bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-examining the Impact of ACFTA on ASEAN's Exports of Manufactured Goods to China
Authors: Yean Tham Siew , Yi Andrew Kam Jia
Published: October 2014

There is a relatively large body of literature examining ASEAN–China relations, including assessments of the impact of the ASEAN–China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) on ASEAN's welfare and its trade with China. Overall, the results of these studies indicate a positive impact of ACFTA on the region's exports to China. These results differ from firm-level surveys that indicate a low utilization rate of most regional trade agreement tariff concessions, including those provided by ACFTA. Moreover, trade in manufactured goods in the region has been characterized as market-led, and governed by multinationals (MNCs) and their regional production networks. Thus, MNC decisions are the driving force influencing changes in manufactured parts and components trade in the region. This trade is also fostered by duty-free imports in the export enclaves provided by the host economies for these MNCs. In view of the conflicting empirical evidence on the trade effects of regional trade agreements, the objective of this study is to re-assess the impact of ACFTA on ASEAN's manufactured exports to China. In performing this analysis, we separately evaluate the effects of trade in parts and components (P&C) and non–parts and components (non P&C) or final manufactured goods. When we apply gravity estimation methods to individual regressions for these two forms of trade, we find that the determinants of trade are indeed different for the two sectors, and that the implementation of ACFTA had different effects on P&C versus final goods ASEAN exports to China.
Quest for Permanence in the Tropics: Portuguese Bioprospecting in Asia (16th-18th Centuries)
Authors: Županov Ines G. , Xavier Ângela Barreto
Published: October 2014

The history of agricultural, botanical, pharmacological, and medical exchanges is one of the most fascinating chapters in early modern natural history. Until recently, however, historiography has been dominated by the British experience from the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, with Kew Gardens at the center of the “green imperialism.” In this article we address the hard-won knowledge acquired by those who participated in early modern Portuguese imperial bioprospecting in Asia. The Portuguese were the first to transplant important economic plants from one continent to another, on their imposing colonial chessboard. In spite of this, the history of Portuguese bioprospecting is still fragmentary, especially with respect to India and the Indian Ocean. We argue not only that the Portuguese—imperial officials, missionaries, and the people connected with them, all living and working under the banner of the Portuguese empire—were interested in gathering knowledge but also that the results of their endeavors were relevant for the development of natural history in the early modern period and that they were important actors within the larger community of naturalists.
Western Hemisphere Lasiochilinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) with comments on some extralimital species and some considerations on suprageneric relationships
Authors: CARPINTERO DIEGO LEONARDO
Published: October 2014

Seven Western Hemisphere genera (six known and one new), and 39 species (27 known and 12 new) of Lasiochilinae are redefined based on known and new characters. These new characters are briefly discussed. Plochiocorini, a new tribe, is erected in the basis of two genera: Plochiocoris Champion and Dolichiella Reuter. Anaelia, a new genus of Lasiochilini, is also erected based on the species Lasiochilus mirificus Drake & Harris. Ten new species are described as follows: Dilasia carvalhoi, D. cuscoensis, D. crassicornis, D. gracilicornis, D. neotropicalis, D. similis, Eusolenophora divisoides, E. testaceoides, Lasiochilus colpoides, L. duckei, Lasiocolpus vivianai and L. maesi. Taxonomic position of most of the Old World species is discussed. A table with measurements and ratios is included, and distributional maps are provided. In addition, a key to the tribes and genera of world Lasiochilinae is given, and relationships between cimicoid families is briefly revised.
Two new species of dark Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Oriental Realm of China
Authors: Wang GuoQuan , MURÁNYI DÁVID , Li Weihai
Published: October 2014

Two new species of the perlid genus Neoperla, N. tadpolata Li & Murányi, sp. nov. and N. yunnana Li & Wang, sp. nov. are proposed from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province of China, respectively. They are both typical members of the N. montivaga species group and the taxonomic relationships are discussed with related congeners of the group.
Redescription of Vertigo (Vertigo) nitidula (Mousson, 1876) (Gastropoda: Vertiginidae) from the Caucasus region
Authors: WALTHER FRANK , KIJASHKO PAVEL V. , HAUSDORF BERNHARD
Published: October 2014

A revision of material of a minute land snail species from the Caucasus region usually named Vertigo (Vertigo) sieversi (Boettger, 1879) (Pilsbry 1919; Schileyko 1984; Sysoev & Schileyko 2005; Egorov 2008; Sysoev & Schileyko 2009), including types of all described varieties revealed that adjustments of the delimitation and the nomenclature of this insufficiently known taxon are necessary. We reinstate the oldest available name, Vertigo (Vertigo) nitidula (Mousson, 1876), for this species, redescribe it, and discuss its distinction from Vertigo (Vertigo) substriata (Jeffreys, 1833) as well as its geographical range.
Implications of Limited Liquid Water Path on Static Mixing within Arctic Low-Level Clouds
Authors: Sedlar Joseph
Published: October 2014

Observations of cloud properties and thermodynamics from two Arctic locations, Barrow, Alaska, and Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA), are examined. A comparison of in-cloud thermodynamic mixing characteristics for low-level, single-layer clouds from nearly a decade of data at Barrow and one full annual cycle over the sea ice at SHEBA is performed. These cloud types occur relatively frequently, evident in 27%–30% of all cloudy cases. To understand the role of liquid water path (LWP), or lack thereof, on static in-cloud mixing, cloud layers are separated into optically thin and optically thick LWP subclasses. Clouds with larger LWPs tend to have a deeper in-cloud mixed layer relative to optically thinner clouds. However, both cloud LWP subclasses are frequently characterized by an in-cloud stable layer above the mixed layer top. The depth of the stable layer generally correlates with an increased temperature gradient across the layer. This layer often contains a specific humidity inversion, but it is more frequently present when cloud LWP is optically thinner (LWP < 50 g m−2). It is suggested that horizontal thermodynamic advection plays a key role modifying the vertical extent of in-cloud mixing and likewise the depth of in-cloud stable layers. Furthermore, longwave atmospheric opacity above the cloud top is generally enhanced during cases with optically thinner clouds. Thermodynamic advection, cloud condensate distribution within the stable layer, and enhanced atmospheric radiation above the cloud are found to introduce a thermodynamic–radiative feedback that potentially modifies the extent of LWP and subsequent in-cloud mixing.
Metastability of Northern Hemisphere Teleconnection Modes
Authors: Risbey James S. , O’Kane Terence J. , Monselesan Didier P. , Franzke Christian , Horenko Illia
Published: October 2014

This study applies a finite-element, bounded-variation, vector autoregressive method to assess midtropospheric flow regimes characterized by regime switches between metastable states. The flow is assessed in reanalysis data from three different reanalysis sets assimilating surface data only; surface and upper-air data; and ocean, surface, and upper-air data. Results are generally consistent across the reanalyses and confirm the utility of surface-only reanalyses for capturing midtropospheric variability. The method is applied to a set of regional domains in the Northern Hemisphere and for the full-hemispheric domain. Composites of the metastable states for each region yield structures that are consistent with the well-documented teleconnection modes: the North Atlantic Oscillation in the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific–North America pattern (PNA) in the Pacific Ocean, and Scandinavian blocking over Eurasia. The PNA mode includes a clear waveguide structure in midlatitudes. The Northern Hemisphere domain yields a state composite that reflects aspects of an annular mode (Arctic Oscillation), where the annular component in midlatitudes comprises a circumglobal waveguide. The Northern Hemisphere waveguide is characterized by wavenumber 5. Some of the nodes in this circumglobal waveguide manifest as part of regional dipole structures like the PNA. This situation contrasts with the Southern Hemisphere, where the circumglobal waveguide exhibits wavenumbers 3 and 5 and is monopolar. For each of the regions and modes examined, the annual time series of residence percent in each state displays prominent decadal variability and provides a clear means of identifying regimes of the major teleconnection modes.
Toward Energetically Consistent Ocean Models
Authors: Eden Carsten , Czeschel Lars , Olbers Dirk
Published: October 2014

Possibilities to construct a realistic quasi-global ocean model in Boussinesq approximation with a closed energy cycle are explored in this study. In such a model, the energy related to the mean variables would interact with all parameterized forms of energy without any spurious energy sources or sinks. This means that the energy available for interior mixing in the ocean would be only controlled by external energy input from the atmosphere and the tidal system and by internal exchanges. In the current implementation of such a consistent model, however, numerical biases and sources due to the nonlinear equation of state violate energy conservation, resulting in an overall residual up to several percent. In three (approximately) consistent model versions with different scenarios of mesoscale eddy dissipation, the parameterized internal wave field provides between 2 and 3 TW for interior mixing from the total external energy input of about 4 TW, such that a transfer between 0.3 and 0.4 TW into mean potential energy contributes to drive the large-scale circulation in the model. In contrast, the wind work on the mean circulation contributes by about 1.8 TW to the large-scale circulation in all model versions. It is shown that the consistent model versions are more energetic than standard and inconsistent model versions and in better agreement with hydrographic observations.
Global Calculation of Tidal Energy Conversion into Vertical Normal Modes
Authors: Falahat Saeed , Nycander Jonas , Roquet Fabien , Zarroug Moundheur
Published: October 2014

A direct calculation of the tidal generation of internal waves over the global ocean is presented. The calculation is based on a semianalytical model, assuming that the internal tide characteristic slope exceeds the bathymetric slope (subcritical slope) and the bathymetric height is small relative to the vertical scale of the wave, as well as that the horizontal tidal excursion is smaller than the horizontal topographic scale. The calculation is performed for the M2 tidal constituent. In contrast to previous similar computations, the internal tide is projected onto vertical eigenmodes, which gives two advantages. First, the vertical density profile and the finite ocean depth are taken into account in a fully consistent way, in contrast to earlier work based on the WKB approximation. Nevertheless, the WKB-based total global conversion follows closely that obtained using the eigenmode decomposition in each of the latitudinal and vertical distributions. Second, the information about the distribution of the conversion energy over different vertical modes is valuable, since the lowest modes can propagate over long distances, while high modes are more likely to dissipate locally, near the generation site. It is found that the difference between the vertical distributions of the tidal conversion into the vertical modes is smaller for the case of very deep ocean than the shallow-ocean depth. The results of the present work pave the way for future work on the vertical and horizontal distribution of the mixing caused by internal tides.
Shear-Relative Asymmetries in Tropical Cyclone Eyewall Slope
Authors: Hazelton Andrew T. , Rogers Robert , Hart Robert E.
Published: October 2014

Recent studies have analyzed the azimuthal mean slope of the tropical cyclone (TC) eyewall. This study looks at the shear-relative azimuthal variability of different metrics of eyewall slope: the 20-dBZ surface, the radius of maximum wind (RMW), and an angular momentum (M) surface passing through the RMW. The data used are Doppler radar composites from the NOAA Hurricane Research Division (HRD). This study examines 34 TCs, with intensities ranging from 3 to 75 m s−1 and shear magnitudes ranging from 0 to 10 m s−1. Calculation of the mean slope in each quadrant for all cases shows that RMW slope has the strongest asymmetry, with downshear slope larger than upshear in 62% of cases. Slopes of momentum surfaces and dBZ surfaces are also greater downshear in some cases (65% for M and 47% for dBZ), but there is more variance than in the RMW slope. The azimuthal phase of maximum slope occurs most often downshear, particularly downshear left, consistent with the depiction of a mean vortex tilt approximately 10° left of shear. Filtering the cases into high and low shear illustrates that the tendency for greater slope downshear is magnified for high-shear cases. In addition, although the dBZ slope shows less shear-relative signal overall, the difference between the dBZ slope and momentum slope is an important factor in distinguishing between strengthening and weakening or steady TCs. Intensifying TCs tend to have dBZ surfaces that are more upright than M surfaces. Further investigation of these results will help to illustrate the ways in which vertical shear can play a role in altering the structure of the TC core region.
Derivatives and Deregulation
Authors: Funk Russell J. , Hirschman Daniel
Published: October 2014

Regulators, much like market actors, rely on categorical distinctions. Innovations that are ambiguous to regulatory categories but not to market actors present a problem for regulators and an opportunity for innovative firms. Using a wide range of primary and secondary, qualitative and quantitative sources, we trace the history of one class of innovative financial derivatives—interest rate and foreign exchange swaps—to show how these instruments undermined the separation of commercial and investment banking established by the Glass–Steagall Act of 1933 even as overt political action failed to do so. Swaps did not fit neatly into existing product categories—futures, securities, loans—and thus evaded regulatory scrutiny for many years. The market success of swaps put commercial and investment banks into direct competition and, in so doing, undermined Glass–Steagall. Drawing on this case, we theorize that ambiguous innovations may disrupt the regulatory status quo and shift the political burden onto parties that want to maintain existing regulations. Our findings also suggest that category-spanning innovations may be more valuable to market participants if regulators find them difficult to interpret.
The Contaminating Effects of Building Instrumental Ties
Authors: Casciaro Tiziana , Gino Francesca , Kouchaki Maryam
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we examine the consequences of social networking for an individual’s morality, arguing that the content and approach of networking have different implications for how a person feels during the development and maintenance of social ties. We focus in particular on professional-instrumental networking: the purposeful creation of social ties in support of task and professional goals. Unlike personal networking in pursuit of emotional support or friendship, and unlike social ties that emerge spontaneously, instrumental networking in pursuit of professional goals can impinge on an individual’s moral purity—a psychological state that results from viewing the self as clean from a moral standpoint—and thus make an individual feel dirty. We theorize that such feelings of dirtiness decrease the frequency of instrumental networking and, as a result, work performance. We conducted four studies using both field and laboratory data from different populations to investigate the psychological consequences of networking behaviors. Two experiments provide support for a causal relationship between instrumental networking for professional goals, feeling dirty, and need for cleansing. A survey study of lawyers in a large North American business law firm offers correlational evidence that professionals who experience feelings of dirtiness from instrumental networking, relative to those who do not, tend to engage in it less frequently and have lower job performance. With regard to sources of variability in dirtiness from instrumental networking for professional goals, we document that when those who engage in such networking have high versus low power, they experience fewer feelings of dirtiness. An additional experimental study constructively replicates this finding.
Liminality, space and the importance of ‘transitory dwelling places’ at work
Authors: Shortt Harriet
Published: October 2014

This article draws attention to the spaces in-between and employees’ lived experiences of liminal spaces at work. It illustrates how and why liminal spaces are used and made meaningful by workers, in contrast to the dominant spaces that surround them. Consequently, the article extends the concept of liminality and argues that when liminal spaces are constructed, by workers, as vital and meaningful to their everyday lives they cease to be liminal spaces and instead become ‘transitory dwelling places’. In order to examine this shift from ambiguous space to meaningful place, the works of Casey (1993), amongst others, are used to make further sense of the space/materiality/work nexus in organizational life. This article is based on empirical data gathered from a nine-month study of hairdressers working in hair salons and explores the function and meaning of liminal spaces used by hairdressers in their everyday lives. The contribution of this article is three-fold; it argues that space is not just about dominant spaces; it extends the concept of liminality; and in connection with the latter, it demonstrates how transitory dwelling places offer fertile ground in which we might further develop our knowledge of the lived experiences of space at work.
Using Advanced Diagnostics in Differential Pressure Measurements
Authors: Nobes Tom S , Parkinson Steve , Hankey Neil
Published: October 2014

This paper discusses a diagnostic method of monitoring the integrity of dip-pipe legs applied in back-pressure level and density measurement. Applications are often vulnerable to two common faults in instrument pipework: leaks and blockages. Both are surprisingly difficult to diagnose on plant, so a new diagnostic technique has been jointly developed for use at Sellafield site.
Affirmative Action Regime Formation in Malaysia and South Africa
Authors: Lee Hwok-Aun
Published: October 2014

This paper examines the formation of majority-favouring affirmative action (AA) regimes in Malaysia and South Africa. Malaysia’s Constitution premises AA on a group’s special position; South Africa’s refers to unfair discrimination. Malaysia established AA amid continuation of a political order and consolidation of executive power, while South Africa democratized and transitioned from minority to majority rule. Minority groups held less economic power in Malaysia than in South Africa. Consequently, AA in Malaysia is characterized by discretionary decision-making, and quota-based, centralized programmes, whereas South Africa has followed a legislative route involving negotiation and enforcement of target-based, statutory requirements, under less centralized oversight.
Pursuing a Purpose
Authors: Peterson Jamie J. , Wardwell Clair , Will Kelsey , Campana Kristie L.
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) undergraduate psychology students were able to articulate while engaging in a career preparation seminar with an embedded service-learning internship. Results from the students’ reflective journals indicated students were able to describe a wide range of KSAs used and gained in their service-learning internship: communication skills, interpersonal skills, and working effectively with diverse populations. Although students were initially apprehensive about the time commitment, ultimately they found it was manageable and worthwhile; they reported enjoying helping others, gaining necessary workplace skills, increasing their knowledge of diversity, and learning more about the value of their psychology degree.
A phonological analysis of onomatopoeia in early word production
Authors: Laing Catherine E.
Published: October 2014

This article analyses longitudinal diary data from one infant acquiring German to seek a better understanding of the role of onomatopoeia in early language development. Onomatopoeic words (OWs) are traced over time in relation to their corresponding conventional forms (CWs), and an analysis of their phonological transitions is considered in relation to the infant’s wider language development. OWs are found to serve as a bootstrapping mechanism on a lexical as well as a phonological level, and a lexical OW ‘template’ is proposed, which is found to support phonological development throughout the infant’s output.
Shifting Liberal and Conservative Attitudes Using Moral Foundations Theory
Authors: Day Martin V. , Fiske Susan T. , Downing Emily L. , Trail Thomas E.
Published: October 2014

People’s social and political opinions are grounded in their moral concerns about right and wrong. We examine whether five moral foundations—harm, fairness, ingroup, authority, and purity—can influence political attitudes of liberals and conservatives across a variety of issues. Framing issues using moral foundations may change political attitudes in at least two possible ways: (a) Entrenching: Relevant moral foundations will strengthen existing political attitudes when framing pro-attitudinal issues (e.g., conservatives exposed to a free-market economic stance) and (b) Persuasion: Mere presence of relevant moral foundations may also alter political attitudes in counter-attitudinal directions (e.g., conservatives exposed to an economic regulation stance). Studies 1 and 2 support the entrenching hypothesis. Relevant moral foundation-based frames bolstered political attitudes for conservatives (Study 1) and liberals (Study 2). Only Study 2 partially supports the persuasion hypothesis. Conservative-relevant moral frames of liberal issues increased conservatives’ liberal attitudes.
Assessing the Psychological Changes of Gifted Students Attending a Residential High School With an Outcome Measurement
Authors: Rollins Marlon R. , Cross Tracy L.
Published: October 2014

This study examined the psychological changes that 272 students experienced while attending a residential school for gifted adolescents in the Midwest. This article shares the quantitative portion of a mixed-methods study. Outcome measurement data from the Youth Outcome Questionnaire Self-Report 2.0 (YOQ-SR) tracked students’ level of psychological distress over the course of an academic year. Using Latent Growth Curve Model (LGM) analysis, the results indicated a strong negative correlation ( r = −.884) between the slope and quadratic change, meaning the more the students’ level of stress increased, the more rapidly they were able to reduce it over time. Overall, student distress was not significant enough to reach clinical levels. There was no evidence to support the notion that the residential school experience was harmful to student psychological development.
SME managing director and non-executive director trust relations: The dynamic interplay between structure and agency
Authors: Boxer Rosie , Perren Lew , Berry Aidan
Published: October 2014

This article explores the trust relations between managing directors (MDs) and non-executive directors (NEDs) within small- and medium-sized enterprises. Complex mechanisms are revealed within repeated cycles of social interaction that result in the NED changing from an effective agent acting rationally on behalf of the company to an ineffective agent acting subjectively on behalf of the MD. Inherent tensions exist during this change of role and trust relations that threaten the self-esteem of both parties. NEDs being part of a peer network, serving for a fixed term and succession planning are proposed to counter these detrimental effects.
Are pure or hybrid strategies right for new ventures in transition economies?
Authors: Manev Ivan M , Manolova Tatiana S , Harkins Jason A , Gyoshev Bojidar S
Published: October 2014

This article examines the role of strategic intensity or commitment to a chosen course of action, and the impact of pure versus hybrid competitive strategies on competitive performance in transition economies, using survey data ( N = 333) from Bulgaria. We find that strategic intensity is positively related to performance; firms that deviate from pure cost leadership or differentiation and achieve a balance on both dimensions report superior performance. In a post hoc analysis of our data, we find preliminary evidence that strategic intensity may act as a mediator of the relationship between strategic type and performance.
The Effects of Survey Timing on Student Evaluation of Teaching Measures Obtained Using Online Surveys
Authors: Estelami Hooman
Published: October 2014

Teaching evaluations are an important measurement tool used by business schools in gauging the level of student satisfaction with the educational services delivered by faculty. The growing use of online teaching evaluations has enabled educational administrators to expand the time period during which student evaluation of teaching (SET) surveys can be completed by students. This added benefit increases the complexity of data collection and introduces new questions related to the time window during which SET survey administration should commence and stop. This article examines the role of the timing of SET survey completion on student satisfaction measures in the context of online marketing courses. The results indicate that there are significant differences between those students who respond early to survey invitations and those who respond late. Early responders and late responders reflect different segments of the student body, have different course evaluation formation dynamics, and exhibit different grade expectations. The findings suggest the existence of systematic biases in SET scores related to response rate, requiring educators to closely examine policies related to the timing of SET survey administration.
Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators in a Forensic Psychiatric Outpatient Setting
Authors: Henrichs Jens , Bogaerts Stefan , Sijtsema Jelle , Klerx-van Mierlo Fanny
Published: October 2014

This study investigated criminological, psychopathological, and victimological profiles of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators in a sample of 119 Dutch female and male forensic psychiatric outpatients aged 18 to 58 years. In addition, differences in criminological, psychopathological, and victimological factors between IPV perpetrators ( n = 61, 51.3%) and non-intimate violence (NIV) perpetrators ( n = 58, 48.7%) were examined. All data, including information on demographics, criminal history, history of psychological, sexual, and physical victimization during childhood or adolescence, family history of psychopathology, history of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence, and mental disorders, were derived from archival electronic medical records. Mental disorders were measured using structured psychiatric interviews and final consensus diagnoses were established during weekly case consultations. Both IPV and NIV perpetrators displayed high rates of criminal history, psychopathology, and previous victimization, but the two groups did not differ in these factors with two exceptions. IPV perpetrators were significantly more likely to have higher rates of previous physical victimization and intermittent explosive disorder than NIV perpetrators. The current study suggests that a history of physical victimization and intermittent explosive disorder are specific characteristics of IPV perpetrators in a forensic psychiatric outpatient setting. Future research should focus on mechanisms explaining the association of childhood victimization and IPV and increase our understanding of the role of intermittent explosive disorder in IPV.
Understanding How Advocates Can Affect Sexual Assault Victim Engagement in the Criminal Justice Process
Authors: Patterson Debra , Tringali Brenda
Published: October 2014

Following a sexual assault, survivors may seek help from multiple community organizations including the criminal justice system (CJS). However, sexual assault survivors often feel apprehensive about participating in the CJS and thus, few report their victimizations to law enforcement. Of those who report, many withdraw their participation from the CJS. Rape crisis center advocates often are one of the first professionals victims encounter while seeking help after a victimization and thus, they may play a key role in reducing barriers to victim participation in the CJS. Qualitative interviews were conducted with forensic nurses and victim advocates at a Midwest Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) program to examine how advocacy services may influence victim engagement with the CJS. This study found multiple components of advocacy services that may address common barriers to victim participation. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
The Relationship Between Child Maltreatment and Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration Among College Students
Authors: McQuiller Williams LaVerne , Porter Judy L.
Published: October 2014

Partner violence is a pervasive public health concern that has received significant attention over the past three decades. Although a number of studies have reported that college students who are Deaf or hard of hearing are at an increased risk of experiencing partner violence compared with their hearing counterparts, little is known about partner violence perpetration among college students who are Deaf or hard of hearing. Furthermore, beyond disability, studies examining partner violence among students with disabilities tend to ignore other potential risk factors that may increase the risk of partner violence as a victim and/or a perpetrator. This exploratory study examines the extent of partner violence among male and female college students by auditory status and the relationship between experiencing and perpetrating partner abuse (i.e., physical abuse and psychological abuse) and child maltreatment (i.e., witnessing abuse and experiencing child physical abuse). The study also examines gender differences in the relationship between child maltreatment and physical and psychological abuse victimization and perpetration. Data were collected from a sample of approximately 680 college students at a northeastern university. Findings indicate that having witnessed interparental abuse as a child was only significant for being an adult victim of physical abuse. Having been a child victim of parental abuse was not significant for any of the abuse measures. Gender was only significant for being an adult victim of physical abuse. Deaf students were significantly more likely to report all abuse measures. Implications and directions for further research are discussed.
Men’s Perceptions of an Acquaintance Rape
Authors: Angelone D. J. , Mitchell Damon , Grossi Laura
Published: October 2014

Sexual aggression is a persistent and prevalent issue in the United States, which often results in a number of psychological, emotional, and physical consequences for victims. The current study examined whether the length of relationship between the victim and perpetrator, level of victim resistance, and observers’ gender role attitudes play a role in observers’ perceptions of an alleged sexual assault. Participants included 297 male college students from a public university in the Northeastern United States. Contrary to hypotheses, there were no significant effects for length of relationship on participants’ attributions. Relative to no resistance, verbal and physical strategies by the victim predicted higher levels of victim credibility, perpetrator culpability, and perpetrator guilt, as well as lower levels of victim culpability and perceived victim pleasure. Endorsement of traditional adversarial sex role beliefs and hostile sexist attitudes, as opposed to egalitarian attitudes, were associated with the attribution of less credibility to the victim, perceived victim trauma, perpetrator culpability, perpetrator guilt, and shorter recommended prison sentences, as well as greater victim culpability and perceived victim pleasure. Laypersons’ perceptions of sexual assault merit further study, as they are relevant to juror decision making and third party responses to sexual victimization (e.g., peer support for victim) and can contribute to the secondary victimization and recovery of survivors of sexual assault.
Moral Blueprint or Neoliberal Gobbledygook?
Authors: Jezierska Katarzyna
Published: October 2014

Poland is often pointed to as the regional leader of transition processes with regard to the development and sustainability of civil society. This article presents a critical perspective on the direction in which Polish civil society has evolved after 1989. The author reconstructs existing frames of civil society within Polish elite NGO discourse and argues that one specific understanding of civil society—civil society as third sector/service provision—has gained a hegemonic position, marginalizing other conceptions and thus other functions of civil society. Civil society as moral blueprint, civil society as control power, and civil society as neoliberal gobbledygook are identified as coexisting, potentially counter-hegemonic frames. Thus, the quasi-public function, that is, providing services that the state does not, has become the dominant understanding of civil society suppressing its socialization and political functions, once so prominent in Central and Eastern Europe.
A Longitudinal Examination of Social Participation, Loneliness, and Use of Physician and Hospital Services
Authors: Newall Nancy , McArthur Jennifer , Menec Verena H.
Published: October 2014

Objective: This study examined whether social participation and loneliness predicted health care service use (physician visits, hospitalizations, length of stay in hospital). Method: Participants’ ( N = 954; 54% female; aged 45+ years) health data were tracked over 2.5 years following in-person interviews. Results: Being lonely was associated with greater number of physician visits, though this relationship was mediated by health. Neither loneliness nor social participation was associated with admission to hospital. However, for those who were hospitalized at least once over 2.5 years, being lonely was associated with a higher odds of being re-hospitalized; furthermore, greater social participation was associated with a lower odds of being in the hospital for an extended duration. These relationships held even when controlling for initial health. Discussion: Results provide evidence, using objective health care data, of the potential importance of social factors in predicting adults’ physician visits, re-hospitalization, and length of stay in hospital.
Classification-learning-based framework for predicting railway track irregularities
Authors: Bai Lei , Liu Rengkui , Sun Quanxin , Wang Futian , Wang Feng
Published: October 2014

Railway track irregularities are key factors that affect the safety of trains and the comfort of passengers. In this study, a railway track is separated into consecutive track maintenance units, which are used as research objects. We propose a novel framework, which is referred to as the tree-augmented naïve Bayes-track quality index (TAN-TQI), to identify possible underlying patterns or rules for predicting track irregularities based on the characteristic deterioration of track maintenance units. The prediction framework is validated using track irregularity data measured using track geometry cars. Our evaluation shows that the prediction performance of the TAN-TQI framework is better than that of the state-of-the-art method, the short-range prediction method for track quality index.
Efficiency gain of low-speed axial flow rotors due to forward sweep
Authors: Vad János , Halász Gábor , Benedek Tamás
Published: October 2014

The paper aims at discovering the relationship between the spanwise gradient of blade circulation and the total efficiency gain due to forward sweep, in the case of low-speed axial flow fans, at the design point. For this purpose, an extensive set of literature data have been processed and evaluated by statistical means. A trend function has been established for quantifying the aforementioned relationship. By such means, it has been pointed out that the efficiency gain due to forward sweep tends to increase with the spanwise gradient of blade circulation. This means that the purposeful incorporation of forward sweep in the design process offers an increased potential for efficiency improvement in the case of rotors of controlled vortex design. The maximum efficiency gain has been observed to be 2% to 3%, due to an in-house developed design method. It has been noted that the efficiency improvement due to forward sweep tends to be minor for free-vortex rotors. Furthermore, the efficiency tends to deteriorate if spanwise decreasing blade circulation occurs in forward-swept rotors. Remarks have been made on the means of simultaneous reduction of loss and noise related to low-speed axial fans, for a prescribed aerodynamic performance.
A banked wide-angle diffuser with application to electrostatic precipitators
Authors: Barratt Dylan , Kim Tongbeum
Published: October 2014

This article introduces a simple and robust method of achieving low-velocity, uniform flow in a wide-angle diffuser upstream of an electrostatic precipitator used to control particulate emissions. A diffuser is inherently vulnerable to boundary layer separation, which greatly deteriorates flow uniformity, adversely affecting electrostatic precipitator performance. Conventionally, two different approaches are used to prevent separation in a diffuser: either reduce the adverse pressure gradient inside the diffuser or increase near-wall fluid momentum to overcome the existing adverse pressure gradient. The present alternative simultaneously incorporates both approaches through the use of an ultra-high porosity cylinder bank and outperforms the predominant technology in terms of flow uniformity.
Multiple-degree-of-freedom sinusoidal vibration generation based on a hexapod platform
Authors: Wang Haiqiang , Huang Hai , Zhang Ze , Li Weipeng
Published: October 2014

This article presents an active control strategy for generating multiple-degree-of-freedom sine and swept-sine vibration by using a hexapod platform as a shaker. In contrast to the typical frequency domain control approach of shaker controllers, the presented strategy is implemented in time domain, which brings an advantage of avoiding iteration, reducing the time required to adjust control signal. The novel strategy is combined by two parts: first, 36 finite impulse response filters are designed based on system identification, which compensate the multiple-input multiple-output system; then adaptive disturbance cancellation method is used, acquiring high-precision sine vibration. Swept-sine vibration generation is implemented by expanding the designed compensating filters. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the validity of this control strategy. The result showed that the time domain error is less than 1 mg, essentially being kept in the level of environment noise.
A Holocene record of climate and hydrological changes from Little Llangothlin Lagoon, south eastern Australia
Authors: Woodward Craig , Shulmeister James , Bell Dorothy , Haworth Robert , Jacobsen Geraldine , Zawadzki Atun
Published: October 2014

We present a new well dated Holocene record of environmental change from Little Llangothlin Lagoon in eastern Australia derived from aquatic plant macrofossils, macroscopic charcoal flux, and sediment stratigraphy from multiple cores. Little Llangothlin was an ephemeral freshwater wetland exhibiting frequent dry phases between 9800 and 9300 calendar years before present (cal. yr BP). There was a switch to a more positive water balance after 9300 cal. yr BP, and by 8000 cal. yr BP, there was a lake that persisted until 6100 cal. yr BP. The period between 6100 and 1000 cal. yr BP was much drier, and there is no evidence for a permanent lake during this period. The Little Llangothlin record provides evidence for a wet phase during the Early to Middle Holocene (9000–6000 cal. yr BP) from the boundary region between temperate and tropical influences in eastern Australia. We propose that generally enhanced circulation after 9000 cal. yr BP explains the pattern of increasing moisture at the site at this time. The later Holocene climate at the site is consistent with other sites in south east Australia with a switch to generally drier conditions after 6000 cal. yr BP.
Climate change and fiscal balance in China over the past two millennia
Authors: Wei Zhudeng , Fang Xiuqi , Su Yun
Published: October 2014

The relation between climate change and historical rhythms has long been discussed; however, this type of study still faces the lack of high-resolution data of long-term socio-economic processes. In this study, we collected 1101 items of direct and proffered evidence from 24 Chinese fiscal and economic history books written by leading contemporary scholars. By analysing the semantics of words, we reconstructed a 2130-year-long fiscal sequence with decadal resolution to express the phase transition of fiscal soundness for approximately 21 dynasties in China. Our reconstruction shows four relatively sufficient stages and three relatively deficient stages, with several secondary stages lasting 60 or 160 years on average within each large stage, from 220 bc to ad 1910. Then, the fiscal association with climate change was analysed. The results show that the fiscal crisis was more likely to occur in cold-dry climatic scenarios. Both temperature and precipitation displayed more significant effects on the fiscal fluctuation within the long term, particularly for temperature. In short, fiscal decline had a 10-year lag in response to decreasing precipitation, whereas influence of decreasing temperature on the fiscal balance might be through amplifying already deteriorating fiscal conditions. Regional differences existed in the influence of precipitation on the fiscal balance. The precipitation in the Northern China Plain and in the Jiang-Huai area had more significant effects on the fluctuation of the dynastic fiscal balance than on that in the Jiang-Nan area. In particular, the dynastic finance was more sensitive to the change in the precipitation in the Northern China Plain because of its special geographical, economic and social backgrounds.
An Arctic seal in temperate waters: History of the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) in the Baltic Sea and its adaptation to the changing environment
Authors: Ukkonen Pirkko , Aaris-Sørensen Kim , Arppe Laura , Daugnora Linas , Halkka Antti , Lõugas Lembi , Oinonen Markku Juhani , Pilot Malgorzata , Storå Jan
Published: October 2014

The ringed seal ( Pusa hispida) is an early immigrant in the Baltic Basin and has since its arrival experienced substantial changes in the climate, salinity and productivity of the Basin. In this paper, we discuss the dispersal and distribution of the ringed seal during different stages of the Baltic Sea in relation to past and ongoing environmental changes. Subfossil ringed seal remains around the Baltic Sea and the Danish Straits were radiocarbon dated in order to map the distribution of the species in different time periods. The δ13C data were used in evaluating the changes in the marine character of the Baltic Basin. The sequence of the dates indicates a continuous presence of the species in the Baltic Basin. The earliest ringed seal finds come from the Skagerrak/Kattegat area (Denmark, Swedish west coast) and date to the full glacial period and Baltic Ice Lake. In the Baltic Basin, the species appears in the subfossil record during the Ancylus period, but the main part of the remains date to the Littorina stage. During the Littorina stage, the distribution of the species was at least periodically wider than today, covering also southern parts of the Baltic. The presence of breeding populations in southern parts of the Baltic during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) indicates that the winters were at least periodically cold enough for winter ice. The changes in the marine influence in the Baltic Basin can be seen in the seal collagen δ13C values, which serve as a proxy for qualitative changes in water mass salinity.
The national incidence and clinical picture of SLE in children in Australia – a report from the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit
Authors: Mackie F E , Kainer G , Adib N , Boros C , Elliott E J , Fahy R , Munro J , Murray K , Rosenberg A , Wainstein B , Ziegler J B , Singh-Grewal D
Published: October 2014

Objectives

The objectives of this paper are to prospectively determine the incidence of paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) in Australia as well as describe the demographics, clinical presentation and one-year outcome.

Study design

Newly diagnosed cases of pSLE were ascertained prospectively from October 2009 to October 2011 through the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit (a national monthly surveillance scheme for notification of childhood rare diseases) as well as national subspecialty groups. Questionnaires were sent to notifying physicians at presentation and at one year.

Results

The annual incidence rate was 0.32 per 105 children aged less than 16 years. The incidence was significantly higher in children of Asian or Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents. Approximately one-third of children underwent a renal biopsy at presentation and 7% required dialysis initially although only one child had end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) at one-year follow-up.

Conclusion

The incidence of pSLE in Australia is comparable to that worldwide with a significantly higher incidence seen in children of Asian and Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander backgrounds. Renal involvement is common but progression to ESKD, at least in the short term, is rare.
Scaling the mobility of health workers in an enlarged Europe: An open political-economy perspective
Authors: Hardy Jane , Shelley Steve , Calveley Moira , Kubisa Julia , Zahn Rebecca
Published: October 2014

The enlargement of the European Union in 2004 and 2007 and the marketisation of health care are increasing the mobility of workers and driving a scalar transformation of the sector across Europe. Drawing on questionnaires and interviews in 17 European Union countries, and focusing on two case study New Member States, we analyse inter- and intra-country drivers and impacts of health care labour mobility. The data are analysed from an open political-economy perspective underpinned by an understanding of scale as a socially constructed material entity mediated by national and supranational state institutions, and the collective agency of workers. We emphasise the contradictory and contested nature of rescaling health care and the complex micro-dynamics of mobility. Although absolute outward migration across borders is relatively small, the movement of health care specialists is having a disproportionate effect on sender countries and regions within them.