bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ponowoczesne gry w przestrzeni tanatycznej, czyli o zmianach w kulturze pochówku w Polsce
Authors: Karnat Anna
Published: November 2020

Postmodern games in thanatic space, or changes in the burial culture in Poland: The present article deals with burial culture in Poland and more exactly with its fundamental elements within the context of their permanence and changeability. Beside recourse to the main currents of the discussed publication, the text shows the appearance of new phenomena linked to the formulating anew of the experience of death and its placement within the postmodern landscape, one marked by the high dynamism of processes, fragmentariness, and a dispersal and detachment from traditionalism. Even though burial cultural in Poland is still extremely strongly marked by tradition and is characterised by a significant stability (the permanence of models and schemes), it is possible to notice within it new phenomena that may be directly linked to consumer culture and the global popularisation of these models. Tendencies to search for new forms of rites and the creation of new rituals, which through their nature will correspond to the postmodern experience of death, are becoming stronger. On the one hand, this may point to an overcoming of the experience of a confrontation with death, while on the other, it constitutes an expression of contemporary games in a space designated by Thanatos. One may state that following the emotional neutrality that was characteristic for the objective and rationalised social relations within modernity, postmodernity liberates new possibilities of expression connected with the act of saying one’s farewells to a dead person. These may be original and unique at times, other times merely copied and applied as the set models and schemes of the funeral industry. As a consequence the symbolic sphere and some of the rituals accompanying burial allows for the staging of an individual, objective and original burial act on the one hand, while on the other, for a succumbing to commercialisation and entrance into the on-going process of funeral service market-focusing, and of a more economical orientation towards death.
Kilka uwag na temat polemiki Plutarcha ze stoikami
Authors: Damski Michał
Published: November 2020

Some comments on the polemics of Plutarch with Stoics The purpose of this article is to briefly discuss several key anti-stoic arguments presented in Plutarch’s polemical texts — De stoicorum repugnantiis and De communibus notitiis adversus stoicos. The paper argues that the polemic against Stoicism is rather ill-disposed and that the presented arguments, despite their rhetorical power and elegancy in language, show an insufficient understanding of the criticised doctrine.
Portret Herodota w świetle traktatu De Herodoti malignitate Plutarcha z Cheronei
Authors: Marchewka Anna
Published: November 2020

Portrait of Herodotus in the light of Plutarch’s treatise De Herodoti malignitate As a Platonist and moralist Plutarch paid particular attention truth. No wonder that in his reference to Herodotus’ Histories he took into consideration the issue of historical truth, which was for him very important — both in its ethical as well as didactic aspect. In his De Herodoti malignitate the Chaeronean moralist is concerned with truth as well as with offering moral uplift. Plutarch presents Herodotus as a perfidious liar who falsely presented such famous and heroic Greeks as Miltiades, Leonidas, Themistocles or Pausanias and — above all — depreciatingly treated the Boeotians and Corinthians. Moreover, Plutarch accuses the historian of Halicarnassus of being malicious (κακοήθεια). For him Herodotus’ lies were deliberate and slandering. Herodotus was also a blasphemer, a pro-barbarian historian; a man who disregarded women. Finally, we get the Plutarchan portrait of Herodotus himself as a blunt barbarian (ὁ ἔσχατος Καρῶν). Such a presentation of Herodotus seems to attest to Plutarch’s own prejudices, if not wickedness. By the same, however, one must take into consideration the literary tradition in which the whole treatise is rooted. So De Herodoti malignitate contains features of historical polemics and is an example of judicial rhetoric, in which the biographer attempts at persuading his readers that his charges against Herodotus are well justified. The treatise is a work representing the new intellectual trend, the so-called Second Sophistic; a polemic written in a period when the Greek intellectuals were deeply engaged in taking issues with past writers. Moreover, a fundamental aspect of De Herodoti malignitate should be taken into account — truth which is analyzed from a moral and psychological perspective. Although a leading motif of the treatise is truthfulness, the direct subject-matter of Plutarch’s considerations remains a lie, or — to put it exactly — lying. Accordingly, the Boeotian moralist singles out and analyses all the fundamental forms of lying. A suitable interpretation of the treatise De Herodoti malignitate depends thus on our knowledge of the cultural distance between Herodotus and Plutarch, although both authors were the representatives of Greek prosa.
Kleopatra i eros w Żywocie Antoniusza. O nadinterpretacji dzieła Plutarcha
Authors: Kostuch Lucyna
Published: November 2020

Cleopatra and Eros in Plutarch’s Antonius. On overinterpretation of Plutarch’s work Historians, writers and artists who wanted to pay homage to Cleopatra once again, referred to and still refer to Plutarch’s Life of Antony, first and foremost. It can seem that this main, if not the only ancient work, being quite a compact story about the Egyptian queen, has been ultimately interpreted in numerous review editions and biographies of Cleopatra. However, Plutarch’s Cleopatra has not been analysed as a separate work — excerpts from Life of Antony have always been combined with other sources in order to obtain a single picture. And in belles-lettres, the work of this ancient moralist have been exploited for centuries in such a way that it is no longer Plutarch’s property. Literary works from different epochs, in the form of interpretations, with Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra at the head of the list, have distorted the ancient moralist’s message. It turns out that when we reject Shakespeare’s prism that we usually use when examining Plutarch’s Cleopatra and we start to analyse Antony’s biography only in the context of other works written by the moralist of Chaeronea, considering them to be a peculiar comment on Life of Antony, we are able to see a completely different picture to the one we are used to. Divine powers, present on the pages of the ancient work and implicating gods and people in love and desire do not have access to the queen. However, everything suggests that in the case of “the romance of all time” we can see in the moralist’s work something he did not write at all. We refer to Life of Antony and we envisage the character of Cleopatra described by Shakespeare and his successors.
Plutarch w Semeioseis gnomikai Teodora Metochitesa
Authors: Jażdżewska Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

Plutarch in Semeioseis gnomikai of Theodor Metochites The paper focuses on the reception of Plutarch’s Moralia in Theodore Metochites’ Semeioseis gnomikai. It discusses chapter 71 of Metochites’ work, one of several chapters focused on ancient authors, which is dedicated to Plutarch. Metochites praises Plutarch as a wise man and a philosopher and in particular approves of his character. According to Metochites, Plutarch was not tainted by the usual flaws of intellectuals such as envy and arrogance, but was motivated by a pure love of wisdom and generously acknowledged the achievements of his predecessors. Metochites interprets Plutarch’s erudition, polymathia, as a sign of a noble, high-minded nature, and therefore as evidence of moral virtue.
Plutarch i jego praktyczne znaczenie: bonae litterae Erazma z Rotterdamu
Authors: Nowakowski Dawid
Published: November 2020

Plutarch and the practical dimension of his oeuvre: bonae litterae of Erasmus of Rotterdam The present essay aims to study the peculiarities of Plutarch’s impact on the works of Erasmus of Rotterdam, and the importance of the Cheronean for the Erasmian concept of bonae litterae. The paper starts by tracing the origins and character of Erasmus’ acquaintance with Plutarch’s writings, then it emphasizes Erasmus’ regard for the moral aspect of the Cheronean legacy and the privileged position of the Greek moralist within Erasmian thought.
Klasyfikacja doktryn buddyjskich według Zongmiego a istota religii
Authors: Nowak Kamil
Published: November 2020

The classification of Buddhist doctrines by Zongmi and the essence of religion In the paper the system of doctrinal classification (pànjiào 判教) created by the Buddhist scholar of the Chinese Tang Dynasty (618–907) Guifeng Zongmi (Guīfēng Zōngmì 圭峰宗密, 780–841) has been analyzed. The paper consists of two parts. In the first part the author describes Zongmi’s doctrinal classification, focusing on the process of the deconstruction of consecutive Buddhist doctrines. In the second part the author compares particular doctrines with the most important theories on the essence of religion. The comparison aims at revealing the limitations of those theories, when applied to the understanding of the religious systems, based on the gradual attaining of gnosis, such as the system of panjiao. In the conclusion the author suggests the creation of a synthesis of the enlisted concepts of religious studies, based on the synthesis of the Buddhist doctrines combined within the panjiao system.
Contribution to mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) fauna of Sakarya province and the first record of the invasive vector Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) for Kocaeli province
Authors: ŞAKACI Zafer
Published: November 2020

Mosquitoes are temporary external parasites that suck blood and which can be disease carriers for humans and many animals in nature. In this study, the material obtained as a result of field studies carried out in Adapazarı and Söğütlü districts of Sakarya province and İzmit district of Kocaeli province between February 2018 and August 2018 were evaluated. 9 mosquito species were identified from Sakarya province. Five of these species [Anopheles plumbeus Stephens, 1828, Aedes geniculatus (Olivier, 1791), Ae. rusticus (Rossi, 1790), Ae. vexans (Meigen, 1830), Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart, 1838)] are new species for mosquito fauna in Sakarya province. The invasive species Ae. albopictus (Skuse, 1894) has been recorded for the first time from Kocaeli province and this record is the first record for Culicidae family in Kocaeli.
Analysis of light curve and orbital period of contact binary NO Vul
Authors: YILDIRIM Muhammed Faruk , SOYDUGAN Faruk
Published: November 2020

In this study, we investigated light curve analysis of contact binary system NO Vul. Also, we investigated orbital period variations of contact binaries NO Vul based on all published minima times and also those obtained from our own observations. Photometric observations are obtained from the ASAS public archive. Physical parameters of the system are derived using the modeling code by Wilson and Dewinney’s (WD). Photometric results indicate that NO Vul is q = 0.72(2) and about f =%19 respectively and the derived orbital inclination i =77(1).
2-((4-hidroksifenil)imino)metil)fenol bileşiğinin NaBH4 ile indirgenme reaksiyonunun FT-IR ile çözelti ortamında izlenmesi
Authors: TURHAN Onur , YAŞAR Hatice
Published: November 2020

İminler aldehit ve ketonların primer aminlerle reaksiyonu sonucu oluşur. İminlerin indirgenmesi ile de bazı sübstitüe aminler elde edilir. Endüstrinin pek çok dalında ve organik sentezlerde kullanılan aminler ve iminler kimyada ilgi gören önemli bileşiklerdir. Bu çalışmada salisilaldehit ile 4-aminofenolün reaksiyonundan bir imin bileşiği olan (2-(((4-hidroksifenil)imino)metil)fenol sentezlenmiştir. İmin bileşiğindeki C=N çift bağlarının çözelti ortamında indirgenmesi reaksiyon başlangıcı background tanımlama yöntemi kullanılarak FT-IR ile izlenmiştir. 2-(((4-hidroksifenil)imino)metil)fenol bileşiğinin NaBH4 ile indirgenmesi oda sıcaklığında FT-IR sıvı hücresinde çözelti ortamında incelenmiştir. İminin NaBH4 ile indirgenmesi sonucunda sekonder amin bileşiği 2-(((4-hidroksifenil)amino)metil)fenol elde edilmiştir. Saflaştırılan 2-(((4-hidroksifenil)imino)metil)fenol bileşiğinin ve indirgenme işlemi sonunda elde edilen 2-(((4-hidroksifenil)amino)metil)fenol bileşiğinin yapıları FT-IR, 1H-NMR ve 13C-NMR analizleri ile aydınlatılmıştır.
ASSESSMENT OF CONCENTRATION STATUS OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN WATER ALONG RIVER DILIMI, JOS NORTH, PLATEAU STATE-NIGERIA
Authors: Oiganji Ezekiel , Dikam K. I.
Published: November 2020

Aim: This study was carried out to assess concentration status of someheavy metals in water along River Dilimi, Nigeria. The Nigerian inland waterbodies have been subjected to various forms of degradation due topollution. River Dilimi in Jos North of Plateau state capital is one of suchendangered inland water bodies. Activities around and in the river has ledto discharge of various heavy metal pollutants into the aquaticenvironment rendering water unsuitable for its intended purposes.Methodology and Results: Six (6) water samples were collected at theupper, centre and lower section of the river at the 20 and 120 cm depth, for every six (6) weeks making a total of eighteen (18) samples, Analyzed atNigerian Institute of Mining and Geosciences, Jos. The water samplescollected were pre-treated with few drops of concentrated Nitric acid, anddigested with Aqua-regia in the ratio of 3:1 for an hour. Different standardsolutions were prepared for AAS analysis under Beer-Lambert method ofmetal analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Thedata obtained were subjected statistical analysis. The results obtained fromanalyzed water samples were alarming, iron, lead, cadmium andManganese were above the recommended threshold by 277, 6,400, 1,233and 580% accordingly, while zinc and copper were within permissible limit.Conclusion, significance and impact study: River Dilimi can be said to behighly concentrated with hazardous metals of concern like Fe, Pb, Cd andMn. This as a result of bioaccumulation will affect human and animalhealth, aquatic life and crop productivity.
URBAN FACADE GEOMETRY ON OUTDOOR COMFORT CONDITIONS: A REVIEW
Authors: Mirabi Elahe , Nazanin Nasrollahi
Published: November 2020

Designing urban facades is considered as a major factor influencing issuessuch as natural ventilation of buildings and urban areas, radiations in theurban canyon for designing low-energy buildings, cooling demand forbuildings in urban area, and thermal comfort in urban streets. However, sofar, most studies on urban topics have been focused on flat facadeswithout details of urban layouts. Hence, the effect of urban facades withdetails such as the balcony and corbelling on thermal comfort conditionsand air flow behavior are discussed in this literature review. Aim: Thisstudy was carried out to investigate the effective factors of urban facades,including the effects of building configuration, geometry and urbancanyon’s orientation. Methodology and Results: According to the results,the air flow behavior is affected by a wide range of factors such as windconditions, urban geometry and wind direction. Urban façade geometrycan change outdoor air flow pattern, thermal comfort and solar access.Conclusion, significance and impact study: In particular, the geometry ofthe facade, such as indentation and protrusion, has a significant effect onthe air flow and thermal behavior in urban facades and can enhanceoutdoor comfort conditions. Also, Alternation in façade geometry canaffect pedestrians' comfort and buildings energy demands.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT (EHRA) APPROACHES IN THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT (SEA) : A METAANALYSIS
Authors: Nastiti Anindrya , Kusumah Siska Widya D , Marselina Mariana , Nursyafira Karina , Monica Astrid , Phan Dharmawan
Published: November 2020

Aim: This paper aims to understand how the concept of risk and riskgovernance can be best articulated and integrated into Indonesia’s SEA.Attention regarding health risks emerging from human interactions withthe physical environment has increased in Sustainable Development andPlanning (SDP). Methodology and Results: Strategic EnvironmentAssessment (SEA) is the current context-based methodology addressingenvironmental and health risks of development planning in manycountries. Environmental and health risk assessment (EHRA) is anintegrated part of the SEA. EHRA, as a field of science, has evolved towardsspecific needs in many sectors, e.g. dose-response, quantitative microbialrisk assessment, ecological risk assessment. The main challenge is how todetermine the suitable EHRA approaches and translate the fact-basedEHRA into risk-informed strategies in SDP. In Indonesia, the SEA is mandatory for regional planning documents. However, there is limitedguidelines and application on EHRA in SEA. Through a meta-analysis, wereviewed scholarly articles published from 2009 to 2019 available inGoogle Scholar that report the concepts and implementation of EHRA andSEA in various countries. Conclusion, significance and study impact: Thisstudy has significant implications for the understanding of risk governancein SDP.
DECOLORIZATION OF DISTILLERY EFFLUENT WASTE BY MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM
Authors: Singh Gauri , Singh Ashok Kumar
Published: November 2020

Aim: The effluent discharged from sugarcane molasses based distilleries causes environmental pollution due to its large volume and dark brown colour. The effluents also acifidys soils and causes harmful effects on agriculture crops. The objective of this work was the decolourization of molasses waste water from Doiwala sugar industry, Dehradun was done using different microbial consortiums. Methodology and Results: The microbial strains used in this study were obtained from IMTECH, Chandigarh. They were designated as A is E. coli, B is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, C is Staphylococcus aureus, D is Serritia odoriferae, E is Proteus vulgaris and F is Candida albicans. A total of six combinations were prepared using these strains i.e A+B, C+D, E+F, A+B+C, D+E+F and A+B+C+D+E+F. These consortiums were subjected to decolorization experiment of molasses waste water from Doiwala Sugar Factory, Dehradun, India at regular time interval by measuring the optical density. It was observed that at 7th day incubation in each case all consortiums showed maximum decolorization after which the percentage of decolorization was stable. It was also observed that the bacterial consortiums showed higher decolorization than the mixture of bacteria and fungi. Consortium C+D showed highest decolorization i.e. 89%. Conclusion, significance and impact study: it is recommended that industry should work with this consortium for decolorization of molasses containing wastewater to solve this environmental problem.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTROLYSIS-ENHANCED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF THREE SOLUBLE SOLID WASTES FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
Authors: A Adewumi , H Lasisi K , K Akinmusere O , O Ojo A , O Babatola J
Published: November 2020

Aim: A comparative study of biogas production from three soluble solid wastes was conducted under anaerobic conditions by subjecting each waste to both conventional and electrolyzed digesters. Methodology and Results: Varying weight of each of the waste was mixed thoroughly with water and fed into five digesters. Three of these digesters were electrolytically-enhanced while the other two were not. The digestion of each of the wastes was monitored for 40 days at an ambient temperature ranging from 24 to 35oC. In all the digesters, biogas production started on the day 2, and attained maximum value on day 14 to17. Biogas production ended on the day 34 and 35 in digester 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b with production ending earliest in digester 3 containing wastewater on day 19. The highest biogas was produced in digester 2b containing electrolyzed digester loaded with poultry droppings) with a cumulative volume percentage of 91.41 as compared to its conventional state with a cumulative volume percentage of 85.19 and both states of the cow dung waste with cumulative volume percentages of 77.26 and 71.64 respectively. The least production occurred in digester 3 with a cumulative volume percentage of 4.59. Conclusion, significance and impact study: It is therefore concluded that poultry droppings has the greatest potentials for the generation of biogas as compared to cow dung in conventional and electrolyzed state and wastewater.
Digital Platform for Circular Economy in AEC Industry
Authors: Iva Kovacic  , Meliha Honic  , Marijana Sreckovic
Published: November 2020

The construction industry is one of the world´s largest consumers of resources (sand, building materials) and produces significant amounts of waste. Simultaneously it is one of the least digitalized industries. With increasing levels of urbanization, scarceness of resources and lack of landfills, the policy of circular economy (CE) is becoming increasingly important in the construction industry. The European Union is obliging material recovery of construction and demolition waste to a minimum of 70% by weight by 2020 for all new construction projects. Simultaneously, digitalization in construction is one of the major goals in the EU digitalization action plan. We thereby hypothesize that digital technologies have significant potential to support CE in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) in multiple ways – for assessment of resources as well as for the prediction and optimization of upcoming waste and recycling masses. Based on our conducted and ongoing research projects - BIMaterial: Process- Design for a BIM- based Material Passport; SCI_BIM: Scanning and data capturing for the Integrated Resources and Energy Assessment using Building Information Modeling; and finally a Case Study reviewing digital tools and processes within a large design and planning company (DPC) - we assess to which degree and to what purpose digital technologies are used, and define the potentials and challenges for the realization of CE objectives in the construction industry. Based on the conducted assessment, we propose a framework for a Digital Platform for Circular Economy (DEEP), integrating various stakeholders and data repositories on the external (inter)- firm and internal (intra)- firm level, using open interfaces. Such a platform for the AEC aims to optimize the use of resources in the circular economy – from cradle to grave, foster mutual learning and coordination, and finally generate added value along the life cycle of a building project.
Estenose de cólon transverso com realização de transversectomia: relato de caso
Authors: Santos Henrique Amorim , Ferreira Amanda Karolyne Batista , Santos Isabella Amorim , Dos Reis Mateus Fernandes Alves , Garcez Michelle Maia , Argondizzi Roberto Oliveira , Iaquinto Mirelli Leonardi , Rocha Karen Pereira
Published: November 2020

A obstrução intestinal ocorre devido a uma diversidade de anomalias congênitas ou adquiridas, sendo a estenose intestinal uma, embora rara, importante causa de obstrução intestinal em recém-nascidos. Contudo, o diagnóstico pode ser retardado visto que nenhum dos sintomas de maior prevalência são patognomônicos da condição e a etiologia da estenose ainda não é bem entendida. Neste trabalho, relatamos o caso de um recém-nascido do sexo feminino que apresentou, desde a primeira semana de vida, quadros recorrentes de vômitos e distensão abdominal, associados a ausência de evacuação. Inicialmente, após enema opaco, foi levantado como hipótese diagnóstica a Doença de Hirschsprung, mas após a manutenção do quadro mesmo com tratamento conservador, foi realizada laparotomia e o caso revelou-se uma estenose de transverso, sendo adotado a correção cirúrgica através da transversectomia com ileostomia e fístula cutânea protetora. Desse modo, o caso foi apresentado com a finalidade de alertar para a necessidade de se considerar os diversos diagnósticos diferenciais na elaboração do pensamento clínico e, nesse caso, a necessidade de se considerar a estenose de intestino na elaboração de diagnósticos diferenciais em lactentes com quadro de constipação crônica.
Analisis Digital Forensik Rekaman Kamera CCTV Menggunakan Metode NIST (National Institute of Standards Technology)
Authors: Mualfah Desti , Ramadhan Rizdqi Akbar
Published: November 2020

Kejahatan konvensional yang terekam kamera CCTV (Closed Circuit Televison) semakin meningkat, setiap pelaku kejahatan yang terbukti melakukan tindak pidana tertentu akan dihukum sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Permasalahannya, adalah bagaimana sebuah kasus yang terekam pada kamera CCTV dapat dijadikan sebagai alat bukti digital. Bukti digital berkaitan erat dalam memastikan keamanan, privasi dan integritas data saat mengikuti tahapan proses identifikasi digital forensik. Tahap identifikasi menggunakan metode NIST (National Institute of Standarts Technolog) digunakan untuk investigasi dalam mencari informasi terkait metadata pada rekaman kamera CCTV agar dapat memberikan informasi terstruktur, menggambarkan serta mengolah sebuah informasi yang didapat dari sumber investigasi digital forensik dapat di implementasikan kedalam dokumen Chain of Custody yang bertujuan untuk dapat digunakan sebagai alat bukti digital yang sah dalam pengadilan
Effects of goat milk kefir fortified with vitamin D3 on Interleukin-18 levels in diabetic rats
Authors: Anggraeni K.D. , Anjani G. , Ardiaria M. , Nissa C. , Huang S.Y. , Panunggal B.
Published: November 2020

Hyperglycemia causes increased oxidative stress through an imbalance of reactive oxygen
species and antioxidative mechanisms. It stimulates the production of inflammatory
mediators and cytokines such as TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-18. Goat milk kefir and
vitamin D3 have potential as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents that can repair
damage to pancreatic β cells. This study analyzed the effects of goat milk kefir fortified
with vitamin D3 on the IL-18 level in diabetic rats. An experimental randomized pre-post
test with control group design was conducted on 20 male Wistar rats divided into four
groups, namely negative control (K-), positive control (K+), treatment with unfortified
kefir (P1), and treatment with kefir fortified with vitamin D3. The intervention lasted 34
days. Fasting blood glucose and IL-18 levels were measured before and after intervention.
Blood glucose and IL-18 levels were analyzed using the glucose oxidase p-aminophenol
method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. No significant increase in
the IL-18 level was found in the P1 group with a median of 56.5 (10–252.7) pg/mL to
148.2 (106.8–428.3) pg/mL (p = 0.465) or P2 group with a median of 117.3 (91.8–146.8)
pg/mL to 246.7 (168.8–311) pg/mL (p = 0.068), and no significant increase was observed
in blood glucose levels in the P1 group (366.9±134.8 mg/dL to 462.1±156.9 mg/dL, p =
0.357) or P2 group (415.0±203.8 mg/dL to 258±129 mg/dL, p = 0.463). Goat milk kefir
fortified with vitamin D3 could maintain blood glucose and IL-18 levels.
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis for flavonoids profiling of Napier grass herbal tea
Authors: Ng K.S. , Mohd Zin Z. , MohdMaidin N. , Mamat H. , Juhari N.H. , Zainol M.K.
Published: November 2020

Natural plant products are becoming more and more essential in helping to promote safe
well-being worldwide. This leads to a substantial rise in the consumption of various herbal
teas. The presence of beneficial bioactive ingredients such as flavonoids may be correlated
with Napier grass herbal tea having health benefits associated with their intake. Studies
have shown that herbal teas have preferentially high antioxidant activity due to the
presence of flavonoids in them. The purpose of this study was to identify the Napier grass
herbal teas flavonoids prepared under different conditions. Napier grass herbal teas have
been formulated using green tea and black tea processes, respectively. The tea samples
were extracted in water (95°C, 30 mins) and 60% (v/v) aqueous methanol (30 mins),
respectively. Approximately, 1% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid solution (solvent A) and
acetonitrile (solvent B) were used as the mobile phase. The flow rate was adjusted to 0.7
mL/min, the column was thermostatically controlled at 28°C, and the injection column
was kept at 20 μL. HPLC chromatograms were detected using a photodiode array UV
detector at 272 nm. Gallic acid, P-coumaric acid, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate,
quercetin, rutin, myricetin and kaempferol were found in both Napier grass water and
methanolic extracts, respectively. The findings suggested that the HPLC techniques are
ideal for the detection and identification of flavonoids in Napier grass teas
Rubric for Measuring and Visualizing the Effects of Learning Computer Programming for Elementary School Students
Authors: Saito Daisuke , Kaieda Shota , Washizaki Hironori , Fukazawa Yoshiaki
Published: November 2020

Aim/Purpose: Although many computer science measures have been proposed, visualizing individual students’ capabilities is difficult, as those measures often rely on specific tools and methods or are not graded. To solve these problems, we propose a rubric for measuring and visualizing the effects of learning computer programming for elementary school students enrolled in computer science education (CSE), which is independent of the programming language being used.

Background: In this research, we proposed a rubric based on existing CSE standards and criteria having a programming education-learning goal. We then applied this rubric to actual lessons to visualize the educational effects.

Methodology: The proposed new rubric for teaching computer programming, based on existing standards and criteria, was applied to fourth- and sixth-grade students in Japan. We assessed which skills were cultivated through quizzes before and after the teaching.

Contribution: This paper contributes on how to make and utilize a rubric for programming education in computer science. We evaluated and visualized the proposed rubric’s learning effects on children and found that our proposed rubrics are independent of any particular method or tool.

Findings: The results of this survey are twofold: (1) we proposed a rubric of programming education in computer science, independent of the programming tools used and (2) we succeeded in visualizing students’ learning stages by applying the proposed rubric to programming education conducted in a Japanese elementary school.

Recommendations for Practitioners: Evaluating educational effects in CSE is important. In particular, graded assessments of learner abilities can reveal individual characteristics. This research is useful for assessing CSE because it focuses specifically on programming education.

Recommendation for Researchers: The rubric’s suggestions and quality improvements in CSE help learners assess their learning progress and will clarify the cultivated computer science skills.

Impact on Society: This research evaluates CSE based on a rubric in the programming education field.

Future Research: Future work is needed to improve the proposed rubric’s quality and relevance. Also, this rubric should be applied to many classes to increase the number of evaluations and analyses.
AUTOMATIC EMOTION IDENTIFICATION IN RUSSIAN TEXT MESSAGES
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Babii A. S. , Kazyulina M. S. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod
Published: November 2020

Automatic emotive text analysis has demonstrated its relevance in recent years. In this paper, we address the issue of identification emotions in the text of informal internet-discourse of the Russian language. We consider text messages collected from Telegram and VK. Due to difficulty of such advanced form of sentiment analysis, this paper proposes an integrated approach to combining linguistic methods and machine learning. As a result, an automatic classifier of text messages on expressed emotions is designed. On testing, our model is estimated to provide near-human performance.
DECEPTIVE WORDS AND WHERE TO FIND THEM
Authors:   V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Iomdin B. L. ,   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Moscow, Russia, Morozov D. A. ,   The Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

Educational texts for children have two distinctly differing purposes: their readers must understand them and at the same time learn new words from them. It seems important and useful to be able to automatically detect words that may be unfamiliar to children of different ages. A challenging task is to identify words that readers perceive as familiar and understandable, but in fact understand them incorrectly. We propose a metric, called word deceptiveness, which is based on surveying and calculated as the product of the number of those respondents who mark the word as familiar by the number of those who correctly determine its meaning. We conducted a series of experiments and discovered several deceptive words in Russian. Several hypothetical mechanisms for the emergence of such words have been identified. In general, these are closeness to other, more familiar linguistic units: words, morphemes and word formation models. Future work will include an endeavor to learn to identify deceptive words on the basis of various linguistic factors.
CONSTRUCTIONS WITH LEXICAL REPETITIONS AND SHARED KNOWLEDGE: VARIETIES AND RESTRICTIONS
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia, Kriukova A. V. ,   University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Published: November 2020

The present paper looks into specific types of shared knowledge that speakers and hearers turn to when interpreting seemingly uninformative structures with lexical repetitions, particularly tautologies. It is feasible to consider the evoked knowledge along three parameters: metalinguistic vs. extralinguistic, descriptive vs. prescriptive, and common vs. local knowledge. The results show that while for the subclass of extralinguistic tautologies all four possible combinations are encountered, metalinguistic tautologies are always prescriptive and can only be based on common knowledge.
LEXICAL PROFILES OF RUSSIAN TEXTBOOKS FOR L1 AND L2 LEARNERS: COMPARATIVE CORPUS STUDY
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Moscow, Russia, Lebedeva M. Y. , Veselovskaya T. S. ,   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Moscow, Russia, Zhiltsova L. Y. ,   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Moscow, Russia, Kupreshchenko O. F. ,   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Moscow, Russia, Laposhina A. N. ,   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

This corpus-based study investigates the vocabulary of modern Russian textbooks for primary school children with different language proficiency in Russian (L1, L2 and bilingual children). As there are very limited requirements for this kind of educational materials and no official frameworks of language proficiency for very young learners of Russian, we suppose that the objective analysis of current coursebooks can show the present state of the field and reveal the areas of improvement. In this paper we focus on a detailed frequency analysis of vocabulary items and collocations within different sections of textbooks. For the research purposes a special textbook corpus TIRTEC has been created and annotated. By comparing the lexical content of textbooks, we endeavour to reveal the methodological approach to language teaching of children with different educational needs. Also the data from textbooks is compared to the words frequency range according to Russian National Corpus, so it permits to evaluate modern Russian textbooks in terms of their affinity to the “real” language.
ON TRADITIONAL CONCEPTION AND UPGRADING OF ONE APPLIED SEMANTIC DICTIONARY
Authors:   SRCC MSU, Moscow, Russia, Leontyeva N. N. , Ermakov M. V. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia, Krylov S. A. ,   Institute of Oriental studies RAS, Moscow, Russia, Semenova S. Yu. ,   INIION RAS,   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia, Sokolova E. G. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

The paper deals with upgrading of an electronic semantic dictionary of RUSLAN for automatic processing of Russian texts. The previous versions of the dictionary were created in the 1990-es and early 2000-es mainly for automatic processing of the Russian Federation’s state papers. Now the Authors inherit the basic formalism of the Dictionary, including the metalanguage and the structure of the dictionary entry. The current version is revised and enlarged in a number of ways. While the initial versions mostly predate the advent of corpus linguistics, the current version is based on corpus data. The Russian National Corpus was used as a source of sample sentences, as well as for determining statistically and empirically which linguistic information is pragmatically relevant. A structural representation for the sample sentences was designed, and a procedure for selecting lexical units from the corpus to use in a pragmatic description of polysemy. A formal representation of situations, previously outlined in the works of Nina N. Leontyeva, has also been detailed and largely realized. Among the lexicon, verbs in particular have received a more flexible description compared to the previous versions, and aspectual meanings are reflected with more nuance.
THE ANALOGUES OF TENSE INTERPRETATION IN RUSSIAN EMBEDDED CLAUSES: ABSOLUTE VS. RELATIVE MODALITY, ABSOLUTE VS. RELATIVE ASPECT
Authors:   National Research Unviersity Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Letuchiy A. B.
Published: November 2020

The paper adresses parallels between tense, aspect and modality marking in Russian embedded clauses. It is widely known that tense forms of embedded verbs can be interpreted relatively or absolutely, and in some cases, the relative and absolute use seem to be in free variation. It turns out that the interpretation of modality and aspect can be described along the same lines and classified into the relative and absolute uses. For instance, subjunctive mood—one of the main instruments of irreality marking—can be interpreted as less real than the main event (relative interpretation) or less real than the moment of speech (and to the same degree as the main event; absolute interpretation). Similarly, aspect forms, depending on their interpretation, can describe the structure of the situation compared to the speech act or to the main event. I show that the parallelism between the three categories is not full: for instance, relative modality is mainly observed in triclausal constructions. Modality interpretation is sensitive to the opposition of clausal adjuncts vs. relative clauses. For the aspect interpretation, the contrast between finite forms and infinitive is relevant: infinitive allows for relative use of perfective aspect use much easier than finite forms. Finally, interpretations of the three categories are related to each other. For example, in complement clauses, the relative interpretation is perfectly acceptable for all the three categories.
EXPERIENCE OF RESOLVING RUSSIAN PHRASE AMPHIBOLOGES USING "INTONTRAINER" SYSTEM
Authors:   United Institute of Informatics Problems NAS Belarus, Minsk, Belarus, Lobanov B. M. , Zhitko V. A. ,   United Institute of Informatics Problems NAS Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
Published: November 2020

The phenomenon of amphibologies in the Russian language and methods for its resolution, in contrast to the phenomena of verbal homonymy, are still poorly studied. In this paper, it is proposed to distinguish between two classes of amphibologies—amphibole in writing and amphibole in oral speech. The main attention is paid to the consideration of the features of the manifestation of Russian-speaking oral-speech amphibologies called phrasal amphibole. The classification of phrasal amphibologies of Russian speech into the following five types is proposed: syntagmatic, accentual, intonational, verbal and homonymous. It is argued that the main differences in the semantic variants of phrasal amphibologies lie in the field of their prosodic characteristics. At the same time, the intonation of the phrase, described by the features of melodic portraits, plays the most significant role. As a means of visual comparison of melodic portraits of two semantic variants of amphibole, as well as for numerical determination of their differences, the previously developed IntonTrainer system was used.
THE SMALLER THE BETTER? HETEROGENEITY OF CORPUS, TRAINING SIZE, AND MORPHOLOGICAL TAGGING
Authors:   HSE University, Moscow, Russia, Lyashevskaya O. N. , Ostyakova L. N. ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russia, Salnikov E. A. ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russia, Semenova O. A. ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

Orthographic and morphological heterogeneity of historical texts in premodern Slavic causes many difficulties in pos- and morphological tagging. Existing approaches to these tasks show state-of-the-art results without normalization, but they are still very sensitive to the properties of training data such as genre and origin. In this paper, we investigate to what extent the heterogeneity and size of the training corpus influence the quality of pos tagging and morphological analysis. We observe that UDpipe trained on different parts of the Middle Russian corpus demonstrates a boost in accuracy when using less training data. We resolve this paradox by analyzing the distribution of pos-tags and short words across subcorpora.
AN ABSTRACT MODEL OF SEARCH INDEX QUERY IN THE RUSSIAN NATIONAL CORPUS
Authors:   The Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Morozov D. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Gladilin S. ,   The Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute)
Published: November 2020

The paper discusses the so-called “bag problem,” which affects the search accuracy in the Russian National Corpus (RNC). Solving the problem requires a change of the search index data scheme used in RNC, which in its turn requires a significant refactoring of the RNC program code. The basis of such a refactoring is proposed to be an abstract model of the search index query, which allows us to separate the query formation from the query implementation. An experiment was carried out in which one of the RNC system program modules was decomposed, which confirmed sufficient expressiveness of the constructed model. Directions of further work are determined.
BLENDING FASTTEXT AND BERT PREDICTIONS FOR TAXONOMY ENRICHMENT
Authors:   Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia, Puzyrev D. , Artemova E. ,   Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Shelmanov A. ,   Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia, Panchenko A. ,   Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we present one of the solutions to the Taxonomy Enrichment shared task co-located with the Dialogue conference. The proposed method blends distributional information from fastText and BERT word embeddings to predict the most likely parent hypernym node for a new term in a taxonomy. More specifically, we are using both the information on hypernym frequency among the most similar entries in the taxonomy and the similarity of hypernyms themselves. DeepPavlov-based fastText and RuBERT finetuned on news texts and Russian Wikipedia achieve a MAP of 0.3939 and MRR of 0.4353.
NATIVE LANGUAGE IDENTIFICATION FOR RUSSIAN USING ERRORS TYPES
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Remnev N. V.
Published: November 2020

The task of recognizing the author’s native (Native Language Identification—NLI) language based on a texts, written in a language that is non-native to the author—is the task of automatically recognizing native language (L1). The NLI task was studied in detail for the English language, and two shared tasks were conducted in 2013 and 2017, where TOEFL English essays and essay samples were used as data. There is also a small number of works where the NLI problem was solved for other languages. The NLI problem was investigated for Russian by Ladygina (2017) and Remnev (2019). This paper discusses the use of well-established approaches in the NLI Shared Task 2013 and 2017 competitions to solve the problem of recognizing the author’s native language, as well as to recognize the type of speaker—learners of Russian or Heritage Russian speakers. Native language identification task is also solved based on the types of errors specific to different languages. This study is data-driven and is possible thanks to the Russian Learner Corpus developed by the Higher School of Economics (HSE) Learner Russian Research Group on the basis of which experiments are being conducted.
INTEGRATING A HISTORICAL CORPUS, A WORD INDEX, AND A DATABASE OF OLD EAST SLAVIC VERNACULAR WRITING
Authors:   IRL RAS, Moscow, Russia, Sitchinava D. V. ,   HSE, Moscow, Russia, Dyshkant A. N.
Published: November 2020

The paper presents work on two databases of vernacular Old East Slavic writing, viz. the databases of birchbark letters and epigraphy. The task is to link the information of archaeological/historical and linguistic character, namely, the possibility of simultaneous expansion and updating of the database and of a linguistic corpus that enables grammatical and lexical search. The online database Old East Slavic birch bark letters and the section of the historical subcorpus of the Russian National corpus containing birch bark letters call for an integration. This includes, in particular, creating an online workstation for the morphological markup of texts linked to the database entries, the possibility of exporting XML-databases with morphological markup to include them in the RNC, the possibility of automatic generation of forward and backward word indices to the database on the basis of the marked corpus, mutual verification of previously compiled manually indices to the book by A. A. Zalizniak The Old Novgorod Dialect (a new updated edition of this book is being prepared) and markup of the corpus. Creation of a new database on the Old East Slavic epigraphy is designed to overcome the fragmented state of the publications and research in the field, combining the material accumulated by the scholars into a single electronic resource. From the point of view of programming, the architecture of the epigraphy database is analogous to the one of the birch bark database, which makes it possible to create an annotated corpus of the Old East Slavic epigraphy.
TOXIC COMMENTS DETECTION IN RUSSIAN
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia, Smetanin S. I.
Published: November 2020

Currently, social network sites tend to be one of the major communication platforms in both offline and online space. Freedom of expression of various points of view, including toxic, aggressive, and abusive comments, might have a long-term negative impact on people’s opinions and social cohesion. As a consequence, the ability to automatically identify and moderate toxic content on the Internet to eliminate the negative consequences is one of the necessary tasks for modern society. This paper aims at the automatic detection of toxic comments in the Russian language. As a source of data, we utilized anonymously published Kaggle dataset and additionally validated its annotation quality. To build a classification model, we performed fine-tuning of two versions of Multilingual Universal Sentence Encoder, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, and ruBERT. Finetuned RuBERT achieved F1 = 92.20%, demonstrating the best classification score. We made trained models and code samples publicly available to the research community.