bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tifinaghe Document Converter
Authors: Boutaounte Mehdi , Naji Driss , Fakir M. , Bouikhalene B. , Merbouha A.
Published: December 2013

Recognition of documents has become a basic necessity for two reasons: first to secure the existing data in paper because of the limited of their lives duration and the high rate of destruction insects, fire or humidity secondly to reduce space of archives. The aim of this work is to realize a converter that detects images and text within a document image taken by a scanner and applying a system for the recognition of characters (OCR) in order to obtain a web page (HTML extension) ready to be used in the same computer or on the web hosts to be accessible by everyone.
A Preventive Action Management Platform in Healthcare Information Systems
Authors: Peixoto Hugo , Abelha António , Santos Manuel , Machado José
Published: December 2013

Preventive actions management plays a crucial role in clinical applications, not only for those who depend on data to make decisions, but also for those who monitor the operational and financial impact of the systems. This paper presents an open-source platform, named ScheduleIT, capable of managing preventive routines. The platform is based on an estimation model that determines the optimal time interval for interventions, according to the criticality of the system and the number of non-programmed faults, among others. ScheduleIT has a web-based interface available to a different area end-user, ranging from IT technicians to administrative staff. At this point, the platform covers around 75% of the healthcare systems and it is fully accepted by its main users as a reliable and effective preventive tool.
Ant Colony Algorithms for Data Learning
Authors: Hamlich Mohamed , Ramdani Mohammed
Published: December 2013

Fuzzy Ant-Miner algorithm processes data with nominal class and has the disadvantage of not treating the data with continuous class. In this paper, after presenting the Fuzzy Ant Miner algorithm, the authors propose a new learning method to partition heterogeneous data with continuous class. This method in a first step finds the optimal path between the data using algorithms of ants. Distance adopted in their optimization method takes into account all types of data. The second step vise to divide the data into homogeneous groups by browsing the optimal path found. A new test probability is estimated based on the distance and the amount of pheromone deposited by ants in the transitions between the data. A third step is to find the prototype of each cluster to identify the cluster membership of any new data injected.
Multimodal Approach for Emotion Recognition Using a Formal Computational Model
Authors: Meftah Imen Tayari , Le Thanh Nhan , Ben Amar Chokri
Published: December 2013

Emotions play a crucial role in human-computer interaction. They are generally expressed and perceived through multiple modalities such as speech, facial expressions, physiological signals. Indeed, the complexity of emotions makes the acquisition very difficult and makes unimodal systems (i.e., the observation of only one source of emotion) unreliable and often unfeasible in applications of high complexity. Moreover the lack of a standard in human emotions modeling hinders the sharing of affective information between applications. In this paper, the authors present a multimodal approach for the emotion recognition from many sources of information. This paper aims to provide a multi-modal system for emotion recognition and exchange that will facilitate inter-systems exchanges and improve the credibility of emotional interaction between users and computers. The authors elaborate a multimodal emotion recognition method from Physiological Data based on signal processing algorithms. The authors’ method permits to recognize emotion composed of several aspects like simulated and masked emotions. This method uses a new multidimensional model to represent emotional states based on an algebraic representation. The experimental results show that the proposed multimodal emotion recognition method improves the recognition rates in comparison to the unimodal approach. Compared to the state of art multimodal techniques, the proposed method gives a good results with 72% of correct.
Simulation of a New Self-Structured Fuzzy Controller Applied to a Temperature Control Process
Authors: Lasri Rafik , Rojas Ignacio , Pomares Héctor , Nemiche M.
Published: December 2013

A new methodology of Fuzzy Controllers that can change the internal parameters of the controller in real time is presented in this paper. The Self-structured algorithm is able to adapt their rules consequents and re-organize their MFs in real time according to the current state of the controlled plant. Via a simulation of a temperature control process, the authors have proved and demonstrated the effectiveness and usefulness of their control algorithm compared to a conventional FLC under the same condition and using the same Simulated plant.
Virtual Manufacturing Technology Application in Calculation of Man-Hour in Manufacturing
Authors: Zhang Ping Hao , Liu Zhao Long , Ding Yan Bin
Published: December 2013

Firstly, three problems encountered in the development of shipbuilding industry were analyzed; secondly, questions in man-hour management relative with enterprise competitiveness were discusses; and then to the welding as an example, the methods of improving the accuracy of man-hour measurement by virtual manufacturing technology were researched; finally summarizes the full text, improvement in the management of the system from top to bottom, at the same time, reserve various method actively at the technical level from bottom to top.
A Bluetooth-Based Portable Design Device with Wireless Power Module for Electrocardiogram and Respiration Measurement
Authors: Ren Ren , Chen Xian Xiang , Hu Xin Yu , Zhou Bing , Tan Xiao , Wang Yu , Xia Shan Hong
Published: December 2013

This paper presents compact design and implementation of a portable device for application of continuous Electrocardiogram(ECG) and respiration measurement in the field of dynamic health monitoring. Bluetooth technique is used for data transmission between portable device and acquisition node such as computer or smart phone, given its advantages of low power consumption and easy wireless connection. The device also includes a wireless power module for charging the lithium polymer battery with the charging current up to 300mA, which makes power supply much more conveniently. Measurement of ECG and respiration is implemented by two electrodes layout solution and ADS1292R which enable the system design at significantly reduced size(60mm*40mm), power, and overall cost. Experiments are carried out with appropriate work parameters as sample rates and resolution. The results show that our device can accurately acquire the ECG and multiple respiration states..
Performance Analysis of a Solid State Transformer for Smart Grid
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Da Hai , Sun De Da
Published: December 2013

Solid State Transformer (SST) has many attractive characteristics, including power quality improvement and reactive power compensation. The paper investigates the topology and control schemes of SST, and discusses its flexibility and reliability for both grid and customers. A model of SST applied for distribution network is constructed, and simulation shows the SST with appropriate control scheme can provide excellent power supply during both steady-state and dynamic-state with varying load.
Solar Energy Intelligent Water Pumping System Design
Authors: Li Pei , Bai Xue Feng , Hou Xiao Xia , Song Xiao Na , Li Dan
Published: December 2013

With the global environmental deterioration and energy crisis, for its pollution-free, noise-free, mobile simple, would not subject to geographical restrictions such as the unique advantages, solar energy will replace the tradition non-renewable energy. solar water pump system is a photo-mechanic-electronic integration system that is rapidly developed in recent years, which uses electricity from solar cells, through the controller, control the water pump, finally realize the pump operation. in this paper, the research significance, present situation,development direction and the advantages of solar energy will be introduced ,and water pump system use the single chip processor as the core, ultimately to achieve the use of solar energy and complete pumping function. And on the basis of this design, through the system extension and upgrading, with corresponding implementation agencies, can also be applied to industry.
The Study of Control Strategy of Multi-Microgrid Based on AC Bus
Authors: Shi Ji Hong , Xia Kai , Zhu Ren Jie , Yu Jiang
Published: December 2013

As microgrid is a significant part in the development of smart grid, researches focusing on operation efficiency, intelligent control and smooth transition with the main distribution network are very important in advancing micro-grid technology. This paper studies multi-microgrid control strategy based on IP and MAS and divided microgrid to three levels which are important, less important and unimportant. Then simulation experiments are designed to realize seamless transition between connected mode and island mode, intelligent management of microgrid by priority when the output power of main grid decrease.
Analysis for the Seepage Stability of the Upstream Cofferdam of One Hydropower Station
Authors: Yuan Yu Lin , Peng Yun Feng
Published: December 2013

According to the geological conditions of upstream cofferdam and foundation of the hydropower station, analysis for the seepage of the upstream cofferdam used SEEP/W module of Geo-studio software. Analysis for the stability used SLOPE/W module with Swedish circle method and Bishop method. Safety factor of the upstream and downstream in different conditions was obtained. The results show that the design of the upstream cofferdam was reasonable, and it will provide theoretical basis for Seepage control design of cofferdam.
Research of Lightning Over-Voltage and Simulation Program of Substation Based on EMTP
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhou Shao Ping , Chen He , Luo Xiao Long , Fan You Ping
Published: December 2013

High voltage substation is the junction station of electrical power system. In order to conduct lightning over-voltage simulation and analysation of couple of substations rapidly and intuitively, a serialization supposed simulation program of substation is developed based on the research of EMTP kernel and data format. Model of impulse grounding resistance and improved leader progression is included in the program, which enhance the accuracy as much as possible and satisfying the demand for emulation of different type and voltage level. Through the simulation of some 500kV high voltage substation, the influence to lightning over-voltage of different system operating plan and lightning strike spots is analyzed, which verifies the validity and convenience of the program.
Design of Anti-Earthquake Gas Valves Wireless Monitoring System in Urban Community
Authors: Sun Zhi Yuan , Zheng Xue , Wang Zi
Published: December 2013

According to the existing layout design of gas valves in urban communities, we come up with a wireless monitoring system which is able to efficiently control gas valves in certain area when seismic events occur and introduce in detail the system terminal’s hardware and software design. This terminal has earth’s activity collection and valves mutual monitoring function in one, and realizes real-time collection of earth’s vibration. When it earthquakes, the wireless LAN can realize functions such as earthquakes sensing and safe disposal of valves. Through optimizing the wireless network, we can guarantee system overall safety and stable operation. This system’s low power consumption, strongly real-time, high flexibility indicate its broad application prospects.
The Design of Temperature Field Monitoring Based on Fluent and Kingview
Authors: Chen Zai Ping , Zhang Fei
Published: December 2013

The problems of fluxion, heat transfer and combustion are frequently met in practical project. In order to solve the problem of complicated measurement and high cost, combined the advantage of FLUENT and KINGVIEW, according to OPC, JOURNAL, and ACTIVEX, the interface software was developed, the software can realize the online monitoring for temperature field.
The Simulation Experimental Research on Large Diameter Fresnel Lens Mold Machining
Authors: Guan Jia Liang , Wang Zhi Wei , Cao Cheng Guo , Zhang Xiao Hui
Published: December 2013

Reasonable selection and optimization of cutting parameters is an important part of the study on large diameter Fresnel lens mold process, which has a direct impact on the dynamic stability of processing state and processing quality of the large diameter Fresnel lens mold. Through a large number of experiments, we analyzed and summarized the influence law of spindle speed, feed and cutting speed on the dynamic stability of large diameter Fresnel lens mold processing state; The experiments show that when the cutting speed is more than 120m/min and the feed is about 1μm/r ~1.5μm/r , the continuous chip forms , breaks easily, the relative vibration amplitude between workpiece and tool is low, the cutting process is continuous and stable, and the machined surface quality is fine. The experiment results provide an important basis for the actual production of large diameter Fresnel lens mold.
Study of Reconstruction of Vehicle-Pedestrian Collision Accident Based on Computer Simulation
Authors: Pan Gong Yu , Zhang Shu , Zhu Lu Sheng
Published: December 2013

During the traditional traffic accident handling, the position information of vehicle and pedestrian is only considered and the information of pedestrian injury is often neglected. In order to improve the reliability of pedestrian-vehicle accident detection, this paper proposes a car accident detection method based on integrated information of vehicle position and pedestrian injury. According to a real vehicle-pedestrian accident, it is proved the proposed method is more effective on accident detection than traditional method.
The Simulation Study of Asynchronous Motor Based on dq Coordinate System
Authors: Li Yi Ming , Rong Jun
Published: December 2013

With the improvement of modem science and technology, asynchronous motor plays more and more important role in modem industrial life, and asynchronous motor has the broadest application and requirement in all kind of motors. The paper firstly builds the mathematical model of asynchronous motor in dq coordinate system, then establishes the simulation models of asynchronous motor based on Matlab/Simulink. The last the paper gives the simulation results and analyzes the simulation results. The results prove that the theoretical analysis of asynchronous motor in dq coordinate system is correct completely, and it lays a solid foundation for the study of control method for asynchronous motor.
Effect of Medium Parameters on Pressure Oscillation in Combustion Chamber
Authors: Xu Tuan Wei , Tian Wei Ping , Lin Mu , Wang Jian Ru
Published: December 2013

To correlate medium parameters and pressure oscillation in SRM (Solid Rocket Motor) combustion chamber, a two-dimensional axisymmetric model was developed based on the typical VKI (Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics) motor. Medium temperature and working pressure as the key parameters, LES (Large Eddy Simulation) was carried out for two groups of different models. Finally, pressure evolution and its FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) results were obtained. It indicates that for SRM with the same structure, medium temperature determines the frequency of pressure oscillation, and working pressure dictates its amplitude.
Analysis of Affecting Factors of Ground Deformation Based on Shield Tunnel Excavation
Authors: Li Li Xin , Zou Qi Yun , Wang Jun Jia
Published: December 2013

The shield tunnel method is a way that widely used in tunnel build. However, the ground surface displacement and deformation because of tunnel excavation will bring a series of affections in our engineering. By using the finite element model of different tunnel excavation depth, different elastic modulus and different tunnel diameter of the tunnel, we predicted it correctly. Finally, we get the relationship between the surface displacement and the depth of tunnel excavation, diameter, strength of soil.
Simulation on Vertical Vibration of Six-Roller Cold Rolling Mill
Authors: Ma Xu , Zhu Xing Hui , Li Jian Wei , Yang Jing Hong , Yang Quan Lu , Lv Li Sha , Ye Jin Duo , Ding Yan Hong
Published: December 2013

According to the chatter phenomenon of 3rd stand of a steelworks six-roller tandem cold mill (TCM), vertical vibration of tandem cold mill was simplified to eight degrees of asymmetric freedom mass-spring system. Virtual prototype model on vertical vibration of tandem cold mill was established and natural frequencies and main vibration mode of mill were solved by using automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems in software ADAMS. The modal coordinates of main vibration mode of the mill were referred firstly and obtained; the maximal mode of vibration system was found and finally discovered the fifth-octave-mode chatter was the probable vibration of the mill.
An Extended Knapsack Public Key Cryptosystem
Authors: Ji Xiao Ping , Zhang Hai Bin , Wu Bo Ying , Li Guang Yu
Published: December 2013

We analyzed a typical cryptosystem and an easy extended knapsack subset sum problem is proposed. The solution is not chosen from any longer but from. Based on the problem, we construct a public key cryptosystem in which the plaintext is divided into some groups and each group has bits, so that the encryption and decryption can be very fast. The possible attacks are analyzed. Our cryptosystem not only can resist Shamir's attack but also can resist the low density attack, because of its high density. The number of the sequence is also much shorter than before with the same density.
Comparison of Rapid Extraction Algorithms of Major Colors
Authors: Jia Qi , Lü Xu Liang , Xu Wei Dong , Hu Jiang Hua , Rong Xian Hui
Published: December 2013

The extraction of major colors is the basis of image processing. In the process of camouflage pattern painting design, whether major colors are extracted rapidly and precisely are very important to the application. Histogram clustering and K-means clustering and ISODATA clustering are three widely using extraction algorithms. To test and compare the accuracy of the three algorithms, the definition of average color difference is introduced. Then, two representative forest land background images are used to compare the performance of three algorithms. The result shows that, ISODATA clustering algorithm is superior to other two kind of clustering algorithms.
EDM Characteristics of Inconel 718 and Using Control Chart for Process Stable
Authors: Tai Shih Hung , Hsu Chun Yao , Su Ching Hung , Lin Ching I
Published: December 2013

This study investigates the optimization of micro milling EDM process parameters to achieve multiple performance characteristics (low electrode depletion (ED), high material removal rate (MRR) and low overcut) in the Inconel 718 by the Grey-Taguchi method. Experimental results show that the electrode depletion decreased from 0.56 to 0.52 10-8 mm3/min, the material removal rate increased from 0.47 to 1.68 10-8 mm3/min and the overcut decreased from 1.27 to 1.19 μm under optimal micro milling EDM process parameters. Furthermore, control charts tell us when special causes of variation are impacting machining process. Control charts are basic and powerful tools in statistical process control and are widely used to control various industrial processes. The aim of statistical process control is to explore the predictability of a process. It was found that the EDM process and product characteristics are stable over time.
Parallel Dijkstra's Algorithm Based on Multi-Core and MPI
Authors: Han Xiao Gang , Sun Qin Lei , Fan Jiang Wei
Published: December 2013

Dijkstra’s algorithm is a typical but low efficiency shortest path algorithm. The parallel Dijkstra’s algorithm based on message passing interface (MPI) is efficient and easy to implement, but it’s not very suitable for PC platform. This paper describes a parallel Dijkstra’s algorithm. We designed the parallel algorithm and realized it based on multi-core PC and MPI software platform. The implementation is convenient, and the performance experiment shows that the algorithm has satisfied speedup and efficiency.
Meshless-Finite Element Coupling Method
Authors: Gao Yu Jing , Wang De Hua , Shi Gui Ping
Published: December 2013

We let the meshless method and the finite element method couple,so the meshless-finite element coupling method has the advantage. We based EFG - finite element coupling calculation principle and we drawn shape function of the coupling region, we obtained energy functional from weak variational equations and we find the numerical solution. EFGM-FE coupling method overcomes the simple use of meshless method to bring the boundary conditions and calculation intractable shortcomings of low efficiency. We found that this method is feasible and effective.
Design of Pulse Magnetron Sputtering Deposition Control System Based on Multifunction Controller
Authors: Liang Yan , Qin Yu , Wang Min Xue , Zhu Chang Chun
Published: December 2013

A new design technique about pulse magnetron sputtering control system Which bases on multifunction controller and automatic control theory is proposed. This system includes a host PC, a gust multifunctional controller and the local instruments. It controls the process of films deposition automatically and it is also composed of three models corresponding for different operational requests. The characteristic of sputtering deposition films shows the steadily and effectively advantages in this technique.
Odor Source Localization Research of Mobile Robots in Indoor Environments
Authors: Li Chun Shu , Yang Zhi Hua , Cui Gen Qun , Jin Bo
Published: December 2013

Aiming at the odor source localization in an obstacle-filled wind-varying indoor environment, a new method based odor source localization algorithm for a single mobile robot is proposed. With the information of the wind and the concentration gradient, Wasps can find odor source in a short time. However, it is very difficult for mobile robots to mimic the behaviors of wasps exactly. So, besides the bionics, BP neural network is adopted for the mobile robot to find the odor source. The control strategies for the plume-tracing mobile robot are proposed which include the intelligent plume-tracing algorithm and the collision avoidance algorithm based on improved potential grid method. The algorithms were integrated to control the robot trace plumes in obstructed indoor environments. Experimental results have demonstrated the capability of this kind of plume-tracing mobile robot.
Fuzzy Logic Controller for Truck Active Suspension and Related Optimal Control Methods
Authors: Pan Gong Yu , Xu Teng Yue , Chen Yun
Published: December 2013

A 5-DOF active suspension model is established to study the trucks vibration performance, and a fuzzy logic controller has been designed in Matlab/Simulink. The simulation result shows that the control system on the trucks body suspensions can not only reduce the vibration of body but also the vibration level of the drivers seat, which improves the maneuverability and stability of the truck. Considering that the active suspension has complex structure and high cost, it is necessary to find a way to reduce the cost of production. The independent active control on front suspension or rear suspension has been studied and the effectiveness of the different control methods have been compared in detail.
Study on the Control Decision Technology of Intelligent Vehicle
Authors: Yan Ying Wei , Du Yu
Published: December 2013

Intelligent vehicle is of great significance on improving driving safety and efficiency. The control decision unit plays the role of human brain. To study on the control decision unit, this paper briefly introduces the concept and development of intelligent vehicle firstly. And then it analyzes the key technologies of control decision unit in detail: the information fusion, autonomous motion planning and vehicle control technology. Finally, it describes the prospect for the future development of intelligent vehicle.
Energy Efficient Relay Assisted Wireless Multicast System
Authors: Jiang Ting Song , Luan Xi , Xu Xiao Yan , Wu Jian Jun
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the optimization based on energy efficiency in a relay assisted wireless multicast system, where a single source communicates with multiple destinations with the help of an amplify-and-forward relay, is proposed. We assume that the source cannot reach the destinations directly, and thus the relay forwards the signal in two hops. Under the performance objective of maximizing the number of bits that the source sends to all destinations per Joule of the total energy spent, we formulate the optimization problem based on high SNR approximation, and prove that the problem can be extended to a standard Geometric Programming (GP) problem, which is a well-studied class of nonlinear and nonconvex optimization and has regular solutions. Finally, we provide a set of numerical results to illustrate energy efficiency corresponding to different channel conditions.
Research on Network NC Manufacturing Based on Internet
Authors: Zhuang Dian Zheng , Zhu Yu Hua
Published: December 2013

The paper introduced the method and technology of how to implement a Integrated Manufacturing, each CNC machining equipment is equipped with a special communication unit, each communication unit are directly connected with the DNC main control computers on the Internet, effect of special communication unit is mainly data buffer and protocol conversion, the TCP/IP protocol is used between communication unit and DNC main control Internet computer, and used serial communication protocol communication between communication unit and NC equipment. Using this technology, all kinds of CNC machining equipment and DNC system can be easily with the CAD/CAM/CAE system, digital profile measurement system, fault diagnosis and error compensation of intelligent system integration, providing good technical conditions for further information of various advanced manufacturing environment integration.
Study on Access Control Based on Trusted Computing
Authors: Ma Xin Qiang , Huang Yi , Lv Bo
Published: December 2013

An important new technology has recently been developed that will revolutionize trust and security for online transactions. Conventionally, most of the security-relevant functions are concentrated within the operating system. Often, these functions, especially those dealing with access control, are commingled with object management functions. This article, abstracted from a new book on the subject, explains the key concepts and the exciting potential of Trusted Computing Platforms (often abbreviated to Trusted Platforms). We discuss access control in multilevel database management systems applies and illustrate the main applies of access control based on Trusted Computing in the LogicSQL database system.
Simulation of Drill Pipe Lateral Vibration due to Riser's Oscillation
Authors: Al Batati Nabil , Hashim Fakhruldin M. , Pao William
Published: December 2013

This paper attempts to explain the motion behaviour of the marine riser coupled to a drill string when the vortex induced vibration (VIV) is involved. Vibrations have been reported to have a major effect on the drilling performance, affecting the rate of penetration (ROP), causing severe damages to the drilling tools and also reduces the efficiency of the drilling process. There are two major components of drilling tools that are subjected to vibration, namely the marine riser and the drilling string. Analysis of vibration in the marine riser and drill string are two topical areas that have individually received considerable attention by researchers in the past. Though these two subjects are interrelated, borne by the fact that the marine riser encapsulates and protects the drill pipe, there have been few attempts to investigate them together as a unity. Due to the complexities of the models, simplified assumptions were made in order to undertake the investigation by using staggered approach. The results were compared with the experimental and simulation data from the open literature. It was found that the maximum displacement with negative damping occurs at low frequency and rotation speed.
Mineral Matter Study in Adaro Coal-EFB Blends to Mitigate Ash Slagging Problem in the Gasification Process
Authors: Othman Nor Fadzilah , Boosroh Mohd Hariffin
Published: December 2013

Ash is a by-product of solid fuels (eg. coal, biomass, petroleum coke) gasification, which can contribute to the gasifier performance. Continuous formation of ash slag will further accumulate and cause plant outage. In relation to that problem, this study is conducted to mitigate the formation of ash slag in gasifier. Adaro coal from Indonesia and empty fruit bunch (EFB) were used as blends. EFB is used to promote the utilisation of renewable energy source and to reduce the Green House Gas Emission (eg. CO2). Adaro coal and EFB; and 4 blended fuels from Adaro:EFB at blending ratios of 80:20, 85:15, 90:10 and 95:5 were prepared in laboratory. Prediction of slagging tendency for Adaro:EFB blends were conducted using two slagging indices, which are slagging index, Basic/Acidic (B/A) and ratio-slag viscosity index (SR). Mineral oxides (eg. SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3) from the ashes of single and blended fuels were determined using Filed-Element Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and were used as input for the prediction of slagging tendency. The results showed that Adaro:EFB with blend ratio of 80:20 and 85:15 had low slagging tendency based on slagging index (B/A) and SR. Therefore, these two blending ratios are suitable to be used in the gasification system to avoid the ash slagging problem.
Influence of Polyethylene Thickness on Axis Pin in Linked Elbow Implant
Authors: Heidari Milad , Harun Muhamad Noor , Syahrom Ardiyansyah
Published: December 2013

Elbow joint failure results in weakness, instability, pain and loss of motion. Total Elbow replacement is last way to relief pain and instability. One of available complications after total elbow replacement is bushing wear. Excessive bushing wear may cause instability, pain and inflammatory reply to implant loosening. New prosthetic designs is probably responsible for positive changes to decrease complications. The aim of the present study was to analyze effect of ulnar bushing thickness on transmitted stress to axis pin in linked elbow implant. Axis pin, humeral/ulnar components and polyethylene bushings were modeled. All materials were assumed linear, homogenous, elastic and isotropic. A 50 N force was applied in tip of ulnar component. Distal and proximal of humeral component were fixed. Results showed maximum stress at 94 MPa for axis pin contacting ulnar bushing with 10mm outer diameter while values were 111MPa and 138MPa for ulnar bushing with 9mm and 8mm outer diameters respectively. The present study demonstrates that changing bushing thickness affects stress of axis pin.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Hybrid Ladderlike Polysilsesquioxanes Containing Polypropylene Moieties
Authors: Park Deock Sam , Ha Tae Sung , Lim Jung Hyurk , Kim Kyung Min
Published: December 2013

Novel ladderlike polysilsesquioxanes containing polypropylene moieties (LPS-PP) were synthesized from LPS having chloromethylphenyl groups (LPS) and polypropylene having hydroxyl groups (PP-OH). LPS-PP was characterized by FT-IR, DSC, SEM, EDX, and TGA. The obtained LPS-PP shows no melting temperature due to the disappearance of melting temperature of PP, indicating the rigidity of Si-O-Si backbone in ladderlike LPS. The char yield of LPS-PP is higher than that of PP-OH because of the silica parts of LPS. This new LPS-PP can be an interesting candidate to fabricate hybrid materials using interactions or compatibility between PP moieties of LPS and various organic polymers.
Investigation of Intermetallic Phase Formation and Structural Analysis in Annealed Al/Cu Bilayer Thin Films
Authors: Halim Zulhelmi Alif Abdul , Yajid Muhammad Azizi Mat , Rosli Zulkifli Mohd , Ali Riyaz Ahmad Mohamad
Published: December 2013

The growth of intermetallic phases in Al/Cu bilayers thin film having 2/3 layer thickness ratios were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In annealing temperature of 200 °C, the growth is controlled by Cu diffusion which resulted to formation of θ-Al2Cu, η-AlCu, ζ-Al3Cu4 and γ-Al4Cu9 phase.
Improvement of Cylinder Buckling Knockdown Factor through Imperfection Sensitivity
Authors: Ismail Mohd Shahrom , bin Baharudin B.T. Hang Tuah , Talib Zalaida , Yahya Shariza Azwin
Published: December 2013

This paper encompasses the work from numerical model by investigating the compression response of CFRP composite cylinder shells. The aim of this paper is to improve the reliability of NASA SP-8007 design guideline. The cylinder geometrical imperfections were tested through numerical modelling and validate with the experiment results. Good results comparison has been obtained through the work with small amount of errors. The cylinder shell load carrying capacity has been improved by average of 56% through imperfection study. This work builds confidence in the future use of non-linear finite element for the design of composite cylinder subjected to axial compression load.
Characterizations of Physical Properties of Sn-Bi Solder Alloy
Authors: Amares S. , Ervina Efzan Mohd Noor , Yap T.C.
Published: December 2013

As the electronic packaging industry is vastly being developed, the solder plays a crucial role in providing integrity electronic assemblies. Unfortunately, the traditional Sn-Pb solder is harmful to the environment and human due to lead (Pb) it contains. Hence, in this study, the Sn-Bi lead free solder alloy is investigated based on its physical properties together with melting temperature, hardness and microstructure. Investigation shows that this solder provides a low melting temperature of, Tm=141.08°C which is lower than the most used Sn-Pb, Tm=183°C and Sn-Ag-Cu, Tm=227°C. Moreover, the Sn-Bi solder also produces well-defined microstructures with Sn-matrix and bismuth precipitation on the matrix. The Sn-Bi solder also provides a higher hardness with average of 11.8Hv for Vickers hardness and 3.87BHN for Brinell hardness. All this results seem to satisfies the environment as well as producing better physical properties.
Lubricant Potentiality of Degraded Palm Oil and Effect of Free Fatty Acid Addition
Authors: Ikeda Koji , Tomohiro Kento , Ito Hironobu
Published: December 2013

Lubricant potentiality of used cooking palm oil was examined through four-ball friction test with modified palm oils of two different types. One category of tested oils was the heat-treated type which is expected as degraded palm oil by heating during cooking. The degraded degree was controlled by the length of heating period, then the acid number, AN, was varied between 0 and 3.5[mgKOH/. For these oils, temperature dependence druing friction test was examined on friction and wear between 40-100 ̊C. Degraded palm oil of higher acid number showed wear much more, and the wear for AN=3.5 showed almost double of non-heat treaed oil, but half of mineral oil, VG32, up to 85 ̊C. Friction coefficient did not show strong dependence of the acid number, and the value was 20%-lower than VG32 between 40-100 ̊ C.The other was the free-fatty acid added type which is expected as degraded palm oil by hydrolysis during cooking where boiled water reacts with palm oil. Four model oils were prepared, and each of them contained one of major palm oil components, such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid, at 10mass% to refined palm oil. For these oils, friction test was performed at 40 and 100 ̊ C to examine the effect of temperature. Addition of stearic acid showed lowest wear and lowest friction at both temperatures among fatty acid added types. The experimental results are discussed with kinematic viscosity, apprent normal stress, and apprent tangential shear stress.
Simulation of MEMS Capacitive Thermal Sensor Based on Tip Deflection of a Functionally Graded Micro-Beam
Authors: Ghadim Mohammad Abbasgholipour , Mailah Musa , Mohammadi-Alasti Behzad , Ghadim Mehdi Abbasgholipour
Published: December 2013

This work presents a simulation study on a novel micro thermal sensor to evaluate a different range of temperature. Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology is an interesting field in mechanics andmetrology. In this work, a capacitive micro thermal sensor based on tip deflection of Functionally Graded Micro-beam (FGM) was designed. The thermo-electric mechanical equations based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory were derived and solved using step-by-step linearization method. The increase in temperature was expressed with respect to the changes in the capacitance. The beam deflections were compared with the existing results showing good conformity with the highest error obtained as 4.3% at 65°C.
A Novel Iterative Method for Simulating Patient-Specific Optimal Deformation and Fit of Fracture Fixation Plates
Authors: Harith Hazreen H. , Malekani Javad , Schmutz Beat , Schuetz Michael , Yarlagadda Prasad K.D.V.
Published: December 2013

This paper proposes a new iterative method to achieve an optimally fitting plate for pre-operative planning purposes. The proposed method involves integration of four commercially available software tools, Matlab, Rapidform2006, SolidWorks and ANSYS, each performing specific tasks to obtain a plate shape that fits optimally for an individual tibia and is mechanically safe. A typical challenge when crossing multiple platforms is to ensure correct data transfer. We present an example of the implementation of the proposed method to demonstrate successful data transfer between the four platforms and the feasibility of the method.
Influence of Graphite Reinforcement on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum-Boron Carbide Composites
Authors: Muthazhagan Chinnasamy , Gnanavelbabu A. , Bhaskar G.B. , Rajkumar K.
Published: December 2013

This paper deals with the mechanical properties in conventional heat treatment of Al (6061)-B4C-Graphite. Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) is fabricated through two step stir casting method. The composites were fabricated with various volume percentage levels as Aluminium reinforced with (5, 10 &15%) Boron Carbide and (5,10 & 15%) of Graphite. Fabricated composites were subjected to conventional heat treatment for enhancing the mechanical properties. Influences of Graphite reinforcement on mechanical properties of Aluminum-Boron carbide composites were analyzed. The microstructure studies were also carried out. It is observed that increasing the graphite content within the aluminum matrix results in significant decrease in ductility, hardness, ultimate tensile strength. The addition of boron carbide conversely increased the hardness of the composites.
Influence of Fillers Surface Characteristics on Bound Rubber Properties of Filled Natural Rubber Compounds
Authors: Kamal Mazlina Mustafa
Published: December 2013

One of the most important phenomena in rubber science is the reinforcement by rigid entities, such as carbon black, clays, silicates and calcium carbonate. Thus, these fillers are added to rubber formulations to optimise properties that meet a given service application or set of performance parameters. Fillers can be divided into three categories reinforcing, semi-reinforcing and non-reinforcing. For a given elastomer and state of mix, bound rubber can be considered as a measurement of a surface activity of a filler and is considered as one of major factors in reinforcement. A strong rubber: filler interaction results in a large bound rubber content. Good dispersions and distribution of filler aggregates is also important for the full reinforcing potential of fillers to be reached. In this study, the influence of fillers on bound rubber content of Natural Rubber compounds were determined and compared. Results showed that the bound rubber content followed the trend of Carbon Black>Silica>Carbon Black>Starch. The two main filler characteristics that affect the bound rubber properties are the filler particle size and surface activity. The specific activity of the filler is determined by the physical and chemical nature of the filler surface in relation to that of elastomer. Keywords: reinforcement, surface energy
Microwave Hybrid Heating of Materials Using Susceptors - A Brief Review
Authors: Yahaya Bashir , Izman Sudin , Konneh Mohamed , Redzuan Norizah
Published: December 2013

This article discusses the fundamentals and benefits of microwave hybrid heating. High dielectric loss materials can be processed using direct microwave heating, whereas low dielectric loss materials can only be process using microwave through microwave hybrid heating. It was shown that it is possible to virtually process any type of materials via microwave hybrid heating. Microwave hybrid heating offers faster heating rate than direct microwave heating. It reduces the problem of thermal runaway experience in direct microwave heating of high dielectric loss materials. The two basic types of microwave hybrid heating techniques were discussed with emphasis on the use of susceptor. Microwave hybrid heating using susceptor offers the advantage of using single energy source.
Analysis of Contamination Soil with Cu from Road Side by Using Laser Ablation Technique
Authors: Arab Mustafa , Bidin Noriah
Published: December 2013

In this project, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been utilized to determine the heavy element (Copper) in soil sample. LIBS was used in this work to measure the detection limit of Cu in soil sample, on the basis of spectral features, many parameters to improve the sensitivity of LIBS detection of copper are proposed. Q-switch Nd:YAG laser pulse was carried out at 90 mJ and wavelength of 1064 nm to excite the soil samples in purpose of produce a fluorescence emission (plasma), which were analyzed via spectrum analyzer. The important experimental conditions such as the energy of laser source, integration time, the distance and angle of optical fiber from the sparks were optimized for obtain a best LIBS signal. Calibration curve of the Cu peak found to be 236.81 nm as the best peak to calculate the limit of detection (LOD) and found in this study about 2 ppm. From the results the concentrations of Cu is realized to be lower than the allowance limits of 1500 ppm according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency USEPA.
Effect of CaO on Barium Zinc Tantalate (BZT) Dielectric Properties
Authors: Hidayani Jaafar
Published: December 2013

The effect of CaO on microstructure and dielectric properties of Ba (Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3 (BZT) ceramics was investigated. The addition of CaO disturbed the 1:2 ordering to 1:1 ordering structure of BZT ceramic. The average grain size significantly increased with the addition of CaO and formed a more compacted structure. The relative density increased with the addition of a small amount of CaO, but it decreased when the CaO content was increased. The dielectric constant (ɛr) value of the BZT significantly improved with the addition of the CaO for the specimens sintered at 1250°C and it could be explained by the increased of the relative density. However, for the specimens sintered at 1300°C, the dielectric constant value decreased with the addition of CaO which is attributed to the decrease of the relative density. The tan δ of the CaO doped with BZT ceramics is lower than pure BZT ceramics, and decreases as the CaO content increases. Meanwhile, for the percentage of bandwidth (%BW) it is shown that the best result is when it is doped with 0.5 mol% CaO and sintered at 1250°C. The best microwave dielectric properties obtained are ɛr =70.44, tan δ = 0.025 which occur for the 0.5 mol% doped CaO and when sintered at 1250°C/4 h.
Nanoreinforcement of Pectin Film to Enhance its Functional Packaging Properties by Incorporating ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Suyatma Nugraha Edhi , Ishikawa Yutaka , Kitazawa Hiroaki
Published: December 2013

The main objective of this study was to enhance functional packaging properties of pectin film by using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as nanoreinforcing agent. Pectin/ZnO bio-nanocomposite films were fabricated at 4 levels of ZnO-NPs, i.e., 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0% (w/w). The effects of ZnO-NPs incorporation on improving the mechanical properties and water resistance of the films were investigated. ZnO-NPs were successfully incorporated into pectin films by nanodispersion technique followed by casting method. The presence of ZnO-NPs inside pectin films was observed clearly by SEM. The improvement in tensile strength could be achieved with ZnO-NPs incorporation without obvious loss in elasticity. Potential antimicrobial activity of pectin-ZnO nanocomposite films was proved in the absence of mold after exposing them at 97% RH and room temperature for 14 days, whereas the growth of mold had been observed in pure pectin film after 3 days of exposure. In terms of film transparency, the significant change in film opacity was only found in the film prepared with 5% of ZnO. Results suggested that it would be favorable to prepare pectin/ZnO nanocomposite film by using ZnO-NPs at the amount of 2% (w/w) in the future work.
Effect of Variation in Grain Size on High Temperature Creep Test of Fe-Ni-Cr Alloy
Authors: Hamzah Esah , Mudang Maureen , Khattak Muhammad Adil
Published: December 2013

Fe-Ni-Cr or known as Incoloy 800H and Haynes HR120 is a solid solution strengthened iron-nickel based superalloy which is extensively used in high temperature and corrosive environment. The effect of grain size in creep strength and creep rate comes through the grain boundary sliding and grain boundaries as barrier mechanism. This paper describes the effect of microstructural variation of Fe-Ni-Cr on the high temperature creep properties. The materials were heat treated at temperature 1050°C and 1200°C followed by water quenching process. The grain size of the samples of Incoloy 800H is 95.47μm for as-received, 122.81μm for solution treated at 1050°C and 380.95μm for solution treated at 1200°C. And the grain size of the samples of Haynes HR120 is 53.45μm for as-received, 61.50μm for solution treated at 1050°C and 158.27μm for solution treated at 1200°C. The creep damage investigation was carried out in the three different grain sizes of Fe-Ni-Cr superalloy at 900°C with stress at 100MPa. Rectangular section forms of specimens are used in the research. In all the tests conducted, the creep curves show primary, secondary and tertiary stages. The creep fracture surface were characterised by using scanning electron microscope. It was found that larger grain size results in lower creep rate for alloy Haynes HR120 but inverse result showed on alloy Incoloy 800H.
Performance Measurement System for Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Authors: Torabizadeh Mohammadehsan E. , Noordin M.Y. , Awaluddin M.S.
Published: December 2013

In recent years the topic of sustainable supply chain has received dramatic attention and become an important research area. These days there are some new challenges which companies should consider them such as climate changes, the negative effect of downturn, face the growing attention of people to ecology. In order to evaluate the sustainability performance measurement system becomes an important tool to assess the sustainability on environmental, social and economy aspect of supply chain management. For making the business case for sustainability issues in supply chain, it is critical to call for effective performance measurement system and metrics development.