merawat Bangsa Indonesia sebagai bangsa yangmultikultural agar senantiasa dapat membentuk persatuan dan kesatuan dalam kebhinekaandengan mengedepankan semangat multikulturalisme, kebhinekaan, dan nilai-nilai instrumenPancasila sebagai jalan untuk mengetahui kehidupan. dari bangsa dan negara.Kata kunci: bangsa Indonesia sebagai bangsa yang majemuk, perlu bantuan terusdapat peduli terhadap keragaman.
Makalah Strategi Pemasaran Puspa Farida (90500120014)
Authors: Farida Puspa
Published: December 2021

produsen dalam kegiatan pemasaran produk atau jasanya harus membutuhkan konsumen mengenai produk atau jasa yang dihasilkannya. Salah satu cara yang digunakan produsen dalam bidangpemasaran untuk tujuan meningkatkan hasil produk yaitu melalui kegiatan promosi.Sebagaimana diketahui bahwa keadaan dunia usaha bersifat dinamis,yang selalu mengalami perubahan yang terjadi setiap saat dan adanya keterkaitan antara satu dengan yang lainnya. Oleh karena itu strategi pemasaran mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting untuk keberhasilan perusahaan umumnya dan pada bidang pemasaran khususnya. Disamping itu strategipemasaran yang diterapkan harus dit injau dan dikembangkan sesuai dengan perkembangan pasar dan lingkungan pasar tersebut . Dengan demikian strategi pemasaran harus dapat memberikan gambaran yang jelas dan terarah tentang apa yang dilakukan perusahaan dalam menggunakan setiap kesempatan atau paduan pada beberapa sasaran pasar.Dalam penulisan karya ilmiah ini, penulis membahas dalam lima bab,yaitu:Bab satu, berisi pendahuluan yang yang membicarakan alasan pemilihan judul, luas dan tujuan penulisan serta sistematika pembahasan.Bab dua, memuat tentang aspek penting dalam pemasaran, yaitu menjelaskan tentang rencana st rategi pemasaran, pasar sasaran, dan bauran pemasaran.Bab t iga, memuat tentang faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi st rategi pemasaran. Dalam hal ini akan dibahas tentang rencana strategi perusahaan dan faktorfaktor yang mempengaruhi st rategi pemasaran perusahaan.Bab empat,pada bab ini akan dibahas mengenai strategi untuk setiap posisi bisnis, sepert i Market leader, Market challanger, Market follower, atau Market Nicher.Bab lima, pada bab terakhir ini, penulis mencoba untuk membuat kesimpulan akhir atas apa yang telah diuraikan dan memberikan saran-saran yang mungkin dapat dipertimbangkan dalam penentuan strategi pemasaran.
BUKU AJAR TINDAK PIDANA KHUSUS
Authors: Budiarsih Budiarsih
Published: December 2021

Tindak Pidana Khusus atau yang pertama kali dikenal dengan istilah Hukum Pidana Khusus adalah Tindak Pidana yang ada diluar Hukum Pidana Umum. Tindak Pidana merupakan bagian dari Hukum Pidana. Sebelum masuk ke pembahasan Tindak Pidana Khusus perlu untuk membahas istilah pidana menurut beberapa Ahli. Menurut Moeljatno Hukum Pidana adalah bagian dari keseluruhan hukum yang berlaku di suatu negara
Metamemory for Prospective Memory Performance in Younger and Older Adults: Does the Reference Point Affect our Judgments?
Authors: Scarampi Chiara , Kliegel Matthias
Published: December 2021

In two preregistered online experiments, we explored age differences in prospective memory (PM) performance estimates, particularly focusing on how different reference points affect metacognitive accuracy. Younger and older participants completed an event-based PM task embedded in an ongoing task. Metacognition was assessed by asking participants to predict their performance before the PM task and by having them complete questionnaires about everyday memory abilities.In Experiment 1, we manipulated the reference point used to evaluate performance (performance vs. peers) and the order of presentation of the PM task and the metamemory questionnaires. In Experiment 2, we included a control condition, assessed both prospective and retrospective metacognitive judgments, and examined how subjective age influenced metacognitive judgments.In terms of results, participants tended to be overconfident when comparing their performance to their peers, indicating that reference points affect metacognitive accuracy. Retrospective metacognitive judgements were more accurate than predictions, and there was a link between subjective age and metacognitive bias in older adults. Additionally, older adults reported better PM abilities than younger adults, and participants generally reported more memory failures when the metamemory questionnaires were completed after the PM task.Overall, these findings indicate that both younger and older adults have limited metacognitive insights and show the reactive effects of metacognition to different reference points and the order of instrument administration.
The effects of iconicity and conventionalisation on word order preferences
Authors: Motamedi Yasamin , Wolters Lucie , Schouwstra Marieke , Kirby Simon
Published: December 2021

Of the 6 possible orderings of the 3 main constituents of language (subject, verb and object), two —- SOV and SVO —- are predominant cross-linguistically. Previous research using the silent gesture paradigm in which hearing participants produce or respond to gestures without speech, has shown that different factors such as reversibility, salience and animacy can affect the preferences for different orders. Here, we test whether participants’ preferences for orders that are conditioned on the semantics of the event change depending on i) the iconicity of individual gestural elements and ii) the prior knowledge of a conventional lexicon. Our findings demonstrate the same preference for semantically-conditioned word order found in previous studies, specifically that SOV and SVO are preferred differentially for different types of events. We do not find that iconicity of individual gestures affects participants’ ordering preferences, however we do find that learning a lexicon leads to a stronger preference for SVO-like orders overall. Finally, we compare our findings from English speakers, using an SVO-dominant language, with data from speakers of an SOV-dominant language, Turkish. We find that, while learning a lexicon leads to an increase in SVO preference for both sets of participants, this effect is mediated by language background and event type, suggesting that an interplay of factors together determine preferences for different ordering patterns. Taken together, our results support a view of word order as a gradient phenomenon responding to multiple biases.
Evaluation of a MOOC developed from educational principles based on behavioral theory
Authors: Gusso Helder , Schuster João Henrique , Kannenberg Pedro Henrique Pacheco , Archer Aline Battisti , de Oliveira Caio Medeiros , Santos Maria Laura Silveira dos , Nercolini Valentina Pittol
Published: December 2021

This study’s objective was to evaluate a MOOC constructed from educational principles based on behavioral theory. The evaluation included the analysis of the performance, retention, and perception of the students. This MOOC consisted of an initial test, three teaching units, a final test and an assessment of the students' perception. The mean grade in the initial test was 6.34 (sd=1.20), and in the last attempt of the final test it was 8.75 (sd=0.51). The difference between these values was statistically significant and the effect size was considered very large. The retention rate was 44%, and 75% of students rated the overall experience as “Very Good”. The evaluated MOOC was effective in teaching its learning objectives and student retention was much higher than the average reported in other studies.These results indicate the relevance of the educational principles used in the elaboration of the MOOC.
The Opioid Epidemic and Children's Living Arrangements in the United States, 2000-2018
Authors: Caudillo Mònica L. , Villarreal Andrés , Cohen Philip N.
Published: December 2021

The opioid epidemic has had devastating effects for the health and wellbeing of the U.S. population. However, we know little about how it has affected the structure of families where children are raised. Using the 5 percent sample of the 2000 Census, 2005-2018 American Community Survey (ACS) data and restricted Vital Statistics we assess the effect of the opioid epidemic at the local level on the rates of children living under different types of family arrangements: two married parents, two cohabiting parents, mother only, father only, or another configuration. Local fixed-effects models show that a greater intensity of the opioid epidemic, as measured by a higher opioid-overdose death rate, is associated with a lower rate of children living with two married parents, and a higher rate of children living with two cohabiting parents, with only a father, and with adults other than their parents. The opioid epidemic appears to increase the rates of children living in family structures that tend to be less stable, which has potential long term implications for the wellbeing of future generations.
Detection of Human Papilloma Virus in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ghosh Snehashish , Wazir Sartaj Singh , Shah Rajesh , Upadhyay Manoj Kumar , Gupta Rahul , Singh Harendra Mohan
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Human Papilloma Virus 16 and 18 affects the keratinocytes of oral mucosa and skin and can lead to the development of dysplastic lesions and ultimately into invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of human Papilloma virus 16 and 18 DNA in already diagnosed oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Methods: 200 biopsy specimens (50 each) of already diagnosed leukoplakia, oral lichen planus (OLP), oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma was included for the study. A total 50 control tissue sections, which were obtained during removal of impacted teeth were also included in the study. All 250 specimens were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of HPV 16 and 18. The results are analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 software and Pearson’s chi square test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: HPV 16 and 18 was noted in all the OPMDS and oral cancer specimens but the results were not statistically significant. However, not even a single case of control tissue showed the presence of HPV 16 and 18.
Conclusions: The results of the present study shows HPV 16 and 18 is present in oral cancer as well as OPMDS, therefore it could be implicated in the pathogenesis of the above mentioned conditions.
Higher Order Convergent Newton Type Iterative Methods
Authors: Jnawali Jivandhar
Published: December 2021

Newton method is one of the most widely used numerical methods for solving nonlinear equations. McDougall and Wotherspoon [Appl. Math. Lett., 29 (2014), 20-25] modified this method in predictor-corrector form and get an order of convergence 1+√2. More on the PDF
30 rokov Medzinárodnej biologickej olympiády
Authors: Eliáš Pavol
Published: December 2021

International biology olympiad (IBO) – an international competition of secondary grammer school students in biology – was established in 1989 and first competition was organized in 1990 in Czechoslovakia (Olomouc). In the 1st IBO 22 students and 6 countries participated. Winners of the respective national competitions – their skills in trackling biological problems, and dealing with biological experiments are tested. The competition consists two parts – theoretical test and practical tasks, in 50:50 ratio. Coordination centre of IBO located in Prague, International Scientific Advisory Board (ISAB, now AB IBO), national coordinators and since 2008 also steering committee have been responsible for organization of the competition. In the last 30 years number of countries and students participated in the competition evidently increased. In 30th IBO, which was held in Hungary (Szeged) in 2019, 285 students and 72 countries of the world participated. In 2020 IBO was organized in distance/online form only caused by Covid 19 pandemic situation.
Swobody rynku wewnętrznego a ograniczenia obrotu nieruchomościami rolnymi
Authors: Suska Adrianna
Published: December 2021

This article aimed to outline the relationship between the freedoms of the internal market and agricultural real estate transactions in the Member States of the European Union. National regulations limiting the possibility of agricultural property acquisition are often considered as violations of European law. However, restrictions can be justified by the reasons listed in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and mandatory requirements. Moreover, nowadays, it is necessary to find the most appropriate response to natural habitat devastation. A proper land economy can have a tremendous role in preserving the planet; therefore, it seems that every analysis of national restrictions must include the impact of the laws on the environment.
Seroprevalence of CMV in Women with Bad Obstetric History in Babil/Iraq
Authors: Abbas Maha Diekan , Egbe Solomon Sahoon
Published: December 2021

Placental dysfunction and or fetal central nervous system infestation caused by Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital non-genetic neuro-developmental problems of the newborn, worldwide. Although the highest rates of congenital infection and CMV seroprevalence occurs in developing countries like Iraq, there remains a paucity of data from that part of the world. This descriptive case control study was undertaken in Babylon/ Iraq to determine the local seroprevalence of CMV in women of child bearing age, and to identify the socio-demographic factors associated with it.  This study found a seropositivity peak amongst the 26-35 yr olds which declined in the 36 – 45 yr olds. However, the evidence of current infection was stable at 25% among the 26-35 yr olds and the 36 – 45 yr old women.  Overall seropositivity was at 77.32%, a susceptibility rate was at 22.68%, and seropositivity for IgG was highest among the educated, those living in overcrowded settings, and those with poor obstetric histories. Our study concludes that CMV screening of women in the Al Hamza district in Babylon/Iraq and the availability of advice on how to prevent the infection can be beneficial for health outcomes.
Evaluation of Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Combined Scrophularia striata Extract and Antibiotics Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Tamri Pari , Pourmoslemi Shabnam , Moradkhani Shirin , Foroughinia Sahar
Published: December 2021

Scrophularia. striata from Scrophulariacea family has been used in Iranian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. In this study we evaluated the synergistic effect of S. striata   hydroalcoholic extract (SSE) and commercially available antibiotics against P. aeroginosa and Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The resazurin-based microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of plan extract and standard antibiotics. The interaction between standard antibiotics and SSE was evaluated by using checkerboard method. The results of this study revealed that SSE enhance the antibacterial activity of antibiotics. The combination of SSE and Vancomycin had synergistic to additive effects against MRSA.  SSE in combination with Gentamicin had synergistic to additive effects against P. aeruginosa. The interaction between Ceftazidime and SSE was additive against P. aeruginosa.  The best result was the synergistic effect between SSE and Piperacillin-Tazobactam against P. aeruginosa. In conclusion the results of this research indicated that S. striata has the potential to enhance the antibacterial activity of antibiotics and could be a source to the designing new compounds with synergistic effect in combination with standard antibiotics.
Prognostic assessment of constitutional indicators influence on the indicators of personality traits of practically healthy women with different somatotypes
Authors: Andriievskyi I.I. , Serebrennikova О.А. , Bondar S.A. , Shayuk A.V. , Gunas I.V.
Published: December 2021

It is known that both genetic factors and environmental influences affect the development of the human body. This statement also applies to a person’s personality, ie the big five – the main features that make it up. The study of the relationship between physique and personality traits among a healthy population is very relevant and is a promising area for anthropology and psychology. The purpose of the work is to conduct a prognostic assessment of the influence of anthropo-somatotypological indicators on the personality indicators in practically healthy Ukrainian women without and taking into account the somatotype. Primary anthropo-somatotypological (anthropometry according to Bunak’s scheme, Heath-Carter somatotype determination, Matiegka and American Institute of Nutrition weight composition) and personality indicators (determination of leading typological characteristics of temperament according to Eysenck, psychodynamic features of personality according to Spielberger and features of accentuated personality traits according to Shmishek, components of internality according to Rotter) of practically healthy Ukrainian women of the first mature age are selected from the data bank of materials of the research center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. Factor analysis was performed in the license package "Statistica 6.1". The main factors that indicate the association of personality traits of practically healthy Ukrainian women of different somatotypes with some anthropo-somatotypological indicators: mesomorphs – "the size of the girth and fat size of the body" and "the size of the longitudinal size of the body"; in ectomorphs – "the size of the girth of the body" and "the size of the fat size of the body"; in endo-mesomorphs - "the magnitude of the circumferential size of the body" and "the magnitude of the width of the mandible"; in representatives of the middle intermediate somatotype – "the magnitude of the longitudinal and circumferential dimensions of the body" and "the magnitude of SFT on the posterior surface of the shoulder." In the general group of women, it is impossible to single out the second factor that has a significant load. Analysis of the obtained relationships of interdependence of personality traits, which have the greatest prognostic value in terms of formation of human personality with anthropo-somatotypological indicators showed that women of different somatotypes identified interdependencies have certain features. Thus, the application of factor analysis made it possible to determine the most significant relationships of personality indicators with the constitutional parameters of the body in practically healthy Ukrainian women of different somatotypes.
Ginásio Anglo-Mineiro e as representações de Pedro Nava sobre o trabalho docente
Authors: Camargo Márcio José Pereira de , Sandano Wilson
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo, discutem-se as representações que o escritor Pedro da Silva Nava (1903-1984) constrói sobre a escola, particularmente no que tange ao trabalho docente, tendo como objeto de estudo a obra Balão cativo: memórias/2 (1973), segundo volume da série intitulada Memórias. Com fulcro nos pressupostos da História Cultural (CHARTIER, 2002; PESAVENTO, 2014), intenta-se compreender como se constituem as representações naveanas sobre o professor, a partir das experiências vividas pelo escritor enquanto aluno interno no Ginásio Anglo-Mineiro, em Belo Horizonte, entre os anos de 1914 e 1915. O estudo interpretativo da obra, na perspectiva dos sentidos que o narrador atribui ao trabalho docente, revela um estilo próprio do escritor, do qual emana predominantemente o reconhecimento pelas contribuições da escola para seu percurso de formação.