bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural network approach for faster optical properties predictions for different PCF designs
Authors: Kumar Hardik , Jain Tanya , Sharma Mritunjay , Kishor Kamal
Published: November 2021

Photonic Crystal Fibres (PCFs) are emerging as an alternative to standard fibres for applications in many disciplines like fibre lasers & amplifiers, imaging, spectroscopy and telecommunications. They have superior light guiding properties compared to ordinary Optical Fibres (OFs). This paper illustrates the potential of neural networks to efficiently and accurately compute the optical properties of PCFs including solid-core, hollow-core and multi-core designs. The proposed method takes a range of design parameters and wavelengths as input to predict PCF optical properties like effective index, effective mode area, confinement loss and dispersion desired for optimal specifications. The neural network approach is significantly better in terms of the low computational runtimes (~5 milli-sec) required for predicting the properties against the longer runtimes (~18 sec) required for similar calculations by traditional numerical methods.
Influence of trap densities in ITO thin film on the optical, electrical, and surface plasmon resonance properties
Authors: Arya K , Anjitha M , Sharika E , Nair Niveditha , Meenu M , Sanjeev Pooja , Babu Varsha T , Ram Sanjay K
Published: November 2021

Indium–tin–oxide (ITO) is a material having metallic behavior in the infra-red spectral range. Its electrical and optical properties are also easily tuned, making it a suitable alternative plasmonic material in the infra-red region. In this work, electrical and optical simulation modeling was performed to study the effect of trap densities in different carrier scattering mechanisms on the mobility in ITO. This study correlates the micro-structural and opto-electronic parameters to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) behavior in the ITO thin films. The results indicate that low defect density with high carrier concentration can provide better SPR performance in ITO.
Bound states of a system of two bosons with a spherically potential on a lattice
Authors: Abdullaev J.I. , Ergashova Sh.H. , Shotemirov Y.S.
Published: November 2021

We consider a Hamiltonian of a system of two bosons on a three-dimensional lattice Z
3 with a spherically simmetric potential. The corresponding Schrödinger operator H(k) this system has four invariant subspaces L(123), L(1), L(2) and L(3). The Hamiltonian of this system has a unique bound state over each invariant subspace L(1), L(2) and L(3). The corresponding energy values of these bound states are calculated exactly.
A study on network analysis by navigation of robots using graphical measures to solve the complexity
Authors: Krishnan Athira , Manjusha R , Sunny Kuriakose A
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we present a graph theoretical analysis of a procedure for maintaining communication for tasks such as monitoring, identification, completion and productivity, where connectivity between the components involved in the task is required for conditional alertness. We present graphical measures and fuzzy theoretical tools to analyse the communication between the components in a network undergoing different tasks and accumulate a suitable information regarding the activities of the components by observing through sensor monitoring system. Also, we consider the efficiency of the robots in the monitoring system to control the position and orientation relative to other components to sustain communication links.
Surface Temperature Distribution Aluminum Block with Cone Tube Profile Calculated Using ANSYS Fluent
Authors: Sakti S P , Kusuma F J , Putro T , Abdurrouf
Published: November 2021

Thermal Cycler is the main part of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which becoming a gold standard for Covid-19 diagnosis. The virus multiplication in an order to a detectable concentration is done by placing the virus solution at a deterministic temperature cycle. The solution is placed in a small tube inserted in a temperature block. Temperature distribution of the thermal block is important to make all the tube with sample treated at the same at desired target temperature. Study on the thermal block made of aluminium 7075 was simulated using fluid dynamic finite element method. Heating and colling to the target temperature was done by providing heat source and heat absorber. The temperature distribution on the surface was mapped. The temperature gradient perpendicular to the heat source was calculated. Assuming the environment of the thermal block was still air, the heating and cooling speed at given heat source and heat removal were calculated using the model. The temperature gradient from the top surface to the bottom surface is less than 2.5°C. The temperature difference among point at the surface is less than 0.1°C.
First principles band structure investigation of cubic spinel CuMn2Te4Compound for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Priyadharshini S , Sundareswari M , Viswanathan E
Published: November 2021

Spinel CuMn2Te4material is investigated for its nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic phases by first principles calculation using the FP-LAPW method. Exchange and correlation are treated with GGA. T otal energy calculations reveal that CuMn2T e4compound tend to stabilise at ferromagnetic phase. Non vanishing bands at the Fermi Energy level illustrates the metallic nature of CuMn2Te4at both of its nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic phases. Transport properties are studied using the BoltzTraP code at 325K. Thermo power of -26.22μv/k is estimated for nonmagnetic CuMn2Te4. At ferromagnetic phase, these values are predicted as 84.85μv/kand 53.39μv/k respectively for spin-up and spin-down states. Computed power factor values are 2.29 x1014Wm-1s-1K-2for NM phase and 2.33×1017Wm−1s−1K−2/1.001×1010Wm−1s-−1K-−2respectivelyfor FM up-spin/down-spin phases. A total magnetic moment of 7.11003 μB/F.U. is obtained for the energetically favourable ferromagnetic phase of CuMn2Te4compound. High pressure investigations reveal the possibility of electronic topological transition that may lead to changes in the Fermi Surface topology and hence changes in the physical properties of nonmagnetic CuMn2Te4.
Thermal and Electrical Performance of AlGaAs/GaAs based HEMT device on SiC substrate
Authors: Iype Preethi Elizabeth , Suresh Babu V , Paul Geenu
Published: November 2021

In this paper investigation on electrical and thermal performance of the AlGaAs/GaAs HEMT device is carried out by comparing the device grown on substrates like 4H-SiC and Sapphire. The investigation was carried out based on Silvaco TCAD Atlas simulation. The DC characteristics of the device with varying ambient temperature were evaluated. A deterioration of drain current from 0.9 mA to 0.5 mA is observed as temperature rises from 300K to 500K on 4H-SiC substrate. The HEMT grown on 4H-SiC substrate has a high power dissipation, resulting in reduced temperature compared to sapphire substrate. This increases the lifetime of the device by 1000s of hours and also its overall performance. The HEMT proposed here is found to have an electrically and thermally optimal performance on 4H-SiC substrate than on sapphire
Studies on Structural, optical and Magnetic properties of Yttrium Aluminum Bromate (YAB) Nanomaterials, prepared at high annealing temperature
Authors: Bikramaditya Bibhuti , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Nishant , Verma Pushpendra Kumar
Published: November 2021

In this research, we present structural, photo-luminescence and magnetic properties of the Yttrium Aluminum Borate (YAB) nanomaterial, synthesized by low-cost Sol-gel method in high temperature range. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, shows that crystal structure of YAB is of nanometric size ranging between 38 nm to 47 nm for the annealing temperature above 900°C. Photoluminescence property shows that YAB gives intense Blue light emission in the visible region. High-temperature annealing was found to increase the grain size and enhance the blue luminescence. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) shows that coercivity increases while Magnetization and retentivity decreases for YAB nanomaterials for the temperature above 900 degree Celsius. Prepared YAB materials may be useful for LED or related devices.
On W0
and W2 ø-Symmetric Contact Manifold Admitting Quarter-Symmetric Metric Connection
Authors: Pradeep Kumar K. T. , Roopa B.M. , Arun Kumar K.H.
Published: November 2021

The paper deals locally W0 and W2
curvature tensor of ø-symmetric K-contact manifolds with quarter-symmetric metric connection and some results are obtained.
Sentiment analysis of Social Media Text-Emoticon Post with Machine learning Models Contribution Title
Authors: Jagadishwari V , Indulekha A , Raghu Kiran , Harshini P
Published: November 2021

Social Media is an arena in recent times for people to share their perspectives on a variety of topics. Most of the social interactions are through the Social Media. Though all the Online Social Networks allow users to express their views and opinions in many forms like audio, video, text etc, the most popular form of expression is text, Emoticons and Emojis. The work presented in this paper aims at detecting the sentiments expressed in the Social Media posts. The Machine Learning Models namely Bernoulli Bayes, Multinomial Bayes, Regression and SVM were implemented. All these models were trained and tested with Twitter Data sets. Users on Twitter express their opinions in the form of tweets with limited characters. Tweets also contain Emoticons and Emojis therefore Twitter data sets are best suited for the sentiment analysis. The effect of emoticons present in the tweet is also analyzed. The models are first trained only with the text and then they are trained with text and emoticon in the tweet. The performance of all the four models in both cases are tested and the results are presented in the paper.
The performance of flow field channel in direct methanol fuel cell
Authors: Sachin P V , Sathish Asha , Boopathi T S
Published: November 2021

A 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed to examine the impact of flow field design on the performance of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Effect of three various type flow fields is investigated in this study: single, double serpentine and honeycomb models. The distribution of velocity and temperature are simulated in 3D models. According to simulation studies, the honeycomb flow field has made uniform flow velocity distribution and minimum temperature change on plate surface. This could result better on DMFC performance. The experimental studies emphasize the performance of a single cell DMFC with different flow field channel designs as well as exhibit maximum power density and open circuit voltage. In subsequent study, electrodeposited Ni-Co alloy on stainless steel mesh surface is utilized to oxidize methanol and the electrode performance has been tested using cyclic voltammetry in alkaline conditions to replace expensive and sensitive platinum and platinum alloy catalysts
Stability of Atangana - Baleanu Fractional Order Differential Equation with Numerical Approximation
Authors: George Maria Selvam A. , Britto Jacob S.
Published: November 2021

The field of Fractional calculus is more useful to understand the real-world phenomena. In this article, a nonlinear fractional order differential equation with Atangana-Baleanu operator is considered for analysis. Sufficient conditions under which a solution exists and uniqueness are presented using Banach fixed-point theorem method. The well-established Adams-Bashforth numerical scheme is used to solve the system of equations. Stability conditions are presented in details. To corroborate the analytical results, an example is given with numerical simulation.

Mathematics Subject Classification [2010]: 26A33, 35B35, 65D25, 65L20.
Investigation of annealing temperature on the synthesis of zincite doped cobalt ferrite using Rietveld refinement
Authors: Bedi Himanshu , Rohilla Sunil , Chaudhary Nitika
Published: November 2021

Co-precipitation technique is used for preparing the composites of CoFe2O4/VZnO. The effect on the variation on the size of the crystals of CoFe2O4 is studied by varying the annealing temperature over the range from 500°C to 900°C. The structure of composite powder obtained after annealing was studied by Rietveld refinement and XRD. The estimation of the crystalline phases of the sample is done by XRD though Rietveld refinement. The space group and structure of zinc oxide was observed as P63mc(186) and hexagonal while that for the cobalt ferrite was Fd3m(227) and cubic. The values of all R factors was calculated and the effect of annealing temperature on the size of the crystal was discussed.
Iterated extended Kalman filter based state estimation of diode circuit
Authors: Gautam Amit Kumar , Majumdar Sudipta
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the state estimation of diode circuit using iterated extended Kalman filter (IEKF). The root mean square error (RMSE) based performance evaluation gives the superiority of the IEKF based estimation over extended Kalman filtering (EKF) based method.
Synthesis and characterization of ceria doped zinc ferrite nanopowdered crystallites
Authors: Kumar Narender , Rohilla Sunil , Gupta S.K.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we have reported the synthesis of fine crystallites of ceria doped zinc ferrite by co-precipitation and an open air heat treatment method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) gave the data for structural analysis. The XRD data were refined by Rietveld refinement using FullProf suite software. The evolution of the crystalline phases has been analyzed. The effect of precursor concentration is reflected in the resulting diffractogram. Structural characterization revealed the cubic structure of zinc ferrite with a space group of FD-3m(227) and the cubic structure of CeO with a space group of fm-3m(225). Structural parameters such as the lattice constant of the direct lattice, the lattice constant of the reciprocating lattice, lattice strain, covalent bond angle, dislocation density, crystallite size and Wyckoff positions were calculated.
White light emitting dysprosium doped lanthanum oxalate single crystals
Authors: Vandana S , Joseph Cyriac
Published: November 2021

Single crystals of Lanthanum oxalate [La2 (C2O4)3]1OH2O and Dy3+ doped Lanthanum oxalate [La2-xDyx (C2O4)3]10H2O with x=0.1, 0.15, 0.2 were grown by gel method and characterised by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Thermal stability of sample was investigated by thermo gravimetric analysis. UV-Visible absorption and photo-luminescent studies were also conducted. The emission spectrum on exciting at 271nm and 364 nm were recorded in which Dy3+ ions showed four emission bands at positions 458nm (blue), 478 nm (blue), 572 nm (yellow) and 655 nm (red) corresponding to transitions 4I15/2→ 6H15/2, 4F9/2→ 6H15/2, 4F9/2→ 6H13/2 and 4F9/2→ 6H11/2 respectively. The CIE coordinates, colour purity and CCT values were calculated, and all these parameters show that Dy3+ doped lanthanum oxalate single crystals are suitable candidates for white light emitting applications.
Synthesis & characterization of nanostructure VO2 thin film
Authors: Ojha P K , Mishra S K
Published: November 2021

Vanadium dioxides are strongly correlated systems which undergo an insulator-metal transition (IMT) from a low-temperature semiconducting phase to a high-temperature metallic phase. Among them, Vanadium dioxide (VO2) undergoes IMT close to room temperature, accompanied by a structural transition resulting change of several orders of magnitude in the electrical and optical properties. Here, we present the synthesis of VO2 by sol-gel process which employs cost-effective precursors to synthesize pure phase of VO2 thin films. The synthesized thin films were characterized using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm phase purity and high resolution scanning electron microscope (HR-SEM) to study the crystallite and particle size for the synthesized films. The film’s surface was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the valence state and chemical composition of vanadium dioxide.
Properties of nano Δ* open sets
Authors: Meena K , Dhivya J , Kalaiselvi R
Published: November 2021

This article aims at introducing nano Δ* open sets in Nano Topological Spaces (NTS). The NTS are nothing but the spaces created in terms of equivalence relation which is derived from lower approximation, upper approximation and boundaries of a subset of a universal set. An elaborate study on various properties and characterizations of Nano Δ* open sets in relation with nano δ open sets and nano δg-kemel operator are explained in this article.
Computation of time-delay for Delayed Network Controlled Temperature Control System
Authors: Venkatachalam V , Ramasubramanian M , Thirumarimurugan M , Prabhakaran D
Published: November 2021

This paper presents an Investigation on the stability of network controlled temperature control system having Time-Invariant feedback delays, by utilizing a direct method for TDS stability analysis. A PI controller based stability analysis for temperature control system with Time invariant feedback loop delay has been constructed in this paper. The stability problem has been formulated based on the transfer function model of the closed loop system with various time delays. For different subsets of the controller parameters, based on the stability criterion’s maximal permissible bound of the network link delay that the closed loop system can accommodate without losing the stability has been computed. The effectiveness of the obtained result was validated on a benchmark temperature control system using MATLAB simulation software.
Hybrid UNet Architecture based on Residual Learning of Fundus Images for Retinal Vessel Segmentation
Authors: Nagdeote Sushma , Prabhu Sapna
Published: November 2021

This paper deals with the new segmentation techniques for retinal blood vessels on fundus images. This technique aims at extracting thin vessels to reduce the intensity difference between thick and thin vessels. This paper proposes the modified UNet model by incorporating ResNet blocks into it which includes structured prediction. In this work we generate the visualization of blood vessels from retinal fundus image for two loss functions namely cross entropy loss and Dice loss where the network classifies several pixels simultaneously. The results shows higher accuracy by considering a much more expressive UNet algorithm and outperforms the past algorithms for Retinal Vessel Segmentation. The benefits of this approach will be demonstrated empirically.
Deep Learnt Features and Machine Learning Classifier for Texture classification
Authors: Mathu sudhanan S.R. , Priya K. , Uma Maheswari P.
Published: November 2021

Texture classification plays a vital role in the emerging research field of image classification. This paper approaches the texture classification problem using significant features extracted from pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) like Alexnet, VGG16, Resnet18, Googlenet, MobilenetV2, and Darknet19. These features are classified by machine learning classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Ensemble, K Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), and Discriminant Analysis (DA). The performance of the work is evaluated with the texture databases namely KTH-TIPS, FMD, UMD-HR, and DTD. Among these CNN features derived from VGG16 classify by SVM provides better classification accuracy rather than using VGG16 with a softmax classifier.
Effect of Delay Approximation of various orders on the open loop response of a Delayed Process Model
Authors: Juneja P K , Sunori S K , Sharma A , Sharma A , Kumar P , Wilson I , Maurya S , Bhasin P
Published: November 2021

In present analysis, response of a selected delayed first order process model is compared for various orders of approximation of dead time present in the transfer function model. Effect of different orders of approximation of dead time is analysed on the open loop step response of the system in terms of percentage change in original and dead time approximated system models. For this purpose, consistency parameter in a headbox of a paper machine is selected as a process model as it closely approximates to a first order delayed process model.
An Adaptive Frequency PLL Approach for Grid Connected Multifunctional Inverter for Residential Applications
Authors: Yada H K , Anumandla M R , Basha A A J
Published: November 2021

This paper presents an adaptive frequency Phase locked loop (PLL) based approach for grid connected multifunctional inverter is presented for residential applications. The proposed control structure deals with non-linear loads and also non ideal grid voltages like magnitude variation, frequency variation, unbalance harmonics, etc. and can effectively address the DC offset in a voltage signal which in turn improves the power quality. A third order generalized integrator based PLL with adaptive frequency and DC offset elimination blocks will effectively deal with the power grid voltage fluctuations, frequency variations and eliminate the phase difference between PLL output. This approach is implemented as control algorithm for single-stage single-phase grid connected multifunctional inverter topology for PV applications which feeds energy to the grid. The Maximum Power Point Tracking is obtained by Perturb & Observe method for extracting maximum power from a Photovoltaic system. A detailed analysis with the proposed control technique is presented in this paper. Experimental tests are conducted at various operating conditions to describe and verify the performance of the proposed control using MATLAB / Simulink.
Comparative Analysis of Surface Mounted and Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Low rating Power Application
Authors: Naik Supriya , Bag Baidyanath , Chandrasekaran K.
Published: November 2021

In this paper a comparative analysis is reported between Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet (SMPM) and Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) Synchronous Motor for low Power rating application using ANSYS Software. In this study, a 0.55Kw, 220V rated Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) with two different structures is considered. Here both electromagnetic (i.e. Air gap magnetic flux density) and electromechanical properties (i.e. torque) are considered for obtaining the target. In addition, Iron loss and is also involved for comparison. The results of the analysis were confirmed by Finite Element (FE) Analysis and were based on a simplified analytical model based on a given rating. Results obtained through this method, for validated with the result reported in the literature. Further modification is also done in the parameters and those results are also reported.
Improved fuzzy logic controller for cane juice extraction
Authors: Vasanthi A , Misra Yogesh , Murali Krishna P V
Published: November 2021

In current days Fuzzy logic plays auspicious role to provide so many choices for many applications which are system control. Fuzzy logic having no. of practical methodologies in soft computing. Sugar making industries are one of the applications using fuzzy logic controller. sugarcane juice extraction is an industry which is highly seasonable. If the supply of sugar cane is irregular then that reduces the efficiency of extractor from cane to mass producing sugar. So, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of extractor, which gives juice from cane billets. For that we must keep up the Donnelly height (or) level of cane is closed to 90cm. Where a methodology introduced to improve the three inputs controller with fuzzy is used to keep up the cane volume (or) level of Donnelly channel. For that cane level must and should always at 90cm. To limited that level (or) height of cane in chute (or) channel was developed by using of tool box in fuzzy logic designer, MATLAB software.
Gravimetric study and statistical data on the symbiotic effect of organic intermixtures on corrosion inhibition of P4 mold steel
Authors: Loto Roland T. , Ogaga Asamaige
Published: November 2021

The corrosion protection properties of the intermixed of l-leucine and vanillin (LLVL) on P4 mold steel within 1.5 M H2SO4and HCl media was studied by weight loss analysis. Calculated data revealed the inhibition effect of the intermixed compound performed poorly at low H2SO4concentrations due to inability of the combined inhibitor molecules to aggregate and effectively hinder the dispersion of the destructive anions to the steel surface. The inhibition efficiency decreased significantly with time to values below effective inhibitor performance. However, from mid to optimum concentration, inhibition efficiency of the compound was generally stable with time with values generally above 85%. In HCl media, the inhibition efficiency of the intermixture was generally above 80% at all concentrations with respect to the inspection time. The inhibitor compound exhibited greater stability in HCl compared to H2SO4solution. Calculated values of standard deviation in H2SO4were broadly greater than the outputs received in HCl due to the degree of variation between LLVL inhibition efficiency values. The margin of error at 95% confidence shows 65% of LLVL inhibition efficiency values obtained in H2SO4solution have values above 70% inhibition efficiency with margin of error at +12.07% while in HCl solution, 100% of the LLVL inhibition efficiency data obtained is above 70% with margin of error of +1%. Analysis of variance showed the statistical relevance of inhibition efficiency in H2SO4and HCl solution is significantly higher the corresponding relevance for inspection time with values of 70.45% and 71.18%.
Numerical Investigation of M21 Aerofoil and Effect of Plain Flapper at Various Angle of Attack
Authors: Patel Vimal , Rathod Vikram , Patel Chirag
Published: November 2021

The aerofoil plays an important role in any structure moving in a fluid-like in a passenger plane, jet plane, or helicopter. The aerofoils decide whether the lift force is appropriate to balance the weight of the plane or not and the amount of drag force is required on the vehicle. The purpose of this project is to simulate the M21 Aerofoil with the help of FLUENT and validate it with theory. This Project also includes the study of various Flapper designs and their simulation. Flappers are useful when the Airplane is about to take-off or landing. The Important parameters to be study are Lift Force, Drag Force, lift coefficient, and Drag coefficient. Simulation has been done for the different Angle of Attack which is useful for finding maximum Lift force and Stall Angle. The Work includes simulation of Plain Flapper for the Angle of Attack where CL/CD is maximum. Similar work can be done for different types of Flapper used in Airplane. The stall angle achieved for M21 was 24° and maximum value of CL/CD measured at 7° A.O.A. Investigation also shows that for the 10° plain flap angle highest drag and lift force was possible. It contains the study of the Adverse Yaw effect which rolls the Airplane while taking a turn. since the validity of any theoretical prediction can only be assessed in practice.
Assessment of stress state and dynamic characteristics of plane and spatial structure
Authors: Urazmukhamedova Z. , Juraev D. , Mirsaidov M.
Published: November 2021

This study is devoted to the assessment of the stress state and dynamic characteristics of various structures. The actual task at the design stage is to determine the parameters of a structure. In this article, a mathematical model was developed for assessing the stress state and dynamic characteristics of plane and spatial structures based on the Lagrange variational equation using the d’Alembert principle. The variational problem for the structures considered by the finite element method leads to the solution of nonhomogeneous algebraic equations or to the solution of algebraic eigenvalue problems. To assess the adequacy of the model and the accuracy of the numerical results obtained, a plane and spatial test problem with an exact solution was solved. Using the proposed model, the eigenfrequencies and modes of oscillations of the gravitational and earth dams (296 m high) of the Nurek reservoir were investigated. At that, it was revealed that in the natural modes of vibration of earth dams, the greatest displacements under low frequencies are observed at the crest part or at the middle of the slopes.
Rubber tapping machine performance and procedure
Authors: Kohli Anirudh , Hombalmath Mahesh , Patil Arun Y , Kotturshettar B B
Published: November 2021

Rubber tapping is a rubber latex extraction process which has to be done early morning in order to satisfy cool climate for latex flow. It is a tedious process which takes great work force and man-hour it has to be done with great accuracy. It is a great necessity for an automated or mechanized tapping to cope with the market requirement. So it is required to design a Rubber tapping machine which should be affordable to small planters.
Effect of loading rate on tensile and fracture behavior of AA2050-T84 alloy at high temperature
Authors: Ekabote Nagaraj , Kodancha Krishnaraja G
Published: November 2021

AA2050-T84 alloy is commonly used in the fabrication of modern commercial aircraft wing parts. Load and temperature variation during aircraft take-off, flight, and landing at different environmental conditions is substantial. Mechanical properties variation of AA2050-T84 alloy at sub-zero and room temperatures are significant and well documented in the literature. In the present work, at a high temperature of 200°C, the effect of load rate variation on tensile and fracture properties of AA2050-T84 alloy are experimentally and numerically studied. The load rates represented in strain rates were applied at 0.01, 0.1, and 1s−1. Experimental tensile tests exhibited the positive strain rate dependency on the yield and ultimate strength of the alloy. 2D numerical elastic-plastic fracture analysis was carried out using Abaqus 6.14. Similar to tensile results, the fracture parameters dependency on strain rates was witnessed. Overall, higher strain rate causes the increased susceptibility of fracture failure with the increase in yield stress of the material.
Buckling and Free Vibration Analysis of Laminated Sandwich Beams under Hygrothermal Conditions
Authors: Garg A , Gupta S , Chalak HD
Published: November 2021

In present work, an attempt has been made for carrying out free vibration and buckling analysis of laminated sandwich beams under hygrothermal conditions. The analysis is carried out using fourth order zigzag theory based on finite element formulation. The efficiency of proposed model is validated by comparing the present results with those available in literature. Geometric properties and loading condition widely affect the behavior of the laminated sandwich beams.
Thermal properties of epoxy nanoclay composite materials
Authors: Dandapani  , Devendra K , Revennasiddappa  , Girish S
Published: November 2021

Composite materials are an emerging topic for research as a new competitive material in engineering. New classes of composite material manufactured from particles, nanoparticles and resins, and have experienced efficient and economical for the development and also replacement of new as well as deteriorating structures. In this study epoxy-nanoclay composite materials with varying compositions of nanoclay compared with pure epoxy and epoxy with 10, 20, and 30 by weight fraction of nanoclay are prepared for better insulating materials. The various thermal properties of the material were analyzed to demonstrate that the the prepared composite is a good insulator. An increase in specific heat maximum by 11.26%, thermal stability by 58.82% results in decrease in thermal conductivity maximum by 25.65%, diffusivity to 46.8% and also co-efficient of thermal expansion with an increase in nanoclay proportion is observed. DSC, TGA and TMA are used for determining the thermal properties. SEM and EDS analysis were used to show homogeneous mixture of epoxy and nanoclay.
Structural Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Corroded Column
Authors: Usha Rani M
Published: November 2021

Worldwide in the construction industry uses reinforced cement concrete. The different types of structures which were built using reinforced cement concrete served for long period. But due to faulty design, improper quality control and corrosion of reinforcement there are notable premature failure and subsequently sudden collapse of the structure occurs. The presence of aggressive medium such as moisture and chloride ions are the main factors which are induces the steel corrosion. The cost involves for repairing the corroded structure escalate very rapidly which leads property loss to the people, if the problem is not corrected. Columns are the main structural members of R.C bridges when exposed to de-icing salt they are more vulnerable to steel reinforcement corrosion. The thorough knowledge about the corrosion can get only by proper investigation. This experimental work mainly focuses on structural behaviour R.C columns subjected to steel corrosion. Columns with two different size were cast and accelerated corrosion was induced. Structural behaviour of the columns were studied with axial load test and compared with conventional specimen. The ultimate load carrying capacity, axial strain, energy absorption capacity were reduced in all the corroded columns
Computational Investigation of Micro-channel Heat Sink with Rectangular Shape Obstacles
Authors: Wadekar P M , Shinde A B , Patil V B , Kulkarni P D. , Kengar P V , Jadhav S.V.
Published: November 2021

Nowadays a lot of interest is given to the geometrical modification of heat sink systems to cool down the electronic components. To improve the performance index of the heat sinks, the use of geometrical features with different shapes and at different locations on the surface can be a valuable approach. In this paper, the effect of rectangular shape obstacles on the micro channel heat sink (MCHS) performance is studied. Due to surface features, vortex is developed which helps to increase the heat transfer rate. Numerical modeling software Comsol Multiphysics with heat transfer in fluid physics is used to investigate the characteristics of a micro-channel heat sink. The numerical result shows that the heat transfer rate can be improved through an appropriate arrangement of rectangular shape obstacles, on the heat sink. Numerical analysis and the comparison is carried out for micro-channel heat sink with and without obstacles. In this paper, various parameters like temperature rise, cell Peclet number and Mean effective thermal conductivity are studied.
Investigations on the Stability of a Two-Wheeled Vehicle with a Tendency to Topple Sideways
Authors: Sidharth R , Pranav V K , Nitheesh Kumar G , Sreedharan Pramod , Gayathri G
Published: November 2021

Two-wheeled vehicles are the most commonly used means of transportation. Every day many unspoken tragedies are happening on the roads that kill the hope of many families. The primary cause of this is the inherent instability of the two-wheeled vehicle. In this paper, the precession effect of the gyroscope is used to prevent the sideway toppling of the bicycle. When the bicycle begins to tilt, the torque created by the gyroscope’s precession effect is applied to the gimbal, and the ensuing reaction moment keeps the bicycle upright. The movements of a bicycle with a gimbal placed on the bottom are measured, and a three-dimensional model with a sliding mode controller is created and simulated.
Determination of Corrosion Resistance Properties of Al-Sio2 Composite Material
Authors: Velavan K , MuthuKrishnan T , Srinivasan T , Sethuvelappan P , Ramanan N
Published: November 2021

The Al-Sio2 Composite work are widely used in engineering application in automotive industry in india and other countries. The Al-Sio2 composite has been mainly used on high corrosion resistance material. The material used as a high thermal application also. Example boiler shield and engine shield also. The main performance of Al-Sio2 material used in a corrosion resistance properties. Because the aluminum composite material when goes to the heat treatment application. The material was meeting in corrosion. In this way engineering industry was affected. So we are currently focused the work corrosion resistance application. In this work we have used for the Al-Sio2 material was reinforced in aluminum 6061 material. The material was developed by stir casting method. The method the stirrer was run by 2000 RPM. And the material was molten by 550 degree temperature. That time the Al-Sio2 powder was dropped by the molten metals. Hence the composite now formed by Al-Sio2 composite material. After that we have checked by the SEM fractures and XRD measurement and other material properties also and also fracture surface of the materials. Finally we have concluded the result of work also.
Ex Situ Tribological and Electro-chemical analysis of Aluminium
Authors: Pratapa Y Reddy , Narayana K L , Kedar Mallik M
Published: November 2021

Aluminium sample coupon is evaluated for electro-chemical, tribological and microstructural study under selected test conditions. Aluminium is a light-weight material chiefly preferred in fields like automobile, aerospace, marine and satellite domestic appliances etc. Moreover, due to its specific characteristics, it plays a crucial role in industries and research fields. In the present work, the ex situ tribological (wear test), electrochemical (corrosion test), mechanical (microhardness test) and microstructural (nodularity percentage) behaviours of Aluminum sample is presaged. The test results reveal that, when experiment advance, with respect to time the wear rate increases, frictional force is decreased and pin temperature increased. The corrosion test is held on specimen coupon in two modes, before and after wear test, and observed that the corrosion rate gets improved on specimen after wear test. Nodularity analysis also express that the nodularity percentage is increased by 5%. Before wear test, the percentage of accepted count to total count of nodules on texture is 65.18%, while the percentage after wear test is found to be 70.29%. The Vickers Microhardness analysis exhibits the hardness value as 160 HV on Vickers Hardness Scale.
Strengthening of concrete square column using FRP composites
Authors: Manoj Aiswarya , Sathyan Dhanya
Published: November 2021

Strength and energy absorption capacity are the important parameter for axially loaded column. This paper investigates the strength of unconfined square concrete column and externally confined square column with fiber-reinforced (FRP) composites with synthetic carbon fiber and natural banana fiber. This type of strengthening of column is widely accepted in practice. Axial strength test is performed on confined square column with different parameters such as number of layers of FRP materials, wrapping patters like full wrapping, center wrapping and hybrid pattern. Both natural and synthetic fibers are used for FRP-confined square concrete column. It was found that external confinement using FRP material improved the axial-load carrying capacity, load-deformation and ductility of the square column compared to the unconfined square column.
Estimation of Temporal R-factor Based on Monthly Precipitation Data
Authors: Maurya Narendra Kumar , Tanwar Prakash Singh
Published: November 2021

This study assesses temporal variation in rainfall erosivity of Gurushikhar, Rajasthan, (India) on a monthly precipitation basis in the form of the USLE/RUSLE R-factor. The objective of the paper is to theoretically calculate rainfall erosivity when the unavailability of high temporal resolution pluviographic rainfall data such as Indian condition. In the study, the rainfall erosivity has been calculated using the Modified Fourier Index. The results show that the annual rainfall erosivity factor (R) value highest in the year 2017 and lowest in 1974. Conferring to an examination through NASA, earth’s global superficial temperatures in 2017 ranked as second warmest since 1880. Therefore, the rainfall amount was more in 2017 compared to past years, and also rainfall erosivity value suddenly increased in 2017, achieved the highest value. They concluded that the heavy precipitation events in the year are lead to an increase in rainfall erosivity value and risk of soil erosion.
Estimation of stress and strain of knee joint using finite element analysis
Authors: Chandran Aadarsh S , Trivedi Reena , Modi Bharat , Patel Rajesh
Published: November 2021

In the present paper, finite element analysis of the knee joint is performed for stress and strain estimation of the knee joint for osteoarthritis patients. Osteoarthritis (OA), called the wear and tear arthritis is commonly occurring arthritis wherein a gradual loss of cartilage from the joints are observed. This leads to the joint bones rubbing quite close against one another with less amount of shock-absorbing done by the cartilage causing pain, stiffness, swelling, decreased movability and bone spur formation can be observed. It is mostly observed in patients above 45 years old, but weight and gender are also some of the factors forcing a quick onset of the disease. Using modelling software Blender, a solid model is made of the bone component, namely tibia, fibula, femur and patella as well as Ligaments and cartilages. Using finite element simulation software, analysis is done to determine the level of stress under various forces on the joint. The knee joint experiences a maximum stress and strain of 2.352 MPa and 0.02454 respectively which are within safe static condition. The study can be further extended to predict the danger of failure for the patients having osteoarthritis conditions which in turn will help to take a preventive measure for the knee joint.
An experimental study on the effect of various stack materials on thermoacoustic refrigeration effect
Authors: Roy Debojit , Ghosh Sandip
Published: November 2021

Thermoacoustic Refrigeration is a phenomenon in which cooling takes place by using high-intensity sound waves, which is gathering attention of many researchers in recent days. This alternative environment friendly technology could play an important role in near future. The paper is mainly an experimental case study on a thermoacoustic refrigeration system build in a laboratory environment with the commonly available materials. The setup was tested for various frequencies of sound to observe its effect on the drop of temperature. The refrigeration effect was also studied for various stack materials. It was observed that sinusoidal waves are better responsive to the production of the refrigeration effect. Moreover, the effect is more pronounced for paper-foil made stack.
Thermal Modelling for Laser Machining of SS316 L, Inconel 718 and Ti6Al4V
Authors: Dongre Ganesh , Rajurkar Avadhoot , Haria Akash , Kulkarni Abhilash , Raut Ravi
Published: November 2021

Laser beam machining is a complex thermal process of material removal. In this process, thermal energy is used to vaporize and remove the material from a particular area. Hence a comprehensive study is needed to completely understand the process which can be achieved by a simulation model and its validation through experimentation. In this paper this was achieved with an experimental study to see the relation between the Laser power and the material removal rate (MRR) of SS 316 L, Inconel 718 and Ti6Al4V during the process of Laser Machining. Also a 3D transient model of a moving Gaussian heat source was developed in ANSYS 18.2 to predict the MRR for different values of laser power. Mesh sensitivity analysis was done prior to the usage of the model so as to choose the perfect mesh size which can give the best results possible. After validation of the model, a close correlation was found between the experimental data and the simulation results. In the simulation model it was also observed that the temperature is maximum at the point of contact of the laser and is comparatively very high for a fraction of second.
Martensitic transformation behavior and structural characteristics of annealed Ni-Mn-Sn-Fe-In Heusler alloy
Authors: Nambiar Sandeep S. , Murthy B.R.N. , Sathyashankara Sharma , Prasanna A. A.
Published: November 2021

Ni-Mn based heusler alloy with Ni50-xFexMn30Sn20-yIny where 1<=x<=4; 2<=y<=8 are studied for their structural as well as mechanical characteristics using various testing facility such as field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersion spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry and Vickers hardness equipment. From the general understanding the materials are to display a transformation of austenite-martensite. The materials are seen to be showing this transformation in and around near room temperature. The optical and FESEM imaging of the specimen show that during annealing heating to high temperature to longer time, the diffusion kinetics are activated at faster rate so that the dendritically structure is annihilated to develop well distributed grain structure. The coarser dendrites seems to be broken and fine grain, well dispersed phases are formed. X-ray diffraction confirms the peak split and martensitic transformation in the system of alloys. DSC results confirm the martensitic transformation around room temperature.
Studies on Pyrolysis Oil derived from waste Tires as Fuel for Diesel Engine
Authors: Kapilan N. , Ashok Kumar K. , Hari Chandra B.P.
Published: November 2021

In recent years, the number of automotive vehicles are increasing as these vehicles are becoming essential in developed and developing countries; which results in increase in waste tires. In most of the developing and under developed countries, the waste tires are not scientifically disposed and pollutes the environment. The synthetic rubber present in the tire is not biodegradable. Hence a research work is carried out to convert the waste tires and tubes into fuel using the process of pyrolysis. The tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) properties were compared with fossil diesel and it was observed that the properties of tire pyrolysis oil and diesel are closer. In the diesel engine the tire pyrolysis oil was used as partial substitute for the diesel and engine tests were performed by varying the engine loads. The results of the engine tests show that the tire pyrolysis oil can be effectively used as partial substitute in diesel engine with no need of making modifications in the engine’s fuel injection system. This paper discusses the waste tire statistics, conversion of tire into tire pyrolysis oil and engine studies with tire pyrolysis oil.
Evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of hygrothermally aged 2-D basalt-aramid/epoxy hybrid interply composites
Authors: Pai Yogeesha , Pai K Dayananda , Vijaya Kini M
Published: November 2021

Polymer composites used in outdoor applications are exposed to environmental factors such as temperature and moisture which may affect the mechanical performance of the composites. In this study, the influence of moisture absorption on the mechanical properties of basalt-aramid/epoxy hybrid interply composites were evaluated. Two different types hybrid interply composites were taken for the investigation namely (301A/03B/301A) and (451A/03B/451A). Composites were prepared using compression molding process and cut specimens were subjected to three different ageing environments for 180 days. Selected ageing conditions are, (i) ambient temperature ageing (ii) Sub-zero temperature ageing (−10°C) and (iii) Humid temperature ageing (40°C and 60% Relative humidity). Mechanical tests of the aged composites were carried out to analyse the behaviour of the composites. Moisture uptake of the specimens follow Fick’s law of diffusion with saturation absorption of 5.44%, 3.12% and 1.80% for ambient, sub-zero and humid specimens respectively. Results revealed that (301a/03B/301a) aged composites possess higher mechanical properties compared to (451a/03B/451a) aged composites. Highest reduction in properties were observed in ambient aged specimens followed by humid and sub-zero specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe the damage modes of the fractured specimens. Matrix deterioration, micro cracks and fibre fracture were the major types of failures observed in aged laminates.