bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cramer-Rao lower bound minimizing for designing antenna arrays with directional radiators for improving accuracy of direction-of-arrival estimation
Authors:   Yelets State University Bunina, 399770, Lipetsk region, Yelets, st. Kommunarov, 28, Peshkov I.W.
Published: April 2022

The use of antenna arrays equipped with digital signal processing units is a promising way to increase the throughput, noise immunity of modern wireless information transmission systems. The spatial diversity of the antenna is the main advantage of this approach which makes it possible to estimate the spatial coordinates of radio signals with subsequent beamforming. It is well known that the insufficient knowledge of the influence of the array geometry together with various types of antenna elements (such as a dipole, a patch, etc.) may be a cause reducing the accuracy of such systems. The article describes an approach aiming at reducing direction-of-arrival estimation errors of radio signal sources by means of optimal antenna array geometries. In particular, the Cramer-Rao lower bound is used for the task. The quantity sets a limit below which one or another algorithm for estimating the spatial coordinates of signal sources cannot descend for a particular geometry of the antenna array. The expressions based on the Cramer-Rao lower bound are derived which describes the dependence of the variance of direction-of-arrival estimation errors on the location of the array elements in the Cartesian coordinate system, i.e. along the x, y, z axes. In addition, the function of the radiation patterns of individual antennas is taken into account in the obtained formulas. Additionally it is considered that the antenna elements are directional. Therefore, the proposed technique is aimed at reducing the variance of direction-of-arrival estimation errors of statistical algorithms with superresolution by minimizing the obtained new formulas. As a result, the optimal locations of antenna elements along the x, y, z axes are calculated. In the paper, new geometries of antenna arrays have been obtained according to the proposed approach. In particular, two- and six-element arrays are researched, which are compared with equally spaced cylindrical ones. Graphs of the error variance of the Cramer-Rao boundary are presented, as well as a statistical study of the MUSIC method. It is shown that the magnitude of errors is reduced by new antenna arrays in all the researching scenarios. Thus the antenna arrays geometries obtained in this paper allow improving the accuracy of algorithms for estimating the angular coordinates of radio signals with superresolution.
Kuraklık Stresinde Hidrojen Peroksit (H2O2) Ön Uygulamasının Buğday Fidelerinde, Büyüme ve Katalaz Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: SOYLU Oğuz , ERGÜN Nuray , ÇALICI Berna , ŞENGÜL TORAMAN Pelin
Published: April 2022

Bu araştırmada, buğday (Triticum monococcum L. cv. Siyez, Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ahmetağa) fidelerinde üzerine; kuraklık (K), hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) ve kuraklık + hidrojen peroksit uygulamalarının, fidelerin büyüme ve antioksidant enzimler üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Sürgün boyu, sürgün taze ağırlığı, sürgün kuru ağırlığı, klorofil–a ( kl-a) miktarı, klorofil b ( kl-b) miktarı, klorofil a/b miktarı, katalaz enzim aktivitesi (CAT) ve antosiyanin miktarları incelenmiştir. Çalışmamızda K ve K + H2O2 uygulaması hem atasal buğday çeşidi olan Siyez hem de Ahmetağa çeşidinde sürgün boyu, sürgün taze ağırlığı ve sürgün kuru ağırlığında önemli derecede azalmaya neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Siyez çeşidi buğday fidelerinde kuraklık ve K + H2O2 uygulamalarının buğday fidelerinde klorofil içeriğinde azalma meydana gelmiştir. Ahmetağa çeşidi buğday fidelerinde kuraklık uygulamaları K+ H2O2 ve sadece H2O2 uygulaması klorofil a ve klorofil b oranında bir miktar artışa neden olmuştur. Çalışmamızda Siyez çeşidinde yapılan tüm uygulamalarda CAT enzim aktivitesi üzerinde kontrole göre azalmalar tespit edilmiştir. Ahmetağa çeşidinde K ve H2O2 uygulamalarında bir miktar azalma meydana gelmiştir. Serbest antosiyanin miktarında sadece Siyez çeşidi buğday fidelerine yapılan kuraklık uygulamasında bir miktar artış meydana gelirken Ahmetağa çeşidinde bütün uygulamalarda önemli bir değişiklik gözlenmemiştir. H2O2, süperoksit, hidroksil vb. radikallerin yok edilmesinde de görev aldığı bilinen antosiyaninlerin miktarının Siyez çeşidinde arttığı saptanmıştır. Bu durumda Siyez genotipinde antosiyaninin kuraklıkta oluşan oksidatif strese karşı korumada rol oynayabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Menciptakan Pembelajaran Efektif melalui Penguatan Komitmen Guru PAUD
Authors: Rifa'i Moh , Muadin Akhmad , Faiz Faiz , Khomsiyah Lailatul , Mabruroh Ainul
Published: April 2022

Komitmen guru PAUD yang rendah sehingga kurang mampu membangun pembelajaran efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa upaya yang dilakukan kepala PAUD dalam meningkatkan komitmen guru PAUD Umi Sundari. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, jenis studi kasus. Adapun data di peroleh melalui observasi dan wawancara. Narasumber dalam penelitian ini ialah kepala dan guru-guru PAUD Umi Sundari. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah berupa upaya-upaya kepala PAUD dalam meningkatkan komitmen guru diantaranya ialah (1) Memperkuat kompetensi profesionalisme guru dengan mengikuti pelatihan dan melanjutkan studi, (2) Menjalin komunikasi yang baik dengan seluruh warga sekolah, (3) Bersungguh-sungguh dalam menjalankan profesinya, dan (4) Adanya evaluasi serta motivasi dari kepala PAUD juga rekan guru. Implikasi dari penelitian ini ialah dengan meningkatkan komitmen guru maka akan semakin mudah pula pembelajaran efektif diciptakan di PAUD Umi Sundari
Kesehatan Mental Emosional Korban Perceraian pada Anak Usia Dini di Panti Asuhan
Authors: Sary Yessy Nur Endah
Published: April 2022

Anak usia dini korban perceraian yang tinggal di Panti Asuhan dapat tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik dari segi fisik, akan tetapi banyak yang mengalami gangguan kesehatan mental emosional dikarenakan mengalami tekanan dan stress saat harus berpisah dengan orang tua, merasa tidak mendapat perhatian serta kasih sayang, meskipun telah berada di Panti Asuhan dan dirawat oleh pengurus Panti Asuhan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dampak dari perceraian yang dialami oleh anak usia dini di Panti Asuhan Raudlatul Jannah, Probolinggo Jawa Timur. Merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan 16 partisipan dengan purposive sampling.  Menggunakan instrumen panduan wawancara semiterstruktur. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan menggunakan tape recorder dan handphone untuk merekam hasil dari wawancara. Setiap responden diberikan estimasi waktu selama satu (1) jam untuk diwawancara. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu anak usia dini korban perceraian orang tua mengalami gangguan kesehatan mental emosional dan pada akhirnya harus tinggal di Panti Asuhan
Pengaruh Pendidikan Literasi Keuangan dengan Pendekatan Bermain Peran pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Anggarani Fadjri Kirana , Setyowati Rini , Satwika Pratista Arya , Andayani Tri Rejeki
Published: April 2022

Pendidikan keuangan harus dimulai pada anak usia dini. Literasi keuangan bertujuan mempersiapkan siswa membuat keputusan keuangan yang akan dihadapi sebagai orang dewasa. Sayangnya, kebanyakan orang tua berpendapat bahwa anak-anak sebaiknya diajarkan mengelola uang atau yang dikenal sebagai literasi keuangan saat remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh literasi keuangan dengan pendekatan bermain peran pada anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan eksperimen kuasi dengan desain one group pretest-posttest. Studi melibatkan anak usia dini berjumlah empat puluh enam anak. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah media pendidikan literasi keuangan, pengukuran pengetahuan dan pengukuran situasi pembelajaran kelas. Hasil validasi Subject Matter Experts (SME) menunjukkan buku literasi keuangan yang digunakan memiliki konten yang sesuai dengan tujuannya. Uji pengaruh pada pengetahuan literasi keuangan dan lingkungan pembelajaran kelas adalah signifikan. Maka, dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh pendidikan literasi keuangan dengan pendekatan bermain peran terhadap anak usia dini.
Pembelajaran Tahfidh Juz ‘Amma Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Ismail Ismail , Wardi Moh. , Supandi Supandi , Ridho Ali
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami secara detail dalam rangka memecahkan masalah tentang bagaimana pembelajaran (kurikulum, tujuan, metode, evaluasi, faktor keberhasilan) tahfidh juz ‘amma anak usia dini di TK Islam Nurul Muttaqin? Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode wawancara kepada guru, observasi, dan dokumentasi terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran. Analisis data dilakukan dengan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kurikulum pembelajaran tahfidh meliputi tujuan pembelajaran, pembagian ayat dan surat, pembagian waktu hafalan. Metode pembelajaran tahfidh yang diterapkan antara lain: al-tasmi’, al-talqin, al-takrar, dan muraja’ah. Evaluasi pembelajaran tahfidh dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan: kartu prestasi, ilmu tajwid, dan bithaqat al-surah wa al-ayah. keberhasilan pembelajaran tahfidh dipengaruhi oleh faktor minat, intelegensia, kesiapan belajar, pendidik, metode dan media pembelajaran, dan motivasi orang tua.
Persepsi Serta Peran Orang Tua dan Guru terhadap Pentingnya Stimulasi Literasi pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Solichah Novia , Solehah Hilmi Yatun , Hikam Rafidatul
Published: April 2022

Stimulasi literasi perlu diberikan sejak dini untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi anak usia dini sehingga anak dapat lebih siap menghadapi tahap perkembangan selanjutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi persepsi dan peran orang tua dan guru dalam memberikan stimulasi literasi pada anak usia dini. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan teknik purposive sampling. penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 5 orang tua dan 5 guru dari RA Manarul Huda dan RAMNU Citra Kartini Malang. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa orang tua dan guru sudah menyadari bahwa pemberian stimulasi literasi sangat penting bagi kebutuhan perkembangan anak usia dini agar anak dapat memiliki kemampuan serta keterampilan untuk menguasai perkembangan tahap lanjut, namun terdapat persepsi yang kurang tepat pada tujuan pemberian stimulasi literasi bagi anak usia dini yaitu adanya harapan agar anak dapat segera bisa membaca, sehingga dalam menjalankan perannya masih terdapat orang tua dan guru yang memberikan stimulasi yang kurang sesuai dan bersifat drill.
The Role of School Management on Mental Health of Early Childhood Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ulfiah Ulfiah , Hudayati Esti , Fuad Damri
Published: April 2022

Kesehatan mental siswa anak usia dini telah menjadi perhatian yang berkembang dalam beberapa tahun terakhir bahkan sebelum pandemi COVID-19. Tekanan dan pembatasan yang terkait dengan pandemi telah menempatkan para siswa Taman Kanak-kanak pada risiko yang lebih besar , yang dapat secara signifikan mengganggu perkembangan masa usia kanak-kanak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat peran manajemen sekolah dalam kesehatan mental anak usia dini pada pandemi COVID-19. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif dengan melakukan survei kepada kondisi keluarga, perkembangan fisik dan psikologis dan dampak pembelajaran jarak jauh dan pertanyaan terkait COVID-19 di daerah Antapani Bandung, Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kecemasan dan depresi dalam kategori sedang, dan kategori cukup tinggi pada anak-anak yang tidak memiliki kegiatan dan hanya berdiam diri di Rumah selama pandemi covid 19. Hasil tersebut menyarankan agar manajemen sekolah dan orangtua lebih kreatif dalam memberikan kegiatan dan memperbarui strategi dan aktivitas sehingga dapat mengatasi kebosanan yang dirasakan oleh anak-anak dan  bermanfaat dalam interaksi sosial anak-anak dengan teman seusianya.
Determining the Physical Fitness of Individuals with Autism in Early and Middle Adolescence Period
Authors:   SOBE Vakfı (Turkey), Akdoğan Aybike Sultan , Uzun Ahmet ,   Necmettin Erbakan University (Turkey)
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the physical fitness levels of individuals with autism by comparing them with individuals in the early and middle adolescence periods with normal development and the needs of the individuals with autism in terms of physical fitness. This study is carried out at the Selçuklu Autism Foundation, which is the largest autism education center in Turkey. It is carried out in this center with autistic individuals aged 10-17 who have received sports training for at least one year, and randomly selected individuals between the ages of 10-17 who do not do sports and show normal development. In this study, the cross-sectional survey model, one of the survey models, is used. The physical fitness levels of individuals with and without autism participating in the research are determined by the Brockport Physical Fitness Test developed by the State University of New York and some motoric test batteries. The t-test for the difference between arithmetic means in independent groups is used. The other measurement is the non-parametric Mann Witney U test. According to the study findings, a high level of significant difference is found between BMI, triceps, calf, right and left hand grip, back strength, trunk lift, long jump and one mile running values in both t-test and Mann-Whitney U results in early and middle adolescence periods. As a result, according to Brockport test values, it shows that all values of individuals with autism are physically behind the individuals with normal development. These results show that individuals with autism are shorter in stature, have higher body weights and have higher BMI values than individuals with normal development.
Children's Perceptions of Basketball through Metaphors and Drawings
Authors:   Gazi University, Turkey, Çaredar Nagihan , Pekel Aylin Özge , Cengizel Çağdaş Özgür
Published: April 2022

In order to improve the performance of children, their physical needs as well as their mental needs should be known. The aim of this study is to reveal the perceptions of basketball concepts of athletes attending basketball sports schools with the help of metaphors and drawings. A total of 57 athletes who trained in basketball sports schools in Ankara participated in this study. It was used qualitative research approach in this study. In obtaining the data, a personal information form was applied to each athlete and "basketball ...... it is like this; because …" and were asked to draw a picture reflecting their thoughts on the concept of basketball. All participants took part in the study on a voluntary basis. The data were analyzed by content analysis technique. As a result; it was seen athletes draw on the theme of basketball as “sports, being an element of gain and emotion.”
Composition and Application of the “Chilbo Pattern” on Blue and White Porcelain of the Late Joseon Period
Authors: Lee daran
Published: April 2022

What is called the “Chilbo” pattern consists of multiple motifs that bear traditional values of auspiciousness, rarity, or preciousness. Although the well-ordered, complex design enjoyed great favor in the production of the Late Joseon decorative arts, little academic attention has been paid so far unfortunately. Comprehensive examination of textual sources and surviving examples, however, sheds a new light on a body of less-studied scholarly issues including the origin of the Chilbo pattern, its composition, and especially the way in which the pattern was applied to underglaze cobalt blue decoration in the late Joseon period. Specific motifs such as coins of gold or silver or other metals, which constitutes the Chilbo pattern, were collectively referred to as “Treasure Motifs,” the concept of which made the first appearance in the Tang dynasty (618~907) and gradual developments from the Song (960~1279) up to the Qing (1644~1912) dynasties. The motifs from China and similar kinds together earned an all-inclusive designation in Korea: Chilbo. Among various decorative media across which the Chilbo pattern was widely employed is the Blue and White porcelain especially remarkable; featuring a diversity of design possibilities, the medium was widely favored in the late Joseon society from the royal court to a private house. A survey of extant porcelain examples reveals that the pattern was used in the whole range of everyday wares; furthermore, it confirms that at least 23 motifs have been included in the Chilbo combination. The pattern’s potential to integrate primary and subsidiary motifs brought about huge applicability. In other words, the Chilbo pattern became popular since the potential diversity of motif combinations allowed the pattern to yield a myriad of compositional variations.
Periodic Copula to Study the Relationship between Two Cyclostationary Time Series with Fractional Brownian Motion Errors
Authors: Mahmoudi Mohammad Reza , Mosavi Amir
Published: April 2022

Detection of the relationship between two time series is so important in environmental and hydrological studies. Several parametric and non-parametric approaches can be applied to detect relationships. These techniques are usually sensitive to stationarity assumption. In this research, a new copula- based method is introduced to detect the relationship between two cylostationary time series with fractional Brownian motion (fBm) errors. The numerical studies verify the performance of the introduced approach.
Mẹ chồng nàng dâu và mindsponge
Authors: Khuc Quy Van
Published: April 2022

Mindsponge, giá trị cốt lõi, văn hóa người Việt, hạnh phúc
Comparison between Optimized and Traditional Combinations of Combinatorics
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: April 2022

This paper compares the traditional combination of combinatorics with the optimized combination introduced by Chinnaraji Annamalai, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. This comparison of combinatorial combinations will be useful for the researchers who are involving to solve the problems in science and management.
Indifference Curve Analysis
Authors: Ali Nurfadilla Nur
Published: April 2022

Dalam tulisan ini kami akan membahas mengenai analisis kurva kepuasan sama, tentang bagaimana garis anggaran pengeluaran, bagaimana konsumen akan mencapai keseimbangan maksimum konsumen, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya.
War and peace
Authors: Khuc Quy Van
Published: April 2022

Mindsponge, core values, solution, war, conflict, peace
Makalah Hubungan dan Pembagian Kerja dalam Pengelolaan Koperasi
Authors: Rahmi
Published: April 2022

Koperasi melandaskan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan. Kinerja koperasi khusus mengenai perhimpunan, koperasi harus bekerja berdasarkan ketentuan undang-undang umum mengenai organisasi usaha (perseorangan, persekutuan, dsb.) serta hukum dagang dan hukum pajak.Ciri ganda koperasi yang ada di dunia terutama di Indonesia yang bermaksudkan bahwa koperasi ini mengandung unsur ekonomi dan sosial. Koperasi sebagai sesuatu yang mengandung unsur ekonomi yaitu koperasi merupakan sogu guru bagi perekonomian atau sebuah lembaga yang dijadikan sebagai alat untuk mengembangkan dan memajukan sistem perekonomian. Dan koperasi mengandung unsur sosial yaitu koperasi bersifat kedermawaan yaitu peduli terhadap lingkugan luas baik itu lingkungan di dalam koperasi maupun dilingkungan masyarakat.HubunganHubungan (bahasa Inggris: relationship) adalah kesinambungan interaksi antara dua atau lebih yang memudahkan proses pengenalan satu akan yang lain. Hubungan dapat dibedakan menjadi hubungan dengan teman sebaya, orang tua, keluarga, dan lingkungan sosial. Hubungan ini terdiri dari dua yaitu hubungan antara pengurus dan anggota, dan Hubungan antara Anggota dan Badan Pemeriksaan
Konsep Dan Teori Uang Dalam Prespektif islam_(AYUNI NURRAHMA-90500120079)
Authors: Nurrahma Ayuni
Published: April 2022

Uang merupakan suatu bagian yang sangat tidak dapat di pisahkan dari kehidupan manusia sehari-hari.Setiap hari lalu lintas barang dan jasa di dalam semua kegiatan tentu sangat memerlukan uang sebagai alat pelancar guna mencapai tujuan tersebut.Dalam perekonomian yang menggunakan uang,setiap barang dapat di ukur sebagai suatu harga yang dapat di ukur dengan uang
E COMMERCE : STRATEGI DAN INOVASI BISNIS BERBASIS DIGITAL
Authors: ABDUROHIM  , Sitorus Sunday Ade , Gheta Antonius Philipus Kurniawan , Sisca
Published: April 2022

Penggunaan sistem informasi manajemen dalam bidang teknologi informasi dapat membuat semua hal atau dapat menimbulkan efek yang jauh lebih mudah dan membuat semua kegiatan menjadi lebih mudah, lebih terarah, lebih konsisten, lebih jelas, lebih efektif, efisian dan murah. Peran, fungsi, manfaat dan penggunaan media teknologi informasi (terutama penggunaan E-commerce) dalam setiap kegiatan atau proses bisnis juga semakin kuat dan makin baik (Romindo et al., 2019).
Generating Compositional Color Representations from Text
Authors: Maheshwari Paridhi , Jain Nihal , Vaddamanu Praneetha , Raut Dhananjay , Vaishay Shraiysh , Vinay Vishwa
Published: April 2022

We consider the cross-modal task of producing color representations for text phrases. Motivated by the fact that a significant fraction of user queries on an image search engine follow an (attribute, object) structure, we propose a generative adversarial network that generates color profiles for such bigrams. We design our pipeline to learn composition - the ability to combine seen attributes and objects to unseen pairs. We propose a novel dataset curation pipeline from existing public sources. We describe how a set of phrases of interest can be compiled using a graph propagation technique, and then mapped to images. While this dataset is specialized for our investigations on color, the method can be extended to other visual dimensions where composition is of interest. We provide detailed ablation studies that test the behavior of our GAN architecture with loss functions from the contrastive learning literature. We show that the generative model achieves lower Fr\'echet Inception Distance than discriminative ones, and therefore predicts color profiles that better match those from real images. Finally, we demonstrate improved performance in image retrieval and classification, indicating the crucial role that color plays in these downstream tasks.
PRINSIP PRINSIP MANAJEMEN PEMASARAN (Siti Nurfadhilah 90500120063)
Authors: nurfadhilah
Published: April 2022

Makalah tentang prinsip prinsip manajemen pemasaran dalam islam menurut Al Quran dan hadist
Manajemen koperasi
Authors: rusdin Zahra amaliyah
Published: April 2022

Manajemen koperasi pada hakekatnya adalah penerapan ilmu manajemen di koperasi dimana orang-orang yang diberi wewenang dan tanggung jawab melaksanakan proses perencanaan,pengorganisasian,dan pengendalian sumber daya yang dimiliki oleh koperasi untuk mencapai tujuan koperasi yaitu meningkatkan kesejahteraan berdasarkan nilai prinsip-prinsip koperasi.
Upstream propagation of sea-level signals in fluvio-deltaic environments: time-lags and the dynamics of the fluvial surface
Authors: Kollegger Madeline , Lorenzo-Trueba Jorge , Fernandes Anjali , Singh Arvind , Abeyta Antoinette
Published: April 2022

Stratigraphic interpretation generally relies upon the assumption that the fluvio-deltaic surface responds uniformly to sea-level changes; however, recent theoretical work suggests that changes in its relief and concavity can influence the propagation of sea-level information upstream and result in geologically long-lived lags in the system response. We test this theoretical result using measurements from a experimental delta subject to high and low magnitude sea-level oscillations. In both cases, changes in relief and curvature of the fluvio-deltaic profile result in the proximal portion of the profile being out of phase with respect to sea-level cycles, whereas the nearshore regions remain in phase. These results underscore the importance of delayed response to sea-level variations in the upstream portion of river deltas, often resulting in net erosion during sea-level rise and potentially complicating the reconstruction of paleo sea-level from deltaic deposits.
The Polish translation of the Perth Empathy Scale (PES): copy of questionnaire and scoring instructions
Authors: Larionow Paweł , Mudło-Głagolska Karolina
Published: April 2022

The Polish translation of the Perth Empathy Scale (PES): copy of questionnaire and scoring instructions.
Warum sind Quintfallsequenzen so beliebt?
Authors: Willimek Bernd , Willimek Daniela
Published: April 2022

Quintfallsequenzen waren schon in der Musik des Barocks beliebt und finden bis heute reichlich Verwendung, etwa in Schlagern, in der Pop- und Filmmusik oder im Jazz. Warum Quintfallsequenzen derart beliebt sind, konnte bis jetzt nicht eindeutig geklärt werden. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Begründung vorgestellt, die auf der Strebetendenz-Theorie (Willimek & Willimek, 2019, S. 76ff) basiert. Diese Theorie beschreibt die Subdominante als Ausdruck der Gelöstheit, der Ausgelassenheit und der Stimmungssteigerung, da der Leitton der Subdominante im Vergleich zum Leitton der Tonika einem deutlichen Intensitätsverlust, einer Spannungsminderung unterworfen ist. Da bei Quintfallsequenzen jeder Akkord die Subdominante des vorangegangenen ist, scheint sich die durch die Musik ausgelöste Stimmung mit jedem Akkord zu steigern. Die Möglichkeit, mit Musik einen solchen Effekt zu erzielen, faszinierte und fasziniert die Komponisten derart, dass Quintfallsequenzen als Kompositionstechnik durch die Jahrhunderte hindurch bis heute erhalten blieben.
Steven Pinker: Personal Takes
Authors: Arste Kai
Published: April 2022

In a series of academically serious but nonetheless very accessible books, the Canadian-born Harvard-based cognitive scientist Steven Pinker (1954- ) has over many years, gradually expanding the scope, explored the working of language, of our language ability and of our minds in general, and lately also our human nature and aspects of our living together in society. This paper presents brief personal summaries of five of his major works.
Assessing the Robustness of the Relationship between Tolerance and Intelligence
Authors: Lasker Jordan , McNaughtan Jon
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Individual differences in intelligence have been repeatedly found to be positively related to tolerance towards, and support for, the rights of groups different from one’s own. These findings hold true even when considering groups individuals dislike. This relationship has been explained in terms of both direct effects – whereby more intelligent people form more cognitive and less visceral opinions about other groups – and indirect ones, where the relationship represents the effects of phenomena like education or urban living, that have also been argued to give rise to higher intelligence and greater tolerance for others. Methods: To assess the robustness of this association to a plethora of common alternative explanations, we conducted a Specification Curve Analysis with the data from the U.S.-based General Social Survey (Nspecification max >15000). This method fits all possible configurations of a model that are possible with a set of variables, making it uniquely well-suited for robustness testing. Results: We found that the relationship was almost wholly robust to many alternative explanations, and in those cases where the relationship became null, it was likely the result of small sample sizes for a given specification. Conclusion: Intelligence and tolerance are strongly and consistently related.
Typological linguistic diversity and L1 lexical knowledge and processing in kindergartners: behavioral and neural signatures
Authors: Kepinska Olga , Caballero Jocelyn N , Oliver Myriam , Marks Rebecca A. , Haft Stephanie , Zekelman Leo , Kovelman Ioulia , Uchikoshi Yuuko , Hoeft Fumiko
Published: April 2022

The paper aims at establishing whether relative differences and similarities between languages multilingual children are exposed to contribute to the development of their cognition and brain. Our goal was to investigate the effects of typological linguistic diversity on first language (L1) lexical knowledge and processing in kindergartners and establish its behavioral and neural signatures. We analyzed 162 data points collected from 5-6-year-old kinder-gartners with various language backgrounds on a monolingual-to-quintilingual continuum. Detailed parental questionnaires and in-person interviews were used to calculate the length of cumulative exposure to any language each child in the sample came into contact with. We then gathered information on the relative linguistic distances between each child’s languages, based on languages’ lexicons. Two behavioral outcome variables were used in the study: (1) receptive and (2) expressive L1, English vocabulary; the neuroimaging data consisted of fMRI sequences collected during an English Audito-ry Word-Form Match Task. To deal with variable language backgrounds of our participants, we leveraged computational tools from information tech-nology – Shannon’s (1948) entropy, and the study of ecological diversity – Rao’s (1982) quadratic entropy index of diversity, thus offering a novel, multi-dimensional quantification of language exposure in multilinguals. Our results show that typological linguistic diversity can be related to expressive but not receptive L1 vocabulary scores. On neural level, it relates to brain activation patters in (among others) the PGa area in the bilateral IPL, a brain region that previous studies repeatedly associated with multilingual experience, but never with typological linguistic diversity. With this study, we propose an ecologically valid way of describing the continuum of multilingual language experience, an approach rarely followed but highly called for in the multilingual literature. We furthermore provide evidence for both the cognition and the brain of multilingual kindergartners to be related to the typological linguistic diversity of their environment.
Beyond the brain localization of complex traits: Distributed white matter markers of personality
Authors: Stendel Moriah , Chavez Robert
Published: April 2022

Extensive work in personality neuroscience has shown mixed results in the ability to localize reliable relationships between personality traits and neuroimaging measures. However, recent work in translational neuroimaging has recognized that multifaceted psychological dispositions are not represented in discrete, highly localized brain areas. As such, standard univariate neuroimaging analyses may not be well-suited for capturing broad personality traits supported by distributed networks. The present study uses an out-of-sample predictive modeling approach to identify multivariate signatures of Big Five personality traits within the structural integrity of the brain’s white matter pathways using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. In Study 1 (N = 491), we trained a ridge regression model to predict each of the Big Five traits and tested these models in an independent hold-out subsample. We found that models for both Neuroticism and Openness were significantly related to predictive accuracy in the hold-out sample. Study 2 (N = 108) applied the predictive models from Study 1 to an independent set of data collected on a different scanner and using a different Big Five scale. Here, we found that the model for Neuroticism remained a significant predictor of individual difference, providing evidence that this white matter signature of Neuroticism generalizes across differences in measurement and samples.
Why does the Tritone Sound Devilish?
Authors: Willimek Bernd , Willimek Daniela
Published: April 2022

Generally, the sound of the tritone has an unpleasant effect on the listener. Thus, it has been described as hideous, ugly, insidious, and diabolical. Until now, there has been no generally accepted explanation for this effect. In this paper, a reason, based on the theory of musical equilibration, is presented. The music-theoretical peculiarity of this sound is that its two leading tones cannot be clearly identified. One does not know which of its two leading tones points upward and which points downward. In an experiment it can be shown that the tritone loses all its negative sound characteristics if one briefly strikes another interval in addition to the tritone, which gives the leading tones a clear orientation. If you then listen to the tritone again, it suddenly sounds harmless. In this way, the ambivalence of its leading tones proves to be the cause of the tritone's unpleasant effect.
New Meanings of 'Heroism’? Types of Sporting ‘Heroes’ in Egyptian Cinema
Authors: Atef Noha
Published: April 2022

This article aims at exploring the image of the athlete in the Egyptian social imagination by following its representation in cinema over the last three decades. I examine the characteristics of the folkloric hero through epic tales taken from throughout Islamic history and right up to the 21st century. In addition, I juxtapose the hero in popular culture with the protagonist in the Egyptian films and the athlete hero in cinema in terms of the following: The conflict the sporting hero overcomes in the film, the role of sport in this conflict, and the overall significance of the conflict; the personal traits of the sporting protagonist; the social class of the sporting hero; and the gender of the hero.The output of this article is a typology of four sportsperson stereotypes in Egyptian cinema, achieved through different strategies. I propose a typology of four types of Egyptian cinema sporting hero: The Regular Person, who encounters contradictions of good and evil, makes mistakes, and then returns to their senses; The National Hero, who brings victory to his nation; The Comedian; and The Marginalized.
Histopathological study of round cell tumors of the head and neck region in a tertiary care hospital: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhuvithsii Zhuvi , Sarma Anupam , Ahmed Shiraj , Kakoti Lopa Mudra , Sharma Jagannath Dev , Pathak Tarali , Das Sawmik , Kataki Amal Chandra
Published: April 2022

Background: Small round cell tumors are heterogeneous, highly aggressive malignant tumors occuring in unusual sites with overlapping clinical and radiographic features.  Their diagnosis is challenging using conventional histopathologic approaches because of indistinct features in small biopsy samples and hence immunohistochemistry is a must. This study was undertaken to evaluate the pattern, common types, age, sex distribution of round cell tumors of the head and neck region and to obtain morphological immunohistochemistry correlation.
Material and Methods: It is a retrospective study of 99 cases which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Paraffin blocks were retrieved and were reviewed by two independent expert observers and immunohistochemistry was repeated whenever necessary.
Results: Final diagnosis was given based on the immunohistochemistry pattern and our study showed 8 spectrums of round cell tumours. Lymphoma was the most common followed by neuroendocrine carcinoma. Most B-cell Non Hodgkin Lymphoma, undifferentiated carcinomas and Neuroendocrine carcinomas were observed in older group whereas, Ewing sarcoma /Primitive Neuro Ectodermal Tumour and T cell NHL were seen more in younger group. According to sex wise distribution, 70 (70.7%) cases were male and 29 (29.3%) females with male to female ratio of 2.4:1.
Conclusions: Round cell tumors can occur at any sites of the head and neck region. There are certain morphologic features for each tumor which may help the surgical pathologist to come to a probable diagnosis in addition to careful search of the detailed history, location of tumor, presentation, radiological findings and ultimately correlating with immunohistochemistry.
Novel Biomarkers of Health and Degeneration in Human Intervertebral Discs: In-depth Proteomic Analysis of Collagen Framework of Fetal, Healthy, Scoliotic, Degenerate, and Herniated Discs
Authors: Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan , Soundararajan Dilip Chand Raja , Nayagam Sharon Miracle , Tangavel Chitraa , Raveendran Muthuraja , K S Sri Vijay Anand , Shetty Ajoy Prasad , Kanna Rishi Mugesh
Published: April 2022

Study Design: Profiling proteins expressed in the nucleus pulposus (NP) of intervertebral discs (IVDs) in five different biological states.Purpose: To evaluate the molecular complexity of the collagen (COL) framework and its role in the health and disease of human IVDs.Overview of Literature: Changes in COL composition have been linked to degenerative disk disease (DDD). Despite the fact that humans have 28 different types of COLs, most of the literature focuses solely on COL-1 and COL-2. This study used high-end proteomic technology to examine the entire COL composition of the human IVD across fetal (developmental-FD), normal (healthy-ND), scoliotic (early degeneration-SD), herniated (degenerate-DH), and degenerated (DD) disk phenotypes.Methods: Forty NP tissues were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen (–196°C) immediately before being subjected to proteomic and bioinformatic analyses from five different disk phenotypes (eight each).Results: Tandem mass spectrometric analysis revealed a total of 1,050 proteins in FDs, 1,809 in ND, 1,487 in SD, 1,859 in DH, and 1,538 in the DD group. Of 28 major collagens reported in the human body, this study identified 24 different collagens with 34 subtypes in NP. Fibril-forming collagens (COL-1, 2, and 11A1) and fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (COL-9A1, 12A1, and 14A1) were abundantly expressed in FDs, representing their role in the development of NP. Multiplexin (COL-15), a hybrid proteoglycan–collagen molecule, was discovered only in FDs. Degeneration was associated with COL2A1 downregulation and COL-10A1 upregulation.Conclusions: COL10 was discovered to be a new biomarker for disk degeneration. Besides COL-1 and 2, other important COLs (6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15) with anabolic potential and abundant expression in the fetal phenotype could be investigated for tissue engineering and novel DDD therapy.
No woman alone: Dorothy Russell’s legacy to neurosurgery
Authors: Jubran Jubran H. , Houlihan Lena Mary , Staudinger Knoll Ann J. , Farhadi Dara S. , Leblanc Richard , Preul Mark C.
Published: April 2022

Dorothy Russell’s contributions to neuropathology are pivotal in the evolution of modern neurosurgery. In an era preferential to men in medicine, she entered the second medical school class to include women at the London Hospital Medical College in 1919. In the laboratory of Hubert Turnbull, she met Hugh Cairns, who would become her professional neurosurgeon-neuropathologist partner. In 1929, arriving at McGill’s Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal, where Wilder Penfield and William Cone had just begun a neurosurgical service, Russell elucidated the origin and activity of microglia. Returning to London, Russell continued to work closely with Cairns for many years. Along with J. O. W. Bland, she became the first to culture gliomas and meningiomas. Her work on the effects of and fatality rates associated with head injuries among soldiers during World War II led to the initiation of helmet requirements for motorcyclists. Her textbook, Pathology of the Tumours of the Nervous System, written with Lucien Rubinstein, is considered a landmark text in neurosurgery, neuropathology, and neurooncology. Honored by Penfield and Cone as their first neurosurgery research fellow, Russell was considered a favorite of the Montreal Neurological Institute. Dorothy Russell’s extraordinary career elucidating the mysteries of neurosurgical pathology has made an enduring mark on neurosurgery.
How to dose-stage large or high-risk brain metastases: an alternative two-fraction radiosurgical treatment approach
Authors: Cho Anna , Medvedeva Kira , Kranawetter Beate , Untersteiner Helena , Hirschmann Dorian , Lepilina Olga , Baulin Anatoly , Buschmann Martin , Ertl Adolf , Marik Wolfgang , Dorfer Christian , Rössler Karl , Gatterbauer Brigitte , Ilyalov Sergey , Frischer Josa M.
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

The authors sought to evaluate clinical outcome in patients with large, high-risk brain metastases (BMs) treated with different dose strategies by use of two-fraction dose-staged Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS).

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was performed with data from 142 patients from two centers who had been treated with two-fraction dose-staged GKRS between June 2015 and January 2020. Depending on the changes in marginal dose between the first (GKRS1) and second (GKRS2) GKRS treatments, the study population was divided into three treatment groups: dose escalation, dose maintenance, and dose de-escalation.

RESULTS

The 142 study patients underwent two-fraction dose-staged GKRS treatments for 166 large, high-risk BMs. The median tumor volume of 7.4 cm3 decreased significantly from GKRS1 to GKRS2 (4.4 cm3; p < 0.001), and to the last follow-up (1.8 cm3; p < 0.001). These significant differences in BM volume reduction were achieved in all three treatment groups. However, differences according to the primary tumor histology were apparent: while dose maintenance seemed to be the most effective treatment strategy for BMs from lung cancer or melanoma, dose escalation was the most beneficial treatment option for BMs from breast, gastrointestinal, or genitourinary cancer. Of note, the vast majority of patients who underwent dose-staged BM treatment did not show any significant postradiosurgical complications.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with large, high-risk BMs, dose-staged GKRS treatment represents an effective local treatment method with acceptable complication risks. Different dose-strategy options are available that may be chosen according to the primary tumor histology and treatment volume but may also be tailored to the findings at GKRS2.
COMPARATIVE IMMUNOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ASTROCYTES AND NEUROCYTES OF THE CEREBELLAR GRAY MATTER IN RATS INFLUENCED BY THE FOOD ADDITIVES COMPLEX
Authors: Kononov B.S. , Bilash S.M.
Published: April 2022

Neurological diseases are among the most common in Ukraine, especially given the development of technology in the food industry and the accelerated pace of life, which contributes to an increased number of food additives in nutrition products. The cerebellum is easily affected by adverse effects. Our research aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of immunomorphological changes of astrocytes with neurons in the cerebellar gray matter of rats at different periods of consuming food additives, namely monosodium glutamate (food additive E621), ponceau 4R (food additive E124) and sunset yellow (food additive E110), using glial acid fibrillar protein and NeuN-immunoreactivity reaction. White rats were used in this study. We applied the immunohistochemical marker GFAP to establish protoplasmic astrocytes, and paraffin sections for the Neun-immunoreactivity reaction. Student's T-criterion was used to compare quantitative values in dual series. The difference was considered reliable at values of p<0.05. As a result of the study, histological specimens demonstrated GFAP-positive cells with large perikaryon and numerical processes, which we identified as protoplasmic astrocytes, and NeuN-positive piriform structures, from whose narrowed apex 2-3 dendrites radiated to the molecular layer, and the latter in turn gave numerous branches. We identified these cells as piriform neurons or Purkinje cells. Experimental studies have shown that in both gray and white matter of the cerebellum, there are compensatory and adaptive processes aimed at partial restoration of structural components of the cerebellum, and GFAP-positive structures play a decisive role in this process as a fibrillar framework. Furthermore, the morphometric study found that in the dynamics of the experiment, the average number of NeuN-positive Purkinje cells of the ganglion layer of the cerebellar cortex of rats in different experimental groups (from 1 to 5) significantly increased at p˂0.05 as compared to the control group of animals.
Left-sided Appendicitis with Intestinal Non-rotation: A Case Report
Authors: Bhattarai Ashish Mohan , Devkota Yogendra , Bhattarai Ayush Mohan
Published: April 2022

Appendicitis rarely presents with an left lower abdominal pain especially when the intestine is non-rotated or malrotated. Its diagnosis becomes quite troublesome to clinicians and delays prompt intervention. Non-rotation is the most common type of intestinal malrotation. Here, we present a case of a 40-year-old female with previously undiagnosed intestinal non-rotation with left lower abdominal pain and features of localised peritonitis. Abdominal ultrasonography and multidetector computerised tomography showed left-sided appendicitis with intestinal non-rotation. Diagnostic laparoscopy followed by explorative laparotomy and appendectomy was performed. Clinicians and surgeons are usually trained to diagnose and operate on right-sided appendix, thus, diagnosing and promptly intervening on left-sided appendicitis is quite challenging. Left-sided appendicitis must be kept in mind if a patient presents with left lower abdominal pain. Timely radiological scans like ultrasonography and computerised tomography scans help in prompt diagnosis in these cases.
Vitamin D Deficiency among Patients Visiting Outpatient Departments in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chand Arun Bahadur , Singh Samir , Bhatt Lok Raj , Sen Bindu , Joshi Yadav Prasad , Joshi Pramod , Shrestha Lok Bahadur , Shrestha Sailendra Kumar Duwal , Basnet Ajaya
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health issue affecting billions of people. Its deficiency results in abnormal homeostasis of calcium and phosphorous levels in an individual and results in reduced bone mineral density, which further makes them more prone to develop osteogenic disorders, such as fractures. The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patients visiting the outpatient departments in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done among 582 patients visiting outpatient departments in a tertiary care centre between January 1, 2019 and July 31, 2020. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 076/077/17) of a tertiary care centre. A convenience sampling method was used. Patients’ demographic detail and serum vitamin D level were determined. Data were collected retrospectively from hospital records and analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 17.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency, the proportion for binary data, and mean with standard deviation for continuous data.
Results: Among 582 patients enrolled in this study, 328 (56.35%) (52.32-60.38 at 95% Confidence Interval) patients were vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 238 (72.56%) females and 257 (78.35%) aged 16 to 59 years. Finally, there were 102 (31.09%) cases of vitamin D deficiency over the winter season.
Conclusions: The prevalence of serum vitamin D deficiency in the current study was lower when compared to similar studies done in similar settings and similar to the prevalence from international literature.