bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Metabolic Syndrome: Time for a Critical Appraisal
Authors: Kahn R. , Buse J. , Ferrannini E. , Stern M.
Published: December 2018

The term «metabolic syndrome» refers to a clustering of specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors whose underlying pathophysiology is thought to be related to insulin resistance. Since the term is widely used in research and clinical practice, we undertook an extensive review of the literature in relation to the syndrome’s definition, underlying pathogenesis, and association with CVD and to the goals and impact of treatment. While there is no question that certain CVD risk factors are prone to cluster, we found that the metabolic syndrome has been imprecisely defined, there is a lack of certainty regarding its pathogenesis, and there is considerable doubt regarding its value as a CVD risk marker. Our analysis indicates that too much critically important information is missing to warrant its designation as a «syndrome.» Until much needed research is completed, clinicians should evaluate and treat all CVD risk factors without regard to whether a patient meets the criteria for diagnosis of the «metabolic syndrome.»
Cardiovascular remodeling in thyrotoxicosis and its prognostic implication
Authors: Babenko A. Yu.
Published: December 2018

New data about the influence of thyrotoxicosis on the CVS, heart geometry, long-term cardiovascular prognosis and mortality, modern concept of pathogenesis of thyrotoxic miocardial remodeling, possibility of its reversal are described in present review. Also in this paper there are some data about the possibility of drug treatment of thyrotocic miocardial remodeling and its prevention.
On the problem of initial prevention of hypertension
Authors: Obraztsova G. I. , Kochetkov V. M.
Published: December 2018

Some approaches to estimation of disease risk by means of unfavorable attendant factors analysis are considered as one of initial preventive methods. Bayesian theorem, significance test and binary logistic regression are shortly described and compared. Calculation results concerning hypertension in children for various combinations of unfavorable factors are presented.
Q192R and L55M polymorphism in paraoxonase 1 gene in patients with coronary heart disease of different age and sex
Authors: Pardo Perales G. D. , Voitovich A. N. , Bogdanova M. A. , Anisenkova A. Y. , Badmaeva M. I. , Stepanova V. L. , Smirnov B. I. , Ryabkova T. N. , Isakov V. V. , Yagashkina S. I. , Semenova O. N. , Cherkashin D. V. , Boitsov S. A. , Kovalev Y. R. , Berkovich O. A. , Shlyakhto E. V. , Kirillova N. V. , Larionova V. I.
Published: December 2018

Evidence for genetic polymophisms may contribute to the dependence on sex and age differences in biochemical phenotypes, clinical manifestation, severity and success in medical treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) comes from a variety of studies. Two genetic polymorphisms, L55M and Q192R, in the human antioxidant system paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1) have been shown to be associated with increased risk of CAD. The aim of recent study was to investigate a possible association between polymorphic variants of PON1 and CAD in patients of different age and sex. The group of patients with CAD (323 men and 71 women) and the group of healthy (114 men and 84 women) randomly sampled from St Petersburg were investigated clinically, biochemically and genetically. We found out the genotype L55M and Q192R frequencies in the group of patients with CAD were different depending on sex and age (p = 0,057, p = 0,007). In women with CAD the frequency of 55MM genotype (ОR = 2,1311, 95 % CI 1,14-3,98) was significantly higher and the frequency of 192QR genotype (ОR = 0,59, 95 % CI 0,39-0,89) was significantly lower than in men with CAD who survived myocardial infarction (MI) under the age of 45. Our results suggest that both PON1 polymorphisms play the role in risk of CAD. Furthermore, PON1 polymorphisms act in various ways in patients of different age and sex.
Association of arterial wall stiffness with cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Ivanenko V. V. , Rotar O. P. , Konradi A.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To assess relation between central blood pressure and arterial stiffness with cardiovascular risk factors. Design and methods. 116 subjects considering themselves healthy were examined. 63 showed blood pressure elevation. Anthropometry was performed and fasting blood specimens were obtained from all patients. Plasma glucose and lipids levels were measured. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI) were measured by Sphygmocor Px device (Australia). Results. Parameters of arterial stiffness were strongly associated with hypertension, increased waist circumference, age, cholesterol level, and metaboloc syndrome. Females had higher AI as compared to males. Conclusion. Central blood pressure and arterial stiffness are determined not only by age and peripheral blood pressure but by cholesterol level and anthropometric parameters as well.
The dependency of structural and functional features of common carotid arteries on systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients
Authors: Melnikova L. V.
Published: December 2018

The paper addresses the dependence of common carotid arteries (CCA) remodeling parameters from systolic blood ressure value in patients with essential hypertension aged 30-62 years. Ultrasound examination of CCA and heart was arried out. Structural changes of CCA and central haemodynamic indices were estimated. Correlation between systolic blood pressure, CCA diameter and intima-media complex thickness was detected. Reduction of wall elasticity was revealed blood pressure increased.
Cardiological issues at the 1st Russian Internal Medicine Congress
Authors: Polyakov E. L.
Published: December 2018

The paper presents the history of Russian internal Medicine Society and its lsl Congress called in 1909 year and concerns main reports dealing with diagnosis and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, in brief the lectures on diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of gastrointestinal and infectious diseases, including tuberculosis.
Impact of vascular remodeling and of heart rate variability on antihypertensive and cardiovascular effects of indapamide retard in hypertensive patients
Authors: Iskenderov B. , Sisina O. N. , Shibaeva T. M.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To compare the antihypertensive and cardiovascular protection effects of Indapamide retard in response to arterial remodeling and heart rate variability (HRV) in hypertensive patients. Design and methods. Structural and functional indices of heart and brachial artery (BA) by ultrasound examination, circadian blood pressure (BP) rhythm and HRV by 24-hour ECG and BP monitoring were assessed at baseline and after 6-month therapy with Indapamide retard. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st group included 37 patients without arterial remodeling; 2nd group - 48 patients with arterial remodeling. Results. Antihypertensive effect of Indapamide retard did not differ in groups. Changes of HRV indices were signifi cantly higher in 1st group, but the regression of vessel remodeling and increasing of endothelium-dependent vasodilation were signifi cant in 2nd group. Conclusion. This study shows that cardiac protection and antihypertensive effects of Indapamide retard realize through autonomic modulation effect in absence of vascular remodeling, but direct vascular effect is observed in patients with vascular remodeling.
Differential therapeutic approach to hypertensive urgencies
Authors: Ruksin V. V. , Grishin O. V.
Published: December 2018

Design and methods. Effi cacy and safety of several antihypertensive medications were evaluated in 473 cases of nonthreatening hypertensive crisis. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by (Korotkov) method, hemodynamic parameters were evaluated by reographic investigation, and heart rhythm variability was recorded according to the guideline of International Society of Electrophysiology. Results. It was shown that antihypertensive therapy decreasing sympathoadrenal activity are preferable in emergency. In this situation clonidine and moxonidine were the most effective. Captopril was active if high diastolic blood pressure was registered. Nifedipine effi cacy decreased in patients with high sympathoadrenal activity and high increase of BP. Conclusion. Our results showed that the most effective and safe medication in case of the non-threatening hypertensive crisis was moxonidine
Pleiotropic effects of moxonidine
Authors: Chubenko Е. А. , Belyaeva О. D. , Bazhenova Е. А. , Karonova Т. L. , Kozlenok А. V. , Nifontov S. Е. , Bolshakova O. O. , Berkovich О. А. , Baranova Е. I.
Published: December 2018

Background. Imidazoline receptor agonist moxonidine besides its antihypertensive effect, can increase insulin sensitivity, reduce leptin level, improve lipid metabolism. However, the efficacy, tolerability and pleiotropic effects of moxonidine in postmenopausal women with essential hypertension (EH) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are not well established, and it was the objective of this study. Design and methods. 30 postmenopausal women with EH and MS (52,5 ± 0,4 years old) were included. Moxonidine was administered (400-600 mkg/day) for 12 weeks. Waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), WC/HC ratio, body mass index (BMI), insulin, leptin level, glucose, lipid profile of blood serum, index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and index of functional activity of pancreatic beta cells (HOMA-FB), echocardiography, intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid arteries (CCA). Results. Moxonidine therapy was associated with blood pressure (BP) decrease, body weight and BMI decrease, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and HOMA-FB index increase. Left atrium diameter and volume decreased, left ventricular diastolic function improved. Conclusions. Moxonidine is an effective antihypertensive drug for the treatment of postmenopausal hypertensive women with MS, which improves a range of metabolic, hemodynamic parameters and leads to the decrease of left atrium volume and diameter.
Atrial fibrillation and arterial hypertension
Authors: Baranova E. I.
Published: December 2018

Review deals with atrial fibrillation and arterial hypertension. Possible pathological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation due to hypertension include haemodynamic effects, structural and electrophysiological heart remodeling partly connected with activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Problems of primary and secondary prevention of atrial fibrillation in hypertensive patients are discussed, particularly the role of antihypertensive treatment including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers. Risk stratification for stroke and thromboembolism and anticoagulation therapy are discussed.
Structural modifications of NAP-22 in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Antonova O. S. , Plekhanov A. Y. , Petrova E. I. , Reznik S. Y. , Klyueva N. Z.
Published: December 2018

Background. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) strain is the most common animal model both of hypertension and of cognitive impairment. SHR show genetically determined calcium homeostasis abnormality. Objective. To investigate protein metabolism disturbance and reveal the difference in the level of a major proteinkinase C substrate, NAP-22, between SHR and normotensive WKY strain. Design and methods. Our experiments were carried out on SHR and WKY rats. NAP-22 amount was examined in developing hippocampus and in parietal cortex by immunoblotting with anti-NAP-22 serum. Results. In all studied age groups (5-30 days), the amount of NAP-22 (including both aggregated and non-aggregated NAP-22 forms) in SHR telencephalon was considerably higher than in control WKY strain rats. There was also a significant difference between rate of development during considered period in SHR and WKY rats. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate that calcium homeostasis alterations could result in both cardiovascular abnormalities and in the damage of central nervous system through NAP-22 dysregulation.
Sixty years later (To 60-year anniversary since publication of G.T. Lang's book «Essential hypertension»)
Authors: Volko V. S. , Poselyugina O. B. , Nilova S. A. , Rokkina S. A.
Published: December 2018

To evaluate neurogenic theory of essential hypertension taking into account the recently obtained findings. Design and methods. We analyzed evidence data and our own results from a group of 630 hypertensive patients. The threshold of their gustatory sensation to dietary salt (DS), urinary sodium excretion, daily blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography, cardiointervalography were studied; psychological state was assessed. The control group consisted of 350 healthy persons. Results. According to our data, inсreased DS consumption is the main factor leading to clinical and functional manifestations of arterial hypertension. According to the literature data citizens of blocked Leningrad obtained excessive amount of DS that could be the main cause of the epidemic of arterial hypertension in the blocked city. Conclusions. Decrease of DS consumption by population is fundamental preventive measure of lowering hypertension prevalence
Extraand intracranial circulation in patients with ischemic heart disease
Authors: Moroshkin V. S. , Moiseeva O. M. , Panov A. V. , Moroshkina N. V. , Zueva I. B.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To study the frequency and degree of atherosclerotic lesions of eхtra- and intracranial vessels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) before coronary arteriography and planned cardiac intervention. Design and methods. 100 patients with CAD, angina pectoris I-III functional class were examined: 58 men aged 48-72 years old (mean age — 58 ± 3 years) and 42 women aged 37-68 years old (57 ± 2 years). Duration of CAD varied from several weeks to 15 years (mean duration — 10 ± 2 years). Extra- and intracranial vessels were examined by Duplex scanning with colour Doppler (Vivid 7Pro, HP, the USA). Results. Atherosclerotic lesions of the common carotid arteries (CCA) with stenoses from 17 to 45 % awere revealed in 78 % males and 54 % females. Atherosclerotic plaques in a mouth of internal carotid arteries (ICA), narrowing vessel lumen from 25 to 57 %, were found in 38 % males and 20 % females, stenoseis from 25 to 34 % in brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) and in right subclavian arterys (SА) — in 30 and 18 % in males, and in 34 and 14 % in females, respectively. The right CCA was found to be S-shaped in 10 patients, both CCA were S-shaped in 8 subjects. Pathological S-shaped curve of IСА was found in 4 men and 7 women. Pathological trace of the vertebral arteries (VA) was found in 10 subjects. Hypoplasia of the right VA was visualized in 3 patients and hypoplasia of the left one — in two cases. S-shaped curve of VA was visualised in I segment in 23 % subjects, more frequently in females. 57 % subjects showed a moderate decrease of cerebrovascular reactivity. Mean decrease of reactivity was 18 % on hypercapnic load, 13 % on hypocapnic test, and 15 % decrease of vasomotor reactivity was observed. Conclusions. In one third of patients with CAD atherosclerotic lesions of extracranial vessels and local abnormalities of haemodynamics in the area of pathological curve caused the changes of brain circulation. Presence of a double gradient of systolic speed between proximal and distal segments (against the pathological curve) was the most significant indicator of local haemodynamic abnormalities in the curved extracranial arteries.
Carbohydrate metabolism and transformation of pre-diabetes into type 2 diabetes mellitus depending on diagnostic methods in nondiabetic patients with hypertension and high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Tolkacheva V. V. , Villevalde S. V. , Kobalava ZH. D.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To assess the glycemia status and risk of progression to diabetes mellitus (DM) depending on diagnostic criteria (fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, glycated hemoglobin HbA1c and their combination) in hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular (CV) risk without known DM. Methods. 433 hypertensive patients with high CV risk were included in the study. Stratification of CV risk was done in accordance with national guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension (2010). Patients were divided into groups with noncomplicated (n = 201) and complicated (n = 232) arterial hypertension. Follow-up was 6 years. Fasting glucose, 2-h glucose during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HbA1c were assessed in all patients each 6 months. The patients were divided into groups with normoglycemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), its combination (IFG/IGT), isolated HbA1c 5,7-6,4 % and newly diagnosed DM (ADA2011). Results. Impaired glucose status was diagnosed in 82 % of patients with arterial hypertension and high CV risk according to fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, HbA1c diagnostic criteria. IFG was the most prevalent in patients with non-complicated arterial hypertension, and newly diagnosed DM — in complicated arterial hypertension. HbA1c used as an additional criterion of impaired glucose metabolism in addition to OGTT contributes to the better identification of newly diagnosed DM in high risk hypertensive patients for 10 %. Two-hour hyperglycemia has higher predictive value for diagnosing DM in patients with complicated arterial hypertension, thus imposing the obligatory OGTT assessment in this group of patients. OGTT is desirable, but non-obligatory in patients with non-complicated arterial hypertension. Conclusion. The assessment of HbA1c and fasting glucose/2-h postload glucose has independent and complementary importance and helps to identify patients with different pathogenetic mechanisms of glucose metabolism impairment. Prognostic value of HbA1c as a diagnostic criterion of risk progression to DM is comparable with fasting glucose/ 2-h postload glucose assessment.
The relation of physicians to the goal blood pressure achievement and to the recommendations of arterial hypertension management. The problem of physicians’ inertia
Authors: Emelyanov I. V. , Protasov K. V. , Dzizinskiy A. A. , Konradi A. O.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To assess the attitude of primary care physicians in Russia to antihypertensive therapy administration and their readiness to achieve goal blood pressure, as well as causes of physicians’ inertia. Design and methods. The survey was performed in St Petersburg, Leningrad region (North-West region) and Irkutsk. The questionnaire was filled by 790 primary doctors (368 from St Petersburg, 57 in Leningrad region and 365 in Irkutsk). Results. More than half of Russian physicians were found to be predisposed to clinical inertia and the structure of its reasons is generally the same as in USA and Western Europe. The most frequent causes are contradictions between the good knowledge of the guidelines and subjective barriers to follow them in practice, especially in the elderly patients, overestimation of treatment success. Economical reasons are also relevant while lack of knowledge is less important.
Antihypertensive therapy with angiotensin II receptor blockers and risk of cancer
Authors: Baranova E. I.
Published: December 2018

The article reviews available up-to-date knowledge from randomized trials, observational trials and metaanalyses about the problem of risk of cancer as a possible complication of angiotensin II receptor blockers therapy.
Resistant isolated systolic hypertension: prevalence, hemodynamic and clinical features
Authors: Protasov K. V. , Fedorishina O. V.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To investigate the prevalence, clinical features and markers of resistant isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in elderly patients. Design and methods. 261 patients with essential arterial hypertension (AH) and mean age of 73,2 ± 7,2 were included into the study. Resistant AH was diagnosed both by the office BP and ABPM criteria. We detected and compared the ABPM parameters, myocardial, vessels and renal damage signs in the resistant ISH group with those of resistant systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH) and controlled AH groups. Factors reliably associated with resistant ISH development were revealed by logistic regression. Results and conclusion. The resistant ISH was detected by office BP in 11,8 % and by ABPM in 12,2 % of elderly patients. The resistant SDH was diagnosed in 13,6 and 5,4 % respectively. The «white-coat» effect was found in 30,4 %. In patients with resistant ISH the systolic BP variability, Sokolow-Lyon voltage index, left ventricular ejection fraction decrease occurrence and ambulatory arterial stiffness index were greater than in the compared groups. In comparison to controlled AH the aortic pulse wave velocity was higher while ankle-brachial index was lower. We found the markers of resistant ISH to be systolic BP variability, aortic pulse wave velocity and ambulatory arterial stiffness index.
THE INCIDENCE AND POSSIBLE CAUSES OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS DURING 1985–2010
Authors: Listopad O. V. , Yatsuk D. I. , Baranova E. I.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To evaluate the incidence and causes of atrial fi brillation in hospitalized patients of therapeutic profi le and to compare the dynamics of these parameters over past 25 years.

Design and methods.We analyzed 14595 medical histories of the faculty therapy clinic of Pavlov St Petersburg State Medical University for the periods from 1985 to 1990 years and from 2005 to 2010 years.

Results.The incidence of atrial fi brillation increased by 1,7 times over the past 25 years. There is a signifi cant increase in the number of patients with atrial fi brillation in combination with co-morbidities: obesity — 1,9 times, essential hypertension — 1,8 times, and type 2 diabetes mellitus — 3-fold increase. The incidence of valvular heart diseases in patients with atrial fi brillation decreased by 1,9 times from 1985 to 2010 year. Statistical signifi cance of differences was assessed by Fisher’s exact test (p < 0,0001).

Conclusion.The number of hospitalized patients with atrial fi brillation signifi cantly increased over the past 25 years. The number of patients with nonvalvular atrial fi brillation signifi cantly increased from 1985 to 2010 year and the number of patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease with atrial fi brillation decreased.
PASSIVE VERTICALIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH SYMPTOMATIC PRECEREBRAL STENOSЕS IN ACUTE STROKE
Authors: Sorokoumov V. A. , Voznyuk I. A. , Polyakova A. V. , Polushin A. Y.
Published: December 2018

stenoses of precerebral arteries, to determine predictors of the complications of verticalization in order to perform a more differentiated approach to the implementation of the protocol to ensure the safety of the process.

 Design and methods. The study included 50 patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke. Group 1 (n = 30) included patients without hemodynamically signiicant stenoses of the brachiocephalic arteries (BCA), group 2 (n = 20) included patients with hemodynamically signiicant stenoses of the BCA. Verticalization was carried out on a tilt-table «Vario-Line» («Beka») on the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 14 day from the onset of the disease.

 Results. In group 2 an earlier decline in the rate of cerebral blood low (CBF), as well as the re-reduction rate of the CBF during the session of verticalization were detected. During the interruption between the sessions, indicators of autoregulation recovered more slowly in patients from group 2. Moreover, the cerebral autoregulation indicators were decreased during the course of verticalization, by 14 day only a quarter of these patients had a ratio of 10 % overshoot.

Conclusions. Patients with hemodynamically signiicant stenoses of symptomatic BCA need to use a special regimen of verticalization that would appear «gentle» in order to prevent the complications of verticalization. Assessment of cerebral blood low autoregulation by the overshoot factor can help to identify patients with the increased risk of complications.
TAKAYASU ARTERITIS: A REVIEW
Authors: Goncharova N. S. , Samokhvalova M. V. , Pakhomov A. V. , Zverev D. A. , Moiseeva O. M.
Published: December 2018

Takayasu arteritis is a well-known rare form of large vessel vasculitis. This review details the clinical features, opportunities of disease activity assessment including new serum biomarkers and imaging diagnostics. Current evidence based treatments are presented and discussed. Particular attention is paid to the effectiveness and complications of interventional and surgical treatment in arteritis Takayasu.
Examining Associations Between Strangulation and Depressive Symptoms in Women With Intimate Partner Violence Histories
Authors: Mittal Mona , Resch Kathryn , Nichols-Hadeed Corey , Thompson Stone Jennifer , Thevenet-Morrison Kelly , Faurot Catherine , Cerulli Catherine
Published: December 2018

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with poor mental health outcomes among women. Studies on IPV and mental health show that experiencing more than one type of IPV often enhances women’s depression or depressive symptoms. However, most of these studies conceptualize IPV as physical, psychological, or sexual violence. Little is known about specific experiences of severe IPV, such as strangulation, that put victims at greater risk of lethality and serious injury and their association with women’s depression. This study examined associations between IPV, strangulation, and depression among women using secondary data collected for a randomized clinical trial testing an integrated HIV–IPV prevention intervention for abused women. Women were recruited from healthcare service delivery organizations, Department of Health and Human Services, and family court. Women (n = 175) completed assessments on IPV, strangulation, mental health, social support, and self-esteem. The majority reported strangulation (n = 103) and depressive symptoms (n = 101). Women who experienced strangulation also reported more severe physical (p < .001), sexual (p < .001), and psychological (p < .001) abuse. However, in multivariate logistic regression with sociodemographics, violence variables, and strangulation, none of these variables were associated with a higher risk for depressive symptoms. Social support had a protective effect on depressive symptoms. Findings suggest strangulation is prevalent among abused women seeking services, warranting screening, assessment, and referral in these settings.
Envisioning Justice: The Complex Journey of Cold Case Homicide Survivors
Authors: Wellman Ashley , Borg Marian
Published: December 2018

While police make an arrest in the majority of homicide cases occurring annually in the United States, a portion remain unsolved and are eventually classified as “cold cases.” Family members of the victims are not only left grieving the loss of their loved ones, but also plagued by the knowledge that the murderer has yet to be officially identified or held accountable. How do these family members—cold case homicide survivors—navigate their open-ended journey through grief? Using a social constructivist approach, we analyze in-depth interviews with 24 cold case homicide survivors to describe the unique dimensions of their experience, including how their hopes are tied to understandings of achieving justice for their loved ones. Three themes emerge from their narratives: a certainty that the killers will be identified; a demand for the harshest punishment possible; and an underlying anxiety about what the identification of the offender will ultimately mean for them. We consider the implications of survivors’ expectations for the future, especially for their relationships with the police, other family members, and the criminal justice process in general.
Consumo de tabaco y alcohol en estudiantes universitarios de enfermería de una institución pública del estado de Puebla, México
Authors: López-Vásquez José Alberto , Morales-Castillo Francisco Adrián
Published: December 2018

Introducción: Los estudiantes universitarios de enfermería son considerados un grupo de riesgo y vulnerables al consumo de tabaco y alcohol. El estudio de la prevalencia y tipo de consumo de tabaco y alcohol permitirá describir y entender mejor la situación de esta población. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y tipo de consumo de tabaco y alcohol en estudiantes universitarios de enfermería de una institución pública del estado de Puebla, México. Metodología: El diseño de estudio fue de tipo descriptivo transversal en una población de 86 estudiantes. Se indagó sobre características personales, consumo de tabaco y alcohol a través de una cédula de datos personales y un cuestionario de consumo de tabaco y el Cuestionario de Identificación de los Trastornos Debidos al Consumo de Alcohol (AUDIT). Resultados: La prevalencia lápsica de consumo de tabaco fue de 50%. Entre los consumidores de tabaco, 93,02% refirió un consumo leve. La prevalencia lápsica de consumo de alcohol fue de 77,9%. Entre los consumidores de alcohol, el 31,3% reportó consumo sensato, 24,4% dependiente y 22,0% dañino. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes universitarios de enfermería evidenciaron prevalencias alarmantes en el consumo de tabaco y alcohol; sin embargo, el tipo de consumo es de bajo riesgo. Por lo tanto, existe la necesidad de implementar intervenciones preventivas y de control de la salud en el contexto universitario.
Avaliação da saúde bucal de pacientes cirróticos em fila de transplante hepático
Authors: Pidhorodeckyj Karina , Tenório Jefferson da Rocha , Duarte Nathália Tuany , Di Profi Bruna , Bezinelli Letícia , Pannuti Claudio , Ortega Karem L.
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar a saúde bucal de pacientes com cirrose hepática em fi la de transplante. Materiais e Método: Foram avaliados 103 pacientes cirróticos quanto às características sócio-demográfi cas e histórico médico da cirrose hepática (etiologia, tempo de inclusão na fi la de transplante, valor do MELD - Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, complicações da cirrose e medicações em uso). A avaliação da saúde oral foi feita através do índice de higiene oral simplifi cado (IHO-S), do índice de cárie dental (CPOD) e da sialometria. Foram realizadas análises descritivas após a tabulação dos dados. Resultados: A população estudada apresentava idade média de 54 anos, o sexo masculino era o mais prevalente e apenas 44% concluíram o ensino fundamental. Hepatite C e cirrose alcoólica foram as etiologias que, com mais frequência, levaram os pacientes a indicação de transplante hepático. Varizes esofágicas, ascite e hipertensão portal foram as complicações mais frequentes. O CPOD médio da população estudada foi considerado alto (23,3). Conclusão: A saúde bucal de pacientes cirróticos em fi la de transplante não é satisfatória. Estudos longitudinais são necessários para investigar a relação entre focos de infecção oral e a ocorrência de infecções no pós-transplante hepático.
Recurrent pyogenic granuloma associated with port-wine stain – a case report
Authors: Silva Raiana Costa , Milhomens de Sousa Bruna , Fialho Luisa Moura , Lorenzi Poluha Rodrigo , Lamartine de Moraes Melo Neto Clovis , De Almeida Lawall Melaine , Martins Pereira Erika
Published: December 2018

O granuloma piogênico (GP) é um processo proliferativo não neoplásico. Este termo entretanto, é equivocado, uma vez que não está relacionado a qualquer infecção, não contém pus e não é um verdadeiro granuloma. A ocorrência do GP recorrente associado a lesões vasculares na pele, tais como manchas de vinho do porto, tem sido descrita na literatura. Paciente do gênero masculino com 23 anos de idade foi atendido na Universidade Federal do Maranhão apresentando uma lesão com características de granuloma piogênico na vestibular do primeiro molar, associada à mancha vinho do porto. O diagnóstico foi confi rmado através de biopsia excisional e análise histopatológica. Devido à recorrência da lesão após a abordagem cirúrgica, injeções intralesionais de corticoides foram realizadas três vezes. Após dois anos de acompanhamento, não houve recorrência. Pode-se concluir que, apesar da alta prevalência de recorrência do granuloma piogênico, injeções intralesionais com corticoides podem ser uma alternativa ao tratamento cirúrgico convencional.
Acil yardım ve afet yönetimi öğrencilerinin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Cüneyt , ARBERK Koray , ÜNER Sarp
Published: December 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışma, bir

üniversitenin Acil Yardım ve Afet Yönetimi (AYAY) Bölümü öğrencilerinin

sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını ve etkileyen bazı faktörleri incelemeyi

amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı

çalışmada öğrenci sayısı 268 kişi olup evrenin %74.3’üne ulaşılmıştır.

Değişkenlere ait veriler araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan anket formu ve

Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları ölçeği (SYBD-II) ile toplanmıştır.

Analizlerde SYBD-II alt boyutlarını etkileyen değişkenler, ayrı ayrı logistik

regresyon modellemesi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırma için etik kurul ve idareden

yazılı izin, öğrencilerden ise sözlü onam alınmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma grubunun %59.8’i erkek, %60.3’ü bir işte

çalışıyor ve %55.2’si üst sınıf öğrencidir. Ortalama (SS) yaşın 21.3 (±1.6)

olduğu grupta katılımcıların ortalama puanları SYBD-II için 131.3 (±17.5)’tür.

Lojistik regresyon analizine göre üst sınıf öğrenciler, alt sınıf öğrencilere

göre (OR= 2.02; GA=1.07 – 3.79, p<0.05) ve sigarayı halen veya geçmişte

içenler, sigarayı hiç içmeyenlere göre (OR=2.20;GA=1.15–4.22, p>0.05) stres

yönetimi açısından yetersizdirler. Benzer şekilde kadınlar erkeklere göre

(OR=3.57; GA=1.67–7.65, p<0.05) ve halen veya geçmişte alkol kullananlar,

hiç alkol kullanmayanlara göre (OR=2.62; GA=1.37–4.98, p<0.05) fiziksel

aktivite açısından yetersizdirler. Kişiler arası alt boyutunda okul arkadaşlarıyla

ilişki arttıkça bu alt boyuttan alınan puan

yükselmektedir (OR=0.85; p=0.02). Sonuç:

Öğrencilerin SYBD II ölçeğinin bazı alt boyutları ile üst sınıflar, sigara

ve alkol kullanımı, okul arkadaşlarıyla ilişki durumu ve kadın cinsiyeti

arasında bir ilişki bulunmuştur.
Influencia del consumo de sustancias y el deterioro cognitivo en la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes VIH+
Authors: Sánchez-Rivero Irene , Madoz-Gúrpide Agustín , Parro-Torres Carlos , Hernández-Huerta Daniel , Ochoa Mangado Enriqueta
Published: December 2018

La adherencia estricta al tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) es imprescindible para que este sea eficaz en la disminución de la morbimortalidad asociada al VIH. Se ha sugerido que el consumo de sustancias y el deterioro cognitivo constituyen factores de riesgo para una mala adherencia. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio es evaluar cuál es la influencia sobre la adherencia al TAR de la disfunción cognitiva, así como del consumo de determinadas sustancias (alcohol, heroína, cocaína, otros estimulantes, cannabis y benzodizepinas) y/o el tratamiento con metadona, en el marco concreto de una población española de referencia. Se realizó un estudio observacional tipo casos y controles con una muestra de 125 pacientes VIH+, que se dividieron en sujetos malos adherentes (casos) y buenos adherentes al TAR (controles). La adherencia se evaluó mediante el reporte de Farmacia Hospitalaria, contrastada con la escala Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) y la opinión del profesional médico de referencia. La función cognitiva fue evaluada con el Test del Mapa del Zoo y el Trail Making Test (TMT), y el consumo de sustancias, mediante un protocolo de historia clínica semi-estructurada. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante regresión logística binaria. Los resultados mostraron que el abuso de alcohol y el deterioro en la función cognitiva ejecutiva, medida por el Test del Mapa del Zoo, constituyen factores de riesgo independientes para una mala adherencia. No se ha demostrado relación de la adherencia al TAR con el consumo de otras sustancias ni con la puntuación obtenida en el TMT. La detección de deterioro cognitivo mediante el Test del Mapa del Zoo, así como del consumo de alcohol, podrían ayudar a desarrollar estrategias de mejora del cumplimiento terapéutico en pacientes VIH+.
Influence of the type of childhood violence on cannabis abuse and dependence among adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martínez-Mota Lucía , Jiménez-Rubio Graciela , Hernández Hernández Olivia Tania , Páez-Martínez Nayeli
Published: December 2018

The use of cannabis for recreational purposes has increased worldwide, and the proportion of cannabis users in the adolescent population is high. Susceptibility to cannabis use involves various factors, including childhood adversity; however, the effects of different types of violence on cannabis use have not been evaluated. The aim of this review was to analyze the effects of different types of violence on cannabis use in adolescence. We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Ovid and CONRICyT) using the following algorithm: ((“Cannabis” OR “Marijuana Smoking” OR “Marijuana Abuse”) AND (“Child Abuse” OR “Domestic Violence” AND “Adolescent”)), considering all articles published up to November 3th, 2017. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the effects of experiencing different types of violence during childhood on cannabis use. Six studies, which represented 10 843 adolescents of both sexes, were ultimately included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Three types of early-life adversity were associated with cannabis abuse/dependence: physical abuse (OR: 1.58, 95% CI [1.01–2.46]), sexual abuse (OR: 2.35, 95% CI [1.64–3.35]), and witnessing violence (OR: 3.22, 95% CI [0.63–16.54]). The results indicated that two specific types of child maltreatment, sexual and physical abuse, were critical factors affecting vulnerability to cannabis use in adolescence. The number of studies examining other types of violence was limited. The results highlighted the importance of enhancing efforts to prevent violence, particularly sexual abuse, as part of integral programs designed to prevent cannabis abuse and dependence.
Análisis de redes sociales y bibliométrico de las tesis españolas sobre drogodependencias en la base de datos TESEO
Authors: Castelló-Cogollos Lourdes , Bueno Cañigral Francisco Jesús , Valderrama Zurián Juan Carlos
Published: December 2018

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto desvelar la estructura de posiciones del campo de las adicciones a partir del análisis de las tesis doctorales defendidas en España. La fuente consultada para la selección de las tesis fue TESEO. La búsqueda se limitó al período 1976-2017 y se utilizaron los descriptores abuso de drogas, alcoholismo, efecto de las drogas y tratamiento de la drogadicción. Se obtuvieron 728 tesis, siendo el quinquenio más productivo el 2013-2017 con 208 (28,6%) tesis doctorales. La evolución de las publicaciones es ascendente, excepto en el quinquenio 2003-2007 en el que la producción baja a un 5,2% del total. La universidad que aporta más tesis es la Universitat de València. El académico que más tesis ha dirigido es Alfonso Velasco Martín y Emilio Ambrosio Flores es el investigador que más ha participado en los tribunales. El análisis de los actores participantes en las tesis doctorales muestra un incremento de presencia de las mujeres como autoras, directoras de tesis y miembros de tribunales. En relación a la temática, los temas más abordados han sido los relacionados con la psicología, la farmacología y las ciencias médicas.El análisis de las tesis doctorales sobre drogodependencias ha dado una visión de su estructura y de las personas más influyentes de la misma. El aumento de la preocupación social en esta área y la creación de grupos y unidades de investigación específicos ha ocasionado un incremento de la producción científica.
La edad de inicio en el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes: implicaciones y variables asociadas
Authors: Rial Boubeta Antonio , Golpe Sandra , Barreiro Carmen , Gómez Patricia , Isorna Folgar Manuel
Published: December 2018

La adolescencia constituye un período crítico en el desarrollo de conductas adictivas. En particular, la edad a la que los jóvenes se inician en el consumo de alcohol no es una cuestión banal, habida cuenta de las importantes repercusiones que posee a diferentes niveles. Sin embargo se sabe relativamente poco de por qué cada vez se empieza a consumir de manera más precoz. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido recabar nuevos datos empíricos sobre las implicaciones de una edad de inicio temprana e identificar, al mismo tiempo, posibles variables asociadas. Se han actualizado además las edades medias de inicio de consumo de distintas sustancias, ampliando el marco muestral habitual del ESTUDES (14-18 años), incorporando a los adolescentes de 12 y 13 años. Los resultados obtenidos con una muestra de 3419 adolescentes de la comunidad gallega (M = 14,57 y DT = 1,76) permiten constatar que la edad a la que los adolescentes suelen iniciarse en el consumo de alcohol es menor de lo que sugiere el ESTUDES 2016-2017, situándose en 13,4 años. Además quienes se inician antes en su consumo presentan una mayor probabilidad de consumir otras sustancias, tasas de consumo de riesgo 3 veces superiores y se implican más en prácticas potencialmente peligrosas. Por último, variables como la percepción de riesgo o las expectativas presentan una capacidad explicativa escasa, sobre todo si se compara con otras relacionadas con el consumo del entorno familiar o entre iguales. Los resultados refuerzan la necesidad de retrasar la edad de inicio del consumo de alcohol como uno de los objetivos estratégicos de las políticas de prevención.
A Quantum Mechanical Relationship between Milgrom’s Acceleration Constant and the Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy Expression
Authors: Roza Engel
Published: December 2018

Conceiving vacuum energy as gravitational particles subject to Heisenberg’s energy-time uncertainty, modelled as dipoles in a fluidal space at thermodynamic equilibrium, and interpreting the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy as the effective amount of spins of those dipoles enclosed within the event horizon of the universe, allows the calculation of Milgrom’s acceleration constant. The result is a quantum mechanical interpretation of gravity, and dark matter in particular.
Proteome Map of Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) Embryos Containing Different Amounts of Residual Chlorophylls
Authors: Mamontova Tatiana , Lukasheva Elena , Mavropolo-Stolyarenko Gregory , Proksch Carsten , Bilova Tatiana , Kim Ahyoung , Babakov Vladimir , Grishina Tatiana , Hoehenwarter Wolfgang , Medvedev Sergei , Smolikova Galina , Frolov Andrej
Published: December 2018

Due to low culturing costs and high seed protein contents, legumes represent the main global source of food protein. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the major economically important legume crops, impacting both animal feed and human nutrition. Therefore, the quality of pea seeds needs to be ensured in the context of sustainable crop production and nutritional efficiency. Obviously, changes in seed protein patterns might directly affect both of these aspects. Thus, here we address the pea seed proteome in more detail and provide, to the best of our knowledge, the most comprehensive annotation of the functions and intracellular localization of pea seed proteins. Accordingly, 1938 and 1989 non-redundant proteins were identified in yellow and green pea seeds, in total. Only 35 and 44 proteins, respectively, could be additionally identified after protamine sulfate precipitation (PSP) potentially indicating the high efficiency of our experimental workflow. In total 981 protein groups could be assigned to 34 functional classes, which were to a large extent differentially represented in yellow and green seeds. Closer analysis of these differences by processing of the data in KEGG and String databases revealed their possible relation to a higher metabolic status and reduced longevity of green seeds.
Association of the CYP17 (T-34C) Polymorphism and the Risk of Acne Vulgaris: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ramezani Mazaher , Zavattaro Elisa , Sadeghi Masoud
Published: December 2018

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases and genetic relationships have been documented. The aim was to evaluate the association of CYP17 (T-34C) polymorphism related to the risk of acne in a meta-analysis study. The databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library) were searched until September 2018 to check the relationship between acne risk and CYP17 (T-34C) polymorphism and impact of this polymorphism on severity of acne. We used Review Manager 5.3 software to analyze the data using OR and 95% CI to check this relationship. Four studies were included and analyzed in the meta-analysis. The OR in analysis of C versus T in acne patients compared to the healthy controls was 1.42 (P=0.02), in CC vs. TT was 1.54 (P=0.04), in TC vs. TT was 1.46 (P=0.12), in TC + CC vs. TT was 1.55 (P=0.04), and in CC vs. TT + TC was 1.39 (P=0.06). There was no acne risk related to CYP17 (T-34C) in none of genetic models in Caucasian ethnicity, whereas in Asian ethnicity, there was higher acne risk related to CYP17 (T-34C) without heterogeneity. The results of the present meta-analysis showed the presence of C allele and CC genotype of CYP17 polymorphism can be risk factors for acne, mainly in the Asian ethnicity.
Methodology of Drought Stress Research: Experimental Setup and Physiological Characterization
Authors: Osmolovskaya Natalia , Shumilina Julia , Kim Ahyoung , Didio Anna , Grishina Tatiana , Bilova Tatiana , Keltsieva Olga A. , Zhukov Vladimir , Tikhonovich Igor , Tarakhovskaya Elena , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Frolov Andrej
Published: December 2018

Drought is one of the major stress factors affecting growth and development of plants. In this context, drought-related losses of crop plant productivity impede sustainable agriculture all over the world. In general, plants responses to water deficit by multiple physiological and metabolic adaptations at the molecular, cellular and organism levels. To understand the underlying mechanisms of drought tolerance, adequate stress models and arrays of reliable stress markers are required. Therefore, in this review we comprehensively address currently available models of drought stress, based on culturing plants in soil, hydroponic or agar culture. These experimental setups give access to different aspects of plant response to drought, like decrease of tissue water potential, reduction of stomata conductance and photosynthesis efficiency, accumulation of low-molecular weight solutes (metabolic adjustment) and drought protective proteins. Till now, this pattern of markers was successfully extended to the methods of enzyme chemistry, molecular biology and omics techniques. Thus, conventional tests can be efficiently complemented by determination of phytohormone and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as comprehensive profiling of transcriptome, proteome and metabolome.